text:
User talk:JRM/Archive3

Welcome back!
Welcome back, Germ! Bishonen | Talk 15:39, 12 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmph. For the record: only Bishonen can call me that. And that's primarily because I can't do anything about it.
 * Which means that anyone can call me that, I guess. Curses! It's Joost, dammit, Joost! JRM 15:43, 2005 Mar 12 (UTC)

Thanks
Joost, dankjewel voor het fixen van de image tag op m'n userpage. (Pfff... probeer ik eens in het Nederlands te schrijven hier, bestaat nog de helft van m'n zin uit Engels vocabulaire.)  — mark ✎ 14:15, 14 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Too cool for words?
Now what am I supposed to do with that? NPOV shouldn't mean no style. Anyway, if you think my rant on the Pump is bad, check out some of my contribs. I figure I'll write the way I please, and count on the community to edit me down to stenderd. --Xiong 16:23, 2005 Mar 14 (UTC)

Oops; I bit on that before; that "new section" thingie doesn't take markup that way.

Anyway, thanks for the fan mail. — Xiong (talk) 16:48, 2005 Mar 14 (UTC)

Any more - put them on 'my' Talkpage
OK. Look at the logic. Wyss spent weeks, maybe months insisting that I am Sollog. He deleted posts. He posted on my TalkPage I was Sollog. He abused and abused and abused me. Calling someone a liar and a known pornographer is abuse...

Initially I thought Wiki people would intervene but of course every time they did they had to scold me for fear of annoying Wyss. Even handed - not. I have better things to do than play these Wiki games however I posted to let people know it was a publicity stunt this 'Sollog in jail' stuff. I then get asked to prove a negative - i.e. prove he was not there. These are the same people who do not accept me describing what is on the wall of a bar in Salisbury (UK) as proof I am there. The same people who would want what proof? A headline that Sollog is NOT in jail? Then along trolled Wyss. Wyss is a special case because here was someone who has obsessed about me and truly believes I am Sollog. (It takes a special type of intellect to believe someone who is plainly English is in fact an American) It is here that the illogicality unfolded. Let's move into the Wyss world for a moment. Number = Sollog. Number/Sollog posts that Sollog/Number is not in jail. Wyss then asks - and keeps on asking - for a source. Other Wikis deliberately failing to see the lack of logic, join the baying including one person who when I asked him as an Administrator to explain 'editorial conflict' said (I quote): "I am not your fucking monkey!" So Wyss believes I am Sollog and asks me (Sollog) to source my (Sollog's) post about me (Sollog) Hence he is (must be!) either forgetful, deranged, a hypocrite or a fool. Perfectly logical and naturally deleted because yet again the Wiki people, when they see something obvious, have to spit on it. The Number 20:44, 14 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Hi there
Hey there! I noticed you flagged pinball as needing attention. I'm relatively new to wikipedia editing (i've done some minor changes here and there as 67.36.111.174). How can I help? I could really expand the History section of the article, that seems to be the area most needing work. Lkoziarz

It was a bug.
It was a bug. I had copied from your talk page, as i'm about to do with the rest of your talk page intro, but i assumed it was a template and i didn't have to edit the username. so, yeah, mea culpa. I fixed it.

Project2501a 10:46, 17 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Transcript Transcribed
Salve, JRM! I posted a reply to your query about the Boston Transcript at Reference_desk. If you'd like, I could e-mail you the catalog records direct from the OCLC database. (You can send your address to me with the e-mail this user link so you won't have to post it publicly.) Newspapers are one area I done some work on (see a list here) and if I can help further, let me know. Ave! PedanticallySpeaking 15:14, Mar 17, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the warm welcome!
Hello Joost! Thanks for the welcome (and for fixing my user page!) I'm quite comfortable with wikis (I run a couple myself), but the big wide world of Wikipedia is a lot to take in at once.

I definitely have a lot of content that I can add to the Pinball area, so I'll start slow and we can think about organization later. I think once more stuff gets added it will be a little more clearer how the article should properly read.

I definitely will try to get other enthusiasts (and industry folk) to contribute where possible!

Lkoziarz

Asopos de Vliet
Greetings O speaker (and reader) of Dutch! Never mind the sollogs, take a look at Asopos de Vliet, if you have a spare moment. I'm no devotee of either sports or university clubs, but I thought at least one of the contributory reasons given for deletion was about the silliest ever, and thus felt compelled to comment. However, I can do no more, as I can't read Dutch. -- Hoary 06:22, 2005 Mar 18 (UTC) in Tokyo where spring may be coming at last ..... PS I doubt that you'll want to reply, but if you reply, please do so here.
 * Well, I tried, but this club really seems to be not notable. Their homepage is a quaint collection of local affairs and news of interest only to members. While I don't care about notability (only verifiability), I know others do, but I found myself unable to establish it. PS. "Never mind the sollogs", thanks for that pun... JRM 14:12, 2005 Mar 18 (UTC)
 * Thanks for looking, and sorry if I wasted your time. It occurred to me later that "Vliet" was an English name, or at least an American one. And so far as notability does count, I still think that Asopos de Beefheart is more significant than a lot of the squillion or so Americans who get articles on the strength of having done something with a ball in front of a paying audience. -- Hoary 04:24, 2005 Mar 19 (UTC)

Wiki Break
Hey JRM, I'm off on a Wiki break. Could you watch my talk page and cleanup any "messes" that appear while I'm gone? I'd be grateful! Thanks... Wyss 06:45, 18 Mar 2005 (UTC)

The Number
I hadn't intended to get involved at all, but he posted a message on my Talk page, falsely accusing me of being an outsider, and of not having contributed to any of the articles involved in the dispute. I replied on his Talk page, and was more than surprised to see him continue the discussion on the RfC Talk page. I'm not part of any 'get The Number' group; indeed, this is the first time (so far as I remember) that I've had direct contact with him.

I was also surpised, then, to be jumped on by you. Is your point that, in the interests of cuddly-bunnyhood, we should ignore whatever this user does? Peace is all very well, and certainly something to be aimed at — but that doesn't excuse reprimanding someone whose words have been twisted, and who is trying to set the record straight. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 14:30, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Fair enough; perhaps it was a combination of my slight over-edginess and your slight over-sensitivity? Feel free to post links to relevant bits of the discussion. (My edginess might have been due to my just having reviewed all the evidence supplied in the RfC, and The Number's approach to 'discussion' (that is, to keep pounding away at the same point, wilfully ignoring everything that's said except what can be turned to his advantage) being all too familiar from other, even longer-standing editors, as well as to one member of an audience at a talk I gave the other day...) Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 15:49, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * I do not wilfully ignore what people say. I just choose not to respond as these constant arguments are tiresome. I 'pound away' because others ignore - witness how your own (JRM's) comments have been flagrantly ignored as yet again people seem to want to have a go at me. The Number 19:17, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * I feel I have done all I can do, and said all I can say. What people do with my advice is up to them, apparently, it's little. If you are really interested in contributing to Wikipedia, I honestly suggest just getting a new account and forgetting all this ever happened. As far as I'm concerned, the point of diminishing returns has been reached a long time ago. JRM 19:25, 2005 Mar 21 (UTC)

 * You will notice that people have now started using the Talk Page to trash my contributions elsewhere. My criticisms of various Editors get proven time and time again. I am certain that if I spent time contributing elsewhere my ID or IP would be traced somehow and the little gang would attempt to hound me from whever I had contributed. It's their mindset. The Number 23:56, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * You may be interested to know I have already started contributing - see my entries for Bournemouth. :-)) The Number 19:47, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC)

? Bournemouth history Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 21:25, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * and also Impotence. The Number 22:21, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC)

The pointlessness of a RFC
An RFC was asked for about my behaviour at the TalkSollog page. The major accusation was that I failed to contribute anywhere and that I was here for only negative reasons.

I contributed to two sites elsewhere. These contributions were then held up for examination and - in the spirit of harmony - roundly trashed. One, a recipe for an aphrodisiac which I placed on an Impotence TalkPage - was dismissed by 'experts' as 'a joke' in the most condemnatory way possible. The other was criticised for being in the wrong place....on a TalkPage!

That deals with the contribution aspect.

The second accusation, that I was here for negative reasons, was even easier to prove. Firstly I stated what my purpose was NOT. This was then deliberately contradicted and, for the lazy editors, the word 'not' was omitted.

Gamaliel said my sole purpose was to act as a means to correct behaviour when I had very clearly stated that that was NOT my purpose.

Is there really no form of censure for the behaviour of other people who deliberately lie? Not quoting out of context but totally contradicting what I said and then pretending that in fact they're quoting?

I think it goes deeper than that. Gamaliel has previously shown serious signs of stress. He has insisted I never contact him and yet here he seeks to engage me in dialogue. He seems to be in a parlous state of health and just as he stated things about me that if they were true he would only have known this by reading my mind (a power he does not have) it does seem that he may finally have flipped. In view of this I urge people to read his comments in that light - at least look for the source of his comments when he says that I have stated my one purpose is....  I have asked him for the source but I am 100% it will not be forthcoming. The Number 08:42, 22 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * That's all well and good, but as I've stated before, I am no longer personally interested in mediating in these disputes. These activities take up time and effort that I'm quite honestly not willing to spend on them. I am first and foremost a contributor to an encyclopedia, and only second a member of its community. I've decided to focus on contributing again, and let quarrels and arguments among other people remain with other people. I feel I've tried my best in this effort, and have failed. So be it.
 * If you really feel Gamaliel's behaviour is so troublesome, you are of course free to seek Mediation yourself. Other volunteers may be more motivated to pick up the gauntlet than me. JRM 10:29, 2005 Mar 22 (UTC)

User talk:Bishonen/European toilet paper holder/Anti 'T' bias poll
Vote early, vote often. Filiocht | Talk 08:44, Mar 30, 2005 (UTC)

Hi JRM: Your clarification has really cleared things up. Thanks for that. --Theo (Talk) 21:52, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Clear better talk good. --Theo (Talk) 22:59, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)

A non-non-notable response
Yeah, you're right (about it being a bad idea to use "non-notable" as a speedy reason) ... I over-reacted to the deluge of vanity sub-stubs burying wikipedia; it's so much work to either verify that the person is actually notable or else to VFD it, that sometimes I snap. I need to take a deep breath and stay away from "new pages" patrol for a while - time to visit "requests for articles", or maybe fix some typos ... - DavidWBrooks 19:21, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Help desk: Edit counts
Blast! Thanks for your help anyway. I was secretly hoping it might have been the edit mentioning my 2500th edit, but never mind :). Cheers, Slac speak up!  09:26, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC).

Netoholic and TfD
Since you seem like a rational guy and I hope you consider me rational, too, I'd like to call your attention to what I can only describe as Netoholic's vendetta against me.

Since I wrote, on Wikipedia talk:Avoid using meta-templates, a lengthy rebuttal which he is completely unable to answer, Netoholic has retaliated by nominating, en bloc, nearly every template I ever created. He and his sparewheels are jumping all over these templates, not omitting personal attacks. I don't wish to be alarmist in suggesting you may want to "check your six", too.

These templates fall into two groups: the second is a number of trivial templates which I'd be happy to remove, just for the asking -- though this non-confrontational route was not tried. The first is a set of carefully designed box templates, including a general-purpose master template -- exactly the sort of thing which so upsets Netoholic in the first place. His characterization of them is misleading at best. Far from being a vector for my personal idiosyncracies, they are a tool intended for the most general use. Nor have I gone mad using them.

I feel Netoholic is acting in very poor faith and has dragged in friends to escalate this dispute into a war. Failing to suppress, in the designated forum, templates he dislikes, he has resorted to policy change. Now that the policy change has stalled, he is picking on a new user who represents the opposition, returning to TfD to make bad-faith, confrontational nominations -- apparently to annoy or discredit me. He is in any case unwilling to answer any of my objections or respond directly to any of my comments.

TfD is a very lightly trafficked forum; Netoholic can do a lot of damage there without arousing general interest. I would like to bring in more voices, but I wish to do so properly. I am new here; I do not have a gang of my own to toss into this fight -- and I hope I never have to do business here in that way. I would highly appreciate it if you would take the time to check out TfD, and get back to me with your suggestions.

Thank you. — Xiong (talk) 05:31, 2005 Apr 2 (UTC)

Thanks for your comment. I perfectly agree with your position. It's not generally productive to fight fire with fire. I'm not looking for anyone to join my "gang". But I am new enough that I don't really know what all I can do in this situation.

If you'll allow me to clarify, I'm not really worried about Netoholic hitting my templates on TfD -- or, more specifically, possible removal does not fret me. I take the long view; nothing is ever really deleted around here. Even if it managed to get wiped from history, it's on the backup tapes. For that matter, even Netaholic hasn't started to fry user pages, and I can store anything there "for the duration". Add to that the simple fact that I agree that several templates he's nominated should, indeed, go -- I'm even willing to do the work myself.

If he really wanted them gone, he might have tried to drop me a line. I've previously moved things on my own and speedied the ghost. I don't fight over content. But my objection has little to do with content and much to do with Netoholic's confrontational style, which crosses the line from mere bad manners to disruption of the project.

Now, I see he's going down the list of my contribs; he's gotten around to nominating a tutorial of mine for a move to Wikibooks. Another user put that in a week ago, and withdrew it after he and I had a friendly, open chat about it.

I'm sure that, given time, Netoholic will find a reason to stomp on every edit I make. And he will have a facile justification for each one, individually. That makes him a menace to us all. Nobody can possibly contribute substance while fending off a blizzard of snarky nominations, each of which demands an individual defense.

I almost value the man; every user should know, as a fact, not merely as a theory, that his edits will be put through the mill. Look at the Talk page for divbox -- I did not dare to put that out there without a clearly-stated purpose. Sketchy articles should be hastily thrown up against the wall. If it were possible to tone Netoholic down just a little, he'd be a key player, not one to lose.

As it is, I've got a limited amount of time to invest in WP, and I've already exceeded yesterday's quota by about 300%. If all I contribute to this project is to assist with a curb on this loose cannon, so be it; but I feel my time might be better spend making real contributions.

I'm sure you're aware that Netoholic is in arbitration; it took me much digging to find out. I wish a big fat tag were appended to his sig, so clueless users like me would know this, and not feel the Juggernaut is crushing us unchecked. — Xiongtalk 13:27, 2005 Apr 2 (UTC)

I so like that "lynch" tag; I am possessed by the desire to include it in all my sigs. Seriously, it would greatly alleviate Wikistress to know that the Tyrannosaurus bearing down on one is already marked for destruction.

I honestly do not believe that all Netoholic's motives are pure. He believes he is on the side of Right, of course; but so do we all. Even the worst troll believes he is doing the world Good to puncture inflated egos. But I suspect that, somewhere in the back of his mind, he is haunted by the notion that Somebody, Somewhere -- somebody he actually respects -- does not appreciate his methods.

I don't really care if he edits ruthlessly; that's fine. The lasting damage he does is not to content at all, or even written policy. It is that, by repeatedly testing every single boundary placed on good behavior, he eliminates all common sense. There is no room for subjective judgement -- wisdom -- in a project where Netoholic operates; he will discover a way to force men of good will to disagree on everything that is not written in black or white. — Xiongtalk 00:25, 2005 Apr 3 (UTC)

User_talk:VosConclavo
You say there that you are not an admin. Why not? You should be. dab (ᛏ) 14:56, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Aye, there's the rub, indeed. I would nominate you maliciously, hoping to waste even more of your time, any day. dab (ᛏ) 15:06, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Let's do! That'll fix him. :-) (And I can't understand Bishonen's reluctance, either. I'm an admin, and look how much it has helped me. Now, I get free drinks in bars. Women flock to me, falling at my feet, even when I have used deodorant. My calls always get returned.) Seriously, it doesn't have to take up more time than you're already spending, JRM.  Further, you can still get into the muck with troublesome users to the same degree (which is to say not much), but with a few powers to help out.  Me, I use my powers most on New Pages patrol and cleaning out cat:csd. Geogre 17:14, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd use them to block you both for disrupting Wikipedia to illustrate a point. Nemo me impune sysoppit! :-) JRM 17:25, 2005 Apr 2 (UTC)
 * Seriously, you've got me wrong, Geogre, I'm not reluctant for JRM to be an admin. In fact I just now, on dab's page, exhorted JRM to accept! (Hmmm? Yes, to my way of thinking, it is important to write to you on JRM's page, to JRM on dab's page, usw. Wait, I'll just go give Mark Dingemanse a piece of my mind on your page.)Bishonen|Talk 17:28, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Refactoring an old discussion
The changes to countdown deletion are fine. Thanks for letting me know. Maurreen 16:30, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)

'Acknowledgement we have been trolled'
You seem to think that I am a Please explain to me exactly how I have 'spammed' the Sollog Article with my (deleted) contribution (which was a NPOV) about the 'Great Quake'. It is one thing to delete and condemn - quite another to actually be right. You do realise that if I have not spammed the Sollog ARTICLE (as indeed I maintain I haven't) then the accusation of troll is, at least, weakened. The Number 10:38, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * First off, I never call individuals trolls, but I will call individual behaviour trolling. Trolling, in this sense, is persistently posting content with the sole intent of sparking controversy and discussion, particularly without any evidence that one is working towards consensus or at least maintaining an open discussion.

 * My comment of referred to your earlier persistent repeating of all perceived wrongdoings against you, even when it was clear the discussion wasn't going anywhere, would never go anywhere, and was of zero importance to the goal of building an encyclopedia. That is what I saw and see as trolling, in retrospect.

 * Now, I have never used the word "spammed". I was not involved in deleting your contribution, neither did I condemn it, and as I said above, my assessment (which is an assessment according to the criteria above, not an accusation of a crime) is not based on your contributions. As I understand it, it was reverted on grounds of being factually inaccurate, not POV. But whether or not this is so, you should take that up with those who reverted you, not me. JRM 10:50, 2005 Apr 5 (UTC)

Countdown deletion
That's a pity. I think a lot of people are interested in improving the deletion process, and are unhappy about the unwieldiness of VfD (and maybe other aspects of it). And still proposals for new or additional techniques never do get much attention. That could be simply because they're hard to find, especially at the pre-voting, please-edit-or-comment-on-this-proposal-stage. I remember how Geogre's "Managed deletion" finally got an influx of people wanting to discuss and change it only when voting started, maybe because it was then nailed to the post as "Poll of the day" on the Community Portal or wherever. That was too late; you can't usefully have a proposal both in flux and being voted on. How exactly are people supposed to find yours? What's the path to it? I don't see it at the Pump (and anyway I hold fast to my doubt that people consult those sections of the Pump much). How about this: I think we need a new permanent high-profile page, Proposals for deletion, WP:PFD (uh, not leading where it does at present...). Like WP:RFA and WP:RFC and WP:FAC and so on. I have a dream: that at least some people would get into the habit of checking there, the way I check RFA and FAC every now and then, and you (uniquely!) check the Pump. But I do see the problem: how would anybody ever become aware of WP:PFD itself? Or in other words, do I think "high profile" can be conjured out of thin air? That's the big trick, indeed. Circular problem? You be the judge. Bishonen|Talk 21:56, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I am about to change 'significant' to 'material' throughout the policy statement. Are you happy with this? --Theo (Talk) 21:26, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the prompt response. I was not asking permission; I was seeking your opinion. I have now made the change (after medicating all my bruises). I still think that the biggest issue with this is promotion: how do we make people sufficiently aware of the process? [Please do not answer this question on our talk pages; this is simply to make you aware of the weight that I give this aspect of the policy]. --Theo (Talk) 22:06, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for the kind words on my talk page. It's frustrating when you think you're doing good (if thankless) work and you keep having to defend yourself over and over and over again. However, friendly words from others help a ton, my spirits have been lifted. Kevin Rector 13:49, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)

I wandered into an ant hill
Oh dear this TEA thing is getting quite out of hand. Yesterday I stumbled across the Talk page of Tea (disambiguation) due to something that I was working on and found an ongoing discussion about merging the Tea/TEA pages and then discovered a third TEA. So I made some corrections only to find myself getting into a time wasing mire. So this morning I dug myself out of the first hole and now of course your comments have begun the controversy anew. Please check out the Talk page I mentioned (I will transfer your comments over there), because no sooner had I bowed out of there then they got busy changing stuff around. I am just sitting on the fence and whistling. I have no personal stake in any of this because my original link was from Texas Education Agency which I am constantly linking to, which is TEA everywhere on Google. MPLX/MH 17:18, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Your Experiment
Is great. :-) Thank you for thanking me. No seriously! I hadn't seen that before, and it improves the atmosphere on wikipedia. I like it :-) By the way, will you be on irc today? Kim Bruning 18:53, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thank you
Thank you. Have the Ye Olde Bidet Award of 2005 in recognition of your stout efforts in the Great April Fool's Hoax War! Bishonen|Talk 00:01, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC). P. S. Yeah, and I'll social process you! --Bishonen|Talk 00:22, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Temper, temper.
 * By my own unfortunate policy of accepting and prominently displaying any "award" bestowed on me, I'll have to treat this dubious honour likewise. JRM 08:01, 2005 Apr 7 (UTC)

title: User talk:JRM/Archive3


text:
Erick Avari

Erick Avari (born Nariman Erick Avari; 13 April 1952) is an Indian-American actor whose roles in science-fiction and action productions include Stargate (1994), Independence Day (1996), and The Mummy (1999).

Early life
Erick Avari was born on 13 April 1952 in Darjeeling, West Bengal, India, into a Parsi Zoroastrian family. His father, Erach Dinshaw Avari, ran two movie theatres, the Capital and the Rink. His early education was at the North Point School, which he attended as a day-scholar. He later studied at the College of Charleston.

Avari is a member of the Avari-Madan family of Darjeeling and Calcutta. His great-great-grandfather was Jamshedji Framji Madan, one of the pioneers of Indian cinema.

Career
Avari is one of only two actors, along with Alexis Cruz, to appear in both the original Stargate movie and the spin-off series Stargate SG-1 (three episodes). Before arriving in Los Angeles in 1991, his extensive work onstage garnered him praise from theater critics across America, most notably as Vasquez, in 'Tis Pity She's a Whore with Val Kilmer at the Joseph Papp Public Theater, and as Sir Richard at The Guthrie Theater's memorable production of The Screens.

In the video game Zork Grand Inquisitor, he played Grand Inquisitor Mir Yannick, a ruthless dictator who serves as the game's main villain. He also appeared in The Librarian: Return to King Solomon's Mines.

Beginning in the autumn of 2006, a photograph of Avari and a recording of his voice were used in the role of Chandra Suresh in Heroes. He did not appear onscreen until the episode "Seven Minutes to Midnight", as his character is part of the backstory and had died before the events of the pilot.

Over the course of his career, Avari has portrayed representatives of more than 24 ethnicities. As of November 2006, he has appeared in 33 feature films and over 70 television episodes.

Avari has appeared with Brent Spiner in three different productions: Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987), Independence Day (1996), and The Master of Disguise (2002). He performed opposite Richard Gere in a drama film based on a true story: Hachi: A Dog's Tale, in which he played Jasjeet, an Indian hot dog vendor.

Avari was scheduled to reprise in his role as Kasuf in the Stargate SG-1 Season Six finale "Full Circle", but was unable to do so due to his commitment to Dragnet (2003).

In January 2009, he played a mobile-phone salesman in Paul Blart: Mall Cop, and in October 2009, he was cast as Omar on Days of Our Lives.

In 2014, Avari voiced Master Rahool in the science fiction video game Destiny, a role he reprised in a sequel.

In 2019, Avari portrayed Nicodemus in the television historical series The Chosen based on the life of Jesus Christ. He said in a 2023 interview that he considered himself retired prior to the series and mostly retired since, but may have an unspecified project in the works.
 * 1962 : Kanchenjungha
 * 1984 : Nothing Lasts Forever : Toulouse Lautrec
 * 1988 : La Bête de guerre (The Beast of War) : Samad
 * 1989 : True Blue (TV) : Hakim Huzan
 * 1989 : She's Back : Deli owner
 * 1963 : Hôpital central (General Hospital) (série TV) : Ahmed Hakeem (1991)
 * 1992 : Sang chaud pour meurtre de sang-froid (Final Analysis) : Moderator
 * 1992 : La Passagère de l'oubli (Treacherous Crossing) (TV) : Don Gallegher
 * 1992 : L'Homme d'Encino (Encino Man) : Raji
 * 1993 : L'Affaire Amy Fisher : Désignée coupable (Casualties of Love: The Long Island Lolita Story) (TV) : Surgeon
 * 1993 : La Loi du professionnel (The Hit List) (TV) : Pharmaceutical Wholesaler
 * 1993 : Scam (TV) : Mr. Ayub
 * 1993 : Le Concierge du Bradbury (For Love or Money) : Benny the Jeweler
 * 1994 : Une épouse trop parfaite (Dream Lover) : Dr. Spatz
 * 1994 : Color of Night : Cabbie
 * 1994 : Stargate, la porte des étoiles (Stargate) : 'Good Father' Kasuf
 * 1994 : Nuits de Chine (Don't Drink the Water) (TV) : Emir's Aide
 * 1995 : Aladdin on Ice (TV) : The Mystic Traveler
 * 1996 : The Undercover Kid : Brach
 * 1996 : Alf (TV) : Rocket (voix)
 * 1996 : Independence Day, le jour de la riposte (Independence Day) : SETI Chief
 * 1996 : Le Poids du passé (To Face Her Past) (TV) : Dr. Webster
 * 1997 : McHale's Navy: y a-t-il un commandant à bord? (McHale's Navy) : European Leader
 * 1999 : La Momie (The Mummy) : Dr. Terrence Bey
 * 1999 : Le 13e Guerrier (The 13th Warrior) : Hosein, Caravan Leader
 * 2001 : Ritual : Dr. Peter Winsfold
 * 2001 : On Wings of Fire
 * 2001 : La Planète des singes (Planet of the Apes) : Tival
 * 2001 : La Prison de verre (The Glass House) : Ted Ross
 * 2002 : 3 Days of Rain : Alex
 * 2002 : Incest : Paul
 * 2002 : Les Aventures de Mister Deeds (Mr. Deeds) : Cecil Anderson
 * 2002 : Le Maître du déguisement (The Master of Disguise) : Cigar Maker
 * 2002 : Maman je suis seul contre tous (Home Alone 4) (TV) : Prescott
 * 2003 : Daredevil : Nikolas Natchios
 * 2003 : Searching for Haizmann : Father Mark Reeder
 * 2005 : Dancing in Twilight : Matt
 * 2005 : The L.A. Riot Spectacular : Matre'd
 * 2005 : Heroes : Shandra Suresh
 * 2006 : Le vol des morts-vivants : Dr. Bennett
 * 2007 : Postal : Habib
 * 2010 : Hatchi : Hatchi

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Erick Avari


text:
King Henry VIII School, Coventry

King Henry VIII School is a coeducational private day school located in Coventry, England, comprising a senior school (ages 11–18) and associated preparatory school (ages 3–11). The senior school has approximately 574 pupils (of which 167 are in the Sixth Form). The current senior school fees stand at £15,150 per year, with bursaries and scholarships available.

History
The school was founded on 23 July 1545 by the Clerk of the Hanaper John Hales as the Free Grammar School under letters patent of King Henry VIII. During the initial foundation of the school it was located in the Whitefriars' Monastery. Nevertheless, due to religious differences, the school was relocated to the building of the former Saint John's Hospital in 1558, where it spent more than 300 years before moving to its present site on the south side of the city in 1885, a building there having been designed for it by Edward Burgess. Much of this original redbrick still stands despite Second World War damage, as well as many expansions.

In 1572 the school's administration was conveyed to Coventry Corporation after the school's founder, Hales, left land and other property to pay for "the maintenance of one perpetual free school within the City of Coventry".

In 1601, the school's library was established and maintained by the donations of affluent contributors.

In the 18th century the school experienced decline and struggle. Due to financial difficulties, the school was required to introduce fees to the students. In an attempt to deal with these struggles the School was divided into two departments: Classical and Commercial. The Commercial subjects were taught at the schoolroom and were greatest in demand, while the Classical subjects were taught in the library and were specifically aimed at boys willing to attend the university.

In 1878 the school was no longer a "Free Grammar School" and it became an independent institution after being under the administration of the corporation and the city authorities for 300 years. The old school premises were condemned and the new buildings, used at the present, were established on Warwick Road in 1885. Further improvements to the curriculum were also implemented and more subjects were introduced. By 1910 the number of pupils had increased. Over the next several years, the school continued to thrive and in 1926 the Preparatory classes were reinstated. By 1939 the number of boys in the school had grown from 94 in 1901 to approximately 500. The number of pupils continued to grow during the Second World War (1939–1945) with over 822 students in the school, 179 in the Junior division. Regardless of the damage caused by the bombings over Coventry, which diminished the school's library and other buildings, the school continued to expand and develop. Girls were first admitted to the school in 1975.

The school has faced multiple controversies since the late 1980s to the early 2020s; with a child having been expelled for engaging in pornography, teachers (including a former headteacher) convicted of possessing child pornography,  a teacher convicted of criminal damage,   students expelled for dealing drugs,  allegations of sexism for requiring female students to dress "like secretaries" with "many skirts cut above the knee",  and personal data having been stolen from the school's computer systems.

In October 2020, it was announced that the school would merge with Bablake School, with the combined school is set to open in September 2021. The proposed new school was initially named Coventry School, before backlash from parents and staff led to Bablake and King Henry VIII School being chosen. The plan was abandoned during the course of 2021, with the decision to share some facilities and teaching (particularly in the sixth form) between King Henry VIII School and Bablake School.

In December 2021, at the request of the Department for Education the school was subject to a regulatory compliance inspection, carried out by the Independent Schools Inspectorate. The report following this inspection found that the school did not meet compliance standards in five areas, relating to safeguarding; quality of leadership and management; supervision of pupils; teaching of RSE and PSHE; and the carrying out of required checks on staff employed. A subsequent monitoring inspection in September 2022, found that the school still did not meet all of the statutory regulations, finding that the standard was not met in three areas, relating to safeguarding; quality of leadership and management; and the carrying out of required checks on staff employed. In 2023, the school had recognised and addressed all these issues, according to a 2023 ISI inspection report.

In September 2022, the governors appointed Mr. Chris Staley as Principal and CEO for all the schools under their administration. This role is to provide overall responsibility for the strategic leadership, management and development of the Foundation and those schools that fall under its operational umbrella. The heads of each of the schools report to the Principal and CEO.

In late 2023, the ITV series Three Little Birds was filmed at the school.

Controversies
Debee Ashby, a teenage glamour model was expelled from the school in 1983 after topless Page 3 pictures were published.

Former headmaster, Terence James Vardon, left his position after pleading guilty to three charges of possessing indecent images of children between 1989 and April 1999. In 1999, John Skermer, a senior teacher was also convicted of taking and possessing photographs of naked boys.

A teacher at the school, James Anstice, admitted to a charge of causing criminal damage in 2004 costing £2,500 by destroying a nativity scene at Madame Tussauds featuring David and Victoria Beckham.

In 2012, two pupils were expelled over allegations they sold drugs to other children; three other students were suspended for a term.

In 2016, the school faced controversy after boys uniform included business suits whilst girls would have to dress "like secretaries" with "many skirts cut above the knee".

In March 2021, local press reported that the school's systems were infiltrated by an "international cyber crime organisation known to the FBI" and reported that "the organisation responsible did post personal data stolen from the school's system online".

Inspection reports by the Independent Schools Inspectorate in 2021 and 2022 found that the school failed to comply with a number of regulations including on safeguarding and vetting of staff on both inspections. A December 2021 report by the inspectorate found "the school does not always act in the best interests of the child or in keeping with locally agreed inter-agency procedures. In particular, the school does not always liaise with and, when appropriate, make referrals to relevant external agencies when concerns about sexual harassment of pupils arise." A September 2022 report found "procedures to check the suitability of staff do not yet meet requirements. Not all staff appointed since the previous inspection have been checked comprehensively before beginning work in the school." The school recognised these issues following these issues being corrected, was recognised in a 2023 ISI report as "excellent" in all areas showing adherence to ISI rules.

Former headmasters

 * Thomas Sherwyn BA (Oxon)
 * Leonard Cox BA (Cantab) MA (Oxon), 1572–1599
 * John Tovey MA (Oxon), 1599–1602
 * Jeremiah Arnold, MA (Oxon) MA (Cantab), 1602–1611
 * James Cranford, 1611–1627
 * Philemon Holland MD (Cantab) MA (Oxon), 1628–1629
 * Phineas White BA (Cantab), 1629–1651
 * Samuel Frankland MA (Cantab), 1651–1691
 * Samuel Carte MA (Oxon), 1691–1700
 * George Greenway, 1701–1717
 * Richard Marsden MA (Oxon), 1717–1718
 * Edward Jackson BA (Cantab), 1718–1758
 * Thomas Edwards DD (Cantab), 1758–1779
 * William Brooks MA (Oxon), 1779–1833
 * Thomas Sheepshanks MA (Cantab), 1834–1857
 * Henry Temple, 1857–1867
 * John Grover, 1867–1879
 * W.W. Sweet-Escott MA (Oxon), 1879–1889
 * C.R. Gilbert MA (Cantab), 1890–1906
 * A.D. Perrott MA (Cantab), 1906–1910
 * John Lupton MA (Cantab), 1910–1931
 * A.A.C. Burton MA (Oxon), 1931–1950
 * Herbert Walker BA (London), 1950–1974 (worked in postwar Germany engaged under Lord Annan in denazification of German Universities)
 * Roy Cooke MA (Oxon), 1974–1977
 * Rhidian James BA (Leeds), 1977–1994
 * Terence Vardon MA (Oxon), 1994–1999 (stood down after pleading guilty to possession of indecent images of children)
 * George Fisher MA (Oxon), 2000–2010
 * Jason Slack BSc (Dunelm), 2010–2020
 * Philip Dearden BA MA Ed, 2020–

Alumni

 * Debee Ashby, glamour model.
 * Terence Brain, Bishop of Salford.
 * Richard Baylie, President of St John's College, Oxford.
 * Paul Barnes, graphic designer and typographer.
 * Ralph Bathurst, Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University.
 * Colin Blakemore, author and scientist.
 * Harvey Brough, musician and composer.
 * Nicholas Bullen, musician, composer and writer, co-founder of Napalm Death.
 * Joseph Butterworth, English law bookseller.
 * Bob Carlton, composer of the rock musical Return to the Forbidden Planet.
 * Stephen T. Cobb, author, information security expert.
 * Andrew Copson, Chief Executive of Humanists UK and president of the International Humanist and Ethical Union.
 * Edward Thomas Copson, mathematician.
 * Jerry Dammers, musician. Founder Member of The Specials.
 * Peter Ho Davies, author.
 * Paul Daniel, conductor.
 * Alison Dougall, academic consultant in special care dentistry.
 * Sir William Dugdale, antiquary.
 * David Duckham, England international rugby player.
 * Omar Ebrahim, baritone vocalist and actor.
 * Jackie Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher, admiral in the Royal Navy.
 * Sir Frederick Gibberd, architect of Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral.
 * Sir Leslie Gibson, KC, former Chief Justice of Trinidad, Palestine and Hong Kong.
 * Andy Goode, rugby player.
 * James Grindal, rugby player.
 * Roger Harrabin, BBC journalist and reporter.
 * Basil Heatley, marathon runner.
 * Ian Hobson, pianist.
 * Martin Jacques, journalist, writer and TV presenter.
 * Philip Larkin, Poet. Has a room, connected to the main school hall, named after him (Philip Larkin room).
 * John Wilfrid Linnett, chemist and Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University.
 * Christopher Marshall (doctor), Professor of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research.
 * David McCutchion, Indophile academic.
 * Eric Malpass, novelist.
 * Simon Over, pianist and conductor
 * Robert Paterson, Bishop of Sodor and Man.
 * Arthur Samuel Peake, theologian and biblical scholar.
 * S. S. Prawer, Taylor Professor of German Emeritus, Oxford University.
 * Peter Preece, England international rugby player.
 * Professor Rebecca Probert, legal historian.
 * Peter Robbins, rugby football player
 * Peter Rossborough, England international rugby player.
 * John Sheepshanks, Bishop of Norwich.
 * J. B. Steane, teacher, literary scholar and music critic.
 * Michael Tooby, curator, Professor of Art & Design, Bath School of Art & Design, Bath Spa University since 2012
 * Humphrey Wanley, librarian, palaeographer and scholar of Old English.
 * Rear Admiral Anthony Whetstone CB, former Royal Navy officer who served as Flag Officer Sea Training.
 * Peter Whittingham, football player (Aston Villa FC, Cardiff City FC and England U21).
 * R. E. S. "Bob" Wyatt, England test cricketer.

title: King Henry VIII School, Coventry


text:
User talk:JVerber

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --BaronLarf 14:18, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
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Orphaned non-free image (Image:Uwsp-logo.gif)
 Thanks for uploading Image:Uwsp-logo.gif. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice?  Royal broil  04:29, 2 November 2008 (UTC)
 * It has been replaced by a color image. Things have changed - it would have needed a fair use image template if it would have been kept.  Royal broil  04:29, 2 November 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:JVerber


text:
Belvedere Club

The Belvedere Club, located south of Charlevoix, Michigan is a summer home association of 91 cottages between Round Lake and Lake Charlevoix in Northern Michigan founded in 1878.

Members are generally from upper class households and originate from the Midwest and South. Many families have been resorting to the club for generations. During the summer season, late June through Labor Day, the Club's entrance is staffed to limit non-member tourist traffic. Most of the cottages are not winterized, but the summer season has been expanding in recent decades to include cottages opening in the spring with many cottages remaining in use through Michigan's fall leaf color season.

The club's grounds include a beach, a tennis club, parks and gardens, and a casino dining club, all of which are private. The Belvedere Golf Club, home of the Michigan Amateur Golf Championship for many decades in the mid-20th century, is affiliated with the Belvedere Club. The grounds lie partly in Charlevoix Township and partly in Marion Township, in Charlevoix County, Michigan.

The club was founded in 1878 by Baptists from Kalamazoo as the Charlevoix Resort Association. In 1879, a boarding-home style hotel was built on the grounds for guests and loggers. The land was divided into lots and leased for construction of summer cottages. Cottage-building had accelerated by 1882; by various estimates, most cottages were constructed either before 1900 or before 1940. Most feature ornate, bargeboard cupolas and textured wall surfaces. In 1923, a casino was built and the name of the association was changed to the Belvedere Club.

In 1887, the 40-room Belvedere Hotel was built on the grounds of the club, replacing the previous hotel that burned down in 1886. The hotel would later be expanded to 85 rooms by 1902, hosting prominent guests such as Eliot Ness, Edgar Rice Burroughs, Bing Crosby, Booth Tarkington, Adlai Stevenson, Barry Goldwater, and Dean Acheson. The hotel was demolished in 1960, following a postwar decline in the 1950s.

The club was designated a Michigan State Historic Site on November 14, 1974.

title: Belvedere Club


text:
Talk:Dungeon (video game)

Move
Why was this moved from Dungeon (1976)? Was there a conflict? (Answer: No). I guess it was moved to more accurately reflect the domain of the game? In that case, it should have been moved to "Dungeon (mainframe computer game)" (note case). But the "mainframe" isn't really needed either (unless someone writes another computer game called Dungeon, but we can deal with that if/when it ever happens). I vote we move the article to "Dungeon (computer game)" and delete this article since a redirect with it's current name won't be useful to anyone. Of course, we can fix any wikilinks to it first. — Frecklefoot | Talk 14:21, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)

 * I think I'm causing some extra headaches here as I learn the ropes. I had used the (1976) as a differentiator from other Dungeon entries, then realized that was a poor choice, especially so since the year is more likely 1975 than 1976.

 * I then revised and used mainframe computer game as the revised differentiator since there are so many console, PC etc. games with the word dungeon, and most modern readers who read "computer game" would make the wrong assumption.

 * I used caps in the parentheses because I didn't realize that was the wrong convention. (Newbies are trainable, really!)

 * I don't have strong objections to any of the suggestions, though I think that in general keeping some flags for mainframe games to avoid confusion is a good thing.

 * Coll7 17:23, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)Coll7Coll7 17:23, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Newbies are not trainable! I'll drink your blood for this! (j/k). I don't have strong feelings to either one ("computer game" or "mainframe computer game"), but I don't think the "mainframe" is really necessary. There aren't any other computer games called Dungeon—and just "Dungeon"—for any other computer systems. Like I said, if one does come out, we can disambiguate it further then.

This is the way things usually work. Make the simplist title first, then disambiguate further if need be. Dungeon certainly needs disambiguation, but adding the mainframe—at this point—is unnecessary, IMHO. Peace. — Frecklefoot | Talk 19:12, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)

Implemented the change as per your suggestion. Thanks. Coll7 21:10, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)Coll7Coll7 21:10, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Ran into a 1970's gamer last week and a conversation about RAM limits on the '10 came up, so I added a section with this info. Coll7 05:47, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

pedit5
I am one of the co-writers of dnd (computer game). pedit5 predates dnd. Therefore, I changed the reference to dnd to pedit5. Ratwod

Another DECUS game named "Dungeon"
I've added a short paragraph about another game with the same name, a translation into Fortran of what later became Zork. See Zork. (I never got to use a PDP-10, but I spent way too many hours with Dungeon-the-text-game.) I've also removed some incorrect info about DECUS, which was much more than a "software sharing system" and was subsidised but not "operated by" DECUS. Cheers, Chris Chittleborough 23:11, 14 April 2006 (UTC)

"Years later, DECUS distributed another game named "Dungeon", a version of Zork. This game featured a character named Rivett that you were able to control through the 3D environment." - The "Dungeon" that you refer to came from MIT and was in fact Zork before it was split in two parts and named Zork and Zork II. However, no character exists in Dungeon or the Zork games named Rivett, nor is there gameplay featuring such 3D environment navigation.71.112.38.38 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 18:27, 1 November 2009 (UTC).

1975 or 1976?
So what is the deal here. A quick search of internet sources reveals three industry bios saying the game was created in 1975 and two industry bios and two interviews with Daglow that all say the game was written in 1976, the latter two being cases of Daglow himself giving the year as 1976. Why is one set of sources considered more credible than the other? Seems to me both dates should be given as possible creation dates. Furthermore, it seems pretty clear that pedit5 was created in 1974 and dnd in 1974/75, so the claim of first rpg rings pretty hollow, though it was certainly the first rpg on conventional mainframe computers. Indrian 18:45, 8 August 2006 (UTC)
 * As this is a somewhat obscure game, I am not surprised my comments have not generated any response yet on this page. I will give it a little more time, but if someone does not give a good reason for accepting one set of sources over the other, I am going to change the article to relfect that the game may have been made in 1975 or 1976 and take out any reference to it being a candidate for first rpg ever mande. Indrian 13:38, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

Daglow says 1975. -al 11:42, 19 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually, in the only two interviews I found, Daglow said he created it in 1976,. so you appear to be wrong. Even if he has given a 1975 date somwhere, this only means he has given both at one time or another Indrian 16:45, 19 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Hmmm, okay. I'm going from this interview, which is the most recent one he's done. Ball's in your court, though - it's pretty clear that he has offered conflicting information at one time or another, so maybe the article should reflect that. -al 04:18, 24 October 2006 (UTC)
 * It is tempting to think he started writing it in 1975 (which is clearly true since he said he began after the dnd (computer game) was released) then published the first version in 1976.—RJH (talk) 21:17, 28 December 2009 (UTC)

multi-player v multi-character
The article says this is a multiplayer game, but I think the expression should have been "multi-character". See http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=11228. I'm pretty sure the game has only one player. So far in my research it looks like the earliest multiplayer game, at least in the adventure/rpg realm, is Oubliette (1977). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.201.24.136 (talk) 22:31, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dungeon (video game)


text:
Jef Van Bilsen

Anton Arnold Jozef "Jef" Van Bilsen (13 June 1913, in Diest – 22 July 1996, in Kraainem), usually cited as A. A. J. Van Bilsen in his academic publications, was a Belgian professor who, in December 1955, proposed a 30-year scheme (known as the "Van Bilsen Plan") for creating a self-sufficient independent state out of the Belgian Congo.

Before World War II, Van Bilsen was an active member of the extreme-right Verdinaso party and, in 1942, became a member of the Belgian Resistance. After the war, he travelled in colonial Africa.

Van Bilsen is best known for devising a plan for the long-term independence of the Belgian Congo in the 1950s. The timetable, outlined in December 1955 and in a pamphlet entitled Un Plan de Trente Ans pour l'émancipation politique de l'Afrique Belge (1955–56), called for a gradual change over 30 years, the time he estimated it would take to create an educated elite to administrate the new Congo. His plan never came to fruition after Congolese nationalists demanded immediate independence, especially after the Léopoldville Riots of 1959, leading to a period of prolonged political chaos, known as the Congo Crisis, and the eventual seizure of power by Joseph-Désiré Mobutu in 1965.

Van Bilsen taught at the Catholic University of Leuven and Ghent University.

title: Jef Van Bilsen


text:
Dundee East (UK Parliament constituency)

Dundee East was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (at Westminster). Created for the 1950 general election, it elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first-past-the-post voting system.

This was one of the safest SNP seats. Since 2005, Stewart Hosie of the Scottish National Party had served as the MP for the constituency. On 14 November 2014, Hosie was elected as Deputy Leader of the Scottish National Party, succeeding Nicola Sturgeon, who was elected as the party leader; Hosie served as Deputy Leader until 13 October 2016.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat will be subject to boundary changes, gaining the town of Arbroath and surrounding areas, partly offset by the loss of parts of East End, Maryfield and Strathmartine from the Dundee City council area which will move to Dundee Central. As a consequence, Dundee East will be renamed Arbroath and Broughty Ferry, to be first contested at the 2024 general election.

Constituency profile
Fanning out from the city's docklands, Dundee East takes in a series of mixed residential areas as far as the town of Carnoustie and the affluent suburb of Monifieth in the north-east. Prosperous middle-class enclaves such as Barnhill and Broughty Ferry contrast with older tenement districts and council estates such as Douglas and Whitfield.

Boundaries
1950–1974: The County of the City of Dundee wards numbers 1, 4, 5, 10, 11, and 12.

1974–1983: The County of the City of Dundee wards of Broughty Ferry, Caird, Craigie, Douglas, Harbour, and Hilltown. The constituency boundaries remained unchanged.

1983–1997: The City of Dundee District electoral divisions of Balgillo/Eastern, Caird/Midhill, Clepington/Maryfield, Coldside/Hilltown, Craigiebank, Douglas/Drumgeith, Fintry, Welgate/Baxter Park, West Ferry/Broughty Ferry, and Whitfield/Longhaugh.

1997–2005: The City of Dundee District electoral divisions of Barnhill, Broughty Ferry, Clepington, Dens, Douglas and Angus, Fintry, Kingsway East, Stannergate, and Whitfield.

2005–2024: The Dundee City Council wards of Balgillo, Barnhill, Baxter Park, Broughty Ferry, Claverhouse, Craigiebank, Douglas, East Port, Longhaugh, Pitkerro, West Ferry, and Whitfield, and the Angus Council wards of Carnoustie Central, Carnoustie East, Carnoustie West, Monifieth Central, Monifieth West, and Sidlaw East and Ashludie.

The current constituency is one of two covering the Dundee City council area, the other being Dundee West. Current boundaries were first used in the 2005 general election.

Prior to the 2005 election, both constituencies were entirely within the city area, and the northeastern and northwestern areas of the city were within the Angus constituency. Scottish Parliament constituencies retain the older boundaries.

Politics and history of the constituency
From the first time it was contested in 1950 through to the 1966 general election, the Dundee East seat returned Labour MPs with comfortable majorities of between 3,805 and 8,126 votes over the second-placed Conservatives. Additionally the Labour candidate always polled more than 50% of the votes cast in these contests. However, in 1970, Labour's majority over the Conservatives fell to 2,798 votes and the Labour share dipped below 50%. The same year saw the Scottish National Party contest the seat in a general election for the first time, though they had previously contested the 1952 by-election.

The constituency has been a marginal seat between the SNP and Labour since the 1973 by-election. Although Labour won the seat in that by-election, the SNP established itself as the clear challenger and continued to advance, winning the seat in the next general election. Labour were thought to have underperformed in not winning the seat back in the 1979 general election, and the choice of the former Communist Jimmy Reid as Labour candidate was blamed for the loss. John McAllion regained the constituency for Labour at the 1987 general election.

Boundary changes which came into force in 2005 brought in many voters from more suburban areas formerly in the Angus constituency. Although estimates of the 2001 general election result on the new boundaries showed Labour ahead, the lead was exceptionally narrow, and after the SNP won the Scottish Parliament seat on the original boundaries in 2003, a close fight was expected (and occurred) in the 2005 general election. The constituency was gained by the SNP's Stewart Hosie, who won the constituency with a 1.0% vote majority ahead of Labour in 2005, which he increased to 4.5% at the 2010 general election.

In 2015, the sitting SNP MP Stewart Hosie retained the seat with a majority of 19,162 votes and a 39.8% share of the vote. This was the largest majority of any of the 56 SNP MPs elected at that year's general election in terms of percentage, although a slightly larger numerical majority was achieved in Falkirk.

In 2017 Hosie's vote share dropped to 42.8% and a revived Conservative Party cut his majority by more than two thirds to 6,645. Labour narrowly slipped into third place. In 2019 Hosie increased his majority to over 13,000 votes as his vote share rose by 11%. In percentage terms, the SNP majority of 29.54%, was the party's second largest at the election, being surpassed only by the 33.87 majority it had in Aberdeen North. The Conservative's remained in second place with a small decrease in vote share, but the Labour vote decreased dramatically as the party recorded its worst ever result in the seat's history.


text:
Talk:13th arrondissement of Paris

[Untitled]
Bicêtre is outside Paris. David.Monniaux 14:22, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

High-rises
Why are there so many more high-rises in this arrondissement than in all the others? 71.156.15.166 23:23, 28 May 2006 (UTC)
 * The southern part of the arrondissement was rebuilt during the 60s-70s, when towers were fashionable in France (cf fr:Italie 13). Thbz 07:02, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Interesting! Thanks. 71.156.15.166 22:03, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

Vietnamese
It should be mentioned that Vietnamese also live there. Badagnani 08:56, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

This is a huge fact politically and culturally, and I'm surprised it's been omitted. Indochina was a French Colony, and the entire conflict in SE Asia after WW2 has this as its major root. Also, I'd imagine that the reason it became so developed in the 60s and 70s has something to do with Vietnamese people fleeing the violence in their country during the U.S./Vietnam war going on at the time.
 * If there is a source stating so, then this would be a great addition. WhisperToMe (talk) 03:13, 23 September 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:13th arrondissement of Paris


text:
Chamillionaire

Hakeem Temidayo Seriki (born November 28, 1979), better known by his stage name Chamillionaire, is an American rapper. He began his career with locally-tailored releases in the early 2000s, and signed with Houston's Paid in Full Entertainment to release the collaborative album, Get Ya Mind Correct (2002) with labelmate and hometown native Paul Wall. He signed with Universal Records in 2005 and released his debut studio album, The Sound of Revenge in November of that year to commercial success. It was supported by the singles "Ridin'" (featuring Krayzie Bone)—which peaked atop the Billboard Hot 100 and won a Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group—and "Turn It Up" (featuring Lil' Flip). His second album, Ultimate Victory (2007) was met with continued success; it became notable for its lack of profanity and lead single "Hip Hop Police" (featuring Slick Rick)—as well as its accompanying music video. His pop rap 2009 single, "Good Morning" peaked within the top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100 was intended to lead his third album Venom, which was ultimately never released.

In 2011, Chamillionaire left Universal Records and released his first independent extended play (EP), Ammunition in March 2012. His second EP, Elevate, was released in February 2013, followed by his third, Reignfall in July of that year. Prior, he released the mixtape series Mixtape Messiah from 2004 to 2009.

He was the founder the Color Changin' Click, which was formed in 2001 and disbanded in 2005. Chamillionaire founded Chamillitary Entertainment in 2004. He joined Los Angeles–based venture capital firm Upfront Ventures in 2015, and has since focused on numerous entrepreneurial and business endeavors. He co-created the social media app, Convoz, in January 2018.

Early life
Chamillionaire was born to a Muslim Yoruba father and an African-American Christian mother in Washington D.C., and moved to Houston, Texas at the age of four. Chamillionaire's parents separated in his early teenage years. He settled into the Acres Homes neighborhood of northwest Houston. He attended Jersey Village High School alongside rap partner Paul Wall.

Rap and other forms of secular music, which his parents had highly opposed in their household, became very appealing to Chamillionaire, who was still in his teens at the time. Chamillionaire has stated that he was inspired by southern rap acts such as the Geto Boys, 8 Ball & MJG, and UGK, as well as other national acts such as N.W.A and Public Enemy. At a young age, Chamillionaire, along with fellow rap music artist and childhood friend Paul Wall, had decided to make music their careers. Chamillionaire has a brother, who is three years younger than him, Rasaq Seriki, who is also an occasional rapper and a past member of The Color Changin' Click.

1998–2004: Career beginnings
Seriki's stage name Chamillionaire is a portmanteau of "chameleon" and "millionaire" While promoting at an event, Seriki and fellow rapper Paul Wall met Michael "5000" Watts, a popular mixtape DJ from northern Houston. After proposing to do promotions for Watts's company Swishahouse, Chamillionaire and Paul Wall came to Watts's studio and convinced Watts to allow them to freestyle on an intro to Watts's radio show on Houston hip-hop radio station KBXX-FM. Watts, who himself was convinced to rap on the record, enjoyed the freestyle so much that he put the verses on one of his mixtapes. Soon, Seriki (performing as Chamillionaire) and Paul Wall became regular staples on Houston's mixtape circuit, appeared on several of Watts's mixtapes, and became permanent members of Swishahouse. Chamillionaire and Paul Wall soon started their own group, The Color Changin' Click. In 2002, Chamillionaire and Paul Wall collaborated for the album Get Ya Mind Correct, which went on to sell over 150,000 copies. The Source magazine nominated the album for independent album of the year in 2002. Chamillionaire and the Color Changin' Click, dubbed "Houston's answer to 50 Cent and his G-Unit posse", performed at the SXSW music festival in 2004.

2005–2006: The Sound of Revenge
Chamillionaire's first major solo release The Sound of Revenge was released through Chamillitary Entertainment and Universal Records on November 22, 2005. The album debuted and peaked at number 10 on the Billboard 200 album chart in the United States. The album's lead single was "Turn It Up", featuring Lil' Flip produced by Scott Storch, followed by "Ridin'", featuring Krayzie Bone of Bone Thugs-n-Harmony produced by Play-N-Skillz; "Ridin'" reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100. Its video also was named "Best Rap Video" at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards. In 2007, he won a Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for "Ridin'". He was at that time signed with Michael 5000 Watts' Swishahouse label. Comedic performer "Weird Al" Yankovic made a parody of the song entitled "White & Nerdy", for his own album Straight Outta Lynwood. The third single from the album was "Grown and Sexy".

Additionally, the bonus track "Grind Time" was featured in the video game NBA Live 06. The album was certified platinum by the RIAA, and a chopped and screwed version, screwed by OG Ron C, was released in February 2006. Guest appearances for the album included Lil' Flip, Natalie, Krayzie Bone, Bun B, Lil Wayne, Pastor Troy, Killer Mike, Scarface, singer Billy Cook, and his brother Rasaq. Chamillionaire won the Best New Artist award for the 2006 BET Awards

The second installment to the Mixtape Messiah series, Mixtape Messiah 2, was released January 5, 2006. Later in 2006, Chamillionaire was featured in the singles "Get Up" by Ciara, "That Girl" by Frankie J, "Bet That" by Trick Daddy, "King Kong" by Jibbs, and "Doe Boy Fresh" by Three Six Mafia in 2007.

2007–2008: Ultimate Victory
To promote his new album, Chamillionaire released Mixtape Messiah 3 as a prelude to his new album on July 18, 2007, at 11pm Eastern Time on his website. Chamillionaire released his second mainstream album Ultimate Victory on September 18, 2007. Ultimate Victory was made without a single profanity said by Chamillionaire. Guest appearances included UGK, Krayzie Bone, Lil Wayne, Famous (Lil Ken), Tony Henry, Devin the Dude and Lloyd. The first single was "Hip Hop Police", featuring Slick Rick, which both Chamillionaire and Slick Rick performed on the CBS television network program Late Show with David Letterman on September 14, 2007. The following single was "The Evening News."

Mixtape Messiah 4, the fourth title in Chamillionaire's Mixtape Messiah series, was initially set for release on December 18, 2007, but was released on August 27, 2008.

2008–2010: Final Mixtape Messiah, Venom, and Major Pain
In November 2008, Chamillionaire announced his plans for his third album, Venom, for release in early 2009. His sixth installment in the Mixtape Messiah series was to be a "prelude" to Venom. The first single from Venom was initially planned to be "Creepin' (Solo)", which featured Ludacris and ended up reaching No.1 on the Billboard Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart. However, it is unclear whether or not the song will be included on Venom after Chamillionaire canceled and then reinstated the album. He announced that Mixtape Messiah 7 would be the final installment of the "Mixtape Messiah" series and that he cancelled Venom to create different material for his third album. Chamillionaire awarded his final Mixtape Messiah 7 to 100 winners of a contest which he ran on his website. The first disc from Mixtape Messiah 7 was launched for free download on August 4, 2009, and Disc 2 was released on August 6, 2009. The next day, the Discs 3 and 4 were released for a total of 66 tracks.

On September 29, it was officially announced that Chamillionaire's third album would indeed be entitled Venom after a fan vote on his website. The first single from this upcoming album was titled "Good Morning". The album was scheduled to be released on June 22, 2010.

Chamillionaire appeared on the remix for Weezer's song "Can't Stop Partying", from their album Raditude. He also joined Weezer for live performances as Lil Wayne, who is featured on the original version of the track, was convicted on gun possession charges and was unable to perform. On December 11, 2009, Chamillionaire performed a set for "Fort Hood Community Strong", an event described as a day of "healing, fun and entertainment" for those placed at the Fort Hood military base who were affected by the shooting that took place on November 5, 2009, killing 13 people. Other performers at the event included Nick Jonas, Dana Carvey and Zac Brown Band.

On December 23, 2009, Chamillionaire announced via his YouTube page that he would be initiating a new mixtape, Major Pain, through his website on February 2, 2010. Due to the 2010 NBA All-Star Game taking place in Dallas, Texas, Chamillionaire released a new song, "The Main Event", on February 11, 2010, via free download. It features fellow Texas rappers Paul Wall, Slim Thug and Dorrough. "Every artist on the song with me has independent hustle and strength in the streets," he said. "It's an All-Star song, so what better place to shoot the video than All-Star Weekend, right here in our own backyard." It was later released to iTunes on June 8, 2010.

On Chamillionaire's official website, he stated: "Right now the Venom album is set for March 16 and has been pushed back just like Lil Wayne's Rebirth, Game's Red album, and countless other hip-hop albums that this happens to." The date was later pushed back to June 22, but was not released that day. Venom has been confirmed as canceled as Chamillionaire has parted ways with Universal.

Venom was later released on DatPiff in 2011 as a bootlegged mixtape made by the fans.

2011–2012: Departure from Universal Records and Playlist Poison
According to Kanye West's engineer and producer Andrew Dawson, Chamillionaire and Universal Records have parted ways. "I've been working a lot with Chamillionaire, because I produced some tracks for him. He got out of his deal with Universal [Records], which wasn't a good situation for either of them," revealed Dawson. "Him and I have an active producer agreement that is now null and void because they got caught in the legal shuffle, but I'm like, 'I just want the music to come out. Let's find a way to make it happen.' I was emailing him stuff back and forth when I was [with Kanye West] in Hawaii. Some big stuff will be coming out this next year, so I'm stoked to see it going." Chamillionaire also tweeted that he'll be doing a Ustream session on January 14 to discuss his future plans.

During his live UStream on January 14, 2011, Chamillionaire announced he was officially leaving Universal Records. As part of this deal he was not allowed to release Venom or any material recorded during that time. He was then working on a new series called Playlist Poison and released tracks on a random basis. The first Playlist Poison song released was "When Ya On" which featured Nipsey Hussle and was followed by "This My World" featuring Big K.R.I.T., "Charlie Sheen" featuring Rock D & Killer Mike, and "Passenger Seat" featuring Short Dawg. On April 18, he released the next installment in his Major Pain mixtape series, Major Pain 1.5 for free download from his website, and subsequently released three other mixtapes entitled Badazz Freemixes, Badazz Freemixes 2 and Badazz Slowmixes. Chamillionaire's eight song EP titled Ammunition was released for digital download on March 20, 2012, and all physical bundles were released on March 27, 2012. His third studio album, Poison, was initially announced for a 2013 release, but is still unreleased.

In 2012, Chamillionaire was featured on the track "Mayday" from the Krizz Kaliko album Kickin' and Screamin' as well as the single "Keep Pushing" from the Saigon album The Greatest Story Never Told Chapter 2: Bread and Circuses.

On the December 4, 2012, Chamillionaire released the single "Show Love" featuring D.A. of Chester French to iTunes. This was the only music video he released in 2012, although he appeared in the music video for the song "No Room in Hell" for the video game Dead Island: Riptide.

2013–2015: EPs, finalizing Poison
On January 17, 2013, Chamillionaire announced he had been working on a new extended play, stating that it would be one of many he would release to promote Poison. The seven-song EP, titled Elevate, was released on February 12, 2013. Elevate featured no guest artists.

Chamillionaire announced that despite leaving Universal, Poison was likely to be released through a major label, unlike the various promotional EPs. On July 23, 2013, Chamillionaire released Reignfall, his third EP. Reignfall would be his first project since his second studio album to chart on a Billboard chart. On February 13, 2014, Chamillionaire released his first single of the year titled "Watching Breaking Bad" featuring Tami LaTrell, in recognition of the TV show Breaking Bad. The single "Go Getta" followed on February 28 and "End of a Knife", produced by Kato, was released on March 21, 2014.

Since 2015: Entrepreneurial career, hiatus and return to music
Since 2015, Chamillionaire has been appointed as an entrepreneur in residence for Upfront Ventures. During this time he has given more focus to his entrepreneurial career than music. He was featured on one single titled "Sweet Dreams" by BeatKing in the same year. Chamillionaire released volume 3 of his Greatest Verses on April 3, 2018, which contained a collection of non-album songs recorded from 2007 to 2014. After a two-year break, he returned to music in 2017 where he was featured on Trae tha Truth's single, "I'm On 3.0". A music video for the single was released in January 2019, and was the first time in six years that Chamillionaire made a music video appearance. He was featured on the song "Diamonds in the Sky" by Big Pokey which also featured Texan rappers Killa Kyleon and Kirko Bangz and was released in September 2021. On July 12, 2022, he appeared as a featured artist again on the single "Been Broke" by Tobe Nwigwe alongside 2 Chainz.

Since 2010, Chamillionaire has stated his third album Poison is in the works. As of 2023, there is no set release date for the project.

2003–2005: Fly Rydes and Record Label
In addition to being a musician, Hakeem 'Chamillionaire' Seriki has embarked a business career and established himself as an entrepreneur in a number of industries. In 2003, he ventured into one of his earliest investments in a Houston-based auto dealer and car customization shop, Fly Rydes Kustom Toy'z. Chamillionaire's partner, Big Ernest, created the company years back, and Chamillionaire decided to collaborate with him to get "corporate money" for the business and build its clientele. Chamillionaire has since let Ernest take over the whole company, due to his career. He says; "Out here in Texas, that car thing is big. We'll do videos and rent all kinds of cars and people will waste all kinds of money on them, and instead, they can come spend that money with me."

Seriki founded his own record label; Chamillitary Entertainment. Seriki created the label after he had left his previous record labels, Swishahouse and Paid In Full Entertainment, as he was unsigned. It was distributed by Universal Records but has been independent since January 15, 2011, due to Chamillionaire and the label parting ways.

2006–2008: Masterpiece Mind Frame & Tour Bus Company
Seriki opened up a modelling company, called Masterpiece Mind Frame. He believes it is his way of giving back to those who have things to offer, he says, but do not know how to get there. "I will go out and see people and everybody wants to make money, and I will meet video girls who want to live the good life and all, but it is like, you gotta have a plan, you know?" Chamillionaire stated. "That is why it's called Masterpiece Mind Frame because in the word mind frame, your MIND comes before your frame. Print modelling can turn into movies and other stuff, and you can just step all the way up the ladder. It's like that with males and females, and if you're trying to go somewhere, just walk up the ladder, you know, and take it to the next step."

It is reported that Chamillionaire also owns a Tour Bus company. He founded the company in 2006 after seeing the business potential from touring around the US after the release of The Sound of Revenge as a rapper. In addition, most of the tour buses have internet, cable, studio, DVD, surround sound and a shower.

2009–2014: Maker Studios
Chamillionaire met Mark Suster in 2009, an American entrepreneur and venture capitalist who is a managing partner at Upfront Ventures. Chamillionaire became and invested in his online video talent agency, Maker Studios. On November 4, 2009, Chamillionaire also launched the Global Innovation Tournament 2009 at the Stanford Memorial Auditorium, Stanford University with Quincy Jones III as part of the Stanford Entrepreneurial Thought Leaders Seminar Series.

Seriki also invested Cruise Automation, a self-driving automation tech company, during its startup stage in 2013. This investment proved successful after it sold to General Motors for over $1 billion in 2016. The self-driving company includes features such as a kit in which customers can transform their vehicles to include self-driving technology.

On March 24, 2014, Maker Studios, Inc. agreed to sell itself to The Walt Disney Company for $500 million, rising to $950 million if financial milestones were met. Chamillionaire's investment in Maker Studios was $1.5 million and his payout was reported to be over $20 million. This investment forged a partnership between Chamillionaire and Mark in which Suster realised Seriki wanted to establish himself the tech industry. On April 14, 2014, Relativity Media submitted a competing bid of up to $1.1 billion, but Maker denied the bid. In December 2015, the company became a subsidiary of Disney Consumer Products and the Disney Interactive division of The Walt Disney Company. The Network also partnered with Fusion TV in a deal that falls under the corporate umbrella of The Walt Disney Company.

2014–2016: Upfront Ventures
Seriki has invested in Uber competitor, Lyft. He states that "Me and a few others like Big Boi from Outkast and Trey Songz were excited about the ride-sharing space," and that "This was around 2014, we started making the steps to get in touch with Lyft and did our investment in 2015." In a 2019 interview with CNBC, he told how he sees great potential with Lyft and even though the company went public in 2018, he is bullish on the company and will be invested in it for a long time.

On February 23, 2015, Upfront Ventures, the largest early-stage fund raised in L.A since 2000, confirmed that Chamillionaire was appointed as an entrepreneur in residence. A spokesperson for Upfront Ventures has stated that; "Chamillionaire brings a wealth of expertise in this area to the table based on his own years of employing successful tech and marketing strategies as both an independent music artist and later a label partner with Universal Records. Add to that he has quietly been a fixture in the tech world for many years: attending major conferences both as a keynote and audience member, making him a sought-after promotional partner, advisor and potential investor. It was in this capacity that he met Upfront partner, Mark Suster, in 2009, becoming one of the earliest co-investors in Maker Studios, now a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company." In a letter penned by Mark Suster explaining the week he's had at Upfront Ventures in Los Angeles, he explains the presence of Chamillionaire around the office. "The same Chamillionaire who was showing us how to get our respective shines on not a decade ago. But if Kanye has taught us anything, it's that we can find success in multiple creative outlets. In the past five years or so, Cham has been quietly but actively involved in the tech startup scene, from speaking on social media engagement in the music industry to hanging out with Y Combinator associates."

2017–2021: Convoz
Seriki teased that he was working on something bigger than music in summer 2017 as part of being an EIR at Upfront Ventures with a soft launch of the social media app. In February 2018, at the Upfront Summit, Seriki announced Convoz, a social media app which allows an influencer to connect directly with his fans. Seriki describes the app as a "the place where you go to talk to people." and the launch comes after he "just wasn't happy with the communication channels that are currently existing on social media." The app permits users to share 15-second clips, which are usually addressed to celebrities. The celebrities can then decide which fan or user they can reply to, individually or all to see. The startup has a total of seven employees, and has cultivated an undisclosed amount of seed funding from Greycroft Ventures, Upfront Ventures, 500 Startups, Precursor VC, Okapi Ventures, XG Ventures, and a roster of angels including Justin Kan and Snoop Dogg.

In May 2019, Seriki, in an interview with Yahoo! Finance, announced that they are going to invest $25,000 into a startup founded and managed by a woman or person of color alongside rapper E-40. The move came after it was published that Caucasians make up 87% of Venture Capital-backed CEO's and 97% of those positions are held by men. In September 2019, Seriki invested in Atoms, the first footwear company to come in quarter sizes. The investment was led by Initialized Capital, the investment firm started by Reddit co-founder Alexis Ohanian and Garry Tan. After seeing the success of his initial $25,000 investment pledge, Seriki and E-40 launched another, much larger, $100,000 competition for minority or woman start-ups. Shark Tank judge Daymond John and Republic.co also joined the team to narrow the search. The winner of the competition was Pierre Laguerre and it was announced in January 2020. His startup idea was "Fleeting Pro", a company that links certified class A & B drivers to trucking companies for scheduled, on-demand transportation needs.

Since 2022: Access Club
In May 2022, Seriki's tech company X Empire Inc. released the beta for the Access Club app, the private members-only social club was made for private investing and deals and gives members exclusive access to startups and companies looking to connect with people of influence.

Personal life
Chamillionaire announced through a video log that he has a son born on May 14, 2010. He points out that his son's name, Xavier, means "new house". Chamillionaire has stated that despite being a Texas native, he has always been a Los Angeles Lakers fan. He goes on to say that "I know a few people think I'm on the bandwagon because the Lakers are a hot team but I was on the Lakers when people wasn't really rooting for them."

On June 3, 2010, Chamillionaire's third mortgage property home was foreclosed on by the bank. The rapper told TMZ in a public video claiming to have given it back to the bank after paying just over US$2 million on it and claims it was a bad investment and he was never in it.

Feud with Paul Wall
On November 19, 2004, Chamillionaire's younger brother, Rasaq Seriki, was allegedly attacked by Paul Wall and his entourage at a nightclub. Chamillionaire expressed his disappointment in Paul Wall, arguing that they all used to be family and that these events should not have happened. Before the entire incident between Paul Wall and Rasaq they were all part of the group called "The Color Changin' Click" which now has become fragmented. Chamillionaire released a diss track with Rasaq titled "Go Head".

The dispute ended in 2010, when the pair reunited for a full tour. Paul Wall stated "It took a long time and us growing. You know, we started off as a group and a lot of times when you go your separates ways, a lot of people say, "Oh you can't do it without him" and so you wanna prove them wrong. I know for me, I wanted to prove everyone wrong and prove that I could make it on my own." Chamillionaire replied; "We had been bumping into each other a lot. It's kinda been died down for a little bit now but we just kinda needed that stamp of approval. I think the tour kinda just solidifies it for other people. It's not like today we just stopped beefing, we stop beefing a long time ago, but nobody believed us."

Discography
Studio albums
 * The Sound of Revenge (2005)
 * Ultimate Victory (2007)

Collaborative albums
 * Get Ya Mind Correct (with Paul Wall) (2002)
 * Controversy Sells (with Paul Wall) (2005)

Extended plays
 * ''Ammunition (2012)
 * Elevate (2013)
 * Reignfall (2013)

title: Chamillionaire


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Johan Gabriel Richert

Johan Gabriel Richert (24 March 1784 – 2 January 1864), Swedish jurist and politician. He was one of Sweden's most distinguished lawyers during the former half of the 19th century and is regarded as the father of Swedish liberalism. His thinking was mainly influenced by Benthamism, but Richert was also influenced by Kant. Richert played an instrumental role in mid-nineteenth century Sweden legal reform and he was a vocal proponent of the replacement of the Riksdag of the Estates with a unicameral legislature.

title: Johan Gabriel Richert