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The Armageddon Factor

The Armageddon Factor is the sixth and final serial of the 16th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in six weekly parts on BBC1 from 20 January to 24 February 1979. It was the last to feature Mary Tamm as Romana.

The serial is set on the planets Atrios and Zeos, and another planet in between them. In the serial, a nuclear war between Atrios and Zeos is nearing its end, but with Atrios losing. At the same time, the Shadow (William Squire), a henchman of the Black Guardian (Valentine Dyall), steals the time and space vessel the TARDIS, which contains the first five segments of the powerful Key to Time, and kidnaps Princess Astra of Atrios (Lalla Ward), who is the sixth and final segment.

Plot
The planet Atrios, ruled by Princess Astra, is losing a nuclear war with their neighbouring planet Zeos. Astra, on a tour to rally the injured troops within their safety bunker, is beguiled into seeking shelter. Soon after, while searching for the Key to Time's final segment, the Fourth Doctor and Romana arrive, encountering Astra before she is suddenly abducted. After some initial false accusations from the leading bull-headed military Marshal, the Doctor agrees to help his increasingly weak efforts against Zeos. The Doctor and Romana discover that there is another factor in the war, when Romana notices a control device attached to the Marshal's neck, the Doctor deduces there is another planetary object between Atrios and Zeos, and a skull-shaped receiver is found behind a mirror that the Marshal seemingly uses to meditate with.

The Doctor is abducted during an attempt to transmaterialise/transmat (teleport) to Zeos, and meets with the true opponent, the "Shadow", ruling over a space station called the "Planet of Evil". However, as part of the Shadow's stratagem, he releases the Doctor, hoping he will misstep in his search for the Segment. The Doctor transmats to Zeos, genuinely this time, reuniting with Romana, an Atrion officer, and K9. They all find that Zeos is deserted, its inhabitants possibly already annihilated, save for the giant supercomputer Mentalis, which is controlling the outcome of the war. K9 is able to communicate with it, and Mentalis declares the war over.

However, the Marshal seeks victory through his opponent's annihilation, and launches a single flagship offence to the planet. Mentalis detects the launch, and, unable to defend itself after surrendering, begins a self-destruct sequence set to destroy both Zeos and Atrios. The Doctor attempts to stop it, but it damages its central control after its perimeter defence is triggered. With a lack of options, the Doctor fashions an artificial stopgap Segment, and orders the Key to Time to shroud the Marshal's ship and Mentalis' systems in an imperfect deteriorating time loop.

Meanwhile, K9 is abducted by the Shadow and fitted with another control device. The Doctor's group reunites with Astra, seemingly escaped but actually made a pawn of the Shadow as well. With Astra's help, the Doctor pilots the TARDIS back to the Planet of Evil. There, they are all separated. The Doctor encounters another Time Lord, Drax, whom he last met at the Gallifreyan Academy. Drax, who is under duress, was employed by The Shadow to build Mentalis, but he agrees to help the Doctor, and also frees K9. The Shadow reveals he is an agent of the Black Guardian, and demands the Key to Time, threatening to torture Romana. The Doctor leads a servant of the Shadow, known as a Mute, to his TARDIS and opens the door, but Drax misinterprets the Doctor's plan, and shrinks the Doctor and himself, using a dimensional stabiliser from Drax's own TARDIS.

The Mute returns to the Shadow with the Key, and Romana realises why the Shadow needs it: Astra herself is the final segment, and from the Key's power, she transforms in front of everyone. The Doctor and Drax smuggle themselves into the Shadow's lair inside of K9, who pretends to be under the Shadow's control. Drax again uses the stabiliser to normalise themselves. In the confusion, The Doctor snatches the partially-assembled Key and the final segment, and escapes with Romana, Drax, and K9 into the TARDIS. They return to Zeos, and, with the false Key segment and the time loop both expired, narrowly deactivate Mentalis' self-destruct, but the Doctor also realises that the Marshal is still en-route. He quickly erects a shield around Zeos with the TARDIS, to deflect the Marshal's missiles towards the Planet of Evil, destroying it and killing the Shadow.

The White Guardian appears on the TARDIS scanner screen to congratulate the Doctor on finding and assembling the Key to Time, and requests that it be sent to him. However, the Doctor, catching onto the Guardian's blatant disregard for Astra's sacrifice, realises that it is actually the Black Guardian in disguise, and orders the Key to re-disperse, restoring Astra to life. Enraged, the Black Guardian threatens to kill him. In an attempt to evade him, the Doctor fits a randomiser into the TARDIS guidance system, sending it to an unknown location in time and space, leaving the Doctor with no idea of where they are headed, and the Guardian being unable to follow.

Production
The script for The Armageddon Factor was commissioned to the experienced writing team of Bob Baker and Dave Martin by the producer Graham Williams who wanted writers whom he could trust to write the season finale on time. The first draft of the script that became The Armageddon Factor was submitted to Williams on 19 December 1977. The mutually destructive nuclear war between Zeos and Atrios was based upon and was a criticism of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States. The Cold War always had threat of escalating into a Third World War which would ensure MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction) as nuclear strikes would destroy both sides at the same time. The story takes an anti-Cold War stance as it is suggested that the nuclear war between the two planets Atrios and Zeos is a pointless struggle that has caused the deaths of millions for nothing, which implies that Cold War is a struggle that endangers all life on earth for no good reason. The original script made the pacifistic message more clear as the nuclear war between the two planets was caused by misunderstandings in turn caused by a disastrous shift in the orbits of both Zeos and Atrios while the Shadow was more taking advantage of an existing conflict instead of causing it in the final version. The villainous character of the crazed militarist, the Marshal of Atrios, with his endless calls for victory no matter what the cost in human life, was based upon Winston Churchill. The story seems to imply that the sort of leadership provided by Churchill in World War Two was inappropriate for the Cold War given the threat of MAD. The Armageddon Factor has a strong critique of militarism as the Doctor says upon seeing the computer Mentalis "that's the way these military minds work", which he labels "the Armageddon factor". The underground base on Atrios was based upon the underground Central Government War Headquarters in Corsham, Wiltshire that had been built in the late 1950s as the location for the British government to operate from if London was destroyed by a Soviet nuclear strike in the event of World War Three.

The original script called for both Zeos and Atrios to be populated with the villain known as the Shadow manipulating both sides while the character that became Princess Astra was the scientist Reina who been kidnapped by the Shadow years before. During the course of rewrites, the character of Renia was renamed Astra, was made a princess instead of a scientist, and was given a more promient role in the plot as compared to the original version. Douglas Adams, the incoming script editor suggested the idea of making Astra into the sixth segment of the Key to Time as a way to raise the stakes for the audience, saying that having the shadow of the Shadow being the sixth segment as written in the original version of the script was not engaging enough for the audience. To save money on the production, it was decided to eliminate the characters on Zeos which required less actors and make Zeos run by the computer Mentalis. In his 1960 book On Thermonuclear War, the American futurist Herman Kahn wrote of a hypothetical Doomsday Machine, which he described as a computer controlling a stockpile of hydrogen bombs powerful enough to destroy all life on Earth that would be set off at the first sign of any nuclear attack from another nation or if there was an attempt to disarm it. The Doomsday Machine that Kahn had described inspired the Doomsday Machine depicted in the popular 1964 film Dr. Strangelove. The success of Dr. Strangelove led to a number of films such as the 1970 film Colossus: The Forbin Project that featured computers threatening to plunge the world into a nuclear holocaust. The computer Mentalis seems to have been based upon Kahn's hypothetical Doomsday Machine.

The character of Drax was originally intended for the 1976 story The Hand of Fear and was envisioned as an eccentric scientist. The outgoing script editor Anthony Read rewrote the character of Drax to make him into a bumbling Cockney comic sidekick who was portrayed as the "lovable rogue" archetype commonly associated with British criminals. In British culture, there are broadly two archetypes associated with criminals, namely the "hard man" and the "lovable rogue". The original ending written by Baker and Martin called for the Doctor to break up the Key to Time, and Adams changed the ending with the confrontation with the Black Guardian to provide a more dramatic climax. Adams provided the title of The Armageddon Factor as a title appropriate for a story about nuclear war and MAD. Cyril Luckham who played the White Guardian in The Ribos Operation was expected to return for The Armageddon Factor to play the Black Guardian, but was unavailable, leading for Valentine Dyall to be cast instead. Dyall was cast as the Black Guardian because he was an actor associated with villainous roles in horror films and TV shows.

Production started in October 1978 and was in turmoil as Tom Baker fought with Williams over the direction that the show was going. Baker wanted veto power over the scripts, directors and casting for the other actors, demands that Williams rejected. Baker submitted his resignation during the production, but agreed to rescind his resignation after several meetings with BBC executives. Williams had wanted to fire Baker during the production of The Armageddon Factor, arguing that he played the Doctor for too long and he found him a difficult actor to work with. The BBC executives were able to negotiate a truce between Williams and Baker who both agreed to return for another season, but relations between the star and the producer remained tense. The model scenes featuring toy spaceships were shot on 27 October 1978 at the BBC Television Film Studios in Ealing. The scenes that featured the actors were shot between 5 November-5 December 1978 at the BBC Television Centre Studio 3 in White City. The romantic relationship between Lalla Ward and Baker that was to end with their marriage in 1980 began during the production of The Armageddon Factor.

Mary Tamm had become unhappy with playing Romana as she argued that her character did not do very much except being captured and decided to leave Dr. Who, and, according to one source, announced her decision shortly after completion of The Armageddon Factor despite Williams wanting Tamm to stay on for another season. In her own version of events, Tamm said she had already decided by the third or fourth story (The Stones of Blood/The Androids of Tara) that she would leave the programme, but that Williams did not believe, even at the very end of the season, that she would really leave. In a 2007 interview, she stated that she was willing to shoot a regeneration sequence to allow a smooth transition between her tenure and that of her eventual successor (Lalla Ward), but was not invited to do so.

Broadcast and reception
Paul Cornell, Martin Day, and Keith Topping gave the serial an unfavourable review in The Discontinuity Guide (1995), describing it as "a dreary end-of-season Oh-my-God-the-money's-run-out 'spectacular'" without subtle acting. In The Television Companion (1998), David J. Howe and Stephen James Walker wrote that The Armageddon Factor was "entertaining enough in itself, with some good direction by Michael Hayes and generally fine production values, but ultimately fails to tie up all the loose ends and leaves the over-arching plot strangely unresolved". They praised the Shadow but felt that the other characters were one-dimensional, and called the ending a "cop-out". In 2011, Patrick Mulkern of Radio Times stated that the serial "hugely disappoints, yet it's not an unmitigated disaster". He criticised the characterisation and much of the plot, but praised the direction and the Shadow. On the other hand, DVD Talk's Justin Felix gave the serial four out of five stars, saying that it "packs more of a wallop than the previous two stories" and had everything typical of Doctor Who. Felix also called it Mary Tamm's best performance. The American critic Keith Booker wrote that The Armageddon Factor was notably confused in its message as the serial has a strong anti-militarist message with its portrayal of nuclear war that has killed everyone on Zeos and killed nearly everyone on Atrios while at the same time portraying the universe as caught up in a Manichean struggle between evil vs. good, which undercut the pacifistic message. Booker noted that there was a contradiction between the serial's anti-war message along with its depiction of villains such as the Shadow who proudly self-identify as evil and who need to be resisted at all costs to allow good to prevail. Booker further criticized the confusing ending, which suggests that the White Guardian who sent the Doctor on his quest to find the Key to Time in The Ribos Operation had been the Black Guardian in disguise all the long and that the Doctor "negated" the whole point of his quest by promptly breaking up the Key to Time once he had assembled it.

In print
A novelisation of this serial, written by Terrance Dicks, was published by Target Books in June 1980.

Home media
Along with the rest of season sixteen, it was released on DVD in North America as part of the Key to Time box set in 2002, only available in Region 1. A remastered limited edition Key to Time box set was released in Region 2 in the United Kingdom on 24 September 2007. It contains more extras than the previously released US set. This remastered set was released in Region 1 on March 3, 2009.

title: The Armageddon Factor


text:
Talk:Face/Off

Gina Gershon
"Gina Gershon as Sasha Hassler, Castor's former lover and the father of their son." Father?..

Forward slash
"The first challenge one confronts with Face/Off is the curious, I might even say misplaced, 'forward slash' in its title. Are 'Face' and 'Off' separate talents that the title has on its résumé? Is there a choice between 'face' and 'off' that we, or one of the movie's characters, are asked to make? Perhaps 'Off' is a computer file extension of the program 'Face.' The slash is even more confounding given the dizzying array of character and punctuation marks one has to choose from. Was Face%Off considered and rejected and, if so, why? How did the slash win out over the altogether more approachable * character, or even the ^? I find it most likely that the slash was a later accretion by an ambitious promotions person trying to make a name for herself. 'I'm the one who put the slash in Face/Off!' one can almost hear her bragging, completely oblivous to the soupy haze of confusion she created."
 * —Michael J. Nelson, Mike Nelson's Movie Megacheese, pp. 45-46

Actually it is very simple, Woo put the slash in the title after others said that the movie may get confused for a hockey movie. "Dylan Porter"

 * Faces got slashed off, so it's a Face Slash-off —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.122.63.142 (talk) 18:27, 27 November 2007 (UTC)

Neutrality
The line "possibly the best chase scene ever filmed" strikes me as this authors opinion. If it's not simply a case of someone praising something he or she likes, can we see a source here, please? --Ryl 09:22, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree with Ryl, but not with Michael J. Nelson as the / is clearly present in the movie poster on the article. That one line has caused someone to put a NPOV dispute sign over an otherwise pretty good article. Dessydes 05:35, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Agreed and reworded. I've taken off the NPOV template, but I haven't gone over the article with a fine-toothed comb. --Grocer 12:31, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Castor/Troy
Throughout, Archer is referred to as Archer. Troy starts off being referred to as such, but then the article switches between Castor and Troy, in a slightly confusing way. Wouldn't it be better to refer to the character as Troy all the way through, like Archer? 212.108.17.165 14:01, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Castor Troy should probably be referred to as Castor through the entire article, as there are two "Troys" in the film. Referring to him only as Troy could cause confusion. Schoop 14:38, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

Biased review masquerading as disinterested article
Whoever wrote the original article removed a brief critical comment I added about a week ago. At first, I was astounded to find my comment deleted summarily; however, when I reread the original article, I realized that it is not really a disinterested, informative, professional article, but rather a puff piece masquerading as an article, possibly by someone connected with "Face/Off" and its continued financial success who saw my comment as a threat to that success. I note that a special DVD version of "Face/Off" is scheduled for release this year. While I understand that there's always a bit of an author's self-interest lurking in all articles, the article for this movie (I can't bring myself to call it a film) is steeped in unwarranted praise. Indeed, "Face/Off" has so much wrong with it from an artistic standpoint that my criticism was modest compared to what an intelligent, educated, experienced moviegoer could write.Cavan 16:09, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

As far as I can see, the comment was removed by 207.144.184.143, and I would feel he was probably right to do so. I'd check WP:NPOV. It's an opinion that the plot is silly, not a fact, and your paragraph was worded in such a way that it was clearly not neutral, but designed to criticise the film. Praising or criticising films is not what Wikipedia is for. If this is a commonly held opinion, you could word it along the lines of 'Despite its success, the film's plot has been criticised.' This would then require sourcing, preferrably with a link to a major review which mentions this. If you feel the article is unduly biased towards the film, it would be better to reword sections you feel are overly POV towards putting the film in a positive light into something more neutral. From a brief read, apart from the first couple of paragraphs, this article isn't too bad, though the first couple of lines could use work. Girdag 16:00, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Censorship
In the DVD releases, for some bizarre reason the bits with the switch blade are edited out. It is perplexing why you can show someone without a face, a serrated knife being jabbed into someones thigh, a child being shot, many men being shot and falling to their death, drug taking and an undercover FBI agent sucking on a drug dealers tongue, but, you can't show a switch knife!? Maybe this should be added here by someone else as I wont be able to do it from a non bias view. Maybe it isn't important... (thats what the FCC want you to think so they can continue their arbitrary and unwarranted censorship, I mean for christ sakes, its a DVD, if I buy it I want to watch it, what the hell are they doing disrupting the flow of the movie by arbitrarily taking parts out!?)

If u mean him giving the girl a switch blade, that is on the region 2 dvd I have. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Addistheman (talk • contribs) 20:28, 18 August 2008 (UTC)

Breaking up Plot
Someone edit it into paragraphs. It's a solid block of text.--Viridistalk 18:28, 4 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I've done a complete rewrite. Noclip 14:49, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Face-Off (Movie Poster).jpg
Image:Face-Off (Movie Poster).jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 08:11, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

GA on hold
I'm really in two minds about passing this one. Some small issues at first: the lead makes no mention about the plot, and I don't like cast names in the plot. The big issue here is the production section is tiny: I'll give you the benefit of a week to fatten it up. Alientraveller 09:11, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

I'm failing this due to production section. IMDb trivia is an unreliable, user-submitted source. Try to find actual news articles from IMDb or Entertainment Weekly. Alientraveller 07:56, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Off Soundtrack Cover.jpg
Image:Off Soundtrack Cover.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

Goofs
Can we get a cleanup on this? Do we really even need this section? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.114.50.187 (talk) 21:10, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

i agree. delete it all, i guess. 81.96.160.6 (talk) 03:25, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

BetacommandBot 22:13, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

Needs a Cast section
a cast section is needed for this article, less it face deletion! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 151.203.24.88 (talk) 18:31, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

Switchblade
That needs to be changed. Jamie recieves a butterfly knife (or a balisong) from Castor. When I attempted to edit that, it was imediately changed back to the incorect switchblade. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.130.16.104 (talk) 16:23, 30 January 2009 (UTC)
 * my apologies. I undid my reversion. Thingg ⊕ ⊗  16:24, 30 January 2009 (UTC)

Thanks for fixing that. I had noticed it a while ago but I always feel uncomfortable about editing wikipedia. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.130.16.104 (talk) 16:28, 30 January 2009 (UTC)

Plot/recap
"Archer is then taken to the hospital and his face is restored, with the exception of his chest scar — which served as a reminder of the loss of his son — as he doesn't "need it anymore", due to Castor's death."

My problem with this is although Archer knew Castor was in a coma, I would think that the REAL reason he didn't need the scar is that he gave Castor a loss almost or equal to his own when he dropped Pollux. 65.43.96.3 (talk) 17:32, 29 July 2009 (UTC)

"Though the time-period is never specified in the film and largely implied to be the present (...)"

Not true; Archer's son's grave is seen on-screen with the death taking place in 1991. Since the film takes place "six years later", the film must take place in 1997, futuristic tech and all. Habfan29 (talk) 03:22, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

 * These details have been excised to help rewrite the plot summary to better conform to WP:PLOT and WP:PLOTSUM. What I'm here to discuss is the edits/reverts of 118.93.45.94 to my edits regarding the plot summary. The original plot summary was bloated to beyond 1000 (far too long for 99% of movies), so I took the time to trim it down to around 770 words. I've retained major details and plot points and have excised or shortened most minor details (the scar, Castor's behavior as Archer, etc.).

 * What I am asking is why my edits are being reverted by 118.93.45.94 to the original, overblown, plot summary with no edit summaries added to justify the edits. (Deftonesderrick 17:51, 15 March 2010 (UTC))

 * User:202.156.14.103, if you could please explain why you keep reverting to a longer, more overblown, plot summary that would be great... especially since you don't write anything in your edit summaries. I have been trying to keep the plot summary to a resonable length without too many details, yet, like 118.93.45.94, you keep editing it back to the overblown version. Please give your two cents here and we can come up with a solution. (Deftonesderrick 16:51, 13 April 2010 (UTC))

This page is a complete mess
has this page been vandalised? Its full of incomplete sentences and random names of characters and actors, which make following the complex plot virtually impossible. Unfortunately its some years since I saw this movie and I'm not familiar enough with the plot to fix the article. Can someone fix it?The Yowser (talk) 09:37, 4 March 2011 (UTC)

Recent changes
This film is spy-fi,not science fiction.That's why let's call this film spy-fi. Bendybit 09:04, 1 July 2016 (UTC)

Spy-Fi (subgenre) is a subgenre of science fiction, so it makes no real difference here. Also this film was a hit in the 24th Saturn Awards which only iclude "science fiction, fantasy and horror film". To summarize:

 * One of its actors was nominated for the Best Performance by a Younger Actor/Actress award. In this category, the film was listed alongside the films Contact – Jena Malone, The Lost World: Jurassic Park, Mimic, Jungle 2 Jungle – Sam Huntington, A Simple Wish''. Most of which are science fiction films.
 * Two of its actors we nominated for the Best Actor award. In this category, the film was listed alongside the films Tomorrow Never Dies, The Devil's Advocate, Men in Black, and the The Postman. Among them only The Devil's Advocate is not a science fiction film.
 * One of its actors was nominated for the Best Supporting Actress award. In this category, the film was listed alongside the films Titanic, Scream 2, Tomorrow Never Dies, The Fifth Element, Alien: Resurrection. Most of which are science fiction films.
 * The film won the Best Director award among science fiction film. In this category, the film was listed alongside the films Alien: Resurrection, Men in Black, The Lost World: Jurassic Park, Starship Troopers, and Contact. All of them are science fiction films and all of them were considered inferior to Face/Off.
 * The film was nominated for the Best Music award. In this category, the film was listed alongside the films Men in Black – Danny Elfman, Contact, Commandments, Gattaca, Tomorrow Never Dies. Most of them are science fiction films, though Commandments'' seems to be a fantasy film.
 * The film won the Best Writer award for its screenwriters. In this category, the film was listed alongside the films Contact, The Devil's Advocate, Men in Black, Mimic, and Starship Troopers . Most of which are science fiction films, with the exception of the The Devil's Advocate.
 * The film was nominated for the Best Action/Adventure/Thriller Film by science fiction fans. In this category, the film was listed alongside the films L.A. Confidential, Breakdown, The Game, Titanic, and Tomorrow Never Dies. Most of them are known for their science fiction elements.
 * The film's make up artists were nominated for the Best Make-Up award. In this category, the film was listed alongside the films Mimic, Men in Black, Batman & Robin, Spawn, and The Devil's Advocate. About half of them are science fiction films and the others are fantasy films.

The awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films, which dedicated itself "to the advancement of science fiction, fantasy, and horror in film, television, and home video". It typically does not bother with most other genres. I think they are a pretty good source. Dimadick (talk) 20:46, 1 July 2016 (UTC) Face/Off have minor sci-fi elements,but this film is not science fiction film.This film was not nominated for a Saturn Award for "Best Science Fiction Film". Bendybit (talk) 13:47, 2 July 2016 (UTC

Again with "minor sci-fi elements". The entire plot of the film depends on highly experimental face transplant (which was considered medically impossible until 2005), body swap, and identity loss. These are far more common in science fiction that action films. As someone who has seen this film, I find your assessment rather puzzling.

Also your definition of genre disagrees with out sources and external links.
 * The Internet Movie Database lists the genres of the film as "Action", "Crime", "Sci-Fi", and "Thriller".
 * Box Office Mojo lists the genre as "Sci-Fi Chase" and includes the film in a long list of sci-fi chase films. From what I can see it includes science fiction films with action elements.
 * RogerEbert.com lists the genres of the film as "Action", "Crime", "Science Fiction", and "Thriller".
 * Metacritic lists the genres of the film as "Action", "Sci-Fi", "Drama", "Thriller", and "Crime".

So we are far from the only websites which considers this to be science fiction. Dimadick (talk) 15:12, 2 July 2016 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Face/Off


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hungarian composers

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy deleted by RickK (no content) --cesarb 00:41, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Hungarian composers
The author apparently wants to make a "soft redirect" from article space to category space. I changed it to a real redirect, but got reverted. As far as I know real redirects are unproblematic from an article to a category; the just don't work from one category to another. But is there any reason to have an article which only contains the word "See" and a category? -- Uppland 16:31, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete — The Composer page has links to several pages giving lists of composers by nationality, but this page does seem pointless with its current content. — RJH 17:26, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * No, there isn't. Delete. Either it's a list (in the article space) or it's a category (in the category space). --cesarb 17:32, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. "See" is not an article. José San Martin 20:01, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy deleted. No content.  RickK 22:51, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Chalford

Chalford is a large village in the Frome Valley of the Cotswolds in Gloucestershire, England. It is to the southeast of Stroud about 4 mi upstream. It gives its name to Chalford parish, which covers the villages of Chalford, Chalford Hill, France Lynch, Bussage and Brownshill, spread over 2 sqmi of the Cotswold countryside. At this point the valley is also called the Golden Valley.

Governance
An electoral ward in the same name exists. This ward covers a similar area to the parish but extends to the Brimscombe and Thrupp ward. The total population of the ward taken at the 2011 census was 6,509.

History
The remains, and known sites of many barrows indicate that the plateau area of Chalford Hill, France Lynch and Bussage has been an area of continuous settlement for probably at least 4,000 years. Stone Age flints have been found in the area as well as the remains of a Roman Villa. Several of the place names in the area are also Anglo-Saxon in origin.

The name Chalford may be derived from Calf ('Way') Ford, or possibly from the Old English cealj, or 'Chalk', and Ford (river crossing point). There were two ancient crossings at Chalford apart from the ford from which the village was named: Stoneford, recorded from the later 12th century, was the crossing-point of a track up Cowcombe hill on the line of the later Cirencester turnpike and by 1413 another track crossed into Minchinhampton by Stephen's bridge at Valley Corner.

Chalford Hill is a recent title for the western end of the hill: Its original name was Chalford Lynch. "Lynch" (lynchet in modern English) means a cultivated terrace following the contours of a hill. Chalford Lynch and its extension France Lynch originated in the late 16th century as collections of stone cottages many built illegally on the peripheries of Bisley common as the mill expansion in the valley outstripped accommodation space in the valley. Many dwellings in France Lynch and Chalford Hill only became legitimate at the time of the parliamentary enclosures in 1869.

The settling of displaced Flemish Huguenot weavers in the 17th and 18th centuries brought quality silk and woollen cloth manufacturing to the valley. Some say that they gave their name to the neighbouring village of France Lynch. It is more likely that the name comes from a non-conformist chapel, France Meeting that was displaced from the village in the valley to the Lynches above. At this point the Golden Valley is narrow and deep so many weavers' cottages were built clinging to the sides of the hills, giving the village an Alpine air. It is sometimes still referred to as the 'Alpine village'. As the paths on the hillsides were too narrow for more conventional forms of transport donkeys were used to carry groceries and other goods to houses, this tradition continuing until as recently as the 1950s.

Chalford expanded rapidly with the opening of the Thames and Severn Canal in 1789 and the village became one of the centres for the manufacture of broadcloth and badger pelt farms. Its wealthy clothiers lived close to their mills and built many fine houses which survive to this day.

Architecture

In common with other towns and villages in the area, buildings are generally constructed of Cotswold stone, with local fields enclosed by dry stone walling. The area is designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and the village itself is a designated conservation area.

Chalford is noted for two fine Arts and Crafts movement churches. Christ Church (Church of England) contains work by Norman Jewson, William Simmonds, Peter Waals, Edward Barnsley, Norman Bucknell, amongst other distinguished artists and craftsmen working in the Cotswold tradition. The Church of Our Lady of the Angels (Roman Catholic), Brownshill, by W. D. Caroe (1930), contains outstanding stained glass by Douglas Strachan. France Lynch, part of the civil parish but a separate ecclesiastical parish has a splendid listed church, St John the Baptist, built by George Frederick Bodley who went on to build Washington National Cathedral in Washington DC.

One of the most distinctive, and most photographed, features of the village is the Round House. It was built by the Thames and Severn Canal Company as a lengthman's cottage and is one of five along the Thames and Severn Canal. (The others are at Coates, Cerney Wick, Marston Meysey and Inglesham.) A notable feature is that access is by way of steps up to the first floor as the ground floor would have originally been stabling for a horse. Apart from a relatively short break in the 1950s when it was a museum it has fulfilled its function as a private residence, which it continues to do to this day.

Directly opposite the Round House is Chalford Place, a Grade II* listed building built on the site of the original home of the de Chalkfordes who are mentioned in documents as early as 1240. The house, formerly known as the Companys Arms, is one of the earlier houses in the valley. Built as a mill owner's house it became an inn in the 19th century. It owed its name Companys Arms to the East India Company for which the mills of Chalford supplied much of its cloth. It remained an inn until the 1960s when it reverted to its former name of Chalford Place. The house lay derelict for many years until it was recently purchased and is now being restored by the artist Damien Hirst.

Surviving mills in Chalford parish

 * St Mary's Mill
 * Clayfields/Ballingers Mill
 * Iles Mill
 * Belvedere Mill
 * Bliss Mills (Bliss, New, Mugmore, Spring and Wood.) Now part of the Chalford industrial estate.
 * Woolings Mill (including Sevilles upper mill.)
 * Smart Mill (formerly known as Stoneford, Bidmeads, Hoptons and Halliday Mill.)
 * Valley or Morton's Mill

The mill race of Ashmeads Mill remains; the mill itself was demolished in the early 1900s.

Notable former mill owners' houses

 * Brookside
 * Belvedere Mill House
 * Chalford Place
 * Chestnut House (Smarts Mill House)
 * Green Court
 * Old Valley Inn (formerly Clothier's Arms)
 * Sevilles House
 * Springfield House
 * St Mary's Mill House
 * Vale House

Listed buildings

 * Grade II*: Chalford Place, St John the Baptist, St Mary's House, Wing Cottage
 * Grade II: Baptist Chapel, Church of St Michael and All Angels, Christ Church, France Congregational Church and Hall

Modern Chalford
In February 2008, Chalford hit the headlines when a community plan to reintroduce donkeys as a way of carrying shopping up the steep, narrow hills became public.

On 5 September 2009 Chalford Community Stores allowed customers to purchase shares in the business. The store, which has been running with the aid of a volunteer workforce since 2003, is now affiliated with the independent organisation Co-operatives UK, making the share issue possible. On 4 March 2012 the store and the donkey were featured in an episode of Countryfile. The store prospered within the local church hall but returned to the High Street in May 2014 and now thrives in the former Seventh Day Adventist Hall. This was made possible by a second community share issue which raised in excess of £50,000 alongside a bank loan and various grants.

Notable residents
Notable residents include James Bradley, the third Astronomer Royal, who died in Chalford in 1762, and the 19th-century sculptor John Thomas. Henry Cooper lived in the village as a child, after being evacuated to Chalford during the Second World War. The artist Damien Hirst has a studio in the village. Lord Janvrin, former Private Secretary to Elizabeth II, maintains a house in the village and on his retirement was gazetted as Baron Janvrin of Chalford Hill, on 10 October 2007. The Public Relations guru Mark Borkowski lives at Oakridge.

Brownshill
The sub-village of Brownshill is home to the Monastery of Our Lady and St Bernard, a community of eight Bernardine Cistercian nuns. There is a sister community at the Monastery of Our Lady of Hyning at Warton, near Carnforth.

St Mary of the Angels is a small Roman Catholic church built at Brownshill in the 1930s with funds from two former nurses, Bertha Kessler and Katherine Hudson. The architect was W. D. Caroe, with windows by Douglas Strachan.

Golden Valley
The valley from Chalford to Stroud, known as the Golden Valley, is one of Stroud's Five Valleys; it carries the Stroud-Swindon railway (known informally as the Golden Valley line) and the Thames and Severn Canal towards the Cotswolds.

title: Chalford


text:
Livin' Like Hustlers

Livin' Like Hustlers is the debut album by American hip hop group Above the Law. It was released on February 20, 1990, via Ruthless Records; an advanced promo cassette version was released two months earlier. The ten track record was produced entirely by Dr. Dre and Above the Law and featured a guest performance from N.W.A on the track titled "The Last Song". In addition, Eazy-E served as executive producer of the album. It peaked at number 14 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and number 75 on the U.S. Billboard 200.

The album included two hit singles "Murder Rap" and "Untouchable", which both charted at number one on the Hot Rap Songs. The album's lead single, "Murder Rap", also peaked at number 41 on the Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales. In 1998, the album was selected as one of The Source's 100 Best Rap Albums Ever.

In popular culture

 * "Murder Rap" was featured in the 2009 film Pineapple Express & in the 2004 video game Grand Theft Auto San Andreas .
 * "Freedom Of Speech" appeared on the soundtrack to the 1990 film Pump Up The Volume

Track listing
All songs produced by Dr. Dre and Above the Law.

Sample credits
 * "Murder Rap" contains elements from "Ironside" by Quincy Jones (1971), "Hook and Sling - Part I" by Eddie Bo (1969), "Keep Your Distance" by Babe Ruth (1976), "Funky Drummer" by James Brown (1970) and "Sister Sanctified" by Stanley Turrentine & Milt Jackson (1972)
 * "Untouchable" contains elements from "Light My Fire" by Young-Holt Unlimited (1969), "Ironside" by Quincy Jones (1971), "Funky Drummer" by James Brown (1970), "Fuck Tha Police" by N.W.A (1988)
 * "Livin' Like Hustlers" contains elements from "Hikky Burr" by Quincy Jones & Bill Cosby (1971), "The Champ" by The Mohawks (1968), "Hot (I Need to Be Loved, Loved, Loved, Loved)" by James Brown (1975), "Comm. 2" by The D.O.C. (1989) and "The Big Beat" by Billy Squier (1980)
 * "Another Execution" contains elements from "Do Your Thing" by Lyn Collins (1972), "Good Old Music" by Funkadelic (1970) and "Afro-Strut" by The Nite-Liters (1972)
 * "Menace To Society" contains elements from "Let a Woman Be a Woman, Let a Man Be a Man" by Dyke and the Blazers (1969), "I Got You (I Feel Good)" by James Brown (1965) and "Once You Get It", "This House Is Smokin'", "Do You Like It" by B.T. Express (1974)
 * "Just Kickin' Lyrics" contains elements from "Hyperbolicsyllabicsesquedalymistic" by Isaac Hayes (1969), "More Peas" by Fred Wesley & The J.B.'s (1973), "Papa Was Too" by Joe Tex (1966)
 * "Ballin'" contains elements from "Why Have I Lost You" by Cameo (1977)
 * "Freedom Of Speech" contains elements from "The Message From the Soul Sisters" by Myra Barnes (1970) and "Funky Drummer" by James Brown (1970)
 * "Flow On" contains elements from "Move Me No Mountain" by Love Unlimited (1974) and "Paid in Full" by Eric B. & Rakim (1987)
 * "The Last Song" contains elements from "Baby Let Me Take You (In My Arms)" by The Detroit Emeralds (1972) and "Gangsta Gangsta" by N.W.A (1988)

Personnel

 * Gregory Fernan Hutchinson - lead vocals, additional vocals, producer
 * Kevin Michael Gulley - lead vocals, additional vocals, producer
 * Arthur Lee Goodman III - additional vocals, producer
 * Larry Goodman - additional vocals, producer, management
 * Anthony Stewart - additional vocals, producer
 * Eric Wright - guest vocals, executive producer
 * Andre Young - guest vocals, producer
 * Lorenzo Patterson - guest vocals
 * Michael Sims - additional vocals, guitar, bass
 * Andre "L.A. Dre" Bolton - keyboards
 * Brian Gardner - mastering
 * Donovan Smith - engineering
 * Helane Freeman - art direction
 * Peter Dokus - photography
 * Jerry Heller - booking

title: Livin' Like Hustlers


text: Talk:Livin' Like Hustlers

title: Talk:Livin' Like Hustlers


text:
Geneva Creek (Colorado)

Geneva Creek is a short tributary of the North Fork South Platte River, approximately 14.7 mi long, in central Colorado in the United States. It drains part of the Rocky Mountains southwest of Denver in northern Park County. It rises at the continental divide west of Mount Bierstadt and descends through a canyon to the southeast. It joins the North Fork South Platte from the north at Grant along U.S. Highway 285. The valley of the river provides the route of the Guanella Pass Scenic Byway between Georgetown and Grant.

The upper part of Geneva Creek is an iron fen, where iron oxide is deposited by mineral-rich groundwater coming to the surface. The area is within the Colorado Mineral Belt, and gold and silver deposits were mined nearby at the now-deserted town of Geneva. Natural springs add high dissolved concentrations of copper and zinc to the stream.

title: Geneva Creek (Colorado)


text:
User:Markaci/AfD calendar

TODAY :::2003 :: 2004 :: 2005 :: 2006 :: 2007 :: 2008 ::: 2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

title: User:Markaci/AfD calendar


text:
Dune (band)

Dune is a German electronic group known for songs such as "Hardcore Vibes", "Can't Stop Raving", "Are You Ready to Fly" and "Rainbow to the Stars".

History
The group was founded in 1995 by DJ Oliver Froning and producers Jens Oettrich and Bernd Burhoff (alias Plutone). The band's name was inspired by the science fiction film Dune, based on Frank Herbert's novel of the same name. They released "Hardcore Vibes", a largely instrumental track containing spoken words by Froning's niece, and a cover version of Rozalla's song "Are You Ready to Fly" as their first two singles, followed in mid-1995 by the group's eponymous debut album, released at Urban Records. An instrumental track from the album, "Can't Stop Raving", became the third single, augmented with heavily pitched-up vocals by singer Tina Lagao. All three singles reached the Swiss German and Dutch charts. Early in 1996, dancer Verena von Strenge became the group's main singer. The second album Expedicion, released the same year, spawned the singles "Rainbow to the Stars", "Hand in Hand", and "Million Miles from Home". The latter was Germany's anthem of the 30th anniversary of Star Trek.

In early 1997, Dune made a drastic change in musical style. Accompanied by the London Philharmonic Orchestra, the band produced a cover of Queen's "Who Wants to Live Forever", reaching second place in the German charts. They released a new album, Forever, with the cover of Phil Collins hit "Against All Odds", Sinéad O'Connor's hit "Nothing Compares 2 U" and Frankie Goes to Hollywood's "The Power of Love", but disagreements led to Verena von Strenge's departure.

The single "Keep the Secret", released on 20 April 1998, saw the debut of a new vocalist, Vanessa Hörster. The video of the track "Electric Heaven" was directed by Eric Will and shot on the Côte d'Azur in France. Both singles failed commercially, leading to the album 5, planned for release in August 1998, being cancelled. Another classical album, Forever and Ever, recorded together with the London Philharmonic Orchestra and previous vocalist Tina Lagao (performing here under the artist name 'Tina Lacebal'), was released on 23 November 1998 but flopped commercially.

At the end of 1999, the group reunited with Verena von Strenge and released the single "Dark Side of the Moon", which reached 49 on the German charts. The group began recording songs for an album titled Reunion. Dune recorded "Heaven", a cover version of A7's 1999 hit "Piece of Heaven", under the (false) impression that they had obtained permission of the original artist. However, prior to the single's release, A7 lodged a court order, alleging plagiarism. Dune were forced to cancel the release of "Heaven", and they could not release their album Reunion due to the court order. Songs that had already been recorded for the Reunion album, except for "Heaven", were later released on the album History. After remakes of "Hardcore Vibes" (2000) and "Rainbow to the Stars" (2003), the group quietly disbanded.

Oliver Froning later continued as a solo artist using the Dune moniker and since after 2014, frequently appeared as a DJ. In 2016, he released "Magic Carpet Ride", with vocals by Kate Wild. Froning's use of the Dune moniker is currently the subject of a legal dispute between him and Burhoff.

In 2017, the single "Starchild (First Contact – Chapter One)" was released, followed by "Utopia", "We're Alive" and "Turn the Tide" in 2018.

Members

 * Oliver Froning (1995–present)
 * Jens Oettrich (1995–2003)
 * Bernd Burhoff (1995–2003)
 * Verena von Strenge (1996–1997, 1999–2000)
 * Vanessa Hörster (1998)
 * Tina Lacebal (1995–1996, 1998)

title: Dune (band)


text:
Geneva Creek

Geneva Creek may refer to:

 * Geneva Creek (Colorado)
 * Geneva Creek (Texas), Texas

title: Geneva Creek


text:
Talk:New Iraqi Army

Article title change
This article should be changed to the Iraqi Regular Army because the term "new iraqi army is no longer in use".--Hypo 03:37, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I concur. Any objections? Zenosparadox 17:54, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

 * No objections, go ahead and do the change! Joakimekstrom 7 July 2006

Subject
-First this artcle should be called the Iraq Army -Second the other artyicle refrring to saddams should come under history of Iraq Army of military history of Iraq. - It should include the now new fact that former Saddam troops are now allowed in.

These are just suggestions I was going to change it unilaterally but people might object to that.

 * They sound like reasonable changes to me. Feel free to go ahead and make them. --Daniel11 23:35, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

"The New Iraqi Army's adoption of American made weapons can be seen as a strategic move on the part of American foreign policy planners. It will allow the U.S. to retain significance influence over the country even after the bulk of its forces have left. Reliance on U.S. technical expertise for its sophisticated weapons systems will ensure continued American military presence in Iraq as well as handicap the New Iraqi Army from using its newly acquired technology to initiate aggression against its neighbors." About this part, what weaponry do you expect the american's to be able to give? The american's only have large amounts of american equipment. The way this paragraph is phrased makes it sound like some american plot.

 * Yep, I agree here too. If you think of better phrasing, go ahead and put it in. --Daniel11 23:35, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

This entry is wrong in its entirety The vast majority of equipment does not come from the US. Refer to your own citation: http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Iraq.pdf The Russian/Eastern equipment in fact represents the majority of equipment. -All small arms are Russian(AKs, PKMs) or Austria (GLOCK pistols) -Most of the armored vehicles are Russian or Eastern Block design (T72s, T55s, BMPs BTR80, BTR94, MTLB, DZIK3) -Most of the Helicoptors are Russian design (Mi17).

Most other equipment comes from countries other than the US (Spartans from Turkey, Panhards from UAE, Recon aircraft from Jorden, Ravas APCs from South Africa, Preditor patrol ships from Taiwan) As a matter of fact, some of the "American" equipment was actually equipment donated to Iraq by other countries (M113s and UH-1 helicoptors are from Jorden). The only equipment from the US are the HUMVEES and ASV150's.

None of this equipment is sophisticated. They are all basic designs that have been around 20-40 years. Therefore none of it represent heavy reliance on outside technical support.

So, the entire paragraph is based on an incorrect assumption and should be deleted. Or if you want to keep the paragraph, it should say "Much of the equipment is Russian design, which can be seen as a strategic move on the part of Americans to minimize the training and maintaince requirements for the Iraqi army. Much of the other equipment comes from other countries. Little seems to be coming from the US" -CJR 6/1/06

 * This part of the article is several years out of date (the original plan was to have the entire Iraqi Army using a US weapons platform similar to many latin-american countries or US allies in the Middle East). Since quality information about this subject in particular is so difficult to find I decided to leave what was already in the article rather than cut it out and not be able to put something into replace it.  But yes you are right, pretty much all the weapons the Iraqi Army uses right now are from the Eastern Bloc type family presumably because 1.) they are cheaper 2.) Most Iraqis are more familiar with them --Hypo 07:36, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I've deleted that section of the article now since it probably is quite misleading.--Hypo 07:40, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Now Defunct
According to this testimony, CMATT and the New Iraqi Army are now defunct and the whole structure has been changed to combat the insurgency. Iraqi security forces' management is now being handled by the Multi-National Security Transition Command-Iraq.

http://reform.house.gov/UploadedFiles/Sepp%20Testimony.pdf

Change to Iraqi Army
The US Military no longer uses the term "New Iraqi Army" to describe the army of Iraq. Instead it is just reffered to as simply "Iraqi Army". This article should be moved to that title.

--Hypo 11:44, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

That term is a bit confusing, as the page of the iraqi army under Saddam Hussein is named like-wise. also, why should wikipedia be restricted to using US lingo? --User:Superknijn

It should use the US term for the army because the Iraqi Army is a US military creation. --Hypo 10:04, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

Alternatively, it should be called "Iraqi Army" because that's what it is. You don't hear it referred to as "New Iraqi Army" anywhere. Perhaps in part because it is no longer new. I believe the two should be merged, as the history of the Iraqi military includes the military both under Saddam and after his fall from power. (Else should we change Military of Serbia to "New Military of Serbia" (it is only several months old, having changed it's name due to the separation from Montenegro)? Zenosparadox 18:00, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

"New Iraqi Army" was the initial name used by the US military to describe the army that was being created from scratch after the disbandment of the previous existing army. It was called "New" to mark the difference between Saddam's army and the army that would be created afterwards, not because it was a new army--Hypo 18:16, 20 June 2006 (UTC).

USA army bias
I found the phrase 'Whilst US troops have the most sophisticated and up to date equipment money can buy' under 'lack of equipment'; this isn't neccesarily so, and surely isn't NPOV, as far as I'm conserned. --User:Superknijn

Its been changed now--Hypo 03:35, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

Sources for Citations
A lot of the citations that I have put in are directly from military or pro-military websites. These aren't really great sources for an NPOV article if you come across a fact and have a better source for the citation (such as an independant news organization i.e. Reuters), feel free to change it.--Hypo 18:32, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

First-hand sources are (1) Gov't of Iraq (2) MNF-Iraq. There has been a lot of speculation out there, e.g. globalsecurity.org... -- Joakimekstrom July 10, 2006

new template
It looks terible. Someone should get rid of that new template and replace it with the old one.--Fox Mccloud 16:38, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

Template for what?--Hypo 21:22, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

That big one that obstructs the reading of the first paragraph or so.--Fox Mccloud 21:43, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

September 19, 2005
The last sentence of this summary seems NPOV to me. '"The depletion of almost the entire Ministry of Defense budget due to corruption cripples the effectiveness of the Iraqi Army."' Any objections to deletion? It may have been a suggestion of The Independent, in which case it should be attributed as their suggestion, rather than a statement of fact. Zenosparadox 17:54, 20 June 2006 (UTC)
 * It might be POV but in reality a huge amount of money was stolen from the coffers of the army and it would be difficult to argue that it didn't have a major impact on the effectiveness of the Iraqi army. I put that statement in and am willing to take it out if there is some evidence to show that it didn't cripple the army.  This goes back to the main problem with this article  in general in that there are just too few reliable sources for intel.--Hypo 18:24, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

10 divisions outta < 120000 men?
the iraqi army fields 10 divisions out of 116,500 men? does that number not include rear-echelon types? to compare, the israeli army has slightly more men and fields, i believe, about 6 combat divisions. Mct mht 22:21, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

 * The 10 division does not include support units. These take a long time to develop. It was decided to first create infantry units to combat the insurgency and use the U.S. supply train to support the Iraqi units. http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=20&Itemid=11

 * ok, thanks. Mct mht 08:54, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Aircraft
As I do not know how to update the template on the right hand side of the screen the last count of the new Iraqi AF is 3 C-130 transport aircraft we gave them. Drew1369 19:10, 24 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Please provide a source and then I will happily update the table for you if you wish--Hypo 03:38, 26 October 2006 (UTC)
 * http://www.defendamerica.mil/articles/feb2006/a020106tj1.html 67.161.220.74 18:11, 16 April 2007 (UTC)
 * These aircraft belong to the Iraqi Air Force and as such, are not relevant to this article. Mention of the aircraft has already been added to that article--Hypo 06:10, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

Target numbers of units rising
http://www.state.gov/p/nea/rls/78589.htm from the article. I'm not sure exactly how this changes the 137,500 number. or 125,000 as I've heard it some places.

MOD Forces will grow from:

-- 10 Army Divisions to 13

-- 36 Army Brigades to 41

-- 112 Army Battalions to 132

-- Development of National Operations Center, National Counter-Terror Force, and National Strike Force

67.161.220.74 18:11, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

Do NOT delete older statistics please!
Simply use the "del" tags to show the reader that the information is obselete. In a rapidly changing and reference difficult topic such as this one, it is very difficult to find accurate and reliable statistics about anything related to the subject. If something is old, please keep it (stricken) on the page as a record so that people can compare the facts for study. If there is ever too many old statistics, they can always be moved to their own seperate page. It is always better to have more information to deal with than arbitrarily less because you think the article is too long. Thanks --Hypo 07:43, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

M16, M4
the iraqi army will get both m16 for soldiers and m4 for officers --Max Mayr 12:49, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:New Iraqi Army


text:
Sherbrooke City Council

The Sherbrooke City Council (in French: Conseil municipal de Sherbrooke) is the governing body for the mayor–council government in the city of Sherbrooke, in the Estrie region of Quebec. The council consists of a mayor and 14 councillors.

The councillors each sit both on the main city council and on separate borough councils, which serve a similar function for business that the city delegates to its boroughs instead of to the primary government. The city's smallest borough, Lennoxville, elects only a single representative to the main city council, and elects two representatives who serve only as borough councillors and do not sit on the main citywide body. In the three larger boroughs, however, only the borough's regular city councillors sit on the borough council.

Mayor

 * Évelyne Beaudin

Councillors
Elected in the 2021 municipal elections

* Borough presidents

title: Sherbrooke City Council


text:
Minnesota Historical Society

The Minnesota Historical Society (MNHS) is a nonprofit educational and cultural institution dedicated to preserving the history of the U.S. state of Minnesota. It was founded by the territorial legislature in 1849, almost a decade before statehood. The Society is named in the Minnesota Constitution. It is headquartered in the Minnesota History Center in downtown Saint Paul.

Although its focus is on Minnesota history, it is not constrained by it. Its work on the North American fur trade has been recognized in Canada as well.

MNHS holds a collection of nearly 550,000 books, 37,000 maps, 250,000 photographs, 225,000 historical artifacts, 950,000 archaeological items, 38000 cuft of manuscripts, 45000 cuft of government records, 5,500 paintings, prints and drawings; and 1,300 moving image items.

Since 2011, MNopedia: The Minnesota Encyclopedia, has been an online "resource for reliable information about significant people, places, events, and things in Minnesota history." The work is funded through a Legacy Amendment Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund grant and administered by the Minnesota Historical Society. The Minnesota Historical Society Press (MNHS Press) publishes books on the history and culture of Minnesota and the Upper Midwest with the goal of advancing research, supporting education, and sharing diverse perspectives on Minnesota history. MNHS Press is the oldest publishing company in the state of Minnesota and the largest historical society press in the nation, with more than 500 books in print. MNHS Press also produces the quarterly magazine, Minnesota History (journal).

History
The Minnesota Historical Society was established on October 20, 1849, as the fifth act of the Minnesota Territorial Legislature. The Society was established earlier than was common for historical societies in other states. As Territorial Governor, Alexander Ramsey recommended saving every newspaper published in the Minnesota Territory. Ramsey stated "the preservation by a community, of materials for the composition of its history, when a future time shall require it to be written, is a task not without its uses; and, when early commenced, easily accomplished." Charles K. Smith, the first Secretary of the Minnesota Territory, drew up the act and following the Society's charter, Smith and 18 other incorporators formally organized the Society on November 15, 1849.

Upon organization, the Society had no headquarters. The Society initially used the Territorial Secretary's office, hotel rooms, and store lofts. In 1855, the Society was granted a room in the Minnesota State Capitol. Enabled by an 1856 amendment to the Society's charter allowing the Society to own unlimited property, the Society began a capital campaign to fund the construction of its own building..

Daniel A. Robertson, former editor and proprietor of the Minnesota Democrat served as chairman of the building committee. Robertson raised $1,500 via the sale of sixty-two lifetime memberships to the Society in order to fund the acquisition of two lots to serve as the site of a building to house the society. On the expectation that fundraising would continue at a similar place, plans were made to begin a two-year building construction On June 24, 1856, the Society held a gala with invitations sent to scientific and literary guests from across the nation to celebrate the laying of the cornerstone of the building. The gala was reported in the Pioneer and Democrat as the "grandest gala day in the history of our city". Two weeks later, the building committee had exhausted their funds and passed a resolution to assess annual members five dollars in order to pay for the protection of the building foundation against winter frosts at the cost of $100. The society approved a search for an architect who could draft a structure that could be built for $15,000 or less. Following the protection of the foundation, work on the building ceased as the Panic of 1857 resulted in the impoverishment of many formerly wealthy Minnesotans.

The Society would continue to operate out of the Capitol until the Minnesota State Legislature appropriated $500,000 for the construction of a fireproof historical building via an act passed in 1913 and amended in 1915. The building was completed in 1917 and the Society finished the process of moving its collections on March 1, 1918. The building currently serves as the Minnesota Judicial Center. The Society moved to its current location, the Minnesota History Center, in 1992.

State historic sites
The Minnesota Historical Society operates 31 historic sites and museums, 26 of which are open to the public. MNHS manages 16 sites directly and 7 in partnerships where the society maintains the resources and provides funding. 6 sites are being held for preservation but are closed to public access, and five are self-guided sites with interpretive signage. Seven of the sites are National Historic Landmarks and 16 others are on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Seven sites lie within Minnesota state parks, and three are elements of the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area.

Document depositories
These publications are described in more detail in an online format (without the downloadable document formats available above), at the MHC's own Digital History Books page.

title: Minnesota Historical Society


text:
Talk:Swedish Trade Union Confederation

Untitled
It seems User: Jebur has moved this page from Swedish Trade Union Confederation (now a redirect) to Swedish Confederation of Trade Unions (but with a comment saying that it was moved to National Swedish Confederation of Trade Unions, that, confusingly, has been made into a redirect to the present location Swedish Confederation of Trade Unions (but has the edit history of the original article, suggesting that a subsequent cut-and-paste move was done to the present location, something frowned upon in Wikipedia policy).

Naming conventions (use English) says:
 * If you are talking about a person, country, town, movie or book, use the most commonly used English version of the name for the article

Although organizations aren't mentioned, the consensus on Village Pump and in specific cases seems to be that the same rule should apply to them. A Google test shows 878 hits for "Swedish Trade Union Confederation" and 580 for "Swedish Confederation of Trade Unions". A decisive, albeit not extremely wide margin. The case for "Swedish Trade Union Confederation" is however further strengthened by the fact that this is the form used on the organization's own Web site. The form also has the support of several important institutions, such as the International Labour Organization (see, for example, the list of country delegates for the 2004 International Labour Conference for an example of this). The Swedish Government also uses this form in the CVs of ministers (see, for instance, Hans Karlsson's).

It might be argued that Swedish Confederation of Trade Unions is a better translation (I personally think think there is no big difference), but this should not the main aspect in the decision. If it were, quite a number of articles on Wikipedia would be the subject of "move wars" between different possible translations. Also, whatever the arguments for a different title might be, my opinion is that it would have been a great idea to discuss them on the article's talk page first, to achieve consensus, rather than single-handedly deciding to move it, using (it seems) cut-and-paste, messing up edit histories along the way. Especially since there have been several different contributors to the article.

If no convincing arguments to keep the article at the present location are put forward, I will try to get an admin to move the article back to Swedish Trade Union Confederation, merging back its proper edit history. Alarm 16:38, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I moved it because, as you said, it's a better translation and a more grammatically correct form (shouldn't Wikipedia strive to use correct grammar in article names?). I'm pretty sure that the webmasters at www.lo.se would have used this form as well if only they were familiar with the English grammar. This is also the form used by its Nordic sister organisations (see Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions and Danish Confederation of Trade Unions), and also by all the other major Swedish trade unions (see for example Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees and Swedish Confederation of Professional Associations).
 * The reason that I couldn't use the ordinary move procedure, was that there was already an existing article with the name "Swedish Confederation of Trade Unions". An admin could always delete this article and move the old article back here, in order to keep the edit history. /Jebur 22:54, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The English articles on non-English organizations should be named according to whatever the organization calls itself or the most common name. In this case Swedish Trade Union Confederation is the obvious choice. Making new translations will only result in confusion, and a slight improvement in grammar can wreak havoc on consistent naming policies and the grammar is really not a problem in either translation.
 * The article should be moved back since the old name is supported not only by LO itself but by a Google-search, the Swedish gov't and ILO. Especially the last one confirms that the naming is by now an official international standard which would make wiki-unique translations rather awkward. Peter Isotalo 15:06, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for your support, Peter. Jebur, I'm not sure that "the webmasters at www.lo.se would have used this form as well if only they were familiar with the English grammar", as you write. It seems to me that LO has decided to use Swedish Trade Union Confederation as a standard form, not only on the web, and in absence of another more frequently used form this is where a reader would expect to find the article. Furthermore, your claims about what is correct and incorrect English grammar are not entirely convincing, considering the fact that a Google search for "Trade Union Confederation" gets 82,000 hits (which is more than "confederation of trade unions"). Even more importantly, you might want to check out (and perhaps move?) the European Trade Union Confederation, and their homepage. It somewhat undermines your argument, I would say. Also, note that if you can't use the ordinary move procedure, you should request a move at Requested moves rather than using cut and paste. / Alarm 16:18, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It's ok by me if you move it back. I've been in contact with LO and apparently they've used that form in english, which was also recommended by an english translator, for over 30 years. Sorry for the mess. /Jebur 14:57, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Ok, fine. I've put a notice at Requested moves and I hope we'll have the page back at its proper location soon. / Alarm 15:55, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I have fixed the page location, and edit history, for the most part. The article's history still shows the moves/redirects, but I think it's the best that's gonna happen, considering the circumstances. (for the record, I added a comment a few minutes ago saying that I had screwed the whole thing up, but then I realized I hadn't and finished the moves. just thought i'd mention it since it's in the talk page history). Lachatdelarue (talk) 18:17, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Edit history actually seems to be lost
Actually, to me it looks like the edit history is indeed lost - if I haven't missed something somewhere. I can't find it at this page (only the creation and one edit listed), nor in any of the three redirect pages pointing here. I don't know how these things are done but I suppose that the original version of National Swedish Confederation of Trade Unions (a redirect page both before and after the move back) has been deleted, since it was the one containing the full edit history of the original article, and now it does not. Is it possible to undelete the previous version? Since you, Lachatdelarue, effectively is the only one who know what you've done - could you perhaps ask a developer to help us out here, describing how you did go about this? / Alarm 21:59, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * When I left my comment, I could see all of the edit history. Now, though, I cannot, even though I clicked all the appropriate things to restore the deleted history (there's a link near the top of the history page for admins to do this). I don't know if my cache just isn't updating, or if the restore isn't taking. If the history is there, and I just can't see it, then there you go. If it's not there, you can ask another admin to try restoring the history. Lachatdelarue (talk) 15:13, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, it seems to be alright now. If you can't see the full history, click 100 (for view last X edits) and you'll see the whole thing. Lachatdelarue (talk) 21:39, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I can see it now, too. Strange that it didn't show at first. / Alarm 19:20, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Picture formatting?
What's up with the picture not being displayed?

Did the syntax change somehow? --CodeGeneratR 22:09, 29 December 2006 (UTC)--CodeGeneratR 22:20, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Apparently the format did change, since the following image did get displayed. Will fix this article.

title: Talk:Swedish Trade Union Confederation


text:
Clarke Hinkle

William Clarke Hinkle (April 10, 1909 – November 9, 1988) was an American football fullback and linebacker for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL), also playing occasionally as a placekicker and punter. He was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame as part of its second class of inductees in 1964.

Known as one of the toughest players in the era of iron man football, Hinkle played for the Packers from 1932 to 1941 and held the all-time NFL records for rushing yardage and carries when his playing career ended. He led the NFL in touchdowns (seven) in 1937, in points scored (58) in 1938, and in field goals made and field goal percentage in both 1940 and 1941. He was selected as a first- or second-team All-Pro in each of his 10 NFL seasons and helped lead the Packers to three NFL championship games and NFL championships in 1936 and 1939. His playing career was cut short in 1942 by military service.

A native of Toronto, Ohio, Hinkle played college football for the Bucknell Bison from 1929 to 1931. He scored 50 points in a single game as a sophomore and led Bucknell to an undefeated season in 1931. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1971.

Early life
William Clarke Hinkle was born in Toronto, Ohio, located on the Ohio River approximately 40 miles west of Pittsburgh, in 1909. He was the son of Charles Hinkle and Lillian Ault Clark, both Ohio natives. His father was an engineer and later a forger at a steel mill. Hinkle attended Toronto High School.

College
Hinkle played college football for Bucknell University, where he set several records for the Bucknell Bison football team as a fullback playing offense and defense. He scored eight touchdowns and scored 50 points in a game against Dickinson on Thanksgiving Day 1929. He finished the 1929 season with 21 touchdowns and 128 points scored. He had 37 touchdowns over his career at Bucknell from 1929 to 1931. In 1929, he led the East in scoring with 128 points. In 1931, he led the team to a 6–0–3 win–loss record. Hinkle's coach at Bucknell, Carl Snavely, called him: "Without a doubt, the greatest defensive back I have ever seen or coached."

Hinkle played for the East team in the East-West Shrine Game in San Francisco on New Year's Day 1932. He was the leading ground gainer in the game, and a United Press correspondent wrote: "If there was a single star in the long drawn battle of line plunges and punting it was Clark [sic] Hinkle of Bucknell whose stabs through tackle were a revelation in driving power."

While at Bucknell University he became a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity.

Professional football
In January 1932, after watching Hinkle play in the Shrine Game, Curly Lambeau signed Hinkle to play professional football for the Green Bay Packers. At the time, the Packers were the best team in the NFL, having won three consecutive NFL championships from 1929 to 1931. Hinkle played for the Packers for his entire ten-year NFL career, was selected as a first- or second-team All-Pro every year, and helped lead the Packers to NFL championships in 1936 and 1939.

As a rookie in 1932, Hinkle appeared in 13 games and led the Packers with 331 rushing yards on 95 carries. He quickly developed a reputation not only for his two-way play on both offense and defense, but also as the best punter in the NFL. The 1932 Packers finished second in the NFL with a 10–3–1 record, and Hinkle was selected as a first-team All-Pro in 1932 by Collyer's Eye magazine and as the second-team fullback (behind Bronko Nagurski) on the United Press (UP) and NFL All-Pro teams. He was hailed by Curly Lambeau at the end of the 1932 season as a second Jim Thorpe, and by some critics as "the greatest football player in the world today."

After spending the off-season working for a steel construction firm in his home town of Toronto, Ohio, Hinkle returned to Green Bay in September 1933. In his second NFL season, Hinkle again led the team with 413 rushing yards, but the Packers' record fell to 5–7–1, the only losing season suffered by the Packers in their first 25 years in the NFL. Despite the team's poor showing, Hinkle was selected as a second-team All-Pro by the UP, Chicago Daily News, and Green Bay Press-Gazette.

Hinkle presented a rare combination of power, speed, and accurate kicking. In 1937, he led the NFL with seven touchdowns and ranked second with 552 rushing yards. In 1938, he led the NFL in scoring with 58 points scored on seven touchdowns, seven extra points, and three field goals. He led the NFL in field goals and field goal percentage in both 1940 and 1941. He also continued to excel as a punter, ranking second in the NFL in punting yards in 1939 and averaging 44.5 yards per punt in 1941.

Hinkle's playing career was cut short after the 1941 season by wartime military service. He began his NFL career in 1932 at a salary of $5,000 and had his salary cut during the Great Depression, then restored to $5,000 in the late 1930s. He held out for and received $10,000 in his final season. He finished his career with 3,860 rushing yards, 537 receiving yards, 316 passing yards, and 379 points scored on 44 touchdowns, 28 field goals, and 31 extra points.

Reputation for toughness
Hinkle loved the intense physicality of football. According to one account, "Clark Hinkle loved contact. It didn't matter which side of the ball he was coming from, Hinkle loved delivering blows." Ken Strong, another Hall of Fame back of the era, remembered the force of Hinkle's tackles: "When he hit you, you knew you were hit. Bells rang and you felt it all the way to your toes." Another back, Johnny Sisk, said: "No one in the whole league ever bruised me more than Hinkle did. . . . Hinkle had a lot of leg action. I broke my shoulder twice tackling Mr. Hinkle."

Hinkle's competition with Chicago Bears fullback Bronko Nagurski was especially memorable. Hinkle was the only player to knock Nagurski out of a game, and according to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, Hinkle's "creed was 'get to the Bronk before he gets to me.'" Hinkle cited a 1934 collision with Nagurski as his greatest day in football. He recalled: "I was carrying the ball and Nagurski charged in to make the tackle. WHAM! We banged into each other. Nagurski had to be removed from the game with a broken nose and two closed eyes. Strangely enough, I suffered no ill effects and was able to continue playing." Nagurski later called Hinkle the "toughest man I ever played against." In the book, "Pain Gang: Pro Football's Fifty Toughest Players", Neil Reynolds included both Hinkle and Nagurski on his list of the toughest players in the history of the game.

Hinkle's toughness remained to the end. On November 2, 1941, in his final game against the Chicago Bears, Hinkle had his leg torn open by an opponent's spike but returned late in the game to kick a game-winning field goal from the 44-yard line.

Honors and records
When Hinkle's playing career ended, he held NFL career records with 3,860 rushing yards and 1,171 carries. He surpassed the old record of 3,511 rushing yards held by Cliff Battles. Hinkle's rushing yardage record stood until 1949 when it was broken by Steve Van Buren.

Hinkle received multiple honors and awards arising out of his accomplishments as a football player, including the following:
 * In 1950, he was one of the 25 inaugural inductees into the Helms Athletic Foundation's professional football hall of fame.
 * In 1957, he was selected as the fullback on the All-Time Packer Team.
 * In 1964, he was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame as part of its second induction class.
 * In 1969, he was named to the NFL 1930s All-Decade Team.
 * In 1971, he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.
 * In 1972, he was inducted into the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame.
 * In 1979, he was inducted into the Bucknell Hall of Fame.
 * In 1985, Toronto High School named its "Clarke Hinkle Stadium" in his honor.
 * In 1994, he was named to the NFL's 75th Anniversary All-Time Two Way Team.
 * In 1997, the Packers' west practice field across Oneida Street from Lambeau Field was dedicated as "Clarke Hinkle Field".
 * In 2013, a bronze tribute statue to Clarke Hinkle was unveiled on the Packers Heritage Trail in Green Bay. Sculptor Gary Tillery created the work.

Family, military service, and later years
Hinkle's older brother Gordie Hinkle played minor league baseball as a catcher from 1930 to 1941 and for the Boston Red Sox in 1934.

In December 1936, Hinkle was married in New York to Emilie Cobden. His marriage ended immediately after World War II owing to difficulty readjusting to civilian life, causing Hinkle to, in his own words "get off the beam a little bit" and go "a little haywire." After his divorce, Hinkle married again, but the union lasted only 33 days.

In May 1942, following the United States entry into World War II, Hinkle enlisted in the United States Coast Guard and received the rank of lieutenant. In the fall of 1942, he served as an assistant football coach at the United States Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut. He also played five games for New London's professional Electric Boat Diesel football team. He later served on convoy duty in the North African Campaign and as an air-sea rescuer off Newfoundland.

Hinkle was discharged from the Coast Guard in 1946 and began working for Kimberly-Clark in Neenah, Wisconsin. He later lived in Steubenville, Ohio, working as a sales representative for an industrial supply company. He also worked in the late 1960s as a sports desk anchor for an Ohio television station. He was the head coach for the Toronto Tigers, a semi-professional football team, in 1962. He died in Steubenville in 1988 at age 79 following a long illness. He was buried at Toronto Union Cemetery in Toronto, Ohio.

title: Clarke Hinkle


text:
Talk:Scottish Saltires in 2005

Should this not be included in a general article about the 'Scottish Saltires' rather than have one for a specified year --Doc Glasgow 16:39, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This article will ultimately include comment on each of the Saltires matches in the totesport League and ICC Intercontinental Cup, and on how they fare in the ICC Trophy. So the commentary on 2005 will get too long for the (currently non-existant) article on the Scottish Saltires. When it gets written, that article will encompass more than just the 2005 season. Kind regards, jguk 17:52, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Scottish Saltires in 2005


text:
The Leisure Hive

The Leisure Hive is the first serial of the 18th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts on BBC1 from 30 August to 20 September 1980. It marks the return of John Leeson as the voice of K9.

In the serial, a criminal organisation of alien Foamasi, called the West Lodge, attempt to buy the planet Argolis from the Argolin people there as a West Lodge base. Meanwhile, the young Argolin Pangol (David Haig) seeks to start a war against the Foamasi, to whom his people had previously lost, with an army made of clones of himself.

Plot
The Fourth Doctor and Romana's holiday in Brighton ends abruptly when K9 chases a ball, takes in seawater, and explodes. They instead venture to the Leisure Hive of Argolis, a holiday complex and message of peace built by surviving Argolins after their devastating 20-minute war with the Foamasi forty years earlier. They arrive at a point of crisis: the Leisure Hive is facing bankruptcy (because of falling tourist trade due to stiff competition from other leisure planets) and the Argolins' Earth agent, Brock, and his lawyer Klout have arrived bearing an offer to buy the planet outright. However, the offer is from the Foamasi, the only species that could live on the planet's radiation-infused surface, and the Argolin board will not consider it. The shock of events causes Board Chairman Morix's rapid death – from the Argolin war curse of advanced cellular degradation – and his consort Mena is declared the new Chairman. The Doctor is intrigued by the manipulation of tachyons in the Hive’s Tachyon Recreation Generator, which is the main tourist attraction and can duplicate and manipulate organic matter. He witnesses a human tourist being killed after it is sabotaged in the latest of a series of such acts.

When Mena returns to Argolis, her body clock begins to speed up, a side-effect of the radiation-heavy atmosphere. Earth scientist Hardin has been brought to Argolis to help her and her people by using time experiments to rejuvenate a people rendered sterile by the war. Recognising their value as scientists, Mena, instead of confining them, engages the Doctor and Romana to help Hardin with his work. The time travellers know Hardin has been faking his work, but Romana feels that the experiments should have worked.

After discovering a skin of Klout in a wardrobe, Stimson, Hardin's financier, who travelled with him and persuaded him to fake the demonstrations, is brutally murdered and the Doctor is blamed. He is put on trial while Romana and Hardin perfect the time experiments. Just in time, they succeed and are able to bargain for the Doctor's freedom. However, after they leave, the hourglass of their experiment shatters. Due to her worsening condition, Mena volunteers to be the first guinea pig to test the time experiment, but the Doctor is selected instead. The machine malfunctions while he is inside and he emerges – having aged 500 years – an old man with flowing white hair. Mena's son, Pangol, the most warlike and vindictive of the Argolins, orders that the Doctor and Romana be confined. Hardin later frees them, which is when the slower-witted Doctor notices something odd about the name Recreation Chamber. Romana sees it too, eventually: recreation is re-creation, the repeated creation of things or people.

Sneaking back to the Recreation Room, the trio discover a group of Argolins, led by Pangol, performing dangerous experiments in order to perfect a secret project, under the guise of entertainment. Meanwhile, Brock and Klout bring a new offer from a mysterious organisation called West Lodge. It is then, while tearing up the offer, that Pangol reveals the secret of his past and the reason he is the only young Argolin in the Hive. He was the only successful, undeformed child from a cloning experiment meant to save the Argolin using the Recreation Generator. But, driven insane by hatred of the Foamasi and a xenophobic fear of all aliens, he lusts for a war-forged empire like that of their ancestor Theron (who started the war and doomed the Argolins to extinction). He needs an alien witness to his taking Mena's place after her death, and to the beginning of "New Argolis".

The Doctor, Romana, and Hardin find Foamasi agents in the Hive and escort them to the council chamber, where the agents reveal Brock and Klout to be Foamasi impersonators. The lead agent reveals West Lodge to be a criminal group who need Argolis as a base of operations. With the leader, Brock, captured, the organisation is doomed to fold and the Foamasi prepare to take the rogues for trial. Pangol refuses to let them pass, and takes up the Helmet of Theron (a sacred symbol for Argolins and a reminder to espouse peace and understanding) and rallies the Argolins to his cause. The Doctor, seeing what he is up to, takes the Randomiser from the TARDIS and attaches it to the Recreation Chamber, hoping to destabilise the mechanism.

Romana tries to dissuade Pangol from using the Generator, but fails. The Foamasi shuttle tries to leave and is destroyed by Pangol, who dons the Helmet of Theron and uses the Generator to create an army of Tachyon replicas, in order to rebuild the Argolin race. He orders that Romana be put outside, while Hardin finds Mena dying and carries her to the Generator room. As Romana is taken, the clones are revealed to be merely tachyon images of a rejuvenated Doctor built up in a FIFO stack; first in, first out. She and the first Doctor to emerge (the real one) return to the Generator Room, where Hardin has put Mena into the Recreation Generator.

Pangol, enraged that the Doctor has foiled his attempt to create an army, reenters the Generator, which closes behind him. The Doctor reveals that he set the machine to "rejuvenate", and it cannot be stopped. Pangol and Mena seem to be merging, so the Doctor grabs the Helmet of Theron and throws it into the visualising crystal, stopping the mechanism. Mena exits rejuvenated, holding Pangol, who has regressed to a baby. The Foamasi agents reappear, revealing that the West Lodge criminals tried to escape in the shuttle (so, in the words of the Doctor "Brock and Klout are kaput"). Against Romana's advice, the Doctor leaves the Argolins and Foamasi to make up and the Randomiser attached to the Recreation Generator (thus leaving the TARDIS vulnerable to the Black Guardian).

Production
Working titles for this story included The Argolins and Avalon. Writer David Fisher conceived of the Foamasi as a race of criminals. "Foamasi" is a near-anagram of "mafioso". The episode was written as a satire of the decline of tourism in the United Kingdom in the 1970s. The alien costume used for the Foamasi was later reused in the 1981 BBC The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy as the leader of the G'Gugvuntt.

A new TARDIS prop is introduced in this episode which replaces the one used since The Masque of Mandragora (1976). This prop would be used right until the end of the original series' production in 1989. The Randomiser, which had been introduced in The Armageddon Factor, was ditched in Part Four of this story. This was also the first story to use the Quantel DPE 5000 digital image processing system. Filming on the story ran badly over budget. The opening sequence on Brighton beach is John Nathan-Turner's paean to Visconti's celebrated 1971 feature film, Death in Venice.

Format changes
This was the first Doctor Who story which John Nathan-Turner produced. Nathan-Turner was keen to get away from what he considered the excessive silliness of recent Doctor Who stories, and wanted to increase the series' production values, because he felt that they were poor when compared with glossy American science-fiction series. Among the changes Nathan-Turner instituted was the scaling back of K9's appearances (the unit is out of commission for most of this serial), eventually writing the character out in Warriors' Gate. Nathan-Turner would produce Doctor Who until 1989.

In a further attempt to update the image of the series, the original 1963 Delia Derbyshire arrangement of the theme music was replaced by a more contemporary-sounding arrangement by Peter Howell, and a new, '80s-styled neon tubing logo (which was en vogue at the time) designed by Sid Sutton replaced the diamond logo most associated with the Fourth Doctor. The updated title sequence is most associated with the Fifth Doctor.

Tom Baker, Lalla Ward, Barry Letts, and Christopher H. Bidmead all protested against John Nathan-Turner's decision to add question-marks to Baker's shirts, arguing that it was gimmicky. Baker in particular was unhappy with it and told Nathan-Turner that it was "annoying, absurd, and ridiculous", while Bidmead later called it "a silly, quite absurd gimmick really". Bidmead, who found working with Tom Baker "difficult to say the very least", supposedly told Baker and Nathan-Turner during recording of The Leisure Hive that exclamation marks would have been more appropriate for Baker's shirts. The Seventh Doctor Sylvester McCoy would later protest against his question-mark adorned jumper in similar terms, but the question-mark motif would remain until the end of the classic series in 1989. Baker also disliked his new scarf, requesting that his old multi-coloured one be re-instated, but expressed gratitude to costume designer June Hudson for refusing to adhere to Nathan-Turner's demands to ditch the trademark scarf altogether and managing to find a compromise.

The show's stars took exception to many of John Nathan-Turner's other changes as well, with Tom Baker and Lalla Ward criticising the change in theme music and opening titles. Baker also criticised the new synthesised incidental music, comparing it unfavourably to Dudley Simpson's earlier scores. Ward later complained that Nathan-Turner had "removed all the lovely humour", while Baker said that he wanted the scripts to improve and regain some of the quality of the Philip Hinchcliffe era, as he felt that the quality of the scripts and storylines had declined under Graham Williams. He later said that he felt such improvements did not by and large occur, and that most of Nathan-Turner's changes were either cosmetic or misguided. Many of the new special effects introduced in this story were never used again to the extent on display here.

Cast notes
Laurence Payne had previously played Johnny Ringo in The Gunfighters (1966) and later played Dastari in The Two Doctors (1985). Nigel Lambert would later voice the 'Priest Triangle' in "War of the Sontarans" and "Once, Upon Time".

In print
David Fisher's novelisation was published by Target Books in July 1982. It keeps many elements of the original script that were intended as a spoof on the Mafia. The original name of Argolis is given as Xbrrrm.

Home media
The Leisure Hive was released on VHS in January 1997, on DVD in July 2004, and as part of the Doctor Who DVD Files (issue 98) in October 2012. Peter Howell's incidental music was released as part of the compilation album Doctor Who at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop Volume 3: The Leisure Hive in 2002.

title: The Leisure Hive