text:
Fatty alcohol

Fatty alcohols (or long-chain alcohols) are usually high-molecular-weight, straight-chain primary alcohols, but can also range from as few as 4–6 carbons to as many as 22–26, derived from natural fats and oils. The precise chain length varies with the source. Some commercially important fatty alcohols are lauryl, stearyl, and oleyl alcohols. They are colourless oily liquids (for smaller carbon numbers) or waxy solids, although impure samples may appear yellow. Fatty alcohols usually have an even number of carbon atoms and a single alcohol group (–OH) attached to the terminal carbon. Some are unsaturated and some are branched. They are widely used in industry. As with fatty acids, they are often referred to generically by the number of carbon atoms in the molecule, such as "a C12 alcohol", that is an alcohol having 12 carbons, for example dodecanol.

Production and occurrence
Fatty alcohols became commercially available in the early 1900s. They were originally obtained by reduction of wax esters with sodium by the Bouveault–Blanc reduction process. In the 1930s catalytic hydrogenation was commercialized, which allowed the conversion of fatty acid esters, typically tallow, to the alcohols. In the 1940s and 1950s, petrochemicals became an important source of chemicals, and Karl Ziegler had discovered the polymerization of ethylene. These two developments opened the way to synthetic fatty alcohols.

From natural sources
Most fatty alcohols in nature are found as waxes, which are esters of fatty acids and fatty alcohols. They are produced by bacteria, plants and animals for purposes of buoyancy, as source of metabolic water and energy, biosonar lenses (marine mammals) and for thermal insulation in the form of waxes (in plants and insects). The traditional sources of fatty alcohols have largely been various vegetable oils, which remain a large-scale feedstock. Animal fats (tallow) were of historic importance, particularly whale oil, however they are no longer used on a large scale. Tallows produce a fairly narrow range of alcohols, predominantly C16–C18, while plant sources produce a wider range of alcohols from (C6–C24), making them the preferred source. The alcohols are obtained from the triglycerides (fatty acid triesters), which form the bulk of the oil. The process involves the transesterification of the triglycerides to give methyl esters which are then hydrogenated to produce the fatty alcohols. Higher alcohols (C20–C22) can be obtained from rapeseed oil or mustard seed oil. Midcut alcohols are obtained from coconut oil (C12–C14) or palm kernel oil (C16–C18).

From petrochemical sources
Fatty alcohols are also prepared from petrochemical sources. In the Ziegler process, ethylene is oligomerized using triethylaluminium followed by air oxidation. This process affords even-numbered alcohols:
 * Al(C2H5)3 + 18 C2H4 → Al(C14H29)3
 * Al(C14H29)3 + $3/2$ O2 + $3/2$ H2O → 3 HOC14H29 + $1/2$ Al2O3

Alternatively ethylene can be oligomerized to give mixtures of alkenes, which are subjected to hydroformylation, this process affording odd-numbered aldehyde, which is subsequently hydrogenated. For example, from 1-decene, hydroformylation gives the C11 alcohol:
 * C8H17CH=CH2 + H2 + CO → C8H17CH2CH2CHO
 * C8H17CH2CH2CHO + H2 → C8H17CH2CH2CH2OH

In the Shell higher olefin process, the chain-length distribution in the initial mixture of alkene oligomers is adjusted so as to more closely match market demand. Shell does this by means of an intermediate metathesis reaction. The resultant mixture is fractionated and hydroformylated/hydrogenated in a subsequent step.

Applications
Fatty alcohols are mainly used in the production of detergents and surfactants. Due to their amphipathic nature, fatty alcohols behave as nonionic surfactants. They find use as co-emulsifiers, emollients and thickeners in cosmetics and food industry. About 50% of fatty alcohols used commercially are of natural origin, the remainder being synthetic.

Fatty alcohol are converted to their ethoxylates by treatment with ethylene oxide:

 * RCH2OH + n C2H4O  ->  RCH2(OCH2CH2)_{n}OH

The resulting fatty alcohol ethoxylates are important surfactants.

Another large class of surfactants are the sodium alkylsulfates such as sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). Five million tons of SDS and related materials are produced annually by sulfation of dodecyl alcohol and related fatty alcohols.

Nutrition
The metabolism of fatty alcohols is impaired in several inherited human peroxisomal disorders, including adrenoleukodystrophy and Sjögren–Larsson syndrome.

Human health
Fatty alcohols are relatively benign materials, with LD50 (oral, rat) ranging from 3.1–4 g/kg for hexanol to 6–8 g/kg for octadecanol. For a 50 kg person, these values translate to more than 100 g. Tests of acute and repeated exposures have revealed a low level of toxicity from inhalation, oral or dermal exposure of fatty alcohols. Fatty alcohols are not very volatile and the acute lethal concentration is greater than the saturated vapor pressure. Longer-chain (C12–C16) fatty alcohols produce fewer health effects than short-chain (smaller than C12). Short-chain fatty alcohols are considered eye irritants, while long chain alcohols are not. Fatty alcohols exhibit no skin sensitization.

Repeated exposure to fatty alcohols produce low-level toxicity and certain compounds in this category can cause local irritation on contact or low-grade liver effects (essentially linear alcohols have a slightly higher rate of occurrence of these effects). No effects on the central nervous system have been seen with inhalation and oral exposure. Tests of repeated bolus dosages of 1-hexanol and 1-octanol showed potential for CNS depression and induced respiratory distress. No potential for peripheral neuropathy has been found. In rats, the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) ranges from 200 mg/kg/day to 1000 mg/kg/day by ingestion. There has been no evidence that fatty alcohols are mutagenic or cause reproductive toxicity or infertility. Fatty alcohols are effectively eliminated from the body when exposed, limiting possibility of retention or bioaccumulation.

Margins of exposure resulting from consumer uses of these chemicals are adequate for the protection of human health as determined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) high production volume chemicals program.

Environment
Fatty alcohols up to chain length C18 are biodegradable, with length up to C16 biodegrading within 10 days completely. Chains C16 to C18 were found to biodegrade from 62% to 76% in 10 days. Chains greater than C18 were found to degrade by 37% in 10 days. Field studies at wastewater treatment plants have shown that 99% of fatty alcohols lengths C12–C18 are removed.

Fate prediction using fugacity modeling has shown that fatty alcohols with chain lengths of C10 and greater in water partition into sediment. Lengths C14 and above are predicted to stay in the air upon release. Modeling shows that each type of fatty alcohol will respond independently upon environmental release.

Aquatic organisms
Fish, invertebrates and algae experience similar levels of toxicity with fatty alcohols although it is dependent on chain length with the shorter chain having greater toxicity potential. Longer chain lengths show no toxicity to aquatic organisms.

This category of chemicals was evaluated under the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) high production volume chemicals program. No unacceptable environmental risks were identified.

Table with common names
This table lists some alkyl alcohols. Note that in general the alcohols with even numbers of carbon atoms have common names, since they are found in nature, whereas those with odd numbers of carbon atoms generally do not have a common name.

title: Fatty alcohol


text:
Problem Child 3: Junior in Love

Problem Child 3: Junior in Love (known onscreen as simply Problem Child 3) is a 1995 American television film directed by Greg Beeman and written by Michael Hitchcock. It is the third and final installment of the Problem Child trilogy created by Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski. The film premiered on NBC on May 13, 1995. It is the only film in the series not to receive a theatrical release.

In the film, Junior, now a preteen, is infatuated with a girl named Tiffany, but she does not notice him. Things take a mischievous turn when he finds out there are three other boys interested in her as well. Junior himself is portrayed by Justin Chapman replacing Michael Oliver and Ben is portrayed by William Katt replacing John Ritter. Neither Annie (Amy Yasbeck) nor Trixie (Ivyann Schwan) appear in it, nor are they mentioned. Gilbert Gottfried and Jack Warden are the only cast members to appear in all three films (with Gottfried being the only one appearing in the films and the animated series). Eric Edwards reprises his role as "Murph" from the second film. The film neither explains why Junior is once again wearing a bow-tie, since he discarded it at the end of the first film, nor how Big Ben is still rich, since his apparent new wife, LaWanda Dumore, is never mentioned.

Plot
Junior Healy tells a story from multiple drawings in a coloring book, and it switches to his classroom where he is told by Miss Hicks that he got an "F" for not finishing his science project, and he mentions that "it's all about sound waves", and the bell rings, causing a set of traps to trigger, and her to fall out a window. The audience is told that Murph, one of his classmates, ratted him out, and the principal called his dad, Ben, prompting him to take him to get help. They meet Sarah Gray, a therapist who tests him, and decides that he needs some activities to do. Junior takes this harshly, and does not approve of these options.

He is taken to a dance school, run by Lila Duvane, a tyrannical debutante, and hates it at first; but then he meets Tiffany, a girl who recently moved to town, but Murph informs him that three boys named Duke Phlim, Blade and Corky McCullum have already laid claim. Junior tries to proclaim his love to Tiffany, but fails miserably. At school, he is given a new teacher, the overbearing Mr. Burtis, who he traps in the same way he did to Miss Hicks. In his victory, Junior bites into an apple and feels pain. He and Ben go to a dentist's office where it is discovered by the infamous Igor Peabody that he needs dental braces. Ben asks his father, Big Ben, for a $5,000 loan, which leads to disappointing results.

After meeting the trio and Tiffany, Junior decides to pursue scouting under Scoutmaster Eugene Phlim, also Duke's father. Afterwards, he decides to enroll in hockey. He gets beaten by Blade's team, prompting him to take part in a school production of Peter Pan, where Corky is the star and Junior is stuck playing a weed. Ben meets Sarah at Big Ben's, and it is discovered that she was dating Phlim, and subsequently broken up with him. Meanwhile, after Corky rudely mocks Junior about his braces, Junior sneaks on to the horse grounds at Corky's mansion and uses a slingshot on Corky's horse, causing it to rear and hurl Corky into the pool.

When Junior comes back to get his braces tightened, he gets his revenge for his humiliation he received from them by releasing laughing gas that knocks Peabody and his nurse, Kiki, unconscious. They later wake up wearing braces, with her tied to the patient chair and him hanging from the ceiling fan.

Junior begins his plan of getting even with the three boys for bullying him. During the hockey tournament, Junior beats everyone of the opposing team players, and strikes Blade with a puck. After this, Junior is banned for life, and then, in the production of Peter Pan, he traps Corky by distracting the janitor, and pulling the rope attached to the suspension harness and crashing it down, severely injuring Corky and Duvane. Finally, seeking revenge for seeing Sarah, Philm and Duke challenges Ben and Junior to a relay race. Junior sabotages every obstacle on their side, and he and Ben win.

With the three boys seriously injured and terrified of him, Junior finally tries to spend some time with Tiffany, who turns out to be a rich brat. In retaliation, he pranks her by tying the sash ribbon on her dress to a statue, and as she walks forward, it rips off. In her underwear, embarrassed and laughed at, she runs out crying, and Bertha, blaming Junior, chases after her. Junior finds a kinder girl, dressed as a witch and also wearing braces, whereas Ben and Sarah get together.

Cast

 * William Katt as Benjamin "Ben" Healy, Jr. who is Junior's kind, caring, adoptive father whom Junior looks up to.
 * Justin Chapman as Junior Healy, the avenging mischief-maker who pays back fourfold anyone who antagonizes him.
 * Sherman Howard as Scoutmaster Eugene Phlim
 * Carolyn Lowery as Sarah Gray
 * Eric Edwards as Murph / Bertha
 * Blake McIver Ewing as Corky McCullum
 * Jennifer Ogletree as Tiffany
 * Brock Pierce as Duke Phlim
 * Jake Richardson as Blade
 * Gilbert Gottfried as Dr. Igor Peabody who is Junior's second archenemy. Mostly he uses three jobs from the trilogy, from running the orphanage, elementary school principal and dentist.
 * Jack Warden as Benjamin "Big Ben" Healy, Sr. who is Junior's wealthy adoptive grandfather who treats Junior and his son Ben like dirt and is extremely selfish and mean. He is Junior's first archenemy.
 * Ellen Albertini Dow as Lila Duvane
 * Marianne Muellerleile as Miss Hicks
 * Bruce Ed Morrow as Mr. Burtis
 * Jacqueline Obradors as Conchita
 * Kelli Thacker as Nurse Kiki
 * Rance Howard as the Janitor

Home media
Universal never had intentions to release the film on home video or DVD in North America, though it did have a VHS and region 2 DVD release.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Problem Child 3: Junior in Love


text:
Talk:Ruth Graves Wakefield

Untitled
She was a grest women who did more than cook •	Her first cookie was called the toll bake cookie •	The nestle company gave her a life time supply of chocolate •	Chocolate chip cookies are a favorite treat for people of all ages, but without the famous woman inventor Ruth Wakefield, the world might never have tasted those sweet delights. Born in 1905, Wakefield grew up to be a dietician and food lecturer after graduating from the Framingham State Normal School Department of Household Arts in 1924. Along with her husband Kenneth, she bought a tourist lodge named the Toll House Inn, where she prepared the recipes for meals that were served to guests.

In 1930, Wakefield was mixing a batch of cookies for her roadside inn guests when she discovered that she was out of baker's chocolate. She substituted broken pieces of Nestle's semi-sweet chocolate, expecting it to melt and absorb into the dough to create chocolate cookies. That didn't happen, but the surprising result helped to make Ruth Wakefield one of the 20th century's most famous women inventors. When she removed the pan from the oven, Wakefield realized that she had accidentally invented "chocolate chip cookies At the time, she called her creations "Toll House Crunch Cookies." They became extremely popular locally, and the recipe was soon published in a Boston newspaper. As the popularity of the Toll House Crunch Cookie increased, the sales of Nestle's semi-sweet chocolate bars also spiked. Andrew Nestle and Ruth Wakefield decided to come up with an agreement. Nestle would print the Toll House Cookie recipe on its package, and Wakefield would be given a lifetime supply of Nestle chocolate. Due to this unexpected discovery by a famous woman inventor, the chocolate chip cookie became the most popular variety of cookie in America, a distinction it still holds to this   HEHEHEHE lots of love

 * Unsourced, copied from another site ... probably a copyright violation. -- Jibal (talk) 17:16, 15 May 2021 (UTC)

Year of Birth
The Find-a-Grave link shows 1903, as does her tombstone. The categories listed at the bottom of her page shows 1903 births, so why does the article have 1905? Is there something that also shows a 1905 birth besides the unsigned tribute on the Talk page for Ruth Graves Wakefield?Jtyroler (talk) 06:19, 21 June 2013 (UTC)

Not an accident
This story in Slate says that Wakefield's invention of chocolate chip cookies was not an accident. She knew how chocolate behaved when it was baked and she knew how it would come out.

The Woman Who Invented the Chocolate Chip Cookie She was a gifted cook and a savvy entrepreneur. And, despite what you may have heard, she didn’t invent it by accident. By Carolyn Wyman

The source in the current account does not seem to be a WP:RS. You can't track that story back to a primary source. --Nbauman (talk) 02:35, 21 March 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Ruth Graves Wakefield. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090223033704/http://www.verybestbaking.com/products/tollhouse/history.aspx to http://www.verybestbaking.com/products/tollhouse/history.aspx

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:38, 20 December 2017 (UTC)

"immense pain point", sounds like PR
Sources? This statement sounds more like PR. "Wakefield solved an immense pain point, the boringness of traditional cookies that left consumers yearning for something much greater."Webmanoffesto (talk) 20:42, 2 July 2019 (UTC)

 * where did or does it say "Wakefield solved an immense pain point the boringness of traditional cookies that left consumers yearning for something much greater." 173.242.85.221 (talk) 19:50, 4 April 2024 (UTC)

Ruth Wakefield
In 1930 Ruth and her husband bought a tourist lodge passenger to pay tolls 2600:6C44:657F:FA77:98A5:76AE:2A1:8457 (talk) 23:53, 2 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ruth Graves Wakefield


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Italian-Canadian

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep the rewrite, nomination withdrawn as well. Sjakkalle 09:38, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Italian-Canadian
Delete as dicdef. No potential to become encyclopedic. Something like notable italian-canadians maybe, but not the plain ole' definition. Feco 21:27, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I nominated, fully expecting this to be the typical "I'll create a subsubsubsubsub-stub and expect someone else to flush it out"... since User:Ground Zero had done an excellent re-write, I change to Keep. Feco 22:25, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, like Italian-American. Kappa 21:32, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete what's next, an article on Trinidadian-Luxembourgians? Uruguayan-Congonese?  We do not need dicdefs for every possible 2-country combination. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  21:37, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as rewritten, and keep expanding. I'm still in favour of deleting any stubs that read "Xian-Zians are people from X who live in Z" or similar though. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  22:23, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * While this could have been speedied as it has no real content, the subject itself is very much worthy of an article. We already have good pages on German-Canadian, Chinese-Canadian, Ukrainian Canadian, and Japanese Canadian. There are 1.2 million Italian Canadian and I'm actually surprised we don't have a real article on them yet. - SimonP 21:43, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * It seems like most developed XXXXian-YYYYian articles consist of the same storyline... how they arrived, why they came, what has their collective experience been since arriving, who are some prominent members of the group, where were/are they geographically concentrated. Each of those topics certaintly deserves its own article for each group. In my book, the "parent" article XXXXian-YYYYian would just be a listing of the subarticles where each individual topic can be more fully addressed. Yay usability! Feco 21:51, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, although worthy an article when written better. Feydey 21:47, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * delete, but only as long as it stays in such a state. Keep updated Circeus 21:59, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I've responded to the challenge of those above and added some text, much of it along the lines of what Feco proposes. Please take a look at that and reconsider your vote, and better yet, add more text. There should be an article on one of the largest ethnic groups in Canada. Ground Zero 22:17, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep -- [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] Earl Andrew - talk 23:00, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Spinboy 23:23, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as rewritten and expanded. Just as worthy of an article as Italian-American, etc. as long as there's worthwhile content. 23skidoo 23:28, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. There is plenty of content that can be added to this article. Mindmatrix 00:23, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. An important topic and the article has a lot of potential. Paradiso
 * Keep. 1.2 million of them apparently and the article is in good shape thanks to Ground Zero. Capitalistroadster 02:38, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Italians have made many notable contributions to the cuisene of Soviet Canuckistan. Klonimus 03:56, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Total content of the original entry was "Canadians of Italian descent" sans period.  I'm guessing vandal bot because of that.  Hey, we got a great article out of this one! - Lucky 6.9 05:48, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep of course, with props to Ground Zero for the expansion and also to Feco, Starblind and Circeus for revisiting their votes. Highly important cultural group in Canada. (Why just the other day, I went on a binge of populating Category:Italian-Canadian politicians, off the top of my head, with existing articles.) Samaritan 14:30, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep —Michael Z. 2005-04-16 16:02 Z
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Rosie M. Banks

Rosie M. Banks is a recurring fictional character in the Jeeves and Drones Club stories of British author P. G. Wodehouse, being a romance novelist and the wife of Bingo Little.

Inspiration
The character was possibly inspired by the prolific early twentieth-century romance novelist Ruby M. Ayres. Wodehouse intentionally chose the name "Rosie M. Banks" to be similar to hers, stating in a 1955 letter to his biographer Richard Usborne that he "wanted a name that would give a Ruby M. Ayres suggestion". Another possible influence is the female novelist Ethel M. Dell (dell/banks = features of countryside scenery), who also has a middle initial of ’M’, a reputation for writing novels of the Rosie M. Banks sort, and is mentioned by name in several Wodehouse stories.

Life and character
Rosie M. Banks is a fictional romance novelist. A tall, lissom girl with soft, soulful brown eyes and a nice figure, she is devoted to her pekingese dogs and owns as many as six at a time.

She is the author of works such as: All for Love; A Red, Red Summer Rose; Madcap Myrtle; Only a Factory Girl; The Courtship of Lord Strathmorlick; The Woman Who Braved All; Mervyn Keene, Clubman;  'Twas Once in May; By Honour Bound; and A Kiss at Twilight. She also wrote the Christmas story "Tiny Fingers". Jeeves says that one of his aunts owns a complete collection of her works. The books of Rosie M. Banks make "very light, attractive reading", according to Jeeves, and he later says that the scene in Only a Factory Girl in which "Lord Claude takes the girl in his arms" (as described by Bertie Wooster) is one of his aunt's favourite passages. Other fans of her works include Bingo's uncle, Madeline Bassett, and American author Kirk Rockaway (in "Stylish Stouts").

However, not everyone enjoys her books. Bertie Wooster describes her writing as "some of the most pronounced and widely-read tripe ever put on the market", and Bertie's Aunt Dahlia does not like reading her works. Rosie's husband Bingo has said that when she gets in front of a dictating machine, she becomes "absolutely maudlin". Bingo nervously changes the subject every time his wife's books are brought up in conversation.

Initially mentioned in "Jeeves in the Springtime", she first appears in "Bingo and the Little Woman", in which she marries Bingo Little after meeting him in the Senior Liberal Club. Afterwards, she is known as Mrs. Little in private life, though she continues to write as Rosie M. Banks. At first, she is upset that Bertie Wooster had impersonated her, though they are friends by the next story in which she appears.

In "Clustering Round Young Bingo", she submitted an article for Milady's Boudoir (the women's paper of Dahlia Travers, Bertie's Aunt Dahlia), entitled "How I Keep the Love of My Husband-Baby", which, fortunately for her husband, has not been published. She employed chef extraordinaire Anatole until Aunt Dahlia stole him from her with the help of Jeeves in the same short story, and is thus unlikely to write further for Mrs Travers. However, the Littles did receive an excellent housemaid in a sort of exchange.

It is mentioned that she is going on a lecture tour in America in "Jeeves and the Impending Doom". She reunites with her old school friend Laura Pyke in "Jeeves and the Old School Chum". It is revealed in that story that Rosie is a Scripture Knowledge prize-winner (like Bertie Wooster), though while the two women are having an argument, Laura Pyke claims that Rosie cheated by sneaking in a list of the Kings of Judah (an accusation later repeated by Gussie Fink-Nottle against Bertie Wooster).

Rosie and Bingo's marriage is essentially happy, though she dislikes Bingo's penchant for gambling, and keeps him on a tight budget. The couple have a baby, Algernon "Algy" Aubrey Little, and Rosie manages to get Bingo a job as editor at Wee Tots, a journal for the home and nursery. The infant Algy is put up for membership in the Drones Club, and his godfather is Oofy Prosser.

In Wodehouse's novel Bachelors Anonymous, there is a brief reference to a line from Rosie M. Banks's A Kiss at Twilight. It is also mentioned in Bachelors Anonymous that her books often feature an impecunious heroine who receives a legacy, and that in one of her early novels, there is a passage in which the hero, Claude Delamere, who thinks his fiancée is deceiving him after seeing her kissing another man, felt "as if a blinding light had flashed upon him" when he found out this man is actually her brother from Australia.

Appearances
Rosie M. Banks is featured in:

 * The Inimitable Jeeves (1923)
 * "Bingo and the Little Woman" (1922) – Jeeves story, with an excerpt of text from The Woman Who Braved All
 * Carry On, Jeeves (1925)
 * "Clustering Round Young Bingo" (1925) – Jeeves
 * Very Good, Jeeves (1930)
 * "Jeeves and the Old School Chum" (1930) – Jeeves
 * Eggs, Beans and Crumpets (1940)
 * "All's Well with Bingo" (1937) – Drones
 * "Bingo and the Peke Crisis" (1937) – Drones
 * "The Editor Regrets" (1939) – Drones
 * "Sonny Boy" (1939) – Drones, with a plot synopsis of "Tiny Fingers"
 * A Few Quick Ones (1959)
 * "The Word in Season" (1940) – Drones
 * "Leave it to Algy" (1954) – Drones
 * Nothing Serious (1950)
 * "The Shadow Passes" (1950) – Drones
 * Plum Pie (1966)
 * "Bingo Bans the Bomb" (1965) – Drones
 * "Stylish Stouts" (1965) – Drones

Rosie M. Banks is mentioned in:

 * The Inimitable Jeeves (1923)
 * "Jeeves in the Springtime" (1921) – Jeeves
 * Very Good, Jeeves (1930)
 * "Jeeves and the Impending Doom" (1926) – Jeeves
 * The Code of the Woosters (1938) – Jeeves (ch. 3)
 * The Mating Season (1949) – Jeeves (ch. 12 and 17), with a plot synopsis of Mervyn Keene, Clubman
 * Jeeves and the Feudal Spirit (1954) – Jeeves (ch. 4)
 * Pearls, Girls and Monty Bodkin (1972) – Drone Monty Bodkin, with a plot synopsis of By Honour Bound
 * Bachelors Anonymous (1973)

Influence
Although the name of Ms. Banks is attributed to a fictional novelist, there have been uses of this name to sell romance novels in the past. The most notable, Navy Nurse, published in 1960, is attributed to novelist Rosie M. Banks. The author, one-time Saturday Evening Post editor Alan R. Jackson, applied to Wodehouse for the right to use the name; Wodehouse, much amused, gave his permission.

True to the genre, the jacket of the book summarises the novel thus:
 * A romantic, suspense-filled novel about a girl who chose a glamorous and exciting career. Alice Smith, pretty Navy nurse, had an attack of love at first sight. And she didn’t want to be cured.
 * The man was tall, good-looking and French. Thrilled by his kisses, Alice longed for the day she would be Mrs. Jacques Stern.
 * But Jacques never talked of marriage. And he was mysterious about his private life, especially the source of his wealth.
 * Meanwhile, the Office of Naval Intelligence had rated Jacques “top priority.” And handsome Morgan O’Neill, ONI agent, was making a particularly thorough check. Morgan loved Alice deeply. He’d stop at nothing to save her from the dangers that threatened her happiness — and her life.

In 2002, a group of Wodehouse fans from the Usenet newsgroup alt.fan.wodehouse also voted in large numbers to place the fictional Miss Banks' novel Only a Factory Girl in the list of the top 100 books at Random House. This remained intact for over a week until the administrators caught on and replaced Miss Banks with J. R. R. Tolkien.

Adaptations

 * Television
 * In BBC One's 1965–1967 black-and-white The World of Wooster, Rosie M. Banks was portrayed by Deborah Stanford.
 * Jane Cussons portrayed Rosie in Wodehouse Playhouse, series 3, episode 5, "The Editor Regrets" (1978).
 * Anastasia Hille played Rosie in Jeeves and Wooster, series 4 episode 3, "Honoria Glossop Turns Up" (1993).

title: Rosie M. Banks


text: User:Argotide

title: User:Argotide


text:
Talk:Anglican Church of Canada

Talk:Personal Ordinariate
Apart from the Traditional Anglican Communion, the article should really consider verifying whether groups within the Anglican Church of Canada have ever sought a similar canonical structure to the proposed personal ordinariates. ADM (talk) 18:08, 26 October 2009 (UTC)

Infobox
I reverted the replacing of the Anglican infobox for the Christian denomination infobox as as of now all Anglican Communion provinces have the Anglican one. I personally would not be opposed to having the Christian denom box on all Anglican churches article pages, but I don't think its useful to have some Anglican churches with one and others with the other one. Ltwin (talk) 00:00, 1 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I think I might nominated the Anglican infox for deletion anyway, as it is next-to-useles. --Kevlar (talk • contribs) 01:15, 2 December 2010 (UTC)

Life Issues
The entry should also state the Anglican Church of Canada stances on life issues. They are still very close to the mainstream Church of England on them. The Anglican Church of Canada is pro-life, but their views aren't very sctrict and tend to be interpreted in different ways : "The official policy of the Anglican Church of Canada is that “abortion is always the taking of a human life and, in our view, should never be done except for serious therapeutic reasons.”[12] It is common for “serious therapeutic reasons” to be interpreted very liberally, on the grounds that “both the rights and needs of women, and the rights and needs of the unborn, require protection.” In 1989, they stated that "In the light of the Government’s announcement of a new Abortion Bill, the Anglican Church reaffirms its position that both the rights and needs of women, and the rights and needs of the unborn, require protection." I guess their view of the rights of the women mean the right to pregnancy as an alternative to the right to abortion, since they also support protection by law to the unborn. The Anglican Church of Canada also opposes euthanasia : "The Anglican Church of Canada’s highest governing body, the General Synod, approved a resolution denouncing euthanasia and assisted suicide during its meeting in Montreal May 21-29. The resolution described such measures as “a failure of human community.”"Mistico (talk) 17:27, 5 February 2011 (UTC)

The Anglican Church of Canada is against the death penalty. This can be viewed by this address of Fred Hiltz, primate of the Anglican Church of Canada on 30 November 2008. He quotes: "“We live in a time of violent crime that shakes our cities and the world. Despite the fact that for some the death penalty may be seen to function as a deterrent to violent crime, we cannot be content with an answer that responds to violence with even more violence. It is not and cannot ever be a reasonable response. Any answer that destroys human life cannot enhance our respect for the dignity of human life” (House of Bishops’ Pastoral Letter to the Anglican Church of Canada and the citizens of Canada, February, 1987)." Their stances on life issues aren't very different from the mainstream Church of England as we can see.Mistico (talk) 17:35, 5 February 2011 (UTC)

I found this better source about their stance on abortion:. The Anglican Church of Canada tend not to be as much pro-life as the Church of England, but there is no evidence that is stance has changed.Mistico (talk) 22:06, 22 March 2012 (UTC)

Editing of article commentary on the Queen's Royal Style
I eliminated the clause "...in describing the Monarch's role under the Constitution of Canada" from the last sentence of the first section. The Queen's Style does not describe her role under the Constitution of Canada, which does not refer to any religious role whatsoever for the monarch. Wikipedia's article on the "Title and style of the Canadian monarch" does an excellent job in stating this completely clearly and accurately if anyone is unclear on this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.149.6.152 (talk) 05:09, 9 September 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Anglican Church of Canada. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081122060755/http://www.anglicanjournal.com/issues/2005/131/sep/07/article/essentials-forms-new-groups/ to http://www.anglicanjournal.com/issues/2005/131/sep/07/article/essentials-forms-new-groups/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120322074305/http://quebec.cathedral.ca:80/ to http://quebec.cathedral.ca/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:44, 14 October 2016 (UTC)

Status as third largest denomination
Another user/editor has brought up the question of whether the ACoC is the third largest denomination in Canada. Currently, a previous editor/user has provided a credible valid source to cite that and that information is displayed. I believe it is still fairly accurate as that source is from 2008 and 2011, which in terms of the Canadian census, is still the most updated. The ACoC official website confirms those numbers given. If anyone can find credible valid sources, either to suggest that it is no longer the third largest or that it remains the third largest, could you help provide those? Thanks all!SeminarianJohn (talk) 04:40, 5 June 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 7 external links on Anglican Church of Canada. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.anglican.ca/handbook/320_ap_t.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.prayerbook.ca/bcp.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.nskk.org/chubu/history/list.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.anglicanessentials.ca/wordpress/index.php/2012/11/01/statement-from-the-ruperts-land-house-of-bishops/
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.anglicanjournal.com/issues/2003/129/nov/09/article/spirit-lives-on-in-erstwhile-bc-diocese/
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://quebec.cathedral.ca/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20041101185822/http://home.cogeco.ca/~alhayes/anglicancanada/ to http://home.cogeco.ca/~alhayes/anglicancanada/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:30, 6 July 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Anglican Church of Canada. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://www.anglicanjournal.com/issues/2006/132/mar/03/article/group-drops-name/?cHash=8750a11d64
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070929093247/http://www.anglican.ca/news/news.php?newsItem=2002-01-08_xx.news to http://www.anglican.ca/news/news.php?newsItem=2002-01-08_xx.news

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:57, 9 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Anglican Church of Canada. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://diohuron.org/what/episcopal/samesex.php
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130606214801/http://blog.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/blog/posts/halifax-the-titanics-undertaker/ to http://blog.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/blog/posts/halifax-the-titanics-undertaker
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131112094746/http://www.stannes.on.ca/ to http://www.stannes.on.ca/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:11, 25 December 2017 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. Community Tech bot (talk) 04:06, 19 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Anglican Church of Canada Badge.png

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. Community Tech bot (talk) 05:06, 19 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Anglican Church of Canada Badge.png

title: Talk:Anglican Church of Canada


text:
John Nicholson (East India Company officer)

Brigadier General John Nicholson, (11 December 1822 – 23 September 1857) was an Anglo-Irish military officer who rose to prominence during his career in British India. Born in Ireland, Nicholson moved to the Indian subcontinent at a young age and obtained a commission in the Bengal Army where he spent the majority of his career helping to expand the East India Company's territories in numerous conflicts, including the First Anglo-Afghan War and the first and second Anglo-Sikh wars. Nicholson created a legend for himself as a political officer under Henry Lawrence in the frontier provinces of British India, especially in the Punjab, and he was instrumental in the establishment of the North-West Frontier. Nicholson's most defining moment in his military career was his crucial role in suppressing the Indian Rebellion of 1857, a conflict in which he died.

A charismatic and authoritarian figure, Nicholson led a life whose controversial exploits have created a polarized legacy; contemporary descriptions of Nicholson presented him as the man who was crucial in suppressing the Indian Rebellion, while more recent historical accounts have described him as an "imperial psychopath" and "a violent, manic figure, a homosexual bully; an extreme egoist who was pleased to affect a laconic indifference to danger". His imposing physical appearance and noted deeds of valor and violence created an almost mythical status and even religious worship among the numerous tribes of the North-West Frontier whom Nicholson brought into the British Empire.

Background
Nicholson was born on 11 December 1822 in Dublin, Ireland, the eldest son of Dr. Alexander Jaffray Nicholson and Clara Hogg, who were both descendants of Protestant Scottish settlers who had immigrated to Ireland as part of the Ulster Plantation. Dr. Nicholson died when John was nine after contracting an illness from one of his patients, after which the family moved to Lisburn, County Antrim. Nicholson was privately educated in Delgany and later attended the Royal School Dungannon, through the patronage of his maternal uncle, Sir James Weir Hogg, a successful East India Company lawyer and for some time Registrar of the Calcutta Supreme Court, and later a Member of Parliament. He left school soon after his sixteenth birthday and, as the eldest male in his family, obtained a cadetship in the East India Company army's Bengal Infantry thanks to his uncle. In early 1839, Nicholson spent several weeks under his uncle's tutorship in London, gaining an understanding of Indian matters, before departing Gravesend in mid February on the voyage to India where he would spend the majority of the rest of his life.

Early career
On reaching India in July 1839, Nicholson was ordered to join the 41st Native Infantry at Benares on temporary attachment. After spending four months being drilled on the realities of military life, he was transferred in December, as a regular Ensign, to the 27th Native Infantry based at Ferozepore. Nicholson's arrival in India had been too late to participate in the initial invasion of Afghanistan as part of the First Anglo-Afghan War. However, in November 1840, the 27th Native Infantry was ordered up to relieve one of the infantry units already in Afghanistan as part of the British occupying force and marched through the Khyber Pass and into Afghanistan in January 1841.

After initially being garrisoned in Kabul, Nicholson's regiment was moved to Ghazni where he first met Neville Bowles Chamberlain who would become the first of the close band of friends Nicholson would form throughout his time in India. The British force's relatively peaceful occupation duties were soon superseded by Afghan anger against the rule of Shah Shujah Durrani, who had acceded to the throne thanks to British support. Following the outbreak of a revolt led by Wazir Akbar Khan, the main British garrison at Kabul was besieged and annihilated as it tried to retreat from Afghanistan in January 1842. This defeat left smaller British garrisons scattered throughout Afghanistan, including Nicholson's at Ghazni, besieged by Afghan tribesmen during the freezing winter of 1841. Although the garrison at Ghazni was well supplied, Nicholson's commander, Colonel Palmer, capitulated after the Afghans promised safe passage out of Afghanistan. The Afghans, however, immediately disregarded this promise and attacked the British. Nicholson was, with two other junior officers, separated from the rest of the garrison and led two companies of infantry in fortified buildings as they held off the Afghan attack for two days. The British soon ran out of food and water but Nicholson initially refused to surrender as it would mean abandoning his Indian sepoys to their fate. However, after being ordered to lay down his arms by Colonel Palmer, Nicholson was forced to watch in tears as his sepoys were slaughtered after refusing to convert to Islam.

Nicholson – together with ten other British Army officers – was held captive at Ghazni in a filthy, ordure-ridden, lice-infested cell between 10 March and 19 August 1842. With the approach of the British "Army of Retribution", the captive officers began to receive considerably better treatment and they were taken to join other British prisoners of war in Kabul on 24 August where they dined with the leader of the revolt, Akbar Khan. Following the Battle of Kabul, Nicholson and the rest of the British prisoners were released in September 1842, after six long months of captivity.

Despite the British victory, their position in Afghanistan was no longer tenable and the army began the difficult process of retreating back to Peshawar. Following the trail which was still littered with thousands of dead from the previous disastrous attempt at withdrawal by a British army in January, Nicholson's regiment was part of the final rear guard as the British force was harassed through the Khyber Pass. On 1 November 1842, Nicholson was briefly reunited with his younger brother Alexander, who had arrived in India only a few short months before and was now helping to escort the British force through the pass. Alexander's unit was ambushed and overwhelmed two days later and it was the nineteen year old Nicholson who was the first to find the mutilated body of his younger brother; his severed genitalia had been stuffed in his mouth. This disturbing experience, as well as his experience of the Afghan War as a whole, is said to have deeply affected Nicholson and left him with "an intense feeling of hatred" of Afghans and the entirety of India. Nicholson's first experience of war had also, however, instilled a "near-messianic sense of destiny" on him and he now believed it was his duty to spread Christian civilization into what he considered a "heathen" land.

Following the return of the British forces from Afghanistan, Nicholson was first stationed at Peshawar, and later for two years at Moradabad. These two years were largely uneventful for Nicholson who concerned himself mainly with military matters and mastering the Urdu language. In November 1845, on passing his Urdu vernacular examination, Nicholson was posted to the Delhi Field Force which was being organised at that time, as the threat of a war with the Sikh Kingdom of the Punjab loomed near.

Anglo-Sikh Wars and the Punjab

Upon the outbreak of the First Anglo-Sikh War in December 1845, Nicholson was serving as a staff officer in the commissariat department of Sir Hugh Gough's field force which marched into the Punjab. In this role, Nicholson's main responsibility throughout the war was keeping Gough's force well supplied with provisions and ammunition. Following the decisive British victory at the Battle of Sobraon, Nicholson was taken under the wing of Henry Lawrence along with several other similarly aged officers such as Herbert Edwardes, James Abbott, Neville Chamberlain, Frederick Mackeson, Patrick Alexander Vans Agnew, William Hodson, Reynell Taylor, Harry Burnett Lumsden, Henry Daly, John Coke, this group was known as Henry Lawrence's "Young Men". As part of this small band of young and driven men, Nicholson was given much power as a political officer on the North-West Frontier. His first posting in this new role was in July 1846 to the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir where he was to help solidify the rule of the British-installed Maharaja, Gulab Singh. Singh, however, was not a popular ruler in Kashmir and Nicholson took part in the suppression of a revolt against his rule. He spent the remainder of 1846 isolated in the Kashmir Valley serving as the sole British advisor to Singh at his court in Srinagar. To his relief, Nicholson was recalled to Lahore by Lawrence in February 1847. Nicholson's next significant assignment was helping James Abbot win over the various tribes of the Hazara region which he did by partaking in a daring nighttime raid against the Tahirkheli tribe's mountain stronghold, after which Nicholson and Abbott would form a strong friendship.

The murders of Patrick Vans Agnew and Lieutenant William Anderson on 20 April 1848 signaled the beginning of a Punjab-wide Sikh rebellion which soon became the Second Anglo-Sikh War. Initially, the East India Company was unprepared to deploy their army to the Punjab which meant that their political officers, including Nicholson, were completely isolated and effectively on their own in trying to maintain the British presence in the Punjab. It was in this vulnerable position that Nicholson was to display his soon to be characteristic nature of acting decisively and on his own initiative. He left Peshawar with a troop of irregular Pakthun horsemen and rode straight for the vital fort at Attock which, if controlled by the enemy, could sever the British line of communication. Upon arrival to the fort at first light, Nicholson rode straight past the stunned Sikh sentries guarding the main gate. When the Sikh sepoys further inside the fort raised their weapons against him, Nicholson leaped from his horse and wrestled the musket away from the nearest sepoy before shouting at them to lay down their arms and leave the fort, which the stunned Sikh garrison promptly did. This action, which was to become the first of Nicholson's famed exploits among the Sikhs, had enabled him to secure the vital fort without firing a single shot. Nicholson followed up this action just days later when he heard a Sikh infantry regiment were moving through the Margalla Hills in order to join the rebellion. Nicholson left Attock with his trusted irregulars and met the Sikh force camped at a Muslim cemetery. Nicholson rode up to the enemy camp and demanded to speak with their Colonel whom he gave one hour to submit their loyalty to him and be spared or else be destroyed "to a man". The Sikhs argued for an hour in front of the imposing figure of Nicholson, who sat motionless on his horse for the entire duration. Upon the hour mark, the Sikhs returned to Nicholson and declared their willingness to submit to his authority, thus cementing the growing legend of Nicholson among the Sikh population.

Nicholson and the rest of the British political officers throughout the Punjab spent the next few weeks attempting to fight the tide of the rebellion, but still awaiting support from Company troops and with the intervention of the Afghans into the conflict, they inevitably suffered a number of setbacks and Nicholson himself was seriously wounded while trying to storm a tower held by the Sikhs. By September 1848, Abbott and Nicholson were effectively on the run from the Sikh army and could only undertake limited action against them. However, with the arrival of the Company Field Army, which included Nicholson's younger brother Charles, to Lahore in November, the tide turned and the British were soon able to undertake offensive actions with Nicholson's irregular troops acting as the army's reconnaissance force and securing its supply lines. Nicholson fought in the subsequent Battle of Chillianwala and witnessed the Sikhs' final surrender at the Battle of Gujrat before being tasked to chase the retreating Afghan army all the way back to the Khyber Pass. Following the complete annexation of the Punjab under the administration of the East India Company, Nicholson was appointed the new Deputy Commissioner at Rawalpindi. He soon set about imposing "law and order" in the region. In one incident, after placing a bounty on a particularly troublesome local robber chieftain failed to result in his arrest, Nicholson rode out alone to the man's village and demanded the chieftain surrender. When the chieftain refused this offer, Nicholson fought and killed him before decapitating his body. He then placed the man's head on his desk as a warning to all other criminals who may be tempted to commit similar violations.

By 1849, Nicholson had spent ten years in India and was entitled to return home for a year's leave. During his time back in Europe, Nicholson served as the best man at his close friend Herbert Edwardes's wedding and travelled throughout Europe extensively. On his return to India in January 1852, Lawrence appointed Nicholson as the new Deputy Commissioner of the largely lawless Bannu area. In this role, Nicholson was ruthless in bringing peace and order to the region with a zero tolerance attitude on crime or any perceived disrespect shown towards the colonial government, often using flogging or other similar methods to both punish and humiliate any who dared infringe the law. At first, he was feared for his foul temper and authoritarian manner which underpinned his tyrant-style rule, but Nicholson soon gained the respect of the Afghan and North Punjabi tribes in the area for his fairhandedness and sense of honour as well as his almost complete elimination of crime. The respect that Nicholson had first gained from the Sikh people and then the Punjabi tribes became religious worship as the "Nikal Seyn" cult developed, which worshiped Nicholson as a saint-like figure who brought justice to the oppressed by punishing the strong. Amazingly, this cult survived in surprising forms and ways in some remoter parts of North-West Pakistan, into the 21st century. Rather than be flattered by this religious devotion, Nicholson found his Christian beliefs offended by the worship and would promptly whip any of the devotees who publicly practiced this cult in his presence. In 1855, at just the age of just thirty-four, Nicholson became the youngest brigadier-general in the Bengal Army. Nicholson was transferred to Peshawar in late 1856 to serve as the District Commissioner.

Indian Mutiny
Nicholson was dining with his friend Edwardes at Peshawar on the evening of 11 May 1857 when news reached them of the beginning of the Indian Mutiny in Delhi. Nicholson and Edwardes immediately planned to form a 'strong movable column' consisting of European and irregular troops which would be able to move and meet any outbreaks in the Punjab. Nicholson's calm response to the outbreak of violence was in no small part due to the distrust he had long held for the Bengal Army, telling his fellow officers; "For years I have watched the army and felt sure they only wanted the opportunity to try their strength with us. Mutiny is like smallpox. It spreads quickly and must be crushed as quickly as possible." Nicholson was awoken on 21 May to the news that the 55th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry had mutinied at Nowshera. After taking part in the successful disarming of the remaining five regular Bengal regiments at Peshawar, Nicholson accompanied the force dispatched to Nowshera to deal with the 55th. Although the mutineers of the 55th retreated from Nowshera after hearing of the approaching force, Nicholson, upon his grey charger, was able to give chase with his mounted police and cavalry and successfully charged the mutinous sepoys. Nicholson continued to chase down the fleeing sepoys till nightfall, killing over 120 of them and capturing a similar number. Despite initial plans to kill all of the captured mutineers, Nicholson successfully pleaded with his superiors to grant clemency to the Sikh and youngest prisoners. His superiors concurred and executed forty by blowing them from a gun.

One famous story recounted by Charles Allen in Soldier Sahibs is of a night during the Rebellion when Nicholson strode into the British mess tent at Jullunder, coughed to attract the attention of the officers, then said, "I am sorry, gentlemen, to have kept you waiting for your dinner, but I have been hanging your cooks." He had been told that the regimental chefs had poisoned the soup with aconite. When they refused to taste it for him, he force fed it to a monkey – and when it expired on the spot, he proceeded to hang the cooks from a nearby tree without a trial. Nicholson also called for the mutineers to be punished severely. He proposed an Act endorsing a 'new kind of death for the murderers and dishonourers of our women', suggesting, 'flaying alive, impalement or burning,' and commenting further, 'I would inflict the most excruciating tortures I could think of on them with a perfectly easy conscience.'

After replacing Neville Chamberlain as the commander of the Movable Column, Nicholson left Peshawar on 14 June with his personal bodyguard of frontier horsemen, who took no pay and served the British only through a personal devotion to their commander. Nicholson's first act as commander was to disarm any native regiments in his column that he suspected of disloyalty. On 11 July, Nicholson managed to intercept a force of mutineers that had risen at Sialkot and murdered their British officers and civilians. After he had defeated them in battle, the mutineers retreated to an island on the Ravi River and Nicholson was forced to wait until 15 July before he could gather enough boats to launch an attack on the island. Nicholson's attack gained complete surprise and the British soon overwhelmed and routed the remaining sepoys. The column reached Delhi on 14 August, providing much-needed support to the besieging British force. Nicholson found the British forces at Delhi to be in a sorry state, with many sick and wounded and demoralized from the ineffectual leadership of Colonel Archdale Wilson. However, Nicholson's already legendary status with dealing with the mutiny proved a major boost to the British troops who believed the young and aggressive Nicholson to be the antithesis to their old and weary commanders who had mismanaged the outbreak of the mutiny.

Despite not being in command, Nicholson immediately began inspecting the British positions and formulating his plan to capture the city. It did not take long for Nicholson to come to the conclusion that Wilson "was not at all equal to the crisis" and would not be able to command the assault on the city. Wilson's strategy was based upon waiting for the arrival of a siege train from Calcutta before he would launch the assault. However, the rebels dispatched a 6,000 strong force from Delhi to intercept the British train before it could reach the city.

In response, Nicholson led a force approximately 2,000 strong to find and destroy the rebels before they could destroy the British siege train and jeopardize the entire British effort to capture the city. Nicholson's force managed to reach the rebels first and in the subsequent Battle of Najafgarh, Nicholson personally led his troops in routing the rebel force, thus ensuring the arrival of the siege train and a hero's return to the British at Delhi.

Following the arrival of the siege train, Wilson finally relented to the pressure from the other officers and permitted the assault to be launched at sunrise on 14 September. Nicholson was to lead the first troops attempting to storm the breach at the Kashmir Bastion. In the face of withering fire from the defending Indians, Nicholson led his column to the wall and was the first of his men to scale the escarpment made by the breach. He then helped clear the remainder of the walls of the Mori bastion but became separated from his column whose assault had become bogged down in the face of fierce resistance as they advanced further into the city. Upon hearing of his column's plight and that a full-scale retreat looked likely, Nicholson rushed to the streets below and began rallying his men. Drawing his sword, Nicholson called for his men to follow him as he led a charge down a narrow alley through which his troops had been unable to advance in order to capture the Burn Bastion. Just as he looked back to urge his men to follow his lead, Nicholson was hit from a shot fired by a sepoy sniper on a rooftop.

The mortally wounded Nicholson was dragged back by troops of the 1st Bengal Fusiliers and initially refused to be taken to the field hospital until the city had fallen but eventually relented and was placed in a doolie. However, in the growing chaos of the faltering attack, the doolie carriers left the injured Nicholson by the side of the road near the Kashmir Gate. A short time later, Lieutenant Frederick Roberts found the injured Nicholson who told him "I am dying; there is no hope for me." Despite the wounding of Nicholson, the British managed to hold their gains in the city. Upon hearing of Wilson's faltering nerve and contemplation of retreat, Nicholson, who lay dying in the field hospital, reached for his pistol and famously declared "Thank God that I still have the strength yet to shoot him, if necessary." Nicholson managed to remain alive until hearing the news that the British had finally taken Delhi, before succumbing to his wounds on 23 September, nine days after he had led the assault on the city. He was buried the following day in a cemetery between the Kashmir Gate and Ludlow Castle.

Legacy

Following his death, Nicholson was immortalized by the Victorians as one of the gallant figures of the Indian Rebellion, and he became known as the "Hero of Delhi" and the "Lion of the Punjab". In the decades following the events of the rebellion, Nicholson became a household name and his life was widely eulogized by late-nineteenth-century historians who espoused Nicholson as a martyr of the British Empire with the historian John William Kaye describing Nicholson as "one of the purest hearts and one of the soundest Heads in all our Christian community". However, in recent decades the legacy of Nicholson has been reappraised in context of his harsh attitudes towards crime and punishment. British journalist Stuart Flinders wrote that "Nicholson's name has become a byword for brutality and racism". The reexamination of Nicholson's violent and quite often controversial, even for his time, treatment of those who provoked his wrath has prompted the Scottish historian William Dalrymple to describe Nicholson as "the great imperial psychopath".

Nicholson's life and death inspired books, ballads and generations of young boys to join the army and he is referenced in numerous literary works, including Rudyard Kipling's Kim and in George MacDonald Fraser's satirical adventure novel Flashman in the Great Game in which Harry Flashman meets Nicholson on the road between Bombay and Jhansi just before the rebellion, and describes Nicholson as "The downiest bird in all India and could be trusted with anything, money even." He also appears as one of the main characters in James Leasor's novel about the Indian Rebellion, Follow the Drum, which describes his death in some detail and features heavily in the same author's history of the siege, 'The Red Fort'.

Nicholson's legacy is also represented through the numerous monuments and statues which stand in his honour in both India and Ireland. These include two statues in Northern Ireland, one in the centre of Lisburn where Nicholson lived and another at the Royal School Dungannon, his old school. Nicholson's obelisk, a large granite memorial, was erected in 1868 in the Margalla hills near Taxila as a monument to pay tribute to his valour.

Nicholson never married. He told his mother that marriage would not suit his Government appointment, but most modern scholars have assumed that he was homosexual; one stating that "Boys were certainly John Nicholson's principal solace". The most significant people in his life were his fellow Punjab administrators, especially his superior, Sir Henry Lawrence, whom Nicholson regarded as a father figure and who was deeply affected by Lawrence's death shortly before his. Nicholson's closest friend was Herbert Edwardes, who shared his deep Christian faith. At Bannu, Nicholson used to ride one hundred and twenty miles every weekend to spend a few days with Edwardes, and lived in his beloved friend's house for some time when Edwardes' wife Emma was in England. Edwardes and his wife soon became a sense of comfort and spiritual guidance to an often isolated Nicholson. At his deathbed, he dictated a message to Edwardes saying, "Tell him that, if at this moment a good fairy were to grant me a wish, my wish would be to have him here next to my mother." The love between him and Edwardes made them, as Edwardes' wife later described it "more than brothers in the tenderness of their whole lives". Upon learning of Nicholson's death, Edwardes wrote to Neville Chamberlain, eulogizing his friend as "So undaunted, so noble, so tender, so good, so stern to evil, so single-minded, so generous, so heroic and yet so modest. I never saw another like him, and never expect to do so. And to have had him as a brother, and now to lose him in the prime of his life. It is an inexpressible and irreparable grief." On the day that the last Lord Lieutenant of Ireland formally ceded control of Dublin Castle to the government of the Irish Free State, 16 January 1922, a sword-wielding figure of John Nicholson was unveiled in Lisburn's Market Square. For Sir James Craig, the first prime minister of a Northern Ireland, and for other dignitaries speaking, the East India Company Brigadier was "a symbol of the defence of Empire in Ireland as well as India."

A memorial relief (by John Henry Foley), placed by his mother sixty years before in the town's Cathedral, depicts the final assault upon Delhi's Red Fort. The inscription reads in part: "Rare gifts had marked him for great things in peace and war. He had an iron mind and frame, a terrible courage, an indominable will [...]. Soldier and civilian, he was a tower of strength; the type of the conquering hero. Most fitly, in the great siege of Delhi, he [... dealt] the death blow to the greatest danger that ever threatened the British Empire."


text:
User:Calles loco

viva sierra hillario

title: User:Calles loco


text:
Talk:Socratic method

Replaced
Replaced redirect with "socratic method" section from Socrates, a significatnly expanded and more on-topic version of what was once here before ALoan merged it with Socrates. more work and reorganization will be forthcoming. Heah 21:28, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Replaced and Increased content within HR, Training & Development and Lesson Planning for teachers:

HR & T&D: Increased readability of existing material Elaborated on the method itself, in terms of delivery and contextualised it with other methods of learning (case study).

Lesson Plan Elements: Added 'Planning' within lesson planning, Tidied up sentences, Clarified sentence a bit about 'discussions'.

Still more to do in this piece..... Metazeitgeist (talk) 15:29, 3 August 2008 (UTC)

Founder
The "founder" section reads like it belongs in the Simple English Wikipedia. It should be rewritten or removed. (Why not just link to Socrates?)

 * I think it should be removed. Socrates is already linked to; although some explication of Socrates' character may lead to a greater understanding of the method, that paragraph fails to convey anything relevant to the method and isn't exactly accurate.  --Heah (talk) 10:11, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I second the motion for removal. Objections?  --Harlequence (talk) 20:52, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

Added link
Seeing as how Maieutics is a part of the Socratic Method, I added a link to its page.--The Individual 03:33, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

Merger
since the Socratic method is also known as the "method of elenchos" and i can't seem to see the difference between the two, i've added a merger tag. thoughts? -- talk 01:56, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

Done. WAS 4.250 04:35, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

 * cool, thanks. maybe we should have the "dialogues" discussion here to see what others think? --Heah talk 04:49, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Ok, its been a while since this merger happened, so it is a little late to (humbly) object, but a few points. The Socratic Method has in effect two meanings: the method Socrates employed in Plato's dialogues and a modern method of education named after this method. This article is predominantly about the latter and is somewhat incongruous with the article I wrote on the elenchus. Furthermore, the text from elenchos was fairly arbitrarily placed, between text that contradicts it. E.g. -

 * "The exact nature of the elenchos is subject to a great deal of debate, in particular concerning whether it is a positive method, leading to knowledge, or a negative method used solely to refute false claims to knowledge.

 * The Socratic method is a negative method of hypotheses elimination ..."

 * I think this was less than perfectly conceived - surely, at least, the merger should have taken place only when 'Socratic Method' was prepared to take it consistently. The result is very messy, a patchwork of very different ideas, and I find it hard to see how it could be edited successfully without a major overhaul. I realise that it is somewhat awkward splitting them into two again now (and perhaps this would not be a good idea anyway) but I suppose a solution would be to break the article into two sections reflecting the two meanings of 'Socratic Method', one on the issue in Greek philosophy and the other on the modern pedagogical method. (Sorry, I know this is more critical than constructive, but I had to let of steam). Dast 10:56, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Wayback machine reply, I know, but the merger seems likely to have been a good idea for a general reader. The differences between a "pure" elenchos and "Socratic method" are somewhat abstruse, and I strongly suspect that most Wikipedia readers will be more likely to see that material and grasp the differences if salient in this article.  I will now go respond to the other merger suggestion as I intended to when I saw this :-P. LUxlii (talk) 22:45, 9 January 2013 (UTC)

Remove?
The link the "Soctatic Method Society" points to a yahoo group which has not had any activity in two months. Searching for "Socratic Method Society" returned no other relevant hits. I believe the link should be removed. Agree?

Removed: Link to Jan Helfeld article. Self-promotion, and not a good example of the Socratic method in practice. --68.98.20.16 (talk) 06:04, 29 June 2010 (UTC)

Ironic Citation Needed alert
The teacher and student are willing to accept any correctly-reasoned answer. That is, the reasoning process must be considered more important than pre-conceived facts or beliefs.[citation needed] Cosmo7 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 05:43, 18 April 2009 (UTC).

Socratic questioning
Should Socratic questioning be merged into here? It doesn't seem like it needs its own article, but I'm no expert. Dreamyshade (talk) 08:45, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

I think that Socratic Questioning should go under the main category of Socratic Method. Socratic Questioning is founded on Socratic methods and it would be more concise to have them placed under the one heading. In my opinion, this would be more user-friendly for those looking for information on either of those specific topics. (Nbellows (talk) 14:04, 17 July 2012 (UTC))

 * I agree with the merger and the proposed placement (likely requiring significant editing longer term). A redirect for "Socratic questioning" makes sense, as I suspect that most people searching for that term are perhaps actually interested in the somewhat broader topic of "Socratic method". However, there do seem to be several articles in Wikipedia dealing with the same basic concept and using a moniker of the form "Socratic ", so perhaps more care needs to be taken with any such decision. LUxlii (talk) 22:48, 9 January 2013 (UTC)

Silly loops
Socratic irony redirects to irony, which in the opening blurb, says that it refers to the Socratic method. So now, nowhere on Wikipedia is there any mention of that Socratic irony actually is. -- LightSpectra (talk) 21:46, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

Now Socratic irony redirects here. This doesn't help at all, because this article doesn't even mention it. --Cadwaladr (talk) 16:04, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Socratic irony should redirect to Irony. Currently the term "Socratic irony" appears nowhere in the Socratic method article. --Omnipaedista (talk) 07:50, 13 November 2013 (UTC)

Syntactic Ambiguity & Commentary
The final two sentences of ¶2 read, "Aristotle attributed to Socrates the discovery of the method of definition and induction, which he regarded as the essence of the scientific method. Perhaps oddly, however, Aristotle also claimed that this method is not suitable for ethics."

Who regarded "the method of definition and induction" as "the essence of the scientific method," Aristotle or Socrates? Depending on how the question is answered, an incongruity in the appropriateness of the method, for use in science or ethics, may not be attributable to either man. The second sentence seems to me commentary, questionably germane; and its deletion would certainly obviate the need for a citation.

I edited a few things in sentence 4 of ¶2 also, but the sentence still seems cumbersome.

Samohtar (talk) 00:00, 11 September 2010 (UTC)

'as if it were an answer'

 * The term Socratic questioning is used to describe a kind of questioning in which an original question is responded to as though it were an answer. This in turn forces the first questioner to reformulate a new question in light of the progress of the discourse.

sorry to be thick but I can't see how this describes actual examples of Socratic questions. Is this a valid definition of Socratic questioning and if so, why? Citations/explanations?

The two specific problems I'm having are a) how is a question to be taken as an answer? and b) how is the first questioner (person A) forced to reformulate a new question? For both, is it that the assumptions the question is based on are questioned? I do like the snappiness of the two sentences quoted but the problem is that it doesn't quite clearly say what it means. If the 'responded to as an answer' thing is a common explanation then it can be better said and cited.

thank you! 128.232.241.44 (talk) 12:32, 5 March 2012 (UTC)

 * I don't know whether an answer from the computer science sector is going to carry any weight with the philosophy sector (though I was just asked yesterday to chair a philosophy session at a conference if that counts for anything). Let me just offer one example of a question that can be taken as an answer.  Someone asks "what is the smallest prime factor of 100000007700000049?" and I respond with the question "what is the smallest multiple of 100000007 having thirteen zeroes in its decimal expansion?"  On the one hand this answer engages the listener by forcing him or her to think instead of passively absorbing the answer.  On the other it saves all the thought that would otherwise have gone into figuring out the answer without any outside hints.  To me this is the essence of the Socratic method.  (To further spice up this example, the special form of this number makes it easier to factor than an arbitrary 18-digit number.  Moreover I don't know whether 100000007700000049 is the answer to the second question.)  --Vaughan Pratt (talk) 05:21, 10 May 2012 (UTC)

Is the method a reductio ad absurdam?
If I understand it right, the elenchos method consists of one party stating a thesis, and the other trying to demonstrate that it results in a contradiction or demonstrably false conclusion. Does that make a Socratic argument a form of reductio ad absurdam? I notice that term is not mentioned in the article. -- Chetvorno TALK 02:28, 6 September 2012 (UTC)

first paragraph
Can the Socratic method not be practiced within oneself? For example, a person could play devil's advocate and argue both sides of an argument by theirself. Should the part in the introduction about the socratic method taking place between two people be altered? — Preceding unsigned comment added by NatalieAvigailL (talk • contribs) 18:43, 8 September 2012 (UTC)

 * This is an interesting question to raise, but I would argue that self-questioning would seem to be covered by the "two people" description. A person questioning him/herself in such fashion would be playing two roles in a simulated interlocutory process (e.g., a conversation between me and my devil's advocate self) in order to promote more detailed analysis of a given situation. LUxlii (talk) 22:58, 9 January 2013 (UTC)

Is this part of the "Socratic method"
"Aristotle attributed to Socrates the discovery of the method of definition and induction, which he regarded as the essence of the scientific method."

This may be a method owing to Socrates, but is it really a characteristic of the Socratic dialectic method?--86.128.62.38 (talk) 11:48, 6 September 2013 (UTC)

 * Now (at long last) removed. Kablammo (talk) 01:10, 22 March 2017 (UTC)

The Lead is too long
I actually came here as a "customer" to get info. It just so happens I also edit wikipedia, esp the leads. Now I just cannot easily digest the information to get a grasp of the topic (esp coming in from nowhere and not having any idea about the topic -- The best test of all)--Inayity (talk) 09:32, 26 April 2015 (UTC)
 * It does go on a bit. Myrvin (talk) 09:49, 26 April 2015 (UTC)

 * I moved a chunk to a Development section. Does this work? Myrvin (talk) 10:06, 26 April 2015 (UTC)

Alt names
Apparently yet another synonym is the "erotematic method". Now, It's not really common enough to warrant inclusion in the lead... but, then, it doesn't look like any of the other names—"maieutics, method of elenchus, elenctic method, or Socratic debate"—are either. "Socratic debate", moreover, seems a complete misnomer since at best the speakers are working together to move towards the truth and, more often, one is badgering the other with rhetorical questions whose answer he already believes he knows; there's essaying but never any actual debate.

In any case, except for perhaps one of the elenchy names, these should probably all be shunted out of the lead into a name section or footnote. — Llywelyn II   16:48, 28 January 2016 (UTC)

Broken link
The link to the site garlikov.com (Ctrl+F for "garlikov") leads to a Connection Timed Out error. It could be just a temporary problem of the site, but it may be completely broken. Kotlopou (talk) 19:21, 5 March 2018 (UTC)

Correct definition of philosophy in Greek!!!
The word "philosophy" comes from the Ancient Greek (φιλοσοφία). It literally means the "love" (φῐ́λος) of "wisdom"  (σοφός)!!!

Philosophy is also defined as love for wisdom!!! Philosopher is lover of wisdom!!! 143.0.230.154 18:00, 13 February 2022 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.216.202.179 (talk)

title: Talk:Socratic method


text:
User:Inter/Mediation policy

The Mediation policy acts as a guideline for the workings of the Mediation Committee. These policies are subject to amendment.

Scope
The Mediators reserve the right to comment on cases at their discretion. The following are general guidelines which will apply to most cases.

 * 1) The Mediators will hear the cases brought before them and recommend appropriate action. This may include recommending that the case should first be tried solved through other means if this has not been tried or there is no evidence of this.
 * 2) Where a dispute has gone directly to the Arbitration Committee, but the ArbCom rejects the case on the premise that it should be tried through other means, such as the Mediation Committee, the Arbitrators may refer the dispute to the Mediation Committee if it believes Mediation is likely to help.
 * 3) The Mediators will primarily mediate and/or comment on content disputes/interpersonal disputes derived from content disputes.
 * 4) The Mediators will not hear disputes where they have been specifically requested not to Mediate. In such cases, the matter should be taken to the Arbitration Committee.
 * 5) The Mediation Committee does not report to anyone, but may forward cases to the Arbitration Committee if it is deemed that the Mediation is unsuccessful, or one (or both) parties reject Mediation.

Requests
The Mediation Committee accepts requests for MEdiation from anyone, and will recommend ways to Mediate and/or provide a Mediator. The committee may request evidence to indicate whether earlier steps in the dispute resulution process have been attempted and make their recommendations based on this. Cases presented to the Committee will be generally listed for 7 days. If there are no Mediators offering to take the case the case will be closed. If the case is accepted by a Mediator but Mediation is unsuccessful, the case will be either forwarded to the ArbCom by request of the parties involved, on the Mediation Committee's request, or it will be closed.

Who takes part?
All Mediators reserve the right to comment on any particular case. If a Mediator believes they have a conflict of interest in a case, they will not be eligible to accept that case. It will be handled by somebody else on the Committee. Users who believe Mediators have a conflict of interest should post an appropriate statement under Commentaries. Due to the absolutely necessity of neutralness, Mediators who have had any dealings with the parties involved in a case in the past may not be eligible to Mediate. This is up to the discretion of the parties involved.

Commentary
Participants involved in requests to the Committee will present their cases and evidence/commentary as directed on a sub-page of the case page, itself a sub-page of requests for mediation, titled as "[Username]" or "[UsernameA] v. [UsernameB]" or the like, at the discretion of the Mediator who takes the case. Disputants shall be defined as the user or users named in the case. When or if a Mediator takes the case, a notice will be placed in a designated section on the case page to this effect. After a case has been accepted by a Mediator, the discussion may move elsewhere such as article talk pages.

Authority
The Mediation Committee may enforce a certain authority in special circumstances. If the two parties in a dispute comes to an agreement and/or consensus about a change in an article or agree on the general path the article is taking, they can voluntarily bind themselves to a promise of sticking to this chosen path. If they do not, the Mediation Committee may step in and impose. The punishment will be determined by the mediator in charge of the case and will be presented to the committee for commentary. This happens on the case page. The case will be reopened and a decree will be made.

Steps taken
This process is two-fold. During Mediation, the following points are helpful to remember:

 * 1) Articles are reverted to their pre-dispute contents and are closed to any editing while mediation proceeds.  Boilerplate text is placed at the top of the article and the page is protected.
 * 2) Mediators seek common ground among the disputants and try to clear up misunderstandings.
 * 3) Mediators make a special effort to consider the merits of the question involved without regard to the background or editing history of the disputants.
 * 4) Mediators set the pace to balance the benefits of "cooling off" with the goal of reasonably rapid closure.  Most mediation efforts should be completed in a matter of 3-10 days.
 * 5) Mediators may propose solutions, which may include specific article text.
 * 6) The mediator may update the article with any changes that both disputants accept.
 * 7) When consensus is reached, the fact of article mediation and the agreement reached is documented on the article's talk page.
 * 8) The article is reopened to editing once mediation is complete

If Mediation is successful:

 * Once disputants make an agreement, they are expected to follow it. If they do not, the Mediation Committee may impose on the request of the Mediator in charge of the case.

If Mediation fails:

 * The case will be closed. See requests.

For procedures for Mediation, see Mediation.

title: User:Inter/Mediation policy


text:
Talk:SABMiller

Graham Mackay
In light of Graham Mackay having died in December 2013, I have taken the liberty to remove his name from the infobox and the board of directors. I don't have the time right now to follow up on the finer details - simply removing an obvious oversight. &Brewt@lk 20:40, 21 January 2014 (UTC)

Tax Evasion
This page needs a section on the allegations that SAB Miller has engaged in massive tax avoidance. http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/nov/29/sabmiller-india-africa-actionaid-report Vorpaul (talk) 17:03, 29 November 2010 (UTC)

 * I have added a reference in the Corporate social responsibility section.Rangoon11 (talk) 17:35, 29 November 2010 (UTC)

Look this

 * . 94.62.108.198 (talk) 20:39, 13 October 2015 (UTC)

Information Box
In the interests of transparency I am declaring that SABMiller is my client and I have a conflict of interest. I hope to work with other editors to ensure that this Wikipedia article is accurate. Please contact me on my Talk Page if you have any questions.

The owner section of the article information box is factually incorrect. The box incorrectly calls Altria the owner of SABMiller – shares in SABMiller plc are publicly traded in London and Johannesburg and so Altria is one of many shareholders and, with around 27% of the shareholding, does not own a majority. Please refer to page 98 in our Annual Report for the reference: http://sabmiller.com/docs/default-source/investor-documents/reports/2015/ar-2015-pdf-documents/sabmiller2015_Annual_Report%20.pdf?sfvrsn=18

I would like to suggest that the Owner section is removed from the article information box given that SABMiller is not ‘owned’ by any one company.

I would be grateful if other editors review this request to edit and implement the change.

Thanks in advance.

Emmamay2808 (talk) 15:50, 21 October 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on SABMiller. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20041213173154/http://biz.yahoo.com:80/ic/54/54451.html to http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/54/54451.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 18:15, 10 November 2016 (UTC)

Takeover
Done a very quick edit to change to past tense. Could probably be tidied up more but at least it now reflects the current state of affairs Chrismorey (talk) 01:36, 9 December 2016 (UTC)

SABMiller Headquarters
Hi SABMiller's global Headquarter was in Woking, England. Leuven is the HQ of AB InBev. Please correct, thank you. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 160.44.225.18 (talk) 15:50, 12 December 2016 (UTC)

SABMiller disappears after acquisition by Anheuser-Busch InBev
https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/SAB:LN |title=SAB:LN Ticker Delisted 11 October 2016

I have revised this article but it needs additional work. Some massive changes for the company recently. I do not have time to do it all.

Some of my edits:

...''the deal closed on 10 October 2016. The acquisition - subsequently referred to as a merger in the news media - ended the corporate use of the name SABMiller. The new company is called Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, (AB InBev) and is trading as NewbelcoSABMiller.'' SABMiller ceased trading on global stock markets.

''As part of the agreement with the regulators, SABMiller sold to Molson Coors full ownership of the Miller brand portfolio outside of the U.S. and Puerto Rico for US$12 billion. Molson Coors also retained "the rights to all of the brands currently in the MillerCoors portfolio for the U.S. and Puerto Rico, including Redd’s and import brands such as Peroni, Grolsch and Pilsner Urquell." The agreement made Molson Coors the world's third largest brewer.|url=http://www.molsoncoors.com/en/news/molson-coors-completes-acquisition-of-millercoors-and-global-miller-brand-portfolio |title=Molson Coors Completes Acquisition of Full Ownership of MillerCoors and Global Miller Brand Portfolio author= |date=October 11, 2016 |website=Molson Coors |publisher=Molson Coors |access-date=January 29, 2017 |quote=Becomes World’s Third Largest Brewer by Enterprise Value and Strengthens Position in Highly Attractive U.S. Beer Market}}''

In Canada, Molson Coors regains the right (from SABMiller) to make and market Miller Genuine Draft and Miller Lite.|last=Wright |first=Lisa |date=November 11, 2015 |title=Molson Coors doubles with $12B Miller buyout |url=https://www.thestar.com/business/2015/11/11/molson-coors-doubles-with-12b-miller-buyout.html |newspaper=Toronto Star |location=Toronto |access-date=January 29, 2017 Peter K Burian (talk) 22:08, 29 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Since then, I did update the page with all of the many changes that have taken place since the company was acquired by Anheuser-Busch InBev Peter K Burian (talk) 15:22, 5 February 2017 (UTC)

Tense
This article is a hot mess of tense, likely due to the merger and disappearance of SABMiller as a distinct entity. It should be decided what the current status of SABMiller is (is it a company that no longer exists, or is it a still-existing part of Anheuser-Busch InBev?), and all verbs in the article should be changed to reflect that. Additionally, if it's decided that SABMiller is still existent, sections should be updated with respect to the divestiture of the MillerCoors brands. (I'm looking at you, "Beer" section.) -- 162.238.240.55 (talk) 03:51, 1 February 2017 (UTC)

 * I mostly added new content about the two companies merging. I did change some content to past tense, but yes, some other sections need to be changed to past tense.

 * I am still trying to be certain that SABMiller has totally ceased to exist. It is no longer trading on any stock exchange; that is certain. I believe this is probably correct: Either way, the SA Breweries you knew — the one supposedly founded by Charles Glass in 1894 (his wife Lisa was the actual brewer), and the first industrial share to be listed on the JSE, in 1897 — is no more. SABMiller’s story is one with larger-than-life characters who dominated the business pages for decades, encapsulated in tales of derring-do. It is a tale of a local icon that made good on the international stage.

 * With the formal takeover on October 10, it came to a frothy end. For the first time in 119 years, reference to SA Breweries was extinguished from the JSE. (stock exchange) In its place investors see the name AB InBev: its reward for clinching the third-largest corporate deal yet, worth $109bn. http://beverageindustrynews.com.ng/index.php/2016/11/24/the-rise-and-sudden-demise-of-sabmiller/ Peter K Burian (talk) 14:39, 1 February 2017 (UTC) 🍁

I have done a lot of work on this article in the past two weeks because SABMiller ceased to exist as an entity. Much of it is now in past tense. Peter K Burian (talk) 15:22, 5 February 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:SABMiller


text: Talk:Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Marjorie Pay Hinckley

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep (no consensus); merged and redirected. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 16:41, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Marjorie Pay Hinckley
Not notable in her own right. Merge into article on her husband? RickK 21:30, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Her position as the spouse of a leader of a major religion put her in a position to have an impact of her own.  I'm not a historian and cant' really come up with any examples, nor do I currently feel inclined to research the topic, however I'm certain that this stub can be expanded and made encyclopedic. Arkyan 01:06, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Major Wife of Religious Figure. Brigham Young, said that women were Utah's greatest resource, and has faithful mormon's they husband thier resources. Klonimus 03:54, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, because someone is married to someone notable does not make that person inherently notable. This issue has been discussed before. Megan1967 08:08, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, being related to a notable person does not make you notable. Article doesn't establish any kind of notability, and Klonimus's claim is pure speculation. Radiant_* 08:19, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I see nothing here to indicate that she is important in her own right. Indrian 03:58, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Ejrrjs | What? 22:46, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.