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Talk:Vicuña

Untitled
the Genetic_bottleneck part maynot be completely true, it's implied from the current situations though. If anyone wishes to contest it, they can delete it if and only if there is absolutely no proof or if there is definite proof. Vincent Gray 05:33, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

okay, what's with thkljmkjis repeated vandalism? 6.3 million chinese camelids? If one looks at the history, this has been repeated often.

It seems more likely that a bottleneck in the population numbers, as happened to the cheetah for whatever reason, causes inbreeding and a lack of genetic diversity. The article implies that inbreeding itself causes a bottleneck which seems less plausible.Jelle Boersma.

Maybe the young becoming independent means something different than I think (like just walking independently) but given the statement that they are nursed for 10 days I would think that they become independent after 12-18 days, not 12-18 hours. -Traveling in Northern Chile and Bolivia

Species?
Should any difference be noted between vicugna vicugna, lama vicugna, and camelus vicugna? I'm not sure of the differences, does anyone know? DBishop1984 15:06, 3 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I believe different scientists often have different ideas about how to classify animals, and those names come out of different schemes to classify them, rather than different animals. I have no idea how to choose among different classification schemes, but the article in its current form reflects what I know about how the various camelids are probably related.—MiguelMunoz (talk) 22:59, 2 January 2009 (UTC)
 * The three species you list all refer to the Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna), the problem lies in determining whether different species belong in separate groups, and which ones. So the answer is they are all the same thing, but since WP:MAM follows MSW3 we recognise Vicugna vicugna as correct. Jack (talk) 18:27, 3 January 2009 (UTC)

Incidentially, Vicugna (the genus, which is always written with a Capital letter) is not monotypic anymore, as the Alpaca was apparently derived from the Vicuña after all (and not from the Guanaco as the Llama was).

Have added split tag. Genus article should get disambig hatnote to here. Dysmorodrepanis (talk) 03:39, 15 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Created Vicugna, didn't add anything from this article though. Jack (talk) 20:50, 12 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Since all these animals can breed together with minor fertility problems, they are barely different species, let alone genera. One genus name (either Lama or Vicugna) will eventually need to be chosen, and the species glama, guanicoe, vicugna and pacos will classified under it.  Correctrix (talk) 03:23, 14 March 2017 (UTC)

Endangered?
"Today, the vicuña have recovered to about 125,000 but organizations such as the IUCN and the U.S. Department of the Interior still consider it endangered." Yet the species is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN? Jack (talk) 01:04, 26 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Do you have a reference we can examine? —MiguelMunoz (talk) 23:00, 2 January 2009 (UTC)
 * is the reference contradicting the statement. Cheers, Jack (talk) 18:28, 3 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks. That's a useful site. From what I can tell, the claim about it's endangered status in Wikipedia dates back to at least 2006 (that's as far back as I looked), but the IUCN reassessed its status in 2008, so the article needs to be updated. I should note that the IUCN feels that an active conservation program is still needed to protect the species. Whatever we say should reflect this. I have no idea what the Department of the Interior's current view is, but we should probably find out before rewriting this. —MiguelMunoz (talk) 04:38, 4 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I just found this link on the Fish & Wildlife web site. They still have it as endangered. —MiguelMunoz (talk) 04:48, 4 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Okay, the FWS lists Equador's population as endangered, but elsewhere has reduced its status to threatened. So encapsulating that info in a simple sentence will be tricky. Here's what I'm thinking: The third paragraph of the "Vicuña fiber" section should be placed in its own section called "Conservation Status," placed before the "Vicuña fiber" section, and revised to make it current. Then the sentence in the opening paragraph can be revised to this: Today, the vicuña have recovered to about 125,000, and while conservation organizations have reduced its level of threat, they still call for conservation programs. (Does the phrase "level of threat" work for you?) —MiguelMunoz (talk) 09:21, 4 January 2009 (UTC)
 * "Conservation status" could be used instead of "level of threat", I've rearranged the section headings with conservation at the end. That section needs updating, as does the last paragraph in the lead. When you reference the FWS make sure it goes within tags as an inline reference. Cheers, Jack (talk) 12:31, 4 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Okay, I rewrote the last sentence of the Conservation status section. I'm not sure what you mean by inline reference, but please feel free to tinker with the reference if you're not happy with it. Also, I'm moving the section up, since the Vicuña Fiber section refers to its conservation status. —MiguelMunoz (talk) 20:49, 4 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I rearranged a few things and rewrote the opening paragraph. I'm reasonably happy with the article, at least regarding vicuña's conservation status and lineage.—MiguelMunoz (talk) 21:06, 4 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Actually, I'm still not quite happy with "level of threat," but I didn't change it to conservation status because the phrase "reduced its conservation status" doesn't make sense. A level may be reduced, and a status may be changed. Feel free to tinker.—MiguelMunoz (talk) 21:18, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

Mandibular incisors
Something should be said about their ever-growing rodent-like mandibular incisors. This is a trait not found in other Artiodacyls. Jack (talk) 01:17, 26 November 2008 (UTC)
 * 2 questions:
 * 1) Is this just an attribute of Vicuñas, or of all camelids?
 * 2) Do you have a reference?
 * —MiguelMunoz (talk) 20:02, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

annually?
I don't understand how something annual was only done every four years. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.64.181.205 (talk) 04:19, 29 October 2009 (UTC)

i saw this too, i amended it to exclude the 'annually', since the other has more specifics; thus more likely to be true? anyone has a better option or a reference, please do tell :) --Kooperg (talk) 23:44, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

Passage: Modern usage of Vicuna fleece
Should this content be shortened and added?

Loro Piana Italian uses vicuna wool -- the Incas called it "the fiber of the gods" -- for its best products. Suits made from vicuna cost $23,000, compared with $4,400 for those made from merino, which comes from sheep.

Loro Piana buys about 60% to 70% of Peru's supply of vicuna fleece. A couple of years ago, a Loro Piana consortium bought 100% through a contract with the government. As products made with vicuna proliferate, Loro Piana may find itself banking on a material of diminishing exclusivity, exactly the problem it was looking to avoid.

In 1994, Loro Piana formed a consortium that included Condortips, a textile producer from the southern Peruvian city of Arequipa, and Lanerie Agnona SpA, a northern Italian producer of knitwear. The consortium agreed to pay around $400 a kilogram of vicuna fleece -- at the time, about 14 times the price of cashmere, Loro Piana says. It also pledged to finance an association of vicuna herders to help improve breeding and conservation techniques. However, Loro Piana's 1994 deal with the Peruvian government expired in 2005, prompting the influx of competitors into the Andean high plains.

The arrangement fueled a comeback for Peru's vicunas. With sales of fleece generating income for farmers, the herds became a valuable resource, prompting the Peruvian government to send troops into the Pampa Galeras to defend the animals from guerrillas. About 180,000 vicunas now roam the Andean highlands -- more than double the number when the trade ban was relaxed. Mr. Loro Piana thinks the herd could top one million within a decade. "A large, large part of the increase in numbers is a result of the [economic] incentive," says Jane Wheeler, a researcher with Conopa, a Lima research institute that monitors Peru's vicuna populations. "People were suddenly more interested in having them alive than killing them for their pelts." Bringing the vicuna back to the market, however, turned out to be as tricky as restoring the herds. It's hard to pitch a product to a generation of consumers unaware of its existence, let alone its exclusivity. Vicuna's status as an animal in danger of extinction also created regulatory hurdles. Peru had cleared the fleece for export, but the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service kept a trade ban in place until 2002. "Fifty percent of our market was lost. So I was really discouraged for a while," Mr. Loro Piana recalls.

BeeBrinks (talk) 07:48, 31 August 2012 (UTC)

Altitude range
I have observed and photographed vicuna up to 5500m in the Cordillera Vilcanota. I think the altitude range cited here is not correct. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Georgekwatson (talk • contribs) 18:40, 5 July 2015 (UTC)

Predators
The article should say what the vicuña's natural predators are. Also why did people hunt them? Were they hunted primarily for their meat or their pelts, or both, or something else? The article should say. —MiguelMunoz (talk) 22:38, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20090201171201/http://ecos.fws.gov:80/speciesProfile/SpeciesReport.do?spcode=A02L to http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/SpeciesReport.do?spcode=A02L
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.lightandshadow.tv/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61&Itemid=87&lang=en
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Vicuna Coat as Political Scandal
Is it worth a mention that Sherman Adams one of the most powerful men in Washington in his time had his career torpedoed for accepting a Vicuna coat and oriental rug from a boston merchant?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherman_Adams#Scandal

--Patbahn (talk) 01:00, 4 January 2017 (UTC)

chaccu/chacu?
The first spelling occurs once, the second one twice - which is correct?213.127.210.95 (talk) 16:14, 9 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vicuña


text: User talk:69.235.211.118

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:69.235.211.118


text:
Second Helping

Second Helping is the second studio album by Lynyrd Skynyrd, released on April 15, 1974. It features the band's biggest hit single, "Sweet Home Alabama", an answer song to Neil Young's "Alabama" and "Southern Man", which reached #8 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in August 1974.

Second Helping reached #12 on the Billboard album charts. The RIAA certified it Gold on September 20, 1974, and Double Platinum on July 21, 1987.

Background
After the success of their debut album, (Pronounced 'Lĕh-'nérd 'Skin-'nérd), Lynyrd Skynyrd's fan base continued to grow rapidly throughout 1973, largely due to their opening slot on the Who's Quadrophenia tour in the United States. Second Helping features Ed King, Allen Collins, and Gary Rossington all collaborating with Ronnie Van Zant on the songwriting, and cemented the band's breakthrough.

Critical reception
Reviewing for Rolling Stone in 1974, Gordon Fletcher said Lynyrd Skynyrd performs a consistent style of Southern music-influenced blues rock similar to the Allman Brothers Band, but lacks their "sophistication and professionalism. If a song doesn't feel right to the Brothers, they work on it until it does; if it isn't right to Lynyrd Skynyrd, they are more likely to crank up their amps and blast their way through the bottleneck." Fletcher concluded that Second Helping is distinct from (Pronounced 'Lĕh-'nérd 'Skin-'nérd) "only by a certain mellowing out that indicates they may eventually acquire a level of savoirfaire to realize their many capabilities".

Robert Christgau in Creem was also lukewarm, saying Lynyrd Skynyrd is "still a substantial, tasteful band, but I have a hunch they blew their best stuff on the first platter." Christgau warmed to the album later, reappraising it in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981); he observed "infectious putdowns of rock businessmen, rock journalists, and heroin", and "great formula" in general: "When it rocks, three guitarists and a keyboard player pile elementary riffs and feedback noises into dense combinations broken by preplanned solos, while at quieter moments the spare vocabulary of the best Southern folk music is evoked or just plain duplicated."

In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine said Second Helping "replicated all the strengths" of the first album's expert Southern rock "but was a little tighter and a little more professional." Houston Press placed it #2 on its list of "Five Essential Boogie-Rock Albums."

Track listing

 * Sides one and two were combined as tracks 1–8 on CD reissues.

 * Track 9 previously released as the band's lead single in April 1974
 * Track 10 previously unreleased
 * Track 11 previously released on Legend

Personnel

 * Lynyrd Skynyrd
 * Ronnie Van Zant – lead vocals
 * Gary Rossington – guitar
 * Allen Collins – guitar
 * Ed King – guitar, backing vocals, bass on "I Need You" and "Don't Ask Me No Questions"
 * Leon Wilkeson – bass (all tracks except "I Need You" and "Don't Ask Me No Questions"), backing vocals
 * Bob Burns – drums, except "I Need You"
 * Billy Powell – keyboards

 * Additional personnel
 * Mike Porter – drums on "I Need You"
 * Merry Clayton, Clydie King, Sherlie Matthews – background vocals on "Sweet Home Alabama"
 * Bobby Keys, Trevor Lawrence and Steve Madaio – horns on "Don't Ask Me No Questions" and "Call Me the Breeze"
 * Al Kooper – backing vocals, piano on "Don't Ask Me No Questions" and "The Ballad of Curtis Loew"

title: Second Helping


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Pastitsio

Pastitsio (παστίτσιο, pastítsio) is a Greek baked pasta dish with ground meat and béchamel sauce, with variations of the dish found in other countries of the Mediterranean Sea.

Name and origin
Pastitsio takes its name from the Italian pasticcio, a large family of baked savory pies that may be based on meat, fish, or pasta, with many documented recipes from the early 16th century, and continuing to modern times. Italian versions include a pastry crust; some include béchamel.

The word pasticcio is attested by the 16th century as "any manner of pastie or pye" and comes from the vulgar Latin word pastīcium derived from pasta, and means "pie", and has developed the figurative meanings of "a mess", "a tough situation", or a pastiche.

In Egypt, it is called macarona béchamel (مكرونة بشاميل ). In the Albanian-speaking regions of the Balkans, the dish is called pastiçe, deriving from pasticcio. It is, however, often meatless and made with an egg and cheese mixture instead of béchamel. Pastitsio is also found on the island of Cyprus, where Greek Cypriots refer to is as makaronia tou fournou (Greek: μακαρόνια του φούρνου), whilst Turkish Cypriots refer to it as fırında makarna. Both names translate to "macaroni in the oven".

Greece
The most recent and most popular contemporary variant of pastitsio was invented by Nikolaos Tselementes, a French-trained Greek chef of the early 20th century. Before him, pastitsio in Greece had a filling of pasta, liver, meat, eggs, and cheese, did not include béchamel, and it was wrapped in filo, similar to the most Italian pasticcio recipes, which were wrapped in pastry. "He completely changed the dish and made it a kind of au gratin".

Tselementes' version—which is now ubiquitous —has a bottom layer that is bucatini or other tubular pasta, with cheese or egg as a binder; a middle layer of ground beef (or a mix of ground beef and ground pork) with tomato sauce, cinnamon and cloves. The top layer is a béchamel or a mornay sauce, with other spices like nutmeg or allspice added. Grated goat cheese is often sprinkled on top. Pastitsio is a common dish, and is often served as a main course, with a salad.

Egypt
The Egyptian version is called مكرونه بشمل makarōna bashamel in Egyptian Arabic, i.e. "macaroni béchamel". The dish is typically made with penne or macaroni pasta, a minced-meat sauce with tomato and onion, and a white sauce often enriched with Rumi cheese. Egg or cheese (cheddar and mozzarella) may also be baked on top. The dish was introduced to Egypt by Greek and Italian immigrants in the 19th century.

Malta
In Malta, timpana (the name probably derived from timballo) is made by tossing parboiled macaroni in a tomato sauce containing a small amount of minced beef or corned beef, bound with a mixture of raw egg and grated cheese. Hard-boiled eggs are sometimes added. The macaroni is then enclosed in a pastry case or lid before being baked. A similar dish without the pastry casing is imqarrun.

title: Pastitsio


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Talk:Radiation troopers

Fixed spelling and added a picture. I'm going to work on it more later. --Kross 05:35, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Radiation troopers


text: User talk:67.130.63.3

title: User talk:67.130.63.3


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Marquee Cinemas

Marquee Cinemas is a chain of movie theaters in the Eastern United States. Currently, the chain consists of theaters in these cities:

 * Cape Coral, Florida
 * Glasgow, Kentucky
 * Toms River, New Jersey
 * New Hartford, New York
 * Morganton, North Carolina
 * Raleigh, North Carolina
 * Bristol, Tennessee
 * Fredericksburg, Virginia Permanently closed on June 30th, 2024
 * Wytheville, Virginia
 * Beckley, West Virginia
 * Huntington, West Virginia
 * South Charleston, West Virginia
 * Summersville, West Virginia
 * Wheeling, West Virginia

title: Marquee Cinemas


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Talk:Yandabu Accord

Contents of this article is copied to Treaty of Yandaboo. Most of the content was written by me only. Prabhakar 05:39, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Yandabu Accord


text:
Talk:Snowtrooper

Add picture, fixed spelling a bit. I'm going to expand it later. --Kross 05:40, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Snowtrooper


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Two-man saw

A two-man saw (known colloquially as a "misery whip" ) is a saw designed for use by two sawyers. While some modern chainsaws are so large that they require two persons to control, two-man crosscut saws were primarily important when human power was used. Such a saw would typically be 4 to 12 ft long, and sometimes up to 16 ft, with a handle at each end. In some cases, such as when felling Giant Sequoias, sawblades could be brazed together end-to-end in order to create longer saws.

The technique in using a two-man saw involved a sawyer standing at each end. Together the sawyers would alternate pulling the saw through the wood. If the kerf began closing, causing the saw to bind, wedges would be inserted behind the sawblade in order to keep the kerf open. Cutting from underneath a suspended log, called "underbucking", might also have been used if binding became a big problem.

Many variations on the design were used, but they mainly fell into two types. Felling saws were used to fell the trees, and bucking saws were used to cut felled trees into log lengths for the sawmill. The two applications require slightly different designs: a felling saw has a narrower blade, allowing wedges to be more easily inserted, while a bucking saw has a wider blade, giving it more strength.

Two-man saws were designed to cut in both directions. Careful tooth design was necessary to clear the sawdust during the cut.

Two-man saws were known to the ancient Romans, but first became common in Europe in the mid-15th century. In America, crosscut saws were used as early as the mid-17th century, but felling saws only began to replace axes for felling trees in the late 19th century.

Some Japanese saws are used by two persons, although they are of a different design.

title: Two-man saw


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Henry Dyer

Henry Dyer (23 August 1848 – 25 September 1918) was a Scottish engineer who contributed much to founding Western-style technical education in Japan and Scottish-Japanese relations.

Early life
Henry Dyer was born on 16 August 1848, in the village of Muirmadkin (now absorbed into the town of Bellshill) in the Parish of Bothwell in what is now known as North Lanarkshire.

Around 1865, the Dyer family moved to Glasgow where Henry was employed at James Aitken and Company's foundry in Cranstonhill. There he served his apprenticeship as a student engineer under Thomas Kennedy and A C Kirk. At the same time, he attended classes at Anderson's College (later to become the University of Strathclyde) together with Yamao Yōzō.

Dyer studied engineering education at Glasgow University from 1868 under Professor William Rankine, who was eager to establish the faculty of engineering. He was the first Scot to win the Whitworth scholarship awarded in 1868, which was for the further instruction of young men gifted in the practice and theory of mechanics. Henry Dyer graduated from Glasgow University in 1873 with a "certificate in proficiency in engineering", the forerunner of the BSc in Engineering, from the Engineering department.

Japan (1873–1882)
Dyer is principally remembered in Japan for his contributions to curriculum development for the Imperial College of Engineering an engineering institution under the Public Works (Kobu Sho) of the Meiji Japan aimed at creating young Japanese engineers of various industrial fields to achieve rapid modernization.

Through an initiative in 1872 led by Yozo Yamao, the Meiji government sought teaching staff for a newly established engineering school. Hugh Matheson, a contact of Yamao, consulted with Lewis Gordon, and William John Macquorn Rankine. Rankine arranged for teaching staff led by Dyer as Principal and Professor of Engineering, and advised Itō Hirobumi, who was at that time the vice Ambassador of the Iwakura Mission.

The Engineering Institution aimed at creating young Japanese engineers who take responsibility for rapid industrialization. Dyer designed a six year academic curriculum consisting of basic (general and science subjects), professional (technical subjects) and practical courses of two years in duration for six departments. The ICE programme was a revised version of the Royal Indian Engineering College curriculum adapted to Japan's specific scientific and technical needs. To provide practical training, Dyer helped set up the Akabane Engineering Works, the largest in the Empire of Japan. Many of the major engineering works carried out in Japan at the end of the 19th century were by his former students, and Dyer also sent many to Glasgow to complete their education.

When he left the ICE in 1882, Dyer was made Honorary Principal and Emperor Meiji awarded him the Third Class of the Order of the Rising Sun, the highest Japanese honour available to foreigners. He had established a progressive system of engineering education in Tokyo and greatly contributed to the progress Japan made as an industrial power.

Returning from Japan, Henry Dyer brought back various Japanese artifacts and art works, some of which were later donated by his descendants to the Mitchell Library, Glasgow and Edinburgh Central Library. Included in the bequest to Edinburgh Central Library donated by Dyer's daughter Marie Ferguson Dyer, is the painted handscroll Theatres of the East by the Japanese artist Furuyama Moromasa, loose Japanese woodblock prints, bound woodblock printed volumes, bound volumes of paintings, and a collection of nineteenth century Japanese photographs attributed to Franz von Stillfried-Ratenicz.

Scotland (1882–1918)
Henry Dyer went back to Scotland and in 1886 became a life governor of the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College (previously Anderson's College, where he had been a student, and later to become the University of Strathclyde, and governor of the Glasgow and West of Scotland Agricultural College. He became a member of the Glasgow School Board in 1891 and was its president from 1914 until his death.

Dyer represented a tireless pro-Japanese lobby within Scotland. He assisted Japanese students, engineers and trainee managers and had a staunch ally in Captain A R Brown of the company Brown, McFarlane who had been responsible for taking the first Clyde-built ships to Japan. Dyer worked as an unofficial liaison officer for the Japanese Government in Glasgow and thanks to his efforts Glasgow University Court permitted Japanese as a language for entry in 1901. In the same year Professors Jōji Sakurai and Isao Iijima of the Tokyo Imperial University were awarded honorary degrees during the University’s Ninth Jubilee celebrations.

The University of Strathclyde's Henry Dyer Building, home to the Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, was named after him.

In 2015 he was inducted into the Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame.

Family
Married 23 May 1874, Marie Euphemia Aqaurt Ferguson, eldest daughter of Duncan Ferguson of Glasgow at the British Legation in Yokohama, Japan.

Publications

 * The Evolution of Industry (1895)
 * Dai Nippon: The Britain of the East (1904)
 * Japan in World Politics (1909)
 * (in 5 volumes)

External sources

 * - a detailed and informative site.

title: Henry Dyer


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User:The Bob Talbot

Robert O. Talbot Jr. was born on November 23, 1978, in West Memphis, Arkansas. He attended Arkansas State University for a few years and he used to work for The Man, but now he's a book ninja.

Articles I worked on years ago but no longer take any credit for because frankly, they have been destroyed

 * Black Oak Arkansas

Articles I worked on years ago that haven't been destroyed

 * Nelson (band)
 * Nestlé Pure Life
 * Ruby Starr

I created this one in 2005, pretty neat huh?

 * Fred Armisen

title: User:The Bob Talbot


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Alderley, Queensland

Alderley is a northern suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the, Alderley had a population of 6,748 people.

Geography
Alderley is 7 km north-west of the Brisbane CBD. It is surrounded by Newmarket in the south, Ashgrove and Enoggera in the west, Grange and Stafford in the east and Kedron and Everton Park in the north. At the, it had a population of 5,068.

History
The area is the traditional lands of the Turrbal clan of the Mianjin Australian Aboriginal people, who lived there long before British settlement. Corroborees were held at Sedgeley Park estate.

The name Alderley derives from Alderley Edge in Cheshire, England. Alderley is an older suburb, having had a post office since 1878 and a railway station since 1899.

On 19 April 1890, auctioneers G. T. Bell offered 296 residential lots (mostly 16 perches) in Alderley Park Estate on Hall Street, Alderley Street and Wakefield Street with South Pine Road to the west. The estate was diagonally opposite the Alderley Arms Hotel. At the time of sale, the Ferny Grove railway line had not yet been built however the proposed railway route line is marked on the land sale advertisement. Hall Street now terminates at the Alderley railway station instead of continuing through to South Pine Road as it was in 1890. At the auction, only 51 of the 296 lots were sold for an average price of for a total of.

On 14 March 1914 ,auctioneers Isles, Love & Co offered 86 residential lots (mostly 16 perches) in the Green Hills Estate bounded by Lloyd Street to the north, Cole Street to the east and both sides of Elfreda Street.

On 29 October 1921, auctioneers Blocksidge & Ferguson offered 232 residential allotments of 18 and 22 perches in the Smyth's Hill Estate bounded by Longsight Street to the north, Raymont Road to the south, Longsight Street to the west and Mornington Street to the east. (Mornington Street does not exist in this far south due to the subsequent development of Alderley Grove Park.)

On 17 June 1922, auctioneers Cameron Bros offered 53 residential sites of mostly 16 perches in Hall Street, Alderley Avenue and Wakefield Streets.

On 2 October 1937, auctioneers Isles, Love & Co offered 26 residential sites ranging from 24 to 31 perches in Section 2 of the Manwaring Estate on Goskar Avenue and Banks Road.

Grange Heights Methodist Church opened on Saturday 23 February 1946 at 26 Progress Road (-27.4244°N, 153.0071°W). It became Grange Heights Uniting Church. It closed between 1975 and 1990. The building still exists and is used as a childcare centre.

Trams operated by the Brisbane City Council ran to the suburb between 1949 and 1968.

Demographics
In the, Alderley recorded a population of 5,679 people, 51.1% female and 48.9% male. The median age of the Alderley population was 33 years, 4 years below the national median of 37. 78.5% of people living in Alderley were born in Australia, compared to the national average of 69.8%; the next most common countries of birth were England 3.1%, New Zealand 2.7%, India 1.1%, Nepal 0.9%, South Africa 0.6%. 88.4% of people spoke only English at home; the next most popular languages were 1% Nepali, 0.8% Italian, 0.7% Spanish, 0.6% Korean, 0.5% Cantonese.

In the, Alderley had a population of 6,117 people.

In the, Alderley had a population of 6,748 people.

Heritage listings
Alderley has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 * 16 Quarry Road: Strathearn
 * 39 David Street: Farrington House
 * 117 Mina Parade: Newmarket Brickworks Chimney

Education
There are no schools in Alderley. The nearest primary schools are Enoggera State School in neighbouring Enoggerra to the west, Wilston State School in neighbouring Grange to the east, Newmarket State School in neighbouring Newmarket to the south-east, and Oakleigh State School in neighbouring Ashgrove to the south-west. The nearest secondary schools are Everton Park State High School in Everton Park to the north and Kelvin Grove State College in Kelvin Grove to the south-east.

Amenities
Alderley has several warehouses, a police station and a community-based shopping complex that includes a supermarket. There are also a number of parks in the suburb:

 * Alderley Grove Park (-27.4199°N, 153.0077°W)
 * Banks Street Reserve (-27.4341°N, 152.9974°W)

 * Bermingham Street Park (-27.4221°N, 152.9984°W)

 * Greenhills Park (-27.4292°N, 152.9999°W)

 * Grinstead Park (-27.4175°N, 153.0014°W)

 * Quarry Park (-27.4251°N, 152.9976°W)

 * Sedgley Park (-27.4292°N, 153.006°W)

 * Shand Street Park (-27.4157°N, 152.9997°W)

 * Willmington Park (-27.4272°N, 152.9932°W)

title: Alderley, Queensland


text:
Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-04-18/Lucene search

For the first time in several months, it became possible again last week to search Wikipedia without using an external search engine.

Developer Brion Vibber reported on April 10 that a new search server had been set up. The server uses a program originally written by Kate last December based on the Lucene text search engine.

Kate indicated that in covering the search load from the English Wikipedia, Lucene was doing "a bit more than MySQL can manage on even the fastest database servers." The new search function is capable of suggesting spelling corrections and close title matches, and also provides a score evaluating the relevance of individual results to the search.

On Tuesday, search was taken offline again after an apparent memory leak in the server. With some additional debugging, the developers were able to restore it, also adding a second server to divide the workload involved.

On Thursday, Vibber indicated that searching was now activated on several additional languages. He added that while the search index did not yet update automatically as pages changed, he hoped this feature would be available shortly.

The search function has been active at various times over the past few years, but mostly unavailable for many months. Even when operating, it was often unavailable during peak traffic hours. Alternative external search boxes, first one using Google search and later a similar one using Yahoo! search, were made available during periods when internal searching was down.

As indicated, Kate wrote the current program in December and it was briefly implemented, but was soon taken down due to concerns that Sun's Java virtual machine, in which it was implemented, was not free software. The program has since been rewritten to use GCJ.

Also this week: Editor's note — Dworkin scoop — Tax exemption — Search — Spoken articles — Encarta digs — Design contest — T.R.O.L.L. — Features and admins — Press coverage


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User:JoeMelenchuk

Joseph don't you know $$Insert formula here$$

title: User:JoeMelenchuk


text:
Class 8

Class 8 may refer to:

 * 8 Metre (keelboat), class of racing yacht
 * Beneteau First Class 8
 * British Rail Class 08, British diesel shunting engine
 * BR Standard Class 8, British 4-6-2 steam locomotive
 * Chesapeake and Ohio class H-8
 * First Class 8, French racing yacht
 * G&SWR 8 Class
 * GCR Class 8, British 4-6-0 steam locomotive
 * GCR Class 8A
 * GCR Class 8B
 * GCR Classes 8D and 8E
 * GCR Class 8F
 * GCR Class 8H
 * GCR Class 8K
 * GCR Class 8N
 * HAZMAT Class 8 Corrosive Substances
 * Indian locomotive class WAG-8
 * Indian locomotive class WDS-8
 * K-8-class minesweeper
 * L&YR Class 8, British 4-6-0 steam locomotive
 * LMS Stanier Class 8F
 * LNER Class A8
 * LSWR C8 class
 * NSB Class 8, Norwegian standard-gauge steam locomotive
 * NSB Class VIII, Norwegian narrow-gauge steam locomotive
 * NSB El 8, Norwegian electric locomotive
 * NSB Di 8, Norwegian diesel locomotive
 * Pennsylvania Railroad class H8
 * Prussian G 8
 * Prussian G 8.1
 * Prussian P 8
 * SCORE Class 8, off-road racing trucks
 * South African Class 8A 4-8-0
 * Southern Pacific class AC-8
 * TT Class 8, type of tram in Trondheim, Norway
 * Class 8 truck, US truck class for heavy trucks over 33,000 pounds weight limit
 * Type C8-class ship

title: Class 8


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Talk:Treaty of Yandabo

Untitled
I have copied the sections "Historical Background" and "Yandaboo Accord" from the Yandaboo Accord article, which was mostly written by me. This portion, however, needs improvements. I'll contribute whatever more I can. Prabhakar 05:44, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The points in the article are the views of the British and the Assam people. They are different from Burmese historical accounts. Zeyar Aung

Thanks for pointing out. It is possible. Will you please add relevant material or provide me some links (or whatever material) so that I can accommodate a Burmese perspective also? Prabhakar 05:17, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

- According to the Burmese accounts, the first Anglo-Burmese war was not started by the Burmese attack on the British launched from Assam. It was started by the territorial dispute over Shinma Phyu island in Rakhine (Arakan) state, which is near also to Assam. However, it is true that Anglo-Burmese relation became deteriorated because of the Assam affair before the start of the war. - Secondly, the so-called "Assam Massacre" was not in the Burmese historical accounts (naturally). :-) We may need other historical evidences to confirm it. - As I am not a historian, I cannot cite the sources. Sorry. The above points are from what I've learnt from my high school history books. - The text of the treaty itself seems to be correct. I have no objection on it. Zeyar Aung

- I am not a historian, too. But anyway, I am trying my best to learn whatever happened during that period from whatever sources I get - so that I can produce a more authentic and factual article. You are right in the sense that only Assam was not the cause of the Anglo-Burmese war.

Furthermore, as far as Assam Massacre is concerned, it is true that some form of massacre happened. The stories from that period are passed from generation to generation in Assam (even some accounts claim that one in every three Assamese was killed). However, it didn't get much publicity because of a number of reasons - Assam was a backward region at that time, the community is small etc. But I understand that stories can't be used as proofs especially on such a sensitive matter. So I am trying to gather some authentic literature - which is very difficult for me as history is not my subject.

Please note that surprisingly the Burmese are not held responsible in Assam for the massacre and rather the then political leadership in Assam is held responsible (especially Badan Chandra Barphukan) for the event by the people and historians in Assam. Nor any ill feeling for Burma is held in the minds of Assamese people. You'll be surprised to know that around 2000 people from the Burmese army settled in Assam even after the Burmese army went away and they are taken in the Assamese society as brothers. The villages of their descendants are still available in Assam and these people are now considered as Assamese. What's more, some Assamese people were captured and taken away (most probably as slaves) by the Burmese army at that time (1826) still live in Burma today following Assamese customs & traditions.

You might be interested in reading a story based on history written by a famous Assamese author. The English translation is available at.

Prabhakar 06:25, 9 May 2005 (UTC)

- I have collected the following references from the web regarding the Assamese massacre by the Burmese army during 1820 - 1826: Prabhakar 06:48, 12 May 2005 (UTC)
 * http://www.assam.nic.in/introduction/ataglance.asp
 * http://www.koi-hai.com/DerekPerry.html
 * http://www.vedanti.com/News/hotnews.htm
 * http://www.assamdubai.org/pdf/Introducing Assam_to_Our_Young_Readers.pdf
 * http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h38-br.html

Useless article that should be totally rewritten
This isn't an article on the treaty, its an article on the treaty as it relates to the history of Assam. The entire article should be junked and rewritten.

Yandaboo?
Is this the correct name? because other scources mentioned Yadavo or Yandabo... And what means it ? Was he a person or was it justa place...
 * It is Yandabo not Yandaboo. Wagaung 19:32, 20 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I am thinking can it be Burmese version of "Rendezvous". Frech word "Rendezvous" was commonly used in Mandalay during those era. --210.24.174.90 (talk) 04:19, 30 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Spelling "Yandaboo" is correct in Britain of the period. I found this article after reading a British Asiatic Journal of the 1830s, using this spelling as the search parameter. - Yamara ✉  14:06, 9 November 2008 (UTC)

Redirection to Treaty of Yandabo
I rewrote the entire article because this article was about Assam, not about the treaty. And I also redirected to Treaty of Yandabo, with the correct spelling.Hybernator (talk) 01:52, 1 March 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Treaty of Yandabo


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Bonzo the Dog

Bonzo the Dog is a fictional cartoon character first created in 1922 by British comic strip artist George Studdy. The pup quickly rose to popularity in the 1920s. He starred in one of the world's first cartoons, became an inspiration for mass-marketed merchandise, and became a favourite among children and adults.

Creation
In 1912 George Studdy signed a contract with The Sketch to produce a weekly full-page drawing. Bonzo originally first appeared in several of Studdy's sketches in 1922 in "The Sketch" magazine. When war broke out, he was commissioned by Gaumont to produce a series of short films called “Studdy’s War Studies.” Studdy later introduced Bonzo into his sketches. Other "Studdy Dogs" had previously appeared in The Sketch, Pearson's Magazine, Bemrose Prints, Bystander, Holly Leaves, and Tatler. Bonzo also made appearances in The American Weekly, Fantasio, and Tit-Bits.

Bonzo the Dog had a lovable vibe and look. He was a white, chubby dog with a droopy face and saggy skin. He had big blue eyes and expressive ears which communicated his feeling to the audience through either film or sketch. He had one black ear and one white, some small black spots on his body, and a short, stubby tail.

Created around the same time as similar cartoons like Felix the Cat, Bonzo quickly became a popular icon not only in the United Kingdom, but was one of the first cartoon characters to be loved around the globe.

Some of Studdy's most famous Bonzo sketches include: “Bonzo discovers the Bonzosaurous egg,” “Bonzo recognizes a lost brother,” “Bonzo finds a trace of his ancestral courage in an old tapestry,” “Bonzo finds his Father – and wonders where the cash went.” There were all drafted in 1924 as part of the sketch series “Bonzo in search of his forefathers.”

Bonzo's stage debut was in 1923 in Jack Buchanan's production of "Battling Butler" at London's Adelphi Theatre, followed by "From Dover Street to Dixie" at the London Pavilion. George Atterbury played the part of Bonzo in a velvet dog costume in both productions. He also appeared alongside Lupino Lane in pantomime.

Bonzo's film career launched in 1924 at the Marble Arch Pavilion with the premier of the first of 26 cartoons, “Sausage Snatching Sensation.” Brian White was one of the New Era Films Ltd. animation team and went on to work on Pathe's Jerry the Tyke film series in 1925.

Bonzo, wearing a set of headphones, became associated with the Crosley Pup, an affordable mass-produced AM radio introduced by Powel Crosley Jr. in the United States in 1925. Years later, both Bonzo commercial items and Crosley Pup radios became valuable as collectibles. A paper mâché Crosley Bonzo is on display at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.

Merchandise
Bonzo was the source of inspiration for a major merchandise campaign. In the 1920s several bookstores, department stores, and toy stores were selling Bonzo merchandise. Merchandise was mass-produced and manufactured not only in Bonzo's home country of England, but also in America, Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Japan, and the Netherlands.

Some of the major merchandising campaigns include: Dean and Son's annuals and other books, Valentine & Sons postcards (approximately 500), the Artisco series of plaster figures, badges and pins, celluloid figures, Chad Valley and Steiff stuffed toys, Cowan & McKay toffee tins, Royal Grafton China, Royal Worcester and Royal Doulton figures, German and Japanese produced ceramics and most recently The Richard Dennis China Collection.

Impact
A well-known dog breeder, Major J.E. Power, sought Studdy's help and advice in attempting to produce a new breed of terrier inspired by Bonzo to be named the Bonzo Terrier. His attempts were a failure.

The British rock group Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band and "Bonzo" brand dog food take their name from the eponymous terrier.

In the novel “Busman’s Honeymoon” by Dorothy L. Sayers a Bonzo vase is mentioned. The vase is described as “So amusing, isn’t it, holding the flowers in his mouth like that, and his little pink waistcoat?”

title: Bonzo the Dog


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Bonzo

Bonzo may mean:

 * Nickname of John Bonham, the drummer for Led Zeppelin
 * Bonzo the dog, a fictional character that was created by British commercial artist George E. Studdy
 * A chimpanzee - the title character in the 1951 comedy film Bedtime for Bonzo, also starring Ronald Reagan
 * A nickname for Ronald Reagan, based on the film and mentioned in a number of songs:
 * "Five Minutes" (Bonzo Goes to Washington song) by the band Bonzo Goes to Washington, which refers to a microphone test speech made by Reagan
 * "My Brain Is Hanging Upside Down (Bonzo Goes to Bitburg)" by The Ramones
 * "Bad Time for Bonzo" by The Damned (band)
 * Bonzo Dog Band, sometimes referred to as The Bonzos
 * Bonzo Madrid, a character in the Ender series
 * Uncle Bonzo, a menacing figure from Puccini's Madama Butterfly
 * Bonzo (Piedmont), a former municipality in Piedmont, Italy

title: Bonzo


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The Light (Spock's Beard album)

The Light is the 1995 debut album by American progressive rock band Spock's Beard. The album features two different covers—one for its domestic release, and one for its European release. "The Light" has since become Spock's Beard's signature song. The album has since been remastered and re-released by Radiant Records.

Background and writing
In 1991, Morse left the Los Angeles music club life and moved to Nashville, TN. Morse took a motivational weekend course and realized that "I got into music because I loved it and I wanted to do big pieces." Two weeks later, Morse wrote The Light, Go the Way You Go, and The Water. Morse then invited his brother Alan Morse to play along on the demos. The Morse brothers later met drummer Nick D'Virgilio at a bar open jam night and was invited to join the band along with Dave Meros.

The title track, The Light, also signals the birth of the "Neal Morse epic", a signature of his longform songwriting that remains to this day.

Track listing
All songs written by Neal Morse except where noted.

Critical reception
In 2017, Prog Sphere ranked The Light as the second best album in the Spock's Beard discography behind V.

The title track, The Light, was ranked as the second best Modern Prog Song of the 1990-2015 period by The Prog Report in 2017.

Personnel

 * Neal Morse - lead vocals, mellotron, hammond organ, all other keyboards, acoustic & electric guitar
 * Alan Morse - lead electric guitar, cello, mellotron, vocals
 * Dave Meros - bass, french horn
 * Nick D'Virgilio - drums, percussion, backing vocals

 * Additional personnel
 * Molly Pasutti and Wanda Houston - background vocals on "The Water"

Release details

 * 1995, USA, SynPhonic, CD
 * 1998, USA, Metal Blade ?, Release Date 8 September 1998, CD
 * 2001, USA, Giant Electric Pea GEPCD1017, Release Date 30 July 2001, CD
 * 2004, UK, SPV Records SPV08528200, Release Date 22 March 2004, CD
 * 2004, UK, SPV Records SPV08728208, Release Date 17 May 2004, CD (Cover artwork special edition)

title: The Light (Spock's Beard album)


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CFBX-FM

CFBX-FM 92.5 FM, also known as "The X", is a campus radio station at Thompson Rivers University in Kamloops, British Columbia. During the 1980s, CFBX began operations at the university (then called Cariboo College) as a closed-circuit radio station under the name CMMD Radio. CMMD was short for Communications Media, the name of the course that produced and aired the station's content, produced a monthly campus newspaper (the 210 Express) and a weekly in house television news program. At this time CMMD Radio was located in room 210 of the Old Main building and only broadcast to the student lounges and the cafeteria at specific times of the day. This was entirely due to the radio station being run on a volunteer basis by the students enrolled in the Communications Media Program and as a training environment for the course curriculum. Students were given free run of the content and types of music played, as long as it followed the rules and regulations setout by the CRTC. All advertising, station IDs and promos were written and produced by the students, and students were encouraged to go out into the community to gather news and cover community events. Unfortunately by the beginning of the 1990s, the Communications Media Program was dropped and CMMD Radio was off the air.

During the early 2000s, CFBX applied to the CRTC for a license for a low-power radio station, which was approved.

Following CRTC approval, the station commenced aerial broadcasting on April 2, 2001, at 8:00am.

CFBX-FM is a member of the National Campus and Community Radio Association (NCRA).

title: CFBX-FM


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Annerley

Annerley is a suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the, Annerley had a population of 11,891 people.

Annerley is located 6.2 km by road south of the Brisbane CBD.

Geography
Much of the suburb is elevated, lying on a ridge that gives views of the city. For many years it was a somewhat rundown suburb, particularly close to main roads and with a lot of social housing, but with gentrification and the rise in the cost of housing, many of the original 'Queenslanders' have been restored to their former glory, giving the suburb an eclectic mix of residences for all socio-economic levels.

The suburb is of medium population density with many apartment blocks, guest houses and fast-food outlets. The major road in the suburb is Ipswich Road, one of Brisbane's main southerly traffic arteries. Until 13 April 1969, the suburb was served by electric trams, which ran along Ipswich Road.

The area where Ipswich Road intersects with Annerley Road (formerly Boggo Road) is commonly known as Annerley Junction which in turn gave its name to the local state primary school Junction Park State School.

History
The area was originally used for dairy farms.

Land sales
One of the first residential subdivisions was the "St Kilda Estate" bounded by Cornwall Street to the north, Boggo Road (now Annerley Road) to the west and Ipswich Road to the south. In 1866, the Junction Hotel was opened on the triangular corner of Ipswich Road and Boggo Road (now Annerley Road).

On 7 June 1884, J.B. Ellis auctioned 201 suburban allotments (66 to 30 perches) in the "River View Estate" which was bounded by River View Street (now Fanny Street) to the south and Old Ipswich Road (now Annerley Road) to the east and includes Caroline and Florence Streets (between the Fairfield railway station and the Junction Hotel). The auction did not sell all the allotments as on 8 September 1885 Hooker, Son & Elliott auctioned 89 unsold allotments in the same estate.

On 26 July 1884, James Duncan auctioned 20 suburban allotments (all 16 perches) in the "Hastings Estate" which were located on Fanny Street near the intersection with Hastings Street. These appear to be a later stage of an estate that was offered at least as early as 1869.

On 25 October 1884, Arthur Martin & Co auctioned 201 suburban allotments (mostly 16 perches) in the "Broadmere Estate" in Mary Street (now Broadmere Street), Clara Street, Frederick Street and George Street (now Somerville Street) around the intersection with Francis Street (now Tamworth Street).

In September 1885, the balance of the third and last section of the "Thompson Estate" was advertised for auction by L. J. Markwell. It consisted of approximately 300 allotments, subdivisions of Portion 85, which was bordered by Ipswich Road, Victoria Terrace and Juliette Street. A map advertising the auction provided a local sketch of the area. It also places the estate in Woolloongabba, now considered part of Annerley.

In July 1886, H. Ponsonby Cardew advertised 66 allotments for private sale in the "Ferndale Estate", subdivisions of Portion 110, Parish of Yerongpilly, including Alice Street (now Rigby Street), Gibson Street, Ferndale Street, Ellen Street (now Jester Street), Jessie Street (now Collins Street) and Government Road (now Ekibin Road East). A map advertising the sale states the land is situated just beyond the Junction Hotel, Ipswich Road.

In May 1888, Arthur Martin & Co., Auctioneers, advertised 44 allotments for auction in the "River View Estate", being subdivisions of Portions 159A and 160A, Parish of Yerongpilly. The map advertising the auction states the land is close to Junction Hotel. The land includes River View Street (now Fanny Street), Old Ipswich Road (now Annerley Road), Caroline and Florence Streets.

On 6 May 1889, Simon Fraser & Son Auctioneers advertised 8 allotments for sale on Ipswich Rd, being resubdivisions of 1 to 8 of Subdivision 43 to 46 Portion 173A, Parish of Yeerongpilly. The advertising map states the land is close to Junction Hotel and opposite Stephen's Divisional Board Office. The land is shown as located at the corner of Ipswich Rd and Boggo Rd (now Annerley Rd).

In October 1889, H. Ponsonby Cardew advertised 16 allotments for auction in the "Ferndale Estate" to close out the estate. A map advertising the auction includes a local sketch of the area.

In November 1889, T. Howling & Co., Auctioneers, advertised allotments for sale in the "Richter Estate", being subdivisions 1 to 94 of Portion 109, Parish of Bulimba. A map advertising the auction states that the land is close to Junction Ipswich Road.

In 1910, auctioneers Hooker, Son & Elliott offered 75 suburban allotments of 16 perches in the "Collins Estate" which was bounded by Ipswich Road to the west, Ekibin Road to the south and includes Rose Street (now Lambton Street), Jane Street (now Lothian Street), Alice Street (now Bower Street), Annie Street (now Real Street) and Mary Street (now Gustavson Street).

In April 1914, estate agent Arthur R. Webb offered 160 suburban allotments (mostly of 16 perches) in the "Queenstown Estate" which included allotments in Dairy Street (now Franklin Street), Taylor Street, Albert Street, Cosker Street, Queen Street (now Cavan Street), Hamlet Street and Woodville Place.

In October 1914, "Cracknell Hill Estate", made up of 115 allotments of 16 perches, was advertised for sale by Isles, Love & Co., Auctioneers. The map advertising the sale states that the estate was a five minute walk from the proposed new tram terminus at Chardon's Hotel.

In July 1915, "Tramway Terminus Estate", consisting of 17 allotments being resubdivisions of section 3 of Portion 109, was advertised to be auctioned by Cameron Bros., Town Hall Auctioneers. The land was bound by Ipswich Road, Richter Street and Ferndale Street. The map advertising the auction states that gas and water mains pass the estate and a few yards from Chardon's Hotel.

On 17 April 1920, auctioneers Cameron Brothers offered 97 allotments (mostly 16 perches) in the "Cracknell Hill Estate" which were in Queen Street (now Cavan Street), Hamlet Terrace (now Hamlet Street) and Woodville Place between Warwick Street (now Marjorie Street) and Percy Street. These appear to be unsold allotments of an estate first offered in October 1914.

In August 1924, Marcus F. Lyons & Winning advertised 312 allotments for private sale in the "Cracknel Road Estate", being subdivisions 1 to 313 of resubdivision 1 and 2 of portion 113, Parish of Yeerongpilly. A map advertising the sale states the estate is 5 minutes from Ipswich Road Trams, water main and electricity passes through the estate; and gas is handy to the estate.

Post Office
Around 1880 a postal receiving office was opened at Boggo, which became Boggo Post Office on 1 May 1882. There was a proposal to rename it Richmond Post Office but this was rejected owing to the potential for confusion with Richmond, North Queensland and Richmond, New South Wales and new alternative names were sought. At this point it is believed that Digby Denham, then a member of the Stephens Divisional Board (and later a Premier of Queensland), proposed to call it Annerley after the township variously spelled Annerley, Annerly or Anerly in Surrey, England. The post office was renamed Annerley Post Office in November 1892.

St John's Presbyterian Church
The Thompson Estate Presbyterian Church opened on 16 May 1886 at 23-29 King Street. It was a weatherboard building built in the Victorian Carpenter Gothic style, 30 by 25 feet at a cost of £150 by Mr Krause. It was an initiative by local residents who were then part of the congregation of the Park Presbyterian Church in South Brisbane. In 1922 the minister Reverend Alexander Duff began to fundraise for a larger church. In 1929 the new church was built to the west of the first church (which would become the church hall). On Saturday 23 November 1929, the second church was officially opened and dedicated to St John by the Presbyterian Moderator of Queensland, Reverend John Sinclair. The new church was designed by architect George Trotter, a member of the congregation, in Federation Gothic style. It was built by Edward Kirby for £3,500. The main body of the church was 61 by 32 feet, capable of seating 300 people, with a proscenium and recess for a pipe organ and two vestries, each 15 by 11 ft.

Outreach efforts in Coorparoo commenced with Sunday school and Sunday evening services held in the Shire Hall on Cavendish Road. Land in Emlyn Street was purchased for £550 and a hall erected at a cost of £1500, opening in July 1928. In September 1931, Coorparoo Presbyterian Church engaged its first minister Reverend Andrew Cuthbertson Kennedy.

Shire of Stephens
On 14 October 1886, following a successful petition from ratepayers to create a new division, Stephens Division was severed from subdivision No. 1 of Yeerongpilly Division. In 1903 it became the Shire of Stephens. Annerley was the seat of the Shire of Stephens. The shire offices were located on Ipswich Road between Victoria Terrace and Junction Terrace (-27.5069°N, 153.0347°W). After the shire became part of the City of Brisbane in 1925, the land was sold and the offices relocated on the block to become a residence at 15 Ealing Street (-27.507°N, 153.0351°W).

St Philip's Anglican Church
St Philip's Anglican Church in Thompson Estate (as the area was then known) was dedicated on 18 October 1886 by Archbishop of Brisbane William Webber. It was designed by architect John Henry Burley and was built by J.W. Stranson. The church bell was a gift of Abraham Fleetwood Luya and the baptismal font was the gift of stonemason Andrew Lang Petrie. On 7 December 1905, the church was "reduced to ruin" by a severe storm which caused extensive flooding and the death of two children. It was extended and re-dedicated on 1 April 1906 by St. Clair Donaldson, Archbishop of Brisbane, with Henry Wallace Atkinson as architect. The old church was destroyed by fire 28 November 1954 after work on the new church had begun. The current church was consecrated by the Archbishop Reginald Halse on 1 December 1955. It is listed on the Brisbane Heritage Register. There were at least two parishioners that lost their lives at Gallipoli. "At St Philips we know of only two of our parishioners who were part of this landing at Gallipoli who later died on 5 April 1918 in France. The two were good mates and brother and brother in law. They died on the same day in the same battle recorded by the historian Charles Bean. ....Reginald Verry and his brother in law James Victor Atkinson." A state funeral was held at the church for Gordon Brown who was a Senator for Queensland from 1932 to 1965 (as a member of the Australia Labor Party); his ashes are kept in the church's columbarium.

Thompson Estate Methodist Church
A Wesleyan Methodist Church opened at 151 Cornwall Street, Thompson Estate, on Sunday 4 November 1888. A Wesleyan Sunday School had operated in that area in the public hall in Regent Street from February 1887; its popularity leading to the decision to build a church. The church was designed by architects Mark Taylor and William Richer and built by Mr C Topper.

On 25 August 1973, it was officially re-opened as an Apostolic Church by Apostles A. Niemeyer and Emil Zielke. A stained glass window with the church's logo was installed at the front of the church.

Annerley Congregational Church
A Congregational Church community formed in the Cracknell Road area with the commencement of Sunday schools in the homes of Mrs B. G. Wilson (The Wilderness) and Mrs W. G. Grimes (Tarragindi House). In 1899 a small church building in Tarragindi was relocated to Cracknell Road (opposite the site of the current Uniting Church) with the first service held there on 30 May 1899, although not officially opened until 1901. By 1915 the congregation purchased the site opposite (the site of the current Brisbane Fijian Uniting Church) for £500 and build on that site a manse. In 1924 when it was decided to build a new church building on the current site, the manse was relocated to Horatio Street. The foundation stone of the new Cracknell Road Congregational Church was laid on 21 March 1925 by A. Walker. The church opened on 28 June 1925. The architect was Thomas Brenan Femister Gargett of Atkinson & Conrad and the contractor was C. G. Harris. The Jubilee Hall was built at the rear of the church in 1951 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the church. In 1977, the church became the Annerley Uniting Church when it joined with many Congregational, Presbyterian and Methodists churches in an amalgamation to form the Uniting Church in Australia. It later became the Brisbane Fijian Uniting Church.

Annerley Methodist Church
Circa 1889-1890, a Primitive Methodist Mission Hall/Church was operating at Ipswich Road at The Junction. On Sunday 30 November 1890 the new Primitive Methodist Church was opened at 541 Ipswich Road (corner Taunton Street, -27.5165°N, 153.0297°W) at a cost of £250. In August 1917 a new church was erected to the right of the old church which was later demolished. In May 1940 there was a stump capping ceremony for a hall to be erected behind the church. On Tuesday 8 October 1946 a fire badly damaged the church's hall but the firemen managed to save the church. A brick-veneer church building was subsequently constructed. The church was still operating in 1975, but by 1990 the church had closed and the building was being used as an antiques shop.

Annerley Church of Christ
On 4 February 1913, a Bible school commenced at Walker's Memorial Hall at 486 Ipswich Road (on the corner with Dudley Street East, -27.5106°N, 153.0325°W), now the site of the Westpac Bank building. On 24 August 1913 a congregation was formed, also meeting at the Hall as well as holding tent meetings at the Annerley Junction (where Annerley Road and Ipswich Road meet). A letter from the Church of Christ in Ann Street in the Brisbane CBD dated 1 February 1914 formally acknowledged that part of its congregation were severing their connection with that church to form a self-governing Church of Christ at Annerley. As Walker's Hall had no facility suitable for the immersion baptism practiced by the church, these ceremonies were conducted in a clear pool in Ekibin Creek. In June 1918 an offer was made to the church to buy Walker's Hall for £500. The church considered the offer but declined, purchasing a site on Annerley Road in 1919 instead. In 1920 the vacant Vernor Church of Christ building was relocated to the Annerley Road site and re-erected as the first Annerley Church of Christ. By the 1960s the need for a new chapel was evident and on 21 November 1963 the Brisbane City Council approved the plans for a new chapel and school rooms, a project with an estimated cost of £13,000. The new chapel was officially opened on Sunday 11 October 1964.

Mary Immaculate Church
The original timber church was built in 1914 as a temporary building until such time something larger and more permanent could be built. In 1929 Archbishop James Duhig instructed the parish priest, Fr James Kelly to build a new church, which was dedicated by Archbishop Duhig on 1 May 1932. The current church was built during the depression, and in a great testament to the Catholic community of Annerley, provided employment for 30 men. Mary Immaculate Church is built in the French Gothic style with some notable features including an octagonal bell tower with a copper spire and a large rose window on its western face. Over the facade of the church are the Latin words Hic est Domus Dei, which translates as This is the House of God. The interior of the church has seen several changes over the years, but recently much of the interior of the church has been restored to its original design with the refurbishment of the original sanctuary floor and installation of altar rails to match those that were there originally. Mary Immaculate Church is an imposing and historically significant building in the area and a testament of faith to the people of Annerley. It is listed on the Brisbane Heritage Register.

Annerley Baptist Church
On Saturday 9 February 1935, the Annerley Baptist Church was opened on its current 470 Ipswich Road site by Reverend John Carnegie Farquhar. The church building had been relocated from Fairfield, where it had formerly been the Fairfield Baptist Church. The church building had first opened for worship in Fairfield on 24 December (Christmas Eve) 1865 followed by a celebratory luncheon on 26 December (Boxing Day) as a branch of the Vulture Street Baptist Church. Located on the south-western corner of Dudley Street and Lang Street (now Lagonda Street) approximately 1/4 mile west of Ipswich Road, it was large enough to accommodate 90 to 100 people. In 1888 a larger building was erected. The church was established and operated by brothers George and Samuel Grimes, until 1906 when Reverend Thomas Edward Ashworth was appointed as the first minister. By 1927 it was decided that the church needed a more prominent location, and in 1928 a property on Ipswich Road was purchased for £1,625. During 1934 services were held in the church hall while the church building was being relocated to the Ipswich Road site and refurbished. The last service was held at Fairfield on 9 December 1934. The official re-opening of the church at Ipswich Road was on 9 February 1935, but some services and functions had taken place at Ipswich Road prior to this.

The appointment of Reverend Chester Hope Eric Martin in July 1938 led to the commencement of an outreach program, starting with the establishment of a Sunday School in Fairfield and in 1940 a building was erected as a hall in which services were held. The success of establishing a Sunday School at the Tarragindi State School, led to the purchase of land in Tarragindi and the relocation of a building to serve as a hall. The church hall at Tarragindi officially opened on 14 February 1953, becoming a church in its own right on 12 August 1956. Land was also acquired in Salisbury and a hall established there, becoming a church on 24 June 1956.

The Billy Graham Crusade in 1959 had a great impact on the church and its work.

The foundation stone of the current brick Annerley Baptist Church building on the Ipswich Road site was unveiled on 13 March 1965 by Philip Joseph Hancox, President of the Baptist Union of Queensland. On Saturday 26 June 1965, Hancox returned to open and dedicate the new church building.

Annerley Library
The Annerley public library was opened in 1957 at 448 Ipswich Road. It was designed in 1956 by architect James Birrell and is listed on the Brisbane Heritage Register.

Our Lady's College
In 1964, the Sisters of St Joseph also opened a secondary school for girls called Our Lady's College. Since 1976, the school has been operated by Brisbane Catholic Education.

Demographics
In the, Annerley recorded a population of 10,664 people, 50.2% female and 49.8% male. The median age of the Annerley population was 32 years, 5 years below the national median of 37. 62.1% of people living in Annerley were born in Australia, compared to the national average of 69.8%; the next most common countries of birth were India 3.6%, New Zealand 3.5%, England 3%, China 1.6%, Vietnam 1.5%. 70.1% of people spoke only English at home; the next most popular languages were 2.2% Mandarin, 2% Greek, 1.8% Vietnamese, 1.2% Malayalam, 1.2% Cantonese.

In the, Annerley had a population of 11,336 people.

In the, Annerley had a population of 11,891 people.

Heritage listings
There are a number of heritage-listed sites in Annerley, including:
 * 260 Annerley Road: Hefferan Park Air Raid Shelter
 * 391 Annerley Road: Ingleside, former residence of Digby Denham, Premier of Queensland
 * 34 Brisbane Street: Residence
 * 151 Cornwall Street (corner King Street): Apostolic church (formerly Methodist church)
 * 29 Cracknell Road: Brisbane Fijian Uniting Church (also known as the Annerley Uniting Church and formerly Cracknell Road Congregational Church)
 * 158 Dudley Street: former Annerley Army Reserve Depot
 * 15 Ealing Street: former Stephens Shire office
 * 68 Emperor Street: Residence
 * 413 Ipswich Road: Tram substation (part of the infrastructure of Brisbane's former tramways, now used as a hotel restaurant)
 * 413 Ipswich Road: Fig tree (the sole survivor of an avenue of fig trees planted on Ipswich Road in Annerley between 1911 and 1955)
 * 444 Ipswich Road: Police Station (built in 1925 and still in use as a police station)
 * 448 Ipswich Road: Annerley Library & Community Centre
 * 616 Ipswich Road: Mary Immaculate Catholic Church (a notable city landmark due to its prominent position and its imposing interwar Gothic architecture)
 * 770 Ipswich Road: Shops
 * 22 Junction Terrace: Residence
 * 23 Junction Terrace: Residence
 * 23 King Street: St John's Presbyterian Church
 * 20 Laurier Street: Residence
 * 35 Waldheim Street: former Stephen's Farm Homestead
 * 50 Waldheim Street: Junction Park State School
 * 6 Young Street: Residence Cambrae
 * 11 Young Street: Residence Cockerill
 * 12 Young Street: Duplex Coombie
 * 17 Young Street: Residence
 * 34 Young Street: Duplex Kama Lodge

In addition there are many period homes, which, although not heritage-listed, contribute to the aesthetics of the suburb, including:
 * 607 Ipswich Road: Rockmont (house)

Education
Junction Park State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 50 Waldheim Street (-27.5099°N, 153.0353°W). In 2012, the school had an enrolment of 373 students with 29 teachers (22.9 full-time equivalent). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 476 students with 39 teachers (32 full-time equivalent) and 19 non-teaching staff (12 full-time equivalent). It includes a special education program.

Mary Immaculate Primary School is a Catholic primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 616 Ipswich Road (-27.5159°N, 153.0303°W). In 2013, the school had an enrolment of 140 students with 17 teachers (10.9 full-time equivalent). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 114 students with 18 teachers (12 full-time equivalent) and 9 non-teaching staff (4 full-time equivalent). The school's long-standing nickname is Mary Mac or Marymac, so much so that Marymac was chosen as the official name of the community hall on the school's site.

Our Lady's College is a Catholic secondary (7-12) school for girls at 15 Chester Road (-27.5156°N, 153.0319°W). In 2013, the school had an enrolment of 347 students with 32 teachers (32.68 full-time equivalent). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 327 students with 31 teachers (30 full-time equivalent) and 16 non-teaching staff (12 full-time equivalent).

There is no government secondary school in Annerley. The nearest government secondary school is Yeronga State High School in neighbouring Yeronga to the south-west.

Amenities
The Brisbane City Council operates the Annerley public library at 448 Ipswich Road (-27.5094°N, 153.0333°W).

Mary Immaculate Church is a heritage-listed Roman Catholic church situated within the Archdiocese of Brisbane. The church is located on the corner of Ipswich Road and Ferndale Street (-27.5168°N, 153.0303°W). St Philip's Anglican church is at 115 Cornwall Street (-27.5015°N, 153.0369°W). The Brisbane congregation of the Mar Thoma Church also hold their services at St Philip's.

St John's Presbyterian Church at 23 King Street (-27.5027°N, 153.0368°W) and conducts Sunday services. It is a congregation of the Presbyterian Church of Australia.

Brisbane Fijian Uniting Church (also known as Annerley Uniting Church and Stephens Fijian Uniting Church) is at 29 Cracknell Road (-27.5189°N, 153.0307°W). It is part of the South Moreton Presbytery of the Uniting Church in Australia. It holds Sunday services, in English in the morning and in Fijian in the afternoon.

Annerley Church of Christ conducts Sunday services in English, Spanish, and Farsi at 459 Annerley Road (-27.5093°N, 153.0324°W).

Annerley Baptist Church is at 560 Ipswich Road (-27.5132°N, 153.0316°W). The Westside Tongan Church conduct their services at the Baptist Church; it is part of the Wesleyan Methodist Church.

Annerley Apostolic Church is 151 Cornwall Street (-27.5019°N, 153.0389°W).

Events
Annerley Junction now hosts a number of yearly events which are organised by the Annerley Junction Traders' Association. The first Christmas event "Junction Fair" was first hosted on 8 December 2012. The first "Junction Jumble Sale" was held on 22 June 2012. Both events were more successful than expected and Junction Fair was rebranded as the "Annerley Junction Christmas Fair" and was held on 7 December 2013.

The annual Annerley Junction Fest now occurs on the second Saturday of October and includes a children’s area, fashion Parades, Art show, food and market stalls and a short film competition. junctionfest.com.au

Notable residents

 * Digby Denham, 18th Premier of Queensland lived at Ingleside, 391 Annerley Road
 * Ken Fletcher, Australian tennis player who won numerous doubles and mixed doubles Grand Slam titles was born in Annerley Junction
 * Ainsley Gotto, political secretary and interior designer born here in 14 February 1946
 * Hugh Lunn, Journalist and writer lived at 484 Ipswich Rd in the 'Lunns for Buns' cake shop made famous in his autobiographical novel,"Over the Top with Jim"

title: Annerley


text:
Kathryn Frost

Major General Kathryn George Frost (November 7, 1948 – August 18, 2006) was the commander of the United States Army and Air Force Exchange Service from August 2002 to April 2005. At the time of her retirement, she was the highest-ranking woman in the United States Army. She was also the wife of former United States Representative Martin Frost of Texas.

Early life and education
Frost held a Bachelor of Arts in Education from the University of South Carolina and a Master of Arts in Counseling from Wayne State University.

Military career
Frost's military career covered thirty-one years and included a four-year assignment as the Adjutant General of the United States Army, with concurrent assignment as the Commanding General, Physical Disability Agency, and Executive Director, Military Postal Service Agency, and as the Commander, Eastern Sector, United States Military Entrance Processing Command. She served on the staff of then-Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Colin Powell during the 1991 Gulf War and as a White House aide under the first Bush and Reagan administrations.

Following her retirement from the army, she was offered the position of executive director of the American Association of University Women, an offer she was forced to decline for health reasons. Frost died on August 18, 2006, from breast cancer.

Personal life
Shortly before assuming the post at AAFES, Frost was diagnosed with breast cancer. She publicly stated that her military training gave her an advantage in dealing with cancer.

title: Kathryn Frost


text:
Talk:Bonzo the Dog

Blurb for Did You Know feature
Did You Know

...Bonzo the dog, a fictional character created by British artist George Studdy in the early 1920s, wearing a set of headphones, became associated with the Crosley Pup, an affordable mass-produced AM radio introduced by Powel Crosley Jr. in the United States in 1925.

Capitalize the D in this page's title
The official website for this character as well as the body of the article refers to the character as "Bonzo the Dog". 199.172.214.60 (talk) 05:02, 16 November 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 09:38, 23 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Excelsior Reifen Sammlung Marc Wegner.png

Cartoons
Reading the page it sounds like Bonzo was a cartoon character with animated shorts. Would this be one? MonkeyBBGB (talk) 14:31, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

 * Found some more Bonzo shorts. Look like the character was in more than just comics. MonkeyBBGB (talk) 13:12, 12 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bonzo the Dog


text:
Talk:Wally Nelson

Untitled
I miss Wally. I miss him a lot. Probably the closest I'm going to get in my life to know a Gandhi or King. I'm glad my daughter had the chance to get to know him.

I hold the copyright to the material that this page was forked from (at sniggle.net) so there's no violation - I clear the forked versoin for relicensing at wikipedia.-Moorlock 23:41, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I can verify that statement. Moorlock holds the copyrights to the site at sniggle.net. Aecis 10:50, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

-

Ditto that first paragraph -- did I write it? ;) I check in here now and then, but I don't think it was me.  I didn't know them when I lived nearby, and then I never missed a chance to visit when I had to come from  across country.  My daughter remembers pulling weeds with him in their garden when she was 5, and if I show her his photo, says she remembers him, his voice, and so far, he is the oldest person she's ever met.  That's an example of vital age I'd like her to retain in memory.

She loved their soup, too, cooked on the woodstove. So did I.

Wally redefines the idea of "success" for many of us. And, to keep this short, I'll just say that it fits what Dr King said on his last night: "I won't have any money to leave behind. I won't have a lot of fancy things to leave behind.  I just want to leave behind a committed life." And your memory in the lives of those you've touched.

I've never edited a page in Wikipedia -- if this saves, then it's for all of us who love Wally and Juanita. If it doesn't save, then it's just for you, Wally, my link to a part of myself I cherish most. (Didn't someone call Conscience the voice of the Divine inside us?) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.5.119.47 (talk) 02:41, 1 September 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Wally Nelson


text:
Green kingfisher

The green kingfisher (Chloroceryle americana) is a species of "water kingfisher" in the subfamily Cerylinae of the family Alcedinidae. It is found from southern Texas in the United States south through Central America, in every mainland South American country except Chile and Trinidad and Tobago.

Taxonomy and systematics
The green kingfisher was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the other kingfishers in the genus Alcedo and coined the binomial name Alcedo americana. Gmelin based his description on "Le martin-pêcheur vert et blanc" from Cayenne that had been described and illustrated in 1780 by the French polymath Comte de Buffon and also the "white and green kingfisher" that had been described in 1782 by the English ornithologist John Latham. The green kingfisher is now placed in the genus Chloroceryle that was introduced in 1848 by Johann Jakob Kaup.

A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2006 found that the green kingfisher is a sister species to the larger green-and-rufous kingfisher (C. inda).

Five subspecies are recognized:

Some populations of C. a. septentrionalis have in the past been separated as subspecies C. a. vanrossemi and C. a. isthmica. The population of Trinidad and Tobago, usually included with C. a. americana, has in the past been treated as subspecies C. a. croteta. Other populations of C. a. americana have been suggested to be split as C. a. hellmayri and C. a. bottomeana. None of these subspecies are currently (2022) recognized by major worldwide taxonomic systems.

Description
The green kingfisher is about 20 cm long and weighs about 35 to 40 g; females are larger and heavier than males. Birds in the northern and southern parts of its range, and those west of the Andes, are larger and heavier than the others, but the differences tend to be clinal. The species has the typical kingfisher shape with long heavy bill (heaviest in Trinidad and Tobago); in contrast to many other kingfishers, however, it does not have an obvious crest. The bill is black with some horn color at the base of the mandible and its legs and feet are dark gray. Both sexes have green upperparts with two or more rows of white spots on the flight feathers. Their underparts are mostly white with green spots on the sides and flanks. Their tail is green with much white on the outer feathers that shows best in flight. Adult males have a white collar and a rufous breast. Adult females have a white collar, a buffy throat and breast, and a band of green speckles across the breast and upper belly. Juveniles resemble females but are duller and have small buff spots on their crown and wing coverts.

One vocalization "resembles the striking of two pebbles together, usually single or double". Another is "a harsh, buzzy scold, described variously as tsheersh, tseelp or zchrrk". Authors differ on their interpretations of whether the vocalizations are calls or songs and if they are calls, what their purpose is.

The subspecies differ somewhat in the shade of the upperparts' green, the amount of white on the wings and tail, the amount and size of the flank markings, and the extent of the breast bands (complete or not). However, there is much individual variation within each subspecies and the differences are to some extent clinal, so the differences among the subspecies tend to be obscured.

Distribution and habitat
The green kingfisher inhabits wooded shorelines of streams and freshwater ponds and lakes. It favors still or slow-moving water, and though it requires low vegetation for hunting perches it generally prefers relatively open habitat rather than dense forest. It is a year-round resident throughout its range but roams a territory that may be as much as 1 km or more of river.

Feeding
The Amazon kingfisher usually hunts from a perch from which it dives into water for its prey. The perch is typically about 1 to 1.5 m high; it may be directly over water or within a few meters of its edge. In a study in Amazonia about half of the perches were bare snags and the rest were a mix of leafless and leafy trees and bushes. It usually shifts perches after each foray. Occasionally it hovers before diving, sometimes from as high as 6 m. Pairs often defend feeding territories from other green kingfishers but seldom from other kingfisher species.

The prey is mostly small fish but includes crustaceans such as shrimp and also adult and nymph aquatic and terrestrial insects. The size of the fish taken varies, apparently with availability and the presence of other species of kingfishers. Studies have published sizes as 8 to 80 mm, as averages of 19.4 mm and 41.1 mm at different sites, and as "seldom exceed[ing] a length of two inches".

Breeding
The green kingfisher's breeding season varies geographically. In Central America it is during the dry season of spring and early summer. In Suriname and Guyana, it usually extends to August and occasionally to December or beyond. Breeding dates further south have not been documented. Both members of a pair excavate a nest burrow, almost always in an earthen bank of a stream or river. It is up to 1 m long with a small nest chamber at the end. The clutch size varies from two to six. The incubation period is 19 to 21 days; usually the female incubates at night and the parents alternate during the day. The young fledge 26 to 27 days after hatching and the parents chase juveniles from their territory about 29 days after fledging.

Status
The IUCN has assessed the green kingfisher as being of Least Concern. It has an extremely large range. Its estimated population of about 20 million mature individuals is, however, believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified.

title: Green kingfisher