text:
Talk:Jonah Lomu

Unreferenced implausible statistic
I deleted this sentence because the statistic about waist size is unreferenced and patently false - he was not a wasp - and I cannot see how to rewrite the sentence without it.

"However, his waist measurement of 69 cm implies a Body Shape Index consistent with a healthy weight." 146.200.236.229 (talk) 02:19, 18 November 2015 (UTC)

Using 'Jonah'
I see that User:Grstain has replaced most occurrences of 'Jonah' in the text with 'Lomu'. I preferred using 'Jonah' occasionally to add variety to the text. Also, in New Zealand everyone over 14 knows who Jonah is, without reference to the surname. Papeschr 07:49, 27 October 2005 (UTC)
 * He is the best...
 * It sounds more encyclopaedic if it has his surname....

Latest revision
Nice work, fellow Wikipedians. This article has come a LONG way in the last year!! Compare it with version 31579393 Papeschr 06:01, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

Jonah, as great as he was back in the day, was one of the worst defenders I've ever seen. Teams would just drop the ball in behind his corner and he would have no clue what to do with himself (once I think the ball rebounded off his head when he was attempting to catch it ) - neways I think this is a good article... - Poppa quirke

Opening / Personal Life
The opening paragraphs need better reference with Jonah's childhood / upbringing / early personal life as is customary in Wikipedia. His story was personally documented in Sky's "Anger Within" so not a huge secret. The more trivial stuff can be expanded on lower down like his financial problems, without unnecessary detail about car finance and house rental which is tittle tattle. Yes he did have a difficult / unusual upbringing, stormy / difficult relationships, fell ill. Someone with health problems is likely to run into financial difficulties. Can we just stick with more rounded facts and fix the opening. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.172.99.97 (talk) 09:51, 3 September 2016 (UTC)

References appear problematic
The references that cite websites appear to have a mistake An example ^ Jonah Lomu. kidzworld.com. Retrieved on 2007 July 22.

Well the article exists but the 'Retrieved on' is kind of problematic given that is sometime in the future

No biggie. Very well written otherwise --Tiucsib 06:09, 20 April 2007 (UTC)
 * It looks fine to me....-- Cometstyles 15:09, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

 * OK I must be missing something. Here is a cut and paste of the 1st four references at the bottom of the article. I have marked them in bold. They show a Retrieved on Date that is in the future.

1. ^ Jonah Lomu. kidzworld.com. Retrieved on 2007 July 22. 2. ^ Jonah Lomu's rugby journey. bbc.co.uk. Retrieved on 2007 July 22. 3. ^ a b c d Jonah Lomu. allblacks.com. Retrieved on 2007 July 22. 4. ^ Jonah Lomu. abc.net.au. Retrieved on 2007 July 22. --Tiucsib 21:17, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

re

 * Ehh..here is mine copy and paste

# ^ Jonah Lomu. kidzworld.com. Retrieved on July 22, 2006. # ^ Jonah Lomu's rugby journey. bbc.co.uk. Retrieved on July 22, 2006. # ^ a b c d Jonah Lomu. allblacks.com. Retrieved on July 22, 2006. # ^ Jonah Lomu. abc.net.au. Retrieved on July 22, 2006.

 * Maybe something is wrong with the date (clock) on your computer, try to see if the same thing applies for any other article such as Daniel Carter..-- Cometstyles 10:19, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I checked. For Daniel Carter and I still get 2007 but the dates are in the past

 * References

1. ^ All Blacks crush Boks. sport.iafrica.com (2006-08-23). Retrieved on 2007-02-11. 2. ^ "Daniel Carter To Buy World's First Microsoft Windows Vista PC And Auction It For Charity", News Wire, Newswire.co.nz, 2007-01-27. Retrieved on 2007-01-29.
 * So I dig deeper. It's not the clock, I checked that 1st.
 * So what is different between mine and yours
 * I use Vista
 * I use Firefox - I checked Jonah Lomu in Internet Explorer and it reads 2006 and not 2007
 * Therefore it looks like the function does not work in Firefox. Alternatively it is a Firefox/Vista combo problem

 * On Internet Explorer (Vista)
 * References
 * ^ Jonah Lomu. kidzworld.com. Retrieved on 22 July 2006.
 * ^ Jonah Lomu's rugby journey. bbc.co.uk. Retrieved on 22 July 2006.
 * ^ a b c d Jonah Lomu. allblacks.com. Retrieved on 22 July 2006.

 * '''So in all likelihood there is a bug in that function to make it fail on Firefox

'''

 * --Tiucsib 11:06, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

hllo81.145.240.73

Does anyone have any objections to removing the references to certain numbers of men 'hanging off' Lomu? This is hardly a quantifiable remark and not something that should appear in the article. That he was hard to tackle is undeniable, but there's no need to get schoolboy on the descriptions. -- Ghostreveries 23:36, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

RL
Manukau Magpies club * Londo06 17:56, 23 July 2007 (UTC)

Style
I think this article needs a lot of grammatical work. dunno how it got GA... me no grammatist unfortunately.Boomshanka
 * Do you have any examples or is this just a general feeling? If you see something to fix, feel free to edit it yourself. Other editors will review it. Also, a tip: sign your comments with four tildes, like this: ~ . Cheers, Ropata 13:17, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

References and polishing
More references are needed. Some sentences needing them are: And sentences like Lomu's physique was particularly suited for rugby as he is beast like in size, lightening quick, and as strong as an ox - qualities he augments with aggression, skill, and an intimidating presence on the field. are almost poetic but not encyclopedic. -- ReyBrujo 04:31, 5 October 2007 (UTC)
 * At one time Lomu was considered 'rugby union's biggest drawcard'
 * Will Carling told reporters
 * After the game, Carling was quoted as saying
 * I have fixed most of those things. I'll work on it more later when I have time. It's not going to take much work to fix up I don't think. I have not referenced "rugby union's biggest drawcard" yet but that is certainly not controversial. I'll do it eventually though. - Shudde   talk  05:16, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

Domestic career
The article in its present form provides almost no mention of Lomu's career in New Zealand, at either NPC or Super 12 (as it was then) level. For instance, his appearances for Wainuiomata, which are of little consequence to his overall career, are mentioned over his Super 12 titles with the Auckland Blues. A splitting of his career into 'domestic' and 'international' would be of benefit to address this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.88.116.170 (talk) 15:53, 18 November 2015 (UTC)
 * You're welcome to propose some well-sourced sentences to insert. Stuartyeates (talk) 19:14, 18 November 2015 (UTC)
 * I agree, but personally I wouldn't split, just add brief mentions under the years. Currently I am just trying to get it up to front page standard by filling in missing cites and tightening up the prose a bit. AIR corn (talk) 06:23, 19 November 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 18 November 2015
IN : ==Early career== Jonah Lomu played rugby league at school until 14 years

Jean Cazenave (talk) 19:01, 18 November 2015 (UTC)--Jean Cazenave (talk) 19:01, 18 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. --Stabila711 (talk) 20:11, 18 November 2015 (UTC)
 * I suspect that over the next couple of days some really solid biographies / obits are going to be published in the local media. It may be best to wait until these see the light of day. Stuartyeates (talk) 20:19, 18 November 2015 (UTC)
 * ✅ Found a source that says he started in league although it doesn't mention the age. Added it in under Early Life. AIR corn (talk) 06:21, 19 November 2015 (UTC)

Jerry Collins co-incidence
Thoughts on the statement referring to the death of Jerry Collins in a car crash in June? Several editors have removed the statement as irrelevant, and I'm inclined to agree: it was over five months ago with the only connection being the same nationality and sport. One editor has reverted the removals four five times (breaching WP:3RR), and suggesting that it is relevant because it is mentioned multiple times in the media, although there was only one reference with a former player saying both Lomu and Collins had died this year. --Canley (talk) 03:40, 19 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Canley, my rationale is very simple: 1) There are many sources which connect the two deaths—not just the one i provided. But i don't see the need to add every reference that backs my position. Do a simple Google search of "Jonah Lomu Jerry Collins" within the past 24 hours and you will see my point. 2) of course many prominent people die within months of each other; however, these two are quite intimately linked. Both played in the same teams, both died (according to commentators) tragically young, both were prominent islander rugby players. I hope this may convince you.--Appleweb (talk) 04:13, 19 November 2015 (UTC)
 * One died in a car crash the other of a long term illness. I am not even sure they played together for the All Blacks (their careers only just overlap, although they would have played for the Hurricanes together). It is just a sad coincidence that they died within a couple of months of each other. It is only natural that some rugby players and commentators would mention Collins when remembering Lomu, but most I have seen are similar to the one you presented (reflections on the fragility of life). At the very least it needs better context. This version appears like it is just tacked on. That is half the problem and probably why it has been removed so many times by different editors. If it is kept it needs to explain why it is relevant in the article (using sources to do so). AIR corn (talk) 06:16, 19 November 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 19 November 2015
203.32.142.33 (talk) 04:21, 19 November 2015 (UTC)

Death

It has been speculated by medical experts that Jonah Lomu's sudden cardiac arrest and death was likely caused by pulmonary embolism brought on by his long aeroplane flight from Dubai, a condition for which his nephrotic syndrome put him at high risk.
 * If you can provide a source I will happily add that. AIR corn (talk) 06:17, 19 November 2015 (UTC)

Death
It has been speculated by medical experts that Jonah Lomu's sudden cardiac arrest and death was likely caused by pulmonary embolism brought on by his long aeroplane flight from Dubai, a condition for which his nephrotic syndrome put him at high risk. 203.32.142.33 (talk) 04:25, 19 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Stickee (talk) 05:50, 19 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Just noticed this discussion. According to this from the London Evening Standard the most likely cause of death was venous thromboembolism. John Mayhew, the former All Blacks physician, is quoted as saying: "We think the most likely cause was a clot on the lung which can be a complication of long distance travel. Jonah was at greater risk of that happening because of his renal condition." Personally though I think we should wait to see if there is any official announcement on this. This is Paul (talk) 23:07, 26 November 2015 (UTC)

Grammar and logic
A number of corrections are needed to the article. "When his parents divorced and Jonah became estranged to HIM until 2008" is meaningless. How did being "exposed to gang violence losing an uncle and a cousin to attacks".. lead "his mother to send him to Wesley College"? He married Tanya Rutter and divorced - "in which his family never approved". His family did not have to approve of either marriage or divorce, and the grammar is bad. I presume that what was meant was that "his family did not approve of the divorce". The second marriage was not in a "secret ceremony", though it may have been a private one.Royalcourtier (talk) 07:07, 28 November 2015 (UTC)

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 * Jonah Lomu Madame Tussaud london.jpg

title: Talk:Jonah Lomu


text: Category:Convex geometry

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Convex geometry


text: Category:Mountains of Greece

title: Category:Mountains of Greece


text:
Sons of Fortune

Sons of Fortune is a novel by Jeffrey Archer, published in 2002 (ISBN 1-4050-2079-2). Its working title was In the Lap of the Gods.

Plot summary
Sons of Fortune talks about twin brothers who got parted in a cinematic consequence and grown up without knowing the existence of each other. In late 1940s in Hartford, Connecticut a set of twins who are separated at birth by a millionaire couple's nurse, after the millionaire couple's child - born the same day - dies of cot death in the hospital and she secretly switches Peter for the dead Fletcher Davenport. Nat Cartwright goes to home with his parents, a school teacher and an insurance salesman. But his twin brother is to begin days as Fletcher Andrew Davenport (according to chapter 2), the only son of a multi millionaire and his society wife.

During the years that follow, the two brothers grow up unaware of each other’s existence. Even when Nat and Fletcher fall in love with same girl, Diane, they still don’t meet but continue on their separate paths, owing to the efforts taken by the multi-millionaire's nurse.

Both complete their graduation. Nat leaves the college at the University of Connecticut to serve in the Vietnam War. He returns a war hero, having received the Medal of Honor for his actions in Vietnam, finishes school and becomes a successful currency banker. Fletcher, meanwhile, has graduated from Yale University and distinguishes himself as a criminal defense lawyer, before he is elected as a state senator for the Democratic Party.

They know of each other by reputation. Cartwright marries a Korean computer whiz, Su Ling, an illegal immigrant, whom he meets in college. Fletcher marries his best friend's sister Annie, whom he falls in love with at first sight when they are in their teens.

During the years, both men find themselves opposed by the machinations of the untrustworthy Ralph Elliot, who went to school with Nat, slept with his girlfriend and is his personal nemesis. Although their lives (common acquaintances and enemies, Fletcher saving the life of Nat's son during a school hostage situation) are interconnected, they never meet. However, their paths finally cross when they both decide to run for governor of Connecticut and Fletcher agrees to defend Nat on the charge of murdering his Republican primary opponent Ralph Elliot for leaking information about his wife and mother-in-law that leads to the suicide of his only child.

Family members comment on similarities between the two, but no one ever connects the dots, until the end, because, after all, they are not identical twins. The truth is revealed to them when a potentially fatal car accident by Fletcher reveals that they share the same rare blood type. Nat donates his blood to save Fletcher. As Fletcher was hospitalized in the clinic where he was born, the attending doctor then finds secret documents which reveals that the obstetrician had the suspicions that the twins were switched at birth. In yet another plot twist, the twins choose to keep the blood link a secret. However, their wives guess this on the day of the election and mutually agree to keep it a secret.

Knowing all this, they both still run for governor of Connecticut in 1992. On election day, after several rounds of counting the votes the result is still tied. The winner was ultimately appointed by the toss of a coin. After the toss, when both men stand to the left and right of the mayor to represent their parties, the mayor turns to his right to congratulate the new governor. Through clues in the book regarding their place alongside the mayor and who called heads, one can deduct that the winner is Fletcher. In the end, Fletcher definitely wins and becomes the governor as before the toss, Fletcher was to the left of the mayor. After the toss, the mayor picks up the coin and "turned" and then congratulated the man who was now to his right (Fletcher). Also Fletcher always said heads, so at that time too he must be the one who said heads.

Jeffrey Archer also confirmed in Twitter that it was Fletcher. Chapter 31 starts by saying Fletcher always liked to call heads.

Several aspects of the plot, as well as specific incidents such as the toss of the coin, also occur in a previous book he wrote - First Among Equals, which is a power struggle between four politicians for the prime ministership of the UK.

title: Sons of Fortune


text:
Mr. Pacman

Mr. Pacman is a bitpop/gamewave (or as the band calls themselves, "8-bit hero gangsta rock") band from Denver, Colorado. Described as a performance art project as well as a band, Mr. Pacman's live shows include martial arts fighting with monsters, outrageous 1980s-style retro-futuristic outfits, and their signature Commodore 64-inspired electronic music with a rock attitude. Although most musicians who use the MOS Technology SID chip do so only in the studio, Mr. Pacman uses a SidStation, controlled by his keytar, live on stage, and the Silver Ghost uses a Commodore SX-64 as a bass synthesizer. (Daniel Eriksson, who helped design the SidStation, was the first to use a Sidstation live on stage, at mekke 2000; Goto80 was the first to use a SID chip live onstage at the ECC in 1993.) Many Mr. Pacman songs are based on songs from classic video games, such as the Mega Man series.

Biography
Mr. Pacman started out as a project by film school student Avery Rains in 2001 who rapped over Commodore 64 video game music. After one such performance, some Japanese exchange students remarked, "Mr. Pacman is awesome!". The name stuck, and Mr. Pacman now says he's from "Denver, Japan". A running gag based on this is the intentional use of Engrish in the band's e-mail newsletters. Since 2001, the band has expanded to 4 members, adding first the Silver Ghost, then White Tiger, and finally Cockroach 3030 (now known as Anarchy Dragon).

Denver alternative newspaper Westword named Mr. Pacman "Best Bizarro Fashion/Rock Act" in 2002 as part of its "Best of Denver" awards; Mr. Pacman has not won a Best of Denver since. The Denver Post has put Mr. Pacman on its Top 10 Underground Bands of Colorado list every year since 2002, placing 7th that year, 5th in 2003 & 2004, 8th in 2005 & 14th in 2006. Mr. Pacman played keytar on the Hot IQs track "The New One" in 2004.

In May 2005, the short film "Half Hour of Power" (called a "violent children's show" by the band) was included with the music video "No Ghosts!" and an interview with Mr. Pacman, among other band-related videos, on Dropframe, a local Emmy-winning PBS show featuring indie films. Mr. Pacman currently hosts Extreme Karaoke Challenge Monday nights at 9 PM at the hi-dive, 7 South Broadway in Denver.

Turbotron EP (2002)

 * 1) Intro
 * 2) Turbotron
 * 3) Pacman Rap (Shout-out by Wesley Willis)
 * 4) Neurotica
 * 5) Be the Zero
 * 6) O.P.A (Original Party Animal)
 * 7) Welcome to the Future (Sucks)
 * 8) The End
 * 9) Girls That Go Boom (featuring Ozzy Osmond)

* ''Trivia: The cover photo was taken on a karaoke night at Armida's Mexican Restaurant in Denver "just prior to getting kicked out". O.P.A. is a mix of 6 different performances of the song at the Scott Baio Army Fourth of July party; during the instrumental for each, Mr. Pacman chugged a 40-oz. malt liquor.''

7" vinyl split with Magicyclops

 * 1) Mr. Pacman: Baby's on Fire (Originally by Brian Eno)
 * 2) Magic Cyclops: Abracadabra (Originally by Steve Miller Band)

Star Hustler (2003)

 * 1) Gangsta Pac (Contains a sample from the movie Colors)
 * 2) (rock) Star Hustler (with Magicyclops)
 * 3) Pacman Densu (feat. Monotrona)
 * 4) Lifeless
 * 5) Pacman Power
 * 6) Be the Hero (feat. Sara Thorpe; a Fischerspooner-like reinterpretation of "Be the Zero" from Turbotron)
 * 7) Turbo Attack!
 * 8) Mr. Pacman International
 * 9) No Ghosts!
 * 10) Luxury Car
 * 11) Pacman Birthday (feat. Monotrona)
 * 12) The Ninja
 * 13) Paxcercise (feat. Bebe & Serge; based on "Deflektor" by Ben Daglish)
 * 14) (porn) Star Hustler (feat. Sara Thorpe & Claudine; an alternate version of "(rock) Star Hustler")
 * 15) Let's Go! (various video game samples)
 * 16) Songjacked

* ''This is an enhanced CD. Included on the disc are the videos for Be the Hero, No Ghosts!, Luxury Car, and Paxcercise. The album was named 2003's Best Local CD of the Year by the Denver Post. The "limo tank" on the cover was a toy designed & built by Greg Hignight. It is said to shoot diamonds and run on Hennessy Private Reserve.''

Future projects
Mr. Pacman plans to make 4 total episodes of Half Hour of Power, the first of which premiered at the Denver Visual Music Festival in 2004; each episode will star a different band member. Three new albums are in the works: the heavy metal Crotch Rocket, the Caribbean-flavored Mr. Pacman Goes to Jamaica, & Mr. Pacman's Christmas in Japan. No release dates have been announced yet for any of these.

PacFashion
Since 2002, Mr. Pacman has presented both original fashions, pieces from local designers, and (one year) his collection of Power Rangers monster costumes in the annual PacFashion show. The shows' fashions are inspired by science fiction, anime, and video games, and include musical performances by Mr. Pacman as well as other indie bands.

title: Mr. Pacman


text:
User:SEWilco/Workspace/Turkey

Turkey

title: User:SEWilco/Workspace/Turkey


text:
User:SEWilco/Workspace/Belgium

Belgium

title: User:SEWilco/Workspace/Belgium


text:
Pitch detection algorithm

A pitch detection algorithm (PDA) is an algorithm designed to estimate the pitch or fundamental frequency of a quasiperiodic or oscillating signal, usually a digital recording of speech or a musical note or tone. This can be done in the time domain, the frequency domain, or both.

PDAs are used in various contexts (e.g. phonetics, music information retrieval, speech coding, musical performance systems) and so there may be different demands placed upon the algorithm. There is as yet no single ideal PDA, so a variety of algorithms exist, most falling broadly into the classes given below.

A PDA typically estimates the period of a quasiperiodic signal, then inverts that value to give the frequency.

General approaches
One simple approach would be to measure the distance between zero crossing points of the signal (i.e. the zero-crossing rate). However, this does not work well with complicated waveforms which are composed of multiple sine waves with differing periods or noisy data. Nevertheless, there are cases in which zero-crossing can be a useful measure, e.g. in some speech applications where a single source is assumed. The algorithm's simplicity makes it "cheap" to implement.

More sophisticated approaches compare segments of the signal with other segments offset by a trial period to find a match. AMDF (average magnitude difference function), ASMDF (Average Squared Mean Difference Function), and other similar autocorrelation algorithms work this way. These algorithms can give quite accurate results for highly periodic signals. However, they have false detection problems (often "octave errors"), can sometimes cope badly with noisy signals (depending on the implementation), and - in their basic implementations - do not deal well with polyphonic sounds (which involve multiple musical notes of different pitches).

Current time-domain pitch detector algorithms tend to build upon the basic methods mentioned above, with additional refinements to bring the performance more in line with a human assessment of pitch. For example, the YIN algorithm and the MPM algorithm are both based upon autocorrelation.

Frequency-domain approaches
Frequency domain, polyphonic detection is possible, usually utilizing the periodogram to convert the signal to an estimate of the frequency spectrum . This requires more processing power as the desired accuracy increases, although the well-known efficiency of the FFT, a key part of the periodogram algorithm, makes it suitably efficient for many purposes.

Popular frequency domain algorithms include: the harmonic product spectrum; cepstral analysis and maximum likelihood which attempts to match the frequency domain characteristics to pre-defined frequency maps (useful for detecting pitch of fixed tuning instruments); and the detection of peaks due to harmonic series.

To improve on the pitch estimate derived from the discrete Fourier spectrum, techniques such as spectral reassignment (phase based) or Grandke interpolation (magnitude based) can be used to go beyond the precision provided by the FFT bins. Another phase-based approach is offered by Brown and Puckette

Spectral/temporal approaches
Spectral/temporal pitch detection algorithms, e.g. the YAAPT pitch tracking algorithm, are based upon a combination of time domain processing using an autocorrelation function such as normalized cross correlation, and frequency domain processing utilizing spectral information to identify the pitch. Then, among the candidates estimated from the two domains, a final pitch track can be computed using dynamic programming. The advantage of these approaches is that the tracking error in one domain can be reduced by the process in the other domain.

Speech pitch detection
The fundamental frequency of speech can vary from 40 Hz for low-pitched voices to 600 Hz for high-pitched voices.

Autocorrelation methods need at least two pitch periods to detect pitch. This means that in order to detect a fundamental frequency of 40 Hz, at least 50 milliseconds (ms) of the speech signal must be analyzed. However, during 50 ms, speech with higher fundamental frequencies may not necessarily have the same fundamental frequency throughout the window.

title: Pitch detection algorithm


text:
User:SEWilco/Workspace/Greece

Greece

title: User:SEWilco/Workspace/Greece


text:
Mere (weapon)

The mere is a type of short, broad-bladed weapon in the shape of an enlarged tear drop. It was used to strike/jab an opponent in the body or the head, usually made from nephrite jade (pounamu or greenstone). A mere is one of the traditional, hand to hand, one-handed weapons of the indigenous Māori of New Zealand, and a symbol of chieftainship.

Form
The mere is a spatulate, leaf shaped, form of short club. It has a broad, rounded apex that narrows to form a handle, terminating in a butt or heel (reke), marked by several grooves. Mere have two convex, almost flat sides and a rounded top. The top of the mere was ground to a sharp edge, extending down both sides of the weapon.

Generally, short clubs had holes carved or drilled through the butt end of the handle, allowing a wrist cord (tau or patui) made of plaited New Zealand flax, or Polynesian dog skin, to be passed through and attached to the wielder's wrist. Passing the wrist cord over the thumb and around the hand prevented the club from slipping during use.

Mere are between 25 and 50 cm, with an average length of 35 cm. The width of a mere is similarly variable, from under 7 to over 12 centimetres (3 to 5 in). The dimensions of a mere were generally determined by the characteristics of the raw materials the club was made from. Extremely long or short mere are unwieldy in combat, and are likely to have been mainly used for ceremonial purposes.

Material and manufacture
While the term mere was, and is, used in some regions to refer exclusively to clubs made from pounamu, in other regions, mere was more broadly used to refer to patu of a similar shape and design made from hardwood (meremere, mere rakau), whalebone (patu paraoa), or stone (patu ōnewa) – in these areas, a mere made from greenstone was known as a mere pounamu or patu pounamu.

The pounamu used to make a mere was carefully chosen to be flawless and to have a good colour. A block of greenstone was first rough cut using pieces of quartzite combined with sand and water. Dressing of the surface was done with fine sandstone and pieces of very hard smooth stone. Due to the toughness of greenstone, mere pounamu were able to be made thinner than other similar patu made from stone, however this made the process of manufacture slow and arduous. The creation and finishing of a mere pounamu is claimed to have sometimes taken more than one generation to complete.

Combat
Mere, and other patu, were used for close-quarter fighting. Held in one hand, these close-range striking weapons were used primarily for end-on thrusting or jabbing (tipi). In combat, jabbing thrusts or strikes would be directed at the ribs, neck or temple. It has been claimed that a strike to the skull combined with a twisting flick of the wrist could force or wrench the victim's skull open. The designed use of the mere for forward striking thrusts is an unusual characteristic of Māori patu, where in other parts of the world, clubs are generally wielded with an ax-like downward blow. The butt (reke) of a mere could also be used to strike an opponent's head.

A mere pounamu was much harder than a patu of wood or bone, and much tougher – less likely to fracture – than a patu onawe of any other type of stone.

It was stated that a proficient warrior armed with a patu was able to defeat a man armed with a longer weapon, like a taiaha or a spear. A fighter using a patu often used a type of pad (whakapuru), held or on the off-side arm, used to parry or lessen the impact of an opposing weapon.

When not in use mere were carried in a flax belt (tātua) or sometimes suspended from a wrist cord.

Ceremonial
Pounamu was highly prized by Māori and the mere pounamu as the weapon of a chief or rangatira, was the most revered of all Māori weapons. These mere were passed through generations; they were given names, and were said to possess a spiritual quality or mana of their own. Particularly special mere were imbued with magical powers, or supernatural qualities. Due to the high value placed on revered mere pounamu they would often be hidden when not in use, and kept in specially constructed cases. Considerable efforts were undertaken, often by an entire tribe, to recover or regain significant mere that were lost or stolen. Mere were buried with their chiefly owners, but were considered so valuable that they were later recovered from the grave during the second burial. It was considered an honour to be killed by a specially significant mere pounamu. Captives would sometimes volunteer their own mere pounamu as their means of execution rather than be killed by a lesser weapon.

Giving such a valuable item was common as a sign of good faith and it retains this symbolic importance today.

The mere is shown as one of the features of the Māori Kotahitanga flag, where it is crossed with a scroll representing the Treaty of Waitangi.

title: Mere (weapon)


text:
Midas Consoles

Midas is a company that designs professional audio consoles. Founded in London in 1970 by Jeff Byers and Charles Brooke, today the company is part of the Music Tribe group of brands.

Midas consoles are used by audio engineers for live sound mixing. Applications for these consoles includes Front of House (FOH) and monitor console positions. Midas also markets the digital audio distribution components that are commonly used with their digital consoles as stand-alone digital snakes, or larger multi-site audio distribution networks.

History
Originally founded in 1970 by Jeff Byers and Charles Brooke as Midas Amplification, a London manufacturer of solid state guitar amps, the company relocated near Euston Station in London, next door to Martin Audio, in 1972, and began producing the PR System modular mixer in 1974. Midas mixers were adopted by the tour sound market, and used by Clair Brothers Audio on the concert tours of Elvis Presley, Yes (band), Billy Joel, and The Beach Boys. Pink Floyd used Midas consoles on their Animals Tour in 1977 and The Wall Tour in 1979, and Frank Zappa used Midas consoles on his 1980 World Tour. Midas experienced success in the musical theatre market as well, with their consoles used for productions of Evita and Cats.

Midas launched the XL, the first of a series of large-format professional touring consoles, at the New York AES Convention in 1986. Development of the XL was costly, and in December 1987 the assets of Midas Audio Systems Ltd. were purchased by Klark Teknik. Under this new ownership, Midas released the XL2 in 1988, the XL3 in 1990, and the XL4 in 1995. The XL3 and XL4 established Midas as a leading live console manufacturer for the next two decades, and the XL series would grow to include the XL200, and XL250, as well as smaller models targeted at the club and regional sound market.

Beginning in 1998, Midas introduced the Heritage series consoles, including the H3000, H2000, H1000, and H4000.

Midas introduced their first digital console, the flagship XL8, at Musikmesse Frankfurt in 2006. Notable XL8 features included three preamps per channel to enable front of house, monitor and broadcast control surfaces to be fed from the same input rack, dual redundant master control processors, and integration with the Klark Teknik Helix EQ system via the Rapide remote. In September 2008 at the annual PLASA tradeshow, Midas introduced the PRO6 Live Audio System, the second networked digital audio system from Midas. Employing technologies developed from the XL8, the PRO6 offered similar audio performance in a more compact form factor.

In 2010, Midas introduced the PRO3 and PRO9 digital consoles, along with the VeniceF digital-analog hybrid ("Digi-Log") console, which replaced the Venice analog console. At the 2011 PLASA show, Midas unveiled the PRO2 and PRO2C consoles, which offered Midas digital features from the larger PRO and XL8 consoles in a more compact package and a lower price point. The following year at InfoComm, Midas introduced the PRO1 digital console, with an even smaller physical footprint and lower price point than the PRO2/PRO2C. In January 2014 at the NAMM Show in Anaheim, California, Midas introduced the M32 ($4,999 MSRP in USA), based largely on parent company Music Tribe's highly-successful Behringer X32 mixer, sharing most of the X32's operating system, but utilizing Midas' Pro series microphone preamps. (X32 uses slightly different Midas-designed preamps, with Cirrus Logic A/D converters and a sample rate of 48 kHz. Midas Pro preamps are 96 kHz and use Midas' own MIDAS-8000 8-channel A/D converter, which reportedly has better performance numbers than Cirrus Logic chips used by most other console makers).

At that same time, Midas began retiring much of its analog console product line, including the Heritage, Legend, and Siena series, while maintaining the Verona analog console and VeniceF and VeniceU analog-digital hybrid versions of the original Venice console an active part of Midas' product line.

Linux is used at the core of all Midas digital consoles. This is mentioned prominently in their marketing materials, as well as in their preference for Linux development and kernel programming experience in job postings for development positions. At the core of all Midas Pro desks is standard PC motherboard with 4GB flash card (for OS and data storage).

Midas became part of the Telex Group, which was subsequently acquired by the Bosch Group in January 2006. In December 2009, Midas and Klark Teknik were acquired by Music Group, a holding company chaired by Uli Behringer. Music Group was later rebranded as Music Tribe.

title: Midas Consoles


text: Category:Schools in Japan

title: Category:Schools in Japan


text:
Harbor Tunnel

Harbour Tunnel or Harbor Tunnel may refer to:

Australia

 * Sydney Harbour Tunnel, New South Wales
 * Western Harbour Tunnel, New South Wales

Hong Kong

 * Cross-Harbour Tunnel, Hong Kong

United States

 * Baltimore Harbor Tunnel and associated Harbor Tunnel Thruway, Maryland
 * Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel in New York Harbor between New York and New Jersey
 * Ted Williams Tunnel (also known as Third Harbor Tunnel) in Boston Harbor, Massachusetts

title: Harbor Tunnel


text:
Azabu High School

Azabu Junior and Senior High School (麻布中学校・高等学校), often referred to simply as "Azabu", is a private preparatory day school in Japan. It teaches boys between seventh and twelves grades. The campus of Azabu is located in the Azabu district of Minato, Tokyo, Japan.

Azabu consists of two institutions - Azabu Junior and Senior High Schools (麻布中学校・高等学校), the former teaches pupils between seventh and ninth grades while the latter teaches pupils between tenth and twelfth grades. Traditions at Azabu are liberal and magnanimous; there are no established school rules that students are required to adhere, and there is no "study-compelling" atmosphere.

The school sends approximately one-third of its graduates to the University of Tokyo.

History
Azabu was founded by Soroku Ebara, a Japanese educator in the transitional period of Japan, in 1895. He had been President of the Toyo Eiwa School since 1893. Toyo Eiwa was affiliated with the Methodist Church of Canada and due to the rise of nationalism in Japan, the school was suffering from a low enrolment. Azabu was founded by Soroku who decided that the new school should not have religious affiliations.

Azabu was founded as a middle school at the Toyo Eiwa School but received its new name, Azabu Ordinary Middle School, during the first academic year. The school initially offered classes at the Toyo Eiwa Theological Seminary but it relocated to the current location in 1890 when Toyo Eiwa Theological Seminary was driven into a permanent closure due to a low enrollment. At the time of the relocation, the school received a new name, Azabu Middle School. After the World War II, the school was restructured to create Azabu Junior and Senior High Schools to meet a new regulation. Although they are separate entities, Azabu has been managed as a single school that teaches pupils between seventh and twelves grades. During the long history of Azabu, it maintained its prestige as an academically distinguished institution.

Present
Azabu teaches boys between seventh and twelves grades and admits 300 students each year through a competitive admission process including written exams in Japanese, Mathematics, Science, and Social Science. These written exams are typically conducted on the first day of February annually on Azabu's campus. There are over 100 teachers and about 1,800 students in total at a given time. The school festival, which usually takes place from third to the fifth of May, is one of the largest in Japanese high schools, with over 20,000 people attending each year. The athletic meet is held in October. There are nearly 50 clubs, and the chess club, the Othello club, the go club, and the shogi club are especially well known for their achievements. The clubs (often referred to as “circles” in the school), the school festival, and the athletic meet are all planned and organized solely by students. Azabu is also active in international exchange programs: there currently are exchange programs with Shawnigan Lake School in Canada, Winchester College in UK, and Ningbo Polytechnic in People's Republic of China.

Location/facility
The school is located in the Azabu district (the namesake of the school name) in the Minato Ward, and the nearest train station is Hiroo Station (Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line). The Azabu district is mostly residential, and the main gate of the school is so narrow that one may not notice that there is a large school there. Admission to Azabu being so competitive, "Azabu’s narrow gate" signifies how difficult it is to secure a seat at Azabu.

The classrooms are located in the main building, which is a square-shaped, 4-story building with a courtyard. The courtyard can also be used as two tennis courts. In 1995, a building commemorating the 100th anniversary was constructed. The 100th anniversary building houses the library and some club rooms. The number of books in the library is over 40,000, which is a large number for a high school library.

The schoolyard has a 200-meter track (which is also a soccer field), four volleyball courts, two more tennis courts and a 25-meter pool.

Culture Fiction
1992 Naoko Takeuchi Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon

2014 -2016 Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Crystal

title: Azabu High School


text:
Nanalan'

Nanalan' is a Canadian children's television series created by Jamie Shannon and Jason Hopley. It began in 1999 as a series of three-minute shorts and later ran for a season of full-length episodes spanning 21 minutes each. It chronicles the small-scale adventures and discoveries of a three-year-old puppet girl named Mona in her grandmother Nana's backyard. The title is a contraction of the phrase "Nana Land," referring to the setting.

Hopley and Shannon, who continued to work with Nickelodeon afterwards on their creation Mr. Meaty, produced the series through their puppetry troupe The Grogs in association with Lenz Entertainment. The show uses a blend of hand puppetry and the manipulation of cardboard cutouts, particularly in the opening theme. While the shorts do not follow a structure, the half-hour episodes follow a loose format that includes at least one song or reading an original story to the viewers.

The show received three nominations at the 2004 Gemini Awards and was fairly well received by Canadian and U.S. press, with some critics calling attention to the show's surreal presentation and genuine approach to its concept. It was short-lived, as Nickelodeon did not pick up a second season. In 2004, select episodes were released across several DVDs and VHS in the U.S. In the mid-2010s, the series went viral with a resurgence in popularity on websites such as Tumblr and YouTube for its bizarre nature.

Interest in the series was renewed in late 2023 after video clips of it went viral on TikTok. The new success led to Hopley and Shannon reuniting for the first time since disbanding The Grogs in 2009, reprising Nana and Mona for interviews and online videos.

Plot
The show focuses on Mona, a three-year-old girl with a big imagination and a tendency to repeat short words or phrases while also mispronoucing them. Each episode begins with Mona's mother dropping her daughter off at Nana's house and ends with her picking Mona up. Mona, Nana, and Nana's pet dog Russell spend the day exploring, learning, and visiting Nana's next-door neighbour Mr. Wooka.

Characters

 * Mona (Jamie Shannon) is the main character of the series. She is an almost-three-year-old with green skin, a spherical head, wide bean-shaped eyes, and lime green hair styled in pigtails. In the original shorts, she cannot speak in full sentences and can only say a few words. She has a tendency to mispronounce words; for example, she says pea pod as "peepo" and mushroom as "shoosh."
 * Nana (Jason Hopley) is Mona's grandmother, who Mona stays with every weekday while her mother goes to work. Nana resembles a carrot (a vegetable), with bright orange skin and a very tall forehead. She wears a gaudy multicolored dress and big circular glasses. In the original shorts, her hair is auburn; in the full-length episodes, her hair is white.
 * Russell (Ali Eisner) is Nana's pet Jack Russell Terrier whom Mona plays with while visiting Nana's house. Russell does not talk, but often attempts to communicate by barking and gesturing. Mona often pronounces his name incorrectly, calling him "Russer."
 * Mr. Wooka (Todd Doldersum) is Nana's next-door neighbour who is a main character in the full-length episodes. He is an elderly man with yellow skin and a white mustache who wears blue overalls. Whenever Mona visits his yard, he puts on his own puppet shows to entertain her.
 * Mrs. Bea (Marty Stelnick) is Mona's mother and Nana's daughter. She has a similar appearance to Mona, but is taller and has brown hair in a bob. She is married to Mona’s unnamed father. She works during the day and leaves Mona in Nana's care while she works.
 * Alice is Nana's pet cat. She appears infrequently and is often at odds with Russell. Like with Russell, Mona mispronounces her name, often calls her "Ally".

Production
The show was filmed in a building "reputed to be an old munitions factory" in the television production district of Liberty Village in Toronto, Ontario. The shorts were produced in 1998 & 1999.

Jason Hopley and Jamie Shannon continued to build a relationship with Nickelodeon during and after Nanalan', appearing on the fellow Nick Jr. series Whoopi's Littleburg (with Goldberg) in 2004 and creating a teen-oriented sitcom for the network titled Mr. Meaty in 2005.

Telecast and media releases
Nanalan' was first aired on Nickelodeon's sister channel Noggin. They later appeared on Nickelodeon as part of the Nick Jr. block and on the Canadian CBC Television, which eventually became a broadcaster of the full-length episodes. Repeats of the shorts continued to air until late 2003, when the first full-length season was produced. CBC premiered the full-length episodes in January 2004, followed by their U.S. debut on Nickelodeon in summer of the same year.

The show also aired on PBS Kids from July 2006 through 2013.

In 2004, Nickelodeon released a set of six DVDs and VHSes including selections of the three-minute shorts. The discs and were mainly sold in the U.S. Rather than simply Nanalan', the home media billed the show as Welcome to Nanalan': As Seen on Nickelodeon. The full-length seasons were neither released to DVD nor VHS.

The episodes were uploaded to YouTube in 2007 (but have since been deleted). In 2023, an official YouTube channel for the show was created. Shorts and full-length episodes are uploaded weekly.

Reception
During its short run, the series received mostly positive attention from media critics, some of which felt that the show's bizarre and unconventional nature made it more appealing and watchable by viewers of all ages. Although, the demographic for the show is geared toward children ages 3 to 11 years old. The Toronto Star said that "the series' surprising sweetness, simplicity and humour strike a universal chord with both young adults and kids." Writers for the Windsor Star enjoyed its surreal approach to depicting early childhood, saying that "the creators have captured the essence of what it is to be three." A review from the Canadian newspaper Broadcast Week said that "it made me laugh out loud, even though I'm out of the target audience by more than a couple of decades."

Awards and nominations
In 2004, the series was nominated for the following three Gemini Awards: Best Performance in a Pre-School Program or Series; Best Writing in a Children's or Youth Program or Series; and Best Pre-School Program or Series. Nanalan' won Best Writing and Best Performance, and the award was shared by all of the puppeteers.

title: Nanalan'


text: User talk:141.211.138.85

title: User talk:141.211.138.85


text:
Q-ZAR

Q-ZAR (called Quasar in the UK, Ireland, and called LaserGame in Sweden) is a type of laser tag that was developed by Geoff Haselhurst, Peter Robertson and Omnitronics in Perth, Western Australia. The rights were later sold to Leisureplex Ltd, a company based in Ireland which in turn sold them to Q-ZAR International based in Dallas, Texas.

Gameplay

Like other laser tag games, Q-ZAR is played with a gun (or "phaser") that fires harmless beams of infrared light that are detected by equipment worn by the players. There is also a laser pulse on firing, though it is for visual effects only. The basic mechanism of the game revolves around shooting (called tagging) each other or stationary objects.

The standard game of Q-ZAR involves two teams: the red team and the green team (Quasar Elite involves a red and blue team). Each team has a Headquarters (aka "HQ" or "base") to defend from the other team. The goal of the game is to score the most points for the team. The player can achieve this by either deactivating the opponents' HQ or by tagging the opposing team's players. Players may deactivate the opponents' HQ by tagging it twice leaving a few seconds between. The winning team is determined by the team with the most points at the end of the game.

Upon being tagged, the pack vibrates, makes an explosion noise and the player who has been tagged has a window of around one second to fire off a "reflex" shot (providing no shot was fired in the previous second) before the penalty sequence starts. After the one second has passed, the six-second penalty sequence starts. During the penalty sequence, for the first 3 seconds, the player may not be tagged and may not tag other people. For the final three seconds, a player may be tagged, but may not tag other people. If a player is tagged during this period, the process starts over (including getting a 1-second reflex shot).

The back of the phaser has a simple LED display. When a pack is not energised, there is a number above a "U" showing. The number is the pack's ID number. The U means that the pack is "Un-energized." When a pack is on during normal play, the top number is the number of lives remaining, the bottom is the number of shots (when a player is out of shots, they lose a life, getting a "Good Shot" resets the shot counter). When a player re-energizes, the display shows how many times the player has energised. When a player is out of lives, the display flashes the amount of time left in the game. If a player holds the trigger down for three seconds, either display will show the time remaining or a "bomb" will be triggered that can deactivate all vests around the player, including those on the same team.

History
The game of Quasar was created by inventor Geoff Haselhurst around 1987 in Perth, Australia. The original system was sold to Irish investors in 1991. The name Quasar is still in use in the UK and Ireland, but due to trouble securing the name Quasar in other countries, the courier company was renamed Q-ZAR for worldwide operations. As part of the international expansion of Q-ZAR the company relocated to the USA. However, manufacturing operations remained in Ireland. In 1996 the company joined NASDAQ and rolled out a short-lived, child-based expansion called Q-KIDZ. Q-ZAR missed the first interest payment for a $30-million bridge loan in October 1997 and was forced into bankruptcy by the lender on November 5, 1997.

In 1995, a company called Q-Support sprung up, run by a past manager of several Q-ZAR centers, Zac Adams. Adams offered support and parts to existing Q-ZAR centers, greatly undercutting its corporate offices. Despite threats from Q-Zar corporate, most centers started purchasing parts from Q-Support, leading to the closure of the corporate parts and service center shortly before they went bankrupt. Q-Support closed in 1999 due to dwindling numbers of centers still being operated and a narrow vertical market.

In 2000, Will Low purchased some of the assets of Q-ZAR calling it Q-ZAR World Wide. Low claimed ownership of the Q-ZAR trademark, but failed in a class-action lawsuit to force existing centers to pay a license fee to him. In 2002 Laser Light Entertainment, Inc. purchased the Concord, California, location. In 2003, J. R. Robles purchased the Q-ZAR assets held by Jarvis Entertainment and formed the company Q-ZAR USA. Laser Light Entertainment, Inc. successfully completed the registration of the Q-ZAR trademark in 2008. This registration gives them control of the Q-ZAR trademark from 1999–present. In 2008 Laser Light Entertainment, Inc. also purchased the Q-ZAR assets of Low. Laser Light Entertainment, Inc. has been selling Q-ZAR equipment, Q-ZAR System Sales since 2003. Quasar in the UK, Ireland, Europe and Asia remains supported by Quasar UK (now Quasar Manufacturing LTD ). In 2001 Quasar Manufacturing Ltd (once Quasar UK) took over Q-ZAR and Quasar Trade Marks for UK, Ireland and Europe and in 2005 released a new version named Quasar Elite (Q-Zar Mark VI version) with revised software and hardware. In 2009 Quasar Manufacturing started testing Mark VII Wireless Q-Zar equipment. Laser Light Entertainment and Quasar Manufacturing made arrangements to distribute Quasar Elite Wireless in the United States (from the end of 2011 on), replacing previous equipment.

Hardware
Quasar vests have been revised a number of times (Mark I to VII). The original system used a strap based vest, metal housed front and back sensor areas and a hand-held pistol. The back sensor contained the battery, the front sensor contained the CPU and speaker. The pistol was small and contained few parts.

A major revision was the Mark IIIB system which moved most of the electronics into a larger and heavier two handled gun. The speaker, battery, display and CPU were all moved to the gun, leaving the front and back as sensor only areas. The strap based vest was retained.

Prior to the international launch of Quasar as Q-ZAR the vests were redesigned again (Mark IV). The gun shape was retained, however, it was remoulded in a lighter plastic, greatly reducing the weight of the gun. In addition, the strap based vest was dropped in favour of brightly coloured plastic body Armour style vests.

Two systems were developed for Q-ZAR as its next generation system. Neither of these systems made it to production. The first system was discontinued possibly because of Q-ZAR defaulting on a payment. The second system, IQ, was in development when the company collapsed.

After the collapse of Q-ZAR, Quasar Manufacturing withdraw remaining Q-Zar available stocks from United States market, keeping up basic components production, to give support to open European sites. In 2005 Quasar UK renamed themselves Quasar Manufacturing and launched Quasar Elite (Mark VI), which used a smaller gun and body armour to accommodate younger players. In addition, Quasar Elite changed the green equipment to blue to assist those with color blindness. The new version dropped the elasticated side straps in favor of seat-belt style straps with buckles as these were found to be more durable.

In 2009, Quasar Manufacturing started projecting Quasar Elite Wireless Equipment (Mark VII), ready at the end of 2011. The new system dropped the infra-red Unit-Gun connection used in older systems and used more advanced radio frequency linking
 * Packs are the main component of the Q-ZAR system. They are the vest and the phaser unit and they are worn by all players in the game. Packs store information about players and allow players to play the game.
 * Network boxes may be configured in one of three ways. As an Energizer, Network Boxes transmit game data between packs and the main computer and allow players to gain more lives depending on the game setup. As an Headquarters, teams may attack and defend them. As bombs, the Network Boxes can shoot players.
 * Scoreboards display scores and the time remaining in the game.
 * Software on an i386 PC is used to set up games, track scores, and print out scorecards. The older Q-ZAR software was MS-DOS based, but a Windows-based version is shipped with Quasar Elite, and other Windows version are available from other developers.
 * Marshall Gun/Phaser. A special gun that is capable of changing team and energizing packs.
 * Handicap Gun/Phaser. A special gun that is capable of learning during a game and adjusting the settings to assist those with a handicap, or to make the game harder for good players.
 * Recharger. In the vesting room there are power cables which charge and reset the guns. Usually marshals carry "pins" which are simply the plug from a charger cable used to reset guns.

Game types

 * Energise is the standard game of Q-ZAR. The player is given a certain number of lives. Once a player runs out of lives, they may gain a new set by going to one of their team's Energizers, but lose individual score points doing so.
 * Eliminator is similar to Energise, except players only have the lives they start with. Once a player runs out of lives, they are eliminated from the game. Eliminator requires reloading after every life lost.
 * Supercharge is a variant of Energize usually played by experienced players. Players must tag five opponents without getting tagged before they are able to de-activate their opponent's headquarters.
 * Stun is used for beginning players. In this mode, players have infinite lives. In Energise, players also have infinite lives but they do not get all lives at once.
 * Battlefield is another variation where mines (which are unused packs) are placed around the arena as obstacles.
 * Gauntlet is played by one person. Their goal is to de-activate both energizers as much as they can.

Many combinations of game types, game options and arena lighting and positioning can create themed games.

Game options
The Q-ZAR software has many built in options that can be used in combination with the main game types above to create many different types of games.

 * Solo/Spies set the way teams are sorted. In a game of Solo, there are no teams. Players may tag other players of any color and they may re-energize at any coloured energiser and they may deactivate either color HQ. In spies, the computer chooses a random 2-minute interval for each player for them to be "spy." When a player is a Spy, they may tag any player (their team or not) for points. Spies may also be tagged by their own team. Players will know when they are spy because the pack will make a higher pitched sound when firing and the display will have four "U"s on it. Spies and Solo are mutually exclusive. This option's default setting is off.
 * No Reflex Shot turns off the reflex shot. This option's default setting is off.
 * No Defense Shield turns off the 6-second penalty. This option's default setting is off.
 * Bombs allow players to hold down the trigger for three seconds to fire a bomb. Bombs will hit any players nearby. This option's default setting is off.
 * HQ Reset Time is the minimum amount of time between HQ deactivation. This option's default setting is 30 seconds between HQ deactivation.
 * HQ Delay Time is the maximum amount of time between the two shots required to deactivate the HQ. This option's default setting is 2 seconds between shots.
 * Shots per Second sets how many shots can be fired in one second. This option's default setting is one shot per second.
 * Fun Mode/Kiddie Mode is a set of alternative sounds for Q-ZAR.

Branding & Advertising

Creative Director of Youth specialist Ad agency The Leisure Process, John Carver, led the pitch to launch Quasar in the UK. His winning slogan was "Serious fun with a laser gun". The Directors at Quasar loved John's presentation.

John personally conceived and directed the Ad campaign working closely with globally acclaimed fashion stylist Karl Templer and fashion photographer by Kate Garner.

John was commissioned to re-brand Quasar for the USA and proposed the term Q-Zar. This term has been used ever since.

John regularly flew to Q-Zar HQ in Dallas and spent a lot of time being entertained by Q-Zar Directors in myriad nightclubs during his visits.

Tournaments
There are active tournament scenes in many countries across the world, including the USA, UK, Ireland, Italy, Russia, Sweden and Ecuador. Tournament formats are the same for USA, UK and Ireland, and always use one shot per second, reflex shot and defence shields, other settings may vary depending on the actual event, with most events being Supercharge with six lives. Other countries play with settings local to their tournament scene.

Events lasting two days or more are regularly held one to five times per year in the UK and Ireland. Italy runs a national tournament once per year, and have a Q-Zar season when teams travel to play each other home and away. The USA tournaments are infrequent as the number of centres have reduced and the player-base has dwindled.

title: Q-ZAR


text: User talk:69.204.12.12

title: User talk:69.204.12.12


text:
Westdale, Hamilton

Westdale is a residential neighbourhood in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It is centred in the Westdale Village shopping district and located near McMaster University. It is bordered to the north by Cootes Paradise, an extensive nature reserve marking the western end of Lake Ontario, to the south by Main Street and Ainslie Wood, to the east by Highway 403, and to the west by McMaster University.

Etymology
On 29 March 1923, real estate agents and politicians announced the winning name of a "Name the Neighbourhood" contest, at the Royal Connaught Hotel in downtown Hamilton. 6,170 people were gathered for the official announcement. Rev. Canon Percival Lawson Spencer won $200.00 for his submission of the "Westdale" name. Other names that were seriously considered for the neighbourhood include Westhome, Vimy Ridge, Bridgeton, Woodlands Park, Surrey Park and Bridgeview.

History
Archeological surveys have shown that the land south of what is now Cootes Paradise was inhabited by successive Indigenous nations. In the early seventeenth-century, when the first French explorers and missionaries visited the western edge of Lake Ontario, they found the region populated by native people, who were referred to as the Neutral Nation because of their neutrality in the disputes between the Iroquois Confederacy and the Huron.

In the mid-seventeenth century, the Neutral Nation and the Hurons were defeated by the Iroquois Confederacy. Eventually, Anishinaabe people from what is now northern Ontario began to push southwards and displace the Iroquois. In 1792 the Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation and the Crown negotiated the Between the Lakes Treaty No. 3, allowing colonists to settle the area under the provisions of the Royal Proclamation of 1763.

Survey
Following the creation of Upper Canada in 1791, the land upon which Westdale is now located was surveyed as part of the Township of Barton. Shortly afterward, the boundary was adjusted and the lots west of present-day Paradise Road were incorporated into the Township of Ancaster. This area of the township situated below the escarpment was commonly referred to as the Gore of Ancaster.

Following the transfer of the land from the Township of Barton to the Township of Ancaster, the land upon which Westdale is now located became lots 57 through 60 of Concession 1.

Early settlers of these lots include the Forsyths, Ashbaughs, Clines, Paisleys, Buttrums, Brambergers and Strouds. Land use was primarily devoted to agriculture.

Founding
The development that would become Westdale was an early Canadian implementation of the concepts of the Garden City Movement. In 1911 architect Robert Pope envisioned the area as a designed neighbourhood for 1,700 residents. That year J. J. McKittrick bought several hundred acres of land for the planned neighbourhood, first called Hamilton Gardens.

Construction began in the early 1920s. Spearheaded by W.J. Westaway's development company Westdale Properties and a contingent of local investors on the Westaway Citizens Committee, the project aimed to stimulate an upscale Protestant environment. Established on what had been predominantly farmland, its shopping district was constructed on King Street, the western end of a major Hamilton route. The major housing developments branched from Sterling Street, a wide tree-lined lane that ends at McMaster's east campus gates. By 1927 McMittrick Properties was bankrupt. That year 377 acres of the development were sold to the City of Hamilton as the site of the Hamilton campus of McMaster University and the first lands of Royal Botanical Gardens (Ontario).

Westdale was envisioned as an exclusive white Protestant neighbourhood. Specific groups such as blacks, Asians, Slavs, and Jews were unable to purchase homes; near the end of the Second World War restrictions upon Jewish home ownership were lifted whereupon many relocated from the central part of the city. However, legal loopholes allowed for discrimination to persist into the 1950s. Over time, Westdale has become increasingly diverse and vestiges of its former exclusivity have largely disappeared.

Present
Although urban development has reduced the isolation once integral for Westdale's modelled environment, the Village persists as an established shopping destination for West Hamilton residents. The Westdale Village Business Improvement Association represents over 70 businesses located in the immediate Westdale area. The Westdale community is contained between Highway 403, Main Street and the areas east of McMaster. In addition to many small businesses, Westdale is also home to the Hamilton Aviary and Churchill Park, both situated on lands owned by Royal Botanical Gardens (Ontario), a grocery store, a branch of the Hamilton Public Library, and branches of three major banks.

Student housing
The increase of McMaster's student population in recent decades has resulted in many Westdale homes being rented out to students.

In 2006 a few Westdale homeowners calling themselves WADS (Westdale Against Drunk Students) staged a rally to protest the student population and called for the McMaster pub, Quarters, to be closed. McMaster responded by setting up a mediation between surrounding homeowners and student residents, as well as clarifying that Quarters closing would not fix the problems residents were facing, as students would just go to other bars located in Westdale. Over 200 people attended the rally. After a sting operation the Ontario Provincial Police charged the Bar with liquor license violations alleging the Bar over-served its student patrons. Recently, the Court of Appeal for Ontario found the bar had violated the law by over-serving a patron who went on to run down a pedestrian with his truck. The case, McIntyre v. Grigg, made Canadian legal history when it awarded punitive damages against a drunk driver.

The Westdale Village BIA, the Ainslie Wood / Westdale Community Association (AWWCA) and McMaster University formed the Campus Town Association in late 2004. The CTA was formed to address concerns facing both the community and the university.

In 2021, Hamilton City Council passed a Student Rental Bylaw designed to eliminate student rentals that exist in private dwellings. The bylaw is being rolled out in stages across the wards around McMaster University and Mohawk College. Although called a pilot designed to evaluate the effect of the bylaw, it does not have any presence in the Gibson neighbourhood where 60% of the residents live in rental units. There are also no criteria of what data is to be collected. The bylaw was taken from the Waterloo rental bylaw which was designed to provoke small landlords, such as senior citizens, from renting and thus into selling. Waterloo plans called for increased density around the university to handle student accommodation. Hamilton appears to want a return to a single family neighbourhood and lacks any plans for the needed replacement housing.

Politics
Westdale is currently part of the federal electoral district of Hamilton West-Ancaster-Dundas and, since 2015, has been represented by Member of Parliament Filomena Tassi of the Liberal Party.

Following a redistribution of provincial constituencies, Westdale shifted from being part of the Ancaster-Dundas-Flamborough-Westdale riding into the newly created constituency of Hamilton West-Ancaster-Dundas. In the 2018 Ontario Provincial Election, this seat was won by current New Democrat Member of Provincial Parliament Sandy Shaw.

On the Municipal level, Westdale is part of Hamilton's Ward 1 and has been represented by Maureen Wilson as city councillor since 2018. At the public school board level Westdale is represented by Elizabeth Wong as Ward 1 trustee. On Hamilton's Catholic school board, Westdale is represented by Wards 1, 2, and 15 trustee Mark Valvasori.

Education
Aside from McMaster University, four public schools are located in Westdale: Westdale Secondary School, École secondaire Georges-P.-Vanier, Dalewood Middle School, and George R. Allan Elementary School (1927–2014). The latter school has recently undergone an expansion in order to accommodate students from Ainslie Wood's Prince Philip Elementary School. As a result of the merger, the new school was named Cootes Paradise Elementary School in September 2014.

title: Westdale, Hamilton


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Sun Bu'er

Sun Bu'er (Sun Pu-erh, ), one of the Taoist Seven Masters of Quanzhen, lived c. 1119–1182 C.E. in the Shandong province of China. She was a beautiful, intelligent, wealthy woman, married with three children. Her family name was Sun and her first name was Fuchun (富春), Bu'er being her name in religion. Her husband Ma Yu was a close disciple of Wang Chongyang. At the age of 51, she took up the study of the Tao and herself became a disciple of Wang Chongyang, serving as a Taoist priestess. She eventually left her home and traveled to the city of Luoyang where after twelve years of practice, at Fengxiangu cave, she attained the Tao and, it is said, became an immortal. Sun was a teacher with several disciples, and founded the Purity and Tranquility School (Qingjing Lineage), and wrote many poems.

Early life
Sun Bu'er was born (as Sun Fuchun) in 1119, in a small town located within the Ninghai district of Shandong. Her birth was thought to be the result of a dream her mother had near the time of conception. In the dream her mother saw seven cranes near her courtyard; six of them flew away, and the seventh magically entered her mother's body through her breast. The crane is a symbol of immortality and is seen as the bird of longevity. After this dream her mother intuitively knew that she would give birth to a divine being.

At a young age, Sun Bu'er was already exhibiting saintly characteristics. She was very intelligent, lived out the Tao through chants, poems, and practicing calligraphy, and she was devoted to the rites and rules of propriety. Sun Bu'er received literary education from her father (Sun Zhongjing), who was a literary scholar. In her teens she married Ma Yu (Ma Danyang), and the couple had three sons together. Their lives would remain quiet until 1167, when Wang Chongyang's arrival changed their lives.

The School of Complete Perfection
Wang Chongyang (1112–1170) began a career as a religious leader soon after hermetizing himself on a 100-day retreat. He began a new movement named "Complete Perfection". Sun Bu'er's husband, Ma Yu, became an eager follower of Wang. This relationship caused disruption in Sun Bu'er's family life. Sun became so angry with Wang's interference in her social role that she hoped he would starve to death during his retreat. He was still alive after 100 days, during which he had perfected his sainthood. This caused Sun Bu'er to recognize her religious calling. In order for her husband to pursue his divine path she had to let him be free. She then decided to leave her family, which contradicted what was seen as her wifely duty. She then began her role in becoming one of the few women in the "Seven Perfected". This became a major statement in the conflict women undergo between their social role and their religious calling.

Life as a "Seven Perfected"
Sun Bu'er finally joined the "Seven Perfected" after being urged ten times by Wang to convert. Once formally part of the group, Sun Bu'er received her Taoist name, Bu'er. She became a Taoist nun of Complete Perfection Order and a resident of the Golden Lotus Hall, where she received the title, "Serene one of clarity and Tranquility". Sun Bu'er was then able to engage in advanced rituals. Some of these rituals consisted of conducting exorcism and acquiring spiritual powers.

Sun then moved west, where she fought rain, frost and bad terrain. She began following the Zhouyi cantong qi (Tally to the book of changes), which gave her instruction to practice her reversed breathing. She unblocked the orifices in her body, and refined the Qi (energy flow) in her three cinnabar fields (located between the eyebrows in the head, the heart and abdomen). She eventually attained full realization of the Tao.

Sun Bu'er then moved to Luoyang and attracted disciples. She set herself up in a residence called Feng xiangu dong (Grotto of the Immortal Lady Feng). She founded a female lineage there and became known for her eccentricity and for her ability to perform exorcisms.

Sun Bu'er did not appear among the Seven Perfected until sixty years after her death. She then received the formal title "Perfected of Clarity and Tranquility and Deep Perfection Who Follows Virtue".

Renunciation of physical attractiveness
Sun Bu'er is most known for her journey from Shang Dong to Luoyang, where she intentionally made herself ugly by splashing boiling oil on her face to destroy her beauty. She did this in order to survive her trip unmolested. Sun Bu'er knew her physical attractiveness made her a target for men and could hinder her chances of completing her journey. A goal of Sun Bu'er's journey was to overcome her physical attractiveness, that inhibited her Taoist cultivation. By completing this action she then became recognized for her dedication to the Tao.

Role for Taoist women
Sun Bu'er serves as a model and matriarch for women who follow the tradition of Complete Perfection. She was the only woman to become one of the Complete Perfected. Women who ordained into Complete Perfection Order follow her spiritual path for women. Her determination to lead the life of a female ascetic, devoted to the Tao, and have inspired countless other women.

Accomplishments
Sun Bu'er wrote a set of fourteen poems and is credited with various alchemical works. She used her poems and verses to give women a general outline of the alchemical enterprise for women. The poems describe the cosmic connection of an individual's qi (energy flow) and the tendency of humans to fall into sensory complications. The poems outline the path to wholeness and how to achieve the "Tao" through meditation, breathing exercises, the reversion of qi, and ending menstruation.

Sun Bu'er's poems reflect certain aspects of Taoist spirituality: that the cyclical changes in the human body and cycles of the seasons of the natural world are related. Sun Bu'er wrote about letting nature taking its natural course.

This is an example of one of Sun Bu'er's poems used for her teachings:

Projecting the Spirit
 * There is a body outside the body,
 * Which has nothing to do with anything produced by magical arts
 * Making this aware energy completely pervasive Is the living, active, unified, original spirit
 * The bright moon congeals the gold liquid
 * Blue lotus refines jade reality
 * When you've cooked the marrow of the sun and moon
 * The pearl is so bright you don't worry about poverty (Cahill, 1996, p.62).

Later life
Sun Bu'er died in 1182, having predicted the hour of her departure. Before she died, she groomed herself, put on clean clothes, presented herself to her disciples, and recited a poem, therefore she was able to control her body and life. Sun Bu'er realized her original destiny by returning to the realm of immortals, reaffirming her role as a part of the eternal Dao.

The surviving writings of Sun Bu'er consist of:
 * "Secret Book on the Inner Elixir as Transmitted by the Immortal Sun Bu'er" (Sun Bu'er yuanjun chuanshu dandoao mishu)
 * "Model Sayings of the Primordial Immortal Sun Bu'er" (Sun Bu'er yuanjun fayu)

title: Sun Bu'er


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Talk:Oxford Classical Dictionary

Somebody must write a biographical article about Max Cary (181-1958), editor of the 1st ed. He was born with the curiouly german name Maximilian Otto Bismarck Caspari, but I don't know anything about his familiy background. Early on his life he published a selection of Grote's History of Greece, with some additional matter. He was Reader of Ancient History in University College, London (or was King's College, London, I don't know) from 1908 to 1946. He anglicized his name to Max Cary during the First World War. He wrote many chapters to the Cambridge Ancient History (1st ed., 1923-39) and edited the Methuen's History of Greek and Roman World (circa 1932-1938, the first volume published was his own A History of the Greek Word from 323 to 146 B.C, other volumes contributed by historians like H. H. Scullard, E. T. Salmon, etc)  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 152.207.213.212 (talk) 18:05, 21 December 2023 (UTC)

[Untitled]
I erased the claim that there was a Third edition published in 2002. The Third Edition is actually from 1996, and according to this site, at least as of 2003, the '96 edition was still the current edition:. Decius 04:49, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The confusion may have arisen because there is a "revised 3rd edition" from 2003 (I just bought one a month ago). Stan 13:49, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Authoritative
Made an edit to a sentence. Authoritative does not equal: unimpeccable, or unquestionable, etc. See ("highly reliable" is as good as the definition gets). Authoritative means it can be used as a credible & credited reference presenting a view that is maintained at least by some scholars; it does not mean that OCD always presents the sole scholarly view or even the consensus (=majority opinion) scholarly view. See for example the 1996 edition's inclusion of Olivier Masson's view on the Ancient Macedonian language, where Masson states that it should tentatively be viewed as a Greek dialect. This is not the consensus view by any means. There are other examples. Decius 07:37, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

See also its treatment of Agatharchides, which presents one point of view. Decius 07:38, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

Decius, I agree entirely that "authoritative" does not mean perfect. No reference source is. So I don't see the need for the qualification of authoritative: "though a number of topics treated are often in dispute and/or still being investigated, and other authoritative sources often have different views". I cannot think of any non-trivial reference where it could be said that nothing in it is in dispute, not even a table of definite integrals (they always have *some* errors). On the other hand, if there are specific disputed topics, where it doesn't seem that the OCD fairly presents disputes, or doesn't present the consensus position, then those should perhaps be signaled, especially if there is a quotable source for the dispute, e.g. a review in a reputable international journal. --Macrakis 14:54, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

My edit was a response to what the former editor wrote, characterizing the OCD as "impeccable". That doesn't sound like NPOV to me. Better then that, it doesn't sound accurate. Decius 15:10, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

The dispute about the ancient Macedonian language is an example: it was not good policy of OCD to give Masson free reign the way it did, considering that more linguists disagree than agree with Masson's view. The Agatharchides situation is another example. I'll find more. Also, I would suppose that the older editions are less reliable (in the sense that new scholarship has developed different views on various topics; I'm not referring to ancient Macedonian language debate here). Decius 15:13, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

The situation is that many readers misconstrue what authoritative means in English. I've noticed that many people don't have enough reason to question an obviously dubious website (see Talk:Illyria, list of Illyrian tribes fiasco); I would suppose that even more people would not think to question OCD. Decius 15:17, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

I agree that 'impeccably authoritative' is puffery, not description. I've removed the word 'authoritative' (and the related qualifications) completely. "Standard one-volume encyclopedia" should be enough. --Macrakis 15:33, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

I agree. Thanks Macrakis. Decius 15:34, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

Question
What value is it to have external links to the "catalog" pages on the publisher's & Amazon websites? Beyond making it easier for a given person to buy a copy, that is? -- llywrch (talk) 15:53, 12 October 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oxford Classical Dictionary