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Kuala Lumpur railway station

The Kuala Lumpur railway station is a railway station located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Construction began in 1910 and was fully completed in 1917. It replaced an older station on the same site, the station was Kuala Lumpur's railway hub in the city for the Federated Malay States Railways and its successor Keretapi Tanah Melayu (English: Malayan Railways), before Kuala Lumpur Sentral assumed much of its role in 2001. The station is notable for its architecture, adopting a mixture of Eastern and Western designs.

The station is located along a road named Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin, previously known as Victory Avenue, which in turn was part of Damansara Road. The station is located closely to the similarly designed Railway Administration Building, as well as the National Mosque and Dayabumi Complex. The Pasar Seni station is located 400 metres away, across the Klang River.

Preceding stations
Prior to the construction of the current Kuala Lumpur station, two stations were already operational in the city.

The first railway station in Kuala Lumpur, nicknamed Resident Station due to its proximity to the residence of British High Commissioner, was completed and located opposite to the Selangor Club (today Dataran Merdeka) towards the west. Constructed of wood and a nipah palm roof, the station was the first in Kuala Lumpur, linking Kuala Lumpur to Klang (Pengkalan Batu) via the first railway line to connect the city with the rest of the Malay Peninsula (officially inaugurated 22 September 1886).

The second station, Sultan Street station, was constructed in 1892 at Foch Avenue (now Tun Tan Cheng Lock Road), close to the present Maybank Tower, the Puduraya bus station and Plaza Rakyat. Its design was based on Resident Station, and was stationed along the Pudu railway line, a new line that branched off north from the 1910 station, and connected mines from Ampang to the city. The line was unique in that the initial leg of the track approaching Sultan Street Station from the main line was sandwiched between two carriageways of Foch Avenue, cutting across the east side of the city.

Resident Station was demolished after construction of the new Kuala Lumpur station was completed. Meanwhile, Sultan Street Station was replaced by a smaller terminal station when the tracks at Foch Avenue were dismantled for road traffic, and was demolished after 1960. The Ampang-linked route is partially reused by the LRT Ampang line.

Design, construction and operation
Arthur Benison Hubback, a British Architectural Assistant to the Director of Public Works, undertook the design of the station. He incorporated the unique Anglo-Asian architecture in the region on the station's design. The "Neo-Moorish/Mughal/Indo-Saracenic/Neo-Saracenic" style was not uncommon at the time. Similar structures, such as the Sultan Abdul Samad Building (credited to A.C. Norman but largely designed by R.A.J. Bidwell, completed 1897), the Old City Hall (designed by A.B. Hubback, completed 1904) and the Jamek Mosque (designed by A.B. Hubback, completed 1909), pre-date Kuala Lumpur station.

At a cost of $23,000, the station was completed and operational on 1 August 1910. After the demolition of Resident Station and the isolation of Sultan Street station, the Kuala Lumpur station became the main railway station in Kuala Lumpur. A railway hotel, the Station Hotel (later renamed the Heritage Station Hotel in 1996), occupied the northern sections of the central station and the upper floors of the station, boasting 170 rooms and an ornate lobby housing Charlies Restaurant & Bar as off the late-2000s. In 1995, access to KTM Komuter services was introduced at the station.

After the diversion of long-distance intercity rail traffic less than a kilometer south to Kuala Lumpur Sentral on 15 April 2001, the original station's importance diminished. While intercity trains continue to pass the station, they no longer stop there, relegating the station to being a stop for Komuter and goods services. As a result of declining passenger traffic and patronage, redundant station facilities, such as staffed ticket counters for intercity services, station offices and rented businesses spaces, were decommissioned or slowly vacated. The Heritage Station Hotel ceased operation in 2011 following declining patronage and a series of mismanaged renovations in the late-2000s; the hotel was briefly reopened in 2014 before closing the same year. While the side platforms of the original station, which have already been raised to a leveled height for smooth embarking and disembarking for intercity coaches, were readily usable from KTM Komuter trains, the configuration of the island platform and access to services in the first 15 years of the Komuter's service meant that the original station could not be maximised for use as a transportation stop for electric trains until 2009 renovations raised the last of the original platforms (see platform).

In the months leading up to 31 August 2007, the 50th anniversary of Malaya's independence, various sources reported the transfer of various old railway equipment from a railway warehouse in Klang and a few other locations to the old Kuala Lumpur station. This included a small restored shunter and an antique fire engine. The station was officially reopened on 31 August 2007 as a railway museum (where exhibitions are placed in the main hall and platform of the station), and was mooted to be converted into a cultural centre.

Renovations, upgrades and changes
The station has undergone several major changes in its modern history. The north wing was converted for office use by 1967, closing off the arched verandahs with windows. In 1986, the station was more extensively refurbished, with the interior and relevant windows replaced with modern counterparts while the exterior was repaired and preserved, and additional new facilities and buildings, including air-conditioned waiting halls, tourism information counters and snack bars. Parts of the station's original interior designs and frames are still present in the Heritage Station Hotel.

The refurbishment also saw an additional extension built on the south wing of the building, sporting "Raj" stylings that dominates much of the building, and the addition of a frontal façade for the north wing that sports similar architectural elements, masking hints of Western designs from the front. These changes resulted in the building sporting two additional chhatris, two on the corner of each wing, alongside the original four.

Other modifications made onto the old building included the rear wall of the station carved open and extended to accommodate a new station entrance, taxi stops, several office and retail spaces, while additional double-storey retail spaces were constructed over one of the two adjacent frontal access roads to the main building. The 1986 remodelling also saw platform extensions to the north and a new station building in the area, which connected to the General Post Office at the then newly completed Dayabumi Complex (constructed 1982 to 1984). When KTM Komuter services were launched in 1995 to serve the Rawang-Seremban Route and the Sentul-Port Klang Route, ticket counters and faregates were added to the station, in common with other KTM Komuter stations. The location of Komuter facilities meant that only the newer island platform could be used by KTM Komuter trains (see platform).

After Kuala Lumpur Sentral assumed the responsibility of receiving intercity operations, portions of station facilities designated for intercity services were decommissioned or removed. Limited intercity services were reintroduced to the station following the station's designation as an ETS stop in 2009.

Platforms
The station contains three platforms serving four railway tracks, consisting of two side platforms (platforms 1 and 4) on both sides and one island platform (platforms 2 and 3) in between. The numbered designations originally applied to the lengths of both the original and extended platforms from the 1986 renovation until the introduction of Komuter in 1995, when extensions of the original platforms 2 and 3 were assigned additional "a" suffixes, i.e. platforms 2a and 3a, while designations for platforms 1 and 4 remain unchanged.

When the station originally opened in 1910 all platforms were elevated relative to the tracks but were lower than the train floor; all platforms were connected by two tunnels, respectably accessible via stairways for passengers or ramps for trolleys. The 1986 renovation, which added extended platforms elevated to the level of the train floor, had also partially raised the old side platforms to match the height of the 1986 platforms (the tunnel entrances were unaffected by the remodelling as they were located well away from the platform edges), but left the height of the old island platform largely unchanged. As a result, platforms 2 and 3 were unprepared to deal with passengers entering and exiting Komuter trains. In anticipation of the introduction of longer ETS and Komuter EMUs, renovation works were conducted in 2009 to raise platforms 2 and 3, removing century-old surface-level tunnel railings and sealing off the stairway exit from one of the tunnels to platforms 2 and 3. Larger canopy shelters connecting the old and new train sheds were also added in 2006.

The platforms have been designated the following functions:

 * Until Intercity services moved to Kuala Lumpur Sentral in 2001, platforms 1 and 4 were typically assigned to service Intercity trains. As such, ticket counters for the train services were located within the old and new station buildings. When passenger traffic at the platforms ceased after 2001, the platforms continued to be used to transfer goods to and from trains. The side platforms, like the lobby of the old station building, were open to the public between 2001 and 2011, as Komuter faregates were located at the old island platform rather than within the station building. Following renovations in 2009, the platforms were repurposed for use by the ETS in 2011 with tickets sold at counters located in the former railway fan clubhouse.
 * Like the side platforms, the island platforms (platforms 2 and 3, including the 1986 extension) originally served as platforms for Intercity trains services. When Komuter services were introduced in 1995, the 1986 stretch of the island platform was renumbered to platforms 2a and 3a, to be reassigned for trains serving the Rawang-Seremban and Sentul-Port Klang Routes. Due to the still low height of the old island platform, Komuter trains could not stop at the original stretch of platforms 2 and 3, and as such ticket faregates for Komuter services were installed towards the northern end of platforms 2 and 3 to the south as well as the modern exit for platforms 2a and 3a to the north. This also left the original platforms 2 and 3 disused following the discontinuation of intercity services in 2001. With the old island platform raised following the 2009 platform renovation, Komuter and ETS trains could stop along the entire stretch of platforms 2 and 3, moving the southern faregates away from the old platform and into the old station building.

Architecture

When originally completed in 1917, the Kuala Lumpur railway station consisted of a main terminal building at the front and three platforms serving four railway tracks at the back.

The main structure, which contains a main hall, ticket counters, railway offices and the railway hotel, is primarily designed in a "Raj" styling, mixture of Western and Mughal similar to Moorish Revival or Indo-Saracenic architecture. Dominated by horseshoe and ogee arches, and large chhatris (six originally, with two added later) at the corners of the building accompanying smaller variations at the front, the station is comparable to its contemporaries like the Sultan Abdul Samad Building, surrounding structures constructed around the Merdeka Square and the Railway Administration Building directly across the street. In addition to the main station building, a three-storey addition at the north wing was added early in its operation, adopting more Westernised vernacular designs with surrounding venrendahs and segmental arches of various widths. The façade of the station is completely plastered, as opposed to buildings of similar styles that opt for exposed brickwork, and painted in light colours (usually white or cream) throughout its service.

The platforms are covered by large steel-framed shelters, which were initially shorter during the station's early operation. The roofs were originally glazed, and were partially opened to allow smoke from steam locomotives to escape; corrugated roof sheets served as replacements later in the station's life. The sides of the platforms not adjoining the main building are surrounded by walls constructed in the same style as the main building. The platforms and main building are linked to each other via two underground passageways.

The design of the extended platform for the 1986 refurbishment of the station took a more modernist approach, consisting simply of large concrete pillars supporting a latticed roof and a ticket office on concrete slabs at the north end, suspended two stories above ground. White walls and arches that serve as decorations to the extension mimic design cues from both the old station and the Dayabumi complex. The new extension is also connected to Dayabumi via an elevated walkway.

Around the station

 * Directly across Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin:
 * Railway Administration Building
 * Hotel Majestic
 * National Mosque of Malaysia
 * Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia
 * National Planetarium
 * To the south:
 * Kuala Lumpur Regional Centre for Arbitration
 * To the north:
 * Dayabumi Complex
 * Kuala Lumpur General Post Office
 * Across the Klang River:
 * Bridge to Pasar Seni station
 * Central Market

title: Kuala Lumpur railway station


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Deakin Law Students Society

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was no consensus, so keep. moink 07:42, 9 May 2005 (UTC)

Deakin Law Students Society
Note 1: Image:Deakin Law Students Society Logo.gif must be deleted if this article is deleted or it will become an orphan.
 * Comment: As I understand it, images must be listed on Images and media for deletion. This is particularly important right now as there's a bug in the current MediaWiki code that makes it a bit tricky to tell whether an image really is unused. Also, everyone please sign your posts. No vote as yet. Andrewa 15:46, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I was listing the image here in the context of the article. Since I believe the article should be deleted, therefore the image can be done at the same time. It wouldn't make sense to have a separate vote for the image and then find out the core article wasn't deleted. Or would it? Well you might be right, I've never really run into such an issue before... I will have to read up on these rules... hmm... Master Thief Garrett 22:44, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete...this qualifies as an ad, right? And even if not, not enough Google hits. Master Thief Garrett 10:17, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - This is a non-profit organisation - how can it be an ad? Further Google Search for "Deakin Law Students Society" returns 50 000+ results.
 * Easily. Similarly, many non-profit websites are desperate for page hits. Arguably the term 'vanity' is more appropriate, though. Radiant_* 10:58, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: since the founding of Wikipedia, more and more websites have been cloning our content. Upon investigation, many of the results are pages like that, or blogs, or "stuff in Deakin area" pages, or such, rather than wider-area pages. Therefore the number of Google hits does not necessarily notability. Master Thief Garrett 09:59, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed, number of Google hits doensn't necessarily establish nobility one way or another- but "not enough Google hits" was one of your reasons for nominating in the first instance.--Damon 06:51, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * oh... yeah... I was meaning not enough that are valid, but I neglected to specify that fact. Master Thief Garrett
 * Delete, nn. Existence does not equal notability.  Non-profit does not mean not an ad.  RickK 22:37, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep and continue to expand. --Damon 00:35, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, notability not established, promo. Megan1967 04:16, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Important student groups at major universities should have a place in Wikipedia. --Centauri 06:50, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Precedent is that student group information is merged into the college/university article. See Dartmouth College.  RickK 19:59, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete student groups local to a single university. At the very most, redirect it back to Deakin University, from which it sprang forth, and which still has practically all of this spinoff's content. —Korath (Talk) 20:26, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as pointless fork. Redirect if people really want to. Radiant_* 10:58, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Notability not established. Indrian 04:47, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep: The Deakin University article should be about Deakin University. The three sentences about DLSS already in the article are more than adequate for that purpose. Any expanded coverage for student associations should be in separate articles.
 * For a precedent, see Rutgers University where every organization links to a different Wikipedia article or to an off-site article (just as html was designed to work). DialUp 05:59, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * A couple of general comments:
 * Anyone wishing to create categories to assist those studying particular subjects (i.e. Australian Law Students Associations) has a difficult task when the subject articles are lost inside larger articles.
 * When possible, articles should be tightly focused on the subject. The tendency to merge disparate subjects into loosely organized articles reminds me of hobo stew—one may throw everything into one pot, but it can be very hard to swallow and harder to digest. -DialUp 14:36, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Or it can be a rich tapestry of context against which the detail can be more easily or more completely understood. (The argument about categories does not win me over.  Articles are for the benefit of readers.  Categories are for the benefit of articles.  Not the other way around.)  Merge and redirect.  Rossami (talk) 02:17, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I guess we disagree on this. To me, the Deakin University article would not be enhanced by including specific information concerning an independent student society; such as society membership qualifications and society sponsored competitions and social events (I noticed that the DLSS article ignores pub crawls and booze cruises). And the DLSS subject would be degraded from linking with other articles (internal anchors don't work real well in Wikipedia, especially in longer articles), as well as eliminated from categorization. Nor, for the same reasons, do I think the Deakin University Law School should be merged with Deakin University. To me categories are not article enhancements—they are just another kind of navigational aide for the user. At least we agree the article is an encyclopedic topic. DialUp 14:33, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Grue 18:06, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Kukkikatte

Kukkikatte is a place located about 3 km from the city of Udupi in the state of Karnataka, India. It is a suburb of the Udupi City. "Kukkuthakatte" is a Tulu word which means a place with mangoes in abundance. Tulu is very common there

title: Kukkikatte


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Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1958–1961

This is a list of members of the Australian House of Representatives from 1958 to 1961, as elected at the 1958 federal election.

 * At this time, the members for the Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory could only vote on matters relating to their respective territories.
 * The Labor member for Hunter, H.V. Evatt, resigned on 10 February 1960; Labor candidate Bert James won the resulting by-election on 9 April.
 * The Liberal member for La Trobe, Richard Casey, resigned on 10 February 1960; Liberal candidate John Jess won the resulting by-election on 9 April.
 * The Liberal member for Balaclava, Percy Joske, resigned on 2 June 1960; Liberal candidate Ray Whittorn won the resulting by-election on 16 July.
 * The Liberal member for Calare, John Howse, resigned on 28 September 1960; Country Party candidate John England won the resulting by-election on 5 November.
 * The Labor member for Bendigo, Percy Clarey, died on 17 May 1960; Labor candidate Noel Beaton won the resulting by-election on 16 July.
 * The Liberal member for Higinbotham, Frank Timson, died on 16 October 1960; Liberal candidate Don Chipp won the resulting by-election on 10 November.


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All-Star Baseball 2005

All-Star Baseball 2005 is a baseball video game developed by Acclaim Studios Austin and published by Acclaim Entertainment for PlayStation 2 and Xbox in 2004. It was released exclusively in North America. The game features Derek Jeter on the cover. It is the eighth and last game in the series.

Gameplay
The game includes several features that most previous versions did not include, such as old players like Babe Ruth, Yogi Berra and others. Apart from each of the Major League Baseball (MLB) teams, the game also features teams made up with legends of different eras.

Players can play an exhibition game against the computer, or a 162-game season, choosing their favorite team. Users can also create their own players and set their playing talent to one of five levels: rookie, veteran, all-star, legend and hall-of-famer. The rookie level is recommended for beginners: when using the rookie level, hitting the ball becomes automatically easier (with a mechanism that the game calls "timing"). In addition, players can choose whether the fielding during a game will be done entirely by the player, by the computer, or as a combination, both by the player and the computer. The latter is called the "assist" fielding mode.

There are other modes of play. These are called the "Bonus play modes". The bonus play modes consist of a pick-up baseball bame, a Baseball Weekly trivia game, a trivia game, batting practice, and a home run contest. The pick-up game in particular features four different fields where the player can stage games, these being a schoolyard, a sandlot, a city park and a corn field. Major League players chosen by the computer "show up" for the pick-up games; the player has no control over who will show up. Typically, 16 contemporary players and two retired players (ex. Ty Cobb and Satchel Paige) show up for games. The player chooses the field and the number of innings that the pick-up games will be held for.

The trivia game offers an image of a board game. In the trivia game, two players play against each other. The computer picks up cards from a "stack of cards" placed on the board, in a somewhat similar way to the cards and the board used in Monopoly. Players must then correctly answer the question on each card. If the player is wrong, that represents one out. The player gets a "hit" for a correct answer, and the computer determines whether the hit was a single, double, triple or home run. Every time a player gets a "hit" by answering a question correctly, the computer places a chess figure on board, and the figure moves to the corresponding base, depending on what the computer determines. Before this game, players also choose what level of competition they want, and how many "innings" is the trivia game going to be played for.

Barry Bonds does not appear in All Star Baseball 2005, because he is not a member of the Professional Baseball Players Association. Instead of him, the San Francisco Giants have a make-believe player named "Wes Mailman". "Mailman" actually announces himself on one of the billboards at the Philadelphia Phillies home games. The game does feature play by play commentary by Arizona Diamondbacks television broadcaster Thom Brennaman and former major league player Steve Lyons, who sometimes offers long answers to Brennaman's questions during games.

All-Star Baseball 2005 features a variety of things that most previous versions (except 2004) did not include, such as classic players like Babe Ruth, Yogi Berra and others. Apart from each of the MLB teams, the game also features MLB legends of different eras and the 2004 American and National league teams. One particular game characteristic is that it includes the Montreal Expos, who relocated from Montreal to Washington, D.C., and changed their name to the Washington Nationals for the 2005 MLB season.

The game includes all thirty stadiums as of the 2004 season, as well as other fictional and non-fictional ball parks to bring the total to over eighty parks. Some of these parks include: the Polo Grounds used by the then New York Giants (the New York Yankees played their home games there as well from 1913 to 1922); Ebbets Field used by the Brooklyn Dodgers from 1913 to 1957, Houston Astrodome; Hiram Bithorn Stadium used by the Montreal Expos in their final season; retro, current and future versions of Fenway Park, Yankee Stadium, Shea Stadium and Dodger Stadium.

Reception
The Xbox version received "generally favorable reviews", while the PS2 version received "average" reviews, according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.

title: All-Star Baseball 2005


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Non-commercial advertising

Non-commercial advertising is sponsored by or for a charitable institution or civic group or religious or political organization. Many noncommercial advertisements seek money and placed in the hope of raising funds. Others hope to change consumer behavior. So the main goals of noncommercial advertising are:
 * Stimulate inquires for information
 * Popularize social cause
 * Change activity habits
 * Decrease waste of resources
 * Communicate political viewpoint
 * Improve public attitude
 * Remind people to give again.

So called word-of-mouth advertising is a person to person communication that is perceived as being noncommercial, concerning goods or services: it is face-to-face product related communications between and among the friends, relatives and others. Because it is noncommercial, it is usually seen as being an unbiased source of information.

title: Non-commercial advertising


text: User talk:203.142.137.10

title: User talk:203.142.137.10


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Charles Mayo

Charles Mayo may refer to:
 * Charles Horace Mayo (1865–1939), American physician
 * Charles Herbert Mayo (1845–1929), English antiquarian
 * Charles William Mayo (1898–1968), American surgeon
 * Charles Mayo (cricketer) (1903–1943), Canadian-born English cricketer
 * Charles Mayo (Anglo-Saxon scholar) (1767–1858), Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon at the University of Oxford
 * Charles Mayo (golfer), English professional golfer

title: Charles Mayo


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National Museum (Malaysia)

The National Museum (Muzium Negara) is a public museum in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia dedicated to Malaysian art, culture, and history. Located on Jalan Damansara close to Perdana Lake Gardens across KL Sentral station. Its façade comprises elements from both traditional Malay and modern features. It was inaugurated on 31 August 1963, and it serves as a repository of Malaysia's cultural and historical heritage.

The National Museum is a three-story structure, 109.7 m long and 15.1 m wide, which is 37.6 m high at the central point. The museum houses four main galleries allotted to ethnology and natural history (geology). The displays range from free-standing tableaux showing cultural events like weddings, festivals and costumes; to traditional weapons, musical instruments, arts and crafts, ceramics, and flora and fauna.

The Old Selangor Museum
Selangor Museum was the de facto national museum pre-independence. Selangor Museum was established in 1887 as an amateur affair by colonial civil servants. It was taken over by the colonial government, and following the formation of the Federated Malay States in 1896, in 1904 it was administratively merged with the Perak Museum in Taiping as the Federated Malay States Museums under director Leonard Wray Jr. A purpose-built museum building designed by prominent architect Arthur Benison Hubback opened in 1907. The Selangor Museum collection grew rapidly under curator, then director, Herbert Christopher Robinson. Other notable staff at Selangor Museum included Cecil Boden Kloss and Eibert Carl Henry Seimund. The museum also hired hunters and collectors from Sarawak, including Charles Ulok.

Much of the museum collectors’ zoological field work focussed on the hills and mountains of the peninsula's central states, Fraser's Hill, Genting Highlands, Cameron Highlands, laying a foundation for the prominence of these hill resorts in Malaysia today. The museum had a major expedition to Gunung Tahan in 1905. They also collected in Southern Thailand and Indonesia. The expeditions and collections were written about in the Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums. Collected specimens were routinely transferred to the British Museum (Natural History), some were sent to Liverpool Museums in 1914, and the vertebrate collections were fully transferred from Selangor Museum to the Raffles Museum of Singapore in 1926. On 10 March 1945, during the end of World War II, the right wing of the museum was bombed and destroyed by the US B-29 bombers, from the Allied Forces. The remaining museum collection was then moved to the Perak Museum in Taiping.

After World War II, the left wing of Selangor Museum was still in use as a historical site. On the brink of independence of the Federation of Malaya, Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman conceived the idea to build a museum to house national historical and cultural treasures as well as specimens of flora and fauna. The old museum structure was completely demolished to make way for the new museum. The new National Museum, Muzium Negara, was established on the site of the former Selangor Museum.

Design and construction
Construction began on the new museum in 1959 and was complete in 1963. The National Museum was officially opened on 31 August 1963 by Tuanku Syed Putra Ibni al-Marhum Syed Hassan Jamalullal, the 3rd Yang di-Pertuan Agong.

The museum was designed by architect Ho Kok Hoe, who was inspired by the architecture of the Malay royal palaces and vernacular Malay architecture. The design incorporated the need for exhibition and activity spaces. The large mosaic murals spanning the entrance depict the history and culture of the country. The floor of the central section of the main building is decorated with special tiles which were gifts from the government of Pakistan. In addition, UNESCO facilitated consultancies by museum experts from other museums around the world.

On 4 April 1996, the building was gazette under the Antiquities Act 169/1976 as an ancient monument and historical site.

Museum Volunteer Malaysia (MVM)
With the support of the Department of National Museums, cultural and history enthusiasts residing in the greater Kuala Lumpur area formed a group of volunteer museum tour guides in 2007 to accommodate the growing number of international tourists. At any time, between 20 and 100 volunteers of many nationalities provide tours in English, Korean, Japanese, and French. A related group was established for Malaysian visitors, operating primarily on weekends.

MVM also promotes Malaysian cultural and historical heritage in schools and organizing tours for members to places around Kuala Lumpur and Malaysia, such as a visit to Kuala Kangsar and Georgetown, Kuala Gandah Elephant Sanctuary, Royal Selangor in Setapak and celebrating the Hari Moyang in the Hma' Meri Orang Asli village in Pulau Carey. The group also organizes talks and classes about the cultural and historical heritage of the country.

In 2009, MVM organized the "Jom Main" Exhibition with the collaboration of National Museum, which revisits traditional games that children in Malaysia used to play.

Galleries
Displays and exhibits in the museum focus on local history, culture and traditions, arts and crafts, economic activities, local flora and fauna, weapons and currency.

The museum houses various galleries, each with its own theme. The ground floor showcases the geographic and natural history of the Malay peninsula starting with the Stone Age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms to Muslim sultanate of Malacca. The ancient Malay Hindu–Buddhist states of Gangga Negara, Srivijaya and Majapahit are referenced. Among the collections are the stone makara statue, the bronze Avalokiteshvara of Bidor, the model of Bujang Valley temple in Kedah, and also displaying region's ancient legacy such as Javan Borobudur and Majapahit vessel. The exhibit continues to the later Muslim Sultanate of Malacca and the various states of Malaysia. The display demonstrates the importance of Malaccan sultanate for Malaysian national identity. The second floor is dedicated to the colonial history leading all the way to Independence. There are copies of the royal headgear of Malay rulers.

Other galleries include the National Sports Gallery and the Natural History Gallery.

In the vicinity of the museum building, there are a number of outdoor displays of transportation in Malaysia, past and present. The Melaka Bullock Cart exhibit closely resembles the early American horse-drawn wagon. Of unparalleled interest are the Steam Locomotive made by Kitson & Co, England, which was put into service in 1921 until it ceased operation in 1969. It covered 1.5 million rail miles; a Tin Dredge which resembles a floating factory, on a natural or artificial lake. Also on display are motorized vehicles, including antiqued civic vehicles and private vehicles, including an early 1.3 liter Proton Saga, the first national car launched on July 9, 1985. In addition, there are two monuments in the grounds: a bronze bust of King Edward VII, and a statue of Sir Frank Swettenham.

National Museum also holds regular thematic exhibitions featuring specific aspects of life and world culture.

Central Hall
Adorning the floor of the Central Hall are blue geometric-design mosaic tiles from Pakistan, with intricate carved panels on the ceiling of the hall. The Central Hall houses temporary exhibitions, and thematic and special exhibitions are held at this hall at intervals to promote an awareness of the country's diverse culture and heritage. Foreign exhibitions are held occasionally.

Past exhibitions have included 'The Islamic Civilization', 'Our King', 'The World of Flowers', 'Durian King of Fruits', 'Masks from Sarawak', 'World Currency', 'Islamic Frontiers of China', 'American Frontiers', and 'Religious Architecture from the Netherlands'.

The museum places strong emphasis on the Malay World, and a considerable section is devoted to the founding of the United Malay National Organization, one of the parties of the National Front (Barisan Nasional). There are few if any mentions of the involvement of the Malayan Chinese Association and the Malayan Indian Congress, which three parties worked together to achieve Independence of Malaya on 31 August 1957.

Istana Satu
Another attraction of the museum is an original-size old Terengganu timber palace known as Istana Satu. It was erected by Sultan Zainal Abidin III, Sultan of Terengganu in 1884 in the compound of Kota Istana Maziah, Kuala Terengganu. This building is of Terengganu Malay traditional architecture, in the form called "Rumah Tiang Dua Belas". The wood used is cengal. Istana Satu was erected in the National Museum compound in April 1974.

The restored palace is a wooden house designed for the tropics, with stilts that allow air to circulate freely under the building and a steep thatch roof to cool the interior. There are intricate wood carvings on the doors and windows.

Next to the Istana Satu are two keliriengs or burial poles. A kelirieng is made of a huge hardwood tree trunk, carved from the top to bottom. Niched up to its sides is a space for the bodies of slaves and followers and hollowed at the top to place the jar containing the chief's bones.

Directors

 * 1959–1963: Mubin Sheppard
 * 1963–1967: J.J. Lowry
 * 1968–1991: Shahrum bin Yub
 * 1991–1996: Zulkifli bin Abd. Aziz
 * 1996–2002: Kamarul Baharin bin Buyong
 * 2002–2007: Dr. Adi bin Taha
 * 2007–2008: Paiman bin Keromo
 * 2008–2015: Ibrahim bin Ismail
 * April 2015 – September 2015: Wan Jamaluddin bin Wan Yusoff
 * September 2015 – present: Kamarul Baharin bin A. Kasim

Public transportation
Muzium Negara is situated just behind, and lends its name to, the underground Muzium Negara MRT station. The station (not the museum) is connected to KL Sentral via a 200 m long walkway. Access from the museum to the walkway to KL Sentral requires passing through the ticketed area of the Muzium Negara MRT station and the purchase of a train ticket.

title: National Museum (Malaysia)


title: User:R.123/Images


text:
Wikipedia talk:Emailing users

RfC
I'm closing this, based on the fact that AutomaticStrikeout said he jumped the gun on this RfC, which I think we can take as a withdrawal. EVula // talk // ☯  // 05:45, 30 September 2012 (UTC)

Based on some remarks made during a discussion at Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard, I am opening a conversation to discuss whether or not the email feature should continue to exist. -- AutomaticStrikeout 01:17, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Abolish. Keep everything in plain sight. Choyoołʼįįhí:Seb az86556 > haneʼ 01:22, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Abolish, as it's easily a place for like-minded editors to co-ordinate their efforts to achieve their shared wiki-goals. GoodDay (talk) 01:27, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment - it is easy to do this anyway. Just frequent WP Indic caste articles then take a look at discussions on Orkut etc. The co-ordination is obvious and frequent. So, do we ask Orkut to shut down? - Sitush (talk) 01:57, 30 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Keep, as I find it useful. --Jasper Deng (talk) 01:32, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * WP:USEFUL is not a valid argument unless you give a reason why it is useful. Would you like to provide one, please? Specifically considering that there is nothing users can do civilly by email that they can't do on Wikipedia. RedSoxFan2434 (talk) 01:56, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * There are too many for me to mention. There are some issues that just don't merit on-wiki discussion.--Jasper Deng (talk) 02:17, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't have even given such a ridiculous objection a response as USEFUL is advice for content discussions and has absolutely no relevance to this discussion. Beeblebrox (talk) 02:24, 30 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Abolish as an unnecessary tool that allows users to say things privately they would be ashamed to say publicly. AutomaticStrikeout 01:33, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Keep Upon giving it further thought, I can see that I jumped the gun here. AutomaticStrikeout 02:09, 30 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Keep - It is a useful feature, but acknowledge on the email page that everything said in email may be reposted on Wikipedia and is subject to the same Civility policies as any other edit within Wikipedia. -- Avanu (talk) 01:35, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * This is extremely ill-considered. As an admin, I get e-mails all the time on matters that are important but have no business being posted on-wiki; I can't go into detail on any of them, but suffice to say that a lot of things (i.e. dealing with sockpuppets, coordination on any number of issues, oversight requests) are extremely well-served by e-mail.  This is a complete non-starter.  The Blade of the Northern Lights  ( 話して下さい ) 01:39, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Keep. I can understand the rationale behind this, but it might have some significant collateral damage: for example, serial sockpuppeteers wandering free with legumes up their schnozzes when SPI evidence is left hanging out as a handy how-to guide for avoiding detection. Lothar von Richthofen (talk) 01:45, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Keep Very bad proposal; we practically require admins to have their email enabled, or at least we did in the old days, and for good reason. --Rschen7754 01:47, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Keep - especially wrt sock issues, this is an extremely useful facility. I use it rarely but significantly. It is also well-used by, for example, the folks at WP:RX. - Sitush (talk) 01:49, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Abolish in the name of balance between transparency and privacy. If a certain group of users is organizing something, or debating about policy, or doing anything that may be done by email that can be done on the wiki (and honestly, what DO users do via email that they can't do on the wiki?) than the whole wiki should be allowed to know about it. I also feel that encouraging users to have the EmailUser function discourages editors from becoming users due to privacy concerns about their email, which they feel they have to disclose to advance within Wikipedia; I know the feeling because I had it and decided to move forward without EmailUser anyways, and I do not like the constant feeling that I am "missing out" on aspects of discussions that are being conducted by email. RedSoxFan2434 (talk) 01:50, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Keep - This is like bringing an industrial strength planer in to fix a problem with a small spinter. You get a piece of sandpaper and fix the problem, not obliteriate entire sheets of the block because of a small problem. Fix the underlying problem of people being rude in emails getting away with it. Hasteur (talk) 01:53, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Except being rude in emails isn't the only problem. There is the problem of the fact that users are encouraged to basically make their email addresses public information, which is making things too transparent, and also allows for private debates or behind-other-users'-backs conversations that are too private. Transparency and privacy need to be balanced out by abolishing email. RedSoxFan2434 (talk) 02:02, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't think you have read anything on WP:EMAIL. Lothar von Richthofen (talk) 02:21, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Please do not accuse me of things. I have read WP:EMAIL and, just to humor you, read it again. Indeed, you are right that I apparently missed the one sentence which clarified that "Wikipedia doesn't encourage such open disclosure". However, the fact that I did not see one sentence does not mean I have not read the page at all. Despite the vibe I have always gotten that the use of EmailUser is necessary anyways, I will strike that portion of my argument. However, the overly-private aspects of EmailUser are uncontrollable and can only be stopped by abolishing EmailUser and balancing privacy and transparency (if you have an alternate solution, I would be open to it, but I cannot think of one). RedSoxFan2434 (talk) 02:39, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Alternatively, one could A) turn off EmailUser (plenty of people do) or B) not respond to any emails sent (thus preventing everything but your email address being shown; further account information is only shown if you choose to respond in the thread). I "accused" you of nothing. I stated that it did not seem to me that you hadn't read the page, based on the wording of your comment. Calm down. Lothar von Richthofen (talk) 05:01, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Actually, and I may be misunderstanding you, even if you have EmailUser turned on, your email address is only shown if you reply to an email or send one to somebody. That way, you can have it on, and only respond through email if it is someone who you trust to have your email address.  In addition, some editors create special wikipedia emails. Ryan Vesey 05:29, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Okay, so "don't accuse me" wasn't the phrase I should have used, but rather probably "don't assume things" or something like that. As for your alternative solutions, what I meant by an "alternate solution" is one that changes EmailUser for the community as a whole to protect private information AND stop any discussions that should be public from being private and behind someone's back. I can only think of ending EmailUser as an option for that, but if anyone has a better one, I'm open to it. RedSoxFan2434 (talk) 05:33, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Keep - The email feature is designed to handle issues which due to various reasons cannot be handled on-wiki such as requests for oversighting/hiding of edits containing personal information. It is counter-intuative to be forced to advertise the revealing of personal information in order to have said revealing hidden! Barts1a / Talk to me / Help me improve 01:56, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Keep I'm not aware of any long running problems with the email feature which would justify its removal. The use of it by a normally very mild-mannered editor to bite back at abuse from another editor (and then apologise for this email the next day) obviously isn't a good reason to remove what's a useful feature. I'd note that as it's impossible to send anonymous emails from this feature, it's easy to follow up on any instances of miss-use. Nick-D (talk) 02:12, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * keep and a WP:TROUT for opening such an obviously doomed, poorly thought out, frankly stupid proposal. Beeblebrox (talk) 02:25, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * "Poorly thought out"? "Frankly stupid"? Whatever happened to civility? RedSoxFan2434 (talk) 02:45, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * What ever happened to saying your bit and not posting pointy responses to other people's comments? Hasteur (talk) 04:32, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Okay, so it's perfectly okay to make pointy responses against me but when I do it once it's wrong? My apologies if you or anyone else sees me as being uncivil here, but can we all end this pointing and restore civility here? RedSoxFan2434 (talk) 05:11, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Keep For sensitive issues while e-mail can be pesky to delete, it is no where near as pesky or public as edits. When a certain politician left office, law prohibited them from deleting their e-mails, so they purchased 17 new hard drives and replaced the hard drives. Apteva (talk) 02:29, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * “frankly stupid proposal.” Br'er Rabbit (talk) 03:35, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Strong keep The number of uses for email are immense. My two most recent instances of email were to send somebody a PDF document they requested and to provide somebody with a text file with a list of over 200,000 pages.  Neither of these could be done on-wiki. Ryan Vesey 03:49, 30 September 2012 (UTC)

Amusing ArbCom self-aggrandizement
From their 2007 decision: "2. In the absence of permission from the author (including of any included prior correspondence) or their lapse into public domain, the contents of private correspondence, including e-mails, should not be posted on-wiki. See Copyrights."

"6. Any uninvolved administrator may remove private correspondence that has been posted without the consent of any of the creators. Such material should instead be sent directly to the Committee."

As if the latter is not a violation of copyrights. Pirating something just for your friends is still piracy. Tijfo098 (talk) 23:24, 25 October 2012 (UTC)

email privacy
Can the contents of a email be published on-wiki? Where is the policy documented? Nobody Ent 23:28, 25 October 2012 (UTC)
 * There is no policy. After the ArbCom case there were two draft proposal which were rejected by the community. As I suspected, NYB was not on the committee back in 2007. He might have smacked some sense into them otherwise. WP:Copyrights applies. If you have sender's permission, you're definitely ok. But even if you don't have it, fair use applies. And fair use can be quite generous when it comes to emails, see OPG v. Diebold. If someone sends and abusive email, I wouldn't lose any sleep over posting it, although if it's a clearly blockable offense, you might as well forward it (also per fair use) to admins or ArbCom. Paraphrasing an email on wiki or even posting brief quotes (if necessary) are definitely okay, in my opinion. See recent case at ANI. No admin batted an eyelid. Tijfo098 (talk) 23:35, 25 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Oh, and I checked Privacy policy too. It doesn't say anything about posting email on wiki. Instead it says that if you use the "email user" feature, your privacy may be compromised. Tijfo098 (talk) 23:40, 25 October 2012 (UTC)
 * It turns out the policy (or rather lack thereof) was already explained at Harassment. I've created a couple of shortcuts to it: WP:POSTEMAIL and WP:EMAILPOST. The easier-to-remember ones were taken already in the failed policy proposals. Tijfo098 (talk) 16:08, 28 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Also, be aware that if someone else contributed to (or wrote) the email, you may violate that individual's rights with respect to copyright if you post their creation here. -- No  unique  names  00:22, 29 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Emails are not copyrighted material. They could conceivably contain copyrighted material within them but in and of themselves, they are not copyrighted. Mugginsx (talk) 11:36, 29 October 2012 (UTC)
 * These indicate they are Nobody Ent 11:55, 29 October 2012 (UTC)
 * (1) indicates copyrighting a business letter and then putting it into a mail. That was what I was indicating above, inserting copyrighted material inside an email; (2) talks about copyrighting your email (if it were automatically copyrighted) you would not to get it copyrighted. (3) seems to indicate that all material published over the internet is copyrighted.  Copyright protection is a process you have to go through on your website.  You have to apply for a copyright first, then your information, including emails faxes or any information that comes from that copyrighted website is copyrighted and (4) I did not log in to answer the question. Mugginsx (talk) 12:56, 29 October 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm not seeing any evidence you've done any research on this. "Copyright is itself an automatic international right" Nobody Ent 13:04, 29 October 2012 (UTC)
 * I looked at your references and gave my opinion. If I am wrong, I'm wrong.  My impression was that you have to petition the copyright office or go thru a copyright lawyer to get something copyrighted.  Electronic communication must be an exception but I do not see it in the examples you gave which I did read.  Yes, according to the information in the Wiki article, and of my own knowledge, if for instance, someone was writing a book, or an article, etc., one could put a "c" on the bottom of each page and it is considered copyrighted, however, until the official petition is returned, someone could conceivably usurp that information and have it printed with no protection unless that you could prove that your work is dated prior to the printing of theirs.  What some people would do is send it to yourself and kept it unsealed with registered mail receipt. Mugginsx (talk) 13:36, 29 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Your conflating the practical issue of proving your case with the legal issue of whether a work is subject to copyright. Basically any writing that is sufficiently original is subject to copyright on creation. Monty  845  16:26, 29 October 2012 (UTC)
 * "My impression was that you have to petition the copyright office or go thru a copyright lawyer to get something copyrighted". That is not correct.  Under the Berne Convention (which almost all countries are party to), everything is copyrighted as soon as it is put in a fixed/tangible form.  Neither registration nor a copyright notice are required.  In some countries, registration provides certain benefits, such as statutory damages. Superm401 - Talk 04:57, 13 February 2013 (UTC)

Tijfo098, I'm not understanding what you're trying to do here. For one thing, the default rule in this world is that gentlemen don't publicize private correspondence without permission. (Exceptions might be made in some special rare cases, but in those cases its usually better to involve the authorities instead.) Since the Wikipedia is a subset of this world, it inherits this rule unless this is specifically overridden by a local decision (which has not been done, to my knowledge). Reference to failed proposals means little or nothing, since its almost impossible to get a general consensus for anything here; if I wanted to I could propose a policy "It it specifically permitted to publish emails" and when that failed (as it would) I could point to that to counter your examples, but all this would have little meaning.
 * Even without a policy, expect a hostile response if you post private communications on wiki without a compelling reason to do so. Discussing the contents generally is an even bigger gray area. Monty  845  16:26, 29 October 2012 (UTC)

Rather than focusing on folderol like this, could you explain what good you are trying to accomplish? Can you fill in the blank for the following statement: "On this page we should refrain from discouraging editors from publishing private emails, and this would be a positive benefit to the Wikipedia beause ___________". We're all ears; convince us on the merits. Herostratus (talk) 03:11, 30 October 2012 (UTC)

"Email this user" edit notice
Is there a way to have user defined edit notices appear on the "Email this user" function? I ask because I've gotten probably 20 emails over the past few days of editors who are trying to get feedback via using the email function. I'm very hesitant to reveal my email address to random users who found the email button so I attempt to reply on the user's talk page. The problem is I can only refer tangentally to the contents of the email (as it's expected that there is some privacy when a user uses the email function). I'd like to get to a point where the users whose AfCs I decline bring the issue to my talk page instead of using the "Email this user" function. Hasteur (talk) 20:17, 12 February 2013 (UTC)
 * You can set up a message to be displayed below the usual edit notice; see for example User:John of Reading/Emailnotice. -- John of Reading (talk) 20:23, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

Mail delivery failed: returning message to sender
Is there anything that's happened on the technical end recently that might be preventing e-mail from working properly? I've had my e-mail address confirmed since 2006 and in the past have been able to e-mail other users with no problem through the "Email this user" feature, but lately everything I send with that tool gets kicked back (even if the user's address itself is perfectly functional and can be reached through a normal e-mail process). –Roscelese (talk ⋅ contribs) 17:51, 23 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Do you use Yahoo! email? See the next section below. Wbm1058 (talk) 18:03, 22 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks for pinging me. I do use Yahoo. Is this something that might eventually be fixed? –Roscelese (talk ⋅ contribs) 19:48, 22 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Who knows, but I sure hope so. I'm on Yahoo as well, so this effects me too. Wbm1058 (talk) 20:01, 22 June 2015 (UTC)

Not receiving e-mail
sent me an e-mail regarding a magazine source he has that pertains to an article I am working on. He sent the e-mail twice and I have not received them, I checked my spam folder and nothing. I do get frequent e-mails regarding changes on my talk page. My e-mail is enabled and was confirmed back in September 2012, so I'm not sure what's going on. Best, .jona  talk  20:28, 7 February 2015 (UTC)
 * If Magiciandude's email provider is Yahoo or one of the others mentioned in this bug report then at present he won't be able to send any Wikipedia emails. -- John of Reading (talk) 21:17, 7 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks for clarifying John. Erick if this is true, can you send me the date of the source and I'll look it up (if that's possible). Best, .jona  talk  23:49, 7 February 2015 (UTC)

Are my emails to others logged anywhere?
I must not have clicked 'send copy to self' when I emailed some folks, am wondering if there's a log anywhere that I can look at to see what the email said. (Long story.) valereee (talk) 14:58, 16 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Not that you would be able to access, no - logs aren't public, and as far as I know no log would record the email contents anyway. Is it possible for you to ask the recipient(s)? Nikkimaria (talk) 15:10, 16 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Oh, sure! It's just embarrassing.  "Um, I see I have your user talk on my watchlist because apparently I emailed you back in June about something.  Do you know what that was about?  Just wondering if I can go ahead and take you off my watchlist or whether I'm still awaiting followup."  :D Thanks anyway! valereee (talk) 16:44, 16 October 2015 (UTC)

Contradiction in-line, and possibly inappropriate link to unrelated policy
Do not post the email on-wiki without permission

This contradicts the statement two sections up, as well as WP:POSTEMAIL, to which it links, that there is no consensus regarding the appropriateness of this activity. The majority of POSTEMAIL is taken up with quoting two isolated ArbCom principles, which strongly suggests that this is not a strong policy point but something ArbCom determined was inappropriate in those specific cases.

If there is no consensus, should we be telling users explicitly not to do it?

Another problem is that WP:POSTEMAIL is a section of the policy on "harassment", whereas the above quote appears in this pages guidelines for dealing with abuse of the email system. If I receive a harassing email from a blocked user, and post its contents on the talk page of the blocking admin, my posting the contents of the email is not an attempt by me to intimidate or harass the user -- in fact it's the opposite.

Hijiri 88 ( 聖やや ) 02:47, 24 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Dealing with harassment while handling joe jobs and clueless users is tricky. For example, you might send someone an email saying they made a mistake in an edit and you didn't want to embarass them by posting on their talk, but they might like to fix it. What if the recipient posted the full email at ANI, including headers with your email address and any other personal information you included, and (falsely) said you were harassing them? That's why the rule is "do not post an email". The approved method of reporting harassment would be to email an active admin with the details, or to report the situation at ANI with a general statement outlining the situation but without posting the email, and wait for advice. The "there is no consensus" text just means you might get indeffed if you post an email without permission, and you might not, depending on who responds and the circumstances. Johnuniq (talk) 05:17, 24 January 2017 (UTC)

March 2017
An editor has suggested adding "and you haven't been blocked from using it for sockpuppetry" to the the "Enabling and disabling user email" section, thus giving:
 * Email is disabled unless you specify a verified email address and you haven't been blocked from using it for sockpuppetry. This can be done either while setting up your account, or in "preferences", at any time.

I dunno if this is necessary or helpful, but anyway its unclear: is it "you have been blocked from using email, because you engaged in sockpuppetry", or "you have been blocked from using email for the purpose of sockpuppetry". Not a big fan of anon IP editing rules and info pages (get an account if you want to do that), so rolled back and the editor is invited to clarify and make his case here. Herostratus (talk) 23:22, 15 March 2017 (UTC)
 * The IP is just having fun. Ignore it. Johnuniq (talk) 03:13, 16 March 2017 (UTC)

Default subject
Can we please get rid of the default "Wikipedia email" subject fill-in and force editors to enter their own subject. My inbox will thank you. --Neil N  talk to me 15:04, 9 May 2018 (UTC)

allowing no-reply email
It might be a useful additional feature of the software if it was possible for users to opt in to allow other users to send them email without the sender having to register an email address. Any such email could come from a "no-reply" address, but still contain the username of the sender.

A reasonably obvious use case is Oversight. Although the content of the message to the team would need to be private, it is probably sufficient for them to reply via a user talk page (or not at all).

In more detail, I suggest the following behaviour:

Regards, --Money money tickle parsnip (talk) 22:38, 10 January 2019 (UTC)
 * In terms of Oversight I cannot think of any circumstance where we would reply on-wiki (or elsewhere that is public) regarding an email requesting oversight, regardless of the response. This is for the same reasons requests for oversight should not be posted on-wiki, principally the Streisand effect. This means that a user emailing us from a no-reply address would never get a response from us - this would be potentially problematic if we need more information - e.g. the requester isn't clear about what they feel needs oversight or we need some more background to fully understand the issue. We also sometimes get requests that are outside the scope of the oversight team (e.g. requests for oversight on other projects, requests for checkuser, or other matters not related to oversight), sometimes we can simply forward these on but other times they need to be referred back to the requester and/or they need to be copied in. Thryduulf (talk) 12:18, 11 January 2019 (UTC)
 * I concur, for pretty much all of the listed reasons; this isn't a great idea. Primefac (talk) 12:26, 11 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Okay thank you for your input. I guess that this conversation can be archived -- unless anyone has anything to add? --Money money tickle parsnip (talk) 15:44, 27 January 2019 (UTC)

Global email preferences?
How can I enable some features like disable email or enable it or such globally, for all Wikimedia accounts? --Hanyangprofessor2 (talk) 01:10, 14 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Preferences --> Global preferences --> Set global preferences I guess? :-) Lotje (talk) 06:11, 14 June 2020 (UTC)

How do I know if someone has an email
I messaged a user and I fear he has no email --GeometryDashFan12 (talk) 16:30, 14 October 2020 (UTC)
 * If the person has no email set you will not be able to message them - Special:EmailUser will give you a "user has not specified a valid email address". You can post a ygm message on the person's talk page if you're not sure whether they've seen the email. Nikkimaria (talk) 20:24, 14 October 2020 (UTC)

Page is out of date
The information about the toolbox menu is out of date.

It says: "Email this user" is available from the "toolbox" on the left of the screen, when any User or User talk page is viewed.

That is simply not true and should be fixed. There is no "Email user" option. Also, the menu is now named "Tools" not "Toolbox as shown in the example. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mulehide (talk • contribs) 22:03, 25 December 2020 (UTC)
 * If the user does not have email enabled, that option will not appear, but if they do have email enabled (e.g. check my userpage) it will appear. Primefac (talk) 22:56, 25 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Primefac, The option is not currently on your talk page. It has also vanished from mine, which is rather a nuisance as I have long had it enabled and was hoping to use my email to send info to another user. Any idea why the option has been withdrawn?  Tim riley  talk   22:01, 1 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Yours is the only user page I do not see "Email this user" in the sidebar. Is it possible you've disabled email and just don't remember? Primefac (talk) 22:14, 1 March 2022 (UTC)

 * Primefac, as I have said above, the option "Email this user" does not appear on your user page (or mine). I've looked using Chrome, Firefox and Edge browsers - no "Email this user" on your page or mine.  Tim riley  talk   09:34, 5 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Don't know what to say, if no one else comments it's 1-to-1 works/doesn't. Primefac (talk) 15:10, 5 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I can verify that I still see the "email this user" link on Primefac's page, and I do *not* see it on yours, Tim riley. Are you sure you haven't accidentally disabled the Allow other users to email me option in Special:Preferences? Writ Keeper ⚇♔ 16:11, 5 March 2022 (UTC)
 * This is very strange indeed. I have just looked at Primefac's page and these are the options I see under Tools:
 * What links here
 * Related changes
 * User contributions
 * User logs
 * Mute this user
 * View user groups
 * Special pages
 * Permanent link
 * Page information
 * Page size
 * Highlight duplicate links
 * Not a sign of e-mail this user. Most peculiar! Where do we go from here?  Tim riley  talk   19:57, 5 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I hate to be a putz about this, but you've been asked multiple times and not answered: do you have email enabled on your account, and/or is your account linked to an email address? Primefac (talk) 20:06, 5 March 2022 (UTC)
 * All the boxes are ticked. Most odd!  Tim riley  talk   20:12, 5 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Hold on! I don't know what I pressed, but I can now see the "email this user" line on Primefac's page and mine. Sorry if my technical ineptitude has wasted people's time, and thanks for your patience.  Tim riley  talk   20:44, 5 March 2022 (UTC)

informal question.
Given some of the discussions at various WP:AC boards, I wondered if this idea was worth floating (perhaps at some WP:VP board) As it stands now there is the last line in the email this user edit notice: and I wondered if perhaps we should bold that ... thoughts? — Ched (talk) 16:00, 4 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia makes no guarantee of confidentiality for messages sent by this system. Do not send information by email that you would not want published on the internet.
 * Wikipedia makes no guarantee of confidentiality for messages sent by this system. Do not send information by email that you would not want published on the internet.
 * Now at Village pump (proposals) — Ched (talk) 22:01, 4 April 2021 (UTC)

Abuse of email
Please see discussion at Graham (talk) 04:03, 30 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Emailing users


text:
Louis III of Anjou

Louis III (25 September 1403 – 12 November 1434) was a claimant to the Kingdom of Naples from 1417 to 1426, as well as count of Provence, Forcalquier, Piedmont, and Maine and duke of Anjou from 1417 to 1434. As the heir designate to the throne of Naples, he was duke of Calabria from 1426 to 1434.

Claim to Aragon
Louis was the eldest son and heir of Louis II of Anjou and Yolande of Aragon. The throne of the Crown of Aragon fell vacant in 1410 when Yolande's uncle King Martin died. As the daughter of King John I of Aragon, Martin's brother and predecessor, Yolande claimed the throne of Aragon for the young Louis. However, unclear though they were, the succession rules of the Kingdom of Aragon and the County of Barcelona at that time were understood to favor all male relatives before any female. Martin died without surviving issue in 1410, and after two years without a king, the Estates of Aragon by Compromise of Caspe in 1412 elected Martin's nephew Ferdinand of Castile as the next king of Aragon. Louis' family acquired some Aragonese lands in Montpellier and Roussillon.

Yolande and her sons regarded themselves as heirs of higher claim and began to call themselves king and queen of Sicily (including Naples), Jerusalem, Aragon, and Majorca. Of those, only the mainland part of Sicily was ever directly held by Louis, and only briefly. Louis also had claims on the title Latin Emperor, which his grandfather Louis I had purchased in 1383, but he never appears to have used this title.

Claim to Naples
Pope Martin V invested Louis III on 4 December 1419 as king of Sicily (Naples). This was in contrast with the will of the childless and aged queen of the Italian kingdom, Joanna II, who had adopted Alfonso V of Aragon as her heir. In 1420 Louis disembarked in Campania and besieged Naples, but had to flee at the arrival of an Aragonese fleet. Alfonso entered the city in 1421 and Louis lost the support of the Pope, tired by the costs of the war. However, when the relationships between Alfonso and the queen suddenly worsened after the arrest of Joanna's lover and prime minister, Gianni Caracciolo, the queen moved to Aversa where Louis joined her. He was adopted and named heir in lieu of Alfonso, giving him the title of duke of Calabria. When Alfonso had to return to Aragon, the kingdom was pacified. Louis moved to his feudal possession in Calabria, where he lived with his wife, Margaret of Savoy. They had no children.

Louis never became king effectively, as he died of malaria at Cosenza in 1434. His brother René succeeded Joanna upon her death the following year.

title: Louis III of Anjou


text:
15 kV AC railway electrification

Railway electrification using alternating current (AC) at 15 kilovolts (kV) and 16.7 hertz (Hz) are used on transport railways in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, and Norway. The high voltage enables high power transmission with the lower frequency reducing the losses of the traction motors that were available at the beginning of the 20th century. Railway electrification in late 20th century tends to use 25 kV, 50 Hz AC systems which has become the preferred standard for new railway electrifications but extensions of the existing 15 kV networks are not completely unlikely. In particular, the Gotthard Base Tunnel (opened on 1 June 2016) still uses 15 kV, 16.7 Hz electrification.

Due to high conversion costs, it is unlikely that existing 15 kV, 16.7 Hz systems will be converted to 25 kV, 50 Hz despite the fact that this would reduce the weight of the on-board step-down transformers to one third that of the present devices.

History
The first electrified railways used series-wound DC motors, first at 600 V and then 1,500 V. Areas with 3 kV DC catenaries (primarily in Eastern Europe) used two 1,500 V DC motors in series. But even at 3 kV, the current needed to power a heavy train (particularly in rural and mountainous areas) can be excessive. Although increasing the transmission voltage decreases the current and associated resistive losses for a given power, insulation limits make higher voltage traction motors impractical. Transformers on each locomotive are thus required to step high transmission voltages down to practical motor operating voltages. Before the development of suitable ways to efficiently transform DC currents through power electronics, efficient transformers strictly required alternating current (AC); thus high voltage electrified railways adopted AC along with the electric power distribution system (see War of the currents).

The 50 Hz (60 Hz in North America) AC grid was already established at the beginning of the 20th century. Although series-wound motors can in principle run on AC as well as DC (the reason they are also known as universal motors) large series-wound traction motors had problems with such high frequencies. High inductive reactance of the motor windings caused commutator flashover problems and the non-laminated magnetic pole-pieces originally designed for DC exhibited excessive eddy current losses. Using a lower AC frequency alleviated both problems.

In the German-speaking countries, high-voltage electrification began at $16 2/3$ hertz, exactly one third of the national power grid frequency of 50 Hz. This facilitated the operation of rotary converters from the grid frequency and allowed dedicated railway power generators to operate at the same shaft speed as a standard 50 Hz generator by reducing the number of pole pairs by a factor of three. For example, a generator turning at 1,000 rpm would be wound with two pole pairs rather than six.

Separate plants supply railway power in Austria, Switzerland and Germany, except for Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Saxony-Anhalt; converters powered by the grid supply railway power in those two German states plus Sweden and Norway. Norway also has two hydro-electric power plants dedicated for railway power with $16 2/3$ hertz output.

The first generators were synchronous AC generators or synchronous transformers; however, with the introduction of modern double fed induction generators, the control current induced an undesired DC component, leading to pole overheating problems. This was solved by shifting the frequency slightly away from exactly one third of the grid frequency; 16.7 hertz was arbitrarily chosen to remain within the tolerance of existing traction motors. Austria, Switzerland and Southern Germany switched their power plants to 16.7 Hz on 16 October 1995 at 12:00 CET. Note that regional electrified sections run by synchronous generators keep their frequency of $16 2/3$ Hz just as Sweden and Norway still run their railway networks at $16 2/3$ Hz throughout.

One of the disadvantages of 16.7 Hz locomotives as compared to 50 Hz or 60 Hz locomotives is the heavier transformer required to reduce the overhead line voltage to that used by the motors and their speed control gear. Low frequency transformers need to have heavier magnetic cores and larger windings for the same level of power conversion. (See effect of frequency on the design of transformers.) The heavier transformers also lead to higher axle loads than for those of a higher frequency. Theoretically, in turn, this leads to increased track wear and increases the need for more frequent track maintenance while in practice electric locomotives must not become too lightweight in order to preserve traction effort at low speeds. The Czech Railways encountered the problem of the reduced power handling of lower frequency transformers when they rebuilt some 25 kV AC, 50 Hz locomotives (series 340) to operate on 15 kV AC, 16.7 Hz lines. As a result of using the same transformer cores (originally designed for 50 Hz) at the lower frequency, the transformers had to be de-rated to one third of their original power handling capability, thereby reducing the available tractive effort by the same amount (to around 1,000 kW).

These drawbacks, plus the need for a separate supply infrastructure and the lack of any technical advantages with modern motors and controllers has limited the use of $16 2/3$ Hz and 16.7 Hz beyond the original five countries. Most other countries electrified their railways at the utility frequency of 50/60 Hz. Denmark, despite bordering only 15 kV territory decided to electrify their mainline railways at 25 kV 50 Hz for that and other reasons. Because it is technically very challenging and therefore not cost-effective to provide high-speed passenger services on 1.5 or 3 kV DC lines, newer European electrification primarily in Eastern Europe is mostly 25 kV AC at 50 Hz. Conversion to this voltage/frequency requires higher voltage insulators and greater clearance between lines and bridges and other structures. This is now standard for new overhead lines as well as for modernizing old installations.

Simple European unification with an alignment of voltage/frequency across Europe is not necessarily cost-effective since trans-border traction is more limited by the differing national standards in other areas. To equip an electric locomotive with a transformer for two or more input voltages is cheap compared to the cost of installing multiple train protection systems and to run them through the approval procedure to get access to the railway network in other countries. However, some new high-speed lines to neighbouring countries are already intended to be built to 25 kV (e.g. in Austria to Eastern Europe). Although newer locomotives are always built with asynchronous motor control systems that have no problem with a range of input frequencies including DC, the required additional pantographs and wiring are not universally installed in order to offer cost-reduced models like the Siemens Smartron. Likewise, newer regional passenger trainsets such as the Bombardier Talent 2 series are not certified for additional electrification systems. Despite the Deutsche Bahn train operator does not use older models from the standard electric locomotive series anymore, many smaller private rail companies do, though some are now as much as 60 years old. Even as these obsolescent models are decommissioned, it still may not be easier to unify. Meanwhile, the Deutsche Bahn tends to order rolling stock that are capable of running multiple electrification systems, especially freight locomotives and high-speed passenger trainsets as these operate across Europe.

Distribution networks

In Germany (except Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Saxony-Anhalt), Austria and Switzerland, there is a separate single-phase power distribution grid for railway power at 16.7 Hz; the voltage is 110 kV in Germany and Austria and 132 kV in Switzerland. This system is called the centralized railway energy supply. A separate single-phase power distribution grid makes the recuperation of energy during braking extremely easy in comparison with 25kV 50 Hz system tied to 3 phase distribution grid.

In Sweden, Norway, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Saxony-Anhalt, the power is taken directly from the three-phase grid (110 kV at 50 Hz), converted to low frequency single phase and fed into the overhead line. This system is called the decentralized (i.e. local) railway energy supply.

Generation and conversion
The centralized system is supplied by special power plants that generate 110 kV (or 132 kV in the Swiss system) AC at 16.7 Hz and by rotary converters or AC/AC converters that are supplied from the national power grid (e.g. 110 kV, 50 Hz), they convert it to 55-0-55 kV (or 66-0-66 kV) AC at 16.7 Hz. The 0 V point is connected to earth through an inductance so that each conductor of the single phase AC power line has a voltage of 55 kV (or 66 kV) with respect to earth potential. This is similar to split-phase electric power systems and results in a balanced line transmission. The inductance through which the earthing is done is designed to limit earth currents in cases of faults on the line. At the transformer substations, the voltage is transformed from 110 kV (or 132 kV) AC to 15 kV AC and the energy is fed into the overhead line.

Asynchronous converters
The frequency of 16.7 Hz is determined based on the need to prevent synchronism issues in components of the rotary machine. This machine primarily comprises a three-phase asynchronous motor and a single-phase synchronous generator. Synchronism occurs when the frequency reaches 16+2⁄3 Hz in the single-phase system, according to technical specifications. Therefore, the centralized system's frequency was set at 16.7 Hz to ensure that synchronism is avoided and the machinery operates correctly.

Power plants providing 110 kV, 16.7 Hz, are either dedicated to generating this specific single phase AC or have special generators for the purpose, such as the Neckarwestheim nuclear power plant or the Walchensee hydroelectric power station.

Synchronous converters
The power for the decentralized system is taken directly from the national power grid and directly transformed and converted into 15 kV, $16 2/3$ Hz by synchronous-synchronous-converters or static converters. Both systems need additional transformers. The converters consist of a three-phase synchronous motor and a single-phase synchronous generator. The decentralized system in the north-east of Germany was established by the Deutsche Reichsbahn in the 1980s, because there was no centralized system available in these areas.

Facilities for 15 kV AC railway electrification in Germany, Austria and Switzerland
Germany, Austria and Switzerland operate the largest interconnected 15 kV AC system with central generation, and central and local converter plants. However, there are islands with alternative electrification systems. For example, the Rübeland Railway is the largest 25 kV AC line in Germany.

Norway
In Norway all electric railways use 15 kV $16 2/3$ Hz AC (except the Thamshavnbanen museum railway which uses 6.6 kV 25 Hz AC). The Oslo T-bane and tramways use 750 V DC power.

Sweden
In Sweden most electric railways use 15 kV $16 2/3$ Hz AC. Exceptions include: Saltsjöbanan and Roslagsbanan (1.5 kV DC), the Stockholm Metro (650 V and 750 V DC) and tramways (750 V DC). The Oresund Bridge linking Sweden and Denmark is electrified at 25 kV, Danish standard; the split is located on the Swedish side near the bridge. Only two-system trains (or diesel trains; rare) can pass the point.

title: 15 kV AC railway electrification


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Juanita Virginia Enos

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 07:04, May 2, 2005 (UTC)

Juanita Virginia Enos
According to the entry, the woman is just a normal mother.

Lotsofissues 10:29, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Appears to be an unremarkable geneology page, and therefore not suitable for Wikipedia. Average Earthman 10:43, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Wikipedia is not a geneology reference site. Although, so much of this stuff is added each day, we might as well start one... Wikineology! Master Thief Garrett 10:48, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Longhair | Talk 12:18, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Appears to be a newbie, possibly autobiographical, and appears to intend to add her children and other relatives as well, see user contributions, most of the added births are in the last few years. There are problems with a genealogy wiki covering living people, and even recently dead ones, notably vandalism and identity theft. Andrewa 16:02, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable.  Quale 00:03, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Treacle mining

WP Food assessment
I rated this article as a low importance C-Class article. British humor, enough said... --Jeremy ( Blah blah... ) 03:27, 22 June 2008 (UTC)

Custard Pie is considered a low importance article. What a boring lot. Not even sure what importance means. Slightnostalgia (talk) 18:27, 17 November 2014 (UTC)

Wymsey Treacle Mine
It was as an apprentice at nearby Aldermaston in the early 1960s that I came across the Tadley Treacle Mines, previous apprentices had made an 8mm film depicting the defence of the mines by Ancient Britons. The dramatic realism was frequently marred by said Britons jumping onto red Thames Valley double decker buses followed by legions of Roman soldiers.

It was from this that I got the idea for the Wymsey treacle mine mentioned in the article.

Source of joke?
The explanation I read that "treacle" originally meant medicine, so the various healing wells around Britain were called "treacle wells". Treacle later came to mean sticky syrup due to the popularity of a honey-based drug called "Venice treacle", and the continued use of the old form in the treacle wells led to the joke.

Source: Maypoles, Martyrs and Mayhem by Quentin Cooper and Paul Sullivan

DaibhidC 20:10 18 November 2005

The treacle mines at Maidstone were created by an ancestor of my family to explain the large blank buildings of the paper factory. Similarly the mines below Biggin Hill airfield which were in full production just before the second world war were created by myself during an intellectual discussion at the Greyhound at Keston for the education of a colleague who was also convinced that the word "gullible" cannot be found in the Oxford English Dictionary.

Grays
The following is taken from my contributions on the subject to uk.rec.sheds: My late and sadly missed father used to tell us kids that there were treacle mines at Stifford Clays. He reckoned that, over geological time, rain had washed the honey from the beehives of Orsett Fen down the river Mardyke where it had formed great aluvial beds of confectionery, hardened by the pressure of the overlaying rocks.

The Mardyke valley is no more, swept aside by the A13 re-routing. I wonder if they had to use special liquorice piling to re-inforce the beds of treacle?

But no matter. In Lincolnshire there were always treacle mines at Pode Hole and Hubbert's bridge, also areas of fenny aluviation. In the Lake district the immense pressures of upthrust have produced one of the two metamorphosed forms - Kendal Mint Cake. In volcanic areas, of course, the metamorphosed form is cinder toffee. And in the glaciated areas of scotland the treacle beds were transformed into brittle screes of Butterscotch, weathered by the recurrent frosts.

What I wonder is, are there other layers of petro-toffee in the country, that I wot not of? Can any readers tell us if thier sleep is disturbed in the early morning as the tiny hobnailed boots of 5" high mint-miners resound over the cobbles?

Perhaps the origin of Mint Cake should be explained on the front page? Brunnian (talk) 05:56, 22 May 2009 (UTC)

Style
It seems to me that this article is written in a style unbefitting an encyclopedia, and much more like a rambling drunk in a pub. I would offer to rewrite it, but I only identified the style as that because it is the style in which I write. Anyone else, please go ahead :) SirEelBiscuits (talk) 03:21, 10 June 2009 (UTC)

Sarratt Treacle Mines
Okay, I am a complete novice with absolutely no understanding of how Wikipedia entries are compiled. However it seems odd that the article on Treacle which lead me to this Treacle Mining article has the following paragraphs (all without preamble or explanation) on the joke about treacle mining, while this section (that's all about this joke) fails to mention Sarratt at all. Why is it even in the Treacle article, that's a simple factual food item article, when there's a separate section dealing with the "joke". It should maybe just have a mention there, under Popular Culture, and be fully written up in this Treacle Mining article?

Paragraphs: '''The Sarratt Treacle Mines

A History

Since their discovery in 1562 right up until their closure in 1946 the Sarratt Treacle Mines have been an important part of village life in Sarratt.

[rest of text excised] —S MALL JIM   11:31, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

''' — Preceding unsigned comment added by 115.64.132.182 (talk) 10:03, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Well spotted! It certainly didn't belong in the Treacle article, so I've removed it. The same editor has previously tried adding it to this article, see Special:Contributions/Rev._Deacon, and it's been removed because no sources were provided, and an internet search provides no hint of any reliable sources for the "joke" or legend. It therefore fails our verifiability test. If the editor continues to add it without any attempt at discussion, (s)he'll eventually get blocked for vandalism. —S MALL  JIM   11:31, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

Origin
'One possible origin of the joke is from 1853 when 8,000 British Army soldiers were camped on Chobham Common'
 * There are many reports in newspapers around January and February 1849 of a hogshead of treacle hitting the ground when a horse drawn cart tipped over. They refer to it as a 'Treacle Mine'.  jmb (talk) 18:26, 31 December 2014 (UTC)

Polegate Treacle Mines
I've added some more on the Polegate treacle mines, which predate the public house. I can find a references on the Internet to 1978 and 1960s. My own mother remembered tales of the treacle mines from her childhood in the 1950s. I'd suggest a local historian may be able to dig up some much earlier references if they're not too sticky. Lkchild (talk) 09:11, 1 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110717093624/http://www.treacleminer.com/docs/buxtedtreacle.htm to http://www.treacleminer.com/docs/buxtedtreacle.htm

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title: Talk:Treacle mining


text:
Moseley (disambiguation)

Moseley is a suburb of Birmingham, England.

Moseley may also refer to:

Places

 * Moseley (crater), an impact crater on the Moon
 * Moseley, South Australia, a locality
 * Moseley, Wolverhampton, a location in England in the West Midlands
 * Moseley, Worcestershire, a location in England
 * Moseley, Virginia, an unincorporated community in the US

Other uses

 * Moseley (surname)
 * Moseley Baker (1802–1848), an American lawyer, politician, and military officer
 * Birmingham Moseley Rugby Club, formerly known as Moseley Rugby Football Club, based in Birmingham, England

title: Moseley (disambiguation)


text:
John Nash (artist)

John Northcote Nash (11 April 1893 – 23 September 1977) was a British painter of landscapes and still-lives, and a wood engraver and illustrator, particularly of botanic works. He was the younger brother of the artist Paul Nash.

Early life
Nash was born in London, the younger son of lawyer William Harry Nash who served as recorder of Abingdon and Caroline Maude Jackson. His mother came from a family with a naval tradition; she was mentally unstable and died in a mental asylum in 1910. In 1901 the family moved to Iver Heath, Buckinghamshire. Nash was educated at Langley Place in Slough and afterwards at Wellington College, Berkshire. He particularly enjoyed botany, but was unsure which career path to take. At first he worked as a newspaper reporter for the Middlesex and Berkshire Gazette, in 1910. His brother became a student at the Slade School of Art the same year, and through his brother Paul, met Claughton Pellew and Dora Carrington.

John Nash had no formal art training, but was encouraged by his brother to develop his abilities as a draughtsman. His early work was in watercolour and included Biblical scenes, comic drawings and landscapes. A joint exhibition with Paul at the Dorien Leigh Gallery, London, in 1913 was successful, and John was invited to become a founder-member of the London Group in 1914. He was an important influence on the work of the artist Dora Carrington (with whom he was in love), and some of her works have been mistaken for his in the past.

First World War
In 1915 Nash joined Harold Gilman in Robert Bevan's Cumberland Market Group and in May that year exhibited with Gilman, Charles Ginner and Robert Bevan at the Goupil Gallery.

Nash's health initially prevented him enlisting at the outbreak of the First World War but from November 1916 to January 1918 he served in the Artists Rifles, the unit that his brother had joined in 1914 before taking a commission in the Hampshire Regiment. He served as a sergeant at the Battle of Passchendaele and at the battle of Cambrai. On the recommendation of his brother, Paul worked as an official war artist from 1918.

In 1914 Nash began painting in oils with the encouragement of Harold Gilman, whose meticulous craftsmanship influenced his finest landscapes. Nash's most famous painting is Over the Top (oil on canvas, 79.4 x 107.3 cm), now hanging in the Imperial War Museum. It is an image of the counter-attack at Welsh Ridge on 30 December 1917, during which the 1st Battalion Artists' Rifles left their trenches and pushed towards Marcoing near Cambrai. Of the eighty men, sixty-eight were killed or wounded during the first few minutes. Nash was one of the twelve spared by the shell-fire, and painted this picture three months later. The Cornfield, held by the Tate Gallery, was the first painting Nash completed that did not depict the theme of war. The picture with its ordered view of the landscape and geometric treatment of the corn stooks prefigures his brother Paul's Equivalents for the Megaliths. Nash said that he and Paul used to paint for their own pleasure only after six o'clock, when their work as war artists was over for the day; hence the long shadows cast by the evening sun across the middle of the painting.

Post-war career
Nash married Carrington's friend Dorothy Christine Kühlenthal in May 1918. She was the daughter of a German chemist who had settled in Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, and had studied at the Slade. Their only child, William, was born in 1930; he died when he fell out of the back of a moving car in 1935, aged 4.

From 1918 to 1921, Nash lived at Gerrard's Cross, with summer expeditions to the Chiltern Hills and Gloucestershire. In 1919 he became a member of the New English Art Club, and in 1921 he became the first art critic for The London Mercury. He moved to Meadle, near Princes Risborough, also in Buckinghamshire, in 1921, which remained his permanent home until 1944. He frequently visited the valley of the River Stour in Essex and Suffolk, where he bought a summer cottage.

After the First World War, Nash's efforts went mainly into painting landscapes. Eric Newton, the art historian said of him 'If I wanted a foreigner to understand the mood of a typical English landscape, I would show him Nash's best watercolours." Emotions concerning the war, however, continued to linger for many years; and this was depicted in his landscape painting. This is particularly evident in The Moat, Grange Farm, Kimble, oil on canvas, exhibited in 1922. In this brooding landscape the trees and their tendril-like branches envelope the entire picture plane.The dark subtle colours and evening light give the painting a claustrophobic atmosphere. This painting, completed a few years after the war, is characterised by a sense of bleak desolation that suggests the profound introspection that for many followed the devastation of the war. Although he had a great love of nature Nash often used natural subjects to convey powerful and sensitive thoughts concerning the human condition. He was close friends with the writer Ronald Blythe, who dedicated his best-selling book Akenfield to the artist, and who shared his love of the unmanaged forest where fallen trees were left to create their own chaos.

In 1923 Nash became a member of the Modern English Water-colour Society. In 1923 he worked in Dorset and in 1924 in Bath and Bristol. From 1924 to 1929 he taught at The Ruskin School of Drawing and Fine Art (Oxford). In 1927, he wrote and illustrated a book on Poisonous Plants. From 1934 to 1940 he taught at the Royal College of Art in London, working on wood engravings and lithographs. In 1939 he visited the Gower Peninsula, near Swansea – the first of many visits to Gower and other parts of Wales.

Nash was also an accomplished printmaker. He was a founder member of the Society of Wood Engravers in 1920. He produced woodcuts and wood engravings first as illustrations to literary periodicals, and then increasingly as illustrations for books produced by the private presses; these include Jonathan Swift's Directions to Servants (Golden Cockerel Press, 1925) and Edmund Spenser's The Shepheard's Calendar (Cresset Press, 1930). His interest in botanical subjects is shown by his illustrations to H. E. Bates Flowers and Faces (Golden Cockerel Press, 1935) and Bob Gathorne-Hardy's Wild Flowers in Britain (Batsford 1938).

Later life

At the beginning of the Second World War Nash served in the Observer Corps, moving to the Admiralty in 1940 as an official war artist with the rank of Captain in the Royal Marines. He was promoted acting major in 1943, and relinquished his commission in November 1944.

After the war, Nash lived at Wormingford, in the Stour Valley in Essex where he had bought the Elizabethan yeoman's house, Bottengoms in 1944. Nash joined the staff of the Royal College of Art in 1945 and continued to teach there and later at the Flatford Mill field studies centre. When in Essex, Nash taught at Colchester Art School and in 1946, along with Henry Collins, Cedric Morris, Lett Haines and Roderic Barrett, became one of the founders of Colchester Art Society and later the Society's president. Nash bequeathed his personal library and several of his paintings and engravings to The Minories, Colchester, who later sold most of the material to the Tate. Nash became an Associate of the Royal Academy in 1940 and a full member in 1951. He became a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1964. His retrospective exhibition at the Royal Academy in 1967 was the first for a living painter.

Nash suffered from severe arthritis in later years. His wife died in 1976; they had been married for over 58 years. Nash died on 23 September 1977, in Colchester. They are both buried at St Andrew's, Wormingford, Essex. Ronald Blythe inherited Bottengoms from Nash.

title: John Nash (artist)