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Wikipedia:Dashboard/policy

Convention issues
Choices: View Watch Recent changes Edit Discuss

Current discussions about potential policies, guidelines and style standards can be found at Current surveys. Announcements of those that have recently been passed can be found at Announcements. Since it is better to keep all related matters on a single page, this policy watch has been deprecated in favor of those older and more frequently visited pages. illuminati

title: Wikipedia:Dashboard/policy


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File:ColourShading.png

Colour wheel with shading.

created in Adobe Photoshop by stib 13:16, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:ColourShading.png


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Yanacocha

Yanacocha (Cajamarca Quechua: yana = "black, dark", qucha = "lake, puddle, pond, lagoon")  is a gold mine in the Cajamarca region of the Northern Highlands of Peru. Considered to be the fourth largest gold mine in the world, it produced 0.97 million ounces of gold in 2014. The 251-square kilometer open pit mine is situated about 30 kilometers (14 km straight line) north of Cajamarca, in high pampa, straddling the watershed. The operation is a joint venture between Newmont Goldcorp (51.35% ownership), Compañia de Minas Buenaventura (43.65%) and the International Finance Corporation (5%).

Mercury spilled by the mining company has poisoned hundreds of people living near the mine and contaminated local water sources. Thousands of local residents have protested the mine in an environmental conflict that also includes ongoing lawsuits against the mining companies. Environmental defenders opposing the mine have been killed and others have received death threats.

Overview, background
Yanacocha gold mine is located in the province and department of Cajamarca Region, about 800 kilometers northeast of Lima, Peru in the Northern highlands at 3,500 and 4,100 meters above sea level. It operates in four primary basins and is the largest gold mine in South America. Since 1999 it is a joint venture between Colorado-based Newmont Mining Corporation (51%), Buenaventura (44%) and the World Bank Group's International Finance Corporation (5%).

Geology
Exploration from 1985 to 1993 determined Yanacocha was an 18 km by 6 km northeast trending belt of gold bearing high sulfidation outcrop system. Drilling in 1986 confirmed the gold potential. Other deposits discovered during this time include the Carachugo, San Jose, Yanacocha Norte, Maqui Maqui, Yanacocha Sur, Cerro Negro Este, and Cerro Quilish. Production began in 1993. By 2010, 20 hard rock deposits and 2 gravel alluvial fan deposits were being developed. The gold deposits are located in Miocene to Pliocene volcanic andesite host rocks.

Gold and copper mineralization is centered around the Yanacocha diatreme, breccia envelopes, as in Yanacocha Norte and Yanacocha Oeste, or in the pyroclastic ignimbrite sequences, as in Yanacocha Sur. Argillic alteration commenced 11.5 Ma in the southwest part of the district at Cerro Negro Oeste, then proceeded east-northeast to Maqui Maqui in 10.2 Ma, then finally at Yanacocha Norte and Sur in 8.5 Ma. The epithermal systems were contemporaneous with porphyry intrusions.

Production
Production began in 1993.

In 2005, Yanacocha's production peaked with 3,316,933 ounces (103,200 kg) of gold (INEI). Since then, production has steadily decreased:

According to Newmont Mining annual reports from 2005 to 2011, local protests did not hinder production apart from a short production stop in 2006 due to a road blockade.
 * 3.3 million ounces (2005)
 * 2.6 million ounces (2006)
 * 1.6 million ounces (2007)
 * 1.8 million ounces (2008)
 * 2.1 million ounces (2009)
 * 1.5 million ounces (2010)
 * 1.3 million ounces (2011)
 * 0.97 million ounces (2014)

Yanacocha said the mine provided 2,300 direct jobs.

History
Native Quechua people were aware of gold in the area and called the local river Corimayo, or "gold river." During Ramandi's 1859 expedition to Yanacocha, he noted mines "by the name of Carachugo, and they are in a porous quartz rock, their tunnels are very long..." In 1962 the Guggenheim Bros. ASARCO filed three claims following their discovery of the Michiquillay porphyry copper deposit in 1957. In 1968 Nippon Mining drilled 13 exploration wells. From 1970 to 1971, the British Geological Survey included the Yanacocha District in their reconnaissance survey, which showed the district contained a significant silver anomaly. This led CEDIMIN, a joint venture of BRGM and Compania de Minera Buenaventura, to acquire the mineral concessions in the district. Trenching in 1982 confirmed significant silver. Newmont Mining Corporation became the operator of the joint venture in 1985 after a site visit in 1983 and 25 drill holes were made in 1984.

In 1993, the IFC lent $23 million to build Yanacocha, which was then co-owned by US based Newmont, the Peruvian mining company Buenaventura and French government owned company Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM). The partnership collapsed in 1994 after BRGM tried to sell part of its shares to an Australian company which was a rival of Newmont. Newmont and Buenaventura would both go to court to challenge the trade.

Larry Kurlander, then a senior executive at Newmont, claimed the French President Jacques Chirac had sent a letter to then Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori asking him to intervene in the court case in favor of BRGM, the French owned company. Newmont sent Kurlander to Peru in order to try to get a favorable outcome for Newmont. The legal battle eventually made it to the Peruvian Supreme Court.

During this period Kurlander acknowledged having met with Vladimiro Montesinos, the Peruvian intelligence chief who has since been found guilty of embezzlement, illegally assuming his post as intelligence chief, abuse of power, influence peddling and bribing TV stations. However, Kurlander claimed that he did nothing illegal and that the French government took similar steps to contact Montesinos. The French ambassador to Peru Antoine Blanca denied this, saying that Montesinos was on the CIA payroll and thus would side with the U.S-based company.

After the fall of Fujimori in 2000, a number of videos Montesinos had taped of himself meeting with several domestic and foreign leaders and offering bribes and accepting them had emerged. In October 2005 Frontline in co-production with The New York Times found a February 1998 recording of a telephone conversation between Montesinos and Kurlander. The following is an excerpt from the tape:

 * ''Kurlander:...we have a very serious problem in Peru with our company (Newmont) and Minera Buenaventura so I have enlisted the support of some of my friends from a variety of intelligence communities. I need it especially because the other side (the French government) has been acting quite strangely.

 * Montesinos (to interpreter): Tell him that I am perfectly aware of the problem he has and the people he represents have with the French, as well as the problem he has with the judiciary.

 * Kurlander: So now you have a friend for life. I want a friend for life.

 * Montesinos (to interpreter): I thank you very much for what you have just told me and well you already have a friend. Tell him I'm going to help him with the voting. I would like to know the tricky practices of the French. The French Connection!

 * Kurlander: The French Connection!

 * (laughter)

Along with this telephone conversation, Frontline and The New York Times re-broadcast three other videos. One was filmed in April 1998 and shows Montesinos talking to "Don Arabian", the CIA station chief in Peru, in an attempt to get CIA to pressure the U.S. to back Newmont in the case. In the video Montesinos claimed to have found e-mails from Paris to Peru of French officials trying to influence the court to get a decision favorable to France.

Another video recorded in May 1998 showed Montesinos meeting with Peruvian Supreme Court Justice and former classmate, Jaime Beltran Quiroga, in which Montesinos said that in the case between Newmont and BRGM state interests are at stake. He told Quiroga that if the decision went to Newmont, the United States would back Peru in its border dispute with Ecuador which had exploded into the Cenepa War a few years prior. He also told Quiroga to deny any connection with him to the press. Quiroga later played a crucial role, as his vote was deciding in the Newmont victory. After the video was first broadcast on a Peruvian local television station in 2001, the French Ambassador Antoine Blanca was quoted as saying "Now I know why Newmont won".

In July 1999, Montesinos was seen with the then departing CIA station chief "Don Arabian" on the third video, giving him a gift and thanking him for the help he gave Peru stating "[W]e hope that when you're back there [in Washington] you'll remember your friends".

The IFC financed Yanacocha's expansion in 1999 for which it received the 5% ownership stake.

Environmental conflict

Newmont has been involved in an ongoing conflict over damages resulting from a mercury contamination. On June 2, 2000, 151 kilograms of mercury were spilled when transported by a contracted truck from Yanococha to the Pacific coast, contaminating the town of Choropampa and two neighboring villages. According to government estimates, more than nine hundred people were poisoned.

Local environmental activists have claimed that mining operations, which use large quantities of a dilute cyanide solution, have contaminated the water sources, leading to the disappearance of fish and frogs, illnesses among cattle, air pollution, and loss of medicinal plants. An environmental audit by the Colombian consultancy firm Ingetec S.A. (Ingenieros Consultores: Auditoría Ambiental y Evaluaciones Ambientales de las Operaciones de la Minera Yanacocha en Cajamarca - Perú 2003) found some water contamination above permitted levels, and recommended improvements to Yanacocha's environmental management practices. However, the study did not examine claims of impacts on wildlife, plants or livestock. Based on an Ingetec review in April 2006, Yanacocha acted on the 309 Ingetec recommendations, fully implementing 137, making progress on 111, and starting to address 45 of the recommendations - representing progress on 90% of the recommendations in advance of the agreed 2007 completion date.

In 2004, more than 10.000 people living in the Cajamarca area protested the expansion of Yanacocha onto nearby Cerro Quilish, a mountain that supplies water to Cajamarca. In response to public outcry, Newmont announced that further exploration would be suspended. However, since Yanacocha starts its expansion, the landscape has been changed drastically.

At the end of 2004 after losing a three-year fight to keep the lawsuit out of US courts, Newmont announced that it would participate in settlement talks before two retired Colorado judges. But the mediation talks failed to produce a settlement and eleven hundred campesinos, announced they would go ahead with their suit in Denver district court. In 2008, the Peruvian Supreme Court upheld the validity of settlement agreements reached with some of the plaintiffs in the remaining Peruvian lawsuits prior to the filing of those suits. the parties in the Denver cases agreed to binding arbitration and settled. By the beginning of 2010, Newmont reported that claims of approximately 200 plaintiffs remained unsettled.

The mercury spill had also led to two separate complaints to the Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman (CAO) of the International Finance Corporation (IFC)/Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA). Starting in 2001 the CAO held a series of meetings with local stakeholders who raised concerns regarding the impacts of the mine, and made suggestions for transparent dialogue between the community and Yanacocha. A Mesa (roundtable for dialogue) was formed. The CAO sponsored the 2003 water study, and the water monitoring program until 2006. In February 2006 the CAO concluded its involvement and published an "Exit Report" which included a table summarizing progress made against the original concerns raised by the community in 2001.

At the beginning of August 2006, protests broke out against the expansion of the company's Carachugo pit, building a dam (El Azufre) near the village of Combayo. Residents of Combayo blocked the roads leading to the dam, protesting against possible contamination of water supplies and expressed their disappointment in sharing in social and economical benefits of the mining project. The protests ended in clashes between Police and private Yanacocha security guards (FORZA) on the one hand and local farmers on the other. Several people were wounded and Isidro Llanos Canvar, a local farmer, was shot dead. At the end of August 2006, Carachugo II was closed for three days as local farmers blocked the entrance roads to the pit demanding clarification of the death of Isidro.

On 2 November 2006, Edmundo Becerra Corina, an environmentalist and opponent of Yanacocha's gold mining project, was shot dead in Yanacanchilla, Cajamarca province. He had received several death threats because of his opposition to the expansion of the mining company's activities in the region. The attack took place days before he was due to meet with representatives from the Ministry of Energy and Mines.

The Peruvian NGO GRUFIDES, an environmental organization with a strong anti-mining stance, investigated the killings and provided support for the families of protesters that were injured and killed in the August demonstrations. In November 2006 two members of Grufides, Father Marco Arana and Mirtha Vasquez reported receiving several death threats and were followed and filmed both at work and at home. An investigation by the Peruvian press uncovered that individuals with ties to the security firm FORZA, which Newmont hired to provide security at Yanacocha, were involved in the surveillance of the GRUFIDES staff members. Newmont denied any involvement in the harassment or surveillance. In response to the threats Amnesty International issued an urgent action stating that "their lives, and those of others associated with GRUFIDES, may be in danger".

On 15 June 2007, several local farmers, including two minors, were injured and taken into custody by public and private police forces paid by Yanacocha in the village of Totoracocha. The farmers occupied heavy machinery of the mining company as they were protesting against wage withholding for construction work they had been carried out for Yanacocha.

title: Yanacocha


text: Category:Cape Verdean people

title: Category:Cape Verdean people


text:
Action of 18 May 1657

This battle took place on 18 May 1657 and was a victory for the Republic of Venice over the main Ottoman Navy and the fleet of the Ottoman province of Algiers. Not many details are known.

Venice
Capitana d'Algeri (ex-Algerian Perla, captured earlier that year) Arma di Midelborgo Pomerlan Arma di Colognia

Ottomans
14 saiks - Captured

title: Action of 18 May 1657


text:
Doggie Julian

Alvin Fred "Doggie" Julian (April 5, 1901 – July 28, 1967) was a college football coach, a college basketball player and coach, and an NBA coach.

Early life and education
Julian was born in Reading, Pennsylvania. He attended Bucknell University, where he lettered in football, basketball, and baseball, and from which he graduated in 1923

Playing career
From 1923 to 1926, Julian played minor league baseball with a number of clubs: the Reading Keystones, the Harrisburg Senators, the York White Roses, the Chambersburg Maroons, and the Lawrence Merry Macks.

Coaching career
Julian served as the head college basketball coach at Muhlenberg College in Allentown, Pennsylvania, from 1936 to 1945, at the College of the Holy Cross from 1945 to 1948, and at Dartmouth College from 1950 to 1967, compiling a career college basketball record of 379–332. Julian led Holy Cross to the NCAA title in 1947. His team, which included later National Basketball Association (NBA) great Bob Cousy, almost repeated this feat in 1948, losing in the semifinals. Dartmouth reached the NCAA tournament three times under him, with their 1959 appearance being their last appearance in the tournament as of 2024; in the eight seasons following 1959, Dartmouth had a losing record six times.

Julian was hired by the Boston Celtics of the NBA after his college success, but he recorded only a 47–81 mark before he was dismissed in 1950. Julian was also the head football coach at Schuylkill College from 1925 to 1928, Albright College from 1929 to 1930, and Mulhlenberg from 1936 to 1944, amassing a career college football record of 77–63–3. In addition, he served as Mulhlenberg's head baseball coach from 1942 to 1944, tallying a mark of 16–18. Julian was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a coach in 1968.

Death
Julian died on July 28, 1967, at a nursing home in White River Junction, Vermont. He had suffered a stroke the previous December in Rochester, New York while coaching Dartmouth in the Kodak Classic basketball tournament.

title: Doggie Julian


text: Category:Cape Verdean politicians

title: Category:Cape Verdean politicians


text:
Yohanna Barnaba Abdallah

Yohanna Barnaba Abdallah (died 1924) was a clergyman and historian of the Yao people of central Africa.

Life
Abdallah was born in northern Mozambique, and was the stepson of Barnaba, a village chief.

He was ordained as an Anglican priest at Likoma Cathedral in 1898. After a brief stint at Zanzibar, he took up residence at the Unangu station on the east side of Lake Malawi, eventually spending most of his career there. He was the first priest to be ordained in the Diocese of Nyasaland. He made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1905. In 1924, Father Abdallah, en route to the coast for a holiday fell seriously ill in Medo, and died, possibly of pneumonia, on 11th Feb 1924.

Abdallah was noted as a scholar of the Greek language and of the Bible, but his chief claim to fame is his Chikala cha Wayao, a seminal study of the Yao people and Yao language. It was translated by Meredith Sanderson and published in 1919, and republished in 1973.

title: Yohanna Barnaba Abdallah


text:
Talk:Israel Kamakawiwoʻole

Video link
I was wondering about the video link that can be found under external links.

If the link to the youtube video should be kept someone should change the url since the video the current url is referring to has the audio from a different person then the person this article is about.

The correct url is the standard youtube link but replace 0OMLoAtC9RY with D68ymfjpw98. I tried to change it myself but the change was reverted. The video at the new url is orginally the same as the old one but the new have the correct audio.

//Theblacksmith99 (talk) 00:50, 15 March 2009 (UTC)

Pronunciation
Is it possible to get some help with the pronunciation of his last name? How about recording and embedding an OGG, preferably by a native/fluent Hawaiian? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 168.68.1.127 (talk) 15:21, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

 * The Hawaiian language is beautifully phonetic: just sound it out. :)  The apostrophe is a glottal stop.  Elmo iscariot (talk) 12:51, 20 August 2010 (UTC)

Edit by 81.190.120.63/81.190.91.136 Re: Anurexia
Please make a case for the phrase "sickly overweight" in place of "obese" as an improvement to the article. Bruddah Iz was obese, and the article on obesity is very thorough. Also, I have undone your flagrant vandalism to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Proffe Randydeluxe 20:18, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

Biographies
I created a new section called Biographies because the one recently inserted into the "early years" section reads like an advertisement. I had a shot at de-advertising the entry but decided to simply move it to an alternate section.

New Picture?
Could someone get a better, non-copywritten picture of Iz for the article? Especially one of him playing the ukelele!

Try this:

http://photos.lacoccinelle.net/07/73/40773.jpg

That seems to be from the Star Bulletin:

http://images.google.ch/imgres?imgurl=http://starbulletin.com/97/06/26/news/izb.gif&imgrefurl=http://starbulletin.com/97/06/26/news/story1.html&h=505&w=360&sz=116&tbnid=ZZoxhyOholfU6M:&tbnh=130&tbnw=93&prev=/images%3Fq%3Disrael%2Bkamakawiwo%2527ole%26um%3D1&start=1&sa=X&oi=images&ct=image&cd=1

so i guess it is copy-written Domandologo (talk) 20:08, 23 December 2007 (UTC)

Love of cheesburgers?
"He was described as always cheerful and positive, and was best known for his love of the land, the people of Hawaiʻi and cheese burgers."

Is this correct? I suspect the cheeseburger comment was vandalism, but I wanted to ask here. — BrianSmithson 16:05, 12 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Never mind. Recent vandalism. Removed. — BrianSmithson 16:07, 12 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Not that it is important to the article, but Israel (pronouced w/ only 2 syllables) was quite well known for his love of cheeseburgers. Part of his weight problem came from a lot of people at his concerts bringing him (and his brother Skippy) burgers which he ate between songs.Kingsley911 22:15, 7 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Is this really true? I have heard elsewhere he had an endocrine problem. Are both true? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 218.223.193.144 (talk) 08:41, 23 March 2008 (UTC)

Israel was a Type 2 Diabetic. This is an endocrine disease caused by obesity. Idashuman (talk) 01:33, 26 June 2012 (UTC)Beth NH

larger size Hawaiians
native hawaiians larger size, as 6 5 and 300 lbs, was normal and in addition, their kings and queens considered holy and gods': and esp the queen was considered to bestow blessings upon the people, the larger she became - see James Michener's "Hawaii" - historical novel of Hawaii and its people both natives and missionaries... - lil turtil wid wurld on ma bak ~ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.186.56.245 (talk) 07:24, 6 March 2012 (UTC)

Version of "somewhere..." in movies
I've seen sources (such as http://www.faqs.org/qa/qa-4033.html) which states that the version used in Finding Forrester isn't the one by Israel, or at least not performed by him. If so, this should be more clear in the article.

 * There is more than one version of "Somewhere Over the Rainbow" on the Finding Forrester soundtrack. Israel sings Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World and Bill Frisell plays an instrumental version. --Uruz7 06:43, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

Can anybody explain why the song was not used on the 50 First Dates Soundtrack record? It was used in the film in a great way but not on the record...odd.
 * Try the reference desk Corsulian (talk) 03:14, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

 * The article states: "In 1991, Iz's medley "Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World" was featured during the closing scene and end credits of Finding Forrester." Yet when I click on the link for "Finding Forrester," the article for that film states that it was released in 2000.  IMDB confirms this.  --Pokeysan 17:10, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Just confirmed that it is in the soundtrack. I'll change the date in the article.  NJGW (talk) 17:16, 17 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I decided to remove the sentence 'cause it's not part of his career (happened after he died) and covered elsewhere more thoroughly. NJGW (talk) 17:25, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

Just so you all know, this song also appears in the credits of the movie Meet Joe Black featuring Anthony Hopkins and Brad Pitt. Mention it somewhere in the article? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Cybersteel8 (talk • contribs) 16:02, 15 April 2009 (UTC)

The first time I remember hearing "Somewhere over the Rainbow" was in the movie "50 First Dates". Here's the entire list of Israel's songs in TV and Films from IMDB:

http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0436377/

76.175.3.63 (talk) 02:40, 27 November 2010 (UTC)

now defunct television network?
"Additionally, it featured prominently in the 2000 summer series "Young Americans" on the now-defunct WB television network..."

last I checked, the WB TV network is still going strong. Am I misreading this?

WB is merging with UPN 129.199.224.169 23:35, 13 July 2006 (UTC)ahassan05

Strange lead
It seems a tad strange to start an article with the place someone lived and then their age of death, without saying anywhere that he was a singer and musician... --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 05:28, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

music career / early years
Would it make sense to discuss Iz's entire music career within the section "music career" rather than only mentioning the Makaha Sons as an "early years" event. It would be neat (imo) to have biography entries such as moving to Makaha, and the importance of Niihau to his music in the "early years". And then in the "music career" discuss both his career with Makaha Sons as well as his solo career? Popoi 20:11, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

Any published sources that explain the resurgence?
I noted that "Rainbow/World" wasn't released as a single until 2006 or later (announced in '06) and made the charts in 2007. Are there any published sources that discuss the fact that years after his death, suddenly (it seems sudden to me) there's this increase in recognition outside Hawai'i? Lawikitejana 22:57, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, but if you can be a little bit more specific, I can provide the information you require. Are you just trying to expand the article or are you requesting a source? —Viriditas | Talk 03:45, 18 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I was saying that the article should be expanded to explain that, if possible. Lawikitejana 10:29, 18 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Ok, I will attempt to find this information tomorrow if you don't get to it before I do. —Viriditas | Talk 10:39, 18 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Sorry about the delay. Carroll's IZ: Voice of the People discusses this in "The Legacy of israel Kamakawiwoole", pp.163-167. I'll see what I can add. —Viriditas | Talk 08:42, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

CNN's theme song for September 11 Attacks
I recall CNN repeatedly played Iz's "Somewhere over the Rainbow" as their theme-song for the September 11 tragedy. Anyone go reference to this? Why did CNN chose to play this song along with footage of the planes striking the towers and collapses? This was the first time I'd heard the song and loved it. But the usage I thought was inappropriate. Its also eerily inappropriate because Israel is Iz's name and half the world now believes that Israel were behind the false-flag attacks of 9/11.
 * Your comment confuses me... False flag attacks?71.92.68.51 (talk) 00:49, 1 January 2008 (UTC)
 * He means that some conspiracy theorists believe that Israel is responsible for the 9/11 attacks but made it look like Muslim extremists did it in order to get the U.S. on their side.--67.142.168.139 (talk) 17:29, 22 November 2009 (UTC)

Name: Israel?
Anyone know why he was named Israel?

Added earlier years
I added Iz's involvment with his brothers' band, which he co-founded, before his solo career.

This timespan is significant because it was his success with the Makaha Sons that helped him get noticed and subsequently launch his successful solo career. It was also during this time that he first performed the famous "Hawaii'78" that became an anthem for Hawaiian independence.

I'm sure others will see issues with the technical aspects of how it was inserted and I welcome format editing to my contribution, but the material remains factual and can be referenced to the group's web site makahasons.com as needed.

Raygellenbeck (talk) 19:37, 11 January 2008 (UTC)Ray Gellenbeck

Style of music
The article doesn't seem to state just what style of music he played. Pop music? Hawaiian folk music? Nurg (talk) 10:52, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

Not a contraction
''It is interesting to note here that part of his name, anoʻi, when simplified to noʻi may be a contraction of the Hawaiian word, nohi. Nohi means "bright-colored, vivid, as the rainbow"''

It is my understanding that what appears to be an apostrophe in Hawaiian is nothing of the sort. It is a glottal stop and is considered a consonant. Thus I believe the statement above is wrong and should be removed. See Hawaiian language NjtoTX (talk) 02:28, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

eat 500 donuts?
I am suspecting the phrase "He would later go on to eat 500 donuts" is vandalism... can someone find a reference for this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.230.16.13 (talk) 00:27, 26 October 2008 (UTC)

Cover Versions
Jason Castro on Season 7 of American Idol covered his version of Somewhere Over The Rainbow and got raving reviews by the judges. He also performed Israel's version of the aforementioned song on the American Idol tour. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.142.83.111 (talk) 11:20, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

genetic disorder
Re: "It has been suggested that a genetic disorder was responsible for his obese condition"

I didn't find this suggested in ref. #4. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.36.152.142 (talk) 01:49, 8 November 2009 (UTC)

Popularity outside US
The German article seems to suggest that the spikes in popularity outside the US, particularly in Germany, were mostly related to the delayed releases. Apparently the song became popular in Germany after Universal acquired the rights and published it there, not simply because it was used in an advert (which one?) as this article currently suggests.

Could someone check the release history and rights ownership to shed some light on that? I'm German and although his version of Over the rainbow seems somewhat familiar, I don't think I've ever heard it outside movie soundtracks until it recently began to be aired on MTV etc (which made me assume it was a new album, when in fact it's the original album the song was originally on). -- 78.35.98.218 (talk) 01:27, 20 November 2010 (UTC)

Death?
The article mentions that he is no longer with us, but it doesn't say when died. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.184.103.35 (talk) 16:20, 31 August 2011 (UTC)

Dates of Death vs. marriage & birth of daughter
From the article: "In that same year, Kamakawiwoʻole married his childhood sweetheart Marlene. Soon after, they had a daughter whom they named Ceslieanne "Wehi" (born c. 1983)."

Yet, according to the article, he died in 1979. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2603:9001:7400:8B00:3580:4DF4:D89C:1691 (talk) 05:47, 20 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Where does it say that? Skimming through the article, I saw his DOD as 1997. Also, please sign your posts with four tildes (~) . Thanks! xRENEGADEx (talk) 19:37, 20 May 2020 (UTC)

Significance of Israel Kamakawiwoʻole
I am not an expert and this is a vague comment. I have a general sense that the significance of Israel Kamakawiwoʻole as a musical and historical figure is not properly communicated by this article. I hope those better qualified than I will step forward to build the article into one worthy of Israel Kamakawiwoʻole.

Nickname transcription
Can anybody add his nickname (IZ) transcription to the preface of the article? It will help non-english speaking people. I mean is it just IZ or may be Aizee etc? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Artempalkin (talk • contribs) 16:36, 16 January 2012 (UTC)

Services Dates
Iz laid in state on July 9 not on the 10. The article cited is dated July 10 and refers to the services at the Capitol as "yesterday." His formal (and presumably more private) services were July 10.

Family
Both his parents, brother and sister were deceased before he was, as mentioned in one of his songs, and helps bring perspective possibly to some of his music. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.160.9.195 (talk) 20:58, 22 August 2013 (UTC)

Best-selling Hawaiian musician "of all time"?
While I can intuitively believe the statement, considering his album "Facing Future" was the first certified platinum album in Hawaii. However, the statement is still not attributed. Cite or remove. Schlice (talk) 03:19, 20 September 2013 (UTC)

 * Platinum Awards weren't introduced until the 1970s, so I'm not sure that "first to be certified Platinum" is the same as "first to sell a million copies" (something Arthur Lyman also did).[] Richard K. Carson (talk) 17:40, 1 August 2018 (UTC)

The "Somewhere Over the Rainbow" Recording
Currently this article sources the origin of Israel's most notable recording with one sentence: "The decision to record a cover of Somewhere Over the Rainbow was said to be a last-minute decision by his producer Jon de Mello and him.[6]"

Based on this article on NPR: http://www.npr.org/2010/12/06/131812500/israel-kamakawiwo-ole-the-voice-of-hawaii and this article from Ukulele Magazine http://www.ukulelemag.com/stories/the-wizardry-of-israel-kamakawiwoole the song was recorded in 1988. This previously existing five year-old recording was included on the 1993 album by producer John de Mello after it was brought to his attention by the recording engineer on the 1993 album (Milan Bertosa) who happened to have also been the sole engineer of the never-released 1988 late-night recording made by Israel. A most fortunate coincidence leading to this beloved recording being released.

Suggestions:

 * The previous sentence should be revised to reflect the cover of Somewhere Over the Rainbow was recorded five years earlier. It does not appear that the producer of the later album the song was released on was involved in the recording of the earlier track or the decision to originally cover the song five years before. Perhaps the proper edit would be "The decision to [record a] include the cover of Somewhere Over the Rainbow was said to be a last-minute decision by his producer Jon de Mello and him."

 * It would also be informative to relate the unusual and interesting circumstances of the one-take, late-night recording of Israel's most notable song, sourcing either or both of the articles linked above (NPR / Ukulele Magazine). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.185.104.14 (talk) 22:09, 9 April 2016 (UTC)

The ʻOkina
Oops, sorry about messing up the template, but my motives were pure.

I certainly agree about consistency with the name of the article. May I remind that the ʻOkina article says "often replaced by an apostrophe in modern publications, recognized by Samoan scholars and community", so it's not as if I'm some crank trying to enforce a heretical position. I don't have a preference one way or the other about which approximation of the ʻokina is used; let's just not pretend that the left single quotation mark is actually an ʻokina.

I was trying to make the WP markup consistent and even expressed my uncertainty, so please lighten up. Carlstak (talk) 18:17, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * The ʻokina has been used in this article for over 14 years starting, so it was a bit of a shock to see several edits trying to remove it. You are correct to strive for consistency, but unknowingly made a choice inconsistent with the history & name of the article. I get what you were alluding to in the Okina article, but since the display of the okina is not an issue anymore & we have the Okina template, it is easy to maintain the okina in articles to maintain traditional spellings.

 * I lived in Hawaii for nearly 1½ decades & have been a member of WikiProject Hawaii for a number of years, so I am familiar with issues around pronouncing & spelling Hawaiian words. Forgive me if I am a bit overprotective.

 * Peaceray (talk) 19:05, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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Daughter as a criminal
I came to this article and Googled her daughter name. Found https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDSR1Gm1dy4 Unsure if this is topic to be included in Wikipedia. Tõnu Samuel (talk) 01:40, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

Hawaiian vs. American at Willie K
There is a discussion open at Talk:Willie_K about how William Awihilima Kahaiali'i is identified in the first sentence of his article. It currently says "American". Should it say "Hawaiian", or even "Native Hawaiian"? JimKaatFan (talk) 05:17, 22 May 2020 (UTC)

Discography
Why In The Discography There Is No Singles And Only Albums? DSOFOreverTYU (talk) 18:06, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

What Year
The Song "Somewhere..." Was Released On 1990 or 1993? DSOFOreverTYU (talk) 18:08, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

Media
There is a banner on the top of the talk page that addresses the need for a photo of the Bust in Wai'anae. That is now a part of the article, how do we remove the banner or is the photo not considered acceptable? Additionally it seems as if this article is lack luster in terms of media content which could be improved.Koalafied1 (talk) 00:44, 25 September 2020 (UTC)Koalafied1

awards
check out awards,  etc and nom for hollywood walk of fame etc

69.121.189.159 (talk) 07:37, 24 August 2021 (UTC)izzie fan willie bob

Politics
This article tip-toes around his militant nationalism (nativism?)/racism. I suspect that his political impact was/is significant. I'm not qualified to edit this Pollyanna-ish biography to add more of his political history. Surely, someone has written more than the little here.40.142.183.146 (talk) 17:49, 24 June 2023 (UTC)

 * Since you know so much, point us to sources for his "racism". --jpgordon𝄢𝄆𝄐𝄇 20:42, 24 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Israel Kamakawiwoʻole


text:
Talk:Representative Party of Ontario

Untitled
Let's be clear about something: Wikipedia is not a platform to promote a poltical party. It aims to be an objective encyclopedia. Its articles must maintain a Neutral Point of View (NPOV). I have edited this article to conform to Wikipedia policies and will continue to do so if anyone tries to turn this into a promotional vehicle for the party. By the way, if you're setting up a political party in Ontario, one of the first things you should learn is that there are 103 ridings, not 308. This will be increased to 106 for 2007. Thanks you. Kevintoronto 13:17, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Why is this still an article. In 2006, the party seemed like it could become something, but now it is an article about a party name that was reserved on the list and never actually used. Not good enough to merit an encyclopedia article. Ground Zero | t 21:28, 10 May 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Representative Party of Ontario


text:
Dephosphorylation

In biochemistry, dephosphorylation is the removal of a phosphate (PO43−) group from an organic compound by hydrolysis. It is a reversible post-translational modification. Dephosphorylation and its counterpart, phosphorylation, activate and deactivate enzymes by detaching or attaching phosphoric esters and anhydrides. A notable occurrence of dephosphorylation is the conversion of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Dephosphorylation employs a type of hydrolytic enzyme, or hydrolase, which cleaves ester bonds. The prominent hydrolase subclass used in dephosphorylation is phosphatase, which removes phosphate groups by hydrolysing phosphoric acid monoesters into a phosphate ion and a molecule with a free hydroxyl (-OH) group.

The reversible phosphorylation-dephosphorylation reaction occurs in every physiological process, making proper function of protein phosphatases necessary for organism viability. Because protein dephosphorylation is a key process involved in cell signalling, protein phosphatases are implicated in conditions such as cardiac disease, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease.

History
The discovery of dephosphorylation came from a series of experiments examining the enzyme phosphorylase isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle. In 1955, Edwin Krebs and Edmond Fischer used radiolabeled ATP to determine that phosphate is added to the serine residue of phosphorylase to convert it from its b to a form via phosphorylation. Subsequently, Krebs and Fischer showed that this phosphorylation is part of a kinase cascade. Finally, after purifying the phosphorylated form of the enzyme, phosphorylase a, from rabbit liver, ion exchange chromatography was used to identify phosphoprotein phosphatase I and II.

Since the discovery of these dephosphorylating proteins, the reversible nature of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation has been associated with a broad range of functional proteins, primarily enzymatic, but also including nonenzymatic proteins. Edwin Krebs and Edmond Fischer won the 1992 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of reversible protein phosphorylation.

Function
Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of hydroxyl groups belonging to neutral but polar amino acids such as serine, threonine, and tyrosine within specific target proteins is a fundamental part of the regulation of every physiologic process. Phosphorylation involves the covalent modification of the hydroxyl with a phosphate group through the nucleophilic attack of the alpha phosphate in ATP by the oxygen in the hydroxyl. Dephosphorylation involves removal of the phosphate group through a hydration reaction by addition of a molecule of water and release of the original phosphate group, regenerating the hydroxyl. Both processes are reversible and either mechanism can be used to activate or deactivate a protein. Phosphorylation of a protein produces many biochemical effects, such as changing its conformation to alter its binding to a specific ligand to increase or reduce its activity. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation can be used on all types of substrates, such as structural proteins, enzymes, membrane channels, signaling molecules, and other kinases and phosphatases. The sum of these processes is referred to as phosphoregulation. The deregulation of phosphorylation can lead to disease.

Post-translational modification
During the synthesis of proteins, polypeptide chains, which are created by ribosomes translating mRNA, must be processed before assuming a mature conformation. The dephosphorylation of proteins is a mechanism for modifying behavior of a protein, often by activating or inactivating an enzyme. Components of the protein synthesis apparatus also undergo phosphorylation and dephosphorylation and thus regulate the rates of protein synthesis.

As part of posttranslational modifications, phosphate groups may be removed from serine, threonine, or tyrosine. As such, pathways of intracellular signal transduction depend on sequential phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of a wide variety of proteins.

ATP

 * ATP4− + H2O ⟶ ADP3− + HPO42− + H+

Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, acts as a free energy "currency" in all living organisms. In a spontaneous dephosphorylation reaction 30.5 kJ/mol is released, which is harnessed to drive cellular reactions. Overall, nonspontaneous reactions coupled to the dephosphorylation of ATP are spontaneous, due to the negative free energy change of the coupled reaction. This is important in driving oxidative phosphorylation. ATP is dephosphorylated to ADP and inorganic phosphate.

On the cellular level, the dephosphorylation of ATPases determines the flow of ions into and out of the cell. Proton pump inhibitors are a class of drug that acts directly on ATPases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Other reactions
Other molecules besides ATP undergo dephosphorylation as part of other biological systems. Different compounds produce different free energy changes as a result of dephosphorylation.

Psilocybin also relies on dephosphorylation to be metabolized into psilocin and further eliminated. No information on psilocybin's effect on the change in free energy is currently available.

Photosystem II
The first protein complex of the photosynthesis component light-dependent reactions is referred to as photosystem II. The complex utilizes an enzyme to capture photons of light, providing the greater photosynthesis process with all of the electrons needed to produce ATP. Photosystem II is particularly temperature sensitive, and desphosphorylation has been implicated as a driver of plasticity in responding to varied temperature. Accelerated protein dephosphorylation in photosynthetic thylakoid membranes occurs at elevated temperatures, directly impacting the desphosphorylation of key proteins within the photosystem II complex.

Pathology
Excessive dephosphorylation of the membrane ATPases and proton pumps in the gastrointestinal tract leads to higher secretory rates of caustic peptic acids. These result in heartburn and esophagitis. In combination with Helicobacter pylori infection, peptic ulcer disease is caused by the elevated pH dephosphorylation elicits.

The microtubule-associated protein tau is abnormally hyperphosphorylated when isolated from the brain of patients who suffer from Alzheimer's disease. This is due to the dysfunction of dephosphorylation mechanisms at specific amino acids on the tau protein. Tau dephosphorylation is catalysed by protein phosphatase-2A and phosphatase-2B. Deficiency or modification of one or both proteins may be involved in abnormal phosphorylation of tau in Alzheimer's disease

Dephosphorylation has also been linked to cardiac disease, particularly the alteration of actin-myosin interactions that are key for providing the underlying force of a heartbeat. Dephosphorylation is a key part of the myosin cycling kinetics that directly control the actin-myosin interactions. When the dephosphorylation process is interrupted, calcium dependent cardiac contraction is impaired or fully disabled.

Research has also suggested that modifications to dephosphorylation impact physiological processes implicated in Diabetes mellitus. The kinetics of dephosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1/2, Akt, and ERK1/2, phosphoproteins are shown to be involved in insulin receptor signaling, and in vitro models demonstrate that changes to dephosphorylation kinetics impact upstream and downstream insulin stimulation.

Treatment
Inhibition of proton pumps significantly decreases the acidity of the gastrointestinal tract, reducing the symptoms of acid-related diseases. The resulting change in pH decreases survival of the bacteria H.pylori, a major cause of peptic ulcer disease. Once the proton pump inhibitor eradicates this bacteria within the gut, reversing erosive reflux. Treating heart disease has improved with the use of drugs that inhibit AMPK via dephosphorylation. In the treatment of diabetes, sulfonylurea drugs are able to stimulate dephosphorylation of the glucose transporter GLUT4, decreasing insulin resistance and increasing and glucose utilization.

Research applications
Dephosphorylation can play a key role in molecular biology, particularly cloning using restriction enzymes. The cut ends of a vector may re-ligate during a ligation step due to phosphorylation. By using a desphosphorylating phosphatase, re-ligation can be avoided. Alkaline phosphatases, which remove the phosphate group present at the 5′ terminus of a DNA molecule, are often sourced naturally, most commonly from calf intestine, and are abbreviated as CIP.

Underlying evolutionary forces
The natural selection power for dephosphorylation is less understood. A recent study has found that IRF9, which is from the interferon-regulatory factors family (IRFs), a critical family for anti-viral immune response, could be influenced by natural selection during Human species evolution. The positive selection has been found on the amino acid site Val129 (NP_006075.3:p.Ser129Val) of human IRF9. The ancestral state (Ser129) is conserved among mammals, while the novel state (Val129) was fixed before the "out-of-Africa" event ~ 500,000 years ago. This young amino acid (Val129) may serve as a dephosphorylation site of IRF9. The dephosphorylation may affect the immune activity of IRF9.

title: Dephosphorylation


text:
St. James Street railway station

St. James Street is a railway station on the Chingford branch of the Lea Valley lines, located in Walthamstow in the London Borough of Waltham Forest, east London. It is 5 mi down the line from London Liverpool Street and is situated between Clapton and Walthamstow Central. It has been operated by London Overground since 2015.

The station is in Travelcard Zone 3.

History
Located in Walthamstow, St. James Street station opens onto the street of the same name. This section of the A1006 route is the local high street. Shoppers have an easy route from the southernmost end of the market to the railway station, which provides a fast and regular route to the top of the market at Walthamstow Central or into central London at Liverpool Street.

After the transfer of the "West Anglian" portion of the former West Anglia Great Northern franchise to National Express East Anglia, the station was redeveloped. A dual staircase was constructed, allowing passengers to access the platform without passing through the main body of the station itself, and permitting the ticket office to be locked overnight. These have been closed off since the transfer to London Overground in 2015 to enforce a new ticket barrier inside the station which is staffed during all opening hours.

Services
Trains are operated by London Overground.

The typical off-peak weekday service pattern is:
 * 4 trains per hour (tph) to London Liverpool Street;
 * 4 tph to Chingford.

Connections
London Buses routes 158, 212, 230, 275, W11 and 675 serve the station.

title: St. James Street railway station


text:
Kedarnath Agarwal

Kedarnath Agarwal (also spelled as Agrawal and Aggarwal; 1911–2000) was a Hindi language poet and writer.

Published work
Agarwal's published books are:
 * Yug Ki Ganga
 * Neend Ke Badal
 * Lok Aur Alok
 * Phool nahin Rang Bolte Hain
 * Aag Ka Aayeena
 * Bambay ka Raktasnan
 * Gulmehndi
 * Pankh aur Patwar
 * Mar Pyar ki Thapein
 * He Meri Tum
 * Kahein Kedar Khari Khari
 * Apoorva
 * Vah Chidiya Jo
 * Jamun Jal Tumzsa
 * Bole Bol Abol
 * Jo Shilayein Todte Hain
 * Aatma Gandh
 * Anhari Haryali
 * Khuli Aankhein Khuli Daine
 * Kedarnath Agarwal Research Book Kedarnath Agarwal Ki Kavita Me Lok Jeevan Ke Rang By Dr.Sunil Kumar Dubey
 * Kedarnath Agarwal Research Book Kedarnath Agarwal Ka Vaishishty By Dr.Saket Kumar Pathak

title: Kedarnath Agarwal


text:
Stipend

A stipend is a regular fixed sum of money paid for services or to defray expenses, such as for scholarship, internship, or apprenticeship. It is often distinct from an income or a salary because it does not necessarily represent payment for work performed; instead it represents a payment that enables somebody to be exempt partly or wholly from waged or salaried employment in order to undertake a role that is normally unpaid or voluntary, or which cannot be measured in terms of a task (e.g. members of the clergy). A paid judge in an English or Welsh magistrates' court was formerly termed a "stipendiary magistrate", as distinct from the unpaid "lay magistrates". In 2000, these were respectively renamed "district judge" and "magistrate".

Stipends are usually lower than would be expected as a permanent salary for similar work. This is because the stipend is complemented by other benefits such as accreditation, instruction, food, and/or accommodation.

Some graduate schools make stipend payments to help students have the time and funds to earn their academic degree (i.e. master's and doctoral degrees). Universities usually refer to money paid to graduate students as a stipend, rather than wages, to reflect complementary benefits.

Background

Stipends can be used to compensate interns at non-profit organizations, however they are discouraged to be used for volunteers as this may require that they be reported as employees and therefore tax paid on the stipend. This type of stipend is temporary and normally lasts for less than a year.

Church stipends
In the Catholic Church, a Mass Stipend is a payment made by members of the church, which is generally nominal, to a priest for saying a Mass that is not part of his normal course of work. It is considered simony to demand payment for a sacrament, and thus, stipends are seen as gifts.

In the Church of England, a stipend refers to the salary of a stipendiary minister, one who receives payment directly from the diocese (as opposed to other forms of disbursement such as free use of a house in return for clerical duties, known as house-for-duty). A self-supporting minister (previously termed a non-stipendiary minister) is therefore one who is licensed to perform clerical duties but without receiving any kind of payment from the diocese, but non-stipendiary ministers often receive reimbursement of expenses incurred in pursuit of their duties such as travel, postage, and telephone costs. Non-stipendiary ministers normally depend on secular employment or pensions for their income and are often unavailable for pastoral duties when they are fulfilling their obligations to their employer.

Criticism
Stipends can erode employee–employer relationship when used to hire junior teaching/research staff with lower pay and worse working conditions.

In Australia, stipends may act as a means to circumvent a church or volunteer organization's adherence and obligations under Australian Work Health and Safety (WHS) law which does not apply to volunteer associations, only to businesses which employ paid staff.

title: Stipend


text: Category:Acorn Computers

title: Category:Acorn Computers


text:
Talk:South American fur seal

Why is it called a fur seal if it has no fur?

title: Talk:South American fur seal


text:
Shimanto River

The Shimanto River (四万十川) is a river in western Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. 196 km in length, it has a watershed of 2,270 km2.

Since the river is remote from major cities and does not have any dams, it is sometimes referred to as "the last clear stream of Japan". Fishing and production of nori is a thriving industry along the river. It has been named one of the "Three Free-Flowing Rivers in Japan", along with the Nagara River in Gifu Prefecture and the Kakita River in Shizuoka Prefecture.

The river also has 47 sinking bridges (沈下橋), including those of tributaries. Chinkabashi are low-water crossings constructed without parapets in order not to be washed away by floods. The prefecture decided to preserve them as a cultural heritage.

title: Shimanto River


text: Category:Buildings and structures in Belgium


text:
Captain Alatriste

Captain Alatriste (El capitán Alatriste, fully titled Las aventuras del capitán Alatriste) is a series of novels by Spanish author Arturo Pérez-Reverte. It deals with the adventures of the title character, a Spanish soldier and man of fortune living in the 17th century.

Series

 * 1) El capitán Alatriste (Captain Alatriste, 1996): In 1623, Diego Alatriste and Italian sword-for-hire Gualterio Malatesta are paid by two mysterious masked characters to kill a pair of unknown English visitors in Madrid as news reaches the city that the Spanish siege of Bergen op Zoom has been repelled.
 * 2) Limpieza de sangre (Purity of Blood, 1997): Madrid, 1623. A woman is found murdered in front of a church. Later, Quevedo seeks help from Alatriste to rescue a girl forced to enter a convent; meanwhile Alatriste's young squire Íñigo Balboa deepens his infatuation with the adolescent maidservant of the Queen, Angélica de Alquézar. Title refers to the "purity of blood" demanded of Conversos.
 * 3) El sol de Breda (The Sun over Breda, 1998): Spanish Netherlands, 1624–1625. Alatriste and Íñigo join the Spanish Army and fight in the war against Dutch rebels, in particular the siege of Breda.
 * 4) El oro del Rey (The King's Gold, 2000): Seville, 1626. After their participation in the Flanders War, Alatriste and Íñigo return to Spain, where they become involved in an affair involving a Spanish treasure fleet ship full of contraband gold newly arrived from the Indies.
 * 5) El caballero del jubón amarillo (The Cavalier in the Yellow Doublet, 2003): Back in Madrid, Alatriste initiates a relationship with the famous actress María de Castro. However, he will encounter a rival for her affections amidst new intrigues at Court.
 * 6) Corsarios de Levante (Pirates of the Levant, 2006): Alatriste and Íñigo go through different adventures along the Mediterranean coast, fighting Barbary pirates from Southern Spain to Turkey.
 * 7) El puente de los asesinos (The Bridge of the Assassins, 2011) Alatriste and Íñigo get mission to take part in an attempt of coup d'état in Venice to depose the Doge of Venice.

As of December 2006, the book sleeve of Corsarios de Levante suggested that the novels El puente de los asesinos, La venganza de Alquézar and Misión en París were planned. , only El puente de los asesinos has been published.

Adaptations
A movie based on the series, titled Alatriste, was released on September 1, 2006, directed by Agustín Díaz Yanes and starring Viggo Mortensen.

Pérez-Reverte was inspired to begin the series due to a lack of treatment in his teenage daughter Carlota's school textbook of the historical Spanish Golden Age. He commissioned Carlota to gather documentation for him (hence, she is billed as co-author of the first novel) and developed the stories. Pérez-Reverte is influenced by the works of many novelists, in particular 19th-century writers like Alexandre Dumas and his D'Artagnan Romances. He also applies the dark tone of his experiences as a war reporter.

The period settings allow him to insert references to authors (such as Lope de Vega and Miguel de Cervantes) and artists (including Diego Velázquez) who were widely read and appreciated at the time, one of the most important periods in Spanish history. He reflects on Spain and the Spaniards as a united people who, in spite of being at war with all the major European powers, are capable of showing bravery and honour.

In 2014, Telecinco produced the TV series Alatriste, directed by Enrique Urbizu and starring Aitor Luna.

List of main characters

 * Captain Diego Alatriste y Tenorio (1582–1643?), Leonese soldier since he was 13. Never an official captain, he earned the nickname when he had to briefly take command of his unit after their real captain was killed. He survives in peacetime as a sword for hire in Madrid. His death in the Battle of Rocroi against the French is mentioned in a flashforward of the narration in The King's Gold. His name comes from Sealtiel Alatriste, Pérez-Reverte's Mexican publisher and friend, and from the legendary Don Juan Tenorio, who is indeed Diego's grand-uncle, as stated in purity of blood.
 * Íñigo Balboa y Aguirre (1610–?), the young Basque squire of Alatriste. He is the son of Lope Balboa, who was an old friend and comrade of Alatriste. Íñigo is the first person narrator of each of the books.
 * Angélica de Alquézar (c.1611–c.1640), Aragonese lady in the queen's court, niece of Luis de Alquézar, inspired by Dumas' Milady de Winter. As a running joke or irony she constantly mispronounces the name Alatriste, calling the captain "Batriste", "el triste" (sad man), or other variations. Orphaned at an early age, she was adopted and educated by her uncle, Luis de Alquézar. After her presentation in the court, she became a companion-in-waiting to the queen. She has a stormy and passionate love-hate relationship with Íñigo Balboa, whom she meets in 1623. As vicious as she is beautiful, she is even shown trying to attack Alatriste in the second book (while she is only 12) with her bare hands; even the war veteran Alatriste is unnerved by this, but manages to evade her. Her relationship with Íñigo reaches its height towards 1630–1634, and he mentions in a flashforward that he eventually kills her when she makes an attempt on his life. A widely acclaimed beauty, she is portrayed by Diego Velázquez in 1635.
 * Luis de Alquézar (c.1570–?), royal secretary of Aragonese origin. Studies law in Zaragoza, and begins his career as clerk of the royal audience in the Aragonese capital. Rising quickly in the administration, he joins the Council of Aragon in 1610. With the support of the Count-Duke of Olivares, he reaches the coveted post of royal secretary in 1623. That same year he meet Diego Alatriste, during the adventure of two Englishmen, in which the royal secretary is aligned with the extremist faction of the Inquisitor, Fray Emilio Bocanegra, against the more moderate Olivares. Since that time, he is a bitter enemy of Alatriste, whom he has tried to dispose of on several occasions through the swordsman Gualterio Malatesta.
 * Francisco de Quevedo (1580–1645), famous, talented and ironic poet of the period, and friend of Alatriste.
 * Gualterio Malatesta, an Italian sword fighter from Palermo. He becomes a nemesis to Diego Alatriste in the first book and remains so through the fourth book. He begins his career as mercenary swordsman in his hometown, which at the time is part of the Spanish Empire. He moves to Madrid, where after acting as a freelance assassin, he joins the service of Luis de Alquézar. Following an argument with Diego Alatriste during an assault on the two Englishmen, he becomes the sworn enemy of Alatriste. He is involved in the second, fourth, and fifth books. In 'El caballero del jubón amarillo', he is taken into custody for attempting to kill King Philip IV of Spain. In the seventh book 'El puente de los asesinos' he gets freedom in exchange for taking part in a secret mission in Venice along with Diego Alatriste, which leads to improving of their relationship, though duel occurred in final ends with a draw as they are forced to leave the place together.
 * Emilio Bocanegra, Dominican friar and president of the Holy Tribunal of the Inquisition. Opposed to the policy of the Count-Duke of Olivares, especially regarding his relationship with the bankers of Portuguese Jewish extraction, he tries by every means to hinder their projects, tightening the stringency of inquisitorial persecution against heretics and Jews. Mortal enemy of Diego Alatriste, because the latter disobeys his instructions to assassinate the two Englishmen he hatches several plots against Alatriste.
 * Álvaro Luis Gonzaga de la Marca y Álvarez of Sidonia (aka Alvaro de la Marca), second Count of Guadalmedina, Grandee of Spain. Warrior and poet, he participates in campaigns against the Berber pirates; in 1613–1615, about to die in the disaster of Querquenes (1614), he is saved by Diego Alatriste, with whom he subsequently maintains a close friendship, albeit conscious of the difference in their social standing. In court, he shines as a refined aristocrat, and is celebrated as a poet. He is a great admirer of Francisco de Quevedo, but more akin to Góngora, whose patron he becomes after the loss of their great protector, count Villamediana, murdered in 1622.
 * Martín Saldaña, former soldier and comrade of Alatriste, now lieutenant of alguaciles ("Police" of the period) in Madrid.
 * Lope Balboa (c.1575–1621), former Alatriste's comrade and father of Íñigo Balboa.
 * María de Castro, a famous actress from Madrid.
 * Caridad la Lebrijana, Alatriste's mistress and the owner of The Tavern of the Turk, Alatriste's main residence in Madrid. Born in Lebrija (in the province of Seville), she moved to the capital around 1608, where she worked as an actress for a half-dozen years. She became a prostitute (in a brothel on the Calle de las Huertas), after which (c. 1620) she bought with her savings The Tavern of the Turk, on the corner of Calle de Toledo and Calle de Arcabuz, about 350 m from the Plaza Mayor. The tavern was an eatery that also rented rooms, in one of which stayed Alatriste and Inigo Balboa during their sojourns in Madrid.
 * Ambrosio Spínola (1569–1630), Genoese military under Spanish command and governor of Milan.
 * Gurriato (?–1634): A Moor tribesman of Oran, he joined Alatriste and others in 'Corsarios de Levante' after being baptized 'Gurriato'. His original name was Aixa Ben Gurriat from the Beni Barrani tribe.
 * Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares (1587–1645), was King Philip IV's chief minister and the most powerful man in Spain next to the king himself. By 1643, with disasters befalling Spain, the Count-Duke of Olivares was dismissed.
 * King Philip IV of Spain (1605–1665) was intelligent, but lacked interest in the affairs of state, which were handled (until 1643) by the Count-Duke of Olivares. During his reign, Spain continued to decline politically and economically.
 * Félix Lope de Vega y Carpio (1562–1635), famous Spanish writer.
 * Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez (1599–1660), famous Spanish painter (not yet very established at the time of the first novels). Thanks to the presence of Velázquez at his court, Philip IV was probably one of the most frequently portrayed monarchs in history.

title: Captain Alatriste


text:
User talk:Red Deathy

 Follow this link to leave me a new message. Remember to sign your posts by adding four tildes at the end.

Socialist Studies group
FYI: Articles_for_deletion/Socialist_Party_of_Great_Britain_%28Reconstituted%29 —Psychonaut 16:01, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

Calculation link
hello since you are interested in the calculation debate and identify yourself as a Marxist I wonder if you are aware of the contributions to the debate from a Marxist perspective by Pat Devine and his cohorts? http://www3.sympatico.ca/bernard.leask/renewal.html BernardL 13:06, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

Tribunite
Howdy. Thanks for your interest in Tribunite. I've no problem whatsoever in just redirecting it to Tribune (magazine), however if we do that, IMHO it would be vital to add a few sentences to that article clarifying "what exactly is a Tribunite?" as opposed to "what is Tribune magazine?". Thanks. -- 201.50.123.251 13:18, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Catholoic apologias
I saw you made a sensible comment at Talk:Capitalism about this whole JBogdan effort to stick in this awful apologia for Catholic doctrine, that worst-of-all is written in the same register as a sermon or Catholic encyclical, rather than as a secular encyclopedia. I could use some help restoring the sensible, concise version, minus all the preaching, misrepresentation, and link-farm stuff to Vatican pages. Help? Please? LotLE × talk 13:22, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Nudge on silly Ultramarine chart
I can't get rid of it again without 3RR (she made a false report already, by adding in edits to completely unrelated sections). So I was hoping you'd be so kind as to remove the eyesore of the conceptual incoherent and unrelated-to-article chart of "GDP since Christ" from Capitalism. LotLE × talk 01:37, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

 * She added it again!

LTV
Red deathy, Thanks for the contributions to the article and discussion over at LTv. I don't always have the strength to engage themm on every single point. I feel the criticims section could be imporved greatly, but leave it to the usenet crowd to simply post their commentaries. Thanks again.--Cplot 07:49, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

Recent edit
I loved the commentary on your recent edit at STV: "RV - your grammar's rubbisher". You just made my hour. CRGreathouse (talk | contribs) 15:51, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

UM the chartist
I thought unprotection was premature. Her first action on Capitalism, as I would have thought, was inserting the same chart that at least a half dozen other editors have opposed both as not being relevant to the article and as violating WP:NOR (and that no one else supports). I'm pretty sure that as long as it is unprotected, she'll make the same change 3 times (but not 4 times) in every 24 hour period. LotLE × talk 20:18, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Arrow's theorem
I've seen you posting on voting articles (one of the few, it seems) and I thought I'd sollicit your opinion on changes I intend to make to Arrow's theorem. I don't know if you have any familiarity with it, but I hope that if you don't you'll give me an idea of what I need to revise to make it at least a little comprehensible. My work is hiding on my user namespace at User:CRGreathouse/Arrow until I get the bugs ironed out.

If you'd be so kind as to leave some words on that page's talk I'd appreciate it. CRGreathouse (t | c) 19:28, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

Are you...
...the LuBBS (Alumni) Red Deathy?-Localzuk (talk) 16:51, 5 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Thought so. Small world isn't it.. Or should I say small internet. -Localzuk (talk) 16:30, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

Capitalism portal created
Hello...I created the Capitalism portal. I'm just not sure what to put there exactly. I also haven't announced it since I feel like I should know what to put, but I don't. Can you help? Hires an editor 19:24, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

Dealing with disruptive editors
In addition to what I posted on Talk:Socialist Studies (1989), you may wish to check out Disruptive editing, which has a recommended series of steps for dealing with persistently disruptive editors. —Psychonaut 02:53, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

Labour Theory of Value
Thank you for your measured response. I appreciate it. I still have lots of questions, though, but I think it best if I drop the whole issue. I'm not sure I take your point about the usage of talk pages. I'm still fairly new to Wikipedia, and I was under the impression that talk pages were also about raising issues arising from an article; I've certainly used them for this purpose elsewhere, and have generally met with a positive response. I was, must say, surprised at the discourtesy of the other user you mention. Anyway, once again my thanks. White Guard 21:59, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for your comment. Just happy to help out somewhere where people are actually being nice to each other. MartinDK 12:11, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

mutualism
That's not social control. That's individual control. The community is not considered to own the land. The individual takes control of the land by using or occupying it. It's like Lockeian property ethics, except they think that if the individual doesn't use his land continually it reverts to not being owned by anyone. Then it is again open to individualized appropriation. As far as other means of production, such as machines, they support it as true private property. Anarcho-capitalism 17:01, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

YOUR comma
It was clearly your comma. You obviously have no grasp on reality, you b...  :) Donnacha 16:54, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

Mediation
A request for mediation has been filed with the Mediation Committee that lists you as a party. The Mediation Committee requires that all parties listed in a mediation must be notified of the mediation. Please review the request at Requests for mediation/Communism, and indicate whether you agree or refuse to mediate. If you are unfamiliar with mediation, please refer to Mediation. There are only seven days for everyone to agree, so please check as soon as possible.

Request for Mediation
This message delivered: 04:15, 30 November 2006 (UTC).

Paradox of value?
Hey Red Deathy! Are you aware that your userpage lists paradox of value twice under "pages I've edited?" That's okay and all; who knows, maybe you've edited it twice(?)! I'm not gonna be bold on someone else's page, especially a fellow Marxist, so... take it easy! --Dialecticas 14:11, 21 December 2006 (UTC)

Kiel Mutiny
Hi, I've seen that you translated the German wikipedia article on the November Revolution 1918. Yesterday I made some changes on the German wikipedia pages concerning the Matrosenaufstand in Kiel, because it was carrying a number of mistakes. I strictly oriented my corrections at the thesis written by Dirk Dähnhardt from 1978: "Revolution in Kiel", who did a great job going through all military files of that time. I could also try to translate those chapters from the German wikipedia into English, but of course you would be very welcome to do it, if you like. Rgds, Klaus —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Kuhl-k (talk • contribs) 10:03, 18 February 2007 (UTC). Sorry forgot to sign: --Kuhl-k 10:05, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

Check your edit summaries
The 'popups' script seems to be broken. Just thought you might want to know – Qxz 11:32, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

Socialism Introduction Revert
Please see my message on the talk page. I would be obliged if you would not revert things without notice.

--Train guard 16:56, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

Please see my response in the talk page.

--Train guard 10:47, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Socialist Party of Great Britain debates
An article that you have been involved in editing, Socialist Party of Great Britain debates, has been listed by another user for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Socialist Party of Great Britain debates. Thank you. —Psychonaut 16:41, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

Could you help me with this?
Hello, I was wondering if you could help me understand dialectics. The way it's presented in the dialectics article is kind of hard to penetrate, could you explain? Thank you. --Onias 19:44, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

Category for deletion
Hello -- a category that you created, Category:Economic problems, is currently up for deletion. Just thought that you might want to vote on it. G'day. --Wassermann 06:43, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Are you not going to vote in the CfD? --Wassermann 19:07, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

BNP infobox
And much tidier it looks too. Well done. Any infobox is, of necessity, going to give no real detail about the article, whatever the subject, so better to keep them all as short as possible. Personally, I'm not sure that infoboxes aren't more of a confusin than a help in all sorts of articles. Emeraude 16:26, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

IMNSHO - I should have got that! Emeraude 16:26, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Single Transferable Vote
There is a link I would like to add to the list of proponent group on Single Transferable Vote but I have a conflict of interest. The link is to STV Action http://www.STVAction.org.uk a site for which I am the webmaster. I noticed you had edited the STV article a lot and so after reading WP:COI (conflict of interest policy) I thought I would ask you to add it if you felt it was useful.

Many Thanks,

John Cross 21:48, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

NOR
There has been a big debate over this policy. I think you have valuable experience that makes you an important interlocutor on this matter. I suggest you first go here for a very concise account, and then depending on how much time you have read over the WP:NOR policy and the edit conflicts that led to its being protected, or the last talk to be archived ... or just go straight to the talk page. If you have time Slrubenstein  |  Talk 16:28, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

BNP article
Look man, there is no need for this to get nasty. We both are capable of making arguments for our case and the problem is that our debates are very hypothetical and open to interpretation. I am willing to make a concession of having Fascism but with the template next to it.--Sviatoslav86 16:36, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

Please ref: to your RV edit of BNP page on 13:55 13 Nov 2007, please define what a "source" is in this case. If you read my insertion, I have not cited anything external to wikipedia to make it unverified, so my source itself is wikipedia, if you know how to read it. Please understand this, I'm not seeing this for the first time on Bath,Somerset page and it is important for the whole wiki community to understand in this 'symmetric behavioural pattern'. Smet 14:13, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

BNP again
You beat me to reverting the removal of the Fascist Project box on the talk page. I notice it is also missing from the article as well. Interestingly, BNP was removed from List of fascist movements by country U-Z back in May on the gounds that consensus in the discussion page was that "there has been much discussion on the talk page, and the consensus is that the BNP is not fascist". I've reverted that. Emeraude 11:49, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

London meetup
FYI: Wikipedia talk:Meetup/London —Psychonaut (talk) 10:16, 6 January 2008 (UTC)

London Meetup - January 12, 2008
Hi! There's going to be a London Wikipedia Meetup coming Saturday January 12, 2008. If you are interested in coming along take part in the discussion over at Meetup/London7. The discussion is going on until tomorrow evening and the official location and time will be published at the same page late Thursday or early Friday. Hope to see you Saturday, Poeloq (talk) 03:24, 10 January 2008 (UTC)

In relation to vandalism and Communism.
At the time I made the revert, Jimmy Da Tuna(?!?)'s changes were primarily unsourced. I agree with Jimmy Da Tuna(?!?) actually, but his changes were in part unsourced, in part sourced in such a way to violate Wikipedia policies and some changes were unexplained. At that stage I considered the changes vandalism, though later edits obviously shows his changes have some merit, despite being rather clumsy. Dylansmrjones (talk) 08:27, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Well...
One should assume Good Faith in situations where assuming good faith is reasonable. But then we are talking about systematical whitewashing from Socialists of the Socialists' crimes against humanity and equally systematical attacks on national and semi-national groups by the international socialists, one can no longer assume good faith but must rely on WP:SPADE - You and VoluntarySlave ought to cease editing political articles except from simple typo's since none of you are capable of being strictly neutral. Your own definition of Fascism is radically different than the scholarly definitions. Your definition is a hardcore marxist definition, and as such invalid here. The same would go for a liberalist definition of Fascism. What we must do is to stick 110% to hardcore scholarly definitions, and unfortunately for Wikipedia you don't. I'm sorry I'm appearing harsh, but I'm fed up with Communist and Nazi History Revisionism and your mutual hatred. Wikipedia is not the place for those battles. Dylansmrjones (talk) 16:47, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

BNP
Those sources are not third party sources as you claim. Dave renton is a left-wing actvist, Mike Cronin is an Irish republican and the source by Thurlow is outdated.

Hello, I took the time to try and contribute to the sand box page you set up, it looks like me and you are the only two active users at the moment. I combined the claims of repression of free speech section into the opposition section and cut down the dead wood from the structure section. I made a couple of changes to two of the titles, (1) association with violence to association with criminality, the text covers criminal convictions which are violent and otherwise while the title did not and (2) opposition to homosexuality is in the policey section and is a bit unfair to use the title in a policy section then source individual member who have made homophobic remarks, but im open to correction on this. I also added some caution tags to statements that are not sourced. U6j65 (talk) 22:24, 13 June 2011 (UTC)

Economic calculation problem
Thankyou for telling me. Continue the talk @talkpage? Economic calculation problem Larklight (talk) 15:17, 7 April 2008 (UTC)

Invitation to Wikipedia meetup in London

Date: 13:00 onwards, Sunday 10 August 2008

Venue: Penderel's Oak pub, Holborn WC1 map

More information: Meetup/London 12

Hello,

I noticed that you have listed yourself as a Wikipedian in London, so I thought you might like to come to one of our monthly social meetups. The next one is going to be on Sunday 10 August, which might well be rather short notice, but if you can't come this time, we try to have one every second Sunday of the month.

If you haven't been before, these meetups are mainly casual social events for Wikipedia enthusiasts in which we chat about Wikipedia and any other topics we fancy. It's a great way to meet some very keen Wikipedians, but we'd also love for you to come along if you're interested in finding out more about Wikipedia, other Wikimedia projects, or other collaborative wiki projects too.

The location is a pub that is quite quiet and family friendly on a Sunday lunchtime, so hopefully younger Wikipedians will also feel welcome and safe. Alcohol consumption is certainly not required!

Although the meetups are popular, many UK-based editors still don't know about them. It would be great to welcome some fresh faces, so I hope you can come along.

Yours,

James F. (talk) 09:27, 3 August 2008 (UTC)

Please forgive the slightly impersonal mass-invite!

Hi Bill
Interesting to see you popup on the Talk:Communism page. I knew you through the spgb. Don't think we ever met face to face but certainly remember you from the forum. You 'may' remember me as Kevin Giles or kdgiles or even 'St.Kevin the Nutter' during a debate on religion some years ago. kimdino (talk) 12:22, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

Alphabetization and collation
I am inviting you to comment, in your capacity as a librarian, at Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style. -- Wavelength (talk) 05:52, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

Capitalism
An editor is questioning the lack of sources in the lead for Capitalism. If you would like to discuss this please reply on the talk page. The Four Deuces (talk) 03:57, 21 October 2009 (UTC)

WP:SOCIALISM
Being that i saw your "great" work on the Socialist Party of Great Britain, and you proclaiming yourself to be a marxist. I'm wondering if you'd want to join the newly created WikiProject Socialism... --TIAYN (talk) 20:34, 19 November 2009 (UTC)

Kenneth Garside
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London Wikimedia Fundraiser
Good evening! This is a friendly message from Chase me ladies, I'm the Cavalry, inviting you to the London Wikimedia Fundraising party on 19th December 2010, in approximately one week. This party is being held at an artistic London venue with room for approximately 300 people, and is being funded by Ed Saperia, a non-Wikipedian who has a reputation for holding exclusive events all over London. This year, he wants to help Wikipedia, and is subsidising a charity event for us. We're keen to get as many Wikimedians coming as possible, and we already have approximately 200 guests, including members of the press, and some mystery guests! More details can be found at http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/London - expect an Eigenharp, a mulled wine hot tub, a free hog roast, a haybale amphitheatre and more. If you're interested in coming - and we'd love to have you - please go to the ten.wikipedia page and follow the link to the Facebook event. Signing up on Facebook will add you to the party guestlist. Entry fee is a heavily subsidised £5 and entry is restricted to over 18s. It promises to be a 10th birthday party to remember! If you have any questions, please email me at chasemewiki at gmail.com.

Hope we'll see you there, (and apologies for the talk page spam) - Chase me ladies, I'm the Cavalry (talk) 23:47, 12 December 2010 (UTC)

The Contribution Team cordially invites you to Imperial College London All Hail The Muffin Nor does it taste nice... 09:41, 7 February 2011 (UTC)

The Promise
I just read through the whole recent edit history of The Promise, and also comments at Harry's Place. I just wanted to say what a good job you did of defending Wikipedia at HP, altho some people are obviously un-convinceable, and also of judicious editing of the article itself. Thank you.BobFromBrockley (talk) 15:21, 6 May 2011 (UTC)

CounterPunch
As you are a generally sensible editor with no dog in this race, I'd be grateful if you looked at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:CounterPunch#Moving_on BobFromBrockley (talk) 11:02, 13 June 2011 (UTC)

Non-free files in your user space
Hey there Red Deathy, thank you for your contributions. I am a bot, alerting you that non-free files are not allowed in user or talk space. I removed some files I found on User:Red Deathy/Sand3. In the future, please refrain from adding fair-use files to your user-space drafts or your talk page.

 * See a log of files removed today here.

 * Shut off the bot here.

 * Report errors here.

Thank you, -- DASHBot (talk) 05:02, 14 June 2011 (UTC)

BNP sandbox
Hi, a number of changes have been made to the sandbox version here, User:Red Deathy/Sand3, its mostly been neatened out and edited to reduce the size of the article. Can you let me know what you think in your own time. Thanks U6j65 (talk) 14:29, 28 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Hi, im willing to work with you on the BNP article if you want to, I cant do it on my own. It will need a sold contribution and seeing it through if its going to work though. U6j65 (talk) 17:39, 18 July 2011 (UTC)

Proposed move and renaming
According to the American National Biography article we have misnamed this, as he is Bert, not Albert Levy. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 12:53, 16 April 2014 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Red Deathy


text:
Nat Holman

Nat Holman (born Nathan Helmanowich; October 19, 1896 – February 12, 1995) was an American professional basketball player and college coach. He is a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame and is the only coach to lead his team to NCAA and National Invitation Tournament (NIT) championships in the same season.

Early life
Holman was born Nathan Helmanowich on the Lower East Side in New York City, to Russian immigrant parents, and was Jewish. He attended P.S. 62, and was then a star in basketball, soccer, and football at the High School of Commerce, graduated from the Savage School for Physical Education, and earned a master's degree from New York University. Known for his exceptional ball-handling and his accurate shooting, Holman was a star player for the NYU Violets men's basketball team.

Professional career
Holman was also an important player for the Original Celtics, which were no relation to the Boston Celtics. Also a gifted passer and excellent floor leader, Holman was a prototype of later playmakers.

Coaching career
Although he played pro basketball until 1930, he took over the head coaching position at the City College of New York in 1920. Known as "Mr. Basketball," Holman guided CCNY to the so-called grand slam of college basketball, winning both the NCAA and NIT titles in 1950, a feat that has never been achieved before or since (and is no longer possible as the tournaments now take place concurrently).

In 1951, Holman's CCNY team became involved in a national point-shaving scandal that involved seven different schools. While several CCNY players, including Ed Warner and Ed Roman were arrested, the investigation cleared Holman of any wrongdoing.

The scandal eventually led CCNY to de-emphasize athletics (CCNY eventually dropped down to the NCAA Division III in the 1963–64 season) and suspend Holman after the 1951–52 season. He returned for brief stints in 1954–56 and 1958–59, retiring for good in 1959. Holman compiled an overall record of 421–190 in 37 seasons at CCNY.

While untainted by any scandal, Holman was described by author Matthew Goodman as "arrogant and aloof...who somehow developed a British accent" despite his impoverished Lower East Side roots.

Holman also founded Camp Scatico in 1921 and ran the camp until he sold it to his niece and her husband in 1964.

Holman wrote two books on basketball technique entitled Scientific Basketball (1922) and Winning Basketball (1932), and his CCNY Beaver teams were lauded as "basketball's version of bebop, like a five-man jazz combo, with each player improvising off a few basic patterns, together creating something fast and complex and unpredictable.' "

In his later years, he lived and died at the Hebrew Home for the Aged in the Riverdale section of the Bronx.

He was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame, the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame, the New York Basketball Hall of Fame, and the CCNY Hall of Fame. In 1977, he had also been honored when CCNY re-named a 3500-seat campus arena for him as the Nat Holman Gymnasium.

title: Nat Holman


text:
Angel Road railway station

Angel Road was a railway station in Edmonton in the London Borough of Enfield, north London, on the Lea Valley line that forms part of the West Anglia Main Line, 7 mi down the line from London Liverpool Street. It was between Northumberland Park and Ponders End in Travelcard zone 4 and had the three-letter station code AGR. It is located beneath the A406 flyover of Meridian Way, and was accessed via a footpath from Conduit Lane, on an adjacent flyover to the north. The station's immediate surroundings include non-manufacturing industrial businesses and a former gas works.

In 2016–17 it was the least-used station in London, with an estimated 33,500 passenger entries/exits. Angel Road closed permanently to the general public on 31 May 2019 and was replaced by Meridian Water station, which opened on 3 June 2019 and is located 580 m south of Angel Road.

History
The station was opened on 15 September 1840 by the Northern and Eastern Railway as "Edmonton", although it was situated 0.75 mi from Edmonton village.

The Northern and Eastern Railway was leased by the Eastern Counties Railway in 1844, which took over operation of the line. The line was initially laid to a gauge of but that had already been identified as non-standard, and between 5 September and 7 October 1844 the whole network was re-laid to.

The Eastern Counties Railway renamed the station "Water Lane" on 1 March 1849, after it became a junction, following the opening of a branch to Lower Edmonton to the north-west. The station was taken over by the Great Eastern Railway in 1862 and renamed "Angel Road" on 1 January 1864. It had a small goods yard to the west and the Tottenham gas works was located to the south.

Following the grouping of 1923, Angel Road became part of the London and North Eastern Railway. Regular passenger services ceased on the Lower Edmonton line in 1939, although it was still used as a diversionary route.

With nationalisation in 1948 the station came under the control of the Eastern Region of British Railways. Freight services ceased in 1964 on the Lower Edmonton line and that route was lifted the following year.

The Lea Valley line between Copper Mill Junction and Cheshunt was electrified at 25 kV AC in 1969. Prior to the completion of electrification, passenger services between Cheshunt and London through Angel Road were normally operated by Class 125 diesel multiple units, which had been purpose-built for the line in 1958.

When sectorisation was introduced in 1986, the station was served by Network SouthEast until the privatisation of British Rail in 1994. With privatisation, management of the state-owned track and signals passed to Railtrack, which was succeeded by Network Rail in 2004.

In August 2002, signalling control of the relevant section of track was transferred to the Liverpool Street Integrated Electronic Control Centre (IECC).

Management companies
Following privatisation in 1994, management of the station was allocated to a business unit before being taken over by West Anglia Great Northern (WAGN) in January 1997, at the time owned by Prism Rail. National Express acquired the franchise holder in July 2000. The WAGN franchise was replaced in 2003 by the One franchise, later renamed National Express East Anglia. In February 2012, operation of the station changed once again with Abellio Greater Anglia taking over the franchise.

Closure
The London Borough of Enfield announced in January 2014 that a new station, named "Meridian Water", and some 600 m to the south, would be constructed as an integral part of the proposed Meridian Water development. The new station is required to cope with the expected increase in passengers associated with the project.

A public consultation was held, in which 78% of consultants opined that the footbridge should be moved to Pilning railway station to replace one removed in 2016.

The new station was expected to open in May 2019. In August 2018, the Department for Transport began a consultation on the proposal to close Angel Road. On 24 January 2019, the DfT announced that Angel Road would officially close on 19 May, with Meridian Water opening on the same day. The closure of the station was ratified by the Office of Rail and Road on 11 April, although the closure date was subsequently rescheduled for 31 May.

title: Angel Road railway station


text:
Minoru Kitani

Minoru Kitani (木谷 実) was one of the most celebrated professional Go players and teachers of the game of Go in the twentieth century in Japan.

Biography
He earned the nickname "the Prodigy" after winning a knockout tournament. He defeated eight opponents from the Kiseisha in a row during 1928. He played a celebrated match with then retiring Honinbō Shūsai. The Nobel Prize winning author Kawabata Yasunari used this game in his novel "The Master of Go". In 1954 he suffered a cerebral hemorrhage, but soon recovered. His condition came back in 1964, after which he retired from professional play. He was given the Okura Prize in 1967.

Segoe Kensaku, a friend and rival of Kitani, nicknamed him "the Great Kitani" due to his extraneous efforts relating to Go.

Relationship with Go Seigen
Kitani was a young prodigy who quickly attracted attention after the founding, in 1924, of the Nihon Ki-in. He became a great rival and friend of Go Seigen after the latter was brought to Japan from China.

Go and Kitani were the vanguard of the Shinfuseki or "New Opening" theory, a period roughly 1933-6 which saw great innovations in Go opening theory.

In 1939, Go Seigen and Kitani played in the Kamakura jubango, the most celebrated jubango of the century. It ended in Go Seigen's decisive victory. Kitani's career never quite recovered; he was also hampered by bad health, in the form of a heart condition. He was later noted for a style of spectacular idiosyncrasy, with great emphasis on secure territory.

Go and Kitani later lived only few minutes apart by walk, and Go Seigen's daughters studied Go in Kitani Dojo's amateur branch for children. Kitani had his stroke when he was chatting with Go. Kitani died six months after.

Izumi Kobayashi, Kitani's granddaughter and a top female Go player, married Cho U, the student of Go's student Rin Kaiho.

Kitani dojo
Kitani was subsequently noted as the most prolific teacher ever of future professional players. The Kitani dojo, which began to flourish after 1945 in the Kitani house in the countryside, was in practical terms run by his wife, produced a whole generation of top players who would dominate Japanese go from the early 1970s to mid-1990s. His own daughter Reiko (1939–1996) reached 6 dan and won the All-Japan Women's Championship several times, and married one of his best students, Koichi Kobayashi. Their child, Izumi Kobayashi, Kitani's granddaughter, is now one of Japan's current leading female players. At the time of his death, he had taught over 60 students, 40 of whom went on to become professionals. The total dan rank of all his students add up to over 250.

title: Minoru Kitani


text:
T. A. Denny

Thomas Anthony "T. A." Denny (2 April 1818 – 25 December 1909) was an Irish bacon merchant, a self-described "pork philanthropist". Although not a member of the Salvation Army, he supported it financially. His philanthropic activities also included support for education. In April 1868, he married Mary Jane Noel (1829-1887), daughter of Baptist Wriothesley Noel. In 1893, he married the evangelist Elizabeth Hope, who was 24 years his junior. His son was the first-class cricketer and British Army officer Ernest Denny.

Salvation Army
Denny was one of a small group of wealthy benefactors who sustained the Salvation Army in its early years. He attended meetings called in 1877 by Samuel Morley, another benefactor, to discuss differences with William Booth, after which he continued to provide financial support despite continuing to disagree with Booth about doctrine and methods. His support included, in 1881, paying the first year's rent on the organisation's headquarters at 101 Queen Victoria Street in London and supporting the establishment of the Army in France. In 1882 he contributed to the repayment of debts incurred for the building of barracks.

Educational philanthropy
In 1890 Denny provided most of the funding for the buildings occupied by Woolwich Polytechnic and served as chairman of its board from 1891 to 1894.

title: T. A. Denny