text:
WKBD-TV

WKBD-TV (channel 50), branded as Detroit 50, is an independent television station in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It is owned by the CBS News and Stations group alongside WWJ-TV (channel 62), a CBS owned-and-operated station. The two stations share studios on Eleven Mile Road in the Detroit suburb of Southfield, where WKBD-TV's transmitter is also located.

WKBD began broadcasting on January 10, 1965. It was the first UHF station built by Kaiser Broadcasting as part of what eventually became a chain of seven stations in major U.S. markets. Channel 50 started as an all-sports station with telecasts of the Detroit Red Wings and Detroit Pistons as features, but it soon grew into an active independent station producing an array of local programs alongside sports and syndicated reruns. Between 1966 and 1977, Lou Gordon hosted a nationally syndicated program based in Detroit and syndicated to the other Kaiser stations; Gordon's 1967 interview with George W. Romney, in which he decried "brainwashing" on a trip to Vietnam, made national news and was credited with dashing his presidential aspirations and ending his political career. In addition, Gordon raised the station's profile among Detroit-area viewers. Among its local programming efforts, WKBD produced a local newscast from 1968 to 1970. Kaiser sold its entire broadcasting operation to Field Communications in 1977.

As part of the dissolution of Field Communications, Cox Enterprises acquired WKBD in 1984. The Red Wings moved their games that year to WXON (channel 20), while channel 50 kept the Pistons. Under Cox, WKBD started a 10 p.m. local newscast in 1985, affiliated with Fox in 1986, and moved into its present studio building in 1988. During this time, WKBD was one of the nation's strongest independents and grew further as the Fox network matured in the early 1990s. In 1993, Cox sold WKBD to Paramount Stations Group; when Fox moved its affiliation to WJBK-TV, previously the CBS affiliate, Paramount withheld channel 50 from picking up CBS so that it could join its own network, UPN, at launch in January 1995. The effect of the switch was to put WJBK in competition for the 10 p.m. news audience with WKBD, a fight channel 50 lost.

Paramount's parent company, Viacom, merged with CBS in 2000, bringing WKBD-TV and CBS-owned WWJ-TV under one roof. WKBD's news operation was briefly extended to serve the previously newsless WWJ-TV, but this failed to attract viewers, and it was shut down in 2002. After having the Red Wings, Pistons, and Detroit Tigers rights at the same time, all three professional teams abandoned WKBD between 2003 and 2005. When UPN and The WB merged to form The CW in 2006, WKBD-TV and twelve other CBS-owned UPN stations were among its first affiliates. CBS sold its stake in The CW in 2022 and withdrew its eight remaining affiliates from the network the next year. The station airs local newscasts as part of CBS News Detroit, the news operation and streaming service for WWJ-TV established in 2023.

Channel 50 prior to WKBD-TV
Channel 50 was first assigned to Detroit in April 1952, when the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) lifted a three-and-a-half-year freeze on new TV station grants and opened up the ultra high frequency (UHF) band for TV use. Within weeks, Goodwill Stations, owner of WJR radio in Detroit, announced the intent of applying for four station licenses which would operate as a regional network—UHF channel 50 in Detroit, VHF channel 11 in Toledo, Ohio, VHF channel 12 in Flint and VHF channel 5 in Bay City. Goodwill hoped to affiliate the Detroit channel 50 station with CBS. The Flint application was the only one to make it to the air as WJRT-TV in 1958.

Woodward Broadcasting, which applied later, withdrew its bid when it purchased the channel 62 construction permit belonging to the United Auto Workers. That cleared the way for the other applicant, Booth Radio and Television Stations (owner of WJLB and WBRI radio), to be granted the permit. By this time, however, it was becoming clear that UHF telecasting was experiencing economic issues stemming from inequalities with VHF stations. Booth returned the permit at the end of 1954 and also surrendered a permit for another UHF station in Saginaw. Woodward then filed for and received permission to move its proposed station, WBID-TV, to channel 50. It sought to remedy the VHF-UHF issue by asking the FCC to make a channel exchange between Detroit and Toledo, where it owned a construction permit for WTOH-TV on channel 79, so that Detroit would be all-VHF (with WBID-TV on channel 11 instead of 50) and Toledo all-UHF. WBID-TV remained on the books despite a lack of action on the petition. In November 1956, it and 82 other UHF stations not in operation received letters from the FCC asking for additional information in support of their request for more time to build. The permit survived, but in February 1960, the FCC circulated another round of such letters to WBID-TV and 53 other unbuilt stations. That November, the WBID-TV permit and 25 others in similar situations were deleted by the commission.

Signing on with sports
On August 31, 1962, Kaiser Industries, the conglomerate owned by California industrialist Henry J. Kaiser, applied to the FCC for three new UHF TV stations: channel 38 in Chicago; channel 41 in Burlington, New Jersey (to serve Philadelphia); and channel 50 in Detroit. This was the second application by Kaiser Broadcasting for TV stations on the U.S. mainland: it already owned stations in Hawaii and had requested UHF channels in the Los Angeles and San Francisco areas. Richard C. Block, the president of Kaiser Broadcasting, told Broadcasting magazine that the company had "an abiding faith that there is right now a need for additional TV service ... and UHF obviously provided the opportunity". The applications called for a general-appeal program lineup, local and live talent, and local news. The FCC granted the construction permit for the Detroit station on January 3, 1963; it was the third permit granted, after the two California stations.

With the permit granted, Kaiser sent John Serrao, manager of its KHVH-TV in Honolulu, to Detroit to ascertain plans for WKBD ("Kaiser Broadcasting, Detroit"). Serrao had previously been an advertising sales representative for WWJ-TV (channel 4) in the 1950s. The station's programming plan was unveiled in September: a six-hour-a-day lineup consisting almost entirely of local and other sports. The idea originated from Honolulu, where KHVH-TV aired a nine-hour-long sports cavalcade, Kaiser Sports Central, on weekends. The proposed programming was a decided break with convention. In Variety, the proposed WKBD lineup was called "one of the first—if not the first aside from ethnic—attempts at truly specialized programming". Channel 50 would launch with games of the Detroit Red Wings pro hockey team and Detroit Pistons pro basketball plus sporting events from the University of Michigan, Michigan State University, and University of Detroit. In October, officials in Southfield approved construction of the station's facilities, including a 1000 ft candelabra tower designed to eventually support other TV stations. The forthcoming station led to forecasts of a surge in interest in converting VHF-only sets to tune the UHF band and a shortage of television servicemen to install a projected 200,000 UHF converters. The station would also have three remote units for telecasting events beyond its studios.

WKBD first signed on the air on January 10, 1965. WKBD began broadcasting at 5 p.m. on that date, with its first programs being two college basketball games (taped the day before): Michigan State University vs. the University of Iowa and the University of Detroit against the University of Dayton, followed by a live NHL game between the Detroit Red Wings and the Chicago Blackhawks. Sports was, Serrao admitted, a strategy to cement WKBD in Detroit homes before broadening the station's mix of programming. He also believed that sports would be an important way for independent stations to establish themselves in their markets. Despite that, channel 50 remained sports-heavy in its first fall television season, with heavy doses of college and professional sports as well as some reruns including The Joey Bishop Show and My Friend Flicka, and a daily syndicated show hosted by former WXYZ-TV personality Soupy Sales.

Local shows and Lou Gordon
On February 6, 1966, WKBD began a talk show featuring journalist Lou Gordon. The Lou Gordon Show formed part of a surge in local programming at channel 50. By July 1966, WKBD was live and local for 30 hours a week, with such programs as The Shirley Eder Show, featuring entertainment interviews; The Paul Winters Show, a call-in program; a country and western music hour; and Sports Dial, a sports interview program hosted by Joe Falls and George Puscas of the Detroit Free Press. An afternoon children's show, Captain Detroit, debuted in the fall of 1965 and hosted by Dick Zappe; the program was also hosted by comedian Johnny Ginger and Tom Ryan under the "Sgt. Sacto" persona. Bill Kennedy joined WKBD in 1969 from CKLW-TV in Windsor, Ontario, to host a daily afternoon movie. He helmed another popular feature, Sunday Afternoon Movies, which often outdrew the network affiliates in the ratings. In addition, Kennedy conducted interviews syndicated to the other Kaiser stations. By 1969, WKBD-TV was the first UHF station to overtake a VHF outlet in the ratings; it had surpassed CKLW-TV, originally owned by RKO General which as a Canadian station was hindered by its commitments to Canadian content and ultimately a forced sale to Canadian interests.

Gordon went national in 1967, under the title Lou Gordon's Hot Seat, and began to be distributed to the other Kaiser stations. The first program featured a 35-minute interview with George W. Romney, the governor of Michigan, in which he mentioned being "brainwashed" by military officials on a trip to Vietnam and stated that he did not want to be a vice presidential candidate in 1968. Romney's claim of brainwashing—which made the front page of The New York Times in addition to national media coverage—was later attributed to presidential historian Theodore H. White with ending his hopes of running for president and his political career. In 1973, Romney, then the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, appeared on Gordon's show again, only to walk off the set when Gordon replayed his comments of six years earlier.

Gordon's program regularly generated scoops. A 1971 front-page story in the Free Press was generated based on an advance interview conducted by Gordon which revealed an attempt by Pentagon press officials to encourage the introduction of favorable resolutions at the Disabled American Veterans convention in Detroit. In 1974, his interview with Henry Ford II led to Ford announcing Lee Iacocca as the next president of the Ford Motor Company; a federal judge pronounced himself in favor of the impeachment of Richard Nixon; and another appearance led to an investigation of fraud in television repair. These stories made their way into local and national newspapers. His talk show had higher ratings in Detroit than the national programs of Mike Douglas or Johnny Carson, or local travel host George Pierrot. In 1975, when he signed a new deal with Kaiser, it was airing on six of the company's stations plus three others. The program continued until Gordon died in his sleep on May 25, 1977. WKBD attempted to replace Gordon with a show hosted by Barry Farber in his former timeslot, running from November 1977 to June 1978.

Network aspirations, local news and financial issues
WKBD briefly gained a network affiliation in May 1967, when it became the Detroit affiliate of the short-lived United Network; the network only ever distributed one program, The Las Vegas Show. At the same time, Kaiser had similar aspirations. After helping a third party secure a construction permit for WKBF-TV in Cleveland, Ohio, of which it acquired operational control, Kaiser announced plans in September 1967 to launch a network of their own by 1970, programmed by the individual stations' most successful local efforts. By 1968, Kaiser had invested over $36 million (equivalent to $ in ) into UHF broadcasting groupwide.

Under Kaiser Broadcasting ownership, in 1968, WKBD began producing a nightly newscast at 10 pm; this was part of a large investment by Kaiser into forming news departments for most of their stations. Kaiser's commitment to news programming groupwide wavered, sometimes in the span of months. In April, half the news department at WKBD was fired, and the news director was dismissed; the group then began expanding programming again, encouraged by ratings success in Cleveland and Detroit. Ultimately, the entire news operation was closed after only two years, due to a weak economy and reluctance to embrace UHF stations; WKBD's news operation was the only one of Kaiser's news departments to turn a profit, though ratings were still much lower than expected. The 10 p.m. news had 50,000 viewers per an American Research Bureau survey, capturing just 10 percent of the audience at that hour. Seventeen employees lost their jobs in Detroit.

By 1970, WKBD had become the dominant UHF station in the group and the only profitable one. Losses accelerated throughout the company in 1968 after the sign-on of WKBF and KBHK-TV in San Francisco, and the Los Angeles station KBSC-TV only operated with a barebones schedule, but both KBHK and KBSC continued to broadcast with hopes of a television network still in mind. WKBG-TV in Boston itself lost a total of $11 million from the time it had signed on in 1966 until November 1970. The rest of the stations were not expected to turn a profit until 1973, and all operated off of bank accounts funded by revenue from Kaiser Industries. WKBD was not immune to issues: much of the station's initial news-gathering equipment, purchased in 1964, was in black-and-white, and Kaiser had to upgrade facilities after underestimating the original transmitter's 30 kW output. Sixteen additional WKBD employees were downsized earlier in 1970, including "Sgt. Sacto" Tom Ryan, resulting in Captain Detroit's cancellation. Kaiser Industries' status as an industrial conglomerate was seen as a reason for the company's ability to absorb such onerous financial losses in UHF broadcasting.

A minority 22.5 percent stake in Kaiser Broadcasting's holdings (excluding KBSC and Kaiser's radio stations) was sold to Field Communications on May 26, 1972, concurrent with Kaiser purchasing a majority 77.5 percent stake in Field's Chicago station, WFLD-TV.

The Ghoul
One of Kaiser's final syndicated efforts was Creature Features with The Ghoul, which originated from Kaiser's Cleveland station, WKBF, starting in 1971. Portrayed by Ron Sweed, The Ghoul was conceived as a spiritual successor to Ghoulardi, a Cleveland horror host character created by Ernie Anderson whom Sweed idolized. Focusing The Ghoul's act towards lowbrow humor, explosions, kitschiness and slapstick, Sweed's program found a cult following, prompting Kaiser to syndicate the show to WKBD in 1972, then to KBHK and WKBG. While the show had mixed results in San Francisco and Boston (and failed in Chicago, when it replaced Jerry G. Bishop's Svengoolie at WFLD ) it proved very popular in Detroit.

The Ghoul was cancelled in the spring of 1975, a precursor to WKBF's own shutdown later that April. While Sweed sued Kaiser for the intellectual property rights to the Ghoul character, WKBD-TV briefly revived the program in August 1975. Sweed moved the show to WXON (channel 20) in September 1976 after prevailing in court and continued to portray the character on various Cleveland and Detroit stations over the next four decades.

Field takes over
Kaiser sold the group to Field outright in January 1977 for a combined $42.625 million (equivalent to $ in ) as part of a larger disposition of Kaiser Industries's assets. Under Field, the station had news updates with WWJ radio host Byron MacGregor that it aired alongside the syndicated Independent Network News and later a simulcast of the new CNN Headline News service. Counterprogramming became a hallmark of channel 50, in particular when the station programmed a tribute to M*A*S*H, which it held the rerun rights for, on the night of the final first-run episode airing over CBS and WJBK on February 28, 1983. WKBD's airing of the pilot episode at 8 p.m. that evening yielded a 31 rating and 43 share, both all-time records for the station. Bill Kennedy continued to host the daily One O' Clock Movie until retiring in January 1983, with former WXYZ-TV personality Sonny Eliot replacing him as host. The final installment of the Sunday Bill Kennedy at the Movies aired on December 4, 1983.

WKBD also occasionally aired programs that the Detroit network affiliates opted not to clear. When The Merv Griffin Show moved to CBS in 1969, CBS affiliate WJBK-TV declined to air the program, which appeared in Detroit on channel 50. In the mid-1970s, NBC debuted two programs on Saturday nights that its affiliate, WWJ-TV, did not carry; it had already scheduled local films that made more money and did not air Weekend or Saturday Night Live, which NBC offered to channel 50 for air in the market. For part of 1978, it aired The Tomorrow Show after the station—now WDIV—dropped it due to low ratings. When WDIV ceased airing Late Night with David Letterman in early September 1983 to carry the syndicated Thicke of the Night, WKBD agreed to clear both it and Friday Night Videos. (WDIV had previously tape-delayed Late Night to carry Entertainment Tonight, which was easier to sell local advertising. ) Late Night failed to catch on in the ratings on WKBD, which dropped the show in mid-January 1984; WDIV picked it back up by August.

In 1981, the station's coverage of the Red Wings diminished from 25 to 15 games a year, with some telecasts migrating to the pay service ON TV, which aired over WXON in Detroit. ON TV in 1982–83, its final season, aired 15 home games of each of the Red Wings and Pistons. WKBD carried select Michigan Panthers games during the team's two years of existence in 1983 and 1984;  when the USFL pressured the Panthers to nullify the contract prior to coverage of their first game, the station sued the league and quickly settled, allowing WKBD to carry the game.

Cox ownership, news expansion and Fox affiliation (1983–1993)
Following a family dispute over the company's future, Field Communications placed their entire station group up for sale in July 1982. The liquidation process took place on a per-station level, with Field's Chicago, Boston and San Francisco outlets sold to separate owners at the end of 1982. Cox Communications purchased WKBD for $70 million on May 18, 1983, (equivalent to $ in ) contingent on Cox divesting their existing cable systems in the market. For Cox, WKBD represented the chain's seventh television station and one of the most successful: Nielsen ratings in 1982 ranked WKBD as the highest-rated UHF independent in the country. The sale closed in March 1984.

One of the station's first decisions under Cox was to decide it could no longer devote time to carry both of the Red Wings and Pistons. It chose the Pistons, who had higher ratings; beginning in the 1984–85 season, the Red Wings moved their games to WXON. The Red Wings' tenure at WXON lasted only two years; the team returned to WKBD for the 1986–87 season.

During the changeover, Sonny Eliot relinquished hosting duties for the One O' Clock Movie but was retained with a one-year contract extension. As Eliot previously worked in the market as a weatherman, this spurred speculation of a full-fledged newscast possibly replacing the station's simulcast of Headline News in the 10 p.m. hour. At the start of 1985, WKBD announced the debut of a 10 p.m. newscast later in the year, helmed by existing update anchor Glenn Ray and Amyre Makupson. The station's public affair director, lead editorial board writer and host of the mid-morning program Morning Break, Makupson joined WKBD in 1977 from WGPR-TV (channel 62), the first Black-owned television station in the mainland United States. Debuting in August 1985, the newscast also featured weathercaster Randy Bhirdo and former WJBK sportscaster Ray Lane.

WKBD, along with Cox-owned KTVU in Oakland, California, and KDNL-TV in St. Louis, Missouri, became Fox charter affiliates on October 9, 1986, with the debut of The Late Show with Joan Rivers. While Fox's initial affiliate base consisted largely of UHF independents in comparison to traditional "Big Three" affiliates on the VHF dial, network executive Garth Ancier was enthusiastic about WKBD, calling the station "fully competitive" in a market with "incredible" ratings. WKBD program director Paul Prange considered Fox to be "the best shot of literally putting together a fourth network ... it's about time the networks got some competition". In the May 1988 Nielsen ratings, WKBD tied with WGN-TV as the highest-rated independent in the country in early evenings, with Fox's Saturday night lineup competitive against Tigers baseball on WDIV and ABC fare on WXYZ-TV. Still, WKBD opted to drop Fox's late-night offerings in early 1988 after the failure of The Wilton North Report.

The station was buoyed by success in 1988 with Red Wings and Pistons coverage, first-run syndication hits and Fox's weekend lineup stabilizing. Prange credited Fox with giving the station "a certain energy" independent stations could not generate themselves; in particular, The Simpsons emerged as a breakout hit for Fox in 1990, with the show winning the time slot in the Detroit market in consecutive weeks by that March. A recurring call-in talk show with Michigan governor James J. Blanchard launched over WKBD in September 1988 and carried statewide via the station's large cable footprint. Later, Detroit Lions preseason football was broadcast on channel 50 from 1990 to 1994.

Cox continued to invest in WKBD. A larger physical plant was inaugurated on May 24, 1988, adjacent to the original facilities in Southfield, which were originally intended as temporary and likened to a Quonset hut and "a Cracker Jack box"; this building was later repurposed for storage. The new facility allowed for further news expansion with an on-air set incorporating the newsroom, and by April 10, 1989, an extension of The Ten O'Clock News to an hour-long broadcast, even as WKBD's efforts in February 1989—a 5 rating and 7 share—trailed third-place WJBK's 11 p.m. news with a 9 rating and 17 share. The expanded news hour was modeled on KTVU's successful 10 p.m. news program. By July 1991, WKBD claimed to have Detroit's third-highest late evening news, drawing larger numbers than WJBK at 11 pm, a claim WJBK disputed. General manager Duane Kell told the Detroit News, "our goal is to be the No. 1 late news program in the market by 1995."

Sale to Paramount and UPN affiliation (1993–1999)
Cox put both of its Fox affiliates—KTVU and WKBD—on the market in November 1992. This announcement drew industry surprise as Cox's financial position was regarded as strong; in a statement, Cox CEO James C. Kennedy said the company was proud of both stations, had "no overwhelming desire to sell them", and considered them "extremely successful". Rumored as one of several potential suitors, Paramount Stations Group purchased WKBD in June 1993. Terms were not disclosed, but the purchase price was estimated to be between $100 million and $125 million, or as high as $200 million. After the sale closed in October 1993, Paramount announced the formation of a new broadcast network in a joint venture with United Television, but management said WKBD would continue to honor their existing Fox affiliation agreement. When Paramount purchased WKBD, it was among the five highest-rated Fox affiliates in the country.

On May 23, 1994, WJBK-TV owner New World Communications announced a groupwide affiliation deal with Fox, displacing CBS from that station after a span of 45 years. When CBS failed to lure either WDIV or WXYZ-TV as a replacement affiliate, the network approached Paramount about a purchase of WKBD due to the station having an existing news department, but Paramount reportedly turned down an offer of between $120 million and $130 million. Unable to secure a higher-profile station, CBS purchased WGPR-TV from the International Free and Accepted Modern Masons, later renaming it WWJ-TV. Fox programming moved from WKBD to WJBK on December 12, 1994, but Fox Kids remained on channel 50 as WJBK declined to pick it up. WKBD continued to carry Fox Kids in early afternoons until the fall of 1998, when the program block moved to WADL (channel 38).

Under Paramount, WKBD committed to become an affiliate of UPN in late August 1994. UPN only programmed for two nights at launch, enabling the station to continue carrying Pistons and Red Wings games with minimal preemptions, which was not possible in WKBD's last year with Fox. The station also acquired the over-the-air rights to Detroit Tigers baseball from WDIV beginning with the 1995 season via a five-year, $25 million contract. A primetime movie showcase was reinstated on nights UPN did not program, with off-network reruns airing on Thursday nights, including reruns of The Simpsons in the same time slot it had previously held on Fox. This placement of Simpsons reruns came after the station received substantial complaints when Fox moved the show from Thursday to Sunday nights.

WJBK's switch to Fox also resulted in their late-evening newscast moving to 10 pm, directly opposite WKBD. The first week after the switch saw channel 50 fall to fifth place in prime time ratings without Fox programming, and WJBK besting WKBD at 10 pm, a pattern that never changed. WKBD's problems were exacerbated by their sports coverage: in the May 1995 sweeps, the 10 p.m. news start time was delayed 10 times due to overruns in game coverage. The newscasts were revamped to have a more updated on-air look, eschewing their "no-frills" presentation. UPN proved a poor lead-in for WKBD's news: when the network suffered a year-over-year decline of 50 percent in the fall of 1998, WJBK-TV's 10 p.m. newscast outdrew WKBD's news by a 2–1 margin. Attempting to draw on WKBD's local sports coverage, the 10 p.m. news was reduced to 30 minutes, with the second half devoted to an ensemble sportscast hosted by Lane, Tim Swor, Mickey Redmond and Karen Newman. While ratings improved modestly in late 1999, co-anchor Dave Scott was replaced with market veteran Rich Fisher, a choice made owing to Fisher's reputation in the market.

Merger into WWJ-TV (1999–2006)
Paramount's parent company, Viacom, purchased half ownership of UPN from United Television in 1996 and the remainder in 1999. Viacom purchased CBS Corporation on September 7, 1999, creating a duopoly with WWJ-TV. Unlike other Viacom CBS-UPN duopolies created by the merger where the CBS-owned station had a long-established dominant news department, WKBD was regarded as the larger, higher-rated station, and had a local news presence as opposed to WWJ. WKBD general manager Mike Dunlop was retained to head both stations, with operations consolidated at WKBD's Southfield facilities; seven technical employees lost their jobs in the transition.

By April 2001, WKBD's newscast now ranked as the least-watched in the market and continued to see audience declines against WJBK. Despite this, the station began producing an 11 p.m. weeknight newscast for WWJ-TV, using WKBD's air talent and reporters. Discussions of WKBD's news department producing news for WWJ had been underway prior to the CBS-Viacom merger; at least one dress rehearsal of a channel 62 newscast had been conducted. General manager Mike Dunlop was dismissed in August 2001, due to the continued ratings challenges: from sign-on to sign-off, both stations each drew half the audience of third-place WJBK. By February 2002, WKBD's newscast was repositioned to attract a younger audience with newly appointed lead anchors Pallas Hupe and Donna Terrell, while Fisher and Makupson were reassigned to anchor for WWJ exclusively. Fisher left WWJ in late May, prompting Terrell and WKBD reporter Harry Hariston to alternate as Makupson's co-anchor on the WWJ newscast, resulting in Tom Long of The Detroit News to suggest the purportedly different newscasts were the "attack of the clones".

Rumors emerged that Viacom executive Dennis Swanson planned to close the WKBD–WWJ news operation, the last newsroom Viacom inherited from Paramount that was still in operation. When contacted by a Free Press reporter, these rumors were met with lukewarm responses from station executives. Viacom ultimately signed a five-year contract with WXYZ-TV to produce a 10 p.m. newscast for WKBD, cancelling WWJ's 11 p.m. news outright. In November 2002, WKBD's 10 p.m. news posted a 2.8 rating, far behind WJBK's 7.8 rating. Fifty of the combined newsroom's 70 employees were not retained when the newscasts ended on December 4, 2002. Titled UPN Detroit Action News, the replacement WXYZ-TV newscast on WKBD was estimated to save Viacom approximately $10 million annually in expenses, while also providing WXYZ an opportunity to showcase their higher-rated newscasts to UPN's younger demographics. Failing to compete against WJBK, the WXYZ-produced 10 p.m. broadcast was canceled on December 3, 2004, with WKBD filling the timeslot with off-network sitcom reruns.

Through the early 2000s, WKBD's local sports coverage came at the expense of UPN programming, which was frequently preempted and moved to the weekends. All three teams left the station in a span of two years: the Red Wings moved exclusively to Fox Sports Detroit for the 2003–04 season, the Pistons moved to WDWB for the 2004–05 season after that station offered additional airtime for games, and the Tigers moved to Fox Sports Detroit outright for the 2005 season when CBS management failed to reach an agreement with the team. Lions preseason games returned to WKBD in 2004 as part of a deal that saw the team's weekly pregame show move to WWJ; WWJ took over the preseason rights in 2008.

The CW affiliation (2006–2023)
On January 24, 2006, CBS Corporation (created after the split of Viacom in December 2005 ) and the Warner Bros. unit of Time Warner announced that the two companies would shut down UPN and The WB and combine the networks' respective programming to create a new "fifth" network called The CW. The day of the announcement, it was revealed that 11 of CBS Corporation's 15 UPN affiliates, including WKBD-TV, signed 10-year affiliation contracts with The CW. The former WB affiliate, WDWB, signed up with MyNetworkTV under the WMYD call sign.

The station resumed having a local news presence with the debut of First Forecast Mornings, an extension of WWJ's existing morning newscast, on February 7, 2011, co-anchored by Syma Chowdhry. First Forecast Mornings was canceled on December 28, 2012, due to low viewership.

WKBD-TV began broadcasting a digital signal on December 4, 2000. The station shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 50, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital broadcasts. The station's digital signal continued to broadcast on its pre-transition UHF channel 14, using virtual channel 50. In 2019, the station was repacked from channel 14 to channel 34 as a result of the 2016 United States wireless spectrum auction.

On December 4, 2019, Viacom and CBS Corporation re-merged to form ViacomCBS, now Paramount Global. WKBD restored a 10 p.m. newscast on January 22, 2020, produced by KTVT in Fort Worth, Texas, and the CBSN Local streaming service as part of an expansion of news programming on CBS-owned CW and independent stations; these included reports from multimedia journalists based in Detroit. On December 14, 2021, ViacomCBS announced the creation of CBS News Detroit, a full-scale news department for the rebranded "CBS News Local", with newscasts simulcast over WWJ and WKBD. Paul Pytlowany, with WKBD since 1988 and the station's director of local production and community affairs since 2017, was named the founding news director. Prior to CBS News Detroit's launch on January 23, 2023, WKBD's KTVT-produced 10 p.m. newscast was relaunched as Detroit Now News in July 2022, a hybrid national/local newscast also produced from KTVT with content reported by CBS News Detroit staff.

Return to independence (2023–present)
On October 3, 2022, Nexstar Media Group acquired majority ownership of The CW. Under the agreement, CBS was given the right to pull its affiliations from WKBD and its seven other CW stations. On May 5, 2023, CBS announced it would exercise that right, with WKBD becoming an independent station at the end of August. Coinciding with reverting to independent status, WKBD-TV rebranded as "Detroit 50" and Detroit Now News was dropped from the schedule.

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

title: WKBD-TV


text:
Inundative application

Inundative application of a biological control or natural enemy of a pest refers to the release of overwhelming numbers of a mass-produced biological control agent in the expectation of either achieving a rapid reduction of a pest population, or to improve the long-term survival of the biocontrol agent.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Inundative application


text:
The Birth-Mark

"The Birth-Mark" is a short story by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne. The tale examines obsession with human perfection. It was first published in the March 1843 edition of The Pioneer and later appeared in Mosses from an Old Manse, a collection of Hawthorne's short stories published in 1846.

Plot summary
Aylmer is a brilliant and recognized scientist and philosopher who drops his focus from his career and experiments to marry the beautiful Georgiana (who is physically perfect except for a small red birthmark in the shape of a hand on her cheek).

As the story progresses, Aylmer becomes unnaturally obsessed with the birthmark on Georgiana's cheek. One night, he dreams of cutting the birthmark out of his wife's cheek (removing it like scraping the skin from an apple) and then, realizing that the birthmark is deeper, continuing all the way to her heart. He does not remember this dream until Georgiana asks about what his sleep-talking meant. When Aylmer remembers the details of his dream, Georgiana declares that she would rather risk her life having the birthmark removed from her cheek than to continue to endure Aylmer's horror and distress that comes upon him when he sees her.

The following day, Aylmer deliberates and then decides to take Georgiana to the apartments where he keeps a laboratory. He glances at Georgiana with the intent to console her but can't help but shudder violently at seeing her imperfection; Aylmer's reaction causes her to faint. When she awakens, he treats her warmly and comforts her with some of his scientific concoctions but when he attempts to take a portrait of her, the image is blurred save for her birthmark revealing the disgust he has of it.

He experiments some more and describes some of the successes to her but as he questions how she is feeling, Georgiana begins to suspect that Aylmer has been experimenting on her the entire time without her knowledge and consent. One day, she follows him into his laboratory, and on seeing her there, Aylmer accuses her of not trusting him and says that having her birthmark in the room will foil his efforts. She professes complete trust in him but demands that he inform her of his experiments. He agrees and reveals that his current experiment is his last attempt to remove the birthmark, and Georgiana vows to take the potion, regardless of any danger it poses to her.

Soon after, Aylmer brings her the potion, which he demonstrates as effective by rejuvenating a diseased plant with a few drops. Protesting that she doesn't need proof to trust her husband, Georgiana drinks the concoction and promptly falls asleep. Aylmer watches and rejoices as the birthmark fades little by little. Once it is nearly gone, Georgiana wakes up to see her image in a mirror, the birthmark almost completely faded. She smiles but then informs Aylmer that she is dying. Once the birthmark fades completely, Georgiana dies.

Publication history
"The Birth-Mark" was first published in the short-lived Boston magazine The Pioneer in its March 1843 issue. That same month, it was also printed in The Pathfinder in New York and, later, collected as part of Mosses from an Old Manse in 1846.

Analysis
Like many of the tales Hawthorne wrote during his time living in The Old Manse, "The Birth-Mark" discusses the psychological impact in sexual relations. The birthmark does not become an issue to Aylmer until after the marriage, which he suddenly sees as sexual: "now vaguely portrayed, now lost, now stealing forth again, and glimmering to-and-fro with every pulse of emotion". Written shortly after Hawthorne married Sophia Peabody, the story emphasizes the husband's sexual guilt disguised as superficial cosmetology.

Aylmer's pursuit of perfection is both tragic and allegorical. The irony of Aylmer's obsession and pursuit is that he was a man whose "most splendid successes were almost invariably failures." Rather than obsessing over correcting his failures, he quickly forgets them. Similarly, instead of obsessing over Georgiana's splendid beauty, he quickly forgets it. That a man of so many failures would be trying to perfect someone else is both ironic and allegorical. This type of story has biblical symmetry to Jesus's "Sermon on the Mount." In Matthew 7:3, Christ is quoted as saying, "Why do you see the speck that is in your brother's eye, but do not notice the log that is in your own eye?" Aylmer's unyielding pursuit to remove the one "flaw" from Georgiana shows his own blindness of conscience. Georgiana's death is foreshadowed in Aylmer's dream of cutting out the mark, in which he discovers the birthmark is connected to her heart. He elects to cut out her heart as well in his attempt to remove the birthmark.

Other critics, like Stephen Youra, suggest that, to Aylmer, the birthmark represents the flaws within the human race—which includes "original sin", which "woman has cast men into"—and because of this, elects it as the symbol of his wife's "liability to sin, sorrow, decay, and death". Others suggest viewing the tale "as a story of failure rather than as the success story it really is — the demonstration of how to murder your wife and get away with it".

Hawthorne may have been criticizing the epoch of reform in which he was living, and specifically calling attempts at reform ineffective and the reformers dangerous. The story is often compared to Edgar Allan Poe's "The Oval Portrait".

Character analysis
Aylmer is a scientist and husband to Georgiana. Robert B. Heilman suggests that Aylmer has taken science as his religion and that Aylmer’s views on "the best that the Earth could offer" is "inadequate". Heilman further says that "the mistake Aylmer makes" is the "critical problem" with the story, in that he has "apotheosized science".

Georgiana is married to Aylmer and, as Sarah Bird Wright puts it, the "doomed heroine" of the story. Georgiana agrees to allow Aylmer to experiment on her in an attempt to remove her birthmark—which turns out to be a fatal decision. Wright quotes Millicent Bell's thoughts on Georgiana's final words by saying they are "indicative of Hawthorne’s struggle with romanticism... he yearns to depict life as found".

Aminadab, Aylmer's laboratory assistant, is described as being short and bulky with a shaggy appearance; Aylmer addresses him as "thou human machine" and "thou man of clay." Wright refers to Nancy Bunge's observation that "because Aminadab possesses vast physical strength and 'earthiness' he undertakes to perform unpleasant tasks in order to free Aylmer to 'cultivate delusions of transcendence'". Judith Fetterley suggests that "Aminadab symbolizes the earthly, physical, erotic self that has been split apart from Aylmer".

Adaptation
The story was adapted into a one-act opera by Jean Eichelberger Ivey, written between 1980 and 1982.

title: The Birth-Mark


text:
Talk:Assist (ice hockey)

there should be a correction, because it states "a give and go", whereas in practice, multiple passes back and forth by two players you would still give an assist to a third player that originally passed it to one of the other two — Preceding unsigned comment added by Zxiaoxi (talk • contribs) 02:53, 20 March 2012 (UTC)

History, and goalies
1. Any good sources on the history of this stat? I went here to see why so few assists tended to be credited in the early years of the NHL, but there's nothing of obvious relevance to that.

2. I heard an announcer say there's an additional rule that, for a goalie to be credited with an assist, he (or she, I assume it's the same in women's hockey) has to be in actual control of the puck. According to this, if the puck deflects off your skate or something without you ever seeing it, goes to a teammate, and that teammate (or the next player they pass to) scores, you get an assist if you're playing any other position, but not if you're a goalie. If this is true, it should be in the explanation in this article. 50.72.201.97 (talk) 15:26, 26 October 2014 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Library 100 - Critical Approaches to Information Research
— Assignment last updated by Nkejejian (talk) 20:01, 25 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Assist (ice hockey)


text:
Gaoui

Gaoui (خاوي) is a village in Chad, lying 10km north east of N'Djamena. It is said to have been the capital of the Sao civilisation (a race of giants in local folklore) and is now known for its traditional architecture and pottery manufacture. It is also home to a museum.

The 2003 film Abouna was partly filmed in the village.

title: Gaoui


text:
User:David Newton/SVG Graphics

This is a list of SVG files of military and civil flags that I have created. The files have been uploaded here until the main Wikipedia accepts them. All the source is licensed under the GFDL unless noted otherwise.

American Jacks

 * USN Jack

Australian Flags

 * Australian Flag
 * Royal Australian Navy Ensign
 * Australian Merchant Ensign

Brazilian Jacks

 * Brazilian Navy Jack

British National Flags

 * Union Flag

British Ensigns

 * Blue Ensign
 * Civil Ensign
 * Red Ensign
 * RAF Ensign
 * White Ensign

British Jacks

 * Civil Jack

Indian Ensigns

 * Indian Merchant Ensign

New Zealand Ensigns

 * New Zealand Flag
 * Royal New Zealand Navy Ensign
 * New Zealand Ensign

title: User:David Newton/SVG Graphics


text:
Talk:Centre (ice hockey)

Presuming broad use of 'Centre'
Why is center spelled "centre" in this article? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.231.247.142 (talk) 04:48, 16 February 2008 (UTC)

Good question, considering the majority of professional ice hockey is played either in the US or in countries that don't even speak English (Finland, Russia, Sweden), much less use the Canadian/British form of "Center". Leshrak (talk) 21:20, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Professional ice hockey is only a very small part of the game though. I would think that there are far far more Canadian players than U.S. players when you take into account the amateur game. --JD554 (talk) 08:49, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

Presumptions that the UK variants of words are 'predominant' forms in world-English are abundant in the Wiki. The injection of French spelling into the English language beginning with William of Normandy's invasion is the root source of these variants. Their usage falls off sharply when you leave the UK or a French speaking region.

 * The original article used the Canadian spelling. We should not change that. Alaney2k (talk) 22:48, 1 December 2008 (UTC)

Front of net positioning
The blurb on 'Front of net positioning' is not accurate. Centres, more often than not, are amoung the smaller players on a hockey team. Screening in front of the net is reserved for either a crazy SOB, or a larger player. In saying this though, there are instances where a coach could designate his centreman to screen the goalie. I just dispute that screening would be a centre's main function in the offensive zone. Good day.

(99.3.161.28 (talk) 04:17, 15 April 2010 (UTC)) Agreed and corrected.

"Center(ice hockey)" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Center(ice hockey) and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 April 22 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Steel1943 (talk) 06:02, 22 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Centre (ice hockey)


text:
Skyfox (1984 video game)

Skyfox is a combat flight simulation game developed by Ray Tobey for the Apple II and published by Electronic Arts in 1984. Ariolasoft published the game in Europe. It was released for the ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, and Macintosh in 1985, to the Amiga and Atari ST in 1986, and to the PC-88 in 1988.

The 1987 sequel, Skyfox II: The Cygnus Conflict, was developed for the Commodore 64 by Dynamix without Tobey's involvement.

Description
The player pilots the Skyfox, the most advanced attack fighter plane available to the fictional government, the Federation. The plane has armaments consisting of radar guided missiles, heat-seeking missiles, laser cannons and deflection shields, and has a top speed of Mach 4. Gameplay consists of finding and destroying enemy tanks, planes and motherships. The game has 15 scenarios that can be played at five skill levels.

Featuring a view from the cockpit of the jet, this game is recognized as popularizing this view. The cockpit features radar which shows incoming missiles and other threats. Flying above the clouds, the player fights hordes of enemy planes. Flying below them, the player is attacked by enemy tanks. Hailed upon its release, most criticisms of the game cited repetitive gameplay as the only drawback.

Tobey thought a player could get bored flying an advanced fighter plane and might want to play a game. Consequently, he incorporated a Space Invaders game into Skyfox as a hidden Easter egg activated by pressing Ctrl-G while flying.

The Apple II version can use a Mockingboard, if one is present, for greatly improved audio.

Reception
Skyfox was Electronic Arts' best-selling Commodore 64 game as of late 1987. Its sales had surpassed 250,000 copies by November 1989.

Info rated Skyfox for the Commodore 64 three-plus stars out of five, praising the graphics but stating that "the gamester finds a much less involving product lying below the surface glitz ... Good run for a few hours". Compute! called the Amiga version a game that required "both forethought and quick reflexes ... one of the best available for the Amiga". It concluded that "the designers and programmers have outdone themselves in exploiting the Amiga's powerful features ... a simulation which rivals the best computer games available in any medium". In a 1994 survey of wargames Computer Gaming World gave the title one-plus stars out of five.

title: Skyfox (1984 video game)


text:
Linia, Chad

Linia (لينيا) is a town in Chad, lying 30km east of N'Djamena. It is known for its large market.

title: Linia, Chad


text: Talk:Forward (ice hockey)

title: Talk:Forward (ice hockey)


text:
User:Prk~enwiki

Painting for the Posterity? In the realm of creativity there has never been anything comparable to poetry, fiction writing, painting, music, philosophy, and architecture. By their very nature all these, probably with the exception of architecture, were individual-centred. What is notable about most of them is, more often than not, the progenitors worked poignantly, lived and died in penury, and  their progenies or products gained in popularity, when they were dead and gone, became world renowned, to be sold to the highest bidder at mind-boggling prizes, to adorn palaces, drawing rooms, and coffee-tables of the rich and snobbish. Marie Correlli in The Sorrows of Satan wrote,  “A genius thrives in a garret and dies in a palace…” While this is true, the history of Art reveals that many a genius not only lived in garret, but also died in it amidst its agonies, leaving behind their   fond and laborious creations to palaces, and other places of pomp and splendour. The life and works of Dutch painter, Vincent van Gogh, fit well into this category. The harpies of civilisation and culture-vultures let go many of the geniuses like him unknown and unrecognised in their lifetime and exhumed them later to the pleasures, fancies, and snobberies of the leisure class. Why this has been so should be a conundrum to the connoisseurs of Art, leave alone the rest of society. One might even wonder if Art is also shrouded in the sordidness of the politics of the times, more so, when in the fast unfolding “knowledge and market driven society”, and its concomitant commodification of knowledge and creativity a M.F. Hussain could recently sell 100 of his paintings for Rs. 100 crores at one go, which no painter could have even dreamt of about a century ago. The names Paul Gauguin and Vincent van Gogh should suffice to cause qualms among many of us. Among others, W. Somerset Maugham in The Moon and Six Pence sketched Gauguin, though satirically and in a legendary manner, tugging, torturing, and distorting the image of the painter; and Irving Stone in Lust for Life portrayed Van Gogh. Dawn and morning Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) was born in the Van Gogh family in a small Dutch village. He had an extraordinary gift for drawing even  when he was only eight. This gift bloomed in his youth. He seldom developed any enduring relationship with anyone, save his younger brother, Theo van Gogh. This was perhaps the reaction of a disgruntled genius toward a crude and cruel mankind, which treated him badly. Van Gogh and Theo were strongly attached to each other from childhood. In fact, it was Theo’s affinity, attachment, patience, love and understanding that supported Van Gogh in his persistent struggle to express on canvas. Theo loved his brother so deeply that shortly after Van Gogh’s death his frail health failed and he followed Van Gogh to rest by his side. Theo preserved all the letters of Van Gogh, the numerous sketches that he sent along to illustrate them, and his paintings. It is mainly using these (available in collected volumes, which are a feast to both eyes and mind) that Van Gogh has been placed on a pedestal for his posterity. Storm and stress At the age of 16 Van Gogh started his career as an art-dealer, his family’s profession. A “lost-love”, when he was twenty, left him depressed, and desolate. This, an “unkindest cut”, and  a turning point in his life, possibly swerved and lurched him   to the trajectory of creativity (though not necessarily by storing up his sexual energy and   turning it into prose and poetry as Bernard Shaw had probably done). At the age of 23, Van Gogh turned into an evangelist, and worked among the coal miners of the Borinage in Belgium, where he found salvation as a parent-figure nursing the sick, suffering, and the wounded, and in some sense practised the ideal of the Jesus upon the Cross. However, he was dismissed from evangelical work as his extremities were seen incompatible with the “canon” of the Church Council that “a person who neglected himself could not be an example to others”. Though Van Gogh started drawing rough sketches as early as 1878 in Brussels, and resumed this in the Borinage, it was only after his dismissal from evangelical work that he took up drawing seriously. And, at the age of 26 – as Paul realised in his late thirties -, Van Gogh realised that he was cut out for a particular vocation, and the creative impulse in him impelled him to painting, though this was a continuous journey through agony and anguish. More often than not, he was unable to paint well or eat well as he was frequently afflicted  by penury and starvation. However, Theo, who by this time secured a permanent job, assisted him in word and deed, and remained extremely good and helping to him. At the age of 28, another unrequited love with a cousin widow hurt him even more. Van Gogh was so well with and close to her. Yet he was in earnest to win her heart through her four years old son whom he loved deeply. But a stern “NO” from her shattered him. Shortly after this trauma, Van Gogh took under protection a destitute (who, going by descriptions, was coarse, ugly, and approaching confinement) and her children. This was partly out  of pity, and partly for filling the deep void in him caused by his cousin, and his longing for a wife and child all his own. He lavished his pent up love and energy on her and the children, particularly the youngest one. This liaison deprived him of the love and sympathy of many who looked down upon him as a reprobate. Vincent, however, continued this newfound relationship for nearly a year hoping to own them. But he was forced to part with them with pangs as he was in heavy debts and could not continue to live so any longer. Even then, while parting, he made all possible provisions for them. Van Gogh in Paris The characteristic of Van Gogh’s paintings was he loved harsh, coarse, and crude colours, which he painted with streaky, brush  strokes. At Antwerp, the place of his second sojourn in painting, he was attracted by Japanese prints and soon adopted a more colourful palette. In the third phase of his creative life, he moved to Paris, where he got acquainted with Paul Gauguin. Here his painting became freer, and his colours grew fresher and more throbbing. The intense need for Sunshine later made him move to Arles in Provence, where he painted for the rest of his life. He found this place so pleasant and sunny that he persuaded Gauguin to join. However, their incompatibility of temper did not keep them together long though they still liked each other (their relationship itself is an interesting part of Art history). Like Gauguin who took some time to discover what he actually wanted to paint, which he did when he settled at Tahiti, Van Gogh took some time to know what exactly he wanted to paint, and this he knew at Arles. In his sojourns as a painter, his paintings at the Brabant village of Nuenen conveyed an obsessive vision of coarse and crude peasant life in black and brown. At Antwerp he adopted a more colourful palette as a result of his love of Japanese prints; in Paris he emulated the clarity and freshness of Claude Monet and Georges Seurat. At Arles, a place so congenial to his work, with his innate love of Nature, and the burning Sun high above, his artistic gifts flowed out so freely that he painted easily and intensely. His major works of genius were painted in the two and a half years that he spent here. He expressed the violent emotions aroused in him by the glorious spring blossoms, the wheat fields at harvestine under the burning Sun, the inebriating richness of the autumn, the glorious beauty of the gardens and parks, and the human face, using most simple and personal means (his Self-Portrait, Portrait of Postman Roulin, The Night Café, The Poet’s Garden, The Sunflower, The Starry Night, etc.). Here his creative genius became so inexhaustible, that  he himself said: “I have a terrible lucidity at moments; these days when the Nature is so beautiful, I am not conscious of myself anymore, and the picture comes to me as in a dream”, and exclaimed rapturously: “Life is enchanting after all…” He painted what he felt as much as what he saw; but painted the expressions of his own feelings and tried to convey the torture of his soul, rather than the images of what he saw. His canvases exhibit extremism with a hallucinatory tinge. Journey’s end The pangs Van Gogh passed through persistently to project his singularity, exacerbated by penury and starvation sapped his juice. This, his unrequited love, lust for life, craving for recognition, all had a cumulative effect on him. In a sad and murderous mood, after a violent quarrel with Gauguin, Van Gogh cut off his own right ear and presented to the courtesan of a brothel (the versions on this vary). He was soon taken to hospital. Though he recovered shortly, his life became more traumatic. His neighbours, who looked at him now with suspicion and fear, petitioned the mayor that it was dangerous to leave him free, and he was again sent to hospital. This whole affair affected him so badly and caused recurring attacks. After this, he did not have the courage to start a new studio, and thought it best to go to an asylum. On the evening of July 27, 1890, possibly under extreme depression Van Gogh shot himself in the groin [of all the places why groin?] and died at the age of 37. The paintings he did for nearly a year when he was in the asylum were not the same buoyant, works he had done earlier. Here his palette was more sober, and the harmonies of his paintings passed into a minor key. Posthumously, many have written about Van Gogh. His malady has been variously interpreted as insanity, epilepsy, psychopathic psychogenic attacks, and so on. Some Art historians believe that his madness was only an overlay on his genius, but for which he would not have splashed on canvas his pent up emotions and artistic gifts, and would have probably continued as a peddler of painted pieces. However, no post-mortem can bring out his complexity without penetrating deep into his life, and personal and social ambience. The necessity to love and of being loved, which is seen in any normal individual, was so intense in Van Gogh that the absence of these, and the frustration caused for want of recognition of his artistic gifts for which he craved, hurt him deeply. Van Gogh was seldom seen abnormal save when he cut off his ear. In a sort of stupor caused by liquor and the excessive heat of Arles, the thought lurking on his sensitive mind of his inability to give a gift to the woman who asked for it might have persuaded him to cut off his ear and present it to her. He was self-willed and self-confident till the end. He himself claimed more than once that he had a “bent for greatness”, his work would be recognised later, and people would write about him when he is dead and gone. Van Gogh was most modest, compassionate and self-suffering, for whatever bad that had happened in his life, he accused him and none else. He was a painter of the proletariat (not in the Marxian sense!), and drew inspiration from the peasants, the toiling, the poor and the wretched (see for example, The Potato Eaters). He did not belong to the aristocracy or the ivory towers. The storm and stress in life had broken his nerves before he reached his journey’s end, and what was seen abnormal in him was the cumulative effect of many emotional and environmental stirrings and thrusts. To conclude, whatever humanity has done to elate this artist posthumously is only for their self-consolation, with no expiatory effect. It still remains true that mankind looked at Van Gogh’s art gallery through blinkers, saw his works dull when he was alive and longing for recognition and saw them great only when they fancied to take off their blinkers And, as Irving Stone wrote, “The hundreds of thousands of dollars that have been exchanged for Van Gogh’s paintings since his untimely end can hardly assuage the conscience of mankind that chose to ignore a sensitive soul crying out for recognition”. PS. The Van Gogh Museum at Amsterdam, housing the works of several other artists as well is a moving testimony to this. [The four sub-titles Dawn and Morning, Storm and Stress, Van Gogh in Paris, and Journey’s end, are borrwed from Romain Rolland’s four volumes (John Christopher series), under the titles Dawn and Morning, Storm and Stress, John Christopher in Paris, and Journey’s End.]

title: User:Prk~enwiki


text: Talk:Winger (ice hockey)

title: Talk:Winger (ice hockey)


text:
User:David Newton/SVG Graphics/Union Flag

This is the SVG source for the British Union Flag.

<svg xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:cc="http://web.resource.org/cc/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:sodipodi="http://inkscape.sourceforge.net/DTD/sodipodi-0.dtd" xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape" width="210mm" height="297mm" id="svg2" sodipodi:version="0.32" inkscape:version="0.40+cvs" sodipodi:docbase="E:\WIKIPE~1\SVGFLA~1" sodipodi:docname="UNIONF~1.SVG">      image/svg+xml         <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 0.00000000,18.000000 L 27.000000,18.000000 L 27.000000,30.000000 L 25.000000,30.000000 L 25.000000,20.000000 L 0.00000000,20.000000 L 0.00000000,18.000000 z " id="path4839" /> <path style="fill:none;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 0.00000000,0.00000000 L 60.000000,0.00000000 L 60.000000,30.000000 L 0.00000000,30.000000 L 0.00000000,0.00000000 z " id="path4840" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 0.00000000,3.3541020 L 0.00000000,10.000000 L 13.291780,10.000000 L 0.00000000,3.3541020 z " id="path4841" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 0.00000000,2.2360757 L 0.00000000,3.3541020 L 13.291780,10.000000 L 15.527848,10.000000 L 0.00000000,2.2360757 z " id="path4842" /> <path style="fill:#cc0000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 0.00000000,0.00000000 L 0.00000000,2.2360757 L 15.527848,10.000000 L 19.999984,10.000000 L 0.00000000,0.00000000 z " id="path4843" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 0.00000000,0.00000000 L 19.999835,10.000000 L 25.000000,10.000000 L 25.000000,9.1458904 L 6.7082039,0.00000000 L 0.00000000,0.00000000 z " id="path4844" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 6.7082039,0.00000000 L 25.000000,9.1458904 L 25.000000,0.00000000 L 6.7082039,0.00000000 z " id="path4845" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 0.00000000,20.000000 L 0.00000000,26.645898 L 13.291780,20.000000 L 0.00000000,20.000000 z " id="path4846" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 13.291780,20.000000 L 19.999984,20.000000 L 0.00000000,30.000000 L 0.00000000,26.645898 L 13.291780,20.000000 z " id="path4847" /> <path style="fill:#cc0000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 19.999835,20.000000 L 24.472119,20.000000 L 4.4721395,30.000000 L 0.00000000,30.000000 L 19.999835,20.000000 z " id="path4848" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 24.472119,20.000000 L 25.000000,20.000000 L 25.000000,20.854110 L 6.7082039,30.000000 L 4.4721395,30.000000 L 24.472119,20.000000 z " id="path4849" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 25.000000,20.854110 L 25.000000,30.000000 L 6.7082039,30.000000 L 25.000000,20.854110 z " id="path4850" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 35.000000,20.854110 L 35.000000,30.000000 L 53.291796,30.000000 L 35.000000,20.854110 z " id="path4851" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 35.000000,20.000000 L 40.000016,20.000000 L 60.000000,30.000000 L 53.291796,30.000000 L 35.000000,20.854110 L 35.000000,20.000000 z " id="path4852" /> <path style="fill:#cc0000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 40.000016,20.000000 L 44.472152,20.000000 L 60.000000,27.763932 L 60.000000,30.000000 L 40.000016,20.000000 z " id="path4853" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 44.472152,20.000000 L 46.708220,20.000000 L 60.000000,26.645898 L 60.000000,27.763932 L 44.472152,20.000000 z " id="path4854" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 46.708220,20.000000 L 60.000000,26.645898 L 60.000000,20.000000 L 46.708220,20.000000 z " id="path4855" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 35.000000,0.00000000 L 35.000000,9.1458904 L 53.291796,0.00000000 L 35.000000,0.00000000 z " id="path4856" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 35.000000,9.1458904 L 35.000000,10.000000 L 35.527881,10.000000 L 55.527864,0.00000000 L 53.291769,0.00000000 L 35.000000,9.1458904 z " id="path4857" /> <path style="fill:#cc0000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 55.527864,0.00000000 L 60.000000,0.00000000 L 40.000016,10.000000 L 35.527881,10.000000 L 55.527864,0.00000000 z " id="path4858" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 60.000000,0.00000000 L 60.000000,3.3541020 L 46.708220,10.000000 L 40.000165,10.000000 L 60.000000,0.00000000 z " id="path4859" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 60.000000,3.3541020 L 60.000000,10.000000 L 46.708220,10.000000 L 60.000000,3.3541020 z " id="path4860" />


text:
Talk:Checking (ice hockey)

fixed a spelling mistake —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.7.249.155 (talk) 04:56, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

I have never heard of "ice cut," and I would assert that this is not a type of check. It sounds to me like a tripping penalty. Is there a reference for this? I don't want to remove it just because I have never heard of it, but I would like to know where this term comes from, and why it belongs in an article about checking if it is indeed illegal. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.184.204.8 (talk) 15:45, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

I played hockey for 8 years and am very familiar with the rule book, owning a recent copy. I've never seen an ice cut performed intentionally, or heard of the term. It is officially called tripping or clipping (depending whether the contact is made at the opponent's feet or knees, respectively), and is illegal. I don't think it belongs in this article anyway, it's kind of a pluto thing, if we keep this then there are a bunch of other irrelevant terms we would have to include. Ivandh (talk) 08:27, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

types of body check
Seems to me the term 'body check' is too broad. This really should be broken down into the different types. The hip-check is very specific, executed very differently than a shoulder check and with very different results. Specify how these types are legal while elbowing is not. Shoving with the gloves versus cross-checking, etc... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.79.79.49 (talk) 23:49, 25 March 2009 (UTC)

Lead
I'm sorry but we have to "source" the use of an idiomatic phrase now? I would like to discuss these changes to the lead instead of simply being reverted all the time. Powers T 23:46, 8 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes, this is an encyclopedia so we have to source things. I removed the phrase "in check" because it's not at all clear what it means, or if it really is related to the word checking in this context. None of this article is referenced at the moment - it would really benefit from a few good sources. --hippo43 (talk) 10:34, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

 * "in check" is an extremely common idiom and needs no more sourcing than the current statement does. And it explains the origin of the term.  Powers T 13:24, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Because you say so? It's a common idiom in some countries, but is ambiguous and not immediately understood by everyone (Wikipedia is written for a general audience of English speakers). Better to reword it using clear language, and avoid using phrases in scare quotes. The entire article needs sourcing, including the current lead. Your opinion that the word 'checking' derives from 'in check' is worthless original research. Can you supply a source confirming that it is the origin of the term 'checking'? --hippo43 (talk) 13:32, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

 * First of all, they aren't scare quotes; they're perfectly appropriate when talking about a phrase qua phrase. Second of all, asking for a source that says "checking" is derived from "in check" is like asking for a source that says "showboating" is derived from "showboats", or that "couch potato" derives from the "couch".  The conclusion is both obvious and indisputable.  Powers T 13:49, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

 * In the article, it's not talking about the phrase, it's using the phrase in a sentence. Why not simply "Checking is a technique blah blah blah for keeping an opponent in check"??

 * Asking for a source for the derivation of a term is totally appropriate, according to Wikipedia policy and common sense. This is disputable - I am disputing it. You may be right, but if it's as obvious as you believe, it should be easy to find a source to confirm it. If you can't provide one, it can't go in the article. --hippo43 (talk) 14:06, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

 * It's plain language. We don't need to source simple uses of descriptive language.  Why aren't you asking for a source that proves the term is used in ice hockey, or for a source that says it's a defensive technique rather than an offensive one?  Powers T 19:00, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

 * We need to source any material that is challenged. This has been challenged. I'm not challenging that checking is a defensive technique used in ice hockey, but if someone does, it would need a source. As a whole, the article needs some sources, because at the moment it has none, and reads like a personal view of the subject.

 * While any challenged material needs to be sourced, because this phrase is so similar to the article title it is implied (and you have asserted) that one phrase is derived from the other, so we need to be particularly careful to get it right. You claim it is obvious that "checking" is derived from "in check", but you have offered no evidence for it. It could be the case that the phrases are not related, or that "in check" is derived from "checking".

 * In any case, perhaps you are taking this too personally - you are arguing pretty hard for such a trivial matter. The lead as it stands is perfectly clear and accurate - why are you so attached to this particular phrase? Maybe give it some thought? --hippo43 (talk) 22:40, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Because right now the article doesn't explain the origin of the term, and I think it's absurd to require sourcing a perfectly normal use of the English language. Powers T 02:44, 10 November 2009 (UTC)

 * You are making two separate points. You're right, it is not necessary to source normal use of the English language, at least when it's not challenged. However, when you are making an assertion - that the phrase "in check" is the origin of the term - you need to be able to verify that assertion. So far, you haven't been able to do so. If you can supply a reliable source confirming that "in check" is the origin of the verb "to check" (and not, for example, vice versa), I won't have a problem with it. So far, I haven't been able to find such a source. --hippo43 (talk) 10:55, 10 November 2009 (UTC)

Let's start over. If the sentence said "Checking is a type of defensive technique designed to keep an opponent from acting freely," does that require a source? Powers T 12:35, 10 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes, we should find a source for the definition of the term at least - the article has no sources at all! I'm not sure "designed to keep an opponent from acting freely" is the best wording to use - I don't think it really defines poke-checking or cross-checking, for example. The article goes on to explain each type of checking, so I don't think we need to be too specific in the lead. A couple of good sources would clear all this up. --hippo43 (talk) 16:54, 10 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Okay, but "Checking in ice hockey is any one of a number of defensive techniques in which a player uses their body or stick" doesn't require a source? Powers T 14:04, 11 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes, it definitely needs a source. However, it is less contentious and is consistent with the rest of the article. Is there anything in "Checking in ice hockey is any one of a number of defensive techniques in which a player uses their body or stick" that you think is incorrect? --hippo43 (talk) 14:24, 11 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, it's incomplete, implying that any use of the body or stick is a defensive technique and therefore "checking". Powers T 15:34, 11 November 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Checking (ice hockey). Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120103122357/http://www.usahockey.com//Template_Usahockey.aspx?NAV=ET_03&ID=299508 to http://www.usahockey.com/Template_Usahockey.aspx?NAV=ET_03&ID=299508

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 02:04, 7 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Checking (ice hockey)


text:
User:David Newton/SVG Graphics/Red Ensign

This is the SVG source for the British Merchant Navy's Red Ensign

<svg xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:cc="http://web.resource.org/cc/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:sodipodi="http://inkscape.sourceforge.net/DTD/sodipodi-0.dtd" xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape" sodipodi:docname="BRITIS~1.SVG" sodipodi:docbase="E:\WIKIPE~1\SVGFLA~1" inkscape:version="0.40+cvs" sodipodi:version="0.32" id="svg2" height="297mm" width="210mm">      image/svg+xml         <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 33.000000,18.000000 L 33.000000,30.000000 L 35.000000,30.000000 L 35.000000,20.000000 L 60.000000,20.000000 L 60.000000,18.000000 L 33.000000,18.000000 z " id="path4838" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 0.00000000,18.000000 L 27.000000,18.000000 L 27.000000,30.000000 L 25.000000,30.000000 L 25.000000,20.000000 L 0.00000000,20.000000 L 0.00000000,18.000000 z " id="path4839" /> <path style="fill:none;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 0.00000000,0.00000000 L 60.000000,0.00000000 L 60.000000,30.000000 L 0.00000000,30.000000 L 0.00000000,0.00000000 z " id="path4840" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 0.00000000,3.3541020 L 0.00000000,10.000000 L 13.291780,10.000000 L 0.00000000,3.3541020 z " id="path4841" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 0.00000000,2.2360757 L 0.00000000,3.3541020 L 13.291780,10.000000 L 15.527848,10.000000 L 0.00000000,2.2360757 z " id="path4842" /> <path style="fill:#cc0000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 0.00000000,0.00000000 L 0.00000000,2.2360757 L 15.527848,10.000000 L 19.999984,10.000000 L 0.00000000,0.00000000 z " id="path4843" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 0.00000000,0.00000000 L 19.999835,10.000000 L 25.000000,10.000000 L 25.000000,9.1458904 L 6.7082039,0.00000000 L 0.00000000,0.00000000 z " id="path4844" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 6.7082039,0.00000000 L 25.000000,9.1458904 L 25.000000,0.00000000 L 6.7082039,0.00000000 z " id="path4845" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 0.00000000,20.000000 L 0.00000000,26.645898 L 13.291780,20.000000 L 0.00000000,20.000000 z " id="path4846" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 13.291780,20.000000 L 19.999984,20.000000 L 0.00000000,30.000000 L 0.00000000,26.645898 L 13.291780,20.000000 z " id="path4847" /> <path style="fill:#cc0000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 19.999835,20.000000 L 24.472119,20.000000 L 4.4721395,30.000000 L 0.00000000,30.000000 L 19.999835,20.000000 z " id="path4848" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 24.472119,20.000000 L 25.000000,20.000000 L 25.000000,20.854110 L 6.7082039,30.000000 L 4.4721395,30.000000 L 24.472119,20.000000 z " id="path4849" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 25.000000,20.854110 L 25.000000,30.000000 L 6.7082039,30.000000 L 25.000000,20.854110 z " id="path4850" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 35.000000,20.854110 L 35.000000,30.000000 L 53.291796,30.000000 L 35.000000,20.854110 z " id="path4851" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 35.000000,20.000000 L 40.000016,20.000000 L 60.000000,30.000000 L 53.291796,30.000000 L 35.000000,20.854110 L 35.000000,20.000000 z " id="path4852" /> <path style="fill:#cc0000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 40.000016,20.000000 L 44.472152,20.000000 L 60.000000,27.763932 L 60.000000,30.000000 L 40.000016,20.000000 z " id="path4853" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 44.472152,20.000000 L 46.708220,20.000000 L 60.000000,26.645898 L 60.000000,27.763932 L 44.472152,20.000000 z " id="path4854" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 46.708220,20.000000 L 60.000000,26.645898 L 60.000000,20.000000 L 46.708220,20.000000 z " id="path4855" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 35.000000,0.00000000 L 35.000000,9.1458904 L 53.291796,0.00000000 L 35.000000,0.00000000 z " id="path4856" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 35.000000,9.1458904 L 35.000000,10.000000 L 35.527881,10.000000 L 55.527864,0.00000000 L 53.291769,0.00000000 L 35.000000,9.1458904 z " id="path4857" /> <path style="fill:#cc0000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 55.527864,0.00000000 L 60.000000,0.00000000 L 40.000016,10.000000 L 35.527881,10.000000 L 55.527864,0.00000000 z " id="path4858" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 60.000000,0.00000000 L 60.000000,3.3541020 L 46.708220,10.000000 L 40.000165,10.000000 L 60.000000,0.00000000 z " id="path4859" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 60.000000,3.3541020 L 60.000000,10.000000 L 46.708220,10.000000 L 60.000000,3.3541020 z " id="path4860" /> </g> <rect y="0.00000000" x="0.00000000" height="60.000000" width="120.00000" id="rect1320" style="fill:none;fill-opacity:1." />   <path id="path4861" d="M 60,0 L 120,0 L 120,60 L 0,60 L 0,30 L 60,30 z " style="fill:rgb(204,0,0);fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" />


text:
Talk:Hockey helmet

occidental v occipital
"Hockey helmets comfortably grip the head from inside by cupping the back of head, or the occidental protuberance".

Doesn't the writer mean "occipital protuberance"? Wiwaxia 09:21, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

Non-Professional Helmet Requirements
The article discusses NHL requirements, but doesn't address amateur and minor-league requirements. I am aware that there are different age-based requirements regarding cages versus shields in the United States (over 18 can wear a shield, under 18 must wear a cage ... I think .... in different leagues). There is also some confusion regarding the necessity of ear shields and J-clips - both of which are sometimes removed by some players. Finally, the article doesn't address the controversy regarding whether coaches on the ice should be required to wear helmets. USA hockey and at least one Canadian league have made helmets for on-ice coaches mandatory. USA Hockey has stated that sanctioned practices will become un-sanctioned (and uninsured) if coaches fail to wear the helmet. I'm willing to do some ground work on this, but I'm not an expert. Nightmote (talk) 13:55, 26 October 2009 (UTC)
 * It only mentions one league, in one country. It doesn't bring up the history of the ice hockey helmet outside the NHL. I doubt that was the first league to make the helmet mandatory.Lejman (talk) 23:22, 14 June 2011 (UTC)

Images
Images of the caged helment and full face visor helmet should be added to this article. 70.29.208.247 (talk) 06:35, 9 May 2010 (UTC)
 * The full face visor pic is already there, does anyone have a pic of a caged helmet? --Funandtrvl (talk) 23:27, 30 July 2010 (UTC)
 * ✅ --Funandtrvl (talk) 00:07, 31 July 2010 (UTC)

This article is very NHL-centric. Where is the european side of the story? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.231.134.48 (talk) 21:43, 12 November 2010 (UTC)

Who is Bruce Fogarty?
"A series of eye injuries, most notably that to Bruce Fogarty, have led to a call from many to enforce their wearing."

There has never been a Bruce Fogarty in the NHL. There was a Bryan Fogarty, who passed away in 2002, eleven years before the NHL mandated visor use, and his troubles were less injury-related than they were alcohol-related.

In 2013, when the NHLPA and the owners were in a heated discussion over how mandatory visors needed to be, Marc Staal--one of the most vocal players against requiring visors--nearly lost his right eye to a stray puck, and practically overnight, everyone had a shiny new visor on, including all of the Staals. In the sudden quiet, the NHL was able to pass the grandfather clause we have today to little or no opposition.

In my mind at least, the Staal accident is more pertinent to the discussion than Fogarty.
 * Just gonna make a response here that Bruce Fogarty does not appear to exist as a player at all, let alone in the National Hockey League. I replaced him in the artice with Greg Neeld, the first player to wear a visor in professional hockey who lost his eye in a junior game, and Bryan Berard. Any queries or objections to my edit, reply to this message and tag my username or send me a message on my talk page. Tay87 (talk) 10:18, 28 July 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hockey helmet


text:
Fada, Chad

Fada (فادا) is the capital of the Ennedi-Ouest Region of Chad, which was created in 2012 from the western half of the Ennedi Region.

Lying in the Ennedi Plateau, it has a population of 23,786 (as of December 2005). It is known for the surrounding cave paintings and rock formations, while the Guelta d'Archei and a wood growing in a wadi are local attractions.

During the Toyota War in 1987, the town saw fighting during the Battle of Fada.

The town is served by Fada Airport.

History
Rock paintings and archaeological artifacts at nearby Guelta d'Archei, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, show evidence that humans occupied the area around 10,000 BCE during the African humid period.

Idriss Déby, a former military officer and president of Chad, was born in the village of Berdoba, about 190 kilometres from Fada. As a student, he attended the École-Francaise in studying the French language.

On 2 January 1987, during the Toyota War, Fada was the scene of a battle fought between Chad and the armed forces of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and the Democratic Revolutionary Council. The battle was marked as a turning point of the Chadian-Libyan conflict.

title: Fada, Chad


text:
User:David Newton/SVG Graphics/Blue Ensign

This is the SVG for the British Government ship's Blue Ensign.

<svg xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:cc="http://web.resource.org/cc/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:sodipodi="http://inkscape.sourceforge.net/DTD/sodipodi-0.dtd" xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape" sodipodi:docname="BRITIS~2.SVG" sodipodi:docbase="E:\WIKIPE~1\SVGFLA~1" inkscape:version="0.40+cvs" sodipodi:version="0.32" id="svg2" height="297mm" width="210mm">      image/svg+xml         <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 33.000000,18.000000 L 33.000000,30.000000 L 35.000000,30.000000 L 35.000000,20.000000 L 60.000000,20.000000 L 60.000000,18.000000 L 33.000000,18.000000 z " id="path4838" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 0.00000000,18.000000 L 27.000000,18.000000 L 27.000000,30.000000 L 25.000000,30.000000 L 25.000000,20.000000 L 0.00000000,20.000000 L 0.00000000,18.000000 z " id="path4839" /> <path style="fill:none;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 0.00000000,0.00000000 L 60.000000,0.00000000 L 60.000000,30.000000 L 0.00000000,30.000000 L 0.00000000,0.00000000 z " id="path4840" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 0.00000000,3.3541020 L 0.00000000,10.000000 L 13.291780,10.000000 L 0.00000000,3.3541020 z " id="path4841" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 0.00000000,2.2360757 L 0.00000000,3.3541020 L 13.291780,10.000000 L 15.527848,10.000000 L 0.00000000,2.2360757 z " id="path4842" /> <path style="fill:#cc0000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 0.00000000,0.00000000 L 0.00000000,2.2360757 L 15.527848,10.000000 L 19.999984,10.000000 L 0.00000000,0.00000000 z " id="path4843" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 0.00000000,0.00000000 L 19.999835,10.000000 L 25.000000,10.000000 L 25.000000,9.1458904 L 6.7082039,0.00000000 L 0.00000000,0.00000000 z " id="path4844" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 6.7082039,0.00000000 L 25.000000,9.1458904 L 25.000000,0.00000000 L 6.7082039,0.00000000 z " id="path4845" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 0.00000000,20.000000 L 0.00000000,26.645898 L 13.291780,20.000000 L 0.00000000,20.000000 z " id="path4846" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 13.291780,20.000000 L 19.999984,20.000000 L 0.00000000,30.000000 L 0.00000000,26.645898 L 13.291780,20.000000 z " id="path4847" /> <path style="fill:#cc0000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 19.999835,20.000000 L 24.472119,20.000000 L 4.4721395,30.000000 L 0.00000000,30.000000 L 19.999835,20.000000 z " id="path4848" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 24.472119,20.000000 L 25.000000,20.000000 L 25.000000,20.854110 L 6.7082039,30.000000 L 4.4721395,30.000000 L 24.472119,20.000000 z " id="path4849" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 25.000000,20.854110 L 25.000000,30.000000 L 6.7082039,30.000000 L 25.000000,20.854110 z " id="path4850" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 35.000000,20.854110 L 35.000000,30.000000 L 53.291796,30.000000 L 35.000000,20.854110 z " id="path4851" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 35.000000,20.000000 L 40.000016,20.000000 L 60.000000,30.000000 L 53.291796,30.000000 L 35.000000,20.854110 L 35.000000,20.000000 z " id="path4852" /> <path style="fill:#cc0000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 40.000016,20.000000 L 44.472152,20.000000 L 60.000000,27.763932 L 60.000000,30.000000 L 40.000016,20.000000 z " id="path4853" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 44.472152,20.000000 L 46.708220,20.000000 L 60.000000,26.645898 L 60.000000,27.763932 L 44.472152,20.000000 z " id="path4854" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 46.708220,20.000000 L 60.000000,26.645898 L 60.000000,20.000000 L 46.708220,20.000000 z " id="path4855" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 35.000000,0.00000000 L 35.000000,9.1458904 L 53.291796,0.00000000 L 35.000000,0.00000000 z " id="path4856" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 35.000000,9.1458904 L 35.000000,10.000000 L 35.527881,10.000000 L 55.527864,0.00000000 L 53.291769,0.00000000 L 35.000000,9.1458904 z " id="path4857" /> <path style="fill:#cc0000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 55.527864,0.00000000 L 60.000000,0.00000000 L 40.000016,10.000000 L 35.527881,10.000000 L 55.527864,0.00000000 z " id="path4858" /> <path style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 60.000000,0.00000000 L 60.000000,3.3541020 L 46.708220,10.000000 L 40.000165,10.000000 L 60.000000,0.00000000 z " id="path4859" /> <path style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" d="M 60.000000,3.3541020 L 60.000000,10.000000 L 46.708220,10.000000 L 60.000000,3.3541020 z " id="path4860" /> </g> <rect y="0.00000000" x="0.00000000" height="60.000000" width="120.00000" id="rect1320" style="fill:none;fill-opacity:1." /> <path id="path4861" d="M 60.000000,0.00000000 L 120.00000,0.00000000 L 120.00000,60.000000 L 0.00000000,60.000000 L 0.00000000,30.000000 L 60.000000,30.000000 L 60.000000,0.00000000 z " style="fill:#000066;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.00000000px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1.0000000" />


text:
Talk:NHL Network (Canadian TV channel)

Separate article for US Version?
I know that the US launch is up in the air, but shouldn't the Canadian and US versions be separate articles? And if so, what should the names be? Should the Canadian version be listed as NHL Network (Canada) or just NHL Network? Or should NHL Network become a disambiguation page for the separate US and Canadian pages. I think they should be separate since one is a Canadian digital channel and the other is a (potential) US cable network with different ownership and management. Milchama 11:15, 19 September 2006 (UTC)
 * NHL Network (U.S.) has been created. Milchama 23:17, 24 September 2006 (UTC)
 * It has been moved to NHL Network (United States). --myselfalso 22:16, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

New Logo
Is anyone able to find the new logo of NHLNetwork, I don't know when the new logo was added tot he network but it is visable from the web site but not in any way that u can post it on wikipedia. It would be good to add it to the article. 74.109.62.238 23:18, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * It's done! 74.109.62.238 17:52, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

Unsourced claim that the NHL announced closure
Can you please provide a WP:reliable source to WP:verify your claim that "the NHL did in fact announce it"? I can't find any announcement from the NHL. If it hasn't been announced, then we shouldn't be trying to predict the future. And if it has been announced, it certainly needs to be sourced.

Also, why do you say that mentioning the closure of the channel with the rest of the history is "awkward"? This content fits much more naturally with the intimately related discussion of TSN loosing the NHL rights (which is why it closed) and the NHL reconsidering the future of the channel. The way you've written it the reader has to read half an article to figure out what the end result of that reconsideration is. And why do you want an entire section dedicated to the single sentence on the closure? Policy (MOS:PARAGRAPHS) says "Short paragraphs and single sentences generally do not warrant their own subheading". Why ignore the MOS? TDL (talk) 01:30, 3 June 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:NHL Network (Canadian TV channel)


text:
Ouara

Ouara (or Wara, وارا) is the former capital of the Ouaddai Empire lying near Abéché in eastern Chad. It has been deserted since its wells went dry in the 19th century. Situated between hills, it is still home to a ruined palace, mosque and city wall. These ruins were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on July 21, 2005, in the cultural category.

title: Ouara