text:
Mirza (name)

Mirza ( or ; ) is a name of Persian origin. It is used as a surname or prefix to identify patriarchal lineage. It is derived from the term Mirzadeh (میرزادہ).

It is a historical royal and noble title, denoting the rank of a royal prince, high nobleman, distinguished military commander, or a scholar. Specifically, it was used as a title by (and today signifies patriarchal lineage to) the various Persian Empires, the Nogai Horde, Shirvanshahs and Circassians of the European Caucasus, the Mughals / Moguls and Muslim Rajputs of the Indian Subcontinent. It was also a title bestowed upon members of the highest aristocracies in Tatar states, such as the Khanates of Kazan and Astrakhan.

Mirzadeh
The original title Mīrzā or Merzāh is derived from the Persian term Mīrzādeh which literally means child of the Mīr or child of the ruler. Mīrzādeh in turn consists of the Arabic title Amīr (English: Emir), meaning "commander" and the Persian suffix zādeh, meaning "son of" or "lineage of". Due to vowel harmony in Turkic languages, the alternative pronunciation Morza (plural morzalar; derived from Persian) is also used.

History
Mirza first emerged during the 15th century as an appellative term for members of the Timurid dynasty, adopted in deference to their progenitor, the Central Asian conqueror Timur, who used Amir as his principal title. During the early Timurid period, Mirza preceded a prince's given name, therefore adhering to the Persian fashion, though subsequently the Turkish style was adopted, with the title instead being placed after. This was continued by later rulers such as the Aq Qoyunlus, Safavids, Ottomans and Mughals.

Originally restricted to only kings and princes, the title eventually spread among other social groups, though only the former could have it placed after their given name. During the 16th century, the Safavids conferred it upon high-ranking viziers such as Mirza Shah Hossein and Mirza Ata-Allah Isfahani. By the Qajar period, the title simply marked a person as a clerk or a literate man of consequence. Writing in 1828, Frederic Shoberl records that "as a prefix to the name, it may be assumed by, or conferred on any person. It is right, however, to observe, that none but well-educated men, or such as follow respectable professions, or hold honourable posts, take the title of Mirza."

Safavid dynasty

 * Padeshah Ali Mirza
 * Prince Alqas Mirza
 * Prince Mohammad Baqer Mirza
 * Vizier Mirza Shokrollah Isfahani
 * Vizier Mirza Salman Jaberi
 * Vizier Mirza Shah Hossein

Afsharid dynasty

 * Prince Reza Qoli Mirza
 * Prince Shahrokh Mirza
 * Prince Ebrahim Mirza
 * Statesman Mirza Mehdi Khan
 * Prince Nader Mirza

Qajar dynasty

 * Prince Iraj Mirza
 * Prince Malek Mansur Mirza Shao es-Saltaneh
 * Prince Bahram Mirza Sardar Mass'oud
 * Prince Abbas Mirza
 * Prince Abdol Majid Mirza
 * Prince Bahram Mirza
 * Prince Djahangir Mirza
 * Prince Eskandar Mirza
 * Prince Hamid Mirza
 * Prince Khanlar Mirza
 * Prince Khosrow Mirza
 * Prince Muhammad Mirza
 * Prince Mahmoud Mirza
 * Prince Mohammad Hassan Mirza
 * Prince Mohammad Hassan Mirza II
 * Prince Ahmad Shah Qajar
 * Prince Nosrat-od-Dowleh Firouz Mirza
 * Prince Firouz Mirza Nosrat-ed-Dowleh Farman Farmaian III
 * Prince Ali Mirza Qajar
 * Prince Nosrat al-Din Mirza Salar es-Saltaneh
 * Prince Abdol-samad Mirza Ezz ed-Dowleh Saloor
 * Prince Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan
 * Prince Mohammad Ali Mirza Dowlatshah
 * Prince Mohammad Taqi Mirza
 * Prince Kamran Mirza Nayeb es-Saltaneh

Shirvanshahs
Three consecutive titular kings of Shirvan, of the Shirvanshah Dynasty (present-day Azerbaijan), adopted the title as well following the death of Gurban Ali.
 * Gasim Mirza
 * Kavus Mirza
 * Abu Bakr Mirza
 * Sheraz Zaheer Mirza

Circassian dynasty
The hereditary title of Mirza was adopted by the nobility class of the Circassians. Idar of Kabardia, also known as "Mirza Haydar Temruk Bey", was the great-grandson of Prince Inal – Sultan of Egypt the founder of the "Temruk dynasty" of the Kabardian princes, known in Russia as the "Cherkassky" a Circassian princely family.

Circassian nobility with the name Mirza include: Princely Issues:
 * Mirza Haydar Temruk Bey (ca. 1470 – 1571)
 * Temruk Mirza (ca. 1501 – 1571)
 * Kambulat Mirza (ca. 1510 – 1589)
 * Zhelegot Mirza (ca. 1520- ?)

Russian empire
Under Catherine the Great, empress of Russia, the Mirzas gained equal rights with the Russian nobility due to their extreme wealth. Abdul Mirza was given the title Prince Yusupov, and his descendant Prince Felix Yusupov married Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia, the only niece of Tsar Nicholas II.

Mughal empire
The title Mirza was borne by an imperial prince. It was adopted as part of ones name, implying relationship to the Mongol dynasties like the Mughal dynasty (the Imperial House of Timur). In the traditional naming sequence of the Indian royal families, the title can be placed both before the name and after it, such as Prince Mirza Mughal or Prince Kamran Mirza. Prince Khusrau Mirza was the grandson of Emperor Babur (Babur Mirza), son of Emperor Jahangir and a brother of Emperor Shah Jahan. Emperor Akbar Shah II was known as Prince Mirza Akbar before his coronation. Emperor Babur took the imperial title of Badshah on 6 March 1508, before which he used the title Mirza.

Moghal son of alinja khan dynasty

 * Mirza Zahiruddin 1494–1530, first Mughal Emperor.
 * Mirza Nasiruddin 1530–1539 & 1554–1555, second Mughal Emperor.
 * Mirza Jalaluddin 1556–1605, third Mughal Emperor.
 * Mirza Nuruddin Salim 1605–1627, fourth Mughal Emperor.
 * Mirza Salafuddin Shahryar 1627–1628, de facto Ruler
 * Mirza Shahabuddin Khurram 1628–1658, fifth Mughal Emperor.
 * Mirza Muhiuddin Aurangzeb 1658–1707, sixth Mughal Emperor.
 * Mirza Qutbuddin Azam 1707, seventh Mughal Emperor.
 * Mirza Mu'azzam 1707–1712, eighth Mughal Emperor.
 * Mirza Muizuddin Muhammad 1712–1713, ninth Mughal Emperor.
 * Mirza Muinuddin Muhammad 1712–1719, tenth Mughal Emperor.
 * Mirza Shamsuddin 1719, eleventh Mughal Emperor.
 * Mirza Rafiuddin 1719, twelfth Mughal Emperor.
 * Mirza Muhammad Nekusiyar 1719, thirteenth Mughal Emperor.
 * Mirza Nasiruddin Roshan Akhtar, fourteenth Mughal Emperor.
 * Ahmad Shah Mirza 1720–1748, fifteenth Mughal Emperor.
 * Azizuddin Beg Mirza 1754–1759, sixteenth Mughal Emperor.
 * Jalaluddin Mirza 1759–1760, seventeenth Mughal Emperor.
 * Muhi-ul-Millat Mirza 1788–1806, eighteenth Mughal Emperor.
 * Mirza Akbar 1806–1837, nineteenth Mughal Emperor.
 * Sirajuddin Mirza 1837–1857, Mughal Emperor.
 * Mirza Abdullah, son of Bahadur Shah II 1850–1897, Mughal Emperor.
 * Mirza Aziz Koka (1542–1624), foster-brother of Akbar, son of Ataga Khan

Imperial families of Central India and Bengal
The archaic Bengali form of Mirza was Mridha in Bengal and Bihar.
 * Mirza Shuja ud-din Muhammad Khan, second Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
 * Mirza Asadullah, third Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
 * Mirza Muhammad Ali, fourth Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
 * Mirza Mohammad Siraj, fifth Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
 * Mirza Hassan Ali Khan Bahadur, 18th Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
 * Mirza Wasif Ali Khan, 19th Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
 * Mirza Waris Ali Khan, 20th Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
 * Sheraz Zaheer Mirza, 21st Nawab of Pakistan.

Royal family of Awadh

 * Mirza Muhammad Muqim Ali Khan, second Nawab Subahdar of Awadh (Oudh)
 * Mirza Amani Asif-ud-Dawlah, fourth Nawab Subahdar of Awadh
 * Mirza Asif Jah Wazir Ali Khan, fifth Nawab Subahdar of Awadh
 * Mirza Wajid Ali Shah, eleventh Nawab Subahdar (fifth King) of Awadh

Rajputs of Northern India
Originally being adversaries and opponents to the Mughal Emperors, the title Mirza was also adopted by the Muslim Rajputs of Northern India. Many of the Rajput imperial families who were descendants of ancient Hindu warriors who strategically formed blood alliances with Mughal aristocracy. The Rajputs were rulers of princely states comprising vast territories of Northern India, including the Punjab Region, Kashmir and Rajasthan. Inter-marriage between Mughal aristocracy and Rajput aristocracy became very common and various factions of Rajput kingdoms embraced the Islamic faith, giving rise to the term "Muslim Rajputs". Rajput rulers were also granted the title Mirza on account of being high-ranked commanders in the Mughal military. The meaning of Mirza (Persian origin) is identical to the meaning of Rajput (Sanskrit Origin).

Sport

 * Sania Mirza, Indian tennis player, former WTA number 1
 * Fadi Merza, Syrian-Austrian middleweight kickboxer, former world champion kickboxing and Muay Thai
 * Mirza Ali Baig, Pakistani mountaineer
 * Mirza Baig, Pakistani cricketer
 * Mirza Bašić, Bosnian tennis player, winner 2018 Sofia Open
 * Mirza Begić, Bosnian-Slovenian Olympic basketball player
 * Mirza Delibašić, Bosnian basketball player
 * Mirza Mustafić, Bosnian football player
 * Mirza Sarajlija, Bosnian-Slovenian basketball player
 * Mirza Teletović, Bosnian basketball player
 * Mirza Varešanović, Bosnian football manager
 * Rasul Mirzaev, Russian MMA fighter

Academics and literature

 * Meerza Delawar Hosaen Ahmed (1840–1913), first Muslim graduate of the British Raj
 * Mirza Muhammad Yusuf Ali (1858–1920), Bengali writer and social activist
 * Heidi Safia Mirza (born 1958), British academic
 * Iraj Mirza, Persian folk poet, also known as Jalaal-al-mamalek.
 * Mirza Abu Taleb Khan, tax-collector and administrator from northern India, writer of an early travel guide to Europe.
 * Mirza Athar Baig is a Pakistani novelist, playwright and short story writer.
 * Mirza Gʻafur Gʻulom, Uzbek poet, writer, and literary translator, considered one of the most influential Uzbek writers of the 20th century.
 * Mirza Ghalib (born Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan), an Urdu and Persian poet from South Asia who adorned the Mughal court.
 * Mirza Kalich Beg, Sindhi writer.
 * Mirza Khan of "Mirza & Sahiba", a tragic romance story, based on true events, which is enshrined in Punjabi literature and commonly told in the Punjab region. Mirza of "Mirza & Sahiba" was of Kharal Muslim Jat tribe.
 * Muhammad Munawwar Mirza, a prominent scholar, historian, writer and intellectual from Pakistan.
 * Nawab Mirza Khan "Daagh", Urdu poet.

Arts and entertainment

 * Bashir Mirza also known as BM, a Pakistani painter.
 * Haroon Mirza, Anglo-Pakistani artist born in London.
 * Mirza Kadym Irevani, Azerbaijani artist.
 * Shazia Mirza, English comedian.
 * Aziz Mirza (born 1947), Indian film director, producer and writer.
 * Mastan Haider Mirza, Indian Mafia boss, mobster and filmmaker; popularly known as the first "celebrity gangster" of Bombay.
 * Mirza Babayev, Azerbaijani movie actor and singer. Honored Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR and People's Artist of Azerbaijan.
 * Mirza Šoljanin, Bosnian singer
 * Mirza Nadeem Baig Mirza Nazeer Baig Mughal better known by his stage name Nadeem Baig, a Pakistani actor, singer and producer.
 * Mohib Mirza is a Pakistani actor and television host.
 * Saeed Mirza, Indian film director and screenwriter, considered one of the most influential parallel cinema movie makers in India.

Government

 * Abdul Latif Mirza, Bangladeshi politician
 * Mirza Abdul Jalil, former chairman of Bangladesh Krishi Bank
 * Mirza Ghulam Hafiz, Bangladeshi politician and former Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad
 * Mirza Ruhul Amin, Bangladeshi politician
 * Mirza Abdul Halim, Bangladeshi politician and former Minister of Shipping
 * Mirza Abdur Rashid, Bangladeshi politician
 * Mirza Abdul Awal, Bangladeshi politician
 * Mirza Azam, Bangladeshi politician and former Minister of Textiles and Jute
 * Mirza Muraduzzaman, Bangladeshi politician and former president of Bangladesh Nationalist Party's Sirajganj branch
 * Mirza Sultan Raja, Bangladeshi politician and former president of Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal
 * Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir, Bangladeshi politician, the incumbent secretary general of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) since 2016
 * Mirza Abbas, Bangladeshi politician and former Mayor of Dhaka City Corporation from 1991 to 1993
 * Fahmida Mirza, first female Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan
 * Hasnain Mirza, lawyer, barrister and Member of Parliament who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly (MPA)
 * Iskandar Ali Mirza, the first President and 4th Governor General of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan in 1956
 * Mirza Tofazzal Hossain Mukul, Bangladeshi politician
 * Mirza Ali Asghar Khan Amin al-Soltan, the last prime minister of Iran under Naser al-Din Shah Qajar
 * Mirza Ismail, Prime Minister, Jaipur (Diwan of Jaipur) (1942–1946)
 * Mirza Kuchik Khan, early 20th-century revolutionary, Gilani Nationalist and the president of the Republic Of Gilan
 * Mirza Muzaffar Ahmad, a Federal Finance Minister and Finance Secretary, Chairman of Planning Commission of Pakistan Executive director of the World bank
 * Mirza Nasrullah Khan, the first Iranian Prime Minister
 * Munira Mirza, Deputy Mayor of London and the Director of the Number 10 Policy Unit under UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson
 * Zulfiqar Mirza, Pakistani politician affiliated with the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP)

Judges and advocates

 * Zafar Hussain Mirza, Pakistani judge and the father of former Home Minister of Sindh Zulfiqar Mirza.

Journalists

 * Janbaz Mirza was a writer, poet, and journalist from Pakistan.
 * Tahir Mirza was a senior Pakistani journalist and former editor of Dawn, Pakistan's oldest and most widely circulated English-language newspaper.

Military

 * Mirza Ahmed Beg, one of the original Punjabi soldiers of the famed "Hodson's Horse" regiment of the British Indian Army, pictured in the historical 1858 photograph. He was a descendant of Mirza Hakim Beg, after whom the Indian village Hakimpur, Gurdaspur District is named.
 * Mirza Aslam Beg, a Former Chief of Army Staff of Pakistan.
 * Mirza Baqi, 17th-century Mughal general
 * Mirza Ghulam Murtaza was the chieftain of Qadian and a commander with the Sikh Army.
 * Mirza Kuchak Khan was a Persian revolutionary who led the Jungle Movement in the northern jungles of Gilan Province.

Nobility and royalty

 * Khan Muhammad Mirza, architect during the Mughal Era.
 * Mirza Ali Behrouze Ispahani, Bangladeshi businessman from the Ispahani family and the chairman of M. M. Ispahani Limited.
 * Mirza Hadi Baig, Mughal nobleman from Samarkand who was granted 80 villages by Babur.
 * Mirza Najaf Khan, Indian courtier and Commander-in-Chief of the Mughal Imperial Army.
 * Sikandar Mirza, Armenian courtier within Akbar's Mughal Empire
 * Umer Sheikh Mirza, ruler, father of Mughal Prince Mirza Babar

Other people

 * Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, Indian religious leader
 * Mirza Mahdi Ashtiani, Iranian Philosopher
 * Mirza Shirazi, Iranian Shia marja' (1815–1895)
 * Mirza Mahdi al-Shirazi, Iranian Shia marja'

title: Mirza (name)


text:
Talk:Giant mouse lemur

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Howling Laud Hope

Alan Hope (born 16 June 1942), known politically as Howling Laud Hope, is a British politician and former publican who is the current Leader of the Official Monster Raving Loony Party (OMRLP). On the death of the party's founder Screaming Lord Sutch in 1999, Hope and his pet cat, Catmando, were jointly elected as leaders of the OMRLP. Since June 2002 Hope has been the party's sole leader following Catmando's death in a road accident.

Hope was the first-ever OMRLP candidate to be elected to public office, when he was elected unopposed to a seat on Ashburton Town Council in Devon in 1987. He subsequently became the Mayor of Ashburton in 1998.

In 2010 Hope was elected unopposed to Fleet Town Council in Hampshire. Hope's longtime friendship with satirist Jacob M. Appel formed the basis for the latter's novel, The Biology of Luck, which is reportedly an allegory for modern British politics.

Biography
Hope was known as Kerry Rapid and The Soultones when he was a back-up singer for rock and roll performer Screaming Lord Sutch in the 1960s. As Leader of the Official Monster Raving Loony Party, Sutch made Hope the party's Deputy Chairman in 1982. Hope subsequently became the party's Chairman and Deputy Leader, before becoming Leader following Sutch's death in 1999.

As an OMRLP candidate, Hope was elected unopposed to Ashburton Town Council in Devon in 1987. This caused a dilemma in the party as it had previously been decided that any member who was elected to a public office should be expelled from the party. This rule was changed at the 1987 Party Conference to allow Hope to remain a member and official representative of the party. He later rose to become Deputy Mayor, before being made Mayor of Ashburton in 1998.

Hope is the only OMRLP candidate to have been elected to public office, although an ex-member, Stuart Hughes, won a seat on East Devon District Council for the Raving Loony Green Giant Party in 1991.

Hope's pub and guesthouse in Ashburton, The Golden Lion, was the OMRLP's Party Headquarters and conference centre from 1984 until 2000, after which he sold the property and moved to Hampshire. There he took over the Dog and Partridge public house at Yateley until 2011, which served as the new party headquarters.

Upon Sutch's death in 1999, Hope and his pet cat Catmando were elected as joint leaders of the OMRLP. Catmando served until his death as a result of a traffic accident in July 2002, whereupon Hope became the sole leader of the party.

In 2003, Hope appeared on Top Gear during the second episode of series 2. In its challenge searching for 'Britain's fastest Political Party', he came in last.

title: Howling Laud Hope


text:
William Brydges

William Brydges was a Canadian man whose arrest for murder resulted in the leading Supreme Court of Canada case R v Brydges on the right of a detainee to access duty counsel. His case was a Canadian precedent, and created significant controversy after the Supreme Court of Canada upheld his acquittal. He was found to have been denied access to an attorney because he was not informed of legal services available to him when he told police he could not afford a lawyer. This case had nationwide ramifications, requiring all police officers to advise a person under arrest of the availability of legal services even if they couldn't afford them.

Arrest
William Brydges was arrested on December 16, 1985 in connection with the murder of Mrs. MacLeod, which took place on March 29, 1979. Brydges was 16 at the time of the murder and 22 when he was arrested. Although he was a resident of Alberta, he was arrested in Strathclair, Manitoba while visiting his stepfather.

On December 16, 1985, Detective Harris of the Edmonton City Police and Corporal Munro, a Royal Canadian Mounted Police officer arrested William Brydges. Brydges was brought to the nearest police station (in Manitoba) for questioning.

Questioning
According to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Brydges had the right to talk to a lawyer, and had the right to be informed of this. As outlined in the Charter of Rights, Brydges was first informed of the reason for his arrest. Directly after, the detective said to Brydges: "you can phone one from here if you want. If you know one."

When Brydges said that he did not know any lawyers, Detective Harris asked if he wanted to try to call one. Brydges asked if they had legal aid services in Manitoba, and Detective Harris responded by saying: "I imagine they have a Legal Aid system in Manitoba. I'm...not familiar with it but...."

Brydges then said: "Won't be able to afford anyone, hey? That's the main thing," and said that he did not want to talk to a lawyer at that time.

While being questioned, Brydges admitted to taking some items from the scene of the murder.

The trial
Brydges was tried by the Honourable Allan Wachowich of the Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta, sitting with a jury, from January 12, 1987 to January 20, 1987. The Crown proceeded to introduce circumstantial evidence to the jury until the fourth day, when a voir dire was held to examine the admissibility of statements made by Brydges to the Police. At this time the Trial Judge ruled that Brydges' rights under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms's section 10(b) had been violated.

Counsel for Brydges then moved that the case be taken away from the jury because there was no evidence upon which a reasonable jury, properly instructed, could return a verdict of guilty. Crown counsel made no submissions in respect of the motion, and the trial judge, after considering the motion, instructed the jury to retire and return with a verdict of not guilty. The jury returned with a verdict of not guilty.

William Brydges' original acquittal was upheld by the Supreme Court of Canada as they agreed with the original trial judge's ruling of throwing out the interrogation evidence under Section 24(2) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The judge ruled that he was not given his right to a lawyer; instead, he was in essence told that he would only be granted this right if he knew one or could afford one. Due to this violation of the charter, the judge ruled that the admission of the evidence would put the justice system in disrepute.

The evidence was ruled inadmissible because the police had a duty to inform Brydges of legal aid services.

Appeal
The case was later appealed by the Court of Appeal of Alberta, and a new trial was ordered. In the appeal the judge stated that Brydges did not waive his right to a lawyer, instead, due to the context of the conversation between Brydges and the Police, it was agreed that he was merely considering the cost of a lawyer.

Additionally, the judge said that Brydges didn't understand his Charter rights and was not capable of waiving them, since it was the duty of the police to inform him that he had the right to seek legal counsel.

title: William Brydges


text: User talk:129.97.192.75

title: User talk:129.97.192.75


text:
Elvey (crater)

Elvey is a lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon. It is located near the northern edge of the blanket of ejecta that surrounds the Mare Orientale impact basin. To the north of Elvey is the smaller crater Nobel.

This is a damaged crater with a rim that is only partly intact along the eastern side. The remainder of the rim is irregular and less distinct. This condition may have been created by the ejecta from the Mare Orientale impact to the south. A pair of small craters lies along the northwestern rim.

Less than two crater diameters to the south of Elvey is the impact site of a small crater. This formation lies at the focus of a ray system that extends over 200 km in all directions. The central portion of this system forms a bright skirt of higher albedo material, while the rays become progressively more wispy with distance. There is a larger but less distinct ray system farther to the northwest of Elvey, and these two systems criss-cross each other along a section of terrain containing Elvey.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Elvey.

title: Elvey (crater)


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/The mole sisters

by the way this was not a vanity page


text: User talk:69.110.102.122

title: User talk:69.110.102.122


text:
Michael Forrestall

John Michael William Curphey Forrestall (September 23, 1932 – June 8, 2006), known as Michael Forrestall, was a Canadian politician. Forrestall served in both the Senate of Canada and House of Commons of Canada.

Political career
A Nova Scotia journalist and businessman, Forrestall was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1965 federal election as the Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Halifax, Nova Scotia. He was elected the MP for Dartmouth—Halifax East in the 1968 election, and remained in the House for a total of twenty-three years.

During the Brian Mulroney government, Forrestall served as a parliamentary secretary to a succession of ministers until he was defeated in what was by then the riding of Dartmouth in the 1988 federal election. In November 1990, Prime Minister Mulroney appointed Forrestall to the Senate of Canada, where he sat as a Progressive Conservative until February 2004, when he and most of the Tory caucus joined the new Conservative Party of Canada. Forrestall was active on a number of causes, including benefits for Canadian Merchant Navy veterans and the protection of lighthouses.

In 2000, he introduced a Private Members Bill in the Senate Heritage Lighthouse Protection Act, a bill which was also supported by Senator Pat Carney who championed it after Forrestall's death and which is close to passing in the House of Commons in 2007. Forrestall's brother is the Canadian realist painter, Tom Forrestall; their sister Katherine was the mother of singer-songwriter Matthew Grimson.

Death
Forrestall died on June 8, 2006, at age 73; he had been admitted to a Halifax-area hospital with serious breathing problems five days earlier.

title: Michael Forrestall


text:
Talk:Howling Laud Hope

Untitled
I've had some problems with the piped links, due to my lack of experience. If someone could fix those up I'd be very grateful.

Ref
I could not find any references that he rose to be mayor and the date apart from this one. Would you please not delete to unless you can find something better. Rex the first talk

Cat Mandu/Mando
I have changed mentions of Cat Mandu to Cat Mando

At the time of video-biogging Hope in Fleet on Thursday (26 Aug) - the info-box pic is from the interview - he told me of one or two fairly uncontentious factual discrepances in the article - these corrected. But one error was the name of his cat; he mentioned that many commentators got it wrong - probably noting it down phonetically with a logical reference to "Katmandu". Although quite sanguine about it, Hope said that his pet's name was spelt "Cat Mando".

Acabashi (talk) 12:55, 28 August 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Howling Laud Hope


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Emden (crater)

Emden is a lunar impact crater that is located in the northern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon. It is named after Jacob Robert Emden (1862-1940).

The crater lies to the northwest of the larger crater Rowland, and to the east-northeast of Tikhov. It has been heavily damaged by subsequent impacts, leaving the rim worn and irregular and the interior partly covered by craters. The western half of the rim in particular is heavily damaged, with almost the entire edge and inner wall covered by overlapping craters. The most prominent of these is a crater along the southern wall. There is a merged crater pair on the western part of the interior floor and a joined crater pair on the northeast floor. The most intact area of floor is in the southeast, although even here the surface is pitted by multiple tiny craterlets.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Emden.

title: Emden (crater)


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Urgench

Urgench (Urganch/Урганч/اورگنج, ; Ургенч;, Gorgånch/Gorgānč/Gorgânc/Gurganj) is a district-level city in western Uzbekistan. It is the capital of Xorazm Region. The estimated population of Urgench in 2021 was 145,000, an increase from 139,100 in 1999. It lies on the Amu Darya River and the Shavat canal. The city is situated 450 km west of Bukhara across the Kyzylkum Desert.

History
The history of the city goes back to the second half of the 19th century. The city should not be confused with the similarly named city of Konye-Urgench (also known as "Old Urgench" or "Gurgench") in Turkmenistan. The city of Old Urgench was left after the Amu Darya river changed its course in the 16th century, leaving the old town without water. New Urgench was founded by Russians in the second half of the 19th century at the site of a little trade station of the Khanate of Khiva.

Modern Urgench is a Soviet-style city with cotton motifs adorning many objects, from street lights to apartment houses. Of note is a monument to the twenty Komsomol members killed by Tekke basmachi on the banks of the Syr Darya in 1922, and a large statue to Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, the 9th century local mathematician who revolutionised algebra, outside the Hotel Urgench. Urgench is the main gateway for tourists to Khiva, 35 km to the southeast, whose old city, known as Itchan Kala, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The Polish singer Anna German was born in Urgench in 1936.

Geography
The city is located 968 kilometers west of Tashkent, 6 kilometers west of the Amu Darya River's bank (at the Chalysh port) along the Shavkat Canal.

Infrastructure
In the city, there are factories for various purposes, including those producing forage harvesters, cotton cleaning machines, oil extraction, repair excavators, and tire repair. There are also silk and sewing factories and the production of construction materials has been established. Additionally, the Museum of Contemporary Art of Uzbekistan is in operation.

Transport
The city has a railway station on the Turkmenabat - Beyneu railway line. Urban transportation in Urgench includes buses, trolleybuses, and minibus taxis. There is a unique trolleybus line between Urgench and Khiva, which is unusual for Central Asia. The Urgench Airport holds international status and is capable of accommodating all types of passenger aircraft. Regular flights operate to destinations including Tashkent, Moscow (Uzbekistan Airways, Siberia Airlines), Saint Petersburg, Paris, Rome, and Milan, as well as charter flights for tourists.

Culture
In 1999, the 800th anniversary of Jalaluddin Manguberdi was celebrated in the city, and in 2001, the 2700th anniversary of the creation of the "Avesto" book was commemorated on an international scale. In 2003, a number of major sports facilities were built in the city for the Republic Sports Competitions "Umid Nihollari" held in Khorezm. Tourism has developed, especially in connection with ancient Khiva. The local and foreign visitors are served by the "O'zbekiston Turizm" company's branch, as well as the "Jaykhun," "Khorezm Palace," and "Avesto" hotels.

Media
In the city, there are 27 newspapers and magazines published, including "Xorazm Haqiqati," "Urganch Oqshomi," "Yoshlar Ovozi," "Tujjor," and others.

title: Urgench


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Battle of May Island

The Battle of May Island is the name given to the series of accidents that occurred during Operation E.C.1 in 1918. Named after the Isle of May, a nearby island in the Firth of Forth, the "battle" consisted of a disastrous series of accidents amongst Royal Navy vessels on their way from Rosyth, Scotland, to fleet exercises in the North Sea. On the misty night of 31 January–1 February 1918, five collisions occurred between eight vessels. Two K-class submarines were lost and four other submarines and a light cruiser were damaged. 105 British sailors in total died in the accidents.

Nomenclature
The use of Battle for the events is an example of black humour. Although it took place during the First World War, no enemy forces were present and the losses were entirely accidental.

Operation E.C.1
On the afternoon of 31 January 1918, around forty naval vessels left Rosyth on the Firth of Forth, Scotland, bound for Scapa Flow in Orkney where exercises involving the entire Grand Fleet would take place the following day. The vessels included the 5th Battle Squadron of three battleships with their destroyer escorts, the 2nd Battlecruiser Squadron of four battlecruisers and their destroyers, two cruisers and two flotillas of K-class submarines each led by a surface warship. The K-class submarines, specially designed to operate with a battle fleet, were large boats for their time, at 339 ft long. The submarines were powered by steam turbines to allow them to travel at 24 knots on the surface to keep up with their fleet.

The two flotillas were the 12th Submarine Flotilla, consisting of HMS K3, HMS K4, HMS K6 and HMS K7, led by Captain Charles Little in the light cruiser HMS Fearless, and the 13th Submarine Flotilla, consisting of HMS K11, HMS K12, HMS K14, HMS K17 and HMS K22, led by Commander Ernest William Leir in the destroyer HMS Ithuriel. Vice Admiral Beatty had moved the 12th and 13th flotillas of K-class submarines in December 1917 from Scapa Flow to Rosyth in order to ensure that they were in a better strategic location from which to undertake operations.

Timeline
At 18:30 hours the vessels weighed anchor, and the entire fleet under the command of Vice Admiral Sir Hugh Evan-Thomas in the battlecruiser HMS Courageous steamed in a single line nearly 30 mi long. At the head of the line was the Courageous, followed by Ithuriel leading the rest of the 13th Submarine Flotilla. Several miles behind them was the battlecruiser squadron containing HMAS Australia, HMS New Zealand, Indomitable and Inflexible with their destroyers. After these came the 12th Submarine Flotilla and bringing up the rear were three battleships, which were accompanied by a number of screening destroyers. The initial speed was 16 knots, but Evan-Thomas had ordered his forces to increase speed to 22 knots when they passed the Isle of May, which lay just at the entrance to the Forth estuary.

All vessels were ordered to sail astern of each other, 400 yd apart. To avoid attracting German U-boats, particularly as one was suspected to be in the area, after dark each vessel showed only a dim blue stern light accompanied by black-out shields that restricted the lights to one compass point either side of the boats' centre line, and they also were all instructed to maintain radio silence.

The night was clear and the seas relatively calm, but the moon had not yet come up. As each group passed the Isle of May at the mouth of the firth, they altered course and increased speed to 20 knots.

At approximately 19:00 hours, Courageous passed the Isle of May and increased speed, just as a low-lying bank of mist settled over the sea. As the 13th Submarine Flotilla passed the island, a pair of lights (possibly minesweeping naval trawlers) were seen approaching the line of submarines. The flotilla altered course sharply to port to avoid them, but the helm of the third-in-line K14 jammed for six minutes and she veered out of line. Both K14 and the boat behind her, K12 turned on their navigation lights. Eventually K14 's helm was freed and she tried to return to her position in the line. The next submarine in line, K22, had lost sight of the rest of the flotilla in the mist and veered off the line, with the result that she hit K14 at 19:17 hours, severing the bow and breaching the forward mess deck, where two men were killed. Both stricken submarines stopped and carefully pulled themselves apart whilst the rest of the flotilla, unaware of what had happened, continued out to sea.

K22 radioed in code to the cruiser leading the flotilla to say that she could reach port but that K14 was crippled and sinking.

About fifteen minutes later, the 2nd Battlecruiser Squadron passed the island and the two submarines. The captain of K22 ordered the firing of a red Very light, which ensured three of the four battlecruisers were able to avoid both submarines. However, the battlecruiser Inflexible bringing up the rear struck K22 a glancing blow at 19:43 hours before continuing on her way. The impact bent the first 30 ft of the bow of K22 at right angles and wrecked the ballast and fuel tanks, and she settled by the bow until only the conning tower showed.

Meanwhile, Leir, captain of Ithuriel, had received and decoded the message about the first collision between the two submarines and turned back to help them. Leir sent an encoded message to the flag officer on Australia at 20:40 hours, warning them of what was happening. "Submarines K-12 and K-22 have been in collision and are holed forward. I am proceeding to their assistance with 13th Submarine Flotilla. Position 18 miles east magnetic from May Island".

This could have made a difference and prevented the loss of at least some of those in the water, except that the primitive technology of the time meant that transmission was delayed until 21:20. The submarines behind Ithuriel turned to follow her, and the flotilla headed back towards the 2nd Battlecruiser Squadron, which then passed through the flotilla. It was only through emergency turns by both groups of vessels that further accidents were narrowly avoided.

Upon hearing the sirens from Fearless which signalled that she had stopped, K4 also came to a stop, but the trailing boats did not. K3 narrowly missed K4 and then stopped three cables further on, but K6, despite going full astern, could not avoid a collision, ramming the broadside of K4 and nearly cutting the latter in half. The seriously damaged K4 sank with all of her crew; while going down, she was hit by K7.

As the 13th Flotilla reached the Isle of May, they encountered the outbound 12th Submarine Flotilla. Fearless, the leader of the 12th Flotilla, was moving at full speed, and rammed the K17, damaging Fearless' bow, and sinking the K17 in eight minutes.

At this point the 5th Battle Squadron of three battleships and their destroyers passed through the area, unaware of what had happened, with some of the destroyers cutting down the survivors of K17 struggling in the water. Only nine of the 56 men originally on board the submarine survived, and one of these died of his injuries shortly afterwards. A total of 48 men from K17's crew were lost.

Within 75 minutes, two submarines had sunk, three had been badly damaged, and 105 men had been killed.

K14 was taken in tow by HMS Venetia and reached port.

Aftermath
A total of 104 lives were lost during the "Battle of May Island"; 55 from K4, 47 from K17, and two from K14.

The subsequent hastily convened Court of Inquiry began on 5 February 1918 and sat for five days. The Court of Inquiry released its final report on 19 February 1918, in which it placed the blame for the incident on Leir and four officers on the K boats. They recommended that Leir be court martialled. The case of negligence against Leir for the loss of K-17 was "not proved". Both the investigation and court martial were kept quiet, with much of the information not released until 1994.

A memorial cairn was erected 84 years later, on 31 January 2002, at Anstruther harbour opposite the Isle of May. The Submariners' Association holds an annual commemorative service to honour the loss of life.

Wrecks
In 2011, surveyors conducting a detailed preparatory survey of the sea floor for the Neart Na Gaoithe offshore wind farm published sonar images of the wrecks of the two submarines, K-4 and K-17, sunk during the accident. The site of the two sunken submarines, 100 metres apart and about 50 metres down, has long been known, but the wrecks have now been officially surveyed by divers from the specialist marine consultants EMU.

title: Battle of May Island


text:
Cal McVey

Calvin Alexander McVey (August 30, 1849 – August 20, 1926) was an American professional baseball player during the 1860s and 1870s. McVey's importance to the game stems from his play on two of the earliest professional baseball teams, the original Cincinnati Red Stockings and the National Association Boston Red Stockings. He also played on the inaugural National League pennant-winning team, the 1876 Chicago White Stockings.

Career
Cal McVey was born in rural Montrose, Iowa and moved to Indianapolis at 11, where he learned baseball and soon excelled at the game, playing for the Western and Active clubs in the National Association of Base Ball Players (NABBP). With McVey usually pitching, the Actives in 1868 defeated local rivals, lost to the three strong Eastern teams that toured the West, and won one game in six against Cincinnati teams. Despite a lopsided 7–54 defeat by the Cincinnati Red Stockings, that club later hired him to play in 1869 for $700 and he served as the regular right fielder for both of its storied seasons.

The Cincinnati Daily Times described Cal McVey in this way: "He is powerfully built, with broad shoulders and barrel chest...handsome though shy, and is a favorite of the ladies. He is very conscientious and a hard worker...a good fielder, but his strength is with the ash in his hands...he is a long...good thrower...and he doesn't drink."

McVey was in the middle of the most controversial game of the Red Stockings' reported 84-game winning streak in 1869 and 1870. Playing the Troy Haymakers, with the game tied 17–17, McVey fouled off a pitch the catcher claimed to have caught on the first bounce. That would have been an out but the umpire disagreed. In the ensuing argument, Troy left the field and the game was awarded to Cincinnati on forfeit.

With the Red Stockings going out of business, manager Harry Wright signed to organize and lead a team in Boston. He hired McVey, Charlie Gould, and George Wright to join him, composing almost half the team that just missed winning the first National Association pennant. With some personnel changes, the Boston Red Stockings won the other four NA pennants, dominating so severely in 1875 that they helped provoke a new league. McVey served Boston two seasons as the first catcher, otherwise in the outfield, followed by one season managing in Baltimore and two more seasons in Boston as an outfielder and second catcher. He has the NA record for most career runs batted in (276).

During the summer of 1875, Boston's four Western stars agreed to play the following season for the Chicago White Stockings: McVey, Deacon White, Ross Barnes, and Albert Spalding. Partly because the rules forbade such tampering, Chicago led the founding of a new National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs (NL). The Big Four and Cap Anson led the team to an easy win on the field, with McVey serving as regular first baseman, second pitcher to Spalding, and second catcher to White. Few pieces remained in place for the second season, when McVey worked as first catcher and second pitcher and the team slumped out of the picture. On July 22 and 25, 1876, McVey became the only player in MLB history to record six hits in two straight games.

In 1878, McVey returned to Cincinnati where he completed his major league career in two seasons as manager and infielder. The Cincinnati Reds finished a close second in his first year but slipped to fifth in 1879 (.538) ahead of only three new teams. The reserve rule was adopted that fall, maybe a factor in his move to California, which he had visited on the 1869 Red Stockings tour. He was still a star batsman at the major league level.

In San Francisco during the 1880s, McVey played for, managed, or organized several teams. He retired there and died in 1926 at age 76. His body was cremated.

title: Cal McVey


text:
Talk:Suicide methods

Suicide Helplines
I know that wikipedia believes that people have the right to search everything and I am for that. However, I think it would be best to at least show at the top a suicide prevention hotline warning. People who are searching for this may be conspiring to end their lives and we should do the best we can to stop that. 177.18.225.191 (talk) 16:40, 23 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Yes please do this. I am in a dark place and this article is not helping. 172.92.9.6 (talk) 05:26, 22 May 2023 (UTC)
 * This has been discussed countless times before and the consensus was to not display the hotline on the article itself. However, the talk page contains various resources. It has also shown that most people arrive here through a search engine, which will most likely already contain hotlines/resources. -- ChamithN   (talk)  07:38, 23 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Agree with IPs 177 and 172. And I don’t think we should use old consensus to suppress / deny (the formation of) new consensus. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 01:07, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Agree with IPs 177 and 172. And I don’t think we should use old consensus to suppress / deny (the formation of) new consensus. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 01:07, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Agree with IPs 177 and 172. And I don’t think we should use old consensus to suppress / deny (the formation of) new consensus. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 01:07, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

If you feel you may physically harm yourself, or others: Click here for a list of crisis support resources. Kolya Butternut (talk) 18:09, 26 June 2022 (UTC)

Why is there no help line provided
There should be a help line provided at top of this Wikipedia site 2003:C6:3F2A:ED00:5D7A:A8F0:A38B:1E8A (talk) 02:41, 25 February 2023 (UTC)

 * There is a link at the top of this page, where it says "The Wikimedia Foundation's Trust and Safety team maintains a list of crisis support resources."
 * Additionally, it looks like 95% of people who arrive at this page are coming from web search engines, which means they have likely seen a message about their local crisis line(s) in the last few seconds. WhatamIdoing (talk) 06:53, 25 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, they may have seen a message with one telephone number, but our list has much more detail and is more comprehensive. It offers more than one number for each place (and some numbers maybe specific for different people, e.g., youths, pregnant women, drug abusers, victims of violence, etc.). Further, a sad truth is that, in some places, the local crisis line returned by search engines is usually busy. It’s just a recording machine with no one answering the calls. It’s important to show people the other numbers. -- Dustfreeworld  (talk) 16:20, 5 May 2024 (UTC); 02:56, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * BTW, for those who have concerns about the 988 suicide crisis line, from this report: “Some advocates and people who had experiences with the mental health system took to social media to voice concerns about 988 and warn people not to call it”.
 * But that NPR report also found that:
 * 988 cannot geolocate callers
 * the person who authored the Instagram post calling 988 "not friendly" hadn't called the hotline herself.
 * ”Only when the caller cannot or will not collaborate on a safety plan and the counselor feels the caller will harm themselves imminently should emergency services be called, according to the hotline's policy.”
 * P.S. The WMF list of resources is missing information for some places. Also, I can’t see it showing up on the top (or is it just me?) -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 16:32, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Ok I see the WMF list of resources now. It’s hidden in the “sea of boxes”. And I thought you meant it’s on the top of the article too, but I misread.. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 05:03, 10 May 2024 (UTC)
 * 988 -beefbaby182 (talk) 22:12, 4 September 2023 (UTC)
 * You are right. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 01:09, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * You are right. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 01:09, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

Typo on number of deaths
Under List > Pesticide, it says in US pesticides are used in about 12 suicides. Based on the cited source information, I believe 12 million was meant. 172.102.168.219 (talk) 03:19, 11 April 2023 (UTC)

 * Please elucidate. Suicide by pesticide is very rare in the US; it's far more common elsewhere. --jpgordon𝄢𝄆𝄐𝄇 03:47, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * There can't possibly be 12 million suicides by pesticide each year in the US; there are only 3.5 million deaths each year in the US, and only 0.05 million of them are any kind of suicide. WhatamIdoing (talk) 05:16, 25 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I just stumbled across this comment and I must say I’m baffled by the assertion that more people than the population of New York City are deliberately killing themselves with pesticides. Dronebogus (talk) 17:17, 25 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Not in the United States, no. "Pesticide ingestion is one of the most common methods of suicide worldwide. It is responsible for an estimated 14 million deaths since the Green Revolution in the 1960s, when pesticides became widely used in small-scale farming." The Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention --jpgordon𝄢𝄆𝄐𝄇 18:31, 25 July 2023 (UTC)

WP:WEIGHT, WP:BALANCE and general WP:NPOV issues
The article's primary topic is suicide methods, but there is too much unnecessary covering on prevention, which should be on the suicide prevention article instead. Also, there is no need to have a purpose of study section to "justify" the article; if there are enough reliable sources on the topic etc it already passes notability criteria. The "List" section should be at the top as well.. Yhyhyy (talk) 10:00, 21 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Part of writing an encyclopedia article is to provide the reader with context for the article. I think that understanding why academics care about this particular niche helps people understand the subject.   WhatamIdoing (talk) 22:12, 21 October 2023 (UTC)
 * The way the article is written, including the lead section, is covering a topic that is not primary topic for Suicide Methods. It is covering wider aspects of suicide, and not suicide method per se. The "purpose of study" is NPOV, as it is biased towards prevention itself, little to do with suicide methods.
 * On the first paragraph on the lead section, only the first sentence describe suicide methods. And then, its third paragraph is again on suicide prevention. This article, as it is today (differently from years ago), clearly got censored (against WP:CENSOR) and biased towards suicide prevention (against WP:BALASP) instead of focusing describing the primary topic of the article, that is suicide methods, and NOT suicide prevention or suicidology. Yhyhyy (talk) 01:19, 23 October 2023 (UTC)
 * I moved some content to improve the article to cover what is actually WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. I would like to further reduce content on suicide prevention etc which is not topic of Suicide Methods, and move such content to their respective articles. Yhyhyy (talk) 01:29, 23 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Why do you think Disambiguation is relevant? This is not a disambiguation page. WhatamIdoing (talk) 03:26, 23 October 2023 (UTC)

We have to be cognisant that descriptions of suicide methods encourage suicide, and Wikipedia, while seeking to be an unbiased encyclopaedia, should not be encouraging what is usually a mental health problem. By couching discussion of suicide methods within a wider context, we are literally saving lives. A bias towards prevention is a good thing. Bondegezou (talk) 11:05, 23 October 2023 (UTC)
 * What are your sources, data and statistics on "descriptions of suicide methods encourage suicide"? On Derek Humphry's "Final Exit" 2020 edition page 13, it clearly states "Fortunately, only a tiny portion of Americans commit suicide - approximately 31,000 a year out of an annual death rate of 2,250,000. That statistic has not increased since the publication of this book,". "The Peaceful Pill Hankbook" by Dr Philip Nitschke and Dr Fiona Stewart also states "There has no rise in the suicide rate. Providing people with information does not incite or encourage people to die."Yhyhyy (talk) 00:24, 5 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I don't believe either of the two books you cite would meet WP:MEDRS criteria for being reliable. Indeed, Final Exit, as a book that provides information on suicide methods, clearly has an interest in saying this is not a problem. No, we should consider what the academic literature says instead.
 * Florentine & Crane (2010, ), a review article, wrote, "It is concluded that in appropriate contexts, where substitution is less likely to occur, and in conjunction with psychosocial prevention efforts, limitation of both physical and cognitive access to suicide can be an effective suicide prevention strategy." ("Cognitive access" here meaning "mainly with regard to the media in terms of providing access to technical information and sensational or inaccurate portrayals of suicide.)
 * Gunnell et al. (2012, ), a primary study, found, "Easy access to information about suicide methods and pro-suicide web sites on the Internet appears to contribute to a small but significant proportion of suicides."
 * Eriksen et al. (2020, ), a primary study, begins, "Information on methods of suicide is available online, and access to information on methods of suicide appears to contribute to a small but significant proportion of suicides." Bondegezou (talk) 11:45, 5 December 2023 (UTC)
 * On the other hand, attempts to sustain ignorance are fundamentally disrespectful of human ingenuity, and counterproductive because they deny information to the majority of the population who are socially responsible and use such information to identify individuals at risk and take appropriate corrective actions. Thewellman (talk) 18:36, 5 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I think of this from a completely different angle: There have already been nine failed attempts to get this article deleted.  Whether any given editor likes it or doesn't, we seem to be stuck with it.  Therefore, we should write the most encyclopedic, policy-compliant article we can.
 * IMO that means, among other things, that it must not be written like a how-to guide, that it must provide context for the reader (e.g., why specific methods matter in the real world, how specific methods connect to suicide prevention), and that it must not express unencyclopedic viewpoints (e.g., by promoting any specific method as "best" or "good", by omitting ugly facts like pain and vomiting, or even by endorsing the idea of suicide).
 * (Also, the numbers that book are wrong. In 2020, about 46,000 Americans killed themselves.  Compared to 31,000, that's about a 50% increase, though there's no particular reason to blame the change on the book.) WhatamIdoing (talk) 01:24, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Alright, I now notice the sources I gave are biased and hardly scientific, and after learning more about, I conclude that detailed descriptions of suicide can influence on people's behavior towards suicide, and thus shall be avoid. But I still think it is an issue that this article does not follow Wikipedia standards of encyclopedic article, against WP:NPOV (note that WP:NPOV "is non-negotiable, and the principles upon which it is based cannot be superseded by other policies or guidelines, nor by editor consensus") and WP:CENSOR. I edited the article to better suit those policies, but it was reverted without clarification on how this in agreement with NPOV. I believe suicide prevention on this article should be done differently, for example having a banner or similar warning users to seek professional support and hotlines in case of suicidal ideation Yhyhyy (talk) 18:51, 12 December 2023 (UTC)
 * "Neutral" is our wiki-jargon for an article that fairly and proportionately represents the viewpoints of high-quality sources. To give two made-up examples:
 * All the historians say X, and some political campaigns in one country say Y: The article is neutral when it says X.  The article is non-neutral if it says X and Y.
 * Half the economists say A, and half the economists say B: The article is neutral when it says A and B.  The article is non-neutral if it picks either side.
 * In what way do you think this article presents something different from what you would get if you read the medical literature?
 * If you're not familiar with the medical literature, then here are a couple of high-quality recent sources you could look at:  and . WhatamIdoing (talk) 20:09, 12 December 2023 (UTC)
 * About the claim that "Providing people with information does not incite or encourage people to die": It's probably more complicated than that.
 * I read https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-11-30/dead-at-16 the other day, and it sounds like there are two competing things, both of which are simultaneously true: talking about suicide to a typical person does not prompt suicidal thoughts, but talking about specific deaths can sometimes trigger Suicide contagion, especially in already-vulnerable teens/young adults who have a small connection with the deceased.  My overall takeaway from the article is that Postvention is hard (and our article on it needs a lot of work), but the smaller one is this:  It is probably not true that you can provide just anybody with any information without anyone ever being harmed.  It's probably safe to provide the information (as this article does, and IMO should) that the three most prevalent methods are hanging, pesticides, and firearms, but it may not be safe to say to just anyone "Hey, you remember that girl in your English class last year?  Well, let me tell you all the details about her death..." WhatamIdoing (talk) 01:36, 6 December 2023 (UTC)

Edit Request
The original:

A drug overdose involves taking a dose of a drug that exceeds safe levels. In the UK (England and Wales) until 2013, a drug overdose was the most common suicide method in females. In 2019 in males the percentage is 16%. Self-poisoning accounts for the highest number of non-fatal suicide attempts. In the United States about 60% of suicide attempts and 14% of suicide deaths involve drug overdoses. The risk of death in suicide attempts involving overdose is about 2%.[verification needed]

Edit: A drug overdose involves taking a dosage of a drug or drugs that exceeds safe levels. In the UK, in 2013, drug overdose was the most common suicide method among women. For men, as of 2019, the rate was 16%. In the United States, about 60% of suicide attempts and 14% of suicide deaths involve drug overdoses. Self-poisoning accounts for the highest number of non-fatal suicide attempts. The risk of death in an overdose related suicide attempt is around 2%.[verification needed]

There are a number of grammatical issues in the current edit. Dstryker120 (talk) 23:50, 6 February 2024 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure about this. I understand that dose, in its more technical use, is only how much of a drug ("500 mg"), and dosage includes how often it is given ("500 mg twice a day for two weeks").  See https://www.goodrx.com/drugs/medication-basics/pharmacy-medical-glossary#d
 * If memory serves, the UK source doesn't include Scotland or Northern Ireland. If my memory is correct, then we might need to mention that.  It'd be better to find a more up to date source, though. WhatamIdoing (talk) 20:08, 13 February 2024 (UTC)

Discussion notice
There is currently a discussion at Village pump (proposals) regarding the use of suicide crisis telephone numbers. The thread is Suicide hotlines. Thank you. TheSpacebook (talk) 21:00, 18 April 2024 (UTC)

Lead image
@Dustfreeworld put this image in the lead about two weeks ago. @Wound theology removed it today.

I wonder whether this article should have a lead image at all. I thought Dustfreeworld's placement of the firearm-specific Manet painting in the ===Shooting=== section was a good choice. WhatamIdoing (talk) 21:40, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

 * I don't think a suicide crisis line for N America is going to fly. A montage of crisis lines for several countries might work, but might still be problematic.
 * I don't mind the Manet painting in the lead. Bondegezou (talk) 21:44, 2 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I don't mind the painting either way, but I'm thinking that if we have artwork depicting hanging in ===Hanging=== and drowining in ===Drowning===, then we should probably have shooting in ===Shooting=== instead of in the lead. Worldwide, shooting is not the most common method, so it doesn't make sense to me to elevate that one (I mean that literally:  putting it "above" the rest of the article). WhatamIdoing (talk) 15:52, 3 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Looking back in the history of the page, I am not the first to remove it, many other users have reverted the crisis lifeline in the lead. It's clear that this is a work-around for the "have a suicide disclaimer on pages!" that has no consensus and is currently being debated. wound theology  ◈  06:32, 3 May 2024 (UTC)
 * You may be right about the motivation. I think the images of the ads for the method-specific crisis lines in ===Jumping=== are very relevant to the article, but I'm not sure that a general line is relevant to any particular method.  I think it could, however, be placed in Suicide methods, with a caption like "When when news organizations report on suicide-related events, media guidelines encourage them to provide information about local suicide crisis phone numbers, such as this number for North America." WhatamIdoing (talk) 16:00, 3 May 2024 (UTC)
 * @WhatamIdoing; “I'm not sure that a general line is relevant to any particular method” You are right. That’s why it belongs to the lead. -- Dustfreeworld  (talk) 18:46, 3 May 2024 (UTC)
 * What kind of caption would you give it, to show a clear connection to suicide methods? WhatamIdoing (talk) 00:56, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * See https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suicide_methods&diff=prev&oldid=1222207513 -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 15:59, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * That’s a combination of the text from 988 (telephone number) and the caption you proposed above. So thanks for posting that. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 16:37, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I have no objection to placing the image in "Media reporting." Images are for illustration, not urging people who might be suicidal to seek help. wound theology  ◈  10:39, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I don’t think the image I added is “urging people to seek help” as you said. Both the image and its caption aren’t. What you said is simply untrue. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 15:30, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 12:17, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Now that it’s very clear that everyone in this discussion agree that we can have the suicide crisis line image in the Media reporting section, I’ve added that to the article (the page has a high page view that's almost 8000 per day. Their lives are precious and shouldn't face higher risk because of the time wasted here). Thanks. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 12:25, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * It is comments like these that make it obvious you are adding this image not for illustrative purposes, but in order to right great wrongs. We are an encyclopedia, not a repository of resources for at-risk people. wound theology  ◈  18:45, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Please stop commenting on my comments. It’s this kind of comments that ___. Also, please don’t comment on other editors, focus on content instead. Thanks.
 * It’s not “right great wrongs” as you said. It’s because Wikipedia is an encyclopaedia, which is not supposed to “be evil” (“wrong great rights”) by providing people with readily available / easily accessible information on how to kill themselves while hiding helpful relevant information somewhere else. This article is far from “repository of resources” for at-risk people as you said. Instead, it’s lacking that crisis lines information (especially before my recent edits), and that information had been deliberately removed repeatedly by editors like you.
 * We aren’t “urging” them to seek help. How do you know that 100% of the people who come to the article 100% don’t want the information of suicide crisis helplines? Aside, I can tell you personally that long long time ago I’d tried searching for counselling hotlines but couldn’t find what I want at Wikipedia, but did find a lot of information about suicide/ suicide methods instead.
 * We aren’t “urging” them to seek help. We just show an option by providing the information, while at the same time following strictly to our core policies WP:NPOV, which states that:
 * “..a neutral point of view (NPOV), which means representing fairly, proportionately, and, as far as possible, without editorial bias, all the significant views..”
 * That means, omitting the suicide crisis lines information *is* a violation of our policy. Not to mention that Wikipedia is not a how-to guide.
 * As you said, “we are an encyclopaedia”, not a repository of information for killing oneself.
 * Further, the lead is a summary of the whole article, if you agree that a particular suicide method can have an image about the crisis lines specific to that method, you should also agree that the lead has an image of the general line. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 00:29, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * It’s double standard that you don’t object to the left edit below (to the Media reporting section) while you strongly oppose to the edit on the right (to the lead):
 * It’s double standard that you don’t object to the left edit below (to the Media reporting section) while you strongly oppose to the edit on the right (to the lead):

 * While the caption on the right is adjusted based on text copied from 988 (telephone number), which obviously shows the relationship between suicide crisis lines and suicide methods, and that crisis line is one of the significant view related to suicide methods, and should be included to the lead per WP:NPOV. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 00:40, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * First (and again,) you do not understand what a personal attack is according to Wikipedia policy. Second, WP:NPOV means neutral editing, not neutral content. Third, the page is not a WP:HOWTO guide as it stands, and placing hotline information to "balance" the page would not actually solve the issue of the page being a HOWTO guide. Fourth, there is not "point of view" to even speak of here; it's a page about methods people use to off themselves, not a discussion of why suicide is good or bad. wound theology  ◈  19:58, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I don’t agree, but I don’t have time for the discussion now. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 04:59, 10 May 2024 (UTC)
 * @Wound theology. “...many other users have reverted the crisis lifeline in the lead”
 * What does that mean? That means:
 * many users have *added* the crisis lifeline in the lead.
 * And I’m one of them; again. Please see my edit summaries. Thanks. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 16:49, 3 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I'm mainly referring to being pinged here; there is a rough consensus among editors that a suicide hotline is out of place. wound theology  ◈  10:36, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I was not asking what do *you* mean. I’m stating what you’ve actually implied. As I’ve said, “many users have *added* the crisis lifeline in the lead.” I don’t see any “out of place” “rough consensus” as you said. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 15:17, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * As for your edit summaries: WP:NOTHOWTO does not apply, because the page does not give instructions how to commit suicide. Even if it did, a suicide hotline would not solve the problem. Arguably, WP:NOTHOWTO is contradictory to such an image in the lede, because we aren't teaching people how to get help either -- not to mention WP:NOTDIRECTORY. We're not whitepages. wound theology  ◈  10:42, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * You didn’t response to my edit summary about moving the firearm-specific image back to its own section. As another user already mentioned, there are many other types of suicide methods, and prevalent ones are different for different places. I told you twice already in my edit summaries that the image is undue for the lead. IMO repeatedly putting it back to the lead is a violation of our core policy. Let’s be honest. The whole page is about suicide methods, i.e., “how to commit suicide”. Without some balance, it will easily straying into that HOWTO territory. There’s why the article has been taken to AFD many times. Even you yourself said that “Even if it did”. If you think linking to a list of worldwide suicide hotlines won’t solve the problem, I don’t mind you bring the article to AFD again. BTW, I really don’t think just an image with a neutral description is “teaching” people to seek help as you said. I don’t think you cited WP:NOTDIRECTORY correctly. We are talking about adding one or two wikilink to an article, which in no way will turn it into a “directory”.-- Dustfreeworld  (talk) 15:28, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * It's not a firearm-specific image, it is one of the most famous depictions of suicide ever produced. You can say twice that it is "undue" for the lede, but that's wholly irrelevant here. It's for illustrative purposes.
 * You keep referencing HOWTO without clearly understanding what it means. Listing methods does not mean it is teaching people how to commit suicide -- it means listing the methods people use to commit suicide. With that being said, you can't argue on the one hand that this page is about how to commit suicide and it needs balance, while on the other hand stating that the hotline image is not how to get help (i.e., what would balance a HOWTO article on suicide.)
 * Lastly, stop using comments as you are. Listing a bunch of random policies, some of which don't even apply, and saying "do not remove this because policy says so!" is wholly inappropriate, especially for something like this which is controversial and currently under discussion. Leave the article as it is according to the BOLD, revert, discuss cycle. wound theology  ◈  04:14, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Please stop making the untrue claims. Also, I don’t think you have followed BRD. You removed the content that me and another user added (they changed the caption), which had stood for about two weeks, without starting any discussion beforehand or after being reverted. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 01:00, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Agree, of course. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 15:56, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Agree, of course. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 15:56, 4 May 2024 (UTC)

I think we do have to be sensitive to Wikipedia guidance, like WP:NOTDIRECTORY, but I am also happier to WP:IAR here than practically anywhere else on Wikipedia given that we know information about suicide methods, depictions of suicide and provision of support for people feeling suicidal all have very real world impacts on people’s lives. I like ’s thinking above. Bondegezou (talk) 12:45, 4 May 2024 (UTC)

 * This is something currently being discussed and there is no clear consensus yet. wound theology  ◈  13:13, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Sometimes you said “no consensus”, sometimes you said “rough consensus”, so that’s completely “at your discretion”. If you want to discuss the definition of consensus this doesn’t seem to be the right venue. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 15:20, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * There is no consensus for adding the hotline image to the lede. There is a rough consensus, according to the edit history of the page, against doing so. wound theology  ◈  04:18, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * That’s your personal opinion only. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 01:02, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes, I know this is something currently being. That was me contributing to the discussion! Bondegezou (talk) 10:18, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Totally agree. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 15:53, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Would it be possible to find an image that depicts a suicide method, but also depicts something being done to minimise suicide? I'm sure others can do better, but I found:
 * Would it be possible to find an image that depicts a suicide method, but also depicts something being done to minimise suicide? I'm sure others can do better, but I found:

Bondegezou (talk) 10:18, 5 May 2024 (UTC)

 * Any of these are fine. I'm not opposed to showing an of suicide prevention signs for illustration purposes, I'm opposed to  signs on the article.  wound theology  ◈  11:28, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks Bondegezou, I like what you’ve found and have added it to the article :-)
 * P.S. Wound theology, IMO you’re edit warring because of this. I think my notes for editors are *very* appropriate. -- Dustfreeworld  (talk) 17:25, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Edit warring does not apply to flagrant violations of policy. Attempting to stop others from editing, or from removing something you think should be in the page, with comments that state they would be in violation of policy for doing so, is one such flagrant violation. This is why these comments are incredibly inappropriate: you do not get to decide what other editors cannot remove if they see fit. If you feel I am edit warring, then make a report at Administrators' noticeboard/Edit warring. wound theology  ◈  18:43, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * My notes for editors is a reminder to others of our core policies. IMO your comment above “Attempting to stop others from editing, or from removing adding something you think should not be in the page.. you do not get to decide what other editors cannot remove  add if they see fit”. Please stop commenting on other editors, focus on content instead. Thanks. -- Dustfreeworld  (talk) 01:03, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * You seem to have a fundamental misunderstanding about the core policies here. None of what I said was a personal attack, and your comments remain inappropriate. wound theology  ◈  08:25, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I don’t agree, but I don’t have time for the discussion now. -- Dustfreeworld (talk) 05:00, 10 May 2024 (UTC)

If we can move on from the distraction of the above dispute, I just wanted to say that I think the article is looking better now and would like to thank everyone who inputted into the discussion. Bondegezou (talk) 12:34, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

 * I agree. I think we've made some useful improvements.  Thank you to everyone who helped get us there. WhatamIdoing (talk) 19:43, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Suicide methods


text:
Carolus Sigonius

Carolus Sigonius (Carlo Sigonio or Sigone) (c. 1524 – 12 August 1584) was an Italian humanist, born in Modena.

Biography
Having studied Greek under the learned Franciscus Portus of Candia, he attended the philosophical schools of Bologna and Pavia. In 1545, he was elected professor of Greek in his native place in succession to Portus. In 1552, he was appointed to a professorship at Venice, which he exchanged for the chair of eloquence at Padua in 1560.

To this period of his life belongs a quarrel with Robortello, due to the publication by Sigonius of a treatise De nominibus Romanorum, in which he corrected several errors in a work of Robertelli on the same subject. The quarrel was patched up by the intervention of Cardinal Seripando (who purposely stopped on his way to the Council of Trent), but broke out again in 1562, when the two rivals found themselves colleagues at Padua. Sigonius, who was of a peaceful disposition, thereupon accepted (in 1563) a call to Bologna. He died in a country house purchased by him in the neighbourhood of Modena, in August 1584. The last year of his life was embittered by another literary dispute.

In 1583, Sigonius edited a manuscript purported to be the long-sought Consolatio by Cicero, written as a distraction from his grief at the death of his daughter Tullia. Published in Venice, it was based on a book found by an obscure bookseller, named Vianelli. Sigonius declared that, if not genuine, it was at least worthy of Cicero; those who held the opposite view (Antonio Riccoboni, Justus Lipsius, and others) asserted that Sigonius himself had written it with the object of deceiving the learned world, a charge which he explicitly denied. The original manuscript was never produced. The work is now universally regarded as a forgery, whoever may have been the author of it.

Works
Sigonius's reputation chiefly rests upon his publications on Greek and Roman antiquities, which may even now be consulted with advantage:
 * Fasti consulares (1550; new ed., Oxford, 1802), with commentary, from the regal period to Tiberius. This work is based on the lists. also called Fasti Capitolini, in which the some events of the history of Ancient Rome was set forth in chronological order, based upon some fragments of old bronze tablets dug up in 1547 on the site of the old Forum
 * an edition of Livy with the Scholia
 * De antiquo jure Romanorum, Italiae, provinciarum (1560) and De Romanae jurisprudentiae judiciis (1574)
 * De republica Atheniensium (1564) and De Atheniensium et Lacedaemoniorum temporibus (1565), the first well-arranged account of the constitution, history, and chronology of Athens and Sparta, with which may be mentioned a similar work on the religious, political, and military system of the Jews (De republica hebreorum).
 * De regno Italiae (1580), his history of the kingdom of Italy, from the invasion of the Lombards (568) to the end of the 13th century, forms a companion volume to the history of the western empire (De occidentali imperio, 1579) from Diocletian to its destruction.

In order to obtain material for these works, Sigonius consulted all the archives and family chronicles of Italy, and the public and private libraries, and the autograph manuscript of his De regno Italiae, containing all the preliminary studies and many documents not used in print, was discovered in the Ambrosian library of Milan.

At the request of Pope Gregory XIII, he undertook a project to write the history of the Christian Church, but did not live to complete the work. The most complete edition of his works is that by F. Argelati (Milan, 1732–1737), which contains his life by L.A. Muratori, a trustworthy authority for the biographer.

title: Carolus Sigonius


text: User talk:65.95.113.88

title: User talk:65.95.113.88


text:
William E. Kaufman

William E. Kaufman (born December 28, 1938) is an American Conservative rabbi, philosopher, theologian and author. His 1991 book, The Case for God, was perhaps the first book written on Jewish process theology.

Early life and education
Kaufman was born on December 28, 1938, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He is the son of the late Harry Kaufman and Elizabeth (Slodovsky) Kaufman. He was a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of the University of Pennsylvania in 1959 with an undergraduate major in philosophy. Kaufman was ordained as a rabbi by the Jewish Theological Seminary in 1964. He received his Ph.D. in philosophy from Boston University in 1971. He received a Doctor of Divinity honorary degree from the Jewish Theological Seminary in 1990.

Rabbinic career and personal life
From 1964–1967 he was assistant rabbi at Congregation Kehillath Israel in Brookline, Massachusetts. In 1967 he assumed the rabbinical post at Congregation B’nai Israel in Woonsocket, Rhode Island, where he served until 1980. From 1980 to 1982 he was rabbi at Congregation Agudas Achim in San Antonio, Texas. In 1982 he was installed as rabbi at Temple Beth El in Fall River, Massachusetts, where he served until his retirement in November 2005. Upon his retirement, he was named rabbi emeritus of Temple Beth El.

Kaufman is a member of the Rabbinical Assembly, the international rabbinical association of Conservative Judaism.

Kaufman married the former Nathalie Ann Levin of Brookline, Massachusetts in 1965. They have a son, Ari, a daughter, Beth, and four grandchildren: Maisie, Josephine (Josie), Gabriel and Ryan.

Works
Kaufman has published many articles in Judaism (quarterly journal), Conservative Judaism (quarterly journal), The Reconstructionist (quarterly journal), and The Jewish Spectator (quarterly journal.)

One of his projects has been to create a Jewish process theology, viewing Jewish theology through the panentheistic process philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead.

title: William E. Kaufman


text:
Pat Carroll

Patricia Ann Carroll (May 5, 1927 – July 30, 2022) was an American actress and comedian. Her most memorable role is as the voice of Ursula in The Little Mermaid. She made guest appearances in many popular television series including The Mary Tyler Moore Show, Laverne & Shirley, and ER; she also had a regular role on The Danny Thomas Show as Bunny Halper. Carroll was an Emmy, Drama Desk, and Grammy Award winner, as well as a Tony Award nominee.

Early life
Carroll was born in Shreveport, Louisiana, on May 5, 1927, to Maurice Clifton Carroll (d. 1963) and Kathryn Angela (née Meagher). Carroll's family moved to Los Angeles when she was five years old, and she soon began acting in local productions. She graduated from Immaculate Heart High School and attended Catholic University of America after enlisting in the United States Army as a civilian actress technician.

Career
Carroll began her acting career in 1947. She got her first acting credit as Lorelei Crawford in the 1948 film Hometown Girl. In 1952, she made her television debut in The Red Buttons Show. In 1955, her Broadway debut in Catch a Star! garnered her a nomination for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical. In 1956, Carroll won an Emmy Award for her work on Caesar's Hour. From 1961–1964, she was a regular on the sitcom Make Room for Daddy. She guest-starred in the drama anthology series The DuPont Show with June Allyson. She co-starred in the 1965 television production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella as "Prunella", one of the wicked stepsisters. Carroll also appeared on many variety shows of the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, such as The Steve Allen Show, The Danny Kaye Show, The Red Skelton Show, and The Carol Burnett Show.

In the late 1970s, Carroll's successful one-woman show, Gertrude Stein, Gertrude Stein, Gertrude Stein, by playwright Marty Martin, won several major theater awards; her recorded version won a 1980 Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word, Documentary or Drama.

In early 1976, Carroll was cast as Lily, the mother of Shirley Feeney, on the hit ABC situation comedy, Laverne & Shirley, in the episode "Mother Knows Worst". She portrayed Pearl Markowitz, the mother of Adam Arkin's character Lenny Markowitz, in the 1977 CBS situation comedy Busting Loose. In 1978, she made a guest appearance on The Love Boat. Her television roles in the 1980s included newspaper owner Hope Stinson on the syndicated The Ted Knight Show (formerly Too Close for Comfort) during its final season in 1986, and Gussie Holt, the mother of Suzanne Somers's lead character in the syndicated sitcom She's the Sheriff (1987–1989).

Starting in the late 1980s, Carroll took several voice-over roles for cartoons, including A Pup Named Scooby-Doo, Galaxy High, Foofur, and the film A Goofy Movie. On the series Pound Puppies, she had a regular role voicing Katrina Stoneheart. On two Garfield television specials (A Garfield Christmas and Garfield's Thanksgiving), she portrayed Jon's feisty grandmother. She also voiced the character of Granny in the 2005 re-release of Hayao Miyazaki's My Neighbor Totoro.

In 1989, Carroll portrayed the sea witch Ursula in Disney's The Little Mermaid and sang "Poor Unfortunate Souls". In interviews, Carroll referred to the role, her first as a villain, as one of the favorites of her career. She later reprised the role in other forms of media, including the Kingdom Hearts series of video games, the Little Mermaid television series, the Disney+ series The Wonderful World of Mickey Mouse, and various Disney theme parks attractions and shows, as well as voicing Ursula's sister Morgana in the direct-to-video sequel The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea.

Carroll also appeared on a variety of game shows including You Don't Say, To Tell the Truth, Match Game 73, Password All-Stars, I've Got a Secret, and The $10,000 Pyramid.

A member of the Actors Studio, she also enjoyed a successful career in the theater, appearing in numerous plays including productions of Our Town and Sophocles's Electra. In 1990, she starred in The Merry Wives of Windsor at the Shakespeare Theatre at the Folger in the role of Sir John Falstaff, a balding knight with whiskers.

When drama critic Frank Rich of The New York Times reviewed her performance in "Merry Wives", he wrote, "Her performance is a triumph from start to finish, and, I think, a particularly brave and moving one, with implications that go beyond this one production. Ms. Carroll and Mr. Kahn help revivify the argument that the right actresses can perform some of the great classic roles traditionally denied to women and make them their own. It's not a new argument, to be sure; female Hamlets stretch back into history. But what separates Ms. Carroll's Falstaff from some other similar casting experiments of late is that her performance exists to investigate a character rather than merely as ideological window dressing for a gimmicky production."

Personal life
Carroll married Lee Karsian in 1955 and they had three children, including actress Tara Karsian. The marriage ended in a divorce in 1976. In 1991, Carroll received an honorary doctorate from Siena College in Albany, New York. Carroll, a practicing Roman Catholic, cited that her religious views helped her to determine what projects to accept. She was a lifelong Republican as of 1992.

Hanna-Barbera lawsuit
In 1963, Carroll filed a $12,000 lawsuit against Hanna-Barbera for breach of contract, claiming that she had been cast and signed on to the role of Jane Jetson on The Jetsons. Morey Amsterdam, who alleged that he had been cast as George, was also a plaintiff in the same suit. Although her contracts stipulated she would be paid US$500 an episode with a guarantee of twenty-four episodes (i.e., a full season), she recorded only one episode before being replaced. Several sources claimed the change had occurred as a result of sponsor conflict with Carroll's work on Make Room for Daddy. The case had been closed by early 1965. Carroll stated in an interview in 2013 that the court had ruled in favor of Hanna-Barbera.

Death
Carroll died of pneumonia at her home in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, on July 30, 2022, at the age of 95.

Film

 * Source:

Television

 * The Red Buttons Show (1952–1953)
 * The Saturday Night Revue (1953)
 * Make Room for Daddy (1953)
 * The Pepsi-Cola Playhouse (1954)
 * Studio 57 (1954) – Sue
 * Caesar's Hour (1954) – Alice Brewster
 * Producers' Showcase (1955) – Gym teacher
 * Kraft Television Theatre (1955)
 * The Jimmy Durante Show (1955)
 * The Steve Allen Show (1958)
 * Hobby Lobby (1959)
 * General Electric Theater (1959) – Frances Dowd
 * The DuPont Show with June Allyson (1959) – Cherry
 * The Ann Sothern Show (1961) – Pandora
 * The Investigators (1961) – Blossom Taylor (episode "The Dead End Man")
 * The United States Steel Hour (1961)
 * The Danny Thomas Show (1961–1964) - Bunny Halper
 * The Red Skelton Show (1962)
 * Cinderella (1965) – Prunella
 * Please Don't Eat the Daisies (1966) – Carol Baker
 * The Carol Burnett Show (1971) – Herself; Two appearances in 1971 (Season 4, Episodes 16 and 23)
 * The Mary Tyler Moore Show (1971) – Loretta Kuhne
 * The Interns (1971) – Maria
 * Love, American Style (1970–1971)
 * Getting Together (1971–1972) – Rita Simon
 * Police Story (1974) – Mrs. Gail Bannister
 * Nakia (1974) – Belle Jones in episode "A Matter of Choice"
 * Laverne & Shirley (1976) – Lily Feeney
 * Good Heavens (1976) – Harriet
 * Busting Loose (1977) – Pearl Markowitz
 * Police Woman (1977) – Miriam Stein
 * The Love Boat (1978) – Muriel
 * Legends of the Superheroes (1979) – Esther Hall
 * Trapper John, M.D. (1985) – Aunt Mo
 * Crazy Like a Fox (1985)
 * Yogi's Treasure Hunt (1985) – Additional Voices
 * Pound Puppies (1986) – Katrina Stoneheart (voice)
 * Galaxy High School (1986) – Ms. Biddy McBrain (voice)
 * Foofur (1986–1987) – Hazel (voice)
 * Too Close for Comfort (1986–1987) – Mrs. Hope Stinson
 * A Garfield Christmas (1987) – Grandma (voice)
 * She's the Sheriff (1987–1989) – Gussie Holt
 * Superman (1988) – Queen Hippolyta (voice)
 * A Pup Named Scooby-Doo (1989) – Paula P. Casso (voice)
 * Garfield's Thanksgiving (1989) – Grandma (voice)
 * Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers (1990) – Koo-Koo (voice)
 * Designing Women (1993) – Mrs. Billie Beecham
 * The Little Mermaid (1993–1994) – Ursula (voice)
 * The Royale (1996) – Mildred Wak
 * House of Mouse (2001–2002) – Ursula (voice, 3 episodes)
 * ER (2005) – Rebecca Chadwick (3 episodes)
 * Tangled: The Series (2017–2018) – Old Lady Crowley (voice, short "Make Me Smile" and episodes "One Angry Princess", "Max's Enemy" and "Secret of the Sun Drop")
 * The Wonderful World of Mickey Mouse (2020) – Ursula (voice, episode "Keep on Rollin")

Video games

 * Kingdom Hearts (2002) – Ursula (voice)
 * Kingdom Hearts II (2005) – Ursula (voice)
 * Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance (2012) – Ursula (voice)
 * Disney Princess: My Fairytale Adventure (2012) – Ursula (voice)
 * Disney Dreamlight Valley (2023) – Ursula (voice; final role, released posthumously)

Theme parks

 * Fantasmic! - Ursula (voice)

title: Pat Carroll


text:
Maria Berger

Maria Berger (born 19 August 1956 in Perg, Upper Austria) is an Austrian politician and currently Judge at the European Court of Justice. She previously served as a Member of the European Parliament and Austria's Minister of Justice.

Education

 * Doctor of Law, Innsbruck University (1979)

Early career

 * University assistant (1979–1984)
 * Official at the Federal Ministry of Science and Research (1984–1988)
 * Head of the European Integration Department of the Federal Chancellor's Office (1989–1993)
 * Directorship post in the EFTA Surveillance Authority in Brussels (1993–1994)
 * Vice-President of the University of Krems (1995–1996)
 * Federal Chairman of the Young Generation in the SPÖ (1984–1987)
 * Member of the Land party committee of the SPÖ in Upper Austria (since 2004)

Political career
Berger was a Member of the European Parliament since 1996, interrupted by her tenure as Austrian Justice Minister (2007 – 2008). She was also the leader of the Social Democratic Party delegation which is part of the Party of European Socialists, and served on the European Parliament's Committee on Legal Affairs. On the committee, she served as her parliamentary group’s coordinator. In addition, she later also was a member of the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety and the parliament’s delegation to the ACP–EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly.

Berger was also a substitute for the Committee on Constitutional Affairs, a member of the delegation for relations with the countries of South Asia and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, and a substitute for the delegation for relations with Canada.

In January 2007 Berger was appointed as Justice Minister in the government of Alfred Gusenbauer as Chancellor of Austria. After leaving office in December 2008 she returned to serve in the European Parliament till July 2009. Since October 2009 she is a member of the European Court of Justice.

Recognition

 * Honorary medal of the International Mauthausen Committee, National Order of the Republic of Lithuania

title: Maria Berger


text:
User:CBryant215

For creating a User name in imitation of User:Chadbryant in order to vandalise his User page, you are blocked from editing indefinitely. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 20:21, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User:CBryant215


text:
Talk:Ugadi

Untitled
Some of the material on this page was copied from a page on the Vepachedu Educational Foundation. This text is released under the GFDL, and is not a copyright violation. For further information, see Talk:Qutb Shahi dynasty. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 20:23, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

It is unlikely that Shailvahana is of Andhra origin. Shalivahana was Satavahana king with official Prakrit language. Satavahana capital was at Junnar near Pune in Maharashtra.

Present day "Andhra" state got it's name from these kings (region where Satavahana rule).

Coastal Andhras people are the sub-tribes of Satavahanas. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Nagarjuna198 (talk • contribs) 02:57, 8 April 2011 (UTC)

The above assertions have no basis in history or in science. The current article on Ugadi has no reference to any Telugu historians or experts in Telugu festivals. Salivahana era is used by Telugus. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satavahana_dynasty. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:246:4D7F:E788:24DC:8D6E:468B:B3FD (talk) 15:01, 2 October 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 25 March 2020
I suggest to change piquance (noun) to piquant (adjective) in the first paragraph to be consistent with other adjectives listed before it. 173.79.160.117 (talk) 16:18, 25 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done Goldsztajn (talk) 18:18, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ugadi


text:
Harald Ettl

Harald Ettl (born 7 December 1947 in Gleisdorf, Styria) is an Austrian politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1996 until 2009. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party, which is part of the Party of European Socialists.

During his time in Parliament, Ettle served on the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs. He was also a substitute for the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs, a member of the delegation to the EU–Bulgaria Joint Parliamentary Committee, and a substitute for the delegation for relations with the Mashreq countries.

Education

 * 1968: Diploma from higher technical education institute

Career

 * 1969-1971: Technical employee
 * 1971-1973: Trade union secretary
 * Secretary-General (1973-1984) and President (1984-2000) of the Textile, Clothing and Leather Workers' Union
 * since 2000: Vice-President of the Metal and Textile Union
 * since 2004: Vice-President of the International Textile, Clothing and Leather Workers' Association
 * 1978-1989: Vice-Chairman of the General Accident Insurance Institution (AUVA)
 * 1978-1989: Chairman of the accident insurance committee, Main Association of Austrian Social Insurance Institutions
 * 1987-1999: Chairman of the EU Committee, Austrian Federation of Trade Unions
 * 1989-1992: Federal Minister for Health, the Public Service, Sport and Consumer Protection
 * 1993-2001: Chairman of the Consumer Information Association
 * 1995-1996: Member of the Economic and Social Committee of the European Communities
 * 1996-2009: Member of the European Parliament

title: Harald Ettl


text:
Talk:F1 (disambiguation)

Primary topic?
Anyone able to explain why Formula One gets to be the primary topic of this Foxtrot-number combination?? (See User:Georgia guy/Letter number combinations for the definition of a Foxtrot-number combination; the section "Foxtrot" to be specific. Georgia guy 20:24, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * And another thing, the primary meaning of the hypenated form is the rocket. Georgia guy 20:42, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Because it's by far the most common usage of F1 - google it and you'll see what I mean. You're right about F-1 though - almost never used for the sport and should not redirect to the Formula One page. 4u1e 14:53, 3 August 2007 (UTC)
 * See discussion here for a more detailed reasoning. 4u1e

Split?
Should F01 and F.I be split from this dab? Are readers looking for those articles going to enter "F1" in the search box? -- JHunterJ (talk) 15:28, 6 September 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:F1 (disambiguation)