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Aylesham railway station

Aylesham railway station is on the Dover branch of the Chatham Main Line in England, and serves the village of Aylesham, Kent. It is 68 mi down the line from London Victoria and is situated between Adisham and Snowdown.

The station and all trains that call are operated by Southeastern.

It was built by the Southern Railway and opened on 1 July 1928 to cater for the considerable increase in passenger traffic brought about by the development of the Kent coalfield. The main station buildings are on the London-bound side of the station.

The station booking office is staffed on Mondays to Saturdays mornings and a self-service ticket machine is located on the London-bound platform.

History
Opened by the Southern Railway the station passed to the Southern Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948.

When sectorisation was introduced in the 1980s, the station was served by Network SouthEast until the privatisation of British Rail.

Services
All services at Aylesham are operated by Southeastern using EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 1 tph to London Victoria via Chatham
 * 1 tph to Dover Priory

Additional services including trains to and from London Bridge and London Cannon Street call at the station in the peak hours.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Aylesham railway station


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Steel Reserve

Steel Reserve, also known as 211, is an American lager brand owned and produced by Steel Brewing Company, which is owned by Miller, a subsidiary of Molson Coors. The drink comes in "Black" and "Silver" varieties, also known as "Triple Export Malt Liquor" and "High Gravity Lager", respectively. It has a high alcohol content (typically 8.1% ABV). It was introduced in 1994.

General
Steel Reserve is sold in 42 USoz bottles. It also is distributed in 24 USoz cans, 22 USoz bottles, 16 USoz cans in packs of four or six, and 12 USoz cans in packs of six or twelve. In 2016 the company replaced its 40 oz. narrow-neck glass bottles with 42 oz. wide-neck, shatterproof plastic bottles.

Availability
The 40-ounce, 8.1% ABV variety is widely available throughout the US; however, some states require the beverage to be sold as a diluted 6.0% ABV and in Utah 5.0% ABW within accordance of state law.

Awards and ratings
In 2012, Steel Reserve 8.1% ABV received the gold medal in the category of 'American-Style Premium Lager or Specialty Lager' at the World Beer Cup. Additionally, the American malt liquor style ale has been rated within the 83 percentile earning the good rating by Beeradvocate, while users of the site have accumulated a rating of 60 - poor (2017). Alternatively, Ratebeer has given an accumulative rating of 0 overall and 10 for overall style.

Competitor response
Anheuser-Busch also adopted the "High Gravity" nomenclature, referring to the term specific gravity, a measurement used to quantify the sugars available to produce alcohol in a fermented beverage, which may give an indication of alcohol content, and released Hurricane High Gravity Lager with the same alcohol content, container sizes, and similar price.

Advertising
Reverend Horton Heat and the Ramones were commissioned to release several radio jingles for the beverage in the 1990s.

title: Steel Reserve


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Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines

The purpose of a page's associated talk page (accessible via the talk or discussion tab) is to provide space for editors to discuss editing that page. Article talk pages should not be used by editors as platforms for their personal views on a subject. When talk pages in other namespaces (including userspace) are used for discussion and communication between users, discussion should be directed solely toward the improvement of the encyclopedia.

The names of talk pages associated with articles begin with Talk:. For example, the talk page for the article Australia is named Talk:Australia.

The guidelines below reinforce the prime values of talk pages: communication, courtesy, and consideration. They apply not only to article discussion pages but everywhere editors interact, such as deletion discussions and noticeboards.

Maintain Wikipedia policy
There is reasonable allowance for speculation, suggestion, and personal knowledge on talk pages, with a view to prompting further investigation, but it is usually a misuse of a talk page to continue to argue any point that has not met policy requirements. Pay particular attention to Biographies of living persons, which applies to talk pages as well as to articles: "Editors must take particular care adding information about living persons to any Wikipedia page."

Creating talk pages
Talk pages are generally created by clicking a red "Talk" tab and creating the page, like any other page.

Do not create an empty talk page simply so that one will exist for future use. There is no need to add discussion warning templates to every talk page, or even to every talk page that contains a discussion.

How to use article talk pages

 * Communicate: If in doubt, make the extra effort so that other people understand you. Being friendly is a great help. It is always a good idea to explain your views; it is less helpful for you to voice an opinion on something but not explain why you hold it. Explaining why you have a certain opinion helps to demonstrate its validity to others and reach consensus.
 * Stay on topic: Talk pages are for discussing the, not for general conversation about the article's subject (much less subjects). Keep discussions focused on how to improve the article. Comments that are plainly irrelevant are subject to archiving or removal.
 * No meta: Extended meta-discussions about editing belong on noticeboards, in Wikipedia-talk, or in User-talk namespaces, not in Article-talk namespace.
 * Be positive: Article talk pages should be used to discuss ways to improve an article; not to criticize, pick apart, or vent about the current status of an article or its subject. This is especially true on the talk pages of biographies of living people. However, if you're not sure how to fix something, feel free to draw attention to this and ask for suggestions.
 * Be polite: Article talk pages are at the end of the day civil discussions between users who have lives outside of Wikipedia, that influences their behaviors and manners. In serious discussions it is key to remain calm, respectful and patient with the other user. If a fallacy (see list of fallacies) is noticed when debating Wikipedia’s general guidelines, remain civil and above all do not use this to anger the other user. Respectful arguments are relaxing!
 * Stay objective: Talk pages are not a place for editors to argue their about a controversial issue. They are a place to discuss how the points of view of reliable sources should be included in the article, so that the end result is neutral. The best way to present a case is to find properly referenced material.
 * Deal with facts: The talk page is the ideal place for issues relating to verification, such as asking for help finding sources, discussing conflicts or inconsistencies among sources, and examining the reliability of references. Asking for a verifiable reference supporting a statement is often better than arguing against it.
 * Share material: The talk page can be used to "park" material removed from the article due to verification or other concerns, while references are sought or concerns discussed. New material can be prepared on the talk page until it is ready to be put into the article; this is an especially good idea if the new material (or topic as a whole) is controversial.
 * Discuss edits: The talk page is particularly useful to talk about edits. If one of your edits has been reverted, and you change it back again, it is good practice to leave an explanation on the talk page and a note in the edit summary that you have done so. The talk page is also the place to ask about another editor's changes. If someone questions one of your edits, make sure you reply with a full, helpful rationale.
 * Make proposals: Proposals for improving the article can be put forward for discussion by other editors. Such proposals might include changes to specific points, page moves, mergers or making a section of a long article into a separate article.

Good practices for talk pages

 * Check whether there's already a discussion on the same topic. Duplicate discussions (on a single page, or on multiple pages) are confusing and time-wasting, and may be interpreted as forum shopping. If the subject is a controversial or popular one, consider checking the talk-page archives before opening a new thread. (Many talk pages have a Search archives box near the top.)
 * Read before commenting: Familiarizing yourself with a discussion before participating makes it easier to build consensus.
 * Comment on content, not on the contributor or It's the edits that matter, not the editor: Keep the discussions focused on the topic of the talk page, rather than on the editors participating.
 * Use English: This is the English-language Wikipedia; discussions should normally be conducted in English. If using another language is unavoidable, try to provide a translation, or get help at Embassy. Do not expect readers to translate your content themselves, not even when modern browsers have machine translation built-in.
 * Be concise: Long posts risk being ignored or misunderstood. Talk pages with a good signal-to-noise ratio tend to attract continued participation. If you really need to make a detailed, point-by-point post, see below for tips.
 * Keep discussions focused: Discussions naturally should finalize by agreement, not by exhaustion.
 * Avoid repeating your posts: Your fellow editors can read your prior posts, so repeating them wastes time and space and may be considered bludgeoning the discussion.
 * Avoid starting the same discussion on multiple pages, which fragments discussion. Instead, start the discussion in one location and, if appropriate, advertise it elsewhere via a link. If you find a fragmented discussion, consider moving all posts to one location and linking from the old locations to the new. State clearly in edit summaries and on talk pages what you have done and why.
 * Do not bite the newcomers: If someone does something against custom, assume it was an unwitting mistake; gently point out their mistake (referencing relevant policies and guidelines) and suggest a better approach.
 * Link abbreviations: To assist newbies, consider linking to Wikipedia abbreviations and terms of art when they first appear in a thread.
 * Avoid excessive emphasis: ALL CAPS and enlarged fonts may be considered shouting and are rarely appropriate. Bolding may be used to highlight key words or phrases but should be used judiciously. Italics are often used for emphasis or clarity but should be avoided for long passages. Exclamation marks similarly should be used judiciously. Overuse of emphasis can undermine its impact! If adding emphasis to quoted text, say so.
 * Keep the layout clear: Use standard formatting and threading. If you include references, add reflist-talk or sources-talk after your comment, to keep citations within your thread. See Talk page layout.
 * Use separate subsection headings to discuss multiple changes: If you arrive at the "discussion" part of the "bold, revert, discuss" (BRD) cycle, and the subject involves a number of separate changes you would like to see, try to break down the different changes, and your reasons and reliable sources for each one, under separate subsection headings . Mixing it all into one long post complicates discussion.
 * Sign your posts. When you have the "Enable quick topic adding" preference enabled and use the "Add topic" link to create a new discussion, or reply to a comment using the "reply" link, then your posts will be automatically signed. Otherwise, you can sign manually using four tildes, which turn into your username and a timestamp, like this: ExampleUser 14:07, (UTC).
 * The minor flag is only for typographical corrections, formatting fixes, and similar changes that do not substantively change content.

Behavior that is unacceptable
Please note that some of the following are of sufficient importance to be official Wikipedia policy. Violations (and especially repeated violations) may lead to the offender being blocked or banned from editing Wikipedia.

 * No personal attacks. This includes:
 * Insults: Do not make ad hominem attacks, such as calling someone an idiot or a fascist. Instead, explain what is wrong with an edit and how to fix it.
 * Personal threats: For example, threatening people with "admins [you] know" or with having them banned for disagreeing with you. However, explaining to an editor the consequences of violating Wikipedia policies, like being blocked for vandalism, is not considered a threat.
 * Legal threats: Threatening a lawsuit is highly disruptive to Wikipedia for reasons given at the linked page.
 * Posting other editors' personal details: A user who maliciously posts what they believe are the personal details of another user without that user's consent may be blocked for any length of time, including indefinitely.
 * Misrepresentation of other people: The record should accurately show significant exchanges that have taken place and in the correct context. This usually means:
 * Being precise in quoting others.
 * When referencing other people's contributions or edits, use "diffs". The advantage of diffs in referring to a comment is that the diff will always remain the same, even when a talk page gets archived or a comment gets changed.
 * Generally, do not alter others' comments, including signatures. Exceptions to this are described in the next section.
 * Do not ask for another's personal details.
 * Do not attempt to impersonate another editor.
 * Do not claim to be an administrator or to have an access level that you do not have. User access levels can always be verified at Special:ListUsers.
 * Do not use the talk page as a forum for discussing the topic, nor as a soapbox for promoting your views. The talk page is for discussing how to improve the article, not venting your feelings about it.

Editing others' comments
It is not necessary to bring talk pages to publishing standards, so there is no need to copy edit others' posts. Doing so can be irritating. The basic rule, with exceptions outlined below, is to not edit or delete others' posts without their permission.

Never edit or move someone's comment to change its meaning, even on your own talk page.

Striking out text with  or strike or marking text as deleted with  constitutes a change in meaning. It should be done only by the user who wrote it, or as otherwise provided in this talk page guideline.

Generally, you should not break up another editor's text by interleaving or interpolating your own replies to individual points. This causes confusion with who said what and obscures the original editor's intent.

In your own posts, you may wish to use the or  templates to quote others' posts.

Cautiously editing or removing another editor's comments is sometimes allowed, but normally you should stop if there is any objection. If you make anything more than minor changes, it is good practice to leave a short explanatory note such as "[potential libel removed by ~]".

Examples of appropriately editing others' comments

 * If you have their permission, e.g. by invocation of WP:MUTUAL.
 * Restoration: to restore comments vandalized or accidentally edited or deleted by others.
 * Personal talk page cleanup: See the section § User talk pages for more details.
 * Removing prohibited material such as libel; legal threats; personal details; content that is illegal under US law; or violations of copyright, living persons, or anti-promotional policies. (See also below for removing comments by banned or blocked users.)
 * Removing harmful posts, including personal attacks, trolling, and vandalism. This generally does not extend to messages that are merely uncivil; deletions of simple invective are controversial. Posts that may be considered disruptive in various ways are another borderline case and are usually best left as-is or archived.

 * Off-topic posts: Your idea of what is off topic may differ from what others think is off topic, so be sure to err on the side of caution.
 * Collapse. If a discussion goes off topic (per the above subsection § How to use article talk pages), editors may hide it using Collapse top/Collapse bottom or similar templates. This normally has the effect of ending the off-topic discussion while allowing people to read it by pressing the "show" link. Involved parties must not use these templates to end a discussion over the objections of other editors.
 * Move. At times, it may make sense to move off-topic posts to a more appropriate talk page. Another form of refactoring is to move a thread of entirely personal commentary between two editors to the talk page of the editor who started the off-topic discussion. The template {{subst:Rf}} can be used to denote the original source page of the content.
 * Delete. It is common to simply delete gibberish, test edits, harmful or prohibited material (as described above), and comments or discussion clearly about the article's subject itself (as opposed to comments and discussion about the treatment of the subject in the article).
 * Moving edits to closed discussions: A discussion which has been closed with the {{subst:Archive}} or similar template is intended to be preserved as-is and should not be edited. Subsequent edits inside of an archive box should not be removed for this sole reason, but may be moved below the box to preserve the integrity of the closed discussion.
 * Attributing unsigned comments: If a comment is unsigned you can find out, from the page history, who posted it and append attribution to it, typically using {{subst:Unsigned}}: . The date and time parameter is optional.
 * Signature cleanup: If a signature violates the guidelines for signatures, or is an attempt to fake a signature, you may edit the signature to the standard form with correct information  or some even simpler variant. Do not modify the signature on others' posts for any other reason. If the user's signature contains a coding error, ask the user to fix the problem in their preferences (but see "Fixing layout errors", below).
 * Fixing format errors that render material difficult to read. In this case, restrict the edits to formatting changes only and preserve the content as much as possible. Examples include:
 * Fixing indentation levels
 * Removing bullets from discussions that are not consensus polls or requests for comment (RfC)
 * Fixing list markup (to avoid disruption of screen readers, for instance)
 * Using, and other technical markup to fix code samples
 * Providing wikilinks if it helps in better navigation
 * Adding so that -type material is emitted immediately instead of at the end of the entire page.  does the same while collapsing the references to reduce vertical scrolling.
 * Fixing layout errors, which could include:
 * Moving a new discussion from the top of a page to the bottom
 * Moving a comment for chronological order within a reply sequence
 * Adding a heading to a comment not having one
 * Repairing accidental damage by one party to another's comments
 * Correcting unclosed markup tags that mess up the entire page's formatting
 * Accurately replacing HTML table code with a wikitable
 * Sectioning: If a thread has developed new subjects, it may be desirable to split it into separate discussions with their own headings or subheadings. When a topic is split into two topics, rather than sub-sectioned, it is often useful for there to be a link from the new topic to the original and vice versa. A common way of doing this is noting the change at the [then-]end of the original thread, and adding an unobtrusive note under the new heading, e.g., . Some reformatting may be necessary to maintain the sense of the discussion to date and to preserve attribution. It is essential that splitting does not inadvertently alter the meaning of any comments. Very long discussions may also be divided into sub-sections.
 * IDs: Where sectioning is not appropriate, adding or  for deep linking.

In the past, it was standard practice to "summarize" talk page comments, but this practice has fallen out of use. On regular wikis with no "talk" tab, the summary would end up as the final page content. Wikipedia has separate tabs for article content and discussion pages. Refactoring and archiving are still appropriate, but should be done with courtesy and reversed on protest.
 * Section headings: Because threads are shared by multiple editors (regardless of how many have posted so far), no one, including the original poster, "owns" a talk page discussion or its heading. It is generally acceptable to change headings when a better heading is appropriate, e.g., one more accurately describing the content of the discussion or the issue discussed, less one-sided, more appropriate for accessibility reasons, etc. Whenever a change is likely to be controversial, avoid disputes by discussing a heading change with the editor who started the thread, if possible. It can also sometimes be appropriate to merge entire sections under one heading (often preserving the later one as a subheading) if their discussions are redundant.In order to ensure links to the previous section heading (including automatically generated links in watchlists and histories) continue to work, one should use one of the following templates to anchor the old title:, , . Link markup may be removed from section headings, but the link should be re-created at the first use of the term, or in a hatnote. Template markup should be removed, as this is likely to break links to the heading.
 * Removing duplicate sections: Where an editor has inadvertently saved the same new section or comment twice. Note: this does not mean people who repeat a point deliberately.
 * Fixing links: if the linked-to page has moved, a talk page section has been archived, the link is simply broken by a typographical error, or it unintentionally points to a disambiguation page etc. Do not change links in others' posts to go to entirely different pages. If in doubt, ask the editor in question to update their own post, or add a follow-up comment of your own suggesting the alternative link. Only fix a link to a template that has been replaced or deprecated if the effect of the new template is essentially the same as what the poster used (otherwise, simply allow the post to red link to the old template, as a broken post is preferable to one with altered meaning). Internal links made using full URLs may be converted to wikilinks or protocol-relative URLs (by dropping the part before the "//"), so that they will work across protocols ( http:// vs. https:// ) and between our desktop and mobile sites.
 * Hiding or resizing images: You may hide an image (e.g., change  to   by adding a colon) once discussion of it has ended. This is especially appropriate for "warning" and "alert" icons included in bot-posted notices which are usually quickly resolved. It's OK to re-size images to a smaller size if they take too much space on a talk page.
 * Non-free images: Non-free images must not be displayed on talk pages. If they are being discussed, they must be hidden by linking them with a colon—as described in "Hiding or resizing images", above. If they are included for decorative purposes, they must be removed.
 * Deactivating templates, categories, and interlanguage links: You may prevent templates from being transcluded (e.g., change to ) if the poster clearly intended to discuss the template rather than use it. You may deactivate category links (e.g., change   to   by inserting a colon) to prevent the page being inappropriately added to a discussed category. You may deactivate interlanguage links (e.g., change   to   by inserting a colon) when the link to a page on another language's Wikipedia is meant to appear inline rather than to serve as an interlanguage link for the page.
 * Hiding old code samples: You may redact (replace with a note, or collapse) large code samples once discussion of the sample has ended; for instance fulfilled requests.
 * Review pages: Peer reviews, good article reviews, and featured article candidates are collaborative processes in which a reviewer may provide a list of comments on an article; most editors expect the responses to be interspersed among these comments. An example is here; note that you should not modify the comments themselves in any way.
 * Removing or striking through comments made by blocked sock puppets of users editing in violation of a block or ban. Comments made by a sock with no replies may simply be removed with an appropriate edit summary. If comments are part of an active discussion, they should be struck instead of removed, along with a short explanation following the stricken text or at the bottom of the thread. There is not typically a need to strike comments in discussions that have been closed or archived.
 * Empty edit requests. If considered necessary, it is acceptable to remove from a Talk page an edit request that does not include a description of the requested change. Consider placing on the User Talk page of a user who has posted an empty edit request.

Editing own comments
So long as no one has yet responded to your comment, it's accepted and common practice that you may continue to edit your remarks for a short while to correct mistakes, add links or otherwise improve them. If you've accidentally posted to the wrong page or section or if you've simply changed your mind, it's been only a short while and no one has yet responded, you may remove your comment entirely.

But if anyone has already replied to or quoted your original comment, changing your comment may deprive any replies of their original context, and this should be avoided. Once others have replied, or even if no one's replied but it's been more than a short while, if you wish to change or delete your comment, it is commonly best practice to indicate your changes. An exception to this rule may be permitted if there is only one reply and it invokes WP:MUTUAL.

You commented commented in April after the previous discussion. Thus: "You commented commented in April after the previous discussion."
 * Any deleted text should be marked with, which renders in most browsers as struck-through text, e.g., deleted.
 * Any inserted text should be marked with, which renders in most browsers as underlined text, e.g., inserted.
 * Inserting text without deleting any text is ambiguous, since some editors use underscore for emphasis (despite guidance to use italics). For example: "You commented in April after the previous discussion." Is that insertion, or emphasis? This problem can be avoided by deleting one word and then re-inserting it, as:
 * Best practice is to add a new timestamp, e.g.,, using five tildes, immediately following the original timestamp at the end of your post.
 * To add an explanation of your change, you may add a new comment directly below your original or elsewhere in discussion as may be most appropriate; insert a comment in square brackets, e.g., "the default width is 100px 120px [the default changed last month]", or use   to insert a superscript note, e.g. [corrected], linking to a later subsection for a detailed explanation.

Non-compliance
Persistently formatting your comments on a talk page in a non-compliant manner, after friendly notification by other editors, is a mild form of disruption. After you have been alerted to specific aspects of these guidelines (such as indentation, sectioning, and signatures), you are expected to make a reasonable effort to follow those conventions. Other editors may simply ignore additional posts that flagrantly disregard the talk page formatting standards. You can also expect to have your mis-formatted posts refactored to comply.

Disputes
If you have a disagreement or a problem with someone's behavior, please read Dispute resolution.

Closing discussions
Closing a discussion means summarizing the results, and identifying any consensus that has been achieved. A rule of thumb is that discussions should be kept open at least a week before closing, although there are some exceptions to this.

Any uninvolved editor may write a closing statement for most discussions, not just admins. However, if the discussion is particularly contentious or the results are especially unclear, then a request specifically for a closing statement from an uninvolved administrator may be preferable.

Requesting a close
Any participant in a discussion may request that an uninvolved editor or admin formally close any type of discussion (not just RFCs), if any one or more of the following criteria are true:

 * the consensus remains unclear to the participants,
 * the issue is a contentious one, or
 * there are wiki-wide implications to the decision.

Please do not request a closing statement from an uninvolved editor unless one of these three criteria have been met.

You may request that an uninvolved editor formally close a discussion by placing a note at Closure requests. Please ensure that any request there seeking a close is neutrally worded, and do not use that board to continue the discussion in question. If you are requesting attention specifically from an admin, then please state that clearly in your request.

Marking a closed discussion
When an issue has been resolved without controversy, this may be marked simply by adding the template at the top of the thread, adding a brief statement of how the issue was dealt with. If you took action yourself to resolve the issue you may instead use the template in your own final comment stating what you did. Adding one of these templates will help future readers to spot more quickly those issues that remain unresolved.

When a more complex discussion has been closed, to discourage any further comments you may optionally use the Archive top and Archive bottom templates (although some particular types of discussion, such as those which concern whether to delete or rename a page, have their own specialized templates) — Archive top and Archive bottom templates should not be used by involved parties to end a discussion over the objections of other editors. For example:

... which produces:

Discussion text...

If a discussion has been so disruptive or pointless that it is better for editors to waste no further time even looking at it, the alternative templates and  can be used instead, to produces a similar "closure box" around it, but collapsed to hide the content, as with off-topic threads. If a particular unconstructive block of an otherwise useful discussion should be hidden, use and.

Layout

 * Start new topics at the bottom of the page: If you put a post at the top of the page, it is confusing and can easily be overlooked. The latest topic should be the one at the bottom of the page, then the next post will go underneath yours and so on. This makes it easy to see the chronological order of posts. A quick way to do this is to use the "" tab next to the "" button on the talk page you are on.
 * Avoid excessive use of color and other font gimmicks: The advice at is as applicable to talk pages as it is anywhere else. And your post is not more important than anyone else's, so it should not be in huge, purple text.
 * Separate multiple paragraphs with whitespace: If a single post has several points, it makes it clearer to separate them with a paragraph break (i.e. a blank line). Exception: Do not use blank lines between lines starting with asterisks (*), colons, semicolons , or number/hash signs (#). (See section below.) An alternative is using the ("paragraph break") template inline in the text without manually linebreaking on either side of it: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation.

Indentation and screen readers

 * Summary: WP:LISTGAP fixes: don't change list type, don't skip indentation levels, no extra spaces between replies.

 * Avoid adding blank lines between lines that begin with wikitext symbols for lists, because this increases the complexity of the generated HTML code and creates accessibility problems for people using screen readers. These symbols include:
 * asterisks, which make bulleted lists;
 * hash symbols, which make numbered lists;
 * semi-colons, which make the first half of an HTML association list (rendered as bold-faced text); and
 * colons, which make the second half of an HTML association list, but which are popularly used for the resulting visual indentation effect.
 * Thread your post: Use indentation as shown in, to clearly indicate to whom you are replying, as with usual threaded discussions. Normally colons are used, not bullet points (although the latter are commonly used at AfD, CfD, etc.).

New topics and headings on talk pages

 * Start new topics at the bottom of the page: If you put a post at the top of the page, it is confusing and can also get easily overlooked. The latest topic should be the one at the bottom of the page.
 * Make a new heading for a new topic: It will then be clearly separated into its own section and will also appear in the TOC (table of contents) at the top of the page. A heading is easy to create with == on either side of the words, as in ==Heading== . The "Post a comment" feature can be used to do this automatically. (If you are using the default skin, you can use the "" tab next to the "Edit this page" tab instead.) Enter a subject/heading in the resulting edit page, and it will automatically become the section heading.
 * Don't create a new heading that duplicates an existing heading: If you are responding to a comment or adding to a discussion on a particular topic, respond after the comment or at the bottom of the existing section.
 * Make the heading clear and specific as to the article topic discussed: It should be clear from the heading which aspect of the article (template, etc.) you wish to discuss. Don't write "This article is wrong" but address the specific issue you want to discuss. A related article Edit, actual or potential, should be traceable to that Talk-page heading.
 * Keep headings neutral: A heading should indicate what the topic is, but not communicate a specific view about it.
 * Don't praise in headings: You might wish to commend a particular edit, but this could be seen in a different light by someone who disagrees with the edit.
 * Don't criticize in headings: This includes being critical about details of the article. Those details were written by individual editors, who may interpret the heading as an attack on them.
 * Don't address other users in a heading: Headings invite all users to comment. Headings may be about specific edits but not specifically about the user. (Some exceptions are made at administrative noticeboards, where reporting problems by name is normal.)
 * Never use headings to attack other users: While no personal attacks and assuming good faith apply everywhere at Wikipedia, using headings to attack other users by naming them in the heading is especially egregious, as it places their names prominently in the Table of Contents, and can thus enter that heading in the edit summary of the page's edit history. As edit summaries and edit histories are not normally subject to revision, that wording can then haunt them and damage their credibility for an indefinite time period, even though edit histories are excluded from search engines. Reporting on another user's edits from a neutral point of view is an exception, especially reporting edit warring or other incidents to administrators.
 * Create subsections if helpful: Talk page discussions should be concise, so if a single discussion becomes particularly long, it may then become helpful to start a subsection (to facilitate the involvement of editors with a slower computer or Internet connection). Since the main section title will no longer appear in edit summaries, choose a connotative title; for example, in the section References used more than once, the subsection title References: arbitrary break might be used. If creating arbitrary breaks, ensure that sections end with a clear indication of the poster. (This method is preferable to using templates like .)

Links, time, and page name

 * Make links freely: Links to articles are as useful on talk pages as anywhere else, and links to non-existent articles can help get them onto the most-wanted articles list.
 * Use Coordinated Universal Time, when referring to a time, e.g., the time of an edit or page move.
 * When mentioning the name of the page, cite the current name: This applies when a page is moved (i.e. retitled). In such a case, the Talk page is usually also moved. If you continue to use the old name, it will be confusing, especially for new editors to the article.

Archiving
Large talk pages are difficult to read and load slowly over slow connections. As a rule of thumb, archive closed discussions when a talk page exceeds 75 KB in wikitext or has numerous resolved or stale discussions – see Help:Archiving a talk page. Apart from the exception described in WP:OWNTALK, discussions should be archived, not blanked.

If a thread has been archived prematurely, such as when it is still relevant to current work or was not concluded, unarchive it by copying it back to the talk page from the archive, and deleting it from the archive. Do not unarchive a thread that was effectively closed; instead, start a new discussion and link to the archived prior discussion.

Centralized talk pages
Often, there are a number of related pages that would benefit from one single talk page for discussions. For example, a list article may have grown too large and was split alphabetically. Or there may be a set of templates that are used together or interrelated MediaWiki interface pages.

Before implementing a centralized talk page, consider first gaining consensus for your proposal. The main discussion would usually be on the proposed centralized talk page with notices on the pages to be redirected. Notices may be placed on related pages as needed; for example, a relevant WikiProject page or Village pump (proposals). may be used to note the proposal.

If consensus is gained, then:
 * 1) Archive current discussions on all the talk pages to be centralized; see Help:Archiving a talk page
 * 2) Check each talk page for subpages. These are usually archived discussions, but other subpages are sometimes created, such as drafts or reviews. See Subpages.
 * 3) On the centralized talk page, list the redirected pages.  is useful for this.
 * 4) On the centralized talk page, list all of the archived talk pages.  is useful for this.
 * 5) Redirect each talk page to the desired talk page; see Redirect. It is recommended that an editnotice be created for the redirected talk pages; see Editnotice.  is useful for this.
 * 6) It is recommended that an editnotice be created for the centralized talk page.  is useful for this.
 * 7) Ensure that involved editors realize that they need to add the centralized talk page to their watchlist.

Examples of centralized talk pages: Talk:List of aircraft, Help talk:Cite errors, Help talk:Footnotes, and MediaWiki talk:Common.css.

User talk pages
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Talk page search
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title: Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines


text:
Snowdown railway station

Snowdown railway station is on the Dover branch of the Chatham Main Line in England, and serves the hamlet of Snowdown, Kent. It is 69 mi down the line from London Victoria and is situated between Aylesham and Shepherds Well.

The station and all trains that call are operated by Southeastern.

The station and the line it serves was built by the London, Chatham & Dover Railway, and the station was opened in 1914. It was formerly known as Snowdown & Nonington Halt and formed the junction with the extensive sidings of the National Coal Board at Snowdown Colliery.

In 2016–17 and 2017–18 Snowdown was the second least used railway station in Kent. and 2022-2023 is the least used station in Kent

Facilities
Snowdown station is unstaffed and facilities are limited. Tickets can be purchased from the self-service ticket machine at the station and there are passenger help points located on each platforms. There is also a basic shelter located on each platform.

Step-free access is not available to either of the platforms at the station.

Services
All services at Snowdown are operated by Southeastern using EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 1 tph to London Victoria via Chatham
 * 1 tph to Dover Priory

Additional services including trains to and from London Bridge and London Cannon Street call at the station in the peak hours.

title: Snowdown railway station


text:
User:Tezh

This is my Wikipedia user page! Please post any comments in my talk page. Note, I really haven't done much editing to be worth talking, really.

title: User:Tezh


text:
Shepherds Well railway station

Shepherds Well railway station is on the Dover branch of the Chatham Main Line in England, and serves the village of Shepherdswell, Kent. It is 71 mi down the line from London Victoria and is situated between Snowdown and Kearsney.

The station and all trains that serve the station are operated by Southeastern.

It appears in the timetable and online enquiry systems as "Shepherds Well" but the platform signs read "Shepherdswell". It is adjacent to the terminus of the East Kent heritage line, which is spelt as one word: Shepherdswell.

The booking office in the station building on the country-bound platform is open only for very limited hours on Mondays to Fridays mornings but a Permit To Travel ticket machine (also on the country-bound platform) caters for out-of-hours ticketing.

The station and the line it serves were built by the London, Chatham & Dover Railway.

Services
All services at Shepherds Well are operated by Southeastern using EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 1 tph to London Victoria via Chatham
 * 1 tph to Dover Priory

Additional services including trains to and from London Bridge and London Cannon Street call at the station in the peak hours.

title: Shepherds Well railway station


text:
Alpha, Queensland

Alpha is a rural town and a locality in the Barcaldine Region, Queensland, Australia. In the, the locality of Alpha had a population of 559 people.

Geography
Alpha is in Central West Queensland. It lies on Alpha Creek.

The Capricorn Highway runs through from east to west, and the Clermont-Alpha Road enters from the north-east.

The Central Western railway line passes through the town, which is served by Alpha railway station.

The town is a service centre for the surrounding pastoral properties and travellers on the highway.

History
The town of Alpha is situated approximately 400 kilometres to the west of Rockhampton, with the name being derived from Alpha Pastoral Station, established in 1863. This was a very large station, dominating the area and growing to more than 1,600 square kilometres by the 1890s.

The area was originally visited and partly explored by the New South Wales Surveyor-General, Thomas Mitchell in 1846 and it was his reports that were to encourage settlement, particularly from the 1860s. Early European settlers to move into the region included Robert Donaldson and Agnes Adelaide Donaldson.

Alpha was initially established as a temporary terminus during construction of the Central Western railway line (then known as the Great Northern line, a name that would be subsequently assigned to the subsequent more northern line west of Townsville to Mount Isa), which was being built westwards from Rockhampton. The major coastal centre was keen to take full advantage of the inland pastoral wealth being generated and pushed for a central railway line. Construction commenced in 1867, reaching Emerald in 1879 and was opened to Alpha on 22 September 1884. The construction camp continued moving west, but a township remained at the former terminus. Until June 1990, Queensland Rail maintained a locomotive depot in the town.

Alpha Provisional School opened on 30 August 1886. It became Alpha State School on 7 September 1894. A preschool centre was added in 1987.

Churches followed, with the Catholic Church opening in 1890 and the United Protestant Church in 1894. The Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart opened a Catholic primary school in 1902 and a convent school was established in 1904. Originally Three Sisters of St Joseph stepped off the train in Alpha on Thursday 15 May 1902.

They moved Into a rented and furnished cottage in Byron Street, where six months of provisions filled the larder. Fifty years later, one of the first pupils recalled that every town child was out to see the Sisters'. The St Joseph Order, which was established in Australia, also founded Convents in other nearby diccesan towns. Sister M Gonzaga, who was in charge, with Sisters M Gervase and M Lourdes, was soon very busy teaching, as four months later, pupils presented a successful concert for a large crowd.

The church became the temporary school until a two storey Convent was bullt by 1906 and the school occupied the lower floor. Boys and girls from neighbouring districts boarded at the Convent to attend school until the 1930s.

St Joseph's Convent School gained its own building in 1918. It was erected at a cost of £820, the maionty of which was raised in the local community. when the convent became dangerously riddled with white ants in 1922, it was replaced by a single storey building.

In November 1950, Alpha was inundated with flood water and the Sisters were forced to leave their convent and shelter in the top floor of the school. To reach it they carried provisions and a primus stove in buckets on their heads and waded through waist deep water.

The Golden Jubilee was celebrated in 1952 with musical items and a three-act operetta, as well as a visit from Rev. Mother Pierre, head of St Joseph Order of Nuns in Queensland.

The older school building was replaced by another two-storey building 12 years later. The new school of St. Joseph's of Alpha, was opened by Francis Rush, Bishop of Rockhampton on June 12, 1963. It was constructed by local builders. Brownjohn and Johnson and supervised by Fr. W Collins at a cost of about 10,000 pounds and is now a private residence.

Before the Sisters left Alpha for the last time in December 1977, their 75 years of service in the community was celebrated. Many nuns had spent time in Alpha and were remembered by past pupils with respect and affection. A roll call of past pupils was answered by representatives of each decade including three names from the 1902-10 period. st Joseph’s convent contnued for two years under instruction from lay teachers, Michael & Irene Watkins; but by the end of 1979, only about 25 students remained and it closed altogether.

The Sisters of St Joseph were central to the development of a musical culture in Alpha. The basis was their teaching of practice and theory in pianoforte and violin, as well as singing. Pupils sat yearly for examinations from the London College of Music, Trinity College, London or the Australian Music Examination Board, many passing with honours. Children travelled many miles to receive regular music instruction from the Nuns. Seven decades of music instruction provided the foundation for many concerts. The Golden Jubilee concert featured a choir, singing by individuals. duets, trios and groups, recitations, dance and comedy. Adults as well as the children performed.

Another impact of the music classes were years of dance music played by local people at debutante balls, shows, rodeos and fancy-dress balls, which continued long after St Joseph's School closed.

Jericho Shire, which included the town, was incorporated in 1917, with the main shire offices and council facilities located in the town of Jericho.

Killarney Park Provisional School opened in late 1918 as a half time provisional school in conjunction with Glenleigh Provisional School (meaning there was one teacher shared between the two schools). Both schools closed in late 1919 or early 1920 due to low student numbers.

On 8 April 1941, two people were killed when a goods train from Emerald plunged through a section of the wooden rail bridge over Alpha Creek on approach to the Alpha railway station.

On 22 November 2019, the Queensland Government decided to amalgamate the localities in the Barcaldine Region, resulting in five expanded localities based on the larger towns: Alpha, Aramac, Barcaldine, Jericho and Muttaburra. Alpha was expanded to incorporate Beaufort, Drummondslope, Dunrobin (south-eastern corner), Hobartville (north-eastern part), Pine Hill, Port Wine, Sedgeford, and Surbiton.

Demographics
In the, the town of Alpha had a population of 402 people.

In the, the locality of Alpha had a population of 571 people.

In the, the locality of Alpha had a population of 335 people.,

In the, the locality of Alpha had a population of 559 people.

Mining
On 29 May 2012 the first mine proposed to be developed in the Galilee Basin, known as the Alpha Coal Project, which is a joint development of Indian conglomerate GVK and Hancock Coal, was approved by the Government of Queensland.

Waratah Coal is planning to develop a new mine close to the town called the China First Coal Project. This mine is to be built on the Bimblebox nature refuge which is home to the endangered black-throated finch. A counter-view is that Bimblebox is a privately owned former grazing property, now unmanaged and run wild, growing and spreading various noxious weeds.

Waratah Coal's China First Project 2011 Environmental Impact Statement admits that there would be a range of both positive and negative effects on Alpha, and that they would "cause irreversible change to the physical landscape and the social fabric of towns." But it concludes that the development of mines in the vicinity of Alpha presents a unique opportunity for the town and surrounding communities to benefit from sustainable and socially acceptable development.

Bimblebox, a feature-length documentary directed by Michael C O'Connell (Mountaintop Removal), explores the "China First" mega mine project being developed by Waratah Coal close to the town of Alpha in the Galilee basin. The film also examines opposition to the China First mine from the owners of the Bimblebox nature refuge which stands in the path of the proposed project. In a 20 March 2012 press conference Waratah coal CEO Clive Palmer accused environmental groups and the film's producers of being funded by the Central Intelligence Agency.

Education
Alpha State School is a government primary and secondary (Prep-10) school for boys and girls at 11 Milton Street (-23.6507°N, 146.6422°W). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 40 students with 8 teachers and 10 non-teaching staff (6 full-time equivalent). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 39 students with 10 teachers and 11 non-teaching staff (6 full-time equivalent).

The nearest secondary schools to Year 12 are in Barcaldine 140 km to the west and Emerald 169 km to the east. Alternatively, there is distance education and boarding schools. Alpha State School provides support to students studying Years 11 and 12 by distance education.

Amenities
Alpha has a tourism information centre, golf course, art gallery, showground, parks, swimming pool, tennis courts, museum, hardware store, newsagents, bank, pub, grocery store, butcher, baker, post office, BP, Caltex, craft shop, hairdresser, pharmacy, hospital, police station and fire station.

Barcaldine Regional Council operates a library at the Alpha town hall on Tennyson Street.

Alpha Uniting Church is at 25 Milton Street (-23.65°N, 146.6392°W).

The Alpha branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the Uniting Church Hall at 4724 Milton Street.

title: Alpha, Queensland


text:
Talk:Heimskringla

Untitled
I think one should use the modern norwegian names of the kings with english translations i parentheses. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Knutlu (talk • contribs) 08:45, 15 April 2005 (UTC)

I disagree. Stick with ON unless there is an anglicised version. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.76.99.58 (talk) 22:08, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

Changes to introduction
I find it strange to start the article by defining the topic of the article, "Heimskringla", as the name of the saga. The article is about the saga, not about its name. A discussion of the background for the name belongs further down in the text. There were also some factual errors about first Danish translation. It is also wrong to say that "Norway", and "Dane" didn't have their present meanings at Snorre's time. At Snorre's time, the Norwegian, Swedish and Danish kingdoms had been established for generations.--Barend 22:41, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Agreed on all counts. Haukur 23:03, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 09:13, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

The Heimskringla being a "saga"
I didn't know the Heimskringla was a single saga - after all, it is divided into smaller king's sagas within? Like, the Ynglinga saga, Haralds saga Harfagr etc etc.. shouldn't it be a saga book compiled of 16 different sagas? - User:Cilibinarii (btw sorry if I'm doing anything wrong but I'm new to Wikipedia editing) —Preceding undated comment added 12:05, 8 December 2010 (UTC).

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110809064309/http://www.indoeuropean.nl/cgi-bin/startq.cgi?flags=endnnnl&root=leiden&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpokorny to http://www.indoeuropean.nl/cgi-bin/startq.cgi?flags=endnnnl&root=leiden&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpokorny
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071017104543/http://bartleby.com/61/roots/IE533.html to http://www.bartleby.com/61/roots/IE533.html

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title: Talk:Heimskringla


text: User talk:64.12.116.16

title: User talk:64.12.116.16


text:
Talk:Snifter

Stereotyping
I've removed the followinrg paragraph from the article as it seems both POV and possibly offensive to working classes.
 * In England these phrases are more associated with the middle rather than the working classes. Drinkers of lager are not normally known to slip out for an early-evening swift-half as they will already have been in the bar since lunchtime.

Thryduulf 08:46, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I removed the following line as that it seems POV and possibly offensive to older males, Johnnie Cradock and sozzled retired colonels
 * The snifter is more often to be found being drunk by older males (cf Johnnie Cradock) and is stereotypically consumed by sozzled retired colonels to help stiffen their backbones or those of their friends.

Cavebear42 00:28, 17 September 2005 (UTC)

Layout
The picture of the snifter is really quite out of the way. The icon for the 'Drinks' category, a tall ordinary glass, is closer to the text of the article, and it looks like that is the illustration to the article to readers not familiar with wikipedia layout.

The picture of the snifter should be closer to the body of the text than the picture of the tall glass to make it clear which is a snifter. On smaller screen resolutions, only the tall glass is visible, with the snifter photograph off-screen.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Lstanley (talk • contribs) 13:16, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

Etymology
The etymology of the term "snifter" is useful to this rather sparse and obtuse article. --KJRehberg (talk) 05:30, 19 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Snifter


text:
Kearsney railway station

Kearsney railway station is on the Dover branch of the Chatham Main Line in England, and serves Kearsney and Temple Ewell. It is 75 mi down the line from London Victoria and is situated between Shepherds Well and Dover Priory, the terminus.

The station and all trains that serve the station are operated by Southeastern.

The booking office in the station building on the country-bound platform is open only for very limited hours on Mondays to Fridays mornings but a Permit To Travel ticket machine (also on the country-bound platform) caters for out-of-hours ticketing.

The station and the line it serves were built by the London, Chatham & Dover Railway as the station for Temple Ewell and the parish of River. The community of Kearsney grew around the Railway Bell Hotel which was on the main Dover to London road. The station had a small goods siding, and a siding for passenger trains. The next stop towards the coast was Dover, and there was also a loop that took the railway directly onto the Kent Coast Line towards Margate, bypassing Dover. In the early days of the railway this meant trains did not always have to make the steep climb out of Dover. In practice the loop was little used for passenger trains, and mainly used by freight. Latterly the line was used by coal trains to Richborough power station.

Services
All services at Kearsney are operated by Southeastern using EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 1 tph to London Victoria via Chatham
 * 1 tph to Dover Priory

Additional services including trains to and from London Bridge and London Cannon Street call at the station in the peak hours.

title: Kearsney railway station


text: User talk:64.12.116.20

title: User talk:64.12.116.20


text:
Charles Belden

Charles Josiah Belden (November 16, 1887, San Francisco, California – February 1, 1966, St. Petersburg, Florida) was a photographer and rancher who was famous for his visceral photographs of the area around Meetseetse, Wyoming.

Belden was born in San Francisco into a wealthy California family. His grandfather, Josiah Belden, was an early California pioneer who made millions in San Francisco real estate and was the first Mayor of San Jose. After graduating from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Charles Belden bought his first camera to record a European tour with his school friend, Eugene Phelps. The highlight of the tour was a journey through Russia in Belden's 1908 Packard, the first automobile to make such a trip in the country. After the trip, Belden went to work as a cowboy on the Phelps (Pitchfork) Ranch in Wyoming. In 1912, Belden married Eugene's sister, Frances. The couple had three children, Annice, Margot, and Mary Elizabeth, who died while still a toddler. Eugene's father died in 1922, leaving Eugene and Charles to take over management of the Pitchfork Ranch. Belden's 1921–1940 photographs of the Pitchfork Ranch were widely published, including in The Saturday Evening Post, National Geographic, and on the cover of Life magazine.

Airplanes became a fascination for Belden. In the late 1920s, Charles became involved in raising antelope and sending them by airplane to zoos around the world, including some to Germany in the Hindenburg. He helped to pioneer the process of planting fish from the air and filmed the experience for future reference. In addition, he helped the Wyoming Game and Fish Commission conduct a census of wildlife herd populations using aerial photographs.

Estate taxes, mismanagement, and an agricultural depression that began in 1921 took their toll on the Pitchfork and the ranch fell into decline. To meet expenses, in the 1930s the family turned their home into a dude ranch, but this response did not stop the financial drain. After many years of strained relations, Charles divorced Frances in 1940 and moved to Florida with a new wife, Verna Steele Belden. Charles Belden died in 1966 of a self-inflicted gunshot wound in St. Petersburg, Florida.

title: Charles Belden


text:
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikipedia:Social Impact

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 22:41, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Social Impact
Random stream-of-consciousness article that happens to be linked from the Wikipedaholic test. Delete. +sj +  08:50, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete original research/essay. FreplySpang (talk) 15:01, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
The Columbian Orator

The Columbian Orator is a collection of political essays, poems, and dialogues collected and written by Caleb Bingham. Published in 1797, it includes speeches by George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and some imagined speeches by historical figures such as Socrates and Cato. It was popularly used for recitation in American schoolrooms from 1790 to 1820 to teach pupils reading and speaking. Typical of many readers of that period, the anthology celebrated "republican virtues," promoting patriotism and questioning the ethics of slavery. The Columbian Orator is an example of progymnasmata, containing examples for students to copy and imitate.

It is significant for inspiring a generation of American abolitionists, including orator and former slave Frederick Douglass; essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson; and author Harriet Beecher Stowe, best known for her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin.

In his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, self-taught writer and abolitionist Douglass praises the book as his first introduction to human history and eloquence. When he was 12 years old and still enslaved, he bought a copy using 50 cents which he had saved from shining shoes, and he "read [the essays] over and over again with unabated interest ... What [he] got from Sheridan was a bold denunciation of slavery, and a powerful vindication of human rights."

Douglass was particularly inspired by a dialogue between an enslaved person and his master in The Columbian Orator that demonstrated the intelligence of the slave. In this passage, the master presented the slave with justifications of slavery, each of which the slave rebutted, until the master was convinced that the bondage was in fact unethical. The passage ended with the slave winning the argument and, therefore, his freedom. It can be assumed that the book's guidelines of oratory also contributed to Douglass's success as a public speaker; William Lloyd Garrison praised Douglass in the introduction of his autobiography, claiming, "Patrick Henry, of revolutionary fame, never made a speech more eloquent in the cause of liberty."

The Columbian Orator became symbolic not only of human rights but also of the power of eloquence and articulation.

Details

 * Full title: The Columbian Orator: Containing a Variety of Original and Selected Pieces Together With Rules, Which Are Calculated to Improve Youth and Others, in the Ornamental and Useful Art of Eloquence.
 * Caleb Bingham (Editor), 1797.
 * David W. Blight (Editor), Bicentennial edition 1998, (ISBN 0-8147-1323-8).
 * Selected speakers include: Joseph Perkins, George Washington, Paulus Emilius, Hugh Blair, Philo, Thomas Muir, James Hervey, Benjamin Franklin, Jonathan Mason, and Cato the Younger.

Quotes
"I well remember, when I was a boy, how ardently I longed for the opportunity of reading, but had no access to a library", Caleb Bingham, 1803.

"Every opportunity I got, I used to read this book", Frederick Douglass, 1845.

title: The Columbian Orator


text:
Japan Teachers Union

Japan Teachers Union (日本教職員組合), abbreviated Nikkyōso (日教組), is Japan's oldest labor union of teachers and school staff. Established in 1947, it was the largest teachers union until a split in the late 1980s. The union is known for its critical stance against the ruling conservative Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) on such issues as Kimigayo (the national anthem), the Flag of Japan, and the screening of history textbooks during the LDP's near continuous one-party rule since 1955. Today Nikkyōso is affiliated to the trade union confederation Rengo. It had 290,857 members as of December 2009.

History
Nikkyōso was founded in June 1947, with assistance from the Japan Communist Party (JCP), as a national federation of local prefectural teachers unions, although in practice each of these unions had considerable autonomy and its own strengths and political orientation. At the time of its founding, Nikkyōso represented almost every single school teacher, university professor, and school staff member in Japan. Initially under the influence of the JCP, in 1950 Nikkyōso joined the nationwide Sōhyō labor confederation and thereafter became more closely affiliated with the Japan Socialist Party (JSP).

From the earliest days of its foundation, Nikkyōso took an extremely militant line against a series of conservative governments in Japan, leading to considerable antagonism between the union and the Ministry of Education. Major points of contention included government requirements that teachers sing the national anthem and salute the Japanese flag in class, training requirements for new teachers, government efforts to recentralize education, efforts to protect school autonomy, government curriculum mandates, and textbook censorship.

From the perspective of the conservative government and right-wing groups in Japan, Nikkyōso was viewed as akin to public enemy number one, as it was seen to be indoctrinating Japan's youth and college students into left-wing, pro-union, and even communistic modes of thought. The decade of the 1950s saw successive conservative governments attempt to break the power of Nikkyōso by introducing a "teacher efficiency ratings system," which the government could then use as an excuse to fire the most militant teachers, and which Nikkyōso fought tooth and nail to prevent. In his book The Enigma of Japanese Power, Karel van Wolferen describes the clashes between conservative forces and Nikkyōso during this period, including Ministers of Education who had previously served in the "Thought Police" of the 1930s using thugs to systematically attack union members, break up union meetings, and eliminate local elected boards of education. In 1961, police even uncovered a plot by right-wing groups to assassinate the leaders of Nikkyōso.

In the latter half of the 1950s, however, Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi made smashing Nikkyōso one of his personal missions. In 1958, Kishi finally succeeded in installing the long-delayed teacher efficiency ratings system, allowing the Ministry of Education to fire teachers almost at will. In the aftermath of this epoch-making defeat, Nikkyōso went into decline and began gradually losing members.

In the late 1980s, long-running internal disagreements within Nikkyōso on political orientation and on Nikkyōso's relationships to other national labor organizations finally produced major internal schisms. The union thus became less effective than in previous years at a time when the national government and the Ministry of Education were moving aggressively ahead with a major educational reform. Nikkyōso had staunchly opposed many of the proposed reforms by the Ministry, but it failed to forestall changes in certification and teacher training that it had viewed as an existential threat to its own survival. The new Nikkyōso leadership that emerged after several years of internal discord seemed to take a more conciliatory approach to the Ministry and reform issues, but Nikkyōso membership continued to decline thereafter.

Presidents

 * 1947: Araki Shozaburo
 * 1950: Oka Saburo
 * 1952: Takeshi Kobayashi
 * 1962: Miyanohara Sadamitsu
 * 1971: Motofumi Makieda
 * 1983: Shoju Ohba
 * 1990s:
 * 2004: Yasuo Morikoshi
 * 2008: Yuzuru Nakamura
 * 2012: Ryosuke Kato

title: Japan Teachers Union


text:
Siatista

Siatista (Σιάτιστα) is a town and a former municipality in Kozani regional unit, Western Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Voio, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. It lies 28 km southwest of Kozani. The municipal unit has an area of 158.524 km2, the community 94.426 km2. The 2021 Greek census recorded 5,057 residents in the town and 5,645 in the municipal unit. It was built on the austral slope of the Velia mountain on an (average) height of 930 m.

Administrative division

The municipal unit of Siatista consists of the following municipal communities (populations as of 2021):
 * Siatista, population 5,057
 * Mikrokastro, population 368
 * Palaiokastro, population 220

The municipal community of Palaiokastro comprises two settlements: Palaiokastro and Dafnero.

History

The first name of the city was Kalyvia. This name is referenced in the archives of the Zavordas Monastery.

In 1745, the city is referenced in a formal document of Joseph, Archbishop of Ohrid. The commercial ties between Siatista and Central Europe during 17th and 18th centuries were very successful, and allowed the inhabitants to build many mansions and churches with wonderful frescos and icons.

Siatista lies in a unique setting where its mountains and wilderness provide a strong sense of solitude. As a result, many Siatistans had to become merchants to import (or export) necessary goods. Many of them found their way abroad permanently or temporarily where they distinguished themselves as able and reliable merchants. Many of them who became wealthy never returned. Those who chose to return built large thick-walled mansions with imposing doors, lavishly decorated "ondas", stained glasses, and lively colours in the folk paintings on their walls. All of this embodies their high standard of living, a rather rare phenomenon for such an isolated town. Many of those mansions are still in good shape and can be found in the old city.

One self-made wealthy merchant was Theodoros Dimitriou who, together with his wife Afrati, left their town at 1790 for Zagreb, then an Austrian city. He managed to earn a significant fortune by trading a variety of goods which helped them to give a proper education to their children. Of them, Dimitrios became a leading figure in the Croatian national awakening movement (then under Austro-Hungarian rule) and a national writer, poet, dramatist and political activist. Recognized as one of the most learned people of his time, he was the first who imposed the Croatian language in the local literacy, he created the National Croatian Theater in Zagreb and became famous for his political activism for the Croatian national revival through his key role in many Croatian patriotic pamphlets at the time. Demeter's award for drama which established 35 years after his death (1872) stood until nowadays and his bust decorates the yard of the Croatian National Theater in Zagreb.

In 1888 Ioannis Trampatzes, another expatriate Greek merchant in Romania, donated the funds for the Trampatzeion Gymnasium. The gymnasium housed two large libraries, the Manouseios with 5,000 books and the Roussopouleios with 2,000.

Siatista was liberated from the Ottoman Turks by the Greek army on 4 November 1912, during the First Balkan War. In March 1943, the Battle of Fardykambos was fought near the town between the Royal Italian Army and the partisans of EAM-ELAS, with the participation of many of the local inhabitants.

Economy
The economy of Siatista, is predominantly anchored in the fur trade, with a long-standing tradition of fur craftsmanship. Local artisans and furriers in Siatista are renowned for their specialized skills in working with a variety of high-quality furs, including mink, fox, sable, and chinchilla. The town’s fur industry not only forms the backbone of its economic structure but also contributes significantly to the regional and national economic landscape. The meticulous artistry and entrepreneurial spirit of Siatista's furriers have established the town as a pivotal hub for the fur industry, catering to both the domestic and international luxury markets.

Celebrations

 * 15 August – Assumption of Mary – The male inhabitants of Siatista parade with their horses down to a chapel in the plain and return with the icon of the Panagia. In the feast and party that ensues the men dance on the backs of their horses. The local wine flows freely, even for their equine friends.
 * 23 December – Κλαδαριές (Klatharies) – On this day the inhabitants build tall, (three to six metres), conical shaped mounds that are decorated sparsely with balloons and tinsel. Each neighbourhood group gathers weeds and sticks of wood from the surrounding area throughout the preceding fall, with some groups historically sabotaging one another days before the event. After nightfall, a parade, including a brass band playing local music, starts at the entrance of the town, and marches up from Γεράνια (Yerania), to the top of the town. In succession each mound of brush is set afire as the parade reaches the neighbourhood.  The inhabitants then dance around the fires. Many of the village youth then stay up all night around the remnants of the bonfires to start carolling early in the morning of Christmas Eve, collecting money while singing door to door.

Notable people

 * Alexandros Rosios, politician
 * Michail Papageorgiou, philosopher
 * Peristera Kraka, commander of rebel forces during the 1878 Greek Macedonian rebellion
 * Markides Pouliou brothers, publishers of Efimeris in Vienna and partners of Rigas Feraios
 * Thalia Flora-Karavia, painter
 * Theodoros Manousis, historian
 * Theodoros Natsinas, teacher
 * Spyridon Samaras, Greek composer and playwright, his father was a native of Siatista.

title: Siatista


text: User talk:81.152.24.173

title: User talk:81.152.24.173


text:
Movie Review Query Engine

The Movie Review Query Engine, also known as MRQE, is an online index of movie reviews. Registered users are able to access movie-specific forums and provide their own reviews. The site aggregates reviews, news, interviews, and other material associated to specific movies. The site also provides a searchable index of all new film releases and DVD reviews.

Since 1993, its database and search engine have been continuously upgraded by Stewart Clamen. MRQE's database of movies includes classic and modern films, foreign and domestic films, major releases and independent films. MRQE also provides information for movies in theaters, movies out on DVD/Blu-ray; plus movies shown on AMC, Turner Classic Movies (TCM), and Independent Film Channel (IFC) channels. Through its partnership with the New York business development and investment firm Loft Group, and with movie blogs, their content is collected in the MRQE database and made available for search by any user.

title: Movie Review Query Engine


text:
Hugh, Count of Champagne

Hugh (c. 1074 – c. 1130) was a French noble who was the first Count of Champagne. He was known for donating the valley that was used as the site for the Clairvaux Abbey and going on several pilgrimages to the Holy Land. During his second visit, Hugh de Paynes, a knight in his service, stayed in Jerusalem and established the Knights Templar. Hugh later gave up his wealth and lands to join the Templar Order.

Biography
Hugh was the third son of Theobald III, Count of Blois and Adele of Valois, bearing the title Count of Bar-sur-Aube. His older brother Odo IV, Count of Troyes, died in 1093, leaving him master of Troyes, where he centred his court, Bar-sur-Aube and Vitry-le-François. In this way the three contiguous countships that formed the core of an emerging Champagne were united in his person, and though he preferred "Count of Troyes", the oldest of his lordships and site of the only bishopric in his domains, many contemporary documents call him the count of Champagne, the title preferred by his descendants.

His first recorded act, a monastic gift in 1094, became the oldest document of the comital archive. The act of his that resonated longest in history was his grant of lands in 1115 to the monk Bernard of the reformed Benedictines at Cîteaux—the Cistercians—in order to found Clairvaux Abbey, a Cistercian monastery at Clairvaux (in the present Ville-sous-la-Ferté), in a wild valley of a tributary of the Aube, where Bernard was appointed abbot and became famous as Bernard of Clairvaux. Hugh's charter makes over to the new foundation Clairvaux and its dependencies, fields, meadows, vineyards, woods and water. A deeply affectionate letter from Bernard to Hugh survives, written in 1125, as Hugh went off for a third time to fight in the Holy Land, joining the Knights Templar, leaving his pregnant wife, and disinheriting his son Odo – according to later sources, Hugh believed himself impotent and never acknowledged his son. Instead, he transferred his titles to his nephew, who became Theobald II of Champagne. Odo's two sons, Odo II of Champlitte and William of Champlitte were important figures in the Fourth Crusade.

Hugh married first Constance, daughter of King Philip I of France and Bertha of Holland. Their only child, a son called Manasses, died young. He married second Isabella, daughter of Stephen I, Count of Burgundy and niece of Pope Callixtus II and they had issue:
 * Eudes/Odo I, married to Sibylle de La Ferte-sur-L'Aube and had two sons:
 * Odo II of Champlitte died 1204, one of the leaders of the IV Crusade.
 * William I 1160s - 1209, prince of Achaea and founder of the Principality.

When Hugh became a Knight Templar himself in 1125, the Order comprised few more than a dozen knights, and the first Grand Master of the Templars was a vassal of his, Hugues de Payens, who had been with him at Jerusalem in 1114. While in the kingdom of Jerusalem, Hugh appeared with the king, Baldwin II, in two documents, but there is no trace of him after 1130.

Hugh was also the generous patron of the abbeys of Montieramey Abbey and of Molesme, making grants from his castle of Isle-Aumont, south of Troyes. In a surviving letter to him from Ivo of Chartres (Letter CCCXLV), the Bishop of Chartres reminds him of his obligations of marriage, perhaps to deter him from making vows of continence.

title: Hugh, Count of Champagne


text: User talk:24.250.249.103

title: User talk:24.250.249.103


text:
User talk:Ian Geoffrey Kennedy

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
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 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
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 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Note: Please post your comments on a talk page section at its bottom instead of fragmenting it across the discussion. You can also use : and * to indent so your text can be disattached from other's comments. Also, it was User:RHaworth who did most of the work, so you might want to thank him instead. -- Mgm|(talk) 09:03, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)

Done long ago! Groete. Ian Geoffrey Kennedy 09:41, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

merge templates etc.
Hi, good to have an account to talk to you on. I've added back wikifi/merge templates to Teletraffic grade of service. Two reasons; firstly we aim to have one page on each topic, so I believe these should be merged. Secondly, it's considered somewhat bad practice to delete such things without explanation.. it's better to put a clear explanation in the edit summary (at the bottom of the edit box) and not mark as minor. In any case, look forward to further collaberation. Mozzerati 19:05, 2005 Apr 21 (UTC) Done today. Thanks for your caring advice. Ian Geoffrey Kennedy

Nomination of Traffic volume for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Traffic volume is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Traffic volume until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Why should I have a User Name? (talk) 19:33, 7 November 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:59, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ian Geoffrey Kennedy


text:
Wingfield Manor

Wingfield Manor is a ruined manor house left deserted since the 1770s, near the village of South Wingfield and some 4 mi west of the town of Alfreton in the English county of Derbyshire. There is a working farm that forms part of the old manor.

It is now in the care of English Heritage, listed on Historic England's Heritage at Risk Register, and is not open currently to the public.

History
Construction of the manor began in 1441 for Treasurer to Henry VI, Sir Ralph Cromwell, though the building was not completed until after his death when John Talbot, the second Earl of Shrewsbury, bought the property. His family maintained the manor within the property for nearly two hundred years. After which, Parliament decreed that the manor be dismantled and allowed to fall into ruin, and parts were taken for building materials, leaving behind the present ruins. It is also considered to house the first flushing toilet, built in 1596.

Mary, Queen of Scots, at Wingfield
The sixth Earl of Shrewsbury was entrusted with the care of Mary, Queen of Scots, when she was detained from 1569 onward, in his various houses around Derbyshire, Wingfield among them. In August 1569 the Earl was anxious to move Mary from Wingfield. He wanted to take her to Sheffield because Wingfield needed cleaning. There were over 240 people in residence and the manor "waxed unsavoury." At Sheffield, the Earl had two houses, Sheffield Castle and Sheffield Manor and could easily move the queen between them when cleaning was necessary. Mary was still at Wingfield at the time of the Rebellion of the North in November 1569. The Earl of Shrewsbury heard of a plot to release Mary at that time. The Earl of Northumberland and his wife had come to stay nearby at Wentworth House. The alleged escape plan involved the Countess of Northumberland pretending to be a nurse and coming to attend Christine Hogg, the pregnant wife of the embroiderer Bastian Pagez. The Countess was "something like the queen in personage" and would take Mary's place while she escaped.

Queen Elizabeth wrote to the Earl of Shrewsbury on 14 March 1570 giving permission for him to move Mary back to Wingfield because the water supply at Tutbury Castle was inadequate. The Earl had hoped to take Mary to Chatsworth House and also made preparations there.

Mary was back at Wingfield in 1584 and Ralph Sadler described in October how the "castle" was guarded by soldiers armed with pistols, muskets and halberds, and the difficult terrain nearby which would deter escape. He wrote about the unsatisfactory conditions in November, when she was to move to Tutbury Castle. Mary's bedchamber at Wingfield was too close to the kitchens and the "smoke and scent of meat" from below, despite being the best lodging in the house.

It may have been at Wingfield that Mary met Anthony Babington, whose family lived at Dethick nearby, who organised the abortive Babington Plot, a Recusant Catholic plot against Elizabeth I. The walnut tree in the north courtyard is reputed to have grown from a seed left when Anthony Babington smeared walnut juice over his face to disguise himself and enter the castle to see Mary, Queen of Scots. However, the tree is not old enough for this story to be true.

The Civil War
At the time of the English Civil War (1642–48), the manor was in the hands of Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke, a Parliament supporter. The manor was taken by the Royalists in 1643 and then, after a short siege (albeit interrupted by the Battle of Marston Moor), retaken by Parliament in August 1644, after several large siege engines had destroyed part of the western curtain wall. Wingfield Manor located in what was then a strategic position near a main north-south artery of the country and also a key east-west link at the southern end of the Pennines. It was partially demolished at the end of the Civil War on instructions from Parliament in order that it could never be used again for defensive purposes - not that it was built as a castle in the first place.

Along the curtain walls and on the towers can still be seen the damage caused by cannonballs. One in particular on the north wall, shows by its shape, the direction of fire, indicating the direction of the cannons used in the 1644 siege, four 32 pounders, borrowed for the occasion. Initially these cannon were positioned on the hill to the east, the site of an old Roman fort, but the distance was too great and the only damage incurred was to a half moon battery outside the main gate, which is overgrown but still visible. The guns were moved to the west, to manor top, and it was from here that the southern part of the west curtain wall was demolished, after which the Royalists surrendered. After the war the manor was deliberately ruined so it would never again be used for defence. The Great Hall of the manor was renovated some years later for Immanuel Halton, an astronomer. In the 18th Century it was abandoned (apart from the farmhouse in the centre) and then further damaged when stone was taken for building Wingfield Hall, in the valley below.

Current remains
The remains include a usable tower, part of a greater tower that included, before the English Civil War, one of the earliest flushing systems in England. A cistern of water, positioned at the top of the tower, was emptied through the toilet area into the moat. The remains of the great hall, once one of the largest in the country, contains an oriel window, where light would once have shone through coloured glass and illuminated the high table. The undercroft below the great hall was used for the storage of wine, beer and food, and had stairs on each corner going up to the great hall. The kitchens were connected to the great hall by a passageway. The remains of two bread ovens can be seen, along with two large fireplaces. There is also a great stone barn, notable for the internal timbering; and the gate above the entrance to the north court contains a carved representation of moneybags, the symbol of the exchequer, Lord Cromwell.

title: Wingfield Manor


text: User talk:217.68.123.14

title: User talk:217.68.123.14


text:
United People's Party (Jamaica)

The United People's Party is a political party in Jamaica. It was started by Antoinette Haughton-Cardenas in 2001 and first contested national elections in 2002, but received only 548 votes and failed to win a seat. It did not contest any further elections.

title: United People's Party (Jamaica)


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/North america terrain 2003 map.jpg

North america terrain 2003 map.jpg
Shows the separate pieces of rock which formed North America over various time periods. The image page contains text and various related images. All those images but one two are from the same source, they were separated for multiple contexts and to make multilingual use easier. Hawaii and logos were tucked in during editing of this image, to make cropping or relabeling easier. Used JPEG due to amount of detail; 2MB limit followed; original source has much larger and detailed versions.
 * P.S.: Only the squarish Image #1 is nominated. Image #2 with 4 maps is another path into the collection (Image #2 is not on the page for Image #1 because of problems with thumbnails overlaying galleries, and it is not really necessary there). - SEWilco 17:13, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Used in
 * North America
 * Geology of the United States of America
 * (obviously waiting for a Geology of North America page)

Related image Image:North_america_rock_types.jpg used in
 * North America
 * Geology of the United States of America
 * Rock (geology)

 * Nominate and support. Self-nominated by creator - SEWilco 09:08, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Great stuff. Junes 13:49, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support #1. Why not upload the full-size image to the Commons, though, which has a larger maximum file size?  (10MB, if I'm not mistaken.) —Korath (Talk) 14:20, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Answer: It is a US Gov image, and I'm not putting such in Commons because US Gov PD is not global PD. (SEWilco 16:26, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC))
 * A big part of Commons images are US Gov PD (e.g. from NASA). Dont see any problem putting it in Commons --Bricktop 01:36, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I've just read too much in the Copyright discussions for my image's own good. I'll have to check every few months to see if other countries have changed laws, or if I can find new WikiPolicy.  (SEWilco 01:47, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC))
 * Support number 1. Ah, that detail! Jonas Olson 14:59, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 0_0 support Circeus 00:40, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * I got a wide-eyed frog ranking! Yay! (SEWilco 01:47, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC))
 * Support very nice work! --Bricktop 01:36, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support 1. -- brian0918  ™  19:41, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. One of the best maps I have seen here. -- Solipsist 19:31, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose - the combination of colors is awkward, making it difficult to read the terrain. The map in my geology textbook is better. - Pioneer-12 23:22, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * +8/-1 BrokenSegue 11:44, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)


text: Category:Political parties in Jamaica

title: Category:Political parties in Jamaica


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Teleplan

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 22:42, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Teleplan
This article was created in January. First part looks like advertising, then comes a "Is this a beautiful fairytale or what!!" which makes it look like an attack or parody. Teleplan is probably a notable business, but this article should be deleted. Sjakkalle 09:09, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete That's wierd, reads like a real article that got vandailsed, but history shows just one author. Delete, let somone make a good article someday if notable. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  12:06, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Actually, it's a copyvio: .  Looks like it was a cut'n'paste by a disgruntled employee.  -- Mwanner 12:21, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:2005 Nias Island Sea King crash

Awards for Shark 02 crew
Peter, you've steered a nimble course through the awards topic - without getting too detailed, you've pretty much nailed it! While more detail isn't necessary in the article, it's worth pointing out a few things:

- the Indonesian award was an award for valor - the Australian honours system doesn't make awards for dying, so there never was an equivalent award that the Australian system could make.

- the problem of awarding the Humanitarian Overseas Service Medal for tsuanmi-relief was much broader than Shark 02 - no part of the tsunami relief operation, military or civilian, would have met the criteria under the existing regulations for the award! The Shark 02 accident provided the political impetus to act on this broader issue, with the result that the Shark 02 crew, and all other members of ADF (and 21 other eligible organisations) who met the service criteria could be recognised for their serivce. Note that the Shark 02 crew were recognised by Indonesia for "valour", but by Australia for their "operational service". They were not recognised by Australia for dying on duty.

Guran70 05:59, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

Article needs renaming
Shark 02 → Nias Island Sea King accident — I'm not sure that the callsign of a helicopter is the appropriate title for an article on the helicopter's crash and the aftermath. I think the article title should reflect the main subject of the article, which is the crash on Nias Island, and not the operating history of the helicopter. I'm suggesting that the article be renamed Nias Island Sea King accident, taking the name of the incident as given in the RAN Board of Inquiry report. However, I'm open to suggestions as to the name. -- saberwyn 06:54, 1 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Looking at other articles in the associated categories, I'd suggest 2005 Nias Island WS-61 Sea King crash. See 2009 Quito B200 King Air crash, 2008 Spain Pilatus PC-6 crash, etc. Dekimasu よ! 00:37, 8 June 2009 (UTC)

This article has been renamed as the result of a move request. Vegaswikian (talk) 21:06, 8 June 2009 (UTC)

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://sixtyminutes.ninemsn.com.au/sixtyminutes/stories/2006_04_02/story_1601.asp
 * In 2005 Nias Island WS-61 Sea King crash on 2011-05-25 08:03:06, 404 Not Found
 * In 2005 Nias Island WS-61 Sea King crash on 2011-06-12 02:23:19, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 02:23, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

The title of the article is crash
Where is the content detailing the crash and its causes and aftermath.e Especially as one sentence reveals that the report has been made public and there is no content!! 80% or more of this article is about peripheral issues.Petebutt (talk) 22:14, 23 June 2012 (UTC)

Ok, 3.5 years later and this has not been addressed. We have memorials and awards and an admiral who knows his integrity is on line, and we have a maintenance program that got something wrong, and a failed bellcrank. Is anyone gonna take this on? Dcs002 (talk) 06:09, 16 January 2016 (UTC)
 * DIY always works best if you have an interest in the topic. Nick-D (talk) 09:16, 16 January 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:2005 Nias Island Sea King crash