text:
Jørn Lande

Jørn Marumsrud Lande (born 31 May 1968) is a Norwegian hard rock and heavy metal singer. He is known for his work with the bands Ark, Beyond Twilight, Millenium, Vagabond, The Snakes, and most notably with power metal band Masterplan. He is also the most recurrent guest singer of the international supergroup Avantasia, and has worked as lead and guest singer in several projects. Currently, he is focusing his activities on his solo project Jorn. In 2014, Lande was hired by Riot Games to be the voice of the character Karthus, of the fictional heavy metal band Pentakill (League of Legends).

Vagabond, the Snakes and first projects (1993–1998)
The first band with whom Jørn achieved minor success was Vagabond, which featured Ronni Le Tekrø, Morty Black and other former members of the Norwegian hard rock band TNT. Their self-titled debut album, released in 1994, sold 10,000 copies in Norway, but the band were dropped by label EMI. At this time, Jørn recorded the lead vocals for the Norway national football team's song for the 1994 World Cup, "Alt for Norge" (Everything for Norway). The second Vagabond album, A Huge Fan of Life, was released in Europe on the band's own record label. The end of Vagabond came with the reformation of TNT in 1996, and subsequently the band members went their separate ways, with Jørn joining a band formed in 1997 by former Whitesnake guitarists Bernie Marsden and Micky Moody called the Snakes. After a tour with the Snakes playing mostly Whitesnake covers and the recording of an album released only in Japan called Once Bitten, Jørn was fired from the band and joined other projects, including the Symphonic Metal band Mundanus Imperium, which resulted on the album The Spectral Spheres Coronation.

Ark, Millenium, Beyond Twilight, first solo albums (1999–2001)
Later on, Jørn got together with guitarist Tore Østby (Conception) and drummer John Macaluso to form the progressive metal band Ark and record their first self titled album in 1999. Right after in 2000, he also made part of the American hard rock band Millenium, led by guitarist Ralph Santolla, and recorded the vocals for their album Hourglass. The same year, John Macaluso from Ark, who was also playing with Yngwie Malmsteen's band, made contact with the guitarist to include Jørn on a mini tour in Europe, as they needed a vocalist for the band. The collaboration between Lande and Malmsteen didn't endure and Jørn left the band in the middle of the tour. Also in the same year, Jørn recorded his first solo album called Starfire, which featured mostly cover songs and several band members from his past and current bands as the musicians of the album.

The second Ark album Burn the Sun was released in 2001. Also in 2001, he teamed up with keyboardist Finn Zierler and formed the project Beyond Twilight which led to the album The Devil's Hall of Fame. Still in the same year, Jørn released his second solo album Worldchanger.

Masterplan, Allen/Lande and other projects (2002–2010)
In 2002, Jørn joined the melodic power metal band Masterplan, formed with Roland Grapow and Uli Kusch after both were fired from Helloween. Jørn released two successful albums with Masterplan, playing at big festivals and tours around the world from 2003 to 2006 until he left the band on 11 May 2006, because of creative differences. Jørn wanted to take the band towards a more melodic style, while the other members were leaning towards a heavier sound. During the time as member of Masterplan, Jorn also released two solo albums via the band's record label AFM Records: Out to Every Nation in 2004 and The Duke in 2006. After his departure from Masterplan, Jørn concentrated more on his solo career and started a longtime partnership with the record company Frontiers Records.

In 2005, Jørn teamed up with Symphony X vocalist Russell Allen in a singer-duet collaboration on the album The Battle, and their following album, The Revenge, released 11 May 2007. The project is commonly called Allen-Lande and was put together by the president of Frontiers Records, with songwriting duties and most of the instrumentation done by Swedish guitarist Magnus Karlsson.

Jorn's first live album, Live in America, was released 21 September 2007, containing two discs with tracks taken from his performance on 16 September 2006, at the rock festival ProgPower VII in Atlanta, Georgia.

In 2008, Jørn Lande lent his voice to the rock opera bands Ayreon on the album 01011001 and Avantasia on the album The Scarecrow, both released in January 2008. He was also one of the main guests in the first Avantasia's world tour. Later, he was featured on over 10 songs on Avantasia's two subsequent albums, The Wicked Symphony and Angel of Babylon and once again took part in the world tour in December 2010.

Jørn released two more full-length albums with his own band, Lonely Are the Brave in 2008 and Spirit Black, right one year after.

On 25 July 2009, Masterplan announced that Jørn was back in the band. Masterplan's 3rd album with Jørn Lande is titled Time to Be King and was released on 21 May 2010.

Dio tribute album, Heaven and Hell and Jorn establishment (2010–2013)
In late May, a Jorn music video honoring legendary heavy metal singer Ronnie James Dio, who had died of stomach cancer just five days before, was posted on YouTube. Soon after it was announced that Jørn would release a Dio tribute album in July. Later on, it was announced that Jørn was included in the line up of Heaven & Hell, when the remaining members played the one off tribute to Ronnie James Dio at the 2010 High Voltage festival. He was one of the vocalists together with Glenn Hughes.

The third Allen/Lande album titled The Showdown has been announced for release in September 2010. To promote the album, Frontiers Records released a videoclip of the song Judgement Day featuring Jørn singing, via YouTube.

In 2011, Jorn released his second live album with footage from the concert of the 2010 Sweden Rock Festival, the album was called Live in Black. Also in 2011, he was a guest on female singer Amanda Somerville's first metal project Trillium singing on the vocal duet track 'Scream It'.

A new Jorn album called Bring Heavy Rock to the Land was released on 1 June 2012 in Europe and 5 June 2012 in North America via Frontiers Records. It has a single for the title track released on 14 May 2012.

In November 2012, the record company AFM Records announced the production of a new Masterplan album with a new line-up, including Rick Altzi (At Vance) replacing Jørn Lande as vocalist.

Jorn's first release for 2013 is called Symphonic, a compilation of previous recordings with classical music arrangement.

On 15 April 2013, it was also announced a new Jorn full-length album called Traveller, which was released in 11 June in North America and 14 June in Europe.

Allen/Lande reformed, Pentakill, Dracula and return to Avantasia (2013–present)
Jørn Lande also announced in an interview that a new Allen/Lande album was in the works but this time with songwriting and production made by former Stratovarius guitarist Timo Tolkki, replacing Magnus Karlsson. On 24 July 2013, Timo Tolkki also confirmed the role in the project via his Facebook page. The album The Great Divide was released on 17 October in Europe and 21 October 2014 in North America. This time, Lande has also contributed with some vocal melodies and lyrics to the songs.

In 2014, Lande provided lead vocals for songs Lightbringer and Thornmail for the fictional League of Legends band, Pentakill (named after the rare occurrence of one player defeating all five of the enemy team in quick succession) taking the role of Karthus, a lich that serves as one of the playable characters in the game. The first single, Lightbringer, was released on 27 May, and the full album, Smite and Ignite, was released on 3 June 2014.

The same year, it was announced a project created by Lande together with guitarist Trond Holter (former Wig Wam), an album rock opera based telling the story of Bram Stoker's Dracula. It was released on 23 January in Europe and 27 January 2015 in North America and it's called Swing Of Death. They performed the whole album live on 1 May 2015 at the Karmoygeddon Festival in Norway.

In 2015, Jorn performed live with the fictional League of Legends band Pentakill in São Paulo, Brazil during the CBLOL (League of Legends Brazilian Championship) grand final. He was singing in a duet with the character Karthus (portrayed by Brazilian singer, former Hangar, Nando Fernandes).

The same year, it was announced that Jorn would be returning to Avantasia, recording vocals for the album Ghostlights and taking part in the 2016 world tour.

Jorn was also announced as one of the guests of former Allen/Lande instrumentalist/producer Magnus Karlsson's new album Kingdom of Rock, from his project Free Fall. Jorn sings the first and self-titled track.

In 2016, Jorn announced a new release called Heavy Rock Radio, his third album consisting only of covers songs from artists that inspired him to start a musical career. This time the album would include covers from pop artists such as Kate Bush, Frida, John Farnham and also some rock icons such as Paul Stanley, Queen, Iron Maiden, Journey, Eagles and many more. The album was released on 3 June 2016.

In 2017, a new full length Jorn album with original songs was announced. Called Life On Death Road, its release date is 2 June 2017 and features all musicians from the band Voodoo Circle, except the singer. The same year, he was also invited to sing most of the songs in the second Pentakill album Grasp of the Undying, released on 3 August 2017. He also performed live once again with the band in Brazil during the CBLOL (League of Legends Brazilian Championship) 2017 edition grand final, in the city of Belo Horizonte.

Jorn participated in Melodi Grand Prix 2021, the Norwegian preselection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2021, with the song "Faith Bloody Faith". The song did not qualify from Heat 1, however Jorn won the Second Chance round and advanced to the final as the wild card entry where he made the Gold Final before losing to KEiiNO and TIX.

On 11 April 2021, Jørn performed with Pentakill at LCS Mid-Season Showdown, debuting a new song from the band.

As guest vocalist

 * Embee (Mai Britt) Normann
 * Wonderland (1993), backing vocals

 * Drillos
 * Alt For Norge (single) (1994), Norway national football team's official song for 1994 FIFA World Cup 1994

 * Dag Kolsrud
 * December II (1991), songs 'Someone To Love', 'Mary Tomorrow' & 'We Wish You A Merry Christmas'
 * Got A Mind Set On Gold (single) (1996), song 'A Few Good Men'
 * My First Choice (single) (1999)
 * Famous (single) (2002), Norway team's official song for the 2002 Olympic Games in Salt Lake City, (English and Norwegian language versions)

 * Tor Talle
 * Songs from the Heart (1999), songs 'Don't Turn Away' & 'After Love'

 * Nikolo Kotzev
 * Nikolo Kotzev's Nostradamus (2001), as The Inquisitor

 * Norwegian Gospel Voices
 * Let's Dance (2002), song 'Le Freak'

 * Brazen Abbot
 * Guilty As Sin (2003), songs 'Eyes on the Horizon', 'Mr. Earthman', 'Bring the Colors Home' & 'A Whole Lotta Woman'

 * Diesel Dahl & Friends
 * Happy Birthday Harley Davidson: Tribute To A Legend (2003), song 'Harley Davidson'

 * Re-Play
 * Re-Pita Mania 2 (2003), song 'Love Don't Bother Me'

 * Thunderlords
 * Fire In The Sky (single) (2005)

 * Bjørn Øyvind Bya & Jørn Lande
 * Så Er Vi Her Igjen (Cupfinale Låta) (single) (2006)

 * Ken Hensley
 * Blood on the Highway (2007)
 * Blood on the Highway – The Exclusive Release Concert (live album) (2008)

 * Genius – A Rock Opera
 * Episode 3: The Final Surprise (2007) as Apikor

 * Avantasia
 * Lost in Space Part I (2007)
 * Lost in Space Part II (2007)
 * The Scarecrow (2008)
 * The Wicked Symphony (2010)
 * Angel of Babylon (2010)
 * The Flying Opera (live album) (2011)
 * Ghostlights (2016)
 * Moonglow (2019)
 * A Paranormal Evening with the Moonflower Society (2022)

 * Ayreon
 * 01011001 (2008)

 * Olle Johnny Lande
 * Tidssignal (2010)

 * Pushking
 * The World As We Love It (2011), song 'Heroin'

 * Amanda Somerville's Trillium
 * Alloy (2011), song 'Scream It'

 * David Lande
 * Take The Wheel (single) – (2013), backing vocals

 * Pentakill – League of Legends
 * Smite And Ignite (2014) as Karthus, songs 'Lightbringer' & 'Thornmail'
 * Grasp of the Undying (2017) as Karthus, songs 'The Bloodthirster', 'Cull', 'Mortal Reminder', 'Dead Man's Plate' & 'Frozen Heart'
 * Lost Chapter (2021) as Karthus, songs 'Lost Chapter', 'Edge of Night', 'Gathering Storm', 'Executioner's Calling', 'Last Stand', 'Redemption' & 'Lightbringer - Acoustic'

 * Magnus Karlsson's Free Fall
 * Kingdom of Rock (2015), song 'Kingdom of Rock'

 * Oceans of Time
 * Trust (2016), song 'Grapes of Baccus'

 * Martin Simson's Destroyer of Death
 * Master of All (single) (2021)

Band members/guests
Current lineup:
 * Tore Moren – guitars (Worldchanger, The Duke, Unlocking the Past, The Gathering, Live in America, Lonely Are The Brave, Spirit Black, Dio, Live in Black, Bring Heavy Rock to the Land, Live on Death Road, Heavy Rock Radio II, Over The Horizon Radar, guest on Starfire, additional guitars on Heavy Rock Radio)
 * Adrian SB - guitars (Over The Horizon Radar)
 * Francesco Jovino – drums (Heavy Rock Radio, Life On Death Road, Live on Death Road, Heavy Rock Radio II, Over The Horizon Radar)
 * Alessandro Del Vecchio – keyboards (Heavy Rock Radio, Life On Death Road, Live on Death Road, Heavy Rock Radio II, Over The Horizon Radar)
 * Øyvind Strønen – bass (Live)

Former:

Guitars:
 * Jørn Viggo Lofstad – guitars (Out to Every Nation, The Duke, Unlocking the Past, The Gathering, Live in America, Lonely Are The Brave, additional guitars on Heavy Rock Radio)
 * Jimmy Iversen – guitars (Spirit Black, Bring Heavy Rock to the Land, Traveller, additional guitars on Heavy Rock Radio)
 * Trond Holter – guitars (Traveller, Heavy Rock Radio)
 * Tor Erik Myhre – guitars (Dio, Live in Black)
 * Alex Beyrodt – guitars (Life On Death Road)
 * Igor Gianola – guitars (Live, additional guitars on Spirit Black, Dio and Heavy Rock Radio II)
 * Jon Berg – guitars (additional guitars on Spirit Black)
 * Tore Østby – guitars (guest on Starfire, Unlocking the Past)
 * Ralph Santolla – guitars (guest on Starfire, Unlocking the Past)
 * Ronni Le Tekrø – guitars (guest on Starfire, Unlocking the Past)
 * Gus G – guitars (guest on Life On Death Road)
 * Craig Goldy – guitars (guest on Life On Death Road)

Bass:
 * Sid Ringsby – bass (Worldchanger, Lonely Are The Brave, Spirit Black, Live on Death Road, Heavy Rock Radio II, additional bass on Heavy Rock Radio)
 * Morty Black – bass (The Duke, The Gathering, Unlocking the Past)
 * Nic Angileri – bass (Dio, Live in Black, Bring Heavy Rock to the Land, additional bass on Spirit Black and Heavy Rock Radio)
 * Steinar Krokmo – bass (Live in America, guest on Unlocking the Past)
 * Thomas Bekkevold – bass (Heavy Rock Radio)
 * Magnus Rosén – bass (Out to Every Nation)
 * Bernt Jansen – bass (Traveller)
 * Mat Sinner – bass (Life On Death Road)
 * Nik Mazzucconi – bass (Over The Horizon Radar)
 * Espen Mjöen – bass (additional Bass on Lonely Are The Brave, Spirit Black and Traveller)

Drums:
 * Willy Bendiksen – drums (The Duke, Unlocking the Past, The Gathering, Live in America, Lonely Are The Brave, Spirit Black, Dio, Live in Black, Bring Heavy Rock to the Land, Traveller, guest on Starfire, additional drums on Heavy Rock Radio)
 * Stian Kristoffersen – drums (Out to Every Nation, guest on Live in America)
 * Jan Axel von Blomberg – drums (Worldchanger)
 * Beata Polak – drums (Live on Death Road)
 * John Macaluso – drums (Starfire)
 * Jon A . Narum – drums, samples, bass, guitars, melotrone (guest on Starfire)
 * Christian Svendsen – drums (Live)

Keyboards:
 * Dag Stokke – keyboards (Starfire)
 * Ronny Tegner – keyboards (Out to Every Nation)
 * Lasse Jensen – keyboards (additional keyboards on Heavy Rock Radio)
 * Lasse Finbråten – keyboards (guest on Live in America)

title: Jørn Lande


text:
User:Mogelzahn

Hello,

I'm User "Mogelzahn" from Germany. More about me you can read at my German Userpage. de:Benutzer:Mogelzahn

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Mogelzahn


text: User talk:68.80.191.160

title: User talk:68.80.191.160


text:
Mike Bliss

Michael Duane Bliss (born April 5, 1965) is an American professional stock car racing driver. A journeyman NASCAR competitor and the 2002 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series champion, he has run in all three national series.

Racing career
Bliss began racing at age 10. He captured his first major victory in 1993 with the USAC Silver Crown National Championship.

1995–1999
Bliss began racing in NASCAR in 1995, driving the Nos. 08 and 2 Ford F-150 for Ultra Motorsports in the new Craftsman Truck Series. Competing in 19 out of 20 races, Bliss picked up a win at North Wilkesboro Speedway and finished eighth in points. The next year, with sponsorship from Team ASE Racing, he won at Evergreen and I-70 and finished fifth in points. In 1998, he made his debut in the upper-NASCAR ranks. First, he finished 26th at the Kenwood Home & Car Audio 300 driving a car owned by Kevin Schwantz, then two weeks later, finished seventh at Indianapolis Raceway Park for Michael Waltrip Racing. He also ran a pair of Winston Cup races that season, finishing 25th at Martinsville Speedway in the No. 96 for American Equipment Racing.

After winning six poles and finishing tenth in points in 1998, Bliss announced he would not return to the team after 1998, and signed with Roush Racing to drive the No. 99 Exide Batteries Ford. He picked up a win at Heartland Park Topeka and finished ninth in points. During the season, he began to pick up offers to run in the Cup Series, and left Roush. In 1999, Bliss ran two Winston Cup races for Bahari Racing with sponsorship from Sara Lee products.

2000–2004
In 2000, Bliss signed to drive the No. 14 Conseco Pontiac Grand Prix owned by A.J. Foyt Racing in a bid for NASCAR Winston Cup Series Rookie of the Year honors. Because the team had no owner's points, Bliss failed to qualify for three out of the first four races of the season, and he was quickly released. He soon signed to drive the No. 27 Pfizer/Viagra Pontiac for Eel River Racing. He had a ninth-place run at Talladega Superspeedway and finished 39th in points that year.

Bliss was unable to pick up a full-time ride for the 2001 season. He finished 40th at Daytona International Speedway in a one-race deal for David Ridling, but that team soon closed its doors. During the middle of the season, he briefly returned to Eel River after they fired their regular driver but he was unable to qualify for a race. Late in the season, he garnered a ninth-place run at South Boston in a one-race deal for IWX Racing's Steve Coulter.

In 2002, Coulter returned full-time to the Truck Series and signed Bliss as the driver. Bliss picked up five wins and won the Truck series championship. He would sign to drive the No. 20 Rockwell Automation Chevrolet for Joe Gibbs Racing in the Busch Series the following year, posting 14 Top 10s and finishing 10th in points. That same year, he competed in the International Race of Champions, winning at Chicagoland Speedway. He ran only one Winston Cup race in 2002, subbing for Jamie McMurray (who was subbing for the injured Sterling Marlin, but had a prior commitment) in the No. 40 Coors Light-sponsored Dodge. In 2004, Bliss picked up his first career Busch win at Lowe's Motor Speedway and finished fifth in points. After he was declined a job as driver for Gibbs’ Cup program, Bliss announced his departure, and replaced Ward Burton at Haas CNC Racing’s Cup ride, posting a tenth place run at Darlington Raceway.

Before leaving Joe Gibbs Racing, Mike Bliss had his career-best finish to date in his Cup series career in the 2004 Chevy Rock & Roll 400. Bliss, driving the No. 80 Hunt's Ketchup-sponsored JGR car, got penalized for speeding on pit road on lap 332. Despite this, he formed a tremendous comeback, climbing through the field during the final 50 laps, and finishing fourth, his first and only Top 5 to date.

2005–2009
Bliss signed with Haas CNC full-time in 2005, where he posted two Top 10's in the latter half of the season and finished 28th in points. He came near to a Cup victory, nearly winning a large bonus paycheck and a win in the Nextel Open event but was crashed by Brian Vickers on the final lap in the final turn. Vickers won the race and the bonus paycheck, while Bliss slid across the finish line in second-place. Mike Bliss was visibly upset with Vickers in the post-race ceremonies saying "I just got plain dumped and I would not have wrecked him to win this race. Now he is in the big show (the All-Star Race) and I am not."

At the end of the year, Bliss departed to return to the No. 16 in the Truck Series, winning at Atlanta Motor Speedway and finishing eleventh in the final standings. In addition, he ran a part-time in the Busch Series this season, splitting time between Frank Cicci Racing with Jim Kelly and SKI Motorsports. Late in the season, Bliss began driving the No. 49 BAM Racing Dodge Nextel Cup Car, and finished out the 2006 season driving the car for BAM. Bliss was signed to drive the car in 2007, but after a long string of DNQs, he resigned from the organization midway through the season. He drove the first four races of the 2007 Craftsman Truck season for Key Motorsports and drove 13 more Truck races for Bobby Hamilton Racing in the No. 4 Dodge Ram. He also drove 22 races in the Busch Series for Fitz Motorsports in the No. 22 Dodge Charger with sponsorships from Supercuts and Family Dollar. He had signed to drive for Fitz full-time in 2008, but joined Phoenix Racing shortly after the season started. He matched his career-best fifth-place finish in points and also ran part-time schedules in Cup and Trucks.

Bliss scored his second career Nationwide win, taking advantage of his fuel mileage and getting a caution at the right time, at Lowes Motor Speedway, and NASCAR declared the race official after 170 of 200 laps due to rain. On August 2, 2009, Bliss was let go from Phoenix Racing but he was still raced the team in cup series. He spent the rest of the season splitting time with MSRP Motorsports, NEMCO Motorsports, and CJM Racing before returning to Phoenix for the season finale at Homestead. Despite parking early in multiple races, three late Top 5 runs pushed Bliss into fifth overall again. This was one spot better than when he was fired from the No. 1 car.

2010–present
On December 3, 2009, it was announced that Bliss would return to the Sprint Cup Series full-time driving for Tommy Baldwin Racing in the No. 36 Wave Energy Drink-sponsored Chevrolet Impala for the 2010 season. However, in April, Bliss parted ways with TBR after Phoenix, and returned to Phoenix Racing to drive the No. 09 beginning at Talladega.

He returned to full-time status in 2011 by joining Mark Smith's TriStar Motorsports in the Nationwide Series in the No. 19 Chevrolet. Despite being originally paired with old crew chief Dave Fuge, Fuge left the team to form a Nationwide Series team with Derrike Cope. After interim crew chief Wes Ward left the team, former TRG Motorsports crew chief Paul Clapprood took over, leading Bliss to a 12th-place points finish. For 2012, Bliss moved to the No. 44. When teammate Tayler Malsam was released from the 19 team in October, he drove it for the remainder of the year. He ended the season with one Top 10 at Daytona in July where he finished eighth, and also finished eighth in points.

While continuing to drive for TriStar in the Xfinity series through the 2014 season, he also drove part-time in the Sprint Cup Series for Smith's start and park Humphrey Smith Motorsports team. In September 2013, he drove Phoenix Racing's No. 51 Chevrolet in the Sprint Cup AdvoCare 500 at Atlanta Motor Speedway, which was James Finch's final start as a team owner. Bliss had scored Finch's last win during a Nationwide race at Charlotte in 2009.

Bliss served as standby driver for David Ragan in the No. 34 Front Row Motorsports Ford at the 2014 Pocono 400 with Ragan on paternity watch. Later in the season, Bliss joined BK Racing in the No. 93 Toyota for the Quaker State 400, finishing 41st.

Bliss was hired by Go FAS Racing to drive the No. 32 Sprint Cup car sharing it with Bobby Labonte and Boris Said in 2015, while being scheduled to continue driving full-time for TriStar in the Xfinity Series.

At the season opening Xfinity race at Daytona in 2015, Bliss was replaced by Scott Lagasse Jr. because Lagasse brought sponsorship. Bliss returned to the car and drove through the spring Talladega race before being permanently removed from the car because former teammate Eric McClure brought full sponsorship. Bliss' ride was replaced by the new No. 24 driven by McClure and the No. 19 was relegated to a start and park ride. Bliss moved to a mentoring role for TriStar drivers McClure, Blake Koch, Cale Conley, and David Starr. He also continued in his part-time Sprint Cup ride with Go FAS Racing, but was released from the team after the Quicken Loans 400 at Michigan International Speedway. Late in the season, he returned to the track in TriStar's No. 14 after Conley was released due to sponsorship issues, parking the car in the last three races of the season.

In 2016, Bliss has made a handful of one-off starts across the Xfinity Series and the Truck Series for various teams including TriStar, Contreras Motorsports, and MB Motorsports. Since 2016, Mike Bliss has made no further starts in any of NASCAR's Top 3 series. He most recently served as a driving coach for Joe Graf Jr when he drove for Chad Bryant Racing in the ARCA Menards Series East in 2019.

NASCAR
(key) ( Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led. )

Camping World Truck Series
$$ Season still in progress $1$ Ineligible for series points

International Race of Champions
(key) ( Bold – Pole position. * – Most laps led. )

title: Mike Bliss


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/TijuanaRap.com

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 14:59, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

TijuanaRap.com
It's an obvious advertisment and it's not even in English. Linuxbeak 18:57, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; I agree. José San Martin 19:57, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete/Speedy?. Not even in English, there is no question about whether this is an ad or not. Does this qualify as a speedy, so we can send it to its doom as quickly as possible? Master Thief Garrett
 * Delete, article as it stands is un-encyclopaedic. Megan1967 04:27, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
San Andrés

San Andrés  may refer to:

 * St Andrew (disambiguation), a number of Catholic saints

Argentina

 * San Andrés (Buenos Aires), city located in General San Martín Partido, in the northern zone of Greater Buenos Aires
 * San Andrés de Giles, Buenos Aires Province

Belize

 * San Andrés, Belize, a village in the Corozal District

Bolivia

 * San Andrés, Marbán
 * San Andrés Municipality, Beni

Canary Islands

 * San Andrés, Santa Cruz de Tenerife
 * San Andrés y Sauces

Colombia

 * Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina, a department
 * San Andrés (island), an island in that department
 * San Andrés, San Andrés y Providencia, capital of that department
 * San Andrés, Antioquia
 * San Andrés–Providencia Creole

El Salvador

 * San Andrés, El Salvador, an archaeological site in southwestern El Salvador

Guatemala

 * San Andrés, El Petén
 * San Andrés Itzapa, Chimaltenango
 * San Andrés Sajcabajá, El Quiché
 * San Andrés Semetabaj, Sololá
 * San Andrés Villa Seca, Retalhuleu
 * San Andrés Xecul, Totonicapán

Honduras

 * San Andrés, Lempira

Mexico

 * San Andrés, Chihuahua
 * San Andrés Cholula, Puebla
 * San Andrés Cohamiata, Jalisco
 * San Andrés Duraznal, Chiapas
 * San Andrés Larráinzar, Chiapas
 * San Andrés de la Cal, Morelos
 * San Andrés Tuxtla, Veracruz
 * San Andrés (Mesoamerican site), Tabasco, an Olmec archaeological site

Oaxaca

 * San Andrés Cabecera Nueva
 * San Andrés Dinicuiti
 * San Andrés Huaxpaltepec
 * San Andrés Huayapam
 * San Andrés Ixtlahuaca
 * San Andrés Lagunas
 * San Andrés Nuxiño
 * San Andrés Paxtlan
 * San Andrés Sinaxtla
 * San Andrés Solaga
 * San Andrés Teotilalpam
 * San Andrés Tepetlapa
 * San Andrés Yaá
 * San Andrés Yutatío
 * San Andrés Zabache
 * San Andrés Zautla

Panama

 * San Andrés, Chiriquí

Peru

 * San Andrés District, subdivision in Pisco, Ica Region

Philippines

 * San Andres, Catanduanes
 * San Andres, Manila
 * San Andres, Quezon
 * San Andres, Romblon

Spain

 * San Andrés (Madrid)
 * San Andrés, Santa Cruz de Tenerife

Trinidad and Tobago

 * Fort San Andres

United States

 * San Andres Mountains, a mountain range in New Mexico

Churches

 * San Andrés, Calatayud, a church in Aragon, Spain
 * San Andrés, Alcalá del Júcar, a church in Castilla-La Mancha, Spain

Educational institutions

 * Colegio San Andrés, a Peruvian high school located in Lima
 * Higher University of San Andrés, a university in Bolivia
 * University of San Andrés, a university in Argentina

Ships

 * ARC San Andres (BO 151), a survey ship in the Colombian Navy, formerly the USS Rockville, a PCE-842-class patrol vessel in the US Navy
 * ARC San Andres (PO-45), a buoy-tender in the Colombian Navy, formerly the USCGC Gentian (WLB-290)

title: San Andrés


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Gergeti Trinity Church

Gergeti Trinity Church (გერგეტის სამების ეკლესია - Gergetis Samebis eklesia) is a popular name for Holy Trinity Church near the village of Stepantsminda in Georgia. The church is situated on the right bank of the river Chkheri (the left tributary of the river Terek), at an elevation of 2170 m, under Mount Kazbek.

History
The Gergeti Trinity Church was built in the 14th century by an unknown architect, and is the only cross-cupola church in Khevi province. The separate belltower dates from the same period as the church itself, but built somewhat later. Its isolated location on top of a steep mountain surrounded by the vastness of nature has made it a symbol for Georgia. The 18th century Georgian author Vakhushti Batonishvili wrote that in times of danger, precious relics from Mtskheta, including Saint Nino's Cross were brought here for safekeeping. During the Soviet era, all religious services were prohibited, but the church remained a popular tourist destination. The church is now an active establishment of the Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church.

The church is a popular waypoint for trekkers in the area, and can be reached by a steep 1.5-hour climb up the mountain.

Architecture
The church ensemble includes the church itself, the belltower and the surrounding wall. The church is a cross-in-square temple with three rectangular and one rounded (containing the apse) arms, and two entrances, from the south and from the west. Each arm has a window. Additional five windows of the tholobate provide sufficient illumination. The tholobate is rather stumpy, slightly narrowing in the upper part. The facade is clad in dark-grey stone. Only traces of the original murals remain.

The outside decorations can essentially be found only around the doors and windows. The northern wall is the most simply decorated one: short-armed cross above and rounded ornamented stones below the narrow window. The southern wall, in addition to the cross, has ornamented quadrangles and an arch above the window. The western wall is rather similar, but with simple ornamentation of the window. Rather complex composition is found on the eastern wall. Its window has a quadrangular frame and a large cross above it. The cross itself has quadrangles at the base of each arm. In addition to the central window, there is a rounded window to left and a square window to the right. Both southern and western portals have rich decorations around the doors: the astragal, ornamented stripe, rosettes and quadrangles. Each of the ten windows of the dome also has an arch frame, made of astragal.

The belltower, standing to the south of the church, consists of a belfry on a cubic base, which also contains the entrance to the church ensemble. The walls have various small ornaments, as well as a figure of an unknown person on the western side.

title: Gergeti Trinity Church


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La piovra

La Piovra (The Octopus, referring to the Mafia) is an Italian television drama series about the Mafia. The series was directed by various directors who each worked on different seasons, including Damiano Damiani (first season), Florestano Vancini (second season), Luigi Perelli (from the third to the seventh season and again on the tenth season), and Giacomo Battiato (from the eighth to the ninth seasons). The music was written by Riz Ortolani (first season), Ennio Morricone (from the second to the seventh season and again on the tenth season), and by Paolo Buonvino (from the eighth to the ninth season).

The show was successfully exported to over eighty countries during and after its sixteen-year run. All ten seasons were released in Australia on DVD with English subtitles by Aztec International Entertainment, having originally aired on the Special Broadcasting Service television channel. It was also broadcast on MHz Networks in the United States. The first three seasons were shown in the UK on Channel 4. The TV drama was successful in the Eastern Bloc, where it appeared on state TV in 1986 and in Albania, Romania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Bulgaria, where it appeared in the end of the 1980s (in its seventh season, the show featured Bulgarian actor Stefan Danailov). In Portugal, it was re-broadcast by RTP Memória.

La Piovra is still considered to be the most famous Italian television series in the world, and all seasons received widespread public approval, with an average of 10 million and a peak of 15 million viewers. The show presents an extremely realistic portrayal of the violence and heartlessness of members of organized crime, and this remains the most distinctive feature of the production to this day.

Synopsis
Particularly important to the show is the narrative evolution with which the multiple tentacles of organized crime spread through local and international networks, and this is also the basis of the show's title. The first season moves from localized drug trafficking rings in Sicily to the palaces of power in Rome in the second. The third season tells the story of the Mafia's financial dealings through international banks and the illegal trafficking of weapons and nuclear waste. The plot intensifies in the fourth season, at the end of which the main protagonist, Commissioner Corrado Cattani (played by Michele Placido), is killed due to the increasing knowledge he acquires about the Mafia's vast dealings and criminal operations.

The intricate stories of politics, finance, Freemasonry, corruption, and organized crime which are told in seasons 5 to 7 (1990–1995) were inspired by the political and news stories of those years, and attempted to present the notion that the Mafia was not based on concepts of honour and valour but was rather a harmful societal phenomenon replete with fraud, cold-blooded killers, and a cause of social decay. This fact generated several political controversies as well as strong pressure to put an end to the series. Despite this, the show continued to have great success with the public and with critics, even at the international level.

It was partly due to these political pressures that the 8th and 9th seasons deviated from telling a story set in contemporary times and shifted to the earlier era of the landowner-and-peasant mafia of the 1950s and 1960s, mainly focusing on the private affairs of the protagonists rather than on the business of Cosa Nostra, and the plot was almost entirely detached from the other chapters of the saga.

Finally, with "La piovra 10", the show strived to tie up any loose ends which were previously left pending and to present an updated perspective of the Mafia of the early 2000s.

Season one
The first season of 6 episodes of 60 minutes each, released in 1984, was directed by Damiano Damiani and scored by Riz Ortolani. The episodes were filmed at locations in Rome and the Sicilian city of Trapani, and the scenes in the mountains and on the lake were shot in Horgen and Lake Geneva, Switzerland.

The main theme of the plot revolves around local arms and drug trafficking, which is investigated by Commissioner Corrado Cattani, played by Michele Placido. Cattani has been transferred from Rome and appointed deputy police chief in a small town in Sicily, after his predecessor, Commissioner Marineo, is killed by the mafia. The commissioner moves with his wife Else (Nicole Jamet), with whom he often has arguments, and his teenage daughter Paola (Cariddi Nardulli). Cattani's investigation interferes with local mafia groups, who try to influence him. A whole range of measures are used to make the commissioner compliant, to no avail. Eventually, Cattani's subordinate, Vice-Commissioner Leo De Maria (Massimo Bonetti), is shot and killed by a mafia henchman in a café. This proves to be one of the most brutal scenes in the whole series. Following this, Corrado continues his investigation, and an unsuccessful attempt is made to assassinate him. Finally, the mafia decides to kidnap his daughter Paola, and this proves to be Cattani's breaking point. Panicked about his daughter's safety, he follows all of the mafia's demands and revokes his previous statements. Paola is later raped by one of the mobsters before being released, and suffers severe trauma. Corrado begins an affair with the young heroin-addicted Raffaella "Titti" Pecci Scialoia (Barbara De Rossi), whose mother was shot together with former police commissioner Marineo. He attempts to help her go clean and get away from her drug dealer Sante Cirinnà (Angelo Infanti), but she also ends up getting killed. Cattani resigns from the police and leaves Sicily, joining his wife Else in a small lakeside town in Switzerland, where Paola is being treated at a psychiatric facility. The season additionally features the powerful architect Olga Camastra (Florinda Bolkan) and the commissioner's primary antagonist, attorney Terrasini (François Périer).

The success of the first season was exceptional, with ratings rising with each successive episode - the first being watched by 8 million Italians and the sixth by 15 million.

Season two
The second season, again having 6 episodes of 60 minutes each, was released in 1986. The fact that there was a second season at all was controversial, and previous director Damiano Damiani thought it was a mistake to shoot sequels so he withdrew from the project. Screenwriter Ennio De Concini had to be persuaded by producer Sergio Silva to return, and finally Florestano Vancini was hired to direct. Legendary composer Ennio Morricone joined the project and composed the soundtrack. Shooting again took place at several locations in Italy and Switzerland.

In this season, the focus increasingly shifts to the international business dealings of the Sicilian Mafia. The emphasis is on American connections and contacts with the Italian government. The story showcases the intrigues and violent pressure of a secret society called Itala in Sicily. The first two episodes pick up the thread of the first season. The creators of the series decided to remove all characters from the previous season who were no longer necessary to the plotline, and these were killed off or otherwise removed from the story. Corrado Cattani, who had previously left the police force, is persuaded to return and resume work. For this purpose, Colonel Ettore Ferretti (Sergio Fantoni), a connection to Corrado's long-time friend and mentor Sebastiano Cannito (Jacques Dacqmine), makes an appearance. The corrupt Cannito has gained a high position in the Secret Service with the help of the Masonic lodge and is deeply involved in the business of the Mafia, which Ferretti wants to uncover. At the beginning of the story, Corrado's daughter Paola, who was brutalized in the previous season, commits suicide. Cattani decides to search for those responsible for Paola's kidnapping in Sicily. There, however, he runs into a trap and is placed in custody by his nemesis, Attorney Terrasini (François Périer). Cattani is forced to agree to a pact with his foe, and he goes undercover as an assistant to the powerful Cannito; in this role he has to work closely with the people responsible for the death of several of his colleagues. He begins a love affair with Olga Camastra (Florinda Bolkan), who is a member of the Lodge, thereby obtaining information from her about everything that happens within the organization. The Countess, due to her feelings for Cattani, begins to play a double game, even bringing the commissioner into her inner circle so he can obtain the information he needs. As Corrado gets involved in factional battles between the Lodge and the Mafia, he places himself in even greater danger. When his partner Ferreti is killed, Cattani is completely on his own. Only his wife Else, who lives by herself at a lakeside in the Swiss Alps, remains as his conversation partner. By the end of the season, Cattani has enough evidence to help prosecutors file charges against key figures of organized crime. Attorney Terrasini turns out to be the most influential Mafia boss on the island, and with a lot of effort and risk-taking from Cattani, is eventually put behind bars. In the last episode, Else Cattani dies in her husband's arms in an assassination attempt on him.

The second season solidified the success of the production, with an average rating of 15 million viewers per episode in Italy.

Season three
The third season of La Piovra launched in 1987 and this time had seven episodes. The production style changed somewhat this time around as well. Directing duties passed to Luigi Perelli, who, in contrast to his predecessors Damiano Damiani and Florestano Vancini, had previously mainly worked in television. The screenplay was written by Sandro Petraglia and Stefano Rulli, who would later go on to work together again on the feature film The Stolen Children, among other productions. The season was filmed at Giardini Naxos and Taormina, Sicily, as well as in Milan and in the medieval abbey of San Pietro in Valle in Umbria. The show's ratings in Italy remained high, but started to show a slight downward trend. While an average of 15 million viewers had watched the first two seasons, the third one was watched by an average of 12 million Italian viewers. It was also sold to 77 countries, including the Soviet Union.

In this season, the action moves to Milan. The story exposes the actions of the financial mafia and international money-laundering channels. Corrado Cattani launches an investigation into the largest Italian bank, Antinari, and he meets members of the Antinari family. He falls in love with Giulia (Giuliana De Sio), the daughter of the family patriarch, Carlo Antinari, who runs the bank with his father, Nicola Antinari. Gaetano "Tano" Cariddi (Remo Girone), the most notorious mafia character of the series, initially holds the role of assistant at the Antinari Bank, before becoming its sole owner at the end of the season.

Season four
Again directed by Luigi Perelli, the fourth season, launched in 1989, proved to be the most successful of the series. It reached an average of over 14 million viewers, a noticeable uptick from the previous season, and the last episode achieved a peak of 17.2 million viewers. The number of episodes returned to 6, but the length of each one was increased from 60 minutes up to nearly 100 minutes. Luigi Perelli was back at the helm of the project, with Petraglia and Rulli once again writing the screenplay. The fourth season was the last one featuring Michele Placido in the lead role of Corrado Cattani. Placido had made the decision to leave the production and return to other projects after five years, as he no longer wished to be associated with the character he had portrayed so successfully. The fate of the beloved commissioner preoccupied the Italian public weeks before the new season's launch, and there was much speculation as to which way the show would end. La Repubblica, one of the largest daily newspapers in Italy, produced several reports on the subject in a single day. After the last episode, speculations arose that Rai had filmed an alternative and more positive ending to the fourth season.

The season begins with Gaetano "Tano" Cariddi expanding his position at Antinari Bank. In order to maintain sole rule, he arranges for Giulia Antinari to drown in a "bathing accident". With this, Tano becomes Corrado Cattani's mortal enemy. Tano's machinations reach their peak as he strategically marries Ester Rasi (Simona Cavallari), daughter of powerful insurance company president Filippo Rasi (Claude Rich), and after realizing that she is actually helping the police, kills her. The investigation into the case of the mysterious murder of a casino owner, Carmelo Tinadari, has been entrusted to a new judge - the legendary Silvia Conti (Patricia Millardet), with whom Cattani initially quarrels, but later has a love affair. What follows is an intense series of dangerous criminal cases with multiple homicides and attempts on Cattani's life. When the Mafia realizes that Conti is unshakeable and will not succumb to corruption, they organize her abduction and rape. Shortly after Ester's death, Cattani is able to uncover all the associates involved in a nuclear waste smuggling business, whose principal organizer is Tano. In the last episode, one morning in the courtyard of a Milan hospital, Cattani is ambushed by multiple gunmen and killed on the spot. Silvia Conti finds his corpse, and vows to avenge him.

Season five
After Michele Placido's departure, the creators of the series had to solve the difficult task of maintaining continuity with the story, while introducing a new lead actor in a credible manner. They did so by creating the character of Davide Licata (Vittorio Mezzogiorno), a new commissioner with a different, harder look and approach. The plot was also moved back to Sicily. Real economic issues were again used as a story background, with a focus on embezzlement of state funds that were approved for structural projects in Sicily and then disappeared into other channels. Political attacks on the series increased so much after this season that Rai was forced to temporarily stop production (see Reaction in Italy). The season was again helmed by Luigi Perelli, and launched in 1990.

The two main links to the previous story include the judge Silvia Conti, who wants to find the murderers of Corrado Cattani, and head mobster Tano Cariddi, who continues to engage in criminal activities. Davide Licata enters the plot as a police officer who had to flee to the United States in the '70s because he was the last survivor of a police force on the Mafia's hit list. Licata is now recruited by the American police in New York City and smuggled undercover into the immediate vicinity of Sicilian entrepreneur Giovanni Linori (Luigi Pistilli) in Palermo. There, Licata witnesses the downfall of the wealthy Linori family and is dragged into a vortex of violence to which all male family members eventually fall victim. Judge Conti gets involved and interferes with the Mafia's business, so another hit is put on her life. She is saved by Licata, who begins to collaborate with her more actively. Licata discovers that one of the men involved in the murders of his former police unit has withdrawn to a monastery and he decides to pursue this thread. All the while, he has been successfully infiltrating the Linori family and thus indirectly the Mafia as well, until he has gained their trust. He is considered so trustworthy that Cariddi hires him as his chauffeur, not realizing that he is dealing with the successor of his former mortal enemy Corrado Cattani. The action and convoluted criminal dealings take the viewer from the Mafia heartland in Sicily to banking centres in Luxembourg, Switzerland, and Bavaria, all the way to Africa, where the Mafia is conducting clandestine drug and weapons deals. The season ends with Tano, having escaped an attempt on his life by his previous confreres, the Linori family, flees Sicily with his sister, ostensibly for good.

Season six
The sixth season of La Piovra launched in 1992 and was again led by the now-familiar team of Perelli/Petraglia/Rulli. The context this time focused on global connections between crime, politics, and finance, with high-stakes involvement in drug trafficking and the embezzlement of aid for the Third World. A link to the Nazi past is introduced. The latest season was co-produced by the Austrian broadcasting company ORF, partly due to the addition of Vienna as a new filming location. With this new international dimension to the show, the producers expected to see an increase in international viewership.

New Mafia head Don Amilcare Attilio Brenno (Pierre Mondy) makes his fortune by bribing foreign companies as part of development aid to Africa. Brenno has made his way to the top of the organization with unprecedented brutality, not only killing internal rivals but also targeting those who are seen as meddling from the outside. Davide Licata, back for another season, barely gets away with his life in an assassination attempt ordered by Brenno, and sustains a permanent injury, with a bullet that can no longer be removed from his skull and which causes him violent headaches. Meanwhile, Tano Cariddi, suffering from severe drug addiction and depression, is located in Dakar, Senegal by Licata and brought back to Italy to act as a key witness against the Mafia. The police leverages Tano's only remaining emotional attachment to his disabled sister Maria as a way to manipulate him. Brenno's henchmen do the same, however, and Maria is brutally raped. Faced with the fate of his badly traumatized sister, Tano is ready to cooperate fully with the authorities. In less than a week, he transforms himself from an opium-dependent bundle of nerves to his erstwhile cold and calculatingly efficient operator. The season continues with various plots and sub-plots, Mafia rivalries and schisms, Turkish drug-running channels, and even a connection with a former Nazi concentration camp supervisor in Czechoslovakia. This latter, played by renowned Czech actor Rudolf Hrušínský in his last major role, escaped the Allied liberation forces at the end of WWII by assuming the identity of a camp prisoner, and later went on to become a wealthy banker using stolen Jewish money. The season closes with Licata and Cariddi luring the banker back to the concentration camp, now a heroin lab. Licata is at this point struggling with his health and only barely manages to overpower the old man, but dies soon after as a consequence of his previous injury.

Season seven
The seventh season of La Piovra launched in 1995 after a three-year gap, the longest between seasons to date. Vittorio Mezzogiorno had left the show after the previous season, and as the second dead lead protagonist in the series, there were concerns about repeating the same pattern again and thus leading to viewer fatigue. Luigi Perelli again directed, the setting was brought back to Trapani, and Countess Olga Camastra (Florinda Bolkan) reappeared, in order to re-establish continuity with the story of Corrado Cattani, whose life had been cut short at the end of the fourth season. Several new elements were introduced this time around, including connections with the occult Thule Society and the pseudo-Masonic ultra-right Propaganda Due. Viewers and critics responded positively to the seventh season. After seasons 1, 2, and 4, the 7th season won the Italian television award Telegatto for the first time. Ratings continued their slightly declining trend, however, and the show garnered an average of 10.2 million viewers in Italy.

Season 7 essentially follows two storylines: On the one hand, brutal gang warfare is taking place in Trapani involving extortion of protection money, and on the other, a secret fascist society is allied with the Mafia and together they control society from behind the scenes. Additionally, the Masonic lodge is planning to invest huge amounts of money in Russian financial holdings. The link between the two levels of action is Countess Olga Camastra, familiar to viewers of the first two seasons of the show. She was previously romantically linked to Corrado Cattani but later ended up going to jail. After her acquittal, she manages to pursue her business activities all the more successfully, so that she is now counted among the most respected entrepreneurs in Sicily. The plot begins with the murder of Rosario Granchio, a Sicilian criminal from the immediate vicinity of Don Nazzareno "Nuzzo" Marciano (Stefan Danailov), the local mafia boss who controls a large part of the protection funds in Palermo. In order to solve the murder, Silvia Conti (Patricia Millardet) is transferred to Sicily, where she meets the same distrust as Corrado Cattani once did. The young vice-commissioner Gianni Breda (Raoul Bova) becomes her supporter and assistant. Marciano's behaviour, which is becoming increasingly brutal, is initially difficult for Conti and Breda to understand. Sara (Romina Mondello), the young daughter of the murdered Rosario Granchio, plays a central role in this. She is moved into Nuzzo's house to ensure her silence. But after her fiancé dies too, she decides to take revenge and shoots Nuzzo's little nephew and his mother. Various intrigues among the dons and mafiosi ensue, embroiling high-profile business people such as Olga Camastra, judge Conti, and the police. Conti's investigation ruffles feathers and the Mafia use their influence to have her transferred to a UN post, which she refuses. As the noose begins to tighten around Camastra, both from the side of the mobsters and Conti's investigation, it is revealed that it was the countess who ordered the assassination of Cattani, partly due to instructions she herself received, and partly due to their unsuccessful love affair. She is eventually jailed again, and dies in her cell, killed by a mob henchman.

Season eight
The eighth season of La Piovra, which was released in 1997, was a radical departure from the previous seven. The new director, Giacomo Battiato, took the show in a new direction, returning to the origins of the Sicilian mafia in the 1950s in a prequel to the action of previous seasons. This new plot line would continue into the ninth season, which was set in the 1960s. Season eight contained only two episodes, a trend which would continue for the remainder of the long-running series. Audience response was generally positive, and the show won several international prizes. The number of viewers was 7.5 million and 8.8 million viewers respectively, and at 100 minutes each, the episodes of the eighth and ninth seasons were the longest in the series to date. New screenwriters were hired as well, with Alessandro Sermoneta and Mimmo Rafele joining the project. The only personal connection to previous seasons was the story of the young Tano Cariddi (Primo Reggiani) and his sister Maria (Ana Torrent). The male lead role was played by Raoul Bova as Carabiniere Carlo Arcuti. The choice was unusual in that Bova had appeared as young commissioner Gianni Breda in season seven (40 years later in the series). Other actors from previous seasons also reappeared, most notably Renato Mori, once in the role of Vice-Commissioner Giuseppe Altero, partner to Corrado Cattani, now as the aging mafia boss Don Calogero Albanese. The actor Tony Sperandeo on the other hand, did not change sides: previously killer Santino Rocchi in season six, now mafia henchman Turi Mondello. The female leading role of Baroness Barbara Greenberg Altamura was given to German actress Anja Kling.

The story begins with a brutal power struggle within the local mafia of a small Sicilian town. The power-hungry Pietro Favignana (Luca Zingaretti) kills the aging Don Albanese and rapes his daughter Rosario (Daniela "Mietta" Miglietta), forces her to marry him, and thus becomes the new mob boss. Favignana then goes head to head with the leader of a planned development project, Baron Francesco Altamura (Claudio Gora), who refuses to allow the Mafia to get involved in the deal. In order to blackmail him and his wife Baroness Barbara Greenberg Altamura (Anja Kling), Favignana kidnaps their son Paul and has the young Tano "Tanuzzo" Cariddi guard him on an abandoned estate. With the help of the German consulate and the undercover police captain Carlo Arcuti, the boy is rescued and the entire Favignana gang arrested. Favignana himself escapes to New York, however, where he hones his drug-smuggling skills. His accomplices in Sicily receive light sentences and the boss soon returns home. With unprecedented brutality, Favignana sets out to bring the region back under his control. Opponents and employees suspected of cooperation with the state are liquidated. Baron Altamura, facing increased pressure to comply with the Mafia, eventually capitulates and agrees to make a deal with Favignana. During this time, the Baroness has been having an affair with the young Arcuti. During Favignana's trial, the truth about their relationship is revealed and the captain is recalled to Rome to face an official investigation. The Baroness feels compelled to continue living with her husband Francesco for the good of their child, knowing that he had commissioned a failed assassination attempt against her lover Arcuti. When Rosaria Favignana learns from Tano that her father Don Albanese was forced to commit suicide by her husband, she stabs Pietro in front of the courthouse, killing him. Finally, eager to learn and grow, Tano convinces Francesco Altamura to send him to a prestigious school and look after his half-sister Maria; in a season-finale twist, it is revealed that her father was Pietro Favignana himself.

Season nine
The ninth season of La Piovra, released in 1998, was a continuation of the eighth. The director was Giacomo Battiato again, and the script was written by Andrea Porporati, Mimmo Rafele, and Alessandro Sermoneta. The season contained two episodes, at 100 minutes each.

A few years after Barbara Altamura was questioned in court about her relationship with police captain Carlo Arcuti, she returns from a psychiatric clinic to her husband, Baron Francesco Altamura. A lot has changed during her absence, however. The couple's country villa has been sold and the Altamuras now live in the city. The baron has founded a "bank for development", which is to be used for laundering of drug money. Francesco Altamura's house is run by his lover, who is officially introduced as his "cousin". The baroness lives in the house like a prisoner. Carlo Arcuti is again recruited to investigate the drug trade in Sicily, and he and the baroness begin seeing each other romantically once more. Barbara helps the police in their efforts to uncover the criminal dealings that her husband is involved in but her spying is uncovered by the new regional mob boss, lawyer Torrisi (Sebastiano Lo Monaco). Events take a surprising turn, as the baron tries to get rid of his wife with the help of his "cousin". An accident is staged, and later two charred bodies are found in a burned-out car wreck at the foot of a mountain. The police assume that it is Baron and Baroness Altamura. In reality, Barbara is rescued by the lovestruck mafioso Turi Mondello (Tony Sperandeo), who then holds her captive. The bodies from the crash are later identified as being Francesco Altamura and his lover. A violent power struggle develops between Mondello and Torrisi, with Mondello eventually coming out triumphant after a bloody massacre at a wedding party. Arcuti manages to free the baroness and put Mondello behind bars, but he doesn't survive his success for long, as a hit is put out on him and he is crushed to death by an automobile. The local judiciary closes the investigation against the Mafia despite overwhelming evidence but a young judicial assessor, witnessing the investigator's cowardly retreat, promises Barbara Altamura that he will continue Carlo Arcuti's work.

Season ten
Season 10, which appeared in 2001, picked up from the end of season 7 and completed the series. After the 8th and 9th seasons, it was initially unclear whether another one would be made. Producer Sergio Silva spoke of a "creative crisis". It turned out that it was difficult to pick up the thread again after the flashback to the 50s and 60s, while maintaining continuity within the series. There was also some amount of political resistance to the continuation of the show, and the final season of La Piovra lost its pride of place on Rai's premier channel Rai Uno by being relegated to secondary sister channel Rai Due. The number of viewers, at around 4 million, remained below the usual average. Luigi Perelli returned to direct the final chapter of the series, and the screenplay was written by producer Sergio Silva, with Mimmo Rafele and Piero Bodrato; the soundtrack was again composed by Ennio Morricone.

The season begins with Professor Ottavio Ramonte (Rolf Hoppe), head of the Mafia-affiliated Thule secret society, being acquitted on appeal. Investigative judge Silvia Conti (Patricia Millardet) watches Ramonte giving his first television interview on the steps of the courthouse, in which he openly threatens his enemies. Conti, who had put Ramonte behind bars in the seventh season, is meanwhile withdrawing from political work. She is married, wants to adopt a daughter, and has just applied for a transfer to the juvenile court. Ramonte does not hesitate for a moment to take his place at the head of the Thule organization again. For this he needs Tano Cariddi, however, who lives in a castle ruin on Mount Etna. Cariddi begins to position himself to take over the organization by slowly poisoning Ramonte with arsenic. Tano soon becomes the leader of Thule, a position of unprecedented power. Giulia Mercuri (Elena Arvigo), daughter of Thule's chief financial officer, finds out about her father's criminal dealings and about Ramonte's involvement in Corrado Cattani's murder, and she reveals this to Silvia Conti. Giulia is kidnapped and held in Tano's custody to silence her and blackmail her father. Conti, against the advice of her husband and her superiors, decides to get involved once more and begins to investigate. As she delves deeper into the case, and as the criminal dealings of Cariddi continue, Conti barely survives an assassination attempt against her. Tano becomes gradually more delusional and he begins to imagine that Mercuri is his ex-wife Ester, whom he strangled in season four. In his madness, Tano tries to strangle Mercuri but fails. In the end, as Conti closes in on the archvillain, Tano sees no way out, so he drives to the top of the volcano and enters the crater holding a disc which contains a complete database of his criminal organization and business holdings. He waves to Conti one last time, and the show ends.

Filming and reaction
The last scene in season 4, in which the Mafia kills Commissioner Cattani, generated an incredible number of reactions from all over the world. A mysterious letter was allegedly sent from the US, in which an unnamed billionaire offered several million dollars to the creators of the show to film more episodes. Michele Placido had already turned down the role at that point. Audiences continued asking for more, so the filmmakers decided to make another season. Without Placido, however, the show was a commercial disappointment. Despite this, six more seasons were filmed. After the launch of the first season, the filmmakers and Placido himself received threatening letters from the Mafia to stop filming immediately. For security reasons, the second season was filmed mainly in secret locations outside Italy, including in Germany, Switzerland, Britain, and Greece.

Reaction in Italy
The series, whose first episode was screened on 11 March 1984, triggered intensive journalistic examination of the phenomenon of the Mafia. Several outlets published cover stories on the topic. The discussion engendered by the show included widows of murdered police officers and bankers from Palermo. Comparable programs were also shown in connection with later seasons, and these continued to be accompanied by great national interest. One of the debates centered around whether the series glorified the mafia or whether it contributed to Italians' no longer accepting organized crime as a normal part of life. An analysis of audience ratings during season 4 was revealing. Viewership and audience response in the south, the actual area of origin of the Mafia, was lowest, at only 12%. The largest group of viewers was demographically similar to the figure of Corrado Cattani himself: "a man of average age from the big cities of northwestern Italy", especially Milan and Turin.

Political reactions and criticism were rife as well, and though several politicians praised the show for the way it exposed the Mafia's connections to Italian politics and the corridors of power, critical voices were vocal in their opposition to the storyline. Conservative politician Silvio Berlusconi and others from Forza Italia as well as representatives from Democrazia Cristiana claimed that shows like La Piovra were responsible for "Italy's negative image abroad" and demanded that it cease filming. DC officials argued that the South was being criminalized, that the State was being depicted as a loser, and that public confidence in government institutions was being undermined. Due partly to this type of pressure, production work on the 5th and 6th seasons was temporarily halted.

After the 7th season, political controversy came to a head again. Seven Sicilian bishops protested what they perceived as discrimination against Sicily. Luigi Perelli replied that a culture of silence would benefit no one.

Clashes before the broadcast of the 10th and last season reached a new climax. The cause of the conflict was an interview with leading actor Remo Girone, who explicitly made a connection between the final season's plotline, in which the boss of a secret criminal organization is acquitted of his crimes, and the pressure exerted in Italy on judges in mafia trials.

In 2009, during his party's youth convention in the city of Olbia, former Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi lashed out at authors of books and films about the mafia, saying that if he found out who the author of La Piovra was, he would strangle them. It is worth noting that Berlusconi himself has been investigated for Mafia ties, and in 2012, he was sentenced to 4 years in prison for tax fraud.

Seasons
The following ten seasons of La Piovra were produced by:

Cast and characters

 * Michele Placido as Corrado Cattani
 * Patricia Millardet as Silvia Conti
 * Remo Girone as Gaetano "Tano" Cariddi (inspired by the real-life mafioso Michele Sindona)
 * Raoul Bova as Gianni Breda (season 7) and Carlo Arcuti (seasons 8 and 9)
 * Vittorio Mezzogiorno as Davide Licata / David Licata/ Davide Pardi
 * Martin Balsam as Frank Carrisi
 * Florinda Bolkan as Countess Olga Camastra
 * Daniela "Mietta" Miglietta as Rosaria Albanese
 * Luca Zingaretti as Pietro Favignana
 * Claude Rich as Filippo Rasi
 * Jean-Luc Bideau as Davide Faeti
 * François Marthouret as Senator Ernesto Conti
 * Barbara De Rossi as Marchesa Raffaella "Titti" Pecci Scialoia
 * François Périer as Attorney Terrasini
 * Angelo Infanti as Sante Cirinnà
 * Pino Colizzi as Nanni Santamaria
 * Paul Guers as Professor Gianfranco Laudeo
 * Renato Mori as Giuseppe Altero
 * Massimo Bonetti as Leo De Maria
 * Jacques Dacqmine as Professor Sebastiano Cannito
 * Geoffrey Copleston as Alfredo Ravanusa
 * Flavio Bucci as Don Manfredi Santamaria
 * Michele Abruzzo as Ruggiero
 * Renato Cecchetto as Achille Bordonaro
 * Vittorio Duse as Professor Cristina
 * Sergio Fantoni as Colonel Ettore Ferretti
 * Daniel Ceccaldi as Dr. Nicola Sorbi
 * Lara Wendel as Ellis Sorbi
 * Victor Cavallo as Alvaro Maurilli
 * Al Cliver as Pierluigi Conti
 * Dagmar Lassander as Manuela Cannito
 * Cesare Barbetti as Reporter
 * Tony Sperandeo as Ravanusa's Secretary
 * Carlo Reali as Diletti
 * Giuliana De Sio as Giulia Antinari
 * Alain Cuny as Nicola Antinari
 * Marie Laforêt as Anna Antinari
 * Luigi De Filippo as Venturi
 * Francisco Rabal as Abate Lovani
 * Pierre Vaneck as Carlo Antinari
 * Lino Capolicchio as Professor Mattinera
 * Adalberto Maria Merli as Dino Alessi
 * Giampiero Albertini as Senator Tarsoni
 * Nicola Di Pinto as Brother Bernardo
 * Simona Cavallari as Ester Rasi Cariddi
 * Mario Adorf as Salvatore Frolo
 * Bruno Cremer as Antonio Espinosa
 * Adriano Pappalardo as Santuzzo Salieri
 * Vanessa Gravina as Lorella De Pisis / Paola Frolo
 * Luigi Diberti as Senator Ettore Salimbeni
 * Pietro Biondi as Falisci
 * Vittorio Amandola as Man at abandoned factory
 * Nello Pazzafini as Girgenti
 * Vittorio Duse as Sicilian Magistrat
 * Elio Zamuto as Santelia
 * Marino Masè as Consigliere Federico Canopio
 * Luigi Pistilli as Giovanni Linori
 * Ray Lovelock as Simon Barth
 * Agnese Nano as Gloria Linori
 * Vanni Corbellini as Andrea Linori
 * Claudine Auger as Matilde Linori
 * Orazio Orlando as Annibale Corvo
 * Orso Maria Guerrini as Giuseppe Carta
 * Delia Boccardo as Marta
 * Riccardo Cucciolla as Riccardo Respighi
 * Ana Torrent as Maria Favignana Cariddi
 * Gottfried John as Friar Gillo / Dante Saverio Filò
 * Stefano Dionisi as Stefano Pardi
 * John Francis Lane as Prosecutor
 * Xavier Deluc as Lorenzo Ribeira
 * Pierre Mondy as Don Amilcare Attilio Brenno
 * Beatrice Macola as Agent Fede
 * Ivano Marescotti as Bellini
 * Tony Sperandeo as Santino Rocchi
 * Glauco Onorato as Father Matteo
 * Rudolf Hrušínský as Stefan Litvak
 * Angela Goodwin as Mrs. Canevari
 * Siegfried Lowitz as Milos Danick
 * Pier Paolo Capponi as Chief Procurator of Milan
 * Martin Dejdar Czech Police Agent
 * Ennio Fantastichini as Saverio Bronta
 * Lorenza Indovina as Chiara Bronta
 * Renato De Carmine as Renato Rannisi
 * Alfredo Pea as Mario Altofonte
 * Anita Zagaria as Giulia Altofonte
 * Romina Mondello as Sara Granchio
 * Francesco Benigno as Biagio Granchio
 * Stefan Danailov as Don Nazzareno "Nuzzo" Marciano
 * Gedeon Burkhard as Daniele Rannisi
 * Sergio Fiorentini as Procurator Michele Orione
 * Giancarlo Prete as Lucio Panarea
 * Rolf Hoppe as Professor Ottavio Ramonte
 * Lucia Sardo as Mrs. Granchio
 * Natasha Hovey as Tiziana Breda
 * Francesco Prando as Bodyguard
 * Paolo Bonacelli as Edoardo Corinto
 * Roberto Herlitzka as Ninni Paradiso
 * Roberto Nobile as Police Superintendent
 * Anja Kling as Baroness Barbara Greenberg Altamura
 * Claudio Gora as Baron Francesco Altamura
 * Renato Mori as Don Calogero Albanese
 * Primo Reggiani as Young Tano Cariddi
 * Ramona Badescu as Maria Cariddi
 * Tony Sperandeo as Turi Mondello
 * Sebastiano Lo Monaco as lawyer Torrisi
 * Luigi Maria Burruano as Favignana's Lawyer
 * Giovanni Esposito as Henchman

Soundtracks

 * La Piovra 2–5 (Ennio Morricone)

Trivia

 * The sixth season of La Piovra was filmed in cooperation with Czech Television and was shot entirely in Prague.
 * Several of the actors in the series were not Italian and thus their parts required Italian dubbing.
 * The series is inspired by several real-life events such as the murders of general Carlo Alberto dalla Chiesa, and judges Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino, in the 1980s and 1990s.

Awards

 * Telegatto, Italy, for Best Italian TV Series in 1984 (Season 1), 1986 (Season 2), 1989 (Season 4), and 1995 (Season 7).
 * Golden Gong, Germany, for Damiano Damiani as best director and Michele Placido as best actor in 1984 (Season 1).
 * Golden Nymph and International TV Critics' Award, Monte-Carlo Television Festival, 1998 (Season 8).

title: La piovra


text:
Ginzel (crater)

Ginzel is a lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon, just beyond the eastern limb. It is named after the Austrian astronomer Friedrich Karl Ginzel. It lies at the eastern edge of the Mare Marginis, in a region of the surface that is sometimes brought into sight of the Earth due to libration. To the north-northeast of Ginzel is the crater Popov, and Dreyer lies due south. Much of the rim and interior of Ginzel have been flooded, leaving only a faint trace of the rim in the otherwise relatively level surface. The western rim projects more prominently above the surrounding irregular plain. The flooded satellite crater Ginzel L is attached to the southern part of the rim, and a small craterlet lies across the rim to the north. Within the interior is a pair of joined small craterlets in the western half. The interior is otherwise nearly featureless.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Ginzel.

title: Ginzel (crater)


text:
User talk:Mogelzahn

I'm not so often in english wikipedia. So please write me at my German User Talk. Thank you very much.--Mogelzahn 18:59, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Carl-Edgar Jarchow
Hi! It seems you recently created an unreferenced biography of a living person: Carl-Edgar Jarchow. The community has decided that all new biographies of living persons must contain a reliable source that supports at least one statement made about the person in the article as per our verifiability policy. Please add references as soon as possible. Thanks! --LaraBot (talk) 00:22, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
 * done. --Mogelzahn (talk) 17:34, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:59, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mogelzahn


text:
Alamo Rent a Car

Alamo Rent a Car is a rental car agency based in Clayton, Missouri, United States. The company has branches across North America, South America, Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia and Oceania. Alamo is owned by Enterprise Holdings, along with other agencies including Enterprise Rent-A-Car and National Car Rental. Alamo typically caters to budget-conscious leisure travelers and is the largest car rental provider to international travelers visiting North America.

History
Alamo was founded in Florida in 1974. In 1996, Alamo was acquired by Republic Industries (later renamed AutoNation). AutoNation spun off its car rental properties as ANC Rental in 2000. ANC filed for bankruptcy a year later; its properties were sold to Vanguard Automotive Group (controlled by Cerberus Capital Management) in 2003. In 2005, Alamo introduced an online check-in system that allowed customers to submit registration information prior to arrival to bypass counter check-in. In 2007, Alamo’s parent company Vanguard was acquired by Enterprise Holdings, operator of the largest rental car company in North America, which operates the Alamo Rent A Car, Enterprise Rent-A-Car, and National Car Rental brands.

Complaints and criticism
Alamo Rent a Car has been criticized for not providing adequate access to/from terminal buildings to rental car lot for wheelchair users; according to the United States Department of Justice, Alamo was the subject of many such complaints; Alamo reached a settlement with the government regarding the complaints filed by the Department of Justice. There was a report in The Washington Post about problems with customers returning cars after hours; in one instance, a customer returned an undamaged car after hours, but Alamo claimed that it had been rear-ended and demanded an additional $785. Alamo dropped the claim after the renter threatened to take them to court. A report in The Denver Post described a snowbound passenger who was charged $950 per day by Alamo around Christmas time in an instance of apparent price gouging. A report in USA Today suggested that increases in rental car rates, which averaged 4% in 2013, were leading many rental car users to switch to taking taxis instead. Two automobile safety advocacy groups petitioned the Federal Trade Commission in 2010 to bar Enterprise Holdings, the parent company of Alamo, from renting out recalled vehicles that had not been fixed. Alamo was criticized in The New York Times for failing to provide information about insurance rates for its rental cars on its website.

title: Alamo Rent a Car


text:
Buta Singh

Buta Singh (21 March 1934 – 2 January 2021) was an Indian politician and a senior leader of the Indian National Congress. He was the Union Home Minister of India, Governor of Bihar and was chairman of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes from 2007 to 2010.

Early life
Buta Singh was born on 21 March 1934 in Mazhabi Sikh family at Mustafapur, Jalandhar district, Punjab, British India. He was educated at Lyallpur Khalsa College in Jalandhar, from where he was awarded a B.A. (Hons), and at Guru Nanak Khalsa College in Bombay, where he earned a M.A. Singh then gained a Ph.D. from Bundelkhand University. He married Manjit Kaur in 1964; the couple had three children.

He worked as journalist before entering politics. He fought his first elections as an Akali Dal member and joined the Indian National Congress in the late 1960s at the time when that party was split.

Political career
Singh was first elected to the Lok Sabha in 1962, for the Moga constituency. He was subsequently elected to the 4th (from Ropar in 1967), 5th, 7th, 8th (from Jalore), 10th (1991), 12th and 13th Lok Sabhas. He was involved with the Congress Party since Jawaharlal Nehru was Prime Minister and he was close to former Indian prime ministers Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi. But he was first elected to the Indian Parliament from the Moga constituency as Akali Dal candidate, defeating his Congress opponent.

He switched to Ropar constituency in 1967, this time as a Congress candidate, and was elected from there to Lok Sabha a couple of times. He became General Secretary of the All India Congress Committee (AICC) General Secretary (1978–1980), Home Minister of India and later Governor of Bihar (2004–2006). Other portfolios that he has held include those for railways, commerce, parliamentary affairs, sports, shipping, agriculture, communications and housing. He was chairman of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (ranked as Cabinet Minister) from 2007 to 2010.

He wrote a book Punjabi Speaking State – A Critical Analysis and a collection of articles on Punjabi literature and Sikh history. Indira Gandhi chose him to select a new party symbol when Congress was split. He was very closely involved with her in Operation Blue Star and as a minister he oversaw reconstruction of the Golden Temple following that exercise. His name was also in the finalists for the post of President of India along with Giani Zail Singh in the Indira era. He was also the chairperson of Asian Games organizing committee when the competition was held in India in 1982.

He contested 2014 Lok Sabha election from Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency) as an independent, backed by Samajwadi Party, but he came third.

Controversies
In 1998, as Communications Minister he was indicted in the JMM bribery case, and forced to resign.

As the Governor of Bihar, Singh's decision to recommend the dissolution of the Bihar Assembly in 2005 was sharply criticised by the Supreme Court of India. The court ruled that Singh had acted in haste and misled the federal cabinet because he did not want a particular party claiming to form the government, to come to power.

Singh, however, claimed that the party was resorting to unfair means to secure support to form the government. On 26 January 2006 Singh sent a fax to Abdul Kalam offering to resign his post. The next day he left office and was replaced temporarily by West Bengal governor Gopalkrishna Gandhi.

Death
Singh died in New Delhi from complications of a cerebral haemorrhage on 2 January 2021, at age 86.

Positions held

 * 1) 1962	  :	Elected to 3rd Lok Sabha, from Moga seat, as Akali Dal candidate
 * 2) 1966–68	  :	Member, Public Accounts Committee.
 * 3) 1967	  :	Re-elected to 4th Lok Sabha (2nd term) as Congress candidate, Ropar (Lok Sabha constituency)
 * 4) 1971	  :	Re-elected to 5th Lok Sabha (3rd term), from Ropar (Lok Sabha constituency)
 * 5) 1971      :     Chairman, Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
 * 6) 1973–74	  :	Convenor, All India Congress Committee (Indira) [AICC(I)], Harijan Cell.
 * 7) 1974–76	  :	Union Deputy Minister, Railways.
 * 8) 1976–77	  :	Union Deputy Minister, Commerce.
 * 9) 1978–80	  :	General-Secretary, AICC(I).
 * 10) 1980	  :	Re-elected to 7th Lok Sabha (4th term), from Ropar (Lok Sabha constituency)
 * 11) 1980–82	  :	Union Minister of State, Shipping and Transport.
 * 12) 1982	  :	Union Minister of State, Supply and Rehabilitation (Independent Charge).
 * 13) 1982–83	  :	Union Minister of State, Supply and Sports (Independent Charge).
 * 14) 1983–84	  :	Union Cabinet Minister, Parliamentary Affairs, Sports and Works and Housing.
 * 15) 1984	  :	Re-elected to 8th Lok Sabha (5th term), from Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)
 * 16) 1984–85	  :	Union Cabinet Minister, Agriculture and Rural Development.
 * 17) 1985–86	  :	Union Cabinet Minister, Agriculture.
 * 18) 1986–89	  :	Union Cabinet Minister, Home Affairs.
 * 19) 1991	  :	Re-elected to 10th Lok Sabha (6th term), Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)
 * 20) 1994–95	  :	Chairman, Parliamentary Committee on Defence.
 * 21) 1995–96	  :	Union Cabinet Minister, Civil Supplies, Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution.
 * 22) 1998	  :	Re-elected to 12th Lok Sabha (7th term), Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)
 * 23) Mar–Apr. 1998:	Union Cabinet Minister, Communications.
 * 24) 1998–99	  :	Member, Committee on Subordinate Legislation and Member, Committee on Finance.
 * 25) 1999	  :	Re-elected to 13th Lok Sabha (8th term), Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)
 * 26) 1999–2000 :	Member, Committee of Privileges and Member, Committee on Communications.
 * 27) 1999–2001 :	Member, Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
 * 28) 2002–2003 :	Chairman, Public Accounts Committee, Room No.-51, Parliament House, New Delhi.
 * 29) 2004–2006 :     Governor Of Bihar
 * 30) 2006–2007 :     Permanent Invitee Congress Working Committee
 * 31) 2007–2010 :     Chairman National Commission For Scheduled Castes (rank of Cabinet Minister)

title: Buta Singh


text:
Kermesidae

The Kermesidae are a family of scale insects belonging to the superfamily Coccoidea. The type genus, Kermes, includes the kermes scale insects, from which a red dye, also called kermes (a.k.a. crimson), is obtained.

title: Kermesidae


text:
Christoph Amberger

Christoph Amberger (c. 1505 – 1562) was a painter of Augsburg in the 16th century, a disciple of Hans Holbein, his principal work being the history of Joseph in twelve pictures.

Life
His father was a stonemason and his grandfather a wood-carver at Amberg. Amberger painted in oils and he also did frescos. His oil paintings are mainly portraits, similar in style to Holbein.

Amberger used to visit Augsburg every year where men of power gathered and opportunities for commissions presented themselves. Among those whose portraits he painted were Jakob Fugger, Konrad Peutinger, Georg von Frundsberg and the Emperor Charles V. He travelled to Northern Italy and Venice between 1525 and 1527. He died in Augsburg.

title: Christoph Amberger


text:
Talk:Dogmatix

Untitled
There's a strange double quote character (") at the end of the text, before the category listing. I cannot find it in the Wiki markup source. What the heck is causing it?   — J I P | Talk 19:01, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Never mind, it seems to be gone now.   — J I P | Talk 19:02, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * That was on Mozilla Firefox. On Internet Explorer, it is showing "mpos" and a copyright symbol. I can't find it anywhere in the article soure code. Is this a bug in Wikipedia?   — J I P | Talk 07:39, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Yup, there is something very screwy with the page display. Broken in Mozilla and IE6. Tannin 08:02, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I have reported this in MediaZilla.   — J I P | Talk 06:53, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

'bone' of contention
Haha... very good! Jamestaylor 14:00, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

Idée fixe
The article writes "a term used to describe a dominant theme in music, literature or philosophy, associated with the 19th century French composer Hector Berlioz". Where did you get this story ? I am French and I never heard this explanation. I looked at the dictionnary of the Centre Nationale de Ressources Textuelles and Lexicales which is somewhat a reference. It says
 * PSYCHOL. et PSYCHANAL. Idée (moins souvent, pensée) fixe.
 * − Idée dominante dont le sujet ne parvient pas à se libérer. Synon. obsession. On eût dit qu'une pensée fixe l'obsédait (Maupass., Contes et nouv., t. 1, Héritage, 1884, p. 466). Cette demoiselle qui ne rêve que de têtes coupées et dont l'idée fixe est d'avoir pour amant un condamné à mort (Green, Journal, 1932, p. 88).
 * − P. ext. Thème, sujet sur lequel on revient sans cesse, par une sorte de manie.

which means ''dominating idea which the subject can not get rid of... By ext. Thema, subject on which one comes back as a sort of mania''. Almost nothing to do with music, literature and philosophy. I never heard about the concept of "idée fixe" associated with Berlioz (who is born 80 km far from where I live). Pierre de Lyon (talk) 21:12, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with File:Dogmatix.png
The image File:Dogmatix.png is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --11:55, 7 February 2009 (UTC)

Golden Sickle Appearance?
I found something rather curious. On page 28 of Asterix and the Golden Sickle, they pass a small dog in Lutetia that looks remarkably like Dogmatix. Is this a coincidence? Retcon? My imagination? Anyone?

Hal 10000.0 (talk) 02:56, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

Breed?
Has anyone determined what breed of dog he is? Grandma Roses (talk) 19:40, 13 March 2010 (UTC)

Undefined breed. (see http://blog-en.asterix.com/index.php?2006/01/09/34-what-breed-is-dogmatix). But in the live action films, he's a West Highland White Terrier. Rwestera (talk) 23:14, 11 May 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dogmatix


text:
TVN Meteo

TVN Meteo was a Polish channel dedicated exclusively to weather forecasts, it launched on May 10, 2003. It was part of the TVN network and is owned by TVN Group. Its programmes aere prepared by the same weather team that presents the forecasts for TVN Meteo's sister channel TVN 24 and the group's flagship channel, TVN. It was available on most Polish cable networks.

Executives of TVN Meteo: Agnieszka Górniakowska, Agnieszka Cegielska, Maja Popielarska, Omenaa Mensah, Bartłomiej Jędrzejak, Tomasz Zubilewicz, Dorota Gardias and Hubert Radzikowski.

History
TVN Meteo began broadcasting on 10 May 2003. The program included mainly thematic weather forecasts. Over the time, programmes on health, animals, plants and weather anomalies were also added to the programming.

Since March 2, 2009, the channel has been broadcasting in the 16:9 format.

From 1 August 2009 to the end of 2012, esoteric bands produced by Kosmica TV were present on TVN Meteo. From February 2013 to 2015, after a month without esoteric broadcasts, Ezo TV broadcasts came into this place. From 2016, the afternoon esoteric band was replaced by the teleshopping band Telezakupy Mango, and at night, the esoteric program Klub Magii produced by Polcast Television.

On 20 June 2011, the tvnmeteo.pl weather portal was launched. However, the official launch date was 21 June 2011. In July 2011, TVN Meteo also started broadcasting documentary programmes. From the very beginning, the station broadcast 24 hours a day.

In October 2014, two new channels were announced: TVN Fabuła, a series and film channel, and TVN Sportive dedicated to health, fitness and physical activity. In December 2014, the broadcaster applied to the Krajowa Rada Radiofonii i Telewizji to suspend the concession procedure for TVN Sportive. However, the broadcaster did not resign from the project, but it was decided to transform the weather channel into a lifestyle and sports channel under the name TVN Meteo Active. The decision was explained by the partial exhaustion of the channel's formula and falling viewing figures.

On 16 April 2015, the station underwent a rebranding and changed its name to TVN Meteo Active and received a new logo. The station combined earlier broadcast weather services with new programmes such as sports, healthy lifestyle and eating, fitness and leisure activities. However, weather forecasts were mainly issued during the night hours.

The TVN Meteo brand as a separate project was not abandoned. A separate portal TVNmeteo.pl with current weather forecast, weather information and social networking sites remained online.

In 2016, TVN announced the rebranding of TVN Meteo Active, which on 7 January 2017 was transformed into HGTV, a channel dedicated to interior design and gardening.

TVN Meteo Active was shut down on 7 January 2017. However, the broadcaster returned to TVN Meteo and a live web TV broadcast was launched, focusing entirely on the presentation of weather forecasts.

title: TVN Meteo


text:
User:RichardWeiss/Orders

List of radiata animal orders lists the various orders of Radiata animals, such as corals, sponges and jellyfish.

Class Anthozoa - inc. corals

 * Subclass Ceriantharia
 * Suborder Spirularia
 * Family Botrucnidiferidae Carlgren, 1912
 * Genus Angianthula Leloup, 1964
 * Genus Atractanthula Leloup, 1964
 * Genus Botracnidifer
 * Genus Botruanthus
 * Genus Botrucnidiata Leloup, 1932
 * Genus Botrucnidifer
 * Genus Calpanthula
 * Genus Cerianthula Beneden, 1898
 * Genus Gymnanthula Leloup, 1964
 * Genus Hensenanthula
 * Genus Ovanthula
 * Genus Sphaeranthula
 * Family Cerianthidae Milne-Edwards & Haime, 1852
 * Genus Anthoactis Leloup, 1932
 * Genus Apiactis Beneden, 1897
 * Genus Bursanthus Leloup, 1968
 * Genus Ceriantheomorphe Carlgren, 1931
 * Genus Ceriantheopsis Carlgren, 1912
 * Genus Cerianthus Delle Chiaje, 1830
 * Genus Engodactylactis Leloup, 1942
 * Genus Isodactylactis Carlgren, 1924
 * Genus Nautanthus Leloup, 1964
 * Genus Pachycerianthus Roule, 1904
 * Genus Paradactylactis Carlgren, 1924
 * Genus Parovactis Leloup, 1964
 * Genus Peponactis Van Beneden, 1897
 * Genus Plesiodactylactis Leloup, 1942
 * Genus Sacculactis Leloup, 1964
 * Genus Solasteractis Van Beneden, 1897
 * Genus Synarachnactis Carlgren, 1924
 * Genus Syndactylactis Carlgren, 1924
 * Genus Trichactis Leloup, 1964

 * Suborder Penicilaria
 * Family Arachnactidae McMurrich, 1910
 * Genus Anactinia Annandale, 1909
 * Genus Arachnactis Sars, 1846
 * Genus Arachnanthus Carlgren, 1912
 * Genus Dactylactis van Beneden, 1897
 * Genus Isapiactis Carlgren, 1924
 * Genus Isarachnactis Carlgren, 1924
 * Genus Isarachnanthus Carlgren, 1924
 * Genus Isovactis
 * Genus Ovactis
 * Genus Paranactinia
 * Subclass Hexacorallia
 * Order Corallimorpharia
 * Order Cothoniida †
 * Order Heliolitida †
 * Order Heterocorallia †
 * Order Kilbuchophyllida †
 * Order Numidiaphyllida †
 * Order Scleractinia
 * Order Actiniaria
 * Order Tabulata †
 * Order Tabuloconida †
 * Order Zoantharia
 * Subclass Octocorallia
 * Order Alcyonacea
 * Order Helioporacea
 * Order Pennatulacea

=== Subphylum Medusozoa—jellyfish: ===

 * Order Cubozoa—box jellyfish, sea wasps
 * Order Hydrozoa—hydroids, hydra-like animals
 * Order Scyphozoa—true jellyfish
 * Order Staurozoa—stalked jellyfish
 * Order Polypodiozoa—parasites

Subphylum Myxozoa—parasites

 * Order Malacosporea
 * Order Myxosporea

Class Tentaculata

 * Order Cestida
 * Order Cambojiida
 * Order Cryptolobiferida
 * Order Cydippida
 * Order Ganeshida
 * Order Lobata
 * Order Platyctenida
 * Order Thalassocalycida

Class Nuda

 * Genus Beröe
 * Genus Neis

Class Trilobozoa

 * Family Albumares
 * Family Anfesta
 * Family Tribrachidium

The following genera are triradially symmetric edicarans that have not yet been classified into either Albumaresidae or Tribrachididae, nor a new family.
 * Family Skinnera
 * Family Hallidaya
 * ?Family Triforillonia
 * ?Family Rugoconites

title: User:RichardWeiss/Orders


text:
Talk:Thank God I Found You

Joe
Who keeps changing Joe's name to "Thomas"? True, Joe Thomas is his full name, but his artistic name is "Joe." One word, that's all, like Cher or Ashanti.

It would be like calling Madonna "Ciccone" or "Ritchie." I'm reverting his name back to Joe.

 * He was mentioned in the text as "Joe Thomas", and then (as with all these pop articles) he was referred to by his Christian name; that's why I changed it. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 18:18, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * That's why you should DO YOUR RESEARCH before changing these items blindly. It would save all of us (and you) a lot of time with reverts.  Musiclover 10:00, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

As I've said elesewhere, if editors would write correctly in the first place, not fan-gushing Christian names everywhere, then I'd not have made the mistake. And no, it's not up to me to do research every time I make a minor correction like this; it's up to all editors not to be so confrontational when someone comes along and makes a good-faith editing mistake. When I started the Sisyphean task of cleaning up all these pop-music articles, I didn't leave comments or edit-summaries accusing the original editors of bad-faith editing, of not bothering to read the MoS, etc. — I just made the changes. When a few editors started blindly (and often aggressively) reverting my corrections, I at first tried polite explanations rather than shouting at them to do their research. Is it that teeny-pop engenders this sort of aggression in its fans, or that it's aggressive teens who become fans? --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 08:42, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * It's okay, you didn't know. Everybody makes mistakes. "Joe" is the singer's stage name, and he should never have been referred ot as "Joe Thomas" here in the first place (someone probably just forgot to pipe the link). --FuriousFreddy 14:29, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * You did it in good faith, Mel. My apologies if that sounded like a rant; your work here is appreciated.  Musiclover 15:09, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * My apologies in return; I was getting too ratty, and needed to go and watch the cricket for a while (which was well worth it...). --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:17, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Good compromise. —Hollow Wilerding 01:44, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

After stating that Judge Christine Snyder ruled for Carey in a summary judgment, it should be included that the Ninth Circuit, in a decision by Judge Canby, reversed summary judgment, holding that Judge Snyder ought to have allowed for Plaintiff Seth Swirsky [writer of Xscape's song] to have had his expert witness go before the jury. LAatty 06:50, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

 * The article is misleading in trying to indicate the lawsuit was thrown out, however, it was reinstated and Carey paid a settlement. Links are available with Swisky VS Carey 2004. Once I can find a link of a settlement, I will rewrite the article myself. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.34.9.236 (talk) 05:30, 1 March 2013 (UTC)

 * I keep forgetting to sign my posts...

Finally, links of reinstatement and a settlement:

Reinstated: [url]http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=5495147661516410669&q=SWIRSKY+v.+CAREY+2004&hl=en&as_sdt=2,10&as_vis=1[/url]

Settled: http://www.legalmetric.com/cases/copyright/cacd/cacd_200cv09926.html — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.34.9.236 (talk) 05:42, 1 March 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Thank God I Found You