text:
User talk:Ryansilke

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Samw 01:35, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
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Churn drill
Hello, I noticed that parts of Churn drill come from http://www.maden.hacettepe.edu.tr/dmmrt/dmmrt217.html Is that public domain material? If not, that would be a a copyright violation and that material should be removed. Thanks. Samw 01:35, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Mining
Hey! I noticed all the articles you have made on mining. Keep up the good work. Howabout1 01:59, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Tungsten, Northwest Territories
ThI thought the link was dead but it turns ot it was ".ca" not ".com". Cheers. CambridgeBayWeather (Talk) 05:11, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

Outpost Island Mine
I have added a "" template to the article Outpost Island Mine, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, or, if you disagree with the notice, discuss the issues at its talk page. Removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, but the article may still be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached, or if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria. - Tragic Baboon (banana receptacle) 19:31, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

Sutherland&
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December 2013
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Areas of Yellowknife
I noticed that in the discussion at Talk:Peace River, Skookum1 mentioned Peace River Flats. That got me to thinking that Wikipedia could use an article on the areas/neighbourhoods of Yellowknife. So I thought I'd look around and see what there was available. Of course most of what is available has your name on it. So I was wondering if you would be interested in creating such an article? Happy New Year. CambridgeBayWeather (talk) 12:18, 1 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks. CambridgeBayWeather (talk) 13:23, 8 January 2014 (UTC)

Port Radium
Hi. Where have you gotten this information that Port Radium is a National Historic Site? I can't find any reference to it being one, or even once having been one. What am I missing? Cheers, --Skeezix1000 (talk) 18:17, 5 December 2014 (UTC)
 * All I can find is that in 1973 the feds designated the Mining National Historic Event (not a National Historic Site) and subsequently installing plaques across the country (Noranda, Asbestos, South Porcupine, Sudbury, Cobalt, Port Radium, Labrador City), with the plaque at Port radium (installed in 1978) commemorating the uranium industry. Unlike National Historic Sites, National Historic Events don't necessarily attach to any one location.  --Skeezix1000 (talk) 18:23, 5 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your note. It is not a National Historic Site.  It is not listed as one at the DFHD.  There was no "intent" back in 1978 to designates this as a NHS, nor is this something that has been forgotten over time -- the official listing indicates quite clearly, as I stated above, that the plaque was installed in 1978 (along with 6 other towns) to commemorate a National Historic Event.  Both are federal designations, but they are not interchangeable. It is a plaque location for a NHE, not a NHS. On the face of official federal records, the newspaper clipping you seem to have from 35 years ago is obviously incorrect.  Please do not reinsert incorrect information into articles.  If you disagree with the federal records, initiate a discussion on the article talk page, as per WP:CON and WP:BRD, but please do not re-add information for which there is no consensus.  Thanks.  --Skeezix1000 (talk) 22:08, 6 December 2014 (UTC)

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a heads up
Hi, and thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia. It appears that you tried to give Steamboats of the Mackenzie River  a different title by copying its content and pasting either the same content, or an edited version of it, into Boats of the Mackenzie River Watershed. This is known as a "cut-and-paste move", and it is undesirable because it splits the page history, which is legally required for attribution. Instead, the software used by Wikipedia has a feature that allows pages to be moved to a new title together with their edit history.

In most cases, once your account is four days old and has ten edits, you should be able to move an article yourself using the "Move" tab at the top of the page (the tab may be hidden in a dropdown menu for you). This both preserves the page history intact and automatically creates a redirect from the old title to the new. If you cannot perform a particular page move yourself this way (e.g. because a page already exists at the target title), please follow the instructions at requested moves to have it moved by someone else. Also, if there are any other pages that you moved by copying and pasting, even if it was a long time ago, please list them at Requests for history merge. Thank you. Geo Swan (talk) 04:06, 24 November 2017 (UTC)

Redlinks
I left a comment at Talk:Boats_of_the_Mackenzie_River_Watershed, where I offered the opinion that all the vessels listed there were potential topics for standalone articles. The wikipedia's guidelines for redlinks say it is okay to include wikilinks to non-existent articles, if the topic of the wikilink is potentially a reasonable topic for an article.

Maritime vessels is a field where, by long-standing convention, articles are kept, providing there are some reasonable references.

There is something else I noticed. Today you edited some entries in the table, like that for vessels named Alcan, where you left that entry describing two vessels. Are you sure that is a good idea?

It is pretty routine for vessels to be renamed, for instance when a new agency begins operating them, or there is a change in ownership. So, for me, this is a strong argument for each entry to describe just one vessel.

Cheers! Geo Swan (talk) 02:09, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

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Yellowknife Highway
I just noticed this. Do you know of any ferry that ran there prior to the 1960s? Thanks. CambridgeBayWeather, Uqaqtuq (talk), Sunasuttuq 18:21, 21 November 2019 (UTC)

Gordon A. Allen moved to draftspace
An article you recently created, Gordon A. Allen, does not have enough sources and citations as written to remain published. It needs more citations from reliable, independent sources. (?) Information that can't be referenced should be removed (verifiability is of central importance on Wikipedia). I've moved your draft to draftspace (with a prefix of " " before the article title) where you can incubate the article with minimal disruption. When you feel the article meets Wikipedia's general notability guideline and thus is ready for mainspace, please click on the "Submit your draft for review!" button at the top of the page.  CASSIOPEIA(talk) 15:57, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation: Gordon A. Allen (March 30)
 Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reason left by Sulfurboy was:

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Sulfurboy (talk) 02:59, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation: Gordon A. Allen (September 3)
 Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reason left by DGG was:

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 DGG ( talk ) 09:18, 3 September 2020 (UTC)

Ways to improve Canol Project
Hello, Ryansilke,

Thank you for creating Canol Project.

I have tagged the page as having some issues to fix, as a part of our page curation process and note that:

"Can you add a cite on "the eventual scope...", also ISBN and page numbers for the book cited as reference 1 - Nice start article."

The tags can be removed by you or another editor once the issues they mention are addressed. If you have questions, leave a comment here and begin it with. Remember to sign your reply with. For broader editing help, please visit the Teahouse.

Delivered via the Page Curation tool, on behalf of the reviewer.

JW 1961  Talk  12:19, 11 December 2020 (UTC)

Your draft article, Draft:Gordon A. Allen

Hello, Ryansilke. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or Draft page you started, "Gordon A. Allen".

In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been nominated for deletion. If you plan on working on it further, or editing it to address the issues raised if it was declined, simply and remove the, , or  code.

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Thank you for your submission to Wikipedia! UnitedStatesian (talk) 02:33, 12 March 2021 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Salmita Mine

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Nomination of Northern Traders Company for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Northern Traders Company is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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title: User talk:Ryansilke


text:
Nursing research

Nursing research is research that provides evidence used to support nursing practices. Nursing, as an evidence-based area of practice, has been developing since the time of Florence Nightingale to the present day, where many nurses now work as researchers based in universities as well as in the health care setting.

Nurse education places focus upon the use of evidence from research in order to rationalise nursing interventions. In England and Wales, courts may determine if a nurse acted reasonably based upon whether their intervention was supported by research.

Areas of research
Nursing research falls largely into two areas:
 * Quantitative research is based in the paradigm of logical positivism and is focused upon outcomes for clients that are measurable, generally using statistics. The dominant research method is the randomised controlled trial.
 * Qualitative research is based in the paradigm of phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography and others, and examines the experience of those receiving or delivering the nursing care, focusing, in particular, on the meaning that it holds for the individual. The research methods most commonly used are interviews, case studies, focus groups and ethnography

Recently in the UK, action research has become increasingly popular in nursing.

Evidence-based quality improvement practices
In 2008, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality AHRQ created the AHRQ Health Care Innovations Exchange to document and share health care quality improvement programs, including hundreds of profiles featuring nursing innovations. Each of the nursing profiles contained in this collection contains an evidence rating that assesses how strong the relationship is between the innovative practice and the results described in the profile. Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is both a goal and approach in nursing, however, there are nurse-related barriers to evidence based-practice such as limited knowledge of EBP and work overload.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Nursing research


text:
Buford and the Galloping Ghost

Buford and the Galloping Ghost is an American animated television series and a spin-off of Yogi's Space Race produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions that was broadcast on NBC from September 9 to December 2, 1978. The half-hour series was composed of two 11-minute segments: The Buford Files and The Galloping Ghost.

The Buford Files (not to be confused with the live-action show The Rockford Files) and The Galloping Ghost originally aired as segments on Yogi's Space Race from September 9, 1978, to January 27, 1979. Following the cancellation of Yogi's Space Race, both segments were repackaged and spun off into a half-hour show on NBC from February 3 to September 1, 1979. The show has been rebroadcast on USA Cartoon Express, Cartoon Network and Boomerang.

The Buford Files
Buford is a lazy bloodhound with a mournful bark and a sharp nose for solving mysteries who lives deep in Fenokee Swamp. He teams up with the teenage Boggs twins, Cindy Mae and Woody. The trio solves confusing mysteries that baffle Sheriff Muletrain and his overeager but dimwitted deputy Goofer McGee. Buford's abilities are expanded with ears that revolve like radar dishes, and his nose responds to clues like a Geiger counter.

But Buford has two weaknesses: when the moon comes out, he howls incessantly (often at the most perilous moments), and he also has a running feud with a karate-whacking raccoon.

Voice cast

 * Frank Welker – Buford
 * Pat Parris – Cindy Mae
 * Dave Landsburg – Woody
 * Henry Corden – Sheriff Muletrain Pettigrew
 * Roger Peltz – Deputy Goofer McGee

The Galloping Ghost
Nugget Nose is a short and feisty ghost of an Old West gold prospector who finds adventure riding his invisible horse. He is also a guardian to Wendy and Rita, two young cowgirls who work at the Fuddy Dude Ranch, owned by grouchy, old Fenwick Fuddy.

Whenever Fuddy threatens to fire the girls, Nugget makes himself invisible and becomes a helping friend. He is always battling Fuddy and takes delight in harassing him in odd and humorous ways. When the girls are in trouble, Wendy summons Nugget by rubbing on her special gold nugget necklace.

Voice cast

 * Frank Welker – Nugget Nose
 * Marilyn Schreffler – Wendy
 * Pat Parris – Rita
 * Hal Peary – Fenwick Fuddy

Production
Buford and the Galloping Ghost was animated at Filman, an animation studio in Madrid, Spain (headed by Carlos Alfonso and Juan Pina) who did a lot of animation work for Hanna-Barbera between the early 1970s through the mid-1980s.

title: Buford and the Galloping Ghost


text:
Constantine, Switzerland

Constantine is a former municipality in the district of Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

The municipalities of Bellerive, Chabrey, Constantine, Montmagny, Mur, Vallamand and Villars-le-Grand merged on 1 July 2011 into the new municipality of Vully-les-Lacs.

History
Constantine is first mentioned in 1228 as Costantina.

Geography
Constantine has an area,, of 2.81 km2. Of this area, 1.93 km2 or 68.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.4 km2 or 14.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.42 km2 or 14.9% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.05 km2 or 1.8% is either rivers or lakes and 0.01 km2 or 0.4% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 7.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.8%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 3.6%. Out of the forested land, 12.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 55.9% is used for growing crops and 7.8% is pastures, while 5.0% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality was part of the Avenches District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Constantine became part of the new district of Broye-Vully.

The municipality is located on the southern slope of Mont Vully. It consists of the village of Constantine and the southern portion of the village of Salavaux.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent, a Branch palewise with five Leaves Vert.

Demographics
Constantine has a population of 301. , 8.5% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 14.4%. It has changed at a rate of 17.1% due to migration and at a rate of -2.7% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population speaks French (232 or 82.9%), with German being second most common (30 or 10.7%) and Portuguese being third (10 or 3.6%).

Of the population in the municipality 91 or about 32.5% were born in Constantine and lived there in 2000. There were 82 or 29.3% who were born in the same canton, while 74 or 26.4% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 33 or 11.8% were born outside of Switzerland.

In there were  live births to Swiss citizens and were 4 deaths of Swiss citizens. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 4 while the foreign population remained the same. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was a decrease of 4 and the non-Swiss population increased by 5 people. This represents a population growth rate of 0.4%.

The age distribution,, in Constantine is; 24 children or 8.0% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 39 teenagers or 13.0% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 35 people or 11.6% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 35 people or 11.6% are between 30 and 39, 48 people or 15.9% are between 40 and 49, and 37 people or 12.3% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 39 people or 13.0% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 28 people or 9.3% are between 70 and 79, there are 13 people or 4.3% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 3 people or 1.0% who are 90 and older.

, there were 105 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 141 married individuals, 18 widows or widowers and 16 individuals who are divorced.

the average number of residents per living room was 0.53 which is fewer people per room than the cantonal average of 0.61 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m2 as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 60.6% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage or a rent-to-own agreement).

, there were 112 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.3 persons per household. There were 36 households that consist of only one person and 8 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 116 households that answered this question, 31.0% were households made up of just one person and there were 2 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 32 married couples without children, 34 married couples with children There were 7 single parents with a child or children. There was 1 household that was made up of unrelated people and 4 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.

there were 48 single family homes (or 53.3% of the total) out of a total of 90 inhabited buildings. There were 14 multi-family buildings (15.6%), along with 19 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (21.1%) and 9 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (10.0%). Of the single family homes 14 were built before 1919, while 11 were built between 1990 and 2000. The most multi-family homes (5) were built before 1919 and the next most (4) were built between 1961 and 1970.

there were 123 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 4 rooms of which there were 38. There were 6 single room apartments and 43 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 99 apartments (80.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 16 apartments (13.0%) were seasonally occupied and 8 apartments (6.5%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 29.9 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the FDP which received 39.93% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (21.48%), the SVP (19.09%) and the Green Party (5.48%). In the federal election, a total of 107 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 51.7%.

Economy
, Constantine had an unemployment rate of 1.1%. , there were 34 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 10 businesses involved in this sector. 8 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 3 businesses in this sector. 63 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 20 businesses in this sector. There were 140 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 39.3% of the workforce.

the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 77. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 28, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 7 of which 3 or (42.9%) were in manufacturing and 4 (57.1%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 42. In the tertiary sector; 14 or 33.3% were in the sale or repair of motor vehicles, 3 or 7.1% were in the movement and storage of goods, 13 or 31.0% were in a hotel or restaurant, 7 or 16.7% were technical professionals or scientists, 2 or 4.8% were in education.

, there were 30 workers who commuted into the municipality and 83 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.8 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 5% used public transportation to get to work, and 60% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 68 or 24.3% were Roman Catholic, while 194 or 69.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, and there were 3 individuals (or about 1.07% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 person who was Buddhist. 13 (or about 4.64% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 1 individuals (or about 0.36% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Constantine about 112 or (40.0%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 33 or (11.8%) have completed additional higher education (either University or a Fachhochschule). Of the 33 who completed tertiary schooling, 63.6% were Swiss men, 18.2% were Swiss women.

In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 29 students in the Constantine school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts. During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 155 children of which 83 children (53.5%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 13 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 16 students in those schools.

, there were 22 students in Constantine who came from another municipality, while 47 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Constantine, Switzerland


text: User talk:68.80.87.222

title: User talk:68.80.87.222


text:
User:Tabibne

Historical Expert

title: User:Tabibne


text:
User talk:Tabibne

Merhaba

Blocked
Blocked as a sock of Osman Oglou --Tony Sidaway|Talk 12:54, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tabibne


text: User talk:66.142.90.135

title: User talk:66.142.90.135


text:
A History of Violence (comics)

A History of Violence is a graphic novel written by John Wagner and illustrated by Vince Locke, originally published in 1997 by Paradox Press and later by Vertigo Comics, both imprints of DC Comics.

It is also the source for the film of the same name directed by David Cronenberg, the first cinematic adaptation of a work by John Wagner since 1995's Judge Dredd.

Plot
In a rural Michigan town, cafe owner Tom McKenna becomes a local hero after he overpowers and kills two armed robbers. Despite his efforts to avoid the limelight, Tom's story receives national attention.

Tom is soon visited by three men who are later revealed to be associates of a powerful New York City Mafia family. Their leader, John Torrino, an aging hitman blind in one eye, alleges that Tom is actually a mobster named Joey who crossed him 20 years earlier. Torrino notices that Tom is missing a finger on his left hand and pulls out a pendant containing a severed finger, claiming he took it from Joey during their last encounter. Tom's wife Edie intervenes and orders the men to leave before she calls the police. The men comply but Edie still calls Sheriff Frank Carney, who confronts and chases off the gangsters but then later questions Tom as to whether they might have something against him.

Tom vehemently protests his innocence to everyone but is eventually forced to drop his façade when Torrino and his accomplices take the McKennas' son Buzz hostage in order to draw out Tom. Tom manages to thwart their plan and kill the other two mobsters, while Edie shoots Torrino dead in defense of her husband.

At the hospital, Tom finally admits to Edie and Buzz that he is in fact Joey and reveals why he left New York and changed his identity. He and his childhood friend Richie pulled off a well-planned and spectacular heist, killing local crime boss Lou Manzi and several of his associates. This event was perpetrated mostly by Richie in retaliation for the murder of his older brother. Tom, then known by his real name Joey Muni, only agreed to help so he could acquire the money that his grandmother needed for an expensive medical procedure on her heart. Richie foolishly chose to flaunt his take, which allowed Torrino and his cronies to identify him as one of the robbers. Using a woman as bait, they lured Richie to a derelict apartment building where he was tortured and presumably killed, but not before naming Joey as his accomplice. Joey narrowly escaped the same fate, losing his finger to and taking an eye from Torrino in the process, and fled the city with the intent of starting over with a new identity, eventually changing his name to Tom McKenna.

Tom is eventually forced to confess all of this to the police after DNA analysis reveals that the finger Torrino kept is in fact his. Fortunately for him, his lawyer arrives and learns that the police failed to Mirandize him, which makes his confession inadmissible in court.

Prior to his confession to the police, Tom learns that Richie is still alive and being held captive by someone later revealed to be Manzi's sadistic son, "Little" Lou, who seeks to avenge his father's murder. Tom and Edie send their children to stay with relatives while the two of them fly to New York to deal with related legal matters. He arranges a meeting with Little Lou at a warehouse where he dispatches three more men waiting to ambush him and maims a fourth, who leaves a blood trail that helps the police track down his location later on.

Tom finds Richie hanging in a harness, having been horribly mutilated and tortured for twenty years. Little Lou arrives and knocks him down with a bat before tying him up to be tortured to death. Tom manages to grab Little Lou with his legs and topple them both over, freeing him. He gets ahold of the mobster's gun but finds that Lou had purposefully left it unloaded. The mob boss grabs an industrial chainsaw and is subsequently killed when Tom pushes him onto the running blade, slicing through his head. Tom tells Richie he will get him to a hospital, but Richie is overcome with guilt and asks his old friend to finish him off. Tom suffocates Richie in an act of euthanasia shortly before the police arrive. As Tom is loaded onto an ambulance, he assures Edie that it is all over.

Awards
The book was nominated for the 2006 Angoulême International Comics Festival Prize for Scenario.

Film adaptation
In 2005 the novel was adapted into a film by David Cronenberg, starring Viggo Mortensen.

While the first half of the film is faithful to the source, the remainder of the film takes many liberties with the story. Some changes are relatively minor (in the film, the main character's name is Tom Stall, he lives in Indiana and the gangsters pursuing him are from a Philadelphia-based Irish Mob), the main character's brother, played by William Hurt, bears virtually no resemblance to the corresponding character in the graphic novel.

The film's reviews were largely favorable and it garnered recognition at the Cannes Film Festival, as well as Academy Award nominations for Hurt (Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role) and writer Josh Olson (Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published).

In a March 2009 issue of Now, comic book experts Christopher Butcher and Peter Birkemoe praised the film while panning the original comic.

An Indian Tamil language action thriller film Leo (2023) was made based on A History Of Violence starring Vijay, written and directed by Lokesh Kanagaraj.

title: A History of Violence (comics)


text: User talk:69.174.25.39

title: User talk:69.174.25.39


text:
A History of Violence

A History of Violence is a 2005 action thriller film directed by David Cronenberg and written by Josh Olson. It is an adaptation of the 1997 DC graphic novel of the same title by John Wagner and Vince Locke. The film stars Viggo Mortensen, Maria Bello, Ed Harris, and William Hurt. In the film, a diner owner becomes a local hero after he foils an attempted robbery, but has to face his past enemies to protect his family.

A History of Violence was in the main competition for the 2005 Palme d'Or and was put into a limited release in the United States on September 23, 2005, followed by a wide release on September 30, 2005. It has often been described as one of the greatest films of the 2000s. The film was specifically praised for its performances, screenwriting and atmosphere. William Hurt was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, and Olson was nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay. Mortensen himself praised it as "one of the best movies [he's] ever been in, if not the best". It is also notable as being one of the last major Hollywood films to be released on VHS.

Plot
Tom Stall is a diner owner who lives in the fictional small town of Millbrook, Indiana, with a loving wife Edie, teenage son Jack, and daughter Sarah. One night, two spree killers attempt to rob the restaurant. When a waitress is threatened, Tom deftly kills both robbers with surprising skill and precision. He is hailed as a hero by his family and the townspeople, and the incident makes him a local celebrity. Tom is visited by scarred gangster Carl Fogarty, who alleges that Tom is actually a Philadelphia professional hitman named Joey Cusack who had dealings with organized crime in Philadelphia. Tom vehemently denies this, but Carl remains persistent and begins to stalk the Stall family. Under pressure from Carl and his newfound fame, Tom's relationships with his family become strained.

Following an argument with his father over the use of violence on a bully at his school, Jack runs away. He is caught by Carl, who, with Jack as his hostage, goes with his men to the Stall house and demands that "Joey" return to Philadelphia with them. After the gangsters release Jack, Tom is slow to join them in their car, so they attempt to force him to cooperate. Tom kills one of the two henchmen with the same precision he used against the robbers and severely injures the other, but Carl shoots Tom before he can do the same to him. As the gangster stands over Tom, preparing to kill him, Tom finally drops the façade and admits he is indeed Joey. However, before Carl can deliver a coup de grâce, Jack kills him with the family's shotgun.

At the hospital, Edie confronts Tom, claiming that while he was attacking Carl's men, she saw "the real Joey" that the gangster was talking about. Tom shocks Edie by admitting that he is actually Joey Cusack, and that he has killed for both money and pleasure. He tells Edie that he ran away from Philadelphia to escape his violent criminal past. This admission deepens the tensions in their marriage.

After Tom gets out of the hospital, Sam, the local sheriff, pays a visit. Sam expresses confusion about everything that has happened. He tells Tom and Edie that these mobsters would never go to so much trouble unless they were certain that they had the right man. Just when Tom is about to confess, Edie lies to Sam, claiming that Tom is who he says he is, and that their family has suffered enough. At a loss for words after Edie breaks down into tears, Sam leaves. Edie and Tom then start slapping and hitting each other, their fight eventually culminating in violent sex on the stairs. Afterward, Edie and Jack continue to further distance themselves from Tom, leaving him isolated. He receives a call from his brother, crime boss Richie Cusack, who also demands his return to Philadelphia, or else he will come to Indiana to find him. After traveling to meet his brother, Tom learns that the other mobsters whom he had offended in Philadelphia took out their frustrations on Richie, penalizing him financially and delaying his advancement in the organization. Tom offers to make peace, but Richie orders his men to kill his brother. Tom manages to kill most of the guards and escape. As Richie and his last henchman are hunting for him, Tom kills the henchman, takes his gun, and confronts Richie outside; stunned, Richie says "Jesus, Joey" before Tom kills him with a single gunshot to the head, responding "Jesus, Richie".

Tom returns home, where the atmosphere is tense and silent as the family sits around the dinner table. His young daughter eventually hands him a dinner plate. Some moments later, his son offers him a communal plate of food and Edie looks at Tom with tears in her eyes.

Production
The film is loosely based on the original graphic novel. Screenwriter Josh Olson intended from the beginning to use the original story as a springboard to explore the themes that interested him.

Mortensen read Olson's original version of the script and "was quite disappointed. It was 120-odd pages of just mayhem; kind of senseless, really." He only agreed to do the movie after meeting with Cronenberg, who (according to Mortensen) reworked the script.

Most of the film was shot in Millbrook, Ontario. The shopping centre scene was shot in Tottenham, Ontario, and the climactic scene was shot at the historic Eaton Hall Mansion, located in King City, Ontario. Harrison Ford turned down the role of Tom Stall. Cronenberg stated that "I think it took three weeks to edit".

Alternate versions
The U.S. and European versions differ on only two fight scenes - one where Tom breaks the nose of one of Fogarty's thugs and one where he stomps on the throat of one of Richie Cusack's thugs. Both scenes display more blood flowing or gushing out of the victims in the European version. In addition, a more pronounced bone-crushing sound effect is used when Tom stomps on the thug's throat.

A deleted scene, known as "Scene 44", features a dream sequence in the diner, where Fogarty tells Tom he will kill his family and him, to which Tom responds by shooting him with his shotgun at close range. He then approaches Fogarty's mangled body, which raises a gun and shoots him. In behind the scenes footage, Cronenberg expressed apprehension about the scene's similarity to his previous work. He even suggested a desire to have Fogarty retrieve the gun from his chest cavity had the action not been too similar to a scene from Videodrome.

Interpretation
The film's title plays on multiple levels of meaning. Film critic Roger Ebert stated that Cronenberg refers to three possibilities:

"... (1) a suspect with a long history of violence; (2) the historical use of violence as a means of settling disputes, and (3) the innate violence of Darwinian evolution, in which better-adapted organisms replace those less able to cope. 'I am a complete Darwinian', says Cronenberg, whose new film is in many ways about the survival of the fittest—at all costs."

Cronenberg himself described the film as a meditation on the human body and its relationship to violence:

"For me the first fact of human existence is the human body. I'm not an atheist, but for me to turn away from any aspect of the human body to me is a philosophical betrayal. And there's a lot of art and religion whose whole purpose is to turn away from the human body. I feel in my art that my mandate is to not do that. So whether it's beautiful things—the sexuality part, or the violent part or the gooey part—it's just body fluids. It's when Elliott in Dead Ringer (sic) says, 'Why are there no beauty contests for the insides of bodies?' It's a thought that disturbs me. How can we be disgusted by our own bodies? That really doesn't make any human sense. It makes some animal sense but it doesn't make human sense so I'm always discussing that in my movies and in this movie in particular. I don't ever feel that I've been exploitive in a crude, vulgar way, or just doing it to get attention. It's always got a purpose which I can be very articulate about. In this movie, we've got an audience that's definitely going to applaud these acts of violence and they do because it's set up that these acts are justifiable and almost heroic at times. But I'm saying, 'Okay, if you can applaud that, can you applaud this?' because this is the result of that gunshot in the head. It's not nice. And even if the violence is justifiable, the consequences of the violence are exactly the same. The body does not know what was the morality of that act. So I'm asking the audience to see if they can contain the whole experience of this violent act instead of just the heroic/dramatic one. I'm saying 'Here's the really nasty effects on these nasty guys but still, the effects are very nasty.' And that's the paradox and conundrum.'"

Music
The soundtrack to A History of Violence was released on October 11, 2005.

Theatrical
A History of Violence premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on May 16, 2005, and was released in the United States on September 30 following a limited release on September 23, 2005.

Home media
The film was released on DVD and VHS formats on March 14, 2006, and was reported by the Los Angeles Times as being the last major Hollywood film to be released on VHS.

Box office
The film started with a limited release in 14 theaters and grossed $515,992 at the box office, averaging $36,856 per theater. A week later, it went on a wide release in 1,340 theaters and grossed $8.1 million over the weekend. During its entire theatrical run, the film grossed $31.5 million in the United States and a total of $61.4 million worldwide.

Critical response
Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C+" on an A+ to F scale.

Rolling Stone critic Peter Travers gave the film four stars, highlighting its "explosive power and subversive wit", and lauded David Cronenberg as a "world-class director, at the top of his startlingly creative form". Entertainment Weekly reviewer Lisa Schwarzbaum gave the film an A, concluding that "David Cronenberg's brilliant movie" was "without a doubt one of the very best of the year".

Manohla Dargis of The New York Times called the film a "mindblower", and noted Cronenberg's "refusal to let us indulge in movie violence without paying a price". Roger Ebert also gave the film a positive review, observing, "A History of Violence seems deceptively straightforward, coming from a director with Cronenberg's quirky complexity, but think again. This is not a movie about plot, but about character." He gave it three and a half out of four stars.

It was ranked the best film of 2005 in the Village Voice Film Poll.

In December 2005, it was named to the Toronto International Film Festival's annual Canada's top-ten list of the year's best Canadian films.

BBC film critic Mark Kermode named the film the best of 2005.

Retrospective lists
Empire named the film the 448th-greatest film of all time.

The French film magazine Cahiers du cinéma ranked the film as fifth place in its list of best films of the decade, 2000–2009.

In his list of best films of the decade, Peter Travers named this number four, praising director David Cronenberg:

Is Canadian director David Cronenberg the most unsung maverick artist in movies? Bet on it ... Cronenberg knows violence is wired into our DNA. His film showed how we secretly crave what we publicly condemn. This is potent poison for a thriller, and unadulterated, unforgettable Cronenberg.

In 2016, the film was ranked among the 100 greatest films since 2000 in an international critics' poll by 177 critics around the world.

Indian adaptation
Leo, a 2023 Indian Tamil language film co-written and directed by Lokesh Kanagaraj, is an adaptation of A History of Violence.

title: A History of Violence


text:
Thierry Cornillet

Thierry Cornillet (born 23 July 1951 in Montélimar, Drôme) is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the south-east of France. He is a member of the Union for French Democracy, which is part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Development. He was president of the center-right Parti radical valoisien from 1997 to 1999.

He is a substitute for the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy, a substitute for the Subcommittee on Human Rights, vice-chair of the delegation to the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly, and a member of the delegation to the Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly.

Career

 * Master's degree in law (1975)
 * Graduate of the Paris Institute of Political Studies (1975)
 * Postgraduate diploma in environment law (1976)
 * Doctorate in political science (1984)
 * Chairman of the Radical Party (1999–2000)
 * Vice-President of the UDF (2000–2002)
 * National Secretary of the UDF (since 2002)
 * Vice-Chairman of the Rhône-Alpes Regional Council (1999–2004)
 * Member of Rhône-Alpes Regional Council (since 2004)
 * Member of the National Assembly (1993–1997)
 * Member of the European Parliament (since 1999)
 * Vice-President of the ACP-EU Joint Assembly (since 2001)
 * President of the International Association of French-Speaking Regions (2002–2010)
 * Knight of the Order of Agricultural Merit
 * Knight of the National Order of Merit

title: Thierry Cornillet


text:
Fátima prayers

The Fátima prayers are a collection of seven Catholic prayers associated with the 1917 Marian apparitions at Fátima, Portugal. Of the seven prayers, reportedly, the first two were taught to the three child visionaries by the Angel of Peace in 1916, the next three were taught to them by Our Lady of Fátima herself during the course of the apparitions, and the final two were taught to Lúcia de Jesus Rosa dos Santos (the eldest and last survivor of the three) in 1931 by Jesus Christ when she was already a nun. Of the seven prayers, the rosary decade prayer is the best-known and the most widely recited. For each prayer below, an English translation is given alongside the Portuguese original.

Theological Prayer
In the Spring of 1916, the Angel of Peace taught the three children of Fátima this prayer, making them repeat it three times.

"My God, I believe, adore, hope and love You! I ask pardon of You for those who do not believe, do not adore, do not hope and do not love You." "Meu Deus! Eu creio, adoro, espero e amo-Vos. Peço-Vos perdão para os que não crêem, não adoram, não esperam e não Vos amam."

The Angel then said, "Pray thus. The Hearts of Jesus and Mary are attentive to the voice of your supplications." To believe, adore, hope, and love God is to practice the theological virtues of faith, hope and charity.

Trinitarian Prayer
In August 1916, the Angel appeared again and taught the children this prayer, again making them repeat it three times.

"Most Holy Trinity, Father, Son, Holy Ghost, I adore You profoundly, and I offer You the most precious Body, Blood, Soul and Divinity of Jesus Christ, present in all the tabernacles of the world, in reparation for the outrages, sacrileges and indifference with which He Himself is offended. And, through the infinite merits of His most Sacred Heart, and the Immaculate Heart of Mary, I beg of You the conversion of poor sinners." "Santíssima Trindade, Padre, Filho, Espírito Santo, (adoro-Vos profundamente) e ofereço-Vos o preciosíssimo Corpo, Sangue, Alma e Divindade de Jesus Cristo, presente em todos os Sacrários da terra, em reparação dos ultrajes, sacrilégios e indiferenças com que Ele mesmo é ofendido. E pelos méritos infinitos do Seu Santíssimo Coração e do Coração Imaculado de Maria, peço-Vos a conversão dos pobres pecadores."

Sacrilege against the Eucharist includes receiving Communion while in a state of mortal sin.

Trinitarian Prayer
During the initial apparition on May 13, 1917, Our Lady bathed the children in light, and they were "moved by an interior impulse that was ... communicated to [them]", so they said this prayer.

"O most Holy Trinity, I adore You! My God, my God, I love You in the most Blessed Sacrament!" "Ó Santíssima Trindade, eu Vos adoro. Meu Deus, meu Deus, eu Vos amo no Santíssimo Sacramento."

It is the Trinity, present in the person of Christ, who is in the Eucharist.

Offering Prayer
On June 13, 1917, Our Lady said to the children "Sacrifice yourselves for sinners, and say [this prayer] many times, especially whenever you make some sacrifice[.]"

"O Jesus, it is for love of You, for the conversion of sinners, and in reparation for the sins committed against the Immaculate Heart of Mary." "Ó Jesus, é por Vosso amor, pela conversão dos pecadores e em reparação pelos pecados cometidos contra o Imaculado Coração de Maria."

Rosary Decade Prayer
As the most well-known of the five approved prayers, this is often simply called the "Fátima Prayer". On that same day (June 13, 1917), Our Lady taught the children to say this prayer after each decade (a set of ten Hail Marys) of the Rosary. She also encouraged the children to continue daily recitation of the Rosary.

"O my Jesus, forgive us, save us from the fire of hell. Lead all souls to Heaven, especially those who are most in need." "Ó meu Jesus, perdoai-nos, livrai-nos do fogo do inferno; levai as alminhas todas para o Céu, principalmente aquelas que mais precisarem."

Tuy Chapel
These prayers were reportedly taught privately by Jesus to Sister Lúcia in 1931, when she was a nun in the Galician town of Tuy across the border with Spain. These alleged revelations of Christ have not been approved by the Church, and only the angelic and Marian ones of 1916 and 1917 are approved.

Conversion Prayer
"By thy pure and Immaculate Conception, O Mary, obtain the conversion of Russia, Spain, Portugal, Europe and the whole world!"

Salvation Prayer
"Sweet Heart of Mary, be the salvation of Russia, Spain, Portugal, Europe and the whole world."

title: Fátima prayers


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Schnook

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete (blk-cmp error). – ABCD 23:09, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Schnook
Pure dicdef, I see no potential for growth or redirect. Already been transwikied, so delete--Dmcdevit 01:42, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete dictionary definition that has already been transwikied. Oliver Keenan 09:07, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, dictionary definition. Megan1967 10:56, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Schnook


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Template talk:Congressional Delegation

Centered
This text in this template should be centered. Right now, its really off-balance towards the left. -- tomf688 (talk) 03:43, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

TODO : State Templates
All complete? Add a link here if not complete.

 * Well, some have party affiliations--and some don't.
 * —wwoods 07:07, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Completed State Templates

 * 1) Template:AK-FedRep
 * 2) Template:AL-FedRep
 * 3) Template:AR-FedRep
 * 4) Template:AZ-FedRep
 * 5) Template:CA-FedRep
 * 6) Template:CO-FedRep
 * 7) Template:CT-FedRep
 * 8) Template:DE-FedRep
 * 9) Template:FL-FedRep
 * 10) Template:GA-FedRep
 * 11) Template:HI-FedRep
 * 12) Template:IA-FedRep
 * 13) Template:ID-FedRep
 * 14) Template:IL-FedRep
 * 15) Template:IN-FedRep
 * 16) Template:KS-FedRep
 * 17) Template:KY-FedRep
 * 18) Template:LA-FedRep
 * 19) Template:MA-FedRep
 * 20) Template:MD-FedRep
 * 21) Template:ME-FedRep
 * 22) Template:MI-FedRep
 * 23) Template:MN-FedRep
 * 24) Template:MO-FedRep
 * 25) Template:MS-FedRep
 * 26) Template:MT-FedRep
 * 27) Template:NC-FedRep
 * 28) Template:ND-FedRep
 * 29) Template:NE-FedRep
 * 30) Template:NH-FedRep
 * 31) Template:NJ-FedRep
 * 32) Template:NM-FedRep
 * 33) Template:NV-FedRep
 * 34) Template:NY-FedRep
 * 35) Template:OH-FedRep
 * 36) Template:OK-FedRep
 * 37) Template:OR-FedRep
 * 38) Template:PA-FedRep
 * 39) Template:RI-FedRep
 * 40) Template:SC-FedRep
 * 41) Template:SD-FedRep
 * 42) Template:TN-FedRep
 * 43) Template:TX-FedRep
 * 44) Template:UT-FedRep
 * 45) Template:VA-FedRep
 * 46) Template:VT-FedRep
 * 47) Template:WA-FedRep
 * 48) Template:WI-FedRep
 * 49) Template:WV-FedRep
 * 50) Template:WY-FedRep

template links
I'm going to change the big list of state links to point to U.S._Congressional_Delegations_from_ State instead of Template: State -FedRep, on the basis that whenever Template:XX-FedRep is added to a page, all the Template:XX-FedRep templates are listed as being "used" in the page, when editing it. If it is more important that they link to the Templates directly, revert. -- Vystrix Nexoth 06:28, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * Why have these links at all? I strongly prefer this version of template:CO-FedRep.  IMO the point of this template is to allow navigation among the current members of a state's congressional delegation.  Linking to the complete list of current senators and representatives fits with this idea.  Linking to each state's historical list of congressional delegations does not and linking to templates is (IMO) generally a bad idea. -- Rick Block 18:26, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Creating new article template
I am creating a new template Template:U.S.A. State Congressional Delegation Article. Currently the links for other state congressional delegations in this template links to a redirect page which in turn redirects to state template pages. This is leading to too many recommendations for deletion of pages/ redirects. Till now all these votes have been in favor of keeping the pages rather than deleting them. But to make sure we dont run into this issues in future I will be creating articles for current congressional delegations of each state. --DuKot 16:39, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Done. Now the links to the states are pointing to articles and not templates. --DuKot 20:11, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

T/plates 4 territories and DC done
A few months back, I played around with the Congression Delegation templates and created five for DC and the territories who elect delegates. They were stuck in my Sandbox. Apparently, a Wikipedian has picked up my work and moved them into the template space, which is nice. The templates are:

 * 1) Template:AS-FedRep
 * 2) Template:GU-FedRep
 * 3) Template:PR-FedRep
 * 4) Template:DC-FedRep
 * 5) Template:VI-FedRep

Like the other state templates they include the current delegate and links to the other states. However, the templates don't include Senators, due to the fact these places don't elect them. Instead, a sentence describing their political status is displayed instead. The Northern Mariana Islands isn't included since it doesn't elect a delegate. If the bill gets passed enabling this, I will add it. - Hoshie | 08:34, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

Use of US postal abbreviations
I wonder if it would make sense to use something other than the two-letter US postal abbreviations in this template. Yes, the two-letter codes are nice and compact, but their meaning is not obvious (especially to someone not from the US). The template with the state (and territory) names spelled out doesn't look all that bad:

Comments? –RHolton ≡ – 01:58, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Support. I agree with your point about Postal abbreviations not being clear to non-Americans.  However, I would use  between states to put a little more space between them for easier reading. And instead of "Other current delegations" I'd use "All current delegations". —Markles 22:52, 23 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Support. You make a good point about the postal code not being very useful for a non-US audience.  Formatting suggestion for the list of states/territories -- would columns work?--G1076 05:24, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

Merge
This template should presumably be merged with Congressional delegation. —wwoods 05:41, 18 November 2006 (UTC) ✅ on 22:13, December 29, 2007. —Markles 13:28, 20 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I have made that proposal now. —Markles 15:53, 23 December 2007 (UTC)

Navbar=plain
The parameter "navbar" should be set to "plain".

This is a meta-template (a template used by other templates). That means that the "v d e" links on one of the templates which use this template (for example, NY-FedRep) will bring you to the "v d e" function on this template, not on those templates.—Markles 13:31, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Congressional Delegation


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Penthaz

Penthaz is a municipality in the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

History
Penthaz is first mentioned in 1011 as Penta.

Geography
Penthaz has an area,, of 3.83 km2. Of this area, 2.57 km2 or 67.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.52 km2 or 13.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.67 km2 or 17.5% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.03 km2 or 0.8% is either rivers or lakes and 0.07 km2 or 1.8% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 1.6% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 8.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 5.5%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.3% of the area Out of the forested land, 12.0% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 61.1% is used for growing crops and 5.7% is pastures. Of the water in the municipality, 0.5% is in lakes and 0.3% is in rivers and streams.

The municipality was part of the Cossonay District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Penthaz became part of the new district of Gros-de-Vaud.

The municipality is located on the left bank of the Venoge river.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Azure, a Bend wavy Argent, overall a Column Or.

Demographics
Penthaz has a population of. , 17.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 13.8%. It has changed at a rate of 8% due to migration and at a rate of 5.7% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population speaks French (1,150 or 89.4%), with German being second most common (49 or 3.8%) and Italian being third (32 or 2.5%).

Of the population in the municipality 243 or about 18.9% were born in Penthaz and lived there in 2000. There were 581 or 45.1% who were born in the same canton, while 209 or 16.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 247 or 19.2% were born outside of Switzerland.

In there were 8 live births to Swiss citizens and 2 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 3 deaths of Swiss citizens and 1 non-Swiss citizen death. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 5 while the foreign population increased by 1. There were 8 Swiss men and 12 Swiss women who immigrated back to Switzerland. At the same time, there were 6 non-Swiss men and 7 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 55 and the non-Swiss population increased by 22 people. This represents a population growth rate of 5.6%.

The age distribution,, in Penthaz is; 172 children or 11.6% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 189 teenagers or 12.8% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 168 people or 11.4% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 241 people or 16.3% are between 30 and 39, 239 people or 16.1% are between 40 and 49, and 191 people or 12.9% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 179 people or 12.1% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 65 people or 4.4% are between 70 and 79, there are 30 people or 2.0% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 6 people or 0.4% who are 90 and older.

, there were 516 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 650 married individuals, 47 widows or widowers and 74 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 542 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.3 persons per household. There were 156 households that consist of only one person and 19 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 549 households that answered this question, 28.4% were households made up of just one person. Of the rest of the households, there are 166 married couples without children, 186 married couples with children There were 25 single parents with a child or children. There were 9 households that were made up of unrelated people and 7 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.

there were 210 single family homes (or 72.9% of the total) out of a total of 288 inhabited buildings. There were 57 multi-family buildings (19.8%), along with 14 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (4.9%) and 7 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (2.4%). Of the single family homes 24 were built before 1919, while 21 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (66) were built between 1971 and 1980. The most multi-family homes (13) were built between 1971 and 1980 and the next most (12) were built between 1961 and 1970. There were 3 multi-family houses built between 1996 and 2000.

there were 535 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 175. There were 13 single room apartments and 151 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 506 apartments (94.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 25 apartments (4.7%) were seasonally occupied and 4 apartments (0.7%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 33.6 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.79%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Heritage sites of national significance
The Centre d'archivage of the Swiss Film Archive is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 25.45% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (22.91%), the Green Party (13.93%) and the FDP (11.43%). In the federal election, a total of 352 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 39.7%.

Economy
, Penthaz had an unemployment rate of 4.5%. , there were 13 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 6 businesses involved in this sector. 159 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 22 businesses in this sector. 155 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 29 businesses in this sector. There were 726 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 42.4% of the workforce.

the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 283. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 10, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 147 of which 25 or (17.0%) were in manufacturing and 106 (72.1%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 126. In the tertiary sector; 44 or 34.9% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 2 or 1.6% were in the movement and storage of goods, 5 or 4.0% were in a hotel or restaurant, 3 or 2.4% were in the information industry, 28 or 22.2% were technical professionals or scientists, 12 or 9.5% were in education and 10 or 7.9% were in health care.

, there were 183 workers who commuted into the municipality and 590 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 3.2 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 11.8% used public transportation to get to work, and 72.2% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 406 or 31.5% were Roman Catholic, while 634 or 49.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 11 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.85% of the population), there were 7 individuals (or about 0.54% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 59 individuals (or about 4.58% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Jewish, and 8 (or about 0.62% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 1 individual who belonged to another church. 164 (or about 12.74% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 25 individuals (or about 1.94% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Penthaz about 592 or (46.0%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 158 or (12.3%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 158 who completed tertiary schooling, 57.6% were Swiss men, 24.1% were Swiss women, 12.0% were non-Swiss men and 6.3% were non-Swiss women.

In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 210 students in the Penthaz school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts. During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 296 children of which 96 children (32.4%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 98 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 112 students in those schools.

, there were 80 students in Penthaz who came from another municipality, while 122 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Penthaz is home to the Swiss Film Archive library. The library has 3,338,183 books or other media. It was open a total of 240 days with average of 30 hours per week during that year.

title: Penthaz


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Highbrow

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 05:10, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Highbrow
Pure dicdef, I see no potential for growth or redirect. Already been transwikied, so delete--Dmcdevit 01:45, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, I think there is a lot of room for expansion, discussing the emergence/disapearance of high/low/middlebrown culture in various times/countries examples of each. Keep.--Samuel J. Howard 03:14, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Charles Matthews 10:06, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and allow me to write an article about Highbrow (Transformers) and add a link to that into this.   — J I P | Talk 11:11, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and allow for organic growth. I think there were some famous sociological studies on this subject. Klonimus 06:21, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as there is some potential. --Mrclarke 16:05, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Claire Gibault

Claire Gibault (born 31 October 1945 in Le Mans) is a French conductor and politician and a Member of the European Parliament for the south-east of France. She is a member of the Union for French Democracy, which is part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Culture and Education and its Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality.

She is also a member of the delegation to the EU–Bulgaria Joint Parliamentary Committee and a substitute for the delegation for relations with Japan.

Career

 * Baccalaureate
 * First prize for violin at the Le Mans conservatory of music (1958)
 * Prize for harmony, fugue, counterpoint, aesthetics and the history of music, Paris Higher National Conservatory of Music (CNSM) (1968)
 * First prize for conducting the CNSM orchestra, Paris (1969)
 * Conductor of the Opéra orchestra, Lyon
 * director of vocal training (solo and choral), Opéra of Lyon (1971–1978)
 * Conductor of the Chambéry and Savoy orchestra (1977–1984)
 * Musical director of Musica per Roma (2000–2002)
 * Numerous concerts in Europe and the United States
 * Knight of the National Order of Merit
 * Knight of the Legion of Honour
 * Officer of the Ordre des Palmes académiques

Political career
Since 2004 Claire Gibault has been an MEP, a member of the Committee on Culture and Education and of the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality. She was rapporteur for a draft report on the social status of artists in Europe, approved by a large majority in June 2007.

Claire Gibault tries to defend modern feminism in order to give women the opportunity to have the same chances of success as men. This is what she is committed to within the European Parliament's Women's Rights Committee, on matters concerning women and poverty, the reconciliation of working life and family life or women migrants.

Artistic career
Born in Le Mans, that is where Claire Gibault began her studies. She won first prize for violin and chamber music at the Le Mans Conservatory before going to the Paris Higher National Conservatory of Music where she received first prizes for Orchestra Conducting, Harmony, Fugue and Counterpoint.

From 1976 to 1983 she was music director of the Chamber Orchestra of Chambéry, and from 1983 to 1989 assistant to John Eliot Gardiner, then music director of the Orchestra of the Opéra National de Lyon.

In 1995, she became the first woman to conduct the La Scala orchestra on the occasion of the creation of the opera La Station Thermale by Fabio Vacchi and in 1997 she conducted the musicians of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra with the opera Jacob Lenz by Wolfgang Rihm.

She was in charge of the Lyrical and Choral Workshop of the Opéra de Lyon between 1991 and 1998. There she was responsible for the musical direction of numerous productions, notably Pelléas et Mélisande, Il Barbiere di Siviglia, La Cenerentola, Die Entführung aus dem Serail, La Finta Giardiniera, Roméo et Juliette by Berlioz, L'Orfeo by Monteverdi, Les Brigands by Offenbach, L'Heure espagnole and L'Enfant et les Sortilèges by Ravel, Haydn's Il Mondo della luna, Gluck's Iphigénie en Tauride, The Rape of Lucretia by Britten and Le Chapeau de paille d'Italie by Nina Rota, whilst La Station Thermale (recorded by Ricordi) and Les Oiseaux de Passage by Fabio Vacchi and Dédale by Hugues Dufourt (recorded on CD by MFA/Radio France) are among her world creations.

Between January 2000 and 2002, she was music director of Musica per Roma, where she created the Laboratorio Voci in Musica. Presented there with her conducting were Mozart's Cosi fan tutte and Die Entführung aus dem Serail, Henze's Pollicino, Humperdinck's Hänsel und Gretel and Bernstein's West Side Story.

She has also conducted Pelléas et Mélisande (Covent Garden, London), Le Comte Ory (Glyndebourne Festival), Cosi fan tutte (Opera North), Chabrier's L'étoile (Edinburgh Festival), Zaïde and Der Schauspieldirektor (Bastille), L'Enfant et les Sortilèges (Châtelet), Boîeldieu's La Dame Blanche (Opéra-Comique, Paris), Mitridate, La Donna del lago, Die Zauberflöte, Le Nozze di Figaro and Bastien und Bastienne (Nice), La Clemenza di Tito (Orléans), La Traviata (Nancy), Idomeneo and Cosi fan tutte (Liège), Maria Stuarda (Torino), La Cenerentola (Rome) and Les Oiseaux de passage (Bologna).

She was Claudio Abbado's assistant for Pelléas et Mélisande at the Royal Opera House, La Scala and the Vienna Opera House.

In November 2002, she made her debut at the Washington Opera, conducting Mozart's Idomeneo with Plácido Domingo in the title role.

In February 2003, she conducted a world creation of Fabio Vacchi at the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino and in March 2004 she conducted the Copenhagen Philharmonic for the first time.

In 2005, she adapted into French and conducted Henze's Pollicino at the Châtelet theatre.

During the same season, she conducted concerts with the Orchestra Mozart Bologna and the Sofia Philharmonic Orchestra, and recorded Fabio Vacchi's music for the film Gabrielle by Patrice Chéreau. In 2006, she conducted the New Year concert with the orchestra of the Antwerp Opera, in February the Luxembourg Philharmonic Orchestra, in March the Orchestra Mozart Bologna, in April the Savoie Orchestra, and in May the opera Peter Pan by Patrick Burgan at the Châtelet theatre.

Claire Gibault has conducted concerts all over France and in Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, Canada and the United States. She has been invited by the Halle Orchestra, the Royal Scottish National Orchestra, the RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra, the RAI Sinfonica Nazionale Orchestra, the National Orchestra of Belgium and the Liège Philharmonic Orchestra. She has recorded works by Beethoven and Schubert with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. She has also worked in Denmark with the Copenhagen Philharmonic Orchestra and in Sweden with the Våsterås Sinfonietta.

Today, she is assistant orchestra conductor with Claudio Abbado for the new Orchestra Mozart Bologna.

Decorations
Claire Gibault has received the insignia of Officier of the Palmes académiques and is Chevalier of the Ordre national du mérite and of the Légion d'honneur. On 2 February 2005, she was given an honorary doctorate by the Catholic University of Louvain, along with Wim Wenders and Jorge Semprun.

title: Claire Gibault


text:
Talk:Hippolytus of Athens

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Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 23:29, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Not the true myth
I think that the account that this article gives of Hippolystus' death is not the true myth, but is taken for Euripides' play. I am quite sure that the nurse, the go between of Hippolytus and Phaedra, was an Euripidean invention.

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title: Talk:Hippolytus of Athens


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Psychiere Comics

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 23:28, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Psychiere Comics
it seems like a vanity comic book label, of the creator

 * Delete - Stoph 01:47, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment: This VfD didn't make it to the main page. No vote. Xezbeth  07:24, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * I fixed it now, I think. - Stoph 00:02, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. All three hits are Vfd and Vfd mirrors. Also Delete The Impaler, the only article linking to it--"Damien The Impaler" comic -vlad gets zero hits. Niteowlneils 04:26, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Penthalaz

Penthalaz is a municipality in the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

History
Penthalaz is first mentioned in 1182 as Pentala.

Geography
Penthalaz has an area,, of 3.87 km2. Of this area, 2.16 km2 or 55.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.65 km2 or 16.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.98 km2 or 25.3% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.06 km2 or 1.6% is either rivers or lakes.

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 3.4% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 12.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 7.0%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 2.3%. Out of the forested land, 15.2% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 47.0% is used for growing crops and 7.2% is pastures, while 1.6% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality was part of the Cossonay District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Penthalaz became part of the new district of Gros-de-Vaud.

The municipality is located along the left bank of the Venoge river. It consists of the village of Penthalaz, the working-class neighborhood Sous la Ville, the residential neighborhood Bellevue and the industrial zone Cossonay-Gare.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per pale Azure and Or, overall a Bend wavy Argent, two Mining-wheels counterchanged.

Demographics
Penthalaz has a population of. , 20.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 25.7%. It has changed at a rate of 27.4% due to migration and at a rate of -1.1% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population speaks French (2,000 or 87.6%), with German being second most common (64 or 2.8%) and Portuguese being third (53 or 2.3%). There are 47 people who speak Italian.

Of the population in the municipality 465 or about 20.4% were born in Penthalaz and lived there in 2000. There were 993 or 43.5% who were born in the same canton, while 319 or 14.0% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 445 or 19.5% were born outside of Switzerland.

In there were 22 live births to Swiss citizens and 8 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 17 deaths of Swiss citizens and 2 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 5 while the foreign population increased by 6. There was 1 Swiss man and 1 Swiss woman who immigrated back to Switzerland. At the same time, there were 26 non-Swiss men and 25 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 66 and the non-Swiss population increased by 89 people. This represents a population growth rate of 6.4%.

The age distribution,, in Penthalaz is; 285 children or 10.0% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 312 teenagers or 10.9% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 415 people or 14.5% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 488 people or 17.1% are between 30 and 39, 460 people or 16.1% are between 40 and 49, and 340 people or 11.9% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 269 people or 9.4% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 171 people or 6.0% are between 70 and 79, there are 94 people or 3.3% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 24 people or 0.8% who are 90 and older.

, there were 853 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 1,160 married individuals, 155 widows or widowers and 115 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 979 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.3 persons per household. There were 314 households that consist of only one person and 42 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 994 households that answered this question, 31.6% were households made up of just one person and there were 3 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 292 married couples without children, 314 married couples with children There were 43 single parents with a child or children. There were 13 households that were made up of unrelated people and 15 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.

there were 212 single family homes (or 52.9% of the total) out of a total of 401 inhabited buildings. There were 129 multi-family buildings (32.2%), along with 41 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (10.2%) and 19 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (4.7%). Of the single family homes 13 were built before 1919, while 32 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (47) were built between 1946 and 1960. The most multi-family homes (33) were built between 1946 and 1960 and the next most (32) were built before 1919. There were 2 multi-family houses built between 1996 and 2000.

there were 1,035 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 419. There were 34 single room apartments and 196 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 969 apartments (93.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 51 apartments (4.9%) were seasonally occupied and 15 apartments (1.4%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 35.6 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.67%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 28.91% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (22.11%), the FDP (15.42%) and the Green Party (11.46%). In the federal election, a total of 626 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 40.3%.

Economy
, Penthalaz had an unemployment rate of 6.3%. , there were 16 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 7 businesses involved in this sector. 547 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 29 businesses in this sector. 457 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 64 businesses in this sector. There were 1,169 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 44.1% of the workforce.

the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 887. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 8, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 520 of which 486 or (93.5%) were in manufacturing and 35 (6.7%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 359. In the tertiary sector; 112 or 31.2% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 9 or 2.5% were in the movement and storage of goods, 27 or 7.5% were in a hotel or restaurant, 26 or 7.2% were in the information industry, 4 or 1.1% were the insurance or financial industry, 33 or 9.2% were technical professionals or scientists, 17 or 4.7% were in education and 46 or 12.8% were in health care.

, there were 554 workers who commuted into the municipality and 885 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.6 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 1.6% of the workforce coming into Penthalaz are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 15.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 66.9% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 590 or 25.8% were Roman Catholic, while 1,181 or 51.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 46 members of an Orthodox church (or about 2.01% of the population), and there were 97 individuals (or about 4.25% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were58 (or about 2.54% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 2 individuals who were Buddhist and 8 individuals who belonged to another church. 256 (or about 11.21% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 87 individuals (or about 3.81% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Penthalaz about 915 or (40.1%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 233 or (10.2%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 233 who completed tertiary schooling, 56.2% were Swiss men, 27.0% were Swiss women, 12.0% were non-Swiss men and 4.7% were non-Swiss women.

In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 312 students in the Penthalaz school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts. During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 296 children of which 96 children (32.4%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 156 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 156 students in those schools.

, there were 336 students in Penthalaz who came from another municipality, while 166 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Transportation
The municipality has a railway station, Cossonay-Penthalaz, on the Jura Foot and Simplon lines. It has regular service to Vallorbe, Lausanne, Aigle, and Grandson. In front of the railway station, there is a funicular station connecting the town of Cossonay. The lower funicular station is called Cossonay-Gare, but is in the village of Penthalaz.

title: Penthalaz


text:
Braum's

Braum's Inc. is an American chain of ice cream parlor and fast food restaurants. Based in Oklahoma City, Braum's was founded in 1968 by William Henry "Bill" Braum in Oklahoma City. The company operates over 300 restaurants in 5 states, primarily in the Southern United States, namely the West South Central states of Oklahoma and Texas.

History

In 1957, William Henry "Bill" Braum (1928–2020) purchased his family's ice cream processing business based in Emporia, Kansas, as well as its "Peter Pan" retail ice cream chain; ten years later, the Peter Pan stores were sold, under the condition that the Braum family would not sell ice cream in Kansas for ten years.

Having kept the family dairy herd and ice cream processing business, Braum and his wife Mary started the Braum's chain in 1968 in Oklahoma City, opening 24 stores in Oklahoma during the first year. Braum's brought products from its Emporia headquarters to Oklahoma for the first few years, later opening facilities in Oklahoma and moving the herd there in 1975.

Braum's ran a series of Ernest P. Worrell television commercials in the 1980s.

Stores
In order to maintain the freshness of its products, the company does not open stores outside of a 300-mile (483 km) radius of the home farm in Tuttle, Oklahoma. As of 2017, there are almost 300 stores in operation, with 128 stores in Oklahoma, 99 in Texas, 27 in Kansas and 13 in both Arkansas and Missouri.

Products
The restaurants serve ice cream, frozen yogurt, hamburgers, sandwiches, salads and breakfast items. Stores also include a grocery section called the "Fresh Market" featuring dairy products, baked goods, beverages, frozen entrees, meats and produce.

Braum's is noteworthy for its level of vertical integration. Almost all the food products sold at Braum's are processed or manufactured directly by the company; Braum's owns its own feed mill, dairy herd, dairy processing plant, bakery, stores, and delivery trucks. It also owns eight farms and ranches with a total area of 40000 acre, as well as its flagship dairy farm in Tuttle, Oklahoma. The dairy farm has specified times during which it is open for public tours and is a popular destination for school field trips. Braum's describes itself as the only major ice cream maker to still milk its own cows. They also produce the packaging used for their dairy products.

A2 Milk
Braum's Family Farm is home to the largest A2 milk dairy herd in the United States. A1 and A2 are genetic variants of the beta-casein milk protein. Most cow milk is A1. Non-cow milk, including that of buffalo, camels, donkeys, goats, sheep, yaks and even human mothers are mostly A2, which limits exposure to "cow milk protein allergies, including lactose intolerance". It took over 12 years to build the A2 herd. With the established A2 herd, Braum’s is now producing only A2 milk for sale in its own Braum’s stores.

title: Braum's


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lowbrow.com

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 23:10, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Lowbrow.com
Advertising for a non-notable website. Possibly just vanity for members (as the list of "popular posters" is suspicious). Has had an "explain significance" tag on it since its birth a week ago with no change. delete--Dmcdevit 01:50, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Alexa rank of 394,479. Delete. Meelar (talk) 02:25, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, a mere 33 pages link there too. Mgm|(talk) 08:23, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, advert. Oliver Keenan 09:07, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete spam, webcruft, non-notable. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 14:02, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete spam and advertisement, non notable--Coolcaesar 19:12, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:70.178.48.134

title: User talk:70.178.48.134