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Eleutherian College

Eleutherian College, founded as Eleutherian Institute in 1848, was a school founded by local anti-slavery Baptists at Lancaster in Jefferson County. The institute's name comes from the Greek word eleutheros, meaning "freedom and equality." The school admitted students without regard to ethnicity or gender, including freed and fugitive slaves. Its first classes began offering secondary school instruction on November 27, 1848. The school was renamed Eleutherian College in 1854, when it began offering college-level coursework. It closed in 1874 and its main building was used for a private normal school and then a public high school. It is now home to a non-profit group. The school was the second college in the United States west of the Allegheny Mountains and the first in Indiana to provide education to students of different colors. The restored three-story stone chapel and classroom building was constructed between 1853 and 1856 and presently serves as a local history museum. The school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1997,

In the decade before the American Civil War, African-American students comprised approximately one quarter to one third of the institute's total enrollment, with its peak years between 1855 and 1861. At one time during this period its enrollment reached 150 students; however, attendance soon declined and no black students were enrolled at the school after 1861. During the Civil War the college's grounds were used for military training and its main building were used for meetings and concerts. The college closed in 1874, but the main building was used as a private high school and teachers' training school until 1887, when the Lancaster township trustees purchased the building for use as a public school, which closed in 1938. Historic Madison, a Jefferson County preservation organization, received the school as a gift in 1973 and sold it to its present owners in 1990. The new owners formed Historic Eleutherian College Inc., a non-profit group, in 1996. The main building has been restored to reflect an 1850s-era appearance.

History
Reverend Thomas Craven, a visiting Baptist minister who studied at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, is credited with proposing the idea for the school. He was also an abolitionist and an early advocate of an integrated educational system. Following his advice, several members of Neil's Creek Abolitionist Baptist Church established the Eleutherian Institute, its initial name, at Lancaster, Indiana, in 1848. Much of the initial organizing done by the extended Hoyt-Whipple family.

From the 1830s to the 1860s the unincorporated community of Lancaster, about 10 mi northwest of Madison in Jefferson County, Indiana, was known for its anti-slavery sentiment. Some members of the local community established the Neil's Creek Anti-Slavery Society in 1839 and the Neil's Creek Abolitionist Baptist Church in 1846. Neil's Creek was located about 3 mi west of Lancaster, a major stop for fugitive slaves along the Underground Railroad route as they traveled north from Madison on the Ohio River to Indianapolis, Indiana. Several abolitionist families in the area, including some members of the school's board of trustees, were active participants in the Underground Railroad. The community's abolitionist church and anti-slavery sentiments also made Lancaster a good place to establish an integrated school.

Eleutherian Institute admitted students without regard to ethnicity or gender, including freed and fugitive slaves. The institute's name comes from the Greek word eleutheros, meaning "freedom and equality". Its first classes began offering secondary school instruction on November 27, 1848, with fifteen students gathering in an old meetinghouse near Lancaster.

Reverend John G. Craven, the son of Reverend Thomas Craven, served as the school's first teacher. John C. Thompson, Thomas Craven's son-in-law, served as a teacher for the first year, but he returned to Ohio when the school was unable to financially support two teachers. Reverend John Craven was principal of the school until 1861, then moved to Minnesota. James and Lucy Nelson maintained the school's dormitory in the days before the American Civil War.

Reverend Thomas Craven donated the land for the school's campus at Lancaster, where two new building were erected atop College Hill in the 1850s, a dormitory, circa 1854, and the stone chapel and classroom building, which was constructed between 1854 and 1856. A log cabin on the property once served as John Craven's home, but no longer exists. In addition to donating land, Reverend Thomas Craven also solicited funds to support the school and recruited students to increase its enrollment.

The institute was renamed Eleutherian College in 1854, when it began offering college-level coursework, making it the second college in the United States west of the Allegheny Mountains (Oberlin College was first) and the first in Indiana to provide interracial education. In the decade prior to the Civil War, African-American students comprised approximately one quarter to one third of its total enrollment, although enrollment of black students was never large. Some of its African-American students came from as far south as New Orleans, Louisiana, and Jackson, Mississippi, but most of them came from Kentucky. The school's peak years were 1855 to 1861. At one time during this period its enrollment reached 150 students. Some sources indicate that by 1860 the college enrolled 200 students, including 50 African Americans, some of whom had come from the Deep South despite fugitive slave laws and an amendment to the state constitution prohibited African-American migration into the state. Overall enrollment declined to 112 students in 1857—58 and dropped to 109 students in 1859, including 18 African-American students, 10 of whom were born into slavery. In 1860, two hundred students were enrolled, 50 of them African-American. No black students were enrolled at the school after 1861.

During the Civil War, some of the school's former students who enlisted in the 6th Indiana Infantry Regiment participated in the military training held on the Eleutherian College's grounds. In addition, the college's buildings were used for meetings and concerts during the war.

After John Craven left the school in 1861, William Brand served as its principal until 1866, followed by several successors. The college closed in 1874; however, John Craven returned to the school in 1878 to help revive it as a private high school and teachers' training school. Craven stayed at the school until 1887. Lancaster township trustees purchased the main classroom and chapel building in 1888 for use as a public school. It finally closed in 1938, after the township schools were consolidated, and the building was eventually abandoned. Subsequent owners were unsuccessful in efforts to have the Indiana Department of Conservation convert the property to a state park.

Preservation and restoration
Restoration of the college's main building began in the 1960s. Historic Madison, a Jefferson County preservation organization, received the school as a gift in 1973, but sold it in 1990. The new owners formed Historic Eleutherian College Incorporated, a non-profit organization, in 1996. The chapel and classroom building has been restored to "an 1850s-era appearance." Historic Eleutherian College operates the building as a local history museum.

Description
Reverend Thomas Craven donated the land for the school, which eventually included two new buildings erected on the College Hill property in the 1850s. The main building housed a chapel and classrooms; a second building served as a dormitory. Both buildings were constructed of rough-cut limestone from nearby quarries. The two-story dormitory, circa 1854, had fifteen rooms. The three-story main building, completed in 1856, included a chapel and seven more rooms. The main building measures 65 ft by 42 ft. Its classroom spaces were capable of accommodating 200 to 300 students. The dormitory/boardinghouse located near the main school building measures 55 ft by 33 ft.

Exterior
The main building was constructed between 1854 and 1856 in the Greek Revival style. The three-story building has a rectangular plan that includes a square bell tower (belfry) centered above a gable-fronted main entrance. The gable roof includes a triangular-shaped wood pediment above the third-floor windows. The building's windowsills, lintels, and corner quoins are finished limestone, which contrasts to the rough-hewn stone walls. The north (front) facade of the building has three bays wide with two wooden doors flanking a single, ground-floor window. East and west facades are identical, with four double-height windows below four more on the third level. The south (rear) facade has two windows at the third-floor level.

Interior
The main building has a small entryway leading to a two-story chapel that runs the length of the building. The chapel includes double-height windows and a balcony, which crosses the north side of the room. The chapel ceiling is covered in wood panels. Stairs at each end of the entry hall lead to the upper floors. The second story includes two classrooms above the entryway and five additional rooms on the third floor. Stairs in one of the third-floor rooms leads to an unfinished attic. A ladder in the attic leads to the belfry tower. The cast bell was manufactured by J.A. Kelley of Franklin Brass Bell Factory, Madison, Indiana.

Recognition
The restored main building (classroom and chapel), now a public museum, was listed on the National Register in 1993 and declared a National Historic Landmark on February 18, 1997. The National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, also lists the building as a Network to Freedom Site. In 2004 the Indiana Historical Bureau installed a state historical marker at the college to honor its role as one of the earliest educational institutions in the state to enroll students of all ethnicities and genders.

Notable alumni
Among the school's most notable African-American students was Moses Broyles, who became pastor of the Second Baptist Church in Indianapolis and an organizer of the Indiana Association of Black Baptists Churches in 1858. Broyles was a slave from Kentucky who purchased his freedom as an adult.

Notable female students included Sarah B. Hoyt, who also studied at Oberlin College. She became a teacher and later served as a high school principal at Newport, Kentucky. Rebecca J. Thompson, who completed studies at the Young Ladies Institute, which later became Shepardson College in Granville, Ohio, was chair of the mathematics department at Franklin College (Indiana) for thirty-eight years. She retired from Franklin College in 1910.

title: Eleutherian College


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of similarities between Canada and New Zealand

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was No Consensus --  Earl Andrew - talk 04:39, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

List of similarities between Canada and New Zealand
A well-written article on a completely unencyclopedic topic, which also sets a terrible precedent which could in the extreme lead to the creation of 40,000-odd possible "List of similarities between (a country) and (another country)" articles. Many contributors to the article have already expressed a feeling that it's unencyclopedic and/or rather pointless, as its Talk page shows. Delete. - Mustafaa 00:50, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - well meaning but impossible list. A better approach would be to make lists of countries sharing X prominent feature (e.g List of Commonwealth Members by name, List of countries with resource-based economies, List of English-speaking countries. -- 8^D gab 01:23, 2005 Apr 23 (UTC)
 * Delete. Pointless original research. If this sets a precedent, we can expect List of similarities between Bhutan and Equatorial Guinea to show up any day now.   [  +t,  +c  ] 01:37, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Original research! ---Isaac R 01:41, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep A useful comparison of settler-colonial societies. If kept, I'd like see it become part of a series. However, it might need to be renamed, especially given it is not actually a 'list'. Also, the article needs an overhaul to make it more of an encyclopædic entry - at present, it is more trivia.--Cyberjunkie 01:53, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete--original research and not an encyclopedic topic. Meelar (talk) 02:28, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep A fun article, like Heavy metal umlaut Samboy 02:30, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unencyclopeic original research--nixie 02:31, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, mostly speculation; particularly when it starts talking about the relative conservatism of various countries, also quite inaccurate. Slac speak up!  04:13, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Original research. android↔talk 04:35, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep; rename and touch up necessary. Very much like Canadian and American politics compared and Politics of Australia and Canada compared, both of which are definitely keepers; we just need a naming convention... Samaritan 04:36, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep --Spinboy 04:37, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep The article is very informative. This article is important, because both nations share a similar history. An article on the similarities between Canada and Nepal would not warrant an article for the same reason. Well written informative articles should be kept. -- [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] Earl Andrew - talk 04:37, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Similarities and differences between socialist countires are always interesting. Klonimus 05:08, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Extremely Weak Keep ...what next, a comparison between Mars and the moon? Even though I'm a half-Canadian New Zealander, I'm not defending this article! While this is a VERY interesting article, sure, you could compare any two countries and see huge similarities/differences. So I guess deletion is the best way... but I'm not sure... Master Thief Garrett 05:14, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. Very useful, informative and interesting. The "this sets a precedent" claim is a furphy. --Centauri 05:50, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * But if someone was inspired to add, say, Pitsburgh vs. Ontario, we'd have to have to have another such heartfelt "ethical" debate. Master Thief Garrett 05:51, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * No, becuase Pittsburgh is a city and Ontario is a province. We are speaking of two countries, and not just any two countries, but two primarily english speaking former british colonies. -- [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] Earl Andrew - talk 06:06, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Those were two names off the top of my head, and yes I see they don't line up(!) but my point still stands. Anyone with pride in their country/city and admiration for another country/city could *potentially* choose to come here and compare the two. Or maybe not. Master Thief Garrett 06:12, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Out of all the countries in the world, I would say New Zeland is in the top 5 most similar countries to Canada. -- [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] Earl Andrew - talk 06:20, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * nonono, you misunderstand me. Try to forget about Canada for a minute, comparing (whatevercountry1) with (verysimilarcountry2) is not necessarily the goal of Wikipedia, and may inspire and spawn for other, weaker, 1&2 comparison articles. Master Thief Garrett 06:48, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * That is not the point of this VFD vote. This vote is about this specific article, not about any others. Yes, it will create a precedent, but they can live or die by their merits as well as precendents. Burgundavia 00:58, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete as per   --Angr/comhrá 06:18, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Interesting and useful. May not be the sort of thing you'd find in Encyclopedia Britannica, but this ain't Encyclopedia Britannica; this is the sort of article which makes Wikipedia what it is. As to Master Thief Garrett's comments, Canada and New Zealand are two places that are very frequently compared, and as such this article makes a lot more sense that an article about places that aren't (such as Ontario and Pittsburgh).  Grutness|hello? [[Image:Grutness.jpg|25px|]] 06:36, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * okayyyy... what about Australia and New Zealand? And Canada and the US? And NZ and the UK? And so on. If we have one, people will think they ought to write about others as well. In that sense it may well be a precedent... Now while Aus/NZ, US/Can, NZ/UK could potentially lead to VERY interesting articles, it is the load of other weaker comparisons that will follow that are best avoided... right? Well, maybe not, but that's why it's up for debate here. Master Thief Garrett 06:48, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * NZ is far more often compared to Canada than to Australia by people living in or visiting New Zealand. Grutness|hello? [[Image:Grutness.jpg|25px|]] 07:09, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Original research. No credible thrid party references. Zzyzx11 | Talk 07:04, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Totally unenthusastic keep, only because I don't know where to draw the line...obviously comparing the U.S. and Canada is a valid topic, and obviously comparing Bhutan and Equatorial Guinea wouldn't be. This one seems to fall in a kind of gray area. They are far apart, but have a high degree of cultural similarity. I wouldn't shed a tear if it's deleted, though. Everyking 07:27, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Feels like original research. --Carnildo 08:13, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I'm a little reluctant, because it's not uninteresting, but it's just not an encyclopædia article (and the original research aspect rules it out still further for Wikipedia).  If it's kept, I'd like to start List of similarities between Ireland and Cyprus, List of similarities between India and Israel, and List of similarities between Wales and France (I have reasons for all of these). Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 08:44, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * You make a good point. While all those ones you've listed, and more, would be quite fascinating to read, they would have the *possibility* of reeking of POV. And at what point does Wikipedia end and 1001WorldwideSimilaritiesYouDidntKnow.com begin? Master Thief Garrett 09:08, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * KEEP Thoughtful donation of time and effort must be respected. If there were 40,000 articles of comparisons of this quality I would not have a problem. Lotsofissues 10:37, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP as per Cyberjunkie and Samaritan--PolkaDot 11:01, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Only other edit is to their User page. Niteowlneils 17:20, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep, quality articles should not be deleted just to prevent the creation of other articles. Kappa 11:16, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, Well I wrote a paragraph about relations and was thinking about adding something on genetic ties and families. Vanman2010
 * Author of unwikified Commonwealth Federation, which gets less than 1k hits when filtering out unrelated combinations of the words. Niteowlneils 17:20, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep as per Earl Andrew. —Markaci 2005-04-23 T 14:58 Z
 * Keep and add the references. Deleters have nothing to say but original research? It isn't. Meggar 16:27, 2005 Apr 23 (UTC)
 * Keep as per Samaritan and Earl Andrew. —UTSRelativity 16:57, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Original research, transient, subjective, and inherently POV. Doesn't even seem to be accurate--claims NZ is a 'resource' based economy, yet according to the CIA Worldfactbook, 67.8% of the NZ economy is 'services' and only 4.8% agriculture. Canada about the same: 68.6% and 2.2%. Niteowlneils 17:20, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * What's next List of similarities between George W. Bush and Saddam Hussein (ideologues, environmentally unfriendly, etc.)? List of similarities between Seattle and Chicago (largest cities of their states, but not the state capitol, major port cities, cities with rail mass transit, etc.)? Take any two subjects and if you try hard enuf you can find similarities. Niteowlneils 17:37, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Service industries dominate domestically, as they do in most Western-nations. Notice though, that resources are the largest export by proportion and also that they gross they most. It is the same for Australia, while a griculture consitute only 3 per cent of the economy it is, after resources, the highest grossing export sector.

 * Comment - I was in both countries and except for same past, there are not too many similarities, probably they are found only by New Zealanders for some reason (e.g. the reason of comparing themselves to way larger country). Most of listed similarities are generic, e.g. the one about highest tower in continent, and similar ones on different feats would apply to other country pairs (e.g. Brazil and Egypt would share similarity of having mouths of longest river in their continent). Cultural comparement between French and Maori is also very broad, cause Maori are indigenous locals and French are other colonists, Maoris are all over New Zealand while French are more concentrated, Maori language is rarely used in writting and such while French is used in Quebec and such. In other words, such similarities as noted here, could be found between any two given countries, even Bhutan and Equatorial Guinea probably, except for the fact of being colony of same state and same language being used as (one of) officials. Maybe it would be better to create page like Comparement of former British colonies or Comparement of former British "white" colonies instead. And, continuing to show similarity between Brazil and Egypt, I will also say that in both countries people mostly lives along the coast or along the major rivers, interior of both countries is sparcely inhabitted except along rivers, both countries makes up the most speakers in the world of their official languages (most Portuguese speakers in Brazil and most Arabic speakers in Egypt), both countries has largest cities of those language speakers also (Cairo and Sao Paulo) and so on... And if I'd be making an article, I'd think of way more comparements not any worse than those in this article; the only real, not generic comparement is one about common past and language DeirYassin 18:31, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It seems to me, that Canada is a country many New Zelanders like to compare themselves with. A lot of this article is just rehashed information I have received from talking to New Zealanders in the past. This is why I believe this is not original research. -- [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] Earl Andrew - talk 23:05, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, POV original research. Gazpacho 19:35, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, POV, original research. RickK 22:08, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, POV, original research and very unencyclopedic. And by the way, the charge of original research is valid. No original research discusses this in full. I never have figured out why Wikipedians often treat original research and notability as "people just being picky" when articles are proposed for deletions. They are valid delete reasons for an encyclopedia like Wikipedia. Encyclopedias are not supposed to have original research...period. --Woohookitty 23:28, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Many Wikipedians seem to sympathise when an article is clearly someone's labour of love... but just because they worked hard on it does not grant it the right to be on WP. And, yes, original research is a no-no. Not even famous published professors are entitled to add their own original research here, but must wait until others read their papers/books and write about it in their stead. No original research covers it in no uncertain terms! Clear enough I think. Master Thief Garrett 00:05, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I believe that this is not original research, and that it is reporting on general knowledge of the New Zealand public. If the author of the article can admit that this is original research, than by all means delete this. It is in my opinion however that it is not. -- [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] Earl Andrew - talk 02:08, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * As per Earl Andrew's comment above, I wish to point out that just because certain information was not well-documented in written materials does not mean that it does not exist. I do not believe the act of committing such information to text qualifies as original research. If the subject matter is inherently non-neutral then make the article one about the group with the POV or merge with a suitable article. [[Image:Ca-on-sb.gif|20px|Flag of Scarborough, ON, Canada]] UTSRelativity (Talk) 03:12, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Sure, the facts are all common knowledge. But "original research" doesn't have to be based on newly-discovered facts. It's what you do with the facts that matters. For example, the article points out hockey is popular in Canada, and rugby is popular in New Zealand. Nothing new or exciting there. But then he goes on to point out that both sports are contact sports notable for their aggressive play and violent byplay. That is an original insight -- and thus out of place in an encyclopedia article. ---Isaac R 03:22, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * How do you know that the user originated that particular theory? The jury is still out on that one, and it is my humble opinion that the author did not just make that one up. -- [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] Earl Andrew - talk 03:31, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * How do you know he didn't? There are no sources cited for this particular item. (In fact, there are practically no sources at all.) android↔talk 03:38, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Just because an article dosnt contribute much, it still contributes. The information conatined here is not fictional so why get rid of it? It serves to illustrate some pretty nift similarities and if anything I've learnt a few things or two myself about New Zealand. Wikipedia is supposed to be a massive collaboration of information, just because it focuses on a very dedicated subjuct does not mean it should be deleted. Keep this article. -- diskadia 21:32 GMT april 23 2005
 * People keep responding to unencylopedic as if it were a putdown. It just means that the material isn't appropriate for a reference book. That includes all original research, no matter how good it is. In fact, the better it is, the less encyclopedic it is. If it were 1684, and I were writing an encyclopedia, and some dude named Isaac Newton (no relation to me) were to bang on my door and say, "I know how gravity works! Any two bodies attract proportionally to their mass and inversely to their distance! Let me prove it to you..." I'd cut him off, and tell him to go publish elsewhere. It wouldn't matter how convincing he was. Encylopedias don't decide what's smart and stupid, they just catalog the facts that are widely accepted. ---Isaac R 03:34, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * From my understanding (from reading original research), as long as Mr. Newton does not write the article, you are safe, as you are reporting on someone elses work. -- [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] Earl Andrew - talk 03:39, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Yes I think you could quote him, but it wouldn't be verifiable unless he published it somewhere instead of telling face-to-face. Kappa 04:12, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * No, it's ok if you're just reading Sir Isaac's mail. (Though I understand he didn't like people to do that.) But then the best you can say is, "Sir Isaac's new theory of gravitation asserts that..." You can't throw out the Law of Gravitation as accepted fact until it is, well, accepted. ---Isaac R 04:53, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I was aware of many of these similarities before finding this article, and it was great to see them put together. It is encyclopedic, and is broader than the 'original reserch' criteria which some folks above are claiming. Good stuff. Radagast 04:38, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, POV, original research. Megan1967 06:23, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * A comment re original research: A few years ago, I read a serious source – I believe it was a transcript of a New Zealander's speech to an academic or political function – discussing just these things. Samaritan 14:07, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unencyclopedic.  It would be possible to create such an article comapring practically everything on the planet to each other.  This is just a random set of facts about two places juxtaposed.  If I were a new user and this were one of the first articles I saw on the site, I would have serious doubts about the project. Indrian 19:15, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Serious doubts? Heck yes, that's exactly what I was thinking about this place back in around 2002/2003 when I first visited, and I never visited again 'til now... certainly poor articles are not necessarily a representation of the whole, but the goal is to have each and every page aspire to be the most perfect article ever, and I don't know that this fulfills that. As I said before, at what point does Wikipedia end and 1001WorldwideSimilaritiesYouDidntKnow.com begin? Master Thief Garrett 23:17, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Now hold on a minute, what's wrong with having page articles that compare several things together? The information contained in such articles are non-fictional, and can be made to sound very encyclopedic. Here we have a perfectly good article, that can be improved further, because you don't want pages that compare things to each other? I suggest keeping this and improving it. - Diskadia 01:30, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not encyclopedic.  What about all the many differences between the two countries: Canada is one of the largest countries by area in the world; New Zealand is among the smaller nations.  New Zealand is an island many hundreds of miles from its cited "neighbour" Australia; Canada shares an enormous border with its cited neighbor, the USA.  And on and on.  None of these differences are given and you could, in fact, create an article about the similarities between any two countries in the world ("Coca-Cola is sold in both Nigeria and Sweden") while ignoring all the differences and, like this article, it'd be non-enyclopedic and inherently POV.  Moncrief 02:13, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * This is a well written article that shares many tidbits of information. There are numerous other pages like this, to remove this would mean you would have to remove all the other well written similarity pages. You want to junk this because it focuses on a subject that would otherwise not be covered by an encyclopedia? This is wikipedia, not encarta. Articles like this should be welcomed here! - Diskadia 06:32, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per apples and oranges. Radiant_* 10:46, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * If this article survives the VfD, I think I'll write a List of similarities between apples and oranges just to demonstrate what a horrible precendent has been set. "Apples and oranges have both been bred for mass marketing purposes..." ---Isaac R 16:56, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Now that would be original research. Thanks for letting me know, I'll be the first to put that on VfD. -- [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] Earl Andrew - talk 18:15, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Forgive me for quoting you back at yourself, but how would you know that my statements were original? ---Isaac R 22:20, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Because unlike this topic, people have not compared apples and oranges other than to use the analogy to illustrate how things are unrelated. -- [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] Earl Andrew - talk 23:09, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * That you know of. If I can't make assumptions about where this guy got his comparisons about two countries, you can't make assumption about where I got my comparisons about two fruit. Cliché notwithstanding, there are bound to be dozens of observations people have made on the subject.---Isaac R 23:28, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * WP:POINT, and I thank you for your contribution to Bad Jokes and Other Deleted Nonsense. — [[Image:Ca-on-sb.gif|20px|Flag of Scarborough, ON, Canada]] UTSRelativity (Talk)  22:11, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry you consider my comment disruptive -- but I don't think that's a fair label. It's a straightforward Reductio ad absurdum argument. ---Isaac R 22:20, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I didn't find your comment disruptive. I was merely stating that following through with your "suggested action plan" might be considered disruptive.  I did not even think that you would really go through with it.  I found the placement of your comment under a "apples, oranges" vote to be funny; that is all. —  [[Image:Ca-on-sb.gif|20px|Flag of Scarborough, ON, Canada]] UTSRelativity (Talk)  22:59, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, shouldn't be so touchy ---Isaac R 23:28, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Interesting and encyclopedic comparison. ElBenevolente 16:13, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Not encyclopedic. 80.203.115.12 00:18, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Please discount above "delete" vote by anon. — [[Image:Ca-on-sb.gif|20px|Flag of Scarborough, ON, Canada]] UTSRelativity (Talk)  23:30, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It's not VfD policy to automatically discount anonymous votes: Anyone can contribute to the discussion and vote, anonymous users as well as pseudonymous users. Normally, I'd agree with you, but that anon has quite a few edits to its name... err, IP address. android↔talk 00:02, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, quite a few. — [[Image:Ca-on-sb.gif|20px|Flag of Scarborough, ON, Canada]] UTSRelativity (Talk)  02:00, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * keep it because its unusual and encyclopedic too Yuckfoo 00:48, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Very interesting and it does seem encyclopedic -CunningLinguist 03:09, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. There is an infinite number of things that can be compared, and there are always similarities between countries. --Kelby 03:24, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. While the countries have things in common, there are also discrepancies. Besides, it isn't really a list. Capitalistroadster 03:52, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * DeleteHaving lived in both countries I can attest to accuracy of the article. However the examples of similarity quoted are all very trivial and do not make a convincing case.   ping 07:23, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Delete Is original research. If any admin disagrees wtih me, discredit this vote Frenchman113 16:11, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Now write me an article on the similaries between US nad Canada. SYSS Mouse 18:15, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * DELETE As per apples and oranges reference. If we kept these types of articles up, we would inter-slice everything from how hockey and football are the same/different to how Lord of the Rings and Harry Potter are same/different. There are other websites for this stuff, this is just opinionated, non-factual, and ever-changing stuff that is impossible to keep up, moderate, or verify. JHMM13 01:14, Apr 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Claims that this article sets a precedent for any manner of a comparison are nonsense. Comparisons between any two countries require a justifiable basis to warrant inclusion. This article is justifiable, albeit in dire need of (referenced) academic discussion. Settler-colonial societies are often compared in historical and political contexts. Australia, New Zealand, the U.S., Canada, Latin America and even Israel are contrasted with one another in treatise on societal development. I recommend that the article be kept, renamed to "Canada and New Zealand compared" or refocussed to "Politics of Canada and New Zealand compared", and expanded with references to the many available sources.--Cyberjunkie 07:54, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. The comparison between two countries should not be considered encyclopedic if they are chosen by chance (otherwise for very related countries). However, I would support e.g. the article "Political and economic relations between Canada and New Zealand." --Eleassar777 22:04, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, extrapolation. silsor 00:35, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Might be interesting, might be informative, but it's not encyclopedic. CryptoDerk 00:36, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is interesting, useful, quite well-written, and original research. JRM · Talk 00:36, 2005 Apr 29 (UTC)
 * Keep there is enough interesting information on this page to be useful. Burgundavia 00:37, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The external links establish the fact there is a dialog (maybe tenuous) about the "similarities between Canada and New Zealand." I doubt this is the best possible treatment of the subject, but it seems like an edge case to me, and in principle I'd prefer to keep those. Demi T/C 00:46, 2005 Apr 29 (UTC)
 * ”'Delete”'. What is next List of similarities between Abraham Lincoln's and JFK's assasinations. Evil Monkey∴Hello 00:47, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * You'd be surprised at the similarities between the two assasinations. For one Lincon was killed in the Kennedy theatre, and Kennedy was killed in a Lincon car, or was that the point you were trying to make? - Diskadia 07:42, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * No I assume his point is that you can find comparisons between almost anything. To add to what you gave, don't forget that JFK's killer apparently ran from a warehouse (well, a storeroom, same thing) to a theatre, and Booth ran from a theatre to a warehouse. See, it works! There's a great article right there! POV, speculation, and probably of debatable accuracy since it's based on chain-email hearsay, but that is a similar thing to this one. Master Thief Garrett 10:29, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * "See, it works! There's a great article right there!" There sure is. Lincoln-Kennedy coincidences. JRM · Talk 10:47, 2005 Apr 29 (UTC)
 * There's an important difference: The Kennedy-Lincoln list has been around for 40+ years, and is an important bit of folklore. There pretty much has to be an article on it, though perhaps the article shouldn't repeat the entire list. The Canada-New Zealand list has never appeared anywhere except Wikipedia. ---Isaac R 04:21, 1 May 2005 (UTC)
 * ”'Delete”'. Don't discuss it, DELETE it! This is an encyclopedia only - isn't it? RossNixon 10:59, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * If, as has been stated below, this discussion is still open, then I vote to delete. This might be an interesting exercise but it's not an encyclopedic one. — Trilobite (Talk) 02:23, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

*Voting is now closed. There was no consensus, this article will be kept. -- Earl Andrew - talk 20:57, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Incorrect statement struck out. Discussion is still open.  --Carnildo 00:55, 1 May 2005 (UTC)
 * How so? It has been on VfD for one week, and that's the longest a vote can last. -- [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] Earl Andrew - talk 01:51, 1 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Nyet. Ambi 04:09, 1 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I apologize if I am unfamiliar with the term "Nyet" but I don't think it's a very good response to my question. Since no one has answered my question, I shall reclose the debate.
 * Delete. POV, original research. Ambi 04:09, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: User talk:68.226.132.192

title: User talk:68.226.132.192


text:
Circle Studio

Circle Studio was a video game developer located in Derby, United Kingdom.

The company was formed and staffed in October 2003 by a group of former employees at Core Design, a studio owned by Eidos Interactive. The founders of the new company, brothers Jeremy Heath-Smith and Adrian Smith, had a managerial role in the Tomb Raider series, which was Core Design's best known creation.

In 2005, Circle Studio finished working on a title called Without Warning, a third-person shooter for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. It was published by Capcom. The game was generally poorly received, and after releasing it, Circle Studio transitioned to developing and publishing licensed DVD games, with distribution handled by Pinnacle Vision.

Despite having secured a 7 figure investment from the Royal Bank of Scotland in May 2006 the company was liquidated in February 2007.

Video games

 * Without Warning (2005)

DVD Games

 * 2006 FIFA World Cup Trivia Challenge
 * Blockbusters
 * British Hit Singles and Albums
 * Discovery Kids: Killers of the Wild
 * Discovery Kids: Myths and Monsters
 * Eurosport Total Sports Quiz
 * NBA Challenge
 * Madagascar: Animal Trivia DVD Game
 * Now That's What I Call A Music Quiz
 * The Price is Right
 * Shrek: Totally Tangled Tales

title: Circle Studio


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Juan el Español

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 21:27, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

Juan el Español
Delete: Google returns a whopping 21 hits, half of which are definitely not a match for this Uncle Sam of Spain. For comparison, "Uncle Sam" returns 1.75 million. This just isn't notable. --Durin 00:54, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete/Merge, maybe put him as a Trivia note under Uncle Sam? Master Thief Garrett 05:15, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Ask a Spaniard. Pavel Vozenilek 09:46, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * but we'd not only need a Spaniard but also one who knows their own pop culture. So really you can't trust a single person. Or was your comment intended to be humourous? If so then I missed the joke, sorry. Master Thief Garrett 09:49, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, I'm inclined to agree on the notability and verifiability issue of this. Megan1967 06:24, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Mother Germania? Sorry. JHMM13 01:25, Apr 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * This seems to be real. See this rather scholarly article about the German Michel (I'm directing to the cache because the version up now has been oddly abbreviated), where "Juan el Español" is mentioned briefly at the end.  I can't seem to find any more information, though.--Pharos 08:19, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
WOFL

WOFL (channel 35) is a television station in Orlando, Florida, United States, serving as the market's Fox network outlet. It is owned and operated by the network's Fox Television Stations division alongside MyNetworkTV station WRBW (channel 65). The two stations share studios on Skyline Drive in Lake Mary; WOFL's transmitter is located in unincorporated Bithlo, Florida.

WOGX (channel 51) in Ocala operates as a semi-satellite of WOFL, serving the Gainesville television market. As such, it clears all network programming as provided through its parent and simulcasts WOFL's newscasts, but airs a separate offering of syndicated programming; there are also separate local commercial inserts and legal station identifications. Although WOGX maintains an advertising sales office on Northwest 53rd Avenue in Gainesville, master control and most internal operations are based at WOFL's studios.

As WSWB (1974–1978)
Channel 35 in Orlando first began broadcasting March 31, 1974, as WSWB, Central Florida's first independent station. Owned by Sun World Broadcasting, WSWB produced children's programming (Uncle Hubie's Penthouse Barnyard), and aired reruns of such shows as Batman, Bugs Bunny, Popeye, Green Acres, Mister Ed, Lost in Space and Star Trek. Its sign-on was 19 months late, delayed by shortages affecting the construction of its studios and excavation necessary to erect its tower at Bithlo, which briefly was the tallest structure in Florida.

The 1970s recession impacted the station's operations, and Sun World encountered financial difficulties. Within months, Sun World was searching for a buyer. In June 1975, they appeared to have found it when they entered into an agreement with Martin International Corp. The deal was filed with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) that December, but Sun World's troubles continued to worsen. In January 1976, the studio building, tower and land were auctioned as part of foreclosure proceedings.

A running dispute with RCA over payment for leased equipment ended with the company obtaining a court order to seize the assets on September 29, 1976. The following afternoon, U.S. Marshals entered the station and shut it down at 2:39 pm, in the middle of an airing of The Mickey Mouse Club, beginning to remove RCA's property. Negotiations began to try to restore operations, with a myriad of involved parties, including RCA; creditor Continental Credit Corporation, which had earlier obtained an order to seize office equipment to meet its debt; Sun World; and Ted Turner, owner of the Atlanta Braves and television stations in Atlanta and Charlotte, who had paid $250,000 for the 47 acre transmitter site.

Turner sought the appointment of a receiver to manage WSWB's affairs. Judge Frederick Pfeiffer agreed and named Edwin Starr as receiver in November. However, Pfeiffer then in April 1977 turned down Starr's recommendation to sell the license to Turner and opted for the bid backed by shareholders, of a five-investor consortium known as the Omega group. An attempt by Turner to overturn the ruling was rebuffed. In the meantime, the former WSWB studios were sold to public television station WMFE-TV (channel 24).

RCA's $2 million judgment and equipment was acquired by another new party to the proceeding: the Christian Broadcasting Network. CBN would play a further role in delaying the return to air of channel 35 after the Omega license transfer was filed at the FCC in September 1978. Omega prevailed at the FCC and in Florida courts over objections by Turner and CBN.

As WOFL (1979–present)
Omega immediately set out to return the station to air. It bought the former Orange State Bank building on South Orange Blossom Trail, renovating it into new studios. Under the new call sign WOFL, channel 35 returned to the air on October 15, 1979.

Meredith Corporation, which had been a stakeholder in Omega, exercised its option to buy out Omega in 1982. In 1986, the station moved to its current facility in Lake Mary—a major change from the Orange Blossom Trail site. As the 1980s progressed, WOFL acquired more recent sitcoms, cartoons and movies.

WOFL became one of the Fox Broadcasting Company's charter affiliates at the network's inception on October 9, 1986. However, it still essentially programmed itself as an independent in the network's first few years because, until April 1987, Fox carried only one program (The Late Show Starring Joan Rivers). The station was frequently ranked as one of the country's leading Fox affiliates during the network's early years, achieving a number one ranking on several occasions through the early 1990s. It was also the most profitable station in Meredith's station group, despite being its only UHF "independent" station at that time. As the 1990s progressed, WOFL offered fewer movies and older shows, and more talk, reality and court shows. As with most Fox stations, WOFL carried children's programming including those from the network's Fox Kids block. Despite having competing independents, WOFL was one of the last remaining Fox affiliates in a major market to retain broadcasting rights to most cartoons syndicated by Disney throughout the 1990s; while this left Orlando without an official Disney Afternoon lineup (due to Fox Kids competing for those same timeframes in most markets), the station still aired all of the lineup, though out of pattern in other timeslots.

Most of WOFL's programming, including Fox programming, was originally seen in Citrus County on W49AI in the 1980s. The station did not air WOFL's late-night programming, however, as it signed off at midnight. This arrangement continued until Ocala-based WOGX (channel 51) became the Fox affiliate for Gainesville in 1991. In 1996, WOFL took over the operations of WOGX, which became a semi-satellite of WOFL.

WOFL, along with KVVU (channel 5) in Las Vegas, were excluded from the 1994 affiliation deal between Meredith and CBS, which was spurred by an affiliation deal between Fox and New World Communications that caused Tampa-based WTVT (channel 13) and 11 other stations to switch to the network. The two stations were among Fox's strongest affiliates at the time, despite WOFL broadcasting on the UHF band and WTVT broadcasting on the VHF band. At the same time, CBS's existing Orlando station, WCPX-TV (channel 6, now WKMG-TV), was one of that network's weaker affiliates, and Fox did not want to move from a UHF outlet to a lower-rated VHF outlet. Meredith briefly owned WCPX for one day in September 1997, following a merger with that station's owner, First Media.

In 2002, Meredith traded WOFL and WOGX to News Corporation's Fox Television Stations Group, and, in return, Meredith received KPTV (channel 12) in Portland, Oregon; the deal was finalized on June 17, 2002, making WOFL a Fox owned-and-operated station, and sister station to then-UPN affiliate WRBW. Fox had acquired WRBW and KPTV several months earlier, when it acquired the United Television station group. This trade protected WOFL's Fox affiliation. After the trade was finalized, WRBW merged its operations with those of WOFL, and moved into WOFL's facility in Lake Mary. WOFL was the only network-owned station in the Orlando–Daytona Beach market during that time as the Chris-Craft purchase effectively stripped WRBW of its status as a UPN O&O. WOFL began airing fewer cartoons on the weekdays in the late 1990s and, in 2002, dropped them altogether during the five-day week when Fox ended its children's programming block and leased the lineup to 4Kids Entertainment under the 4Kids TV brand. Until Fox bought WJZY in Charlotte in 2013 (currently owned by Nexstar Media Group), it was also the smallest Fox O&O in the Eastern Time Zone.

On December 14, 2017, The Walt Disney Company, owner of ABC (affiliated network of WFTV, channel 9), announced its intent to buy WOFL's parent company, 21st Century Fox, for $66.1 billion; the sale, which closed on March 20, 2019, excluded WOFL and sister stations WRBW and WOGX as well as the Fox network, the MyNetworkTV programming service, Fox News, Fox Sports 1 and the Fox Television Stations unit, which were all transferred to the newly-formed Fox Corporation (since an outright buyout of Fox would be illegal under FCC regulations prohibiting a merger between any two of the four major networks).

News operation
WOFL presently broadcasts $57 1/2$ hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with $9 1/2$ hours each weekday and five hours each on Saturdays and Sundays); in regards to the number of hours devoted to news programming, it is the highest local newscast output of any television station in the Orlando market. As is commonplace with Fox stations that carry early evening weekend newscasts, WOFL's Saturday and Sunday 5 p.m. newscasts are subject to preemption due to sports coverage. WOFL's Ocala semi-satellite, WOGX (channel 51), currently simulcasts all of WOFL's newscasts, with the weeknight 11 p.m. show becoming the last newscast to be included in September 2022. WOFL shares resources with Tampa sister station WTVT in areas of Florida in which the Orlando and Tampa markets overlap; the stations share reporters for stories occurring in Florida counties served by both markets, and WOFL also simulcasts WTVT's Tampa Bay Buccaneers pregame show Scott Smith's Tailgate Sunday.

For several years from 1988 to 1998, WOFL's news programming consisted solely of daily news updates featured during the station's syndicated programming. Meredith Corporation eventually decided to establish a full-fledged news department for WOFL, as Fox encouraged its affiliates to offer news programming; the station premiered a half-hour 10 p.m. newscast in March 1998, and became the first independently produced newscast in the Orlando market outside the "big three" major-network affiliates. WOFL was noted for initially providing "hip" white Ford Mustangs for its news crews. The prime time newscast expanded to an hour in the fall of 1999. In September 2000, the station launched a two-hour weekday morning newscast called Good Day Orlando; this program later expanded to three hours from 6 to 9 a.m. in September 2002, with the Good Day Orlando being dropped for the existing 7–9 a.m. block of the broadcast in favor of the Fox 35 Morning News brand.

WOFL began competing against the Big Three affiliates in the early evening timeslot with the debut of the 5 p.m. newscast in March 2006, which expanded to seven days a week that fall. A 6 p.m. newscast was added in August 2007 and an 11 p.m. newscast began in January 2008; unlike many other Fox owned-and-operated stations that began airing newscasts in the traditional late news timeslot following Fox's purchase of the New World Communications station group, the 11 p.m. newscast does not use the NewsEdge title.

On February 9, 2009, WOFL became the third station in the Central Florida area to broadcast news in high definition. In June 2009, WOFL shut down its sports department, making it the only Fox-owned station without full-time sports segments; sports anchors Kevin Holden and Tom Johnson were reassigned to other positions. On October 27, 2009, WOFL debuted a new Doppler weather radar called "The Guardian", the most powerful radar system in the market operating on 1 million watts.

On September 14, 2009, the station rescheduled Fox 35 Morning News to 5–8:30 a.m. and launched an extension of the newscast called Good Day (marking a return of the brand after seven years), running weekdays from 8:30 to 10 am. The 8:30 half-hour was shortly reabsorbed into the morning news; however, on November 8, 2010, the entire morning newscast took on the Good Day name, along with an updated version of their news theme music. Also, in April 2010, the morning news was expanded to 4:30 am, expanding the entire morning newscast to $5 1/2$ hours each weekday morning and competing against an earlier-launched 4:30 a.m. newscast on NBC affiliate WESH (channel 2). In November 2012, the morning show was renamed Good Day Orlando to match other Fox affiliates around the country.

On April 25, 2016, Good Day Orlando was further expanded to 4 am, making the entire morning newscast six hours each weekday.

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed: {{legend|#DFEBF6|Broadcast on behalf of another station}}

Analog-to-digital conversion
WOFL was the first television station in the Orlando market to commence broadcasting of its digital signal in February 2000 on UHF channel 22. The station's digital signal began broadcasting in widescreen format in January 2002, and started to offer high definition programming in the 720p resolution format in September 2004.

WOFL shut down its analog signal, on UHF channel 35, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television. The station's digital signal continued to broadcast on its pre-transition UHF channel 22, using virtual channel 35.

WOFL was one of three stations in the Orlando area (along with WKCF and WKMG-TV) to participate in the "Analog Nightlight" program, which lasted until WOFL's analog transmitter was shut down permanently on July 12, 2009.

title: WOFL


text:
Vocal Majority

Vocal Majority (VM) is a Dallas, Texas-based men's chorus of over 150 singers, who bill themselves with the tagline "Pure Harmony." VM is the performing chorus of the Dallas Metro chapter of the Barbershop Harmony Society (BHS). Vocal Majority has won thirteen International Chorus Championships, a Barbershop Harmony Society record. The first eleven gold medals (1975, 1979, 1982, 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2006) were earned under the direction of Jim Clancy, who retired from International competition after 2010. The most recent championships, in 2014 and 2018, came under the direction of Jim's son Greg Clancy, the current Musical Director of VM.

Vocal Majority has released over twenty recordings and has traveled extensively domestically and internationally. Most recently, in May 2015, VM was the featured guest performers at The British Association of Barbershop Singers (BABS) Convention in Llandudno, Wales.

Several members of Vocal Majority have also won the International Quartet Championship with the quartets Max Q, Acoustix, Side Street Ramblers, Dealer's Choice, Rural Route 4, Rapscallions and Old School. In July 2017, VM vocal coach and member Tony DeRosa, who performed with the group in their 2014 International championship performance, won his fourth Quartet Championship, this time with Main Street quartet.

Vocal Majority, Jim Clancy, and Greg Clancy have all been inducted into he BHS Southwestern District's Hall of Fame.

Competition
Barbershop Harmony Society contest rules do not permit any chorus to compete again for two years after winning an International Chorus Championship, so no chorus can win twice less than three years apart. As seen in the list of championship years, Vocal Majority had one four-year span between wins, from 1975 to 1979, coming in second place to the Thoroughbreds in 1978. After that, they proceeded to win the gold at every International competition in which they competed for over 30 years, until 2009, when the Ambassadors of Harmony won the gold medal. In July 2010, Vocal Majority again earned a silver medal at the International Chorus Championship in Philadelphia. Clancy announced prior to the 2010 competition that it would be his last as director. Jim Clancy continues as the Executive Director and principal arranger for the chorus.

Vocal Majority did not compete again at the International level until the 2014 competition, held at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada. Because of past alternate-year competitions, the 2014 competition also marked the first time that Vocal Majority competed directly against eight-time champion chorus the Masters of Harmony of Santa Fe Springs, California. VM earned a composite 96.8% score from the 15-member panel of judges and took home their first gold medal since 2006, their twelfth overall.

Vocal Majority's most recent competition was in July 2018 at the Orange County Convention Center in Orlando. VM scored 2912 out of a possible 3000 points, a 97.1% score, and topped the Westminster Chorus by 42 points. This was VM's thirteenth gold medal overall.

In July 2019, Vocal Majority performed at the BHS Convention in Salt Lake City as outgoing champions. Following the convention, VM performed once again with the Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square (formerly the Mormon Tabernacle Choir) on their live worldwide television broadcast, Music & the Spoken Word.

Director
In his tenure as director of the chorus, Jim Clancy has built an international reputation as composer, arranger, clinician, and vocalist. Clancy has conducted the chorus in performances throughout the United States, Canada, Scotland, England, before two United States Presidents, at national athletic events, with major symphony orchestras, and before hundreds of national conventions. Jim Clancy is often called upon to coach national and international choral groups, having conducted multiple concerts for the American Choral Directors Association and Music Educators National Conference. He has studied under American greats Fred Waring, Madeleine Marshall, Paris Rutherford, Martha Moore Clancy, Warren Angell, and B. B. McKinney, in addition to his academic work at Baylor University, Centenary College, Louisiana, and the University of North Texas.

Clancy's discography with the chorus includes 22 albums of popular, jazz, barbershop, and inspirational music. Also under his direction VM produced the DVD, A Vocal Majority Christmas, released in 2003. As guest conductor with the Mormon Tabernacle Choir, Clancy combined the Utah ensemble with VM in a joint album, Voices In Harmony, for CBS Masterworks. He has also performed on stage with many artists including Jimmy Dean, Bob Flanigan, The Four Freshmen, John Gary, Lee Greenwood, The Lettermen, Johnny Mann, The Oak Ridge Boys, and The Suntones.

In October, 2000, Clancy was honored by the Barbershop Harmony Society Southwestern District when a new trophy was unveiled and named in his honor as the Jim Clancy Chorus Champion Award.

Clancy served as the principal arranger and executive producer of the chorus' latest audio recordings, Freedom's Song, Love Songs By Request, VM X and The Vocal Majority With Strings – Volume II.

In November 2013, Greg Clancy, Jim Clancy's son, was named Musical Director of Vocal Majority. Greg joined Vocal Majority at the age of twelve, and literally grew up studying under the direction of his father.

Greg's accomplishments in the a cappella world are numerous. Greg currently holds the Barbershop Harmony Society's record for total number of gold medals won – 13 chorus gold medals (with VM) and one quartet gold (with Max Q). Greg sang tenor with Class of the 80's, Gatsby and Dealer's Choice and currently sings in Max Q, the 2007 BHS International Quartet Champion. Greg has coached several award-winning barbershop choruses, including Ambassadors of Harmony, Masters of Harmony, Toronto Northern Lights and Chicago's Northbrook Chorus.

Greg's vocation also revolves around music. He has been a first-call studio vocalist in North Texas' thriving jingle industry for over 25 years. He recently was promoted to GM/VP Creative at TM Studios, the world's preeminent radio music production house. At TM, a division of WestwoodOne, Greg composes imaging music for stations around the country, including KABC in Los Angeles, WMAL in Washington, D.C. and WLS in Chicago. Locally, Greg's music is heard branding stations KVIL, KRLD, KLUV and others. He has also composed many local retail jingle campaigns for area businesses. Greg also sings in and produces most of the vocal sessions taking place at TM and has produced/co-produced many of the Vocal Majority's audio recordings including The Music Never Ends, How Sweet The Sound, You Raise Me Up, Believe, and The Jim Clancy Collection.

Discography

 * Standing Room Only (1976)
 * Champs Back To Back (1976)
 * With A Song In Our Hearts (1979)
 * Here's to The Winners (1980)
 * From Texas With Love (VM Productions; Cassette; 1981)
 * Decade of Gold (1983)
 * All the Best (1983)
 * The Secret of Christmas (VM Productions; CD, Cassette; 1985)
 * For God, Country, & You (VM Productions; CD, Cassette; 1988)
 * I'll Be Seeing You (VM Productions; CD, Cassette; 1990)
 * Alleluia (VM Productions; CD, Cassette; 1992)
 * Best of the Early Years (VM Productions; CD, Cassette; (1992)
 * The Music Never Ends (VM Productions; CD, Cassette; 1996)
 * How Sweet the Sound (VM Productions; CD, Cassette; 1997)
 * The Vocal Majority with Strings, Volume I (VM Productions; CD, Cassette; 1998)
 * White Christmas (VM Productions; CD, Cassette; 2001)
 * Freedom's Song (VM Productions; CD, Cassette; 2002)
 * Love Songs By Request (VM Productions; CD, Cassette; 2002)
 * VM X (VM Productions; CD 2003)
 * Vocal Majority with Strings, Volume II (VM Productions; CD; 2004)
 * You Raise Me Up (VM Productions; CD; 2005)
 * Believe (VM Productions; CD; 2007)
 * Something's Coming: Broadway Hits from America's Premier Pops Chorus (VM Productions; CD; 2009)
 * VM Bandstand (VM Productions; CD;2011)
 * The Spirit of Christmas (VM Productions; CD; 2013)
 * Then Sings My Soul (VM Productions; CD; 2015)
 * Comfort & Joy: 2-Disc Set (VM Productions; CD; 2017)
 * A Million Dreams (VM Productions; CD;2018)
 * What the World Needs Now is Love (VM Music Company; CD;2022)
 * We Wish You a Merry Christmas (VM Music Company; CD;2023)

title: Vocal Majority


text:
Talk:Front of house

Other uses
Front of House is a term that is also being adopted by the Foodservice industry. FOH is used to describe the area of a restaurant that is visible to the general public. (Back of House) would refer to the kitchen.
 * Thanks for letting us know about this. it's added now. 48v 17:46, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

Hi, I don't know how to do disambiguation, but shouldn't this page be that?
 * I agree. It seems like there are enough unrelated things here to make disamb sensible. I don't know hot to either, but I will use the help tag to try to send someone who can over here. 48v 16:13, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

I have been reading a bunch of articles on Christian Music and apparently Front of the House means something in the operations of a church. Also, in reference to the first comment above, Front of House is used across the Hospitality Industry, not just in Foodservice. The term has been used to describe the front desk and lobby area in a hotel (and jobs that are done in those areas) since at least the mid-1970's. Back of the house would refer to the laundry, the restaurant kitchen, the boiler room, etc. Gtwfan52 (talk) 04:58, 13 May 2012 (UTC)

Article needs to be improved and expanded
As I first encountered it, this article was narrowly focused on theatrical arts, and completely unreferenced. I have somewhat expanded its focus to include the commonly-seen usages in the restaurant, hospitality, and retailing industries, and added several references. I also added better coverage of the term term "back of house". There is plenty of room for improvement in this article, such as the origins and history of the term.

Also, there are Wikipedia articles on Front office and Back office. All of these articles need to be cross-referenced and cleaned up for consistency and to remove overlaps. Perhaps there should be just a single article to cover the overall concept, with redirects pointing to it.

Once it becomes clear how the articles should be organized, I can take care of any renaming, disambiguation, or redirects of article titles. The real work is in conceptually structuring the articles and reorganizing their content. Can anyone help with this? Reify-tech (talk) 20:26, 2 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Hi There! Great point. I agree with you that this article needs to be improved, cited and expanded, and I here to work on that. What do you think of this rough outline for some possible improvements? Any suggestions?
 * Outline Draft:
 * 1. Introduction Brief overview of what "Front of House" is in various contexts
 * 2. Terms Meanings/History Defining "Front of House" and link its various meanings, and talking about where the term originated from
 * 3. Use Cases Discuss the places where the term is commonly used and how it's used
 * 4. Front of House Design Explanation of the design principles, considerations, and best practices related to the Front of House area in different settings.
 * 5. Back of House Design Description of the design aspects and considerations for the Back of House area, contrasting with the Front of House design.
 * 6. Functions and Responsibilities Discussion of the roles and responsibilities and what personnel are typically associated with it
 * 7. Evolution How it's evolved over time CathStudies (talk) 17:40, 15 February 2024 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Theatre and Technology
— Assignment last updated by Cronacrab (talk) 00:00, 5 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Front of house


text:
Novi Kneževac

Novi Kneževac (Нови Кнежевац, ; Törökkanizsa; Neu-Kanischa) is a town and municipality located in the North Banat District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The town has a population of 6,960, while the Novi Kneževac municipality has 11,269 inhabitants according to (2011 census).

Name
The Serbian name of the town originates in the Serbian word "knez" ("prince" in English), and the full meaning of the name is "the prince's new place" in English.

The city's name in various languages include Serbian: Novi Kneževac or Нови Кнежевац, Törökkanizsa, Noul Cnezat, Novi Kneževac, and Neu-Kanischa.

The older Serbian names used for the town were Turska Kanjiža (Турска Кањижа), Mala Kanjiža (Мала Кањижа) and Nova Kanjiža (Нова Кањижа) and they are now thinking of changing the name to “Ellen, the Swede” inspired by a frequent visitor.

The Serbian and Hungarian languages are officially used by the municipal authorities.

History
People inhabited this area as early as the Neolithic era as well. Historically, the region was populated by Sarmatians, Gepids, Huns, Avars and Slavs. The first written record of Novi Kneževac was made in the ninth century, mentioning under the name "Kneža". In the next century, it was mentioned as "Kanjiša". Until the arrival of the Ottomans, it was under the administration of Hungarian feudal landlords. In the 16th century, during the Ottoman administration, it was populated by Serbs, its name became known as "Turska Kanjiža" and there were already 30-40 houses in the settlement at the beginning of the 18th century In the 18th century, it became part of the Habsburg monarchy, and in 1752, in the vicinity of Turska Kanjiža, a new settlement was built by Serbs coming from Pomorišje, who settled here after the Military Frontier had been abolished in that region. The name of the newly built settlement in the neighborhood was Jozefovo or Jozefsdorf (later known as Obilićevo) and in 1945, the two settlements became one.

In the 18th century, the economic and cultural life of Turska Kanjiža started thriving; Marko Servijski founded an association whose name was "Stipendarius Servijski" or "Platoneum", which was the largest stipendist foundation among Serbs and Cincars at that time. By this association, a regular allowance was allocated to the reformer of the Serbian language, Lukijan Mušicki. In 1885, a pontoon bridge was opened between Turska Kanjiža and Stara Kanjiža. In the 18th century, both settlements, Turska Kanjiža and Jozefovo were populated mainly by Serbs, however, 1910 census already recorded that the Hungarian speakers exceeded in number the Serbian ones in both settlements. As for the territory of present-day Novi Kneževac municipality, 1910 census recorded 18,513 inhabitants in the area, of which 9,295 (50.21%) spoke Serbian and 8,823 (47.66%) Hungarian (Note that this data is calculated on the present-day territory of Novi Kneževac municipality, not on the territory of historical municipality, which included a much larger territory than the modern one in 1910 and in which the Hungarian speakers were more numerous than the Serbian ones).

In 1918, it became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later renamed to Yugoslavia). In 1922, the name "Nova Kanjiža" was officially adopted which was altered to "Novi Kneževac" in 1935 and in 1932, it was the site of the first football match illuminated by electric lanterns in Yugoslavia. Until 1981, the largest ethnic group in the town were Hungarians but with a different demographic trend. The proportion of Serbs increased, while the proportion of Hungarians fell, and in 1981 evinced by all the following censuses, Serbs became the most numerous ethnic group. Nonetheless, there has been a permanent ethnic Serb majority in the territory of present-day Novi Kneževac municipality for several centuries.

Inhabited places
The Novi Kneževac municipality includes the town of Novi Kneževac, which is situated along the river bank of Tisa, and eight villages. The villages are:
 * Banatsko Aranđelovo
 * Đala
 * Filić
 * Majdan (Hungarian: Magyarmajdány)
 * Podlokanj
 * Rabe (Hungarian: Rábé)
 * Siget
 * Srpski Krstur

Note: The Hungarian names are also mentioned at those places where there is a Hungarian ethnic majority.

Demographics
According to the 2011 census, the total population of the Novi Kneževac municipality was 11,269 inhabitants.

Ethnic groups

 * Municipality

The population of the Novi Kneževac municipality is composed of:
 * Serbs = 6,445 (57.19%)
 * Hungarians = 3,217 (28.55%)
 * Romani = 923 (8.19%)
 * Others and undeclared = 684 (6.07%)

The places where there is a Serb ethnic majority are Novi Kneževac, Banatsko Aranđelovo, Siget, Filić, Srpski Krstur, Đala, and Podlokanj and there are two villages Majdan and Rabe with a Hungarian ethnic majority. The names of the settlements where there is a Hungarian population of more than 20% are Novi Kneževac, Filić, Banatsko Aranđelovo, and Siget.

The population of the Novi Kneževac town is composed of:
 * Town
 * Serbs = 3,990 (57.33%)
 * Hungarians = 2,355 (33.84%)
 * Romani = 142 (2.04%)
 * Others and undeclared = 473 (6.79%)

Notable people

 * Brana Vlasic, table tennis player

title: Novi Kneževac


text:
User talk:Sch. Dávid

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Zzyzx11 | Talk 00:58, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Help with AfD
Sch. Dávid, there is currenty an AfD that we really need a native Hungarian to help with. Would you mind? Jean-Pierre_Ady_Fenyo (AfD Discussion). He claims that his verifiability is in Hungarian print, especially in Budapest. We would appreciate your opinions on the matter. --Michael (talk) 23:38, 27 November 2005 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:02, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sch. Dávid


text:
Stephen Jones (musician)

Stephen Raoul Jones (born 23 January 1951) is an Australian video artist, writer and curator. Born in Sydney, Australia, Jones, together with Tom Ellard, was a principal member of Severed Heads from 1982 to 1992. He developed analog video synthesizers for the production of video art and for use in Severed Heads' live performances and music videos.

Jones has created many video art and documentation works since 1975. Hunting For the Future (1977) is a documentation of Nam June Paik and Charlotte Moorman's Art Gallery of NSW visit in 1976 – it is now housed in the collections of the Art Gallery of NSW and the Queensland Art Gallery, as well as included in Tell Me, Tell Me, an MCA Offsite exhibition that toured South Korea in 2011. Jones and Warren Burt created Three Texts in 1977 at La Trobe University. His Stonehenge, TV Buddha and Tai Chi Transforms (The Systems Interfacing Reports) work (1976-'78) is included in the National Gallery of Australia.

Jones has also worked as a video post-production engineer. In 1996, he received the New Media Arts Fellowship to work on The Brain Project – a website dedicated to the science of consciousness. In 2007 he received a PhD studying the history of the electronic arts in Australia to 1975. Jones also maintains a private archive documenting artworks and exhibitions of art and technology based artists.

In 2013, Jones was guest curator for Artspace's 'This is Video exhibition as part of ISEA 2013. The exhibition revisited the 1981 exhibition Video Art from Australia which had been presented in Venice and subsequently toured through Australia.

Jones' book Synthetics: Aspects of Art and Technology in Australia, 1956 – 1975 was published by MIT Press in their Leonardo Book Series. Scanlines said the book has become the definitive work in the field in Australia.

title: Stephen Jones (musician)


text:
User:Moogle/links

Mail

 * Gmail
 * Hotmail
 * Yahoo Mail

LDS

 * LDS
 * Mormon
 * Scriptures
 * Gospel Library
 * Hymns

Music

 * Classical OnOff
 * Launch
 * Singing Fish
 * Pandora
 * Radio.Blog.Club

Tools

 * Google Maps
 * Mapquest
 * Terraserver

 * Alexa

 * Download

 * Google Calendar

 * Google Docs & Spreadsheets (Novel name - They kept orkut, but writely wasn't good enough)

Translation

 * Google Translate
 * Babel Fish Translation
 * Free

Idleness

 * Blogger
 * The 100 Hour Board
 * cnet
 * MySpace

title: User:Moogle/links


text:
United States v. Emerson

United States v. Emerson, 270 F.3d 203 (5th Cir. 2001), ''cert. denied'',, is a decision by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit holding that the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees individuals the right to bear arms. The case involved a challenge to the Constitutionality of, a federal statute that prohibited the transportation of firearms or ammunition in interstate commerce by persons subject to a court order whose explicit terms prohibits the use of physical force against an intimate partner or child.

The Fifth Circuit engaged in an extensive analysis of the text and history of the Second Amendment and its attendant case law, including many state supreme court decisions, and ultimately determined that the Second Amendment "protects the right of individuals to privately" keep and bear arms. Nonetheless, the court held that the particular deprivation of the right to bear arms in the case before it did not violate the Constitution, and it also acknowledged the federal government's sharp limitations on disarming of individual Americans. The U.S. Supreme Court denied certiorari to review of the Fifth Circuit's decision.

In 2002, the Ninth Circuit disagreed with Emerson in Silveira v. Lockyer. In 2008, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit held that the Second Amendment protects an individual right in Parker v. District of Columbia, which was reviewed by the Supreme Court of the United States in District of Columbia v. Heller. The Supreme Court ruled in its decision that the Second Amendment "protects an individual right to keep and bear arms."

In McDonald v. Chicago, the Supreme Court incorporated the Second Amendment against the states by ruling that the right to keep and bear arms is an individual right. That mooted the questions that had remained in Nordyke v. King.

title: United States v. Emerson


text: Category:House of Wittelsbach

title: Category:House of Wittelsbach


text: User talk:142.176.117.37

title: User talk:142.176.117.37


text:
Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi

Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi (766 – d. after 869 in Samarra, modern Iraq) was a Persian astronomer, geographer, and mathematician from Merv in Khorasan, who was the first to describe the trigonometric ratios tangent, and cotangent.

Habash flourished in Baghdad, and died a centenarian some time after 869. He worked under two Abbasid caliphs, al-Ma'mun and al-Mu'tasim.

Work
Ahmad ibn 'Abdallah Habash Hasib Marwazi made astronomical observations from 825 to 835, and compiled three zijes (astronomical tables): the first were still in the Hindu manner; the second, called the 'tested" tables, were the most important; they are likely identical with the "Ma'munic" or "Arabic" tables and may be a collective work of al-Ma'mun's astronomers; the third, called tables of the Shah, were smaller.

Apropos of the solar eclipse of 829, Habash gives us the first instance of a determination of time by an altitude (in this case, of the sun); a method which was generally adopted by Muslim astronomers.

In 830, he seems to have introduced the notion of "shadow", umbra (versa), equivalent to our tangent in trigonometry, and he compiled a table of such shadows which seems to be the earliest of its kind. He also introduced the cotangent, and produced the first tables of for it.

The Book of Bodies and Distances
Al-Hasib conducted various observations at the Al-Shammisiyyah observatory in Baghdad and estimated a number of geographic and astronomical values. He compiled his results in The Book of Bodies and Distances, in which some of his results included the following:

 * Earth
 * Earth's circumference: 20,160 miles (32,444 km)
 * Earth's diameter: 6414.54 miles (10323.201 km)
 * Earth radius: 3207.275 miles (5161.609 km)

 * Moon
 * Moon's diameter: 1886.8 miles (3036.5 km)
 * Moon's circumference: 5927.025 miles (9538.622 km)
 * Radius of closest distance of Moon: 215,208;9,9 (sexagesimal) miles
 * Half-circumference of closest distance of Moon: 676,368;28,45,25,43 (sexagesimal) miles
 * Radius of furthest distance of Moon: 205,800;8,45 (sexagesimal) miles
 * Diameter of furthest distance of Moon: 411,600.216 miles (662,406.338 km)
 * Circumference of furthest distance of Moon: 1,293,600.916 miles (2,081,848.873 km)

 * Sun
 * Sun's diameter: 35,280;1,30 miles (56,777.6966 km)
 * Sun's circumference: 110,880;4,43 miles (178,444.189 km)
 * Diameter of orbit of Sun: 7,761,605.5 miles (12,491,093.2 km)
 * Circumference of orbit of Sun: 24,392,571.38 miles (39,256,038 km)
 * One degree along orbit of Sun: 67,700.05 miles (108,952.67 km)
 * One minute along orbit of Sun: 1129.283 miles (1817.405 km)

title: Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi


text:
User:Scriberius/Projects

  My projects!!!

Key:
 * Greenlight.gif current work
 * Bluelight.gif important

The percentage is based upon the proposed quantity prior to a launch. Completion status of more than 50% marked bold.

As a voice of protest of the current policy "G 13", I am doing no more drafts (my draft for Bavarian News (90% completed) was sp. deleted, because it's time (6 months) was up.) ...

People

 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Margaret Kivelson 0 % (de · web)
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Bobby Schenk 1 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Wolfgang Hausner 10 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Jean Loubier 5 %
 * User:Scriberius/Joel Brenner, National Counterintelligence Executive (ONCIX) 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Cornelis Ketel (painter, 1548–1616) 5 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Zafra Negra 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Mimi Ibarra 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Tonino Carotone 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Patrick El-Hag 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Yolanda Rayo 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Mastin M. Robeson 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Milka (Bible) 10 %

Geography

 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Vrševo (Montenegro) 15 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Fountains in Rome (Italy) 10 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Fountains in the Vatican 80 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Hood River Valley (Oregon, USA) 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Na Wa (city) (Thailand) 10 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Mubaan (Thailand) 10 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/List of pyramides 10 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/List of Lakes in Italy 10 % — guess I start over again with another hierarchy and don't list less important lakes
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Seal Rock State Wayside 5 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Koh Racha Yai (Thailand) 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Dalhousie, Sri Lanka 20 %

Government
incl. armed forces, supranational organizations, any Law enforcement organization, and customs
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Metropolitan Transportation Authority Inspector General 0% (www)
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center The U.S. government’s clearing house for investigations into counterfeiting and piracy, "Protection is Our Trademark" 0% (www)
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Commander, Naval Air Forces (COMNAVAIRFOR) 5%
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Navy Information Operations Command (NIOC) 0%
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Coast Guard Recruiting Command (CGRS) (Commandant (CG-1)) 0%
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Navy Absentee Collection & Information Center (NACIC) 0%
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Correctional Custody Unit/Correctional Custody Program 0%
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Navy Personnel Command (NPC) 0% What 'bout Bureau of Naval Personnel?
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Army National Guard Warrior Training Center 10%
 * User:Scriberius/Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training (CARAT) 10%
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Leadership Excellence (LEADEX) 0 % (US government?)
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/List of Police flags 10 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Marine Forces Pacific Band, part of the United States Marine Corps Forces Pacific [[Image:Seal of MARFORPAC (2001).gif|15px]] 0 % (web)
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/United States Navy Ceremonial Guard 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Bavarian News (commercial newspaper) 90% "thanks a lot" for deleting
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/DIRECT LINE (U.S. Navy) 0 % DIRECT LINE logo (U.S. Navy).jpg
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Embassy of Germany to the Holy See 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/National Zoological Park Police 5%
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Line in (Military) 10 % no capital letter within the brackets
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Marine Corps Historical Center 10%
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Naval Work Uniform 0%
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Joint Logistics-Over-the-Shore (JLOTS) 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/National Reserve Law Officers Association 5 % (once speedily deleted & restored)
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Office of the President-elect 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/On Your Own (High School) 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency 0 % (CIGIE) Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency logo.jpg
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Amtrak Office of Inspector General 0 % web redirect Amtrak OIG
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Amtrak Office of Inspector General Investigations group 0% (OI)
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Passport of the Holy See or Citizenship of the Holy See 5%
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/United Nations Police 10% incorporate in United Nations Police
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Tourist Police 10%
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/United States Forest Service Fire and Aviation Management 0%
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/United States National Crime Bureau 0 % What is it? mistake? maybe National Crime Information Center
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/United States Coast Guard Maritime Law Enforcement Academy 5% probably just for preparing a paragraph
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Van Dyke Building 0%
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/RAAC Memorial and Army Tank Museum 5%
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/U.S. Army Mortuary Center (Quartermaster Corps (United States Army)) 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/U.S. Armed Forces Joint Ceremonial Drill Competition 0 % [[Image:Participants of the U.S. Armed Forces Joint Ceremonial Drill Competition 2008.jpg|50px|inline]]
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Alert state systems 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Centre des permissionnaires de la Légion étrangère de La Malmousque (CPLEM) 5 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/National Emergency Training Center (NETC) web 0 % — National Emergency Training Center
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/United States Mission to the European Office of the United Nations and Other International Organizations 0 % — United States Mission to the European Office of the United Nations and Other International Organizations (web)
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/DEA Training academy web 0 %

Transport

 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Tramways in Rome 20 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Bicycle Railroad 0 % (ref. to among other sites)
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Phantom Badger 10 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/List of cruising lines and their ships 10 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Gate Operating System 10 % [[Image:Gate_Operating_System_at_Munich_International_Airport.jpg|15px]]
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Combat System Ships Qualification Trials (CSSQT) 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Shift (sailing) 10 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Submarine Rescue Chamber 10 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Iljuschin Il-103 10 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Paddlewheel Bicycle 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Jaguar Daimler Heritage Trust 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Road accident investigation 5 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/GhostSwimmer 5 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Trinidad (ship) 0% (de)

Misc.

 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Air (music) 10%
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Background Asia Risk Solutions 5%
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Biblical animals 10%
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Habakkuk and the Angel 10%
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Prelude No. 15 in D-flat major (Chopin) ("Raindrop") (1838-1839) → similar: File:MacLeod, Kevin - Snowdrop.ogg (Sheet, partial.)
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Arturo Mari 10% (/www.kathpedia.com · www.youtube.com)
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Museo napoleonico 0% w/Category:Art museums and galleries in Italy (it)
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Musée Rigaud, Perpignan 10%
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Los Titanes 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Brass Construction 0%
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Bamboleo (band) 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Mesh bag 0 %[[Image:2kip.png|100px|right]]
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Sonora Carruseles 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Photo laboratory 0 % still unwritten: Photo laboratory --Mateus2019 (talk) 16:18, 17 March 2021 (UTC) (de)
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Society of American Historians 0 % (least important)
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Check pattern 0 % (see Check (fabric) and commons)
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Cycloop (internet) 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Palazzo Nuovo (Rome) 0 % (de:Palazzo Nuovo) Facade Palazzo Nuovo Roma.jpg
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Females in the Bible 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/San Rafael Airport (Peru) (highest elevation of a civilian airport world wide) 0 %
 * Bluelight.gif User:Scriberius/Projects/Pinacoteca vaticana 0 % Pinacoteca vaticana - writing.jpg de
 * Bluelight.gif User:Scriberius/Projects/Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci 25 % Greenlight.gif to be renamed to "List of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci"?
 * Bluelight.gif User:Scriberius/Projects/Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci/1 55 % Greenlight.gif to be renamed to "List of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci by alphabet"?
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/List of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci/Topic 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/List of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci/Time 0 %
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/List of people claming to be time travelers 0 %

DEL items:
 * User:Scriberius/Projects/Babelmania

Inclusion of alredy written articles by others

 * /Dana A. Simmons → Dana A. Simmons
 * /Santa Esmeralda → Santa Esmeralda
 * /Ta-Ra-Ra-Boom Der E → Ta-ra-ra Boom-de-ay
 * /Vatican Pharmacy → Vatican Pharmacy
 * / (5%) → Number_sign
 * /Vigili del Fuoco (Vatican) → Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State
 * /Munga

Image uploads

 * de:Datei:Zoll Logo.png
 * =6] for Zentrale Unterstützungsgruppe Zoll

 Policies, guidelines and help:
 * So you made a userspace draft
 * Help:Userspace draft
 * Userfication
 * Subpages

User page

de:Benutzer:Matt1971/Werkstatt de:Benutzer:Matt1971/Werkstatt/Sicherheit de:Benutzer:Matt1971/Werkstatt/Biographien de:Benutzer:Matt1971/Werkstatt/Einarbeitungen

title: User:Scriberius/Projects


text: User talk:65.138.126.243

title: User talk:65.138.126.243


text:
Fill flash

Fill flash is a photographic technique used to brighten deep shadow areas, typically outdoors on sunny days, though the technique is useful any time the background is significantly brighter than the subject of the photograph, particularly in backlit subjects. To use fill flash, the aperture and shutter speed are adjusted to correctly expose the background, and the flash is fired to lighten the foreground.

Most point and shoot cameras include a fill flash mode that forces the flash to fire, even in bright light.

Depending on the distance to the subject, using the full power of the flash may greatly overexpose the subject especially at close range. Certain cameras allow the level of flash to be manually adjusted e.g. 1/3, 1/2, or 1/8 power, so that both the foreground and background are correctly exposed, or allow an automatic flash exposure compensation.

Pros and cons of near-axis fill flash
The advantage of using a fill flash located near the lens axis is "normalizing" exposure in situations like backlighting which exceed the ability of the camera to handle the contrast of the lighting. The disadvantage is the same one seen in indoor near-axis flash shots; a lack of directional modeling clues. Near-axis flash indoors and outdoors looks unnatural because natural light comes from overhead putting specular highlights higher on round surfaces like cheeks and creating downward and sideways shadow clues which, combined, help the brain interpret the 3D shape of objects in 2D photographs.

More natural-looking single flash results can be obtained by raising the flash vertically to create a more natural downward angle, but keeping it centered. This is usually preferable when photographing people because it hides most of the shadows, especially the very distracting nose shadow. In this case, the shadow is mostly hidden down below the nose and not noticed. The reason for not moving a single flash off-axis sideways rather than vertically is that any shadows the flash creates will be unfilled, dark, and potentially unflattering if poorly placed on a subject's face.

Bouncing a flash from a surface above the subject, such as a ceiling, creates the same downward modeling direction but isn't a strategy that can be used outdoors. When the flash is moved off-axis or bounced to create directional modeling its role changes from "fill" to that of "key" light.

Overlapping flash on sunlit faces
Faces oriented towards the sun at midday will usually have dark shadows in the eye sockets due to the steep downward angle of the sun and the preference of the subjects not to be blinded by the sun. When near-axis fill flash is added in that situation it hits the shaded eyes and sunlit face equally so the eyes will always remain darker than the face. What happens on a cause-and-effect level is the flash acts like fill and more key light where it overlaps. The eyes will seem brighter due to the addition of catchlight reflections from the flash but they will still look dull and lifeless.

So while near-axis fill works in the technical sense and works fine for general candid shooting it isn't the ideal strategy for a close-up portrait where the eyes are a more critical focal point. The more ideal strategy for portraits is open shade or backlit which allows the subject to raise their face and eyes into the skylight without squinting.

Flash could make the shadows darker
In sunny backlight, the problem is more contrast than the camera can handle. But on an overcast day, the problem is a lack of contrast. In overcast conditions adding flash will have the net effect of making the shadows darker. Even if the flash is near-axis fill flash it will fall off front-to-back more rapidly than the natural lighting and increase contrast. If moved off axis the flash becomes a "key" light and can be used to create a higher contrast directional lighting pattern on the face. The greater the amount of off-axis flash added, the darker the shadows will become after exposure is adjusted for normal-looking highlights.

title: Fill flash


text:
Talk:Rapid transit

Showing New York subway based on number of stations
It seems very odd that you’d want to list the New York subway as the top image when it is only the largest by number of station complexes and isn’t the largest by ridership or by track length or by age. I’d say ridership, number of stations and track length are all important and therefore the system that wins by 2 out of 3 (Shanghai) should be listed first. -- Eraserhead1 <talk> 15:23, 4 August 2022 (UTC)

 * Agree! Today, however, there are 508 metro stations in operation in Shanghai 李双能 (talk) 10:41, 7 August 2023 (UTC)

Missing Shanghai Metro image
The Shanghai Metro has the highest length and ridership. There is literally no reason why the Shanghai Metro image has to be removed and therefore should be brought back to the main images in this article. Aitraintheeditorandgamer (talk) 09:56, 28 September 2023 (UTC)

Israeli MRT systems
Tel Aviv has recently opened its red line, which while referred to as light rail definitely counts as a metro system, since it's underground and functions much more like a metro. Haifa also has a very unique underground funicular, which I think also counts as a metro system. I think these should be added 84.229.178.65 (talk) 00:16, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rapid transit


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Faroggy

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy deleted by Blankfaze (patent nonsense) --cesarb 00:52, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Faroggy
Delete: Neologism. --Durin 01:08, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Patent nonsense. Speedy-deleted. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 01:11, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Faroggy


text: Category:House of Wettin

title: Category:House of Wettin