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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Islamic fascism

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was no consensus, therefore keep. moink 08:28, 9 May 2005 (UTC)

Islamic fascism
Delete or Merge into list of political ephithets. See Votes for Deletion-Islamofascism This seems to be just a way to bypass that vote. He also includes a picture of a beheading and does not relate it to fascism in any way.Yuber 06:00, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Note 1: Image:Islamic fascism100.gif MUST BE DELETED alongside this article or it will become an orphan. Master Thief Garrett 06:39, 24 Apr 2005

(UTC) Ah hello. I am not even 10% into completing the article so I'm not sure why you want to even consider deleting it before then. I can write and even research pretty well and I think it's a good topic. Have I missed something? Walkingeagles 06:05, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC) Strong delete - very POV and somehow I am not sure if it could get NPOV DeirYassin 13:34, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC) "fuckhead" "bollocks" "editors who are so intent on pushing this anti-Muslim bollocks" "childish" "soapbox for anti-Islamic propagandists" "WRITING IN CAPS" and IN BOLD, in asking and re-asking answered questions...
 * I'm not going to vote because I'm obviously conflicted as the author but I think this is a litle heavy-handed in the circumstances. I don't know whether to finish writing the article. I have offered to have a dialog with Yuber but have not got a response. This article may cover some of the same ground as Islamofascism, but I assume much of that debate is whether it's a legitimate word or not. No such issue arises here. As for bypassing a vote, that is absolutely not my plan, I'll respect whatever is decided, I just wonder how a judgement can be formed 1) before the article is really seriously started, 2) without discussing it with me at all and 3) based on suspicions and enmities which have nothing to do with me. Walkingeagles 07:30, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * the point is NOT whether it is finished or not! The Vfd rules DON'T CARE!!!. OK? Got that? Sorry, but please understand. If someone is writing something that is not fitting for Wikipedia we do not wait for them to finish it as they will be "wasting their time" once we delete it. Master Thief Garrett 07:45, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * However, the real question is what are you presenting in Islamic fascism, and how is it different from Islamofascism? Please, if you can, explain to us how what you have presented is different from the existing page. If they are the same, then you should make your contributions to the other page, and this will become a redirect. If not, tell us why, and we may vote to keep it and let you finish your work. Master Thief Garrett 07:48, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Please don't bite the newbies. I think that User:Walkingeagles can be a valuable contributor; he just needs to learn his way around Wikipedia policy. I don't believe that shouting at him is the most productive way to accomplish this. Firebug 07:53, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Islamofascism, NOT list of political epithets. Meelar (talk) 06:01, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Before the VFD posting, I had redirected the article to List of political epithets. That was later reversed by the article's creator, User:Walkingeagles. I decided not to press the issue because the user is a newbie. Unfortunately, User:Klonimus has already attempted to recruit this user as a soldier in the edit war on the main Islamofascism article. In my opinion, this action is ill-advised. Firebug 06:04, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Um, well, most of the articles we Vfd are at an unfinished state! What were are assessing is its viability for remaining here, and that is only in part based off its current content. Master Thief Garrett 06:39, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Islamofascism, NOT List of political epithets, as per Meelar. Master Thief Garrett 06:39, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep And allow for organic growth. He;s just started writing the article, let it develop . Supressing Islamofascism and Islamic fascism reeks of obscurantism and Political Correctness . Klonimus 07:45, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * nonono, how are those two articles different? Aren't they pseudonyms? If not then the article is very very valid, if not then it should be a redirect. Do you understand? I hope so. And, technically, Wikipedia isn't supposed to give a damn about being PC, we have all sorts of contentious content here. Master Thief Garrett 07:50, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * My understanding of what he is trying to do, is thay Islamic fascism is about Islamic Fascist's, I.e muslim units fighting for the Axis, Grand Mufti and friends etc. Islamofascism is about post 9/11 use of that term to describe totalitiarian islamism. The current edit wars and acrimony from the Pro Islamic side are just clouding things. Klonimus 07:59, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or merge with Islamofascism and redirect to it. ObsidianOrder 11:07, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Islamic Fascism and Islamofascism are distinct subjects deserving of separate articles. And please people - try to keep your comments coherent and to the point. --Centauri 12:25, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Please, someone, please WHY ARE THEY DIFFERENT?!? Come on, no-one has yet clearly said the difference. Can you say it in like 50 words or less? Is it like what Klonimus said, or something different??? Master Thief Garrett 12:43, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 'Delete. Starting by calling Al Qaeda fascist, as a given, begs all the questions. The current article is hardly retrievable as encyclopedic, even though it is not otherwise without interest. Charles Matthews 13:09, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Childish, strongly PoV nonsense.  We're an encyclopædia, not a soapbox for anti-Islamic propagandists. Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 13:14, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Good for AntiMuslimopedia but should be deleted from Wikipedia. I mean, really, would we write articles with titles like X is a fuckhead (insert your own X) just because somebody calls them a fuckhead in a screed? There is no "Islamic fascism". Al Qaeda don't identify as fascists and they don't pursue anything like a fascist ideology. Perhaps the editors who are so intent on pushing this anti-Muslim bollocks should try finding out what they do believe in?Grace Note 13:49, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Do whatever is done with Islamofascism, which looks like it will be a merge and redirect. —Charles P. (Mirv) 15:29, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as POV fork of Islamofascism. - Mustafaa 21:48, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * As I'm not voting, I'll take some liberty and comment on the above if that's OK. This is a sensitive area. Anything to do with religion, the Middle East etc. generally is. But my conern is the vitriolic approach of a few people who've commented above. I don't mind which way the vote goes, although I think it will end up being a good article incorporating many different perspectives and bringing together much information. But look at some of the words used above and ask whether insults and attacks actually achieve anything.

It seems to me that language like this will - whether intended to or not - exclude people who either don't like profanity or aren't as aggressive. I know I don't appreciate it, I may have asked for it by being bold enough to write an article on such a topic but I think anyone familiar with dispute resolution knows that screaming (or its virtual equiv.) and profanity and aggressive language generally only inflames disputes beyond what they originally were. Because of that, I believe comments of the kind I've listed are really unhelpful and unproductive. Just my opinion but I hope someone listens. Walkingeagles 17:46, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Just to let you know, writing in bold is the common procedure for distinguishing a vote (not that I'm excusing the other behavior). So I'm voting give this article the same treatment as Islamofascism whatever it may be. --Dmcdevit 20:08, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, agree with Centauri for once. Megan1967 03:23, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete: Does not contribute to "human knowlege" also wrong median for image. see Images and media for deletion . --35.11.176.234 00:56, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge. As long as Walkingeagles and Centauri couldn't come up with a formal explanation about the difference between Islamofascism and Islamic Fascism, this article should definetly be merged with Islamofascism. The distinction, if it exists, must also be mentionned clearly at the top of this article. Otherwise, I will be voting for a Delete. --Svest 03:40, Apr 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge and redirect to Islamofascism unless Islamofascism gets redirected or deleted, in which case the same should happen here as well. -Sean Curtin 00:19, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete *SIGH* This is just an attempt by people who dont think that Islamofascism is an epiteth to express their political views. If Islamofascism survives the VfD then redirect to there, otherwise kill it. Dalf | Talk 07:39, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete or at the very least merge with Islamofascism. Bad enough that there's one article. Two is simply redundant - i.e. it covers exactly the same ground.--Lee Hunter 15:56, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete concur with LeeHunter.66.218.25.111 00:23, 5 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as POV fork of Islamofascism. BrandonYusufToropov 21:01, 7 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete agree with BrandonYusufToropov Stancel 15:23, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

Comments
Do not vote in this section!
 * I've just removed a section that's clearly inappropriate (consisting of claims about what U.S. white supremacists think of Islamic groups, and a long quotation from a journalist about one person who's Muslim and a fascist), together with a couple of other unsubstantiated claims.  I've also reordered the text to flow more smoothly, and corrected a number of internal links.  If the article could stay like this, or develop along these lines (though it's difficult to know what else there is to be said), it would at least be NPoV; I could even bring myself to vote for its retention. Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:19, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I was kinda attached to the CNN reference because it was Sat night's show that got me thinking about the topic but you make a good argument and others have made too about it being separate so am persuaded to agree. The issue of Aryan nation lusting after al Qaeda might deserve another article although I can promise this much, it won't be me writing it! I am going to write about quieter subjects, haven't had one edit, revert, attack, bollock or fuckhead reference over at my Anti-Cruelty Society article. Much more my speed. Walkingeagles 11:08, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Just so people are clear on what it being voted upon.
Klonimus 05:38, 3 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Islamofascism Term used to describe totalitarian Islamism. (Survivied VfD)
 * Islamic fascism Term used to describe actual muslim fascists. I.e Bosnian SS Units, Grand Mufti, etc.

Since one of the claims about Islamofascism is that its article attempted to make connections between Islam and Fascism that some editors thought to be non factual. How ever no intelectually honest person denies that that Bosnian SS Units and the Grand Mufti existed. Hence the need for an article on Islamic Fascism.

I urge people to think about the encyclopedic nature of the topic of historical and current Islamist alliences with fascists. I the 'article in its current form needs serious work to address this issue, but that does not detract from its encyclopedic character and worthyness of inclusion in a great encyclopaedia. Klonimus 05:38, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you. That is exactly what I was wanting to know three days ago. Finally someone has answered it clearly and concisely. I will reconsider my vote. Thank you! Master Thief Garrett 22:56, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Great job Klonimus. Does anybody else agree about the definitions? Walkingeagles, do you agree or disagree about that? I would agree about the definition given to Islamic fascism though I remember the picture of the Grand Mufti shinning on Islamofascism instead. Do we remember that Klonimus?
 * I totally disagree about the one defining Islamofascism. Does it mean that every totalitarian regime or doctrine would be considered fascist? Does it imply that the Soviet Union under Stalin would have been called Fascist Soviet Union??!
 * Whatever the answer is, why not than have the Islamofascism article renamed Totalitarian Islam instead? It is really confusing!
 * After all, from where have we got the definitions? --Svest 00:06, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * I would support renaming this article Totalitarian Islam or perhaps Totalitarianism in Islam would be a more neutral name. I just really really think that the word fascism and its deratives have been made so ambiguous through constant misuse that they are not at all encyclopedic unless the article is about the term.  As this article is not about the term and is not really about fascism but rather several flavors of Totalitarianism some of which might contain some aspects which may relate to fascism.  In any event a name change would increase its chances of surviving this VfD (I think). Dalf | Talk 07:05, 3 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, it's quite confusing, Dalf. You voted delete on Americofascism. You haven't suggested to redirect it or rename it to American Fascism or something else as you are preaching for this article. If we follow your reasoning above talking about the misuse of the term fascism, we would assume that we will be ending having 100 plus articles of Islam. What would be a difference between Islamofascism and Totalitarian Islam? IMHO, this article is just a mirror of Islamofascism. Why not merge them? Or do you agree about the classification of klominus? Cheers and respect Svest 07:29, May 3, 2005 (UTC) Wiki me up

 * You could be right. The truth is I think all of these articles are problematic.  I voted delete on Americofascism because I did/do not think it is a real term.  That and it was an obvious WP:POINT violation.  Also note that I voted delete here as well ... I am just sort of thinking out loud down here in the comments.  As to the confusion you mention, redirecting any article to a title with the word fascism is IMHO a bad idea.  Other the word inflames emotions, and even when used correctly it is ambiguous because of the cultural and vernacular history associated with it.  My comments here about moving things should be seen as saying "if there is appropriate content for any of these article I think a better title can be chosen".  That goes for articles about criticism of or reactions to American foreign policy as well.  All in all I still stand my my original statement that I made in my vote *SIGH* Dalf | Talk 09:16, 3 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I see an agreement with what you explained. I think, if someone wants to denote a fascist, he should simply use "fascist" and then if needed stipulate the religion or the nationality. The vast majority of Muslims are not fascists. Any religion, creed or philosophy can be perverted and twisted to meet extreme aims. Therefore, the term Islamic Fascism can be used as Italian Fascism, Spanish Fascism, American Facsisms, etc... As replied to Klonimus about his ignorant and personal definitions, I disagree totally about the term Islamofascism. The term 'Islamofascism' will need a book length theorisation by somebody who knows the subject inside out before it can be used in serious political discourse, rather than knockabout polemic.
 * For instance, Klonimus wants to reserve it for a specific strand of Wahabbism. Yet the parallel between reactionary Islam and fascism is to my mind best illustrated by the Iranian revolution. Those events met many of the classical criteria that differentiate fascism proper from other types of authoritarianism, such as military dictatorship or peronism. It was - and still is - a regime of crisis, built on the mass mobilisation of the middle class to crush an insurgent workers' movement. Yet it is, of course, 100% shiite.
 * But even though I'm picking Klonimus up on this point, I'm not claiming deep enough knowledge to pontificate with authority. Until a useful definition can be established - assuming that it can be - the term should be used with utmost care. Especially by jobbing hacks who lack any expert perspective. Cheers and respect Svest 13:43, May 3, 2005 (UTC) Wiki me up

Wasn't this deleted a few days ago?
I thought the vote for this article was already closed and it was to be deleted, why is it back again?Yuber 02:26, 1 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I think you're confusing it with Votes for deletion/Islamofascism. Or maybe not. Master Thief Garrett 03:17, 1 May 2005 (UTC)
 * You really have to organise your X-rated fascism articles' database. Or maybe you need a wikivacation Yuber. Think about it! ;-) Svest 04:05, May 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * LOL, no, I distinctly remember this article being deleted. Check the edit history, there were no edits for 4 days.  Is it possible that there was some furtive action to reinstate this article after deletion?  Perhaps someone had relocated it to a subpage and then moved it here after it was deleted.  After all, when you move a page, no history of it being moved is recorded.  Yuber 06:02, 1 May 2005 (UTC)
 * That may be right. I think that people are still busy with the other one; the one by one rule, I suppose. One of the reasons that there has been no edit for 4 days might be that this article is being forgotten on the basis that it is being clear that this one is just a mirror for Islamofascism. Cheers -Svest 06:43, May 1, 2005 (UTC)

It might be partly the result of the article (and Islamofascism having been blanked, and a "pendingdeletion" template added. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 10:03, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Paxton Boys

The Paxton Boys, also known as the Paxtang Boys or the Paxton Rangers, were a mob of settlers that murdered 20 unarmed Conestoga in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in December 1763. This group of vigilantes from Lancaster and Cumberland counties formed in 1763 to defend themselves from Indigenous attacks during Pontiac's War. The Paxton Boys justified their actions by claiming that the Conestoga were colluding with the Lenape and Shawnee who were attacking Pennsylvania's frontier settlements. According to historian Kevin Kenny, the Paxton Boys were Pennsylvania's most aggressive colonists.

In February 1764, the Paxton Boys marched on Philadelphia with the intent of murdering the Moravian Lenape and Mohican who had been moved to that city for their protection. However, the marchers dispersed at Germantown after meeting with a delegation headed by Benjamin Franklin. Members of the group led by Lazarus Stewart later supported settlers from Connecticut in the Wyoming Valley during the Pennamite-Yankee Wars and the Revolutionary War.

Formation
The Paxton Boys were drawn from Scots-Irish Presbyterians who lived in the hill country northwest of Lancaster and across the Susquehanna River in Cumberland County. Many of these settlers were squatters encroaching on Indigenous territory. As a result, their scattered farms were targeted during the French and Indian War and Pontiac's War by the Lenape and Shawnee.

Reverend John Elder, who was the parson at Paxtang, was a dominant Presbyterian figure on the Pennsylvania frontier. He was known as the "Fighting Parson" and kept his rifle in the pulpit when he delivered his sermons. In the spring of 1763, Elder recruited 110 associators to defend against Lenape and Shawnee attacks. Elder realized that he did not have enough men to mount an effective defense, but he was unable to convince the Pennsylvania government to allow his rangers to take offensive action.

Citing their Presbyterian faith, the leaders of the Paxton Boys declared that the "Indians" were "Canaanites" and needed to be destroyed. The Paxton Boys struggled with the idea of "friendly" indigenous groups and insisted that “the distinction between 'friendly' and 'enemy' Indians was invalid. All Indians were enemies and must be treated accordingly.” The Paxton Boys also despised some Whites, especially the pacifist "English Quakers and German Moravians [whom] they believed ... jeopardized the security of the backcountry.”

The Conestoga
In the late 1680s, a remnant group of Susquehannock who had been living among the Seneca returned to their traditional homeland in the lower Susquehanna River valley. They established a village north of the Conestoga River near the confluence with the Susquehanna River, where they later were joined by several Seneca families. By 1697, the village had an estimated population of 132. Most inhabitants were of Susquehannock and Seneca heritage, but some Cayuga and Oneida were also present. Collectively they became known as the Conestoga.

From this group William Penn acquired a deed for the Susquehannock's traditional territory in 1700. A treaty in 1701 confirmed the ownership transfer but also recognized the right of the Conestoga to continue to live on and use the land.

Conestoga Town became a small but noteworthy Indigenous settlement. A major fur-trading center in the early 18th century, it was the site of many negotiations and treaties between colonial governments and various Indigenous groups. Its importance, however, declined in the 1730s due to the influx of European settlers. By this time Seneca had become the dominant language, with only a few Conestoga still able to speak the "ancient tongue." The population shrank as some families migrated west to the Ohio Country or returned north to the Iroquois homeland. In 1718, Provincial Secretary James Logan ordered a 16,000-acre tract of land that encompassed the village surveyed. Known as Conestoga Manor, the tract was held by William Penn and his heirs but set aside for the use of the Conestoga. In 1730, a group of Scots-Irish squatters occupied Conestoga Manor, declaring that it was "against the Laws of God and Nature that so much Land Should lie idle while so many Christians wanted it to labour on and raise their Bread." Although the squatters were promptly evicted, the Penn family began to sell off portions of Conestoga Manor, eventually leaving the Conestoga with less than 500 acres.

The Conestoga remained neutral during the Seven Years' War and Pontiac's War. Although they had lived peacefully with their colonial neighbors for decades, they were no longer able to support their families by hunting for fear of being mistaken for hostile warriors. They bartered brooms and baskets, fished, and tended their gardens, but increasingly they depended on gifts of clothing and rations from the Pennsylvania government. The population continued to decline; by 1763, only seven men, five women, and eight children remained at Conestoga Town.

Attack on the Conestoga
Tenseedaagua (Will Sock), a prominent member of the Conestoga, became a target of the Paxton Boys due to unsubstantiated claims that he was providing aid and intelligence to the Lenape and Shawnee. Matthew Smith, along with five companions, decided to visit Conestoga Town and investigate. Upon their return, Smith claimed that he had seen "dozens of strange, armed Indians" in the little village. Elder sent a written message to dissuade any violence, but it had little effect.

At daybreak on December 14, 1763, roughly 50 Paxton Boys attacked Conestoga Town, killed and scalped the six Conestoga they found there, and set the buildings ablaze.

Will Sock was one of fourteen Conestoga who had been away from Conestoga Town when the attack occurred. He and the others were given refuge in the Lancaster workhouse. Angry that many of the Conestoga had escaped, the Paxton Boys rode into Lancaster two weeks later. Elder appeared before the angry mob and tried to restrain them, but to little effect. On December 27, 1763, under the leadership of Smith and Stewart, the Paxton Boys broke into the workhouse and killed, scalped, and dismembered all fourteen of the surviving Conestoga, including the women and children.

William Henry, a resident of Lancaster, described the aftermath:

"I saw a number of people running down [the] street towards the gaol, which enticed me and other lads to follow them. At about sixty or eighty yards from the gaol, we met from twenty-five to thirty men, well mounted on horses, and with rifles, tomahawks, and scalping knives, equipped for murder. I ran into the prison yard, and there, O what a horrid sight presented itself to my view!!—Near the back door of the prison, lay an old Indian and his [wife], particularly well known and esteemed by the people of the town, on account of his placid and friendly conduct. His name was Will Sock; across him and his [wife] lay two children, of about the age of three years, whose heads were split with the tomahawk, and their scalps all taken off. Towards the middle of the gaol yard, along the west side of the wall, lay a stout Indian, whom I particularly noticed to have been shot in the breast, his legs were chopped with the tomahawk, his hands cut off, and finally a rifle ball discharged in his mouth; so that his head was blown to atoms, and the brains were splashed against, and yet hanging to the wall, for three or four feet around. This man's hands and feet had also been chopped off with a tomahawk. In this manner lay the whole of them, men, women and children, spread about the prison yard: shot—scalped—hacked—and cut to pieces."

Following this second attack, Governor John Penn offered a substantial reward for the capture of the ringleaders involved in the massacre, but none were ever identified. Many of the residents of Lancaster County expressed sympathy towards the Paxton Boys, so no arrests occurred.

In Philadelphia, however, many people were outraged about the murders, describing the massacre as more savage than those committed by Native Americans. Benjamin Franklin's "Narrative of the Late Massacres" noted that the Conestoga would have been safe "among any other people on earth, no matter how primitive, except 'the Christian white savages' of Peckstang and Donegall!"

Elder, who was not directly implicated in either attack, wrote to Governor Penn on January 27, 1764:

"The storm which had been so long gathering, has, at length, exploded. Had Government removed the Indians, which had been frequently, but without effect, urged, this painful catastrophe might have been avoided. What could I do with men heated to madness? All that I could do was done. I expostulated; but life and reason were set at defiance. Yet the men in private life are virtuous and respectable; not cruel, but mild and merciful. The time will arrive when each palliating circumstance will be weighed. This deed, magnified into the blackest of crimes, shall be considered as one of those ebullitions of wrath, caused by momentary excitement, to which human infirmity is subjected."

March on Philadelphia
A month before the Conestoga Massacre, the peaceable Moravian Lenape and Mohican who lived near Bethlehem had been moved to Province Island near Philadelphia for their protection. Following the massacre Governor Penn ordered a relocation to New York. The governor of New York, however, refused to accept the refugees, and they were forced back to Philadelphia, where they were housed in the city barracks.

In February 1764, the Paxton Boys and their followers, a few hundred in total, marched on Philadelphia intending to "put to death all the Indians in the Barracks." Rumors placed the number much higher. Penn appointed Franklin to organize a volunteer militia. Franklin quickly raised six companies of infantry, one of artillery, and two of cavalry. Included in the ranks of the citizenry were a substantial number of the normally pacifistic Quakers.

On February 5, the Paxton Boys entered Germantown, a village six miles northwest of Philadelphia. A resident of the town, David Rittenhouse, described the occupation: "I have seen hundreds of Indians traveling the country, and can with truth affirm, that the behavior of these fellows was ten times more savage and brutal than theirs.” The Paxton Boys, he wrote, paraded through the streets, “frightening women, by running the muzzles of their guns through windows, swearing and hallooing: attacking men without the least provocation; dragging them by their hair to the ground, and pretending to scalp them.”

The Paxton Boys halted their march in Germantown after learning about the sizable force that was prepared to meet them in Philadelphia. Seeking an end to the situation, Penn appointed Franklin to lead a delegation to meet with the Paxton Boys. On February 7, after a day of negotiations, they agreed to disperse and to submit their grievances in writing.

Two documents were submitted. The Declaration justified the killing of the Conestoga, criticized the government's failure to establish a scalp bounty, and accused the government of favoring the indigenous population over the colonists. The Remonstrance repeated the accusation of favouritism and the demand for a scalp bounty, but also insisted that the Moravian Lenape and Mohican were enemies of Pennsylvania. According to the authors of the Remonstrance, "all Indians were perfidious and deserving of annihilation during wartime." The documents were submitted to Governor Penn and the Assembly; however, the only action taken was the creation of a scalp bounty later that year.

The Black Boys
Although a reward was issued, none of the Paxton Boys were ever held accountable for the Conestoga Massacre. The reluctance of the Pennsylvania government to prosecute the perpetrators resulted in a climate in which it became acceptable to murder Indigenous people. Benjamin Franklin wrote, "the Spirit of killing all Indians, Friends and Foes, spread amazingly thro' the whole Country."

The most notorious incident was the January 1768 murder of ten Lenape and Mohicans, including women and children, by Frederick Stump and John Ironcutter in Cumberland County. Stump and Ironcutter were arrested, but an armed mob broke into the Carlisle jail and freed them. Stump escaped to Georgia and served under Francis Marion during the Revolutionary War.

The Paxton Boys emboldened attacks not only by individuals but by groups such as the Black Boys, led by James Smith. In March 1765 at Sideling Hill, Smith and his followers attacked a pack train moving goods intended for the Native trade to Fort Pitt. Included among the blankets, shirts, beads, and liquor were "war goods" such as vermillion, lead, tomahawks, and scalping knives. The attackers burned the goods, and because they had blackened their faces to disguise their identities, they became known as the Black Boys.

Another attack followed in May on a pack train transporting goods for the garrison at Fort Pitt. When British soldiers from Fort Loudoun went to investigate, they were fired upon but suffered no casualties. Fort Loudoun was later besieged when the British commander refused to return confiscated weapons. Much like the Paxton Boys, none of the Black Boys were ever indicted.

Pennamite-Yankee War
The Wyoming Valley, located along the North Branch of the Susquehanna River in Northeastern Pennsylvania, was claimed by both Pennsylvania and Connecticut. In 1768, Pennsylvania acted upon its claim and hired land speculator Amos Ogden to bring in settlers and defend the valley against intruders from Connecticut. At the same time the directors of Connecticut's Susquehanna Company voted to send forty settlers to the valley. These competing land claims triggered the Pennamite-Yankee War.

Ogden arrived in the valley in January 1769 and established a fort which became known as Fort Ogden. In February, the settlers from Connecticut arrived, followed a few months later by a second group led by John Durkee. As a counter to Fort Ogden, the newcomers constructed fortified houses surrounded by a stockade which they named Fort Durkee. In November, however, Ogden captured Fort Durkee and expelled or arrested most of the Connecticut settlers.

Meanwhile the Susquehanna Company began offering land to disaffected Pennsylvanians. In December 1769, Lazurus Stewart agreed to bring the Paxton Boys to the Wyoming Valley in exchange for land. Two months later, Stewart accompanied by Susquehanna Company agent Zebulon Butler and about forty of the Paxton Boys set out for the Wyoming Valley. They captured and razed Fort Ogden, plundered and destroyed the houses of Pennsylvania settlers, and reoccupied Fort Durkee.

In September 1770, a surprise assault by Pennsylvanian forces under Ogden retook Fort Durkee. Three months later, Stewart, having twice escaped arrest in Lancaster County, returned with the Paxton Boys and recaptured the fort. A month later, Ogden's forces reentered the valley, besieged Fort Durkee, and began construction of Fort Wyoming. Their demand for the Paxton Boys to surrender was rebuked. During the siege, a third attempt was made to arrest Stewart, during which Nathan Ogden, the brother of Amos Ogden, was ambushed and killed. Stewart abandoned Fort Durkee and escaped to Connecticut with several of his followers.

The victorious Pennsylvanians destroyed Fort Durkee and took control of the Wyoming Valley. In early July 1771, however, one hundred men under Butler and Stewart returned and laid siege to Fort Wyoming. Ogden slipped through the lines at night and obtained reinforcements in Philadelphia. Stewart ambushed the relief force but most managed to reach the fort. After a month-long siege, Fort Wyoming capitulated, and for the next four years the Wyoming Valley enjoyed relative peace.

The Pennamite-Yankee War resumed in 1775, when a Pennsylvania force of several hundred men under Colonel William Plunket approached the Wyoming Valley from the south. Connecticut raised a militia of four hundred men under Butler, and a confrontation took place over two days at Christmas. Stewart, with twenty men, ambushed the Pennsylvanians on Christmas Eve as they attempted to cross to the east side of the Susquehanna under cover of darkness. On Christmas Day, Plunket attacked Butler's position on the west side of the river but was forced to withdraw.

Revolutionary War
The Paxton Boys still in Lancaster County and those with Lazarus Stewart in the Wyoming Valley sided with the Patriots during the American Revolution.

In late June 1778, a strong force of Loyalist troops and Iroquois under Major John Butler approached the Wyoming Valley from the north. In response, a Patriot militia headed by Lieutenant Colonel Zebulon Butler, who was home on leave from the Continental Army at the time, assembled at Forty Fort. Colonel Butler favored delay, as he anticipated the arrival of reinforcements, but Stewart (who had taken over command of the company from Hanover Township) insisted that they should immediately attack and drive off the enemy. The militia and a company of Continentals marched out on July 3, 1778, and encountered the enemy a few miles upriver. During the Battle of Wyoming, a flanking maneuver by the Iroquois panicked the militia and routed them. Stewart died in the battle. The men who were wounded or taken prisoner as they fled the battlefield were killed by the Iroquois in what is commonly known as the Wyoming Massacre.

In fiction
Each of these books references the Paxton Boys:
 * The Light in the Forest (1953) by Conrad Richter
 * Mason & Dixon (1997) by Thomas Pynchon
 * Conestoga Winter: A Story of Border Vengeance (2013) by Robert J. Shade
 * The Amish Seamstress (2013) by Mindy Starns Clark and Leslie Gould
 * Ghost River: The Fall & Rise of the Conestoga (2019) by Lee Francis 4 and Weshoyot Alvitre

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Paxton Boys


text:
Machinal

Machinal is a 1928 play by American playwright and journalist Sophie Treadwell, inspired by the real-life case of convicted and executed murderer Ruth Snyder. Its Broadway premiere, directed by Arthur Hopkins, is considered one of the highpoints of Expressionist theatre in history of the American stage.

Machinal has appeared on a variety of lists of the greatest plays.

Synopsis
A young woman works as a low-level stenographer and lives with her mother. She follows the rituals that society expects of a woman, however resistant she may feel about them. She subsequently marries her boss, whom she finds repulsive. After having a baby with him, she has an affair with a younger man who fuels her lust for life. Driven to murder her husband, she is convicted of the crime and is executed in the electric chair.

Production
Produced and directed by Arthur Hopkins, Machinal opened on Broadway at the Plymouth Theatre on September 7, 1928, and closed on November 24, 1928, after 91 performances. The scenic design was by Robert Edmond Jones, who used an open stage with a permanent background and made scene changes primarily with lighting. The play is presented in two parts, with ten scenes in the first and four in the second. The production is notable for featuring Clark Gable in his Broadway debut.

Cast

 * Zita Johann as A Young Woman
 * Millicent Green as A Telephone Girl
 * Grace Atwell as A Stenographer
 * Leopold Badia as A Filing Clerk
 * Conway Washburn as An Adding Clerk and A Reporter
 * Jean Adair as A Mother
 * George Stillwell as A Husband
 * Otto Frederick as A Bellboy and A Court Reporter
 * Nancy Allan as A Nurse
 * Monroe Childs as A Doctor
 * Hal K. Dawson as A Young Man and Third Reporter
 * Zenaide Ziegfeld as A Girl
 * Jess Sidney as A Man
 * Clyde Stork as A Boy
 * Clark Gable as A Man
 * Hugh M. Hite as Another Man and Second Reporter
 * John Hanley as A Waiter, A Bailiff and A Jailer
 * Tom Waters as A Judge
 * John Connery as A Lawyer for Defense
 * James Macdonald as A Lawyer for Prosecution
 * Mrs. Charles Willard as A Matron
 * Charles Kennedy as A Priest

In Britain, the play was first performed under the title The Life Machine in 1931.

Reception
"It was unfortunate that word was sent broadcast before the first performance of Machinal that its theme and characters grew out of the notorious Snyder-Gray murder case," wrote Perriton Maxwell, editor of Theatre Magazine. "The play bears no likeness to the sordid facts of that cheap tragedy...Machinal transcends the drab drama of the police court; it has a quality one finds it difficult to define, a beauty that cannot be conveyed in words, an aliveness and reality tinctured with poetic pathos which lift it to the realm of great art, greatly conceived and greatly presented." Calling Machinal "the most enthralling play of the year," Maxwell attributed the play's success to "three remarkable persons: Sophie Treadwell, Arthur Hopkins and Zita Johann."

"From the sordid mess of a brutal murder the author, actors and producer of Machinal … have with great skill managed to retrieve a frail and sombre beauty of character," wrote theatre critic Brooks Atkinson of The New York Times. "Subdued, monotonous, episodic, occasionally eccentric in its style, Machinal is fraught with a beauty unfamiliar to the stage." Atkinson describes the play as "the tragedy of one who lacks strength; she is not adaptable; she submits...Being the exposition of a character, stark and austere in style, Machinal makes no excuses for the tragedy it unfolds."

Adaptations and later productions
The play has been revived many times since its original run.

Adapted for television by Irving Gaynor Neiman, Machinal was presented January 18, 1954, on NBC-TV's Robert Montgomery Presents. Reviewing the starring performance of Joan Lorring, Jack Gould of The New York Times wrote that "her interpretation of the mentally tortured young woman in Machinal, Sophie Treadwell's expressionistic and bitter poem for the theatre, must rank among the video season's finest accomplishments." The cast also included Malcolm Lee Beggs as the husband.

An adaptation of Machinal aired August 14, 1960, on ITV the United Kingdom in the ABC Armchair Theatre series. Joanna Dunham starred, with Donald Pleasence portraying the husband.

Machinal was produced Off-Broadway at the Gate Theatre, opening in April 1960, with direction by Gene Frankel, and featuring Delores Sutton, Vincent Gardenia, and Gerald O'Loughlin. In his review in The New York Times, Brooks Atkinson wrote "Gene Frankel has added modernistic details that visualize the inhumanity of the background... Ballou's cold settings, Lee Watson's macabre lighting complete the design of one of Off-Broadway's most vibrant performances."

The play was produced Off-Broadway by the New York Shakespeare Festival at the Public Theatre, running from September 25, 1990 to November 25, 1990. Directed by Michael Greif, the cast featured Jodie Markell (Young Woman), John Seitz (Husband), and Marge Redmond (Mother). The production won three Obie Awards: for Performance (Jodie Markell), Direction, and Design (John Gromada).

Machinal was revived by the Royal National Theatre in London in a production directed by Stephen Daldry. It opened on 15 October 1993 with Fiona Shaw as the Young Woman, Ciarán Hinds as the Man, and John Woodvine as the Husband. The scenic design, which included a large metal grid that moved into different positions for the play's different scenes, was by Ian MacNeil, costumes were by Clare Mitchell, lighting design was by Rick Fisher, with music by Stephen Warbeck.

A revival opened on Broadway in a Roundabout Theatre production at the American Airlines Theatre on January 16, 2014, directed by   Lyndsey Turner, featuring Rebecca Hall, Michael Cumpsty, Suzanne Bertish and Morgan Spector.

A new production opened at the Almeida Theatre in London on June 4, 2018, directed by Natalie Abrahami.

Machinal ran at the 1,000 seat Old Vic Theatre in London from April - June 2024, starring Rosie Sheehey as Young Woman.

Legacy
Machinal was included in Burns Mantle's The Best Plays of 1928–29.

In 2013, Machinal was included on Entertainment Weekly's list of the "50 Greatest Plays of the Past 100 Years".

In 2015, theatre critic Michael Billington included the play in his list of the "101 greatest plays" ever written in any western language.

In 2019, Machinal was named as one of the "40 best plays of all time" by The Independent.

In 2020, Machinal was included on BroadwayWorld's list of the "101 GREATEST PLAYS of the Past 100 Years".

Accolades

The Royal National Theatre production won three 1994 Laurence Olivier Awards, for Best Revival of a Play or Comedy, for Fiona Shaw as Best Actress and Stephen Daldry as Best Director of a Play. Ian MacNeil was nominated as Best Set Designer.

The 2014 Broadway production received four 2014 Tony Award nominations: Best Scenic Design of a Play (Es Devlin), Best Costume Design of a Play (Michael Krass), Best Lighting Design of a Play (Jane Cox) and Best Sound Design of a Play (Matt Tierney).

title: Machinal


text:
User talk:Warlockgruffles

(Sorry, I guess nobody has sent you a welcome message yet, so here it is...)

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Zzyzx11 | Talk 06:01, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Warlockgruffles


text:
SLNS Vijayabahu (P627)

SLNS Vijayabahu (P627) (විජයබාහු) is an Advanced Offshore Patrol Vessel of the Sri Lanka Navy. The ship is named after King Vijayabahu I, the warrior king of the medieval Sri Lanka who founded the Kingdom of Polonnaruwa.

Formerly, USCGC Douglas Munro (WHEC-724) and USCGC  Munro (WHEC-724), a High Endurance Cutter of the United States Coast Guard, named for Signalman First Class Douglas A. Munro (1919–1942), the only Coast Guardsman to be awarded the Medal of Honor.

Munro was commissioned on September 27, 1971, at Avondale Shipyard in New Orleans, Louisiana. The tenth of twelve 378 ft cutters, she was the first to be named after a Coast Guard hero. The previously commissioned 378-footers had been named for former secretaries of the Treasury, a tradition that began in 1830 when a cutter was named for Alexander Hamilton. Secretary of Transportation John A. Volpe and Douglas Munro's mother, Edith, were on hand to commission Munro. The ship's original complement included 17 officers and 143 enlisted men.

Douglas Munro was placed into In-Commission Special Status on March 31, 2021, beginning the process of decommissioning the final Hamilton-class cutter. Douglas Munro was decommissioned on April 24, 2021 and was transferred to the Sri Lanka Navy on October 26, 2021 under pennant number P 627. She was commissioned by President Ranil Wickramasinghe on 20 November 2022 as SLNS Vijayabahu, becoming the second Hamilton-class cutter in Sri Lanka Navy.

1970s
The dedication of the ship took place on April 15, 1972, at Munro's first homeport of Boston, Massachusetts. Secretary Volpe attended the ceremony. The first commanding officer was Captain John T. Rouse. While operating out of Boston, the ship's original missions included ocean station patrol and search and rescue.

The stay in Boston was not to last long, however, as Munro shifted to a new homeport of Seattle, Washington, on August 29, 1973. The Seattle Post-Intelligencer hailed the arrival of "Two (Munro and USCGC Boutwell (WHEC-719)) of the newest, finest ships in the Coast Guard fleet." Seattle was also especially receptive to Munro because Douglas Munro himself had been a resident of Cle Elum, a small town in Washington State. While operating out of Seattle, Munro became more active in the fisheries enforcement mission and less active in the ocean station mission, which was quickly being made obsolete by technological advances. Alaskan fisheries were especially busy and controversial at this time. In 1971, for instance, the combined Japanese, Russian, Canadian, and South Korean fishing fleets had caught about ten times as many fish as the U.S. fleet did. Coast Guard action was badly needed to regulate the practices of these foreign fleets. Munro performed this mission with great success, including the seizure of the Korean longliner Dong Won No. 51 in June 1979.

1980s
In 1980, the ship moved to yet another new homeport: Honolulu, Hawaii. While conducting training with the Japan Coast Guard in 1983 Munro was called upon to aid in the rescue and salvage operations for Korean Air Flight 007 in the Sea of Japan. In 1986, Munro interdicted the motor vessel Line Island Trader, which had been attempting to enter the U.S. with 4.5 tons of marijuana. Later that same year, the ship underwent an extensive three-year Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization (FRAM) program. Weapons systems were upgraded and many portions of the cutter were remodeled. Upon being re-commissioned in November 1989, Munro was homeported at Coast Guard Island in Alameda, California.

1990s and 2000s
In 1997, the cutter seized the Russian fishing trawler Chernyayevo in the Bering Sea for violation of the Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Act of 1976, setting an important precedent for law enforcement along the U.S./Russia maritime boundary. In 1998, Munro intercepted the Chinese vessel Chih Yung, carrying 172 people attempting to illegally enter the U.S. In 1999, the cutter interdicted the fishing vessel Eduardo I, carrying 83 illegal Ecuadorian migrants. Also in 1998, Munro interdicted the Mexican vessel Xolescuintle, seizing 11.5 tons of cocaine, one of the largest drug seizures in Coast Guard history. In 1999, the cutter seized the motor vessel Wing Fung Lung, carrying 259 illegal Chinese migrants. In 2003, the cutter interdicted the fishing vessel Candy I with 4 tons of cocaine. In 2003, the cutter interdicted two "go-fast" boats with 2 tons of cocaine using warning shots across the bow of one with an MH-68 "Stingray" Helicopter Interdiction Tactical Squadron (HITRON). Munro traveled on turbines for 16 hours to intercept the second, using dead reckoning based on the suspect vessel's course and speed to find it. The crew of the second "go-fast" then proceeded to light their vessel on fire to destroy the bales on board the vessel, but Munro's crew quickly sank the vessel and later recovered approximately 139 bales of cocaine. Four traffickers were recovered with two needing medical assistance from Munro's corpsman.

From December 2004 to June 2005, Munro operated in the Persian Gulf with the Bonhomme Richard Expeditionary Strike Group. During the Out of Hemisphere patrol Munro contributed in the relief efforts of the 2004 tsunami providing food and water to Indonesia and later seizing a vessel overtaken by pirates off the Horn of Africa. In 2006 the cutter interdicted two "go-fast" boats working in tandem with 2 tons of cocaine using disabling shots with an MH-68 "Stingray" HITRON.

As of September 4, 2007, Munro was home-ported in Kodiak, Alaska.

On March 23, 2008, Munro rescued survivors of FV Alaska Ranger when it sank 180 mi west of Dutch Harbor. Munro deployed its HH-65 Dolphin helicopter to the sinking site, and received 20 of the surviving fishermen. The story of this rescue is detailed in Deadliest Sea: The Untold Story Behind the Greatest Rescue in Coast Guard History by Kalee Thompson. As Aviation Week & Space Technology states, "The USCG deems the operation the largest cold-water rescue in its history."

Munro was renamed to Douglas Munro to allow the new Legend-class cutter Munro, launched in 2015, to assume the former name of the Hamilton-class cutter.

Douglas Munro also made an appearance in an episode of the Discovery Channel series Deadliest Catch, conducting search and rescue operations following the loss of the fishing vessel Ocean Challenger. It was also featured in the BBC series Full Circle with Michael Palin in 1997, as the presenter was on the ship at the end of his documentary circumnavigation of the Pacific Rim.

Douglas Munro completed its final deployment on March 13, 2021. It was decommissioned on April 24, 2021 in a decommissioning ceremony held at Coast Guard Base Kodiak in Kodiak, Alaska.

Sri Lanka Navy
Following her decommissioning, she was transferred to the Sri Lanka Navy on October 26, 2021 at USCG Station Seattle, where she was assigned the pennant number P 627. She becomes the second Hamilton-class cutter to be transferred to the Sri Lanka Navy after USCGC Sherman. Like her sister ship, she retained her Otobreda 76 mm gun and MK 92 Fire Control System, while the Phalanx CIWS was removed and will be replaced with a rear mounted dual 23mm cannon. She underwent an extensive refit at Seattle before sailing to her new home in Sri Lanka, covering a long sea voyage of about 10656 nmi and transiting the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The ship finally arrived in Colombo on November 2, 2022. She was commissioned as SLNS Vijayabahuby President Ranil Wickramasinghe, in the presence of U.S. Ambassador to Sri Lanka Julie Chung on November 20, 2022.

In May 2023, she was deployed to the location of the Lu Peng Yuan Yu sinking with a team of divers to attempt a rescue. The operation didn't detect survivors but was able to recover several bodies.

title: SLNS Vijayabahu (P627)


text:
Ensign

Ensign most often refers to:

 * Ensign (flag), a flag flown on a vessel to indicate nationality
 * Ensign (rank), a navy (and former army) officer rank

Ensign or The Ensign may also refer to:

Places

 * Ensign, Alberta, Alberta, Canada
 * Ensign, Kansas
 * Ensign Lake, a lake in Minnesota
 * Ensign Peak, Utah
 * Ensign Township, Michigan
 * Ensign Township, North Dakota (near Glenburn)

Given name

 * Ensign Cottrell (1888–1947), American baseball player
 * Ensign Dickinson (1819–1897), American politician
 * Ensign H. Kellogg (1812–1882), American politician

Surname

 * Ensign (surname)

Transportation

 * Pearson Ensign, a class of full-keel sailboats
 * USS Ensign (SP-1051), a United States Navy patrol boat in commission from 1917 to 1919
 * Armstrong Whitworth Ensign, a class of British airliner, and the name of the first example
 * Ensignbus, a bus company in England
 * Ensign Manufacturing Company, a defunct railroad car manufacturing company in West Virginia

Music

 * Ensign (band), a hardcore punk band
 * Ensign (EP), the band's eponymous 1996 release
 * Ensign Records, British record label, now part of EMI

Newspapers and magazines

 * The Ensign (newspaper), a newspaper published by Allied Press serving Gore, New Zealand
 * Ensign (LDS magazine), a former magazine of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
 * The Ensign (USPS magazine), the official magazine of the United States Power Squadrons

Other uses

 * Ensign Racing, a defunct Formula One team
 * Ensign Energy Services, a Calgary-based oil well drilling and servicing company
 * The Ensign (video game), a text-based iOS video game
 * Ensign, the botanical author abbreviation for Margaret Ruth Ensign

title: Ensign


text:
Larissa Laskin

Larissa Laskin is a Canadian actress whose credits include the A&E original film, The Golden Spiders: A Nero Wolfe Mystery (2000).

Early life
Born Larissa Lapchinski, Laskin appeared under that name in a number of stage productions in the 1980s at the Stratford Festival in Ontario.

Career
Laskin debuted in My Secret Identity in the early 1990s. In 2002-2003, she co-starred as Dr. Rachel Griffen in the medical drama Body and Soul on the PAX network. She also appeared as a doctor held hostage by a father (Denzel Washington) in an attempt to save his son in John Q. She was nominated for a Gemini Award in 1995, 1998, and 2003.

Personal life
She is married to fellow Canadian actor Currie Graham.

title: Larissa Laskin


text:
User talk:Damon~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Burgundavia 06:02, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
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Fair use rationale for Image:DeakinUniversityoftheYear.gif
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Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Deakin University Logo.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Deakin University Logo.gif. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 20:26, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Mentoring
Well, I'd be happy to mentor you. Unfortunately I'm really busy right now with school and with working on some articles. I'd suggest speaking to Arbitrarily0, the person who mentored me, or HJ Mitchell who, while not officially a member of Adopt-a-User, is always willing to mentor you. I'm really sorry that I'm so busy. If you ever want though you can come to my talk page (User talk:1234r00t) and ask a question. Cheers,  Mr. R00t    Talk  23:29, 22 September 2010 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:54, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

Copyright problem: Australian Law Students' Association
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Thank you, and please feel welcome to continue contributing to Wikipedia. Happy editing! Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 14:52, 7 April 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Damon~enwiki


text:
User talk:Scienda

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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Zzyzx11 | Talk 06:02, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Webinar / edit-a-thon at the National Library of Medicine (NLM)
Join us at the NLM next week, either in person or online, to learn about NLM resources, hear some great speakers, and do some editing!

On Tuesday, 28 May there will be a community Wikipedia meeting at the United States National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland - with a second on Thursday, 30 May for those who can't make it on Tuesday. You can participate either in-person, or via an online webinar. If you attend in person, USB sticks (but not external drives) are ok to use.

Please go to the event page to get more information, including a detailed program schedule.

If you are interested in participating, please register by sending an email to pmhmeet@gmail.com. Please indicate if you are coming in person or if you will be joining us via the webinar. After registering, you will receive additional information about how to get to our campus (if coming in-person) and details about how to join the webinar. Klortho (talk) 05:40, 25 May 2013 (UTC)

Have time on Saturday?
I'm sorry for the last-minute notice, but on Saturday, June 8, from 3 to 6 PM, Wikimedia DC and the Cato Institute are hosting a Legislative Data Meetup. We will discuss the work done so far by WikiProject U.S. Federal Government Legislative Data to put data from Congress onto Wikipedia, as well as what more needs to be done. If you have ideas you'd like to contribute, or if you're just curious and feel like meeting up with other Wikipedians, you are welcome to come! Be sure to RSVP here if you're interested.

I hope to see you there!

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Harej (talk) 04:05, 6 June 2013 (UTC)

DC meetup & dinner on Saturday, June 15!
Please join Wikimedia DC for a social meetup and dinner at Vapiano (near Farragut North/Farragut West) on Saturday, June 15 at 5:30 PM. All Wikipedia/Wikimedia and free knowledge/culture enthusiasts, regardless of editing experience, are welcome to attend! All ages welcome!

For more information and to sign up, please see the meetup page. Hope to see you there! Kirill [talk] 19:35, 10 June 2013 (UTC)

Join us this Sunday for the Great American Wiknic!
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Harej (talk) 15:30, 19 June 2013 (UTC)

DC meetup & dinner on Saturday, July 13!
Please join Wikimedia DC for a social meetup and dinner at Vapiano (near Farragut North/Farragut West) on Saturday, July 13 at 6:00 PM. All Wikipedia/Wikimedia and free knowledge/culture enthusiasts, regardless of editing experience, are welcome to attend! All ages welcome!

For more information and to sign up, please see the meetup page. Hope to see you there! Kirill [talk] 00:10, 6 July 2013 (UTC)

DC meetup & dinner on Saturday, August 24!
Please join Wikimedia DC for a social meetup and dinner at Vapiano (near Farragut North/Farragut West) on Saturday, August 24 at 6:00 PM. All Wikipedia/Wikimedia and free knowledge/culture enthusiasts, regardless of editing experience, are welcome to attend! All ages welcome!

For more information and to sign up, please see the meetup page. Hope to see you there! Kirill [talk] 03:50, 8 August 2013 (UTC)

Are you free on Wednesday? Join us at the Wikimedia DC WikiSalon!
Wikimedia DC invites you to join us for our next DC WikiSalon, which will be held on the evening of Wednesday, August 24 at our K Street office.

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We look forward to seeing you there! Kirill [talk] 11:26, 19 August 2013 (UTC)

Meet up with local Wikipedians on September 14!
Are you free on Saturday, September 14? If so, please join Wikimedia DC and local Wikipedians for a social meetup and dinner at Vapiano (near Farragut North/Farragut West) at 6:00 PM. All Wikipedia/Wikimedia and free knowledge/culture enthusiasts, regardless of editing experience, are welcome to attend! All ages are welcome!

For more information and to sign up, please visit the meetup page. Hope to see you there! Kirill [talk] 18:43, 25 August 2013 (UTC)

Are you free next Thursday? Join us at the Wikimedia DC WikiSalon!
Wikimedia DC invites you to join us for our next WikiSalon, which will be held from 7 to 9 PM on Thursday, September 5 at our K Street office.

The WikiSalon is an informal gathering of Wikimedia enthusiasts, who come together to discuss the Wikimedia projects and collaboratively edit. There's no set agenda, and guests are welcome to recommend articles for the group to edit or edit on their own. Light refreshments will be provided.

We look forward to seeing you there! Kirill [talk] 14:42, 28 August 2013 (UTC)

Are you free next Thursday? Join us at the Wikimedia DC WikiSalon!
Wikimedia DC invites you to join us for our next WikiSalon, which will be held from 7 to 9 PM on Thursday, September 26 at our K Street office.

The WikiSalon is an informal gathering of Wikimedia enthusiasts, who come together to discuss the Wikimedia projects and collaboratively edit. There's no set agenda, and guests are welcome to recommend articles for the group to edit or edit on their own. Light refreshments will be provided.

We look forward to seeing you there! Kirill [talk] 05:38, 17 September 2013 (UTC)

Are you free on Sunday? Join us for a special Wikimedia DC WikiSalon!
Wikimedia DC invites you to join us for a special WikiSalon at the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Library's Digital Commons Center. We will gather at 3 PM on Sunday, October 13, 2013 to discuss an important topic: what can Wikipedia and the DC area do to help each other? We hope to hear your thoughts and suggestions; if you have an idea you would like to pursue, please let us know and we will help!

Following the WikiSalon, we will be having dinner at a nearby restaurant, Ella's Wood Fired Pizza.

If you're interested in attending, please sign up at the event page. We look forward to seeing you there! Kirill [talk] 01:57, 8 October 2013 (UTC)

Meetups coming up in DC!
Hey!

You are invited to two upcoming events in DC:

 * Meetup at Capitol City Brewery on Saturday, January 25 at 6 PM. Please join us for dinner, drinks, socializing, and discussing Wikimedia DC activities and events. All are welcome! RSVP on the linked page or through Meetup.
 * Art and Feminism Edit-a-Thon on Saturday, February 1 from Noon – 5 PM. Join us as we improve articles on notable women in history! All are welcome, regardless of age or level of editing experience. RSVP on the linked page or through Meetup.

I hope to see you there!

(Note: If you do not wish to receive talk page messages for DC meetups, you are welcome to remove your username from this page.)

Harej (talk) 00:07, 16 January 2014 (UTC)

Coming up in February!
Hello there!

Our February WikiSalon is coming up on Sunday, February 23. Join us at our gathering of Wikipedia enthusiasts at the Kogod Courtyard of the National Portrait Gallery with an optional dinner after. As usual, all are welcome. Care to join us?

Also, if you are available, there is an American Art Edit-a-thon being held at the Smithsonian American Art Museum with Professor Andrew Lih's COMM-535 class at American University on Tuesday, February 11 from 2 to 5 PM. Please RSVP on the linked page if you are interested.

If you have any ideas or preferences for meetups, please let us know at Wikipedia talk:Meetup/DC.

Thank you, and hope to see you at our upcoming events! Harej (talk) 18:42, 4 February 2014 (UTC)

DC Meetups in March
 Happy March!

Though we have a massive snowstorm coming up, spring is just around the corner! Personally, I am looking forward to warmer weather.

Wikimedia DC is looking forward to a spring full of cool and exciting activities. In March, we have coming up:

 * Evening WikiSalon on Wednesday, March 12 from 7 PM – 9 PM. Meet up with Wikipedians for coffee at the Cove co-working space in Dupont Circle! If you cannot make it in the evening, join us at our...
 * March Meetup on Sunday, March 23 from 3 PM – 6 PM. Our monthly weekend meetup, same place as last month. Meet really cool and interesting people!
 * Women in the Arts 2014 meetup and edit-a-thon on Sunday, March 30 from 10 AM – 5 PM. Our second annual Women in the Arts edit-a-thon, held at the National Museum of Women in the Arts. Free lunch will be served!

We hope to see you at our upcoming events! If you have any questions, feel free to ask on my talk page.

— Harej (talk) 05:11, 3 March 2014 (UTC)

An exciting month of wiki events!
 Hello there,

I am pleased to say that April will be a very exciting month for Wikipedia in Washington, DC. We have a lot of different events coming up, so you will have a lot to choose from.

First, a reminder that our second annual Women in the Arts Edit-a-Thon will take place on Sunday, March 30 at the National Museum of Women in the Arts.

Coming up in April, we have our first-ever Open Government WikiHack with the Sunlight Foundation on April 5–6! We are working together to use open government data to improve the Wikimedia projects, and we would love your help. All are welcome, regardless of coding or editing experience. We will also be having a happy hour the day before, with refreshments courtesy of the Sunlight Foundation.

On Friday, April 11 we are having our first edit-a-thon ever with the Library of Congress. The Africa Collection Edit-a-Thon will focus on the Library's African and Middle East Reading Room. It'll be early in the morning, but it's especially worth it if you're interested in improving Wikipedia's coverage of African topics.

The following day, we are having our second annual Wiki Loves Capitol Hill training. We will discuss policy issues relevant to Wikimedia and plan for our day of outreach to Congressional staffers that will take place during the following week.

There are other meetups in the works, so be sure to check our meetup page with the latest. I hope to see you at some of these events!

All the best, James Hare

(To unsubscribe, remove your username here.) 01:29, 26 March 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Scienda


text:
User talk:Thoughtclaw

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Zzyzx11 | Talk 06:02, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

chris rose addition to mu
Heyo, good job sticking Chris Rose on the MU article. I should've done it myself -- I worked at WMSR when he was station manager -- but it totally slipped my mind.--  — I. Neschek |  talk 00:55, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Thoughtclaw


text:
Uptown (newspaper)

Uptown (originally the Uptown Gazette) was an alternative weekly arts and entertainment newspaper in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Like most alternative weekly newspapers in Canada, Uptown includes articles regarding the arts and entertainment, CD reviews, concert reviews, book reviews and extensive current events listings. However, unlike others in its genre (such as Now Magazine, Voir and the Georgia Straight), Uptown generally does not provide any substantial coverage of current issues events apart from occasional columns concerning local news.

The Uptown Gazette originated as an independent newspaper, and its existence has at times been precarious. Briefly in the 1990s, it published a second newspaper, Uptown 2. During the late 1990s Uptown faced a challenge from several competing alternative weeklies, most notably from Perimeter magazine, but it emerged as the sole survivor. Uptown was purchased in 2005 by FP Newspapers, owners of the Winnipeg Free Press. Little about Uptown has changed since the acquisition, except for a relocation from its previous Exchange District offices to the suburban St. James area. In 2012 Uptown was transformed into a weekly supplement to the Winnipeg Free Press.

title: Uptown (newspaper)


text:
Kickin' Ass

"Kickin' Ass" is a song by industrial rock group KMFDM from their 1986 album What Do You Know, Deutschland?. All songs on the single are also on the 1991 and 2006 releases of the album. All tracks were recorded at Zitty Zound in Hamburg, Germany.

In 2008, KMFDM Records re-released this as a 7" vinyl single, limited to 250 copies. In 2010, the band released another version of the 7" release, also limited to 250 copies, which was sold with a bag that could hold all the 7" records from the complete 24/7 series of singles. This release featured a different colour scheme for the cover, and was pressed on red vinyl.

title: Kickin' Ass


text:
User talk:Dunkelza

(Sorry, nobody has sent you a welcome message yet, so here it is...)

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Zzyzx11 | Talk 06:04, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I enjoyed your New userpage's humor
That was funny! I am glad we got it cleared up. - Researcher 14:40, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Requests for comment on Researcher99's conduct
Is it possible for you to sign under the section Requests for comment/Researcher99 since you did try to resolve the dispute? Number 11 and 13 are instances where you tried to convince Researcher99 to provide an outline. Nereocystis 14:42, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:WestMassGreen.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:WestMassGreen.JPG. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the image qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Admrb♉ltz (T | C) 04:21, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

Cold iron
Hey, thanks for expanding Cold iron! I think you did a great job, but I'd still like to see the article cite some sources, and I haven't found any myself. Could you help out on that? Cheers, Melchoir 04:11, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

Reform movement
In your April 9, 2005 edit on Group marriage, you wrote "However, with the legalization of Same-sex marriage in some parts of the United States and Canada, the polyamory movement is talking about a reform movement to allow group marriage." This statement has been marked for lack of reference for over a month, as of today. Could you please explain your view on this and preferably bring a reference? If not, and with a lack of source, it might get deleted. --Liberlogos 01:12, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

Einherjar Translation
Hi, I commented on your Translation section in the Einherjar article. Hope that helps! Gyozilla (talk) 17:51, 27 May 2008 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:00, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Apple liberty.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Apple liberty.jpg. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file has agreed to release it under the given license.

If you are the copyright holder for this media entirely yourself but have previously published it elsewhere (especially online), please either
 * make a note permitting reuse under the CC-BY-SA or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
 * Send an email from an address associated with the original publication to permissions-en@wikimedia.org, stating your ownership of the material and your intention to publish it under a free license. You can find a sample permission letter here. If you take this step, add OTRS pending to the file description page to prevent premature deletion.

If you did not create it entirely yourself, please ask the person who created the file to take one of the two steps listed above, or if the owner of the file has already given their permission to you via email, please forward that email to permissions-en@wikimedia.org.

If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as non-free fair use or one of the other tags listed at File copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the file's use on the article or articles where it is included. See File copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log]. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. You may wish to read Wikipedia's image use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Kelly hi! 12:11, 2 December 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Omnitheism

The article Omnitheism has been proposed for deletion. The proposed deletion notice added to the article should explain why.

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on |the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. NJR4 (talk) 21:19, 4 June 2016 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Omnitheism

A tag has been placed on Omnitheism, requesting that it be deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under two or more of the criteria for speedy deletion, by which articles can be deleted at any time, without discussion. If the page meets any of these strictly-defined criteria, then it may be soon be deleted by an administrator. The reasons it has been tagged are:
 * It appears to be a repost of material that was previously deleted following a deletion debate, such as at articles for deletion. (See section G4 of the criteria for speedy deletion.) If an article has substantially identical content to that of an article deleted after debate, and any changes in the content do not address the reasons for which the material was previously deleted, it may be deleted at any time.
 * It consists of a dictionary definition or other article that has been transwikied to another project and the author information recorded. (See section A5 of the criteria for speedy deletion.)

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the deleting administrator, or if you have already done so, you can place a request here. Safiel (talk) 23:47, 4 June 2016 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:WestMassGreen.JPG

The file File:WestMassGreen.JPG has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Orphaned image, replaced by vector image hosted on Commons that would be used in the future (File:Map of Massachusetts highlighting Western Counties.svg)."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. ★ Bigr   Tex  22:43, 25 July 2019 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:NEARI Sm Logo.jpg

The file File:NEARI Sm Logo.jpg has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Orphaned logo, replaced by fair use logo (File:NEARI logo.png), copied from the organization's website."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. ★ Bigr   Tex  22:48, 25 July 2019 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Miskatonic River

The article Miskatonic River has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "No indication this passes WP:GNG/WP:NFICTION. No discussion of the topic outside WP:PRIMARY sources. WP:PLOT."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 02:34, 7 November 2019 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Al Norman

The article Al Norman has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "NN activist, almost all the sources are to his self-published books"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion.   Ravenswing     03:07, 22 April 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dunkelza


text:
Garden City Skyway

The Garden City Skyway is a major high-level bridge located in St. Catharines and Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada, that allows the Queen Elizabeth Way (QEW) to cross the Welland Canal without the interruption of a lift bridge. Six lanes of traffic are carried across the bridge, which is 2.2 km in length and 40 m at its tallest point.

It is the tallest and largest single structure along the entire QEW; the Burlington Bay James N. Allan Skyway, which is also part of the QEW, is actually two separate and smaller four-lane bridges. Among all the bridges spanning the present Welland Canal, the Skyway is numbered Bridge 4A (the Homer Lift Bridge is Bridge 4). When the Garden City Skyway is closed due to a traffic accident or weather conditions, traffic is diverted to cross the canal at the Homer Lift Bridge.

In 2025, another QEW bridge is planned to be built adjacent to the existing Skyway, twinning it.

History
Construction began in January 1960, with the main span crossing the Welland Canal hoisted into place in July of that same year. The bridge was open to traffic on October 18, 1963. During construction, the bridge was referred to as the Homer Skyway, taking its name from the lift bridge that the new skyway was to replace. Upon dedication, the bridge was officially named the Garden City Skyway, using the nickname of St. Catharines, "Canada's Garden City." Tolls were charged on the bridge until 1973.

The construction work included an Ontario "tall-wall" concrete median barrier, new bridge parapets, and the installation of shaded high-pressure sodium lights using the existing truss poles.

In 2015, the high-pressure sodium lights on the bridge were replaced with bright white LED lights on the existing truss poles.

Diversion
When the Garden City Skyway is closed due to a traffic accident or weather conditions, traffic is diverted along frontage roads (Dieppe Road, Dunkirk Road, Glendale Avenue, Queenston Road, Taylor Road and York Road) to cross the canal at the Homer Lift Bridge, re-connecting to the QEW on the opposite side.

Proposed expansion
Since the early 2010s, the Ontario Ministry of Transportation (MTO) has been working on plans to build an additional bridge next to the Skyway, twinning it. Reasons for twinning the bridge include high traffic demand, road safety (the existing bridge lacks shoulders on both sides) and structural concerns as a result of the age of the existing bridge.

The second bridge would be around 2.2 km in length, and be constructed north of the existing Skyway for Toronto-bound traffic, while the existing bridge would be used by vehicles heading toward Niagara. Once open, the existing Skyway bridge would be refurbished and rehabilitated.

, construction is estimated to start in 2025 and take around 4 years to complete. The preferred route was announced in 2013. 25 properties were purchased by the Ministry of Transportation to facilitate the planned twinning.

title: Garden City Skyway


text:
User talk:Aeroflot

(Sorry, nobody has sent you a welcome message yet, so here it is...)

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Zzyzx11 | Talk 06:09, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Hopefully this information will help you fix the articles you already created so that they follow Wikipedia's standards and style. Thanks.

title: User talk:Aeroflot


text:
User talk:Rkaminsk

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Zzyzx11 | Talk 06:10, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rkaminsk


text:
User talk:EddieH

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Zzyzx11 | Talk 06:10, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Rush Limbaugh
As of now, The Rush Limbaugh Show seems to be fragmented -- it does not really follow the standards and style of what a Wikipedia article should be. There is no introductory first paragraph. There is no mention of third party reviews or critics. Thus, it looks like it should be part of the Rush Limbaugh article.

However, if you guys continue to clean it up, you can remove the merge tags and remove its merge request on Duplicate articles. Thanks. Zzyzx11 | Talk 06:31, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Nicely done!
I like the way you edited the sentence you were disputing. Cheers! Kukini 06:40, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:EddieH


text:
User talk:LA JAY

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Zzyzx11 | Talk 06:11, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:Unisource.png
Thanks for uploading Image:Unisource.png. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 11:44, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:Unisource.png)
Thanks for uploading Image:Unisource.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 21:18, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:LA JAY