text: User talk:168.169.123.232

title: User talk:168.169.123.232


text:
Press Trust of India

The Press Trust of India Ltd., commonly known as PTI, is the largest news agency in India. It is headquartered in New Delhi and is a nonprofit cooperative among more than 500 Indian newspapers. It has over 500 full-time employees, including about 400 journalists. It also has nearly 400 part-time correspondents in most of the district headquarters of the country. PTI also has correspondents in major capitals and important business centres around the world. It was incorporated in Madras in 1947 with The Hindu's proprietor, Kasturi Srinivasan, as its Founding Chairman. It took over the operations of the Associated Press of India from Reuters in 1948–49. It provides news coverage and information of the region in both English and Hindi.

Overview of PTI
PTI exchanges information with several other news agencies including 100 news agencies based outside India, such as Associated Press, Agence France-Presse, The New York Times and Bloomberg L.P. Major Indian subscribers of PTI include The Hindu, The Times of India, The Indian Express, Hindustan Times, The Statesman, The Tribune, News 18, NDTV, India Today, the All India Radio, Doordarshan, and The Wire. PTI has offices in Bangkok, Beijing, Colombo, Dubai, Islamabad, Kuala Lumpur, Moscow, New York City, and Washington D.C.

Its current chairman is Aveek Sarkar. He is also the vice chairman of ABP group.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Press Trust of India


text: Talk:Weasel sportive lemur

title: Talk:Weasel sportive lemur


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Talk:Raffaella Carra

I've merged this content with Raffaella Carrà, so let's delete this one. Jumbo 18:42, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Raffaella Carra


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Ukrainian Green movement

The Ukrainian green movement, founded in 1988 by Yuriy Shcherbak, was a name for loose group of various governmental and non-governmental organisations defending the environment in Ukraine.

Members
Members include:
 * Green party of Ukraine
 * Panukrainian Ecological League
 * National Ecological Center
 * Regional Ecological Center - Kiev
 * NGO "MAMA-86"

title: Ukrainian Green movement


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hiplife

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. — mark ✎ 12:45, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Hiplife

 * Delete. No potential to become encyclopedic --Randolph 18:43, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Wait and see - who are we to say that this is not a notable topic capable of development? It may be significant in Ghana, which is the claim of the stub, so let someone who knows about Ghana say something about it first. -- 8^D gab 19:00, 2005 Apr 11 (UTC)
 * Neutral. Agree with the above poster that I'd like to know how significant this is in Ghana before voting to delete. Firebug 21:45, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. "South Africa's Channel O has recently added an entire hip-life show to its programming" Please check "What links here" and google a little before Vfding things, this was a requested article. Kappa 23:38, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, notability not established, promo. Megan1967 10:32, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. Major Ghanaian music style. Notability is easily established by searching "Reggie Rockstone". - Mustafaa 06:56, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. Notable Ghanaian music style. Certainly has the potential to become encyclopedic. Often spelled 'Hip Life', other major artist Tic Tac. The BBC has devoted an article to it a year ago at their African music scene pages . — mark ✎ 07:30, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Hmmmm..seems I should have looked into this a bit further before proposing vote for deletion. My apologies. :) --Randolph 01:25, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hiplife


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Abertridwr, Caerphilly

Abertridwr (Welsh: the mouth of the three waters) is a village in Caerphilly County Borough, Wales, situated about 3 mi north-west of Caerphilly town. The "three waters" or "three streams" are Nant Cwm-parc, Nant Cwmceffyl and Nant Ilan, which join to form Nant yr Aber.

Like many villages and towns in the area, Abertridwr was a coal mining community within the South Wales Coalfield.

Windsor Colliery
The Windor Colliery was located in Abertridwr. In 1895, the Windsor Colliery Company started to sink two mine shafts to a depth of around 2018 ft. The first coal was raised in 1902. The workings were connected underground to the Universal Colliery in Senghenydd for ventilation purposes.

On 1 June 1902, a platform collapsed in the mine, tipping nine men into 25 feet (8 m) of water, which had gathered in the sump. Three escaped drowning by clinging onto floating debris, but the other six died.

The colliery was nationalised and was run by the National Coal Board from 1946. During 1976, it became linked underground with the Nantgarw Colliery, and both mines were worked as one unit, with coal winding (i.e. raising to the surface) and processing via Nantgarw. From 1976, production was concentrated at Nantgarw, with Windsor kept open for ventilation, methane extraction, and as an emergency exit.

The whole Nantgarw/Windsor unit closed on 6 November 1986. Tyn y Parc (Welsh: house in the park) housing estate now occupies the site.

Health research
Men from Abertridwr participate in one of the world's longest running epidemiology studies, the Caerphilly Heart Disease Study. Since 1979, a representative sample of adult males born between 1918 and 1938, living in Caerphilly and the surrounding villages of Abertridwr, Bedwas, Machen, Senghenydd and Trethomas, have participated in the study. A wide range of health and lifestyle data have been collected throughout the study and have been the basis of over 400 publications in the medical press. A notable report was on the reductions in vascular disease, diabetes, cognitive impairment and dementia attributable to a healthy lifestyle.

Famous residents

 * Sir Trevor Evans (1902–1981), journalist, was born in Abertridwr.
 * From 1913 until his death, Abertridwr was the home of John Roberts ('Jack Russia') (1899–1979), miner, local councillor, prominent member of the Welsh Communist Party and volunteer with the International Brigade in the Spanish Civil War.
 * The village was the birthplace of artist Peter Prendergast (1946–2007).
 * Abertridwr was the birthplace of Geraint Watkins (born 1951), rock and roll pianist and accordionist for musicians including Nick Lowe, Dave Edmunds, Van Morrison, Mark Knopfler, Shakin' Stevens and Status Quo.

title: Abertridwr, Caerphilly


text:
Through the Eyes

Through the Eyes is the first major label studio album by the American nu metal band Flaw. The album was released on October 30, 2001, on Universal, Uptown and Republic Records. Described as nu metal, Through the Eyes has melodic vocals, aggressive guitar riffs, screaming, melodic instrumentation and lyrics drawn from the childhood and adolescence of vocalist Chris Volz, who dealt with his adoptive mother's suicide, rebellious behavior and a formerly troubled relationship with his father. Some songs were soft and melodic whereas some other songs were heavy and featured screaming. Lyrics often are about topics like Volz' adoptive mother's suicide, trauma, frustration and stoicism.

Flaw began in 1996, when the vocalist Volz answered an advertisement placed by band guitarist Jason Daunt for another guitarist. The band then recorded their first independent record, American Arrogance. In 2000, Flaw was noticed by Republic and Universal Records and signed a record deal. With producer David Bottrill, they recorded at Sound City in Los Angeles in early 2001.

To promote Through the Eyes, Flaw released "Payback" and "Whole" and recorded music videos for the singles. Through the Eyes had moderate success, reaching number 119 on the Billboard 200 and number one on the Top Heatseekers chart. The album sold more than 150,000 copies. Through the Eyes received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics, who praised its vocals and instrumentation.

Background and recording
Many lyrics on Through the Eyes are drawn from Chris Volz' difficult childhood and adolescence. When he was 11 or 12 years old, his adoptive mother committed suicide. Volz began to embrace aggressive rock music and rebel against authority figures, including his teachers and his father, Joe. Joe sent Chris to military school, but Chris ran away. Joe then sent his son to several youth detention centers and, when Chris was 14, to a long-term drug rehabilitation center. Young Volz ran away from the center, and was picked up by police and placed in another juvenile detention center. The court ruled that Volz was not a candidate for rehab and Joe was ordered by the police to take him back, which embittered him toward his son. As Volz grew older, his relationship with Joe improved and his father was the best man at his wedding.

Flaw formed in 1996, when guitarist Jason Daunt placed an advertisement for another guitarist and Volz answered. They then recorded their first independent record, American Arrogance in 1997. In 2000, Flaw played at CBGB in New York City, when they were noticed by Republic and Universal Records executives and signed a deal with the labels. With producer David Bottrill, they recorded at Sound City in Los Angeles in early 2001.

Music and lyrics
Described as nu metal, Through the Eyes includes singing, screaming,  aggressive guitar riffs and melodic instrumentation. "Get Up Again" and "Reliance" have an aggressive sound, and "My Letter" and "Best I Am" are softer. The album has been compared to the music of Disturbed, Tool, Linkin Park, Factory 81, A Perfect Circle and Saliva.

Through the Eyes' lyrics are drawn from vocalist Chris Volz's life, including his childhood;  "Whole" is about the suicide of his adoptive mother. Volz said about the song, "Everything in that song touches from sadness to anger to grief to blaming myself to confusion. I just really wanted to go as deep into it as I possibly could and still be able to come back. She was the one who got me into music. She was an operatic singer, and for me to go wholly into music has kept a part of her alive inside of me".

According to Jon Wiederhorn of MTV, "Inner Strength", "Get Up Again" and "Reliance" are about trauma and frustration: "If art could accurately imitate life's many nuances, Flaw's Through the Eyes would be one of the most powerful, traumatizing nü-metal records ever". Volz said about the meaning of "Get Up Again", "It's about never letting one thing or one circumstance get the best of you and try to turn a negative around into something positive. So, whether it was because I was adopted or my mom's suicide when I was younger or having to take my dad to court so I could take charge of my life, that song kinda stands for dealing with life's problems and never feeling sorry for yourself and actually coming out on top". He said that "Inner Strength" is about "finding your own road and really developing that 'inner strength' part of your personality"; "Only the Strong" is "really about realizing you have the power to feel about yourself the way you want and everyone else can fuck off. There are so many people that will try to bring you down, so instead of listening to what those people have to say, besides from family, friends, and loved ones. Just knowing that you are strong and that will help everyone survive".

Promotion and release
Through the Eyes was released by Universal, Uptown and Republic Records on October 30, 2001. Two songs have music videos: "Payback" and "Whole". The music video for "Payback" premiered in the summer of 2001. The second single, "Whole", was released on May 20, 2002. The album peaked at number 119 on the Billboard 200 on June 15, 2002 and number one on the Heatseekers Albums chart on June 22, 2002. It sold 7,000 copies per week for several weeks, and has sold over 150,000 copies. "Only the Strong" appears on the soundtrack for The Scorpion King, which sold 90,000 copies in the week after its release. The soundtrack reached number eight on the Billboard 200 before climbing to number five. The song "Get Up Again" was featured in the soundtrack to the 2004 video game MX Unleashed, as well as for UFC 2009: Undisputed.

Critical reception
Through the Eyes received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics. According to Mark Jenkins of the Washington Post, "Like Sevendust, Flaw is apparently still smarting from childhood trauma" and, ultimately, "Flaw lets its guard down". ThePRP gave Through the Eyes 3.5 out of 5, and said that the album "is a strong showing from a band who have a lot to offer". It praised the album's musicianship, saying that the only "flaw" was that Flaw "could benefit from trimming some of the proverbial fat a bit closer to the bone next time out, because in their current state, they at times can feel a bit too long winded and unnecessary". AntiGUY of AntiMUSIC gave Through the Eyes four smiley faces and wrote that the album "is the perfect counter argument [sic] to those who would casually dismiss the nu metal genre as only simplistic drop tuned guitars pounding out unremitting powerchords and primal screaming vocals". AntiGUY praised Volz' vocals, comparing Flaw to Factory 81 and A Perfect Circle. According to Brian O'Neill of AllMusic, "A few catchy tracks – such as the lead single, "Payback," and the eerie "My Letter" – are surrounded by filler that fails to stick". However, O'Neill called Volz' singing "powerful and melodious". Andy Schwegler wrote that Through the Eyes "is perfect if you want 13 tracks of jamming for your car, but it ultimately runs thin in the long run".

Album cover
The album cover depicts a pensive-looking young boy with a zipped-shut mouth. Volz elaborates: "The cover of our album is a 12-year-old little boy who doesn't look like he's in pain, but it looks like he's got a world of things he wants to say, but his mouth is zippered shut. And that's kind of the way I felt throughout most of my childhood."

Track listing
All music written and arranged by Flaw. Lyrics by Chris Volz.

Personnel
Adapted from AllMusic.

 * Flaw
 * Chris Volz – lead vocals
 * Jason Daunt – guitar, keyboards
 * Ryan Jurhs – bass, backing vocals
 * Chris Ballinger – drums
 * Lance Arny – guitar

 * Production
 * David Bottrill – producer, engineer, mixing
 * Phil Broussaard – assistant engineer
 * Justin Pynes – mixing assistant
 * Brian Paturalski – mixing assistant
 * Bob Ludwig – mastering

 * Artwork
 * Sandy Brummels – creative director
 * Karen Walker – art direction, design
 * Clay Patrick McBridge – photography

title: Through the Eyes


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Curve (band)

Curve were an English alternative rock and electronic music duo from London, formed in 1990 and dissolved in 2005. The band consisted of Toni Halliday (vocals, occasionally guitar) and Dean Garcia (bass, guitar, drums, programming). Halliday wrote the lyrics of their songs and they both contributed to songwriting. Producer Alan Moulder was a prominent collaborator who helped shape their blend of heavy beats and densely–layered guitar tracks set against Halliday's vocals.

Curve released five studio albums (Doppelgänger in 1992, Cuckoo in 1993, Come Clean in 1998, Gift in 2001, and The New Adventures of Curve in 2002), five compilation albums (Pubic Fruit in 1992, Radio Sessions in 1993, Open Day at the Hate Fest in 2001, The Way of Curve in 2004, and Rare and Unreleased in 2010), and a string of EPs and singles.

History
Dean Garcia, half Hawaiian and half Irish, had played in some small bands when he auditioned for Eurythmics. The English-born Toni Halliday met Dave Stewart of Eurythmics after he had read a rock magazine interview with her in which she praised his pre-Eurythmics band, The Tourists. Halliday and Garcia were introduced to each other by Stewart. Garcia had played bass guitar as part of Eurythmics' live band in 1983–84 and on two of their studio albums, while Halliday was signed to Stewart's Anxious Records label as a solo artist. The pair formed an ill-fated group named State of Play in the mid-1980s before parting ways, embarking on a no less ill-fated solo career (Halliday) and further stints as a backing musician (Garcia), and then reuniting for a more long-term partnership in Curve.

As Curve, Halliday and Garcia released three acclaimed and increasingly successful EPs (Blindfold, Frozen, and Cherry) throughout 1991 on Anxious Records. They also made an impact on the UK album charts in 1992 with their debut studio album Doppelgänger. The group toured extensively during this period, with Halliday and Garcia being supported on stage by two additional guitarists (Debbie Smith, later of Echobelly, and Alex Mitchell) and a drummer (Steve Monti, formerly of Ian Dury and the Blockheads). Highlights of Curve's live career included a performance at the 1992 Glastonbury Festival, and a package tour of the United States and Canada with The Jesus and Mary Chain and Spiritualized.

In 1992, the band released the compilation album Pubic Fruit, containing their first three EPs and an extended mix of the single "Faît Accompli". Toni Halliday also featured on two songs ("Edge to Life" and "Bloodline") from Recoil's album, Bloodline. In 1993, Curve issued Radio Sessions, a compilation album of recordings made during their two sessions for John Peel's show on the UK broadcasting station BBC Radio 1.

Curve's second studio album, the harder-edged Cuckoo (1993), did not repeat the UK Top 20 success of the band's debut. That coupled with the stressfulness of the tour in support of the record, may have contributed to Halliday and Garcia's decision to disband the group in 1994. "It got to the point where Dean didn't want to tour," Halliday told Select magazine (August 1996 edition). "We did reach that point of hedonistic head-fuckery: glugging JD, hollering, 'Where's the schnozz?' You finally get that out of your system and think, 'This is sad.' We couldn't have gone on like that."

During their hiatus, Halliday formed the band Scylla and Garcia began a solo project under the name Headcase. Scylla's track "Helen's Face" was featured on the Showgirls soundtrack. Halliday also collaborated with The Future Sound of London for the song "Cerebral" from Lifeforms (1994), with Freaky Chakra for the song "Budded on Earth to Bloom in Heaven" from Lowdown Motivator (1995), and with Leftfield for their number 18 UK hit "Original" from Leftism (1995). She also featured on "Original"'s music video.

Curve returned to the music business in 1996 with the EP Pink Girl With the Blues. In the same year, Curve collaborated with Paul Van Dyk by reworking the mostly instrumental song "Words" from the album Seven Ways and also adding Halliday's vocals.

In 1997, they released "Chinese Burn", the first single to be taken from their third studio album Come Clean (1998). The album is a set of songs displaying a more pronounced influence of electronic music than earlier releases. Curve continued to do small-scale live shows in and around Europe.

The follow-up to Come Clean was an internet-only compilation titled Open Day at the Hate Fest which was released in 2001. Also in the same year, Curve issued Gift, their fourth studio album. Kevin Shields of My Bloody Valentine also played guitar on the songs "Want More Need Less" and "Perish". The opening song "Hell Above Water" has gained the highest public profile as a result of its use in trailers for the 2002 film Spider-Man and the 2008 film Iron Man.

In 2002, Curve released the internet-only fifth studio album The New Adventures of Curve and various download-only tracks via their official site. In 2003, Toni Halliday collaborated with the Japanese industrial rock band Acid Android on the song "Faults" from the album with the same name.

A two-CD retrospective compilation entitled The Way of Curve summarized the group's output in 2004. The first disc included the band's singles. The second disc contained a selection of B-sides, rarities and remixes. In early 2005, Halliday announced that she had left Curve for good.

In 2010, Curve published some of their most important releases as digital downloads on their Bandcamp page, including a new compilation with 39 songs entitled Rare and Unreleased.

In 2017 Curve re-released the Doppelganger CD as a double album. This release included their first three EPs. The Cuckoo album was also re-released as a double album and included, amongst other songs, several remixes.

The band's website, maintained by Garcia, has at various times since 2004 posted updates on projects by Halliday and Garcia. It has also stated that there is unlikely to be future new Curve music.

Toni Halliday
Toni Halliday was featured on The Killers' 2006 Christmas track "A Great Big Sled". This song was later included in the 2011 compilation (RED) Christmas EP.

On 27 February 2008, she introduced on MySpace a new solo project called Chatelaine. A number of tracks could be previewed, and were credited to Halliday/Dowd/Salmon, and its MySpace blog declared that a new album was in progress. Chatelaine's debut album Take a Line for a Walk was released on 16 June 2010. It featured nine new tracks: "Broken Bones", "Oh Daddy", "Life Remains", "Stripped Out", "Shifting Sands", "Killing Feeling", "Take a Line for a Walk", "Head to Head" and "Seen and Lost".

In 2012, Halliday contributed vocals to Orbital's soundtrack for the film remake Pusher.

Dean Garcia
Dean Garcia is currently a member of the band SPC ECO with his daughter Rose Berlin and Joey Levenson (2007–present). In February 2009, SPC ECO released their first album, 3-D, through their website and via Collide's label Noiseplus Music. 3-D was followed by the albums You Tell Me in 2011 and Dark Notes in 2012.

Garcia is also member of the bands The Black Holes (with Jo Neale; 2007–present), The Chronologic (2006–present), Inkraktare (with Mark Wallbridge aka Vasko The Pig; 2009–present), The Secret Meeting (with kaRIN and Statik of Collide; 2007–present), KGC (with Sascha Konietzko and Lucia Cifarelli of KMFDM; 2006–present) and Morpheme (2010–present).

Garcia's newest project Morpheme is a collaboration with Perry Pelonero (Clenched Fist, Skylight, Bliss City East), and Kim Welsh (Skylight, Bliss City East). On 8 December 2010, Morpheme released their first track, "Infection" and on 5 May 2011, they released their second track, "Stratosphere", on their debut single "Infection".

Garcia released How Do You Feel?, a solo album, on 1 January 2011. It features special guests Vasko the Pig, Todd Astromass and Jeff Beck.

Music style and influences
Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic described Curve's style as a "towering monolith of guitar noise, dance tracks, dark goth, and airy melodies". He also regarded the band's music as a combination of "shoegazer atmospherics and techno beats". Halliday cited Patti Smith and Nico, qualifying them as "marble giants", plus Siouxsie and the Banshees.

Toni Halliday has occasionally commented on the comparisons between Curve and Garbage, stating that she could "see bits of Garbage in what we've done, just like we see bits of Sonic Youth or the Valentines or really any band that was doing something supposedly outside the norm. [...] But eventually Garbage are a pop band, and Curve were never a pop band."

Official members

 * Toni Halliday – vocals, occasional guitar
 * Dean Garcia – bass, guitar, drums, programming

Touring members

 * Debbie Smith – guitar (from 1991 until 1994)
 * Alex Mitchell – guitar (from 1991 until 1994)
 * Rob Holliday – guitar (Come Clean era)
 * Steve Monti – drums
 * Stephen Spring – drums

Equipment

 * A detailed gear diagram of Dean Garcia's 2002 Curve bass rig is well-documented.
 * A detailed gear diagram of Rob Holliday's 2002 Curve guitar rig is well-documented.
 * On YouTube, there is a video available with Alan Moulder working in Curve's recording studio.
 * An in-depth interview with Dean Garcia and Toni Halliday from 2002 that covers their live gear as well as their recording methods at their studio, Todal Studios.

Remixes

 * Paul Van Dyk – "Words" (Curved Headcase remix)
 * Tubeway Army – "Down in the Park" (Curve remix)
 * The Cure – "Just Say Yes" (Curve remix)

Song usage and guest appearances

 * Guest producers on Gary Numan's remix album Hybrid in 2003.
 * Released a track for Frequency (a music-based puzzle game on PlayStation 2) called "Worst Mistake". It is not available on CD.
 * "Falling Free" remixed by Aphex Twin appeared on his 2003 compilation 26 Mixes For Cash.
 * Remixed the single "Just Say Yes" for the Cure in 2001, which was released officially in 2004 on the boxset Join the Dots: B-Sides and Rarities, 1978–2001 (The Fiction Years).
 * "Hell above Water" has been used in trailers for the 2002 film Spider-Man and the 2008 film Iron Man. Also it featured in the 2004 film Mindhunters, an episode for the popular crime drama CSI (Episode 207, "Caged"), and the 2008 film Lakeview Terrace. It is also featured in the games Gran Turismo 4 and MotorStorm.
 * The Capcom game MotoGP 09/10 includes an instrumental version of "Want More Need Less".
 * The 1995 film The Doom Generation included the track "On The Wheel".
 * "Chinese Burn" is playing whilst Buffy and Faith are dancing in The Bronze during the Buffy the Vampire Slayer episode "Bad Girls". A remix of the song by Lunatic Calm was featured on the soundtrack of FIFA 2001.

title: Curve (band)


text:
Talk:Arterial blood gas test

Robert Auld?
I was looking to find the person, or person's name who invented this little piece of equipment. I was doing a little study work, and someone had said his name was Robert Auld. Can someone shed some light on this? thank you.

 * The oxygen electrode was invented by Leland C Clark, and the CO2 electrode was invented by John Severinghaus. Both inventions were made in the latter half of the twentieth century. I don't know who invented the pH electrode, but once you find that out you will have a full house, because the other blood gas variables are derived from O2 CO2 and pH. I don't know much about Clark, but Severinghaus is a giant of respiratory physiology and definitely deserves a biography if you want to write one. Fibrosis 17:11, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Merge proposal
I generally support the merge proposal. Alternatively, I'd be happy with a system that more sensibly separated the technique of an arterial draw (which could be used for non-blood gas reasons) from the blood gas numbers/test interpretation. Finally, I really, really want the red-and-blue "Note" boxes in the other article to go away. (BTW, I'm not watching either of these pages.) WhatamIdoing 22:56, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Strong Delete of Arterial blood gas sampling - Wikipedia is not a technical manual nor a how to guide. Nor is wikipedia's purpose to service the training needs of professionals (irrespective of how good that training material might be), but instead it is a general encyclopaedia for the general public. The "notes boxes" are totally inappropriate instruction to readers (wikipedia does not instruct or give direct advise its readers). Only a very little of Arterial blood gas sampling would be appropriately incorporated into the section Arterial blood gas. Instead it should be placed either under a suitable section at Health science bookshelf, or probably better still at the Wikiversity of Wikiversity:School:Medicine. David Ruben Talk 03:59, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Modify & Merge [[Arterial blood users comments, to a certain degree. I think that this sort of information should be included in an entirely unabridged way in Wikipedia's sister project, []. I think an abridged and simplifed version should be incorporated into this article. Russthomas1515 (talk) 00:45, 4 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Modify & Merge There is some useful info in Arterial blood gas sampling that isn't in Arterial blood gas. Merge that and get rid of the how-to and technical info. I'll do it if no one else is up to the task...I'd be happy to delete those horrible red & blue boxes ^.^ Twirligig (talk) 06:39, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Modify & Merge. Agree with above, and I would be pleased to assist. I have a fair bit of first-hand experience with ABG sampling.  Cheers, Basie (talk) 20:43, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Modify & Merge. Agree to merge, but with the ABG sampling article as a sectional redirect to the ABG article.-- Rcej (talk) 01:56, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

Lead section revision
Nice job on the merge! I took a swing at the lead, trying to clarify a few things: Hope that isn't all too drastic, comments and corrections welcome of course! Cheers, Basie (talk) 21:30, 18 January 2009 (UTC)
 * comparing ABG to oximetry is not terribly useful in my view. Certainly pO2 vs SpO2 could be mentioned later in the article, but I don't believe it belongs in the lead.
 * The sentence about homeostasis seemed out of place. Good content, just needs more context.
 * added capillary and mixed venous sources for blood sampling. These are fairly common (particularly in pediatrics).  Comparison of mixed venous SO2 vs arterial SO2 can be useful in evaluating cardiac output after heart surgery, for example.  It's one reason why the phrase "specifically on blood from an artery" doesn't sit well with me, because although technically venous samples could be placed in a "venous blood gas" article and capillary in "capillary blood gas" article, realistically they both belong in a discussion of ABG.
 * Tried to clarify exactly what ABG analyses. Classically, you can interpret an ABG with pH, CO2, HCO3, so I put those up front, and changed "concentration" to "partial pressure" when speaking of the gases.
 * Listing the specialties that ABG is used in is a futile task, I feel, so I simplified the list to "other areas of medicine".

 * Good catch on partial pressure vs concentration. After re-reading the lead I agreed with your objection and revised some of it for clarity. I had also noticed that the article was missing a See also section so I added one with a link to acid-base homeostasis and some other topics I thought were relevant. Feel free to add more. twirligigLeave one! ⋄ Check me out! 23:31, 18 January 2009 (UTC)

Semantics?
The article opens with "An arterial blood gas (ABG) is a blood test that is primarily performed using blood from an artery", is it just me, or is this a given? Surely, by definition an ARTERIAL BLOOD gas must be performed using blood from an artery.

The same analysis can be performed using blood from a vein, but it becomes a venous blood gas. Dlegros (talk) 21:40, 30 March 2009 (UTC)

Allen's Test
Reading through this article again, is it worth mentioning or linking to Allen's test?

I note the comments in the merge section above regarding Wiki not being a "how-to" guide, but feel that it would be appropriate.

Any thoughts? Dlegros (talk) 22:16, 18 September 2010 (UTC)

edits to reference ranges and interpretation
I changed the table a substantial amount as arterial blood gas interpretation is beyond the scope of a small table in a single article. Further talk about interpretation of arterial blood gases could probably be included in acid-base homeostasis, however, a tutorial on ABG interpretation is certainly beyond the scope of Wikipedia -- many great tutorials exist and are linked. Another change is to make sure we have our '-osis'es and '-emia's straight. Acid/alkalemia refer specifically to the change in pH. It is possible to have acid/alkalosis in the absence of an abnormal pH. I removed phosphate from the table as it does not really come into play in arterial blood gas interpretation. The statement on lactate was also removed, though I think with significant revision it could be reintroduced. To clarify, lactate electrodes are common on blood gas analyzers because arterial samples are ideal samples from which to measure lactate -- and because lactate is directly interlinked with hypoxemia and acidosis (lactic acidosis) which are also measured with arterial blood gases. It's not a neonatal-only thing, it's fairly common in many critical care areas. Wrin (talk) 15:39, 14 April 2011 (UTC)

PCO2
I came looking for an explanation of the t in tCO2, which I found: total CO2 (tCO2 (P)c) = the total amount of CO2, and is the sum of HCO3− and PCO2 by the formula: tCO2 = [HCO3−] + α*PCO2, where α=0.226 mM/kPa, HCO3− is expressed in millimolar concentration (mM) (mmol/l) and PCO2 is expressed in kPa but there's no specific definition of PCO2 elsewhere in the article. Opbeith (talk) 12:18, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

I also came looking for what was meant by the terms pCO2 and pO2 but found that these terms are used on this page with no explanation as to what they are - this article assumes knowledge to that extent.--194.73.101.212 (talk) 11:22, 24 November 2011 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Arterial blood gas
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Arterial blood gas's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "southwest": From Blood urea nitrogen: Normal Reference Range Table from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to PATHOLOGIC BASIS of DISEASE. From Thyroid function tests: Normal Reference Range Table from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. From Transferrin:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 18:45, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

Blood gas analysis
Thr role of Poul Astrup in inventing and developing a practical machine for mesuring pH on small samples of blood cannot be under-estimated. He won the Nobel Prize for it, and all machines since work on his principle. He needs to be included in any article on Blood Gas Analysis. Can anyone write about him? 81.134.153.82 (talk) 20:58, 9 October 2012 (UTC)9/10/12
 * It sounds like he deserves a mention in the article with at least a sentence. Please ask me at my talk page if you need any assistance editing Wikipedia. I'd be happy to help you. Biosthmors (talk) 21:41, 9 October 2012 (UTC)

Suspect typo
from User:Uziel302/Typos acedemia->academia? context: of days, and metabolic compensation took place over a blood acedemia acedemia problem.In general, it is much easier to correct acute pH derangement by adjusting respiration. Metabolic compensations take place at a much later stage. However, in a critical setting, a person wit

title: Talk:Arterial blood gas test


text:
Suncor Energy

Suncor Energy (Suncor Énergie) is a Canadian integrated energy company based in Calgary, Alberta. It specializes in production of synthetic crude from oil sands. In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000, Suncor Energy was ranked as the 48th-largest public company in the world.

Suncor was created by Sun Oil in 1979 by the merger of its Canadian conventional and heavy oil companies, the Sun Oil Company and Great Canadian Oil Sands. Until 2010, Suncor marketed products and services to retail customers in Ontario through a downstream network of 780 company-owned, and 700 customer-operated retail and Diesel fuel sites, primarily in Ontario under the Sunoco brand (owing to Suncor having originally been established as a subsidiary of Sunoco). In 2009, Suncor acquired the former Crown corporation Petro-Canada, which replaced the Sunoco brand across its existing outlets. Suncor also markets through a retail network of Shell and ExxonMobil branded outlets in the United States.

Sun Company of Canada
The Sun Oil Company began operations in Canada in 1919 when it formed the Sun Company of Canada. The company opened offices in Montreal and began importing American products to Canada for sale. On 31 March 1923, Sun incorporated a Canadian subsidiary, the Sun Oil Company Limited. In 1932, the company transferred its headquarters from Montreal to Toronto. In 1950 the Sun Oil Company drilled its first successful Canadian oil well in Alberta. In 1953 it opened a new refinery in Sarnia.

Great Canadian Oil Sands
Great Canadian Oil Sands was incorporated on 29 December 1953, however, the company originated in several previous ventures dating back to 1920. In 1962, GCOS received a permit from the Government of Alberta to build a plant in the Athabasca Oil Sands. The following year, Sun purchased a majority stake in GCOS. The GCOS plant went online in 1967.

History
In 1979, Sun formed Suncor by merging its Canadian refining and retailing interests; Great Canadian Oil Sands (a majority-owned subsidiary, which constructed and operated the first commercial plant to develop Canada's Athabasca oil sands and went on production in 1967); and its conventional oil and gas interests. In 1981, the Government of Ontario purchased a 25% stake in the company; it divested in 1993. In 1995 Sun Oil also divested its interest in the company, although Suncor maintained the Sunoco retail brand in Canada. With these two divestitures, Suncor become an independent, widely held public company.

In 2003, Suncor acquired a refinery and associated Phillips 66 gas stations in Commerce City, Colorado from ConocoPhillips. In 2005, Suncor acquired a second Commerce City refinery from Valero Energy. Suncor moved its retail brand from Phillips 66 to Shell from 2009 to 2013. Suncor added the Exxon and Mobil brands in Colorado and Wyoming in 2015.

On March 23, 2009, Suncor announced its intent to acquire Petro-Canada. This merger created a company with a combined market capitalization of C$43.3 billion. On June 4, 2009, a 98% approval rate was reached by Suncor's shareholders for the acquisition of Petro-Canada and the Competition Bureau approved the merger on June 21, 2009. The merger with Canada's 11th largest company was completed on August 1, 2009 in a $21 billion deal to form the second-largest company in Canada (after Royal Bank of Canada) in terms of market capitalization. In December 2009, as a condition of the merger, Suncor sold 98 gas stations in Ontario to Husky Energy, consisting of 68 Sunoco-branded locations and 30 Petro-Canada-branded locations.

In 2015 Suncor courted Canadian Oil Sands, the largest owner of the Syncrude project with 37% ownership (compared with Suncor's 12%), with proposals for acquisition and hostile takeover. In January 2016 they reached an agreement with Suncor acquiring COS for C$6.6 billion, raising its Syncrude ownership to 49%.

On April 27, 2016, Suncor announced that it had reached a $937-million deal to acquire Murphy Oil's 5% stake in the Syncrude project, growing its interest in Syncrude to nearly 54%, making it the majority shareholder of the project. In fall 2021, Suncor assumed operatorship of the Syncrude Joint Venture oil sands project in a bid to improve its performance. Suncor holds a majority stake in Syncrude with 58.74 per cent.

In July 2022, president and CEO Mark Little resigned amid investor pressure and after a series of workplace deaths and safety incidents. Executive vice-president for downstream Kris Smith was named as interim CEO. On February 21, 2023, Suncor announced that former Imperial Oil Ltd. president and CEO Rich Kruger had been named its new chief executive officer after a months-long search. Kruger replaced interim Suncor CEO Kris Smith on April 3, 2023. Smith assumed the role of chief financial officer and executive vice-president of corporate development after Suncor's annual general meeting on May 9, 2023.

June 2023 transactions with customers and suppliers were impaired due to a cyber attack. The company stated no customer information was stolen but some of the companies services, such as digital payment, crashed.

In October 2023, Suncor Energy acquired TotalEnergies' Canadian operations for C$1.47 billion($1.07 billion).

Operations
In North America, Suncor develops and produces oil and natural gas in Western Canada, Colorado, and offshore drilling in eastern Canada. Its international efforts include offshore developments in the North Sea, and conventional, land-based efforts in Libya, Syria, and Trinidad and Tobago.

Suncor operates refineries in Edmonton, Alberta; Sarnia, Ontario; Montreal, Quebec and Commerce City, Colorado. These refineries supply industrial, retail and commercial consumers. The company is also one of the largest Canadian retailers of petroleum products.

Bitumen, oil and natural gas production
Suncor is the world's largest producer of bitumen, and owns and operates an oil sands upgrading plant near Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada. Originally developed by Great Canadian Oil Sands, a majority-owned subsidiary of Sun Oil, it is now wholly owned by the independent Suncor. It was the first commercial development on the Athabasca oil sands, although small, earlier projects like that at Bitumount also played a role in development. The company held a 36.75% interest in the Joslyn north oil sands project which was shelved pending an economic review by operator Total S.A. in May 2014. The Joslyn project was sold to CNRL in September 2018. The company also produces conventional oil, heavy crude oil, and natural gas.

Refining
In Canada, Suncor operates refineries in Alberta, Ontario and Quebec. The company's 135,000-barrel-per-day Strathcona, refinery runs entirely on oil sands-based feedstocks and produces a high-yield of light oils. A 137,000-barrel-per-day Montreal Refinery produces gasoline, distillates, asphalts, heavy fuel oil, petrochemicals, solvents and feedstock for lubricants. An 85,000-barrel-per-day refinery in Sarnia, Ontario produces gasoline, kerosene, jet and diesel fuels. A 98,000-barrel-per-day refinery in Commerce City, Colorado produces gasoline, diesel fuel and paving-grade asphalt.

Retail
Suncor's main downstream brand in Canada is Petro-Canada. Suncor previously operated and franchised retail locations under the Sunoco brand, but post-acquisition, nearly all remaining Sunoco stations were converted to Petro-Canada. In addition, the company terminated all of its independent Sunoco franchises, as it planned to implement Petro-Canada's model of requiring franchisees to operate multiple locations. Presently, at least one Sunoco branded station exists, and is located in North Bay, Ontario. A group of affected franchisees filed a class-action lawsuit over the matter, claiming that Suncor had violated Ontario's Arthur Wishart Act. However, the case was blocked by an Ontario court.

In the United States, it operates retail outlets in Colorado under the Shell and Phillips 66 brands.

On April 13, 2012, Suncor paid a $500,000 fine after being found guilty of price-fixing in Ontario.

Aircraft fleet
Suncor Energy owned and operated three Bombardier CRJ900ER aircraft but sold them in late 2016 and now uses WestJet to shuttle Suncor employees to the oilsands.

As of February 2023, Suncor Energy owns a Bombardier Global Express (BD-700) and operate as ICAO airline designator JSN, and telephony JETSUN.

Environmental record
According to a Pollution Watch fact sheet, in 2007 Suncor Energy's oil sands operations had the sixth highest greenhouse gas emissions in Canada. While Suncor has reduced the greenhouse gas emissions intensity of its oil sands operations by more than 50% since 1990, total greenhouse gas emissions from the company's operations have increased because of growing oil sands production.

On April 2, 2009, Suncor was fined $675,000 for failing to install pollution control equipment at its Firebag operation near Fort McMurray, Alberta in July 2006. On the same day, Suncor was fined $175,000 for dumping untreated wastewater from a company work camp near Fort McMurray into the Athabasca River in 2007.

In the United States, Suncor has also been fined by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. In April 2012, a fine of $2.2 million was assessed for air pollution. Suncor failed to monitor and control emissions a number of times throughout 2009 and 2010, and numerous emissions exceeded regulations. Suncor was also cited for "failure to conduct equipment inspections, train employees, and fully develop standard procedures for operating equipment". Additionally, a benzene leak into Sand Creek was discovered in the fall of 2011. Employees at Suncor and the nearby Metro Wastewater Reclamation District Plant were exposed to benzene through the air and through drinking water. In April 2018, Suncor and ExxonMobil were sued by the city and county of Boulder, and the county of San Miguel over allegations that they were responsible for climate change in the state. The lawsuit was unique as it was one of the first to be based on these effects on a landlocked area, as opposed to those citing Sea level rise as a factor. In 2020, Suncor reached a US$9 million settlement agreement with authorities in Colorado for more than 100 air pollution violations from its Commerce City refinery. In 2024, Suncor settled with state regulators for US$10.5 million (a US$2.5 million fine and US$8 million in mandatory improvements) for violations by the Commerce City refinery, the largest settlement with a single facility over air pollution violations in Colorado history.

By 2009, Suncor was working to reduce the amount of bitumen entering tailings ponds. In 2009, under the auspices of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Suncor teamed with the University of Alberta and Matrikon, an Edmonton-based software company, to develop separation-cell technology to potentially reduce the amount of bitumen entering tailings ponds by 50 per cent.

By 2009, Suncor operated four wind farms. These wind farms provided 147 megawatts of power, providing an annual offset of 284,000 tonnes compared to coal-generated electricity. Suncor operates an ethanol facility in St. Clair Township, Ontario. The facility is the largest corn ethanol producer in Canada.

President
Ross A. Hennigar, 1979–1983 † William R. Loar, 1983–1985 Thomas H. Thomson, 1985–1991 Richard L. George, 1991–2012 Steven W. Williams, 2012–2018 Mark S. Little, 2018–2022 Kristopher P. Smith (interim), 2022–2023 Richard M. Kruger, 2023–

† Hennigar was killed in a plane crash on 11 January 1983

Chairman of the Board
Michael M. Koerner, 1982–1984 William R. Loar, 1984–1986 Michael M. Koerner, 1986–1990 Thomas H. Thomson, 1990–1993 Richard L. George, 1993–1994 Robert H. Campbell, 1994–1995 W. Robert Wyman, 1995–2001 James R. Shaw, 2001–2007 John T. Ferguson, 2007–2014 James W. Simpson, 2014–2017 Michael M. Wilson, 2017–2024 Russ Girling, 2024-

title: Suncor Energy


text:
Heinz Foundations

The Heinz Foundations are several charitable foundations founded by members of the Pittsburgh-based Heinz Foods dynasty.

The Heinz Family Philanthropies are based in Pittsburgh and Washington, D.C., and include:
 * The Teresa and H. John Heinz III Foundation
 * The H. John Heinz III Foundation
 * The Heinz Family Foundation

The Heinz Endowments are based in Pittsburgh and include:
 * Howard Heinz Endowment
 * Vira I. Heinz Endowment

title: Heinz Foundations


text: User talk:64.252.18.177

title: User talk:64.252.18.177


text: User talk:84.177.242.160

title: User talk:84.177.242.160


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Axel Coon

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 21:55, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Axel Coon
Delete. Vanity, no potential to be encyclopedic. --Randolph 18:49, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as link spam. - Lucky 6.9 18:53, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. Slac speak up!  00:29, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete VAnity Dsmdgold 19:55, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete Vanity, spam, promotional Dr Ingel 01:32, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Sheltering Arms Hospital (West Virginia)

See article Sheltering Arms Hospital for other hospitals with the name located in Richmond, Virginia and Minneapolis, Minnesota. Sheltering Arms Hospital was located at Hansford in Kanawha County, West Virginia, east of Charleston on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway along Paint Creek. It was open from 1888 until 1923. The nursing school was added in 1902.

The Episcopal Diocese of West Virginia opened the hospital in 1888, under the leadership of its first bishop, the Rt. Rev. George W. Peterkin. At the time, there was only one other hospital in the state; his sister Rebekah Dulaney Peterkin founded a similar hospital in Richmond. Among the West Virginia organizers were William Nelson Page, a civil and mining engineer and coal mine manager of Ansted and Major Thomas L. Broun of Kanawha County.

Sheltering Arms Hospital was supported by small payroll deductions, initially 10 cents a month, from coal miners and railroad workers. When a new building was opened in 1908, it contained 100 beds, and Sheltering Arms could care for 800 patients. The hospital had its own nursing school. Under hospital policy, "Persons with contagious diseases, or those caused by immoral habits, not received."

The Sheltering Arms Hospital in West Virginia closed in 1923 after its services were replaced by county hospitals.

Dr. Otis K. Rice donated papers from the hospital to the West Virginia state archives. He coauthored a book with Wayne Williams, A History of the Sheltering Arms Hospital.


text: Category:1338 BC deaths

title: Category:1338 BC deaths


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Adobe Flash Lite

Adobe Flash Lite (formerly Macromedia Flash Lite) is a discontinued lightweight version of Adobe Flash Player, a software application published by Adobe Systems for viewing Flash content. Flash Lite operates on devices that Flash Player cannot, such as mobile phones and other portable electronic devices like Wii, Chumby and Iriver.

Flash Lite allows users of these devices to view multimedia content and applications developed using Adobe's Flash tools, which had previously been available only on personal computers. As of 2014, Flash Lite has been superseded by Adobe AIR as the primary development platform for mobile Flash content.

Technical overview
Flash Lite is a development technology implemented at the client-side, or user interface layer. Recent changes to ActionScript allow Flash Lite to better integrate with and even compete with device-layer technologies like Java ME and BREW. Flash Lite should not be considered a mobile operating system like Symbian OS, Windows Mobile, BlackBerry OS, iOS (iPhone OS), Bada (Samsung) or Android: it is a technology for developing applications that run on a mobile operating system.

Some features available in Flash are not available in Flash Lite, and Flash Lite has some features specifically for mobile devices.

In addition to Flash Lite, which is typically incorporated into a mobile device operating system as provided by the manufacturer, the full Adobe Flash Player may also be available for installation from the mobile device's application store (and currently only if the device has an ARM Cortex-A8 processor).

Version history
Flash Lite 1.1 supports Flash 4 ActionScript.

Flash Lite 2.0, based on Flash Player 7, supports Flash 7's newer ActionScript 2.0. Both Flash Lite 1.1 and 2.0 also support the World Wide Web Consortium's Standard SVG Tiny, a mobile profile of the consortium's Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) recommendation. Unlike SVG, Flash Lite can add audio and interactive elements without the use of other technologies such as JavaScript. As with Flash, Flash Lite is able to read and redraw external XML content.

Flash Lite 3 is based on Flash 8, which lessens the gap between mobile and desktop content by supporting H.264 video standard, as well as On2 VP6 and Sorenson video codecs. Flash Lite 3 also introduces support for FLV video content (as used by YouTube and Google Video).

Flash Lite 4.0 supports ActionScript 3 and is a browser plugin, rather than a standalone player. It further extends the Flash Lite's features with multi-touch support, an advanced text rendering engine and a geolocation interface.

History
In 2005, Adobe Systems completed its acquisition of Macromedia, the original developers of Flash. At that time, Flash Lite had been available to mobile users in Japan and Europe for some time prior to its availability in the United States. NTT DoCoMo was the first carrier to adopt Flash Lite in May 2003.

As a promotion for Flash Lite in February 2005, Macromedia conducted its first Mobile Flash Content Contest. From the over 150 applications submitted, nine winners were selected in areas of Best Business and Productivity Application, Most Innovative use of Flash Lite, Best Animation, Best Business Application, Best Educational Content, Best Game, Best Interactive Content, Best Productivity Application, and Best Overall Use of Flash Lite.

In May 2006, the iriver U10 (later re-branded as the iriver clix) was released, which supported Flash Lite content in a landscape page orientation. The U10 was the first digital audio player to support Flash Lite.

In 2005, almost 100% of Flash Lite enabled devices were found in Japan. In February 2007, Adobe claimed that over 70% of Flash Lite devices were shipped outside Japan.

In October 2006, Verizon Wireless announced support for Flash Lite, making it the first operator in the US to adopt the technology. Flash Lite was initially available on four handset models (Motorola RAZR V3c and V3m, Samsung SCH-a950 and LG The V (VX9800)) as a BREW extension. This allows users to download Flash Lite applications from Verizon's "Get It Now" service, but it does not allow users to view Flash objects from their web browser.

In February 2007, Adobe announced at the 3GSM World Congress in Barcelona that the next release of Flash Lite (version 3) would support video, including streaming video. In October 2007, Adobe announced the release of Flash Lite 3.

At Adobe's 2007 Financial Analyst Meeting, Al Ramadan, then senior vice-president of Adobe's Mobile and Voice Solutions Business Unit, announced that by December 2006, 220 million Flash Lite devices had been shipped. He also noted Adobe's acquisition of certain vector rendering technology by Actimagine, intended to reduce the Flash Lite player's memory footprint in future versions.

As of March 2008, neither Adobe nor Verizon Wireless have announced the availability of Adobe Flash Cast, per the February 2007 press release for availability by the end of calendar year 2007. In the same month, Steve Jobs described Flash Lite as "not capable of being used with the Web."

In September 2009, Opera Software integrated Flash Lite 3.1 in the Internet Channel application for the Wii gaming console.

Versions

 * Macromedia Flash Lite 1.0
 * Based on Flash Player 4
 * Macromedia Flash Lite 1.1
 * Macromedia Flash Lite 2.0 (December 2005)
 * Released in 2005, which brought its capabilities in line with Flash Player 7
 * Adobe Flash Lite 2.1 (December 2006)
 * Running on the BREW platform
 * Adobe Flash Lite 3 (Announced in February 2007)
 * Support for FLV transcoding
 * Equivalent to desktop Flash Player 8
 * Adobe Flash Lite 3.1 (February 2009)
 * Adobe Flash Lite 4 has been released (2010) and integrated in Symbian^3 (Nokia N8, Nokia E7,  Nokia 600, Nokia 700, Nokia 701)
 * Has ActionScript 3.0 support

The following table documents historical support for Flash Lite on mobile operating systems:

Project Capuchin
On April 30, 2008, Sony Ericsson announced Project Capuchin, a bridge that allows Flash Lite to run as a front-end to Java ME and in this way, combine Java's APIs and direct communication with the mobile phone's hardware (Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and others) with Flash's graphical interface.

title: Adobe Flash Lite


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Diathesis–stress model

The diathesis-stress model, also known as the vulnerability–stress model, is a psychological theory that attempts to explain a disorder, or its trajectory, as the result of an interaction between a predispositional vulnerability, the diathesis, and stress caused by life experiences. The term diathesis derives from the Greek term (διάθεσις) for a predisposition or sensibility. A diathesis can take the form of genetic, psychological, biological, or situational factors. A large range of differences exists among individuals' vulnerabilities to the development of a disorder. The diathesis, or predisposition, interacts with the individual's subsequent stress response. Stress is a life event or series of events that disrupt a person's psychological equilibrium and may catalyze the development of a disorder. Thus the diathesis-stress model serves to explore how biological or genetic traits (diatheses) interact with environmental influences (stressors) to produce disorders such as depression, anxiety, or schizophrenia. The diathesis-stress model asserts that if the combination of the predisposition and the stress exceeds a threshold, the person will develop a disorder. The use of the term diathesis in medicine and in the specialty of psychiatry dates back to the 1800s. However, the diathesis-stress model was not introduced and used to describe the development of psychopathology until it was applied to explaining schizophrenia in the 1960s by Paul Meehl.

The diathesis-stress model is used in many fields of psychology, specifically for studying the development of psychopathology. It is useful for the purposes of understanding the interplay of nature and nurture in the susceptibility to psychological disorders throughout the lifespan. Diathesis-stress models can also assist in determining who will develop a disorder and who will not. For example, in the context of depression, the diathesis-stress model can help explain why Person A may become depressed while Person B does not, even when exposed to the same stressors. More recently, the diathesis-stress model has been used to explain why some individuals are more at risk for developing a disorder than others. For example, children who have a family history of depression are generally more vulnerable to developing a depressive disorder themselves. A child who has a family history of depression and who has been exposed to a particular stressor, such as exclusion or rejection by their peers, would be more likely to develop depression than a child with a family history of depression that has an otherwise positive social network of peers. The diathesis-stress model has also served as useful in explaining other poor (but non-clinical) developmental outcomes.

Protective factors, such as positive social networks or high self-esteem, can counteract the effects of stressors and prevent or curb the effects of the disorder. Many psychological disorders have a window of vulnerability, during which time an individual is more likely to develop a disorder than others. Diathesis–stress models are often conceptualized as multi-causal developmental models, which propose that multiple risk factors over the course of development interact with stressors and protective factors contributing to normal development or psychopathology. The differential susceptibility hypothesis is a recent theory that has stemmed from the diathesis–stress model.

Diathesis
The term diathesis is synonymous with vulnerability, and variants such as "vulnerability-stress" are common within psychology. A vulnerability makes it more or less likely that an individual will succumb to the development of psychopathology if certain stress is encountered. Diatheses are considered inherent within the individual and are typically conceptualized as being stable, but not unchangeable, over the lifespan. They are also often considered latent (i.e., dormant) because they are harder to recognize unless provoked by stressors.

Diatheses are understood to include genetic, biological, physiological, cognitive, and personality-related factors. Some examples of diatheses include genetic factors, such as abnormalities in some genes or variations in multiple genes that interact to increase vulnerability. Other diatheses include early life experiences such as the loss of a parent or high neuroticism. Diatheses can also be conceptualized as situational factors, such as low socioeconomic status or having a parent with depression.

Stress
Stress can be conceptualized as a life event that disrupts the equilibrium of a person's life. For instance, a person may be vulnerable to becoming depressed but will not develop depression unless he or she is exposed to a specific stress, which may trigger a depressive disorder. Stressors can take the form of a discrete event, such as the divorce of parents or a death in the family, or can be more chronic factors such as having a long-term illness or ongoing marital problems. Stresses can also be related to more daily hassles, such as school assignment deadlines. This also parallels the popular (and engineering) usage of stress, but note that some literature defines stress as the response to stressors, especially where usage in biology influences neuroscience.

It has been long recognized that psychological stress plays a significant role in understanding how psychopathology develops in individuals. However, psychologists have also identified that not all individuals who are stressed, or go through stressful life events, develop a psychological disorder. To understand this, theorists and researchers explored other factors that affected the development of a disorder and proposed that some individuals under stress develop a disorder and others do not. As such, some individuals are more vulnerable than others to developing a disorder once the stress has been introduced. This led to the formulation of the diathesis-stress model.

Genetics
Stress is known to be a mast cell activator. Mast cells are long-lived tissue-resident cells with an important role in many inflammatory settings, including host defense against parasitic infection and in allergic reactions.

There is evidence that "children exposed to prenatal stress may experience resilience driven by epigenome-wide interactions". Early life stress interactions with the epigenome show potential mechanisms driving vulnerability towards psychiatric illness. Ancestral stress alters lifetime mental health trajectories via epigenetic regulation.

Carriers of congenital adrenal hyperplasia have a predisposition to stress due to the unique nature of this gene. True rates of prevalence are not known, but common genetic variants of the human Steroid 21-Hydroxylase Gene (CYP21A2) are related to differences in circulating hormone levels in the population.

Psychological distress significantly impacts the quality of life of affected individuals. It is a known feature of generalized joint hypermobility (gJHM), as well as of its most common syndromic presentation, namely Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type (also known as joint hypermobility syndrome, JHS/EDS-HT). Interestingly, in addition to the confirmation of a tight link between anxiety and gJHM, preliminary connections with depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders, and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) were also found.

Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is a personality trait involving "an increased sensitivity of the central nervous system and a deeper cognitive processing of physical, social and emotional stimuli". The trait is characterized by "a tendency to 'pause to check' in novel situations, greater sensitivity to subtle stimuli, and the engagement of deeper cognitive processing strategies for employing coping actions, all of which are driven by heightened emotional reactivity, both positive and negative". SPS captures sensitivity to the environment in a heritable, evolutionary-conserved trait associated with increased information processing in the brain, moderating sensitivity to environments in a for-better-and-for-worse fashion. Interaction with negative experiences increases the risk for psychopathology, whereas interaction with positive experiences (including interventions) increases positive outcomes.

Protective factors
Protective factors, while not an inherent component of the diathesis–stress model, are of importance when considering the interaction of diatheses and stress. Protective factors can mitigate or provide a buffer against the effects of major stressors by providing an individual with developmentally adaptive outlets to deal with stress. Examples of protective factors include a positive parent-child attachment relationship, a supportive peer network, and individual social and emotional competence.

Throughout the lifespan
Many models of psychopathology generally suggest that all people have some level of vulnerability towards certain mental disorders but posit a large range of individual differences in the point at which a person will develop a certain disorder. For example, an individual with personality traits that tend to promote relationships, such as extroversion and agreeableness, may engender strong social support, which may later serve as a protective factor when experiencing stressors or losses that may delay or prevent the development of depression. Conversely, an individual who finds it difficult to develop and maintain supportive relationships may be more vulnerable to developing depression following a job loss because they do not have protective social support. An individual's threshold is determined by the interaction of diatheses and stress.

Windows of vulnerability for developing specific psychopathologies are believed to exist at different points of the lifespan. Moreover, different diatheses and stressors are implicated in different disorders. For example, breakups and other severe or traumatic life stressors are implicated in the development of depression. Stressful events can also trigger the manic phase of bipolar disorder, and stressful events can then prevent recovery and trigger relapse. Having a genetic disposition for becoming addicted and later engaging in binge drinking in college are implicated in the development of alcoholism. A family history of schizophrenia combined with the stressor of being raised in a dysfunctional family raises the risk of developing schizophrenia.

Diathesis-stress models are often conceptualized as multi-causal developmental models, which propose that multiple risk factors over the course of development interact with stressors and protective factors contributing to normal development or psychopathology. For example, a child with a family history of depression likely has a genetic vulnerability to depressive disorder. This child has also been exposed to environmental factors associated with parental depression that increase their vulnerability to developing depression as well. Protective factors, such as a strong peer network, involvement in extracurricular activities, and a positive relationship with the non-depressed parent, interact with the child's vulnerabilities in determining the progression to psychopathology versus normative development.

Some theories have branched from the diathesis-stress model, such as the differential susceptibility hypothesis, which extends the model to include a vulnerability to positive environments as well as negative environments or stress. A person could have a biological vulnerability that, when combined with a stressor, could lead to psychopathology (diathesis–stress model); but that same person with a biological vulnerability, if exposed to a particularly positive environment, could have better outcomes than a person without the vulnerability.

title: Diathesis–stress model


text:
Kish (Bible)

Kish (Hebrew: קיש Qīš) was the father of the first king of the Israelites, Saul.

Life
Kish was a Benjamite of the family of the Matrites, and there is some question over whether he was the brother or son of Ner ( and ; ). The question may be resolved by reading both Ner and Kish as sons of Abiel. According to the narrative of the appointment of Saul as king in 1 Samuel 9, Kish was the son of Abiel, son of Zeror, the son of Bechorath, the son of Aphiah and he kept donkeys. It was the loss of these donkeys which led Saul and a servant to journey in search of them and so to meet Samuel, Saul's anointer. "The possession of a drove of asses, and several servants, indicates that Kish was a man of some substance". The narrative later confirms that Kish was more concerned about the apparent disappearance of his son than about his loss of possessions.

Residence
It appears that Kish resided at Gibeah. His tomb is said to be in Zela, in the region of Benjamin in modern-day Israel.

Other biblical figures named Kish
"Kish" is also the name of one of Mordecai's ancestors. Many equate him with the above, but some, including Ibn Ezra, argue that this is a different Kish.

There is also another Kish named in.

title: Kish (Bible)


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Development and preservation in Dublin

Dublin is one of the oldest capital cities in Europe – dating back over a thousand years. Over the centuries and particularly in the 18th century or Georgian era, it acquired a distinctive style of architecture. Since the 1960s, Dublin has been extensively re-developed, sometimes resulting in the replacement of earlier buildings. Some of this has been controversial with preservationists regarding the development as unwelcome.

Georgian Dublin
In 1932, Éamon de Valera's Fianna Fáil party won a majority at the general election. With greater finances available, major changes began to take place. A scheme of replacing tenements with decent housing for Dublin's poor began. Plans were proposed for the wholesale demolition of many buildings from the Georgian era, which had become tenements.

The Viceregal Lodge was proposed for demolition, to make way for a new residence for the new office of President of Ireland, an office created in the 1937 Constitution of Ireland. Merrion Square, with its large Georgian mansions, was proposed for demolition, to be replaced on its three sides by a national museum, national Roman Catholic cathedral and national art gallery. Though plans were made, few were put into effect and those not implemented were put on hold when in September 1939 World War II began. Dublin escaped the mass bombing of the war due to Ireland's neutrality, though some bombs were dropped by the German air-force and hit the North Strand, a working-class district.

By 1945, the planned replacement of Georgian Dublin were abandoned and the Viceregal Lodge (renamed in 1938 Áras an Uachtaráin) was restored as a presidential residence.

From the 1950s onwards, Georgian Dublin became imperilled by Irish Government development policies. On Mountjoy Square derelict sites proliferated. When a row of large Georgian houses in Kildare Place near Leinster House was demolished a Fianna Fáil minister, Kevin Boland celebrated, saying that they had stood for everything he opposed. He also condemned the leaders of the Irish Georgian Society, established to preserve Georgian buildings, some of whom came from aristocratic backgrounds, as "belted earls".

In the 1960s, the world's longest line of Georgian buildings was interrupted when the ESB was allowed to build a modern office block. By the 1980s, road-widening schemes by Dublin Corporation ran through some old areas of the inner city around Christ Church Cathedral. In 1979 Dublin Corporation developed an office block on an unearthed Viking site Wood Quay.

1980s – A change in policy
In the 1980s and 1990s, greater efforts were made to preserve Dublin's older buildings. Dublin Corporation's road-widening schemes were abandoned. Strict preservation rules were applied, keeping intact the remaining squares, though St Stephen's Green of the three southern squares had already lost much of its Georgian architecture.

The 1960s had seen one of the earliest battles to preserve Georgian Dublin, in what became known as the Battle of Hume Street whose corner opened onto St. Stephen's Green. There an ultimately successful attempt by a property developer to demolish a block of Georgian houses hit the national headlines, and became a cause célèbre as students, celebrities and future politicians battled to stop the demolition of the Georgian buildings. The original buildings were lost, and the developer built Georgian style buildings on the site.

By the 1990s Dublin Corporation became active in the preservation of the Georgian buildings; among the results was the restoration of City Hall to its eighteenth-century interior (removing Victorian and Edwardian additions and rebuilds), and the replacement of Nelson's Pillar (a monument on O'Connell Street which had dominated the skyline until being blown up in 1966 by republicans) by a new Spire of Dublin, the world's tallest sculpture, on the site of the old Pillar and which could be seen throughout the city.

Temple Bar
The change in attitude was reflected in the development of Temple Bar, one of the few parts of Dublin that survived the destruction of medieval streets by the developers of the Georgian era. It retained its original medieval street plan. As late as the mid 1980s, Temple Bar was seen as a poor, run down segment of the city, stretching in terms of length from the Old Houses of Parliament in College Green to Parliament Street, which faced City Hall, and which in terms of width stretched from Dame Street to the city quays. In the 1970s, Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ), the state transport company, bought up many of the buildings in this area, with a view to building a large modern central bus station on the site. This would replace the medieval streets and buildings (while the street pattern was medieval, most of the buildings were not, dating from the eighteenth or nineteenth century) by one large bus station with a shopping centre attached. However, delays in providing the financing led CIÉ to rent out the buildings at nominal rents. Most of the buildings were rented by artists, producing a sudden and unexpected appearance of a 'cultural quarter' that earned comparisons with Paris's Left Bank. Though CIÉ remained nominally committed to its planned redevelopment, the vibrancy of the Temple Bar area led to demands for its preservation. By the late 1980s, the bus station plans were abandoned and a master plan put in place to maintain the Temple Bar's position as Dublin's cultural heartland.

The result was that the medieval street plan survived, however rents rose sharply, forcing the artists elsewhere. They have been replaced by restaurants and bars which draw thousands of tourists. This has been criticised by some for over commercialisation and excessive alcohol consumption. Some of the more historic buildings in the area have been altered in this process, notably St. Michael and John's Roman Catholic Church, one of the city's oldest Catholic churches, which pre-dates the repeal of the Penal Laws and Catholic Emancipation. Its interior was developed to be replaced by a tourist-orientated "Viking adventure centre" which ran into financial problems.

Temple Bar was used as a set for some of the exterior scenes in the film Far and Away.

Between December 2002 and January 2003, the Spire of Dublin was erected on O'Connell Street. A 120 m tall tapered metal pole, it is the tallest structure of Dublin city centre, visible for miles. It was assembled from seven pieces with the largest crane available in Ireland. It replaced Nelson's Pillar which was blown up in 1966.

Archer's Garage incident

In June 1999, the art deco, grade 1 listed garage on Fenian Street was illegally demolished by contractors working for the O'Callaghan hotel group. Following some vocal opposition the developer Noel O'Callaghan reconstructed the Garage after he was ordered by Dublin City Council on threat of a €1,000,000 fine and/or imprisonment.

The reconstruction is not an accurate replication of the original.

title: Development and preservation in Dublin


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User talk:Gmanacsa

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John Hogan

John Hogan may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * John Hogan (sculptor) (1800–1858), Irish sculptor, creator of The Dead Christ
 * John Forbes Hogan (1894–1967), American architect
 * John Hogan (singer) (born 1953), Irish singer

Law and politics

 * John Hogan (North Carolina planter) (1740–1810), American Revolutionary War soldier and politician
 * John Hogan (Missouri politician) (1805–1892), Irish-American preacher and politician
 * John Sheridan Hogan (c.1815–1859), Irish journalist, lawyer and political figure in Canada West
 * John W. Hogan (1853–1926), American associate appellate judge and lawyer
 * John Hogan (Newfoundland and Labrador politician), Canadian politician

Religion

 * John Baptist Hogan (1829–1901), Irish-French Catholic theologian and educator
 * John Joseph Hogan (1829–1913), American Roman Catholic bishop
 * John F. Hogan (1858–1918), Irish priest and educator

Science and medicine

 * John Vincent Lawless Hogan (1890–1960), American electrical engineer and radio technology pioneer
 * J. Paul Hogan (1919–2012), American chemist, inventor of polyethylene
 * John D. Hogan (born 1939), American psychologist and author

Others

 * John Hogan (rugby) (1881–1945), New Zealand rugby league and rugby union footballer
 * John Hogan (VC) (1884–1943), English First World War soldier and recipient of the Victoria Cross
 * John Hogan (footballer) (born 1941), Australian rules footballer
 * John Hogan (mathematician) (born 1954), British academic
 * John Hogan (executive) (born before 1970), American corporate executive

title: John Hogan