text: User talk:84.12.83.253

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:84.12.83.253


text:
Olos

Olos (2000) is an album by the Finnish rock group Absoluuttinen Nollapiste.

Track listing

 * 1) "Valajas helkures" (Aake Otsala, Aki Lääkkölä) – 3:02
 * 2) "Kalkin sammutus" (Otsala, Tommi Liimatta) – 4:10
 * 3) "Kotiinpaluu, jotenkin" (Otsala, Liimatta, Lääkkölä) – 3:02
 * 4) "Tavan sinä pyhität" (Liimatta, Otsala, Tomi Krutsin) – 3:41
 * 5) "Ja jos" (Liimatta) – 3:54
 * 6) "Tie tomun suuntima" (Liimatta, Lääkkölä) – 4:06
 * 7) "Neljä ruukkua neliössä" (Liimatta, Lääkkölä) – 3:47
 * 8) "Synkkää lunastusta, baby" (Liimatta, Lääkkölä) – 3:33
 * 9) "Käsitys mummoloista" (Otsala, Liimatta, Lääkkölä) – 5:15
 * 10) "Soita kotiin, Elvis" (Liimatta) – 3:33
 * 11) "Harhailua maastossa" (Liimatta, Lääkkölä) – 4:44
 * 12) "Tonttirajat sovitaan humalassa" (Liimatta, Lääkkölä, Otsala) – 3:43

Personnel

 * Tommi Liimatta - Vocals, Pieksämäki Guitar
 * Aki Lääkkölä - Guitar, Keyboards
 * Aake Otsala - Bass Guitar
 * Tomi Krutsin - Drums
 * Teemu Eskelinen - Vocals
 * Otto Hallamaa - Öylätti Guitar, Producer, Engineer, Mixing
 * Absoluuttinen Nollapiste - Producers
 * Juuso Nordlund - Engineer, Mixing
 * Pauli Saastamoinen - Mastering
 * Tuula Alajoki - Photography
 * Jooga Jykylä - Photography
 * Japa Mattila - Layout

title: Olos


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Joseph Menusa

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 19:42, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

Joseph Menusa
We don't have articles on the other 1000+ soldiers who have died in the Iraq war. RickK 22:17, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, wikipedia is not a memorial--nixie 23:32, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a memorial, we haven't articles neither on the other 1000+ soldiers who have died in the Iraq war, nor on the Iraqis who have died there or in the billions of wars of the history of the humanity.
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a memorial. Zzyzx11 | Talk 00:26, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or Transwiki to a Iraq war memorial wiki. This guy died to make the world safe for democracy. Klonimus 02:22, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * ...but Wikipedia is not a democracy, so delete. Radiant_* 07:22, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * That's a matter of opinion, but neither point has a bearing on this issue. Or would you like an article on every person who died in World War II on the Allied side, as well?  RickK 00:33, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sure why not. I know that Yad Vashem has a project to collect names an biographies of everyone who dided in the holocaust. Klonimus 02:36, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * That's nice for them, but Wikipedia is not a memorial.   — J I P | Talk 17:12, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I consider using "to make the world safe for democracy" to mean "to further the USA government's cause" extremely POV, and take offense at it. Menusa has died a heroic death but he fought for a nation, not an universal, non-disputed force of good.   — J I P | Talk 06:58, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * My vote above was vandalised by User:24.18.157.93, who changed "heroic" to "heretic".   — J I P | Talk 17:14, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, and I'm not responding to the suggestion that we should base deletion policy on the moral character of the article's subject. Rhobite 05:10, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, wikipedia is not a memorial. Megan1967 07:14, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep - because the number of U.S., British and other Coalition soldiers dying in the recent war was so low, and because media scrutiny actually makes it possible to know quite a lot about them, it would actually be plausible to have articles on all those who have died. The question is - why should we? A list of them with brief biographical details would probably (hopefully!) survive VfD and would be my preferred response. In the absence of a list, why keep an individual article? Has an individual American soldier done something noteable in the recent war just by dying in it? The answer is, arguably, yes - WW2 and Iraqi deaths in the war are bad analogies because that would involve making far more articles on individuals for whom there is often little information. Local press coverage of deaths in the recent war is pretty extensive, and the impact on a local community of a "local hero" dying in the war shouldn't be overlooked. From the point of view of the entire USA, most individuals will be non-notable but from the point of view of a (substantial) local community an individual may well be. The fact that Menusa was the first person from the Philippines to die in the conflict does swing me towards a keep vote, for now, but if somebody put a list together, I'd rather set this as a redirect to that. VivaEmilyDavies 21:04, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with everything said in the above comment. Klonimus 02:36, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Wikipedia is not a memorial. -- Egil 11:31, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:WGFinley/Netoholic Advocacy

Please use this page for all questions/comments on my advocacy for Netoholic.

Netoholic
I don't agree with what you wrote in the Netoholic RFA evidence page, and that's cool (personally, I sincerely believe that Netoholic is a bully who couldn't care less for opinions other than his own, who should be banned for a month or two). However, one thing bothers me most: "I would hardly consider 10 or 12 votes to be a good sampling of the community". Would you care to elucidate? What would you consider a good sampling of the community? — Itai (f&t) 04:19, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Sure Itai -- in a community that has, at last count, 386 active admins alone and 180,000 registered user accounts you should be able to muster more than 12 people who are interested in a template that is deemed to be useful. As I tried to state, Netoholic's gripes regarding the meta templates bogging down the system may or may not be factual, I'm certainly no network expert to know.  I would just think you could muster together enough people that would give you a more accurate representation and of those at least 10 people who would be very familiar with network systems and know what they're talking about in regard to server load.

 * On a personal note I think some of the labeling has gotten out of hand. I've been reading arbcom submissions and they usually begin with "X is disruptive", "X is a POV pusher", "X gets in revert wars", and your "X is a bully" (don't mean to pick on you, isn't the first time I've seen it).  I think conflict can be useful in resolving some differences but it seems to me far too many are quick to escalate the conflict then try to work out the differences.  Just my humble opinion after being here since June.  --Wgfinley 09:36, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't know of what surveys you're thinking, but in most surveys I've seen on Wikipedia, 10-12 votes is actually a reasonable turnout. Indeed, I suppose most current policies were decided on in surveys where fewer people have replied. (Bear in mind that Wikipedia surveys work by sampling, not outright majority among Wikipedia users, as surveying even the smallest noticeable fraction of Wikipedia users is impossible.)
 * As for labeling, I'm afraid my statement stands. Netoholic is a bully - I've known him for several months now - he would much rather win this through intimidation and wearing other people down than community discussion, even his I-am-right page is merely an afterthought after other tactics have failed, and he has turned down all proposals to draft a mutual survey (as I said, he doesn't believe in the community, he believes he's right – which I do too, of course, except community opinion counts more than my own).
 * Of course, I can see how to a user unfamiliar with Netoholic the previous paragraph would seem hideous and awful, spewing vitriol at a certain user who does not even get a chance to defend himself. Know Netoholic for a while, however, and pay close attention to what he does - not what he says he does - and you might just see that I'm right. Or delusional, as the case may be. — Itai (f&t) 10:27, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I saw your addition, and I thank you for it. The sister template situation is stablized at least for a while, due to page protection, but the basic issues are still there. At this point looking at the case, I'm not very optimistic. It seems that, since I happen to have an open case, every single one of my reverts is being added as evidence. I'm uncomfortable adding counter-evidence for each of these, since an explanation would only serve to glorify what I see as fairly normal day-to-day interaction. I'm not always supported in what I do, but, at least in my mind, I've got good reasons for my edits and working in the best interests of the project. I don't know how to do anything differently, since I can't in good conscience leave things be when I have valid reasons to disagree. I'm not an intentional disruption to the project, just an editor with opinions and conviction. From past cases, that sort of thing is not welcome. If you can look at my case more, I'd be appreciative. -- Netoholic @ 05:03, 2005 Apr 7 (UTC)

 * I am on IRC as well. -- Netoholic @

FYI, since he asked. -- Netoholic @ 05:32, 2005 Apr 10 (UTC)

Netoholic Evidence
Since I originally posted my evidence I have agreed to serve as Netoholic's Advocate. If you are now an official advocate for Netoholic, perhaps you would be so kind as to reformat/move your posts on the Evidence page, since they are argument, not evidence. If you or he have evidence, by all means post it, but place arguments where they belong. --Calton | Talk 08:07, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Netoholic injunction broken already
Within hours of it being placed, Netoholic broke the first injunction. Please have a word with him and try to make it clear to him that that sort of thing does not go down well with the ArbCom - David Gerard 09:40, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

This was pointed out privately - Arbitration policy. "A grace period of twenty four hours is usually observed between the fourth Aye vote and the enactment of the Injunction; however, Arbitrators may, in exceptional circumstances, vote to implement an injunction immediately if four or more Arbitrators express a desire to do so in their votes, or if a majority of Arbitrators active on the case have already voted to support the Injunction."

I doubt anyone's going to favor me, but I should have had until 10:41, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC) before this came into effect. This was not communicated to me, maybe intentionally. I'm not going to push it, but it would have been nice to know. -- Netoholic @ 10:38, 2005 Apr 8 (UTC)

Email re: case
I've emailed an important thing concerning Netoholic's case to guy[AT]djguy.net, the address on your blog. I sent Netoholic a copy via Wikipedia user page email, but if you have his actual email address and can forward him a copy that way as well that'd be really good. Thanks - David Gerard 23:04, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:WGFinley/Netoholic Advocacy


text:
Nokhu Crags

Nokhu Crags is a rock formation and mountain summit in the Never Summer Mountains range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The name is derived from the Arapaho language, Neaha-no-xhu, meaning "Eagles Nest." The 12490 ft peak is located in State Forest State Park, 4.0 km south (bearing 181°) of Cameron Pass in Jackson County, Colorado, United States. The summit lies just northwest of the Continental Divide and Rocky Mountain National Park, near the headwaters of the Michigan River. The peak is prominently visible from State Highway 14 and can be seen throughout the southern North Park basin where it is known also known as "Sawtooth Mountain", "the Crags" or "Sleeping Indian" for its resemblance to the form of a supine chief. To the east lie the shallow basins of Snow Lake and the Michigan or American Lakes; to the north lies a snow filled couloir; to the west the mountain descends directly into the deep waters of Lake Agnes; and to the south lie Static Peak, Mount Richthofen, and the remainder of the Never Summer Mountain Range.

Geology
The rocks of the peak were formed as a sedimentary deposit millions of years ago in an ancient ocean basin. The entire region was subsequently thrust up with the formation of the Medicine Bow Range at the close of the Mesozoic Era. Around 24–29 million years ago, rising magma began to create volcanoes that were the predecessors of the Never Summer Mountains. The magma cooled into granitic formations and nearby, now vertical, shale metamorphosed into the hornfels that forms the present day Nokhu Crags. After millions of years of erosion and glaciation, the vertical fin-like form of the Nohku Crags was exposed. Erosion continues to reshape the Crags, as evidenced by the extensive talus field at its base.

Today the mountain is a barren, almost treeless form, virtually devoid of vegetation. During the day, pika and mountain goats may be seen and heard on the steep slopes. In the afternoon light green and orange hues of lichen covering the face of the rocks becomes apparent. In the evening thousands of bats stream from nooks and crannies of the western face. In the winter the Nokhu Crags are covered with deep snow and the flanks are the scene of frequent avalanches. An avalanche in 2013 killed a skier and buried another skier for hours.

Historical names

 * Nokhu Crags
 * Sawtooth Crags
 * Sawtooth Mountain
 * Sleeping Indian

title: Nokhu Crags


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Nondimensionalization/archive1

Nondimensionalization
I'd like some suggestions for improving this article, and would also like to get some help with expanding the references section! HappyCamper 22:21, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

First list of suggestions
Disclaimer: I am not a mathematician. Nevertheless, I have read the article with pleasure. It is an article on a subject that is of general use in mathematics and physics. Some points to consider:

Jan van Male 21:04, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) The section that introduces substitutions uses χ (chi) as a substition for x. Later on, q is silently used. This may be confusing readers.
 * 2) Unfortunately, wikipedia does not seem to provide good definitions of a force function, transient and steady state solutions to link to
 * 3) I would present the example of nondimensionalization of a first order differential equation even earlier in the article, where the 5 steps are explained. I suggest to move the more general case of linear differential equations to after the discussion of the second order equations.
 * 4) In this more general case of linear differential equations, I did not understand why this system behaves as a mixture of first and second order systems. Following some links did not help: the page on characteristic polynomial talks about matrices and the contents at superposition were also not very helpful.
 * 5) The section on the universal second order linear oscillator presents the transient solution and derives the steady-state solutions. This does not seem very relevant to the topic of nondimensionalization. Instead, it seems more relevant to the harmonic oscillator article. Should it be moved there?
 * 6) The discussion on RC and RL circuits would be clearer if it concentrated on one instead of two circuits.
 * 7) All examples in the text deal with differential equations and the introduction suggest that this is the main application. Are there other applications?

First list of suggestions feedback

 * Thanks for your feedback - I really appreciate it! Here are my responses...

 * When I wrote the article, I couldn't decide whether I should use q consistently or not. I realize that the switchover from using the Greek χ to q might be confusing. However, I wanted to emphasize that it doesn't really matter what letter is picked for the substitution. I'll add something to the article that recommends, for example, something that might sound like this: "To nondimensionalize a variable, usually a convenient symbol is used to represent the new dimensionless quantity. For example, if the original problem involves length represented with the letter x, it would be judicious to represent the new nondimensionalized variable with l (for length), or χ (reminds us that it is related to "x"), or some other appropriate place holder. The choice should be made so that it is easy to keep track of the variables, although it is largely a personal choice of the person performing the nondimensionalization." --> I'll try to keep this comment short though, as I feel that this is something that applies to all mathematical problems in general - Choose variable names that make intuitive sense to make thinking through the problem easier!
 * Actually, come to think of it, forcing function, transient state and steady state really don't need to be mentioned in nondimensionalization at all. They are only there because of the particular examples I picked to show how nondimensionalization can be applied for problems involving those things. I might try to phase these terms out somehow. What do you think?
 * I did not put an example of nondimensionalization involving the first order system near the numbered steps because nondimensionalization applies to other things as well, in addition to differential equations. However, differential equations are probably the most illustrative example of applying the technique, so maybe it would be best to change this section as you suggest. It would be nice to keep the continuity of the 5 points though, as its intention was to give someone reading this article an idea of the thought process that is involved. As for the more general case, I think it would be best if I relegated this to another article. Jump to last point too...
 * I'm very glad you pointed this out...this is in fact a critical error I overlooked! I was implicitly assuming certain things which I didn't mention, in particular, that all the coefficients are assumed to be real. This section will definitely need a rewrite. I might decide to relegate this section to the characteristic polynomial page instead. I only mentioned this in the article to demonstrate the importance of understanding nondimensionalization of first and second order systems. Understanding the behaviour of these these two is sufficient to help understand all linear DEs with constant coefficients because of the superposition principle.
 * Hmm...I wasn't aware of the harmonic oscillator article. I'm glad you pointed this out! I'll move these derivations over to that page - I feel that they're more appropriate there too. What's really important is just to keep the nondimensionalized second order differential equations here, and also the "characteristic units" derived based on the differential equation. They show how the resonant frequency and linewidth come about naturally in the equation.
 * I might even move these over to an appropriate circuits page, as what I really wanted to show was that nondimensionalization can recover the time constant of these circuits, and that the time constant does not come out of thin air as an aribtrary definition.
 * Nondimensionalization is not restricted to differential equations, but they are probably the most illustrative of the examples. This is because many physics problems (especially those involving movement) can be formulated in terms of differential equations. Maybe I should mention this at the beginning of the article? What do you think? The other cases where nondimensionalization could be used is probably too trivial to illustrate here. The complexities introduced by nondimensionalization for these cases would be hardly necessary. I guess it's safe to say right at the top of the article that this technique is very well suited for simplifying differential equations. I think this a fair statement given the material that is covered in the article.

 * So, in summary, here are the changes that I think would make the article better:
 * Mention that the choice of variable name substitution is arbitrary, but should be chosen so they make intuitive sense in the context of the problem being solved;
 * Expand on related topics on other pages so that the article does not lose its continuity when a user clicks on a wikified link;
 * Perhaps phase out terminology which does not directly apply to nondimensionalization;
 * Rewrite or move the section about how the general linear DE can be understood by a superposition of smaller systems. The information presented there is not completely correct and needs to be fixed;
 * Move derivations of the nondimensionalized transient and steady state to harmonic oscillator;
 * Illustrate one circuit example at a time instead of all at once;
 * Put the first order example right by the 5 points so it becomes more illustrative.

These were great recommendations. Thanks again for going through the article. I'm glad you enjoyed it! As for the others reading through this, please add your comments to this page, and feel free to help improve the article! HappyCamper 01:16, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Consistent use of variables is good

 * Thank you for your kind words. I agree with all of your responses, except for one: I think it is a bad idea to use different symbols for the same concept in a single article. Yes, the choice is arbitrary and mentioning this won't hurt at all. However, once the choice is made, stick to it within a single article. My guess is that people who do not realize that the actual choice of variable names is arbitrary, will probably not understand much of the article anyway. I think that this class of readers will not be enlightened by a change in variable names in this article. In contrast, there is the possibility of a reader being temporarely confused because of different symbols and I think we should try to avoid that. Jan van Male 01:07, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * What if we replaced all the variables not representing time (like position, charge, voltage, and magnetic flux) with χ when nondimensionalized, but also mention right at the substitution what χ is meant to represent? That way, the notation is consistent, and also the meaning would be clear in the context where it's being used. Would this be a good choice for clarity? Well, I'll give the change a try and see how it turns out... :) HappyCamper 02:59, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Update on changes
More of the changes have been put in place. I added a note about mechanical, electrical, torsional (twisting systems), caloric (heat systems) and fluidic systems in the article somewhere. Is it necessary to show that all characteristic units of these systems can be derived from nondimensionalization? Maybe it would be nice to make a table that shows the equivalence between these sytems, but I think this is work for another article.

I changed the electrical oscillations section. It seems to be a bit dominant in the article, and perhaps introducing a "biased point of view" to the article :) --> What to do about this? Or is it okay?

Also, if someone could find a nice nonlinear differential equation to nondimensionalize, that would be a great addition to this article! HappyCamper 00:57, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I think it would be a mistake to show all characteristic units of the various systems you mention. These characteristics belong in the articles that deal with these systems in more detail. I'd say that these articles can simply list the result of nondimensionalization and link to the nondimensionalization page for an explanation. I agree that showing the equivalence between different systems belongs to a different article. I'd say this can easily become a huge list: the list of phenomena that can be described with first order DEs alone is huge or would there be some way to make this a finite list?

 * Regarding the electrical oscillations, I think that the variants of these systems belong to the corresponding parent articles. I'd say that the nondimensionalization article is best served with a few (say two or three) examples that are explained in detail. Ideally, these examples are as different as possible in mathematical complexity and physical meaning but I realize it may be hard to come up with suitable examples. Jan van Male 13:26, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, I started another article called system equivalence. If you're up for it, maybe we can work on it together...But for now, it'll be nice to get this article into a state where the content is pretty stable. For linear DEs, only 2 examples are sufficient to illustrate all the possibilities -> one 1st order, and 2nd order. I'd like to keep the 2nd order mechanical one, since that's one of the few systems I can think of where we could actually have an animated picture for in the article (I put up a request for a mass-spring-damper system somewhere). I'll move some of the electrical examples to another article. HappyCamper 16:13, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)


text:
Grace Murray Hopper Park

Grace Murray Hopper Park is a small memorial park in Arlington, Virginia. The park is named in honor of Grace Hopper, a computer scientist and naval officer. The park is near Riverhouse, a high-rise community where Hopper lived her later years. The park was originally funded by private sources, but is now owned by Arlington. The park is located across the I-395 corridor from The Pentagon.

title: Grace Murray Hopper Park


text:
Scarborough Town Centre

Scarborough Town Centre (STC) is a shopping mall in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Central to the Scarborough City Centre district, it is adjacent to Scarborough Centre station, the Scarborough Centre Bus Terminal and the CTV Toronto studios (9 Channel Nine Court). Opened in 1973, the mall is the fourth largest shopping mall in Canada and third in Toronto by retail space.

Description
The mall is located on the north side of Albert Campbell Square, across from the Scarborough Civic Centre.

The mall is served by Highway 401 and can also be reached through a turnaround ramp on McCowan Road, Progress Avenue, and Brimley Road. The TTC's Line 3 Scarborough also has a station adjacent to the mall, Scarborough Centre, opened in 1985 with service running southwest to Kennedy station on the Bloor–Danforth line and east to McCowan Station. Scarborough Centre is Toronto's east end's most important transportation hub. In addition to Line 3, Scarborough Centre is a busy terminal for a number of TTC bus routes, as well as GO Transit.

Scarborough Town Centre currently includes Hudson's Bay, Walmart, and Cineplex Cinemas as its anchors. It has more than 121,000 sqm and about 250 plus stores, making it the fourth-largest shopping centre in Greater Toronto, after Square One Shopping Centre, Yorkdale Shopping Centre, and Toronto Eaton Centre.

The mall itself and most of the land surrounding it are owned by OMERS (the Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System) pension fund under their Oxford Properties division.

Scarborough Walk of Fame
In 2006, ten prominent members of Scarborough's community were inducted into the Scarborough Walk of Fame, and this was the first annual ceremony. The stars (plaques) of the Walk of Fame are located behind the main atrium, in front of H&M. Formerly, they were located on a walkway between the food courts of the mall, on the upper level.

The first inductees were burn-unit founder Dr. Lloyd N. Carlsen, educator Dr. R. H. King, NBA player Jamaal Magloire, pulmonary scientist Dr. Charles C. Macklin, artist Doris McCarthy, Lieutenant Governor of Ontario and former television personality, The Honourable David Onley, Olympic hockey player Vicky Sunohara, pioneer David Thomson, hip-hop artist Wes Williams, and geriatric care entrepreneur Dr. Joseph Yu Kai Wong.

History
The mall was constructed in 1972 and opened on May 2, 1973. At that time, it included two major Canadian department stores, Simpson's and Eaton's. Miracle Food Mart, a supermarket, was also located in the mall; part of the Steinbergs chain, it was co-located with a Miracle Mart, a discount department store. It was designed to serve as part of the civic and commercial centre of what was then the Borough of Scarborough. Scarborough Town Centre opened with 130 stores adjacent to the borough's administration buildings. It provided a central landmark in an otherwise newer suburban area of Toronto.

Originally Y-shaped, with its stem towards the Civic Centre, a second phase of construction added the northern department store (former The Bay store) and two wings. The construction added 22000 sqm of retail space and was opened on August 8, 1979. It made STC the second shopping mall in history (after Quebec's Promenades Saint-Bruno) to simultaneously have Eaton's, Simpson's and The Bay.

In 1991, Simpson's rebranded as The Bay. The former The Bay store was emptied and extensively refurbished before reopening on September 25, 1991, as a Sears with essentially the same staff as the previous occupant. It was the largest of the eight locations that Sears acquired from the dismantling of the Simpsons chain.

In 1998-1999, the mall was expanded once again to allow more anchor stores and retail space.

After Eaton's closed, Sears relocated to the space on July 17, 2000, becoming one of the company's largest stores nationwide. Walmart opened its 160,000 square foot store on July 26, 2001.

The mall's latest renovation in 2010, branded "Lighten Up," gave retailers such as Victoria's Secret interest in retail space. Victoria's Secret opened one of Canada's first Pink stores in the former Disney Store in July 2010. Other major retailers, Forever 21 and Aritzia, have replaced Sport Chek and Birks. The mall has the largest Zara store in the east GTA at 2200 sqm.

On August 4, 2016, the new food court opened below the existing food court and was branded as TASTE MRKT. The upper level of the food court is now closed and has reopened as a mall space with a unique dining atmosphere for shoppers by offering more upscale, interior-patio-style seating underneath the existing skylight. Later a Jollibee, Tim Hortons, and a Ramen Place Opened. The Disney Store closed and became a Game Store.

The Sears store closed in late 2017 as part of the liquidation of Canadian operations. The Sears store is expected to be redeveloped by the mall in the future, though they have not yet said what is planned. The 1st floor has been remodelled into Urban Behavior. In 2018, the mall opened a Muji store near the Centre Court. The store is the 5th in the GTA. A Miniso also opened outside of Walmart, in the former Roots Canada, which has relocated next to Aritzia. In February 2021, it was announced that the second level of the former Sears location had been prepared as a large-scale clinic for distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine during the COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto. On August 23, 2023, an IKEA store opened on the lower level of the former Sears space. On October 14, 2023, a Decathlon store opened on the upper level of the former Sears space and on May 13, 2024 a Toys R Us Opened.

Proposed development
Currently, multiple plans are proposed for the shopping mall and its surroundings.

Scarborough Subway Extension
The extension of TTC's Line 2 Bloor-Danforth subway line is currently under construction, which will extend the line 7.8 kilometers. The extension will start from Kennedy station and go north towards McCowan Road and Sheppard Avenue with a station at the centre. This will replace the current Line 3 Scarborough that passes through the centre. The extension is expected to be complete around 2030.

Redevelopment of the centre
A proposal was created by Oxford Properties to redevelop the centre. For the first phase, the existing Cineplex Cinemas would be demolished to create space for the subway extension to the mall and a new transit hub. The current theatre would be replaced with a new movie theatre adjacent to the former Sears location. The Sears location would be renovated and divided into at least 18 retail units with three levels. A pedestrian walkway will connect the mall with the new movie theatre.

title: Scarborough Town Centre


text:
Saint Louis Science Center

The Saint Louis Science Center, founded as a planetarium in 1963, is a collection of buildings including a science museum and planetarium in St. Louis, Missouri, on the southeastern corner of Forest Park. With over 750 exhibits in a complex of over 300000 sqft, it is among the largest of its type in the United States.

James S. McDonnell Planetarium
Funding for the first structure of the current campus began in 1955, with $1 million of a $110 million city bond issue specified for the construction of a planetarium. Two years were spent surveying locations. The first proposed site, on the northern side of Forest Park near the Jefferson Memorial Building at Lindell and DeBaliviere, was scrapped because of restrictions on subdivisions. The location was changed to the southern part of the park, on the site of the old mounted police station, which was demolished in 1960. The plan was to build a planetarium, science museum, and natural history museum.

The Planetarium was designed by Gyo Obata of Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum with a unique shape (Obata was later tasked in the 1970s with designing the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.). Architectural Forum magazine described it as, "Looking like some strange craft spun down to earth from outer space... St. Louis's new planetarium perches gracefully on a rise in ... Forest Park". James Smith McDonnell (1899–1980), an aviation pioneer and co-founder of St. Louis-based McDonnell Douglas, an aerospace manufacturer, donated $200,000 for equipment such as the star projector. The facility was named after him in 1964.

The McDonnell Planetarium is home to a ZEISS UNIVERSARIUM Mark IX Star Projector. Installed in 2001, this machine is one of only three in the United States and thirteen in the world. The unusual request for an "open" planetarium theater called of the extremely bright stellar projections, a challenge outstandingly mastered by ZEISS fiber-optic projectors.

Science Center
In 1972, the Museum of Science and Natural History, located in Oak Knoll Park in the St. Louis suburb of Clayton, began to receive funds from sales tax through the Metropolitan Zoological Park and Museum District. In 1983, the museum purchased the Planetarium from the city, and closed it for remodeling. On July 20, 1978, the Planetarium reopened as the Saint Louis Science Center. On November 2, 1991, as part of a $34 million expansion, a new building opened across from the Planetarium south of I-64, on Oakland Avenue, increasing the size of the Science Center by a factor of seven. The new building was constructed on land that had previously been the site of the Falstaff Brewing Corporation headquarters. Connected to the Planetarium via a Skybridge over I-64, the new exhibits in the main building were devoted to Earth science, emerging technology, life sciences, physical science, and chemistry. Within two months, the newly remodeled St. Louis Science Center became the most visited science center in the world.

One of the most recognizable features of the St. Louis Science Center is the five-story domed OMNIMAX theater, which shows a variety of educational films and documentaries year round. Occasionally, the theater features feature films as they are released, such as Star Wars. In 2019, the OMNIMAX theater underwent its first major renovations since opening in 1991, becoming the fourth OMNIMAX theater to use the IMAX with laser projection system. Other improvements include new state-of-the-art sound technology, a NanoSeam screen for a more uniform screen surface, and upgraded and wider seating.

Exploradome and GROW
On February 8, 1997, an air-supported building was added to the main building, the Exploradome. With an additional 18000 sqft, it was intended as a temporary facility for traveling exhibitions, additional classrooms, and to host large group events. Notable exhibits have included shows on the RMS Titanic ocean liner and Body Worlds, a traveling exhibition of preserved human bodies. From October 2011 until May 2012, the main building hosted Star Trek: The Exhibition, a major showcase of Star Trek props, costumes and artifacts, including a full-size bridge from the USS Enterprise. The Exploradome was deflated to make way for a planned expansion after 16 years of operations on June 24, 2013.

In 2016, the museum’s largest major addition in 25 years was completed. The new exhibit space was designed by St. Louis-based design firm Arcturis with Gyo Obata brought on as a consultant. Called GROW, the project’s centerpiece is a 5,000 square foot permanent pavilion that has a flexible, open floor plan that houses ever-changing exhibits and events. Its primary focus is the story of agriculture and the many ways technology is shaping the agricultural landscape.

WeatherReadyFest
The 2018 WeatherReadyFest event was held at the St. Louis Science Center featuring talks, demonstrations and displays from the National Weather Service and other government and private agencies.

Washington University in St. Louis CCSN Outreach
Washington University students participating in the Cognitive, Computational and Systems Neuroscience (CCSN) pathway have created a series of exhibitions displayed at the St. Louis Science Center in an outreach program since the pathway's inception in 2008.

title: Saint Louis Science Center


text:
Northern Ireland Sign Language

Northern Ireland Sign language (NISL; Teanga Chomharthaíochta Thuaisceart Éireann) is a sign language used mainly by deaf people in Northern Ireland.

NISL is described as being related to Irish Sign Language (ISL) at the syntactic level while the lexicon is based on British Sign Language (BSL) and American Sign Language (ASL).

A number of practitioners see Northern Ireland Sign Language as a distinct and separate language from both BSL and ISL though "many 'Anglo-Irish' Northern Irish signers argue against the use of the acronym NISL and believe that while their variety is distinct, it is still a part of British Sign Language."

the British Government recognises only British Sign Language and Irish Sign Language as the official sign languages used in Northern Ireland.

title: Northern Ireland Sign Language


text:
Brandon Thomas (playwright)

Walter Brandon Thomas (24 December 1848 – 19 June 1914) was an English actor, playwright and songwriter, best known as the author of the farce Charley's Aunt.

Born in Liverpool to a family with no theatrical connections, Thomas worked in commerce, and as an occasional journalist, before achieving his ambition of becoming an actor. After a succession of minor roles, he became increasingly sought after as a character actor. He wrote more than a dozen plays, the most celebrated of which, Charley's Aunt, broke all historic records for plays of any kind with an original London run of 1,466 performances, opening in 1892. It has had numerous subsequent productions all around the world, including many film and musical theatre adaptations.

Although Thomas never repeated the prodigious success of Charley's Aunt, he maintained a career as an actor and dramatist until his death, acting mostly in comedy, but with occasional serious roles in the plays of Shakespeare and others.

Early years
Thomas was born in Mount Pleasant, Liverpool, the eldest of the three children of Walter Thomas (d. 1878), a bootseller, and his wife, Hannah, née Morris. He was educated at the Liverpool Institute and later at a private school in Prescot, Lancashire. At the age of 14, he enlisted in the Royal Marines but was bought out after six weeks and apprenticed to a shipbuilder. He learned bookkeeping and became a clerk with local Liverpool timber merchants, until 1875, when he took a similar post in Hull, where his family was by then living.

Thomas augmented his salary with occasional journalism; The Times noted that at 17 he published "a striking pamphlet" attacking the hymn-writers Moody and Sankey. His chief love, however, was the theatre. He appeared as an amateur in Hull, singing and reciting at temperance concerts, and performing in music halls and drawing room entertainments, playing the piano and singing his own songs. Through the influence of a local businessman, Albert Rollit, he secured an engagement with William and Madge Kendal at the Court Theatre in London. He made his first professional stage appearance there at age 30, in April 1879, as Sandy in The Queen's Shilling.

Early stage career
In addition to playing small parts, Thomas continued to write, and the Kendals accepted his play Comrades for production after it was revised by B. C. Stephenson. This "new and critical comedy" opened at the Court in 1882, with a cast including Arthur Cecil, D. G. Boucicault and Marion Terry. When the Kendals moved from the Court Theatre in Chelsea to the St. James's Theatre in the West End, Thomas went with them and remained in their company playing small roles until 1885, when he joined Rosina Vokes's company as its leading man on an American tour that lasted into the middle of 1886. On his return to London, he continued to write, producing several plays in the mid to late 1880s, and to appear in supporting roles. He first attracted significant attention in Sweet Lavender by Arthur Wing Pinero. In the role of the banker Geoffrey Wedderburn, "he at once leapt into favour as a strong and virile representative of elderly men".

In 1888, two days before his fortieth birthday, Thomas married Marguerite Blanche Leverson (1865–1930), daughter of James Leverson, a diamond merchant, and his wife, Henrietta. The marriage had been long delayed because of objections on religious grounds by the Leverson family. Thomas and his wife had three children, Amy Brandon Thomas, Jevan Roderick Brandon Thomas (1898–1977), who each had theatrical careers, and Sylvia M. Brandon Thomas (born c. 1905), who did not.

As a character actor, Thomas had the great advantage of a facility for regional accents. Of one performance, the critic W. A. Lewis Bettany wrote: "The dialect was of course perfect; is not our actor the one acknowledged master of dialect on the stage?" He was well received in two Scottish roles in this part of his career, Tammy Tamson in his own play A Highland Legacy (1888), and Macphail of Bullocheevin in Pinero's The Cabinet Minister (1890). As the latter, "with practically nothing to say he made the uncouth young Highlander, tied to his mother's apron strings, stand out as one of the most diverting features of the piece." In 1891, Thomas had a conspicuous artistic and financial success in a triple bill at Terry's Theatre. At the instigation of George Edwardes, he invested £1,000 in a production of three one-act plays: his own The Lancashire Sailor, Weedon Grossmith's A Commission, and Cecil Clay's A Pantomime Rehearsal. He took prominent roles in all three, displaying his versatility as "a romantic young lover, a delightfully cynical model and as the heavy, stupid Captain." The production ran for 152 performances, transferring to the Shaftesbury Theatre and making a good profit.

Charley's Aunt and later years
Thomas's outstanding hit was the farce Charley's Aunt. It was written for his friend, the actor W. S. Penley. Later the two disagreed (and went to court) about how much, if any, of the plot was Penley's invention rather than Thomas's. Penley told a journalist in 1894, "The play was my idea and Brandon Thomas wrote it.  Later on, we went down into the country and worked at it.  Then we worked it out on the stage." Penley produced the play and took the star role of Lord Fancourt Babberley, an undergraduate whose friends Jack and Charley persuade him to impersonate the latter's aunt. The early performances of the play were given on tour in the English provinces, beginning at Bury St Edmunds on 29 February 1892. The Royalty Theatre in London became unexpectedly vacant, and Penley took it, opening Charley's Aunt there on 21 December 1892. For the first few weeks in London, Thomas played the role of Sir Francis Chesney, the benevolent father of one of the undergraduates; he regularly played the part in later revivals until shortly before his death. The play was an immediate success and transferred to the larger Globe Theatre on 30 January 1893. It ran for a record-breaking 1,466 performances across four years, closing on 19 December 1896. It was simultaneously toured by seven companies in the United Kingdom.

The piece was successfully staged throughout the English-speaking world and, in translation, in many other countries. It had a major success on Broadway in 1893 and was revived there several times. In 1894, it was given both German and French premieres and was produced in Berlin every Christmas for many years. In 1895, The Theatre recorded that Charley's Aunt had been taken up in country after country. "From Germany it made its way to Russia, Holland, Denmark and Norway, and was heartily welcomed everywhere." Thereafter, it was frequently revived for decades and successfully adapted for films and musicals.

Thomas's career as a character actor continued to prosper. In 1892, he played in W. S. Gilbert's Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, a parody of Hamlet, and Faithful James, by B. C. Stephenson, with Ellaline Terriss, both at the Court Theatre. In 1895, he starred in a revival of The Rivals in another dialect role, Sir Lucius O'Trigger. Bernard Shaw wrote that Thomas succeeded in the part, "mainly by not doing what is expected of him". Other parts in which Thomas attracted praise were the Pope in Hall Caine's The Eternal City (1902) and John of Gaunt in Richard II to the King Richard of Herbert Beerbohm Tree (1903).

Thomas continued to write plays, but he never matched the success of Charley's Aunt. His later titles included Marriage, 1892; The Queen of Brilliants, adapted from the German with music by Edward Jakobowski, 1894; The Swordsman's Daughter (an adaptation of a French play, with Clement Scott), 1895; 22a Curzon Street, 1898; Women Are So Serious, 1901; Fourchette & Co., 1904; and A Judge’s Memory, 1906. He was also well known as an author and singer of "coon songs".

Thomas died at his home in Bloomsbury, London, in 1914, aged 65, after a brief illness. He was buried in Brompton Cemetery. In its obituary notice, The Times quoted him as saying, "I hoped to go down to fame as a great actor. If I go at all it will be as the author of Charley's Aunt."

Notes and references
Notes

References

title: Brandon Thomas (playwright)


text: Category:Ossetia

title: Category:Ossetia


text: User talk:195.101.52.174

title: User talk:195.101.52.174


text:
User talk:WGFinley/Instantnood Advocacy

Please use this page for all questions/comments on my advocacy for Instantnood.

I need your help
Hello Wgfinley. A request for arbitration has been filed against me at WP:RFAr by Snowspinner as the AMA advocate for jguk. What do you think I can do? — Instantnood 20:50, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you very much. First I have to declare that Wally approached me for my previous request for assistance (over the use of "mainland China"), and she/he told me she/he was going to accept this request to help dealing with the RFAr. I am not familiar with AMA procedures, but I believe assistance from you and from her/him will be equally important and helpful.
 * The conflict started when I joined Wikipedia and discovered quite a lot of entries, mainly to do with "mainland China" and "Republic of China", on Wikipedia were not NPOV, and were not sticking with the political NPOV section of the naming conventions. For contents, I fixed them, and for titles, I nominated them onto WP:RM, WP:CFD and WP:TFD. Some were passed but many are voted down. I took the advice from some of the proponents, and I tried to have it settled on the talk page of the naming conventions. It led to lengthy discussions running through February and March. Huaiwei, SchmuckyTheCat and jguk were some of the strong opponents of the moves. Participants of the discussions generally agreed that each page should be handled on a case-by-case basis. As the matter has to be solved, I said I was going to proceed to have polls on April 4 for "China"/"PRC" vs. "mainland China". The polls were created on April 9. Some considered it as a surprise, and complained the idea to have polls was not publicised before they were created, and jguk nominated the page to VFD.
 * Thanks again for your generous help. I do hope the matter can be solved some day in a peaceful way, and to put an end to the long dispute. Let me know if you need further details. — Instantnood 22:02, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * Just FYI, I'm a 'he', but I compliment my client on his thoroughness. :) Wally 22:12, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Instantnood Advocacy
I'd be happy to work with you, if you'd like, or if you'd prefer to keep on with the Netoholic case that's cool too (I agree that your first duty is to old clients and then to new ones). On the other hand, that case does seem to be wrapping up. Nonetheless, it's your call, and you know what everything requires of your time. If nothing else I'd be thrilled to have another advocate to bounce things off of — I can unfortunately be a bit shrill and over-the-top and make an impression I don't intend, etc., that careful review and copyediting might avoid. Whatever role you'd like to take is fine with me, but on any level I have no problem working as a team.

Also, make sure you fix your sig. on Instantnood's page — it comes up as your IP rather than your sign-on. Wally 22:16, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The signature in IP has been fixed. :-) — Instantnood 23:01, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

Proposed filing response
BTW, although you write in the proposed filing response that jguk's position is the common names naming conventions, I think it should be noted in the response that even the common names naming convention says the following:
 * In cases where the common name of a subject is misleading (For example: "tidal wave" would be a misleading title since these phenomena have nothing to do with tides), then it is sometimes reasonable to fall back on a well-accepted alternative (tsunami, for example).

In the case of Taiwan vs. ROC, "Taiwan" is a name commonly used to refer to the ROC, but it is particularly misleading because it there are areas outside of Taiwan that are under ROC control. Likewise, in the China case, continuing to use "China" is misleading because it does not take into account the volatile issue between the PRC and ROC. In one respect, I do think that Instantnood has gone a bit overboard in pushing the use of "Mainland China" instead of "PRC", but at the very least, "China" should not be used according to even the common names naming convention. --Umofomia 01:54, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I think the proposed new title in the draft response could be improved. I see a real danger that it will be misunderstood as a content dispute, which is a direction that the ArbCom has refused to take. Rather, it should be emphasized that this case is about policy and specifically whether and how policy enforcement should be attempted. In other words, the ArbCom should, among other things, rule on: (1) whether Naming conventions (Chinese) is to be considered valid policy without ruling on the contents and scope of this policy (as long as it's supported by community consensus and is compatible with more general policies of WP); (2) if it is policy, how it should be enforced. An alternative title might be something like Status and enforcement of project-specific policies.

I would stay away from any specific mention of China, PRC, ROC, etc., since certain parties may try to bring in specifics of the whole China/Taiwan debate. But this is emphatically not what's at stake here – rather, such discussions should take place, and have taken place, on the naming conventions talk page. What's at stake is whether we want to have unifying policies like the naming conventions (which, if done properly, would save us a lot of repetitive debates by providing a single venue for discussion). If so, they need to be enforced somehow. People have objected to polls, saying that "there are better ways" to achieve the same goals. Yet many different ways have been tried without success. The ArbCom should at least outline what they consider to be reasonable procedures in cases like this. --MarkSweep 22:28, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Filing Changes
I implemented the proposed changes on the user page take a look and let me know what you think. Also, if, after it is filed you would like to enjoin in the case feel free to do so there, I'll let you know when I've posted the response. Need to talk to Wally and Instantnood first. --Wgfinley 01:43, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

My thoughts
I like the reply as is, but with the following recommended alteration:

''While we concur that arbitration is likely the best forum for this dispute we do not agree to limitation of the scope of the case nor the current title of the case as filed. Instantnood (and his supporters) has (have) been engaged in a project to bring articles, categories, and lists into compliance with the NPOV China Naming conventions, as well as the acknowledged 'real-world' system of categorization (which, likewise, is designed to avoid the pitfalls of the China political and legal disputes). Instantnood has consistently and merely sought to bring many items into compliance with that policy by use of the votes cited in Jguk's filing; this was specifically designed to be on a case-by-case basis, as cursory reading of the poll results show.''

Otherwise, sounds good to me. Let me know what you think of the above (excluding the formatting, which I may have bollocksed). Wally 03:18, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Also, the name thing
Let's not make a big stink over the name of the case, specifically. We are not (at least not directly and specifically) taking issue with jguk, and it is one party bringing the case rather than a general breakdown that leads both to seek this alternative. Moreover, the point of the case is not to get anyone kicked from the Wiki (as both sides agree) but rather to establish a precedent and settle outstanding issues. Therefore, it's basically a test case and Instantnood is the exemplar for his position, making the name at least somewhat appropriate. Plus, we don't want to make any stinks that we don't have to. Wally 03:21, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Very true, especially the last point. Best to keep it simple. If I recall correctly, jguk and other have argued in the past (I'm paraphrasing here) that the naming conventions for China-related articles are in conflict both with the overall NPOV policy, and also with the policy to use common names. All these cases involve matters of content and policy making, i.e., agreeing on the naming conventions. I would find it important to make it very clear to the ArbCom that they are not asked to rule on the substance of these policies, which are generally arrived at by community consensus (except for NPOV, which is non-negotiable). Rather, they need to resolve, IMO, (1) a matter of precedence between policies (the general NPOV rule and the more specific NPOV-guideliens for China-related articles), and (2) the implementation of these policies. They specifically do not need to resolve any content issues or rule on the substance of various policies.

 * Polls may not be the best way to implement policy – polls aren't even the best way to set/amend policy, as the ArbCom is well aware (especially in light of the recent attempts to amend the arbitration guidelines themselves). At one point Xiong essentially appointed himself "dictator" (this was well-intentioned and in good faith, as far as I can tell), threatening to personally revert all efforts to change name usage in an article to something other than what the first author used. Needless to say, this would have been unworkable and met with strong opposition. I don't recall many revert wars. In fact, Instantnood has been very cautious, seeking debate where he could have just gone ahead and changed things. For example, several of the requested moves he posted on WP:RM had targets that were red links, i.e., a non-admin user could have made those moves without discussing them at all (risking offending others, of course). Instead, Instantnood has tried to reason with people and explain his proposals. His attempts were seen as disruptive and an RFC was started against him. (I wrote an outside view in which I argued that the debate was at its core a content debate. I now realize that was wrong – the debate was about policy, or rather enforcement, all along.) When Instantnood started the recent polls, the polls themselves were nominated for deletion (a questionable move, in my opinion), and people voted to delete saying that there are better ways to implement changes. Given that many different attempts have failed, I truly wish the ArbCom would sketch out guidelines that would allow us to break out of the current stalemate one way or the other. --MarkSweep 04:31, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The name of the case isn't that huge of a deal, I was just concerned about the case becoming "Instantnood" and didn't think it was very fair. I also agree we aren't out to discredit Jguk so much as point out that the way he and his supporters are handling the issue is skirting around NPOV policy. That's what I tried to bring out in the diffs I cited.

--Wgfinley 04:36, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Made changes as per suggestions. --Wgfinley 04:41, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Allow me to just point out that the term "supporters" may need to be clearly quantified if there is a need to expand this discussion beyond "Instantnood vs Jguk". I read the above statement, and I started wondering if you guys are suggesting that anyone who opposes any of Instantnood's moves are inherently Jguk's supporters. That is quite far from the truth. There are many of us between the spectrum of those supporting all moves, and those opposing all of them, as is obvious in the wide range of discussions going on across pages. Not all those who oppose the moves are "skirting NPOV policy", given intense debates surrounding the NPOV of the convention as well. I do hope a more comprehensive look at discussions can be made before making sweeping comments implicating a lot more people then it should. Thanks! --Huaiwei 10:50, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * If the claim is that this is to a large extent about precedence and enforcement of policies, then it may be better to not paint this as a polarized debate between two fractions. Granted, I believe there are two vocal parties on opposite sides of this debate, but Huaiwei is right that there are intermediate positions as well. However, I'd like to stress again that this is not about which moves should be carried out. I don't think the ArbCom would ever consider deciding on which articles should be renamed. Rather, this is about what steps the community can take to ensure that global decisions (naming conventions) arrived at by consensus are not blocked locally (when deciding what title to use for a specific article), or what to do when local decisions run counter to more encompassing principles. For illustrating this particular kind of problem, it's sufficient to have two parties that disagree. The precise nature and extent of the disagreement is not really that important. --MarkSweep 13:53, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Take myself for example, someone who seems to keep getting entangled in the above debates, and quite a vocal one at that. I disagree with quite a number of moves by Instantnood, but it does not mean I oppose all of them, or I support all moves by "the opposing faction", if any. For eg, I do not oppose the usage of the term "ROC" over that of "Taiwan", and I am open to any means of interpretation of the term "China", but I am most vocal against the use of the term "Mainland China" in place of the PRC.

 * What does this illustrate? That there is are "two factions" is trivalising the issue into a "pro-convention" and "anti-convention" camp which by the way it is being presented, unfairly tips the scales in favour of one of these supposed "camps", based on an allergation that they are "skirting NPOV". I have seen User:Jiang opposing some moves proposed by Instantnood, without contradicting the convention, because the convention (by my interpretation) does not dictate which terms should be used in all situations, many of which are controversial and not clear cut. Instantnood interprets the same convention differently. Should the ArbCom rule on its interpretation, or its enforcement? Or both?--Huaiwei 14:41, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I think that while the "supporters" term in still, there was only one phrase in the filing that bugged me a bit after I reread it and that was about supporters attempting to undermine the convention. Instead of paint it as something deliberate (which may or may not be true in some cases but certainly not all) I changed the wording that these attempts "have had the effect of undermining" the convention.  I think that significantly changes the meaning of the sentence.  Again, our goal is to get some direction on how these types of disputes are handled -- we certainly are of the opinion that should include bringing all of the articles into compliance and then letting consensus building continue on the NPOV China Naming convention.  --Wgfinley 14:28, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Re: Proposed Filing Response
Thanks a lot for the effort you and Wally have paid. The current one is fine. :-D Let me know at any time if there's anything come up in your mind, or further information that you want to know. By the way, you may be interested to take a look at User:Instantnood/RFAr. — Instantnood 05:52, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * I am watching quite close to the edits by SchmuckyTheCat and is updating the page frequently, whenever there's a need to do so. By the way, you may also be interested to take a look of the followings:

{|width=100% cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 style="background:transparent"
 * width=25| ||style="background:#ffffff"|
 * width=25| ||style="background:#ffffff"|

Discussions at Talk:China, Talk:People's Republic of China, Talk:Republic of China and Talk:Taiwan

 * Talk:China
 * /old
 * /Archive 1
 * /Archive 2
 * /Archive 3
 * /Archive 4
 * /Archive 5
 * Talk:People's Republic of China
 * #Page moves of "X in People's Republic of China " articles (a block move request by Curps on WP:RM)
 * Talk:Republic of China
 * Talk:Taiwan
 * /Archive1
 * #Organizing ROC-Taiwan articles
 * #Subarticles
 * #Subsections

Discussions

 * Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions %28Chinese%29/NPOV basically the whole page
 * Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions %28Chinese%29/archive4 (especially #Political NPOV section, #A plea for understanding)
 * Edits by 160.39.195.88 (contributions of 160.39.195.88) (read this edit too :-) )

Some older ones

 * Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Chinese)/archive3
 * #China or People's Republic of China
 * #China Includes Taiwan, and Tibet. At least Until Today

Early history of the naming conventions

 * Early history of the naming conventions
 * Taiwan as part of ROC
 * Usage of "mainland China", with reference to Hong Kong and Macao

Attempts to change the NPOV section

 * Attempts by Curps #1, #2
 * Jguk adding tag
 * SchmuckyTheCat adding tag
 * Attempts by 160.39.195.88 #1, #2
 * }
 * — Instantnood 07:12, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * See also the position of jguk at Talk:Internet censorship in the People's Republic of China and Category talk:Airports of the People's Republic of China. — Instantnood 07:29, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for reaching people and invite them to comment and to provide information. Refdoc said something at Requests for arbitration/Instantnood/Evidence just now, and you may be interested to hearing from her/him. — Instantnood 22:20, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

Please also help watching User talk:Snowspinner :-D — Instantnood 22:27, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

Schmucky Evidence Page
Be careful on that evidence page that Schmucky started, we shouldn't do any responses there because a) the case hasn't been accepted for evidence yet and b) that likely won't be the right place to put it, When (and if, although it certainly appears to be "when") the case gets accepted we can start putting evidence there.

I have been monitoring the RFAr page and responded to a comment Snowspinner made on our filing, Wally chimed in over there as well. --Wgfinley 22:45, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Evidence Workshop
I created a workshop page so that we can start piecing together evidence we plan on presenting. --Wgfinley 15:15, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Meeting and e-mail
I've proposed to Instantnood that we have an IRC meeting to discuss the case and plan out our actions. What channel we use I don't have any particular druthers; however the timing is important. I'm in US Eastern, and with Daylight Savings' I think that makes me UTC -4 at the moment. Obviously, we need to work out the time bit as best we can, and agree on a day well in advance. However, the sooner the better.

Also, we should start communicating over e-mail, as there are some issues and comments that I have that I would rather not be tossed around on talk pages. Mine is Paintball5320@aol.com, so drop me a note and include who you are in the subject line. The most important issue I want to work out is diffusion of responsibility — you and I probably ought to divide responsibility for certain issues in this case and focus on them individually, so we're not tripping over each others' feet. Wally 16:15, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Note on Instantnood's advocacy
Please correct me if I am wrong. In my understanding, jguk and Schmucky requested for arbitration to stop the so-called disrupting behavior but did not ask Arbcoms to determine how the contents of the Wikipedia should be edited.
 * Reference

It is in your statement "Instantnood's proposed changes should go forward," your advocacy proclaimed your intention to help your client to bring his proposals into reality (even facing strong opposition from the majority) as the result of the arbitration. Now you tell me, "We didn't bring this to arbitration" and also "it's not our intention to be imbroiding Arbcoms into the side (sic) of Instanthood." I wonder if I have I missed something. Or perhaps I misunderstood your statement?

I have no experience on the arbitration in Wikipedia and I am not sure how should this be processed, but please make the distinction between advocating for an act out of good faith and advocating for the result of the editing war. You are advocating for your client's act, not his ultimate result on the content which should be outside of the arbitration debate, I think. Wikipedia's contents are edited by contributers, not by the result of arbitration.--Mababa 01:45, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Your advise to ignore my question

 * Reference

First of all, it is utterly not true that I have been constantly questioning toward Instantnood. That is a distortion of the truth. I only question Instantnood when he makes questionable statements, such as when he claims that there is consensus endorsing his proposal on Taiwan-related articles. I am not an prosecuter, but actually an prosecuted. Instantnood has constantly pressing and questioning, debating on Taiwan-related articles. Please check the record yourself.

Instantnood does not owe me anything. However, he owes every who participated his vote a clean and unbiased voting regulation. Looking into his response, he seems evading his responsibility to correct the voting rule, and you also endorsed this practice by advising him to ignore other people's concern over the fairness of the vote he conducted.

And the rest of my response here. --Mababa 04:45, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * An illogical reference, in my opinion

Wgfinley -- I don't know how much clearer I can make this so let me try again. Your position is that the case is in arbitration and I respectfully agree, that a pending arbitration case is a pending arbitration case. However, You continue to distort the reality accusing me tring to argue this issue via multiple postings on discussion pages, my page, and virtually anywhere else you can find it. I don't find your actions to be doing anything to build a consensus and quite frankly I think you're just out to antagonize me.

I totally do not understand your logic to intruding my talk page at all. Apparently you have confused the voting rule debate with the arbitration case between your client and jguk and SchmuckyTheCat. Please help me understand this, is the debate over a Instantnood imposed simple majority voting rule which deviated from the Wikiepdia's rough consensus voting rule has anything to do with the pending arbitration? Is this debate touches your client's case at all? Or perhaps you have already become Instantnood's serrogate before anyone bring this voting rule case for mediation or arbitration. Please respond and show me the logic.

If you feel strongly about that the voting rule should be part of the arbitration case, feel free to contact Snowspinner about various positions you would like to see included favoring Instantnood. Be my guest!!! I'm sure he will be happy to consider your suggestions.

Confusing your client's arbitration case with the voting rule debate is not only at all unuseful but also unlogical. Finally, if you want to get Arbicoms involved into editing/content war, be my guest and I fully repect your position. I personally believe that it is the contributers makes the policy, not the consensus. No matter how long that obsolete consensus stays there, the verdict has been done through poll already. Even if that consensus do not specify how to be implemented in detail, as you might have already noticed. I know you don't agree, so please, you don't have to state it again. As to the voting rule debate, let's urge your client go forward, let Instantnood's position be heard in the voting page, and go forward from there. Instantnood has a good reputation so far to guard, and he knows what would serve his position best. On the other hand, you are his advocate, you knows whether neglecting people's question serves your client best.--Mababa 04:20, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Arbitration Committee case opening
The Arbitration request now entitled Instantnood, et al. has been accepted. Please bring evidence for your client to Requests for arbitration/Instantnood, et al./Evidence. Thank you. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 20:37, 2005 Apr 21 (UTC)

Motion
Please take note of Requests_for_arbitration/Instantnood_2/Workshop Fred Bauder 14:35, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:WGFinley/Instantnood Advocacy


text: Talk:West Virginia Wesleyan College

title: Talk:West Virginia Wesleyan College


text: User talk:205.188.117.72

title: User talk:205.188.117.72


text:
Essert

Essert may refer to the following places:

In France

 * Essert, Territoire de Belfort
 * Essert-Romand, in the Haute-Savoie département

In Switzerland

 * Essert, Switzerland, in the Canton of Fribourg
 * Essert-Pittet, in the Canton of Vaud
 * Essert-sous-Champvent, in the Canton of Vaud

title: Essert


text:
T. N. Seshan

Tirunellai Narayana Iyer Seshan (15 May 1933 – 10 November 2019) was an Indian civil servant, bureaucrat who served with the Indian Administrative Service and as a politician. After serving in various positions in Madras and in various ministries of the Central Government, he served as the 18th Cabinet Secretary of India in 1989. He was appointed the 10th Chief Election Commissioner of India (1990–96) and became known for his electoral reforms. He won the Ramon Magsaysay Award for government service in 1996. He unsuccessfully contested 1999 Gujarat assembly election from Gandhinagar constituency under Indian National Congress.

Early life and education
Tirunellai Narayana Iyer Seshan was born on 15 May 1933 in Thirunellai Village in Palghat, Kerala. He was youngest of six siblings and his father was a lawyer in a district court. He completed his schooling from Basel Evangelical Mission Higher Secondary School and intermediate from Government Victoria College, Palakkad where he was a contemporary of E. Sreedharan. Though both of them were selected for Engineering in JNTU Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, T. N. Seshan decided to join Madras Christian College (MCC). He obtained his Bachelor of Science (Honors) degree in physics from the Madras Christian College and later taught there from 1950 to 1952. In 1953, he had left Madras Christian College and cleared the police service examination but did not join. He cleared the UPSC civil services examination in 1954 and joined the IAS as a trainee of 1955 Tamil Nadu cadre.

Career
Seshan was appointed an apprentice administrator, as an assistant collector, for a year at Coimbatore, as a trainee of the Academy of Administration in Delhi. He was first appointed sub-collector in Dindigul. He moved to the Secretariat for Rural Development in Madras (now Chennai) and appointed director of programs and deputy secretary, where he managed a local administration programme for panchayats, from 1958 to 1962.

In 1962, he was appointed as the director of transport of Madras (now Tamil Nadu). In 1964, he was appointed collector of Madurai district. After two and a half years, he went to study at Harvard University on Edward S. Mason Fellowship where he earned a master's degree in public administration in 1968. At Harvard, he developed a connection with Subramanian Swamy who was his associate professor.

After his return in 1969, he was appointed as secretary to the Atomic Energy Commission. From 1972 to 1976, he served as joint secretary at the Department of Space. In 1976, he returned to Tamil Nadu and was appointed the state's secretary of industries and of agriculture for a brief period. After differences with the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, he resigned and moved to Delhi where he was appointed as a member of the Oil and Natural Gas Commission and was in charge of personnel. After two years, he served as additional secretary to the Department of Space from 1980 to 1985. Later he became secretary of the Ministry of Environment and Forests from 1985 to 1988. He opposed the Tehri dam and Sardar Sarovar dam on Narmada river during his stint but was overruled. He was later given the additional position of secretary of Internal Security which he served until 1989. In 1988, he served secretary of the Ministry of Defence for ten months. He was appointed 18th Cabinet Secretary, the senior-most position in the Indian civil service hierarchy, in 1989 and later served as a member of Planning Commission.

He was appointed as the 10th Chief Election Commissioner and served from 12 December 1990 to 11 December 1996. According to interview given by him to Business Standard, Law Minister Subramanian Swamy played a vital role in this appointment. He became best known for his electoral reforms. He redefined the status and visibility of the Election Commission of India. He identified more than hundred electoral malpractices and reformed the election process. Some of reforms he implemented include enforcement of election code of conduct, Voter IDs for all eligible voters, limit on election candidates' expenditure, appointing election officials from states other than the one facing polls. He curbed several malpractices like bribing or intimidating voters, distribution of liquor during elections, use of government funds and machinery for campaigning, appealing to voters' caste or communal feelings, use of places of worship for campaigns, use of loudspeakers and high volume music without prior written permission.

During the 1999 Indian general elections, due to his reforms, 1488 candidates were disqualified for three years for failing to submit their expenditure accounts. It was reported that he reviewed more than 40,000 expenditure accounts and disqualified 14,000 candidates for false information. In 1992, the Election Commission canceled elections in Bihar and Punjab due to electoral issues.

Later life
After retirement as the CEC, he contested the 1997 Indian presidential election and lost to K.R. Narayanan. He taught leadership at the Great Lakes Institute of Management in Chennai and had briefly taught at the LBSNAA, Musoorie. In 2012, the Madras High Court appointed him as an interim administrator to run the Pachaiyappa's Trust in Chennai.

He died at his home in Chennai on 10 November 2019. He fought on a Congress ticket against BJP'S veteran Lal Krishna Advani in 1999 from Gandhinagar and lost.

Recognition
He received the Ramon Magsaysay Award for government service in 1996.

Personal life
He was married to Jayalakshmi Seshan from 1959 until her death in March 2018. They did not have any children. He knew several languages including, Malayalam, Tamil, Sanskrit, English, Hindi, Kannada, Marathi and Gujarati.

External References

 * 1994: Seshan: An intimate story, by K Govindan Kutty, Konark Publishers, ISBN 978-8122003918
 * Complete profile

title: T. N. Seshan


text:
Raga rock

Raga rock is rock or pop music with a pronounced Indian influence, either in its construction, its timbre, or its use of Indian musical instruments, such as the sitar, tambura, and tabla. The term "raga" refers to the specific melodic modes used in Indian classical music.

The style emerged as part of the psychedelic rock aesthetic in the 1960s. Most raga rock recordings originate from that decade, although there are subsequent examples of Indian-derived sounds in rock and pop music, particularly during the 1990s.

Definition
Ragas are specific melodic modes used in the classical music of the Indian subcontinent. The term "raga rock" originated in March 1966 as a description of rock music that featured Indian sitar styling. According to musicologist Jonathan Bellman, citing Lillian Roxon's 1969 book Rock Encyclopedia: "This catchphrase eventually came to describe any Rock song that evoked an Indian or general Oriental mood, whether by use of sitar or another instrument imitating it." Music journalist Rob Chapman says the phrase was a "catch-all term" and "something of a misnomer", since it was often applied to any piece of rock music that "used non-European instrumentation or music styles to denote its exotic qualities".

A major influence on raga rock was the music of Bengali sitarist Ravi Shankar. He himself became a pop music icon in 1966, following the rise of the raga rock trend. Rock's use of elements from the Indian classical tradition included:

 * sitar (usually serving the role of an electric guitar)
 * drone, provided by tambura in raga performances and by Indian harmonium in vocal pieces
 * modal melodies based on Indian scales
 * vocal stylings
 * additive, rather than divisive, rhythms (tal)
 * question-and-answer interplay (jawab-sawal) between lead instruments
 * lead instruments mirroring the vocal line
 * lyrical themes related to mysticism or religious symbolism.

Antecedents
Writing for Crawdaddy! in December 1966, Sandy Pearlman traced the origins of raga rock to folk music, specifically the drone-producing guitar tunings which American folk musician Sandy Bull had been incorporating into his music since 1963. More recently, Chapman and author John Schaefer have both noted that English folk guitarist Davey Graham's raga-tinged arrangement of the Irish ballad "She Moved Through the Fair", from 1963's From a London Hootenanny EP, predated the raga rock experimentation of 1960s rock groups by two years.

Early examples
Music researcher William Echard states that "Heart Full of Soul" by the Yardbirds, which was released in June 1965, "is frequently cited as a key text in starting the trend" towards incorporating Indian-inspired elements in rock music. An Indian sitarist and a tabla player accompanied the Yardbirds on a demo recording of the song, but only the tabla part was deemed usable. Instead, Jeff Beck emulated the sitar figure, tone and accompanying drone on the electric guitar for the master recording. The song reached number 2 on the UK chart and number 9 in the US. According to Chapman, the other record "chiefly credited with introducing raga motifs into Western pop" is the Kinks' July 1965 single "See My Friends", which was another top-ten hit in the UK. Written by Ray Davies and inspired by a visit to India, the song used open-tuned guitars to imitate the drone produced by an Indian tambura. Davies' vocal affectations added to the track's Indian quality; in author Peter Lavezzoli's description, "See My Friends" was "the first pop song to evoke an Indian feel". Before either of these examples, the Beatles' April 1965 single "Ticket to Ride", which was number 1 in many countries around the world, featured a melody that author Ian MacDonald terms "raga-like" over a subtle Indian drone produced by electric guitars.

"Heart Full of Soul" and "See My Friends" were both influential on the emerging trend, but according to author Jon Savage, "the first truly mass exposure" was through the Beatles' 1965 film Help!, which included incidental music played by Indian session musicians. Writing in 1997, Bellman commented that the Yardbirds and Kinks recordings were often overlooked in discussions of raga rock's origins, as history instead highlighted the Beatles' "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)". Issued in December 1965 on the band's Rubber Soul album, the folk-styled "Norwegian Wood" was the first Western pop song to incorporate the sitar, which was played by lead guitarist George Harrison, and the first to feature Indian instrumentation played by a rock musician. The song's popularity inspired a wave of interest in the sitar and Indian sounds, a phenomenon that Shankar later called "the great sitar explosion". According to authors Nicholas Schaffner and Bernard Gendron, raga rock was inaugurated by the release of "Norwegian Wood".

The Byrds' raga-rock press conference
The Byrds' March 1966 single "Eight Miles High" and its B-side, "Why", were also influential in originating the subgenre. Whereas earlier recordings by the Kinks, the Yardbirds and the Beatles had used Indian sounds to complement standard song forms, the Byrds incorporated the improvisational technique typical of Shankar's work and of John Coltrane's jazz interpretations of ragas. In his 1968 Pop Chronicles interview, however, Byrds member Roger McGuinn denied that "Eight Miles High" was raga rock; co-writer David Crosby also dismissed the term. While many listeners assumed that the lead instrument on these and other songs on the Byrds' Fifth Dimension album was a sitar, McGuinn played a Rickenbacker 12-string electric guitar throughout, and had customised his guitar amplifier to achieve the sitar-like sound.

The term "raga rock" was coined by the Byrds' publicist in press releases for "Eight Miles High" and was first used in print by Sally Kempton of The Village Voice in her report of the band's press conference for the single's release. The press conference was organised by former Beatles publicist Derek Taylor and took place in New York on 28 March, with a sitar symbolically placed in front of the table where the Byrds sat. Kempton wrote dismissively of the event, during which McGuinn and Crosby spoke earnestly of the group's adoption of Indian influences, with the two musicians demonstrating raga techniques on sitar and acoustic guitar, respectively, while their two bandmates appeared bored and instead read magazines. Kempton said that the message was lost on those attending the press conference, namely female reporters from teen magazines and conservative-looking representatives from the music industry.

Hit Parader reported on the Byrds demonstrating how "sitar-like sounds" could be played on guitar by tuning the standard E strings down to D; this allowed the guitarist to play in partial open tuning, whereby "the bottom three strings provide the drone sound and the upper strings are bent to play the melody." The term "raga rock" was soon adopted by British music publications such as the New Musical Express and Music Echo, and an early discussion of raga rock appeared in Melody Maker in April. According to Gendron, however, the fusion of Indian and Western sounds continued to be treated with disdain by writers from the American cultural press, who viewed the new subgenre as part of the consolidation of folk rock.

Peak popularity and impact
In May 1966, the Rolling Stones issued the raga rock single "Paint It Black", which featured a sitar part played by guitarist Brian Jones and became an international number 1 hit. According to author Mark Brend, the song "spawned a whole subgenre of minor-key psychedelia". The Hollies' "Bus Stop", released as a single in June, was another example of the style's growing popularity. Echard identifies the song's sitar-like guitar solo as both an authentic indicator of raga rock and a device seemingly aimed at exploiting the trend.

Along with "Eight Miles High", Echard highlights the Beatles' Revolver album among the "landmark" raga rock music issued in 1966. Released in August, it included "Love You To", written by Harrison especially for sitar and tabla interplay, and "Tomorrow Never Knows", which featured heavy tambura drone, tape loops and psychedelic instrumentation. The album represented pop music's most overt incorporation of Indian instruments, musical form and philosophy up to that point, with the influence also evident in the use of vocal melisma and in the Indian-inspired guitar solos on "Taxman" and "I'm Only Sleeping". That same month, the Paul Butterfield Blues Band released the album East-West, the title track of which (originally titled "The Raga") had evolved from their live performances since February. Led by guitarist Mike Bloomfield, the 13-minute instrumental fully explored the modal improvisation introduced by McGuinn on "Eight Miles High". Bloomfield likened the Indian drone to "the sound a bee makes: a steady hum" and said that while the pattern was essentially simple, the "challenge" was in "improvis[ing] a free melody around the one basic drone". In Lavezzoli's view, Bloomfield's playing on "East-West" "opened the door to unlimited freedom of expression for all rock guitarists, from Eric Clapton and Jerry Garcia to Duane Allman and Jimi Hendrix".

During the height of the subgenre's popularity that year, Indian musicians also contributed to its development. Released on the World Pacific record label in June, the Folkswingers' Raga Rock album featured Harihar Rao, a Los Angeles-based sitarist and ethnomusicologist, accompanied by jazz musicians and members of the Wrecking Crew. A September 1966 issue of Life magazine reported on the growth of the raga rock trend in association with the proliferation of psychedelic-themed shops in San Francisco and New York. Acts such as Donovan, the Moody Blues, the Doors, the Pretty Things and Traffic also recorded in the raga rock style. Having been accepted as a student by Shankar in June 1966, Harrison travelled to India for intensive sitar study in September. Harrison's championing of Indian culture further popularised the trend among Western musicians and, in Schaffner's description, earned him the sobriquet "the maharaja of raga-rock". While many musicians at this time adopted the sitar as a fad, he, Jones, Shawn Phillips (Donovan's guitarist) and session player Big Jim Sullivan were among the London-based guitarists who approached the instrument with a serious interest and shared their ideas.

In his article for Crawdaddy!, Pearlman identified two categories of contemporary raga rock songs: those that merely adopted Indian sounds as an exotic feature, such as "Norwegian Wood", "Paint It Black" and Donovan's Sunshine Superman track "Three King Fishers"; and recordings that incorporated aspects of Indian music in their compositional form, such as "Eight Miles High" and Donovan's "The Trip". Davies' second raga rock song with the Kinks, "Fancy", from 1966's Face to Face album, again used chord changes minimally, but sufficient to keep the composition identifiable as Western pop. By contrast, Harrison adhered to the authentically Indian, single-chord form in "Love You To" and "Within You Without You", released on Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band in June 1967, and both songs were arranged in a Hindustani classical structure, with distinct alap, gat and drut gat sections. He also incorporated a wide range of Indian instrumentation by 1967, with sitar, tambura, tabla, dilruba and swarmandal, and later on, sarod, shehnai, bansuri and pakhavaj. Another foray into raga rock on Sgt. Pepper, John Lennon's "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" included tambura drone and a guitar part in which Harrison, playing in unison with Lennon's vocal, imitated the role of a sarangi player accompanying a khyal singer.

One of Crosby's final songs with the Byrds, "Mind Gardens", from the 1967 album Younger Than Yesterday, incorporated drone and raga rock ambience, and vocals evoking the khyal tradition in style and ornamentation. The Doors closed their self-titled 1967 album with "The End", an 11-minute piece in the raga rock style. In Lavezzoli's description, guitarist Robby Krieger successfully conveyed "the brooding quality of the darker ragas" in his contribution to "The End", by first creating a drone on plucked open-tuned strings while also playing a motif in the manner of a sitar or veena, and then, towards the climax of the song, adopting the Indian jhala style, with rapid strumming alternating with the melody line. Lavezzoli writes that sitar sounds were becoming a "fixture in pop music" in 1967, with Dave Mason contributing sitar parts to Traffic's first two hit singles, "Paper Sun" and "Hole in My Shoe". Other acts used a Coral electric sitar, designed by American guitarist Vinnie Bell and manufactured by the Danelectro guitar company. Bell's 1967 album Pop Goes the Electric Sitar added to the collection of what Brend terms "sitarploitation" LPs – containing raga rock-style cover versions of well-known pop songs – a phenomenon that, inaugurated by Rao's Raga Rock, also included Sitar Beat and Lord Sitar by Big Jim Sullivan.

Consolidation and decline
Further examples of the subgenre in 1968 were the Rolling Stones' "Street Fighting Man", with its use of tambura and shehnai over distorted acoustic rhythm guitars, and Harrison's final Indian-style composition for the Beatles, "The Inner Light", which he recorded in January with Indian classical musicians in Bombay. These Bombay sessions also yielded part of Harrison's first solo album, a raga rock soundtrack to the 1968 film Wonderwall, titled Wonderwall Music. Music journalist Chris Ingham has noted Wonderwall Music's influence on the later raga rock sound of 1990s indie band Kula Shaker. In addition to using Indian elements in their single "Dark Star", Garcia's band the Grateful Dead incorporated raga rock, among several other styles, into the extended jams they performed in concert in 1968.

According to Echard, the raga rock trend was largely over by early 1968, having declined late the previous year. In Bellman's opinion, the musical exploration evident in raga rock over 1965–67 was largely replaced by a formulaic approach in 1968. He cited the Moody Blues' July 1968 release In Search of the Lost Chord as a work that combined the now-familiar sounds of sitar and tabla with an album-wide concept that reinforced the perceived connection between LSD and Transcendental Meditation (TM), following the Beatles' and Donovan's public endorsement of TM guru Maharishi Mahesh Yogi.

1970s and beyond
From 1969 and through the early 1970s, the British progressive rock band Quintessence mixed elements of Indian classical music with rock and jazz. Ananda Shankar (a nephew of Ravi Shankar) released his self-titled album in 1970, a raga rock work that blended sitar with Moog synthesizer. Later in the decade, guitarist John McLaughlin and his band Shakti introduced a jazz-influenced version of raga rock over the course of three albums.

In the 1990s, the British indie rock group Cornershop began to assimilate Asian instruments such as the sitar and dholki into their music, culminating with their 1997 album When I Was Born for the 7th Time. The album, which fused Indian music with rock, funk, hip hop and country music, featured the UK number 1 single "Brimful of Asha" (itself a tribute to Indian singer Asha Bhosle) and a cover of the Beatles' "Norwegian Wood" sung entirely in Punjabi. In 1996, the British rock group Kula Shaker had top 10 raga rock hits with "Tattva" and "Govinda", both of which included Sanskrit lyrics. The band continued to introduce raga rock material into their repertoire, including "Song of Love/Narayana", which lead singer Crispian Mills had also sung on the Prodigy's 1997 album The Fat of the Land. The Brian Jonestown Massacre released the albums Their Satanic Majesties' Second Request in 1996 and Give It Back! in 1997, both of which contained Indian and psychedelic rock influences.

Recently, a revival of sorts has been heralded by Western bands such as the Black Angels and the Brian Jonestown Massacre and Indian bands such as the Raghu Dixit Project, Agam and Swarathma, with an increasing blend of Western instruments with the traditional Indian ones – the flute and the sitar.

Lyrical themes and Orientalism
Some scholars approach raga rock and other uses of non-Western musical materials in Western popular music from sociological perspectives, especially as a manifestation of Orientalism. Common lyrical themes include drug use, sexual exploration, and spirituality.

"Eight Miles High" was the subject of radio bans in the United States due to its interpretation as an LSD song in which "high" referred to drug-induced euphoria. "Love You To" reflected countercultural ideology and, according to music critic Kenneth Womack, advocated hedonistic and carnal pursuits, while Lennon's lyrics in "Tomorrow Never Knows" were taken from the book The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead by Timothy Leary, Richard Alpert and Ralph Metzner. Partly under Shankar's guidance, Harrison channelled the teachings of the Hindu Vedas into his lyrics for "Within You Without You", providing a message that also served as the ethos behind the 1967 Summer of Love. Bellman writes that "the Kinks' use of eastern musical influences to allude to personal and sexual matters is directly in keeping with historical uses of exoticism as signifier for forbidden sexuality." Bellman and other scholars suggest that, through raga rock, the Orient once again becomes a Western fantasy land, mediated to mass culture audiences of the mid- and late twentieth century through rock and roll.

title: Raga rock


text:
User:Feco/dict

Dictionary Definitions
Thanks for contributing to wikipedia. It looks like an article you contributed in the past was a dictionary-style definition. Most likely, your page was deleted or moved to Wiktionary, the open-source dictionary. If you'd like to contribute definitions, use the Wiktionary link to start writing. For information about including content in wikipedia, you can read information here to see the guidelines. Feco

title: User:Feco/dict


text:
Fumblerules

A fumblerule is a rule of language or linguistic style, humorously written in such a way that it breaks this rule. Fumblerules are a form of self-reference.

The science editor George L. Trigg published a list of such rules in 1979. The term fumblerules was coined in a list of such rules compiled by William Safire on Sunday, 4 November 1979, in his column "On Language" in The New York Times. Safire later authored a book titled Fumblerules: A Lighthearted Guide to Grammar and Good Usage, which was reprinted in 2005 as How Not to Write: The Essential Misrules of Grammar.

Examples

 * "Avoid clichés like the plague."
 * "Don't listen to any advice."
 * "Ending a sentence with a preposition is one thing that I will not put up with."
 * "English is the crème de la crème of all languages."
 * "Eschew obfuscation, espouse elucidation."
 * "It is bad to carelessly split infinitives."
 * "Never use no double negatives."
 * "No sentence fragments."
 * "Parentheses are (almost always) unnecessary."
 * "The passive voice should never be employed."
 * "You should not use a big word when a diminutive one would suffice."
 * "And don't begin a sentence with a connective."
 * "Using discourse markers in academic writing basically sounds terrible, you know."

title: Fumblerules


text:
Épendes

Épendes may refer to:

 * Épendes, Fribourg
 * Épendes, Vaud

title: Épendes


text:
Talk:Igor (given name)

Why on earth has all the stock character information been deleted???? Purple Rose

 * Vandalism, I guess. I'll reinsert it.--Wiglaf 06:24, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Do not reinsert the rest of the information
This page should describe the etymology of the name Igor, and perhaps give some further background into the name and famous people who held it. Information about the character has no place here.

If someone considers it important, I created another article Fictional Character Igor. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.98.21.59 (talk • contribs) 15:59, 22 May 2005 (UTC).

Including lists of people with the name Igor
Based on previous discussions on other names, I think removing the lists of people with a name is the minority opinion. See Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style (disambiguation pages), Articles for deletion/Allen (surname), Talk:Jennifer. -- JHunterJ 12:02, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm pretty sure that there is also a russian assasin known only as "Igor". I think it was the russian government that pointed the finger at him after being charged with the radiaion killing of a detective inquiring into the assassination of a spy (spy killed by radiation poisoning too). I dont know...I do some more reasearch. Check outAlexander Litvinenko for info.--Will James 23:40, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.137.212.217 (talk) 15:30, 27 May 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Igor (given name)