text:
Hrafna-Flóki Vilgerðarson

Hrafna-Flóki Vilgerðarsson (Old Norse: ; Modern Icelandic: ; born 9th century) was a Norseman that intentionally sailed to Iceland. His story is documented in the Landnámabók manuscript; however, the precise year of his arrival is not clear. He was of Norwegian origin.

Voyage to Iceland
In 868, Flóki left to search for the land found by Garðar Svavarsson way up in the north. He was accompanied by his family on his journey; his wife was named Gró and his children included Oddleifur and Thjódgerdur. From Western Norway he set sail to the Shetland Islands where it is said his daughter drowned. He continued his journey and landed in the Faroe Islands where another of his daughters was wed. There he took three ravens to help him find his way to Iceland, and thus, he was nicknamed Raven-Flóki (Old Norse and Hrafna-Flóki) and he is commonly remembered by that name.

Others making the trip included Thorolf (Þórólfr) and two men named Herjolf and Faxe (Herjólfr and Faxi). After sailing for a while from the Faroes, Flóki set the ravens free. The first raven flew back to the Faroes; later, the second flew up in the air and back on board, but the third flew northwest and did not return. Flóki now knew they were close to land, and so they followed the third raven. After sailing west past Reykjanes, they spotted a large bay. Faxe remarked that they seemed to have found great land. The bay facing Reykjavík was therefore known as Faxaflói (lit. 'Faxe's bay').

Flóki set up a winter camp in Vatnsfjörður at Barðaströnd. The summer was very good, so Flóki was ill-prepared for the cold winter that followed. Waiting for the spring, Flóki hiked up the highest mountain above his camp, now believed to be Nónfell in Westfjords. From there, he spotted a large fjord; Ísafjörður, then full of drift ice. Thus, he named the entire land Ísland (Iceland). When Flóki and the other men returned to Norway, they were asked about the newly found land. Flóki believed it to be worthless. Herjolf believed that the land had both good and bad qualities. Thorolf claimed that butter was smeared on every straw on the land that they had found. Thorolf was then nicknamed Thorolf Butter (Þórólfur smjör). Despite speaking ill of the land, Flóki later returned and settled to live there to his death.

In fiction
Floki the boat builder, a character played by Swedish actor Gustaf Skarsgård in the History channel's Vikings television series, is loosely based on Hrafna-Flóki Vilgerðarson. In season 5 of the show he arrives in Iceland, believing he has found Asgard.

title: Hrafna-Flóki Vilgerðarson


text:
Toda Katsushige

Toda Katsushige or Toda Shigemasa was a daimyō in Sengoku and Azuchi–Momoyama periods. At first, Shigemasa served Niwa Nagahide. In 1585, after Nagahide died, Shigemasa served Toyotomi Hideyoshi and was given 10,000 koku at Echizen Province.

He took part in the expedition to Kyūshū in 1586, the siege of Odawara in 1590, and the Battle of Bunroku in 1592.

In 1600, he took part in Ishida Mitsunari's force at the Battle of Sekigahara. He fought under the command of Ōtani Yoshitsugu. However, he died in the battle since Kobayakawa Hideaki, Wakisaka Yasuharu, and others betrayed him.

According to one estimate, including those taking part in Tokugawa Ieyasu's force, many people regretted Shigemasa's death because of his strength, and he had been respected by many daimyos.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Toda Katsushige


text: User:Ccy

title: User:Ccy


text:
Earlham Road

Earlham Road (the B1108) is a road in Norwich, England, linking the city centre to the area of Earlham to the west of the city and the Norwich southern bypass (A47) beyond.

Details
The road formerly marked the northern limit of the Golden Triangle, a prime residential area of southwest Norwich. The term has since been expanded by local estate agents to include most of the southern region of the city within the outer ring road.

At the city end of Earlham Road lies the Roman Catholic Cathedral of St. John the Baptist, a dominant Neo-Gothic building built as a church in 1882 and designed by brothers George Gilbert Scott Junior and John Oldrid Scott. Almost directly opposite lies the city's only synagogue. Nearby is St. Thomas's Church of England parish church, at the bottom of Edinburgh Road and Caernarvon Road.

The stretch of road between the city centre and the ring road has a number of pubs, including the Black Horse, the Mitre, and the Workshop popular among the large student population in the area. Shortly beyond the ring road lies City Academy Norwich, a secondary school that has been oversubscribed since the closure of the failing Bowthorpe School nearby.

The main entrance to the University of East Anglia (UEA) is just beyond Earlham School. On the other side of the road is Earlham Park, comprising part of the former grounds of Earlham Hall, a country house used by UEA since the university opened in 1963 and now home to its law school.

Since the building of the new Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital on the B1108 on the eastern edge of the city, Earlham Road has become the main artery out of the city for ambulances.

Notable events
On 3 March 1988, Earlham Road was the scene of the bizarre sinking of a double-decker bus. The cause of the event was found to be the collapse of a Medieval chalk mine discovered under the road. The source of the photograph circulated across the globe via various internet humour websites and email circulars is not known; the image shown is from a different source.

The day after the bus incident, following the publication of photos in national newspapers, Cadbury's began using the photo with the catchline 'Nothing fills a hole like a Double Decker', in reference to the company's chocolate bar. The advert won a series of awards and international recognition.

title: Earlham Road


text:
Talk:Thin skull rule

How can the crumbling skull rule both be in defence of the thin skull rule and rebut it? — J I P | Talk 15:28, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thin skull rule


text:
User:Korath/autovfd.js

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text: User talk:62.12.108.107

title: User talk:62.12.108.107


text:
Talk:Bicycle tools

Chain tool vs chain splitter
I believe these are two different names for the same thing? Does anyone know otherwise? If not, I'll combine the two items. AndrewDressel 13:10, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
 * This sounds right to me. A google image search for both names seems to agree. - SCEhard T 13:29, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the speedy reply. Done. AndrewDressel 13:54, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bicycle tools


text:
Torres Islands

The Torres Islands are an island chain in the Torba Province of the country of Vanuatu, the country’s northernmost island group. The chain of islands that make up this micro-archipelago straddles the broader cultural boundary between Island Melanesia and several Polynesian outliers located in the neighbouring Solomon Islands. To the island chain’s north is Temotu Province of the Solomon Islands, to its south is Espiritu Santo, and to its southeast are the Banks Islands. To the west, beneath the ocean surface, is the deep Torres Trench, which is the subduction zone between the Australian and Pacific plates.

The seven islands in the Torres group, from north to south, are Hiw or Hiu (the largest), Metoma, Tegua, Ngwel (an uninhabited islet), Linua, Lo or Loh, and Toga. The island chain stretches across 42 km. The highest point of the chain is only 200 m above sea level. These islands are less rugged than the other islands of Vanuatu that lie further to the south. Contrary to popular belief, only a few stretches of the Torres Islands' coastlines are graced with white sand beaches; in reality, their shores are mostly made of rocky coral uplift.

As of mid-2004, the Torres Islands had a total population of approximately 950 people, dispersed across at least ten settlements of various sizes, all located on or near coastal areas. The names of these settlements are: Yögevigemëne (or Yögemëne for short), Tinemēvönyö, Yawe and Yakwane (on Hiw), Lotew (on Tegua; sometimes misspelled Lateu), Lungharegi, Telakwlakw and Rinuhe (on Lo), and Likwal and Litew (on Toga). A small airstrip on Linua, opened in 1983, provides the only regular transportation link between the Torres Islands and the rest of Vanuatu. Lungharegi is the administrative centre for the Torres Islands, but its governance role is minimal. It has a community phone and medical clinic, but no bank or police station, and only two sparsely stocked stores.

Name
The name “Torres” was bestowed on the islands by European cartographers, in remembrance of the sixteenth-century navigator Luis Vaz de Torres, who had briefly visited the islands of North and Central Vanuatu in April, May and June 1606, as part of a Spanish expedition across the Pacific, from South America to Terra Australis. The navigator's name was also bestowed on the important Torres Strait, which separates mainland Australia from the island of New Guinea. Ironically, Torres never saw, or even heard about, the Torres Islands. However, his commander, the Portuguese captain Fernandes de Queirós, serving the Spanish Crown, did sail near the Torres Islands at one point in search of the Santa Cruz Islands.

Long before Europeans arrived, the indigenous inhabitants and neighbors of these islands had called them by various other names, the most important of which, in Proto-Torres-Banks, was *Vava (> Lo-Toga Vave, Mwotlap (with locative prefix a-) Avap ). However, after the name “Torres” began appearing on maps, that name eventually stuck, and the islands have now been widely known by that name for almost two hundred years. Today, even the inhabitants of the islands use that name, and only the oldest among them recall the Lo-Toga name Vave. They now designate their group of islands as ‘Torres’, and in general are indifferent to (or unaware of) the origin story of the name.

History
The meagre archaeological data suggests that the Torres Islands were first populated around 3200 years ago. There is abundant archaeological and oral-history evidence that, before European contact, the pattern of settlements in the Torres Islands was quite different from pattern prevalent in the coastal villages of today. It appears that, back then, most villages and extended family areas (called nakamals, or ‘gemël’) were located on higher ground, away from the shore, and were inhabited by fewer people. Thus, the islands were probably dotted with small clearings, in the middle of which were a handful of households and public spaces.

Although several European explorers reached the islands in the 19th century, in the early 1880s the islanders were quickly drawn into the sphere of influence of the Melanesian Mission, which pressed the Torres inhabitants to concentrate in coastal settlements more accessible and controllable by missionaries. Around this time, a Torres islander, known today by his Christianised name of Adams Tuwia, was transferred to the Mission's headquarters on Norfolk Island, where he eventually became ordained a priest. However, the first Melanesian ever to be ordained as a Christian priest was George Sarawia, from the neighbouring Banks Islands. Because the Anglicans had set up their regional centre of operations in the Banks Islands, the mission's leadership decided to adopt the language of Mota Island (in the Banks island group) as the language of choice for translating and transmitting Christian teachings across the whole region comprising they Banks, Torres and Temotu island groups. As a result, according to local accounts, the Mota language continued to be taught in the Torres mission school until the early 1970s, and it is still possible to find elder Torres Islanders who are partly fluent in Mota.

Notwithstanding the existence of a mission in the Torres Islands in the late nineteenth century, a non-local missionary only came to reside in those islands for an extended period in the first decade of the 20th century. This was the Rev. Walter John Durrad, who lived on Tegua and then moved to Lo between 1905 and 1910.

The first permanent mission station and church-house of the Torres Islands was originally established by Durrad on the south coast of Tegua, but was eventually moved to Vipaka, on the south west side of Lo, following an apparent rumour of incestuous behaviour by the high chief of Tegua, whose sin was judged to be too abhorrent for the sensitivity of the Mission's leadership. More importantly, during this time - between the second half of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth - the population of the Torres Islands suffered catastrophic decline as a combined result of the various epidemic diseases that were introduced by Europeans and the accelerated out-migration provoked by Blackbirding. According to vaguely worded Mission records located at the Diocese of Banks and Torres headquarters on Sola (Vanua Lava), at some time in the early 1930s the total population of the Torres group numbered no more than 56 persons. Hence, the subsequent recovery of the indigenous population of these islands, along with the continuity of linguistic and cultural values that they still exhibit, can be described as nothing less than remarkable. Despite the fact that they belonged to a broader regional complex of human and material exchanges that extended well into present-day Temotu province (in the Solomons), the Torres Islands eventually became part of the Anglo-French Condominium of the New Hebrides in 1906, and were subsequently incorporated into the Republic of Vanuatu in 1980.

Ecology
Like the rest of the country, the islands are in the Vanuatu rain forests ecoregion. The coconut crab (Birgus latro) is one of its most famous species. However, since the opening of the airstrip at Linua these animals became the single most important cash crop in the Torres group. To date, the sale of Birgus has been directly governed by the fluctuating demand of the tourist market in faraway Port Vila and, to a lesser degree, the provincial township of Luganville. Predictably, the high demand for crab resulted in a gradual but incremental decline in the Birgus population across North Vanuatu, and led to a visible depletion of this creature's numbers in the Torres group. Consequently, various concerned individuals and groups successfully pressured the local provincial government of SanMa (the province in which Luganville is located) to declare a temporary ban on the sale, purchase or consumption of crab in that province. This ban first took effect in the first semestre of 2004 and is intended to be lifted sometime in early 2008. In the meantime, exports of crab from the Banks and Torres Islands (i.e. TorBa Province) to Port Vila is regulated through a relatively inefficient scheme of "open" and "closed" seasons and intra-regional quotas.

Languages
Two closely related yet distinct languages are spoken in the Torres group: Hiw and Lo-Toga. Hiw is spoken by the population (about 280 people) of the sole island of Hiw. Lo-Toga is spoken on the southern parts of the Torres, essentially on the islands of Lo and Toga (about 580 people); it consists of two very close dialect varieties, Lo and Toga (note that Toga is sometimes used as a cover term for the two dialects). There is no mutual intelligibility between Hiw and Lo-Toga, but many Hiw speakers are bilingual.

Hiw and (Lo-)Toga belong to the East Vanuatu languages, a subgroup of the Oceanic family. As is the case for most unwritten languages of Vanuatu, no detailed description has ever been published yet on them. In 2004 the linguist Alexandre François undertook the first descriptive study of these two languages, which is currently in progress.

Culture
The islanders divide themselves ethnically into essentially two groups, matching their linguistic division. The cultural differences existing within the Torres Is., at least in the perception of the islanders, essentially match language boundaries: that is, two groups are recognised — the 'people of Hiw' vs the 'people of Toga'; however, a secondary, less essential division is drawn between the two populations of Lo and Toga. The islanders were first described in very general - and not always accurate - ethnographic terms by W. J. Durrad at the beginning of the twentieth century (fragments of Durrad's notes were eventually published in the 1940s), and have been the bailiwick of the anthropologist Carlos Mondragón since 1999.

Today the inhabitants of the Torres Islands continue to follow to the same general patterns of subsistence agriculture and supplementary fishing activities that their ancestors did. In addition, key aspects of their ancestral knowledge and ritual cycles are still generally extant. These are dominated by two male-centred institutions, known as the hukwe (which is the equivalent of the suqe in the Banks Islands ) and the lēh-temēt. The hukwe constitutes the local complex of status-alteration rituals by which men are able to acquire greater status and power, while the lēh-temēt is the name given to a smaller group of men who have been initiated into specific types of ritual knowledge that are directly relevant to the manipulation of mana (generative potency or power) and, more specifically, to the relationship between the living and the dead. The most impressive and visible aspect of the activities of the initiates of the lēh-temēt are the manufacture and use of ritual headdresses known as temēt (primordial spirits) during special singing and dancing ceremonial rituals. In fact, the headdresses are known as temēt because they are considered to BE the temporary physical manifestations of temēt; hence, the use of headdresses is considered to be an extremely delicate operation, during which the possibility of spiritual pollution has to be closely monitored and controlled. It is partly for this reason that the headdresses are always destroyed immediately at the end of the ceremony. Notwithstanding the continuity of certain core customary practices, many important and profound changes have transformed the lives and worldviews of these people as a result of more than a century of contacts and interpenetration by the Anglican church, colonial administrators and traders, and, most recently, the postcolonial influence of the nation-state and the international world market - whose greatest direct manifestation is in the form of cash, independent travellers, sailing ships and luxury cruise liners which visit this island group every so often.

title: Torres Islands


text:
Pan-Caribbean Congress

The Pan-Caribbean Congress (PCC) is a unitary Caribbean-wide political organisation that was officially formed on April 27, 2003 in Barbados. According to the earliest press releases, there were six member islands at the time of formation. The new party was formed under the auspices of and in collaboration with the Clement Payne Movement, of Barbados.

The Insignia: The symbol of the organisation is a steelpan, containing within it the outlines and names of the various states and territories of the Caribbean region.

The Motto: "One People, One Caribbean, One Destiny."

During the three-day meeting, a five-member steering committee was selected, and the participants came from:

 * Antigua and Barbuda
 * Barbados
 * Grenada
 * Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
 * Trinidad and Tobago

The Five-member steering committee:

 * Mr. Bobby Clarke - Barbados
 * Mr. David Comissiong - Barbados
 * Mr. David Denny - Barbados
 * Mr. André Liverpool - Saint Vincent
 * Mr. Courtwright Marshall - Antigua
 * Mr. George Odlum - St Lucia was appointed as senior advisor to the steering Committee.

The group has the goal of forming a "Union of Caribbean States" through a full political union of all member states. Although only six states were at the original grouping, the PCC hopes to expand into every single Caribbean territory and state, whether independent or not.

title: Pan-Caribbean Congress


text:
User talk:Darkside2010

My Thoughts on Wikipedia
The idea of an online encyclopaedia where "any" article can be edited by "anybody" is bordering on the insane. but somehow it works!

I love it!! Surely Wikipedia is the greatest invention since the internet itself!

 * Wikipedia quickly becomes an addiction.

darkside2010 13:38, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Welcome!
I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my New-Users' Talk Page.

Additional tips:
 * Here are some extra tips to help you get around Wikipedia:
 * If you want to play around with your new Wiki skills, try the Sandbox.
 * Click on the Edit button on a page, and look at how other editors did what they did.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: ~~~. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too. Always sign comments on Talk pages, never sign Articles.
 * You might want to add yourself to the New User Log
 * If your first language isn't English, try Contributing to articles outside your native language

Happy editing! Yes, I am happy editing, thank-you. That should be some kind of mantra ;-) Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 15:33, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Hey, thanks Mel. Its nice to get a welcome. I suppose I prrobably should be posting this on your user talk page, but I'm still getting used to the ways of the wiki. darkside2010

Solar cells
Hi and welcome to Wikipedia!

I really appreciate your idea to work on the solar cell article. I think it can be improved much, and I'd be glad to help you. By the way, you say that you are doing your phd in the field of solar cells, and I've seen on your page that you are living in Sydney, so I was wondering if you are working with Prof. M. Green? Glaurung 14:29, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi Glaurung,

 * Thanks for the welcome. It is my pleasure to work on the solar cell article, and I am most appreciative of your help. Yes, indeed, I do work with Martin Green (although not directly). It seems this guy is a living legend. Perhaps a page should be created about him ;-)

 * Obviously you have some interest in solar cells if you know (of) Martin Green.

 * Can you tell me, is there a way for us to communicate (perhaps via email) without our discussions being viewable by the world at large? Or is this just some kind of prudish hangup I am experiencing, being a new wikipedia user?

 * Darkside2010,
 * I indeed have an interest in solar cells and I worked in a research lab in Switzerland, which was active in the field of thin film solar cells. Wikipedia is kind of an inclusive encyclopedia, and there is no doubt that an article on Martin Green would be appropriate. You can of course reach me by e-mail (samr AT bluewin DOT ch) Glaurung 06:18, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Jeez, Glaurung, don't leave your email addy hanging out in the breeze. Spambots love that kind of thing! Grace Note 13:37, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

comment
Hello. In the comment box of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Solar_cell.png, you used a profanity. Just to mention that a reader complained about it. Anthere 11:04, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

Energy portal
Hi! As a contributor to WikiProject Energy development, I thought you might like to be aware of the opportunity to contribute to the new Energy Portal, now that there is one... No need to reply. Gralo 17:33, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

Energy portal & future selected articles
Hi! Over the past couple of months I've been spending much more time than I should developing the Energy portal, and intend asking for a portal peer review within the next day or so. The portal provides a showcase for energy-related articles on Wikipedia. One of the most prominent ways is via a the selected article that is currently changed every 6 weeks or so. It would be good to increase this turnover, and with three Wikiprojects dedicated to energy-related topics and a good number of articles already written, I'd like to suggest that members of each Wikiproject might like to use the 'selected article' to feature some of their best work. With this in mind, I'd like to suggest that your Wikiproject bypasses the normal selected article nomination page and decides collectively which articles are worth featuring - or these may be self-evident from previous discussions - and add short 'introduction' to the selected article at the appropriate place on page Portal:Energy/Selected article/Drafts, which includes further information. Your personal involvement would be welcome! Please make any comments on your Wikiproject talk page, my talk page, or on Portal talk:Energy/Selected article/Drafts, as appropriate. Gralo 15:27, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Please help improve Plug-in hybrid
You are listed as a participant in WikiProject Energy development, so I am asking you to please consider helping to improve the plug-in hybrid article. This is an ad hoc article improvement drive. BenB4 08:11, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

Notability of China Sunergy
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on China Sunergy, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because China Sunergy seems to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable. To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait before possibly deleting China Sunergy, please affix the template to the page, and put a note on its talk page. If the article has already been deleted, see the advice and instructions at WP:WMD. Feel free to leave a message on the bot operator's talk page if you have any questions about this or any problems with this bot, bearing in mind that this bot is only informing you of the nomination for speedy deletion; it does not perform any nominations or deletions itself. --Android Mouse Bot 2 03:26, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Darkside2010


text: User talk:61.1.233.66

title: User talk:61.1.233.66


text: User:Violetriga/Templates/chemistry

title: User:Violetriga/Templates/chemistry


text:
Talk:Dismal Swamp Canal

Blurb for DYK
Did You Know

...thatDismal Swamp Canal which is part of the Intracoastal Waterway runs along the edge of the Great Dismal Swamp in Virginia and North Carolina is the oldest continually operating man-made canal in the United States, celebrating its bicentennial year in 2005?

I'd like to see a map (or a link to one) showing the path of the canal throught the various states.

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Dismal Swamp Canal. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050405115747/http://www.icw-net.com:80/dscwelcome/ to http://www.icw-net.com/DSCwelcome/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070502164633/http://www.hq.usace.army.mil:80/history/Vignettes/Vignette_91.htm to http://www.hq.usace.army.mil/history/Vignettes/Vignette_91.htm

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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 22:43, 13 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dismal Swamp Canal


text:
Everybody Have Fun Tonight

"Everybody Have Fun Tonight" is a song by the English new wave band Wang Chung, released as a single from their fourth studio album Mosaic in 1986. Collaboratively written by Jack Hues, Nick Feldman, and Peter Wolf, it reached no. 2 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart during the 1986 Christmas season. It also hit No. 1 on the Canada RPM Top 100 Singles chart the week of 17 January 1987. With some different lyrics, the original ballad version of the song was placed on the B-side.

After their break-up in 1991, Wang Chung reunited in 2005 to perform this song on the television show Hit Me, Baby, One More Time.

The song is featured on numerous 1980s compilation albums and still receives some radio airplay across the United States. It has appeared in the "#2s" episode of VH1 Classic's One Hit Wonders series, even though the band is also known for "Let's Go!" and "Dance Hall Days".

Critical reception
Billboard called it a "self-celebrating dance rocker" that "[coins] a new verb."

Track listing
7-inch Geffen / 7-28562 (USA)
 * 1) "Everybody Have Fun Tonight (edit)"
 * 2) "Fun Tonight: The Early Years"

7-inch Geffen / GEF 13F (UK)
 * Side one
 * 1) "Everybody Have Fun Tonight (edit)"
 * 2) "Fun Tonight: The Early Years"

 * Side two
 * 1) "Dance Hall Days"
 * 2) "Don't Let Go"

7-inch Geffen / P-2193 (JPN)
 * 1) "Everybody Have Fun Tonight (edit)"
 * 2) "Fun Tonight: The Early Years"

12-inch Geffen / 0-20551 (USA) and TA 2589 (UK)
 * Side one
 * 1) "Everybody Have Fun Tonight (12 Inches of Fun)" – 6:45
 * 2) "Everybody Have Fun Tonight (edit)" – 3:59*

 * Side two
 * 1) "Everybody Dub Tonight" – 6:02*
 * 2) "Fun Tonight: The Early Years" – 4:12

*times as indicated on record label (not actual)

12-inch (Promo) Geffen / PRO-A-2581 (USA)
 * Side one
 * 1) "Everybody Have Fun Tonight (Edit)" – 3:59

 * Side two
 * 1) "Everybody Have Fun Tonight (LP Version)" – 4:47

Music video
The music video, directed by Godley & Creme, features scenes of the band playing in a wood-lined room with very rapid editing between different takes of the same performance. The band and additional musicians and dancers are seen in several formations throughout the video. They are shown in close portrait and seated along a row of chairs, the seating arrangement of which was changed with each take. Each shot flips through up to four takes of the same shot, with some shots approaching up to 1/25th of a second between edits. The video was banned by the BBC from airing after its premiere due to a medical expert retained by the BBC’s screening committee claiming it could possibly trigger “epileptic fits”.

Other versions
In 2020, Wang Chung released a rewritten version of the song known as "Everybody Stay Safe Tonight" featuring Valerie Day. The rewritten lyrics reflects the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the Black Lives Matter movement. It was released on 8 June 2020.

title: Everybody Have Fun Tonight


text:
Umbrella plant

The common name umbrella plant can refer to several unrelated species:

 * Cyperus alternifolius (umbrella papyrus)
 * Darmera peltata (Indian rhubarb)
 * Diphylleia cymosa (umbrellaleaf)
 * Eriogonum longifolium var. harperi (Harper's umbrella plant or Harper's buckwheat)
 * Podophyllum peltatum (American Mayapple)
 * Heptapleurum arboricola (umbrella tree)

title: Umbrella plant


text:
Devon colic

Devon colic was a condition that affected people in the English county of Devon during parts of the 17th and 18th centuries, before it was discovered to be lead poisoning.

The first written account of the colic comes from 1655. Symptoms began with severe abdominal pains and the condition was occasionally fatal. Cider is a traditional drink of Devonians, and the connection between the colic and cider drinking had been observed for many years. The condition was commonly attributed to the acidity of the beverage.

William Musgrave's publication De arthritide symptomatica (2nd edn, 1715) included the first scientific description of "Devonshire colic" – it was later referred to by John Huxham and Sir George Baker.

However, the precise cause was not discovered until the 1760s when Dr George Baker put forward the hypothesis that poisoning from lead in cider was to blame. He observed that the symptoms of the colic were similar to those of lead poisoning. He pointed out that lead was used in the cider making process both as a component of the cider presses and in the form of lead shot which was used to clean them. He also conducted chemical tests to demonstrate the presence of lead in Devon apple juice.

The publication of his results met with some hostile reaction from cider manufacturers, keen to defend their product. Once Baker's conclusions became accepted and the elimination of lead from the cider presses was undertaken, the colic declined. By 1818, Baker's son reported that it was "hardly known to exist" in Devon.

Poitou colic
An illness with identical symptoms was described from Poitou in western France in a work of 1616 by François Citois. It was known in English sources as Poitou colic. It was likewise demonstrated to be a form of lead poisoning in a 1757 publication by Théodore Tronchin of Geneva.

title: Devon colic


text:
Talk:Reputation management

Wiki Education assignment: Research Process and Methodology - SP24 - Sect 201 - Thu
— Assignment last updated by Wangzitong1018 (talk) 22:36, 25 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Reputation management


text:
John Mercer Langston

John Mercer Langston (December 14, 1829 – November 15, 1897) was an American abolitionist, attorney, educator, activist, diplomat, and politician. He was the founding dean of the law school at Howard University and helped create the department. He was the first president of what is now Virginia State University, a historically black college. He was elected a U.S. Representative from Virginia and wrote From the Virginia Plantation to the National Capitol; Or, the First and Only Negro Representative in Congress From the Old Dominion.

Born free in Virginia to a freedwoman of mixed ethnicity and a white English immigrant planter, in 1888 Langston was elected to the U.S. Congress. He was the first Representative of color from Virginia. Joseph Hayne Rainey, the black Republican congressman from South Carolina, had been elected in 1870 during the Reconstruction era.

In the Jim Crow era of the later 19th century, Langston was one of five African Americans elected to Congress from the South before the former Confederate states passed constitutions and electoral rules from 1890 to 1908 that essentially disenfranchised blacks, excluding them from politics. After that, no African Americans would be elected from the South until 1973, after the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed authorizing the enforcement of their constitutional franchise rights.

Langston's early career was based in Ohio where, with his older brother Charles Henry Langston, he began his lifelong work for African-American freedom, education, equal rights and suffrage. In 1855 he was one of the first African Americans in the United States elected to public office when elected as a town clerk in Ohio. The brothers were the grandfather and great-uncle, respectively, of the renowned poet Langston Hughes.

Early life and education
John Mercer Langston was born free in 1829 in Louisa County, Virginia, the youngest of a daughter and three sons of Lucy Jane Langston, a freedwoman of mixed African-American and Native American descent. She may have had ancestry from the regional Pamunkey tribe. Their father was Ralph Quarles, a white planter from England and her former master. Quarles had freed Lucy and their daughter Maria in 1806, in the course of what was a relationship of more than 25 years. After that, their three sons were born free, as their mother was free. John's older brothers were Gideon and Charles Henry.

Lucy had three children with another partner before she moved into the Great House and deepened her relationship with Quarles. Their three sons were born after this. Of the older half-siblings, William Langston was most involved with Quarles's sons. After their father's death, he relocated with them and a guardian to Chillicothe, Ohio (see below). Before his death, Ralph Quarles arranged for his Quaker friend William Gooch to be made guardian of his children. As requested by Quarles, after the parents both died in 1833 when John Langston was four, Gooch moved with the boys and their half-brother William Langston to Chillicothe, Ohio, in a free state. Quarles had reserved funds for the boys' education. In 1835 the older brothers Gideon and Charles started at the Oberlin Preparatory School, where they were the first African-American students to be admitted. Gideon looked much like his father; at the age of 21 Gideon took Quarles as his surname and thereafter was known as Gideon Quarles. During this time, young John Mercer Langston lived in Cincinnati, part of that time with John Woodson and his wife. He also attended the private Gilmore High School.

The youngest Langston followed his brothers, enrolling in the Oberlin preparatory program. John Langston earned a bachelor's degree in 1849 and a master's degree in theology in 1852 from Oberlin College. He is the first known Black to apply to an American law school. Denied admission to law schools in New York and Ohio because of his race, one school told him that "Students would not feel at home with him, and he would not feel at home with them." Langston would study law (or "read the law", as was the common practice then) as an apprentice under abolitionist attorney and Republican US congressman Philemon Bliss, in nearby Elyria; he was admitted to the Ohio bar—the first Black— in 1854. In Ohio, Langston was closely associated with abolitionist lawyer Sherlock James Andrews.

Marriage and family
In 1854 Langston married Caroline Matilda Wall, at the time a senior at Oberlin College. From North Carolina, she was the daughter of an enslaved mother and Colonel Stephen Wall, a wealthy white planter. Wall freed his mixed-race daughters Sara and Caroline, and sent them to Ohio to be raised in an affluent Quaker household and educated. An intellectual partner of Langston, Caroline had five children with him, one of whom died in childhood.

When Langston was serving as dean of Howard University's Law School, which he developed (see below), he and his family met James Carroll Napier, a student there. Napier married their daughter Nettie, who had graduated from Oberlin College. She later became an important activist. After law school, Napier had returned to Nashville, Tennessee, to set up his law practice before marriage. There he also became a successful businessman and politician. He was appointed in 1911 as Register of the Treasury in President William Howard Taft's administration and was one of four members of his "Black Cabinet".

Career
Together with his older brothers Gideon and Charles, John Langston became active in the abolitionist movement. He helped refugee slaves to escape to the North along the Ohio part of the Underground Railroad. In 1858 he and Charles partnered in leading the Ohio Anti-Slavery Society, with John acting as president and traveling to organize local units, and Charles managing as executive secretary in Cleveland. John played a key role in the influential Oberlin–Wellington Rescue of 1858.

In 1863, when the federal government approved founding of the United States Colored Troops, John Langston was appointed to recruit African Americans to fight for the Union Army. He enlisted hundreds of men for duty in the Massachusetts Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth regiments, in addition to 800 for Ohio's first black regiment. Even before the end of the war, Langston worked for issues of black suffrage and opportunity. He believed that black men's service in the war had earned their right to vote, and that the franchise was fundamental to their creating an equal place in society.

After the war, Langston was appointed inspector general for the Freedmen's Bureau, a Federal organization that assisted freed slaves and tried to oversee labor contracts in the former Confederate states during the Reconstruction era. The Bureau also ran a bank and helped establish schools for freedmen and their children.

In 1864 Langston chaired the committee whose agenda was ratified by the black National Convention: they called for abolition of slavery, support of racial unity and self-help, and equality before the law. To accomplish this program, the convention founded the National Equal Rights League and elected Langston president. He served until 1868. Like the later National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) founded in the early 20th century, the League was based in state and local organizations. Langston traveled widely to build support. "By war's end, nine state auxiliaries had been established; some twenty months later, Langston could boast of state leagues nearly everywhere."

In 1868 Langston moved to Washington, D.C., to establish and serve as the founding dean of Howard University's law school; this was the first black law school in the country. Appointed acting president of the school in 1872, and vice president of the school, Langston worked to establish strong academic standards. He also engendered the kind of open environment he had known at Oberlin College. Langston was passed over for the permanent position of president of Howard University School of Law; the selection committee refused to disclose the reason.

During 1870, Langston assisted Republican Senator Charles Sumner from Massachusetts with drafting the civil rights bill that was enacted as the Civil Rights Act of 1875. The 43rd Congress of the United States passed the bill in February 1875 and it was signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1875.

President Ulysses S. Grant appointed Langston as a member of the Board of Health of the District of Columbia.

In 1877 President Rutherford Hayes appointed Langston as U.S. Minister to Haiti; he also served as chargé d'affaires to the Dominican Republic.

After his diplomatic service, in 1885 Langston returned to the US and Virginia. He was appointed by the state legislature as the first president of Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute, established as a historically black college (HBCU) and land grant college at Petersburg. (It is now Virginia State University.) There he also began to build a political base.

In 1888, Langston was urged to run for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives by fellow Republicans, both black and white. Leaders of the biracial Readjuster Party, which had held political power in Virginia from 1879 to 1883, did not support his candidacy.

Langston ran as a Republican and lost to his Democratic opponent. He, with Jesse Lawson as his legal counsel, contested the results of the election because of voter intimidation and fraud. After 18 months, the Congressional elections committee declared Langston the winner, and he took his seat in the U.S. Congress. He served for the remaining six months of the term, but lost his bid for reelection as conservative white Democrats had regained political control of Virginia.

Langston was the first black person elected to Congress from Virginia, and he was the last for another century. In a period of increasing disenfranchisement of blacks in the South, he was one of five African Americans elected to Congress during the Jim Crow era of the last decade of the nineteenth century. Two men were elected from South Carolina and two from North Carolina. After them, no African Americans would be elected to Congress from the South until 1972, after passage of the Voting Rights Act to enforce the exercise of constitutional franchise rights for all citizens.

In 1890 Langston was named as a member of the board of trustees of St. Paul Normal and Industrial School, a historically black college, when it was incorporated by the Virginia General Assembly. In this period, he also wrote his autobiography, which he published in 1894.

From 1891 until his death in 1897, he practiced law in Washington, D.C. He died at his home, Hillside Cottage at 2225 Fourth Street NW in Washington, DC, on the morning of November 15. He was first buried at Harmony Cemetery in Maryland. Although there was discussion of reinterring him in Nashville, he was reinterred at Woodlawn Cemetery in Washington, DC.

Langston was the great-uncle of the poet James Mercer Langston Hughes (better known as Langston Hughes).

Legacy and honors
The John Mercer Langston House in Oberlin, Ohio, has been designated as a National Historic Landmark.

The town of Langston, Oklahoma, founded in 1890 as an all-black town, was named for him. The historically black college in the town, founded in 1897 as the Oklahoma Colored Agricultural and Normal University, was renamed Langston University in honor of John Mercer Langston in 1941.

Langston High School in Johnson City, Tennessee, established in 1893, was named for Langston. John M. Langston High School in Danville, Virginia was also named for John Mercer Langston, as was Langston High School in Hot Springs, Arkansas. Future leaders who attended this school included professional football player Ike Thomas, civil rights activist Mamie Phipps Clark, and physician Edith Mae Irby Jones.

John Mercer Langston Elementary School at 33 P Street NW in Washington, D.C. was named in his honor. It opened in 1902 as a school for black students and operated until 1993. In 1997 the building served as a homeless shelter, but it has mostly been vacant since the school closed.

On July 17, 2021, the Arlington County, Virginia County Board voted to rename its portion of U.S. Route 29, previously named Lee Highway, after John M. Langston. An elementary and community center on U.S. Route 29 already bear his name.

Langston Golf Course in Washington, DC is named in his honor.

Works
Selected works:

title: John Mercer Langston


text:
Waiting for Tonight

"Waiting for Tonight" is a song written by Maria Christensen, Michael Garvin, and Phil Temple. It was originally recorded by Christensen's girl group 3rd Party for their debut studio album, Alive (1997). Two years after the group disbanded, American singer Jennifer Lopez recorded her own version of the song for her debut studio album, On the 6 (1999). Ric Wake and Richie Jones produced Lopez's Hispanic house version of "Waiting for Tonight", which differs from the German-sounding Europop version that was recorded by 3rd Party. A Spanish version of the song, entitled "Una Noche Más", was adapted by Manny Benito and also recorded for the album. "Waiting for Tonight" was released on September 7, 1999, by the Work Group, as the third single from On the 6.

Music critics have credited "Waiting for Tonight", along with several other Lopez dance songs, for making her one of the leading artists in the dance-pop genre. The single reached the top ten in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. "Waiting for Tonight" became Lopez's first song to top the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart. The song also went number one on European radio. It earned her a nomination for Best Dance Recording at the 42nd Annual Grammy Awards in 2000.

The music video for the song was directed by Francis Lawrence and depicts a New Years theme-party celebrating the upcoming millennium, as well as a potential Y2K problem. The song was nominated for two MTV Video Music Awards, where it received the MTV Video Music Award for Best Dance Video. Lopez has performed the song on television programs such as Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve and the 11th Billboard Music Awards.

Writing and composition
"Waiting for Tonight" was written by Maria Christensen, Michael Garvin, and Phil Temple, originally recorded by Christensen's girl group 3rd Party. Lopez recorded her own version of "Waiting for Tonight" three years after the group's break-up for her debut studio album, On the 6 (1999). The song was first presented to Lopez and her producer Cory Rooney by Ric Wake. Lopez "hated the song" in its early demo format saying "I never want to hear that song again. It's horrible and so cheesy", while Rooney believed it had potential. Rooney said: "I begged [Ric] and said, 'Look, please we need to go back on this song. We need to work on this song and really produce it out.'" Wake informed Rooney that it would cost too much to rework the song, and Rooney subsequently paid $50,000, stating: "That's how much I believe the record is gonna be a hit for her." Upon hearing the new version, Lopez loved it, and wanted to record it right away.

Ric Wake provided the production for Lopez's version, which according to Garvin, differs from the "very German-sounding" Europop version that was recorded by 3rd Party. Richie Jones also produced the song and arranged it with Wake, while providing additional programming and arranging along with "Young" Dave Scheuer. Christensen, Jane Barrett and Margaret Dorn performed background vocals. Eric Kupper and Diego Sánchez played the keyboards, while Jones played the drums and percussion. Scheuer, Franklyn Grant, and Thomas R. Yezzi provided engineering for the song, with assistance from Juan Bohorquez and Robb Williams, while David Barrett served as production coordinator. The song was recorded at various recording locations in New York City, including Cove City Sound Studios, The Dream Factory, Hit Factory, and Sony Music Studios. The song was later mixed by Diego Sánchez at Cove City Sound Studios. As well as Crescent Moon Studio's

"Waiting for Tonight" is a dance-pop song with a length of four minutes and six seconds (4:06). According to the digital music sheet published at Musicnotes.com, the song is written in the key of B♭ minor. It follows a chord progression B♭m–A♭ 6 –Fm 7 –G♭ maj7. The instrumentation of "Waiting for Tonight" consists of a piano and guitar. The song has a tempo of 125 beats per minute. Sofia Vyas of Time Out described the song as a combination of disco, 1980s pop, 1990s R&B, and club music. "Waiting for Tonight" has sensual lyrics, with Lopez comparing her sex life to a movie scene.

Critical reception
"Waiting for Tonight" is the best song of Lopez's career according to Entertainment Weekly, the Chicago Tribune, Slant Magazine, and Idolator, being well received by radio, and with MTV describing the song as "classic Lopez". "Waiting for Tonight" was used frequently as a celebratory anthem, along with another Lopez song, "Let's Get Loud". People magazine stated that "Waiting for Tonight" became one of the "turn-of-the-millennium" club anthems. Lauren Zupkus of The Huffington Post praised it as an "epic dance hit", which was the "perfect anthem for all of our anxiety about Y2K". Los Angeles Times writer Gerrick D. Kennedy stated that "we can all admit that 'Waiting for Tonight' played at our respective millennium celebrations." Dee Lockett, writing for the Chicago Tribune, stated that songs such as "Waiting for Tonight" made Lopez "arguably the leading artist in the dance-pop movement at the time". Andrew Barker of Variety magazine called the song her "breakout club hit", and wrote that it "seemed to anticipate the rise of Euro-centric dance pop.

Although the song is not actually about the then-upcoming millennium and the year 2000, but instead about Lopez anticipating spending time with her lover, thus she's "waiting for tonight", marketing by the record label, as well as the music video funded by the label, tied the song to the new millennium instead. Stacy Lambe of VH1 stated the song quickly became a staple for Lopez. It simultaneously built up the excitement for the New Year while kissing off the fears and drama of the past. It was 1999 after all, and anything could happen." Nick Murray of Rolling Stone described it as "music worth getting lost in". In 2017, BuzzFeed listed the song at number 50 in their list of "The 101 Greatest Dance Songs Of the '90s". In 2018, Rolling Stone ranked "Waiting for Tonight" at number thirty on a list of "50 Greatest Latin Pop Songs", with Suzy Exposito writing: "A reflection of her own experience as a Puerto Rican in the mainland – a perspective shared by many Latinx people living in the United States – 'Waiting for Tonight' pays a soft tribute to the island sounds that raised her, while dominating dance charts around the world and cracking Top Ten on the Billboard Hot 100. Lopez was part of a 1990s Latin "explosion" that saw Latin artists having more mainstream success, that would later include Selena Gomez in the 2000s, just as Gloria Estefan and the Miami Sound Machine, and Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam helped paved the way starting in the 1980s." In 2019, Billboard ranked "Waiting for Tonight" as the ninth greatest song of 1999, stating "its themes are universal, the music is infectious, and the chorus remains timeless (...) If 'Tonight' premiered today, it would still be a smash."

David Browne of Entertainment Weekly was critical of the album On the 6, but he felt that "Waiting for Tonight" stood out among the album's tracks. Richard Harrington from The Washington Post was unfavorable of the song, calling it a "generic" dance track. Deseret News described Lopez's vocals as sultry but thin in songs such as "Waiting for Tonight". Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine observed that Lopez's vocals were best-suited for dance-pop songs such as "Waiting for Tonight" and not much other material. AllMusic's Heather Phares praised the Spanish version of the song, "Una Noche Más", for elevating its parent album On the 6 from a star's vanity project. Lopez earned a Grammy nomination for "Waiting for Tonight" for Best Dance Recording, but the category was won by Cher for "Believe".

Release and chart performance
"Waiting for Tonight" served as the third single from On the 6. The track was released on October 27, 1999, in Austria, and five days later in the United Kingdom. It peaked at number five on the UK Singles Chart, and had sold 255,000 copies there by July 2016. It debuted and peaked at number two in Spain, where it spent twelve weeks charting in the top ten. The song reached number six in Italy, and charted at number seven on the Single Top 100 chart in the Netherlands. In Belgium, the song peaked at number four in Wallonia and fifteen in Flanders. It was certified gold in Belgium for shipments of 25,000 units. In Finland, "Waiting for Tonight" charted for three weeks, peaking at number eight. The single also peaked at number ten in France, and was later certified gold in France by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique, marking shipments of 250,000 units. Elsewhere, it reached the top fifteen in Norway, Scotland, Switzerland, Ireland, and Germany (where it also reached the top of the airplay charts). The single peaked at number sixteen in Sweden, and reached the top thirty in Austria (number twenty-four).

"Waiting for Tonight" debuted on the Australian Singles Chart at number 35 on October 31, 1999. In its eleventh week on the chart, it reached a peak of number four. Overall, it spent six weeks in the top ten and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association for shipments of 70,000 units. After entering the Official New Zealand Music Chart at number 42 for the week ending October 31, 1999, the song peaked at number five one month later, and was later certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand for shipment of 7,500 units.

For the week ending October 16, 1999, "Waiting for Tonight" entered the US Billboard Hot 100 at number 56 as the "Hot Shot Debut of the Week." Airplay increased, with the song steadily rising to number 37 in its second week, garnering the "Greatest Gainer in Airplay" title. In its third week, it jumped to number 25 on the Hot 100, while topping the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart. "Waiting for Tonight" entered the top ten of the Hot 100 on the week ending November 27, 1999, reaching number nine. The following week, the song peaked at number eight on the Hot 100, on the chart dated December 4, 1999. It also peaked at number five on the US Hot 100 Airplay Chart. It is her ninth most successful song on Billboard charts. "Waiting for Tonight" was one of four songs that reached the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100 in 1999 based solely on radio play. The song was, however, released to retail on a limited basis and sold 10,000 copies in the United States by January 2000 and was certified Platinum by the RIAA on May 31, 2024. In August 2002, the song received a BDS Certified Spin Award for receiving 200,000 radio spins in the United States. In Canada, "Waiting for Tonight" entered at number 4 before reaching number two for the week of November 29, 1999.

Production
The music video for "Waiting for Tonight" was filmed in Los Angeles. Part of it was shot at the Los Angeles Arboretum. Lopez filmed the music video between a break in filming the movie The Cell. The video was directed by Francis Lawrence, whose work Lopez had admired. Although the video has a New Years Eve-theme reflecting the-then upcoming millennium, the lyrics themselves have nothing to do with a New Years celebration. The song is about Lopez being in love and she can't wait to spend time with her boyfriend, thus she's "waiting for tonight". However, when speaking of the video's concept, Lopez said: "I wanted it to be fun and have a certain type of energy and he (Lawrence) came back with the treatment of the video where it was this millennium party in the jungle. Just the way he described it, it sounded perfect, the kind of thing I really wanted to do so we just went with it." When casting extras for the music video, Lopez stressed that she wanted those appearing around her to look like "real people". For the video, she worked with choreographer Tina Landon, who previously had hired Lopez as a backup dancer for Janet Jackson in the early stages of Lopez's career. Landon also made an appearance in the clip as an extra. A second version of the music video featuring the Hex Hector remix of the song was released, later being included on her extended play The Reel Me (2003). The creation of "Waiting for Tonight" was documented and aired by MTV in Making the Video. Cheryl Lu-Lien Tan of The Baltimore Sun stated that it revealed the "death-defying dance stunts" which Lopez undertook, "donning stiletto heels and a micro-mini to perform elaborate footwork on a narrow, 6-foot-high Plexiglas platform while cameras caught her from every possible provocative angle". The music video premiered directly after the Making the Video special on MTV, on August 23, 1999.

Synopsis

The clip begins with an image of the sun setting. Lopez and her female friends are at a house preparing for a New Year's Eve party. Inter-cut are scenes of Lopez dancing in a jungle, where green lasers are flashing behind her. Later, another scene features Lopez covered with sparkling crystals on her face and body. Her friends later canoe over a river and travel to a rave party which is being held in a rainforest. Towards the end of the song's bridge, the music briefly stops, as the partygoers stare up at a large clock and count down to the year 2000. There is a six-second power outage (a reference to the Y2K concern). The power returns, and the party celebrates the new year. This is inter-cut with scenes of Lopez dancing on top of the crowd, as well as frolicking in a Hawaiian river wearing a black bikini. The Hex Hector remix version features the same premise of the original clip, while including a variety of different shots, and new scenes of Lopez dancing in a jungle with green lasers flashing behind her. This version also incorporates a strobe effect throughout the music video.

Reception
The music video was widely popular, receiving heavy rotation on MTV, and establishing Lopez as a "dance princess". According to monitoring by Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems, it was the most-played clip on VH1 for the week ending November 28, 1999. It is known for its thematic depiction of a Y2K dance party. Justin Myers of the Official Charts Company called the video a "chilling reminder of the worldwide fear of the so-called Millennium Bug – Jen looks quite anxious when midnight comes at her very futuristic looking New Year bash, doesn't she?" Author Dominic Pettman observed that the music video captured an "orgasmic anticipation" for the new millennium. Fuse ranked the clip at number 30 on their list of the "Top 100 Sexiest Music Videos of All Time" in 2011. Entertainment Weekly regarded it as the best music video of Lopez's career.

The visuals of "Waiting for Tonight" became distinctive, particularly the green lasers appearing in the background, and the crystals Lopez wore on her body. Lopez said in 2014, "[Green lasers] just became so signature to that song and that time. I think that was the first time anyone had used them in a video that way." In a press release published by Cision in 2014, it was noted that "Lasers in the jungle and the Y2K vibe of that years New Years Eve celebrations are unforgettable images that helped catapult JLO to international success." Maitri Mehta of Bustle magazine wrote that she was "mesmerized by a vision of a bronze J. Lo gettin' life from those green lasers. In almost all of her music videos, J. Lo is extremely, overtly sexy but that's the point." American Idol alumnus Adam Lambert revealed, "I remember when I was a kid graduating high school and 'Waiting for Tonight' came out (...) And she had all the rhinestones on her face and she just looked like just dewy and stunning and amazing." Diane Cho of VH1 noted that Lopez "trademarked" the glitter-look in "Waiting for Tonight", which was adapted by Britney Spears in "Toxic" and Beyoncé in "1+1".

Monica Herrera of Billboard stated that Adam Lambert's music video for the song "If I Had You" took the "late-night wilderness party motif of Jennifer Lopez's classic 'Waiting for Tonight' clip" and added "more lasers, guyliner, thrashy dance moves, silver top hats and outrageously spiky shoulder pads". MTV's Nicole James compared Rihanna's "Where Have You Been" music video to "Waiting for Tonight". Tiffany Lee of Yahoo! stated that Selena Gomez was "channeling" an early Lopez in her song "Slow Down", drawing comparisons between both songs and videos, observing that "the premise for both music videos are almost identical", with "dancing in front of flashing lights and sweating in dance floor crowds". Pitchfork Media's Lindsay Zoladz stated that English singer FKA twigs' music video for the song "Papi Pacify" features "perhaps the most dazzling use of body glitter in a music video since J. Lo's 'Waiting for Tonight'". Natasha Bird of Elle magazine compared the music video for Zayn Malik's "Like I Would" to "Waiting for Tonight", writing: "with the addition of all the smoke, lasers and gyrating girls in booty shorts, we can't help but think that this video is an excellent tribute to Jennifer Lopez's millennium party single".

The music video received several award nominations, including three wins. At the 2000 MTV Video Music Awards, "Waiting for Tonight" was nominated in the Best Choreography and Best Dance Video categories, winning for Best Dance Video. It also won for Best Dance Video at the International Dance Music Awards. At the Billboard Music Video Awards, "Waiting for Tonight" received two nominations for Best Video and Best New-Artist Video. It received multiple MVPA Award nominations, including for Pop Video of the Year, and won for Best Hair.

Live performances
Lopez performed "Waiting for Tonight" for the first time on the British music chart television program Top of the Pops, on the episode that aired November 12, 1999, on BBC One. Weeks later, she performed the song at the 11th Billboard Music Awards on December 8, 1999, where she opened the show. Billboard praised the performance as a "galvanizing" opening to the ceremony. She also sang the song along with "Feelin' So Good" during an appearance at Saturday Night Live on February 5, 2000. The song was included on the setlist of her Let's Get Loud Concerts in Puerto Rico, a performance in which she got down on "all fours" while singing. The performance was televised on NBC on November 20, 2001.

Lopez performed a remixed version of the song at the charity fundraiser event Fashion Rocks, along with the single "Do It Well". The performance was broadcast by CBS on September 7, 2007. Newsday writer Glenn Gamboa stated that it "seemed built for the runway with all the wind machines and strutting models". Lopez included "Waiting for Tonight" on her set list during her 2007 co-headlining concert tour with then-husband Marc Anthony. Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter described her set as "Heavily choreographed, lavishly costumed and featuring the requisite pyrotechnics and video self-homage." In 2009, Lopez performed it at Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve in a revealing catsuit. The catsuit provoked a mixed reaction from the public; The host of the show Ryan Seacrest praised the outfit, saying that it "made my year", but others were not so admiring. Alicia Lundgren, a 24-year-old dancer from Philadelphia, told the New York Daily News: "There's too many wrinkles. It looks like elephant skin." Months later in February 2010, Lopez performed "Waiting for Tonight" as part of a medley of her songs—a set that included "Jenny from the Block", "Love Don't Cost a Thing", "Get Right" and "Let's Get Loud"—at the Sanremo Music Festival, wearing a "skintight, studded leather black catsuit". At the Summertime Ball festival hosted by Capital Radio at Wembley Stadium on June 12, 2011, Lopez performed "Waiting for Tonight" among other songs.

Lopez wore a glittery bodysuit for her performance of the song at Mohegan Sun's 15th anniversary celebration concert. It featured dancers that "whirled" around the singer while green lasers swept across the arena ceiling. "Waiting for Tonight" was included on the setlist for her Dance Again World Tour in 2012. Sources for setlist:
 * She performed the song while dancing on a white moving platform. During the tour's European leg at a concert in Italy, Lopez supposedly had a wardrobe malfunction according to various sources during her performance of "Waiting for Tonight". She was wearing a "plunging skintight cat suit". Lopez performed the track along with several other songs during a July 2013 concert in Hyde Park, London. In March 2014, she sang "Waiting for Tonight" during her concert at the Dubai World Cup. In June of that year, Lopez performed the song during a concert in The Bronx which marked fifteen years since the release of On the 6. Andrew Hampp from Billboard wrote that the "laser-drenched" performance reached "World Cup levels of euphoria for a large swath of fans". Three months later, she performed the song again at the 2014 Singapore Grand Prix, as part of a 90-minute set. Along with her debut single "If You Had My Love", "Waiting for Tonight" was given "a bass-heavy remix that added to the arena rock atmosphere" according to The Straits Times. At her "The Best Is Yet To Come" concert which took place on New Year's Eve 2014 in Caesars Palace, Lopez included "Waiting for Tonight" on her setlist; during the performance, she wore a red-sequined costume and performed a striptease on a couch. Lopez opened her performance at the American Music Awards of 2015 (where she also hosted the ceremony) with a "slower, sultrier" rendition of "Waiting for Tonight". She was clothed in a tribal-print body stocking. At her Las Vegas residency show Jennifer Lopez: All I Have in 2016, Lopez performed a reworked "hyper-futuristic" EDM and house version of "Waiting for Tonight", which included "fierce" voguing. Lopez opened her performance at the 2018 MTV Video Music Awards, where she received the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award, with "Waiting for Tonight". Kenzie Bryant of Vanity Fair described the set design during the song as "so leafy and green and neon it was reminiscent of her Versace Grammys dress", and Billboard ranked Lopez's performance as the best of the night.
 * She performed the song while dancing on a white moving platform. During the tour's European leg at a concert in Italy, Lopez supposedly had a wardrobe malfunction according to various sources during her performance of "Waiting for Tonight". She was wearing a "plunging skintight cat suit". Lopez performed the track along with several other songs during a July 2013 concert in Hyde Park, London. In March 2014, she sang "Waiting for Tonight" during her concert at the Dubai World Cup. In June of that year, Lopez performed the song during a concert in The Bronx which marked fifteen years since the release of On the 6. Andrew Hampp from Billboard wrote that the "laser-drenched" performance reached "World Cup levels of euphoria for a large swath of fans". Three months later, she performed the song again at the 2014 Singapore Grand Prix, as part of a 90-minute set. Along with her debut single "If You Had My Love", "Waiting for Tonight" was given "a bass-heavy remix that added to the arena rock atmosphere" according to The Straits Times. At her "The Best Is Yet To Come" concert which took place on New Year's Eve 2014 in Caesars Palace, Lopez included "Waiting for Tonight" on her setlist; during the performance, she wore a red-sequined costume and performed a striptease on a couch. Lopez opened her performance at the American Music Awards of 2015 (where she also hosted the ceremony) with a "slower, sultrier" rendition of "Waiting for Tonight". She was clothed in a tribal-print body stocking. At her Las Vegas residency show Jennifer Lopez: All I Have in 2016, Lopez performed a reworked "hyper-futuristic" EDM and house version of "Waiting for Tonight", which included "fierce" voguing. Lopez opened her performance at the 2018 MTV Video Music Awards, where she received the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award, with "Waiting for Tonight". Kenzie Bryant of Vanity Fair described the set design during the song as "so leafy and green and neon it was reminiscent of her Versace Grammys dress", and Billboard ranked Lopez's performance as the best of the night.
 * She performed the song while dancing on a white moving platform. During the tour's European leg at a concert in Italy, Lopez supposedly had a wardrobe malfunction according to various sources during her performance of "Waiting for Tonight". She was wearing a "plunging skintight cat suit". Lopez performed the track along with several other songs during a July 2013 concert in Hyde Park, London. In March 2014, she sang "Waiting for Tonight" during her concert at the Dubai World Cup. In June of that year, Lopez performed the song during a concert in The Bronx which marked fifteen years since the release of On the 6. Andrew Hampp from Billboard wrote that the "laser-drenched" performance reached "World Cup levels of euphoria for a large swath of fans". Three months later, she performed the song again at the 2014 Singapore Grand Prix, as part of a 90-minute set. Along with her debut single "If You Had My Love", "Waiting for Tonight" was given "a bass-heavy remix that added to the arena rock atmosphere" according to The Straits Times. At her "The Best Is Yet To Come" concert which took place on New Year's Eve 2014 in Caesars Palace, Lopez included "Waiting for Tonight" on her setlist; during the performance, she wore a red-sequined costume and performed a striptease on a couch. Lopez opened her performance at the American Music Awards of 2015 (where she also hosted the ceremony) with a "slower, sultrier" rendition of "Waiting for Tonight". She was clothed in a tribal-print body stocking. At her Las Vegas residency show Jennifer Lopez: All I Have in 2016, Lopez performed a reworked "hyper-futuristic" EDM and house version of "Waiting for Tonight", which included "fierce" voguing. Lopez opened her performance at the 2018 MTV Video Music Awards, where she received the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award, with "Waiting for Tonight". Kenzie Bryant of Vanity Fair described the set design during the song as "so leafy and green and neon it was reminiscent of her Versace Grammys dress", and Billboard ranked Lopez's performance as the best of the night.

The song was featured in Lopez's setlist during the Super Bowl LIV halftime show.

Usage in media
During Lopez's guest appearance on the sixth season of the NBC sitcom Will & Grace, she performed "Waiting for Tonight". The episode aired on April 29, 2004, as the season's finale. On the seventh season of the competitive dance series America's Best Dance Crew in May 2012, the group Fanny Pak performed a routine to "Waiting for Tonight". In March 2016, Lopez appeared with James Corden on the Carpool Karaoke segment of his The Late Late Show with James Corden, where she "teaches Corden how to vamp for the camera" as "Waiting for Tonight" plays. That May, Christina Milian recreated the song's music video on an episode of the reality competition series Lip Sync Battle. In March 2019, the song was used as a lip sync song on the eleventh season of RuPaul's Drag Race, with six contestants lip syncing at the same time for the first time in the show's history. That September, actress Constance Wu performed "Waiting for Tonight" on an episode of The Late Late Show with James Corden. In March 2024, Ariana Grande and Bowen Yang briefly performed "Waiting for Tonight" among other songs as part of a skit on Saturday Night Live.

Formats and track listings

 * Cassette single
 * 1) "Waiting for Tonight" (Album Version) – 4:06
 * 2) "Waiting for Tonight" (Metro Mix) – 5:53

 * German CD single
 * 1) "Waiting for Tonight" (Album Version) – 4:06
 * 2) "Waiting for Tonight" (Pablo's Miami Mix Radio Edit) [Spanish and English] – 3:59

 * Australian CD maxi single
 * 1) "Waiting for Tonight" (Album Version) – 4:06
 * 2) "Waiting for Tonight" (Pablo's Miami Mix Radio Edit) – 3:59
 * 3) "Waiting for Tonight" (Hex's Momentous Radio Mix) – 3:52
 * 4) "If You Had My Love" (Metro Club Mix) – 6:09

 * German CD maxi single
 * 1) "Waiting for Tonight" (Album Version) – 4:06
 * 2) "Waiting for Tonight" (Pablo's Miami Mix Radio Edit) [Spanish and English] – 3:59
 * 3) "Waiting for Tonight" (Hex's Momentous Radio Mix) – 3:52
 * 4) "Waiting for Tonight" (Metro Mix) – 5:53

 * UK CD maxi single 1
 * 1) "Waiting for Tonight" – 4:06
 * 2) "Waiting for Tonight" (Hex's Momentous Radio Mix) – 3:52
 * 3) "Waiting for Tonight" (Futureshock Midnight at Mambo Remix) – 8:36

 * UK CD maxi single 2
 * 1) "Waiting for Tonight" – 4:06
 * 2) "Waiting for Tonight" (Metro Mix) – 5:53
 * 3) "Waiting for Tonight" (Pablo's Miami Mix Radio Edit) – 4:01

 * Australian CD maxi single (The Remixes)
 * 1) "Waiting for Tonight" (Hex Hector Vocal Remix Extended) – 11:15
 * 2) "Waiting for Tonight" (Hex Hector Dub) – 6:31
 * 3) "Waiting for Tonight" (Metro Club Mix) – 5:54
 * 4) "Waiting for Tonight" (Pablo Flores Miami Mix) [English] – 10:01
 * 5) "Waiting for Tonight" (Hex's Momentous Video Remix) – 4:34

 * Australian and European 12-inch vinyl
 * 1) "Waiting for Tonight" (Metro Mix) – 5:53
 * 2) "Waiting for Tonight" (Pablo's Miami Mix Spanglish Radio Edit) [Spanish and English] – 3:59
 * 3) "Waiting for Tonight" (Futureshock Midnight at Mambo Remix) – 8:36
 * 4) "Waiting for Tonight" (Hex's Momentous Club Mix) – 11:17

 * US 12-inch vinyl
 * 1) "Waiting for Tonight" (Hex's Momentous Club Mix) – 11:15
 * 2) "Waiting for Tonight" (Pablo Flores Spanglish Miami Radio Edit) – 3:56
 * 3) "Waiting for Tonight" (Pablo Flores Miami Mix) – 10:00
 * 4) "Waiting for Tonight" (Hex's Momentous Video Edit) – 4:50

Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of On the 6.

"Waiting for Tonight"

 * David Barrett – production coordinator
 * Jane Barrett – background vocals
 * Juan Bohorquez – assistant engineer
 * Maria Christensen – background vocals, songwriter
 * Margaret Dorn – background vocals
 * Michael Garvin – songwriter
 * Franklyn Grant – engineer
 * Dan Hetzel – mixer
 * Ritchie Jones – additional producer, additional programmer, arranger, drums, remixer, percussion
 * Eric Kupper – keyboards
 * Jennifer Lopez – lead vocals
 * Phil Temple – songwriter
 * "Young" Dave Scheuer – additional programmer, additional arranger, engineer
 * Ric Wake – arranger, producer
 * Robb Williams – assistant engineer
 * Thomas R. Yezzi – engineer

"Una Noche Más"

 * David Barrett – production coordinator
 * Manny Benito – adapter, songwriter
 * Juan Bohorquez – assistant engineer
 * Maria Christensen – songwriter
 * Alfred Figueroa – assistant engineer
 * Michael Garvin – songwriter
 * Franklyn Grant – engineer
 * Dan Hetzel – mixer
 * Ritchie Jones – additional producer, additional programmer, arranger, drums, remixer, percussion
 * Eric Kupper – keyboards
 * Jennifer Lopez – lead vocals
 * Phil Temple – songwriter
 * Wendy Peterson – background vocals
 * Freddy Piñero Jr. – engineer
 * Rita Quintero – background vocals
 * "Young" Dave Scheuer – additional programmer, additional arranger, engineer
 * Ric Wake – arranger, producer
 * Robb Williams – assistant engineer
 * Thomas R. Yezzi – engineer

title: Waiting for Tonight


text:
George R. Dennis

George Robertson Dennis (April 8, 1822 – August 13, 1882), a Democrat, was a United States Senator from Maryland, serving from 1873 to 1879. He also served in the Maryland State Senate and the Maryland House of Delegates.

Early life
Dennis was born in Whitehaven, Maryland to Maria (née Robertson) and John Upshur Dennis. His brother was James U. Dennis. His half-brother was Samuel K. Dennis. He graduated from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York. He entered the University of Virginia at Charlottesville, and studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in Philadelphia. He graduated in 1843 and practiced in Kingston, Maryland, for many years, until later devoting himself to agricultural pursuits.

Career
In 1854 and 1871, Dennis served as a member of the Maryland State Senate, and in 1867 served in the Maryland House of Delegates. He was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1873, until March 3, 1879.

Personal life
He died in Kingston in 1882, and is interred in St. Andrew's Churchyard of Princess Anne, Maryland.

title: George R. Dennis


text:
Talk:D. R. Bendre

Untitled
Please go ahead and use pictures of Bendre and Kailasam in your article. Please credit/link them to: www.kamat.com

with best wishes, -Vikas Kamat — Preceding unsigned comment added by IMpbt (talk • contribs) 15:42, 10 April 2005 (UTC)

Janapith Awarded in 1974
Hey it can be noted that Bendre was awarded with the Janapith in 1974 and not 1964. April 7, 1974 was the date on which the same was declared. "Dattatreya Ramachandra Bendre" a book by G.S.Amur and published by sahitya academy has the info. can someone please confirm this. --Aravind Parvatikar 06:32, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Date of birth
Your published in 13 jan.. But it is 31 January. Please change it Chetan meeshi (talk) 04:53, 31 January 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:D. R. Bendre


text:
Talk:T. P. Kailasam

Please go ahead and use pictures of Bendre and Kailasam in your article. Please credit/link them to: www.kamat.com

with best wishes, -Vikas Kamat

title: Talk:T. P. Kailasam


text:
Commercial mail receiving agency

Within the United States, a commercial mail receiving agency (CMRA) is a private business that accepts mail from the Postal Service on behalf of third parties. A CMRA may also be colloquially known as a mail drop. A mailbox at a CMRA is called a private mailbox (PMB).

A customer of a CMRA can receive mail and other deliveries at the street address of the CMRA rather than the customer's own street address. Depending on the agreement between the customer and the CMRA, the CMRA can forward the mail to the customer or hold it for pickup.

Unlike a post office box, a CMRA operates independently of the national postal administration and is therefore able to receive courier packages or other items which are not traditional mailpieces. CMRAs typically provide ancillary services such as facsimile, copy, packaging, or courier.

A customer may wish to use the services of a CMRA for privacy. A customer in one community may contract with a CMRA in another community with a better known or more prestigious address. A business located near an international border may use a CMRA as a point of local presence to receive cross-border freight or correspondence at domestic (instead of international) rates.

A traditional advantage of a CMRA over a Post Office box was that customers could use the CMRA's street address plus a suite number as the address of their private mailbox. This masked the fact that the private mailbox was not the customer's actual residence or business address. However, Web mapping services with aerial photography allow anyone to determine that a particular street address is occupied by a shopping center and not an office building, while Google Street View allows anyone to see that a particular street address is occupied by a CMRA retail storefront and not an office.

The use of a CMRA may result in mail delivery occurring at a later time of day than it would at a Post Office box. Some CMRAs offer a virtual mailbox, or online post office, providing a means to access mail over the internet. The USPS will not process a change of address from an address at a CMRA.

History
In 1970, there were estimated to be as many as 1,500 CMRAs, costing on average $7 per month for a small mailbox. The private mailbox business grew as a result of shortage of P.O. Box es.

As of 2000, the USPS regulated 466 private mailboxes in New York City alone.

Use as a business address
Most business entities are required to register an official mailing address with the state, and that address is part of the public record. A business's use of an invalid address or an inappropriate third party as its official mailing address could result in legal problems, such as the loss of limited liability protection. If a business does not want to disclose its physical location, it may permissibly use a CMRA as its publicly known address.

Relevant regulations
Any person or entity claiming to receive postal mail for a third-party must be properly licensed and registered with the US Postal Service, and such an entity must properly fill out USPS Form 1583. There are specific requirements all CMRA's must adhere to, including granting certain rights to CMRA customers.

Examples

 * Mail Boxes Etc.
 * PostNet (company)
 * The UPS Store

title: Commercial mail receiving agency


text:
Talk:The Keeper of Holyroodhouse

Merge
This text gains nothing by being treated separately from Holyrood Palace. The two together provide context. This section is part of the context and meaning of Holyrood. Among those who have this on their Watchlist: any objections to the merge/redirect? --Wetman 15:43, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The two deal with different subjects - a building and a person - although obviously related. There are separate articles for the Great Seal and the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, so some precedent for keeping them separate. However there is not that much to say about the Keeper of Holyroodhouse, so no great harm in combining the two, so long as the appropriate links are maintained.--George Burgess 20:50, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Keeper of Holyroodhouse


text: Category:Bayesian networks

title: Category:Bayesian networks


text:
Category talk:Warriors by nationality

this definitely needs attention. i wish i knew enough to contribute.

 * Well, it's a category, so all that you would need to do is hunt down the pages for various types of warriors, and add them to this category. Or, more accurately, to the proper sub-category. If there's a page for "Scottish Highlander Raiders", create a subcategory for Scottish Warriors. If you can find an article on "Swiss Mercenaries" or "Genoese Crossbowmen" then create the proper sub-categories. Thanks. LordAmeth 22:08, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Warriors by nationality


text: User:J heisenberg/Templates

title: User:J heisenberg/Templates


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Portlands Energy Centre

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete, pending (block-compress error). Consensus to delete; proponents promised to clean it up but no one has touched it since 11 April. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 22:06, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Portlands Energy Centre
Despite a number of attempts to get this page changed from a campaigning anti-power plant page to a NPOV description of the project, the principal editor continues to use this to promote a POV opposed to the planned development. He describes himself as a "member of the resistance". This would be OK as a Personal Page but not as a Wikipedia article.
 * Delete : Dabbler 15:45, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Do you read the whole entry?? I have invited other POV's to contribute to the page.  I am declaring my bias for a reason.  It's a work in progress.  Go find some spelling mistakes somewhere and give us a chance please.

There is a signifigant number of points raised in the chronology that are neutral, and more will be added in the next couple of days, I suspect, when the proponent of the project gets to edit the page.
 * Yes, I have read everything and one of the purposes of a Vote for deletion is to draw attention of other people to a page with serious problems. If the page is improved during the next week then the vote will be to keep and I will be happy about that. In its current state (and previous ones produced by you) it has been a totally non-POV Campaign page and not encyclopedic. Dabbler 21:56, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Rewrite to conform to NPOV; this power plant is clearly a noteworthy project, as the fact that it has attracted significant public opposition indicates. Firebug 21:47, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep and cleanup/NPOV. --SPUI (talk) 21:50, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment. (This is not a vote.) It might be noteworthy.  If someone writes an encyclopedia article rather than a POV screed it could be kept.  Otherwise we're better off deleting this and starting from scratch. --TenOfAllTrades | Talk 03:26, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Update. The article has not improved during its time on VfD.  I live in Toronto and haven't heard of the controversy, but that could be because I'm spending too much time on Wikipedia.  Since nobody seems willing to write something neutral about this topic or establish why an as-yet-unbuilt natural gas power plant is notable, the article should be deleted.  --TenOfAllTrades | Talk 20:49, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment  It has been a number of days since I put this up fro deletion and there has been no serious effort to improve and NPOV the page yet. Dabbler 16:51, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this idiotic POV mess. If it were a nuclear power plant then perhaps one could make a decent argument for keeping the article despite its POV state (think of Chernobyl). But natural gas plants are everywhere.  --Coolcaesar 19:09, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * THe proponets have agreed to edit this page this week. PLEASE do not edit.
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Náttfari

Náttfari (Old Norse: ; Modern Icelandic: ; fl. 835–870) was a crew member who escaped his master, Garðar Svavarsson, and may have become the first permanent resident of Iceland in the 9th century. The earliest account of his story is found in the 11th century Icelandic Book of Settlements (Landnámabók).

Náttfari escaped when Garðar set sail to the Hebrides from the newfound island which he named Garðarshólmi, now known as Iceland. When Garðar Svavarsson left Iceland after a winter's stay in the spring of 870, moving east towards Norway, a boat drifted away. On the boat were Náttfari with a slave (thræll)  and a bond woman (ambátt). Garðar reached the shores of Iceland on the north coast. Náttfari found a place for them to live now known as Náttfaravík, a cove on  Skjálfandi Bay which is situated directly opposite to the town of Húsavík.

title: Náttfari


text:
Buwei Yang Chao

Buwei Yang Chao (née Yang Buwei; ; 1889–1981) was a Chinese-American physician and writer. She was one of the first women to practice Western medicine in China. She was married to linguist Yuen Ren Chao.

Life and early education
Yang was born in Nanjing into the Yang family, but was raised by her aunt and uncle. At a very young age, she was sent to a school in Nanjing. The entry exam of the school required her to write about the benefits of educating girls. She responded: "Women are the mothers of all citizens". Later she went to an all-girls Roman Catholic school in Shanghai, and later went to Japan to attend the Tokyo Women's Medical College.

Medical career
Yang moved to Tokyo for studies in medicine. She later claimed that she only became interested in cooking after finding Japanese food to be inedible. She was also annoyed by what she perceived as the arrogance of the Japanese, stating that they made her studies difficult in Tokyo.

In 1919, she returned home at the request of her father, who died before she could see him. She and Li Guanzhong established the Sen Ren Hospital, specialising in gynecology. She was amongst the first female doctors practicing Western-style medicine in China.

Marriage and family
In 1920, she met and subsequently married the linguist Y.R. Chao on June 1, 1921. The witnesses were Hu Shih and one other friend. Hu's account of this simple ceremony in the next day's newspapers described the couple as a model of modern marriage for China's New Culture generation. The Chaos had four daughters; the eldest, Rulan Chao (趙如蘭), helped with the writing of her book of recipes. Their third daughter is children's book author and mathematician Lensey Namioka.

Career as author
Buwei Yang Chao wrote three books, two of which were notable: How to Cook and Eat in Chinese and An Autobiography of a Chinese Woman.

Chinese recipe development and book
How to Cook and Eat in Chinese was written when Buwei and Yuen Ren lived in Cambridge, Massachusetts during World War II. Yuen Ren was conducting language training for the US Army and Buwei would prepare meals for the instructors using local ingredients. With the help of her daughter Rulan, she prepared over two hundred and thirty recipes. Some came from her travels with her husband as he collected dialect data from across China and often they lived with the subjects of Yuen Ren's language research. Though the recipes from those days were not written down, she often recreated them from her memory of their taste. Buwei opens the book by saying "I didn't write the book":
 * The way I didn't was like this. You know I speak little English and write less. So I cooked my dishes in Chinese, my daughter Rulan put my Chinese into English, and my husband finding the English dull, put much of it back into Chinese again.

English terms for Chinese recipe terminology
Together with her husband, Buwei Yang Chao coined the terms "pot sticker" and "stir fry" for her Chinese recipe book, terms which are now widely accepted. Jason Epstein of The New York Times, who later met the couple as publisher of a reprint of the book, claims that as the author could not speak or write much English, it must have been her husband who wrote in her name. However, Yuen Ren told an interviewer that Rulan did the translation: "She would complain sometimes, 'Daddy, you have so many footnotes. Somebody will think that you translated the book,' not that she was the translator."

Autobiography and Chinese restaurant guide
Her second book, An Autobiography of a Chinese Woman: Put Into English By Her Husband Yuenren Chao, recounted the eventful life she led prior to her meeting her future husband and their travels together. Both books were first published by The John Day Company, New York. She also wrote a third book: How to Order and Eat in Chinese to Get the Best Meal in a Chinese Restaurant (1974).

title: Buwei Yang Chao