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Michel-Jean Cazabon

Michel-Jean Cazabon (September 20, 1813 – November 20, 1888) is regarded as the first great Trinidadian painter and is Trinidad's first internationally known artist. He is also known as the layman painter. He is renowned for his paintings of Trinidad scenery and for his portraits of planters, merchants and their families in the 19th century. Cazabon's paintings are to be cherished not only for their beauty but also their historical importance: his painting has left us with a clear picture of the many aspects of life in Trinidad through much of the 19th century.

Cazabon relied on nature to expose the vistas which the plains of the Caroni and the tropical forests at Chaguaramas are idyllic in splendor. His portraits of the mulattoes, indentured Indians and Negroes were the bases of debate, about whether the painter immortalized these people because he felt a personal bond with them rather less than the European Creoles of which no stately portraits were ever recorded.

Cazabon preferred to describe himself as a "landscape painter", but in Trinidad, away from the metropolitan influences and stimuli, he embraced the everyday, often mundane, forms of artistic expression – teacher, illustrator, portrait painter.

In England and France, his work was much admired and he won awards and medals at exhibitions. In 1851 and 1857, two books of his engravings of Trinidad landscapes were produced in Paris, France. He was the first Trinidad artist whose style influenced artists for many score years after his death. He was an assiduous worker. A few of his paintings and prints are to be found in the National Museum and Art Gallery and in private collections in Trinidad and abroad.

Biography
Michel-Jean Cazabon was born of French-Martinique parentage in Trinidad on September 20, 1813 on Corinth Estate, Northern Naparima, on the outskirts of San Fernando. He was the youngest of four children. His parents, owners of a sugar plantation, were "free colored" immigrants from Martinique, who had come to Trinidad following the Cedula of Population of 1783.

In 1826, at the age of 13, Cazabon went to school at St. Edmund's College, Ware, England, returning to Trinidad in 1830. In about 1837, he sailed for Paris to study medicine. He gave up these studies and started off as an art student under Paul Delaroche a leading painter in Paris. His parents' wealth supported his pursuits and those of his family for many years in an enviable life-style and only later in life did he find it necessary to earn a living from his paintings.

He followed the familiar pattern for students at that time, travelling extensively in France and Italy painting the landscape. His work was shown at the Salon du Louvre in 1839 and every year from 1843 to 1847. His philosophy and style follow closely that of the contemporary French landscape artists. In 1843 he married a French woman, Rosalie Trolard. His first daughter was born in Paris in 1844, followed by the birth of his only son. In 1845 he visited Trinidad, returning to Paris in 1851 to publish a series of 18 lithographs, "Views of Trinidad, 1851". After the birth of his second daughter in Paris in 1852, he returned with his family to Trinidad.

Cazabon soon became popular as a society painter, not only with his paintings of Trinidad scenery, but also with his portraits of the planters and merchants of Port of Spain and their families. He taught art, and provided illustrations of local events for English newspapers. In Trinidad, Cazabon's most important patron was Lord Harris, the English Governor from 1848 to 1854, recording many of his social functions and excursions. The Harris Collection of 44 paintings, now displayed at the family home at Belmont in Kent, England, is perhaps the most important collection of 19th-century visual references of Trinidad. Several other less extensive, but important collections were commissioned by William Burnley, the Scottish-American planter, John Lamont and the Earl of Dundonald. In 1857, Cazabon published a second series of 18 lithographs of local scenes, Album of Trinidad. In 1860, he published, with the photographer Hartmann, a series of 16 lithographs entitled Album of Demerara, and in that same year contributed one of the scenes in Album Martiniquais, published by Hartmann and the lithographer Eugène Cicéri.

In 1862, Cazabon moved with his family to Saint Pierre in Martinique. He hoped that Saint Pierre, described then as the Paris of the New World, would offer a metropolitan spirit that Trinidad lacked, and provide a greater appreciation for his art. Finding much the same attitudes prevailing, he returned to Trinidad about 1870 and attempted to pick up the threads of his former life. Never to regain his social standing, he began to drink to dull his disillusionment. Hawking his paintings around Port of Spain, he became known only as a drunken, though gentle, old eccentric. In 1888, while working at his easel, he died of a heart attack, and the following day was unceremoniously buried in Lapeyrouse Cemetery. Lawrence Scott's novel Light Falling on Bamboo (Tindal Street Press, 2012) is a re-imagining of Cazabon's life.

title: Michel-Jean Cazabon


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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Ford to City.PNG


text: User talk:68.198.26.231

title: User talk:68.198.26.231


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Sea trout

Sea trout is the common name usually applied to anadromous (sea-run) forms of brown trout (Salmo trutta), and is often referred to as Salmo trutta morpha trutta. Other names for anadromous brown trout are bull trout, sewin (Wales), peel or peal (southwest England), mort (northwest England), finnock (Scotland), white trout (Ireland), Dollaghan (Northern Ireland) and salmon trout (culinary).

The term "sea trout" is also used to describe other anadromous salmonids, such as coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus alpinus) and Dolly Varden (Salvenlinus malma). Even some non-salmonid fish species are also commonly known as sea trout, such as Northern pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) and members of the weakfish family (Cynoscion).

Range
Anadromous brown trout are widely distributed in Europe along the Atlantic and Baltic coasts, the United Kingdom and the coasts of Iceland. They do not occur in the Mediterranean Sea but are found in the Black and Caspian Seas and as far north as the Barents and Kara Seas in the Arctic Ocean. Brown trout introduced into freshwater habitats in Tasmania, Victoria, New Zealand, Falkland Islands, Kerguelen Islands, Chile and Argentina have established anadromous populations when there was suitable access to saltwater. Anadromous behavior has been reported in the Columbia River and its tributaries in the U.S. and in Canadian rivers on both the Pacific and Atlantic coasts.

Taxonomy
As treated here, the anadromous sea trout Salmo trutta morpha trutta is not taxonomically distinct from the freshwater-resident forms of the brown trout, i.e., the lacustrine S. t. morpha lacustris and the riverine S. t. morpha fario, although previously they have been considered different subspecies or even species. They represent ecological forms with different migration behaviour. Originally, the name Salmo trutta was used to refer specifically to the anadromous or sea-run forms of brown trout. Early angling literature often referred to sea trout as white trout or bull trout.

Description
Anadromous brown trout are a silvery color with faint black spots. However, once they return to freshwater, they quickly take on the normal coloration of resident brown trout in preparation for spawning. Sea trout kelts (post spawn) return to their silvery stage as they migrate back to saltwater. Adult brown trout are between 35 and 60 cm long, and can weigh from 0.5 to 2.4 kg. Breeding males will develop a hook-like, upward-facing protrusion on the lower jaw called a kype. In freshwater the top of the trout is an olive color with brown and black spots, with the ventral side being tan to yellow. The sides have many orange and red spots ringed with a light blue.

Their average length is 60 cm, but they can grow up to 130 cm in length and weigh up to 20 kg under favourable habitat conditions.

Their most striking feature is the long, elongated, torpedo-shaped body. They have silver grey sides and grey-green backs. The belly is white. Like all trout species the sea trout has an adipose fin.

Life cycle
The sea trout feeds mainly on fish, small crabs, shrimps and prawns.

It is an anadromous, migratory fish, which closely resembles the Atlantic salmon in its form and lifestyle. In the sea, it makes long journeys and also swims upstream into small rivers in order to spawn. Spawning occurs in winter on gravelly river beds in the grayling zone to the barbel zone. Their eggs are laid in troughs or redds. The young fish remain in freshwater for one to five years and then make their way to the sea. The "inner clock" signals to the fish when they need to make their return journey to the sea. During this migration, they can cover up to 40 km per day.

Fish that are ready for spawning are usually lean and have to eat a lot of food in order to increase their energy levels as quickly as possible. After completion of the spawning process, the fish return to the sea. The mass mortality after spawning that is common in some species of salmon is not usual for brown trout. Once back in the sea, the fish regain their weight and lose their brown spawning colouring.

The surviving young of sea trout will generally migrate back to the sea, to feed in estuaries and coastal waters. However it is also known that the adult brown trout, which may have spent some years entirely in a river, can, for whatever reason, decide to migrate to sea, to return next year as a much larger (sea) trout, with silver colouration.

Threats
In many rivers of Central Europe, the sea trout have been extirpated because hydropower plants prevent spawning migration. In addition, many spawning grounds have disappeared because of the backflooding of rivers. In more recent times, sea trout have succeeded in re-establishing themselves in some lakes and rivers through the introduction of fish ladders and bypass channels around hydropower plants. In this way spawning migration has been enabled again, albeit in a limited way.

Germany
Sea trout are popular with anglers and as food. The close season lasts at least three months depending on river authority regulations. Like salmon, sea trout are protected by law in the Rhine river system and in most German rivers (except some northern German rivers) all year round. In the coastal waters of Schleswig-Holstein, sea trout is protected from 1 October to 31 December. This applies only for fish in spawning colour (brown), the silver coloured fish may continue to be caught. In most estuaries angling is completely prohibited in a protected area of 200 metres around the river mouth during this time. In the coastal waters of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, there is a general prohibition on fishing for sea trout from 15 September to 14 December. This applies both to fishermen and anglers. In Germany, the term Absteiger is used by anglers to describe a sea trout after spawning. The removal of absteigers is a controversial topic among anglers. Most anglers refuse to take sea trout that have spawned because their meat is inferior and dry.

Wales
In North Wales the rivers Clwyd, Elwy and (to a lesser extent) Aled have runs of migratory trout, otherwise known as sea trout or, locally, sewin. Sewin generally refers to smaller sea trout up to around 30 – 40 cm in length. Fishing (angling) for sea trout is usually carried out at night using fly fishing techniques, but only when the rivers are running clear. Sea trout are very easily "spooked" by bankside disturbance and during daylight hours tend to be tucked up under the banks and submerged tree roots, and therefore very hard to catch. At night they feel more confident to come out into the main river flow and can often be seen "running" (migrating upstream) in the shallow runs during the months of May to November. When the rivers are flowing coloured in a spate following heavy rain, it is possible to catch sea trout during the day with artificial lures or spinners. The fishing season for sea trout in the Clwyd catchment is from March 20 to October 17 inclusive. Many fly fishermen would agree that night fishing for sea trout can be one of the most exciting forms of the sport as the fish can grow to more than 10 lbs (5 kg) in weight. The Rhyl and St Asaph Angling Association controls 20 miles of river fishing on the rivers Clwyd, Elwy and Aled.

title: Sea trout


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Talk:Matrix calculus

Factual accuracy dispute
In attempt to resolve this, shouldn't the external links be inline cited to the matrix derivative identites? Some of the identities here are in those externally linked resources. Also I added a few extra external links which may be of interest.--Maschen (talk) 10:19, 3 December 2011 (UTC)
 * I cleaned up material cited from Magnus and Neudecker, but I'm not sure whether that's the portion that the tag applied to. I removed the  tag, since that didn't apply, but the material attributed to Magnus and Neudecker was clearly wrong; the  tags were not consistent with Magnus and Neudecker, and the accompanying text was trimmed down to the point that it lost context.
 * Also, to view the text that's cited, see http://www.amazon.com/dp/047198633X using "Search inside this book", and search for "bad notation". —Steve98052 (talk) 08:46, 30 June 2012 (UTC)

Matrix integration?
Could someone knowlagable please add a section on this? The current article only has matrix differentiation, not integation.--Maschen (talk) 10:51, 3 December 2011 (UTC)

I'm new to this. However, according to my understanding, there may not be very general and useful rule. One way that should always work for integration is to find corresponding derivative... Hupili (talk) 09:10, 18 March 2012 (UTC)

Request for derivatives of inverse matrix identities
I believe information from:

 * http://www.colorado.edu/engineering/CAS/courses.d/IFEM.d/IFEM.AppD.d/IFEM.AppD.pdf
 * https://nrich.maths.org/discus/messages/7601/150862.html?1302548396
 * http://planetmath.org/encyclopedia/DerivativeOfInverseMatrix.html

Should be integrated into this article or the creation of a new article talking specifically about many of these properties. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 150.135.222.177 (talk) 19:50, 17 February 2012 (UTC)

 * See above.  I can't think of a way to integrate it.  — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 06:44, 18 February 2012 (UTC)

Unifying the Notation
I think this page appears as disaster for new comers. I've read it for several times and referred to several sources. According to my understanding, the notation used in the first few sections, like "chain rule", is the transpose of that in the last few sections, like "example. Can anyone help to make this clear? Or, simply placing a warning there will be much better than the current situation. Hupili (talk) 09:16, 18 March 2012 (UTC)

fixed notation, hopefully
I rewrote this article almost entirely. Now, rather than try (and fail) to stick to one notation when there's no consistency among the sources, I present all identities according to different possible notations. Since there isn't even any self-consistency in notation in many sources, I separate all the identities according to type of numerator and denominator so that e.g. if a given source uses one type of layout for one numerator/denominator type and another layout for a different type, you can make sense by mixing and matching the appropriate identities.

I've elided entirely any discussion of derivatives that produce results beyond two dimensions (e.g. vector-by-matrix or matrix-by-matrix). I'm aware that some authors have indeed defined such derivatives, but I don't have much experience with such larger-dimensional aggregates and I imagine the notation is even less consistent here than elsewhere -- at least vectors and matrices themselves are pretty well-defined.

Benwing (talk) 01:22, 6 April 2012 (UTC)

 * You have. Thank you. =) F = q(E+v×B) ⇄ ∑ici 17:49, 6 May 2012 (UTC)

Re-Organized the article
I have reorganized the article to make in an attempt to make it more accessible to non-experts. In this spirit I have put definitions toward the front and identities toward the end of the article, as well as choosing one notation (numerator layout) for the first few sections, leaving technical discussion about other notations further along in the article.

Please give me any feedback on this. To make a major change like this one does have to make a number of small decisions, and I apologize if others feel that I have taken away clarity from one of the original sections by making it part of this new organization. Some immediate example are the sections 'usages' and 'relation to other derivatives', which have been moved to the new first section called 'Scope' because I feel they are important both to the expert and the novice in the subject. Of course, when I say novice I do not mean someone who has not math background, but someone with some knowledge of calculus and linear algebra who has never heard of a derivative involving a matrix.

Finally, the newly added discussion on differential form is very good, but is still mainly only in the identities section. Perhaps we could move some of the initial discussion of differential form into the notation section, or in each of the definition sections. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Brent Perreault (talk • contribs) 15:18, 18 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Those edits were probably fine, thanks for the good faith and helpful edits. =) Moving things around for better continuity isn't a problem, by all means do so, if you think it will be better. F = q(E+v×B) ⇄ ∑ici 17:08, 18 May 2012 (UTC)

Unfortunately
I was surprised to see that this article uses "unfortunately" four times. This seems odd - it's surely not up to an encyclopaedia to editorialize about what is or is not unfortunate, especially in a topic like this. I'm hoping that someone with knowledge of the topic can, without losing meaning, replace these with something more appropriate. Thanks and best wishes 82.45.217.156 (talk) 17:04, 7 June 2012 (UTC)

I removed the 3 uses of the word "unfortunately" when speaking about the notational conventions. Many authors would argue that having multiple conventions serves a positive purpose for the users of matrix calculus. In fact, as indicated in the article, some authors find reason to mix the use of the two consistent conventions within the same paper. Thus while a single conventions would certainly have its advantages, the encyclopedic article certainly should not claim that the preferred (more fortunate) option. Also, the word appeared so many times largely due to repeated information which I tried to cut down on. I did not remove the fourth one. The article still reads "The chain rule applies in some of the cases, but unfortunately does not apply in matrix-by-scalar derivatives or scalar-by-matrix derivatives" where I believe almost all mathematicians would use and understand the word "unfortunately" with respect to the fact that a certain rule was not as simple as one might have guessed, and that the use of the word here adds meaning in the correct way. I'm open to other opinions, of course. : )    Brent Perreault (talk) 20:25, 23 July 2012 (UTC)

Not a numerator layout in the numerator column??
I would really appreciate if someone explained to me why in the numerator layout $$\frac{\partial \mathbf{x}^{\rm T}\mathbf{A}}{\partial \mathbf{x}} = \mathbf{A}^{\rm T}$$. The dimension of $$\mathbf{x}^{\rm T}\mathbf{A}$$ is 1xn, the dimension of $$\mathbf{x}$$ is nx1, thus according to the numerator layout the dimension of the result should be 1xn. All in all, this derivative looks like a derivative of a row vector by a column vector which is hard to interpret.

According to this identity, in a singular case (A=I), we would have $$\frac{\partial \mathbf{x}^{\rm T}}{\partial \mathbf{x}} = \mathbf{I} = \frac{\partial \mathbf{x}}{\partial \mathbf{x}}$$. Was it the intention?

Thanks, Sd1074 (talk) 20:03, 1 July 2012 (UTC)

This is a great question. This seems to be the only place where the article treats the derivative of a a row vector (or at least if you assumed all the preceding vectors to be row vectors, then this would be the first place where it treats the derivative of a column vector). I'm not sure that we can very consistently define the derivative of a row vector with respect to a (column) vector once we have established a convention for the derivative of a column vector. My guess is this identity was taken from a very limited context where this type of derivative could be consistently defined, but that the result does not belong here. Moreover, a clear understanding of these issues should be used to write about the defining of derivatives of transposes (or not defining) in the article. thanks, Brent Perreault (talk) 20:47, 23 July 2012 (UTC)

Computer Algebra Software (CAS)?
I was wondering which CAS supports performing matrix calculus operations?

I know Sage/Maxima can do tensor calculus, but the extensions do not work well with inverses or determinants. The list of CAS tools do not have a column comparing this functionality either. I am hoping someone can provide a list of tools which can automate this process/check my work. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.228.41.185 (talk) 04:11, 14 February 2013 (UTC)

Scalar function of a vector function chain rule
Is this case missing?

$$ h({\mathbf{x}}) = g({\mathbf{f}}({\mathbf{x}}))$$

the chain rule can be obtained by (using the chain rule for functions of several variables and the numerator layout)

$$\frac = \frac\frac $$

can I add in the main page?

{\rm tr} is not the same as \operatorname{tr}.
When one writes {\rm tr} in TeX one does not get proper spacing before and after "tr". Thus:
 * $$ a {\rm tr} B \, $$ is coded as   a {\rm tr} B, and
 * $$ a \operatorname{tr} B \, $$ is coded as  a \operatorname{tr} B, and
 * $$ a \operatorname{tr} (B) \, $$ is coded as  a \operatorname{tr} (B).

Writing \operatorname{tr} results in a certain amount of space before and after tr, and there is less space when (round brackets) follow tr than when they don't. The form {\rm tr}, on the other hand, involves no spacing conventions. The form \operatorname{tr} is standard usage and I edited accordingly. Michael Hardy (talk) 21:25, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

Matrix analysis
Not the same topic? Ardomlank (talk) 23:10, 31 March 2016 (UTC)

 * No more than Calculus and Mathematical analysis are. Highly related but not the same. -Apocheir (talk) 18:42, 22 February 2020 (UTC)

Jan R Magnus's criticism
In this edit, added some criticism of this notation used article. However, it seems to be an out-of-date criticism. The first article cited criticizes a version of this Wikipedia page from more than 10 years ago, but the article has been nearly rewritten from scratch since then. The current revision of this page does not use the omega-derivative that Magnus derides, which entails use of an operator called "vec" to turn matrices into vectors). This page, in fact, appears to use what Magnus's preferred calls the alpha-derivative: we call it the numerator layout. The denominator layout is the transpose of Magnus's alpha-derivative. For what it's worth, Magnus's work isn't entirely new to this page: it was referenced in Talk:Matrix_calculus/Archive_2 (although it was in the omega-derivative era, so it got pooh-poohed).

My point is that i've reverted that edit, because it no longer applies. Let me know if I'm wrong, or if there's something from Magnus's articles that isn't included on this page but should be. -Apocheir (talk) 18:40, 22 February 2020 (UTC)

 * I think you made a mistake there. The alpha derivative in "On the concept of matrix derivative" is defined as:

\mathrm{D} \mathbf{F} \left(\mathbf{X}\right) = \frac{\partial \mathrm{vec} \left( \mathbf{F} \left(\mathbf{X}\right)\right)}{\partial \left(\mathrm{vec}\left( \mathbf{X}\right)\right)^{\top}} $$

 * Whereas the omega derivative is used in this article. I give you an example why the alpha derivative is the easier definition:

\mathbf{F} \left(\mathbf{X}\right) = \mathbf{a}^{\top}\mathbf{X}^{-1} $$

\text{d}\mathbf{F} = - \mathbf{a}^{\top}\mathbf{X}^{-1}\text{d}\mathbf{X} \mathbf{X}^{-1} $$

 * apply vec

\text{d}\mathrm{vec} \left( \mathbf{F}\right) = - \mathrm{vec}\left(\mathbf{a}^{\top}\mathbf{X}^{-1}\text{d}\mathbf{X} \mathbf{X}^{-1}\right) = - \left(\mathbf{X}^{\top-1} \otimes \mathbf{a}^{\top}\mathbf{X}^{-1} \right) \text{d}\mathrm{vec} \left(\mathbf{X}\right) $$

 * and

\text{D} \mathbf{F}\left( \mathbf{X}\right) = - \left(\mathbf{X}^{\top-1} \otimes \mathbf{a}^{\top}\mathbf{X}^{-1} \right) $$

 * To my knowledge there is no such elgant way to do this with the omega derivative. Also think about this in a more complicated context where you have to use the chain/product rule. With the alpha derivative you can just use it like you are used in the scalar case, but with the omega derivative you are very fast out of options. Matrixcalc (talk) 19:42, 24 February 2020 (UTC)

 * OK, I misunderstood the article. That said, there are some strong opinions in the talk page archives about whether these derivatives involving $$\mathrm{vec}$$ are better expressed using tensor calculus. I'm not an expert on either matrix calculus or tensor calculus, and I'm neither in a position right now to reevaluate that whole discussion... -Apocheir (talk) 01:54, 17 March 2020 (UTC)

Example says "numerator layout" but is actually "denominator layout"?
At each of the following spots, there's a scalar-by-matrix example labeled "numerator layout," but the examples aren't using the same layout, so one of them must be wrong (the first I think?):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_calculus#Scalar-by-matrix

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_calculus#Numerator-layout_notation — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.163.18.220 (talk) 13:42, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

[edited to fix second link]

Section on "differential-form first" technique could use some clarification re numerator vs denominator layout
At the start of this section on the "differential-form first" technique, the reader is warned: "It is often easier to work in differential form and then convert back to normal derivatives. This only works well using the numerator layout."

However, a helpful example a bit further up the page uses this "differential-form first" technique to get an answer for the denominator layout (according to the table just below it, anyway). Is there something wrong with the example? Or is the "differential-form first" technique actually fine for the denominator layout, too? Or should the aforementioned warning really say that the technique "only works well using the denominator layout"?

Perhaps someone with expertise in this area (not I, alas) could reconcile this contradiction. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.163.18.220 (talk) 14:26, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

Follow-up: I now think that the "problem" is that the example in question tacitly performs a transpose in the final step, which "converts" the answer to denominator layout. Since the section on the "differential-form first" technique warns that the technique "only works well using the numerator layout," then maybe the best course here would be to give the answer in the example in numerator layout instead, and to explain that one would just transpose the solution to convert it to denominator layout. (That's assuming I'm correct.) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.163.18.220 (talk) 15:37, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

What is the meaning of $$\mathbf{U} \circ \mathbf{V}$$
In Matrix-by-scalar identities, there is a row:

 * {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! scope="col" width="175" | Condition ! scope="col" width="100" | Expression ! scope="col" width="100" | Numerator layout, i.e. by Y
 * + Identities: matrix-by-scalar $$\frac{\partial \mathbf{Y}}{\partial x}$$
 * U = U(x), V = V(x) || $$\frac{\partial (\mathbf{U} \circ \mathbf{V})}{\partial x} =$$ || $$\mathbf{U} \circ \frac{\partial \mathbf{V}}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial \mathbf{U}}{\partial x} \circ \mathbf{V}$$
 * }
 * }

If U = U(x) is a function of x, what is the meaning of $$\mathbf{U} \circ \mathbf{V}$$? 78.91.103.181 (talk) 10:57, 6 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Matrix calculus


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Matrixism (2nd nomination)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was deleted already. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 22:29, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

Matrixism
Relisted on Redirects for Deletion. Philwelch 00:34, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Non-encyclopedic. Hoax. The word gets a lot of Google hits, but all but one that I saw turn out to be blogs/bbs's-- someone's got way too much time on their hands. -- Mwanner 19:36, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC) (note: originally posted on Talk:Matrixism)
 * Keep as a Redirect to New religious movement or New religious movement, include appropriate reference to Matrixism there. The Matrixism faith currently claims over 500 followers according to their FAQ.  May not be sufficiently significant to warrant its own article, nor an appropriate addition to the Matrix article, but it's a useful example of a Fiction-based New Religious Movement (especially one in its early development).  Although it could be a hoax, there's currently insufficient evidence either way, therefore removing references to it on that basis constitutes religious discrimination and a violation of Wikipedia's NPOV.  KickAir8P~ 05:31, 2005 Apr 19 (UTC)
 * Implication that it is a bona fide religion despite any evidence is nonfactual and POV. Additionally, given that there is absolutely no independent evidence of its existence, references to "Matrixism" in Wikipedia constitute original research. Philwelch 15:10, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Inclusion in the New religious movement article (especially in the New religious movement section) does not imply that Matrixism is a "bona fide religion" due to the nature of NRMs, which is detailed in the article. That there is at least one person claiming sincere adherance to the Matrixism faith is an observable fact, and therefore not itself original research.  Although their assertion of 500+ converts may be non-factual, due to the nature of religious freedom burden of proof is on those claiming Matrixism is a hoax, and currently there's nothing other than negative data (specifically, that there's nothing indicating its existence but the website and a number of posts on various boards from a few IP addresses).  Under the circumstances, removing references to Matrixism soley because it might be a hoax asserts the POV that it is a hoax.  Removing references to it for other reasons (lacks numbers/significance for its own artcle, doesn't belong in articles about the movie) may well be valid, but these don't prevent reference to Matrixism in an article where it evidently does belong, specifically New religious movement;  and they should not prevent redirect of this stub to that article.  KickAir8P~ 16:49, 2005 Apr 19 (UTC)
 * A new religious movement that is only known to have "at least one" adherent (and not even that is known) is not encyclopedic. Philwelch 19:28, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * That's not what makes it worthy of inclusion in New religious movement - the observable fact of at least one declared adherent means that the existence of Matrixism is not original research. KickAir8P~ 01:42, 2005 Apr 20 (UTC)
 * Very well. Delete and replace with a redirect (The Matrix would be most appropriate imho). Radiant_* 12:47, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * That was what was originally done, but all references to Matrixism in The Matrix were deemed unencyclopedic and removed in a recent RfC. Additionally, linkspamming vandals have taken the redirect as an invitation to linkspam The Matrix in the past, and now New religious movement. Philwelch 15:18, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd like to note that despite Philwelch's factually correct comment above, my inclusion of a reference to Matrixism in the New religious movement article (which included a link to the Matrixism website) was neither linkspamming nor vandalism. KickAir8P~ 16:18, 2005 Apr 19 (UTC)
 * Delete and redirect. -Sean Curtin 00:08, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - I was just reading Guide to Votes for deletion, and it's possible that this shouldn't've been listed on Votes for deletion since it's not an article anymore but a redirect (most recently to New religious movement). See Guide to Votes for deletion and Redirects for deletion.  I have no idea how to fix this.  KickAir8P~ 21:35, 2005 Apr 24 (UTC)
 * You're probably right, I'll list it there later today, hopefully. Philwelch 22:00, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, hoax, and an attempted merge to the only article where a mention is merited was rejected. (As a redirect with content in its history that is no longer merged, this doesn't belong on WP:RFD, either.) —Korath (Talk) 12:05, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Linux tablet

Broken Links
Why was this link added back: "within the specialized context of Linux and all other Unixlike operating systems,"? I removed it once before and then it was put back. I've removed it again. -- Dpark 22:53, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I'm also removing this link: Introduction: -- Dpark

The Lycorix link seem to be dead. Lixy 19:53, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

Style
I've gone through and given things proper headings and subheadings. I've also done bit of other style work. If the headings look rather empty, it's because there's no content. I don't know enough, or care enough, to add the required content to make this a real article. If someone else wants to do it, great. All the necessary headings are prepared now, but until there's some real content, it's going to look boring and bizarre. I still think that this does not qualify as a real article (ala the votes for deletion page), but for now, at least it's got a more reasonable and consistent style. -- Dpark 06:50, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

By the way, in case anyone's wondering why I made so much of the text into headings/subheadings, I simply tried to place headings where I felt they should/would be if the article had appropriate content. -- Dpark 06:54, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Closed deletion listing
This article was listed for deletion on 9 April, 2005. The discussion was closed with the result of no consensus. This article will not be deleted. You can view the discussion, which is no longer live: Votes_for_deletion/Linux Tablet. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 18:42, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Stub removal conflict
There was a short discussion in the stubsensor cleanup project conflict resolution section about this article. I thought it would be prudent to archive it here as well. Triddle 17:27, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

 * (This was copied from my talk page. Triddle) [Stubsensor] Has twice taken the stub tag off Linux Tablet, an extremely long article with little more than headings in it. Its a stub.... Any chance the code can be mangled to check how much of an article isn't in == == statements? --Kiand 08:52, 21 May 2005 (UTC)
 * (this was copied from User Talk:Kiand. Triddle) Hi Kiand, Stubsensor does not remove any tag, only people do. Please see the current cleanup project to understand what stubsensor does and what the volunteers (myself included) are attempting to do. After reviewing the article it is clear why I removed the stub tag: The article is badly misleading, including many paragraphs that don't contribute to the article at all and are merely notes to future editors. Perhaps if all the empty sections (which should be labeled as a ) were removed and messages to future editors were moved into the talk page this ambiguity would be removed. Also, the article may be in need of cleanup, but that does not make it a stub. In fact there are many strong paragraphs and if all the unfinished content were removed the article may have enough to not be a stub anymore on that basis alone. Perhaps a better tag for this article would be rather than . Regardless the next version of stubsensor is going to ignore all articles that have the  tag in it so next time this article should be left out of any reports. Please also continue to respond to this (if you would like to) at the conflict resolution section of the current cleanup project as I'm trying to get as many eyeballs to look at these cases so I can make sure they are handled as well as possible. Thanks for your note, Triddle 16:59, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

 * TBTH, I wanted that article deleted, and it barely passed VFD (it actually lost but not enough margin of concensous), so I don't really want to have to go through it, tagging each section... I'm actually just waiting to see if the original author fixes it up, and if not, VFD'ing again after a suitable time, as its an orphaned HOW-TO...
 * I only contacted you as I thought the stub removal was a bot. Oops.. --Kiand 17:09, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

Article rewrite
I rewrote the article; after carefully reading it there was really very little information at all. I picked out the gems I could see and created a nice stub out of it. If you think there are any other gems in the original document please don't revert to it; at the very least just cut and paste the sentences into the new article. The last article is nearly beyond repair, starting over from scratch seems to make more sense here. Even if nothing is done by having the sentences that actually relate to Linux on a tablet pc pasted into this new article in random order it will be easier to fix than the last article. Triddle 18:08, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you. Last time I tried to rewrite it, the original author reverted me though. --Kiand 18:15, 21 May 2005 (UTC) (who has used Linux on his Tablet PC).

 * The original article seems to be beyond the scope of an encyclopedia entry anyway. While the author's goals are nice I believe an article with a level of detail on that order belongs in Wikibooks, not Wikipedia. I would also like to clarify that I don't think the original prose was of poor quality or the article is not worthy of print; In fact there was lots of factual information and prose but very little of it related to Linux on a Tablet PC. Thats why I believe this is a good candidate for a transition of the original article to Wikibooks and I hope the original author will take that route, with a link on this page to the new Wikibook, instead of simply reverting this document so it is beyond the scope of Wikipedia again. Triddle 18:45, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

Handwriting recognition
The article says one would need handwriting recognition software. But doesn't say what software the mentioned RavenX41 thing uses... It would be nice if someone posts the xorg.conf of his/her Raven41.
 * Someones xorg config file is very much outside the scope of this article, and this page is the wrong place to look for help. --Kiand 02:56, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Linux tablet


text:
Pope Alexander

There have been nine popes and one antipope named Alexander.

 * Pope Alexander I (c. 75), reigned c. 107
 * Pope Alexander I of Alexandria
 * Pope Alexander II of Alexandria
 * Pope Alexander II (1010/1015 – 1073), reigned 1061–1073
 * Pope Alexander III (c. 1100 – 1181), reigned 1159–1181
 * Pope Alexander IV (c. 1199 – 1261), reigned 1254–1261
 * Antipope Alexander V (c. 1339 – 1410)
 * Pope Alexander VI (1431–1503), reigned 1492–1503
 * Pope Alexander VII (1599–1667), reigned 1655–1667
 * Pope Alexander VIII (1610–1691), reigned 1689–1691

title: Pope Alexander


text: User talk:62.194.158.148

title: User talk:62.194.158.148


text:
Jiang Qin

Jiang Qin (died late 219/early 220), courtesy name Gongyi, was a military general and naval specialist serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He previously served under Sun Quan's elder brother and predecessor, Sun Ce, and participated in various battles throughout his service under the Sun family, including Sun Ce's conquests in Jiangdong, the Battle of Xiaoyao Ford and Lü Meng's invasion of Jing Province, twice holding joint command of the Sun armies.

Service under Sun Ce
Jiang Qin was from Shouchun County (壽春縣), Jiujiang Commandery (九江郡), which is in present-day Shou County, Anhui. He and Zhou Tai joined Sun Ce in 194, serving as an Attendant (給事) under Sun Ce when Sun Ce served under the warlord Yuan Shu. When Sun Ce crossed the Yangtze River to start his conquests of the territories in the Jiangdong region, Jiang Qin was appointed as a Major of Separate Command (別部司馬) and placed in command of some troops. He accompanied Sun Ce on the campaigns and assisted in the conquests of Danyang (丹陽), Wu (吳), Kuaiji (會稽) and Yuzhang Commanderies (豫章郡). He was later reassigned to be the Commandant of Geyang (葛陽尉) and was placed in charge of three counties. During his tenure, he defeated bandits and rebels so was promoted by Sun Quan to Commandant of the West (西部都尉) where he could help the new regime.

When Lü He (呂合) and Qin Lang (秦狼) led an uprising in the five eastern counties in Kuaiji Commandery, Jiang Qin led his troops to fight them and succeeded in pacifying the five counties and capturing the two rebel leaders. For his achievement, he was promoted to General of the Household Who Attacks the Yue (討越中郎將) and placed in charge of Jingqu (涇拘) and Zhaoyang (昭陽) counties. Jiang Qin later led 10,000 troops to assist He Qi in expanding Sun reach south against the local people (黝縣) in Min River and Xindu camapigns.

Service under Sun Quan
Jiang Qin participated in the Battle of Xiaoyao Ford in 214-215. Was with his lord Sun Quan when they came under attack by the enemy general Zhang Liao at Xiaoyao Ford, Jiang Qin fought bravely and was promoted to General Who Defeats Bandits (盪寇將軍). He shared joint command with Lü Meng, whom Sun Quan had both urged to study, in the 217 defense of Ruxu against Cao Cao with Jiang Qin controlling the navy, though they suffered in a storm and lost Dong Xi, Cao Cao retreated. He was later recalled to the Wu capital and was commissioned as Right Protector of the Army (右護軍) which gave him responsibility for army discipline.

In 219, Sun Quan ordered Lü Meng to lead an army to invade Jing Province when its defender, Guan Yu (a general under Liu Bei), was away at the Battle of Fancheng. Jiang Qin participated in the campaign and led a naval force up the Mian (沔), acting as a guard against any counter measure by Guan Yu. However, after the victory, Jiang Qin fell sick and died on the way back to Wu. Sun Quan personally donned mourning attire when he attended Jiang Qin's funeral. He also gave 200 taxable households and 200 acre of land in Wuhu to Jiang Qin's family. Rafe De Crespigny notes Jiang Qin seems to have been something of a naval specialist and a notable loss to Sun Quan.

Sun Quan's home visit
Sun Quan once visited Jiang Qin's house and saw that Jiang's mother had only a light bed-curtain and cotton blankets, while Jiang's wife and concubines wore only simple cloth dresses. Sun Quan was so impressed with Jiang Qin's frugality that he ordered his own household to make silk blankets for Jiang's mother and exchange her curtains for better ones. Jiang Qin's wife and concubines also received silk and embroidered garments.

Incident with Xu Sheng
Once, when Jiang Qin was stationed in Xuancheng County (宣城縣) and was out fighting rebels in Yuzhang Commandery, Xu Sheng, who was then the Prefect (令) of Wuhu, arrested an officer under Jiang Qin and requested for permission from Sun Quan to have the officer executed. As Jiang Qin was away at that time, Sun Quan denied the request. Xu Sheng had since estranged himself from Jiang Qin. Later, during the Battle of Ruxu in 217, Jiang Qin and Lü Meng were put in charge of military discipline. Xu Sheng was constantly worried that Jiang Qin would find fault with him, but, much to his surprise, Jiang praised him instead, and Xu was very impressed by Jiang's virtuous behaviour. Jiang Qin became more highly regarded after this incident. Sun Quan later asked Jiang Qin, "Xu Sheng offended you earlier on, but yet now you praise him. You wish to emulate Qi Xi, don't you?” Jiang Qin replied, “I heard that one should not let his personal feuds affect his official duties. Xu Sheng is loyal and hardworking, possesses both courage and talent, and is capable of leading thousands of troops. Now, we've yet to accomplish our great task, so I should help to scout for and recommend talents to serve the state instead of letting my private problems cloud my judgment.” Sun Quan was very pleased.

Descendants
Jiang Qin's son, Jiang Yi (蔣壹), received the title "Marquis of Xuancheng” (宣城侯) and fought well at the Battle of Xiaoting in 221-222 against Liu Bei's forces. He was later dispatched to Nan Commandery (南郡) to join in the Battle of Jiangling but was killed in service of Wu. Jiang Yi had no son so his military post was inherited by his younger brother, Jiang Xiu (蔣休). Jiang Xiu was later discharged from service for committing an offence.

Romance Of The Three Kingdoms
First appears when Sun Ce fights Liu Yao, he and Zhou Tai are brigands who hear Sun Ce values men of talent so gather three hundred supporters and set fire to Zhang Ying's camp to force Liu Yao to retreat, he and Zhou Tai are given a command role in the vanguard. Against Yan Baihu with Yan Yu holding a key bridge, goes with Chen Wu on a small boat to fire upon the defenders on the bank then charges with sword out, forcing the defenders back. Takes part at Battle of Red Cliffs with command of the right squadron of Zhou Yu's naval force. Successfully volunteers to lead vanguard in Battle of Jiangling but is nearly executed for failure to stop Cao Ren and Niu Jin cutting their way out of trap. Takes leading part in the fictional attempt to stop Liu Bei and his new wife Lady Sun leaving, pressing the other Sun officers to pursue but Zhuge Liang arrives in time to thwart them.

title: Jiang Qin


text: User talk:63.73.217.254

title: User talk:63.73.217.254


text:
Buchanan & Press

Buchanan & Press is an American debate show on MSNBC pairing former Crossfire hosts conservative Pat Buchanan and liberal Bill Press. The show was cancelled due to both hosts' opposition to the 2003 Iraq War.

title: Buchanan & Press


text:
Pot liquor

Pot liquor, sometimes spelled potlikker or pot likker, is the liquid that is left behind after boiling greens (collard greens, mustard greens, turnip greens) or beans. It is sometimes seasoned with salt and pepper, smoked pork or smoked turkey. Pot liquor contains high amounts of essential vitamins and minerals including iron, vitamin A and vitamin C. Especially important is that it contains high amounts of vitamin K, which aids in blood clotting. Another term is collard liquor.

Background
Former governor and U.S. senator Zell Miller of Georgia wrote a defense of the traditional spelling "potlikker" in The New York Times.

Much earlier, in his autobiography, Every Man a King, governor and U.S. senator Huey Pierce Long, Jr., of Louisiana, defined "potlikker", a favorite of his country political supporters, as

"... the juice that remains in a pot after greens or other vegetables are boiled with proper seasoning. The best seasoning is a piece of salt fat pork, commonly referred to as 'dry salt meat' or 'side meat'. If a pot be partly filled with well-cleaned turnip greens and turnips (which should be cut up), with a half-pound piece of the salt pork and then with water and boiled until the greens and turnips are cooked reasonably tender, then the juice remaining in the pot is the delicious, invigorating, soul-and-body sustaining potlikker ... which should be taken as any other soup and the greens eaten as any other food...

Most people crumble cornpone (corn meal mixed with a little salt and water, made into a pattie and baked until it is hard) into the potlikker."

The practice of consuming potlikker was commonly employed by slaves in the United States to concentrate nutrients from vegetables.

title: Pot liquor


text:
Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming

"Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming" is the ninth episode of the seventh season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on November 26, 1995. In this episode, Sideshow Bob attempts to rid Springfield of television by threatening to detonate an atomic bomb. When that backfires, he attempts to kill Bart once again, but this time along with Krusty the Clown.

The episode was written by freelance writer Spike Feresten, and features the fifth major appearance of Sideshow Bob. Although Feresten received credit for the episode, the writing staff completely rewrote the episode and very little of Feresten's original script was left in the finished version. It was the first episode of The Simpsons to be directed by Dominic Polcino, who described it as being very difficult to direct. R. Lee Ermey, known for his role in Full Metal Jacket, guest stars as Col. Leslie "Hap" Hapablap while Kelsey Grammer reprises his role as Sideshow Bob.

The episode is a parody of "'60s-era nuclear war movies" and contains several references to Cold War films, including Twilight's Last Gleaming, Dr. Strangelove, and Fail-Safe. In its original broadcast, the episode finished 49th in ratings for the week of November 20–26, 1995, with a Nielsen rating of 8.7 and a 13 share of the audience.

The episode received generally positive reviews by critics.

Plot
At Springfield Minimum Security Prison, Sideshow Bob is disturbed when he hears the other inmates laughing at the inane antics of Krusty the Clown's television show. Believing that television is a fountain of "mindless drivel" and wanting to rid the world of it, Bob escapes while on work duty at a local Air Force Base. By mimicking one of the base's colonels he gains access to a restricted area of the hangar, where he steals a 10-megaton nuclear weapon.

As the Simpsons and other residents of Springfield are attending an air show held at the base, the signal on the big screen is interrupted by Bob, who threatens to detonate the bomb unless Springfield disables all of its television broadcasts. Upon hearing the announcement, everyone flees the airfield in panic, except for Bart and Lisa. Unable to locate Bob, Mayor Quimby decides to give in to Bob's ultimatum. Krusty, refusing to submit to Bob's demands, takes refuge in a civil defense shack in the desert, which he uses to transmit a heavily improvised show.

Lisa deduces that the unusually high-pitched voice of Bob in his broadcast was due to inhaling helium, and locates him in the envelope of the Duff blimp. Bob, having lost his patience thanks to Krusty, tries to detonate the bomb, which turns out to be a dud, because it had passed the expiration date of November 1959. Lisa alerts the police to Bob's location using the blimp's variable-message sign, but Bob deflates the blimp and kidnaps Bart, before stealing the original Wright Brothers aircraft, which had been an exhibit at the air show. Holding a knife against Bart's throat, Bob attempts to carry out a deadly kamikaze attack against the civil defense shack where Krusty is hiding and kill him, Bart, and himself, but the slow-moving plane ends up merely bouncing harmlessly off the shack. The authorities quickly arrest Bob and take him back into custody while Bart is reunited with the rest of the family.

Production
"Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming" was the fifth episode of The Simpsons to feature Sideshow Bob as the main character, after "Krusty Gets Busted", "Black Widower", "Cape Feare", and "Sideshow Bob Roberts". Executive producers Bill Oakley and Josh Weinstein believed that every season of the show should contain an episode featuring Bob. However, Bob had already been in four episodes and the writers were having a difficult time coming up with new ways to include him. The first draft of the episode was written by Spike Feresten, a freelance writer who later became known for his work on Seinfeld. Although he received credit for the episode, the writing staff completely rewrote the episode and very little of Feresten's original script was left in the episode. Oakley describes the episode as "one of the most arduous rewrites in the history of the show" because much of the dialogue had to be re-written.

"Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming" was the first episode of The Simpsons to be directed by Dominic Polcino. Polcino had worked as an assistant director on the show and had left the show, but was offered a chance to be a director. He describes the episode as a "tough one to start with", especially the scenes with the Wright Flyer. An early version of the script featured a longer scene at the air show that featured Hans Moleman flying an early flying machine. The scene where Milhouse is in a jet pretending to fire missiles at his parents because he's upset with them, would later inspire the episode "A Milhouse Divided". In that episode, Milhouse's parents become divorced, and it is also a reference to Dr. Frasier Crane.

A character modeled after Fox Network owner Rupert Murdoch briefly appears in a scene set in jail. The censors said that Murdoch could not be shown, but Murdoch gave his permission for his caricature to be used. Murdoch was voiced in that scene by series regular Dan Castellanetta. R. Lee Ermey, known for his role in Full Metal Jacket, guest stars as Col. Leslie "Hap" Hapablap. The role was specifically written for him and much of his dialogue was difficult to write. The line "What is your major malfunction?" is based on dialogue from Full Metal Jacket.

Cultural references
The episode is a parody of "'60s-era nuclear war movies" and contains several references to Cold War films. There were also several references to Dr. Strangelove: the underground compound resembles the War Room from the film; Professor Frink was redesigned to parody the title character; the tune that Sideshow Bob whistles while preparing the bomb is "We'll Meet Again", as sung by Vera Lynn at the end of the film; and Krusty's acting whilst he defends television is based on George C. Scott's performance as General Buck Turgidson. An alien appears in Hangar 18, a reference to the film of the same name, and indirectly the Roswell incident.

Another parodied film is the 1964 thriller Fail-Safe by Sidney Lumet: at the beginning of the third act of the episode, scenes of everyday life across Springfield are shown, and one by one, with a 'zooming' sound effect, they all freeze-frame in anticipation of the (supposedly) imminent nuclear blast; such was the ending of Fail-Safe. One of the scenes before the supposed nuclear blast shows Maggie picking flowers in a field, with the camera zooming into her eye, and then the minuscule blast occurs. This is a parody of the innovative and controversial Daisy advertisement used by Lyndon B. Johnson in the 1964 United States presidential election.

The dud bomb is partially a reference to the film The Mouse That Roared, which also features a nonfunctional nuclear bomb with mice inside. In the episode the bomb is revealed to be a dud after it falls apart and mice run out from it; in the movie, after the mouse leaves the bomb starts working again. Sideshow Bob's bomb also has a note that says "Best before 1959," the year The Mouse That Roared was made.

Tom Baker's Fourth Doctor from Doctor Who makes an appearance.

Reception
In its original broadcast, "Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming" finished 49th in ratings for the week of November 20–26, 1995, with a Nielsen rating of 8.7 and a 13 share of the audience. It was the fourth highest-rated show on the Fox network that week behind The X-Files, Beverly Hills, 90210, and Melrose Place.

The authors of the book I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood, wrote, "Probably the least satisfying of Sideshow Bob's gleamings – but there's enough slapstick and satire to keep things ticking along nicely."

DVD Movie Guide's Colin Jacobson wrote, "Though it doesn't compete with the best Bob shows, it has more than a few nice moments." He added that he enjoyed R. Lee Ermey's guest appearance as well as the jokes about the Fox network. Jennifer Malkowski of DVD Verdict considered the best part of the episode to be when Milhouse was playing in the fighter jet at the air show. Malkowski concluded her review by giving the episode a grade of B−.

title: Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming


text:
Talk:The Adventure of the Resident Patient

Untitled
Dear anonymous user:

Please state your reason for believing that the story is set in 1887. Kelisi 22:55, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The story is definitely not set in 1887. The original version of the story as published in the Strand Magazine in August 1893 reads: "I cannot be sure of the exact date, for some of my memoranda upon the matter have been mislaid, but it must have been towards the end of the first year during which Holmes and I shared chambers in Baker Street. It was boisterous October weather..." As Watson arrived back in England in November 1880 and moved into 221B Baker Street with Holmes some little time later (see A Study in Scarlet), the action of "The Resident Patient" must take place in October 1881. Donald Renouf, 2 July 2005, 2 p.m. (BST)

What is wrong with this article?
Why are your layers becoming transparent

Would this be set in the years after the death of sherlock holmes
In the Adobe Ebook version, the first line writes "Glancing over the somewhat incoherent series of Memoirs with which I have endeavored to illustrate a few of the mental peculiarities of my friend Mr. Sherlock Holmes, I have been struck by the difficulty which I have experienced in picking out examples which shall in every way answer my purpose."

wouldn't this mean that this is a reflection of some of the adventures they did before? Also the story speaks in past tense signifing that it may be after holmes is "dead"


text:
Talk:Comprehensive School Mathematics Program

This article appears to be about the USA. Shouldn't it say so?

Charles Matthews 22:55, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Are we sure the program ended in 1984? Because I had to go through this program-- it's one of the reasons I have trouble with addition :-) -- and I didn't start school until the late eighties. Could we have a citation for this?Anonymoustom 05:59, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
 * No I'm not really sure. The evaluation reports all end in 1984 I can't find any dates after that. I'll see if I can find out. --Salix alba (talk) 07:09, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

Email from CSMP archive maintainer
Below is an email I've receive from the maintainer of the archive. It clarrifies a few things Rich, Thank you for doing this. 1984 was the final version started at (Central Eastern Midwestern Regional Laboratory ) CEMREL. The Project was bought out around 1984 by McREL (Mid-continental Research for Education and Learning) and supported until 2003. This revision of the final project called: CSMP/21 took place from 1992 - 1997. One goal of this revision was to make the program more cost effective. See any of the introductions from Primary and Intermediate. http://ceure.buffalostate.edu/~csmp/CSMP%20Program/Primary%20Disk/KINDERGARDEN/kStand.pdf http://ceure.buffalostate.edu/~csmp/CSMP%20Program/Intermediate%20Disk/IG_VI/IG-VI%20Lesson%20Plans/IGVI_INTRO.PDF Many people were involved, the original director was Burt Kaufman which started in 1963, Clare Heidema headed the project from 1979 to 2003. The start of the K-6 program was 1972. Reports after 1984 are on the website. This would be a good one to look at: http://ceure.buffalostate.edu/~csmp/Evaluation/ReporttotheProgramEffectivenessPanel.pdf One thing I object to is the referral to the "Mountain Math" and the Fantasy. Mountain math was a collection of extensions of some of the activities, I got its name because McREL is in Denver at the base of the Rocky Mountains. Its role was dissemination of the program. The other was the use of fantasy to create problem-solving situations for young children which is referred to as Eli the Elephant in the description. These were used not solely to be amusing but rather to create a problem situation that the children could understand. THe focus of the entire program was to teach mathematics as a problem solving activity. Thanks and let me know if I can give you any more information. Warmly, Tom —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Salix alba (talk • contribs) 20:23, 15 April 2007 (UTC).

Adding CSMP-related images
As I am not very familiar with copyright guidelines, what images are fair use? I would like to include drawings of the mini-computer, checkers, and possibly arrows and strings in this article. Perhaps even pictures of my old materials if I can find them in my closet. Are there copyright restrictions on any of these?

And it may be a little late for this, but I was taught CSMP in grade school from around 1992-1995. Taren Nauxen 06:23, 16 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I guess that everything published by the CSMP would be covered under standard copyright. For the most part it would prevent us from including them here, however it may be possible to apply a fair use rational for why these should appear here. It would probably be simplier to produce your own image of a mini-computer which would avoid the copyright problems. --Salix alba (talk) 06:34, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

CSMP and homeschooling families
A couple of days ago I added a comment to the main page about how CSMP is used by some homeschooling families. I received a message that my edit had been removed because I failed to provide a source. I'm not very comfortable with editing wikipedia articles. Would this page qualify? Rmawhorter (talk) 20:45, 30 March 2018 (UTC)


text: User talk:82.82.95.147

title: User talk:82.82.95.147


text:
Superstar (1999 film)

Superstar is a 1999 American romantic comedy film and a Saturday Night Live spin-off about a quirky, socially inept girl named Mary Katherine Gallagher. The character was created by SNL star Molly Shannon and appeared as a recurring character on SNL in numerous skits. The story follows Mary Katherine trying to find her place in her Roman Catholic private school. The movie is directed by former Kids in the Hall member Bruce McCulloch. It stars Molly Shannon, Will Ferrell, Elaine Hendrix, Harland Williams, Mark McKinney, who appeared in many of the Mary Katherine Gallagher SNL skits on TV, and Glynis Johns in her final film. Molly Shannon received a nomination for Blockbuster Entertainment Award "Favorite Actress - Comedy" but lost out to Heather Graham in Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me.

Plot
As a child, Mary Katherine Gallagher rescues a boy with a distinctive birthmark at the public pool. An orphan, she lives with her grandmother, and becomes obsessed with achieving “superstardom” and having her first kiss.

At St. Monica’s Catholic high school, Mary dreams of kissing Sky Corrigan, the most popular boy in school, but her awkwardness brands her a social outcast. Caught kissing a tree, she is placed in special education, where she befriends Helen Lewengrub, and new “bad boy” student Eric Slater takes an interest in her.

A school talent show is announced with the chance to win a trip to Hollywood and be a movie extra. Mary’s grandmother forbids her from participating, but Helen urges her to audition anyway, as does a vision of Jesus.

When she tries to sign up, Mary finds herself in an altercation with head cheerleader Evian Graham, Sky’s girlfriend. Mary’s grandmother reveals the true reason she will not let Mary perform – Mary’s parents were stomped to death during an Irish stepdance competition.

Having witnessed the fight with Mary, Sky breaks up with Evian, who swears revenge on Mary. Auditioning for the talent show, Mary performs an impassioned rendition of “Sometimes When We Touch”. Evian dumps a bucket of paint on her, inspired by Carrie; humiliated, Mary flees the school with Slater.

Slater brings Mary to the pool, revealing that he was the boy she saved years ago, and they bond during an impromptu swim. Returning home, she finds her grandmother has been informed that Mary earned a place in the talent show. Finally allowing her to perform, Mary's grandmother coaches her and a chorus line of her special education classmates.

As the talent show begins, Evian apologizes to Mary, revealing she and Sky will be dancing together. Mary resolves to perform not to impress Sky, but for herself. In a last-minute confession, Mary relinquishes her dream of becoming a star, instead asking to survive the performance for her grandmother’s sake.

Mary and her friends perform to “Out Here on My Own” as Slater, summoned by another vision of Jesus, arrives just in time to watch. The record player inadvertently speeds up, and Mary falls – echoing her parents’ fatal performance – but, encouraged by Jesus, she successfully leads her friends through their performance. Met with a standing ovation, Mary wins the talent show. Sky kisses her, but she rejects him, and kisses Slater.

The film ends as Mary, now dating Slater, kisses the tree goodbye.

Cast

 * Molly Shannon as Mary Katherine Gallagher
 * Will Ferrell as Sky Corrigan/Jesus
 * Harland Williams as Eric Slater
 * Elaine Hendrix as Evian Graham
 * Mark McKinney as Father Tylenol Ritley
 * Glynis Johns as Grandma Gallagher (in her last film role)
 * Jason Blicker as Howard
 * Gerry Bamman as Father John Insomnic
 * Emmy Laybourne as Helen Lewengrub
 * Jennifer Irwin as Maria
 * Rob Stefaniuk as Thomas Smith
 * Natalie Radford as Autumn Winters
 * Karyn Dwyer as Summer Falls
 * Tom Green as Dylan
 * Chuck Campbell as Owen

Reception
Superstar received negative reviews from film critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 32% based on reviews from 74 critics, with the consensus: "Dumb script and flat jokes made this another SNL misfire." On Metacritic the film has a score of 42% based on reviews from 22 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "C+" on scale of A to F.

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times rated the film one star out of four, writing: "Here is a portrait of a character so sad and hapless, so hard to like, so impossible to empathize with, that watching it feels like an act of unkindness." He furthermore described Shannon's character as "hostile" and "not very nice", stating that "She's one of those people who inspires in you the inexplicable desire to be hurtful and cruel". James Berardinelli of ReelViews, who gave the film two out of four stars, said that "Molly Shannon is a likable, energetic performer" and some of the jokes were "actually funny", but there would still not be "enough here to justify a feature-length movie". He also felt the film's attempts "at developing Mary into something more than a two-dimensional caricature" were pointless since "the script doesn't show any respect for her". Dennis Harvey of Variety magazine gave a positive review, calling the film a "pleasant surprise" as he expected only mediocrity from another Saturday Night Live adaptation. He said it is "amusing" but "uneven", suggesting it might build good word of mouth and do well but would be unlikely to reach the commercial success of Wayne's World.

title: Superstar (1999 film)


text:
Powell Gardens

Powell Gardens, Kansas City's botanical garden, is a 970 acre botanical garden in Kingsville, Missouri, United States, 30 mi east of Kansas City. It features 6,000 varieties of plants, with 225,000 plants in seasonal displays, and is open to the public, for a fee, during daylight hours.

The garden dates to 1948, when the land was purchased by George E. Powell, Sr. Since then, the site has been a dairy farm, a Boy Scout camp, an agricultural and natural resource center, and since 1988, a botanical garden.

History
Powell Gardens' history begins in 1948, when George E. Powell, Sr., a prominent Kansas City businessman, acquired the beautiful tract of land that is now Powell Gardens, Kansas City's botanical garden. Mr. Powell had learned firsthand about the sometimes harsh and unpredictable life of farming during his childhood on the family farm. In 1917, he left to pursue a business career in Kansas City. He, along with his son George Powell Jr., and others, took over ownership of Yellow Transit Freight Lines, now YRC Freight, in 1952. Throughout his successful business career, Mr. Powell never lost interest in the lands of Missouri. He and his family and friends enjoyed many weekends on his Johnson County, Missouri, farm.

In 1969, in keeping with his stewardship philosophy, Mr. Powell donated the 640 acre farm to the Kansas City Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America, who used it as a regional camp until 1984. In 1984, with the University of Missouri’s School of Agriculture as a catalyst and partner, the Powell Family Foundation began developing a horticultural and natural resource facility called Powell Center.

As a part of this development, Powell Center retained Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania-based Environmental Planning and Design, the leading U.S. consultants for botanical gardens. The firm recognized that the site would be ideal for development as a botanical garden. In 1988, official ties with the University of Missouri ended and Powell Gardens Inc., a not-for-profit organization, was established. A 19-member board of directors, in which several Powell family members serve, governs Powell Gardens. Friends of Powell Gardens, a separate organization, is made up of more than 5,000 members. Staffing at the gardens fluctuates between 35 employees during off-season and close to 70 in peak season. Powell Gardens is supported through private donations and admission, gift shop and rental revenues.

Gardens

 * The Visitor Center and surrounding gardens - The Visitor Center is located at the heart of Powell Gardens’ 970 acres and is home to the Powell Gardens Conservatory which offers seasonal rotating installations and serves as the centerpiece for the surrounding gardens. Designed by architect E. Fay Jones, the Visitor Center offers an inspirational setting for educational classes, events, wedding receptions, the on-site restaurant Cafe Thyme and Perennial Gifts, the garden gift shop.
 * Surrounding gardens include: Visitor Center Landscape, Conservatory, Terrace Garden, Conifer Garden, The Dogwood Walk, and The Dennis & Anette Young Magnolia Walk.
 * Fountain Garden - Centered between the Visitor Center, the Heartland Harvest Garden and the Conifer Garden, this summertime favorite features a 42-foot diameter interactive water feature, surrounded by panicle hydrangeas, colorful annuals, burgundy ninebarks, and cannas.
 * Marlese Lowe Gourley Island Garden– Tiered pools in this garden offer a diverse array of water plants in summer. Featured aquatic plants include waterlilies, lotus, cannas, and papyrus, which fill the pools with texture and movement.
 * Pavilion and Meadow – native prairie grasses and flowers, burned each spring.
 * Chapel walk and landscape – native oak-hickory woodland with native woodland wildflowers, including a collection of many varieties of redbud tree.
 * David T. Beals III Woodland and Stream Garden – azaleas and rhododendrons, ferns, bleeding hearts, hostas, astilbes, giant butterburs and spring bulbs.
 * Perennial Garden – more than 1,200 varieties, including daylilies, daffodils, hibiscus, and hardy asters and chrysanthemums, with ornamental grasses, against an evergreen background.
 * Byron Shutz Nature Trail – 3 mi of trail with native and naturalized trees, shrubs, grasses and wildflowers, including biscuitroot, draba, and prairie-plum.
 * Heartland Harvest Garden – Powell Gardens is home to one of the largest edible landscapes in North America. This 12 acre garden features many fruits and vegetables - some common, and some unfamiliar - and showcases "the journey of food from seed to plate". This garden features a French country style kitchen garden, greenhouses, a vineyard of native and European grapes, quilt gardens of local farm produce, and a youth education garden called the Fun Foods Farm. Also located in this garden is the open-air Missouri Barn, a beautiful structure that is home to concerts, barn dinners and cooking demos throughout the year.
 * Memorial Garden - Located next to the Marjorie Powell Allen Chapel, the Memorial Garden’s path meanders through native wildflowers, lofty oaks, and a small native prairie. A trickling fountain attracts birds and butterflies to create a site that is vibrant and full of life.
 * Perennial Garden - The Perennial Garden offers more than 1,200 varieties of plants that return year after year. This 3.5-acre landscape is designed as a series of “rooms” separated by trees and shrubs rather than walls.

Attractions and events
The iconic Marjorie Powell Allen Chapel is a 4,700 sq. ft. nondenominational wedding chapel that first opened in 1996. It was designed by architect E. Fay Jones and is made of mostly wood and glass.

Each year, the conservatory located in the Visitor Education Center is transformed into a tropical rainforest in order to house spring and summer butterfly exhibits. Blue morpho butterflies are featured along with others, including paper kite butterflies.

Powell Gardens hosts Missouri Barn Dinners every year, beginning in late spring. Held in the Missouri Barn, these dinners feature multi-course meals prepared by local chefs who are able to source many of their ingredients from the Heartland Harvest Garden. This series has featured chefs from notable Kansas City restaurants including República, Lidia's Kansas City, and others.

Powell Gardens hosts special exhibits each summer that are supplemented by a schedule of related special events and activities. Notable exhibits include:
 * In 2001, Big Bugs! featured giant, lifelike bug sculptures, 100 times their normal size, scattered across the landscape. It included three ants that weighed 700 pounds each and were 25 feet long. The exhibit also featured a 1,200-pound female praying mantis, a 50-pound spider, and a 100-pound damselfly.
 * In 2008, Chapungu - The Great African Sculpture Exhibit, featured 54 monumental stone sculptures. Visitors could watch master stone carvers at work in the gardens, and attend stone carving workshops hosted by the master carvers.

title: Powell Gardens


text:
Courtroom

A courtroom is the enclosed space in which courts of law are held in front of a judge. A number of courtrooms, which may also be known as "courts", may be housed in a courthouse. In recent years, courtrooms have been equipped with audiovisual technology to permit everyone present to clearly hear testimony and see exhibits.

Republic of Ireland
Irish legal tradition is inherited from English tradition and so an Irish courtroom has a similar setup to the English/Welsh model. The judge (or judges, in the Supreme Court and Special Criminal Court or some High Court cases) sits on a raised platform at the top of the court and wears a white collar (also called tabs) and a black gown; he/she does not wear a wig and does not use a gavel. The Irish national arms, a Celtic harp, is on the wall behind the judge, where the royal arms would be in a British court. The court registrar sits in front of the judge and administers oaths and deals with paperwork. The solicitors are at the front of the registrar, and the jury (if it is a jury trial) sits in a box to one side. The accused sits at the other side with a prison officer. A judicial assistant does legal research for the judge; they also announce when the judge enters of leaves the courtroom (usually by saying ‘all rise’, or in Irish 'seasaigí'). Witnesses give testimony in a witness box to one side of the judge. Barristers are seated facing the judge, and the public and press behind them. Barristers also wear black robes and a white collar, and may wear a wig if they wish. All proceedings are recorded by a Digital Audio Recording (DAR) box. Irish court cases are not televised; one exception was a 2017 broadcast of some Supreme Court decisions.

United States
The judge generally sits behind a raised desk, known as the bench. Behind the judge are the great seal of the jurisdiction and the flags of the appropriate federal and state governments. Judges usually wear a plain black robe (a requirement in many jurisdictions). An exception was the late U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist, who broke tradition by adorning his robe with four gold stripes on each sleeve. (Rehnquist reportedly said that he had been inspired to add the stripes by his having seen such stripes worn by the character of the judge, in a local production of the Gilbert and Sullivan comic operatic spoof of English jurisprudence, Trial by Jury.)

Adjacent to the bench are the witness stand and the desks where the court clerk and the court reporter sit. The courtroom is divided into two parts by a barrier known as the bar. The bar may be an actual railing, or an imaginary barrier. The bailiff stands (or sits) against one wall and keeps order in the courtroom.

On one side is the judge's bench, the tables for the plaintiff, the defendant, and their respective counsel, and a separate group of seats known as the jury box where the jury sits. Apart from the parties to the case and any witnesses, only the lawyers can literally pass the bar (court personnel and jury members usually enter through separate doors), and this is the reason why the term the bar has come to refer to the legal profession as a whole (see bar association). There is usually a podium or lectern between the two tables where the lawyers may stand when they argue their case before the judge.

In the Commonwealth (and many other countries), a courtroom used for trials of criminal cases often has a dock: a space exclusively reserved for seating a criminal defendant. It is marked off with a barrier, like the jury box and the witness stand. As late as the 1970s, some American courtrooms also had docks, but they gradually fell out of use. Defendants argued that they were prejudicial and interfered with the accused's right to counsel, since defense attorneys were traditionally seated at the table for defense counsel and were not normally allowed to sit next to the dock.

There is usually an open space between the bench and the counsel tables, because of the court clerk and court reporter's tables in front of the bench and the jury box on the side. This space is called the well. It is considered extremely disrespectful to the court for persons who are not court employees to directly "traverse the well" without permission—that is, to walk directly toward the bench across the well—and some courts have rules expressly forbidding this for the safety of the judge. Instead, if documents need to be given to or taken from the judge, attorneys are normally expected to approach the court clerk or bailiff, who acts as an intermediary. During trials, attorneys will ask the court's permission to traverse the well or "approach the bench" for "sidebar" conferences with the judge.

On the other side of the bar is the gallery, with benches and chairs for the general public. In some cases the gallery is separated from the rest of the room by bulletproof glass.

All of the above applies only to trial courts. Appellate courts in the United States are not finders of fact, so they do not use juries or receive evidence into the record; that is the trial court's job. Therefore, in an appellate court, there is neither a witness stand nor a jury box, and the bench is much larger to accommodate multiple judges or justices.

The walls are often partially or completely wood-paneled. This is a matter of style and tradition, but some jurisdictions have elected to construct courtrooms with a more modern appearance. Some courtroom settings are little more than a closed circuit television camera transmitting the proceedings to a correctional facility elsewhere to protect the court from violent defendants who view the proceedings on television within a jail conference room and are allowed duplex communications with the judge and other officers of the court. Many courtrooms are equipped with a speaker system where the judge can toggle a switch to generate white noise during sidebar conversations with the attorneys so that the jury and spectators cannot hear what is being discussed off-record.

Multiple courtrooms may be housed in a courthouse. The schedule of official court proceedings is called a docket.

England and Wales

Courtrooms vary considerably in their layout, reflecting the history and development of the building. Some historic courtrooms remain in use and are generally wood-panelled; most newer courtrooms are not panelled and generally have a modern appearance. Depending on the layout of the room, a claimant may sit on either the right or left in a civil court, just as the prosecution may sit on either side (usually the opposite side to the jury) in a criminal court.

In British courtrooms, a witness testifies from a witness-box, rather than the American "witness stand".

In a criminal court, where the defendant is held in custody prior to court appearance, the defendant will be escorted by the security firm that has the contract to serve that court. In rare circumstances in civil trials a bailiff or someone else charged to keep order may be present (for example if a tenant who is due to be evicted for violent behaviour or a defendant arrives in court drunk). Unless prevented by disability, advocates are expected to address the court standing up, from the position where they were seated before addressing the court.

Appellate courts may hear evidence (and also be finders of fact) as well as review legal argument. In such cases witness evidence may be necessary, and many appellate courts therefore have witness stands. Courtrooms for hearings of the Family court which consider matters such as custody of children and divorce are generally smaller and more informal in layout than those for criminal and civil proceedings.

The Royal Coat of Arms is placed above and behind the judge or presiding magistrates to symbolise the fact that trials in England and Wales are carried out in the name of The Crown. The only exceptions to this are in the City of London courts where the judge or magistrate sits below the arms of the City of London as well as the Crown, a historic anomaly. In England and Wales the Royal Coat of Arms is displayed prominently over the main external entrance to the courthouse.

Scotland
As in other countries, the judge or sheriff sits on the bench. Directly below the bench is the clerk's station which usually has a computer to allow the clerk to get on with Court Disposal work during proceedings.

Directly in front of the clerk is the well of court which has a semi-circular table at which all the advocates sit during proceedings. The Procurator Fiscal or Advocate Depute always sits in the seat at the right of the clerk during criminal proceedings.

Behind the well of the court is the dock in which the accused will sit during proceedings. Dependent on the style of the courtroom, the jury box will either be on the right or left hand side of the well of the court. Scotland is unique in the western world in that it has 15 jurors.

Usually to the right or left of the bench (again dependent on style and always directly opposite the jury) slightly raised and facing forward is the stand where any witness who is called will give evidence. The stand is designed so that any solicitor examining a witness as well as the judge/sheriff may get a good view of the testimony. At the far side of the courtroom directly opposite the jury box and behind the stand are seats for journalists who are attached to the court and the court social worker. Seats for members of the public are the back of the courtroom.

There is no court reporter in Scotland; normal summary cases are simply minuted by the clerk indicating the disposal. If the case is a solemn (more serious) case involving a jury or if the case has a sexual element then proceedings will be tape recorded which is done under the supervision of the clerk. A High Court Noter is also in attendance to record witness evidence on behalf of the Crown.

Like in England and Wales, in Scotland the Royal Coat of Arms is placed above and behind the judge or presiding sheriffs to symbolise the fact that trials are carried out in the name of The Crown. However, the Scottish version (unicorn on viewer's left, motto Nemo Me Impune Lacessit, etc.) is always used. The arms also appears prominently over the main external entrance to the courthouse.

title: Courtroom


text:
File:Cheap Trick Dream Police.jpg

Summary
Cover for the album Dream Police by Cheap Trick

title: File:Cheap Trick Dream Police.jpg


text:
Dream Police

Dream Police is the fourth studio album by American rock band Cheap Trick. It was released in 1979, and was their third release in a row produced by Tom Werman. It is the band's most commercially successful studio album, going to No. 6 on the Billboard 200 chart and being certified platinum within a few months of its release.

Overview
Dream Police shows the band expanding into longer, more complex songs and incorporating orchestration on several tracks. Three videos were produced: "Dream Police", "Way of the World" and "Voices". The album had been completed by early-1979, but its release was pushed back several months due to the surprise success of Cheap Trick at Budokan.

The album's title track became a Top 30 hit for the band. "Voices" was also a hit for the band, reaching No. 32 on the Billboard chart.

Near the end of "Gonna Raise Hell" the orchestra is citing a snippet from "Heaven Tonight". That song was described by AllMusic critic Tom Maginnis as having an "extended, disco-inflected, slowburn groove".

Critical reception
The New York Times called Dream Police "a busy, diverse album, one that can be applauded in many ways... But it doesn't suggest that Cheap Trick has anything really important to say." The Los Angeles Times wrote that "the emphasis is on lead-fisted hard rock."

The Spin Alternative Record Guide praised the "audacity of its loopy concept."

Variations
In 2010, Cheap Trick re-recorded the title track as "Green Police" for the controversial Green Police advertisement which aired during Super Bowl XLIV for Audi.

Track listing
All songs written by Rick Nielsen, except where noted.

 * The bonus tracks of the 2006 reissue of Dream Police consisted mainly of rare live versions of songs from the album. "I Know What I Want" is noteworthy for being the b-side to their 1988 single "Don't Be Cruel" and the only non-live track is a demo of the title track without its trademark strings.

Singles

 * 1979: "Dream Police" b/w "Heaven Tonight" – #26 US, #4 Canada, #79 Japan
 * 1979: "Voices" b/w "Surrender" (Live) – #16 Australia (UK)
 * 1979: "Voices" b/w "The House Is Rockin' (With Domestic Problems)" – #32 US, #12 Canada,(US & Canada)
 * 1980: "Way of the World" b/w "Oh Candy" – #73 UK
 * 1980: "I'll Be with You Tonight" b/w "He's a Whore" & "So Good to See You" (UK)

Unreleased outtakes

 * "It Must Be Love" (This song was given to Rick Derringer who covered it on his 1979 album Guitars and Women)
 * "Next Position Please" (Features Robin, Rick, and Tom on vocals, later re-recorded for the 1983 album of the same name)
 * "See Me Now" ("Way of the World" with alternate lyrics)
 * "Way of the World" (with Rick Nielsen on vocals)
 * "I Know What I Want" (with Robin Zander on vocals)

Covers

 * Sam Kinison covered "Gonna Raise Hell" on his comedy album Leader of the Banned.

Cheap Trick

 * Robin Zander – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
 * Rick Nielsen – lead guitar, backing vocals, lead vocals (middle eight) on "Dream Police"
 * Tom Petersson – bass guitar, backing vocals, lead vocals on "I Know What I Want"
 * Bun E. Carlos – drums, percussion

Additional musicians

 * Jai Winding – organ, piano, keyboards, Synth
 * Steve Lukather – guitar on "Voices"

Technical

 * Tom Werman – producer
 * Gary Ladinsky, Mike Beiriger – engineers
 * Ken Adamany – assistant engineer
 * George Marino – mastering
 * Steve Dessau, Paula Scher – design
 * Reid Miles – photography

title: Dream Police


text:
Talk:Dream Police

Wrong Charts in the Wrong Country
It stands "The album reached #31 in the Sweden Charts. The linked website, hower says "Swiss charts"! "Swiss" is not Sweden, but Switzerland. A common misunderstanding that I accept, but next time, check which country you're talking about!

I'll change it to the right country to avoid more misunderstandings. -A3oertENG, 28 October 2008 12:14 (CET) —Preceding undated comment was added at 11:15, 28 October 2008 (UTC).

Variations

Was there any actual controversy beyond an excuse to link to a ridiculous conspiracy website? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.22.208.228 (talk) 12:38, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Dream Police


text:
User talk:Boox~enwiki

Why did you change the WikiThanks picture to a picture of a gay man administering oral sex?

If you vandalise anything else on wikipedia you will be blocked. Consider this a warning Gkhan 23:02, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * You were warned. Best of luck elsewhere.  Postdlf 19:54, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Boox. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Boox~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

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Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:44, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:Boox~enwiki


text:
Talk:Antipope Benedict XIV

Untitled
The last sentence does not make any sense to me. What is meant ?

 * I thought it was confusing, too, until I realized that there were two different antipopes called Benedict XIV. The sentence still contained an error, though. - Nat Krause 11:14, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, this is a hoax. Antipopes B. XV & B. XVI never existed. Yann 11:56, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, what is your evidence for this claim? - Nat Krause 13:30, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Two antipope Benedicts?
Is there any evidence for the second Benedict XIV? The standard sources (The Oxford Dictionary of Popes, The Catholic Encyclopedia, the Liber Pontificalis) are silent about him, the source seems to be a novel, and, most importantly, it makes no sense for a successor to style himself identically to the person he is succeeding. There were two Pope Benedict XIVs, one a pope and one an antipope, but I'm not buying the story about Carrier... Ansat (talk) 04:26, 25 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Read Britannica and this .--Yopie (talk) 22:45, 12 July 2010 (UTC)

Split article
It is highly irregular for an article to cover two different people just because they happen to share the same name. We need to devise disambiguated titles for two articles and separate each person into one article. Elizium23 (talk) 07:07, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

 * We could use their baptismal names as disambiguation:
 * Antipope Benedict XIV (Bernard Garnier)
 * Antipope Benedict XIV (Jean Carrier)
 * ...and this seems cleanest, because of unclear birth and death dates. Elizium23 (talk) 07:10, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Antipope Benedict XIV


text:
Palliser

Palliser may refer to:

People

 * Anthony Palliser (born 1949), British painter
 * Arthur Palliser (1890–1956), British Royal Navy admiral
 * Charles Palliser (born 1947), American-born, British-based novelist
 * Charles Palliser, brother of the founder of Palliser, Palliser & Company and a partner in the firm
 * George Palliser (born 1919), British Royal Air Force fighter pilot
 * George Palliser, founder of Palliser, Palliser & Company
 * Henry Palliser (1839–1907), British Royal Navy admiral
 * Hugh Palliser (1723–1796), British Royal Navy admiral and governor of Newfoundland
 * John Palliser (1817–1887), Irish explorer who surveyed the Canadian west
 * Michael Palliser (born 1922), former senior British diplomat
 * Richard Palliser (born 1981), British chess player
 * Úna Palliser, Irish-born musician
 * William Palliser (1830–1882), Irish-born politician and inventor, Member of Parliament

Canada

 * Palliser (Alberta electoral district)
 * Palliser (Saskatchewan electoral district)
 * Palliser, British Columbia, an old townsite
 * Palliser, Calgary, a neighbourhood in Calgary, Alberta
 * Palliser Formation, a geologic formation in the Rockies
 * Palliser Pass, a mountain pass in the Rockies
 * Palliser Range, a mountain range of the Canadian Rockies
 * Palliser Regional Park, Saskatchewan
 * Palliser River, British Columbia
 * Palliser Campus of the Saskatchewan Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Moose Jaw
 * Palliser's Triangle, a geographic region in southern Alberta and Saskatchewan

Oceania

 * Cape Palliser, a promontory on the southern coast of New Zealand's North Island
 * Palliser Bay, a bay near Cape Palliser, New Zealand
 * Palliser Islands, in the Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia

Military

 * Operation Palliser, a 2000 British military operation in Sierra Leone
 * HMS Palliser (F94), an anti-submarine frigate of the British Royal Navy
 * Palliser shot, a British artillery projectile

Other uses

 * Fairmont Palliser Hotel, Calgary, Alberta
 * Palliser baronets, a title in the baronetage of Great Britain
 * Palliser expedition (1857–1860), a survey expedition in the Canadian west led by John Palliser
 * Palliser Furniture, a Canadian furniture manufacturer
 * Palliser Health Region, governing body for healthcare regulation in Alberta
 * Palliser novels, by Anthony Trollope
 * Plantagenet Palliser, one of the lead characters in Trollope's novels
 * The Pallisers, a television adaptation of Trollope's novels

title: Palliser


text:
La Nigérienne

"La Nigérienne" ("The Nigerien") is the former national anthem of Niger. The lyrics are by Maurice Albert Thiriet; Robert Jacquet and Nicolas Abel François Frionnet wrote the music. It was adopted as Niger's anthem in 1961 and relinquished in 2023.

History
The anthem was written by French film composer Maurice Albert Thiriet. The music was composed by two other Frenchmen, Robert Jacquet and Nicolas Abel François Frionnet. It was adopted in 1961, a year after Niger gained independence from France.

On 21 November 2019, President Mahamadou Issoufou announced that he had decided to change the national anthem. The decision followed criticism that some of the lyrics appeared to express gratitude to the former coloniser, France, with Nigeriens on social media challenging lines three and four. A committee chaired by Prime Minister Brigi Rafini was "charged with reflecting on the current anthem by providing corrections" and "if possible find a new anthem that responds to the current context of Niger". Created in 2018, it was composed of several members of the Government and about fifteen "experts experienced in writing and musical composition". Assamana Malam Issa, the Minister of Cultural Renaissance, said a hymn must be found "that can galvanize the population, be for us a kind of war cry to touch our patriotic fiber".

On 22 June 2023 the National Assembly adopted The Honor of the Fatherland as Niger's new anthem.

Media

 * Vocal version (Recording from a radio station) Anthem finishes at 1:47

title: La Nigérienne


text: Category:Dead Kennedys

title: Category:Dead Kennedys