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Battle of Dumlupınar

The Battle of Dumlupınar (Μάχη του Τουμλού Μπουνάρ, Dumlupınar (Meydan) Muharebesi), or known as Field Battle of the Commander-in-Chief (Başkumandanlık Meydan Muharebesi) in Turkey, was one of the important battles in the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922) (part of the Turkish War of Independence). The battle was fought from 26 to 30 August 1922 near Dumlupınar, Kütahya in Turkey.

Background
Following the attrition battle on the Sakarya River (Battle of Sakarya) in August–September 1921, the Greek Army of Asia Minor under General Anastasios Papoulas retreated to a defensive line extending from the town of Izmit (ancient Nicomedia) to the towns of Eskişehir and Kara Hisâr-ı Sahib (present-day Afyonkarahisar). The Greek line formed a 700 km arc stretching in a north–south direction along difficult hilly ground with high hills, called tepes, rising out of broken terrain and was considered to be easily defensible. A single-track railway line ran from Kara Hisâr to Dumlupınar, a fortified valley town some 30 mi west of Kara Hisâr surrounded by the mountains Murat Dağı and Ahır Dağı, and thence to İzmir (ancient Smyrna) on the coast. This railway was the main supply route of the Greeks. The Greek headquarters at Smyrna was effectively incapable of communicating with the front or exercising operational control.

Preparations
Following the unsuccessful outcome of the Battle of Sakarya, the Greek command structure underwent many changes. Significant forces were withdrawn from the line and redeployed in Thrace for an offensive against Istanbul, which never materialised. The remaining Greek forces were under the overall command of Lieutenant General Georgios Hatzianestis, who had replaced General Papoulas in May 1922, and was widely regarded as mentally unstable. The morale of the Greek troops was low, as many had already been under arms for several years, and there was no prospect for a quick resolution of the war. Political dissent and the fact that they were occupying unfriendly territories further depressed their morale.

Despite pressure to attack building up at Ankara, Mustafa Kemal who had been appointed Commander-in-Chief of the TBMM government, waited and utilized the breathing space to strengthen his forces and split the Allies through adroit diplomatic moves, ensuring that French and Italian sympathies lay with the Turks rather than the Greeks. This isolated in terms of diplomacy the pro-Greek British.

He finally decided to strike the Greeks in August 1922. Knowing that Turkish forces were only adequate to mount one major offensive, he strengthened the Turkish First Army under "Sakallı" Nureddin Pasha, which was deployed against the southern flank of the Greek salient jutting out to Kara Hisâr. This was a gamble, because if the Greek Army counter-attacked on his weakened right flank and pivoted south, his forces would be cut off.

Greek forces

The Greek forces were organized in the "Army of Asia Minor", under Lieutenant General Georgios Hatzianestis, with a total of 220,000 men in 12 infantry and 1 cavalry division. The Army HQ was located in Smyrna. The Army of Asia Minor comprised three Corps (I, II and III), under Major General Nikolaos Trikoupis (I Corps in Kara Hisâr), Major General Kimon Digenis (II Corps in Gazligöl) and Major General Petros Soumilas (III Corps in Eskişehir). It also included an independent Cavalry division and smaller regiment-sized Military Commands, mainly for interior protection and anti-guerrilla operations. The total Greek front spanned for 713 km.

Each Greek corps had four divisions. Ι Corps consisted of the 1st, 4th, 5th and 12th divisions. II Corps consisted of the 2nd, 7th, 9th and 13th divisions. III Corps consisted of the 3rd, 10th, 11th and the "Independent" divisions. Each Greek division had 2–4 three-battalion regiments and 8–42 artillery pieces (artillery was redistributed between front-line and reserve divisions). Although numerically strong, the Greeks were very deficient on heavy artillery (only 40 outdated pieces existed in the entire front) and cavalry (one half-company per division).

Turkish forces
The Turkish forces were organized in the Western Front, under Mustafa Kemal Pasha, with a total of 208,000 men in 18 infantry and five cavalry divisions. For the purposes of the offensive, the Western Front HQ was located on Koca Tepe hill, some 15 km south of Kara Hisâr, very close to the battle lines. The Western Front consisted of the First Army under Mirliva Nureddin Pasha, based also on Koca Tepe hill, the Second Army under Mirliva Yakub Shevki Pasha (Subaşı) based in Doğlat, the Kocaeli Group under Colonel Halid Bey (Karsıalan), and the V Cavalry Corps under Mirliva Fahreddin Pasha (Altay).

For the purpose of the offensive, the Turkish command redistributed its forces, reinforcing the First Army. The First Army consisted of the I Corps (14th, 15th, 23rd, and 57th infantry divisions), the II Corps (3rd, 4th, and 7th infantry divisions), and the IV Corps (5th, 8th, 11th, and 12th infantry divisions). The Second Army consisted of the III Corps (Porsuk detachment (regiment) and 41st division), the VI Corps (16th and 17th infantry divisions plus one provisional cavalry division), and the independent 1st and 61st infantry divisions. The Kocaeli Group consisted of the 18th infantry division plus additional infantry and cavalry units. The V Cavalry Corps consisted of the 1st, 2nd, and 14th cavalry divisions. Each Turkish infantry division consisted of one assault infantry battalion, three three-battalion infantry regiments, and 12 artillery pieces, with an average total strength of 7,500 men.

Turkish plan

The Turkish plan was to launch converging attacks with the 1st and 2nd Armies against the Greek positions around Kara Hisâr. The First Army would attack northwards, on the Greek positions southwest of Kara Hisâr, held by the Greek A' Corps. The V Cavalry Corps would assist the First Army by infiltrating through less guarded Greek positions in Kirka valley, and coming behind the Greek front lines. The Second Army would attack westwards, on the Greek positions north of Kara Hisâr.

The first objective was to cut the Smyrna-Kara Hisâr and the Kara Hisâr-Eskişehir railroad lines, thus cutting off the Greek forces in and around Kara Hisâr from Smyrna and the C' Corps in Eskişehir. In a second phase the 1st and 2nd Armies would meet in the area south of Kütahya, closing a ring around the Greek forces in Kara Hisâr and completely encircling them.

Greek plan
The Greek high command had anticipated a major Turkish offensive, it was however uncertain of the exact direction it would come. The Greeks expected the Turkish attack to come either along the Ankara-Eskişehir railroad line or the Konya-Kara Hisâr railroad line. Unknown to them at the time, the railroad from Ankara, that the Greeks destroyed in summer 1921 during the withdrawal after the battle of Sakarya, was still not restored and was not operational. Following the withdrawal from the Sakarya, initially the Greek Corps' commands were disbanded, and the Asia Minor Army was organised into two groups, the North and South groups, each sufficiently strong to fight independently and repel any Turkish attack. Following the replacement of the Army's commander, and the coming of Lt. General Georgios Hatzianestis the Greek disposition changed. Hatzianestis re-established the three Corps commands. All three Corps controlled parts of the front, but in essence the B' corps operated as a general reserve, while the I (around Kara Hisâr) and III (around Eskisehir) Corps were mostly deployed on the front.

In the case of a Turkish offensive the II Corps would fall under the command of the sector which was attacked (either I Corps to the south or III Corps to the north). Hatzianestis, despite reports indicating the opposite, believed that the Greek front-lines were sufficiently strong to withstand any Turkish attack for enough time that the B' Corps would launch its own flanking counterattack, on the flanks of the attacking Turkish armies.

Prior to the Turkish offensive Greek intelligence had revealed the Turkish preparations, but it failed to estimate correctly the size of the Turkish formations and the exact date of the Turkish attack. When the Turkish attack opened Greek reinforcements were still underway to the front.

Turkish attack and breakthrough (26–27 August 1922)

The Turkish attack opened in the night of 25–26 August 1922, when the Turkish V Cavalry Corps passed through the Kirka gorge behind the Greek lines. The gorge was guarded by a patrolling Greek rifle company, which was easily overrun by the advancing Turkish cavalry. The Turkish cavalry proceeded to cut the Greek telegraph lines and the railway line (by 18:00 hours on 26 August both had been cut), thus seriously hampering communications between Smyrna and Kara Hisâr.

On the morning of 26 August the Turkish First and Second Armies attacked simultaneously. The Second Army's attack, following a powerful artillery barrage, took the Greeks by surprise and was able to take some front line positions of the 5th Greek division (of the Greek I Corps). Renewed Turkish attacks had little success. After being reinforced, the Greek 5th division carried limited counterattacks and restored its original front. The Second Army also attacked the positions of the III Corps keeping its forces pinned, thus preventing it from the reinforcing the II Corps.

The First Army's attack was preceded by a devastating and accurate artillery barrage. The much superior Turkish heavy artillery knocked out the light Greek batteries, and caused heavy casualties to the front-line Greek infantry battalions (some lost up to 50% of their strength during the artillery barrage alone due to inadequate trenches). The artillery barrage was followed by a general Turkish attack by 7 infantry divisions of the I and IV Corps, against 2 Greek divisions (1st and 4th). The situation for the Greek Ι Corps became almost immediately critical, as they faced overwhelming forces and soon all Corps' reserves were committed to battle. The Turkish attack was focused mainly on the seam of the Greek 1st and 4th divisions. By noon the Turkish I Corps had succeeded in carrying the Greek 1st division's trenches. The arrival as a reinforcement of the II Corps' 7th division in the afternoon prompted a Greek counterattack which was able to only partially restore the line.

The Greek Army HQ in Smyrna had no clear picture of the situation. In its order at 23:00 hours on 26 August to the I and II Corps the Army expressed the opinion that the Turks had still not revealed the main axis of their offensive. The Army proceeded with its original plan, by ordering the Greek II Corps to prepare for a counteroffensive on the Turkish right flank, while the I Corps would keep its positions. The counter-offensive was expected to be launched on 28 August. These orders directly conflicted with the orders that the I Corps had already issued to the II Corps, and subsequently the I Corps ordered the II Corps to stop any preparations for a counteroffensive and resume sending its forces south to reinforce the badly battered 1st and 4th divisions. Due to the broken communications, the Army HQ in Smyrna didn't receive the notifications of the I and II Corps and had the impression that things developed as it had ordered.

At 02:00 hours on 27 August (Day 2 of the Turkish offensive) Turkish artillery began its barrage again, and at 06:00 hours Turkish infantry resumed its attacks. The Turkish forces focused again on the seam of the Greek 1st and 4th divisions, and advancing steadily they managed by 09:00 hours to achieve a clear breakthrough in the Greek line when the Turkish IV Corps under Colonel Sami took the 5000 ft peak of Erkmentepe (38.74339°N, 30.47558°W). At 10:30 hours the Greek Ι Corps issued an order of general withdrawal some 20 km to the north of its original line, and the subsequent evacuation of Kara Hisâr. The order was not received by the Greek 1st division, whose telephone contact with the Ι Corps had been cut and couldn't establish wireless communication, and remained in position. By 13:30 hours its front was collapsing exposing the flank of the 4th division. The 1st division, together with the 7th division retreated without being seriously harassed by the Turks, and by 17:00 hours they had reached their new positions.

Greek retreat towards Dumlupınar and Alıören (27–29 August 1922)

The commander of the 1st Greek division, Major General Frangou, received contact with the I Corps at 18:30 hours, via messengers. However he was only informally informed, and received no written orders. Frangou ordered his forces (1st and 7th divisions and other smaller units, henceforth referred to as "Frangou Group") to withdraw towards Dumlupınar in the night from 27 to 28 August, assuming this was the plan of I Corps commander Major General Trikoupis. In fact Trikoupis had kept his forces (the biggest part of I and II Corps, henceforth referred as "Trikoupis Group") in position, allowing his men to rest in the night, and preparing for the withdrawal towards Dumlupınar in the next morning of 28 August (Day 3 of the Turkish offensive). The result of this confusion was that a gap opened in the Greek line between Frangou and Trikoupis Groups. The forces of Frangou Group marching in the night withdrew towards Dumlupınar, but in poor order, while desertions began.

The Army HQ in Smyrna was losing touch with the situation. In its orders at 17:30 hours on 27 August, it ordered the I Corps to counterattack and restore its original line, or if unable, to conduct a fighting withdrawal, while the II Corps would counterattack immediately towards Çobanlar (southeast of Kara Hisâr). Similarly the I Corps with no communication with Frangou Group was not aware that Frangou Group was moving on its own, and gave orders that did not correspond to the actual situation on the field. At 02:00 hours on 28 August the Army of Asia Minor HQ cancelled the previous orders for counterattack, and placed the II Corps as well as a division from the III Corps under the Ι Corps and Major General Trikoupis.

At 05:00 hours on 28 August Trikoupis Group began its movement to the west. Unaware of the absence of Frangou Group's units, the Greek 4th division's exposed column was attacked at 07:00 and taken by surprise, and subsequently broken. The Greek 9th division (so far uncommitted to battle), on its way to the west at about 07:00 trapped the Turkish 2nd Cavalry division (of the V Turkish Cavalry Corps), which tried to block the way to the west, and inflicted heavy casualties on it, including prisoners and artillery pieces. Subsequently, the 2nd Cavalry division was withdrawn from action and was put in reserve. The rest of Trikoupis Group (5th, 12th and 13th divisions) retreated to the west without problems. Trikoupis Group spent the night of 28–29 August around Olucak (38.93258°N, 30.22736°W).

At the same time the Frangou Group was under pressure by the incoming Turkish IV Corps. Frangou's units were deployed in line around Başkimse (38.86356°N, 30.20297°W). After repeated failed efforts to establish wireless communication with the Greek I Corps Frangou ordered his units to begin their withdrawal to Dumlupınar position at 16:00 hours. At 05:00 hours on 29 August all units of Frangou Group had reached the positions around Dumlupınar, in good order despite the pressure of the Turkish IV corps.

The battle of Hamurköy-İlbulak Dağ (29 August 1922)

During the night of 28–29 August the Turkish VI Corps (of the Second Army) had advanced to the west and reached the north of Trikoupis Group. The Turkish V Cavalry Corps and the First Army's units (I, II and IV Corps) advanced towards the Greek Frangou and Trikoupis Groups. The Turkish I Corps advanced towards Dumlupınar and made contact with the Greek Frangou Group, while the V Cavalry Corps and the IV Corps separated the Greek Trikoupis and Frangou Group. Trikoupis Group was effectively encircled.

Trikoupis Group began its movement westwards on the morning of 29 August. Progressively and unexpectedly Greek units started running into the units of the Turkish V and IV Corps. Trikoupis ordered his 9th division to attack and break the Turkish line, in order to open the way to Dumlupınar. Quickly the Greek 9th division found itself attacking against superior Turkish forces (the 4th Corps) and fell into defense. The Turkish forces attacked also of the eastern flank of Trikoupis Group where the Greek 12th position was. Trikoupis progressively committed the 5th and 4th divisions in the defense of his Group, while keeping the 13th division in reserve. The battle lasted all day on 29 August, with heavy casualties on both sides. Trikoupis Group had been unable to open the way to Dumupinar or establish communication with Frangou Group. The Turkish forces had similarly been unable to destroy the Trikoupis Group, despite having encircled it with their II, IV, V and VI Corps.

At 23:00 on 29 August, the badly battered Greek units of Trikoupis Group, disengaged and began marching towards Çalköy (38.92992°N, 30.06853°W), which was thought to be weakly held by Turkish forces. The Greek units had already lost much of their cohesion, and the night march aggravated the mixing of units. The Greek 5th division lost its way and lost contact with the Trikoupis Group.

The Frangou Group on 29 August held a 20 km front around Dumlupınar. Its position was attacked by the Turkish 1st Corps and the right flank was broken with little fight. In order to leave open a window of hope to the Trikoupis Group to retreat towards Dumlupınar, Frangou ordered his left flank to hold positions at any cost.

The battle of Alıören (30 August 1922)

In the morning of 30 August, after breaking the weak Turkish force blocking the way, the Trikoupis Group arrived in Çalköy, where after 07:00 it began taking fire from Turkish artillery. Turkish columns (the IV, V and VI Corps) were visible marching both south and north of Trikoupis Group. Trikoupis made a council with the commanders of his divisions, who proposed that the Group continue its westward march through Alıören (38.94639°N, 29.99925°W) to Banaz. Trikoupis rejected this opinion, and ordered his forces to continue south to Dumlupınar.

At 11:00 hours Trikoupis received the reports from his units, which indicated that the combatant strength of Trikoupis Group was reduced to 7,000 infantry, 80 cavalry and 116 artillery pieces. An additional 10,000–15,000 men were completely disorganised and largely unarmed. Food supplies had already been completely exhausted and ammunition stocks were very low.

After receiving the reports from his subordinate units Trikoupis, realising that his forces were insufficient to withstand a Turkish attack, changed his mind and ordered continuation of the march to Alıören and then Banaz. Even though the road to Alıören was open, Trikoupis had lost invaluable time before ordering the continuation of the march to the west. The Turkish forces had covered much of the northern and southern flank of Trikoupis Group.

At 13:30 hours the marching Greek column found the road to Alıören blocked by Turkish cavalry of the 14th Turkish Cavalry division. Trikoupis ordered his forces to attack and break the Turkish force. A Greek regiment pushed the Turkish cavalry back but new Turkish reinforcements arrived. It became evident that Trikoupis Group could not avoid a general engagement. Trikoupis ordered his divisions to deploy and defend until darkness arrived, when the march would resume.

By 16:00 hours, the Turkish artillery became particularly effective, inflicting heavy casualties to the densely concentrated Greek forces. The Turkish IV Corps exercised heavy pressure from the east and south while the VI Corps attacked from the north. The situation for the Greek units became critical. At dusk the Greek western flank was broken. Large numbers of non-combatants fled to the west. At 20:30 Trikoupis ordered the remnants of his Group to resume the march to the west. All heavy wagons, field artillery and wounded men unable to march were abandoned. Over 2,000 killed Greeks were counted by the Turks the next day in the battlefield, not counting the wounded who died later as a result of their severe wounds. The Trikoupis Group had greatly disintegrated. Its men were completely exhausted, and many were collapsing. Finally Kütahya was captured in this evening.

Trikoupis Group was divided in three columns which tried to march to the west. A column of 2,000 men (mainly from the Greek 12th division) surrendered at 20:00 hours on 1 September to Turkish cavalry units. Trikoupis' column, together with 5,000–6,000 of his men eventually surrendered to the Turkish forces at 17:00 hours on 2 September. A column of 5,000 men managed to escape the Turkish ring, but had lost any combat value. Trikoupis and General Digenis (CO of II Corps) were led to Mustafa Kemal, who informed Trikoupis that he had been appointed as commander-in-chief of the Greek Army in Asia Minor, an episode highlighting the level of confusion in the Greek command.

On 30 August, Frangou Group was also attacked, by the Turkish I Corps. Frangou Group held its positions all day, but at 23:30 its left flank was breached. Frangou ordered his forces to retreat towards Banaz. Thus the battle for Dumlupınar came to an end, and the Greeks began a fighting retreat west, which did not end until they left Asia Minor.

Outcome

The end of the battle of Dumlupınar spelt the beginning of the end for the Greek presence in Anatolia. Trikoupis Group, with some 34 infantry battalions and 130 artillery pieces was destroyed as an effective fighting force. The remaining Frangou Group was too weak to hold against the Turkish onslaught. Greek losses were heavy; by 7 September, the Greek Army had suffered 50,000 casualties (35,000 killed and wounded and 15,000 captured). Greek material losses were also heavy. Turkish losses were lower. Between 26 August and 9 September, the Turkish army sustained 13,476 casualties (2,318 killed, 9,360 wounded, 1,697 missing and 101 captured). In two weeks (26 August 1922 – 9 September 1922) the Turkish army re-captured all the territories which the Greek army had invaded since May 1919. The Turks chased the fleeing Greeks 250 mi to Smyrna, which was later abandoned by the Greek soldiers. During this period the Greek Army numbered 300,000 men with an additional 100,000 in reserve. According to the Greek Directorate of Army History, during the Greco-Turkish War, the Greek army suffered ~101,000 casualties (24,240 killed 48,880 wounded, 18,095 missing and 10,000 captured) out of a 200,000 –250,000-men-strong army   stationed in Anatolia. Other sources put the total number of casualties even higher at 120,000–130,000. By 1921 the war in Anatolia had cost Greece a sum equivalent to $100,000,000 at the rate of exchange in 1921. Turkish casualties numbered 13,000 killed (additionally about 24,000 died of disease during and after the war) and 35,000 wounded for the whole Turkish War of Independence.

The last Greek troops left Anatolia on 18 September. The Armistice of Mudanya was signed by Turkey, Italy, France and Great Britain on 11 October 1922. Greece was forced to accede to it on 14 October. To commemorate this victory, 30 August (also liberation day of Kütahya) is celebrated as Victory Day (Zafer Bayramı), a national holiday in Turkey.

Graves
Through research conducted using geophysical ground radar, 304 new graves belonging to the participants of the battle were found in 2022.

title: Battle of Dumlupınar


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Talk:Scout troopers

Did a major overhaul of this page. Took a while, but it was worth it. :) --Kross 04:23, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

From Scout Troopers, pre-merge
The scout troopers are a specilalized variation on the standard Imperial Stormtrooper. They are equipped with smaller pieces of a armor that fit over the typical black body glove. These smaller pieces allow them a greater and more agile range of movement than standard stormtroopers, as do their helmits which featured a polarized lense. Scout troops are typically deployed to fronts where their specialization as scouts, snipers, and spies is required.

--Christopherlin 20:30, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

The Rebel Alliance won the Battle of Endor.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Scout troopers


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Johan Gielen

Johan Gielen (born 23 February 1968 in Mol, Belgium ) is a trance musician, DJ, and remixer.

Early years
Johan started DJing at the age of 17 in his home country of Belgium, and during the latest 15 years has built up an international fame spinning as a DJ in Japan, Australia, Germany, Spain, Netherlands, Belgium, England, Northern Ireland, Israel, North Cyprus and now also as resident DJ at Club Gorgeous in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Besides DJing, Johan is a trance producer working with partner Sven Maes. Johan and Sven are behind European smash hits from Airscape, Balearic Bill, Des Mitchell, Abnea, Svenson & Gielen. Furthermore, they are well known for their remixing skills which can be heard on productions by Chicane, Delerium, Vengaboys, Tiësto, Scooter, Boy George a.o. They have proven that they are also capable of creating commercial dance hits, after finishing a single for Alice DeeJay. He also partnered with Oliver Adams to form Blue Bamboo, which scored an international hit with "ABC & D", in 1994.

After nearly two years of warming up the Saturday night party people by broadcasting his weekly radio show "Lift Off" on ID&T, he decided to leave the station in favor of Fresh FM where he hosts a weekly show called "In Session" every Saturday from 21:00 to 23:00 CET.

In 2005 Gielen was rated along with dozens of other internationally known DJs. At that time Gielen was placed at number 57 (in the world).

Albums (solo)

 * 2006 Revelations
 * 2009 Tech Liberty (as DJ Don with DJ Stay Puft) [Faada]
 * 2010 Now And Then (as Airscape) [Black Hole Recordings]

Singles (solo)

 * 1998 'Keep Pumpin' It Up' (as DJ Don, with The Party Zone) [Dance Opera]
 * 2000 'Velvet Moods' (with Abnea) [Big Star Records]
 * 2000 'We Move Like Shadows' [Telica/Big Star Records]
 * 2005 'Flash/Dreamchild' [Tunes for You/Maximal Recordings]
 * 2005 'For You' [Moist]
 * 2005 'Show Me What You Got' [Tunes for You]
 * 2006 'Physical Overdrive' [Tunes for You]
 * 2007 'Revelations' [Tunes for You]
 * 2007 'Magnitude' [Tunes for You]
 * 2007 'Okinawa Sunset' [Tunes for You/Maelstrom]
 * 2008 'Live It Up 2008' (Johan Gielen vs. Time Bandits) [VISCO Productions]
 * 2009 'My Love' feat. JES (as Airscape) [Tunes for You]
 * 2009 'Repeat The Music' [Magik Muzik]
 * 2010 'These Are My People' [Magik Muzik]
 * 2010 'I'm Lonely' (Johan Gielen pres. Hollis P. Monroe) [Magik Muzik]
 * 2010 'Skyscraper/Mirage' (Johan Gielen vs. Tetsuya) [Black Hole Recordings]
 * 2010 'Jonko' [Magik Muzik]
 * 2019 'Say My Name' [High Contrast Recordings]

Compilations

 * 2000 Academy of Trance, Vol. 1[Big Star Records]
 * 2000 In Trance We Trust 004 [In Trance We Trust/Black Hole]
 * 2001 The Trance Years [Antler-Subway]
 * 2002 Recorded 2 [ID&T]
 * 2003 Recorded 3 [Universal Music TV]
 * 2003 Trance Energy 2003 – The 10th Anniversary Edition [ID&T]
 * 2007 In Trance We Trust 12 [In Trance We Trust/Black Hole]
 * 2008 Techno Club, Vol. 25 [Klubbstyle Media]
 * 2009 Private Party [Black Hole Recordings]
 * 2015 Trance Classics, Vol. 1 (Mixed By Johan Gielen) [High Contrast Recordings]
 * 2016 Trance Classics, Vol. 2 (Mixed By Johan Gielen) [High Contrast Recordings]
 * 2016 Trance Classics, Vol. 3 (Mixed By Johan Gielen) [High Contrast Recordings]

Remixes

 * 1992 Transformer 2 – 'Pacific Symphony 2' (as Supercali) [Profile]
 * 1993 Airscape – 'Cruising' (with Chris Inger) [Save the Vinyl]
 * 1994 Dirty Harry – 'D'Bop Don't Stop' (as Don Joan) [Scorpio Music]
 * 1995 Proyecto Uno – 'El Tiburon' (with Peter Ramson) [Freaky Records]
 * 1995 Michèle – 'I Can Feel' (as Don Joan) [BMG]
 * 1995 A.D.A.M ft. Amy – 'Memories and Dreams'(with Olliver Adams) [Eternal]
 * 1995 A.D.A.M – 'Zombie' (with Olliver Adams) [Eternal]
 * 1995 Full Option – 'Rave All Night' (as Don Joan) [PolyGram]
 * 1995 U-Matic – 'Cyberspace' (as DJ Don) [Koch International]
 * 1996 Pleasure Deluxe – '99 Red Balloons' (with Olliver Adams) [Eternal]
 * 1996 Chris Rea – 'Girl In A Sports Car' [EastWest]
 * 1996 Body Heat – 'Waves Of Life' (Don Joan's Energy Edit) [Avex Trax]
 * 1998 Southside Spinners – 'Luvstruck' [District]
 * 1999 The Venga Boys – Kiss [Avex Trax]
 * 2000 Svenson & Gielen – 'The Beauty of Silence' [Insolent]
 * 2002 Svenson & Gielen – 'Answer the Question' [ID&T]
 * 2002 Svenson & Gielen – 'We Know What You Did...' [ID&T]
 * 2002 DJ Shog – 'The 2nd Dimension' [Logport Records]
 * 2002 Sensation – 'The Anthem 2002' [ID&T]
 * 2004 Airscape – 'Sosei' [ID&T]
 * 2004 Reeloop – 'Kamistad' [Headline]
 * 2004 Dublex Inc. – 'Nifty Night' [Pulver Records]
 * 2006 Dave202 – 'Inside Outside' [Muve Recordings]
 * 2008 Phunk Investigation – 'Your Love' [Net's Work International]
 * 2008 Per Hammar – 'Volta' (as DJ Don) [Playectra]
 * 2009 Nils Van Zandt vs. Sergio Silvano ft. Chaquilo MC – 'The Beat Don't Stop' (as DJ Don) [BIP]
 * 2009 Airscape ft. JES – 'My Love' [ID&T]
 * 2009 Trio Infernal – 'In These Dreams' [Absolutely Records]
 * 2009 Phunk Investigation – 'Shuri Shuri' [Avanti]
 * 2010 Airscape – 'Cruising 2010' (Johan Gielen & Cor Fijneman Mix) [Black Hole Recordings]
 * 2010 Johan Gielen pres. Hollis P. Monroe – 'I'm Lonely' (Johan Gielen & Cor Fijneman Main Mix) [Magik Muzik]
 * 2010 Lost Stories presents Prayag & Rishab – 'Ashna' [Songbird]
 * 2010 Ad Brown And Matt Lange Feat. Kerry Leva – 'As The Rain Falls' [Songbird]
 * 2010 Loverush UK! feat. Shelley Harland – 'Different World 2010' (Johan Gielen & Cor Fijneman Remix) [Sea to Sun/Loverush Digital]
 * 2011 Lost Stories – 'The Purple Cow' [Black Hole Recordings]

title: Johan Gielen


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Franco-Ténois

Franco-Ténois, originating from the acronym TNO, the French term for the Northwest Territories of Canada (Territoires du Nord-Ouest), refers to the widespread community of francophones who reside in the Northwest Territories.

History
Francophones have a long history in the region. The first person of European descent to reach the Great Slave Lake was a francophone, Laurent Leroux. In 1786, Leroux built the trading post Fort Resolution and in 1790 he founded the original Fort Providence, 20 km from the modern-day city of Yellowknife. At the time the Northwest Territories were brought under the jurisdiction of the Government of Canada, 47% of the non-native population spoke French. French permeated every aspect of life in the Territories, from commerce to education. However, in 1892, the Northwest Territories (which at the time covered the Canadian Prairies west of Southern Manitoba) abolished French as an official language. In 1984, its status as an official languages was restored in the Canadian territories.

French in the Northwest Territories
As of the 2006 census, only 440 residents of the Territories, representing 1.1% of the overall population, use French as their home language. The francophone population in the Territories is very mobile, with many residents coming from more settled Francophone communities across the country and eventually leaving to settle elsewhere. While current figures show the average stay of francophones in the region is increasing, the trend towards outward migration continues. The Franco-Ténois also deal with substantial pressures to assimilate, brought on by the isolation of Northwest Territories communities and the existence of a plurality of languages and cultures there among which English takes precedence.

French is currently one of eleven official languages in the Northwest Territories, along with Chipewyan, Cree, English, Gwichʼin, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ.

In 1984, the Canadian Government, pursuant to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, introduced a bill in the House of Commons, Bill C-26, which would have made the Territories officially bilingual in French and English. The government of the Northwest Territories strongly objected to the proposed bill and the federal government subsequently dropped the measure. The government of the Northwest Territories then adopted an Official Languages Act in the same year that recognized eight official provincial languages, Inuktitut (which includes Inuvialuktun and Inuinnaqtun), Awokanak or Slavey, Dogrib, Chipewyan, Cree, Gwichʼin, English and French. The government of the Northwest Territories agreed to provide services in French under the condition that the federal government absorb the cost and fund the development of Native communities.

In March 1999, a Forum on French in the Northwest Territories exposed a widespread lack of government services in French. In 2000, the Franco-Ténois Federation, the weekly French newspaper l'Aquilon and five other parties sued the government of the Northwest Territories and the Government of Canada for not adequately applying the Official Languages Act and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Community
The Franco-Ténois Federation (Fédération franco-ténoise) is the primary representative body for the Franco-Ténois community. A network of local organizations were created across the Territories in 1988 to band together isolated pockets of francophone settlement. Other than in Yellowknife, where the largest francophone population resides, local organizations exist in other areas of francophone settlement such as Inuvik, Hay River and Fort Smith. Initially, many of the local associations were created for the simple purpose of obtaining Radio-Canada radio and television broadcasts. The creation of the separate territory of Nunavut has cut off some francophone communities in the new territory from the larger base in the west.

The Franco-Ténois community is served by a weekly French language newspaper, l'Aquilon, which celebrated its 20th anniversary in January 2006. The community is also served with French language radio stations in major communities, and many cultural events across the territories. The francophone theatre troupe, Les pas frette aux yeux, is well known throughout the territories.

Yellowknife is served by CIVR-FM 103.5, a community radio station; and VF2136 97.3 FM, a local Ici Radio-Canada Première repeater owned by L'Association Franco-Culturelle de Yellowknife. Ici Radio-Canada Télé broadcasts in Yellowknife and Hay River through locally owned repeaters.

Education
In 1988, a group of francophone parents in Yellowknife called for the creation of a French first-language education program. The government of the Northwest Territories asserted that the immersion program already in place was more than adequate. The group of parents sued the government, forcing the creation of the first French language program in 1989, with an initial class of nine children. Similar measures followed in Hay River and elsewhere across the Territories. A French school board was created in Yellowknife in 2000.

The Franco-Ténois flag
The Franco-Ténois flag was created in 1992. It features a sky blue background, representative of la Francophonie, with a curve separating the sky blue from a field of white in the bottom portion of the flag. A polar bear posed passant regardant is perched upon the curve, meant to resemble a snowy hill (in an image reminiscent of the official logo of the Government of the Northwest Territories). The curve itself represents the 60th parallel, above which the Territories are located. The bear looks up at a symbol in the upper right corner of the flag, composed of half a fleur-de-lys (left half) and half a snowflake (right half). This is meant to represent the francophone community and its northern roots in the climate of the Territories.

title: Franco-Ténois


text:
George Bacovia

George Bacovia (the pen name of Gheorghe Vasiliu ; 17 September 1881 – 22 May 1957) was a Romanian symbolist poet. While he initially belonged to the local Symbolist movement, launched as a poet by Alexandru Macedonski with the poem and poetry collection Plumb (poetry collection) ("Lead"), his poetry came to be seen as a precursor of Romanian Modernism and eventually established him in critical esteem alongside Lucian Blaga, Tudor Arghezi, Ion Pillat, Ion Barbu, and Octavian Goga as one of the most important interwar Romanian poets. In the 1950s, he wrote the poem "Cogito", which is his poetical testament.

Childhood
Bacovia was born Gheorghe Vasiliu in Bacău, the son of a merchant, Dimitrie Vasiliu, and his wife Zoe "Zoița" Vasiliu (born Langa). At only six years of age he began his study of German. Between 1889 and 1890 he started his schooling at an academy in Bacău, before registering in 1891 at the "Domnească" Primary School in the same city. In June 1893, he finished his primary schooling and afterward began studies at the Ferdinand Gymnasium, also in Bacău. One autumn night, an oversight by the sexton led to his being locked overnight in the tower of the Precista church, an experience which would later inspire his first major poem, 1899's Amurg violet (Purple Twilight). He exhibited a talent for drawing and developed into an excellent violinist in the school orchestra, which he directed. He also distinguished himself in gymnastics.

In 1899, he received the national first prize in the contest "Tinerimii române" for "artistic drawings of nature". His poem Și toate – written a year earlier under the name of "V. George" – was published in the magazine Literatorul on 30 March, launching his literary career.

Studies
In 1900, Bacovia matriculated at the Military Academy in Iași, but dropped out during his second semester, unable to bear military discipline. In 1901 he began studies at the Liceul Ferdinand in Bacău, from which he graduated in 1903. He wrote the poem Liceu (High School) in response to a Ministry of Education questionnaire sent to graduates in the course of Spiru Haret's educational reforms. He matriculated at the Faculty of Law in Bucharest and soon became a fixture in the city's literary life; an early reading of his poem Plumb (Lead) at Alexandru Macedonski's salon produced a powerful impression.

He continued reading his poems at Macedonski's salon, and in 1904 his Nervi de toamnă (Autumn nerves) obtained the same success. Helped by his growing reputation, he gained a position at the review Arta de la Iași and was able to stop his law studies. After two years in Bucharest with his brother Eugen, he returned to Bacău before matriculating at the University of Iași's Faculty of Law; despite his previous studies in Bucharest, he started as a first-year student. Until 1909 he remained in Iași, assisting I. M. Rascu with his review Versuri, later Versuri și proză. Between 1909 and 1910 he came to Iași for examinations but lived in Bacău; on obtaining his law degree in 1911, he qualified for the bar in Bacău, but despite paying dues for ten years, never practiced law. Instead, he spent his time working with Constantin Al. Ionescu-Caion on the Românul Literar, with other figures on Flacăra, working as a copyist at the Prefecture, and helping at the Prefectural accounting office. In 1913–1914, his health deteriorated and he was eventually forced to relinquish his post.

Between the wars
In 1914, Bacovia was interned at the sanitorium of Dr. Mărgăritescu in Bucharest, from where he published poems in the literary supplement of the newspaper Seara and sent Plumb out for publication. In 1915, after leaving Bucharest, he became co-editor of the review Orizonturi noi and continued to publish poetry, prose and book reviews under a multitude of pseudonyms. He rekindled his friendship with Macedonski.

In 1916, he became a secretary at the Directory of Secondary and Superior Education in the Ministry of Instruction, and was in Bucharest when Plumb first appeared in July. In August, Romania entered World War I on the side of the Allies. In October, the vagaries of war forced him to flee the threatened Bucharest to Iași with the archives of his department.

Bacovia returned to Bucharest in 1917, resuming his post as a functionary. In 1920, he became a Chief of Office, Third Class, in the Ministry of Labor; in 1921 he was promoted to Chief of Office, First Class in the same ministry. However, he immediately fell ill with a lung condition and was forced to resign before returning, a year later, to Bacău.

In 1924, the second edition of Plumb was published in Râmnicu Sărat. Meanwhile, Bacovia found work as a teacher of drawing and calligraphy at the Boys' Commercial School in Bacău. By 1925, however, he had become the primary director of the review Ateneu cultural, and published his book of poetry Scântei galbene (Yellow sparks) at his own expense. In the same year Bucăți de noapte (Night fragments) appeared in an edition edited by the poet Agatha Grigorescu. In 1926 he returned to the Boys' Commercial School and continued to teach drawing and calligraphy.

In 1928, Bacovia married Agatha Grigorescu, editor of Bucăți de noapte, and settled in Bucharest, where his wife was a teacher. In 1929, he republished Plumb and Scântei galbene in a single edition, entitled Poezii and produced by Editura Ancora; soon after, the dormant review Orizonturi noi resumed publication under his direction. He gained a post as an inspector at the Ministry of Popular Education, but after the publication of his collection Cu voi (With you), he returned with his wife to Bacău, where he spent three years unemployed. In 1931, Agatha gave birth to Bacovia's only son, Gabriel; in 1932, the Romanian Society of Writers approved a monthly pension of 1,000 lei.

The family returned to Bucharest permanently in 1933, never to move away again. In 1934, Bacovia published an anthology of his poems entitled Poezii; in 1940, his pension increased to 2,000 lei per month. He then founded the House of Pensions for Writers, from which he subsequently drew a 10,000 lei monthly pension. In 1944 his Opere (Works) appeared, a collection including all of his previously published works.

After the war
In 1945 Bacovia was named librarian of the Ministry of Mines and Oil. He continued to write, and in 1946 published the volume Stanțe burgheze (literally translated into English Bourgeois Stanzas), which led to his hiring by the Ministry of the Arts. In 1956 he published his final volume of Poezii before dying on the afternoon of 22 May 1957 in his Bucharest residence.

Critical reception
Literary critics initially classified Bacovia as a Symbolist, but later criticism has argued that he transcended his milieu to form a part of modern Romanian poetry. Even if his first volume of poetry, Plumb (1916), was heavily marked by the influence of the Symbolists, his subsequent volumes, such as Scântei galbene, show his discovery of a more modern poetic concept, closer to the prose-poem than to the classic verse forms of the 19th century. Interwar critics saw in Bacovia either a Neosymbolist (George Călinescu) or a minor poet with insufficient material (Eugen Lovinescu). Just after World War II, however, Bacovia's poetry began to be linked to newer currents of thought, being linked with and compared to the theatre of the absurd (Mihail Petroveanu), poetic modernism, surrealism, automatic writing, imagism, expressionism, and even philosophic movements like existentialism (Ion Caraion). Bacovia thus succeeded in becoming recognized as one of the most important Romanian poets, an author who executed a vast canonical leap from minor poet to enduring classic of Romanian literature.

Gymnasiums in Bacău and Bucharest bear his name. Streets are named after him in Bacău, Brașov, Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, and Voluntari. The house in Bucharest where the poet lived between 1933 and 1957 (located at 63, George Bacovia Street) is now a memorial house.

Selected critical bibliography

 * Agatha Grigorescu-Bacovia, Bacovia (viața poetului), Bucharest, Editura pentru Literatură, 1962.
 * Mihail Petroveanu, George Bacovia, Bucharest, Editura pentru Literatură, 1969.
 * Gheorghe Grigurcu, Bacovia, un antisentimental, Bucharest, Editura Albatros, 1974.
 * Ion Caraion, Bacovia. Sfârșitul continuu, Bucharest, Editura Eminescu, 1975; Second Edition, Bucharest, Editura Cartea Românească, 1979.
 * Dinu Flamând, Introducere în opera lui G. Bacovia, Bucharest, Editura Minerva, 1979.
 * Daniel Dimitriu, Bacovia, Iași, Editura Junimea, 1981.
 * Alexandra Indrieș, Alternative bacoviene, Bucharest, Editura Minerva, 1984.
 * Mircea Scarlat, George Bacovia – nuanțări, Bucharest, Editura Cartea Românească, 1987.
 * Vasile Fanache, Bacovia. Ruptura de utopia romantică, Cluj, Editura Dacia, 1994 (reed. 2000).
 * Radu Petrescu, G. Bacovia, Pitești, Editura Paralela 45, 1999 (reed. 2002).
 * Ion Bogdan Lefter, Bacovia – un model al tranziției, Pitești, Editura Paralela 45, 2001.
 * Constantin Trandafir, Poezia lui Bacovia, Bucharest, Saeculum, 2001.
 * Mihai Cimpoi, Secolul Bacovia, Bucharest, Editura Fundației Culturale Ideea Europeană, 2005.
 * Dicționarul scriitorilor români, coordonatori Mircea Zaciu, Marian Papahagi, Aurel Sasu, A-C, Bucharest, Editura Fundației Culturale Române, 1995.
 * Dicționarul esențial al scriitorilor români, Bucharest, Editura Albatros, 2000.
 * Dicționarul general al literaturii române, coordinator general Eugen Simion, A-B, Bucharest, Editura Univers Enciclopedic, 2004.

title: George Bacovia


text:
File talk:Saved! movie poster.jpg

 * Something about this doesn't seem right to me. I've seen the DVD cover before, and this isn't quite it. -Joshuapaquin 03:54, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Some movie has more than one type of poster. I've seen this Saved! poster in cinemas here. --*drew 04:25, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: File talk:Saved! movie poster.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/FunnelWeb

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was refer to copyvio. Tony Sidaway|Talk 14:22, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

FunnelWeb
Currently tagged as. Nothing notable that describes this software other than an extract from its web site. Zzyzx11 | Talk 04:28, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC) ''This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.''
 * Tagged as copyvio now. Also, the software is rather non-notable, so I'd vote for delete and replace with redirect to the funnelweb spider. Radiant_* 13:46, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)


text:
48May

48May was a New Zealand pop rock group. The band consisted of Jon Austin, who went by the nickname 'Blackbeard' (vocals, guitar), Hook Stowers, who went by the nickname 'CaptainHook' (guitar, vocals), Stan Bicknell (drums, vocals) and Shannon Brown (bass, vocals). Hook and Jon went to Hamilton Boys' High School together, while Stowers in the year above, was the lead singer in the band The Grinners (previously called Lyon), while Shannon Brown is well known on the New Zealand music circuit for his roles in bands such as Tadpole.

The name "48May" came from their residence during university; at 48 May Street, in Hamilton. They achieved success within New Zealand including a place on the New Zealand leg of the 2005 Big Day Out and Edgefest05 tour, their first record (The Mad Love) going Gold in NZ, and their second record (Streetlights and Shadows) being released in Japan by Triple Vision followed by 48May touring through Japan with Four Year Strong and Every Avenue in support of the release. They also performed as support act for Alien Ant Farm, Simple Plan, Panic! at the Disco, and Steriogram, among others. They were also huge fans of famous pirates such as Blackbeard and Captain Hook.

48May split due to all members going their separate ways. Jon is now working in advertising in Sydney, married with a son; CaptainHook was Head Engineer at York Street Studio in Auckland, before moving to Melbourne to be Product Manager of Imaging Technology at Blackmagic Design; Stan is living in Tauranga; and, in 2010, Shannon studied at the University of Waikato, majoring in English and Theatre Studies. Shannon began a teaching career at Hamilton Boys' High School as head of drama in 2013. He is now the senior curriculum leader of drama at Rototuna High School.

Band members

 * Blackbeard a.k.a. Jonathan Austin Ho (vocals, guitar) (2004–2008)
 * CaptainHook a.k.a. Hook Stowers (guitar, vocals) (2004–2008)
 * Shannon Brown a.k.a. Adam Shannon Brown (bass, vocals) (2004–2008)
 * Stan Bicknell a.k.a. Daniel Bicknell (drums, vocals) (2007–2008)
 * Jarod Brown a.k.a. Daniel Jarod Brown (vocals, drums) (2004–2007)

Juice TV Music Awards

 * Best Indie Video ("Fightback") 2003
 * Song of the Year ("Home by 2"): 2005
 * ZM People's Choice Video ("Come Back Down") 2004
 * Telecom Top Video ("Car Crash Weather") 2008

title: 48May


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Futuristics

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was '''redirect. — Xezbeth 07:26, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

Futuristics
Currently tagged as. One sentence reads, Futuristics is relatively a recent subject and not very much developed. Zzyzx11 | Talk 04:30, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect (nothing to merge) to Future studies —Wahoofive | Talk 06:09, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Future studies. Megan1967 07:39, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Edizione-Pennino

On 28 Mar 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. See Votes for deletion/Edizione-Pennino

title: Talk:Edizione-Pennino


text: User talk:24.90.52.97

title: User talk:24.90.52.97


text:
List of airports in the Greater Toronto Area

As of May 2024, the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) contains seven airports, eight heliports, and one water aerodrome. These aviation facilities are situated within and around Toronto and its neighbouring cities, serving airline passengers, regional air travel and commercial cargo transportation. Toronto Pearson International Airport, located mainly in Mississauga, is the busiest airport in Canada and hosts international travel with various airlines. Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport on the Toronto Islands is a regional airport, providing regular services to United States destinations. John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport in Hamilton is a base for low-cost carriers that fly domestic and transatlantic routes. Pearson, Bishop, and Hamilton combined served over 53 million passengers in 2018, making Toronto the world's 31st busiest city airport system in the world.

Heliports and water aerodromes are mostly for private use only, mainly by institutions and medical services.

Proposed airports
There is a proposal to develop a new Pickering Airport northeast of the city, to complement Pearson. Versions of these tentative plans have been in existence since the early 1970s, and land for this proposed airport was expropriated by government authorities in 1972. However, continued and vociferous local opposition to the Pickering airport scheme has meant that forty years later, the airport had not moved beyond the discussion phase. In June 2013, the federal government announced the revival of the airport, but development is not expected to take place until 2027 to 2037.

Historical airports
The following airports once served the area but have since been closed:


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gonzo Films

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 19:48, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

Gonzo Films
Currently tagged as. It says that this film production company's first feature-length project, KINGDOM ANIMALIA, will be released in mid-to-late Summer 2005. The comment on its talk page says that this is probably a hoax. Zzyzx11 | Talk 04:35, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Hoax or speculation.  RickK 06:50, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * My theory is that they are "aspiring" amateurs. Delete anyway. Kappa 08:55, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. verifiability. Mikkalai 02:18, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:66.169.113.169

title: User talk:66.169.113.169


text:
User:Last1in

''Kevin/Last1in is on a break for a while. Wikipedia is dear to me; I get too involved and it's not healthy. When I get into editing, it is actively painful to watch decisions made and supported by experienced editors that are simply anathema to the early ideals of this amazing resource.''

Welcome to my vanity page! I'm whatever Outlook tells me to be on any given day (today was Product Owner) living in Florida. I am an unrepentant grammar freak and a hopeless technophile -- I have more phone numbers and e-mail addresses than many small companies.
 * Update: I find the following anachronism amusing. I have more phone numbers and e-mail addresses than many small companies. - 15 April 2005. Roughly seven years later and I'm a e-mail-address piker compared to my teenage relations, and they are dumbfounded that anyone, ever, used more than a Google Voice number.
 * Update: Dear Dog, how the world has changed. 2019 and neither of the previous comments can be accurately translated into current meanings.

IMHO, Wikipedia is the perfect blend of Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy and Encyclopedia Galactica and I feel it may be the single greatest achievement (so far) in the Internet Age.

Tags
Here are some tags you are likely to see in my talk or Vfd posts:

"Tag Bombing": WP:TAGBOMB. This is the most scurrilous plague to attack the corpus of Wikipedia since the Jesus Wars. If you don't agree with something, edit the bleeping article! If you lose, adding [Citation Needed] to every bleeping sentence should get you banned for life. [Some years later, adding 'and for all future incarnations as well'.] Honestly.

WP:TAGBOMB &

Not Wikifiable: nn & nv - Not Wikifiable: nn & nv

NPOV - NPOV

advocacy - advocacy

verifiability - verifiability

citation, please - citation, please

prove it - prove it

reliable - reliable

take it outside - take it outside

Wikinfinity - Wikinfinity

uncensored - uncensored

WP:OSE WP:BOLD

IMHO
I think everyone has a set of precepts and prejudices that shape their actions, and (if they are both honest and intelligent, in other words a "flip-flopper") those "inner rules" evolve over time. Here are a few of my Wiki-related opinions. Yeah, I know that each is heretical in Wiki, but these are my opinions. That does not mean that I cannot work objectively within the policies and guidelines of this community, only that I would prefer to see the community evolve. And yeah, I'll probably change them as I get more experience, looking back and thinking, did I ever really believe that nonsense?

Universality
Importance tests are antithetical to the core concept of Wiki. Applying these tests will, by definition, apply an irreversible POV to the entire project. When we, the readers and editors of Wikipedia, start to cull things that we have never heard of, we are purposefully putting blinkers on. Wikipedia is not supposed to be a collection of knowledge useful to computer literati, it is supposed to be a collection of knowledge useful to everyone. Using tests like Google hits to determine value is equivalent to a Christian Fundamentalists using the Bible to pass judgment on current events. Exclusionists (and Deletionists) are the Wiki equivalent of the Amish (with apologies, since no insult is intended toward the Amish). I believe that there are three and only three rules to decide whether a subject merits an article in Wikipedia:
 * Is it possible to write a neutral and encyclopedic article about the subject with the knowledge available today? There are subjects that so inherently POV (points of faith and dogma, for instance, or articles about causes, motivations or social effects) that a reasonable article will not be possible for decades, if even then.
 * Is the information objectively verifiable from a neutral, reliable source? If you cannot cite at least one valid and NPOV source, the article is either opinion or hopelessly obscure.
 * Is there enough verifiable and interesting info to fill three headers (not just sub-headers) [2023: header levels are now so arbitrary as to make no difference]? If not, either it belongs in an "umbrella" article or the topic is not significant enough to have an entry at all.

Neologisms
I feel that the exclusion of neologisms is the single worst rule in Wiki. Neologism was a neologism not that long ago and terms like blog, Wikify, the Web, and VoIP are neologisms today. I would suggest that, instead of trying to Latinify (my neologism for killing off a living language) English, we apply a different rule: Can the meaning and context of the term be accurately encompassed by another, preexisting term? Using that rule, my Latinify would fail, while terms like VoIP would survive.
 * Update: Yes, 'blog' was a neologism when I wrote that, having come to prominence a few years earlier when 'political blogs' began to influence politics. In 2012, it seems absurd that it's that young as we retroactively apply it to self-described 'diarists', 'journalists', or 'journalers' from the 90s or even earlier.

Fictional Characters
WP:FICT conflicts directly with WP:NOT. I see no rational reason to exclude fictional characters based on their relevance outside their milieu. Many cult films, books, and fads include characters that are unique and striking enough to have encyclopedic articles written about them.
 * Update: It's been a while since I wrote THAT! Between then and now (about seven years), WP:FICT has gone from dogma to apostasy and back several times, and now is simply a quibble over the historical value of keeping the WP:FICT page at all.

Truth
I am not convinced that objective truth exists. I do not believe in black and white, only in really dark grey and really light gray with the kajillion shades in between. The same with right and wrong, good and evil, or any other polar constants outside of mathematics. We can strive to be good, moral, right-thinking people, but to achieve that is an unrealistic goal. I believe the same is true in Wiki: We can strive for perfection; all we will get is accuracy. We should still try, but we should be much more lenient with those who fall short of our own (purely subjective and arbitrary) thresholds.

NPOV vs POV
There seems to be an appalling lack of understanding about NPOV. Having a neutral point of view is not an antonym of having any point of view at all; they are opposites but congruencies. The objective is not to remove all points of view, since that is impossible if humans are allowed to edit something. Instead, the idea is to ensure that the POV from which the article is written is neutral, both in essence and in voice.

A superb example is any article even tangentially related to Christianity. You cannot approach the Gospels or Jesus without a point of view. If you approach it with scientific dispassion, you are accused of atheism. If you approach it from outside of DWEEC'ness*, you are either a heretic, an apostate, a cultist or part'a one'a them thar Eastern hoards. I have not seen anyone (with the possible exceptions of Deepdelver and H.) who approach it from inside a mainstream western faith and are still able to divorce themselves from the biased and devoutly bent POV of his or her own religion.
 * Update: Deepdiver went dark in 2008 and H. in 2009 (with two posts in 2010). RIP. I exited the Jesus Wars in 2007 (a year after I wrote this section), about the time that even Wikipedia gave up on fig leaf that "There Is No Cabal" and the tone became so poisonous that I hated even logging in. I dropped off editing for several years. Even now, I avoid certain pages (almost always related to the Middle East or Abrahamic religions) because the POV is so skewed and the attacks on non-conforming editors is so intense.
 * *DWEEC is no longer current. It refers to Devout, Western, Educated, Ecumenical Christians.

So how do we fix it? We cannot possibly make sure every viewpoint is represented, because you'd have approximately 5 billion sections, one for every person on Earth. If you summarize, you either disenfranchise or favour dozens of competing views. IMHO, we should give up on absolutism and write articles that give a comprehensive sense on what people agree on and break out the various sects into POV forks. Unfortunately, certain fanatics and zealots (and I use both words advisedly with specific editors in mind) know The One and Only Truth, and categorically refuse to allow such compromise. If their sacred text (or personal vision, or Godphone) tells them X is Y, then the article on Y damn well better start with the phrase, "Y is no more than X and anything to the contrary is superstition and heresy." If not, they'll put it there just to start the revert war, since the retaliator is almost always blamed. I had one tell me recently that zhe didn't start a revert war because zhe didn't revert anything; zhe just added something that zhe knew would provoke just such a reaction.

My vote? No adherent to any religion should be allowed to edit a page about that religion, except to remove incorrect information. We would end up with short, concise, accurate articles that are incapable of proselytising. We can never get there, though, because those motivated to bend Wiki to suit their own ambitions and reflect their own worldview are far more dedicated and machinatious than those of us who wish to preserve neutrality. The same should hold true of any structured worldview: politics, sex, nationalities, ad nauseum.

The reality? People who care about a neutral point of view simply have to attempt to strip as much advocacy as possible from articles, for as long as we can take the heat. If a phrase or sentence or word is sermonizing, delete it entirely with the POV tag. If it gets reverted, take it immediately to the talk page. We will lose this battle; it is difficult to stand for neutrality and harmony because it is so much easier to get people enflamed by real or imagined slights on The One Great Truth. All we can do is try, and sigh deeply. Kevin/Last1in 21:12, 26 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Update: Seriously, was I ever this naïve AND this cynical at the same time? It will be fascinating to see my teen relations age, reading with horror the indelible social network musings of adolescence from the POV of middle age. How exactly do you tell your kid, "My parents would NEVER have allowed me to go out looking like that!" when the kid can reply, "Well, at 21:30 UTC on 12 August 2010, you posted a pic of your new four-coloured mohawk with the caption, 'Dats sum serious sh!t, mon!'"

Extra-Wiki: The World Outside

 * I live in Florida, USA. Here, I'm politically ultra-liberal. In reasonable countries, I'd be a moderate, and there are a number of more civilised countries where I would actually be a bit right of center. I believe in uniform human rights for every conceivable subgroup. I dismiss the current fad of societal fragmentation, believing that we are rapidly becoming the fabled "house divided against itself". A citizen is a citizen, regardless of where they're from or what they have for parents, lovers, beliefs, appetite, genitalia, skin tone or taste in fashion.
 * I've recently attracted all sorts of opprobrium (extra-wiki) for referring to my own subgroup as "Alphabet Kids". I am devoted to inclusiveness, but we are about to run out of ASC-II characters in the LGBTQIA2S+ community. Why not just say "human" and be quit of the whole mess. Actually, since I live in the US, there suddenly do seem to be a lot of citizens whose behaviour does not fit that term. Okay... well, 'Enemies of All that is Right and Holy in the World' is too long for a bumper sticker, let's just call us... liberals.
 * Whilst I'm on the subject of opprobrium and Alphabet Kids, I believe there is a place in discussion for both sex and gender. If speaking specifically about women-assigned-female-at-birth makes a person a TERF or SWERF or SMURF, you are saying that no one can discuss biological sex at all. With apologies to the Catholic Church, isn't making the concept of sex taboo exactly how we got here?

 * I work for and with talented and brilliant people within an organization that makes Dilbert's company look like Nerdvana. Decisions are considered an infectious plague to be avoided at all costs. Logic, math and efficiency are banned from all discussions.
 * Update: LOL! I honestly had to comb the timestamps on this page to figure out about whom I was speaking. Just to be clear, I no longer work there but the descriptions holds for every employer I've had since. Just... wow.
 * Another decade on, and... nothing has changed but the company names on my CV.

 * I am uncomfortable with anyone who is absolutely certain of anything. Yes, that is an oxymoron, as I am "absolutely certain" that certainty itself is suspicious. Speaking of oxymora, when Rush Limbaugh got busted for Oxycontin use, did that make him an Oxy Moron? Irony is one of my favorite things.

 * I am unrepentant in my belief that someone who holds the same views that they did five years ago is either brain damaged or a danger to the world around him, and a person who states that they do not regret any decision from their last five years is either lying or ignorant. This leaves me with a president who is either (a) a brain damaged liar, (b) an ignorant mental defective, (c) a lying danger to the world or (d) dangerous to the world through his ignorance. Personally, I don't see that any of the four are mutually exclusive, and all apply equally to His Highness George the Second. If I suddenly disappear after this post, I would not be surprised to end up in a cage at Gitmo with jumper cables clipped to parts of my body that I'm very fond of.
 * Update: No Gitmo and it's no one's business where I clamped those jumper cables. I have to admit, however, that seven years of hindsight have changed my views of President Bush. He was far worse for this country and for the world than I ever imagined at the time. I seriously doubt that the US will regain its moral and economic standing in the world within my lifetime. Rick Santorum and Mitt Romney are currently vying for the Presidency, so my current opinion that W is the most destructive man to lead our nation might be premature, but he sure set the bar high.
 * Oh, to return to the innocence and naïvety I had during the Good Old Days of the W & Dick show. In a world where the leader of my country can brag about grabbing pussies, on tape, and still get elected, and then go on to denigrate and attempt to destroy every vestige of constitutional democratic-republicanism, I see very little room for hope and a lot of room for more Gitmos. On the other hand, maybe there is a Jefferson, Roosevelt, Clinton or Obama out there to rescue us. To date, I've yet to see one.

 * English is a living language. The greatest authors in our tongue (Shakespeare, Poe, Clarke, et al) invented words to fit meaning. They did not warp their meaning to conform to the words. New words and new usages keep this language alive and attempts to stifle that are ill conceived. We need a second-person-plural pronoun like "y'all", and "dawg" has a distinct and viable meaning unrelated to "dog". English "purists" are the eugenicists of our language, and need to be told that Orwell's 1984 was NOT intended as a utopian ideal.

 * I have several mottos:
 * Never ask a question if you think you might not want to know the answer.
 * Never criticize someone for something that you do or you have done. Your past will come back to bite you and, if I notice it, I will happily point its sharp little teeth right towards your ass. Everyone is welcome to return the favor. Hypocrisy is a primal sin in my world.
 * Never disparage or belittle people, only statements and ideas. Those may be shredded at will.
 * Fact and opinion are distinct concepts. Facts are what I say, opinions are what other people say.
 * Strict adherence to the rules of grammar is an affectation up with which I will not put. The objective of language is to communicate; grammar rules that get in the way of that objective need to be broken.
 * You will NOT like my views about your religion, your basic concepts of morality or your politics, and you are very unlikely to embrace my ideas on sexuality, capital punishment, or vegetarianism. That's okay, I probably won't like yours either. I invite comment, discussion and (especially) discord on all of these topics, so feel free to jump into my talk page.
 * Update: Adding a couple...
 * I cannot promise that change will make things better, but I can promise that without change, nothing will get better. Anything, be it a human mind, an idea, a religion or a species, that will not or cannot adapt to the constantly-changing world has chosen extinction.
 * I don't want to know if you agree with me, only if you DON'T. I have far more to learn from those who disagree with me than I can ever learn from people who nod and smile. Anyone who surrounds himself with like-minded folks is choosing ignorance, a sin beyond redemption in my worldview. Update: And that was before pResident tRump!

The Jesus Wars
Much like in the "real world", there is a stream of unending wars over articles about Jesus and Christianity in Wikipedia. Luckily, there is (so far) less bloodshed. Apostates and heretics with dangerous ideas (like neutrality, common sense and the equality of all faiths) are only pilloried in words.

I have done a lot of study in comparative religion, and in Christianity, the Bible, the Apocrypha and related issues in particular. However, I rarely edit the articles themselves due to the wars. Due to the fanaticism of many adherents to Jesus-related faiths, I do not think that we will see NPOV articles in my lifetime. I get passionate, though, when the POV gets so blatant as to reflect on the credibility of Wikipedia itself. That's when I will take up the Cross or the Crescent or the Staff and wade in on the talk pages.

Okay, fine, I give up! I took a three-month Wikibreak from the Jesus Wars. I went back today only to find the EXACT SAME mess, with the same edit wars and inane circular arguments. Not only do I feel that an NPOV article will never be achieved, I see no reason to continue trying. I think we should create a label along the lines of "This subject is hopelessly mired in controversy, and the worldview silos of different groups makes a truly encyclopaedic article impossible. Do the best you can to make it better, but there is no lifeguard in this particular pool."

 * Update: I came back and tried again (as mentioned above). Within seven more months, the vituperative and poisonous tone had pervaded even peripheral subjects and drove me off Wiki (at least for edits) for three years. I peeked recently at the talk pages for a couple of articles (Jesus, Paul, Jerusalem, Zoroaster). I found the same bickering and backbiting with both new and old voices. When I got to a post the states a certain source is "essentially a communist activist in a dog-collar" I laughed for five minutes, shook my head, and vowed once again to avoid attempts to gain NPOV on any such topics.

Disambiguation v. Maze-Building
SNIDE WARNING: The following comments may seem less objective (or polite) than my normal standards. I feel really, really bad about that.

In writing a story, I found I needed info about chain (how metal chain is made, what "gauge" means when applied to chain, etc.). If I'm lucky, you just clicked that link and ended up at the disambiguation page for chain which I would term a REambiguation page. The objective of disambiguation is to lead people to appropriate articles; that page leads you to other disam pages, many of which lead back to Chain. It is the start of a Wikimaze.

You see, every hardware store I've been in sells something called "chain". It is made up of oblong "links", usually of metal but sometimes of PVC, that are (appropriately) linked together to form a chain that can be used for, like, everything. This disamb will take you to Connection, which has a link for Chain, back where you started. It also has a link for Link, which amusingly enough does NOT mention chains in the hardware-store sense at all, but only about chain as a measurement and link as a sub-measurement thereof.

Over the past two hours, I have searched in vain for chain. I was beginning to doubt that "Chain" really meant what I thought, until I went to Anchor, where what-I-think-of-as-chain appears everywhere. On the Chain page, there are links about "chains" of stores (using the examples of "hotel chain", "restaurant chain" etc.) - I'm seriously tempted to add "Hardware Store Chain" (the place you get that-whatchamacallit-stuff-I-think-of-as-chain) just out of sheer perversity. I can't however, make any valuable contribution or try to fix it, since I STILL CAN'T FIND CHAINS! Kevin/Last1in 02:37, 22 February 2006 (UTC)
 * A year and a half after that rant, some kind soul took pity and created a page about Chain (the thing they sell in hardware stores). It's really quite good.

My Sandbox
Currently featuring a rewrite of the intro for Religion in ancient Rome

title: User:Last1in


text:
Yugi

Yūgi is a Japanese given name. It may refer to:

People

 * Yugi Sethu (born 1964), Tamil actor, director and screenwriter

Given name

 * Yugi Mutou, the main character of Yu-Gi-Oh!
 * Yugi (Tenchi Muyo!), a character in Tenchi in Tokyo
 * Yugi Hoshiguma, a character in Touhou Project video games

Surname

 * Amane Yugi, the main character of the manga series Toilet-Bound Hanako-kun
 * Tsukasa Yugi, a character in the manga series Toilet-Bound Hanako-kun

title: Yugi


text: User talk:65.93.150.217

title: User talk:65.93.150.217


text:
Talk:Stone Age Complication

Untitled
why is it called Stone Age Complication*s*, when the text on the album cover clearly says Stone Age Complication? Is there a good reason for this? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 83.245.18.83 (talk • contribs).
 * "Complications" is what's used on the label on the side of the CD case and is what's printed on the actual CD. As for why "Complications" is used for the name of this article instead of "Complication", I don't know. - kollision 14:25, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

I'm pretty sure that the remixed version of No One Knows can be heard in the Bourne Ultimatum trailer (see http://www.thebourneultimatum.com/ in the 'Intel' section). Don't have the skill myself to add/reference this.

title: Talk:Stone Age Complication


text:
Wikipedia:Meager areas of Wikipedia

In this section we list areas of knowledge in Wikipedia we feel are far from adequate with the goal of encouraging members to read up and jolt development

 * Law - The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure page was not up until Mar '05, good coverage of only a few Supreme Court cases, not all law schools have pages, etc.

title: Wikipedia:Meager areas of Wikipedia


text:
Talk:List of airports in the Greater Toronto Area

Renaming
This article has a tiny problem with its title. It will have to be redirected, I'm afraid. Fire Star 04:45, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Could you be more specific about the problem? David 13:49, 2005 Apr 21 (UTC)

Downsview
Should we list Downsview Airfield as a closed airport, when there is still an active airport (Toronto/Downsview Airport) at the same location? David 13:49, 2005 Apr 21 (UTC)
 * Are they 2 seperate airports on seperate pieces of ground? If not, then then can merged. Burgundavia 15:54, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think so -- the entry specifically mentions DeHavilland, and the current Downsview airport (which is still operational, though closed to the public without prior permission) was the airport that DeHavilland Canada used for testing, as far as I know. I should trace back and figure out who added it to the closed airports.  David 19:37, 2005 Apr 21 (UTC)

Buffalo/Niagara
While people may drive to this airport, it is not within the area of the GTA, which is what the article lists. Alaney2k (talk) 14:28, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

Waterloo and Hamilton
Per the article at Greater Toronto Area, neither of these cities are in the GTA. Waterloo isn't even considered part of the larger Golden Horseshoe. I think this article needs some revision. oknazevad (talk) 00:10, 26 September 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Remove Buttonville from map
Should this be removed from the map (CYKZ) as it's closed? WizardGamer775 (talk) 14:49, 14 March 2024 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Heeltribune

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 20:33, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

Heeltribune
Has been tagged with for about two weeks. Currently it just says, Heeltribune is similar to an online newspaper published by college students. Zzyzx11 | Talk 04:46, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 07:40, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, notability. Mikkalai 02:18, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It's not a newspaper, more of a blog, but one of a zillion. Delete —Wahoofive | Talk 03:37, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy, its basically just an external link--nixie 02:22, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

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text:
Talk:Greatest Hits Vol. 1 (Korn album)

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title: Talk:Greatest Hits Vol. 1 (Korn album)


text: User talk:68.90.135.188

title: User talk:68.90.135.188


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Imran Ho

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 20:33, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

Imran Ho
Currently tagged with. It does not explain how this associate professor of linguistics is notable or significant. Zzyzx11 | Talk 04:49, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, notability not established. Megan1967 07:41, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, notability. Mikkalai 02:19, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, notability. MooVLuvr 19:21, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Gene amplification

Gene amplification refers to a number of natural and artificial processes by which the number of copies of a gene is increased "without a proportional increase in other genes".

Artificial DNA amplification
In research or diagnosis DNA amplification can be conducted through methods such as:

 * Polymerase chain reaction, an easy, cheap, and reliable way to repeatedly replicate a focused segment of DNA by polymerizing nucleotides, a concept which is applicable to numerous fields in modern biology and related sciences.
 * Ligase chain reaction, a method that amplifies the nucleic acid used as the probe. For each of the two DNA strands, two partial probes are ligated to form the actual one; thus, LCR uses two enzymes: a DNA polymerase (used for initial template amplification and then inactivated) and a thermostable DNA ligase.
 * Transcription-mediated amplification, an isothermal, single-tube nucleic acid amplification system utilizing two enzymes, RNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase, to rapidly amplify the target RNA/DNA, enabling the simultaneous detection of multiple pathogenic organisms in a single tube.

Natural DNA amplification
DNA replication is a natural form of copying DNA with the amount of genes remaining constant. However, the amount of DNA or the number of genes can also increase within an organism through gene duplication, a major mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution. Common sources of gene duplications include ectopic recombination, retrotransposition event, aneuploidy, polyploidy, and replication slippage.

A piece of DNA or RNA that is the source and/or product of either natural or artificial amplification or replication events is called an amplicon.

title: Gene amplification


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fubcap

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 20:33, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

Fubcap
Finnish high school band. To quote the article, "Since their band was created, they have not managed to reach success...They have not a lot of fans yet." Delete as vanity. --TenOfAllTrades | Talk 04:50, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete: Vanity --Durin 05:18, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vegaswikian 05:57, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity, I am very sympathetic to all things Finnish though. Klonimus 06:38, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, band vanity. Megan1967 07:42, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Insignificant band. Note that Finnish Wikipedia is also voting about removing their copy of this; current tally there is 10 delete, 0 keep. jni 15:51, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fubcap


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Iqara

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was no consensus. — Xezbeth 18:11, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)

Iqara
Just looks like an ad for a Broadband internet service provider operating in India. Zzyzx11 | Talk 04:51, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, advert. Megan1967 07:42, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP .. if this looks like an AD, then there are thousands of "AD's" in wikipedia .. its a STUB .. and will be later expanded .. Leningrad
 * Keep per Leningrad. It's just facts, not hype, and if its part of the British Gas group it's likely to be notable. Kappa 00:54, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

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title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Iqara


text: Talk:Nanyang Girls' High School

title: Talk:Nanyang Girls' High School


text:
Billy Goat Tavern

The Billy Goat Tavern is a chain of taverns located in Chicago, Illinois. Its restaurants are based on the original Billy Goat Tavern founded in 1934 by Billy Sianis, a Greek immigrant. It achieved fame primarily through newspaper columns by Mike Royko, a supposed curse on the Chicago Cubs, and the Olympia Cafe sketch on Saturday Night Live.

The tavern has eight locations with seven in Chicago, including the oldest extant location on Lower Michigan Avenue, Navy Pier, the Merchandise Mart, O'Hare Airport, Midway Airport, on Lake Street ($1/2$ block west of Michigan Avenue), and in the West Loop on Madison Street (near the United Center); and one location in the suburban Yorktown Mall in Lombard, Illinois. They expanded to Washington, D.C. in 2005, the first location outside the Chicago metropolitan area; it is intended to appeal primarily to Chicago transplants, as well as students from the Georgetown University Law Center located across the street.

History
The first location, at 1855 W. Madison St., was opened in 1934 when William "Billy Goat" Sianis bought the Lincoln Tavern, near Chicago Stadium, for $205 with a bounced check (the proceeds from the first weekend they were open were used to fulfill the payment). When the 1944 Republican National Convention came to town, he posted a sign saying "No Republicans allowed," causing the place to be packed with Republicans demanding service. This resulted in publicity, which Sianis used to his advantage.

In 1964, the original tavern moved to 430 N. Michigan Ave., which is actually below Michigan Avenue, made possible by Chicago's network of multilevel streets in that vicinity. Being situated between the offices of the Chicago Tribune and the old Chicago Sun-Times building led to the tavern's mention in several regular newspaper columns, particularly those of Mike Royko.

In 1970, Sianis petitioned then mayor of Chicago Richard J. Daley to issue him the first liquor license for the moon. His hope, according to the comedic letter that currently adorns the establishment's wall, was to best serve his country by serving delicious cheeseburgers to wayfaring astronauts as well as raising moon-goats. Sianis died in October 1970.

On New Year's Eve 2005, the tavern held a farewell party for the City News Service, successor to the City News Bureau of Chicago, whose reporters were a fixture at the Billy Goat for decades. A small sign commemorating America's first news agency still hangs near the northwest wall.

Cubs curse
The tavern is also known for its involvement in the Curse of the Billy Goat (also known as the "Cubs Curse"). Owner Sianis brought his pet goat, a tavern mascot, to Game 4 of the 1945 World Series, a home game at Wrigley Field against the Detroit Tigers. Despite paid-for box seat tickets, Cubs owner Philip K. Wrigley allegedly ejected Sianis and goat due to the latter's odor. Supposedly, Sianis placed a curse on the team that after this year there will never be another World Series game played at Wrigley Field. After an extensive dry spell, they eventually won the 2016 National League Championship Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers before going on to defeat the Cleveland Indians in the World Series.

Olympia Café
Another sign reads: "Cheezborger, Cheezborger, Cheezborger. No Pepsi. Coke," These words, with Pepsi and Coke in reverse order, were originally popularized by John Belushi in "Olympia Cafe," an early Saturday Night Live sketch that was inspired by the tavern. Bill Murray and sketch writer (and bit player) Don Novello were regulars at the Billy Goat; Belushi and Murray were natives of the Chicago area, and Novello had moved to Chicago in the 1960s.

title: Billy Goat Tavern