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Talk:Kidnapped (novel)

Kidnapped
This book is so much more than a children's adventure and I see no mention of Alan Breck in the article - one of the greatest yet flawed heroes ever created. RLS's writing is modern, pared down and thrilling to read.

The article is, of course, correct but it lacks passion - a bit too much Davie Balfour if you like.

Feel free to expand/edit the article!

 * He wasn't created as a hero, he was a hero who fought at Culloden as the Leader of the Clan - Robert Louis Stevenson merely used him as a device for 2 novels, Allan Breck certainly wouldn't have had time for wetnursing some Lowlander and he left Scotland pretty sharpish after the killing of Red Fox (Campbell of Glenure), Gleam in the North by D. K. Broster mentioned the execution of Dr Archibald Cameron (cousin of Allan Breck) for the murder and the incident itself but again they are still works of fiction and in fact Robert Louis Stevenson was writing so long after the Appin murder that it was based largely on bits of the trial and accounts handed down or written at the time.

 * Allan Breck never returned to Scotland so Catriona really was total invention by Robert Louis Stevenson, then again most people reading the books probably either think they are both totally fiction or that they must be factual accounts and i don't suppose many of his readers of the time knew or cared either way.--Lord of the Isles 03:53, 2 July 2006 (UTC)--

Allegory of Scotland?
Could this be looked upon as a Allegory of Scotland and its People?
 * Alan Breck Stewart of the Highlands-a JAcobite
 * David Balfour of Shaws in the Lowlands-a Whig
 * Captain Hoseason of a brig, the Covenant-a Presbyterian —Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.53.145.120 (talk) 18:50, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

please do not link to SIMPLE and WUU again !!!
please read here (in simple english), that article is about an Australian fire fighter, not the book. THank you !! 58.160.82.97 (talk) 11:08, 9 March 2009 (UTC)

James of the Glens was not a chieftain, nor did he lead the Clan. He was an illegitimate brother of Charles 5th of Ardsheal for whom Alan Breck was collecting money to take to Charles who had fled to France, where he died and was buried at Sens. Charles was a cousin of the Chief (Appin)and had unwillingly led the Appin Stewarts at Culloden. Ref Burke's Landed Gentry. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.77.200.51 (talk) 20:20, 7 August 2009 (UTC)

Summary
This is a great book -- I should reread it! The plot summary is way too long, though. It would be great if someone would read this and rewrite it. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_write_a_plot_summary Tlqk56 (talk) 02:17, 19 April 2012 (UTC)

Catriona
Who says it isn't as good as Kidnapped? (109.159.10.175 (talk) 01:29, 23 March 2016 (UTC))

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External links modified
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French Wikipedia has a more thorough article
The article in French Wikipedia about this book (Enlevé ! in French) is more thorough, with discussion of the situation in Scotland in the time period of the novel, and citations to letters by Stevenson that negate the 2010 book that now uses up a section in this English article. The French article is [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlev%C3%A9_! here]. I will try to begin translation of the most important section, Historic Sources [Les sources historiques : utilisation et rôle dans le roman]. A separate topic is how few reviews of the novel are cited. -- -- Prairieplant (talk) 04:47, 16 July 2021 (UTC)

Chronology of the Story
David begins his narrative in early June, 1751, at which time he is past his 18th birthday, being born in March, 1733. The murder of Colin Campbell took place on Sunday, May 14, 1752 (May 3, old style). One wonders if Stevenson was aware of that fact. At any rate, this article might be corrected for David's age, at least. 32.215.234.97 (talk) 20:18, 7 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kidnapped (novel)


text: User talk:68.111.57.136

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title: User talk:68.111.57.136


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Triumph (The Jacksons album)

Triumph is the fourteenth studio album by the Jacksons, released on September 26, 1980, by Epic Records.

The album was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in the United States and peaked at No. 10 on the US Billboard Top LPs & Tape chart. In the UK the album entered the charts on October 11, where it eventually peaked at No. 13. Triumph sold three million copies worldwide in its original run. Hit singles from the album were "Lovely One", "Heartbreak Hotel" (which was later renamed "This Place Hotel" to avoid confusion with the Elvis Presley song "Heartbreak Hotel"), and "Can You Feel It".

The Jacksons shared lead vocals and solo spots on some songs on the album, but Michael Jackson, who had recently released his multi-platinum selling album Off the Wall (1979), handles most of the lead vocals and writing duties. Triumph was the Jacksons' first album to reach number-one on the US Billboard R&B Albums chart since Maybe Tomorrow in 1971. The album sold over three million copies worldwide, and the Jacksons did not release another studio LP until Victory in 1984. On December 10, 1980, Triumph achieved its Platinum certification in the United States for the sales of over one million copies in the country. It was also nominated for the Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals in 1981.

Re-release
Triumph, was re-released on January 27, 2009, on Epic/Legacy, a division of Sony Music Entertainment, with three bonus tracks of rare 7-inch and 12-inch mixes previously unavailable on CD. It was again re-released in digital format in 2021, with Victory and 2300 Jackson Street.

Personnel

 * The Jacksons
 * Michael Jackson – lead and backing vocals, percussion
 * Jackie Jackson – backing vocals, lead vocals (track 9)
 * Tito Jackson – guitar, backing vocals
 * Marlon Jackson – backing vocals, timpani (track 5), co-lead vocals (track 8)
 * Randy Jackson – percussion, backing vocals, co-lead vocals (track 1)
 * Additional personnel

 * David Williams – guitar (1-5, 7-9)
 * Paul Jackson Jr. – guitar (5)
 * Greg Poree – guitar (6)
 * Michael Sembello – guitar (2, 5, 8)
 * Phil Upchurch – guitar (3)
 * Michael Boddicker – synthesizer (7, 9)
 * Ronnie Foster – keyboards (1, 9)
 * Webster Lewis – synthesizer (7)
 * Greg Phillinganes – keyboards (1-9), synthesizers (7)
 * Gary Coleman – vibraphone (1, 7, 8)
 * Clay Drayton – bass (6, 8)
 * Mike McKinney – bass (4)
 * Nathan Watts – bass (1-3, 5, 7)
 * Ollie E. Brown – drums (1, 2, 4-9)
 * Lenny Castro – percussion (9)
 * Paulinho da Costa – percussion (2, 3, 5-8)
 * Gary Herbig – flute (7)
 * Larry Hall – horns (4, 7)
 * Jerry Hey – horns (4, 5, 7)
 * Kim Hutchcroft – horns (4, 7)
 * Bill Reichenbach – horns (4, 7)
 * La Toya Jackson – voice scream (5)
 * Julia Tillman Waters, Maxine Willard Waters, Stephanie Spruill – backing vocals (track 5)
 * Audra Tillman, Brian Stilwell, Brigette Bush, Gerry Gruberth, Lita Aubrey, Peter Wade, Rhonda Gentry, Roger Kenerly II, Soloman Daniels, Yolanda Kenerly – backing vocals (The Children's Choir) (track 1)
 * Arnold McCuller, Bob Mack, Bunny Hull, Carmen Twillie, Carolyn Dennis, Gerry Garrett, Gregory Wright, Jim Gilstrap, Josie James, Lewis Price, Lisa Roberts, Paulette Brown, Paulette McWilliams, Phyllis St. James, Tyrell "Rock" Deadrick, Roger Kenerly-Saint, Ronald Vann, Roy Galloway, Venetta Fields – backing vocals (The Adults' Choir) (track 1)

 * Production
 * Produced, arranged, written and composed by the Jacksons except for "Everybody" (written by Michael Jackson, Tito Jackson and Mike McKinney)
 * Greg Phillinganes – associate producer
 * Tom Perry – engineer
 * Tom "Tom Tom 84" Washington – arrangements on "Can You Feel It", "Lovely One", "Your Ways" and "Heartbreak Hotel"
 * Jerry Hey – arrangements on "Everybody" and "Heartbreak Hotel"
 * Jerry Peters – arrangements on "Time Waits for No One", "Give It Up" and string arrangements (6, 8)

title: Triumph (The Jacksons album)


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User:Blackbird06071

Organist and computer geek :)

contact at ravenrockdesigns@gmail(REMOVE THIS SPAMBLOCKER).com

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User talk:Tarleton~enwiki

I don't contribute to wikipedia anymore --Tarleton 09:16, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 19:31, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

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Nanaki

Nanaki may refer to:

 * Red XIII, a character in the video game Final Fantasy VII
 * Bebe Nanaki, sister of the Sikh Guru Nanak
 * Mata Nanaki, wife of the Sikh Guru Hargobind

title: Nanaki


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text: Talk:Cadastral map

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MacRobertson Miller Airlines

MacRobertson Miller Airlines (MMA) was a Western Australian airline that operated between 1927 and 1993. It served a changing roster of destinations in Western Australia and the Northern Territory, concentrated on services between Perth and Darwin via towns in the Pilbara and Kimberley regions. After being purchased by Ansett Transport Industries in 1968, MMA grew to become Australia's third-largest airline. It gradually lost its independent identity under Ansett ownership, being eventually rebranded Ansett WA before being entirely subsumed into Ansett Australia in the early 1990s.

History
In 1919, Horrie Miller purchased an Armstrong Whitworth F.K.8 from the United Kingdom and launched the Commercial Aviation Company, in Rochester, Victoria. On 8 October 1920, he registered the Commercial Aviation Company. In 1927, the Commercial Aviation Company commenced weekly Adelaide to Mount Gambier services with an Airco DH.9.

Early Years
The initial success of operating the DH.9 to Broken Hill made Miller seek investment to purchase a larger aircraft more suitable for regular airline service.

He approached Macpherson Robertson, who had become a millionaire on the back of his successful MacRobertson's confectionary business and was known as both a philanthropist and a supporter of aviation in Australia.

Robertson agreed to fund the purchase of a de Havilland Giant Moth single-engined eight-passenger aircraft. It would be owned by a new company: MacRobertson-Miller Aviation, formally created in May 1928. Horrie Miller would retain control of Commercial Aviation Limited while receiving a salary and a minority stake in the new MMA. The airline was run out of the MacRobertson's headquarters in Melbourne, which provided key administrative and legal abilities in the company's early years.

The Giant Moth was named Old Gold after one of MacRobertson's most successful chocolate bars. Always with an eye to publicity, Robertson requested that the cabin of Old Gold be filled with MacRobertson confectionary for its delivery flight to Adelaide, which was then distributed to the gathered crowd.

The first scheduled MMA service was from Adelaide to Renmark on April 26, 1928, later joined by flights to Broken Hill, Mount Gambier and Kangaroo Island, with Miller's own DH.9 being used to provide services as demand grew.

To bolster MMA's own capacity, a second aircraft was needed. Miller imported a Fokker Universal from the USA, starting a long association between MMA and the Dutch manufacturer. A flying school was also set up at Mount Gambier, using a de Havilland DH.60 Moth.

The Move West
In 1934 it was announced that Imperial Airways would be starting an air mail service between London and Australia. To utilise this, the Australian government offered contracts for Australian air lines to operate domestic air mail routes linking with this service. These routes would be awarded government subsidy.

Horrie Miller obtained agreement from MacRobertson's that MMA should bid for the service between Perth in Western Australia and Daly Waters in the Northern Territory that had was then operated by West Australian Airways.

The MacRobertson's clerical and accounting departments were able to prepare a detailed and attractive bid that won MMA the contract despite having no presence or services in Western Australia. The air mail services were required to start in October 1934.

With the contract agreed, MacRobertson-Miller Aviation left Adelaide and transferred its operational base to Perth.

The service between Perth and Darwin (via meeting the Imperial Airways mail flight heading to or from the United Kingdom at Daly Waters) was initially operated by a trio of de Havilland Dragon light airliners. Heading north from Perth, the aircraft stopped at Geraldton, Carnavon, Onslow, Roebourne, Whim Creek, Port Hedland, Broome, Derby, Noonkanbah, Fitzroy Crossing, Halls Creek, Ord River, Wave Hill and Victoria River before arriving at Daly Waters. The trip took four days, with flying only in the early hours and the morning as hot air in the afternoons and frequent evening thunderstorms made flying too dangerous at other times. This route, and many of these key destinations, would become MMA's 'main line' for the rest of its existence.

A feeder service to cattle stations in the Kimberley, Western Australia was soon started out of Ord River using a de Havilland Fox Moth. By the end of 1934 additional Dragons and Fox Moths were being purchased and shipped from Britain to handle expanding demand. In 1938 the air mail contracts were altered, with MMA now flying into Darwin to meet the Imperial Airways mail service. MMA acquired new, larger aircraft with better performance and range, including a pair of Lockheed Electras and two four-engined de Havilland Express.

Post-War and the Douglas DC-3
During the Second World War MMA's services to north-western and northern Australia were curtailed and many of its aircraft were impressed for military service. The Australian government's Department of Civil Aviation controlled the use and allocation of airliners and several of MMA's fleet were lost in accidents. The DCA purchased a fleet of ex-military Douglas Dakota transports (military variants of the Douglas DC-3) for reviving Australian domestic air services after the war, but Macrobertson-Miller Aviation was not initially included in this allocation. After protests, a single C-47, converted to airliner specification, was provided - VH-AEU - and made its first flight from Perth to Derby (via intermediate ports) in November 1945. This aircraft was transferred to TAA in 1947, by which time MacRobertson-Miller had acquired a pair of DC-3s of its own.

MMA would eventually operate nine DC-3s, all of which were ex-military C-47s or C-53s (the latter lacking the reinforced floor and larger cabin door needed for freighter operations).

Surviving Lockheed Electras were operated for a time, but the airline decided to standardise on DC-3s for its main services out of Perth to the Pilbara, Kimberley and into Darwin. Refurbished ex-military Avro Ansons (six of which were purchased) for the 'station runs' serving cattle stations in the Kimberley out of Darwin and the Goldfields out of Kalgoorlie. The Ansons also predominated on what were known as the 'mission runs', started as MMA expanded its operations beyond Darwin into the Northern Territory. These supplied and connected christian mission stations in Arnhem Land and the Gove Peninsula with the route terminus at Groote Eylandt.

Many of MMA's distinctive characteristics were adopted at this time. Its DC-3s were all operated with a polished bare metal finish, which was calculated to reduce operating costs by removing the need to paint the aircraft and saving a small but significant amount of weight (allowing more payload or fuel to be carried). MMA crews were provided with large tins of polish and were expected to keep the aircraft buffed to a sheen during layovers while out on the route. The cleanliness of MMA aircraft, even when operated in remote rural airstrips with minimal protection or facilities, became a notable feature of the airline, as did its high standards of maintenance and the self-sufficiency of its engineering department. In the 1940s MMA standardised the registration marks of its fleet, all of which became VH-MMx (i.e. VH-MMA, VH-MMB, VH-MMC etc.) and its DC-3s were all named for rivers in Western Australia. MacRobertson-Miller furnished its crews with khaki army-style tunics rather than the naval-inspired uniforms favoured by most other airlines. Well into the 1950s many of the food and drink items on MMA flights continued to come from the MacRobertson's catalogue, reflecting Macpherson Robertson's partnership in the early years of the company and the majority stake in MMA still held by the confectionary company.

In 1955, MacRobertson-Miller Aviation and its only regional competitor, Airlines (WA) merged, with MacRobertson's holding a 62% shareholding of the new company now formally titled MacRobertson Miller Airlines. At the time of the merger MacRobertson Miller operated a network of more than 32,000 km, from Esperance in Western Australia to Darwin in the Northern Territory.

The merger brought Airlines (WA)'s fleet of de Havilland Doves to MMA, which replaced the Ansons on the short station runs, with the last Anson flight for MMA being made in 1962.

Air Beef
A distinctive part of the MMA operation between 1950 and 1962 was 'Air Beef'. This was the carrying of beef carcasses from Glenroy Station to the coastal port at Wyndham. 'Air Beef' was originally founded as a partnership operation of Kimberley cattle ranchers, MMA and Australian National Airways. Instead of driving cattle to Wyndham for slaughter (where they often arrived in poor condition), an abattoir was built at Glenroy as well as a brand new all-weather airfield plus maintenance facilities and accommodation for the aircraft crews. The beef would be slaughtered, wrapped and chilled at Glenroy and flown to Wyndham, taking a matter of hours instead of the arduous six-week drive. MMA converted DC-3 VH-MMF (named RMA Gascoyne) to a freighter, including removing its autopilot, sound-deadening and (given the warm weather of the seasonal operation) its anti-ice equipment to maximise payload and allow three tons of beef to carried on each flight, with three round trips per day. ANA withdrew from Air Beef in 1953, leaving MMA to operate the service each year with the same aircraft - VH-MMF and its crew would be remotely stationed at Glenroy for the entire beef season each year. The service ended in 1962 when road improvements in the Kimberley made it more cost-effective to transport live cattle to coastal abattoirs by road.

Turboprops and Ansett
From the time of the merger with Airlines (WA), the newly-structured MMA began looking at the introduction of turboprop aircraft to accelerate its long-range services - it still being a journey of two full days on the Perth-Darwin 'main line'. In 1959 it was agreed that MMA would take over an order for a Fokker F27 Friendship from Trans Australia Airlines. VH-MMS RMA Swan entered service in December 1959. With the F27 the 'main line' journey could be accomplished in a single day, with more comfortable cruising at high altitudes thanks to cabin pressurization and, for the first time on MMA services, hot meals served in-flight. RMA Swan was painted in a new white/blue/red livery and the operation was branded as MMA's 'Jetstream Service'.

The operational success of the first MMA F27 was clear, but additional aircraft could not be purchased at the same favourable price as VH-MMS. MMA needed additional finances to order more F27s. At the same time, MacRobertson's was looking to sell its shares in MMA in order to fund its core confectionary business. Reg Ansett, owner of Ansett Transport Industries had been building up his company into a major national player in the late 1950s. Ansett purchased ANA in 1957 (creating Ansett-ANA) and key regional airlines in New South Wales and South Australia. Seeing the opportunity to move into Western Australia, Ansett purchased the MacRobertson's holding in MMA and also buying out the shares held by founder Horrie Miller, resulting in Ansett owning 70% of MMA from April 1963.

The Mining Boom
Ansett's purchase was well-timed, as Western Australia was about to undergo a huge increase in traffic as large-scale mining operations in the Pilbara began. The Goldsworthy mine began operations in 1965, exporting iron ore from Port Hedland (later joined by the mine at Newman) while the Mount Tom Price mine began operations in 1966, exporting via Dampier and Karratha, Western Australia. Oil production at Barrow Island started in 1964. Also, 1963 saw the agreement to construct the Naval Communication Station Harold E. Holt at Exmouth, while up in the Kimberley the Ord River Irrigation Scheme had begun in 1960, promising an agricultural boom.

In the Northern Territory, the old 'mission runs', originally requiring numerous stops in remote, unfurnished airstrips to support small settlements and Christian missions, were being replaced by scheduled services to supply the new bauxite mining operations. The Nabalco facility at Gove started up in 1964, as did the GEMCO manganese ore mine at Groote Eylandt.

All these activities brought a surge of traffic over MMA's routes, leaving the DC-3s worked to capacity. With Ansett ownership came funds to order more Fokker F27s as well as short-term leases of F27s and Douglas DC-4s from Ansett-ANA. MMA would eventually build a fleet of six F27s, with the DC-3s gradually being retired and the remaining fleet being relegated to freight, short-haul 'station runs', aerial survey work and charter operations.

MMA also purchased an 8-seater Piaggio P.166 for serving the oil operations on Barrow Island and carrying survey and inspection teams for mines. Three Twin Otters were operated to serve mining operations at Yampi Sound, Tom Price and the traditional 'station runs' in the Kimberley.

In 1966 a statement by MMA declared it had become Australia's third-largest domestic airline (behind Ansett-ANA and TAA), serving 97 destinations and carrying over 100,000 passengers that year. Freight tonnage carried by MMA had increased by over 50% in 1965-66.

The growth of towns in the Pilbara changed the flow of traffic for MMA - instead of relying on the mail contracts between Perth and Darwin, with intermediate stops largely by necessity, locations like Port Hedland, Karratha and Kununurra became major traffic centres in their own right. The performance of the F27s enabled Perth to become a hub rather than a terminus, with more direct services fanning out to key destinations. This was coupled to changes in Australian aviation legislation that enabled the growth of 'third level' commercial operators - smaller firms operating local and regional services with lighter aircraft. There were also, often as a direct result of the industrialisation of much of Western Australia, ever-improving road networks in previously remote areas. These factors all enabled MMA to greatly reduce the once-numerous 'station runs' and focus on the main routes between Perth and Darwin via the Pilbara. Exceptions included the long-running service between Perth and Kalgoorlie (itself seeing booming production at the Fimiston open pit and the coastal route from Perth to Geraldton and Carnarvon - a remnant of the original air mail route from 1934.

MMA and the Jet Age
With this new traffic in mind, and faced with continually growing traffic (not to mention high profits from its F27 operations), MMA began preparations to begin all-jet operations with the Fokker F28 Fellowship.

In preparation, MMA took on operation of a Vickers Viscount from Ansett-ANA - in fact several different Viscounts were used in succession, each painted into MMA's 'Jetstream' livery when in service - during 1968. These four-engined turboprops provided much-needed capacity as well as having performance similar to that expected from the F28. Viscount operations suddenly ended after the fatal crash of MacRobertson Miller Airlines Flight 1750, found to be caused by structural corrosion.

In November 1968 Ansett completed the takeover of MMA, with the remaining 30% of shares being purchased and the airline officially becoming MacRobertson Miller Airline Services - A Division of Ansett Transport Industries (Operations) Pty Ltd. Aircraft were gradually repainted into Ansett's new white/red/black scheme. The absorption into Ansett reflected a general move by the parent firm to integrate its regional subsidiaries into its operations and identity. However the reputation of MMA (and, anecdotally, the respect of Reg Ansett for Horrie Miller) was such that the MacRobertson Miller Airlines name was continued - the airline would fly with the Ansett colour scheme and the corporate 'delta-A' logo, but with MMA logotypes on the fuselage.

The last official scheduled MMA DC-3 flight was made in January 1969, and MMA was then able to proclaim that it ran an 'all-jet' fleet (turboprop F27s and Twin Otters and the upcoming F28 jetliner - the single Piaggio being operated only on a charter basis). VH-MMF - the DC-3 used for the Air Beef operations - was retained for charter work until March 1970, and two DC-3s were transferred from Ansett for standby and charter duties until August that year when the last true MMA DC-3 flight was made.

MMA's orders for Fokker F28 jets were not expected to be delivered until the middle of 1970, but with the unexpected loss of the Viscounts there was a shortfall in capacity for 1969. MMA agreed a 10-month lease of an F28 with an earlier spot in the construction queue with its destined owner, Norwegian airline Braathens. This F28 became VH-MMJ (the initial representing 'jet') and the aircraft was named RMA Pilbara (it was decided to name the F28s after regions rather than rivers). VH-MMJ made its first scheduled service for MMA on September 2, 1969 from Perth to Port Hedland.

The first of MMA's own F28 order, VH-FKA (taking over the name RMA Pilbara, and wearing the new registration system now Ansett had ended the traditional VH-MMx format), entered service in June 1970. MMA would receive seven 65-seat F28-1000s (one of which was originally ordered by Ansett for Airlines of New South Wales but transferred to MMA in 1971) and by the end of 1972 all of MMA's F27s had been retired. The Twin Otters and the sole Piaggio were retired in 1977, ending the 'station run' services and turning MMA into a single-type all-jet airline. The old 'mission runs' in Arnhem Land and the Gove Peninsula were taken over by Mission Aviation Fellowship, replaced on MMA's schedules by direct flights to and from Gove and Groote Eylandt, made by F28s that would otherwise be on layover at Darwin between services from and to Perth.

MMA's operations with the F28 became notable for being high-intensity jet operations into what were relatively under-developed airports. Until well into the 1980s the only airport served by MMA between Perth and Darwin with its own air traffic control operation was Port Hedland (established with the introduction of VH-MMJ in 1969). There were no enroute ATC services and no radar coverage outside the main hubs at each end of the route. Prior to 1977 (when TAA began flying between Perth and Darwin), Western Australia did not have charted airways. MMA's F28s, operating at 30,000ft or more and a ground speed of over 400 knots, were operated with methods little changed since the days of the DC-3, with basic VOR and NDB radio navigation, High frequency communication and standard separation rules under the responsibility of the aircrews.

Approaches into small airports were made without ATC using traditional traffic patterns in clear weather and non-precision instrument approaches in poor weather. The performance of the F28 did reveal some shortcomings in the operational support available to the airline via the DCA; the famous Fitzroy Crossing forced landing of 1971 (see the 'Accidents and Incidents' section below) was caused in major part by the ability of the F28 to 'outfly' the weather forecasts available in the region, with forecasts not being prepared or transmitted with sufficient frequency for jet operations.

Once MacRobertson-Miller's fleet consisted solely of F28s, the company's 1977 report stated that it had 81 pilots to fly its seven jet aircraft. The fleet collectively flew approximately 30,000km (18,700 miles) each day and it was estimated that at no point during a typical weekly schedule were all the F28s on the ground at the same time.

End of MMA
In late 1979 Reg Ansett lost control of Ansett Transport Industries following a takeover bid launched by Peter Abeles of Thomas Nationwide Transport and Rupert Murdoch. Abeles ended up in day-to-day charge of Ansett, and the new owners pursued a policy of renewing the company's image. The core national Ansett business received a new livery and the various regional operations would revert to their registered names - Airlines of New South Wales, Airlines of South Australia etc. However, in order to provide consistency with this new scheme, it was decided to end the use of the MacRobertson Miller Airlines brand.

From July 1980 MMA became Airlines of Western Australia, with a new white/red/green livery and a logo of a stylised kangaroo paw, the state flower of Western Australia. The traditional airline code of 'MV' was retained.

Growth continued for the airline in its new form, with a pair of larger F28-4000s (with 85 seats) being delivered in 1982. To cater to the boom in international tourism to the Red Centre of Australia, Airlines of Western Australia added services between Darwin, Alice Springs and Ayers Rock to its schedules. Some of these flights were AoWA operations, but many were codeshare flights with another newly-branded Ansett subsidiary, Airlines of Northern Australia, which did not have its own jet fleet and so its premier services were run by AoWA aircraft, crews and operational staff.

More corporate changes at Ansett led to a further change of identity in October 1984, with the airline become Ansett WA (in line with the other Ansett subsidiaries) and the fleet was gradually repainted into the white/blue 'Southern Cross' livery of its parent company. Ansett WA's fleet was bolstered by the introduction of British Aerospace 146 quad-jets. In short order these newly-branded subsidiaries were subsumed into the common Ansett Australia branding in 1993, at which point the operational, corporate and legal entity that had been MMA was wrapped up. The ex-MMA F28s were all withdrawn from Ansett service in the mid-1990s.

Aircraft
Early aircraft used by the airline included the Fokker Universal, Avro Ansons, de Havilland DH.84 Dragons, Lockheed Model 10 Electras and Douglas DC-3s. Later aircraft included the Fokker F27 Friendship turboprop, a leased Vickers Viscount turboprop, a Douglas DC-9 jet leased from Ansett, Piaggio P.166 twin prop aircraft, de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter STOL-capable turboprops, Fokker F28 Fellowship jets (both the series 1000 and 4000 twinjets) and British Aerospace BAe 146 jets.

Thanks to a combination of the long legs flown between destinations in the sparsely-inhabited Pilbara region, an effective rostering and operations system and a well-honed practice of short turnarounds (usually 25 minutes, as is now typical on modern low-cost carriers), the airline's Fokker aircraft had some of the highest utilisation rates in the world and accumulated some of the highest mileages. For 1965 the company's F27s averaged 4150 flight hours. The first F27 purchased by the airline, registered VH-MMS and named RMA Swan, became the first F27 in the world to reach 10,000 flight hours and later the first to accumulate 20,000 hours. It flew over 40,000 hours with MMA, setting another world record for an F27 with a daily utilisation average of 10.66 hours, before being redeployed to parent company Ansett Australia in 1972. The later Fokker F28 fleet was also distinguished by extremely high utilisation - F28 VH-FKA RMA Pilbara became the first of the type to fly 20,000 and 30,000 hours and logged nearly 63,000 hours before it was withdrawn in 1995. The fleet averaged 8.5 flying hours per day in the mid-1970s. Aircraft on the main route between Perth and Darwin via four or five airports in the Pilbara, and with services to Gove and Groote Eylandt in the Northern Territory before making the return flight via the same ports of call, would take just over 22 hours to make the round trip, of which over 13 hours was spent in the air.

MMA's F28s flew what was at the time the world's longest twinjet route, and certainly the world's longest F28 flight - Perth to Kununurra. According to the 5 April 1970 MMA system timetable, the airline was operating F28 jet service into Dampier, Darwin, Derby, Kununurra, Perth and Port Hedland at this time. MMA also flew one of the world's shortest scheduled air services, from Perth to Rottnest Island flying the Douglas DC-3 and later the Fokker F-27 Friendship. MMA's first Fokker F28 Fellowship was actually leased from Braathens SAFE of Norway (VH-MMJ c/n 11013) and returned to Fokker as PH-ZAH after the first of the ordered aircraft arrived. VH-FKD was originally purchased for Ansett division Airlines of New South Wales but transferred to MMA when it proved uneconomical on the NSW intrastate routes. Ironically this aircraft returned to Airlines of New South Wales service several years later.

Accidents and incidents

 * On 1 July 1949, Douglas DC-3 "Fitzroy" on a schedule flight to Darwin and carrying 14 passengers and a crew of 4 crashed after take-off from Perth in heavy rain. The aircraft crashed into an area of disused army huts north of the town of Guildford (a town directly in line with Perth Airport's major runway 21/03). It is believed to have been caused by the aircraft being incorrectly loaded.

 * On 31 December 1968, Vickers Viscount "Quininup" VH-RMQ leased from Ansett-ANA broke up in mid-air and crashed 52 km south of Port Hedland Airport in the scrub on Indee Station. Twenty-two passengers and the four crew on board were killed. The aircraft was originally purchased by Trans Australia Airlines.

 * Fokker F28 Flight MV 372 Perth to Port Hedland - 30 July 1971, VH-FKC: During the long late night hop destination and onward airports became blanketed with fog. The F28 became dangerously low on fuel and after circling for some time Captain Harold Rowell considered ditching the aircraft in the ocean. However, he eventually landed the jet on a gravel runway in the isolated town of Fitzroy Crossing, landing with less than ten minutes of fuel remaining. No life was lost and no injury occurred.
 * Fokker F28 Fellowships of MMA assisted with the evacuation of Darwin after Cyclone Tracy in December 1974. One F28-1000 carried 128 evacuees, mostly children, on a flight to Perth, though most aircraft carried 80, 20 more than the standard 60 passengers. The MMA F28s helped evacuate 1,250 people out of Darwin in four days.
 * On 17 January 1974, Fokker F-28-1000 VH-FKA operating Flight MV 492 (a Perth to Darwin "milk run" with 4 stops) overran the runway at Broome Airport. The weather was wet and the aircraft overran the runway threshold by 82 metres, crashing through a wire and picket fence before stopping with the nosewheel sunk in mud. There were no injuries and some minor damage to the aircraft nosewheel doors, a fuselage mounted landing light and the oxygen access panel.
 * On 26 September 1983, Fokker F28 VH-FKA took off from Perth Airport on a routine flight to the North West. As the aircraft banked left after takeoff on Runway 21, the main passenger door/airstairs suddenly opened. The air hostess sitting in the jump seat adjacent the door lost her shoes. The door had been closed but the lock bar had not been moved to the upright "lock" position. Ground crew also failed to see the outside door release (aft of the door on the fuselage) was not in the correct horizontal position. The co-pilot also failed to see that the door "unlatched" light (which was orange in colour) had remained on. This check formed part of the pre-taxi checklist. However, bright sunlight glare through the starboard cockpit windows made it difficult to see that the light was on. The door fell open as the cabin pressure increased and as the aircraft climbed and banked left. The aircraft circled for two hours above Perth burning fuel before making a safe though spectacular landing.

title: MacRobertson Miller Airlines


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User:Aubird

Aubird

title: User:Aubird


text:
Dunta Robinson

Willie Dunta Robinson (born April 11, 1982) is a former American football cornerback. He played college football at South Carolina and was selected by the Houston Texans with the 10th overall selection in the 2004 NFL Draft. Robinson also played for the Atlanta Falcons and Kansas City Chiefs.

Early life
Robinson attended Clarke Central High School in Athens, Georgia, and was a three-sport standout in football, basketball, and track. As a senior for the Gladiators football team, he had four interceptions and eight passes defended. On offense, he rushed for six touchdowns, and ran back a punt and a kickoff for touchdowns. In track, he ran the 100m in 10.93 seconds, and was the state champion in the long jump (7.24m).

College years
Despite graduating from Clarke Central High School in the literal shadow of the University of Georgia, Robinson committed and signed his national letter of intent to play his college football for legendary coach Lou Holtz at the University of South Carolina on February 7, 2000.

Houston Texans
Robinson was drafted by the Houston Texans in the first round with the 10th overall pick in the 2004 NFL Draft. He immediately became a starter, starting all 16 games at right cornerback for the Texans in his rookie season, recording 87 tackles and six interceptions. During the 2008 season, Robinson became the all-time Texans' interception leader passing Aaron Glenn with 13 career interceptions.

On February 19, 2009, Robinson became the first Texan in franchise history to be given the franchise tag. Upset at receiving the tag, Robinson subsequently sat out all of Texans training camp before finally signing a one-year, $9.957 million tender a week before the 2009 NFL season began. In the Texans' first game against the New York Jets, Robinson's shoes bore the message "Pay Me Rick," directed at Texans' General Manager Rick Smith. Robinson was fined $25,000 by the NFL for wearing the shoes.

Atlanta Falcons
On March 5, 2010, as an unrestricted free agent, Robinson signed a six-year contract with the Atlanta Falcons worth $54 million with $22.5 million in guaranteed money.

Robinson was fined $50,000 for an illegal hit on a defenseless player when he hit Eagles wide receiver DeSean Jackson on October 17, 2010, in Philadelphia.

On September 18, 2011, Robinson made another illegal helmet-to-helmet hit on Eagles wide receiver Jeremy Maclin. The NFL fined him $40,000.

On March 1, 2013, in a mildly surprising and abrupt move to clear salary cap space, Robinson was released by the Falcons. It was also speculated that the Falcons had grown less enamored with Robinson after his repeated personal fouls for illegal hits and a perceived low return on their $54 million investment. Former All Pro running back Michael Turner and All Pro defensive end John Abraham were also released at the same time by the Falcons as salary cap casualties.

Kansas City Chiefs
Robinson signed with the Kansas City Chiefs on March 8, 2013. On February 7, 2014, Robinson was released by the Chiefs.

title: Dunta Robinson


text:
Talk:Exoduster

I am going to change this from a redirect to African American history to a link there. In the next little while I will develop it into an article of its own (initially a stub). It's wrong to try to lump all of African American history into a single page (we certainly wouldn't try to lump in every predominantly-white-involved American historical article into a single article), and the Exodusters represent a historical event that deserve an independant article. Furthermore, according to the wikipedia article on Black Canadians there may be a Canadian connection as well, so a redirect to African American history would be even more wrong if I can confirm that.

What's more, while the word "Exoduster" ought to be in the wikictionary, this merits a real article in wikipedia.
 * Yes, please absolutely write an article on Exodusters. Even a short article of a few sentences will do. However, in the meantime, it's better to keep the page as a redirect. - Nat Krause 7 July 2005 04:37 (UTC)

title: Talk:Exoduster


text:
User talk:62.134.76.25

Category:Stein family has been nominated for deletion
Category:Stein family has been nominated for deletion. A discussion is taking place to decide whether this proposal complies with the categorization guidelines. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the categories for discussion page. Thank you. Mason (talk) 13:23, 17 October 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:62.134.76.25


text:
Troy Stradford

Troy Edwin Stradford (born September 11, 1964) is a former professional American football running back who was selected by the Miami Dolphins in the fourth round of the 1987 NFL Draft. Stradford won the 1987 Offensive Rookie of the Year Award for the Dolphins and played for Miami until the end of the 1990 season. He lasted just two more years in the NFL and played for the Kansas City Chiefs, the Detroit Lions, and the Los Angeles Rams from 1991 to 1992.

Stradford grew up in Linden, New Jersey and played both basketball and football at Linden High School.

Stradford currently works as a Sports talk show host on WFTL 640 Sports radio weekdays from 10AM-12PM and as the host of the Gameday Insiders heard weekends on WFTL 640 and WFTL 850 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

title: Troy Stradford


text:
Assjack

Assjack is an American heavy metal band led by Hank Williams III and Garrett Bremer. The band is one of the three incarnations of Williams' live show, and started off playing music throughout 2008 to 2010, until they evolved into a strictly punk metal band.

Career
For Assjack's long-anticipated 2009 self-titled studio debut, only Williams sang and played all instruments on the recording.

For live purposes, the band features Gary Lindsey on vocals, Hank Williams III on guitar and vocals, and Joe Buck who used to be on bass but is now focused on his solo career. Assjack has had a revolving drum slot and background vocalist slot throughout the years. On recent tours, Chris Arp has played lead guitar.

Hank III confirmed in a November 10, 2009 interview that no new Assjack material is in the works because of being held back by Curb Records so long. Hank III also stated that after Curb is dropped (after the release of his 2010 solo album Rebel Within) that he would be taking his music and Assjack's music to the next level.

Musical style
Their musical style has been described as thrash metal, death metal, hardcore punk, and metalcore.

Current members

 * Hank Williams III – vocals, guitar
 * Gary Lindsey – co-vocals for the Damn Band and Assjack
 * Garrett Bremer – drums

Touring and former members

 * Christopher Arp (Psyopus) – guitar
 * Kevin Bond – guitar
 * Zach Shedd – bass
 * Joe Fazzio – drums
 * Brian Poskochil – co-vocals
 * Tim Yeung (Hate Eternal / Vital Remains) – drums
 * Munesh Sami – drums
 * Joe Buck – bass
 * Grahm Reynolds – guitar

title: Assjack


text:
LeRoy Carhart

LeRoy Harrison Carhart (October 28, 1941 – April 28, 2023) was an American physician and abortionist from New Jersey best known for performing abortions late in pregnancy. He was known for his participation in the Supreme Court cases Stenberg v. Carhart and Gonzales v. Carhart, both of which dealt with intact dilation and extraction (also known as "partial-birth abortion"). A former Republican, he was one of the four subjects of the 2013 documentary After Tiller.

Biography
Carhart trained as a physician in the U.S. Air Force, and retired from the force with the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was a graduate of Rutgers University, and a 1973 graduate of Hahnemann University School of Medicine (now Drexel University College of Medicine).

Medical practice
After 21 years as a surgeon in the Air Force, Carhart opened a walk-in emergency clinic in Omaha in 1985. On September 6, 1991, the day of the passage of the Nebraska Parental Notification Law, arsonists targeted Carhart's farm, setting fire to his home and a 48-stall barn, along with two other buildings and numerous vehicles. The attack killed two family pets and 21 horses. The fire, which had started in seven different locations on Carhart's property, was never declared arson and no one was prosecuted. Carhart stated that he received a note the morning after the fire claiming responsibility and likening the deaths of his animals to the "murder of children". At the time of the fire, abortions had been a small part of Carhart's surgical practice; afterwards, determined not to "cede a victory to the antis", Carhart began performing abortions full-time.

In February 2013, a 29-year-old woman who had been 33 weeks pregnant with a medically abnormal fetus died a day after a four-day abortion procedure at Carhart's clinic in Germantown. The medical examiner listed the causes of death as "amniotic fluid embolism following a medical termination of pregnancy", disseminated intravascular coagulation and fetal abnormalities. The Maryland Board of Physicians found that Carhart was not responsible for the death. The board's letter followed an investigation by state health officials that reported there were "no deficiencies" in Carhart's handling of the situation, and that the death could have happened during birth as well.

Court cases
Carhart filed suit against the Nebraska Attorney General, Don Stenberg, because a Nebraska law banned a form of abortion, dilation and extraction (D&X). In Stenberg v. Carhart the United States Supreme Court struck down the Nebraska law with Sandra Day O'Connor providing the swing vote for the five-to-four decision because the law did not allow for the use of the procedure even when the mother's health would be put at greater risk by another abortion procedure. Carhart later filed suit against U.S. Attorney General Alberto Gonzales in Gonzales v. Carhart seeking to strike down the 2003 Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act, a federal law that is similar to the state law struck down in Stenberg. While the Court did not officially reverse Stenberg, it upheld the federal ban as not imposing an undue burden on women, the test established in Planned Parenthood v. Casey. O'Connor's successor, Samuel Alito, along with William Rehnquist's successor, John G. Roberts, sided with three of the four Justices who dissented in Stenberg, creating a five-to-four majority.

Death
Carhart died on April 28, 2023, at the age of 81. He died from an aggressive form of liver cancer, according to his daughter, Janine Weathersby.

title: LeRoy Carhart


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Talk:Friday Night with Jonathan Ross

Unsatisfactory
What the hell is this?

It really need tidying up.--Crestville 23:44, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Feel free to edit. ;-)

I think we should use the Late Show with David Letterman article as a sort of template for this one. Bababoum 14:33, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

Guests
Who reckons the section with all the guests should stay or not? • Thorpe • 30 June 2005 15:37 (UTC)

 * Maybe it should be moved to 'Episode Guide' or something. However, if it would be moved there would be nothing left of the original article! Husky

 * I have moved it to List of Guests on Friday Night with Jonathan Ross. Bababoum 10:14, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

 * What happened to My Chemical Romance? In the Live tv guide magazine and virgin media's on-screen it mentioned live performance from MCR on Friday the 13th 2007, but when I watched it I was incredibly dissappointed to discover Kings of Leon were on instead. Was it the curse of Friday the 13th? I joked earlier on the day that nothing had gone particuarly wrong compared to a normal day but then this happened!

From the main article:

The most frequent guests are Ricky Gervais (8 episodes), Jack Dee (6 episodes), Johnny Vegas and Stephen Fry (both currently on 5 episodes each).

Every stat there is completely incorrect. Usual Wiki crap. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.97.115.9 (talk) 20:02, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

Under threat in the ratings
Removed 'the show is under threat from Charlotte Church's new show beating him in the ratings' - there is no evidence that Charlotte Churh's chatshow will be any more competition than Jonathan has had in the past or than he will have from shows on ITV or digital etc.. The two shows haven't even gone head to head yet so the proof will be in the pudding talking of threats is just speculation.

Suggestions for Memorable guests section?
Does anyone have any suggestions for guests to add to this section of the article as well as a reason why? Bababoum 19:54, 27 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Well I have tidied the page up a lot now. The main bit that needs extending is the Memorable Guests section but I'm sure in time their will be more people added.Bababoum 11:58, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

well how about 50 cent, he was swearing excessively and taught jonathan how to rap, he appeared back in 2003 [unsigned]
 * How exactly is excessive swearing memorable? Perhaps on the teaching how to rap, but I've not seen the ep (will do sometime, I'm sure) so can't comment further :-) 78.86.230.62 (talk) 15:52, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

I believe the interview with Gwyneth Paltrow should be included in the memorable section. Him asking her about her sex life and telling her he would fuck her triggered viewer complaints, criticism of him from the media watchdog and Paltrow later stating that her father-in-law was offended by what Ross said to her. Nietzsche 2 (talk) 01:39, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

Janice Dickinson
I'm not against her inclusion in the memorable guests section, but her passage is currently not written quite up to standard. I have left it below so it can be worked on. Sir-Nobby 16:00, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

Supermodel Janice Dickinson provided an unorthodox interview for Jonathan on May 18th, 2007, she was hyperactive and kept leaving the sofa. On multiple occasions she pounced on Jonathan, and brought the show to new levels after comparing penis sizes of her ex-lovers. She also taught Jonathan to walk like a supermodel, and was extremely noisy. When Andrew Lloyd Webber and John Barrowman were being interviewed, they made a few jokes at her expense. She heard this from the Green Room, and both the interviewees looked extremely shocked, as Janice proceeded to attempt to confront them. Jonathan hastily and amusingly attempted to close the doors on his set, but they started to shake and Janice burst out of them in hilarious fashion, and proceeded to reprimand all three to further comic effect.

Fair use rationale for Image:Ross dress.JPG
Image:Ross dress.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 13:52, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Rhotacism
"Ross speaks with a rhotacism, causing him to pronounce the consonant 'r' like a 'w'"

1) What's this got to do with the TV show?

2) No he doesn't, and hasn't for a long long time. He alludes to the fact that he USED to, but he has lost this ages ago

This should be reworded to "Ross used to speak with a rhotacism, which caused him to pronounce the consonant 'r' like a 'w'. He is well known for this, although he no longer suffers from the rhotacism" (although I'm using the word "suffer" there wrongly, probably...can't think of anything better). Anyway, this should NOT be here for both reasons but most importantly for the first reason...this is about the TV show and not the host. I'll leave it up to others to decide whether to keep the sentence(s) in question, and please can others who agree with me LEAVE the text in until others have had their chance to comment...I'm not saying I'm right, just that I *feel* I am right about this :-) 78.86.230.62 (talk) 15:49, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

Number of series
The first paragraph states that the show is in its twelfth series; the infobox states fifteen. What is the true number of series? Werdnawerdna (talk) 12:21, 18 October 2008 (UTC)

Guests scheduled for 31 October 2008
Of the guests who were due to appear on 31 October (which was cancelled at short notice because of Ross' suspension) only one, David Attenborough, has actually appeared on the current series. Are the others due on the show in the near future, or have they changed their minds? Nietzsche 2 (talk) 02:02, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

Not true, Miley Cyrus appeared to promote the Hannah Montana movie after the show returned, the Killers also appeared (in fact it is mentioned a few paragraphs above the section about the suspension) and I think Frank Skinner has been on as well. It's hard to say what series you are talking about though, as there are no dates for the series given in the article.198.240.128.75 (talk) 14:57, 14 July 2009 (UTC)

Episode list
I think there should be a seperate column provided for whoever is on the show to provide the music, (Muse, Lady GaGa etc) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sepmix (talk • contribs) 08:30, 18 March 2010 (UTC)

Suspension section - claim not supported by source
This sentence in the Suspension section is not supported by the cited source: "Incidentally, there were fewer than 25 complaints made about the original incident prior to its reporting in the media."

It's tone also feels casual and conversational. NascantNeptune (talk) 02:20, 21 September 2023 (UTC)

 * I've made the edit. NascantNeptune (talk) 02:23, 21 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Friday Night with Jonathan Ross


text:
Jim Blinn

James F. Blinn (born 1949) is an American computer scientist who first became widely known for his work as a computer graphics expert at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), particularly his work on the pre-encounter animations for the Voyager project, his work on the 1980 Carl Sagan documentary series Cosmos, and the research of the Blinn–Phong shading model.

In 2000, Blinn was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to the technology of educational use of computer graphics and for expository articles.

He is credited with formulating Blinn's Law, which asserts that rendering time tends to remain constant, even as computers get faster. Animators prefer to improve quality, rendering more complex scenes with more sophisticated algorithms, rather than using less time to do the same work as before.

Biography
In 1970, he received his bachelor's degree in physics and communications science, and later a master's degree in engineering from the University of Michigan. In 1978 he received a Ph.D. in computer science from the College of Engineering at the University of Utah.

Blinn devised new methods to represent how objects and light interact in a three-dimensional virtual world, like environment mapping and bump mapping. He is well known for creating animation for three television series: Carl Sagan's Cosmos: A Personal Voyage; Project MATHEMATICS!; and the pioneering instructional graphics in The Mechanical Universe. His simulations of the Voyager spacecraft visiting Jupiter and Saturn have been seen widely.

Blinn was affiliated with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology until 1995. Thereafter, he joined Microsoft Research, where he was a graphics fellow until his retirement in 2009. Blinn also worked at the New York Institute of Technology.

Jim Blinn's Corner
From 1987 to 2007, Blinn wrote a column for IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications called "Jim Blinn's Corner". He wrote a total of 83 columns, most of which were reprinted in these books:
 * Blinn, James F.: Jim Blinn's Corner: Dirty Pixels, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., ISBN 1-55860-455-3
 * Blinn, James F.: Jim Blinn's Corner: A Trip Down The Graphics Pipeline, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., ISBN 1-55860-387-5
 * Blinn, James F.: Jim Blinn's Corner: Notation, Notation, Notation, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., ISBN 1-55860-860-5

Select publications

 * Blinn, James F.: Simulation of Wrinkled Surfaces, Computer Graphics, Vol. 12 (3), pp. 286–292 SIGGRAPH-ACM (August 1978)
 * Blinn, James F.: Texture and Reflection In Computer Generated Images, CACM, 19(10), October 1976, pp 542–547.
 * Blinn, James F.: Models of Light Reflection for Computer Synthesized Pictures, SIGGRAPH 77, pp 192–198.
 * Blinn, James F.: A Generalization of Algebraic Surface Drawing, ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(3), July 1982, pp 235–256.
 * Blinn, James F.: Light Reflection Functions for the Simulation of Clouds and Dusty Surfaces, SIGGRAPH 82, pp 21–29.

Awards

 * 1983, NASA Exceptional Service medal for Voyager Fly-by animation.
 * 1983, SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics Achievement Award.
 * 1989, IEEE Outstanding Contribution Award for Jim Blinn's Corner.
 * 1991, MacArthur Fellowship in recognition of and to allow continuation of his work in educational animation.
 * 1995, Honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degree from the Parsons School of Design for contributions to computer graphics.
 * 1999, Steven A. Coons Award for Outstanding Creative Contributions to Computer Graphics.
 * 2000, Elected to the National Academy of Engineering

title: Jim Blinn


text:
User:AC\TC

Haldo. As you clearly know unless your eyes lack the function of looking at what you are typing, you will probably have already gathered that I am called AC\TC. My real name, however, is MAX. Yes, you must spell it in all capitals. My parents didn't name me that way. I just decided that was a unique way to do it, so...yes. I'm always annoying my friends by telling them that they MUST spell it right!

....Come to think of it, I doubt anyone is actually visiting this very insignificant page...Man, I'm bored....*whistles* Screw this! I'm going to the squirrel park!

--AC\TC

TRAVIS WUZ HERE

title: User:AC\TC


text:
Clube de Regatas Brasil

Clube de Regatas Brasil, commonly referred to as CRB, is a Brazilian professional football club based in Maceió, Alagoas. It competes in the Série B, the second tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Alagoano, the top flight of the Alagoas state football league.

Founded on 20 September 1912, it plays in white and red shirts, shorts and socks. Its greatest rival is Centro Sportivo Alagoano (CSA),

History
The club was founded on 20 September 1912 by Lafaiete Pacheco, former member of Clube Alagoano de Regatas. He was dissatisfied with the precarious conditions of his former club. Aroldo Cardoso Zagallo, father of Mário Jorge Lobo Zagallo, worked at the club in 1913 as the football department boss.

Four years later, in 1916, CRB bought an estate in Pajuçara neighborhood and built its football field where is now Severiano Gomes Stadium.

Rivalries
CRB's greatest rival is CSA.

On 1 October 1939, CRB beat CSA 6–0, in what was the biggest win in the rivalry's history. The game was known as "Jogo da Sofia" (Sofia's game), which is a reference to a goat named Sofia and owned by CRB's forward Arlindo, as the goat is the number six animal in Jogo do Bicho.

Numbers of the derby
 * Games: 474
 * CRB wins: 171
 * Draws: 156
 * CSA wins: 148
 * CRB goals: 579
 * CSA goals: 606

Stadium
The club plays at Estádio Rei Pelé, which has a maximum capacity of 19,105 people and is named after Pelé.

National

 * Campeonato Brasileiro Série C:
 * Runners-up (1): 2011

Regional

 * Copa do Nordeste:
 * Runners-up (2): 1994, 2024
 * Torneio José Américo de Almeida Filho: 1
 * 1975

State

 * Campeonato Alagoano: 34
 * 1927, 1930, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1950, 1951, 1961, 1964, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1983, 1986, 1987, 1992, 1993, 1995, 2002, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2020, 2022, 2023, 2024

1910s and 1920s

 * 🇧🇷 Luís Toledo Pizza Sobrinho (1912–13)
 * 🇧🇷 João Viana de Souza (1913–14)
 * 🇧🇷 Casimiro Movilha (1914–15)
 * 🇧🇷 Homero Viegas (1915–17)
 * 🇧🇷 Pedro Lima (1917–18)
 * 🇧🇷 Ismael Acioli (1918–20)
 * 🇧🇷 Raul Brito (1920–25)
 * 🇧🇷 Pedro Oliveira Rocha (1925–26)
 * 🇧🇷 Armando Melo (1926–27)  (1927 – 1st title)
 * 🇧🇷 Pedro Lima (1927–28)
 * 🇧🇷 Juvêncio Lessa (1928–29)
 * 🇧🇷 Pedro Oliveira Rocha (1929–30)  (1930 – 2nd title)

1930s and 1940s

 * 🇧🇷 Raul Brito (1930–31)
 * 🇧🇷 Ismael Acioli (1931–32)
 * 🇧🇷 Dalmário Souza (1931–32)
 * 🇧🇷 Emílio de Maya (1933–34)
 * 🇧🇷 Pedro Claudino Duarte (1934–36)
 * 🇧🇷 Fábio Araújo (1936–39)
 * 🇧🇷 Mauro Paiva (1937–39)  (1937 – 3rd title / 1938 – 4th title)
 * 🇧🇷 Mário Gomes de Barros (1939–40)  (1939 – 5th title)
 * 🇧🇷 Rui Palmeira (1940–41)  (1940 – 6th title)
 * 🇧🇷 Jaques de Azevedo (1941–42)
 * 🇧🇷 Mauro Paiva (1942–43)
 * 🇧🇷 Aristides Torres (1943–44)
 * 🇧🇷 Paulo de Miranda Neto (1944–45)
 * 🇧🇷 Mauro Paiva (1945–47)
 * 🇧🇷 Gal. Mário de Carvalho Lima (1947–48)
 * 🇧🇷 Ulisses Marinho (1948–54)  (1950 – 7th title / 1951 – 8th title)

1950s and 1960s

 * 🇧🇷 Ulisses Marinho (1948–54)  (1950 – 7th title / 1951 – 8th title)
 * 🇧🇷 Luís Duda Calado (1954–55)
 * 🇧🇷 Djalma Loureiro (1955–56)
 * 🇧🇷 Roberto Castro (1956–57)
 * 🇧🇷 Aluizio Freitas Melro (1956–57)
 * 🇧🇷 Severiano Gomes Filho (1958–62)  (1961 – 9th title)
 * 🇧🇷 Oswaldo Gomes de Barros (1962–66)  (1964 – 10th title)
 * 🇧🇷 Severiano Gomes Filho (1966–67)
 * 🇧🇷 Walter Pitombo Laranjeiras (1967–68)
 * 🇧🇷 Divaldo Cavalcante Suruagy (1968–69)
 * 🇧🇷 Naftalli Edgar Setton (1969–70)  (1969 – 11th title)

1970s and 1980s

 * 🇧🇷 Oswaldo Gomes de Barros (1970–71)  (1970 – 12th title)
 * 🇧🇷 Luiz Renato de Paiva Lima (1971–73)  (1972 – 13th title / 1973 – 14th title)
 * 🇧🇷 Cláudio Regis (1973–74)
 * 🇵🇹 Fernando Azevedo D’Aldeia (1974–75)
 * 🇧🇷 Luiz Gonzaga Mendes de Barros (1975–76)
 * 🇧🇷 José Santana de Melo (1976–77)  (1976 – 15th title)
 * 🇧🇷 Afrânio Lages Filho (1977–79)  (1977 – 16th title / 1978 – 17th title / 1979 – 18th title)
 * 🇧🇷 José Otávio Moreira Filho (1979–82)
 * 🇧🇷 Oswaldo Gomes de Barros (1982–84)  (1983 – 19th title)
 * 🇧🇷 José de Medeiros Tavares (1984–85)
 * 🇧🇷 Waldemar Correia da Silva (1985–87)  (1985 – 20th title / 1986 – 21st title)
 * 🇧🇷 Carlos Alberto Fernande Antunes (1987–88)
 * 🇧🇷 José Luiz Malta Argolo (1988–89)
 * 🇧🇷 Walter Pitombo Laranjeiras (1989–90)

1990s and 2000s

 * 🇧🇷 Paulo Roberto Magalhães Nunes (1990–91)
 * 🇧🇷 Manoel Gomes de Barros (1991–92)  (1992 – 22nd title)
 * 🇧🇷 José Marcelo de Medeiros Rocha (1992–93)
 * 🇧🇷 Waldemar Correia da Silva (1993–94)  (1993 – 23rd title)
 * 🇧🇷 Flávio Gomes de Barros (1994–95)  (1995 – 24th title)
 * 🇧🇷 Walter Pitombo Laranjeiras (1995–98)
 * 🇧🇷 Wilton Antonio Figueiroa Lima (1998–99), (2007–08)
 * 🇧🇷 José Cabral da Rocha Barros (1999–04), (2006)  (2002 – 25th title)
 * 🇧🇷 Celso Luiz Tenório Brandão (2004–06)
 * 🇧🇷 Wilton Antônio Figueiroa Lima (2007–08)

title: Clube de Regatas Brasil


text:
Talk:KFMB

Hmm we also have KFMB-TV... --Kenyon 23:53, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:KFMB


text:
User talk:Khar

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 23:54, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Khar


text:
Bad (Michael Jackson song)

"Bad" is a song by the American singer-songwriter Michael Jackson. It was released by Epic Records on September 7, 1987, as the second single from his seventh studio album, Bad. The song was written and composed by Jackson, and produced by Jackson and Quincy Jones. It was influenced by a true story Jackson read about a young man who tried to escape poverty by attending private school but was killed upon returning home.

"Bad" received positive reviews, with some critics noting that "Bad" helped give Jackson an edgier image. It reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100, and remained there for two weeks, becoming the album's second number-one single, and Jackson's eighth number one entry on the chart. It also charted on the Hot R&B Singles, Hot Dance Club Play and Rhythmic chart at number one. "Bad" is certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It reached number one in Ireland, Norway, Spain and the Netherlands, and the top ten in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and several European countries.

The music video for "Bad" premiered in a TV special, Michael Jackson: The Magic Returns, on CBS during prime time on August 31, 1987. It was directed by Martin Scorsese and co-starred Wesley Snipes in one of his first appearances. The video, inspired in part by the film West Side Story, shows Jackson and a group of gangsters portraying a street gang dancing in a subway station, set at the Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets station. It has been praised by critics as an iconic and one of the greatest videos of all time; Jackson's outfit has been recognized as an influence on fashion.

Background and inspiration
Michael Jackson wrote and recorded "Bad" in 1986. It was co-produced by Jackson and Quincy Jones, and included on his seventh studio album, Bad, in 1987.

Jackson planned to duet on "Bad" with Prince, but Prince declined the invitation; in a later interview, Prince said: "The first line of that song is 'your butt is mine'. Then I said 'Who's going to sing that to who?' ... because you sure aren't singing that to me, and I sure ain't singing it to you." Prince instead submitted his song "Wouldn't You Love To Love Me", but Jackson rejected it, so it was instead given to Taja Sevelle.

In Jackson's 1988 autobiography Moonwalk, Jackson wrote:

"'Bad' is a song about the street. It's about this kid from a bad neighborhood who gets to go away to a private school. He comes back to the old neighborhood when he's on a break from school and the kids from the neighborhood start giving him trouble. He sings, 'I'm bad, you're bad, who's bad, who's the best?' He's saying when you're strong and good, then you're bad."

In a 1988 interview with Ebony and Jet magazines, Jackson said he was inspired by a true story that he had read about in either Time or Newsweek. Jackson stated that the story was about a student who went to school in upstate New York, who was "from the ghetto", had tried to make something of his life and planned to leave all of his friends behind when he returned from Thanksgiving break. He added that the student's friends' jealousy resulted in them killing the student; Jackson stated that the student's death was not included in the music video. Various Jackson biographers have concluded that the story he was referring was that of Edmund Perry. However, Perry was not killed by kids in his neighborhood; he was killed by a plainclothes police officer when Perry and his brother allegedly attacked and badly beat the officer in a mugging attempt.

Composition
The song is written in the key of B♭ minor with a time signature in common time. The pitch is raised almost a quarter of a whole tone from standard pitch, A440 Hz, up to circa A454 Hz. Jackson's vocal range spans from A♭3 to B♭ 5. The track has a tempo of 114 beats per minute. The main bassline is based in the pentatonic blues scale.

"Bad" was viewed as a revived "Hit the Road Jack" progression. Davitt Sigerson wrote in Rolling Stone magazine, "When Jackson declares that 'the whole world has to answer right now,' he is not boasting but making a statement of fact regarding his extraordinary stardom. If anything, he is scorning the self-coronation of lesser funk royals and inviting his fickle public to spurn him if it dare." Sigerson compared the track to material by James Brown, whose "It's a Man's Man's Man's World" is openly referenced by the four chromatic note brass introduction to the song. Lyrically, "Bad" pertains to proving to people that you are tough by boasting, with Jackson asking "who's bad?"

Chart performance
"Bad" charted within the top ten, at number eight, on the Billboard Hot 100 on October 10, 1987 and peaked at number one on October 24, 1987. "Bad" stayed at the top position for two consecutive weeks. "Bad" was Jackson's Bad album's second number one single on the Billboard Hot 100, and Jackson's eighth number one entry on the chart. The track also charted on the Billboard Hot R&B Singles and Billboard Hot Dance Club Play at number one. "Bad" was commercially successful internationally, generally charting within the top ten, and reaching the top position on some charts. "Bad" debuted at number five on the United Kingdom charts on September 26, 1987. The following week, the song charted at its peak position of number three, where it remained for two weeks. "Bad" remained within the chart's top ten positions for four weeks, and charted within the top 100 for a total of eleven weeks in 1987. "Bad" peaked at number five on Canadian music charts on November 7, 1987. "Bad" peaked at number four in Sweden on October 14, 1987. The song spent four weeks within the chart's top ten. On October 3, "Bad" debuted at number nine in France, and after six weeks of charting within the top ten, the song peaked at number four on November 14. "Bad" debuted on New Zealand music charts at number four on October 18, and the following week moved to its peak position of number two. The song then stayed within the top ten for the next five weeks. The track charted within the top fifty positions for fifteen weeks in 1987 and 1988.

The song also charted at number two in Norway in the thirty-ninth week of 1987, and charted within the top ten positions for eight weeks in 1987. The song was also very successful on the Australian music charts, peaking at number four. "Bad" debuted on Austrian charts at number ten on November 1, 1987. The following week the song charted out of the top ten and the next week returned to the top ten at number nine, which was its peak position. The song debuted at number eighty-seven in Dutch on September 9, 1987. The following week, the song moved up to number eleven, which was seventy-three positions higher than its previous week. The song peaked at number one, and remained at the top position for two consecutive weeks. In 2006, Jackson's music re-entered charts following his music being re-issued for his Visionary album. The track entered Spanish charts for the first time on April 4, 2006, and debuted at the top position. "Bad" remained within the top twenty positions for nine consecutive weeks. The song debuted at its peak position at number five in Italy on April 6. After Jackson's death in June 2009, his music re-entered charts again worldwide. In July, the track peaked at number eleven in Italy, number twenty in Spain, number twenty-five in Sweden, number thirty-seven in Denmark and number forty in the United Kingdom.

Critical reception
"Bad" was well received by contemporary music critics. Some critics noted that the song helped Jackson's image become more edgy. Davitt Sigerson, a writer for Rolling Stone magazine, commented that the track" needs no "defense" and he generally praised Jackson's vocal performance in the song. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic listed "Bad", along with two other songs from the album, as being top picks from the album's eleven tracks. In separate review of the song, Erlewine commented that Jackson's vocals "sounded like [he was] the love child of James Brown and Mavis Staples" and added that "musically speaking, in this case, 'Bad' is very good". He also noted that the track's "authority and boasting helped to humanize" Jackson and "changed his image", remarking that it was "fun hearing him talking trash and being his own bigger booster". Jennifer Clay of Yahoo Music noted that while Jackson's new edgier image was a "little hard to swallow", the image worked musically on the album's songs "Bad", "Man in the Mirror", and "Dirty Diana".

Music video
The full music video for "Bad" is an 18-minute short film written by novelist and screenwriter Richard Price, shot by Michael Chapman, and directed by Martin Scorsese. The video was shot in Brooklyn over a 6-week period during November and December 1986. The video has many references to the 1961 film West Side Story, especially the "Cool" sequence. The video used a different version of the song as opposed to the commercially released version. This version, using a different organ solo in the middle, hasn't been commercially released as of yet.

In the video, Jackson portrays a teenager named Darryl, who has just completed a term at an expensive private school. He returns to the city and takes the subway back to his neglected neighborhood. Darryl finds his home empty, but is later greeted by his old gang-friends, led by "Mini Max" (a then mostly unknown Wesley Snipes). At first, relations are friendly but slightly awkward, as the gang starts to realize how much Darryl has changed and how uncomfortable he has become with their criminal activities. Darryl later takes the gang to the subway station (Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets in Brooklyn) in an attempt to show them that he is still "bad" by attempting to rob an elderly man. He has a change of heart at the last minute and Max chastises him, telling Darryl he is no longer bad. With Darryl provoked, the video then cuts to him and a group of street youths dancing while he sings the song "Bad". Darryl insists that Max is headed for a fall which is nearly Darryl's undoing. Eventually, Max accepts that Darryl is better off without him and leaves him in peace after a final handshake.

The video was not commercially released until it was included in the video albums; Video Greatest Hits – HIStory (long version on DVD and short version in VHS), Number Ones (short version), Michael Jackson's Vision (long version) and the Target version DVD of Bad 25 (short version). The full video was introduced in a TV special, Michael Jackson: The Magic Returns, on Primetime, a CBS television show on August 31, 1987. The full video won awards at various prestigious award ceremonies including Favorite Single (Soul/R&B) at the American Music Awards and Biggest Selling Album by a Male Soloist in the UK from the Guinness Book of World Records. The video has been praised by critics as one of the most iconic and greatest videos of all time; Jackson's outfit has been cited as an influence on fashion.

After Jackson's death in June 2009, Letitia James, of the New York City Council, began trying to convince the agency to rename or co-name the Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets station or to hang a plaque at the station in Jackson's honor. However, her request was denied by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority in September 2009. James commented, "Having Michael Jackson visit and moonwalk at this station was a huge deal not only for Brooklyn, but all of New York in the '80s ... And renaming this station in his honor would put it on the map and help ensure that people don't forget." A source from the MTA commented that no subway stations in the MTA system are named or co-named after individuals, mostly because it could confuse riders. The MTA also declined to put a plaque in the station, due to MTA guidelines forbidding such a thing.

Choreography
The video's choreographers Jackson, Jeffrey Daniel, and Gregg Burge were influenced by West Side Story when designing the dance routines but wanted to keep the scene more contemporary and incorporated the "moonwalk" into the movements. Assistant choreographer Jeffrey Daniel commented, "It's like a train coming across the screen ... and that's the effect I was looking for and it worked". The music video received a nomination for choreography at the 1988 MTV Video Music Awards Ceremony. The video for "Bad" and Michael Jackson's "The Way You Make Me Feel" video were both nominated for Best Choreography. However, Janet Jackson's video "The Pleasure Principle" won the award.

Live performances
"Bad" was performed during Jackson's Bad world tour concert series from 1987 to 1989, in both the first and second leg, as the final song in the first leg and sixteenth song in the second leg in the setlist. The song was also included on the first leg only of Jackson's Dangerous World Tour. A live version of the song at Wembley 1988 and Yokohama 1987 are available on the DVD Live at Wembley July 16, 1988.

Covers and parodies
In 1987, UK actor and comedian Lenny Henry made a spoof of this song and gave it a title "Mad".

"Weird Al" Yankovic recorded a parody of the song, titled "Fat", for his 1988 album Even Worse. Jackson granted Yankovic permission to film the music video for "Fat" on the same subway set from the "Bad" music video.

In 1989, John Oswald released an expanded version of his original Plunderphonics album containing "Bad", cut up, layered, and rearranged as "Dab". In 1990, notice was given to Oswald by the Canadian Recording Industry Association on behalf of several of their clients that all undistributed copies of Plunderphonics be destroyed under threat of legal action.

The American TV series Glee did a Michael Jackson tribute episode in 2012 titled "Michael", which included an a cappella version of "Bad" featuring the Beelzebubs as part of The Warblers. This cover debuted and peaked at number 80 at Billboard Hot 100, number 48 at Billboard Digital Songs, number 90 at Billboard Canadian Hot 100, and number 29 at Billboard Adult Pop Songs chart at the week of February 18, 2012.

In February 2018, Billie Eilish covered the song with her brother Finneas O'Connell for Like a Version.

Track listings and formats

 * United Kingdom 7" single
 * 1) "Bad" (7" single mix) – 4:06
 * 2) "Bad" (dance remix radio edit) – 4:54

 * United Kingdom 12" single
 * 1) "Bad" – 4:06
 * 2) "Bad" (dance extended mix includes "false fade") – 8:24
 * 3) "Bad" (dub version) – 4:05
 * 4) "Bad" (a cappella) – 3:49

 * United States / Europe 7" single
 * 1) "Bad" – 4:06
 * 2) "I Can't Help It" – 4:28

 * United States CD single
 * 1) "Bad" (dance extended mix; includes "false fade") – 8:24
 * 2) "Bad" (7" single mix) – 4:06
 * 3) "Bad" (dance remix radio edit) – 4:54
 * 4) "Bad" (dub version) – 4:05
 * 5) "Bad" (a cappella) – 3:49

 * Visionary single
 * CD side
 * 1) "Bad" (7" single mix) – 4:06
 * 2) "Bad" ("false fade" dance extended mix) – 8:22

 * DVD side
 * 1) "Bad" (music video (short version)) – 4:20
 * 2) "Bad" (music video) – 18:06

Official versions

 * Album version – 4:06
 * 7" single mix (new album version, without brass on first part) – 4:06
 * Dance extended mix includes "false fade" – 8:23
 * Dance remix radio edit – 4:56
 * Dub version – 4:06
 * A cappella – 3:49
 * Afrojack club mix – 7:36
 * Afrojack remix featuring Pitbull DJ Buddha Edit – 4:31
 * "Remember the Time"/"Bad" (Immortal version) – 4:39

Personnel

 * Written, composed, vocal arrangement and co-produced by Michael Jackson
 * Produced by Quincy Jones
 * Michael Jackson: solo and background vocals
 * Jimmy Smith: Hammond B3 Midi organ solo
 * Greg Phillinganes: synthesizer solo
 * John Robinson: drums
 * Douglas Getschal: drum programming
 * David Williams: guitar

 * Kim Hutchcroft, Larry Williams: saxophones
 * Gary Grant, Jerry Hey: trumpets
 * Paulinho Da Costa: percussion
 * Christopher Currell: Synclavier keyboards, digital guitar, rubboard
 * John Barnes, Michael Boddicker, Greg Phillinganes: synthesizers
 * Rhythm arrangement by Michael Jackson, Christopher Currell and Quincy Jones
 * Horn arrangement by Jerry Hey

2012 remix
A remix of "Bad" featuring Afrojack, DJ Buddha and Pitbull was produced for the 2012 Bad 25 album reissue. It was made available as a digital single prior to the album's release, via iTunes and Amazon.com on August 14, 2012.

Track listing

 * Digital single
 * 1) "Bad" (Afrojack Remix) feat. Pitbull [DJ Buddha Edit] – 4:29

 * HMV exclusive CD single (HMV Bad 25 pre-order only bonus CD)
 * 1) "Bad" (Afrojack Remix) feat. Pitbull [The Derry Mix] – 3:54

Chart performance
Re-titled as "Bad 2012", the single appeared on several countries' music charts, including debuting at number 52 on the Billboard Japan Hot 100 chart, in the week of September 15, 2012, and peaking at number 6 several weeks later. It also appeared on the US Billboard Dance/Electronic Digital Songs Chart at number 45 for one week on September 1, 2012. On the week of September 29, 2012, it debuted on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart at number 42, and peaked at number 18.

Critical reception
This remix received overwhelmingly negative reviews from music critics. Randall Roberts of the Los Angeles Times wrote that the remixes on Bad 25 were "terrible... and are an insult to MJ's memory not because they rework his music, but because they do it so ungracefully." Evan Sawdey from PopMatters said "Afrojack has two remixes of 'Bad' here, obviously trying to make the song sound like it belongs on modern-day radio (one of them, with two guest verses from Pitbull, is just outright trash)." MisterCharlie from SupaJam.com also gave it an extremely negative review. The Guardian's review said it was "a clubbed-up remix featuring the world's worst rapper."

title: Bad (Michael Jackson song)