text:
Talk:Gowanus Canal

Getting to featured
This article nearly made it to featured on its submit to FAC; I think a few relatively small improvements could ensure an easy and successful resubmit.

 * The purview of this article should be a little clearer; exactly how far should it go beyond the canal to cover the surrounding neighborhood?
 * As it stands now, the article addresses not only the canal itself, but also the industry and community around it. I think the latter is just as interesting, if not more.

 * Association with the mob and body dumping- is it real or just urban legend? (but even urban legend deserves to be covered)
 * I added some references to books and documentaries that expand on this a little bit more. This is one of those things that most likely did happen, but is perpetuated as an "urban legend" today.

 * Modern community development- the "cruises", the Canoe Dredgers, artists etc. (I'd also like to have more on that funeral director's ideas)
 * I added links to the Gowanus Canoe Dredgers, the Urban Divers, and Gowanus Artists, as well as mentioned them in the article. --Howrealisreal 21:37, 4 February 2006 (UTC)
 * What about references to the Canal in pop culture, etc? For example, They Might Be Giants references it in their Venue Song "Brooklyn" singing, "Let's celebrate Brooklyn now, even the Gowanus Canal."72.130.21.164 23:35, 11 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Waterfront infrastructure context- piers, Erie Basin and Atlantic Basin (I'll be submitting a new short article on Atlantic Basin soon.)
 * The introduction should probably be somewhat longer; this would also solve the problem of the canal crossings image.
 * I've heard that the canal once acting as a definite border between the Irish and Italian neighborhoods; how else has it acted as a border rather than a means of connection?
 * barge activity - I think the last vestige has been regular semi-weekly oil shipments in recent years

These are just some semi-random ideas; what do others think?--Pharos 21:23, 9 May 2005 (UTC)

I think the article could be greatly improved if the lede mentioned its length and width at its widest point.Frank Lynch (talk) 18:55, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

 * The Gowanus Canal Legend question and answers see http://brooklyn.about.com/od/historicbrooklyn/tp/Gowanus-Canal-Truth-Or-Fiction-That-Bodies-Were-Dumped-Here.htm — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.83.72.154 (talk) 18:32, 10 November 2013 (UTC)

Refinery?
I bicycled over the canal this afternoon on the 9th Street bridge, on my way from Flatbush to the Columbia Street Pier and Plymouth Church. Oil refinery? I don't recall seeing one anywhere in NYC, much less one between Sunset Park and Red Hook. There's an oil terminal or two, if not on the canal then less than a mile to the southwest, but they just pump fuel out of barges and pump it into trucks. There's no fractionating column, catalytic reactor or other sign of a refinery. Jim.henderson 01:50, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

GA Re-Review and In-line citations
Members of the WikiProject Good articles are in the process of doing a re-review of current Good Article listings to ensure compliance with the standards of the Good Article Criteria. (Discussion of the changes and re-review can be found here). A significant change to the GA criteria is the mandatory use of some sort of in-line citation (In accordance to WP:CITE) to be used in order for an article to pass the verification and reference criteria. Currently this article does not include in-line citations. It is recommended that the article's editors take a look at the inclusion of in-line citations as well as how the article stacks up against the rest of the Good Article criteria. GA reviewers will give you at least a week's time from the date of this notice to work on the in-line citations before doing a full re-review and deciding if the article still merits being considered a Good Article or would need to be de-listed. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact us on the Good Article project talk page or you may contact me personally. On behalf of the Good Articles Project, I want to thank you for all the time and effort that you have put into working on this article and improving the overall quality of the Wikipedia project. LuciferMorgan 02:45, 13 December 2006 (UTC)
 * As best I could I revised to use in-line citations. --Howrealisreal 21:49, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

Gasoline manufactured
I notice the reference to oil refineries has disappeared, but the article still has a link to gas meaning gasoline. Isn't this improbable in a place that never had regular freight rail service? Bayonne makes gasoline, or formerly made it, but Bayonne has rail freight. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Jim.henderson (talk • contribs) 04:48, 6 January 2007 (UTC).

 * Must mean the three manufactured gas plants (syngas) that were on the Gowanus. The Metropolitan Gas Light Company site is the current Lowe's and Pathmark. The Citizen Works parcel is the "Public Place" site (between Huntington, Smith, 4th Street, and the canal); a housing development has been proposed for this space. The Fulton Municipal Gas Company site is the Thomas Greene Park and playground. These are pretty much brownfields now and there's debate about the past and ongoing remediation efforts. --Howrealisreal 23:21, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

Coordinates
geodata-check

Please note that the coordinates in this article need fixing as 40° 40′ 22.8″ S, 106° 0′ 10.8″ E is in the ocean W/SW of Australia, not New York City —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.166.212.215 (talk • contribs)

 * Coordinates in the article are currently at 40.673°N, -73.997°W. This is in New York.
 * 40° 40′ 22.8″ S, 106° 0′ 10.8″ E are the Antipodes, you must have clicked on that link on the geohack page. -- User:Docu

Color
Aww ... someone took out the sentence about groups trying to develop the Gowanus into a Venice of New York and that it was led by a funeral director. It was colorful and (knowing NYC's notorious real estate mongers) might even be partly true. Angry bee (talk) 04:33, 13 March 2011 (UTC)

Updates to flushing tunnel
i'll try to update the article, but at leas wanted to get this noted.

NytImes ran an article on upcoming improvements to the Flushing Tunnel and the pump system that have the potential to further increase water quality. Link here:

NY times 2011-02-23 Thanks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.72.162.118 (talk) 06:15, 6 May 2011 (UTC)

Film
There is an franco-german film about this part of the harbour:
 * Claudia Müller, Claudia Steinberg (Dir.): New York - Stadt am Wasser. De, 2012, 44 Min

Look at the mediathek: [http://www.arte.tv/guide/de/047497-000/new-york-stadt-am-wasser Info des produz. Senders] arte.tv, 2015 jan. --Asdfj2 (talk) 17:30, 8 January 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Gowanus Canal. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20061108111448/http://www.global-habitat.net/ to http://www.global-habitat.net/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:26, 22 May 2017 (UTC)

The canal arose in the mid-19th century from local tidal wetlands and freshwater streams.
“What a piece of work is Man, How noble in style! How like a god, or an angel....” And how abject is the ungrammatical mess a colleague left behind as the foundational sentence of the article. I’ don’ matter none, whether its creator was the first, or a later, editor of the article, bcz it’s terminally ambiguous in syntax. Nor does matter how long it’s festered here. A tireless editor has come across it. Either of us may breath its last before the other, but the strugqgle is worthy of the candel that ‘twill take. --JerzyA (talk) 22:43, 16 May 2020 (UTC)

Design post superfund site clean-up
https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/framework-for-gowanus-canal-consolidates-years-of-visions?utm_source=Next+City+Newsletter&utm_campaign=a836de59f9-Issue_273&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_fcee5bf7a0-a836de59f9-43969129

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 6 external links on Gowanus Canal. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20170110020116/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20160801/gowanus/gowanus-rezoning-on-table-again-as-city-launches-planning-study to https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20160801/gowanus/gowanus-rezoning-on-table-again-as-city-launches-planning-study
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20171026053948/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20171025/gowanus/gowanus-canal-superfund-cleanup to https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20171025/gowanus/gowanus-canal-superfund-cleanup
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20170104235911/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20150416/gowanus/city-building-90-curbside-gardens-help-clean-gowanus-canal to https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20150416/gowanus/city-building-90-curbside-gardens-help-clean-gowanus-canal
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20170106173230/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20160229/gowanus/52-million-project-reduce-gowanus-flooding-begin-soon to https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20160229/gowanus/52-million-project-reduce-gowanus-flooding-begin-soon
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20161027164606/http://gothamist.com/2013/10/13/photos_my_canoe_ride_on_the_toxic_g.php to http://gothamist.com/2013/10/13/photos_my_canoe_ride_on_the_toxic_g.php
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151223123327/http://gothamist.com/2007/04/19/brooklyns_sludg.php to http://gothamist.com/2007/04/19/brooklyns_sludg.php

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:09, 3 November 2017 (UTC)

Great job
This article is really well done. It should be a Featured Article! Yoninah (talk) 21:37, 19 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I can't do it now, because I'm going to be busy until September, but I'll probably think about nominating it as soon as I can afterward. epicgenius (talk) 23:53, 19 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Congratulations on doing such a great job and sticking with it to get it to GA! Mary Mark Ockerbloom (talk) 00:47, 24 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Thanks! I thought your expansions of the article last year were good, too. It probably wouldn't have been able to reach GA without these additions. epicgenius (talk) 01:11, 24 July 2018 (UTC)

List of deaths, suicide attempts, people saved, etc.
While I appreciate the effort put into this section, I just removed it from this page. It is a pretty long list of deaths, suicide attempts, and other incidents in the canal (and this only spans 1882-1921!). Per WP:NOTTRIVIA, we really shouldn't be including this list of incidents here, and we don't need to list each and every single person who jumped in the canal, or drowned, or was rescued. It tends to attract unnecessary trivia and many of these news articles are short one-sentence mentions.

Below are the list entries that I removed. Feel free to discuss each incident on a case by case basis; if it's notable, it can be restored. epicgenius (talk) 19:32, 14 February 2019 (UTC)

List of incidents that were removed

 * 1882 at an ungiven date a woman is reported to have unsuccessfully tried to commit suicide by jumping into the Gowanus Canal;
 * May 10,1892 Canal boat "Alpha" sunk in canal with a cargo of coal.
 * July 24, 1900 a man is rescued after he tried to commit suicide by jumping into the canal.
 * December 31, 1903: a dredge found sunk in canal; an unnamed engineer/nightwatchman missing and believed drowned on board
 * December 2,1904 unknown John Doe found dead in canal
 * February 8. 1905 a Policeman rescues a man who had fallen into the canal.
 * December 19,1908 Missing man from New Jersey found dead in canal
 * December 9 1920 NYPD Officer Daniel Grennan accidentally drowned in the canal
 * July 25, 1921 car accidentally drove into the canal; car and two deceased occupants recovered
 * Feb 14, 1983 a former basketball player/taxi driver dies after accidently driving into Gowanus Canal

Major edits, September 13, 2019
I reverted this edit that was made today. On the whole, this entire edit needs discussion because it is trying to cram many major changes into a single edit. Since this is a good article, i think any major rearrangement of the article should be discussed here first.

Here are my objections in particular:
 * The proposed lead is too detailed and yet it fails to cover many of the major aspects of the article.
 * There are six lead paragraphs, yet the first lead paragraph is only one sentence about its geographical location. The text Once a vital cargo transportation hub, the canal has seen decreasing use since the mid-20th century, parallel with the decline of domestic waterborne shipping. It continues to be used for occasional movement of goods and daily navigation of small boats, tugs and barges. - this provides vital context to the rest of the article - has been removed.
 * The lead contains excessive detail about the history, with numerous syntax/grammatical errors. For instance, In 1848, the Brooklyn Common Council issues an engineering report in conjunction with plans by Daniel Richards for the drainage of 1700 acres of land between Brooklyn’s Court-Street and the Fifth-Avenue, Warren-Street and Gowanus Bay. The plan authorized construction for a 100 foot wide, 1.5 mile long canal, with the banks of the canal set at 4-feet above high water level with a canal depth of 5-feet below low water mark. In this way the upland “meadows will gradually become more firm”. The goal of the development scheme was to have an engineered drainage basin which would allow for building on the upland meadows and provide a navigable water way which would serve as the end of the New York State Erie canal transportation route. If this text is included at all, it should really be included in the "History" section. At most, the lead would have one section.
 * There are four paragraphs, out of six, devoted to history. I don't think this is an appropriate representation as it gives undue weight to the history of the canal.
 * The references in the body sections are being removed and replaced with direct external links, in violation of External links. Example: By the 1990s, it was recognized as one of the most polluted bodies of water in the United States. And after of century of local community activism calling for the cleanup of the canal, in 2009, New York State invited the federal EPA in to assess the situation. With overwhelming community support, the EPA designated the Gowanus Canal a Superfund site in 2010. In 2013 the EPA issues a Record of Decision, a court order which delineates what the polluting parties must do to remediate the situation. Again, this has a lot of tense problems.
 * I am concerned that the editor in question,, may have a conflict of interest. The following text was added: Following the conclusion of the DEP USA Project study, a group of stakeholders formed an activist civic organization, Friends & Residents of Greater Gowanus (FROGG). In 2006 FROGG, acting in conjunction with Community Board 6, submitted a grant application to New York State for Brownfield cleanup planning grant for "Gowanus Canal Corridor AQUATIC BROWNFIELD & UPLAND BROWNFIELD AREA".
 * I think the removal of the text about EPA cuts in 2017 needs to be discussed. There was no discussion of the removal of sourced content in here. epicgenius (talk) 15:50, 13 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the thoughtful post. I'm inclined to agree with you.  About the direct external links, you're right, but that's not a big deal, in the sense that it's easy to fix.  About the other stuff, yes, changes of this magnitude should be discussed here first.   Hello.  I see that Epicgenius has already posted on your user talk page about conflict of interest.  Such editing by involved parties is allowed, but generally discouraged.  The "conflict" is that if you have a stake in the subject matter -- a dog in the fight, so to speak -- then it's harder to make changes to the article that are neutral and objective, which is the goal on Wikipedia.  — Mudwater (Talk) 00:08, 14 September 2019 (UTC)

Featured picture scheduled for POTD
Hello! This is to let editors know that File:Union Street_Gowanus_New_York_October_2021_panorama_1.jpg, a featured picture used in this article, has been selected as the English Wikipedia's picture of the day (POTD) for July 31, 2024. A preview of the POTD is displayed below and can be edited at Template:POTD/2024-07-31. For the greater benefit of readers, any potential improvements or maintenance that could benefit the quality of this article should be done before its scheduled appearance on the Main Page. If you have any concerns, please place a message at Wikipedia talk:Picture of the day. Thank you! — Amakuru (talk) 12:45, 19 July 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Gowanus Canal


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/765,000 volt power transmission line

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete (blk-cmp error). – ABCD 23:01, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

765,000 volt power transmission line
Delete. Not encylopediac as written, not even accurate, and could easily be replaced with a paragraph in the AC transmission article. No-one will search for this title. Nothing links to it. --Wtshymanski 03:03, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete 765,000 volt power transmission line, and merge contents with electric power transmission. Nothing links to this article (other than the link I just made and any others in VfD process) so nothing to redirect.  Gene Nygaard 03:18, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and delete as per Gene Nygaard Dsmdgold 12:44, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete it even contradicts itself, as a 1.2 MV line would carry a higher voltage, as such 765kV wouldn't be the highest voltage line. No need to merge this imo, it would lower the standard of the other article. --Hooloovoo 15:51, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This info is not worth merging. Dave the Red (talk) 17:58, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect; you have to keep as a redirect after merging for GFDL compliance. --SPUI (talk) 04:00, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Probably simplest to just delete, then. The first sentence is wrong and is contradicted by the last sentence. --Wtshymanski 22:48, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * delete no content worth merging and redirecting; all key useful content is already there in Electric power transmission Mozzerati 18:42, 2005 Apr 10 (UTC)
 * Delete, nothing useful to merge, no redirect necessary. --TenOfAllTrades | Talk 23:12, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no redirect unless we want redirects of the type 766,000 volt power transmission lines. Sjakkalle 13:23, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Thelxinoe (moon)

pronunciation
Segmental pronunciation is almost certainly thel-zi-noh-ee, but the placement of the stress is unknown: Either thel-zin'-oh-ee or thel'-zi-noh'-ee. --kwami 03:04, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Based on Arsinoë (Αρσινόη) ar-sin'-oh-ee, Theonoë (Θεονόη) thee-on'-oh-ee, etc., I'd expect Thelxinoë (Θελξινόη) to also have the stress on the antepenult: thel-zin'-oh-ee. --kwami 01:27, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm taking the question mark out. The pronunciation has not been confirmed, but standard stress rules would place the stress on the antepenult, and I expect this name is too rare to be irregular. --kwami 01:56, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I get pronouncing the x as a z, but isn't the h also silent? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.10.7.131 (talk) 20:40, 26 January 2015 (UTC)
 * It's not a /z/ but a /ks/ in English, as the x is not initial. (I see the article is correct now.) A silent h would produce the aspirated /th/ that was the ancient pronunciation of theta, but the common English pronunciation of words borrowed from Greek would use /θ/ as we have. Double sharp (talk) 04:07, 29 June 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thelxinoe (moon)


text:
Sükhbaataryn Yanjmaa

Sükhbaataryn Yanjmaa (Сүхбаатарын Янжмаа, spelled Sykebaatariin Janƶimaa between 1931 and 1941, ; born Nemendeyen Yanjmaa, Нэмэндэен Янжмаа; 15 February 1893 – 1 May 1962) was a Mongolian politician. As Chairwoman of the Presidium of the State Great Khural, she became the second woman in history to be a non-hereditary head of state after Khertek Anchimaa-Toka of Tannu Tuva, and the first in a sovereign country. She was the widow of Mongolian revolutionary leader Damdin Sükhbaatar.

Life
Yanjmaa was born on February 15, 1893, into a poor herding family near present-day Ulaanbaatar. She worked for Sükhbaatar's revolutionary group as a messenger in 1919 and when her husband travelled to the Soviet Union in 1920 to establish contact with Bolshevik revolutionaries, Yanjmaa stayed behind in Ulaanbaatar with their son, evading capture from Chinese officials hunting down subversives. In 1921 Khorloogiin Choibalsan helped her and her son flee to Kyakhta to be reunited with Sükhbaatar.

After her husband led Mongolian partisans to victory in the Outer Mongolian Revolution of 1921, Yanjmaa became a member of the Mongolian Revolutionary Youth League (MYRL). When Sükhbaatar died in 1923, she adopted "Sükhbaataryn" in place of her patronymic Nemedeyen and joined the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) a year later in 1924. As a member of the party Central Committee and of the Presidium of the Central Committee, she represented the MPRP at the Third International Conference of Communist Women (where she met Clara Zetkin and Nadezhda Krupskaya) and the Fifth World Congress of the Comintern in Moscow, both in 1924. She was involved in the creation of Mongolia's first trade union in 1925. From 1927 to 1930 she studied at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East in Moscow. In 1933 Yanjmaa headed the newly created women's section of the MPRP Central Committee where she focused on developing women's education.

From 1940 until 1954, Yanjmaa served on the MPRP politburo and was Secretary of the party's Central Committee from 1941 until 1947. She was a member of the Presidium of the Little Khural (the executive committee of the State Great Khural, or Parliament) from 1940 to 1950. During World War II Yanjmaa helped raise funds to support the Soviet Union for which she was awarded the Soviet Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1946. In 1945 she was elected a member of the Women's International Democratic Federation (WIDF).

Yanjmaa was a member of the People's Great Khural from 1950 to 1962. Following the death of Gonchigiin Bumtsend, she became acting President of Mongolia for the transitional period, lasting from 23 September 1953 until 8 July 1954. This made her the second woman in the role of formal head of state of a republic, after Khertek Anchimaa-Toka in the Tuvan People's Republic.

title: Sükhbaataryn Yanjmaa


text:
Enlightenment in Spain

The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment (Ilustración) came to Spain in the 18th century with the new Bourbon dynasty, following the death of the last Habsburg monarch, Charles II, in 1700. The period of reform and 'enlightened despotism' under the eighteenth-century Bourbons focused on centralizing and modernizing the Spanish government, and improvement of infrastructure, beginning with the rule of King Charles III and the work of his minister, José Moñino, count of Floridablanca. In the political and economic sphere, the crown implemented a series of changes, collectively known as the Bourbon reforms, which were aimed at making the overseas empire more prosperous to the benefit of Spain.

The Enlightenment in Spain sought the expansion of scientific knowledge, which had been urged by Benedictine monk Benito Feijóo. From 1777 to 1816, the Spanish crown funded scientific expeditions to gather information about the potential botanical wealth of the empire. When Prussian scientist Alexander von Humboldt proposed a self-funded scientific expedition to Spanish America, the Spanish crown accorded him not only permission, but the instructions to crown officials to aid him. Spanish scholars sought to understand the decline of the Spanish empire from its earlier glory days, with the aim of reclaiming its former prestige. In Spanish America, the Enlightenment also had an impact in the intellectual and scientific sphere, with elite American-born Spanish men involved in these projects. The Napoleonic invasion of the Iberian peninsula was enormously destabilizing for Spain and the Spanish overseas empire. The ideas of the Hispanic Enlightenment have been seen as a major contributor to the Spanish American wars of independence, although the situation is more complex.

Bourbon Spain
The French Bourbons had a strong claim on the Spanish throne following the death of the last Habsburg monarch, Charles II, who died without an heir in 1700. After the War of the Spanish Succession, the Bourbon dynasty was to rule the Spanish crown, on the concession to their enemies that the Spanish and French crowns were never merged, and the cession of Spanish possessions elsewhere in Europe. Once they consolidated rule in Spain, the Bourbon monarchs embarked upon a series of reforms to revitalize the Spanish empire, which had significantly declined in power in the late Habsburg era. The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment had a strong impact in Spain and a ripple effect in Spanish American Enlightenment in Spain's overseas empire. Despite the general anticlerical tendencies of the Enlightenment, Spain and Spanish America held Roman Catholicism as a core identity. When French forces under Napoleon Bonaparte invaded the Iberian peninsula and placed Napoleon's brother Joseph on the throne of Spain, there was a crisis of legitimacy in both Spain and its overseas empire. The Cortes of Cádiz, which served as a democratic Regency after Ferdinand VII was deposed, ratified a liberal constitution in 1812, limiting the power of the monarchy constitutionally as well as the power of the Catholic Church. Ferdinand VII claimed he supported the liberal constitutions, but once restored to power in 1814, he renounced it and reverted to unfettered absolutist rule. In most parts of Spanish America during the Napoleonic period in Spain, wars of independence broke out, so that by the time Bourbon Ferdinand VII was restored to the throne in 1814, much of Spanish America had achieved independence and established constitutional republics. New Spain (Mexico) and Peru were the exceptions, becoming independent in 1821 (Mexico) and 1824 (Peru). Mexico briefly had a monarchy under royalist military officer turned insurgent Agustín de Iturbide, who was overthrown in favor of a federated republic under the Constitution of 1824.

The Enlightenment in Spain
The ideas of the Enlightenment in France came to Spain following the establishment of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain in 1715, with the end of the War of the Spanish Succession. In Spain, as elsewhere in much of Europe, there was no consistent pattern of the Enlightenment on the monarchy, which continued to follow existing frameworks of authority and hierarchy.

A leading Spanish figure was Benito Feijóo (1676–1764) a Benedictine monk and professor. He was a successful popularizer noted for encouraging scientific and empirical thought in an effort to debunk myths and superstition. His Teatro crítico universal (1726–39) bemoaned that "physics, and mathematics are almost foreigners in Spain."

The eighteenth century was an era with increasing absolutism in Europe, with centralization of power of monarchies, which sought to undermine rival powers, such as the Roman Catholic Church, modernize administration and promote economic measures for greater prosperity, and gain power in the international sphere. In Spain, the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment reached Spain in attenuated form about 1750, and emphasized there reforms that would increase Spain's prosperity and return it to its former position as a major power. Attention focused on medicine and physics, with some philosophy. French and Italian visitors were influential but there was little challenge to Catholicism or the Church such as characterized the French philosophes.

In Spain, one of the leading intellectuals was Minister of Justice Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos, who in an address to the Royal Academy of History, called on "patriots" to study legal history, particularly of the deep past of the Visigothic era, and faulted Spain for its failure "to conserve the constitution in its primitive purity." In his Informe en el expediente de ley agraria (1795), he deplored the accumulation of land by aristocrats and the Church, which kept most Spaniards landless. A solution, also urged by Campomanes, was the sale of all Church lands.

Historian Jonathan Israel argues that King Charles III cared little for the Enlightenment and his ministers paid little attention to the Enlightenment ideas influential elsewhere on the Continent. Israel says, "Only a few ministers and officials were seriously committed to enlightened aims. Most were first and foremost absolutists and their objective was always to reinforce monarchy, empire, aristocracy...and ecclesiastical control and authority over education."

Science and religion
The Enlightenment emphasized scientific inquiry and approaches to the world, which could be in conflict with religious world views. The Spanish Inquisition had the power to censor books and suppress unorthodox thought, increasingly ideas of the Enlightenment circulated in Spain. By the 1770s the conservatives had launched a counterattack and used censorship and the Inquisition to suppress Enlightenment ideas, but the "French Encyclopédie... was nonetheless available to readers who wanted it." The writings of Montesquieu, Rousseau, Adam Smith, Condillac, Raynal, Buffon, and Linnaeus were in circulation among intellectual elites in Spain.

The 1755 Lisbon earthquake and tsunami that destroyed much of the Portuguese capital was felt on the entire Iberian peninsula and beyond. Intellectuals and others debated whether the earthquake was divine retribution or a natural phenomenon.

Scientific expeditions and scientific institutions
The crown sponsored a series of scientific expeditions of its own and authorized foreign scientists, such as La Condamine and Alexander von Humboldt, to its overseas empire, usually closed to foreigners. There were extended Royal Botanical Expeditions to Chile and Peru (1777–88), New Granada (1783–1816), and New Spain (1787–1803), which scholars are now examining afresh. which produced a huge number of detailed botanical drawings and specimens destined for the Royal Botanical Garden and the Royal Natural History Cabinet in Madrid. The Malaspina Expedition was an important scientific expedition headed by Spanish naval commander Alejandro Malaspina over five years (1789–94), with naturalists and botanical illustrators gathering information for the Spanish crown. The illustrators on the voyage included José de Pozo, trained at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid, and, with other artists on the voyage, produced a plethora of botanical images as well as coastal views, ethnographic images, views of the expedition's ships, Descubierta and Atrevida, and a self-portrait in Patagonia. In Mexico, the Malaspina Expedition helped spur the founding of a botanical garden in Mexico City, as well as the Museo de Historia Natural. The crown also funded the Balmis Expedition in 1804 to vaccinate colonial populations against smallpox.

Much of the scientific research done under the auspices of the Spanish government in the eighteenth century was never published or otherwise disseminated, in part due to budgetary constraints on the crown. Starting in the late twentieth century, research on the history of science in Spain and the Spanish empire has blossomed, with primary sources being published in scholarly editions or reissued, as well the publication of a considerable number of important scholarly studies. An exception was Alexander von Humboldt, who published at his own expense his scientific findings and observations during his self-funded expedition to Spanish America 1799–1804.

New institutions
Even at the beginning of the Bourbon era, Spain was already creating institutions to systematize and promote intellectual research in the early eighteenth century with the founding of the National Library (1711), Royal Spanish Academy (1713), and the Royal Academy of History (1738). Institutions founded in the later eighteenth century were designed to promote scientific knowledge, such as the Royal Botanical Gardens (1755) in Madrid, where specimens from the Malaspina Expedition augmented the collection. In Mexico, the crown established the School of Mines (1792), based on the Basque institute at Vergara, headed by scientist Fausto Elhuyar, to increase scientific knowledge about mining Spain's most valuable commodity, silver.

As part of the attempt to revitalize the historiography of Spain and Charles III's general centralizing policies, the Archive of the Indies was established in Seville in 1785 to bring together documents pertaining to Spain's overseas empire.

Architecture
The Palacio de Minería in Mexico City was designed in the neoclassical style by Spanish architect Manuel Tolsá. The Spanish crown had mandated that "all new churches and other public buildings should be constructed in the neo-classic style, their design first approved by the Academy of San Fernando." Madrid had a number of buildings constructed in neoclassic style; Charles III's architect, Juan de Villanueva, designed a neoclassical building in 1785 to hold the Natural History Cabinet, but which became the Prado Museum to display paintings and sculpture.

In English

 * Addy, George M. The Enlightenment in the University of Salamanca. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press (1966).
 * Bleichmar, Daniela. Visible Empire: Botanical Expeditions & Visual Culture in the Hispanic Enlightenment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press (2001).
 * Cañizares-Esguerra, Jorge, How to Write the History of the New World: Histories, Epistemologies, and Identities in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World. Stanford: Stanford University Press (2001).
 * Elliott, John H. Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America 1492–1830 (2007).
 * Engstrand, Iris H.W. Spanish Scientists in the New World: The Eighteenth-Century Expeditions. Seattle: University of Washington Press (1981).
 * Herr, Richard. The Eighteenth-Century Revolution in Spain. Princeton: Princeton University Press (1958).
 * Herr, Richard (1971). An Historical Essay on Modern Spain. Chapter 4: Enlightened Despotism and the Origin of Contemporary Spain. University of California Press. ISBN 0520025342
 * Jaffe, Catherine M., and Elizabeth Franklin Lewis, eds. Eve's Enlightenment: Women's Experience in Spain and Spanish America, 1726–1839 (2009).
 * Kamen, Henry (2001). Philip V of Spain: the king who reigned twice. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-08718-7
 * La Force, James C. Jr. The Development of the Spanish Textile Industry, 1750–1800. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press (1965).
 * Lehner, Ulrich L. and O'Neill Printy, Michael (2010). A Companion to the Catholic Enlightenment in Europe. Volume 20 of Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition, . Brill (2010). ISBN 9004183515
 * Lynch, John. Bourbon Spain 1700–1808 (1989)
 * Noel, C.C. "Opposition to Enlightened Reform in Spain: Campomanes and the Clergy, 1765–1775." Societas 3, 1 (1973) pp. 21–43.
 * Paquette, Gabriel B. Enlightenment, Governance, and Reform in Spain and Its Empire, 1759–1808 (2007)
 * Smidt, Andrea J. "Bourbon regalism and the importation of gallicanism: the political path for a state religion in Eighteenth-Century Spain." Anuario de Historia de la Iglesia 19 (2010): 25–53.
 * Shafer, R.J. The Economic Societies in the Spanish World, 1763–1821. Syracuse (1958).
 * Smith, Angel. Historical dictionary of Spain (2009)
 * Udías, Agustín. "Earthquakes as God's punishment in 17th-and 18th-century Spain." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 310.1 (2009): 41–48.
 * Walker, Geoffrey J. Spanish Politics and Imperial Trade, 1700–1789. Bloomington: Indiana University Press (1979).

In Spanish

 * Anes Alvares, Gonzalo. Economía e Ilustación en la España del siglo XVIII. Barcelona (1969).
 * Egido Martínez, Teofanes (2001). Carlos IV. Madrid : Arlanza Ediciones. ISBN 84-95503-22-0
 * Fernandez, Roberto (Fernandez Diaz) (2001). Carlos III. Madrid: Arlanza Ediciones. ISBN 84-95503-21-2
 * Guimera, Agustín (1996). El reformismo borbonico : una visión interdisciplinar. Madrid: Alianza : Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. ISBN 84-206-2863-8
 * Rodríguez Díaz, Laura. Reforma e Ilustración en la España del siglo XVIII. Pedro Rodríguez de Campomanes. Madrid (1975).
 * Santos, José (2002). Martín Sarmiento : Ilustración, educación y utopía en la España del siglo XVIII. La Coruña: Fundación Barrié de la Maza. ISBN 84-9752-009-2
 * Sellés, Manuel, José Luis Peset, and Antonio Lafuente, eds. Carlos III y la ciencia de la ilustración. Madrid: Alianza Editorial (1988).
 * Ubieto Arteta, Antonio (1997).  Historia ilustrada de Espana, v. 5: El Barroco espanol y el reformismo borbonico. Madrid: Debate; Valencia: Circulo de Lectores. ISBN 84-226-6342-2
 * Ubieto Arteta, Antonio (1997).  Historia ilustrada de Espana, v. 6: Guerra, revolucion y Restauracion. 1808–1833. Madrid: Debate; Valencia: Circulo de Lectores. ISBN 84-226-6343-0

In Catalan

 * Navarro i Soriano, Ferran (2019). Harca, harca, harca! Músiques per a la recreació històrica de la Guerra de Successió (1794–1715). Editorial DENES. ISBN 978-84-16473-45-8.

title: Enlightenment in Spain


text: Category:User qu

title: Category:User qu


text: Category:User qu-1

title: Category:User qu-1


text: Category:User qu-2

title: Category:User qu-2


text: Category:User qu-3

title: Category:User qu-3


text: Category:User qu-N

title: Category:User qu-N


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Gowanus Canal/archive1

Gowanus Canal
Self-nomination. Hoping to get featured status or at least some peer-review. --Howrealisreal 03:07, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, looks pretty good, length seems adequate for an article on a local geographical feature Everyking 03:31, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Object, sorry, but there ought to be a map.Dinopup 03:56, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I know it's not the greatest specimen, but I added a map to the top of the article. Good idea. --Howrealisreal 04:19, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Is that map free? I've uploaded another at Image:Gowanusmap2.PNG.  Can't give it much for art, but it is free.--Pharos 04:33, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay. Thanks for the map. I added it instead. --Howrealisreal 04:38, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Support, but I'd like to see landmarks and more/clearer labeling on the map to provide orientation for people unfamiliar with the region. A North indicator could help, but not necessary. - RoyBoy 800 18:26, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * OK, I think I've improved the map. If you don't see the new map in the article, click on the image description page.  I didn't include a north indicator, it's north-oriented anyway and it didn't seem necessary.  I do hope the neighborhood boundaries will stand scrutiny.--Pharos 06:45, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Looking good, I'd request one more label... a green one telling me what the entire region is. - RoyBoy 800 18:17, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I've now labeled the region Brooklyn, but in a way that seemed a little better to me. (I'm not sure if it's really necessary, though; this could just be noted more clearly in the caption).--Pharos 18:33, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - needs a copyedit. There's some strange capitalisation in places - the names of elements are unnecessarily capitalised, and I wasn't sure whether The Flushing Tunnel and The Flushing Pump are actually proper names that should be capitalised. Also, the prose in places veers uncomfortably towards the purple especially in the section headed "Canal Problems":
 * "pungently overwhelm the olfactories"
 * "The murky depths of the canal conceal much more than the remains of vanished mobsters"
 * "an ever-evolving Brooklyn postindustrial cityscape"
 * I'm also far from sure about the use of a slang term like "snafus". --194.73.130.132 08:43, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah some of those word choices could be troublesome for the large English-speaking wikipedia audience. I admit that I try to get creative with diction, but I think the things you went through and changed are appropriate. --Howrealisreal 14:30, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Lots of great additions to the article recently and I'm most grateful. I think we should ease on the pictures though so we don't overload it. I like Pharos' map without the box, and a caption seems redundant since it explains what neighborhoods border the canal right in the first paragraph. Otherwise it looks amazing. --Howrealisreal 00:21, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - looks great to me. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 12:32, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutral. Those are fixed, but I'll have to get a chance to review the whole thing before suporting. Object. Looks good, but some sketchy language and at least two pieces of apparent speculation: 1) "vanished mobsters" (Is that known and proven?), 2) " For the long stretch of economic depression, the waters of the Gowanus Canal lay stagnant.", 3) "it looks as though a new wave of economic boom might be in store for the canal area.". The first very well could be true but would need some substantiation, the second I can't figure out what is being said, and the third is pure speculation, which doesn't qualify as encyclopedic unless someone important or influential said it. Those are just the ones I saw, but were obvious enough that I am worried there are more. - Taxman 20:25, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your comment. I went through and changed the three examples you listed above. I tried to remove as much ambiguous language as possible to keep within the criteria of "being encyclopedic". I haven't noticed anything else that needs attention but please feel free to notify me if you come up with anything else. --Howrealisreal 22:38, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ


text:
Mr. Man (website)

Mr. Man is a website that specializes in locating, rating, and posting instances of male nudity in film and television. The site is a spin-off from the popular site Mr. Skin and went live in October 2013.

History
Launched 14 years after its parent site, Mr. Man was designed as a "Mr. Skin for Women," although in the first month following its launch, nearly 80% of their paid memberships were from gay males rather than women. Nevertheless, the site has grown in popularity with women since then, and as of May, 2014, the ratio was closer to 60% gay men and 40% women. The site is primarily an entertainment website, compared with a pornographic one because it contains content from mainstream movies and television, and also combines the male nudity with "Mr. Skin’s signature brand of bawdy, boisterous comedy".

Site founder Jim McBride promoted the site heavily during his appearance in February 2014 appearance SiriusXM's The Howard Stern Show. He has also promoted it on his numerous other radio appearances on such shows as Lex and Terry, The Bob & Tom Show, "Heidi and Frank", "Jarrett, Harry, and Spike: The Game 87.7 FM Chicago", "Drew Lane: Detroit Sports 105.1", "Paul and Young Ron", "The Mike Calta Show", and "Roger and JP: WBAB Long Island".

title: Mr. Man (website)


text: User talk:64.114.134.52

title: User talk:64.114.134.52


text:
Talk:Toronto Phantoms

WNBA?
ok, lets just be honest and change the wording of thay header, the wnba is NOT failing because of lack of promotion, there are several reasons completley unrelated to promotion, and all the promotion in the world wouldnt change the leagues sucess

error on page
There is an error on this page and I don't know how to go about fixing it.

First of it states that Ty Law played for the Toronto Phantoms before playing for the Patriots then Bills. The problem is that the Ty Law that played for the Phantoms is a different Ty Law then the one who currentl plays for the Patriots. Also the Ty Law that is currently in the NFL has spent his whole career with the Patriots and has never played for the Bills. Current Bills cornerback Lawyer Milloy used to play for the Patriots but he never played in the AFL.

Here are some websites that prove what I say:

AFL Ty Law - http://www.arenafan.com/players/?page=players&player=943

NFL Ty Law - http://www.nfl.com/players/playerpage/3820

NFL Lawyer Milloy - http://www.nfl.com/players/playerpage/3965

If somebody could please correct this it would be great. Thanks.

(Note to future readers of this page: that error has been corrected.) Ferdinand Cesarano 05:41, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Is this still really a stub?
How much more really needs to be said about an essentially unsuccessful two-year franchise in a second-tier sports league? Rlquall 04:46, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

This is certainly a stub. First, let me point out that this franchise existed for 6 years (1997-2002), not 2 years.

But, more importantly, the Arena Football League is the top league in its sport in the world. The Arena game is different enough from the big-field (American and Canadian) versions in the skills that it requires for it to be thought of as a different game.

I like the way rugby fans use the word "code", meaning a set of rules. Rugby league and rugby union are said to be different "codes". It is also said that, in the grand world of football, the rugby union and rugby league codes can be distinguished from the "association" code (soccer).

That is terminology that we in North America should use more often: American code, Canadian code, and Arena code.

The point in using that language is to acknowledge the reality that all the different codes of football (association, rugby league, rugby union, American, Canadian, and Arena) evolved from the same ancient game. (Of course, in some cases, some of the codes have gone on to cross-influence each other.)

Anyway, on the topic of Arena Football -- the league and its franchises have a rich history, and only a small bit of the history of this particular franchise is described here. I expanded the CityHawks part of the franchise history a bit, but there is much, much more to the story -- and there is a need for tons more information about the latter two incarnations of the franchise (New England Sea Wolves and Toronto Phantoms). Ferdinand Cesarano 23:31, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Bills?
What does Rogers' involvement with the Bills, six years later, have to do with the Phantoms? 71.17.200.66 (talk) 01:57, 21 May 2012 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:NewEnglandSeaWolves.gif
Image:NewEnglandSeaWolves.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 16:53, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Toronto Phantoms


text:
Talk:Maelstrom (comics)

Significant events?
OK, so what, to you, "SoM," classifies as significant? MAYBE I can see removing Maely's mom and mate, since we never actually see either, but his father was the whole reason he got into villaining in the first place; and his son was the reason he was absent from the villain scene from 1998 to 2005.

Again--while I disagree with removing the supervillains he gave genetic info to, I can grudgingly accept it. But the Weird Sisters and his minions are fairly important, in my view. (Thanos6)

 * In view of the dad, Sisters and minions, my test for putting them into the sidebox is "can they merit their own article which is more than a regurgitation of the facts in the article at hand". It's designed for quick intrawiki links and the briefest summaries possible rather than an exhaustive list. Otherwise, they can go in the text, where relevant, but not the SHB. - SoM 00:06, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Power levels
And finally, how in the world is it irrelevant that he may have been capable of fighting Thanos w/ the Gauntlet to a standstill?! That would make him the only being in the universe to do so. (Thanos6)
 * Ah. The power level thing. The fact is that, in in-canon comics, he didn't fight Thanos to a standstill, and even then it would be the EVENT, not the power levels at hand which would be significant. Speculation or what-ifs shouldn't be included (in general, not the specific example). (well, What If Maelstroms could be included under a seperate ==Alternate Reality Maelstroms== heading, but that's a different matter) - 00:06, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * All right, I'll work on finding ways to work all this stuff into the text, maybe subheadings for "Maelstrom's Minions" and "Alternate Reality's." - Thanos6

C-Class rated for Comics Project
As this B-Class article has yet to receive a review, it has been rated as C-Class. If you disagree and would like to request an assesment, please visit WikiProject_Comics/Assessment and list the article. Hiding T 15:05, 23 February 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Maelstrom (comics)


text:
User talk:MinorXthreat

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Hyacinth 03:09, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Image Tagging Image:IanMacKayeandJeffNelson.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:IanMacKayeandJeffNelson.jpg. The image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the image qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. -- Carnildo 10:43, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

{subst:image source|Image:Idles.gif}} Sherool (talk) 17:58, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Intenseian.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:Intenseian.JPG. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see User talk:Carnildo/images. 09:04, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:MinorXthreat


text: User talk:68.48.97.54

title: User talk:68.48.97.54


text:
Pasir Panjang

Pasir Panjang is an area located at the southern part of Queenstown in Singapore. Kent Ridge Park is a topographical feature which runs adjacent to Pasir Panjang.

History
Pasir Panjang Road, which once hugged the coastline, was laid down as far as the Jurong River by John Turnbull Thomson by 1850. Thomson was Government Surveyor of Singapore from 1841 to 1853.

In 1910, the Government took over the opium industry and a state-owned factory was established at Pasir Panjang. In February 1942, the Battle of Pasir Panjang took place here. This was one of Singapore's last major battle between the Japanese and the British armed forces. The Japanese victory resulted in the Fall of Singapore. Many soldiers from the 1st Malaya Infantry Brigade such as Adnan bin Saidi died here.

Since the late 1960s, the whole length of the coast, from the Singapore River to Jurong, has been reclaimed for wharves, almost entirely devoted to containerisation. The coastal area at Pasir Panjang has also been extensively reclaimed for the Pasir Panjang Terminal of the Port of Singapore.

Pasir Panjang Pillbox
Pasir Panjang Pillbox is a concrete machine-gun pillbox built before the Japanese invasion of Malaya and Singapore and sits beside Pasir Panjang Road. During the war, it was on the coast; however, due to post war land reclamation, it is now .75 km from the sea.

Pasir Panjang Terminal
In 1993, the Port of Singapore Authority (PSA), now corporatised as PSA International, started constructing a new container terminal at Pasir Panjang, the Pasir Panjang Terminal. it is located approximately 7 km west of the company's other container terminals at Keppel Harbour. This new, S$7 billion terminal, represents an immense expansion of PSA's container port. When fully completed in 2009, it is expected to raise PSA's container handling capacity by a further per year. The terminal's first four berths, of the planned 26, opened in 1998, with two more berths becoming operational by the time of the terminal's official opening in March 2000. The terminal is slated to cease operations by the year 2040 when the Tuas Megaport is completed and all of PSA assets will be transferred to the new port.

COSCO Shipping Ports, formerly COSCO Pacific, is a co-investor.

Old Pasir Panjang Police Sub-station
In 1986, the old Singapore Police Force Pasir Panjang Police Sub-station was vacated after almost 4 decades of service, its duty and areas of jurisdiction taken over by Pasir Panjang NPP and West Coast NPP respectively. Originally constructed in 1950, its location near the crossroad junction of Clementi Road, Pasir Panjang Road and West Coast Road provided the local residents of the many Malay kampungs dotted around the road and area with the security of a police presence. The old building was torn down in 1991 and the land levelled. The site is now a new condominium apartment – The Spectrum, which is built directly over the old police building and the surrounding land.

Poh Ern Shih Temple
Poh Ern Shih Temple (报恩寺) was built in 1954 by the famous businessman and devoted Buddhist, Mr Lee Choon Seng. The Buddhist temple was dedicated to Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva and was built as a memorial to those who lost their lives during the Battle of Pasir Panjang in 1942. It is located on a small hilltop at Chwee Chian Road, off Pasir Panjang Road, along Singapore's southern coast.

title: Pasir Panjang


text:
User:MadCopyEditor

Lives in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. Journalism student at University of King's College, Halifax.

title: User:MadCopyEditor


text: User talk:4.7.11.218

title: User talk:4.7.11.218


text: Template:User qu

title: Template:User qu


text: User talk:140.247.135.105

title: User talk:140.247.135.105


text: Template:User qu-1

title: Template:User qu-1


text: Template:User qu-2

title: Template:User qu-2


text:
Charles Dickens Museum

The Charles Dickens Museum is an author's house museum at 48 Doughty Street in King's Cross, in the London Borough of Camden. It occupies a typical Georgian terraced house which was Charles Dickens's home from 25 March 1837 (a year after his marriage) to December 1839.

Dickens and Doughty Street
In the nineteenth century, it was an exclusive residential street and had gates at either end to restrict entry and these were manned by porters. Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine Dickens (née Hogarth) lived here with the eldest three of their ten children, with the older two of Dickens's daughters, Mary Dickens and Kate Macready Dickens being born in the house.

A new addition to the household was Dickens's younger brother Frederick. Also, Catherine's 17-year-old sister Mary moved with them from Furnival's Inn to offer support to her married sister and brother. It was not unusual for a woman's unwed sister to live with and help a newly married couple. Dickens became very attached to Mary, and she died in his arms after a brief illness in 1837. She inspired characters in many of his books, and her death is fictionalized as the death of Little Nell. Dickens had a three-year lease (at £80 a year) on the property. He would remain here until 1839 when he moved to Devonshire Terrace. He upscaled to grander homes as his wealth increased and his family grew. However, Doughty Street is his only surviving London house.

The two years that Dickens lived in the house were extremely productive, for here he completed The Pickwick Papers (1836), wrote the whole of Oliver Twist (1838) and Nicholas Nickleby (1838–39) and worked on Barnaby Rudge (1840–41).

The Museum
The building at 48 Doughty Street was threatened with demolition in 1923, but was saved by the Dickens Fellowship, founded in 1902, who raised the mortgage and bought the property's freehold. The house was renovated and the Dickens House Museum was opened in 1925, under the direction of an independent trust, now a registered charity. The house was listed in 1954.

Perhaps the best-known exhibit is the portrait of Dickens known as Dickens's Dream by R. W. Buss, an original illustrator of The Pickwick Papers. This unfinished portrait shows Dickens in his study at Gads Hill Place surrounded by many of the characters he had created. The painting was begun in 1870 after Dickens's death. Other notable artefacts in the museum include numerous first editions, original manuscripts, original letters by Dickens, and many personal items owned by Dickens and his family. The only known item of clothing worn by Dickens still in existence is also displayed at the museum. This is his Court Suit and sword, worn when Dickens was presented to the Prince of Wales in 1870.

title: Charles Dickens Museum


text: Template:User qu-3

title: Template:User qu-3


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Andrew Lutz

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 01:13, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Andrew Lutz
This appears to be a vanity page with no significant encyclopedic content or value. Bryan 03:19, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. Dave the Red (talk) 04:27, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 07:04, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Nateji77 07:28, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Clearly vanity. Delete. Mgm|(talk) 10:05, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Rowland Mason Ordish

Rowland Mason Ordish (11 April 1824 – 1886) was an English engineer. He is most noted for his design of the Winter Garden, Dublin (1865), for his detailed work on the single-span roof of London's St Pancras railway station, undertaken with William Henry Barlow (1868) and the Albert Bridge, a crossing of the River Thames in London, completed in 1873.

Biography
Born in Melbourne, Derbyshire, Ordish was the son of a land agent and surveyor. He worked with Charles (later Sir Charles) Fox, who was responsible for the construction of Joseph Paxton's Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, in 1851. He subsequently supervised its re-erection in Sydenham, south London.

His other projects included:
 * Farringdon Street Bridge, London
 * Holborn Viaduct, London (1863–69)
 * Derby market hall (1866)
 * Franz Joseph I Suspension Bridge, over the Vltava, Prague (1868, bombed 1941, demolished in 1947)
 * Cavenagh Bridge, Singapore (1869)
 * Esplanade Mansions, Mumbai, India (1869)
 * dome of Royal Albert Hall, London (1871)

He died in 1886 and was buried in a family grave on the western side of Highgate Cemetery.

Bridge design
In 1858 Ordish patented a bridge suspension system, which he later used in the design of bridges across several European rivers that include Neva at St Petersburg. The system, which consists of a rigid girder suspended by inclined straight chains, was known as Ordish's straight-chain suspension system.

The Ordish–Lefeuvre Principle is named after him and his partner William Henry Le Feuvre (1832 – 1896) from Jersey (together the pair submitted plans for the department store De Gruchy's in St Helier, Jersey).

title: Rowland Mason Ordish


text:
Salut à toi, pays de nos aïeux

"Terre de nos aïeux" (English: "Land of our forefathers") is the national anthem of Togo. The words and music were written by Alex Casimir-Dosseh, and it was the national anthem from independence in 1960 until 1979. In 1979, it was replaced in its capacity by a different composition created by the party of the Rally of the Togolese People. It was readopted in 1992.

Rally of the Togolese People-era national anthem
During the Third Republic, the name of the national anthem was changed to "l'UNITÉ NATIONALE". This was the state anthem written by the party of Rally of the Togolese People that, between 1979 and 1992, replaced "Terre de nos aïeux". It was replaced by the old anthem in 1992, due to concerns that patriotism was equated with loyalty to the Rally.

title: Salut à toi, pays de nos aïeux


text:
Stumpwork

Stumpwork or raised work is a style of embroidery in which the stitched figures are raised from the surface of the work to form a 3-dimensional effect.

History
The term stumpwork is used to describe a style of raised embroidery which was popular in England between 1650 and 1700. Before this period the use of such raised embroidery techniques was mostly confined to ecclesiastical garments. In the seventeenth century this embroidery technique was simply called raised or embossed work. It has been called stumpwork only since around the end of the nineteenth century.

Sewing skills were essential for women in past times and the seventeenth century was no exception. Girls were taught to sew from an early age. Most women used these skills to make clothing and household linen items for their families. In wealthy households, where time and money were available and more luxurious materials could be accessed, the skills were also used for embroidery. During this period the final most difficult task for the student of embroidery was the making of an elaborate casket or box depicting scenes using raised embroidery.

Traditionally stumpwork depicted a scene which might contain a castle, stag, lion, birds, butterflies, fruit, flowers, and several figures sometimes positioned beneath a canopy. The kings and queens of the Stuart period were often depicted as were biblical or mythical stories.

Technique and materials
Stitches can be worked around pieces of wire to create individual forms such as leaves, insect wings or flower petals. This form is then applied to the main body of work by piercing the background fabric with the wires and securing tightly. Other shapes can be created using padding under the stitches, usually in the form of felt layers sewn one upon the other in increasingly smaller sizes. The felt is then covered with a layer of embroidery stitches.

A wide variety of materials was used in these works including silver and gold thread, fine gimp cord, silk thread, chenille thread, wool, ribbon, wire, seed pearls, semi-precious stones, glass beads, coral, sea shells, mother-of-pearl, leather, feathers, vellum, boxwood, ivory and wax.

Upon completion of the embroidery for a seventeenth century casket project the work was sent to a carpenter to be mounted and assembled. A fine example of a casket from the period is held by the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.

Modern stumpwork
Raised embroidery or stumpwork has continued to be popular with embroiderers into modern times. In the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, it was used to embellish women's clothing. Today skilled embroiderers carry on the craft in places across the globe using it to adorn objects in ever more creative ways.

A modern-day subcategory of this art form used primarily in production embroidery on automated embroidery machines is referred to as puff embroidery. The process involves putting down, typically, a layer of foam rubber larger than the intended shape on top of the target material to be decorated. The shape is then embroidered on top of the foam rubber in such a way that the needle penetrations cut the foam rubber around the periphery of the shape. When the embroidery is finished the excess foam rubber is weeded (pulled away or cleaned off) from the design area, leaving the underlying foam rubber shape trapped under the embroidery stitches, resulting in a stumpwork effect.

Puff embroidery generally lacks the intricate design characteristics obtainable with true stumpwork techniques and is primarily seen on leisure wear, such as baseball caps, sweatshirts and jackets. Many times, the designs are used to portray company logos or team mascots.

title: Stumpwork


text:
Talk:Salut à toi, pays de nos aïeux

Untitled
I have posted 3 verses of the French lyrics, but I cannot find the English translation for the 3rd verse and my French is not good enough. Can anyone else find the translation or translate it themselves? --Bash 03:23, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 141.161.70.77, thanks for the translation. Good work.

title: Talk:Salut à toi, pays de nos aïeux


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Andrew Koch

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 01:13, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Andrew Koch
This appears to be a vanity page, it's about a high school band leader. Bryan 03:23, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. Dave the Red (talk) 04:26, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 07:05, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nateji77 07:28, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity Dsmdgold 12:57, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Not notable.Gorrister 18:50, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn, vanity. Vlad M V  ٭ talk 15:05, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Notability not established - become a real band leader, or win a national high school band championship. Or capture Osama bin Laden... that would do it too. -- 8^D gab 03:31, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: Template:User es

title: Template:User es


text:
Lucasfilm Animation

Lucasfilm Animation Ltd. LLC is an American animation studio and subsidiary of Lucasfilm, originally established in 2003. Its first major productions were the feature film Star Wars: The Clone Wars and its associated television series, both of which debuted in 2008 and Strange Magic, which premiered in 2015. In September 2016, Dave Filoni, known for his contributions to Star Wars: The Clone Wars and Star Wars Rebels, accepted a promotion to oversee the development of all future Lucasfilm Animation projects.

Lucasfilm Animation Singapore

Founded in 2003 in Singapore as a means to tap into the talent pool, Lucasfilm Animation Singapore (LAS) opened in October 2005. LAS works closely with Lucasfilm Animation. The LAS production schedule also includes contributions to projects from other Lucasfilm companies. While the largest of LAS’ production groups focused on Star Wars: The Clone Wars, in July 2006 LAS announced the creation of the Game Group and the Digital Artists Group (DAG). With difficulty in meeting the technical and aesthetic requirements of Clone Wars, LAS was ultimately removed from the production and released a number of employees.

R2-D2 is featured in the company logo at the end of Star Wars: The Clone Wars.

Industrial Light & Magic launched its Singapore operations in 2006, as the first international ILM. The Digital Artists Group served as an extension of ILM, contributed to ILM's work on feature film visual effects. LAS had supported LucasArts’ video game productions and Lucasfilm Animation.

In November 2007, Lucasfilm Animation Singapore launched the Jedi Masters Program, a paid apprenticeship provided young artists with mentorship opportunities from industry professionals at ILM, LucasArts and Lucasfilm Animation. The Jedi Masters Program had classroom facilities within the Singapore studio and combined classroom instruction with mentored work in an actual production environment.

The Game Group developed Star Wars: The Clone Wars – Jedi Alliance in 2008 and Star Wars: The Clone Wars – Republic Heroes in 2009, both on the Nintendo DS.

Due to its old building being saturated, Lucasfilm Singapore moved into a new Eclipse building, frequently referred to as the Sandcrawler building, at the beginning of 2014. Sandcrawler, an eight-story building owned by Lucas Real Estate Singapore was home to Lucasfilm Singapore, Walt Disney Company (Southeast Asia) and ESPN Asia Pacific designed by Aedas.

In 2021, Disney has sold its Sandcrawler building for US$132 million to Blackstone Group.

On August 15, 2023, Lucasfilm announced that it will be shutting down its Singapore operations. Disney explained that the shutdown was due to economic factors, with the SAG-AFTRA strike in the United States affecting the industry's work.

title: Lucasfilm Animation


text:
Kakiemon

Kakiemon (柿右衛門様式) is a style of Japanese porcelain, with overglaze decoration called "enameled" ceramics. It was originally produced at the factories around Arita, in Japan's Hizen province (today, Saga Prefecture) from the Edo period's mid-17th century onwards. The quality of its decoration was highly prized in the West and widely imitated by major European porcelain manufacturers during the Rococo period.

Kakiemon is a term that generates some confusion, being the name of a family, one or more kilns, and a brightly-coloured overglaze style. The style originated with the family, whose kilns were the main producers of it, but other kilns also made it, and the Kakiemon kilns made other styles. Both the palette and style, and very probably the kiln, were in place by the 1680s. The style is a sub-type of what is called in the West Imari ware, the overglaze coloured variety of the broader grouping Arita ware, dominant in Japanese export porcelain in its first successful period, up to the 1740s.

The style was quickly copied by the new European porcelain factories that appeared in the 18th century, such as Meissen in Germany, Chantilly in France and Chelsea in England. The Chinese also began to copy the style for Chinese export porcelain. By about 1760 it had largely fallen from fashion in Europe.

History
The potter Sakaida Kakiemon (酒井田柿右衛門, 1596–1666) is popularly credited with being one of the first in Japan to discover the secret of enamel decoration on porcelain, known as akae. The name "Kakiemon" was bestowed upon Sakaida by his lord, after he perfected a design of twin persimmons, developing as well the distinctive palette of soft red, yellow, blue and turquoise green now associated with the Kakiemon style.

The name Kakiemon is sometimes used as a generic term describing Arita wares or Imari wares made in the Arita factories using the characteristic kakiemon overglaze enamels and decorative styles.

The Kakiemon kiln seems to have been established by the 1680s, when the decorating technique was also fully developed. The early history and ownership are not very clear, and at this period the real Kakiemon enterprise may have been a decorating workshop that worked very closely with this kiln, which had developed a white porcelain body and a near-transparent glaze, superior to the other Arita producers. Shards from the kakiemon kiln site at Shimo-Nangawarayama (下南川原山) show that blue-and-white sometsuke and celadon wares were also produced, besite other styles like Ko-Kutani.

Kakiemon porcelain was exported from Japan into Europe via the Dutch East India Company, and beginning in the 1650s, through a variety of other avenues. King Augustus II the Strong of Poland and Mary II of England both owned examples. The earliest inventory to include Japanese porcelain in Europe was made at Burghley House in 1688; these included a standing elephant with its trunk raised and a model of two wrestlers.

Wares included bowls, dishes and plates, often hexagonal, octagonal or fluted with scalloped edges. The famed white nigoshide body was only used with open forms, and not for closed shapes such as vases, bottles and teapots, or for figures and animals. The hexagonal vases and covers known as "Hampton Court" vases were named after a pair at Hampton Court Palace near London, recorded in an inventory of 1696. Around 1730, this shape was copied at Meissen, Saxony, which entered into a "sister city" contract with Arita, in 1979. The style was also adopted and copied in Chelsea and Worcester in the 1750s and by Samson Ceramics in the 19th century. Statuettes were also created, an example being the Kakiemon elephants (British Museum).

Meissen copies could be extremely close to the originals; alternatively, the factory painters sometimes just borrowed designs, and used them with other shapes and styles. The style was also adapted in Germany and Austria by the Du Paquier manufactory and in France at Chantilly, Mennecy and Saint-Cloud porcelain. It was also an influence on Dutch Delft pottery and Chinese export porcelain.

Exports to Europe of Japanese Kakiemon porcelain, and all other types, stopped in the mid-18th century when China resumed export to Europe. Since both Kakiemon and Imari styles were already so popular among Europeans, Chinese export porcelain copied both styles. In 1971 the craft technique was designated an Important Intangible Cultural Property by the Japanese government; a double climbing kiln in Arita used for the firing of Kakiemon has also been designated a National Historic Site.

Sakaida Kakiemon XIV (26 August 1934 – 15 June 2013) was designated a Living National Treasure by the government. His son Sakaida Kakiemon XV became the new head in February 2014.

Kakiemon Kiln Site
The original Kakiemon Kiln Site (柿右衛門窯跡) in Minamiyama, Arita is located behind the current Kakiemon kiln on the western slope of the Toshikiyama Hills at an elevation of approximately 85 meters. Archaeological excavations have been carried out since 1976, and the remains of two parallel kilns and a storage area where defective pottery was dumped have been confirmed. Both kiln sites are stepped, multi-chambered climbing kilns. "Kiln A" has a horizontal length of approximately 42 meters with 12 firing chambers, and an average incline of 11.5°, and the entire kiln is estimated to be approximately 60 meters in size. "Kiln B" has a length of 83 meters, and an average gradient of 13°, with 21 chambers.Each firing chamber increases in width toward the end of the kiln, spreading out like a fan. Saggars and kiln tools have also been recovered. The kiln ruins were collectively registered as a National Historic Site in 1989 due to their good state of preservation. It is estimated that the kiln was in operation in the late 17th century. Kakiemon porcelains have been produced by direct descendants. At the same time many other kilns around Arita produced wares in the same style, some using the nigoshide body.

Characteristics
The decoration is usually of high quality, delicate and with asymmetric well-balanced designs. These were sparsely applied to emphasize the fine white porcelain background body known in Japan as nigoshide (milky white) which was used for the finest pieces. However, because manufacture of nigoshide is difficult due to hard contraction of the porcelain body during firing, the production was discontinued from the former part of the 18th century to mid-20th century. In this period, Sakaida Kakiemon produced normal 'akae' wares. Sakaida Kakiemon XII and XIII attempted to reproduce nigoshide and succeeded in 1953. It has continued to be produced since then.

Pieces are usually painted with birds, flying squirrels, the "Quail and Millet" design, the "Three Friends of Winter" (pine, plum, and bamboo), flowers (especially the chrysanthemum, the national flower of Japan) and figural subjects such as the popular "Hob in the Well" (shiba onko), illustrating a Chinese folk tale where a sage saves his friend who has fallen into a large fishbowl.

title: Kakiemon


text:
David Lucas

David Lucas is the name of:

Sports

 * David Lucas (cricketer) (born 1978), English cricketer
 * David Lucas (footballer) (born 1977), English footballer
 * David Lucas (handballer), Australian handballer; see 2004 Pacific Handball Cup
 * Dave Lucas (ice hockey) (born 1932), Canadian ice hockey player
 * David Lucas (discus thrower), winner of the 2018 weight throw at the NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships

Others

 * David Lucas (composer) (born 1937), American rock and roll producer and jingle writer
 * David Lucas (engraver) (1802–1881), English mezzotint engraver
 * David Lucas (politician) (born 1950), state senator from Georgia (U.S. state)
 * Dave Lucas (poet) (born 1980), American poet and essayist
 * David Allen Lucas (born 1956), American serial killer
 * Steve Blum (born 1960), American voice actor who has been credited by this name

title: David Lucas


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Acoustic branding

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. —Korath (Talk) 04:24, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)

Acoustic branding
Marketing/branding terminology, feels like a neologism, google gives 328 hits for the exact phrase.--nixie 03:26, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, I only get 122 google hits but they seem relevent and not all from the same place. Kappa 10:31, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep It's a concept I recognized, even from this poorly written article. (e.g. the Intel sound or the "Law and Order" noise, these examples may not make much sense to those outside the USA) Dsmdgold 12:48, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and Expand.Gorrister 18:51, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and CleanUp. P Ingerson 19:36, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Book of Counted Sorrows

The Book of Counted Sorrows is refered to by Terry Goodkind in his "Truth of the Sword" series. The first book, "Wizard's First Rule", Terry Goodkind (the author) has the main character memorizing the Book of Counted Sorrows. It is refered to often in the series. One would wonder which Book of Counted Sorrows came first, King's or Goodkind's - or where either of them got the idea.

Sorry, but the book the character has to memorize in Goodkind's series is "The Book of Counted Shadows", not "Sorrows". Msauers 21:20, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

Merging
What is the consenus on moving this article into The Book of Counted Sorrows? ant_ie 18:33, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm going to do it right now. Banana04131 18:00, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Book of Counted Sorrows