text:
Talk:Ernie Fletcher

Executive Imunity
I deleted reference to Impeachment under Executive Imunity and deleted quotation marks. The citation link no longer works and the quotation impllies bias as it notes impeachment but not other causes for the governors term to end such as resignation or poor health and implied that there was currently an expectation that the governor would be impeached. (Daveswiki 14:32, 12 January 2007 (UTC))

Previously unsectioned comments
I removed "When Jim Bunning was re-elected to the Senate in 2004, questions were raised about his age and mental fitness. There are suspicions that if Bunning were to retire in the middle of his term, Fletcher, who has appointment power in that situation, would nominate himself to replace Bunning."

Suspicions of what he might do in a possible future situation and speculations as to the fitness of another individual for public office - especially without any external source for either - are not appropriate in a biographical article. Holford 23:11, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

6/2/05 - So, who is the Republican who keeps coming on here and deleting references to Fletcher's poll numbers dropping and the investigation into circumvention of the state merit system? Fletcher has gotten about as much press over the merit system scandal as for anything else in his entire life, yet you want to delete it from the article? Agenda, anyone?

 * So who is the unregistered user who keeps coming on here and violating NPOV? I think if "6/2/05" (signature, anyone?) will examine the history logs there isn't one person, Republican or otherwise, who keeps cleaning up this article. Holford 08:25, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

6/10/05 - Facts are facts; why do you keep deleting them? Why do you believe that his earlier 50+% approval rating should be in the article but not his lower, later rating? Why do you believe the merit system investigation, which has dominated news coverage in Kentucky for weeks, moreso than any other event of the Fletcher administration, should not even be mentioned? How on earth can you claim that mentioning those two things = NPOV? That's ridiculous. Quit trying to keep the article fawning and praising and put in facts that are positive and negative about him.

6/14/05 - nice to see that positive and negative things have been left in the article - especially now that three significant members of the governor's administration have been indicted over the incident that you were cutting out of the article.

06/21/06 Returned the word Partisan to the KSC. The KSC is made up of 2 Contributors to Fletcher's campaign, and two members that were appointed to the KSC to SPECIFICALLY HEAR his case on the Merit controversy after four others Recused themselves. The two appointees were ALSO campaign contributors. (an unsigned comment from )

 * Um, that the supreme court is partisan is a viewpoint, not a fact. I've removed it. FeloniousMonk 22:57, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

Creationism
Comrade Fletcher suggested Creationism is the correct "answer" regarding the existance of life on Earth. http://news.kypost.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060114/NEWS02/601140336/1014 Surely this is significant and ought be mentioned in the article. Desertphile January 14, 2006, 2:18PM Local Mean Time

 * Calling him "Comrade Fletcher" kind of hints at a POV that may be clouding your good judgment. Thanks for the link. I read the article and it appears that rather than speficially siding with the 44% of Americans who believe in creationism, by supporting Intelligent Design, the governor is inclusive of the 38 percent who adhere to a theistic evolutionary cosmology. Holford 03:37, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

Why is there even any discussion of intelligent design on what should be a biographical page? Seems to me like people are intent on injecting politics into what should be a purely informative and unbiased website.

 * This article doesn't discuss ID per se; it merely quotes enough of Ernie Flether's words to make his opinion clear on the subject. As far as why his opinion matters - there are a lot of people who think that teaching ID is just another way of teaching religion, and that teaching religion shouldn't be paid for with taxpayer dollars.  (In other words, this is a controversy that should be reported in an unbiased way.  If the article said that Flether was stupid, or that he was being devious, or something similar, then, yes, it would be biased - not NPOV.  But that isn't what the article says.)  John Broughton 04:15, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Is this a controversy you have assumed by speciously arguing that since some people opposed the teaching of ID and Fletcher supports ID, it should therefore be included in his bio? If this is a controversy that has been raised by the general citizenry of Kentucky or even by repeated coverage in the biased news media causing Fletcher to make several statements clarifying his views, then I can see it being a genuine issue. However, if you are going to edit the biography of every politician that supports ID, just to mention that, because some people disagree with teaching it, that seems pointless and not serving the purpose of the encyclopedia. Holford 20:29, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Teaching ID is a controversy worth mentioning, for Fletcher, because he is perhaps the only state governor who has come out strongly in favor of this, and because education is a state, not federal, responsibility. (I haven't checked all the ID advocates listed at this page, but none of them seem to be a governor.) Even Sam Brownback, a conservative candidate for President in 2008, won't go on record as supporting the teaching of ID.

 * As for your statement that I can see it being a genuine issue if this issue has been raised by repeated news media coverage: for a Google search on "Ernie Fletcher" and "intelligent design", the first ten results include the AP wire, several newspapers, and a link to the speech where Governor Fletcher argued for teaching ID in schools.  So this is hardly an issue that a few wikipedia editors have decided is important.  (And my memory may be faulty, but I don't believe that I was the one who added the topic to the article in the first place.)  John Broughton 01:41, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Republicans really seem to be on the rampage on wikipedia lately.-Laikalynx (talk) 04:00, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

This discussion is now well over two years old. Nothing more has come of Fletcher's declaration, and despite the fact that public education is a state issue, I'm not aware of Fletcher's view having any impact at all on public education in Kentucky. Unless someone can show that this is meaningful in some way beyond the fact that he is the only governor we know of to support teaching ID, I don't think it belongs in the article. Just in case, and as a show of good faith, I'm moving the text intact and with references to the talk page for potential further discussion.

Copied text follows:

In 2005 members of the Kentucky Academy of Science voted unanimously to oppose any attempt by legislative bodies to mandate specific content of science courses, and specifically to attempts to equate scientific creationism or intelligent design as scientific theories equal, or superior to, evolution. In response, in a February 13, 2006, letter to the Kentucky Academy of Science, Fletcher, an outspoken intelligent design advocate, argues that evolution conflicts with the Declaration of Independence.

 * My educational background provided me with thorough understanding of science and the theory of evolution. Our nation, however, was founded on self-evident truths. Among these truths are inalienable rights 'endowed by their Creator.' From my perspective, it is not a matter of faith, or religion, or theory. It is similar to basic self-evident objective truths that are the basis of knowledge. For example, 2 + 2 = 4. It disappoints and astounds me that the so-called intellectual elite are so concerned about accepting self-evident truths that nearly 90 percent of the population understands.

Change references to <:/ref>
I'm going to switch the ref system. It may take me a few hours to complete. Please bear with me. -- FloNight  talk  21:58, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

6/12/06 NPOV/Citation edit
On 6/12/06 I excised the following text:

"On February 24, an ethics complaint regarding the appointments was filed, requesting the Judicial Conduct Commission to recuse the two appointed judges on the grounds that their prior political contributions to Fletcher and association with him and his staff were violations of the Kentucky Code of Judicial Conduct. "

That ethics complaint was rejected, almost summarily.

Plus, the citation is to a notoriously partisan and anti-Fletcher blog, the credibility of which is often seriously suspect. Throughout Fletcher's term the operator of that blog has constantly attacked Fletcher, often getting the facts wrong. The operator of that blog also is a serial filer of ethics complaints which are routinely rejected - including the one for which the blog is cited as a source!

1 BluegrassReport.org is NOT notoriously partisan, and 2 you might just want to put that back now that the NYT has written a FRONT PAGE ARTICLE about it.--Owenaprhys 23:13, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

Rush Limbaugh, Ann Coulter and other wingnut fruitcakes get coverage in the mainstream press from time to time too. So did the Swift Boat Vets. That doesn't mean they aren't extremely partisan, or that they are at all credible.

BluegrassReport IS notoriously partisan. Just take a look at the front page on ANY DAY of ANY WEEK. It will be covered with slams on Ernie Fletcher and other Republicans, always tossing in bolded adjectives like "corrupt" to describe them. Democrats are not treated similarly, ever. It is run by the person who was the losing campaign manager for Fletcher's Democratic opponent for governor. There is not a person in the state who does not recognize BluegrassReport as being notoriously partisan.

Right. Tell that to Lunsford and the KDP. Just out of curiousity, do you LIVE in Ky? I do.I'll admit, there isn't a person in the state who still supports Fletcher that does not call BGR partisan (all 50 people) --Owenaprhys 01:03, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for displaying your true colors and agenda, Owenaprhys. I'm sure with those comments, people will trust your assertions as to who is or isn't partisan.

Anyone who wants to should check the blog out for themselves - if anyone even cares about it. The front page is always covered with partisan screeds and attacks on Fletcher. Give it a look and decide for yourselves whether it is credible, or a partisan attack vehicle.

BTW, your ad hominem attack has no relevance to any of this, but yet, I live in Kentucky, and probably have for longer than you. Not that it matters.

That is doubtful. And no, it was not an ad hominem attack, it was a simple question based on the fact that you are clueless about Kentucky and Kentucky politics.

BTW have you seen the latest attack posting against Kentucky DEMOCRATIC PARTY Chairman Lundergan.--Owenaprhys 23:43, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

BTW, how come you don't sign?? Sorta makes it seem like you are hiding something.--Owenaprhys 23:44, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

 * The bottom line is that BluegrassReport.org is a notable critic of Governor Fletcher; therefore, it's safe to assume it belongs in this article. That it is in the See also section is rather innocuous anyway. —  Stevie is the man!  Talk 18:37, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * BluegrassReport.org is not a credible source. It is a blog full of accusations without evidence, gossip without basis, and frequently false facts.  If that blogger likes someone (like state Treasurer Jonathan Miller, who got him to start it) then only good news about that person appears; if that blogger dislikes someone, he regularly smears them, usually for no good reason.  Beyond that, that blogger is currently under indictment for felony tax evasion; it is hard to think of an indicator of dishonesty greater than that.  Citing that blog as some sort of reference is pathetic. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.225.120.174 (talk • contribs)

 * It's irrelevant whether BluegrassReport.org is seen as a credible source. It is not being used as a reference in this article.  Rather, it is listed as a related topic under "See also", as it is indeed related.  And it's also clearly notable.  Since that article and its listing here make it clear it's a partisan blog, I don't see what the issue is.  Stevie is the man!  Talk • Work 02:29, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

I had to point out what (above) is probably the most hypocritical and laughable posting ever put on Wikipedia:

"And no, it was not an ad hominem attack, it was a simple question based on the fact that you are clueless about Kentucky and Kentucky politics."

Why didn't that guy just post "Allow me to deny that my prior ad hominem attack was an ad hominem attack and then try to justify it with yet another ad hominem attack"?

Pathetic. 20:08, 6 August 2006 —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 4.225.120.195 (talk • contribs).

Welcome to Wiki Ernie. Congrats on your Revisions of History. Do it enough and I bet most people will forget that you are tainted and will vote for you............Yeah, right.

 * Comments like the one above, among others, demonstrate why pages like this have to be protected against partisan hacks with agendas. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.225.120.174 (talk • contribs)

 * There are no restrictions on who can participate as long as policies are followed. Stevie is the man!  Talk • Work 02:25, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

Plea deal?
Why would the events of August 23/24, 2006 be labeled as a 'plea deal'? No plea was entered. 'Agreement to dismiss' is more accurate.
 * you're right, it wasn't a plea deal. thanks for correcting it. Anthonymendoza 01:17, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

Image
We need an image of Ernie Fletcher for fair use in this article. If anyone can please find a pic and upload it with the correct tag, that would be great. Veracious Rey   talk  •  contribs  •  review   20:11, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

Pardons at end of tenure in office
Governor Fletcher issued some very questionable criminal pardons at the end of his term in office. I think they are at least as significant as some of the things discussed in this article, such as the Cumberlands issues. That's especially true given Fletcher's controversial use of his pardon power earlier in his term. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.224.111.28 (talk) 20:01, 27 December 2007 (UTC)

Executive orders section
I am relocating the "Executive orders" section here. As it is, the section includes only one executive order which, in the grand scheme of the events of Fletcher's administration, seems a pretty small issue. The section itself is pretty short; if it is replaced, there should be some discussion of lasing impacts that resulted from the order, if there are any. Acdixon (talk • contribs • count) 17:05, 21 July 2010 (UTC)

Copied text follows:

In April 2006, Fletcher signed an executive order removing language from the state's affirmative action plan specifically protecting state workers based on their sexual orientation and gender identity. Fletcher handed down his executive order on Kentucky's ninth annual "Diversity Day," reversing an order signed by former Governor Paul Patton two years earlier that protected state employees from bias including their sexual orientations or gender identities.

Offered a commission?
It looks like Fletcher was the "commander" of various USAF aircraft, including the F-4 Phantom. Well, I question this -- or at least the connection between his service as a commander and turning down a commission. Pilots in the USAF are officers. The F-4 does not require much of a crew. So how would Fletcher be a "commander" of the aircraft? (Yes, I know, the person piloting an aircraft is the pilot in command.) That is, if he did not have a commission, why was he piloting the craft? The utter lack of in-line citations makes this problem difficult to reconcile.--S. Rich (talk) 00:29, 15 September 2010 (UTC)
 * "Utter lack of inline citations"? Every sentence in the paragraph is cited, some more than once. While I don't claim any real knowledge of Air Force protocol or rank, here are some relevant quotes from the sources I used. Perhaps you can use them to reconcile the conflicts you see:

 * From Fletcher's biography at the National Governor's Association:

"He served in the U.S. Air Force as an F-4E Aircraft Commander and NORAD Alert Force Commander, leading flights that intercepted Soviet military aircraft during the Cold War."

 * From Al Cross' biography of Fletcher in Kentucky's Governors (ed. Lowell H. Harrison), p. 265:

"The next year, hoping to become an astronaut, he signed up for air force ROTC and after earning an engineering degree went on active duty. His assignment included interception of of Soviet aircraft near Alaska, and he got high marks from his superiors, but he turned down a regular commission when his six-year commitment was up in 1980."

 * From Courtney Kinney's article "Dr., Preacher, Pilot...Gov?" in The Kentucky Post (September 7, 2003):

Fletcher, a member of ROTC, graduated in 1974 and went straight to Air Force flight training in Oklahoma. After flight school, he was stationed in Alaska during the Cold War where he flew missions for three years. His Air Force training, Fletcher said, prepared him for everything else that came along -- medical school and politics. "It was always a lot of pressure. We were always being tested," he said. "We were intercepting Soviet aircraft, so we had to be up on enemy weapon systems. It was not a laid-back, relaxing job, but I liked it."

 * From "Kentucky's Military Governors", a part of the Kentucky National Guard e-Museum:

"Governor Fletcher joined the United States Air Force in 1974 and served as an F-4E Aircraft Commander and NORAD Alert Force Commander where he led flights that intercepted Soviet military aircraft during the Cold War. Fletcher departed the Air Force in 1980 with the rank of Captain. His awards and decorations included the Air Force Commendation Medal and the Air Force Outstanding Unit Award."

 * I found that last one after I finished working on the article. I've just added the relevant new information to the article.

 * Hope this helps clear things up. Acdixon (talk • contribs • count) 13:55, 15 September 2010 (UTC)

I've just changed the category listing to the more specific USAF officer. Regarding the commission, here is where some lack of expertise gets in the way of proper verification. He may have been a "reserve" commissioned officer in the USAF, but according to the last item you provided, he was commissioned. In the Army at least, we have officers of the "Regular Army" and the "Army of the United States". These are two branches of the officer corps, and both involve commissioning. I surmise the USAF has a similar arrangement. With this in mind, it is inaccurate to simply say he turned down a commission, because it looks like he had a commission (perhaps as a reserve officer). Moreover, it's inaccurate to say he turned down a regular commission because of such-and-such reason. From what I've seen, we do not have verification for this. Hence, my complaint about the lack of WP:IC. There are lots of cits, and while print cits are good, they are impossible to follow without the actual print article in-hand. Since the cits you've provided are available on-line, I hope you'll fix. Thank you so very much, Acdixon, and please forgive my overblown complaint about the citations.--S. Rich (talk) 15:38, 15 September 2010 (UTC)

PS: The entry about receiving an Air Force Outstanding Unit Award may be puffery on someone's part. To the uninformed reader, it may look like the individual received the award while actually the unit to which the individual unit was assigned received the award. Such awards are worn on the right side of the individual's uniform. The left side is for the awards given to the individual as an individual. At least in the Army, when you are a member of the unit that receives the Unit Award when it receives the award, you get to wear it always on the right. If you are a member of a unit that has received a Unit Award in the past, you get to wear the award while you are a member of the unit, but must remove it when you depart the unit. Small point, of interest only to military personnel. We look at these things when we look at the awards fellow service members have received, in small part to establish pecking order. It is no big deal (unless you are wearing an un-earned award), and certainly not an important item to a civilian. I hope you can clear up what Cross has said about turning down a commission without complicating the issue to much. Best regards. --S. Rich (talk) 15:54, 15 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Actually, immediately after what Cross says above, he states: "Fletcher said the defense budget had been cut, reducing his squadron's flying time and morale, and he thought a medical degree from the University of Kentucky might help him become an astronaut." Also, a 2003 article by Roger Alford in The Kentucky Post states, "But amid military cutbacks during the Carter Administration, Fletcher left the Air Force, returned to Lexington, enrolled in the UK medical school, graduated in 1984, and became a family practice physician." ("Fletcher Wants to Add Governor to Full Resume", The Kentucky Post, March 3, 2003). It seems like I read this elsewhere, too, but I can't lay hands on the sources right now. So his reasons for leaving the Air Force do seem to be documented. Is it now accurate to say "He was offered a regular commission in 1980, but he declined it, citing cutbacks in defense funding and reduced flying time for his squadron."?
 * Regarding the Outstanding Unit Award, I'll defer to your judgment as to whether or not it should be included. Acdixon (talk • contribs • count) 16:13, 15 September 2010 (UTC)

Thanks again. Certainly leave the Unit Award in -- it is referenced properly. I do take issue with "citing" the reasons he left the Air Force. Did he say "I'm turning down the regular commission you have offered me because . . .."? (Worded this way makes it sound like he was making a sort of protest.) No. A more neutral tone is needed. I'd prefer something like, "As budget cutbacks were reducing his squadron's flying time and because he wanted to pursue a medical degree, Fletcher turned down a regular commission in the Air Force and enrolled in medical school." The "his squadron's flying time" is a red herring in three respects: One -- Once he received the regular commission, he very likely would have rotated out into another unit. Two -- It may have been his own morale and flying time that he was concerned about (e.g., he did not want to become a desk jockey). Three -- We know he wanted to become an astronaut and he saw the reduced flying time as hindering this ambition. These are surmises on my part, but they do illustrate how merely "citing reduced flying time" etc. is a POV statement.--S. Rich (talk) 16:58, 15 September 2010 (UTC)
 * When I was initially reviewing the sources and recomposing the article a few months back, I was left with the impression that he did directly mention the budget cuts as a reason for leaving the Air Force and his departure probably was at least partially in protest. While I'm not really convinced there is a POV issue here, I've adopted your suggestion, although I've left the bit about medical school until the following paragraph for better flow. I've also removed the dubious tag. Let me know if you see further issues with this adjusted language, and thanks for providing some clarity. I always feel a little ill-equipped to describe a person's military service in much detail. Over the past few years, I've rewritten the articles about every Kentucky governor; many of them have military records, so if you're interested in checking the others for clarity and accuracy, be my guest. Acdixon (talk • contribs • count) 18:10, 15 September 2010 (UTC)

Thanks. Feel free to send a message by my talk page or by Wikimail.--S. Rich (talk) 18:55, 15 September 2010 (UTC)

Wiki Project Creationism still relevant here?
I see that this article is listed under Wiki Project Creationism/Intelligent design. There is no mention of these issues in the actual article at this point (other than him being listed under . With that in mind, should this article be delisted from that project?

By the way, a belated congratulations to everyone who worked on this article to get it to GA. The only thing I knew about him prior to reading this was the plane incident on the way to Reagan's funeral, and I found the article interesting and informative. Kansan (talk) 00:15, 11 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the congratulations, and I'm glad you enjoyed the article. As you can see above, while trying to get the article to GA, I found that the bit about his ID advocacy didn't fit well into the overall narrative and was a comparatively minor issue in his term as governor; hence, I moved it to the talk page. I'm inclined to believe that the article doesn't and never did belong in WP:Creationism, since it doesn't seem that Fletcher's belief in ID affected much of anything. I think you'd be safe to remove him from the project, but others may disagree. Acdixon (talk • contribs • count) 13:30, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

Ancestors section
I just found this article after following the link to it in this week's Signpost. It's impressively comprehensive and well-sourced, and deserves to be a featured article; but I have to ask, what's the point of the 'Ancestors' section at the end? Tables like that are commonly used in articles on members of royal or noble families, where most or all of the ancestors have articles themselves; this is the first time I've seen it in an article on an 'ordinary person' (for lack of a better term), whose ancestors seem to have been entirely unremarkable. Does this table really add any useful information to the article, beyond what's in the 'Early life' section already? Robofish (talk) 14:46, 22 October 2011 (UTC) While I would disagree that US governors are just "ordinary" people, I don't think that the ahentafel charts are lacking useful information. So many US governors have gone on to higher offices or become notorious characters.
 * I've dropped a note to User:Spacini, who has been adding these for Kentucky governors lately. I think it was something he was doing for the Kentucky Historical Society, but I'm not sure about that. Glad you enjoyed the article. 15:22, 22 October 2011 (UTC)

It seems that the "BE BOLD" aspect of Wikipedia has been abandoned by many editors and I would think that the ancestry of a governor might be of interest to someone. It's information that isn't conveniently found anywhere else and for someone doing research about a governor's family--particularly their ethnic, religious, economic, or geographic origins--the names are there and they can choose to do original research of their own on those individuals.

Several Kentucky governors came from large, political "machine" families: John Y. Brown, Jr, Buckner, Garrard, Crittenden, Helm and others come to mind. Some, like Brown, have children or other relatives who are currently active in Kentucky politics. Then we have notables like Goebel, Chandler, and Shelby, who are remarkable in their own right and their ancestry and political philosophies were directly influenced by their families' origins.

Personally, I do not see the ahentafel charts as being intrusive or cluttering to the articles as the default display is hidden. But if folks want me to stop adding them, I will. It's a tremendous amount of work, but to me it is enjoyable.

My amigo Acdixon is right that I am working on a project for the Kentucky Historical Society to document Kentucky's governors' ancestries. That work will include the very things I described above that helped shape those men and one woman to become governors. But that is original research and that's verboten on Wikipedia. The ahentafel charts for our more recent governors are bland--I cannot deny that. Not a lot of notable people in their ancestries. But the further back one goes, the number of governors with ancestors who have Wikipedia articles increases.

Honestly, I'm just glad that someone has noticed the work that I've been doing. Thank you for noticing, even if you don't think it's particularly valuable information.

--Spacini (talk) 15:48, 22 October 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Ernie Fletcher


text: Template:OR-FedRep

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Template:OR-FedRep


text:
Justin Sofio

Justin Sofio (born April 15, 1979) is an American racing driver from Arleta, California.

In 2005, his rookie season in the Atlantic Series, he was the Atlantic C2-class Champion with six wins for Binder Racing. He returned to the series in the main championship with Mathiasen Motorsports in 2006 and placed 18th. In 2007, with the same team, he placed 11th, finishing every race with a best finish of eighth. Those were his last professional racing appearances.

title: Justin Sofio


text:
Techniques d'Avant Garde

TAG Group (Holdings) S.A. is a private holding company based in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. The name 'TAG' is an acronym of Techniques d'Avant Garde. The company generates revenue through its various subsidiaries that offer products and services in the business aviation, motorsports, hospitality, consumer products and real estate industries.

History
TAG was formed in 1977 by Akram Ojjeh and was, until his death, led by Chief Executive Officer Mansour Ojjeh, the son of the founder.

One of the first contracts obtained by TAG (Al Mansour, Ets. Akkram Ojjeh, dept. Housing TAG) came from the Saudi Government (presumably for the Royal Saudi Air Force) for works on airports in Riyadh, Tabuk and Khamis Musheit (Abha) (IATA: RUH, TUU and ABH) starting in 1977. A lot of works were subcontracted to the Belgian company CFE S.A.,located in Brussels, who leased a Boeing 707 from Sabena Airlines (callsign OO-SJH, mixed cargo/pax) to transport personnel and materials to/from Saudi Arabia. The OO-SJH carried the TAG logo on its tail for some 3 years.

In 1985, TAG Group (Holdings) S.A. purchased Swiss watchmaker Heuer. TAG Group combined the TAG and Heuer brands to create the TAG Heuer brand and also gave its newly acquired watchmaking subsidiary the combined TAG Heuer name. Under TAG Group's ownership, TAG Heuer modernised its product line and significantly increased worldwide sales. LVMH purchased the TAG Heuer subsidiary in 1999 for US$740 million. TAG Group is now primarily a holding company for Ojjeh's shareholdings in TAG Aviation and McLaren Group.

Aviation

TAG Aeronautics was the distributor of Bombardier aircraft in the Middle East until January 2016. TAG Aviation SA is the Dealer for the HondaJet business aircraft in Northern Europe.

Based in Geneva, Switzerland, TAG Aviation is a provider of business aviation services, aircraft management, aircraft charter, maintenance, sales and acquisitions. TAG Aviation USA, Inc is the American aviation management company located in San Francisco. TAG is a broker for and part owner of the AMI Jet Charter company in San Francisco that holds the FAA air carrier certificate to operate in the US. In late 2007 AMI Jet Charter's air carrier certificate was revoked by the FAA due to alleged operational control violations. However, there is ongoing speculation the FAA had other motives other than operational control. The company now operates solely as a broker of aircraft. In August 2016, TAG Aviation signed a partnership with Stratajet to offer its customers TAG's fixed base operator (FBO) services as part of their booking options.

TAG Farnborough Airport Ltd. is a subsidiary of TAG Aviation which owns the freehold on Farnborough Airport southwest of London in the United Kingdom. The freehold was bought from the UK MOD Ministry of Defence in 2007 following the previous 99 lease agreement signed in 1999. In 2018, the CAA's decision to grant TAG's application for large controlled zones in a large swathe of airspace near Farnborough was to be investigated by the All-Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) on General Aviation.

Motorsport
TAG sponsored Formula One team Williams during the early 1980s, covering the period when team drivers Alan Jones and Keke Rosberg won the and  World Championships respectively. During the 1983 season, Mansour Ojjeh had a meeting with McLaren team boss Ron Dennis, who offered Ojjeh the chance of not just a sponsorship deal but having part ownership of McLaren. Ojjeh agreed and the McLaren relationship continues to this day, with the TAG Group currently owning 14% of McLaren Group. Consequently TAG also has stakes in McLaren Group's subsidiaries. McLaren's most famous companies include McLaren Racing and McLaren Automotive.

Formula One engine results
(key) (results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)

 * Notes:
 * $†$ – Driver did not finish the Grand Prix, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance.
 * $†$ – Half points awarded as less than 75% of the race distance was completed.

Other
Other areas of business include advanced technology, real estate and consumer products.

title: Techniques d'Avant Garde


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Justine Kreuk

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 20:38, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Justine Kreuk
The sister of a famous person is not famous. RickK 23:14, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Also, a gymnast is not notable until she has won some major competitions. Zzyzx11 | Talk 23:16, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Winning isn't necessarily a prereq for notability. See, for example, Phil Mickelson (this was the case for him for a while), and Anna Kournikova.  But I would still vote to delete this article because she hasn't made the 2010 Olympics team, much less participated, won, etc.... (And there isn't a Summer Games in 2010.  Which Olympics is this?)  Justine herself gets only 59 Google results, a lot of which are repeats and keyword-stuffing incidents.  --Idont Havaname 04:05, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Keep the article as this person's accomplishment is notable for her skill and unique Gymnastic talents.

I am the author of the page. It may seem to be a double standard if my article is to be deleted. I have seen articles on famous people where related obscure people got written about. For example, Britney Spears had a non-famous and obscure man in her life, Kevin Federline, and he was written about in even less detail. Granted Kristin is far less popular than the pop star, but the standard should be the same for every celebrity, yes?
 * Comment: The biggest non-speculative claim to notability would be "placed in top finishes in numerous provincial competitions". Kappa 00:07, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Kevin Federline was a dancer before he ever started dating Britney Spears. RickK 22:51, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * No, the standard should not be the same for every celebrity. Why would they be? Delete. Meelar (talk) 01:28, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: her only verifiable gymnastics result is a second placing in the Open Level II all-around division at the Flicka Gymnastics Club in 2002 . She'll be notable when she gets to Vancouver, not before. --bainer 07:22, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not a celebrity. Every little girl wants to be a gymnast (or a dancer or some kind of athlete). Get her out of here.  When she wins the Olympics, then an article might be appropriate.  --Coolcaesar 19:17, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Considering we seem to have an article on every person who has ever participated in the Olympics, I would say she could have an article if she appears in the Olympics, not necessarily wins them. RickK 22:51, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Exophora

Err.. Exophora can be either deixis or what?

yea either deixis or.....? im waiting.....

How come no reference to anaphora? Stevenmitchell 20:26, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

Definition?
This is by no means a definition... "In linguistics, exophora is reference to something extralinguistic, and contrasts with endophora." That's just giving an example of what it isn't. soldierx40k (talk) 01:31, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

The Queen
"The Queen" is a bad example. It can easily occur in a sentence of a country that has no queen, in which case it often is understood to refer to the queen of England (at least that's how it works in Germany), just like "der Kaiser" or "the Tsar" are (or were) understood in English to refer to the respective specific heads of state. Sebastian 12:33, 14 November 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Exophora


text:
Gábor Wéber

Gábor Wéber (born 4 December 1971 in Budapest) is a Hungarian auto racing driver who competed in one race of the 2003 Porsche Supercup. Since 2008 he has been competing in the SEAT León Eurocup, and he won the 2010 season with the Zengő-Dension Team. He made his debut in the World Touring Car Championship in 2012 with Zengő Motorsport. He also is a commentator of the Formula One coverage on Hungarian TV channel Hungarian Television M4 Sport.

Zengő Motorsport (2012)
Wéber moved up to the 2012 season of the FIA World Touring Car Championship where he drove a BMW 320 TC for Zengő Motorsport alongside Norbert Michelisz. He was forced to miss the Race of Morocco due to financial issues and was only expected to compete in the European rounds of the championship as a result. In race two of the Race of Hungary he collided with TMS Sport driver James Thompson and was issued with a drive-through penalty for his involvement in the incident. The Race of Portugal saw Wéber collide with Lukoil Racing driver Aleksei Dudukalo sending both cars into the gravel traps; they were able to return to the pits to retire their cars after the incident. He skipped the next round in Brazil due to an insufficient budget. He aimed to return to the championship in 2013.

Complete World Touring Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

title: Gábor Wéber


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Morris Brown College

Morris Brown College (MBC) is a private Methodist historically black liberal arts college in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded January 5, 1881, Morris Brown is the first educational institution in Georgia to be owned and operated entirely by African Americans.

Establishment
Originally called the Morris Brown Colored College, it was founded on January 5, 1881 by African Americans affiliated with the African Methodist Episcopal Church, the first independent black denomination in the United States. It was named to honor the denomination's second bishop, Morris Brown, originally from Charleston, South Carolina.

After the end of the American Civil war, the AME Church sent numerous missionaries to the South to found new churches. They planted many new AME congregations in Georgia and other states, where hundreds of thousands of freedmen joined this independent black denomination.

On January 5, 1881, the North Georgia Annual Conference of the AME Church passed a resolution to establish an educational institution in Atlanta for the moral, spiritual, and intellectual growth of Negro boys and girls. The school chartered and opened October 15, 1885, with 107 students and nine teachers. Morris Brown was the first educational institution in Georgia to be owned and operated entirely by African Americans. By 1898 the school had 14 faculty, 422 students, and 18 graduates. For more than a century, the college enrolled many students from poor backgrounds, large numbers of whom returned to their hometowns as teachers, as education was a mission of high priority.

Fountain Hall, originally known as Stone Hall when occupied by Atlanta University, was completed in 1882. After Atlanta University consolidated its facilities, it leased the building to Morris Brown College, which renamed it as Fountain Hall. It is closely associated with the history of Morris Brown College and has been designated as a National Historic Landmark.

Morris Brown College's Herndon Stadium was the site of the field hockey competitions during the 1996 Summer Olympics. The stadium is designed to seat 15,000 spectators. In 1950, the President of Georgia Tech and civil rights lecturer Blake R Van Leer delivered the commencement address. Van Leer would later be involved in a local battle against a racist Governor at the time.

Embezzlement prosecution
By the early 2000s, eighty percent of the school's 2,500 students received financial aid from the federal government, totaling $8 million annually. Under the federal government's grant-in-aid, a college student financial aid program, accredited universities requested the Department of Education to reimburse grants in aid based on the enrollment of financially qualified students for each semester/quarter hour.

A federal criminal case was filed against the former president, Dolores Cross, and the financial aid director (the accountable fiscal officer), Parvesh Singh, alleging that they had, on behalf of the university, submitted to the Department of Education (the grant administrator) false declarations of enrollment of students for certain semesters. The charges said that in the specified semesters, the students identified in the declarations had not, in fact, been enrolled. Since the grant-in-aid program's structure required the federal funds received to be applied to each individual enrolled student's account, the two school officers committed their second offense of embezzlement when they unlawfully applied these funds directly to ineligible college costs, such as salaries for personal staff, instead of applying the funds to offset individual students' enrollment expenses.

In 2002, the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools revoked the college's accreditation because of its financial problems. Cross and Singh were charged in December 2004 in a 34-count indictment that accused them of defrauding the university, the U.S. Department of Education, and hundreds of students. The pair, who had first worked together at a college in Chicago, Illinois, were convicted of using the names of hundreds of students, ex-students, and people who were never enrolled in order to obtain financial aid funds that they applied for other purposes.

During the time Cross held the college presidency, from November 1998 through February 2002, Singh obtained about 1,800 payments from federally insured loans and Pell grants for these students, who had no idea they would be responsible for paying off the loans, the indictment said. Singh pleaded guilty to one count of embezzlement. Singh, 64, was sentenced to five years of probation and 18 months of home confinement.

At the time of the 2004 indictment, Cross was teaching at DePaul University in Chicago. On May 1, 2006, Cross pleaded guilty to fraud by embezzlement. She agreed to pay $11,000 to the Department of Education in restitution.

On January 3, 2007, Cross was sentenced to five years of probation and one year of home confinement for the fraud. Cross, 70 years old, suffers from sleep apnea and has had a series of small strokes, factors the judge took into consideration. An additional factor the judge considered for each person was that they did not use the embezzled funds for personal profit, but to prop up the school's poor finances. The initial indictment said Cross had used the funds to finance personal trips for herself, her family, and friends.

The prosecutor, U.S. Attorney David Nahmias, said at the sentencing: "When the defendants arrived at Morris Brown, the college was already in serious financial condition. Thereafter, these defendants misappropriated ... money in fairly complicated ways in what appears to have been a misguided and ultimately criminal attempt to keep Morris Brown afloat."

Aftermath (2003-2019)
At its peak before accreditation issues, the college had approximately 2,500 students enrolled.

In 2004, Samuel D. Jolley, who had been the school's president from 1993 to 1997, agreed to return to the presidency to help the college's attempts to recover. The school hoped to have 107 students in fall 2006, the same number when the school opened in 1881, but failed to meet that goal. Tuition in the fall semester of 2006 was $3,500, but without accreditation, students cannot obtain federal or state financial aid for their tuition and other school expenses.

By February 2007, MBC had 54 students in two degree programs, supported by 7 faculty and staff employees. After the sentencing of two former administrators, the chair of the college's board of trustees, Bishop William Phillips DeVeaux, issued a press release stating the college would move forward and that "This sad chapter in the college's history is now closed."

In addition to civil lawsuits filed by former and current students, Morris Brown faced a civil suit for defaulting on a $13 million property bond, a case that could have led to foreclosure on some of the college's most historic buildings, including its administration building. The complaint asked for $10.7 million in principal owed on the loan agreement, $1.5 million in interest, and a per diem of $2,100 for each day Morris Brown does not pay.

In December 2008, the City of Atlanta disconnected water service to the college because of an overdue water bill. The debt was paid and the service restored.

Radio personality Tom Joyner made several offers to buy the troubled college from 2002 through 2004, during the worst of the accreditation and fraud crises. In 2003, his charitable foundation gave the school $1 million to assist with its immediate needs.

The school faced foreclosure in September 2012. The college filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in an attempt to prevent foreclosure and sale of the school at auction.

In June 2013, Morris Brown's board of trustees rejected a $9.7 million offer from the city of Atlanta. However, negotiations continued and mid-year in 2014 Morris Brown reached an agreement with Invest Atlanta, Atlanta's economic development agency. The offer eliminated the school's $35 million debt by purchasing the 37 acres on which the college sits, paying the school's creditors, and paying $480,000 in back pay owed to professors and staff. The college will be able to retain use of several historic buildings for educational purposes. The city's administration wishes to revitalize the area around Morris Brown; the site of the new Atlanta Falcons stadium is just east of the campus. Mayor Kasim Reed said that the city has no interest in operating the school, and that it would be illegal for them to do so.

Several of Morris Brown's buildings are in an extreme state of disrepair and have been heavily damaged, including Herndon Stadium, the Middleton Twin Towers dorm, Gaines Hall, and Furber Cottage. Gaines Hall was heavily damaged by a two-alarm fire in August 2015. Mayor Reed indicated in August 2015 that he would like to see the city help preserve the building.

As of fall 2018, the college had less than 50 students enrolled. The college received approximately 2,000 applications but interest dropped significantly once applicants were notified they can not receive financial aid because the college was not accredited.

The Hard Reset and The Resurgence (2019-present)
The board of trustees selected Kevin James to serve as interim president of the college in 2019. James came to Morris Brown after a 20-year career in higher education, serving as a senior-level administrator, with positions at Strayer University and Herzing University as a dean of academic affairs. James led the charge calling the initiative to make Morris Brown College the number one HBCU in this country in every metric, "The Hard Reset."

Under James' leadership, Morris Brown was authorized as an institute of higher learning by the Georgia Nonpublic Postsecondary Education Commission (GNPEC) in 2019. The approval was a notable step towards regaining full accreditation. Dr. James was officially named President in 2020. He was also to raise millions of dollars for the school and establish lucrative partnerships to help further its growth. In 2021, the college became beneficiaries of a $30 million investment that partners them with Hilton to establish a new hotel on campus and reestablish a hospitality management degree program to train Brownites and its application for accreditation candidacy through the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools (TRACS) was approved, enabling the school to regain access to federal financial aid programs and Title IV funding.

In 2024, James was offered and accepted a contract extension to retain his position until June 2029.

''“I am humbled and honored that the Board has this level of confidence in my leadership and excited to continue as President of Morris Brown College,” James said. “I look forward to working with the Board of Trustees, faculty, staff, students, alumni, and the community to lead the institution into our next level of excellence through what we call, ‘The Resurgence’.”''

As of April 2024, Morris Brown has an enrollment of 300+ students.

Academics
Morris Brown offers the baccalaureate degrees in:

 * General Studies (B.A.)
 * Music (B.A.)
 * Vocal Performance
 * Church Music
 * Music Production
 * Organizational Management and Leadership (B.S.)
 * Global Management and Applied Leadership (B.S., E-Sports Performance concentration)
 * Hospitality Management (B.S.)

 * Psychology (B.S.)

The Department of Business also offers four certificate programs including:

 * Certificate in Nonprofit Management
 * Certificate in Entrepreneurship
 * Certificate in E-Sports Performance
 * Certificate in Hospitality Management

Accreditation
Morris Brown was unaccredited from 2003 to 2022. Until 2003, Morris Brown was accredited by a regional accreditor, the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).

In March 2019, the college's leaders announced that the college was applying for accreditation through the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools (TRACS) within 12 to 18 months. The college's application for candidacy was accepted by TRACS in early 2021, enabling the college to once again receive federal financial aid and other funding.

On April 26, 2022, Morris Brown College was granted full accreditation in a unanimous vote from the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools.

This is a rare example of a college regaining accreditation after nearly 20 years without it.

Athletics
In the early 2000s, the college briefly had an independent NCAA Division I athletics program. Prior to the Division I transition, the college was a founding and active member of the NCAA Division II Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference between 1913 and 2000.

The Morris Brown Wolverines football program played at Herndon Stadium on campus until the athletic program was discontinued in 2003. Despite an inactive athletics program, Morris Brown has continued its homecoming tradition every fall semester on campus.

Campus Life
Since gaining reaccreditation in 2022, student life has seen a significant reemergence. Several student organizations have returned to campus including:

 * Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. - Iota Chapter
 * Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc. - Beta Lambda Chapter
 * Delta Omicron International Music Fraternity, Inc. - Gamma Beta Chapter
 * Student Government Association
 * The Morris Brown College Choir
 * Golden Key International Honor Society
 * National Council of Negro Women (chartered 2023)
 * Ward Modeling Troop
 * MBC E-Sports Team

The Marching Wolverines
Morris Brown College was well known for its popular and sizable marching band program, "The Marching Wolverines", and danceline "Bubblin Brown Sugar." Both were strongly featured in the 2002 box office hit Drumline and invited to perform at the first Honda Battle of the Bands event in 2003. In 2006, the rappers OutKast released a song named "Morris Brown" that featured the marching band.

Due to accreditation problems at the college in the 2000s, the band program eventually discontinued. There have been conversations by Morris Brown's leadership to bring back the marching band program and athletics now that the school is accredited again.

title: Morris Brown College


text:
Kiyoaki Hanai

Kiyoaki Hanai is a Japanese race car driver. Hanai competed in one round of the 1997 FIA GT Championship, and two rounds of the 1997 All-Japan Grand Touring Car Championship, driving for Team Signal. His best finish was 29th, at the 300 km of Suzuka.

title: Kiyoaki Hanai


text:
The Black Man

The Black Man: His Antecedents, His Genius, and His Achievements is a book published in 1863 by William Wells Brown which sketches the lives of individuals Brown determined had by their "own genius, capacity, and intellectual development, surmounted the many obstacles which slavery and prejudice have thrown in their way, and raised themselves to positions of honor and influence".

title: The Black Man


text:
CSL

CSL as an abbreviation may stand for:

Places

 * Coordinated Science Laboratory, at the University of Illinois
 * Liège Space Center (Centre spatial de Liège), at the University of Liege in Belgium
 * Central Science Laboratory, a former UK DEFRA laboratory services agency

Languages

 * Croatian Sign Language, a sign language for the deaf in Croatia
 * Chinese Sign Language, a sign language for the deaf in China, Malaysia, and Taiwan
 * Clay Sanskrit Library, a series of books in Sanskrit with English translations
 * Context-sensitive language, a class of formal languages in computational linguistics

Sciences

 * Crosshole sonic logging, method for testing a constructed material
 * Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate, a food additive used as an emulsifier
 * Continuous spontaneous localization, a dynamical reduction theory in quantum mechanics
 * Hartmann's solution, compound sodium lactate, used in intravenous transfusions

Military

 * Cooperative Security Location, a US military facility
 * CSL, the designation code for Royal Australian Navy Wattle-class crane stores lighters

Computing

 * Citation Style Language, an open XML-based standard to format citations and bibliographies
 * Current-steering logic, an alternative name for emitter-coupled logic in electronics
 * Context-sensitive language, a language generated from a context-sensitive grammar

Companies

 * CSL Group Ltd, a British machine to machine communications company
 * CSL Mobile, subsidiary of Hong Kong Telecom
 * CSL Limited, an Australian biotechnology company, formerly Commonwealth Serum Laboratories
 * CSL Behring, a subsidiary company of CSL Limited
 * Canada Steamship Lines, a Canadian shipping company
 * CSL Sofas, a furniture chain in the United Kingdom
 * Cochin Shipyard Limited, a shipbuilding company in Kerala, India

Sports

 * CAL Spora Luxembourg, amateur athletics club in Luxembourg
 * Canadian Soccer League, a soccer league in Canada since 2006
 * Canadian Soccer League (1987–1992), a soccer league in Canada
 * Chinese Super League, the premier league of association football in China
 * Cosmopolitan Soccer League, a soccer league in United States

Politics

 * Canadian Socialist League, a political party active from 1898 to 1904
 * Czechoslovak People's Party (Československá strana lidová, ČSL), a political party

Others

 * Centers for Spiritual Living, a religious denomination
 * Certain models of BMW car, designated BMW CSL
 * Charter seat license, name used by a few sports teams for a personal seat license

title: CSL


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Strikken

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 20:41, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Strikken
Fails Music Notability Guidelines test. No national tour. Look like basically a local garage band at the moment. If they get big, great, but for now, wasting space. --Woohookitty 23:17, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, band vanity, promo. Megan1967 08:15, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:165.123.190.42

title: User talk:165.123.190.42


text:
Fariqe Hairuman

Fariqe Hairuman (born 10 March 1983) is a Malaysian race car driver.

BTCC
Fariqe is possibly best known as a driver for Team PETRONAS Syntium Proton (Team PSP) in the British Touring Car Championship in 2004.

ATCC
He is also known for having driven in the Asian Touring Car Championship (ATCC) (2006). He is the season's Champion for ATCC 2007 (Overall)

Merdeka Millennium 12 Hour Endurance Race
Fariqe has also competed in the Merdeka Millennium 12 Hour Endurance Race (Open Class) in 2002, 2003 and 2006 on Malaysia's Sepang International Circuit. In 2006, he led team PETRONAS to victory in Class C (Production cars below 1600cc) Other team members were Syahrizal Jamaluddin and Fauzi Othman. 2009 he came 2nd in MME driving the BMW Z4M with his teammate Masataka Yanagida & Nobuteru Taniguchi. 2010 DNF as the mechanical problem with the car. 2011 he was the first Malaysian to drive the Mercedes SLS GT3 in the world. As the result in MMER 2011 he came 3rd overall. Lead for 10 hours of the race before a mechanical problem on the front wheel. 2012 2nd overall with the Mercedes SLS GT3.

Super Taikyu
2007 he competed in the Super Taikiyu in Japan, driving his new car, the BMW Z4M with Japanese driver Masataka Yanagida. 2008 finished 2nd in the championship. 2009 1st in championship.

Personal life
Fariqe is married and lives in Johor, Malaysia. His personal car is a Mitsuoka Zero One. Formerly, he drove an Alfa Romeo 145. He often participates in drives with ItaliaAuto Club Malaysia.

Complete British Touring Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position - 1 point awarded in first race) (Races in italics indicate the fastest lap - 1 point awarded all races) ( * signifies that driver lead race for at least one lap - 1 point awarded all races)

TCR Spa 500 results
2019:

- TCR Spa 500 1st in Pro-Am

- Sepang 1000km Champion

- Malaysia Touring car Champion

2018:

- Sepang 1000km Champion

2017:

- Sepang 1000km

2015:

· Malaysian Touring Car Champion

2014:

· Sepang 1000 km debut -Qualified 3rd -DNF

2013:

•Super Taikyu Endurance Series ~ 2nd · 1st race driver to win in newly open Inje Speedway (Korea)

2012:

•Malaysia Merdeka Endurance Series 2012 ~ 2nd Overall •Super Taikyu Endurance Series ~ Champion

2011:

•Malaysia Merdeka Endurance Series 2011 ~ 2nd Overall •Super Taikyu Endurance Series ~ 2nd

2010:

•Dunlop 24Hours Dubai ~ Class winner, 2nd overall •Super Taikyu Endurance Series ~ Champion

2009:

• Full season Super Taikyu Endurance Series ~ 2nd overall. • PETRONAS Primax 3 Merdeka Millenium Endurance Race ~ 2nd overall.

2008:

• Full season Super Taikyu Endurance Series Champion, winner 24-hours of Tokachi ~ 2nd overall Champion in class ST1

2007:

• Full season in the 2007 ATCS ~ Overall Champion Drivers’ championship; 2nd Overall Team Championship • Debuted in the Super Taikyu Endurance Series ~ 5th position overall; 3 Pole positions; 1 x second-place finish; 1 x third-place finish • PETRONAS Primax 3 Merdeka Millennium Endurance Race ~ Led for 11 hours, DNF (Class O) • Full season in the 2006 ATCC, 2nd Overall ATCC Drivers' Championship, 4 x second-place finishes, 5 x third places finishes, Overall Team Championship award •Class C winner in the 2006 PETRONAS Primax 3 Merdeka Millennium Endurance Race

2005:

• Full season in the 2005 ATCC ~ 2nd Overall ATCC Drivers Championship; Two Race wins; Eight 2nd Place finishes • Merdeka Millennium Endurance Race

2004:

• Debuted in the 2004 British Touring Car Championship • Merdeka Millennium Endurance Race ~ 3rd Overall in Class (Class C)

2003:

• New Zealand 8-hours Endurance Race, 1st place • New Zealand 4-hours Endurance Race – DNF • New Zealand 6-hours Endurance Race, 1st place • ATCC Round Sepang, 4th place • Merdeka Millennium 12-hour Endurance Race • Began Circuit acclimatisation programme, UK

2002:

• Johor Race Series, 1st place • ATCC Round Johor, 2nd-place finish • ATCC Round Sepang, 4th place • Merdeka Millennium 12-hour Endurance race

2001:

• Intensive Training at Mansfield Circuit, New Zealand • May - Debut in the Johor Race Series, 5th-place finish • ATCC Round Shah Alam, 2nd-place finish • ATCC Round Sepang, 4th-place finish

title: Fariqe Hairuman


text:
Talk:Fox Kids

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Mshort22.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 21:44, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Beast Wars
Beast Wars wasn't really a Fox Kids show, although it did air breifly on the lineup during 98-99 in the beginning run of Beast Machines. The show did run on numerous FOX affiliates, but the larger market stations were mostly Tribune's WB stations (WPIX, NYC) and Viacom/CBS' UPN affiliates (WKBD Detroit, WPSG Philly)

Woah, why isn't space goofs listed on here? That was a great show! I found a link to it's website on the Internet Movie Data Base.

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0210453/

Shouldn't this article also mention something about the block moving to the WB? Deathawk 01:02, 13 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Uh, no, because Kids' WB and Fox Kids were never connected. The block simply went off the air.  -- WC  Quidditch   ☎   ✎  01:42, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

weird
CardCaptors,Uh oh!,Kirby,X-men evoloution,Liberty kids,Jim knopf and Beyblade didint air on fox kids —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Ninja XLR (talk • contribs).
 * I was just thinking the same thing, but I think that maybe they were aired in European Fox Kids and not the US Fox Kids. We might have to rework the article to make this clear. -- Ned Scott 03:57, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

Actually, they aired on Fox, but not Fox Kids - they were on the Fox Box, which (my opinion sucked) contained lots of Japanese cartoons, with the exception of Stargate. Ilikenwf 04:24, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

Mowgli
Mowgli, the New Adventures of the Jungle Book was shown on Fox Kids Europe (the UK version of the channel), don't know about the USA or elsewhere though. Digifiend 13:50, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Foxkidslogo3d.JPG
Image:Foxkidslogo3d.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot 14:46, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

Pending Merge
I'm planning on merging Fox Kids Weekday Block into this article, as it is redundant and the "weekday block" was always much more likely to be called Fox Kids in general. JPG-GR 18:55, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

Centralized TV Episode Discussion
Over the past months, TV episodes have been redirected by (to name a couple) TTN, Eusebeus and others. No centralized discussion has taken place, so I'm asking everyone who has been involved in this issue to voice their opinions here in this centralized spot, be they pro or anti. Discussion is here. Even if you have not, other opinions are needed because this issue is affecting all TV episodes in Wikipedia. --User: (talk) 02:31, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Foxkids93.jpg
Image:Foxkids93.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 20:49, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Foxkids97.jpg
Image:Foxkids97.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 20:51, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Foxkids98.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 20:53, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Longevity
This sentence in the introduction obviously makes no sense at all:

and lived to be the longest running children's television block/network, alongside Nickelodeon, until the record was surpased by Kids' WB in 2008, which closed after 13 years.

Nickelodeon was founded long before Fox Kids and Kids' WB and is still extant, so Kids' WB NEVER was the longest running children's television block or network, and neither was Fox Kids. --91.52.14.198 (talk) 08:10, 10 December 2012 (UTC)
 * During the 1980s Nickelodeon was not focused on solely-children programming. That direction sparked starting 1990. Meanwhile, Fox Kids was kids-appealing since the beginning. --Bankster (talk) 01:35, 24 April 2017 (UTC)

Totally Kids Magazine
Shouldn't the magazine get a mention? It was a huge part of the network and many of our childhoods. I'm in the process of getting my copies put on archive.org. Ilikenwf (talk) 06:53, 9 August 2013 (UTC)

 * Glad you mentioned this mag. I got the mag for eons after growing up. I remember it had Carmen Sandiego comics, or something Carmen Sandiego related. Anyways, I know comic book collectors who are willing to pay big money for these magazines. Same with older video game magazines, too. Anyways, I don't have any surviving issues. I signed up with the Fox Kids' Club at . . . either a local Taco Bell or local other. I think Taco Bell, in Vegas, was for the 21 Kids' Club. Looks like I have to break-out my tapes. Oh, for people interested, type "coffee4binky Club Mario Sting a Stinger" into YouTube and watch that vid. It makes some sense. Nothing else. 70.180.188.238 (talk) 18:33, 13 September 2013 (UTC)

 * Yeah, it had great, different covers each issue. I'm still missing some issues but I'm rebuilding my colletion. Between me and another guy we have all but maybe 4-5 issues between us. I'm one of those collectors paying big money for these, myself! I'll take a look at the vid. Thanks for the reply and also see http://ia601504.us.archive.org/32/items/TotallyFoxKids/ for issues and the posters from the ones I've scanned so far. Ilikenwf (talk) 19:32, 13 September 2013 (UTC)

Sophie and Virginia
Does anyone know when if/when this broadcast on Fox? The show came out in 1990 like Fox Kids but the Wayback Machine archives only go back to 1996 so there's this 5 year gap where something may have broadcast but not have been represented online. I'm not even sure when the Fox Kids website got launched. Prior to that might info on it have existed on the main Fox site? 184.145.18.50 (talk) 20:40, 3 March 2016 (UTC)
 * I don't recall of this show and on a cursory glance don't believe that show matches FK's tone at the time. Regardless, foxkids.com did not exist in 1990 (nor did MOST websites). JPG-GR (talk) 01:14, 4 March 2016 (UTC)

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UK Fox kids
Prepare A UK Fox Kids Channel Years Active For British Fans To Learn It's Duration. Chazzwt (talk) 11:45, 21 September 2018 (UTC)

The Return of Fox Kids
In late 2016, the Executive Vice-chairman of 21st Century Fox at that time Chase Carey, was receptive to the possibility of the return of children's programming to the Fox Broadcasting Company. While the Xploration Station block was still airing, it was announced in January 2017, the block would no longer be exclusive to the network, instead moving over to MyNetworkTV, The CW, and independent stations. It was also announced that the block would be replaced by a new children's programming block. On August 14, 2017, CEO Rupert Murdoch announced that he was thinking of some names for the new block. Many names were chosen for the new block, including Fox Saturday Mornings, Awesome Saturdays, and Kartoon Krispies. Five days later on August 19, 2017, Murdoch decided that the block would be called Fox Kids, bringing back the former brand used in the United States from 1990 until 2002, and internationally from 1995 until 2005.

A teaser for the block, which was uploaded on Fox's YouTube channel on November 1, 2017, gained lots of viewers over the next 24 hours. An official trailer of the block was aired on May 21, 2018, during Fox's broadcast of Miss USA 2018. The trailer revealed the upcoming shows that would premiere on the block, including The Magic School Bus Rides Again, Chip and Potato, Trolls: The Beat Goes On!, Home: Adventures with Tip & Oh, Harvey Street Kids, The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show, The Stanley Dynamic, Fuller House, Cupcake & Dino: General Services, and Clang Invasion. The trailer also revealed a new logo, retiring the original 1997 logo used for the first incarnation.

To promote Fox Kids, sneak previews of Trolls: The Beat Goes On, Harvey Street Kids, and Cupcake & Dino: General Services aired on FX, FXX, and Nat Geo Wild respectively. The block aired a preview special in primetime on September 23, 2018. The day before, Fox's Xploration Station block was discontinued, with the block moving to other stations. The block made its debut on September 29, 2018.

2601:41:C200:3720:7CC2:705D:1425:BEA0 (talk) 02:40, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fox Kids


text:
Spud Chandler

Spurgeon Ferdinand "Spud" Chandler (September 12, 1907 – January 9, 1990) was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a right-handed starting pitcher and played his entire career for the New York Yankees from 1937 through 1947.

He was named the American League's Most Valuable Player in 1943 after anchoring the team's pitching staff with 20 wins and only 4 losses as New York won its third consecutive pennant; his 1.64 earned run average in that season was the lowest by any major league pitcher between 1920 and 1967, and remains a Yankees team record. In eleven seasons, he never suffered a losing record; with a total of 109 wins and 43 losses, his career winning percentage of .717 is the highest of any pitcher with at least 100 victories since 1876.

Early life
Chandler was born in Commerce, Georgia to Leonard Ferdinand Chandler (1871–1942) and Olivia Catherine Hix (1872–1957). He grew up in Franklin County and graduated from Carnesville High School in 1928, and attended the University of Georgia. He played football as a halfback, throwing a touchdown pass to help defeat Yale in a 1929 game dedicating a new stadium. He also pitched for the baseball team and competed on the track team. He was a brother of the Alpha Gamma Rho fraternity and graduated with a degree in agriculture.

Professional career
Chandler spent five seasons in the Yankees organization after signing with the team, his favorite since boyhood. Chandler finally made his major league debut at age 29 on May 6, 1937, and went 7–4 that season with a 2.84 ERA and six complete games (including two shutouts). The following year, he was 14–5, and in 1939 he was 3–0 in 11 relief appearances. Although the Yankees won the World Series in each of those years, Chandler did not appear in the postseason. Bothered by injuries during his early career, after records of 8–7 and 10–4 in 1940 and 1941 he improved further to 16–5 in 1942, finishing third in the AL with a 2.38 ERA and earning his first of four All-Star selections. He was the All-Star Game's winning pitcher in 1942. Chandler had one start in the World Series each year, but lost both times, as the Yankees won in 1941 and lost in 1942.

His greatest year came in 1943. In addition to his outstanding ERA, he led the league with 20 wins in 30 starts, as well as 20 complete games and five shutouts. In 253 innings pitched, he gave up 46 earned runs, allowing only five home runs. Chandler's 134 strikeouts were third in the league, and equalled his combined total of the previous two seasons. He made the AL All-Star team for the second time. Chandler finally had a successful World Series, pitching two complete game victories, including a shutout in the final Game 5, as the Yankees defeated the St. Louis Cardinals. Winning the MVP award, he beat out Luke Appling of the Chicago White Sox. Chandler remains the only Yankee pitcher to win the Most Valuable Player award.

After one start in 1944, he entered World War II military service with the Army for nearly all of the next two seasons. He returned in 1946 with another All-Star season, going 20–8 with a 2.10 ERA (2nd in the league to Hal Newhouser) and a career-high 138 strikeouts. That year, he also had 20 complete games for the second time in his career. He earned his last All-Star selection in 1947, but finished the year with only a 9–5 record as injuries ended his career at age 40. He pitched for the last time in the historic 1947 World Series against the Brooklyn Dodgers, pitching two relief innings in a Game 3 loss. In four World Series, he had a 2–2 record with a 1.62 ERA, 16 strikeouts, and 1 shutout.

Career statistics
Over his career Chandler was 109–43 in 211 games (109 complete, 26 shutouts), with a 2.84 ERA. He had 614 career strikeouts and gave up 64 home runs and in 1,485 innings pitched, allowed 1,327 hits. As a hitter, he had a batting average of .201, with a .234 on-base percentage; he had 110 hits in 548 at bats in his career, and on July 26, 1940, hit two home runs including a grand slam. Chandler was also a fine fielding pitcher, committing only 10 errors in 501 total chances for a career .980 fielding percentage.

Coaching and scouting career
Chandler later managed in the minor leagues, became pitching coach with the Kansas City Athletics in 1957–58, and scouted for several teams before retiring in 1984.

Legacy
He was inducted into the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame in 1969 and into the Franklin County Sports Hall of Fame in 1997. He would later be inducted into the University of Georgia Ring of Honor in 2000.

Personal life
Chandler died at age 82, and his sons Richard and Frank Chandler, both of St. Petersburg, FL have also died. His grandchildren include Richard, Kelly, Rick and Jason Chandler.

title: Spud Chandler


text:
Battle of Camas Creek

The Battle of Camas Creek, August 20, 1877, was a raid by the Nez Perce people on a United States Army encampment in Idaho Territory and a subsequent battle during the Nez Perce War. The Nez Perce defeated three companies of U.S. cavalry and continued their fighting retreat to escape the army.

Background
After sustaining heavy casualties at the Battle of the Big Hole on August 9–10, the Nez Perce proceeded southward though Montana Territory, crossed into Idaho Territory again at Bannock Pass, and descended into the valley of the Lemhi River. The Nez Perce were aware that the U.S. Army was in pursuit; to confound them, they took a circuitous route less familiar than their usual direct route to the Montana Great Plains. During this section of their retreat, their guide and the leader of their march was a half-Nez Perce, half-French man of several names, the most common being Poker Joe. The White settlers in the Lemhi Valley had been warned that the Nez Perce might be coming their way and most of them had fled to the town of Lemhi. The pursuer of the Nez Perce, Brigadier General Oliver O. Howard, did not follow them directly, but rather took a shorter route to the east across southern Montana to intercept them near Yellowstone National Park. Howard had 310 soldiers plus a varying number of civilian volunteers, usually several dozen, and Indian scouts, primarily Bannocks, but also some Nez Perce friendly to the U.S. Howard detached 50 men, including Indian scouts, under Lt. George R. Bacon to rush ahead and guard Red Rock Pass, thus hoping to catch the Nez Perce between his and Bacon's soldiers. Howard was coming under severe criticism for his failure to defeat the Nez Perce during a campaign that had now lasted two months.

The Nez Perce pursued by Howard probably numbered, after their losses at the Big Hole battle, about 700 persons with fewer than 200 warriors.

Birch Creek
The death of many Nez Perce women and children at the Big Hole Battle caused a thirst for revenge among the young warriors of the Nez Perce and their leaders were not able to restrain them.

On August 12, the Nez Perce killed five ranchers on Horse Prairie, Montana. On August 13, after crossing into Idaho over Bannock Pass, the Nez Perce encountered a stockade full of White settlers at Junction. Leaders Looking Glass and White Bird met with the settlers and expressed their friendship for the settlers. Two days later, the Nez Perce on Birch Creek encountered a caravan of eight covered wagons and eight men. The initial contact was friendly, but after the Indians demanded and were served whiskey the situation became ugly and five of the Whites were killed. One White escaped and two Chinese were released. One Nez Perce was killed, apparently in a drunken brawl with another warrior. The leaders poured the remainder of the whiskey on the ground and burned the wagons.

Race to Camas Meadows
From Birch Creek the Nez Perce turned eastward and headed toward Henrys Lake. Howard's route paralleled them to the north in Montana on the other side of the continental divide. Howard's plan was to cross into Idaho at Monida Pass (present-day Interstate 15) and intercept the Nez Perce at Camas Creek near Dubois. On August 17, Howard was overtaken by 39 Virginia City volunteers under the command of James E. Callaway, who joined Howard's cavalry.

That same day, Captain Randolph Norwood and fifty fresh cavalry men, designated as Company 4 of the Second Infantry, also overtook Howard's command. Howard expended all energy to intercept the Nez Perce near Camas Creek. He was a day late. Bannock Indian scouts, ahead of Howard's cavalry, observed the Nez Perce rear guard cross the road toward Camas Meadows. Chief Buffalo Horn, one of Howard's scouts, obtained a view of their camp.

On August 18, the Nez Perce camped at Camas Meadows 15 mi to Howard's east in a meadow bisected by Spring and Camas creeks. The Nez Perce name for their camp was Kamisnim Takin, meaning "camas meadows". Howard marched to Camas Meadows on August 19. The Nez Perce had departed earlier that day, continuing eastward. Howard set up camp there that night, calling it Camp Callaway, and took "great pains" to "cover the camp with pickets in every direction."

The Raid
The exceptional precautions Howard had taken for the protection of Camp Callaway were observed by Nez Perce scouts. Upon returning to their own camp, they reported what they had seen to the chiefs. They decided to carry out a raid with the objective of putting Howard's cavalry on foot. The numbers of the raiders is disputed, although it was at least 28 and possibly many more. The chiefs did not envision a battle. Yellow Wolf described the movements of the band:

"We traveled slowly. No talking loud, no smoking. The match must not be seen. We went a good distance and then divided into two parties - one on each side of the creek... Before reaching the soldier camp, all stopped, and the leaders held council. How make the attack? The older men did this planning. Some wanted to leave the horses and enter the camp on foot. Chief Looking Glass and others thought the horses must not be left out. This last plan was chosen - to go mounted. Chief Joseph was not along."

About 4:00 a.m., several Nez Perce dismounted and crept among the picketed horses to cut them loose. Then two things happened simultaneously. As the mounted column approached the soldier's camp, a sentry shouted, "Who goes there?" At the same moment, a foot scout named Otskai accidentally discharged his gun in the midst of the camp. Thus, an alarm was sounded from two places before many horses had been released from their picket lines. However, two hundred mules were free and the Indians concentrated upon stampeding them northward. This enabled the raiders to control the loose stock. In spite of all the shouting, several men thought they heard "the great voice of Looking Glass" booming out orders. Bullets were flying about and some of them struck the wagons, but only one soldier was hit, and his wound was slight. Darkness, noise, and surprise compounded the confusion, but the cavalry officers and men quickly dressed and mounted.

General Howard ordered a strong force organized in order to pursue the raiders and recover the stock. Within minutes, three companies of cavalry were assembled. By dawn, nearly 150 horsemen were galloping northward in pursuit of the raiders, who had several miles' head start. In addition to the mules, about 20 horses belonging to the Virginia City volunteers were missing. It was reported that the volunteers received $150 per head from the government in compensation for their lost mounts.

A newspaper reporter described the raid:

"Oh, I am one of the volunteers, who marched right home on the tramp, tramp,

When Joseph set the boys afoot, at the battle of Callaway's camp."

The Battle of Camas Meadows
Under the command of Major Sanford, the cavalry companies of Captains Carr, Jackson, and Norwood, numbering about 150 men, set off at dawn in pursuit of the Nez Perce and the stolen mules. The rear guard of the Nez Perce detected them and set up an ambush 8 mi north of Camp Callaway. Several warriors continued driving the mules on to camp, and others deployed among hillocks of black lava and broken terrain dotted with Aspen trees and sagebrush. A few Nez Perce deployed in a thin skirmish line in a grassy meadow about a half-mile (0.8 km) wide. The meadow was bordered on the opposite side by a lava ridge 18 ft high and 500 to 600 ft long. Sanford and his three companies took up positions behind the ridge and dismounted to return long-distance fire from the Nez Perce.

The distance between these lines was too great for effective marksmanship, but when a shot struck Lt. Benson in the hip the soldiers discovered that the Indians in the meadow were serving as a decoy, while others had been creeping forward on both flanks to enfilade the troops. Hence, Sanford ordered a bugler to call a retreat. The retreat of the cavalrymen whose horses had been taken to the rear was an occasion of excitement and confusion. Captain Randolph Norwood with fifty men, however, declined to obey immediately the order to retreat, but instead backtracked slowly to a strong position where he was forced by the encircling Nez Perce to halt, establish defensive positions, and fight it out. The other two companies had abandoned him, and for the next two to four hours, the two sides sniped at each other.

Meanwhile, Howard received word via messenger that the cavalry companies were in trouble and sallied forth from Camp Callaway with reinforcements. He found the two retreating cavalry companies. Captain Sandford professed ignorance as to the location and fate of Captain Norwood. Howard pushed forward and, mid-afternoon, came upon Norwood and his men crouching in their lava rock rifle pits located a few rods apart along the top and on the edges of a series of ridges that enclosed a protected area for their horses. The Indians melted away and the battle was over.

Norwood had one man dead, two mortally wounded and six to nine wounded. Yellow Wolf stated that "no Indian was badly hurt, only one or two just grazed by bullets". Wottolen was wounded in the side, and Tholekt's head was creased.

Aftermath
The Nez Perce were disappointed that the spoils of their raid had been mostly mules, but the loss crippled Howard's mobility. Howard had failed to defeat the Nez Perce on several occasions and now, after the battle, he failed to pursue them aggressively. A journalist thought that was for the best. "I candidly think Joseph could whip our cavalry and cannot blame General Howard for not giving him battle."

On the evening after the battle, Howard was reinforced by 280 infantry under Captain Marcus Miller. Two days later on August 22, fifty Bannocks, under the leadership of Buffalo Horn, rode into the camp. They were a "gorgeous set of warriors, hair dyed...decorated with...sleigh bells and feathers" and wearing buckskin and brightly colored blankets. They had been promised all the Nez Perce horses they could capture." An unusually talented White scout, Stanton G. Fisher, and the Bannocks explored ahead.  Howard followed slowly, so slowly that Buffalo Head and many of the Bannocks quit the army in disgust and went home and Fisher commented, "Uncle Sam's boys are too slow for this business."

After learning that the Nez Perce had crossed into the wilderness of Yellowstone National Park, Howard called a halt to the chase and rested for several days at Henrys Lake. Howard's troops were tired, having marched for 26 days averaging 20 mi a day. The Nez Perce, burdened with wounded, women, children, and elderly had gone faster and further but, in the words of a journalist, they had the "faculty of stealing fresh horses from the settlers."

Meanwhile, Howard's superior General Philip Sheridan was collecting more than one thousand experienced soldiers and Indian scouts from many tribes to defeat the Nez Perce when they emerged from Yellowstone.

Legacy
The sites of Howard's encampment, where the incident began, and the later siege, were designated a National Historic Landmark as the Camas Meadows Battle Sites in 1989, are part of the Nez Perce National Historical Park and the Nez Perce National Historic Trail. The sites are undeveloped, except for a grave marker at the site of the encampment. Rifle pits dug by Captain Norwood's men survive at the siege location.

title: Battle of Camas Creek


text: Category:University of Texas at Austin

title: Category:University of Texas at Austin