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Talk:Greg LeMond

Greg LeMond nominated as Featured Article (FA)
I wanted to update you all that, building on our recent success in getting GA-status, Greg LeMond has been nominated for FA-status! That was always the plan when we started reviewing and enhancing the article last year, and so I believe it was appropriate to immediately request FA-status given it was the criteria to which we were editing this entire time. Please continue to improve the article, but make your edits according to the Manual of Style and be sure to provide an incline citation for statistics and for any statements that are likely to be challenged or are otherwise considered controversial.

Here you can find more on the Featured article candidates and here you can review the Featured article criteria.

I really want to thank everyone who has contributed to the article over time, and definitely want to encourage your ongoing participation in this process. Let's not rest until this article is recognized as an example of Wikipedia's very best work! joepa T 21:26, 4 January 2013 (UTC)

 * It's really impressive the progress made on this article during the past six months. I hope you succeed in your effort to get it listed as a featured article! Azx2 15:07, 20 May 2013 (UTC)

Image licence problem?
This image: File:Greg LeMond 1988 Vuelta a Andalucia.jpg was recently added under the cc-by-2.0 licence. The source on Flickr uses the same licence. However, it seems to be a scan of a photo. The flickr user is only allowed to release this under the cc-by-2.0 licence if he is also the original photographer. Nothing indicates that he is... For the more thorough FA review that you seem to be planning, this may be a problem. --EdgeNavidad (Talk · Contribs) 18:26, 6 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your feedback on this, EdgeNavidad. I spoke with Turelio and he explained what had happened with the delete/undelete/delete cycle. Shame that the original flickr user was mistaken in their contribution of the image but your vigilance is appreciated. joepa T 00:25, 11 January 2013 (UTC)

 * Marked as possible copyvio. Not sure how this was not picked up by the GA reviewer, who maybe a sock puppet for the nominator as they have already been accussed. BaldBoris 01:30, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

 * The photo has been removed. I believe the reviewer Azx2 is a cycling enthusiast, but that should not be confused with being a false front for another editor.  If you believe the article needs to be reviewed again, by all means.  Editor joepa and I are motivated to make the article as good as we can possibly make it.  We welcome anyone who would like to help improve the article, or who has criticism of the article in its style or what have you.  Nothing is written in stone.  If you believe the article does not meet criteria for Good Article status than challenge it.  If it doesn't meet the grade then the article will be downgraded and we will continue to try to improve it.  No surprise there.  Gunbirddriver (talk) 05:58, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

 * I think it definitely needs to be resubmitted for GA status. After a quick scan have found large amounts of uncited text. BaldBoris 12:09, 8 January 2013 (UTC)
 * That's fine. I have renominated the article. I would point out that the article does have 132 citations.  It would be helpful for you to mark the sections that you believe need to be further referenced with a  tag.  Thanks.  Gunbirddriver (talk) 18:45, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

 * The amount makes no difference, especially when there's multiple citations. It's very simple, absolutely everything has to be referenced. Also I noticed that there is numerous wikilinks to the same article. For example La Vie Claire is linked three times in one section, when it should only be linked once in the whole article apart from the lead/infobox and palmares in this case. In my opinion this article isn't even ready to be nominated for good article status. BaldBoris 20:05, 8 January 2013 (UTC)
 * It's better than the Bradly Wiggins article, isn't it? A hell of a lot better.  Let's have someone else review it. Someone other than yourself. You don't seem to be particularly interested in making it a better article, which is the whole point of the Good Article process.  If you are interested in helping out, fine.  If not, than your energies are best directed elsewhere. Gunbirddriver (talk) 20:31, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

Can I just remind the nominator to close WP:FAC before a GA review. The two are not allowed to run at the same time. --  Cassianto Talk    20:45, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

 * The GA review was obviously done with good intentions. It could have been more detailed, though: A GA reassessment could be beneficial. If I would have the time, I would be willing to do it, but alas. But, currently the wrong template is used on top of the page: a 'standard' GA review is requested, which should be a GA reassessment. I could replace the template, but I'm afraid it will affect transclusions on other pages or some things by bots that I don't understand and don't have the time to repair, so I take the easy solution and just mention it here... --EdgeNavidad (Talk · Contribs) 20:48, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

 * Bradley Wiggins? Wow how childish can you get. I never said I would review the article? This article has the most basic things wrong with it (leads too short, wikilinks, dates...). I'm trying to be constructive. I not sure what you're doing in your sandbox but i'm done here, I don't have the time or energy for this. BaldBoris 21:14, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

 * Quit whinning. You know exactly what I'm doing in my sandbox, not that you have any business looking into it.  You come over here and immediately start accusing people of bad motives, you are off asking for investigations, and for what?  That is not being constructive.  So you got called out and you don't like it.  Now you are the uber editor, with eight edits to the page in one day.  You either put away your animous and help or attend to your own business. Gunbirddriver (talk) 00:34, 9 January 2013 (UTC)

 * Let's calm down here guys... it's just an online encyclopedia page not the fiscal cliff debate. I would have to agree with what has been said about the article above, in that the article needs quite a bit of work to be listed as GA and I'd definitely recommend a peer review (personally I think the guy who listed was a bit too flowery with his review). The lead is not of adequate length to that it should be, I'd recommend at least three of four paragraphs and make sure they cover all of the main topics that you have in the article. I'm not sure if it's just me but the sources have an extreme amount of text in them (at the bottom).. which is strange. I personally don't like it when there are more than three citations at a certain point " Dimitri Konyshev and Sean Kelly on the line.[61][62][63]" and "time a cyclist received the honor.[65][66][67]." that is unnecessary in my opinion two is a solid number. The quotes that break up the text also bother me a great deal. And a lot of other stuff was addressed in the FA nom page which I was going to mention but you've already seen that there so.. yep. I like LeMond and he certainly deserves to have his article at GA status, but with the GA quality of work in it. Best of luck. Also I read the comments and BaldBoris definitely was not being arrogant, he's just trying to help. No need to be hostile. Disc Wheel  ( Malk  +  Montributions )  04:16, 16 January 2013 (UTC)
 * And you can't forget the alt text for the photos if you want this to go to FA status. Disc Wheel  ( Malk  +  Montributions )  00:04, 17 January 2013 (UTC)
 * What is alt text? Can you explain? Better still, could you also make whatever edits you think are missing? Thanks! joepa T 22:33, 30 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Never mind, DW - I saw your comments on my talk page. Thanks. But please feel free to make any edits you think need making, such as adding the alt text! We can use all the help we can get! Cheers! joepa T 22:54, 30 May 2013 (UTC)

Lead citations
I'm not sure if all the citations are needed according to this. WP:LEADCITE BaldBoris 12:04, 8 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Hi BaldBoris, thanks for the feedback. If you're saying that it doesn't need to be cited in the lead b/c it's noncontroversial and can be cited in the body, that actually makes sense to me, though I would feel more comfortable leaving the citations pertaining to "...completing an improbable comeback by winning in dramatic fashion on the race's final stage." Do you make this recommendation in general, or as a specific component of the FA-status review? I noticed a momentary spark of argy-bargy there, but I think it's beyond fair to say that Gunbirdriver and I are extremely motivated to make this the best article that it can be and we're specifically interested in actionable feedback that we can respond to with direct edits to improve the entry. To that end, anything you can add about what should fall into an "Early Life" section on Greg LeMond would be appreciated. I'm not going to start a new section here on the talk page re. that yet, b/c it's brought up in the review, and I ask about it there. I didn't check if you'd contributed to LeMond's article or not, but regardless, we can always use the support and assistance of highly-motivated, capable editors, so please don't hesitate to dive right in and start improving anywhere that needs it. GBD and I have worked alone on this for several months and have a high level of committment to see this evolve into the best article it can be... joepa T 00:34, 11 January 2013 (UTC)

Personal life - family and individual issues
If there isn't any convincing objection, I'm going to try to work-in some detail on LeMond's past family issues and relate their origin to his having been the victim of sexual abuse, but not in any salacious or tabloid-esque style. Please feel free to help me out w/ this... joepa T 20:44, 29 May 2013 (UTC)

Featured Article status
Well, it looks like Joe is getting us ready for another attempt to make the Greg LeMond article reach Featured Article status. As I recall from the first effort, the major short coming was inadequate citations. Do we have any info on what all we need to do to get the article ready for submission for Featured Article? Gunbirddriver (talk) 18:16, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Great question! I've tried to get some other editors interested in doing a formal "peer review" (as recommended by the FA guide), but you're literally the only other person who's expressed any consistent interest in relentlessly improving this article! Gah! joepa T 23:35, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Looks like Disc Wheel is joining our two-man paceline. Gunbirddriver (talk) 22:34, 5 June 2013 (UTC)

Okay, Joe, here are the critiques that the article generated from the last go round: (I'm going to cut it way back)

 * This article seems to be more about LeMond the cyclist and has nothing about LeMond the person.
 * Expanded

 * At two paragraphs, the lede is too short. Increase your lead section to four paragraphs.
 * Done

 * The very first section should be about his early life, family, upbringing, schooling etc. The end section should be either death if that's the case or what they are currently doing or awards earned thus far etc.  Everything else in-between should be about his cycling career; how it started, struggles, training, races entered, achievements etc. In conjunction with that, talk about his personal life including  marriages, personal tragedies, children etc, all in a chronological order.
 * Done

This is a most worthy subject of an FA, and different from the usual sports fare that comes to FAC. Unfortunately, I don't think the article meets the criteria at this time, due to apparently uncited content. I saw the following items lacking citation:
 * 1984–1986: "Regardless, LeMond rode as the dutiful lietenant, and his support enabled Hinault to win his fifth Tour."
 * Supporting citation provided

 * "LeMond later stated the 1986 Tour was the most difficult and stressful race of his career." A statement of LeMond's opinion like this clearly needs a cite.
 * Supporting citation provided

 * 1989: Almost all of the section's second paragraph lacks a reference
 * Fixed

 * 1990: The whole second paragraph has no reference
 * Fixed

 * 1991–1994: "Something was amiss." In general, this is a short, vague sentence that doesn't do anything for the reader. The quote beforehand makes it obvious that he thought something was wrong.
 * Removed

 * "The watt is the measure cyclists most often look to gauge their performance today." Also, this is missing a word by "to", and "today" is a time-sensitive element that should be avoided if possible.
 * Explanatory note and supporting citations provided

 * Business interests: "LeMond also won the 1989 Tour and World's—and his final Tour de France in 1990—on carbon fiber frames, which had begun to feature 'Greg LeMond' branding." Also, should the apostrophe be there in "World's"?
 * Much of the second paragraph of Anti-doping stance and controversies, which contains multiple quotes.
 * Supporting citations provided

 * "LeMond was one of the first prominent professional cyclists to openly decry the sport's descent into the corruption of doping." This is quite POV in addition to being unreferenced.
 * Fixed

 * Where is the quote in note 1 coming from? I don't see a reference attached to it.
 * The note in question has been cited. The only note I could not find a cite for was on the meaning of the term "Dutiful Lieutenant"

 * Avoid phrases like "LeMond was one of the first prominent professional cyclists to openly descent into the corruption of doping." Writing something like "LeMond was one of the first prominent professional cyclists to openly decry the drug use of competitors" would be perfectly neutral while getting the important fact across.
 * Fixed

There is a style of writing that is appropriate for memoirs, and there is a style that is appropriate for encyclopedia entries. The writing throughout this article is the former. Examples:
 * "His enormous talent"
 * Removed

 * "LeMond's spectacular comeback"
 * Removed

 * "After his storybook 1989-season"
 * Removed

 * "They put on a showcase of strength"
 * Removed

 * "In a surprising turnaround"
 * Reworked

 * "he again out-dueled Fignon"
 * Removed

 * "Something was amiss."
 * Removed

 * "What he did not say was that the help was contingent upon LeMond demonstrating that he was clearly the better rider." If he didn't say this, why do we know it?
 * Explanatory note provided, with quotes from Hinault and supporting citation

Our aim is to provide the reader with a summary of the important facts. The entire article needs to be rewritten with this in mind. --Cryptic C62 · Talk 18:49, 10 January 2013 (UTC)

Very good. A lot of these we have addressed. I am still conscious that my writing on LeMond is unlikely to be neutral, and I am concerned that we will not have adequately cited the article. Certainly one citation that covers several statements in a paragraph is adequate citation if all statements are supported by the one citation. It would be poor form to just put a citation at the end of every sentence when they all are citing the same article. The support is there just as surely at the end of the paragraph. That said:
 * One of us should go through and look for things that need citations and leave a tag on it.  That will mean looking at the citations provided to be sure we have documented things accurately.
 * Done Two items I found still need citations: 1) the statement that Greg rode carbon framed bicycles in 1989 and 1990, and 2) the lead statement: "LeMond has not enjoyed the public stature that might be expected of such a figure,.. (How could that be proved?  How would that stature be quantified?) ..but he continues to campaign publicly against doping and ineffective leadership by the UCI. (Continues to campaign is time sensitive.  Ten years from now will the statement still be true? Twenty years?  How would we know?) Gunbirddriver (talk) 01:47, 13 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Hi Gunbirddriver. The lead statement, "LeMond has not enjoyed the public stature that might be expected of such a figure, is derived from the 2013 Sports Illustrated article by Epstein. In it, he writes:"When Lance Armstrong was stripped of his Tour de France titles, it left Greg LeMond as the lone American winner of cycling's most prestigious race. LeMond has not enjoyed the public stature that might be expected of such a figure, though, in large part because of his contentious relationship with Armstrong."

- David Epstein
 * Agreed about the time sensitive issue re. what LeMond is up to now vs. what he was up to when we were really focused on this. Probably applies to some of the way we present his business and philanthropic efforts, too, and the car crash? I briefly corresponded with BaldBoris tonight and he mentioned restarting the FA-status pursuit for this article. I feel like I have some time and energy to put towards this...Cheers! joepa T 03:11, 1 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Sorry it has taken so long to respond. At this point the correct statement would be something like "Greg LeMond has enjoyed a resurgence in popularity since the doping scandals have come to light", as it appears he is hugely popular in France and has been doing commentary on the Tour the past couple of years. In addition, he has restarted his bicycle manufacturing business, and is seeing some success there. I could track down sources for those assertions. Gunbirddriver (talk) 06:20, 19 December 2016 (UTC)

 * Any evaluative statement you or I have placed in the text (blazing, scintillating, etc) has to go, but if we are quoting an expert source and indicate that, then that's fine. My last edits on the Jock Boyer episode at the '82 Worlds needs an explanatory note.  That whole thing is explained in Richard Moore's book "Slaying the Badger".  Greg committed no wrong move there.  If Jock wanted the team to ride as a team, he should not have pushed for the team to continue to use the World's as the US national championship race.  If the top US finisher decides the US national champion, and everyone knows that going in, then why would any other American rider feel compelled to just give it to Jock? Greg thought they should compete as a team, just as all the European teams did, and let the national champion be decided separately, or not designated if it would not have a race of its own. The US riders were competing for US national champion at the 1982 Worlds by Jock Boyer's choice, so he shouldn't be surprised if Greg made a move for the win.
 * Explanatory note added, source material cited

 * Let's make sure we are using a single format for dates: Month/Day/Year.
 * All dates are Month/Day/Year

All right then. I will cut the time out and go though it all. In fact, it will be my pleasure. This will be fun!! Gunbirddriver (talk) 00:45, 5 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Love the energy and enthusiasm shown for this article. But why are all the photos so small and the same size? In particular, I'd love to see the b & w from the 1989 TdF TT expanded in size. Normally, I'd just expand it myself, but you might have a reason I don't know about (?). It's an unattractive, monotonous visual layout, as all photos are quite small and jammed over on the rt. margin. The Coors 1986 photo could be enlarged, too, and put on the left; it's hilarious, too, as LeMond is in focus, but Hinault ain't. BTW, the highlighted quote boxes are awesome: wow, love them. thanks, Jack B108 (talk) 20:46, 6 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Hey, Jack! The preferred wikipedia format is to use thumbprint sized images through the body of the text. Only the infobox image can be larger.  I agree it would appear far more attractive if the images were enlarged, but then again the size of an image relative to the page varies with each computer used, the settings each user has their computer set to, and so forth.  If we are going for Featured Article we have to comply with the standard, which is that the images in the body of the text are thumbprints.  If someone is interested enough to want to see the image enlarged, wikipedia expects them to click on it. Gunbirddriver (talk) 17:33, 7 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Capiche, Gunbirddriver. Do the thumbnails all have to be on the rt. margin, too? Also, I cropped the b&w 1989 tdF TT photo (updated as "GregLeMond.1989 Tour de France st 21.TT-crop (2).jpg") and would like to replace the original photo with it, if no one has objections. (I took a fair amount off the left side and also cropped the top some.) gracias, Jack B108 (talk) 18:05, 7 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Cropped version might be great. Put it up and let's have a look.  As to left vs right, no there is no restriction or even a guide of preference on that one, so you can try moving an image over to the left if you think that would improve the look of the piece.  Have at it! Gunbirddriver (talk) 21:46, 7 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Whoever the unfocused Slurpee is in the 1986 Coors, it isn't Hinault, but it's still a gr8 photo. Jack B108 (talk) 20:51, 6 June 2013 (UTC)
 * We think that is Doug Shapiro of the 7 Eleven team, but we have not been able to confirm it yet. If someone could find a list of the team entries and numbers assigned to the riders competing in the 1986 Coors Classic, we could nail it down. Gunbirddriver (talk) 17:33, 7 June 2013 (UTC)

Eliminate POV from reference to "ineffective leadership by the UCI" in intro?
The final sentence of the intro (which I think we've done a good job expanding) reads as follows:

"As the lone American winner of cycling's most prestigious race, LeMond has not enjoyed the public stature that might be expected of such a figure, but he continues to campaign publicly against doping and ineffective leadership by the UCI, the international federation for cycling. As recently as December 2012, LeMond even articulated a willingness to replace the UCI president on an interim basis if called to do so."

This could be persnickety, but I think we should qualify the phrase "ineffective leadership by the UCI" to make it clear to the reader that this is not an editorial position reflective of POV, but rather, how LeMond himself perceives the UCI executive. This could be achieved as simply as: "alleged-ineffective leadership by the UCI," or "what he perceives as ineffective leadership by the UCI" - thoughts? I didn't want to just change it w/o getting feedback first (if there's anyone who cares lol...). joepa T 18:58, 4 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Dang it, Joe, you're taking us right into the weeds with this. This is the most controversial aspect of the article, his position against doping, the back and forth, all the animus coming from Armstrong and Trek and the UCI, and then, woah, Greg was just being straight all along.  But then, that's my opinion of how things went, and there are people out there that think the UCI is golden and Greg is out of his league.  Well, Greg may be a tad naive, but he's on the money that the UCI needs to change.  I'd rather try to keep as neutral as possible, especially in the lead, and to do that I think we should avoid the statement above in the lead.  Let me think a bit on it. Maybe I could generate an alternative wording.  Still a lot of other things we could try to fix while we mull this lead statement over. Gunbirddriver (talk) 23:16, 4 June 2013 (UTC)
 * let's just modify it to "alleged-ineffective leadership by the UCI," that way we're reporting on what LeMond is doing/saying and what his motivation is, but w/o taking a position on it. It would be different if we were promoting the view that the UCI sucks, which I honestly know that we're not trying to consciously do in this article. I actually don't think we fell into that trap but for this one instance, in which we basically agree w/ LeMond via what we've written, accepting his premise that the leadership of UCI is ineffective. I'm the one who added that in the first place, and I don't think I even realized at the time that to be fair to the UCI, I shouldn't repeat allegations against them as fact - even in a statement this subtle. joepa T 23:54, 4 June 2013 (UTC)

Lead Image - old-looking GL from 2009 or a nice pic of him as a racer in his heyday? (Oct. 2014)
GBD and others, what do you think about the lead image as it currently is? SHould it be a contemporary pic of Greg like he is now (old) or a period pic of him as a racer, like what we had before when the article was heavily revised through our efforts? Just curious, b/c I don't like seeing a pic of the new old Greg as lead image. He's famous first and foremost for his career as a cyclist and I would expect to see a historical image as lead and not a contemporary one. But before changing it I thought I'd ask for feedback here on TP. Cheers joepa T 19:15, 30 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I for one liked the image from the Tour better. I believe a shot of the subjects face is the manual of style preference. If we had one anywhere from 1985 to 1995 I would much prefer it. Gunbirddriver (talk) 19:45, 30 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I liked the Tour one more, too, GBD. I know what you mean re. the MOS, that it suggests a certain style of image, in 3/4 profile facing towards the article body text, and not looking away from it (so the current image of GL fails on the account, too). I'll have to look in my personal collection to see if the image(s) I have of GL and me from mid90s could in any way be cropped and made suitable for use as a better headshot, but I would much prefer returning to the Tour image en lieu of one of mine, or what's there now. I don't know who changed it to begin with, but hopefully they'll see this discussion and share their thoughts, but absent any other feedback after a short time I think we should move to restore a more suitable image. joepa T 20:16, 30 October 2014 (UTC)

Well, looks like BaldBoris replaced the infobox pic from 2009 with the Coors Light pic of LeMond from his racing days, which I think is the right direction to go in. Seems only logical that the photo should be reflective of the subject during the time in which they cultivated their great notoriety. Cheers. joepa T 01:03, 17 May 2015 (UTC)
 * The lede image has again been changed by an editor without any prior discussion of the shift here, which, while not prohibited, doesn't necessarily produce an outcome in this case that I'm supportive of. User:Kaiketsu switched the main image to one of an old, non-athlete Greg LeMond from 2012 - an edit I don't necessarily endorse. However, I've asked them to engage in dialogue about the image here, and certainly invite feedback from BaldBoris and GBD and any other interested editors. joepa T 16:21, 12 February 2016 (UTC)
 * I think the lead image should be as current as practical and reasonable until the person dies. When they're alive, they're an ongoing subject, and currency is important. When they're deceased, they become historical only, and the article can reflect that. 108.34.206.74 (talk) 21:44, 14 June 2018 (UTC)

Referring to Armstrong and Landis in the Lead
There's been some instability in the lead around this one minor issue - whether or not to refer specifically to Lance and Floyd in the lead almost as contextual qualifiers when stating that LeMond is the only American TdF winner. Could we come to a consensus on whether or not to refer to Armstrong and Landis in the lead as two other American TdF winners who were stripped of their titles (leaving LeMond as only "official" winner)? At this point, I don't think it needs to be in the article and I'd probably revert it to how it was before the last IP's edit to change it, but would welcome some feedback.  Azx2  16:07, 12 November 2015 (UTC)
 * User:Gunbirddriver, User:Joep01, user:BaldBoris et al would you weigh in on this? Thanks.  Azx</b><b style="color:#000">2</b>  16:09, 12 November 2015 (UTC)
 * I agree with Azx2, and would remove the disqualified riders from the lead of the article. The lead reads smoother without it. In my opinion this should be mentioned in the body of the text, but is not necessary in the lead.Gunbirddriver (talk) 17:35, 12 November 2015 (UTC)
 * 100% shouldn't be in the lead. BaldBoris 18:48, 12 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the responses, guys. I removed the following, but left the 'remains the only official winner' thing in there. Deleted: "(Lance Armstrong and Floyd Landis were stripped of their victories due to doping violations)" Cheers!  <b style="color:#F50">Az</b><b style="color:#600">x</b><b style="color:#000">2</b>  19:49, 14 November 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 15 external links on Greg LeMond. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121105073819/http://greglemond.com/innovations/ to http://greglemond.com/innovations/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121024232633/http://www.ironcompany-fitness-news.com/hot-topics/fitness-industry-movers-and-shakers/hoist-fitness-to-purchase-lemond-fitness-announced-at-hfb-expo-2012/ to http://www.ironcompany-fitness-news.com/hot-topics/fitness-industry-movers-and-shakers/hoist-fitness-to-purchase-lemond-fitness-announced-at-hfb-expo-2012/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121122063725/http://nyvelocity.com/content/features/2012/open-letter-pat-mcquaid-greg-lemond to http://nyvelocity.com/content/features/2012/open-letter-pat-mcquaid-greg-lemond
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20150131220821/http://www.cyclingforums.com/t/402312/greg-lemond-interview-paul-kimmage to http://www.cyclingforums.com/t/402312/greg-lemond-interview-paul-kimmage
 * Added tag to http://www.fredericknewspost.com/sections/sports/display.htm?StoryID=100865
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121105221007/http://greglemond.com/blog/patagonia-argentina-trip-1-of-2/ to http://greglemond.com/blog/patagonia-argentina-trip-1-of-2/

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Confused
I am confused about why this article achieved "good article" status. The lede was disorganized and there were major gaps in the section on anti-doping controversies. I have tried to address both problems. SunCrow (talk) 23:30, 14 November 2019 (UTC)
 * It most definitely needs some work doing. I finally feel somewhat justified for what I said when it was put up for FAC. I know mentioned he wanted to get working on this soon(ish). BaldBoris 23:58, 14 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Indeed. Abt's biography just arrived in the mail yesterday, so I will get to work on both the 1990 Tour and LeMond's article, as soon as I finished going over Poulidor's article so that he can appear in Recent deaths on the Main Page. He deserves it. Zwerg Nase (talk) 09:01, 15 November 2019 (UTC)

Britannica article on LeMond
Hey TDF editors, check this out.... The official Encyclopedia Brittanica article on Greg LeMond --- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Greg-LeMond It says he finished 3rd in the 1983 TDF & then in 1984 he finished 2nd to Bernard Hinault before winning the Tour himself in 1985. Lololol I'm not kidding check it out!

I tried notifying them to tell them of these mistakes but they make you pay $8.99 a month in order to 'give feedback' on an article..... In any case I figured you TDF editors might want to know you do more due diligence than the supposed best of the best Raleigh80Z90Faema69 (talk) 21:45, 14 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Well, that's pretty embarrassing... Zwerg Nase (talk) 10:40, 15 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Maybe this will get their attention ;) Zwerg Nase (talk) 10:45, 15 October 2020 (UTC)
 * and actually the first American to win the Tour was Marianne Martin 68.65.54.26 (talk) 16:49, 30 April 2024 (UTC)

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NLU

NLU may refer to:
 * Natural-language understanding, in computational linguistics and AI
 * National Labor Union, United States, 1866–1873
 * National Law Universities, in India
 * National-Louis University, Illinois, United States
 * University of Louisiana at Monroe (called Northeast Louisiana University 1969–1999), United States
 * Felipe Ángeles International Airport, Zumpango, Mexico (opened 2022; IATA code: NLU)
 * Insel Air Aruba, a Dutch Caribbean airline (2012–2017; ICAO code: NLU)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wet & Wild: Slippery When Wet (2000)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep (no consensus). Mindspillage (spill yours?) 21:10, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Wet & Wild: Slippery When Wet (2000)
This article is, first of all, nothing but a play-by-play of who gets nude and how they do it in one typical video in one of Playboy's many video series. I don't even know if a valid article could be written on the Wet & Wild series as a whole, and one isolated "volume" is certainly no basis for one. We might as well have articles on individual porn mag issues ("On page 36 of Busty, December 1997, Amber Waves removes her garter straps and poses contrapposto in front of a saddle.") Delete. Postdlf 23:31, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * BTW, there is a List of Playboy videos, which I think, with some cleanup, is an appropriate place to mention the various series in general, but not individual entries in each series. Postdlf 23:50, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep, like Simpsons episode guides. See Wikipedia is not paper. Kappa 00:08, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not Everything2. Though I'm glad to learn learn a new word ("contrapposto"). --Calton | Talk 00:10, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. But I do think that an article about the series might be appropriate. Lots of people watch these! Pornography, and particularly Playboy, is important to a lot of people - even if they are probably not (in general) the same people that read encyclopedias. Musser 00:16, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Agree with Kappa's comments. TigerShark 00:30, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Well I can't say that I've seen all the Playboy videos but I have the impression that there has been a significant change in Playboy's philosophy in the production of their videos from the early 90's to the present. In the early 90's the "Sexy Lingerie" and "Wet and Wild" series were produced and very popular. The production of these videos has completely stopped and we now have videos such as "Sorority Strip Party", "Sexy House Keepers", and "America's Sexiest Bartenders". It seems to me that Playboy is now more concerned with making a profit by producing these sleazy videos than producing tasteful, artistic, and erotic depictions of women. I hoped that in writing a detailed description of each of the Playboy videos one could get an impression of the change that has taken place in Playboy's view of women. I have taken your points into consideration and have removed the NPOV non-NPOV remarks from my article. I hope that other people will be able to contribute their ideas and improve the video articles.Jester2001 01:20, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Jester2001's hair-splitting over "tastefully erotic" and "sleazy" notwithstanding, I fail to see the encyclopedic value of a T&A play-by-play.
 * Either keep or merge with an article called Wet and Wild or something of that sort. Either way, the scene-by-scene descriptions should go. Meelar (talk) 01:23, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I agree with Kappa and Meelar. T IMBO  ( T A L K )  01:55, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Notable T&A video Klonimus 03:46, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or shorten significantly and merge to List of Playboy videos. I have real trouble buying the parallel to the Simpsons.  Mwanner 11:29, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Did you read what Jester2001 said? This level of detail is extremely valuable to serious researchers, not just porn fans. Kappa 15:03, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * OK, but serious researchers will turn to original source documents, not encyclopedia summaries. Mwanner 15:43, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * What? Wikipedia isnt good enough? :) Just kidding... Megan1967 09:42, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Not an encyclopedia article. Delete unless rewritten. - Mike Rosoft 17:02, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete DJ Clayworth 17:34, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not toilet paper.  RickK 23:00, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * It's not paper either. See Wiki is not paper. Jester2001 15:22, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - the implications are mind-boggling - shall we have a play-by-play article of every episodic softcore production on the market? Even IMDB doesn't do that. (yes, I know, we're better than IMDB...). Enough to have one article on the genre and a list of the features. -- 8^D gab 13:37, 2005 Apr 18 (UTC)
 * Keep, notable video. Megan1967 06:03, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Borderline notable. And fun to read. Everyking 08:10, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - there are three issues here. One is, can we have an article on an individual work of art, literture or music.  Clearly the answer here is yes since we do it all the time.  The second is whether this specific video is worthy of its own article.  Little evidence has been provided about the notability of this particlar video; and we have not as a community set very clear standards.  However, I suspect that any video distributed through the channels of Playboy Enterprises Inc is likely to reach a lot of people.  Lots more, for example than many of our articles on underground rock bands.  Since Wikipedia is not paper, we should err on the side of inclusiveness, hence my vote to keep.  The third issue rased here is not about the existence of the article but about its content.  Is it consistent with our mission to have such a detailed discussion of what happens in the movie?  In some existing articles on movies or on individual episodes of "The Simpsons" we do have fairly detailed information.  Personally, I believe the current version of this article has too much detail, but that is really an issue for editing, it does not matter here on VfD.  Johntex 15:38, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I probably have to agree with you about the amount of detail in this article, but as you said this is an issue for editing. Jester2001 21:54, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep BUT clean up. There's a huge NPOV problem here. Lets have the standard literary analyses, response, etc. I see none of that in the article, and it seems the content is intentionally meant to be titillating? (It shouldn't.) Analyses like, its of this style (style in the sense of the delivery, ie. the movie Hero happens to be conducted in a manner which emphasises the fine actions of so and so...) as well as its obvious genre, and such. I don't mind individual articles on every magazine issue in the world, just as long as its encyclopedic. This one isn't at the moment, but can be fixed. -- Natalinasmpf 00:20, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Milky Way (disambiguation)

The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains the Solar System.

Milky Way may also refer to:

Places

 * Milky Way (Antarctica), a col in Antarctica
 * Via Lattea ("Milky Way"), a winter sports area in the Italian and French Alps

Films

 * The Milky Way (1922 film), a silent film directed by W. S. Van Dyke
 * The Milky Way (1936 film), a Harold Lloyd film
 * The Milky Way (1940 film), an MGM cartoon
 * The Milky Way (1969 film), a film directed by Luis Buñuel
 * Milky Way (2000 film) (Mliječni put), a 2000 Bosnian film
 * The Milky Way (2007 film) (A via láctea), by Lina Chamie (Brazil), featured at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival

Music

 * MilkyWay, a Japanese girl group created as a tie-in to the anime Kirarin Revolution
 * "Milky Way" (Syd Barrett song), a song by Syd Barrett
 * "Milky Way" (BoA song), a song by BoA from Double
 * Milky Way (album), an album by Bas
 * "Milky Way", a song by Loudness from Disillusion
 * "Milky Way", a jazz track by Marcus Miller from Free
 * "Milky Way", a 1975 song by Sheer Elegance
 * "Milky Way", a song by VIXX from VIXX 2016 Conception Ker
 * Milkie Way, a member of the British electronic rock duo Wargasm
 * Wintergatan ("Milky Way"), a Swedish band

Other arts, entertainment, and media

 * Milky Way, a 1999 television commercial by Volkswagen featuring the song "Pink Moon"
 * Milkyway Image, a Hong Kong feature film production company
 * The Milky Way (novel), the UK publication of Jean Dutourd's novel The Best Butter

Brands and enterprises

 * Milky Way (chocolate bar), a brand of chocolate bar
 * Milky Way (spread), a brand of chocolate spread
 * Melkweg (Dutch for "Milky Way"), a music venue and cultural center in Amsterdam
 * The Milky Way (amusement park), an amusement park in Clovelly, Devon, England

Other uses

 * Milky Way (mythology), myths and legends about the origin of the Milky Way

 * MilkyWay@home, a distributed computing astronomy project

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Lone star flag

The Lone Star flag may refer to;

United States

 * Flag of Texas, commonly known as the Lone Star Flag
 * Bonnie Blue flag, associated at various times with the Republic of Texas, the Republic of West Florida, and the Confederate States of America
 * Lone Star of California, used during an 1836 independence movement from Mexico

Other countries

 * Estelada or the Lone Star Flag, the unofficial flag of Catalan independence supporters
 * Flag of Chile, or La Estrella Solitaria 'the Lone Star'
 * Flag of Cuba, or La Estrella Solitaria 'the Lone Star'
 * Flag of Liberia, sometimes called the Lone Star

title: Lone star flag


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Jim Gaffigan

James Christopher Gaffigan (born July 7, 1966) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, writer, and producer. His material often addresses fatherhood, laziness, food, religion, and general observations. He is regarded as a "clean" comic, using little profanity in his routines, although he does use it from time to time. He has released several successful comedy specials, including Mr. Universe, Obsessed, Cinco, and Quality Time, all of which have received Grammy nominations.

Gaffigan's memoir Dad Is Fat (2013) and his most recent book Food: A Love Story (2014) were both published by Crown Publishers. He co-created and starred in the TV Land series The Jim Gaffigan Show, based on his life. He collaborates extensively with his wife, actress Jeannie Gaffigan, with whom he has five children. They are Catholic, a topic that frequently comes up in his comedy shows.

Early life
Gaffigan was born on July 7, 1966, in Elgin, Illinois, the youngest of six children born to charity worker and fundraiser Marcia Miriam (née Mitchell) and banker Michael Ambrose Gaffigan. Of Irish descent, his family's surname was Gavahan. His maternal grandfather was Iowa Supreme Court Justice Richard F. Mitchell. Gaffigan was raised in Chesterton, Indiana, and often jokes about growing up in a large family. His mother was accomplished at needlework and received a national award for original design and craftsmanship from the American Needlepoint Guild in 1985. She died of cancer in 1990 at age 53.

Gaffigan's father was the president and CEO of the Mercantile National Bank of Indiana for 15 years until his retirement in 1991. A former seminarian, he was also actively involved in local charity work. He died of lung cancer in 1999. Gaffigan's father was the first in his family to attend college, and encouraged his children to seek careers that promised job security. However, at about the age of five, Gaffigan announced that he wanted to be an actor.

As a teenager, Gaffigan watched Saturday Night Live. He attended La Lumiere School in La Porte, Indiana, where he played on the school's football team. He attended Purdue University for one year, where he was a member of the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity, before transferring to Georgetown University's McDonough School of Business, where he graduated in 1988 with a degree in finance. He played football at Georgetown and Purdue. Although he "hated" studying finance, he worked as a litigation consultant for a short time after graduating and "was horrible at it".

Stand-up
Gaffigan moved to New York in 1990 to pursue comedy, a move that was inspired by his admiration for fellow Hoosier David Letterman. He worked in advertising during the day and took acting classes at night. During this time, he was cast in Blockbuster Video's "Entertainment Squad" series of commercials. His career began in earnest when a friend from his acting class dared him to take a stand-up seminar that required a live set at the end. He fell in love with stand-up, and began playing comedy clubs nightly—after his evening acting classes—until the early hours of the morning. He was often found sleeping at his day job; his boss had to wake him up to fire him.

For the first seven years of Gaffigan's stand-up career, he tried various styles, ranging from angry comedy to impressions and voices. Live comedy was in decline following its peak in the 1980s, and was further affected by the increased popularity of cable television. After periodically auditioning for The Late Show with David Letterman for six years, Gaffigan did a successful stand-up routine on the show in 1999, and his career took off.

Gaffigan's style is largely observational. Some of his main topics are laziness, eating and parenthood. His famous Hot Pocket routine was inspired by a commercial he saw that he mistook for a Saturday Night Live sketch. He often performs soliloquies. For example, in high-pitched voice, he may portray someone giving negative feedback on his own performance. (After he made a diarrhea joke in his 2012 special "Mr. Universe", he used the voice to say, "Really, he's using diarrhea jokes?" ) He has said, "That inside voice is my connection with the audience".

In an interview with the Duluth News-Tribune, he explained that he began developing the voice as a teenager, when he disarmed people by talking for them in their presence. He said he also used it to fend off hecklers earlier in his career, when comedy clubs were more "combative". He cursed early in his career, and added cursing to his comedy album Doing My Time at the request of his label, in the hopes of drawing more teens. He has now largely removed profanity from his routine, as he feels his subject matter doesn't lend itself to cursing and that it reduced the effort he put into crafting his jokes.

In 2004, Gaffigan's stand-up material was featured in Comedy Central's animated series Shorties Watchin' Shorties. In October 2005, he filmed a live Comedy Central special that aired the following January, and became the comedy album/DVD Beyond the Pale. The routine consisted primarily of material regarding food and American eating habits, and the comedian unknowingly predicted a future menu item at Dunkin Donuts—the 'glazed donut breakfast sandwich'—while commenting on the future of America's eating habits. His 2009 album King Baby was also a television special filmed in Austin, Texas, at the end of his "The Sexy Tour". Comedy Central released King Baby on DVD. In a March 2009 interview on Anytime with Bob Kushell, Gaffigan defended his naming of the tour, stating that he thought it would be funny that parents would be unsure about whether to bring their teenage children to the show. Four years later, on March 14, 2013, Gaffigan was named the "King of Clean" by the Wall Street Journal.

On February 25, 2012, Gaffigan taped a one-hour stand-up special—Mr. Universe—at the Warner Theater in Washington, D.C.; it was nominated for a Grammy. He announced that, based on the business model used by Louis C.K.'s Live at the Beacon Theater, the stand-up would be available online through his website for $5, with 20% of the total proceeds going to the Bob Woodruff Foundation, an organization that provides support to military veterans. In 2012, he was among the top-ten grossing comics in the US, according to Pollstar.

Gaffigan filmed his 2014 comedy special titled Jim Gaffigan: Obsessed at Boston's Wilbur Theater on January 18, 2014. Obsessed premiered on Comedy Central on April 27 becoming the most watched stand-up comedy special of the year for the network. The accompanying album, also titled Obsessed, debuted at number 11 on the Billboard 200 and number 1 on the Billboard Comedy Album charts. 2015 saw him embark on a headlining tour, culminating in a winter show at Madison Square Garden.

Gaffigan has performed stand-up to support charitable causes as well. In 2002, he was part of a United Service Organization event at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base. Gaffigan performed at the 2013 Stand Up for Heroes charity event benefitting the Bob Woodruff Foundation alongside fellow stand-up comedians Jerry Seinfeld, Bill Cosby and Jon Stewart. Gaffigan also performed at the 2013 CNN Heroes event, which celebrates everyday heroes doing extraordinary work around the world. In May 2014, Gaffigan performed at the Make It Right Gala, an organization founded by Brad Pitt, which builds sustainable homes and buildings for communities in need. On September 26, 2015, he performed at the Festival of Families, a Catholic event held in Philadelphia. Gaffigan was the only comedian on the bill at the festival, and the event was visited by Pope Francis. The event had more than one million attendees.

As of June 2016, Gaffigan was the most popular comic on all of Pandora.com with over 647 million spins.

In 2016, Gaffigan embarked on his Fully Dressed Tour, performing in the United States, Canada, and the UK.

Gaffigan has appeared at the "Just for Laughs" comedy festival in Montreal, Quebec, numerous times.

Influences
Gaffigan credits David Letterman and Bill Murray as influences, and asserted that Richard Pryor was the greatest stand-up comedian ever. His comedy mentor was Dave Attell, who Gaffigan said was the only person who thought he was funny in his early stand-up years.

On the episode of Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee featuring Gaffigan, he admitted that the show's host Jerry Seinfeld was a big influence for him.

Reception
Gaffigan is widely noted as an everyman and a clean comic; some of his signature routines regard Hot Pockets, cake, and bacon. His tendency to avoid profanity has drawn mixed responses. One critic compared him to Full House-era Bob Saget (who starred in the 1990s family show), which Gaffigan took as an insult. Hampton Stevens in The Atlantic wrote that Gaffigan "champions a vital element to standup that [Lenny] Bruce had taken away—the indispensable, but apparently forgotten idea that comedians have no obligation to be provocative, topical, socially conscious, or anything else but funny."

Acting
As Gaffigan's comedy career stalled in the 1990s, a friend suggested he audition for commercials, a move that turned out to be profitable. He has appeared in over 200 TV commercials, ranging from Rolling Rock to Saturn to Chrysler and ESPN. His ubiquity earned him the title of 'Salesman of the Year' by BusinessWeek in 1999. He also performed in a trio of Sierra Mist commercials for the 2007 Super Bowl as part of the comedy ensemble "The Mis-Takes". He appeared in an ad series for Sierra Mist alongside fellow comedian Michael Ian Black.

After his first appearance on The Late Show with David Letterman in 1999, Gaffigan was tapped by the host to develop a sitcom called Welcome to New York in which he also co-starred alongside Christine Baranski. The show was cancelled after its first season, despite positive reviews. During the 2000/2001 TV season, he was a cast member of The Ellen Show on CBS, Ellen DeGeneres's second sitcom. He appeared in two movies chosen for the 2001 Sundance Film Festival: Super Troopers and 30 Years to Life. He appeared on That '70s Show, and was a regular cast member of the TBS original sitcom My Boys, which he left at the end of its third season.

In 2008, he appeared in the movie The Love Guru starring Mike Myers.

In 2009, Gaffigan guest-starred as the best friend of Murray Hewitt in an episode of the HBO comedy series Flight of the Conchords. Later that year, he appeared in the Sam Mendes-directed dramedy Away We Go and the teen comedy 17 Again. On June 11, 2009, Gaffigan appeared on The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien. He appeared on Law & Order episodes "Flight" and "Reality Bites", and in the "Smile" episode of Law and Order: Criminal Intent.

He was in an episode of The Daily Show as a man posing as a Daily Show correspondent who knows nothing about the show (he refers to it as "The John Daily Show") and just wants to be seen with Jon Stewart. It was meant as a parody of the 2009 White House gatecrash incident.

Gaffigan appeared on Broadway in That Championship Season, which opened in March 2011, opposite Brian Cox, Chris Noth, Kiefer Sutherland, and Jason Patric. ABC News correspondent Sandy Kenyon praised his performance as "the most moving" and said that he "may steal the show". Gaffigan called being on Broadway "an amazing experience, really hard but really fun".

Gaffigan starred in Shia LaBeouf's 2013 short film Howard Cantour.com, the content of which was later revealed to be mostly plagiarized from Daniel Clowes's 2007 graphic novella Justin M. Damiano. Reflecting on the incident in an interview for The Daily Beast, Gaffigan said, "There's no greater sin in the stand-up world than thievery...So you do not want to be associated with thievery," but added, "I don't have any hard feelings about it because I don't think people think I had anything to do with it."

In the 2010s, Gaffigan, his wife, and Peter Tolan began to develop material for a show based loosely on their own life. CBS agreed to shoot a pilot of their show in March 2013, with casting by Marc Hirschfeld, and Mira Sorvino playing his wife; but ultimately passed on the project. When the cable network TV Land began efforts to broadcast original material and attract younger audiences, it offered the Gaffigans complete creative control. The result was The Jim Gaffigan Show, a sitcom about a couple raising their five kids in a two-bedroom New York City apartment. After the release of two online-only episodes in June 2015, the pilot episode aired on July 15, 2015. The show stars Gaffigan as a fictionalized version of himself, with his wife Jeannie played by Ashley Williams. Other characters include their real-estate agent (and Jeannie's best friend) Daniel (played by Michael Ian Black), Jim's fellow comic and best friend Dave (Adam Goldberg), and their priest, Father Nicholas (Tongayi Chirisa). After 2 seasons of the show, in 2016 Jim and his wife Jeannie decided not to continue with a third season so they could spend more time with their kids.

Gaffigan co-starred in the film Experimenter, a fictionalized account of the experiments of the Yale professor Stanley Milgram. Gaffigan plays an actor hired to collaborate in the experiments.

In February 2016, Gaffigan began appearing in KFC commercials as Colonel Sanders, replacing Norm Macdonald.

Since April 8, 2016, Gaffigan has appeared with his family in a marketing campaign for the 2017 Chrysler Pacifica.

In October 2016, it was announced Gaffigan would be joining the cast of the third season of the anthology drama series, Fargo. However, he was ultimately forced to drop out due to scheduling difficulties; he was replaced by Mark Forward. In 2018, he portrayed Paul Markham in the biographical drama Chappaquiddick, starring Jason Clarke and Kate Mara, to positive reviews. Gaffigan next took on the lead role in the 2018 neo-noir film American Dreamer, which was released on September 20, 2019. Gaffigan's dark portrayal of a broken man driven to desperate actions was very well received by critics, with the Chicago Sun-Times review calling it "a career-best dramatic performance" by Gaffigan.

Gaffigan portrayed George Westinghouse in Michael Almereyda's 2020 film Tesla.

In 2020, Gaffigan was announced to provide the voice of Thunderbolt in season two of Stargirl. By season three, the role recast to Seth Green.

In January 2021, he joined the cast of Disney's Peter Pan & Wendy as Mr. Smee. In 2021, Gaffigan voiced Lorenzo Paguro in the Pixar film Luca.

Animation
Gaffigan is also noted for his voice-over work. He voiced an animated version of himself on Pale Force with Conan O'Brien from 2005 to 2008. He has also voiced characters on the animated shows Bob's Burgers, Shorty McShorts' Shorts, WordGirl, Star vs. the Forces of Evil, and the animated feature Duck Duck Goose.

Writing
Gaffigan produced a series of animated shorts for Late Night with Conan O'Brien, titled Pale Force (2005–2008). The animated sketches featured Gaffigan and O'Brien as superheroes who fight crime with their extremely pale skin. The series was nominated for a Daytime Emmy in 2007 in the category of "Outstanding Broadband Program – Comedy".

Gaffigan's humorous quips have earned him over two and a half million followers on Twitter. He was listed by Rolling Stone as one of the "25 funniest people on Twitter" in 2012.

In 2013, Gaffigan released Dad Is Fat, a title derived from the first complete sentence his eldest son wrote on a dry-erase board at the age of four or five. "He showed it to me," Gaffigan recalled in an interview, "and I laughed, and then I put him up for adoption." The book is a collection of essays dealing with the raising of his children, as well as reminiscences from his own childhood. In support of the volume, he appeared on NPR's Weekend Edition, ABC's The View, and MSNBC's Morning Joe, spoke at BEA in New York, embarked on a nine-stop bus tour that ended on Father's Day.

It debuted at number five on The New York Times Best Seller's list, remaining on the list for three months. The book received tepid reviews from critics. Kirkus Reviews said of the book that it's "hardly groundbreaking comedy material, but the book will appeal to Gaffigan's fans". Lou Harry of the Indianapolis Business Journal said that while "no new ground is broken in Jim Gaffigan's book...'Dad is Fat' should be a fun intermezzo in your summer reading pile." Regarding the audiobook, which Gaffigan read, Audiofile said his "performance strikes the right balance between his near-deadpan comedy delivery and the energy needed to keep a beleaguered parent engaged".

Gaffigan signed with Crown Publishing in June 2013 to write a second book of comic essays. The book, Food: A Love Story, which was released in Fall 2014. Publishers Weekly said the book "packs plenty of laughs". Kirkus Reviews remarked that "Gaffigan somehow manages to work 'clean' without ever becoming sickeningly saccharine," and that "laughs [are] served up just right on every page". Of the accompanying audiobook, the Library Journal said, "The witty commentary is peppered with jokes and funny stories that will have listeners smiling throughout and occasionally laughing out loud."

Prior to meeting his wife, actress Jeannie Noth, Gaffigan largely wrote alone. However, while working on his first show, Welcome to New York, he was overwhelmed and asked for input from her (then his friend). Although initially hesitant to have a collaborator, as their relationship grew, so did Noth's ability to write material for him. Once they married, she left behind her work with her youth theater project (Shakespeare on the Playground) to devote herself to raising their expanding brood, and after a joke she wrote drew big laughs at a show, she and Jim began to collaborate more. She gradually transferred into the position of Jim's chief co-writer, and they are now full writing partners. She has been a credited writer and/or executive producer on all his comedy endeavors since Beyond the Pale, including his two books and television show. He also credits her with "coaching" him through his performance in That Championship Season.

Media appearances
Gaffigan participated on the NPR radio quiz program Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me! in 2013. He is also a regular commentator on CBS Sunday Morning, for which he won a Daytime Emmy in 2016.

Personal life
Gaffigan married actress Jeannie Gaffigan (née Noth) in 2003. They have two daughters and three sons. His oldest child, Marre, was born on May 2, 2004. The second child, Jack, was born on November 27, 2005 at the family's house. Their third child, Katie Louise, was born on May 10, 2009 in New York City, New York. Their fourth child, Michael, was born on June 19, 2011 at the family's house. Their youngest child, Patrick was born on September 27, 2012. The family of seven lived in a two-bedroom apartment in the Manhattan borough of New York City before moving to a larger Manhattan home in 2015.

To stay connected to his family, Gaffigan tries to "maintain bedtime rituals while working in the city". When on tour, he reportedly takes his family with him. Jack has opened up for his dad for his shows on occasion.

Gaffigan is a practicing Catholic who avoids working on Sundays, though he has joked that his wife is so much more devout than him that she seems like a "Shiite Catholic" in comparison. He and his family attend Mass at St. Patrick's Old Cathedral in Manhattan, which is also where he and his wife were married and where their children were baptized. In May 2016, he and his wife delivered the commencement address at the Catholic University of America. They also delivered the commencement address at his wife's alma mater, Marquette University, in May 2018. They both received honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degrees as part of the graduation ceremony.

In 2019, Gaffigan apologized on social media after endorsing the "Moriori First" myth in one of his stand-up shows. The myth falsely claims that Māori displaced the Moriori as the first people of New Zealand, and has been used to justify white settler colonialism. Gaffigan also made disparaging remarks about Māori people, which were described as "offensive" and "ignorant" on New Zealand social media.

Discography

 * 2001: Luigi's Doghouse
 * 2001: Economics II
 * 2003: More Moo Moos
 * 2004: The Last Supper
 * 2004: Doing My Time
 * 2006: Beyond the Pale
 * 2009: King Baby
 * 2012: Mr. Universe
 * 2014: Obsessed
 * 2017: Cinco
 * 2018: Noble Ape
 * 2019: Quality Time
 * 2020: The Pale Tourist
 * 2021: Comedy Monster
 * 2023: Dark Pale

Awards and nominations
On April 26, 2014, Gaffigan received the award for Concert Comedian at the American Comedy Awards for his work.

In 2007, Pale Force was nominated for a Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Broadband Program in the Comedy category. Gaffigan served as executive producer, writer, and lead actor.

In 2016, he won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Morning Program for his contributions as a commentator to CBS Sunday Morning.

Grammy Awards
The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Gaffigan has been nominated seven times.

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Humboldt Botanical Gardens

The Humboldt Botanical Garden is a 44.5 acres (18 ha) botanical garden located south of Eureka, California, United States. The Garden is near the South Bay portion of Humboldt Bay on the north side of the College of the Redwoods. Grading and site preparation began in August 2003. Featuring views of Humboldt Bay and the Pacific Ocean, the garden opened in 2006, with more development completed by 2008.

The Humboldt Botanical Garden (HBG) business office is located in downtown Eureka and is operated by the nonprofit Humboldt Botanical Garden Foundation which had over 1000 members in 2020. HBG is a member of the American Public Gardens Association, the American Rhododendron Society, and the American Horticultural Society Reciprocal Admission program.

HBG is listed by the California Native Plant Society as one of the 17 California gardens with notable California native plant collections. The Gardens were first organized in 1991. The area's climate, which straddles Mediterranean and Pacific Marine allows for a diverse group of plants. Its Native Plant Garden has an emphasis on the Humboldt region, but includes plants in the geographic area from the Rogue River to the north shore of San Francisco Bay, and inland to a north–south line running from Vacaville through Williams, Redding, Yreka, Medford, and along the Rogue River to its mouth. Other gardens are: “All Happy Now” earth sculpture, Riparian Area, Greenhouse, the Temperate Woodland Garden and the Ornamental Terrace Garden, Rose Garden, Heather Garden, Pollinator Garden, plus five miles of hiking trails.

The Humboldt Botanical Garden is particularly interested in maintaining complete native conifer, Iris and Lilium occidental (western lily) collections. Its Mission Statement is: To cultivate a garden that provides an enjoyable discovery into the botanical world through education, participation and community service.

A summer music series and an annual native plant sale are held in the gardens. The gardens are available as a special events venue.

Endangered Species Protection
In March 2023, HBG became the northernmost site for safeguarding the state-listed endangered species Vine Hill manzanita (Arctostaphylos densiflora) which is native to Sebastopol, Sonoma County, California.

Another critically endangered species is the Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis), a native of Australia which has been planted at HBG. It was known only from fossils until found near Sydney, Australia in 1994.

Research
Active research in support of conservation, general research, and education is supported. As of 2024, this has included research into Monterey Pines (Pinus radiata), habitats for native pollinators and their flower selection, removal of invasive species, and studying the effects of potential predation on foraging habits of bumblebees.

Research has included collaborations with Wright State University, Academy of the Redwoods Environmental Club, and California Polytechnic University Humboldt.

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Spaten-Franziskaner-Bräu

Spaten-Franziskaner-Bräu GmbH is a brewery in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It produces Spaten and Franziskaner beers.

History
In 1397, the Welser Prew was alluded to for the first time in Munich. The ownership changed often until 1854, when the brewery moved to the location it still uses today. In 1867, it became the largest brewery in town.

In 1872, the Franziskaner Leist brewery, served beer at the Oktoberfest for the first time, the Spaten Oktoberfestbier Ur-Märzen, especially brewed by Josef Sedlmayr. In 1909 began to deliver beer to North America.

In 1922, the Spaten-Brauerei and Franziskaner-Leist-Bräu united to form a joint stock company. Both breweries were owned by the Sedlmayr family (Gabriel Sedlmayr was a former royal court beer brewer). In 1924, the advertising slogan "Lass Dir raten, trinke Spaten" (literally "Let yourself be advised, drink Spaten") was invented. It is still in use today.

The Franziskaner beer was created in 1935, and its label (the Franziskaner monk) was designed by Ludwig Hohlwein. In 1964, the brewery produced its first wheat beer, and ten years later, all the Franziskaner brewed became wheat-based. In 1984, the brewery started a national distribution of its beers. By 1998, it ranked among the top 10 breweries of Germany.

The brewery reached a production of 1 e6hL in 1992.

In 1997, the brewery combined with the Löwenbräu AG to form the Spaten-Löwenbräu-Gruppe.

The Spaten-Löwenbräu-Gruppe was sold in 2003 to Interbrew for 530 million euros. During the 2002/2003 brewing year, the Franziskaner beer alone reached one million hectoliters produced.

The brewhouse in the Marsstraße in Munich was closed due to a lack of workload in 2006 and is now the museum of the company.

In 2011, the brewery launched the Franziskaner Royal (wheat beer). In 2017, AB InBev launched the distribution of alcohol-free Franziskaner in the UK. In 2021, AB InBev began considering selling the Franziskaner and Spaten brands in a move to offload some of its German beer assets.

Description
In 2010, the brewery employed 500 workers and had an annual production volume of approximately 2.4 e6hL, making it one of the largest breweries in Bavaria.

Spaten-Franziskaner-Bräu is one of the six brewers in Munich to brew beer for the Oktoberfest.

Products
"Spaten" means spade in German, and the symbol of the brand is a malt shovel. "Franziskaner" means Franciscan in German, and the picture on the label is of a Franciscan friar.

 * In 1841, the company introduced Märzenbier.
 * In 1894, the Münchner Hell (German pale lager) was produced by the company for the first time. The wort is >11.7° Plato. This product has 5.2% of alcohol by volume.
 * The Pils was the first to be produced in Munich and has >11.7° Plato wort and 5.0% of alcohol by volume.
 * The Oktoberfestbier is produced in spring to be sold in autumn for the Oktoberfest. It has >13.7° Plato wort and 5.9% of alcohol by volume.
 * The lighter beer is the Diät-Pils, which may also be consumed by diabetics; (100 ml contains about 134 kJ, 32 kcal). It has 4.9% of alcohol by volume.
 * Non-alcoholic beer has a wort of >7.3° Plato.
 * Franziskaner Weissbier has 11.8° Plato wort and 5.0% of alcohol by volume. The brewery claims it brews the Franziskaner following the tradition of the German Purity Law of 1516.
 * Doppelbock Optimator has 7.6% of alcohol by volume.

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Dublin Castle administration

Dublin Castle was the centre of the government of Ireland under English and later British rule. "Dublin Castle" is used metonymically to describe British rule in Ireland. The Castle held only the executive branch of government and the Privy Council of Ireland, both appointed by the British government. The Castle did not hold the judicial branch, which was centred on the Four Courts, or the legislature, which met at College Green until the Act of Union 1800, and thereafter at Westminster.

Head
The head of the administration or Chief governor of Ireland was variously known as the justiciar, the Lord Deputy, from the seventeenth century the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and later the Viceroy. Before 1707, he represented the government of the Kingdom of England, then that of the Kingdom of Great Britain, and finally from 1801 that of the United Kingdom. He was also the personal representative in Ireland of the monarch. When the chief governor was absent in England, his authority was exercised by three Lords Justices.

By the nineteenth century, the Lord Lieutenant was declining in importance by comparison with his chief aide, the Chief Secretary for Ireland: the British cabinet would invariably include the Chief Secretary, but only sometimes the Lord Lieutenant.

The Government of Ireland Act 1920 gave the Lord Lieutenant a new role, that of the Crown's representative in the two new Irish UK regions of Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland. However, the Irish War of Independence and subsequent Civil War meant that Southern Ireland's institutions never came into operation and Northern Ireland's institutions were not established until 1921. Upon the independence of the Irish Free State from the United Kingdom in 1922, the Lord Lieutenancy was abolished, with its functions being transferred to the two new offices of Governor-General of the Irish Free State and Governor of Northern Ireland respectively.

Other officers
Other major officers in the Dublin Castle administration included the Chief Secretary for Ireland, the Under-Secretary, the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, the Attorney-General for Ireland (briefly replaced under the Government of Ireland Act by the Attorney-General for Southern Ireland), and the Solicitor-General for Ireland. All of these posts were abolished in 1922. The Chief Secretary's office evolved into the administrative basis for the new President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, effectively the prime minister, with the Under Secretary's administrative role becoming that of the new chief civil servant in the Irish Government, the Secretary to the Executive Council.

Civil service
Just as the Civil Service ("His Majesty's Home Civil Service") evolved from the officials of the various government departments around Whitehall in London, so the corresponding officials in Dublin evolved into the Irish civil service. The Irish Office in London was the part of the British civil service which liaised with Dublin Castle, just as the Colonial Office liaised with colonial governments. After the Partition of Ireland, most Irish civil servants transferred to either the Civil Service of the Irish Free State or the Civil Service of Northern Ireland. Those based in the Free State who were unsympathetic to the new regime were allowed to retire early on reduced pension.

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User talk:Constantijn~enwiki

Constantine is my Confirmation name, so to embrace my good-sized Dutch heritage (and probably the only side of the family that's sane)I have made it "Constantijn".

I Wikipede (can it be a verb?) from my little nook in the New York metropolitan area. As well as Wikipedia, I dabble in SparkNotes.com (mroverhill).

I speak English fluently and know French well, but I'm interested in learning Dutch (for a hobby, I'm teaching myself Latin as it already is).

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Constantijn. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Constantijn~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:08, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:44, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

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Falmer railway station

Falmer railway station is in Brighton and Hove, East Sussex, south-east England, 3 mi from Brighton railway station on the East Coastway line. It is operated by Southern.

The station serves the village of Falmer as well as the University of Sussex campus and the University of Brighton Falmer campus. It also serves Falmer Stadium, the home of Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. as well as various eastern suburbs of Brighton such as Woodingdean and Rottingdean.

The original station was approximately 53 chains east of its present location, and opened on 8 June 1846. It was moved to its present location, much closer to the village, on 1 August 1865, and rebuilt in 1890. The buildings on the down (eastbound) platform date from this time, but modern replacements have been installed on the westbound side.

1851 accident
On 6 June 1851, a train derailed soon after departing for Lewes, resulting in the death of five people.

After striking a sleeper which had been placed on the track by trespassers, most of the train crashed down into the road below. Although the immediate cause was the striking of the sleeper, the official inquiry determined that the train had been travelling too fast: that if it had been travelling within the recommended speed limit, it would not have derailed. The inquiry also determined that operating the train with the engine going backwards reduced the driver's visibility.

Service

All services at Falmer are operated by Southern using EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 4 tph to Brighton
 * 2 tph to Seaford
 * 1 tph to Eastbourne (all stations)
 * 1 tph to Ore via Hastings (semi-fast)

When Brighton & Hove Albion FC matches take place at the Falmer Stadium, additional matchday-only trains operate from the station to Brighton and Lewes. In addition, most usual services are run with additional carriages and the platforms at the station have been extended to accommodate the longer trains.

A queuing system is in operation in both directions after full-time at the stadium.

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Sun Daolin

Sun Daolin (December 18, 1921 – December 28, 2007) was a Chinese actor and film director.

Biography
Sun Daolin was born in Beijing on November 18, 1921. He was born Sun Yiliang 孙以亮 into a family of four children. His father Sun Wenyao (孫文耀) was trained as railroad engineer in Brussels, Belgium. His mother Fan Nianhua (范念华) and father both are originally from Jiashan County, Zhejiang. He along with all his siblings learned to speak English since grade school. He attended Yenching University, but his studies in philosophy were interrupted by the Second Sino-Japanese War. During the war he was active in patriotic activities including stage acting and he was jailed briefly by the Japanese Puppet Regime. After the war, he completed his studies and received a degree in philosophy in 1947.

His career had spanned much of the PRC history. One of his earliest roles was in director Zheng Junli’s Crows and Sparrows, a polemic on the corruption of the Nationalist Government just prior to their defeat in the Chinese Civil War. After 1949, Sun continued to act, notably as the eldest brother in an adaptation of Ba Jin’s novel, Family.

Sun Daolin is one of the most famous actors for the 1950-70's movie goer generations in China. Some four decades ago, to many Chinese, he was an idol and perfect Mr. Right for all unmarried women at his time.

In the 1980s, Sun began to focus increasing energy on directing. In 1983, he wrote, directed and starred in the well-received Thunderstorm, based on the play by Cao Yu. His second try behind the camera was 1992’s The Stepmother. After his semi-retirement he was active in poetry, Hamlet, Schubert songs. He was at several international film festivals and as late as the 1990s.

Sun died in Shanghai on December 28, 2007 at the age of 86. At his service 1,000s of fans paid the last respect. He is survived by his wife Wang Wenjuan, a Yue opera actress and a daughter Sun Qingyuan (孫慶原), one grand child. Wang was best known for her performance in "The Dream of the Red Chamber".

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LED (disambiguation)

A LED is a light-emitting diode. (light source)

LED, or Led may also refer to:
 * LED (editor), a programmers' editor by Norsk Data
 * Led (river), a river in northern Russia
 * L.E.D., former stage name of Skydiver Elley Duhé
 * Ledbury railway station's National Rail station code
 * Local economic development, an approach to development, particularly in the Third World
 * Pulkovo Airport's IATA airport code in St. Petersburg (former Leningrad), Russia
 * Leading edge devices on aircraft
 * Forbes Magazine article about the war in the Middle East

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Jimeoin

James Eoin Stephen Paul McKeown (born 24 January 1966), better known as Jimeoin, is an Irish-Australian comedian and actor.

Jimeoin rose to prominence in the early 1990s in Australia, where he had his own TV show and where he still resides. He came to public attention in the UK between 2005 and 2008 while performing a tour of Australia's outback and major cities, which was filmed for the BBC Northern Ireland documentary Jimeoin Down Under. He has also gained international recognition and is a frequent performer at comedy festivals, including the Edinburgh Fringe, where he made his debut in 1993 and where he has since appeared every year.

Early life
James Eoin Stephen Paul McKeown was born in Leamington Spa on 24 January 1966, the son of Irish parents. He grew up in the Northern Irish town of Portstewart, where he attended Dominican College. After working on building sites in London for four years, he moved to Australia at the age of 22 and found work as a gardener.

Career
Jimeoin's UK television appearances include Sunday Night at the Palladium (ITV1), Live at the Apollo (BBC1), 8 Out of 10 Cats (Channel 4), The Royal Variety Performance (ITV), Channel 4's O2 Comedy Gala, Dave's One Night Stand, Edinburgh Comedy Festival – Live! (BBC3, three consecutive years), Monumental (BBC NI team captain, series I and II), Michael McIntyre's Comedy Roadshow (BBC1). He has also appeared on the Conan O'Brien Show in the US as well on a number of international specials for Montreal's Just for Laughs. in 2016 he guested on John Lloyd's Museum of Curiosity for BBC Radio 4.

He both starred in and co-wrote two Australian feature film comedies, The Craic (1999) and The Extra (2005), both co-starring Bob Franklin. He had his own comedy television programme, the eponymous Jimeoin (1994–95) which ran for three seasons. He played Convict Griffin in the sitcom Bligh (1992).

He is also known for his extensive live comedy tours in Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. In 2013 he made his solo debut at London's Hammersmith Apollo and began to take his tours into the arenas, starting with the Belfast Odyssey Arena.

In 2010 he completed a new series Jimeoin: Over the Top for The Comedy Channel on Foxtel and Austar. The series features Jimeoin travelling across sections of northern Australia, interspersed with stand-up routines recorded at towns visited along the way.

During the 2014 FIFA World Cup, Jimeoin hosted Australian TV SBS's primetime comedy programme The Full Brazilian, teaming up with the network's live coverage of 2014's World Cup games. The 25 live-to-air, hour-long shows were a mix of Jimeoin's stand-up, sketches, chat, football talk via satellite link to Rio de Janeiro, musical acts and guest comedians.

Personal life
Jimeoin married Catherine Arena in 2000, and they reside in Melbourne with their four children. He is a fan of Australian football team South Melbourne FC. He said in a 2009 interview that he is "not really into that nationality thing" but revealed that he supports the Australian national football team, as well as supporting Australia in other sports, because "Ireland's shit at everything".

Television and radio
As himself

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards are a set of annual ceremonies presented by Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), which recognise excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of the music of Australia. They commenced in 1987.

! Ref.
 * 1994
 * Goin' Off
 * rowspan="5"| Best Comedy Release
 * Nominated
 * rowspan="5"|
 * 1995
 * Crack
 * Nominated
 * 1998
 * Forklift Truck
 * Nominated
 * 2005
 * Third Drawer Down
 * Nominated
 * 2010
 * Jimeoin on Ice Live
 * Nominated
 * Nominated
 * 2010
 * Jimeoin on Ice Live
 * Nominated
 * Nominated

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Sam Sorbo

Sandra Lynn "Sam" Sorbo (née Jenkins; born October 18, 1964) is an American actress. She played Serena in the television series Hercules: The Legendary Journeys and hosts the weekday, syndicated radio program, The Sam Sorbo Show.

Career
Under her maiden name, Jenkins, Sorbo played Serena on the TV series Hercules: The Legendary Journeys. Serena is a recurring love interest for Hercules.

Sorbo starred as Dr. Caroline Eggert in the third season of Chicago Hope and alongside Steve Buscemi in Twenty Bucks and Ed and His Dead Mother. She had guest appearances as Mariah on seaQuest DSV and she acted alongside her husband as Dr. Sara Riley, Dylan Hunt's former fiancee, in two episodes of Andromeda.

Under her married name, Sorbo hosts a weekday radio show, The Sam Sorbo Show, syndicated nationwide by Mojo 5-0 Radio. She also co-hosts Flashpoint Live, a weekly radio news magazine.

Personal life
Sorbo studied Biomedical Engineering at Duke University, but decided to pursue modeling and acting afterwards. Sam married actor Kevin Sorbo on January 5, 1998. They met the previous year when she had a small recurring role on Hercules (Season 3, Episode 8 "Prince Hercules"). They have three children: Braeden Cooper (born 2001), Shane Haaken (born 2004), and Octavia Flynn (born 2005); whom they homeschooled. Sorbo is the spokesman and chair of A World Fit for Kids! (AWFFK!), a non-profit organization that trains teenagers to become mentors to younger children. Sorbo wrote They're Your Kids, a book that chronicles her family's experience with homeschooling. She publicly advocates homeschooling.

Politics
Sorbo has been a featured speaker on the ReAwaken America Tour, a series of events protesting COVID-19 mitigation measures.

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Andrew Gordon (naval historian)

Gilbert Andrew Hugh Gordon (born 23 July 1951) is a British academic maritime war historian, who wrote the First World War history The Rules of the Game (Jutland & the British Naval Command) (1996).

Early life
Gordon received his early formal education at Glenalmond College, in Perthshire, Scotland. He received a BSc in Economics from the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, and a PhD (1987) in War Studies from King's College London, University of London.

He formerly held the rank of Lieutenant Commander at HMS President (shore establishment), the London base of the British Royal Naval Reserve.

Career
Gordon is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society and assisted with the drafting of British Maritime Doctrine (BR 1806), and Fighting Instructions.

He first publication was his doctoral thesis, entitled 'British Sea Power and Procurement between the Wars' (1988).

In 1996 he published a study of the British Grand Fleet's leadership in action against the Imperial German Navy at the Battle of Jutland in 1916, entitled The Rules of the Game (1996).

He appeared as a filmed interview contributor in the television documentary Jutland: Clash of the Dreadnoughts (2004).

In its Summer 2006 edition, History Today published an article by Brian James, describing how three military historians, Christina Goulter and Gary Sheffield as well as Gordon, who teach on the higher command and staff course at Shrivenham, had reached the conclusion that it was the Royal Navy and not the Royal Air Force that prevented a German invasion of the British Isles in 1940 during the Second World War. The article quotes Andrew Gordon stating "It really is time to put away this enduring myth. To claim that Germany failed to invade in 1940 because of what was done by phenomenally brave and skilled young men of Fighter Command is hogwash. The Germans stayed away because while the Royal Navy existed they had not a hope in hell of capturing these islands. The Navy had ships in sufficient numbers to have overwhelmed any invasion fleet." On publication the article drew some attention, despite it not being a wholly original new thesis, having been first posited by Duncan Grinnell-Milne in his book Silent Victory (1940).

From 2007 to 2009 Gordon was on loan to the United States Naval Academy from his position as Reader in Maritime History at the Joint Services Command and Staff College at Shrivenham, in Wiltshire.

As of October 2018, he is writing a biography of Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsay due for publication in April 2019.

Publications

 * Admiral of the Narrow Seas: The Life of Bertram Ramsay (2019). Penguin Books.
 * British Sea power and Procurement between the Wars: A Reappraisal of Rearmament (1988). (Commercial publication of a doctoral thesis).
 * The Rules of the Game (Jutland and British Naval Command) (1996).

Awards

 * Duke of Westminster's Medal for Military Literature (1997)
 * Longman-History Today Awards Book of the Year Prize (1997)

title: Andrew Gordon (naval historian)