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Salisbury (UK Parliament constituency)

Salisbury is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2010 by John Glen of the Conservative Party.

History
From 1295 (the Model Parliament), a form of this constituency on a narrower area, the Parliamentary borough of Salisbury, returned two MPs to the House of Commons of England. Elections were held using the bloc vote system, which afforded the ability for wealthy males who owned property rated at more than £2 a year for Land Tax to vote in the county and borough elections (if they met the requirements of both systems). The franchise (right to vote) in the city was generally restricted to male tradespersons and professionals within the central wards.

The borough constituency co-existed with the neighbouring minuscule-electorate seat of Old Sarum(described towards its Great Reform Act abolition as a rotten borough) which covered the mostly abandoned older settlement to the north-east.

Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, the borough's representation was reduced to one member. The parliamentary borough of Salisbury was abolished for the 1918 general election but the name was transferred immediately to a new county division.

Boundaries
The constituency is based around the city of Salisbury in Wiltshire. A large portion of the former Salisbury district is included within the constituency. The small town of Downton was a borough constituency until abolished as a rotten borough, like Old Sarum, in 1832. 1918–1950: The Municipal Boroughs of Salisbury and Wilton, and the Rural Districts of Amesbury, Salisbury, Tisbury, and Wilton.

1950–1983: The Municipal Boroughs of Salisbury and Wilton, and the Rural Districts of Amesbury, and Salisbury and Wilton.

1983–2010: The District of Salisbury wards of Alderbury, Amesbury, Bemerton, Bishopdown, Bulford, Chalke Valley, Donhead, Downton, Durrington, Ebble, Fisherton and Bemerton Village, Fonthill, Fovant, Harnham, Idmiston, Laverstock, Milford, Nadder, Redlynch, St Edmund, St Mark, St Martin, St Paul, Stratford, Till Valley, Tisbury, Upper Bourne, Whiteparish, Wilton, Winterbourne, Winterslow, Woodford Valley, and Wylye.

2010–2024: The District of Salisbury wards of Alderbury and Whiteparish, Amesbury East, Amesbury West, Bemerton, Bishopdown, Chalke Valley, Downton and Redlynch, Ebble, Fisherton and Bemerton Village, Harnham East, Harnham West, Laverstock, Lower Wylye and Woodford Valley, St Edmund and Milford, St Francis and Stratford, St Martin and Milford, St Paul, Till Valley and Wylye, Upper Bourne, Idmiston and Winterbourne, Wilton, and Winterslow.

2024–present: Further to the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, enacted by the Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023, from the 2024 general election, the constituency is composed of the following (as they existed on 4 May 2021):

 * The Wiltshire electoral divisions of Alderbury & Whiteparish; Downton & Ebble Valley; Fovant & Chalke Valley; Laverstock; Nadder Valley; Old Sarum & Lower Bourne Valley; Redlynch & Landford; Salisbury Bemerton Heath; Salisbury Fisherton & Bemerton Village; Salisbury Harnham East; Salisbury Harnham West; Salisbury Milford; Salisbury St Edmund’s; Salisbury St Francis & Stratford; Salisbury St Paul’s; Tisbury; Wilton; Winterslow & Upper Bourne Valley.

Amesbury and the Till Valley were transferred to the new constituency of East Wiltshire. To partly compensate, Tisbury and the Nadder Valley were transferred from South West Wiltshire.

Traditions
According to a local tradition, the Member of Parliament for Salisbury sings the song The Vly be on the Turmut from the balcony of the White Hart Hotel in St John's Street after winning each Parliamentary election.

Constituency profile
The constituency consists of Census Output Areas of one local government district with a working population whose income is close to the national average and lower than average reliance upon social housing. At the end of 2012 the unemployment rate in the constituency stood as 1.6% of the population claiming jobseekers allowance, compared to the regional average of 2.5%.

The rural county as a whole has a low 14.8% of its population without a car, 18.6% of the population without qualifications and a high 29.5% with level 4 qualifications or above. In terms of tenure across the whole county 67.5% of homes are owned outright or on a mortgage as at the 2011 census.

Members of Parliament

 * Constituency created 1295

Elections in the 1890s

 * Caused by Hulse's resignation.

Elections in the 1880s

 * Caused by Grenfell's appointment as a Groom in Waiting to Queen Victoria.

Elections in the 1860s

 * Caused by Hamilton's resignation.

Elections in the 1850s

 * Caused by Wall's death

Elections in the 1840s

 * Caused by Hussey's resignation by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds

 * Caused by Wyndham's death.

 * Caused by Brodie's resignation by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds. Bouverie retired during polling.

Elections in the 1830s

 * On petition, Wyndham was unseated in favour of Pleydell-Bouverie

title: Salisbury (UK Parliament constituency)


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Scarborough and Whitby (UK Parliament constituency)

Scarborough and Whitby is a constituency in North Yorkshire represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Alison Hume, a Labour MP.

History
The constituency name has had two separate periods of existence.

1918–1974:

A Scarborough and Whitby division of the North Riding of Yorkshire was created by the Representation of the People Act 1918 after the Boundary Commission of 1917 and first elected a Member of Parliament in the 1918 general election. This division took the entirety of the abolished Parliamentary borough of Scarborough together with the majority of the previous Whitby division and a very small part of Cleveland division. It had a population, in the middle of 1914, of 72,979. The Boundary Commission had initially recommended that the division simply be called 'Scarborough' but an amendment moved by the Government during enactment of their recommendations enacted it from the outset as Scarborough and Whitby. Throughout its 56-year first creation which allowed a full franchise for all resident men it was represented by a Conservative, including during the Attlee Ministry and First Wilson Ministry.

Changes to boundaries:

The Initial Report of the Boundary Commission in 1947 made minor changes to the constituency, in line with local government changes which had abolished Guisborough Rural District in 1932 and absorbed it into Whitby Rural District. The new constituency again included the whole of Whitby Rural District, and so gained Hinderwell which was previously within Cleveland constituency. It had an electorate of 67,884 on 15 October 1946. No change was made in the First Periodical Report of the Boundary Commission in 1954.

The Second Periodical Report, published in 1969 recommended that the constituency be divided and its recommendations came into effect at the February 1974 general election abolishing the seat. The Scarborough constituency was thereby re-established, and Whitby joined with Guisborough, Loftus, Saltburn and Brotton to form Cleveland and Whitby.

By the beginning of the Third Periodical Report of the Boundary Commission, Cleveland had been created as a new county, which would normally prevent the commission from recommending a constituency crossing the border. Several representations were made to the commission to try to preserve Cleveland and Whitby constituency, but the Commission found itself unable to accept them and recommended putting Scarborough and Whitby together in a new Scarborough despite including the other coastal town, its old name, including Whitby, was finally reinstated in the next review. This constituency did not include Pickering, which was placed in a new Ryedale constituency.

1997–present:

In the Fourth Periodical Report of the Boundary Commission for England, published in 1995 and coming into effect at the 1997 general election, the Scarborough constituency was renamed as Scarborough and Whitby with no change in boundaries.

When the constituency was recreated in 1997, the Labour candidate, Lawrie Quinn, defeated John Sykes, the sitting Conservative MP – one of many locally and national press-predicted unlikely gains for Labour in their landslide victory of that year. The current incumbent, Robert Goodwill, defeated Quinn in 2005 to regain the seat for Conservatives.

Prominent members
Sir Herbert Paul Latham was the first sitting Member of Parliament serving in the army to have been court martialled since 1815.

Sir Alexander Spearman served as the Parliamentary Private Secretary to the President of the Board of Trade from 1951 to 1952.

Sir Robert Goodwill served in as a junior minister in both the Cameron–Clegg coalition and the second Cameron ministry.

Boundaries
1918–1950: The Municipal Borough of Scarborough, the Urban Districts of Pickering, Scalby, and Whitby, the Rural Districts of Scarborough and Whitby, and parts of the Rural District of Pickering and Guisborough.

1950–1974: The Municipal Borough of Scarborough, the Urban Districts of Pickering, Scalby, and Whitby, and the Rural Districts of Scarborough and Whitby.

1997–2010: The Borough of Scarborough wards of Ayton, Castle, Cayton, Central, Danby, Derwent, Eastfield, Eskdaleside, Falsgrave, Fylingdales, Lindhead, Mayfield, Mulgrave, Newby, Northstead, Scalby, Seamer, Streonshalh, Weaponness, and Woodlands.

2010–present: The Borough of Scarborough wards of Castle, Cayton, Central, Danby, Derwent Valley, Eastfield, Esk Valley, Falsgrave Park, Fylingdales, Lindhead, Mayfield, Mulgrave, Newby, North Bay, Northstead, Ramshill, Scalby Hackness and Staintondale, Seamer, Stepney, Streonshalh, Weaponness, Whitby West Cliff, and Woodlands.

Constituency profile
The constituency covers the towns of Scarborough and Whitby. Both of these are seaside towns in North Yorkshire on the north-east coast of England. However, the constituency is largely rural and semi-rural, such issues tend to influence voting preferences, with Scarborough itself mostly Labour and the rural areas Conservative. At the last two general elections, it was the most marginal seat in North Yorkshire.

The constituency consists of Census Output Areas of a Borough with a working population whose income is close to the national average and lower than average reliance upon social housing. At the end of 2012 the unemployment rate in the constituency stood as 4.8% of the population claiming jobseekers allowance, compared to the regional average of 4.7%. The borough has a medium-high 28.8% of its population without a car, a high 26.0% of the population without qualifications and a medium 22.7% with level 4 qualifications or above.
 * In statistics

In terms of tenure, a high 75.8% of homes are owned outright or on a mortgage as at the 2011 UK Census across the borough.

MPs since 1997
Scarborough prior to 1997

Elections in the 1940s
General Election 1939–40:

Another general election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place from 1939 and by the end of this year, the following candidates had been selected;
 * Conservative: Alexander Spearman
 * Liberal: Margery Corbett-Ashby

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Order of the Netherlands Lion

The Order of the Lion of the Netherlands, also known as the Order of the Netherlands Lion (De Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw, L'Ordre du Lion Néerlandais) is a Dutch order of chivalry founded by King Willem I of the Netherlands on 29 September 1815.

The Order of the Netherlands Lion was until recently awarded to eminent individuals from all walks of life, including generals, ministers of the crown, mayors of large towns, professors and leading scientists, industrialists, high-ranking civil servants, presiding judges and renowned artists. Since 1980 the Order has been primarily used to recognise merit in the arts, science, sport and literature; others are awarded the Order of Orange-Nassau. Appointment to the grade of Commander (see below) is very rare (Nobel Prizewinners; the conductor Bernard Haitink towards the end of his life, and the dancer and choreographer Hans van Manen, for example). The Order ranks after the Military William Order, which is only awarded for military merit. The second and third class of the Order are not awarded to foreigners; they are eligible for the Order of Orange-Nassau or the Order of the Crown instead.

The King (or Queen) of the Netherlands is the Grand Master of the Order. The Order is issued in three classes. There was also a Medal for "Brothers" which has not been conferred since 1960. The Brothers became extinct and the grade was abolished in 1994.

Grades
The following classes and grades exist for the Order:

 * 1) Knight Grand Cross – Reserved for members of the Royal Family, foreign Heads of State and a select group of former prime ministers, ministers, princes and cardinals. Wears the badge on a sash on the right shoulder, plus the star on the left chest.
 * 2) Commander – Usually conferred upon Dutch Nobel Prize winners, a few distinguished artists, writers and politicians. Wears the badge on a necklet, plus an identical breast cross on the left chest.
 * 3) Knight – Wears the badge on a ribbon on the left chest.
 * 4) Brother – No longer issued; see section below. Wore the medal on a ribbon on the left chest.

Insignia
The badge of the Order is a gilt, white-enamelled Maltese Cross, with the monogram "W" (for King William I) between the arms of the cross. The obverse central disc is in blue enamel, bearing the motto Virtus Nobilitat (Virtue Ennobles). The reverse central disc is plain golden, with the lion from the Netherlands coat-of-arms. The badge hangs from a royal crown. As with all honours awarded by the Netherlands, the insignia comprises a decoration, a miniature and optionally a breast star. The decoration and breast stars are only worn at formal occasions or while in state office. While wearing a smoking, one is nowadays allowed to wear the miniature but habits and fashions are changing. Decorations are not worn on any other type of clothing.

Knight Grand Cross
The decoration hangs from a ribbon. This is tied as a sash, which is worn from the right shoulder to the left hip.

The star, consisting of the decoration without crown, is attached to an eight-pointed slightly rounded golden star consisting of forty-eight rays. The rays of the star are alternately scaled and all tied at the ends. The star is worn directly above the waist on the left-hand side of the clothing. The star and the medal described above are always worn together.

The miniature is a ribbon tied as a rosette, behind which a bar of gold braid is attached. This is all attached to a bow. The miniature is worn in the place of the decorations described above.

Commander
The decoration hangs from a ribbon. This ribbon is smaller in diameter than the ribbon of a Grand Cross.

The star consists of a slightly larger decoration, which is worn directly above the middle on the left-hand side of the clothing. The star and the decoration described above are always worn together.

The miniature only differs from that of the Grand Cross by the bar of silver braid instead of gold braid.

Knight
The decoration hangs from the ribbon that is worn at chest height on the left-hand side of the clothing. The ribbon for women is tied in the shape of a bow.

The miniature is tied in the shape of a bow.

Brothers
Associated with the Order of the Netherlands Lion was the grade known as the Brother, originally intended as an award to those of a lower social class, who performed useful acts, self-sacrifice or other acts of kindness towards fellow human beings. The award came with an annual payment of 200 guilders, of which half would be paid to the widow(er) at the death of the award holder. The first female Brother, midwife Johanna Goozen, was admitted in 1921.

During the reign of Queen Juliana, Brothers became an award for lifeboat crews, until the last award was made in 1960. The grade of Brother was abolished in 1994; by then there was no living Brother nor surviving widow(er).

The badge of honour for Brothers was a silver medal, with the lion from the Netherlands coat of arms on the obverse, and the motto Virtus Nobilitat (English: Virtue Ennobles) on the reverse.

The ribbon for Brothers was blue with a single orange central stripe.

title: Order of the Netherlands Lion


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User talk:DaveG

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
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Zzyzx11 | Talk 02:23, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:DaveG


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Scunthorpe (UK Parliament constituency)

Scunthorpe is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Nic Dakin, a member of the Labour Party, when he regained his seat from Conservative Party politician Holly Mumby-Croft during the 2024 election.

Boundaries
1997–2010: The Borough of Scunthorpe, and the Borough of Glanford wards of Bottesford Central, Bottesford East, Bottesford West, Kirton, Messingham, and South Ancholme.

2010–2024: The Borough of North Lincolnshire wards of Ashby, Bottesford, Brumby, Crosby and Park, Frodingham, Kingsway with Lincoln Gardens, Ridge, and Town.

2024–present: The District of North Lincolnshire wards of: Ashby; Bottesford; Brumby; Burringham and Gunness; Burton upon Stather and Winterton; Crosby and Park; Frodingham; Kingsway with Lincoln Gardens; Ridge; and Town.

The constituency includes the whole of Scunthorpe, Bottesford, Yaddlethorpe, Messingham, Kirton-in-Lindsey, Redbourne, Hibaldstow, Cadney and the hamlets and communities within these parishes.

History
Although there was talk in a local newspaper in the 1930s that the town of Scunthorpe should have a parliamentary constituency named after it, it was only after the boundary reviews implemented in 1997 that a constituency of this name was created. Previous incarnations of a constituency containing the steel town and small towns and villages around it had been called (going backwards in time) Glanford and Scunthorpe, Brigg and Scunthorpe, and Brigg.

Constituency profile
Results to date indicate that the constituency has changed since creation from a safe seat for the Labour Party created at the incoming election for Prime Minister Tony Blair to somewhat of a marginal majority area for the party. The constituency consists of Census Output Areas of a local government district with: a working population whose income is below the national average and slightly higher than average reliance upon social housing. At the end of 2012 the unemployment rate in the constituency stood as 5.7% of the population claiming jobseekers allowance, compared to the regional average of 4.7%. The borough contributing to the seat had a middling 20.7% of its population without a car, 26.2% of the population without qualifications and 19.5% with level 4 qualifications or above. In terms of tenure 69.5% of homes are owned outright or on a mortgage as at the 2011 census across the district.
 * In statistics

Members of Parliament
Nic Dakin was elected in the 2010 general election with a lower share of the vote than achieved under the Blair Ministry by his predecessor, with 39.5% of the votes.

Glanford & Scunthorpe prior to 1997

title: Scunthorpe (UK Parliament constituency)


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Ruth Ellis (activist)

Ruth Charlotte Ellis (July 23, 1899 – October 5, 2000) was an African-American woman known for being an LGBT rights activist and the oldest surviving open lesbian at the age of 101. Her life is celebrated in Yvonne Welbon's documentary film Living With Pride: Ruth C. Ellis @ 100.

Early life
Ellis was born in Springfield, Illinois, on July 23, 1899. She was the youngest of four children, her brothers Charles, Harry and Wellington Ellis make her the only female in her family. Ellis' mother, Carrie Farro Ellis, died when she was a teen, while her father, Charles Ellis Sr., was the first African American mail carrier in Illinois.

Ellis became open about her identity as a lesbian around 1915, but claims to never have had to come out, as her family was accepting. She graduated from Springfield High School in 1919, at a time when fewer than seven percent of African Americans graduated from secondary school. In the 1920s, she met the only woman she ever lived with, Ceciline "Babe" Franklin. They moved together to Detroit, Michigan, in 1937.

Career
Ellis spent her days working for a printing company, but moved to Detroit in 1937 to babysit a young boy in Highland Park. Encouraged by the promise of better wages, she worked for $7.00 a week, which amounts to $125.62 today. However, she soon put the knowledge she had of the printing press, which she had picked up in Springfield, to work and secure a position with Waterfield and Heath, where she worked until opening her own press out of the West Side home she shared with Franklin. Her printing business, the Ellis & Franklin Printing Co., was the first woman-owned printing shop in the state of Michigan.

Personal life
Her hobbies included dancing, bowling, painting, playing piano, and photography. Ellis and Franklin's house was also known in the African American community as the "gay spot." It was a central location for gay and lesbian parties, and also served as a refuge for African American gays and lesbians. She would continue to support those who needed books, food, or assistance with college tuition. Throughout her life, Ellis was an advocate of the rights of gays and lesbians, and of African Americans. Soon after her 70th birthday, due to her fame within the community, Ellis would become a staple at the "Michigan Womyn’s Music Festival".

On her 100th birthday, she led and was sung Happy Birthday to You by the San Francisco’s Dyke March of 1999. Although Ellis and Franklin eventually separated, they were together for more than 30 years. Franklin died in 1973 from a heart attack on her way to work.

Death
Ellis was hospitalized for two weeks with heart problems, but wanted to spend her last days at home. Ellis died in her sleep in the early morning hours of October 5, 2000. Her ashes were spread in the following Womyn's festival and into the Atlantic Ocean off of Ghana.

Ruth Ellis Center
The Ruth Ellis Center honors the life and work of Ruth Ellis and is one of only four agencies in the United States dedicated to homeless LGBT youth and young adults. Among their services are a drop-in center, supportive housing programs, and an integrated Health and Wellness Center that provides medical and mental health care.

Tributes and accomplishments
Ellis was being recognized in major LGBT publications across the country, right as her documentary-like movie was coming out, "Living With Pride: Ruth Ellis @ 100." The film won several top honors at different major film festivals. In 2009, she was inducted into the Michigan Hall of Fame. In 2013, she was inducted into the Legacy Walk, an outdoor public display which celebrates LGBT history and people.

Ellis was also the oldest contributor to Piece of My Heart: A Lesbian of Colour Anthology. She was interviewed by poet and activist Terri L. Jewell about 1989/1990.

title: Ruth Ellis (activist)


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William P. G. Harding

William Proctor Gould Harding (May 5, 1864 – April 7, 1930) was an American banker who served as the second chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1916 to 1922. Prior to his term as chairman, Harding served as one of the original members of the Federal Reserve Board, taking office in 1914. During his tenure as chairman, he concurrently served as the managing director of the War Finance Corporation from 1918 to 1919. Harding was responsible for a severe wave of inflation during the First World War. After leaving the Fed, Harding traveled to Cuba and advised the Cuban government on the reorganization of its financial and accounting system.

He returned to United States a year later and was elected governor of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston from 1923 until his death in 1930.

Early life
Harding was born on May 5, 1864, to Horace Harding and Eliza Proctor Gould Harding in Boligee, Alabama. The portrait painter Chester Harding was a grandfather. He received his early education in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and before entering the University of Alabama he received his preparatory support from many established and respected educators such as Dr. Warfield C. Richardson and Prof. Joseph M. Dill.

He entered the University of Alabama in 1878 and received a Bachelor of Arts in 1880 and continued his studies for an extra year to obtain a Master of Arts at the time becoming the youngest student to acquire his degree. He graduated from the University of Alabama in 1881 and further continued his studies again in business college at Poughkeepsie, New York.

Career
He returned to Tuscaloosa and began working at J. H. Fitts and Company for three years as a bookkeeper and clerk. He then moved to Birmingham, Alabama, to work again as a bookkeeper for Berney National Bank where he was promoted to cashier three years later. In 1896, he was elected as vice-president of the First National Bank of Birmingham and then elected president on June 28, 1902.

Under his administration he was recognized as the most notable banker in the south and was recognized nationally. In 1913 he was elected as president of the Birmingham Chamber of Commerce.

Later life
Harding relinquished his title when asked by President Woodrow Wilson to become a member of the Federal Reserve Board on August 10, 1914, before the onset of World War I. On August 10, 1916, he was appointed by Woodrow as a member of the Federal Reserve Board and was appointed director of the War Finance Corporation until 1922. In addition, the University of Alabama distinguished Harding with a degree of Legum Doctor in 1916.

In 1922 he was requested by the President of Cuba Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso to reorganize the country's financial and accounting systems. He returned to America in 1923 and was appointed as president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston where he served until his death on April 7, 1930 from heart failure after a long illness at his home in Boston, Massachusetts.

Personal life
In October 1895 he was married to Amanda Moore, a granddaughter of Alabama congressman Sydenham Moore, and with her had three children before her death by suicide in 1910. His daughter Margaret also later committed suicide in 1924. Harding was a member of the Freemasonry fraternal organization and an Episcopalian.

title: William P. G. Harding


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User talk:Valerie2005

Welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for making editing tests in the Wikipedia sandbox, and not on other pages. However, when you use the sandbox, please do not remove the sandbox header. It identifies the page as the sandbox and provides directions to its users. Thank you. Georgia guy 02:25, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Valerie2005


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Like Toy Soldiers

"Like Toy Soldiers" is a song by American rapper Eminem, from his fifth album Encore (2004). The song received positive reviews from music critics, and peaked at number 34 on the Billboard Hot 100. Outside of the United States, "Like Toy Soldiers" topped the charts in the United Kingdom, and peaked within the top ten of the charts in 12 countries, including Australia, Denmark, Germany, and New Zealand. The song samples the 1989 song "Toy Soldiers" by Martika. It is the fourth single from the album. The single would appear on the Curtain Call: The Hits compilation released in 2005.

Content
The song finishes as Eminem offers a truce to his enemies. In addition, this song also reveals that Eminem had tried to stop Ja Rule & 50 Cent's feud, but lost it when he heard Ja Rule making fun of his daughter on a track called "Loose Change" – ("The Ja Shit, I tried to squash it, It was too late to stop it, There's a certain line you just don't cross and he crossed it, I heard him say Hailie's name on a song and I just lost it"). In the song "Loose Change", Ja Rule says Eminem claims his ex-wife is "a known slut" and his mother "a crackhead", and then asks him "so what's Hailie gonna be when she grows up?".

As a result of this song, Eminem refused to get himself involved in some of 50 Cent's later feuds, including Jadakiss, Fat Joe (both of whom he collaborated with in 2004), and The Game.

Critical reception
AllMusic highlighted the song. A positive overview came from J-23: ""Like Toy Soldiers" is among his best work here, from his production (complete with Martika sample), to his gripping recount, assessment and conclusion of the Benzino and Murder Inc beefs." Pitchfork was also positive, calling it: "a public hand-wringing over the feuds that Em and 50 Cent have been drawn into, the consequences of these battles, and-- most importantly-- the toll they've taken, both physically and emotionally. The martial beat is a bit heavy-handed, but it's counterbalanced by the pleasantly surprising chorus' sample of Martika's 'Toy Soldiers', perhaps a nod to either Kanye's helium-vocaled samples or the 00s trend toward trance-pop covers of 80s hits."

NME wrote a favorable review: "'Like Toy Soldiers’ is a case in point. The best track of this album, and probably any album this year, it should be appalling. It interpolates (by which we mean ‘steals’) the chorus to a long-forgotten ’80s power ballad by Martika, which would be a surefire route to disaster in anyone else’s hands. Instead, with its martial drumbeat, unashamedly vast-scale soft rock dynamics and that similarly monolithic chorus, it is perhaps hip-hop’s first genuine lighters-in-the-air stadium anthem. And yet it’s probably the most personal track on the album...as Em tries to draw a line under the various beefs he and his cohorts have been embroiled in. “Even though the battle was won/I feel like we lost it/I spent [so much energy] on it/Honestly I’m exhausted”, he admits. If the sheer volume and widescreen sweep of ‘Like Toy Soldiers’ is a cover for this exhaustion, then it sure works."

Rolling Stone Magazine described: "it's really mature, as when the Martika-sampling "Like Toy Soldiers" renounces battle rhyming and its deadly consequences." USA Today noted: "A military drumbeat drives Like Toy Soldiers, in which Eminem offers an explanation for his beef with the Murder Inc. rap clique, The Source magazine and its rapper/owner Benzino, and his part in a dispute between 50 Cent and Ja Rule. He seems to wish none of it had ever happened, and he's ready to move on." RapReviews was less positive: "Continuing to wring out sympathy from his tear-soaked towel of a life, Eminem doubles-up with "Like Toy Soldiers," another self-produced, self-sorry introspection on the Slim Shady saga." The Guardian was happy of sampling: "Like Toy Soldiers, about Ja Rule and Benzino, is similarly brilliant. Set to the album's one genuinely fantastic backing track, involving a military drumbeat and a sample from Martika's forgotten 1980s hit Toy Soldiers, its lyrics switch from truce-calling to belligerent indignation and back again, often in the space of one line." The New York Times described: "'[Like] Toy Soldiers,' scheduled to be the next single, recycles the 1980s pop hit by Martika so that Eminem can rehash his beefs with Ja Rule and the Source. But the vitriol is mainly gone, and he sounds sad and clear-eyed, ending the rhyme by proposing a truce: 'It's not a plea that I'm coppin'/I'm just willing to be the bigger man/If y'all can [quiet] poppin'/Off at the jaws [with the knockin'],/'Cause frankly I'm sick of talkin'/I'm not gonna let someone else's coffin/Rest on my conscience.'"

Stylus Magazine, however, is a bit negative: "perhaps you don’t mind that Em ruins maybe the best musical moment on the record, the Martika interpolation of “Like Toy Soldiers”, just so he can recapitulate ad nauseum [sic] the details of his pitiful n-word controversy (and somehow indirectly blame Afrocentrism for his youthful idiocy)." Entertainment Weekly was very critical of the song: "Instead of addressing other matters that extend beyond his immediate universe, he wastes time attacking his sworn enemies at The Source [in both 'Like Toy Soldiers' and 'Yellow Brick Road']." The Boston Phoenix called it a "self-knowing anti-anthem". SPIN, however, seemed to put the song in a different light: "On 'Like Toy Soldiers,' over a stirring, 'Jesus Walks'-style loop of Martika's doleful '80s hit, Eminem brings light, not heat, to a couple years' worth of beefs, from 50 Cent's feud with the Murder Inc. crew to Em's conflict with rapper Benzino and The Source's edit staff, stating his case while resisting the urge to pour gas on any fires."

Music video
Released on December 3, 2004, the song's video starts with two young boys in a living room. Out of boredom the boy who lives there grabs a book called "Toy Soldiers" and says "I got this book, my dad gave it to me." As they open it up, the song's lyrics are on the page and the camera zooms into the book which quickly brings us into the action of the video. It begins at the hospital where Eminem and his circle are watching, in despair, as doctors are trying to save D12 member Bugz (played by fellow D12 member Proof). Eminem is then seen in a series of scenes rapping the song in a deserted alleyway, before the video goes through a series of scenes showing the various feuds mentioned in the song. They include seeing the news, rappers battling in studios, and street encounters. Near the end, Eminem stands shocked seeing the shooting of Bugz. It switches back to the hospital, where Bugz dies, and finishes at his funeral where a multi-ethnic choir of children start to sing.

Cameo appearances in the video include 50 Cent, Luis Resto, Dr. Dre, Obie Trice, and D12. Deceased rappers including Tupac Shakur, The Notorious B.I.G., Big L, and Bugz are also shown via animation at the end of the music video to show the fatal consequences of rap wars.

In a case of life imitating art, Proof himself was shot and killed on April 11, 2006, after an altercation broke out at a nightclub in Detroit, Michigan. "In the year after [Proof] died," Eminem said in his memoir The Way I Am, "I would stare at the ceiling and think about that video. Did karma cause that to happen in real life? Did I? You always want to point the finger at somebody else when something like that happens, you know?"

Track listing

 * Notes
 * $undefined$ signifies an additional producer.

title: Like Toy Soldiers


text:
User talk:DanielWhite

Sorry, it seems that nobody has given you a formal greeting to Wikipedia yet. So if you don't mind...

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Zzyzx11 | Talk 02:26, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:DanielWhite


text:
William Harding

William Harding may refer to:

Politics

 * William Harding (politician) (1835–1903), Australian politician
 * William L. Harding (1877–1934), Republican Governor of Iowa from 1917 to 1921, best remembered for the "Babel Proclamation"
 * William Neville Harding (1893–1978), Lord Mayor of Sydney

Sports

 * William Harding (footballer) (1883–1967), English footballer
 * William Harding (sport shooter) (1910–1936), American sports shooter
 * Halley Harding (William Claire Halley Harding, 1904–1967), American baseball player and sportswriter

Others

 * William Harding (Virginia witch trials) (c. 1625), first person convicted of witchcraft in Virginia Colony
 * William Harding (yeoman) (1643–1718), British yeoman and founder of a charity in 1719 to clothe and educate poor children in the hamlet of Walton, Aylesbury
 * William Harding (antiquary) (1792–1886), antiquary and British army officer
 * William Giles Harding (1808–1886), American heir, Southern planter, horse breeder and Confederate general
 * William James Harding (1826–1899), New Zealand photographer
 * William P. G. Harding (1864–1930), American banker, former Federal Reserve Chairman
 * Ali Eisami (aka William Harding, born 1786/1787), Kanuri man who lived in Sierra Leone

Other uses

 * William Harding Combined School in Elm Farm, Aylesbury, England

title: William Harding


text:
User talk:Robert Prummel

Welcome
Sorry, it seems that nobody has given you a formal greeting to Wikipedia yet. So if you don't mind...

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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Zzyzx11 | Talk 02:27, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I allready made dozens of contributions on the Dutch, German and English Wiki and i greatly enjoy co-creating an encyclopaedia having read encyclopaedias for fun since my early childhood. Now all this no-use-knowledge will be regurgitated! I am aware of the fact that as a Dutchman I am bound to make mistakes in foreign languages.. I am fluent in several laguages but this does not make a " native speaker" out of me. My English is bookish and old-fashioned. I have been told that my pronunciation is is as snobbish as the Prince of Wales's ... I do hope that the English, or even American, Wikipedians will correct me whenever i sin against grammar, punctuation or spelling!

Faithfully yours,

Robert Prummel 22:14, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Huh?Biruitorul 21:44, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

"Commander of the Legion of Honor" has 9820 Google hits, versus 97 for "in the Legion". But I agree that it is a difficult question and if you feel strongly it's not a problem if you change it back. Maybe we could include a section about how difficult it is to translate the phrase. In any case, do you know why it's a disambiguation page? It doesn't seem like one to me and that status should probably go. Biruitorul 22:12, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Dear Biruitorul,

The number of hits on Google is not the issue! There are guidelines or conventions on transcribing and translating French words.I concluded that these guidelines lead to the conclusion that we should stay close to the French and write "Honour". I am not fond of American "English" anyway. Are you, as a Romanian, having been educated in a Roman language? "Honor" just looks silly to me. Then there is the Philippine " Legion of Honor". Let's devote a page to that and stick to the rules of Wikipedia, not Googlepedia. A lot of people use American spelling. As Europeans we should stick to our roots.

Greetings from the Netherlands,

Robert Prummel Robert Prummel 22:26, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Légion d'honneur
Robert, please calm down. I haven't destroyed anything. Everything you write is in the history and can be restored. The sitation when I found it was a compeete mess. The article was at Legion of Honour (disambiguation) (which is certainly no place to put a complete article see WP:DISAMBIG). It had been the subject of a number of cut'n'paste moves. Which is not the right way to move articlles on Wikipedia. What I discovered was that the article had been living at Légion d'honneur until April of this year when someone decided to move it without discussion to Legion of Honor. You then came along and did a cut and paste move and I understand why you did it I am a Brit and Honor is not a normal spelling for me. I am trying to restore the original situation but it has to be done through the right process. Cut and paste moves at not acceptable, because you lose the edit history. Please see Talk:Legion of Honor where a vote to move is in progress. BTW as far as I recall I restored the article to the last version you edited. Please look through the edit history of Legion of Honour (disambiguation) and I think you will find that the last version you edited is the same as the one I restored to Legion of Honor. Jooler 09:21, 30 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Well it appears that perhaps I didn't restore it to your last editfrom the disambiguation page, but from you last edit on that page. But you can perhaps understand the confusion involved. Jooler 09:32, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Dear Jooler,

Editing the Legion was a lot of work and i was a bit cross to see that most of it was lost. I have since restored the article. The DISIMBAG was my mistake. I did try to rename it as the google rule was not appropriate. In my intertretation the rules of spelling on Wiki proscribe Honour. I do support Légion d'honneur with the appropriate links. I was clumsy in editing the disambiguation... i tried to put it right but failed. Thanks for your coöperation!

Greetings,

Robert

Re: Saint Stanislaus
Mr. Prummel,

I agree with your idea of addressing the four separate entities on their own pages. Keep up the good work. I chose the disputed tag because I believe it would be one that all of the anonymous editors would agree with. Once they see this, they just might all follow the link tot he talk page and follow your suggestion. :-)

--ZsinjTalk 22:45, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Let's hope so! They are a queer bunch though... Robert Prummel 22:50, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I disagree with separate pages especially if you going to give them ponderous ugly titles such as The order of Saint Stanislaus.(re)established in Poland in 1990. What little you have to say about the re-established order can easily be said in the Order of Saint Stanislaus article. -- RHaworth 08:35, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

my reply:

Given a free hand a number of anonymus contributers keep adding and deleting the same words over and over again at an astonishing pace. They do not reveal who they are and they do not discuss the questions before us. One gentleman once contributed a list of books and I added them to the appropriate branch of the Order. All I ever wanted to do was describe the historic order, now I found myself in a quagmire of pseudo-orders and well intended charitable foundations that call themselves orders. If I put all the information on these orders on one page there is no possibility to keep the subject neutral. The zelots of the various orders will get into a frenzy and this will undoubtably result in a useless, opiniated article that will change every minute or so. But I am open to suggestions...
 * I agree that it is a bit of a mouthfull! It sounds a bit like " The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" doesn't it? That is because it is a diplomatic solution in a quarrel without an end. They all claim to be THE Order of Saint Stanislaus, and then claim that the other ones are fake. In fact they are all somewhat questionable. Then there is the issue of the propper name and style of one of the Grand-Masters and the indissolved and unsolvable question as to who was the legitimite Polish government in exile.

Faithfully Yours, Robert Prummel 21:52, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

P.S. I started or contributed to dozens of articles on orders of merit, try my dutch contributions on the Military Order of William and Orde van Sint Stanislaus ( Dutch Wiki). These articles give a lot of historical facts and pictures. Here all I ever get to is restoring mischief. I am happy to say that this one is unique! I am allso glad that there are only two orders of the Garter, the American one is, I am glad to say it, very meek. Would they dare to call Elizabeth II an imposter?

Hello Robert, I am not very often here on wiki.en., if you want contact please go to the German wiki. Greetings Alex--Alexvonf 10:45, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

Order of Columbus
Your recent contributions to are very much appreciated. However, please take a moment to look over your contributions for spelling, grammatical, and punctuation errors before submitting them in final. This will help lessen the amount of copyediting work that fellow Wikipedians need to do, and will help improve the overall appearance of Wikipedia. This is not meant to be a disciplinary message, but merely a friendly request. Thank you! -- Kerowren 00:34, 15 December 2006 (UTC) By the way, how many mistakes did I make in "Order of Columbus"? Robert Prummel 01:14, 9 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Dear Kerowren, only native speakers can be expected to write and speak flawless English... I am a Dutchman and allthough I am fluent in English, French and German it would be foolish of me to believe that my English (or any other language) is perfect!
 * Hey Robert, sorry if the template was a little too harsh. The mistakes in fact were more superficial than anything as the article is very small, so there's nothing to worry about :-). You can take a look at the log for the changes that I made. -- Kerowren (talk • contribs • count ) 04:49, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

Fatherland and Motherland
Hi, Robert. You wrote: ''
 * ''Sir, you wrote ("patrie" means fatherland (from L. pater = father), despite having feminine gender grammatically) as a correction of my "It is LA patrie, to the French France is femminin and therefore " the motherland" To me as a Dutchman my country is my "vaderland/fatherland" Russians on the other hand have a motherland!". It is an interesting problem! The French speak of "La France", personify it with "marianne", a fair maiden. The Russians speak of their "Narodna", the motherland or "mother Russia", would you translate "Narodna Ruskya" (pardon my Rusian) as "Little father Russia" despite the original meaning? The French and Russians think of theit countries as femminin enteties and to you and me our countries are male. When I translate I consider this: what translation does most justice to the original meaning, sentiment and (political) message?  My compliments with your page, I enjoyed the poetry! Robert Prummel 14:46, 9 January 2007 (UTC). P.S. On my own Dutch Wiki page  I put an  Oscar Wilde portrait in a userbox.

My response. It is an odd thing indeed to have a feminine word that means "fatherland". Vive la langue française étrange! Despite the personification of France as Marianne, and the classic depiction of France as a bare-breasted woman holding aloft the blazing tricolor in the climax of battle, the writer of La Marseillaise chose not to use any of these cultural references, but preferred the specific word "patrie", which is clearly cognatic with the Latin word for "father". Maybe "fatherland" is not the best possible translation, but I think that "motherland" is even more distant. All I can tell you is what our own page on La Marseillaise says: the official English translation, according to the website of the French President himself, is "fatherland". That said, I recognise that translation of poetry is a difficult, nay impossible task. If you go for a literal translation, you lose the poetry. If you go for a set of words that more closely equates to the rhythm and music and feeling in the original, you lose the precise meaning. The French President's website apparently prefers the former solution; but you'll find various other translations all over the web, many of them making no reference to fatherland, motherland, or anything like those words. By the way, "narodna" is grammatically feminine in Russian, so there's no conflict with "motherland" in that case. Cheers. JackofOz 23:38, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

The picture of your cat has been automatically tagged for deletion, but can easily be saved
The photograph of your cat has been tagged for deletion because the rights to it have not been released. The best way to protect it for deletion is to apply a license that Wikipedia accepts. This can be done in two easy steps:

 * 1) Click this link
 * 2) Delete all the text that appears below == Licensing ==, and replace it with .  This means that others can use your image, but must give you credit for your image if they do so.

Let me know if you'd like more information or assistance. JDoorjam    JDiscourse 01:08, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

Wei Hai Wei
I was looking at your stub article Wei Hai Wei and, before you proceed further, you may want to look at the Weihai in existence in wikipedia. Cheers! --Stormbay 22:26, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

 * These bl**dy Chinese names! They keep changing... I can turn Wei Hai Wei into a redirection. It was only written to fill an open space in the article on Sir Herbert Annesley Packer and I did not plan to persue the matter. One should leave things for others doesn't one? The article on Packer is enough work as it is anyway.Robert Prummel 23:25, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

 * It is tough to pick up . I wanted to save you some work if you were expanding. I expect a redirect instead of the text would be a good idea. Happy editing! --Stormbay 00:37, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

The Reichsritterschaft
I agree that order of knighthood is incorrect. categorization isnt my forte so please feel free to categorize it as you see fit. ill be keeping an eye on it and comment if neccesary. thanks Jieagles 02:25, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

Hello Jieagles, Categorizing was not my forte either but once you get the knack of it it is great fun! I am now categorizing the 220 Orders of Knighthood on the Dutch Wiki. You are not the only one mistaking the legues of German nobles for Orders of Knighthood. The "Sankt Jörgenschild is often mistaken for an Order. The bounderies are somewhat vague... Robert Prummel 14:16, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

Cross of St James
Regarding Image:Jacobuskruis volgens Stalins en Graafland.jpg ... maybe you should load it to the commons:Category:Saint James Cross. --evrik (talk) 23:04, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

It is not much of a picture as it is... the heraldic atlas is to big and to old (edition 1932) and vulnarable to scan. It was drawn in a minute or so. I just wanted to show that serious sources give various models to illustrate the cross of Saint James. The spade or sword in combination with the fleury arms seems to be the distinghuising factor.Robert Prummel 00:12, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

FYI
--evrik (talk) 23:07, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

Crown of the Netherlands
I suggest you add some references to the article. You must have gotten the information from somewhere. As for the English, it could probably be improved if you used an English language spelling checker. DGG (talk) 21:42, 21 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Well, it was easy to take the printed sources from my bookshelves. I allso wrote the much more encompassing Dutch article using these, and other, books. The neccessery refferences have been added, or so I hope. I leave the correction of my English in the hands of a "native speaker". I am a Dutchman and a leave it to me to judge the quality of written Dutch, then I will leave the English to an Englishman.

Faithfully yours,

Robert Prummel (talk) 14:41, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

Re:Order of Saint Charles
The mistakes that you have found must be fixed, I understand that, so if you could fix what you can, I will edit it, copy-edit, and fix any mistakes I find, and add references and it will be better than before.  ~ Dreamy    §  16:51, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

Hello Dreamafter! I was a bit harsh.... But there were so many mistakes... .An order of England, the military use, the strange way to describe a rosette. The American habit of calling everything a medal and an award makes it impossble to differentiate between an order of a state and the "hairdresser of the year" award. There is also a difference between medals, crosses, stars and badges. In phaleristics an idiom has been developped, just as in heraldry, to be able to call things by their exact name. Did you know the rosette that you decribed as a "It has a ring of clasping metal on the ribbon" is called a "depiction of a cartwheel" in a Wiki-article on a Baltic Order?. Writing articles on Wiki is a learning process, the Order of Merit (France) is a good example of an faultless article on decorations.

I am left with one question; The large number of appointments in a tiny state. Is there a reliable source ?

Faithfully yours,

Robert Prummel (talk) 17:16, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

The Silver Skates
Hej Robert...could you do me a favor and check out my edit at Hans Brinker and also my comment on the discussion page. My edit was only an attempt to give an alternate source to the tourist factor rather than the "local boy does good" factor. Whatever you decide...let me know...I'll leave the omission or re-instate. Bedankt--Buster7 (talk) 05:19, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

Thanks!--Buster7 (talk) 20:02, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

Thai Awards
Hi, I saw you have been doing a bit of work with Thai honours and awards, and that you recently copied the Thai Honours Order of Precedence page to the Dutch wiki. I wanted to let you know that I will be adding to that list shortly - I am visiting Thailand next week, and a friend there has sourced a document that shows the ribbons etc that I am missing from the list. By early September I hope to have them up on the page. Letting you know in case I can save you some work! PalawanOz (talk) 20:57, 10 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks! That is very thoughtfull of you. Bon Voyage! Robert Prummel (talk) 09:38, 11 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I have now completed my work on the Thai Honours Order of Precedence page. I have added some additonal entries, and confirmed the ribbon designs. Some of them I had mixed around, I have changed the source images on Commons to correct my error, whilst retaining the same image names. PalawanOz (talk) 13:02, 1 September 2008 (UTC)

Comment welcome
Hi Robert. I've made a comment here and seeing as you created the article, I'd appreciate your comments. Do you have any sources for the article? Thanks, Craigy (talk) 21:00, 16 August 2008 (UTC)

O yes, Quitte a few. It was one of my first articles on Wikipedia and it is based on his obituary in The Times. When I wrote it I was not yet experienced enough to give references. But apart from the obit. most was found on the internet.

Robert Prummel (talk) 00:30, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

Gaston Palewski
Please provide a caption for the image you added. Intelligent Mr Toad (talk) 01:03, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

 * No Mr. Toad, it is meant to be pleasing to the eye, be it a frog's eye. It is just an illustration in an otherwise dull article, by rhe way, I am working on another of Palewski's medals right now. It is on Robert Prummel (talk) 01:47, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

This is an encyclopaedia, not an art gallery. Unless you provide a caption explaining what the image is, I will delete it. Intelligent Mr Toad (talk) 02:18, 17 August 2008 (UTC)
 * That is not very intelligent of you Mr. Toad, They are Gaston Palewski's medals, what else? That is why they are there. Why this threat?
 * Thankyou for adding a caption. You say they are pictures of Palewski's medals. Are they the actual medals awarded to Palewski? If so, what is the source of the images? Did you photograph them yourself? If they are not Palewski's actual medals, what are they? Intelligent Mr Toad (talk) 03:29, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

They were caefully drawn, the ribbons got the right star and the proper bar. Why are you so concerned with this picture in an otherwise un-illustrated article? Robert Prummel (talk) 03:35, 17 August 2008 (UTC) And yes, that a minister for nuclaar energy and author of the book "The atom, our future" dies of radioactive contamination is an important fact!

 * Kindly answer my questions.
 * It's not a fact, it's speculation. That a man dies at 83 need not be attributed to anything other than old age, unless it is a clear and properly referenced fact that he died of something else. Your "reference" is "Charlotte Mosely." Where did she say this? On what evidence was her statement based? Intelligent Mr Toad (talk) 03:51, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

Another source? Try in the French Newspaper L' Humanité, it states that "En particulier le 1er mai 1962, en présence des ministres des Armées, Pierre Messmer, et de la Recherche, Gaston Palewski, lors de l’essai baptisé « Beryl », des matériaux radioactifs s’échappent de la montagne. D’après des déclarations de Pierre Messmer, Gaston Palewski aurait été convaincu que la leucémie dont il est mort en 1984 était le résultat de cet accident". The leukemia was probably caused by the Berylium. Robert Prummel (talk) 12:26, 17 August 2008 (UTC)
 * That's a much better source, thankyou. See, it's not hard when you try rather than just be childish. Now, try to answer my questions about the pictures. Intelligent Mr Toad (talk) 12:36, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

It is an attempt to establish the source of images you have posted. These are your original illustrations? They're very nice. But they are not the actual medals awarded to Palewski, are they? No. They are generic examples of decorations which Palewski was awarded. How is that relevant to the article? I could just as easily add a generic illustration of a hat, and say "This is a hat similar to a hat worn by Gaston Palewski." Intelligent Mr Toad (talk) 13:56, 17 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Mr. Toad, is this working on Wikipedia or is this an interrogation? They are my drawings of the decorations mentioned in the article. Robert Prummel (talk) 13:23, 17 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Indeed, but when a man was known for wearing a certain kind of hat or attribute a generic illustration would be usefull. I try to promote interest in the many articles on decorations. The decorations are mentioned in the Palewski article, that is why they are there. As far as genericis concerned, all the 2000 000 colonial medls are the same, the come from the same cast in the Parisian mint. The same is true of the other, rarer, decorations.Robert Prummel (talk)
 * OK well I won't argue with you about it further, I have other arguments running. Perhaps you could expand the caption to identify the individual medals. Intelligent Mr Toad (talk) 23:33, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

Charlemagne
Hello Robert, I believe there have been studies that have shown it is statistically likely that every single person of west european descent is a descendent of Charlemagne, so it is not a noteworthy distinguishing fact. Gustav von Humpelschmumpel (talk) 18:08, 25 August 2008 (UTC)
 * True, but those of us who can prove it are a small elite, and where this is the case it can be noted. Intelligent Mr Toad (talk) 23:11, 25 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Who believes that they are an elite? Gustav von Humpelschmumpel (talk) 20:23, 26 August 2008 (UTC)
 * We do. Intelligent Mr Toad (talk) 23:38, 26 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Can I ask who is we? Gustav von Humpelschmumpel (talk) 01:39, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

James Lonsdale-Bryans
Hi I noticed your Dutch version of this page has more information about a connection with Rudolf Hess, could you please explain, as a typical brit I am rubbish at foriegn languages. Also I have paid for the PDF's from the national archives, would you like me to e mail them to you? RohypnolFTW (talk) 00:13, 1 September 2008 (UTC)

 * There are availeble sources that state that is was because of Mr. Lonsdale's indescretions that Hess believed that there was a poerfull pro-peace group in the cabinet and among the high nobility. Some of these sources are in English!

And yes, that would be most welcome! My Email adress is Godelijntje@home.nl

Greetings from Groningen,

Robert

Jehova Order
I have removed the tag. – ukexpat (talk) 02:22, 7 December 2008 (UTC)

EARLY EARLS OF CLARE

Dear Mr. Lindsey and Mr. Prummel and others : I would respectfully disagree with you that the early Earls of Clare were not actual Earls, but rather that they, "called themselves the Earls of Clare". I believe the later Earls have documents which the early Earls did not have or that, more likely, its "medieval equivalent did not survive". But "the absence of evidence is not evidence of absence". Carl Sagan. The early Earls of Clare are mentioned in medieval chronicles in more than one place. These chroniclers were some of the most educated men in their day. The Chronicler Gerald of Wales was a clerk to Henry II. I do not think he would make such a mistake and it not be corrected. Yet, to date, I have not found such a correction by this Chronicler or any other. If one had to weigh the statements, I think there is more reason to believe that the early Earls were, in fact, appointed by at least one King. Also, I re-checked Hereford and Hertford, and have quoted the texts correctly as they were spelled in the texts, i.e. Hereford. It would be improper for me to quote a text and not quote it exactly as it appeared on the page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.183.194.228 (talk) 15:57, 16 August 2009 (UTC) I do not have a discussion page. Unfortunately, I am learning to use the web and Wikipedia as I go along. I apologize for not signing my statements. At this time, I do not know how to accomplish that. I am still somewhat of an internet illiterate. mugginsx —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.183.194.228 (talk) 16:51, 16 August 2009 (UTC)--Mugginsx (talk) 17:31, 16 August 2009 (UTC)

~* Thanks Mugginsx, As I am not an Englishman or Irishman but Dutch I must not give a definate answer to this highly interesting question. Were they "self styled" Earls or not? Hmm. Shame on them or Well done, why not make yourselve an Earl in a period of weak government, wars and general chaos? By the way, the oldest nobility has no proof of their position. It is an age-old tradition and on the comtinent these families are called Uradel a German word that means "Nobility from oldest times". Younger families that owe their nobility to a document are "Briefadel" or "patented nobility". The first nobles were local potantates and succesfull protectors of village.

Faithfully yours,

Robert Prummel (talk) 23:32, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Arrow without a head
Hi, Robert. You seem to have been the person who created the article Arrow without a head. Since I'm unwilling to grow old and die while trying to figure how to nominate an article for deletion, I thought I'd come straight to you. (Actually, I've posed this question on the article's Talk page and at the Classical Warfare Task Force, with no response so far.) Where the heck did you find this? (Four years ago.) I find no evidence of its existence, searching online with various search parameters, and including possible Latin terms. As I say elsewhere, I'm beginning to think it's an invention by a writer of historical fiction on the model of hasta pura. If you look up hasta in the OLD, you find hasta pura noted; nothing comparable under sagitta. Cynwolfe (talk) 14:50, 22 September 2009 (UTC)

Articles for deletion nomination of Arrow without a head
I have nominated Arrow without a head, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Arrow without a head. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message.  Intelligent  sium  16:53, 30 October 2009 (UTC)

Honour vs Honor
Please consider adding a comment at Talk:Medals of Honor (Japan). --Tenmei (talk) 20:54, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

Medal
I came across the Medal article, and was rather appalled at the lack of references and the interchanging of terms, and the apparent misunderstanding of those terms used. I began editing the article, mainly the introduction and the military medals sections, and will eventually over time rewrite the remainder. Seeing your comment on the same topic of incorrect terms, I wondered if you would take the time to read through the sections I revised and see if my edits are 1) understandable and 2) that I did not miss any corrections in the terminology between decoration and medal. [tk]  XANDERLIPTAK   —Preceding undated comment added 20:32, 28 November 2009 (UTC).

And yes, I would like to help.
 * Thanks Xander! It is a confusing article because Americans and Europeans use deffferent words. The English and Americans are divided by a common language...

Robert Prummel (talk) 02:20, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Arrow Without A Head
Hi, I did not delete this article that you claim is "yours" (you do not own Wikipedia articles you create). I merely participated in an Articles for Deletion discussion about this article over two months ago, in which the result was to delete the article. I did not bring it up for nomination, nor was I the Wikipedia Administrator who closed the discussion and deleted the article based on the consensus of the discussion. I don't understand why you singled me out, since other users participated in the discussion. Doc StrangeMailbox Logbook 02:39, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Well, you promoted its delation. Why didn't you google it first?

Robert Prummel (talk) 02:42, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

 * I did. No reliable sources came up. The link you posted on my talk page is not a reliable source. It seems to be a page involving some sort of online game, and the inclusion of the "[citation needed]" tag reveals that the whole page was copied from the Wikipedia article Roman legion. Doc StrangeMailbox Logbook 02:46, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Well, mayb~e this is a reliable source: It is mentioned in the second part of the Claudius novels by Robert Graves. See Claudius the God and his Wife Messalina. London: Arthur Barker, 1934; New York: Smith & Haas, 1935. Graves was meticoulis in these things. A civil servant called Claudius Balbillus is mentioned by Graves. His awards (the hasta pura and perhaps corona aurea) were given by Claudius during the Triumph to celebrate the conquest of Britain in 44AD. As a friend and part of the Emperor’s retinue, his awards, as much as his military rank, are likely to be entirely honorary. See http://www.legioxx.org.uk/xxdona.html Maxfield 1981, 160-161 In Latin the spear is called the "Hasta Pura". It is also mentioned in the article Hasta (spear). Are you going to delete that as well?

Robert Prummel (talk) 15:31, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Fiction books shouldn't be used as sources if you're trying to prove something existed in real life. Furthermore, in that link above, the term "Arrow without a head" appears nowhere in the text. Doc StrangeMailbox Logbook 16:18, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Indeed, I am sorry that the highly learned Graves didn't give a source. but Maxwell isn't fiction. As to the link; Hasta Pura is Latin for Arrow without a Head.See the German Source on http://www.gottwein.de/latine/LLLh1.php that states (not alltogether to the point because the Hasta Pura was not a phaleræ for bravery) this explanation:

 * hasta Lanze, Stoßwaffe im Gegensatz zum Pilum]
 * hasta pura Ehrenlanze, die einen Schaft aus Edelmetall und statt einer Spitze einen Knauf hatte. Sie wurde als Auszeichnung für Tapferkeit vergeben. (Source: Suetonius.Claud.28,1). Is this convincing enough?

Robert Prummel (talk) 23:11, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Look, I'm not the person you need to be bringing this up with, because - as I said before - I was not the editor who initially suggested the article be deleted, the editor who nominated the article for deletion or the administrator who closed the discussion. If you wish to discuss something like this you can bring it up here or you could discuss it with one of those three editors I mentioned above. Doc StrangeMailbox Logbook 02:13, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

I see that you have created an article entitled Arrow without a Head. It looks like an excerpt from the Hasta (spear) article. Arrow without a Head is a strange title for an article and, although I am no Latin expert, this seems like a strange translation of the term hasta pura. What is going on here? Gaius Cornelius (talk) 18:01, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Dear Gaius, The translation is quite usual, take "toga pura" that means toga without a (purple) rim. I decided to write about Roman honours after heving read about this Hasta Pura in a book by Graves. Robert Graves translates it as Arrow without a head. The same translation more or less is usual in German and Dutch. I will try and find out what the French make of it but I only know these five languages.

 * Salve,

 * Robert Prummel (talk) 23:49, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

 * I think it would be a very good idea to change your article's name to Hasta pura (military decoration) so that it falls in line with similar article titles such as Armilla (military decoration) and Phalera (military decoration). You may find useful templates etc in those articles. I don't think many people will go searching for "Arrow without a Head", but you can keep it as a redirect. If you need help renaming an article, just ask and I can do it for you. Besides, renaming will avoid the inevitable kerfuffle that will start when a bot discovers that you have resurrected a deleted article. I had previously assumed that "pura" meant something along the lines of ritually or simply physically pure. Never mind. Issues around the correct translation can wait until later. Gaius Cornelius (talk) 17:26, 5 January 2010 (UTC)

Thanks, Gaius. I have doone just that. Now let us see how others improve the article. Robert Prummel (talk) 15:14, 9 January 2010 (UTC)

I have deleted Arrow without a Head as you can't have two articles with identical text. You are welcome to recreate it as a redirect. Incidentally, you do realise that Robert Graves either made up or mistranslated the term 'arrow without a head'. Hasta means spear, not arrow - sagitta is arrow. The hasta pura is, as stated in the article quite clearly, a thrusting weapon. Your german source says it is a pilum - not an arrow. I've taken the term out of the lede, moved the whole Graves section lower down (no harm referencing that Graves termed it arrow without a head in the Claudius books - and it probably appeared somewhere in the tv series).Elen of the Roads (talk) 22:27, 14 February 2011 (UTC)
 * I've also added a few more scholarly sources - if you're interested in this stuff, the Perseus Project is an excellent resource. Pura technically seems to mean it is without iron - it's not clear whether this means it had no head, or that the head was made of something else. Elen of the Roads (talk) 23:19, 14 February 2011 (UTC)
 * And having looked up all those refs, I've also been able to improve Hasta (spear), so it's all good. Incidentally, if you do create a redirect, it should be Arrow without a head, not any alternate capitalisation. Elen of the Roads (talk) 23:35, 14 February 2011 (UTC)

Gibbet of Jesus
Some time ago, you participated in Talk at an article which has been variously named Torture stake, Cross or stake as gibbet on which Jesus died, Historical disputes over the shape of the Crucifix, Dispute about the shape of the gibbet of Jesus, Dispute of Jesus' execution method, and Dispute about Jesus' execution method. Editors are considering another name change; I thought you might participate in that discussion.--AuthorityTam (talk) 21:55, 7 March 2012 (UTC)

Gentry
Nikkimaria has drastically forced on the article Gentry an solitary, unparalleled and uncompromising destruction of an article in the name of summarizing. Under the disguise of summarizing she exchanges material for other material. Yes, reducing was needed and it has been done. The galleries and images in the Gentry article have already been over 50% reduced in the spirit of cooperation. Still the reduction continues. Please help in the discussion. The changes have been major and constructive discussion would bee needed on the Gentry talk page. Thank you. Major Torp (talk) 12:26, 21 April 2012 (UTC)

John Smith (died 1835) and John Pratt (died 1835)
Hello, You mentioned on my talk page that to the LGBT community the execution of John Smith (died 1835) and John Pratt (died 1835) is an important milestone. There are several sources, then why the tag about noteworthyness? ''Ruth Ellis' has her article.

I have gone through the source and found no mention that they were the last to hang for sodomy as well as any sources that mentioned their hangings' importance to the LGBT community.

As for the Ruth Ellis article, it is notable not only because she is the last woman executed in the UK, but with the anti-hanging debate already in full cry, she might have won a reprieve had she taken her solicitors' advice.

♠♠ BanëJ ♠♠ (Talk) 10:50, 19 September 2012 (UTC)

Socialist Orders of Merit
Socialist Orders of Merit, an article you created some time ago. Before I really mess up this article, thought I should consult you. A couple of problems. As far as I can tell, Orders of Merit actually have "of Merit" in their titles such as Order of Merit. See orders within Orders, decorations, and medals of the Soviet Union and you can see none have "Merit" in their name. Now, in the sense that the award is for "merit" as an adjective, you will notice that there is no article on wikipedia "Orders of Merit" other than a disambiguation page see:Order of Merit (disambiguation), and therefore makes defining "Orders of Merit" rather dubious (as an order may be for service that calls for a higher adjective than "meritorious", such as "distinguished", "exceptional", or "outstanding"). It is one thing to refer to the order as an order of merit (adjective) in the body of the article; I'm really referring more to the title of the article. And Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of Socialist Labour (USSR) were not orders.--Nyctc7 (talk) 16:52, 27 September 2012 (UTC)

In the original Dutch article the title is simply "socialist order" (Dutch: "Socialistische orde"). I could live with that as the English title. I am affraid that it will be confused with the politics of socialism. Epithetons ornans like "meritorious", "distinguished", "exceptional", or "outstanding" or "Most Ancient and Noble" mean nothing.
 * The fenomenon of an "Order of Merit" as opposed to other types of orders of knighthood, military orders, crusaders orders etc. is made by distinguished writers on phaleristics like Václav Měřička. The French Legion of Honour was the first of this type. The socialist ethos was not really compatible with orders.

As there was no nobility or court these orders were all given for merit. In Europe there are several orders that are not conferred for merit or valour.

Due to their shapes, their organisation and their use the Socialist Orders are, in my view worth an article of their own. However, the Europeans distinguish more sharply between types of orders than the americans. In the USA the contributors to Wikipedia tend to call anything an "award". The consequence was that orders, decorations, medals, the various stars, ribbons and crosses were all calleds awards as in "The Knight Grand Cross wears three awards". Furthermore Wiki started to list Golden Globes, Award for Manitoban patissier of the year" and the Order of the Garter as awards without distinction. Then there was the gentleman that called everything a "military order" even the "Ordre du Mérite Agricole"....

Anyway, I could live with another title.

Robert Prummel (talk) 21:50, 27 September 2012 (UTC)

 * I put "phalerolologie" into Google and nothing came up, eventually I found Faleristics. Anyway, taking a look at the article on the Legion of Honour I think I understand what you mean. I wish there was an article on Wikipedia on "Orders of Merit"...I'll do my best on the Socialist Orders of Merit, and of course anything I do can be edited or undone.--Nyctc7 (talk) 21:21, 27 September 2012 (UTC)

Ah, it is "Faleristics" in English. I'll write Order of merit as a translation of the Dutch article "Orde van Verdienste". Robert Prummel (talk) 21:51, 27 September 2012 (UTC)

 * I see that some articles, when referring to an Order of Merit (in a general sense), have a link to this page:Order (honour). The "Development" section talks about Napoleon and the Legion of Honor. Anway, this has all been very helpful. Cheers,Nyctc7 (talk) 22:24, 27 September 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:01, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Napoleon door Ingres.jpg

The file File:Napoleon door Ingres.jpg has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Unused. Low quality. Superseded by File:Ingres, Napoleon on his Imperial throne.jpg."

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You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. --Minorax «¦talk¦» 03:06, 12 August 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Robert Prummel


text:
Selby (UK Parliament constituency)

Selby is a parliamentary constituency in North Yorkshire, represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. The constituency existed from 1983 to 2010 prior to reformation in 2024.

History
This was a safe Conservative seat from 1983 to 1997 then became a Labour marginal for the remainder of its existence.

1983–2010
1983–1997: The District of Selby, and the District of Ryedale ward of Osbaldwick and Heworth.

1997–2010: The District of Selby.

The constituency covered the district of Selby and the south-eastern suburbs of the city of York (namely the parishes of Fulford, Heslington and Osbaldwick and Heworth Without ). It included the University of York and the Drax and Eggborough power stations.

2007 Boundary Review
Following its review of parliamentary representation in York and North Yorkshire in the 2000s, the Boundary Commission for England created a new seat of Selby and Ainsty. The new seat consists of much of the former Selby constituency, minus the south-western suburbs of York which are included in the (also newly created) seat of York Outer, plus rural areas south and east of Harrogate formerly part of the Vale of York constituency.

2023 Boundary Review
2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies recommended re-establishment of the constituency primarily from the constituency of Selby and Ainsty (which was abolished itself) in North Yorkshire - excluding the Ainsty area and the North Yorkshire Council wards of Appleton Roebuck & Church Fenton and Tadcaster, and with the addition of the City of Leeds ward of Kippax and Methley in West Yorkshire in time for be contested for the first time in the 2024 election.

Since 2024
2024–present: The City of Leeds ward of: Kippax & Methley; and the District of Selby wards of: Barlby Village; Brayton; Byram & Brotherton; Camblesforth & Carlton; Cawood & Wistow; Derwent; Eggborough; Escrick; Hambleton; Monk Fryston; Riccall; Selby East; Selby West; Sherburn in Elmet; South Milford; Thorpe Willoughby; and Whitley.

MPs since 2024
Selby and Ainsty prior to 2024

Elections in the 2020s

 * Keir Mather (Labour) ― Incumbent MP for Selby and Ainsty

title: Selby (UK Parliament constituency)


text:
Eschatology: Death and Eternal Life

Eschatology: Death and Eternal Life (Eschatologie, Tod und ewiges Leben) is a book written by Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI), originally published in German in 1977 and subsequently translated into English in 1988. The book is the study of the "eschaton", the end times in accordance with the Christian doctrine, such as the parousia, heaven, and hell. Among the issues addressed in it is the concept of purgatory, which he argues may be existential—not temporal—in duration.

title: Eschatology: Death and Eternal Life