text:
List of Queen's University Belfast people

This is a list of Queen's University Belfast people including notable alumni and staff of Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland. As one of only two universities in Northern Ireland, the university has been attended by a large proportion of the nation's professionals.

This list does not include people whose only connection with the university consists in the award of an honorary degree.

Staff

 * Mike Baillie – Professor Emeritus of Palaeoecology
 * Sir George Bain – former President and Vice-Chancellor; Chair of the Independent Review of the Fire Service
 * Paul Bew, Baron Bew – Professor of Irish Politics
 * Ciarán Carson – poet, novelist; Professor of English and Director of the Seamus Heaney Centre for Poetry
 * Colin Cooper – Senior Lecturer in psychology; devises IQ tests for the BBC's Test the Nation programme
 * Sir Bernard Crossland – former President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers
 * Edith Newman Devlin (1926–2012) former English lecturer, academic and writer
 * Richard English – Professor of Politics
 * Mick Fealty – Visiting Research Fellow at the Institute of Governance
 * Theodore Thomson Flynn, served as the Chair of Zoology
 * Sir Peter Gregson – former President and Vice-Chancellor
 * Adrian Guelke – Professor of Comparative Politics
 * Sir Charles Antony Richard Hoare - former Professor of Computing Science
 * John Hewitt – the university's first writer-in-residence
 * Thomas Jones – former Professor of Economics
 * James Mallory – Professor in Prehistoric Archaeology
 * Michael Mann – Visiting Research Professor in Sociology
 * Sir John McCanny – Regius Professor of Electronics and Computer Engineering and Director of ECIT
 * Sir William McCrea – former Professor of Mathematics
 * Florence McKeown – former Professor of Morbid Anatomy
 * George Mitchell – former Chancellor, former United States Senator
 * Cornelius O'Leary – former Professor of Political Science
 * Kamalesh Sharma – former Chancellor, former Commonwealth Secretary-General
 * Raymond Warren – former Professor of Composition and Professor of Music
 * John H. Whyte – former Professor of Political Science

Academia

 * Hutton Ayikwei Addy – Professor of Public Health, first dean of the University for Development Studies Medical School
 * Tan Sri Anuwar Ali – 2nd Vice-Chancellor of Open University Malaysia
 * Sir George Vance Allen – 1st Vice-Chancellor of the University of Malaya
 * Sir David Bates – physicist
 * Sir Colin Campbell – former Vice-Chancellor of the University of Nottingham
 * Tan Sri Chin Fung Kee – former Vice-Chancellor of University of Malaya and Professor of Civil Engineering
 * Art Cosgrove – former President of University College Dublin
 * Roy Crawford – Vice-Chancellor of University of Waikato, New Zealand
 * María Ester Grebe — ethnomusicologist
 * Robert John Gregg (1912-1998) - Head of Department of Linguistics at University of British Columbia
 * Colette Henry - social scientist and Head of Department of Business Studies at Dundalk Institute of Technology
 * Séamus Mac Mathúna - an Irish language and Irish literature scholar and university professor
 * Matthew McDiarmid (1914–1996) – literature professor and campaigning academic; editor of the canonical Scottish Text Society editions of the poets Robert Fergusson and Blind Hary
 * Gerry McKenna – former Vice-Chancellor and President of University of Ulster
 * Florence McKeown – pathologist
 * Joseph Mifsud – Maltese academic
 * David Beers Quinn – author and historian
 * Philipp Rosemann – philosopher and holder of the Chair of Philosophy at Maynooth University
 * Rita Segato – anthropologist, feminist and academic
 * Tan Sri Rafiah Salim – Vice-Chancellor of University of Malaya; former Assistant Secretary General for the United Nations Human Resource Management
 * Karen McAuliffe – Reader in Law and Birmingham Fellow, University of Birmingham, UK
 * Robert N Moles – academic and legal researcher
 * Brian Wilson (academic) - Professor of astrophysics; former and longest ever serving Vice-Chancellor of the University of Queensland

Arts and media

 * Stephen Nolan – broadcaster
 * Andrew Beatty – journalist and editor
 * John Boyd - playwright and radio producer
 * Wesley Burrowes – playwright and screenwriter
 * Kasia Glowicka – composer
 * Edwin Lawrence Godkin – American publicist
 * Kieran Goss – singer/songwriter
 * Alan Green – BBC Radio 5 Live football commentator
 * Rachael Hegarty – poet
 * Seamus Heaney – Nobel Prize-winning poet
 * Patrick Hicks – poet
 * Patrick Kielty – television presenter
 * Phil Kieran – club DJ
 * Annie Mac – radio DJ
 * Tony McAuley – broadcaster and musician
 * Eamonn McCann – journalist and civil rights activist
 * Ty McCormick – award-winning American foreign correspondent
 * Lisa McGee – award-winning writer and director
 * Paul Muldoon – Pulitzer Prize-winning poet
 * Bill Neely – Journalist
 * Liam Neeson – actor
 * Donatus Nwoga – literary critic
 * Éamon Phoenix - social and political historian and broadcaster
 * Stephen Rea – actor
 * Rigsy – radio and club DJ; television presenter
 * Nick Ross – broadcaster
 * Zöe Salmon – television presenter
 * Mark Simpson – BBC Ireland correspondent
 * Henry Vega – composer
 * Helen Waddell – poet, translator and playwright
 * Alexander Walker – journalist, author and film critic

Legal, military and civil service

 * Hulusi Akar – 29th Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces
 * Air Commodore David Case – British Armed Forces' most senior black officer
 * Colonel Tim Collins – former Colonel in the British Army, known for his inspirational speech during the Iraq War in 2003
 * Sir Ronnie Flanagan – Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Constabulary; former Chief Constable of Police Service of Northern Ireland and Royal Ulster Constabulary
 * Sir Robert Hart, 1st Baronet – Inspector General of the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs
 * Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton – former British Law Lord and Chair of the Hutton Inquiry
 * Brian Kerr, Baron Kerr of Tonaghmore – former Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland; Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom; the youngest and the only Justice who is not graduated from Oxbridge
 * Joseph Henry Longford – British consul in Japan and academic
 * John MacDermott, Baron MacDermott – Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland
 * Edward Macnaghten, Baron Macnaghten – former British Law Lord and politician
 * Eoin MacNeill – Founder of the Gaelic League
 * Monica McWilliams – Chief Commissioner of the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission; co-founder of the Northern Ireland Women's Coalition; former Professor of Women's Studies and Social Policy at the University of Ulster
 * Sir Andrew Porter, 1st Baronet – former Master of the Rolls and Attorney General for Ireland
 * Sir James Russell – Chief Justice of Hong Kong
 * Sir Barry Shaw – first Director of Public Prosecutions for Northern Ireland
 * Paul Tweed – media lawyer
 * Air Vice Marshal Sir William Tyrrell – Irish Rugby international; member of first official British Isles Rugby team in 1910, decorated military officer; surgeon to King George VI of the United Kingdom
 * Sir Hiram Shaw Wilkinson – Chief Justice of the British Supreme Court for China and Corea

Politicians

 * John Alderdice, Baron Alderdice – former Leader of the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland; former Presiding Officer of the Northern Ireland Assembly; consultant psychotherapist
 * Jim Allister – leader of Northern Ireland's Traditional Unionist Voice Party
 * Clare Bailey – Green Party leader and MLA for Belfast South
 * Dominic Bradley – Social Democratic and Labour Party MLA for Newry and Armagh
 * Diane Dodds – Democratic Unionist Party MLA for West Belfast
 * Nigel Dodds – Barrister and Democratic Unionist Party MP for North Belfast
 * Mark Durkan – Former Social Democratic and Labour Party MP for Foyle; former Leader of the SDLP; Former Deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland
 * Reg Empey – former Leader of the Ulster Unionist Party
 * Toiréasa Ferris – Sinn Féin politician; first female Mayor of Kerry; first Sinn Féin Chairperson of Kerry County Council
 * Arlene Foster, Baroness Foster of Aghadrumsee – Former Democratic Unionist Party MLA for Fermanagh and South Tyrone; Former First Minister of Northern Ireland
 * Simon Hamilton – Democratic Unionist Party MLA for Strangford
 * Tun Lim Keng Yaik – former Energy Minister of Malaysia
 * Naomi Long – Leader of the Alliance Party; Minister of Justice and former Lord Mayor of Belfast
 * Brian Mawhinney – former MP and Chairman of the Conservative Party (UK)
 * Mary McAleese – former President of Ireland
 * Nelson McCausland – Former Democratic Unionist Party MLA for North Belfast;
 * Brian McConnell, Baron McConnell – former Ulster Unionist MP
 * Michelle McIlveen – Democratic Unionist Party MLA for Strangford
 * Sheelagh Murnaghan – former Ulster Liberal Party MP
 * Gearóid Ó Cuinneagáin – Irish fascist and leader of Ailtirí na hAiséirghe
 * Ian Paisley Jnr – North Antrim MLA for Democratic Unionist Party
 * Janil Puthucheary – Minister of State, Ministry of Communications and Information Singapore, PAP MP for Punggol Coast
 * Tan Sri Ramli Ngah Talib – former Speaker of the Malaysian Parliament
 * Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah – former Minister of Finance of Malaysia
 * John P Savage – Premier of Nova Scotia
 * Eóin Tennyson – Alliance Party MLA for Upper Bann
 * David Trimble – former First Minister of Northern Ireland and Nobel Peace Prize winner
 * Peter Weir, Baron Weir of Ballyholme – Democratic Unionist Party MLA for North Down
 * Jim Wells – Democratic Unionist Party MLA for South Down
 * Sammy Wilson – Democratic Unionist Party MP for East Antrim

Religion

 * Anthony Farquhar – Auxiliary Bishop of Down and Connor; Assistant Chaplain of the University 1970–1975
 * Cahal Daly – Archbishop Emeritus of The Archdiocese of Armagh – former lecturer; Reader in Scholastic Philosophy, 1946–1967
 * James McEvoy – emeritus chair of scholastic philosophy (1943–2010)
 * Donal McKeown – Auxiliary Bishop of Down and Connor
 * Morris S. Seale – theologian
 * Patrick Walsh – Bishop Emeritus of Down and Connor; Catholic Chaplain of the University 1963–1970

Science

 * John Bodkin Adams – physician and suspected serial killer
 * Dame Ingrid Allen – neuropathologist and multiple sclerosis researcher
 * John S. Bell – physicist and developer of Bell's Theorem, regarded by some in the quantum physics community as one of the most important theorems of the 20th century
 * John Edward Campbell – mathematician, academic and co-developer of the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula
 * Thomas Henry Flewett – virologist who suggested the name Rotavirus to the virus which is most common cause of diarrhoeal disease
 * Erwin Gabathuler - particle physicist
 * Terence Ingold – mycologist and botanist
 * Henrik Kacser – biochemist and geneticist
 * H Douglas Keith – polymer research scientist
 * Lavinia Loughridge – physician and nephrologist
 * Domhnall MacAuley – physician, medical academic, and medical journal editor
 * Daniel McCaughan OBE, FREng – physicist, engineer and industrialist
 * Mollie McGeown – physician, nephrologist and health service pioneer
 * Frank Murray (1912-1993) - Physician; interned in Japanese POW camps in Singapore and Japan
 * Frank Pantridge – inventor of the portable defibrillator
 * Peter Rice – structural engineer
 * Leslie Skene – psychiatrist
 * Margarita Dawson Stelfox (née Mitchell) - botanist
 * Isobel Addey Tate – World war I doctor
 * Alfred R. J. P. Ubbelohde FRS – Professor of Chemistry
 * George P. L. Walker – geologist and vulcanologist
 * William Parkinson Wilson – mathematician and founder of astronomical observatory
 * Richard Henry Yapp - botanist

Sport

 * David Cullen – 2007 winner of the Arthur Ashe for Courage Award at the 2007 ESPY Awards ceremony
 * Thomas MacDonald (1908–1998) – cricketer
 * Martin O'Neill – former footballer and former Leicester City, Celtic and Aston Villa manager who studied law at Queen's before being scouted by Nottingham Forest
 * Trevor Ringland – former Ireland and British Lions rugby player, 2007 winner of the Arthur Ashe for Courage Award at the 2007 ESPY Awards ceremony
 * Air Vice Marshal Sir William Tyrrell – Irish Rugby international, member of first official British Isles Rugby team in 1910, decorated military officer, and surgeon to King George VI of the United Kingdom

Other

 * Kafeel Ahmed – suspected terrorist in the 2007 Glasgow International Airport attack
 * Eamon Collins – former Provisional IRA member who later wrote a tell all book about life in the IRA
 * Adam McGibbon - environmentalist and writer
 * Michael McGoldrick – murder victim during The Troubles
 * Laurence McKeown – former Provisional IRA member who took part in the 1981 Irish hunger strike


text:
1959 Manitoba general election

The 1959 Manitoba general election was held on May 14, 1959 to elect 57 members to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, Canada. It resulted in a majority victory for the incumbent Progressive Conservatives under the leadership of Premier Dufferin Roblin. It was the first time since the 1914 election that the PCs won an outright majority in the province, when they were led by Dufferin Roblin's grandfather, Sir Rodmond Roblin.

Roblin's PCs won 36 seats against 11 for the Liberal-Progressives, led by former Premier Douglas Campbell, and 10 for the social democratic Co-operative Commonwealth Federation led by Lloyd Stinson. The PCs took 25 percent more votes than it had received in the previous election just one year beforenbut took 40 percent more seats than it had won in 1958. They had won 117,822 votes in 1958, compared to 147,000 in 1959.

The Manitoba Social Credit Party, which won 2 seats in the 1958 election, did not contest any seats during the election and regained a foothold in the legislature only during a subsequent by-election. The communist Labor-Progressive Party contested three ridings but did not win any.

The election is the last one to be fought by candidates with the "Liberal-Progressive," "Co-operative Commonwealth," or "Labor-Progressive" labels in Manitoba. The Liberal-Progressives dropped the latter half in 1961 and ran all subsequent elections as "Liberals." Similarly, the Labor-Progressive candidates returned to the "Communist" label. The CCF changed its name following the national party's re-incorporation into the New Democratic Party and ran all future elections as Manitoba New Democrats.

Northern Manitoba
1,587 954 1,810 1,728 923 2,268 587 393 2,345 1,027 779
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Churchill
 * John Ingebrigtson
 * John Ingebrigtson
 * John Ingebrigtson
 * Kenneth D. Wray
 * Kenneth D. Wray
 * E.J. Williams
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Flin Flon
 * Charles Witney
 * E.J. Williams
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Flin Flon
 * Charles Witney
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Flin Flon
 * Charles Witney
 * Charles Witney
 * Charles Witney
 * Francis Jobin
 * Francis Jobin
 * Frederick S. Pope
 * Frederick S. Pope
 * Francis Jobin
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Rupertsland
 * Joseph Jeannotte
 * Francis Jobin
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Rupertsland
 * Joseph Jeannotte
 * Joseph Jeannotte
 * Joseph Jeannotte
 * Harry Boulette
 * Harry Boulette
 * Alfred J. Cook
 * Alfred J. Cook
 * Joseph Jeannotte
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|The Pas
 * John Carroll
 * Joseph Jeannotte
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|The Pas
 * John Carroll
 * John Carroll
 * John Carroll
 * Marvin Hill
 * Marvin Hill
 * Peter Schewchuk
 * Peter Schewchuk
 * John Carroll
 * }
 * John Carroll
 * }
 * }

Southern Manitoba
2,513 1,932 556 2,239 2,015 947 5,452 2,159 1,415 1,409 1,083 2,107 1,791 2,397 2,951 1,781 2,951 967 1,233 2,077 1,923 167 2,190 2,752 1,001 1,856 1,590 1,361 1,028 1,777 2,570 1,007 932 2,318 2,469 415 2,377 2,136 440 1,357 1,272 1,018 346 1,774 1,896 278 1,581 1,799 2,386 2,029 1,090 1,905 1,298 3,077 1,199 2,300 1,827 416 1,462 1,648 1,946 1,334 1,569 2,545 1,843 632 2,269 2,143 444 1,371 2,279 255 1,576 2,390 353 1,732 1,814 872 2,688 1,448 1,878 1,507 772 2,292 786 1,431 3,247 1,187 3,097 1,337
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Arthur
 * John Cobb
 * John Cobb
 * John Cobb
 * John McRae
 * John McRae
 * William G. Powne (Ind.)
 * William G. Powne (Ind.)
 * William G. Powne (Ind.)
 * William G. Powne (Ind.)
 * John Cobb
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Birtle-Russell
 * Robert Smellie
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Birtle-Russell
 * Robert Smellie
 * Robert Smellie
 * Rodney Clement
 * Rodney Clement
 * Michael Sotas
 * Michael Sotas
 * Rodney Clement
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Brandon
 * Reginald Lissaman
 * Rodney Clement
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Brandon
 * Reginald Lissaman
 * Reginald Lissaman
 * Reginald Lissaman
 * Gordon A. Phillips
 * Gordon A. Phillips
 * Hans Fries
 * Hans Fries
 * Reginald Lissaman
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Brokenhead
 * Gordon B. Burnett
 * Reginald Lissaman
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Brokenhead
 * Gordon B. Burnett
 * Gordon B. Burnett
 * Gordon B. Burnett
 * Arthur Trapp
 * Arthur Trapp
 * Ed Schreyer
 * Ed Schreyer
 * Ed Schreyer
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Carillon
 * Peter J. Thiessen
 * Ed Schreyer
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Carillon
 * Peter J. Thiessen
 * Peter J. Thiessen
 * Peter J. Thiessen
 * Edmond Prefontaine
 * Edmond Prefontaine
 * Edmond Prefontaine
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Cypress
 * Marcel Boulic
 * Edmond Prefontaine
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Cypress
 * Marcel Boulic
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Cypress
 * Marcel Boulic
 * Marcel Boulic
 * Marcel Boulic
 * John Leslie Sundell
 * John Leslie Sundell
 * Marcel Boulic
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Dauphin
 * Stewart McLean
 * Marcel Boulic
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Dauphin
 * Stewart McLean
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Dauphin
 * Stewart McLean
 * Stewart McLean
 * Stewart McLean
 * Emma Hildegard Ringstrom
 * Emma Hildegard Ringstrom
 * A. Clifford Matthews
 * A. Clifford Matthews
 * Stewart McLean
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Dufferin
 * William Homer Hamilton
 * Stewart McLean
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Dufferin
 * William Homer Hamilton
 * William Homer Hamilton
 * William Homer Hamilton
 * Walter McDonald
 * Walter McDonald
 * Chester Ernest Johnson
 * Chester Ernest Johnson
 * Walter McDonald
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Emerson
 * Ben Comeaux
 * Walter McDonald
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Emerson
 * Ben Comeaux
 * Ben Comeaux
 * Ben Comeaux
 * John Tanchak
 * John Tanchak
 * John Tanchak
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Ethelbert Plains
 * Isadore Syrnyk
 * John Tanchak
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Ethelbert Plains
 * Isadore Syrnyk
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Ethelbert Plains
 * Isadore Syrnyk
 * Isadore Syrnyk
 * Isadore Syrnyk
 * Michael Hryhorczuk
 * Michael Hryhorczuk
 * Peter Burtniak
 * Peter Burtniak
 * Michael Hryhorczuk
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Fisher
 * Roy Ellison
 * Michael Hryhorczuk
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Fisher
 * Roy Ellison
 * Roy Ellison
 * Roy Ellison
 * W.J. Griffin, Jr.
 * W.J. Griffin, Jr.
 * Peter Wagner
 * Peter Wagner
 * Peter Wagner
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Gimli
 * George Johnson
 * Peter Wagner
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Gimli
 * George Johnson
 * George Johnson
 * George Johnson
 * Alex Hawrysh
 * Alex Hawrysh
 * Zado Zator
 * Zado Zator
 * George Johnson
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Gladstone
 * Earl Murray
 * George Johnson
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Gladstone
 * Earl Murray
 * Earl Murray
 * Earl Murray
 * Nelson Shoemaker
 * Nelson Shoemaker
 * Della Yuel
 * Della Yuel
 * Nelson Shoemaker
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Hamiota
 * Barry Strickland
 * Nelson Shoemaker
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Hamiota
 * Barry Strickland
 * Barry Strickland
 * Barry Strickland
 * James Chester Scott
 * James Chester Scott
 * Arthur Nicholson
 * Arthur Nicholson
 * Barry Strickland
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Lac du Bonnet
 * Oscar Bjornson
 * Barry Strickland
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Lac du Bonnet
 * Oscar Bjornson
 * Oscar Bjornson
 * Oscar Bjornson
 * John Ateah
 * John Ateah
 * Donald H. MacLean
 * Donald H. MacLean
 * Stanley Copp (Ind.)
 * Stanley Copp (Ind.)
 * Arthur Trapp
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Lakeside
 * John Frederick Bate
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Lakeside
 * John Frederick Bate
 * John Frederick Bate
 * Douglas Campbell
 * Douglas Campbell
 * Allen Werbiski
 * Allen Werbiski
 * Douglas Campbell
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|La Verendrye
 * Edmund Guertin
 * Douglas Campbell
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|La Verendrye
 * Edmund Guertin
 * Edmund Guertin
 * Edmund Guertin
 * Stan Roberts
 * Stan Roberts
 * Stan Roberts
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Minnedosa
 * Walter Weir
 * Stan Roberts
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Minnedosa
 * Walter Weir
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Minnedosa
 * Walter Weir
 * Walter Weir
 * Walter Weir
 * Charles L. Shuttleworth
 * Charles L. Shuttleworth
 * J.M. Lee
 * J.M. Lee
 * Charles L. Shuttleworth
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Morris
 * Harry Shewman
 * Charles L. Shuttleworth
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Morris
 * Harry Shewman
 * Harry Shewman
 * Harry Shewman
 * Bruce MacKenzie
 * Bruce MacKenzie
 * Harry Shewman
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Pembina
 * Maurice Ridley
 * Harry Shewman
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Pembina
 * Maurice Ridley
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Pembina
 * Maurice Ridley
 * Maurice Ridley
 * Maurice Ridley
 * Lynwood Graham
 * Lynwood Graham
 * Maurice Ridley
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Portage la Prairie
 * John Christianson
 * Maurice Ridley
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Portage la Prairie
 * John Christianson
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Portage la Prairie
 * John Christianson
 * John Christianson
 * John Christianson
 * Charles Greenlay
 * Charles Greenlay
 * Fred Allan Tufford
 * Fred Allan Tufford
 * Charles Greenlay
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Rhineland
 * Leo Recksiedler
 * Charles Greenlay
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Rhineland
 * Leo Recksiedler
 * Leo Recksiedler
 * Leo Recksiedler
 * Wallace C. Miller
 * Wallace C. Miller
 * Wallace C. Miller
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Roblin
 * Keith Alexander
 * Wallace C. Miller
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Roblin
 * Keith Alexander
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Roblin
 * Keith Alexander
 * Keith Alexander
 * Keith Alexander
 * Ray Mitchell
 * Ray Mitchell
 * Joseph Perchaluk
 * Joseph Perchaluk
 * Keith Alexander
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Rock Lake
 * Abram Harrison
 * Keith Alexander
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Rock Lake
 * Abram Harrison
 * Abram Harrison
 * Abram Harrison
 * Walter Clark
 * Walter Clark
 * Cyril Hamwee
 * Cyril Hamwee
 * Abram Harrison
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Rockwood-Iberville
 * George Hutton
 * Abram Harrison
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Rockwood-Iberville
 * George Hutton
 * George Hutton
 * George Hutton
 * Robert Bend
 * Robert Bend
 * Samuel Cranston
 * Samuel Cranston
 * Robert Bend
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. George
 * Ivan George Casselman
 * Robert Bend
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. George
 * Ivan George Casselman
 * Ivan George Casselman
 * Ivan George Casselman
 * Elman Guttormson
 * Elman Guttormson
 * Nellie Baker
 * Nellie Baker
 * Elman Guttormson
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Ste. Rose
 * Albert Fletcher
 * Elman Guttormson
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Ste. Rose
 * Albert Fletcher
 * Albert Fletcher
 * Albert Fletcher
 * Gildas Molgat
 * Gildas Molgat
 * Leon W. Hoefer
 * Leon W. Hoefer
 * Gildas Molgat
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Selkirk
 * Edward Foster
 * Gildas Molgat
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Selkirk
 * Edward Foster
 * Edward Foster
 * Edward Foster
 * Thomas P. Hillhouse
 * Thomas P. Hillhouse
 * Scottie Bryce
 * Scottie Bryce
 * Thomas P. Hillhouse
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Souris-Lansdowne
 * Malcolm McKellar
 * Thomas P. Hillhouse
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Souris-Lansdowne
 * Malcolm McKellar
 * Malcolm McKellar
 * Malcolm McKellar
 * George Adrian Griffith
 * George Adrian Griffith
 * Malcolm McKellar
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Springfield
 * Fred Klym
 * Malcolm McKellar
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Springfield
 * Fred Klym
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Springfield
 * Fred Klym
 * Fred Klym
 * Fred Klym
 * William Lucko
 * William Lucko
 * Richard Loeb
 * Richard Loeb
 * William Lucko
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Swan River
 * Albert H.C. Corbett
 * William Lucko
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Swan River
 * Albert H.C. Corbett
 * Albert H.C. Corbett
 * Albert H.C. Corbett
 * Arvid Burst
 * Arvid Burst
 * Hilliard Farriss
 * Hilliard Farriss
 * Albert H.C. Corbett
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Turtle Mountain
 * Errick Willis
 * Albert H.C. Corbett
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Turtle Mountain
 * Errick Willis
 * Errick Willis
 * Errick Willis
 * Walter Christianson
 * Walter Christianson
 * Errick Willis
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Virden
 * John Thompson
 * Errick Willis
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Virden
 * John Thompson
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Virden
 * John Thompson
 * John Thompson
 * John Thompson
 * John Wesley Clarke
 * John Wesley Clarke
 * John Thompson
 * }
 * John Thompson
 * }
 * John Thompson
 * }
 * }
 * }

Winnipeg
3,157 1,388 2,940 269 1,286 1,155 2,235 675 2,560 1,488 2,782 4,842 2,035 1,373 4,352 1,947 1,425 2,106 981 3,635 468 3,511 1,972 3,659 1,921 873 2,098 3,808 1,166 3,482 2,998 2,029 4,085 4,936 3,060 478 2,992 3,772 1,309 3,616 1,541 2,348 2,010 854 2,261 588 3,635 1,900 2,090 4,599 1,946 353 1,973 1,343 3,889 3,082 1,624 2,854 3,712 1,462 1,474 4,351 1,707 1,131
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Assiniboia
 * George Johnson
 * George Johnson
 * George Johnson
 * Jack Brownrigg
 * Jack Brownrigg
 * Donovan Swailes
 * Donovan Swailes
 * George R.A. Brown (Ind.)
 * George R.A. Brown (Ind.)
 * Donovan Swailes
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Burrows
 * Andrew Zaharychuk
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Burrows
 * Andrew Zaharychuk
 * Andrew Zaharychuk
 * Joseph R. Hnidan
 * Joseph R. Hnidan
 * John Hawryluk
 * John Hawryluk
 * William Cecil Ross (LPP)
 * William Cecil Ross (LPP)
 * John Hawryluk
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Elmwood
 * Henry Emerson Snyder
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Elmwood
 * Henry Emerson Snyder
 * Henry Emerson Snyder
 * Alex Turk
 * Alex Turk
 * Steve Peters
 * Steve Peters
 * Steve Peters
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Fort Garry
 * Sterling Lyon
 * Steve Peters
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Fort Garry
 * Sterling Lyon
 * Sterling Lyon
 * Sterling Lyon
 * Stanley Farwell
 * Stanley Farwell
 * Nena Woodward
 * Nena Woodward
 * Sterling Lyon
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Fort Rouge
 * Gurney Evans
 * Sterling Lyon
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Fort Rouge
 * Gurney Evans
 * Gurney Evans
 * Gurney Evans
 * Jerome Marrin
 * Jerome Marrin
 * Robert C. Murdoch
 * Robert C. Murdoch
 * Gurney Evans
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Inkster
 * Mary A. Wawrykow
 * Gurney Evans
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Inkster
 * Mary A. Wawrykow
 * Mary A. Wawrykow
 * Mary A. Wawrykow
 * John A. Kolt
 * John A. Kolt
 * Morris Gray
 * Morris Gray
 * L.W. Kaminski (LPP)
 * L.W. Kaminski (LPP)
 * Morris Gray
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Kildonan
 * John Ernest Willis
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Kildonan
 * John Ernest Willis
 * John Ernest Willis
 * Cornelius Huebert
 * Cornelius Huebert
 * A.J. Reid
 * A.J. Reid
 * A.J. Reid
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Logan
 * Albert Edward Bennett
 * A.J. Reid
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Logan
 * Albert Edward Bennett
 * Albert Edward Bennett
 * Albert Edward Bennett
 * John Kozoriz
 * John Kozoriz
 * Lemuel Harris
 * Lemuel Harris
 * Stephen Juba
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Osborne
 * Obie Baizley
 * Stephen Juba
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Osborne
 * Obie Baizley
 * Obie Baizley
 * Obie Baizley
 * David Bowman
 * David Bowman
 * Lloyd Stinson
 * Lloyd Stinson
 * Lloyd Stinson
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Radisson
 * Harold Huppe
 * Lloyd Stinson
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Radisson
 * Harold Huppe
 * Harold Huppe
 * Harold Huppe
 * Nick Slotek
 * Nick Slotek
 * Russell Paulley
 * Russell Paulley
 * Russell Paulley
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|River Heights
 * W.B. Scarth
 * Russell Paulley
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|River Heights
 * W.B. Scarth
 * W.B. Scarth
 * W.B. Scarth
 * Keith Routley
 * Keith Routley
 * Magnus Eliason
 * Magnus Eliason
 * W.B. Scarth
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. Boniface
 * Harry De Leeuw
 * W.B. Scarth
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. Boniface
 * Harry De Leeuw
 * Harry De Leeuw
 * Harry De Leeuw
 * Laurent Desjardins
 * Laurent Desjardins
 * Benjamin Cyr
 * Benjamin Cyr
 * Roger Teillet
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. James
 * Douglas Stanes
 * Roger Teillet
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. James
 * Douglas Stanes
 * Douglas Stanes
 * Douglas Stanes
 * David Graham
 * David Graham
 * Al Mackling
 * Al Mackling
 * Douglas Stanes
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. Johns
 * Dan Zaharia
 * Douglas Stanes
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. Johns
 * Dan Zaharia
 * Dan Zaharia
 * Dan Zaharia
 * Abe Yanofsky
 * Abe Yanofsky
 * David Orlikow
 * David Orlikow
 * Jacob Penner (LPP)
 * Jacob Penner (LPP)
 * David Orkilow
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. Matthews
 * William Martin
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. Matthews
 * William Martin
 * William Martin
 * Paul Goodman
 * Paul Goodman
 * Gordon Fines
 * Gordon Fines
 * William Martin
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. Vital
 * Fred Groves
 * William Martin
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. Vital
 * Fred Groves
 * Fred Groves
 * Fred Groves
 * George R. D. Goulet
 * George R. D. Goulet
 * Joseph Trafer
 * Joseph Trafer
 * Fred Groves
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Seven Oaks
 * Charles Nye
 * Fred Groves
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Seven Oaks
 * Charles Nye
 * Charles Nye
 * Charles Nye
 * Calvin Scarfe
 * Calvin Scarfe
 * Arthur E. Wright
 * Arthur E. Wright
 * Arthur E. Wright
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Wellington
 * Richard Seaborn
 * Arthur E. Wright
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Wellington
 * Richard Seaborn
 * Richard Seaborn
 * Richard Seaborn
 * William Norrie
 * William Norrie
 * James McIsaac
 * James McIsaac
 * Richard Seaborn
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Winnipeg Centre
 * James Cowan
 * Richard Seaborn
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Winnipeg Centre
 * James Cowan
 * James Cowan
 * James Cowan
 * Gurzon Harvey
 * Gurzon Harvey
 * Fred Paulley
 * Fred Paulley
 * James Cowan
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Wolseley
 * Dufferin Roblin
 * James Cowan
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Wolseley
 * Dufferin Roblin
 * Dufferin Roblin
 * Dufferin Roblin
 * Francis C. Muldoon
 * Francis C. Muldoon
 * Peter Griffin
 * Peter Griffin
 * Dufferin Roblin
 * }
 * Dufferin Roblin
 * }
 * }
 * }

By-elections 1958 to 1962
! style="text-align:right;" colspan=3 |Total valid votes ! style="text-align:right;" |3,995 ! style="text-align:right;" colspan=2 |100
 * - style="background-color:white"

! style="text-align:right;" colspan=3 |Total valid votes ! style="text-align:right;" |4,032 ! style="text-align:right;" colspan=2 |100
 * - style="background-color:white"

! style="text-align:right;" colspan=3 |Total valid votes ! style="text-align:right;" |3,584 ! style="text-align:right;" colspan=2 |100
 * - style="background-color:white"

! style="text-align:right;" colspan=3 |Total valid votes ! style="text-align:right;" |4,654 ! style="text-align:right;" colspan=2|100
 * - style="background-color:white"

! style="text-align:right;" colspan=3 |Total valid votes ! style="text-align:right;" |4,934 ! style="text-align:right;" colspan=2 |100
 * - style="background-color:white"

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1959 Manitoba general election


text:
Malatya Province

Malatya Province (Parezgêha Meletî ) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey. Its area is 12,259 km2, and its population is 812,580 (2022). It is part of a larger mountainous area. The capital of the province is the city of Malatya, which has a population of 485,484 (2022).

According to the Encyclopedia of Islam, the province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan.

Districts
Malatya province is divided into 13 districts:

 * Akçadağ
 * Arapgir
 * Arguvan
 * Battalgazi
 * Darende
 * Doğanşehir
 * Doğanyol
 * Hekimhan
 * Kale
 * Kuluncak
 * Pütürge
 * Yazıhan
 * Yeşilyurt

Demographics
According to German geographers Georg Hassel and Adam Christian Gaspari, Malatya was composed of 1200 to 1500 houses in early 19th century, inhabited by Ottomans, Turkmens, Armenians, and Greeks, while the mountainous areas in the sanjak of Malatya were mostly inhabited by Kurdish tribes such as Reşwan.

The province had a population of 306,882 in 1927 of which 98.9% was Muslim and 1.0% Christians. Linguistically, Turkish was the most spoken first language at 57.3%, followed by Kurdish at 40.2% and Armenian at 0.9%. The population increased to 410,152 in 1935 of which 99.3% was Muslim and 0.6% Christian. Turkish remained the most spoken first language at 60.2%, followed by Kurdish 39.3% and Armenian at 0.4%. The province had a population of 483,568 in 1950 of which Turkish was spoken by 64.8% of the population, followed by Kurdish at 34.9%. Armenian remained the third most spoken language but decreased to 0.2%. The modern province of Malatya does not fully coincide with the province of Malatya until 1954, before when the province also included the modern Turkish province of Adıyaman, which was more than double Kurdish-speaking than Malatya according to the 1965 census.

It was estimated in 2012 that about 20% to 30% of the province was Alevi of which the vast majority was Kurdish. This group is mostly politically aligned with nationalist Kurdish parties especially after the Sivas Massacre and activity of the Kurdistan Workers' Party since the early 1990s.

History
German academic Barbara Henning describes the province as the regional center of Kurdish nationalism in the early 20th century. During this period, the local governor of the province and mayor of Malatya city were both sympathetic to the Kurdish cause and Celadet Bedir Khan, Kamuran Alî Bedirxan and other members of the Society for the Rise of Kurdistan visited the region various times and established cordial relations with the local tribes including with the Reşwan tribe.

Local sites

 * İnönü University (since 1975)
 * Turgut Özal Medical Center (in İnönü University)
 * Malatya Erhaç Airport (serving both public and military)
 * Eskimalatya (old city centre, historical place)

title: Malatya Province


text: File:Kmfdm naive.jpg

title: File:Kmfdm naive.jpg


text:
Ahuachapán

Ahuachapán is a city, municipality, and the capital of the Ahuachapán Department in western El Salvador. The municipality, including the city, covers an area of 244.84 km2 and as of 2007 has a population of 110,511 people. Situated near the Guatemalan border, it is the westernmost city in the country and is the center of an agricultural region producing primarily coffee.

Ahuachapán is the site of a geothermal power plant and a hydroelectric station. The local geothermal activity produces many steam vents, visible throughout the surrounding mountains.

Among other things, Ahuachapan is also the birthplace of notable Salvadoran poet Alfredo Espino and is about an hour's drive from the national wildlife park El Imposible.

History
Ahuachapán was founded by Mayan Indians of the Poqomam tribe in the 5th century, and was invaded in the 15th century by the Izalcos people. It officially gained city status in El Salvador on 11 February 1862 and became the departmental capital on 9 February 1899.

Geography
The municipality of Ahuachapán is located 100 km from the capital city San Salvador. To the north it borders San Lorenzo and the Republic of Guatemala. It is surrounded by San Lorenzo, Atiquizaya and Turín; by Juayúa, Apaneca, and Tacuba to the south. The climate of the municipality is very warm with the temperatures oscillating between 22 °C and 27 °C.

The principal river is the Río Paz. There are other tributaries but the Río Paz forms a natural border between El Salvador and Guatemala.

Monuments/main attractions
Near the Iglesia La Asunción, the Francisco Menéndez Park has a monument to honor General Francisco Menéndez who was president of the republic. There is a bronze plate indicating the house where he lived. One of the main attractions is the Central Plaza, which contains: the Central Park, known as Parque Concordia, surrounded by City Hall (a modern style building with a little resemblance of art deco, rebuilt after a fire in the 1950s), the town's main church, Iglesia de La Asunción, which is over 100 years old, and the Pasaje Concordia, also known as "the new place in town," that was restored in the early twenty first century and is a pedestrian-only street.

Lagoon of El Espino
It was formerly called Huitziapan or "Laguna de la Espina" and is four kilometers to the north-west of the city of Ahuachapan, along the international highway to Guatemala. Between this body of water and the city of Ahuachapán, the first battle in the history of independent Central America took place; the battle of Espino, on 12 March 1822. .

Other attractions include Los Ausoles (an area of geysers, small and large steam vents and bubbling hot fountains), the Lagoon Morán, Atehuecillas and Malacatiupán. Close to Las Chinamas is "Los Encuentros" where the "Rio Paz" river and the "El Pulula" river (Guatemalan river) merge. "La Poza de la Yerba Buena" of the Pueblo Viejo river in the Cantón Santa Cruz is nearby. El Arco Durán, situated in the perimeter of the city of Ahuachapán, is a replica of a famous French arch, with all kinds of delicious and typical Salvadorean "Pupusas" nearby.

Cantons
The municipality is divided into 29 cantons (regions/districts).

These are: Ashapuco, Chancuyo, Chipilapa, Cuyanausul, El Anonal, Cantón Platanares, El Roble, El Tigre, El Barro, Guayaltepec, La Coyotera, La Danta, La Montañita, Las Chinamas (Puesto Fronterizo), Llano de Doña María, Llano de La Laguna o El Espino, Loma de La Gloria, Los Huatales, Los Magueyes, Los Toles, Nejapa, Palo Pique, Río Frío, San Lázaro, San Ramón, Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa Acacalco, Suntecumat y Tacubita.

Towns and villages in the municipality

 * Agua Shuca
 * Ahuachapán
 * Ashapuco
 * Ataco
 * Calapa
 * cara sucia
 * Chancuyo
 * Chipilapa
 * Cuyanausul
 * El Anonal
 * El Barro
 * El Espino
 * El Jobo
 * El Junquillo
 * El Mojón
 * El Roble
 * El Saitillal
 * El Tigre
 * Guayaltepec
 * Hacienda San Isidro
 * Hacienda San Luis
 * La Angostura
 * La Coyotera
 * La Danta
 * La Guascota
 * La Montañita
 * Las Chinamas
 * Las Delicias
 * Llano de Doña Maria
 * Llano de La Laguna
 * Loma de La Gloria
 * Los Horcones
 * Los Huatales
 * Los Magueyes
 * Los Toles
 * Palo Pique
 * Río Frío
 * San José
 * San Lázaro
 * San Luis
 * San Ramón
 * San Raymundo
 * San Venancio
 * Santa Cruz
 * Santa Rita
 * Santa Rosa Acacalco
 * Suntecumat
 * Tacuba

Economy
The most important industries are geothermal energy, coffee, textiles and construction materials.

Traditions
The most important tradition is the Día de los Farolitos (Day of the Little Lantern Lights), held every year on 7 September, where a parade and celebration is conducted to honor the birth of the Virgin Mary.

Notable people

 * Alfredo Espino
 * Ricardo Trigueros Deleón
 * Humberto Escapini
 * Roberto Galicia
 * Miguel Ángel Espino
 * Santiago José Celis
 * Mauricio Linares Aguilar
 * Francisco Menéndez
 * Alvaro Magaña Borja
 * Timoteo Menéndez
 * Mario Benjamín Castro

Sports
The Once Municipal (Municipal Eleven) is the local professional association football club of the Department of Ahuachapán. The home stadium of Once Municipal is Estadio Simeón Magaña.

title: Ahuachapán


text:
Dolbadarn Castle

Dolbadarn Castle (Castell Dolbadarn ) is a fortification built by the Welsh prince Llywelyn the Great during the early 13th century, at the base of the Llanberis Pass, in northern Wales. The castle was important both militarily and as a symbol of Llywelyn's power and authority. The castle features a large stone keep, which historian Richard Avent considers "the finest surviving example of a Welsh round tower". In 1284 Dolbadarn was taken by Edward I, who removed some of its timbers to build his new castle at Caernarfon. The castle was used as a manor house for some years, before falling into ruin. In the 18th and 19th centuries, it was a popular destination for painters interested in Sublime and Picturesque landscapes. It is now owned by Cadw and managed as a tourist attraction, and is protected as a grade I listed building.

1220–40
Dolbadarn Castle was built in either the 1220s or the 1230s by Llywelyn the Great, at the base of the Llanberis Pass, overlooking the lake of Llyn Padarn in northern Wales. Traditionally the Welsh princes had not constructed castles, instead using undefended palaces called llysoedd, or courts. From the late 11th century onwards, the Normans had advanced into Wales, taking lands in the north and establishing a band of occupied territory in the south called the Welsh Marches. During the 12th century, some timber and earthwork castles began to be built but in small numbers.

Llywelyn the Great initially controlled the princedom of Gwynedd, but grew more powerful throughout his reign, extending his influence over much of Wales during the early years of the 13th century. Llywelyn was faced with several challenges, including dealing with the threat from the kings of England and maintaining his authority over the native Welsh. As part of this strategy, Llywelyn built Castell y Bere, an innovative stone Welsh castle, in the 1220s. Shortly afterward he began the first phases of Dolbadarn Castle, constructing the initial stone fortifications on the site, including two square stone towers.

The location of the castle was important both because it controlled an important mountain pass, and possibly because Llywelyn claimed authority as the lord of the mountains and coasts of Wales: several of his castles appear to have been located with such political symbolism in mind. It is also possible that Llywelyn may have built his castle on top of the remains of a previous fortification constructed by Maelgwn Gwynedd, a king of Gwynedd in the 6th century, although no such remains have been found.

As part of his strategy for dealing with the Marcher Lords, Llywelyn married his eldest son, Dafydd, to Isabella, the daughter of William de Braose, a powerful lord in Brecon, Builth and Abergavenny. The Marcher Lords had adopted a style of the stone castle that included circular keeps and an integrated system of curtain walls. Following Dafydd's marriage, Llywelyn appears to have started a second phase of building at Dolbadarn, probably in the 1240s, adding these elements to the existing castle. The prince was probably aiming not only to incorporate the latest military technology but also to create a castle of equal prestige to those of his new allies in the south. Traditionally the surrounding district of Is Gwyrfai had been run from the town of Llanbeblig; after the 1240s, this role was transferred to Dolbadarn.

1240–1300
Following Llywelyn's death in 1240, Gwynedd's power declined and many of its eastern lands were taken by Henry III of England in 1247. Llywelyn's grandson, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, took power in 1255 and imprisoned his brother Owain ap Gruffudd before extending his power across Wales. Owain was eventually released in 1277 and there has been much historical debate over which castle he was held in. Hywel Foel ap Griffri wrote a famous poem describing Owain's long imprisonment in a round tower; historians believe that this refers to the keep at Dolbardarn.

The conflict between the Welsh princes and the English kings continued during the reign of Edward I. In 1282 Llywelyn fought a final campaign against Edward, ending in the prince's death near Builth that December. His brother, Dafydd ap Gruffydd, assumed power but during 1283 was forced south into Snowdonia and by May his government was based from Dolbadarn Castle. Edward deployed 7,000 troops to detain Dafydd who was finally captured and executed in October; Dolbadarn was occupied by Norman forces.

Edward was determined to prevent any further rebellion in North Wales and set about building a sequence of new castles and walled towns, replacing the old Welsh administrative system with a new principality governed from Caernarfon. Dolbadarn was no longer relevant and within two years timber from the castle was being used by the Normans for the construction of Caernarfon Castle. This was both a practical and symbolic action, demonstrating Norman power over one of the most important possessions of the Welsh princes.

14th – 21st centuries
The remaining parts of the castle continued to be used as a manor house into the 14th century. By the 18th century, however, Dolbadarn Castle was ruined and uninhabited. From the 1760s onwards, however, it became a popular topic for painters interested in the then fashionable landscape styles of the Sublime and the Picturesque. Typically the castle was painted in the middle ground, allowing the viewer's eye to contrast its ruined outline with the lakes and mountains of Snowdonia; frequently the landscape was misrepresented by the artist, to create a more striking or dramatic effect. J. M. W. Turner's 1800 work Dolbadarn Castle depicted the back-lit castle looming over the landscape and became particularly famous, but the paintings of the castle by Richard Wilson and Paul Sandby also represent important artistic works of the period.

In 1941 the castle was given to the State by Sir Michael Duff. It is now maintained by Cadw and is protected as a Grade I listed building and as a scheduled monument. In the light of Welsh devolution and other political changes, the history of Dolbadarn Castle and similar Welsh castles has become increasingly prominent. In response, Cadw noted that they intend to give increased priority to communicating the history of these castles and the Welsh princes.

Architecture

Dolbadarn Castle comprises a courtyard, surrounded by several towers and a round keep. The castle is built from purple and green slate stone, mainly constructed in a dry stone fashion without mortar, except the keep. The courtyard follows the natural shape of the hill and is protected by a curtain wall; originally perhaps 15 feet (5 m) high, it is now only at most 3 feet (1 m) high. Of the castle buildings, only the keep remains at any significant height.

The keep today is 46 feet (14 m) high and is modelled on early 13th-century English round towers built in the south of the Welsh Marches. As with other Welsh-constructed towers, the entrance is on the first story, not at ground level; it may originally have been protected by a porch. The keep had a portcullis which would have been drawn up past the window on the second story of the tower. While the castle's flooring has long since disappeared, its interior staircase to the upper story may still be climbed. This second story would have formed the main chamber in the keep and had a large fireplace and a latrine. Originally the keep would have had a parapet and battlements, since destroyed. Historian Richard Avent considers it "the finest surviving example of a Welsh round tower".

The rectangular west tower was a relatively short defensive structure, designed to protect the more vulnerable western slope of the ridge. A similar tower in the south overlooks the entrance to the castle. At the north end of the castle is the hall, stretching across the courtyard; in the east corner is an additional building, probably built by the English at the end of the 13th century. Although the hall is relatively large, 50 by 27 feet (15 by 8 m), these buildings follow a simpler design than those current in England at the time, where a combination of a hall, chamber, and a service block in castles was becoming more common.

title: Dolbadarn Castle


text: Template:Oasis

title: Template:Oasis


text:
Full slate

Any political party or faction that seeks to form a majority in a parliament or on a board of directors or other responsible body typically must run a full slate if only to demonstrate that they have the capacity to attract the talent to fill every position with some person, even if that person is not ideal for the job. Failure to do so is normally taken as a signal of a lack of confidence in the leadership of the faction or party, since it should be possible in a well-run organization to find someone willing to at least run for a job they are not fit to perform, to show solidarity.

Major political parties tend to be able to take a full slate for granted: all the positions they run for, they have some chance of winning, and the party is well-funded, and people can gain contacts and prestige from running for that party. It will likewise have even less of a problem filling its internal roles.

While a minor political party may have little trouble filling its own officer positions or Shadow Cabinet, these deploying the little power it has, it will likely have much more trouble offering candidates for every legislative position in every electoral district. The so-called "parachute candidates" who run for election in a district that is not their own home nor where they necessarily have close ties, are always a means to achieve a full slate or close to it. This demonstrates solidarity and allows people to vote for a party but is not typically understood as a serious offering for the person to take the job. It is considered to be a highly questionable practice by most who advocate electoral reform, in part to get rid of any necessity to engage in such tricks.

In some countries, states, provinces or territories, running a full slate seems to be a pre-requisite for media coverage or participation in a televised leaders' debate such as the United States presidential election debates.

In a presidential system like the United States there are other nomination rules, ballot access and media access issues but being able to run in every U.S. electoral district and "on the ballot" in every state, is certainly one of the signs of being a "major" party.

title: Full slate


text:
Talk:15 minutes

From WP:RfD:

 * 15 minutes -> 15 minutes of fame. The phrase "15 minutes" is not automatically associated with the Andy Warhol quotation; it is more often used as a time measurement. And arbitrary time measurements don't need articles. 128.61.61.27 07:07, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Since the arbitrary length of time will not need an article, this is a good entry for where the quote is paraphrased. Aliter 16:46, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Definitely. It's such a modern meme that the shorthand is nearly as popular "Your 15 minutes are up." for instance. SchmuckyTheCat 01:10, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:15 minutes


text:
Brusselpoort

The Brusselpoort (Brussels Gate) is the sole remaining city gate of the original twelve gates of Mechelen, Belgium. This imposing structure dates from the 13th century. Because of its exceptional height, towering above the other gates, it was also called the Overste Poort ("Superior Gate"). In the 16th century, the towers were lowered and the roof construction was altered to the present configuration.

In the course of the centuries, the building had many different uses: from police station to youth centre, from duty collector's office to artist's workshop (Alfred Ost). It then became a museum about the city's history containing documents and archaeological finds. The collection of the De Maan City Puppet Theater is currently stored there. The Brusselpoort is not accessible to visitors.

title: Brusselpoort


text:
File:United Live - Everyday.gif

Summary
Everyday album cover.

Licensing
Source: Hillsong Music Australia

Fair use in Everyday
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It is a low resolution copy of a CD album cover.
 * 2) It does not limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD album in any way.
 * 3) Copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist, Hillsong.

title: File:United Live - Everyday.gif


text:
Talk:Dingoes Ate My Baby (band)

Oz
As well as being a short form of Osborne, Oz is also a colloquial term for Australia (the country in which Azaria Chamberlain disappeared). Could they have chosen that character's name for that reason? Andjam 13:01, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Unlikely. Joss' naming seems pretty erratic -- he just picks a name that he thinks sounds cool. -  Che Nuevara: Join the Revolution 21:12, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

other members
Another member of the band is Devon, who appears or is mentioned in at least nine episodes: Inca Mummy Girl, Halloween, Dead Man's Party, Homecoming, Band Candy, Doppelgängland, The Harsh Light of Day, Something Blue, New Moon Rising. He dated both Cordelia Chase and Harmony Kendall. Is anyone else in the band ever mentioned by name? —Tamfang 05:45, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Seinfeld
Didn't Ellen say this line more than once? U$er 04:45, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

audible?
The band's name is seen on posters and whatnot, but is it ever mentioned in dialogue? —Tamfang 02:41, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Dingos Ate My Baby.jpg
Image:Dingos Ate My Baby.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 19:57, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Don't think it notable
Because I never heard of it. But if lots o othter people knows and heard of it, it really is notable. Wait to see how many people comment wiith posiyive or nergative. 142.157.35.58 (talk) 01:49, 20 October 2009 (UTC)

"I never heard of it" isn't a reason to mark something with the "not notable" tag. Did you miss the "Buffyverse" project info at the top of the discussion page? They have two solid references at the bottom of the page that both this the topic is notable. The "Not notable" tag should be removed. Firefight (talk) 20:03, 17 January 2010 (UTC)

Discussion of redirect formerly linking to this article
Discussion related to this topic (specifically how to reach it from the title Dingoes Ate My Baby, where it was originally) is at Talk:Dingoes ate my baby. Peter James (talk) 22:54, 27 January 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dingoes Ate My Baby (band)


text:
User:Maclyn611/Copyright

I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

title: User:Maclyn611/Copyright


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mico Sex

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 04:46, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

Mico Sex
No content article about a japanese porn film mocked by SomethingAweful.com. Less than 50 Google hits. --InShaneee 19:56, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, although I'm bordering on speedy deletion. Linuxbeak 20:47, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Article is useless. Link is hilarious (in a tasteless, disgusting sort of way), but hilarity and notability are not interchangeable concepts. -- 8^D gab 21:55, 2005 Apr 22 (UTC)
 * Delete, notability not established. Megan1967 01:49, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Article could be better. Delete unless it improves. - Longhair | Talk 12:27, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. There's no sign of this being a notable bad/weird porno movie, unlike, say, Let My Puppets Come. -- Antaeus Feldspar 15:34, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Everyday (Hillsong United album)

Everyday is the first live praise and worship album by Hillsong United. Following the success of the EP One, the album was recorded at the 1999 Hillsong Conference and released later that year. In 2000 the album was certified gold by Australian Recording Industry Association for shipment of 35000 units.

Reception
In April 2000 Tim Roberts of Cross Rhythms rated the album as 10 out of 10 and felt it provided "quality songs, first class musicianship and an exemplary live recording, but above all it draws you into the presence of God".

Track listing

 * 1) "Everyday" (Joel Houston) - 03:43
 * 2) "Jesus I Long" (Marty Sampson) - 02:45
 * 3) "On The Lord's Day" (Reuben Morgan) - 05:40
 * 4) "More" (Morgan) - 04:43
 * 5) "Heaven" (Morgan) - 04:45
 * 6) "Seeking You" (Sampson) - 04:35
 * 7) "You Take Me Higher" (Raymond Badham) - 04:05
 * 8) "Hear Our Prayer" (Tanya Riches) - 06:10
 * 9) "Prayer To The King" (Sampson) - 06:14
 * 10) "God Is Moving" (Sampson) - 07:15

title: Everyday (Hillsong United album)


text: User talk:128.239.196.238

title: User talk:128.239.196.238


text:
The Trouble with Girls (film)

The Trouble with Girls (and How to Get into It), also known as simply The Trouble with Girls, is a 1969 film directed by Peter Tewksbury and starring Elvis Presley. It was one of Presley's final acting roles, along with the same year's Change of Habit. It is based on the 1960 novel Chautauqua by Day Keene and Dwight Vincent Babcock.

Plot
In a small Iowa town in 1927, a traveling Chautauqua company arrives, with internal squabbles dividing the troupe. The new manager, Walter Hale (Elvis Presley), is trying to prevent Charlene, the troupe's "Story Lady" (Marlyn Mason), from recruiting the performers to form a union.

Meanwhile, the town has a scandal following the murder of the local pharmacist Wilby (Dabney Coleman). Although a shady gambler is arrested, Walter realizes that the real killer is Nita (Sheree North), one of Wilby's employees.

Walter successfully gets Nita to confess during a Chautauqua performance, where she makes public the sexual harassment that Wilby directed at her. Nita's self-defense plea frees the wrongly jailed man, but Charlene is outraged that Walter used the crime to financially enrich the Chautauqua, and attempts to quit.

Walter attempts to reason with Charlene, but when she refuses to give in, he deceives her and uses the local police force to be sure that she must leave on the train with the rest of the troupe.

Cast

 * Elvis Presley as Walter Hale
 * Marlyn Mason as Charlene
 * Nicole Jaffe as Betty Smith
 * Sheree North as Nita Bix
 * Edward Andrews as Johnny
 * John Carradine as Mr. Drewcolt
 * Vincent Price as Mr. Morality
 * Dabney Coleman as Harrison Wilby
 * Duke Snider as The Cranker
 * Anissa Jones as Carol Bix
 * John Rubinstein as Princeton College kid
 * Frank Welker as Rutgers College kid
 * Joyce Van Patten as The Swimmer
 * Susan Olsen as Auditioning Singer
 * Pepe Brown as Willy

Cast notes
 * Anissa Jones, best known for playing Buffy on the television program Family Affair, made her only film appearance in The Trouble with Girls.
 * Nicole Jaffe and Frank Welker went on to become regular members of the voice cast for the Hanna-Barbera Saturday morning cartoon Scooby-Doo, which debuted on CBS ten days after the release of The Trouble with Girls.

Development
In June 1959 it was announced that Don Mankiewicz would write a screenplay of an unpublished story by Mauri Grashin, Day Keene, and Dwight Babcock. By December 1960, with the project titled Chautauqua, MGM was ready to make the film with Glenn Ford. Rumours circulating in Hollywood at the time stated that Presley would co-star with Ford, Hope Lange, and Arthur O'Connell, but nothing came of it and the film was shelved.

In 1964, Dick Van Dyke had been signed up to star in a film titled Chautauqua based on a book called Morally We Roll Along by Gay MacLaren. After several years of failed screenplays and cast changes, MGM sold the rights to Columbia Pictures in May 1965. Columbia also struggled to get the project off the ground, and in April 1968 sold the rights back to MGM. This time MGM lined up Presley to star and production began in the fall of 1968. Chautauqua was the working title, but it was later changed to The Trouble with Girls when the producers worried that audiences would not understand the title or be able to pronounce it.

Filming
Elvis Presley was paid $850,000 plus 50% of the profits. Production ran from October 28 to December 18, 1968.

Colonel Tom Parker, Presley's manager, originally wanted actress Jean Hale for the female lead, but Marlyn Mason was cast at the insistence of director Peter Tewksbury. Ironically, Jean Hale's husband, Dabney Coleman, would later be cast.

The Trouble with Girls was released as the bottom half of a double feature, sharing the screen with the Raquel Welch drama Flareup.

Reception
The Trouble with Girls (and How to Get into It) performed poorly in cinemas but strongly on the drive-in circuit.

Roger Greenspun of The New York Times called it "a charming though ineptly titled comedy" with Presley performing "a reasonably developed characterization as the chautauqua company manager, and he sings very well." Variety wrote, "Elvis Presley is lost in this one. Without star’s usual assortment of 10 to 12 songs, and numbers cut down to a bare three, picture has little to offer. Title suggests a gay comedy but it’s a mass of contrived melodramatics and uninteresting performances that do not jell into anything but program fare." Margaret Harford of the Los Angeles Times wrote that the film "never makes up its mind where to go and how to get there ... The trouble with the picture is not girls; it's indecision by the writers, Arnold and Lois Peyser about whether we should laugh at the corny entertainment of 40-odd years ago, or cry over the troubles of a lonely widow who drinks too much." The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote, "The plot's rather curious blend of amateur theatricals, folksy humour and straight melodrama strains credulity even for a Presley film, and the few songs are instantly forgettable. Vincent Price makes an odd and quite appealing guest appearance as an itinerant lecturer known as Mr. Morality, but Presley himself seems uninterested in the whole affair."

Soundtrack
Entering the studio for The Trouble with Girls, Presley found himself in the position of knowing he had the goods in the can with his looming comeback television special but given that his last three singles – "You'll Never Walk Alone," "Your Time Hasn't Come Yet Baby," "A Little Less Conversation" – and the Speedway album all tanked, faced a practically dead recording career. The soundtrack contained some minor songs, its only distinctive track by Billy Strange, the producer of the session, and Mac Davis.

The recording session took place at United Artists Recorders in Hollywood, on October 23, 1968. "Clean Up Your Own Backyard" by Strange and Davis, their fourth successful submission to a Presley soundtrack in a row, was the only one released concurrently with the film's release, as the single RCA 47-9747 in 1969, peaking at #35 on the Billboard Hot 100. "Almost" would appear in 1970 on the budget album Let's Be Friends, the only other track from the film to be released during Presley's lifetime. His remake of the His Hand in Mine track "Swing Down Sweet Chariot" would not see release until 1983 on Elvis: A Legendary Performer Volume 4. The other songs would wait to be issued until RCA's soundtrack compilations of the 1990s combining released songs and outtakes from multiple films on one compact disc.

Tracks
 * 1) "Clean Up Your Own Backyard" (Billy Strange and Mac Davis)
 * 2) "Swing Down Sweet Chariot" (traditional, arranged by Elvis Presley)
 * 3) "Signs of the Zodiac" (Buddy Kaye and Ben Weisman, Duet with Marlyn Mason)
 * 4) "Almost" (Buddy Kaye and Ben Weisman)
 * 5) "The Whiffenpoof Song" (Ted Galloway, Meade Minnigerode, George Pomeroy; not used in film)
 * 6) "Violet (Flower of NYU)" (Steven Dueker and Peter Lohstroh) – The second adaptation in Presley's career of the American Civil War song "Aura Lee" from 1861, the first being the song "Love Me Tender".

Notes
 * In some versions of the soundtrack, "Doodle Doo Doo" is included, performed by Linda Sue Risk, who plays Lily-Jeanne, the mayor's daughter. In the film, the song is performed by Anissa Jones, who plays Carol Bix.
 * "Clean Up Your Own Backyard" is noted for its anachronistic nature for a film set in 1927, from its modern-style arrangement to a verse referencing the term "armchair quarterback" which did not enter general use until the advent of television some 20 years after the setting of the film.

Personnel
 * Elvis Presley – vocals
 * The Blossoms, The Mellomen – backing vocals
 * Jack Halloran, Ronald Hicklin, Marilyn Mason – backing vocals
 * Roy Caton – trumpet
 * Lew McCreary – trombone
 * Buddy Collette – clarinet
 * Gerry McGee, Joseph Gibbons, Morton Marker – electric guitar
 * Don Randi – piano
 * Max Bennett – bass
 * John Guerin, Frank Carlson – drums

Home media
The Trouble With Girls was released to DVD by Warner Home Video on August 7, 2007, as a Region 1 widescreen DVD.

title: The Trouble with Girls (film)


text: Talk:Everyday (Hillsong United album)

title: Talk:Everyday (Hillsong United album)


text: User talk:205.206.123.248

title: User talk:205.206.123.248


text: File:HMS E4.jpg

title: File:HMS E4.jpg


text:
USS Cobia

 USS Cobia (SS/AGSS-245) is a Gato-class submarine, formerly of the United States Navy, named for the cobia.

Cobia was designated a National Historic Landmark for her service in World War II, which included service in the Pacific, where she earned four battle stars. She is now a museum ship at the Wisconsin Maritime Museum in Manitowoc, Wisconsin.

Construction and commissioning
Cobia was laid down on 17 March 1943 by the Electric Boat Company at Groton, Connecticut. She was launched on 28 November 1943, sponsored by Mrs. C. W. Magruder, and commissioned on 29 March 1944, Lieutenant Commander Albert L. Becker in command.

First patrol
Cobia reached Pearl Harbor from New London 3 June 1944. On 26 June, she put to sea on her first war patrol, bound for the Bonin Islands. On 13 July, 17 July, and 18 July she sank Japanese freighters. The last, Nisshu Maru, was a troop transport carrying a Japanese tank regiment to Iwo Jima. Even though casualties were low in the 26th Tank Regiment, all of the regiment's 28 tanks went to the bottom of the sea. It would be December before 22 replacements were provided.

On 20 July Cobia sank three small armed ships in a running gun battle. One of them rammed Cobia, causing minor damage, but the submarine continued her mission, sinking a converted yacht of 500 tons on 5 August. A survivor from the yacht was rescued as Cobia's first prisoner of war.

Second and third patrols
After refitting at Majuro from 14 August to 6 September 1944, Cobia sailed into the Luzon Strait for her second war patrol, a mission frequently punctuated by attacks by Japanese aircraft. On 22 October, the sub rescued two survivors of a Japanese ship previously sunk by another American submarine. Cobia put into Fremantle for refit 5 November, and cleared that harbor on her third war patrol 30 November. Sailing into the South China Sea, she reconnoitered off Balabac Strait between 12 December and 8 January 1945, and on 14 January sank the minelayer Yurishima off the southeast coast of Malaya. Surfacing to photograph her sinking victim, Cobia was driven under by a Japanese bomber. Next day she rescued two Japanese from a raft on which they had been adrift 40 days.

Fourth patrol
Once more she refitted at Fremantle (between 24 January and 18 February), then sailed to the Java Sea for her fourth war patrol. On 26 February she engaged two "sea trucks". One of the targets resisted with machine gun fire which damaged Cobia's radar equipment and killed Ralph Clark Huston Jr., a 20 mm gun loader and the submarine's only casualty of the war. After sinking both sea trucks, Cobia interrupted her patrol for repairs at Fremantle from 4–8 March, then returned to the Java Sea, where on 8 April she rescued seven surviving crewmembers of a downed Army bomber. One of the crewmembers, Jean Vandruff, recounted the story of the rescue in his autobiography.

Fifth and sixth patrols
Cobia replenished at Subic Bay from 15 April to 9 May 1945, then put out for the Gulf of Siam and her fifth war patrol. On 14 May she attacked a cargo ship, but was driven deep by depth charges hurled by minelayer Hatsutaka. Her luck changed for the better on 8 June, when Cobia contacted a tanker convoy, and sank both a tanker and the landing craft Hakusa. She refitted once more at Fremantle between 18 June and 18 July, then sailed for her sixth and final war patrol. After landing intelligence teams along the coast of Java on 27 July, Cobia sailed to act as lifeguard during air strikes on Formosa until the end of hostilities, returning to Saipan 22 August.

Of Cobia's six war patrols, the first, third, fourth, and fifth were designated as "successful" war patrols, for which she received four battle stars. She was credited with having sunk a total of 16,835 tons of shipping.

Post-war service
Cobia sailed on for Pearl Harbor, New York, Washington, and New London, where she was decommissioned and placed in reserve 22 May 1946. Recommissioned 6 July 1951, Cobia trained reservists and Submarine School students at New London until placed in commission in reserve at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard 29 October 1953. After overhaul, she was towed to New London, where she was again placed out of commission in reserve in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet 19 March 1954.

By 1959, the Navy considered Cobia obsolete as a deployable warship and transferred her to the Milwaukee, Wisconsin Naval Reserve Center. There she served as a training platform for the next eleven years. She was redesignated an Auxiliary Submarine, AGSS-245, 1 December 1962.

On 1 July 1970, the Navy struck Cobia from the Naval Register, and she was towed to Manitowoc, Wisconsin to serve as an international memorial to submariners. In 1986, Cobia was incorporated as a part of the Wisconsin Maritime Museum, declared a National Historic Landmark, and placed on the National Register of Historic Places. Cobia is permanently docked at the Manitowoc River's mouth at Lake Michigan, where tours are given daily and overnight stays are available for groups or individuals.

Ongoing restoration, maintenance, and preservation efforts keep Cobia in remarkably good condition, with many systems operational, including two of the main diesel engines, the radio shack, and the SJ-1 radar, which is believed to be the oldest operating radar set in the world.

title: USS Cobia


text:
George II of Georgia

 * There was also a Giorgi II, Catholicos of Kartli who ruled in 826–838.

George II (გიორგი II) (c. 1050 – 1112), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a king (mepe) of Georgia from 1072 to 1089. He was a son and successor of Bagrat IV and his wife Borena of Alania. Unable to deal effectively with the constant Seljuk Turkish attacks and overwhelmed by internal problems in his kingdom, George was forced to abdicate in favor of his energetic son David IV, to whom he remained a nominal co-ruler until his death in 1112. He also held the high Byzantine titles of curopalates (c. 1060) and caesar (c. 1081).

Early reign
George's childhood coincided with the civil war between his father, Bagrat IV (r. 1027–1072), and the rebellious Georgian feudal lord Liparit, who succeeded in temporarily driving Bagrat into the Byzantine Empire, and crowned George as king at the Ruisi cathedral between 1050 and 1053, under the regency of Bagrat's sister Gurandukht. In fact, Liparit became the master of nearly half of the Georgian kingdom and the most powerful dynast in the country. By 1060, Bagrat IV had been able to secure the throne and made George his heir apparent to whom the Byzantine emperor attached the title of curopalates. In 1070, Prince George, at the head of a combined Georgian-Alan army, inflicted a decisive defeat on the Shaddadid emir of Arran, Fadl II, and ravaged his possessions at Ganja.

Seljuk invasions

George succeeded as King of Georgia upon the death of his father in 1072 and received the title of nobelissimos and later that of sebastos from the Byzantine emperor. A year later, he faced a major aristocratic revolt led by Niania Kvabulis-dze, Ivane Liparitis-dze, and Vardan of Svaneti. Although victorious, the king had to buy the rebels’ loyalty through generously awarding them additional estates. Soon, Georgia was attacked again by the Seljuks, a nomadic Turkic people, who would prove to be a major menace to George II's reign. Following the 1073 devastation of Kartli (central Georgia) by the Seljuk sultan Alp Arslan, George successfully repelled an invasion commanded by a Turkish general left by the sultan in charge of the Caucasus. The king also secured the formal return of Upper Tao/Tayk (Theme of Iberia), a frontier region which had been a bone of contention between Georgia and the Byzantine Empire early in the 11th century, by the Byzantine governor, Gregory Pakourianos, who began to evacuate the region shortly after the 1071 disaster inflicted by the Seljuks on the Byzantine army at Manzikert. On this occasion, George was bestowed with the Byzantine title of caesar, granted the fortress of Kars and put in charge of the Imperial Eastern limits. This did not help to stem the Seljuk advance, however. In 1076, the Seljuk sultan Malik Shah I surged into Georgia and reduced many settlements to ruins. Harassed by the massive Turkic influx, known in Georgian history as didi turkoba, or the Great Turkish Invasion, from 1079/80 onward, George was pressured into submitting to Malik-Shah to ensure a precious degree of peace at the price of an annual tribute. George II was even able to garner the Seljuk military support in his campaign aimed at bringing the eastern Georgian Kingdom of Kakheti, which had long resisted the Bagratid attempts of annexation, within a unified Georgian realm. However, tired with a protracted siege of the Kakhetian stronghold of Vezhini, George abandoned the campaign when snow fell, and headed for the Ajameti forests to ease his disappointment by hunting. The Seljuk auxiliaries also lifted the siege and plundered the fertile Iori Valley in Kakheti. Aghsartan I, king of Kakheti, went to the sultan to declare his submission, and in token of loyalty embraced Islam, thus winning a Seljuk protection against the aspirations of the Georgian crown.

Deposition
George II's wavering character and incompetent political decisions coupled with the Seljuk yoke brought the Kingdom of Georgia into a profound crisis which climaxed in the aftermath of a disastrous earthquake that struck Georgia in 1088. In 1089, George handed over the crown to his vigorous sixteen-year-old son David. This changeover is shrouded in mystery and is mentioned only in passing in the Georgian chronicles. All that is recorded is that George crowned his son as king with his own hands, after which he disappears from the chronicle. He was most probably forced by his nobles, in a palace coup masterminded by the powerful minister Bishop Giorgi Chkondideli, to abdicate in favor of David. George is mentioned in prayers dated to 1103 as "king of kings, and caesar of all the East and West", suggesting that he was still alive and given some titles by his reigning son, but exercised no real power.

title: George II of Georgia


text:
Talk:Bass oboe

untitled comment
The Grove entry for baritone oboe cross references to bass oboe. Dmetric 20:00, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

In its present form, I think this article risks compounding the confusion between the bass oboe and the heckelphone. E.g. Havergal Brian's "bass oboe" (in symphonies 1 & 4) was certainly meant to be the heckelphone (his writing shows an awareness of the extended range of the heck., and his musical horizons tended to be thoroughly Germanic, and in his early period Straussian in particular - he was well aware of Salome and Elektra, both of which use the heck.) I can't speak with the same authority about other composers, but as things stand Holst, Brian and Delius are all claimed by both the "bass oboe" and "heckelphone" articles. Assuming the Delius info given here is correct (I have no reason to doubt it), does anyone have anything definite on which instrument Holst and others would have intended? (Or is it the case that, as I wrote in the heck. article, "In some cases, it is possible that the composers themselves were unclear as to the distinction between the two instruments"?)

Two other issues: as I understand it, each heckelphone is produced to the individual specification of the one placing the order, so one can't generalise about the fingering being different. (Let us know if you have any different info.) Also, a contrabass oboe would be of similar range to the bassoon, not the contrabassoon. Vilcxjo 01:37, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I think the heckelphone and bass oboe entries need to be merged since the instruments are so often confused (by performers, composers, audiences, etc.); the baritone oboe in Paris in the 1830s is a different instrument than either of the two. I've taken some photos of baritone oboes (and contrabass oboes) as I find them, and there are as many differences between each one as similarities.  --Myke Cuthbert 21:31, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

 * That may be the case, but the heckelphone and the bass/baritone oboe are not in the same family. The heckelphone is not an oboe.  Badagnani 21:33, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree that there are fundamental differences that make them not the same instrument, but I think some writers have disagreed, calling the Heckelphone is a type of oboe. I think it's a problem that Wikipedia articles don't generally get titles such as "Heckelphone and Bass Oboe" which would make clear that the two are different but share much in common (especially the repertory).  Right now the Heckelphone is listed under "oboe family," in the navigation box.  Do you disagree with this categorization?  (btw--thanks for fixing the red link on my User page; I have no clue why WP is case sensitive...)  --Myke Cuthbert 22:19, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I play both oboe and heckelphone and would answer your question "yes" in some contexts and "no" in others. As with the tubax and subcontrabass saxophone, there are differences in bore that set the two apart, while for all intents and purposes the subcontrabass tubax is a sax, albeit a more manageable one. I do support having both complementary articles but think it's fine to keep heckelphone in the template as a lower version of the oboe, as that's the essential reason it was developed. Badagnani 23:03, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

FWIW, this article, which is also delightful to read by itself, dedicates a whole paragraph on fingering and states that modern Heckelphones usually have the oboe's full conservatory fingering, with older instruments having simpler layouts, lacking key linkages and e. g. splitting the f# key (upper part for bb and c, lower for f# and below), etc. -- megA (talk) 18:00, 11 November 2009 (UTC)

Etymology
The article states: "The instrument is known popularly as the "bass oboe" in the English language and "hautbois baryton" (baritone oboe) in French."

In fact, in the United States, for most of my life I've heard this instrument referred to only as the baritone oboe. It is only recently that I've heard it called a "bass oboe". This being the case, I don't think it's correct to say that it's "popularly" known as the "bass oboe". In fact, it is popularly known as the baritone oboe -- it may also be know as the "bass oboe". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.95.43.249 (talk) 21:24, 8 March 2016 (UTC)

"english horn" I've never heard in 40 years of orchestral playing. It's mostly called the Cors Anglais. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.56.26.5 (talk) 04:57, 17 July 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Bass oboe


text:
Gottorf Castle

Gottorf Castle (Schloss Gottorf, Gottorp Slot, Low German: Slott Gottorp) is a castle and estate in the city of Schleswig, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is one of the most important secular buildings in Schleswig-Holstein, and has been rebuilt and expanded several times in its over eight hundred years of history, changing from a medieval castle to a Renaissance fortress to a Baroque palace.

It is the ancestral home of the Holstein-Gottorp branch of the House of Oldenburg, from which emerged in the 18th century, among other things, four Swedish kings and several Russian Emperors. It is situated on an island in the Schlei, about 40 km from the Baltic Sea.

History
It was first settled as an estate in 1161 as the residence of Bishop Occo of Schleswig when his former residence was destroyed. The Danish Duke of Schleswig acquired it through a purchase in 1268, and in 1340 it was transferred to the Count of Holstein at Rendsburg of the House of Schauenburg. The manor later, through maternal inheritance, became the possession of Christian I of Denmark, the first Danish monarch from the House of Oldenburg, in 1459.

Both the island and the structure were extended through the years, and particularly during the 16th century. Frederick I, younger son of Christian I, made it his primary residence. In 1544 the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein were divided in three parts; Frederick's third son Adolf received one of these parts and made his residence at Gottorp. This state became known as the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp.

The estate became a European cultural centre in the reign of Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, (1597–1659). The castle was built by the famous Swedish architect Nicodemus Tessin the Younger (1697-1703).

After the ducal lineage of Gottorp were forced to move out in 1702, the palace, now occupied by the Danish, fell into disuse and disrepair in 1713 under the reign of Frederick IV of Denmark. Pieces of furniture, art and other interior were gradually moved out of the palace, and the structures were used both as Danish and Prussian barracks in the 19th century.

During World War II, the estate was used as a displaced persons camp.

Since 1947, the palace has been renovated and restored through a series of initiatives. The restoration was considered complete in 1996. The palace is now owned by a foundation of the State of Schleswig-Holstein and houses the State Art and Cultural History Museum and the State Archeological Museum.

title: Gottorf Castle


text:
Congress of Nuevo León

The Congress of the State of Nuevo León is the unicameral legislature of the government of the Mexican state of Nuevo León. Each three-year legislative term consists of 42 deputies, with 26 elected through relative majority and 16 through proportional representation.

The current legislative term, known as the LXXVI Legislature, started in 2021 and concludes in 2024 following the local elections.

History
On May 7, 1824, the Constituent Congress of Mexico officially recognized Nuevo León as a state, ordering the state to hold elections to select deputies that would serve both the Congress and Constituent Congress of Nuevo León. On July 9, 1824, 11 deputies were elected. The first legislative session started on August 1, 1824, with the goal of drafting the state's constitution, which was approved on March 5, 1825.

In March 1835, amid escalating tensions between centralists and federalists, the Federal Congress adopted a centralist constitution, which dissolved the state congresses, including the Congress of Nuevo León, replacing them with departmental boards. On November 23, 1846, a decree reinstated sovereignty to Nuevo León in accordance with the provisions outlined in the 1824 Mexican Constitution and the 1825 Nuevo León State Constitution, which led to the formal reestablishment of the Congress of Nuevo León on January 3, 1848.

In 1917, Nuevo León adopted a new state constitution establishing a two-year term for deputies, prohibiting re-election, and requiring the election of 15 deputies through first-past-the-post voting. In 1942, an amendment extended the term to three years. In 1977, reforms introduced proportional representation, facilitating the inclusion of smaller parties. The first opposition party deputy, from the National Action Party, was elected in 1979 under this new system. Prior to this, the Institutional Revolutionary Party was the only party in the legislature. In 2014, an amendment permitted the re-election of deputies for a maximum of four consecutive terms.

From 1901 until 1985, the congress convened in a designated room within the Government Palace. In May 1985, the legislative body relocated to the Legislative Palace, which presently serves as its official meeting venue.

Eligibility requirements
Article 71 of the Nuevo León Constitution establishes eligibility criteria for deputies. Each deputy must meet the following requirements: Article 71 also notes that public servants mentioned in the eligibility criteria, with the exception of the state governor and members of any election commission, may be elected as deputies if they take a leave from the office they represent at least one day before their campaign starts.
 * Be a Mexican citizen by birth, exercising civil and political rights.
 * Have reached the age of twenty-one on election day.
 * Be a resident of the state for at least five consecutive years immediately preceding the election, or six months for those born in the state.
 * Not be a religious minister.
 * Not be the head of any department or head of any decentralized entity in the state.
 * Not be a sitting governor.
 * Not be a sitting judge.
 * Not be working in any election commission.
 * Not be a federal legislator.
 * Not be a municipal president.
 * Not be in the military or a head of public security forces for six months prior to the election.

Terms
Article 68 states that a deputy serves for three-year terms, which corresponds with one legislative term, known as a Legislature. A term starts on September 1 of the election year.

Elections
Article 69 outlines that the congress must consist of 26 deputies elected through first-past-the-post voting, with each deputy representing one single-member district, and an additional 16 deputies through proportional representation. For this process, political parties present lists of candidates at the state level, and the number of seats a party receives is proportional to the overall votes it receives statewide.

Article 72 allows deputies to be re-elected for up to four consecutive terms.

title: Congress of Nuevo León


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Erika Jo

Erika Jo Vastola (née Heriges, born November 2, 1986, in Angleton, Texas), known simply by the stage name Erika Jo, is an American country music recording artist who was declared winner of the 2005 season of the Nashville Star television program. Eighteen years old at the time, Erika Jo is both the youngest person to win the competition and the first female winner. She was signed to Universal South Records in 2005 and released her self-titled debut album, which produced a chart single in "I Break Things", a No. 53 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts. A second single from the album, a cover of the Jessi Colter hit, "I'm Not Lisa", failed to chart, and she was dropped from Universal South in 2007.

Early life
Erika Jo is the daughter of Bo and Paige Heriges. Erika Jo grew up in Mount Juliet, Tennessee, 15 miles east of Nashville, and is a 2005 graduate of Wilson Central High School in Lebanon, Tennessee.

Career
Erika Jo was also a national finalist in the 1999 True Value Country Showdown (now called the Colgate Country Showdown), a talent competition consisting of regional winners from across the United States. She also competed on the singing competition Nashville Star in 2005 and won first plce.

Her first single, "I Break Things", was released immediately upon her Nashville Star victory. The music video received heavy rotation on CMT and GAC, but the song peaked at No. 53. One subsequent single ("I'm Not Lisa") was released; it failed to reach the charts. Her only professional album, Erika Jo, was released by Universal South Records on June 14, 2005 and debuted at No. 5 on Billboard's country album chart, but the album, like its first single, enjoyed very limited success after its initial launch, selling just 118,829 copies through its first 11 months in release. She was later dropped from Universal South.

Personal life
Erika Jo married Stephen Vastola in 2013. They reside in suburban Nashville.

title: Erika Jo