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Church of the East in China

The Church of the East (also known as the Nestorian Church) historically had a presence in China during two periods: first from the 7th through the 10th century in the Tang dynasty, when it was known as Jingjiao, and later during the Yuan dynasty in the 13th and 14th centuries, when it was described alongside other foreign religions like Catholicism and possibly Manichaeism as Yelikewen jiao.

After centuries of hiatus, the first Assyrian Church of the East Divine Liturgy was celebrated in China in 2010.

History
Two possibly Church of the East monks were preaching Christianity in India in the 6th century before they smuggled silkworm eggs from China to the Eastern Roman Empire.

The first recorded Christian mission to China was led by the Syriac monk known in Chinese as Alopen. Alopen's mission arrived in the Chinese capital Chang'an in 635, during the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang dynasty. Taizong extended official tolerance to the mission and invited the Christians to translate their sacred works for the imperial library. This tolerance was followed by many of Taizong's successors, allowing the Church of the East to thrive in China for over 200 years.

China became a metropolitan province of the Church of the East, under the name Beth Sinaye, in the first quarter of the 8th century. According to the 14th-century writer ʿAbdishoʿ of Nisibis, the province was established by the patriarch Sliba-zkha (714–28). Arguing from its position in the list of exterior provinces, which implied an 8th-century foundation, and on grounds of general historical probability, ʿAbdishoʿ refuted alternative claims that the province of Beth Sinaye had been founded either by the 5th-century patriarch Ahha (410–14) or the 6th-century patriarch Shila (503–23).

Church of the East worshippers in the time of Xuanzong accepted the Confucian religious beliefs of the emperor, and likely other traditional Chinese religions.

In 781 the Christian community in Chang'an erected a tablet known as the Xi'an Stele on the grounds of a local monastery. The stele contains a long inscription in Chinese with Syriac glosses, composed by the cleric Adam, probably the metropolitan of Beth Sinaye. The inscription describes the eventful progress of the Church of the East mission in China since Alopen's arrival. The inscription also mentions the archdeacons Gigoi of Khumdan [Chang'an] and Gabriel of Sarag [Lo-yang]; Yazdbuzid, 'priest and country-bishop of Khumdan'; Sargis, 'priest and country-bishop'; and the bishop Yohannan. These references confirm that the Church of the East in China had a well-developed hierarchy at the end of the 8th century, with bishops in both northern capitals, and there were probably other dioceses besides Chang'an and Lo-yang.

Nestorian Christians like the Bactrian Priest Yisi of Balkh helped the Tang dynasty general Guo Ziyi militarily crush the An Lushan rebellion, with Yisi personally acting as a military commander. Yisi and the Church of the East were rewarded by the Tang dynasty with titles and positions as described in the Xi'an Stele.

It is unlikely that there were many Christian communities in central China, and the only inland Chinese city south of the Yellow River where a Christian presence can be confirmed in the Tang dynasty is Chengdu. And two monasteries have been located in Chengdu and Omei Shan, both in Sichuan. Shortly afterwards Thomas of Marga mentions the monk David of Beth ʿAbe, who was metropolitan of Beth Sinaye during the reign of Timothy I (780–823). Timothy I is said also to have consecrated a metropolitan for Tibet (Beth Tuptaye), a province not again mentioned.

Epitaphs were found dating from the Tang dynasty of a Christian couple in Luoyang of a Church of the East Christian Sogdian woman, who Lady An (安氏) who died in 821 and her Church of the East Han Chinese husband, Hua Xian (花献) who died in 827. These Han Chinese Christian men may have married Sogdian Christian women because of a lack of Han Chinese women belonging to the Christian religion, limiting their choice of spouses among the same ethnicity. Another epitaph in Luoyang of a Nestorian Christian Sogdian woman also surnamed An was discovered and she was put in her tomb by her military officer son on 22 January, 815. This Sogdian woman's husband was surnamed He (和) and he was a Han Chinese man and the family was indicated to be multiethnic on the epitaph pillar. In Luoyang, the mixed-race sons of Nestorian Christian Sogdian women and Han Chinese men had many career paths available to them. Neither their mixed ethnicity nor their faith were barriers and they were able to become civil officials or military officers and openly profess their Christian religion and support Christian monasteries.

Decline
In 845, a decree issued by Emperor Wuzong demanded that foreign religions like Buddhism and Christianity be cast out of the kingdom. The decree required that Christians be forced to return to laity and become taxpayers. The decree had tremendously negative effects on the Christian community and later imperial decrees calling for religious toleration likely had no effect for the Christians, who were likely severely marginalized or extinct by then. By the 10th century, the number of East of the Church Christians in China declined significantly due to the persecution.

The province of Beth Sinaye is last mentioned in 987 by the Arab writer Ibn al-Nadim, who met a Church of the East monk who had recently returned from China, who informed him that 'Christianity was just extinct in China; the native Christians had perished in one way or another; the church which they had used had been destroyed; and there was only one Christian left in the land'. The collapse of the Church of the East in China coincided with the fall of the Tang dynasty, which led to a tumultuous era (the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period).

The eventual extinction of Christianity has been attributed to factors such as that the religion had a minority status and was of foreign character along with dependance on imperial support. The majority of Christians in Tang China were of foreign origin or descent (mostly from Persia and Central Asia). The religion had relatively little impact on the native Han Chinese. A decisive factor to the collapse of the Church of the East was the church's reliance on Tang imperial protection and patronage to continue to operate undisturbed. After the fall of the Tang dynasty, what was left of the church quickly vanished without such support.

Literature
Dozens of Jingjiao texts were translated from Syriac into Chinese. Only a few have survived. These are generally referred to as the Chinese Jingjiao Documents. One of the surviving texts, the Zunjing or Book of Praise (尊經), lists about 35 books that had been translated into Chinese. Among these books are some translations of the Scriptures, including the Pentateuch (牟世法王經) - Genesis is known as 渾元經, Psalms (多惠聖王經), the Gospels (阿思瞿利容經), Acts of the Apostles (傳化經) and a collection of the Pauline epistles (寳路法王經). These translations of the Scriptures have not survived. However, three non-scriptural Christian books listed in the Zunjing are among the Jingjiao manuscripts that were discovered in the early 20th century: the Sutra on the Origin of Origins, the Sutra of Ultimate and Mysterious Happiness, and the Hymn of Perfection of the Three Majesties (also called Gloria in Excelsis Deo). Two additional Jingjiao manuscripts not listed in the Zunjing have also been discovered: Sutra of Hearing the Messiah and Treatise on the One God.

Yuan dynasty
The Mongols called Church of the East Christians (or Christian priests in particular) Arka′un or Erke′un, which was later applied for Christians in general (including Roman Catholics) whereby Christianity was named in Chinese as 也里可溫教 (Yělǐkěwēn jiào). However, there is a suggestion that the term Yělǐkěwēn jiào might be used also for Míng jiào and some other religions in Jiangnan.

History

The Church of the East had significant evangelical success under the Mongol Empire. Although both the Abbasid caliphate and General Guo Ziyi fought on the Tang's side during the An Lushan Rebellion, Guo Ziyi's descendants joined the Mongol forces; his direct descendant Guo Kan was instrumental in the Mongol Siege of Baghdad (1258)  and the destruction of the Abbasid caliphate which saw the execution of the last Abbasid caliph and the slaughter of 800,000-2,000,000 Arab Muslim civilians in Baghdad, with only the Nestorian Assyrian Christians being spared.

The rise of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty in the 13th century allowed the church to return to China, and rise to a greater status than it had ever had before. However, this was primarily among foreigners. By the end of the century, two new metropolitan provinces had been created for China: Tangut and 'Katai and Ong'.

The province of Tangut covered northwestern China, and its metropolitan seems to have sat at Almaliq. The province evidently had several dioceses, even though they cannot now be localised, as the metropolitan Shemon Bar Qaligh of Tangut was arrested by the patriarch Denha I shortly before his death in 1281 'together with a number of his bishops'.

The province of Katai (Cathay) and Ong, which seems to have replaced the old Tang dynasty province of Beth Sinaye, covered northern China and the country of the Christian Ongut tribe around the great bend of the Yellow River. The metropolitans of Katai and Ong probably sat at the Yuan capital Khanbaliq. The patriarch Yahballaha III grew up in a monastery in northern China in the 1270s, and the metropolitans Giwargis and Nestoris are mentioned in his biography. Yahballaha himself was consecrated metropolitan of Katai and Ong by the patriarch Denha I shortly before his death in 1281.

During the first half of the 14th century there were Church of the East Christian communities in many cities in China, and the province of Katai and Ong probably had several suffragan dioceses. In 1253 William of Rubruck mentioned a Church of the East bishop in the town of 'Segin' (Xijing, modern Datong in Shanxi province). The tomb of a Church of the East bishop named Shlemun, who died in 1313, has recently been discovered at Quanzhou in Fujian province. Shlemun's epitaph described him as 'administrator of the Christians and Manicheans of Manzi (south China)'. Marco Polo had earlier reported the existence of a Manichean community in Fujian, at first thought to be Christian, and it is not surprising to find this small religious minority represented officially by a Christian bishop.

The relationship between the Catholic Franciscan missionaries and the Church of the East Christians were strained and often in conflict. The Catholics viewed the Church of the East Christians as heretics and rivals while the Church of the East Christians viewed them as political rivals. Roman Catholicism in China was expanded at the expense of the Church of the East during the Yuan dynasty, with some converting to Catholicism.

Decline
The Church of the East declined in China substantially in the mid-14th century. Several contemporaries, including the papal envoy John of Marignolli, mention the murder of the Latin bishop Richard and six of his companions in 1339 or 1340 by a Muslim mob in Almaliq, the chief city of Tangut, and the forcible conversion of the city's Christians to Islam. The last tombstones in two East Syriac cemeteries discovered in modern-day Mongolia around the end of the 19th century date from 1342, and several commemorate deaths during a plague in 1338. In China, the last references to East Syriac and Latin Christians date from the 1350s, and it is likely that all foreign Christians were expelled from China soon after the collapse of the Yuan dynasty and the rise of the Ming dynasty in 1368.

Reasons often cited for the rapid decline and disappearance of Church of the East after the fall of the Yuan dynasty include the foreign character of the religion and its adherents, comprising mainly a Central Asian and Turkic-speaking immigrant community. There was also a paucity of native Han Chinese converts, a lack of Chinese translations of the Bible, and a heavy political reliance on patronage by the Yuan imperial court. In consequence of these factors, once the Yuan dynasty fell, the Church of the East in China quickly became marginalized and soon vanished, leaving little trace of its existence.

Modern China (20th century-present)
In 1998, the Assyrian Church of the East sent then-Bishop Mar Gewargis to China. A later visit to Hong Kong led the Assyrian Church to state that: "after 600 years, the Eucharistic Liturgy, according to the anaphora of Mar Addai & Mari was celebrated at the Lutheran Theological Seminary chapel on Wednesday evening, October 6, 2010." This visit was followed up two years later at the invitation of the Jǐngjiào Fellowship with Mar Awa Royel accompanied by Reverend and Deacon, arriving in Xi'an, China in October 2012. On Saturday October 27, the Holy Eucharist in the Aramaic language was celebrated by Mar Awa, assisted by Fr. Genard and Deacon Allen in one of the churches in the city.

title: Church of the East in China


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Talk:Church of the East in China

Mandarin
The claim that the Nestorian Stele is "written in both Mandarin and Syriac" appears to be false, it would be odd for a text from this period to be written in "Mandarin". The text of the stele appears to be in Classical Chinese, confirmed by the Chinese Wikisource of the stele text.

Someone should really fix the page so it doesn't look like a giant wall 'o text. Just sayin'...
 * Done.--Danaman5 16:39, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

Nestorians = Hebrews or Assyrians?
"The Nestorians were largely of Hebrew extraction, tracing their lineage to those who did not return to Palestine following the Assyrian and Babylonian captivities. During the early centuries of Christian expansion, they considered the message of Jesus a fulfillment of their Jewish faith. Eventually, the Nestorians intermarried with other Syriac-speaking peoples east of the Euphrates and spread their faith throughout Turkestan, Mongolia, China and Japan." can someone please find a credible source for this... —Preceding unsigned comment added by Malik Danno (talk • contribs) 04:21, 27 November 2007 (UTC)

Copyright problem
Following on an OTRS complaint of copyright infringement in another article by a contributor who greatly expanded this article, it has been discovered that this article has been edited to include a liberal copy of at least one print source: }. These are the edits in question. Examples include:
 *
 *
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While the article has evolved since then, it still contains extensive content from those edits which will need to be removed or rewritten. The article has been listed at the copyright problems board to permit interested contributors an opportunity to rewrite the article to remove all content placed by this contributor or content that is modified from his contribution (as this will be a significant risk of constituting derivative work). It will be visited by an administrator after about a week. At that time, if no rewrite has been proposed, the section may be deleted or stubbed.

This is unfortunate, but our policies do not permit us to host content that has been previously published elsewhere unless we are able to verify that this content is public domain or compatibly licensed. This contributor has copied from multiple books, and there is no evidence at all that he did so with authorization. If this evidence is supplied, of course, the content can and will be restored. Given that in the first case the author protested, this may be unlikely.

See the contributor copyright investigation for more information and additional articles that are or may be affected. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 15:34, 17 March 2012 (UTC)

Better...
Nope. Nestorian has the advantages of being shorter, less pompous, historically used, and perfectly accurate. To the extent people know about this church, it's by that name and there's nothing wrong with it either, the way there actually is with labeling the Ethiopians Monophysites. Read the relevant articles, which point out it's an issue of preference.

In any case, if you're restoring the archaic "Assyrian" or trying to make "Church of the East" sound like it's proper instead of advertizing, kindly don't use unsourced, incorrect, and peacocking language like what we had just now. — Llywelyn II   18:42, 22 November 2013 (UTC)

 * You're not incorrect, but your edits introduced problems of their own: bolding blue links (twice) and adding two links to the same article. There's nothing wrong with saying "Nestorian Church", though it does bother some modern followers, but by the same token there's nothing at all wrong with "Church of the East". It's a widely used scholarly convention, for instance in David Wilmshurst's The Martyred Church – A History of the Church of the East. It's also where the main article is located, after substantial discussion. The article needs a lot of work; I'll take a stab at it as I have time.--Cúchullain t/ c 20:38, 22 November 2013 (UTC)

Material copied and adapted
I've replaced the former unsourced article with material copied and adapted from [[Dioceses of the Church of the East to 1318, Dioceses of the Church of the East to 1318, and Dioceses of the Church of the East, 1318–1552. I've also added a bit more from sources I can access. Perhaps User:Djwilms could have a look at it to make sure I haven't incorrectly represented anything. At any rate it's a good start.--Cúchullain t/ c 22:24, 22 November 2013 (UTC)

About the Jingjiao manuscripts
Last year, I came across this Wikipedia page which, at the time, had an inaccurate description of the Jingjiao (Chinese Nestorian) manuscripts, claiming that dozens of the manuscripts had survived (actually, only a handful have survived). The inaccurate description had been copied by numerous other websites. I made a decision to return to this Wikipedia page someday to make corrections to its description of the manuscripts. But when I returned this month, I found that the entire paragraph on the Jingjiao manuscripts had been deleted. I considered giving up the idea of writing an improved description of the Jingjiao manuscripts, but I have decided that I should go ahead and do so. Since the deleted paragraph was the source of several other websites’ inaccurate description of the Jingjiao manuscripts, I would like to put an improved description of the manuscripts in place on this Wikipedia page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by JingjiaoFan (talk • contribs) 12:36, 15 May 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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To add to article
Shouldn't we add this basic information to this article?

 * Some modern scholars question whether Nestorianism is the proper term for the Christianity that was practiced in China, since it did not adhere to what was preached by Nestorius. They instead prefer to refer to it as "Church of the East," a term that encompasses the various forms of early Christianity in Asia. 76.190.213.189 (talk) 03:26, 2 January 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Church of the East in China


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Andrew Rutherford, 1st Earl of Teviot

Andrew Rutherford, 1st Earl of Teviot (died 4 May 1664; sometimes spelt "Rutherfurd") was a Scottish soldier.

Early life
Andrew was the fifth and youngest son of a merchant burgess of Edinburgh—William Rutherfurd (died 1624) of Wrightslands and of Easter and Wester Quarrelholes in Restalrig—and his wife Isobel (married 1608), daughter of James Stewart of Traquair. He received his education at Edinburgh University, and later took up a career in the military in France.

Career
During the Commonwealth (or, to monarchists, the Interregnum), Rutherford served the French government, which maintained regiments of Scottish soldiers throughout the Thirty Years's War. On the restoration of Charles II, Rutherford was taken into employment by his own king on the recommendation of Louis XIV of France. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, he became a lieutenant general in France and had a high reputation for personal courage; however, the Dictionary of National Biography states that he "never rose beyond the rank of colonel in French service, and was certainly not promoted to the prestigious rank of lieutenant général."

Rutherford returned to Scotland in 1660. In 1661 Charles II gave him the Scottish title of Lord Rutherfurd and the governorship of Dunkirk, which had been acquired by the Protector Oliver Cromwell. When Charles II sold the town to France in 1662 Rutherford was consoled by the command of the Colony of Tangier and the Tangier Regiment, and was made Earl of Teviot.

He was sent in 1663 as governor to Tangier. His tenure of office was very short, for on 4 May 1664 he was trapped at the Battle of Tangier in an ambush by the Moors, who had been carrying out incessant irregular warfare against the English garrison, and was killed, together with nineteen officers and nearly five hundred men of the garrison.

Personal life
On 18 April 1651, Rutherfurd was married to Susanna de Melville at Migueri in the Châtelain of Bois Commune in France.

By his death without lawful male issue the earldom of Teviot became extinct; but on 23 December 1663 he had executed at Portsmouth a general settlement of his estates and dignities to his cousin Sir Thomas Rutherford of Hunthill, who on 16 December 1665 was served heir in his title of Lord Rutherford and also in his lands.

Legacy
In his will he donated funds to his former university in Edinburgh, for the construction of eight chambers, and gave directions that a Latin inscription which he had composed should be placed upon the building.

title: Andrew Rutherford, 1st Earl of Teviot


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Kirby Company

Kirby Opco, LLC, doing business as The Kirby Company (stylized as KIRBY), is a manufacturer of vacuum cleaners, home cleaning products and accessories, located in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. It is a division of Right Lane Industries. Dealers, sales reps, service centers, and distributors are located in over 50 countries. Kirby Vacuums are sold via door-to-door or though arranged-scheduled in-home demonstrations via their website and the company is a member of the Direct Selling Association, the Kirby website can also take vacuum cleaner orders and ship directly to the customer as well, without having to arrange for a scheduled an in-home demonstration. All Kirby Vacuum Cleaners are built in both Edgewater, Cleveland, Ohio and Andrews, Texas, United States.

History
Jim Kirby (1884–1971) designed the first Kirby vacuums for George Scott and Carl Fetzer after World War I, although the Kirby name was not used on a vacuum cleaner until the 1930s. James Kirby invented the "vacuette" circa 1919. The company's primary competitors included The Hoover Company and The Eureka Company, both of which began operations in 1909, as well as Bissell that started building carpet sweepers in 1876. Their primary European competitor was Electrolux, which started 1924. Dyson, Miele and Sebo followed in the 1980s, and Shark began in the 1990s.

Introduced in 1916, the Edgewater, Ohio factory was opened by the Scott & Fetzer Company at Locust Ave. (now Franklin Blvd.) and W. 114th St., and the Vacuette Electric was introduced. It featured a removable floor nozzle and handle and became the forerunner of current multi-attachment Kirby vacuum models. The Vacuette was briefly offered as a manual vacuum cleaner, utilizing a spring-loaded worm gear driven by pulling the vacuum cleaner backwards; when pushing the machine forward, the worm gear would power a turbine that provided suction (in the late 1980s the Vacuette name was resurrected and used on a corded handheld vacuum called Vacuette Handvac, which in design closely resembled royal's iconic Dirt Devil corded handheld vacuum but featured a built-in headlight). As long as the cleaner was consistently pulled backwards, tension in the spring would remain constant and the turbine would continue spinning. It was designed for rural areas that did not have electricity and was very similar to the carpet sweeper. In 1935, the company introduced the Kirby Model C, the first product to carry Jim Kirby's name.

One of the key features is the amount of suction the motor generates. Beginning in the 1950s, owner's manuals listed an innovation the company called "Triple-Cushion Vibration" rug cleaning action. The current Avalir 2 has been given an airflow rating of 132 Cubic feet per minute, which allows it to lift the carpet off the floor, flexing the surface to be cleaned, whereby the brush roll that spins at 3,200 RPM agitates and lifts the dirt, while grooming the carpet fibers from the base of the carpet. The owners manual recommend that the carpet nozzle be lowered close enough to the surface so as to maintain a secure suction and minimize breaking the suction while cleaning the carpet. Another feature of the Kirby system is the modular design of both vacuum and accessories, allowing machines to be configured for numerous uses, from normal floor cleaning, tile surface scrubbing, wet floor mopping, to furniture shampooing and as a compact, handheld vacuum with extension hose attachments for various cleaning chores. This versatility also provides for add-on sales or bundling of the complete system.

Starting in the late 1940s the carpet cleaning floor nozzle with the brush roller could be removed, and the 1948 owners manual for the Model 508 called it the "Triple-Cushion Vibrator", which was powered by a removable rubber belt that was in contact with a metal shaft extending from the vacuum turbine blades, powered by the electric motor, and reattached to a brush used to polish floors, or an extended plastic hose that could accommodate a furniture dusting attachment. The Model 508 was also the first to offer a simple device on the front of the carpet nozzle called the "Belt Lifter" which was a metal lifter that easily removed the rubber drive belt and allowed other attachments to be installed on the drive unit. To accommodate cleaning rugs of a delicate nature, the "Belt Lifter" could disengage the rubber drive belt, allowing just suction to clean the surface which is still offered on all machines.

These attachments are still offered and the floor buffer was updated in the mid-1960s with a dry foam carpet shampoo attachment Kirby called the "Rug Renovator" that was first introduced with the two speed motor on the Dual Sanitronic 50 and is also still available. The carpet shampoo cleaning solution is in a clear tank that attaches to the motor exhaust where the dirt collection bag is attached as a vacuum cleaner, and uses compressed air generated by the electric motor. A plastic tube then sends the shampoo to the carpet scrubber brush that agitates the surface to be cleaned.

Kirby has remained with its original design, materials and functionality with enhancements added to aid in its operation and durability, and uses the "dirty-air" vacuum design. The company changes the appearance of the cleaner with revised color schemes and introduces new models with a similar core design. The attachments and appearance items are interchangeable between generations and some machines consist of parts from multiple models. Machines built in the 1930s, 40s, 50s and 60s are in operation worldwide and can be repaired or rebuilt with factory original parts.

All models used a cloth bag that allowed airflow to pass through and clean the air exiting the machine. Earlier versions of the cloth bag used dense duvetyne, and later corduroy cotton and wool fabric bags where fine grit, dander and other foreign contaminants collected. The cotton bag briefly had an integrated cleaning pocket within, called the "Sani-Pocket" introduced in 1964 with the Sanitronic, where embedded dirt could be dislodged from the interior surface of the bag while keeping the dirt contained inside. The owners manual for the cloth bag equipped machines recommended that the cloth bag be emptied after cleaning had been finished, to avoid dirt, fungus and bacteria from setting in the fibers of the bag, and preparing the machine for the next time.

Starting with the Tradition model, an internal, disposable paper bag was introduced in addition to the cotton cloth bag. The disposable paper bag provided a protective barrier against the interior surface of the cloth bag and offered the convenience of storing the cleaner when finished, and not requiring that the bag be emptied every time. With the introduction of the Generation 3 model in 1990, a HEPA certified dirt containment filter bag, labeled as "Micron Magic" which minimizes dust being expelled into the air from the machine. Beginning with the Generation 3, all Kirby's are installed with a self-propelled transmission, called "Tech Drive Power Assist", which is engaged with a lever at the bottom next to the foot operated power switch.

In the 1930s and the 1940s, Kirby started to offer their products in retail environments, and introduced the "R" series. They are identical to their "C" series, with differences being the power switch installed on the handle. The first model was the R, followed by the 2R, 3R and 4R. In 1970, input from Kirby distributors, dealers, management and customers guided Kirby engineers in developing the second-generation models, introduced as the Kirby Classic. This gave the opportunity to expand its manufacturing facilities outside of Cleveland. This coincided with the rising popularity of wall-to-wall custom installed carpet. In 1972, after Kirby Company founder Jim Kirby's death the previous year (1971), Kirby West began operations in Andrews, Texas at 1345 NW 101 Street (also known as North Seminole Highway), which doubled the company's manufacturing capacity. The company maintained a presence in Canada, located at 1009 Burns Street East in Whitby, which is no longer staffed, and briefly in the 1920s as Vacuette's, Ltd in the Miller Building at 48 York Street in Toronto.

Since the mid to late 1980's, the Kirby Company has hosted a world convention every few years called "Kirby World", usually held in Nashville, Tennessee, bringing together from all over the world, dealers, sales representatives, and distributors. Over a three–day period, speeches & lectures given by Kirby company executives and other keynote speakers, musical numbers by a professional dance group, along with actors highlighting the company's success and other topics showcasing the importance of maintaining customer loyalty and satisfaction, the newest model Kirby vacuum is unveiled, along with new Kirby home cleaning products and accessories along with demonstrations of those items (in other convention rooms). Sales awards and bonuses were also given out to Dealers and distributors for their best overall sales from the previous year through the "Kirby opportunity" and "Road to success" programs. In the months to follow, VHS tape and DVD box sets of that years "Kirby World" convention were later sent out to Dealers and distributors to help aide in training of new sales representatives. These convention video box sets (VHS or DVD.) are hard to find as these were never made available to the general public; however, some have surfaced every now and then on auction sites such as eBay.

Berkshire Hathaway bought Kirby's parent Scott Fetzer in 1986 for $315 million. Two years prior, Ivan Boesky had offered to buy Scott Fetzer for $60 a share, or $420 million. Warren Buffett has singled out Scott Fetzer to Berkshire's shareholders as the "prototype" for the "kind of company — and acquisition — he was interested in." According to Berkshire managers, "absolutely no changes were made to the existing Scott Fetzer business or management, and the entire business (and its jet) was preserved."

As of 2003, Kirby was the largest source of revenue and profit for Scott Fetzer, with approximately 500,000 sales per year, about a third of which are outside the United States. In 2003, Scott Fetzer sold the vacuums to about 835 factory distributors, who in turn sell the vacuums door-to-door. As an incentive to new customers, Kirby offers the Service Center Vacuum Rebuild Program for original owners who have been registered with the company. As long as the customer owns the machine as the registered owner, if the cleaner needs repair, they can send it back to the Rebuild Department and have it restored to "like-new" condition. The company will completely disassemble it, repair or replace any worn Kirby parts, and sandblast, polish and buff metal parts back to a shiny "new" appearance. Internal components are also thoroughly inspected and repaired with Kirby replacement parts so that it will perform as originally designed.

In 2021, Berkshire Hathaway sold Kirby to the Chicago, Illinois based Right Lane Industries, ending its nearly century long history with Scott Fetzer.

Models

 * Vac-U-Ette Suction Sweeper 1918
 * The Vac-U-Ette Suction Sweeper Model B/M (1919–1921)
 * Vac-U-Ette Model C (1921–1922)
 * Improved Vac-U-Ette Model C
 * Vac-U-Ette Special (1925)
 * The "New" Vac-U-Ette (1925–1930)
 * The Wireless Vac-U-Ette (1925–1930)
 * The Vac-U-Ette Electric Model E.L/E.L J (1925–1928)
 * Aer Rotor (1928)
 * Scott Fetzer Sanitation System Model E.L/E.L J (1928)
 * Scott Fetzer Sanitation System "Sani-Em-Tor" Model (1929–1934)
 * Vacuette Electric model J "Sani-Em-Tor" Model (1935)
 * Kirby Model C/R (1934–1937)
 * Kirby Model 2C/2R (1937–1939)
 * Kirby Model 3C/3R (1939–1940)
 * Kirby Model 4C/4R (1940–1941)
 * Kirby Model 505 (1945–1948)
 * Kirby Model 508 (1948–1949)
 * Kirby Model 509 (1949–1950)
 * Kirby Model 510 (1950–1951)
 * Kirby Model 511 (1951–1952)
 * Kirby Model 512 (1952–1953)
 * Kirby Model 513 (1953–1954)
 * Kirby Model 514 (1954–1955)
 * Kirby Model 515 (1955–1956)
 * Kirby Model 516 (1956–1957)
 * Kirby Model 517 (1957–1958)
 * Kirby Model 518 (1958–1959)
 * Kirby Model 519 (1959–1960)
 * Kirby Model 560 (1960–1961)
 * Kirby Model 561 (1961–1962)
 * Kirby Model 562 Sanitronic (1962–1963)
 * Kirby Sanitronic VII (1963–1965)
 * Kirby Dual Sanitronic 50 (1965–1967)
 * Kirby Dual Sanitronic 80 (1967–1969)
 * Kirby Classic 1CR (1969–1973)
 * Kirby Classic Omega 1CB (1973–1976)
 * Kirby Classic III 2CB (1976–1979)
 * Kirby Tradition 3CB (1979–1981)
 * Kirby Heritage 1HD (1981–1984)
 * Kirby Heritage 84 1HD (1984)
 * Kirby Heritage II 2HD (1984–1987)
 * Kirby Heritage II Legend 2HD (1987–1989)
 * Kirby Legend II 2HD (1989–1991)
 * Kirby Generation 3 (1990–1993)
 * Kirby G4 (1993–1997)
 * Kirby G4 80th Anniversary Edition (1994)
 * Kirby G5 (1997–1999)
 * Kirby Gsix (1999–2002)
 * Kirby Gsix 2000 Limited Edition (2000)
 * Kirby Gsix 2001 Limited Edition (2001)
 * Kirby Ultimate G (2002–2003)
 * Kirby Ultimate G Diamond Edition (2003–2006)
 * Kirby Sentria (2006–2012)
 * Kirby Sentria II (2012–2014)
 * Kirby Avalir 100th Anniversary Edition (2014–2015)
 * Kirby Avalir (2014–2018)
 * Kirby Avalir 2017 Edition (2017)
 * Kirby Avalir 2 (2018–2024)
 * Kirby Avalir Platinum (2024–present)

Commercial and miscellaneous

 * Vac-U-Ette Utility Handvac (1925–1934)
 * Kirby Utility Handvac Model H (1934–1936)
 * American Lincoln Super Sweep (1972–1978)
 * Super Vac 180 (1978–1982)
 * Kirby ComVac 1300 (1982–1984)
 * Kirby ComVac 1600 (1982–1984)
 * Kirby ComVac 2200 (1982–1982)
 * Kirby ComVac 2400 (1982–1982)
 * Kirby ComVac 2600 (1982–1982)
 * Kirby ComVac 2800 (1982–1982)
 * Kirby Split Second (1984–1987)
 * Kirby Split Second 2 (1987–2015)
 * Kirby Vac-U-Ette Handvac (1989–2010)
 * Kirby Split Second 3 (2015–present)

Legacy sales
A major facelift was done to the Kirby line with the Generation 3 series in 1990, with G3 and later models maintaining a traditional form, but with a modern look and tech-drive transmission. Internal improvements between models have continued (such as HEPA filtration, beginning with the Gsix in 1999), but outward changes throughout the entire Kirby production have been mostly in color scheme or minor detail.

Pricing of new, used and older Kirby vacuum models sold online or by secondhand thrift stores can vary widely based on overall condition and what number parts; attachments & accessories are included with it in the sale. A number of companies and secondhand dealers also offer refurbished Kirby vacuums.

Criticism of marketing and sales practices
The practices of some of Kirby's independent distributors have been subject to criticism. The Kirby is included by Lon L. Fuller and Melvin A. Eisenberg, professors of Contract Law at Harvard Law School and UC Berkeley School of Law/Columbia Law School, as a textbook example of unconscionability. Kirby has been subject to relentless criticism by consumer protection agencies. As of 1999, of the 22 state consumer protection agencies, 15 had received a total of more than 600 complaints in just a few years. Between 1996 and 1999, the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection received 50 complaints regarding Kirby dealers, and concluded from its investigation that Kirby, through its distributors, engaged in a "statewide pattern of trade practices" violation of state consumer-protection laws.

The Wall Street Journal records examples where an elderly couple was unable to remove three Kirby salesmen from their home for over five hours; in another example, a disabled woman who had been living alone in a mobile home on $1000/month in Social Security payments and suffering from Alzheimer's disease was discovered to own two Kirby vacuum cleaners, having paid $1,700 for the second one. In 2002, the Florida Agriculture and Consumer Services Commissioner obtained $13,000 in refunds for 13 senior citizens.

According to the Wall Street Journal, the device "costs more than four times what other top-of-the-line vacuum cleaners do." Kirby compares the price difference to that between luxury and economy cars, yet "luxury-car dealers don't make house calls in trailer parks. But Kirby dealers do." The Kirby vacuum cleaner is "marketed exclusively door-to-door — often to people who cannot afford a $1,500 gadget, but succumb to the sales pitch nonetheless."

In 2001, the West Virginia Attorney General obtained more than $26,000 in refunds and credits for dissatisfied Kirby buyers. In 2002, ABC's Primetime conducted a hidden-camera investigation in response to more than a thousand complaints regarding Kirby's salespeople. In June 2004, the Arizona Attorney General filed suit against Kirby distributors for violations of the Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act, seeking an injunction against any other home sales. Public authorities flooded with complaints about Kirby vacuum cleaners is not a recent phenomenon; even in the 1960s and 1970s, Kirby had been "cited by various agencies a number of times" and the Detroit Better Business Bureau had received so many complaints that it decided to turn the matter over to the Wayne County prosecutor.

Kirby asserts it is not liable for the actions of its sales force, whom it describes as independent contractors. Its "Distributor Code of Ethics" enumerates 12 principles, including "observe the highest standards of character, honesty and integrity in dealings with my customers, fellow Distributors and other members of the Kirby profession." Kirby also asserts that it teaches its distributors direct-sales laws, and that it requires them to resolve complaints within 24 hours under threat of termination.

Litigation
Between 1998 and 2001, in Alabama alone, more than 100 lawsuits were filed against Kirby and its affiliates and subsidiaries, resulting in nearly $2 million in judgements and settlements.

Twelve distributors of Kirby vacuums in Massachusetts were cited for violations of the Commonwealth's wage and hour laws by the Massachusetts Attorney General's Office in July 2010. The 12 distributors were cited for a variety of different wage and hour violations including nonpayment of wage, nonpayment of minimum wage, misclassification, child labor, retaliation and record-keeping violations. The distributors were fined a total of $199,300 for the violations and also ordered to pay restitution.

Sexual assault
The Supreme Court of Texas held Kirby liable for a rape committed by one of its door-to-door salesmen, finding that the manufacturer maintained control of its distributors and their salespeople, by requiring its distributors to make sales via in-home visits, and that the risk was foreseeable. In that case, the court found that, had the employee's references been checked, Kirby would have discovered complaints of inappropriate sexual behavior at his previous employer and an arrest and deferred adjudication for indecency with a child.

The North Dakota Supreme Court also held Kirby liable in a similar rape incident, where the salesman was hired after being convicted of assault and with charges of criminal sexual misconduct in the third degree pending against him.

Fraud and RICO
A federal class-action lawsuit is pending against Kirby under the civil action provisions of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), for allegedly selling used vacuums as new; the complaint alleges that "Not only is Kirby aware of this practice, it 'participates in the scheme by, among other things, selling to its distributors duplicate or replacement "Original Purchaser's Registration" cards to be given to secondhand purchasers.'" The complaint also alleges that "Kirby commonly sells distributors new empty boxes and packaging material for the obvious purpose of repackaging units that the distributor previously sold to a prior customer." Kirby's motion to dismiss was rejected. After Kirby refused discovery requests for its sales contracts and other documents, Judge Clay D. Land compelled Kirby to disclose the requested documents.

A class-action lawsuit was also filed against Kirby in Bullock County Court in Alabama over its sales practices, specifically its use of credit cards issued expressly to fund Kirby purchases, under Truth in Lending laws. Kirby succeeded in persuading a trial judge to recuse himself.

Actions against unauthorized dealers
Kirby has sued unauthorized Kirby vacuum dealers for United States trademark infringement where the vacuums are identified by the Kirby name and logo. The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit has held that such use does not constitute trademark infringement. The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit vacated an injunction granted in Kirby's favor by a lower court in that Circuit based on similar trademark claims against an unauthorized distributor.

Kirby also did not prevail in a similar action against an unauthorized dealer in Minnesota, where it asserted trademark infringement, false and unfair competition, and trade disparagement; the authorized dealer prevailed on a $90,000 counterclaim against Kirby for defamation and then in a suit against an insurer who refused to defend the suit when the dealer refused Kirby's settlement offer. Kirby's parent lost another such suit in Minnesota based on trademark infringement and other related state law claims.

Nor did Kirby prevail in a tortious interference with contractual relations claim in Washington against an unauthorized retailer; the Washington Supreme Court awarded attorney's fees to the retailer. However, Kirby has prevailed in cases where unauthorized retailers went farther than using the name and logo to identify the vacuum cleaner, misrepresenting themselves as the manufacturer and claiming the existence of factory warranty.

title: Kirby Company


text: Category:Weapon designers

title: Category:Weapon designers


text:
User:CKlunck

My stuff and things

Just a quick "stub" so there's at least something here.

I tend to spend most of my Wiki-time copyediting existing articles; I guess I'm less of an architect/construction worker and more of a plumber/gardener.

If you are here because I made an edit you disagree with, understand I did so with the best interest of the article in mind. The Wikipedia philosophy of being bold with changes is one I take to heart. Feel free to post something on my talk page if you'd like to state your opinion. Please don't revert the change out of spite.

Articles that describe my interests:  Volleyball Libertarianism PHP (Hypertext Pre-Processor) LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) Many disciplines of biology, such as genetics and microbiology

title: User:CKlunck


text:
User:Burgundavia/temp

Burgundavia (✈ take a flight?) 01:59, May 9, 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Burgundavia/temp


text: Category:Transport in Northern Ireland

title: Category:Transport in Northern Ireland


text:
User:Bratsche/sig

Bratsche talk random

title: User:Bratsche/sig


text:
Statolith

Statolith may refer to:

 * A structure in the statocyst, which allows certain invertebrates to sense gravity and balance
 * A structure in the statocyte, cells which allow plants to sense gravity

title: Statolith


text:
Oh My Gods!

Oh My Gods! is a webcomic written and illustrated by Shivian Montar Balaris. It deals with the Neopagan, Pagan, and Wiccan faiths. The interaction of followers of these faiths with Christian fundamentalists and followers of other religions is the main concern of the story.

It debuted on 7 March 2002. The strip initially featured four main cartoon characters whose outlook on life was stereotypical: Stan the gay man, Vera the bull-dyke, Winston the nerd, and Victor the moron. These four have since outgrown their initial "cookie cutter" molds and taken on lives of their own. The cast has since expanded to include additional characters such as Fundie, Kay, and Reiki Master.

Within the strip all characters are assumed to be Pagan, unless labelled otherwise by crosses on their shirts. The main characters often comment on bad Pagans and on the opposition they receive from fundamentalists. Despite the strip's frequent references to Pagan and Wiccan sub-culture, it has a substantial Christian following as well as a Neopagan audience, and even among Unitarian Universalists.

Many strips are the result of viewer suggestion, and Oh My Gods! as a whole often reflects the personal experiences of the artist. Some criticized the comic for its comments on Hinduism.

The last official strip was posted on 17 March 2009. The following year, a strip entitled "Finale" was posted along with a note from the creator indicating that he had decided to cease creating the Oh My Gods! comic.

Special strips
In addition to the normal strips Oh My Gods! also features simple reverse font slogans which are supposed to resemble religious bumper stickers and special remembrances of the deaths of Shivian Balaris's father and Pope John Paul II, and the September 11, 2001 attacks. The first anniversary strip was in the form of a short movie.

Characteristic features
Characters have died in the course of the story and remained so, in a departure from the convention of comic strip comedy. Elements of fantasy (fairies, boob-vampires, etc.) take the story into the realms of the surreal, though it keeps a thread of realism. This fantastic aspect is embellished by the appearance of such characters as the Pope, a Clown for Christ, and Unitarian Universalists who are depicted as Borg.

Oh My Gods! has a characteristic "preschool" like drawing style, with characters only having eyes, one perspective, and no fingers. The drawing style is based loosely on a popular webcomic - Little Gamers, et al. In the 8 March 2002 comic, Shivian acknowledges this by doing what the characters themselves say is "a blatant ripoff". Die-hard fans will also make what they call "Ohmygodsifications" of themselves, or what they would look like if they were a character in the strip.

Oh My Gods! also very often breaks the fourth wall. Characters are well aware of their existence as characters in a comic, and they are often depicted as conversing with Shivian or commenting on things occurring in his interactions with the comic or life at large. Additionally, they have been shown great surprise when Shivian made a change to the style of the comic such as the introduction of color, legs, or fleshed out backgrounds. In another instance, Shivian is shown as storing the props for the comic in the basement of their house.

==Recurring characters ==

Main characters

 * Stan - He is the main character and gay; his current boyfriend is Vincent.
 * Vera - She is a lesbian who owns the local metaphysical store, Neo Aquarius and Other Planets. She is also a Native American shamaness.
 * Victor - He is often portrayed as not being a mentally clear individual, leading to many problems. He is tormented by his fairy spirit guides and Larry the word balloon.
 * Winston - He loves computers and is geeky.

Supporting characters

 * Fundie - He is a stereotypical fundamentalist, Christian who tries to convert/save the souls of the pagan characters. He's also a frequent target of Stan's practical jokes.
 * Vincent - He is Stan's boyfriend and is often preoccupied by sex.
 * Futhark Kids: Perth, Othala and Asa -
 * Johnnie - Leader of the local sect of the Pagan Spiritual Tradition of the Spiritual Fish.
 * Craig - Follower of the Spiritual Fish.
 * Kay - She is the leader of the sect of the Spiritual Fish, and is also Wiccan.
 * The Fairies - Victor's spirit guides. They often follow Victor around and torment him.
 * Reiki Master - A self-proclaimed master of the Reiki.
 * The Pope -
 * Jacob, a Clown for Christ - A clown advocating the message that Jesus is fun.
 * Linda - A toned down female version of fundie. She is often seen smiting people and hanging out with Fundie.
 * Candy, a Cheerleader for Christ - A cheerleader who cheers the message of Jesus Christ.
 * Apollinis Fututor - Captain Dead Language - He speaks Latin and wears Roman armor.
 * Fina - A black cat who hangs out with Larry the word balloon and the fairies.
 * Tina DeValve - She is an atheist who was once the Boob Vampire.
 * UU of 8 - A Unitarian Universalist whose goal in life is merging all religions into one.
 * Saint Grand High Markus, Ordained Ceremonial Magician of the XXXII Order of Apsu - A ceremonial magician.
 * Nate - A chaos magician who is shown to be more level-headed than many of the other recurring characters.
 * Cthulhu – He is based on the H. P. Lovecraft character by the same name.
 * Nick – An African-American pagan who's fond of hoodoo, curses and Buddhism.
 * Queernunnos (Herbert) - A self-proclaimed embodiment of the "Great Pink God". In late 2007, Oh My Gods! went through a site redesign and, since then Queernunnos (Herbert) is no longer listed on the supporting cast page.

Appearances
Oh My Gods! has also been featured in Prediction (UK magazine), SIPA News (local newsletter), PagaNet News (global newspaper), newWitch (national magazine), Eldaring.de (German website), the Cauldron.net (website), Pentacle (magazine & website), Mississippi State University WPSA (website), the SORCery Convention (event), Akashan Pathways (website), Modern Wiccan (website), WynterGreene (newspaper), the Daily Egyptian (newspaper of Southern Illinois University Carbondale), The Scribe (newsletter), Pagan Press (newsletter), The Witch's Path (newsletter), Connect (newsletter), Between the Worlds (event), Pagan Spirit Gathering (event), and Something Awful (Awful Link of the Day).

In print
In March 2007, Oh My Gods! was made available in book form for the first time. As of February 2009, five volumes of yearly anthologies had been made available at the print-on-demand publisher Lulu. These volumes include:

In July 2011, two new omnibus volumes of Oh My Gods! were announced on the comic's website. These two volumes were released in eBook and hardback in March 2013 through Lulu. Volume 1 covers the first 1051 published strips plus some unpublished content, while Volume 2 covers the remaining 1049 strips and bonus content. These volumes are the first time that years six and seven of the comic have been made available in book form:

Awards
It has won the Golden Web Award for 2003–2004, was a UserFriendly.org Link of the Day and has received reviews from the Shadow Witch Web and Sequential Tart.

title: Oh My Gods!


text:
Procol Harum (album)

Procol Harum is the debut studio album by English rock band Procol Harum. It was released in September 1967 by record label Deram in the US, following their breakthrough and immensely popular single "A Whiter Shade of Pale". The track does not appear on the UK version of the album, but was included on the US issue. The UK version of the album was released in December 1967 by record label Regal Zonophone.

Writing
All songs were originally credited to Gary Brooker (music) and Keith Reid (lyrics), except "Repent Walpurgis" written by Matthew Fisher, after works by French organist Charles-Marie Widor and German composer Johann Sebastian Bach.

In 2005, Matthew Fisher filed suit in the Royal Courts of Justice against Gary Brooker and his publisher, claiming that Fisher co-wrote the music for "A Whiter Shade of Pale". On 30 July 2009, the House of Lords issued a final verdict on the case in Fisher's favour. A lower court had ruled in Fisher's favour in 2006, granting him co-writing credits and a share of the royalties. A higher court partly overturned the ruling in 2008, giving Fisher co-writing credit but no money. The Court of Appeal had previously held that Fisher had waited too long to bring his claim to court. The House of Lords disagreed, stating there was no time limitation for such claims. Lord David Neuberger of Abbotsbury's opinion stated: "Fisher's subsequent contribution was significant, and, especially the introductory eight bars, an important factor in the work's success...".

Procol Harum's lyricist Keith Reid told Songfacts that the music for "Conquistador" was written before the lyrics. He added that this was unusual as "99 out of 100" of the Procol Harum songs, back then, "were written the words first, and then were set to music."

Recording
The track "Salad Days (Are Here Again)" is credited as being from the film Separation.

Release
Procol Harum was released in September 1967 in the US, and in December 1967 in the UK. Though the album was recorded on multitrack, it was issued as mono-only in the UK, and in mono and rechannelled stereo in the US. Despite extensive searching, the original multitrack tapes have not been located and thus a stereo mix of the original ten tracks may never be possible. Several alternate takes, however, have been mixed into stereo and are available on CD. As recently as 2004, the original single, mixed to stereo, has appeared on a "Dick Bartley Presents: Classic Oldies" compilation on Eric Records.

The original North American release included a poster of the album cover. The artwork by Dickinson, the then-girlfriend, and subsequently wife of Keith Reid was heavily influenced by the style of the late-Victorian illustrator Aubrey Beardsley.

The album has been repackaged and reissued many times. Two of the significant reissues are Procol Harum...Plus!, a 1998 CD compilation on the Westside label including all the songs from both the Deram and Regal Zonophone release, plus "Homburg" (the group's second single) and nine additional tracks from the period; and a monaural audiophile vinyl LP edition released in 2003 by Classic Records, with yet a different track order, including "Homburg" as the opening track and without "A Whiter Shade of Pale" or "Good Captain Clack". The set includes bonus singles of the original monaural and alternate stereo versions of "A Whiter Shade of Pale". A 2009 remaster by Salvo Records, using the original mono masters, was released, with bonus tracks including the singles "A Whiter Shade of Pale", "Homburg", B-sides and alternate stereo takes. However, many of the tracks are played at a higher speed. A 2015 remaster by Cherry Red Records expands the album into a 2-CD set.

A live version of the track "Conquistador", from the album Procol Harum Live with the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra, was released as a single in 1972 and charted to #16 in the US on the Billboard Hot 100 after 10 weeks on the chart.

Reception
In his retrospective review of the album, Bruce Eder of AllMusic wrote: "Not everything here works, but it holds up better than most psychedelic or progressive rock." Melody Maker described the album as "very pleasant and thoughtful set".

Legacy
The album was included on Classic Rock magazine ' s list "50 Albums That Built Prog Rock". It was included in Rolling Stone ' s 2007 list of "The 40 Essential Albums of 1967".

In a major Tate Britain exhibition of the work of Aubrey Beardsley during 4 March – 25 May 2020, the Procol Harum album cover was shown alongside The Beatles Revolver artwork by Klaus Voormann to show how interest in Beardsley's monochrome pen-and-ink style was revived in the 1960s.

Personnel

 * Procol Harum

 * Gary Brooker – vocals, piano
 * Robin Trower – guitar (all but US 1)
 * Matthew Fisher – organ
 * Dave Knights – bass
 * B. J. Wilson – drums (all but US 1)
 * Ray Royer – guitar (US 1)
 * Keith Reid – lyrics

 * Additional personnel

 * Bill Eyden – drums (US 1)
 * Technical
 * Simon Platz - executive producer (for Fly Records)
 * Eddy Offord, Frank Owen, Gerald Chevin, Keith Grant, Laurence Burridge - engineer
 * Dickinson – front cover art

title: Procol Harum (album)


text:
Susanna (disciple)

Susanna (, Σουσαννα, Sousanna) is one of the women associated with the ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. The name Susanna means "Lily".

Susanna in the Gospels
Susanna is among the women listed in Luke 8 as being one of the women who has been "cured of evil spirits and diseases" and provided for Jesus out of their resources.

"And Joanna the wife of Chuza, Herod's steward; and Susanna, and many others, which ministered unto him of their substance."

Holy Myrrhbearer traditions
The Eastern Orthodox Church include Susanna in the List of Myrrhbearers the female disciples of Jesus who came to his tomb to anoint his body with myrrh oils but found the tomb empty.

Although Susanna is not included in the Old and Revised Roman Martyrology. She is still venerated as a Saint by the Eastern Rites of the Catholic Church. She is often confused with Saint Susanna, a third century Christian martyr.

title: Susanna (disciple)


text:
Teviot

Teviot may refer to:

People

 * Baron Teviot
 * Earl of Teviot

Australia

 * Teviot, Queensland, a town in the Scenic Rim Region, Queensland
 * Teviot Brook, a river in the Scenic Rim Region, Queensland
 * Teviot Falls, Queensland
 * Teviot Creek Dam, Queensland
 * Teviot Range, Mountain range in Queensland, Australia

New Zealand

 * Teviot, New Zealand
 * Teviot River, New Zealand

United Kingdom

 * River Teviot, Scotland, and associated Teviotdale and Teviothead placenames
 * Teviot Row House, Edinburgh the world's oldest student union building, run by Edinburgh University Students' Association

Other

 * SS Teviot, a cargo ship in service with the Royal Mail Line from 1946–60

title: Teviot


text:
Lydia Schenardi

Lydia Schenardi (born 27 June 1952 in Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis) is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the south-east of France. She is a member of the Front National, and is therefore a Non-Inscrit in the European Parliament. She sits on its Committee on Industry, Research and Energy and the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality.

She is also a substitute for the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development and a member of the delegation for relations with the Maghreb countries and the Arab Maghreb Union.

She was the FN candidate for mayor of Nice in the 2008 French municipal elections.

Career

 * Member of the Île-de-France Regional Council (1998–2004)

title: Lydia Schenardi


text:
Jean-Claude Martinez

Jean-Claude Martinez (born 30 July 1945, in Sète, Hérault) is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the south-west of France. He was a member and a vice-president of the Front National, and was among the Non-Inscrits until the 2007 formation of the Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty Group in the European Parliament. He sits on its Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development.

Martinez is also a substitute for the Committee on Budgets, a member of the delegation to the Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly, and a substitute for the delegation for relations with the countries of Central America.

Martinez was part of the "TSM" current inside the FN (Tout sauf Mégret, Anybody But Mégret) during the 1990s crisis, along with Samuel Maréchal, Marine Le Pen, Roger Holeindre, the Catholic current represented by Bernard Antony and Bruno Gollnisch, and Martine Lehideux.

Career

 * Postgraduate teaching qualification in law (1975)
 * Course director, ÉNA (National School of Administration), Morocco (1976–1980)
 * Professor at the faculty of law of Panthéon-Assas University since 1983
 * Deputy Chairman of the National Front
 * Member of a regional council (1992–2004)
 * Former member of Montpellier Municipal Council
 * Member of the National Assembly (1986–1988)
 * Member of the European Parliament (1989-2009)

title: Jean-Claude Martinez


text:
Brief Interviews with Hideous Men

Brief Interviews with Hideous Men is a short story collection by American writer David Foster Wallace, first published in 1999 by Little, Brown. According to the papers in the David Foster Wallace Archive at the Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin, the book had an estimated gross sales of 28,000 hardcover copies during the first year of its publication.

Contents
The collection includes the following stories:

 * A Radically Condensed History of Postindustrial Life
 * Death Is Not the End
 * Forever Overhead
 * Brief Interviews with Hideous Men
 * Yet Another Example of the Porousness of Certain Borders (XI)
 * The Depressed Person
 * The Devil Is a Busy Man
 * Think
 * Signifying Nothing
 * Brief Interviews with Hideous Men
 * Datum Centurio
 * Octet
 * Adult World (I)
 * Adult World (II)
 * The Devil Is a Busy Man
 * Church Not Made with Hands
 * Yet Another Example of the Porousness of Certain Borders (VI)
 * Brief Interviews with Hideous Men
 * Tri-Stan: I Sold Sissee Nar to Ecko
 * On His Deathbed, Holding Your Hand, the Acclaimed New Young Off-Broadway Playwright's Father Begs a Boon
 * Suicide as a Sort of Present
 * Brief Interviews with Hideous Men
 * Yet Another Example of the Porousness of Certain Borders (XXIV)

Themes and analysis
The 23 metafictional pieces in the collection are "difficult to categorise, roaming wilfully across the boundaries of genres and inventing new ones", which one story ("Octet") appears to "self-mockingly acknowledge".

Four of the stories are titled "Brief Interviews with Hideous Men" and consist of numbered sections of varying length presented as transcripts of interviews with male subjects. The interviewer's questions are omitted from the transcripts, rendered merely as "Q". The collection is characterized by dark humor, alienation and irony.

As its title suggests, the book critiques aspects of modern masculinity and male chauvinism. "The 'hideous men' in Wallace's short stories are monstrous, parodic versions of Updikean characters, scrutinized with the eye of a pathologist ... Their sin is an implacable, and peculiarly American, strain of egoism."

In light of revelations regarding Wallace's abusive behavior toward Mary Karr, some scholars have questioned the motives of Wallace's stories, particularly in the collection which prominently featured misogynistic male characters. Amy Hungerford, a professor of English at Yale University, most notably in her book Making Literature Now, posed the same question for the collection and whether we can separate the art from the artist. She concluded in the negative and argued that readers and academics should stop reading and teaching Wallace's work. Clare Hayes-Brady, a leading female Wallace scholar, responded to Hungerford's assertion in an interview with the Los Angeles Review of Books by emphasizing that it is the duty of a critic or scholar to engage with problematic authors and examine them closely for what they bring to the table rather than dismissing them outright.

In recent times, Wallace's work, and this collection in particular, has attracted the attention of scholars and academics, with some arguing that although Wallace's behavior is unforgivable, Brief Interviews with Hideous Men can be a source of study for possible explanation on the misogynistic traits and behavior of the male gender.

Critical reception
The collection was selected by The New York Times as one of the notable books of the year 1999.

In 1997 Wallace was awarded the Aga Khan Prize for Fiction by the editors of The Paris Review for "Brief Interviews with Hideous Men #6", which had appeared in the magazine and appears as "Brief Interviews with Hideous Men #20" in the collection.

The collection is one of writer Zadie Smith’s favorite books. She wrote an appreciation of both the collection and Wallace titled "Brief Interviews with Hideous Men: The Difficult Gifts of David Foster Wallace". The piece was included in her 2009 essay collection Changing My Mind: Occasional Essays.

The British writer and literary critic for The Guardian, Chris Power, highlights the dilemma book critics face in reviewing Wallace's works: to reconcile the brilliance of his writing with the difficult and often problematic aspects of his subject matter. In a piece on Wallace's contribution to the short story, Power writes, "His second collection, for example, Brief Interviews With Hideous Men (1999), is a brilliant book that is very difficult to enjoy."

Writer and book critic Andrew Ervin writing in the San Francisco Chronicle was of the opinion that the collection "stands as Wallace's most compelling, brilliant and complete book."

Performances and adaptations
The book has been adapted numerous times for stage and screen.

In August 2000, 12 of the "Interviews" were adapted into a stage play (Hideous Men) by Dylan McCullough, marking the first theatrical adaptation of any of Wallace's works. McCullough directed the premiere at the New York International Fringe Festival.

John Krasinski adapted and directed a 2009 film version of the "Brief Interviews" stories. Julianne Nicholson plays Sara Quinn, the interviewer unnamed in the stories.

Also in 2009, Hachette Audio released an abridged audiobook production of the book read by an ensemble cast similar to that of Krasinski's film, including Krasinski, Will Arnett, Bobby Cannavale, Chris Messina, Corey Stoll, Will Forte, and the author.

In August 2012, British artists Andy Holden and David Raymond Conroy presented a stage adaptation of the book at the ICA, London, which later toured to Arnolfini, Bristol. The production adapted four of the interviews and one short story using a variety of multimedia techniques, and contained new music by the Grubby Mitts.

A stage production adapting 21 of the interviews and stories, titled "Brief Interviews with Hideous Men", was directed by David McGuff for Yellow Lab Productions. The production ran three nights, August 28–30, 2014, at the Hill Country Arts Foundation's Point Theater on the Elizabeth Huth Coates indoor stage.

In 2021, the book was adapted for the stage in a German-language production titled Kurze Interviews mit fiesen Männern – 22 Arten der Einsamkeit. The production was staged at the Schauspielhaus Zürich and directed by Yana Ross.

Translation
The book has been translated into Italian, Spanish, Polish, Turkish, Portuguese, Czech, Finnish, Greek, German, Russian, Dutch, Serbian, French, Croatian and Hebrew.

title: Brief Interviews with Hideous Men


text: User talk:68.238.61.18

title: User talk:68.238.61.18


text:
Category:Athabasca University people

Alumni, faculty, and others affiliated with Athabasca University.

title: Category:Athabasca University people


text:
Satomi

Satomi (さとみ, サトミ) is a feminine Japanese given name which is also a surname.

Possible writings
Satomi can be written using different kanji characters and can mean: The name can also be written in hiragana or katakana.
 * 里美, "hometown, beauty"
 * 怜美, "wise, beauty"
 * 聡美, "wise, beauty"
 * 智美, "wisdom, beauty"
 * 理美, "intelligence, beauty"
 * 叡美, "intelligence, beauty"
 * 聖美, "holy, beauty"
 * さと美, "sato, beauty"
 * サト美, "sato, beauty"
 * as a surname
 * 里見, "hometown, look"

Satomi Clan

 * Satomi clan (里見氏), a Japanese clan originating in the Sengoku period
 * Satomi Yoshihiro (里美義弘, 1530-1578), a samurai of the Satomi clan
 * Satomi Yoshiyori (里見義頼, 1543-1587), the son of Yoshihiro
 * Satomi Yoshiyasu (里見義康, 1573-1603), the son of Yoshiyori and the father of Tadayoshi
 * Satomi Tadayoshi (里見忠義, 1594-1622), a retainer of the Okubo clan

Places

 * Satomi, Ibaraki (里美村), a town in Ibaraki prefecture

Given name

 * Satomi Akesaka (聡美), a Japanese voice actress
 * Satomi Arai (里美, born 1980), a Japanese voice actress
 * Satomi Hanamura (怜美), a Japanese actress
 * Satomi Ishihara (さとみ), a Japanese actress
 * Satomi Ikezawa (理美), a Japanese manga artist
 * Satomi Kobayashi (聡美), a Japanese actress
 * Satomi Koike, (里美) Japanese speed skater
 * Satomi Koorogi (さとみ, born 1962), a Japanese voice actress
 * Satomi Mitarai (怜美), a 12-year-old Japanese schoolgirl who was murdered by her classmate
 * Satomi Oka (さとみ), a Japanese actress
 * Satomi Ono (聡美) Japanese ice hockey player
 * Satomi Sato (聡美 born 1986), a Japanese voice actress
 * Satomi Takasugi (さと美), Japanese pop singer
 * Satomi Watanabe (聡美), Japanese squash player

Surname

 * Hajime Satomi (里見), the founder of Sammy Corporation
 * Kana Satomi (里見), Japanese shogi player
 * Kōtarō Satomi (里見), a Japanese actor
 * Saki Satomi (里見), Japanese shogi player
 * Ton Satomi (里美), a Japanese author

Pseudonym

 * DJ Satomi, an Italian electronic music producer and remixer
 * Satomi (singer, born 1989) (理美), a Japanese singer
 * Satomi (singer, born 1993) (さとみ), a Japanese singer

Fictional characters

 * Satomi Hakase (聡美), a character from Negima! Magister Negi Magi
 * Satomi Noda (聡美), a character in the film, novel, and manga Battle Royale
 * Satomi Ozawa (さとみ), a character in the anime and manga series Shadow Star
 * Satomi Yajima (聡美), a character from the 2D fighting game series Variable Geo
 * Michiru Satomi (サトミ), a character from the anime series Immortal Grand Prix
 * Satomi Ito, a powerful Alpha werewolf character and leader of a large werewolf pack on Teen Wolf
 * Satomi Usagi (里美), a character from Puella Magi Kazumi Magica, a manga spinoff of Puella Magi Madoka Magica

title: Satomi


text:
Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Sabbatino

Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Sabbatino, 376 U.S. 398 (1964), was a United States Supreme Court case that determined that the policy of United States federal courts would be to honor the Act of State Doctrine, which dictates that the propriety of decisions of other countries relating to their internal affairs would not be questioned in the courts of the United States.

Background
In July 1960, the Cuban government retaliated against the United States for various measures imposed against the Castro government by expropriating property held by U.S. citizens in Cuba. This included the seizure of sugar owned by a Cuban company called Compania Azucarera Vertientes-Camaguey de Cuba (C.A.V.), owned by American stockholders.

An American commodity broker, Farr, Whitlock & Co. had contracted to buy this sugar from C.A.V., but after it was seized, they bought it directly from the Cuban government. After receiving the sugar, however, Farr, Whitlock & Co. did not pay the Cuban government; instead, they paid C.A.V.'s legal representative in the U.S., Sabbatino.

Procedural history
The plaintiff, the National Bank of Cuba (acting on behalf of the Cuban government) filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against the defendant, Sabbatino, to recover the money paid for the sugar. The district court and the Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the defendant, and the case was appealed to the Supreme Court.

The issue taken by the Supreme Court was whether to apply the Act of State doctrine, which would uphold the legality of the expropriation because it was an official act of another country, not subject to question in US courts.

The defendant contended that the doctrine was inapplicable for three reasons:
 * 1) Because the act in question was a violation of international law;
 * 2) Because the doctrine should not be applied unless the Executive branch asks the court to do so;
 * 3) Because Cuba had brought the suit as a plaintiff and had given up its sovereign immunity.

Opinion of the court
The court, in an opinion by Justice John Marshall Harlan II, found that the act of state doctrine did apply in this case. The court refused to hold that the expropriation violated international law, because there was no clear unity of international opinion disapproving the seizure of land or property in a country by the government of that country. It noted also that interposition of the Executive was unnecessary to prevent the courts from interfering in affairs of state, as a single court could upset delicate international negotiations through the assertion of U.S. law in another country. Finally, the Court found no bar to application of the doctrine should be imposed by the fact that Cuba had brought the suit, comparing this to the sovereign immunity enjoyed by U.S. states which can sue, but can not be sued.

The court also raised and dismissed a potential Erie doctrine problem, noting that although this suit was brought under diversity jurisdiction, federal interests so outweighed that of the state that federal common law must apply, instead of the law of the state where the suit was filed.

White's dissent
Justice White wrote a "dismayed" dissenting opinion, asserting that the court's application of the act of state doctrine was too rigid: more so, in fact than the doctrine as applied by other countries.

Subsequent developments
Not surprisingly, the Sabbatino case provoked an uproar in the U.S. Congress. Before the case could be reviewed by the district court (on remand), Congress passed the so-called Second Hickenlooper Amendment (or Sabbatino Amendment) that revoked this presumption in favor of the validity of the act of state doctrine that the Sabbatino court had established. The Amendment was retroactive and subsequently found constitutional by the district court and the Cuban bank's complaint was dismissed. This amendment to the Foreign Assistance Act has clarified that courts may proceed with an adjudication on the merits unless the President states that such adjudication may embarrass foreign policy efforts, but the amendment has been construed very narrowly by subsequent court decisions.

title: Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Sabbatino


text:
Talk:Roger Neilson

Towel waving
Was Neilson the first person to start waving a towel? Was it his action that started the trend of having towels for playoffs? Or was it some other team in another sport? Kaiser Matias 05:43 11 April 2005 (UTC)
 * HaHa two years later I have a response for you.... Yes! Sorry it took so long. [[Image:MASH UP.PNG|20px]] Croat Canuck  Go Leafs Go 00:28, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

Street renamed

 * When I looked through the article I noticed that the fact Roger Neilson had a street renamed after him in Peterborough, Ontario shortly after his death, has been left out of the article. If there is a reason for this leave it on my talk page, but otherwise it should be included. Xtreme racer 00:49, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

Paper Bag
I have a dvd of famous HNIC moments, and when Neilson comes out onto the ice there is no paper bag, and supposedly he refused to wear it?

Scott 01/25/08

Lemieux 'hit' controversy
In the second paragraph of this section a “Nelson” is referred to. Is this a separate person or a misspelling of Neilson? 65.129.29.15 (talk) 06:02, 14 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Roger Neilson


text:
Oh My Gods

Oh My Gods might refer to:

 * Oh My Gods!, a webcomic written and illustrated by Shivian Montar Balaris
 * Oh. My. Gods., a 2008 young adult fantasy novel by Tera Lynn Childs

title: Oh My Gods


text:
Wikipedia talk:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-01-10/Top 100

Citation in "A small scale study of Wikipedia", a paper by Cormac Lawler, Master's student in Education at the University of Manchester. --Michael Snow 04:43, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)


text: User talk:68.102.73.208

title: User talk:68.102.73.208


text:
User:Nunh-huh/standard.css

/* font  */ body {font-family: "Lucida"; font-size: 12pt; }

title: User:Nunh-huh/standard.css


text:
Talk:Jon Hassell

Possible copyvio (and POV at that)
Most of this content is a duplicate of both http://www.maarifastreet.com/biography.html and http://www.jonhassell.abelgratis.co.uk/HTML/bio.html (one seems to be a copy of the other and I'm not sure which is original). There is nothing on either website concerning copyright, terms of use, etc. Therefore I am reverting to 212.219.18.20's next-to-last edit (the last one being the addition of the content in question). Unless someone can show that s/he has permission to put this on Wikipedia (or is the original author of this content), I am assuming this violates someone's copyright. In any case the content is highly POV and would need to be rewritten. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 04:44, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I am editing this entry at the moment, the material stated here will be incorporated into the new version, so I hope the copyright problem goes away. I'm not the person who put this in here originally, by the way. -- Risher 07:02, 13 Aug. 2007

 * Ok, I edited the page, I just got a nice basic form which can be filled out with, for example, Hassell's jazz influence (especially Miles Davis), more information after Vernal Equinox (I skimped on it, as I don't really a lot about him after around 1989, except for a few random things I dug up). -- Risher 08:38, 13 Aug. 2007

I think I had removed the copyright infringement at an earlier point, but I must have forgotten to leave a note, sorry about that. Thanks for your efforts. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 13:33, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

FYI: Terry Riley first recorded In C in 1964, not 1968. This will require rewriting that section, but uncertain as to how to proceed as I do not know the facts of his relationship with Riley. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.70.108.31 (talk) 23:53, 24 October 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jon Hassell


text:
Fernand Le Rachinel

Fernand Le Rachinel (born 4 June 1942) is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the north-west of France. He is a member of the National Front, and is therefore a Non-Inscrit in the European Parliament. He sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Transport and Tourism.

Le Rachinel is also a substitute for the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy and a member of the delegation for relations with the Korean Peninsula. He entered the European Parliament on 22 October 2004, replacing Chantal Simonot, who resigned on 1 October.

Career

 * Certificate of elementary education
 * Active military service in Algeria (1962–1963)
 * Meilleur Ouvrier de France in printing
 * Former president of commercial court
 * Former union chairman
 * Honorary member of Manche Departmental Council
 * Member of Lower Normandy Regional council
 * Member of the European Parliament (1994–1999)
 * Knight of the National Order of Merit

title: Fernand Le Rachinel


text:
User:Xiong/Metahole

Merged discussion
This is a merge of a fragmented discussion on the subject of what happened to a superfluous copy of Down the memory hole I (Xiong) posted to the Wikipedia namespace.

From User talk:Xiong

 * According to Netoholic, someone (not me, by the way!) moved your Down the memory hole article to User:Xiong/Down the memory hole. It doesn't really belong in the Wikipedia name space, as it's more of a talk page or a userpage (ie, it's a signed essay) than a policy page.  Accordingly I agree with this move, and am now deleting the remnant page at Down the memory hole and its talk page.  However, the person that did the move should have informed you on your talk page, if they didn't it was an oversight on their part.  Unfortunately, there is no page-move log so I don't know who did the original move. -- Curps 00:29, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * By looking at Special:Undelete/Wikipedia:Down_the_memory_hole, it appears that User:Netoholic moved it:

Page history 08:26, 11 Apr 2005. . Netoholic 07:19, 11 Apr 2005. . Xiong (more orwellian games) 22:17, 10 Apr 2005. . Netoholic 19:54, 10 Apr 2005. . Xiong (what was here? maybe nobody knows) 03:36, 10 Apr 2005. . Netoholic 03:35, 10 Apr 2005. . Netoholic (Wikipedia:Down the memory hole moved to User:Xiong/Down the memory hole) Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Undelete"

 * -Frazzydee|✍ 18:24, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I replied to you on my talk page. As I mentioned, there is no page-move log, but as Frazzydee points out, Netoholic himself takes credit for the page move in the edit summary, so that would appear to clear it up.  Regarding any possible selective deletion of a single version out of the page history of Village pump (policy), that's currently impossible for any admin to accomplish, and could only presumably be accomplished by a developer, though that scenario strikes me as unlikely... see the reply on my talk page. -- Curps 01:42, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Hmmm, I wasn't aware of that injunction against Netoholic. In any case, Netoholic didn't strictly speaking do reverts, since each of the three times you re-created the page the content was different, so none of his edits (adding a speedy-delete notice) brought the page back to some prior state. He wasn't banned from editing Wikipedia: namespace articles, just reverting them. And strictly speaking, each time he made only the second edit to a freshly-created article, so it technically couldn't be considered a revert... when the page was deleted, its prior history was deleted along with it (despite still being available for perusal by admins). So I'd have to say he didn't violate the letter of the injunction, though perhaps the spirit.  In any case, I had a recent disagreement with Netoholic over his Requests for de-adminship/Snowspinner page, so if any action ever needed to be taken over any possible violation of an injunction by him, for reasons of impartiality I'd prefer if you contact some other admin for that. -- Curps 04:02, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

From User talk:Curps
I could have sworn I posted a copy of that comment myself to my own userspace, under that title. Posting it to Wikipediaspace may have been an overreaction, but as I said the first time I recreated the page, I simply could no longer remember if I had put that comment there, or something else -- or if there was something there already which I edited. My involvement in the project has spread to a number of pages -- I really have to look at my watchlist and contribs to see what I've done.

Whether I created the page, whatever the content, I don't see matters half as much as how the deletion was handled. If we begin to act in trivial matters with suspect method, it is a short step to substantial issues with suspect method, and this I abhor.

If Netoholic moved the offending page, I really don't see how he obliterated history or removed the automatic temporary redirect. Who helped him with that? Can you find out? You may be aware that ArbCom has temporarily enjoined Netoholic from some types of reversions; judging by the log times you Frazzydee showed me, his actions may have violated that injunction. If he had assistance in kicking sand over his tracks, I think that's a serious matter. Don't you? — Xiongtalk 22:54, 2005 Apr 11 (UTC)

 * If a page is deleted, it no longer shows up in your contributions list or your watchlist.

 * From investigating the history of the deleted page (this is available for perusal by admins), I see that:

 * 03:17 UTC, April 10 2005: You created Down the memory hole, with edit summary perhaps one copy will survive on the system
 * 03:36 UTC, April 10 2005: User:Netoholic moved Down the memory hole to your user space at User:Xiong/Down the memory hole, and put a "speedy deletion" notice (Template:Deletebecause) on the resulting redirect, citing the page move (I believe he is not an admin, and cannot delete pages himself).
 * 15:59 UTC: Admin User:Mel Etitis acted on the "speedy deletion" notice and deleted the redirection page. Note the pages with a "speedy deletion" notice automatically get added to Category:Candidates for speedy deletion, for attention by admins.
 * 19:54 UTC: You recreated the page by adding content with edit summary: what was here? maybe nobody knows
 * 22:17 UTC: Netoholic again added the "speedy deletion" notice to the newly created page, again citing as reason the move to your user space.
 * 00:29 UTC, April 11 2005: While going through Category:Candidates for speedy deletion, I noticed the page and deleted it, but left a message on your talk page at the same time, alerting you about it.
 * 07:19 UTC: You recreated the page by adding content with edit summary: more orwellian games
 * 08:26 UTC: Netoholic again added the "speedy deletion" notice to the newly created page, again citing as reason the move to your user space.
 * 09:47 UTC: Mel Etitis again acted on the "speedy deletion notice" and deleted the page.

 * I think moving the page to your user space was proper: any registered user can do a move, as long as it is not page-move vandalism, and given your edit summary (perhaps one copy will survive on the system) I think you knew at the time that the content didn't really belong in Wikipedia: namespace. Perhaps Netoholic notifying you of the move might have been courteous, but if the page was put on your watchlist when you created it, it would remain on your watchlist even after the move, under its new name.

 * Regarding Village pump (policy), I don't know what may have happened there. Is it possible you simply clicked on "Show preview" rather than on "Save page", and failed to save it?  That has happened to me a few times.  It is currently impossible for any admin to delete any single version out of the history of the Village pump (policy) page... under normal circumstances, this could be done in a cumbersome way, by deleting the page and then selectively restoring only desired versions.  However, 1) this would leave a trace, as the deleted versions would still be available for perusal by admins, and I see no such deleted versions in the history of that page, and 2) number 1 above can't even be done at the moment, because this page and many others on Wikipedia cannot currently be deleted at all, even temporarily, due to technical issues involving a software bug in the most recent Wikimedia software (the "block compression" problem).

 * So it is beyond any admin's ability to send any contributions of yours to Village pump (policy) down the memory hole. Conceivably, a developer could do it, but from my personal experience most developers don't get involved all that much in editing or editing disputes.

 * -- Curps 01:36, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for taking the time to pull up that detailed record. I can tolerate most things, but not being kept in the dark.

I wrote quite a few words in reply before deciding most of it was unimportant. I don't really care that the page was moved or deleted; I've recovered from my understandable attack of paranoia -- "just because they're out to get you doesn't mean you're not paranoid" It's on the Pump and {divbox} is no longer under attack.

I think nothing you did was wrong, and although I want to talk with Mel Etitis, I don't think he acted in bad faith either. I want to know why he speedied a temporary redirect that is put there to prevent the sort of confusion I experienced -- the now-you-see-it-now-you-don't slight of hand -- but I'll warrant he just took Nh's {db|moved} at face value. You speedied too, but you noticed me; which notice I just failed to notice.

Leaving aside all of that, I want your opinion on this, specifically: The record shows that Netoholic moved the page, then speedied it 3 times. Is this a direct violation of Requests_for_arbitration/Netoholic_2? — Xiong 熊 talk 03:05, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)

From User talk:Mel Etitis
Preliminary, I want you to know I'm not jumping salty on you; I have no reason to think you acted in bad faith. But I have discovered that you speedied twice on Down the memory hole. The first time was after Netoholic moved the page to my user space; the third time was after I'd scribbled something on the page, trying to figure out what was happening.

(The second time, Curps did the speedy, and put a notice on my Talk page -- if I'd noticed his notice, I'd not have made another experiment.)

I'd like to ask why you speedied the automatic temporary redirect the first time. After all, that redirect is put there just so fools like me will not chase our own tails trying to figure out what went where. I've got about 100 more edits out there than I can keep track of in my head; I depend on history and edit summaries to tell me what's going on. When you speedied without notice, you deleted not only the redirect, but all history, too.

Next, not a question, but a note: Netoholic did the original move, plus tagged the redirect and the two following experiments for speedy. Please be aware that this user is under a injunction against reversions in Wikipedia namespace. The matter is of some concern to me, because this user is stalking me throughout the project, meddling with many pages I touch, often bare minutes after I do so.

I leave it to you to decide if invoking speedy 3 times against the same page is indeed reversion. If you agree, then I ask you to use your authority as suggested. Thank you. — Xiong 熊 talk 04:24, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)

From User talk:Frazzydee
Thank you for retrieving that interesting log. What do you think it means? How did Netoholic manage to also remove the automatic temporary redirect? Did he have assistance? Can his Big Buddy be identified? Does Netoholic's action violate his temporary injunction against some types of reversion? — Xiong 熊 talk 23:41, 2005 Apr 11 (UTC)

New discussion
This is a general discussion, not a private page of "mine". Please comment. — Xiong 熊 talk 06:13, 2005 Apr 16 (UTC)

Violation of ArbCom injunction?
I take Curps' point, but I say Netoholic walks a very fine line indeed to say that is not reversion. If I hold Curps and Mel Etitis entirely blameless in this, it is because you acted in good faith to perform a speedy -- as an extension of process, rather than in your capacity as petty arbiters of content. It is not material that at least the second and third speedies may have been correct -- nor that the first, by its fruits, may not have been. Netoholic used you to return a Wikipedia namespace page to non-existence 3 times in a row.

If I wait until you are -- quite properly -- holding a loaded gun on a range, and deliberately step on your foot and shove your elbow, the gun may fire and kill a man -- for the sake of the argument, a drunken bum. Who is the murderer? — Xiong 熊 talk 05:05, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)

 * Xiong.... please lay off. Go do something productive. -- Netoholic @ 05:25, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)

 * Retricting Netoholic's participation in this project is the most productive act I can imagine at this time. I am implacable. — Xiong 熊 talk 13:43, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)

Deletion of automatic redirect
(more stuff moved in from User talk:Xiong)

I deleted the page because, as I recall, on the first occasion it contained nothing by some self-referential nonsense, and on the second occasion because it contained little if anything at all. That was aggravated by the fact that it was a 'Wikipedia:' page with a 'page-creation vandal' kind of name. The person who marked it for speedy deletion may have had an ulterior motive, but it was still the right thing to do.

What exactly did you intend by it? If it was something useful and sensible, perhaps we could sort out how best to name and create it. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:47, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Please allow me to take exception to your characterization of the petition now present at User:Xiong/Down the memory hole as "self-referential nonsense". It's true that as attacks become more sophisticated, complaints about those attacks become more complex. It's also true that more complex complaints demand a greater portion of the reader's time and attention. And it is certainly true that I am an inclusionist from way back, and would rather write long and omit nothing germane, than leave lacunae through which the small may crawl.

 * I beg you to read the content you so summarily deleted a pointer to -- read it thoroughly. I ask you to read all the discussion on this page, because all of it was provoked by your action. I do not say you acted in bad faith; but I say you were pushed into an unwise action by a user acting not merely in bad faith, but with actual intent to disrupt, and in violation of a specific injunction of ArbCom.

 * Certain principles are fundamental to a free society. One is the right of free discussion; another is the right of petition; another is due process. My post was a complaint to the community at large that my right of due process had been violated. Netoholic's removal of my petition to the community to my user space was a further violation of all these principles. Bad enough to move it; worse to call a speedy upon it, kicking sand over the tracks of this underhanded removal.

 * You did not delete the page; Netoholic moved it entirely away, leaving an automatic redirect -- and that is what you deleted. Make judgement calls if you will about what I am permitted to present to the community, but do not blind me after I have been gagged.

 * I admit that, under stress, I phrased my petition in extremely defensive language; I introduced it in actual fear that it would be summarily obliterated and wiped from the record wherever found. Ironically enough, that is exactly what happened to the particular copy of this petition I posted to Down the memory hole. I ask you to ponder this irony.

 * Please allow me to point out that a metadebate in wikispace is a technically complex thing. Intervention in such debate demands a certain level of technical skill and attention to rather abstract concepts. Netoholic is a sharp fellow, with both intelligence and determination to follow these abstractions in detail. Any actor who fails to follow his actions with the same devotion to detail must inevitably become his cat's paw. — Xiong 熊 talk 14:20, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)

title: User:Xiong/Metahole


text:
Roy White

Roy Hilton White (born December 27, 1943) is an American former professional baseball player and coach. He played his entire career in Major League Baseball as an outfielder for the New York Yankees between 1965 and 1979. With the Yankees, he won two championships in 1977 and '78, both over his hometown Los Angeles Dodgers.

White, who came up a year after the Yankees’ final “dynastic” World Series appearance in 1964, is the only player from the franchise's subsequent period of decline during the mid to late 1960s to participate in their championships of the late 1970s.

Playing career
White, a switch hitter, was named to the American League All-Star team in 1969 and in 1970. In 1971, he set an American League record for most sacrifice flies in a season with 17. White led the American League in walks in 1972 and in runs in 1976. He played on three American League pennant winners (in 1976, 1977, and 1978), and two World Series championship teams (1977 and 1978).

After playing in the major leagues, he spent three seasons playing in Japan for the Tokyo Giants.

In a 15-year major league career, White played in 1,881 games, accumulating 1,803 hits in 6,650 at bats for a .271 career batting average along with 160 home runs, 758 runs batted in and a .360 on-base percentage. He ended his career with a .986 fielding percentage. An excellent defensive player, White led American League left fielders in fielding percentage for four consecutive years between 1968 and 1971.

Coaching career and retirement

White served as a Yankee coach for three seasons in the mid-1980s before returning to the coaching staff at the start of 2004. He also spent time as the minor league hitting coach for the Oakland Athletics organization.

In 2002 he established The Roy White Foundation, a charity aimed to help children and young adults in the New York area who would like to attend college, but do not have the financial resources to do so.

White, who is African American, (and half White through his father, Marcus White),appeared in a 2011 interview for UniWatch on Page 2 of ESPN.com about his time in Georgia with the Yankees’ Double-A farm team, the Columbus Confederate Yankees, during the mid-1960s, which had a patch of the Confederate flag on its uniform. White commented that even at the height of the civil rights movement he didn't notice the patch nor pay attention to its symbolism. Instead, the native Southern Californian was faced with contending with overt racism in the Southern United States at the time.

In 2014, White receive a Special Recognition Award presented by the Order Sons of Italy in America, Columbus Lodge #2143 for his efforts to promote higher education to underprivileged students through the Roy White Foundation.

title: Roy White


text:
User:ThomasYoule

Thomas Youle is an economics student who is in the process of learning how to be an active editor at wikipedia.

title: User:ThomasYoule