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1971–72 NFL playoffs

The National Football League playoffs for the 1971 season began on December 25, 1971. The postseason tournament concluded with the Dallas Cowboys defeating the Miami Dolphins in Super Bowl VI, 24–3, on January 16, 1972, at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Like the previous NFL seasons, the home teams in the playoffs were decided based on a yearly divisional rotation, excluding the wild card teams which would always play on the road. It was the first time that the NFL scheduled games on Christmas Day, a decision that drew considerable criticism.

Schedule
In the United States, NBC broadcast the AFC playoff games, while CBS televised the NFC games and Super Bowl VI.

NFC: Dallas Cowboys 20, Minnesota Vikings 12
Although the Vikings outgained the Cowboys in total yards 311–183, Dallas forced 5 turnovers and converted some of them into 13 points en route to a 20–12 win.

Early in the first quarter, Larry Cole forced a fumble from Dave Osborn that was recovered by fellow lineman Jethro Pugh on the Vikings 36-yard line. Dallas then drove to the Minnesota 19, mainly on the strength of an 18-yard completion from Roger Staubach to Bob Hayes, before defensive tackle Alan Page's 3rd down sack forced them to settle for Mike Clark's 26-yard field goal that gave them a 3–0 lead. The Vikings responded with a 27-yard field goal by Fred Cox that tied the score.

In the second quarter, the Vikings got a big chance to take the lead when quarterback Bob Lee completed a 49-yard pass to Bob Grim on the Dallas 29-yard line. But linebacker Chuck Howley ended the drive with an interception, returning the ball 26 yards to the Vikings 37, and the Cowboys drove to a 44-yard Clark field goal that put them up 6–3. Minnesota had another chance to score as Clint Jones returned the kickoff 61 yards, but all this would result in was 3 incomplete passes and a missed 41-yard field goal attempt by Cox.

Early in the second half, Cliff Harris intercepted a pass from Lee and returned it 30 yards to the Vikings 13-yard line, setting up Duane Thomas' 13-yard touchdown run to give Dallas a 13–3 lead. Minnesota had a big chance to get back in the game when Charlie West returned the ensuing kickoff 51 yards, but this merely resulted in another missed field goal try by Cox, this one a 46-yard attempt. Late the third quarter, Dallas safety Charlie Waters returned a punt 24 yards to the Cowboys 48, sparking their only sustained drive of the second half. Moving the ball 52 yards, including a 30-yard completion from Staubach to Lance Alworth on 3rd and 15, Dallas went up 20–3 on Staubach's 9-yard touchdown pass to Hayes.

Still, Minnesota was not quite out of the game. Early in the 4th quarter, Paige sacked Staubach in the end zone for a safety. Then Vikings coach Bud Grant replaced Lee with Gary Cuozzo, who led the team to the Dallas 19 after the free kick. But Cowboys linebacker Lee Roy Jordan made a clutch interception that essentially put the game away. Cuozzo did manage to lead the team to a touchdown on a 6-yard pass to tight end Stu Voigt, making the score 20–12, but by then barely more than 2 minutes remained on the clock.

This was the first postseason meeting between the Cowboys and Vikings.

AFC: Miami Dolphins 27, Kansas City Chiefs 24 (2 OT)
In the longest NFL game played to date at 82 minutes, 40 seconds (in game time) (and the Chiefs' last game at Municipal Stadium), Miami kicker Garo Yepremian kicked the winning 37-yard field goal after 7:40 of the second overtime period.

The Chiefs opened up the scoring with Jan Stenerud's 24-yard field goal. Willie Lanier intercepted a pass from Bob Griese and returned it 17 yards to set up Len Dawson's 7-yard touchdown pass to Ed Podolak, increasing the lead to 10–0. However, Griese rallied the Dolphins back on their next drive, completing a 23-yard pass to Paul Warfield and a 16-yarder to tight end Marv Fleming on the way to Larry Csonka's 1-yard touchdown run. Shortly before halftime, the Dolphins defense recovered a fumble from Podolak deep in Chiefs territory, enabling Garo Yepremian to kick a 14-yard field goal to tie the game, 10–10.

Kansas City retook the lead in the third quarter, on a 15-play, 75-yard drive that took 10 minutes off the clock and ended with Jim Otis' 1-yard score. Miami responded quickly though, storming right back to tie the game with a 1-yard touchdown run from Jim Kiick.

In the fourth quarter, Dolphins linebacker Nick Buoniconti recovered a fumble to give his team a big scoring opportunity. But Kansas City took the ball right back when linebacker Jim Lynch intercepted Griese's pass on the Chiefs 9-yard line. Kansas City then stormed 91 yards, including a 63-yard completion from Dawson to rookie receiver Elmo Wright, to retake the lead, 24–17, with Podolak's 3-yard touchdown run. Miami struck right back as Griese completed passes to Warfield for gains of 17 and 26 yards before finishing the 71-yard drive with a 5-yard touchdown pass to Fleming, tying the game at 24 with 1:25 left in regulation. Podolak returned the ensuing kickoff 78 yards to the Dolphins 22-yard line before being shoved out of bounds by Miami's Curtis Johnson, giving Stenerud a chance to win the game for the Chiefs in the final minute of regulation. But he missed the field goal attempt from 32 yards wide right, and Miami regained the ball for their final possession in regulation. The Dolphins were unable to move the ball, and Larry Seiple punted back to the Chiefs. Podolak signaled for a fair catch, but Dennis Homan caught the punt as time expired in regulation. Chiefs Coach Hank Stram mistakenly thought his team had an opportunity for a free kick from 68 yards, which, if good, would have resulted in a game-winning field goal (according to the rules, there is no option for a free kick if the player signaling for a fair catch does not catch the ball). Fearing a return by Miami speedster Mercury Morris if Stenerud's kick fell short, Kansas City declined, and the game went to overtime.

Kansas City took the opening kickoff of the first overtime period, and Podolak returned it to the 46-yard line. Kansas City then drove into scoring range, but Stenerud's 42-yard field goal attempt was blocked. Yepremian also attempted a 52-yard field goal later in the period, but it was short. As the first overtime period came to an end, Dolphins safety Jake Scott intercepted a pass from Dawson on the Chiefs 46. But the team was unable to move the ball and had to punt. Following a Kansas City punt, Csonka's 29-yard run set up Yepremian's game-winning score.

Podolak's 350 all-purpose yards (8 receptions for 110 yards, 17 carries for 85 yards, 3 kickoff returns for 154 yards, two punt returns for one yard) in this game remain an NFL playoff record, and is still the fourth highest total in NFL history. "I don't think any one player in a big game, a monumental game like that, had a day like Eddie Podolak had," said Stram after the game. Chiefs running back Wendell Hayes added 100 rushing yards, while Wright caught 3 passes for 104 yards. Dolphins receiver Paul Warfield finished with 7 receptions for a career postseason high 140 yards, while Csonka rushed 24 times for 86 yards and linebacker Nick Buoniconti racked up 20 tackles. Kansas City would not reach the playoffs again until 1986 nor reach the Divisional Round until 1991.

This was the first postseason meeting between the Dolphins and Chiefs.

AFC: Baltimore Colts 20, Cleveland Browns 3
Don Nottingham scored two touchdowns for the Colts, while their defense limited the Browns to only 165 yards, 11 first downs, and 3 points.

However, the Browns had plenty of scoring chances early in the game. On their first series, quarterback Bill Nelsen completed a 39-yard pass to Fair Hooker, but Rex Kern forced and recovered a fumble from him on the Colts 12-yard line. Baltimore had to punt on their ensuing drive, and Leroy Kelly's 48-yard return gave the Browns a first down on the Colts 4. All the Browns got from this field position though, was a 16-yard field goal attempt from Don Cockroft that was blocked by defensive tackle Bubba Smith (who would also block another field goal later on.)

After the blocked field goal, the Colts drove 93 yards in 17 plays, including a 7-yard run by Nottingham on 4th and inches, to score on Nottingham's 1-yard touchdown run. Later in the second quarter, Baltimore safety Rick Volk intercepted a pass from Nelsen and returned it 37 yards to the Browns 15-yard line, setting up Nottingham's second touchdown run on a 7-yard burst.

After three consecutive drives in the third quarter ended in turnovers, Cleveland finally got on the board with a 14-yard field goal by Cockroft. But Baltimore stormed right back on 74-yard drive to go up 17–3 on a field goal by Jim O'Brien. O'Brien added a 14-yard field goal in the fourth quarter to finish off the scoring.

Nottingham was the sole offensive star for either team with 92 rushing yards, 5 receiving yards, and two scores.

This was third postseason meeting between the Colts and Browns. Both teams split their previous two meetings.

NFC: San Francisco 49ers 24, Washington Redskins 20
The 49ers defense made key plays to lead San Francisco to a 24–20 victory over the Redskins after trailing 10–3 at the end of the half.

Washington scored first after Jon Jaqua blocked a punt from Steve Spurrier, enabling his team to take over on the 49ers 28. This set up quarterback Billy Kilmer's 5-yard touchdown pass to tight end Jerry Smith. San Francisco responded with a 23-yard field goal from Bruce Gossett, but Speedy Duncan returned the ensuing kickoff 37 yards to set up a field goal for the Redskins, a 40-yard kick by Curt Knight. With the score at 10–3 and time running out in the half, Ted Vactor returned a punt 48 yards to the 49ers 11-yard line. But with 32 seconds left, receiver Roy Jefferson was dropped for a 13-yard loss by defensive end Cedrick Hardman on an end around play, and Knight's ensuing field goal attempt was blocked by linebacker Frank Nunley

Duncan returned the second half kickoff 66 yards to the San Francisco 34, but the 49ers made a key defensive stand, stopping Washington on the 12 when Nunley tackled Larry Brown for a 2-yard loss on 4th and inches. Three plays later, facing 3rd down and 1, quarterback John Brodie threw a deep pass that went just over the outstretched arms of defensive back Pat Fischer and into the arms of receiver Gene Washington, who caught the ball in stride at the 40 and took off for a 78-yard touchdown reception. Then on the next series, Roosevelt Taylor's interception set up Bob Windsor's 2-yard touchdown reception to give San Francisco a 17–10 lead.

Duncan returned the next kickoff 67 yards to set up a 35-yard Knight field goal, making the score 17–13. But with 3:20 left in the game, San Francisco put the game away when defensive tackle Bob Hoskins recovered a bad snap on a Washington punt attempt in the end zone for a touchdown. After this, the Redskins managed to cut the final score to 24–20 on Kilmer's 16-yard pass to Brown in the game's closing seconds.

Brown rushed for 84 yards, while also catching 6 passes for 62 yards and a touchdown. Kilmer completed 11 of 26 passes for 106 yards and 2 touchdowns, with 1 interception. Duncan set a franchise playoff record with 170 yards on 3 kickoff returns. Brodie finished with 10/19 completions for 176 yards and two touchdowns.

This was the first postseason meeting between the Redskins and 49ers.

NFC: Dallas Cowboys 14, San Francisco 49ers 3
This was a rematch of the first NFC Championship Game played the previous season in San Francisco. Prior to, the NFL rotated hosting rights of playoff games between divisions, and the NFC East champion Cowboys had the right to host the 1971 title game. It was the fourth title game played by the Cowboys, and the 49ers' second title game appearance as an NFL team after the preceding season's game.

Dallas won the NFC East with an 11–3 record and defeated the NFC Central champion Minnesota Vikings 20–12 at Metropolitan Stadium in the Divisional Round to advance to the NFC Championship game. San Francisco won the NFC West with a 9–5 record and defeated the NFC East runner-up Washington Redskins 24–20 at Candlestick Park in the Divisional Round to reach the NFC title game. This was also the Cowboys' first season at the brand new Texas Stadium in the Dallas suburb of Irving. Since the Cowboys were on the road for the Divisional Round, the title game in San Francisco was the first NFL playoff game at Texas Stadium. Both teams played on artificial turf in their home stadiums. The 49ers moved to an expanded Candlestick Park in 1971, which had artificial turf from 1970 through 1978.

As was the case in 1970, the teams did not meet in the regular season, thus their most recent game was Dallas' win in the 1970 NFC title game, the final NFL game at Kezar Stadium. Their most recent regular season game, in 1969 on Thanksgiving at the Cotton Bowl, ended in a 24–24 tie.

In the first playoff game at Texas Stadium, the Cowboys' defense dominated the 49ers' offense, allowing only 61 rushing yards, nine first downs, and forcing three interceptions.

Scoreless into the second quarter, veteran Dallas defensive end George Andrie intercepted a screen pass from John Brodie and returned it seven yards to the 49ers' two to set up Calvin Hill's one-yard touchdown run. This was the only score of the game until the middle of the third quarter, when Brodie's 24-yard completion to tight end Ted Kwalick set up Bruce Gossett's 28-yard field goal.

Following a missed 47-yard field goal by Gossett on San Francisco's next drive, Dallas QB Roger Staubach finished the quarter with a 17-yard completion to halfback Dan Reeves. Then he started off the fourth with a 23-yard pass to tight end Billy Truax. Duane Thomas completed the 14-play, 80-yard drive with a two-yard touchdown run for a 14–3 lead, and the final score.

With nine minutes left in regulation, the Dallas defense took over the rest of the game, forcing turnovers on San Francisco's last three drives. First, linebacker Chuck Howley broke up a 4th down pass. Then on San Francisco's next possession, Brodie was intercepted by linebacker Lee Roy Jordan. Finally, after Mike Clark's 24-yard field goal attempt was blocked by 49ers linebacker Frank Nunley, safety Cliff Harris picked off a pass from Brodie that enabled Dallas to run out the clock.

After the game, Dallas received a visit in the locker room from former President Lyndon Johnson, who told Staubach, "You're the best. They should rename this place Staubach stadium."

This was the second postseason meeting between the 49ers and Cowboys, with Dallas winning both.

The NFC champion Cowboys made their second consecutive Super Bowl appearance. Dallas defeated the Miami Dolphins of the American Football Conference 24–3 in Super Bowl VI at New Orleans to win their first Super Bowl.

The Cowboys made two more consecutive appearances in the NFC title game, but lost both, to the Washington Redskins and Minnesota Vikings. After a one-year absence from the title game (and playoffs), the Cowboys captured their second NFC championship in 1975.

The 49ers lost again to the Cowboys the following year in the playoffs, this time in the Divisional Round. San Francisco did not return to the postseason until 1981, when they finally beat Dallas in the NFC title game en route to their first Super Bowl appearance and victory.

Scoring

 * First quarter
 * no scoring
 * Second quarter
 * DAL – Hill 1 run (Clark kick) DAL 7–0
 * Third quarter
 * SF – field goal Gossett 28 DAL 7–3
 * Fourth quarter
 * DAL – Thomas 2 run (Clark kick) DAL 14–3

AFC: Miami Dolphins 21, Baltimore Colts 0
The Dolphins reached the AFC title game in their sixth season, thus becoming the first of the then-four NFL teams which had commenced play after the start of the Super Bowl era to play in a title game. This made them the youngest franchise to make it to a Super Bowl era title game up to that point. Miami won the AFC East with a 10–3–1 regular season record and defeated the AFC Central champion Kansas City Chiefs in the longest NFL game in history, (27–24 in double overtime) at Kansas City's Municipal Stadium in the Divisional Round to advance to the AFC Championship game.

This was the second consecutive AFC Championship Game contested by the Colts, their third title game in the past four seasons, and their sixth title game appearance overall. While the defending AFC and Super Bowl champions failed to repeat as AFC East champions, their 10–4 regular season record was good enough for the then-one AFC wild card berth. Baltimore defeated the AFC Central champion Cleveland Browns 20–3 at Cleveland Stadium in the Divisional Round to reach the AFC title game.

In addition to being the first playoff meeting between these teams, the AFC title game was the Dolphins' first playoff game at home. Their only previous playoff game had been in the 1970–71 NFL playoffs when they were the AFC wild card. Just as significantly, it pitted Dolphins coach Don Shula against his former team, which he had left for Miami in acrimonious circumstances prior to the 1970 season.

This was the first post-merger conference championship game contested between division rivals, and also the first in either conference to not feature a West Division team. Miami and Baltimore split their two regular season games in the 1971 season, with the Dolphins winning 17–14 at the Orange Bowl while the Colts won 14–3 at Memorial Stadium.

Although Miami quarterback Bob Griese completed only 4 passes, the Dolphins defense shut out the Colts. Defensive back Dick Anderson intercepted Johnny Unitas three times, returning one of them 62 yards for a touchdown.

Paul Warfield recorded a 75-yard touchdown reception midway through the first quarter on the Dolphins second drive. Meanwhile, the Colts managed to move the ball close enough for Jim O'Brien to twice attempt field goals, but he missed both times. In the second quarter, the Colts drove from their own 18 to the Dolphins 9-yard line, featuring a 28-yard reception by Don Nottingham, but on 4th down and 1, Nottingham was stuffed by a gang of Dolphins defenders just inches short of the first down marker.

In the third quarter, Unitas threw a pass that was deflected by cornerback Curtis Johnson into the hands of Anderson, who took off for a 62-yard scoring return. Then in the fourth quarter, Griese's 50-yard pass to Warfield set up Larry Csonka's 5-yard touchdown run.

This was the first postseason meeting between the Colts and Dolphins.

The AFC champion Dolphins made their first Super Bowl appearance. Miami lost 24–3 to the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football Conference in Super Bowl VI.

This was the first of three consecutive AFC titles for the Dolphins, who would go on to win two consecutive Super Bowls with their first such championship being the only perfect NFL season in the modern era.

This was the last AFC Championship Game appearance by the Colts while they were based in Baltimore. The Colts relocated to Indianapolis in 1984, but did not return to the AFC Championship Game until the 1995 season which incidentally was the last season of the NFL's absence from Baltimore. A Baltimore-based team would finally return to the AFC Championship Game in 2000, which Baltimore's current team (the Ravens) won en route to their first Super Bowl championship.

Six NFL teams have been enfranchised since 1971, four of which reached a title game (two in each conference) in less than the six seasons it took Miami to do so. Of those four clubs, the only team to win their first title game was the aforementioned Ravens in their fifth season. The Ravens, upon their enfranchisement, acquired the roster of the Cleveland Browns, who suspended operations for three seasons. The Ravens were not a 1996 expansion team from a football operations perspective.

Scoring

 * First quarter
 * MIA – Warfield 75 pass from Griese (Yepremian kick) MIA 7–0
 * Second quarter
 * no scoring
 * Third quarter
 * MIA – Anderson 62 interception return (Yepremian kick) MIA 14–0
 * Fourth quarter
 * MIA – Csonka 5 run (Yepremian kick) MIA 21–0

Super Bowl VI: Dallas Cowboys 24, Miami Dolphins 3
This is the only Super Bowl meeting between the Cowboys and Dolphins.

title: 1971–72 NFL playoffs


text: User talk:67.38.30.182

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:67.38.30.182


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Category:Free ciphers

Computer cryptographic ciphers and block ciphers which are patent-free or free for all to use by their patent-holders.

title: Category:Free ciphers


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William X

William X may refer to:

 * William X of Aquitaine (1099–1137)
 * William X of Auvergne (r. 1222–1247)
 * Guglielmo X Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (1538–1587)

title: William X


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Comeback

Comeback, The Comeback or Come Back may refer to:

General

 * Comeback (publicity), a return to prominence by a well-known person
 * Comeback (retort), a witty response to an insult or criticism
 * Comeback (sports), an event where an athlete or team losing a contest by a wide margin ultimately prevails
 * The Comeback (American football), a 1993 NFL playoff game between the Buffalo Bills and the Houston Oilers
 * Comeback (sheep), a breed of domestic sheep
 * Comeback sauce, a dipping sauce for fried foods or as a salad dressing in the cuisine of central Mississippi
 * The Comeback Seattle, a defunct gay bar in Seattle, Washington, U.S.

Film

 * The Comeback (1978 film), also known as The Day the Screaming Stopped, a British horror film
 * The Comeback (1980 film), a documentary about Arnold Schwarzenegger
 * The Comeback (2001 film), an Italian independent drama film
 * The Comeback (2010 film), aka Cabotins, a Canadian comedy film directed by Alain Desrochers
 * The Comeback (2015 film), a Filipino independent comedy film by Ivan Andrew Payawal starring Kaye Abad
 * Comeback (film), a 1982 film starring Eric Burdon
 * Comeback (1983 film), or Love Is Forever, a film by Hall Bartlett, starring Michael Landon
 * The Comebacks, a 2007 comedy film
 * Come-Back!, a 1981 Dutch film

Music

 * Comeback (K-pop), a Korean pop music marketing term for promotions of an artist's single or album that is not their debut

Albums

 * Comeback (Eric Burdon album), 1982
 * Comeback (Tic Tac Toe album), 2006
 * The Comeback (Zac Brown Band album), 2021
 * The Comeback (EP), by Stars, 2001
 * Comeback: Single Collection '90–'94, by Bonnie Tyler, 1994
 * The Comeback, by Baby Rasta & Gringo, 2008

Songs

 * "Come Back" (Chicane song), 2010
 * "Come Back" (Jessica Garlick song), 2002
 * "Come Back" (The J. Geils Band song), 1980
 * "Comeback" (Ella Eyre song), 2014
 * "Comeback" (Grinspoon song), 2009
 * "The Comeback" (song), by Danny Gokey, 2017
 * "Come Back", by Algebra from Purpose
 * "Come Back", by Bananarama from Wow!
 * "Come Back", by Ben Platt from Reverie
 * "Come Back", by Depeche Mode from Sounds of the Universe
 * "Come Back", by Foo Fighters from One by One
 * "Come Back", by iamnot
 * "Come Back", by Johnny Mathis
 * "Come Back", by Lazlo Bane from Back Sides
 * "Come Back", by The Mighty Wah!
 * "Come Back", by Pearl Jam from Pearl Jam
 * "Come Back", by Usher featuring Jermaine Dupri from My Way
 * "Come Back (Before You Leave)", by Roxette from Tourism
 * "Comeback", by Eric Burdon from Power Company
 * "Comeback", by Jonas Brothers from Happiness Begins
 * "Comeback", by Kelly Rowland from Ms. Kelly
 * "The Comeback", by Big Pooh from The Delightful Bars
 * "The Comeback", by Gomez from Bring It On
 * "The Comeback", by Joe Williams from Count Basie Swings, Joe Williams Sings
 * "The Comeback", by Shout Out Louds from Howl Howl Gaff Gaff

Television

 * Comeback (TV series), a Czech sitcom
 * The Comeback (TV series), a series produced by HBO
 * The Comeback, a 1997 TV series produced by Asia Television
 * "The Comeback" (Seinfeld), a 1997 episode of Seinfeld
 * "Comeback" (Glee), a 2011 episode of Glee
 * "Comeback" (Land of the Giants), a 1969 episode of Land of the Giants

Literature

 * The Comeback (novel), a 1985 novel by Ed Vega
 * The Comeback (play), a 2020 comedy by Ben Ashenden and Alex Owen of the double act The Pin
 * The Comeback, a play by A. R. Gurney

title: Comeback


text: User talk:202.59.21.227

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Talk:Metis (moon)

Untitled
Looks like the adj. form should be Metidian, but needs confirmation. kwami 2005 June 29 23:53 (UTC)
 * Bosnian wikipedia just added it as Metida. kwami 05:54, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

Mean Radius (Orbital) and Average Distance
Great work on all these Jupiter moons. There are so many but the authors have done a great job keeping up with the latest details. Thank you! Just one question. Many of the satellite pages indicate Mean Radius or Average Distance when indicating orbital parameters. The Mean Radius or Average Distance is different from an orbit's Semi-Major Axis. What is the intent? Thanks. Tesseract501 01 June 2006.

I don't know the intent (may be for simplicity for laymen?) but mean radius is used more often than semi-major axis. I usually consider them equivalent. In fact, mean radius lacks clear definition. For instance if you consider mean potential energy it is proportional to 1/a. So in some sense semi-major asis is a mean radius. Ruslik 13:58, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
 * The mean radius is what is usually given for inner moons of the giant planets because their osculating semi-major axes change in complicated ways on short timescales (days, months) due to the perturbations of all the other much larger satellites around the place. The advantage of giving a mean radius is that it is a value for the size of the orbit that can be both precise and accurate without the need to specify an exact date. Deuar 23:43, 16 June 2007 (UTC)

Passive voice and the use of Metidian
On second thought, the odd passive voice phrasing was not directly linked to use of the adjectival form, Metidian. Still I will not replace Metidian. Its is good enough. User:Fartherred from 207.224.85.91 (talk) 22:25, 20 June 2011 (UTC)
 * An alternative to Metidian is Metis' or Metis's. Of two possible spellings, both are used in two instances in the article.  I will add another instance of Metis' making it the majority form and establish consistency for the article.  I hope this is not too fastidious. Fartherred (talk) 17:13, 9 August 2011 (UTC)

Calculation of the Percentage of Jupiter's Surface That is Visible From Metis
The article states that "only 31% of Jupiter's surface is visible from Metis at any one time". As I worked through the math, I believe that this calculation is in error. I believe the error is because the spherical cap area was calculated using 2x the correct angle. Could someone double check that figure? There was no reference given. I was able to duplicate the viewing angle of 67.9°.blacksheep (talk) 01:26, 30 August 2016 (UTC)
 * The angle shouldn't come into the equation at all; it's entirely based on how far away an object is from a sphere. The equation is $$f = \frac{d}{2 \left ( R + d \right )}$$, which by my reckoning gives the correct value. However, with no references this becomes trivia/OR, so unless a source appears I'm going to simply remove the information (edit: this diff). I'll also ping WP:AST and WP:ASTRO for their input. Primefac (talk) 02:15, 30 August 2016 (UTC)

 * Since you have deleted the numbers, my response is a bit academic. The formula you cite is correct if the d is the distance of eye from the surface. If d is the orbital radius, the correct formula is $$f = \frac{d-R}{2 d}$$. I believe you used the correct formula with the wrong number for d. This gave you the original viewable area value of 32%, which I believe to be in error. I calculate 22%. Please see this web page as a reference for this calculation. It also includes a calculator for checking your computation. blacksheep (talk) 20:56, 31 August 2016 (UTC)

Spoken Word Article
Hi everyone, I added a spoken word version of this article. Please let me know if I made any errors or mispronunciations. Thank you! — Preceding unsigned comment added by TheFugeni (talk • contribs) 22:19, 17 January 2021 (UTC)

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Oliver Hirschbiegel

Oliver Hirschbiegel (born 29 December 1957) is a German film director. His works include Das Experiment and the Oscar-nominated Downfall.

Life and career
Hirschbiegel was born in Hamburg, Germany. A Waldorf graduate, Hirschbiegel studied painting and graphic arts, later film, at the Hamburg University of Fine Arts. In 1986, he directed his first film, the made-for-TV movie ''Das Go! Projekt'', the script for which he had written himself. He became a successful TV director, directing numerous episodes of the Tatort and Kommissar Rex series. His first theatrical release was the well-received movie Das Experiment.

In 2004, he attracted world-wide attention with the film Der Untergang (released in English-speaking countries as Downfall), produced by Bernd Eichinger. It recounts Adolf Hitler's last days, and sparked an extensive debate in Germany over the portrayal of Nazi leaders. The film was a critical and commercial success, winning numerous awards and a nomination for the Academy Award for the best foreign film. One scene from the film has become the basis for a widespread viral video phenomenon. Before directing the film, he was in talks to direct Blade: Trinity.

He directed his first Hollywood feature The Invasion, which was partly re-shot by Australian director James McTeigue, at the request of the studio.

Hirschbiegel directed the biographical film Diana, about Diana, Princess of Wales, which was released in September 2013. Actress Naomi Watts plays the title role.

His film 13 Minutes was selected to be screened out of competition at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival.

Oliver's brother Urs is an assistant director and producer.

Filmography

 * Murderous Decisions (1991, TV film)
 * Trickser (1997, TV film)
 * Das Urteil (1997 film) (1997, TV film)
 * Mortal Friends (1998, TV film)
 * Das Experiment (2001)
 * My Last Film (2002)
 * Downfall (2004)
 *  (2005)
 * The Invasion (2007)
 * Five Minutes of Heaven (2009)
 * Diana (2013)
 * 13 Minutes (2015)
 * Criminal: Germany (2019)
 * Das Engelsgesicht (TBA)

Awards
Wins
 * 1998 RTL Golden Lion Awards, Best Direction of a TV Film or Series for "Das Urteil" and "Trickser"
 * 1998 Adolf Grimme Awards, Audience Award of the 'Marl Group' for "Das Urteil"
 * 1999 Bavarian Film Awards for Directing "Mortal Friends"
 * 2001 Bergen International Film Festival Audience Award for "Das Experiment"
 * 2001 Bavarian Film Awards, Best Direction for Das Experiment
 * 2001 Montréal World Film Festival Best Director, "Das Experiment"
 * 2002 Istanbul International Film Festival, People's Choice Award, "Das Experiment"
 * 2004 Bambi Awards Film – National, "Downfall"
 * 2005 Bavarian Film Awards Audience Award for "Downfall"
 * 2005 Amanda Awards Best Foreign Feature Film (Årets utenlandske kinofilm), "Downfall"
 * 2006 Bodil Awards Best Non-American Film (Bedste ikke-amerikanske film), "Downfall"
 * 2006 Fajr International Film Festival International Competition – Best Technical or Artistic Achievement, "Downfall"
 * 2006 Robert Award Best Non-American Film (Årets ikke-amerikanske film), "Downfall"
 * 2009 Prix Europa Special Commendation – TV Fiction "Five Minutes of Heaven"
 * 2009 Sundance Film Festival Directing Award, World Cinema, Dramatic – "Five Minutes of Heaven"

Nominations

 * 1998 Adolf Grimme Awards Adolf Grimme Award, Fiction/Entertainment – "Das Urteil"
 * 2001 European Film Awards Audience Award, Best Director, "Das Experiment"
 * 2002 Fantasporto International Fantasy Film Award, Best Film, "Das Experiment"
 * 2003 Paris Film Festival Grand Prix, "Das Experiment"
 * 2005 Mar del Plata Film Festival Best Film, "Downfall"
 * 2005 Academy Awards Best Foreign Language Film of the Year
 * 2006 Goya Awards Best European Film (Mejor Película Europea), "Downfall"
 * 2006 Argentinean Film Critics Association Awards Best Foreign Film, Not in the Spanish Language (Mejor Película Extranjera), "Downfall"
 * 2009 Sundance Film Festival Grand Jury Prize, World Cinema – Dramatic, "Five Minutes of Heaven"
 * 2010 Broadcasting Press Guild Awards Broadcasting Press Guild Award, Best Single Drama – "Five Minutes of Heaven"

title: Oliver Hirschbiegel


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User talk:SergioM

Welcome
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Leopoldina
In the Leopoldina article you wrote:
 * It is situated in the southeastern part of the state, in a region polarizaded by the city of Juiz de Fora.

"Polarizaded" is not a word. What were you trying to say? I might be able to suggest a better wording. - dcljr (talk) 05:07, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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Israel Pinheiro da Silva
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Israel Pinheiro da Silva, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you agree with the deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please add  to the top of Israel Pinheiro da Silva. Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 22:20, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:SergioM


text:
Daniel Olbrychski

Daniel Marcel Olbrychski (born 27 February 1945) is a Polish film and theatre actor who is widely considered one of the greatest Polish actors of his generation. He appeared in 180 films and TV productions and is best known for leading roles in several Andrzej Wajda movies including The Promised Land and also known for playing a defector and spymaster Vassily Orlov alongside Hollywood actress Angelina Jolie in the movie Salt.

Life and career
Olbrychski was born in 1945 in Łowicz, Poland to father Franciszek and mother Klementyna (née Sołonowicz). He had an older brother, Krzysztof (1939–2017), who was a physicist. He attended the Stefan Batory Gymnasium and Lyceum in Warsaw. He has been practicing boxing since his youth, he also trained fencing, badminton and judo.

In 1965, he played the character of Rafał Olbromski, his first major film role in Andrzej Wajda's film The Ashes.

In 1971 he won the award for Best Actor at the 7th Moscow International Film Festival for his role in The Birch Wood.

He played one of the leading roles in Volker Schlöndorff's film The Tin Drum based on Günter Grass's novel Die Blechtrommel. He also appeared in one of the ten short films in Krzysztof Kieślowski's Dekalog and played a role in the film adaptation of The Unbearable Lightness of Being.

In 1986, he played one of the main roles in Margarethe von Trotta's film Rosa Luxemburg. The same year, Olbrychski received the French Legion of Honor (L'Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur). In 2007 he received the Stanislavsky Award at the 29th Moscow International Film Festival for the outstanding achievement in the career of acting and devotion to the principles of Stanislavsky's school. In 1998, he starred in Nikita Mikhalkov's film the Barber of Siberia. In a 1998 survey published by Polityka magazine he was ranked 7th on the list of the greatest Polish actors of the 20th century.

In 2010, he received a diploma from the National Academy of Dramatic Art in Warsaw. In addition to acting, Olbrychski has been well known for his abilities as an athlete. A keen horse-rider, a boxer and very able with the sabre, Olbrychski personally performed most of the stunt scenes in his movies.

He was selected to be on the jury for the Cinéfondation and short films sections of the 2015 Cannes Film Festival. Throughout his career, he appeared in five Academy Award-nominated films, two of which won the award (The Tin Drum, 1979 and Dangerous Moves, 1984).

Personal life
In mid-1970s, he was in a relationship with singer Maryla Rodowicz. He has a son Victor from a relationship with German actress Barbara Sukowa. He has been married three times: to actress Monika Dziensiewicz, with whom he has a son Rafał; journalist Zuzanna Łapicka (daughter of Andrzej Łapicki), with whom he has a daughter Weronika, and since 2003 to theatrologist Krystyna Demska.

He lived for many years in France and speaks French fluently. He practices boxing as a hobby.

During the 2015 Polish presidential election, he endorsed the candidacy of Bronisław Komorowski. He supports the LGBT community.

Filmography

 * 1964: Ranny w lesie, as Corporal Koral
 * 1965: The Ashes, as Rafał Olbromski
 * 1966: Potem nastąpi cisza, as Olewicz
 * 1967: Marriage of Convenience, as Andrzej
 * 1967: Bokser, as Tolek Szczepaniak
 * 1967: Jowita, as Marek Arens
 * 1968: The Countess Cosel, as Charles XII
 * 1968: Zaliczenie (TV Short), as Student
 * 1969: Everything for Sale, as Daniel
 * 1969: Colonel Wolodyjowski, as Azja, son of Tugay Bey
 * 1969: The Structure of Crystals, as Himself (uncredited)
 * 1969: Hunting Flies, as Sculptor
 * 1969: Skok
 * 1970: Salt of the Black Earth, as Lt. Stefan Sowinski
 * 1970: Liberation, Film II: Breakthrough, as Genrik
 * 1970: Landscape After the Battle, as Tadeusz
 * 1970: Różaniec z granatów (TV Short), as Józef Laptak
 * 1970: The Birch Wood, as Boleslaw
 * 1970: The Pacifist, as Sergey Abramov (uncredited)
 * 1971: Égi bárány, as A hegedülõ
 * 1971: Family Life, as Ziemowit Braun, called Wit
 * 1971: Osvobozhdenie: Napravlenie glavnogo udara, as Heinrich
 * 1971: Osvobozhdenie: Bitva za Berlin, as Henrik Dombrovski
 * 1972: Pilate and Others (TV Movie), as Matthew Levi
 * 1973: The Wedding, as Bridegroom
 * 1974: Roma rivuole Cesare (TV Movie), as Claudio
 * 1974: The Deluge, as Andrzej Kmicic
 * 1975: The Promised Land, as Karol Borowiecki
 * 1977: Dagny, as Stanislaw Przybyszewski
 * 1977: Trzy po trzy
 * 1977: Zdjecia próbne, as Himself
 * 1979: The Maids of Wilko, as Wiktor Ruben
 * 1979: The Tin Drum, as Jan Bronski
 * 1979: Kung-fu, as Zygmunt
 * 1980: Rycerz, as Herophant
 * 1980: Wizja lokalna 1901, as Priest Paczkowski
 * 1981: Terrarium (TV Movie)
 * 1981: Les Uns et les Autres, as Karl Kremer
 * 1981: The Fall of Italy, as Davorin
 * 1981: From a Far Country, as Captain
 * 1982: The Trout, as Saint-Genis
 * 1982: Roza
 * 1983: La derelitta, as Saül
 * 1983: A Love in Germany, as Wiktorczyk
 * 1983: Si j'avais mille ans
 * 1984: Bis später, ich muss mich erschiessen
 * 1984: Dangerous Moves, as Tac-Tac, l'équipe de Liebskind
 * 1984: Lieber Karl, as Teacher
 * 1985: , as Fritz
 * 1985: Casablanca, Casablanca, as Daniel
 * 1985: Jestem przeciw, as Grzegorz
 * 1985: Flash back, as Vincent Delaune / Thomas
 * 1986: Music Hall (TV Movie), as Paul Bronnen
 * 1986: Rosa Luxemburg, as Leo Jogiches
 * 1986: Ga, ga: Chwała bohaterom, as Hero
 * 1986: Siekierezada, as Michal Katny
 * 1986: Mit meinen heißen Tränen (TV Mini-Series), as Franz von Schober
 * 1986: Mariage blanc (TV Movie), as Félix
 * 1987: Farewell Moscow, as Yuli
 * 1988: The Secret of the Sahara (TV Mini-Series), as Hared
 * 1988: The Unbearable Lightness of Being, as Interior Ministry Official
 * 1988: Zoo, as Martina's Father
 * 1988: To Kill a Priest (uncredited)
 * 1988: La Bottega dell'orefice, as Father Adam
 * 1989: Haute tension (TV Series), as Victor
 * 1989: Dekalog: Three (TV Mini-Series), as Janusz
 * 1989: To teleftaio stoihima, as Orestis
 * 1989: L'Orchestre rouge, as Karl Giering
 * 1989: Passi d'amore
 * 1990: Le Silence d'ailleurs, as François
 * 1991: Coup de foudre (TV Series), as Jan Bergman
 * 1992: A Long Conversation with a Bird (TV Movie), as Angelo
 * 1992: Babochki
 * 1992: Lazos de sangre, as Alberto
 * 1992: Short Breath of Love
 * 1993: Kolejność uczuć, as Rafal Nawrot
 * 1993: Me Ivan, You Abraham, as Stepan
 * 1993: Lepiej być piękną i bogatą, as Lawyer
 * 1993: Dinozavris kvertskhi
 * 1993: Vervonal
 * 1995: Transatlantis, as Neuffer
 * 1995: Pestka, as Borys
 * 1996: A Torvenytelen, as Korlát Gerzson
 * 1996: The Story of Master Twardowski, as Jan Michal Twardowski
 * 1996: Hommes, femmes, mode d'emploi
 * 1996: Poznań '56, as Professor
 * 1996: Truck stop
 * 1997: Dzieci i ryby, as Franciszek
 * 1997: Szökés, as Nagy fõhadnagy, a recski tábor politikai parancsnoka
 * 1997: Balkan Island: The Last Story of the Century, as Limov
 * 1997: Opowieści weekendowe: Ostatni krąg (TV Movie), as Witold
 * 1998: The Barber of Siberia, as Kopnovskiy
 * 1999: With Fire and Sword, as Tugai Bey
 * 1999: Pan Tadeusz, as Gerwazy
 * 2000: To ja, złodziej, as Seweryn
 * 2001: The Spring to Come, as Szymon Gajowiec
 * 2001: The Witcher (2001), as Filavandrel
 * 2002: Gebürtig, as Konrad Sachs
 * 2002: The Revenge, as Dyndalski
 * 2003: An Ancient Tale: When the Sun Was a God, as Piastun
 * 2003: Nitschewo, as Frank
 * 2004: Break Point
 * 2005: The Turkish Gambit, as McLaughlin
 * 2005: The Fall of the Empire (TV Mini-Series), as Strombah
 * 2005: Anthony Zimmer, as Nassaiev
 * 2005: Persona Non Grata, as Polish Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs
 * 2007: Dwie strony medalu (TV Series), as Toni
 * 2008: Nietzsche v Rossii, as Friedrich Nietzsche
 * 2008: A Man and His Dog, as Taxi polonais
 * 2009: Idealny facet dla mojej dziewczyny, as Dr. Gebauer
 * 2009: Taras Bulba, as Krasnevsky
 * 2009: Mniejsze zlo, as Akowiec
 * 2009: Rewizyta, as Wit
 * 2009-2010: Czas honoru (TV Series), as 'Doctor'
 * 2010: Oda az igazság, as Kinizsi 2.
 * 2010: Nie opuszczaj mnie, as Badecki 'Jupiter'
 * 2010: Salt, as Oleg Vasilievich Orlov
 * 2010: Legenda o Lietajúcom Cypriánovi (uncredited)
 * 2010: Odnoklassniki (Одноклассники), as the Pole on the island Goa
 * 2010: Sluby panienskie, as Szlachcic
 * 2011: Wintertochter, as Waldecks Opa
 * 2011: Tolko ne seychas, as Elka's Uncle
 * 2011: Battle of Warsaw 1920, as Józef Piłsudski
 * 2012: Z milosci, as Radwanski
 * 2012: Hans Kloss: Stawka większa niż śmierć, as Werner
 * 2012: The Day of the Siege: September Eleven 1683, as Katski
 * 2012: Sep, as Bozek
 * 2013: The Hardy Bucks Movie, as Roman
 * 2013: Legend No. 17 (Легенда №17), as NHL manager
 * 2014: Piate: Nie odchodz!, as Homeless
 * 2014: Passenger from San Francisco, as Professor Steinman
 * 2014: Swiadek, as Barak
 * 2016: Hidden Reserves, as Wladimir Sokulov
 * 2016: Marie Curie: The Courage of Knowledge, as Emile Amagat
 * 2016: Titanium White, as Dean
 * 2017: Stebuklas, as Priest
 * 2018: Studniówk@, as Napoleon
 * 2018: DJ, as Grandpa
 * 2018: Van Goghs, as Victor
 * 2018: Kamerdyner, as Leo von Trettow
 * 2018: Koja je ovo drzava!, as Predsjednik
 * 2018: Souvenir from Odesa, as Mathieu Ozon
 * 2019: Mowa ptaków, as Gustaw
 * 2019: Polityka, as Deputy Stefan

Polish dubbing

 * Cars franchise as Doc Hudson
 * Arthur and the Invisibles series as Maltazard
 * 2006: Heroes of Might and Magic V as Markal
 * 2008: Fly Me to the Moon as Amos
 * 2008: Asterix at the Olympic Games as Julius Caesar
 * 2008: Assassin’s Creed as al-Mualim
 * 2010: ModNation Racers as Chief
 * 2011: Red Orchestra 2: Heroes of Stalingrad as Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov

Modern Art

 * 2013: The dream Off Penderecki as the Polish lector together with Derek Jacobi, Józef Skrzek, Jaroslaw Pijarowski in the music show by Teatr Tworzenia Theater of Creation edited and published exclusively (limited edition) by Brain Active Records in celebration of the 80th birthday of the great contemporary composer – Krzysztof Penderecki

Awards and distinctions

 * The Zbigniew Cybulski Award, (1969), Poland
 * Golden Cross of Merit, (1974), Poland
 * Legion of Honour, (1986), France
 * Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, (1991), France
 * Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta, (1998), Poland
 * The Actor’s Mission Award at the International Film Festival Art Film in Trenčianske Teplice, (1999), Slovakia
 * Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, (2003), Germany
 * Golden Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis, (2006), Poland
 * Medal of Pushkin, (2007), Russia
 * Krystian Award for Contribution to World Cinema at the Prague International Film Festival – Febiofest, (2007), Czech Republic
 * Stanislavsky Award at the 29th International Moscow Film Festival, (2007), Russia
 * Golden Duck Award, (2010), Poland
 * Best Actor Award for Outstanding Contribution to Cinematography at the 20th The International Film Festival of the Art of Cinematography Camerimage, (2012), Poland
 * Honorary Degree at the University of Opole, (2013), Poland
 * Honorary Citizen of the Capital City of Warsaw, (2017), Poland
 * Golden Unicorn Award for Best Actor, (2019), Russia

title: Daniel Olbrychski


text: Category:New Zealand zoologists

title: Category:New Zealand zoologists


text: Category:New Zealand biologists

title: Category:New Zealand biologists


text:
User:Necromancer223

Necromancer223] Is John leguizam 24 year old Male from [[Northwest Arkansas

Interests Include:
 * Trance
 * Music Production
 * Anime
 * Movie Industry

My Current On-Going Articles are:
 * Leticia
 * Alvaro Uribe Velez
 * Andrés Pastrana Arango

My Past Edits:
 * Giovanny Hernández
 * Love

Future Goals:
 * Colombian Soccer Players
 * Ivan Cordoba
 * Oscar Cordoba
 * Jairo Patino
 * Fabian Vargas
 * Luis Amaranto Perea
 * Andres Perez
 * Sergio Herrera
 * David Ferreira
 * Copa Mustang or Mustang Cup
 * History of Colombian Clubs
 * History of the Colombian National Team

title: User:Necromancer223


text:
Embassy of Estonia, Washington, D.C.

Estonian Embassy (Eesti Suursaatkond Washingtonis) is the Republic of Estonia's diplomatic mission to the United States. It is located at 2131 Massachusetts Avenue, in Northwest, Washington, D.C., at the intersection with 22nd Street in the Embassy Row neighborhood.

The Republic of Estonia, along with Latvia and Lithuania, maintained a diplomatic mission throughout the years of Soviet domination; the Estonian Consulate General was based in New York City at 9 Rockefeller Plaza. With Estonia's independence in 1991, the legation quickly sought a new home, and in 1994 purchased the expansive rowhouse, which takes advantage of one of Washington's many angled intersections with an entrance through its corner turret, behind a Greek Doric screen.

Building
The building was originally built in 1905 for a wealthy doctor, George W. Barrie, to designs by the partnership of William J. Marsh and Walter G. Peter. It was later home to the Peruvian Embassy and for many years housed the Landon School. One of the more striking buildings on Embassy Row, its purchase was a major coup for the country.

On July 2, 2001 it was severely damaged by a fire caused by faulty wiring. The building was completely refurbished and reopened in 2003.

In 2020 the reconstruction of the embassy began and the building was closed for diplomatic work. The renovation took three years and the embassy building was reopened in November 2023.

title: Embassy of Estonia, Washington, D.C.


text:
Second unit

Second unit is a discrete team of filmmakers tasked with filming shots or sequences of a production, separate from the main or "first" unit. The second unit will often shoot simultaneously with the other unit or units, allowing the filming stage of production to be completed faster.

Function
The functions of the second unit vary, but typically the first unit films the key face-to-face drama between the principal actors. Two frequent ways a second unit is used are:
 * Action sequences: Action sequences are often filmed in discrete locations, using stunt performers, rather than the principal cast, and requiring significantly different filming arrangements than for ordinary scenes. Therefore, they are an opportunity for second unit shooting.
 * "Pick-ups": After the main unit has finished on a set or location, there may be shots that require some or all of this setting as background but that do not require the principal actors. These shots may include things such as close-ups, inserts, cutaways, and establishing shots.

In both of these scenarios, the purpose of the second unit is to make the most efficient use of some of the resources that are expensive or scarce in film production: actors' and directors' shooting time, sound stage usage and the cost of sets that may have been built on stages.

The work of second units should not be confused with multiple-camera setups, where several cameras film the same scene simultaneously. Large productions may have multiple second units. Although filmmakers may refer to having "three or four units working", each unit would be called an "additional second unit"; usually none would be described as the third or fourth unit.

Directors
The second unit has its own director and cinematographer. A key skill for a second unit director is to be able to follow the style being set by the film's primary director. Peter MacDonald has said, "The most important thing about any second unit is that you can't tell the difference between the second unit and the first unit. It must have the stamp of the first unit, both in photography and the style of direction. ... You try to copy what the first unit does as much as possible. You mustn't be on an ego trip and try to do your own style, because your material has to cut into theirs and it mustn't jar, it must fit in exactly so no-one can tell the difference." Brett Ratner, commenting about Conrad E. Palmisano, said, "He has the understanding of what it takes to create a great action sequence and never deviate from the story or the tone of the film."

Because second units often film scenes with stunts and special effects in action movies, the jobs of stunt coordinator and visual effects supervisor often get combined with that of the second unit director. Unlike an assistant director, who is second-in-command to the main director, a second unit director operates independently, and thus can be a stepping stone for aspiring directors to gain experience, such as David R. Ellis, Chad Stahelski, and David Leitch. Other times, directors may return to predominantly working as second unit directors for the reminder of their career.

Some directors, such as Christopher Nolan and Quentin Tarantino, do not use second units in their films.

title: Second unit


text:
Talk:Amarok (Mike Oldfield album)

Parts
"It is next to impossible to isolate any one section of Amarok without it seeming out of place... though Oldfield has played excerpts from time to time."

An apparent contradiction there... Lee M 01:47, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

It is. Mike's played excerpts of it during concerts and on entertainment shows, but it always seems out of place when he starts (just launches into it) and they usually end it by fading it out because there's almost nowhere to stop "correctly". The Elements single-disc excerpt starts at Africa and fades out about two minutes later, for example, and it just doesn't sound right. User:Inky

 * — To be fair, it IS perfectly possible to excerpt an Incantations-length track from it, precisely starting like the Elements excerpt at 44:47, but up to the end of the album, for a precisely 15:15 track – that's the tryout excerpt I make people listen to, and no one felt it not right ;-) ←#6 talk 01:41, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Banners
I have made some changes to the body text that, I hope, improve NPOV of the article. I'haven't removed the banners yet as I've not gone through all of the text. While I've added an extra citation to reflect some of the writing in the lead para, I don't believe there are still enough there. I haven't managed to add any more. For that reason, I've left the banners in place as I believe that, while improved slightly, the article can still be moved further. Illuminatusds ; talk 18:11, 26 March 2014 (UTC)

Adding direct access chapters to an iTunes ALAC-encoded M4A file
On a Mac, in Terminal.app use the command below in the folder containing the iTunes M4A file containing an ALAC-encoded copy of Amarok to convert the existing M4A into one with chapters. Then import the output file "outfile.m4a" into iTunes. The file ALBUM.meta it a text file containing the chapter metadata shown underneath this command, which needs to be placed in the same folder as the input M4A file. This metadata has been derived from the movement times shown on the main Wikipedia page.

When the file is played an additional Chapters menu will appear, providing direct access to the individual movements.

The same command may also work on Windows but has not been tried.

For ffmpeg go to http://www.ffmpeg.org.

ffmpeg -i 01\ Amarok.m4a -i ALBUM.meta -map 0:0 -map_metadata 1 -c:a:0 copy -vn outfile.m4a

ALBUM.meta contents:

;FFMETADATA1 major_brand=M4V minor_version=0 artist=Mike Oldfield album_artist=Mike Oldfield album=Amarok genre=Rock compilation=0 gapless_playback=0 [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=0 END=15200 title=Fast Riff Intro [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=15200 END=34600 title=Intro [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=34600 END=37800 title=Climax I – 12 Strings [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=37800 END=44000 title=Soft Bodhran [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=44000 END=51500 title=Rachmaninov I [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=51500 END=56900 title=Soft Bodhran 2 [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=56900 END=59600 title=Rachmaninov II [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=59600 END=64200 title=Roses [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=64200 END=76500 title=Reprise I – Intro [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=76500 END=79600 title=Scot [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=79600 END=90000 title=Didlybom [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=90000 END=95600 title=Mad Bit [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=95600 END=97100 title=Run In [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=97100 END=108000 title=Hoover [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=108000 END=119700 title=Fast Riff [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=119700 END=131700 title=Lion [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=131700 END=142200 title=Fast Waltz [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=142200 END=147300 title=Stop [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=147300 END=148600 title=Mad Bit 2 [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=148600 END=150600 title=Fast Waltz 2 [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=150600 END=156700 title=Mandolin [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=156700 END=158300 title=Intermission [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=158300 END=176700 title=Boat [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=176700 END=192700 title=Intro Reprise 2 [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=192700 END=199300 title=Big Roses [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=199300 END=206400 title=Green Green [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=206400 END=216400 title=Slow Waltz [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=216400 END=222500 title=Lion Reprise [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=222500 END=226700 title=Mandolin Reprise [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=226700 END=239000 title=TV am / Hoover / Scot [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=239000 END=254200 title=Fast Riff Reprise [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=254200 END=261200 title=Boat Reprise [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=261200 END=265200 title=12 Rep / Intro Waltz [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=265200 END=268600 title=Green Reprise [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=268600 END=288100 title=Africa I: Far Build [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=288100 END=292600 title=Africa I: Far Dip [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=292600 END=297200 title=Africa I: Pre Climax [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=297200 END=302400 title=Africa I: 12 Climax [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=302400 END=306000 title=Africa I: Climax I [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=306000 END=307700 title=Africa II: Bridge [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=307700 END=309400 title=Africa II: Riff [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=309400 END=311200 title=Africa II: Boats [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=311200 END=313000 title=Africa II: Bridge II [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=313000 END=326300 title=Africa II: Climax II [CHAPTER] TIMEBASE=1/100 START=326300 END=360220 title=Africa III: Baker — Preceding unsigned comment added by 143.159.73.165 (talk) 19:05, 28 June 2017 (UTC)

meaning
amarok was the name of a dog in a novel.

title: Talk:Amarok (Mike Oldfield album)


text:
Category:Irish geologists

{Commons category|Geologists from Ireland}}

title: Category:Irish geologists


text:
Talk:Masquerade ball

Jacob vs. Fabrizio, or who introduced Venetian fashion masquerade balls actually?
Was it Johann Jacob Heidegger or Fabrizio Persaliano? 81.182.172.84 09:52, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

Need more links to modern masquerade balls to account for the resurgence
There are major masquerade events in North America and Europe that should be mentioned. Scribeofargos (talk) 03:55, 4 March 2008 (UTC)
 * News or academic sources that talk about the resurgence would be great, but we're not a directory. Listings of masquerade balls are inappropriate.  -- SiobhanHansa 12:00, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

Masquerade in Igbo society
In Igbo race in traditional African, Masquerade is an aspect of communication system that is of entertainment. In cultural festivals for example, masquerade were used to —Preceding unsigned comment added by 196.207.133.162 (talk) 16:50, 7 August 2008 (UTC)

 * En regards to the Igbo; is it actually a Masquerade or some sort of Masked ritual? From what references I can find, the Igbo masks and dances are part of a religious ceremony that invokes ancestor and element worship. They're not gatherings where everyone is masked, rather the masked characters are more shamanistic in the religious regard. I don't think it should be included in the article referencing a "Ball"; which is a formalized social dance in the European context, although I do think a separate article on the Igbo and their mask rituals should be in Wikipedia; if you haven't created one already.

Scribeofargos (talk) 21:23, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

Masquerade Balls
When You go to a masquerade ball, you have to wear BIG PUFFY dresses.With lots of ruffels. And only the colors of blue, brown, green,black, white, and yellow. AND NEVER wear shoes. this is not aloud beacuase of an old legend forom the 16th centur. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.113.83.90 (talk) 00:35, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

Merge?
I just noticed that the Ball (dance) article is rather short. Maybe this article should be merged into it? --99.192.28.56 (talk) 01:15, 10 December 2013 (UTC)

Celebrate is a verb, not an adjective.31.53.198.23 (talk) 22:16, 2 July 2014 (UTC)

Requested move 16 February 2020

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) Jerm (talk) 17:29, 23 February 2020 (UTC)

– We do have the article ball (dance party), where some of the contents of the precurrent articles could be moved or at least copied. However, both precurrent articles clearly are not limited to balls? Scopes seems more like party? We have several articles on different kinds of parties: Costume party, Toga party etc. Doesn't it seem like Masquerade party and Cross dress party could join this list instead, breaking the definition of the specific kind of party that is a ball (dance party)? PPEMES (talk) 16:59, 16 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Masquerade ball → Masquerade party
 * Cross dressing ball → Cross dressing party
 * Keep Masquerade ball. I would have thought the types are are Masquerade ball, Fancy dress party, and Masked orgy, but who knows. Masked ball (redirects here) might be better. Contrary to what the nom says, most of the content seems to relate to things that could reasonably be called balls. There is a stronger case for the Cross dressing party perhaps - not sure about that. Johnbod (talk) 17:09, 16 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The common name uses "ball" not "party" for masquerades. Shhhhwwww!! (talk) 17:24, 16 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Is this necessarily a case where WP:COMMONNAME determines? Per WP:NOTFINISHED, may we establish that the scope of this article is not confined to balls? Even if most masquerade parties are (or are referred to as) masquerade balls, can we establish that not all are? The scope "ball" is a arguably an under topic of "party". We have plenty of articles where common name may be put aside in order to cater to a slightly more extensive scope, don't we? Consider the solution in this article as seen in Template:Parties. PPEMES (talk) 17:39, 16 February 2020 (UTC)

 * Oppose. This is about a particular historical type of event that was primarily courtly or aristocratic. “Masquerade party” is not what you would call it - anything under that that name would be relatively modern and could be covered by Costume party. DeCausa (talk) 19:02, 17 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Do we have sources that backup the assertion that all masquerade parties in world history until now were solely balls (or were named as such)? PPEMES (talk) 19:05, 17 February 2020 (UTC)
 * No, of course not. Nor do we need them. Johnbod (talk) 19:13, 17 February 2020 (UTC)
 * The point I'm trying to convey is that while all masquerade balls where masquerade parties, how can we be sure that all historical, present and future masquerade parties should be designated balls? Hence my scope and title concern. PPEMES (talk) 19:14, 17 February 2020 (UTC)
 * You’re coming at this from the wrong direction. There’s an article needed about courtly or aristocratic masked “balls” with their origins in the late Middle Ages/Renaissance. They don’t exist now. There’s also an article needed about modern fancy dress parties. They’re not the same thing although the latter may be a descendant of the other and some may be intentionally referential of the other. But they are two different things. One can argue about what those two different articles can be called (that’s just the sort of thing everyone loves to argue about on WP) but ultimately the point is there are two different topics. DeCausa (talk) 19:26, 17 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Are you saying we need a WP:CONTENTFORKING of ball (dance party)? If so, why? PPEMES (talk) 19:30, 17 February 2020 (UTC)
 * No. Asking that in a pointy way means you don’t get it. Read around the subject a bit, and then come back here. DeCausa (talk) 19:59, 17 February 2020 (UTC)

 * We have ball (dance party). Some accidental properties can be attributed to a ball, many of which are shared with other parties. For instance we have masquerade balls - historical and contemporary - which indeed merit a text section there. Isn't the notion "masquerade ball" essentially a ball, and accidentally a masquerade? Then why should that accidental property not be dealt with an article scope which covers not only balls but also other parties where that accidental property indeed manifests? Why should the accidental masquerade property be afforded its specific article, when that accidental property - which indeed applies to different kinds of parties - could have its own article in masquerade party (or "Masquerade party" as a section in costume party)? Please refer to Template:Parties for an illustration of the taxonomy issue I am trying to convey. PPEMES (talk) 09:09, 19 February 2020 (UTC)

Oppose - this article refers to specific occasions, that are historically referred to as "balls" not "parties". Chaheel Riens (talk) 21:35, 17 February 2020 (UTC)

 * Are you saying masquerade balls are a solely historic notion? That we thus need masquerade balls in the 21st century for more contemporary ones? PPEMES (talk) 08:57, 19 February 2020 (UTC)

Oppose for the same reason as Chaheel Riens. The article Cross dressing ball is mainly a phenomenon of the 19th and beginnings of the 20th century, and had a certain grandeur the word "party" does not convey. We are mostly talking about "A dance hall of a larger style, with an extremely elegant audience. Tuxedos and tailcoats, and full evening dresses", where the public went to dance the evening away. --Ecelan (talk) 08:17, 22 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Clear common name. -- Necrothesp (talk) 13:38, 19 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose per the above. Aoba47 (talk) 18:26, 19 February 2020 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Masquerade ball


text: User talk:128.173.41.2

title: User talk:128.173.41.2


text:
New Bolingbroke

New Bolingbroke is a village in the civil parish of Carrington and New Bolingbroke, in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is in the Lincolnshire Fens, and is about 6 mi east from Coningsby. The village was established by John Parkinson, who was a steward to Sir Joseph Banks.

Landmarks
Built in the 1820s, the village hall continues to be called the New Bolingbroke Town Hall, the name it was given when John Parkinson established New Bolingbroke with the aspiration of it becoming a market town. It is a Grade II listed building.

New Bolingbroke Church, dedicated to St Peter, was built in 1854 by Samuel Sanders Teulon. It is a Grade II listed building.

The Crescent, a curved line of red-brick shops and houses, was built in 1823 by John Parkinson to house the workers of his weaving factory; the houses are now all privately owned. The Crescent is Grade II listed.

New Bolingbroke had two working windmills. One, Rundles Mill, is Grade II Listed and dates from the mid-19th century, and has been disused since at least 1906. Made of red brick, it is a tower mill. The other, Watkinsons Mill, dates from 1821 and is also Grade II listed. It was working until 1944 when the weather beam broke. It continued with an engine for a time, but today only the stump remains, which is used as a store.

New Bolingbroke railway station was sited here.

title: New Bolingbroke


text: Category:Petrologists

title: Category:Petrologists


text:
HOPE Scholarship

The Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally (HOPE) Program is a scholarship and grant initiative established in Georgia in 1993. Under the guidance of then-Governor Zell Miller, the program was designed to provide financial aid to exceptional students pursuing degree, diploma, or certificate programs. HOPE is applicable at eligible public and private colleges and universities throughout Georgia, as well as public technical colleges. HOPE is funded entirely by revenue from the Georgia Lottery and is administered by the Georgia Student Finance Commission (GSFC).

As of 2024, HOPE encompasses six distinct scholarships and grants, each with its own unique eligibility criteria and requirements. These include the HOPE Career Grant, the HOPE Grant, the HOPE High School Equivalency Examination Grant Program, the HOPE Scholarship, the Zell Miller Grant, and the Zell Miller Scholarship.

The HOPE Scholarship Program has awarded over $14 billion to more than 2.1 million Georgia students since its inception in 1993.

The Hope Scholarship regulations and requirements are codified in Georgia law and has undergone a number of changes by the Georgia Legislature.

In 2005, a decrease in lottery revenue led to questions about whether sufficient funding would be available to continue offering the scholarship in its present form. Several suggestions were made to decrease the program's costs, including tying the scholarship to standardized test scores or checking students' college GPAs more frequently to avoid paying tuition for students who had dipped below 3.0. Political rivals of Governor Sonny Perdue criticized his management of the program, and HOPE's future became an important state political issue. Much of that year's debate was rendered moot when lottery sales increased the next year.

History
January 14, 1991: Zell Miller is inaugurated as Georgia's 79th governor. He introduces legislation before the General Assembly to establish a lottery. A statewide referendum must be passed to amend the Georgia Constitution to allow a lottery.

January 31, 1991: Resolution to put lottery amendment before voters passes the Georgia House 126-51 and is adopted by a 47–9 vote of the Georgia Senate.

November 3, 1992: Georgia voters pass the lottery amendment 1,146,340-1,050,674.

November 1992-August 1993: Governor Miller establishes three distinct and individually funded lottery programs: the HOPE Scholarship Program, a voluntary pre-kindergarten program for four-year-olds, and an instructional technology program.

June 29, 1993: The first Georgia Lottery ticket is sold, sparking a windfall of unprecedented lottery sales. Georgia's first year of sales brought in a national record of $1.13 billion, providing $360 million for the three education programs.

September 1, 1993: Georgia's first HOPE Scholarship is awarded to Matthew Miller of Snellville, Georgia to attend Gwinnett Technical College.

July 1, 1994: HOPE makes its first expansion to cover four rather than two years of tuition. In addition, mandatory fees and a $100 per quarter book allowance will be paid for the first time.

July 1, 1995:

 * The $100,000 family income-eligibility cap for HOPE is abolished.
 * Governor Miller decides to give students who lose their HOPE Scholarships after their freshman year a second chance. If the student completes the sophomore year with a cumulative B average, they will receive HOPE their junior year.
 * Nontraditional students (who graduated before the HOPE program began in 1993) may qualify for HOPE after their sophomore year.

July 11, 1995: President Clinton models his America's Hope program, a tax credit for the cost of two year of education beyond high school, after the success of Georgia's HOPE Program.

July 1, 1996: Private college students for the first time must earn and maintain a B average to receive HOPE. As a result, the previous $1,500 grant is changed to a $3000 scholarship.

November 3, 1996: Entering freshmen high school students (Class of 2000) must now earn a B average in the core curriculum courses of English, math, social studies, foreign language and science to receive the HOPE Scholarship upon graduation.

July 1, 1997: Nontraditional student may now qualify for HOPE after their freshman or sophomore years.

November 18, 1997: The Georgia Student Finance Commission adopts a policy to allow home school students who maintain a B average during their first year in college to retroactively qualify for a HOPE Scholarship during the 1997–1998 school year.

April 1998: The National Association of State Student Grant and Aid Programs (NASSGAP) releases a study that says Georgia is ranked Number One among the 50 states in academic-based student financial aid because of the HOPE Scholarship.

June 29, 1998: The Council on School Performance releases a study that concludes: "We found that recipients of Georgia's HOPE Scholarship are more likely to remain enrolled in college, have higher college grade point averages and have earned more credit hours than students without the scholarship."

September 1, 1998: Five years after its inception, the HOPE Scholarship has awarded 319,000 students more than $580 million.

November 3, 1998: Georgia voters elect to create a Constitutional amendment protecting the HOPE Scholarship Program from legislative and political tampering.

May 17, 1999: For the second year in a row, the National Association of State Student Grant and Aid Programs ranked Georgia Number One among 50 states in academic-based student financial aid because of the HOPE Scholarship.

September 29, 1999: Yomaris Figueroa of McDonough, a freshman at Georgia State University in Atlanta, was congratulated by Governor Roy E. Barnes as Georgia's 400,000th HOPE Scholarship recipient.

March 2000: For the third year in a row, the National Association of State Student Grant and Aid Programs ranked Georgia Number One among 50 states in academic-based student financial aid because of the HOPE Scholarship.

July 1, 2000: Students can receive the full benefits of Georgia's HOPE Scholarship and the federal Pell Grant making a college education for Georgia students even more affordable.

October 2000: Seven years after its inception, the HOPE Scholarship has more than 500,000 awards totaling $1 billion.

March 2001: For the fourth year in a row, the National Association of State Student Grant and Aid Programs ranked Georgia Number One among 50 states in academic-based student financial aid because of the HOPE Scholarship.

April 2002: HOPE reaches new milestones: More than 600,000 students have received HOPE awards totaling more than $1.5 billion. Also, thanks to HOPE, for the fifth year in a row Georgia leads the nation in providing academic-based financial aid.

March 2003: The Georgia General Assembly created the Improvement of the HOPE Scholarship Joint Study Commission. The purpose of the commission was to identify and recommend actions to ensure adequate funding of the HOPE program for years to come.

April 2003: For the sixth year in a row, the National Association of State Student Grant and Aid Programs ranked Georgia Number One among 50 states in academic-based student financial aid because of the HOPE Scholarship.

January 2004: After meeting throughout the latter half of 2003, the HOPE Study Commission made its recommendations in January 2004.

May 2004: House Bill 1325 was signed into law, creating the most significant changes in the HOPE program since its beginning.

January 2007: The HOPE program reaches the milestone of assisting 1 million individual recipients.

May 2007: The new HOPE Scholarship high school grade point average calculation and transcript exchange project was implemented, in accordance with House Bill 1325 passed in 2004.

July 2008: The HOPE Scholarship award amount for students attending private colleges was increased from $3,000 per academic year to $3,500 per academic year. Senate Bill 492 was implemented, which increased the Georgia residency requirement for the HOPE Scholarship to 24 months for students who did not graduate from high school as a Georgia resident. In addition, changes were made to the treatment of post-secondary coursework taken while in high school, for purposes of the HOPE Scholarship and HOPE Grant eligibility. House Bill 152 was implemented, which allows home study student, ineligible high school graduates, and GED recipients to gain HOPE Scholarship eligibility by scoring in the 85th percentile on the SAT/ACT.

March 2011: Georgia Governor Nathan Deal, together with state legislative leaders, pushed a new law into effect, raising the GPA requirements for HOPE and eliminating payments for books and mandatory fees. The new HOPE Scholarship, or HOPE Lite, will now be based on Lottery revenue. The new scholarship within HOPE, the Zell Miller Scholarship, will cover 100% of tuition for those students who graduate with a 3.7 HOPE GPA and receive a score of 1200 (CR+M) on the SAT or a 26 ACT Composite at public colleges ($4,000 at private colleges), and maintain a 3.3 GPA while in college. Books and fees have also been eliminated for this scholarship as well. These changes also added additional academic rigor requirements to take effect in stages starting in 2015 and going through 2017. These requirements define the type and number of specific core academic courses required for graduation eligibility for the Hope Scholarship, including raising the required GPA for students to be eligible for the HOPE Grant to 3.0. Although these changes have taken some of the strain off of Georgia's finances, it has also resulted in about 1/4th of all Technical College students dropping out of college and increases in the accrued debt of those who remained.

March 2013: State Representative Stacey Evans introduces House Bill 54 to reverse some of the changes to the HOPE Scholarship program and, she claimed, help more Georgia students realize their dream and the original purpose of the HOPE program. Her ideas were incorporated into House Bill 372 which lowered the required GPA for HOPE Grants (the HOPE Scholarship for Technical Schools) back to the original 2.0 and bringing back 5,000 students into Technical College in the first year alone.

Awards
The money provided to HOPE Scholars varies and depends on the type of institution as well as the student's specific enrollment.

Public institutions
HOPE Award Rate multiplied by the number of hours (up to 15 hours)

Private institutions
Full-time students: $2,496 per semester or $1,664 per quarter

Half-time students: $1,248 per semester or $832 per quarter

Application procedures
To apply for the HOPE Scholarship, students must follow the registration demands of the school they chose.

Public colleges, universities, and technical colleges
Students have two options when applying for the HOPE Scholarship:

1) Complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) or,

2) Complete the online Georgia Student Finance Application (GSFAPP)

Note: The FAFSA must be completed each year. The GSFAPP remains valid for 10 years.

Application Deadline: The application deadline is the last day of the school term or a student's withdrawal date, whichever occurs first.

Recommendation: Submit the annual FAFSA or the GSFAPP as early as possible; the earlier you apply, the earlier your college can determine your eligibility and awards.

Note: Additional college-specific application and deadline requirements may be required. Check with your postsecondary institution.

Goals
The HOPE program has two stated goals:

 * 1) To offer academically superior students who would not otherwise be able to afford college the opportunity to receive higher education and
 * 2) To offer an incentive to academically superior students who can afford to attend college to remain in the state of Georgia, countering the "brain drain" phenomenon Georgia was experiencing prior to the program, when many talented students were attending universities in other states.

Criticism
Non-traditional students were not grandfathered in with the 2011 changes. This has led to allegations of age discrimination because students who had not received the grant before Summer 2011 and had graduated from high school more than seven years past were disqualified based on a new "seven year" criteria  that has in subsequent years been modified. Critics were with Governor Nathan Deal and the sponsors of the bill that caused this change.

Similar scholarship lotteries in other states

 * Bright Futures Scholarship
 * Tennessee Hope Scholarship
 * South Carolina Education Lottery
 * Kentucky Education Excellence Scholarship

title: HOPE Scholarship


text:
Hannity

Hannity is an American conservative television political talk program on Fox News hosted by Sean Hannity. Episodes air live at 9:00 p.m. from Monday through Thursday, while episodes that air on Fridays are pre-recorded, with a repeat airing at 2:00 a.m. the following morning. The show focuses on the development of the day's events with long monologues, political analysis, and legal analysis. The show has been a part of the Fox News program lineup since January 12, 2009 succeeding Hannity & Colmes, and is the number one cable news broadcast in its time slot. On nights when Hannity is not available, Jason Chaffetz, Tammy Bruce, Jeanine Pirro, Pete Hegseth, Kayleigh McEnany, Kellyanne Conway fill in as substitute hosts.

Format
At the beginning of the show, Hannity opens with an opening monologue detailing the political issues of the day. He then transitions to clips backing evidence or showing statements of opposition forces. When Hannity finishes his opening monologue, he goes to a political & legal panel analyzing the situations on hand. After the opening segments, the show has a looser format. Hannity may go to another monologue, go to an interview, or continue with another panel.

The first guest on Hannity was former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich. Hannity featured an exclusive interview with Don Imus during his premiere week. During the second week, conservative talk show host Rush Limbaugh appeared in an exclusive two-part interview about the future of the conservative movement and the newly inaugurated President Barack Obama.

Programming announcements and changes
Following the announcement on November 25, 2008, that Alan Colmes would leave Fox News primetime show Hannity & Colmes, it was decided that show would be succeeded by Hannity with Sean Hannity hosting solo.

From October 7, 2013, to September 22, 2017, most Hannity episodes were pre-recorded to air in the 10:00 p.m. time-slot, occasionally airing live if a major breaking news story was being covered. Following the move to 10:00 p.m., the 9:00 p.m. time-slot was filled by several programs, including The Kelly File, Tucker Carlson Tonight, and most recently The Five, which aired at 9:00 p.m. until September 25, 2017, when Hannity returned to its original time and got a graphics makeover.

Location
Hannity is broadcast from Studio J at 1211 Avenue of the Americas (also known as the News Corp. Building), New York City. On March 20, 2018, Hannity temporarily relocated to Studio F from its original location in Studio J for construction. The program went back to renovated Studio J on June 5, 2018.

On January 2, 2024, Hannity announced that he had moved to Florida and would be broadcasting both his radio show and Hannity from his new home permanently.

title: Hannity


text: User talk:68.200.57.75

title: User talk:68.200.57.75


text:
Osez

Osez was born in Montevideo, he was a member of the rap group "Sens Unik".

He performed live on many stages from Switzerland (Montreux Jazz Festival, Paleo Festival), New York (New Music Seminar) to Paris (Bataclan), Montreal, Berlin, Barcelone and all over Europe.

He started with the group in 1991 as dancer for the "6ème sens" tour then became a full-time MC.

Sens Unik's third album, "Chromatic", went gold in both Switzerland and Sweden. Osez raps on the "Chromatic" and "El Sueno" tracks. The album spawned two hits and featured a number of other European hip hop artists including MC Solaar.

Osez also appears on the track "Le vent tourne" from the gold album soundtrack of the movie La Haine from Mathieu Kassovitz.

He left the band in 1996 for a solo career and appears as guest artist on the "Barbarian" track of the fourth Sens Unik album, "Tribulations", recorded in New York by Tim Latham. He has also been featured alongside MC Carlos on the track "Hijo de Latino", which celebrates his Latin heritage. Multicultural rappers such as Osez serve as an interesting contrast to the "Mundart" or "dialect" rap of more traditionally Swiss MCs.

As solo artist he appears on many compilations and mix tapes, such as "Les Cool Sessions 2", "Menu Kebab", "Le Defi", "L'Assaut", some mix tapes by DJ Cut Killer and Logilo, and as a featured artist on many projects including: "Le Gooster", "Ne joue pas avec le feu" from Sleo (a full track with other rappers like Fabe, Rocca, Daddy Lord C, Lady Lestee), and a Deborah solo album.

In 2009, he created his own music label, "OàZMusic", on which he released his first single, and solo album called "L'oeuvre" as producer, composer and MC.

title: Osez


text: User talk:24.131.119.110

title: User talk:24.131.119.110