text:
Carlos Rogers (American football)

Carlos Cornelius Rogers (born July 2, 1981) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Auburn Tigers, earning consensus All-American honors. Rogers was selected by the Washington Redskins with the ninth overall pick in the 2005 NFL draft. He also played for the San Francisco 49ers and Oakland Raiders.

Early life
Rogers was born in Augusta, Georgia. He was raised in Thomson, Georgia until his family moved to Augusta while he was in middle school. He attended Butler High School, where he played football, basketball, and participated in track and field. In football, Rogers played both offense and defense. As a senior, he rushed for 1,332 yards and 11 touchdowns and posted 47 tackles with two interceptions. He was a SuperPrep All-American, an Augusta Chronicle all-area and all-metro choice, and was listed in The Atlanta Journal-Constitution's "Georgia 75". In basketball, he averaged 14.2 points per game as a senior and 13.8 points as a junior. In track, he posted times of 10.7 seconds in the 100-meter dash and 21.0 seconds in the 200-meter dash.

College career
Rogers attended Auburn University, where he played for coach Tommy Tuberville's Auburn Tigers football team from 2001 to 2004. He started 44 games over four years, and finished his career with 182 tackles (134 individual), seven interceptions, and two fumble recoveries. He holds Auburn's career record with forty pass deflections, which ranks second in SEC history. He was named to the Auburn football All-Decade Team for the 2000s.

Rogers graduated with a bachelor's degree in sociology.

Freshman year (2001)
As a freshman, Rogers started 10 of 12 games and finished the season with 58 tackles (46 individual), one fumble recovery, and 12 pass deflections. On October 6, he recorded a career-high ten tackles, as well as two pass deflections, in a win over Mississippi State University. Auburn was selected to play in the 2001 Peach Bowl after the regular season, where they lost 16–10 against the University of North Carolina. In the game, he recorded six tackles. Rogers was chosen as a Freshman All-American by The Sporting News, as well as an All-SEC Freshman choice.

Sophomore year (2002)
In 2002, Rogers started 9 of 13 games and recorded 48 tackles (34 individual), four interceptions, and nine pass deflections as a sophomore. In a win over Syracuse University on September 8, he recorded two interceptions and returned one for 35 yards. He did not make much of an impact in a Capital One Bowl win over Penn State University, where he deflected one pass and made no tackles.

Junior year (2003)
As a junior, Rogers started and played in 12 games. In the win over the University of Tennessee on October 4, he had an interception and four tackles before he fractured his left thumb. He sat out against the University of Arkansas the following week, underwent surgery in late October, and then played in several games with a cast. After the regular season, Auburn was invited to the 2003 Music City Bowl, where they would beat the University of Wisconsin 28–14. In the game, Rogers recorded three tackles and four pass deflections. He finished the season with 29 tackles (17 individual) with nine pass deflections and an interception.

Senior year (2004)
During his senior season, Rogers started every game and helped lead Auburn to 13–0 undefeated season. He finished with 47 tackles (37 individual), two interceptions, ten pass deflections, half a sack, and five tackles for loss in his final season. Rogers, who was Auburn's first Jim Thorpe Award winner—given annually to the best defensive back in the country—earned consensus All-America honors and was one of five finalists for the Bronco Nagurski Award and a semifinalist for the Chuck Bednarik Award, each given to the best defensive college football player in the United States.

Washington Redskins
Rogers was drafted by the Washington Redskins with the ninth overall pick in the first round of the 2005 NFL draft. The Redskins then acquired a second first-round pick from the Denver Broncos in exchange for Washington's third-round pick in 2005, as well as their first pick in 2006 and a fourth round pick in 2006. They used this second first-round pick to draft Rogers' Auburn teammate, quarterback Jason Campbell, with the 25th overall pick. On August 2, 2005, Rogers agreed to a five-year contract worth a maximum of $17.45 million over the life of the contract with $11.23 million in bonuses.

2005 season
After an ankle injury forced him to miss the first preseason game, Rogers played in his first game on August 19, a preseason loss to the Cincinnati Bengals. In the game, he intercepted a pass from Carson Palmer and returned the ball to Cincinnati's 25-yard line. On the next play, Redskins quarterback Patrick Ramsey threw a touchdown pass to James Thrash. Rogers made his first NFL regular season start on October 2, in an overtime win against the Seattle Seahawks during which he had seven tackles (five individual) and one forced fumble. In an overtime loss to the San Diego Chargers on November 27, he recorded his first NFL interception off of Drew Brees. He also had a team-high eight tackles (seven individual) and three pass deflections. The following week in a win against the St. Louis Rams, Rogers intercepted Ryan Fitzpatrick and had six tackles.

Rogers appeared in 12 regular season games and started five games. He finished the season with 40 tackles (34 individual), two interceptions, four pass deflections, and two forced fumbles. He also started the Redskins' two postseason games, in which he recorded 13 tackles and one pass deflection.

2006 season
Rogers started 15 games and recorded a career-high 88 tackles (71 individual), one interception, and 17 pass deflections. He was inactive during the Indianapolis Colts loss on October 22, due to a fractured thumb.

2007 season
On October 7, Rogers recorded his first career interception return for a touchdown, when he intercepted a pass from Jon Kitna and returned it a career-best 61 yards in the 34–3 win over the Detroit Lions. He started the first seven games of the season before he tore his ACL and MCL in a loss against the New England Patriots on October 28. It was decided that surgery was the best option and he was placed on injured reserve on October 30. Rogers recorded 30 tackles (23 individual), one interception, and eight pass deflections during this shortened season.

2008 season
Rogers returned from his knee injury from the previous season and started in the first game, a 16–7 loss to the New York Giants. On September 21, he started the game vs. the Arizona Cardinals by jumping on an Edgerrin James fumble on the Cardinals 34 yard line in the first quarter which resulted in a Redskins field goal four plays later. He later made a diving interception against Kurt Warner of the Arizona Cardinals in the fourth quarter. Rogers then got to his feet, avoided a tackle by Larry Fitzgerald, and ran 42 yards to the 15-yard line. Two plays later, Santana Moss caught a short pass from Jason Campbell and scooted in 17 yards for the score, giving the Redskins a 24–17 victory. The following game was at Texas Stadium vs. the Dallas Cowboys. Although Shawn Springs was assigned to cover the Cowboys #1 receiver, Terrell Owens, Springs became injured in the middle of the third quarter. With a three-point lead and the game on the line, the responsibility of covering T.O. on short to intermediate routes fell to Rogers. From that point forward, Rogers and the Washington defense held T.O. to two receptions on eight pass attempts, including three passes in a row from Tony Romo to T.O. into Rogers's coverage at the beginning of the 4th quarter - all incompletions. Redskins won 26–24 and the game was chosen as the NFL Films Game of the Week. Rogers acquired 7 tackles (6 solo) during the game, which was the high for the team that game and Rogers' high for the entire year. Rogers played in all 16 regular season games for the first time in his career, with 14 starts. He finished the season with 53 tackles (45 individual), two interceptions, 77 interception return yards, and one fumble recovery.

2009 season
Rogers played in 16 regular season games with 15 starts in 2009. He recorded 46 tackles (34 individual), two fumble recoveries, and a team-high 12 pass deflections. He helped the Redskins defense finish tenth in the league in overall defense and ninth in pass defense.

2010 season
Rogers played and started 12 games and recorded 54 combined tackles, 12 pass break-ups, two interceptions, and one forced fumble.

2011 season
On August 2, 2011, he signed a one-year contract with the San Francisco 49ers. He went on to lead the team with six interceptions that year and was named a starter on the NFC Pro Bowl roster as well as a Second-team All-Pro by the Associated Press.

2012 season
On March 14, 2012, Rogers re-signed with the team to a four-year, $31.3 million contract.

In the 2012 season, Rogers and the 49ers appeared in Super Bowl XLVII. In the game, he had three combined tackles as the 49ers fell to the Baltimore Ravens by a score of 34–31.

He was ranked 69th by his fellow players on the NFL Network's Top 100 Players of 2012.

2013 season
Although Rodgers had a solid year with 47 combined tackles and 2 interceptions, the 49ers released Rogers on March 10, 2014, the eve of free agency, and thus allowing him to test the market.

Oakland Raiders
On March 31, 2014, Rogers signed with the Oakland Raiders.

Healthcare fraud case
Rogers was charged with one count of conspiracy to commit wire fraud and health care fraud, two counts of wire fraud, and two counts of health care fraud by the United States Department of Justice on December 12, 2019. He initially pleaded not guilty to the charges, but later pled guilty in November 2020 to one count of conspiracy. By September 2021, Rogers was sentenced to 180 days of house arrest and ordered to perform 400 hours of community service.

title: Carlos Rogers (American football)


text:
User talk:Andrew Rodland

Welcome to the Wikipedia
I noticed you were new, and wanted to share some links I thought useful:

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For more information click  here . You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Sam Spade 21:09, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Magnus List
Okay. Thanks for letting me know.

IGo cars
Hi! My removal of IGo car links from a number of articles was nothing against IGo—in fact I am a very satisfied customer of IGo! However, I felt that the edits of were placing IGo links far too prominently in articles in a way that read like spam, and therefore reflected badly on IGo. I have no objection to the mention of IGo in neighbourhood articles, so long as it is made as part of a more general discussion of transport in that neighbourhood. —JeremyA 03:55, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

template:pd-art
Template pd-art does not apply to any old work of art. It says that it applies to works in which the creator has been dead at least 100 years, which is certainly not the case for Image:Dinkybird.jpg, whose creator died in 1966. - 66.93.200.116 12:59, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

Planck units article.
Well, Andrew, if you want the article's decline to be reversed, you might have to take it upon yourself to do something about it. There are plenty of self-assessed "amateur" editors that simply are editing beyond their scope. They are crapping up the article and all of the decent physicists that used to be here have left in disgust. 207.190.198.130 (talk) 18:11, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

Stubsensor
Hello, I am working to get Stubsensor up and running again. Currently discussing at User_talk:Avicennasis as he pulled the data. All changes to places, names and formats in the project are my doing. You are welcome to participate if you would like (or not your choice). Just wanted to drop you a note, I know you did a lot on the project previously. Jeepday (talk) 11:41, 28 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Up and running at WikiProject Stubsensor/20100826, posted at Template:Active Wiki Fixup Projects. JeepdaySock (AKA, Jeepday) 18:09, 31 August 2010 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Andrew Rodland


text: Wikipedia:POTD/April 23, 2005

title: Wikipedia:POTD/April 23, 2005


text: Wikipedia:Picture of the day/April 23, 2005


text:
Siege of Pueblo de Taos

The siege of Pueblo de Taos was the final battle during the main phase of the Taos Revolt, an insurrection against the United States during the Mexican–American War. It was also the final major engagement between American forces and insurgent forces in New Mexico during the war.

Background
In August 1846, New Mexico fell to American troops under Stephen Watts Kearny. When Kearny departed for California, Colonel Sterling Price was left in command of American forces in New Mexico. In January 1847, Price learned of a Mexican revolt in the territory and confronted the rebels at the Battle of Cañada and Battle of Embudo Pass as his forces moved on to Pueblo de Taos, the center of insurrection activity. Another American force fought the New Mexicans at Mora, on the east side of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains.

On 1 Feb., his force of 478 men reached the summit of Taos Mountain, covered in two feet of snow, and on 2 Feb., Rio Chiquito, the entrance to Taos Valley. On 3 Feb., Price marched through Don Fernando de Taos and then found the rebels had strongly fortified Pueblo de Taos.

Siege

Price ordered Lt. Dyer to set up an artillery battery, consisting of a 6-pounder and the howitzers, 250 yards from the western flank of the church and began firing at 2 PM and continued for two and a half hours before retiring to Don Fernando for the evening. Early on 4 Feb., he placed Capt. Burgwin's 1st Dragoon Regiment, and Major Clarke's light artillery, in the same position he had the battery the evening before, Capt. St. Vrain's and Capt. Slack's mounted men were placed to prevent escape towards the mountains or Don Fernando, and the remaining men were placed 300 yards from the northern wall along with Lt. Dyer's artillery battery. This placed the front and eastern flank of the church in a crossfire.

The batteries started firing at 9 AM, which failed to breach the church walls, so by 11 AM, Price ordered a storming of the church. Capt. Burgwin and Capt. McMillin charged the western flank of the church, while Capt. Agney, Lt. Boon, and Capt. Barber the northern wall. The roof of the church was set fire, but Capt. Burgwin was mortally wounded while moving through the corral at the front of the church. A hole was cut in the western wall which permitted shells to be thrown in by hand, while the 6-pounder was placed so it could fire grape into the town. By 3 PM, the 6-pounder was placed sixty yards from the church and widened the hole after ten rounds, after which it was placed ten yards away and fired three rounds of grape into the church. This allowed Lt. Dyer, Lt. Wilson and Taylor to take possession of the church, followed by the rebels abandoning the western part of the town.

Those trying to escape into the mountains were pursued by Capt. Slack and Capt. St. Vrain, killing many before night fell. The rebels surrendered the next day, giving up one of the insurrection leaders, Tomas Romero, a Pueblo Indian.

Aftermath
Two of the accused rebellion leaders, Pablo Montoya and Tomás Romero, were captured in the fighting. Romero was shot by Private Fitzgerald in the guard room at Don Fernando before being brought to trial. Montoya was convicted of treason and hanged at Don Fernando on 7 Feb. Later trials resulted in 14 additional public hangings.

Later skirmishes occurred at the Red River Canyon Affair, the Las Vegas Affair and the Taos Affair.

title: Siege of Pueblo de Taos


text:
Filoimea Telito

Sir Filoimea Telito (19 March 1945 – 11 July 2011) was a political and religious figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu. He was born on Vaitupu where he attended Elisefou (New Ellice) primary school. He later attended King George V Secondary School in Tarawa, Kiribati.

Background
He served as principal of the Motufoua Secondary School on Vaitupu island, and was a pastor in the Church of Tuvalu (Ekalesia Klisiano Tuvalu), of which he eventually became the president, a position which he held until his death. In 1996, Telito was honoured for his services to education and the community by being made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE).

Governor-General of Tuvalu
On 15 April 2005 he took office as Governor-General of Tuvalu as the representative of Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu. He stepped down in 2010. In January 2007, Telito was made a Knight Grand Cross of Order of Saint Michael and Saint George (GCMG) by Queen Elizabeth II. Herewith he resumed the practice by Governors-General of Tuvalu of accepting a knighthood, a practice discontinued on a personal basis by his predecessor to that office, Faimalaga Luka.

Death
He died on 11 July 2011 of a heart attack, and was buried in Funafuti three days later. All government activity ceased on the day of the funeral, in a sign of respect.

title: Filoimea Telito


text:
Aricia

Aricia can refer to:

 * Aricia (butterfly), a genus of butterflies
 * Aricia (Celtic), historical figure in ancient Britain
 * Aricia (mythology), a minor figure in Greek mythology
 * Aricia, Italy
 * Hippolytus and Aricia, an opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau
 * MV Aricia, an Okanagan Lake ferry

title: Aricia


text:
User talk:Ramondelrio

Welcome to the Wikipedia
I noticed you were new, and wanted to share some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
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For more information click  here . You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Sam Spade 21:12, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ramondelrio


text:
New People's Liberation Movement

The New People's Liberation Movement was a political party in Montserrat led by John Osborne.

History
The NPLM was established in 2001 by a merger of the People's Progressive Alliance and the Movement for National Reconstruction, with PPA leader John Osborne becoming leader of the new party. In the elections later that year, it received 52% of the vote and won seven of the nine seats in the Legislative Council, resulting in Osborne becoming Chief Minister.

In the 2006 elections the party was reduced to three seats. Although it was able to form a coalition government with the Montserrat Democratic Party (which had one seat) and an independent MP, Osborne stepped down as Chief Minister and MDP leader Lowell Lewis became Chief Minister.

title: New People's Liberation Movement


text:
HM Prison Manchester

HM Prison Manchester is a Category A and B men's prison in Manchester, England, operated by His Majesty's Prison Service. It is still commonly referred to as Strangeways, which was its former official name derived from the area in which it is located, until it was rebuilt following a major riot in 1990.

It is a local prison, holding prisoners remanded into custody from courts in the Manchester area and Category A prisoners (those held under maximum security conditions).

The prison featured an execution chamber prior to the abolition of capital punishment in the United Kingdom in the 1960s; the last execution at the prison took place in 1964.

Strangeways was designed by Alfred Waterhouse and opened in 1868 alongside the demolished Manchester Assize Courts. The prison is known for its prominent ventilation tower and imposing design, structured by the principles of the separate system.

History
Construction of the Grade II listed prison was completed in 1869, to replace the New Bailey Prison in Salford, which closed in 1868. The prison, designed by Alfred Waterhouse in 1862 with input from Joshua Jebb, cost £170,000 and had a capacity of 1,000 inmates. Its 234 ft tall ventilation tower (often mistaken for a watchtower) has become a local landmark. The prison's walls, which are rumoured to be 16 feet thick, are said to be impenetrable from either inside or out.

The prison has an element of the separate system with its plan in the form of a star or a snowflake, with two blocks housing ten wings that emanate from a central core where the ventilation tower is situated. The prison consists of two radial blocks branching from the central core with a total of ten wings (A to F in one block, and G, H, I, and K in the second).

The jail was built on the grounds of Strangeways Park and Gardens, from which it was named. Strangeways was recorded in 1322 as Strangwas from the Anglo-Saxon Strang and gewæsc meaning "[a place by] a stream with a strong current".

The prison was open to male and female prisoners until 1963 when the facility became male-only, and in 1980 it began to accept remand prisoners. As of 2005 the prison held more than 1,200 inmates.

As a place of execution
Originally, the prison contained an execution shed in B wing and after World War I a special execution room and cell for the condemned criminal was built. Strangeways was one of the few prisons to have permanent gallows. The first execution at Strangeways was that of twenty-year-old murderer Michael Johnson, who was hanged by William Calcraft on 29 March 1869.

Twenty-nine hangings took place over the next twenty years and 71 took place in the 20th century, bringing the total number to 100. During the second half of the century, the number of executions decreased, with no hangings between 1954 and 28 November 1962, when James Smith was executed. John Robson Walby (alias Gwynne Owen Evans), one of the last two people to be hanged in England, was executed here on 13 August 1964. Out of the 100 hangings, four were double hangings, while the rest were done individually. The "quickest hanging" of James Inglis, in seven seconds, carried out by Albert Pierrepoint, took place here.

Other executions

 * John Jackson was executed on 7 August 1879.
 * Mary Ann Britland (38) was executed on 9 August 1886 for the murder of two family members and her neighbour. She was the first woman to be executed at the prison.
 * Thom Davies was hanged on 9 January 1889 for sexual deviancy charges.
 * Lieutenant Frederick Rothwell Holt was hanged on 13 April 1920 for the murder of twenty-six-year-old Kathleen Breaks.
 * Louie Calvert was hanged on 24 June 1926.
 * Doctor Buck Ruxton was executed on 12 May 1936 for the murder of his wife. A petition for clemency was signed by 10,000 people, both sympathetic locals with high regard for this "people's doctor" and abolitionists who mounted a large demonstration on the day of his execution.
 * Margaret Allen was hanged on 12 January 1949 by Albert Pierrepoint for the murder of an elderly widower. Her execution was the first of a woman in Britain for 12 years and the third execution of a woman at Strangeways.
 * After the seven second hanging, Albert Pierrepoint executed Louisa May Merrifield on 18 September 1953. She was the fourth and last woman to be executed at the prison.

The bodies of executed criminals were buried in unmarked graves within the prison walls, as was the custom. During prison rebuilding work in 1991, the remains of 63 executed prisoners (of which 45 were identifiable) were exhumed from unmarked graves in the prison cemetery and cremated at Blackley Crematorium in Manchester. The cremated remains were re-interred in two graves (plot C2710 and C2711) at the adjacent cemetery.

The following people were hanged at Manchester Prison between 1869 and 1964:

Strangeways riots
Between 1 April and 25 April 1990, 147 staff and 47 prisoners were injured in a series of riots by prison inmates. There was one fatality among the prisoners, and one prison officer died from heart failure. Much of the old prison was damaged or destroyed in the rioting. Several inmates were charged with various offences, and Paul Taylor and Alan Lord faced a five-month trial as ringleaders.

The riots resulted in the Woolf Inquiry, and the prison was rebuilt and renamed Her Majesty's Prison, Manchester. Repair and modernisation cost more than £80 million after the riot, and rebuilding was completed in 1994.

The prison post-1994
The prison is a high-security category A prison for adult males and has a maximum capacity of 1,269 as of 4 August 2008. Operation of the prison was put out to tender in 1994 and 2001. Accommodation is divided into nine wings in two radial blocks. Cells are a mixture of single and double occupancy, all having in-cell power points and integral sanitation.

The prison has become known for a high suicide rate following its reopening in 1994. From 1993 to 2003, Strangeways prison had the second highest number of suicides among inmates of any prison in the United Kingdom and, in 2004, Strangeways had the highest number of suicides in the country.

Education and vocational training is provided by the Manchester College. Courses offered include information technology, ESOL, numeracy, industrial cleaning, bricklaying, painting and decorating, plastering, textiles and laundry. The prison's gym runs courses in physical education and offers recreational sport and fitness programmes.

In 2015, The Daily Telegraph reported that a drone aircraft was being used in an attempt to deliver drugs and smartphones to precise locations within the prison.

In 2016, Nicky Reilly, also known as Mohammed Saeed Alim, a Muslim convert was found dead in his cell after hanging himself. Reilly had a chronic history of self harm, and it was also known that he was autistic and had a personality disorder. A jury decided it was "more likely than not" that he did not intend to die and "acted impulsively." It is unclear if Reilly understood the concept of death or could form the intent to die. Senior coroner, Joanne Kearsley said evidence given at the court raised "significant concerns." Kearsley said she was not convinced the prison had a clear plan and awareness of his needs and she questioned why he was not under a care programme approach (CPA) where care coordinators are given to individual prisoners. The coroner asked whether a type of review should be considered for prisoners with recognised lifelong mental health problems and chronic risk of self-harm.

In 2017, a report by the Independent Monitoring Board described Manchester Prison as squalid, vermin infested and reminiscent of Dickensian England. The report added that the prison urgently needed modernisation and assaults on staff have risen owing to staff shortages.

In 2022, Manchester City Council leader Bev Craig called on the Ministry of Justice (MoJ) to move HMP Manchester elsewhere in the region, as the building is "not suitable for the significant remodelling or expansion it would need to meet modern-day requirements for a prison". However, the MoJ said there were "no plans to close or relocate" the jail.

Notable inmates

 * Joey Barton, footballer jailed for assault.
 * Brendan Behan, Irish republican, playwright and poet, imprisoned in Strangeways in 1947 for attempting to free an IRA prisoner.
 * Ian Brady, held for theft prior to the Moors murders.
 * Mark Bridger – a paedophile who abducted and murdered a 5-year-old girl. Was held at Strangeways on remand; moved to HM Prison Wakefield after being sentenced.
 * David Britton, author of Lord Horror, the last publication to be banned under the Obscene Publications Act.
 * Charles Bronson, a criminal who has been referred to in the British press as the "most violent prisoner in Britain" and "Britain's most notorious prisoner".
 * Ian Brown, musician and singer-songwriter jailed for "air rage". Wrote three songs inside: "Free My Way", "So Many Soldiers", and "Set My Baby Free". Released in December 1999.
 * Valdo Calocane, perpetrator of the 2023 Nottingham attacks in which three people were stabbed to death and three others were injured. Held at HMP Manchester briefly whilst awaiting trial before later being transferred to Ashworth Hospital.
 * Thomas Cashman, convicted of shooting dead nine-year-old girl in Liverpool in August 2022.
 * Connor Chapman, the gunman from the Christmas Eve 2022 Wallasey pub shooting.
 * Dale Cregan, held there on remand whilst awaiting trial for murder.
 * Emily Davison, suffragette, sentenced to a month's hard labour in 1909 after throwing rocks at the carriage of chancellor David Lloyd George. Hunger strike led to force feeding. Blockaded herself in her cell and sued Strangeways for using a water cannon.
 * David Dickinson, TV presenter specialising in antiques, imprisoned for fraud in pre-celebrity days.
 * James Inglis, the world's fastest hanging.
 * Benjamin Mendy, French football player.
 * Christabel Pankhurst, suffragette, was held for a week.
 * Gordon Park, convicted in 2005 of murdering his first wife, Carol Park, in 1976.
 * Harold Shipman, serial killer, who was held there on remand whilst awaiting trial.
 * Reynhard Sinaga, an Indonesian serial rapist found guilty of assaulting 48 men, including 136 counts of rape.
 * Kiaran Stapleton, shot dead Indian international student in December 2011.
 * Ray Teret – former radio DJ and friend of Jimmy Savile convicted of a series of sexual offences, including seven rapes, for which he was sentenced to 25 years in prison. Died at HMP Manchester in 2021.
 * Catherine Tolson and Helen Tolson, suffragette sisters imprisoned in 1909 for breaking glass at White City in Manchester.

Cultural references

 * "Strangeways", a track on the 1987 rock album The House of Blue Light by Deep Purple.
 * Strangeways, Here We Come, 1987 album by The Smiths.
 * Strangeways, Here We Come, a 2017 comedy drama filmed in Salford.
 * 'Mad' Frankie Fraser (1982) was held on 'A' Wing and excused boots for supposed fallen arches.
 * Eric Allison (1970) went on to be The Guardian Prison Reporter and author of A Serious Disturbance, an account of the Strangeways Riot. A chapter of Eric's book was written by former Strangeways Hospital Officer John G. Sutton.
 * In the song "There Goes a Tenner" from the album The Dreaming, Kate Bush sings of being "a star in Strangeways". The song is about a botched bank robbery.
 * The song "Fallowfield Hillbilly", from the album St. Jude by Manchester band The Courteeners, refers to Strangeways and the type of people that "indie snobs" perceive to be its inmates.
 * In the comic Hellblazer, issue 34 (October 1990), the main character John Constantine refers to Strangeways prison "exploding with [excrement] and blood," and describes its holding cells as "Victorian pressure cookers" into which government officials who turn a blind eye should be squeezed to "see what pops out of [their] pimple."
 * In his poem "Are You the Business?", John Cooper Clarke asks "Is Strangeways full of prisoners?".
 * In the TV series Shameless, Frank Gallagher often refers to his time in Strangeways.
 * In the TV series Beautiful People, Debbie Doonan, who dislikes the police, shouts to an officer "them blokes from Strangeways had the right idea," a reference to the Strangeways Prison riot.
 * Graham Fellows, in his comedic persona of John Shuttleworth, wrote a song that began, "You're like Manchester, you've got strange ways".
 * "Strangeways Hotel", a song by Mike Harding.
 * In the book Pollen by Mancunian author Jeff Noon two of the central characters visit Strangeways in order to speak to a prisoner. The prison has become a "Virtual" (sic) prison, where the inmates are kept locked in drawers on large amounts of a psychoactive drug that puts them into a permanent, pleasant dreamlike state.
 * Strangeways was the name of the "prison cat" in the 1960 movie Two-Way Stretch, a comedy set inside a fictitious Manchester Prison which starred Peter Sellers, Lionel Jefferies and Wilfrid Hyde-White.
 * In an episode of Hancock's Half Hour, Bill Kerr defends Sid James's character with the words - "He's not a criminal - he's just got strange ways."
 * In the Welsh sitcom High Hopes, Richard 'Fagin' Hepplewhite served eight years in Strangeways for second degree murder.

title: HM Prison Manchester


text:
National Progressive Party (Montserrat)

The National Progressive Party (NPP) was a political party in the British Overseas Territory of Montserrat led by Reuben Meade.

History
The NPP was established in 1991. In the elections later that year it won four of the seven seats in the Legislative Council, resulting in Meade becoming Chief Minister.

The 1996 elections saw the party reduced to a single seat. It subsequently joined a coalition government with the Movement for National Reconstruction (MNR) and an independent MP, with MNR leader Bertrand Osborne becoming Chief Minister.

The NPP won two seats in the 2001 elections, in which the New People's Liberation Movement won the remaining seven seats in an enlarged National Assembly. The party was subsequently dissolved in 2005, when Meade formed the Movement for Change and Prosperity.

title: National Progressive Party (Montserrat)


text: User talk:68.149.194.246

title: User talk:68.149.194.246


text: User:Saketh

title: User:Saketh


text:
Custom software

Custom software (also known as bespoke software or tailor-made software) is software that is developed specifically for some specific organization or other user. As such, it can be contrasted with the use of out-of-the-box software packages developed for the mass market, such as commercial off-the-shelf software, or existing free software.

Considerations
Since custom software is developed for a single customer it can accommodate that customer's particular preferences and expectations, which may not be the case for commercial off-the-shelf software. Custom software may be developed in an iterative processes, allowing all nuances and possible hidden risks to be taken into account, including issues which were not mentioned in the original requirement specifications (which are, as a rule, never perfect). In particular, the first phase in the software development process may involve many departments, including marketing, engineering, research and development and general management.

Large companies commonly develop custom software for critical functions, including content management, inventory management, customer management, human resource management, or otherwise to fill the gaps present in existing software packages. In many cases, such software is legacy software, developed before commercial off the shelf software or free software packages offering the required functionality with an acceptable level of quality or functionality became available or widely known. For example, the BBC spent a great deal of money on a project to develop its own custom digital media production and management software, but the project experienced troubles, and after many years of development, was cancelled. A key stated reason for the project cancellation was that it had become clear that commercial off-the-shelf software existed that was, by that point, adequate to the BBC's needs and available for a small fraction of the price.

Custom software development is often considered expensive compared to off-the-shelf solutions or products. This can be true if one is speaking of typical challenges and typical solutions. However, it is not always true. In many cases, commercial off the shelf software requires customization to correctly support the buyer's operations. The cost and delay of commercial off the shelf software customization can even add up to the expense of developing custom software.

Cost is also not the only consideration in the decision to develop custom software, as the requirements for a custom software project often includes the purchaser owning the source code, to secure the possibility of future improvement or modifications to the installed system to handle changing requirements. However, modern commercial off the shelf software often has application programming interfaces (APIs) for extensibility - or occasionally, as in the case of Salesforce.com, a domain-specific language (DSL) - meaning that commercial off the shelf software packages can sometimes accommodate quite a wide variety of customisations without the need to access source code of the core commercial off the shelf software system.

Additionally, commercial off the shelf software comes with upfront license costs which vary enormously, but sometimes run into the millions of US dollars. Furthermore, the big software houses that release commercial off the shelf software products revamp their product very frequently. Thus a particular customization may need to be upgraded for compatibility every two to four years. Given the cost of customization, such upgrades can also turn out to be expensive, as a dedicated product release cycle may have to be earmarked for them. However, in theory, the use of documented APIs and/or DSLs, as opposed to direct access to internal database tables and code modules, for customization can minimize the cost of these upgrades. This is because commercial off the shelf software vendors can opt to use techniques such as:
 * making "under the hood" changes while retaining backward compatibility with customizations written for older API or DSL version(s)
 * supporting old API version(s) and new API versions simultaneously in a new version of the software
 * publishing guidance warning that support for old API or DSL versions is to be removed from the product in a subsequent version, to give customers more time to adapt customizations.

The decision to build a custom software or go for a commercial off the shelf software implementation would usually rest on one or more of the following factors:
 * Finance - both cost and benefit: The upfront license cost for commercial off the shelf software products mean that a thorough cost-benefit analysis of the business case needs to be done. However it is widely known that large custom software projects cannot fix all three of scope, time/cost and quality constant, so either the cost or the benefits of a custom software project will be subject to some degree of uncertainty - even disregarding the uncertainty around the business benefits of a feature that is successfully implemented.
 * Supplier - In the case of commercial off the shelf software, is the supplier likely to remain in business long, and will there be adequate support and customisation available? Alternatively, will there be a realistic possibility of getting support and customisation from third parties? In the case of custom software, the software development may be outsourced or done in-house. If it is outsourced, the question is: is the supplier reputable, and do they have a good track record?
 * Time to market: commercial off the shelf software products usually have a quicker time to market
 * Size of implementation: commercial off the shelf software comes with standardization of business processes and reporting. For a global or national organisation, these can bring in gains in cost savings, efficiency and productivity, if the branch offices are all willing and able to use the same commercial off the shelf software without heavy customisations (which is not always a given).

Construction
The construction industry uses custom software to manage projects, track changes, and report progress. Depending on the project, the software is modified to suit the particular needs of a project owner, the design team, and the general and trade contractors.

Project-specific data is used in other ways to suit the unique requirements of each project. Custom software accommodates a project team's particular preferences and expectations, making it suitable for most construction processes and challenges:
 * design development
 * tender calls
 * document control
 * shop drawing approvals
 * changes management
 * inspections and commissioning
 * way-finding

Custom software developers use various platforms, like FileMaker Pro, to design and develop custom software for the construction industry and for other industries.

Hospitals
Hospitals can keep electronic health records and retrieve them any time. This enables a doctor and his or her assistants to transfer the details of a patient through a network.

Keeping patients' blood groups in a hospital database makes the search for suitable blood quicker and easier.

Hospitals also use billing software, especially in their dispensaries.

Places of education
Schools use custom software to keep admission details of students. They produce Transfer Certificates also. Some governments develop special software for all of their schools. Sampoorna is a school management system project implemented by the Education Department of Government of Kerala, India to automate the system and process of over 15,000 schools in the state. These projects brings a uniformity for the schools.

Retail
Billing is a common use of custom software. Custom software is often used by small shops, supermarkets and wholesale sellers to handle inventory details and to generate bills.

Major project overruns and failures
Failures and cost overruns of government IT projects have been extensively investigated by UK Members of Parliament and officials; they have had a rich seam of failures to examine, including:
 * The NHS National Programme for IT
 * Rural Payments Agency computer systems. On 15 March 2006 the Chief Executive Johnson McNeil was sacked when a deadline of 14 February for calculating Single Payment Scheme entitlements was missed.
 * Universal Credit - the first trial could not even perform the most basic functions correctly; behind schedule and reportedly the project has been restarted.
 * 1992 - LASCAD - the London Ambulance Service's new computer-aided despatch system - temporary crashes causing delays in routing ambulances. A previous attempt to develop a custom despatch system for the London Ambulance Service had also been scrapped.

Advantages and disadvantages
When a business is considering a software solution the options are generally between creating a spreadsheet (which is often done in Microsoft Excel), obtaining an off-the-shelf product, or having custom software created specifically to meet their needs. There are five main criteria involved in selecting the correct solution: Although initial assessments of the options according to these criteria may deviate sharply from the reality of the eventual solution when put into practice, due to factors such as cost overruns, insufficient training, poor product fit, reliability of the solution, etc.

These factors need to take into account the running of the business, its industry, size and turnover. As such the decision can only be made on a business-by-business basis to determine if it warrants a custom development, as well as ownership of the software.

Advantages
Custom software will generally produce the most efficient system as it can provide support for the specific needs of the business, which might not be available in an off-the-shelf solution and will provide greater efficiency or better customer service.

Given a suitable approach to development, such as DSDM, custom software will also produce the best or most well-targeted service improvement. Businesses can tailor the software to what their customers want instead of having to choose a package that caters for a generic market. For example, one printing business may want software that responds in the shortest time, whereas another printing company may focus on producing the best results; as these two objectives often conflict, an off-the-shelf package will normally sit somewhere in the middle whereas with custom software each business can focus on their target audience.

Although not always the most suitable for larger or more complex projects, a spreadsheet allows less technical staff at a business to modify the software directly and get results faster. Custom software can be even more flexible than spreadsheets as it is constructed by software professionals that can implement functionality for a wide range of business needs.

Disadvantages
The main disadvantages of custom software are development time and cost. With a spreadsheet or an off-the-shelf software package, a user can get benefits quickly. With custom software, a business needs to go through a software development process that may take weeks, months, or with bigger projects, years. Bugs accidentally introduced by software developers, and thorough testing to iron out bugs, may impede the process and cause it to take longer than expected. However, spreadsheets and off-the-shelf software packages may also contain bugs, and moreover because they may be deployed at a business without formal testing, these bugs may slip through and cause business-critical errors.

Custom software is often several times the cost of the other two options, and will normally include an ongoing maintenance cost. This will often make custom software infeasible for smaller businesses. These higher costs can be insignificant in larger businesses where small efficiency increases can relate to large labour cost savings or where custom software offers a large efficiency boost.

Hybrid model
Particularly with modern cloud software, a hybrid model of custom software is possible in which the main focus is on the commercial off the shelf software - mainly the mismatch between its features, functions and the business requirements, preferences and expectations. The idea here is to buy a commercial off the shelf software which satisfies maximum number of requirement and develop custom software (extensions or add-ons) to fill the gaps left by it. This is the standard approach used when implementing SAP ERP, for example.

title: Custom software


text:
System Packet Interface

The System Packet Interface (SPI) family of Interoperability Agreements from the Optical Internetworking Forum specify chip-to-chip, channelized, packet interfaces commonly used in synchronous optical networking and Ethernet applications. A typical application of such a packet level interface is between a framer (for optical network) or a MAC (for IP network) and a network processor. Another application of this interface might be between a packet processor ASIC and a traffic manager device.

Context
There are two broad categories of chip-to-chip interfaces. The first, exemplified by PCI-Express and HyperTransport, supports reads and writes of memory addresses. The second broad category carries user packets over 1 or more channels and is exemplified by the IEEE 802.3 family of Media Independent Interfaces and the Optical Internetworking Forum family of System Packet Interfaces. Of these last two, the family of System Packet Interfaces is optimized to carry user packets from many channels. The family of System Packet Interfaces is the most important packet-oriented, chip-to-chip interface family used between devices in the Packet over SONET and Optical Transport Network, which are the principal protocols used to carry the internet between cities.

Specifications
The agreements are:
 * SPI-3 – Packet Interface for Physical and Link Layers for OC-48 (2.488 Gbit/s)
 * SPI-4.1 – System Physical Interface Level 4 (SPI-4) Phase 1: A System Interface for Interconnection Between Physical and Link Layer, or Peer-to-Peer Entities Operating at an OC-192 Rate (10 Gbit/s).
 * SPI-4.2 – System Packet Interface Level 4 (SPI-4) Phase 2: OC-192 System Interface for Physical and Link Layer Devices.
 * SPI-5 – Packet Interface for Physical and Link Layers for OC-768 (40 Gbit/s)
 * SPI-S – Scalable System Packet Interface - useful for interfaces starting with OC-48 and scaling into the Terabit range

History of the specifications
These agreements grew out of the donation to the OIF by PMC-Sierra of the POS-PHY interface definitions PL-3 and PL-4, which themselves came from the ATM Forum's Utopia definitions. These earlier definitions included:
 * Utopia Level 1, an 8 bit, 25 MHz interface supporting OC-3 and slower links (or multiple links aggregating to less than 200 Mbit/s).
 * Utopia Level 2, a 16 bit, 50 MHz interface supporting OC-12 or multiple links aggregating to less than 800 Mbit/s.

System Packet Interface or SPI as it is widely known is a protocol for packet and cell transfers between PHY and LINK layer devices in multi-gigabit applications. This protocol has been developed by Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF) and is fast emerging as one of the most important integration standards in the history of telecommunications and data networking. Devices implementing SPI are typically specified with line rates of 700~800 Mbit/s and in some cases up to 1 Gbit/s. The latest version is SPI 4 Phase 2 also known as SPI 4.2 delivers bandwidth of up to 16 Gbit/s for a 16 bit interface.

The Interlaken protocol, a close variant of SPI-5 replaced the System Packet Interface in the marketplace.

SPI 4.2
The SPI 4.2 interface is composed of high speed clock, control, and data lines and lower speed FIFO buffer status lines. The high speed data line include a 16-bit data bus, a 1 bit control line and a double data rate (DDR) clock. The clock can run up to 500 MHz, supporting up to 1 GigaTransfer per second. The FIFO buffer status portion consists of a 2 bit status channel and a clock. SPI 4.2 supports a data width of 16 bits and can be PHY-link, link-link, link-PHY or PHY-PHY connection. The SPI 4.2 interface supports up to 256 port addresses with independent flow control for each.

To ensure optimal use of the rx/tx buffers in devices connected with SPI interface, the RBUF/TBUF element size in those devices should match the SPI-4.2 data burst size.

title: System Packet Interface


text:
Talk:Lady Jessica

image
Can we update the image to the 2020 version? Since the original content is 30 years old? Triosdeity (talk) 10:29, 10 October 2021 (UTC)

 * agreed DuneEnjoyer333 (talk) 02:33, 18 May 2024 (UTC)

 * Hi, it appears whatever image you uploaded was deleted because it was a copyrighted image incorrectly uploaded to Commons, which is for free images. Anyway, the current photo (Francesca Annis) has been in the article and considered definitive of the character since 2006, so any change should be discussed here and not made without consensus. Thanks! — TAnthonyTalk 16:10, 18 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I mean how do we make a consensus DuneEnjoyer333 (talk) 19:58, 18 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Do we just call a vote here and see who replies? Doesn't seem to be a super active article DuneEnjoyer333 (talk) 20:01, 18 May 2024 (UTC)
 * @TAnthony Before I call a consensus vote, what are your objections to changing the image to the more recent actor? I understand there was an older version of the character but the Dune from the 80's was no where near as sucessful (nor influential) as the 2021 version. As proof of this, id like to point out it won 6 academy awards and made by far, even adjusting for inlfation, more money than the 80's dune. I don't think the majority of people would think the old version of this character is the best representation, similar to Paul Atreides. DuneEnjoyer333 (talk) 19:58, 19 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Honestly, I LOVE the new films and Rebecca Ferguson, but the success of the film itself doesn't necessarily get transferred onto all of its elements and characters. In my opinion, the 1984 Jessica is very definitive and visually interesting. What photo of Ferguson would you choose? It's common in comic book and soap opera articles to use "the most recent" representation of a character but elsewhere not so much. It's interesting you mention Paul Atreides because that image was changed without wide consensus, which led to a giant battle over whether or not there should be a non-free photo at all, and sort of revealed that some people were unhappy with the change. Anyway, my personal "vote" on an image change would depend on which one you're suggesting.— TAnthonyTalk 22:39, 19 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I would disagree. I understand that the 1984 is more visually interesting but I really kind of doubt that most people would associate that image as Lady Jessica today. I think that it would be safe to say that not nearly as many people have seen the original Dune so when they saw the movie in theaters, thats who they assicoate as Lady Jessica. In terms of which image precisely, I could offer a few ideas and we see which one people like the best.
 * In short, my position is just that I think we should put the new actress up simply because its more recognizable to the majority of people, due in large part to the success of the film.
 * I think we have several great options to choose from:
 * Option 1: This is from the Dune wiki, we might be able to do something similar where we have the different variants of her that can be toggeled with a simple button: reducing potential clutter. https://dune.fandom.com/wiki/Jessica_Atreides
 * Option 2:  https://ew.com/thmb/f4UbBdBeAgFsxfaHHP38n11Ku74=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc:format(webp)/Dune-Two-022324-565003af9eb64d159f60c2c51e4b48e5.jpg
 * This comes from this article: https://ew.com/how-dune-part-two-handles-alia-jessica-pregnancy-8599667
 * Option 3
 * This is from the Italian Wikipedia, its just the main image
 * https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Jessica DuneEnjoyer333 (talk) 22:58, 19 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I would personally vote for Option 2, as I think it shows her character the best. If that one doesnt work for copyright reasons id go with Option 3 DuneEnjoyer333 (talk) 23:01, 19 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Yeah 1 or 2 are what I would call definitive. Copyright wise they're the same, non-free like the current one.— TAnthonyTalk 00:10, 20 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I thank you for working with me on this, I'm fairly new to Wikipedia, do we wait a few days to see if anyone else has input and if not, call option 2 "consensus?" DuneEnjoyer333 (talk) 00:13, 20 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Hi, I'll draft a more concise proposal for you below, and then post some notifications. An image change is a relatively small matter, but it should have a discussion in this case because it's potentially controversial. However, it's not something that has the kind of impact to require global input in a more formal discussion. For your future knowledge, it's fine to notify other editors about a discussion with the intent of getting more participation toward a consensus, but you must avoid WP:CANVASSING, which is making notifications in such a way as to attempt to influence the potential results. For example, only notifying editors you believe may agree with a certain argument, or wording your notification in such a way as to convince others of something. It best just to post a generic notification on talk pages where you expect to find editors interested in participating. Also, in these discussions editors typically "vote" with comments, like this:
 * Change to Option 17, the red carpet photo is the best depiction of Abraham Lincoln. — AbeLover45
 * Keep existing photo, which is more current. — NotSoFastMister
 * Thanks!— TAnthonyTalk 17:15, 20 May 2024 (UTC)

Proposed infobox image change
Per their comments above, DuneEnjoyer333 is proposing that the infobox image for this article be changed from the Francesca Annis 1984 version to Rebecca Ferguson from the current Villeneuve films. Their suggestions are as follows:

DuneEnjoyer333, I don't want to improperly paraphrase your comments above, so please feel free to "vote" and comment here. Thanks.— TAnthonyTalk 17:31, 20 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Option 1: Dune 2 - Tattooed Jessica 1, from the Dune wiki
 * Option 2: Dune 2 - Tattooed Jessica 2 from Entertainment Weekly
 * Option 3: Dune 1 - Jessica with blue scarf from the Italian Wikipedia
 * Option 3 v2: Dune 1 - Jessica with blue scarf v2 from Den of Geek
 * Option 2 I personally think is best (and would be my vote out of the 3). I think it shows her character in a way defined enough that most people would automatically recognize her.
 * Thanks for helping me with this btw@TAnthony you're awesome man DuneEnjoyer333 (talk) 17:46, 20 May 2024 (UTC)

 * I'd prefer Option 3 or something like it because the character does not get tattooed until the second film, and I think in general the first prominent appearance is appropriate enough. Plus I feel like we could possibly show something like Option 1/2 in the article body if there is critical commentary for the tattooed look. Erik (talk | contrib) (ping me) 19:10, 20 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Keep the current 1984 image, but I'm intrigued by Erik's idea of incorporating the 2024 tattoo Jessica (Option 2) with sourced commentary into the article itself. I'm going to overthink this for you now LOL. The Francesca Annis version of Jessica is the first adaptation and very iconic/distinctive. I love Rebecca Ferguson, but her looks from the 2021 film don't jump out insofar as they're just the actress in simple couture, and don't look much different than the Commons image we already have of Ferguson as herself. The tattoo image is spectacular and distinctive, but is too specific for the infobox, as it doesn't quite represent the character as a whole. Erik's idea is genius, because we can use two images of actresses in character instead of one and not violate NFCC, and the body of the article is perfect for the Part Two representation. I've expanded the Villenueve films section of the article, and think Option 2 would fit right in there.— TAnthonyTalk 14:55, 21 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I like Erik's idea but I think I know a way it could be done better. I agree the tattooed version is specific but I think showing the 80's version of Jessica isn't the best move because way less people saw that film. It's less about how much money whatever the film made is and more about how many people associate what character with that actress.
 * I think there could be a compromise here. Similar to how the Dune wiki has a 'toggle' button to see different actors, we could do the same thing. I know the code exists because the map for the USA has 3 buttons on it. I think this could work out well, unless that violates some weird Wikipedia rule I don't know about lol. As for which image, I'd still prefer option 2, but I think I found a better version of option 3 if we wanna do that. I could support this version of option 3:
 * JessicaOption3version2
 * What do y'all think? @Erik@TAnthony DuneEnjoyer333 (talk) 02:45, 22 May 2024 (UTC)
 * See option 1 website on lady Jessica for reference of what specifically I mean for "actor toggling" DuneEnjoyer333 (talk) 02:48, 22 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Also for some reason my "Option 3 Version 2" link broke so here's a more direct link:
 * https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FDmENo8WEAYF_3V.jpg DuneEnjoyer333 (talk) 02:51, 22 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately WP:NFCC requires that we use as few non-free images as possible, which in this case would be one in the infobox. Your toggle idea would be a violation. Erik's idea creates the loophole of being able to use a second image because the reliably sourced commentary in the article discusses the tattoo look.— TAnthonyTalk 03:03, 22 May 2024 (UTC)
 * In that case I would vote for Version 3 V2 as the main image, but I just don't think the 80's version is the best representation of the character. I get putting it in the body is an alternative (and maybe we could do that as well) but I just think the main image could be done better. I understand how important the first actress was and have respect for her (and her performance!), but I'm just thinking best modern representation here. DuneEnjoyer333 (talk) 03:16, 22 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I don't like calling it a loophole. I genuinely believe the first full appearance is proper. The tattooed look, if anything, is a disguise that the character takes on to manipulate the Fremen to favor Paul. This has the director commenting on the tattooed look, "She’s trying to play on the symbolism that was put in the prophecy. She’s supposed to be the mother of the Messiah, so I wanted to bring the idea that she was like the pope of the reverend mothers on Arrakis. There’s some kind of madness in writing elements of the prophecies on her face. Frankly, I think when you drink the worm poison, it affects your sanity — and the same with Paul. I like the idea that we feel she's going too far." With that being the case, tattooed Jessica in the infobox does not seem that representative. Erik (talk | contrib) (ping me) 15:08, 22 May 2024 (UTC)
 * what do you think of option 3 V2? @Erik DuneEnjoyer333 (talk) 15:50, 22 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I think it works well. I'd support that. Erik (talk | contrib) (ping me) 16:45, 22 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Just to clarify, you prefer replacing the current 1984 image with one form the new film?— TAnthonyTalk 17:05, 22 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes, I think the infobox should have Ferguson-as-Jessica regardless. I prefer Option 3 V2 so far. If Annis-as-Jessica has any critical commentary, it could exist in the article body. Erik (talk | contrib) (ping me) 17:34, 22 May 2024 (UTC)

 * Keep the current. It's mostly a personal taste area, but what can you do. Also, older portrayal that has been commented on longer. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 14:12, 22 May 2024 (UTC)

 * Option 2 because I think audiences mostly define Lady Jessica as the tattooed version of her character. I also really like Option 3 but I'm leaning more towards a tattooed version. I also meant to start a conversation about updating the image a few months ago but I never got around to it. Kokaynegeesus (talk) 04:57, 27 May 2024 (UTC)

 * Just wanted to say I love the compromise you made based off this discussion on the main page. Nice job man! @TAnthony DuneEnjoyer333 (talk) 13:26, 20 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Great, thanks! Sorry I meant to mention it in this discussion and forgot.— TAnthonyTalk 14:57, 20 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lady Jessica


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Dorset

Dorset
Mostly self-nom, and I've run out of changes to make (except the politics section which will change after the election in two weeks)! Buckinghamshire is an existing featured English county article, and I recon this one's reached that standard and more. Joe D (t) 21:20, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * (Well, Buckinghamshire is on WP:FARC and seems likely to be removed unless it improves sharpish...)

 * Object for now (I am having a bad hair day :) Dorset is quite nice, with some good images and references, but the lead is quite short: could you add some more flavour of the county (Jurassic coast, Chesil Beach, Portland, Isle of Purbeck; seaside resorts - Bournemouth, Poole, Weymouth, etc; Dorchester; Thomas Hardy).  Also, does it need the list of places at the end? Many are already mentioned, and there is a separate main article list.  There are some nit-picky details like links (Maiden Castle is not linked in history, for example) - and are you sure it is pronounced Dorsit - but I won't go on. -- ALoan (Talk) 22:27, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * OK, I've added another paragraph to the introduction summarising some of the most notable points about the county, I'm not entirely sure which things are considered the most famous by non-residents though, so there might be other points to add to that.
 * I'm really not sure about the list of places at the end, it's a standard feature of English county articles so it was there before I arrived. I've moved the complete list to the sub-page and cut this list down to what I consider to be the most notable, and I've been considering turning it into a short piece of prose summarising notable places, similar to how the settlements section is summarised.  If people think that would work better than a list I'll get on to it.
 * Dor+sit or Dawh+sit looks like how most people pronounce it to me. It should probably be converted to a phonetic alphabet, but I don't think I'm up to that.  Joe D (t) 22:46, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - thanks, I think that is good enough. I've copyedited slightly.  My only small caveat is that list at the end, but other this is good stuff, how Buckinghamshire and all the other counties should be. -- ALoan (Talk) 14:22, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment - I have added more links to other Wikipedias with the aid of this excellent tool. I reckon that wherever appropriate - it really only works on proper names - that should be good practice for FACs (though not an actionable objection if it's not done). --194.73.130.132 13:52, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The only one missing is fr:Dorset, which I will add. -- ALoan (Talk) 14:22, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I took out fr:Dorset - it's only a disambiguation page, and is correctly linked from Dorset (disambiguation). The French Wikipedia has no page on the county itself. The global search tool is smart (notice how it marks :fr as a disambiguation page), but not infallible. 194.73.130.132 16:18, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Support – good article but it would be better if you start with the ==History== or =Geography== sections first, to give the reader an idea of the place rather than its population statistics. == 17:49, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * 'tis done. -- ALoan (Talk) 19:34, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Support but agree with ALoan comments. --Briangotts 20:28, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Comment: I've removed the places of interest section in favour of a link to the full list in the see also section. If some of them are considered notable enough it might be possible to mention them somewhere in the main article. Joe D (t) 20:55, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Support, this is a good article. Rje 01:48, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. The politics section could do with a full list of parliamentary constituencies (and possibly a fuller discussion on its own page), but I dont think this counts against the nomination Andreww 06:56, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC).


text:
Wayfarers Chapel

Wayfarers Chapel, or "The Glass Church" was a chapel located in Rancho Palos Verdes, California. The chapel had unique organic architecture sited on a bluff above the Pacific Ocean. Affiliated with the Swedenborgian Church of North America, it served as a memorial to the 18th-century scientist and theosopher Emanuel Swedenborg.

History
The 100-seat church was designed by Lloyd Wright (son of Frank Lloyd Wright) in the late 1940s and was built between 1949 and 1951, at a cost of $25,000. Additions were built in later years, including a tower and a visitor center, the latter of which had been lost in a landslide during the 1960s. Because of its scenic location, the church is popular for weddings. In 1999, the chapel hosted 800 weddings.

In February 2024, the chapel’s leadership announced "the closure of Wayfarers Chapel and its surrounding property due to the accelerated land movement in our local area". The closure resulted in the cancellation of 175 events schedule for the following eight months. By April 2024, panes of glass in the chapel had broken, the foundation suffered significant damage, and walkways around the site were cracked and jagged. Officials said that they will not be able to restore the chapel on their property and are considering relocation. In May, the decision was made to begin to carefully deconstruct the structure in order to preserve as much of the original materials as possible, in collaboration with historic preservation experts and the National Park Service.

Architecture and design
As with many of Wright's buildings, the chapel features geometric designs and incorporates the natural landscape into the design. Wright departed from the tradition of using masonry in order to "achieve a delicate enclosure that allows the surrounding landscape to define the sacred space". In the 1950s, the chapel featured a hanging garden.

The Wayfarers Chapel is listed in the National Register of Historic Places, and was designated a National Historic Landmark for its architecture and landscaping in 2023.

In popular culture
The church was featured in the Fox teen drama television series The O.C., as the site of weddings and funerals. It was also featured briefly on the American science fiction television series Sliders, and in an episode of The Rockford Files (season 2, episode 10, "2 Into 5.56 Won't Go"). In addition, the chapel was part of the final marriage scene in Innerspace, and two episodes in season four of 90210. The chapel was featured in one of the final scenes in the 2014 movie Endless Love, as well as being featured in the ABC television series  Revenge. Marina and the Diamond's Baby music video's wedding scene was filmed at the chapel, and The CW show,  Lucifer. Pentatonix's video for the song Amazing Grace was filmed at the chapel.

Celebrities who were married at the church have included Jayne Mansfield and Mickey Hargitay (1958) as well as Brian Wilson and Melinda Ledbetter (1995).

title: Wayfarers Chapel


text:
Christopher Columbus High School (Miami-Dade County, Florida)

Christopher Columbus High School is a private Catholic college-preparatory high school conducted by the Marist Brothers in the Westchester area of Miami-Dade County, Florida. It was established in 1958 and transferred to the Marist Brothers in 1959. It has over 100 teachers, administrators, faculty, staff, and an enrollment of 1,700 students. It was selected, for the fourth time in a row, as one of the top 50 Catholic high schools in the United States by the Catholic High School Honor Roll in 2008.

History
In 1958, Christopher Columbus High School was built in an area that was then surrounded by Everglades swampland. The school was established by the Diocese of Miami at the request of the Archbishop of Miami Coleman F. Carroll to continue the secondary education program at St. Theresa Catholic School in Coral Gables.

The school opened with two and a half buildings and an enrollment of approximately 150 students. The Marist Brothers assumed the direction of the school in 1959. Presently the Columbus campus extends over 24 acres. In addition to the four major academic buildings, there is the Abraham Science Building, the Lawrence-Bell Media Center, the Howard Korth Music and Athletic Center, and the Mas Technology Complex. Athletic facilities include varsity athletic fields, a baseball complex, outdoor basketball courts, tennis courts, a gymnasium, track, and weight room.

In May 2018, Columbus High School made national headlines after controversy centered around the display of a live caged tiger during the school's "jungle-themed" prom. Videos and images captured the tiger pacing in a metal enclosure. The school's principal David Pugh expressed regret for the school administration decision to allow the use of animal entertainment, stating that it did not reflect the school's Catholic values.

Today, Columbus has an enrollment of approximately 1,700 students and over 15,000 alumni.

Columbus' rival school is the only other all-male, Roman Catholic school in Miami-Dade County, Belen Jesuit Preparatory School. The two schools' rivalry is often limited to athletics (though Columbus competes on the more competitive level across all sports), the rivalry often extends beyond sports and into local politics and culture.

Academics
In order to graduate, students require twenty-four credits and a grade point average (GPA) of at least 2.0. They must also complete one hundred hours of community service by the end of their senior year. The academics at Columbus are based on a phasing system: Phase 2 classes are for the academically challenged who require more time to absorb a given subject, Phase 3 classes are for average students, Phase 4 refers to honors classes for the academically gifted, and Phase 5 refers to Advanced Placement (AP) classes, which have a college-level format and where academically motivated students have the opportunity to gain college credit should they earn the proper score on the AP exam. Depending on a given phase of a class, a student will earn a certain number of points, which are then weighted and averaged to generate a student's GPA, the average GPA being a 3.2. Columbus has more students taking AP classes than any other Catholic school in Miami-Dade County and their passing averages on AP exams are five times higher than the state and national averages.

Curriculum design
Dual-enrollment classes are offered through St Thomas University, Barry University and Florida International University.

Students and faculty
The students are 84% Hispanic, 13% White, 2% African-American, and 1% combination of Asian/Pacific, Pacific Islander and Native American/Alaskan. The student-teacher ratio at Christopher Columbus High School is about 15:1. The professional staff includes 17 Marist Brothers, 100 laypersons; 2 librarians/media specialists and 9 counselors/advisors; 45% hold an advanced degree; 60% have over 20 years of teaching experience, and half have been with the school well over 15 years. Many Marist Brothers hold positions at Columbus including president, guidance counselors, career and college advisors, and teachers.

Clubs and social life
Although the school is an all-boy institution, the social formation of the students includes girls from neighboring co-ed St. Brendan High School in after-school clubs. Our Lady of Lourdes Academy, the Catholic all-girls sister school to Columbus, handles the cheerleading for the Columbus sports teams. Christopher Columbus High School also plays host to both Homecoming and Prom events each year for their students and their dates.

Columbus is home to one of the best broadcast journalism programs in the country (CCNN Live). They are four time Student Television Network National Crazy 8 champions. (2015,2016,2019,2023) They have also been recognized by the National Scholastic Press Association, Florida Scholastic Press Association, and National Federation of High School (NFHS). They have won 85 Suncoast Chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Student Production Awards (Emmys) and 15 National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences National Awards.

Athletics

A member of the Florida High School Activities Association and the Greater Miami Athletic Conference, Columbus is the only private school in the state of Florida to compete at the 8A level. At Columbus, students also compete in non GMAC clubs such as: Roller Hockey, Fishing, Scuba Diving, and Personal Fitness. Varsity level sports offered are: baseball, basketball, football, volleyball, hockey, soccer, bowling, cross country, golf, lacrosse, swimming, diving, tennis, track and field, water polo and wrestling.

Junior varsity level sports include: baseball, basketball, football, volleyball, hockey, soccer, wrestling and lacrosse. Freshman level sports offered are: baseball, basketball, football and volleyball.

In 2009, Christopher Columbus High School won the Dodge Sunshine Cup All-Sports Award for boys' athletics programs in Class 6A.

State championships

 * Baseball: 2003, 2015
 * Football: 2019, 2022 ,2023
 * Boys cross country: 1997, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2020
 * Boys tennis: 1987
 * Boys track and field: 2018, 2019
 * Boys soccer: 2014

 * Boys basketball: 2022, 2023, 2024

Additionally, Columbus won the Miami Herald's All-Dade Boys' Major Sports Award in 2008 and 2009.

Current head football coach Dave Dunn (American football) has led the team to two straight championships and former head football coach Chris Merritt (American football) was part of Team USA's coaching staff for the International Federation of American Football Junior World Championship in 2009. One player from Columbus competed on the team, which won the tournament.

Christopher Columbus' baseball program was ranked the number one baseball team in America during the 2009-2010 year. Currently, Columbus competes at the 8A division.

Law/public service

 * Richard Blanco - '85, U.S. inaugural poet
 * Raoul G. Cantero, III - '78, Justice of Florida Supreme Court
 * Carlos A. Gimenez - '72, U.S. Representative for Florida's 26th congressional district, Miami-Dade County Mayor, District 7 Commissioner, city manager and Fire Chief of Miami
 * Javier Fernandez - '94, State Representative for District 114 in the Florida House of Representatives, lawyer and public servant
 * Pedro José Greer - Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient
 * Victor E. Renuart, Jr. - '67, Air Force general, commander of United States Northern Command and North American Aerospace Defense Command
 * John D. Couriel - '93, Justice of Florida Supreme Court

Journalism/entertainment

 * Patrick Farrell - '77, photojournalist and Pulitzer Prize winner
 * Enrique Murciano - '91, actor, CBS drama Without a Trace and films Traffic, Speed 2: Cruise Control, The Lost City, Black Hawk Down
 * John M. Higgins - '79, journalist, business editor of Broadcasting & Cable
 * Carlos Maza - '06, journalist, formerly of Vox Media
 * Brian Regan - '76, American stand-up comedian
 * James F. O'Brien - '88, Oscar for Scientific and Technical Achievement

Business people

 * Marcus Lemonis - '91, entrepreneur, television personality and CEO of Camping World
 * Jorge Mas - '81, Chairman of MasTec
 * Carlos A. Rodriguez - '82, CEO of Automatic Data Processing & Board member of Automatic Data Processing and Hubell Inc.

Athletes

 * Eddy Alvarez - '08, 2014 Sochi Olympics Team USA member, short track speed skating; first Cuban-American male speedskater to go to Winter Olympics for USA
 * Augie Diaz - '72, world-class sailor

Baseball

 * Alex Rodriguez, Former MLB infielder (Seattle Mariners, Texas Rangers, New York Yankees)
 * Orestes Destrade - '80, player for Florida Marlins, New York Yankees, Pittsburgh Pirates and ESPN analyst on Baseball Tonight
 * Pedro Grifol - coach for Kansas City Royals
 * Jon Jay - '03, player for Chicago White Sox
 * Ed Lynch - '73, pitcher for New York Mets and general manager for Chicago Cubs
 * Paul Mainieri -'75, collegiate baseball and Baseball America's National Coach of the Year, led LSU to 2009 National Championship
 * Izzy Molina - '90, player for Oakland A's and Baltimore Orioles
 * Rob Murphy - '78, pitcher for Cincinnati Reds, Boston Red Sox, Seattle Mariners, Houston Astros, St. Louis Cardinals, New York Yankees, Los Angeles Dodgers and Florida Marlins; pitched collegiately for University of Florida
 * Andrew Suarez - '11, pitcher for the San Francisco Giants and for the Miami Hurricanes, selected in 2011 MLB Draft
 * Bryan Garcia - '13 - pitcher for the Detroit Tigers, and for the Miami Hurricanes, selected in the 2016 MLB draft

Football

 * Mario Cristobal - '88, University of Miami 2x National Champion ('89, '91), current University of Miami head coach
 * Joaquin Gonzalez - '97, offensive tackle for the Cleveland Browns, Indianapolis Colts, and the University of Miami
 * Brian Griese - '93, quarterback for Denver Broncos, Miami Dolphins and Chicago Bears, 1997 National Champion, University of Michigan
 * Alonzo Highsmith - '83, running back for the University of Miami, Houston Oilers, Dallas Cowboys, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers; professional boxer; currently personnel executive for the Seattle Seahawks
 * Carlos Huerta - '87, placekicker for Chicago Bears and the St. Louis Rams
 * Patrick Lee - '03, cornerback for Auburn University and the Green Bay Packers. 2011 Super Bowl champion
 * Mike Shula - '83, University of Alabama football coach, current quarterbacks coach for NFL Denver Broncos
 * Mike Whittington - '76, University of Notre Dame, New York Giants and Memphis Showboats linebacker
 * C. J. Henderson - '17, cornerback for Carolina Panthers
 * Josh Uche - '16, linebacker for New England Patriots
 * Deon Bush - '12, safety for Kansas City Chiefs
 * Tyler Harrell - '18, wide receiver for the Alabama Crimson Tide
 * Bobo Wilson - '13, former NFL player


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User talk:Pixelverde

Sarah Polley & Rick Salutin
What source did you get the Polley/Salutin romantic link from? Thanks! (You can reply to Talk:Samaritan.) Samaritan 21:21, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Salutin & Polley romantic link source...
I got it from someone who lived with one of them. Not news. Yet.

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Pixelverde! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 18:14, 16 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Theresa Burke -

Speedy deletion nomination of Rojasfilms

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title: User talk:Pixelverde


text: Category:Polish legends

title: Category:Polish legends


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Bi (jade)

The bi (璧) is a type of circular ancient Chinese jade artifact. The earliest bi were produced in the Neolithic period, particularly by the Liangzhu culture (3400–2250 BCE). Later examples date mainly from the Shang, Zhou and Han dynasties. They were also made in glass.

Description
A bi is a flat jade disc with a circular hole in the centre. Neolithic bi are undecorated, while those of later periods of China, like the Zhou dynasty, bear increasingly ornate surface carving (particularly in a hexagonal pattern) whose motifs represented deities associated with the sky (four directions) as well as standing for qualities and powers the wearer wanted to invoke or embody.

As laboriously crafted objects, they testify to the concentration of power and resources in the hands of a small elite.

Meaning
Later traditions associate the bi with heaven, and the cong with the earth. Bi discs are consistently found with heaven and earth-like imagery, suggesting that the disk's circular shape also bears symbolic significance as this description explains:

"It is found that these objects testify to early stages of development of cosmological concepts that remained important in Chinese culture during the Warring States and Han periods: the notion of a covering sky (gaitian) that revolves around a central axis, the cycle of the Ten Suns, and the use of an early form of the carpenter's square. These objects were handled by shamans who were the religious leaders of Liangzhu society and the transmitters of cosmological knowledge."

Function
From these earliest times they were buried with the dead, as a sky symbol, accompanying the dead into the after world or "sky", with the cong which connected the body with the earth. They were placed ceremonially on the body in the grave of persons of high social status. Bi are sometimes found near the stomach and chest in neolithic burials.

Jade, like bi disks, has been used throughout Chinese history to indicate an individual of moral quality, and has also served as an important symbol of rank. They were used in worship and ceremony – as ceremonial items they symbolised the ranks of emperor, king, duke, marquis, viscount, and baron with four different guis and two different bi disks.

In war during the Zhou dynasty period (c. 1046–256 BCE), bi disks belonging to the leaders of the defeated forces were handed over to the victor as a sign of submission.

Scholars "are unsure of their exact use or meaning".

Qianlong Emperor and the bi
In 1790 AD, the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty had an ancient bi inscribed with a message. He also wrote a poem entitled: "Verses Composed on Matching a Ding-ware Ceramic with an Ancient Jade Bowl Stand". It reads as follows: "It is said there were no bowls in antiquity / but if so, then where did this stand come from? It is said that this stand dates to later times / but the jade is antique. It is also said that a bowl called wan is the same as a basin called yu, but only differing from it in size". He also wrote: "This stand is made of ancient jade / but the jade bowl that once went with it is long gone. As one cannot show a stand without a bowl / we have selected a ceramic from the Ding kiln for it". He has also included the day, and year on the disc. The Qianlong emperor assumed the bi was a bowl stand, so he found a bowl and engraved it with messages to match the ones he engraved on the disc. This bi disc was also used for the Qianlong Emperor's funeral, and was also used for high status people's funerals as well. The bi is now kept in the British Museum's collection.

Influences
The design of the reverse side of the medals given in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China are based on bi disks.

title: Bi (jade)


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Pallantides

In Greek mythology, the Pallantidae (Παλλαντίδαι) were the fifty sons of Pallas, younger brother of Aegeus, king of Athens.

Mythology
Diodorus Siculus related that the Pallantidae once became friends with Androgeos, a son of Minos, and that was why Aegeus had Androgeos assassinated, fearing that Pallas and his sons could use this friendship to get assistance from the powerful Minos against him. The Pallantidae and their father marched against Theseus and Aegeus in order to seize the throne; according to Plutarch, one half of them under command of Pallas openly marched on Athens from Sphettus, while the other half laid in ambush near Gargettus. However, their herald Leos warned Theseus of their schemes and Theseus pre-emptively ambushed the Pallantidae and killed all those at Gargettus, whereupon the other half retreated. Other sources state that Theseus killed all the fifty Pallantidae as well as Pallas. A tradition saying that he spared their sister, Aricia, whom he kept as slave, is followed in Jean Racine's Phèdre but is not supported by extant genuinely ancient sources.

Ovid mentioned two of the Pallantidae, Butes and Clytus, as companions of Cephalus. but other than this, no individual names of any of the Pallantidae survived.

Some scholars believe that the east frieze of the Hephaisteion depicts the battle of Theseus against the Pallantidae.

title: Pallantides


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The Tomb of Ligeia

The Tomb of Ligeia is a 1964 British horror film directed by Roger Corman. Starring Vincent Price and Elizabeth Shepherd, it tells of a man haunted by the spirit of his dead wife and her effect on his second marriage. The screenplay by Robert Towne was based upon the short story "Ligeia" by American author Edgar Allan Poe and was the last in his series of films loosely based on the works of Poe. Tomb of Ligeia was filmed at Castle Acre Priory and other locations with a mostly British cast.

Plot
A funeral takes place at the side of Castle Acre Priory. The casket has a window allowing the face of a beautiful young woman to be seen. A black cat jumps on the coffin and seems to steal the soul of the woman.

The widower, Verden Fell (Vincent Price) is both mournful about and feels threatened by the death of his wife, Ligeia. He had sensed her soul's reluctance to die and was concerned about her near-blasphemous statements about God (she was an atheist). Alone and troubled by an eye condition that requires him to wear dark glasses, Fell shuns the world.

By accident, back at the graveside, he meets a headstrong young woman, Rowena (Elizabeth Shepherd), who pursues him even though she is apparently betrothed to an old friend, Christopher Gough (John Westbrook). Against Fell's better judgement, he marries Rowena. Ligeia's spirit seems to haunt their mansion, previously a medieval abbey, and nocturnal visions and the sinister presence of a cat (which may be inhabited by the spirit of Ligeia) distress Rowena. The cat, who first appears at Ligeia's burial, wounds and appears to attempt to kill Rowena several times and Fell unsuccessfully orders its destruction. Ultimately he must face the spirit of Ligeia and resist her or perish.

The climax of the film takes place when Fell has a showdown with Ligeia, now in the form of a cat. Fell is blinded by Ligeia, but gets the upper hand and strangles the cat, while the tomb around him burns down, due to an accident. Fell and Ligeia perish and Gough and Rowena start a new life together.

Script
Because the original story was so short, Towne read all of Poe's work and decided to expand on Poe's themes, particularly mesmerism and necrophilia. The film would be about a woman who had hypnotised the protagonist with the result he makes love to her dead body under post-hypnotic suggestion. "Literally being controlled by someone who was dead," said Towne, "which is a gruesome notion but perfectly consistent with Poe." Towne says he "tried to have my cake and eat it too" by writing a script where the events could be explained both naturally (via post-hypnotic suggestion) and supernaturally (by possession). Towne later said "Roger and I were really a classic mismatch. It was very painstaking, the script for Tomb of Ligeia. In fact I worked harder on... [that] than on anything I think I have ever done. And I still like that screenplay. I think it's good."

Casting
Roger Corman was initially reluctant to use Vincent Price in the lead role, worrying he was too old for a character who was 25 to 30 years old; his preference was for Richard Chamberlain.

Towne later said the film "was a little dull. I think it would have been better if it had been with a man who didn't look like a necrophiliac to begin with... I love Vincent. He's very sweet. But, going in, you suspect that Vincent could bang cats, chickens, girls, dogs, everything. You just feel that necrophilia might be one of his Basic Things. I'd felt the role called for an almost unnaturally handsome guy who the second wife could easily fall in love with. There should also be a sense of taboo about the close tie he had with his first wife – as though it was something incestuous, two halves of the same person."

However, Price's casting was a condition of AIP investing in the film, and Corman relented. Robert Towne had specifically requested Price not be cast, and when Corman broke the news he told the screenwriter, "Don't worry, Bob, I've got Marlene Dietrich's make-up man!" Corman ended up giving Price a wig and using more makeup on him than usual to make him look younger. Nevertheless, he later remarked that Price's casting still "did change the orientation of the film quite a bit."

Release
The Tomb of Ligeia was released in the United Kingdom in November 1964. It was later distributed in the United States in January 1965. Roger Corman later said that "all of the Poe films made money, but Tomb of Ligeia made the least amount. I think it was because the series was just running out of steam and also because it was overly complicated."

Corman later gave Martin Scorsese permission to use a clip from the film in Mean Streets.

Critical
Howard Thompson in The New York Times of 6 May wrote: "Mr Corman at least cares about putting Mr Poe — or at least some of the master's original ideas — on the screen. If they are frankly made to be screamed at, they are not to be sneezed at. Mr Price still hams it up, front and center, but these low-budget shockers generally evoke a compelling sense of heady atmosphere and coiled doom in their excellent Gothic settings, arresting color schemes and camera mobility ... Mr Corman has made stunning, ambient use of his authentic setting, an ancient abbey in Norfolk, England, and the lovely countryside. The picture is not nearly as finished as Masque of the Red Death ... But the Corman climate of evil is as unhealthy and contagious as ever." Roger Corman later said he thought the film was "one of the best Poe pictures and Vincent's performance in the film was very good. It was simply a matter of age."

Comic book adaptation

 * Dell Movie Classic: Tomb of Ligeia (April–June 1965)

title: The Tomb of Ligeia