text:
Talk:Justin Barrett

'Self-described right-wing republican'
The sentence, "Barrett, as a self-described 'right-wing republican',[36] attracted the support of former Provisional IRA volunteer and Sinn Féin national executive member Gerry McGeough who defected to Barrett's campaign.[37]" is misleading. Reference 36 is An Phoblacht in April 2004, which calls him a "right-wing, self-styled republican" (not the same thing as a self-described 'right-wing republican'), but doesn't anywhere suggest that he would be attractive to IRA or Sinn Féin members. Reference 37 is a May 2004 story of how Gerry McGeough is defecting, but not because he sees Barrett as a republican, but rather because he supports his "Catholic patriotism". To splice the two together like that is to add two and two to make five, or, in Wiki parlance, synthesis. I'm taking out the first part of that sentence. Even with it in, it doesn't belong anywhere in the lead. WP:LEAD says that the lead "serves as an introduction to the article and a summary of its most important contents." That Barrett is leader of the far-right National Party is an adequate introduction to the article. Saying in the second sentence that he is a " self-described 'right-wing republican does not summarise any important part of the article.  Scolaire (talk) 17:46, 30 December 2018 (UTC)

Waffle
Central discussion here on the removal of content and replacement with flowery prose more suited to an election leaflet. In the meantime, reverted to status quo veriosn per WP:BRD. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 08:59, 9 April 2019 (UTC)

(Ah - someone beat me to it!) Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 09:00, 9 April 2019 (UTC)

Abortion doctor death penalty - reliable source needed
The article says Barrett supports giving abortion doctors the death penalty, but the only source is an article about an interview published by comedian Jim Jeffries.

It's recently been documented that Jeffries slices and rearranges the statements of interviewees to put words in their mouths:

 * https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=jim+jeffries+exposed

A Jim Jeffries interview (or an article based on one) is not a reliable source.

But no fear! With such a clear position, surely Barrett has made similar statements elsewhere, so we just have to get a reliable source and then everything's fine.

(Or are we to believe that Barrett, of the National Party, gave this opinion as an eternal exclusive to an Australian, in England, for broadcasting in the US?)

Get a reliable source. Great floors (talk) 18:10, 11 April 2019 (UTC)

 * We already have a reliable secondary source, thanks. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 18:29, 11 April 2019 (UTC)

 * I absolutely agree with . I hadn't watched the video before, but there is no way that it could be called reliable. We see Jeffries (nobody else in frame) saying "What should happen to the doctors who give the abortion?" Cut to Barrett saying "death penalty". That might be an answer to any question. Or it might be just part of a sentence. There is no footage of Barrett saying "the doctors who give the abortion should get the death penalty." Per BLP it needs to go. Scolaire (talk) 18:45, 11 April 2019 (UTC)

 * The source isn't the YouTube video, it's the Daily Edge report (the Daily Edge is an imprint of thejournal.ie, a RS). Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 18:55, 11 April 2019 (UTC)

 * I've read the Daily Edge story. All it is is a summary of what's on the video, therefore no more reliable than the video. Take it up at WP:BLPN if you like, see what they say. Scolaire (talk) 18:58, 11 April 2019 (UTC)

 * Also sourced to the Irish Times. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 20:52, 11 April 2019 (UTC)

 * Please read WP:NEWSORG. "Editorial commentary, analysis and opinion pieces, whether written by the editors of the publication (editorials) or outside authors (op-eds) are reliable primary sources for statements attributed to that editor or author, but are rarely reliable for statements of fact." The piece you link to is an opinion piece, not news reporting. You can't just say "Irish Times = reliable source". At best, the article could say "Ferdia MacAonghusa has accused Barrett of advocating...". This is a serious BLP issue. Please don't revert again until you have content and sourcing that satisfies BLP. Scolaire (talk) 21:51, 11 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Worth noting as well Barrett's ever shifting tie position between scenes which makes it obvious there was lots of cutting going on. Since Jim Jeffries was exposed as a fraud in other interviews through duplicitous editinh, this removal is a good move, per WP:BLP. Irishpolitical (talk) 22:19, 11 April 2019 (UTC)

 * Well spotted! Also worth noting that the video was posted on 24 April 2018, the Daily Edge piece appeared on 25 April, the sentence in this Wikipedia article was added on 28 May, and the Ferdia MacAonghusa piece was published on 28 August. Where do people get their facts nowadays? Scolaire (talk) 07:53, 12 April 2019 (UTC)

Politically Motivated Admins and Ill-Intentions
Frankly, it seems that the admins of this wikipedia page are politically motivated and never take any criticisms into account. I’ve watched this page’s changes for 2 years now and it’s clear to see that there is a select few, may I add foreign... admins who constantly revert 95% of changes. Some changes are made by those actually knowledgeable in Irish politics; yet, these are reverted by 2 foreign admins constantly. Surely... the admins of this page should be Irish and knowledgeable? Furthermore, these admins seem dead set on representing Mr. Barrett in the worst way possible with misleading and bad wording of titles, paragraphs and phrasing. RMedb (talk) 19:04, 27 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Plenty of people editing this page (incl me) aren't foreign and unknowledable. Wikipedia has a neutral point of view policy, but that doesn't mean one must never say anything negative, or that one is required to have equal number of positive words & negative words (cf WP:FALSEBALANCE). We aren't RTÉ, or the BAI, requiring the use of stopwatches to ensure equal time for everything. All the content there is sourced. Just because you dislike that this article lists the Neo-Nazi activity of this campaigner doesn't mean it has to be removed. Ebelular (talk) 08:16, 28 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Hi . And welcome to Wikipedia. While I am unclear, specifically, which edits or editors you are referring to, given that your only ever edits overlapped somewhat with my own, I can't help but imagine that I'm one of the supposed "foreign" actors that you are referring to. In any event, while has already welcomed you to the project and highlighted some of this project's applicable policies and norms, I might take the time to do the same myself, and highlight a couple of things:
 * WP:AGF - While we might not always succeed, Wikipedia editors are expected to assume that each other's edits are made in good faith. Casting aspersions or making unfounded claims about the motivation for edits is not in keeping with project norms.
 * WP:5P3 - While others might judge the validity of another's actions purely on the basis of someone's nationality or ethnicity, there is no such policy on Wikipedia. And, while it has absolutely no bearing, I would note that I am Irish. From Cork. And an administrator on the Irish language Wikipedia le fada on lá. (Not that it is relevant. But just FYI I guess. Seeing as nationality and ethnicity seems to be important to you.)
 * WP:CIR - While a basic level of knowledge and capacity to read, understand and reflect sources (and follow project norms) is expected, Wikipedia does not grant additional powers or respect to subject-matter experts. Whether that expertise is simply claimed or somehow proven. Otherwise, while it has absolutely no bearing, I might note that (although my own university degrees are in science and business) I have probably read more on Irish history and politics in the last 30 or 40 years than your average history grad might in the 3 or 4 years of their college tenure. (Not that that is relevant either really, as it is the sources that matter. And how they are reflected. Not who is reading them. Or applying them. I mention it only as, while not relevant to Wikipedia, it seems to be important to you.)
 * Otherwise, while you are welcome to the project, you might want to have a quick look through the policies and guidelines which are relevant to your edits. And indeed to any talk page comments you might chose to make. Including the WP:NPA policy. Cheers. Guliolopez (talk) 10:08, 28 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Ah, Guliolopez, you're no fun. Can we not just kick all the foreigners out? Of Wikipedia, and Ireland? Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 10:27, 28 July 2020 (UTC)

 * As an aside, nice to see you again, Guliolopez :) It's been too long. Also - how dare you have a 'foreign' name - clearly you're not Irish, since it's the law that everyone should have "O'" and "Mac" in their surnames - A l is o n  ❤ 19:57, 28 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Unless it's really Guli O'Lopez? Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 09:55, 29 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Please name these 'foreign' admins. Admin here, and regular on this page. While I've no need to explain, and there's no inherent merit in one's nationality, I'm Irish-born but living in the US. Edits made - by anyone - should stand and fall on their objective merits, and this applies to everyone here. Please focus on the content rather than the editor - A l is o n  ❤ 19:52, 28 July 2020 (UTC)

Not sure where to post this, but is this sentence credible? It states there is no source for the video, but then quotes from it. Is there a better way to phrase this? Or maybe find a link to the original vid? "In the run-up to the election, she was allegedly targeted in a since-deleted video by Barrett. In the video, he indicated that if his party would gain power, he would work to strip her of her citizenship, despite the fact she had been born in Ireland and lived there since birth"

edit: found a first hand vid. Maybe update the wiki to quote this vid instead of the 'allegedly' part https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=kQpDWURTOTI&feature=youtu.be — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2a02:8084:513d:ee80:a5a7:56de:d887:d71d (talk • contribs)

 * OK. I have linked the video and updated the text to reflect. Guliolopez (talk) 15:34, 29 June 2021 (UTC)

Nationalist
The article says that Mr. Barrett is a nationalist -- would it not be more accurate to say that he 'claims to be a nationalist'  there is after all no evidence for his nationalism at all other than his assertion that he is a nationalist. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.97.158.66 (talk) 14:26, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Hi. Nationalists are generally self-described. Applying the proposed qualifier would likely require agreement or convention that similar qualifiers be applied to the articles on almost every political activist who espouses nationalism (over cosmopolitanism or globalism or internationalism or liberalism or communism). Unless or until the subject is elected to an office where the application of nationalist policies can be evidenced, the article (the lead and the body) is reliant on how the subject is described in the sources. In that sense, and in line with Wikipedia policy, the text in the lead ("A nationalist, he initially began activism in the 1990s") reflects the text and the refs in the body. Which refs describe the subject as "nationalist" in outlook. Including those sources which cover the subject's calls for a Catholic Republic, an "Ireland First" approach, and leadership of the National Party. The latter, as per the source, which describes Barrett as "the president of the National Party, whose nine principles espouse a nationalist, anti-abortion, anti-EU, anti-immigration platform". The text in the lead therefore reflects the text in the body and sources. Guliolopez (talk) 18:09, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Deposits
Thanks for the addition,. I didn't add one myself because it's clear from the Electoral Act that everyone running for election has to pay a deposit, and can forfeit it if they don't do well, and I really didn't think that needed referencing. You're right, much better to include an explicit one. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 12:49, 3 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Bastun and Guilolopez have reverted my edit where I removed the incorrect claim that Barrett "lost his deposit" in contesting the Dublin Bay South by-election. I direct them to the Wikipedia page for Election deposit, which I quote here:

 * "Candidates for election to Dáil Éireann who have been nominated by political parties registered to contest Dáil elections, as well as non-party candidates who are able to provide detailed information of 30 electors in the constituency who have assented to their nomination, are not required to pay a deposit. Candidates who fail to meet either of these criteria, however, must pay a deposit of €500.[10] This follows a High Court ruling; the court found that the obligatory payment of deposits by all candidates was repugnant to the Constitution of Ireland.[11]"

 * As the National Party was a registered political party at the time of the DBS by-election (https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/members/partyRegister/2021/2021-06-24_register-of-political-parties-23-june-2021_en.pdf), and because he appeared on the ballot as a National Party candidate (by submitting a Certificate of Party Affiliation), therefore he was not required to pay a €500 deposit. Ergo, he could not have "lost" a deposit he did not pay. If there are further attempts to cite bogus sources which make this false which is not following WP:V, I must conclude these editors are acting in bad faith. Irishpolitical (talk) 13:51, 4 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Oh, pull your horns in. Your original edit summary was WP:SYNTH. Guliolopez's edit is cited to electionsireland.org, which is absolutely a reliable source and is used as a reference on hundreds of articles. The Electoral Act 1997 is the still the primary legislation and still mentions deposits - yes, it's since been amended. Nobody is citing "bogus" sources, so stop the personal attacks. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 14:49, 4 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Hi.
 * (Guilolopez reverted my edit) As it happens, my first edit was to revert Bastun's edit. Effectively upholding yours. With an edit summary clarifying that relying on WP:SYNTH to restore that text (or remove it) was an issue.
 * (attempts to cite bogus sources) As noted, electionsireland.org is not a "bogus source". If the operators of that website need to update their software to account for the legislative amendment in 2007 (such that candidates not reaching the threshold in elections after that amendment are not automatically labelled as those before the amendment), then so be it. But declaring it bogus (or its use to be bogus) is misrepresentative. As noted, the source is used well over a thousand times across the project. Without issue.
 * (these editors are acting in bad faith) Both of my edits in this sequence (as ALL of my edits are ALWAYS) were made in good faith. Including upholding your original edit (when it was clear the linked ref didn't actually support Bastun's change). And my subsequent edit (when it was clear there were apparently reliable sources that appeared to support such a change). Implying that any changes I have made in the past, or might notionally make in the future, are/could be in "bad faith" falls well within the scope of WP:AOBF. (Speculatively accusing editors of potential future bad faith falls so far outside the etiquette guidelines I don't even no where to start.) As per the guideline, accusing others of bad faith is just not on, does nothing to improve matters and could be considered a personal attack. Certainly I consider it one.
 * GRMA. Guliolopez (talk) 21:20, 4 November 2021 (UTC)

Justin Barrett political leaning.
The description of Justin Barret political leaning as 'far right'is incorrect. The correct description is 'Conservative'. 78.19.10.250 (talk) 20:32, 30 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Multiple reliable sources refer to the subject as "far-right" (and indeed his party). For example, the Sunday Times (UK) refers to the subject as a "far-right leader". The current article text therefore reflects the reliable and verifiable sources. Guliolopez (talk) 15:45, 2 October 2023 (UTC)

WP:TWITTER?
Bastun, am I missing something in my readings of WP:TWITTER? It appears to say that Twitter can be used as a source of information by people about themselves. The poster here appears to be Mark Malone rather than Justin Barrett, so I don't think it's a reliable source in this case. If I'm missing something here do let me know but otherwise I don't think this is suitably sourced for inclusion. — ser! (chat to me - see my edits) 11:10, 10 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Sorry, you're correct. I missed the "about themselves" bit in my hurry. I've reverted. But I do hope we can find a usable source for this! Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 11:16, 10 November 2023 (UTC)
 * No worries, and ditto. ser! (chat to me - see my edits) 11:19, 10 November 2023 (UTC)

I'm wondering about the the latest Examiner article that mentions Barrett and saying what's in the photo that identifies him. I mean - it's Barrett, and he's wearing a replica Nazi SS greatcoat. I can see how WP:SYNTH might apply, as says, or possibly WP:OR - but also there's WP:SKYISBLUE. I'd say at this stage the Examiner is likely to be the only source that covers this (unless it's in one of the Sunday papers), and unfortunately a search for "Justin Barrett Nazi" returns this page and its mirrors, and a lot of results talking about Nazi gold :-) Worth a question on WP:RS/N? Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 21:04, 11 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Agree with that the Examiner article with the photo is evidence enough. The photo is a source in and of itself, regardless of whether the Examiner explains the info or not. Xx78900 (talk) 08:34, 12 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Ehhh. Not sure about that one. If the article doesn’t state that he’s wearing this uniform, then we’re interpreting the articles ourselves and that surely falls afoul of WP:SYNTH. If it was verifiable I’d say they’d be reporting it, no? — ser! (chat to me - see my edits) 09:58, 13 November 2023 (UTC)

Clann Éireann
Recently, Justin Barrett started a political group (?) named Clann Éireann that seeks to be a secondary group to the National Party. Actually, a lot of this is just me guessing because it is unclear to me what the organization's purpose is. In the "launch speech" given on YouTube, Barrett claims that he will soon have full control over the National Party again but Clann Éireann will be the main focus. I'm not sure it's worth any addition to the article yet but it's worth looking out for. Additionally, it doesn't seem like there's a news article out there about it yet. 173.0.34.229 (talk) 20:00, 22 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Yeah, it's not overly clear at the minute quite what it is nor how important it's gonna be. I'll be keeping a close eye. ser! (chat to me - see my edits) 20:25, 22 April 2024 (UTC)

Latest edits
The latest edits were rolled back by Ser. With respect, I think the version I had made earlier today had edits which were relevant but which are not given the prominence deserved. Once a public figure moves into activities like outright Holocaust denial, I think that should be foregrounded in their wiki article. Would there be support for using a label like 'neo-Nazi' at this point, using a page like Richard B. Spencer as a precdent/example of this. Also with regards to Ser's question on who cares what James Reynolds thinks, I do think that condemnation was relevant as it indicates reasons underlying the split within the NP. Mikebarrett0 (talk) 16:37, 2 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't say I rolled back your edit, moreso copyedited and moved to a different part of the article to give it due weight. He absolutely is a Holocaust denier after this comment, I agree, but the lede summarises what someone is known for - in this case, Barrett is notable for being a far-right politician and anti-abortion activist, which are what reliable sources refer to him as in articles about him. (I've left conspiracy theorist in because some articles do call him this, so I'm willing to hear a case for calling him that in the lede.) Thing is, we can't really call him a neo-Nazi in the lede until reliable sources actually call him that like they've done for Spencer, given this is a WP:BLP and just saying "he's said Nazi shit, he is by this definition a neo-Nazi as opposed to any other type of Nazi" runs afoul of WP:SYNTH. I appreciate your reasoning for including what Reynolds has said, and I could perhaps see the need to include it in the relevant section about the party split, but having it in the lede feels like giving undue weight to an otherwise relatively unnotable person's viewpoints. ser! (chat to me - see my edits) 16:49, 2 May 2024 (UTC)
 * In honesty, I have to agree with @Ser! on the first sentence. And am also confused by the characterisation of the additions as being "rolled back". The added text (about holocaust denial and antisemitic statements) was not removed and remains in the lead. If perhaps not as the 8th/9th words in the first sentence. As noted, "far right" seems a reasonable short-hand for the first sentence. Adding every other/possible adjective or descriptor to the opening sentence seems a little overdone. And could lead to suggestions of WP:ATP/WP:NPOV/WP:UNDUE. Guliolopez (talk) 20:31, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Justin Barrett


text:
HIF

HIF may refer to:

Sports clubs

 * Habo IF, in Sweden
 * Hammarby IF, in Stockholm, Sweden
 * Hässleholms IF, in Sweden
 * Helsingborgs IF, in Sweden
 * Hemmingsmarks IF, in Sweden
 * Hörvikens IF, in Sölvesborg, Sweden
 * Hvidovre IF, in Denmark

Other uses

 * Fiji Hindi (ISO 693-3 language code)
 * Finnmark University College (Norwegian: Høgskolen i Finnmark, HiF), now part of the University of Tromsø
 * Harrogate International Festivals
 * Health Impact Fund, a proposal of incentives for global health
 * Health Insurance Fund, an Australian insurer
 * Hill Air Force Base, in Utah, United States
 * Horizontal Integration Facility
 * Hypoxia-inducible factor
 * USGS Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility, of the United States Geological Survey

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: HIF


text:
User talk:Silverentei

Silverentei is a Silver Entei. The user loves the internet and hates curse words. Yes, a useless topic. Silverentei: Huh? A useless topic? Who wrote that? *looks around suspiciously*

Speedy deletion of Cali Bay Designer Wear
A tag has been placed on Cali Bay Designer Wear, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia per CSD A7.

Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not meet basic Wikipedia criteria may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as an appropriate article, and if you can indicate why the subject of this article is appropriate, you may contest the tagging. To do this, add  on the top of the article and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm its subject's notability under the guidelines.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion. To do this, add  on the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag) and leave a note on the page's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself. Scar ian Talk  21:29, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Silverentei


text:
2003 in art

The year 2003 in art involves various significant events.

Events

 * January 21 – The Spire of Dublin is completed.
 * May 11 – Benvenuto Cellini's Saliera is stolen from the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.
 * June 15–November 2 – A record number of seven co-curators is involved in the 50th edition of the Venice Biennale, directed by Francesco Bonami.
 * August 27 – Leonardo da Vinci's Madonna of the Yarnwinder is stolen from the Duke of Buccleuch collection at Drumlanrig Castle in Scotland. It is recovered in 2007.
 * November – Gustav Klimt's Landhaus am Attersee sells for $29,128,000.
 * December 25 – Beagle 2 lands on the surface of Mars; its calibration target plate is painted by Damien Hirst.
 * date unknown – Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design in London takes over the Byam Shaw School of Art.

Exhibitions

 * Jim Sanborn, Critical Assembly, Corcoran School of Art
 * Patti Smith, Strange Messenger, The Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh

Awards

 * Archibald Prize – Geoffrey Dyer, a portrait of Richard Flanagan
 * Beck's Futures – Rosalind Nashashibi
 * Schock Prize in Visual Arts – Susan Rothenberg
 * Turner Prize – Grayson Perry
 * The Venice Biennale (June 15 - November 2) -
 * The Lion d'Or Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement: Michelangelo Pistoletto (Italy) and Carol Rama (Italy)
 * The Lion d'or for best artwork in the main exhibition: Fischli and Weiss (Switzerland)
 * The Lion d'Or for Best Pavilion: Sun-Mei Tse (Luxemburg)
 * Wynne Prize – Tim Kyle, Seated Figure

Works

 * Eco-Earth Globe, Salem, Oregon
 * Jake and Dinos Chapman – Insult to Injury
 * Tony Cragg – Stainless Steel Pillar
 * Olafur Eliasson – The weather project (installation in Turbine Hall of Tate Modern, London)
 * David Fairbairn – Self Portrait DF
 * Cornelia Parker – The Distance (A Kiss With String Attached): Subconscious of a Monument (interventionist sculpture)
 * Michal Rovner – Data Zone
 * Jørn Utzon – Homage to Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (tapestry in the Sydney Opera House)
 * Kehinde Wiley – Go

Films

 * Girl with a Pearl Earring
 * Mona Lisa Smile
 * Sound of Colors
 * The Floating Landscape
 * Turn Left, Turn Right

January to March

 * 9 January – Constantin Kluge, Russian and French painter (b.1912).
 * 20 January – Al Hirschfeld, American caricaturist (b.1903).
 * 21 January – Tony O'Malley, Irish painter (b.1913).
 * 27 January – Louis Archambault, Canadian sculptor (b.1915).
 * 2 February – Emerson Woelffer, American painter (b.1914).
 * 10 February – Edgar de Evia, Mexican-born American photographer (b.1910).
 * 14 March – Jack Goldstein, Canadian-born American performance and conceptual artist turned painter (b.1945).

April to June

 * 9 April – Jorge Oteiza, Spanish sculptor, painter, designer and writer (b.1908).
 * 16 April – Graham Stuart Thomas, English horticultural artist, author and garden designer (b.1909).
 * 23 April – Fernand Fonssagrives, French photographer (b.1910).
 * 25 April – Lynn Chadwick, 88, English sculptor
 * 29 May – Pierre Restany, French art critic and cultural philosopher (b.1930).
 * 7 June – Georges Pichard, French comics artist (b.1920).

July to September

 * 11 July - Dorothy Miller, 99, American curator (b.1904).
 * 15 August – Kirk Varnedoe, American art historian, writer and curator (b.1946).
 * 21 August – Wesley Willis, American artist and musician (b.1963).
 * 29 August – Vladimír Vašíček, Czech painter (b.1919).
 * 1 September – Terry Frost, English artist noted for his abstracts (b.1915).

October to December

 * 3 October – William Steig, American cartoonist, sculptor and author (b.1907).
 * 16 October – Avni Arbaş, Turkish artist (b.1919).
 * 9 November – Mario Merz, Italian artist (b.1925).
 * 4 December – David Vaughan, English psychedelic artist and muralist (b. 1944).
 * 15 December – George Fisher, American political cartoonist (b.1923).
 * 17 December – Wally Hedrick, American artist (b.1928).

title: 2003 in art


text:
Polish marka

The marka (alternatively mark; marka polska, abbreviated Mp, Polish-language plural declensions: marki, marek) was the currency of the Kingdom of Poland and of the Republic of Poland between 1917 and 1924. It was subdivided into 100 Fenigów (phonetic Polish spelling of German "Pfennig"), like its German original after which it was modelled.

History
During World War I, in 1915, after defeating the Russians, the Central Powers occupied the whole territory of the former Congress Poland and appointed two Governors General: a German (Hans Hartwig von Beseler) in Warsaw and an Austro-Hungarian in Lublin. The civil administration of the country was laid into the hands of imported German (mostly Prussian) and Austrian (mostly Polish) officials. Four currencies circulated: the Russian ruble, the papiermark, the ostrubel and the Austro-Hungarian krone. On December 9 the following year, after consultations with the Austrians, the chief of the German Administration, proclaimed the foundation of a new bank, called the Polish Loan Bank (Polska Krajowa Kasa Pożyczkowa) and the creation of a new currency unit, the Polish marka, equivalent to the German mark. The stability of the new currency was guaranteed by the German Reichsbank up to the amount of 1 billion marks.

In 1917 new coins (1f, 5f, 10f and 20f) and banknotes (Mp $1/100$, Mp 1, Mp 2, Mp 5, Mp 10, Mp 20, Mp 50, Mp 100, Mp 500 and Mp 1,000) were introduced and started to replace all the previously used currencies. All the banknotes were white with the White Eagle of Poland on a red field. At the time of the Armistice of November 11, 1918, 880 million marks were already in circulation. The new Polish government decided to retain the marka as the national currency and to allow the Loan Bank to continue operating. The following year the German-made banknotes were replaced in circulation with new locally printed ones. These featured Polish historical motifs. The notes of Mp 1, Mp 20 and Mp 500 depicted Queen Jadwiga, the notes of Mp 5, Mp 10, Mp 100 and Mp 1,000 depicted Tadeusz Kościuszko. A silver coin of Mp 50 was planned but never issued due to the galloping inflation.

Poland, already devastated after 123 years of partitions, and by 5 years of war, now entered a series of armed struggles, which crippled the economy even more. In 1920, during the Polish-Bolshevik War, new banknotes of Mp $1/2$ with Kosciuszko and Mp 5,000 with both the Queen and Kosciuszko came into use. There were now 5 billion marks in circulation. However, the following years the crisis deepened and by 1922 a period of truly ruinous inflation began. By then there were 207 billion marks in circulation. It was necessary to print notes of Mp 10,000 and Mp 50,000. At the beginning of the following year the inflation gained even more momentum and speed, and notes of Mp 100,000, Mp 250,000, Mp 500,000 and Mp 1,000,000 were introduced, only to be followed by notes of Mp 5,000,000 and Mp 10,000,000 later that year.

Early in 1924, financial reforms devised by politician and economist Władysław Grabski were instituted. The Bank Polski was proclaimed as the new central bank of Poland. The marka was exchanged for a new, gold-based currency, the złoty, at the rate of Mp 1,800,000 to 1 zł. One US dollar was then worth 5.18 zł—or Mp 9,324,000.

Exchange rates
Exchange rate of 1 US dollar to the Polish marka:
 * 1919 - Mp 90
 * 1921 - Mp 6,000
 * May 1923 - Mp 52,000
 * July 1923 - Mp 140,000
 * Beginning of November 1923 - Mp 2,000,000
 * End of November 1923 - Mp 5,000,000
 * January 1924 - Mp 9,300,000

title: Polish marka


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User:Silverentei

Hi, I'm Silverentei, and I love the computer. How exciting! Umm...how do I create my own wiki?

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Dibbler

The dibbler (Parantechinus apicalis) is an endangered species of marsupial. It is an inhabitant of the southwest mainland of Western Australia and some offshore islands. It is a member of the order Dasyuromorphia, and the only member of the genus Parantechinus. The dibbler is a small, nocturnal carnivore with speckled fur that is white around the eyes.

Description
The dibbler is 10 – long with a 7.5 - 12 cm tail; it weighs 40 - 125 g. Distinctive features include a white eye-ring, gray-brown fur flecked with white hairs, and a short tapering tail. It has strong jaws and large canine teeth for killing prey, which include small vertebrates such as mice, birds and lizards, as well as insects and other invertebrates. They are semi-arboreal and will also feed on nectar from flowering plants and berries. Dibblers weigh about 40–135 grams (1.4–3.6 oz).The breeding season for the species is March–April, with the female able to give birth and raise up to eight young. The dibbler is a solitary, mostly crepuscular species.

The dibbler is found in southwestern Western Australia, where it is located on Boullanger Island, Whitlock Island and Escape Island (translocated) off Jurien Bay. They are also found on the South Coast in the Fitzgerald River National Park, Peniup Proposed Nature Reserve (where it was re-introduced) and on Gunton Island in the Recherche Archipelago (where it was also re-introduced). They have also recently been released on Dirk Hartog Island as part of the Return to 1616 project run by the Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. There were attempted releases at the Stirling Range National Park and Waychinicup National Park but it is not thought that they still persist in those locations. A specimen was also captured in Torndirrup National Park south of Albany.

The dibbler's habitat is an unburnt vegetation area with a thick litter layer and sandy soils, typically occupying coastal mallee-heath vegetation communities on the south coast.

Classification
The dibbler is the only member of its genus, Parantechinus, which indicates that it is an "antechinus-like (animal)". The specific epithet, apicalis, means "pointed". This genus formerly included the sandstone dibbler, now placed in the genus Pseudantechinus.

The genus Parantechinus contains only the single species, Parantechinus apicalis, the dibbler. It was first described in 1842 by John Edward Gray, who placed it in the genus Phascogale. He identified the specimen as being Australasian in origin. The genus Parantechinus was created for the species in 1947 by George Henry Hamilton Tate. The species was also assigned to the genus Antechinus, before being split to its own genus. There are various arrangements of the genera in this section of family Dasyuridae, many of which are supported by molecular systematics, and their relationship remains unresolved.

Common name
The name 'dibbler' is used by government and scientific authorities, and in popular usage, to refer to this species exclusively. In the Dibbler Recovery Plan, Senior DBCA scientist, Dr. Tony Friend notes "Strahan (2003) introduced the common name 'southern dibbler' for P. apicalis [Parantechinus apicalis] and 'northern dibbler' for the sandstone antechinus' [Pseudantechinus bilarni] ... the well-established use of 'dibbler' to refer only to P. apicalis is recommended and is followed in this plan.'" A number of common names derive from previous systematic arrangements. John Gould gave several names from the Nyoongar/Noongar language; Marn-dern and Wy-a-lung are from northern areas, Dib-bler is from the dialect spoken in the King George Sound region. The practice of restoring traditional names to marsupial species has conserved this common name. Gould referred to the species as the freckled antechinus, and it has also been known as the speckled marsupial mouse.

The online edition of Mammal Species of the World gave the name Southern dibbler in 2009. A species known as the Northern (or sandstone) dibbler, Pseudantechinus bilarni, is found in the Northern Territory. This species has been distinguished by the name Southern dibbler, however this name is given in The Mammals of Australia (2008), the formative guide for Australian mammal nomenclature worldwide.

Conservation status
In the early 19th century, dibblers were widely distributed across Western Australia. By 1884, they were declared extinct, but some were rediscovered at Cheyne Beach on the southern coast of Western Australia in 1967. They are threatened by habitat loss (land clearing, dieback) and predators; they are considered an endangered species. Their predators are mainly feral foxes and feral cats.

Perth Zoo in Western Australia operates a conservation project for the dibbler which is helpful in its survival and breeding, and along with the Department of Environment and Conservation has helped to breed and release more dibblers into the wild.

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Nakagawa Hidenari

Nakagawa Hidenari (中川秀成) (1570 – September 9, 1612) was a Japanese daimyō in the Azuchi–Momoyama to Edo period. He was the 2nd son of Nakagawa Kiyohide.

Career
In 1582, Kiyohide died in the Battle of Shizugatake and Hidenari's brother Hidemasa succeeded to the family headship. However, Hidemasa died young in 1592 and Hidenari succeeded to the house and the domain. Thanks to his service under Toyotomi Hideyoshi, he was soon moved to the Oka Domain in Bungo Province, with an income raise from 66,000 koku to 74,000 koku. In 1597, Hidenari took part in the invasion of Korea under Tōdō Takatora.

In 1600 at the Battle of Sekigahara, he sided with the eastern army, attacking and defeating Ōta Kazuyoshi at Usuki Castle. As a result, Tokugawa Ieyasu let him maintain his domain without being disturbed.

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Talk:Eggenberg Castle, Vorchdorf

I dispute the claim "one of the strongest beers in the world"
Dogfish Head brewery alone has five beers that have a higher alchohol content by volume. Given that Hair of the Dog produced a beer called Dave that was twice the strength of Samichlaus, I think this claim is not supportable and should be removed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.115.184.60 (talk) 12:09, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

agreed. here's a link to the top 50 strongest beers in the world: http://ratebeer.com/Ratings/TopAlcohol.asp —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.11.117.90 (talk) 15:53, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

The "strongest beer" claim as cited is incomplete. Samichlaus, at the time of Michael Jackons's writings (1991), was the strongest lager beer produced using traditional bottom-fermenting lagering techniques. All of the beers (except for perhaps Anheuser-Busch Experimental) are ales or are using wine yeasts. I think the Lager page says it best: "The very strongest lagers often fall into the German-originated doppelbock style, with the strongest of these commercially produced, Samichlaus, reaching 14% ABV." And the Schloss-Eggenberg site makes a similar claim. I've edited the page to be more accurate and cite the Schloss-Eggenberg webpage. MWPeterson (talk) 17:23, 25 December 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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American Aviation

American Aviation Corporation was an American aircraft manufacturer based in Cleveland, Ohio, in the 1960s, which produced light single-engine aircraft. In 1972, it became the Grumman American Aviation Corporation.

History
The company was formed in 1964 to build a production version of the Bede BD-1, a two-seat light aircraft designed and built by Jim Bede and first flown on July 11, 1963.

During the development of the BD-1 there was conflict between Bede and the other shareholders, and in 1965, Bede was removed from the company. Attorney and former Marine fighter pilot Russ Meyer became the new company president at age 34.

The BD-1 was re-designed for production with a lengthened fuselage, greater wingspan and larger engine, the company also introduced metal-to-metal bonding of components, a new technique in general aviation. The new aircraft was named the AA-1 Yankee and first flew on March 2, 1967, gaining type certificate approval from the FAA in July 1968.

The Grumman Corporation had taken an 80% share in American Aviation and in 1972 the company was renamed the Grumman American Aviation Corporation.

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Miriam Defensor Santiago

Miriam Palma Defensor-Santiago (née Defensor; June 15, 1945 – September 29, 2016) was a Filipino scholar, academic, lawyer, judge, author, and stateswoman who served in all three branches of the Philippine government: judicial, executive, and legislative. Defensor Santiago was named one of The 100 Most Powerful Women in the World in 1997 by The Australian. She was known for being a long-serving Senator of the Republic of the Philippines, an elected judge of the International Criminal Court, and the sole female recipient of the Philippines' highest national honor, the Quezon Service Cross.

In 1988, Defensor Santiago was named laureate of the Ramon Magsaysay Award for government service, with a citation for bold and moral leadership in cleaning up a graft-ridden government agency.   After being appointed by President Corazon Aquino as Secretary of Agrarian Reform from 1989 to 1990, she ran in the 1992 presidential election but was controversially defeated in events that involved a car crash injury and power outages during voting process. Defensor Santiago would then serve three terms in the Philippine Senate, where she was known for supporting progressive laws, and authored or campaigned anti-corruption bills. After former president Joseph Estrada was arrested on April 25, 2001, she was among the politicians who spoke against EDSA II at pro-Estrada rallies that preceded the May 1 riots near Malacañang Palace.

In 2012, Defensor Santiago became the first Filipina and the first Asian from a developing country to be elected a judge of the International Criminal Court. She later resigned the post, citing chronic fatigue syndrome, which turned out to be lung cancer.

On October 13, 2015, Defensor Santiago controversially declared her third candidacy for President of the Philippines in the 2016 election after her doctors from the United States declared her cancer "stable" and "receded", but lost the election due to public concern for her health. In April 2016, her last appointed post was part of the International Development Law Organization Advisory Council (IDLO), an intergovernmental body that promotes the rule of law. She died from complications from her cancer on September 29, 2016, and was buried days later at Loyola Memorial Park in Marikina. In December 2018, the prestigious Quezon Service Cross was posthumously conferred upon Defensor Santiago, making her the first woman and, so far, only Visayan and the sixth person ever to be enthroned in the country's highest roster.

Defensor Santiago was known as the Dragon Lady, the Platinum Lady, the Incorruptible Lady, the Impregnable Lady, Feisty Senator, The Doctor of All Laws, the Omniscient Woman and most popularly, the Iron Lady of Asia. She is colloquially known in Philippine pop culture as simply Miriam or MDS, and is positively cited for her lifelong dedication to public service in the Philippine government.

Early life and education
Defensor Santiago was born Miriam Palma Defensor in Iloilo City, to Benjamin Defensor, a local judge, and Dimpna Palma, a college dean. She was the eldest of seven children. She graduated valedictorian in grade school, high school, undergraduate school. She graduated high school in Iloilo Provincial High School (now Iloilo National High School) and served as the Editor-in-Chief (EIC) of the said high school's student publication "The Ilonggo". In 1965, Defensor Santiago graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science, magna cum laude from the University of the Philippines Visayas. After graduation, she was elected to the Pi Gamma Mu and Phi Kappa Phi honor societies.

She proceeded to the University of the Philippines College of Law. There, she was champion in numerous oratorical contests and debates. She became the first female editor of the student newspaper, The Philippine Collegian, and was twice appointed ROTC muse. She graduated Bachelor of Laws, cum laude, from the University of the Philippines College of Law in Diliman.

Defensor Santiago went on a fellowship to the United States, and earned the Master of Laws and Doctor of Juridical Science degrees at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. She finished both degrees in a period of only one and a half years. Following school, she took a position as special assistant to the Secretary of Justice. She also taught political science at the Trinity University of Asia. She was law professor at the University of the Philippines Diliman, teaching evening classes for some ten years. Her hero as a lawyer and legislator growing up was Arturo M. Tolentino.

She has studied at several universities, including Oxford and Harvard law summer schools; Cambridge; and The Hague Academy of International Law. She earned the degree Master of Religious Studies (without thesis) at the Maryhill School of Theology.

In Oxford, she was a research fellow at St. Hilda's College and also took a summer program in law at St. Edmund's Hall. At Cambridge, she was a research fellow at the Lauterpacht Research Centre for International Law.

Department of Justice
Defensor-Santiago became a special assistant to the Secretary of Justice for ten years after her higher studies abroad.

United Nations
From 1979 to 1980, Defensor Santiago served as Legal Officer of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees at Geneva, Switzerland. She was assigned to the Conferences and Treaties Section. She became skilled at treaty negotiation and drafting. She resigned her position when her father in the Philippines developed prostate cancer.

Judge during martial law
Defensor Santiago was appointed judge of the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Quezon City, Metro Manila by President Ferdinand Marcos. She was the youngest judge appointed to Metro Manila, and exempted from the practice of first serving as a judge outside Metro Manila. As a RTC judge, she quickly implement a "no postponement" policy. At that time, cases were tried in segments that were usually a month apart, resulting in trials that took years to finish. Lawyers were prone to seek postponement of trial. As a result, trial judges scheduled ten or fifteen cases a day, so that they could make up for cases postponed. Defensor Santiago scheduled only five cases a day, heard each case, and disposed of the highest number of cases in her first year in office.

Defensor Santiago became nationally famous when she issued perhaps the first decision to rule against martial law. At that time, alleged illegal public assemblies were declared as crimes and were punishable by death. A large group of activist students from the University of the Philippines and Ateneo, as well as activists in the film industry, staged a rally in a central business district, and denounced the First Lady for her excesses. To retaliate, Marcos issued a Preventive Detention Action order which authorized the military to hold suspects indefinitely without bail. The students faced the dire prospect of missing their final exams and, for many of them, missing graduation. Defensor Santiago suspended hearings on all other pending cases, and conducted whole-day trials. In the end, she ordered the military to allow the students to post bail. After promulgating her decision at the end of the day, Defensor Santiago drove herself to the state university, where she was teaching law. The Philippine Jaycees, the Philippine Lions, and the YMCA Philippines all gave her awards for judicial excellence.

Immigration Commissioner
After martial law, in 1988, President Corazon Aquino appointed Defensor Santiago as commissioner of the Bureau of Immigration and Deportation. At that time, the BID was one of the most corrupt government agencies in Southeast Asia. Defensor Santiago declared the Philippines as "the fake passport capital of the world", and directed raids against criminal syndicates, including the Yakuza. She filled the CID detention center with alien criminals, and ordered construction of another detention center. She extended to legal aliens protection from widespread extortion by requesting President Aquino to issue an executive order that authorized the "alien legalization program".

She received serious death threats, but proclaimed: "I eat death threats for breakfast". A member of the House of Representatives, Laguna Rep. Nereo Joaquin, delivered a privilege speech in 1992 and denounced her raids against pedophile communities in Central Luzon run by alien pedophiles. Defensor Santiago responded by calling him "fungus face".

The Rockefeller Foundation named her a laureate of the Magsaysay Award for government service – "for bold and moral leadership in cleaning up a graft-ridden government agency."

Agrarian Reform Secretary
President Corazon Aquino promoted Defensor Santiago to member of her cabinet, as Secretary of Agrarian Reform. Under a controversial law passed by Congress and signed by President Aquino, all agricultural landholdings were taken by the government and divided among the farmers. Each landowner was allowed to keep only five hectares, and each farmer received three hectares. Payment was in bonds of the Land Bank. To subvert the law, big landowners applied for conversion of the classification of their land as agricultural, to classification as commercial, residential, or industrial. The process became the widespread "conversion scandal of agrarian reform". The DAR officials themselves were the biggest culprits, because they sold conversion permits for bribes on a market rate set at certain amounts per hectare involved in the conversion. Defensor Santiago stopped the conversion scandal, and appeased the landowners by enhancing the incentives for voluntary offers by the landowners for the sale of their landholdings, which entitled them to an additional five percent cash payment. When asked if the hacienda belonging to the president's family should be covered by agrarian reform, Defensor Santiago replied that the family's hacienda should be distributed among the farmers. Shortly thereafter President Aquino accepted Defensor Santiago's resignation.

1992 presidential campaign
Defensor Santiago's candidacy for President of the Philippines was confirmed on February 19, 1990. She later organized the People's Reform Party (PRP) and ran with a senatorial ticket during the 1992 presidential campaign. Ramon Magsaysay Jr. was her running mate. While campaigning on April 28, 1991, she was severely injured in car crash, which she claimed was an assassination attempt. She was wearing a white bush jacket which became splattered with blood that gushed from a wound to her head. On orders of President Aquino, she was airlifted from Tarlac to a Manila hospital. She underwent surgery on the jaw, and at one point a Catholic priest administered the last rites of the dying. Two months later, she was back on the campaign trail.

Defensor Santiago has been dubbed as "The Iron Lady of Asia" and the "Dragon Lady" due to her scathing but bold eloquence both in leadership and writing. She cites physicist Marie Curie and former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher as her major influences throughout her political career, with Thatcher praising her for her book Cutting Edge during their meeting while the Prime Minister visited the Philippines.

Defensor Santiago was leading the canvassing of votes for the first five days. Following a string of power outages, the tabulation concluded, and Ramos was declared president-elect. Defensor Santiago filed a protest before the Supreme Court as electoral tribunal, citing the power outages during the counting of votes as evidence of massive fraud. Her election protest was eventually dismissed on a technicality.

The public outrage over the presidential results prompted Newsweek to feature her and her rival on the cover with the question: "Was the Election Fair?" In another cover story, Philippines Free Press magazine asked: "Who's the Real President?". The quote, 'Miriam won in the elections but lost in the counting' was popularized by the masses.

First term, 1995–2001; EDSA II and III
Defensor Santiago was first elected senator in 1995. In 1997, her presidential rival Fidel Ramos initiated a "people's campaign" for an infinite presidential term. Defensor Santiago harshly criticized Ramos' campaign and went to court. In a landmark case, Defensor Santiago vs COMELEC, she won and preserved the people's mandate for term limits. She again ran for president in the 1998 presidential elections, with running-mate Francisco Tatad, but lost amidst heavy propaganda concerning her mental health, which was later proven false. In 2000, she filed in the Senate the first version of the anti-discrimination bill which would later become the SOGIE Equality Bill.

She was one of the few senators who were against the opening of the brown envelope during the impeachment trial of then-President Joseph Estrada, who was her foe in the 1998 presidential elections. She said afterwards:"At that time, I wanted to apply the rules of court technically. Since there is no allegation of wrongdoing in connection with the notorious second envelope, I voted that we should not open the second envelope until and after the complaint had already been amended [...] I was among those demonized because I voted against the opening of the second envelope – dahil ang paniwala ng taong bayan, kung ayaw namin buksan ang second envelope na 'yan, may tinatago kami. (translation from Filipino: because in the belief of the masses if we don't want to open the envelope, then we are hiding something.)"

Estrada was ousted in the Second EDSA Revolution in January 2001 and succeeded by Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, which Defensor Santiago considered illegal under the Philippine Constitution due to the lack of a formal resignation from Estrada. In her vehement support for Estrada, she once mentioned that she will jump off an airplane without a parachute if Estrada is arrested. After Estrada's arrest on April 25, 2001, Defensor Santiago would join other politicians in attending and speaking at pro-Estrada rallies held in the succeeding days at EDSA Shrine, where she demanded the resignation of Arroyo and her entire cabinet and the reinstatement of Estrada as president lest the protesters storm Malacañang Palace. The rallies she spoke in were soon followed by the May 1 riots initiated by the rallyists going to Malacañang, where reporters from the Philippine Daily Inquirer noted their attempts to storm the institution's premises being preceded by statements from Santiago the previous night that went: "I am bored. Let's not wait for the military and police. Let's do it, just us. Now!" After the May 1 incident, Santiago remained defiant in her stance against the Arroyo presidency, and was denounced by her cousin, Governor Arthur Defensor Sr. of Iloilo, for her rhetoric.

Defensor Santiago lost re-election to the Senate in 2001. Estrada would later be pardoned by President Arroyo on October 26, 2007.

Second and third term, 2004–2016

Defensor Santiago ran for senator in 2004 and was elected. She ran again for senator in 2010 and won. During her three terms, she served as chair mostly of the foreign relations committee and the constitutional amendments committee. She was elected as official candidate of her party People's Reform Party, serving also as chair of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Commission on Appointments. She exposed and named numerous jueteng (illegal gambling) lords and illegal-logging lords throughout her terms.

In 2011, Defensor Santiago was elected as a judge of the International Criminal Court (ICC) which hears cases against humanity for former heads of state. She was the first Asian from a third-world country to be elected to such a post. She resigned in 2014 after being diagnosed with lung cancer. She was one of the three senators who voted against the conviction of Supreme Court Chief Justice Renato Corona during his impeachment trial; Corona was ultimately found guilty for his failure to disclose to the public his statement of assets, liabilities and net worth.

In December 2012, she exposed that the Senate president, Juan Ponce Enrile, used Senate funds to give away as cash gifts. Every senator, except Defensor Santiago and two others, received ₱2 million. This led to the Priority Development Assistance Fund scandal, which put the Senate president behind bars with charges of plunder. Defensor Santiago's live Senate hearings in the case led to public outrage and support for Defensor Santiago's call to abolish the pork barrel system.

She was the first Filipino elected as a commissioner for the International Development Law Organization (IDLO) in 2016. Her role in the organization was advisory to the international law community.

Select laws authored
Among the laws that Defensor Santiago authored are:
 * Reproductive Health Act of 2012, which instills reproductive health education throughout the nation, and was backed by the majority of the population while criticized by religious institutions in the predominantly Roman Catholic country.
 * Sin Tax Law, which improved the taxation of the country and led to the economic revolutions that bolstered Philippine shares.
 * Climate Change Act of 2009, which mandated the entire nation to become a bastion for climate change responsiveness, mitigation, adaptation, and management.
 * Renewable Energy Act of 2008, which mandated the government to shift the energy source of the country from coal and oil into solar, wind, and other renewable sources – this became the foundation for the establishment of numerous wind and solar plants in the country which made the Philippines the 'Wind Energy Capital of Southeast Asia'.
 * Philippine Act on Crimes Against International Humanitarian Law, which safeguarded human rights in the entire nation.
 * Magna Carta of Women, which protected the rights of women in the country.
 * Unified Student Financial Assistance System for Tertiary Education (Unifast) Act, which enhanced the educational system in the country, paving way for the intellectual revolution in urban and rural areas.
 * Cybercrime Act of 2012, which protected the nation and its people from cybercrimes which infested the country's cyberspace.
 * Department of Information and Communication Technology Act, which established the Department of Information and Communication Technology for better information dissemination and better internet speed in the country
 * Archipelagic Baselines Act of 2009, which became one of the major bases for the country's claims on maritime sovereignty, including the South China Sea.

2016 presidential campaign

In October 2015, Defensor Santiago announced her intention to run in the 2016 Philippine presidential election after her cancer was deemed 'stable' and 'receded' by doctors from the United States. She later confirmed that Senator Bongbong Marcos would serve as her running mate for vice president. Her campaign focused on the youth sector for which she heavily advocated, making use of social media. She was a landslide winner in numerous polls conducted in various public and private universities and colleges in the country. Despite this, she lost in the elections. Defensor Santiago was subsequently called "the greatest president we never had", a title which had been associated with her prior to her presidential run. The Youth for Miriam, a youth group that supported her on the campaign, rebranded as Youth Reform Movement and founded a standalone organization that bears her writings and literature as philosophical pillars.

Retirement
Before her death, various groups in the country have been lauding her to join the candidacy for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Secretary-General post where the elected Secretary-General will be positioned for 2018. Among other candidates for the position are AirAsia chief Tony Fernandes of Malaysia and an unstated representative from Brunei, which is the lead country for 2018–2022 according to tradition.

She was branded a "Distinguished Icon of Legal Excellence and Public Service" by the University of the Philippines in September 2016, and posthumously the "PUP Online Personality of the Year Award" by the Polytechnic University of the Philippines in November 2016.

Death

At the age of 71, Defensor Santiago died in her sleep at exactly 8:52 a.m. PHT (UTC+08:00) on September 29, 2016, while she was confined at the St. Luke's Medical Center - Global City in Taguig from lung cancer; several reports cited that Defensor Santiago died in her residence in La Vista Subdivision, Quezon City. Santiago's last words according to her husband were, "I accept this. I do not want to do anything heroic." While her last wish was to remain only in the memory of her own family. Her body lay in state at the Cathedral Grottos of the Immaculate Conception Cathedral in Cubao the following day. Following a Catholic funeral Mass, she was interred at the Loyola Memorial Park in Marikina on October 2, beside the tomb of her son, Alexander, who died in 2003. Santiago's hometown, Iloilo City, declared a day of mourning for Defensor Santiago and flew the Philippine flag half-mast from September 29 – October 17, 2016. The local government said in an official statement that Defensor Santiago 'brought pride and honor to all Ilonggos'. In June 2017, members of the Youth Reform Movement lobbied for the posthumous awarding of the Quezon Service Cross to Defensor Santiago. In September 2017, Senator Grace Poe, her freedom of information (FOI) ally and 2016 presidential rival, nominated Defensor Santiago to be awarded the Quezon Service Cross, the highest honor in the entire Republic, subject for approval of both houses of Congress and by President Rodrigo Duterte, who was another 2016 presidential rival. On the same month, Senator Sonny Angara, who considers Defensor Santiago as his mentor, followed suit by filing another resolution nominating Defensor Santiago to become a laureate of the prestigious Quezon Service Cross, just days before Defensor Santiago's first death anniversary on September 29. The Senate expressed its full intent to confer Defensor Santiago the award. The president, through the Malacañang Palace, welcomed the proposal to bestow the award to Defensor Santiago once both houses of Congress have ratified the document conferring such award. The House of Representatives is the only body left that has yet to express its intent to bestow the award to Defensor Santiago. Most members of the House are against Defensor Santiago's anti-political dynasty bill which she introduced in Congress. Santiago's bill is backed by the Constitution itself, where it mandates both chambers of Congress to enact such a law.

On December 5, 2017, the president officially nominated Defensor Santiago for the award, awaiting concurrence of both chambers of Congress to officially bestow the award. Defensor Santiago is the sixth person and the first and only woman to be nominated for the award. She is the sixth person to be immortalized in the 69-year old national roster. On December 11, 2017, the Senate approved the bestowing of the award to Defensor Santiago. On February 20, 2018, the House of Representatives approved the bestowing of the award to Defensor Santiago. On December 3, 2018, the prestigious Quezon Service Cross was officially posthumously conferred upon Santiago, making her the sixth recipient and first and only woman to be included in the country's highest accolade and roster.

On October 12, 2023, Republic Act No. 11963 was enacted to jointly rename Agham Road and BIR Road in Triangle Park, Quezon City as Senator Miriam P. Defensor Santiago Avenue in her honor.

Federalism
Defensor Santiago is not in favor of federalism, stating in one interview that if the country would turn Federalist, "[That] the masses and the entire electorate will not [be able to] choose who the president will be. We leave that choice to a group of politicians, and we know how those politicians act. Mostly, their actions are always attended by corruption."

Charter Change
Defensor Santiago was in favor of amending the Constitution of the Philippines to enhance foreign investments in the country and to mandate that all high posts in government (senator, representative, president, vice president, governor, mayor, vice mayor, secretaries, undersecretaries, etc.) should have additional qualifications which are 'a college graduate' and must pass a duly-accredited government examination. Numerous politicians in the country are only high school or elementary graduates, and most college graduate officials have never passed the Civil Service Examination for Professionals (CSE-P). She argues that positions in government like administrative assistant must pass the CSE-P as a qualification, 'why not higher posts too?'.

Santiago, the then chairwoman of the Senate committee on constitutional amendments, said she was in favor of shifting to a parliamentary form of government in 2011.

Anti-political dynasty
Defensor Santiago was the principal author of the Anti-Dynasty Bill in the Senate and had been pushing for its immediate passage in Congress for more than a decade.

South China Sea dispute
She stressed during a live debate that the South China Sea is a sovereign territory of the Philippines and that the country should have a better military and police force and assets and should prioritize enhancing ties with allied nations, especially in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). She was one of the international law experts who criticized China and aided in the Philippine case against China. The case was won by the Philippines in 2016. Despite this, China still does not recognize the ruling.

Mindanao
Defensor Santiago was against the Bangsamoro Basic Law, saying it is unconstitutional because it specifies that Bangsamoro will become a 'sub-state' of the republic which is illegal under the law. She prefers a more constitutional form of the Bangsamoro Basic Law which does not create a 'sub-state' government.

North Borneo dispute
Defensor Santiago was in favor of appointing a third-party to conduct under international law "inquiry and fact-finding" to resolve the North Borneo dispute, where the third-party is approved by both the national governments of Malaysia and the Philippines. She cited the 1907 Hague Convention for the Pacific Settlement of Disputes as motivator of her legal position. She said that this can end the dispute as it did in the 1981 involvement of mercenaries in an invasion of the Seychelles, the 1987 use of chemical weapons in the Gulf War between Iran and Iraq, and the 1988 destruction of Korean Air Lines Boeing 747. She said that since no transfer of sovereignty was involved in the 1878 Deed, no transfer of sovereignty has ever passed to Malaysia. She added that the Philippines has never abandoned its claim over eastern Sabah.

Divorce
Defensor Santiago publicly advocated for the passage of a divorce law in the Philippines, saying, "Why would you force [couples] to be together if they want to kill each other by mere sight?" With respect to her position on divorce, she clarified that it should be restricted on two grounds: "an attempt on the life of the spouse by the other" and "when one spouse is already living with another person, that is adultery or concubinage." In the 2016 Presidential campaign, despite being unable to attend the second debate citing health concerns, she reiterated on Twitter her position on divorce, leaving her as the only presidential candidate to favor its legislation.

Abortion and contraception
Defensor-Santiago took a critical perspective of abortion and supports maintaining laws against it: "No to abortion, never. I am a very avid supporter of RH [Reproductive Health] Law, but I will definitely fight to the death against abortion as a lawyer, not necessarily as a religious person. I equate it properly with the crime of murder." On contraception, she stressed the importance of its distribution, especially in poverty-stricken areas. She was a strong proponent of the Philippines' Reproductive Health Law, which guarantees universal access to methods on contraception, maternal health and sex education. According to her, the bill was shelved for more than 13 years, citing the Catholic Church's opposition. Defensor Santiago expressed dismay when the RH Law had suffered a one-billion peso budget cut before the Congress in early 2016. She said if she will be elected, she will work for a full and conscientious implementation of the law.

LGBT rights
Defensor Santiago magnified the issues concerning the LGBT community before the Senate. In the wake of the Orlando nightclub shooting, she said in a Twitter post, "The mass shooting at a club in Orlando is appalling and heartbreaking" and "I long for the day when the LGBT community no longer has to live in fear of discrimination and hate crimes". Defensor Santiago was one of the senators who advocated the immediate investigation of the Jennifer Laude case, wherein the American marine, Joseph Scott Pemberton, killed Laude, a Filipina transgender woman, in Subic, Zambales. She also supported the passage of the anti-discrimination bill (SOGIE Equality Bill) which protects the rights of people of different sexual orientation, gender identity, and expression. She was the first senator in Philippine history to push for the bill's legislation, filing it repeatedly since 2000.

Capital punishment
Defensor Santiago favored the death penalty but limited it to heinous crimes, while maintaining that the justice system should be improved.

Environment
Defensor Santiago vehemently opposed mining. She believes mining is one of the greatest reasons why local communities are impoverished as most of the profit coming from mining are siphoned by mining companies away from the local economy. In addition, mining has made numerous destructive advances in Philippine society and ecosystems, destroying watersheds and agricultural lands, as well as rivers and seas. According to an interview conducted by Haribon Foundation during the 2016 Presidential Campaign, the organization voted her as the "greenest" in all of the candidates. She was the main author of the Climate Change Law and the Renewable Energies Law in the Senate.

Internet
Defensor Santiago advocated the establishment of the Department of Information which is mandated to speed-up internet connectivity in the Philippines which she described "the worst internet speed in Asia". She also advocated for the passage of the Magna Carta for Philippine Internet Freedom which protects the rights and freedoms of Filipinos in cyberspace, while defining and penalizing cybercrimes.

Transportation
Defensor Santiago advocated the establishment of a completely new railway system from Manila to Sorsogon and a new high-speed transit system connecting Metro Manila to Pampanga, Bulacan. Rizal, Batangas, Laguna, and Cavite. She also advocated the establishment of a new modernized airport and the establishment of new projects in every province in the entire country.

Awards and honors

 * Ramon Magsaysay Award for Government Service, 1988, Asian equivalent of the Nobel Prize, Magsaysay Awards Foundation
 * TOYM Award for Law, 1985 (The Outstanding Young Men) Opened to Women 1984, Philippine Jaycees
 * TOWNS Award for Law, 1986 (The Outstanding Women in the Nation's Service), Philippine Lions
 * Philippine Judges' Hall of Fame, 2015, Philippine Judges Association
 * Most Outstanding Alumna in Law, University of the Philippines, 1988
 * Gold Vision Triangle Award for government service, 1988, YMCA Philippines
 * Republic Anniversary Award for law enforcement, 1988, Civic Assembly of Women of the Philippines
 * Golden Jubilee Achievement Award for public service, 1990, Girl Scouts of the Philippines
 * Celebrity Mother Award, 1991, Gintong Ina Awards Foundation
 * Spain – Grand Cross of the Order of Civil Merit (November 30, 2007)
 * Distinguished Icon of Legal Excellence and Public Service Award (September 2, 2016)
 * PUP Online Personality of the Year 2016
 * PHL Quezon Service Cross BAR.png: Quezon Service Cross - (December 3, 2018, Posthumous)

Writings
Defensor Santiago wrote at least 30 books, many of which are about law and social sciences. Among her works is the Code Annotated Series Project 2000, a series of books about laws passed by the Philippine Congress and Supreme Court decisions. The Code Annotated Series is the main part of Defensor Santiago's Legal Outreach Program. During her initial battle with cancer, she continued to work on the 2014 edition of all her law books. These were published as the 2015 edition of her Code Annotated Series, by Rex Bookstore.

The doctoral dissertation she wrote for the University of Michigan was published as a book, Political Offences in International Law. She wrote two autobiographies, Inventing Myself  and Cutting Edge: The Politics of Reform in the Philippines, the latter being praised by UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.

She published a joke book in 2014, Stupid is Forever, a collection of jokes, comebacks, one-liners, and pick-up lines she used in speeches. A sequel, titled Stupid is Forevermore, was published a year later. Both books were published by ABS-CBN Publishing. The first book was named the best-selling book of 2014, selling about 110,000 copies in one month.

Personal life
Defensor Santiago grew up in a middle-class erudite household with both parents having higher educational attainments. She is the eldest among her siblings: Benjamin, Nenalyn, Douglas, Marciano, Linnea, and Paula Dimpna Beatriz; 4 of which are lawyers.

She was married to Narciso "Jun" Santiago Jr., with whom she had two sons, Narciso III (Archie) and Alexander (A.R.); Alexander committed suicide in 2003. The couple adopted four children; Megan Santiago, Mallory Santiago, Mackenzie Santiago, and Morven Santiago. She and her husband renewed their wedding vows on their 40th wedding anniversary in 2011. She has close relationships with actress and visual artist, Heart Evangelista, who she has mentored.

Religious views
In general, Defensor Santiago had a complex relationship with religion, at times affirming her membership in the Catholic Church while at other times heavily criticizing and even entertaining the nonexistence of the Christian god. In 2012, she cited Ecclesiastes as her favorite book in the Bible and had once considered becoming a nun. In an interview with Esquire years after the death of her son who committed suicide, she said:"The only thing I know about God is that God is inscrutable. In other words, I don't know a single thing about God. I'm clueless about what God is. Maybe Jesus, or the other historical figures around which religions had been built, would be more approachable. But God itself, being on a divine level, I think it's just impermeable to human intelligence. And there is a very famous classical book called The Cloud of Unknowing. There's always a cloud of unknowing over God. I think that, since God is inaccessible to people, we tend to portray Him in anthropomorphic terms. We think of the best qualities in every person and you try and project it on a giant scale on God. So in effect, God is a man-made concept. We have no clue what God is."

She stated in a separate interview in 2015:"I do not understand why God can be all love and still inflict this kind of pain on people. This God is an underachiever. He does not do whatever he is supposed to be doing, whatever his sex is. Whether he's an it or a she or a he or whatever. But I'm sure that if you were a god or if I were the God, I would be doing a better job. Therefore, the only conclusion can be that possibly, God does not exist."

In the same interview, she affirmed her views on secularism in the country.

"The Catholic Church is not the official state religion... it has to exhibit an attitude of tolerance to the other religions because the rule in constitutional law is the state should be neutral to all religions, plus those who have no religion at all—the atheists and the agnostics."

It's worth noting that the views she shared in 2015 seem to conflict with both her views in her book Stupid is Forever (published just a year prior to the 2015 interview) where she mentions her defense of the Reproductive Health Law in spite of her asserting her Catholicism, and an interview in 2016 where when asked what she does as both the last thing she does before going to sleep and first thing she does when waking up is "pray".

Defensor Santiago was featured in an episode of ABS-CBN's drama anthology Maalaala Mo Kaya in 2003 where Tessie Tomas, Julia Clarete, Maja Salvador, and Miles Ocampo played the role of Defensor Santiago in different ages. In 2016, GMA Network's television drama anthology Wagas featured the story of Defensor Santiago and her husband Narciso, where she was played by Heart Evangelista.

title: Miriam Defensor Santiago


text: Category:Companies of Slovakia

title: Category:Companies of Slovakia


text:
Hürlimann Brewery

Hürlimann Brewery is a former brewery in Zürich, Switzerland, now owned by the Rheinfelden, Aargau based brewery Feldschlösschen, which is owned by Carlsberg.

Hurlimann was founded in 1836 by Albert Hürlimann, and its management was in the same family for five generations. Hurlimann was one of the principal brewing companies of Switzerland (the other big ones being Calanda Bräu, Feldschlösschen and Cardinal Brewery).

The founder was a world leader in the scientific study of yeast, and the brewery had a long history of yeast development.

Ownership
Hürlimann was absorbed by Feldschlösschen in 1996. Feldschlösschen-Hürlimann-Gruppe was sold to Carlsberg in November 2000. Hürlimann's Sternbrau is now brewed by Shepherd Neame to its original recipe.

Samichlaus
Hürlimann was famous for brewing the extremely potent beer Samichlaus ("Santa Claus") (250ml and 330ml bottles; 14% ABV). It was a Heller-Bock or Dunkel-Bock that was made every year on December 6 and then sold the following year. It was not brewed from 1996 to 2000 due to Feldschlösschen having no interest in doing so. The rights and recipe were sold by Carlsberg to Austrian brewer Schloss Eggenberger in 2000, who now manufacture it in 750ml bottles.

Retired Brands

 * Birell [275ml bottle; 0.8% ABV],
 * Hürlimann Caesarus Imperator Heller Bock [330ml; 12.5% ABV]
 * Hürlimann Spezial Export Bier [355ml can, 5.2% ABV],
 * Hürlimann Festbier [330ml; 5.2% ABV]
 * Hürlimann Five Star [330ml bottle; 5.2% ABV]
 * Hürlimann Gold Premium [330ml bottle;5.2% ABV]
 * Hürlimann Hammer [330ml bottle; 5% ABV]
 * Hürlimann Hexenbrau ("Witch Beer") [330mml bottle; 5.4% ABV]
 * Hürlimann Panaché [500 ml can; 1.9% ABV (40% Lager Beer, 60% Lemonade)]
 * Hürlimann Sternbräu ("Star Beer") [500 ml Bottle, 500 ml can, or draft; 5.2% ABV].

Current Brands
Birell was manufactured for a while by Shepherd Neame, but was soon discontinued.

Coopers in Australia are brewing to Brauerei Hurlimanns original Birell formula for the ultra light under license from Carlsberg using Australian malted barley, hops and yeast.

Hürlimann Sternbrau Lager: Export Bier [330 ml or 500 ml Bottle, 500 ml can, or draft keg; 4.8% ABV]. Shepherd Neame manufactures this beer in Britain and exports it to Europe.

title: Hürlimann Brewery


text: Template:Allsvenskan

title: Template:Allsvenskan


text:
Eurojet Airlines

Eurojet Airlines was an airline based in France founded in 2003. It was closed on 2 January 2004 due to bankruptcy.

Fleet
The company fleet consisted of a Boeing 737-400 (registration code F-GNAO), leased from a Swiss aircompany Avione which was later on March 4, 2004 acquired by Islandsflug.

title: Eurojet Airlines


text:
1984 in art

Events from the year 1984 in art.

Events

 * November 6 - The Turner Prize is awarded for the first time, to Malcolm Morley.
 * Neue Slowenische Kunst is established.
 * First Nordik art historians' conference held, "Nordic art around the turn of the century" in Helsinki. The work of Hilma af Klint (1862–1944) is first revealed publicly, by Åke Fant.
 * Eric Hebborn admits to art forgery.
 * An x-ray of Jean-François Millet's 1870 painting The Young Shepherdess, in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, reveals an earlier painting previously presumed destroyed, The Captivity of the Jews in Babylon.

Awards

 * Archibald Prize: Keith Looby – Max Gillies

Works

 * Alberto Burri – Cretto di Burri ("Il Grande Cretto", land art, Gibellina, Sicily, Italy; work begins)
 * John Doubleday – Statue of Dylan Thomas (Marina, Swansea)
 * Jean Dubuffet – Monument with Standing Beast (fiberglass sculpture, Chicago Loop)
 * Felim Egan – Battle of Hercules and Antaeus
 * Steve Gillman – From Within Shalom (sculpture, Portland, Oregon)
 * Frederick Hart – Three Soldiers (bronze statue)
 * Nancy Holt – Dark Star Park, Rosslyn, Virginia
 * Keith Jellum – Electronic Poet (sculpture, Portland, Oregon)
 * Nabil Kanso – Apocalyptic Riders (diptych)
 * Lee Kelly – Akbar's Garden (sculpture, Eugene, Oregon)
 * R. B. Kitaj – Cecil Court, London W.C.2. (The Refugees) (1983-84)
 * Roy Lichtenstein – Brushstrokes in Flight (sculpture, Columbus, Ohio)
 * Steve McCurry – Afghan Girl (photographic portrait)
 * Malcolm Morley - Farewell to Crete
 * Odd Nerdrum – Iron Law
 * Humphrey Ocean – Philip Larkin
 * Roland Poska – From Blue to Blue
 * Gleb Savinov – Nevsky Prospekt
 * Frank Stella - Smoke Sculpture Form
 * Paul Sutinen – In the Shadow of the Elm (sculpture, Portland, Oregon)
 * David Wojnarowicz - F--- You F- F- (painting)

Births

 * May 4 – Joe Simpson, English figurative painter
 * November 29 – Yoriyas, Moroccan street photographer and breakdancer

January to June

 * January 7 – Virgilio Guidi, Italian painter (b. 1891)
 * February 6
 * Jimmy Ernst, American painter born in Germany (b. 1920)
 * Ronald Moody, Jamaican-born woodcarver (b. 1900)
 * February 12 – Tom Keating, English art restorer and forger (b. 1917)
 * March 16 – John Hoagland, American photographer (b. 1947)
 * March 20 – Paule Vézelay, English painter (b. 1892)
 * April 22 – Ansel Adams, American photographer (b. 1902)
 * April 23 – Sir Roland Penrose, English Surrealist painter and art collector (b. 1900)
 * June 3 – Peter Wilson, English art auctioneer (b. 1913)
 * June 19 – Lee Krasner, American abstract expressionist painter (b. 1908)

July to December

 * July 7 – Dirk Hannema, Dutch museum director and art collector (b. 1895).
 * July 8 – Brassaï, Hungarian photographer, sculptor and filmmaker (b. 1899)
 * July 9 – Peter Hurd, American artist (b. 1904)
 * August 2 – Quirino Cristiani, Argentine animation director and cartoonist (b. 1896).
 * September 16 – Meredith Frampton, English portrait painter (b. 1894)
 * October 7 – Arnold Akberg, Estonian painter (b. 1894)
 * October 29 – Jacques Adnet, French modernist designer, architect and interior designer (b. 1900).
 * December 1 – Roelof Frankot, Dutch painter (b. 1911)
 * December 2 - Edward James, British Surrealist art collector and poet (b. 1907)

title: 1984 in art