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Brad Meltzer

Brad Meltzer (born April 1, 1970) is an American novelist, non-fiction writer, TV show creator, and comic book author. His novels touch on the political thriller, legal thriller and conspiracy fiction genres, while he has also written superhero fiction for DC Comics and a series of short biographies of prominent people for young readers.

Early life
In 1993, Meltzer lived in Beacon Hill, Boston, Massachusetts with roommate, fellow comic book writer/artist Judd Winick, working in sales at Games magazine by day while working on his first novel by night. Afterwards Meltzer received his Juris Doctor degree from Columbia Law School, and was selected to the Columbia Law Review.

Career
Meltzer's books have appeared on the bestseller lists for fiction, non-fiction (History Decoded), advice (Heroes for My Son and Heroes for My Daughter), children's books (I Am Amelia Earhart and I Am Abraham Lincoln), and comic books (Justice League of America, for which he won an Eisner Award).

Meltzer is also responsible for helping find the missing 9/11 flag that the firefighters raised at Ground Zero at the World Trade Center site, making national news on the 15th anniversary of 9/11. Using his TV show, Brad Meltzer's Lost History, he told the story of the missing flag and asked Americans for their help in returning it. Four days later, a former Marine walked into a fire station in Everett, Washington, said that he saw Meltzer's TV show, and that he now wanted to return the flag. Meltzer unveiled the flag at the National September 11 Memorial & Museum in New York, where it is now on display.

Known for his thorough research, Meltzer counts former Presidents Bill Clinton and George H.W. Bush as fans, and both have helped him with his research. During Brad's research, Bush gave Brad the secret letter he left for President Bill Clinton in the Oval Office desk.

In September 2006, Meltzer participated in a work group with the CIA, the FBI, various psychologists, and Department of Homeland Security intelligence staff to brainstorm new ways that terrorists might attack the U.S.

As an inspirational speaker, Meltzer's TEDx Talk, "How to Write Your Own Obituary", has been viewed over 50,000 times, and prompted TED to ask him to do another TED Talk: "Write Your Story, Change History", which has been viewed over 80,000 times.

Meltzer helped preserve the house where Superman was created in Cleveland, Ohio, helping to create the Siegel & Shuster Society, then telling the story of the house and running an auction that raised over $100,000.

Meltzer has worked with numerous organizations throughout Florida to promote literacy within the State. Meltzer has worked in the past with Florida Family Literacy Initiative, and is due to participate in the Literacy Coalition of Palm Beach County's 23rd Annual Love of Literacy Luncheon in March 2014.

Meltzer was one of four authors selected to entertain at Barbara Bush's 90th birthday party in 2015.

Meltzer aided in helping save the life of his 11th grade history teacher. When his teacher told Meltzer she was sick and needed a new kidney, Meltzer asked his 100,000 Facebook fans to find her a new kidney and in the process, helped find a donor.

During Star Wars Night at the 2015 Marlins/Mets baseball game, Meltzer threw out the first pitch of the game, then proceeded to fight mascot Billy the Marlin in a lightsaber battle.

Novels
His first novel, Fraternity, garnered 24 rejection letters, but he then sold his second novel, The Tenth Justice, while in law school. In 1994, he co-wrote the original swearing-in oath that is taken by AmeriCorps members, and has been delivered by Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush. In 1996, Meltzer created one of the earliest author websites for his first published novel, The Tenth Justice. Over the years, every one of Meltzer's thrillers has made The New York Times bestseller list and The Hollywood Reporter has listed him as one of "Hollywood's Most Powerful Authors".

While Meltzer was conducting research for his 2011 novel The Inner Circle, former U.S. President George H. W. Bush gave him a copy of the secret letter that he had left in the Oval Office desk for Bill Clinton.

His popular “Culper Ring” novels, of which The President's Shadow is the third, imagine that a secret spy ring, founded in real life by George Washington, continues to exist today. His 2013 novel, The Fifth Assassin, follows a killer bent on re-creating the crimes of presidential assassinations from John Wilkes Booth to Lee Harvey Oswald.

Meltzer's 2018 novel The Escape Artist debuted at No. 1 on The New York Times Hardcover Fiction Bestseller list.

Non-fiction
In May 2010, Meltzer released his first nonfiction book, Heroes For My Son, a book he had worked on for almost a decade, beginning on the night his first son was born. The book is part of a two-book deal with Meltzer's publisher. He stated in a May 2010 interview that he was working on Heroes for My Daughter. The book is a collection of stories from the lives of 52 people such as Jim Henson, Rosa Parks and Mr. Rogers, and was written with the intention of being presented one day to his then-eight-year-old son. It debuted at #2 on The New York Times Best Seller list. Heroes for My Daughter also made The New York Times bestseller list.

In January 2014, Meltzer and artist Chris Eliopoulos launched a line of biographies for kids, starting with I Am Amelia Earhart and I Am Abraham Lincoln, which debuted on The New York Times bestseller list. The books are part of a series, Ordinary People Change the World, whose books tell the stories of America's icons in an entertaining way to engage young readers. He followed the initial books with I Am Albert Einstein, I Am Rosa Parks, I Am Lucille Ball, I Am Jackie Robinson, I Am Helen Keller, I Am Martin Luther King, Jr., I Am Jane Goodall, I Am George Washington and I Am Jim Henson. Then in October 2017, I Am Gandhi and I Am Sacagawea were released. In October 2018, PBS announced an animated adaptation of the series called Xavier Riddle and the Secret Museum, which debuted in November 2019.

In January 2019, Meltzer released The First Conspiracy: The Secret Plot to Kill George Washington, cowritten with Josh Mensch.

In May 2020, Meltzer and his co-author Josh Mensch released The Lincoln Conspiracy: The Secret Plot to Kill America's 16th President—and Why It Failed, which covers the foiled plot to kill Lincoln in 1861.

Comics
Meltzer followed director Kevin Smith's run on DC Comics' Green Arrow and created a six-issue story arc for DC Comics' Green Arrow #16–21 (October 2002 – April 2003).

In 2004 he wrote the miniseries Identity Crisis, which became one of the most controversial storylines of the decade, one of the top selling books of that decade, and also one of the most popular. It regularly makes the list of DC Comics' "best comics", "best moments", and even "best fights", praised by The New York Times and director Joss Whedon. While the miniseries holds an average score of 7.3 out of 10 at the review aggregator website Comic Book Roundup, (the lowest issue score going to issue #7, with 5.3, and the highest going to issue #1, with 8.7), it was criticized for its use of sexual violence as a plot device, for retconning events in DC continuity that critics and readers felt harmed the characterization of long-standing DC heroes,  and for influencing similar subsequent comics.

Meltzer was one of many writers and artists who contributed to Superman/Batman #26 (June 2006), a tribute book dedicated to Sam Loeb, the son of writer Jeph Loeb, who died of cancer in 2005 at the age of 17. Meltzer scripted pages 11–12 and 19 of the comic book.

Meltzer took over the writing duties for a 13-issue stint on the new monthly Justice League of America series, which started with issue #0 on July 19, 2006, and issue #1 following a month later. Meltzer and artist Gene Ha received the 2008 Eisner Award for Best Single Issue (or One-Shot) for their work on issue #11 of the series. The award was presented by Samuel L. Jackson and Gabriel Macht.

In 2008, it was announced that Meltzer would write an arc of Joss Whedon's Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight comic book for Dark Horse Comics. Whedon would later appear as himself, alongside Brian K. Vaughan and Damon Lindelof in the trailer for Meltzer's 2008 release of The Book of Lies. Whedon, Vaughan and Lindelof portray themselves as conspiracy theorists who believe in a so-called "Book of Lies" which, in Meltzer's novel, connects the original murder story (Cain and Abel) to the murder of Jerry Siegel's father, shortly before the conception of the iconic Superman character. In 2010, Meltzer wrote #32–35 of Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight.

In January 2014 Meltzer and artist Bryan Hitch collaborated on a retelling of Batman's first appearance for Detective Comics (vol. 2) #27. Meltzer and artist John Cassaday crafted the "Faster Than a Speeding Bullet" chapter in Action Comics #1000 (June 2018).

On October 12, 2023, Meltzer and a group of colleagues announced at the New York Comic Con that they were forming a cooperative media company called Ghost Machine, which would publish creator-owned comics, and allow the participating creators to benefit from the development of their intellectual properties. The company publishes its books through Image Comics, and its other founding creators includes Geoff Johns, Jason Fabok, Gary Frank, Bryan Hitch, Francis Manapul, and Peter J. Tomasi, all of whom would produce comics work exclusively through that company. Meltzer's inaugural work for Ghost Machine would be writing First Ghost, a supernatural story written set in the White House.

Television
Meltzer was the co-creator of the television series Jack & Bobby, which ran for one season (2004–2005) on the WB television network.

Meltzer hosted the History series Brad Meltzer's Decoded, which aired from December 2, 2010 to January 20, 2012.

On October 31, 2014, Brad Meltzer's Lost History premiered on History's H2 network, with Meltzer hosting. Each episode of Lost History presents both solved and unsolved cases and success stories where Americans have helped find missing historic objects such as the Ground Zero flag from 9/11 and the original Wright Brothers flying machine patent. Viewers are encouraged to submit tips to an online site, in an effort to provide key information leading to the return of these treasures. In September 2016, Meltzer hosted America's 9/11 Flag: Rose from the Ashes, which recounts how Lost History located and authenticated the missing 9/11 flag.

Personal life
Meltzer lives in Florida with his wife, an attorney. He has two sons and a daughter. He is Jewish.

DC Comics

 * Green Arrow vol. 3 #16–21 (with Phil Hester, 2002–2003) collected as Green Arrow: The Archer's Quest (hc, 176 pages, 2003, ISBN 1-4012-0010-9; tpb, 2004, ISBN 1-401-20044-3)
 * Identity Crisis #1–7 (with Rags Morales, 2004–2005) collected as Identity Crisis (hc, 288 pages, 2005, ISBN 1-4012-0688-3; tpb, 2006, ISBN 1-4012-0458-9; Absolute Edition, 2011, ISBN 1-4012-3258-2)
 * Superman/Batman #26 (with Ian Churchill and Carlos Pacheco, two short sequences among other writers and artists, 2006) collected in Superman/Batman Volume 2 (tpb, 336 pages, 2014, ISBN 1-4012-5079-3)
 * Justice League of America vol. 2 (with Ed Benes, Shane Davis (#8), Gene Ha (#11) and Eric Wight (#12), 2006–2007) collected as:
 * The Tornado's Path (collects #1–7, hc, 224 pages, 2007, ISBN 1-4012-1349-9; tpb, 2008, ISBN 1-40121-580-7)
 * The Lightning Saga (collects #0 and 8–12, hc, 224 pages, 2008, ISBN 1-401-21652-8; tpb, 2009, ISBN 1-4012-1869-5)
 * Justice League of America by Brad Meltzer (collects #0–12, hc, 470 pages, 2020, ISBN 1-7795-0245-1)
 * DC Universe: Last Will and Testament (with Adam Kubert, one-shot, 2008) collected in Final Crisis Omnibus (hc, 1,512 pages, 2018, ISBN 1-4012-8503-1)
 * Batman:
 * Detective Comics vol. 2 #27: "The Case of the Chemical Syndicate" (with Bryan Hitch, co-feature, 2014) collected in Batman: Detective Comics — Gothopia (hc, 208 pages, 2014, ISBN 1-40124-998-1; tpb, 2015, ISBN 1-40125-466-7)
 * DC 100-Page Comic Giant: Our Fighting Forces: "Medal of Honor" (co-written by Meltzer and Salvatore Giunta, art by Jim Lee, co-feature in one-shot, 2020)
 * Action Comics #1000: "Faster Than a Speeding Bullet" (with John Cassaday, co-feature, 2018)

Other publishers

 * Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight #32–35: "Twilight" (with Georges Jeanty, Dark Horse, 2010) collected in Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight Volume 4 (hc, 320 pages, 2013, ISBN 1-6165-5127-5)
 * Aw Yeah Comics! #2: "The Best Fight Ever!" (co-written by Meltzer and his son Theo, art by Franco Aureliani, co-feature, Aw Yeah, 2013) collected in Aw Yeah Comics! And... Action! (tpb, 152 pages, Dark Horse, 2014, ISBN 1-6165-5558-0)
 * Love is Love (untitled one-page story, with Chris Eliopoulos, anthology graphic novel, 144 pages, IDW Publishing, 2016, ISBN 1-6314-0939-5)
 * Marvel Comics #1000: "We're Calling Him Ben" (with Julian Totino Tedesco, anthology, Marvel, 2019) collected in Marvel Comics 1000 (hc, 144 pages, 2020, ISBN 1-3029-2137-1)

title: Brad Meltzer


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Philosophical sin

The existence of philosophical sin was a debate waged in the Catholic Church in the late seventeenth century. A philosophical sin is a morally bad act which violates the natural order of reason, not the divine law. The idea of philosophical sin, as opposed to theological sin, was advocated by those who wished to construct a moral system independent of God.

Stances
Those who believed in God and divine law yet contended for a distinction between philosophical and theological sin maintained that there are morally bad acts that, while violating the order of reason, are not offensive to God. They believed that the sinner can be ignorant of the existence of God and that, without the knowledge or consideration of God, it is impossible to offend him.

This doctrine of philosophical sin was censured as scandalous, temerarious, and erroneous by Pope Alexander VIII in 1690 in his condemnation of the following proposition: ""Philosophical or moral sin is a human act not in agreement with rational nature and right reason; theological and mortal sin is a free transgression of the Divine law. However grievous it may be, philosophical sin in one who is either ignorant of God or does not actually think of God, is indeed a grievous sin, but not an offense to God, nor a mortal sin dissolving friendship with God, nor worthy of eternal punishment.""

The Catholic Church maintains the contrary view that sin can be offensive to God even if the sinner either does not know or does not consider God.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Philosophical sin


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The Century: America's Time

The Century: America's Time is a 15-part television series of documentaries produced by ABC News about the 20th century and the rise of the United States as a superpower. The documentary originally aired on The History Channel in 1999. Peter Jennings, anchor of ABC World News Tonight narrates the series.

Along with distinguished journalist Todd Brewster, Jennings co-authored a book titled The Century which became a national bestseller. This series is part of the History Channel's "Cable in The Classroom" curriculum and the study guides for each episode can be found on their website, under the letter "C".

ABC ran a mini-marathon of the series on September 15, 2001, in reaction to the September 11 attacks. The marathon signaled the transition from 24/7 news coverage, which had gone uninterrupted since the first reports of an incident at the World Trade Center, back to "normal" programming.

title: The Century: America's Time


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Georgia Highlands College

Georgia Highlands College (Georgia Highlands or GHC) is a public college in northwest Georgia. It has locations in Floyd County (near Rome), Cartersville, Marietta, and Dallas and serves the northwest parts of Georgia, as well as parts of east Alabama and southeast Tennessee. A member of the University System of Georgia, the college was originally a community college and has since expanded to also offer bachelor degrees. Between 5,700 and 6,100 students are enrolled at GHC in any given semester, representing 49 different countries. In 2020, the college had a record high number of graduates and an economic impact of over $181 million.

History
Established in 1968 and opened in 1970 as Floyd Junior College, the school was originally named for Floyd County, of which Rome is the county seat, which was in turn named after John Floyd. It was later shortened to just Floyd College in 1987. In April 2005, the Georgia Board of Regents voted to change the school's name, and on August 1, 2005, the institution officially became Georgia Highlands College to reflect the regional nature of the population it serves. The college has expanded its service area by opening new instructional sites in 1994, 2005, 2009, and 2010.

Academics
Georgia Highlands College currently offers Associate degrees, and eight Bachelor degrees, including Bachelor of Science degrees, and Bachelor of Business Administration degrees. The college provides over twenty Associate pathways and Bachelor programs entirely online. In 2020, the college completed an academic reorganization from Divisions to Schools within the college.

Georgia Highlands College is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges. GHC's Associate of Science in Nursing degree and its Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree are accredited by the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN). The Dental Hygiene program is accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation and the Associate of Science in Nursing is approved by the Georgia Board of Nursing.

Faculty
In 2016, GHC's full-time faculty was 57% female and 87% white. 73.2% of the GHC faculty was full-time and ranked Assistant, Associate, or full Professor, while 26.8% had the rank of Instructor. As of Fall 2016, 51% of the full-time faculty had tenure, 22% were on track for tenure, and 26.8% were not on the tenure track. All full-time faculty had a master's degree as required by SACS, and 30% additionally had a terminal degree such as a doctorate The full-time faculty to student ratio at GHC is 21:1.

Campuses
Georgia Highlands College offers courses and services at the original campus and at five additional instructional sites.

Floyd Campus
GHC was founded as Floyd Junior College in 1970 in Rome, Georgia. The campus includes Bishop Observatory, a library, the Lakeview Auditorium building, the McCorkle and Walraven academic buildings, a tennis court, and fields for soccer, softball, and baseball. This site includes Paris Lake and has access to a 20-acre tract behind the campus that has been set aside as a protected natural wetland ecosystem, which includes a 1,200-foot boardwalk and two observation platforms. In 2015, the Floyd campus began housing a new Georgia Public Safety Training Center (GPSTC), offering training for law enforcement officers.

Cartersville Instructional Site
GHC began offering classes in a small space in downtown Cartersville, Georgia in the 1980s. The current Cartersville location was opened in 2005. The site includes a 55,000-square-foot student center designed with a mountain lodge feel that matches the original classroom building and has a two-story stone fireplace in the open-air student lounge as its centerpiece. Along with the campus bookstore, the center houses a small café, a game room, a weight and cardio room, two volleyball/basketball courts, and a suspended indoor running track.

In 2017, the University System of Georgia approved $17.7 million in funds to construct a new STEAM building at the Cartersville site. The building, which features new classrooms and lab rooms, opened to students in Spring 2019.

Heritage Hall Instructional Site
The James D. Maddox Heritage Hall Instructional Site, in downtown Rome, Georgia, has been in operation by GHC since 1994 and houses the college's Division of Health Sciences nursing and dental hygiene programs. Heritage Hall also houses the GHC Foundation and the Marketing and Communications office. The Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) program is also housed at the site.

Marietta Instructional Site
The Marietta site opened in 2005. This location became GHC's third site, opening for classes on the campus of Southern Polytechnic State University (SPSU) (now Kennesaw State University (KSU). In 2022, GHC relocated to 1090 Northchase Parkway, Suite 150 in Marietta. The site includes a lab, learning commons, and several classrooms.

Paulding Instructional Site
The Paulding location in Dallas was opened in 2009. Administrative offices, classrooms, and the library are located in the Bagby building and the Winn building in the Dallas Town Square. Kennesaw State University and GHC have several active partnership programs available at the Paulding site, including degrees in Psychology, Elementary & Early Childhood Education, and Integrative Studies.

In 2018, the University System of Georgia approved $4.1 million in funds to renovate the buildings at the Paulding site. The renovations will provide space for further course offerings, allowing more complete degrees at the Paulding site.

Demographics
The student body at Georgia Highlands College is relatively diverse. Over 60% of students are female, and 24% are non-traditional age students (24–65 years old). The median student age is 23. 69% of students are white/Caucasian, 17% are black/African American, and 8% are Hispanic/Latino. GHC has an active veteran cohort of students, and was ranked a “Top School for Veterans” by Military Advanced Education in 2012, and from 2014 to 2018.

Clubs and organizations
The largest club at the college, Brother 2 Brother (B2B), encourages excellence among minority male students. B2B began as part of the Georgia Highlands African-American & Minority Male Excellence program (GHAME) in 2008. GHC B2B won outstanding chapter of the year several times at the 300+ member national Student African American Brotherhood Conference. GHC's chapter of the national academic organization Phi Theta Kappa (PTK) was recognized as Regional Top Distinguished Chapter Overall in 2016, 2017, and 2018. The Six Mile Post, GHC's student newspaper, consistently wins awards for student articles, artwork, editing, photography, and advertising at the Southern Regional Press Institute and the Georgia College Press Association. For four decades, the college has published Old Red Kimono, an annual book of student artwork, poetry, and short stories. Since 2010, students at GHC can compete in a public speaking competition funded in part by the Rome Area Council for the Arts.

GHC also offers students business focused clubs such as Business Leaders of Tomorrow and Logistics and Supply Chain Management Association. These business clubs focus on developing relationships between students and local industry leaders as well as developing workforce related skills. The club membership is mainly filled with bachelor level students, but are open to all GHC students on all campuses regardless of major.

Student clubs and GHC Student Support Services began offering food pantry services in partnership with the Atlanta Food Bank in 2017 to students that are food insecure. Since 2005, the college has hosted Foundation Summer Camp, a free service for boys that includes STEAM and athletic activities.

Since 1997, GHC has offered geology field credit for summer trips to Wyoming. GHC partners with KSU to offer semester abroad trips with credit courses in Montepulciano, Italy. GHC regularly offers biology credit trips to Costa Rica and culture/business credit trips to European countries.

Athletics
Georgia Highlands College, nicknamed the Chargers, is a Division I member of the Georgia Collegiate Athletic Association (GCAA) and Region XVII of the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA). Men's sports include basketball and baseball. Women's sports include basketball and softball. The athletics program began play in the 2012-2013 season with men's and women's basketball, and added baseball and softball the following year (2014). The men's basketball team has won Regional Championships in 2015, 2016, and 2017. The women's basketball team won a regional title in 2016 and the women's baseball team won a regional title in 2017. The Charger mascot is named “Bolt”.

title: Georgia Highlands College


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Aberdeen North

Aberdeen North may refer to:
 * Aberdeen North (UK Parliament constituency)
 * Aberdeen North (Scottish Parliament constituency)

title: Aberdeen North


text: User talk:68.74.145.50

title: User talk:68.74.145.50


text:
Airdrie and Shotts (UK Parliament constituency)

Airdrie and Shotts is a constituency of the UK House of Commons, located in central Scotland within the North Lanarkshire council area. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) at least once every five years using the first-past-the-post system of voting.

The constituency has existed since 1997; however, it underwent significant boundary changes in 2005. Before 2015, it could have been described as a safe seat for the Labour Party, who held it with a majority of over 12,000 votes until Neil Gray of the Scottish National Party (SNP) was elected at that year's general election. Former MPs for the constituency include: Pamela Nash, former Baby of the House, John Reid, former Labour Home Secretary and Defence Secretary, and Helen Liddell, former Labour Scottish Secretary.

It is a generally working-class, urban seat, and contains the towns of Airdrie, Calderbank, Chapelhall, Glenmavis and Shotts.

From 2015-2021, the Member of Parliament for the seat was Neil Gray of the SNP. He resigned in March 2021 to run for a seat in the Scottish Parliament, triggering a by-election, which was won by Anum Qaisar. The seat was re-gained by Labour at the 2024 general election and is currently represented by Kenneth Stevenson.

Constituency profile
The majority of this constituency maintains the boundaries of its predecessor. From the North Lanarkshire constituency come Holytown and Newarthill. This seat is positioned on either side of the M8 motorway to Glasgow. Small semi-urban towns such as Shotts (including Stane and Dykehead) were added to Airdrie in the 1997 redistribution to form this seat, the predecessor of which was Monklands East. An area in the eastern part of Coatbridge is also part of the constituency.

Electoral Calculus describes the seat as "Traditional", characterised by working class people with lower levels of income and formal education.

Boundaries and history
1997–2005: The Monklands District electoral divisions of Airdrie North and Airdrie South, and the Motherwell District electoral division of Fortissat.

2005–2024: The North Lanarkshire Council wards of academy, Airdrie Central, Airdrie North, Airdrie South, Benhar, Calderbank, Chapelhall, Clarkston, Craigneuk and Petersburn, Dykehead, Holytown, New Monkland West, Newarthill, Newmains, North Cairnhill and Coatdyke, Plains and Caldercruix, Salsburgh, South East Cairnhill and Gartlea, Stane, and Whinhall. In 2007 these were converted into multi-member wards, with the following falling within the constituency: Airdrie Central, Airdrie North, Airdrie South, Fortissat, Mossend and Holytown (part), Murdostoun (part).

The 2005 changes saw the seat lose some territory to Motherwell and Wishaw whilst gaining part of Hamilton North and Bellshill. It proved to be a Labour Party stronghold from its creation until the Scottish National Party gained it at the 2015 general election, with Neil Gray winning the seat from Pamela Nash by 8,779 votes. Gray's majority dipped to just 195 in the 2017 election. However, in the 2019 election he won by 5,201 votes.

On 24 March 2021 it was formally announced that Neil Gray had officially stood down as the Member of Parliament for Airdrie and Shotts to contest the 2021 Scottish Parliament election seat of the same name.

Following the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies the constituency was redrawn with minor changes before 2024 general election.


text:
User talk:Dicque~enwiki

Welcome!

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Image copyright tags
Thanks for uploading Image:Melvinhouse.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag.

Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images and I'll tag them for you.

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title: User talk:Dicque~enwiki


text:
Aldershot (UK Parliament constituency)

Aldershot is a constituency in Hampshire represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament.

The seat was represented by the Conservative Party from its creation in 1918 to the 2024 general election, when it was won by Alex Baker of the Labour Party.

Political history
Aldershot elected a Conservative as its MP from its creation in 1918 to the 2024 general election.

From 1974 to 2010 (inclusive) Liberal Democrats (or predecessor, Liberals) polled second. In 2015 and 2017 the Labour candidate was runner-up.

The 2015 result saw the seat rank 123rd safest of the Conservative Party's 331 seats by percentage of majority. In June 2016, 57.9% of local adults voting in the EU membership referendum chose to leave the European Union instead of to remain. This was matched in two January 2018 votes in Parliament by its MP.

In the 2017 general election, Leo Docherty won the seat after Howarth retired. The seat saw a further increase in the Labour vote, like much of the South East amid its national rise to 40% of the vote, the highest since 2001 when the party was in government.

Boundaries
1918–1950: The Urban Districts of Aldershot, Farnborough, and Fleet, and the Rural District of Hartley Wintney.

1950–1974: The Borough of Aldershot, the Urban Districts of Farnborough and Fleet, and the Rural District of Hartley Wintney. The constituency boundaries remained unchanged.

1974–1983: The Borough of Aldershot, the Urban Districts of Farnborough and Fleet, and in the Rural District of Hartley Wintney the parishes of Crondall, Crookham Village, Hawley, and Yateley.

1983–1997: The Borough of Rushmoor, and the District of Hart wards of Eversley, Frogmore and Darby Green, Hartley Wintney, Hawley, Whitewater, Yateley East, Yateley North, and Yateley West.

1997–2010: The Borough of Rushmoor, and the District of Hart wards of Frogmore and Darby Green, Hawley, Yateley East, Yateley North, and Yateley West.

2010–2024: The Borough of Rushmoor, and the District of Hart wards of Blackwater and Hawley, and Frogmore and Darby Green.

2024-present: Further to the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, enacted by the Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023, from the 2024 United Kingdom general election, the constituency is composed of the following wards (as they existed on 1 December 2020):

 * The District of Hart wards of: Blackwater and Hawley; Yateley East.
 * The Borough of Rushmoor.

Small expansion in boundaries to take account of changes to the ward structure in the District of Hart.

Constituency profile
The constituency includes the towns Aldershot and Farnborough in the north-east of Hampshire which have research, development and production sites of information technology and light industrial major commercial businesses such as in aviation at Farnborough Airport, storage and distribution, and military supply businesses. Aldershot is a major training and residential base of the British Army. Adding to steady employment and high income sectors, two 35 minutes to one-hour journey time passenger lines to Central London, serve the south and north of the mixed functionalist urban and leafy, relatively grand suburbia seat.

Aldershot itself has some Labour councillors, along with one strong ward in Farnborough (Cherrywood), but the majority of wards, particularly in the smaller rural towns and villages are safely Conservative, which led to the latter holding the seat with solid or large majorities from its creation 100 years ago up until 2024. At that election, Conservative MP Leo Docherty suffered a 23.2% swing against him, one of the highest ever seen at a general election, and Labour's Alex Baker became the first non-Conservative MP to represent the area since 1857.

Members of Parliament
Basingstoke prior to 1918

title: Aldershot (UK Parliament constituency)


text:
User:Scroteau96

No longer active

title: User:Scroteau96


text:
Jegunovce

Jegunovce is one of the larger villages in the Polog Valley, North Macedonia. It is located about 10 mi (15 km) northeast of the Macedonian city of Tetovo. It is the center of the Jegunovce Municipality.

History
Jegunovce began to grow from a village into a small town after World War II, when the new Yugoslav government under Josip Broz Tito built a large metallurgical plant (working mostly with chromium) in the area. The plant was named Jugohrom, and was one of the largest employers in Yugoslavia. The plant was renamed Silmak in 2002, and closed in 2006. After reopening and closing later on again in early 2009 due to the world financial crisis and rapid decline in demand, Silmak started its operations again in July, 2009.

Demographics
According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 846 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:

 * Macedonians 804
 * Serbs 13
 * Romani 21
 * Others 8

In statistics gathered by Vasil Kanchov in 1900, the village of Jegunovce was inhabited by 110 Orthodox Bulgarians.

Sports
The local football club is FK Jugohrom.

title: Jegunovce


text:
Ashford (UK Parliament constituency)

Ashford is a constituency in Kent created in 1885 and represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Sojan Joseph of the Labour Party.

Constituency profile
The constituency includes all of Ashford, which is seeing significant housing expansion and has a manufacturing and services employment base; and surrounding rural areas including Tenterden and Wye. Residents' health and wealth are in line with UK averages. Due to population growth in Ashford itself, the 2023 boundary review proposes that Tenterden is removed from the Ashford constituency.

Boundaries
Ashford constituency contains the large town of Ashford which has Ashford International railway station, and smaller towns, villages, towns or town suburbs which are organised communities into civil parishes. Ashford town centre, its north and its west are the only unparished areas.

1885–1918: The Municipal Borough of Tenterden, the Sessional Divisions of Ashford and Cranbrook, the corporate towns of Lydd and New Romney, and part of the Liberty of Romney Marsh.

1918–1950: The Municipal Boroughs of Lydd, New Romney, and Tenterden, the Urban District of Ashford, and the Rural Districts of Cranbrook, East Ashford, Romney Marsh, Tenterden, and West Ashford.

1950–1974: The Municipal Borough of Tenterden, the Urban District of Ashford, and the Rural Districts of Cranbrook, East Ashford, Tenterden, and West Ashford.

1974–1983: The Municipal Borough of Tenterden, the Urban District of Ashford, and the Rural Districts of East Ashford, Tenterden, and West Ashford. Cranbrook Rural District was transferred to the new Royal Tunbridge Wells constituency.

1983–2010: The Borough of Ashford. The constituency boundaries remained unchanged from 1974.

2010–2024: The Borough of Ashford wards of Aylesford Green, Beaver, Biddenden, Bockhanger, Boughton Aluph and Eastwell, Bybrook, Charing, Downs North, Downs West, Godinton, Great Chart with Singleton North, Highfield, Isle of Oxney, Kennington, Little Burton Farm, Norman, North Willesborough, Park Farm North, Park Farm South, Rolvenden and Tenterden West, St Michael's, Singleton South, South Willesborough, Stanhope, Stour, Tenterden North, Tenterden South, Victoria, Washford, Weald Central, Weald East, Weald North, Weald South, and Wye.

2024–present: Following the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, enacted by the Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023, first contested at the 2024 United Kingdom general election, the constituency is composed of the following electoral wards (as they existed on 1 December 2020):

 * The Borough of Ashford wards of: Aylesford & East Stour; Beaver; Bircholt; Bockhanger; Bybrook; Conningbrook & Little Burton Farm; Furley; Goat Lees; Godinton; Highfield; Kennington; Mersham, Sevington South with Finberry; Norman; Park Farm North; Park Farm South; Repton; Roman; Singleton East; Singleton West; Stanhope; Victoria; Washford; Willesborough; Wye with Hinxhill.
 * The District of Folkestone and Hythe wards of: North Downs East; North Downs West.

The bulk of the geographic area of the constituency, including the town of Tenterden, and comprising approximately 35% of the current electorate ''was moved to the newly created constituency of Weald of Kent. To partly compensate, the two North Downs wards were transferred from Folkestone and Hythe.''

Political history
Created under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, Ashford has been won by a Conservative at every election except that of 1929 when it was won by a Liberal, after that party's turn towards the left marked by the People's Budget in 1911, who won with a majority of less than 1% of the vote.

The most marginal victory since 1929 occurred in 1997 when its voters returned a Conservative who won by a 9.7% majority. The 2015 result made the seat the 106th safest of the Conservative Party's 331 seats by percentage of majority.

In June 2016, an estimated 60% of local adults voting in the EU membership referendum chose to leave the European Union instead of to remain. This was matched in two January 2018 votes in Parliament by its MP.

The Conservatives lost the seat at the 2024 general election to Sojan Joseph of the Labour Party; this symbolised the first time in the seat's history that it was won by Labour.

Members of Parliament
West Kent prior to 1885

title: Ashford (UK Parliament constituency)


text:
Gustave Gilbert

Gustave Mark Gilbert (September 30, 1911 – February 6, 1977) was an American psychologist best known for his writings containing observations of high-ranking Nazi leaders during the Nuremberg trials. His 1950 book The Psychology of Dictatorship was an attempt to profile the Nazi German dictator Adolf Hitler using as reference the testimonials of Hitler's closest generals and commanders. Gilbert's published work is still a subject of study in many universities and colleges, especially in the field of psychology.

Early life and education
Gilbert was born in the state of New York in 1911, the son of Jewish-Austrian immigrants. He won a scholarship from the School for Ethical Culture at the College Town Center in New York. He attended the City College of New York where he majored in German before switching to psychology. In 1939, Gilbert obtained his PhD degree in psychology from Columbia University. Gilbert also held a diploma from the American Board of Examiners in professional psychology.

During World War II, Gilbert was commissioned with the rank of First Lieutenant. Because of his knowledge of German, he was sent overseas as a translator.

Nuremberg trials
In 1945, after the end of the war, Gilbert was sent to Nuremberg, Germany, as a translator for the International Military Tribunal for the trials of the World War II German prisoners. Gilbert was appointed the prison psychologist of the German prisoners. During the process of the trials Gilbert became, after Douglas Kelley, the confidant of Hermann Göring, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Wilhelm Keitel, Hans Frank, Oswald Pohl, Otto Ohlendorf, Rudolf Höss, and Ernst Kaltenbrunner, among others. Gilbert and Kelley administered the Rorschach inkblot test to the 22 defendants in the Nazi leadership group prior to the first set of trials. Gilbert also participated in the Nuremberg trials as the American Military Chief Psychologist and provided testimony attesting to the sanity of Rudolf Hess.

Gilbert also administered IQ tests to the Nazi leadership. Hjalmar Schacht scored highest with 143 points, followed by Arthur Seyss-Inquart and Göring. Julius Streicher scored lowest with 106 points.

In 1946, after the trials, Gilbert returned to the US. Gilbert stayed busy teaching, researching, and writing. In 1947 he published part of his diary, consisting of observations taken during interviews, interrogations, "eavesdropping" and conversations with German prisoners, under the title Nuremberg Diary. (This diary was reprinted in full in 1961 just before the trial of Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem.)

The following is a famous exchange Gilbert had with Göring from this book:

"Göring: Why, of course, the people don't want war. Why would some poor slob on a farm want to risk his life in a war when the best that he can get out of it is to come back to his farm in one piece? Naturally, the common people don't want war; neither in Russia, nor in England, nor in America, nor for that matter in Germany. That is understood. But, after all, it is the leaders of the country who determine the policy and it is always a simple matter to drag the people along, whether it is a democracy, or a fascist dictatorship, or a parliament, or a communist dictatorship.

Gilbert: There is one difference. In a democracy the people have some say in the matter through their elected representatives, and in the United States only Congress can declare wars.

Göring: Oh, that is all well and good, but, voice or no voice, the people can always be brought to the bidding of the leaders. That is easy. All you have to do is tell them they are being attacked, and denounce the pacifists for lack of patriotism and exposing the country to danger. It works the same way in any country."

Later life
In 1948, as Head Psychologist at the Veterans Hospital at Lyons, NJ, Gilbert treated veterans of World Wars I and II who had suffered nervous breakdowns.

In 1950, Gilbert published The Psychology of Dictatorship: Based on an Examination of the Leaders of Nazi Germany. In this book, Gilbert made an attempt to portray a profile of the psychological behavior of Adolf Hitler, based on deductive work from eyewitness reports from Hitler's commanders in prison in Nuremberg.

In September 1954, while he was an Associate Professor of Psychology at Michigan State College, Gilbert attended the 62nd Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association in New York. Gilbert was part of a four-person panel discussing "Psychological Approaches to the Problem of Anti-Intellectualism."

In 1961, when he was the chairman of the psychology department of Long Island University in Brooklyn, Gilbert was summoned to testify in the trial of Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem. Gilbert testified on May 29, 1961, describing how both Ernst Kaltenbrunner and Rudolf Höss tried in their conversations with him to put the responsibility for the extermination of the Jews on each other's doorstep. Nevertheless, Eichmann appeared in the accounts of both men. Then he presented a document, handwritten by Höss, that surveys the process of extermination at Auschwitz and different sums of people gassed there – under Höss as commandant and according to an oral report by Eichmann. The court decided not to accept Gilbert's psychological analyses of the prisoners at Nuremberg as part of his testimony.

In 1967, Gilbert convinced Leon Pomeroy, then a recent graduate from University of Texas at Austin, to build a clinical doctoral program in the field of psychology at Long Island University. At the time, Gilbert was serving as chairman of the psychology department of Long Island University in Brooklyn, New York.

Gilbert died on 6 February 1977.

Portrayal in popular culture
Gustave Gilbert has been portrayed by the following actors in film, television and theater productions; Also, the character "Abe Fields" in Michael Koehlmeier's 2008 book Abendland ("Occident") who is based on Gustave Gilbert (see the interview with the author in the Austrian paper Der Falter of 15. 8. 2007). In the book, Abe Fields sits in on the trials as psychologist and speaks to the defendants.
 * Jan Englert in the 1970 Polish film Epilog norymberski
 * Matt Craven in the 2000 Canadian/US TV production Nuremberg
 * August Zirner in the 2005 German docudrama Speer und Er
 * Robert Jezek in the 2006 British television production Nuremberg: Goering's Last Stand
 * Adam Godley in the 2006 British television docudrama Nuremberg: Nazis on Trial

Selected works

 * (1947). Nuremberg Diary. Farrar, Straus and Company: New York.
 * (1948). "Hermann Göring: Amiable Psychopath". Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 43, 211–229.
 * (1950). The Psychology of Dictatorship: Based on an Examination of the Leaders of Nazi Germany. New York: The Ronald Press Company.
 * (1951). "Stereotype persistence and change among college students". Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 46, 245–254.

title: Gustave Gilbert


text:
David Wallace (Indiana politician)

David Wallace (April 24, 1799 – September 4, 1859) was the sixth governor of the US state of Indiana. The Panic of 1837 occurred just before his election and the previous administration, which he had been part of, had taken on a large public debt. During his term the state entered a severe financial crisis that crippled the state's internal improvement projects. He advocated several measures to delay the inevitable insolvency of the state. Because of his connection to the internal improvement platform, his party refused to nominate him to run for a second term. The situation continued to deteriorate rapidly and led to state bankruptcy in his successor's term. After his term as governor, he became a congressman, then chairman of the Indiana Whig party before becoming a state judge, a position he held until his death.

Family and background
David Wallace was born in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, on April 24, 1799, the oldest of the seven children of Andrew and Eleanor Wallace. His father was a surveyor and tavern owner who became close friends with William Henry Harrison while the two served together in the War of 1812. The family benefited from Harrison's patronage. Wallace's brother, William H. Wallace, was appointed as the fourth governor of the Washington Territory and first governor of the Idaho Territory; another brother, John M. Wallace, was appointed Indiana Adjutant General.

His family moved to Ohio and settled near Cincinnati when he was a young boy. Wallace later attended Miami College before his family again moved to Brookville, Indiana, in 1817. With the help of Harrison, Wallace secured entrance into the United States Military Academy. He graduated from West Point in 1821 and served as a lieutenant of artillery and taught mathematics at the school, but resigned his commission after about a year in the service. He later served as a captain and colonel in the 7th Regiment, Indiana Militia.

When Wallace left the army he returned to his family in Brookville. There he began to study law in the office of Judge Miles C. Eggleston, and was admitted to the bar in 1823. He entered into a practice with Congressman John Test and married to his daughter, Esther French Test on November 10, 1824. They had four children together, one of whom was Lew Wallace, author of the novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ and Governor of New Mexico Territory. He is also the father of Edward Wallace, who fought in the Mexican-American war and the American Civil War. In 1836, after the death of his first wife, David married Zerelda Gray Sanders, a leader in the temperance movement, and together they had six children.

His brother, William H. Wallace (1811-1879), also became active in politics, serving as a U.S. Representative from Idaho Territory and Washington Territory, first governor of Idaho Territory, and fourth governor of Washington Territory.

Legislator
In 1828, Wallace was elected to the Indiana House of Representatives, where he served until 1831, when he was elected the sixth Lieutenant Governor on the Whig ticket with Noah Noble. As Lieutenant Governor he led the debate in the state senate to create the Bank of Indiana and gained a reputation as a skilled orator. Wallace was an outspoken advocate of the state's internal improvement projects, and painted a rosy picture of the state's situation during his campaign for governor. His family moved to Covington during his term.

During his second term as Lieutenant Governor, the state passed the Mammoth Internal Improvement Act. Although it was at first extremely popular, it had soon become apparent to state leaders that it was leading the state to financial ruin. The problem was not fully evident when Wallace ran for governor in 1837, but was a small part of his election campaign. He was elected largely because of his prior support to the improvement act, which the public still supported, and his support from the popular governor Noah Noble.

Governor
Wallace's term as governor was marred by the Panic of 1837 and years of economic uncertainty which followed. Indiana had been enjoying a period of internal improvements of roads and canals, but nearly all such projects ended during this financial crisis. He was able to help arrange the state's finances to delay the inevitable bankruptcy of the state. The deficit only worsened, and by the end of his term, the state's income only covered 20% of its expenditures—interest on the massive state debt being over two-thirds of the budget. The last year of his term, work on all the projects was halted. Wallace delivered an address to the General Assembly to inform them that the works were almost entirely worthless in their present condition and the state's credit had been exhausted. He informed the legislature that the state would be insolvent in the following year.

The last of the Indian removals in Indiana occurred during Wallace's term, and only the few unwilling to leave voluntarily remained in the state. The 1833 Treaty of Chicago with the Potawatomi led to their removal. Wallace ordered General and U.S. Senator John Tipton to remove the band of 859 Potawatomi from the vicinity of Plymouth, Indiana, and send them to the Kansas Territory. Forty-two Potawatomi, mostly children, died from disease and the stress of the two-month march in what became known as the "Trail of Death".

During his term, Wallace set the date Indiana would observe Thanksgiving. On November 4, 1839, he issued an executive order making November 28 Thanksgiving Day. Wallace claimed to have done so at the request of representatives from different state churches.

By the end of his term, the impending financial disaster was becoming apparent to the state's residents. Seeking to break away from failing projects, the Whigs moved against projects and nominated Samuel Bigger to run for governor, denying Wallace and his pro-internal improvement position a spot on the Whig ticket. Wallace then returned to his law practice.

Later life
After his term as governor, Wallace was elected in 1841 to the U.S. House of Representatives from the Indianapolis district, defeating Nathan B. Palmer. While in Congress he supported federal spending on the development of the telegraph, for which he was ridiculed by his opponents, but was later vindicated by the success of the technology. Wallace failed in his attempt for reelection in 1843, being defeated by William J. Brown who won by 1,085 votes.

Wallace returned to Indiana where he became chairman of the state's Whig party in 1846. He served as a member of Indiana's constitutional convention in 1850–1851. His name is only mentioned nine times in the convention records and unlike the other former governors who attended, he did not play a major role in the convention. Wallace then became a judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Marion County from 1856 until his death.

Wallace died suddenly, without having been ill, on September 4, 1859, in Indianapolis, Indiana and is buried in Crown Hill Cemetery.

title: David Wallace (Indiana politician)


text:
Talk:Between the Buttons

US v. UK version
When they put Between the Buttons onto CD, did they keep the two separate versions? I know the Beatles mainly went with the British versions (with the one exception of Magical Mystery Tour) for all CDs on both sides of the Atlantic, but did The Stones do the same, or do the CDs in the US and UK vary accordingly

I have shopped everywhere for the rare UK import LP, I used to always ask at Bleeker Bob's downtown, he got so annoyed he used to put a sign up in the window for me. But now I see that for 60 bucks I can pick it up on Amazon. There are three used copies but the first says it includes Let's spend the night together from before the reprinting, which confused me. Is the seller, from NM, simply confused? Or was there first a brit print with the tracks on LP? There are two others, one mono one stereo, both around 60 to 100 bucks. The mono is more expensive because I guess it is more rare, which I found interesting too, quirky. But I can also now get the 45 with let's spend/ruby for 35 bucks.

Hello? Beatlemania? Wrong board dude. Please, when we're talking about Satanic let's not bring Magical Mysery Tour into the discussion and ruin things, though that bird from Germany with the death cab for cutie tassles was alright I'll say.

I'd like to suggest, btw, that we could get a Cockney translation of the page as well as Spanish and French and German.

That was the policy, when the Rolling Stones issued their back catalogue on Super Audio compact discs, that if the British and American versions of the album differed, then both versions would be issued. In the pre-CD era in Australia they released Between the Buttons with the British track listing. 06:26, 16 May 2014 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Eligius (talk • contribs)

Fair use rationale for Image:BetweenButtonsLP.jpg
Image:BetweenButtonsLP.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 01:33, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Between The Buttons.jpg
Image:Between The Buttons.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 01:18, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Betweenthebuttons.jpg
Image:Betweenthebuttons.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 02:55, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

brian on kazoo?
it might of been keith playing kazzoo on cool, calm collected, look in to this please  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.21.61.25 (talk) 17:46, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

baroque pop
which track is baroque pop, i think none of them. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.196.241.152 (talk) 20:06, 11 August 2009 (UTC)

you have to remember the zeitgeist of the times, the fashion. david turns mick onto the violin and dave's schtick is how the baroque is the essence of complexity for complexity's sake, but I don't think Keith ever bought in 100 percent. but just look at the fashion, art, architecture and interior design, especially the interior design of the late 60's. the stones ride this wave but also helped to create it to some extent. of course mick thought the whole thing was "rubbish" to begin with. but come on, mick is like 50 cent not miles, he pimps himself, he's the original pimp daddy, miles never listened to himself. there was a cockiness in that too though, but mick's being self-critical shouldn't effect the way people view the quality of the music on the album and it should be taken in context with altemont, satanic, and the mansion family in turns of the evolution of the times, or perhaps devolution. but certainly the art of the day, the minimalism of the tri-color field theorists like the now hot mark rothko presages or leads to punk, certainly warhol and the velvets with their three chord rock do if nothing else. between the buttons is also important because it comes right at the end of the motown 45 height and right before the concept album driven era of fm and lp.

Like fractal math, baroque complexity often can arise out of repititions of simple patterns. The baroque continues the high medieval well after the rebirth has refocused art, literature, science and music, and the old medieval choral tunings change with that as well. As did the instruments. So baroque might be the wrong term, but certainly romantic in the classical sense could not only apply to some of the tracks, the multitrack layered effects of dumbing down the 4-track recorder analog (which is why Mick felt the album was rubbish, the sound became muddled) on a track like "She Smiled Sweetly" echoes the sort of "warm" tones of the cover art (created by smearing vaseline on the lens) as opposed to the pixelation in digital photography and the analogous effect in digital music. In which it can lack "soul" or "warmth" or "vibrancy" which sounds all very warbly but relates to the technical aspects of wave forms and which we now find important in terms of choosing an Apple lossless codec over an mp3 (see Alan Parson's rant).

Brian Wilson
Just a note. Although it will most likely be deleted again, it appears that the source, a short Rhapsody interview with Brian Wilson indicates that he was present during the mixing of the album and was blown away by it or something along those lines. This seems like pertinent info if it can be cited properly. Publichall (talk) 08:47, 2 April 2012 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 09:33, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

Personal listing for Between the Buttons
The personal listing for this page make no sense since it notes who is playing what on each track, but the track numbers listed after the instrument doesn't exist anywhere on the page. Example, for Keith Richards it reads: "Keith Richards – electric guitar (1, 2, 4, 6-12), backing vocals (1, 3-5, 7, 8, 10-12), acoustic guitar (3, 9, 12), piano (1, 4, 5), bass guitar (1, 4, 5), organ (5), double bass (3)". But when you read that and then look at the track listings above it, there are no tracks listed anywhere as tracks 7 thru 12. This is actually a problem on several of the Stones album pages. There are 3 different ways to solve this problem. The easy way would be to just remove all of the track numbers and just have that track info on each of the song's pages instead (like all of the Beatles albums have it). Or the track numbers could be changed to where they correspond to what is noted under Personal at the moment. There is indeed tracks 7 thru 12 on the CD version of the LP, but not on the original release. The third choice, which would take the longest time to fix, would be to replace the track numbers showing under Personal with the actual songs titles instead, as was finally done on the debut LP's page, where it was also an issue, and now has been fixed, but before so with a ton of comments at the teahouse. So before I edit anything in any way, I wish to see what others feel what is the best route to go on solving this problem - and it is a problem since the page doesn't read right as it shows at the moment. Kenotoo (talk) 18:40, 19 April 2019 (UTC)

I'd add that Brian Jones clearly plays dulcimer on Cool, Calm, Collected a dominant sound on the track for which he is not credited in the personnel listing. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dloberk (talk • contribs) 23:56, 24 April 2020 (UTC)

Accordion on "Back Street Girl"
SOMEONE had to have played the accordion on "Back Street Girl" but there's no mention of one. Pretty sure Brian Jones was the designated man for odd instruments like that. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.196.242.206 (talk) 16:39, 27 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Between the Buttons


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Bishops

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 00:16, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

The Bishops
Non-notable band—no releases, no coverage on allmusic or google. Delete -- JeremyA 02:38, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, doesnt meet wikipedia guidelines. Megan1967 08:13, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Band vanity. Sjakkalle 09:23, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User:FatherGuidoSarducci

Places I go a lot:

 * Asperger syndrome support
 * Keith Olbermann fan site
 * Lakeside View - spam board
 * IMDB

Bands I hate. If you have crappy taste in music, close your eyes or you may be offended:

 * Linkin Park
 * Good Charlotte (and Yellowcard, and Sum 41...they're all the same)
 * Jet
 * Trapt
 * The Killers
 * 311
 * U2, sans two or three songs (none of which are from the 2004 album which is crap)
 * 'American Idiot' Green Day and all their brand-new bandwagon teenybopper shithead fans

Other things I hate:

 * Paris Hilton
 * The color hot pink
 * CNN
 * FOX news
 * Right-wing extremists and their fucking Freerepublic
 * Left-wing extremists
 * People who disagree with me and do not realize I am totally awesome
 * People who still think it's cool to pretend that Maddox is lame
 * That new 'Beverly Hills' song, and the video too. SELLOUTS!!1

Neat celebs:

 * Jon Stewart
 * Conan O'Brien
 * Joel Stein
 * Dane Cook
 * Stephen Lynch
 * Mitch Hedberg - RIP, man
 * Keith Olbermann and me forever and ever and ever!! <3
 * Mo Rocca
 * Tucker Carlson, you liberal playa hatas can get bent...how can you hate that face?
 * Kevin Spacey
 * Beck, sexy sexy Beck

title: User:FatherGuidoSarducci


text: User talk:24.126.17.155

title: User talk:24.126.17.155


text:
Rhythms NetConnections

Rhythms NetConnections Inc. (Former NASDAQ: RTHM) was in the business of providing broadband local-access communication services to large enterprises, telecommunications carriers and their internet service provider (ISP) affiliates and other ISPs. The company's services included a range of high-speed, always-on connections that were designed to offer customers both cost and performance advantages when accessing the Internet or private networks. The Company used multiple digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies to provide data transfer rates ranging from 128 kbit/s to 8.0 Mbit/s delivering data to the end user, and from 128 kbit/s to 1.5 Mbit/s receiving data from the end user. The company was delisted from NASDAQ in May 2001. On August 2, 2001, the company and all of its wholly owned United States subsidiaries voluntarily filed for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. Also in August 2001, the Company sent 31-day service termination letters to all of its customers.

Legal Action
A protracted class action securities lawsuit against the officers and directors of Rhythms NetConnections was settled on April 3, 2009. Judge John K. Lane of the U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado gave his final approval to a $17.5 million settlement. Judge Lane also awarded the plaintiffs' attorneys, Milberg LLP, Stull Stull & Brody and The Shuman Law Firm, 30% of the settlement fund and an additional $2.6 million in expenses from the fund.

A class of shareholders, who purchased shares in Rhythms NetConnections between Jan. 6, 2000, and April 2, 2001, brought the case. The lawsuit alleged that the officers and directors “knowingly or recklessly” made false statements about the company's subscriber line count, growth and financial condition in an effort to inflate its stock price.

At one time, Enron owned 5.4 million shares of Rhythms NetConnections stock.

title: Rhythms NetConnections


text:
Talk:1928 Okeechobee hurricane

Note on measurements
Measurements are given in their original form (to avoid loss of data) with the standard forms given in parenthesis. The original form for all pressure measurements is inHg and for windspeed is either knots or mph. Jdorje

"Named after Saint Philip" – or is it?
The article says "The storm was named the San Felipe II Hurricane because the eye of the cyclone made landfall on the Christian feast day of Saint Philip." But none of the Saints Philip listed on Wikipedia have their feast days in September, let alone on September 13. However, September 13 just happens to mark the anniversary of the death of King Philip II of Spain – Felipe Segundo in Spanish. Is this just a massive coincidence, or has someone got the story of the name wrong? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 106.68.149.57 (talk) 09:19, 11 November 2016 (UTC)

 * There is one Saint Philip with a September 13 feast day, except he has no Wikipedia article of his own. He is listed under Pre-Schism Western Saints section of the article September 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics). SilSinn9821 (talk) 23:02, 12 October 2018 (UTC)

Name section
I had already started this conversation on talk page. I am replying to last statement made there. I see that 1899 San Ciriaco hurricane has a name section at the top. However, that is a c-class article compared to this one which is a featured class article. In addition, as I had stated, this name information is already included in the Puerto Rico section. I would vote for keeping the previous section structure and merging any new information into the Puerto Rico section. Or rewriting part of the Puerto Rico section to read better. Popular Outcast talk2me 21:52, 12 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Alright, I can do that, not only for this article but for as many others as possible, for consistency purposes: move name section to the bottom and/or merge wherever possible to improve quality. SilSinn9821 (talk) 22:13, 12 October 2018 (UTC)
 * I think that's a good call especially since I just found this: WikiProject Tropical cyclones/Style. Seems naming should go in the Aftermath section. I apologize for not finding this before. Before I contacted you, I started down the hole of reading the projects page but didn't see the Style link in the Guidelines section. It's up to you if you would like to move it in this article or just update the section where that info is now. For other articles I would go with the style convention. Popular Outcast  talk2me 22:25, 12 October 2018 (UTC)

I already merged both sections; for now the merged section resides within Impact/Puerto Rico as a new subsection (which also required dealing with the multiple mentions of the Mujica reference). Hope it looks better to you. Now I must improve the other hurricane articles. SilSinn9821 (talk) 22:50, 12 October 2018 (UTC)

Also, the Mujica reference, which was previously marked as a dead URL, was updated with a working URL I found on Google: the new URL has a slightly-different alphanumeric string in its path, suggesting that at some point it was moved from one directory to another within the gobierno.pr server. Now I hope this URL doesn't die next time Puerto Rico elects a new governor from an opposing party! SilSinn9821 (talk) 23:13, 12 October 2018 (UTC)

"Deadliest United States hurricanes"
The intro to this article identifies 1928 Okeechobee as "the second deadliest hurricane in the United States, only behind the 1900 Galveston hurricane."

However, later in the article, the table "Deadliest United States hurricanes" lists "San Ciriaco" as #2, and Maria as #3, before listing 1928 Okeechobee as #4.

This information seems to be contradictory. Elindsey83 (talk) 22:12, 15 July 2020 (UTC)

I also noticed this; some articles list the 1928 Okeechobee Hurricane as the second deadliest, and some list Hurricane Maria as the second deadliest. From what I could find, it seems the death toll in Hurricane Maria was low, but shortly afterward, the death rate in general was much higher than usual. So it may depend on whether "deadliest" indicates that deaths are only occurring during the hurricane, or if it includes deaths afterward as a result of the conditions left behind the hurricane.

title: Talk:1928 Okeechobee hurricane


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Oskar Becker

Oskar Becker (5 September 1889 – 13 November 1964) was a German philosopher, logician, mathematician, and historian of mathematics.

Early life
Becker was born in Leipzig, where he studied mathematics. His dissertation under Otto Hölder and Karl Rohn (1914) was On the Decomposition of Polygons in non-intersecting triangles on the Basis of the Axioms of Connection and Order.

He served in World War I and returned to study philosophy with Edmund Husserl, writing his Habilitationsschrift on Investigations of the Phenomenological Foundations of Geometry and their Physical Applications, (1923). Becker was Husserl's assistant, informally, and then official editor of the Yearbook for Phenomenological Research.

Work in phenomenology and mathematical philosophy
Becker published his major work, Mathematical Existence in the Yearbook in 1927, the same year Martin Heidegger's Being and Time appeared there. Becker attended Heidegger's seminars at this period.

Becker utilized not only Husserlian phenomenology but, much more controversially, Heideggerian hermeneutics, discussing arithmetical counting as "being toward death". His work was criticized both by neo-Kantians and by more mainstream, rationalist logicians, to whom Becker feistily replied. This work has not had great influence on later debates in the foundations of mathematics, despite its many interesting analyses of the topic of its title.

Becker debated with David Hilbert and Paul Bernays over the role of the potential infinite in Hilbert's formalist metamathematics. Becker argued that Hilbert could not stick with finitism, but had to assume the potential infinite. Clearly enough, Hilbert and Bernays do implicitly accept the potential infinite, but they claim that each induction in their proofs is finite. Becker was correct that complete induction was needed for assertions of consistency in the form of universally quantified sentences, as opposed to claiming that a predicate holds for each individual natural number.

Paraontologie
In discussing Heidegger, Becker introduced the German neologism Paraontologie. Although fundamentally different this usage has provided some minor influences in the term "paraontology" in English made more recently by Nahum Chandler, Fred Moten, and others, in discussing blackness.

Intuitionistic and modal logic
Becker made a start toward the formalization of L. E. J. Brouwer's intuitionistic logic. He developed a semantics of intuitionistic logic based on Husserl's phenomenology, and this semantics was used by Arend Heyting in his own formalization. Becker struggled, somewhat unsuccessfully, with the formulation of the rejection of excluded middle appropriate for intuitionistic logic. Becker failed in the end to correctly distinguish classical and intuitionistic negation, but he made a start. In an appendix to his book on mathematical existence, Becker set the problem of finding a formal calculus for intuitionistic logic. In a series of works in the early 1950s he surveyed modal, intuitionistic, probabilistic, and other philosophical logics.

Becker made contributions to modal logic (the logic of necessity and possibility) and Becker’s postulate, the claim that modal status is necessary (for instance that the possibility of P implies the necessity of the possibility of P, and also the iteration of necessity) is named for him. Becker's Postulate later played a role in the formalization given, by Charles Hartshorne, the American process theologian, of the Ontological Proof of God's existence, stimulated by conversations with the logical positivist and opponent of the alleged proof, Rudolf Carnap.

History of mathematics
Becker also made important contributions to the history and interpretation of ancient Greek mathematics. Becker, as did several others, emphasized the "crisis" in Greek mathematics occasioned by the discovery of incommensurability of the side of the pentagon (or in the later, simpler proofs, the triangle) by Hippasus of Metapontum, and the threat of (literally) "irrational" numbers. To German theorists of the "crisis", the Pythagorean diagonal of the square was similar in its impact to Cantor's diagonalization method of generating higher order infinities, and Gödel's diagonalization method in Gödel's proof of incompleteness of formalized arithmetic. Becker, like several earlier historians, suggests that the avoidance of arithmetic statement of geometrical magnitude in Euclid is avoided for ratios and proportions, as a consequence of recoil from the shock of incommensurability. Becker also showed that all the theorems of Euclidean proportion theory could be proved using an earlier alternative to the Eudoxus technique which Becker found stated in Aristotle's Topics, and which Becker attributes to Theaetetus. Becker also showed how a constructive logic that denied unrestricted excluded middle could be used to reconstruct most of Euclid's proofs.

More recent revisionist commentators such as Wilbur Knorr and David Fowler have accused historians of early Greek mathematics writing in the early twentieth century, such as Becker, of reading the crisis of their own times illegitimately into the early Greek period. (This “crisis” may include both the crisis of twentieth century set theory and foundations of mathematics, and the general crisis of World War I, the overthrow of the Kaiser, communist uprisings, and the Weimar Republic.)

Later thought
At the end of his life Becker re-emphasized the distinction between intuition of the formal and Platonic realm as opposed to the concrete existential realm, moved to the terminology, at least, of divination. In his Dasein und Dawesen Becker advocated what he called a "mantic" divination. Hermeneutics of the Heideggerian sort is applicable to individual lived existence, but "mantic" decipherment is necessary not only in mathematics, but in aesthetics, and the investigation of the unconscious. These realms deal with the eternal and structural, such as the symmetries of nature, and are properly investigated by a mantic phenomenology, not an hermeneutic one. (Becker's emphasis on the timelessness and formal nature of the unconscious has some parallels with the account of Jacques Lacan.)

Contacts and correspondence
Becker carried on an extensive correspondence with some of the greatest mathematicians and philosophers of the day. These included Ackermann, Adolf Fraenkel (later Abraham), Arend Heyting, David Hilbert, John von Neumann, Hermann Weyl, and Ernst Zermelo among mathematicians, as well as Hans Reichenbach and Felix Kaufmann among philosophers. The letters that Becker received from these major figures of twentieth century mathematics and leading logical positivist philosophers, as well as Becker’s own copies of his letters to them, were destroyed during World War II.

Becker's correspondence with Weyl has been reconstructed (see bibliography), as Weyl's copies of Becker’s letters to him are preserved, and Becker often extensively quotes or paraphrases Weyl’s own letters. Perhaps the same can be done with some other parts of this valuable but lost correspondence. Weyl entered into correspondence with Becker with high hopes and expectations, given their mutual admiration for Husserl’s phenomenology and Husserl’s great admiration for the work of Becker. However, Weyl, whose sympathies were with constructivism and intuitionism, lost patience when he argued with Becker about a purported intuition of the infinite defended by Becker. Weyl concluded, sourly, that Becker would discredit phenomenological approaches to mathematics if he persisted in this position.

Nazism and neglect
It is possible that regard for Becker's earlier work suffered from his later Nazi allegiances, leading to lack of reference or published commentary by émigré logicians and mathematicians who had fled Hitlerism. His lecture on "The Vacuity of Art and the Daring of the Artist," presents a "Nordic Metaphysics" in fairly standard Nazi style.

According to Oskar Becker, the "rhythm of Nietzsche's Dionysian-Dithyrambs was identical to the Will to power and physically in the sense of youth identical to the marching rhythm of the SA".

Oskar Becker was classified from an SS-point of view in the following way in the "SD-Dossiers über Philosophie-Professoren" (i.e. SD-files concerning philosophy professors) that were set up by the SS Security Service (SD): "not a party member but loyal to National Socialism, tries to consolidate the National Socialistic ideology".

Two able philosophers who were students of Becker, Jürgen Habermas and Hans Sluga, later grappled with the issue of the influence of Nazism on German academia. The application of Heidegger's ideas to theoretical science (let alone mathematics) has only recently become widespread, particularly in the English-speaking world. Furthermore, Becker's polemical replies probably alienated his critics still further.

He died, aged 75, in Bonn.

Becker's works

 * Über die Zerlegung eines Polygons in exclusive Dreiecke auf Grund der ebenen Axiome der Verknuepfung und Anordnung (Leipzig, 1914)
 * "Contributions Toward a Phenomenological Foundation of Geometry and Its Physical Applications," from Beiträge zur phänomenologischen Begründung der Geometrie und ihre physikalischen Anwendungen (Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung IV 1923, 493–560). Selections trans. by Theodore Kisiel, in Phenomenology and the Natural Sciences, ed. Joseph Kockelmans and Theordore J. Kisiel, Evanston IL: Northwestern University Press, 1970, 119–143.
 * Mathematische Existenz. Untersuchungen zur Logik und Ontologie mathematischer Phänomene (Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung, Vol. VIII, 1927, 440–809.
 * "The Philosophy of Edmund Husserl," transl. R. O. Elverton, in The Phenomenology of Husserl, ed. R. O. Elverton, Quadrangle Books, Chicago: 1970, 40–72, originally "Die Philosophie Edmund Husserls. Anlässlich seines 70. Geburtstags dargestellt" in Kantstudien vol. 35, 1930, 119–150.
 * “Eudoxus-Studien: I: Eine voreudoxische Proportionenlehre und ihre Spuren bei Aristoteles und Euklid,” Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte der Mathematik, Astronomie und Physik B. II (1933), 311–330. [reprinted in Jean Christianidis, ed. Classics in the history of Greek Mathematics, Boston Studies in the Philosophie of Science, vol. 240, Dordrecht/Boston: 2004, 191–209, with intro. by Ken Saito, 188–9.] “II: Warum haben die Griechen die Existenz der vierten Proportionale angenommen,” 369–387, “III: Spuren eines Stetigkeitsaxioms in der Art des Dedekindschen zur Zeir des Eudoxos,” vol. 3 (1936) 236–244, “IV: Das Prinzip des ausgeschlossenen Dritten in der griechischen Mathematik,” 370–388, “V: Die eudoxische Lehre von den Ideen und den Farben, 3 (1936) 389–410.
 * "Zur Logik der Modalitäten", in: Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung, Bd. XI (1930), pp. 497–548
 * Grundlagen der Mathematik in geschichtlicher Entwicklung, Freiburg/München: Alber, 1954 (2. Aufl. 1964; diese Aufl. ist auch text- und seitenidentisch erschienen als Suhrkamp Taschenbuch Wissenschaft 114. Frankfurt a. M. : Suhrkamp, 1975)
 * Dasein und Dawesen (1964)
 * Letters to Hermann Weyl, in Paolo Mancosu and T. A. Ryckman, “Mathematics and Phenomenology: The Correspondence between O. Becker and H. Weyl,” Philosophia Mathematica, 3d Series, vol. 10 (2002) 174–194.

title: Oskar Becker


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AASU

AASU and Aasu may refer to:

 * All Assam Students Union, a students' organization in Assam, India
 * Armstrong State University, a state university located in Savannah, Georgia formerly known as Armstrong Atlantic State University
 * Aasu, American Samoa, village on Tutuila Island, American Samoa
 * Aasu, Estonia, village in Haljala Parish, Lääne-Viru County, Estonia

title: AASU


text:
Charles Sumner Hamlin

Charles Sumner Hamlin (August 30, 1861 – April 24, 1938) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the first chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1914 to 1916. He previously served as the United States assistant secretary of the treasury from 1893 to 1897, and again from 1913 until 1914 when President Woodrow Wilson nominated him as one of the original members of the Federal Reserve Board. After his term as chairman, Hamlin continued to serve on the Board through 1936.

Early life
Charles Sumner Hamlin was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on August 30, 1861, to Anna and Edward Hamlin. His mother was born in England to Irish parents, while his father, a coal dealer, was from Massachusetts. He graduated from Harvard University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1883 and received his Master of Arts from Harvard in 1886. Sumner studied law while completing his master's degree and attained admission to the bar in 1886, practicing law in Boston.

Career
From 1893 to 1897 and again from 1913 to 1914, Hamlin was the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. He twice ran unsuccessfully for Governor of Massachusetts, in 1902 and 1910. On August 10, 1914, he was appointed the first Chairman of the Federal Reserve and served in that capacity until August 9, 1916. Hamlin remained as Fed's board member until 1936. He lectured at Harvard University on government studies from 1902 to 1903.

In 1912, Hamlin was vice president of the Woodrow Wilson College Men's League and president of the Woodrow Wilson League of Massachusetts. He also published pamphlets on statistical and financial subjects, including an Index Digest of Interstate Commerce Laws (1907) and the Index Digest of the Federal Reserve Bulletin (1921).

Death
Hamlin died in Washington, D.C., on April 24, 1938. He was buried at Forest Hills Cemetery in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.

Family
In 1898, Sumner married Huybertje Lansing Pruyn (April 8, 1878 – March 6, 1964), the daughter of John V. L. Pruyn and granddaughter of Amasa J. Parker.

Legacy
Hamlin's papers are archived at the Library of Congress.

title: Charles Sumner Hamlin


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Titov Vrv

Titov Vrv (Титов Врв; Turku i Madh) is the highest peak of the Šar Mountains at 2748 m. It is located about 13 mi northwest of the city of Tetovo in North Macedonia, near the border with Kosovo.

Name
The summit's original name is "Big Turk" (Голем Турчин). In 1934, the peak was renamed to Mount Aleksandar, in honor of Aleksandar I of Yugoslavia, after his assassination. During World War II, the Bulgarian authorities restored its original name. The peak was renamed in 1953 in honor of Josip Broz Tito. The name has remained unchanged since Macedonian independence in 1991, however in other neighboring languages such as Turkish, Albanian, and Bulgarian it is still known as the "Big Turk". Тhe smaller neighboring peak is known as "Small Turk" (Мал Турчин).

Activity
Every year, on the last weekend of May, the Ljuboten mountain club holds a climb to this peak.

In December 2022, the inside of the tower at the top of the peak was vandalized.

title: Titov Vrv


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VTR (disambiguation)

VTR often refers to a video tape recorder.

VTR may also refer to:

 * VTR (telecom company)
 * Vermont Railway, a reporting mark
 * Verilog-to-Routing, an open-source CAD-tool for FPGAs
 * Versatile Test Reactor, a sodium cooled fast reactor
 * View-through rate, in online advertising

title: VTR (disambiguation)


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User:Clicknathan

Clicknathan is the username of Nathan Swartz, Web designer for hire in Pittsburgh, PA.

He likes Wikipedia. He doesn't eat meat (but sometimes, okay, sushi...sorry fishy!) and rides his bike. He has a blog, too, where he writes about Web design, short stories and contemplates life in general.

title: User:Clicknathan


text: User talk:81.131.218.20

title: User talk:81.131.218.20