text:
Talk:Alles ist die Sekte

VfD
On April 8, 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. The result was keep. See Votes for deletion/A.i.d.S for a record of the discussion. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 14:01, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It's going to be hard to improve until someone can translate the information from german. --Randolph 05:07, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alles ist die Sekte


text:
Talk:Sir Reginald Myles Ansett

Closed deletion listing
This article was listed for deletion on 10 April, 2005. The discussion was closed with the result of no consensus. This article will not be deleted. You can view the discussion, which is no longer live: Votes_for_deletion/Sir Reginald Myles Ansett. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 14:04, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Sir Reginald Myles Ansett


text:
Pierre Cuillier-Perron

Pierre Cuillier-Perron (1753 to 1755–1834) was a French military adventurer in active in India.

Born Pierre Cuillier (or Cuellier) at Luceau near Château-du-Loir was the son of a cloth merchant. In India, he changed his name to Perron (a diminutive of Pierre). He was generally referred to by his contemporaries and posterity as General Perron.

In 1780 he went out to India as a sailor on a French frigate, deserted on the Malabar coast, and made his way to upper India, where he enlisted in the Rana of Gohad's corps under a Scotsman named Sangster. In 1790 he took service under De Boigne, and was appointed to the command of his second brigade.

In 1795 he aided the Maratha forces in winning the Battle of Kharda against the nizam of Hyderabad, and on De Boigne's retirement became commander-in-chief of Maratha general Mahadji Sindhia's army. At the Battle of Malpura (1800) he defeated the Rajput forces.

After the Battle of Ujjain (1801) he refused to send his troops to the aid of Scindia. His treachery on this occasion shook his position, and on the outbreak of war between Scindia and the British in 1803 Perron was superseded and fled to the British camp.

In the battles of Delhi, Laswari, Ally Ghur (now Aligarh) and Assaye, Perron's battalions were completely destroyed by Lord Lake and Sir Arthur Wellesley. He returned to France with a large fortune, and died in 1834.

Buildings
Sir Shah Sulaiman Hall's main Building, which currently serves as the Provost Office (Administrative Block), was built by him in year 1802.

The palatial home he built for himself at Chinsurah was to house Hooghly College (Hooghly Mohsin College) from 1837 to 1937.

title: Pierre Cuillier-Perron


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Leonard Eugene Dickson

Leonard Eugene Dickson (January 22, 1874 – January 17, 1954) was an American mathematician. He was one of the first American researchers in abstract algebra, in particular the theory of finite fields and classical groups, and is also remembered for a three-volume history of number theory, History of the Theory of Numbers. The L. E. Dickson instructorships at the University of Chicago Department of Mathematics are named after him.

Life
Dickson considered himself a Texan by virtue of having grown up in Cleburne, where his father was a banker, merchant, and real estate investor. He attended the University of Texas at Austin, where George Bruce Halsted encouraged his study of mathematics. Dickson earned a B.S. in 1893 and an M.S. in 1894, under Halsted's supervision. Dickson first specialised in Halsted's own specialty, geometry.

Both the University of Chicago and Harvard University welcomed Dickson as a Ph.D. student, and Dickson initially accepted Harvard's offer, but chose to attend Chicago instead. In 1896, when he was only 22 years of age, he was awarded Chicago's first doctorate in mathematics, for a dissertation titled The Analytic Representation of Substitutions on a Power of a Prime Number of Letters with a Discussion of the Linear Group, supervised by E. H. Moore.

Dickson then went to Leipzig and Paris to study under Sophus Lie and Camille Jordan, respectively. On returning to the US, he became an instructor at the University of California. In 1899 and at the extraordinarily young age of 25, Dickson was appointed associate professor at the University of Texas. Chicago countered by offering him a position in 1900, and he spent the balance of his career there. At Chicago, he supervised 53 Ph.D. theses; his most accomplished student was probably A. A. Albert. He was a visiting professor at the University of California in 1914, 1918, and 1922. In 1939, he returned to Texas to retire.

Dickson married Susan McLeod Davis in 1902; they had two children, Campbell and Eleanor.

Dickson was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1913, and was also a member of the American Philosophical Society, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the London Mathematical Society, the French Academy of Sciences and the Union of Czech Mathematicians and Physicists. Dickson was the first recipient of a prize created in 1924 by The American Association for the Advancement of Science, for his work on the arithmetics of algebras. Harvard (1936) and Princeton (1941) awarded him honorary doctorates.

Dickson presided over the American Mathematical Society in 1917–1918. His December 1918 presidential address, titled "Mathematics in War Perspective", criticized American mathematics for falling short of those of Britain, France, and Germany:

 * "Let it not again become possible that thousands of young men shall be so seriously handicapped in their Army and Navy work by lack of adequate preparation in mathematics."

In 1928, he was also the first recipient of the Cole Prize for algebra, awarded annually by the AMS, for his book Algebren und ihre Zahlentheorie.

It appears that Dickson was a hard man:

 * "A hard-bitten character, Dickson tended to speak his mind bluntly; he was always sparing in his praise for the work of others. ... he indulged his serious passions for bridge and billiards and reportedly did not like to lose at either game."

 * "He delivered terse and unpolished lectures and spoke sternly to his students. ... Given Dickson's intolerance for student weaknesses in mathematics, however, his comments could be harsh, even though not intended to be personal. He did not aim to make students feel good about themselves."

 * "Dickson had a sudden death trial for his prospective doctoral students: he assigned a preliminary problem which was shorter than a dissertation problem, and if the student could solve it in three months, Dickson would agree to oversee the graduate student's work. If not the student had to look elsewhere for an advisor."

Work
Dickson had a major impact on American mathematics, especially abstract algebra. His mathematical output consists of 18 books and more than 250 papers. The Collected Mathematical Papers of Leonard Eugene Dickson fill six large volumes.

The algebraist
In 1901, Dickson published his first book Linear groups with an exposition of the Galois field theory, a revision and expansion of his Ph.D. thesis. Teubner in Leipzig published the book, as there was no well-established American scientific publisher at the time. Dickson had already published 43 research papers in the preceding five years; all but seven on finite linear groups. Parshall (1991) described the book as follows:

 * "Dickson presented a unified, complete, and general theory of the classical linear groups—not merely over the prime field GF(p) as Jordan had done—but over the general finite field GF(pn), and he did this against the backdrop of a well-developed theory of these underlying fields. ... his book represented the first systematic treatment of finite fields in the mathematical literature."

An appendix in this book lists the non-abelian simple groups then known having order less than 1 billion. He listed 53 of the 56 having order less than 1 million. The remaining three were found in 1960, 1965, and 1967.

Dickson worked on finite fields and extended the theory of linear associative algebras initiated by Joseph Wedderburn and Cartan.

He started the study of modular invariants of a group.

In 1905, Wedderburn, then at Chicago on a Carnegie Fellowship, published a paper that included three claimed proofs of a theorem stating that all finite division algebras were commutative, now known as Wedderburn's theorem. The proofs all made clever use of the interplay between the additive group of a finite division algebra A, and the multiplicative group A* = A − {0}. Karen Parshall noted that the first of these three proofs had a gap not noticed at the time. Dickson also found a proof of this result but, believing Wedderburn's first proof to be correct, Dickson acknowledged Wedderburn's priority. But Dickson also noted that Wedderburn constructed his second and third proofs only after having seen Dickson's proof. She concluded that Dickson should be credited with the first correct proof.

Dickson's search for a counterexample to Wedderburn's theorem led him to investigate nonassociative algebras, and in a series of papers he found all possible three and four-dimensional (nonassociative) division algebras over a field.

In 1919 Dickson constructed Cayley numbers by a doubling process starting with quaternions $$\mathbb{H}$$. His method was extended to a doubling of $$\mathbb{R}$$ to produce $$\mathbb{C}$$, and of $$\mathbb{C}$$ to produce $$\mathbb{H}$$ by A. A. Albert in 1922, and the procedure is known now as the Cayley–Dickson construction of composition algebras.

The number theorist
Dickson proved many interesting results in number theory, using results of Vinogradov to deduce the ideal Waring theorem in his investigations of additive number theory. He proved the Waring's problem for $$k\ge 7$$ under the further condition of
 * $$(3^k + 1)/(2^k - 1)\le [1.5^k] + 1$$

independently of Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai who proved it for $$k\ge 6$$ ahead of him.

The three-volume History of the Theory of Numbers (1919–23) is still much consulted today, covering divisibility and primality, Diophantine analysis, and quadratic and higher forms. The work contains little interpretation and makes no attempt to contextualize the results being described, yet it contains essentially every significant number theoretic idea from the dawn of mathematics up to the 1920s except for quadratic reciprocity and higher reciprocity laws. A planned fourth volume on these topics was never written. A. A. Albert remarked that this three volume work "would be a life's work by itself for a more ordinary man."

title: Leonard Eugene Dickson


text:
Talk:Jane Addams Memorial Tollway

Untitled
When was it built? I know it was there in the mid 1960's Pdn 14:08, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This link looks useful. --SPUI (talk) 16:37, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

It doesn't end at ILL 75
I've driven it and it actually ends (or begins) at the exit south of the Illinois Route 75 exit. The 2007 Rand McNally Road Atlas has the green tollway portion of I-90 to that exit and then it's blue to ILL 75 and into Wisconsin. So technically, the one end is whatever that road is. DandyDan2007 09:37, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jane Addams Memorial Tollway


text:
Talk:Chandramukhi

Cast section
Shouldn't we add nayandhara, vadivelu and nasser to the list ? Kichawww (talk) 10:46, 5 September 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 15 April 2024
The article says that the story revolves around a woman who suffers from dissociative identity disorder but the story is about how gets possessed by the spirit of Chandramukhi while the psychiatrist uses his knowledge of psychology and also risks his own life to help get the spirit to stop possessing the woman's body. 70.121.23.76 (talk) 04:37, 15 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate.  (talk | contribs) 04:43, 15 April 2024 (UTC)
 * They mixed spirit possession and split personality syndrome. So I too am confused. Kailash29792 (talk)  05:07, 15 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chandramukhi


text:
Category:Mountain ranges of the United States

This category includes articles on mountain ranges of the United States.

Mountain ranges that exist in multiple states are included directly in this category, as well as in the 'by state' category.

If you are looking for a map, try looking it up in Google images.


text:
Daniel Hill

Daniel Hill or Dan Hill may refer to:

 * Daniel Harvey Hill (1821–1889), American Confederate general in the Civil War
 * Daniel Harvey Hill Jr. (1859–1924), American educator and the third chancellor of North Carolina State University, son of Daniel Harvey Hill
 * Dan Hill (American football) (1917–1989), American football player
 * Daniel G. Hill (1923–2003), Canadian sociologist, civil servant, human rights specialist and Black Canadian historian
 * Dan Hill (Daniel Grafton "Dan" Hill IV, born 1954), Canadian singer/songwriter
 * Dan Hill (1975 album), the 1975 album by Dan Hill
 * Dan Hill (1987 album), the 1987 album by Dan Hill
 * Daniel Hill (actor) (born 1956), British actor
 * Dan Hill (rugby league) (born 2002), British rugby player

title: Daniel Hill


text:
Talk:Clandestine operations

VfD
On April 8, 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. The result was merge/redirect. See Votes for deletion/Clandestine operations for a record of the discussion. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 14:15, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Clandestine operations


text: Template:House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Portugal)


text:
Kill the Alligator and Run

"Kill the Alligator and Run" is the nineteenth episode of the eleventh season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on April 30, 2000. In the episode, Homer has a nervous breakdown after taking a quiz that suggests he only has three years left to live. To calm himself down, he and the rest of the Simpson family go to Florida for vacation. There, they end up in the middle of a raucous spring break. Homer joins in on the party and ends up getting himself and his family in trouble for killing the state's beloved mascot, an alligator named Captain Jack. The Simpsons run from the law and take jobs at a small restaurant while hiding from the police.

"Kill the Alligator and Run" was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Jen Kamerman. Diedrich Bader guest starred in the episode as a sheriff that tries to arrest the Simpson family, while Robert Evans and Charlie Rose guest starred in a scene in which Homer watches the two in an interview on television. Kid Rock and Joe C. also made guest appearances as themselves in the episode, performing at a concert in Florida that Homer attends.

The reception of "Kill the Alligator and Run" by critics was mixed. Fan reception was more negative; former showrunner Mike Scully later noted that the episode is considered by many fans to be one of the worst Simpsons episodes due to its outlandish and erratic plotline. Around 7.46 million American homes tuned in to watch the episode during its original airing. In 2008, it was released on DVD along with the rest of the episodes of the eleventh season.

Plot
Homer receives a magazine full of personality tests, from which he takes one which concludes he has only three years left to live. Terrified of his supposedly impending death, he develops insomnia and has a mental breakdown, which is fully exhibited during an inspection of Springfield Nuclear Power Plant. On advice of the power plant's psychiatrist, the family head for a restful vacation in Florida. Upon arriving they are greeted by wild college students in the middle of a raucous spring break. Wanting Homer to get the rest and recuperation he needs, Marge tries to confine him to his hotel room, but he escapes to party and attends a concert featuring Joe C. and Kid Rock.

The debauchery makes Homer feel better, but he is disappointed to learn spring break is over and the students are returning to their studies. Still wanting to party, Homer rents an airboat and makes his family join him on a joyride through the local swamp. There he accidentally kills the town's most famous resident and reptile – an alligator named Captain Jack. The local sheriff, lenient during spring break and cruel the rest of the year, subsequently arrests the entire family. The family flees in their car but the sheriff gives chase until the family are pushed down the rails by an oncoming Amtrak train.

Lost in the wilderness and on the run, the family come across a diner, where they are given employment. They are eventually tracked down by the sheriff, who kidnaps them while they are asleep. For their crimes (and Homer's foolish attempt at defending himself in court – calling the jury "drunken hicks"), the family is put into forced labor. While assigned to work at a party held by a judge in front of the capitol, it is then revealed that Captain Jack was never dead, simply knocked out, the family are released but are banned from the state of Florida - leaving them only able to travel to Arizona or North Dakota. (Though Homer rejects the former state because he dislikes its odor.)

Production
"Kill the Alligator and Run" was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Jen Kamerman as part of the eleventh season of The Simpsons (1999–2000). When the animation department finished its work on the episode, it had ended up being about four minutes too long and the staff of the show was forced to make some difficult cuts. One scene that was cut saw Captain Jack lying in state at the capitol in Florida, with Kid Rock being one of the people present to pay their respects to the alligator. The Simpsons showrunner Mike Scully has expressed regret for cutting this scene because it "hurts the logic" later in the episode when Captain Jack crawls out of the capitol and reveals himself to everyone, thus creating a plot hole due to a lack of any explanation as to how he got there.

Actor Diedrich Bader guest starred in the episode as the sheriff. The Simpsons producer Ian Maxtone-Graham directed Bader during his recording session, telling the guest star to do a Southern accent. The episode also features guest appearances from talk show host Charlie Rose and film producer Robert Evans as themselves. Evans and Rose appear in a scene at the beginning of the episode, when Homer stays up late and watches Rose interview Evans on the television, hallucinating them threatening to kill him. Their conversation mentions Evans's films Love Story and The Two Jakes, as well as Vincent Canby.

Rappers Kid Rock and Joe C. also guest star in the episode as themselves, performing at the annual spring break concert that Homer sneaks out to attend. Kid Rock's song "Bawitdaba" features as part of his appearance. Scully said in an interview with the Detroit Free Press that the staff of the show chose Kid Rock and Joe C. for the episode because the two "have a lot of stage presence" and visually are "a funny combination," and because the staff thought "they would be funny playing off Homer." According to Scully, the two musicians "had a great sense of humor [...] about themselves," with Kid Rock asking if "he could add a couple of his own lines. He wanted to introduce himself as 'the pimp of the nation.' We kept that in the show. It's quite a title." Kid Rock recorded some of his dialog over the phone, but also paid a 45-minute visit to the Simpsons studio in Los Angeles to record lines. Scully thought it looked like the singer enjoyed the experience and was surprised to see that he arrived on time. "My first reaction to that was, 'What kind of rock star is this?'," Scully jokingly told the Detroit Free Press. All of Joe C.'s lines were recorded over the phone.

Release and reception
The episode originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 30, 2000. It was viewed in approximately 7.46 million households that night. With a Nielsen rating of 7.4, the episode finished 46th in the ratings for the week of April 24–30, 2000. It was the third highest-rated broadcast on Fox that week, following an episode of Malcolm in the Middle (which received an 8.2 rating) and an episode of The X-Files (which received a 7.7 rating). On October 7, 2008, "Kill the Alligator and Run" was released on DVD as part of the box set The Simpsons – The Complete Eleventh Season. Staff members Mike Scully, Ian Maxtone-Graham, George Meyer, Matt Selman, Julie Thacker, and Steven Dean Moore, as well as cast member Dan Castellaneta and guest star Diedrich Bader, participated in the DVD audio commentary for the episode. Deleted scenes from the episode were also included in the box set.

According to Scully, "Kill the Alligator and Run" is often cited by fans of The Simpsons as one of the worst episodes ever because of its structure and outlandish nature. Scully has said that the episode is "kind of three stories in one." Meyer, a writer and producer on the show, said in the DVD audio commentary that the fans thought it was "kind of a frenetic and crazy, chaotic episode," adding: "I can't disagree. But we had a lot of fun writing it, and we stand by it." While reviewing the eleventh season of The Simpsons, DVD Movie Guide's Colin Jacobson commented on the episode, writing: "Wow – this may be the most jumbled Simpsons to date! The episode seems to suffer from ADD as it can’t focus on any topic for very long. It flits from one gag to another with abandon and rarely makes much sense – or produces many laughs. Yeah, it has a few amusing moments, but it’s too scattershot to succeed." Annie Alleman of The Herald News, on the other hand, named "Kill the Alligator and Run" her eighth favorite Simpsons episode. Nancy Basile of About.com thought the best scene of the episode is the one where the Simpsons have become hillbillies and are sitting on their porch, and Bart says "I'm getting used to this country life. Teacher says I'm whittling at a tenth-grade level." Corey Deiterman of the Houston Press listed Kid Rock at number one in his list of the top five worst musical guests in Simpsons history.

title: Kill the Alligator and Run


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Vermilion River (Wabash River tributary)

The Vermilion River is a tributary of the Wabash River in the states of Illinois and Indiana, United States.

There are two "Vermilion Rivers" in Illinois. The Wabash tributary flows south, while the other Vermilion River flows north to the Illinois River. There are also two Little Vermilion rivers, one flowing into the Wabash River and one into the Illinois.

The north-flowing Vermilion River and the south-flowing Middle Fork Vermilion River lie along a straight line connecting Oglesby and Danville. The two rivers drain what was once an upland marsh near Roberts. The two rivers have been extended by drainage ditches so that they nearly connect at their headwaters. The rivers may share a common name because early settlers regarded them as a single river that flowed in two directions. The rivers may have served as a canoe route between the Illinois River and Wabash River, with a portage through the marshes near Roberts.

Tributaries
The main tributaries of the Vermilion River join near Danville:
 * Salt Fork Vermilion River
 * Middle Fork Vermilion River
 * North Fork Vermilion River

The Vermilion starts with the confluence of the Salt Fork and Middle Fork, to be joined by the North Fork approximately 5 mi downstream.

The Salt Fork is the western tributary. It arises north of Urbana, flowing east toward Danville. It was named for the saline springs in its lower reaches. When settlers first arrived in the area, the saline springs were the basis of the dominant industry.

The Middle Fork arises near Roberts, and flows southeast toward Danville. The Middle Fork is notable as the only river in Illinois designated as a National Wild and Scenic River by United States National Park Service. This scenic stream flows through Kickapoo State Park near Danville and is a favorite of Illinois canoeists.

The North Fork arises in Indiana to the northeast of Hoopeston, Illinois. It flows south and southwest toward Danville.

From Danville, the Vermilion River flows to its confluence with the Wabash River to the east of the Illinois/Indiana border.

Cities and counties
The following cities, towns and villages are among those in the Vermilion River watershed: Portions of the following counties are drained by the Vermilion River:
 * Champaign, Illinois
 * Danville, Illinois
 * Homer, Illinois
 * Hoopeston, Illinois
 * Paxton, Illinois
 * Rantoul, Illinois
 * St. Joseph, Illinois
 * Sidney, Illinois
 * Urbana, Illinois
 * Potomac, Illinois
 * Benton County, Indiana
 * Champaign County, Illinois
 * Ford County, Illinois
 * Iroquois County, Illinois
 * Vermilion County, Illinois
 * Vermillion County, Indiana
 * Warren County, Indiana


text:
Thomas J. Moyer

Thomas Joseph Moyer (April 18, 1939 – April 2, 2010 ) was an American jurist and the chief justice of the Ohio Supreme Court from 1987 to 2010. A member of the Republican Party, he formerly served as a justice of the 10th district of the Ohio District Courts of Appeals from 1979 to 1987. The Thomas J. Moyer Ohio Judicial Center, headquarters of the Ohio Supreme Court, was named in his honor in 2011.

Early life
Moyer was born in Sandusky, Ohio, on April 18, 1939. He attended Sandusky High School and went on to receive both his undergraduate and law degrees from the Ohio State University. He served as chairman of the board of directors of the Ohio State Alumni Association, as well as the board of trustees of Franklin University. Moyer was married and lived in Columbus.

Career
From 1979 to 1987, Moyer served on the Tenth District Court of Appeals for Ohio, which covers Franklin County. Prior to his appointment, he served as the president of the Columbus Board of Education. During his tenure there, the board found itself in the middle of desegregation fights, chronicled in the book Getting Around Brown. He also served for four years as an executive assistant to Governor Jim Rhodes and eight years in private practice in Sandusky. He was first elected to the Ohio Supreme Court in 1987 and was re-elected in 1992, 1998, and 2004.

Moyer presided over the DeRolph decision dealing with school funding, as well as the late 1990s' legal battle over tort reform.

Although a Republican, Moyer had a strong belief in the principles of stare decisis. In 2001, he created a task force on guardians ad litem in Ohio. In 2004, when the court moved into new quarters, some controversy ensued over the cost involved. On May 15, 2004, the building was dedicated by U.S. Chief Justice William Rehnquist.

title: Thomas J. Moyer


text: File:2005 British & Irish Lions tour to New Zealand (sports tour) logo.jpg


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Asterix and the Black Gold

Asterix and the Black Gold (French: L'Odyssée d'Astérix literally "Asterix's Odyssey") is the twenty-sixth volume of Asterix comic book series, originally published in 1981. It is the second book to be both written and drawn by Albert Uderzo.

The book describes Asterix's and Obelix's voyage to the Middle East. It is mainly inspired by James Bond films and biblical tales.

Plot summary
The book begins with Asterix and Obelix hunting wild boar until one boar leads them to a Roman patrol, which the Gauls vanquish while the boars escape. In Rome, Julius Caesar orders M. Devius Surreptitious, the head of M.I.VI, to send an agent to infiltrate the Gauls. This agent is a Gaulish-Roman druid known as Dubbelosix, who travels in a folding chariot full of secret devices. Dubbelosix and Surreptitius communicate via a carrier fly, who develops a crush for Dubbelosix. In the Gaulish village, Getafix is depressed because he has run out of rock oil, which he requires to make the magic potion enabling the Gaulish resistance to Rome.

The following day, Getafix is cheered by the arrival of Ekonomikrisis the Phoenician merchant but suffers a stroke upon hearing that he forgot to bring rock oil. When Chief Vitalstatistix tells Asterix and Obelix to fetch another druid to treat him, they discover Dubbelosix, who successfully revives Getafix with an alcoholic tonic. Asterix determines to go with Obelix and Dogmatix to obtain rock oil from Mesopotamia; Dubbelosix insists on coming, and they set off on Ekonomikrisis' ship. Along the way, they defeat pirates and Roman warships, while Dubbelosix secretly corresponds with the Romans, to arrange a blockade. The Phoenician ship finally lands at Judea, where Asterix, Obelix, Dogmatix, and Dubbelosix disembark for Jerusalem, where some sympathetic traders help the Gauls to enter secretly, in spite of an attempt by Dubbelosix to alert the city guards. Leaving him behind, Asterix and Obelix make contact with Ekonomikrisis' supplier, Samson Alius, who directs them to Babylon as the Romans have destroyed rock oil supplies in Jerusalem.

In the Syrian desert, Asterix, Obelix, and Dogmatix find themselves caught up in ongoing wars between the Sumerians, Akkadians, Hittites, Assyrians, and Medes, much to Asterix's frustration. In the ensuing arrow battles, their waterskin is pierced, but they find a source of rock oil in the ground and carry some back to Jerusalem in the repaired waterskin. There, the two Gauls capture Caesar's personal ship, as well as Surreptitious and Dubbelosix. Near the coast of Gaul, Dubbelosix seizes the waterskin of rock oil and, as he tries to force it open, Obelix leaps upon him, spilling the oil into the sea. Asterix has lost all hope, but when they come back to the village, they find the Gauls fighting Romans as merrily as ever, and learn Getafix has replaced the rock oil in his potion with beetroot juice. Out of dismay, Asterix has a stroke, but after being cured with the new potion, convinces Getafix to perform experiments before testing him. Thereafter, the Gauls send Dubbelosix and Surreptitius to Caesar in a gift-wrapped box. Caesar sends them to the Circus Maximus as punishment for failure, where they are covered in honey and chased by bees, with the lovesick carrier fly following behind.

Commentary

 * In the omnibus edition version of  Black Gold  there is a dedication on the back of the title page that reads “à René” (to René), referring to Goscinny, who died on 5 November 1977, four years before  Black Gold  was published in French, presumably written by Uderzo.
 * An audiobook of Asterix and the Black Gold adapted by Anthea Bell and Derek Hockridge and narrated by William Rushton was released on Hodder and Stoughton's Hodder Children's Audio.
 * The character Dubbelosix is an obvious homage to Sean Connery, star of the early James Bond movies. Uderzo modelled him on the appearance of Connery at the time the book was being drawn. Dubbelosix uses many "ancient times" versions of the popular gadgets of the Bond movies. His name is a pun on "006" (i.e. "007") — the "six" being required for the "-ix" suffix of all male Gaulish names in Asterix, and also reflecting the number of times Sean Connery portrayed the role of James Bond on screen, which at the time was six.
 * When attempting to cure Getafix, Dubbelosix administers "a grain spirit called Caledonian", which is explained as "Ancient Scotch". This is a pun referring to the drink and the people — all the more so since Connery is Scottish himself.
 * The secret service run by Surreptitius is referred to as M.I.VI. "VI" is 6 in Roman numerals, and MI6 is the name of the British espionage service.
 * Surreptitius is a caricature of actor Bernard Blier and bears some resemblance to James Bond's early bosses M (played in the films by Bernard Lee and Robert Brown)
 * The scene where the papyrus bearing instructions self-destructs after being read is a reference to Mission: Impossible where messages destroyed themselves after being received.
 * Saul ben Ephishul ("So Beneficial" or perhaps "It's all beneficial"), the Jew who escorts Asterix and Obelix from Jerusalem to the Dead Sea is based on Asterix creator and writer René Goscinny (also of Jewish stock), who had died four years earlier.
 * Asterix's and Obelix's visit to Jerusalem is full of references to the Bible. For example, Economikrisis mentions on page 29 that they have arrived in "the promised land". Asterix and Obelix spend the night in a stable in Bethlehem, and Saul ben Ephishul mentions the story of David and Goliath.
 * The Roman procurator "Pontius Pirate" (a reference to Pontius Pilate) is constantly washing his hands and resembles French actor Jean Gabin, who played Pontius Pilate in the 1935 French film Golgotha.
 * In the desert, Asterix and Obelix run into several warrior groups from historical Mesopotamian cultures — Sumerians, Assyrians, Hittites, Medes etc. — who each greet them with a hail of arrows because they mistake them for their enemies. Incidentally, the cultures conquered each other in the reverse order to which they appear in the comic; i.e. the Medes conquered the Assyrians, the Akkadians conquered the Sumerians etc. Their presence is, however, anachronistic, as these cultures no longer existed in Roman times. The entire sequence is a reference to the later 20th century conflicts in the Middle East.
 * The Herodian Kingdom of Israel is anachronistically referred as Palestine — this name came into use only in the 2nd century CE, whereas Asterix is set c. 50 BCE.
 * Near the end of the book when the rock oil is spilled into the sea, a seabird angrily shouts: "Oh no, don't tell me you are starting already!". This is a reference to oil spills, most notably the Amoco Cadiz which sank in 1978 in front of the coast of Brittany, where the home village of Asterix is located, according to the series.
 * The scene of Jerusalem is taken one on one from the Holyland hotel 2nd temple model as can be seen here in its original location (in a 3d view). This model has been moved to the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.
 * The Jews are all depicted as Yemenite Jews, with dark skin and black eyes and beards, a tribute to Marc Chagall the famous painter whose painting of King David hangs at the Knesset (Israeli Parliament).
 * Uderzo includes several small references to Jewish traditions.
 * The Gauls leave Jerusalem through the Lions' Gate, which, while drawn very accurately, was in fact built more than 1,200 years after the timeline of the Asterix comic. The lions (e.g. cheetahs) carved in the stones are the imperial Symbol of Baibars, and the gate with the 'lions', incorporated into Sultan Suleiman's outer wall, still stands today.
 * Several characters in the story comment on the uselessness and nastiness of rock oil, wondering why anybody would want it; this starkly contrasts the dependence on petroleum which marks our own time.
 * In the Norwegian translation, the new magic potion ingredient that replaced rock oil is not identified.

In other languages

 * Catalan: L'odissea d'Astèrix
 * Croatian: Rimski druid (Roman druid)
 * Czech: Asterixova odysea
 * Dutch: De odyssee van Asterix
 * Finnish: Asterixin harharetket
 * German: Die Odysee
 * Greek: Η οδύσσεια του Αστερίξ
 * Hebrew: אסטריקס וירושלים של זהב שחור
 * Indonesian: Perjalanan ke Mesopotamia (Journey to Mesopotamia)
 * Italian: L'Odissea di Asterix
 * Latin: Odyssea Asterigis
 * Norwegian: Asterix' Odysse
 * Portuguese: A odisseia de Astérix
 * Polish: Odyseja Asteriksa
 * Serbian: Asteriksova Odiseja
 * Spanish: La odisea de Astérix
 * Turkish: Asteriks ve Kara Altın
 * Swedish: Asterix på irrvägar

Reception
On Goodreads, Asterix and the Black Gold has a score of 4.01 out of 5.

authors: Я сошла с ума

title: Asterix and the Black Gold


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ATL (group)

ATL was an R&B group from Atlanta, Georgia. The Vocalists were Trè'Kas "Tré" Simms, Marvin "Will" Williams, Lawrence "L-Rock" Gibbs and Rapper Cory "Danger" Griffin. They had enlisted R. Kelly to produce their debut album The ATL Project, released in July 2004. Two singles were released from the album: "Calling All Girls" (#12 UK Singles Chart, May 2004), and "Make It Up With Love" (#21 UK, August 2004).

Biography
Simms, Williams, Gibbs, and Griffin came together after being chosen though an Atlanta-area talent search where previous R&B groups (112, Jagged Edge) had crossed over into hip-hop, by either featuring a guest rapper, or appearing on someone else's album. ATL was a self-contained R&B/hip-hop/fusion band. The quartet enlisted R. Kelly to produce their debut single, "Calling All Girls", which was released in 2003.

Several of ATL's songs started leaking onto the internet in 2006 whether they are from an upcoming album or previously recorded for "The ATL Project" is unknown. Their songs include "All Grown Men", "Throwback", "In The Club Tonight" featuring Jagged Edge, "Do It" featuring UK MC Doctor, "Foolin' Around", "L.O.V.E.", "Riding Dirty" and "What I'm Looking For". However, the songs were very outdated, as they were actually three years old at the time, even though they were then-recently released. ATL has indeed disbanded, but the members are working on individual projects, according to Gibbs. It was announced in 2013 that ATL would be making a comeback for one night only in the summer. It is yet to be determined when the date will be for this reunion.

Albums

 * 2004: The ATL Project (#76 UK )

title: ATL (group)


text:
Highland charge

The Highland charge was a battlefield shock tactic used by the clans of the Scottish Highlands which incorporated the use of firearms.

Historical development

Prior to the 17th century, Highlanders fought in tight formations, led by a heavily armed warrior elite who carried heavy battle axes or claymores (two-handed swords whose name comes from the Scottish Gaelic claidheamh mòr, meaning "great sword").

However, with the introduction of muskets and cannon, such formations became vulnerable. As a result, in the 17th century, Highlander warriors developed a lighter, one-handed, basket-hilted broadsword that protected the hand. This was generally used with a shield or targe strapped to the weak arm and a dirk or biotag ("long knife") held in the other hand.

The Scottish and Irish warrior Alasdair Mac Colla is sometimes credited with inventing the Highland charge during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms to meet a particular set of battlefield challenges. It was initially known as the Irish charge, due to the Irish component of Alasdair Mac Colla's Royalist military invasion of Covenanter Scotland. The use of the charge greatly resembled older Celtic fighting styles of battle in which one side would rush at the other in an attempt to break the line of battle.

The charge
The charge required a high degree of commitment as the men were rushing into musket range and would suffer casualties from at least one volley. Speed was essential, so the Highlanders preferred to employ the charge downhill and over firm ground; they removed clothing from their lower body for the same reason. They ran forward in clusters of a dozen (often blood relatives), which formed a larger, wedge-shaped formation. Once in effective musket range (60 yards), those with firearms would shoot; gun smoke from this mass discharge having obscured enemies' aim, the Highlanders obtained further protection from the expected return volley from the opposing force by crouching low to the ground immediately after firing. Then, firearms were dropped and edged weapons drawn, whereupon the men made the final rush on the enemy line with a Gaelic battle cry. Upon reaching striking distance, the Highlander would attempt to take the opponent's sword or bayonet point on his targe while lunging in low to deliver an upward thrust to his enemy's torso.

Bayonet technology and the charge
"The Highlanders are of such a quick motion that if a battalion keep up his fire to be sure of (hitting) them, they are upon it before our men can come to the second defense, which is the bayonet in the muzzle of the musket."

Before the adoption of ring attachments for bayonets, the attachment consisted of a plug inserted into the barrel, which meant a musket could not be fired or reloaded with a fixed bayonet. During their charge Highlanders made a relatively instant transition from firearms to swords as they swiftly closed with the opposing force. Those enemy soldiers with plug attachments (some carried a pike) had only moments to fix bayonets while under psychological pressure from the onrushing Highlanders brandishing swords and roaring their war cries. At the 1689 Battle of Killiecrankie Scottish professional soldiers, veterans of the Dutch Republic's Scots Brigade, were overwhelmed by the Highland Jacobites of Clan Cameron; the Highlanders secured a complete victory by a charge which killed 2000 redcoats for the loss of 800 Highlanders.

The ring bayonet reduced the effectiveness of the Highland charge, but it remained an example of shock tactics, with the key factor being psychological; the charge aimed at causing some enemy troops in the opposing line to break ranks thereby leaving openings which could be exploited to 'roll up' the rest. This happened at the 1644 Battle of Tippermuir and the 1745 Battle of Falkirk Muir.

Culloden
One of the less successful uses of the Highland charge was in 1746 during the final confrontation of the Jacobite rising of 1745, the Battle of Culloden. The battle pitted the Jacobite forces of Charles Edward Stuart against an army commanded by Prince William, Duke of Cumberland loyal to the British government. The under-nourished and unpaid Jacobite force was badly outnumbered and outgunned by well-trained regular troops who maintained discipline when charged.

Against the advice of his military advisors, Charles Edward Stuart insisted on making a stand against the pursuing army of Cumberland on the open moorland of Culloden with the intention of fighting defensively, a decision that most historians have seen as playing into the hands of the government forces. The Jacobites failed to take advantage of the opportunity of attacking before the enemy had positioned their artillery and were ready for action. Cumberland's artillery bombarded the Jacobite army, which was stationary and exposed, until up to a third of Charles's men were dispersed or made casualties (including a groom decapitated while holding Charles Edward's horse). At this point – and without orders from the Jacobite command – Clan Mackintosh in the centre of the Jacobite line began to charge. Donald Cameron of Lochiel led the Camerons to join them and some other clans followed in a spontaneous charge in which many failed to use their firearms. Despite canister shot and volleys, the charge reached – and in places broke through – the Government front line (though many Highlanders were without targes to protect from bayonets). However, Coehorn mortar shelling and devastating enfilade musket fire from the deeply echeloned government forces killed those who had made a breakthrough, while the others, after suffering heavy casualties, fell back in a retreat that quickly became a rout.

title: Highland charge


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Toretto

Ooh big man, fine I'll delete it anyways happy now?


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Jean Grae

Tsidi Ibrahim (born November 26, 1976), known professionally as Jean Grae (formerly What? What?), is an American rapper. She rose in the underground hip hop scene in New York City and has built an international fanbase. Grae's unique music and lyrical style have earned the artist recognition as a favorite emcee by many rap artists such as Talib Kweli, Jay-Z, and Black Thought of the Roots.

Early life
Jean Grae was born Tsidi Ibrahim, in Cape Town, South Africa, on November 26, 1976. The child of South African jazz musicians Sathima Bea Benjamin and Abdullah Ibrahim, Jean was raised in New York City, where the family moved after Jean's birth. Grae studied Vocal Performance at Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School, before studying a Major in Music Business at New York University; dropping out after three weeks of class.

1996–1998: Career beginnings
In 1995, Jean was discovered by George Rithm Martinez when he recruited the artist for a five-song demo in his group Ground Zero. The demo earned "Unsigned Hype" honors in The Source in March 1996. Jean later joined a hip hop group called Natural Resource along with rapper Ocean and disc jockey James "AGGIE" Barrett. In 1996, they released two 12-inch singles on their label, Makin' Records. They appeared on singles by Pumpkinhead and Bad Seed, as well as on the O.B.S. (Original Blunted Soldiers) double 12-inch single. They produced much of the material released under pseudonym "Run Run Shaw".

1998–2004: Solo career
Natural Resource dissolved in 1998, after which Jean changed her stage name from What? What? to Jean Grae, a reference to the X-Men character Jean Grey. Jean released the LP, Attack of the Attacking Things, on August 6, 2002, and released This Week on September 21, 2004. Jean has recorded with major hip-hop artists such as Atmosphere, The Roots, Phonte, Mr. Len, Pharoahe Monch, The Herbaliser, Masta Ace and Immortal Technique.

Grae recorded an album with North Carolina producer 9th Wonder, entitled Jeanius; the unfinished recording was leaked online, and work stopped. However, at a release party for 9th Wonder's Dream Merchant Volume 2, Jean stated that Jeanius was still going to be released. It was released on June 24, 2008 on Zune Live Marketplace, then on disc on July 8, 2008. Jean's rapping was described by Robert Christgau as "remarkable for its rapidity, clarity and idiomatic cadence. The writing has a good-humored polysyllabic literacy."

2005–2008: Blacksmith Music
Previously signed to Babygrande Records, Jean signed a deal in 2005 with Talib Kweli's Blacksmith Records. On April 28, 2008, Grae posted a blog entry on MySpace saying goodbye to fans. Jean was disenchanted with the music industry and desired to start a family, but said that work on new material was ongoing. In July 2008, Talib Kweli posted a blog entry explaining Grae's album, mentioning that Grae was not retiring. He encouraged fans to purchase the album, referring to Grae as "one of the last true MCs left." Grae returned to doing live performances later that year.

2008–present: Freelance
On September 18, 2008, Grae posted a Craigslist ad offering creative services for $800/16 bars. On a blog, Jean stated, "I don't wanna complain anymore, I just wanna change some things about the way artists are treated and the way you guys are allowed to be involved, since it IS the digital age." Since then, Jean's music has been self-released through the artist's website and Bandcamp.

On June 25, 2011, Grae released a free mixtape entitled Cookies or Comas, which features guest appearances from Styles P, Talib Kweli and Pharoahe Monch; it also includes "Assassins" from Monch's W.A.R. album and "Uh Oh" From Talib Kweli's Gutter Rainbows. This was followed by the 10-track Dust Ruffle on January 2, 2013, featuring unreleased songs from 2004 to 2010. Between October and November 2013, Grae released EPs titled Gotham Down Cycle 1: Love in Infinity (Lo-Fi), Gotham Down Cycle II: Leviathan, Gotham Down Cycle 3: The Artemis Epoch. In December 2013, Jean combined them into Gotham Down Deluxe. Grae branched out from music, releasing audiobook The State of Eh in January 2014, and writing, directing and starring in the online sitcom Life with Jeanie. In 2013, Jean had a supporting role in indie film Big Words and in 2015 appeared on the And The Crime Ring episode of CBS sitcom 2 Broke Girls. On October 2, 2016, Jean hosted the Golden Probes. On September 9, 2018, Grae and Quelle Chris released their 15 track joint album Everything's Fine, rated by Rolling Stone as the 22nd best Hip Hop Album of 2018.

Personal life and musical style
On December 3, 2017, Grae got engaged to fellow rapper and producer Quelle Chris. On August 5, 2018, they were married at the W Loft in Brooklyn. He is known for more than 15 studio albums and collaborative albums with fellow rappers.

Grae identifies as non-binary and uses she/her pronouns.

Grae's rapping style relies on a complex interplay of shifting rhythms and slanted rhymes. An analysis by Matt Daniels for The Pudding indicated that Jean uses a higher-than-average range of vocabulary in her lyrics.

Studio albums

 * Attack of the Attacking Things (2002)
 * This Week (2004)
 * Jeanius (with 9th Wonder ) (2008)
 * Everything's Fine (with Quelle Chris) (2018)

Compilation albums

 * Dust Ruffle (2012)
 * Gotham Down Deluxe (2013)

EPs

 * The Bootleg of the Bootleg EP (2003)
 * Ho x 3: A Christmas Thingy (2012)
 * Gotham Down: Cycle 1: Love In Infinity (Lo-Fi) (2013)
 * Gotham Down: Cycle II: Leviathan (2013)
 * Gotham Down: Cycle 3: The Artemis Epoch (2013)
 * jeannie. (2014)
 * #5 (2014)
 * The State of Eh. A Read Along Album Book Thing. By Jean Grae. (2014)
 * That's Not How You Do That: An Instructional Album for Adults (2014)
 * That's Not How You Do That Either: Yet Another Instructional Album for Adults (2015)
 * iSweatergawd (2015)
 * Saix (2015)
 * Jean Grae's CHRISTMAKWHANNUVUSWALIYEARS (2015)
 * MERRYPOCALYPSE (with Quelle Chris) (2016)
 * Sevvin (2016)

Mixtapes

 * The Official Bootleg (2003)
 * The Grae Files (2004)
 * The Grae Mixtape (2004)
 * Hurricane Jean The Mixtape (2005)
 * Hurricane Jean: The Jeanius Strikes Again (2005)
 * Cookies or Comas (2011)

Other song appearances

 * Immortal Technique – The Illest (ft. Jean Grae and Pumpkinhead)
 * Immortal Technique – You Never Know (ft. Jean Grae)
 * Akir – Tropical Fantasy (ft. Jean Grae)
 * The High & Mighty – Hands On Experience (ft. What?What?, Kool Keith and Bobbito)
 * Tek 9 – Keep It Hot (ft. What?What?)
 * Tek 9 – Bruklon (ft. What?What?)
 * Mr. Lif – Post Mortem
 * Atmosphere – Insomnia 411 (ft. Roosevelt Franklin and Jean Grae)
 * The Herbaliser – Blow Your Headphones – "The Blend"
 * The Herbaliser – Blow Your Headphones – "New + Improved"
 * The Herbaliser – Blow Your Headphones – Bring It"
 * The Herbaliser – Very Mercenary – "Mission Improbable"
 * The Herbaliser – Very Mercenary – "Let It Go"
 * The Herbaliser – Take London – "Nah' Mean, Nah'm Sayin'"
 * The Herbaliser – Take London – "Generals"
 * The Herbaliser – Take London – "Close Your Eyes"
 * The Herbaliser – Take London – "Twice Around"
 * The Herbaliser – Take London (second edition's bonus disc) – "More Tea, More Beer"
 * The Herbaliser – Take London (second edition's bonus disc) – "How To Keep A Girlfriend"
 * The Herbaliser – Same As It Never Was – "Street Karma (A Cautionary Tale)"
 * Masta Ace – Disposable Arts – "Hold U" (ft. Jean Grae)
 * Masta Ace – Soda and Soap (ft. Jean Grae)
 * Quelle Chris – Being You Is Great, I Wish I Could Be You More Often – "The Prestige" (ft. Jean Grae)
 * Talib Kweli – New York Shit (ft. Jean Grae)
 * Talib Kweli – Say Something
 * Talib Kweli – Where You Gonna Run (ft. Jean Grae)
 * Talib Kweli – Uh Oh (ft. Jean Grae)
 * Talib Kweli – Black Girl Pain (ft. Jean Grae)
 * Cannibal Ox – Swing Blades (ft. Jean Grae)
 * Soul Daddy – No Drank (ft. Jean Grae)
 * Ski Beatz – Prowler 2 (ft. Jean Grae, Jay Electronica, Joell Ortiz & Mos Def)
 * Wale – Goodbye (ft. Jean Grae)
 * Diverse – Under the hammer (ft. Jean Grae)
 * Joell Ortiz – So Wrong (ft. Talib Kweli, Brother Ali & Jean Grae)
 * Lil B – Base 4 Ya Face (ft. Jean Grae & Phonte)
 * DJ Jazzy Jeff – Supa Jean (ft. Jean Grae)
 * Pharoahe Monch – Assassins (ft. Jean Grae & Royce Da 5'9")
 * Sharkey – Sharkey's Machine – "Summer in the City (Lovin' It)"
 * Rosco P. Coldchain – It's Our World (Tryin' Times) (ft. D.P. & Jean Grae)
 * Maurice "Mobetta" Brown – Back At The Ranch (ft. Jean Grae)
 * Bodi – Epilogue (ft. Kristoff Krane & Jean Grae)
 * Jota Mayúscula – Maybe (ft. Jean Grae)
 * The Roots – Somebody's Gotta Do It (ft. Jean Grae)
 * MC Frontalot - Gold Locks
 * Rapsody - Blankin Out Remix (ft. Jean Grae)
 * Sammus - ''1080p (feat. Jean Grae)"
 * Flying Pupa - Can It

title: Jean Grae


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AMA University

AMA University, also known as AMA Computer University (AMACU) or simply AMA, is a private, nonsectarian, for-profit university in Quezon City, Philippines.

AMA Institute of Computer Studies
AMA University and its sister school AMA Computer College (AMACC) were founded by Amable R. Aguiluz V, who named them after the initials of his father's name, Amable Mendoza Aguiluz Sr.

Aguiluz founded the AMA Institute of Computer Studies with the first computer school located along Shaw Boulevard on October 20, 1980. Back then, AMA Institute of Computer Studies offered only short-term courses in Electronic Data Processing Fundamentals, Basic Programming, and Technology Career. Three students enrolled at the AMA Institute of Computer Studies during the first semester.

AMA Computer College, branches and sister schools

AMA Computer College was created in June 1981. It extended its services through a four-year Bachelor of Science degree program in Computer Science. With only a handful of students in its first year of operation, the AMACC student population rose from 600 in 1983 to 2,000 in 1985 on its first official campus in Makati. Shortly after, it established its main campus in Quezon City. Two provincial campuses were then founded in Cebu City and Davao City.

The AMA Computer Learning Center (ACLC) was established in 1987 and the AMA Telecommunication & Electronic Learning Center in 1996. The former offers short-course programs for professionals and two-year technical/vocational courses for those who wish to acquire employment skills. The latter concentrates on telecommunication, electronics, and related technologies.

Elevation to university
AMA Computer College of Quezon City became AMA Computer University or AMA University following the conferment of university status by the Philippine government's Commission on Higher Education (CHED) on August 20, 2001.

In 2003, AMA Computer University partnered with Carnegie Mellon University's iCarnegie to use its curriculum and courses through e-learning. Previously, iCarnegie had approached STI for the agreement, but opted to stick with AMACU instead.

Overseas AMA Computer College campuses
In 2003, AMA Education system brokered a partnership with the government of Bahrain to establish the AMA International University in Manama.

Athletic programs
In 2001, AMA joined the newly created National Athletic Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (NAASCU).

Political affiliations
Amable Aguiluz V was Joseph Estrada's political endorser in the 1998 Presidential elections. Aguiluz resigned from the Commission in November 1999 due to a controversial purchase of equipment by the commission from a subsidiary of the AMA Group of Companies.

Aguiluz's father Amable Aguiluz Sr. was Diosdado Macapagal's friend and Aguiluz Sr. served as chairman and auditor-general of the Commission on Audit in the 1960s. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was invited to AMA's sponsored political rallies. In 1995, Arroyo attended a political rally in AMA when she ran for re-election as senator. Arroyo attended all graduation rites for AMA from 2002 to 2005. Arroyo cited AMA for not participating in cause oriented and student activist groups. Arroyo appointed Aguiluz as Presidential Adviser for the Middle East.

Colleges

 * College of Computer Studies
 * College of Engineering
 * College of Business Administration and Accountancy
 * College of Arts and Sciences
 * College of Education

Branches
AMA Computer College has 41 campuses nationwide under the AMA University and Colleges umbrella. Only the main campus of AMA in Project 8 is accredited with a University status; all else are under study for proper tertiary status. Student population mainly determine the longevity of the campuses.

Member schools
The AMA Education System has a number of member schools.

 * AMA Computer College are educational institutions across the Philippines that offer the same programs as AMACU.
 * AMA International University is a partnership between the government of Bahrain and AMA Education System serving AMA's ICT programs in the Arab Region.
 * AMA Computer Learning Center (ACLC College) offers shorter Information Technology-related programs.
 * ABE International Business College offers Business Administration, Hotel and Restaurant Management, Tourism, and Information Technology.
 * St. Augustine School of Nursing offers short medicine-related programs like caregiving.
 * Norwegian Maritime Academy offers maritime-related courses like marine engineering.
 * AMA School of Medicine offers medicine-related courses like nursing.
 * AMA Basic Education offers basic education programs.
 * Delta Air International Aviation Academy offers studies in aviation.

School principal case resolution
On January 23, 2007, the Supreme Court affirmed the decision of the NLRC regarding the dismissal of a high school principal.

A high school principal was promoted on May 13, 1996, but an incident four days later led to her dismissal. A cashier at the company, carried a brown envelope containing PhP 47,299.34 to the comfort room of the school. While inside, she placed the envelope on top of the (toilet bowl) tank. After she left the room, she realized the envelope was left behind, hence she returned to the comfort room, but the envelope was already gone. The incident was reported to the area director, who told that the only person she recalled entering the comfort room after her was the school principal. Investigation of the school principal was ordered. Thereafter, she was brought to the barangay office and the incident was entered in its blotter. On May 20, 1996, she was suspended.

School officials served the principal several notices to appear during the hearings and to submit her written explanation, but the hearings were always cancelled. On June 19, 1996, AMA dismissed the principal on the ground of loss of trust and confidence. On June 21, 1996, school officials sent her another notice directing her to appear on June 27, 1996, hearing and to submit a written explanation. The hearing was, again, cancelled. On July 1, 1996, AMA finally terminated her employment.

On August 14, 1996, Garay filed a complaint for her dismissal and on September 14, 1998, NLRC Labor Arbiter Eduardo Carpio rendered judgment. He ruled that there was no material and direct evidence to show that the employee took the collections. NLRC ordered AMA to immediately reinstate her to her former or substantially equal position and pay her backwages computed in the amount of P300,000.00 (July 1, 1996, to December 31, 1998 = 30 months. P10,000.00 x 30 months = P300,000.00), moral damages of PhP 100,000.00 and exemplary damages of PhP 50,000.00.

Student case resolution
On November 10, 2004, the Regional Trial Court dismissed the case against 48 students and granted the students' motion to discontinue the proceedings after getting assurance from the school administration that they can continue with their studies. The students were ordered dismissed by school management October 4, 2004, for holding a protest rally in front of the school.

The students were dismissed from the school by the area director, school director and the school's disciplinary board after they held a protest rally in front of the school campus without the necessary permit. They said that the dismissal of the students was based on a resolution dated October 9 issued by Student Disciplinary Tribunal, which states that holding of rallies or any related activities without the necessary permit from an authorized school officer is a major offense that merits dismissal as provided for in the student handbook.

The students filed a 13-page civil suit with damages against the school for dismissing them. They also claimed their dismissal was null and void and violates their freedom of expression as enshrined in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. They said they held the rally to show support for the preventive suspension of several regular teachers, the implementation of the webcast teaching system and other unresolved issues regarding miscellaneous fees.

The students were accompanied by police authorities in going back to school.

Daniel Padilla PBA D-League issue
Local celebrity and AMA endorser Daniel Padilla was selected as the final round draft pick of the expansion AMA Online Education Titans of the PBA D-League in 2014. Despite claims that Padilla was enrolled by the university, he ultimately declined to join the D-League and that he was drafted without his prior knowledge.

Notable alumni

 * Mujiv Hataman – Governor of Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
 * Chito Jaime – PBA Player - San Miguel Beermen
 * Getulio Napeñas – former head of the Philippine National Police Special Action Force
 * Rainier Castillo – as freshman before joining Starstruck
 * Teddy Corpuz – Rocksteddy's vocalist
 * Onel de Guzman – computer programmer and hacker
 * Jolina Magdangal – actress
 * Ryza Cenon – actress, dancer, and model
 * Sharlene San Pedro – actress, model, and video streamer

title: AMA University


text:
User talk:Althegreat

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --JYolkowski // talk 14:25, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:Althegreat


text:
User:Volatile

Introduction
Not much here except the tumbleweed (and long boring lists), but it's better than a blank page.

About me
I'm an eighteen year old American idiot, who discovered Wikipedia some time ago. I've been using it as a tool for procrastination (I call it "practice" for those long spirit-killing essays) ever since. Currently, I'm a college student, so that doesn't leave much time to edit. When I do contribute, it's usually in the areas of film, literature, or music.

Pages I created
Renata Adler, journalist/author; Zoe Akins, playwright; Sara Allgood, actress; Eleanor Antin, artist; "At Last", song; At Last!, album; Automat, painting; Fontella Bass, singer; Rex Beach, novelist; Bell, Book and Candle, film; Bend of the River, film; Bright Leaf, novel/film; "Bring It On Home to Me", song; Gwen Bristow, novelist; The Bullfighter and the Lady, film; Ralph Burton, historical figure; Carbine Williams, film; Cheyenne Autumn, film; Chop Suey, painting; William H. Clothier, cinematographer; Ralph Connor, novelist; Stephen Coonts, novelist; Carolyn Crawford, singer; Robert Crichton, novelist; Royal Dano, actor; "The Dark End of the Street", song; John Darnton, journalist/author; Delmer Daves, screenwriter/director; Gwen Davis, novelist; Peter De Vries, novelist; Melinda Dillon, actress; "Dream", song; Robert Engler, author/professor; Firecreek, film; Foster Fitzsimmons, professor/novelist; Henry Fonda filmography, actor filmography; John Fox, Jr., novelist; Josh Friedman, screenwriter; John P. Fulton, special effects supervisor/cinematographer; Hamlin Garland, novelist; "Got My Mojo Working", song; Robert Grant, novelist; Guy Green, director/screenwriter; Murray Hamilton, actor; Ron Hansen, novelist; Harlow, film; Anthony Harvey, film director; Roy Hawkins, musician; Alfred Hitchcock filmography, filmography; "Hoochie Coochie Man", song; "I Just Want to Make Love to You", song; I Novel, literary genre; "I Saw the Light", song; "I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive", song; "I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry", song; "In the Deep", song; Charles R. Jackson, novelist; Jesse James, film; Mabel John, blues singer; Theo Jung, photographer; Fred Katz, jazz musician; Bel Kaufman, novelist; Madison Jones, novelist/professor; Kandi, singer; Frances Parkinson Keyes, novelist; Guy Kibbee, actor; Ernest Laszlo, cinematographer; Sidney Lens, journalist/author; List of bestselling novels in the United States, list; Louis R. Loeffler, film editor; "Love Song", song; "Lovesick Blues", song; Lisa Lu, actress; Madigan, film; Charles Major, novelist; Derek Malcolm, film critic; John Martel, novelist; Fort Miles, military fort; Little Milton, blues musician; "Move It On Over", song; Mildred Natwick, actress; Mr. Hobbs Takes a Vacation, film; "Misty Blue", song; The Mountain Road, film; National Board of Review Award for Best Film, award; Guillermo Navarro, cinematographer; Neanderthal, novel; Night Passage, film; No Highway in the Sky, film; No More Drama, album; Kathleen Norris, novelist; North to Alaska, film; "Not Gon' Cry", song; Orca, film; Paula Jai Parker, actress; Louise Thompson Patterson, social activist; Michael Peña, actor; "Rainy Night in Georgia", song; Robert Riskin, screenwriter; Henry Morton Robinson, novelist; Judith Rossner, novelist; Robert Ruark, novelist; Sam Cooke discography, discography; Santa Fe Trail, film; Side Street, film; Snake Eyes, film; Richard Martin Stern, novelist; Andrew L. Stone, filmmaker; Edward Streeter, novelist; Muriel Stuart, poet; Samuel A. Taylor, screenwriter; Tell Mama, album; The Century of Films, list of films; The Cheyenne Social Club, film; The Comancheros, film; The Far Country, film; The Farmer Takes a Wife, film; The FBI Story, film; The Grass Is Greener, film; The Hondells, band; The Jackpot, film; The Man from Laramie, film; The Matador, film; The Money Pit, film; The Return of Frank James, film; The Second Time Around, album; The Spirit of St. Louis, film; "The Thrill Is Gone", song; The Tin Star, film; The Trail of the Lonesome Pine, novel/film; The Velvelettes, vocal group; There Was a Crooked Man..., film; They Died with Their Boots On, film; Kay Thompson, writer; Maurice Thompson, novelist; Thunder Bay, film; Torn Curtain, film; Trik Turner, band; "Trouble No More", song; Gary Usher, record producer; Billy Wilder filmography, filmography; Mare Winningham, actress; Trading Yesterday, band; You Only Live Once, film; "You Send Me", song; Rafi Zabor, writer.

Articles with my contributions
3:10 to Yuma, film (article exansion); 311, band (discography); "A Change Is Gonna Come", song; Anastacia, singer (chart information); Audioslave, band (discography); "Baker Street", song; Mary J. Blige, singer (discography); Brave New World, novel (copyedit/image); Bruce Springsteen discography, discography; Cimarron, novel/film (article re-write); Comedy film, genre (organization/text); Sam Cooke, singer (discography); Joseph Cotten, actor (article re-write); Dodsworth, novel/film (expansion/infobox); Henry Fonda, actor (additional text); Foo Fighters, band (discography); Marc Forster, director (re-write); "Half as Much", song (re-write/chart info); Brenda Holloway, singer (discography); James Stewart Filmography, filmography (reformatting); Ben E. King, singer (discography); List of Scientologists, list (name addition); Shelley Long, actress (article re-write); Emmanuel Lubezki, cinematographer (expansion); Anthony Mann, director (filmography); Katherine Mansfield, writer (article re-write); Martha and the Vandellas, vocal group (discography); Robert Mitchum, actor (article re-write); Wright Morris, novelist (additional text/bibliography); Network, film (article expansion); Wilson Pickett, singer (discography); Random Harvest, novel/film (expansion/infobox); Red Hot Chili Peppers, band (discography); Otis Redding, singer (discography); "Respect", song (article re-write); River of No Return, film (article expansion); Roaring Twenties, decade (various text); "(Sittin' on) the Dock of the Bay", song (article re-write); Snakes on a Plane, film (infobox/expansion); Staind, band (discography); James Stewart, actor (article re-write); Stone Temple Pilots, band (discography); The Day After, film (extensive text); The Dramatics, vocal group (expansion); The Drifters, vocal group (discography); The Glenn Miller Story, film (article re-write); The High and the Mighty, film (article re-write); "The High and the Mighty", song (additional text); The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, film (article re-write); The Marvelettes, vocal group (article re-write); The Miracles, vocal group (discography); The Naked Spur, film (article re-write); The Real Folk Blues, album compilation (expansion); The Seventies, decade (various text); "Wake Me Up When September Ends", song (chart/credits/references); Mary Wells, singer/songwriter (article re-write); Billy Wilder, film director; Hank Williams, musician (discography); Winchester '73, film (plot/infobox).

For future reference

 * Karsh collection
 * Van Vechten collection

es:Usuario:Volátil

title: User:Volatile


text:
User talk:Krazykillaz

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Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --JYolkowski // talk 14:24, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
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Speedy deletion nomination of Dutchie

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title: User talk:Krazykillaz


text:
Talk:Veal

The free-raising method is environmentally friendly and sustainable.
Under types, free raised veal. This cites no sources and common sense tells me that it is probably no more enviromentally friendly than the other methods. It also cannot possibly be more sustainable unless the calves are allowed to breed before they are slaughtered. For these reasons I have removed this statement. The statement that this type of veal contains less fat also cites no sources. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 222.153.123.29 (talk) 03:29, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

 * The statement about free-raised veal has a weak/biassed reference and strikes me as dubious. If these calves are never (never ever) given anti-biotics, even when they become ill, that would not strike me as a good thing.Ratinabox (talk) 19:13, 3 May 2010 (UTC)

The controversy section
The "controversy" section is a good three times larger than the rest of the article, which seems to push this article towards a negative POV. Is there any reason there is no section about its role in cuisine? —  The KMan  talk  00:09, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

 * It's a shame. Some people know enough of, and are sick and tired of hearing about, the method in which the meat is procured. I for one would like to see more information on the tendancies the meat has, like on all the other pages on various meats. It states certain cuisines, but apart from the names of countries, we have no more information!! Lady BlahDeBlah 15:46, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

I tried to add some balance, though I haven't included specific dishes. Some pictures of food would be nice.

Pictures smictures. I was looking for the best and proper ways to cook veal, of which this article is woefully deficient. Instead of a vegatarian's guide to why crackpots should hate veal production, how about a mature, intellegent guide to preparing, serving, and eating one of the worlds oldest meats? Its for reasons like this that many Wiki pages have become gutless imitations of propaganda blogs. Radzewicz (talk) 16:43, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

Wikipedia is not a cookbook. The treatment of veal calves and the process of converting them into a food item is relevant. If you feel some specific portion of this article is biases, perhaps you should discus that instead of your anti-vegetarian biases. 08:33, 1 May 2009 (UTC)

Blatant plagiarism: In this article, part of the controversy section reads:  "In recent practice, living conditions for veal calves vary greatly, with some modern farms providing clean, well-lit and -ventilated environments, with enough room for calves to STAND, STRETCH, GROOM THEMSELVES AND LAY DOWN IN A NATURAL POSITION." This phrase capitalized is copied verbatim from this pro-veal link: http://www.dutchvalleyveal.com/html/vealfaqs-links.htm   (See Q: How are veal calves housed?). Phrase needs to be cited in the article to show that this viewpoint is biased toward the pro-veal side. 68.238.194.212 04:30, 20 August 2006 (UTC) Joe Daniels  August 20, 2006

There was no reference in the article to the recent decision of the European Union to ban the use of veal crates and anemia inducing diets. (as of 2007) I do not feel that including this citation in the article is POV;  I am not asserting whether the EU was right or wrong to pass this legislation. Rather, it is simply a statement of what the European Union voted to do. The counterarguments to ending the use of veal crates in this section keeps this article balanced.

I've made a couple of changes to wording to make the article more informative. I think they're minor but didn't flag them as such in case anyone else disagreed.RDT2 14:28, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

The contraversy section is rediculously large. No article should ever have more than 10% of the content as contraversy. WilyD 00:29, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

This article does seem to read like propaganda from the veal producing industry. Using the word "cull" instead of slaughtered is a perfect example of this. It is dishonest, and not neutral at all. Animals are slaughtered when they are killed for their meat. Now saying murdered would also not be neutral. I suggest "culled" be changed to "slaughtered". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.181.97.251 (talk) 03:38, 25 March 2009 (UTC)
 * A dictionary I checked included several variations on "slaughter" as definitions of "cull". It looks like it's more of a synonym than a euphemism, so I don't think there's any need to change it. If it said they were, say, "processed into veal" then I'd agree that it was euphemistic, diverting attention from the killing by making the process of doing so vague, but to cull a group of animals invariably means to slaughter them. --Icarus (Hi!) 15:01, 25 March 2009 (UTC)

I wrote something a bit brash earlier and I think I'll replace that by saying the terms factory farm and "individual attention" are contradictory by nature. thousands of these animals are crammed into a single factory farm unit and there is no room for individual attention as, among other things, it is not economically viable to do so. Most veal end up lame before it is their time to be "culled" and that's the point. By restricting the baby calves movements so much it atrophies the muscles making the meat tenderer and more valuable. There are no sources to back up the claim that giving individual attention to these animals is a common practice on any factory farm, especial veal factories, and I dispute it. In fact, I think there's much to dispute about this entire article. As has been stated numerous times before, much of this reads like veal factory farm propaganda and I believe this whole article needs an overhaul.

Q: Why is Bernie Rollins marked as an unreliable source? He is the single most expert and experienced agricultural ethicist alive on the planet today.Ratinabox (talk) 21:16, 19 June 2009 (UTC)

Edited first paragraph of "Animal Welfare" to remove poorly worded sections. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.74.240.2 (talk) 08:37, 20 June 2009 (UTC)

Cull v. Slaughter
I grew up on a farm. Culling was what you did when having members of the herd killed due to illness, injury, or genetic inferiority (as to eliminate undesirable traits from a branch of breeding stock). I never heard the word 'cull' used as a euphamism for slaughter.

By contrast, 'slaughter' meant to kill an animal as a prelude to cleaning and butchering the meat.

Each word covered a specific process. 12.190.158.7 (talk) 14:44, 12 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the inside knowledge! --Icarus (Hi!) 16:40, 12 May 2009 (UTC)

I'm with 12.190.158.7 - it is not another word for slaughter. A cull is a more widespread large-scale undertaking in which a part of a population needs to be killed off. 12.190... 's reasons were right on the money. A few months ago in Egypt, when people were really paranoid of the swine flu, the Egyptian Government decided to have every pig in Egypt killed off, even though none of them had swine flu, they did it, and that process of control is called a cull. It also happens with wildlife around the world. For example: wolves in some areas "seem" excessive to pro-hunting organizations, following people go out a cull off a number of them.

I've personally been to 2 veal farms in the states, and I have to say it was a very disturbing experience. It is 100% clear as to why veal gets so much retaliation.

'Culled' is used once in the article, to be more accurate, I'm going to change it to 'slaughtered'. Furthermore, with the passing of Prop. 2 in California last November, veal crates will soon be banned in California (& Michigan), I'm going to add this info to the article.

I agree with the WilyD above, the controversy section is very large, but since this is a situation with a high amount of controversy, I think the controversy section should be large, but if it over-dominates, then obviously we should make a separate page just for veal's controversy.

I'm going to spend some time on this article to improve it and get more sources. NoFlyingCars (talk) 00:04, 23 October 2009 (UTC)

Article Overhaul
Hey folks, yes, this article needs it. Tons of things currently in this article are not sources, especially in the Production section. Researching this unsourced information I could only find an accurate source for about 80% of it all. I thus will remove the unsorced content and replaced it with sourced content. I've gathered almost 40 other sources and a good bit of other information to really expand this article to be a great place to learn about veal. The major expansions I'm working on is adding a History section, which this article lacks. Furthermore, I have a strong amount of material to about double the size of the production section that goes into the entire production process: birth, housing, feeding, parts of calf used, and color factors that determine veal value. Furthermore, I feel the animal welfare section needs to be heavily expanded. I'm working on a good bit of information on it and trying hard to not make it biased. I feel it's about evenly balanced with what I have, so far. It will contain strong points in the veal industry, such as their cooperation to improve facilities by customer request. It'll have a little section on hormone usage, and a sort of timeline on where and when veal crates have been banned. Some of this info was in the Production section, but it really doesn't fit well in there.

Anyways, I'm gonna do the changes to this article in the next few days after I complete my drafts. I'd appreciate some feedback. And my grammar is not 100% correct, so someone will have to run through it to fix any grammar mistakes. It's taken me many hours to gather up all the information and arrange it, to make this a respectable article, but it's worth it. I want to get rid of the warning tags on the article, which is my goal. Thanks NoFlyingCars (talk) 08:13, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

I'm not buying into to the arguments but when you redo this page please try to take out as much repetition as possible. The controversy items are doubled up a bit which does make it seem a bit soapboxy.58.170.99.19 (talk) 08:33, 3 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Good idea, I fully agree with you. I'm almost done with an overhaul which organizes everything better, and kills the doubled controversy items, and adds more information to the article, as well as tons of reliable sources. I've been spending a good while researching and so forth and will have the article updated before November 10th, 2009. It will require review. Much thanks. NoFlyingCars (talk) 23:46, 5 November 2009 (UTC)

12.106.251.2 (talk) 19:11, 16 September 2010 (UTC)Some time back I wrote a section about welfare that was neutral and cited numerous scientific studies from peer-revoewed journals. Where did that section go? Can it be recovered? It seems to have been replaced by a very slanted section of text using emotionally loaded and poorly defined terms (e.g. "factory farming").

it looks like someone assumed half of the calves born were male, then of those males, half of them may have been female lol. thats in the births section. anyone else see that as poor wording?? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.227.186.79 (talk) 05:39, 8 January 2011 (UTC)

Removal of questionable neutrality banners?
I re-did, improved, and expanded both the Production and Animal Welfare sections and I believe they are both neutral, as it is. I need more input on this. Do my improvements work? I would like to get these eye-sore banners removed and have a fully neutral article. It looks good in my eyes, how about yours? Much thanks, NoFlyingCars (talk) 23:29, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

The banners are still there. I came to the Talk page to see why the "Production" section was considered of questionable neutrality; I don't see anything there that seems particularly biased (the periodic sections about "free raised" veal do read like they were lifted from a brochure or press release, but that's not necessarily an indication of bias as long as the statements themselves are objectively true). 68.105.71.75 (talk) 08:36, 18 May 2010 (UTC)

From the Animal Welfare section, I'm guessing the press release/brochure came from "Strauss Brands", whoever they are. This section is definitely more iffy bias-wise than the Production section was and practically seems like a commercial. Pretty sure this could still be trimmed (eliminating every mention of a specific brand would help considerably). 68.105.71.75 (talk) 08:44, 18 May 2010 (UTC)

The humane society link is broken
The article has a link into the investigation of the closed slaughterhouse. It used to be at: http://www.humanesociety.org/news/news/2009/10/veal_investigation_103009.html

It was changed to just say link broken. I chnaged to text to say it wasn't available anymore. If anyone else has a location for where it could be found feel free to put it back. I checked archive.org's wayback machine, and it wasn't there.

The article probably stand pretty well without the link to the video, and the reference could probably be taken out completely since the link doesn't work anymore. What do you think? Vettrock (talk) 16:30, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

I just took out the whole line. Vettrock (talk) 16:32, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

I found the video here http://www.humanesociety.org/news/news/2009/10/calf_investigation_103009.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.170.104.229 (talk) 22:20, 20 February 2010 (UTC)

The first reference link is also no longer available - the BBC link. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.12.122.89 (talk) 10:43, 31 May 2010 (UTC)

I don't know why the section that discusses the slaughterhouse that was closed down is not mentioned by name. The name was the 'Bushway Packing Plant'. I see no reason to NOT name the plant or even mention the owner, Frank Perretta. Here is a link that still works, http://7d.blogs.com/blurt/2010/06/bushway-owner-charged-with-animal-cruelty.html Don't know why the link isn't highlighting as I typed it exactly. If you type it in search or in the http header it will come up. Some of the links that are listed in the article don't work anymore. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.154.232.44 (talk) 21:39, 26 October 2010 (UTC)

Banned in Finland
''Veal calf production as such is not allowed in many Northern European countries, such as in Finland. As in Finland giving feed, drink or other nutrition which is known to be dangerous to the health of the animal to an animal which is being cared for is prohibited, as well as failing to give nutrients the lack of which is known to cause the animal to fall ill''
 * Since Veal production does not necessarily require giving harmful nutrients, this assertion needs more explanation beyond the links. Dainamo (talk) 10:01, 9 September 2010 (UTC)

 * It is correct that veal production does not necessarily REQUIRE giving harmful nutrients. However it is common practice in veal production to feed veal cattle with a low-iron milk solution. This could be constructed as 'failing to provide nutrients' as it creates a health deficiency in veal cattle for cosmetic purpose (a whiter meat tone than you would achieve using natural milk to feed the cattle). JLV88 (talk) 08:59, 26 November 2014 (UTC)

This article sucks
I am amazed that this very biased POV and deficient article has been allowed to stand. It is a FACT that historically much or most veal was produced in what many countries now consider illegal conditions. Where is this explained? It isn't. Those conditions include confinement and forced feeding. Where are these methods explained? Why isn't there a link to foie gras? There is significant disagreement between what is and what is not humane living conditions and diet, yet that isn't anywhere to be seen here. Why not? I'd be very surprized if both sides haven't scientific studies supporting their POVs. If I'm correct, why isn't there a section describing the various requirements (UK, USA (state by state), Europe, etc.) as well as what the science has found (in terms of health and stress)?? I have no expectation that the vegetarians will agree with the people who eat road kill, but at least the major governmental, business, and humane organizations POVs should be made explicit and discussed. Which of the major restaurant chains feature veal? (and how is that veal raised?)173.189.77.209 (talk) 16:40, 27 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Instead of saying "this sucks", being needlessly offensive, why not provide some of the information that you feel is missing, since you seem to be aware of it? 331dot (talk) 16:42, 27 June 2014 (UTC)

 * I don't understand how a "link to foie gras", which is a paté created from the fattened livers of ducks and goose, would benefit this article. The ONLY thing foie gras and veal have in common is that they're both considered to be controversial dishes.
 * Veal calves aren't being force-fed a milk solution. They're being fed a synthesized milk solution for the purpose of whitening their meat. While that's probably still worth including in the article it is not the same thing as being force-fed. Force-feeding involves jamming a tube down an animals throat in order to be able to fatten it quicker than you would be able to if the animal could freely choose how much it ate. This would make no sense for veal calves. 79.237.204.26 (talk) 08:41, 26 November 2014 (UTC)

PETA is not a reliable source
Please do not use PETA as a source for animal husbandry and livestock production articles. This is the equivilant of using the Neo Nazi party as a source for the holocaust. WP:QUESTIONABLE

The Nazi/Peta bit is completely over the top - this is not to say PETA is not often over the top in their own way - but bringing in the Nazis and the Holocaust is ridiculous!

On the contrary. Using the *meat industry* is not a reliable source, and is the one equivalent to the Nazis in the holocaust. Asking PETA about factory farming is somewhat like asking Jewish organizations about the holocaust. They represent the victims. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.182.33.5 (talk) 12:25, 29 December 2014 (UTC)

 * laugh* The first comment specified "Neo-Nazi" and as such, it's actually the better analogy. . — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.124.116.101 (talk) 16:22, 26 September 2018 (UTC)

Proposal to split article
I propose that this article be split into an article on "veal(meat)" and an article on "veal calves". The first article will focus on varieties of commercially available meat, meat cuts and the properties of this meat relative to other meats, and what culinary uses they are put to. The article on veal calves will focus on the lives of the animals that provide the veal. Most of this article actually deals with the veal calves and conditions in which they are raised. The best approach would be to rename this article veal calves and remove references to veal meat, such as types of meat and their culinary uses to a new article called veal(meat). In addition, this will allow for the removal of terms such as production of meat when talking about the raising of animals. Such industry terms suggest that meat is produced in a factory as opposed to the reality that meat comes from the slaughter of sentient living animals; meat and calves are not synonymous. Meat production starts with the slaughter of an animal rather than with the raising of an animal. The slaughter and cutup of a calf is thus technically a part of veal(meat). At least one other Wikipedia (Nederlands) has a split article (Kalfsvlees and Vleeskalf) for this currently single page. The veal calves article will also allow a focus on the veal calves away from the page of calves or calf (general) in justness to the large role they play in our society.If there is no opposition to this split I will proceed with split. It will also remove the ambiguity between calf(leg) and calf(cattle)Whatever2009 (talk) 03:33, 3 November 2014 (UTC)

I propose the opposite. You cannot separate the veal(meat) from where it came from - the calves. One should be aware of the controversies in raising calves in factory farming, before deciding to consume it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.182.33.5 (talk) 12:27, 29 December 2014 (UTC)

There is no European ban on veal, and there never was.
How can anybody read from those two sources that veal is banned in the EU since 2007?

In June 2007 the only thing that happened was that it was declared, by law, what is allowed to be called veal, and what is not.

Below 8 Months of Age is Veal, between 8 till 12 its "Young Bull".

There is no law for a ban on it. Or at least none i could find. If you say there is one, please provide a source that states so! The two sources didn't talk anything about a European wide ban.

One Source, which i won't even say is reliable, talks about their own stuff, and that it will be illegal in 2007. So the article is older than the planned law itself. Thats not a source for a law that doesn't exist in this way.

The second one is an article from 1995..... do i need to say more? --95.88.224.174 (talk) 00:30, 30 December 2014 (UTC)

EU veal crate ban: dates
It looks like the relevant legislation is Council Directive 2008/119/EC which was enacted on 18 December 2008 and came into force on 4 February 2009. Confusingly, Eur-Lex says "since 1st January 2007" without really explaining what this means or where the date comes from - perhaps someone more familiar with Eur-Lex can enlighten us. It also contains provisions that apparently have retroactive effect, specifically Article 3 (imposing requirements on calf housing from 1998) and Article 6 (requiring the Commission to submit a report by 2006). I was under the impression that retroactive law was not allowed in the EU - is this directive just an amendment to an amended version of previously existing law? It does repeal an earlier directive, 91/629/EEC from 1991, which imposes less stringent requirements and prohibits non-conforming housing from being used after 31 December 2007, a full year later than the ban date of January 2007 stated in this article. Hairy Dude (talk) 13:04, 19 April 2016 (UTC)

 * Bloody EU legislation - it's always so complicated. When it gets like this, I tend to go to reputable news papers on the basis that "verifiability trumps the truth" on WP.  Not a newspaper, but I have found this "Although the veal crate was banned across the EU in January 2007,"  DrChrissy (talk) 16:05, 19 April 2016 (UTC)

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Controversial sections taking over the article?
While I see that there has been a cuisine section added, the sections regarding the controversial nature of veal remain the majority of the article. This seems excessive, and seems likely to have been driven by people pushing an agenda. The controversies surrounding veal production are a valid part of the article, but when they start taking the article as a whole over, overshadow any other aspect of the topic, and become the majority of the article, that's excessive. It would be comparable to editing the article on George Washington so that 75% of the article discussed the fact that he owned slaves, overshadowing his military career, time as POTUS, etc., or if the article on Kevin Spacey were edited to consist of mostly the topic of the accusations of sexual assault that have been levied against him, leaving his acting career as something of an afterthought.

Wikipedia is not a cookbook, but neither should it be a place to litigate fashionable debates. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.184.151.247 (talk) 15:58, 7 February 2019 (UTC)

The article does seem to be weighted down with discussion on contemporary controversy. It seems to me that there is considerable historical material neglected in the article currently. Drsruli (talk) 04:02, 12 July 2022 (UTC)

Cost
The lead paragraph mentions that veal is more expensive, but this is not touched on in the article. WHY should veal be more expensive(, since it sounds like it ought to be much cheaper to produce)? (The animal is raised to slaughter in a much shorter period of time.) Drsruli (talk) 04:01, 12 July 2022 (UTC)

US Focused?
In the past I have seen some articles or sections have a flag about being US-focused as a way to promote (I think) people adding information from other places. I noticed the section on animal welfare was very heavily about North America and wondered if this would be a useful addition? (Afraid I can’t expand the section myself as I was here looking for the information and don’t have time to research it.

If someone with the know-how of adding that flag agrees, I think it would be useful to add, please. TroyOlympicCollateral (talk) 13:02, 11 April 2023 (UTC)

 * You are correct. The America (and some Europe/Canada) focus is especially noticeable, I did not expect to see so much details about specific countries.
 * Sort of a tangent, I also noticed the source vealfarm.com (a site which states it is funded by the beef industry, lol) for unusually absolute statements like "Milk-fed veal calves are never tethered, allowing them to easily groom themselves." gives off the vibe that the US veal industry has had a hand in this article to make veal sound better which might be related to the excessive US focus. Pythagimedes (talk) 01:41, 24 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Veal


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Archive debates

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