text:
User talk:Redwolf24

Awesome.
 * Eh. Awesome as in you are going to be more active? Knowledge Of Self | talk  04:04, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Awesome as in there was like 90 messages after I was dead and gone talking about images from an era where we weren't so paranoid. Redwolf24  (talk) 04:09, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Yeah I saw em thanks to that handy watchlist. Well if you're not going to be active again, it's still cool to see you drop by. Knowledge Of Self | talk  04:12, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
 * :D Redwolf24  (talk) 04:13, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

Somebody on Wikipedia likes short shorts, per the corollary to my first law. Tito xd (?!? - cool stuff) 04:26, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
 * No one in the site has ever had a problem with vandals. The problems are trolls (though if you don't take things too seriously you should be okay), POV warriors, but most of all how much people seem to dislike eachother here. Like actually dedicated users really dislike eachother a lot. It's kinda sad. Redwolf24  (talk) 04:51, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Meh true, true, but hey I like Tito, and hey I like RedWolf24 too, all is not lost, just most of it. :p Knowledge Of Self | talk  04:55, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Welcome back This is a Secret account 04:59, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

Welcome back. As usual, I'll be watching you. Ceiling Cat 05:02, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

Bowser, both you and Linuxbeak disappear then reappear at the same time. Odd! --Jeffrey O. Gustafson - Shazaam! - <*> 05:03, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Welcome back!  Daniel  05:14, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Good to see you again. Prodego  talk  03:44, 29 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Just popping in occasionally. Redwolf24  (talk) 03:46, 29 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Welcome back, son. Ceiling Cat will be watching you. Feel free to stop in on IRC. Raul654 (talk) 03:49, 29 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I will sometime. Also I just edited your laws page. :D Redwolf24  (talk) 03:49, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

Dispute on FGC
Hi. I am having a dispute with a user on FGC. I noticed your previous contribution and hoped you might provide some third-party commentary on a dispute at Blackworm’s objections. Your opinion would be greatly appreciated. Thank You. Phyesalis (talk) 01:39, 30 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm not really active at this point. Try the WP:MC. Redwolf24  (talk) 23:23, 30 November 2007 (UTC)
 * No problem, thanks for the suggestion! Phyesalis 02:29, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:DBBOTD.jpg
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If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 06:56, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:DLV.jpg
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Disputed fair use rationale for Image:DYDY.jpg
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Happy First Edit Day
-- S M S  Talk 20:19, 20 April 2008 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:Alexwebb.jpg
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Possibly unfree Image:JimbotheFonz.jpg
An image that you uploaded or altered, Image:JimbotheFonz.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree images because its copyright status is unclear or disputed. If the image's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the image description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you.  Asenine   18:19, 24 July 2008 (UTC) --  Asenine   18:19, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

RE: PS3
Thanks for the support :) phøenixMøurning ( talk/contribs ) 03:36, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

Invitation to Meetup/Seattle6, a focus group
Hello. I'm part of a research group at the University of Washington (Seattle campus), and my group is reaching out to Wikipedians in the Puget Sound area. We're hosting a focus group designed to gather information on what Wikipedians would like to know about each other when interacting on Wikipedia. Our end goal is to create an embedded application that helps people quickly know more about others' history and activity on Wikipedia, and we feel our design will be much more useful if it's based on insights of users like you.

I'm hoping that the chance to help out local researchers, to engage in lively face-to-face discussion with other Seattle Wikipedians, and to contribute to Wikipedia in a new way will entice you to join us. The session lasts 2 hours and snacks are provided. Sessions will be held on UW Seattle campus - directions will be sent after registration. Your contribution will be greatly appreciated!

Willing and able to help us out? RSVP here. Want to know more? Visit our user talk page. Please help us contact other local Wikipedians, too! Commprac01 (talk) 01:29, 16 March 2009 (UTC)

Happy birthday
Have a great birthday, Redwolf24! Good health, and good luck! — what a crazy random happenstance 08:05, 29 September 2009 (UTC)

re Barnstar
So I was glancing through my userpage and I saw a barnstar you left for me many moons ago.

"I, Redwolf24 hereby award you this barnstar for several reasons: You have over 8000 edits, you're funny, any wikipedian who's been around for more than a week should recognize you, I haven't seen you being uncivil, and you are all around a great user."

Is that true? Would any wikipedian recognize me? :P I always thought I flew a bit under the radar, my two runs for office notwithstanding. Anyway, I probably thanked you before, but belated thanks again. --Golbez (talk) 22:16, 10 November 2009 (UTC)

Ping

 * →  see also: Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Tang Dynasty

I have sent you an e-mail. --Tenmei (talk) 16:48, 3 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your time and consideration. As a gesture of appreciation, may I share a rhetorical question from the Analects of Confucius: "Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application?" --Tenmei (talk) 00:13, 19 January 2010 (UTC)

Mentorship
The Revision History of Mentorship records your participation the article's development; and for this reason, I am reaching out to you.

Please consider reviewing my edit at Wikipedia:Mentorship#Unintended consequences. In the search for a mentor deemed acceptable by ArbCom, I plan to cite this as a useful context for discussing what I have in mind. --Tenmei (talk) 21:14, 14 December 2009 (UTC)

Happy Birthday (2010)
'''Wishing User: a very happy birthday on behalf of the Birthday Committee! Armbrust Talk  Contribs  22:34, 29 September 2010 (UTC)

Notification of pending suspension of administrative permissions due to inactivity
Following a community discussion in June 2011, consensus was reached to provisionally suspend the administrative permissions of users who have been inactive for one year (i.e. administrators who have not made any edits or logged actions in over one year). As a result of this discussion, your administrative permissions will be removed pending your return if you do not return to activity within the next month. If you wish to have these permissions reinstated should this occur, please post to the Bureaucrats' noticeboard and the userright will be restored per the re-sysopping process (i.e., as long as the attending bureaucrats are reasonably satisfied that your account has not been compromised and that your inactivity did not have the effect of evading scrutiny of any actions which might have led to sanctions). This removal of access is procedural only, and not intended to reflect negatively upon you in any way. We wish you the best in future endeavors, and thank you for your past administrative efforts.

Delivered by MessageDeliveryBot on behalf of Xeno (talk) at 12:40, 1 November 2011 (UTC).

 * Hello, I am here. Redwolf24  (talk) 04:03, 3 November 2011 (UTC)

Since we last spoke.
We have both had birthdays :( O h  m y  g o s h ,  i t ' s  a  S  N  A  I  S  Y  ! W h a t ' s  a  S n a i s y ?  —Preceding undated comment added 23:11, 9 December 2011 (UTC).

Hi
You are missed. --Zaiger (talk) 22:05, 14 February 2012 (UTC)

Articles for deletion/Suri Cruise (2nd nomination)
Hello. You previously voted in the 2006 AfD for Suri Cruise. At the time, Suri was less than 10 days old, and the ultimate verdict was to turn the article into a redirect to her mother's page.

Since then, Suri has become much more notable in her own right as a toddler fashion icon, with over 13 million hits on google image search. After getting an administrator to lift the protection on the redirect, I recently restored the article as a stub, but an editor who believes that "6 year olds are not inherently notable" has again requested deletion.

If it's not too much trouble, I'd appreciate your making your opinion known at Articles for deletion/Suri Cruise (2nd nomination) Warren Dew (talk) 07:38, 26 February 2012 (UTC)

File:BrianDennehySP.jpg listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:BrianDennehySP.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. —Justin ( koavf ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 21:06, 28 June 2012 (UTC)

I have added you to Missing Wikipedians
Just to let you know (I am supposed to - this is what it says). Ottawahitech (talk) 23:49, 20 August 2012 (UTC)

Deeker.com
Now redirects to a diaper superstore. Lolled me out hard. Miss u O h  m y  g o s h ,  i t ' s  a  S  N  A  I  S  Y  ! W h a t ' s  a  S n a i s y ?  —Preceding undated comment added 20:17, 31 August 2012 (UTC)

The Olive Branch: A Dispute Resolution Newsletter (Issue #1)
Welcome to the first edition of The Olive Branch. This will be a place to semi-regularly update editors active in dispute resolution (DR) about some of the most important issues, advances, and challenges in the area. You were delivered this update because you are active in DR, but if you would prefer not to receive any future mailing, just add your name to this page. In this issue: Read the entire first edition of The Olive Branch -->
 * Background: A brief overview of the DR ecosystem.
 * Research: The most recent DR data
 * Survey results: Highlights from Steven Zhang's April 2012 survey
 * Activity analysis: Where DR happened, broken down by the top DR forums
 * DR Noticeboard comparison: How the newest DR forum has progressed between May and August
 * Discussion update: Checking up on the Wikiquette Assistance close debate
 * Proposal: It's time to close the Geopolitical, ethnic, and religious conflicts noticeboard. Agree or disagree?

--The Olive Branch 19:25, 4 September 2012 (UTC)

Notification of pending suspension of administrative permissions due to inactivity
Following a community discussion in June 2011, consensus was reached to provisionally suspend the administrative permissions of users who have been inactive for one year (i.e. administrators who have not made any edits or logged actions in over one year). As a result of this discussion, your administrative permissions will be removed pending your return if you do not return to activity within the next month. If you wish to have these permissions reinstated should this occur, please post to the Bureaucrats' noticeboard and the userright will be restored per the re-sysopping process (i.e. as long as the attending bureaucrats are reasonably satisfied that your account has not been compromised and that your inactivity did not have the effect of evading scrutiny of any actions which might have led to sanctions). This removal of access is procedural only, and not intended to reflect negatively upon you in any way. We wish you the best in future endeavors, and thank you for your past administrative efforts. Regards, — Moe   Epsilon  00:05, 2 December 2012 (UTC)

Notification of imminent suspension of administrative permissions due to inactivity
Following a community discussion in June 2011, consensus was reached to provisionally suspend the administrative permissions of users who have been inactive for one year (i.e. administrators who have not made any edits or logged actions in over one year). As a result of this discussion, your administrative permissions will be removed pending your return if you do not return to activity within the next several days. If you wish to have these permissions reinstated should this occur, please post to the Bureaucrats' noticeboard and the userright will be restored per the re-sysopping process (i.e., as long as the attending bureaucrats are reasonably satisfied that your account has not been compromised and that your inactivity did not have the effect of evading scrutiny of any actions which might have led to sanctions). This removal of access is procedural only, and not intended to reflect negatively upon you in any way. We wish you the best in future endeavors, and thank you for your past administrative efforts. MadmanBot (talk) 20:58, 25 December 2012 (UTC)

Notification of pending suspension of administrative permissions due to inactivity
Following a community discussion in June 2011, consensus was reached to provisionally suspend the administrative permissions of users who have been inactive for one year (i.e. administrators who have not made any edits or logged actions in over one year). As a result of this discussion, your administrative permissions will be removed pending your return if you do not return to activity within the next month. If you wish to have these permissions reinstated should this occur, please post to the Bureaucrats' noticeboard and the userright will be restored per the re-sysopping process (i.e. as long as the attending bureaucrats are reasonably satisfied that your account has not been compromised, that your inactivity did not have the effect of evading scrutiny of any actions which might have led to sanctions, and that you have not been inactive for a three year period of time). If you remain inactive for a three year period of time, including the present year you have been inactive, you will need to request reinstatement at WP:RFA. This removal of access is procedural only, and not intended to reflect negatively upon you in any way. We wish you the best in future endeavors, and thank you for your past administrative efforts.  MBisanz  talk 05:16, 31 December 2012 (UTC)

Suspension of administrative permissions due to inactivity
Following a community discussion in June 2011, consensus was reached to provisionally suspend the administrative permissions of users who have been inactive for one year (i.e. administrators who have not made any edits or logged actions in over one year). As a result of this discussion, your administrative permissions have been removed pending your return. If you wish to have these permissions reinstated, please post to the Bureaucrats' noticeboard and the userright will be restored per the re-sysopping process (i.e. as long as the attending bureaucrats are reasonably satisfied that your account has not been compromised, that your inactivity did not have the effect of evading scrutiny of any actions which might have led to sanctions, and that you have not been inactive for a three year period of time). If you remain inactive for a three year period of time, including the present year you have been inactive, you will need to request reinstatement at WP:RFA. This removal of access is procedural only, and not intended to reflect negatively upon you in any way. We wish you the best in future endeavors, and thank you for your past administrative efforts. Regards, — Moe   Epsilon  02:31, 2 January 2013 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Fistful.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Fistful.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Stefan2 (talk) 22:04, 26 January 2015 (UTC)

MfD nomination of Pages for deletion/Undelete
Pages for deletion/Undelete, a page you substantially contributed to, has been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikipedia:Pages for deletion/Undelete and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Pages for deletion/Undelete during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such a removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. עוד מישהו Od Mishehu 03:34, 31 May 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:01, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

MfD nomination of User:Jimbo Wales/WikiProject Wikipedians for Jimbo's beard
User:Jimbo Wales/WikiProject Wikipedians for Jimbo's beard, a page which you created or substantially contributed to, has been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; you may participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:Jimbo Wales/WikiProject Wikipedians for Jimbo's beard and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of User:Jimbo Wales/WikiProject Wikipedians for Jimbo's beard during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such a removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Liz Read! Talk! 22:47, 6 March 2016 (UTC)

A kitten for you!
A kitten for you.

Travis9999999 (talk) 20:07, 15 June 2017 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:JHopkinson.jpg

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"H@x0r" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect H@x0r. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 August 24 until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. Hog Farm Bacon 18:20, 24 August 2020 (UTC)

Prophet Exchange?
Hi,

I was watching VSiN today. I saw Joe Peta, someone who's professional life I follow closely, mention Prophet Exchange. I want to create them a Wikipedia page as none exists. I was told to contact you since you deleted a prior attempt.

Best, Alex — Preceding unsigned comment added by Anickel25 (talk • contribs) 01:34, 3 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Hello Alex, Redwolf24 has not edited since November 3, 2011, so I do not think they will be able to reply to you. IMiss2010 (talk) 15:25, 2 May 2022 (UTC)

A goat for you!
Nice job on Thorogood's article.

editing blues articles to help anyday (talk) 16:57, 12 May 2022 (UTC)

 * It appears they will never see this, damn. editing blues articles to help anyday (talk) 16:59, 12 May 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Redwolf24


text: User talk:24.164.196.215

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:24.164.196.215


text:
User talk:Anchorite

Welcome!

Schönborn, but not Wiesentheid
I've changed the Cardinal's surname back to the way it was before. "The descendants of Franz Philipp Joseph (1768-1841) bear the title Graf/Gräfin von Schönborn-Buchheim. The descendants of Franz Erwein Damian (1776-1840) bear the title Graf/Gräfin von Schönborn-Wiesentheid (Illustrious Highness). The descendants of Friedrich Karl Joseph (1784-1862) bear the title Graf/Gräfin von Schönborn." . The Cardinal belongs to the latter class. - Nunh-huh 04:11, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Good point. Thanks. Anchorite 05:08, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)

Raymond Leo Burke
Hi there, I was wondering if you could provide a source for your recent edit to the Raymond Leo Burke article. It would be very helpful. Thanks. — Mi ra  03:43, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

Sure, here it is -. I am sorry I was called off the computer and had no chance to finish it. Anchorite 13:29, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

St. John Cantius
Many thanks for the photo of St. John Cantius in Chicago Dziakuju!--Orestek 05:06, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Anchorite! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is an  Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. Please note that all biographies of living persons must be sourced. If you were to add reliable, secondary sources to this article, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 20:05, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Pavel Kastusik -

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:01, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Anchorite


text:
Barry Truax

Barry Truax (born 1947) is a Canadian composer who specializes in real-time implementations of granular synthesis, often of sampled sounds, and soundscapes.

He is credited with developing the first ever implementation of real-time granular synthesis in 1986, with being the first composer to explore the range between synchronic and asynchronic granular synthesis in Riverrun (1986), and being the first to use a sample as the source of a granular composition in Wings of Nike (1987).

Truax is Professor Emeritus of Simon Fraser University, where he taught both electroacoustic music and acoustic communication. He was one of the original members of the World Soundscape Project.

Selected compositions

 * The Blind Man (1979)
 * Riverrun (1986, Wergo WER 2017–50)
 * Wings of Nike (1987, Cambridge Street Records CSR CD-9401 and Perspectives of New Music CD PNM 28)
 * Tongues of Angels (1988, Centrediscs CMC CD-4793)
 * Beauty and the Beast (1989, Cambridge Street Records CSR-CD 9601)
 * Pacific (1990, Cambridge Street Records CSR CD-9101)
 * Pacific Fanfare (1996)
 * Wings of Fire for female cellist and two digital soundtracks including the Joy Kirstin poem "Wings of Fire" read by Ellie Epp (1996)
 * Androgyne, Mon Amour for amplified male double bass player and two digital soundtracks including text from Tennessee Williams' 1977 book of the same title read by Douglas Huffman (1997)

title: Barry Truax


text:
Trinity North

Trinity North was a provincial electoral district for the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. As of 2011, there were 8,278 eligible voters living within the district.

The riding was abolished in 2015 into Terra Nova and Bonavista.

When it was abolished, the riding included many of the communities on the north side of Trinity Bay. Clarenville was the major service centre. While the fishery has been depleted, tourism in the Trinity area has been growing steadily.

Includes the communities of Adeytown, Aspey Brook, Brittania, Burgoynes Cove, Butter Cove, Caplin Cove, Champney's East, Champney's West, Clarenville, Clifton, Deep Bight, Dunfield, Elliott's Cove, English Harbour, George's Brook, Gin Cove, Goose Cove, Gooseberry Cove, Harcourt, Hatchet Cove, Hickman's Harbour, Hillview, Hodge's Cove, Ivany's Cove, Lady Cove, Little Heart's Ease, Lockston, Long Beach, Lower Lance Cove, Monroe, Milton, Old Bonaventure, New Bonaventure, Petley, Queen's Cove, Port Rexton, Random Heights, Robinson's Bight, St. Jones Within, Shoal Harbour, Snook's Harbour, Southport, Thorburn Lake, Trinity, Trinity East, Trouty, Waterville, Weybridge.

Members of the House of Assembly
The district has elected the following members of the House of Assembly:

Election results

 * NDP
 * Vanessa Wiseman
 * align="right"|1,247
 * align="right"|25.97
 * align="right"|

 * }

 * NDP
 * Janet Stringer
 * align="right"|247
 * align="right"|5.15
 * align="right"|
 * }

 * NDP
 * Howard W. Duffett
 * align="right"|340
 * align="right"|5.56
 * align="right"|
 * }

 * NDP
 * Perry Feltham
 * align="right"|398
 * align="right"|7.21
 * align="right"|
 * }

 * NDP
 * Dan Corbett
 * align="right"|714
 * align="right"|12.1
 * align="right"|
 * }

title: Trinity North


text:
St. Barbe (electoral district)

St. Barbe is a defunct provincial electoral district for the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. As of 2011, there were 7,064 eligible voters living within the district. The district was abolished in 2015 and replaced by St. Barbe-L'Anse aux Meadows.

An area along the west coast of the Great Northern Peninsula, the district has significant economic disparity among various communities. While most of the towns with Gros Morne National Park, and the Town of Port Saunders, which is a government service centre have fared very well economically, other towns such as Bird Cove have lost more than 50% of their population since the 1992 cod moratorium.

The tourist season runs from late May until late October. While the principal tourism driver is Gros Morne National Park, the season continues into late October as this is a popular big game hunting destination for primarily US hunters. Up to a dozen big game outfitters operate from the area employing hundreds of guides, cooks and others. The area has fish processing plants in Woody Point, Rocky Harbour, Cow Head, River of Ponds, Port au Choix, New Ferrole and Black Duck Cove. Various species including shrimp, turbot and crab are processed locally, while many other species such as lobster, herring, mackerel and halibut are shipped out with little to no processing done.

It included the communities of St. Barbe, Bartlett's Harbour, Bellburns, Bird Cove, Black Duck Cove, Blue Cove, Brig Bay, Castor River North, Castor River South, Cow Head, Daniel's Harbour, Eddie's Cove West, Forrester’s Point, Glenburnie-Birchy Head-Shoal Brook, Hawke's Bay, New Ferrole, Norris Point, Parsons Pond, Pigeon Cove, Plum Point, Pond Cove, Port aux Choix, Port Saunders, Portland Creek, Reef's Harbour, River of Ponds, Rocky Harbour St. Pauls, Sally's Cove, Shoal Cove West, Three Mile Rock, Trout River, Wiltondale, Woody Point.

Election results

 * NDP
 * Diane Ryan
 * align="right"|437
 * align="right"|10.84%
 * align="right"|
 * }

 * NDP
 * B. Gary Noel
 * align="right"|196
 * align="right"|4.62%
 * align="right"|
 * }

 * NDP
 * Holly Patey
 * align="right"|293
 * align="right"|6.08
 * align="right"|
 * }

title: St. Barbe (electoral district)


text:
User:Revolving Bugbear

There used to be a marginally clever joke here about how this page was ambiguous. Then I changed my username (from CheNuevara to Revolving Bugbear), and then it was really ambiguous. So, I'll come up with something else clever to say soon.

Even though you probably came to this page on purpose, you may or may not have been actually looking for any of the following:

 * The Wiki Navbar.
 * My bio.
 * My activities on Wikipedia.
 * What I think about Wikipedia.
 * Conversations

Quote of the Moment:

"Rule number one of webdesign is don't design for a single browser. Can't we find a way to make this work so it works for everyone?" - Jayron32
 * "http://www.firefox.com <-- Makes it work for everyone." dihydrogen monoxide

'Milestones:''

 * First edit: 02:47, 20 April 2005
 * First mainspace edit: 03:07, 20 April 2005 (it was in the mainspace at the time)
 * 100th edit: 01:55, 26 April 2005
 * 1000th edit: 17:07, 28 June 2006
 * Promoted to adminship: 21:13, 27 December 2007
 * Nominated User:Rodhullandemu for adminship: 21:56, 20 January 2008 (successful)
 * 5000th edit: 20:23, 2 March 2008
 * Nominated User:Doug for adminship: 19:14, 13 March 2008 (successful)

title: User:Revolving Bugbear


text:
Talk:Krapfen (doughnut)

spoken part
Please someone redo the spoken part, the accent is terrible. I'm German and this is just ridiculous, I never heard such a terrible accent in my life. Maybe in RtCW, but stuff like that shouldn't be published. --80.131.91.3 12:42, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

This is not even a german accent, I suppose someone found this funny. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.202.20.79 (talk • contribs) 22:40, 12 November 2005

Pączki, Berliner (pastry) and Sufganiyah
there are different entries for Pączki, Berliner (pastry) and Sufganiyah, when all three are exactly the same. Maybe some unification is due, I'll at least add links below. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.84.24.136 (talk • contribs) 11:01, 14 December 2005

Merged content from Bismarck_(doughnut)
I merged in the content from that page. Actually, everything important was here already.

Really, it's just another name, not especially notable and in fact not one I ever heard (and I live in that country). --R. Wolff 18:13, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

And the thing isn't a pastry.

JFK?
Should something be included about JFK saying, "Ich bin ein Berliner?" I would have thought that was noteworthy 66.192.94.185 18:31, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

No, in this caes he was refering himself to be one of the citizen of Berlin, and not the food!

It's a well known running gag though, and perhaps should be included in a trivia section. It even gets mentioned outside of Germany, with people saying things like "Did you know that JFK said that he was a doughnut when he said he was a Berliner?". Personally i have enountered this several times.
 * see for details about this urban legend. I do think, however, we should mention that a famous urban legend circulated that people construed JFK as calling himself a jelly doughnut.  Valley 2 city  15:41, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

?? - I think it is ONLY mentioned outside Germany - every time you hear in the German media about the history of Berlin between 1945 and 1970 or every time you hear in German media about JFK for more than 15 minutes, you will hear about this famous and important speech and this sentence (the original wording was a conjuctive, as far as I know: "I would be proud, if I can say "Ich bin ein Berliner"", or similar) - but in the context in Germany you will really never think about that this sentence is interpreted as "jelly doughnut". More confusing: the citizens of Berlin cannot understand it in this way, because in Berlin this jelly doughnut is called "Pfannkuchen" (pancake), traditionally. (In southern parts of Germany it is called "Krapfen", only in northern parts (without Berlin) it is called "Berliner". I have no quotation to prove this.) Plehn (talk) 17:48, 13 February 2010 (UTC)

Here is the proof: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berliner_Pfannkuchen#Bezeichnungen Plehn (talk) 17:52, 13 February 2010 (UTC)

Manitoba?
What's with the mention of Manitoba? It looks like something was said there and then cut out. Thnidu (talk) 22:46, 12 April 2008 (UTC)
 * This went wrong on January 21, when someone tried to fix an equally weird sentence. De728631 (talk) 21:38, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

Italy
I know its definitely a minor issue but in most of Italy (centre and south) this is caled "bomba" or "bombolone" (Tuscany) and not "krapfen". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.86.169.12 (talk) 15:28, 14 December 2008 (UTC)

Berliner named "Bismark"??
I live for 45 years in Germany and have lived for 17 years in Berlin - but I have never heard that the Berliner or "Pfannkuchen" is called "Bismark" - it should be removed unless there is a good source. Plehn (talk) 14:44, 24 December 2008 (UTC)

"Berliner" is not a "Berliner" in Berlin! It`s just a "Pfannekuchen" - " pan - cake " —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.23.228.215 (talk) 11:19, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

"Berliner" is not a "Berliner" in Berlin! It`s just a "Pfannekuchen" - " pan - cake " —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.23.228.215 (talk) 11:20, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

20 years ago "Bismarcks" were sold at a place called Joe's Bakery in Lawrence, Kansas (USA, not Canada). --ペーター (talk) 14:25, 13 October 2009 (UTC)"
 * FWIW, where I live on the west coast (USA), I grew up hearing the custard-filled ganache-covered variety called "Bismarks", while the jelly-filled varieties we just called "jelly doughnuts". -- H-ko (Talk) 23:17, 15 May 2011 (UTC)

I have lived for 28 years in Ontario, between Ottawa and Toronto, I've travelled extensively and never heard a Bavarian Cream doughnut called a "Bismark" anywhere - this should be removed unless it can be verified at present. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.226.116.156 (talk) 00:44, 25 February 2012 (UTC)

I have lived in Illinois for 56 years as well as Berlin for two years. I had never heard of a jelly doghnut being called a Berliner until I moved to Berlin where they don't call them that. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.183.237.29 (talk) 13:30, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

Bismarck, iced bun, UK
Bismarck (doughnut) redirects to this article. In the [UK] I've come across a few bakeries which sell a large iced bun containing currents and marzipan vaguely reminiscent of a [stollen] under the name "bismarck". If anyone who comes across this post knows anymore about this I would love to know and will add the information to [iced bun].Pete the pitiless (talk) 19:29, 28 January 2010 (UTC)

Kreppel
In Baden-Württemberg (and the southern Hessia), we use Kreppel for a Berliner WITHOUT jelly. We do use "Berliner" for the jelly one. --62.224.215.45 (talk) 18:50, 25 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Maybe in Baden-Württemberg but in Hesse and adjoining regions, it's called a Kreppel regardless of wether it contains jelly. Str1977 (talk) 14:55, 2 October 2020 (UTC)

Traditional Pfannkuchen from Berlin
Added some informations abouth the traditional recipes. My father was a pastry chef and made thousands of them, and for sure not the industrial made crap you can buy today around the year at any place selling food. ReinickendorferFuchs (talk) 09:12, 22 February 2012 (UTC)
 * The original doughnut has no filling with marmelade and no poudersugar, just simple cristallsugar--2A02:908:1571:FF20:5CCF:3FBD:7F52:C5DC (talk) 20:40, 28 October 2022 (UTC)

Cream-Filled Bismarcks
This article states: "In Ontario and the prairie western provinces of Canada, as well as parts of the Midwest and West in the US, such a round jelly- or custard-filled doughnut is commonly called a "bismark" or "bismarck"..." Besides being just horrible English (sounds like it was written by some committee - we need to include x, also y, and maybe z too - typical wikiland garbage), it sort of appears that someone wants jelly donuts to be called bismarcks. Sorry, at least in all places that I've ever lived, bismarcks can only refer to creme filled donuts (if then, generally a creme-filled donut is called a cream-filled donut) - a jelly-filled donut is well a jelly donut. A bismarck it will never be. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.51.66.32 (talk) 02:31, 7 December 2013 (UTC)

JFK again
Should we add the following content in article's "see also" section? "Ich bin ein Berliner, a famous speech by John F. Kennedy"

Or as suggested in previous JFK section, we can add the incident explicitly clarifying it was urban legend outside Germany. All over the world except Germany. — usernamekiran [talk]   11:43, 23 April 2017 (UTC)

Indefinite Articles
In my German classes, I was taught that when stating your national origin, occupations, etc. that using an indefinite article is incorrect. Therefore "Ich bin ein Berliner" is distinctly different from "Ich bin Berliner" because in one you're stating where you're from/who you are and the other you are saying you are an object.
 * Your German classes taught you wrongly. While putting an article in front such a term is uncommon in some parts of Germany (and people from there might derive joy from picking on such "mistakes") it is commoon in other parts. Str1977 (talk) 15:00, 2 October 2020 (UTC)

Unsupported claim
I'm not sure why the article is under a German name for this pastry since it has English names. But beyond that, the claim "'In Anglo-America, the most common term for the jam- or jelly-filled pastry is "jelly doughnut"' is not supported by a reference. Can any-one give a citation (or a counter-citation with an accompanying change in the text)? I never heard this name in the parts of the States I've been in. Kdammers (talk) 04:37, 21 February 2019 (UTC)

 * In the same vein, I've lived in Ontario for 30 of my 40 years and never once heard anyone call a doughnut a "Bismarck". It's referred to as a jelly doughnut, except the Boston Cream, which is custard-filled and glazed with chocolate. To your first point though, should Spaghetti be renamed to or merged with Noodles on that basis? This doughnut style originated in Berlin, thus the name. 2607:FEA8:BFA0:47F:B1A3:9953:ED4:E0FF (talk) 06:21, 25 June 2019 (UTC)
 * There is a difference between a foreign word like baguette or spaghetti that has been incorporated into English and one like Berliner, which has not. Whether 'Spaghetti' should be merged Noodles or Pasta -- as opposed to being renamed -- it depends on the quantity of information.  "Spaghetti" refers to a specific kind of noodle and the dish made there-from, so it obviously should not be renamed ''Noodles. Kdammers (talk) 07:29, 24 April 2020 (UTC)

Title
Since there is disagreement about whether a biskmar(c)k is a donut/doughnut or not, can we change the title (if it has to be 'Berliner,' which is a German word rather than an English one) to include '(pastry),' rather than the contentious '(doughnut)'? When I am in Germany, I speak German and call it a Berliner; when I am in America (Chicagoland), I call it a bismar(c)k and the sales-person knows exactly what I want. Kdammers (talk) 07:24, 24 April 2020 (UTC)

Use English speaking countries
I don't mean to get into and edit war about this as it's only a doughnut, but having modified the statement about Berliner meaning a jam doughnut in English speaking countries I was asked to cite my source. I'm not sure how I'm meant to be able to cite a negative thing (I can find you thousands of references to doughnuts that don't call them berliners but not one that does) I would have thought it's up to the person making the claim about what a berliner is in English speaking countries is, I note that they do not. Like every British native English speaker I know, the first time that I heard of a berliner was the JFK urban legend reference.

I therefore deleted the statement to increase the accuracy, but that was reverted. I therefore have included a citation needed tag as to be clear I have never heard a jam doughnut referred to as a berliner, I'm sure they are somewhere but I feel it's more of an exception than a rule thing. 92.4.251.123 (talk) 14:12, 8 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Krapfen (doughnut)


text:
Sociedade Esportiva do Gama

Sociedade Esportiva do Gama, commonly referred to as Gama, is a Brazilian professional club based in Gama, Distrito Federal founded on 15 November 1975. It competes in the Campeonato Brasiliense, the top flight of the Distrito Federal state football league.

Gama is the second-best-ranked team from the Federal District in CBF's national club ranking, behind bitter rivals Brasiliense.

History
Until the early 1970s, the city of Gama was known only to its amateur teams. This movement has grown more and more the city's desire to have its first professional football club. Founded in 1975 by Hermínio Ferreira Neves, the Sociedade Esporte do Gama was the first professional team in the city. The founder was president of the amateur team Minas Atlético Clube.

Formed initially with players of the most diverse amateur teams of the city, Gama soon gained the support of the local population. They played their first professional game on February 21, 1976. With the support of Mr. Valmir Campelo de Bezerra, regional administrator of the city of Gama and a great admirer of local football, the Gama Administration Stadium was rebuilt and reopened on October 9, 1977.

In 1981, SE Gama achieved its first regional title. The team won the Torneio Centro-Oeste by beating Goiânia 2–1 on aggregate. In 1998, the club won the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B.

In late 2017, Gama confirmed that they would be signing former Brazilian World Cup winner Lúcio from Indian Super League side FC Goa. He joined in January 2018.

Crest
On November 15, 1975, the day of its founding, the Sociedade Esportiva do Gama adopted as its first coat the coat of arms of the Federal District with the letters SEG. The symbol was a pillar of the Alvorada Palace. Intuitively, Mr. Hermínio Ferreira Neves, introduced the symbol in the Palmeiras uniform.

In 1999. the letters on the crest were changed to "GAMA".

Rivalries
The club's main rival is Brasiliense.

Stadium
Gama's stadium is Estádio Walmir Campelo Bezerra (Bezerrão), which has a maximum capacity of 20,310 people. The stadium is named after Antônio Walmir Campelo Bezerra, who was the regional administrator of Gama during the stadium's construction.

National

 * Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
 * Winners (1): 1998

Regional

 * Torneio Centro-Oeste
 * Winners (1): 1981

State

 * Campeonato Brasiliense
 * Winners (13): 1979, 1990, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2015, 2019, 2020

title: Sociedade Esportiva do Gama


text: User talk:131.151.132.121

title: User talk:131.151.132.121


text: User talk:63.204.16.214

title: User talk:63.204.16.214


text:
Taung Child

The Taung Child (or Taung Baby) is the fossilised skull of a young Australopithecus africanus. It was discovered in 1924 by quarrymen working for the Northern Lime Company in Taung, South Africa. Raymond Dart described it as a new species in the journal Nature in 1925.

The Taung skull is in repository at the University of Witwatersrand. Dean Falk, a specialist in brain evolution, has called it "the most important anthropological fossil of the twentieth century."

Background
In the early 20th century, the workers at limestone quarries in Southern Africa routinely uncovered fossils from the tufa formations that they mined. The tufa did not form consistently, and over time cavities were left open and they became beneficial areas for animals to take shelter in. As a result, many bones began to build up in these areas. These areas were mostly sandstone, and they stood in the way of successful mining. So, miners would use explosives to clear these areas, and discard all the debris. However, many fossils began to show up, and these were saved by many of the miners. Many were of extinct fauna, which included baboons and other primates, and the more complete or somehow more interesting fossils were kept as curiosities by the Europeans who managed operations.

Discovery
In 1924, workers at the Buxton Limeworks, near Taung, showed a fossilized primate skull to Edwin Gilbert Izod, the visiting director of the Northern Lime Company, the managing company of the quarry. The director gave it to his son, Pat Izod, who displayed it on the mantle over the fireplace. When Josephine Salmons, a friend of the Izod family, paid a visit to Pat's home, she noticed the primate skull, identified it as from an extinct monkey and realised its possible significance to her mentor, Raymond Dart.

Salmons was the first female student of Dart, an anatomist at the University of Witwatersrand. Salmons was permitted to take the fossilized skull and presented it to Dart, who also recognized it as a significant find. Dart asked the company to send any more interesting fossilized skulls that were unearthed. When a consulting geologist, Robert Young, paid a visit to the quarry office, the director, A. E. Speirs, presented him with a collection of fossilised primate skulls that had been gathered by a miner, Mr. De Bruyn. A. E. Speirs was using a particular fossil as a paperweight, and Young asked him for this as well. Young sent some of the skulls back to Dart. When Dart examined the contents of the crate, he found a fossilized endocast of a skull showing the impression of a complex brain. He quickly searched through the rest of the fossils in the crates, and matched it to a fossilized skull of a juvenile primate, which had a shallow face and fairly small teeth.

Only forty days after he first saw the fossil, Dart completed a paper that named the species of Australopithecus africanus, the "southern ape from Africa", and described it as "an extinct race of apes intermediate between living anthropoids and man". The paper appeared in the 7 February 1925 issue of the journal Nature. The fossil was soon nicknamed the Taung Child.

Reception
Scientists were initially reluctant to accept that the Taung Child and the new genus Australopithecus were ancestral to modern humans. In the issue of Nature immediately following the one in which Dart's paper was published, several authorities in British paleoanthropology criticized Dart's conclusion. Three of the four scholars were members of the Piltdown Man committee: Sir Arthur Keith, Grafton Elliot Smith, and Sir Arthur Smith Woodward. They were much more skeptical about this fossil's place in evolutionary history, and believed it deserved to be categorized as a chimp or gorilla rather than a human ancestor. However, Dart still had the hesitant support of W.L.H. Duckworth, but he still asked for more information on the brain to support this claim.

Dart's former mentor, Keith, one of the most prominent anatomists of his time, claimed that there was insufficient evidence to accept Dart's claim that Australopithecus was transitional between apes and humans. Grafton Elliot Smith stated that he needed more evidence and a larger picture of the skull before he could judge the significance of the new fossil. Arthur Smith Woodward dismissed the Taung Child as having "little bearing" on the issue of "whether the direct ancestors of man are to be sought in Asia or Africa".

The critiques became more fervent a few months later. Elliot Smith concluded that the Taung fossil was "essentially identical" to the skull of "the infant gorilla and chimpanzee". Infant apes appear more human like because of the "shape of their forehead and the lack of fully developed brow ridges". Addressing the claim that the fossil was "the missing link between ape and human", Keith stated in a letter to Nature that

"an examination of the casts... will satisfy geologists that this claim is preposterous. The skull is that of a young anthropoid ape... and showing so many points of affinity with the two living African anthropoids, the gorilla and chimpanzee, that there cannot be a moment's hesitation in placing the fossil form in this living group."

In 1926, a year after the publication of Dart's article, Aleš Hrdlička reviewed and approved German and Portuguese articles for the American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Both articles asserted that the Taung Child should not be placed within the human phylum due to a lack of justification for the classification. The next year, Hrdlička personally commented on another of Dart's articles, this time in Natural History, saying that the author "very ingeniously, but, it seems obvious, more or less artificially, endeavors to humanize the 'Australopithecus'. It is not known that this effort thus far has found favor with any other student who gave truly earnest and critical attention to the otherwise very interesting and important Taung relic."

Reasons for dissent
There were several reasons that it took decades for the field to accept Dart's claim that Australopithecus africanus was in the human line of descent. First and foremost was the fact that the British scientific establishment had been fooled by the hoax of the Piltdown Man, which had a large brain and ape-like teeth. Expecting human ancestors to have evolved a large brain very early, they found that the Taung Child's small brain and human-like teeth made it an unlikely ancestor to modern humans.

Secondly, until the 1940s, most anthropologists believed that humans had evolved in Asia, not in Africa.

A third reason is that, despite accepting that modern humans had emerged by evolution, many anthropologists believed that the genus Homo had split from the great apes as long as 30 million years ago and so felt uneasy about accepting that humans had a small-brained, ape-like ancestor, like Australopithecus africanus, only two million years ago.

Lastly, many people disputed the role of this fossil because of their religious affiliation. When Taung was first announced in February 1925, many anti-evolutionists began to rise up in protest of this fossil. Dart began receiving many threats from members of various religious communities that proclaimed his ideas blasphemous. Some were able to reconcile the science with the religious theology through the lens of "creation science", but there was still significant opposition. However, by this time, many other fossils such as Java Man, Neanderthal Man, and Rhodesian Man were being discovered, and the theory of evolution was becoming more difficult to refute.

Solly Zuckerman, who had studied anatomy under Dart in South Africa, concluded as early as 1928 that Australopithecus was little more than an ape. He and a four-member team carried out further studies of the Australopithecine family in the 1940s and 1950s. Using a "metrical and statistical approach" that he thought was superior to purely descriptive methods, he decided that the creatures had not walked on two legs and so were not an intermediate form between humans and apes. For the rest of his life, Zuckerman continued to deny that Australopithecus was part of the human family tree, even when that was the conclusion that had become "universally accepted" by scientists.

Acceptance
Dart's claim that Australopithecus africanus, the species name that he had given to the Taung Child, was a transitional form between apes and humans was almost universally rejected. Robert Broom, a Scottish doctor who worked in South Africa, was one of the few scientists to believe Dart. Two weeks after Dart announced the discovery of the Taung Child in Nature, Broom visited Dart in Johannesburg to see the fossil. After he became a paleontologist in 1933, Broom found adult fossils of Australopithecus africanus and discovered more robust fossils, which were eventually renamed Australopithecus robustus (AKA Paranthropus robustus). Even after Dart chose to take a break from his work in anthropology, Broom undertook more excavations, and slowly began to find more Australopithecus africanus specimens that proved Dart was correct in his analysis of the Taung Child; it did have human-like morphology. In 1946, Broom and his colleague Gerrit Schepers published a volume consolidating all the information they had found about Australopithecus africanus in a volume titled The South African Fossil Men: The Australopithecinae.

In the late 1920s, American paleontologist William King Gregory also accepted that Australopithecus was part of the human family tree. Employed by the American Museum of Natural History in New York, Gregory supported Charles Darwin and Thomas Henry Huxley's then-unpopular view that humans were closely related to African apes. The director of the museum, however, was Henry Fairfield Osborn; despite being "the chief public defender of evolution in the United States" at the time of the Scopes Trial in 1925, he disagreed with Darwin's views on the origins of humanity. Gregory and Osborn repeatedly debated the issue in public forums, but Osborn's view that humans had evolved from early ancestors who did not look like apes prevailed among American anthropologists in the 1930s and 1940s. In 1938, Gregory visited South Africa and saw the Taung Child and the fossils that Broom had recently discovered. More convinced than ever that Dart and Broom were right, he called Australopithecus africanus "the missing link no longer missing".

The turning point in the acceptance of Dart's analysis of the Taung Child came in 1947, when the prominent British anthropologist Wilfrid Le Gros Clark announced that he supported it. Le Gros Clark, who would also play an important role in exposing the fraud of the Piltdown Man in 1953, visited Johannesburg in late 1946 to study Dart's Taung skull and Broom's adult fossils, with the intention of proving that they were only apes. After two weeks of studies and visiting the caves in which Broom had found his fossils (the Taung cave had been destroyed by miners soon after the discovery of the Taung skull), however, Clark became convinced that these fossils were hominids rather than pongids.

In 1947, Keith published in Nature, announcing his support of Dart and Broom's research. He stated "the evidence submitted by Dr. Robert Broom and Professor Dart was right and I was wrong", agreeing that with the new evidence along with the Taung fossil indicated that this fossil was human-like in posture, dental elements, and its bipedal walk.

In early January 1947, at the First Pan-African Congress on Prehistory, Le Gros Clark was the first anthropologist of such stature to call the Taung Child a "hominid": an early human. An anonymous article, published in Nature on 15 February 1947, announced Clark's conclusions to a wider public. On that day, Keith, who had been one of Dart's most virulent critics, composed a letter to the editor of Nature announcing that he supported Clark's analysis: "I was one of those who took the point of view that when the adult form [of Australopithecus] was discovered it would prove to be near akin to the living African anthropoids—the gorilla and the chimpanzee. I am now convinced... that Prof. Dart was right and that I was wrong. The Australopithecinae are in or near the line which culminated in the human form". As Roger Lewin put it in his book Bones of Contention, "a prompter and more thorough capitulation could hardly be imagined".

Identification
Dart drew conclusions that were unavoidably controversial due to the lack of more fossil evidence at the time. The idea that the skull belonged to a new genus was identified by comparison with skulls of chimpanzees. Its skull was larger than a fully-grown chimpanzee's. The forehead of the chimpanzee receded to form a heavy browridge and a jutting jaw; the Taung Child's forehead recedes but leaves no browridge. Its foramen magnum, a void in the cranium, where the spinal cord is continuous with the brain, is beneath the cranium so the creature must have stood upright. This is an indication of bipedal locomotion.

Dean Falk, a specialist in neuroanatomy, noted that Dart had not fully considered certain apelike attributes for Taung.

"In his 1925 article, Dart had claimed that the brain of Taung was humanlike. As it turned out, he was wrong about that.... Taung's humanlike features were overemphasized."

This mainly pertains to the lunate sulcas, which Dart had described as having human-like placement, Upon further examination however, Falk determined that these patterns were much more similar to that of an ape's similar sized brain. This however was of great debate, as the sulcas was not incredibly visible on the endocast, as it often is not in apes. Ralph Holloway stood in opposition of this idea, as he had long been known as a supporter of Dart's analysis of Taung. He believed that the sulcus would be in the area of the lambdoid structure. Falk however, believed the sulcas was placed higher on the skull, in a more ape-like manner. However, studies surrounding this have been controversial, as there is no concrete place on the brain where they can place these features. Paleoneurologists have been tasked with looking at various depressions in the brain and attempting to determine what they are. These scientists are often met with skepticism, just as Falk in her continued support of an ape-like placement of the lunate sulcas. However, now many professionals believe that the sulcas is not visible in Taung and many other Australopithecus africanus specimens. However, a newer endocast specimen title Stw 505 has been examined, and many believe that it supports Dart's hypothesis, but this aspect of Taung is still highly debated, and many still believe it has ape-like placement.

Subsequently, Falk unearthed an unpublished manuscript that Dart completed in 1929 in the Archives of the University of Witwatersrand, which provides a much more thorough description and analysis of the Taung endocast than Dart's earlier announcement in Nature. This was barred from being published to Dart's dismay in 1931. It remains unpublished in these archives. In this writing, Falk discovered that she and Dart had come to similar conclusions surrounding the evolutionary process of the brain that Taung indicates. Whereas Dart had identified only two potential sulci on the Taung endocast in 1925, he identified and illustrated 14 additional sulci in this still-unpublished monograph. There, too, Dart detailed how Taung's endocast was expanded globally in three different regions, contrary to the suggestion that he believed hominin brains evolved back-end-first, in a so-called mosaic fashion. This goes against Holloway's interpretation as he has indicated that the back area of the brain evolved before other regions of the brain, but it stands in agreement with Falk's belief that the brain evolved equally in a coordinated fashion instead.

Description
The fossil has most of the face and mandible with teeth and, uniquely, a natural endocast of the braincase. It is estimated to be 2.3 million years old. Originally thought to have belonged to a monkey or ape, the skull, as Dart realized, must have been positioned directly above the spine, indicating an upright posture. That is a trait seen in humans but unknown in other primates.

The Taung Child was originally thought to have been about six years old at death because of the presence of deciduous teeth, but it is now believed to have been about three or four, based on studies of rates of enamel deposition on the teeth. There was some debate over the age of this creature initially because it was unclear if it grew at the speed of a human, or of an ape. Compared to an ape, it would have been aged about 4 years, and compared to a human, it would have been aged around 5–7 years old. Comparison of the Taung Child fossil to the skull of a nine-year-old modern child suggest that A. africanus had a growth rate to adolescence more similar to that of modern apes, like chimpanzees (genus Pan), than to that of modern Homo sapiens. The creature stood 105 cm tall and weighed between 9 and 11 kg. It had a cranial capacity of 400–500 cc, which is comparable to that of a modern adult chimpanzee. Because mature brain size is attained within the first few years of life, the relatively small size is unlikely to be attributed to the specimen being a juvenile. The skull also possesses features more commonly found in humans than apes, including a rising forehead and round eye sockets. Although the lower portion of the nose resembled a chimpanzee, the overall shorter shape was human-like. Likewise, the lower portion of the face was protruded, albeit to a lesser degree than in modern apes. A bony shelf found within the inner jaw of apes could not be found. Dart opted to describe the remains as a "man-ape" rather than as an "ape-man" to highlight the more human features present compared to the remains found of the more recent Pithecanthropus erectus.

In 2006, Lee Berger announced the Taung Child probably was killed by an eagle or other large predatory bird, citing the similarity of the damage to the skull and eye sockets of the Taung Child to that seen in modern primates that are known to have been killed by eagles. There are talon marks in the eyes as well as a depression along the skull that is common in creatures that have been preyed upon by eagles.

title: Taung Child


text:
Talk:The Good Earth

Untitled
Nowhere in the book does it say that Wang Lung had died.

Attention!
The Good Earth artical needs serious expanding and cleanup, I have edited in some important details that have been missed in the original. Any help would be appreciated. AP Shinobi (talk) 01:46, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

Why does this article say nothing with the exception of the statement that an Andrew and Daniel somebody are kings? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.159.67.66 (talk) 21:49, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

I wonder if the "pre-revolutionary novel" doesn't refer instead to the 1912 revolution by Sun Yat-Sen, which overthrew the emperor, rather than the Chinese Civil War from 1927 to 1949 between the nationalists and communists. Does anyone here know the date in which the novel was placed? Bdubay (talk) 23:05, 3 June 2010 (UTC)

..
I've just read this book - and this article is more of a plot synopsis than anything. Shouldn't this article discuss instead the reasons behind it winning a Pulitzer? Perhaps the impact it had in culture? I'm not the best person to do that, but I suspect it would be a more useful article if this were included.
 * Good idea! Why aren't you the best person to do it??  Sign up for an account and start editing.  Even if what you add is fragmented bits and pieces, someone else will come along and expand.  Monkeyman 00:33, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

fuck it, particularly the role of women in that society. O-Lan dismisses the birth of her female children, saying they are nothing, just slaves, but it is in stark contrast to the huge role she had in the success of her husband. Contrast her with Lotus, the "ideal" chinese woman (bound feet, great beauty) whom Wang takes as a concubine. Reflections of the values of the culture are shown through the women. O-Lan states that she is not beautiful, but she has borne sons.
 * Please Refrain from such language, if you have a major problem feel free to report it or edit it yourself! AP Shinobi (talk) 01:44, 25 January 2008 (UTC)
 * You do realize that if the book engaged you to that extent, it's a success? Don't blame Pearl Buck for the nature of Chinese society... Although your point is, to say the least, non-controversial: O-lan gets the rawest deal of any major character I can think of, and that's a decent range of major characters... ExOttoyuhr (talk) 02:06, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

comment
wow! how could people forget THE major theme of the novel: man's relationship with the earth.--Vircabutar 03:04, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

hmm... thats how I feel.
 * "Land is the only thing that matters; it's the only thing that lasts." -- Gerald O'Hara, Gone With The Wind 66.108.106.230 17:20, 22 September 2006 (UTC) Allen Roth

Actually it isnt forgotten. Read the first sentence of the Plot Summary: fall of his fortunes and his connection with the land AP Shinobi (talk) 01:45, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

character map
Should there be a character map here for the Good Earth like they have on Pride and Prejudice. -RussB

 * The characters are discussed in the article already, but that would be a nice addition. AP Shinobi (talk) 15:09, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:GoodEarth.jpg
Image:GoodEarth.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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Folks, I think that the plot summary is somewhat misleading. It says that Wang was given some gold by a rich man during the mob riot in exchange for the latter's life. This is simply not true, it is O-Lan who finds gems and silver in a hidden place after the riot when the Great House is empty. The treasure had been hidden by some concubine if I remember correctly. Could please somebody correct the text? I am not a native speaker of English, I do not feel entitled to do it myself. I think, however, that the correction should be made, as the present version is much more - how should I put it - marxistic as the story that was written by Pearl Buck. Apcka 19:27, 23 October 2008 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Apcka (talk • contribs)

Wang Lung was given gold in exchange for a man's life. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.35.190.78 (talk) 16:39, 3 May 2009 (UTC)

Comment on previous
The summary did not get it wrong. Wang and O-Lan got separated and both stole valuables: Wang by frightening the rich man and O-Lan by finding the secret horde. As usual, O-Lan does everything better than her husband, even theft.

What is disconcerting about the novel is Pearl Buck's seeming refusal to pass moral judgement on his characters. In the latter half of the novel Wang Lung does a number of repulsive things: terrorizing a rich man for his money; ignoring O-Lan when her peasant shrewdness is no longer needed; deliberately encouraging his wicked uncle and aunt to over-indulge in opium until the re;atives are helpless addicts, yet she narrates all this with the same calm tone as she did his earlier suffering and genuine hard work. I don't know why she wrote that way, but a basic attitude is obvious: Wang gets corrupted once he is no longer bound to the land. wrong.

Big question: when is all this happening? We know the railway has just been introduced, and the total absense of Marxist ideas implies that it is before the Revolution, but there are no dates given anywhere in the book. CharlesTheBold (talk) 04:31, 10 December 2008 (UTC)

pass moral jodgement? are you telling us your are god?

Characters
I'm adding a shorter version of the "Characters" section which was cut October 2007. I looked but could not find why it was cut. Perhaps it was too detailed? My understanding is that Wikipedia does not provide a substitute for Cliff's Notes, so perhaps even the version I am adding is too much. ch (talk) 04:57, 15 November 2008 (UTC)

Translator
If the original language is English, why is a translator listed? Brutannica (talk) 01:16, 3 May 2009 (UTC)

So that it may be translated to other languages...? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.222.137.196 (talk) 01:56, 20 August 2009 (UTC)

Series Name
Unless I am mistaken, isn't the name of this series the House of the Earth Trilogy? Why is that not listed? Panther991 (talk) 14:02, 22 June 2009 (UTC)

temporary removal
I removed the following recent addition. Since its style & format but imho the content  as well are somehat questionable. I'm not quite sure what the point of listing selected references to chinese culture in a book on chinese farmers is to begin with. Obviously does a book about a chinese family being set in China written by somebody with a first hand experience contain plenty aspect of chinese culture.

Aside from the question regarding appropriateness of the content, there si an issue with the references, because ideally we would need references talking about cultural descriptions in the book and not references on cultural things themselves that have no connection to the book. Note that such sources belong in articles on such cultural aspects themselves (such as foot binding) rather than here. This is not an article on chinese culture but on the book.

Finally the style should be encyclopädic (less adjectives) and not written as review or essay one the book. The references/sources are not supposed to appear in the middle of the text, but the should be in -tags or just listed at the end of the article. --Kmhkmh (talk) 22:41, 20 August 2010 (UTC)

Culture References
This book has an amazing amount of historical and culture related references and here are some of them.

In chapter seven, after Wang Lung first bought land from the Great House of Hwang word spreads that he is wealthy. Seeking easy money, his uncle came to him asking for money and because he is Wang Lung’s family, Wang Lung felt obligated to share some of his wealth with his uncle. But he did not want to give his well-earned money to his uncle and his uncle’s family, whom he describes as “disgrace done to the family”, to spend with out care and to gamble with. If he did not give him money then his uncle would tell the village that Wang Lung would not help his father’s family, which would hurt his pride and make him unrespected in the community. One of the things that Wang Lung desires most in “The Good Earth” is being respected and thought highly of by others, so he reluctantly helps his uncle. When the uncle and nephew were talking his uncle asked him, “Have you not heard it said that in the Sacred Edicts?”  The Sacred Edicts is a list of sixteen principles given to the common Chinese people by their sixteen years old emperor, K'ang Hsi in 1670. Brians, Paul. "K'ang Hsi: The Sacred Edicts (1670)". Department of English. August 20, 2010. .

In chapter twenty, during a great flood, Wang Lung bought a concubine named Lotus Flower from a wealthy teashop. In China it was common for very successful and rich men to have a concubine, in fact the more you had, the wealthier you looked; the Chinese Emperors often kept thousands. It was thought that keeping a young, fashionable, spoilt young woman as a mistress could make one become even more powerful. Also the concubines were thought higher than the wife, and if had a child, the concubine and her child were inferior to the wife and her children. Concubines were buried alive with their masters in their tombs to keep them company in the afterlife. "Concubines of Ancient China". Beijing Made Easy. August 20, 2010 .

Foot Binding

Legend has it that Li Yu, a leader of China from 961-975 A.D., fell in love with a dancer, Yao Niang, who bound her feet to “suggest the shape of a new moon.” (Holman) Girls had their feet bound between the ages of four and seven. A long bandage was wrapped tightly around their feet; the four smaller toes were broken and bent under the sole and the arch of the foot was bowed to make the foot shorter. A correctly bound foot was a mere three inches long! A woman with bound feet could not dance or run and could barely even walk. (Body Bytes) Foot binding wasn’t outlawed until 1912; by 1915, the government could fine those still binding their feet. (Lim) Foot binding was mentioned in Chapter 1 of The Good Earth on page 18. Wang Lung is disappointed that O-lan’s feet were not bound. He notices this upon their first meeting.

Body Bytes. “Chinese Foot Binding.” Body Bytes. Oracle ThinkQuest, 2001. Web. 20 Aug. 2010. .

Holman, Jeanine. “Bound Feet.” The Photography of Joseph Rupp. PhotoLinks, 2010. Web. 20 Aug. 2010. .

Lim, Louisa. “Painful Memories for China’s Footbinding Survivors.” National Public Radio. National Public Radio, 19 Mar. 2007. Web. 20 Aug. 2010. .

The Three Kingdoms

The Three Kingdoms were established at the end of the Han Dynasty. Ts’ao Ts’ao (155-220 A.D.) ruled the kingdom of Wei. He tried to unify China, but was defeated in the battle of the Red Cliff in 220 A.D. Thus, began the Three Kingdoms. The Kingdoms were Wei, Shu, and Wu. In 263 A.D., the Wei Kingdoms captured the Shu Kingdoms. After the Shu Kingdom was defeated, the Ssu-ma family rose to power. A member of the family, Ssu-ma Yen, began the Chin dynasty in 265 A.D., marking the end of the Three Kingdoms. The Good Earth mentions the Three Kingdoms in Chapter 18 on page 183. After being humiliated in the tea shop, Wang Lung passes by a storyteller and listens to his stories about the Three Kingdoms, “when warriors were brave and cunning.” (p. 183)

Minnesota State University. “The Three Kingdoms.” China. EMuseum, n.d. Web. 20 Aug. 2010. .

Taoist Temples

A temple is a building where worship to a god or a higher being takes place. A Taoist temple would be a place where a person can follow the Taoist religion through worship. Taoism, also known as Daoism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy), is a religion with approximately 225 million followers. (Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance) It includes “regarding the body, diet, breathing and physical exercises, use of herbs, philosophical inquiry and…mediation.” These things bring a Taoist closer with the “natural order” of life, says Madelyn Hamilton in her article, “The Search for Tao”. (Barrett)Essentially, Taoism deals with the flow of the universe, or force behind the natural order that keeps everything running smoothly. (Got Questions Ministries) In The Good Earth, the Taoist temple is mentioned in Chapter 26, page 288. In this chapter, Wang Lung contacts priests from a Taoist temple, along with those from Buddhist temples, to pray for O-lan and Wang Lung’s father after their deaths.

Barrett, Daniel, and Kafkaesq Productions. “What is Taoism?” The Tao of Anime. N.p., 1998. Web. 20 Aug. 2010. .

Got Questions Ministries. “What is Taoism/Daoism?” Got Questions? Got Questions Ministries, 2010. Web. 20 Aug. 2010. .

Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. “Taoism (a.k.a. Daoism).” Religious Tolerance. N.p., 30 June 2010. Web. 20 Aug. 2010. .

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. “Taoism.” Sanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University, 28 June 2007. Web. 20 Aug. 2010. .

None of Wang Lung's daughters was sold
He considered selling his youngest daughter during the famine, but he didn't do it. She was eventually betrothed to a son of a decent family and left her father's house when she married him. Jeez. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.255.65.218 (talk) 23:33, 19 April 2012 (UTC)

Agreed. None of the daughters were sold, they considered giving away the first daughter (youngest child at the time) so she would have a better life, but didn't, and later found out she was the "poor fool." The youngest daughter (the twin) was betrothed, I think to the same family as the second son's wife. They sent her to her betrothed's family to bring up, when Wang Lung discovered his Cousin making a pass at the daughter.

Criticism/Potlical Influence
I challenge the neutrality of this article. In the Political Influence section, the page mentions that the Good Earth may have created sympathy and that it may be more complex/challenge issues in contrast to criticism that it is a collection of racial stereotypes, but the actual criticism is not included on the page. To be a fairly balanced article, the criticism and controversy, the book raises should be included. As a Chinese American, I personally felt uncomfortable with the way characters were portrayed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.230.195.164 (talk) 02:11, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Good Earth


text: User talk:222.126.67.204

title: User talk:222.126.67.204


text:
Talk:Edinburgh Festival Fringe

Restructuring by year

 * Title added. —Nils von Barth (nbarth) (talk)

I have restructured this page with the idea that the discussions for each year will be kept together, as it seems obvious (to me) that there is an annual cycle of changes which is based around the staging of the festival every August. BAK 10:22, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Agreed!
 * I’d go further and suggest archiving annually, at the end of the year (when there is likely a lull in discussion). I’ll do that for the existing years to start.
 * —Nils von Barth (nbarth) (talk) 16:47, 2 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Done!
 * —Nils von Barth (nbarth) (talk) 17:22, 2 September 2009 (UTC)

General Stuff
I was thinking it would be useful to create stubs for individual Fringes, especially for the last ten years. Would include: award winners eg Fringe first, ifcom/Perrier; notable events eg Ricky Gervais's castle show in 2007, the Comedy Festival in 2008; notable shows and venues eg the first year of the udderbelly, shows in caravan, trailer, container etc; and milestones such as 1m tickets being sold for the first time in 2003.

I have started one for 2003 to see if it seems workable. Serious About Comedy (talk) 03:49, 2 May 2009 (UTC)

Surely the page title should be Edinburgh Festival Fringe, that is the full name, Edinburgh Fringe is a coloquial name really, it is either referred to by the full name or just called The Fringe. Serious About Comedy (talk) 04:00, 2 May 2009 (UTC)

Power of larger venues
I removed this text from the article because it seemed like somebody was using Wikipedia as a soapbox, disguised via extensive use of the passive voice. Please feel free to restore it, provided that adequate citations are included and that the section contains a Neutral Point Of View and preferrably use of active voice. Thanks, 149.77.104.228 (talk) 23:38, 22 September 2009 (UTC)

"There are several large venues that contain many separate performing spaces, the most notable being Assembly, Pleasance, The Gilded Balloon and Underbelly. These four venues in 2008 formed the Edinburgh Comedy Festival, a subset of the Fringe consisting of the comedy shows at these venues, publishing their own programme which features their comedy shows in one half, and their other (theatre) offerings in the other half."

"It is thought by some that each of these big, central, one-stop-shops becoming in effect a 'festival within the festival', and the moreso as a group of four. By staging many well-known acts in one place it is thought that they are able to attract audiences away from the more modest (and more difficult to find and get round) venues which, by charging performing groups less, offer more 'traditional' fringe events involving newcomers. Concerns over what can be seen as the disproportionate power of these super venues have been heightened by their use of corporate sponsors and various attempts to work together, e.g. the production of a programme covering their venues has been tried."

Curious Directive
I wonder if anyone who contributes to this page would be able to help update and edit this article on Curious Directive. The company performed at Pleasance King Dome this year. Any work on it would be very much appreciated. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Ben_Canning/work_area — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ben Canning (talk • contribs) 00:16, 2 September 2011 (UTC)

Pay-to-play
I undid what looked like advocacy here, but I have re-added a toned-down version following a request at my user talk. Does anybody have any objection to it? --John (talk) 19:32, 18 October 2012 (UTC)

Listing Award Winners over the Years
While the Perrier is obviously notable, it'd help if some of the other competitions were catalogued, even if just on a single page. e.g. the Herald Angels which have been awarded since 1995!

Paradise in Augustines
The venue Paradise in Augustines changed its name this year (it lost its apostrophe). It is mentioned under its old name in the Venues section. I don't believe there is a source which mentions the change, but the venue's own website http://www.paradise-green.co.uk shows the name quite clearly, and indeed supports the fact for which it is mentioned, that it is in a church. As I have a conflict of interest (I am a director of the venue) would somebody please edit it and add the reference? --ColinFine (talk) 15:20, 17 August 2014 (UTC)
 * Please implement. – S. Rich (talk) 23:32, 9 September 2014 (UTC)

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Shows
The section on shows seems almost arbitrary, including several non-notable shows, and an unbalanced spread of years. Unless anyone has any strong objections, I plan to suggest this entire section again from scratch. Peaky76 (talk) 22:55, 22 March 2016 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 14:08, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

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Accomodation
With so many people attending the festival, accommodation must be an issue. Presumably hotel costs are raised considerably during the festival, house holders may rent out their home for a month, and temporary campsites will be used. However, this is my speculation. The article would be more complete if it contained a section on accomodation during the festival. FreeFlow99 (talk) 10:12, 23 August 2018 (UTC)

Female veterans
I noticed that we now have 5 veteran male performers of the Edinburgh Fringe, was thinking about mentioning a woman or two. My estimation is that Josie Lawrence, Jo Caulfield and Jenny Eclair would be among the female veterans. Caulfield's wikipedia article lists 16 edinburgh fringe shows. This article http://threeweeksedinburgh.com/article/quick-quiz-josie-lawrence/ says Lawrence has been performing at the Fringe since 1985. It's 24 years since Jenny Eclair was first woman to win the Edinburgh Comedy Award https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/edinburgh-comedy-festival-awards-women-jenny-eclair-rose-matafeo-sexism-a8509561.html

What do other Wikipedians think? Regularuk (talk) 14:10, 19 July 2019 (UTC)

Accusations of Colonialism
Do we need to include the issue of the Edinburgh Fringe festival being perceived to be colonial in outlook, mentality, & practice? Accusations have been levelled in local Scottish media that the Fringe Festival is a foreign import due to it alienating local residents and not being relevant to the Scottish population as a whole, due to not being aligned with the Scottish school holidays in July. Also the fact that the organisers have failed to engage & consult local Edinburghers over the major issue of overcapacity & serious overcrowding to the city caused by too many Fringe venues in the city creating bottlenecks & overcrowding issues.

Worthy of inclusion?

"A Young Man Dressed as a Gorilla Dressed as an Old Man Sits Rocking in a Rocking Chair for 56 Minutes and Then Leaves" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect A Young Man Dressed as a Gorilla Dressed as an Old Man Sits Rocking in a Rocking Chair for 56 Minutes and Then Leaves. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 August 22 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. signed,Rosguill talk 16:02, 22 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Edinburgh Festival Fringe


text:
Ralegan Siddhi

Ralegan Siddhi is a village in Parner taluka of Ahmednagar District, in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Located 87 km from Pune, the village has an area of 982.31 ha (1991). It is considered a model of environmental conservation. The village has carried out programs like tree planting, terracing to reduce soil erosion and digging canals to retain rainwater. For energy, the village uses solar power, biogas (some generated from the community toilet) and a windmill. The project is heralded as a sustainable model of a village republic.

The village's biggest accomplishment is in its use of renewable sources for energy. For example, each streetlight in the village has a separate solar panel. The village is headed by a Sarpanch who is the chief of the Gram panchayat (village panchayat).

Demographics
In 2001, the village had 394 households with a total population of 2306 (1265 males and 1041 females).

Watershed development
In 1975 the village was afflicted by drought, poverty prevailed, and trade in illicit liquor was widespread. The village tank could not hold water as the embankment dam wall leaked. Work began with the percolation tank construction. Anna Hazare encouraged the villagers to donate their labour to repair the embankment. Once this was fixed, the seven wells below filled with water in the summer for the first time in memory.

Now the village has water year round, as well as a grain bank, a milk bank, and a school. There is no longer any poverty.

Model village
The World Bank Group has concluded that the village of Ralegan Siddhi was transformed from a highly degraded village ecosystem in a semi-arid region of extreme poverty to one of the richest in the country. The Ralegan Siddhi example, now 25 years old, by demonstrating that it is possible to rebuild natural capital in partnership with the local economy, is a model for the rest of the country.

Anna Hazare
Indian social activist Anna Hazare, leader of the village, is accredited in helping in the development of the village. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan—the third-highest civilian award—by the Government of India in 1992 for his efforts in establishing this village as a model for others.

title: Ralegan Siddhi