text:
Around the World

Around the World may refer to:

 * Circumnavigation, to navigate a circumference, as around the Earth

Books and publications

 * Around the World (magazine), a Russian magazine

Film and TV

 * Around the World (1943 film), a film starring Kay Kyser
 * Around the World (1967 film), a Bollywood romantic comedy

Music

 * Around the World (musical), a musical by Cole Porter
 * Around the World (video), a concert DVD by Mariah Carey
 * Around the World (1997 film), a documentary about the band Aqua

Albums

 * Around the World (Ami Suzuki album), and the title song (see below)
 * Around the World (Bad Boys Blue album)
 * Around the World (Melo-M album)
 * Around the World (Wilber Pan album)
 * Around the World Live, a box set by Deep Purple

Songs

 * "Around the World" (1956 song)
 * "Around the World" (Ami Suzuki song)
 * "Around the World" (Aqua song)
 * "Around the World" (Christina Aguilera song)
 * "Around the World" (Daft Punk song)
 * "Around the World" (East 17 song)
 * "Around the World" (Got7 song)
 * "Around the World" (Natalie La Rose song)
 * "Around the World" (Red Hot Chili Peppers song)
 * "Around the World (La La La La La)", a song by ATC from Planet Pop and an international cover of Ruki Vverh!'s Pesenka
 * "Around the World", by Kings of Leon from Walls
 * "Around the World", by m.o.v.e from Electrock
 * "Around the World", by Monkey Majik from Thank You
 * "Round the World", by Dannii Minogue from Club Disco

Sports and games

 * Around the World (basketball), a basketball variant
 * Around the World (football trick), a juggling skill in football (soccer)
 * Around the world (card game), a drinking game
 * Around the world, a trick performed with a Yo-yo

title: Around the World


text:
William Talman (actor)

William Whitney Talman Jr. (February 4, 1915 – August 30, 1968) was an American television and movie actor, best known for playing Los Angeles District Attorney Hamilton Burger in the television series Perry Mason.

Family and education
William Talman was born in Detroit, Michigan, to Ada Barber and William Whitney Talman, a vice president of an electronics company. His maternal grandparents, Catherine Gandy and James Wells Barber, were immigrants from England.

Talman founded the drama club at the Cranbrook Kingswood School in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. He continued to act at Dartmouth College and the University of Michigan. After college, he worked in summer stock and at an iron foundry, paper mills, boat yards, and as an automobile salesman. Talman served for 30 months in the United States Army in the Pacific Theatre of World War II, beginning his service as a private on February 4, 1942, at Camp Upton in Yaphank, Long Island, New York. He was ultimately commissioned a major during the war.

Acting career
Talman began his acting career on the stage. He was the leading man in the summer stock company at Ivoryton, Connecticut, where he met his first wife, and he played the male lead in Dear Ruth during part of the play's New York run. He appeared on Broadway in Beverly Hills, Spring Again and A Young Man's Fancy, and toured with the road companies of Yokel Boy and Of Mice and Men.

William Talman quickly established himself as a villain in motion pictures. His breakthrough role was in director Richard Fleischer's 1950 film noir thriller Armored Car Robbery, inspired by the Great Brink's Robbery. Talman played the leading role of a career criminal, acknowledged as a genius in gangland circles, who painstakingly masterminded the armored car robbery of the title. In the 1952 film Beware, My Lovely, in which Ida Lupino played a war widow terrorized by a madman in her home, a photograph of Talman was used for the picture of her late, heroic husband.

In 1953, Talman played a sadistic, psychopathic killer in a movie directed by Lupino, the film noir The Hitch-Hiker. The New York Times wrote, "William Talman, as the ruthless murderer, makes the most of one of the year's juiciest assignments."

His performance was also noted by Gail Patrick Jackson, executive producer of the CBS-TV series Perry Mason (1957–66). Raymond Burr had initially auditioned for the role of Mason's adversary, Los Angeles district attorney Hamilton Burger, but Patrick encouraged Burr to lose 60 pounds and read for the lead role – which Burr successfully did. Patrick already had an actor in mind for the district attorney: "I'd seen a brilliant little movie, The Hitch-Hiker, and had to have Bill Talman as Burger – and he never disappointed us", Patrick said.

In 1958, a journalist asked Talman how he felt about Burger losing to Mason week after week. Talman said, "Burger doesn't lose. How can a district attorney lose when he fails to convict an innocent person? Unlike a fist or gun fight, in court you can have a winner without having a loser. As a matter of fact, Burger in a good many instances has joined Mason in action against unethical attorneys, lying witnesses, or any one else obstructing justice. Like any real-life district attorney, justice is Burger's main interest."

Talman, as Burger, went on to lose all but three cases in the nine-year series, including a record two separate murder trials in the final episode. He called his record "the longest losing streak in history". Talman had the title role in the 1960 episode "The Case of the Prudent Prosecutor" in which Burger disqualified himself from prosecuting a longtime personal friend, Jefferson Pike, who was accused of murder. At the end of the episode, after Pike was cleared by Mason, Burger said, "You know, I think I won this case."

Aside from his major supporting role in Perry Mason, Talman also guest-starred in various television series, including Wagon Train, Have Gun – Will Travel, Cimarron City and Gunsmoke. After the 1966 cancellation of Perry Mason, Talman appeared on The Wild, Wild West and in a first-season episode of The Invaders, "Quantity: Unknown", which was his last on-screen acting role before his death.

Arrest for narcotics and lewd vagrancy
In 1960, Talman was fired from Perry Mason for a short period after Sheriff's deputies, suspicious of marijuana use, raided a party on March 13, 1960 in the West Hollywood apartment of Richard Reibold, an advertising agency executive. The deputies reported finding Talman and seven other defendants variously naked and partly dressed. Among the guests was Mrs. Peggy Louise Flannigan, who would later become William Talman's next wife, after his divorce from Barbara Read.

All were arrested for possession of marijuana (the charge was later dropped) and lewd vagrancy. On June 17, municipal judge Adolph Alexander dismissed the charges of lewd vagrancy against Talman and the others for lack of proof. "I don't approve of their conduct," the judge ruled, "but it is not for you and me to approve but to enforce the statutes." In spite of the dismissal, CBS fired Talman and refused to give a reason. Talman was later rehired after the series's executive producer, Gail Patrick Jackson and Talman's friend Raymond Burr, made a request to CBS, Erle Stanley Gardner, the creator of Perry Mason, spoke out in favor of Talman's return, and a massive campaign of letters from viewers to CBS.

Personal life
Talman was married three times. His first marriage, to actress Lynne Carter, lasted from just before he left for active service in 1942 to September 1952 and produced one daughter, Lynda. His second wife was actress Barbara Read; she had two sons, Damon and Quentin, from her second marriage. Read and Talman were married in 1953 and had one daughter, Barbie, and one son, William Whitney Talman III. The couple divorced on August 23, 1960. Talman's third wife was Margaret Louise Larkin Flannigan, whom he married in 1963; she had a son, Steve, and daughter, Debbie, from a previous marriage. The couple had two children: a son, Timothy, and a daughter, Susan. Margaret Talman outlived William Talman by almost 34 years and died, of lung cancer related to smoking, in January 2002, at age 73.

Antismoking advocacy and death
Talman is also known for being the first actor in Hollywood to film an antismoking public service announcement for the American Cancer Society. A lifelong heavy smoker, he was diagnosed with lung cancer, and knew he was dying when he filmed the commercial. The short film began with the words: "Before I die, I want to do what I can to leave a world free of cancer for my six children [...]" Talman requested that the commercial not be aired until after his death.

He had made another such public service announcement, which opened with his voice-over and a picture of his home, followed by filmed shots of his wife and kids, then a still of himself "with a friend of mine you might recognize," Raymond Burr, from the Perry Mason TV series. He then said, "You know, I didn't really mind losing those courtroom battles, but I'm in a battle now I don't want to lose at all. Because if I lose it, it means losing my wife and those kids you just met. I've got lung cancer... So take some advice about smoking and losing from someone who's been doing both for years... If you don't smoke, don't start. If you do smoke, quit!.... Don't be a loser."

Four weeks after filming the second public service announcement, Talman died of lung cancer (which had metastasized to his liver, bones and brain ) on August 30, 1968, at the age of 53, and was buried in the Court of Liberty, lot 833, at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills) in Los Angeles.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: William Talman (actor)


text:
Category:World War I stubs

NB: For biographies of historical characters, use bio-stub or one of its subcategories, instead of WWI-stub

title: Category:World War I stubs


text:
2004 IIHF Women's World Championship

The 2004 IIHF World Women's Championships were held March 30 – April 6, 2004 in Halifax and Dartmouth, Canada at the Halifax Metro Centre (now known as Scotiabank Centre), and the Dartmouth Sportsplex (now known as Zatzman Sportsplex). The Canadian national women's hockey team won their eighth straight World Championships. The event had 9 teams, because the 2003 event was cancelled due to the SARS epidemic, therefore no teams were relegated and the winners of the 2002 and 2003 Division I tournaments qualified. Canada won their 37th consecutive World Championship game before losing 3–1 in their third game. They later avenged their loss to the US by defeating them in the gold medal game 2–1. Sweden and Finland also met each other twice, with Finland winning the bronze medal game 3–2 improving on the earlier draw.

In addition to being the qualifications for the 2005 world tournaments, this year also finalized the qualification for the Torino Olympics.

Goaltending leaders
(minimum 40% team's total ice time)

Directorate Awards

 * Goaltender: 🇨🇦 Kim St. Pierre
 * Defenceman: 🇺🇸 Angela Ruggiero
 * Forward: 🇨🇦 Jayna Hefford
 * Most Valuable Player: 🇨🇦 Jennifer Botterill

All-Star team

 * Goaltender: 🇺🇸 Pam Dreyer
 * Defencemen: 🇸🇪 Gunilla Andersson, 🇺🇸 Angela Ruggiero
 * Forwards: 🇨🇦 Jennifer Botterill, 🇺🇸 Natalie Darwitz, 🇨🇦 Jayna Hefford

Division I
The Division I IIHF World Women's Championships were held March 14–20, 2004 in Ventspils, Latvia

 is promoted to the 2005 Women's World Ice Hockey Championships, and  are demoted to Division II

Directorate Awards
Source: Passionhockey.com
 * Goalie: Yelena Kuznetsova, (Kazakhstan)
 * Defender: Olga Konysheva, (Kazakhstan)
 * Forward: Iveta Koka, (Latvia)

Goaltending leaders
(minimum 40% team's total ice time)

Division II
The Division II IIHF World Women's Championships will be held March 14–20, 2004 in Sterzing, Italy

 is promoted to Division I while and  are demoted to Division III in the 2005 Women's World Ice Hockey Championships

Directorate Awards
Source: Passionhockey.com
 * Goalie: 🇸🇰 Zuzana Tomčíková
 * Defender: 🇸🇰 Jana Kapustová
 * Forward: 🇮🇹 Maria Leitner

Goaltending leaders
(minimum 40% team's total ice time)

Division III
The Division III IIHF Women World Championships were held March 21–28, 2004 in Maribor, Slovenia.

 was promoted to Division II at the 2005 Women's World Ice Hockey Championships, while both and  were relegated to the newly formed Division IV.

Directorate Awards
Source: Passionhockey.com
 * Goalie: Nina Geyer, (Austria)
 * Defender: Kerstin Oberhuber, (Austria)
 * Forward: Jasmina Rosar, (Slovenia)

title: 2004 IIHF Women's World Championship


text:
Bart Veldkamp

Bart Veldkamp (born 22 November 1967) is a retired speed skater, who represented the Netherlands and later Belgium in international competitions, including the Winter Olympics. He currently is the national speed skating coach of Belgium.

Speed skating
In 1990, Bart Veldkamp won the European Allround Championships and came very close to repeating that feat 11 years later in 2001, finishing 2nd. At the 1992 Winter Olympics, he won a gold medal on the 10,000 m. Mainly due to this achievement, Veldkamp was named Dutch Sportsman of the Year in 1992. Before the 1994 Winter Olympics, he was dissatisfied with the qualifying procedures for tournaments and became a Belgian. In Belgium there was (and still is) no speed skating tradition, so qualifying for tournaments became simple because there were no other speed skaters to compete with.

In Lillehammer at the 1994 Winter Olympics, Veldkamp won a bronze medal on the 10,000 m for the Netherlands. The next Olympic medal he won was as a Belgian at the 1998 Winter Olympics on the 5,000 m, in which he became the first skater ever to break the 6:30 barrier on that distance, but his time was beaten later that same day by former compatriots Rintje Ritsma and Gianni Romme. His bronze medal was the first ever Olympic medal in speed skating for Belgium.

In 1997, Veldkamp participated in the Elfstedentocht. In 2003, he announced that the 2006 Winter Olympics at Turin would be his third Winter Olympics as a Belgian, his fifth overall, and definitely his last. At these 2006 Winter Olympics, Veldkamp finished 13th on the 5,000 m and 14th on the 10,000 m and ended his career afterwards.

Commentary and coaching
After his career Veldkamp became a sports commentator for the NOS to analyze speed skating races. He also appeared on several other TV shows such as Peking Express and Wildebeesten.

In the 2006/2007 winter season Veldkamp trained four Kenyan athletes, for the first time ever on ice, for a Dutch TV show. The goal was to let them skate the 200 km long alternative Elfstedentocht at the Weissensee in Austria.

He currently is the national speed skating coach of Belgium.

Personal records
Source: SpeedskatingResults.com

By 12 January 2014, Veldkamp was placed 107th with a score of 152.621 points on the Adelskalender, the ranking list for all-time personal bests. His highest ranking ever on the Adelskalender was a 5th place.

World records
Veldkamp skated one world record:

Source: SpeedSkatingStats.com

Tournament overview
Source:
 * NC = No classification
 * DNQ = Did not qualify

Medals
An overview of medals won by Veldkamp at important championships, listing the years in which he won each medal:

title: Bart Veldkamp


text:
Talk:Glaucoma

It doesn't look black
I'm a patient, not a doctor. , which is used at Glaucoma, shows blackness in the directions the patient can't see. That isn't what my vision looks like, although my glaucoma isn't as bad as his. The directions I can't see (with the other eye closed) look like what my blind spot looked like before I had glaucoma. That is, it doesn't look black and I don't usually notice a problem at all – but if something is in that direction, even a bright light bulb, I won't see it. My brain makes an image consistent with what it sees around the bad area. So there isn't a way to show that in the picture, but it would be possible to explain it in the image caption. Art LaPella (talk) 03:03, 16 September 2020 (UTC)

 * Would this be an improvement? Note that the background in the image is transparent rather than white.

Martin Kealey (talk) 05:59, 10 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Yes, that's better. It fades into the rest of the page. Art LaPella (talk) 15:04, 10 February 2021 (UTC)

Congenital rubella
Congenital rubella syndrome may cause congenital glaucoma in 9 percent of the afflicted and it may be combined with cataract 84.205.241.2 (talk) 23:25, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

Add Link to Uveitic Glaucoma
Hello,

Can we add a link to the uveitic glaucoma Wikipedia page under the causes/other section? It is currently not linked at all. The Uveitic Glaucoma page (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uveitic_glaucoma) is currently an orphan page and does not have any other articles linked to it.

Thank you for your consideration.

NickyB2022 (talk) 19:41, 24 June 2022 (UTC)

✅ - Cmccarthy215 (talk) 16:02, 27 June 2022 (UTC)

 * Thank you! NickyB2022 (talk) 18:01, 1 July 2022 (UTC)

"Glaucomflecken" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Glaucomflecken and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 September 26 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. -- Tamzin  [ cetacean needed ] (she|they|xe) 13:16, 26 September 2022 (UTC)

Hello, we are a group of health professionals and students in the OSMOSIS community who decided to take this article to enhance it as a project. Thank you.Omar tawil (talk) 12:53, 9 September 2023 (UTC)

Risk Factors Paragraph
This paragraph was part of the introduction. I moved it to the [Causes] section since it discuses the risk factors in more details. Is it necessary to add the details of the eye pressure values? It is very likely that the readers don't even know what the normal range is...

"Risk factors for glaucoma include increasing age, high pressure in the eye, a family history of glaucoma, and use of steroid medication. For eye pressures, a value of 21 mmHg or 2.8 kPa above atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg) is often used, with higher pressures leading to a greater risk. However, some may have high eye pressure for years and never develop damage. Conversely, optic nerve damage may occur with normal pressure, known as normal-tension glaucoma. The mechanism of open-angle glaucoma is believed to be the slow exit of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork, while in closed-angle glaucoma the iris blocks the trabecular meshwork. Diagnosis is achieved by performing a dilated eye examination. Often, the optic nerve shows an abnormal amount of cupping."

We are a group of health professionals and students in the OSMOSIS community who decided to take this article to enhance it as a project. Thank you. Wiki Mariyam (talk) 09:20, 11 September 2023 (UTC)

Environment and Genetics Section
Hello!

I am currently editing the environment and genetics section.

I added this paragraph, the majority of the sentences were cited from primary sources. I was wandering if you think this is ok, or should I look for review articles instead? (you may find the citations in the article).

"Playing high-resistance wind instruments like oboe, bassoon, French horn, and trumpet was found to elevate IOP. Caffeine consumption among people with a strong genetic tendency for high eye pressure increases their likelihood of having glaucoma. Certain yoga positions may also increase IOP. Moreover, wearing tight neckties, and lifting weights are known to temporarily increase IOP. Alcohol use is also associated with IOP and open-angle glaucoma."

We are a group of health professionals and students in the OSMOSIS community who decided to take this article to enhance it as a project. Thank you. Wiki Mariyam (talk) 15:21, 18 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Primary sources are not ideal. Review articles (secondary sources are better). And I believe transient elevations in IOP such as with playing wind instruments, exercising, weightlifting or performing certain Yoga positions are not clinically relevant. Golan1911 (talk) 15:46, 19 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you! Wiki Mariyam (talk) 19:52, 21 September 2023 (UTC)

Article Review
Valuable contributions in editing the article, enhancing its clarity and accuracy. Your efforts are truly appreciated. Here's some critique that could help to enhance the flow the the clarity of the article.

Overall, the article's introduction provides a comprehensive overview of glaucoma, effectively summarizing its key features, capturing the reader's attention, and serving as an abstract of the article as the paragraphs are divided as the subheadings of the article. This is a very good point that organizes the readers and summarizes the main points of the article. I like that they add the meaning of The word "glaucoma" in the introduction. According to the last paragraph that talks about the Prevalence, epidemiology, and risk factors of glaucoma, I wish that this was at the beginning of the first paragraph. (to help in the flow of the paragraph because I felt a shift while I was reading, so to help in smoother transition it should rearrange the paragraphs)

I wish that the article had a contents box because the article is too long, and the box would give the reader an overview at the beginning and would organize their thoughts, by knowing what the main headings are, what the article is going to talk about, etc... Also, I think the history and Epidemiology section or subheading should be at the beginning of the article, right after the introduction.

I like how they engage the reader by addressing common misconceptions about ocular hypertension, but if they add subheadings like “Primary Causes" and "Secondary Causes," would be more organized.

I think in the Environment and Genetics section they should add a brief simple explanation of what the Mutations and Anomalies mean, not just link them to another wiki page. some sentences need simpler language, and Phrases like “third-trimester”, and gene names might be challenging for readers without a medical background, providing a brief explanation could improve comprehension (like what are the roles of these several genes in glaucoma). Moreover, there is a Lack of information on how these genetic factors contribute to the development of the disease, and how the environment plays a role in Glaucoma there are no details about the environment (most of them are about the genetic effect), also how the location and ethnicity contribute in a different effect on people, (how these variations manifest).

The prevention section has a flow transmission between ideas, and it effectively informs readers with a clear and simple explanation. but it would be more informative if they provided sufficient explanations for readers about medical terminology like "neuroretinal rim" and "optic fibers". There are a few minor grammatical and punctuation issues. I like how they demonstrate the difference between stages but I would like to know more, like what led to the transition from one stage to another, more symptoms in the Moderate Stage, and specific challenges faced by individuals at the Advanced stage. Also if there is statistical data it would offer a more quantitative understanding to the readers and also attract their attention. There is a smooth transition between the stages of glaucoma and risk factors, but if there are more examples of the factors that can influence the prognosis. Thank you. IsraaBaker (talk) 19:23, 22 September 2023 (UTC)

Epidemiology world map update
Hello!

I noticed that the world map in the Epidemiology section is from 20 years ago. How can I update it?

I checked the Graphics Lab/Map workshop and seems like I can't add a ready map from an article. I have to make it. Are there any tips on how to do it? Does it involve excel sheets and specific programs?

Wiki Mariyam (talk) 06:14, 24 September 2023 (UTC)

Article Review
The edit on the screening part was good but the rest of the diagnosis part must be edited to be more organized and reformed as bullet points to be more effective in conveying information to the people reading the article. The effort of this part was great but I think the readers couldn't get the info they wanted easily.

The article provides a strong foundation for understanding glaucoma treatment options. Expanding on the details of each treatment modality, including their benefits, risks, and patient considerations can be great. Additionally, addressing patient education and rehabilitation services would offer a more comprehensive overview of managing glaucoma as a chronic eye condition.

A lot of editing was done to the Prognosis part as a lot of nonsense junk info at first and it was a good step but the good, but it can be better and more effective if it includes things like early detection, adherence to medications and follow-up care, and the individual's response to therapy.

A better organization of the content would be beneficial. Without clear section titles, it now offers a considerable volume of information, making it difficult for readers to browse and discover certain information.

To make the text more informative, it would be beneficial to include information about the prevalence of glaucoma, risk factors, and the importance of early detection and treatment. Additionally, providing an overview of the different types of glaucoma could be helpful.

The inclusion of statistics regarding glaucoma prevalence, risk factors, and an explanation of various glaucoma types would provide a more comprehensive understanding of the topic.

However, the text contains several "[citation needed]" placeholders, which undermine its credibility. To improve reliability, specific citations are needed, especially when discussing pharmaceuticals, surgical techniques, and treatment outcomes.--Nooredin 2003 (talk) 00:31, 25 September 2023 (UTC)

Epidemiology Section
The Epidemiology section has a sentence - presumably created before 2020 - which addresses the year in a future tense, i.e.

"By 2020, the prevalence is projected to increase to 58.6 million worldwide and 3.4 million in the United States."

The sentence above also makes unnecessary reference to the figures in the United States as if the figures are somehow more relevant and separate to other countries. It does the same again in the sentence below it, i.e.

"Both internationally and in the United States, glaucoma is the second-leading cause of blindness."

It's puzzling why the original creator of the paragraph makes special cases for the United States as if it is a separate entity to all other countries. 2.98.172.226 (talk) 15:40, 3 February 2024 (UTC)

(I'm new to Wikipedia talk and editing, excuse me if I made any errors here but that's why I didn't want to simply correct the above personally).

title: Talk:Glaucoma


text:
Valaoritis

Valaoritis is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Aristotelis Valaoritis (1824–1879), Greek poet and politician, great-grandfather of Nanos
 * Nanos Valaoritis (1921–2019), Greek poet, novelist, and playwright

title: Valaoritis


text:
Talk:Lambda-class shuttle

Question: Should we move this to Lambda-class Shuttle, and have something like "the most well-known ship of this class is Tydirium..."? For the Tantive IV, there's both, but that's a much more major ship.-LtNOWIS 00:26, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I agree. Most of this article is about Lambda-class shuttles in general, not about the Tydirium specifically. Any objections? —Caesura(t) 01:53, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I have moved the article. —Caesura(t) 18:08, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

It's Tydirium. =) http://www.starwars.com/databank/starship/lambdashuttle/index.html 152.23.196.162 08:59, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lambda-class shuttle


text:
Roman de Fauvel

The Roman de Fauvel is a 14th-century French allegorical verse romance of satirical bent, generally attributed to Gervais du Bus, a clerk at the French royal chancery. The original narrative of 3,280 octosyllabics is divided into two books, dated to 1310 and 1314 respectively, during the reigns of Philip IV and Louis X. In 1316–7 Chaillou de Pesstain produced a greatly expanded version.

The romance features Fauvel, a fallow-colored horse who rises to prominence in the French royal court, and through him satirizes the self-serving hedonism and hypocrisy of men, and the excesses of the ruling estates, both secular and ecclesiastical. The antihero's name can be broken down to mean "false veil", and also forms an acrostic F-A-V-V-E-L with the letters standing for the human vices: Flattery, Avarice, Vileness, Variability (Fickleness), Envy, and Laxity. The romance also gave birth to the English expression "curry fauvel", the obsolete original form of "curry favor". The work is reminiscent of a similar tract in the 13th-century Roman de la Rose, though owes more to the animal fabliaux of Reynard the Fox.

Chaillou's manuscript (Paris, BN fr. 146) is a splendid work of art with illuminations by the painter known as the maître de Fauvel, as well as being of considerable musicological interest due to interpolations of 169 pieces of music, which span the gamut of thirteenth- and early fourteenth-century genres and textures. Some of these pieces are linked to Philippe de Vitry and the nascent musical style referred to as Ars Nova.

Plot
The poem revolves around the central figure, an ambitious and foolish horse, called Fauvel. The horse's name itself is rife with symbolism. "Fauvel" comes from the color of its coat, which is "muddy beige" (or fallow-colored) and symbolic of Vanity. The name breaks down to fau-vel, or "false veil", and is furthermore an acronym F-A-V-V-E-L taken from the head letters of these vices: Flattery, Avarice, Vileness, Variability (Fickleness), Envy, and Laxity (Flaterie, Avarice, Vilanie, Varieté, Envie, Lascheté).

The first book is a rebuke against the clergy and society, tainted by Sin and corruption. Fauvel though he is a horse no longer resides in a stable, but is set up in a grand house (the royal palace in fact) by the grace of Dame Fortune, the goddess of Fate. He changes his residence to suit his needs, and has a custom manger and hayrack built. In his garderobe (toilet) he has those from the religious order stroking him to make sure "no dung can remain on him." Church and secular leaders far and wide make pilgrimages to see him, and bow to him in servitude. These potentates condescend to brush and clean Fauvel from his tonsured head to tail. These fawning groomers are said to "curry" (torcher) Fauvel in the original phrasing of the work, and this is where the English expression "curry favour" has originated, corrupted from the earlier form "curry fauvel."

Fauvel travels to Macrocosmos and asks Dame Fortune for her hand in marriage. She denies him, but in her stead she proposes he wed Lady Vainglory. Fauvel agrees, and the wedding takes place, with such guests present as Flirtation, Adultery, Carnal Lust, and Venus, in a technique similar to that of the Morality plays of the 15th and 16th centuries.

Finally, Dame Fortune reveals that Fauvel's role in the world is to give birth to more iniquitous rulers like himself, and to be a harbinger of the Antichrist.

The manuscript was written to criticise King Philip IV, but direct attacks on his character were too dangerous. Instead, the king's second in command, Enguerrand de Marigny was the model for Fauvel.

Text
The Roman de Fauvel is a poem of 3280 octasyllabic rhyming couplets, divided into two books: Book 1 in 1226 verses, completed 1310 according to its last verse; and Book 2, in 2054 verses, completed 1314 according to its explicit. In 1316–7 Chaillou de Pe[s]stain (a still unidentified member of a family of bureaucrats) augmented this text with an additional 3000 verses spanning both books (1800 lines of which are spent on Fauvel's wedding).

Surviving copies
The earliest manuscript to survive contains Chaillou's expanded version in his own hand (Paris, BN fr. 146). The dozen or so other extant manuscripts are of the non-interpolated form, and these continued to be copied into the fifteenth century. Chaillou's deluxe manuscript is illustrated with 78 miniatures, and inserts 169 musical pieces, woven into a complex mise-en-page.

Music
Of all the surviving manuscript versions of Le Roman de Fauvel, the copy compiled by Chaillou de Pesstain (BN fr. 146), has attracted the most musicological attention due to the interpolated musical pieces in musical notation, which span the gamut of thirteenth- and early fourteenth-century genres and textures. The 169 pieces all have lyrics, 124 in Latin, 45 in French. The genres cover the liturgical and devotional, sacred and profane, monophonic and polyphonic, chant, old and new music. Some of these pieces are thought to have been composed by Philippe de Vitry. While these pieces were once thought of as arbitrarily selected repertory for textual "accompaniment", recent scholarship (such as "Fauvel Studies" and Dillon's "Music-Making") has tended to focus on the ingenious intertextual/glossing role(s) played by musical notation – both visual and aural – in augmenting and diversifying the (political) themes of Gervais' admonitio. Amongst other curious discoveries are the inclusion of numerous "false" chants (Rankin) interspersed between actual liturgical material, perhaps a direct musical play on the deceptive qualities of its equine trickster. Much attention has also been paid to fr. 146's numerous polyphonic motets, some of which (In Nova Fert, for example) exhibit red notation of newer mensural notational innovations generally described under the umbrella of ars nova.

Although the text of the Roman de Fauvel is not particularly well known, the music has been frequently performed and recorded. The question of how the entire work would have been read or staged in the 14th century is the subject of academic debate. Some have suggested that BN fr. 146 could have been intended as a theatrical performance. This hypothesis contradicts the concurrent opinion that the Roman de Fauvel is mainly an anthology. Modern performance projects, live and recorded, based on the BN 146 manuscript of the "Roman de Fauvel", involving text, music, and at times staging or semi-staging, have been created by the Studio der Fruehen Musik, the Clemencic Consort, and The Boston Camerata, among others. Camerata's version has toured extensively in the U.S. and Europe, and was last seen at the 2011 Boston Early Music Festival.

Discography
The first recording of the work was made in 1972 by the Studio der Frühen Musik (Studio of Early Music) on the EMI Reflexe label, directed by Thomas Binkley. This recording is currently available as part of a 5-CD box set on the Virgin label. The speaker of the verses uses the original old French, including some now very odd-sounding pronunciations of still familiar French words. It has been suggested that the musical interludes have some, especially for that time, poignantly dissonances and counterpoints, which likely serve to illustrate the mocking nature of the whole story. The musical style of the polyphonies, nonetheless, is characteristic of the period in general.

The recording of the Roman de Fauvel by The Boston Camerata, directed by Joel Cohen, was made in 1991 for Erato Disques. As of mid-2015, it was still available from Warner Classics. Erato also produced, the same year, a "video book" of the Roman de Fauvel. The video project was shown to audiences at the Louvre Museum, Paris, and at several conferences/colloquia; it was, however, never released commercially.

title: Roman de Fauvel


text:
Talk:Catullus 49

Untitled
This needs some categories added eventually. Additionally, the title could do with changing to Catullus 49, because I've realised that other poets wrote Carmina between 48 and 50. Hooroo Kenneth Charles 00:29, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * DONE!Kenneth Charles 09:57, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

translation citation
Translation by Kenneth Charles

but the article should not point to the User: namespace. Fplay 23:47, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

Translation of "nepotum"
The first two lines of the translation read:

Most eloquent descendent of Romulus, [of] as many as there are and as many as there have been, Marcus Tullius,

However, I believe "nepotum" is genitive plural, not nominative singular, which would be translated "of the descendents." And if so, that might eliminate the necessity of the insertion of [of].

Hope that helps!

Vale --NotQuiteGeek 16:48, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Catullus 49


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USS John D. Ford

USS John D. Ford (DD-228/AG-119) was a Clemson-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War II. She was named for Rear Admiral John Donaldson Ford.

John D. Ford was laid down 11 November 1919 and launched 2 September 1920 from William Cramp & Sons; sponsored by Miss F. Faith Ford, daughter of Rear Admiral Ford; and commissioned as Ford 30 December 1920.

Service history
After acceptance trials off New England, John D. Ford received Lieutenant Commander C. A. Pownall as commanding officer 16 July 1921. On 17 November, while operating along the eastern seaboard, her name was changed to John D. Ford. After training in the Caribbean, she departed Newport, Rhode Island, 20 June 1922 for permanent duty with the Asiatic Fleet. Sailing via the Mediterranean Sea, the Suez Canal, and the Indian Ocean, she arrived Cavite, Manila Bay, 21 August to begin almost two decades of service in the Far East.

Prior to the outbreak of World War II, Ford operated out of Manila, cruising Asiatic waters from southern China to northern Japan. During April and May 1924, she helped establish temporary air bases on the Japanese Kurile and Hokkaidō Islands in support of the pioneer, global flight between 9 April and 28 September by the United States Army Air Service.

Chinese Civil War
On 6 June she deployed to Shanghai, China, to protect American lives and interests, which were threatened by Chinese civil strife. After renewal of the Chinese Civil War in May 1926, she patrolled the Chinese coast to protect convoys from roving bands of bandits. On 24 March 1927 she supported the evacuation of American and foreign nationals, who were fleeing from mob violence at Nanjing. That event included a naval bombardment of the city.

The ascendancy of the reformed Nationalist government under Chiang Kai-shek in 1928 reduced the intensity of the civil strife. However, Sino-Japanese relations deteriorated, requiring Ford to remain in China. Following Japanese aggression in northern China during July 1937, she evacuated Americans from Beiping as Japanese ships prepared to blockade the Chinese coast. Steaming to Manila 21 November, she operated between the Philippines and southern China on fleet maneuvers. After war broke out in Europe in September 1939, she increased training off the Philippines and commenced Neutrality patrols in the Philippine and South China Seas.

World War II

After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor 7 December 1941, John D. Ford readied for action at Cavite as a unit of DesDiv 59. Undamaged by the destructive Japanese air raid on Manila Bay 10 December, she sailed southward the same day to patrol the Sulu Sea and Makassar Strait with Task Force 6. She remained in Makassar Strait until 23 December, then she steamed from Balikpapan, Borneo, to Surabaya, Java, arriving the 24th.

As the Japanese pressed southward through the Philippines and into Indonesia, the Allies could hardly hope to contain the Japanese offensive in the East Indies. With too few ships and practically no air support they strove to harass the Japanese forces in an attempt to delay their advance, and to prevent the invasion of Australia. Anxious to strike back at the Japanese, Ford departed Surabaya 11 January 1942 for Kupang, Timor, where she arrived on the 18th to join a destroyer striking force. Two days later the force sailed for Balikpapan to conduct a surprise torpedo attack on Japanese shipping. Arriving off Balikpapan during mid watch 24 January, the four destroyers launched a raid through the Japanese transports while Japanese destroyers steamed about Makassar Strait in search of reported American submarines. For over an hour the destroyers fired torpedoes and shells at the astonished enemy. Before retiring from the first surface action in the Pacific war, they sank four Japanese ships; one of them, the IJA transport Kuretake Maru, fell victim to John D. Ford's torpedoes and was lost along with six crewmen and 272 troops. In the darkness, Ford also fired on the Japanese hospital ship Asahi Maru, causing minor damage. The striking force arrived Surabaya 25 January.

The Japanese pincer offensive through the Dutch East Indies continued despite Allied harassment. On 3 February the Japanese began air raids on Surabaya, and John D. Ford retired in convoy to Tjilatjap on the southern coast of Java. During mid-February the Japanese tightened their control of islands east and west of Java, and on 18 February they landed troops on Bali, adjacent to the eastern end of the Java. In response John D. Ford, USS Pope (DD-225), and other American and Dutch ships steamed to Badoeng Strait in two waves to engage an enemy destroyer-transport force during the night of 19/20 February in what became known as the Battle of Badung Strait. A unit of the first wave, Ford conducted a running engagement with two Japanese destroyers without results. The outcome from the battle as a whole was a Japanese victory: the landings on Bali were successful and the Dutch destroyer HNLMS Piet Hein was sunk, while suffering substantial damage to only one ship.

Returning to Tjilatjap 21 February for fuel, Ford and Pope immediately sailed to Kiritimati to pick up the last reserve of 17 to 18 torpedoes from USS Black Hawk (AD-9). Then they steamed to Surabaya, arriving on the 24th to join the dwindling ABDA Striking Force. Hampered by shortages of fuel, ammunition, and torpedoes and reduced in strength by sinkings, battle damage, and repair needs, the Allies indeed faced a "critical situation." Only four U.S. destroyers remained operational in the Striking Force.

Late on the 25th, Ford sortied with the Striking Force from Surabaya in search of a large enemy amphibious force in the Java Sea. Returning to port the following day, the force was joined by five British ships; once more the Striking Force steamed to intercept the enemy. Following an unsuccessful strike by enemy planes the morning of the 27th, the Allied force steamed for Surabaya. While steaming through the mine field, the ships reversed course and deployed to meet the enemy off the northern coast of Java.

The Battle of Java Sea commenced at 1616 and continued for over 7 hours. The Allied ships, 5 cruisers and 9 destroyers, engaged the enemy force, four cruisers and 13 destroyers, in a furious running battle marked by intermittent gun and torpedo duels. Ford emerged from the battle undamaged, but once again the battle as whole was a defeat for the Allies, as in the unsuccessful attempt to prevent the invasion of Java five Allied ships were sunk.

Retiring to Surabaya, Ford and three other destroyers of DesDiv 58 departed after dark 28 February for Australia. Steaming undetected through the narrows of Bali Strait during midwatch 1 March, the destroyers encountered three Japanese destroyers guarding the southern end of the strait. Out of torpedoes and low on ammunition, the destroyers retreated from the Japanese patrol and steamed for Fremantle. Lieutenant Commander J. E. Cooper, who had skippered Ford since before the outbreak of the war, brought her safely to Australia 4 March.

After two months of convoy escort duty along the Australian coast, Ford departed Brisbane 9 May for Pearl Harbor. Arriving 2 June, she sailed in convoy three days later for San Francisco and arrived 12 June. She cleared San Francisco for Pearl Harbor 23 June, and during the next 11 months escorted nine convoys between San Francisco and Pearl. Returning to the West Coast 20 May 1943, she departed San Francisco 24 May for convoy and antisubmarine warfare (ASW) patrols in the Atlantic.

Assigned to the 10th Fleet, Ford transited the Panama Canal 4 June and joined a Trinidad-bound convoy the 6th. For the next 6 months she ranged the North and South Atlantic from New York and Charleston, South Carolina, to Casablanca, French Morocco, and Recife, Brazil, protecting supply convoys from U-boats. After ASW training late in December, she joined USS Guadalcanal (CVE-60) out of Norfolk, Virginia 5 January 1944 for offensive ASW operations in the Atlantic. The destroyer supported the destruction of GS U-544 by planes from Guadalcanal, who surprised and depth charged the submarine while refueling west of the Azores 16 January.

After returning to the East Coast 16 February, Ford cleared Norfolk 14 March for a convoy run to the Mediterranean. While at Gibraltar 29 March, she was damaged in a collision with a British tanker. Following repairs, she returned to Norfolk, arriving 1 May. Departing Norfolk 24 May for convoy duty to the Canal Zone, Ford continued convoy patrols for almost a year from eastern seaboard ports to Recife, Reykjavík, and Casablanca.

From 24 May 1945 to 27 June, she acted as escort and plane guard for USS Boxer (CV-21) during the carrier's shakedown in the Caribbean, then she returned to Norfolk. She sailed 8 July for Boston Navy Yard where she arrived 9 July for conversion to miscellaneous auxiliary AG-119. After conversion, she returned to Norfolk 9 September and decommissioned 2 November 1945. Subsequently, she was sold for scrap 5 October 1947 to Northern Metal Company, Philadelphia.

Awards

 * Presidential Unit Citation
 * American Defense Service Medal with "FLEET" clasp
 * Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with two battle stars
 * American Campaign Medal
 * European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with one battle star
 * World War II Victory Medal

Presidential Unit Citation
''For extraordinary heroism in action against enemy Japanese forces during the Java Campaign in the Southwest Pacific War Area, from 23 January to 4 March 1942. Gallantly operating in defense of the Netherlands East Indies with the limited surface forces of the combined United States, British and Dutch Royal Navies, the JOHN D. FORD led a column of four destroyers in a fierce night counter-invasion action off Balikpapan, confusing and disorganizing the enemy to aid in the sinking or damaging by torpedo and gunfire of a number of Japanese warships. A highly vulnerable target for hostile cruiser and destroyer gunfire while fighting as a unit of a joint United States-Dutch Striking Force in the Badoeng Strait action, she responded nobly to the heroic efforts of her officers and men and scored several damaging torpedo and gun hits before affecting a masterly withdrawal from the field of combat. Boldly attacking a numerically superior force by day in the Java Sea action, she was one of six vessels in the combined United States-Dutch-British Combined Striking Force to wage a brilliant torpedo attack against the main body of the Japanese Armada and, hurling the full fighting power of her gun batteries at the hostile disposition, exerted every means at her command to inflict damage on the Japanese and aid her companion ships in forcing the enemy to break off the engagement. Relentlessly trailed by cruiser-borne planes and repeatedly bombed by enemy aircraft, she battled with unconquerable spirit and undiminished fury against strong dispositions vastly superior in numbers and armament during this early critical period of the war. The JOHN D. FORD’S illustrious achievements add new luster to the annals of American Naval Warfare and uphold the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.''

As of 2010, no other U.S. Navy ship has been named John D. Ford.

title: USS John D. Ford


text:
Eddy Gordo

Eddy Gordo (エディ・ゴルド) is a fictional character from the Tekken series created by Bandai Namco Entertainment (formerly Namco). The character is a Brazilian capoeira fighter. Introduced in Tekken 3 in 1997, Eddy has since appeared in every game thereafter (albeit he is not a participant in the King of Iron Fist Tournament 4 story-wise), although he shares the same character slot as Christie Monteiro in Tekken 4 and Tekken 5, but regained his own slot in subsequent games beginning with Tekken 5: Dark Resurrection.

Eddy's storyline from his debut through Tekken 5 revolved around his quest for revenge for the murder of his parents, culminating in the defeat of Kazuya Mishima during the events of Tekken 5. From Tekken 5 onward, Eddy's plot focused on his and Christie Monteiro's search for a cure to an unknown illness that Christie's grandfather, Eddy's Capoeira master, was suffering from. Eddy was the first capoeira practitioner to appear in the Tekken franchise, followed by Tiger Jackson, a palette swap of Eddy in Tekken 3 and Tekken Tag Tournament; and Christie Monteiro, Eddy's replacement in Tekken 4. Eddy has received heavy criticism in the fighting video game community for the low skill floor associated with Eddy's play style; however, the character, along with Christie, has been credited with popularizing the art of capoeira to a new audience within the larger gaming and martial arts community, and has influenced popular culture.

Character development
The Tekken 3 development team wanted to include a Capoeira practitioner for Tekken 3 and turned to the development artists to create the character. It was desired by Masahiro Kimoto, one of the game designers of Tekken 3, that the Capoeira character be female but the artist that was tasked with the character's design deemed the female character too difficult to create and instead created Eddy. Kimoto later stated that his favorite character from Tekken 3 was Eddy, because of the challenges in his development.

Mestre Marcelo Pereira, a Brazilian capoeira master, was the motion capture artist for Eddy Gordo in Tekken 3. Pereira stated that Namco had heard of him as a result of his 1995 International Capoeira Seminar held in San Francisco, and that he felt honored in being chosen by Namco to represent Capoeira in Tekken 3. Marcelo Pereira reported that during the development of Tekken 3 he had been injured, as a result the acrobatic movements he performed were restricted. He also claimed that he performed "about 20%" of what he was capable of performing because it was necessary to have "another skillful capoeirista to spar with" to perform some movements in Capoeira. Additionally, Pereira criticized Namco's naming choices for Eddy Gordo and his moves, noting that Eddy is not a Brazilian name and that "Gordo" in Portuguese meant "fat" and the movements' names were not "traditional" like the names he had called them during development.

In video games
Eddy Gordo first appeared in Tekken 3 and appeared in the following title, Tekken Tag Tournament. In Tekken 4, Eddy Gordo was omitted from the roster and was replaced with Christie Monteiro, another Capoeira practitioner, but appeared as an alternate costume for Christie and without serving any purpose in the storyline. Masahiro Kimoto stated that Eddy was replaced because initially, they had intended to create a female Capoeira character in Tekken 3 but instead changed to a male character due to artistic limitations. In Tekken 4, the team was able to successfully create "an attractive female character named Christie" who practiced Capoeira, so they chose to replace Eddy with her. Eddy Gordo later served as a character costume swap for Christie in Tekken 5, and became a separate character once again in the Tekken 5 update, Tekken 5: Dark Resurrection; however, while he did have his own character customizations, his moveset remained identical to Christie's. Eddy Gordo appeared again in Tekken 6, and its update, Tekken 6: Bloodline Rebellion, but his moveset has remained similar to Christie's, only differing in move properties such as speed and distance. Additionally, in Bloodline Rebellion, Eddy serves as the boss for the 28th level of the Scenario Campaign Mode, the "Tekken Force 4th Special Forces Operational Group Compound".

Eddy was born into one of the richest families in Brazil. When Eddy was 19 years old, his father was killed while trying to destroy a Brazilian drug cartel known as the "Organization". In his last breaths, Eddy's father asked his son to take responsibility for his death. Eddy went along with his father's last wish and served eight years in prison, during which he met an old man who taught him Capoeira. For his eight years of prison, Eddy practiced until he became a master. Upon his release, Eddy heard about the King of Iron Fist Tournament 3 and the Mishima Financial Empire (MFE), the sponsor of the tournament and a conglomerate compared to a "large slice of the world" which is owned by Heihachi Mishima. He decided to enter the tournament, believing he could either convince the MFE or take control of it and force it to help him get revenge on his father's killers. As shown in his Tekken 3 ending, Eddy tracked down the gang who killed his father; the gang members confessed that the killing had been ordered by Kazuya Mishima.

In Tekken 4, it is learned that while Eddy was in prison he learned of his master's granddaughter, Christie Monteiro, and made a promise to his master to teach her Capoeira when Eddy got out of prison. After the King of Iron Fist Tournament 3, Eddy found and taught Christie Capoeira, who became impressive at the martial art after two years of training. Soon after Christie's training, Eddy left, saying, "Those responsible for my father's death will pay." Christie Monteiro entered The King of Iron Fist Tournament 4 to find Eddy, as this was the only clue that could lead her to him.

Prior to Tekken 5, Eddy learns that the master who taught him capoeira in prison is about to be freed. Eddy goes to his release but discovers that his master has become a weak and frail old man, not the great Capoeira master he had studied under. After he takes his master to a hospital, Eddy learns that he is dying from an incurable disease that will give him less than six months to live. There is hope, however, if the Mishima Zaibatsu's technology and resources could be put to use. Knowing this and hearing the announcement of the fifth King of Iron Fist tournament, Eddy and Christie enter with the hopes of saving Christie's grandfather. He also a playable character in Tekken 7, where it is revealed that even with the Zaibatsu's technology, it is still unable to cure his master's illness, with his passing causes Eddy to resign from the Zaibatsu and continue his vengeful quest against Kazuya on his own, while remaining on good term with Jin.

Eddy returns as a DLC character in Tekken 8, revealing that Eddy is outmatched against Kazuya during his failed assault at G Corporation, until Yoshimitsu rescued him in time, and guided him to meet someone he once knew in the past ten years, allowing Eddy to discard his vengeance and vow to save every survivor from Kazuya's tyranny. The said childhood friend is none other than the current Polish Prime Minister, Lidia Sobieka. During Tekken 8, while joining forces with Jin's side against Kazuya, it is revealed that Eddy and Yoshimitsu are leading the surviving Tekken Force soldiers from the assault of G Corporation led by his former colleague, Nina Williams, whom Kazuya hired after he killed Heihachi Mishima  at the end of Tekken 7.

Gameplay
BradyGames, in 2009, attributed the "button masher" stigma to Eddy's "constantly shifting stances and unpredictable nature" in regards to casual gameplay of Tekken 6, while in competition the random actions of button mashing" lead to heavy punishment more often than not."

In other media and merchandise
In the 1997 original video animation Tekken: The Motion Picture, Eddy is seen during the opening introduction. In the 2011 CGI film Tekken: Blood Vengeance, Eddy's dossier is briefly seen when Anna Williams opens a file containing dossiers on various persons of interest.

In the 2009 live-action film Tekken, Eddy is portrayed by Brazilian capoeira fighter/stuntman Lateef Crowder. He participates in the Iron Fist tournament and is pitted against Raven, who defeats Eddy. Critics praised the accurate portrayal of Eddy toward the games, but criticized the brevity of Eddy's role in the film. Unlike the games, he has no relation to Christie Monteiro.

In 2003, Epoch Co. released an Eddy Gordo action figure as part of their Tekken Tag Tournament toyline; the toy featured interchangeable hands and a display stand.

Reception
Complex ranked Eddy as the seventeenth-"Most Dominant Fighting Game Character", commenting "You either think this dancing brawler is the greatest thing to happen to Tekken or you think he's the cheesiest character in the entire series." In early 1998, Electronic Gaming Monthly reported that Eddy Gordo was "the current fan favorite" of the Tekken 3 cast. In the official poll by Namco Bandai Games, Eddy was ranked as the ninth most requested Tekken character to be playable in Tekken X Street Fighter, at 10% of votes.

The character has been criticized for his perceived simplistic playability. MTV.com nicknamed him "Eddy 'Button-Masher's Savior' Gordo." Luke McKinney of GameSpy lambasted Eddy as "the worst thing to happen to fighting gamers since repetitive strain injury" and likened him to "Jar Jar Binks, a floppy-limbed aberration staining a beloved classic." Dave Cook of NowGamer rated Eddy among his "10 most hated game characters ever" at tenth in 2010: "Eddy shouldn't even have a command list, just pictures of both kick buttons, because if you hammer both endlessly, you will win every round." Pete Dreyer of RedBull.com included Eddy in his selection of the "10 Cheapest Fighting Game Characters of All Time" for similar reasons in 2016: "Just start mashing those kick buttons until his legs start capoeira-ing all over the place and rake in the glory." In his 2014 article "In Defense of Button Mashing", Kevin Wong of Kotaku explained his success at Tekken 3 with Eddy after having struggled playing as other characters: "I won't gild the lily by claiming any sort of thought out strategy. It was definitely button mashing, but I had never had so much fun."

Eddy's hairstyle in Tekken 8 has received some controversy as being "so overused in recent works of fiction in what has become a reductive trope for men of color in the industry."

Cultural impact
In a 2009 interview, professional wrestler Kofi Kingston stated that "guys like Eddy Gordo are very unique characters. When he was introduced into the Tekken series he was the guy everybody was talking about. People knew about Capoeira but they didn't really know what it was all about as far as moves and stuff." He also stated, "I watch a character like Eddy Gordo in 'Tekken' and his capoeira style, and its characters like that that I like to take from because of how they stand out." Fellow pro wrestler MVP called Eddy Gordo one of his favorite video game characters, and attributed his "Malicious Intent" in-ring move to the character, calling it "a variation of one of his spinning kicks." On the track "Struck By a Vehicle" from his 2005 album Retaliation, Dane Cook joked that someone being struck by a car "sends you flipping through the air like Eddy Gordo from Tekken when someone doesn't know how to do combos and they're just hitting the buttons randomly."

title: Eddy Gordo


text:
Christie Monteiro

Christie Monteiro (クリスティ・モンテイロ) is a character in the Tekken video game series of 3D fighting games. A fighter of Brazilian nationality, Christie uses the Brazilian fighting style, capoeira.

She is the granddaughter of a legendary capoeira master who taught Eddy Gordo the art of capoeira in prison. After Eddy Gordo's release, Eddy swears an oath to his master to teach his granddaughter, Christie, the art of capoeira. Becoming a prodigy in only two years, Christie mainly involves herself in The King of Iron Fist Tournaments in search for a cure for her grandfather, who has become sick during his incarceration.

The character has received positive reception from critics and fans, and, along with Eddy, has been credited with popularizing the art of capoeira to a new audience within the larger gamer and martial arts community.

Conception and design
The Tekken 3 development team wanted to include a Capoeira practitioner for the game and turned to the development artists to create the character. It was desired by Masahiro Kimoto, one of the game designers of Tekken 3, that the Capoeira character be female but the artist that was tasked with the character's design deemed the female character too difficult to create and instead created Eddy. After some time, a female Capoeira practitioner in the form of Christie was created for Tekken 4. Originally, she replaced Eddy as the Capoeira representative of the series, while Eddy himself remained selectable as a skin for Christie. However, starting with Tekken 5: Dark Resurrection, Eddy was given back his own character slot, even though both characters still played near-identically.

Appearances
In the Tekken series, Christie is the granddaughter of a legendary capoeira master who is incarcerated in the same prison cell as Eddy Gordo. Eddy is taught the art of capoeira and after his release, his master requests that he seek and teach his granddaughter capoeira. Finding her soon after his return from The King of Iron Fist Tournament 3, Eddy manages to teach Christie to become a capoeira prodigy in only two years. But soon thereafter, Eddy abruptly vanishes, leaving Christie only with the words, "Those responsible for my father's death must pay." Troubled by his sudden and mysterious disappearance, Christie goes looking for him, her only lead being The King of Iron Fist Tournament 4.

Christie is able to reunite with Eddy during or after the tournament, as the two are together to see Christie's grandfather being released from prison. Because of his incarceration, Christie's grandfather has become a frail old man and is diagnosed with a terminal illness that leaves him only six months to live, although a cure might be possible with technology from the Mishima Zaibatsu. Several days later, Christie learns of The King of Iron Fist Tournament 5. She sees it as a chance to save her grandfather, believing that she may be able to find a cure for him if she possessed the advanced technology from the Mishima Zaibatsu. Christie enters the tournament, but she is defeated and goes home to Brazil. Upon her arrival, she finds out that both her grandfather and Eddy are missing. She learns that her grandfather was transferred to the Mishima Zaibatsu's medical facility. In order to find the exact location of her grandfather, Christie enters The King of Iron Fist Tournament 6. In her and Eddy's epilogues, Christie finds that her grandfather is dead. She breaks down in tears over his grave, and Eddy, who was the one responsible for transferring her grandfather so he could be cured from funds he received by working with Mishima Zaibatsu, drops his Mishima Zaibatsu emblem to the ground, breaking it slightly.

Christie also makes appearances as a playable character in the non-canon Tekken games Tekken Tag Tournament 2 and Tekken Revolution, as well as Street Fighter X Tekken via DLC released in July 2012, with her official tag partner, Lei Wulong.

In the 2009 film Tekken, Christie is portrayed by American actress Kelly Overton. This version of Christie is a mixed martial artist instead of a capoeira fighter, has no relationship with Eddy Gordo, and is a love interest of Jin Kazama.

Promotion and reception
A model portrayed Christie in the "Tekken Maxim Photoshoot" gallery in Maxim. Kotobukiya released a 1/7 scale (9.8 inches tall) Christie action figure in January 2012 as part of their Tekken Tag Tournament 2 storyline; she is seen in a dance-like posture and in her usual Tekken costume, except her pants are turned into chaps with her panties clearly visible.

The character has received reception from gaming media as one of the "hottest" women in video games. Aubrey Sitterson of UGO Networks placed Christie fourteenth on his 2011 list of "Fighting Games' Finest Female Fighters": "In addition to being totally foxy, something about the idea of a lady Brazilian Capoeira expert just totally clicks for us." Kevin Wong of Complex commented in 2013: "With big eyes and an even bigger...um...smile, Christie has our immediate attention." Maxim said of the character in 2010, "Replacing the previous lone Capoeira-style character, Eddy Gordo, Christie has quickly made herself a popular Tekken fighter." Tom Loftus of NBCNews.com said in his 2005 review of Tekken 5, "Who can resist Christie Monteiro, a Brazilian capoeira expert with a fashion preference for tie-dye?"

However, Christie has been criticized for other factors such as her gameplay mechanics, characterization, and visual appearance in the 2009 Tekken feature film. USGamer's Samantha Leichtamer named her one of the "10 Lamest Video Game Characters of All Time", in that "button mashers and scrubs far and wide finally had a shot to enter the fighting game arena." GamesRadar said in 2002, "[Eddy] Gordo replacement Christie was promising, but below her purple-sequinned exterior she's the same old button-masher's delight with two new victory poses and a few different throws." Jeremy Dunham of IGN commented in his review of Tekken 5, "I'm particularly jazzed that Namco finally toned down newbie 'mash bastards' like Christie Monteiro". She was featured in a "Gaming's Most Inappropriate Outfits Ever" feature by NowGamer in 2010: "Cheapness aside, we can’t get our head around how Christie’s top manages to stay on as she spins and rolls about like Sonic the Hedgehog on speed." In 2012, the "insufferable" Christie was listed as one of the "most ridiculous" Tekken characters by Writtin King of Game Informer: "I don't know why Christie thought joining (and inevitably losing) a fighting tournament would save her sick grandpa." Brent McKnight of PopMatters described Christie in the 2009 Tekken film as the "forced love interest" of main character Jin Kazama.

In the Portuguese study Além de monstros e capoeiristas: a representação brasileira nos jogos de luta, the authors examined Christie's "hypersexualized" nature, and because of this, criticized her primary outfit as "poorly designed," unfavorably comparing it to Eddy's costume.

title: Christie Monteiro


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Toxic capacity

Toxic capacity can mean the toxicity of a substance, possibly in relation to a specific organism and toxic capacity can mean the capacity of an organism, organic system or ecosystem to contain a toxic substance or a selection of toxic substances (a compound) without showing signs of poisoning or dying.

Toxic capacity among humans, children
Generally people with less mass have a lower toxic capacity than people with larger mass. In particular, children (who have lower mass compared to an adult) are more vulnerable to toxic effects of compounds. The compounds do not have to be poisons but could be medications as well, which is why children's dosages are almost always less than those of an adult, and the overdose danger higher for children.

title: Toxic capacity


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Talk:Ricardo Lagos

Untitled
Lagos is socialist and member of the party for the democracy (is double-militant) and the ideologies of the partys now are socialdemocrat and socioliberal.

Dubiously true
There is not a single negative thing in the whole article about Lagos. All great praise.
 * I think that's a fair point, however he has been a very popular president with approval ratings around the 70% mark in recent years. My impression is that a lot of people who voted against him in the 2000 presidential election would freely admit that he has been a very effective president -- even Lavín himself. I'm sure something could be added to give a little balance although nothing comes to mind just now --GringoInChile 17:20, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Pehaps that he was unable to narrow the income gap between rich and poor, which was, after all, his campaign slogan ("Growth in equality"). —Cantus… ☎   07:50, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Here is some criticism regarding Lagos' stance on the environment.

 * id hardly say that EMOL is a good source for Lagos, considering that it is from El Mercurio, a journal that has long been in the hands of the rightist oposition (as it even got monetary support from the CIA in 1973), El Mercurio has for a long time been against all the things Lagos has done, this has been so much that the president himself sent a letter to El Mercurio, a letter that was taken very seriously. Lagos has been, in fact, a very good president, he is a great speaker and the results of his administration are there for us to look at. In a way, the oposition only has 2 things that Lagos couldnt accomplish, wich are delinquency and the gap between the rich and the poor (currently a 3.5% of the population gets the 60% of the income, wich means that the other 96.5% of the pupulation have live with the remainning 40%, this comes directly from the dictatorship of Pinochet). His slogan "crecer con igualdad", has in a way been accomplished, as numerous families have for the first time a family member going to university, somthing that never happened before. Lagos has bad points of course, to begin with, most of his administration is made up by socialists that are sons of mayor political geniouses (such as the old minister puccio, who was a political genious working for Allende, the new minister puccio, his son... well, he is not more stupid mainly because he doesnt get up earlier in the morning), the health issue was not "socialised" as many of the true socialists expected (the AUGE is a good plan, but its not as good as what Cuba has done with their medicine, for example), the education was also not "socialised", for the middle class it is somewhat a struggle to be in university, while for the lower class or the rich class is not really any struggle. While Lagos won narrowly, if elections were held again today, Lagos would win by a crushing mayority, the fact that Lavin was a horrible mayor for santiago would further push that result.

 * I personally think Lavín was a great mayor and I will vote for him on the upcoming elections. Despite the fact that Lagos was indeed a good president, he was clearly not a saint. El Mercurio's article is legitimate and the fact that not all are satisified with Lagos' stance on the environment should be metioned, your point of view notwithstanding. 200.119.238.45 21:48, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Completely agree with the subject, In wikipedia particularly, we should try to keep an Impartial position when writing article, it's supposed to give a wide perception of the Character (Lagos in this case), not just a Auto-Biographical point of view like the present article...

I'll try to write a new one and fix some of the problems...

Keep Wikipedia Runnign!! Regards Rkr2!

Deletion
WHY HAS THIS ARTICLE BEEN DELETED??!!!

Awkward statement
I think the following statement is very awkward and possibly misleading: "After obtaining his Ph.D. in the U.S., he annulled this marriage."

Why are these two points sandwiched together in one sentence? They are completely different facts that bear no relation to one another.

The meaning seems to be that he annulled his marriage BECAUSE he got his Ph.D. (and therefore had no further use for his wife), not that the two events occurred in chronological order.

I think this sentence represensts sloppy representation on wiki's part.

Furthermore, while reading the wikipedia entry on the 2005 Chilean election, it is glaring that the two female candidates received far more than the other male candidates combined. I truly feel that there is a pro-female bias here on wiki, and the sentence I included above would never have been attributed to a female, due to the popular and much cherished myth that women could not be capable of such a heartless act. (Anonymous)
 * Two female candidates at the 2005 election??? ☆ CieloEstrellado 01:57, 13 May 2009 (UTC)

First?
I found this: "He was Chile's first agnostic president." I doubt that it's true. What about Allende? What about the radical presidents in the 40's? DaniloVilicic 03:36, 28 October 2007 (UTC)DaniloVilicic
 * Finally I deleted that statement. The first recognized agnostic presidents of Chile were the radicals. --DaniloVilicic (talk) 19:10, 25 March 2009 (UTC)

Published Books
The Southern Tiger by Ricardo Lagos — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.107.243.234 (talk) 21:10, 26 February 2012 (UTC)

Imprisoned?
Was Lagos imprisoned at the time of the coup? 128.148.231.12 (talk) 14:43, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Retrato Oficial de Ricardo Lagos 2.png

social democrat?
nominally perhap he is, but judging by his actions he might as well be dubbed a neoliberal. perhaps not mentioning the ideology in the first line of the article is best, in order to remain neutral? also, I concurr with the editor that finds it suspicious that the article is nothing but praise: at the very lease a 'criticisms' section is in order? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.101.167.248 (talk) 16:47, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ricardo Lagos


text:
Atmel AVR instruction set

The Atmel AVR instruction set is the machine language for the Atmel AVR, a modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC single chip microcontroller which was developed by Atmel in 1996. The AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program storage.

Processor registers
There are 32 general-purpose 8-bit registers, R0–R31. All arithmetic and logic operations operate on those registers; only load and store instructions access RAM.

A limited number of instructions operate on 16-bit register pairs. The lower-numbered register of the pair holds the least significant bits and must be even-numbered. The last three register pairs are used as pointer registers for memory addressing. They are known as X (R27:R26), Y (R29:R28) and Z (R31:R30). Postincrement and predecrement addressing modes are supported on all three. Y and Z also support a six-bit positive displacement.

Instructions which allow an immediate value are limited to registers R16–R31 (8-bit operations) or to register pairs R25:R24–R31:R30 (16-bit operations ADIW and SBIW). Some variants of the MUL operation are limited to eight registers, R16 through R23.

Special purpose registers
In addition to these 32 general-purpose registers, the CPU has a few special-purpose registers:
 * PC: 16- or 22-bit program counter
 * SP: 8- or 16-bit stack pointer
 * SREG: 8-bit status register
 * RAMPX, RAMPY, RAMPZ, RAMPD and EIND: 8-bit segment registers that are prepended to 16-bit addresses in order to form 24-bit addresses; only available in parts with large address spaces.

Status register
The status register bits are:
 * 1) C Carry flag. This is a borrow flag on subtracts. The   and   instructions do not modify the carry flag, so they may be used to loop over multi-byte arithmetic operations.
 * 2) Z Zero flag. Set to 1 when an arithmetic result is zero.
 * 3) N Negative flag. Set to a copy of the most significant bit of an arithmetic result.
 * 4) V Overflow flag. Set in case of two's complement overflow.
 * 5) S Sign flag. Unique to AVR, this is always N⊕V, and shows the true sign of a comparison.
 * 6) H Half-carry flag. This is an internal carry from additions and is used to support BCD arithmetic.
 * 7) T Bit copy. Special bit load and bit store instructions use this bit.
 * 8) I Interrupt flag. Set when interrupts are enabled.

Addressing
The following address spaces are available:
 * The general purpose registers are addressed by their numbers (0–31), although the full 5-bit number is not stored in instructions that can only operate on a subset of those registers.
 * I/O registers have a dedicated 6-bit address space, the lower half of which is bit-addressable; some parts have I/O registers outside this address space, which are called "extended I/O" and are only accessible as memory-mapped I/O in the data address space.
 * The data address space maps the 32 general-purpose registers, all the I/O registers (including those also accessible through the I/O address space), and the RAM; it can be addressed either directly or indirectly through the X, Y and Z pointer registers, prepended if necessary by RAMPX, RAMPY and RAMPZ respectively.
 * Program memory (flash) has a separate address space, addressed as 16-bit words for the purpose of fetching instructions
 * For the purpose of fetching constant data, program memory is addressed bytewise through the Z pointer register, prepended if necessary by RAMPZ.
 * The EEPROM is memory-mapped in some devices; in others, it is not directly addressable and is instead accessed through address, data and control I/O registers.
 * The general purpose registers, the status register and some I/O registers are bit-addressable, with bit 0 being the least significant and bit 7 the most significant.

The first 64 I/O registers are accessible through both the I/O and the data address space. They have therefore two different addresses. These are usually written as "0x00 (0x20)" through "0x3F (0x5F)", where the first item is the I/O address and the second, in parentheses, the data address.

The special-purpose CPU registers, with the exception of PC, can be accessed as I/O registers. Some registers (RAMPX, RAMPY) may not be present on machines with less than 64 KiB of addressable memory.

A typical ATmega memory map may look like:

where RAMEND is the last RAM address. In parts lacking extended I/O the RAM would start at 0x0060.

Instruction timing
Arithmetic operations work on registers R0–R31 but not directly on RAM and take one clock cycle, except for multiplication and word-wide addition (ADIW and SBIW) which take two cycles.

RAM and I/O space can be accessed only by copying to or from registers. Indirect access (including optional postincrement, predecrement or constant displacement) is possible through registers X, Y, and Z. All accesses to RAM takes two clock cycles. Moving between registers and I/O is one cycle. Moving eight or sixteen bit data between registers or constant to register is also one cycle. Reading program memory (LPM) takes three cycles.

Instruction list
Instructions are one 16-bit long word, save for those including a 16-bit or 22-bit address, which take two words.

There are two types of conditional branches: jumps to address and skips. Conditional branches (BRxx) can test an ALU flag and jump to specified address. Skips (SBxx) test an arbitrary bit in a register or I/O and skip the next instruction if the test was true.

In the following:
 * Rd and Rr are registers in the range R0–R31
 * Rdh and Rrh are registers in the range R16–R31 (high half)
 * Rdq and Rrq are registers in the range R16–R23 (one quarter of the register file)
 * Rp is a register pair R25:R24, R27:R26 (X), R29:R28 (Y) or R31:R30 (Z)
 * XYZ is a pointer register, either X or Y or Z
 * YZ is a pointer register, either Y or Z
 * s is a bit number in the status register (0 = C, 1 = Z, etc., see the list above)
 * b is a bit number in a general-purpose or I/O register (0 = least significant, 7 = most significant)
 * K6 is a 6-bit immediate unsigned constant (range: 0–63)
 * K8 is an 8-bit immediate constant; since it is used only in 8-bit operations, its signedness is irrelevant
 * IO5 is a 5-bit I/O address covering the bit-addressable part of the I/O address space, i.e. the lower half (range: 0–31)
 * IO6 is a 6-bit I/O address covering the full I/O address space (range: 0–63)
 * D16 is a 16-bit data address covering 64 KiB; in parts with more than 64 KiB data space, the contents of the RAMPD segment register is prepended
 * P22 is a 22-bit program address covering 222 16-bit words (i.e. 8 MiB)
 * S7 and S12 are 7-bit and 12-bit signed displacements, in units of words, relative to the program address stored in the program counter

Instruction set inheritance
Not all instructions are implemented in all Atmel AVR controllers. This is the case of the instructions performing multiplications, extended loads/jumps/calls, long jumps, and power control.

The optional instructions may be grouped into three categories: While higher-end processors tend to have both more capable cores and more memory, the presence of one does not guarantee the presence of the other.
 * core cpu (computation) features, added on more capable CPU cores
 * memory addressing features, added on all models with memory large enough to require them
 * optional features, a few peripherals that may or may not be present on a particular model.

Core CPU instructions
Beginning with the original "classic" core, enhancements are organized into the following levels, each of which includes all the preceding:
 * 1) The "Classic" core has only the zero-operand form of the   instruction, which is equivalent to.
 * 2) "Classic plus" adds the   instruction for moving register pairs, and the more general form of the LPM instruction (  and  ) which permit an arbitrary destination register and auto-increment of the Z pointer.
 * 3) "Enhanced" cores add the multiply instructions.
 * 4) The XMEGA cores do not add new instructions per se, but make some significant changes:
 * 5) * The memory map is reorganized, eliminating memory-mapping of the processor register file (so I/O ports begin at RAM address 0) and expanding the I/O port range. Now the first 4K is special function registers, the second 4K is data flash, and normal RAM begins at 8K.
 * 6) * It is not necessary to explicitly disable interrupts before adjusting the stack pointer registers (SPL and SPH); any write to SPL automatically disables interrupts for 4 clock cycles to give time for SPH to be updated.
 * 7) * Other multi-byte registers are provided with shadow registers to enable atomic read and write. When the lowest-order byte is read, the higher-order bytes are copied to the shadow registers, so reading them later produces a snapshot of the register at the time of the first read.  Writes to low-order bytes are buffered until the highest-order byte is written, upon which the entire multi-byte register is updated atomically.
 * 8) Later XMEGA cores (specifically, the B, C, and AU models such as the ATxmega16A4U, but not the earlier A, D and E models such as the ATxmega16D4) add four atomic read-modify-write instructions: exchange, load-and-set, load-and-clear, and load-and-toggle.  These help coordinate with direct memory access peripherals, notably a USB controller.

Less capable than the "classic" CPU cores are two subsets: the "AVR1" core, and the "AVR tiny". Confusingly, "ATtiny" branded processors have a variety of cores, including AVR1 (ATtiny11, ATtiny28), classic (ATtiny22, ATtiny26), classic+ (ATtiny24) and AVRtiny (ATtiny20, ATtiny40).

The AVR1 subset was not popular and no new models have been introduced since 2000. It omits all RAM except for the 32 registers mapped at address 0–31 and the I/O ports at addresses 32–95. The stack is replaced by a 3-level hardware stack, and the  and   instructions are deleted. All 16-bit operations are deleted, as are,  , and all load and store addressing modes except indirect via Z.

A second, more successful attempt to subset the AVR instruction set is the "AVR tiny" core.

The most significant change is that the AVRtiny core omits registers R0–R15. The registers are also not memory-mapped, with I/O ports from 0–63 and general-purpose RAM beginning at address 64. The 16-bit arithmetic operations are omitted, as are the load/store with displacement addressing modes, but the predecrement and postincrement addressing modes are retained. The  instruction is omitted; instead program ROM is mapped to the data address space and may be accessed with normal load instructions.

Finally, the AVRtiny core deletes the 2-word  and   instructions for direct RAM addressing, and instead uses the opcode space previously assigned to the load/store with displacement instructions for new 1-word   and   instructions which can access the first 128 locations of general-purpose RAM, addresses 0x40 to 0xBF. (The  and   instructions provide direct access to I/O space from 0 to 0x3F.)

Memory addressing instructions
The smallest cores have ≤256 bytes of data address space (meaning ≤128 bytes of RAM after I/O ports and other reserved addresses are removed) and ≤8192 bytes (8 KiB) of program ROM. These have only an 8-bit stack pointer (in SPL), and only support the 12-bit relative jump/call instructions /. (Because the AVR program counter counts 16-bit words, not bytes, a 12-bit offset is sufficient to address 213 bytes of ROM.)

Additional memory addressing capabilities are present as required to access available resources:
 * 1) Models with >256 bytes of data address space (≥256 bytes of RAM) have a 16-bit stack pointer, with the high half in the SPH register.
 * 2) Models with >8 KiB of ROM add the 2-word (22-bit)   and   instructions.  (Some early models suffer an erratum if a skip instruction is followed by a 2-word instruction.)
 * 3) Models with >64 KiB of ROM add the   instruction and corresponding RAMPZ register.    instructions zero-extend the ROM address in Z;   instructions prepend the RAMPZ register for high bits.  This is not the same thing as the more general   instruction; there exist "classic" models with only the zero-operand form of   (ATmega103 and at43usb320).  When auto-increment is available (most models), it updates the entire 24-bit address including RAMPZ.
 * 4) (Rare) models with >128 KiB of ROM have a 3-byte program counter.  Subroutine calls and returns use an additional byte of stack space, there is a new EIND register to provide additional high bits for indirect jumps and calls, and there are new extended instructions   and   which use EIND:Z as the destination address.  (The previous   and   instructions use zero-extended Z.)
 * 5) (Rare) models with >64 KiB of RAM address space extend the 16-bit RAM addressing limits with RAMPX, RAMPY, RAMPZ and RAMPD registers.  These provide additional high bits for addressing modes which use the X, Y, or Z register pairs, respectively, or the direct addressing instructions  / .  Unlike ROM access, there are no distinct "extended" instructions; instead the RAMP registers are used unconditionally.

Optional feature instructions
Three instructions are present only on models which have the corresponding hardware facility
 * for storing to flash ROM, is present only on processors with flash ROM (most of them)
 * for invoking the on-chip debugger, is omitted on some small models without on-chip debugger support
 * for performing Data Encryption Standard rounds, is present on XMEGA models with DES accelerator support

Architectures other than AVR1 are named according to avr-libc conventions.

Reduced register set is limited to R16 through R31.

Instruction encoding
Bit assignments:
 * rrrrr = Source register
 * rrrr = Source register (R16–R31)
 * rrr = Source register (R16–R23)
 * RRRR = Source register pair (R1:R0–R31:R30)
 * ddddd = Destination register
 * dddd = Destination register (R16–R31)
 * ddd = Destination register (R16–R23)
 * DDDD = Destination register pair (R1:R0–R31:R30)
 * pp = Register pair, W, X, Y or Z
 * y = Y/Z register pair bit (0=Z, 1=Y)
 * u = FMUL(S(U)) signed with 0=signed or 1=unsigned
 * s = Store/load bit (0=load, 1=store)
 * c = Call/jump (0=jump, 1=call)
 * cy = With carry (0=without carry, 1=with carry)
 * e = Extend indirect jump/call address with EIND (0=0:Z, 1=EIND:Z)
 * q = Extend program memory address with RAMPZ (0=0:Z, 1=RAMPZ:Z)
 * aaaaaa = I/O space address
 * aaaaa = I/O space address (first 32 only)
 * bbb = Bit number (0–7)
 * B = Bit value (0 or 1)
 * kkkk = 4-bit unsigned constant (DES opcode)
 * kkkkkk = 6-bit unsigned constant
 * KKKKKKKK = 8-bit constant

The Atmel AVR uses many split fields, where bits are not contiguous in the instruction word. The load/store with offset instructions are the most extreme example where a 6-bit offset is broken into three pieces.

title: Atmel AVR instruction set


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gee Willickers!

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 20:21, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Gee Willickers!
Delete. Non-encyclopedic. Feco 00:31, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Already moved to sub-entry under Gee in Wiktionary. delete. Also, could someone instruct me as to proper transwikification? I can't understand transwiki. thanks. DDerby 00:52, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It's not terribly complicated, just labour-intensive.
 * The transwikied article's talk page must include the original article's edit history (for preference, properly marked up).
 * The transwiki logs at both the source and destination projects must record the move.
 * But I note that you haven't actually transwikied anything. You've just made a redlink in gee.  I'm half sure that that's enough.  There's pretty much nothing to salvage from this article — no etymology, no usage notes, no citations — that makes transwikification worth doing.  Let the redlink at Wiktionary turn blue naturally.  Similarly, the only thing to merge into List of euphemisms is the article's actual title, which appears to be a (common) mis-spelling in any case.  Redirect, at most. Uncle G 17:02, 2005 Apr 11 (UTC)
 * Delete Pavel Vozenilek 01:02, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unencyclopedic. Zzyzx11 | Talk 01:04, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into List of euphemisms, I guess. — RJH 03:21, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to List of euphemisms as RJH suggested above. --Fuzzball! (talk) 04:09, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, trivial, not encyclopaedic. Megan1967 06:11, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge, if not already done, with List of euphemisms.--Irishpunktom\talk 13:35, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Just delete. This page was created as a joke: http://essentiallyunremarkable.blogspot.com/2005/04/to-understand-recursion-you-must-first.html

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.