text:
Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Irate/Evidence

Anyone, whether directly involved or not, may add evidence to this page. Please make a header for your evidence and sign your comments with your name.

When placing evidence here, please be considerate of the arbitrators and be concise. Long, rambling, or stream-of-conciousness rants are not helpful.

As such, it is extremely important that you use the prescribed format. Submitted evidence should include a link to the actual page diff; links to the page itself are not sufficient. For example, to cite the edit by Mennonot to the article Anomalous phenomenon adding a link to Hundredth Monkey use this form:.

This page is not for general discussion - for that, see talk page.

Please make a section for your evidence and add evidence only in your own section. Please limit your evidence to a maximum 1000 words and 100 diffs, a much shorter, concise presentation is more likely to be effective. Please focus on the issues raised in the complaint and answer and on diffs which illustrate behavior which relates to the issues.

If you disagree with some evidence you see here, please cite the evidence in your own section and provide counter-evidence, or an explanation of why the evidence is misleading. Do not edit within the evidence section of any other user.

Be aware that the Arbitrators may at times rework this page to try to make it more coherent. If you are a participant in the case or a third party, please don't try to refactor the page, let the Arbitrators do it. If you object to evidence which is inserted by other participants or third parties please cite the evidence and voice your objections within your own section of the page. It is especially important to not remove evidence presented by others. If something is put in the wrong place, please leave it for the arbitrators to move.

Evidence compiled from User:Smoddy/Irate
See the talk page for the people that compiled this list.

Irate's talk page
Irate's talk page (history)
 * calling 198 an "idiot" & "childish".
 * calling 198 a "pompous oaf".
 * calling 198 a "fool".
 * deletes the entire conversation with 198 with the personal attacks. (Though, to be fair, he did delete the entire page immediately afterwards, so this can probably be ignored)
 * deleting something mildly critical, and calling it vandalism
 * telling Sannse to "get lost" because he threatened to block him over 3RR
 * telling Cool Hand Luke that he is reporting him for abuse of sysop powers re 3RR
 * refusing to talk to CHL rather than file RFC
 * ,, ,  and  deleting things slightly critical of him.
 * and labelling Dr Zen a vandal
 * calling Curps a "crtin" (sic)
 * calls Curps "mad"
 * describes Juppiter as being "far up your own arse"
 * calls Smoddy a "paternalistic moron"
 * calling a request by Matt Crypto not to make personal attacks a personal attack
 * calls Matt Crypto "condescending and patronising"
 * calls Violetriga "Vile Trigger"

Against Jayjg
Insults toward User:Jayjg: "ignorant", "arrogant", "snide little gob shite", "manipulative", "without any value", "spoilt brat",  "dishonest",  "dishonest and manipulative",  "unpleasant toerag",  "self-righteous prig",  "self-serving",  "apparatchik",  "bigoted", "biased", "hiding foul ideas behind pleasant words", "dishonest and manipulative",
 * User:Jfdwolff's request Re: Jayjg VfD "Yeah, he had a little poke somewhere else..."  Other users elaborate, but Irate makes several more insults against Jayjg until the topic culminates in this state.
 * When confronted by Jayjg with the statement that he has insulted Jayjg, responds "And what were those things, or is this just another example of you blowing things up to hise your racism?"  When provided with evidence, insists that "It can only be considered abuse if it's not true. You original message on this page, validates several of my complaints and you last message validates some more."

Smoddy's talk page
User talk:Smoddy
 * Describing Smoddy as "Shit for brains"

Template talk:In the news
argument with Violet/Riga et al
 * ,, , , , , name calling again: "Vile Riga" is dishonest, arrogant and lacks integrity and sense
 * , accusations of vandalism and destroying context after attempts to move the discussion away from that talk page and to user talk pages
 * , accusations of admins abusing their powers and threats to come back under different ID/IPs

Vacuum's user page
Attacks against User:Vacuum. Irate added, "This user is a dishonest editor who does not care about votes or democracy. Noone should take anything they do at face value" to user's page three times. When Vacuum asked why he was a vandal, Irate ignored the question by deleting queries. "remove junk." Irate has to date never edited Vacuum's talk page.

Irate also refused mediation with user.

The clitoris article
and it's
 * Revert wars and accusations ("Mr. Integrity-free")

Cool Hand Luke made a talk request about not insulting users on Clitoris User replied by deleting "retard comment"  and making personal attack on user's talk page.

Reverted Clitoris 11 times in 18 hours, 18 minutes while ignoring talk page remarks. Was blocked at 17:06, 2 Dec 2004, but unblocked 23:29 becasue User:Anthony DiPierro was not blocked for his four reverts, and at least one admin (Theresa knott) didn't feel this was treating all parties equally.
 * First revert, 20:37, 1 Dec 2004, , , , , , , , , , . Last revert 13:55, 2 Dec 2004

Other revert wars
Argument with about Liverpool categories, reverting many articles without full discussion:
 * All edits 11:20, 6 Apr 2005 – 12:11, 6 Apr 2005
 * All edits 18:54, 6 Apr 2005 – 20:28, 6 Apr 2005
 * Responding to Solipsist (an outsider trying to help) "I dont give a fuck about Wikiquette"
 * Talking about a problem with an anon: "the same kind of fuck you arrogance"
 * "I will be reverting all his stuff soon"

3rd of April 2005 spree
3 April 2005 spree (all contributions between 12:35 and 14:34 on 3 April 2005):
 * Removing polite requests for him to comment at the RFC against him, calling people "liar" and "scum"
 * Vandalism of a user page, repeatedly placing deletion tags on User:Violetriga    and creating Votes for deletion/Violetriga (and subsequently 3RR'd there) and User talk:Irate/sumtalk: "This user is a dishonest and manipulative peice of scum and should be purged from the system"
 * Similar vandalism of a second user page (User:Calton)  and creation of Votes for deletion/Calton
 * Posts at WP:AN/I including name-calling and accusations

Abuse of user pages
As well as the 3rd of April user page VFDs...

 * On User:Jayjg 21:21, 22 September 2004 –

Attempts at an RfC
There has been a request for comment filed against Irate, which, despite notice and requests for a response Irate has not responded to.

6 April

 * Starting at 11:20
 * Anonymous user 82.35.37.118 had modified the categorisation of articles relating to the city of Liverpool, which Jirate had contributed to, in order to standardise them to the system used by other British cities and counties. Jirate disagreed with the system and asked 82.* to explain why he was editing .  Jirate immediately reverted all of 82.*'s edits with the edit summary "vandalism", without providing evidence that 82.* acted in bad faith, or waiting for a reply from 82.* .  After 82.* had replied explaining that (s)he was standardising the categorisation system Jirate failed to keep his cool and continued to revert articles with the summary "vandalism".

 * 20:20
 * When administrators rejected Jirate's claim that 82.* was a vandal and removed his listing from the noticeboard, Jirate reverted edits with personal attacks.

7 April

 * Starting at 17:07
 * Jirate edited 82.*'s user page to add an accusation that the user is "not trustworthy", which I blanked under the policy of no personal attacks. On my user talk page Jirate then accused me of implicitly attacking him and vandalism by blanking his edit, and then continued to add his accusation to 82.*'s user page throughout the evening despite blanking and requests to stop by several users including myself .  On Jirate's talk page I asked Jirate to stay calm and engage in dialogue over the original issue of categorisation, to which Jirate responded by accusing me of supporting vandalism, and describing my request to follow the rules as a personal attack.

 * 20:00
 * After discussing how to resolve the dispute in #wikipedia user:Ugen64 reiterated the call to stay calm and engage in dialogue. In deleting all comments on the matter from his talk page, Jirate described the edits as "vandalism by scum".

 * From 20:17
 * Rather than engage in dialogue Jirate created RfCs against those who had asked him to stick to the rules.

Personal attacks

 * 8 Apr 2005
 * 11:16: Irate makes a statement on the main page of this RfC . This consists of:
 * valid questions to the ArbCom (points 1, 2 and 3)
 * A borderline personal attack on the arbcom members (6)
 * definate personal attacks on the arcom members (4,7)
 * a question to the arbcom/threat against two users Snowspinner and Violet/riga (5). I am assuming good faith and presuming that this contains a typo and not a personal attack against Violet/riga.
 * Comment by User:Matt Crypto: Good stuff for assuming good faith, but I'm afraid it's not merited here. Irate has persistently and consistently misspelled "Violet/riga" as "Vile triga", even when it has been pointed out to him that this constitutes a personal attack. — Matt Crypto 19:30, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * A witty and amusing one, but still... violet/riga (t) 22:29, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Refusal to communicate

 * 8 April 2005
 * 12:29: Snowpsinner comments on Irate's talk page that he has formated the RfCs correctly (see that page for context) and politely explains that if nobody else certifys them that they have failed and relisting them in that circumstance would be "unwise".
 * 12:31: Irate removes Snowspinner's comments with the edit summary: remove comments from some who should be blocked
 * 12:42: Snowspinner comments on Irate's talk page that "Although it's certainly your right, I encourage you not to delete comments from people you disagree with from your talk page. It makes it seem like you are uninterested in discussion or consensus. Instead, you should assume good faith. Snowspinner 12:42, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)" in a new section entitled "comment removal".
 * 12:44: Irate removes Snowspinner's section with the edit summary: remove more unwanted comments by person that should be banned
 * 12:52: Irate comments on his talk page that "Mail from users who should already be blocked is deleted by antispam unread.--Jirate 12:52, 2005 Apr 8 (UTC)"
 * 13:00: Snowspinner replies: ":Then how am I supposed to make any effort at consensus or reconcilliation? Snowspinner 13:00, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)"
 * 13:02: Irate again removes Snowspinner's comments with the edit summary: remove comments by user who should be banned.
 * 13:26: Snowspinner offers to be Irate's advocate on this case
 * 13:35:Irate removes Snowspinner's comments with the usual edit summary
 * 10 April 2005
 * 17:52:Irate removes another attempt at communication from Snowspinner, 1 minute after he posts it. This time the edit summary is: revrt vandalism [sic].

Removal of injunction

 * 8 Apr 2005
 * 15:22: Irate replaces the temporary injunction at Requests for arbitration/Irate with a message stating that he beleives the injunction is invalid.

Attempts at friendly communication

 * 10 Apr 2005
 * 15:57: Matt Crypto attempts to communicate with Irate on User talk:Irate only to have it removed: "revert vanlism" (sic)
 * 16:03: A second time: "revert vandalism"
 * 16:05: Irate says that any attempted communication "will be removed as vandalism"
 * 16:11: "revert vandlism" (sic)
 * 16:15: A fourth time: "revert vandalism"

Comments mad by Arbcomm

 * Jirate	Yuo own me an explanation
 * Grunt	For what? The Injunction against you?
 * Jirate	Well you still owe it to me.
 * Grunt	Okay, sure.
 * Grunt	How about: Making large number of personal attacks?
 * Grunt	I can get you a large number of diffs if you want them.
 * Grunt	I'm sure the rest of the arbcom is more than happy to oblige, as well.
 * Jirate	What about the people who make them against me like snowspinner and Violet Riga
 * Jirate	No thay have shut up.
 * Grunt	You're more than welcome to provide diffs at the evidence page.
 * Jirate	I want to put RFC in against them an the other liars but you have banned me from that
 * Grunt	You're not helping your cause by engaging in more personal attacks here, you know.
 * Jirate	What personal attack, you have abnned me. I am logging this
 * Grunt	If I were you, I would calm yourself down and maybe take a break for a few days... you might come back with a clearer head and not be inclined to attack everyone in sight.
 * Jirate	That is is a personal attack by you on me. I have asked you questions and you refuse to answer. If I go of and accuse you of being stupid and therefore incapable of dealing with the situation you'll calss that as personall.
 * Jirate	but you proabley don't think yuo attack was.
 * Grunt	What, exactly, am I not answering? And yes, doing what you just said would normally be considered by the community to be an attack.
 * Jirate	Then why isn't you Not calm not clear headed an attack?
 * Grunt	I'm merely stating what I see based on some of the evidence that's been provided in the case.
 * Jirate	So if I say your stupid and say it's based on the evidence of this conversation you will not have a problem?
 * Grunt	The community generally agrees that saying someone is "stupid" cannot be verified by objective fact and would be considered a personal attack.
 * Grunt	If, however, you were to make statement about, say, not taking evidence into account and give objective examples of evidence you don't think is being taken into account, that would not be considered a personal attack.
 * Jirate	If think you'll find that stupid can be verfied far more easily than not being calm or clear headed.
 * Grunt	Actually, it's not.
 * Grunt	And if you'll excuse me, I need to be somewhere else for the next bit.
 * Grunt	I'll be happy to resume this conversation when I return.
 * Jirate	It's not what.

End from alleged arbcommer

 * Irate stated for the record:
 * > You still owe me an explnation.
 * I disagree. But feel free to calculate interest to this alleged debt
 * while you try to collect it.

 * Sean Barrett    | It is a mark of insincerity of purpose to spend
 * sean@epoptic.com | one's time in looking for the sacred Emperor
 * | in the low-class tea-shops. --Ernest Bramah
 * | in the low-class tea-shops. --Ernest Bramah

--Jirate 14:53, 2005 Apr 10 (UTC)

Yet one more

 * Jirate	Your there now you can answer some questions
 * DavidGerard	your case is being discussed by the AC, including your previous IRC conversation with Grunt.
 * Jirate	MEaning you are going to displine grunt?
 * DavidGerard	your case is being discussed by the AC.
 * Jirate	So why did you bing in Grunt?
 * DavidGerard	I'm not going to discuss this with you in irc. Ignoring now.
 * Jirate	I think that is typical of you people, no integrity.

--Jirate 17:56, 2005 Apr 10 (UTC)

More crap I have to put up with
Known Networks 	ChatZilla error 	Connected Networks URL irc://foo/bar 	Not Connected 	Lag URL irc://irc.freenode.net/wikipedia 	Mode 	 	Users Topic URL irc://foo/bar 	Connected via URL irc://foo/bar 	Connected to File 	Progress [INFO]	Channel view for ¿#wikipedia¿ opened. [INFO]	Now logging to . ===	*** Your host is kornbluth.freenode.net[kornbluth.freenode.net/6667], running version dancer-ircd-1.0.35 =-=	User mode for Jirate is now +i -->|	YOU have joined #wikipedia =-=	Topic for #wikipedia is ¿Status: Up. | Check out the new Lucene search engine | Sound/list - help yourself to hundreds of free songs | Microsoft Encarta is going kinda-wiki/almost-wiki - http://spaces.msn.com/members/Encarta/ | Wikipedia officially replaced with http://uncyclopedia.org/ | Uncyclopedia officially replaced with uncycleopedia.org | pie is exactly three, pass it along! ¿ =-=	Topic for #wikipedia was set by avar on 10 April 2005 15:02:03 Sponge	towo: you talking to me? Hemanshu	aha towo	Sponge: Yes. ;) Hemanshu	I wish I could write for Uncyclopedia but turns out I am not that creative :) Hemanshu	or funny towo	http://bash.org/?487185 -->|	spencerw (~spencerw@dpc67142187238.direcpc.com) has joined #wikipedia Hemanshu	http://www.uncyclopedia.org/wiki/Autofellatio is a gem SPUI	http://www.copyright.org.au/pdf/acc/InfoSheets/G023.pdf looks useful |<--	|Supachi| has left irc.freenode.net (Read error: 104 (Connection reset by peer)) Duesentrieb	blankfaze: i'll just leave the WW I pics tagged as unknown/copyrighted for now. Add comments to the desciption pages if you like, maybe someone comes along and as a clearer idea about this. Typically, the image will ne be deleted untill in a feww weeks. SPUI	looks like government stuff before 1955 is pd blankfaze	SPUI: yeah, I'm reading Australia's 1968 Copyright Act right now Sponge	towo: sorry, when I'm ranting my typing goes ot shit... and you'll note all the letters are there, just spaces get in prematurely. :) -->|	|Supachi| (~Supachikn@supachikn.user) has joined #wikipedia towo	Sponge: Or you double them, and the double letters are seperated by spaces. blankfaze	ahh i hate loading pdfs\ ===	etnoY <~etnoy@227.236.216.81.vs.vf.siwnet.net> ¿Jonathan Fors¿ ===	etnoY: member of #wikipedia ===	etnoY: attached to irc.freenode.net ¿http://freenode.net/¿ ===	etnoY: idle for 1 days, 11 hours, 36 minutes, 58 seconds (on since 06 April 2005 13:34:46) ---	End of WHOIS information for etnoY. Hemanshu	why is it so difficult to be funny when you try to write something funny from scratch? :) Raul654	Pdfs suck Sponge	towo: no... of fmy is off my not of my. Raul654	my compilers professor insists on giving assignments in PDF format blankfaze	Duesentrieb: I think I have good news :-) SPUI	haha, they specifically say that a computer program is pd if the creator died before 1955 towo	Sponge: Indeed. Raul654	I emailed him asking him if, in the future, he could do it in html or text or ANYTHING better Submarine	Raul654, He perhaps typesets them in LaTeX. bish	Hemanshu: write the wiki way, a funny stub that others can add to Raul654	Sub - nope Hemanshu	right Raul654	nothing special in the typesetting Hemanshu	or a serious article people can make funny ;) Raul654	Anyway, I sent him a link here -- http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20030714.html Nigelenki	hey raul Nigelenki	is L2 cache obsolete yet? Raul654	Hi Nigelinski Nigelenki	because like blankfaze	Duesentrieb: This thing I'm looking at says State, Territory, and Commonwealth-owned copyrights expire in Australia 50 years after creation Sponge	never! Raul654	Nigel - Nope Nigelenki	my L2 cache can be accessed at about 4000K/s blankfaze	thanks, SPUI |<--	britty has left irc.freenode.net ("sync;sync;sync;shutdown -h now") Nigelenki	but my main memory can be accessed at like 1100K/s bish	Hemanshu: the stub method is quite inspirational, mine ended up on the Main Page Nigelenki	which is about a quarter of the speed Hemanshu	bish: which one? Duesentrieb	blankfaze: if that's true, just re-tag the images and add a comment about the Autrailan copyright rules. Raul654	The project I am working on, BlueGene, it has about 5 levels of cache Nigelenki	and with a 1600MHz FSB and RIMM2, they should be able to make that main memory as fast or faster as my L2 bish	European toilet paper holder Raul654	erm, not cache, memory |<--	Belial has left irc.freenode.net Hemanshu	k Nigelenki	raul: on the CPU dude Raul654	Right Duesentrieb	blankfaze: It would be good if you could write a short summary on your user page or such and link to it - and post a link to my talk page, too. Nigelenki	but L1 is like 16000K/s, so very fast Nigelenki	but I'm thinking Raul654	The CPUs have cache, and externally they have SRAM and DRAM Raul654	I can't remember how much of each Nigelenki	back in the day, L1 was like a billion times faster than the 16MHz and 33MHz EDO wasn't it? Duesentrieb	blankfaze: We need a place on the commons to collect such info - it's just not there yet, COmmons:License policy is a mess. Raul654	but for a small (75 processor) system, I think it was in the neighborhood of 75 gigs Nigelenki	now it's about 16 times faster Sponge	Nigelenki: access rate isn't measured in b/s it's measured in time or clock cycles... NullC	wee.. the joy of highly nonflat memory arches. blankfaze	Duesentrieb: A summary of what Sponge	Nigelenki: apples and kumquats... Nigelenki	Sponge: b/s is data over time o.o brian0918	raul did you see my new tfa request Raul654	"A supercomputer is a device to turn a computation bound problem into a memory bound problem" Duesentrieb	blankfaze: a summary of what you found out about Australian crown-copyright Sponge	Nigelenki: right, but l1 and l2 are benched in terms of latency... how many cycles to load instructions and retrieve instructions. Duesentrieb	so you can just link to it from the image description pages NullC	Nigelenki: It's more of a matter of latency. Raul654	Brian - yes, galveston hurricane is scheduled for the 24th Nigelenki	Sponge: right, but doesn't L2 get faulted into L1, ratehr than used directly? NullC	And latency very quickly becomes a speed of light in media problem at these clockrates. Raul654	I was already going to schedule it before you made the request -->|	tabot2 (sippeter@adsl-67-119-240-151.dsl.sndg02.pacbell.net) has joined #wikipedia aib	raul654, what's a dupercomputer? Nigelenki	also Raul654	Aib - the source of my funding :) Sponge	Nigelenki: no.. l1 can store instructions and l2 can store variables. blankfaze	Duesentrieb: why not just put it ON the image pages? Nigelenki	entire pages are cached Nigelenki	Sponge: ah tabot2	I need some help with my WinXP box... It seems that I cannot right click the desktop and all the icons have disappeared, when I make a new account on the computer and log in then everything works... How do I fix my main account? Nigelenki	Sponge: normally an entire memory page is put in cache right? NullC	Nigelenki: depends on if the arch uses exclusive caching if data becomes dupled between levels. Sponge	Nigelenki: l2 is also used with the branch predictor too. Nigelenki	yeah Nigelenki	but next question comes to be |<--	TGM has left irc.freenode.net ("Chatzilla 0.9.67 [Firefox 1.0.2/20050317]") Sponge	Nigelenki: no, l1 cache is machine language instructions. Duesentrieb	blankfaze: because you have to repeat it, and i won't find it any more. The point is: best would be to have a central page on the commons to collect such stuff... I'm trying to find one, mompl -->|	benjaming (~benjamin@c-24-10-212-153.hsd1.ut.comcast.net) has joined #wikipedia Nigelenki	Sponge: a page tends to be data or code, not both SPUI	oh sheesh http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wp:ifd#April_10 Raul654	The problem is, supercomputing is about the worst buisness model in the world - other than cray, everyone has gone bankrupt NullC	Sponge: on what arch? lots of arches will gladly store data in l1. Raul654	and cray has never really done great NullC	Many arches have split instruction / data l1s. Nigelenki	Sponge: machine instructions include their data; MOV %eax,3 includes %eax and 3 in the instruction, technically, right? blankfaze	Duesentrieb: um, ok, well tell me where to put it an I shall... Sponge	Nigelenki: technically. NullC	Raul654: well it only does only when they can con th government into shovling money at them... :) Nigelenki	Sponge: then? :) Raul654	NullC - hush. I'm a recipient of that 'conned' money ;) Sponge	Nigelenki: it's not "paged" though... it's whatever fits sequentially. :) Nigelenki	Sponge: I was told though taht processors tend to cache the entire page (normally 4k) when it's faulted into cache NullC	Raul654: I noticed above. :) Nigelenki	Sponge: this isn't true? Raul654	so when I'm around, 'dun trashtalk the people signing my check Raul654	:P NullC	Raul654: It's not a bad thing. :) Sponge	Nigelenki: maybe by the branch predictor, but that'd put it into l2 cache, l1 is for stuff that is 100% definately going to be executed last I checked. Duesentrieb	blankfaze: please put it on Commons:Licensing in a new section ("Australian copyright" or some such) - that page is a mess right now, I hope to clean it up soon. blankfaze	Duesentrieb: it's only two images saved, but eh blankfaze	Duesentrieb: okay Raul654	actually, there was a thread on Wiki-en-l about putting clasified info onto wikipedia Nigelenki	Sponge: yes but single instructions aren't going to be moved back and forth ;) Duesentrieb	blankfaze: think of all the pics to come ;) tabot2	I need some help with my WinXP box... It seems that I cannot right click the desktop and all the icons have disappeared, when I make a new account on the computer and log in then everything works... How do I fix my main account? Nigelenki	Sponge: it's faster to move a block isn't it? Raul654	what I deal with isn't classified (for very good reason - waaaay too many foriegn graduate students to even think about classifying it) Raul654	BUT Raul654	there are things they don't want leaking out Jirate	What a suprise an other integrity free conversation with a member of ArbComm. Sponge	Nigelenki: depends on how wide the pipe it Sponge	s/it/is/ Raul654	the technical docs in particular Nigelenki	Sponge: heh. -->|	jeroenvrp (~jeroenvrp@uptown.xs4all.nl) has joined #wikipedia Raul654	jirate - to whom are you referring? NullC	Raul654: Whats the title of the docs? (so I can FOIA them, ... I paid for them darnit) Jirate	David Gerrard is who Raul654	NullC - it's the technical specs for BlueGene/C; for example, the floating point unit that we're using is the fastest 500 mhz FPU ever designed Raul654	They understandably don't want it leaking out Sponge	Nigelenki: assuming the l1 cache is 64k that's only 16 "pages" at 4k, so cacheing entire pages is wasteful, no? Raul654	But it Nigelenki	Sponge: another consideration is that if you move 1 instruction into L1, then execute it, you've done read from L2, written to L1, executed (read) from L1, and probably written something to L2 Sponge	floating poitn makes my head hurt. :P Raul654	it's not FOIA material - IBM owns the designs OldakQuill	Do we have any information on how we should make graphs look to fit in with Wikipedia? Nigelenki	Sponge: so, why not execute from L2 (read) and probably write back to L2 Raul654	the government paid IBM to build the machine, but the Government doesn't own the design |<--	tabot2 has left irc.freenode.net Sponge	Nigelenki: modern cpus can read l2 and write l1 in one clock cycle. UninvitedCompany	Jirate: David is ordinarily a man of integrety. What happened? Nigelenki	Sponge: I dunno about a whole page, but it's got to be moving more than just a single instruction ;) a loop perhaps would wind up cached in L1 Nigelenki	Sponge: yeas, but htat's still RW,X Sponge	Nigelenki: but only every other clock or every 4th clock depending on the speed of l2 vs the core. Jirate	I have posted it in the complaint about me in the requests for arbitration. blankfaze	Duesentrieb: Is http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Licensing#Australian_Government_Copyright good? FennecFoxen	Nigelenki: processors these days are quite parallel Nigelenki	fennec: Yeah I know Sponge	l2 cache used to be slower than core by a significant ammount, now it's not so slow, and I'm only "versed" up through the ppro cores. :) Nigelenki	2-4 ALUs? FennecFoxen	they'll do like 30 things at once SPUI	blankfaze, it's quantized to the year -->|	carthik (~carthik@r1.adminz.net) has joined #wikipedia Sponge	where their l2 ran at 1/2 speed. DavidGerard	UninvitedCompany: I'm not sure what I can say publicly since it's a case in progress SPUI	so anything before january 1 1955 Raul654	Btw, that reminds me FennecFoxen	not even just alus Nigelenki	fennec: 30 ALUs? Raul654	Intel announced last month that they are *FINALLY* moving to a multi-core design carthik	Is there a way to see the recent changes from a particular namespace only? Duesentrieb	blankfaze: thanks a lot! FennecFoxen	but they have 30-stage pipelines, that's 30 individual tasks they're doing blankfaze	SPUI: wtf does quantized mean Nigelenki	reactive self-modifying processor microcode? FennecFoxen	decode instruction... SPUI	anything before january 1 1955 NullC	Raul654: Ah. ... Thats a reoccurant lameness.. When I worked for the government we'd occasionally be planning on doing some data gathering that would produce commercially useful data that would benefit the community.... then some company would come around and offer to do this 100k project for us, for just 80k (taking a loss) so that they could hold the copyright and we couldn't redistribute the results.. Raul654	Intel is looking to pack 100 cores into a processor DavidGerard	bish: you should submit European Toilet Paper Holder to uncyclopedia.org SPUI	when it becomes 2006 it'll be 1956 SPUI	but always january 1 DavidGerard	the only difficulty i can see is they're under a different license, so all contributors would need to agree NullC	Raul654: Then when the public wanted the info, they had to go buy it from the company at 10-20k per person. Jirate	So do you Gerrard want to discuss your behaviour here? Raul654	NullC - actually, I'm told (by not the most reliable sources) that IBM actually approached the US government and lobbied for them to start a project of this sorts NullC	Raul654: some of the intel arm network processor chips already have a stupid number of cores in them.. Sponge	Nigelenki: so say your core is running at 100mhz and your l1 is at 100 and l2 is at 25mhz... and ram at 25mhz... Raul654	In other words, they tried to make the government buy something it didn't think it needed... and succeeded in their efforts FennecFoxen	Nigelenki: the idea is that the processor has to do 30 things before it's done with an instruction, so it does each of those things for a different instruction at the same time, as far as possible :) NullC	Raul654: yea, well thats something different, I was off on a tangent.. Lots of big sales happen like that. blankfaze	Duesentrieb: you should mark http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:SenegaleseSoldiersWWI.jpg as copyrighted, or at least unknown Raul654	I know Sponge	to get somethign from ram into l2 it takes 4cpu cycles, then 4 more to get it into l1. Raul654	but then again, it pays my bills Raul654	so I am not going to complain Raul654	also Raul654	the chips we're making will be available to the public bish	DavidGerard, well...it's not mine to submit, you know? NullC	Yea, I'm happy about that sort of thing.. long term it's good.. Raul654	or so I'm told Duesentrieb	blankfaze: heh, i missed that one, thanks :) did you tag the cummings portrait as PD-US already? bish	but I'll take a look at them NullC	Better than a lot of the other stupid ways we allocate funding. Jirate	anything said by any member of the arbcomm via any meaium will be considered public. Sponge	but to get it from l1 to core is one cycle, so you throw 4 cycles worth of stuff into the l1 and execute it while queueing up unloading it and reloading it on the 4th cycle. Raul654	They'll be the fastest multiprocs on the market blankfaze	Duesentrieb: Also, will you please drop me a link on my EN talk page if anything happens to the cummings images? So I can replace them on en? blankfaze	Duesentrieb: yes, i did Raul654	I'm told that Northrop Grumman needs a chip like that for their phased array radar -->|	ChrisCF (~chris@cpc2-cdif4-5-0-cust139.cdif.cable.ntl.com) has joined #wikipedia Raul654	because phasad array telemetry requires processing power of a magnitude not currently available |<--	ircleuser has left irc.freenode.net ("Quit") Sponge	DSP++ NullC	Most phased array stuff just uses time domain FIR implimented directly to fpga or asic, would be weird to see someone doing that large scale with a general purpose chip. Raul654	Right - they're gonna be IBM's second blue gene customer after the US Gov't Sponge	wants an A-D convertor with 50ghz of bandwidth... :) |<--	OliverKeenan has left irc.freenode.net ("leaving") Sponge	hello software radio. :) Raul654	NullC - unless that chip happens to have 150 thread units DavidGerard	bish: uncyclopedia is addictive, particularly to the recovering wikipedian |<--	GhostFreeman has left irc.freenode.net (Remote closed the connection) Submarine	" I'm told (by not the most reliable sources) that IBM actually approached the US government and lobbied for them to start a project of this sorts" bish	DavidGerard: lol, today's Featured article, IKEA: " The name IKEA is actually Swedish for 'Give us your wallet'" Submarine	Are you STILL surprised by the US government being a source of pork barrel subsidies through the DoD? NullC	Sponge: Well you don't need 50ghz of ad bandwidth for that.. just use a conventional pair of 100mhz ones, and a mixer for down conversion. -->|	GhostFreeman (~ghostfree@64.193.66.194) has joined #wikipedia bish	DavidGerard: who's recovering ? :P Sponge	NullC: well, if you can do it efficiently with 500 off the shelf chips, why spend millions developing a 5 piece chipset to do the same work? unless oyu're goign for powe ror size constriants, there's no reason. Raul654	LOL @ Bish Jirate	Come on Gerard you still have questions to answer. -->|	OliverKeenan (~ojk@cavendish.olliekeenan.co.uk) has joined #wikipedia |<--	spencerw has left irc.freenode.net ("Leaving") Sponge	NullC: there's more to the spectrum than HF. ;-) Raul654	Sub - for some thing no, but for this, yes Jirate	You have started a conversation made statments and yet again refuse to explain yourself. Your attitude is clear. NullC	Sponge: yea but if you don't need to see more than 200mhz at a time, then you'll never need more than two 100mhz adcs, an oscilator, and a mixer. Jirate	You are not fit to hold any position in Wikipedia. Sponge	NullC: you need a tuner on the front though... I'm talking hook the input of the DAC to the antenna and the ground to earth. :) bish	any op around? isn't that enough? UninvitedCompany	Jirate: I read the page. I don't understand what your point is. NullC	Sponge: And, as I said.. for phased arrays, you usually mostly need lots of fir taps, and those are cheap to construct in fpga, which is off the shelf. Jirate	Which page. Sponge	NullC: I dream of someday directly reading the antenna into digital. :) =-=	Mode #wikipedia +o Raul654 by ChanServ -->|	Anthere (Anthere@AClermont-Ferrand-251-1-38-130.w81-251.abo.wanadoo.fr) has joined #wikipedia DavidGerard	has jirate on ignore, btw. NullC	Sponge: You can do that already if you don't care about VHF stuff.. SethIlys	hi Anthere =-=	Mode #wikipedia +o bish by Raul654 DavidGerard	it makes for a much nicer environment =-=	Mode #wikipedia -o Raul654 by Raul654 Anthere	hi Seth soufron	on the rocks NullC	Sponge: plus it's silly, a 'tuner' for a complex reciever is nothing more than a mixer.. it's trivial to construct. bish	DavidGerard: that's fine, but I don't (Chatzilla can't manage it) Sponge	NullC: right, but how sensitive are they though? Jirate	Mr Gerard and his lack of integrity and attepts to wind people up have been noted. Sponge	NullC: but a tuner is analog. :) bish	raul, i don't know how Raul654	Jirate - please do not use the channel to insult people blankfaze	holabonjour anthere Raul654	Bish - ah, ok blankfaze	Jirate: go away Raul654	well hold on then, I've asked Jirate to refrain from making personal attacks and ranting in the channel Raul654	if he refrains from them, then let him stay bish	raul, no, i've figgered it! NullC	Sponge: go read up on the subject.. you'll actually get a lot more sensitivity out of two low speed dacs reading a complex downconverted input then you will out of one high speed dac covering DC up. bish	ok Jirate	I am trying to get answers from them and have been insulted by arbcommers on it. I haven't seen a rule which says they are treated spcially, Jirate	Were have I made a personal attack? -->|	silsor (silsor@CPE000b6af06c28-CM000a73a11031.cpe.net.cable.rogers.com) has joined #wikipedia Sponge	NullC: I'm aware of that, but I'm saying that someday the high speed dac will exist to have a single conversion radio from VLF-XHF :) FennecFoxen	Jirate: Your hostility here is not acceptable; you will end up silenced before long at this rate bish	jirate, how about "lack of integrity"? NullC	Sponge: I'm somewhat doubtful, it's very difficult to make parts that work across many octaves.. sannse	*Arbitration annoucement* - the case "Baku Ibne, et al." is now closed - please could an admin see Requests for arbitration/Admin enforcement requested for a blocking request - thank you FennecFoxen	14:10  Mr Gerard and his lack of integrity and attepts to wind people up have been noted. FennecFoxen	that's an attempt to wind people up blankfaze	Jirate: it's not so much that they are treated specially, just that they are very, very respected users who were democratically elected by the community Raul654	smiles at the compliment Jirate	When someone refuses to explain themselves that is a sign of a lack of integrity. Sponge	NullC: at one time it was thought that communication above 14mhz was impossible too. ;-) FennecFoxen	Jirate: The bulk of us are convinced of his integrity and consider your demands friviolous and a waste of time Duesentrieb	blankfaze: thanks for your cooperation! I'm off for now, you can find me on #de.wikipedia and often also on #wikimedia and #mediawiki - chears! NullC	Sponge: well in your case I don't know that anyone is working on addressing your problem, because I don't think it is widely regarded as important. Raul654	Sponge - at one time, people thought that it was humanly impossible to go past the speed of sound blankfaze	Duesentrieb: no problem, thanks for you cooperation <--|	Duesentrieb has left #wikipedia ("ttfn") Sponge	Raul654: or blood would boil over X mph. ;-) SethIlys	At one time, it was thought that accelleration to 35mph would kill people. Raul654	Sponge - in the 1950s, a group of british doctors said that running a sub-4-minute-mile was physically impossible NullC	and they even had steroids in the 1950s.... Jirate	I care about as much about your opinion as you do about mine. Pope^Jillocent^3	Trains would frighten the cows into not giving milk and /or death. Sponge	blames eugenics. :) =-=	Mode #wikipedia +b *!~chatzilla@*.range217-44.btcentralplus.com by bish =-=	Mode #wikipedia +o FennecFoxen by ChanServ Sponge	Pope^Jillocent^3: heh, cowcatchers proved that wrong. ;) =-=	YOU have been booted from #wikipedia by bish (bish) [INFO]	You are banned from this channel. --Jirate 18:20, 2005 Apr 10 (UTC)
 * 1) wikipedia


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Irate/Proposed decision

all proposed

Arbitrators should vote for or against each point or abstain.
 * Only items that receive a majority "support" vote will be passed.
 * Items that receive a majority "oppose" vote will be formally rejected.
 * Items that do not receive a majority "support" or "oppose" vote will be open to possible amendment by any Arbitrator if he so chooses. After the amendment process is complete, the item will be voted on one last time.

Conditional votes for or against and abstentions should be explained by the Arbitrator before or after his/her time-stamped signature. For example, an Arbitrator can state that she/he would only favor a particular remedy based on whether or not another remedy/remedies were passed.

On this case, no Arbitrators are recused and 2 are inactive, so 6 votes are a majority.

Proposed wording to be modified by Arbitrators and then voted on.
 * For all items:

Motions and requests by the parties
Place those on the discussion page.

Proposed temporary injunctions
Four net "support" votes needed to pass (each "oppose" vote subtracts a "support") 24 hours from the first vote is normally the fastest an injunction will be imposed.

1) Enacted: User:Irate is banned from editing Wikipedia for the duration of this case except for the pages User:Irate, User talk:Irate and the arbitration case pages relating to him.

 * Support:
 * sannse (talk) 22:12, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * ➥the Epopt 22:23, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * David Gerard 22:25, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC) Note this injunction does not wait 24 hours, btw.
 * Fred Bauder 22:37, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ambi 22:53, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutralitytalk 01:04, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Grunt 🇪🇺 02:41, 2005 Apr 8 (UTC)

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

=Proposed final decision=

Template
1) {text of proposed principle}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

No personal attacks
1) No personal attacks.

 * Support:
 * Fred Bauder 22:44, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ambi 04:57, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Grunt 🇪🇺 14:55, 2005 Apr 9 (UTC)
 * ➥the Epopt 19:26, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * David Gerard 20:06, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * sannse (talk) 22:57, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutralitytalk 05:45, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * mav 16:57, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

Template
1) {text of proposed finding of fact}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

Personal attacks
1) User Irate has engaged in personal attacks, , , and "Shit for Brains".

 * Support:
 * Fred Bauder 22:54, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ambi 04:57, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Grunt 🇪🇺 14:55, 2005 Apr 9 (UTC)
 * ➥the Epopt 19:26, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * David Gerard 20:06, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * sannse (talk) 22:57, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutralitytalk 05:45, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * mav 16:56, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

Promise to restrain self
2) Since making the above attacks, Irate has stated that he will "undertake to act in a more restrained manner in future."

 * Support:
 * Grunt 🇪🇺 14:56, 2005 Apr 9 (UTC)
 * Yes, he has said that. I don't believe him for a picosecond, but he has said that. ➥the Epopt 19:26, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * David Gerard 20:06, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * sannse (talk) 22:57, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutralitytalk 05:45, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * mav 16:56, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:
 * Not sure where this is Fred Bauder 12:30, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

Failure to restrain self
3) Despite undertaking to act in a more restrained manner in future, Irate has failed to do so.

 * Support:
 * David Gerard 20:06, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * ➥the Epopt 21:04, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * sannse (talk) 22:57, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutralitytalk 05:45, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * mav 16:56, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Fred Bauder 12:30, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

Proposed remedies
Note: All remedies that refer to a period of time, for example to a ban of X months or a revert parole of Y months, are to run concurrently unless otherwise stated.

Suspended personal attack parole
1) If, after the closure of this case, Irate continues to engage in personal attack, the Arbitration Committee may, upon notification of this fact, choose to subject Irate to a personal attack parole of a duration of three months wherein Irate will be temporarily banned for a short period of up to one week if he makes any edits that an administrator judges to be personal attacks.

 * Support:
 * Grunt 🇪🇺 14:59, 2005 Apr 9 (UTC)

 * Oppose:
 * We wouldn't be anywhere near this lenient if it wasn't for the initial promise. If he returns to his old behaviour, then he deserves the full parole. Ambi 15:06, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * He has made no useful contributions and has made many rude demands — I don't accept his parole, and think a stiffer sentence will be required to get his attention ➥the Epopt 19:26, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * David Gerard 20:18, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * IRC conversation has changed my mind. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 22:43, 2005 Apr 10 (UTC)
 * sannse (talk) 22:57, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutralitytalk 05:45, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Fred Bauder 12:30, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * Abstain:

1.1) If, after the closure of this case, Irate continues to engage in personal attacks, the Arbitration Committee may, upon notification of this fact, choose to subject Irate to a personal attack parole of a duration of one year wherein Irate will be temporarily banned for a short period of up to one week if he makes any edits that an administrator judges to be personal attacks.

 * Support:
 * Ambi 15:06, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Grunt 🇪🇺 00:46, 2005 Apr 10 (UTC)
 * David Gerard 20:18, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * sannse (talk) 22:57, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC) I expect that this will be in addition to a ban
 * Neutralitytalk 05:45, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * mav 16:58, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Fred Bauder 12:30, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose:
 * He has made no useful contributions and has made many rude demands — I don't accept his parole, and think a stiffer sentence will be required to get his attention ➥the Epopt 19:26, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Abstain:

Personal attack parole
1.1.1) Irate is placed on personal attack parole for one year.

 * Support:
 * I consider the unfounded allegations of vandalism etc. to be personal attacks, and so vote to activate the personal attack parole. (I agree this does not need a new case, a vote here should be sufficient.) -- sannse (talk) 13:44, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I am very concerned about the abuse of the rfc proccess. RFCs are not there to use as a tool to whack someone over the head with just because you don't like something they did. It says at the top of the RFC page that "at least two people need to show that they tried to resolve a dispute with this user and have failed." Starting an rfc that is bound to fail is simply a way of making a personal attack. I vote to activate the personal attack parole. Theresa Knott (a tenth stroke) 14:31, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with both Sannse and Theresa -- activate the parole. →Raul654 16:29, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Yep. - David Gerard 17:03, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Fred Bauder 17:35, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Concur ➥the Epopt 19:18, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Ban
2) Irate's pattern of personal attacks and assumptions of widespread bad faith and his return to such are unlikely to change in the near future. As such, he is banned from editing for three months. Any personal attack parole starts at the end of the ban.

 * Support:
 * David Gerard 20:18, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC) Third choice, if 2.1 or 2.2 don't pass. First choice, to avoid crossing the streams. David Gerard 22:59, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Third choice. ➥the Epopt 21:06, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * sannse (talk) 22:57, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC) first choice
 * Second choice. Neutralitytalk 05:45, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * mav 17:01, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Fred Bauder 12:30, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:
 * I need to give this idea more consideration. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 22:43, 2005 Apr 10 (UTC)

2.1) Irate's pattern of personal attacks and assumptions of widespread bad faith and his return to such are unlikely to change in the near future. As such, he is banned from editing for six months. Any personal attack parole starts at the end of the ban.

 * Support:
 * David Gerard 20:18, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC) First choice Third David Gerard 22:59, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * First choice ➥the Epopt 21:06, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * sannse (talk) 22:57, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC) second choice
 * Neutralitytalk 05:45, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Second choice. mav 17:01, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Second choice. Fred Bauder 12:30, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:
 * I need to give this idea more consideration. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 22:43, 2005 Apr 10 (UTC)

2.2) Irate's pattern of personal attacks and assumptions of widespread bad faith and his return to such are unlikely to change in the near future. As such, he is banned from editing for twelve months. Any personal attack parole starts at the end of the ban.

 * Support:
 * David Gerard 20:18, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC) Second choice, if 2.1 doesn't pass. Second David Gerard 22:59, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Second choice ➥the Epopt 21:06, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * sannse (talk) 22:57, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC) third choice - I'd like to try less than a year first
 * Neutralitytalk 05:45, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose:
 * Fred Bauder 12:30, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * Abstain:
 * I need to give this idea more consideration. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 22:43, 2005 Apr 10 (UTC)
 * Not sure if such a longer ban period will be useful. mav 17:01, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Template
1) {text of proposed enforcement}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

=Discussion by Arbitrators=

Motion to close
Four net "support" votes needed to close case (each "oppose" vote subtracts a "support") 24 hours from the first motion is normally the fastest a case will close.

 * Move to close - we're done here. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 14:40, 2005 Apr 16 (UTC)
 * David Gerard 15:16, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * agree to close -- sannse (talk) 15:39, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC) (valid 14:40, 2005 Apr 17 (UTC))
 * Close mav 15:52, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutralitytalk 16:52, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Close ➥the Epopt 20:07, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Close Fred Bauder 20:21, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose for the moment; recently held another IRC discussion with this user and would like to give him another chance to prepare a statement (see the log on the mailing list). -- Grunt 🇪🇺 02:13, 2005 Apr 17 (UTC)
 * If anything, that conversation reinforces my belief. Still support closing. Ambi 03:21, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Motion to reclose
(reopened for remedy 1.1.1 in late July)

 * 1) I have placed the personal attack parole on Administrative action requested and move this case be closed. Fred Bauder 00:13, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) →Raul654 00:25, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Agreed sannse (talk) 10:51, 25 July 2005 (UTC) as this is not a full case, we should waive the 24 hour wait to close.
 * 4) Good to me - David Gerard 12:30, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Energy intensity

Energy intensity is a measure of the energy inefficiency of an economy. It is calculated as units of energy per unit of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) or some other measure of economic output. High energy intensities indicate a high price or cost of converting energy into GDP. On the other hand, low energy intensity indicates a lower price or cost of converting energy into GDP.

The energy intensity of a country or region differs from its energy efficiency. Energy intensity is affected by climate, economic structure (e.g. services vs. manufacturing), trade, as well as the energy efficiency of buildings, vehicles, and industry.

High energy intensity means high industrial output as portion of GDP. Countries with low energy intensity signifies labor intensive economy.

Overview
Many factors influence an economy's overall energy intensity. It may reflect requirements for general standards of living and weather conditions in an economy. It is not atypical for particularly cold or hot climates to require greater energy consumption in homes and workplaces for heating (furnaces, or electric heaters) or cooling (air conditioning, fans, refrigeration). A country with an advanced standard of living is more likely to have a wider prevalence of such consumer goods and thereby be impacted in its energy intensity than one with a lower standard of living.

Energy efficiency of appliances and buildings (through use of building materials and methods, such as insulation), fuel economy of vehicles, vehicular distances travelled (frequency of travel or larger geographical distances), better methods and patterns of transportation, capacities and utility of mass transit, energy rationing or conservation efforts, 'off-grid' energy sources, and stochastic economic shocks such as disruptions of energy due to natural disasters, wars, massive power outages, unexpected new sources, efficient uses of energy or energy subsidies may all impact overall energy intensity of a nation.

Thus, a nation that is highly economically productive, with mild and temperate weather, demographic patterns of work places close to home, and uses fuel efficient vehicles, supports carpools, mass transportation or walks or rides bicycles, will have a far lower energy intensity than a nation that is economically unproductive, with extreme weather conditions requiring heating or cooling, long commutes, and extensive use of generally poor fuel economy vehicles. Paradoxically, some activities that may seem to promote high energy intensities, such as long commutes, could in fact result in lower energy intensities by causing a disproportionate increase in GDP output.

Figures of energy consumption used in statistics are energy sources marketed through major energy industries. Therefore, some small scale but frequent consumption of energy source like firewood, charcoal peat, water wheel, wind mill are not in its count.In countries, which does not have such developed energy industries or people with highly self energy efficient life style, report smaller energy consumption figures.

In regard to oil intensity, the kind of democracy a country has plays a role in reducing oil intensity, for example, centralized political institutions have made it easier for democratic governments to reduce levels of oil intensity.

Examples

 * U.S. energy consumption from all sources in 2004 was estimated at 99.74 quad. Total GDP that year was $11.75 trillion, with per-capita GDP at $40,100. Using a population of 290,809,777, this would produce an Energy Intensity of 8553 BTU per dollar.

Various nations have significantly higher or lower energy intensities.

 * Bangladesh, with a population of 144 million and a GDP of $275.5 billion therefore has a GDP per capita of approximately $2,000. Its annual energy consumption was only 0.61 quad, making its Energy Intensity a mere 2113 kJ per dollar—a quarter of the US rate. Low standards of living and economic performance primarily accounts for such a meager number.
 * Russia, with a population of 143 million and a GDP of $1.408 trillion therefore has a GDP per capita of approximately $9,800. Its annual energy consumption was 29.6 quad, for an Energy Intensity of 20676 kJ per dollar, or more than double that of the US. This may be due to harsh climatic conditions in most of Eastern Russia and the country's vast territorial space.
 * Italy, with a population of 60 million and a GDP of $1.8 trillion therefore has a GDP per capita of approximately $31,000. Its annual Energy Intensity of 122.8 tons of oil equivalent makes it the most energy efficient country in the G8 and one of the most energy efficient in the industrial world, largely due to traditionally high energy prices which have resulted in more efficient company and consumer behaviours.

Of course, these numbers were produced with a mix of 2003 and 2004 figures, many of which are estimates. Actual mathematical models should use precise data of appropriate matching periods of study.

Several countries, like Sweden, Norway, France, and Canada, have made the transition to operating on low-carbon utilities. Norway and Canada have made the switch to hydro power; France relies on nuclear power. Since these countries have made the shift, they produce about a fifth of the carbon emissions in comparison to 13 other countries, like some including USA, Japan, and Italy.

Economic energy efficiency

An inverse way of looking at the issue would be an 'economic energy efficiency,' or economic rate of return on its consumption of energy: how many economic units of GDP are produced by the consumption of units of energy.

 * Referring to the above examples, 1 million Btus consumed with an energy intensity of 8,553 produced $116.92 of GDP for the US. Whereas, each million Btus of energy consumed in Bangladesh with an Energy Intensity of 2,113 produced $473 of GDP, or over four times the effective US rate. Russia, on the other hand, produced only $48.37 GDP per 1 million Btu based on an energy intensity of 20,676. Thus, Bangladesh could be perceived as having nearly ten times the economic energy efficiency of Russia.

It is not directly causal that a high GDP per capita must have lower economic energy efficiencies. See the accompanying chart for examples based on the top 40 national economies.

Energy intensity can be used as a comparative measure between countries; whereas the change in energy consumption required to raise GDP in a specific country over time is described as its energy elasticity.

title: Energy intensity


text:
Appalachian Regional Commission

The Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) is a United States federal–state partnership that works with the people of Appalachia to create opportunities for self-sustaining economic development and improved quality of life. Congress established ARC to bring the region into socioeconomic parity with the rest of the nation.

The Appalachian Region, as defined by Congress, includes all of West Virginia and portions of 12 other states: Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. ARC serves 423 counties and 8 independent cities that encompass roughly 205000 sqmi, with a population of more than 25 million people.

The Appalachian Regional Commission has 14 members: the governors of the 13 Appalachian states and a federal co-chair, who is appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate. A professional staff carries out the work of the Commission.

The current federal co-chair is Gayle Conelly Manchin. Manchin was appointed by President Joe Biden and confirmed by the Senate on April 29, 2021, by voice vote. The 2024 states' co-chair is Tennessee governor Bill Lee. Grassroots participation is provided through 73 local development districts, which are multi-county organizations with boards made up of elected officials, business people, and other local leaders. The ARC is a planning, research, advocacy, and funding organization. It does not have any governing power within the region.

Geography and sociology
The ARC's geographic range of coverage was defined by Congress broadly, in order to cover as many economically underdeveloped areas as possible; as a result, it extends beyond the geographic area usually thought of as "Appalachia." While Congress did aim to define Appalachia, the ultimate purpose and concern of the ARC is economic development rather than cultural definition.

ARC boundaries versus cultural boundaries
A study conducted in 1981 comparing the perceptions of Appalachia's boundaries and the ARC's definition, published in the academic journal Southeastern Geographer, asked respondents to draw an encircled area identifying what they considered to be Appalachia on a map. The study found less than 20% of respondents agreed that southern New York was part of Appalachia, as designated by the ARC, and that less than 10% of respondents agreed with the ARC's inclusion of northeastern Mississippi and northwestern Alabama in Appalachia. Respondents residing outside of Appalachia were more likely to define the region broadly, in agreement with the ARC, and respondents from within the region were more likely to define it restrictively. The majority of responses defined Appalachia as an area encircling the locations possessing the highest amount of negative characteristics that the ARC was created to combat—flooding, environmental degradation, poverty, and geographic isolation, among others.

Socioeconomic characteristics of ARC boundaries
The ARC does not precisely correspond to what is considered Appalachia by the general public. For instance, parts of Mississippi were included in the commission because of similar problems with unemployment and poverty. In 2008, the Youngstown, Ohio region was declared part of Appalachia by the ARC due to the collapse of the steel industry in the region in the early 1980s, and the continuing unemployment problems in the region since. Additionally, certain regions generally considered to be part of Appalachia, such as most of Virginia's portion of the Shenandoah Valley, are not included in the ARC's charter.

The inclusion of northeastern Mississippi and northwestern Alabama in the ARC's charter was additionally in part based on an altered Rand McNally map submitted to Congress and the governor of Mississippi at the suggestion of local developer George Thompson Pound, depicting mountains in the two states that did not exist. This was done for two main reasons—to undermine the direct funding of black communities in the affected areas in favor of preserving white supremacy, and to engage in historical negationism, made possible due to the method which the ARC used to fund communities within its charter. An area home to a large number of black Americans with an extensive history was effectively forced into a region known for its predominantly white culture and lack of slavery within American history, in spite of the protest of black residents. As part of the scheme, attractions were to be built in the area with ARC funds celebrating the history of white settlers, with no attention paid towards the native Chickasaws who had once inhabited the region or the current black residents.

Funding and development directed to the region after the establishment of the ARC largely eschewed black residents and communities as a result of the efforts of Pound and Southern Democrats, and was instead directly sent to local ruling whites. Today, few residents of northeastern Mississippi and northwestern Alabama are aware they are a part of what Congress has designated as Appalachia, and do not consider themselves to be Appalachian.

County economic classifications
The ARC uses an index-based system to classify counties based on economic status, with five categories: distressed, at-risk, transitional, competitive, and attainment. In addition to county classifications, the ARC additionally classifies specific census tracts within non-distressed counties as distressed if they meet the standards of economic distress set by the ARC. The category at-risk was introduced on ARC maps in 2006; before then only the four other categories were used. The ARC uses several indicators to designate an area as distressed, including median family income and the local poverty rate. Additional factors that go into determining a county's status are the three-year average unemployment rate and per capital market income.

ARC subregions
In order to better facilitate subregional analysis and in recognition of the differences between various areas in Appalachia, the ARC splits their service area into different regions—Northern, North Central, Central, South Central, and Southern. The ARC's definitions take into account political boundaries, physical geography, demographics, economic activity, and transportation activity.

Previously, the ARC's subregions only consisted of Northern, Central, and Southern. These classifications were revised in 2009 in order to make subregional analysis more specific. As part of this process, in 2005, several new subregion schemes were proposed. Notably, two proposals involved the categorization of the ARC's service area into areas that were distinctly labeled as being part of Appalachia or separate from it, which had addressed the fact that not all of the area the ARC serves is Appalachian.

History
Beginning in about 1960, the Council of Appalachian Governors, a group of the ten governors of the Appalachian states of Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia, united to seek federal government assistance for the mountainous portions of their states, which lagged behind the rest of the United States in income, education, health care, and transportation. During the 1960 Presidential campaign, candidate John F. Kennedy met with the governors to hear their concerns and observed living conditions in West Virginia that convinced him of the need for federal assistance to address the region's problems.

Unrest in the coal industry with movements like the Roving Pickets illustrated the need for federal government intervention in Appalachia. Another catalyst that helped lead to the creation of the ARC was the 1962 book Night Comes to the Cumberlands: A Biography of a Depressed Area by Harry M. Caudill on the poverty and history of the Cumberland area of Appalachia, predominantly in Kentucky. This book brought the situation in Appalachia to national attention.

In 1963 President Kennedy formed the President's Appalachian Regional Commission to assist in advancing legislation to bring federal dollars to Appalachia. This legislation, the Appalachian Redevelopment Act, was enacted by Congress in 1965, creating the ARC as a federal agency. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on March 9, 1965.

Projects
All of ARC's activities must advance at least one of the five strategic investment goals articulated in its 2016–2020 strategic plan adopted in November 2015: The bulk of ARC funds, which come from a federal appropriation, support grant making across a broad range of categories. All grants require performance measures. A regional research and evaluation program helps inform the agency's work. ARC emphasizes the leveraging of private-sector investments, relies on a broad network of public and private partnerships, and focuses on innovative, regional strategies to help communities help themselves. ARC targets its resources to the areas of greatest need, with at least half of its grants going to projects that benefit economically distressed areas and counties.
 * creating economic opportunities,
 * developing a ready workforce,
 * investing in infrastructure, including the Appalachian Development Highway System,
 * leveraging natural and cultural assets,
 * and bolstering leadership and community capacity.

ARC's FY 2016 appropriation included $50 million in funding through the Partnerships for Opportunity and Workforce and Economic Revitalization (POWER) Initiative. This multi-agency initiative, launched in 2015, targets federal resources to help diversify economies in communities and regions that have been affected by job losses in coal mining, coal power plant operations, and coal-related supply chain industries due to the changing economics of America's energy production.

The Trump Administration's proposed budget for FY 2018 would have eliminated funding for the ARC. However, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell assured constituents no funding would be cut from the ARC. In contrast, President Biden's first budget included $253,000,000 for the ARC. Biden's stimulus proposal budgeted an additional $5.3 Billion in direct aid to local governments in the Appalachian region. One of the ARC's Co-Chairs is also quoted as saying that Biden's proposed American Jobs Plan provides $1B in infrastructure repair to help distressed communities.

Funding and community development
As mandated by Congress, ARC helps coordinate federal, state, and local initiatives to spur economic development [23 ] in Appalachia. Each year, Congress appropriates funds, which ARC allocates among its member states. The Appalachian governors submit to ARC their state spending plans for the year, which include lists of projects they recommend for funding. The spending plans are reviewed and approved at a meeting of all the governors and the federal co-chair.

The next step is approval of individual projects by the ARC federal co-chair. After the states submit project applications to the ARC, each project is reviewed by ARC program analysts. The process is completed when the federal co-chair reviews a project and formally approves it.

ARC is designed as a federal-state partnership that employs a flexible "bottom up" approach, enabling local communities to tailor support to their individual needs. ARC relies on local regional planning agencies (local development districts) to develop effective strategies for local economic development. ARC has made investments in such essentials of comprehensive economic development as a safe and efficient highway system; education, job-training, and health care programs; water and sewer systems; and entrepreneurial and capital market development.

Accomplishments
ARC has helped cut the number of high-poverty counties in Appalachia from 295 in 1960 to 91 in 2015, reduce the infant mortality rate by two-thirds, and double the percentage of high school graduates. From 2010 to 2015, ARC programs helped create or retain over 101,000 jobs in Appalachia through projects that include entrepreneurship, education and training, health care, telecommunications, business development, and basic infrastructure. Grants during that period leveraged almost $2.7 billion in private investments.

ARC commissioned a report on diseases of despair, which found that deaths due to drug overdose, suicide, and alcoholic liver disease were higher than average, especially in the parts of Appalachia under the most economic stress.

From September 1967 to 2008, the Commission published a magazine Appalachia (ISSN 0003-6595), which was bimonthly from September 1967 to the fall of 1986. Then it was quarterly between summer 1987 and summer/fall 1995, and annual from 2004 to 2008.

title: Appalachian Regional Commission


text:
User talk:JCH

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Infrogmation 21:56, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:JCH


text:
User talk:N3m6

Speedy deletion nomination of Fusion drive

A tag has been placed on Fusion drive, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising that only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become an acceptable page. Please read the general criteria for speedy deletion, particularly item G11, as well as the guidelines on spam.

If you can indicate why the subject of this page is not blatant advertising,. Clicking that button will take you to the talk page where you will find a pre-formatted place for you to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit |the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. You are welcome to edit the page to fix this problem, but please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself. As well as removing promotional phrasing, it helps to add factual encyclopaedic information to the page, and add citations from independent reliable sources to ensure that the page will be verifiable. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. N3m6 (talk) 10:18, 24 October 2012 (UTC)

Ibrahim Nasir
should keep Ibrahim Nasir in your watchlist --Oblivious 21:56, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Dhivehi Wikipedia
Hi N3m6,

I was wondering, have you ever considered doing some work for the Dhivehi Wikipedia?

It's really in a state of disrepair right now and could use some help. The best thing anyone could probably do for it would be to get sysop status there, and translate the user interface. Maybe create a few articles, too...

See the Dhivehi Wikipedia.

Cheers Node

Adhalaat
DOes Adhaalath Party mean Justice Party, or has it another meaning? - Electionworld 18:53, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The word Adhaalath is originally from india (hindhi) and it means justice. --Oblivious 07:08, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

Dhivehi Wikipedia
As you have mentioned in Oblivious talk page, Dhivehi Wikipedia is in a stage of danger. I wonder who is the sys op, if I were able to edit the frontpage. I would have translated all. And start to enrich it, but I couldn't do. because may be sys op, have the right to change frontpage. But any body who couldn't just take responsibility take those tasks. I am sure I need only one day to translate all the needed terms. Even Encyclopedia has a Dhivehi word. Encyclopedia is އެކުމާފާނު in Dhivehi. Free as you have said -- "not "free" as in "free food"." I have compared that with other Wikipedias too. Free means މިނިވަން not ހިލޭ in this place. See In french it is "l’encyclopédie libre" libre means މިނިވަން. And in Urdu it is " آزاد دائرہ المعارف ". And آزاد (Aazaadh) means މިނިވަން. And in Arabic it is "Alma"soo-a'thul H'urrathu". H'urrathu and H'urriyyathu in Arabic means މިނިވަން. Free Encyclopedia will be a މިނިވަން އެކުމާފާނު. And Freedom of speech in Dhivehi means ދުލުގެ މިނިވަންކަން lit. Freedom of tongue.(Deviathan 18:43, 19 February 2006 (UTC))

Dhivehi Logo
Hi,

Here is a logo I've created in paint.

ވީކިޕީޑިއާ

މިނިވަން އެކުމާފާނު

(Deviathan 19:26, 19 February 2006 (UTC))

Maldives Scouting
Can you help render "Be Prepared", the Scout Motto, into Divehi? Thanks! Chris 04:47, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

Help Contributing Dhivehi Wikipedia
Hey... Guys...! I'm Glacious from Dhivehi Wikipedia. I was Just browsing the English Wikipedia in search for some Maldivian Wikipedians. Anyways, what i would like to ask you guys is to help contributing our dhivehi wikipedia. Help us bring the Dhivehi wikipedia to its next level. Thanks and Hope to see some of you guys in Dhivehi Wikipedia. Cheers!!

--~GlaCiouS~ (talk) 11:23, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Shamsuddeen.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Shamsuddeen.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

PLEASE NOTE:

 * I am a bot, and will therefore not be able to answer your questions.
 * I will remove the request for deletion if the file is used in an article once again.
 * If you receive this notice after the image is deleted, and you want to restore the image, click here to file an un-delete request.
 * To opt out of these bot messages, add  to your talk page.
 * If you believe the bot has made an error, please turn it off here and leave a message on my owner's talk page.

Thank you. DASHBot (talk) 05:43, 10 November 2010 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of "Fusion drive"
A page you created, Fusion drive, has been tagged for deletion, as it meets one or more of the criteria for speedy deletion; specifically, it is obvious advertising or promotional material.

You are welcome to contribute content which complies with our content policies and any applicable inclusion guidelines. However, please do not simply re-create the page with the same content. You may also wish to read our introduction to editing and guide to writing your first article.

Thank you. Mdann52 (talk) 10:00, 24 October 2012 (UTC)

Removing Speedy at Fusion Drive
Welcome to Wikipedia and thank you for taking the time to create a page here. It might not have been your intention, but you recently removed a speedy deletion tag from a page you created yourself. Because Wikipedia policy does not allow the creator of the page to remove deletion tags, an automated program has replaced the deletion tag you removed from Fusion Drive. Please do not continue to remove the deletion tag, instead, if you disagree with the deletion, you can follow these steps: Administrators will look at your reasoning before deciding what to do. For further help about the deletion, you could contact the user who first placed the tag or a highly active user who is willing to help with deletion. This message was left by a bot, so please do not contact the bot about the deletion. Thank you, - SDPatrolBot (talk) 10:26, 24 October 2012 (UTC)
 * 1) Go to the page by clicking this link. Once there, select the button that says [ Click here to contest this speedy deletion].
 * 2) This will take you to the talk page, where you can make your case by explaining why the page does not meet Wikipedia's criteria for speedy deletion.

Proposed deletion of Lexicon (novel)
Hello, N3m6. I wanted to let you know that I’m proposing an article that you started, Lexicon (novel), for deletion because I don't think it meets our criteria for inclusion. If you don't want the article deleted:

 * 1) edit the page
 * 2) remove the text that looks like this:
 * 3) save the page

Also, be sure to explain why you think the article should be kept in your edit summary or on the article's talk page. If you don't do so, it may be deleted later anyway.

You can leave a note on my talk page if you have questions. Barney the barney barney (talk) 17:17, 21 July 2013 (UTC)

Nomination of Josefine Cronholm for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Josefine Cronholm is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Josefine Cronholm until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. aNode  (discuss)  08:24, 4 September 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:N3m6


text:
Edward Donovan

Edward Donovan (1768 – 1 February 1837) was an Anglo-Irish writer, natural history illustrator, and amateur zoologist. He did not travel, but collected, described and illustrated many species based on the collections of other naturalists. His many books were successful in his time. He died penniless in 1837 leaving a large family destitute.

Personal life
Almost nothing is known about Donovan's family background, education or early life, although he is known to have been born in Cork, Ireland, and was originally surnamed O'Donovan. He is presumed to have had some independent wealth. His health declined in later years and he died penniless at his home in John Street in 1837 leaving a large family destitute.

Biography
Aged 21, he moved to London. He was an avid collector of natural history specimens purchased mainly at auctions of specimens from voyages of exploration. He was a fellow of the Linnean Society and the Wernerian Society which gave him access to the best collections and libraries in London. It was quite common for private collectors to open small public museums, and in 1807 he founded the London Museum and Institute of Natural History. According to the catalogues and contemporary reviews, this exhibited several hundred cases of world birds, mammals, reptiles, fish, molluscs, insects, corals and other invertebrates and botanical specimens and other exotica alongside his British collections. Entry cost 1 shilling. It had public education about natural history as an objective, as well as value as source material for his publications. However, the museum was not as financially successful as he hoped.

Donovan was, at first, the very successful author of a number of natural history titles, including The Natural History of British Birds (1792–97), The Natural History of British Insects(1792–1813), The Natural History of British Fishes (1802–08) and the two-volume Descriptive Excursions Through South Wales and Monmouthshire in the Year 1804, and the Four Preceding Summers (1805) and the short-lived Botanical Review, or the Beauties of Flora (London, 1789–90). He also wrote articles on conchology, entomology, etc., made drawings and arranged the natural history plates in Rees's Cyclopædia and undertook commissions for private albums of his botanical artwork. His works typically appealed both to serious naturalists, through the careful descriptions and a more general readership because of the attractive illustrations.

His best known works are The Natural History of British Insects(1792–1813), An Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of China (1798) and Insects of India, and the Islands in the Indian Seas (1800) and Insects of New Holland, New Zealand, New Guinea, Otaheite, and Other Islands in the Indian, Southern and Pacific Oceans (1805).

His reputation was established by the 16 volume work The natural history of British insects between 1792 and 1813. Each contained high quality plates illustrating the life-cycles of the insects, which he often drew from life. It was initially intended to consist of 10 volumes, but he later added a further six. Earlier volumes were written in English but the later ones were partly in Latin as Donovan became more knowledgeable and perhaps to appeal to a more specialist, but international, readership. It was referenced by several later authors.

He was a well-connected and respected member of the gentleman naturalist community. Evidence includes that his successful nomination for election as a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1799 was supported by six members (Alexander Macleay, James Sowerby, William Lewis, Thomas Marsham, George Milne and Frederick Kanmacher), rather than the more usual three.

Apart from occasional excursions in England and Wales, Donovan never left London. His Insects of New Holland is based on specimens collected by Joseph Banks and William Bayly, an astronomer on the second and third voyages of James Cook, specimens in the collection of Dru Drury and other private collections as well as his own museum. It is the first publication dealing exclusively with the insects of Australia. In the preface Donovan writes "There is perhaps, no extent of country in the world, that can boast a more copious or diversified assemblage of interesting objects in every department of natural history than New Holland and its contiguous island". Most of the plates depict butterflies together with exotic plants. Donovan often used thick paints, burnished highlights, albumen overglazes and metallic paints. These covered the engravings (from his own copper plates, Donovan personally undertook all steps of the illustration process for his books, the drawing, the etching and engraving and the hand colouring, working with a team of several employees ) which are not visible. At other times the fineness of his engraving and etching is apparent giving his illustrations the appearance of being watercolours.

For An Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of China he obtained specimens and information from George Macartney a British envoy to China.

For Insects of India Donovan described and figured specimens in his own cabinet, that were originally collected by the late Duchess of Portland, Marmaduke Tunstall, a Governor Holford (many years resident in India), a Mr. Ellis, George Keate, a Mr. Yeats, and a Mr. Bailey. He also studied the collections of John Francillon, Dru Drury and Alexander Macleay. His patron was Joseph Banks. It is the first illustrated publication dealing with the entomology of India. The exact publication date, stated on the title page as being 1800, is also unclear as most plates are later; for example, the plate for Cicada indica is dated 1 February 1804. Many of the butterflies figured are from the Americas. In the works of Johan Christian Fabricius on which the Epitome was based "Indiis" confusingly refers to the West Indies or northern South America.

He co-published his books with a book-seller instead of the more usual arrangement of working with a publisher.

Donovan's expensive purchases, his dealings with (according to him) his unscrupulous book seller Rivingtons of St Paul's Churchyard (after many previous years on good terms), and the economic decline in England after the Napoleonic Wars, always made his financial position precarious. He had begun selling parts of his collections in 1788 and was forced to close his museum in 1817. The main auction of his collection in 1818 took eight days. He continued to publish, but his financial position worsened. His collection was an important resource for his publications and its dispersal caused problems. In 1833 he made an unsuccessful published plea for funds from his supporters to bring a lawsuit against Rivingtons.

Works

 * Botanical Review, Or the Beauties of Flora. London. 1789–1790.
 * The Natural History of British Insects: Explaining Them in Their Several States, With the Periods of Their Transformations, Their Food, Oeconomy, &c. Together With the History of Such Minute Insects As Require Investigation by the Microscope, the Whole Illustrated by Coloured Figures, Designed and Executed from Living Specimens. London. F. and C. Rivington. 1792–1813. 16 volumes with a total of 576 plates (568 coloured).
 * The Natural History of British Birds: Or, a Selection of the Most Rare, Beautiful, and Interesting Birds Which Inhabit this Country. London. 1794–1819. 10 volumes with a total of 244 plates.
 * The Natural History of British Fishes: Including Scientific and General Descriptions of the Most Interesting Species, and an Extensive Selection of Accurately Finished Coloured Plates, Taken Entirely from Original Drawings, Purposely Made from the Specimens in a Recent State, and for the Most Part Whilst Living. London. F. and C. Rivington, 1802–08.
 * The Naturalist's Repository, or Miscellany of Exotic Natural History: Exhibiting Rare and Beautiful Specimens of Foreign Birds, Insects, Shells, Quadrupeds, Fish and Marine Productions. London. 1822–1827. 5 volumes with a total of 180 plates.
 * The Natural History of British Shells: Including Figures and Descriptions of All the Species Hitherto Discovered in Great Britain, Systematically Arranged in the Linnean Manner, With Scientific and General Observations On Each. 5 volumes.1799-1803
 * An Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of India, and the Islands in the Indian Seas: Comprising Upwards to Two Hundred and Fifty Figures and Descriptions of the Most Singular and Beautiful Species, Selected Chiefly from Those Recently Discovered, and Which Have Not Appeared in the Works of Any Preceding Author. The Figures Are Accurately Drawn, Engraved, and Coloured, from Specimens of the Insects; the Descriptions Are Arranged According to the System of Linnaeus; With References to the Writings of Fabricius, and Other Systematic Authors. London. T. Bensley.
 * An Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of China: Comprising Figures and Descriptions of Upwards of One Hundred New, Singular, and Beautiful Species; Together with some that are of Importance in Medicine, Domestic Economy, &c. London. T. Bensley. 1798.
 * An Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of New Holland, New Zealand, New Guinea, Otaheite, and Other Islands in the Indian, Southern and Pacific Oceans: Including the Figures and Descriptions of One Hundred and Fifty-three Species of the More Splendid, Beautiful, and Interesting Insects, Hitherto Discovered in Those Countries, and Which for the Most Part Have Not Appeared in the Works of Any Preceding Author. The Figures Are Correctly Delineated from Specimens of the Insects; and With the Descriptions Are Arranged According to the Linnean System, With Reference to the Writings of Fabricius and Other Entomologists. London. 1805.
 * Instructions for Collecting and Preserving Various Subjects of Natural History: As Quadrupeds, Birds, Reptiles, Fishes, Shells, Corals, Plants, &c.: Together With a Treatise On the Management of Insects in Their Several States; Selected from the Best Authorities. London. Rivington. 1805 (2nd edition).
 * Bibliothèque Conchyliologique. Paris. A. Franck.

Other sources

 * Gilbert, P. (2000). Butterfly Collectors and Painters: Four Centuries of Colour Plates from the Library Collections of the Natural History Museum, London. Singapore, Beaumont Publishing Pte Ltd.
 * Jackson, C. E. (1985). Bird Etchings: The Illustrators and Their Books, 1655-1855. Cornell University Press.
 * Lisney, A. A. (1960). Bibliography of British Lepidoptera 1608-1799. London.
 * Musgrave, A. (1932). Bibliography of Australian Entomology 1775–1930. Sydney.
 * Salmon, M. A. (2000). The Aurelian Legacy: British Butterflies and their Collectors. Martins, Great Horkesley: Harley Books. ISBN 0-946589-40-2

Books by Donovan available through online archives

 * Botanical Review, Or the Beauties of Flora (1789-1790)
 * The Natural History of British Insects (1792)
 * The Natural History of British Birds (1794)
 * An Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of China (1798)
 * An Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of India, and the Islands in the Indian Seas (1800)
 * The Natural History of British Shells (1800-1804)
 * The Natural History of British Fishes (1803)
 * An Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of New Holland, New Zealand, New Guinea, Otaheite, and Other Islands in the Indian, Southern and Pacific Oceans (1805)
 * Instructions for Collecting and Preserving Various Subjects of Natural History (1805)
 * The Naturalist's Repository, or Miscellany of Exotic Natural History (1823-1827)
 * An Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of China (1838)
 * Bibliothèque Conchyliologique (1845-1846)

title: Edward Donovan


text:
Production set

In economics the production set is a construct representing the possible inputs and outputs to a production process.

A production vector represents a process as a vector containing an entry for every commodity in the economy. Outputs are represented by positive entries giving the quantities produced and inputs by negative entries giving the quantities consumed.

If the commodities in the economy are (labour, corn, flour, bread) and a mill uses one unit of labour to produce 8 units of flour from 10 units of corn, then its production vector is (–1,–10,8,0). If it needs the same amount of labour to run at half capacity then the production vector (–1,–5,4,0) would also be operationally possible. The set of all operationally possible production vectors is the mill's production set.

If y is a production vector and p is the economy's price vector, then p·y is the value of net output. The mill's owner will normally choose y from the production set to maximise this quantity. p·y is defined as the 'profit' of the vector y, and the mill-owner's behaviour is described as 'profit-maximising'.

Properties of production sets
The following properties may be predicated of production sets.

 * Non-emptiness. The producer has at least one possible course of action. Always holds.
 * Closure. The production set includes its own boundary. This is a technical property which always holds in practice.
 * Separability. A production set is separable into inputs and outputs if every field is either non-negative in all elements or non-positive in all elements. This normally holds for individual enterprises but not, for instance, for a national economy.
 * No free lunch. It is impossible to produce something from nothing. Mathematically there is no vector in the production set with at least one positive entry and no negative entries. Always holds.
 * Possibility of inaction. The zero vector belongs to the production set; in other words, it is possible to produce nothing by consuming nothing. This property almost never holds exactly: resources will be needed either to wind up a concern or to maintain it while dormant. The property may be a useful approximation.
 * Free disposal. If y is an element of production set Y, then so is any vector which consumes more of a given input or produces less of a given output. Mathematically, if e is a vector none of whose entries is negative, and if y ∈ Y, then y – e ∈ Y. This too may be a useful approximation.
 * Single output. Production is often based on units (e.g. flour mills) which produce a single output from more than one input. A separable production set has a single output if exactly one field contains a positive entry.
 * Labour consumption. Labour is usually an input to all elements of a production set which have any positive output.
 * Irreversibility. If y ∈ Y and y≠0 then (–y) ∉ Y. Always holds in practice.
 * Convexity. If two vectors lie within the production set, then so do all intermediate points. This often holds as an approximation but cannot apply exactly if inputs or outputs comprise discrete units.
 * Additivity (or free entry). This property is relevant to the production set of an industry or of an economy but not for instance to a single flour mill. It means that if production vector y is possible, and so is y', then so too is y+y'. So if a mill can be built with a view to running in one way, and another mill can be built with a view to running in another way, then both can be built to produce the sum of intended outputs from the sum of intended inputs. Free entry is a postulate of perfect competition.
 * Returns to scale and economies of scale. See below.

The production function
If a production set is separable and has a single output, then a function F(y) can be constructed whose value is the maximum quantity of output obtainable for given inputs, and whose domain is the set of input subvectors represented in the production set. This is known as the production function.

If a production set is separable then we may define a "production value function" fp(x) in terms of a price vector p. If x is a monetary quantity, then fp(x) is the maximum monetary value of output obtainable in Y from inputs whose cost is x.

Returns to scale
Constant returns to scale mean that if y is in the production set, then so too is λy for any positive λ. Returns might be constant over a region; for instance, so long as λ is not too far from 1 for a given y. There is no entirely satisfactory way to define increasing or decreasing returns to scale for general production sets.

If the production set Y can be represented by a production function F whose argument is the input subvector of a production vector, then increasing returns to scale are available if F(λy) > λF(y) for all λ > 1 and F(λy) < λF(y) for all λ<1. A converse condition can be stated for decreasing returns to scale.

Economies of scale
If Y is a separable production set with a production value function fp, then (positive) economies of scale are present if fp(λx) > λfp(x) for all λ > 1 and fp(λx) < λfp(x) for all λ < 1. The opposite condition may be referred to as negative economies (or diseconomies) of scale.

If Y has a single output and prices are positive, then positive economies of scale are equivalent to increasing returns to scale.

As with returns to scale, economies of scale may apply over a region. If a mill is operating below capacity then it will offer positive economies of scale, but as it approaches capacity the economies will become negative. Economies of scale for the firm are important in influencing an industry's tendency to concentrate in the direction of monopoly or disaggregate in the direction of perfect competition.

Limitation
The components of a production vector are conventionally portrayed as flows (see Stock and flow), whereas more general treatments regard production as combining stocks (e.g. land) and flows (e.g. labour) (see Factors of production). Accordingly, the simple definition of 'profit' as the net value of output does not correspond to its meaning elsewhere in economics (see Profit (economics)).

title: Production set