text:
Talk:Nottingham Panthers

John Bremner Shirt Retirement
I don't remember anyone wearing the number 8 jersey between John's retirement in 1992 and Clayton Norris joining the club in 2001 but I don't think Bremner's number was ever officially retired. Kim Williams 10:02, 17 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I have always thought an announcement was made at the time of John’s retirement stating that the number 8 shirt would be retired(Palmiped 01:49, 5 June 2007 (UTC))

Good Article (GA) review
Nice work on the article. There are, however, a few issues that keep me from approving GA at this time:
 * Citations aren't needed in the intro unless information there isn't repeated in the article's body.
 * Done. The first citation has been kept as it isn't (as yet) included within the rest of the article.

 * The images need to have the permission from the owner copied into the image file, such as the email from the owner giving permission or the banner on his/her website giving permission. When I click on the website link in the image files, I don't see anything that gives permission for the images to be used.
 * I did have permission from Pete Walch to use photos from his site on condition that I included a credit in the references (which I would have had to have done anyway). Unfortunately I didn't realise that I needed include a copy of the email and deleted it. I have now sent a message asking for permission again which I will include when recieved though as it is currently our off season this may be a while in coming.
 * I would suggest that you say something in each image file like, "permission has been explicitely received from Pete Walch to use the photos on the condition that his site is credited in the references." A copy of the permission statement is available either from Pete Walch at (list his email address) or from User (put your user account name)." CLA 00:30, 6 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Message now received from Pete. Imagines from Panthers History updated accordingly.

 * Every paragraph should have at least one citation. I would suggest putting all citations at the end of every paragraph so that it doesn't look like there is any uncited material.
 * I've now added a citation to every paragraph. On the second point, is that a common thing? Most of the other articles I've read have a citation next the point in need of referencing?
 * I think it's a good idea not have any text that appears to be uncited. It's not currently a set in stone rule for GA so, if you don't want to do it, I won't hold against GA approval. CLA 00:30, 6 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I think I'll leave things as they are for now. I can find a reference to all of things included on the article should anyone think it neccessary. Once again thanks for your help and suggestions.

 * Avoid one sentence paragraphs.
 * Done.

Overall, the article is well written and doesn't have any major problems. If you can fix these issues, I'll approve for GA. CLA 01:03, 5 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Many thanks for your help and suggestions. Just waiting on the images now. PanthersGirl 10:19, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Congratulations on passing Good Article review. Great work on the article. CLA 23:00, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:LogoNottinghamPanthers.jpg
Image:LogoNottinghamPanthers.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 04:13, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Check external links in main article
check links Palmiped (talk) 22:16, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

Nice one!
Kudos for getting that FA rating! Malpass93 (talk) 12:48, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

Peter Woods
Was he Head Coach? I thought he was just part of the coaching staff. --palmiped | Talk  12:43, 28 February 2009 (UTC)

Peter Chiarelli
Played for Panthers 1987-88 season. He scored four goals and nine assists in four games and was leading the league in scoring, and was promptly released see --palmiped |  Talk  09:51, 2 May 2009 (UTC)

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External links modified
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Featured article review needed
This Featured article was promoted in 2008, and has fallen out of FA standards. There is a good deal of uncited text, some stubby sections, and a MOS review is needed. Unless someone is willing/able to bring this article to standard, it should be submitted to Featured article review. Sandy Georgia (Talk)  20:33, 28 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nottingham Panthers


text:
WWJ (AM)

WWJ (950 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to serve Detroit, Michigan, featuring an all-news radio format known as WWJ Newsradio 950. Owned by Audacy, Inc., the station services Metro Detroit, is the market affiliate for CBS News Radio, and the flagship station for the Michigan Sports Network. Operating on a regional broadcast frequency, its studios are in the Panasonic Building in Southfield.

The station's transmitter site is near Newport. WWJ broadcasts full-time with 50,000 watts, using a five-tower directional antenna system during daytime hours, and its entire six-tower array at night. WWJ has the highest field strength – 7,980 mV/m at a distance of 1 km – in a single direction (nighttime pattern) of any U.S. AM station. With this powerful signal primarily sent to the north, the station can be heard in parts of northern Michigan during nighttime hours, including the Upper Peninsula and Mackinac areas, and much of southern Lower Michigan during the day.

WWJ is licensed by the Federal Communications Commission to broadcast in the HD Radio format, and is simulcast on the HD-2 sub-channel of sister station WXYT-FM.

On the air for over a century, WWJ began daily broadcasts as the "Detroit News Radiophone" on August 20, 1920, while it operated under an amateur radio license with the call sign "8MK". Over the years the station has claimed the titles of "America's Pioneer Broadcasting Station" and where "commercial radio broadcasting began."

Programming
WWJ is Michigan's only all-news radio station and features "traffic and weather together" every ten minutes "on the eights" around the clock. The exception is during live sporting events, which it often (though not always) includes during its programming. WWJ is the flagship station for Michigan Wolverines football. In cases where there are schedule conflicts, it also carries sports events normally broadcast by its sister stations. (For example, WWJ airs Detroit Tigers baseball games when WXYT-FM is broadcasting Detroit Red Wings hockey.) In these cases the regular news programming can still be heard online.

In March 2005, WWJ began streaming its programming over the Internet. In August 2005 the station began offering podcasts of newsmakers, interviews, and some of the station's feature programming. In August 2006 it began broadcasting in the HD Radio format. WWJ programming was live 24 hours a day until July 2015, when, to cut costs, it began airing pre-recorded reports overnight. By 2016 the station returned to live news around the clock.

WWJ is the flagship station of the Michigan News Network, a network of over 50 affiliate radio stations across the state of Michigan that air news and sports reports produced by WWJ's news team.

History
In her 1960 review of the station's history, Cynthia Boyes Young cautioned that: "The actual beginnings of the Detroit News radio station, later to be known as WWJ, were not recorded at the time, and the story can only be partially pieced together from the reminiscences of radio pioneers." Three years later, Robert Preston Rimes found that "...fragmentary, incomplete, and sometimes, inaccurate histories existed".

Preparations
WWJ has traditionally recognized August 20, 1920, as its founding date. This was the day that the Detroit News inaugurated daily broadcasts from a studio established in the newspaper's headquarters building, located at the corner of Lafayette and 2nd Avenues. These initial broadcasts, by what was then called the "Detroit News Radiophone", were sent under an amateur station license operating with the call sign "8MK".

The person most responsible for establishing the Detroit News Radiophone service was the newspaper's vice-president and managing director, William E. Scripps. The Scripps family had a long history of interest in radio developments. In 1902 Thomas E. Clark founded the Thomas E. Clark Wireless Telephone-Telegraph Company, to supply vessels in the Great Lakes region with radio (then commonly known as "wireless") communication equipment. James E. Scripps, father of William E. Scripps and then-publisher of the Detroit News, took his son to witness a demonstration, and was also an early investor in Clark's company. On April 4, 1906, the News publicized the receipt of an order, via radiotelegraphy, by the advertising department from the Clark-equipped steamer City of Detroit. However, Clark was ultimately unable to compete with the predatory practices of the United Wireless Telegraph Company, and around 1910 ceased the Great Lakes installations. He subsequently opened an electrical shop in Detroit, and remained in contact with the Scripps family.

In April 1917, due to the entrance of the United States into World War One, it became illegal for private citizens to own radio receivers. This wartime ban was lifted effective April 15, 1919, and William E. Scripps' son, William J. Scripps, became interested in radio as a hobby, spending hours listening for distant stations. Most radio transmissions at this time were still being sent with the dots-and-dashes of Morse code. However, William E. Scripps later stated that it was his son's brief reception of an audio transmission that led to his initial investigation whether the News could set up its own broadcasting station. Drawing on advice from Thomas E. Clark, Scripps soon determined that the idea was in fact practical, primarily due to recent advances in radio transmitter technology, especially the development of vacuum-tube transmitters.

Sometime during 1919 Scripps and Clark prepared an expansive proposal that was brought before the newspaper's board of directors, requesting financing for the building of a powerful radio station capable of providing service throughout the Great Lakes region. Although initially resistant, the board eventually approved the request. However, significant modifications had to be made to the original plan. The proposal specified a 3,000 watt transmitter that would be constructed locally by Clark's Tecla Company, based on the design of General Electric's CG 4000 transmitter. Clark was subsequently sent by Scripps to General Electric's headquarters at Schenectady, New York to make further arrangements, but he was unsuccessful in reaching an agreement. After this Clark largely withdrew from participation, to the degree that his first visit to the station did not take place until 1937.

At this point a new group of individuals became involved. Beginning in 1907, inventor Lee de Forest had been the leading proponent in the United States trying to introduce organized radio broadcasting, especially by newspapers. However, due to technical and financial issues, he had made little progress in making converts to the idea. In late 1916 the DeForest Radio Telephone & Telegraph Company began broadcasting a nightly "wireless newspaper" entertainment and news program from its experimental station, 2XG, located in the Highbridge section of New York City. This station had to suspend operations during World War One, but was revived shortly after the October 1, 1919, lifting of the wartime ban on civilian stations.

In early 1920 Clarence "C. S." Thompson, a New York City associate of Lee de Forest, and John F. Hubbard formed Radio News & Music, Inc., which in March 1920 took up the promotion of newspaper-run broadcasting stations, offering local franchises and asking in national advertisements "Is Your Paper to be One of the Pioneers Distributing News and Music by Wireless?" The Detroit News would become Radio News & Music's first – and ultimately only – newspaper customer.

In a May 28, 1920, letter, the News made arrangements to lease a DeForest OT-10 radio transmitter through Radio News & Music, to develop a broadcasting service. An initial equipment shipment was made the same day, and Radio News & Music hired a local teenaged amateur radio operator, Michael DeLisle Lyons, to install the transmitter in a second floor room of the News headquarters building, connected to an antenna constructed on the roof. The May 28 shipment never arrived, so a replacement was sent from New York on July 15. After Lyons did some initial installation work a financial dispute broke out between him and the newspaper's management, so the News hired Frank Edwards to take over engineering responsibilities. Elton M. Plant, an aspiring reporter who had a good speaking and singing voice, was drafted as an announcer.

De Forest had sold the commercial rights to his radio patents to the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1917. However, he retained the right to sell equipment for "amateur and experimental use", so the station operated under a standard amateur radio license, with the call sign 8MK. William E. Scripps was very enthusiastic about the project, and kept close track as the equipment was being tested. However, the work was done with very limited publicity, and there are reports that some at the newspaper worried that a radio station might adversely affect paper sales, thus measures were taken to hide the direct involvement of the Scripps family, including originally licensing 8MK in Michael DeLisle Lyons' name.

Scripps' original proposal had envisioned operating on an uncongested frequency somewhere within the 600 to 1600 meter (500 to 187.5 kHz) band normally reserved for government stations. However, as an amateur station 8MK was required to transmit on the standard – thus interference-prone – amateur wavelength of 200 meters (1500 kHz), although contemporary newspaper accounts stated that it sometimes operated on other, less congested, wavelengths. In addition, the OT-10 transmitter was only rated for 20 watts, far less than the 3,000 watts contemplated in Scripps' original proposal.

Debut

8MK began nightly trial broadcasts on August 20, 1920, to check if the equipment was ready for regular service. However, because the station was still unpublicized the original audience consisted only of a small number of interested local amateur radio enthusiasts. The test programs proved satisfactory, so, on August 31, 1920, the Detroit News announced on its front page that, starting that evening, nightly (except Sunday) broadcasts would be transmitted by the "Detroit News Radiophone" service. That evening's debut program featured regularly updated returns for a primary election held that day, plus vocal performances by Lois Johnson. Malcolm Bingay, managing director of the Detroit News, was the broadcast's master of ceremonies.

The front page of the next day's News contained enthusiastic reports attesting to the success of the election night broadcast, which had begun "promptly at 8:10 p. m.", with the newspaper declaring: "The sending of the election returns by The Detroit News Radiophone Tuesday night was fraught with romance and must go down in the history of man's conquest of the elements as a gigantic step in his progress." The paper also reported receiving "numberless telephone calls to The News office asking for details of the apparatus".

Daily broadcasts, most commonly between 7 and 8 pm, continued through September. Although the initial programs consisted mostly of phonograph records interspersed with news announcements, programming also included fight results from the heavyweight championship bout between Jack Dempsey and Billy Miske on September 6, and, in October, play-by-play accounts as the Cleveland Indians bested the Brooklyn Dodgers in the 1920 World Series baseball championship. Weekly vocal concerts were begun on September 23, with Mabel Norton Ayers as the first featured artist. By late October, the paper was boasting that "hundreds of Detroiters are now the possessors of wireless receiving sets by which they get the news bulletins, music and other features sent out by The News Radiophone", as the station prepared to broadcast returns for that year's presidential election on November 2.

Early years

The station's costs were borne by the newspaper—there was no advertising until the mid-1920s—and by 1922 the station staff had increased to ten. Performers were not paid, however, the station was able to attract numerous "illustrious persons" to appear over the airwaves from the station's "phonitorium" studio, including Lillian Gish, Fanny Brice, Ty Cobb, and Babe Ruth. The station is believed to be the first to broadcast news reports regularly, and the first to present regularly scheduled religious broadcasts and play-by-play sports reports.

In the fall of 1921, the News purchased the DeForest OT-10 transmitter it had been leasing from Radio News & Music, and applied for a "Special Amateur" station license, which would provide better coverage by allowing the station to move to a wavelength less subject to interference. However, on October 13, 1921, the government instead issued the News a "Limited Commercial" license, and early the next month the newspaper announced: "The Detroit News radio station is now operating under a limited commercial license with call letters WBL. The wavelength used is 360 meters [833 kHz] and a special antenna has been erected to use this wave. The station will transmit as before beginning every evening, except Sunday." While this had the desired benefit of now being on a less congested wavelength, it also meant the station's continued use of DeForest equipment was technically in violation of the commercial radio equipment patent rights held by AT&T. This potential problem was soon resolved by the purchase of a 500-watt transmitter from AT&T subsidiary Western Electric, which was installed on January 28, 1922.

The new WBL call sign was randomly assigned, and the News found that listeners had trouble hearing it correctly, so the newspaper asked the regional Radio Inspector, S. W. Edwards, to have it changed to something more phonetically distinct, requesting WKL or WWW. Neither of these call signs was available, so one similar to the paper's request, WWJ, was assigned on March 3, 1922.

Effective December 1, 1921, the U.S. government for the first time adopted regulations formally defining "broadcasting stations". The wavelength of 360 meters (for which WBL and eight other stations already held licenses) was designated for entertainment broadcasts, while 485 meters (619 kHz) was reserved for broadcasting official weather and other government reports. On March 3, 1922, WWJ was granted permission to transmit on 485 meters, in addition to its original 360-meter assignment. 1922 saw a rapid expansion in the number of broadcasting stations, most sharing the single entertainment wavelength of 360 meters, which required progressively more complicated time sharing schedules among stations in the same region. That May the News bristled at having to suffer the "handicap" of being required to give up some airtime to its competitor, the Detroit Free Press, which had, in the words of the News, decided to "break in" by establishing its own station, WCX (now WJR). A front page "explanation" in the News complained about having to reduce its schedule of "unique, wholesome and delightful entertainment".

In late September 1922 a second entertainment wavelength, 400 meters (750 kHz), was made available for "Class B" stations, which had higher powers and better quality equipment and programming. Both WWJ and WCX qualified to use this new wavelength, on a timesharing basis. In early 1923 the United States further expanded the broadcast station allocations into a continuous band from 550 to 1350 kHz, with stations now using a single frequency, no longer having to broadcast entertainment and official reports on separate frequencies. Under the new allocations the Class B frequency of 580 kHz (516.9 meters) was designated for use by qualified stations in the "Detroit/Dearborn" area, and both WWJ and WCX were assigned to this frequency. In January 1925 WWJ was reassigned to an exclusive Class B frequency, 850 kHz (352.7 meters). A series of reassignments followed, as the government struggled to structure the broadcast band to accommodate an increasingly congested environment. On November 11, 1928, the Federal Radio Commission implemented a major AM band reorganization, under the provisions of its General Order 40. This reallocation divided stations into three classes, which became known as "Clear", "Regional" and "Local". WWJ was tentatively assigned to a clear channel frequency of 820 kHz, which would have permitted operation with up to 50,000 watts. However, the station's management was unprepared to bear the cost of a major transmitter upgrade, and instead settled for assignment to one of the regional frequencies, 920 kHz (325.9 meters), with a transmitter power of 1,000 watts, the maximum permitted at the time for regional frequencies.

1930s and 1940s
In 1937 WWJ became one of the first stations to increase its power to the new maximum of 5,000 watts for regional frequencies. On March 29, 1941, as part of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA) frequency reassignments, the station moved to 950 kHz, where it remains to this day. The programming throughout this time was focused on variety. During the 1940s, WWJ transmitted most of the NBC Red Network schedule, along with locally produced news, entertainment and music programming. After World War II, especially as television grew in household reach and popularity, music and regularly scheduled local news would make up a larger portion of its format as television eroded support for variety programming on radio and the Golden Age of Radio gradually ended.

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was interested in increasing the number of broadcasting outlets, and began licensing "Apex" stations, operating on higher transmitting frequencies than the original AM band. On January 29, 1936, the Detroit News activated its own Apex station, W8XWJ, initially broadcasting at 31.6 MHz and relaying WWJ's programs. As with WWJ, W8XWJ used amplitude modulation (AM), but it was also engineered to transmit in high-fidelity. The FCC ultimately decided that the second broadcast band would use frequency modulation (FM), so W8XWJ ceased operating in early 1940, as the  News prepared to replace it with an FM station. On May 10, 1941, that new station, W45D, debuted as Michigan's first FM station, which would later undergo five call letter changes – to WENA, WWJ-FM, WJOI, WYST and WKRK – before becoming WXYT-FM. WWJ also got into the nascent medium of television when WWDT began service on October 23, 1946, for one day of demonstrative programming; regular programming commenced on March 4, 1947, with the call letters changing to match the radio station, WWJ-TV two months later on May 15, and has been affiliated with the NBC television network since its sign-on, owing to WWJ radio's longtime association with the NBC Radio Network. The station changed its call letters to WDIV-TV in 1978 when it split from the WWJ radio stations upon its purchase by The Washington Post Company, and was Michigan's first television station.

Adoption of news and talk format
With the increasing popularity of FM radio and stereo broadcasting, 950 WWJ phased out its daytime middle of the road music programming in May 1971 and became a strictly news and talk station during the daytime hours (although for the first several years of the all-news format, the station simulcast the beautiful music format of WWJ-FM 97.1, during the overnight hours). The all-news format on WWJ has remained since then, enabling it to rank consistently among the Detroit area's most popular stations with adult listeners, occasionally finishing in first place in recent surveys.

In 1987, the Federal Broadcasting Corporation, run by David Herriman, purchased WWJ and its FM counterpart, WJOI, from the new owner of The Detroit News, the Gannett Company which was required to sell the stations immediately by the Federal Communications Commission because of cross-ownership rules in effect at that time. On March 9, 1989, CBS bought the stations, with its ownership being transferred to Infinity Broadcasting after CBS's 1996 acquisition of that group. (Infinity later returned to using the CBS Radio name.) From 1995 until 2017, it again had a television sister station when CBS purchased WGPR-TV (channel 62) in the wake of a NFL-related affiliation switch where CBS lost WJBK-TV as its affiliate, and channel 62's calls were changed to WWJ-TV on September 20, 1995 to trade off the goodwill of WWJ radio.

Along with "97.1 The Ticket," WWJ was the flagship station for Detroit Pistons basketball from 2009 to 2014. In 2013, all CBS-owned radio stations in Detroit moved their operations to the former Panasonic Building in Southfield.

On February 2, 2017, CBS Radio announced it would merge with Entercom. The merger was approved on November 9, 2017, and was consummated on the 17th. The company became Audacy, Inc. in 2021.

WWJ (AM) transmitter relocation and signal upgrade
When CBS acquired WGPR-TV in 1995 and changed it calls to WWJ-TV, it needed a site for a new transmission tower to improve the UHF TV station's coverage, and the WWJ radio transmitter site in Oak Park was partially dismantled (the taller north tower was razed) to make room for the television tower. The AM transmitter facility was subsequently relocated in late 1998, to a new six-tower array located in Monroe County, near Newport. The new site allowed WWJ to upgrade from 5,000 to 50,000 watts, greatly improving its nighttime signal in the Downriver communities, where it previously had a weak signal, due to the use of a directional antenna that protected the coverage areas of other stations on 950 kHz, including WNTD in Chicago, KKSE in Denver, KPRC in Houston, and WKDN in Philadelphia. The move was not without its disadvantages, as the new site's distance from commercially important Oakland County meant the signal, though adequate for home and outdoor listening, was difficult to receive inside office buildings. Even though WWJ was now using the maximum power permitted to AM stations in the United States, it was still considered to be a Regional station, because 950 AM is classified as a regional frequency in the U.S., on which only Class B stations and Class D stations may be assigned.

Notable former on-air staff

 * Mark Champion
 * Hugh Downs
 * Sonny Eliot
 * Paul Keels
 * Bill Kennedy
 * Byron MacGregor
 * Fred Manfra

Pioneer station status
Although WWJ is widely recognized as a pioneer broadcasting station, its exact status compared to other early U.S. stations, especially KDKA in Pittsburgh, also currently owned by Audacy, has been a source of contention for nearly a century. (KDKA began operating on November 2, 1920, initially under a temporary "Special Amateur" authorization as "8ZZ"). The disagreement over WWJ and KDKA has been long-standing, and controversial enough that some have gone out of their way to avoid becoming involved. This was on public display after the September 3, 1945, issue of Time magazine included a short note that the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) had recently endorsed WWJ's "claim to being the world's first commercial radio station," by concluding that KDKA "was ten and a half weeks younger." This assertion brought a quick denial from NAB President J. Harold Ryan, who sent a letter to the magazine stating that Time had misconstrued informational material sent out by the association, and: "It was not the intention, nor is it the prerogative of the NAB to attempt to decide the relative claims of two pioneer broadcasting stations."

One complicating factor is that the U.S. government initially did not have a formal definition of "broadcasting" or any specific regulations. In particular, there were no restrictions about broadcasting stations operating under amateur or experimental licenses. It was only effective December 1, 1921, that formal standards for broadcasting stations were adopted, which essentially grafted a broadcasting service definition onto the existing Limited Commercial license category, as an authorization issued to a select number of designated stations. (A license class dating back to 1912, not all Limited Commercial stations were authorized to make broadcasts. A specific "broadcasting station" license would not exist until one was established by the Federal Radio Commission in 1927.)

This has led to varying interpretations about which stations should be considered the "first" and the "oldest surviving" broadcasters. In addition, numerous qualifiers have been proposed, leading to competing views about the relative importance of factors such as "regular," "continuous," "scheduled", "publicized," "commercial," and "real" — all in a challenging effort to develop a consensus about fast-moving events that were not always well documented. An example of the existence of competing standards occurred in 1923, when the Department of Commerce stated that "The first broadcasting license was issued in September, 1921", a reference to the September 15, 1921, Limited Commercial license issued to WBZ in Springfield, Massachusetts, which appears to be the first to have stated that the station would be used exclusively for broadcasting, while transmitting on 360 meters, which would become the standard "entertainment" wavelength designated by the December 1, 1921, regulations. However, this particular interpretation has not been widely adopted.

In 1977, the Journal of Broadcasting published a study, "Broadcasting's Oldest Stations: An Examination of Four Claimants," authored by Joseph E. Baudino and John M. Kittross, which reviewed four early U.S. stations — KDKA, WWJ, WHA in Madison, Wisconsin and KCBS in San Francisco — contending for the title of the "oldest [surviving] station in the nation." The authors ultimately favored KDKA, although unmentioned by the review was the fact that lead author Baudino had formerly been that station's manager.

Based on the somewhat limited information available at the time, the authors eliminated WWJ on the grounds that "the evidence of a direct relationship between the licensee of 8MK and the licensee of WBL is very tenuous", and because supporting WWJ as the oldest U.S. station could only be done through "tortured reasoning." They also concluded that the Detroit News had not been significantly involved with radio broadcasting prior to the issuance of WBL's first license on October 13, 1921.

Baudino and Kittross' contention that there was only a "tenuous" relationship between 8MK and WBL/WWJ was the opposite of what WWJ staff had been saying for over half a century. During the years that the Detroit News operated WWJ, the newspaper's reviews had always stated that 8MK and WBL/WWJ were effectively the same station, which, although there had been call sign and license changes, had a continuous history as the "Detroit News Radiophone" dating to August 20, 1920. After leasing 8MK's DeForest OT-10 transmitter through Radio News & Music, the newspaper had assumed total responsibility for constructing and running the radio station, including hiring engineers and staff. The transfer from operating under 8MK's license to that of WBL's had minimal effect. The same DeForest OT-10 transmitter was being used, operating from the same location, and under the control of the same Detroit News employees who had been responsible for the 8MK broadcasts. Moreover, at the time of the switchover from 8MK to WBL, the News had informed its readers that, although the call sign and operating frequency were changing, the paper's broadcast service would continue, and "The Detroit News radio station... will transmit as before."

Publicity issued by WWJ regularly listed August 1920 as its founding date, but varied greatly when describing the station's historical significance. In an early example, a 1922 advertisement for the Detroit News merely stated that the paper deserved recognition for having "installed the first transmitting set in use by any newspaper." (At this time there was at least one other broadcasting station with a strong claim to predate both 8MK/WWJ and 8ZZ/KDKA, KZY in Oakland, California, which was a re-licensing of an experimental station: 6XC in San Francisco, also known as the "California Theater Station." 6XC had begun a wide-ranging selection of daily broadcasts around April 1920, and in 1921 Lee de Forest wrote that this was the "first radio-telephone station devoted solely" to broadcasting to the public. However, KZY would be deleted in early 1923.)

Later reviews became more sweeping in their claims. In 1934, an advertisement for WWJ included the contention that it was "America's Pioneer Broadcasting Station." While celebrating its 25th anniversary in August 1945, WWJ further claimed to have been the station where "commercial radio broadcasting began." ("First commercial station" status was also claimed by KDKA, in spite of the fact that both WWJ and KDKA were initially commercial-free and did not start to accept advertising until the mid-1920s, so in this case "commercial" appears to only mean that the station was under the control of a commercial enterprise.)

Largely ignored by WWJ and KDKA was a third station that had been reviewed in the Baudino and Kittross article, KCBS in San Francisco, which contended it was significantly older than both WWJ and KDKA. KCBS traced its history to a pre-World War One station operated by Charles "Doc" Herrold in San Jose, California. The station made test audio transmissions in 1909, and began broadcasting weekly concerts in 1912. Herrold's San Jose broadcasts were suspended during World War One when the U.S. government prohibited the operation of civilian radio stations, and after the war ended he did not return to the airwaves until May 1921. His experimental station was re-licensed in December 1921 as KQW, which later moved to San Francisco and became KCBS in 1949. Baudino and Kittross argued that this post-World War One gap disqualified KCBS from "oldest station" consideration, something neither KQW nor KCBS has agreed with, as program schedules for KQW appearing in 1925 included the slogan "Pioneer Broadcasting Station of the World." In 2009 KCBS celebrated its 100th birthday with a yearlong series of events throughout the Bay Area, including the public dedication of a plaque commemorating the "Centennial Celebration of the World's First Broadcasting Station." At the same time, KCBS adopted the slogan "The World's First Broadcasting Station".

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: WWJ (AM)


text:
Talk:Sheffield Steelers

Success
I have undone the edit which changed Sheffield from being "one of the most successful" to "the most successful" as it is debatable as to how that is defined.--JD554 07:58, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

Davey Lawrence
I've removed Davey Lawrence from the rosta as he hasn't been officially announced yet.--JD554 09:21, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:LogoSheffieldSteelers.jpg
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 * Fair use rationale has now been added to image and deletion tag removed --JD554 12:29, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Sheffield Steelers


text:
Talk:1992 Stanley Cup Finals

Could we ratchet down the vandalism talk?
The removal of the suspect sections by 99.192.118.141 and 142.68.235.244 are perfectly legit, and GoldDragon's repeated reversion of them without any explanatory edit summaries (except to claim that one removal - which carried an explanatory edit summary - was "vandalism") illegitimate.

This should be a no-brainer. The second paragraph is trivia, pure and simple. The first? "Despite the Penguins sweeping the Blackhawks, it was actually a close series that could have gone either way. Game 1 saw the Blackhawks squander leads of 3–0 and 4–1, and would eventually be beaten 5–4 after a Lemieux power-play goal with 9 seconds remaining in regulation. The Blackhawks most lackluster game was Game 2, losing 3–1. A frustrating loss of 1–0 followed in game 3, and a natural hat trick from Dirk Graham and stellar play from Dominik Hasek (who showed indications of the goaltender he would later become) could not secure a win in game 4, which ended in 6–5 final in favor of Pittsburgh." First sentence: POV. Second sentence: "squander?" Third sentence: "lackluster" = POV. Fourth sentence: "frustrating/stellar play" = POV. The paragraph is written in sportswriterese, and plainly from the POV of a Blackhawk fan; I doubt, for instance, that a Penguins fan would characterize any element of a sweep of the foe in the Cup finals "frustrating."

Obviously a summary of the individual games is needed. This one isn't it, and edit warring over this isn't helping.  RGTraynor  10:35, 13 February 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:1992 Stanley Cup Finals


text:
Talk:1998 Stanley Cup Finals

Just because they were one goal games, doesn't mean Washington didn't get beat pretty good — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.11.76.47 (talk) 16:56, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:1998 Stanley Cup Finals


text:
Talk:2000 Stanley Cup Finals

Quotes section
Regarding [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2000_Stanley_Cup_Finals&oldid=prev&diff=727350170 this edit]: please see the discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Ice Hockey/Archive66, and the previous discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Ice Hockey/Archive64. Based on strength of arguments, there is at present a consensus not to have a separate section for quotes. Please join the discussion at the WikiProject Ice Hockey talk page to discuss the matter further. isaacl (talk) 12:26, 28 June 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:2000 Stanley Cup Finals


text:
User talk:Erast

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
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Thank you for your fixes on analytic function. That was most likely me who wrote that thing incorrectly. I just have no idea how come I did not notice it. Oleg Alexandrov 15:27, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Erast


text: Talk:Jim Mahon Memorial Trophy

title: Talk:Jim Mahon Memorial Trophy


text: Talk:2004 Memorial Cup

title: Talk:2004 Memorial Cup


text:
Steroid diabetes

Steroid diabetes or steroid-induced diabetes is characterized as an unusual rise in blood sugar that is linked to the use of glucocorticoids in a patient who may or may not have had diabetes mellitus in the past.

Causes
Steroid diabetes is caused by the use of glucocorticoids.

Risk factors
Traditional risk factors for type 2 diabetes, such as advanced age, a family history of the disease, a high body mass index, and impaired glucose tolerance, are also suggested risk factors for steroid-induced diabetes, in addition to cumulative dosage and length of steroid course.

Glycemic control can be impacted by other immunosuppressive medications through different mechanisms, which could complicate the effects of glucocorticoid therapy. By inhibiting the production of insulin, calcineurin inhibitors, especially tacrolimus, are used in transplant patients, which increases their risk of developing glucose intolerance. Diabetes was linked to the concurrent use of mycophenalate mofetil in patients with lupus receiving high-dose steroid therapy; this could be explained by decreased insulin secretion due to elevated beta cell stress.

There is an inverse correlation between serum magnesium levels and glycemic control, according to several studies.

Although chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is thought to be a separate risk factor for the development of diabetes in both the general population and liver transplant recipients, liver disease is known to exacerbate impaired glucose tolerance.

Diagnosis
The American Diabetes Association defines the following criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes: a HbA1c of 6.5%, an 8-hour fasting blood glucose of 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL), a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL), or in patients exhibiting hyperglycemic symptoms, a random plasma glucose of ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL).

Treatment
Like with all forms of diabetes, lifestyle modification, including exercise and dietary counseling to offer options that might lessen post-prandial hyperglycemia, is the first step toward improving glycemic control.

Current guidelines may not adequately address this because the initiation of glucocorticoids can result in post-prandial hyperglycemia and the tapering of glucocorticoids can normalize glycemic control. The most accommodating option for patients is still basal bolus insulin therapy, which consists of three parts: basal insulin, prandial insulin, and supplemental correction factor insulin.

title: Steroid diabetes


text: Talk:2005 Memorial Cup

title: Talk:2005 Memorial Cup


text:
Sealdah railway station

Sealdah Railway Station (Bengali: শিয়ালদহ রেলওয়ে স্টেশন; Station Code:SDAH) is one of India's major railway terminals serving the city of Kolkata. It is the second largest railway station in India and West Bengal in terms of platforms, tracks and overall daily passenger holding capacity. The other main railway stations in the Kolkata metropolitan area are Howrah, Shalimar, Kolkata and Santragachi. Over 1.5 million passengers use the station daily. It is an important suburban rail terminal. Kolkata Metro Line 2 (Green Line) passes through Sealdah with the new underground Sealdah metro station.

History
The origins of Sealdah Station can be traced back to the mid-19th century when the British colonial administration initiated the construction of railways in India. The station was named after Frederick William Stevens, the then Governor-General of British India, who held the title of Lord Sealdah. Sealdah Station was officially opened to the public on December 2, 1862, as part of the Eastern Bengal Railway network from Calcutta to Kushtia. At the Calcutta end there was a tin-roofed station room. Sealdah railway station had a proper Station Building in 1869, designed by Mr Walter Glanville. The present Sealdah-Ranaghat line was a part of the Sealdah-Kushtia line and was subsequently extended to Goalundo Ghat.

Eastern Bengal Railway Company was registered in 1857 to establish railroad connection between Calcutta and Eastern part of undivided Bengal beyond Ganges(Padma). The first section was completed in January 1862 from Calcutta to Champahati. By May 1862 this extended to Port Canning. Ranaghat was connected in September 1862. Initially, the company was known as Eastern Bengal Guaranteed Railway and ran its trains on guaranteed lines. The guaranteed lines were constructed by companies formed in England. In 1862, the station was well established with 4 platforms

The tram terminus was located at Sealdah Station before the year 1978 from where the concept of horse tram carriage started. There was a tram terminus at Sealdah station. Trams departed from here towards Rajabazar, Howrah Station, Calcutta High Court, Dalhousie Square, Park Circus and Dharmatala. The first horse tram service of Kolkata was also started from Sealdah to Armenian Ghat, following the current route 14 & 16 between Lebutala & Dalhousie Square. The Sealdah–Lebutala & Dalhousie Square–Armenian Ghat (later extended to High Court) stretch is now closed. That terminus was demolished in 1978 also with the Sealdah–Lebutala tram track stretched through Boubazar Street for construction of the Sealdah flyover. Now tram services between Rajabazar–Esplanade, Park Circus–Burrabazar and other services pass through Sealdah. Currently, a car parking exists in place of the old tram terminus.

Operations
The north and south sections have a separate set of emerging tracks. The north and south sections are connected by two links: Dumdum–Majherhat link (popularly circular rail) and Bidhannagar Road–Park Circus link (extension of circular rail). These two links were constructed to quickly travel between the two sections, avoiding Sealdah.
 * There are three station terminals at Sealdah: Sealdah North, Sealdah Main and Sealdah South.
 * The North section consists of Sealdah North and Sealdah Main buildings. It has five platforms in North and 9 platforms in the main section. The platforms of North sections are 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5.
 * Sealdah main consists of platform no 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 & 14. One more platform is present beside platform no 14 which is used only by goods trains and high capacity parcel vans.
 * The South section consists of Sealdah South terminal, with seven platforms: 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 & 21.

For the financial department, there are DRMs Sr.DFMs and ADFMs to look over. Sealdah North acts as the suburban train terminal for the main division. The main division of Sealdah north operates trains plying between Kolkata and Hasnabad, Bandel, Gede, Ranaghat, Shantipur, Krishnanagar, Berhampore, Lalgola, Dankuni, Katwa, Bardhaman, Kanchrapara, Barrackpore, Kalyani, Kalyani Simanta and others. A narrow-gauge line earlier used to connect Shantipur and Krishnanagar but now it has been replaced with broad gauge. This narrow-gauge line further continued to Nabadwip Ghat and was formerly served by DMU trains (all other lines run EMU trains). Now the suburban train service is also extended from Krishnanagar to Lalgola, which part was previously served by electric loco-hauled trains only. Sealdah–Dankuni (via Vivekananda Setu) line connects Eastern Railway's Howrah–Bardhaman chord at Bally Halt (on a viaduct atop Bally station) and Dankuni. Naihati–Bandel (via Sampreeti Bridge) line connects Eastern Railway's Howrah–Bardhaman main line at Bandel Jn.

Now the poorly-patronized branch line between Dum Dum Cantonment and Biman Bandar railway station (Dum Dum Airport) is closed and replaced by Line 4 (under construction) of the Kolkata Metro.

Sealdah Main is the mail/express terminal for long-distance trains to northern, north-western, north-eastern and eastern India, through Dankuni line and Bandel line. Krishnanagar line is also serving long distance intrastate trains.

The South section, consisting of Sealdah South terminal, acts as the terminal for local trains plying between Kolkata and Budge Budge, Canning, Diamond Harbour and Namkhana.

There is also an EMU carshed at Sealdah (Narkeldanga). Other EMU carsheds are at Barasat and Sonarpur. A diesel shunter loco shed is also situated at adjacent Beliaghata. A rail coach factory is set to come up at Halishahar-Kanchrapara (Bijpur) region in North 24 Parganas.

Before partition in 1947 of India, trains used to run up to present day Bangladesh along Gede line and Bangaon line. Now Gede line is used by Maitree Express up to Dhaka and Bangaon line is used by Bandhan Express up to Khulna.

Lines

 * Sealdah–Dum Dum–Baranagar–Dakshineswar–Rajchandrapur–Baltikuri–Andul–Kharagpur
 * Sealdah–Dum Dum–Baranagar–Dakshineswar–Dankuni–Barddhaman
 * Sealdah–Dum Dum–Naihati–Kalyani–Kalyani Simanta
 * Sealdah–Dum Dum–Naihati–Kalyani–Ranaghat–Krishnanagar–Berhampore–Lalgola
 * Sealdah–Dum Dum–Naihati–Kalyani–Ranaghat–Kalinarayanpur–Krishnanagar
 * Sealdah–Dum Dum–Naihati–Kalyani–Ranaghat–Kalinarayanpur–Shantipur
 * Krishnanagar–Dignagar–Shantipur
 * Sealdah–Dum Dum–Naihati–Kalyani–Ranaghat–Gede
 * Sealdah–Dum Dum–Naihati–Bandel–Barddhaman
 * Sealdah–Dum Dum–Naihati–Bandel–Ambika Kalna–Nabadwip Dham–Katwa
 * Sealdah–Dum Dum–Barasat–Bongaon
 * Sealdah–Dum Dum–Barasat–Basirhat–Hasnabad
 * Ranaghat–Majhergram–Bongaon
 * Sealdah–Ballygunge–Majerhat–BBD Bag–Kolkata
 * Sealdah–Ballygunge–Majerhat–Budge Budge
 * Sealdah–Ballygunge–Jadavpur–New Garia–Sonarpur–Champahati–Ghutiari Sharif–Canning
 * Sealdah–Ballygunge–Jadavpur–New Garia–Sonarpur–Baruipur–Magrahat–Diamond Harbour
 * Sealdah–Ballygunge–Jadavpur–New Garia–Sonarpur–Baruipur–Jaynagar Majilpur–Lakshmikantapur–Kakdwip–Namkhana

Executive lounge
IRCTC opened the first executive lounge at this station, the first in any of the main stations in the state of West Bengal. In 2019, on the occasion of Bengali New Year, the lounge was opened. It covers around 2,500 sq ft area, and has free Wi-Fi, showers, foods, newspapers, TV, cloak room facilities available. Though on the first floor, it is next to the elevator to make it accessible to wheelchair users.

 * The station has a first class air conditioning waiting room and a resting area with bedding facilities.
 * Google provides RailWire free high-speed Wi-Fi.
 * The station also has many IRCTC food court and restaurants including Haldiram, Jan-Ahaar, Mio Amore and Wow Momos.
 * Amazon India has launched an Amazon kiosk in the non-ticketing zone, where passengers can pick up their parcels.
 * The station has a large reservation ticketing zone where passengers can book their tickets in advance.

Sealdah Metro Station
Sealdah metro station is an operational station on Line 2 (Green Line) of the Kolkata Metro, located in Sealdah, Kolkata. The underground station adjoins with the Sealdah railway station of the Indian Railways on its eastern side.

Important trains

 * Sealdah Rajdhani
 * Darjeeling Mail
 * Sealdah-New Alipurduar Padatik Superfast Express
 * Sealdah–Puri Duronto Express
 * Sealdah Bikaner Duronto Express

title: Sealdah railway station


text:
Talk:Western Hockey League

Timeline
I felt the WHL timeline was rather redundant when I added the WHL's history to the article. I didn't want to delete it altogether though, so I have moved it to it's own page: Timeline of WHL history. (or at least I will when the server lets me create a new page rather than just edit an existing one) Resolute 00:37, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

Edmonton
Has the Edmonton expansion team been confirmed yet?I live in Edmonton and need to know. User:Killswitch Engage

 * Yes it has, although other than the fact that Edmonton Investors Group will own it I don't believe there's any information. BoojiBoy 01:21, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:WesternHockeyLeague.png

 * Fixed. Resolute 04:59, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

Mentioning Hockey Teams
There is no mention of the Victoria Team being relocated to Prince George to become the Prince George Cougars. 2604:3D08:A57F:4300:55F7:3CB2:D979:7A1F (talk) 04:53, 5 December 2023 (UTC)
 * It is mentioned in the section "Timeline of franchises (since 1966)". Flibirigit (talk) 11:52, 5 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Western Hockey League


text:
Talk:Everett Silvertips

Has logo, but still needs a photo
Although this article has a logo, it still would benefit from a photo of the team or a game. Peaceray (talk) 21:31, 23 August 2015 (UTC)

Team Identity
Would it be appropriate to add a section named "Team Identity" where we can add information about the logos used and jerseys? Only the team colors and two logos are mentioned, but there is no information about the team's jersey kits. Also, add any other information that is relevant to the team identity that is already mentioned. That would help readers more informed of the team's appearance and aware of the Silvertips. LuckyNumberThree (talk) 07:13, 14 March 2019 (UTC)
 * You are welcome to add that kind of section, but please look at other hockey articles so that you can use a similar format. All information must be cited from secondary sources, and old logos must be uploaded in compliance with the non-free image criteria.  Sounder Bruce  07:18, 14 March 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Everett Silvertips


text: User talk:69.210.165.198

title: User talk:69.210.165.198


text:
Talk:Medicine Hat Tigers

Fair use rationale for Image:Medicine Hat Tigers logo.png
Image:Medicine Hat Tigers logo.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 22:37, 5 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Fixed. Resolute 22:50, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Medicine Hat Tigers


text:
Talk:Vancouver Giants

History
Added some history on the giants just by looking up the WHL seasons. the TRUTH 03:20, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Vancouver.gif
Image:Vancouver.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 16:12, 21 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Fixed. Resolute 16:32, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

The Giants
Hi, You keep editing the Vancouver Giants wiki page. You keep removing one of the owners. Please check the official giants page before you remove again, or just search up news articles from the past, as you can see, the name you keep removing has been an owner since the start. http://web.archive.org/web/20030517023754/http://chl.ca/WHLNews0102/sep20_whl.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.50.66.67 (talk • contribs)
 * Thank you for providing your sources. You should add them each time you make an edit to Wikipedia. Flibirigit (talk) 16:44, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

Claude Noel
What is Noel's status with the Giants. Is he the Giants coach, or not? According to the Giants official website, he's no longer coach. GoodDay (talk) 18:02, 16 May 2015 (UTC)
 * GoodDay, Noël's not the head coach any more. — CÉDRIC TSÄN CANTONAIS  SAYS NO TO I.P. EDITS! 19:52, 21 May 2015 (UTC)

Diacritics
When I add in the missing diacritics at French Wikipedia, I get thanked. When I do it here, I get screwed. Time to catch the heck up, English Wikipedia! It's "Milan Lučić " — CÉDRIC TSÄN CANTONAIS  SAYS NO TO I.P. EDITS! 19:54, 21 May 2015 (UTC)
 * As you should be. They're not used in English, except in cases of hypercorrection. 208.81.212.222 (talk) 20:25, 21 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Oh, and it's "Milan Lucic ". What's your source for the version with diacritics? I imagine I can find ten for every on you find. 208.81.212.222 (talk) 23:27, 27 May 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vancouver Giants


text:
Pierce Manufacturing

Pierce Manufacturing is a U.S. company based in Appleton, Wisconsin that manufactures customized fire and rescue apparatus. A wholly owned subsidiary of Oshkosh Corporation, Pierce was acquired in 1996. It is currently one of the largest fire apparatus company in the US. The company was founded in 1913 by Humphrey Pierce and his son Dudley as the Pierce Auto Body Works Inc., and concentrated on building custom truck bodies for the Ford Model T. The first production facility was designed in 1917 and enlarged in 1918 by architect Wallace W. DeLong. From the 1960s to the early 1980s, Pierce was primarily known for building custom bodies on commercial and other manufacturer's custom chassis, and was considered an original equipment manufacturer (OEM).

Although the Arrow name was used for its first custom chassis which debuted in 1979, the company has no affiliation with George N. Pierce's famous Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company of Buffalo, New York, which operated from 1901 to 1938. However, the Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company coincidentally supplied 8- and 12-cylinder engines to Seagrave for use in their fire apparatus. These engines continued to be made even after Pierce-Arrow ceased operation in 1938. Seagrave continued to deliver fire apparatus with the "Pierce-Arrow" V-12 until 1970.

Throughout the years, Pierce has had partnerships with various other manufacturers, notably when it came to aerial devices (it now engineers and builds all its own aerial devices in-house). Such aerial manufacturers included Snorkel, Pitman, Aerial Innovations (AI), Ladder Towers Incorporated (LTI), Smeal, Bronto Skylift and Nova Quintech (whose assets Pierce/Oshkosh acquired in 1997). In addition to its main facilities in Wisconsin, it also has facilities in Bradenton, Florida. The Florida facility is a manufacturing site for the custom Saber chassis and Responder line of apparatus. Currently (December 4, 2017) Pierce is the largest manufacturer of firefighting apparatus in the United States. End-users are represented across a larger majority of the planet, including China. The single largest municipal fleet of Pierce Manufacturing apparatus is located within the 407 square miles of Fairfax County, Virginia. (Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department)

In September 2021, Pierce acquired an ownership interest in fire engine manufacturer Boise Mobile Equipment (BME) of Boise, Idaho.

Discontinued

 * Arrow (1980–2002)
 * Contender (1999–2010)
 * Dash (1984–1999)
 * Dash D-8000 (1988–1992)
 * Dash 2000 (1999–2007)
 * Dash CF (2011–2020)
 * Arrow XT (2003-2023)
 * Enforcer (2000–2007; reintroduced in 2014)
 * Javelin (1990–1993)
 * Lance (1985–1993)
 * Lance II (1993–1999)
 * Lance 2000 (1999–2007)
 * Quantum (1995-2023)

Commercial chassis

 * Ford
 * Freightliner
 * Kenworth
 * International
 * Peterbilt

Apparatus

 * Rearmount and midmount steel aerial ladders
 * Rearmount aluminum aerial ladders
 * Rearmount and midmount steel aerial platforms
 * Rearmount aluminum aerial platforms
 * Tractor drawn steel aerial ladders
 * Telescoping and/or articulating water tower booms
 * Standard and rescue midmount pumpers
 * Standard and rescue rearmount pumpers
 * Pumper-tankers/tankers/tenders and elliptical tankers/tenders
 * Mini pumpers
 * Wildland/brush pumpers (Types 1 through 6)
 * Walk-in and non-walk-in heavy rescues
 * Walk-in and non-walk-in medium rescues
 * Walk-in and non-walk-in light rescues
 * Homeland security vehicles
 * Command, communication, and rehab vehicles
 * Foam proportioning systems
 * Fire Patrol Trucks

title: Pierce Manufacturing


text:
Talk:Czech Extraliga

Fair use rationale for Image:O2 Extraliga logo.jpg
Image:O2 Extraliga logo.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 10:13, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Tipsport Extraliga.gif
Image:Tipsport Extraliga.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 20:07, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Czech Extraliga