text:
Talk:Snuba

Advertisement?
This reads like an advertisement from the Snuba people. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.129.171.180 (talk • contribs)

 * You should have seen it before the deletion discussion. Nevertheless the subject is clearly notable (as shown by the press coverage). The problem with a niche topic is always going to be that most of the sources relate to self-published websites, which can result in a promotional bias in the article. There is a tension between having an almost empty stub and a more fleshed-out article which depends on self-published sources. It would be nice to find other, independent sources and re-write accordingly. Any offers? --RexxS (talk) 22:32, 26 April 2010 (UTC)

 * In order to make this article more encyclopaedic, it should say that Snuba is one of a number of surface-supplied, shallow-water recreational diving systems. The problem is this: is there a recognized generic term for this type of diving?  Does 'Brownie's Third Lung' also count?  If so the article should be about the generic form of diving (as is the case with the Scuba diving article), mentioning all of the major systems that have been developed.  I'm not an expert here, so we need good guidance from someone independent who is.

 * Please do not delete the article though – it is too important. --Wally Tharg (talk) 15:37, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

"Patented"
"Snuba is an underwater breathing system, patented by Snuba International" is misleading to the extent that the patent expired in 2008. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.34.80.90 (talk) 23:15, 11 December 2010 (UTC)
 * That would be worth mentioning if you have a source to refer the information to. I've done a minor copyedit to present the information about the patent in a less prominent position. --RexxS (talk) 00:10, 12 December 2010 (UTC)

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No compressible dive suit
In the Popularity section, there's a claim that snuba divers don't have the same problems with buoyancy change because of "no compressible dive suit". I can see that snuba is advertised at [Catalina Island]], where the water temperature is around 15 Celsius (59 F) in May. I'm sure I'd quite quickly be hypothermic in that water temperature without a wetsuit several millimetres thick. I'm normally scuba diving in a dry suit at that temperature, so I have a great deal of scepticism about the claim in the article. It needs to be cited or removed. --RexxS (talk) 00:28, 27 May 2016 (UTC)
 * There are two different issues here with the same edit, the emergency buoyancy system, and the statement that snuba divers the are neutrally buoyant at all depths since they don't wear a compressible dive suit. The snuba website makes no mention of dive suits or emergency flotation systems (except for flotation vests for children) but I agree with User:RexxS that there may certainly be situations where this is not the case. Snuba diving in cold water would certainly require a dive suit. That's no different from scuba diving where suits are required in cold water but not in warm water. As for the emergency buoyancy system, I don't see anything preventing a buoyancy system (albeit a low pressure one) from being used. Some operators may choose to do so.
 * A bigger concern I have is the question (previously raised by RexxS and User:Wally Tharg ) of why this article exists, at least under this name. This appears to be nothing but a trade name for one particular variant of Surface-supplied diving. So they use tanks on a raft instead of a compressor. Big deal. The patents have expired so there may well be other companies producing similar products. It looks to me like this should either be merged into Surface-supplied diving or renamed and rewritten to be less specific to the originating company. Meters (talk) 15:37, 27 May 2016 (UTC)
 * That's just plain wrong because you can change your buoyancy by breathing, and very much so. You're never completely neutral while underwater until someone invents a non-compressible lung for you (hint: won't happen). Also, the most drastic change in buoancy is in the first 10 meters of dive, since you double the pressure and thus halve the volume of whatever you're compressing (hint: your lungs). MikeTango (talk) 22:52, 13 January 2017 (UTC)
 * No, I'm afraid you're very much mistaken about how much you can change your buoyancy without an auxiliary compensator. You can change your buoyancy by breathing to the extent that you can alter the volume of your lungs. There is a certain degree of rigidity in the chest wall that prevents free-divers from complete lung collapse, but for a diver using compressed air via a demand valve, the lungs do not compress at all because he air in them is at the same pressure as the surrounding water. Nevertheless it is quite normal as a scuba diver to trim your buoyancy by altering the volume of air in the lungs by a small amount. However, once you get beyond the range of the normal tidal volume, holding that lung volume becomes uncomfortable and divers will adjust their mechanical buoyancy compensator to bring the mean lung volume back within the normal range. Now, for most folks, tidal volume is only about 0.5 litres, which will provide buoyancy adjustment of 0.5 kilogram at best. That's perfectly adequate for fine tuning your buoyancy around neutral. Divers who train regularly may learn to extend their comfort zone beyond that, but vital capacity seldom exceeds 4 litres and trying to make use of the extremes of that really would be uncomfortable, if not downright dangerous. It's likely that someone who's dive-fit can vary their volume (and hence buoyancy) by about 1 litre within their comfort zone. Next, consider the volume of a wetsuit. An average adult body has about 1.7 m2 of surface area. A full wetsuit, perhaps with hood and boots will have almost that much, let's say 1,600 cm2. That means that even 2 mm of suit compression produces a buoyancy change of 1600 x 0.2 cm3 = 3,200 ml. That's over 3 litres or 3 kg of buoyancy change just from the compression of a thin 3–4 mm wetsuit. You're not going to balance that out just by breathing. A cold weather suit of 8 mm thick neoprene will compress by almost 4 mm in the first 10 metres of the dive, producing a buoyancy change of as much as 6 kg. That's why we have BCs. --RexxS (talk) 03:39, 14 January 2017 (UTC)
 * No, I'm afraid you're very much mistaken about how much you can change your buoyancy without an auxiliary compensator. You can change your buoyancy by breathing to the extent that you can alter the volume of your lungs. There is a certain degree of rigidity in the chest wall that prevents free-divers from complete lung collapse, but for a diver using compressed air via a demand valve, the lungs do not compress at all because he air in them is at the same pressure as the surrounding water. Nevertheless it is quite normal as a scuba diver to trim your buoyancy by altering the volume of air in the lungs by a small amount. However, once you get beyond the range of the normal tidal volume, holding that lung volume becomes uncomfortable and divers will adjust their mechanical buoyancy compensator to bring the mean lung volume back within the normal range. Now, for most folks, tidal volume is only about 0.5 litres, which will provide buoyancy adjustment of 0.5 kilogram at best. That's perfectly adequate for fine tuning your buoyancy around neutral. Divers who train regularly may learn to extend their comfort zone beyond that, but vital capacity seldom exceeds 4 litres and trying to make use of the extremes of that really would be uncomfortable, if not downright dangerous. It's likely that someone who's dive-fit can vary their volume (and hence buoyancy) by about 1 litre within their comfort zone. Next, consider the volume of a wetsuit. An average adult body has about 1.7 m2 of surface area. A full wetsuit, perhaps with hood and boots will have almost that much, let's say 1,600 cm2. That means that even 2 mm of suit compression produces a buoyancy change of 1600 x 0.2 cm3 = 3,200 ml. That's over 3 litres or 3 kg of buoyancy change just from the compression of a thin 3–4 mm wetsuit. You're not going to balance that out just by breathing. A cold weather suit of 8 mm thick neoprene will compress by almost 4 mm in the first 10 metres of the dive, producing a buoyancy change of as much as 6 kg. That's why we have BCs. --RexxS (talk) 03:39, 14 January 2017 (UTC)

Relationship to surface-supplied diving (hookah)
I'm surprised we don't mention that this is a form of surface-supplied diving, or "hookah" diving, which uses essentially identical gear. What sets Snuba apart is the system of training and supervision that surrounds it. I'll take a closer look another day, but would welcome any comments on why the articles are structured this way. The Uninvited Co., Inc. 15:14, 12 March 2017 (UTC)
 * I think that the opening sentence "Snuba is form of surface-supplied diving that uses an underwater breathing system ..." satisfies part of your concern. My own view is that snuba's use as a form of recreational diving with untrained participants is the pivotal difference from more common uses of surface-supplied diving, almost all of which are commercial. Of course that results in the huge difference in training and supervision that you recognise, so I certainly don't disagree with your assessment. The way the article is structured at present results partially from it being popular with some contributors who seem to have an interest in "selling" the concept. That's not ideal and we do our best to keep the tone encyclopedic, but there are not many sources outside of travel blogs and scuba forums to build a balanced article from. I'd certainly welcome your further thoughts on improving the article. Cheers --RexxS (talk) 17:20, 12 March 2017 (UTC)
 * I think that the opening sentence "Snuba is form of surface-supplied diving that uses an underwater breathing system ..." satisfies part of your concern. My own view is that snuba's use as a form of recreational diving with untrained participants is the pivotal difference from more common uses of surface-supplied diving, almost all of which are commercial. Of course that results in the huge difference in training and supervision that you recognise, so I certainly don't disagree with your assessment. The way the article is structured at present results partially from it being popular with some contributors who seem to have an interest in "selling" the concept. That's not ideal and we do our best to keep the tone encyclopedic, but there are not many sources outside of travel blogs and scuba forums to build a balanced article from. I'd certainly welcome your further thoughts on improving the article. Cheers --RexxS (talk) 17:20, 12 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Snuba


text: Template:Districts of Uganda

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Template:Districts of Uganda


text:
Hervor

Hervör (Old Norse: Hervǫr) is the name shared by two female characters in the Tyrfing Cycle, presented in The Saga of Hervör and Heidrek with parts found in the Poetic Edda. The first, the Viking Hervör, challenged her father Angantýr's ghost in his gravemound for his cursed sword Tyrfing. She had a son, Heidrek, father of the other Hervör. The second Hervör was a commander killed in battle with her brother.

The two are thought by some academics to be the same character, duplicated.

Childhood
Hervör was born after her father Angantyr died during a duel against the Swedish hero Hjalmar. Her mother was Svafa, who was daughter of a Jarl Bjarmar. Rather than take on sewing or be raised as a bond-maid like other girls, Hervör proved to be as strong as the boys and learned archery, swordsmanship, and horse riding.

She dressed like a man, fought, killed and pillaged under her male surname Hjörvard. When she learned of her father's identity, she decided to live as her father and to find Tyrfing, the magic sword.

Summoning the dead

One day, Hervör arrived with her fleet to Munarvágr on Samsø (Samsey), but she was the only one who dared go ashore upon the haunted island. The remainder of her crew feared the nightly activities around the barrows on the island. As she approached the barrows, she saw a fire shining above them, and she approached the largest one. She then spoke with a loud voice summoning her father Angantyr to reveal himself. She said that as his daughter she was entitled to her rightful inheritance, the cursed sword Tyrfing. She went on to summon her eleven uncles and did so with such a loud voice and such harsh words that finally, her father's voice was heard and he asked not to pursue her quest. She did not give in but continued to ask for her rightful inheritance.

Finally, the grave opened, and in its centre, a fire was shining. There she saw her father, and he warned her not to ask for the sword as it would bring death to their whole clan if she used it. Still, she persisted. Finally the sword was cast out of the grave, and she eagerly gripped it, bid farewell to her dead kinsmen and walked to the shore.

However, when she arrived at the shore, the ships were gone. Her crew had been scared away by the fires and the thunder from the barrows.

After retrieving Tyrfing
Eventually, she managed to leave the island and arrived at the court of Gudmund of Glæsisvellir. She still dressed herself as a man and called herself Hervarðr. Cunningly, she helped the king to win playing tafl. However, she also slew a courtier who tried to unsheathe Tyrfing after she had left it on a chair. Then, she resumed her Viking activities, and travelled far and wide.

Settling down
After a while she grew tired of the adventures and returned to her foster-father Bjartmar. At Bjartmar's residence, she began sewing and embroidering like other girls, and was considered to be a beautiful and good-mannered girl.

King Gudmund's son Höfund, then arrived to ask for her hand, and she agreed. The old king Gudmund arranged a grand wedding, and entrusted the kingdom in the hands of the young couple. They lived happily and had two sons who were given the names Angantyr and Heidrek.

The sword Tyrfing would continue its ill work, and Heidrek slew his brother Angantyr with the sword. For the continued adventures of Tyrfing, see Heidrek.

Hervör, daughter of Heidrek
Heidrek had a daughter who he named Hervör. She was a shieldmaiden and was the commander of a Gothic fort facing Myrkviðr, and she would fall in battle against the Huns (see Hlöd, Hlöðskviða). When her foster-father Ormar reported Hervör's death to king Angantyr, he said: When King Angantyr heard this, he grinned and was slow to speak, but at last he said:
 * Óbróðurliga vartu leikin, in ágæta systir.
 * "Unbrotherly the bloody game they played with you, excellent sister."

title: Hervor


text:
Talk:The Economic Consequences of the Peace

Old AfD
This page was nominated for deletion on April 7, 2005. The archived discussion is here. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 19:35, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Post War Settlement
The paragraph "Post War Settlement" should not be in this article, since it appears to be describing World War II, not World War I. "Economic Consequences" was written just after World War I.  I'm giving fair warning to delete this paragraph. DEddy (talk) 02:11, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

The Political Consequences of the Peace
Shouldn't this page contain at least a mention about "The Political Consequences of the Peace" from Jacques Bainville ? As this book seems to have been more prophetic about the interwar period leading to WWII (Jacques Bainville) than "The Economic Consequences of the Peace". "A peace too harsh in its mild features, too mild in its harsh aspects". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.45.249.136 (talk) 11:58, 9 August 2016 (UTC)
 * I thought that the above comment had a point, but unfortunately the book appears to be available only in French. At least I've been unable to locate an English edition. Beyond My Ken (talk) 20:15, 17 September 2017 (UTC)
 * You can find a translation on http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~purslow/bv/bv.pdf but the translator doesn't allow any use of it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.45.249.136 (talk) 15:45, 9 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I'll take a look. Beyond My Ken (talk) 16:08, 9 July 2018 (UTC)

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Numbers by Mantoux
The numbers by Mantoux mentioned in "Reception" appear to be cherry picked: why 1929? Do the numbers for coal export include the reparations and the shipping to the Saar, which were not previously exports but were necessary for the area to continue its industrial activities? Are the figures for national savings adjusted for inflation?

It's also incorrect that Keynes "predicted" certain figures, he merely says that without certain macroeconomic pre-conditions it would be impossible to achieve certain outcomes. Keynes also says that technological development may change the situation later, so the increase in efficiency by 1929 confirms what Keynes said rather than disprove it.

The removal of was also incorrect. A point Keynes makes repeatedly is that Germany would need foreign currency or alternative financial systems to rebuild its industry and pay for the necessary imports of food and raw materials (especially iron ore which used to come from the Saar). The article World War I reparations likes to stress that the USA did provide such financial assistance, even mentioning a certain figure for GDP and stressing one USA historian's view that «the Germans largely escaped paying for the war and instead shifted the costs onto American investors». Keynes correctly predicted that financial assistance from USA was the only possibility and that by keeping up the appearance of reparations it would only be magnified. Nemo 08:22, 21 January 2019 (UTC)

Source of Summary
The current summary of the article is basically identical to the very first version of the whole article from 2005. It is unclear where that version came from, but identical text appears at various sources, such as a book-cover or as another summary at Librivox, where it is ascribed to the reader himself (Graham McMillan). I have my doubts that these are reliable sources.

While that may not affect much of the summary, it does leave the second, quite important passage regarding the League of Nations and appeasement without a reliable source. In my view that section should be removed. -Muhali (talk) 10:05, 8 July 2019 (UTC)

amazing assertions that are not backed by sources
maybe I am wrong, but this article should be removed from wiki as it makes the most amazing assertions without sources, eg this paragraph The book was a best-seller throughout the world and was critical in establishing a general opinion that the treaties were a "Carthaginian peace" designed to crush the defeated Central Powers, especially Germany. It helped to consolidate American public opinion against the treaties and against joining the League of Nations. The perception by much of the British public that Germany had been treated unfairly was, in turn, a crucial factor in later public support for the appeasement of Hitler. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.245.17.105 (talk) 14:29, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

In Our Time discussion of the book
BBC Radio 4's In Our Time discussed the book in September 2023. The expert guests were Margaret MacMillan, Michael Cox, and Patricia Clavin.< Radio 4's In Our Time discussed the book in September 2023. The expert guests were Margaret MacMillan, Michael Cox, and Patricia Clavin. Radio 4's In Our Time discussed the book in September 2023. The expert guests were Margaret MacMillan, Michael Cox, and Patricia Clavin. JezGrove (talk) 16:20, 29 September 2023 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Pahoehoe fountain.gif

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 17:54, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

Featured picture candidates/Pahoehoe fountain.gif
Accidental duplicate of Featured picture candidates/Incandescent Pahoehoe fountain. Now that the votes are well established on that page, this one should be deleted to avoid confusion. -- Solipsist 19:36, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * A redirect would've avoided pointless administrivia. But might as well delete since you brought it up. —Korath (Talk) 21:58, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Nasdaq, Inc.

Nasdaq, Inc. is an American multinational financial services corporation that owns and operates three stock exchanges in the United States: the namesake Nasdaq stock exchange, the Philadelphia Stock Exchange, and the Boston Stock Exchange, and seven European stock exchanges: Nasdaq Copenhagen, Nasdaq Helsinki, Nasdaq Iceland, Nasdaq Riga, Nasdaq Stockholm, Nasdaq Tallinn, and Nasdaq Vilnius. It is headquartered in New York City, and its president and chief executive officer is Adena Friedman.

Historically, the European operations have been known by the company name OMX AB (Aktiebolaget Optionsmäklarna/Helsinki Stock Exchange), which was created in 2003 upon a merger between OM AB and HEX plc. The operations have been part of Nasdaq, Inc. (formerly known as Nasdaq OMX Group) since February 2008. They are now known as Nasdaq Nordic, which provides financial services and operates marketplaces for securities in the Nordic and Baltic regions of Europe.

1980–2008: European bourses merged in OMX AB
OM AB (Optionsmäklarna) was a futures exchange founded by Olof Stenhammar in the 1980s to introduce trading in standardized option contracts in Sweden. OM acquired the Stockholm Stock Exchange in 1998 and unsuccessfully attempted acquisition of the London Stock Exchange in 2001. During the dot-com bubble in the early 21st century, OM, together with investment bank Morgan Stanley Dean Witter, launched a virtual European stock exchange called Jiway. The project was not successful and was canceled on October 14, 2002.

On September 3, 2003, the Helsinki Stock Exchange (HEX) merged with OM, and the joint company became OMHEX. On August 31, 2004, the brand name of the company was changed to OMX. OMX then acquired the Copenhagen Stock Exchange in January 2005 for €164 million. On September 19, 2006, the Iceland Stock Exchange owner Eignarhaldsfelagid Verdbrefathing (EV) announced it would be acquired by OMX in a deal valuing the company at 250 million SEK. The transaction was completed by the end of the year.

The company took a 10% stake in Oslo Børs Holding ASA, the owner of the Oslo Stock Exchange in October 2006. As of September 2016, Nasdaq is not a major shareholder in the Oslo Stock Exchange holding company, which following a merger is currently called Oslo Børs VPS Holding ASA. Nasdaq has, however, publicly stated its interest in eventually acquiring the Oslo Stock Exchange.

In November 2007, OMX acquired the Armenian Stock Exchange and the Central Depository of Armenia.

In December 2005, OMX started First North, an alternative exchange for smaller companies, in Denmark. The First North exchange expanded to Stockholm in June 2006, Iceland in January 2007 and Helsinki in April 2007. The Markets Technology division of Computershare was acquired in 2006. The acquisition greatly expanded its product offerings and made its client list the largest of all trading system technology providers.

On October 2, 2006, the group launched a virtual Nordic Stock Exchange after merging the individual lists of shares traded at its three wholly owned Nordic exchanges into a combined Nordic List. Companies listed on the Iceland Stock Exchange have also since been merged into the list. OMX also launched a pan-regional benchmark index known as the OMX Nordic 40 on the same date; however, the individual exchanges have also retained their own national benchmark indices.

2006–2007: Attempted acquisition of the London Stock Exchange
In December 2005, the London Stock Exchange Group (LSE) rejected a £1.6 billion takeover offer from Macquarie Bank. The LSE described the offer as "derisory". It then received a bid in March 2006 for £2.4 billion from NASDAQ, which was also rejected by the LSE. NASDAQ later pulled its bid, and less than two weeks later on April 11, 2006, struck a deal with LSE's largest shareholder, Ameriprise Financial's Threadneedle Asset Management unit, to acquire all of that firm's stake, consisting of 35.4 million shares, at £11.75 per share. NASDAQ also purchased 2.69 million additional shares, resulting in a total stake of 15%. While the seller of those shares was undisclosed, it occurred simultaneously with a sale by Scottish Widows of 2.69 million shares. The move was seen as an effort to force LSE to negotiate either a partnership or eventual merger, as well as to block other suitors such as NYSE Euronext, owner of the New York Stock Exchange.

Subsequent purchases increased NASDAQ's stake to 29%, holding off competing bids for several months. However, only a further 0.4% of shareholders accepted the offer by the deadline and therefore the offer was rejected on February 10, 2007.

2007: Acquisition of the Boston and Philadelphia exchanges
On October 2, 2007, Nasdaq purchased the Boston Stock Exchange. On November 7, Nasdaq announced an agreement to purchase the Philadelphia Stock Exchange.

2007: Creation

On May 25, 2007, NASDAQ agreed to buy OMX for US$3.7 billion. In August, however, Borse Dubai offered US$4 billion, prompting speculation of a bidding war. On September 20, 2007, Borse Dubai agreed to stop competing to buy OMX in return for a 20% stake and 5 percent of votes in NASDAQ as well as NASDAQ's then 28% stake in the London Stock Exchange. In a complex transaction, Borse Dubai acquired 97.2% of OMX's outstanding shares before selling them on to NASDAQ. The newly merged company was renamed the NASDAQ OMX Group upon completion of the deal on February 27, 2008.

On June 18, 2012, NASDAQ became a founding member of the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges initiative on the eve of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20).

2012: Acquisition of Thomson Reuters businesses
On December 12, 2012, NASDAQ OMX announced that it would acquire parts of Thomson Reuters for $390 million in cash. This deal included its investor relations, public relations and multimedia businesses. NASDAQ OMX completed the purchase on June 3, 2013.

2017: Launch of Nasdaq Ventures
In April 2017, Nasdaq launched Nasdaq Ventures, a venture investment program focused on companies that will help Nasdaq grow its product lines and open new market segments. The first 3 companies announced as part of the program are Chain, a blockchain technology company; Digital Reasoning, cognitive computing technology; and Hanweck, real-time risk analytics.

2018: Bid for Oslo Stock Exchange
During Christmas of 2018, shareholders representing 25% of Oslo Børs VPS Holding (the Norwegian Stock Exchange and national CSD operator) held a private auction of share sale. Nasdaq did not participate in the auction due to the hostile nature of the bid (held without Oslo Børs boards knowledge or approval). Euronext won the auction, and later secured another 24.6% of shareholder support, totaling 49.6%. Following this, Nasdaq acquired 32.5% shares in open market (mainly from individual shareholders/employees), and submitted an official bid, with unanimous recommendations from board and some key shareholders, to acquire remaining shares for 152 NOK, and later increased offer to 158 NOK (or almost 44% premium of December 17, 2018 closing price, to match Euronext offer), additionally making the case to Norway's markets regulator that in cases like this, 2/3 of the share control may be necessary to comply with any applicable regulatory requirement. In the end the regulator did not side with the two-thirds requirements, and general majority was deemed to be applicable. Euronext by that time had acquired or secured control of 50.5% shares, and Nasdaq had announced on May 25, 2019, that they were pulling out of the Oslo Børs battle, handing Euronext the victory.

2023: Acquisition of Adenza
In June 2023, Nasdaq announced that it had agreed to acquire Adenza from Thoma Bravo in a $10.5 billion cash-and-stock deal, the biggest for the US exchange operator to date. As part of the deal, Thoma Bravo would get a 15percent stake in Nasdaq.

Additional services
NASDAQ Inc. partners with stock exchanges all over the world. One of the most recent partnerships was signed with Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) in May 2017. According to the agreement, NASDAQ will power Kazakhstan's nascent stock exchange, the AIX (Astana International Exchange).

Global Information Services
In January 2013, NASDAQ OMX announced that it would combine its global data products and index businesses into a unit called Global Information Services, as part of an ongoing effort to broaden its portfolio.

Directors Desk
On June 29, 2007, NASDAQ entered into an agreement to acquire DirectorsDesk.com, a management suite for boards of directors.

GlobeNewswire
GlobeNewswire (previously PrimeNewswire) provides press release, editing and wire services. It was founded in 1998 and acquired by NASDAQ OMX in 2006. It was sold to Intrado in April 2018.

SMARTS
On July 27, 2010, NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. acquired SMARTS Group, a provider of market surveillance systems to exchanges, regulators and brokers. SMARTS Group had been a private company operating in Sydney, Australia, incorporating the market analysis software of Michael James Aitken. By 2017 SMARTS remained the leading market surveillance software, and was employed by thirteen regulators on forty-five exchanges.

Carpenter Moore
NASDAQ OMX sold its stake in the Carpenter Moore D&O Insurance in 2009.

Exchanges
The following exchanges are operated by Nasdaq, Inc.:
 * Nasdaq (New York)
 * Nasdaq Copenhagen
 * Nasdaq Stockholm
 * Nasdaq Helsinki
 * Nasdaq Iceland
 * Nasdaq Tallinn
 * Nasdaq Riga
 * Nasdaq Vilnius
 * Nasdaq Philadelphia
 * Nasdaq Boston

Divisions
The company's stock market activities are categorized into three divisions:
 * Nordic Market (Copenhagen, Stockholm, Helsinki, Iceland)
 * Baltic Market (Tallinn, Riga, Vilnius)
 * First North (alternative exchange)

Technology
In North America, OMX supports its most high-profile customers such as the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), ICAP, ISE, and IDCG, which are powered by OMX trading systems such as X-stream, CLICK, CONDICO and SAXESS.

OMX is the world's leading provider of central securities depository (CSD) technology. Its Equator CSD product is used by clients in Europe, the Middle East, Africa and the Caribbean.

Central counterparty clearing (CCC) technology is a significant potential growth area for OMX. OMX's SECUR clearing and Genium trading platform facilitate trade novation, derivatives clearing, risk management and improved liquidity. SECUR clearing and Genium trading technology are in production around the world.

OMX's technology customers include:

 * Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange
 * Agora-X
 * Athens Exchange
 * Australian Securities Exchange
 * Bahamas International Securities Exchange
 * Bahrain Stock Exchange
 * Barbados Stock Exchange
 * Bermuda Stock Exchange
 * Bolsa de Valores de Colombia
 * Boston Stock Exchange
 * Canadian Trading and Quotation System
 * Egyptian Exchange
 * Doha Securities Market
 * Dubai Financial Market
 * Dubai International Financial Exchange
 * Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
 * Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing
 * ICAP
 * Icelandic Securities Depository
 * Indonesia Securities Exchange
 * Iraq Stock Exchange
 * Istanbul Stock Exchange
 * Indonesia Stock Exchange
 * Jamaica Stock Exchange
 * Japannext
 * Malta Stock Exchange
 * Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange
 * National Stock Exchange of Australia
 * New Zealand Exchange
 * Nigerian Stock Exchange
 * NSX Corporate Stock Exchange
 * Osaka Securities Exchange
 * Palestine Securities Exchange
 * Philippine Dealing and Exchange Corporation
 * PLUS Markets Group
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 * SWX Swiss Exchange
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 * TLX
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 * Turkish Derivatives Exchange
 * Zagreb Stock Exchange

title: Nasdaq, Inc.


text:
Talk:Nasdaq, Inc.

Global Energy Efficient Transport Index
Global Energy Efficient Transport Index redirects here, but is not explained in the article. -- Beland (talk) 18:58, 5 May 2009 (UTC)

 * This website might help. Toshio Yamaguchi (talk) 05:16, 4 December 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Nasdaq, Inc.


text:
Talk:Salvation in Catholicism

a lot of this has been copied and pasted directly from the Catholic Encyclopedia's article on Salvation, which can be found at www.newadvent.org/cathen/13407a.htm

VfD
On 10 April 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. The result was keep. See Votes for deletion/Salvation in Catholicism for a record of the discussion. — Xezbeth 19:37, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC) ==more info at ITC==

http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=CYAWSZtSsmAC&pg=PA95&lpg=PA95&dq=International+Theological+Commission,+Select+questions+on+God+the+Redeemer&source=bl&ots=3gyhks_bME&sig=PyUtMup0Xmq2p2vFsHdS4dVTYcU&hl=en&ei=9sRyTrirEYmtiAfGirGhBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=International%20Theological%20Commission%2C%20Select%20questions%20on%20God%20the%20Redeemer&f=false

Please use this for more data. Lafem (talk) 03:57, 16 September 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Salvation in Catholicism


text:
Sarsa Dengel

Sarsa Dengel (1550 – 4 October 1597), also known as Sarsa the Great, was Emperor of Ethiopia, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. His throne name was throne name Malak Sagad I (መለክ ሰገድ ). Sarsa Dengel, the son of Emperor Menas and Empress Admas Mogasa, was elected king at the age of 14. As ruler, he faced several revolts and moved the empire's center from Shewa to Begemder. Sarsa Dengel fought against the Ottomans, defeating regional ruler Bahr Negus Yeshaq and Adal Sultan Muhammad V. He also repelled the Turkish invaders in Debarwa and Hirgigo. In addition, Sarsa Dengel led campaigns against the Oromo tribes who were migrating northward, successfully pushing them back. Despite his military successes, historians argue that his focus on northern campaigns instead of addressing the Oromo expansion in the south ultimately led to the decline of the Ethiopian Empire.

Biography
The son of Emperor Menas and Empress Admas Mogasa, Sarsa Dengel was elected king by the Shewan commanders of the army and the Dowager Empress. He was barely fourteen years old, but was supported by the Amhara aristocracy who feared Tigrayan influence in the person of Yishaq who frequently aligned with the Ottomans. Upon his coming of age, Sarsa Dengel had to put down a number of revolts: such as his cousin Hamalmal in 1563 at the Battle of Endagabatan, and another by his cousin Fasil two years later.

In the 1570s several Oromo tribes had begun migrating north towards Abyssinia. In 1572 Sarsa Dengel fought off a raid by the Borana Oromo under a luba named Ambissa near Lake Zway. In 1574, upon learning that the Oromo had conquered the province of Wej, the Emperor assembled his forces from across Ethiopia to create an army at Gind Beret. From there, Sarsa Dengel headed south and discovered that the Oromo had also seized Maya. Sarsa Dengel successfully defeated the Oromo, compelling them to flee toward Fatager. He later learned that the Adal Sultan, Muhammad ibn Nasir, was campaigning in Hadiya. Subsequently, he confronted the Adalite army at the Battle of Webi River, where he decisively defeated them.

When the Ottomans withdrew from Debarwa, the local ruler Yeshaq promptly seized the opportunity to occupy it and forge an alliance with the Turks. Sarsa Dengel, angered by what he perceived as his vassal's arrogance and betrayal, marched against them in 1577. He confronted Yeshaq's army in Tigray in 1578, where he decisively defeated Bahr Negash's forces and killed Yeshaq in battle. The victorious Emperor then advanced on Debarwa whereupon the Turkish garrison surrendered with all its firearms. Sarsa Dengel then seized the vast riches stored by the Turks in Debarwa and ordered the destruction of the mosque and the fort erected during the Ottoman occupation. The chronicler, who was greatly impressed by the Emperor's military victories exclaims: "Who among the kings of Ethiopia has defeated the Turkish army supplied with rifles and cannons? None has seen or heard of the victories of King Malak Sagad!"

Upon defeating the Turks, Sarsa Dengel then held his coronation at Aksum and in 1580 he departed from Tigray to conduct a campaign against the Beta Israel in Semien province. While on this campaign, Sarsa Dengel received information that the Borana Oromo were attacking the provinces of Shewa, Waj, and Damot. Despite this, Sarsa Dengel declined to defend these territories against the Oromos and instead continued to focus his attention on the Beta Israel. This decision generated considerable frustration among his officials but the Emperor justified his action by stating: "It is better for me that I fight with the enemies of the blood of Jesus Christ [i.e. Jews] than go to fight against the Galla."

Under luba Mul'eta the Borana Oromo crossed the Abay and invaded Gojjam in 1586, it was during this raid that the future Emperor Susenyos I would be captured by the Oromos. Sarsa Dengel then took the initiative against the Oromo in the south, where he forced the Dawé Oromo in Wej to flee south. Bahrey praised Sarsa Dengel's campaign, stating that he "did not act according to the custom of the kings his ancestors, who, when making war were in the habit of sending their troops ahead, remaining themselves in the rear with the pick of their cavalry and infantry, praising those who went forward bravely and punishing those who lagged behind."

In 1587, the Turks left the port of Hirgigo and advanced inland to take Debarwa again. The Turks defeated the governor of Hamasien who fled to Tigray. Upon hearing this, Sarsa Dengel mobilized his forces and crossed the Mereb river to repel the Turkish invaders who were pillaging the countryside. He advanced to Debarwa and then continued to Hirgigo where the Turkish commander Kadawred Pasha was killed. The Turks then gave a peace offering to the Emperor and withdrew from Hirgigo, handing it over to a local Balaw chief.

On his final campaign against the Oromo in Damot, his Chronicle records, a group of monks tried to dissuade him from this expedition; failing that, they warned him not to eat fish from a certain river he would pass. Despite their warning, when he passed by the river the monks warned him about, he ate fish taken from this river and grew sick and died.

His body was interred in Medhane Alem church on Rema Island. When Robert Ernest Cheesman visited the church in March 1933, he was shown a blue-and-white porcelain jar, which his entrails were brought from the place of his death.

Legacy
According to Professor Mordechai Abir, “the many historians who described Sersa Dangel as an able, heroic, and successful monarch completely distorted the truth.” He believes that Sarsa Dengel's obsession to consolidate his government in the Beta Israel provinces in the north instead of focusing his resources and attention in the south to stop the Oromo expansions was a turning point in Ethiopian history. This disastrous decision opened the Ethiopian plateau for the Oromo migration and contributed to the decline of the Ethiopian Empire.

title: Sarsa Dengel


text:
Talk:Habanero

"Habañero"?
Habanero is sometimes misspelt with a ñ? It's spelled that way in Spanish, isn't it? --aciel 01:57, 7 August 2005 (UTC)
 * No it's not. It's spelled "Habanero" --because of the Cuban Capital City "La Habana" (Havana in English), where this chile is believed to be from. Cacuija 00:31, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

-- Cacuija is right, Habanero takes no accent.Tina Brooks 02:42, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

(Very basic reminder for those who don't know: Spanish has both an "n" and an "ñ" (pronounced "enn" and "en-yae") -- they are considered separate letters; using the wrong one is considered a misspelling).

As any linguist will tell you, loanwords are frequently mispronounced and misspelt. Over time this becomes standard usage. Even if the hypercorrection is incorrect in Spanish, since the standard usage by 99% of English speakers is habañero, it should be considered its own English word with Spanish origin. 65.100.122.171 (talk) 17:35, 29 December 2008 (UTC)

That's complete nonsense. More than the remaining 1% of us speak Spanish and spell it correctly. It's extraordinarily pompous of you to claim to represent 99% of all English speakers. An encyclopedia exists to provide correct information, not promote ignorance. Also it's "misspelled" not "misspelt". Obviously you're not an expert in the field of spelling.Senor Cuete (talk) 21:36, 29 December 2008 (UTC)Senor Cuete

The above is correct insofar as it's difficult and arbitrary to classify "correct" and "proper" grammar from a linguistic standpoint. Also, don't be a jackass. I'm fairly certain the 99% estimate is just an exaggeration, and "misspell Verb [-spelling, -spelt] or -spelled to spell a word wrongly", American Heritage 2000 4th ed. 71.228.230.70 (talk) 21:47, 2 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I completely agree that there was never any ñ in habanero and that the use of "habañero" is complete bullcrap and is NOT the common parlance. 99%? You gotta be kidding me. That's *some* non-Spanish-speakers trying to hypercorrect because they hear "jalapeño" and think that "habanero" must have the same thing going on with the n-looking letter. But most English-speaking people do NOT say "habañero". That much is a bunch of bull. Also, to say that a minority of people mispronouncing a word makes their mistake an accepted pronunciation? Well, then, maybe we should start pronouncing "quesadilla" as "kweez-a-DILL-a" or "jalapeño" as "jowl-a-PEE-no". This is ridiculous. Succubus MacAstaroth (talk) 20:03, 13 November 2013 (UTC)
 * It's hard to know the exact number of native English speakers who spell (and pronounce) it "habañero", but I'm sure it's a significant number. A simple Google search of "habañero" reveals 122,000 hits. And just anecdotally, most of the English speakers I have heard use the word will pronounce the "ñ". I notice it because I am aware of the proper Spanish pronunciation. And even knowing the correct Spanish, I will also usually pronounce it "habañero" when talking to an English speaker. When loan words are incorporated into another language, their spellings and pronunciations often change. I'm sorry if you don't like the fact that words and language evolve over time, but that is reality. Rreagan007 (talk) 21:00, 13 November 2013 (UTC)

 * It's not changing over time. It's not even slang. It's a loan word that people think they have to hyperforeignize to pronounce properly. It's not an attempt to incorporate a loan word into the rules of one's own native language—'Ñ' isn't even a letter in English. It's a mispronunciation born purely out of ignorance and a misguided attempt to do the language justice. Given that these people at least seem to want to use the correct pronunciation, I don't see any reason not to correct them. 72.200.151.15 (talk) 20:23, 27 August 2016 (UTC)

 * Taco Bell is currently running commercials in my area that say "Habañero". I have previously noticed employees at a nearby Qdoba (burrito restaurant) start using "Habañero" as well, but I've never seen anyone confront another over either pronunciation.  I think it is time to start promoting correct usage, however.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.154.61.4 (talk) 19:31, 31 December 2016 (UTC)

It's mispronounced in season 02 episode 04 of Star Trek: Discovery.

I am wondering if this was an intentional hypercorrection, or a mistake.

In Spanish, it's definitely habanero not habeñero.

Originally, it indicated a doubling of the n. For example, anno became año. It later came to represent a palatization of the n for example leña, (from Latin ligna) or señor (from Latin senior). Mechachleopteryx (talk) 22:15, 14 December 2020 (UTC)

It's flagged as non-standard on wictionary, saying it is probably influenced by jalapeño, which does contain an ñ. Mechachleopteryx (talk) 22:20, 14 December 2020 (UTC)

Untitled
I have habanero peppers in a container. They are beginning to turn orange. When should I pick them? Can they be combined with milder peppers for pepper sauce? --24.98.202.94 15:41, 29 July 2006 (UTC) JoAnn from Georgia

I don't see why they can't be combined with other, more mild, peppers for pepper sauce. For ideas I recommend recipezaar.com Sean Reed, 23:17, 25 March 2007 (PST)

The Naga Viper Warwick test should not be passed off as some kind of official or legitimate world record or any kind of proof that it is the hottest chile in the world. See the press release from Warwick: http://nagaviperchile.blogspot.com/2010/12/official-response-from-warwick-on-naga.html.

The sample was from Gerard Fowler, a man well known for empty hype and dubious claims within the chile industry. The sample was very small, hand selected, and possibly doctored, as Warwick lacks the capability to accurately perform the tests and check for tampering (things like oleoresin). Proper scientific processes were not followed and the results do not hold much water. The news media decided to run with it because they don't know any better. Warwick is known for handing out 1 million+ ratings like candy, while more qualified, experienced, and knowledgeable organizations like the NMSU Chile Pepper Institute very rarely have samples reach that high.

There are numerous candidates for hottest chile in the world that have not had the proper testing, including various cultivars of the Trinidad Scorpion and 7 Pot/Pod. To claim any chile as the hottest in the world at this point is rather foolish. It should be noted that the bhut jolokia has the Guiness World record, but to claim any one specific chile as the hottest is naive. I think these other varieties should be mentioned at least. In fact, the general consensus among chile growers, including myself, seems to be that the trinidad scorpion and chocolate 7 pot/pod are hotter (of course, this is anecdotal).

A few more things...

-yellow is another common habanero color that isn't mentioned. -I am unaware of any evidence to support that the habanero originated in Cuba, and none is cited in this article. All chiles are believed to have originated in South America in an area known as the "nuclear area" between Bolivia and Brazil. Chinenses are believed to have originated in South America as well, as the greatest diversity is seen there (http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1993/v2-132.html) Havana, Cuba is obviously important in this article since that is where the name "Habanero" comes from, however, it shouldn't be claimed as the true origin of the habanero unless some evidence can be provided other than folklore. -why would the chocolate habanero be known as "habanero negra" when habanero is a masculine word in Spanish? If anything, it would be "habanero negro". -The 100,000-350,000 range for the habanero is obviously not correct, as the Red Savina Habanero tested at nearly 600,000 (577k if I remember correctly). Other varieties, such as peruvian white and devil's tongue can go higher than 350,000 as well. To say they have a "typical" range of 100k-350k would be more accurate. -aji chombo is not an habanero, it is a closely related chinense, but not an habanero. All habaneros are chinenses, not all chinenses are habaneros.

In response to the comment above--the origin of C. chinense as a species almost certainly came from South America, however, that does not mean that the origin of the Habanero as a cultivar also originated there. Such a claim is likewise speculation. The native Taino people of Cuba are thought to come from South America as well, and continued trade with the mainlanders after becoming a distinct population. If native people brought C. chinense peppers to Cuba and developed the Habanero pepper there, then the Habanero pepper would have a Cuban origin. In all likelihood, chili peppers like the Habanero were grown in parts of the Caribbean during Pre-Columbian times and qualify as native plants. This is true throughout much of the United States, with C. annuum, even though the Capsicum genus probably originally diverged somewhere in South America. 68.230.108.118 (talk) 08:43, 20 April 2011 (UTC)a

I think this article needs a major overhaul, as it is filled with a lot of misinformation and much of it lacks citations. 98.157.193.120 (talk) 07:47, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

Capitalization, use of "trademark", etc
I'd like to have somebody review the capitalization. I mostly left the capitalization the way I found it when I ran through and edited the article today. However, concerning me are:

 * Habanero vs habanero
 * Scoville units vs scoville units
 * Scotch Bonnet vs scotch bonnet vs Scotch bonnet
 * the lack of a "trademark" symbol after Red Savina (which should be capitalized)

I'm generally good with punctuation, but capitalization evades me. Regarding the RS, as it is patented, and listed with a "tm" (don't know the html entity for that) everywhere, I think it is probably appropriate here. aa v ^ 17:19, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

 * -- Before giving Red Savina a TM symbol verify that there is a registered trademark with the trademarks database; I believe it owns the TM, but it's should be verified.

 * * habanero
 * * Scoville units
 * * scotch bonnet
 * * Red Savina
 * Tina Brooks 02:46, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I have confirmed in the Trademark database that Red Savina Habanero is indeed a registered trademark, [], if someone who knows how to add the TM mark would, it would be helpful.

Tina Brooks 21:25, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I have added the TM mark to Red Savina, for future reference the HTML Code for the Trademark symbol is &#153;.
 * Sean Reed 23:05, 25 March 2007 (PST)

 * If it is a registered trademark, the correct code would be ® (not ™). But neither is in the article these days (admittedly, 12 years later) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.42.210.34 (talk) 18:15, 26 October 2019 (UTC)

JAVANERO
I think the fact that taxonomists had mistaken the Habanero for Chinese supports the idea that the name is derived from Java not Havana. There are many other examples of these mistakes in nomenclature in colonial times, E.G. West Indies, etc. It is more logical that it be a bastardization of the chile's taxonomy.Bilingualmelissa (talk) 04:56, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

I had understood that the original denomination in Spanish was "JAVANERO" i.e. from the island of Java in Indonesia. Spanish speaking people in the Americas soon began pronouncing this as "HABANERO" (from HABANA, Cuba) which is more familiar sounding and the original meaning was soon forgotten.

This makes me wonder: Who discovered the hot chilli peppers first? The Indians from the Americas? Or the Indians from India?

-The entire Capsicum genus is native to the Americas. In the 1500s, chili peppers made their way into old world cuisine, but the native peoples of the Americas cultivated and ate chili peppers much before that.

A far-fetched posibility: Could there be independent varieties of the same plant indigenous in both continents?

-You are misusing the world "indigenous."68.230.108.118 (talk) 08:49, 20 April 2011 (UTC)a

Any botanist out there willing to enhance this article?

 * It's unlikely that it comes from java. 201.23.64.2 05:06, 21 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Chile peppers of all types are indigenous only to the Americas. There's no way they could come from Java. adamrice 22:56, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The Java origin myth is disinformation perpetrated by anon IP 200.4.56.87 and I can't believe it's lasted this long. Now corrected. Collabi 03:52, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

 * There are actually quite a few peppers indigenous to Asia and prominent in traditional Asian cuisine, particularly in Vietnam, Indonesia, and Burma. According to Mexican common wisdom, the Habanero pepper is one of these chiles, and it did, in fact, get the new name "Habanero" in Yucatán. Check this page out: http://www.etiquetanegra.com.pe/revista/2003/07/chile.htm (No todos los chiles que llevamos a nuestras tortillas son oriundos de México. El más picante de la república lleva el nombre de habanero. Se trata de un apéndice furioso y amarillo que llegó de Java en el Galeón de Manila y se convirtió en condimento decisivo de la cocina yucateca. En un principio se le decía "javanero", pero como en Mérida las cosas buenas vienen de La Habana, adoptó un nombre más seductor. Sus semillas queman la lengua como pólvora encendida.) Since I am a Habanero enthusiast, but not a botanist, and do not have unequivocal evidence to support this claim, I will leave the page as it is, but do encourage the debate to be carried out further here. Schoeler 23:00, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

--NO, that is absolutely wrong. Chilis were brought back from the Americas after Columbus' voyage, and from there they spread throughout the old world and made their way into various Asian cuisines. They are NOT INDIGENOUS to the old world.68.230.108.118 (talk) 08:49, 20 April 2011 (UTC)a

 * I think the Black Label writer is citing the same myth that's somehow sprung up around the origin of Asian peppers. It's true that capsicum has been cultivated in Asia for over four hundred years now -- long enough for it to enter the traditional cuisine -- but it's no more native to the region than tomatoes are native to Italy, or potatoes to Ireland. Still, it's clear how the misconception could arise. One thing to remember about literary journals like Black Label is that they're not scientific authorities: their writers are famed for their literary skills, and usually just use their own memories, Google, and Wikipedia for some quick research on scientific topics they're writing.

 * I'm not a botanist myself (even if I were, for me to make an ex cathedra statement would be "original research") but one doesn't need a PhD to do a quick science journal search. The best online cites I found are and . I also found a very thorough but non-peer-reviewed article at, which is mostly interesting for its very extensive bibliography with citations to lots of articles on capsicum origins. The seminal papers appear to be Smith, P.G. and C.B. Heiser, Jr. 1957. Breeding behavior of cultivated peppers. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 70:286-290 and McLeod, M.J., S.I. Guttman, and W.H. Eshbaugh. 1982. Early evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum). Econ. Bot. 36:361-368, but as I don't have easy access to a major university research library any more, those are a little tougher for me to dig up and reproduce here! Collabi 01:36, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I stand corrected. Thank you, Collabi. Now, I think it might be useful to include the "Javanero myth" in the article, both to view it in its proper light and as an example of how popular beliefs are so often inconsistent with reality. I could prepare the paragraph if someone seconds the motion... Schoeler 15:40, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

Roasting
It would be nice to mention that when jabanero peppers are roasted the heat declines and the citrus or melon flavors are accentuated. I believe that some of the capsaicin becomes vanillin and this produces the sweet aroma upon roasting, but someone else probably knows more about this than I do.

 * Simple cooking doesn't turn capsaicin into vanillin; it just incinerates some of it away, so that the underlying sweet flavor of the fruit itself is more pronounced. Collabi 22:33, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

Hmmm, that sounds good. HighInBC (Need help? Ask me) 23:43, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

Burns The Skin and Eyes
Someone on the Cayenne article mentioned care should be used handling Cayenne peppers because the oil will stay on the skin and burn sensitive areas. I would also like to chime in that that habanero oil is metaphorically evil because not only does it not wash off for days, but any contact will burn intensely and for quite a while.
 * no kidding ... i was chopping some habaneros once with my hands (which i'm normally fine with) but then i took a break to pee. ouch. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.250.0.177 (talk) 23:23, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

It might be useful to include a warning that anyone cutting habaneros should consider wearing gloves, because the oil can strongly irritate the skin. The result is similar to a sunburn, and the pain will not disappear until the skin heals, even if the oil is washed off the skin using soap. Anyone touching a habanero should be very cautious not to touch the face or eyes afterwards.

 * A cursory reading of the capsaicin article indicates that there is nothing to "heal" from. I've never had an injury from chili peppers of any kind, even when I'm dumb enough to rub my eyes after I've been handling them, and I cook with (and cut and grow and pick) habaneros and jalapeños all the time.  Think of it this way:  if you could burn your skin on a habanero, then why in your right mind would you eat them?  Lomaprieta 01:46, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
 * While that is right... there is nothing to heal from... the body doesn’t care. If the body thinks you’re sick, you are sick. If the body thinks you were stung by a wasp, the place will swell. This is related to the placebo effect, and has been proven numerous times to be true. So while there is nothing to heal from, the body will still walk the whole way and act as if. Including all the secondary effects. — 88.77.139.238 (talk) 15:42, 4 March 2010 (UTC)

Wash your hands with soap and it is fine. Always wash your hands with soap before going to the washroom. HighInBC (Need help? Ask me) 01:51, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
 * That made me laugh out loud right in the middle of class. Lomaprieta 01:57, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
 * AND also after coming from the washroom! ^^ — 88.77.139.238 (talk) 15:42, 4 March 2010 (UTC)

Yum
I LOVE habanero peppers. Habanero fiery doritos <33. Habanero pepper cheese <333. Blazin sauce from Buffalo Wild Wings <3333.

habanero vs. jabanero
It seems unlikely that Javanero is an alternative to Habanero. Habana is likely a native term. In the Spanish of the time, the H was replacing the F (as in Fablar--Hablar), as had already occured with the F becoming a J (Foder-Joder). However, the J has rarely become an H. Then as now, the B and V can be interchanged with no pronunciation difference.

What's the difference between habanero and jabanero? I always understood it to be spelled with a "J". Is that just a common misspelling, and alternate spelling, or is there some history to it? --71.13.96.66 15:48, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

ive never heard it spelled with a "j".Drrake 01:19, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

It's an interesting question. I think the javanero might be a mistake made by English speakers, sort of like in English "marijuana" is spelled with a j, but in Spanish, it's usually "marihuana." Just a thought.Cadwaladr (talk) 05:06, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

i did it ^.^
i fixed the picture title it use to be "an habenero" :)Drrake 01:19, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

An incredible Scoville
From the article "The Source, from Original Juan Specialty Foods, is rated at 7.1 million Scoville units". Now that is a lot of heat. So much that I very much doubt such a number. Does anyone know? --Dumarest 12:20, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

The Scoville_scale page lists pepper spray as 2-5 million, so if that's accurate... probably not. Maybe someone misread a figure of 710,000? Lomaprieta 12:25, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Back to this. I have checked the site for the maker of "The Source" - the main page gives 1.7 million Scoville units, but all other pages give 7.1 million units. Now, the pages note that pure capsiacin is 16 million Scoville units, so, if the heat index progression is linear and not logarithmic, that means that the 7.1 mlllion Scoville units is a concoction that is approaching 50% pure capsaicin. Of course I am overreacting, but things just do not sound right. --Dumarest 19:58, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Habanero is undoubtly the most hot chilli in the world. But I got a source, rating it at 800,000.
 * 7.1 million makes absolutely no sense, since pure capsaicin has 16 million Scoville. 7.1 would mean, that nearly half of the fruit is capsaicin. I doubt that. ^^
 * — 88.77.139.238 (talk) 15:46, 4 March 2010 (UTC)
 * We're talking about a sauce, not a chili. Of course, no single chili is that hot but you can concentrate the capsaicin by various process. zubrowka 74 16:47, 9 September 2010 (UTC)

New image
Hi, the old image in the infobox was overexposed and had alot of hotspots. So I went to the market and got one and took another image. I think it is an improvement, anyone else have an opinion? HighInBC (Need help? Ask me) 17:58, 14 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I, too, wasn't real fond of the previous image. I do like the new one, although I'd brighten it up a little bit and reduce the vertical scale of it (it's gobbling up half the page presently). Other than that, yeah, it's an improvement. ... aa:talk 18:19, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I am leaving the old one there till tommorow as it is the Picture of the Day, and is shown on the main page. I should leave it alone till it is gone or it will appear in no articles. I removed a section I thought to be off topic, I don't mind if someone disagrees and reverts. I would love to hear the reasoning though. HighInBC (Need help? Ask me) 18:25, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I tried adjusting the size of the image to reduce the height. However, if I reduce the height the width also reduces and the box no longer matches up with the box below and looks unpleasant. HighInBC (Need help? Ask me) 18:29, 14 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Maybe reframe and re-take the photo? Also see the one I took, presently in use at Red Savina. I personally think that's a good picture for this article, but the person who "unmerged" the red savina content to its own article felt it would be confusing (although the RS is in fact a habanero...). I could send you a pepper that's "less vertically inclined", but it would of course be red. :) ... aa:talk 12:42, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

I have 'adjusted' the proportions - the image is here. Not the same, but still looks like a fine habanero, and is no longer so tall. --Dumarest 14:01, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I do not think it is encyclopedically sounds to adjust the aspect ratio of an image like that. I don't think it's size is overly disruptive. HighInBC (Need help? Ask me) 15:26, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Uh, it looks like a habanero to me... I wonder whether it is "not encyclopedic" if it still looks like the subject? In our recent crop, we got some that were the size of dimes, and others the size of silver dollars. There is great variance. I don't think the longer image is "disruptive" per se, but it really takes up a lot of space on the page. You don't think that's just unattractive?

 * I have no problem with a short habenero, if I knew it was important I would have chosen one. I just don't think it is encyclopedic to digitally alter an image to produce a pepper that never really existed in that form. I will retake this image eventually, with a more compact aspect ratio. HighInBC (Need help? Ask me) 00:15, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

Spelling
I always thought that it was spelt Habanero chili instead of Haberano chile. Chile is a country and chili is a pepper. Also, the link for Chile pepper redirects to Chili pepper. AstroHurricane001 18:38, 14 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Ironically, wikipedia is not to be used as a source for out articles. I have always seen the word spelled "chile." Can you cite something to the contrary? ... aa:talk 16:38, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * try a dictionary, Adam McCormick 01:45, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

Shameless plug for Tabasco/McIlheny, Co
That short paragraph really doesn't belong there. Plenty of manufacturers make a habanero hot sauce and the McIlheny version is hardly worth mentioning - except as part of a shameless advertisement. PLenty of nmuch better hab sauces out there. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.34.103.232 (talk) 00:00, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

AN habanero chile
A while ago, I changed the image caption from "a habanero" to "an habanero", reflecting the spanish pronunciation. This is consistent with three other usages in the article. A couple people changed it back since then. I convinced one of them to allow me to change it back, but people keep changing it right back. There is obviously no consensus on pronunciation, but it should at least be consistent.

- Misha

216.254.12.114 23:44, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

Well, it looks like I've lost the spelling war.

- Misha

216.254.12.114 22:51, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

This user prefers An, but prefers not to get into a spelling (grammar) war. There should be uniform usage of either A or An Habanero in the article. It maybe worth noting that the Merriam Webster online dictionary pronounces the word with an H sound, which would make A Habanero seem a logical choice. DAMurphy 06:32, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

Merriam Webster is wrong. Habanero is a Spanish word and the H is NOT pronounced. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Senor Cuete (talk • contribs) 00:10, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

Really? The dictionary is wrong? Yeah, I'm going to buy that. This is an English article, not Spanish. It is pronounced in English, not Spanish. English rules therefore should apply. 99.158.45.82 (talk) 03:39, 12 July 2010 (UTC)
 * I have to agree. The English pronunciation should dictate which article adjective to use in an English encyclopedia article. Rreagan007 (talk) 18:16, 12 July 2010 (UTC)

As long as you hear the ha sound at all, it gets an a, not an an. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.141.196.41 (talk) 23:11, 21 December 2010 (UTC)

Chile or Chili?
I noticed that most reference within Wikipedia and even inside the article itself say chile rather than Chili. Maybe a move back would be correct? Charon X /talk 18:26, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

Origin statements require reliable sources
I moved the bolded part from the article:

 * The chili's name is derived from the name of the Cuban city of Havana, which was formerly called "La Habana," and can sometimes be mistaken for being originated in Cuba (despite the fact that Cubans are unaccustomed to eating spicy foods in general) though it originated in Mexico there spicy food is common.

We need reliable sources for origin statements. To state it is "mistaken for being originated in Cuba", we need to establish and cite where it actually originated. To state it originated in Mexico contradicts the text which states it "originated in Meso- or South America, most likely the Amazon basin or nearby coastal regions." In fact the source given above states "The Habanero, which translates as Havana, might have originated in Cuba, but Mexico claims the distinction." Contrary to the removed text above, it implies that the Habanero might have originated in Cuba. This statement itself is not sourced, and the recipe site does not constitute a reliable source. Dforest (talk) 21:26, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

Remove Quaker Stake And Lube advertisement?
"It is also used in production of Quaker Steak and Lube's Atomic Wings."

So what? Habanero is used in a lot of foods. I think this should be removed.

Elronxenu (talk) 14:05, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

Which, Chile or Chili??
Nobody knows which, so what do you know? Most people think there the same, other don't. more people say it is chili less people say it is chile. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.193.204.143 (talk) 01:21, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

 * For what it's worth, the norm I've noticed is to use "chili" in English and "chile" in Spanish. Succubus MacAstaroth (talk) 15:51, 11 January 2014 (UTC)

updated plant attributes needed - plant size and lifespan
how large do the plants get, height & width? typically, min & max (perhaps mention same for various varieties of habaneros). how long do the plants live? typically, min & max (perhaps mention same for various varieties of habaneros). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.5.58.76 (talk) 02:33, 27 March 2013 (UTC)

Some clarification on the name
The article states (1) that it comes from the Amazon, (2) that it is currently most grown in Mexico, and (3) that it is named for Havana. Does anyone have anything--even (sourced) reasonable speculation--about how (1), (2), and (3) fit together? Lockesdonkey (talk) 03:04, 7 July 2015 (UTC)

Hypercorrection
That the name "habanero" is mistakenly spelled as "habañero" because of hypercorrection is mentioned twice, both in the lead and in the "Name" section. Surely once is enough? J I P | Talk 20:39, 1 December 2015 (UTC)

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Remove 'Inline Citations' Message?
I noticed that the article does include quite a few inline citations already, but it seems that some of the unsourced parts of the article should maybe be supported with new citations, not just more specific inline citations. Should the 'inline citation' message be removed from the article (maybe it could be replaced with a more generic 'refimprove' message)? Name goes here (talk) 21:39, 2 July 2017 (UTC)

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Image Request
Hello, would it be okay to add a photo of a dried habanero chile?Jmorales96 (talk) 15:12, 6 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Habanero


text:
1999 Bremen state election

The 1999 Bremen state election was held on 6 June 1999 to elect the members of the Bürgerschaft of Bremen, as well as the city councils of Bremen and Bremerhaven. The incumbent grand coalition of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and Christian Democratic Union (CDU) led by Mayor Henning Scherf retained its majority and continued in office.

Parties
The table below lists parties represented in the previous Bürgerschaft of Bremen.

title: 1999 Bremen state election


text:
John Thain

John Alexander Thain (born May 26, 1955) is an American financial executive and investment banker. He was president and co-COO of Goldman Sachs, and then CEO of the New York Stock Exchange. Thain then became the last chairman and CEO of Merrill Lynch & Co. before its merger with Bank of America. He was designated to become president of global banking, securities, and wealth management at the newly combined company, but resigned on January 22, 2009. Ken Lewis, CEO of Bank of America, reportedly forced Thain to step down after several controversies, such as the losses at Merrill Lynch which proved to be far larger than previously estimated, and the award of huge executive bonuses. Thain then was chairman and CEO of the CIT Group. He has been a board member of Uber since 2017.

Background
Thain was born in Antioch, Illinois. His father, Alan, was a doctor who has since handed his practice on to Thain's two brothers, Dennis and Robert, both general practitioners. He earned a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from MIT in 1977 and an MBA from Harvard Business School in 1979. While attending MIT, Thain joined the Delta Upsilon fraternity.

Career
Thain worked at Goldman Sachs, as head of its mortgage securities division from 1985 to 1990, and president and co-chief operating officer from 1999 to 2004.

After leaving Goldman Sachs, Thain was CEO of the New York Stock Exchange from January 2004 to December 2007. In December 2003, interim chairman John Reed at the New York Stock Exchange told The Wall Street Journal that Thain would be paid "a plain vanilla number", about $4 million a year including bonuses, with no "strange retirement" program like the one former NYSE CEO Dick Grasso was given.

Merrill Lynch
Before he accepted the CEO position at Merrill Lynch, Thain reportedly was one of the runners-up to head Citigroup. Merrill Lynch and Citigroup sought new leaders following the sudden departure of their former CEOs after the disappointing performance in the third quarter of 2007 due to the subprime mortgage crisis. Nelson Chai, the CFO of the New York Stock Exchange under Thain, followed his mentor to Merrill Lynch and assumed the same role as CFO.

Thain arranged the sale of Merrill to Bank of America at $29 per share, a 70 percent premium over the market price. The deal valued the brokerage at $50 billion. Thain was expected to be president of global banking, securities and wealth management, a new division at Bank of America, to oversee its corporate and investment bank and most of wealth management business.

Upon joining Merrill Lynch, Thain received a $15 million signing bonus. The firm announced that Thain would receive at least $50 million a year and could be paid as much as $120 million a year, based on the company's stock price. The Associated Press identified Thain, who received $83.1 million, as one of the best paid executives of S&P 500 companies in 2007. In that year, Thain earned a total compensation of $83,785,021, which included a base salary of $750,000, a cash bonus of $15 million, stock grant of $33,013,151, and options grant of $35,017,421.

Thain suggested to the directors that he receive a bonus in 2008 of as much as $10 million, because he "saved Merrill" by selling it off to Bank of America. After the compensation committee at Merrill refused the request, Thain reportedly dropped it on December 8, 2008.

It was revealed on January 22, 2009, that Thain spent $1.22 million of corporate funds in early 2008 to renovate two conference rooms, a reception area, and his office, spending $131,000 for area rugs, $68,000 for an antique credenza, $87,000 for guest chairs, $35,115 for a gold-plated commode on legs, and $1,100 for a wastebasket. Thain subsequently apologized for his lapse in judgment, and reimbursed the company in full for the costs.

Thain accelerated approximately $4 billion in bonus payments to employees at Merrill just prior to the close of the deal with Bank of America. Bank of America was aware of the payment, as allowing the payment to go through was reportedly one of the conditions under the merger agreement. Speculation mounted that some of TARP fund was used for the bonus payment, but TARP recipients were not required to disclose how the funds were segregated, or what they were used for.

Sheila Bair, chair of the FDIC reported that during a meeting with the Treasury secretary at the depth of the financial panic, Thain asked the secretary if the TARP program would impact his compensation.

Departure from Bank of America
On January 16, 2009, Bank of America announced that Merrill suffered an unexpected loss of $15 billion for the fourth quarter of 2008. Bank of America CEO Ken Lewis said that, without $138 billion in government assistance, including the infusion of $20 billion from the federal government, he would have pulled out of the Merrill deal, which had been approved by Bank of America shareholders in early December. People close to Lewis say his relationship with Thain was strained by Merrill's massive fourth quarter loss. Lewis himself faced criticism for rushing to buy Merrill for $28 billion after less than two days of due diligence.

On January 22, 2009, on CNBC's The Call, Charlie Gasparino said that Thain was going to meet Lewis later in the day. Gasparino added that Thain's future at Bank of America was in doubt, although it was not certain whether he would be leaving. Gasparino then said that Thain spent $1.22 million to refurbish his office, shortly after he had been named as CEO of Merrill in January 2008. Merrill was still an independent firm at the time, and some analysts predicted that, with Thain as new CEO, the company would be back on track for a strong performance in the midst of disappointing results on Wall Street.

The tension between Thain and Lewis had been building since mid-December and culminated on January 22, 2009, when Lewis flew to New York to meet with Thain. After a 15-minute conversation between the two men, Thain agreed to resign. Nelson Chai, Merrill's last CFO prior to its merger, was initially slated to relocate to Hong Kong to head Bank of America's Asia business. but Chai departed from Bank of America in February, just two weeks after the ouster of Thain, and was replaced by Ki-Myung Hong. Thain and Chai's departures left just one other member of Merrill's management team at the combined company, Tom Montag, as head of sales and trading.

Criticism of excessive compensation
On January 23, 2009, President Obama referred to Thain by saying "the reports that we’ve seen over the last couple of days about companies that have received taxpayer assistance then going out and renovating bathrooms or offices or in other ways not managing those dollars appropriately." White House press secretary Robert Gibbs also said taxpayer money shouldn't go to "line the pockets of people" who had gotten financial assistance. "The American people need to be greatly assured that their hard-earned money is not going to the bonuses or the remodeling of an office at a bank that's in trouble," Gibbs said.

On January 29, 2009, President Obama publicly criticized the large bonuses such as those handed out by Thain. Obama said: "I saw an article today indicating that Wall Street bankers had given themselves $20 billion worth of bonuses at a time when most of these institutions were teetering on collapse and they are asking for taxpayers to help sustain them, and when taxpayers find themselves in the difficult position that if they don't provide help that the entire system could come down on top of our heads—that is the height of irresponsibility. It is shameful. And part of what we're going to need is for folks on Wall Street who are asking for help to show some restraint and show some discipline and show some sense of responsibility. The American people understand that we've got a big hole that we've got to dig ourselves out of—but they don't like the idea that people are digging a bigger hole even as they're being asked to fill it up." Vice President Joe Biden also said the bonuses "offends the sensibilities. I mean, I'd like to throw these guys in the brig."

On January 27, 2009, New York Attorney General Andrew Cuomo issued a subpoena to Thain in a probe into the bonuses he received just days before the Bank of America takeover. Charges of criminal fraud can be brought under the 1921 Martin Act against a person receiving an illicit executive payout.

CIT Group
On February 7, 2010, Reuters reported that CIT Group had announced that it was hiring Thain to replace interim CEO Peter Tobin. In 2013, CIT paid him $8.25 million.

On October 21, 2015, CIT Group announced that Thain will retire effective March 31, 2016, and will continue as chairman. Ellen R. Alemany, former head of the Americas division of Royal Bank of Scotland, will replace Thain as CEO.

Memberships
Thain is a member of the following organizations:
 * MIT Sloan School of Management – North American Executive Board
 * The New York Botanical Garden – Board of Managers, Investment Committee. Thain and his wife, Carmen, are both active members of the NYBG Board. Their philanthropy includes helping the Garden restore and preserve its 50-acre old-growth Thain Family Forest.
 * INSEAD – U.S. National Advisory Board
 * James Madison Council of the Library of Congress
 * Federal Reserve Bank of New York's International Capital Markets Advisory Committee
 * French-American Foundation
 * Board of Trustees of the National Urban League
 * The Trilateral Commission
 * Yale University – John and Carmen Thain established the "Thain Family Café", which is part of the Yale University Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Library. The Café offers refreshments prepared with organic and local ingredients, secured through the Yale Sustainable Food Project.  At the dedication of the Library in November 2007, Thain spoke warmly of Yale's attention to its undergraduates (his daughter attended the university) and stated, "This was a way for us to give back and contribute to the student experience."
 * New York-Presbyterian Hospital Board of Trustees of since 2000
 * Republican Party – Thain is a prominent member of the party and was a personal friend of Senator John McCain. Thain was a senior economic policy adviser to McCain and was considered a leading candidate to be his Treasury Secretary. In support of McCain's unsuccessful 2008 bid for the presidency, Thain sponsored a number of fundraisers, including a $2,300-a-seat breakfast at The Regency Hotel on Park Avenue on December 14, 2007.

Personal life
He is active in social work and was gala co-chair for a Publicolor event in New York City that honored Rick Segal, Publicolor's former board chair.

Thain and his wife have two daughters and two sons. Thain's property of 25 acre in New York State spans three townships, Rye, Harrison, and Rye Brook. Thain has a house on North Captiva Island in south west Florida. His apartment at 740 Park Avenue was listed for sale in 2018.

Political contributions
In 2015, Thain contributed $205,000 to the pro-Jeb Bush Super PAC Right to Rise. The only other political contribution he made in 2015 was $5,400 to Rob Portman. In the past Thain has contributed significant amounts of money to both Democratic and Republican candidates.

title: John Thain


text:
Talk:Dave Coulier

Untitled
Are there really full house fanatics? I mean, i enjoyed the show when i was 5, but it hardly stands the test of time. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 170.224.52.40 (talk) 00:04, 20 June 2009 (UTC)

The comment about him being host of America's Funniest People, despite "not being funny" is clearly an opinion. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.76.3.160 (talk) 04:58, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

Why is the story about Joan Rivers on there? That can't possibly be true, I suggest it's removed.

Inconsistancy: Who are his parents? -- BryanD 19:40, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Paul and Terri, apparently. Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy)  23:12, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Is the info about his grandparent's names really necessary or relevant? -- BrandonR 00:39, May 25, 2005 (UTC)

IMDB does not verify that he did voice work for Teen Titans. Please verify.

I found Stephen AF Day's myspace page, and I am 100% certain that they are two different individuals. Dave Coulier was not in Snakes on a Train. HQuest 02 Sept, 2006

trivia.
I added the tag because I feel that much of the "trivia" is actually factual and important to the article, and would benefit from being in the actual article and not a list at the bottom. - Zepheus <ツィフィアス> 05:24, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

Hated?
Just saw Bob Saget's latest comedy special (That Ain't Right), and he made a couple comments that basically indicated several hatred for Dave Coulier. Given that I've also heard similar hatred from Alanis Morrisette ("Jagged Little Pill" is supposedly mostly about their relationship), I was wondering if there was anything that should be in his Wiki page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.218.217.222 (talk) 04:13, August 29, 2007 (UTC)

YOU OUGHTTA KNOW?
YES, WHERE IS THE ALANIS MORRISETTE MENTION? Its suspiciously missing and needs to be added. Sorry about the caps.. but its needed. 169.132.18.249 (talk) 00:38, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

Child?
He has a son named Luc, and this isn't in the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.163.104.94 (talk) 02:01, 15 August 2013 (UTC)

CONTINUED CAREER
I removed the section about "coming out of the closet" because i didnt think it was true. If it is put it back Blumonkeyboy 22:37, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

Alanis Song
It's true. Here is a cite. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/popup?id=3405785&contentIndex=1&page=7 --Npnunda (talk) 21:09, 10 May 2008 (UTC)

Look-Alike
Just wondering why information was removed from the trivia section about his look-alike status with Jeff Daniels? It seems like a fairly common occurrence and it is mentioned in this interview with Daniels: http://movies.about.com/od/becauseofwinndixie/a/winndixjd021205_3.htm 68.127.209.95 (talk) 22:11, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

lives in compton!?
wait, WHY does a rich white actor/comedian live in Compton again?

This deserves more attention. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.251.199.156 (talk) 07:26, 29 October 2008 (UTC)

Career Cleanup
I cleaned up some things in the career section such as moving the paragraph about "After Full House" right after the "Full House" info. There was also information about Collier voicing in the "McKensie" cartoon that was un-necessarily repeated, so I condensed all the info into the one paragraph. Hope it makes it more readable. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.116.205.162 (talk) 20:57, 11 November 2010 (UTC)

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The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 13:52, 10 August 2019 (UTC)
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Pronunciation
The IPA of Coulier is given as /ˈkuːjeɪ/, whose respelling would be COO-yay, but the respelling is given as COOL-yay, whose IPA would be /ˈkuːljeɪ/. I don't know which is right, but they should agree. -Coreydragon (talk) 02:15, 25 May 2021 (UTC)

 * They've been changed to and koolee-YAY since the above note was written. They still don't match, but now they don't match differently than before. —Mahāgaja · talk 10:36, 6 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dave Coulier


text:
Fergus O'Brien

Fergus O'Brien (30 March 1930 – 19 October 2016) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as Government Chief Whip and Minister of State at the Department of Defence from 1981 to 1982 and 1986 to 1987 and Lord Mayor of Dublin from 1980 to 1981. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1973 to 1982 and 1982 to 1992.

O'Brien was born in Dublin in 1930. He was educated at the College of Technology, Bolton Street, before becoming involved in politics. O'Brien was elected to Dáil Éireann on his second attempt at the 1973 general election as a Fine Gael TD for the Dublin South-East constituency. After boundary changes, he was re-elected at the 1977 general election for Dublin South-Central and held the seat at the 1981 general election, but was defeated at the February 1982 general election. He was re-elected for Dublin South-Central at the November 1982 general election, and held the seat until retirement in 1992.

From 1981 to February 1982, O'Brien was Government Chief Whip in Garret FitzGerald's first government. He returned as Chief Whip once again at the end of FitzGerald's second government, serving from 1986 until 1987.

He was Lord Mayor of Dublin from 1980 to 1981.

title: Fergus O'Brien


text:
Yaqob

Yaqob I (c. 1590 – 10 March 1607), throne name Malak Sagad II (Ge'ez: መለክ ሰገድ), was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1597 to 1607, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He was the eldest surviving son of Sarsa Dengel. According to E. A. Wallis Budge, Yaqob's mother was Empress Maryam Sena; others sources suggest she was Emebet Harego of the Beta Israel. Because Yaqob had at least three sons before his death, it is likely he was born no later than 1590. Most Ethiopian sources including Tekle Tsadik Mekuria however state that his mother was Harego, but that Empress Maryam Sena championed his right to the throne as she only bore Emperor Sarsa Dengel daughters, and hoped to dominate a long term regency for the boy monarch.

Life
Sarsa Dengel had intended to make his nephew Za Dengel his successor, but under the influence of his wife Maryam Sena and a number of his sons-in-law, he instead chose Yaqob, who was seven when he came to the throne, with Ras Antenatewos of Begemder as his regent. Za Dengel and the other rival for the throne – Susenyos, the son of Abeto Fasilides – were exiled, but Za Dengel escaped to the mountains around Lake Tana, while Susenyos found refuge in the south amongst the Oromo.

When Yaqob came to adulthood six years later, he quarrelled with Ras Antenatewos, and had him replaced with Ras Za Sellase. However, Za Sellase deposed Yaqob, exiling him to Ennarea, and made his cousin Za Dengel Emperor. When Za Dengel proved more troublesome than Yaqob, Za Sellase recalled Yaqob from exile.

Not long after Za Dengel was defeated and killed in battle, Susenyos marched north at the head of an army raised amongst the Oromo, and sent a message to Ras Antenatewos proclaiming himself as emperor and demanding support from Antenatewos. Unable to communicate with Za Sellase, the Ras sent his troops to support Susenyos. A similar message to Za Sellase only served to steel Za Sellase into action: he marched on Susenyos, who, sick from fever, retreated into the mountains of Amhara. This lack of resolve convinced Ras Antenatewos to waver in his support, and as the rainy season passed Za Sellase began to negotiate his submission to Susenyos. At this moment Yaqob revealed himself in Dembiya and both Ras Antenatewos and Za Sellase flocked to his side.

Susenyos managed to first surprise and decimate the forces of Za Sellase at Manta Dafar in Begemder; when Za Sellase escaped to Yaqob's camp, the Emperor's derision caused Za Sellase to defect to Susenyos. For several days, the armies of the two rival emperors maneuvered in the mountains of Gojjam, to at last meet in the Battle of Gol 10 March 1607, where Yaqob and the Coptic Archbishop Abuna Petros II were killed in battle, and his troops slaughtered.

Issue
According to Zaga Christ, Yaqob had married some years before a foreigner named Nazarena a Roman, by whom he had three sons, one of whom had died before the Battle of Gol. Nazarena sent her surviving sons to safety in exile: Cosmas, the older, went south and was not heard of again; the younger, Saga Krestos, went to the safety of the Kingdom of Sennar where he was treated well and came of age. When King Rabat proposed that Saga Krestos marry his daughter, Saga Krestos refused, and was forced to flee to another refuge, adopting Roman Catholicism while at Jerusalem. Eventually he found his way to Rome (1632), and eventually to Paris, where he was given lodgings by Cardinal Richelieu. Saga Krestos died of pleurisy in 1638 at the age of 38. Thomas Pakenham provides a brief sketch of Saga Krestos' European life in his The Mountains of Rasselas, and the book ends with a description of Pakenham's visit to Saga Krestos' grave in Rueil-Malmaison.

However, O. G. S. Crawford has cast doubts on this story. In an article that discusses the surviving sources for the story of Saga Krestos, he points out a number of problems in his story which include a discrepancy over the possible date of his birth (i.e., Saga Krestos is likely to have been born in either 1610 or 1616, whereas Yaqob died in 1607), and the story of three Ethiopian monks who report that Saga Krestos was an apostate monk who wandered from place to place begging for money.

title: Yaqob