text:
Katee Sackhoff

Katee Sackhoff (born April 8, 1980) is an American actress. She is known for playing Lieutenant Kara "Starbuck" Thrace on the Sci Fi Channel's television program Battlestar Galactica (2004–2009), Niko Breckenridge on the Netflix series Another Life (2019–2021), Victoria "Vic" Moretti on the A&E / Netflix series Longmire and Bo-Katan Kryze on the Disney+ series The Mandalorian (2020–present). She also provided the voice for Kryze in Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2012–2020), Star Wars Rebels (2017) and Star Wars: Tales of the Empire (2024), as well as the voice of Bitch Pudding on Robot Chicken (2005–present). She was nominated for four Saturn Awards for her work on Battlestar Galactica and won the award for Best Supporting Actress on Television in 2005.

Sackhoff also starred in the short-lived TV series The Fearing Mind (2000–2001) and The Education of Max Bickford (2001–2002). She had recurring roles in the TV series Bionic Woman (2007), Nip/Tuck (2009), and CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2010–2011). Sackhoff had a lead role in the eighth season of 24 as Dana Walsh (2010). She had recurring roles on The Flash as Blacksmith and appeared twice as herself on The Big Bang Theory.

She had lead roles in the films Halloween: Resurrection (2002), White Noise: The Light (2007), Batman: Year One (2011), The Haunting in Connecticut 2: Ghosts of Georgia (2013), Sexy Evil Genius (2013), Riddick (2013), Oculus (2013), and Don't Knock Twice (2016).

Early life
Sackhoff was born in Portland, Oregon, and grew up in St. Helens, Oregon. Her mother, Mary, was an English-as-second-language (ESL) program coordinator, and her father, Dennis, a land developer. She graduated from Sunset High School in Beaverton in 1998. She began swimming at an early age and by high school planned to pursue a career in the sport until her right knee was injured. This led her to begin practicing yoga—which she continues today—and to pursue an interest in acting.

Career
Sackhoff moved to Los Angeles when she was 17 years old. Her first acting role was in the Lifetime film Fifteen and Pregnant (starring Kirsten Dunst), which motivated her to move to Hollywood and pursue an acting career after she graduated from high school. Sackhoff's first recurring role was as Annie in MTV's Undressed; she next won a supporting role as Nell Bickford in The Education of Max Bickford. She made her motion picture debut in My First Mister, then appeared as Jenna "Jen" Danzig in Halloween: Resurrection.

Sackhoff's most widely known role is as Kara "Starbuck" Thrace in the miniseries and follow-up TV series Battlestar Galactica, for which she won a Saturn Award in 2006 for Best Actress on Television. Her persona led the writers to develop the character as more complex and volatile. Galactica 's executive producer Ron Moore described Sackhoff as having "magnetism"; and producer David Eick said, "We saw this whole other side that was all because of Katee: vulnerability, insecurity, desperation. We started freeing ourselves up to explore the weakness of the character because we knew Katee could express those things without compromising the character's strength." Sackhoff said her performance was inspired by Linda Hamilton's portrayal of Sarah Connor in Terminator 2: Judgment Day: "I think that was the one character that I kind of looked to as far as body image and strength. I think I looked to her character and said, 'OK, that's kind of what you need to embody. Toward the end of the filming of Battlestar Galactica, Sackhoff began feeling physically weak. Soon after filming wrapped, she was diagnosed with thyroid cancer. After surgery to remove her thyroid, she required no radiation treatments and by February 2009 was in remission.

In 2007, Sackhoff was cast as the evil cyborg Sarah Corvus in the short-lived NBC series Bionic Woman. David Eick, the show's executive producer, said, "[Sackhoff is] a very special find. Those actors who can combine the qualities of strength and vulnerability—they usually call those people movie stars." Sackhoff plays the female lead in the action/sci-fi film The Last Sentinel and the supernatural thriller White Noise: The Light.

Sackhoff appears as the main character in the Lifetime film How I Married My High School Crush. She has made guest appearances in Cold Case, ER, Law & Order, and Robot Chicken. Sackhoff provided the voice of a female marine in the video game Halo 3 and is featured in the viral marketing campaign for Resistance 2. In 2011, she provided the voice for Black Cat 2099 in Spider-Man: Edge of Time. She voiced Sarah Essen in the DC Comics animated film, Batman: Year One. She appears in four episodes of the fifth season of the series Nip/Tuck playing a new doctor, Dr. Theodora Rowe. However, for the sixth season Sackhoff was replaced by Rose McGowan for the role due to scheduling conflicts. Sackhoff headlined NBC's Dick Wolf-produced cop drama Lost and Found as Tessa, "an offbeat female LAPD detective who, after butting heads with the higher-ups, is sent as a punishment to the basement to work on John Doe and Jane Doe cases." The pilot was filmed in January 2009. NBC decided not to pick up the series. In 2009, she appeared as herself in The Big Bang Theory episode "The Vengeance Formulation", being fantasized as Howard Wolowitz's dream girl. She appears again in season 4, in the same role. Sackhoff appeared as a series regular in the eighth season of the TV series 24, playing Dana Walsh, a CTU data analyst with a secret.

In February 2010, Sackhoff signed on to play the lead in an ABC crime drama pilot, Boston's Finest. ABC decided not to pick up the series.

She made a special appearance in the Futurama episode "Lrrreconcilable Ndndifferences". In the fall of 2010, Sackhoff joined the cast of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation as Detective Reed, a smart investigator who does not do well with sensitivity. In 2011, Sackhoff guest starred in an episode of Workaholics as a homeless drug addict named Rachel.

From 2012 to 2017, Sackhoff co-starred as the lead female role in Longmire, an A&E/Netflix television series based on the novels by Craig Johnson. Sackhoff played Sheriff's Deputy Vic Moretti.

From 2012, Sackhoff provided voice acting for the Lucasfilm Animation series Star Wars: The Clone Wars, in which she played Bo-Katan Kryze, member of the revolutionary Mandalorian Death Watch and Nite Owls. She reprised this role in the sequel to the series, Star Wars Rebels, and in the seventh season of the original series produced by Disney+ in 2020. Also in 2020, Sackhoff appeared as Bo-Katan Kryze in the Disney+ live action original series The Mandalorian.

Sackhoff played Dahl, a mercenary hired to track down Vin Diesel's intergalactic convict character in Riddick.

In August 2012, Sackhoff became the cohost of the Toad Hop Network podcast Schmoes Know Movies. One of her first shows was with guest Sean Astin.

Sackhoff announced in April 2015 a new TV series project, Rain, which she wrote and is executive-producing through her Fly Free Productions. She also had a role in the video game Call of Duty: Black Ops III, performing voice over and motion capture as Sarah Hall. She portrayed Pink Ranger Kimberly in Power/Rangers, a short depicting a dystopian future in the Power Rangers universe.

In 2017, Sackhoff joined The CW series The Flash in the recurring role of villain Blacksmith for its fourth season, billed as a special guest star.

On April 26, 2018, it was announced that Sackhoff was cast in a main role on the Netflix science-fiction drama series, Another Life. It ran for two seasons from 2019 to 2021. Sackhoff announced its cancellation in February 2022.

In 2023, she launched her podcast called Blah Blah Blah with Katee Sackhoff. After a rebranding, the podcast was relaunched on April 23, 2024 under the name The Sackhoff Show.

Personal life
Sackhoff and her Battlestar Galactica co-star Tricia Helfer co-founded the Acting Outlaws, a motorcycle-riding charity with which they have worked to raise awareness and funds for causes including the Gulf Restoration Network, the Humane Society, and the Red Cross amfAR.

Sackhoff's YouTube channel focuses on her training and dietary approaches to compete in events such as the Hawaii Spartan Sprint Obstacle Race.

From 2014 to 2018, Sackhoff was in a relationship with New Zealand actor Karl Urban. In 2018, Sackhoff met actor Robin Gadsby in Vancouver, British Columbia. The couple married in early October 2021 and have a daughter and a son together.

title: Katee Sackhoff


text:
Independence war

Independence war may refer to:

 * War of independence
 * I-War (1997 video game), a space combat simulator also known as Independence War

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Independence war


text:
USS Haven

USS Haven (AH-12) was the lead ship of her class of hospital ships built for the U.S. Navy during World War II. Laid down as SS Marine Hawk, she was transferred from the Maritime Commission for conversion to a hospital ship, and served in that capacity through the end of the war. She was redesignated APH-112 (evacuation transport) in June 1946 for participation in Operation Crossroads, returning to her original AP-12 designation in October 1946. Haven participated in the Korean War and eventually ending her military career acting as a floating hospital in Long Beach, California. She was later converted to a chemical carrier and scrapped in 1987.

World War II
Initially named SS Marine Hawk, Haven was launched under Maritime Commission contract by Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co., Chester, Pennsylvania, on June 24, 1944. Acquired and placed in service from June 15th to June 19th in 1944 for transportation to her conversion yard, Todd-Erie Shipyard, in Brooklyn. Upon completion of her conversion for Navy use, she was commissioned on May 5, 1945.

Following shakedown training, the hospital ship sailed on June 14, 1945, via the Panama Canal for the Pacific Theater, where the war was reaching its climax. Reaching Pearl Harbor on July 6, 1945, the ship brought patients on board for return to San Francisco. After returning to Hawaii on August 11, 1945, just prior to the Japanese surrender, the USS Haven sailed to Okinawa and Nagasaki. She arrived off the destroyed Japanese city on September 11, 1945, and brought on board a group of allied ex-prisoners of war, some of them suffering from the effects of the atomic blast. During the remainder of 1945 the ship was engaged in transporting patients from Guam, Saipan, and Pearl Harbor to San Francisco, arriving after her second long voyage on January 31, 1946.

At San Francisco, the USS Haven took on radiological equipment and scientific researchers in preparation for the forthcoming atomic tests in the Pacific, Operation Crossroads. She sailed on May 29th for Pearl Harbor and arrived at Bikini Atoll on June 12, 1946, temporarily re-designated as APH-112. The ship remained in the test area supervising the medical aspects of the experiments throughout the operation and arrived at Kwajalein Atoll on August 26th to assist in the inspection of the test ships.

Haven departed 10 October for Pearl Harbor and the United States, and upon her arrival and decontamination was assigned once again to transport troops from the Pacific outposts to California as AH-12. This important duty occupied her until February 1947, when she reported to San Diego and was decommissioned 1 July. Haven entered the Pacific Reserve Fleet, San Diego group.

Korean War
With the outbreak of the Korean War, hospital ships were desperately needed. Following the sinking of sister ship USS Benevolence (AH-13) off fog-bound San Francisco in August 1950, Haven was taken out of reserve and commissioned 15 September 1950. She sailed 25 September via Pearl Harbor for Inchon, Korea, site of one of the most audacious and skillful amphibious operations in history. The hospital ship remained off Inchon, caring for casualties until 6 January 1951, when the attacking Chinese Communists forced her to move further south. She steamed via Pusan to Sasebo, Japan.

Haven returned to Pusan on 5 February to care for battle casualties, and after another voyage to Inchon remained at Pusan until she sailed for the United States, arriving at San Francisco 30 October 1951. Eager to get back into action, however, she began her second tour of Korean duty 7 January 1952. She operated off Inchon and Pusan during the months that followed, receiving many of her patients by helicopters directly from the front lines on two floating helicopter landing pads with one moored on each side midway down her hull. Haven sailed again for the United States 16 September 1952, and, after the installation of a new flight deck to facilitate helicopter evacuation of patients, once more steamed out of San Diego 24 January 1953. She returned to her regular station in Inchon harbor where during the next 7 months she treated almost 3,000 patients.

The veteran hospital ship sailed for the United States 20 August 1953, and, after her arrival at San Francisco 3 September, operated off the coast of California. She began her fourth tour of duty in Korea 4 January 1954, arriving at Inchon 7 February to provide regular medical care for troops. Haven also made occasional visits to Japan; and on 1 September with Korea in a state of uneasy truce, she was ordered to French Indochina, arriving at Saigon 9 September. There she brought French troops on board as Viet Nam was partitioned and the French army withdrawn. Haven sailed to Oran and Marseille in October to disembark the soldiers, and completing her round-the-world voyage arrived at Long Beach via the Panama Canal 1 November 1954.

Korean War campaigns
Haven won nine battle stars for its part in the Korean war, participating in the following campaigns:
 * North Korean Aggression
 * 17 October to 2 November 1950

 * Second Korean Winter
 * 30 January to 20 March 1952

 * Communist China Aggression
 * 3 November 1959-(?) to 9 January 1951

 * Korean Defense Summer-Fall 1952
 * 1 May to 28 June 1952
 * 19 July to 24 August 1952

 * First UN Counter Offensive
 * 5 February to 2 April 1951

 * Third Korean Winter
 * 10 February to 6 April 1953
 * 26 to 30 April 1953

 * Communist China Spring Offensive
 * 26 April to 8 July 1951

 * Korea Summer-Fall 1953
 * 1 May to 17 June 1953
 * 9 to 27 July 1953

 * UN Summer-Fall Offensive
 * 9 July to 22 August 1951
 * 9 September to 7 October 1951

Later career
Haven took part in fleet maneuvers and provided hospital services for sailors through 1955 and 1956 and decommissioned at Long Beach 30 June 1957. She was placed in an "In Reserve, In Service" status, and remained moored at Long Beach acting as a floating hospital. During this time she served as a backdrop for the CBS television series Hennesey. She had also appeared in the background of scenes shot at the Long Beach Naval Shipyard for the film D-Day the Sixth of June, filmed in 1956.

She was struck from the Navy List on 1 March 1967. Haven was returned to the Maritime Administration Reserve Fleet on 5 June 1967.

Type C4-class ships of like Haven were then in demand for commercial service because of their relatively large size and engines-aft configuration. Haven was sold by the Maritime Administration in 1968, lengthened by 145 feet (44.2 m), and converted into the chemical carrier Clendenin. Renamed Alaskan upon completion of conversion, she served with Union Carbide until sold for scrap in 1987.

Additional
The U.S. Naval Sea Cadet Corps (USNSCC) has a unit commissioned named after the USS Haven. The units name is Haven Division located in San Pedro, CA.

title: USS Haven


text: User talk:64.203.36.148

title: User talk:64.203.36.148


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Reading spark plugs for racing

Wikisource, from what I see is a disorganized wasteland of miscellaneous chatter. A place where anyone looking for this information will never find it. Therefore it may as well be deleted. That should satisfy the “handwringers” and the "delete on sight anything I know nothing about” crowds. Not to mention the vote was

1 Delete 1 Merge 2 Transwiki 2 Keep ...And transwiki wins?

When I heard of Wikipedia I thought, marvelous! Finally a source where someone can both find and contribute information that is ignored by other encyclopedias. A resource which has the potential to capture the vast knowledge of all aspects of the human experience. A COMPLETE reference (eventually in time). If it is to be just the same as all the others, who needs wikipedia? Encarta, Britannica and all the rest can do that job. What is encyclopedic? If it is only what is found in other encyclopedias and anything else is rejected then why waste time trying to add to it, knowing that the effort will be for nothing.

Not to mention the voters who couldnt possibly have even read the page before casting a vote. Too busy voteing I guess but hardly INFORMED or CONSIDERED votes.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Robert Farrell

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Jinian 15:28, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Robert Farrell
A research staff member. Article fails to establish notability. Sjakkalle 07:37, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless expanded. While I tend to complain that Wikipedia demands far higher levels of achievement for scientists than for actors or sportspeople (where merely being employed as one gives you a good chance of an article), I'd say that the article needs to actually say what the scientist has done to contribute. This merely states he is employed. Average Earthman 09:05, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — The Thomas J. Watson Research Center page is barely a stub, so this doesn't even appear to be merge-worthy. — RJH 17:38, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, I've expanded the article on the Thomas J. Watson Research Center, but I've not bothered mentioning every manager of every division for some reason... Average Earthman 19:52, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Agree with Earthman's first comment DDerby 10:02, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
When Your Heartstrings Break

When Your Heartstrings Break is the second studio album by San Francisco indie rock band Beulah. It was released on March 9, 1999 on the Sugar Free Records label. The album went out of print several years afterwards and did not see a reprinting until 2003. When Your Heartstrings Break is one of the two records that Beulah personally owns the rights to, the other being Handsome Western States. The album was released in Japan, Europe and Australia, with each release bearing album art different from the US release.

Track listing
All songs written by Miles Kurosky, except where noted.

 * 1) "Score from Augusta" – 2:54
 * 2) "Sunday Under Glass" (Kurosky/LaFollette) – 2:54
 * 3) "Matter vs. Space" – 3:00
 * 4) "Emma Blowgun's Last Stand" – 5:21
 * 5) "Calm Go the Wild Seas" – 3:01
 * 6) "Ballad of the Lonely Argonaut" – 2:29
 * 7) "Comrade's Twenty Sixth" – 1:53
 * 8) "The Aristocratic Swells" – 2:55
 * 9) "Silverado Days" – 3:39
 * 10) "Warmer" – 2:56
 * 11) "If We Can Land a Man on the Moon, Surely I Can Win Your Heart" (a.k.a. IWCLAMOTMSICWYH) – 3:17

Singles
The songs "Sunday Under Glass", "Score from Augusta" and "Emma Blowgun's Last Stand" were released as singles in the United Kingdom on the Shifty Disco label. The song "Emma Blowgun's Last Stand" was released as an EP in Australia on the Elastic Records label. "If We Can Land a Man on the Moon, Surely I Can Win Your Heart" was featured in the 2009 soundtrack to the graphic novel Scott Pilgrim vs. the Universe.

title: When Your Heartstrings Break


text:
Talk:Degree (angle)

Whooo
Who did come up with the invention? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.149.246.129 (talk) 07:43, 7 April 2005 (UTC)

 * As well as who, what time was the system invented/adopted. — Preceding unsigned comment added by JayDee (talk • contribs) 13:13, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

 * My little tidbit about the calendar may provide some clues. - Nolan Eakins — Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.224.249.151 (talk) 09:33, 21 June 2005 (UTC)

 * I doubt there were too many peoples who literally thought the year consisted of 360 days. Rather, 360 was a conveniently round number (especially in terms of a sexagesimal numbering system) which was CLOSE to the number of days in a year...AnonMoos 01:44, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

 * According to my old maths teacher they calculated the number of days in a year by lighting a candle everyday at dusk and putting it out at sunrise then saving up the bits that were left over a few years and comparing the lengths. Obviously this method wasnt very accurate hence 360 instead of 365(point whatever). Probably an urban myth but maybe someone can confirm/refute ? 213.40.112.230 (talk) 20:16, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

 * This is so overwrought to be patently absurd... it would have been rather easier to just, you know; count the number of days. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.131.44.14 (talk) 23:49, 2 November 2010 (UTC)

 * They wouldn't be able to count the number of days because they wouldn't know when to stop counting. If this is true, then I'd imagine they use the candles to determine the length of days.  Lining up the candles in the order burned, they would be able to see a sinusoidal wave of sorts.  One wavelengh would then equal one year and the number of candles in a wavelenth would be the number of days in a year.  Of course, this wouldn't be exactly accurate because it would be near impossible to light and put out the candles exactly at dusk and dawn each day.  It's really not so absurd as you might think.  I have never heard of this theory before so I don't really have anything substantial to back up this hypothesis.  It's an interesting idea though. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.44.89.231 (talk • contribs) 00:27, 28 September 2011

 * Per the wiki articles on candles and the history of trig, candles did not appear in Europe or the middle east until a few hundred years after the 360 degree circle was known to be established at the latest. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.63.69.193 (talk) 07:54, 15 July 2012 (UTC)

whyyy
why is each degree divided into 60 parts and each minute into sixty seconds??? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 147.153.52.68 (talk) 19:22, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

 * This is pure speculation, but these subdivisions may also go back to the Babylonian base-60 system. If so, they defined minutes and seconds as naturally as we would define tenths and hundredths of a degree. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Polyparadigm (talk • contribs) 07:47, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

 * i would also like to know why they chose the terms "minutes" and "seconds" - the history section on this page or the sexigesimal page does not address this... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.93.145.61 (talk) 01:12, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I heard that a minute was the first minute (mahy-noot) division of a degree (or hour) and a second is the 2nd. I haven't looked for a source for this, but someone else can if they like. 75.85.51.140 (talk) 09:42, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Minute comes from Latin, minure, that means decrease, and minus has the same origin. Second also comes from Latin, secundus, that means 2nd. It would be interesting to know how old the division of degrees into minutes and seconds is.Entropeter (talk) 10:48, 12 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Older textbooks also talk about thirds and some even fourths Martin of Sheffield (talk) 21:03, 11 April 2020 (UTC)

Other Units II
Besides degrees of sixtywise, and the metric grade and radian, the following divisions are noted.

1. The division of the circle into signs and degrees to match the months and days, is ancient, and separately in Egypt, in the Chaldea, and in China, (in the far east). Such measures are used to record the movements of the sun and the moon and the stars (planets), against the fixed stars. Although 12 signs are usual, 15 or even 36 signs are recorded too.

2. The egyptian zodiac contains 36 decans. The origin of the 24-hour day comes from the count of 24 hours in the 'decimal day', ten hours of sunlight, and hour each of twilights of dawn and dusk, and twelve hours being the rising of twelve decans at night. It was the greeks that made the hours of equal lengths, and divided them against the chaldean fractions.

2. According to Sir Thomas L Heath (A manual of greek mathematics,  p384), the Chaldeans used the division of circles into 360 degrees only for astronomy. Circles in general are rendered as a diameter of 60 ells, with pi=3, gives a circle of 180 ells of 24 digits each. It is Hipparchus who advamced the elliptic division for general use.

3. Angles based on the mil (such as the Swedish and NATO scales), suppose pi is somewhere near 3, and the circle is 1000 units. The use of such says that at 1000 yards, two points separated by a mill is separated by a yard. Pi variously equals 3.15 in Sweden, 3.2 in the NATO countries. In the NATO case, a division with pi=3.2, divides the circle to 6400 mills, which makes the compass points come at 200 mills.

4. An angle-system one encounters on astronomy chards is HMS of right ascession. Here, the circle is divided into 24 hours, of 60 minutes of 60 seconds, rather than 360 degrees. It kind of replicates the standard siderial clock (zenith pointer points to siderial time against RA).

5. Common angles include the use of clock-face units, eg '4-oclock', where up, forward, or north is 12-oclock.

Wendy.krieger (talk) 09:59, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

It is all in the hands
Before all the instruments and theorems listed in this article were available the most used tool for measurement were an individuals hands. Astronomy was no different. There are 9 hands from the horizon to zenith if held at arms length, palms facing so they can be seen and stacked on top of one another during the count. This makes 36 hands in a circle and when each hand is divided into tens then there are 360 divisions. Thus 360 degrees in a circle, 90 in a right angle and so on and so forth. Michael Edwards (Michaelmwe3wm) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Michaelmwe3wm (talk • contribs) 21:47, 5 October 2012 (UTC)

Not a protractor
A protractor is a simple instrument used to measure angles, typically on a map. A dial sight or aiming circle is an artillery instrument used to lay a gun in azimuth by means of an aiming point other than the target. It is copiously covered in the relevant professional literature, mostly published by Governments who tend to the be users of artillery. Ugloma is the transliteration of the Russian name.Nfe (talk) 08:46, 2 July 2013 (UTC)

 * First of all, a word of explanation for the benefit of anyone reading this who does not know the history which led to the above comment being posted. It refers to the fact that, in connection with the Russian army's use of a unit of 1⁄6000 of a circle, until a few days ago the article said "this may be seen on a protractor, circa 1900, in the St Petersberg Museum of Artillery", which has been changed to "this may be seen on an 'ugloma' (dial sight or aiming cirle in English), circa 1900, in the St Petersberg Museum of Artillery".
 * I have just spent a considerable amount of time searching for confirmation that this word exists in Russian, and has the meaning you attribute to it. I have looked in two Russian dictionaries that I have, and several online dictionaries. I have searched on Google for "углома" (ugloma) and for various forms that would be expected to be case forms of that word, if it exists, such as "угломах" (uglomakh), "угломой" (uglomoy), "угломов" (uglomov), "угломе" (uglome). The conclusion is perfectly clear: "углома" (ugloma) exists only as the genitive of "углом" (uglom), which means "angle" or "corner", and does not have the meaning you attribute to it at all. Apart from dictionaries saying so, I found numerous actual uses of the word (in various case forms) where the context made it abundantly clear that "angle" or "corner" was the meaning, and not a single one where it could possibly be taken as meaning a measuring instrument. Here are a few examples:, , , and there are many more. The most relevant Russian word I can find is "угломер" (uglomer), which usually means "protractor", but which has a broader range of uses than the usual English meanings of "protractor", and can be used to refer to inclinometers, alidades, and goniometers. Instruments developed from the goniometer are used in the sort of application you refer to, and have been variously referred to in English as "goniometric sights", "aiming circle goniometers", "dial sights", "aiming circles" and "panoramic telescope", so it seems very probable that the Russia "угломер" includes the dial sights and aiming circles that you have given as English equivalents in the article, and I have little doubt that the instrument referred to in the article is some form of goniometer or dial sight.

 * Having said all that, it is really an academic question what the correct Russian word is, because this is the English language Wikipedia, and in the absence of very good reasons for doing otherwise, we should use English. (The article Napoleon refers to the French troops' horses, not to their chevaux; we don't use a French word just because the particular horses happened to be French ones.) Another point is that the present wording of the article is not likely to be very helpful, because most readers will never have heard even of a dial sight or aiming circle, let alone either the mythical "ugloma" or the real "uglomer". I therefore intend to replace the present wording with one which uses the English expressions for the device, and gives a brief explanation of the term. If you disagree with my changes for any reason, please let me know. JamesBWatson (talk) 12:57, 2 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Incidentally, I have also replaced "aiming cirle" with "aiming circle", which I trust is OK. JamesBWatson (talk) 13:05, 2 July 2013 (UTC)

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HP user manual as a reference?
Really? Are the HP calculators' user manuals the best reference for the symbols and conversion factors? And I didn't find the symbol "deg" defined anywhere, it looks more like an abbreviation (which should be "deg." then). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jellby (talk • contribs) 08:35, 11 May 2020 (UTC)

"Bogengrad" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Bogengrad and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 March 5 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. ev iolite  (talk)  04:01, 5 March 2022 (UTC)

"Altgrad" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Altgrad and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 March 5 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. ev iolite  (talk)  04:12, 5 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Degree (angle)


text:
Binomial

Binomial may refer to:

In mathematics

 * Binomial (polynomial), a polynomial with two terms
 * Binomial coefficient, numbers appearing in the expansions of powers of binomials
 * Binomial QMF, a perfect-reconstruction orthogonal wavelet decomposition
 * Binomial theorem, a theorem about powers of binomials
 * Binomial type, a property of sequences of polynomials

In probability and statistics

 * Binomial distribution, a type of probability distribution
 * Binomial process
 * Binomial test, a test of significance

In computing science

 * Binomial heap, a data structure

In linguistics

 * Binomial pair, a sequence of two or more words or phrases in the same grammatical category, having some semantic relationship and joined by some syntactic device

In biology

 * Binomial nomenclature, a Latin two-term name for a species, such as Sequoia sempervirens

In finance

 * Binomial options pricing model, a numerical method for the valuation of options

In politics

 * Binomial voting system, a voting system used in the parliamentary elections of Chile between 1989 and 2013

title: Binomial


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DCFC

DCFC can stand for:

Sport

 * Daejeon Citizen, a South Korean football club
 * Derby County Football Club, an English football club
 * Derry City Football Club, an Irish football club
 * Detroit City FC, an American soccer club
 * Donegal Celtic Football Club, a Northern Irish football club
 * Dublin City Football Club, a now defunct Irish football club
 * Durham City F.C., an English non-league football club

Other Uses

 * Death Cab for Cutie, an American indie rock band
 * Direct Carbon Fuel Cell
 * Direct Current Fast Charge, a method of recharging electric vehicle batteries
 * Dream City Film Club, a British band
 * Dry-column flash chromatography, a type of column chromatography.

title: DCFC


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The pisces evolution

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 01:23, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The pisces evolution
This page appears to be a vanity/promo site for a one-man band. Its album has not yet been released.--Lxw21 07:45, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 09:35, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 09:35, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * That last vote was by Sanmartin, either credit to that user or ignore it. Megan1967 05:10, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Do Not Delete - The album is not being clearly sold here. The purpose of the music is to attract the attention of Dysthymia, and to extend it onto finding more information on that.  The music from the album is in direct experience with a serious social problem such as depression.  How can you make an assumption that because it is being told in a diffrent way, than say text books or Dr. Phil, that it is not legit?  The problem with "censorship" to the articles is the lack information that is given to anyone who chooses to find it.  I understand that thier are people who purposefully exploit themselves, but that is not what's being done.  No money is being involved here, and there are links that clearly lead to further information on the disease.  I do not believe this page should be deleted.
 * Anonymous votes dont count. If the purpose of the article is to attract attention rather than makes claims to notability, then it also should be deleted on the grounds of "promotion/advertisment" regardless if its not for profit. What Wikipedia is not. Megan1967 05:10, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, NN (per band inclusion guideline). Radiant_* 09:34, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. -- Karada 09:38, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Gender expression

Gender expression, or gender presentation, is a person's behavior, mannerisms, and appearance that are socially associated with gender, namely femininity or masculinity. Gender expression can also be defined as the external manifestation of one's gender identity through behavior, clothing, hairstyles, voice, or body characteristics. Typically, a person's gender expression is thought of in terms of masculinity and femininity, but an individual's gender expression may incorporate both feminine and masculine traits, or neither. A person's gender expression may or may not match their assigned sex at birth. This includes gender roles, and accordingly relies on cultural stereotypes about gender. It is distinct from gender identity.

Terminology
Gender expression typically reflects a person's gender identity (their internal sense of their own gender), but this is not always the case. Gender expression is separate and independent both from sexual orientation and sex assigned at birth. Gender identity can be expressed through behavior, clothing, hair, makeup, voice, body language and other aspects of one's external appearance. Gender expression does not always fall in line with a person's gender identity. A type of gender expression that is considered atypical for a person's externally perceived gender may be described as gender non-conforming.

Gender expression can vary widely between individuals and cultures, and may not always align with traditional gender roles or expectations. Some people may express their gender in a way that is typically associated with the opposite sex, such as a man wearing a dress or a woman having short hair and wearing masculine clothing. Others may prefer a gender-neutral or androgynous appearance, or may choose to present differently depending on the situation or context.

In men and boys, typical or masculine gender expression is often described as manly, while atypical or feminine expression is known as effeminate. In girls and young women, atypically masculine expression is called tomboyish. In lesbian and queer women, masculine and feminine expressions are known as butch and femme respectively. A mixture of typical and atypical expression may be described as androgynous.

The term gender expression is used in the Yogyakarta Principles, which concern the application of international human rights law in relation to sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, and sex characteristics. The term also designates a criterion for human rights protection in certain countries, including Canada.

Versus sexual orientation
While gender expression does not necessarily connect to sexuality, individuals often are misinterpreted as more masculine if lesbian and more feminine if gay, regardless of the individual's gender expression. These beliefs can lead to people misinterpreting an individual's gender expression based on their sexuality. Studies on adolescents conducted by Stacey Horn, showed that gay and lesbian individuals who did not express themselves as their assigned gender were seen as less acceptable. Individuals who expressed themselves with their assigned gender typically faced less social harassment and discrimination. On the other hand, heterosexual males whose gender expression was more feminine than masculine were the most discriminated against.

"The heterosexual matrix" theory created by gender theorist Judith Butler posits that people often assume someone's sexuality based on their visible gender and sex. Lisa Disch states that it explains why people tend to assume someone's gender expression based on their sex and sexuality. Some sexologists, especially earlier on in the 20th century, viewed gay men and lesbians as "gender inverts". This idea was seen in figures in 1950s New York gay culture: effeminate men referred to as "fairies", as well as butch lesbians. Drag shows also can be considered a way that modifying one's gender expression can indicate their sexuality, though this is not always the case. Some research proved a similar idea, showing that homosexual people are generally more gender nonconforming than heterosexual people, and gender nonconformity throughout life can be an indicator of sexuality.

Discrimination
People sometimes face discrimination because of their gender expression. Victims of discrimination often culturally express different genders than their gender identity or biological sex. Gender expression-based discrimination can be independent of sexual orientation, and it can lead to bullying, childhood abuse, sexual assault, discrimination, and various other traumatizing hardships.

Discrimination based on sexual orientation can be connected to a person's gender expression. Scholars say it is difficult to separate the connection between anti-LGBTQ discrimination and gender expression, especially when the expression differs from the person's assigned gender at birth. In a study done by Steph M. Anderson, she found that in discriminatory situations, participants' gender affected whether or not they were perceived as LGBTQ. People whose expression aligned with their assigned gender felt less of an impact than those whose expression did not align with their assigned gender. When it comes to health care, one study shows that people with a non-normative gender expression experienced biases during their care. For example, lesbians who presented femininely may be more comfortable in healthcare spaces than people whose expression does not match their assigned gender. Some gender non-conforming people in the study expressed feelings that having one's gender or sexuality assumed because of their expression limited their comfort and access to healthcare.

Gender expression is a sizable aspect of how a person views themselves, and thus will impact self confidence. When an individual is forced, for personal or societal influences, to portray themselves in a manner they do not personally identify with, confidence can be greatly hindered in turn damaging mental health. A 2017 study reported that when masculine presenting lesbians are made to dress in a feminine style, their confidence suffers greatly.

Related terms
Other, rarer terms exist for aspects of gender expression. In academic sources, a feminine gender expression in a male (of any orientation) may be called gynemimesis (adjective: gynemimetic). The converse is andromimesis (adj.: andromimetic).

title: Gender expression


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User:Thewojewoda

Hot soup!

title: User:Thewojewoda


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User talk:Sholtar

To leave me a message, please click the + link at the top of this page and make sure to sign your name.

Welcome!
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Hyacinth 07:49, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

 * Your welcome. I haven't looked at many of your edits (they are mostly minor correctsion, which are amazing!) but they look great.  If other users don't like what you are doing, don't worry, they will let you know. Hyacinth 04:28, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

VfD
Hello, Sholtar. I noticed that you placed a tag on Christianforums.com, but that you hadn't placed a link on Votes for deletion. I hope I didn't interrupt anything that you may have been doing with it, but I took the liberty of creating the page for you. :) – ClockworkSoul 03:37, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I do it all the time myself. :D – ClockworkSoul 03:40, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

New User Welcome...
Actually, I did what you suggested before I read your suggestion :)... You can see it now at User:Ilyanep/Welcome Message  —  Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ)  04:06, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Has someone logged on as you
Someone replaced the United State page "US Senate" with "US Sexmaniacs" - reportedly this was you. However it looks like this isn't your normal behavior. Is it possible your account has been compromised? - Reboot

William Dummer
Hi Sholtar, good to see you making some new articles. For future reference, though, biographies shouldn't be listed as history stubs (hist-stub is for historical events, bio-stub and its subcategories are for people). In the case of William Dummer I've changed the stub message to US-politician-stub. Grutness|hello? 06:42, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The calculus sidebar
Hi. I wonder if you could take a look at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Mathematics and tell us your opinion about the calculus sidebar. So far, some of us think it has been growing too big. Thanks. Oleg Alexandrov 15:43, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Hey, thanks for bringing that to my attention, I wasn't aware there was discussion about it. I've added what I think should be done to the talk page, so you can go check it out and see if that sounds good.  Sholtar 21:28, May 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * I wrote more on Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Mathematics. Oleg Alexandrov 22:24, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

 * By the way, I changed your user page a bit, to make it conform to the manual of style. Oleg Alexandrov 22:24, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

I would give Ryan Cabrera's article more attention, and I have observed and complained about the vandalism before, but there isn't much I can do because I have a relevant ArbCom ruling banning me from editing it. I can revert the simplest kind of vandalism, but that's it. If you want to keep an eye on it, that'd be great. Everyking 00:56, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Long story, but basically I got in some revert wars over how much detail some articles related to Ashlee Simpson should have (I thought the level of detail was reasonable, others thought it was excessive and were deleting lots of it), and I got slapped because I was on the minority side in the dispute. Sad but true. Everyking 01:45, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Chess
How do I play a game here? = Nichalp ( Talk )= 19:14, May 29, 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject Years Survey
Hi. To get everybody thinking, I've created a survey about Year pages here. I'm telling all the participants of WikiProject Years and everyone else who has shown an interest or participated in the discussion. If you could check it out it would be appreciated, and tell anyone you think may be interested.Trevor macinnis 03:17, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

User categorization
Greetings, Sholtar! Please accept this message as an invitation to categorize your user page in the category Category:Wikipedians in Washington and removing your name from the Wikipedians/Washington page. The page will be deleted when all users have been removed. Even if you do not wish to be placed in a category, could you take a moment to remove your name from the Wikipedians/Washington page? Thanks!!

To add your name to the category, please use the tag   to ensure proper sorting.

For more information, please see User categorisation and Category:Wikipedians by location. -- Roby Wayne  Talk •  Hist 06:56, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

Sholtar,

I'm not exactly sure, but you left me a message for my IP(?) saying not to do vandalism in May of 2005, however, we just got internet in the past month. Please explain.

Hi Sholtar,

My name is Bill Adams and I am a news assistant in Beijing researching an article on Sidney Rittenberg for the Christian Science Monitor, whose Wikipedia article you have edited. Would you be willing to be interviewed on Rittenberg? Our article is an in-depth profile of the man, his experiences in and perspective on China, and his place in Chinese history.

Thank you, Bill Adams Mobile: +86-131-6198-9111 billjadams AT gmail DOT com

Year page formatting of multiple events
Hello, I'm sending you this message since you were involved in the August 2005 survey on year pages. As I don't know if you've gathered, somebody has been fighting for a change to the house style on how to notate multiple events on the same date. A discussion is currently in progress - your contribution (including whether you still favour the style you voted for or have changed your mind) would be appreciated! -- Smjg (talk) 15:31, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

Fair use image problems
I notice you have uploaded the image Image:Rittenbergmao.jpg with the fair use image tag. However, this tag seems unrelated to the content of the image, and as a result it may qualify for speedy deletion. Image:Rittenbergmao.jpg has been tagged for deletion, and may have been deleted by the time you see this message.

If you can find a valid tag that expresses why Image:Rittenbergmao.jpg can be used under the fair use guidelines, please replace the tag that you have placed on it with that tag. If no such tag exists, please add the tag, along with a brief explanation of why this constitutes fair use of the image. If the image has been deleted, you can re-upload it, but please ensure you place the correct tag on it. However, you must not remove the speedy deletion notice. Thank you, and please feel free to continue contributing to Wikipedia.

Image is a book cover, but article in which image is used is not about the book. Also no fair-use rationale.}} Hippo (talk) 02:42, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

Invitation to Meetup/Seattle6, a focus group
Hello. I'm part of a research group at the University of Washington (Seattle campus), and my group is reaching out to Wikipedians in the Puget Sound area. We're hosting a focus group designed to gather information on what Wikipedians would like to know about each other when interacting on Wikipedia. Our end goal is to create an embedded application that helps people quickly know more about others' history and activity on Wikipedia, and we feel our design will be much more useful if it's based on insights of users like you.

I'm hoping that the chance to help out local researchers, to engage in lively face-to-face discussion with other Seattle Wikipedians, and to contribute to Wikipedia in a new way will entice you to join us. The session lasts 2 hours and snacks are provided. Sessions will be held on UW Seattle campus - directions will be sent after registration. Your contribution will be greatly appreciated!

Willing and able to help us out? RSVP here. Want to know more? Visit our user talk page. Please help us contact other local Wikipedians, too! Commprac01 (talk) 01:10, 15 March 2009 (UTC)

NEW CATEGORY PAGE
Hello Washington-user!! What do you think of this category? Either on a scale of 1-10 or with commentary. Let me know through the "Special:EmailUser/" section. #TTiT# 13:36, 14 August 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by The-Traveller-in-Tacoma (talk • contribs)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:56, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sholtar


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Keith Gordon

Keith Gordon (born February 3, 1961) is an American actor and film director.

Early life
Gordon was born in New York City, the son of Mark, an actor and stage director, and Barbara Gordon. He grew up in an atheist Jewish family. Gordon was inspired to become an actor at the age of twelve, after seeing James Earl Jones in a Broadway production of Of Mice and Men.

Career
As an actor, Gordon's first feature film role was that of class clown Doug in Jaws 2 (the 1978 sequel to the blockbuster hit Jaws). In 1979 Gordon appeared in Bob Fosse's semi-autobiographical All That Jazz as the teenage version of the film's protagonist Joe Gideon (played by Gordon's Jaws 2 co-star Roy Scheider). Gordon then appeared in two films by Brian De Palma: as a film student in Home Movies (1979) and in the 1980 erotic thriller Dressed to Kill as the son of Angie Dickinson's character. Gordon played Arnie Cunningham, the main character (who buys the titular car Christine), in the 1983 horror film Christine, directed by John Carpenter from the novel by Stephen King. In the 1985 film The Legend of Billie Jean Gordon played Lloyd Muldaur, the son of a District Attorney who aspires to be Attorney General. He was in the 1986 Mark Romanek film Static, and he wrote the screenplay. In the 1986 comedy movie Back to School, Gordon played Jason Melon, the son of Rodney Dangerfield's character. In most of these films, he played a nerd. He was named number 1 in Cinematicals' Top 7 Most Convincing Nerds. His most recent onscreen film appearance was in 2001, in the movie Delivering Milo.

Gordon left acting for directing, making his debut in 1988 with the movie The Chocolate War, about a student who rebels against the rigid hierarchies in his Catholic school. His other films include the 1992 anti-war film A Midnight Clear, about a group of American soldiers in the Ardennes just before and during the Battle of the Bulge, as well as Mother Night (adapted from the novel by Kurt Vonnegut), Waking the Dead, and the film The Singing Detective. He also directed some of the mini-series Wild Palms and appeared in the 2006 Iraq War documentary Whose War?. His directing credits for television include Homicide: Life on the Street, Gideon's Crossing, Dexter, The Bridge, House and the second and third seasons of Fargo.

Film
Acting roles

Award nominations

 * Independent Spirit Awards
 * Best Screenplay - A Midnight Clear (1992)
 * Best First Feature - The Chocolate War (1988)

 * Sitges - Catalan International Film Festival
 * Best Film - The Singing Detective (2003)

title: Keith Gordon


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Trossingen

Trossingen (Swabian: Drossinge) is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated in a region called Baar, between the Swabian Alb and the Black Forest. Stuttgart is about an hour away, Lake Constance about half an hour, and the source of the river Danube can be reached in about twenty minutes by car. Trossingen is renowned as a "music town". Although it has only nearly 17,000 inhabitants as of December 31, 2018, the town is home to the renowned 'University of Music Trossingen' (with its famous Early Music department), which is one of Baden-Württemberg's five state conservatories, and there are several other institutions specializing in musical education, like the 'Bundesakademie für musikalische Jugendbildung'  and the 'Hohner Konservatorium'. In 1830 Christian Messner from Trossingen, a cloth maker and weaver, copied a harmonica brought to Trossingen by his next door neighbor, a clockmaker from Vienna. This was the beginning of musical instrument production in the town. Messner was so successful at making such instruments that eventually his brother and some relatives also started making harmonicas. From 1840 on his nephew Christian Weiss started working on his own, so by 1855 there were two registered businesses - Christian Messner & Co. and Württ. Harmonikafabrik Ch. Weiss. Trossingen is not the home of the world's oldest existent harmonica manufacturer, C.A. Seydel Sohne, founded in 1847, which is based in the town of Klingenthal/Sachsen.

In 1857 the Matthias Hohner company was founded. Today, Hohner harmonicas and accordions are well known all over the world. Trossingen also houses the German Harmonica Museum.

Trossingen has a historic railway: the Trossinger Eisenbahn.

At the edge of town, in a former clay quarry, were found several dozen skeletons, both complete and partial, of the prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus engelhardti during excavations in the early 20th century. The local museum Auberlehaus houses several original bones.

International relations
Trossingen is twinned with:

 * 🇫🇷 Cluses, France
 * 🇺🇸 Beaverton, Oregon, United States
 * 🇳🇦 Windhoek, Namibia

title: Trossingen


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Mass media in Nepal

Mass media in Nepal include radios, televisions, newspapers and the online services.

Radio
Historically, radio has been the most prevalent form of mass communication in Nepal. Government-owned Radio Nepal has been the sole domestic radio provider since 1951. By 1995 it was broadcasting short-wave, medium-wave, and FM frequencies. Private operators can lease the FM channel.

 * Radios: 2,000,000 (2006)
 * Radio stations: AM 6, FM 200, shortwave 1 (2015)

Television
Television started broadcasting in 1985. Broadcasters include government-owned Nepal Television (NT), which has two channels, and private broadcasters Nepal One, Shangri-La, and Space Time Network. All private broadcasters have experienced financial losses and content restrictions. Foreign programs can be accessed via satellite or cable. Statistics on viewership are not available, but less than 15 percent of the population appear to have access.

Television launched as a project under the sixth development plan (1980-1985) with the slogan "Communication for Development". Its mission statement was "Produce and telecast programs on educational, religious and cultural conservation to promote national unity, conserve heritage and promote national interest". It was part of a research project to study the feasibility of establishing television to ascertain if this was economically and technically possible. NT had a monopoly for over 15 years.

Nepal has seventeen television broadcasters including NT and NTV PLUS. The private broadcasters are Kantipur Television owned by Kantipur Publication; Image Channel owned by Image Groups of Companies and Avenues Television, Galaxy 4K owned by Gorkha Media Network Private Limited, Nepal Network TV NNTV owned & managed by DAR Group of Industries. A news and current affairs channel is owned by Avenues Ad and started broadcasting in July 2007. Sagarmatha Television, launched in July 2007. ABC TV Nepal and National TV launched in 2008, News 24, Himalaya Television and Mountain Television launched in 2010. Entertainment channels emerged in 2009 beginning with TV Filmy, with E-24 Television launching in 2012. Regional Channels like Terai Television, Nepal Mandal and Makalu Television started in 2010. Mission Star launched. Nepal 1 is beamed from India. Channel Nepal was the first Nepali language satellite channel, which discontinued in 2011. Other channels include: AP1 HD TV, Mountain television, Arena Television, Himskhikhar Television, Young Asia Television (Nepal), Araniko Television, BroadTV and Mero TV.

 * Television broadcast stations: 18 (2012) (plus 9 repeaters) (2007)
 * Televisions: 500,000 (2006)

Periodicals
According to government figures, in 2003 Nepal had 3,741 registered newspapers of which 251 were published daily. Government-owned Gorkhapatra (Gorkha Journal) had the highest daily circulation at around 75,000. Most registered newspapers were published either weekly (1,304) or monthly (1,122). Most vernacular news media are regarded as having little credibility as a result of affiliations with political parties.

 * English language newspapers are My Republica, The Kathmandu Post, The Himalayan Times, and The Rising Nepal.
 * Magazines and periodicals - 295

Online
Some domestic providers are able to top the list of most visited news sites in Nepal. Common national and regional web news portals of Nepal include, Janacharcha.com, CDG Nepal, Setopati, Online Khabar,TechPana, Image Khabar, Nepal khabar, eKantipur, Presschitra, The Nepal Times, NepMag, Nepal Live and web portals from print media. The Kathmandu Post and its affiliated eKantipur, The Himalayan Times and República, Newshousenepal.com Nepal Live Today, among others, publish their online versions in English.

title: Mass media in Nepal


text: User talk:66.214.4.27

title: User talk:66.214.4.27


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Jozef Tomko

Jozef Tomko (11 March 1924 – 8 August 2022) was a Slovak prelate of the Catholic Church who held positions in the Roman Curia from 1962 until he retired in 2007. He was prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples from 1985 to 2001 and president of the Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses from 2001 to 2007. He was made a cardinal in 1985.

Early life and ordination
Jozef Tomko was born 11 March 1924 in Udavské, near Humenné, in Czechoslovakia (now in the Slovak Republic). In 1943 he entered the Theological Faculty of Bratislava. He was sent to Rome to study at the Pontifical Lateran Athenaeum and Pontifical Gregorian University, where he obtained his doctorates in theology, canon law, and social sciences. Tomko was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop Luigi Traglia on 12 March 1949 in the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran.

Pastoral and academic work
He continued his studies at the Lateran and Gregorian University while doing pastoral work in Rome and Porto e Santa Rufina until 1979. From 1950 to 1965, he served as vice-rector and later rector of the Pontifical Nepomucenum College. He taught at the International University Pro Deo from 1955 to 1956 as well. During this period, Tomko was actively involved in establishment of the Slovak Institute of Saints Cyril and Methodius in Rome. He visited the Slovak communities in the United States, Canada, and various European countries several times. Tomko for decades regularly addressed Slovak Catholics on Vatican Radio and also on Catholic TV Lux.

Roman Curia
Tomko was raised to the rank of Privy Chamberlain supernumerary on 5 December 1959, and entered the service of the Roman Curia in 1962, as an adjunct in the Book Censorship Section of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF). In reference to the more lenient measures taken against dissident theologians, he once remarked, "The electric chair and gas chamber are no more". During the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) he worked as a consultant for the CDF and later became a member of the Pontifical Commission for the Family. Tomko became an Honorary Prelate of His Holiness on 17 June 1970. He was named Undersecretary of the Congregation for Bishops in 1974. He was a visiting professor at the Gregorian University from 1970 to 1977.

Bishop
On 12 July 1979, Tomko was appointed Secretary General of the World Synod of Bishops and Titular Archbishop of Doclea by Pope John Paul II. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 15 September from John Paul. On 18 October 1979 he became a member of the Pontifical Commission for the interpretation of the decrees of the Second Vatican Council. Tomko was named Pro-Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples on 24 April 1985 and Chancellor of the Pontifical Urbaniana University.

Cardinal
John Paul II created him Cardinal-Deacon of Gesù Buon Pastore alla Montagnola in the consistory of 25 May 1985. He was then named prefect of his congregation. During his tenure, he became a close confidant of Pope John Paul, and served as a special papal envoy to several religious celebrations. He was named a member of the Presynodal Council for Special Synod of Asian Bishops in September 1995. After ten years as a cardinal deacon, he opted for order of Cardinal Priests and assumed the titular church of S. Sabina on 29 January 1996.

Eucharistic congresses
Tomko was appointed President of the Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses on 23 October 2001. In this post, he presided over the Holy See's delegation to the Interreligious Congress in Astana, Kazakhstan, from 23 to 24 September 2003. As papal legate he chaired the 48th International Eucharistic Congress in Guadalajara, Mexico, in October 2004.

Upon the death of John Paul II on 2 April 2005, Tomko and all major Vatican officials automatically lost their positions. He was confirmed as president of International Eucharistic Congresses by Pope Benedict XVI on 21 April. Tomko retired as president on 1 October 2007.

Later work
Pope Benedict XVI established a Commission of Cardinals to investigate leaks of reserved and confidential documents on television, in newspapers, and in other communications media. It first met on 24 April 2012. Cardinal Herranz served as the chair and the other members were Cardinals Tomko and Salvatore De Giorgi.

At the papal inauguration of Pope Francis on 19 March 2013, Tomko was one of the six cardinals who made the public act of obedience on behalf of the College of Cardinals to the new pope.

In February 2015 he attended the consistory of cardinals on issues of reform of the Roman Curia.

Tomko became the oldest living member of the College of Cardinals upon the death of Cardinal Albert Vanhoye on 29 July 2021.

Tomko died in Rome on 8 August 2022 at the age of 98. He had recently suffered a spinal injury, and was further weakened from COVID-19 complications. On 16 August 2022, he was buried, per his wishes, in the Cathedral of St. Elisabeth of Hungary in Košice.

Selected works

 * Light of Nations (Rome 1972)
 * On Missionary Roads, 2007, ISBN 978-1586171650

Honours

 * Grand-Croix de l'Ordre de la Couronne de Chene (Luxembourg 1988)
 * Grand Cross (or 1st Class) of the Order of the White Double Cross (1995)
 * Grand Cruz de la Orden del Libertador San Martín, Argentina (Buenos Aires 1999).
 * The Catholic University of Ruzomberok awarded Cardinal Tomko the honorary title of Doctor Honoris Causa on 26 April 2006.
 * Honorary doctorate awarded by the Faculty of Medicine of Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice for contribution to the development of culture, education and humanity in Slovakia, (11 December 2001)
 * The Golden Plaque of the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Slovak Republic (2009)

title: Jozef Tomko