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Andrew Divoff

Andrew Daniel Divoff (born July 2, 1955) is an American actor and producer. Divoff has played many villains in film and on television, including drug cartel leaders, terrorists, and organized crime bosses, though he is best known for playing the evil Djinn/Nathaniel Demerest in the first two Wishmaster films. Other noteworthy film and television roles include the villains Luis Cali in Toy Soldiers, Cherry Ganz in Another 48 Hrs., Ernesto Mendoza in A Low Down Dirty Shame, Boris Bazylev in Air Force One, M (Mephistopheles) in Faust: Love of the Damned, Ivan Sarnoff in CSI: Miami, Mikhail Bakunin in Lost, and Karakurt in The Blacklist.

Early life and education
Divoff was born in San Tomé, Anzoátegui, Venezuela. His father was Russian. His parents worked as wildcatters for Exxon, and met because Divoff's maternal grandfather was his father's supervisor. Divoff describes himself as having been an introvert and an outsider during his childhood in Caracas, Venezuela, stating that he had experienced near-daily physical altercations and bullying from other children. Divoff's first language was Spanish, but he learned English while still living in Venezuela.

After Divoff's parents divorced, he emigrated with his sister and mother to northern California when he was 10 years old. Upon moving to the United States, Divoff was supposed to enter the fifth grade, but the school principal held Divoff back because of his heavy accent. Divoff states that this experience was a catalyst for his obsession with languages. When he was in the seventh grade, Divoff's school screened films in class, including Seven Days in May, which Divoff found inspiring. As a result, Divoff began envisioning himself as the hero in such films, and told his friends that he wanted to become an actor who did his own stunts.

Divoff's mother worked for the State Department, and he moved with her when she was transferred to Spain. Divoff lived five years in Vilassar de Mar (Catalonia), between 1973 and 1977, feeling himself to be Catalan too. While in Spain, Divoff tutored English-speaking students in Spanish and attended the University of Barcelona, where he completed a research project on linguistics in The Canterbury Tales. He transferred his credits to Georgetown University, where he continued his study of languages and linguistics, and has resided in the United States ever since. Divoff did not graduate from Georgetown University, instead deciding to take a year off to help his father settle in California for retirement.

Career
After returning to California, Divoff worked as a dispatcher for a limousine company, eventually becoming a limo driver in 1983. During his evenings off, Divoff took acting lessons; his teachers included Milton Katselas, director of Butterflies are Free. His first role was that of a Russian guard for a 1986 episode of Misfits of Science. Divoff won the role via a telephone audition, in which was asked to scream, "Stop that truck!" in Russian and then in English with a Russian accent. His first film role was in the 1986 cult horror film Neon Maniacs, in which he played a demonic surgeon. Divoff had a falling out with the filmmakers due to what he believed constituted animal abuse: real dead pigeons were used in one of the film's scenes. Divoff's subsequent TV appearances in the 1980s included bit parts and work as an extra in The A-Team, The Twilight Zone, MacGyver, Scarecrow and Mrs. King, and Matlock. His multilingual skills and international background helped win him some of these early roles. When auditioning for a guest role as a limo driver for Thirtysomething, Divoff pretended to be a Russian immigrant, and maintained the farce on set until the filming ended, dropping the Russian accent entirely.

His breakthrough role came in 1990, when he was cast as the outlaw biker "Cherry Ganz" in Another 48 Hrs. He was vacationing in Berlin when he received the call that he won the role. He went out to celebrate at a nearby pub and then attended the tearing down of the Berlin Wall, grabbing a sledgehammer and participating in the Wall's destruction. Divoff marks Another 48 Hrs. as the film that allowed him to quit his limo driving job and focus on acting. Following Another 48 Hours, Divoff landed antagonist roles in other significant projects, primarily in the action genre. These projects included Toy Soldiers and A Low Down Dirty Shame. In rare instances, Divoff portrayed the protagonist or hero, such as in Running Cool and Interceptor.

In 1997, Air Force One and Wishmaster were released. In his portrayal of a Russian terrorist henchman in Air Force One, as in other films, Divoff performed his own stunts. Divoff stated in an interview that he has performed his own stunts so frequently that it is often assumed that he used to be a professional stuntman; however, this is not the case. He simply preferred to perform his own stunts because it gave him complete control over every aspect of his characters.

Divoff played the nefarious "Djinn" in the first two films of the Wishmaster series. Wishmaster was directed by special effects artist Robert Kurtzman, and featured cameo appearances by several popular horror actors. Divoff reprised the role as the Djinn in Wishmaster 2: Evil Never Dies, directed by Jack Sholder. In 1999, Divoff and a friend penned a script for a third film, Wishmaster: The Third Millennium, which had a Y2K theme involving "American warship in Asia and it is hit by a missile, and all hell breaks loose. Incidentally, there is a meeting going on at the UN and monsters come to life right there and go through the crowd and start ripping it up." Divoff's script also required lavish special effects, and featured "gargoyles on buildings coming to life and coming down into the street." Divoff's script wasn't optioned, and he ultimately did not return for Wishmaster 3 or Wishmaster 4, saying he believed those projects did not have the capacity for impressive special effects due to a significantly lower budget, and because he felt that these sequels didn't have the love for the franchise of the earlier entries. Divoff later reunited with Robert Kurtzman for the "grindhouse"- inspired horror film The Rage, and has since appeared in several other horror films, including the Midnight Syndicate's indie horror flick The Dead Matter as the lead villain. in The Hatred as a former Nazi, and in the Miles Doleac film Demons as a religious zealot.

Divoff had a recurring role on Lost (Seasons 3 and 6, 2006–07 and 2010 respectively) as Mikhail Bakunin, a Russian member of the Others who lived in the Flame station of the DHARMA Initiative (in the episodes "The Cost of Living", "Enter 77" and "Par Avion") and later appeared, in flashback (in "One of Us"), and then reappeared (in the episodes "D.O.C.", "The Man Behind the Curtain", "Through the Looking Glass", and "The Package").

In 2008–09, on Season 7 of CSI: Miami, Divoff played "Ivan Sarnoff" in four episodes ("Seeing Red", "Target Specific", "And They're Offed", and "Raging Cannibal"). In 2015–16, Divoff had a recurring role as Karakurt in six episodes of Season 3 of The Blacklist (episodes "The Djinn", "Sir Crispin Crandall", "Zal Bin Hasaan", "Kings of the Highway", "The Director", and "The Director: Conclusion"). Other television guest appearances include roles on The A-Team, JAG, Highlander: The Series, Walker, Texas Ranger, Criminal Minds, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, Burn Notice, Alias, Nikita, The Strain, and Colony.

Business ventures and philanthropy
Divoff has pursued a number of other business ventures in addition to professional acting, and uses many of these businesses as a springboard for philanthropic and environmentalist efforts. In the early 1990s, he was a co-owner of the blues bar and restaurant Sunset Social Club.

Divoff is passionate about environmental issues and water rights, and believes that the best form of activism is simply to help people in need. Several years after his move from actor William Boyd's former home in Hollywood to the Lake Arrowhead region of the San Bernardino Mountains in 1992, Divoff formed a logging crew during a time when he described acting opportunities as scarce. Divoff and his crew focused on removing trees that were dead or dying due to a pine beetle infestation. Divoff later became a partner in Verdant Resource and in Alpine Village Water Company that serves a nearby mountain community. Verdant Resource holds a patent for a wind-powered water pump. With the help of a government grant, Divoff and the other partners at the water company provided running water to a small community using Verdant's pump technology.

In 2014, Divoff developed his own craft beer, the Djinn's Hellabrew, which he has sold to benefit charities, including Smile Train, Operation Provider, and the Hollywood Police Activities League. In 2017, Divoff formed his own brewing company, Three Marm Brewing, a "marm" being the part of a tree trunk that forks into two or more trunks. The partners of Three Marm Brewing are predominantly members of Divoff's former logging crew. Divoff and his partners are planning to open a taproom in Crestline, California, and have other new beer flavors in development, including the Logger Lager and Mystic Mast Stout.

Personal life
Divoff can speak eight languages: English, Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, French, Italian, German, and Russian. At one time he also knew Romanian, but forgot it through lack of use. Divoff's multilingual skills are showcased in many of his film and television roles.

title: Andrew Divoff


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Wikipedia:WikiProject Malawi/Malawi Index

This page list topics related to Malawi.

A
Aaron, Malawi - Alick Sambo - Yohanna Barnaba Abdallah - Abrahams Commission - Achikunda - Osman Adam - African Cooperative Society (ACS) - African Lakes Company (ALC) - African Baptist Assembly of Malawi, Inc. - African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME Church) - African National Church - African Protectorate Council of Nyasaland - African Reformed Presbyterian Church - Africanization - Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation (ADMARC) - Agriculture in Malawi - AIDS in Malawi - A L Bruce Estates - Air Malawi - Alliance for Democracy (AFORD) - Augustine Amball - Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1891 - Jane Ansah - Arab War - Arab-Swahili War - Robert Perceval Armitage - Armitage Report - Asian Convention - Askari - Alessandro Assolari - Atonga Tribal Council - Louis Auneau - Aurora -

B
Jacob Bakker - Balaka District - Aleke Kadonomphani Banda - Hastings Kamuzu Banda - John R. Banda - Joyce Banda - Kapichila Banda - Masanya Banda - Mtalika Banda - Richard Banda - Thamar Dillon Thomas Banda - Bandawe - Lewis Matake Bandawe - Sergeant Major Bandawe - Banking in Malawi - A. Francis Baron - Malcolm Paller Barrow - Bemba language - Bemba people - Bembeke - Beningoma - Humphrey F. Bingham - Joseph Bismarck - Black Man's Church of God which is in Tongaland - Michael Hill Blackwood - Blantyre - Blantyre and East Africa Ltd - Blantyre District - Blantyre Mission - Bledisloe Commission - Gaspar Bocarro - Tom Bokwito - Emily Booth (writer) - Joseph Booth (missionary) - Pierre Bourget - Charles Calvert Bowring - Sorabji Boyce - Thomas Branch - British Central Africa Protectorate - British Central African Chamber of Agriculture and Commerce - British Central Africa Company (BCA) - British Central Africa Gazette - British Christian Union - The British Cotton Growing Association (BCGA) - British South Africa Company (BSAC) - Archibald Fenner Brockway - Alexander Livingstone Bruce - Alexander Low Bruce - Bua River - John Buchanan (settler) - Bunda College of Agriculture - Robert Austen Butler - Bwalo la Nyasaland - Edward Chitsulu Bwanali - Augustine Bwanausi - Harry Bwanausi - Operation Bwezani -

C
Cabinet Crisis of 1964 - Cape Maclear - Capricorn Africa Society - Catholic bishop's pastoral letter of 1992 (Living Our Faith) - Roman Catholicism in Malawi - Central African Airways (CAA) - Central African Broadcasting Services (CABS) - Central African Planter - Central African Times - Certificates of Claim - Gwanda Chakuamba - Chancellor College - Changalume - George Chaponda - Lewis Chatsika - Emmie Chanika - Chatsika Report - Chauta - Katumbi Chawinga - Duncan Chawinga - Lyoond Chakakala Chaziya Phiri - Langdon Cheek - Chewa language - Chewa people - Mackinley Qabaniso Yesaya Chibambo - Rose Chibambo - Samuel Songelwayo Chibambo - Yesaya Mlonyeni Chibambo - Simon Chidawati - Chidyawonga - Richard Beston Chidzanja-Nkhoma - Chiefs Union; Nyasaland Chiefs Union - Chakufwa Chihana - Dunstan W. Chijozi - Chikanga - Chikang'ombe - Chikulamayembe - Chikumbu - Chikunda - John Chikwakwa - Chikwakwa - Chikwawa District - Child Spacing Program - Ida Chilembwe - John Chilembwe - Chilembwe's motivation - Chilembwe uprising - Alifeyo Chilibvumbo - Chilobwe - Chilobwe murders - Chilumba - James Chimera - Mathias Chimbole - Steve Chimombo - Fred Chimtali - Chinde - Chindio - C. M. Chinkondenji - Chintheche - Charles Chidongo Chinula - Filipo Chinyama - James Ralph Nthinda Chinyama - James Chiona - Peter Chiona - Chipata Mountain - Chipatula - Henry Masauko Blasius Chipembere - Catherine Chipembere - Canon Chipembere - Henry Chipembere - Chiperoni - O'Brien Mapopa Chipeta - Chipoka - A. W. Chipungu - Chiradzulu - Chiradzulu District - Chiradzulu Mountain - Chiradzulu Native Association - Chirimba - Andrew Chirnside - Chiromo - Eliot Musokwa Kamwana Chirwa - Jonathan Chirwa - Orton Chirwa - Robson Watayachanga Chirwa - Vera Chirwa - Wellington Manoah Chirwa - Yuraiah Chatonda Chirwa - Dunduzu Chisiza - Dunduzu Chisiza, Jr. - Yatuta Chisiza - Joaquim Chissano - Chisumphi - Mungo Murray Chisuse - Edda Chitalo - Chitenje - Chitimba - Chitipa - Chitipa District - Cornelio Chitsulo - Chitukuko Cha Amai mu Malawi (CCAM) - Kanyama Chiume - Chiwoda - Dr Chiwoza Bandawe - Collins Chizumila - Chizumulu - Willie Chokani - Cholera in Malawi - Christian Council of Malawi - Christian Hospital Association of Malawi (CHAMA) - Christian Service Committee of the Churches in Malawi (CSC) - Chulu - Chuma - Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (CCAP) - Walter Cockerill - Coffee in Malawi - Geoffrey Francis Taylor Colby - Colonial Development Corporation (CDC) - Colonial Development and Welfare Act - Colonial Development and Welfare Fund - Colonial governors of British Central Africa - Colonial governors of Nyasaland - Thomas Colvin - Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) - Commonwealth Development Corporation - Communications in Malawi - Ignaco Conforzi - Congress for the Second Republic - Congress Liberation Party (CPL) - Consol Homes Orphan Care - Convention of Associations - Cooperatives in Malawi - Cotton in Malawi - David Kerr Cross - Cuisine of Malawi - Culture of Malawi - Currency of Malawi -

D
Ann Daoma - Pranlal Dayaram - Dedza District - Emma B. Delany - Wadson Bini Deleza - Malawi Democratic Party; Malawi Democrat - Demographics of Malawi - Devlin Commission - Dowa District - M. G. Dharap - Districts of Malawi - Joseph Dupont - Dutch Reformed Church of South Africa Mission (DRC) - Dwangwa River -

E
Economy of Malawi - Edingeni - Education in Malawi - Ekwendeni - Elections in Malawi - Electricity in Malawi - Electricity Supply Commission of Malawi (ESCOM) - Walter Angus Elmslie - Environment in Malawi - Ethiopianism - Ethnic groups in Malawi - Enoch Evans - Executive Council of the African Union (EXCO) -

F
Peter Fachi - Farmers Marketing Board (FMB) - Federal Broadcasting Corporation (FBC) - Federal Review Conference - Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland - George Stevenson Fiddes - Fishing in Malawi - Flag of Malawi - Football in Malawi - Football Association of Malawi - Charles Worthington Fowden Footman - Foreign aid to Malawi - Foreign relations of Malawi - Forestry in Malawi - Fort Lister - Fort Maguire - Fort Mangoche - Fort Manning - Fort Mlangeni -

G
Aaron Gadama - Geography of Malawi - Kwacha Ghambi - Arthur G. B. Glossop - Inkosi Chitamthumba Gomani I - Inkosi Zintonga Philip Maseko Gomani II - Inkosi Willard Maseko Gomani III - Thomas Gombera - Chilongozi Gondwe - Edward Kayionanga Gondwe - Goodall Edward Gondwe - Kanyoli Gondwe - Masopera Gondwe - Tijepani Dorothy Gondwe - Vincent Horatius Bonar Gondwe - Government of Malawi - Groundnuts in Malawi - Wilfird Gudu - Focus Gwede - John Gwengwe -

H
Aubrey Victor Hall - Samuel Hara - George Dudley Hayes - Health in Malawi - Henry Henderson - Henry Henderson Institute (HHI) - Herbalist Association of Malawi (HAM) - Alexander Hetherwick - Hewe - Hilton Young Commission - History of Malawi - Godfrey Martin Huggins - Human rights in Malawi - R. S. Hynde - Henga Valley -

I
Ilala I - Ilala II - Independent African Churches - Indian Chamber of Commerce - Indirect rule system - Islam in Malawi -

J
Jackson Report - George Jafu - Jalasi - Jorge Jardim - Jeanes Training Centre - Jehovah's Witnesses in Malawi - Gwaza Jere - Chauncy Mopho Jere - Maxon Jere, Ikosi M'mbewala III - Mbalekelwa Chimtunga Jere, Inkosi - Mhlahlo Jere, Inkosi M'mbewala I - Mkhosi Lazalo Jere, Inkosi M'mbewala II - Jere, Inkosi Mtwalo I - Muhabi Amon Jere, Inkosi Mtwalo II - Tifapi Jere, Inkosi Mzukuzuku - Zwangendaba Jere, M'mbewala IV - Matekenya - William Percival Johnson - Harry Johnston - Arthur Creech Jones - Glyn Smallwood Jones - Joyce Banda Foundation - Friday Jumbe -

K
Kabula stores - Kabunduli - Kachamba Brothers Band - Daniel Kachamba - Donald Kachamba - Kachebere - Kachindamoto - Aubrey Kachingwe - Clements Kadalie - David Kaduya - Cecilia Tamanda Kadzamira - Zimani David Kadzamira - Charles Kahumba - Kate Kainja - Sam Kakhobwe - Peter Kaleso - W. F. Patrick Augustine Kalilombe - Kalimbuka - Jato Vincent Musla Kalinga - Kalonga - Kamlepo Kalua - Kaluluma - Samson Kambalu - Kambondoma - William Kamkwamba - Kamenya Brothers - Leonard Mattiya Kamungu - Kamuzu Academy - Kamuzu Central Hospital - Kamuzu College of Nursing - Eliot Kamwana - Mac J. Kamwana - John Kamwendo (the first black African mayor of the city of Blantyre, former GM for Press Corporation Ltd) - Mike Kamwendo - Kandodo - Misanjo Kansilanga - Mathias Kantiki - Adamson Akogo Kanyaya - Kanyenda - Kapalepale - Kaphwiti - Kapoche - Janet Karim - Karonga - Karonga District - Karonga War - Kasisi; Ramakukan - Kasitu Valley Ghee Producers Co-operative Union - Kasungu District - Bridger Katenga - Reid Willie Katenga-Kaunda - Namon Katengeza - Richard Develius Katengeza - Chester Katsonga - Davis Katsonga - David Julizya Kaunda - Kenneth David Kaunda - Wedson Chaluluma Kaunda - Kawinga - Kawomba - Andrew Kayiira - Legson Kayira - Kazwiziwi - David Kerr Cross - Richard Wildman Kettlewell - Melvin Maludi Khanga - Khondowe - Nelson Khonje - Khulubvi - Petro Kilekwa - Kilupula - Kilupula Rice Growers Co-operative Union - David Kimble - King's African Rifles Kinga - Kinyakyusa - John Kirk - Kirk Range - Harold Kittermaster - Kongwe - Kota Kota Rice Growers Co-operative Union (KKRGU) - Kota Kota Rice Trading - William Mtusane Koyi - Joseph Kubwalo - John Gray Kufa - Kinross W. Kulunjiri - Jeff Kaira - Bibi Kuluunda - Clement Kumbikano - Jeremia T. Kumbwenza - Gomile Wilanichilambo Kumtumanji - Sweetman Kumwenda - Stephen Kundecha - Kuntaja - Nophias Dinneck Kwenje - Kyangonde - Kyungu - Jackson S. Kaphuka

L
Labor unions in Malawi - Lacey Commission - Lady Nyassa - Lake Chilwa - Lake Chiuta - Lake Malawi - Languages of Malawi - Last Church of God and His Christ - Lauderdale Estate - Law Society of Malawi - Isa MacDonald Lawrence - League of Malawi Women - Adolphe Lechaptois - Dumbo Lemani - Lengwe National Park - Leprosy Relief Association (LEPRA) - LESOMA (The Socialist League of Malawi) LGBT rights in Malawi (Gay rights) - Libraries in Malawi - Smart Likaya-Mbewe; Kapalepale - Likhubula - Likoma - Likoma District - Likoma Island - Likulezi - Likuni - Lilongwe - Lilongwe District - Lilongwe River - Ken Lipenga - List of cities in Malawi - List of islands of Malawi - List of people on stamps of Malawi - Literature of Malawi - David Livingstone - William Jervis Livingstone - Liwonde - Livinstonia Mission - Livulezi - Lizulu - Lomwe language - Lomwe people - Lomewe Tribal Society - London & Blantyre Supply Company - Peter Long - Aaron Longwe - Bageya Longwe - Janet Longwe - London & Rhodesia Mining Company; Lonrho - Loudon Mission - Lovedale Missionary Institute - Lali Lubani - Lubwa - Luchenza - Frederick Lugard - Mordecai Malani Lungu - MacWilliams Lunguzi -

M
Mabilabo - Roderick Samson Mabomba - Duff Macdonald - Malcolm MacDonald - Samora Machel - Blaze Machila - Machinga District - Charles Frederick Mackenzie - Iain Macleod - Harold Macmillan - Mafinga Mountains - Magomero - Cecil Maguire - Maize in Malawi - Majere-Henga - Makamo Ng'onomo - Makandanji - Makanjila - Makata - Lawrence Makata - James Leanerd Makhumula - Pearson Makhumula-Nkhoma - Makololo - Makololo Chiefs (Malawi) - Abiti Dorothy Makwinja - Alexander Makwinja - Malamulo - Malawi - Malawi Against Polio (MAP) - Malawi Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) - Malawi Chamber of Commerce and Industry - Malawi Congress Party (MCP) - Malawi Council for the Handicapped (MACOHA) - Malawi Democrat - Malawi Democratic Party (MDP) - Malawi Development Corporation (MDC) - Malawi Financial Post - Malawi Freedom Movement (MAFREMO) - Malawi Institute of Management (MIMS) - Malawi Investment Promotion Agency (MIPA) - Malawi National Examinations Board (MANEB) - Malawi Press - Malawi Rifles - Malawi Young Pioneers - Malawian kwacha - Daniel Sharpe Malekebu - Malemia - Justin Malewezi - James Malinki - Kalinde Morrison Malinki - Donald Malota - Edward Boti Manda - Mandala - Mang'anja - Mangochi - Mangochi District - Timom Mangwazu - Hilda Manjamkhosi - Mankhamba - William Manning - Manthimba - Manufacturing in Malawi - Jack Mapanje - John Gray Kufa Mapantha - Chauncy Maples - Marambo - Maravi - Mputa Maseko - Maseko Ngoni - Thomas Mpeni Maseya - Massingire uprising - Gordon Mataka - Matakenya - Matapwiri - Harry Kambwiri Matecheta - Dick Matenje - Graziano Matewere - Charles Matinga - Matundwe Range - Reginald Maudling - William Alexander Maxwell - Mbande Hill - Janet Mbekeani - Wales Nyemba Mbekeani - Maxon Mbendera - Mbombwe - M'bona cult - Mbumba - Mchape - Mchinji - Mchinji District - Kambondoma Mhango - Mkwapatila Mhango - Robert Sambo Mhango - Ian Michael - Michiru Mountain - Migrant labor in Malawi - Mikuyu - Military of Malawi - Mining in Malawi - Missions in Malawi - Misuku Hills - Mitsidi - Mkanda - Donton Mkandawire - Frank Mayinga Mkandawire - Grant Mikeya Mkandawire - Jimmy Billy Mponda Mkandawire - Matupi Mkandawire - Simon Kamkhati Mkandawire - Thandika Mkandawire - Yaphet Mkandawire - Japhet Baminingo Mkandawiri - Andrew Mkochi - Stephen Mkulitchi - Mlanda - Harvey Mlanga - Margaret Jean Nanyoni Mlanga - Peter Mlelemba - Mlonyeni - Mlozi bin Kazbadema - Mlumbe - Mulungu dalitsa Malaŵi - M'mbewela - M'mbewela African Administrative Council - M'mbewela Ngoni - Augustine Mnthambala - Moano - Frederick Moir (African Lakes Corporation) - Monckton Commission - Monkey Bay - Morinda asteroscepa - Kgaleman T. Motsetse - Peter Moxon - Attati Mpakati - Samuel Mpasu - Mpezeni; Ntuto - Mpherembe - Brown James Mpinganjira - Mpingo Wa Afipa - Mponda - Andrew Jonathan Mponda - Jimmy Mkandanwire Mponda - J. Ellerton Mposa - Chimwemwe Mputahelo - Msakambewa - Msimbi - Mordicai Chiwerewere Msisha - Stephen Kauta Msiska - Suzgo Msiska - John Dunstan Msonthi - Anastasia Msosa - Jordan Msumba - Andrew George Nga Mtafu - Brain Mtawali - Ernest M. Mtawali - Mtegha Commission - Charles Mtemanyama - Mekki Mtewa - Effie Fuyiwe Mtika - Mthunthama - Harry Mtuwa - Mtwalo I - Mtwalo II - Mua - Morton Chipimpha Mughogho - Eneah Ferdinand Mulaga - Mulanje - Mulanje District - Mulanje Massif - Mulanje Mountain Forest Reserve - J. V. Mullins - Bakili Muluzi - Levi Zililo Mumba - Martin Machipisa Munthali - Rodwell Watayachanga Munyenyembe - Andrew C. Murray - Music of Malawi - Flax Katoba Musopole - Yoram Musopole - Elias Amin Mussa-Gama - Bingu wa Mutharika - Albert Muwalo - Ernest Alexander Muwamba - Isaac Katongo Muwamba - Jake Muwamba - Yakobi Msusa Muwamba - Mvera - Amon Mwakasungula - Peter Mwangalaba Mwakasungula, Kyungu - Raphael Kapote Mwakasungula - Ndiche Mwalare - Patrick Rutherford Mwamulima - Esau Mwamwaya - Joseph Mwanjasi, Ntemi Kilupula - Mwanza - Mwanza District - Mwanza incident - Nelson Peter Mwanza - George Simeon Mwase - Mwase Kasungu - Yesaya Zerenji Mwasi - Mwavi - Mwaya - Aram Ndolezi Mwenisongole - Mweniwanda - Mwenzo - Mzikubola - Mzimba - Mzimba District - Mzuzu - Mgozga Village -

N
Wenham Nakanga - Namadzi - Albert Namalambe - Nambuma - Namitete - Namiwawa, Blantyre - Alan Namoko - Namwanga - Namwera Planters Association - Joseph Nangalembe - Nankhunda - Napolo - Nasawa - National Archives of Malawi (NAM) - National Consultative Council (NCC) - National Development Council (NDC) - National Library Service (NLS) - National parks in Malawi - National Rural Development Program (NRDP) - National Statistical Office (NSO) - Native Authority (NA) - Native Authority Ordinance, 1933 - Native Courts Ordinance, 1933 - Native Development and Welfare Fund - Natives on Private Estates Ordinance 1928 - Native Tobacco Board (NTB) - Native Trust Land - Nchalo - Silas Ncozana - Ndali - G. E. Ndema - Chiwere Ndhlovu - Ndirande - Raban Pemba Ndovi - Neno District J. R. Ness - Newspapers in Malawi - Ngamwane - Iswani Ben Ngemela - Ngerenge - Ngonde - Ngondoyi - Ngoni - Nguludi - Shadrach Ngunana - John James Ngwiri - Chipatula Nhlane - Daniel Nhlane - Duncan Njilima - Frederick Njilima - Njobvuyalema - Njuli - Njuyu - Nkhamanga - Alick Nkhata - Nkhata Bay - Nkhata Bay District - Nkhoma Mission - Nkhotakota - Nkhotakota District - Nkhotakota Wildlife Reserve - Denis Nkhwazi - Andrew Nkonjera - Nkope Bay - Nkudzi Bay - Nkula - Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula - North Charterland Exploration Company - North Nyasa Native Association - North Nyasa Native Reserves Commission - North Rukuru - North Co-operative Union - Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau - Nsanje - Nsanje District - Nsenga - Nsima - Nsingu - Hetherwick Maurice Ntaba - Ntabeni - Samuel Joseph Ntara - Ntcheu - Ntcheu District - Ntchisi - Ntchisi District - Ntchisi Mountain - Alice Ntholo - Nacho Ntimawanzako - Mapas Ntintili - Ntondeza - John Joseph Nunan - Nyakyusa - Nyambadwe - Peter Nyambo - Nyangu - Nyanja - Nyasa - Nyasa Industrial Mission (NIM) - Nyasaland - Nyasaland African Congress (NAC) - Nyasaland African Protective Association - Nyasaland Black Man's Educational Society - Nyasaland Constitutional Party - Nyasaland Emergency 1959 - Nyasaland Famine 1949 - Nyasaland Indian Association - Nyasaland Indian Traders Association (NITA) - Nyasaland Planters Association - Nyasaland Railway Company - Nyasaland Tea Association (NTA) - Nyasaland Times - Alec Mjuma Nyasulu - George Nyasulu - Paddy Nyasulu - Nyau - Nyiha - Nyika Plateau - Bazaar Nyirenda - Robert Gwebe Nyirenda - Saulos Nyirende - Tomo Nyirende - Samson Mbobe Nyondo - Nzama - Munene Nzima - Matembo Nzunda - Ngoma, Thomas Chikumukumu Okey -

O
Oblates of the Holy Family - Operation Bwezani - Order of the Lion (Malawi) - Ormsby-Gore Commission - Alaudin Osman - Libert Oury - Overtoun Institution -

P
Peter Qeko Jere- Bridglal Pachai - Augusto Paolucci - Paseli brothers - Maxwell Katayeni Pashane - Rolf Patel - Francis Barrow Pearce - People's Democratic Party - Francis Zaccheus Santiago Peregrino - E. C. Peterkins - Tadeus Thomas Phaiya - Phalombe - Phalombe District - Phelps Stokes Commission - Henry Ellis Isidore Phillips - Desmond Dudwa Phiri - Hanock Msokera Phiri - Phoka - Phwezi Education Foundation - Abdul Pilane - Serpa Pinto - Plainfield Industrial Mission - Law enforcement in Malawi - Political dissidents in Malawi - Political parties in Malawi - Woodsworth Poole - Ted Powell (National football coach, 1977–83) - Preferential trade area (PTA) - Prehistory of Malawi - Presidential Committee on Dialogue (PCD) - Press Holdings Ltd - J. Lou Pretorius - Auguste Prezeau - Providence Industrial Mission - Public Affairs Committee (PAC) -

R
Ramakukan - William H. J. Rangeley - Religion in Malawi - Cecil Rhodes - Rhodes-Livingstone Institute - Rhodesia Native Labour Bureau (RNLB) - Rice in Malawi - Edmund Charles Smith Richards - Bryan Clieve Roberts - Rubber in Malawi - Rugaruga - Rumphi - Rumphi District - Rural agricultural projects - Ryall's Hotel -

S
Alberto Sabbatini - Alick Baldwin Sambo - Abdul Sattar Sacrane - Fern Najere Sadyalunda - Salim bin Abdalla - Salima District - George Meredith Sanderson - James Frederick Matewere Sangala - Jonathan Douglas Sangaya - Jan Matthew Schoffeleers - David Clement Ruffelle Scott - Sena - Settlers' and Residents' Association of Nyasaland (SARAN) - Alfred Sharpe - Eugene Sharrer - Shire Highlands - Shire Highlands Hotel - Shire Highlands Planters' Association - Shire Highlands Railway Company - Shire River - Shire Valley - Medson Evans Silombela - Skinner Report - George Smith (Nyasaland) - Mount Soche - Society of Malawi; Nyasaland Society - Sydney Somanje - Songwe River - Soghum in Malawi - Soseya - South Rukuru River - South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic - Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) - Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic - Southworth Commission - Special Branch - St Michael and All Angels Church - Francis Trant Stephens - James Stewart (missionary) - Sugar in Malawi - Sukwa - Supreme Council of Chiefs and Congress - Ishmael Kassim Surtee

T
Tamanda - Taxes in Malawi - Tea in Malawi - John Zenas Ungapake Tembo - Mawelera Tembo - Temporary Employment Bureau of Africa - Temwa - Tengani - Molin Tengani - A. J. Tennant - Thangata - Jean-Baptist Theunissen - Peter Zimema Thole - Thondeza - Thondwe - Frank Oswald Thorne - Geofrey Thorneycroft - Thyolo - Thyolo District - Downs Stainer Theka - W. H. Timke - Tobacco in Malawi - Tobacco Association of Malawi (TAMA) - Tourism in Malawi - William George Tozer - Transportation in Malawi - Traditional Courts in Malawi - Nicholas Trataris - Tumbuka - Tung in Malawi - Hezekeya Mavuvu Tweya - Thumbi FP School

U
Ulambya - Undali - Ungonde - Ungoni - United Democratic Front (UDF) - United Federal Party (UFP) - United Party (UP) - Universities' Mission to Central Africa (UMCA) - University of Malawi - Unyakyusa - Unyiha - Usisya -

V
Hazen Leroy Vail - Leroy Vail - Viphya Forest - Viphya Mountains - Viphya pulpwood scheme - MV Viphya - Vizara - SS Von Wissmann - Eugene Vroemen -

W
Roy W. Wallace - Horace Wallace - George Williams Wauchope - Watchtower movement; Kitawala - Jane Waterston - Roy Welensky - White Fathers - Karl Wiese - William Wigan - Anton Winnen - Witwatersrand Native Labour Association (WNLA) - Women in Malawi -

Y
Yanu Yanu Bus Company - Yao - Nicholas Yiannakis - Peter William Youens - Edward Daniel Young - Hubert Winthrop Young - Thomas Cullen Young - William Paulin Young -

Z
Zambezi Industrial Mission (ZIM) - Zambezian and mopane woodlands - Zambezian flooded grasslands - Fred Zarakuti - Zomba - Zomba District - Zomba Gymkhana Club - Zomba Plateau - Zulu Gama, 19th century Ngoni chief - Zwangendaba, 18th-19th century Ngoni chief -

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Labels are for jars

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 01:19, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Labels are for jars
Small charity organization in Lawrence, MA. Does not appear to be notable. 54 google hits. RadicalSubversiv E 05:26, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, promo. Megan1967 07:10, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as an advertisement for a non-profit organisation.   — J I P | Talk 07:17, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, advertisement.Gorrister 19:11, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: Category:Skull

title: Category:Skull


text:
KSAT-TV

KSAT-TV (channel 12) is a television station in San Antonio, Texas, United States, affiliated with ABC. Owned by Graham Media Group, the station maintains studios on North St. Mary's Street on the northern edge of downtown, and its transmitter is located off Route 181 in northwest Wilson County (northeast of Elmendorf).

KONO-TV
Channel 12 was the last commercial VHF allocation in San Antonio to be awarded. The first applicant for the allocation came in June 1952, from Bexar County Television Corporation, a subsidiary of Alamo Broadcasting Company, owners of radio station KABC. Bexar County Television planned to operate channel 12 as an ABC Television affiliate, owing to the radio station's affiliation with the ABC radio network. Shortly thereafter, Mission Broadcasting Company, owners of KONO radio (860 AM and 92.9 FM), also applied for a channel 12 license. By 1953, both Bexar County Television and Mission Broadcasting proper had dropped out of the running for channel 12. However, two new applicants filed applications: Sunshine Broadcasting Company, then-owners of KTSA radio, and Mission Telecasting Company. Mission was majority (50%) owned by Eugene J. Roth, principal owner of Mission Broadcasting Company, with the other half of the company split among seven individuals.

Sunshine would later withdraw its application, although another player would throw their hat into the ring in January 1954: the Walmac Corporation, owners of KMAC radio. In an attempt to avoid long, drawn-out hearings for a license, Walmac and Mission met in May 1954 to work out an agreement between the two parties. On March 12, 1956, the FCC heard final oral arguments between Walmac and Mission, with an FCC examiner having already favored Mission's application the previous year. In May 1956, the FCC granted a license to Mission and denied Walmac's bid. Mission officials proceeded to construct a new, 16,000 sqft studio building and 574 ft tower on North St. Mary's Street, adjacent to the studios for KONO radio.

Originally targeting a sign on date of December 1, 1956, the station would not begin regular testing until the evening of January 14, 1957. Assistant station manager Jack Roth noted that viewers from as far as Corpus Christi, Austin, Kerrville, Boerne, and Camp Wood were all receiving the test pattern. The station finally came on the air for good on January 21, 1957, as KONO-TV, becoming San Antonio's fourth television station and the third to broadcast in English. The station took its call letters from its partially co-owned sister radio stations. Channel 12 has been a full-time ABC affiliate since its debut, more or less by default. The first program broadcast by KONO-TV was the inauguration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower beginning at 10 a.m. that morning.

Mission announced on July 31, 1967, that it had sold channel 12 to Providence, Rhode Island–based The Outlet Company for $10.5 million. Eugene Roth, Mission chairman, said that the reason he decided to sell the station was because of the increasing costs needed to keep pace with the rapidly growing television industry.

KSAT-TV
Outlet took control of the station in January 1968 and announced that the call letters would be changing to the present KSAT-TV on February 1. The change was necessitated by an FCC regulation at the time in which stations that were not co-owned could not share the same base call sign.

Outlet was taken private in 1986 and the company's new owners sold KSAT to H&C Communications. KSAT nearly lost its ABC affiliation to KENS in 1990. In July of that year, management at KENS were in discussions about switching their station to ABC. KENS management cited that the poor performance of CBS programming would jeopardize the station's overall dominance in the San Antonio market. However, after negotiations did not go anywhere, both KENS and KSAT signed new affiliation agreements with CBS and ABC respectively in August.

KSAT was nearly sold to Young Broadcasting in 1992, but the sale was cancelled due to Young's failure to obtain financing. On April 22, 1994, H&C sold KSAT and Houston sister station KPRC-TV to The Washington Post Company (now Graham Holdings Company), which placed the two stations within its Post-Newsweek Stations subsidiary.

In the early 2000s, Post-Newsweek adopted a unified "Local" brand for most of its television stations. KSAT briefly rebranded as "Local 12" in 2004, before reverting to the station's previous branding of "KSAT 12" (the call letters are pronounced syllabically as "K-Sat"). Although the station does not follow this brand standardization, the "Local" wording is periodically visible in the logo bug seen during the station's newscasts, which cycle between both brands (mimicking a similar behavior used by sister stations KPRC-TV and WDIV-TV in Detroit, whose logo bugs cycle between the station's call letters and channel number and their respective on-air brands "Local 2" or "Local 4").

In March 2014, KSAT relocated from its longtime St. Mary's Street studios to a new, state-of-the-art two-story facility that was built in an area that was formerly part of the station's parking lot. The building houses a large newsroom, numerous offices and meeting spaces, a convenience store-style breakroom for staff and a courtyard with outdoor seating as well as a grill and garden area. Demolition began on the former KSAT studio building shortly after the station relocated; by May 2014, that space will be transformed into a new parking lot for station employees and news vehicles.

Newscasts
KSAT-TV presently broadcasts 43 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with seven hours each weekday, $4 1/2$ hours on Saturdays and $3 1/2$ hours on Sundays).

In 2002, weeknight co-anchor Leslie Mouton was diagnosed with breast cancer; Mouton courageously decided to anchor the evening newscasts without a wig while she was undergoing chemotherapy treatments that resulted in her going bald. Mouton chronicled her treatment and recovery on KSAT, earning accolades from local oncologists and cancer patients. Mouton recounted her battle with the disease in a 2004 interview on The Oprah Winfrey Show (which aired on KSAT at the time), which included clips of Mouton's first anchoring appearance after she lost her hair, including the explanation she gave on-air of what she was going through at the time.

On February 5, 2009, KSAT became the second television station in the San Antonio market to begin broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition. prior to the upgrade, only in-studio cameras recorded in HD, with video downconverted to widescreen standard definition; certain field cameras and other station camera feeds are in standard definition and upconverted to a 16:9 widescreen format in the control room, as some field reports still remain in upconverted 16:9 standard definition.

On May 26, 2011, KSAT debuted a half-hour late afternoon newscast at 4 p.m., titled First News At Four; the program (along with its lead-out Inside Edition) replaced The Oprah Winfrey Show, which ended its syndication run on May 25, 2011. First News At Four ended its run on September 5, 2014.

On September 12, 2011, in a move announced in May 2011, KSAT-TV became the first station in San Antonio to expand its 10 p.m. newscast to one hour; as a result, it is one of the few television stations affiliated with the Big Three networks that airs an hour-long late evening newscast. Also coinciding with the expanded newscast, Inside Edition was reduced from two daily airings to one, as the newscast took over that timeslot; Nightline remained in its timeslot at 11:05 (later occupied by Jimmy Kimmel Live! at 11:05 p.m. and Nightline at 12:05 a.m.). However, ABC's newest affiliation contract has required all its affiliates to carry Kimmel as scheduled at 10:35 p.m., and KSAT, along with several other ABC affiliates carrying extended newscasts, reduced their late newscasts to the traditional 35 minutes at the start of 2019.

In March 2012, KSAT expanded its weekday morning newscast Good Morning San Antonio to $2 1/2$ hours, becoming the third station (behind WOAI and later KENS) to expand its morning newscast to the 4:30 a.m. timeslot. That month, the station also added Saturday and Sunday editions of Good Morning San Antonio, in the form of one-hour blocks (with the second half of the Saturday edition running two hours) surrounding the weekend editions of Good Morning America.

In February 2017, KSAT announced the launch of a new hour of programming in the 9 a.m. block, Good Morning San Antonio at 9. In September 2018, the station launched a 9 p.m. newscast, though unusually, the program is exclusive to the station's app on the three major digital media player platforms.

Death of Michelle Lima
Tragedy struck the station on March 26, 1999, when anchor/reporter and rising star Michelle Lima was killed while reporting live during a newscast from the scene of a search for a 9-year-old boy. As she was helping pack up for a future assignment, Lima was hit by a truck on a dark rural frontage road in southern Bexar County. Lima was airlifted to a local hospital where she was pronounced dead two days later. She was 30 years old.

Sports programming
KSAT airs select San Antonio Spurs games through the network's contract with the NBA; the station aired four of the team's five NBA Finals victories in 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2014, as well as the team's 2013 NBA Finals appearance.

Local programming
KSAT produces a one-hour lifestyle and variety show, SA Live, weekdays at 1 p.m. In addition, the station produces the hour-long sports highlight and discussion program Instant Replay, which airs Sundays at 11 p.m.

In popular culture
The 2000 comedy film Miss Congeniality, which was set around a beauty pageant being held in San Antonio, used KSAT live trucks and microphones with the station's mic flags in a fictional sense; though none of KSAT's actual staff appeared during the film, instead using actors playing a KSAT reporter and a news photographer in a scene in which the film's lead character, FBI agent Gracie Hart (played by Sandra Bullock), is interviewed at The Alamo.

Subchannels
The station's ATSC 1.0 channels are carried on the multiplexed signals of other San Antonio television stations:

Analog-to-digital conversion
KSAT-TV discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over VHF channel 12, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 48 to VHF channel 12 for post-transition operations.

ATSC 3.0 lighthouse service
On May 6, 2024, KSAT-TV converted from an ATSC 1.0 signal to ATSC 3.0 (NextGen TV) broadcasting. The station's ATSC 1.0 subchannels were moved to other broadcasters for simulcasting, while KSAT-TV became the "lighthouse" host for the ATSC 3.0 transmission of KENS, KLRN, KSAT-TV, KWEX-DT and KVDA.

{{legend|#ffe8d0|Subchannel broadcast with digital rights management}}

title: KSAT-TV


text: User talk:68.18.252.76

title: User talk:68.18.252.76


text:
Asterix and the Banquet

Asterix and the Banquet (Le Tour de Gaule d'Astérix, "Asterix's Tour of Gaul") is the fifth volume of the Asterix comic book series, by René Goscinny (stories) and Albert Uderzo (illustrations). It was first serialized in Pilote magazine, issues 172–213, in 1963.

Plot
Inspector General Overanxius arrives in the fortified Roman camp of Compendium on a mission from Julius Caesar to lead the local garrison against the village of indomitable Gauls. Centurion Lotuseatus warns him the Gauls are dangerous, but the attack goes ahead, only to be soundly repelled. Undeterred, Overanxius erects a stockade around the village to prevent the inhabitants from spreading their rebellious ideas through Gaul.

Asterix bets that he and Obelix will escape the village and go on a tour of Gaul, collecting regional culinary specialties for a banquet upon their return. Overanxius promises to raise the stockade if they succeed. Asterix maps out a route, while Obelix fetches a large bag to hold their shopping. The two break through the stockade, while the other villagers create a diversion by attacking the barricade on another front. Overanxius has a rider despatched to alert the entire occupation army to be on the lookout for the pair.

Rotomagus (Rouen): Asterix and Obelix make their way to the Normandy region, where a Roman patrol recognizes them. They flee and escape via a wealthy Roman couple's yacht up the Seine, while the patrol is stymied by the unhelpfully vague responses of local residents.

Lutetia (Paris): Upon arrival, Asterix and Obelix negotiate the traffic jams and buy a ham from a pork butcher shop, where from this point on, Dogmatix (unnamed until the next adventure) follows the duo through Gaul. Fearing detection by a Roman patrol, they purchase a gleaming used chariot and handsome horse from a dishonest salesman to make their escape. They soon discover the horse is slow and was only painted black, while the chariot loses its lustre and a wheel. The duo gets back on track by knocking out the driver of a Roman breakdown chariot and stealing his vehicle.

Camaracum (Cambrai): The Gauls stop in a humbug shop to buy boiled sweets, but are spotted by a Roman patrol, which they beat up, trashing the shop in the process. Unfazed by the damage, the shopkeeper says that all Gauls are aware of the bet and then demonstrates his solidarity by knocking out the patrol leader. Back on the road, Asterix and Obelix get past another patrol by posing as breakdown men, towing a legionary, Spongefingus, in his damaged chariot, only to then cast him aside on the road.

Durocortorum (Reims): Asterix and Obelix abandon the breakdown chariot and buy some wines. They are found by Spongefingus, who has recovered from his "accident," but Asterix knocks him down by using a cork exploding from an amphora.

Divodurum (Metz): Leaving Rheims, the pair detours into a forest, where the scent of roast boar leads them to the house of Unpatriotix, who feeds and then betrays them. Roman soldiers come to the house but capture only Asterix, as Obelix is out hunting boar. When Obelix discovers the ruse, he knocks out a legionary to get imprisoned too and rescues Asterix. After beating up the Romans at the prison, Asterix declares it is too late to buy any of Divodurum's specialties and decides to buy some in Lugdunum. As they leave, the Gauls commandeer a Roman postal cart.

Lugdunum (Lyon): The two Gauls abandon the postal cart and, after crashing through a Roman blockade, meet Jellibabix, head of the resistance movement. He pretends to betray the Gauls to Prefect Poisonous Fungus, but lures the Romans into a maze of back alleys, where the legionaries become hopelessly lost (the prefect's plan to leave behind a trail of pebbles to find his way out backfires when a legionary picks up the pebbles). Jellibabix gives the duo a parcel of sausages and meatballs, and arranges a chariot for them.

Nicae (Nice): En route to Nicae, Asterix and Obelix become stuck in holiday traffic bound for the Gaulish Riviera and stop at an inn for lunch. In Nicae, they buy salad and are once again spotted by a Roman patrol. They escape by sea and commandeer a vacationing Lutetian's rowboat.

Massilia (Marseille): The Gauls stop at Cesar Drinklikafix's inn where, aside from having goat's milk and boar, they buy fish stew. Again, the pair makes a premature departure when a boy warns of approaching Romans, but Drinklikafix and his friends stall the soldiers by blocking the road with a game of pétanque.

Tolosa (Toulouse): En route to Tolosa, Asterix and Obelix stop for the night, unaware they are in a Roman camp. Next morning, they beat up the Romans, but then surrender after learning the centurion intended to take them to Tolosa by cart. The Gauls are chained up, but repeatedly break their chains, much to the blacksmith's dismay. Out on the road, the centurion rides on ahead to bring over the prefect, but in his absence, Asterix and Obelix beat up the Romans again, make off with the cart, and buy sausages in Tolosa.

Aginum (Agen): The Romans announce a 50,000 sestertii reward for information leading to the arrest of Asterix and Obelix. An unscrupulous innkeeper, Uptotrix, invites the two Gauls to his inn, where he gives them a bag of prunes and serves them drugged boar. Suspecting betrayal, Asterix orders Uptotrix to taste the boar, which causes him to fall unconscious, although Obelix is unaffected despite eating the rest of the boar. The pair leaves the cart in Aginum and takes the horses, one of which collapses under the combined weight of Obelix and the shopping bag.

Burdigala (Bordeaux): En route, the Gauls rest for the night by a roadside, where their bag is stolen by two Roman highwaymen, Villanus and Unscrupulus. The next morning, Asterix and Obelix pursue the thieves, who are caught by a Roman patrol and mistaken them for the Gauls. In the town square of Burdigala, General Motus shows the "Gaulish outlaws" to the public, only to realize he has the wrong men when Asterix and Obelix arrive to reclaim their bag. The public attacks General Motus and his men while the heroes regain their bag and buy oysters and white wine.

Gesocribatum (Le Conquet): Before leaving Burdigala, Asterix and Obelix spy a ship offloading menhirs and meet Captain Seniorservix, who is honored to let them aboard, and Obelix helps unload the menhirs before the ship's departure. At sea, the ship runs into the pirates, whose own ship is sunk by the Gauls. On arrival in Gesocribatum, Seniorservix smuggles the Gauls ashore in sacks. Asterix and Obelix get out just when a Roman patrol is passing by, but they beat up the Romans and escape.

Eventually, Asterix and Obelix reach the stockade outside their village and, after beating up the Romans yet again, give them a message to tell Overanxius they have won their side of the bet. That night, Asterix shows the food and wine to Overanxius and Lotuseatus, before demonstrating the village's specialty, 'the uppercut', which knocks out Overanxius. Moments before the punch, Dogmatix barks for the first time, making Obelix notice him. Dogmatix is given a bone and the villagers enjoy their banquet.

List of items

 * Lutetia (Paris): ham
 * Camaracum (Cambrai): humbugs (in the English translation; in the original a similar sweet called "Bêtises de Cambrai")
 * Durocortorum (Reims): Champagne (not named as such)
 * Lugdunum (Lyon): sausages and quenelles
 * Nicæ (Nice): Niçoise salad (named "Nicæoise" salad)
 * Massilia (Marseille) fish stew (i.e. bouillabaisse)
 * Tolosa (Toulouse): sausages
 * Aginum (Agen): prunes
 * Burdigala (Bordeaux): oysters and white wine

Cultural references

 * The idea of the story (and its French title) was inspired by the Tour de France bicycle race. The sack carried by Obelix reflects the race leader's jersey colour (yellow –with a patch for the number).
 * The Latin phrase "Exegi monumentum aere perennius" is uttered by a legionnaire during the construction of a wall (page 7). This is a reference to the same quote made by the Roman poet Horace. Translated, it means: "I have erected a monument more lasting than bronze."
 * Fun is poked at various French regional stereotypes:
 * The inhabitants of Normandy are shown as being unable to give a direct answer.
 * The traffic jams in Paris (Lutetia in the comic strip) are spoofed.
 * The phrase: "Je vous promets qu'on n'a pas fini d'en parler de l'affaire du courrier de Lugdunum!" is a reference to the trial "Le courrier de Lyon", where an innocent man was executed for the robbery of a mail coach and the murder of its occupants in 1796.
 * The inhabitants of Lutetia (Paris) are shown going to Nicæ (Nice) for their summer holiday. (Obelix refers to Nicae as the "Gaulish Riviera".) Like modern Parisian travelers, the visitors from Lutetia cause huge traffic jams with their carts on the road into Nicæ, and huge crowds on the beach.
 * The inhabitants of Massilia (Marseille) are hot-blooded and shown to exaggerate enormously.
 * The maze of back alleys in Lugdunum is a reference to the traboules of Lyon and the role they played during the French Resistance.
 * The idea of using pebbles to find one's way back is a reference to Hansel and Gretel or the French fairy tale Hop o' My Thumb. However a 'helpful' Roman Soldier picks up the pebbles for the Roman Official, trapping him in the maze also.
 * The scenes in the tavern in Massilia on page 36 are references to the films Marius (1931), Fanny (1932) and César (1936) by Marcel Pagnol, all of which are set in Marseille. The characters are caricatures of the actors in the films, including Raimu. . The card game scene is a reference to "Marius" and the pétanque scene to "Fanny". Reacting to this affectionate parody, Pagnol said, "Now I know that my work will be immortal...because it's appeared in Astérix!"
 * After Asterix and Obelix sink the pirates' ship, Pegleg quotes Lucan in The Pharsalia: "Victrix causa diis placuit, sed victa catoni." ("The victorious cause was pleasing to the gods, but the lost cause was pleasing to Cato.")
 * This story could be the earliest appearances of the Belgians in the series, because during that time, Gaulish inhabitants in Rotomagus (Veliocasses), Camaracaum (Nervii) Durocortorum (Remi), and Divodurum (Mediomatrici) were considered to be part of Belgic tribes. Which makes the humbug shopkeeper in Camaracum was in the same tribe as Beefix (a Belgian chief who appeared in Asterix in Belgium).

Reception
On Goodreads, the book has a score of 4.14 out of 5.

authors: Я сошла с ума

title: Asterix and the Banquet


text:
Episcopal sandals

Episcopal sandals, also known as pontifical sandals, are a Catholic pontifical vestment worn by bishops when celebrating liturgical functions according to the pre–Vatican II rubrics, for example a Tridentine Solemn Pontifical Mass.

In shape, episcopal sandals are more like loafers than sandals. Liturgical stockings (caligae) are worn under the episcopal sandals and cover the ankle. The sandals and stockings usually match the liturgical color of the Mass. However, when black vestments are worn, pontifical footwear is not used.

After the Second Vatican Council, the episcopal sandals fell out of common use and are not mentioned in the rubrics of the post-Vatican II Mass. They are primarily seen in the most solemn form of Tridentine Mass.

Episcopal sandals should not be confused with the velvet papal shoes, which Pope Benedict XVI reassumed. These evolved as the outdoor counterpart of the papal slippers, which are similar to the episcopal sandals, but are worn by the Pope outside liturgical functions and are always red.

Form and use
Unlike the ancient sandals, which consisted merely of soles fastened to the foot by straps, episcopal sandals are in the form of low shoes, and resemble slippers. The sole is of leather; the upper part, generally ornamented with embroidery, is made of silk or velvet. No cross is required upon the sandals; at Rome this is an exclusively papal privilege. The privilege of wearing the sandals and caligæ (liturgical stockings) belongs only to bishops. They may be worn by abbots and other prelates only by special privilege from the pope and only so far as this privilege grants. Pontifical footwear is used only at Tridentine Pontifical Solemn Mass and at functions performed during the same, such as ordination, but not on other occasions, as, for example, Confirmation, Solemn Vespers, etc. It is therefore in the most exact sense of the word a vestment worn during the Mass. The liturgical color for the day decides the colour of the sandals and stockings; there are, however, no black stockings or sandals, as the bishop does not make use of either of these pontifical footwear at Requiem Masses.

The style of decoration on the episcopal sandals depended upon the rank of the prelate:
 * Cardinals, Bishops and Protonotaries "de numero participantium" used sandals with gold galloons and embroidery;
 * Protonotaries "suprannumerarii" used sandals with gold galloons without embroidery;
 * Protonotaries "ad instar participantium" used sandals with yellow galloons without embroidery.

Sandals and stockings were customary in the Latin Church, as well as in some Oriental (Orthodox) churches. For example, in the Syro-Malankara and Syriac Churches, priests do not wear leather or animal products in the altar, they wear the msone.

Development of shape
The sandals retained substantially their original form until the 10th century. Then straps were replaced by three or five tongues reaching to the ankle, extensions of the upper leather upon the point of the foot, and these were fastened at ankle by means of a string. In the 12th century these tongues were gradually shortened; in the 13th century, the sandal was a regular shoe with a slit above the foot or on the side to make the putting-on easier. In the 16th century there was a return to the earlier form of the sandal; instead of a high shoe it now became once more a low foot-covering, like a slipper, a form which it has retained until the present time. The material of which the pontifical sandals are made was, until the 13th century, exclusively leather, at times covered with silk. Since the later Middle Ages, the upper part of the sandals has been made, not of leather, but of silk, velvet, etc. It is not until about 1400, with the exception of entirely isolated earlier examples, that a cross is to be found upon the sandals. The fork-shaped decoration, frequently found on pontifical shoes, especially on those of the 13th century, was not a cross, but merely an ornament.

History
Sandals and stockings belong to the liturgical vestments supported by the evidence from the 5th and 6th centuries. Originally the sandals were called campagi and the stockings udones. The shoes were given the name 'sandalia' probably during the eighth to the 9th century, and this name was first applied to them in the North; the designation 'caligæ' for udones came into use in the 10th century, also in the North. The original form and material of the campagi was slippers that covered only the tip of the foot and the heel, and were likely fastened to the foot by straps. This slipper was made of black leather. The stockings were, very likely, made of linen, and were white in colour. In the earliest period the campagi and udones were by no means exclusively an episcopal vestment, as they were worn by deacons. This foot-covering was not reserved exclusively for the clergy, as they were worn as a mark of distinction by certain persons of rank, and were probably copied from the buskins of the ancient senators. Their use gradually became customary among the higher clergy, especially when these appeared in their full official capacity for the celebration of the Liturgy. During the eighth and ninth centuries also the Roman subdeacons and acolytes wore a distinctive foot-wear, the subtalares, which, however, were simpler than the campagi, and had no straps. The sandals and stockings became a specifically episcopal vestment about the 10th century. Apparently as early as the 12th century, or at least in the second half of the 13th century, they were no longer worn even by the cardinal deacons of Rome. The privilege of wearing the sandals and caligæ was first granted to an abbot in 757 by Pope Stephen III. This is, however, an isolated case, as it was only after the last quarter of the 10th century, and especially after the 12th century that it became customary to grant abbots this privilege. The episcopal sandals are no longer normally seen in the Catholic Church, except for those liturgical ceremonies celebrated according to pre-Vatican II rubrics.

Pontifical buskins
The pontifical buskins, or liturgical stockings, also known as the caligæ, are the stockings worn by bishops over the regular stockings but under the episcopal sandals. They match the liturgical color of the Mass, except when the color is black. The stockings, which are of silk, are either knitted or are made by sewing together pieces of silk fabric that have been cut a suitable shape.

The caligæ seem to have experienced no particular development. In the later Middle Ages they were, as a rule, made of silk. The earliest enforcement in respect to caligæ of the regulations for liturgical colors seems to have been at Rome, but even here probably not until the 14th century. Like the episcopal sandals, the use of the liturgical stockings is primarily confined to the pre-Vatican II Tridentine Mass.

title: Episcopal sandals


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lix Tetrax

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was copyvio. (Remember to list these on WP:CP, please; don't just apply the template.) —Korath (Talk) 04:37, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)

Lix Tetrax
This article is a verbatim copy from the first two (of 118) google hits, here and here (according to which, this article is a verbatim copy of a scrap of paper someone found in their attic). In addition, it is non-notable. The Demon and Demonology provide good sources of information on demons, and if more information is needed, it should be added to either of these. Halidecyphon 05:30, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * If you see a copyvio, you can mark it as such, as I have done just now. Dave the Red (talk) 07:54, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks dave, but I didn't mark this copyvio because I wasn't sure it was. The fact that the material was available on many different sites with no reference on any made me suspect this material was not protected by copyright. The anonymous user could also have been the original author. Either way, it should be deleted for being non-enclopedic. Halidecyphon 11:25, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * We generally view anything from another site as a copyvio unless there is an explicit release to GFDL. RickK 21:19, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Aha, I'll bear that in mind. Sure makes things easy! --Halidecyphon 22:05, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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User talk:MoMo

D
=D go read articles and find sp mistakes =D and make minor edits =D

or go read help =D

also i added stuff to your user page =D enjoy =D

Thanks~ MoMo

HELLO! XD I found you! on the sweden page there is this swedish dish called Blood Sausages ^______^. oh by the way... do you know if stanford is deathly allergic to anything? It might seem a tad suspicious if I asked him myself...

title: User talk:MoMo


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Ed O'Ross

Ed O'Ross (born Edward Orss; July 5, 1949) is an American actor. His prominent roles include Itchy in Dick Tracy, Max Kale in Walker, Texas Ranger, Colonel Perry in Universal Soldier, Lt. Touchdown in Full Metal Jacket, ruthless Georgian mobster Viktor Rustaveli in Red Heat, and police detective Cliff Willis in The Hidden. He also appeared on Six Feet Under (2001–2005), and Shark (2006–2008).

Early life and education
O'Ross was born Edward Orss on July 5, 1949 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He is of Czechoslovak descent.

He graduated from Munhall High School, where he was a star baseball player, in 1964. He subsequently attended Point Park College and Carnegie Tech (which became Carnegie Mellon University), where he studied with Ralph Lewando at Carnegie Tech.

Prior to becoming an actor, O'Ross was a boxer, winning a Golden Gloves amateur championship in 1964. He was also a minor league baseball player. He auditioned for two Major League Baseball teams (the Pittsburgh Pirates and St. Louis Cardinals) but was not selected.

He studied acting over several years, under Stella Adler and Uta Hagen, among others.

Career
He has appeared in many films and has played several Russian characters, including [in fact Georgian] villain Viktor Rustaveli / Viktor Rosta in Walter Hill's action film Red Heat; Nikolai, one of Ruth Fisher's love interests on the HBO series Six Feet Under; and Leo, a sandwich shop owner on Curb Your Enthusiasm. He provided the voice of Agent K on the first season of Men in Black: The Series.

Other films of his include Dreams of Gold: The Mel Fisher Story, The Pope of Greenwich Village, The Cotton Club, Full Metal Jacket, Lethal Weapon, The Hidden, Action Jackson, Another 48 Hrs., Universal Soldier, Dick Tracy, Hoodlum, Curious George, A Green Story, The Harsh Life of Veronica Lambert and Sorority Party Massacre.

Guest television appearances include Stingray, Boston Legal, Seinfeld, Walker, Texas Ranger, CSI: NY, The Outsiders and Moonlighting (in the episode "Brother, Can You Spare A Blonde?").

O'Ross has occasionally done voice work, namely in the video game Judgment as Shigeru Kajihira.

Personal life
O'Ross resides in New York City and Los Angeles.

title: Ed O'Ross


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Jean Louvet

Jean Louvet may refer to:

 * Jean Louvet (politician), active in Provence in the early 15th century
 * Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvray (1760–1797), French novelist, playwright, journalist, politician, and diplomat
 * Jean Louvet (playwright) (1934–2015), Belgian playwright

title: Jean Louvet


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Category:Zulu kings

Category of Kings ruling over the Zulu people in Zululand. Now part of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

title: Category:Zulu kings


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Mike McGavick

Michael Sean McGavick (born February 7, 1958) is an American business executive and a graduate of the University of Washington.

McGavick was the Republican nominee for the US Senate seat held by Maria Cantwell in the 2006 election, but Cantwell retained her seat. In March 2008, global insurance company XL Group plc – formerly XL Capital Ltd prior to officially changing its name and domicile in 2010 – announced that McGavick would take over as CEO beginning on May 1, 2008. With 4,000 employees, XL Group headquartered in Bermuda and Stamford, Connecticut, and about 60 offices in more than 20 countries.

Career
McGavick was the CEO of Ireland-based XL Group plc, and former chairman/president/CEO of the insurance company Safeco. McGavick has been recognized as the Bermuda Insurance Institute's (Re)insurance Person of the Year, the Review Magazine's Industry Personality of the Year and Reactions Magazine's Insurance CEO of the Year. He is currently the Chairman of the Association of Bermuda Insurers & Reinsurers, The Geneva Association, and of the Global Reinsurance Forum.

He served as chief of staff to U.S. Senator Slade Gorton and manager of Gorton's campaign in 1988. He later served as director of the American Insurance Association's Superfund Improvement Project in Washington, D.C., where he was the American Insurance Association's lead negotiator in working to transform the nation's Superfund environmental laws. He was also a staff member of the Seattle-based Washington Roundtable, a non-partisan policy research group composed of the chief executive officers of the state's largest corporations.

McGavick was senior financial officer for Continental Casualty Company (CNA)'s Commercial Lines Group, vice president of CNA's New Ventures group, and president and chief operating officer of CNA's largest operating department. The department, with $3.5 billion in annual revenues, provided the majority of CNA's commercial insurance products. It also was responsible for managing CNA's relationship with its independent agent distribution system.

Safeco
McGavick was named "CEO of the Year" by the Puget Sound Business Journal in 2002. On July 18, 2005, McGavick announced that effective August 31 he would step down as CEO of Safeco, but would remain on as chairman until the end of 2005. McGavick explained that he expected "to give full consideration to the possibility of public service". On July 19, 2005, McGavick announced that he was forming an exploratory committee for a 2006 bid for the Washington United States Senate seat held by Maria Cantwell.

Personal life
Born in 1958, McGavick grew up in Seattle's Wallingford neighborhood with two sisters, Molly and Meaghan. His parents, Joe and Carole, were active in local civics. He attended Seattle Preparatory School, a college prep school and graduated from the University of Washington with a degree in political science. He was also a key member of the Rugby team there. His father, Joe, served both in the State Legislature and on the State Liquor Control Board. Joe McGavick was the last Republican to serve the Wallingford neighborhood since the Great Depression. McGavick has credited his father for sparking his interest in politics.

McGavick's wife, Gaelynn, is an attorney by training who has experience in the arena of health care policy, at one point working as a liaison to the White House for the American Hospital Association. The McGavicks have two sons.

McGavick makes "civility" a central campaign theme
In early January 2006, McGavick began his campaign full-time for the U.S. Senate, saying he would bring a "Northwestern voice of civility" to what he described as a culture of infighting in the nation's capital.

For most of July, the McGavick campaigned traveled around the state in an RV, making stops in: Seattle, Sedro-Woolley, Oak Harbor, Anacortes, Bellingham, Friday Harbor, Port Angeles, Forks, Clallam Bay, Bremerton, Belfair, Satsop, Aberdeen, Raymond, South Bend, Seaview, Naselle, Cathlamet, Vancouver, Goldendale, Pateros, Brewster, Republic, Colville, Spokane, Pullman, Clarkston, Pomeroy, Dayton, Prosser, Ritzville, Moses Lake, Leavenworth, and Yakima, among others.

Schwartzman v. McGavick
In August 2006, Safeco Insurance Co. shareholder Emma Schwartzman, the great, great granddaughter of one of the Safeco Corporation founders, filed a lawsuit against him and the Safeco corporation, claiming that his $28 million salary upon leaving his job was fraudulent and wasteful.

Knoll Lowney, a Seattle lawyer, represented Schwartzman.

Supported teaching intelligent design
In an August 2006 interview, McGavick said intelligent design should be taught in public schools and that it is appropriate to be taught in science class despite the 2005 court ruling prohibiting it.

Timeline of 2006 Senate race
On October 26, 2005, McGavick announced on KIRO Radio that he was an official candidate in the 2006 Senate race.

In the May 2006 edition of the Weekly Standard, McGavick made the argument that Iran should be banned from the FIFA World Cup due to its nuclear weapons research program and statements by Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad that deny the truthfulness of the holocaust (which is a criminal offense in the 2006 World Cup host country, Germany).

On April 26, 2006, the Washington State Democratic Party filed a complaint with the Federal Elections Commission alleging that the $17 million severance in cash and accelerated stock options given to him by Safeco amounted to an illegal campaign contribution to his Senate campaign. The FEC dismissed the case, stating, "The commission concluded that these payments were ordinary employment-related compensation made irrespective of Mr. McGavick's candidacy."

title: Mike McGavick


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Freedom Party of Ontario candidates in the 2003 Ontario provincial election

The Freedom Party of Ontario is a political party in Ontario, Canada.

The party ran twenty-four candidates in the 2003 provincial election. Information about these candidates may be found on this page.

Wally Dove (Brampton Centre)
Full name is Wallace Maxwell Raymond Dove. Dove is a former Certified General Accountant who had his license revoked by the Certified General Accountants of Ontario for his promotion of unlawful detax schemes. He now has an injunction against him prohibiting him from continuing to attempt to use his previous CGA credentials. Formerly a tax auditor with the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency. Now a member of Canada's small "Tax Refusal" (or DeTax) movement, members of which refuse to pay income tax, claiming that such taxation is illegal under Canadian law (very few people, and no court authorities, accept the arguments of this group).

Dove is an ally and frequent collaborator of Daniel Lavigne, who has promoted the "Tax Refusal" position extensively on Canadian political newsgroups. In 2000, Dove criticized bankers for many of the world's ills. Was arrested for tax evasion in 2004 after claiming false losses in a partnership. Attempted to have the case dismissed, on the grounds that no legal income tax act exists in Canada. This objection was dismissed by the presiding judge.

Received 356 votes, finishing fifth in a field of five candidates. The winner was Linda Jeffrey of the Ontario Liberal Party.

John G. Purdy (Brampton West—Mississauga)
Purdy is a computer consultant, and has described himself as a part-time poet and composer (Globe and Mail, 20 December 1999). He has written numerous letters to Canada's major newspapers on a variety of issues. In 2000, he wrote a letter to the National Post complaining of State Capitalism in Canada (National Post, 3 April 2000). He has also written that the right of businesses to profit is "fundamental and inalienable" (Toronto Star, 29 March 2000). In 2002, he accused Canada's business community of not being sufficiently supportive of free enterprise (National Post, 22 July 2002). He has also written a defence of pornography as free expression (National Post, 25 March 2000).

He voted for the Progressive Conservative Party in the 1995 general election, and subsequently argued that the PCs more closely approximated his views than did the other major parties (Globe and Mail, 8 August 1997).

His chief financial officer in 2003 was Paul Blair, another Freedom Party candidate. He received 266 votes (0.4%), finishing sixth in a field of six candidates. The winner was Vic Dhillon of the Ontario Liberal Party.

David Rodman (Chatham-Kent—Essex)
Has been a member of the Freedom Party since at least 1995. Assisted the Freedom Party campaign in the 1995 provincial election. Received 281 votes, finishing fifth in a field of five candidates. The winner was Pat Hoy of the Ontario Liberal Party.

Franz Cauchi (Davenport)
Owns a marketing business. Has been a member of the Freedom Party since at least 1995. Assisted the Freedom Party campaign in the 1995 provincial election. Supports a change in Ontario law, allowing greater access to adoption information by children and parents. Received 264 votes, finishing sixth in a field of seven candidates. The winner was Tony Ruprecht of the Ontario Liberal Party. Cauchi is the FpO's candidate in the March 30, 2006 provincial by-election in Toronto—Danforth.

Wayne Simmons (Don Valley East)
Philosophical objectivist, a follower of Ayn Rand. Has also quoted F.A. Hayek on occasion. Simmons has written several articles summarizing his beliefs on philosophy-oriented newsgroups. Opposes government involvement in matters such as health provision, rent control, social welfare, drug prohibition and abortion provision. An atheist, opposes the idea of "Christian libertarianism". Was elected to the provincial council of the Freedom Party on February 13, 2005, having previously served as a provincial councillor. First ran for the Freedom Party in the 1999 provincial election in Don Valley East and received 53 votes, finishing ninth in a field of ten candidates. The winner was David Caplan of the Ontario Liberal Party. Improved his total to 119 votes in the 2003 election, though this was still the lowest vote total of any Freedom Party candidate in the province. Finished sixth in a field of six candidates. Caplan again won the riding.

He was the party's candidate in the provincial by-election on November 24, 2005, in Scarborough—Rouge River. He won 59 votes (0.4% of the total), placing last in a field of seven candidates. Bas Balkissoon won the riding for the Liberal Party.

Cathy McKeever (Durham)
Joined the Reform Party of Canada in 1990, claims the Freedom Party of Ontario has similar goals. Describes herself as a business woman, library board member, hiker, environmentalist, soccer fan, Thatcher fan and Beatlemaniac. Has also campaigned for municipal office. She is anti-abortion, but does not support conscience rights for medical practitioners who oppose abortion. Received 707 votes, finishing fifth in a field of five candidates. The winner was John O'Toole of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario.

Ray Monteith (Elgin—Middlesex—London)
Perennial candidate. Lives in St. Thomas. Former longtime president of the local Freedom Party riding association. Originally a Progressive Conservative, but voted for the Liberals in the 1985 provincial election. Has campaigned for the Freedom Party in every provincial election since 1987, and frequently polls above the party's provincial average. Born August 21, 1920. A devout Seventh-day Adventist, and a former railway worker at Conrail for 38 years. Acted as a foster father to 175 children over a twenty-year period. Supports the full legalization of drugs, and once compared Canadian former cabinet minister Allan Rock to Deng Xiaoping for his refusal to consider an end to Canada's prohibition laws. Has also written against pay equity and in favour of legalized Sunday shopping. Opposes same-sex marriage and euthanasia, and supports health workers being able to deny assistance to women seeking lawful access to abortion. Received 671 votes, finishing fifth in a field of five candidates. The winner was Steve Peters of the Ontario Liberal Party.

Previous candidacies:
 * 1987 Ontario general election, Elgin, 546 votes, fifth out of five candidates (winner: Marietta Roberts, Liberal)
 * 1990 Ontario general election, Elgin, 1,104 votes, fourth out of four candidates (winner: Peter North, Ontario New Democratic Party)
 * 1995 Ontario general election, Elgin, 565 votes, fifth out of five candidates (winner: Peter North, Independent)
 * 1999 Ontario general election, Elgin—Middlesex—London, 405 votes, fourth out of six candidates (winner: Steve Peters, Liberal)

Charles Olito (Haliburton—Victoria—Brock)
Perennial candidate. Has campaigned for no fewer than five registered political parties. Lives in Mariposa, and lists his occupation as a farmer. Previously a teacher. Graduated from the University of Toronto's Teacher's College in 1969, and taught in that city. Also served in the Royal Canadian Air Force. Supports monetary reform, and has argued that Canada's Goods and Services Tax (GST) is illegal.

Ran for the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario in the 1987 provincial election, and received 798 votes in Parkdale for a distant third-place finish. The winner was Tony Ruprecht of the Ontario Liberal Party. Olito was also a candidate in the 1988 North York municipal election, finishing fifth against Anthony Perruzza in the city's fifth ward.

Later ran as a candidate of the Ontario Provincial Confederation of Regions Party in the 1995 provincial election, and received 151 votes in the riding of Victoria—Haliburton, finishing sixth in a field of six candidates. The winner on that occasion was Chris Hodgson of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario.

First ran for the Freedom Party in the 1999 provincial election, and received 135 votes in Haliburton—Victoria—Brock; Hodgson again won the riding. In the 2003 campaign, received 273 votes and again finished sixth in a field of six candidates. The winner was Laurie Scott of the Progressive Conservative Party.

He has also campaigned for federal office on four occasions:
 * Ran in Victoria—Haliburton in the 1993 federal election as a candidate of the Canada Party, and finished last in a field of nine candidates with 178 votes. The winner was John O'Reilly of the Liberal Party of Canada.
 * Ran again for the Canada Party in Hamilton East in a 1996 by-election, and finished twelfth in a field of thirteen candidates with 52 votes. The winner on that occasion was Sheila Copps.
 * In the 1997 federal election, campaigned again in Victoria—Haliburton as a candidate of Paul Hellyer's Canadian Action Party, and finished last in a field of five candidates with 504 votes; O'Reilly again won the riding.
 * In the 2004 federal election, he ran as an independent candidate and received 330 votes, finishing last in a field of six candidates. The winner was Barry Devolin of the Conservative Party of Canada.

In the 2006 municipal election, he ran as a candidate for the city council of the City of Kawartha Lakes in Ward 8 on a platform proposing de-amalgamation of that city. He placed third of three candidates with 89 votes, behind Donna Villemaire (1050 votes) and Ron Jenkins (486 votes).

He is the Freedom Party's candidate in Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock in the 2011 provincial election.

Robert Sabharwal (Huron—Bruce)
Was 26 years old, and an undergraduate student in Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Western Ontario at the time of the election. Raised in St. Thomas, Ontario, though he lived in Sarnia on a co-op placement during the election. Chief financial officer was Paul Blair, another Freedom Party candidate. Received 127 votes, finishing last in a field of six candidates. The winner was Carol Mitchell of the Ontario Liberal Party.

Wayne Forbes (Lambton—Kent—Middlesex)
Perennial candidate. Owns Forbes Fresh Fish in Grand Bend, Ontario. Large and heavyset, despises political correctness. Has called for the legalization of marijuana, and admits to pot smoking. Supported the Reform Party of Canada at the federal level. Has also accused the federal government of "cav[ing] in" to demands by native groups, and returning land expropriated in previous years. Also opposed calling an inquiry into the death of Dudley George, claiming George was a violent protester. Received 780 votes, finishing sixth in a field of six candidates. The winner was Maria Van Bommel of the Ontario Liberal Party. Received the highest vote totals of any Freedom Party candidate in the 1999 and 2003 elections.

Not to be confused with the Wayne Forbes, Project Manager from Sydney, Australia.

Previous candidacies:
 * 1995 Ontario general election, Lambton, 417 votes, fifth out of five candidates (winner: Marcel Beaubien, Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario)
 * 1999 Ontario general election, Lambton—Kent—Middlesex, 1,076 votes, fourth out of four candidates (winner: Marcel Beaubien, Progressive Conservative)

Lisa Turner (London North Centre)
Opposes excessive taxation, and promised to end the province's energy tax cap. Also supports "choice" in education, a term normally used by those favouring privatization. Received 242 votes, finishing last in a field of six candidates. The winner was Deb Matthews of the Ontario Liberal Party.

Mike Davidson (London—Fanshawe)
A computer science lecturer at the University of Western Ontario. Joined the Freedom Party in the 1990s, and did considerable work in designing the party's web pages. Received 493 votes, finishing last in a field of five candidates. The winner was Khalil Ramal of the Ontario Liberal Party.

Bill Frampton (London West)
A computer software developer in London. Frampton has endorsed guaranteed private property rights as a means of improving Canada's environment. Received 460 votes, the winner was Liberal Party candidate Chris Bentley.

Paul McKeever (Oshawa)
Party leader. See his biography page for further details. Received 518 votes, finishing fifth in a field of six candidates. The winner was Jerry Ouellette of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario.

Matt Szymanowicz (Ottawa Centre)
A private in the Canadian Forces Primary Reserve as a weapons technician living in Ottawa. Also active with the Ontario Rifle Association. Received 218 votes, finishing sixth out of seven candidates. The winner was Richard Patten of the Ontario Liberal Party.

Paul Blair (Oxford)
A firefighter in London, Ontario. 49 years old in 2003. Has supported the Freedom Party since 1986. Joined the party's provincial executive in 1995. Is currently a provincial officer in the party, and a member of the national executive of the Freedom Party of Canada. In 1995, took place in a "counter-demonstration", supporting cuts to public funding by Mike Harris's government. Member of the Canadian Taxpayers Federation. A founder of the Alternative Parent Participating Learning Environment, APPLE ...as a local option within the public school system. Has supported the right of figures on Canada's 'far-right' to express their views in public, presenting the issue as one of free speech. Handed out Freedom Party paraphernalia at a "Straight Pride" parade organized by 'far-right' figures in 2000 (the event was organized as a hostile response to Gay Pride parades). Some have linked Blair to Paul Fromm, Raphael Bergmann and other far-right figures, although there is no evidence to suggest that Blair actually endorses Fromm's opinions. Received 404 votes, finishing sixth in a field of seven candidates. The winner was Ernie Hardeman of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario.

Previous candidacies:
 * 1995 Ontario general election, Scarborough North, 601 votes, fourth out of six candidates (winner: Alvin Curling, Ontario Liberal Party)
 * 1999 Ontario general election, Oxford, 312 votes, sixth out of seven candidates (winner: Ernie Hardemann, Progressive Conservative)

Richard (Dick) Field (Parkdale—High Park)
A World War II Veteran, Richard (Dick) Field Was chairman of Voice of Canadians Committees, which later merged into the Freedom Party. In 1994, wrote an article attacking multiculturalism as undermining Canadian values. Also claimed that Canadian and British traditions had been dishonoured by multiculturalism. His article was printed by the Freedom Party in 1995. Also opposed bilingualism and political correctness. Opposed the inclusion of a question on race on the 1996 Canadian census. A founding member of the Montgomery Tavern Society. Received 165 votes, finishing last in a field of eight candidates. The winner was Gerard Kennedy of the Ontario Liberal Party.

He ran again in 2006, when the seat was vacated, and lost.

In 2012, Field opposed the Progressive Conservative nomination of Ghina Al-Sewaidi, an Iraqi-Canadian immigration lawyer. The party later saw the nomination vacated.

Robert Smink (Perth—Middlesex)
A businessperson in London, Ontario. Former owner of the Fabulous Forum strip club. 51 years old in 2003. Holds a degree in Philosophy and History from the University of Waterloo (1974). Supported Premier Mike Harris's cut to social welfare in 1995, on the grounds that the poor would be encouraged to improve their lives. Has been president of the Freedom Party's Perth riding association. Wrote an editorial in support of the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, referring to it as America's finest hour. Received 384 votes, finishing last in a field of six candidates. The winner was John Wilkinson of the Ontario Liberal Party.

Previous candidacies:
 * 1995 Ontario general election, Perth, 427, fourth of five candidates (winner: Bert Johnson, Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario)
 * 1999 Ontario general election, Perth—Middlesex, 521 votes, fifth out of five candidates (winner: Bert Johnson, Progressive Conservative)

Trueman Tuck (Prince Edward—Hastings)
Tuck is a self-described "non-lawyer legal consultant", who owns a consultation firm in Belleville, Ontario called Tuck's Professional Services. He also owns a store in Belleville called Tuck's Discount Vitamins, and describes his products as "synthetic medicine". He is a leader of "Friends of Freedom", and opposes the regulatory powers of Health Canada over medicines that may be sold in Canada. Tuck petitioned for a conservative Canadian television network in 2005, and in the same year co-wrote a work entitled Death by Modern Medicine.

He defended the makers of Bell Magicc Bullet (a sexual enhancement drug) in 2003, after Health Canada ruled that the drug contains an active ingredient in Viagra and should be pulled from the market. Tuck's argument that Health Canada was mistaken in its ruling was thrown out of court.

Tuck operates taxtyranny.ca, and other related web-sites. Taxtyranny includes criticisms of fluoride usage, and has also included criticisms Conservative Party of Canada leader Stephen Harper for his participation at the Bilderbergers summit in 2003. There have been a variety of other conspiracy references on the page, some involving John F. Kennedy.

Tuck is a social conservative, and unlike most others in the Freedom Party is a committed theist. Some have criticized him as an entrist, seeking to manipulate the Freedom Party and other organizations for his own ends.

He ran in Prince Edward—Hastings as an Independent Reform candidate in the 1999 provincial election, the only such candidate in the province. He received 133 votes, finishing seventh in a field of eight candidates. As a Freedom Party candidate in 2003, he received 229 votes and finished last in a field of five candidates. The winner on both occasions was Ernie Parsons of the Ontario Liberal Party.

In the 2007 provincial election, he is a running in the same riding as one of two candidates of the Republican Party of Ontario, which he founded.

Andrew Falby (Sarnia—Lambton)
Advocate of Ayn Rand's philosophy, has references Atlas Shrugged in interviews. Formerly a baker on a Texaco ship, later a landlord and a day renovator. Opposes any form of rent control. Gained local notoriety in the 1999 provincial election by making two bleating noises during a Rotary meeting. Claimed his intent was to demonstrate that Canadians are a nation of sheep, blinding following the will of civil servants. Wears rumpled clothing in his campaigns, and claims his concern is with changing society as a whole. Asked about his reasons for campaigning, he once responded "I'm not doing this to win votes. I'm doing it to shock people." Asked the Sarnia city council to reduce its budget by 10% in 2004. Has made a court application to quash the provincial anti-smoking bylaw in Lambton County. Runs a website called "The Homeless Landlords". Received 316 votes, finishing last in a field of five candidates. The winner was Caroline Di Cocco of the Ontario Liberal Party.

Previous candidacies:
 * 1995 Ontario general election, Sarnia, 159 votes, sixth in a field of six candidates (winner: David Boushy, Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario)
 * 1999 Ontario general election, Sarnia—Lambton, 517 votes, fourth in a field of four candidates (winner: Caroline Di Cocco, Liberal)

Carol Leborg (St. Paul's)
Coordinated "Capitalism Day" in Toronto in 2002. Has worked as a toastmaster at Toronto's Imperial Oil building. Opposes abortion funding and supports "conscience rights" for health-care workers opposed to abortion. Received 354 votes, finishing last in a field of five candidates. The winner was Michael Bryant of the Ontario Liberal Party.

Lindsay George King (Thornhill)
A United Church of Canada minister in Toronto for over thirty years, overseeing the Willowdale United Church. Retired in 1993. Is involved in the Family Life Foundation. Supports the LETS scheme, as promoted by John Turmel and others. Was a founder of the Toronto LETS. Once co-presented the "Toronto Dollar" system to former Mayor of Toronto Mel Lastman. Ran for Turmel's Abolitionist Party of Canada in the 1993 federal election in the riding of Don Valley North, and finished last in a field of six candidates with 76 votes. The winner was Sarkis Assadourian of the Liberal Party of Canada. He has also run in Ontario elections in the riding of Thornhill. He received 304 votes in 2003, finishing last in a field of five candidates. The winner was Mario Racco of the Ontario Liberal Party. In 2007, he received 145 votes and was the last of seven candidates.

Silvio Ursomarzo (Toronto Centre—Rosedale)
Ursomarzo was born and raised in Toronto, has a Bachelor of Economics degree from York University (1988) and works in the financial services industry. He has been involved with the Freedom Party since at least 1995, and is known to support the privatization of health care, education and housing services (Annex Gleaner, June 1999).

First ran for the Freedom Party in Trinity—Spadina in the 1999 provincial election. Received 182 votes, finishing seventh in a field of eight candidates; the winner was Rosario Marchese of the Ontario New Democratic Party. Received 218 votes in 2003, finishing last in a field of six candidates. The winner was George Smitherman of the Ontario Liberal Party.

Vaughan Byrnes (Willowdale)
President of Vaughan Byrnes and Co., a family engineering business. Opposes multiculturalism, and once described Canada's policies on immigration, multiculturalism and employment equity as "genocidal" to Canadians. A member of the Montgomery Tavern Society. First ran for the Freedom Party in the 1999 provincial election and received 152 votes in Willowdale, finishing seventh in a field of eight candidates. The winner was David Young of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario. In 2003, received 227 votes and finished last in a field of six candidates. The winner was David Zimmer of the Ontario Liberal Party.

The party also planned to run Gordon Mood in Algoma—Manitoulin, but he did not appear on the ballot. Had he run, Mood would have been the party's only candidate in northern Ontario. John Genser was also slated to run for the party in Vaughan—King—Aurora, but he too did not appear on the ballot.


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Staunton Gambit

The Staunton Gambit is a chess opening characterised by the moves:

 * 1. d4 f5 (the Dutch Defence)
 * 2. e4

White sacrifices a pawn for quick, with the idea of launching an attack against Black's , which has been somewhat weakened by 1...f5. Black can decline the gambit with 2...d6, transposing to the Balogh Defence, but accepting the pawn with 2...fxe4 is considered stronger.

Although the Staunton Gambit was once a feared weapon for White, it is rarely played today, since theory has shown how to neutralise it, and White scores only about 50 percent.

The ECO codes for Staunton Gambit are A82 and A83.

Gambit accepted
After 2...fxe4, play usually proceeds 3.Nc3 Nf6.

Main line: 4.Bg5
The main line runs 4.Bg5, first played by Howard Staunton against Bernhard Horwitz in London, 1846.

After 4.Bg5, a common trap is 4...d5 5.Bxf6 exf6 6.Qh5+ g6 7.Qxd5 Qxd5 8.Nxd5 when White has regained his pawn, and since his knight is attacking the pawns on both c7 and f6, will come out a pawn ahead. Instead, Black usually tries to develop quickly and fortify his kingside, giving back the pawn if necessary, with 4...Nc6 5.d5 (White can regain the pawn with 5.Bxf6 exf6 6.Nxe4, but after 6...Qe7, White has no good way to defend the knight. Everything except for 7.Qe2 allows ...d5 or ...f5, winning a piece, while after the forcing 7.Qe2 Nxd4 8.Qd3 d5 9.Qxd4 Qxe4+ 10.Qxe4 dxe4, Black has an extra pawn and for no compensation, and should win with best play.) Ne5 6.Qd4 Nf7, while 6.Qe2 is a modern alternative.

4.f3
White can also try 4.f3 in the style of the Blackmar–Diemer Gambit, whereupon White gets good compensation after 4...exf3. So Black generally plays 4...d5 5.fxe4 dxe4. Black can also try 4...e3, returning the pawn in order to hinder White's development.

4.g4?!
4.g4 (the Bayonet Attack or Tartakower Variation) fails to provide enough compensation after 4...h6!

title: Staunton Gambit