text:
Talk:Lagom

Meta
I imagine the only ones editing this article and discussing it are Swedes with delusions of how unique this word is. Because, you know, there's no direct equivalent in English. Oh, and there's also Smörgåsbord, Ombudsman, and Pizzasallad! #uniqueness — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.233.83.9 (talk) 15:21, 26 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Haha, indeed. Maybe we can make thousands of pointless Wikipedia articles for all the words in English that have no Swedish equivalent. Lagom = just right. I mean, seriously, it's not that difficult... 85.24.189.252 (talk) 13:01, 27 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Actually, I (a non-native Swede) originally created the article when I was studying Swedish. Jrc (talk) 16:16, 4 October 2016 (UTC)

 * This article isn't, or at least shouldn't be about words in languages pr say.
 * It's more about memes and memeplexes and about how what ideas can easily be expressed in a language influences how different cultures thinks.
 * This particular word plays a *huge* role in how *nordic* people think and exemplifies some of the differences between nordic people and the anglosphere.
 * Anyway, relevant articles that should probably be linked here are Language and thought and Memeplex in my view. Luredreier (talk) 08:30, 28 August 2018 (UTC)

Translations comment
The translation "Enough is as good as a feast" is in my opinion wrong, because it conveys the feeling of not having more. The other translation, "There is virtue in moderation", is on the other hand right on target. Lagom is not by necessity, it is by choice!

I can't agree with either of these, my translation would be: just right is best. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.25.38.97 (talk) 00:37, 12 November 2011 (UTC)

Chinese equivalent
It seems to me that 剛好 could be a Chinese equivalent, although it does carry with it a connotation of fortuitousness. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.225.159.39 (talk) 02:15, 5 August 2009 (UTC)

Dutch equivalent
There seems to be a Dutch equivalent, but it's a whole phrase: "Doe maar gewoon, dan doe je al gek genoeg"; "act normal, you would be acting crazy enough" which is almost only used in sentences like "The typical Dutch 'Doe maar gewoon, dan doe je al gek genoeg' mentality that keeps anyone from outperforming others to avoid jealousy".

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.83.176.115 (talk • contribs) 00:33, 7 June 2006

Norwegian equivalent
The word "lagom" exist in several dialects of Norwegian. It is also accepted in both written variations of Norwegian, Bokmål and Nynorsk. So it's inaccurate to claim that it's a purely Swedish word with no equivalents in other languages. It might very well be Swedish in origin, but since it's also intergrated into the Norwegian language, this should also be mentioned.

See here for proof; "http://www.dokpro.uio.no/perl/ordboksoek/ordbok.cgi?OPP=lagom&ordbok=bokmaal&s=n&alfabet=n&renset=j" and "http://www.dokpro.uio.no/perl/ordboksoek/ordbok.cgi?OPP=lagom&ordbok=nynorsk&s=n&alfabet=n&renset=j"

or http://www.ordnett.no/ordbok.html?search=lagom&publications=5&publications=2&publications=23&publications=1&publications=3&publications=20&publications=24&publications=25&publications=26&publications=28&publications=27" (might require registration)

Thus I changed a paragraph dealing with the word's supposed untranslatability to include the Norwegian "lagom". I expect those inclined to remove this to discuss it here first.

Mogura 10:07, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

 * The Norwegian equivalent "passe" which is mentioned has slight negative connotations. "Passelig" is more positive and would thus be a better translation. I therefore shorten the sentence "A closer equivalent in terms of denotation/connotation is the Norwegian word "passe" ("passende, passelig", see Jante Law)". I also find this reference to the Jante Law misplaced, it should be moved. Narssarssuaq (talk) 13:20, 5 February 2009 (UTC)

Lukewarm?
Hey guys! I have just found this great definition of the word lagom; LUKEWARM. Eh? eh??! :D! Ex dee, ex dee! Well you can't aswer the question "How much coffee do you want?", because you'd be all like "lukewarm, please" and then it's like "what, moderately warm?", but who'd want that? Gotta be hot, y'know? (h)Aaaaanywayyys... see you around guys! (a)

—Preceding unsigned comment added by Per von Wovern (talk • contribs) 04:31, 2 November 2006

 * No more sugar for you little man.
 * —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.227.102.80 (talk • contribs) 20:44, 10 April 2007

 * :-) 195.24.29.51 14:17, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, "lagom hot" or "lagom cold" means "the appropriate temperature". But that means the right temperature for what you intend to use it. So "lagom cold" ice cream is usually below freezing. But right, for washing your hands then "lagom hot water" can mean lukewarm water. But for coffee "lagom hot" would mean much hotter. And for iron casting then "lagom hot" would be way hotter.
 * But note that "lagom" is used for any amount, not just for temperature. So for coffee you could say "lagom amount of sugar and milk", although answering that is usually a joke since different people want very different amounts of sugar and milk in their coffee.
 * And the earth orbits the sun at the "lagom distance" to support life.
 * --David Göthberg (talk) 05:05, 23 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Also note: The official translation in all dictionaries is wrong: They state lagom = "just right". But "just right" means near perfect, while lagom means the whole acceptable span. So lagom has a wider span than the corresponding word in most other languages. Thus "not too much, not too little" is correct, but "just right" is wrong. And at least in most European languages often their words and expressions talk about "just enough" or "good enough" or "not too much". That is it only hints that it is above the minimum, or below the maximum acceptable, but not both ends of the scale at the same time. The words and expressions that hints at both ends of the scale are usually much more tightly defined to be close to the optimum amount, for instance "just right".
 * I have talked to people from Southeast Asia (sorry forgot which country) and they do have a word that exactly corresponds to lagom. But in their case it is just a word, while in Sweden it can be used as just a normal word, but also as part of our culture (being a lagom person is something to strive for).
 * --David Göthberg (talk) 23:57, 13 December 2023 (UTC)

Audio
Would it be possible for a native speaker to post a soundclip of the word?

—Preceding unsigned comment added by L33th4x0rguy (talk • contribs) 23:28, 2 December 2006

 * Two audio clips added. One I recorded and one found on Wikimedia. --LypsylateX —Preceding undated comment added 18:09, 11 August 2011 (UTC).

Quote and cite, don't plagiarize
We must always attribute quotes in Wikipedia. We may not copy material from other sites or from print sources without attribution. We may quote from other sources, with proper cites. We should not include slightly paraphrased material from other sources, without cites. It is much better to include an exact quote with a proper cite. See Plagiarism, Citing sources -- 201.19.93.178 16:46, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

In Irish
FWIW There is an Irish word which sounds like scowl more like skyowl meaning the right amount as in "Feed the calf a skcowl of milk" which would be the right amount not too much or too little. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.16.65.74 (talk) 06:48, 28 March 2009 (UTC)

"Simpsons did it"
Isn't this pretty much the same as 'cromulent' from the Simpsons? I'm not saying that Sweden ripped off the show, but that David S. Cohen might have inadvertently filled the same semantic space that was missing in English. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_the_Iconoclast#Embiggen_and_cromulent Namelessghoul (talk • contribs) 03:33, 25 May 2010
 * As I recall it, the word 'cromulent' is used twice in the episode, once describing 'embiggen' as a "perfectly cromulent word", and once describing Homer Simpson's work as town crier as a "cromulent performance". In the first occasion, it clearly means something on the lines of 'normal', 'common', 'accepted', 'valid', which is pretty far from 'lagom'. In the second occasion, the performance could possibly be said to be lagom in the sense of neither being over-acted nor under-acted, but the usage of 'cromulent' here is so vague that it's really hard to tell more than that it's a positive word. 85.226.207.245 (talk) 09:49, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
 * The two are indeed different. The (non-)word 'cromulent' is closer to 'adequate' or 'sufficient' in that it seems to indicate that something meets expected minimum requirements. The thing about 'lagom' is that it indicates that there are both upper and lower limits. There's a significant difference between "hot enough" ("tillräckligt varm" in Swedish) and "lagom hot" ("lagom varm") in that the former could be too hot, while the latter must meet both the requirements of being "hot enough" and "not too hot". If that makes sense. - Alltat (talk) 09:20, 21 May 2013 (UTC)

Icelandic
I guess I should mention this here and not just add it to the article right away, but I'm also guessing that this page may not be the most active one. Anyway, it doesn't seem unreasonable to mention the fact that 'í lagi' ('lagi' being the dative singular of the same stem that has given Swedish 'lagom'; cf. Icelandic dative plural 'lögum') means 'okay', 'all right' (as an adjective) in Icelandic and therefore has derived a similar connotation from the same root. Skomakar'n (talk) 21:43, 30 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Yeah, in Norway there's some dialects that have the word "luggum" too, related to "lagom" and "lögum" I'm sure. =) Luredreier (talk) 08:33, 28 August 2018 (UTC)

Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
The proper translation of "lagom" in these languages would be the Turkish loanword "taman", meaning "just right". The meaning is perfectly illustrated in this old joke: - Are you drunk? - No. - Then are you sober? - No. - Then what are you? - Taman.

Still, um(j)eren is in some contexts the appropriate translation of the cited Russian word, but that would be a translation of a translation, and is therefore wrong to include here. 141.136.242.48 (talk) 18:10, 11 January 2014 (UTC)

Hm
"Lagom (pronounced [ˈlɑ̀ːɡɔm]) is a Swedish word with no direct English equivalent, meaning "[direct English equivalent]".

Book Title - Lagom: The Swedish Secret of Living Well
Is this book worth exploring to add content to the page?

https://books.google.co.th/books?id=OpZiDgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=lagom&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwimjrCZh4vaAhWMFZQKHTc1DEcQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=lagom&f=false

Is it already referenced in the article?

184.22.209.76 (talk) 22:40, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

No, lagom does not mean "just the right amount"...
The usual translation into English is "not too much and not too little", which is a much better translation than "just the right amount", since "just the right amount"" confers a meaning of near perfect that lagom does definitely not do. Instead lagom means an amount of something, whether it's spices in food, room temperature or anything else, that most people would feel is agreeable, if not perfect. - Tom | Thomas.W talk 16:17, 1 July 2022 (UTC)
 * It kinda means "just the right amount" in an unserious way, as in "dont fuck up".--Blockhaj (talk) 16:35, 1 July 2022 (UTC)
 * I agree with Tom completely. "Not too much, not too little" is correct, but "just right" is wrong since it means a to tight span. And lagom has a positive meaning, lagom is a good thing. --David Göthberg (talk) 00:04, 14 December 2023 (UTC)

Pronunciation inconsistency
Didn't want to change it as I don't have an account but the pronunciation guide states  [ˈlɑ̂ːɡɔm] and then in English LAW-gom. Should the latter not be LAH-gom? 137.253.7.3 (talk) 11:44, 11 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lagom


text: User talk:210.60.55.9

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:210.60.55.9


text: Talk:Bob Lutz (businessman)

title: Talk:Bob Lutz (businessman)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jokoids

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 01:50, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Jokoids
Neologism, do not transwiki, delete--nixie 05:06, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, neologism. Dave the Red (talk) 06:44, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, neologism. Megan1967 08:27, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, neologism. I forget what that word means, but if it means "vague useless semi-dictionary crap" I'm all for deleting it! Master Thief Garrett 05:28, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jokoids


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jess Stone

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was redirect to Joss Stone. – ABCD 02:13, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Jess Stone
Vanity or harassment. unencyclopedic either way. Rhobite 05:08, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Turn it into a redirect for Joss Stone, who seems to get a few Google hits with this incorrect version of her name. Certainly more than any "lesbian poet" called Jess Stone. Grutness|hello? [[Image:Grutness.jpg|25px|]] 06:53, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Agree with Grutness. Meelar (talk) 07:24, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Joss Stone. Megan1967 08:28, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * But since this is a likely attack page, delete before redirecting. Samaritan 16:47, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Yuriy Lutsenko

Official bio
Народився 14 грудня 1964 р. у м. Рівне.

Освіта вища, у 1989 р. закінчив Львівський політехнічний інститут, факультет електронної техніки, інженер електронної техніки.

У 1982-1984 рр. та у 1986-1989 рр. - студент Львівського політехнічного інституту.

У 1984-1986 рр. - служба в армії.

У 1989-1994 рр. - майстер дільниці, начальник техбюро цеху, головний конструктор Рівненського заводу "Газотрон".

У 1994 р. - заступник голови Рівненської облради народних депутатів.

У 1996 р. - голова комітету економіки Рівненської облдержадміністрації

З 09.1997 р. по 09.1998 р. - заступник міністра Міністерства України у справах науки і технологій.

З 09.1998 р. по 04.1999 р. - помічник Прем'єр-міністра України. З 04.1999 р. по 04.2002 р. - помічник-консультант народного депутата України О.Мороза, Секретаріат ВР України. Секретар Політради СПУ у 1996-1998 рр. З 12.2000 р. - співголова акції "Україна без Кучми". Член ради акцій протесту, представник Громадянського комітету захисту Конституції "Україна без Кучми" для ведення переговорів з представниками режиму з 02.2001 р.

З квітня 2002 р. народний депутат України 4 скликання від СПУ.

27 вересня 2005р. призначений на посаду Міністра внутрішніх справ.

4 серпня 2006 року призначений Верховною Радою України на посаду Міністра внутрішніх справ.

 * Please provide a link or source for this content per Verifiability --TAG 18:54, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

--Irpen 19:17, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

For futher reference
Not sure it should be used now: Bild refuses to publish Lutsenko’s refutation by UNIAN. — Mariah-Yulia (talk) 11:15, 27 May 2009 (UTC)

Redirect page
Here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutsenko he listed without his "otchestvo" - Vitaliyovych. Should we change it?--Oleg Str (talk) 11:04, 12 July 2009 (UTC)

Fighting conficts
There was another incident with him when in the beginning of 2008 he beat Chernovetskyj, meyor of capital. This should be added, i guess :-).--Oleg Str (talk) 11:05, 12 July 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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can somebody please clarify an obtuse section?
Article says:
 * In the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election Iryna Lutsenko tried to get re-elected into parliament; this time by placing 70th on the electoral list of Petro Poroshenko Bloc; but Petro Poroshenko Bloc gained 63 seats by electoral list.[100][101] After fellow Petro Poroshenko Bloc members left parliament she returned to parliament on 27 January 2015.[27]

What placing 70th on some list implies, & how a list of some Bloc is significant, & how gaining 63 seats, & how Bloc members leaving has to do with a return to parliament, is not explained. Please explain. Thanks

Konstantin Kilimnik
add ref Ukraine Continued: How a Crucial Witness Escaped by Murray Waas October 8, 2019 nybooks.com regarding Konstantin Kilimnik? X1\ (talk) 20:31, 19 October 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Yuriy Lutsenko


text:
Talk:Wier (name)

I am of the surname Wier, and this is the family history of my branch as it has been traced to Scotland. More information from others with the same surname would be appreciated.

Wier
Wier means knitting in Frisian language. Possible is also a latin origin "vir" (Mann) or from "Weiher" (pond) --Arebenti (talk) 16:37, 14 May 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wier (name)


text: User:Elijahx

title: User:Elijahx


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Leeds Railways

Category:Leeds Railways
Apart from this article being misnamed - it is not about "Leeds Railways" but about the rail services operated by the West Yorkshire Passenger Transport Authority (Metro) - I have now written an article Metro (West Yorkshire) to replace it. There is in any case another category Category:Transport in Leeds which mimics this one. Peter Shearan 06:29, 26 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Only one of the articles in Category:Transport in Leeds is specific there. Would Category:Transport in West Yorkshire be more useful? Susvolans (pigs can fly) 16:22, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Well yes it might be: although even then the Transport in Leeds category is over-egging the pudding! Perhaps your suggested Category could replace both? Peter Shearan 08:40, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree that replacing both categories with Category:Transport in West Yorkshire would be more sensible. (Our Phellap 21:06, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC))


text: User talk:68.42.74.19

title: User talk:68.42.74.19


text:
Talk:VoiceXML

Untitled
Ya.. I understood VoiceXML but can anybody tell me, how will a caller (which is calling from PSTN) get interected with this HTTP protocol's voice browser ?? Please tell me what will need to be done in actual scenario..

Like i have put the VXML file on my webserver say, http://www.gatescorp.com/VXML/Sample.vxml and put a simple prompt on that.. But what will i need to do to hear that prompt ??? Will i have to dial any number to interect with it or just open that URL from internet exploerer ?? Please tell me if anybody knows...

 * You need a voice browser. Same concept as a web browser except it parses and plays back you code information.  Genesys (previously Telera) offers a developers account to utilize their voice broswer at http://codecenter.telera.com/. Kitsonk 02:36, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Yes you need voice browser for hearing the prompt but it is different from web browser in the sense that every end user does not need to keep the browser with them.

This browser along with voice server and web server is installed by the service provider. Voice browser receives the phone calls on some particular phone numbers you assign.

NPOV
Does the opening remarks on this article sound like a proud mother describing her son to anyone else here? It reads more like an ad pamphlet than an encyclopidic article. Citations would go a long way to calm these concerns, this should be easy as it is an internet protocal which generally have technical documents available for them. I am addinng it to my watchlist, and I may be paying attention to it later, time permitting. HighInBC 04:40, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

 * First paragraph seems fine, second is a bit puffy. - Jmabel | Talk 19:41, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay, I did a rewrite on a couple of paragraphs. Tried to keep the content the same but removed some of the "marketing-speak". I think this article could be expanded a bit with more technical information if anyone has the will ... Dave w74 23:28, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

 * It reads much better, thanks! I agree it would be nice to expand on this.  Proud Mother 07:02, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

VoiceXML browser download links
I have not edited this page before. I see you said you were getting a lot of link spamming. That is obviously unwanted.

Do you think it would be useful/worthwhile/fair/appropriate to provide links to companies offering a download of a commercial VoiceXML browser?

I work for a VoiceXML company, and we have a page allowing users to register and then download an evaluation version of the software.

I think it might be nice, as it gives developers interested in VoiceXML an immediate way to start playing with a commercial VoiceXML browser.
 * Thanks for your suggestion. Please read WP:EL, particularly sections regarding links to sites you own/manage, links requiring registration, links to commercial websites, etc.  It points out what should and should not be linked.  Short answer is no, this type of link is not appropriate for the reasons listed in the guidelines.  It would be better to add your site to the  dmoz which is the more appropriate directory (WP is not a directory).  As a note, you should sign your messages here using 4 tildes. Calltech 13:03, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

OK I will put it in DMOZ 87.198.5.178 18:35, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

VoiceXML Developers Guide
I would like to propose adding an external link to vxml.org (VoiceXML Developers Guide). The site include tutorials, sample code, and a VoiceXML language reference and I have found it to be quite helpful as I worked to learn VoiceXML. The site helps developers learn how to use VoiceXML on any platform that supports the VoiceXML 2.x standard. Where required, some lessons do make use of Voxeo's free VoiceXML platform hosting or download. Most of the content is platform neutral however, and is regularly annotated by many other VoiceXML developers. Thoughts?

 * Thanks for the suggestion. However, to maintain neutrality, WP recommends against links to commercial websites WP:EL.  WP is not a directory of links WP:NOT.  It would be better to place your link on DMOZ as suggested by WP and mentioned above to another user.  Calltech 14:11, 21 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Visionik, please sign your posts by placing 4 tildes (~) at the end of your comments here. Calltech 14:16, 21 December 2006 (UTC)

Spoken Wikipedia audio recording
I have uploaded an audio recording of this article for the Spoken Wikipedia project. Please let me know if I've made any mistakes. Thanks. --Mangst (talk) 21:46, 24 October 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:VoiceXML


text:
User:Bwnelson

Cockz.

title: User:Bwnelson


text: User talk:70.33.105.112

title: User talk:70.33.105.112


text:
Toshio Iwai

Toshio Iwai (岩井 俊雄) is a Japanese interactive media and installation artist who has also created a number of commercial video games. In addition he has worked in television, music performance, museum design and digital musical instrument design.

Education and early work
Iwai was born in 1962 in Kira, Aichi, Japan. As a child, he spent time creating flip book-style animations in the corner of text books and making motor-driven mechanical toys, since these were the only technologies available to him. In 1981 Iwai matriculated in the Fine Arts Department at the University of Tsukuba, studying Plastic Art and Mixed Media. Influenced by the work of Norman McLaren, he began producing installation art that combined pre-cinema animation techniques (the phenakistoscope and the zoetrope) with modern methods of image capture and creation (photocopiers, video cameras and computer graphics) and of stroboscopic lighting (video monitors, video projectors and LEDs). His 1985 installation Time Stratum won the Gold prize at the High Technology Art Exhibition '85, held in Shibuya Seibu, Tokyo. Time Stratum II was awarded the Grand Prize at the 17th Contemporary Japanese Art Exhibition, Meguro Art Museum, Tokyo. In 1987 Iwai graduated from the University of Tsukuba with a master's degree in Plastic Art and Mixed Media. In the same year, Iwai designed his first published videogame, Otocky, in association with ASCII Corporation.

In 1991-92 Iwai was an Artist-in-Residence at the Exploratorium in San Francisco, California, where he created two exhibits that are now part of the museum's permanent collection, Well of Lights (1992) and Music Insects (1992). Music Insects became the foundation for his unpublished video game Sound Fantasy.

This period of work culminated in Another Time, Another Space (1993), an interactive installation devised for Antwerp Centraal Station, Belgium. The installation used 15 video cameras to capture live images of visitors to the station; 30 computers manipulated the video feeds output to 30 video monitors in real-time, introducing visual effects such as time-lapse delays, slow-motion effects and time compression.

Later installation work
From 1994 to 1995 Iwai was an Artist-in-Residence at the ZKM (Center for Art and Media) in Karlsruhe, Germany. Around this time his work became increasingly focused on the relationship between sound and image, using interactivity, gestural interface and generative, interactive and aleatoric music. These interests are expressed in three key installation works, Resonance of 4, Piano - As Image Media and Composition on the Table.

Resonance of 4 (1994) is a collaborative music-creation artwork consisting of four adjacent stations, each comprising a small podium bearing a computer mouse, a 16-by-16 grid projected onto the floor from a video projector above, and a cursor connected to the mouse. Dots can be placed in each of the grid's cells by clicking with the mouse. A synchronized bar sweeps across all the grids simultaneously, triggering musical notes wherever a dot has been placed. Sound is relayed over a loudspeaker system, and the notes from all four stations are superimposed, although each station has its own musical tone. This work was shown at the Serious Games exhibition at the Laing Art Gallery, Newcastle in 1996 and 1997 and at the Barbican Arts Centre, London in 1997.

In Piano - As Image Media (1995), audience members operate a trackball to draw lighted dots on a grid projected onto a sheet of fabric that leads to the keyboard of a small grand piano. The dots move towards the piano keyboard, and as they come close to it they accelerate and strike a key. The piano, controlled by a computer, plays the note corresponding to the 'struck' key, and at the same time, a computer-generated graphical figure appears on another sheet of fabric suspended above the piano, appearing to fly out of the piano and up into the air. This work, along with Composition on the Table, was shown in the Play Zone at the Millennium Dome in London, 1999–2000. It was also one of the works used in Iwai's performance collaboration with Ryuichi Sakamoto, Music Plays Images x Images Play Music.

Composition on the Table (1998/99) comprises four white tables bearing physical interface components: switches, dials, and turntables. Computer graphics images are projected onto the tables from ceiling-mounted video projectors, and loudspeakers are present. As the audience manipulates the interface elements, graphical and audio changes take place in a way that is intimately connected to the audience's input. The objective of this work was to create a mixed reality environment where multiple participants could create visuals and music together. Elements of this work are recognizable in Iwai's Nintendo DS videogame Electroplankton. The piece was presented as part of the Art Gallery at SIGGRAPH'99, Los Angeles.

From 1996 to 1998 Iwai was the first Artist in Residence at IAMAS in Ōgaki, Japan. In 1997 he had a major retrospective exhibition at the NTT InterCommunication Center in Tokyo. From 1998 to 2001 he was Artist in Residence at Mixed Reality Systems Laboratory in Yokohama, Japan.

Video games
Iwai is the first internationally recognized gallery artist also to have led the creation of several successful commercial video game projects. This cross-disciplinary ability typifies Iwai's career.

Iwai's first game was the musical shoot 'em up Otocky (1987), produced in association with ASCII Corporation for the Famicom Disk System, an add-on for the NES available only in Japan. The game is notable for being the first to include creative/procedural generative music. Through association with different game mechanics and player actions, the game plays quantized-in-time musical notes in a variety of digitally synthesized voices. Otocky is a precursor of Rez, Tetsuya Mizuguchi's 2002 Dreamcast and PlayStation 2 game exploring similar themes of player action and musical evolution.

Later, leveraging work done on the 1993 installation art project Music Insects at San Francisco's Exploratorium, Iwai created another sound-based game in 1994 for the Super Famicom system called Sound Fantasy. In the game animated insects traverse a grid containing colored dots. As the insects pass over the dots, musical scales, sounds, and graphical effects are triggered. The player can select colors from a palette and paint on the grid, triggering new results and changing the insects' direction, improvising a visual music performance. However, the game's release was cancelled and it was eventually converted into the PC title SimTunes, published by Maxis, a division of Electronic Arts.

In 2000, Iwai worked to publish Bikkuri Mouse (びっくりマウス), a collaborative drawing game that became the PlayStation 2's first mouse-compatible title. This was followed in 2001 by the limited-edition release of a simple step sequencer, Tenori-on (テノリオン), for the WonderSwan. This non-game would be the precursor to the more advanced 2005 version released together with Yamaha.

Iwai's acclaimed Electroplankton for the Nintendo DS was released in Japan in 2005 and in Europe and North America in 2006. A suite of ten different interactive music and audio toys themed around cartoon plankton and using the novel touchscreen and microphone interface features of the Nintendo DS, Electroplankton draws heavily on Iwai's earlier work, including Composition on the Table.

Games designed by Toshio Iwai

 * Otocky (1987; Famicom Disk System)
 * Sound Fantasy (canceled; Super Famicom)
 * SimTunes (1996, PC)
 * Bikkuri Mouse (びっくりマウス) (2000, PlayStation 2)
 * Tenori-on (テノリオン) (2001, WonderSwan)
 * Electroplankton (2005, Nintendo DS)

Television
In 1990 Iwai's solo show Machine for Trinity exhibited at the Laforet Museum in Tokyo; some of the works shown there demonstrated that computer graphics could be generated and combined in real-time with live action images. The TV director Shinji Fukuhara visited the exhibition and shortly afterward contracted Iwai to create concepts and a virtual set for a weekly half-hour science news show Einstein TV (Fuji TV, 1990–91). Created on the Amiga, the virtual set included GUI-like pop-up menus.

This led to more work with Fuji TV the following year in the development of the daily interactive children's show Ugo Ugo Lhuga (1992–94). Influenced by Pee-wee's Playhouse, which Iwai had seen during his tenure at the Exploratorium in the United States, the show was imaginative and irreverent and featured talking TVs, a tomato that gave advice to call-in guests, a robot named Robot that asked riddles and broke down when given silly answers, anthropomorphic faeces named Professor Poo Poo, and a cubo-surrealist artist named Surr. Ugo Ugo Lhuga is 'go-go girls' anagrammed in Japanese.

A central concept of the show was that two live-action main characters would appear to interact with the sets and characters of a virtual world. Instead of generating the virtual characters first and orchestrating the actions of the live-action cast to fit pre-rendered imagery, the characters were generated and composited in real-time with minimal post-production. At first the shows were pre-recorded, but after the first six months cast and crew were confident enough to perform live.

To enhance the live-broadcast appeal of the show, Iwai helped devise a call-in sumo match. Children from across Japan sent in drawings of sumo wrestlers on postcards, which Iwai scanned. During the program the audience called in and, watching their televisions at home, shouted into the telephone; the louder they shouted the stronger their sumo wrestler became, finally pushing the opposing wrestler out of the dohyō.

Performances and public lectures
In 1996 and 1997, Iwai collaborated with musician and composer Ryuichi Sakamoto to create the multimedia stage performance Music Plays Images x Images Play Music. The performance included use of Iwai's installation Piano - As Image Media and a version of Resonance of 4 adapted to use a chessboard-like interface.

In June 2004, Iwai gave a prestigious invited public lecture at the 4th International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression, held in Hamamatsu, Japan.

Museum design
Created during his time as an Artist-in-Residence at the Exploratorium in San Francisco, California, Iwai's works Well of Lights (1992) and Music Insects (1992) are part of the Exploratorium's permanent collection.

Iwai contributed to the construction of the Bouncing Totoro 3-dimensional zoetrope at the Ghibli Museum in Mitaka, Tokyo. He helped conceive an LED strobe device to be used in place of conventional strobe lights, softening the lighting as a result. He also made a layout plan for the positioning of the figures using a computer.

Digital musical instrument design
A current project of Iwai's, in collaboration with Yamaha Corporation, is the creation of a new interactive digital musical instrument. Called Tenori-on, the instrument is a sixteen-by-sixteen array of illuminated LED switches which can be activated in a variety of ways to create a changing musical soundscape.

Tenori-on was showcased throughout its development through stage and conference performances. It went on sale in the United Kingdom on 4 September 2007.

Influences and connections

 * Norman McLaren
 * Thomas Wilfred's Lumia
 * Visual music
 * Color organ
 * Mary Hallock-Greenewalt
 * Oskar Fischinger
 * Aleatoric music
 * Generative music
 * Brian Eno
 * Interactive music
 * Conway's game of life
 * Pong
 * Open-ended Gameplay
 * Will Wright

Quotes
"I've been longing for the feeling of my childhood in the digital world and that is why I've been sticking to relations among media, machine(s), and people through interactive works."

"All of his work is sincere, and all consists of equal doses of seriousness and play, pathos and humor, intricacy and simplicity." - Azby Brown

Notable works
Installations
 * Time Stratum IV 1990
 * Another Time, Another Space NHK version 1994
 * Resonance of 4 1994
 * Piano - As Image Media 1995
 * Composition on the Table 1998/99
 * Shanghai World Financial Center, Observation Deck 2008

Permanent Exhibits
 * Well of Lights Exploratorium, 1992
 * Music Insects Exploratorium, 1992
 * Another Time, Another Space, National Museum of Photography, Film and Television (now the National Media Museum), Bradford, UK 1999

Videogames
 * Otocky 1986
 * SimTunes 1996
 * Electroplankton 2005

Television
 * Einstein TV 1990-91
 * Ugo Ugo Lhuga 1992-94

Performance
 * Music Plays Images x Images Play Music 1996-97

Digital Musical Instrument Design
 * Tenori-on

Books, magazines and printed matters
 * Artist, Designer and Director SCAN (Rikuyosha, 2000)
 * 100 Floors House (Kaiseisha, 2008)
 * Docchiga!? Books (Books KInokuniya, 2006)

Others
 * Docchi Ga Hen?' poster (Tokyu Railways, 2007–2008)

title: Toshio Iwai


text:
Talk:New Jersey Route 139

Note
If anyone's wondering about the whole 1&9 -> 139 thing, here's an email I got from NJDOT some time ago (in or before 1998): Route 139 was a new number assigned to the upper and lower levels of what was once Route U.S. 1&9 Business. It is a short route, which did not comply with the criteria for a U.S.-numbered business route. We sought to assign a three-digit number. Under the U.S. numbering system, odd first digits denote spurs (even are loops). There was no other greater rationale than that we essentially replaced the ampersand in 1&9 with a similar-looking digit *3". For your information, we continue to carry suffixes of *U* and *L* to distinguish the upper and lower roadways of the alignment. —Preceding unsigned comment added by SPUI (talk • contribs)

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Talk:Panzer Lehr Division

Article
User:Ansbachdragoner, I'm happy to see someone interested in writing articles about the German WWII order of battle, but please... B.Bryant 05:17, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Remember this is an English language encyclopedia, so try to use English language conventions when referring to German stuff, when possible.
 * Also, try to stick to the convention of prefixing the names of articles about German military units with "German_". (It's not my convention, and I didn't like it at first, but I see that it's necessary for lots of units, and consistency seems to be the best policy even where it isn't strictly necessary.)
 * If you can't resist the urge to replace an existing article with your own variant, please have the courtesy to take along the see-alsos, references, and categories that someone has invested the trouble to create in the original article.

Firstly thankyou and i look forward to contributing more articles on WWI German OOB

1. I agree wikipedia is an english language encyclopedia, however there are many terms which (IMO and by popular convention) should be left in German. To refer to 3rd Panzer as 3rd German Tank Division or Panzer Lehr as German Tank Training Division creates added confusion. I have used german names for army groups, Corps and ranks (General officer ranks, this is necessay as they do not translate into the British / American ranks table). Where possible, I have created a link from the german name to the meaning (See the term 'Jabo' in the Lehr article.

On another note, to refer to PzLehr as Panzer Division Lehr is incorrect. Lehr was not a granted title, like Grossdeutschland or Kurmark, but a description of the status of the formation.

2. Agreed. Will move article from Panzer Lehr Division to German Panzer-Lehr-Division and create a redirect.

3. Apologies for that, but the Lehr article (as with most of my new articles on here) is a work in progress. I had kept your see alsos / refs etc, and now the article is complete these have been posted.

Also, i've noticed that you are the main author of the German OOB titles. I'm planning on entering unit histories (As in GD, BBrg, PzLhr, SSTK etc) on several other divisions, probably beginning with 116.Windhund Panzer. Any suggestions etc will be most appreciated. Best Ansbachdragoner--Ansbachdragoner 00:54, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Hi. FYI, I just created a draft Naming conventions (military units), which I hope you'll look at and join the discussion on. (Notice that my recent stubs don't actually conform to it — it was the headaches I've encountered in generating the stubs, and feedback like the above, that convinced me we need some sort of guidelines. Once we get a consensus on the guidelines I'll try to go back through them and bring them up to spec.) — B.Bryant 00:25, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Lehr = demonstration?!
Does "Lehr" really mean demonstration? As a native German speaker I have to admit I've never heard it, only as a form of "lehren" (to teach) or the like. --84.61.197.40 15:42, 6 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I've been in a Lehr unit, and it's all about demonstrations. I'm not sure whether and how to translate it, but 'Demonstration Unit' is a good explanation.
 * I'd translate it as 'Instruction Unit', demonstration to me has a different meaning (show), iirc the Lehr units were originally instruction units for non comissionned officers.--Caranorn 21:38, 1 October 2006 (UTC)
 * 'Lehr' actually means training in military terms, so a Panzerlehrdivision would be a division where recruits are trained in the use of tanks. 'Demonstration' definitely is the wrong word. Ulsterman 13:12, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

 * The Panzer Lehr was formed with personnel drawn from the instructors and other staff at the tank training schools. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.148.220.121 (talk) 18:09, 13 June 2015 (UTC)

The Article Title
is German really needed in the title of the article, German Panzer Lehr Division? was there another Panzer Lehr division from another country, e.g was their a French Panzer Lehr division? if so I've never heard of it. German is an unneeded modifying adjective, as I've always just heard Panzer Lehr.

--Jadger 23:21, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

Panzerlehrdivision
The German word is Panzerlehrdivision, no dashes or gaps. Could someone logged in please move the article accordingly. (Though I'm sure that someone will point out that this is the English Wikipedia and different rules apply. Nevermind that it's ridiculously stupid to hack up perfectly correct German words only to match English grammar. Make up your mind, either use the German word or translate it.)

 * Actually Panzer-Lehr-Division is also used (Tessin for instance).--Caranorn 21:37, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

Should I add reference to videogames?
I just finished a game call Company of Heroes, this divison was featured as the main opponent of the game and is the main driving force behind the game's story. The game mainly featued this unit in action during Operation Cobra and also in a smaller extent Battle of Cherbourg and the closing of the Falaise pocket. Should I include this reference under the header Dramatization? Jim101 22:26, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

Targeted by Allies?
The text says, "Its great weakness was that it concentrated the cream of Germany's tank commanders/instructors in a single unit thus making it a primary target for destruction in terms of Allied strategy". I don't believe that was the case. It was "targetted" if that's the current phrase, because it was a powerful armored formation, not for this reason. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Antarctica moon (talk • contribs) 08:46, 25 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Agreed, I just edited that bit out. They were targeted the same way as every other enemy formation. DMorpheus (talk) 18:03, 4 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:PanzerGren - PzLehr.jpg
Image:PanzerGren - PzLehr.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 14:56, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Dropped to start
Since this article has no citations I've changed its status to start. Sturmvogel 66 (talk) 12:21, 4 May 2009 (UTC)

Article name
Hi all

I have read through the various discussions above and would like to raise the issue that the article be moved back to ‘Panzer Lehr Division’ as oppose to ‘Panzerlehrdivision’.

I recognise that in German the correct name is ‘Panzerlehrdivision’ however this is the not the term what appears to be most commonly used in the English language, plus this is the English wiki. Naming conventions (use English) would appear to support this issue and top of which we have not used the German language for other divisions i.e. 1.Panzerdivision when an English alternative is available i.e. 1st Panzer Division.

I have consulted the various sources that I have access to that, and will route through some more later, however the common name in use by English sources is ‘Panzer Lehr Division’.

I consulted 19 sources; the results of which are:

Those calling the division: Panzer-Lehr-Division (4) (in the order I checked):

Hubert Meyer, Kurt Meyer, Daniel Taylor, Ludovic Fortin.

Those calling the division: Panzer Lehr Division (15) (in the order I checked):

Carlo D'Este, Patrick Delaforce, Major Ellis, John Buckley, Colonel Stacey, Simon Trew and Stephen Badsey, Lloyd Clark, Anthony Beevor, Chester Wilmot, Stephen Ashley Hart, Ken Ford, George Forty, Michael Reynolds, Helmut Ritgen.--EnigmaMcmxc (talk) 13:56, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Support
 * To Enigma's list I can add Lucas and Barker (The Killing Ground), Max Hastings (Overlord), Major General David Belechem (Victory in Normandy) and Hart, Hart & Hughes (The German Soldier) for Panzer Lehr Division. Lefevre (Panzers in Normandy, Then and Now) uses Panzer Lehr Regiment (but puts Panzer Lehr Division in brackets behind it, and then uses that half of the time!).  I'd also mention that most of these sources suggest Lehr means demonstration and not teach, as the lede suggests. Cheers Ranger Steve (talk) 17:19, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the additional sources Steve; i also concur (but will check at a later date) that from the sources i have seen, Lehr has always translated into demonstration; I don’t know how good www.freentranslation.com is, but that translates lehr into apprenticeship not teech but i would stick with the sources anyday of the week.

 * Expending my sources I can also add to the list for sources using the term “Panzer Lehr Division”/”Panzer Lehr”:
 * Stephen A Hart (not sure if it’s the same as Stephen Ashley Hart but it is a different source), David French, another book by Michael Reynolds, Ken Tout, Ken Ford (different source), Richard Holmes, Cornelius Ryan, Hastings (Armageddon), Lt-Colonel Jackson, Major Randel, Ronald Gill

 * Heinz Guderian (Panzer Leader, where he notes that this was the Panzer Demonstration Division) uses the term "Panzer-Lehr" while Brian Reid uses “Panzerlehr Division” bringing a 4th alternative into play. Note: A reproduction German Intel map, presented in Richard Holmes work, from 3 July 1944 simply calls the division “Pz.L.”

 * That brings the totals to:
 * Panzer Lehr Division/variants: 31 sources
 * Panzer-Lehr-Division/variants: 5
 * Panzerlehr Division/variants: 1
 * Panzerlehrdivision: 0 --EnigmaMcmxc (talk) 20:05, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Support Panzer Lehr Division per WP:NAME ("Article names should be recognizable to readers, unambiguous, and consistent with usage in reliable English-language sources") and the above. EyeSerene talk 23:22, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Support this is a quick move definitely as in German the correct name is actually not ‘Panzerlehrdivision’ but the correct unit designation in the Wehrmacht was Panzer-Lehr-Division! All books in Germany carry that name: i.e.
 * Die Geschichte der Panzer-Lehr-Division im Westen 1944 - 1945 - Helmut Ritgen, Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1979, 360 Seiten
 * Panzer-Lehr-Division. Die größte dt. Panzer-Division und ihre Aufgabe: die Invasion zerschlagen, die Ardennenschlacht entscheiden. - Franz Kurowski, Podzun, Bad Nauheim 1964, 222 Seiten
 * Also the German Federal archive names the division as Panzer-Lehr-Division
 * therefore whatever the name of this article will be in the end - Panzerlehrdivision is factually wrong and needs to be changed! as it is neither common use in English nor correct in German! --noclador (talk) 03:57, 11 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Wow i was not expecting that one; thanks for the German sources!--EnigmaMcmxc (talk) 09:18, 11 December 2009 (UTC)

Move to ???
I am ready to be bold- with one question remaining: Shall I move it to Panzer-Lehr-Division or Panzer Lehr Division? The first one is the correct German name of the unit and I favor it over the second variant. If there are no objections I plan to move the article to Panzer-Lehr-Division within the next 24 hours. --noclador (talk) 13:43, 11 December 2009 (UTC)

 * I just checked German sources about the division:
 * a book by a member of the unit uses the name "Panzer-Lehr-Division"
 * Bundesarchiv uses the Panzer-Lehr-Division variant
 * a Bundesarchiv list of all Panzer Divisions uses Panzer-Lehr-Division
 * Der Spiegel uses Panzer-Lehr-Division
 * also Der Spiegel edition 50 years after D-Day uses Panzer-Lehr-Division and cites a message by Gerd von Rundstedt: "Es sind dies die 12. SS-Panzerdivision und die Panzer-Lehr-Division."
 * www.wehrmachtdivisionen.de uses Panzer-Lehr-Division (it is a extraordinarily well sourced database for researchers into the history of the German WWII divisions (see "Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis") at www.wehrmachtdivisionen.de for a full list of the sources)
 * The German newspaper Die Zeit uses Panzer-Lehr-Division
 * the Internationale Biographische Archiv (International Biography Archive) uses Panzer-Lehr-Division
 * Conclusion: I'm moving now! as there is no doubt left that the correct name is Panzer-Lehr-Division! --noclador (talk) 14:23, 11 December 2009 (UTC)

 * I'd have preferred if you'd waited noclador, I'm not sure it's the best name to use. Panzer Lehr Division seems to be the overwhelming majority in English language sources, and I think, per WP:UE we should go with those.  It's like using Spain instead of Espana, but I'll wait for other opinions. Ranger Steve (talk) 15:45, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Hi Steve, I did not want to wait to move as the earlier name was clearly wrong and to me the difference between Panzer Lehr Division and Panzer-Lehr-Division is marginal - it comes down to 2 "-". I think in such an instant it is better to go with the units official name. --noclador (talk) 15:58, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Fair enough, but I'd request that you stop editing every use of the Division's name in other articles and wait for a consensus here first. It's easy enough to change this articles name again, but time consuming to go through and change all of the other articles once more.  There is a very clear majority here, something you didn't seem to realise when you made your request at WP:RM. Ranger Steve (talk) 17:17, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I think you jumped the gun on this a bit, Noclador :) "Panzer Lehr Division" is, I think, better; per WP:NAME we should go with what's in most common usage in ''English language sources".  EyeSerene talk 08:44, 14 December 2009 (UTC)

Sorry, I did not think it made such a big difference if the name is written with 2 "-" or two "spaces". Especially since all the German sources I found stick with the name Panzer-Lehr-Division (which as an "honorific unit name" shouldn't be changed I think). I think we all agree that the original name Panzerlehrdivision was wrong and needed to be changed. Therefore now the question is to choose between Panzer-Lehr-Division- the correct name in German- or the most commonly used name variant in English Panzer Lehr Division; and also if the difference between the two variants is big enough to warrant another move. As for me: I rather go with Panzer-Lehr-Division, as this is the correct name in German. But I really wish to know User:EnigmaMcmxc opinion on this matter as he actually got the debate going and thus was the first to spot the error in the old spelling of the name, --noclador (talk) 21:51, 14 December 2009 (UTC)

 * No need to apologise noclador I'm sure you were acting in good faith - just wish you'd stuck to the 24hr idea you suggested. This article name had been wrong for some time, so I'm sure an extra day wouldn't have hurt!  Personally I prefer Panzer Lehr Division over Panzer-Lehr-Division, I think its a bit more aesthetically easy on the eye, not to mention easier to type (less thinking required for a space).  Plus, as I said above, I think given that this is English wiki, we should reflect English sources.  As well as the Spain example above, people who read about the division in a book might expect to see the same style of name used here.  It's good to maintain consistency with sources outside of the wiki.  I do understand your thoughts on the German name; personally, outside of Wiki, I think we speakers of the English language should be more accommodating of other people's 'foreign language names' I have several foreign friends, but I  don't adapt their name to the English equivalent in the same way we adapt country names!  But, this is wiki and the general rule is that we go with English language versions.... Ranger Steve (talk) 22:55, 14 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes, no need to apologise - we're all trying to improve the 'pedia, so harm no foul :) However, I agree with Steve. I think Panzer-Lehr-Division is probably a compromise attempt in English to concatenate the words as they would be in grammatically correct German, but it looks odd to native English speakers as we don't usually hyphenate words that way. As I said, I think the preponderance of English-language sources support the no hyphens version, but of course we can wait for more opinions. I'll drop a note on the milhist talkpage so we can get a wider spread of viewpoints. EyeSerene talk 08:37, 15 December 2009 (UTC)

 * I agree with EyeSerene and Ranger Steve, spaces instead of dashes would be preferable for the reasons already mentioned. Hohum (talk) 19:52, 15 December 2009 (UTC)

Note, Panzer-Lehr-Division is neither a honorific nor a name, it's a type (another example would be the ephemeral Grenadier-Lehr-Division). That is to say Lehr was a unique formation without name or number.--Caranorn (talk) 17:11, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

Hi all, sorry about the wait ive been having a bit of a semi-break. Am not to fussed over which variant is used; Panzer Lehr or Panzer-Lehr as long as it is not the a-historical Panzerlehr. However i do feel that we have to go with the guidelines and the most common English form of the word appears to be Panzer Lehr.--EnigmaMcmxc (talk) 17:07, 20 December 2009 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moved Ranger Steve (talk) 19:52, 12 January 2010 (UTC)

Panzer-Lehr-Division → Panzer Lehr Division — As per the reasons above. I imagine this is a fairly uncontroversial move, but as per the instructions at WP:RM this is the correct way to go about changing it. Ranger Steve (talk) 15:39, 5 January 2010 (UTC)

Survey

 * Feel free to state your position on the renaming proposal by beginning a new line in this section with  or  , then sign your comment with  . Since polling is not a substitute for discussion, please explain your reasons, taking into account Wikipedia's naming conventions.

 * Support as per nom and wiki naming conventionsRanger Steve (talk) 15:40, 5 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Support per all of the above--EnigmaMcmxc (talk) 17:43, 5 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Support per normal English common naming procedure. Hohum (talk) 20:21, 5 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Aye EyeSerene talk 21:37, 5 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Suppport what a weird way to write it, why was it placed with multiple dashes in the first place? 76.66.197.17 (talk) 04:23, 6 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Neutral The move from Panzerlehrdivision to Panzer-Lehr-Division was done by me, as Panzer-Lehr-Division (with multiple dashes) is the factual name in German - as for the current move request I am neutral as both Panzer-Lehr-Division and Panzer Lehr Division are fine with me. --noclador (talk) 04:59, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Panzer Lehr Division
The operation was not called Wacht Am Rhein. Wacht Am Rhein is a cover name for the build up portion of the operation designed to disguise the purpose of the German build up. The actual name of the execution portion of the offensive was Herbstnebel (roughly translated Autumn Mist).

Re: discussion on German words. Is it Wikipedia's focus to be a 6th grader's research tool? If not, then let the German words stand and provide translation as a courtesy. Serious non-professional, researchers encounter rafts of German words and often encounter exact quotes from the participants in their original deutsch (German). Some of us bother to learn some deutsch. Also, many of those words and phrases (e.g. Blitzkrieg) are not English, yet are common knowledge. Please don't dumb down the article to the lowest common denominator.

Panzerlehrdivision? I've never seen it written this way in my forty some years of interest. Why wasn't this suggestion ignored out of hand and so much time spent documenting the obvious? If I change the word, THE to TEH in an edit. Does everyone then have to go consult fifty different dictionaries to change it back?

Papa greystoke (talk) 01:02, 19 April 2011 (UTC)

Graf Strachwitz?
In a few minutes of research I could not find any reference other than the English and German Wikipedia articles on the Panzer Lehr Division themselves that mentions Graf Strachwitz ever having commanded Panzer Lehr. Neither of the articles on Strachwitz or Bayerlein make any mention of Bayerlein having relinquished his command on 7 or 8 June 1944 (a day after D-day!). Samuel W. Mitcham, "The Panzer Legions: A Guide to the German Army Tank Divisions of World War II" has Bayerlein commanding from 10 Feb 1944 to 5 Jan 1945, with Gerhardt and von Hauser as Acting Commanders from 23 Aug to 8 Sep (supposedly even Knight's Cross holders needed a break every now and then!). Mitcham hedges his account with the weasel words "Commanders included ...", but seems in line with any other source I could find on the German and English speaking web,

I am not going to edit the main article, but could someone please look into this.

81.179.10.85 (talk) 11:16, 4 October 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Panzer Lehr Division


text:
Clearing House Electronic Subregister System

The Australian Clearing House Electronic Subregister System (commonly abbreviated to CHESS) is an electronic book entry register of holdings of approved securities that facilitates the transfer and settlement of share market transactions between CHESS participants (including stockbrokers on behalf of their clients, and large institutional investors on their own behalf) as well as speed up the registration of the transfer of securities. CHESS was developed by the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) and is managed by the ASX Settlement and Transfer Corporation (ASTC), a wholly owned subsidiary of ASX.

Under Australian corporate law, every company must maintain registers of security holders. Australian listed companies enter into a contractual arrangement with ASTC for ASTC to maintain a CHESS subregister, as agent for the issuer. The CHESS subregister is one of two subregisters that together make up the issuer’s register. Australian companies listed on the ASX are obliged to establish a CHESS subregister, and all equity securities are held through CHESS.

How the system works
The parties who are permitted to access CHESS are referred to as participants, who are either members of ASX (e.g., brokers) or are otherwise approved non-brokers. Each participant is allocated a unique participant code. A security holder on CHESS must be either a CHESS participant or be sponsored by one (e.g., a client of a broker). Sponsored uncertificated security holders are allocated a unique holder identifying code (HIN) in CHESS, which together with the participant's code provides the authority under which CHESS will allow a transfer of securities.

Only the designated controlling participant can initiate transactions on CHESS in relation to a holding. It is a criminal offence to effect an unauthorised transaction, whether the client suffers a loss or not; and a broker's client is entitled to compensation for loss suffered as a result of an unauthorised transaction. Failing to obtain compensation from the broker, the client is covered by the National Guarantee Fund for losses arising from any unauthorised transfer of shares by a broker.

Security holders who have uncertificated CHESS holdings, through a sponsorship agreement with a CHESS participant, will receive periodic holding statements directly from ASX Settlement Administration, while those who have Issuer Sponsored holdings will receive similar statements from the company registry. These statements provide a record of transfers, allotments, etc. for uncertificated holdings. Share certificates are not produced.

Transactions
When a trade takes place, settlement takes place two trading days (T+2) after the trade. On settlement day, the controlling participant initiates ASX Settlement transaction, and ASX Settlement invokes the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication's SWIFT FIN service, the service which sends financial information from one financial institution to another, to send an interbank request to the Reserve Bank Information and Transfer System (RITS). The message is regulated by Australian Payments Clearing Association (APCA) under the Regulations for High Value Clearing System Framework (CS4).

Based on the information provided by SWIFT FIN, RITS makes a final and irrevocable settlement by the simultaneous crediting and debiting the participants’ Exchange Settlement Accounts (ESAs) held at the Reserve Bank.

RITS notifies ASX Settlement of the transfer of the gross amount across ESAs, and ASX Settlement messages CHESS, which finalises the transaction at the participant level by recording the transfer of the shareholding on the CHESS subregister from one security holder to the other. It is then the responsibility of the issuing company to complete the administrative aspects of the transaction, such as notifying both parties of the change of shareholding, as well to ensure it has the details of the new security holder, such as bank details, address for communications, tax file number, etc.


text:
Obice da 210/22

The Obice da 210/22 modello 35 was an Italian heavy howitzer designed by the Italian Arms and Munitions Technical Service (STAM) and accepted into service by the Royal Italian Army in 1938. A total of 346 were ordered and the gun was produced by Ansaldo at their Pozzuoli factory. However production was slow and approximately 85 were produced by September 1943. After Italy surrendered Germany seized as many as they could and a factory in Northern Italy continued to produce a small number for the German Army. The carriage was split trail with four wheels which raised from the ground for firing and the gun was trunnioned under the breech to allow for maximum recoil and elevation.

Derivatives and designations

 * 21 cm 39.M: Hungarian designation for guns purchased from Italy.
 * 21 cm 40.M: Hungarian-produced version featuring carriage modifications.
 * 21 cm 41.M: Final Hungarian-produced version which entered production in 1943.
 * 21 cm Haubitze 520(i): German designation for guns captured after the Italian surrender in 1943 and kept in production until the end of the war.

title: Obice da 210/22


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aligned water theory

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was redirect. ugen 64 21:05, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Aligned water theory
ALigned + water + theory on google gets no hits, hoax, delete--nixie 05:21, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect Not a hoax but pseudo-science. This is the "theory" that water molecules can be aligned resulting in all sorts of magical things like homeopathy being possible. In this case, the article's author claims that Meridian_(TCM) are circuits of "Aligned water" that flow in the body. Redirect to Homeopathy. Klonimus 07:52, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I was about to agree, but got stuck trying to decide if it should redirect to Homeopathy or Meridian_(TCM). This article is more than a directionary definition, has a fair level of detail, and mentions a source but unfortunately does not cite it. On the whole I think it should be a redirect and merge with Meridian_(TCM). Oddly, a search on "aligned water" meridian yields only one hit and one on "aligned water" homeopathy yields none, making me wonder whether this theory has some other name. If it is invoked in contexts outside traditional Chinese medicine, I'd be incline to say keep, if the reference to Shui-Yin Lo is properly sourced. It needs some NPOV-tweaking. I think it's already fairly clear that the theory is not accepted by mainstream Western science or medicine, but this could be clearer. Dpbsmith (talk) 12:30, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm sure that there is some other more "scientific" name for the thoery the underlies homeopathy. Perhaps a small article could be writen that explains the alleged theory that liquid water molecules can be aligned to form super structures, and that this theory undlies homeopathy, and is a proposed mechanism for the existance and actions of Meridian_(TCM). "aligned water medicine" scores 0.95 megagoogles. With links to such gems as Klonimus 19:48, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * "Primordial M-Water™ is a Perfect Living Water concentrate that is imbued with super coherent life supporting primordial vibration and energy as well as super coherent molecular clustering. With Primordial M-Water™ there is an integration of advanced scientific theory and profound functional health benefits that go beyond limited medical mechanisms."
 * I only get 178 Google hits on the phrase "aligned water" and most are irrelevant. I only get 16 on "aligned water" medicine. What search exactly are you using? Dpbsmith (talk) 12:47, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The Shui-Yin Lo citation may refer to this: . Brona 01:38, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Uh...primordial vibration? Booyah!  I wanna take a bath in the stuff!!  Oh, and delete as tinfoil hattery unless the term can be better supported. - Lucky 6.9 04:34, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Uh, read the article. It's pseudoscience, but it does not say anything about primordial vibrations. That's Klonimus making a worthwhile effort to try to put it into pseudoscientific context.
 * The question to my mind is whether "aligned water theory" is a term in real use. I don't think it is and accordingly I'm voting for deletion. By the way, I don't think the concept is automatically utter bosh, as water molecules are very high polar and I'm sure I learned in chemistry class decades ago that they do cluster in some way, perhaps like "magnetic domains" in magnetic material. Water is not normally considered to be a "liquid crystal" but it may exhibit some kind of crystalline-like behavior. It's a looooooonnnnnng way from there to any explanation for acupuncture, but it's much more convincing pseudoscience than "primordial vibrations" are.
 * By the way... there's a 1950s story by Jack Finney, called, IIRC, "Such Interesting Neighbors." The narrator talks about his neighbors who the reader quickly recognizes as time-travellers from the future. He makes a living out of amazing "inventions." One that still sends a chill down my spine is one that he demonstrates to the narrator. It looks like a flashlight, but it measures distance. He pushes a button on it and a beam of light, in Finney's words "a special kind of light" comes out, and it reads off the distance in feet and inches. When asked how it works, the neighbor replies "On flashlight batteries." What gives me the creeps is that at the time I read it, I said to myself "A special kind of light? What nonsense!" I ask you, if someone had tried to describe lasers and coherent illumination light to you in the 1950s, wouldn't you have thought it was nonsense or pseudoscience? Dpbsmith (talk) 12:42, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

*Delete. The question to my mind is whether the phrase "aligned water theory" is a recognized term in the acupuncture and/or homeopathy community, and I don't think it is. I have merged the relevant material into Meridian_(TCM) and added a comment on the Talk page that preserves history for GFDL purposes, allowing this article to be deleted without violating GFDL. Dpbsmith (talk) 12:41, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) Changed vote, see below
 * I was only kidding about the bath part. Really. :) - Lucky 6.9 22:03, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Remember polywater? Whatever happened to polywater? (show preview... no redlink... click click) Ah, we have a very good article on it. Somebody should try re-running those cold fusion experiments using polywater!Dpbsmith (talk) 12:50, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to water memory, if this is the theory behind homeopathy and not a different branch of pseudoscience. Reading the article, it's kind of hard to tell. Shimmin 17:21, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, "water memory" is what I was trying to uh, remember. Works for me. Accordingly:
 * Redirect to water memory, add a brief mention there that a similar theory has been advanced to explain Meridian_(TCM), making sure to link to that article. Only a mention is needed as I have merged the current contents of Aligned water theory with Meridian_(TCM). Dpbsmith (talk) 19:48, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:143.200.225.151

title: User talk:143.200.225.151


text:
List of national lakeshores and seashores of the United States

The United States has ten protected areas known as national seashores and three known as national lakeshores, which are public lands operated by the National Park Service (NPS), an agency of the Department of the Interior. National seashores and lakeshores are coastal areas federally designated by Congress as being of natural and recreational significance as a preserved area. All of the national lakeshores are on Lakes Michigan and Superior, and nine of the ten national seashores are on the Atlantic Ocean, including two on the Gulf of Mexico. Point Reyes is the only national seashore on the Pacific coast. While all of these protected sites have extensive beaches for recreation, they extend inland to include other natural resources like wetlands and marshes, forests, lakes and lagoons, and dunes. Many also feature historic lighthouses and estates.

National seashores are located in ten states and national lakeshores are in two other states. Florida, North Carolina, and Michigan each have two. The largest national seashore or lakeshore is Gulf Islands, at over 137000 acre; the smallest is Fire Island, at 19579 acre. The total areas protected by national seashores and lakeshores are approximately 595000 acre and 214000 acre, respectively. These thirteen sites had a total visitation of 21.1 million people in 2017, led by Cape Cod at over 4 million visitors. The lakeshores and seashores have an emphasis on recreation, and most allow hunting and off-road vehicles, which is not permitted in national parks. Five seashores and lakeshores also include land more strictly protected as wilderness areas.

Shorelines, both on oceans and lakes, are particularly vulnerable to natural change. National seashores have experienced higher temperatures than in the past, with even hotter summers expected from the effects of climate change. All nine seashores on the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico feature low-lying barrier islands, which could be submerged by rising sea levels, and storm surges from severe hurricanes can disintegrate the beaches. Warmer temperatures at the Great Lakes may result in continued drop in water levels, with unclear effects on the shoreline. The Natural Resources Defense Council states that long-term planning for all sites must address erosion and visitor access.

History
The first federal protection of shoreline in the U.S. for public recreation purposes was in 1930, when Congress established "the principle of conserving the natural beauty of shore lines for recreational use" in northern Minnesota. With a push for job-creating conservation programs during the Great Depression, the National Park Service expanded its role in managing national parks and national monuments to protecting historic sites and recreation areas, including coastlines. Its work controlling erosion at North Carolina's Outer Banks led to it considering designation of Cape Hatteras, where not only beach-going but also fishing and hunting were already popular, as a national beach or national recreation area, but debate over the meaning of this status and how the land would be acquired by the NPS delayed action, as existing and expected development made it unsuitable for a national park. The 1936 Park, Parkway, and Recreational Area Study Act gave the Park Service a framework to designate and protect a wider variety of resources that included recreational land use. Congress authorized Cape Hatteras National Seashore in August 1937, and President Roosevelt signed the bill before visiting Roanoke Island. It was not established, however, until 1953 and dedicated in 1958 after permission to hunt was determined, the land was purchased and donated to the Park Service, and ongoing funding was authorized, but the process would serve as an example for how to create and manage similar dual-purpose sites.

A 1955 NPS survey of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts recommended sixteen areas that would be worthy of protection, five of which would become national seashores. Studies of the Great Lakes and Pacific coast also led to designations, including Pictured Rocks, authorized as the first national lakeshore in 1966. Funds from the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation and the Mission 66 program drove system expansion and land acquisition by the Park Service. Altogether thirteen further national seashores and lakeshores would be authorized and established, all in the 1960s and 1970s. The 1961 law authorizing Cape Cod National Seashore was the first to include appropriations for purchasing land; to prevent local opposition it limited removal of private property and established an advisory commission with local representation, an innovation used for others. The creation of Cape Cod recognized the importance of commitment to preserving entire areas threatened by development, even as philosophical questions of uniqueness, national importance, and protection of an urbanized area were raised. The national lakeshores, seashores, and riverways, although lacking recognizable monuments, would be rare coastal areas kept in more pristine condition. Their geologic features and biological significance of diverse plant life was also important for gaining federal protection.

The newest national lakeshore or seashore is Canaveral, established in 1975. There is one former national lakeshore, renamed Indiana Dunes National Park in 2019 in a bid to increase visibility and tourism to the area despite the Park Service's naming conventions. Other national parks that include coastal areas, such as Olympic and Acadia National Parks, emphasize conservation over recreation, though the enabling legislation for seashores and lakeshores vary in the degree to which the two are stressed.


text: User talk:68.97.16.1

title: User talk:68.97.16.1


text:
Talk:Doom painting

[Untitled]
Who painted it? What era? What does it look like? -- —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 69.234.185.170 (talk • contribs) 05:29, 13 April 2005.

Its not a specific painting, its a type of painting common in medieval churches. http://www.paintedchurch.org/doomcon.htm I'm not sure if the text there can be used, as I don't know its copyright status. Damburger 23:52, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

This seems a rather suspicious article... No citation at all. 76.179.150.59 07:14, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Doom paintings are ofen hard to read and very boring —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.19.2.60 (talk) 18:41, 14 January 2010 (UTC)

Title
The article is bady tiled; "Doom (painting)" implies a specific work, while the article describes a type. Any suggestions? Ceoil (talk) 19:14, 27 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Maybe just drop the parenthesis, so Doom painting? (which seems to have been the original title) Tom Harrison Talk 19:26, 27 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Moved to plural per . Ceoil (talk) 19:33, 27 August 2011 (UTC)

Well known examples
Tom, I'm not convinced that the thesis of the article works with the inclusion of works by the early neatherlandish or later artists. For one, its seems to have been a much earlier device, c 13th century, second the sources mention its use only in manuscripts and frescos in churches. Third, it seems to have been a delibrate ploy, not an enscapulating term for any work of art detailing the judgement. These artists had a far more sophisticated world view that that displayed by thoes pushing the doom paintings for their own narrow moral end. Ceoil (talk) 21:30, 27 August 2011 (UTC)
 * There may be something to what you say. I'd be fine with a 'see also' section, and only replaced that with the paragraph to please you. But I don't see the point of deliberately depriving the reader of links to similar works. One by Fra Angelico illustrates the article. Also, speaking of the thesis of the article, we might need a citation for "means of social control," which sounds a bit anachronistic. Tom Harrison Talk 21:49, 27 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Agree on both points. Im taken by the article, and sure that phrase "social control" is very 1977 punk rock. Im not up for much more editing tonight, lets leave it as it is and I do some more reading up. Ceoil (talk) 21:53, 27 August 2011 (UTC)
 * I have removed the phrase. I'm sure your trilled. Well done, great achivement today, you doggedly stuck to your guns from the Rogier article with no curiousity whatsoever as to the truth, with only small snipes here and there as pseud arguments. The small victories are the best ones, eh. Enjoy, you small minded know nothing prick. Or better yet, go back helping MONGO fight the wiki wars of 2006 and leave the art pages in peace. Ceoil (talk) 22:00, 27 August 2011 (UTC)

 * The term is a loose one, but I would agree that is rarely used to describe Early Netherlandish panel paintings, nor of course Michelangelo's work, even though these all clearly belong to the same tradition. It is not the standard term in art history for any image of the Last Judgement. Johnbod (talk) 15:30, 28 August 2011 (UTC)

 * Are the works by Fra Angelico and Lochner good choices for this article? Tom Harrison Talk 16:09, 28 August 2011 (UTC)
 * They wouldn't normally be called dooms, but do at least show the typical composition more clearly than the faded recovered English examples, so it's probably best to keep one at least. Johnbod (talk) 16:21, 28 August 2011 (UTC)

 * In Christian art under themes, one entry is The Last Judgment, which currently redirects here. I wonder if it would be an improvement to expand this article, keeping Doom paintings as a section, and renaming it The Last Judgment in art. Thoughts? Tom Harrison Talk 19:04, 28 August 2011 (UTC)
 * I would be willing to work on that. Ceoil (talk) 01:35, 4 September 2011 (UTC)
 * I think I would keep this as a separate article, but would happily contribute to The Last Judgment in art. Johnbod (talk) 02:18, 4 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Changed my mind on this; may as well keep it all together. Johnbod (talk) 12:23, 29 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Ok, I'll sketch someting up. I think it would be hard to build on the shaky foudations of this page and is better to start from scratch. Harrison, your welcome to join, but dont feel obliged. Ceoil (talk) 03:47, 4 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Sounds good. I'll follow the page and look in as I have time. Tom Harrison Talk 12:42, 4 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Dont feel as if you have to. I'd prefer if you preoccupied youself with other, resource draining, ill prepared FAC noms with MONGO, rather than annoying us. Ceoil (talk) 15:52, 4 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Ceoil, it doesn't look like you and I have any significant disagreement about this page; certainly nothing that can't be worked out by deferring to a third opinion or finding a citation or two. If there's a place to persue some grudge from the past, this isn't it. Tom Harrison Talk 16:33, 4 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Its not a past grudge Tom, I take people as I find them; you were very snide with me last weekend, across a few pages. I have a good enough antenna for people and you, euuf. it doesn't look like you and I have any significant disagreement about this page; well actually we do; remember you were trying to tag Michelangelo. Dont try and trick me and rewrite history. I dont think you are straight up, I dont trust you and I dont want to work with you. And the FAC, the way it played out and the aftermat was fortuitous confirmation. Fuck you. Ceoil (talk) 17:13, 4 September 2011 (UTC)

History
Why was the doom painting shown 86.4.160.168 (talk) 07:33, 26 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Doom painting


text: Category:Swedish economists

title: Category:Swedish economists


text:
Talk:Tom Duff

?
is this vanity? Kingturtle 05:31, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * No, it is not. Psychonaut 16:18, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

Photo?
A photo of Mr. Duff would improve the article. I met him during a previous epoch, when Unix was still cradled in the arms of Bell Labs, and he was a handsome gentleman then. Tom, you know all about this digital imagery stuff. Hold your face up to a Xerox machine. Snezzy 12:51, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Sure. Here's a moderately recent picture of me sitting unshaven in my office scowling at my son, who was playing with the camera.  At least I combed my hair.  Do whatever you want with it.  Tom Duff (talk) 05:53, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

Contact Form Broken?
I tried to use the contact form on your iq0.com web site and the mail bounced with: The Postfix program: cannot access mailbox /var/mail/td for user td. error writing, message: File too large. I'm interested in talking with you about BEFLIX and EXPLOR languages by Ken Knowlton. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Legalize (talk • contribs) 18:50, 6 December 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Tom Duff


text: Category:Swedish historians

title: Category:Swedish historians


text: User talk:130.102.0.178

title: User talk:130.102.0.178


text:
Branko Grünbaum

Branko Grünbaum (ברנקו גרונבאום; 2 October 1929 – 14 September 2018) was a Croatian-born mathematician of Jewish descent and a professor emeritus at the University of Washington in Seattle. He received his Ph.D. in 1957 from Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel.

Life
Grünbaum was born in Osijek, then part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, on 2 October 1929. His father was Jewish and his mother was Catholic, so during World War II the family survived the Holocaust by living at his Catholic grandmother's home. After the war, as a high school student, he met Zdenka Bienenstock, a Jew who had lived through the war hidden in a convent while the rest of her family were killed. Grünbaum became a student at the University of Zagreb, but grew disenchanted with the communist ideology of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, applied for emigration to Israel, and traveled with his family and Zdenka to Haifa in 1949.

In Israel, Grünbaum found a job in Tel Aviv, but in 1950 returned to the study of mathematics, at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He earned a master's degree in 1954 and in the same year married Zdenka, who continued as a master's student in chemistry. He served a tour of duty as an operations researcher in the Israeli Air Force beginning in 1955, and he and Zdenka had the first of their two sons in 1956. He completed his Ph.D. in 1957; his dissertation concerned convex geometry and was supervised by Aryeh Dvoretzky.

After finishing his military service in 1958, Grünbaum and his family came to the US so that Grünbaum could become a postdoctoral researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study. He then became a visiting researcher at the University of Washington in 1960. He agreed to return to Israel as a lecturer at the Hebrew University, but his plans were disrupted by the Israeli authorities determining that he was not a Jew (because his mother was not Jewish) and annulling his marriage; he and Zdenka remarried in Seattle before their return.

Grünbaum remained affiliated with the Hebrew University until 1966, taking long research visits to the University of Washington and in 1965–1966 to Michigan State University. However, during the Michigan visit, learning of another case similar to their marriage annulment, he and Zdenka decided to stay in the US instead of returning to Israel, where Zdenka was still a doctoral student in chemistry. Grünbaum was given a full professorship at the University of Washington in 1966, and he remained there until retiring in 2001.

Works
Grünbaum authored over 200 papers, mostly in discrete geometry, an area in which he is known for various classification theorems. He wrote on the theory of abstract polyhedra.

His paper on line arrangements may have inspired a paper by N. G. de Bruijn on quasiperiodic tilings (the most famous example of which is the Penrose tiling of the plane). This paper is also cited by the authors of a monograph on hyperplane arrangements as having inspired their research.

Grünbaum also devised a multi-set generalisation of Venn diagrams. He was an editor and a frequent contributor to Geombinatorics.

Grünbaum's classic monograph Convex Polytopes, first published in 1967, became the main textbook on the subject. His monograph Tilings and patterns, coauthored with G. C. Shephard, helped to rejuvenate interest in this classic field, and has proved popular with nonmathematical audiences, as well as with mathematicians.

In 1976 Grünbaum won a Lester R. Ford Award for his expository article Venn diagrams and independent families of sets. In 2004, Gil Kalai and Victor Klee edited a special issue of Discrete and Computational Geometry in his honor, the "Grünbaum Festschrift". In 2005, Grünbaum was awarded the Leroy P. Steele Prize for Mathematical Exposition from the American Mathematical Society. He was a Guggenheim Fellow, a Fellow of the AAAS and in 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society. Grünbaum supervised 19 Ph.D.s and currently has at least 200 mathematical descendants.

Books

 * . Reviews of Tilings and patterns:
 * . Reviews of Tilings and patterns:
 * . Reviews of Tilings and patterns:

title: Branko Grünbaum