text:
Eventual consistency

Eventual consistency is a consistency model used in distributed computing to achieve high availability that informally guarantees that, if no new updates are made to a given data item, eventually all accesses to that item will return the last updated value. Eventual consistency, also called optimistic replication, is widely deployed in distributed systems and has origins in early mobile computing projects. A system that has achieved eventual consistency is often said to have converged, or achieved replica convergence. Eventual consistency is a weak guarantee – most stronger models, like linearizability, are trivially eventually consistent.

Eventually-consistent services are often classified as providing BASE semantics (basically-available, soft-state, eventual consistency), in contrast to traditional ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability). In chemistry, a base is the opposite of an acid, which helps in remembering the acronym. According to the same resource, these are the rough definitions of each term in BASE:

 * Basically available: reading and writing operations are available as much as possible (using all nodes of a database cluster), but might not be consistent (the write might not persist after conflicts are reconciled, and the read might not get the latest write)
 * Soft-state: without consistency guarantees, after some amount of time, we only have some probability of knowing the state, since it might not yet have converged
 * Eventually consistent: If we execute some writes and then the system functions long enough, we can know the state of the data; any further reads of that data item will return the same value

Eventual consistency is sometimes criticized as increasing the complexity of distributed software applications. This is partly because eventual consistency is purely a liveness guarantee (reads eventually return the same value) and does not guarantee safety: an eventually consistent system can return any value before it converges.

Conflict resolution
In order to ensure replica convergence, a system must reconcile differences between multiple copies of distributed data. This consists of two parts:

 * exchanging versions or updates of data between servers (often known as anti-entropy); and
 * choosing an appropriate final state when concurrent updates have occurred, called reconciliation.

The most appropriate approach to reconciliation depends on the application. A widespread approach is "last writer wins". Another is to invoke a user-specified conflict handler. Timestamps and vector clocks are often used to detect concurrency between updates. Some people use "first writer wins" in situations where "last writer wins" is unacceptable.

Reconciliation of concurrent writes must occur sometime before the next read, and can be scheduled at different instants:

 * Read repair: The correction is done when a read finds an inconsistency. This slows down the read operation.
 * Write repair: The correction takes place during a write operation, slowing down the write operation.
 * Asynchronous repair: The correction is not part of a read or write operation.

Strong eventual consistency
Whereas eventual consistency is only a liveness guarantee (updates will be observed eventually), strong eventual consistency (SEC) adds the safety guarantee that any two nodes that have received the same (unordered) set of updates will be in the same state. If, furthermore, the system is monotonic, the application will never suffer rollbacks. A common approach to ensure SEC is conflict-free replicated data types.

title: Eventual consistency


text:
User talk:Mordur

Hi, im just trying to make Wikipedia better, please stop banning me for changing controversial articles
 * Changing "Guðrún Katrín was very popular in Iceland" to "Guðrún Katrín was somehow popular in Iceland" seems a little biased, don't you think? — flamingspinach | (talk) 01:11, 2005 Apr 18 (UTC)

Well, I belive she was not very popular as people like to think, she was more loved after her death than before it just like Kurt Cobain of Nirvana.
 * In that case, if you believe you have personal experience of the popularity of Guðrún Katrín in Iceland, by all means remove the "very". But when you add "somehow", it adds a kind of tone, which implies that you personally dislike her. Maybe the word you were looking for was "somewhat"? Also, hope you don't mind that I added a bullet structure to your comments, keeps things easier to read. :) — flamingspinach | (talk) 01:36, 2005 Apr 18 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page you will be blocked from editing.

I didn't vandalize anything. That is just pure bullshit.

Exactly what did I vandalize? I changed the "Nigger" entry because I belived my version was better.

Please read NPOV before making any more edits. silsor 01:35, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)

If you want quicker replies, you can talk to us on IRC: irc://irc.freenode.net/wikipedia  -- brian0918  ™  01:45, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Mordur


text:
Alto de l'Angliru

Alto de L'Angliru (L'Angliru; el Angliru) is a steep mountain road in Asturias, near La Vega-Riosa, in northern Spain. It is considered one of the most demanding climbs in professional road bicycle racing and is often used in the Vuelta a España stage race.

Origins
The organizers of the Vuelta a España wanted a mountain to rival the Alpe d'Huez and Mont Ventoux in the Tour de France and the Mortirolo Pass in the Giro d'Italia, which would go on in 2003 to add one of the world's most demanding climbs, the Zoncolan, in an attempt to compete with the new Spanish climb. The Angliru was first included in 1999, on stage eight from León. José María Jiménez won after catching Pavel Tonkov a kilometer from the finish.

Details
The top of the climb is 1573 m above sea level. The height difference is 1266 m. The climb is 12.5 km long, an average of 10.13%. It is near 24% at its steepest. The first 5 km are an average of 7.6%— stiff but not over-demanding for world-class cyclists. The sixth kilometre lessens to 2.1% and has a short descent. The last half of the climb is more severe. From six kilometres to the summit, it averages 13.1%. The steepest part, the Cueña les Cabres at 23.6%, is 3 km from the summit. There are two later ramps at 18% to 21% (sources vary).

Controversy
During stage 15 in 2002, riders climbed the Angliru in rain. Team cars stalled on the steepest part, some unable to restart because their tires slipped on messages painted by fans. Riders were caught behind them and others had to ride with flat tires because mechanics could not reach them. David Millar crashed three times and protested by handing in his race number a metre from the line. The judges ruled he had not finished the stage and he left the race. He regretted his temper – he had been ninth – and apologised to his team.

Opinions
The manager of the Kelme team, Vicente Belda, said: "What do they want? Blood? They ask us to stay clean and avoid doping and then they make the riders tackle this kind of barbarity." Patrice Halgand, a French rider, said the Union Cycliste Internationale had rules about the distance and frequency of races but not about hills. He said:

 * [The rules] haven't foreseen everything. The proof. I find it ridiculous to go looking for a hill on a narrow road, dangerous and winding, because it's not like that, that you change the way a race develops [Ce n'est pas cela qui va changer les données de la course]. There are other cols than the Angliru to climb in the Vuelta. Differences in the riders would show just as well on a pass that's less steep and on a wider road. It would also be better for spectacle, because on the Angliru the guys go too pitifully for the climb to have any sporting interest. Even the winner goes up in slow motion. There's no attacking. From front to rear, everyone just gets up as best he can.

The former climber Charly Mottet approved the climb. He said:

 * I saw the climb of the Angliru and I thought it was good for cycling. I watched on television and saw a superb race. I am for these difficulties out of the normal, these extreme gradients. The steepness doesn't shock me because there is always a solution in choosing the right gears. The organiser should give an idea of what's needed in the race bible. I would see it, as a former rider (and organiser of the Dauphiné Libéré) as my duty.

Stage winners and fastest ascent times
† Juan José Cobo is alternately recorded as having a time of 43:53, Roberto Heras is alternately recorded as having a time of 43:57

^ On 18 July 2019, the UCI confirmed the suspension of Cobo after being found guilty of an anti-doping violation on his biological passport between 2009 and 2011, stripping him of his stage win. Wout Poels, who finished second on the stage, was elevated to stage winner as a result.

title: Alto de l'Angliru


text:
May 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

May 13 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - May 15

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on May 27 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For May 14th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on May 1.

Saints

 * Martyr Maximus, under Decius (250)
 * Martyr Isidore of Chios (251)
 * Saints Alexander, Barbaras, and Acolythus (Acolouthus), martyred at the Church of St Irene (Holy Peace), near the sea in Constantinople
 * Martyrs Aristotle and Leandros
 * Hieromartyr Therapont, Bishop of Cyprus (3rd century)
 * Saint Boniface of Tarsus, martyr (307)
 * Venerable Serapion the Sindonite, monk of Egypt (5th century)

Pre-Schism Western saints

 * Martyrs Justa, Justina and Henedina, in Sardinia (c. 130)
 * Saint Pontius of Cimiez (Pons de Cimiez), martyred in Cimella (Cimiez) near Nice, whose relics gave his name to the town of Saint-Pons. (c. 258)
 * Saint Aprunculus (Apruncule), first bishop of Langres, later of Clermont, Gaul (c. 488)
 * Saint Boniface, Bishop of Ferentino in Tuscany (6th century)
 * Saint Carthage (Carthach Mochuda) the Younger, founder and first abbot of Lismore (637)
 * Saint Erembert, Bishop of Toulouse (657)
 * Saint Tuto (Totto), monk and Abbot of St Emmeram in Regensburg in Germany, where he later became bishop (930)
 * Saint Hallvard, Of the royal family of Norway, Patron-saint of Oslo, martyr (1043)

Post-Schism Orthodox saints

 * Saint Nicetas, Bishop of Novgorod and recluse of the Kiev Caves (1108)
 * Patriarch Leontius II of Jerusalem, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem (1190)
 * Saint Isidore of Rostov, Fool-for-Christ and Wonderworker (1474)
 * New Martyr Mark of Crete, at Smyrna (1643)
 * New Martyr John of Bulgaria (Raiko-John of Shumena), the goldsmith (1802)
 * Saint Andrew, abbot of Raphael (Tobolsk) (1820)

New martyrs and confessors

 * New Hieromartyr Peter Rozhdestvin, Priest (1939)

Other commemorations

 * Commemoration of the martyrdom by the Poles (1609), of:
 * Abbot Anthony with 40 monks and 1,000 laymen of the St. Paisius of Uglich Monastery,
 * Abbot Daniel with 30 monks and 200 laymen of the St. Nicholas Monastery (Kostroma)

 * Commemoration of Victor Chornayiv, Archimandrite of the Annunciation Monastery at Nizhyn (1761)
 * Synaxis of the Yaroslavsk (Pechersk) Icon of the Mother of God (1823)
 * First uncovering of the relics (1846) of Saint Tikhon, Bishop of Voronezh, Wonderworker of Zadonsk (1783)

title: May 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Queen Feril

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 17:48, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)

Queen Feril
A Runescape character and the webmistress of a Runescape website. Doesn't seem notable in either capacity. Meelar (talk) 00:49, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, Runesource only gets 54 google hits and any MMOG avatar is almost by definition non-encyclopedic in and of themselves (particularly major avators may deserve a mention in the respective articles, but not articles of their own). Rje 21:06, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, reasoning as said above Master Thief Garrett 22:47, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Pavel Vozenilek 02:37, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as non-notable and unencyclopedic. Hermione1980 23:25, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:4.184.64.186

title: User talk:4.184.64.186


text:
Talk:José García Villa

Date of birth/death
As they currently stand, could use some fact-checking. –Hajor 00:54, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Facts ok
Just make a google search of his name, facts are in the web.

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was move. JPG-GR (talk) 19:30, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

A request to move this article to Jose Garcia Villa. Unlike its Spanish counterparts, Filipino names of Spanish origins are unaccented. Starczamora (talk) 13:24, 25 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Support. Both seem to be used, but I agree about Filipino language standards. Zuiver jo (talk) 22:28, 13 March 2008 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

External links modified
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External links modified
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title: Talk:José García Villa


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wendell Cox

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. — Xezbeth 19:40, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)

Wendell Cox
apparent autobiographical page Delete AYArktos 00:55, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, apparent vanity. Tempshill 23:43, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep--I've heard of this guy from browsing through the myriad forums at Skyscraperpage forums. His website and his opposition are both notable in the transportation and urban planning communities. --Combuchan 01:21, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)  Edit--fixed the link.
 * Keep. What Combuchan said. - Pioneer-12 12:18, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Secretcurse 14:34, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User:Exomnium

I like many things. I play nomic, nationstates, and half-life mods. I love books about 2 and 4 dimensions. I love the Simpsons.

More recently I have taken an interest in abstract algebra.

And God said,

$$\nabla \cdot \mathbf{E} = 4\pi\rho $$

$$\nabla \times \mathbf{E} = -\partial \mathbf{B}/ \partial t$$

$$\nabla \cdot \mathbf{B} = 0 $$

$$\nabla \times \mathbf{B} = 4\pi\mathbf{J} + \partial \mathbf{E}/ \partial t$$

and there was light.

And God said,

$$G_{\mu \nu} = 8\pi T_{\mu \nu}\,$$

and there was gravity.

title: User:Exomnium


text:
Equity Media Holdings

Equity Media Holdings Corporation was a broadcasting company based in Little Rock, Arkansas that owned and operated television stations across the United States. Prior to March 30, 2007, the company was known as Equity Broadcasting, a name later used for its broadcast station subsidiary. The company had a focus on Hispanic and Asian American communities in large markets while owning a combination of English-language network affiliates in medium and small markets.

Equity was known for its use of broadcast automation to control dozens of small, local VHF and UHF television broadcasting stations from one central Little Rock location; the feeds were readily visible on free-to-air satellite television through much of North America, despite the very small terrestrial footprint of the individual stations over the air. Most commonly, Equity stations were low-power television affiliates of Univision, Fox, The WB/UPN or carried music videos and classic television reruns.

In late 2005, Equity launched the Retro Television Network (RTN for short), a programming service with a lineup of "classic" shows from the 1950s through the 1980s which currently airs in part or full in numerous markets (controversially replacing UPN in one). Equity sold RTN to Luken Communications in June 2008.

Equity filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on December 8, 2008 and auctioned the individual stations on April 16, 2009. Many stations were sold to broadcast companies such as Daystar Television Network.

Financial troubles
In the company's annual report for 2007, released on April 2, 2008, Equity said that the company was in default on its credit lines, and that if it could not find additional financing it "will need to cease all or a portion of its operations, seek protection under U.S. bankruptcy laws and regulations, engage in a restructuring or undertake a combination of these and other actions." An earlier indication of Equity's troubles came one month previously when its board of directors appointed its chairman, Henry Luken, to replace Equity founder Larry Morton as president and CEO. Morton remained the chair, president and CEO of Retro Television Network.

Retro Television Network was sold to Luken's company, Luken Communications, on June 25, 2008. Luken Communications continued to operate RTN out of Little Rock, Arkansas as a client of Equity's C.A.S.H. system.

In June 2008, Equity instituted a companywide suspension of news programs.

In November 2008, Equity began attempts to sell all of its TV stations and cut most of the company's top management in a move which Chief Restructuring Officer Paul Brissette believed could allow the company a chance to avoid bankruptcy.

Equity filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on December 8, 2008, after the company defaulted on a loan worth $41.5 million. One of its creditors, Silver Point Finance, soon filed to change the bankruptcy from a voluntary Chapter 11 to an involuntary Chapter 7 in an attempt to foreclose on Equity assets, as they felt that there was no way Equity could reorganize under Chapter 11, nor did they have enough funds to cover payroll.

Silver Point ended its attempts to push the company directly into liquidation on December 23, in return for the appointment of Kim D. Kelly, a new Chief Restructuring Officer (CRO) who exerted near-total control to run the company and handle decisions on the sale of the individual stations.

Trading in Equity Media Holdings Corporation (EMDA.Q) common stock, units, and warrants were suspended on December 18, 2008; NASDAQ announced on January 15, 2009, that the Equity-related securities were de-listed permanently.

The sale of Equity's flagship Little Rock TV station KWBF (now Nexstar Broadcasting Group's KARZ-TV) closed at the end of January 2009; similarly named RTN radio station KWBF-FM had also been sold (to Flinn Broadcasting Corporation) and went silent in November 2008, later returning as KZTS under its new owner. Equity had also unexpectedly terminated a deal with the Southland Conference to carry University of Central Arkansas basketball games on KKYK-DT, effective January 14, 2009.

Silver Point extended a $58 million "debtor in possession" loan on February 2, 2009, to keep Equity on-air under chief restructuring officer Kim D. Kelly, but at a hefty interest rate premium: 8% above the current London Interbank Offered Rate. The chief restructuring officer was not answerable in any way to Equity's board.

On April 10, 2009, Equity announced an auction of all its stations, held on April 16 in Dallas. About 60 stations (counting repeater transmitters) were sold (subject to FCC approval) at a total of $21.3 million.

Retro Television Network
Equity Media had been paid to provide centralcasting services for RTN after that network was sold to Luken Communications for $25 million in June 2008. Equity had held an option to re-purchase RTN from Luken; that option expired unexercised on December 24, 2008.

On January 4, 2009, a contract conflict between Equity and Luken Communications, the owners of RTN, interrupted the programming on many RTN affiliates with Luken alleging that Equity had left many obligations to RTN's creditors, including programming suppliers, unpaid. As a result, Luken restored a national RTN feed from its headquarters in Chattanooga, Tennessee, via SES Americom-owned satellite AMC 9 (83.0°W), with individual feeds to non-Equity-owned affiliates following on a piecemeal basis. Equity owned or operated stations lost RTN affiliation immediately, though Luken vowed to find new affiliates for RTN in those areas. A message displayed on-screen by Equity's stations in place of RTN gave Henry Luken's cell number as a contact number for viewers. As a result of this dispute, Luken pulled out of a deal to buy Equity's southwest Florida stations.

By January 7, 2009, various Equity-owned or operated stations were broadcasting classic movies (or in some cases, Retro Jams) in place of RTN's content;. Around January 21, some of these stations began to carry This TV, a new subchannel network owned by MGM and Weigel Broadcasting.

Digital transition issues
In mid-December 2008, Equity filed notice with the Federal Communications Commission that more than a dozen of its individual analog-only full service stations would not be able to acquire equipment for digital TV transition without court approval, and these recently constructed full-power stations would therefore go dark at the end of digital transition (originally scheduled for February 17, 2009; since extended to June 12, 2009). Stations with existing digital broadcasts or low-power broadcasting stations on channels 2 - 51 would not be affected.

Equity had requested that the FCC extend the expiry dates of digital construction permits for these stations, a possible means of retaining the affected licenses until a buyer can be found.

Full-service stations taken dark at the end of digital transition include:
 * KEGS (Goldfield, Nevada)

Affected stations sold to Daystar:
 * KUTF (TeleFutura, Logan, Utah)
 * KQUP (ex-RTN, Pullman, Washington)
 * KWBM (MyTV, Harrison, Arkansas)
 * WBIF (This TV, Marianna, Florida)
 * WNGS (This TV, Springville, New York)
 * WNYI (Univisión, Ithaca, New York)

Affected stations sold to Max Media, then closed down:
 * KBTZ (Fox, Butte, Montana)
 * KLMN* (Fox, Great Falls, Montana)
 * KMMF (Fox, Missoula, Montana)

Affected station sold to Pinnacle Media:
 * KPBI (MyTV, Eureka Springs, Arkansas)

Affected station sold to Tyler Media:
 * KUOK (Univisión, Woodward/Oklahoma City)

Affected station sold to Valley Bank, and then Fusion Communications:
 * KWWF (ex-RTN, Waterloo, Iowa)

 * While KLMN had already applied to reduce its analog signal power to 50 kW, the license remained that of a full-service station. Its new owners therefore would've had to convert it to digital to continue broadcasting after December 6, 2009.

Often, the stations went dark on the June 12, 2009, analog shutdown date only to return to the air digitally under their new owners just before the June 2010 FCC expiry date of their digital TV construction permits. WNGS and WNYI are among this group.

Equity's situation was unique due to its rapid and recent expansion. Many of its full-service stations were built during the last few years of digital transition and therefore were in the position of needing to flash-cut to digital in 2009 or cease operation. Established full-service broadcasters (who signed on before the start of transition) had (with rare exception) been required to operate existing digital simulcasts on another channel for several years, so their digital equipment was therefore already in place long before the 2008 recession and the 2009 analog TV shutdown. Several Ion Television stations which signed on when digital licenses began to be issued in the early 2000s did the reverse of Equity, declining to build out redundant and costly analog facilities which would only be used for a few years, and signing them on exclusively as digital-only stations which were located within the core of their market area, despite losing out on analog viewership in their early histories.

The former Equity full-service stations therefore represented the single largest block of stations to go dark on the June 12, 2009, digital transition date.

C.A.S.H. system
A trait unique to Equity Media Holdings Corporation was their usage of a centralized group-wide hub (called by Equity the Central Automated Satellite Hub, or, system) where all production, programming, and master control is handled from a facility adjacent to the company's headquarters. Though such hubbing is done on regional scales for many groups, no other company had done it to the scale and magnitude of Equity and C.A.S.H.

Various C.A.S.H. stations were available free-to-air throughout North America on Ku band via Galaxy 18 (123°W) or on C band via Galaxy 3C (95°W). The feeds were in a format intended to be fed directly to a terrestrial television transmitter with no further studio processing.

Satellite transponder space was rented from Intelsat, which claimed as of December 2008 to be owed over $580,000.

As much of the free-to air satellite programming in North America consists of ethnic-language or specialised content, Equity's demise represented a significant loss in available English/Spanish-language Ku-band free television in the US.

Stations
Under the protection of Chapter 11 bankruptcy, Equity Media Holdings Corporation sold most of these TV stations at an auction in Dallas on April 16, 2009, for a total of $21.3 million. Other stations were sold at later dates or ultimately went dark.

The following stations were pending purchases by Equity Media in 2008 but never completed:
 * WBQM-LP- Brooklyn, New York - A Cornerstone Television station
 * WMBQ-CA- Cranford, New Jersey - An MTV2 station; since changed to Cornerstone Television

The following construction permits had been issued to Equity before its 2008 bankruptcy filing; the company was unable to build the stations.
 * Reno, Nevada (another station)
 * West Palm Beach, Florida

Other properties

 * Arkansas RiverBlades (a defunct ECHL ice hockey franchise in Little Rock, Arkansas; Equity owned 51% interest in team; folded in 2003)
 * Arkansas Twisters (an af2 arena football franchise in Little Rock; since moved to Allen, Texas and renamed the Allen Wranglers, as part of the Indoor Football League)

Liabilities
In December 2008, Equity's key liabilities included:
 * $41.5 million to private equity firm Silver Point Finance LLC of Greenwich, Connecticut.
 * $1.3 million to CBS Corporation for RTN programming run during the time Equity owned Retro Television Network.
 * $583,931.25 to Intelsat.
 * Undetermined additional liabilities to NBC (as a programming supplier) and Univision.

title: Equity Media Holdings


text:
Agustín Gómez-Arcos

Agustin Gomez-Arcos (15 January 1939 – 20 March 1998) was a Spanish writer. He was born in Enix, Spain. He studied law but quit university for theater. However, some of his work was banned in Franco's Spain. He emigrated to London in 1966, then to Paris in 1968 and wrote primarily in French, often with themes condemning the Francoist State. He died in Paris of cancer.

In his early years in Spain he wrote a number of plays, notable for their bizarre themes and highly innovative and non-realistic theatrical technique (see S.G. Feldman's study, referenced below). After emigrating to France he wrote many novels, all in French and listed below. Half of them are bitter attacks on Francoist Spain. These won him a considerable French readership (François Mitterrand was a particular admirer), but were unpopular, indeed largely ignored, in Spain, where the attempt was being made to get beyond the fierce antagonism generated by the Spanish Civil War by forgetting about it. The most successful of these novels was 'Ana Non', which is less polemical and concentrates on the grief and bereavement of a widow who has lost her husband and sons in the civil war; it tells of her slow, sad journey through a Spain alien to her on her way to see her one surviving son, imprisoned for life, whom she finds dead on her arrival at his prison. In the English-speaking world more attention was paid to his first novel, 'The Carnivorous Lamb', which gives a highly sympathetic account of a passionate sexual relationship between two brothers; this is the most extreme example of the writer's anarchistic antinomianism.

Novels

 * L'Agneau carnivore, 1975; won the 1975 Hermès Prize. (Translated from the original French by William Rodarmor as The Carnivorous Lamb for David Godine, Boston in 1984; reprinted in 2007 by Arsenal Press, Vancouver.)
 * Maria Republica, 1976
 * Ana non, 1977; won the 1977 Livre Inter prize, the 1978 Roland Dorgelès Prize and the Thyde Monnier Prize
 * Scène de chasse (furtive), 1978
 * Pré-papa ou Roman de fées, 1979
 * L'enfant miraculée, 1981
 * L'enfant pain, 1983
 * Un oiseau brûlé vif, 1984 (A Bird Burned Alive, 1988)
 * Bestiaire, 1986
 * L'homme à genoux, 1989
 * L'aveuglon, 1990
 * Mère Justice, 1992
 * La femme d'emprunt, 1993
 * L'ange de chair, 1995

title: Agustín Gómez-Arcos


text:
Marlon Anderson

Marlon Ordell Anderson (born January 6, 1974) is an American former professional baseball second baseman and outfielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for six teams, over 12 seasons. He was widely known for his clutch hits, and writers for publications including The New York Times and Newsday had referred to him as one of the best pinch-hitters in the game. Anderson was the hitting coach for the Brooklyn Cyclones in 2018.

High school years
Anderson attended Prattville High School from 1988 to 1992. Anderson was a student and a letterman in football and baseball. He was coached by Roger Lambert who also coached Marlon's two younger brother's Keto Anderson and Randy Anderson.

College years
Anderson attended the University of South Alabama. As a senior, he posted a .357 batting average with thirteen home runs, and was the Sun Belt Conference Player of the Year and a Baseball America first team All-American. In 1994, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Wareham Gatemen of the Cape Cod Baseball League.

Professional career
Anderson was drafted by the Philadelphia Phillies in the second round of the 1995 amateur draft. In 1998, while playing for the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red Barons, he was named the International League Rookie of the Year. On September 8 of the same year, he made his Major League debut as a pinch hitter, hitting a home run off Mel Rojas of the New York Mets.

Philadelphia Phillies
Anderson was the Phillies starting second baseman in, and. In, because neither his offense nor his defense were considered exceptional, Plácido Polanco replaced him as the Phillies second baseman (also Chase Utley was then a top prospect of the Phillies' Triple-A Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red Barons); Anderson was not offered a contract by the Phillies and signed as a free agent with the Tampa Bay Devil Rays. In, Anderson signed with the St. Louis Cardinals and filled a niche as a utility infielder. He also became known for his skill at pinch hitting, tying for the National League lead in pinch hits with 17 that year.

New York Mets
In, Anderson signed with the New York Mets, where he served as a pinch hitter. Anderson batted over .300 in pinch-hit situations. Anderson’s Met highlight occurred during an interleague game with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim on June 11, 2005, when he tied the score in the ninth inning with an inside-the-park home run off Angels closer Francisco Rodríguez. The ball caromed away from center fielder Steve Finley, who ran it down in right-center field as Anderson circled the bases. Anderson barely beat the play at the plate, colliding face-first into catcher José Molina's mask.

Washington Nationals
On November 18, 2005, Anderson signed a two-year contract with the Washington Nationals. His contract ensured that the only two big leaguers ever to be named Marlon (the other is Marlon Byrd) would be teammates again on the Nationals. They were also teammates on the Phillies in September 2002 when Byrd was called up.

Los Angeles Dodgers
On August 31, 2006, Anderson was traded by the Nationals to the Los Angeles Dodgers after scoring the winning run in a 6-5 thriller against the Phillies in Washington. At the time, Washington had been struggling for much of the season and was not a playoff factor while the Dodgers appeared to be headed for the playoffs with the NL West division crown. Anderson was brought in hopes to assist in the Dodgers' playoff push. He was intended to be a pinch hitter, but Anderson won the starting job in left field when rookie Andre Ethier struggled towards the end of the season.

On September 18, 2006, with the Dodgers playing the San Diego Padres for first place in the National League West with only two weeks left in the regular season, Anderson went five for five, including two home runs. His second home run that night was the last of a record tying four consecutive home runs in the bottom of the 9th inning, following home runs hit by Jeff Kent, J. D. Drew, and Russell Martin. Anderson's home run tied the score at 9-9 after the Dodgers trailed 9-5 to begin the inning. The Dodgers would eventually win the game on a walk-off home run by Nomar Garciaparra, and would tie San Diego for the NL West title. The tiebreaker however, went to San Diego as they had beaten the Dodgers 13 of 18 games in 2006. The Dodgers would still make the playoffs after being awarded the wild card spot.

The emergence of young Dodgers prospects Matt Kemp and James Loney contributed to Anderson's playing time diminishing during the first half of the season and he was designated for assignment by the Dodgers on June 29, 2007, ending his tenure with the club. He cleared waivers and became a free agent on July 11. He was promptly signed to a minor league contract by the Mets on July 12.

New York Mets
One week later, on July 19, Anderson was called up to play for the Mets. He started his first game back with the Mets against the Dodgers, the team that had just released him. He had a 2-RBI single in that game.

On August 29, 2007, Anderson was part of a controversial call between the Mets and second-place Philadelphia Phillies at a game at Citizens Bank Park. With the Phillies leading 6-5 with one out and the bases loaded in the ninth inning, Shawn Green hit a high-chop ground ball to shortstop. In trying to break up a double play, Anderson slid into Tadahito Iguchi, the Phillies second baseman. The second base umpire, C.B. Bucknor, called him out on interference, resulting in a double play. Replays of the incident showed that Green would have easily beaten out the play. The Mets would go on to lose the final game of the series, resulting in a critical four-game sweep by the Phils, who would eventually take the division on the final day of the season from the Mets.

Anderson signed a two-year contract worth $2.2 million to return to the Mets in. On May 23, 2008, he seriously injured his hamstring in a game against the Colorado Rockies on a groundout.

On April 11, 2009, the Mets designated Anderson for assignment. Later that week, he was released by the Mets.

Newark Bears
On June 14, 2009, Anderson signed with the Newark Bears of the independent Atlantic League.

Coaching
Anderson served as a hitting coach with the Hagerstown Suns in 2011 and 2012 and was hired to fill the same position with the Brooklyn Cyclones in 2018.

Broadcasting
Anderson served as a part-time color analyst for Philadelphia Phillies broadcasts during the 2014 season and was hired by Comcast SportsNet as a pre-game and post-game television studio analyst prior to the 2015 season alongside Ricky Bottalico.

title: Marlon Anderson


text:
Cromford railway station

Cromford railway station is a Grade II listed railway station owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Railway. It is located in the village of Cromford in Derbyshire, England. The station is on the Derwent Valley Line 15+1/2 mi north of Derby towards Matlock.

History
Originally known as Cromford Bridge, it was opened by the Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midland Junction Railway in 1849. This is one of the few stations on the line that has been preserved and is a Grade 2 listed building. It is said to have been designed by G. H. Stokes, son-in-law of Joseph Paxton. It is believed that Stokes designed Station House (built in 1855), the extremely ornate former station master's residence opposite the station on the side of the hill as well as the ornate villa style waiting room, on what was the 'up' platform. According to English Heritage, this is the original station building. The present station building on the opposite (down) platform was added by the Midland Railway at a later date

Willersley Tunnel, which is 764 yd long, is situated immediately north of the station.

The disused southbound platform was used for cover of the 1995 Oasis single "Some Might Say".

Following many years of neglect and decline, a long lease on the main station building was purchased by the Arkwright Society; the building has been restored and improved, re-opening as office space in May 2009. Station House, of which the old waiting room is a part, is now self-contained holiday accommodation.

In the year from 1 April 2009 to 31 March 2010, journeys from the station had increased by 16.88%.

On 17 September 2009, taxi driver Stuart Ludlam was murdered at the station by gun fanatic Colin Cheetham.

Station masters
On 18 January 1853, the station master William Lees was summoned by Joseph Wain, a clark employed by the railway at Matlock Bath, for having beaten him. It transpired that bad feeling had previously existed between the plaintiff and defendant; on 15 January 1853, they had met on the causeway between Matlock Bath and Cromford, close to the Glenorchy chapel. Both of them were on the pavement and a dispute arose between them as to the etiquette of taking the wall. Wain accused Lees of beating him repeatedly but Lees denied it. The following year William Lees left Cromford. The Derbyshire Courier of 25 November 1854 reported that

"Mr Lees assures our correspondent, that although a little unpleasantness, arising most likely from well meant but mistaken motives, has latterly arisen among a few of his Cromford friends, he leaves the respectable inhabitants with a feeling akin to regret."

 * William Lees 1849 - 1854
 * Edwin Furniss ca 1859 - 1881
 * R. J. Oram 1881 - 1888 (afterwards station master at Chorlton-cum-Hardy)
 * Lewis Wright 1888 - 1894 (afterwards station master at Edale)
 * Harry l’Anson 1894 - 1898 (afterwards station master at Chinley)
 * H. V. Weston 1898 - 1902 (afterwards station master at Cheadle Heath)
 * J. G. Goss 1902 - 1907 (afterwards station master at Bamford)
 * Thomas Cooper 1907 - 1913 (formerly station master at Hazel Grove, afterwards station master at Belle Vue, Manchester)
 * William Brown 1913 - 1921
 * Walter Best from 1921
 * Harry Huntington ca. 1948 until 1957 (afterwards station master at Wennington)
 * A. C. Phillips 1957 - 1958 (formerly station master at Whatstandwell, afterwards station master at Pelsall)
 * Alfred George Armitage 1958 - ca. 1960 (afterwards station master at Harlington)

Services
All services at Cromford are operated by East Midlands Railway using DMUs.

The typical off-peak service is one train per hour in each direction between Matlock and Nottingham via Derby.

On Sundays, the station is served by one train every two hours in each direction in the morning, increasing to hourly in the afternoon.

title: Cromford railway station


text:
Organ pipe

An organ pipe is a sound-producing element of the pipe organ that resonates at a specific pitch when pressurized air (commonly referred to as wind) is driven through it. Each pipe is tuned to a note of the musical scale. A set of organ pipes of similar timbre comprising the complete scale is known as a rank; one or more ranks constitutes a stop.

Materials
Organ pipes are generally made out of either metal or wood. Very rarely, glass, porcelain, plastic, paper, Papier-mâché, or even stone pipes may be seen. A historical organ in the Philippines has pipes made exclusively of bamboo.

Metal
Metal pipes are usually made of lead; for increased rigidity it is alloyed with tin along with trace amounts of antimony and copper. The percentage of each metal in the alloy influences the characteristics of the resulting pipe. A high proportion of tin results in a slightly brighter colour (optical colour, not timbre). In addition, high amounts of tin give a gleaming and long-lasting polish, which may be desired if the pipe is clearly visible. The cost of each metal is also a factor, as tin is more expensive than lead. Cost considerations may also lead to the use of the inferior rolled zinc especially for the lower tones that take a lot of material. In addition, pipes have been made of many metals, including copper, aluminium, gold electroplate, silver, brass, and iron.

Metal pipes are generally made by first casting the desired lead alloy onto a long flat surface. Once the metal cools, it is cut into pieces, which are then rolled into shapes around molds called mandrels and soldered together. Thus, the cross-section of a metal pipe is usually circular. The low melting point, solderability and malleability of the organ metal makes the construction of pipes relatively easy.

Wood
The body of a wooden pipe can be made of either a coniferous wood (softwood) or hardwood, although the lower section of the pipe (comprising the metal foot (on some pipes), cap, block and mouth) will nearly always be made from hardwood to provide a precise edge for the pipe's mouth. Using screws and glue, the pipes are assembled from wooden pieces of various shapes and sizes. In contrast with the circular cross-section of a metal pipe, the cross-section of a wooden pipe is most commonly square or rectangular.

Glass
Glass pipes have been created using warm glass and stained glass techniques by Xaver Wilhelmy. Three Wilhelmy glass ranks exist in the United States, two in a private collection in West Virginia and one in a private collection in Virginia. The image at left shows the Wilhelmy American Flag Glass Pipe Organ that was created as a part of a Memorial Proposal for Ground Zero after the events of September 11, 2001.

Shapes
The bodies of organ pipes are generally made in three shapes: cylindrical, conical, or rectangular. Cylindrical pipes are simple cylinders, while conical pipes are in the shape of a tapering or expanding cone. Rectangular pipes form cuboid shapes with either a square or rectangular cross-section when viewed from above. There are some irregular shapes as well: the Flûte triangulaire, for example, has a triangular cross-section when viewed from above. In addition, a cylindrical or rectangular pipe can be tapered: that is, it can be made to be wider at the bottom than at the top. The internal shape of the pipe is a major factor in tone color.

The end of the pipe opposite the reed or mouth may be either open or closed (also known as stopped). A closed flue pipe with a uniform cross-section sounds an octave lower than a similar open pipe of the same length. Also, such an open pipe produces a tone in which both the even-numbered and the odd-numbered partials are present, while a stopped pipe, such as a gedackt, produces a tone with odd-numbered partials. The tone of a stopped pipe tends to be gentler and sweeter than that of an open pipe, though this is largely at the discretion of the voicer.

Certain organ pipes are also mounted horizontally in the shape of a trumpet horn so as to project the sound farther. These pipes are known as en chamades. However, when such a commanding tone is desired but it is impossible to mount an en chamade on the case, a hooded reed is used. This type of pipe stands vertically and has a 90-degree bend at the top which acts to project the sound outward in the same way an en chamade does, but can be placed in the interior of an organ.

Pitch
The pitch produced by an organ pipe is determined in two fundamentally different ways. For a reed pipe it is determined mainly by the mechanical properties of the reed and the length of the protruding part. For the flue pipes it is determined by the shape of the air column inside the pipe and whether the column is open at the end. For those pipes the pitch is a function of its length, the wavelength of the sound produced by an open pipe being approximately twice its length. A pipe half the length of another will sound one octave higher. If the longest pipe, C, is 8 ft in length, the pipe one octave higher will be 4 ft long, and two octaves above (middle C) will be 2 ft long. A closed (stopped) pipe produces a sound one octave lower than an open pipe. For example, a stopped pipe 4 ft long will produce the same pitch as an open pipe 8 feet long: two octaves below middle C.

The nomenclature of a rank of pipes is based on the size of an open pipe that would produce the same pitch, regardless of the type or size of the actual pipes in the rank. For example, a rank of open pipes labeled as 8 (pronounced "eight-foot") would have a pipe for C two octaves below middle C that is approximately 8 feet long. An 8 stop is said to sound at "unison pitch": the keys on the organ console produce the expected pitch (e.g. the key for middle C causes a middle C pipe to speak), like a piano. In a rank of stopped pipes, the lowest pipe is 4 feet in length but sounds at unison pitch—that is, at the same pitch as an 8 open pipe—so it is known as an 8 stop. Reed pipes are also labeled the same as that of an open pipe with the same pitch, regardless of the actual length of the pipe.

Flue pipes

The sound of a flue pipe is produced with no moving parts, solely from the vibration of air, in the same manner as a recorder or a whistle. Wind from the "flue", or windway is driven over an open window and against a sharp lip called a Labium. By Bernoulli's principle this produces a lower pressure region just below the window. When the vacuum under the window is large enough, the airstream is pulled under the Labium lip. Then the process works in reverse, with a low pressure region forming over the Labium which pulls the airstream to the other side again. This 'fluttering' airflow creates high and low pressure waves within the pipe's air column. A high and a low pressure wave form a single "cycle" of the pipe's tone. (See Wind Instrument.)

Flue pipes generally belong to one of three tonal families: flutes, diapasons (or principals), and strings. The basic "foundation" (from the French term fonds) sound of an organ is composed of varying combinations of these three tonal groups, depending upon the particular organ and the literature being played.

The different sounds of these tonal families of pipes arise from their individual construction. The tone of a flue pipe is affected by the size and shape of the pipes as well as the material out of which it is made. A pipe with a wide diameter will tend to produce a flute tone, a pipe with a medium diameter a diapason tone, and a pipe with a narrow diameter a string tone. A large diameter pipe will favor the fundamental tone and restrict high frequency harmonics, while a narrower diameter favors the high harmonics and suppresses the fundamental. The science of measuring and deciding upon pipe diameters is referred to as pipe scaling, and the resulting measurements are referred to as the scale of the pipe.

Reed pipes
The sound of a reed pipe is produced by a beating reed: wind is directed towards a curved piece of brass (the reed). A partial vacuum is created by higher velocity air flowing under the reed which causes it to be pulled closed against a hard surface called the shallot. This shuts off the vacuum and allows the reed to spring open again. A tuned resonator extends above this assembly and reinforces the sound produced. The principle is the same as that of the orchestral clarinet. The pitch of a reed pipe is determined primarily by the length of the reed but the volume of air in the resonator supports that frequency. Most reed pipes have a slide to adjust the vibrating length of the reed to fine-tune it. Because of the precision required in the making of the vibrating reed, resonator pipe and its accompanying parts, reed pipes are more complicated to manufacture than flue pipes.

By altering any of several parameters (including the shape and volume of the resonator, as well as the thickness and shape of the reed), a reed pipe can produce a wide variety of tonal colors. This allows reed stops to imitate historical musical instruments, such as the krumhorn or the regal. Because the resonator is partially stopped/closed by the reed, odd-numbered partials/harmonics are dominant (in the hollow tones of Krumhorn and Clarinet stops, for example). If the resonator pipe expands outward to conical, the geometry allows the production of both even- and odd-numbered partials, resulting in the fuller tones of Trumpet and Oboe stops.

Free reed pipes
These are quite uncommon; see "Free reeds" in the "Reed pipe" article.

Diaphone pipes
The diaphone is a unique organ pipe. Uncommon in church and concert pipe organs, they are quite common in Theatre Organs. Invented by Robert Hope-Jones around 1900, it has characteristics of both flue pipes and reed pipes. The pipe speaks through a resonator, much like a reed pipe, but a spring-loaded pallet instigates the vibration instead of a reed. Possessing a powerful bass groundtone, the pipe is generally made of wood and can be voiced at various wind pressures. The diaphone is usually found at 16' and 32' pitches, however there are a few examples of 8' diaphones. There are two 32' Diaphones in Philadelphia's Wanamaker Organ, and a full-length 64' Diaphone-Dulzian is installed in the Boardwalk Hall Auditorium Organ in Atlantic City.

The Diaphone pipes are used for the bottom 12 or 18 notes of the 16' Diapason rank, and also for its bottom 32' octave, on those few Theatre Organs that go that low.

Hope-Jones also developed an imitative version of the diaphone called the diaphonic horn, which had a more reed-like quality than the diaphone and was voiced on lower wind pressures. Wurlitzer built a version of the diaphonic horn for their theater organs at 32' and 16' pitches with huge wooden resonators as extensions of its Diaphonic diapason, and at 16' with metal resonators as an extension of its smaller-scale Open diapason. The Austin Organ Company also developed a metal diaphone at 16' pitch known as a Magnaton. Due to its penetrating tone, a diaphone-type horn has also been used in foghorns and fire signals.

title: Organ pipe


text:
Category talk:Tropical cyclone stubs

Untitled
Note this includes typhoons, hurricanes, and all tropical cyclones. Jdorje 18:21, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

What is a stub?
What should a hurricane stub be? Is there any criterion? Is this it?
 * Dates
 * Damage
 * Death toll
 * Storm History
 * Retired/No and replaced by what name
 * Records if any

A stub is typically only a few sentences long, not a couple of paragraphs. Why are some articles like Tropical Storm Odette (2003) a stub which gives a full history of the storm, while other articles shorter than it are not? Articles needing an infobox should not be stubs. Only short summaries of a storm should be a stubs, while "Longer stubs" should be Articles needing an infobox or something like that. Hurricanehink 14:06, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Good question. Wikipedia probably has a global standard for stub articles but I'd say for tropical cyclone articles we can refine it a bit. But I'm not sure what the standard should be. It might include: In summary I'm not really sure what the standard for a stub should be. All I can say is that anything that's marked as a stub means that someone thinks it needs to be expanded, and that we always have the option of merging short hurricane articles back into their season categories. As for why the criteria for determining stubs seems to be inconsistent...no sense wasting time worrying about that; it just happens because people add or remove as they see fit while browsing through articles.
 * Articles that needs to be expanded. I sometimes add  if something's less than a page long and has no infobox or picture.  Of course there's a separate category for this -.
 * Anything that need a picture. Of course there's a separate category for this too - Category:Hurricane articles needing a picture.
 * Anything short or non-notable enough that it could simply be merged in with a season article. Hurricanes are a bit different from other articles in that we have per-season articles that summarize each hurricane.  Any hurricane that is not noteworthy doesn't need an article and may just be a stub.  See Typhoon Odessa for an example of this.
 * Anything that's not notable. Yesterday I added history categories to every single tropical cyclone article.  There were less than 5 articles that didn't fit into any category because they were not historically notable.  These included Typhoon Odessa, Hurricane Linda, and Hurricane John.  However these may still not qualify as stubs; the latter two are pretty long articles and the hurricanes are notable in the sense that they were very unusual (but then so was Hurricane Vince and it doesn't get its own article).

For myself you can see some of the articles I've written that I consider not to be stubs: 1928 Okeechobee Hurricane and 1947 Fort Lauderdale Hurricane. But most people would consider articles even much shorter than these to also not be stubs.

Jdorje 18:21, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

I have a proposal. If an article is longer than an infobox, and it contains all the important information (where and how it formed, where it went, where it hit and how strong), it should not be a stub. Articles shorter an an infobox should be stubs. That way we have a set standard. Sounds good? Hurricanehink 20:02, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, I have no particular objection - but if people add to an existing article it probably needs expansion even if you don't feel it's a stub.  And BTW, it looks like Hurricane Vince wasn't a good example as a storm that doesn't deserve its own article.  Jdorje

title: Category talk:Tropical cyclone stubs


text:
Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-04-18/Spoken Wikipedia

A project to record Wikipedia articles being read out loud was launched last week, and already has managed to create over a dozen recordings.

Timwi announced the beginning of the WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia last Tuesday with the observation that "the best way of getting it going is to start recording things." The emphasis of the project is on recording featured articles, since these are reasonably complete and considered to be of good quality.

Sound recordings of Wikipedia articles are potentially useful for people who cannot read the text due to sight impairments or literacy problems. While screen readers are available using synthetic speech to deal with these issues, their accuracy and the ability to reproduce the text comprehensibly still pales in comparison to actual human speech.

The idea for the project came from the German Wikipedia, which started the original Gesprochene Wikipedia project early in 2004. The Dutch Wikipedia has now also initiated a similar project, while an effort to add spoken pronunciations to the Dutch Wiktionary has already been underway for some time.

Several enthusiastic participants produced a number of spoken articles within a few days, including five featured articles so far. One article, the ever-popular Exploding whale, produced a bit of competition for the honor of recording it, with blankfaze staking the first claim. And in one case, a sound recording was even produced for something other than an article, as Luigi30 created a recording of the three revert rule.

As with all sound recordings on Wikipedia, Ogg Vorbis is the preferred format being used by the project. For greater comprehension, Fuzheado suggested that readers not use normal conversational speech, but speak at a slower rate of about 150 words per minute.

Also this week: Editor's note — Dworkin scoop — Tax exemption — Search — Spoken articles — Encarta digs — Design contest — T.R.O.L.L. — Features and admins — Press coverage


text:
Whatstandwell railway station

Whatstandwell railway station is a railway station owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Railway. It serves the villages of Whatstandwell and Crich Carr in Derbyshire, England. The station is located on the Derwent Valley Line from Derby to Matlock.

Whatstandwell is the nearest railway station to the National Tramway Museum at Crich. There is a steep uphill walk of about 1 mile from the station to the museum.

History
The station was opened by the Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midland Junction Railway as 'Whatstandwell Bridge' on 4 June 1849, though it was not listed in the timetable until 1853. It was north of the 149 yd Whatstandwell Tunnel, behind the Derwent Hotel.

On 4 October 1853 a luggage train was on its way from Rowsley to Ambergate and at Whatstandwell was put into a siding to collect some empty wagons. It derailed and a breakdown crew was sent for from Derby. With this assistance, the train was re-railed and set off for Ambergate. The break down train which had come from Derby was standing on the wrong line for returning to Derby. Instead of continuing for 1/2 a mile to cross onto the correct line they determined to return to Derby on the wrong line, calculating that they would get back before anything started out from Derby. They ignored the rules of the company which required a fireman walking 800 yards in advance of the train and proceeding at a walking pace. Instead they travelled at full speed. They collided with another engine and Michael Barker, a fireman, was killed. Samuel Kent, George Cawood and John Smeeton were indicted for his manslaughter. They were found guilty at the Midland Assizes on 18 March 1854. Kent was sentenced by Lord Chief Justice Jervis to 18 months’ imprisonment and hard labour and the others got 12 months each.

The station was moved to its present location in 1894 when the name became 'Whatstandwell'. The platform at the original station still exists. The area was used as a goods yard after the present station was built. The contractor for the new station was W.C. Hardy of Derby. The new station opened on 11 November 1894.

A little way north was High Peak Junction at the base of the former rope-worked incline of the Cromford and High Peak Railway.

Stationmasters

 * Thomas Stevenson ca. 1853 ca. 1854
 * Robert Turner ca. 1857 - 1860
 * Luke Fox 1860 - 1864 (afterwards station master at Cudworth)
 * S. Greenhough from 1864
 * William Webster ca. 1871 - 1873 (afterwards station master at Chapel-en-le-Frith)
 * Brierly Ayton 1873 (formerly station master at Beauchief, appointed to Whatstandwell but died 27 February 1873)
 * William T. Stowell 1873 - 1876 (formerly station master at Wixford, afterwards station master at Crosby Garrett)
 * Edwin Hoe 1876 - 1879 (afterwards station master at Finedon)
 * George Simmons 1879 - 1883
 * Fred Watkin 1883 - 1887 (formerly station master at Stirchley Street, afterwards station master at Shefford)
 * Charles Whitmore 1887 - 1896 (formerly station master at Ratby)
 * H.T. Swain 1896 - 1900 (formerly station master at Penns)
 * Harry Smith Dawes 1900 - 1911 (formerly station master at New Mills, afterwards station master at Bakewell)
 * William Henry Hewitt 1911 - ca. 1937
 * E. Barker ca. 1946
 * A. Cyril Phillips until 1957

Services
All services at Whatstandwell are operated by East Midlands Railway using DMUs.

The typical off-peak service is one train per hour in each direction between Matlock and Nottingham via Derby.

On Sundays, the station is served by one train every two hours in each direction in the morning, increasing to hourly in the afternoon.

Facilities
The station has a single platform, which has direct access from the station car park and the A6 road. Additionally a footbridge crosses the railway line and gives access to the Cromford Canal towpath and to a bridge over the canal to Main Road, the village and Crich Tramway Village.

There is a shelter and ticket machine on the platform, and a full range of tickets for travel for any destination in the country can also be also purchased from the guard on the train. There is no ticket office or toilets and the station is generally unmanned.

A team of volunteers from the village helps to maintain the station and car park.

title: Whatstandwell railway station


text:
Wikipedia:Wikifun/Round 8/Answers/Question 14

 * Princes Street finally found by searching for Duke of York instead of Prince Frederick →Vik Reykja 01:00, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)