text:
Astra (missile)

Astra (Sanskrit: "Weapon") is an Indian family of all weather beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile, developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation. Different missiles of this family are capable of engaging targets at varying distances of 500 m up to 340 km. Astra Mk-1 has been integrated with Indian Air Force's Sukhoi Su-30MKI and will be integrated with Dassault Mirage 2000, HAL Tejas and Mikoyan MiG-29 in the future. Limited series production of Astra Mk-1 missiles began in 2017.

Description
Astra Mk-1 is 3.6 m long with a diameter of 178 mm and weighs 154 kg. It uses mid-course inertial guidance driven by fibre-optic gyroscope with terminal guidance through active radar homing. It is capable of receiving course corrections through a secure data link. The missile's active radar seeker, with a homing range of 25 km, was designed by Russia's Concern Morinformsystem-Agat but manufactured within India. The seeker can lock-on to a target with a radar cross section of 5 square metres from a distance of 15 km and enables off-boresight launches up to an angle of 45°. Some tests have been conducted in 2017 and 2018 using an indigenous seeker developed by Research Centre Imarat.

Astra Mk-1 is equipped with electronic counter-countermeasures to allow operation even during enemy attempts to jam the seeker using electronic countermeasures. It carries a 15 kg high explosive pre-fragmented warhead activated by a proximity fuse. It uses a smokeless solid fuelled motor that can propel the missile to a speed of Mach 4.5 and allows operation from a maximum altitude of 20 km. Its maximum range is 20 km in tail chase mode and 110 km in head on chase mode. The maximum range is achieved when the missile launched from an altitude of 15 km. When it is fired from an altitude of 8 km, the range drops to 44 km and when it is launched from sea level, the range drops further to 21 km. Astra's low aspect ratio wings allow it to engage manoeuvring targets up to a range of 90 km in head-on chase mode and 60 km in tail chase mode. It can be launched in both autonomous and buddy mode operation and can lock on to its target before or after it is launched.

Development
Preliminary work on Astra Mk-1 had begun by 1990 with the completion of a pre-feasibility study. It was revealed to the public for the first time at Aero India 1998. It was described as an elongated Matra Super 530D with a smaller diameter in front of the wings. The project to develop the missile was officially sanctioned in 2004 with a budget of inr 9550000000. The project was to be led by Defence Research and Development Laboratory with assistance from Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and Electronics Corporation of India Limited. The initial version of Astra Mk-1 reportedly weighed 300 kg with a range of 25 – and was planned to be integrated with HAL Tejas. It was tested for the first time in May 2003.

The missile was redesigned around 2006 due to control issues and performance deficiencies at high altitude. The initial design of four cruciform short-span long-chord wings were replaced by cropped delta wings placed near the nose. The redesigned missile had an improved propulsion system and was tested for the first time in 2008. By 2013, the missile had been redesigned again in response to multiple failures caused by adverse interactions between flight control surfaces. The control, guidance, and propulsion systems were also reconfigured. After the second redesign, the missile was lighter than the initial version by around 130 kg. It was tested from the ground thrice in December 2012 and captive trials from a Sukhoi Su-30MKI were held in April 2013.

Air-to-air missile versions

After the deployment of Astra Mk-1, several offshoot versions are being planned, including an imaging Infra-red homing missile tentatively classified as Astra-IR, a longer-range Astra Mk-2 version and a further development called Astra Mk-3.

India's DRDO is undertaking work on a Mk-2 version of the Astra missile and has planned to enhance its range using an in-house developed dual-pulse rocket motor by May 2022. The missile will have a similar design as well as share the smokeless propulsion of its predecessor Mk-1, boast a laser proximity fuze and some newer technologies like a home-grown AESA radar seeker. DRDO plans to extend the range of the Mk-2 version to 160 km, rivalling the American AIM-120D AMRAAM. India is planning to carry out the first test of the Astra Mark 2 missile in next few months.

A future Mk-3 variant based on a Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet (SFDR) engine is being jointly developed by India and Russia. The missile was first tested on 30 May 2018 and further test was carried out on 8 February 2019. The aim of the program to develop an indigenous missile rivalling the AIM-260 JATM and MBDA Meteor.

Surface-to-air missile versions
To fulfill the need of Indian Navy's replacement of Barak-1 short range surface-to-air missile system, DRDO successfully test fired two VL-SRSAM on 22 February 2021 at Odisha coast. The maiden launch tested the efficacy of vertical launch system and missile's maximum and minimum range. Both the missile successfully intercepted their target with pin point accuracy.

VL-SRSAM supersedes the cancelled Maitri missile project undertaken jointly by MBDA and DRDO based on the work done on MICA and Trishul. The missile will arm Indian Navy ships like tḥe Kamorta-class corvette as a short range air defense system. The missile uses jet vane based thrust vectoring control for high maneuverability. The missile may be guided by the Revathi radar which is being used extensively in Indian Navy ships like the Kamorta-class corvette.

Indian Air Force may also sport VL-SRSAM in truck-based launchers to supplement its Akash surface-to-air missile as a quick reaction system, similar to the Norwegian/American NASAM 2.

Astra Mark-1
Astra Mk-1 went through a series of ground tests from 2003 till 2012 in three different configurations to validate the airframe, propulsion system, control system, dual mode guidance and night firing capability. Carriage trials were carried out in 2009 and 2013 on Sukhoi Su-30MKI. In May 2014, it was fired for the first time in air. On 18 March 2015, it successfully performed manoeuvre of upto 30g while engaging the target. The missile was fired in public during Iron Fist 2016 exercise from Sukhoi Su-30MKI. During a series of seven tests in September 2017, Astra Mk-1 was tested twice with an indigenous seeker. During user trials in 2019, it hit a target at a distance of 90 km.

Astra Mk-1 with an indigenous seeker (instead of a Russian variant supplied by AGAT) is expected to be tested for the first time in May 2022.

Astra Mk-1 was successfully fired from HAL Tejas aircraft on 23 August 2023.

Astra Mark-2

During an annual press conference on October 4, 2022, IAF released footage of an Astra Mk-2 launched from a Su-30MKI using Unified Common Launcher developed by DRDO with industry partners for air-to-air missiles.

Reports released in April 2024 suggested that the missile will be tested in first half of 2024 with an initial target range of around 130 km.

Astra Mark-3
As per Ministry of Defence's Year End Review, Astra Mk-3 with solid fuel ducted ramjet (SFDR) propulsion was flight tested in 2023 which enabled the missile to intercept aerial threats over a far greater distance at supersonic speed. The missile was configured with nozzle-less booster, thrust modulation system and a sustainer engine to deliver specific impulse in ramjet mode.

Production
Astra completed final development trials in September 2017 and was cleared for production by Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL). The missile will be manufactured at Bhanur, Telangana for an initial order of 50 missiles. Additional order of 248 missiles were placed for Indian Air Force (200) and Indian Navy (48) for use on various platforms like Sukhoi Su-30MKI, HAL Tejas, MiG-29 / MiG-29K.

On 31 May 2022, Ministry of Defence (MoD) signed contract with BDL worth ₹2,971 crore (US$383 million) to produce 350+ units of Astra Mk-1 for Indian Air Force and Indian Navy under high priority Indian Designed, Developed and Manufactured (IDDM) category. DRDO already started the process of transferring technology of the missile and associated systems to BDL. Each missile will cost ₹7–8 crore. Astra Mk-1 along with other variants of this missile will progressively replace all Russian origin long range air to air missile in Indian fleet.

On 14 January 2024, Minister of State for Defence, Ajay Bhatt flagged off the first batch of production Astra Missiles for the Indian Air Force from Bharat Dynamics Limited's Kanchanbagh Unit in Hyderabad.

Exports
It was published in August 2023 that Brazil was exploring possibility of equipping its Gripen fighters with Astra Mk-1 missiles as a cost-effective option.

Operators

 * Indian Air Force
 * Indian Navy
 * Indian Navy

title: Astra (missile)


text: Category:400s BC deaths

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:400s BC deaths


text:
Talk:Canadian Broadcasting Centre

public tours
I don't know whether public tours are still available at this time. I've been on two tours, one in the summer of 1996 and again in 2003; both times the tours concentrated mostly on television ("everyone sit in front of Peter's desk") with very little coverage of the technical and radio areas of the building. Last time we were arranging the tour, there was some question as to whether there would be sufficient staffing in the audience relations department to conduct it. Besides our group of about a dozen geeks, there were a handful of other people (all Canadians except for us), so it seems likely that they may still be willing to give tours if enough people sign up in advance. There should probably be a link here to CBC Audience Relations but I'm too tired to look it up. 18.26.0.18 04:59, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * CBC no longer offers public tours, but visitors can tour the museum on the main level of the Toronto broadcast centre. Free of charge. Hours 9 am to 5 pm weekdays and Noon to 4 pm Saturday.  —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 66.95.60.80 (talk • contribs).

glenn gould studio
In honor of glen gould CBC built the Glenn Gould studio at 250 st. front West, Toronto. It is a combination of a concert hall and a broadcast center. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.235.191.122 (talk) 15:45, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

Requested move 22 August 2015

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved. No consensus that the proposed title is the most common name. Jenks24 (talk) 14:13, 30 August 2015 (UTC)

Canadian Broadcasting Centre → CBC Broadcast Centre – Per the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's website (see here) the Toronto production facility is called by and referred to internally and publicly as the CBC Broadcast Centre not Broadcasting Centre. Therefore I request this page be changed accordingly. YborCityJohn (talk) 01:16, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose — Referred to as Canadian Broadcasting Centre on the relevant CBC website. RGloucester  — ☎ 02:21, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose per RGloucester. ONR (talk) 06:27, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment: However, I'd like point out that if you look at their facility rental page its Broadcast Centre. YborCityJohn (talk) 16:05, 22 August 2015 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

External links modified
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Ownership of the Building
As far as I know, CBC no longer own the building. It was sold to SNC Lavalin and they lease space to the CBC, This happened in 2012. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2604:2000:14C5:8206:219:E3FF:FED3:9BF8 (talk) 14:14, 7 February 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Canadian Broadcasting Centre


text:
Talk:Haggadah

Article needs a lot of help
There are many mistakes in the article, it doesn't use the right tone. And there are more links than text in the article. In my opinion, the article should start again. I am starting a new version at Sandbox/Haggadah. ems 11:47, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

One more point, the article doesn't even talk about Kaddesh to Nirtzah. And it would seem the Artscroll haggadah isn't Orthodox, which isn't the case. ems 11:53, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I went ahead and "rewrote" the article, but only in terms of the language, not so much the facts. I also incorporated your ordering of the Seder. Perhaps you can add some more beef to the article factually and fix the errors you mentioned. (My knowledge of the Haggadah isn't so large ;) Also... I couldn't find much of anything that wasn't self-referential on the Kafra Haggadah. Chris 10:36, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Article name
Should it be Haggadah of Pesach or Haggadah shel Pesach? ems 14:03, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Haggadah of Pesach with a redirect from Haggadah shel Pesach? I'm also partial to Haggadah of Passover, because I don't know how many people will look for Pesach over Passover. Chris 04:12, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

I meant Haggadah of Pesach with everything redirecting to it, or Haggadah shel Pesach with everything redirecting to it? ems 11:47, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not familiar with what's normally done for articles related to Hebrew things. I'm more inclined to have Haggadah of Pesach because "shel" will be confusing for people who aren't familiar with Hebrew. Chris 03:06, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Well is Yinglish known better than Hebrew? ems 14:47, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Shouldn't this article also disambigulate to Aggadah?
 * It should be in the "See also" section. ems 01:40, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

bbcjchcjv jvjvvh — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:283:4E80:CAC0:66D9:ED83:5BE0:B4E6 (talk) 22:59, 7 December 2023 (UTC)

Merger
Voicing my disagreement with merger with Passover Seder. Both articles have potential in their own right, even if right now they are merely repeating each other. Chris 02:17, 1 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The Passover Seder article "repeating" of this article is also highly incorrect. Another vote of keeping both, I will work on fixing both, before Pesach this year. ems 11:57, 1 March 2006 (UTC)
 * These two articles must have a clearly defined scope. As it stands now there is a lot of overlap. As neither article links to each other, and there isn't anyone to my knowledge who contributed to both it seems that they were created independently with the same subject in mind. As the Haggadah is a book about the Pesach seder, I would suggest that Passover Seder deal with what goes on the first night of Peasach and Haggadah of Pesach deal only with the actual book, not what is inside it. It can deal with different manuscripts such as Sarajevo Haggadah, the history of the work, and the different commentators to it. Jon513 20:24, 1 March 2006 (UTC)
 * That's what I had in mind for the two articles. I've been working on doing some research on the history, but haven't had as much time as I'd like. I'd much rather see this article focus on the history of the book itself than on a description of what happens throughout the night. Chris 23:05, 1 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The order of the Seder is the whole haggadah. I plan on fixing both up. The haggadah article can talk about the haggadah while the Passover Seder can talk about the actual service. ems 00:16, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
 * So we seem to be in agreement that the Kaddesh, Urechatz, Karpas section should only be in Passover Seder. But if it is removed from the Haggadah there is no article left (alternativily: there is an article that needs to be written). In any even there should be some sort of tag at the top that point people who want the Kaddesh, Urechatz, Karpas to Passover Seder. perhaps:

Jon513 12:10, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I am saying just the other way around. Those are the actual contence of the haggadah - they just need expanding. Passover Seder should be about the service. Just like Sidur and Tefilah. ems 15:51, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I don`t understand. In Sidur it does not talk about the different part of prayer, or what is in the Sidur - that is in Tefilah.  In Sidur it talks about the history of the sidur, different versions and variations.  should`t it be the same here? namely kaddesh, urechatz karpas etc should be in passover seder Jon513 18:47, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

I don't agree that the Passover Seder article should be merged with the Haggadah article. The Haggadah is only the guide to how to conduct a Seder; there are other reasons and symbolism for why the Seder is going on. However, the way the Passover Seder article is written, it is nothing more than another version of the Haggadah article. And the way the Haggadah article is written, it looks like a laundry list rather than an encyclopedia. Let's rewrite both! Yoninah 23:29, 5 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Yoninah: It was you that had a talk with me about both the articles on IRC? If yes, what is your opinion now? And what would you say should be on what article? ems 20:12, 9 March 2006 (UTC)
 * NO, that was me. we both see that there is too much overlap with these two articles and one has to be severly cut.  I think most of the information should be in Passover Seder, you think most of it should be in Haggadah.  Frankly I don't really have such strong feeling either way.  If you want to change it, go ahead.  If you don't do it soon (one week), I'll do it my way.  deal?  Jon513 21:12, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

 * And I think that the information on the order of the Seder that's at the bottom of this article right now should be in Passover Seder, but fleshed out in much more detail. Just thought I'd add my two cents ;o) Seqsea (talk) 21:22, 9 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The order of the Seder is the whole thing that makes up the haggadah. The Passover Seder article should be about anything that isn't the order. Eg. minhaggim. ems 21:42, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Sorry of the confusion, I thought you might of had a different wikipedia and IRC nicknames. Its was nice talking to you. :) ems 21:37, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

this is kind of entertaining
The four questions in Klingon
 * Link dead. --Thnidu (talk) 07:58, 4 April 2018 (UTC)

Maybe it can be appended to the article or one of the related ones, in a tasteful way. I'll leave this to the discretion of the regular editors. Phr 00:52, 14 April 2006 (UTC)

 * there is currently an inactive klingon wikipeida, but I don't believe this belongs here. Jon513 16:36, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

Haggadah
Article haggadah should not redirect here as the Haggadah of Pesach is not the only haggadah. As I understand it haggadah is any traditional Jewish literature, including many portions of the Talmud. The redirect can and will confuse people into thinking that this article is what haggadah is, not what this specific haggadah is.--24.137.137.229 09:39, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

 * In contrast, I suggest that this article should move to Haggadah with a note at the top about aggadah. That would gibe with dictionaries such as Merriam-Webster and Dictionary.com. They define haggadah as meaning in one sense "aggadah" (spelled differently only because it's adopted into English from Aramaic) and in another sense the text of the Passover seder. Dictionary.com puts those meanings in the opposite order.
 * To the best of my understanding, "Passover Haggadah" is by far the more common meaning of "Haggadah" in the English language. "Haggadah" gets six times as many Google hits as "aggadah". When I checked the first 50 hits for "haggadah", every single one referred to the Passover Haggadah.
 * Also, consider the Jews. Among Jews, participation in the seder is the rule while participation in study of Jewish texts is the exception. In the USA, 4.3 million Jews attend a seder according to the 2000 survey.   Now consider the 5.2 million Israeli Jews. I didn't find the statistics, but it's safe to say that most of them attend a seder. Therefore the majority of the world's 13.0 million Jews attend a seder.
 * --Hoziron 07:28, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree with Hoziron, although the lead here should explain the other uses. Johnbod 14:03, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

set text of the haggadah
user:Rickyrab edited the article to reflect the view that there are many texts of the haggadah. While I can understand his confusion, as there are many different printings of the haggadah with different commentaries, the main text of the haggadah (a collection of Mishnaic passages) is almost invariably the same. 13:47, 6 April 2007 (UTC)
 * There is a traditional Haggadah text, true, but there are many variants based on this original plank. So, yeah, I reverted. —  Rickyrab | Talk 06:47, 7 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Furthermore, "almost invariably" implies there are variations nonetheless. —  Rickyrab | Talk 06:48, 7 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Can you point me to a single different text of the haggadah? I cannot think of any.  When I said "almost invariably" I was referring to minor difference in kiddush and some of the songs at the end.  It it is still at it's core the very same text.  There may be a few feminist, communist or Christians who change the haggadah for their own reason, but it would be giving them undo weight to present radical changes from fringe groups in the last few decades (of a book that is 2000 years old!) as a major alternate text. Jon513 17:39, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

Ricky, I understand your perspective. But you have to acknowledge that until the 19th century there was the Tannaitic source that the Haggadah is, with some Rishonic and Early Acharonic additions. After that, modifications have been made by various streams of Judaism. Those tend to be minor. JFW | T@lk  23:38, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately, My family uses the goyische(Reconstructionist/secular humanistic) hagadah(because my grandfather is so vehemently anti anything that smells even remotely frum, even if it is reform.)So the text is so drastically different, it lacks most of the canonized text and the integral parts(I have sat my family down and actually handed copies I made of the hagadah (the canon text) so that we could have a real Seder, in the original Hebrew/Aramaic. So, yea there are modern day changes that have become normal(If you could call a hagadah printed in 1902 and used in my family, however torn., stained or ragged, since we came to America, Modern) Then again, it skips most of magid and the eser hamakos.

Ah git voch und a git moed --Shuli 01:42, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

 * It might be useful to organize a discussion of the texts by denomination, noting that Orthodox Judaism uses a fairly consistent standard text with only very minor variations, that Conservative Judaism generally uses the same standard text but may make somewhat more variations, and that Reconstructionist Judaism, Reform Judaism, and Humanistic Judaism use different texts, and provide some of the text(s) they use. In addition to its wide contemporary use (Orthodox Judaism is the dominant denomination in the world and the other variants are widespread only in North America), the standard text is very old, key elements of it go back to the days of the Talmud almost or completely verbatim, and hence has a great deal of history to it. I believe its historical role adds to its notability. --Shirahadasha 04:08, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I am not Jewish and know next to nothing about Jewish celebrations. I have only the foggiest notion of what Passover is about. But in light of the above comment, I am including one of my own.

 * Recently at the supermarket, I saw a display filled with copies of the Passover Haggadah that Maxwell House Coffee distributes gratis. It's 58 pages long, and reads back to front with Hebrew on the right-hand pages and English on the left-hand pages. There's also a photograph of the Seder plate and discussion of what goes on it. The introduction says that they were the first company to market Kosher coffee. Beginning in 1932, to mark the relationship with their Jewish customers and to ensure that tradition passes between the generations, they began distributing these booklets. They currently print over 1,000,000 copies a year for a total of 50,000,000 to date. They claim that it's the most widely used Haggadah in the world. It is produced under the guidance of "Rabbis and scholars". From the brief introduction: "While this Haggadah is complete, with no deletions from the traditional version, it has been revised to create the most meaningful Seder experience." And: "The English text has been edited for greater clarity."

 * My point is that if the claims are true (The NYT article linked below quotes the same numbers), then this version of the Passover Haggadah (the title on the cover) must be quite influential, at least in the USA, especially for those persons who are not particularly religious and just want to celebrate their heritage this one time a year. If you didn't know about this booklet's existence before, at least now you do.

 * Maxwell House Coffee webiste, but I couldn't find the booklet mentioned: http://www.maxwellhousecoffee.com/

 * Instructions on how to get a copy by mail from the company: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Can_you_get_Passover_Haggadahs_from_Maxwell_House

 * A New York Times article that says, in part: "But of the 7,000 known versions, not to mention the countless homemade editions, there is one that is used more than all others combined. Since 1932, the Maxwell House Haggadah — as in the coffee company — has dominated American Jewish ritual." (There's even more NYT coverage and also coverage in other papers.): http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/opinion/sunday/why-a-haggadah.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0

 * This article from the JTA website discusses the recent English changes, the first since 1933: http://www.jta.org/news/article/2011/03/22/3086473/three-new-passover-haggadahs-and-a-facelift-for-an-old-favorite

 * "Obama hosts Passover Seder Friday, will use Maxwell House Haggadah again": http://www.suntimes.com/news/sweet/11695458-452/obama-hosts-passover-seder-friday-will-use-maxwell-house-haggadah-again.html

 * A fan blog about the booklet: http://maxwellhousehaggadahproject.tumblr.com/

 * These are copies from previous years for collectors: http://www.alibris.com/search/books/author/Maxwell%20House/title/Passover-Haggadah

 * Meanwhile, it's interesting and I'm learning a lot. I hope this helps your article in some way, Wordreader (talk) 22:40, 2 March 2013 (UTC)

Birds' Head Haggadah?
No mention of the Birds' Head Haggadah? -- Deborahjay (talk) 06:57, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

Karaite and other versions
Perhaps it is possible to mention in this article that there also Karaite and Reform publications of the Haggadah. When I try to write this I see that my edits are permanently deleted from the same user. I think that Wikipedia articles should be neutral and not influenced by religious fanaticism. Informationskampagne (talk) 15:35, 22 January 2016 (UTC)
 * If complaining about an experienced editors "religious fanaticism" looks like the best way to make your point, then perhaps the half year of no replies to your post has convinced you this was really not the best way to start off a good discussion on a community edited encyclopedia? Debresser (talk) 21:04, 20 July 2016 (UTC)

I have also found Samaritan versions. If wikipedia is really neutral, then the reader should have the possibility to get all informations about the Haggadah that he needs, instead to get only an orthodox-jewish view co-edited by Hashem. Informationskampagne (talk) 12:25, 22 July 2016 (UTC)

 * I find your attitude insulting. Your edits violate WP:LEAD and WP:UNDUE, and I am really not inclined to discuss with an editor who insults me and edit wars. Please be aware that both personal insults and edit warring may lead to restriction of your editing privileges. Debresser (talk) 13:43, 22 July 2016 (UTC)

I think you are the only person who can not accept my edits about the Karaite versions etc. Let us please solve the problem in peace. You are welcome to write a sentence about the Karaite and Samaritan versions. The Reform version is mentioned. Informationskampagne (talk) 14:59, 25 July 2016 (UTC)

Some sources:

Karaite:

A Russian version: Hagadah Ḳaraimtsa ṿe-Rustsa = Povi︠e︡stvovanīe na Paskhu po-karaimski i po-russki, Abraham Firkowitsch, Vilʹna : Tip. I. T︠S︡īonsona, 1907

Egyptian version: Passover Haggadah according to the custom of the Karaite Jews of Egypt / [Hagadah shel Pesaḥ : ke-minhag ha-Yehudim ha-Ḳaraʼim] = Passover haggadah : according to the custom of the Karaite Jews of Egypt, edited by Y. Yaron ; translation by A. Qanai̤, Pleasanton, Calif. : Karaite Jews of America, 2000

The Samaritan:

זבח קרבן הפסח : הגדה של פסח, נוסח שומרוני (Samaritan Haggada & Pessah Passover / Zevaḥ ḳorban ha-Pesaḥ : Hagadah shel Pesaḥ, nusaḥ Shomroni = Samaritan Haggada & Pessah Passover), Avraham Nur Tsedaḳah, Tel Aviv, 1958

Informationskampagne (talk) 15:12, 25 July 2016 (UTC)

 * What does all of this do to answer my objections? Debresser (talk) 18:46, 25 July 2016 (UTC)

At first,

I would like to say that you have never argued in the sense of the problem and then, I also think that it is not fair to say that I am doing an edit-war. I think you are doing the edit war.

I also think that it says something about you and your way to edit that on the Arbitration/Requests is this to read: "Debresser (talk · contribs) is banned from the topic of the Arab-Israeli conflict, broadly construed, for three months. Lord Roem ~ (talk) 05:26, 27 July 2016 (UTC)" about you (the matter of the thing is also jewish).

If you will continue to allow no objective processing (and I think that your problem has a political-religious matter and not the matter of objectivism) I will also bring this before the Arbitration Committee. Informationskampagne (talk) 12:57, 27 July 2016 (UTC)

 * If anything my conduct here has been overly civil in view of your personal attacks and constant reverts. I would have dragged you to WP:ANI a long time ago, if not that your edits are so lame. Debresser (talk) 15:13, 27 July 2016 (UTC)

Third Opinion
A Third Opinion has been requested, but it isn't clear what the question is. I see that there is an old history of edits and reverts, but it isn't even obvious from that what the question is. The discussion here only indicates antipathy between the editors, and I don't know what the question is. The article should, in my non-Jewish opinion, list all of the versions, but I don't know what the question is. I am leaving the question up in case someone can parse it. Robert McClenon (talk) 14:20, 30 July 2016 (UTC)

Is it objective and right to mention or to present the Karaite and Samaritan version in this article?

Another Thing: I would also like to know why debresser is against this presentation (still don't know his arguments) and what to do with him if he he is doing vandalism? Informationskampagne (talk) 02:19, 1 August 2016 (UTC)

 * As I stated above, it is my non-Jewish opinion that all of the various versions of the Haggadah, such as the Samaritan and the Karaite versions, should be mentioned.
 * As to the other question, User:Informationskampagne, read the boomerang essay, and read what is not vandalism. The allegation of vandalism, when there is a content dispute rather than vandalism, is a personal attack, and a very strong personal attack.  User:Debresser is sometimes a stubborn editor, but he absolutely is not a vandal, and allegations of vandalism, when there is a content dispute rather than vandalism, may warrant a block of the editor making the false allegation of vandalism.  If you really think that Debresser is engaging in vandalism, then you should report him at WP:AIV.  If there really was vandalism, his account will probably be blocked, likely because it was compromised, because he is not a vandal.  If you were merely yelling "vandalism" to "win" a content dispute, you may be blocked.  Robert McClenon (talk) 02:39, 1 August 2016 (UTC)
 * I think that I agreed with you, User:Informationskampagne, until you asked about vandalism, at which point you made your entire case unworthy. Robert McClenon (talk) 02:39, 1 August 2016 (UTC)
 * I am removing the Third Opinion request as answered. Robert McClenon (talk) 02:39, 1 August 2016 (UTC)

 * I have no problem with mentioning other traditions. I would be very happy if Informationskampagne would write a section about Karaite and Samaritan haggadas. After that we could also add a mention in the lead. The edit made by Informationskampagne previously violates WP:LEAD and WP:UNDUE, as I said above. Not to mention that the English was no good, and I wasn't especially inclined to fix it, for several reasons. Debresser (talk) 10:49, 1 August 2016 (UTC)

1. The question about if he is doing vandalism, is a question and at this point not more. 2. Debresser: "I have no problem with mentioning other traditions" ok, I do not know why you changed your opinion, but I will mention this variations with a sentence under the section about the reform haggadot.Informationskampagne (talk) 14:27, 3 August 2016 (UTC)

I would also like to say that Debresser tried or is still trying to block my account, see: Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents Informationskampagne (talk) 14:32, 3 August 2016 (UTC)

 * 1) You were told clearly that there is no question whether I am a vandal or not.
 * 2) I didn't change my opinion. I said from the beginning that there problems are WP:LEAD and WP:UNDUE. Check above.
 * 3) I am not trying to get your account blocked. My request at WP:ANI is for some admin to talk some sense into you and to stop the personal attacks.
 * 4) I am, however, seriously doubting your fitness to be an editor on Wikipedia. Your latest response shows you can not even understand what people write. Debresser (talk) 22:52, 3 August 2016 (UTC)

 * I don't understand your usage of references. Is the Samaritan haggadah a source for the statement that "the Samaritans developed their own Haggadot which they use to the present day", or is it an illustration of that fact. In the latter case, it is not really a reference. And the same is true about the two Karaite haggadas: from the location where you put the references, I understand that these are illustrations, not references. So basically, your section has no sources, just examples. Debresser (talk) 23:02, 3 August 2016 (UTC)

Request Edit - Public Domain and CC0 English Text
I have a COI (I work for Sefaria), and have discussed it on WikiProject:Judaism.

Sefaria has 8 different full English translations of the Haggadah - a modern one which is licensed CC0, and 7 historically interesting ones, all in the Public Domain.

 * 1) A. Alexander 1787 - The First English Haggadah
 * 2) D. Levi, New York, 1837 - First American Edition. Translated by David Levi, of London.
 * 3) Times of London, 1840 - Printed in response to Damascus blood libel
 * 4) Mendes, London, 1862
 * 5) Chicago, 1879
 * 6) Green, 1897 - First Bowdlerized Haggadah
 * 7) Luncz, 1901 - First haggadah printed by blind printer  — Preceding unsigned comment added by LevEliezer (talk • contribs) 06:27, 21 March 2017 (UTC)

I believe that a link to this would fall under section 2 of WP:ELYES.

Link should probably be to the Table of Contents for Pesach Haggadah

LevEliezer (talk) 06:42, 18 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Per the discussion at the conflict of interest noticeboard and WikiProject Judaism, which were favorably disposed to granting this edit request, I have added the link. Altamel (talk) 01:33, 2 August 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Haggadah


text:
Variscale

A variscale is variable length mechanical scale (ruler) designed to directly measure latitude and longitude on USGS maps.

title: Variscale


text:
Milton, Australia

Milton, Australia, may refer to:
 * Milton, New South Wales
 * Milton, Queensland

title: Milton, Australia


text: Category:540s BC deaths

title: Category:540s BC deaths


text:
Ron Lipsett

Ronald F. Lipsett (born January 19, 1944) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1987 to 1990 who represented the central Ontario riding of Grey.

Background
Lipsett was educated at the University of Western Ontario. He is a fifth-generation cattle farmer in Silcote Corner, near Owen Sound, Ontario. He served as a trustee on the Grey County Board of Education, and a director of Formosa Mutual Insurance Company.

Politics
He was elected to the Ontario legislature in the 1987 provincial election, defeating Progressive Conservative Bill Murdoch by about 2,000 votes in the riding of Grey. Lipsett was a backbench supporter of David Peterson's government during his time in the legislature. He was a parliamentary assistant to the Minister of Energy in 1989-90.

The Liberals were defeated in the 1990 election, and Lipsett placed third against Murdoch and NDP candidate Peggy Hutchinson in his bid for re-election.

Later life
Lipsett returned to the Formosa Mutual Insurance Company (later renamed Trillium Mutual Insurance) after his defeat, and has been marketing manager since 1991. He oversees advertising and sponsorship programs in the company.

title: Ron Lipsett


text: Category:550s BC deaths

title: Category:550s BC deaths


text: Category:Rivers of North America

title: Category:Rivers of North America


text: Category:560s BC deaths

title: Category:560s BC deaths


text:
James Winterwood

Sir James Winterwood is a fictional English traveller, adventurer and writer in the second half of the 19th century and a recurring character of the Brazilian writer Rita Maria Felix da Silva. He was introduced in the short story San Juan Romero. In the stories, James travelled around the world collecting "curious facts" to use in his books. More frequently than he would like, these facts turned out to be supernatural.

During his adventures, James found the dark secret about a Mexican village; he was involved in the strange contend between Lord Douglas Whitehill and the bizarre Skykeeper and, by dreams, travelled to Earth's past and knew Mareish-Loh (the Spirit of Winter). At another moment, he had a dangerous meeting with the Egyptian mythological monster called "the Ammut". He was in Brazil (where he found out about the refuge of monsters and other supernatural beings called "Arena"), and in Portugal, when he involuntarily participated in Jose Fagundo de Solemar's plans, a sorcerer of Coimbra.

Four important features define James Winterwood:

1. A melancholic temperament (as result of James' tendency to try to "understand" the reality, more specifically the "evil in the world and in the human heart").

2. An extraordinary memory. Since he accumulated a plenty of painful memories during his life, James practiced memory-blockage, using a technique he learned from an African shaman.

3. A heart probably sapient that works as his conscience, "talking" to him and advising him. In the 21st century, Sam Winterwood, of who James was ancestor, had a heart like him.

4. His desire that his books can make his name immortal.

Other Winterwoods
Later, other short stories written by Rita Maria Felix da Silva showed James Winterwood as a probable ancestor of the following characters:

1. Nora Winterwood (the fictional deceased writer, author of the book "Eight Minutes Under Water" in "O Tempo Apos"/Time After). Nora was Neil's niece and Jacob's cousin. She is cited by Jacob in the epilogue of "Khen-Zur".

2. Sam Winterwood (a depressed and suicidal man who finds he is immortal, in "Meu Segredo"/My Secret)

3. Neil Winterwood (the fictional author of "A Little Dictionary of the Hidden Things", a book about occultism, and "Quintessence", in which he ponders about the "universe's secret"), who is cited in "O Segredo de Chica"/Chica's Secret," a quote from Neil Winterwood in "Comentário Sangüíneo" (Bloody Commentary). In this quote, Neil defines the term "bela arte noturna" (beautiful nocturne art), a reference to vampirical conditions/practices in opposition to human condition.

4. Jacob Winterwood (an English archeologist who worked for the speculator/supposed mystical objects collector/British gangster Lucius Whitehill. He is featured in "Khen-Zur" and was killed by Morgan H. Pierce, a Lucius's henchman). Jacob was Neil's nephew and Nora's cousin.

title: James Winterwood


text: User talk:129.2.237.150

title: User talk:129.2.237.150


text:
York (federal electoral district)

York was a federal electoral district in New Brunswick, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1917.

It was created as part of the British North America Act of 1867. It consisted of the County of York. It was abolished in 1914 when it was merged into York—Sunbury riding.

Members of Parliament
This riding elected the following members of Parliament:

Election results
By-election: On Mr. Fisher's resignation, 3 October 1868 to become Judge of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick

By-election: On Mr. Pickard's death, 17 December 1883

By-election: On election being declared void by a Court decision, 11 June 1901

By-election: On Mr. Crocket being appointed judge, 11 December 1913

title: York (federal electoral district)


text:
Puteri Gunung Ledang (film)

Puteri Gunung Ledang (English: Princess Of Mount Ledang) is a 2004 Malaysian Malay-language epic period fantasy romance film directed by Saw Teong Hin. The film is based on the Malay legend of the Gunung Ledang princess, who is said to have lived on top of Gunung Ledang, and a Malaccan sultan's effort to court her. The film stars Tiara Jacquelina (who also co-produces it alongside Shazalli Ramly), M. Nasir and Adlin Aman Ramlie.

It was the first big-budget Malaysian movie ever made, with a production cost of US$4 million.

Development
Mamat Khalid pitched the original idea of creating a love story between the Princess of Mount Ledang and legendary warrior Hang Tuah for a television series called Hikayat. When Tiara Jacquelina heard his story, she stopped him from pursuing the project, insisting that the story was "too good" for television. The story was eventually expanded into a film project.

Filming took place over the course of 92 days spread over nine months. Meanwhile, Tiara had visited the Mangkunegaran Palace in Solo, Java to do further research to prepare her for the 'princess' role.

Plot
Set in the late 15th-century Sultanate of Malacca and the Javanese kingdom of Majapahit, against a backdrop of war and mysticism, the film is about the forbidden romance that blossomed between Gusti Putri, a Javanese Hindu princess, and Hang Tuah, the famed Malay Muslim warrior from Melaka.

Gusti Putri Retno Dumillah (Tiara Jacquelina), a princess of the Majapahit Kingdom, has fallen in love with Malaccan warrior Hang Tuah (M. Nasir). The Princess leaves her assigned palace life without the consent of her king, traveling to Mount Ledang in the hopes of being reunited with her beloved.

Soon after the princess’ parting, Majapahit is attacked by the Sultanate of Demak. Desperate to quell the invasion, Gusti Putri's brother and King, Gusti Adipati Handaya Ningrat (Alex Komang), offers his sister's hand in marriage to the Prince of Demak. Her absence renders this solution impossible. The King's only hope for security is to forge an alliance with the Malaccan Sultanate by offering his sister's hand in marriage to Sultan Mahmud of Malacca (Adlin Aman Ramli).

Hang Tuah is ordered to head the royal delegation to present the royal proposal to Gusti Putri. The warrior leads the convoy up Mount Ledang. Gusti Adipati is angry that Hang Tuah is getting in his way and invokes supernatural powers to combat him. Despite his supernatural prowess, he is defeated by Hang Tuah and his magical Taming Sari kris. The injured Gusti Adipati expresses that the fate of his country is more important than love, and Hang Tuah's meddling has destroyed his only hope of saving his people. The guilty Hang Tuah resigns from his post as Admiral and cast his Taming Sari kris into the river, never to be found again.

After a fleeting reunion, the Princess is aware that her beloved's foremost duty is that of a warrior. Despite confessing his love for her, Hang Tuah will not forsake the Sultan's wishes. Brokenhearted, she agrees to marry the Sultan on the proviso that he can fulfill seven prohibitive conditions:
 * A bridge made of pure gold from Malacca to Mount Ledang;
 * Another bridge made of pure silver from Mount Ledang to Malacca;
 * Seven trays (dulang) of the hearts of mosquitoes;
 * Seven trays (dulang) of the hearts of the germs;
 * Seven jars (tempayan) of the juice of young betel nuts (Note: Young betel nuts do not have juice);
 * Seven jars (tempayan) of the tears of virgins
 * One bowl of blood from his fondest and only son, Prince Ahmad.

When the Sultan learns of the Princess' prohibitive conditions, he is more determined to marry her. But before he can draw blood from his son, a mental projection of Gusti Putri appears before him, explaining that her conditions were in fact an indirect refusal of his proposal. The angered Sultan plants a curse on her, stating that from next sunlight whomsoever sees the princess will die coughing blood.

Hang Tuah, having heard of the curse of the Sultan from the Bendahara, rushes to Mount Ledang to see her one last time. He only arrives after the sun has risen, but Gusti Putri reveals herself to him. It is unknown what their final fate will be.

Cast

 * Tiara Jacquelina as Gusti Putri, the Mount Ledang princess
 * M. Nasir as Hang Tuah
 * Rahim Razali as Datuk Bendahara
 * Adlin Aman Ramlie as Sultan Mahmud Shah
 * Sofia Jane as Queen Tun Teja
 * Khir Rahman as Tun Mamat
 * Alex Komang as Gusti Adipati Handaya Ningrat
 * Christine Hakim as Bayan
 * Ruminah Sidek as Nenek Kebayan (Gusti Putri's alter ego)
 * Azmil Mustapha as Pangeran Demak
 * Sabri Yunus as Sang Setia
 * Man Bai as Iqbal
 * Radhi Khalid as Tapik
 * Slamet Rahardjo as Patih
 * Muhammad Naufal Nasullah as Raja Ahmad
 * Melissa Saila as Raja Ahmad's Governess
 * Dian Sastrowardoyo as Medicine Seller's Daughter (cameo)

Tiara Jacquelina and M Nasir also provide the theme songs for the film ; the former with "Asmaradana" produced by Edry Abdul Halim, while the latter with "Bagaikan Sakti" which features Siti Nurhaliza.

Awards
Puteri Gunung Ledang won five awards at the Malaysian Film Festival 2004 including best director, best screenplay, best art direction, best music score. Tiara Jacquelina won the "Best Actress" category at the 50th Asia Pacific Film Festival, as well as the "Best Producer" award at the inaugural Asian Festival of First Films in Singapore (2005).

This film was submitted as Malaysia's official entry for the 2004 Academy Awards but failed to be long-listed.

Adaptation
The Legend of Gunung Ledang is set during the rule of Sultan Mahmud. At this time, Hang Tuah was already an old man at the end of his career, for he had begun his royal service during the reign of Sultan Mansur, who was Sultan Mahmud's grandfather. The film modifies this by making Hang Tuah still a physically capable man.

The most notable change to the film is that the original legend doesn't feature any romantic relationship between Hang Tuah and the Princess of Gunung Ledang. In some versions of the tale, Hang Tuah did not even make it to the peak of Mount Ledang, for he was already ailing in health. The man who made it to the peak and presented the proposal in Hang Tuah's stead is a young warrior named Tun Mamat. The Puteri was also never subject to any curse from the Sultan, for he was the one who rejected her, not the other way round as depicted in the film.

Relatively minor changes are that the Princess is a Majapahit human princess with supernatural abilities, while in the legend she is not of this world.

title: Puteri Gunung Ledang (film)


text:
User:Kmorozov

Personal info

 * Name – Konstantin Morozov
 * Birth date – 31 July 1977

Some links

 * WikiProject Middle Ages/New Articles
 * Portal:Russia/New article announcements
 * Portal:Germany/New article announcements
 * User:Bluemoose/AutoWikiBrowser
 * Manual_of_Style
 * Tools/Navigation popups
 * Naming conventions (names and titles)
 * AfD in 3 steps

Milestones

 * 18 April 2005. My first edit in the Wikipedia. It was a minor edit in the Russia.
 * 16 November 2005 My 1000th edit. It was Ashot I, i simply added him into Category:History of Armenia.
 * 20 December 2005 My 2000th edit. I endowed the List of rulers of Bavaria.
 * 20 January 2006 DYK for Anna Petrovna, thanks to User:Ghirlandajo for the nomination.
 * 24 January 2006 DYK for Andrey Matveyev, thanks to User:Ghirlandajo for the nomination.
 * 27 January 2006 DYK for the Military Gallery, thanks to User:Ghirlandajo for the nomination.
 * 2 February 2006 DYK for Nikolay Raevsky, thanks to User:Ghirlandajo for the nomination.
 * 2 February 2006 My 3000th edit. The article about Palatinate-Neuburg was started.
 * 20 February 2006 DYK for Dashi-Dorzho Itigelov thanks to User:Ghirlandajo for the nomination.
 * 27 February 2005 My 4000th edit. Continued work on Ancestors of Nicholas II of Russia.
 * 7 March 2006 DYK for Anna of Kashin, thanks to User:Ghirlandajo for the nomination.
 * 22 March 2006 Started the History of Saxony, my 200th article.
 * 24 March 2006 My 5000th edit. Updated Template:Project missing articles.
 * 31 March 2006 DYK for the Slavonic translations of the Bible, thanks to User:Ghirlandajo for the nomination.
 * 1 April 2006 DYK for the Ostrog Bible, thanks to User:Ghirlandajo for the nomination.
 * 6 April 2006 DYK for the Losiny Ostrov National Park.
 * 13 April 2006 DYK for the Fersman Mineralogical Museum, thanks to User:Ghirlandajo for the nomination.
 * 19 April 2006 My 6000th edit in the Template:RBD
 * 13 October 2006 My second 6000th edit :( in the Service component architecture
 * 2 December 2006 DYK for the Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery, thanks to User:Ghirlandajo for the nomination.
 * 14 December 2006 My 7000th edit is a small fix in The Second Invasion from Mars.
 * 26 February 2007 DYK for the Banking in Russia (regulations)
 * 6 March 2007 My 8000th edit is a small fix in Prince Georgi Konstantinovich of Russia.
 * 13 March 2007 DYK for the Eastern journey of Nicholas II. My first self-nom.
 * 18 March 2007 DYK for Alexander von Stieglitz
 * 30 September 2008 DYK for Grigory Dmitriyevich Stroganov, self-nom.

to be continued...

ru:Участник:Kmorozov

title: User:Kmorozov


text:
Blaker Fortress

Blaker Fortress (Blaker skanse) is  a former defense facility located at the village of Blaker in Akershus country, Norway.

It was one of the Norwegian fortresses which were constructed in the period of intense competition among the Baltic powers (Denmark-Norway, Sweden, Russia, Poland and the German states) for northern supremacy. In 1675 Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve, Governor-general of Norway, indicated an intent to construct a fortress in the Glomma river where Blaker lies as part of his general program of Norwegian fortification upgrades. His objective was a stronghold available both to serve as a safe defensive position when necessary and a location to station troops who could take the offensive against invaders when the opportunity availed itself. Blaker Fortress saw action in 1718, when it was surrounded by the invading Swedish army, but the siege collapsed upon the death of King Charles XII of Sweden in front of Fredriksten Fortress.

The 17th and beginning of the 18th century was a period of virtually continuous war or preparation for war, as follows:

 * 1611 to 1613 - Kalmar War
 * 1618 to 1648 - Thirty Years' War
 * 1655 to 1658 – Northern Wars
 * 1673 to 1675 – Fortification Upgrades
 * 1675 to 1679 – Gyldenløve War
 * 1700 to 1721 – Great Northern War

Blaker Fortress was de-commissioned as a fortress in 1820, but remained a military area until 1893. From 1917 to 2003, Statens Husflidsskole (now University College of Akershus conducted classes on site.

Other sources

 * Norges festninger by Guthorm Kavli; Universitetsforlaget; 1987; ISBN 82-00-18430-7

title: Blaker Fortress


text:
Topophilia

Topophilia (From Greek topos "place" and -philia, "love of" ) is a strong sense of place, which often becomes mixed with the sense of cultural identity among certain people and a love of certain aspects of such a place.

History of the term
Alan Watts's autobiography, In My Own Way (1972), starts with the sentence: "Topophilia is a word invented by the British poet John Betjeman for a special love for peculiar places." But it was W. H. Auden who used the term in his 1948 introduction to John Betjeman's poetry book Slick but Not Streamlined, stressing that the term "has little in common with nature love" but depended upon a landscape infused with a sense of history. The term later appeared in the French philosopher Gaston Bachelard's highly influential The Poetics of Space (1958). Yi-Fu Tuan employed the term for the feeling-link between person and place as part of his development of a humanistic geography. James W. Gibson, in his book A Reenchanted World (2009) also argues that topophilia or "love of place" is a biologically based, close cultural connection to place. Gibson says that such connections mostly have been destroyed in modernity but argues that "more and more people are trying to reinvent them."

In relation to local sports
Mike Cronin in his article "Enshrined in Blood the Naming of Gaelic Athletic Association Grounds and Clubs" (The Sports Historian, 18, 1) has noted the opportunities sport stadia have for topophilia. Referring to the work of sports geographer John Bale, he cites five metaphors that make stadiums particularly topophilic:

 * 1) They are 'sacred spaces' for their followers, particularly if euphoric or tragic incidents have taken place within them, such as the Hillsborough disaster.
 * 2) They often have 'scenic' qualities, such as the view of the Gateway Arch at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri.
 * 3) As a 'home' to the team and the fans, it can have psychological advantages to both.
 * 4) The stadium might be a 'tourist' attraction to visitors, a must-see venue.  Some stadiums, such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground have fee-charging tours when matches are not even occurring.
 * 5) Deep local pride and patriotism may be tied up with particular stadiums or arenas.

Use in the media
Topophilia, a feature-length documentary from 2015 by artist Peter Bo Rappmund that follows the Trans-Alaska Pipeline.

Dark side
Topophilia also has a darker side, serving as a motive force behind nationalism and social exclusion, and even extending sometimes to the nazist celebration of Blood and Soil.

title: Topophilia


text: User talk:4.63.146.148

title: User talk:4.63.146.148


text:
Future Combat Systems

Future Combat Systems (FCS) was the United States Army's principal modernization program from 2003 to early 2009. Formally launched in 2003, FCS was envisioned to create new brigades equipped with new manned and unmanned vehicles linked by an unprecedented fast and flexible battlefield network. The U.S. Army claimed it was their "most ambitious and far-reaching modernization" program since World War II. Between 1995 and 2009, $32 billion was expended on programs such as this, "with little to show for it".

One of the programs that came out of the $32 billion expenditure was the concept of tracking friendly ("blue") forces on the field via a GPS-enabled computer system known as Blue Force Tracking (BFT). The concept of BFT was implemented by the US Army through the Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and Below (FBCB2) platform. The FBCB2 system in particular and the BFT system in general have won numerous awards and accolades, including: recognition in 2001 as one of the five best-managed software programs in the entire U.S. Government, the 2003 Institute for Defense and Government Advancement's award for most innovative U.S. Government program, the 2003 Federal Computer Week Monticello Award (given in recognition of an information system that has a direct, meaningful impact on human lives), and the Battlespace Information 2005 "Best Program in Support of Coalition Operations". The proof-of-concept success of FBCB2, its extensive testing during Operation Foal Eagle (FE 99, FE 00), its certification at the Fort Irwin National Training Center, and its proven field usage in live combat operations spanning over a decade in Iraq and Afghanistan have led to BFT adoption by many users including the United States Marine Corps, the United States Air Force, the United States Navy ground-based expeditionary forces (e.g., United States Naval Special Warfare Command (NSWC) and Navy Expeditionary Combat Command (NECC) units), the United Kingdom, and German Soldier System IdZ-ES+.

In April and May 2009, Pentagon and army officials announced that the FCS vehicle-development effort would be canceled. The rest of the FCS effort would be swept into a new, pan-army program called the Army Brigade Combat Team Modernization Program.

Development history

The early joint DARPA–Army Future Combat Systems program to replace the M1 Abrams main battle tank and Bradley Fighting Vehicles envisioned robotic vehicles weighing under six tons each and controlled remotely by manned command and control vehicles.

In February 2001 DARPA awarded $5.5 million to eight teams to develop unmanned ground combat vehicles (UGCV). Teams led by General Dynamics Land Systems, Carnegie Mellon University, and Omnitech Robotics were awarded nearly $1 million each to develop UGCVs prototypes. Five other teams were to develop UGCVs payloads.

In May 2003 the DoD commenced the development and demonstration phase in a $14.92 billion contract.

As planned, FCS included the network; unattended ground sensors (UGS); unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs); unmanned ground vehicles; and the eight manned ground vehicles.

The Boeing Company and Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) worked together as the lead systems integrators, coordinating more than 550 contractors and subcontractors in 41 states.

A spiral model was planned for FCS development and upgrades. As of 2004, FCS was in the System Development and Demonstration (SDD) phase, which included four two-year spirals. Spiral 1 was to begin fielding in Fiscal Year 2008 and consist of prototypes for use and evaluation. Following successful evaluation, production and fielding of Spiral 2 would have commenced in 2010. The evaluation was conducted by the Army Evaluation Task Force (AETF), previously known as Evaluation Brigade Combat Team (EBCT), stationed in Fort Bliss. As of December 2007, AETF consisted of 1,000 soldiers from the 1st Armored Division.

In August 2005, the program met 100% of the criteria in its most important milestone, System of Systems Functional Review. On October 5, 2005, Pentagon team recommended "further delaying the Army's Future Combat Systems program" in light of the costs of the Iraq War, Hurricane Katrina, and expected declines in future budgets.

The Pentagon announced plans in January 2006 to cut $236 million over five years from the $25 billion FCS 2007–2011 budget. The entire program was expected to cost $340 billion. As of late December 2006, funding was scaled back for critical elements of the overall FCS battlespace, and the most advanced elements were deferred.

Decreases in the Army’s funding and the high cost of developing the intelligent munition system caused the DoD to delete the project from the FCS contract, and the XM1100 Scorpion was established as a stand-alone program in January 2007.

The Class II and Class III UAVs were canceled in May 2007.

In June 2007, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) criticized the "close working relationship" between the Army and the lead system integrators. The GAO recommended the Office of the Secretary of Defense reassert its oversight authority and prepare an alternative should FCS be canceled. The Department of Defense agreed with the latter suggestion, to which the Army responded by calling the GAO report "rooted in the past, not the present".

In 2008, the program had completed about one-third of its development, which was planned to run through 2030. Technical field tests began in 2008. The first combat brigade equipped with FCS had been expected to deploy around 2015, followed by full production to equip up to 15 brigades by 2030, but the program had not met the initial plan of field testing an actual FCS-equipped combat unit by 2008.

On April 6, 2009, President Barack Obama's Secretary of Defense, Robert Gates announced plans to cut FCS spending as part of a shift toward spending more on counter-terrorism and less to prepare for conventional warfare against large states like China and Russia. This included, but was not limited to, canceling the series of Manned Ground Vehicles.

In May 2009, the proposed DoD budget for fiscal year 2010 had minimal funding for Manned Ground Vehicles research. The Army planned to restart from the beginning on manned ground vehicles. The service was to restructure FCS so more Army units will be supported.

Boeing passed a preliminary design review of all 14 subsystems in May 2009.

The DoD released a memorandum on 23 June 2009 that canceled the Future Combat Systems program and replaced it with separate programs under the Army Brigade Combat Team Modernization umbrella to meet the Army's plans.

Active Subsystems
The following subsystems were swept into the Brigade Combat Team Modernization Program:
 * FCS Network
 * Future Force Warrior
 * Vehicles
 * Future Combat Systems Manned Ground Vehicles (canceled along with FCS superseded with the Ground Combat Vehicle program)
 * XM1201 Reconnaissance and Surveillance Vehicle (RSV)
 * XM1202 Mounted Combat System (MCS)
 * XM1203 Non-Line-of-Sight Cannon (NLOS-C)
 * XM1204 Non-Line-of-Sight Mortar (NLOS-M)
 * XM1205 Recovery and Maintenance Vehicle (FRMV)
 * XM1206 Infantry Carrier Vehicle (ICV)
 * XM1207 Medical Vehicle-Evacuation (MV-E)
 * XM1208 Medical Vehicle-Treatment (MV-T)
 * XM1209 Command and Control Vehicle (C2V)

 * Multifunctional Utility/Logistics and Equipment vehicle (swept into BCT Modernization and subsequently canceled)

 * XM1219 ARV
 * XM1218 Countermine
 * XM1217 Transport

 * XM1216 Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle (SUGV) (swept into BCT Modernization)
 * XM156 Class I Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (swept into BCT Modernization and subsequently canceled)

 * Class II UAVs for Companies (canceled early on)
 * Class III UAVs for Battalions (canceled early on)
 * XM157 Class IV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (swept into BCT Modernization and subsequently canceled)

 * Devices

 * XM1100: Intelligent Munitions System
 * XM501 Non-Line-of-Sight Launch System (swept into BCT Modernization and subsequently canceled)
 * AN/PSW-2 Common System Controller (CC)
 * Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS) (swept into BCT Modernization and subsequently canceled)

Operating system
FCS was networked via an advanced architecture, called System of Systems Common Operating Environment (SOSCOE) that would enable enhanced joint connectivity and situational awareness (see Network-centric warfare). SOSCOE targets x86-Linux, VxWorks, and LynxOS. The FCS (BCT) network consists of five layers that when combined would provide seamless delivery of data: The Standards, Transport, Services, Applications, and Sensors and Platforms Layers. The FCS (BCT) network possesses the adaptability and management functionality required to maintain pertinent services, while the FCS (BCT) fights on a rapidly shifting battlespace giving them the advantage to take initiative. FCS would network existing systems, systems already under development, and systems to be developed.

title: Future Combat Systems


text:
Winsorizing

Winsorizing or winsorization is the transformation of statistics by limiting extreme values in the statistical data to reduce the effect of possibly spurious outliers. It is named after the engineer-turned-biostatistician Charles P. Winsor (1895–1951). The effect is the same as clipping in signal processing.

The distribution of many statistics can be heavily influenced by outliers. A typical strategy is to set all outliers to a specified percentile of the data; for example, a 90% winsorization would see all data below the 5th percentile set to the 5th percentile, and data above the 95th percentile set to the 95th percentile. Winsorized estimators are usually more robust to outliers than their more standard forms, although there are alternatives, such as trimming, that will achieve a similar effect.

Example
Consider the data set consisting of:
 * {92, 19, 101, 58, 1053, 91, 26, 78, 10, 13, −40, 101, 86, 85, 15, 89, 89, 28, −5, 41}     (N = 20, mean = 101.5)

The data below the 5th percentile lies between −40 and −5, while the data above the 95th percentile lies between 101 and 1053 (pertinent values shown in bold); accordingly, a 90% winsorization would result in the following:
 * {92, 19, 101, 58, 101, 91, 26, 78, 10, 13, −5, 101, 86, 85, 15, 89, 89, 28, −5, 41}     (N = 20, mean = 55.65)

After winsorization the mean has dropped to nearly half its previous value, and is consequently more in line with the data it represents.

Python can winsorize data using SciPy library:

R can winsorize data using the DescTools package:

Distinction from trimming
Note that winsorizing is not equivalent to simply excluding data, which is a simpler procedure, called trimming or truncation, but is a method of censoring data.

In a trimmed estimator, the extreme values are discarded; in a winsorized estimator, the extreme values are instead replaced by certain percentiles (the trimmed minimum and maximum).

Thus a winsorized mean is not the same as a truncated mean. For instance, the 10% trimmed mean is the average of the 5th to 95th percentile of the data, while the 90% winsorized mean sets the bottom 5% to the 5th percentile, the top 5% to the 95th percentile, and then averages the data. In the previous example the trimmed mean would be obtained from the smaller set:
 * {92, 19, 101, 58,     91, 26, 78, 10, 13,      101, 86, 85, 15, 89, 89, 28, −5, 41}       (N = 18, mean = 56.5)

In this case, the winsorized mean can equivalently be expressed as a weighted average of the truncated mean and the 5th and 95th percentiles (for the 10% winsorized mean, 0.05 times the 5th percentile, 0.9 times the 10% trimmed mean, and 0.05 times the 95th percentile) though in general winsorized statistics need not be expressible in terms of the corresponding trimmed statistic.

More formally, they are distinct because the order statistics are not independent.

Uses
Winsorization is used in the survey methodology context in order to "trim" extreme survey non-response weights.

It is also used in the construction of some stock indexes when looking at the range of certain factors (for example growth and value) for particular stocks.

title: Winsorizing


text:
User talk:DvShogun

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Alai 05:10, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

DMX (lighting)
Hi! Thanks for doing some copyediting around the wikipedia. I think copyediting is very important and makes the difference between a decent site and a professional site. I wanted to let you know that I've reverted the edit you made to DMX (lighting). You had a sharp eye to catch it, but DMX is actually short for just two words -- Digital Multiplex. Putting a space before the X makes it seem like two words and a letter, which it isn't. I've changed it back, but please, keep finding things to copyedit. If you have any questions, you can leave me a message at my talk page. Thanks again. kmccoy (talk) 06:31, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:DvShogun


text:
Talk:The Journal (Canadian TV program)

repositioning
According to The Microphone Wars, planning for "repositioning" (November 2, 1992, when the entire CBC TV schedule was revamped) was already well underway before Barbara Frum died. Nash implies that The Journal ' s popularity was a significant obstacle to the project, and that had Frum not died, Prime Time News would never have happened. 18.26.0.18 05:10, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Starring? Huh? Infobox failure.
Barbara Frum and Mary Lou Finlay were the hosts of the The Journal, not the stars, but I guess the problem is that Template:Infobox_television doesn't permit "host" or "hosts", and the only other option in the box is "presenter" which is a foreign WTF term in Canada. I checked the talk at the template page, including some of the archives, and while the problem has been pointed out, there's always someone with a narrow world view ready to say "presenter is fine, tough". Modal Jig (talk) 18:22, 6 July 2011 (UTC)

Notable documentaries and interviews
Would be nice to have a section on notable Journal documentaries and interviews.

I especially find:

-- Jimj wpg (talk) 15:41, 6 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Interview with Polish military leader in the early 80s re: Solidarity movement.
 * Frum's interview of Pierre Trudeau on Meech Lake to be highly notable.
 * Frum's interview with Margaret Thatcher also notable.

title: Talk:The Journal (Canadian TV program)


text:
Category:Rivers of South America

Rivers of South America.

title: Category:Rivers of South America


text:
Band-rumped swift

The band-rumped swift (Chaetura spinicaudus) is a species of bird in subfamily Apodinae of the swift family Apodidae. It is found from Panama south through Colombia into Ecuador, east from Venezuela into the Guianas and Brazil, and on Trinidad.

Taxonomy and systematics
The band-rumped swift, pale-rumped swift (C. egregia), grey-rumped swift (C. cinereiventris), and Lesser Antillean swift (C. martinica) were at one time placed in genus Acanthylis. During much of the 20th century the Costa Rican swift (C. fumosa) was treated as a subspecies of the band-rumped. Since then the band-rumped swift has been assigned two subspecies, the nominate C. s. spinicaudus and C. s. aetherodroma. Other subspecies have been proposed but not accepted.

Description
The band-rumped swift is 10.5 to 12.6 cm long and weighs 13.8 to 18.5 g. It has a protruding head, a short square tail, and wings that bulge in the middle and somewhat hook at the end. The sexes are alike. Adults of the nominate subspecies have black-brown upperparts with a white band on the rump. Their underparts are dark with a slightly paler throat. Juveniles have white tips on some wing feathers. Subspecies C. s. aetherodroma is smaller than the nominate; its rump patch is grayer and its throat paler.

Distribution and habitat
The nominate subspecies of band-rumped swift is found in eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and north and central Brazil. There is also a small isolated population in coastal eastern Brazil. Subspecies C. s. aetherodroma is found from central Panama south through western Colombia to southwestern Ecuador. In most of its range it inhabits the edges of lowland evergreen forest and secondary forest. In Amazonia it is also found over highland forest and cleared areas, and in northern Venezuela inhabits only open areas.

Movement
The band-rumped swift is a year-round resident throughout its range.

Feeding
Like all swifts, the band-rumped is an aerial insectivore. It feeds in single-species flocks at fairly high altitude, but when it feeds with other species of swift it tends to stay in the lower part of the flock. It often feeds over water at dawn and dusk. A study in Panama found its diet there was mostly Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera. It addition to feeding on the wing, it has been observed hovering briefly to take prey from foliage.

Breeding
The band-rumped swift's breeding season apparently varies geographically but in general is within February to June. On Trinidad it nests in hollow trees. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.

Vocalization
The nominate subspecies of band-rumped swift "gives a diagnostic bisyllabic 'pseee-trr' or more burry 'prrrree-trtr'" and sometimes also "several repeated notes 'tsee-tsee-tsee'". The vocalizations of subspecies C. s. aetherodroma are not well known.

Status
The IUCN has assessed the band-rumped swift as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range and an estimated population of at least 500,000 mature individuals. The population is believed to be slowly decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered uncommon to common in Ecuador and common to abundant in most of the rest of its range. It occurs in many protected areas.

title: Band-rumped swift


text: Category:600s BC births

title: Category:600s BC births


text: Template:Bangladesh-stub

title: Template:Bangladesh-stub


text: User talk:82.38.206.209

title: User talk:82.38.206.209


text:
Summit Brewing Company

Summit Brewing Company is a regional craft brewery in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, that brews a wide selection of beers. In 2017, Summit Brewing was the 25th largest craft brewer in the country and produced approximately 115,000 barrels of beer, with a capacity of 240,000 barrels per year. Their flagship beer has been an English Pale Ale branded as Summit Extra Pale Ale.

The brewery was founded in 1986 by local homebrewer Mark Stutrud and a group of his friends in an old auto parts warehouse on St. Paul's University Avenue. The company grew as the beers became popular locally. In 1987, the Great Northern Porter won a gold medal at the Great American Beer Festival and was featured on the cover of Michael Jackson's New World Guide to Beer (1988). By 1998 the company's beer production had exceeded the capacity of the original University Avenue brewery, and a new brewery, designed by architect Peter O'Brien, was built on the west end of St. Paul, overlooking the Mississippi River. Still in operation, it was the first new brewery built from the ground up in St. Paul since before Prohibition. Having outgrown its original brewing equipment, Summit sold its 1938-vintage brew house to Mt. Shasta Brewing Company in Northern California. They then purchased an all-copper, authentic German brew house built in 1971 from the Hürnerbräu Brewery in Ansbach Germany.

, Summit beers are available from distributors in five U.S. states (Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin). The brewery currently brews seven year-round styles, a variety of seasonal styles, and limited release beers. 2018 saw the launch of new year-round beers such as Summit Dakota Soul, a traditional Czech-style Pilsener; Summit Skip Rock, a white ale; and Summit Keller Pils, an award-winning, unfiltered German-style Pilsner.

In July 2018, Summit Brewing Company completed a renovation of the Summit Ratskeller, its public bar and patio area in St. Paul. The Summit Ratskeller features Summit's entire lineup of beers, plus exclusive beers served only on site. The Rathskeller also provides access to the Summit Brewing Co. Gift Shop as well as tours of the brewery.

, Summit Brewing Co. remains the second-largest brewery in Minnesota, after August Schell Brewing Company.

title: Summit Brewing Company


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wireless power player

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge and redirect. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 20:57, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

Wireless power player
It's barely a stub, it's unencyclopedic ("way different"), and it's hardly notable. If any of the information deserves to be kept, it should be folded into the Power Player Super Joy III article. – Seancdaug 05:15, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge stick a reference to the wpp in power player super joy iii. DDerby 02:43, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.