text:
Talk:Adolf Hitler in popular culture

icu-triage
This article's a real mess. The list format needs to be killed, and rather than just being a list of random references to Hitler (because he shows up in too many places for that to work), it should actually attempt to explain his significance in popular culture. In addition this needs sourcing.

Hitler has turned up in a number of video games. Should these be added to "Hitler in fiction" or perhaps a separate section, "Hitler in video games?" --Feitclub 05:48, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC
 * In my opinion, that should go under a separate section. I'm curious, though, what games has Hitler been in?  I do a lot of gaming, and I don't recall him being in any games.  Perhaps he's been mentioned in the many WWII games, but I've certainly never seen him as a 3D character.--Daveswagon 2 July 2005 22:22 (UTC)
 * He was in Wolfenstein 3D as one of the end-level bosses. Psychonaut 3 July 2005 09:49 (UTC)

One could almost make an entire section on The Simpsons referrences to Hitler. There's a list of them under the "Germany" subheading here.--Daveswagon 04:37, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Lack of other side

 * On the page there is mentioned that Hitler during his lifetime was depicted as glorious hero, but no examples given, all examples are just those of mockering.

Good point. Wikipedia is expected to be objective even when addressing politically incorrect topics and issues such as Hitler. Mainstream German popular culture of the Third Reich era (30 Jan 1933-08 May 1945) in Germany portrayed him as a glorious hero and the savior of Germany. Someone who knows more than I do about this should provide documented examples in the interest of providing objectivity to this entry.

Take note: This is not neo-Nazism. All dictators are depicted as glorious leaders during the time of their rule. Hitler and Germany was no different in this respect than Stalin and the Soviet Union, Chairman Mao and the People's Republic of China or Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il in the People's Democratic Republic of Korea. {66.162.249.170 (talk) 22:48, 27 March 2012 (UTC)}

Of course this information should be added, with CLEAR AND CONCISE warnings putting it in proper context. This is the very best user name of them all (talk) 02:56, 6 July 2019 (UTC)

Template
We're having a debate on Template talk:Adolf Hitler about whether to include Triumph of the Will and The Empty Mirror as pop culture references. Any thoughts? Palm_Dogg 06:14, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

DC Universe Hitler
Well, http://www.dcuguide.com/board/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=279&postdays=0&postorder=asc&start=15 should just about cover that.

George Foreman did a time boxer skit. Few more come to mind.

Cats that look like Hitler
I don't have the time right now to look through this whole article, but I saw a website dedicated to cats resembling Adolf (actually called catsthatlooklikehitler.com). Was this posted up here at all or is it just not needed?

Someone did take care of that, scroll down to the "Other" section. Xenobiologista (talk) 18:55, 4 July 2008 (UTC)Xenobiologista

I smell a weasel, or is that a stankin opossum?
"Hitler was a gifted, charismatic orator possessed of a profound personal presence, "

Weasel words like I've never heard them before. I myself am too lazy to change it, but just pointing it out, that it should neutralizalized to make it sound more encyclopediac-er. Cha.68.34.239.31 06:46, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I do agree that the above sentence may sound weaselish... but then again, Hitler was a highly gifted a capable leader who was well know for his oratory skills. Please read the below post for more comments... MickeyK 22:33, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

General Suggestions
I suggest that the entire section (the introduction) which is a brief bio on Hitler, be removed. This article is about Hitler in popular culture, not Hitler himself. MickeyK 22:33, 14 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I added a reference to the popularity of the Emo hitler internet meme. Seen it enough to know it is notableYou very nice place 00:29, 22 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Someone should remove the reference to the XBox one being the first, as this one in spanish is older: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RTYO0TT5C8 Ciobanica (talk) 23:33, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

Hitler Vs. Stalin
http://www.comics.aha.ru/rus/stalin/ Is this worth mentioning?

TV SHOW WITH HITLER IN IT?
oh yea i remember one time when i was 7 or 8,that on the show Hey Arnold the Veterans day episode speacial that in the end,the grandpa says that he won WW2 by killing Hitler by giving him nugies,wegdies and poking him in the eye. I totally remembered that.IT WAS IN A CHILDRENS SHOW! HOW HILARIOUS IS THAT!? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 74.104.48.140 (talk) 01:10, 17 April 2007 (UTC).

Family Guy
As I know of, three Family Guy references to Hitler exist. One, if Hitler were still alive (where he has a talk show), another with Eva Braun where they joke about taking pills to kill themselves, and another with "Peter Hitler", who is "Adolf's favorite brother".  Zchris87v  06:51, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

Name
Why not rename this "Adolf Hitler in popular culture"?  Sala Skan  12:41, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
 * "Hitler" is mostly associated with Adolf Hitler. Hitler redirects to the Adolf Hitler article and requires a disambiguation page, even there only 6 out of 23 links are unrelated to Adolf Hitler. As evidenced by the disambiguation page and redirecting of Hitler, Adolf Hitler is the most common one. "Hitler in popular culture" seems to be sufficient.  Zchris87v  16:12, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, the title is not that confusing, but what are the downsides of renaming it "Adolf Hitler in popular culture"? It is slightly clearer, and nearly all people in Category:Representations of people in popular culture seem to have their first name included in the title.  Sala Skan  18:05, 2 July 2007 (UTC)

Please see my recent addition to this talk page as to why NOT title this page "Hiter in Popular Culture". According go this cites own definitions, he is neither popular or of culture. This is the very best user name of them all (talk) 03:02, 6 July 2019 (UTC)

Removal of Hitler in Persona 2
>rv; it's a single reference of questionable importance with no relevance to popular views -- user:Eyrian

Yes, it does. I suggest you read the List of Persona 2 characters first before RV. If the case of Persona 2 is a trivia, this whole list is a trivia as well. One more RV and I will nominate this article to deletion. -- Sameboat - 同舟 01:11, 1 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Please do. That particular one was removed because the other examples at least serve to illustrate popular opinions/views on Hitler, while that one did not. --Eyrian 01:14, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Just popping in here (I got redirected), but this article is plainly trivia. The "popular culture" sections of every article that I've seen have been removed since the trivia ruling. It doesn't even have any thoughtful analysis about Charlie Chaplin or anything, it's not different than the article on supervillains which merely lists about 200000 villains (at least it did, until I got through with it :D) with no references. Any article which is just a giant list of redirects to other articles is usually pretty dubious, imo. Johnnyfog 01:18, 1 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I've gone ahead and taken the initiative. You can continue to rearrange the deck chairs (in spite of WP:3RR), though. --Eyrian 01:26, 1 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Cool. Now I can get back to what I was doing.Johnnyfog 01:38, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

FMA
Hitler was in Fullmetal Alchemist the movie. I added it but it disapeared while I was looking for the right spelling24.81.59.101 23:11, 25 August 2007 (UTC)
 * It was removed because it was a trivial mention; there was no asserted importance to the work in question. Wikipedia is not a trivia collection. --Eyrian 23:19, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

His appearance was a major plot point24.81.59.101 04:24, 26 August 2007 (UTC)

I agree that he was of importance in the movie, in other television shows such as Family Guy he is featured in very short sequences. Who has the right to say what is trivial or not?DarkAvenger280 20:12, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

Hitler Hardcore Techno Remix
I recently added a point about a track which is sometimes credited as DJ Adolf Hitler with the track "Seig Heil". Due to the fact that the information can only really be retrieved from P2P networks, it is very difficult to reference the source. Is there any way around this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by IdeologicalArrest (talk • contribs) 23:52, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Newadventuresofhitler.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 22:14, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Another novel to add to the list
Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt wrote The Alternative Hypothesis, a fiction in which Hitler becomes a successful painter in a peaceful, thriving 20th century Germany. Hugo Dufort (talk) 03:38, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Adolph or Adolf?
I was just watching Indiana Jones and the last crusade and Hitler does not sign his name as Adolph. He signs it Adolf.--84.55.118.43 (talk) 04:59, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

Proposed cleanup
This article is in very bad shape, and in my opinion needs to be completely rewritten. A list of this length simply is not acceptable--rather this article should focus on portrayals of Hitler (especially in film and literature) and what he has come to symbolize (namely evil incarnate). I'm going to begin cleaning out trivia, and would appreciate help. TallNapoleon (talk) 02:04, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

I have started deleting things. It would be nice if instead of being a collection of lists this article discuss his actual significance in popular culture. TallNapoleon (talk) 21:28, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

Little Nicky
What about Hitler at the end of little nicky? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.80.40.189 (talk) 00:49, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Is it relevant? This should not be a list of every appearance of a Hitler character in an anime, movie, TV series, comic book, or circus show; rather, it should discuss the most significant appearances and explain the general ways Hitler is characterized in pop culture. TallNapoleon (talk) 02:49, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Exactly! That's why we could drop some of the things mentioning Hitler's appearance in this film and that novel. It's not significant and the article is hard to read.--Kojozone (talk) 22:08, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

Hitler & Art
Do we really need this section? It's about Hitler's creative work, which should probably be placed somewhere in the main article about Hitler. But this would mean we keep only the Dali bit of information.--Kojozone (talk) 22:10, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

Hitlers' appearance in Lord Horror comics/novel
The British Lord Horror and Meng and Ecker comics by David Britton feature Nazi imagery in an acerbic surreal satire (to describe it generously). I'm not sure about the comics, but the novel Lord Horror features a character known as 'The Mugwump' who is evidently Hitler in all but name, hiding out in a cave on the British coast as an artist with a gigantic, carnivorous anthropomorphic penis that likes buns (not the most extreme part of the book either - the last book to be banned in the UK since Catcher in the Rye, I said it was surreal...) It's an obscure book of short-lived notoriety in Britain in the late '80s and early '90s, but I think this certainly warrants a mention?

The film "Contact"
Any reason the television broadcast of a Hitler speech from the movie (and book) Contact is not in this article? with no objections, i would like to add a sentence on this appearance, though i know its a different sort than other movie appearances.Mercurywoodrose (talk) 08:27, 3 November 2009 (UTC)

Well, they got it ALK WRONG in the movie. The '36 Olympics was FAR from the furst TV broadcast, it was just the first Olympics to be broadcast, HUGE DIFFERENCE! Why on earth would Anyone want to give Hitler Any extra credit he didn't deserve is beyond me. This is the very best user name of them all (talk) 02:59, 6 July 2019 (UTC)

Representations of Hitler During His Lifetime
"Brecht, who was German but left when the Nazis came to power, also expressed his opposition to the National Socialist and Fascist movements in other of his most famous plays." It would be most helpful if these plays were listed. Dick Kimball (talk) 19:12, 22 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Obviously Furcht und Elend des Dritten Reiches (Fear and Misery of the Third Reich), Schweyk im Zweiten Weltkrieg (Schweik in the Second World War), Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder (Mother Courage and Her Children), Die Gesichte der Simone Machard (The Visions of Simone Machard), and Was kostet das Eisen? (How Much Is Your Iron?). Presumably there are more. Dick Kimball (talk) 19:37, 22 March 2012 (UTC)

J.C. Penney Teapot Controversy (people are saying it looks like Hitler)
Recently a controversy has come about with a teapot being sold by J.C. Penney - many people say it looks like Adolf Hitler. This issue started when a billboard in California with the teapot angered some people. Does anyone think this worth inclusion? Here are a few references:

http://business.time.com/2013/05/29/jcpenneys-hitler-tea-kettle-sells-out-online/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathansalembaskin/2013/05/30/fuss-over-hitler-teapot-suggests-marketing-opportunity-for-jc-penney/

The sources above are from Time and Forbes, respectively - searching "J.C. Penney Hitler Teapot" will bring up a bunch of other results. NWRGeek (talk) 22:04, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

Article length, split?
I know there is minimal content about Hitler in culture during his lifetime but it seems that there is a lot more in the WP:RS to support expansion of the topic if it was an article. There rest is quite long and would still be even with a split. If the resulting article about culture during his lifetime was a shorter article that would be refresshing and I guarantee it will grow to a much longer and useful article which could perhaps broaden itself to aspect of Nazi culture if indeed it seemed stalled as a short article. But even if the section was made into an article today, I think that it would be a pretty decent short article and certainly more than a stub. Wikidgood (talk) 00:42, 20 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I don't believe it needs to be split in two at this point. It presents better to the reader as a whole. Some expansion could be done, as long as it is not redundant. "Culture during his lifetime" is already covered by other articles on Hitler and Nazi Germany, so there would not be a need for much herein. Further, in its current form, this article could use some editing for concision. Kierzek (talk) 01:06, 20 October 2014 (UTC)
 * i agree we are not there yet, which is why no formal split proposal. But clearly comic books and impact on scholars, historians and high art is different. And sayas opposed to Nazisploitation films (not sure I got the spelling right). So please clarify where exactly is all of this culture during his lifetime coverage, exactkly? Is it in sections? Is there a secondary and tertiary literature on it, I would expect so. But it seems lkike you say to be intermingled. Wikidgood (talk) 05:38, 21 October 2014 (UTC)

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Worth noting?
In Rod Serling's The Twilight Zone Magazine, October 1982 there was "Alive and Well in ..." by Michael S. Smith. Hitler uses a time machine to escape to South America some 33 years into the future. His face altered by plastic surgery Hitler tumbles into what looks like a missionary complex and accepts a drink offered by a woman. Suddenly tired he sits down underneath a speaker remembering the November 1978 date on his time machine... as the voice of Jim Jones rants from a speaker above him.--BruceGrubb (talk) 01:45, 11 July 2016 (UTC)

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How do the words "Adolph Hitler" & "Popular Culture" go together?
According to this very website, Popular is defined as follows: Popularity or social status is the quality of being well liked, admired or well known to a particular group.

While this site defines Culture as such: Culture is the social behavior and norms found in human societies.

Unless wikipedia has become home to mostly nazis living in some secret fourth reich, I would maintain that Adolph Hitler is neither Popular or Cultured for that matter.

While I understand he 'is' Popular to Nazi's and Nazi sympayhizers and his legacy is immense interest among many people, that still doesn't fit this site's own definition (nor most 'respected' dictionaries') of popular. I believe using the words popular and culture are inappropriate to describe any Fascist leader or their henchpeople.

Hopefully the powers that be will consider retitling this and Any/All simillar entries on this site. Thank you kindly. This is the very best user name of them all (talk) 02:52, 6 July 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 21:28, 26 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Adolf Hitler Wax Statue in Madame Tussauds London.jpg

Very simplistic, insufficiently sourced, broad claim
The following is too broad:

“After his death, Hitler continued to be depicted as incompetent or foolish. However, while Hitler's anti-Semitic policies were well known during his lifetime, it was only after his death that the full extent of the Holocaust and other Nazi atrocities became known. This, coupled with Hitler no longer being a threat, has meant that the way he is depicted has resulted in Hitler being personified as evil.”

He has been portrayed both ways in both periods, and the ‘became known’ is a bit vague too. I suggest this be deleted if it can’t be tightened up. 2600:1017:B83D:B13:8DB1:3301:E045:3B91 (talk) 01:04, 23 December 2023 (UTC)

"Hitler Reacts (Internet meme)" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hitler_Reacts_(Internet_meme)&redirect=no Hitler Reacts (Internet meme)] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Utopes (talk / cont) 03:45, 19 April 2024 (UTC)

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Talk:Mega64

my opinion
Mega64 should not be merged or deleted at all. It is obviously they are growing in popularity. They have official partnerships with youtube and ign.com — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.106.230.122 (talk) 02:50, 12 October 2009 (UTC)

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Template talk:Japan-geo-stub

Images have been removed from the larger stub categories to help with server problems. There was already a perfectly good image for this category, which was removed in line with this policy - and on April 9th someone put a new, different image back there (which I have just removed). Please do not use an image on this template until the "all-clear" has been given to use an image. Please see [] for more information. Grutness|hello? 05:48, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Japan-geo-stub


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2005 anti-Japanese demonstrations

The anti-Japanese demonstrations of 2005 were a series of demonstrations, some peaceful, some violent, which were held across most of East Asia in the spring of 2005. They were sparked off by a number of issues, including the approval of a Japanese history textbook and the proposal that Japan be granted a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council.

Across China, businesses with connections to Japan were vandalized by protesters, as were billboards advertising Japanese goods and stores stocking Japanese-made products. Most of the damage was caused to businesses which were Chinese-owned and operated. Several Japanese nationals residing in China were injured in the violence, though there were no known fatalities.

Mainland China
In March 2005, demonstrations were organized in several cities in the People's Republic of China, including Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhengzhou, Shenyang, Ningbo, Harbin, Chengdu, Luoyang, Qingdao, Changsha, Hefei, Beijing, Wuhan, Fuzhou, Hangzhou and Shanghai. In some cases, demonstrators attacked and damaged Japanese embassies, consulates, supermarkets, restaurants (mostly franchise businesses owned by Chinese) as well as people, prompting the Japanese government to demand an apology and compensation for damages.

The official PRC attitude towards the demonstrations is considered by foreign observers as enigmatic. On the one hand, the government allowed the demonstrations to occur in the first place. While the PRC policed the protests, some observers believe that measures to rein in the violence and property damage were deliberately ineffective. However, the PRC has only indirectly reported the current protests in state-owned media, withholding coverage from a national audience. State-owned media in the PRC nevertheless carried extensive coverage of anti-Japanese demonstrations in South Korea, as well as distant but related events, such as the European commemoration of the liberation of the Buchenwald concentration camp. Internet censorship has been extended to subjects related to the protests. Many universities prohibited students from coming onto or leaving the campus. Mass transit systems in close proximity to protest rally points were shut down. However, this policy was contradicted in several cities, including Beijing, where city buses were used by the municipal authorities to ferry students into the protests. Students at Tsinghua and Peking Universities also reported receiving phone calls from university authorities encouraging them to demonstrate. In the second half of April 2005, the People's Daily published several articles to calm down the protesters, and the Ministry of Public Security declared that "unauthorized marches were illegal".

PRC police tactics are perceived to be similar to those utilized when demonstrations were held outside the American embassy in Beijing after NATO forces bombed the PRC embassy in Belgrade, Yugoslavia in May 1999.

The slogan "patriotism is not a sin" is popular, albeit in a sarcastic sense, among the PRC protesters.

Political observers on the U.S. National Public Radio have argued that the controversy is being allowed by the PRC government partly in order to further a multitude of political goals. American news outlets CNN and Time Magazine have also pointed out that historical inaccuracies are not limited to Japanese textbooks, but that Chinese government-made textbooks are equally rife with omissions and non-neutral point of view. Cases of questioned text include the Great Leap Forward, China's 1979 invasion of Vietnam, the Cultural Revolution ("lots of appalling events happened") and the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, in which hundreds or thousands of protesters were killed. Tibet is a subject given scant mention except by foreign press, and Xinjiang remains detached from the ongoing controversy.

Japanese response to Chinese protests
In Japan, no large-scale anti-PRC rallies or demonstrations took place, although a small number of protesters demonstrated outside PRC consulates, and in one case a spent cartridge case was mailed to Chinese officials. Nevertheless, more and more people canceled their travel plans to China, and some doubt was raised about the 2008 Summer Olympics, scheduled to be held in Beijing.

The Japanese foreign minister visited Beijing to meet his counterpart on April 17. The Xinhua News Agency reported that in the meeting held in Beijing between PRC and Japanese foreign ministers, the Japanese minister offered an apology for Japan's wrongdoings during World War II. However, Xinhua omitted in its report that in this meeting the Japanese negotiators demanded an apology and compensation for damage against Japanese property and people. That demand was rejected by Li Zhaoxing, the Chinese foreign minister. Meanwhile, the Japanese foreign ministry officially denied the news reports from the state-controlled Xinhua News Agency, which reports little about the ongoing patriotic demonstrations in major Chinese cities.

The Tokyo Stock Exchange recorded a sharp plunge on Monday, April 18, and correlations between the demonstrations and Sino-Japanese economic ties are raised in the financial industry.

Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi expressed his "deep remorse and heartfelt apology" for the suffering that Japan caused other Asian nations during World War II at the Asia-Africa Conference in Jakarta, Indonesia on April 22. However, 81 Diet members visited Yasukuni Shrine hours before, causing more controversy inside and outside Japan about the true attitude of Tokyo on this subject. Koizumi met with Hu Jintao on April 23.

Taiwan
Although in the past, the government of the Republic of China on Taiwan has been severely critical of the content of Japanese history textbooks, in the wave of 2005 revisions of the textbooks, Taiwan has, for the most part, been much quieter than the PRC. This is indicative of the relatively high level of tension in the relationship between the PRC and the ROC and the comparatively good relations between Taiwan and Japan. Earlier in 2005, Japan and the United States had issued a joint declaration calling for a "peaceful solution" to the Taiwan issue, a declaration that angered the PRC, which protested that this declaration constituted interference in "internal affairs".

Hong Kong
In late April 2005, peaceful marches and rallies concerning Japanese war crimes during the occupation of Hong Kong took place. The Government of Hong Kong also issued a statement of protest against the official approval of the 2005 Japanese history textbooks.

North Korea
In 2005, North Korea condemned the official approval of the revision of Japanese textbooks. One official was quoted as calling the textbooks "philistinism peculiar to Japan, a vulgar and shameless political dwarf".

South Korea
South Korea vigorously protested the official approval of the 2005 Japanese history textbooks. South Korean Minister of Trade Kim Hyun-Chong canceled a planned visit to an Asian trade summit in Japan.

On May 6, 2005, in a meeting between then-President Roh Moo-hyun and Liberal Democratic Party's Secretary General Tsutomu Takebe, President Roh demanded Japan takes step to properly educate its citizens. He told Takemura that the teaching of history should not be treated as the academic matter and freely discussed but as the political matter and with the responsibility falling on the government to control it.

Philippines
Similar to Taiwan, the Philippines has been much quieter than other Asian countries invaded by the Japanese during World War II, even though many atrocities were committed by the invading Japanese during the war, such as the systematic rape of Filipino women whom the Japanese referred to as comfort women. An estimated one million Filipinos were killed during the war, out of a wartime population of 17 million, and many more were injured. Nearly every Filipino family was hurt by the war on some level. Despite this, "Filipinos are not as offended as the Chinese or the Koreans are, for example, about the fact that these atrocities are given only fleeting attention in Japanese classrooms, if at all...". The soothing of Filipino anger towards Japanese imperialism is helped by close ties with the Japanese people and cooperation of Japan government with the Philippines government for infrastructure building and rural development. However, many Filipinos still do harbor anger toward the Japanese government. For example, there are the anti Japanese-U.S. military alliance protests and the comfort women issues.

Textbook controversy
A significant contributing factor to the demonstrations was Japanese state approval of the "Atarashii Rekishi Kyōkasho" (新しい歴史教科書, the New History Textbook) written by the Japanese Society for History Textbook Reform.

According to critics, the textbook covers up Japanese war crimes committed during the First Sino-Japanese War, in Japan's annexation of Korea in 1910, the Second Sino-Japanese War, and in World War II.

Japan's official policy is that publishers have the right to freedom of speech. The central government does have the right to stop textbooks from being published (see Japanese history textbook controversies), provided that they do not contain factual errors or personal opinions. The particular concern of the 2005 demonstrations was the textbook of the Japanese Society for History Textbook Reform. Since its official authorization in 2001, this textbook has hampered relations between Japan and its East Asian neighbors, primarily Korea and China. In early 2005, news of the Japanese government's re-authorization of the "Atarashii Rekishi Kyokasho" led to multinational public protest demonstrations. The textbook has been publicly denounced by the Japan Teachers Union. According to a CNN article in April 2004, it is being used by only 18 of the nation's 11,102 junior high schools. According to a recent Asahi Shimbun article from September 2005, in the four years since its initial adoption, the textbook is only being used in 0.04% of Japan's junior high schools, which is far from the 10% penetration that the Japanese Society for History Textbook Reform had aimed for.

The United Nations Human Rights Commission, the United States House of Representatives, the European Parliament and the Dutch and Canadian Parliaments have issued reports and passed resolutions calling on Japan to take clear, full and open responsibility for the war crimes of the Japanese military against women who were forced into prostitution during World War II.

Nanjing Massacre
Widespread atrocities were committed by the Imperial Japanese Army in and around now Nanjing, China, after the capital's fall to Japanese troops on 13 December 1937. This event and associated atrocities breeds considerable anger in many Chinese today. The Japanese textbook in question only briefly mentions the atrocities committed and refers to Nanjing Massacre as follows:

 * many Chinese soldiers and civilians were killed or wounded by Japanese troops (the Nanjing Incident). Documentary evidence has raised doubts about the actual number of victims claimed by the incident. The debate continues even today" (p. 49).

While the use of the word "incident" is standard Japanese historiographical terminology for focal events, such as Tiananmen "Incident" (天安門事件) rather than massacre, it is objected to by Chinese as a deliberate playing down of the events in question.

Japan's membership in the UN Security Council
Another contribution to the spark in anti-Japanese sentiment in 2005 was Japan's bid for permanent membership on the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). Japanese Foreign Minister Aichi first applied for permanent member status in 1969, but failed to win support from the international community. In September 2004, the G4 nations (Brazil, Germany, India and Japan) issued a joint declaration supporting each other's bids for permanent membership status on the UNSC.. Current P5 members France and the United Kingdom supported their bid, but there was strong sentiment against the idea from Japan's Far Eastern neighbors, including P5 member, China.. Suggestions have been made that affording Japan too much power on an international level could result in the re-emergence of Japanese imperialism, and that Japan should not be given a seat given what many consider to be a lack of repentance for their wartime atrocities.

Comfort women
Comfort women were women who worked as sex slaves in brothels in Japanese-occupied countries during World War II. There is much controversy surrounding this subject namely, to what extent the women were forced and to who moral culpability falls on. On one side, some groups in Japan claimed that prior to Japanese expansion, brothels always existed in the eastern and southeastern regions of Asia in order to service European and American sailors and merchant vessels. According to Bradley Martin, a journalist and expert on Korean history, claims the majority of comfort women actually volunteered to work in the brothels, as employment in the occupied areas was very limited. On the other side, most of academia, especially of nations outside Japan, assert that the majority of comfort women were young girls abducted from their homes and forced into prostitution by the Japanese government and Imperial Japanese Army as sexual slaves and demand Japan take responsibility and formally apologize and educate the next generation about such an atrocity.

Testing of chemical and biological weapons on civilians and POWs
In 1942, the Japanese military began testing various chemical and biological agents as an alternate method to win the war. Human experiments were conducted on Chinese and ethnic Korean civilians; Allied POWs were also subjected to experimentation. After the war, China (PRC) demanded data from these experiments in exchange for not raising the issue, while the U.S. granted immunity from prosecution to many of the scientists involved (see Unit 731) in exchange for their weapons research.

Senkaku Islands
The Senkaku Islands, known in Chinese as the Diaoyu Islands, are a group of islands in the East China Sea with an area of 7 km2. Japan currently has control over the islands, but both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China government on Taiwan claim them. Tensions over the islands have surfaced in the late 1990s and were one issue in the 2005 protests in China.

Gas and oil in the East China Sea
Both China and Japan are interested in exploiting deposits of natural gas and oil in the Xihu Trough of the East China Sea. Both countries are net importers of energy, and the energy needs of China are mushrooming. The U.S. Department of Energy notes a moderate estimate of 100 billion barrels of oil in the South China Sea. notes

China has been drilling in the Xihu Trough since 2003. China's claims to these islands come from its claim of the entire continental shelf. Japan's claim is by the standard 200 nautical mile (370 km) EEZ international maritime treaty. Practically speaking, both nations have split the territory. Japan fears that Chinese drilling is likely to remove oil from Japan's side of territory claimed by Japan through suction. After two years of repeated requests to China to disclose information on the deposits in the hope of co-development, on April 13, 2005, Japan granted drilling rights to two Japanese companies, a move immediately protested by the Chinese as the drilling will take place in disputed territorial waters. The companies have not yet been formally granted permission to drill and this is expected to take several months. China National Offshore Oil Corporation, a Chinese, state-owned company, plans to drill near the disputed EEZ line between China and Japan beginning in August.

title: 2005 anti-Japanese demonstrations


text:
Locard's exchange principle

In forensic science, Locard's principle holds that the perpetrator of a crime will bring something into the crime scene and leave with something from it, and that both can be used as forensic evidence. Dr. Edmond Locard (1877–1966) was a pioneer in forensic science who became known as the Sherlock Holmes of Lyon, France. He formulated the basic principle of forensic science as: "Every contact leaves a trace". It is generally understood as "with contact between two items, there will be an exchange." Paul L. Kirk expressed the principle as follows:

"Wherever he steps, whatever he touches, whatever he leaves, even unconsciously, will serve as a silent witness against him. Not only his fingerprints or his footprints, but his hair, the fibres from his clothes, the glass he breaks, the tool mark he leaves, the paint he scratches, the blood or semen he deposits or collects. All of these and more, bear mute witness against him. This is evidence that does not forget. It is not confused by the excitement of the moment. It is not absent because human witnesses are. It is factual evidence. Physical evidence cannot be wrong, it cannot perjure itself, it cannot be wholly absent. Only human failure to find it, study and understand it, can diminish its value."

Fragmentary or trace evidence is any type of material left at (or taken from) a crime scene, or the result of contact between two surfaces, such as shoes and the floor covering or soil, or fibres from where someone sat on an upholstered chair.

When a crime is committed, fragmentary (or trace) evidence needs to be collected from the scene. A team of specialised police technicians goes to the scene of the crime and seals it off. They record video and take photographs of the crime scene, victim/s (if there are any) and items of evidence. If necessary, they undertake ballistics examinations. They check for foot, shoe, and tire mark impressions, plus hair as well as examine any vehicles and check for fingerprints – whole or partial.

Famous cases
The case studies below show how prevalent Locard's Exchange Principle is in each and every crime. The examples using Locard's Principle show not only how the transfer of trace evidence can tell the tale of what happened, but also how much care is required when collecting and evaluating trace evidence.

The Weimar children murders
Karola and Melanie Weimar, aged 5 and 7, lived with their parents, Reinhard and Monika, in Germany. They were reported missing on 4 August 1986. Their bodies were found on 7 August. They had been murdered.

Monika first said the children had breakfast, then went to a playground. Three weeks later she said they were already dead when she returned home the previous night: Reinhard was sitting on the edge of Karola's bed, weeping and confused; he then disposed of the bodies.

Both parents were suspected, but Monika was having an affair, and was seen where Melanie's body was later found. She was convicted, and after serving her sentence, was released in 2006.

Investigators determined what clothes Monika was wearing on 3 and 4 August, but not Reinhard's clothes, so only fibres from her clothing were identified on the children's bodies, yet they were also constantly in contact with him.

The bedding contained 14 fibres from Karola's T-shirt. Frictionless tests, simulating a dead child, matched that figure better than the friction tests, simulating a live child, so Karola could have lain lifelessly in bed wearing her T-shirt, as stated by her mother.

35 fibres from Monika's blouse were found on the back of Melanie's T-shirt, but only one on her bed sheet. In tests, between 6 and 10 fibres remained on the sheet. These higher numbers were thought to disprove Monika's claim that she gave her child a goodbye hug the previous day. However, there are several likely explanations. For example, the bedding was put in one bag, so fibres from the sheet could have been transferred to the cover and pillow. Only the central area of the top of the sheet was taped: it might have originally contained more than one blouse fibre, the others could have been transferred to the back or sides while in the bag.

The blouse fibres on Melanie's clothing were distributed evenly, not the clusters expected from carrying the body.

265 fibres from the family car's rear seat covers were found on Melanie's panties and the inside of her trousers, but only a small number of fibres from the front seats was found on the children. This helped disprove the theory that they were killed on the front seats.

Melanie's clothes and hair were covered in 375 clinging fruits of goosegrass. As some of these itchy things were on the inside of her trousers and on her panties, the trousers must have been put on her after death.

No sand was found on the bodies or clothing (including socks and sandals) of either child, making the morning playground story unlikely.

The Westerfield-van Dam case
Danielle van Dam, aged 7, lived with her parents and brothers in San Diego, California. She was reported missing on 2 February 2002; her body was discovered on 27 February. Neighbor David Westerfield was almost immediately suspected, as he had gone camping in his RV, and he was convicted of her kidnapping.

Hairs consistent with the van Dams' dog were found in his RV, also carpet fibres consistent with Danielle's bedroom carpet. Danielle's nightly ritual was to wrestle with the dog after getting into her pajamas. The prosecution argued that those hairs and fibres got onto her pajamas through that contact, and were then carried on the pajamas to first Westerfield's house and then to his RV, when he kidnapped her from her bed. The alternative scenario is that they got onto her daytime clothes, and those of her mother and younger brother, and were carried to his house when they visited him earlier that week selling cookies. He said his laundry was out during that visit, so trace evidence from them could have got on it, and then been transferred to his bedroom and his RV (secondary Locard transfer). Also, his RV was often parked, sometimes unlocked, in the neighbourhood streets, so Danielle could have sneaked inside, leaving behind that evidence.

No trace of Westerfield was found in the van Dam house.

14 hairs consistent with Danielle's were found in his environment. All but one were compared on only mitochondrial DNA, so they might have come from her mother or a sibling. Most (21) of the hairs were in a dryer lint ball in his trash can, so they might have got in his laundry before the kidnapping.

There were 5 carpet fibres in his RV, but none in his house, suggesting those were deposited by someone going directly from her house to his RV, or they may have come from another house in that development.

No Danielle pajama or bedding fibres were reported in his environment. There was no trace evidence in his SUV (which casts doubt on the belief that she was transported from his house to his RV in his SUV). He vacuumed his RV after the kidnapping, but no trace evidence was in the vacuum cleaner.

One orange fibre with her body was consistent with about 200 in his house and 20 in his SUV (none in his RV), while 21 blue fibres with her body were consistent with 10 in his house and 46 in his RV (none in his SUV). Contrary to media reports, only a few items from her house were tested so that can't be excluded as the source. In particular, the clothes of Danielle and her family during the cookie sale were not determined and eliminated. There were apparently two different types of the orange fibres, dull and very bright (so the number which matched might have been much less than 200). There were red fibres with her fingernails, and many other fibres with her body, which could not be matched to his environment. The only non-Danielle hair found with her body wasn't his, nor was any desert sand reported with the body, and no soil or vegetation from the dump site was reported on his shoes, laundry, shovel or RV.

To explain why so much expected evidence was missing, the prosecution argued that he went on a cleaning frenzy, and tossed out evidence.

Application in information security
Locard's Principle also holds in computer forensics, where committing cyber crime will result in a digital trace being left behind.

In popular culture
In Season 3 Episode 15 of Father Brown, Inspector Sullivan and Frank Albert discuss this principle, which plays into the investigation.

In Season 1, episode 10 of Sister Boniface Mysteries, the title character imagines Locard appearing to expound on his principle.

In season 2, episode 21 of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, Locard's principle is mentioned and used in the investigation into a serial killer.

title: Locard's exchange principle


text:
Lim Goh Tong

Lim Goh Tong (28 February 1918 – 23 October 2007) was a prominent wealthy Malaysian Chinese businessman & entrepreneur. He was renowned for transforming Genting Highlands from an unexplored hilltop into one of the world's most successful casino resorts. He was once the richest man in Malaysia with a net worth of US$4.2billion

Early life
Born in 1918 in Anxi, a mountainous county in southeastern Fujian province, China, Lim Goh Tong was the fifth child in his family. He had an elder brother (Jing Ya), three elder sisters (Lim Zhuang, Lim Bau and Lim See), a younger sister (Lim Mei) and a younger brother (Jing Kun). Lim was born into a rustic environment in a village. During that time, China was in a period of turmoil and unrest after the 1911 revolution, but life was relatively sheltered for Lim in the village. He grew up peacefully and had the opportunity of studying in school. However, disaster struck and his father died when he was 16. Lim was forced to leave school and he and his elder brother had to take over the heavy burden of feeding his family.

As China's situation was becoming worse, Lim Goh Tong decided to take the plunge in venturing out to Malaysia (known as Malaya at that time) following in his cousin, Lim Kheng Chong's footsteps. He left China through Xiamen in early February 1937 at the age of 19. He worked for his uncle as a carpenter in the first two years, learning the Malay language in the meantime. After gaining experience he went on to become a building sub-contractor and completed his first job of building a two-storey school. He returned to Anxi in 1940, but went back to Malaya the next year amidst a deteriorating war environment.

Career and business
The Japanese invaded Malaya in 1942 and caused Lim to have a few near-death experiences. During the early Japanese Occupation, he earned a living as a vegetable farmer but decided to switch to petty trading for a better living. Later on, Lim ventured into scrap-metal and hardware trading. When the Japanese Occupation ended, there was an urgent demand for heavy machinery for resumed operations in mines and rubber plantations. Lim seized the opportunity and engaged in second-hand machinery trading, making his first fortune.

From used machinery trading, Lim strayed into iron mining, joining as a partner in an iron mining company which couldn't settle the outstanding payment of two bulldozers with him. This proved to be a successful venture, and he later went on to form a joint-venture company which was one of the first Chinese tin companies to utilise dredges.

While dealing in heavy machinery, Lim accumulated a wide range of reconditioned machines as well as a substantial amount of cash to move into construction and related industries. In the name of his family construction company, Kien Huat Private Limited, Lim began taking on several contracting jobs with help and guidance from his uncles. Kien Huat won accolades and became recognised as one of the leading construction companies, building the Ayer Itam Dam and the Kemubu Irrigation Scheme.

Developing Genting Resort
Genting Group's involvement in the property sector can be traced from the initial primary objective of holding land-based assets for long term appreciation and development potential to the current strategic move to develop and market the Group's landed properties mainly held in the plantation subsidiary, by Asiatic Land Development Sdn Bhd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Genting Plantations Berhad – which is 54.8% owned by Genting Berhad.

The idea of building a hilltop resort was first conceived when Lim Goh Tong was having dinner in Cameron Highlands. As he was enjoying the soothing cool breeze of Cameron Highlands, an idea struck him that as the standard of living rose steadily in Malaysia, more and more people would visit mountain resorts for relaxation and recreation, but Cameron Highlands was too far away from the capital city Kuala Lumpur, therefore building a mountain resort nearer to Kuala Lumpur would have great business potential.

After doing some research, Lim found Gunung (mountain in Malay) Ulu Kali at a place called Genting Sempah to be an ideal location for his plan. He formed an expedition and explored the place, collecting a wealth of data on the topography, drainage, soil conditions and other relevant aspects of the region, which proved to be very useful in drawing up plans for developing the resort.

Upon conceiving this idea, many naysayers were sceptical of Lim turning a wilderness into a tourist resort. Most thought it was really risky and reckoned Lim who was financially comfortable to be foolish to invest heavily in money and time to develop Genting, but Lim brushed off all these negativities and went ahead firmly with his plan.

After getting approvals from the Federal and State governments, Lim began the project in the face of a colossal task. Among the problems were building the access road towards the hilltop, water and electricity supplies, sewerage system and fire safety. Lim managed to build the access road towards the summit in three years when it was estimated to take fifteen years. Several sources of water in the mountain were identified and supply was secured by building water-collection stations and water filtration plants with treated water stored in reservoirs. Electricity is supplied through a central electricity generation system with 12 big generators.

During the construction, Lim survived six close brushes with death. Meanwhile, Lim had to administer another major project in Kelantan, the Kemubu Irrigation Scheme at the same time. This stretched his physical endurance to the limits as he had to shuttle between Kuala Lumpur and Kelantan and he worked seven days a week.

During the Genting project, Lim spent all he had without earning any income. He sold an 810-hectare rubber estate to raise RM2.5 million. In addition, he invested all the money he had made from iron mining, sub-contracting and hardware businesses. The project was a heavy drain on Lim's finances. When asked to invest in this project, Lim's friends turned him down and counselled him to drop the entire scheme instead.

Genting was granted the only casino licence after Tunku Abdul Rahman, then Prime Minister of Malaysia, visited Genting Highlands and commended Lim's effort to develop a resort contributing to Malaysia's tourism industry without government help.

Lim managed to obtain a pioneer status for Genting Highlands and tax incentives despite its resort development not qualifying for it. He did so by convincing the government that tax incentives in the early stage of development of Genting Highlands were not only vital for them but also profitable to the government later on.

The whole Genting project was completed in January 1971, but prior to officially commencing business, Kuala Lumpur and its surrounding areas were hit by the worst rainstorms in a century, the road to Genting was closed by landslides at 180 locations, the damaged sections took four months to repair. Genting opened its door for business on 8 May 1971.

In the next 30 years, Lim continued to develop and expand Genting Highlands beyond its original idea of a hotel with basic tourist facilities to an integrated resort. Among the projects was the construction of more hotels, indoor and outdoor theme parks, and a convention centre. A new road was built to shorten the journey to Genting from the northern states, and RM920 million was invested to widen a 10 km stretch of the access road to reduce congestion. Another RM928 million was spent on constructing a cable car system to provide visitors with an alternative mode of transportation.

In 1993, at the suggestion of Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, a township was developed on an 81-hectare piece of land around the site of the Genting Skyway cable car station. It was named Gohtong Jaya after Lim as a token of remembrance for his efforts in the development of Genting Highlands.

As of now, Genting Highlands is one of the most successful Casino resorts in the world and is one of the primary tourist attractions in Malaysia. Lim's company, Genting Group operates Genting Highlands and has diversified into many other industries such as plantations, property, paper, power generation, oil and gas exploration and cruise boat industries. In the process new company brands were created that have become distinctive names in their respective fields, namely Asiatic, Genting Sanyen (paper manufacturing) and Star Cruises.

On 31 December 2003, Lim handed his chairmanship of Genting Group over to his son, Tan Sri Lim Kok Thay.

Personal life
Lim Goh Tong was married to Lee Kim Hua in 1944, together they had six children and nineteen grandchildren. The six children are Lim Siew Lay, Siew Lian, Siew Kim, Tee Keong, Kok Thay and Chee Wah.

Throughout his life, Lim has had a few medical crises including malignant tumour and cardiovascular problems, which he pulled through after several surgeries.

Lim wrote his autobiography "My Story – Lim Goh Tong" and it was published in 2004. In the book, he wrote about his early life, how he started off with nothing to building a world-class casino resort through hard work and perseverance confounding sceptics, and the people he acknowledges.

Ten years after Goh Tong's death, on 25 August 2017, his wife Kim Hua died at the age of 88.

Achievement and awards
Lim Goh Tong had won many awards together with his company Genting Group for his entrepreneurship and his contribution such as:
 * Malaysian Entrepreneurs Award 1985
 * Manager of the Year Award 1986
 * Business Achiever of the Year Award1994
 * Number 1 ranking of 10 Malaysian Leading Companies 1999
 * The Best Employer Award 1996

In 1978 Lim Goh Tong set up Yayasan Lim, a family foundation that donates regularly to educational and medical institutions, old folk's homes, various organisations for the physically handicapped and other charitable causes.

Honours

 * 🇲🇾 Malaysia :
 * Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia - PSM.svg Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (PSM) – Tan Sri (1979)
 * Selangor :
 * MY-SEL Order of the Crown of Selangor - Knight Commander - DPMS.svg Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor (DPMS) – Dato' (1980)
 * Pahang :
 * MY-PAH Order of the Crown of Pahang - Grand Knight - SIMP.svg Grand Knight of the Order of the Crown of Pahang (SIMP) – formerly Dato', now Dato' Indera (1987)
 * Perak :
 * MY-PERA Order of the Perak State Crown (before 2001).svg Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Perak State Crown (SPMP) – Dato' Seri (1989)

Death
Lim Goh Tong died on 23 October 2007, at Subang Jaya Medical Centre (SJMC) in Subang Jaya. He is survived by his wife Puan Sri Lee Kim Hua, and their six children and 19 grandchildren. His body was buried at Gohtong Memorial Park at Gohtong Jaya on Monday 29 October 2007.
 * The Black Eyed Peas who were performing on the night of 26 October in Genting Arena of Stars paid tribute to Lim Goh Tong during their concert. "A man died recently who was responsible for the place where we are today. I'd like to ask for a moment of silence to honour his life and legacy," will.i.am said in his tribute.

More than 20,000 people, including royalty, Asia's rich and famous, politicians, friends, business allies and members of the public paid tribute to Goh Tong in their own ways. They either attended the wake, sent wreaths or penned messages of sympathy.

Among those who paid their respects to Lim were
 * Tengku Puan Pahang Tunku Azizah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah Sultan Iskandar
 * Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali, wife of Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad
 * Dato' Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, Prime Minister of Malaysia
 * Tun Musa Hitam, former Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia
 * Dato' Seri Ong Ka Ting, Minister of Housing and Local Government of Malaysia & President of the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA)
 * Tun Mohammed Hanif Omar and wife Toh Puan Hamidah Abdul Hamid, former Inspector-General of Police (Malaysia) & Deputy Chairman of Genting Group and Resorts World Bhd
 * Tan Sri Dr. Saleha Mohd Ali, sister-in-law of Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad
 * Tan Sri Dato' Seri Yeoh Tiong Lay and wife Puan Sri Tan Kai Yong, Group Chairman of YTL Corporation
 * Datin Paduka Marina Mahathir, daughter of Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad
 * Dato' Indera Nazir Razak, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of CIMB Group
 * Puan Sri Christine Khir Johari
 * Vincent Cheng, Chairman of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC)
 * Irene Dorner, CEO of HSBC Bank Malaysia
 * Michael Thomas, Chairman of Foxwoods Resort Casino Tribal

More than 1000 wreaths received from all over the world are being displayed 300m along the entrance of Gohtong Villa. Among the many corporate entities sent wreaths and condolences included Las Vegas Caesars Palace, Sociedade de Turismo e Diversões de Macau, Stanley Ho, and the Government of Fujian province where Lim was born. Asia's second-richest man, Li Ka Shing (He is now first), sent a personal condolence note to the bereaved family, offering words that perhaps best captured the essence of who Goh Tong was.

Words of farewell
"Genting is really a story of Tan Sri Lim Goh Tong, a story of success that is quite unprecedented even in Malaysia, where many people have met with a great deal of success" - Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad in his speech during the Genting 25th Anniversary Celebrations on August 11, 1990

"Tan Sri Lim's ingenuity, single-mindedness and dauntless courage in meeting challenges have enabled him to rise from humble beginning to great heights of attainment" - Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad in his foreword in Lim's autobiography "My Story published in 2004

"From harvesting lettuce and maple syrup, we have now become the most profitable resorts in the world. Before Lim, we only knew poverty. It was with his faith and trust that we are what we are now." – Michael Thomas, chairman of the Native American Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation.

"He was a good man. He also understood that he needed to repay society after benefiting from it." – Dr Tan Tat Chin, a member of the Tung Shin Hospital board of directors.

"He is a source of inspiration and we salute his accomplishment. He will continue to live in the heart of those who have been touched by him." – Tan Sri Dr Ng Lay Swee, president and chief executive officer of Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman.

title: Lim Goh Tong


text:
Belle Vue, Shrewsbury

Belle Vue is a suburb of the town of Shrewsbury, Shropshire. It is located about a mile south of the town centre. The population of the ward at the 2011 census was 4,550.

History and development
Built up during the 19th and early 20th Centuries, it is now mainly residential. "Belle Vue Road" (the A5191, formerly the A49) runs through the middle of the area, which has many public houses such as The Grove, the Belle Vue Tavern, the Masonic Arms and the Boar's Head. It also has a selection of small shops, though many have become houses in recent decades. Also in the suburb, off the Belle Vue Road, is the Prince of Wales public house, which has its own bowling green. Streets branching off the Belle Vue Road include Greyfriars Road, Trinity Street, Havelock Road, South Hermitage and Belle Vue Gardens.

Oakley Manor, now private housing, was one of the locations of Shrewsbury and Atcham Borough Council from the 1970s to the early 2000s, before the council moved to a purpose-built Guildhall in Frankwell.

Churches
Belle Vue has an Anglican parish church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, a Methodist church and the Wellspring Apostolic Church, all on Belle Vue Road.

Belle Vue Cemetery
In 1852, a 2-acre cemetery for Nonconformists in Shrewsbury was opened on Belle Vue Road but was ultimately superseded by the interdenominational, municipal General Cemetery established on Longden Road further west in 1856. The consequently disused mortuary chapel, which became a worship place for the Apostolic Church in 1929, was demolished after being partly burned down (by children) in 1943. It was on part of the cemetery that the present Wellspring Apostolic Church, whose building had been transplanted from Minsterley in 1949, was erected.

Railways
The Welsh Marches Line and Cambrian Line run through the area and meet at a junction called Sutton Bridge Junction.

Notable residents

 * Samuel Pountney Smith, architect, remodeled The Limes as his own home, where he died in 1876, as well as building Morfe House and Kynnersley House nearby.
 * William Snook, English running champion, was born in Belle Vue in 1861.
 * Clopton Lloyd-Jones, sportsman, winning scorer in the 1880 FA Cup Final - last home at 'Montreux' in Belle Vue Gardens, where he died in 1918.
 * Jack Bowdler, former Wales international footballer - last home at Oakfield House, South Hermitage, where he died in 1927. He also served as Shrewsbury Borough Councillor for the Belle Vue ward.
 * Nick Bevan, rowing coach and schoolmaster, was born at The Limes Nursing Home (a later use of the house built by S P Smith, above) in 1942.

title: Belle Vue, Shrewsbury


text: Template:Asian mathematicians

title: Template:Asian mathematicians


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Adult Diagnostic and Treatment Center

The Adult Diagnostic and Treatment Center (ADTC) is a secure correctional facility operated by the New Jersey Department of Corrections. Its purpose is to provide treatment and incarceration for certain criteria meeting repetitive and compulsive male sex offenders who have been sentenced under the New Jersey Sex Offender Act.

From its opening in 1976 through at least 1994, ADTC is a unique facility, the "only complex of its kind in the nation devoted exclusively to the treatment of adult sexual offenders". The facility is located in the Avenel section of Woodbridge Township, New Jersey and in close proximity to East Jersey State Prison aka Rahway State Prison. Prior to the opening of the Avenel facility, the program occupied a housing unit at East Jersey State Prison known as "5-Wing".

ADTC houses and treats two groups of men: 1. Certain convicted sex offenders willing to engage in treatment who have been sentenced by the Court under the New Jersey Sex Offender Act to serve their sentences at the facility, and 2. Men who are not sentenced under the New Jersey Sex Offender Act, but have committed a sex offense. As of 1/1/2013, the facility had a population of 681.

Levels and phases
Inmates are divided into "levels" and "phases" based on their therapeutic progress, institutional conduct and compliance, criminal history, outstanding warrants or detainers, and escape risk probability assessment.

The "levels" are based solely on therapeutic progress and range from Level 1 to Level 4, with Level 4 being the most advanced. Level 1 inmates engage in psychoeducational work using specially-prepared workbooks, usually assisted by "para-professional therapy aides", who are therapeutically-advanced inmates who have been assigned to paid institutional jobs running therapy groups, providing para-professional psychoeducational counseling to newer inmates, and providing crisis intervention services to other inmates when their therapists aren't available (for example, after hours or on weekends). Level 2, 3, and 4 inmates participate in various modules dealing with subjects such as Anger Management, Arousal Reconditioning, Victim Empathy, and Relapse Prevention, as well as more general "process groups" where any therapeutic issues can be discussed. Inmates may also participate in groups run by para-professional therapy aides, which are videotaped for review by staff members and are limited to specific therapeutic issues.

The "phases" correspond to custody levels and determine, among other things, which jobs an inmate is allowed to hold. Phase 1 is the lowest level and corresponds to maximum custody. Phase 1 inmates are limited to jobs where they can be closely and directly observed by staff in the confines of the secure facility and perimeter. Phase 2 corresponds to medium custody and allows inmates to hold jobs that don't require as much supervision, but are still within the confines of the secure perimeter. Phase 3 corresponds to "gang minimum" status and allows inmates to work outside the secure perimeter with other inmates under minimal supervision. Phase 4 corresponds to "full minimum" status, which allows inmates to work outside the secure perimeter without supervision, or off the prison grounds with one-officer supervision.

Release process
In order to be paroled and released from the ADTC, inmates must receive the recommendations of their therapists, two panels composed of other therapists employed at the facility, an external review board of community professionals officially known as the "Special Classification Review Board", and the New Jersey State Parole Board. The process typically takes several years after the initial recommendation by the inmate's therapist, which typically comes only after the inmate has been incarcerated for several years and has progressed to a Level 4 treatment status. As a result of the lengthiness and warranted thoroughness of the process, fewer than five percent of inmates are released on parole. The remainder "max out", which means that they will have served the maximum amount of time allowed under their sentences.

Special Treatment Unit
NJDOC Inmates, who at the end of their sentences have been determined to be "Sexually Violent Predators", may be civilly committed to the Special Treatment Unit (STU). Previously located in Kearny, New Jersey, the STU is now located on the grounds of East Jersey State Prison, a few hundred feet from the ADTC. It is comprised in a prison like setting. There are several buildings enclosed by security fencing to include a recreational area. A smaller building called "The Annex", contains housing units made up of dorms, and a larger building which was the former East Jersey State Prison-Administrative Close Segregation Unit (ACSU), contains housing units made up of single person prison cells. The STU is known to many especially current or past staff as either the "Red Roof Inn" because for many years, the larger building (ACSU), had a red metal roof that has since been painted blue, or "The Gulag" because individuals are rarely released from the facility, and if they are released it is usually only after lengthy time frames of civil commitment. There is no set time frame for civil commitment therefore each Resident inmate's experience is different.

Upon being civilly committed as a "Sexual Violent Predator", an inmate is assigned the new designation of "Resident". Resident movements around the STU and their activities are closely monitored and controlled by the correctional staff. Residents live in the Special Treatment Unit in either dormitory settings or single person prison cells. Residents engage in weekly therapeutic sex offender treatment, alcohol/drug abuse classes, and recreational activities.

Residents must go through multiple phases of sex offender treatment. Each phase has requirements that must be met before moving onto the next phase. The end result of these phases is to have the Resident go on supervised and then unsupervised furloughs into the community for limited amounts of time. During these furloughs they participate in drug/alcohol abuse classes, practice shopping for social skills education and relearning, look for employment, and stay in half-way houses when necessary. All outside actions are controlled by the NJ Parole and New Jersey social service/mental health staff. Residents are released back into society on a "Life Time Supervision/Parole" status per court order only after certain conditions are met. The Special Treatment Unit (STU) is not considered an actual prison but a "Treatment Facility", so the focus is more on rehabilitating Residents through participation in sex offender treatment, vocational learning activities, and recreational activities, instead of strict imprisonment. However, the STU is controlled in a prison-like manner. The NJ Department of Corrections- ADTC Corrections Officers maintain the security of the facility and control the daily operations of the STU. The NJ Department of Human Services staff control the therapy/treatment aspects of the STU. Both departments work together to ensure the STU runs properly and safely. Residents do not leave the STU, unless they are assigned as part of a daily outside cleaning detail, they are taking part in court ordered furloughs, or they are released from the STU per court order.

Aftercare
Any inmate who was ever incarcerated at the ADTC (or the program's previous location at East Jersey State Prison), at any time during their life, is allowed to attend outpatient aftercare groups and group therapy sessions at the ADTC at no cost.

title: Adult Diagnostic and Treatment Center


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Talk:Bastarnae

2 articles
There seems to be 2 articles on the Bastarnae. The other article is spelled "Basternae". Maybe someone can combine the articles? (I accidentally forgot to sign in before starting this post, then signed in and continued it.)

 * Fixed!--Wiglaf 06:20, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Celtic or Germanic?
The Bastarnae were Celts, not Germanic. The Romans used "German" as a geographical, not ethnic term, and the confusion of the Bastarnae with Germanic tribes dates from that time. See Colin McEvedy, Atlas of Ancient History, p50.

07:19, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Green 2000, Language and History in the Early Germanic World, states that they were East Germanic without mentioning any Celtic or other identifications. Jacob Haller 02:47, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Conliffe 1997, The Ancient Celts, characterizes them as "probably of Germanic origin". From his account, it seems clear that they were different from the "classical" eastern Celts/Galatae, though this of course does not in itself rule out the possibility of them being linguistically Celtic. 85.8.12.78 21:21, 30 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Don't forget that Vandals (Lugians) were also Celts originally. They were Germanized during the last centuries BC. For the Bastarni, something similar may be valid. Centrum99 (talk) 17:04, 24 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Putting aside the fact that some modern scholarns don't even accept that "germanism" (its non-linguistic aspects) could be already defined at such an early date, any ethnogenesis or migration theory needs serious refererences. This article is a rather a good one but it lacks of them. This absence of proper citations needs to be fixed. For instance, take a look at the paragraph on etymology. A lot of good stuff but entirely unreferenced. In its current form looks much like original research. Dipa1965 (talk) 21:16, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

Slavs on the Danube?
they were among the first Germanic tribes to come into contact with the ancient world and the Slavs

Um, the Slavs were on the Danube in 200BC?? --203.52.130.138 03:48, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

There is no ambiguity there. The Bastarnae, originated from the land between the Oder and Vistula rivers, crossed the Slavic settled areas of actual Western Ukraine, before settling inside the area of Siret and Prut rivers (central Moldova, actually in eastern Romania). Transsylvanian

This article was way too ambiguous. Esp. the second paragraph. I tried to fix it removing pronounds, adding missing proper nouns and chopping up run on sentences. -David
 * Can someone quote the inscription CIG II 2058 that judges about the presence of Bastarni around the Black Sea before 200 BC? On what is the date "230 BC" based on? Is it reliable? Centrum99 (talk) 17:06, 24 June 2008 (UTC)

Bastarnae and bastards
I vaguely recall reading somewhere (commentary on Tacitus?) that the word 'bastard' came from the name of this tribe, as they did not differentiate between illegitimate and legitimate children for the purpose of inheritance. Is there any truth to this and if so, anyone have a reference?radek 02:51, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

The Bastarnae intermarried extensively with local Dacians and (near the Danube Delta) with the Sarmatians. So, at the time of the arrival of Goths, most of the tribe was either assimilated by local large populations or mixed-blood. So, the theory regarding the word "bastard" could be true. Transsylvanian

Germany
Why on earth is this part of Wikiproject Germany? Jacob Haller 08:08, 21 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I share the same question. I would immediately remove it if I was sure there were no serious objections (who knows?). Dipa1965 (talk) 20:52, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

Cernihov
There is no proof that thay have any connection with Cernihov or that Cernihov it's associated with slavs. Especially because Cernihov starts much earlier then any historical reference to slavs. Kosmic 10:34, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

Rediculous reasoning. No proof according to whom ? You? A large number of published historians would disagree with you- they connect the proto-Slavs as one of the peoples of the Chenykov culture, especially given that one of the settlement types found here- the semi-subterranean type- are 'typical' of Slavic dwelling which occur over a much larger area in the 6th century. In the Chernykoc zone is also probably where Gothic and Sarmatian (Iranic) loan-words entered Slavic Hxseek (talk) 09:47, 21 February 2009 (UTC)

Dacians as Slavs, Costoboci uncertain on the Roman Empire Map?
Dacians are marked with the same color as Slavs which is completely incorrect and unfortunate. While Costoboci and Carpi, considered by most historians as Dacian, are in a blue/uncertain color. While Bastarnae who are a Celtic-Germanic mix with possible Dacian elements is marked as Germanic for sure. This is raising serious questions about the map and its neutrality. I suggest at least a distinct Dacian color and section in the legend. The map is here: commons:File:Roman Empire 125.png and here commons:File:Roman Empire 125.svg. Note that util November 19, 2010, Dacians were depicted using a proper, different color. Something dubious happened at that time. --Codrin.B (talk) 22:08, 5 January 2011 (UTC)

Comments from GOCE review
Hi,

I have recently completed a requested copy edit of this article. I hope that it helps the article overall and I apologize for any errors I might have missed or introduced. While I was working I noticed a few things that exceeded the scope of my copy edits:

1. The "Ancient sources" section did not provide any context for the quotes, some of which were repeated or referenced in later sections. I would recommend removing this section entirely and using quotes in context where appropriate.

2. The article makes reference to the post-Roman, bur pre-modern historical regions of Moldavia and Bessarabia. I wonder if it might be more convenient to our readers to refer to modern countries instead.

3. The final parenthetical at the end of the "Germanic" subsection is confusing to me. It seems that there is a word missing after "classifies", possibly "Bastarnae." Even if that is correct, the sentence is still not completely clear: what was the difference in how the two groups were classified and why is it important?

Regards, Tdslk (talk) 03:00, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

Dio

 * It is possible that the Roman term basterna, denoting a type of wagon or litter, is derived from the name of this people (or, if it is an exonym, that the name of the people is derived from it) who were known, like many Germanic tribes, to travel with a wagon train for their families.

However I cannot find a mention of basternas or Bastarnae in Dio LI.24.4. Am I searching wrong? (I don't speak Greek, but even thus I find no similar word.) --Error (talk) 22:23, 20 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Original research on behalf of the editor perhaps? Dio uses the word ἁμαξῶν for "wagon" in the original Greek, and it might be possible that the editor based their comment on a Latin translation of Dio that glosses ἁμαξῶν as "basterna" and made the connection between the two independently. Dio LI.24.3 and other passages from the preceding and proceeding chapters refer to the Bastarnae as Βασταρνῶν, but I don't see any direct attempts on Dio's behalf to tie their etymology to a specific type of Roman wagon. Nebudjet (talk) 20:18, 6 December 2020 (UTC)

Cotto, Clondicus, Teutagonus
"The three names of Bastarnae leaders found in ancient sources are of Celtic origin: Cotto, Clondicus and Teutagonus" Are they? Cottus indeed looks like the proto-Celtic word for "old" *kotto- found in Cornish and Irish coth. The other two, though are doubtful: PIE *tewt- could be Celtic, but it also could be Illyrian or Baltic, or even Germanic. It's not a root which necessarily indicates any filiation. As for Batty's citation of Klondyke "placenames in Wales and Scotland" for the Celticity of Clondicus, this frankly looks like a bit of a 'schoolboy' error: they are modern creations, obviously named after Klondike, Yukon. Paul S (talk) 10:55, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bastarnae


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Talk:Hazel Carby

 * I've expanded the article a bit, but being a published author seems to be enough to legitimize a wikipedia article. Disagree?

title: Talk:Hazel Carby


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Sally Louisa Tompkins

Sally Louisa Tompkins (November 9, 1833 – July 25, 1916) was a Confederate nurse and the first woman to have been formally inducted into an army in American history. She may have been the only woman officially commissioned in the Confederate Army. She is best remembered for privately sponsoring a hospital in Richmond, Virginia to treat soldiers wounded in the American Civil War. Under her supervision, she had the lowest death rate of any hospital Union or Confederate, during the Civil War. She has been remembered as the "Angel of the Confederacy".

Early life

Sally Tompkins was born on November 9, 1833, at Poplar Grove in the Tidewater Region of Virginia's Middle Peninsula. She was the youngest of Colonel Christopher Tompkins' eight children. Colonel Tompkins eventually became a very wealthy merchant, doing business in Mathews County, Norfolk, and Richmond, Virginia. On August 16, 1838, Colonel Tompkins died. Sally was almost five years old at the time.

Tompkins' older sister, Elizabeth, had been active in restoring the local Christ Church, an Episcopal church that had fallen into disrepair. Elizabeth and Sally were very close to each other. Tompkins was devastated when three of her sisters (Martha, Harriet, and Elizabeth) died only a few weeks apart due to a local epidemic in 1842. Tompkins nursed the sick in the local community, both free and enslaved.

Details of Tompkins' childhood are unknown since many records have not survived. What is known is that Tompkins, her mother, and her surviving sister, Maria, left Poplar Grove and lived in Norfolk from 1849 to 1852. While in Norfolk, Tompkins and her sister studied at the Norfolk Female Institute. In January 1854, Tompkins, her mother, and Maria moved to Richmond, Virginia. Tompkins' mother died a few months later. Since the Tompkins family had done business in Richmond for many years, Tompkins and her sister were welcomed with open arms. They rented rooms in the city not knowing that Richmond would soon become the epicenter of the Civil War.

Angel of the Confederacy
Richmond became the capital city of the Confederacy after Virginia became one of the last of the Confederate states to secede from the Union in April 1861. It was generally thought by both North and South alike that the armed conflict would end quickly. After the first battle, the nation realized that the war would be much longer than they imagined.

The First Battle of Bull Run—also known as the First Battle of Manassas—on July 21, 1861, was a Southern tactical victory that opened the Civil War in the first major hand-to-hand combat. Despite the word of victory, the Confederate capital city was ill-prepared for the hundreds of wounded soldiers who subsequently poured in, many arriving via the Virginia Central Railroad. The shock brought the reality of the horrors of warfare directly home, as officials and citizens scrambled to take care of the overflow of injured and sick patients. Official hospitals were filled. Factories, churches, and even homes became temporary hospitals to accommodate the wounded.

At nearly 28 years old, Tompkins was among the civilians who responded by opening the home of Judge John Robertson as a hospital. Judge Robertson had taken his family to the countryside for safety and left his home to Sally to use as a hospital for as long as she needed. Sally was not alone in this effort. Many ladies from the Saint James Episcopal Church, as well as several enslaved people, ran what became known as Robertson Hospital. The women of Saint James Episcopal were collectively known as "The Ladies of Robertson Hospital." Robertson Hospital became one of the South's biggest wartime hospitals.

After the initial crisis had passed, Confederate President Jefferson Davis instituted regulations requiring military hospitals to be under military command. The Robertson Hospital had done such good work and was prepared to continue, that Confederate President Jefferson Davis commissioned Tompkins as a captain so that she could continue her work. She and Lucy Otey of Lynchburg were officially commissioned as officers in the Confederate States Army. She refused any payment for her services. On her military commission, dated September 9, 1861, she wrote, "I accepted the commission as Captain in the C.S.A. when it was offered. But, I would not allow my name to be placed upon the payroll of the army."

The Robertson Hospital treated patients continuously throughout the war, discharging its last soldier on June 13, 1865. During its four-year existence, Robertson Hospital treated 1,334 wounded with only seventy-three deaths, the lowest mortality rate of any military hospital during the Civil War. Author and Civil War diarist Mary Chesnut was a frequent visitor to the hospital. She recorded "Our Florence Nightingale is Sally Tompkins." Another diarist, Judith McGuire, was a volunteer at the hospital and included many vivid descriptions of nursing the patients while there.

Running a hospital was not without its trials. Richmond depended on imports for trade and when the blockade tightened along the coast, the city faced riots in the streets. When supplies were difficult to get within the city, The Robertson Hospital hired a blockade runner to bring necessities from abroad.

Since Tompkins and a number of the other women had remained constant at the hospital through the war, they ultimately won the love and respect of their patients. Tompkins received many marriage proposals from former patients out of gratitude for what she had done, all of which she declined. More than 1,300 men fortunate to be sent to Robertson Hospital called her simply "Captain Sally."

After the War
When Richmond was evacuated in April 1865, Sally and several volunteers chose to stay at the hospital to treat the last of the patients. Through negotiation with the Union medical director, Sally was allowed to keep her hospital open for another two months after the war.

Once the hospital was finally closed, Tompkins traveled around Virginia visiting many old friends and relatives. She also volunteered to teach Sunday school at the St. James Episcopal Church and remained an active member there for most of her life.

Sally was a local hero in Richmond. She hosted a reunion for her patients in the Grand Confederate Reunion of 1896. Veterans travelled near and far to pay their respects to the woman who had saved their lives so many years prior. She remained unmarried throughout her life and stayed active for many years in charitable work. Eventually, Tompkins' family fortune ran out, and she went to live in the Confederate Women's Home as an honored guest in 1905.

Death, legacy

Upon her death in 1916, Sally Tompkins was buried with full military honors at Christ Church in Mathews County. She joins the ranks of women like Clara Barton who responded to the urgent needs which were presented during the Civil War, especially after the Battle of First Bull Run when the realities of warfare became stark in both the Union and Confederate capital cities. They helped develop nursing into the skilled profession it was to become. Sally Tompkins reported obsession with cleanliness led to progress in sanitation during treatment. Her proven lower mortality rates as a result are exceptionally notable among her many legacies to the United States and medical providers everywhere, practices still in widespread use.

A number of monuments commemorate Captain Sally and the Robertson Hospital. In 1910, Sally unveiled a marker on the site where the Robertson Hospital once stood. Today, the marker still stands, but the original hospital building no longer survives. The site today is a 24-hour diner. There are also a number of Virginia historical markers in her hometown, dedicated to her life.

During the Civil War Centennial in the 1960s, there were a number of efforts made to honor Tompkins' legacy. One of which was a stained glass memorial window in the St. James Episcopal Church depicting Captain Sally overseen by an angel. There was also an effort to put a statue of Captain Sally on Monument Avenue in Richmond. The design for the statue was done by the surrealist artist Salvador Dalí and sparked outrage throughout the city. Thus the plan to build a statue to her was never completed.

Three chapters of the United Daughters of the Confederacy are named after Tompkins, who was elected Honorary President of the Virginia Division in 1905. One of the chapters was founded in her hometown of Mathews, Virginia and was chartered in 1908 as the Captain Sallie Tompkins Chapter. It was deactivated in 1955.

Following an article in the local newspaper in July 1999, a small group of "daughters" met and resolved to bring a chapter back to Mathews. Since Sally's name was misspelled in the 1908 charter the group decided to petition as a new chapter with a new number, which became effective on August 22, 2000.

So far, there are two published books dedicated to Tompkins life. The first one is a book of poetry based on Sally's life called Dearest of Captains. The second, is a biography written by a distant relative of Tompkins' called The Lady With the Milk White Hands.

Tompkins was the aunt of painter Clementina Tompkins.

title: Sally Louisa Tompkins


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Technocriticism

Technocriticism is a branch of critical theory devoted to the study of technological change.

Technocriticism treats technological transformation as historically specific changes in personal and social practices of research, invention, regulation, distribution, promotion, appropriation, use, and discourse, rather than as an autonomous or socially indifferent accumulation of useful inventions, or as an uncritical narrative of linear "progress", "development" or "innovation".

Technocriticism studies these personal and social practices in their changing practical and cultural significance. It documents and analyzes both their private and public uses, and often devotes special attention to the relations among these different uses and dimensions. Recurring themes in technocritical discourse include the deconstruction of essentialist concepts such as "health", "human", "nature" or "norm".

Technocritical theory can be either "descriptive" or "prescriptive" in tone. Descriptive forms of technocriticism include some scholarship in the history of technology, science and technology studies, cyberculture studies and philosophy of technology. More prescriptive forms of technocriticism can be found in the various branches of technoethics, for example, media criticism, infoethics, bioethics, neuroethics, roboethics, nanoethics, existential risk assessment and some versions of environmental ethics and environmental design theory.

Figures engaged in technocritical scholarship and theory include Donna Haraway and Bruno Latour (who work in the closely related field of science studies), N. Katherine Hayles (who works in the field of Literature and Science), Phil Agree and Mark Poster (who works in intellectual history), Marshall McLuhan and Friedrich Kittler (who work in the closely related field of media studies), Susan Squier and Richard Doyle (who work in the closely related field of medical sociology), and Hannah Arendt, Walter Benjamin, Martin Heidegger, and Michel Foucault (who sometimes wrote about the philosophy of technology). Technocriticism can be juxtaposed with a number of other innovative interdisciplinary areas of scholarship which have surfaced in recent years such as technoscience and technoethics.

title: Technocriticism


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Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/April 14, 2005

Hi, I've removed the mention of "official recognition in Malaysia" as we haven't been able to find any references to that. -- 05:59, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)

The word "millennia" is misspelled in this template (one n instead of two). JYolkowski 01:06, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)