text:
User talk:StagParty

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Zzyzx11 | Talk 02:34, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

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Image:PepsiCF03.jpg
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Image:Pepsi Twist can.jpg
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Image:Rc29.jpg
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Unspecified source for Image:Rc29.jpg
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Proposed deletion of Actiplaque
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Actiplaque, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:02, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:StagParty


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cat physics

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 04:59, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

Cat physics
Delete, cute but unencyclopedic/original research/unverifiable/all that. BJAODN? FreplySpang (talk) 02:34, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Agree with above. --Durin 02:34, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as unencyclopedic, in spite of the fact that a cat's tail is currently swishing across my keyboard as I type. Joyous 02:36, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no BJAODN. Cute, but not funny or weird enough for that. android↔talk 02:48, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nonencyclopedic. Not bad enough for BJAODN. Also, it's pretty widespread on the Internet:, , . All three have copyright notices, but the last says the piece itself may be in the public domain. But it's still not an encyclopedia article even if it isn't a copyvio. --Angr/comhrá 05:41, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unencyclopedic, original research, unverifiable, but not really BJAODN material. Zzyzx11 | Talk 05:59, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. With great sadness. El_C 07:06, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or Userfy for the reasons listed above. Firebug 07:15, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a repository of stale, outdated and oft-repeated allegedly humourous internet lists such as this. Average Earthman 08:54, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * keep Agesander 12:33, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This user is a sockpuppet of banned Iasson. Thryduulf 13:09, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is, of course, the only important piece of cat physics. sjorford →•← 14:54, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. And what the heck, include it in BJAODN just because we don't have GJAODN. --Idont Havaname 20:32, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, I think I got this very same crap via email more than once! Master Thief Garrett 03:05, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I think Wikipedia is the kind of place where this eminently sensible article can cohabit with such gibberish as the Rules of Acquisition. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 15:25, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I'd change my vote if the content could be contextualilzed within a bona fide phenomenon such as a notable book that made these popular or a well-known and long surviving internet joke that has documentable history and interest.Tobycat 00:51, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I think Wikipedia is the kind of place where this eminently funny article can cohabit with such lies as Evolution. RossNixon 10:47, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and move to BJAODN. I think it's hilarious, but of course untrue. (or is it strangely true?) Deco 05:43, 3 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Rimouski-Neigette—Témiscouata—Les Basques

Rimouski-Neigette—Témiscouata—Les Basques (formerly known as Rimouski—Témiscouata) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004.

Geography
This eastern Quebec riding includes the regional county municipalities of Rimouski-Neigette, Les Basques and Témiscouata, in the Quebec region of Bas-Saint-Laurent.

The neighbouring ridings are Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup, Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord, Haute-Gaspésie—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia, and Madawaska—Restigouche.

History
Rimouski-Neigette—Témiscouata—Les Basques was created in 2003 as "Rimouski—Témiscouata" from parts of Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup—Témiscouata—Les Basques and Rimouski-Neigette-et-La Mitis ridings. The district was given its present name in 2004.

Rimouski-Neigette—Témiscouata—Les Basques was a safe seat for Bloc Québécois until 2011, when New Democrat Guy Caron, an unsuccessful candidate in 2004, 2006 and 2008, unexpectedly won the riding in an NDP wave that swept throughout Quebec.

There was a proposal to change the riding's name to Centre-du-Bas-Saint-Laurent following the Canadian federal electoral redistribution, 2012; however, Parliament voted against this change. There were no territory changes to this riding as a result of the 2012 federal electoral redistribution.

Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, the riding will be merged with Avignon—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia to become Rimouski—La Matapédia. It will consist of Les Basuqes and Rimouski-Neigette Regional County Municipalities (taken from Rimouski-Neigette—Témiscouata—Les Basques) and La Mitis and La Matapédia Regional County Municipalities from Avignon—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Rimouski-Neigette—Témiscouata—Les Basques
There were no territory changes for the 42nd Canadian federal election.


text: User talk:24.215.57.55

title: User talk:24.215.57.55


text:
Talk:Schola cantorum (papal choir)

I pretty much threw this together in a few minutes because I saw it come in looking like it could be speedied. Needs a lot of work! Mwanner 02:34, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)

Cleanup
Flagged this for cleanup -- strange English and inadequate info. Improved intro a bit as a start. added categs and ext links. --mervyn 10:25, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Schola cantorum (papal choir)


text:
John Allman

John Morgan Allman is an American neuroscientist at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California, active in the fields of primates, cognition and evolutionary neuroscience.

Life
He graduated from University of Chicago with a PhD in anthropology.

In 2000, Allman's laboratory reported identification of a class of neurons - large spindle-shaped cells - unique to humans and our closest relatives, the great apes. The spindle neurons, now called the Von Economo neurons to distinguish them from other spindle-shaped cells, were first located in layer V of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and later found in the frontoinsular cortex.

Allman's team has reported reduced ACC size and metabolic activity in autistic patients, and activity of the ACC is also reduced in patients diagnosed with attention deficit disorder (ADD) and depression, whereas ACC activity is increased in patients with obsessive-compulsive, phobic, post-traumatic stress, and anxiety disorders. The ACC is largely responsible for relaying waves of neural signals from deep within the brain to far flung regions, including Brodmann area 10.

Spindle neurons may develop abnormally in people with autistic disorders, and abnormalities may also be linked to schizophrenia and frontotemporal lobe degeneration, but research into these correlations is at a very early stage.

Allman studies brain evolution in mammals from multiple perspectives, and has created a number of 3d reconstructions of mammalian brains.

Grants

 * 2009 James S. McDonnell Foundation

Works

 * John Allman, Atiya Hakeem, J.M. Erwin, E. Nimchinsky, P. Hof (2001). 'Anterior cingulate cortex: The evolution of an interface between emotion and cognition', Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol 935, pp 107–117.
 * John Allman, Atiya Hakeem, and Karli Watson (2002). 'Two phylogenetic specializations in the human brain', The Neuroscientist, Vol 8, No 4 pp 335–346.
 * Eliot C. Bush, John M. Allman (2004). 'Three-dimensional structure and evolution of primate primary visual cortex', Anatomical Record, No 281A, pp 1088–1094.
 * John Allman (2007). 'Moral intuition: Its neural substrates and normative significance', J Physiol Paris, 101 (4-6), pp 179–202.
 * John Allman (1999). Evolving Brains (132MB). New York: Scientific American Library. ISBN 978-0-7167-5076-5

title: John Allman


text:
Talk:South of Sideways

Fair use rationale for Image:SouthofSidewaysalbumcover.jpg
Image:SouthofSidewaysalbumcover.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 05:25, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:South of Sideways


text:
Rivière-des-Mille-Îles (electoral district)

Rivière-des-Mille-Îles (formerly known as Saint-Eustache—Sainte-Thérèse) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1997.

Geography
This riding is located in the northern suburbs of Montreal, on the north shore of the Rivière des Mille-Îles. Since 2003, it has consisted of the cities of Deux-Montagnes, Saint-Eustache and Sainte-Marthe-sur-le-Lac in the Regional County Municipality of Deux-Montagnes; and the City of Boisbriand in the Regional County Municipality of Thérèse-De Blainville.

The neighbouring ridings are Argenteuil—Papineau—Mirabel, Marc-Aurèle-Fortin, Laval, Laval—Les Îles, and Pierrefonds—Dollard.

Demographics

 * According to the 2021 Canadian census

Ethnic groups: 87.3% White, 3.4% Black, 2.8% Arab, 1.8% Latin American, 1.7% Indigenous, 1.0% Southeast Asian

Languages: 77.6% French, 6.8% English, 2.0% Arabic, 1.9% Yiddish, 1.8% Spanish

Religions: 65.3% Christian (54.8% Catholic, 2.3% Christian Orthodox, 8.2% Other), 3.6% Muslim, 2.7% Jewish, 27.4% None

Median income: $44,000 (2020)

Average income: $53,650 (2020)

History
It was created in 1996 as "Saint-Eustache—Sainte-Thérèse" riding from parts of Blainville—Deux-Montagnes riding.

It was renamed "Rivière-des-Mille-Îles" in 1998.

This riding lost territory to Mirabel and gained territory from Marc-Aurèle-Fortin during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Rivière-des-Mille-Îles
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.


text:
Talk:Hydrosphere

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 3 February 2020 and 24 April 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): MeganERenz.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 22:44, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 7 January 2019 and 9 April 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Jocelyn519, Carbohydrate Fatty acid. Peer reviewers: Kthay1197, Andrewlin1.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 00:07, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

"Earth Spheres" article?
Hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere, etc are all pretty small articles. Perhaps they should be combined into a "Spheres of the Earth" article? - Iotha 20:03, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree with that it seems like a good idea I  Love Plankton 17:21, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

Mantle and core
At the moment, I can't see the relevance of the following passage to the hydrosphere:
 * The mantle and core are the heavy interior of the Earth, making up most of the Earth's mass.

As far as I know, neither of these contain any water or interact with it in a significant way (I can think of a significant phenomenon, and b) if it is, that needs explaining in more detail!

I have therefore removed it. If someone can illuminate the link between mantle and hydrosphere, please do so in the article!) - User:Samsara (talk • contribs) 00:19, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree it had no reason being in there I  Love Plankton 02:36, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

I want to point out that someone has hacked the Hydrosphere page.

"A porn that has gained popularity among scientists is that the early Earth was a meat ball and aliens os mars where eaten it. subjected to a period of bombardment by Comets and water-rich Asteroids. Much of the water on the surface today is thought to have originated from the outer parts of the solar system, such as macaroni and chesee.

[edit] crazy ages Main article: Ice age During the time of old and crazy stupid people there have been a series of periods in which a significant portion of the hydrosphere was locked up in the form of glacial ice."

While some may find this amusing, I find it annoying.

Michael Vaughan —Preceding unsigned comment added by 161.184.201.147 (talk) 23:47, 10 September 2007 (UTC) i see you —Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.122.0.200 (talk) 16:41, 29 September 2010 (UTC)

Actually, the mantle at least contains very large amounts of H2O, probably most of the H2O on Earth. That's probably why it was mentioned. The question is whether this should count as part of the "hydrosphere". If it doesn't, then the definition of "hydrosphere" given at the top the article ( "The hydrosphere is the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet, minor planet, or natural satellite." ) may need to be changed.

As for my source for how much water is in the mantle, I've been reading (or more accurately skimming) a lot of geology and planetary science papers. These are some papers I've come across that might help, particularly the first one, which estimates that up to 77% of the H2O on Earth could have been trapped in the mantle when the Earth formed:

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2017GC006937 (The origin of volatiles in the Earth’s mantle, Saswata Hier-Majumder & Marc M. Hirschmann)

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2003GC000597 or https://www.geol.umd.edu/~mcdonoug/KITP%20Website%20for%20Bill/papers/Mantle-Comp/Salters_Stracke_(G3_03.pdf (Composition of the depleted Mantle, Vincent J. M. Salters & Andreas Stracke, check pg. 17, 19, & 22)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333777490_Identifying_volatile_mantle_trend_with_the_water-fluorine-cerium_systematics_of_basaltic_glass ; (Title in url, authors=Kenji Shimizu, Motoo Ito, Qing Chang, Takashi Miyazaki, Kenta Ueki, Chiaki Toyama, Ryoko Senda, Bogdan S. Vaglarov, Tsuyoshi Ishikawa, Jun-Ichi Kimura)

Wyllie, Peter J. and Ryabchikov, Igor D. (2000) Volatile Components, Magmas, and Critical Fluids in Upwelling Mantle. Journal of Petrology, 41 (7). pp. 1195-1206. ISSN 0022-3530. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20111209-135629440

One behind a paywall that I haven't payed is https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0869591106050031 (Composition and chemical structure of oceanic mantle plumes, V. I. Kovalenko, V. B. Naumov, A. V. Girnis, V. A. Dorofeeva & V. V. Yarmolyuk), but it does give an estimate for the average H2O concentration of mantle plumes in the abstract (520 ppm).

The water in the mantle is stored at very low concentrations, but the mantle contains so much more volume than the crust and lower atmosphere that the water content of the mantle may still exceed the amount on or near the Earth's surface. It also cannot be ruled out that small amounts of "water" may even exist in the Earth's core, since very strange mixtures can become soluble in each other at extreme pressures and temperatures. That being said, much of the "H2O" in the mantle is likely not actually in the form of H2O molecules, but rather in the form of hydroxide (OH(-)) groups and ions, due to reactions of the sort:

O2- + H2O → 2 OH-, or similar, according to

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264088476_Water-melt_interaction_in_hydrous_magmatic_systems_at_high_temperature_and_pressure (by Bjorn Mysen)

Spectral Evidence

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279938481_Infrared_spectroscopy_of_hydrous_silicate_melts_to_1000C_and_10_kbar_direct_observation_of_H2O_speciation_in_a_diamond-anvil_cell (by Andy H Shen)

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40645-015-0052-7 (Water and magmas: insights about the water solution mechanisms in alkali silicate melts from infrared, Raman, and 29Si solid-state NMR spectroscopies, Charles Le Losq, Bjorn O. Mysen & George D. Cody)

This conversion of water molecules to hydroxides is invoked to explain density and viscosity changes in https://academic.oup.com/petrology/article/52/7-8/1333/1538084 (Density and Viscosity of Hydrous Magmas and Related Fluids and their Role in Subduction Zone Processes, Alistair C. Hack, Alan B. Thompson; under "Structural implications of viscosities of NaAlSi3O8 + H2O fluids and melts") and https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321008752_Density_of_hydrous_magma (by Tatsuya Sakamaki, mentioned at top of 2nd page), and also mentioned in http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1983AREPS..11...75M (The structure of silicate melts, Bjørn O. Mysen; check pg. "88", under "Volatiles (H20 and CO2) in Silicate Melts")

This fact that much of the "H2O" in the mantle is actually OH, may be one argument against including it in the hydrosphere on technical grounds, and there are probably better reasons for excluding it on less pedantic grounds, like the fact that the concentration is so low and that including it would massively extend the range of parts of the Earth that the "hydrosphere" would be said to exist in. That being said, H2O is the largest component of volcanic gas, which does contribute to the surface hydrosphere, and might be where much or most of the hydrosphere came from in the first place, and I suspect that H2O returns to the mantle through the crust, either as hydrated minerals or as ground water; so water in the mantle should probably be mentioned, even if the mantle itself isn't considered a proper part of the hydrosphere.

Also, water in the mantle and lower crust may exist as either hydroxides or full H2O molecules, and, in addition to being dissolved at low concentrations in mostly rocky magma, may also exist as part (often the main part) of a separate, usually supercritical, low-viscosity fluid which coexists with the denser and more viscous solid or liquid phases that are mostly rock. (This is often called "fluid" and differentiated from mostly non-volatile liquid magma called "melt".) This is certainly possible deep into the crust, and I think into the mantle, though I'm not sure how deep into the Earth this is common or even present at all. In fact, I suspect it is still up for quite a bit of debate, but this paper about the mutual solubilities and phase transitions of geological materials in the deep crust and mantle does claim to address this question at some point: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250130695_Phase_Relations_Involving_Hydrous_Silicate_Melts_Aqueous_Fluids_and_Minerals (by Alistair Hack & Alan Bruce Thompson), and I think the very first paper I linked to claims that the Earth's mantle contains more volatiles than should be soluble in it, implying to me that much of these volatiles exist may as a separate fluid, though I also think it's quite likely that I'm completely wrong there, since I know that magma and water at least generally become completely miscible at high enough pressures and temperatures, including in conditions met fairly high up in the mantle.

As a final note, I haven't REALLY read any of the papers I linked to yet. I've only skimmed them and read some of the parts I cared about, and I've barely even done that to some of them, so you probably shouldn't just trust what I say too much, but rather actually look in the papers, since I'm not a geologist or anything like that.DubleH (talk) 09:56, 27 October 2020 (UTC)

Hydrological Cycle
The section on Hydrological Cycle started: Insulation, or energy (in the form of heat and light) from the sun ...

I believe that the correct term in this context is Insolation, not Insulation. If this is correct, I'd suggest a re-write that does not start with a relatively unknown word (Insolation) and then define it, especially if that word is easily confused with Insulation. The re-write I'd suggest is

Energy from the sun, in the form of heat and light (Insolation) ... and include the link to the extant Wiki page on Insolation.

Update - In the absence of feedback, I went ahead and modified the entry.

Scifipete (talk) 16:51, 4 October 2011 (UTC)

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So enormously annoying
It is just simply amazing that the "editors" of this think it's "ok" to use volume as units here. You would think that anyone with a 6th Grade education would know that mass doesn't depend on temperature, while volume does. Can anyone point to the place in this article where the amount of MASS of water that the oceans, ice caps, lakes and rivers hold is mentioned? I can't find it. But at least I know how much is in the hydrosphere, whatever that is. (And by the way, the actual amount of water in the interior of the Earth is MORE than the rest (surface and atmosphere) combined AND the amount there is HIGHLY uncertain, including in the core and mantle. It should NOT be mentioned in the lead, especially not as if it has an established consensus value (in tonnes).)40.142.179.182 (talk) 15:28, 30 April 2017 (UTC)

Revert. Oldie.
Currently;
 * Approximately 75% of Earth's surface, an area of some 361 million square kilometers (139.5 million square miles), is covered by ocean.

75% has been there since 8Dec 2010, it was 71% before. It’s 71% at Ocean (and my books). 361/510 is 70.8%. MBG02 (talk) 20:20, 23 August 2018 (UTC)

Condition
History /geo 41.223.76.63 (talk) 12:20, 1 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hydrosphere


text:
Meanings of minor planet names: 68001–69000

68001–68100

 * -id=021
 * 68021 Taiki || || The Japanese Taiki Town, located in the eastern part of Hokkaido, is a beautiful town blessed with clear streams and a large park filled with wild flowers on its shore. The town's Multipurpose Aerospace Park has a 1000-m airstrip where many experiments related to aerospace and large scientific balloons are undertaken. || ·
 * }

68101–68200

 * -id=109
 * 68109 Naomipasachoff || || Naomi Pasachoff (born 1947), American scientific biographer and amateur astronomer who has written scientific biographies of Marie Curie, Alexander Graham Bell, Bohr, Newton, Einstein, Pauling and others. She has viewed more than 20 solar eclipses and continues to work on bringing science to the public. || ·
 * -id=114
 * 68114 Deákferenc || 2001 AC || Ferenc Deák (1803–1876), a Hungarian statesman, Minister of Justice and honorary member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, whose negotiations led to the establishment of the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary in 1867. He was known as "The Sage Of The Country". || ·
 * -id=144
 * 68144 Mizser || || Attila Mizsér (born 1958) has been one of the leaders of Hungarian amateur astronomy for more than two decades. Long-time leader of the Variable Star Section of the Hungarian Astronomical Association, he has made over 52,000 visual brightness estimates of variable stars. He is also editor-in-chief of Meteor. || ·
 * }

68201–68300

 * -id=218
 * 68218 Nealgalt || || Neal Galt, American amateur astronomer and newspaper columnist who has helped popularize astronomy in southeastern Arizona with his Backyard Astronomer column in the local media. || ·
 * }

68301–68400

 * -id=325
 * 68325 Begues || || The Begues Observatory, in Catalan: Observatori Astronòmic de Begues, is an amateur observatory operated by Pepe Manteca, where this asteroid was discovered. From its altitude of 500 meters, the observatory offers a panoramic view of Barcelona and its suburbs some 25 kilometers away. Begues appears for the first time in history books as the place where Wifredo el Velloso defeated the Lord of Lérida, Llop Ibu Muhammed el Kari, on 11 August 897 (Src). || ·
 * }

68401–68500

 * -id=410
 * 68410 Nichols || || Nichelle Nichols (1932–2022), an American author and actress, was best known for her role as Lt. Nyota Uhura in the Star Trek series. She has also been a global ambassador for NASA, a recruiter of astronauts and an inspirer of millions as an author of science fiction. She stood undaunted in her belief that humankind must seek new knowledge (Src). || ·
 * -id=448
 * 68448 Sidneywolff || || Sidney C. Wolff (born 1941), American director of Kitt Peak National Observatory during 1984–1987 and the National Optical Astronomy Observatory during 1987–2001, president of the American Astronomical Society (1992–1994) and the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (1985–1986), and a founding editor of the Astronomy Education Review. || ·
 * }

68501–68600

 * -bgcolor=#f2f2f2
 * colspan=4 align=center | There are no named minor planets in this number range
 * }

68601–68700

 * -bgcolor=#f2f2f2
 * colspan=4 align=center | There are no named minor planets in this number range
 * }

68701–68800

 * -id=718
 * 68718 Safi || 2002 DQ || Safi, an old Moroccan city located on the Atlantic coast. This port is well known for its sardine fisheries, phosphate industry and handmade pottery. The city is also the birthplace of Salwa Ory, wife of Swiss astronomer Michel Ory, who discovered this minor planet. || ·
 * -id=719
 * 68719 Jangyeongsil || 2002 DW || Jang Yeongsil (1390–1450), a medieval Korean scientist. He is known for the invention of the water clock, Jagyeokru and Okru, the advancement of bronze-type printing technology and the development of astronomical instruments. The JangYeongSil Award, an annual Korean new technology product award, is also named after him. || ·
 * -id=730
 * 68730 Straizys || || Vytautas Straižys (born 1936) a Lithuanian astronomer who was head of the Moletai Observatory and other astronomical institutions in Lithuania. A specialist in stellar photometry and classification, he authored the Vilnius photometric system. He founded the international journal Open Astronomy and served as president of IAU Commission 45. || ·
 * -id=779
 * 68779 Schöninger || || "Schöninger", was German name used for Mount Kleť during the 17th–19th century where the discovering Kleť Observatory is located. The name means "a place with a beautiful view" in German and appears on many historical maps. In the popularized form Šenýgl, the name is still used locally. || ·
 * }

68801–68900

 * -id=853
 * 68853 Vaimaca || || Vaimaca was one of the four "last charrás", native Uruguayan Indians sold by the state to a French manager to be exhibited in France in 1833. He had been an Indian chief who served as a soldier in the army of the Uruguayan national hero José Artigas. Vaimaca's mortal remains were repatriated from France to Uruguay in 2002. || ·
 * }

68901–69000

 * -id=947
 * 68947 Brunofunk || || Bruno Funk (born 1930) a German amateur astronomer who founded the Messelberg Observatory in 1987 and collected all means for its realization from private and public supporters. The observatory is well known for public astronomical education. He is also the president of the amateur association Sternfreunde Donzdorf in Donzdorf (Src). || ·
 * -id=948
 * 68948 Mikeoates || || Michael Oates (born 1957), a British amateur astronomer who was the most successful SOHO-comet hunter in 2003. Using his personal computer and fast Internet connections to scan through the SOHO LASCO image archive, he is credited with 138 near-sun comet discoveries (Src). || ·
 * }


text:
Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean

Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean (formerly known as Roberval) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1949 until 2015.

The riding was created in 1947 from parts of Lake St-John—Roberval riding. It was dissolved into Lac-Saint-Jean and Jonquière during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

The neighbouring ridings are Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou, Chicoutimi—Le Fjord, Jonquière—Alma, Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord, and Saint-Maurice—Champlain.

This is the riding with the highest percentage of non-immigrants (99.4%) and of people with French as their home language (also 99.4%).

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean, 2004 – 2015
Change is from by-election

Roberval, 1947 – 2004
Note: Social Credit vote is compared to Ralliement créditiste vote in the 1968 election.

Note: Ralliement créditiste vote is compared to Social Credit vote in the 1963 election.

title: Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean


text:
Talk:1,1-Difluoroethane

My first
this is my first article. what do you think? 24.37.18.222 (talk) 22:36, 21 April 2005

 * Great start ! Rweasle (talk | contribs) 19:10, 29 May 2006

can it be used to remove warts?
This is my first, so Feel free to correct the formating and link anything. My dad is using this stuff (coming out of a dust-off can) to frezze a wart (to remove it). Do you think it is wize to add this idea to the article? Sir Intellegent 02:43, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

[in reply to Sir Intellegent] I just tried this myself a few days ago. Stupid idea. Since that day (about a week ago) I have been having really bad abdominal cramps/gas. of course it could be something I ate, and kept eating. I tried to find out who added that bit about abdominal cramps to the article, because it isn't in the medical literature, but it was added by some unknown IP address. Maybe he did the same thing... I moved the reference up before that addition. I don't think I breathed in much, but maybe I did, or it was through skin contact. Also, the bittering agent stuck to my skin and fingers, and got onto my lips/face and made my food taste bitter- it can only be cleaned off with alcohol. Anyhow, I don't think the liquid gets cold enough to do the trick - liquid nitrogen (what they use at the doctor's) is colder - this just gets cold because it evaporates quickly. Be smart: Difluoroethane has medical side effects, whereas liquid nitrogen does not. 98.148.192.41 (talk) 06:35, 20 February 2011 (UTC)rogerthepan

No but duck tape sounds safer. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.46.196.154 (talk) 00:26, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Removed data
Moved here because WP is not an MSDS. --Rifleman 82 (talk) 11:35, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

Physical information

 * Vapor pressure: 4020 mmHg/5360 hPa @ 21.1 °C
 * Vapor density (air=1): 2.28 @ 25 °C
 * Density: 2.7014 g/L @ 25 °C
 * Water solubility: 0.54% @ 0 °C
 * Viscosity: 0.00887 cP @ 25 °C

Safety

 * Major health hazards: central nervous system depressant.
 * Major physical hazards: Flammable gas. May cause flash fire.
 * When burned in air, decomposes into hydrogen fluoride and carbon monoxide, both of which are dangerous:
 * 2 C2H4F2 + 3 O2 → 4 CO + 4 HF + 2 H2O

 * Some retail stores are no longer selling this product to people under the age of 21

Effects

 * Inhalation:
 * Short term: symptoms of drunkenness, suffocation
 * Long term: brain damage
 * Skin contact:
 * Short term: frostbite
 * Long term: no data
 * Eye contact:
 * Short term: irritation, blurred vision
 * Long term: blindness
 * Ingestion:
 * Short term: frostbite
 * long term: brain damage

Why is this being phased out as a refrigerant
The article indicates that difluoroethane is being phased out as a refrigerant. It would be helpful to know why it is being phased out and what it is being replaced with. Also, is it being phased for "compressed air" applications? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Tom vail (talk • contribs) 00:43, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

Very good Article

If you want insert a very good info, insert the GWP value = 140 Is very important about the Ecologicaly Value —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.28.86.193 (talk) 15:54, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

what happens to it when it gets dissolved in water?
I tried bubbling the gas in a cup of water - it tasted awful. (No, this was not an attempt to abuse inhalants). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 150.135.92.21 (talk) 09:48, 9 November 2008 (UTC)
 * If the taste stayed in your mouth for awhile, you are tasting the chemical itself. The taste is used as a deterrent against people trying to abuse it and I would assume also doing that. Sticking random chemicals into water (or anything) and drinking it is a sure resipe for disaster. Don't do it. Also, to the wart guy above, no, stupid idea. People, please don't use products for a purpose other than their intended use. If it really was meant to do what you are thinking of doing with it, they would sell it to do that. In summary: messing with chemicals = BAD IDEA. – Andrew Hampe Talk 01:46, 20 July 2009 (UTC)

LFL limit
The lower flammability limit (LFL) stated doesn't appear to match the reference given. The value given in IRIS is 37,000ppm. The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) from DuPont, as well as the MSDS from 3M shows the LEL (synonymous with LFL, see Flammability limit), as 3.9% (39,000ppm). --GriffChE (talk) 12:52, 22 September 2009 (UTC)

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"152a" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect 152a. Please participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. signed,Rosguill talk 19:04, 8 November 2019 (UTC)

Similarity with Propane?
As stated in the article, this chemical (gas) is known in the Air Conditioning industry as R152a; also being used for canister "Air Duster" as well as being sold in canister form as a cheap top-up for automotive R134a A/C systems. People seem to refer to it as being "basically propane camping gas" (this is how I got here). Please can someone consider adding a section outlining the similarity (or not) between Difluoroethane and Propane, or to dispel potential inaccuracy in this statement. Thanks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.156.183.247 (talk) 19:13, 16 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:1,1-Difluoroethane


text:
User:Belmont Stakes

This is a protected folder. Do not delete.

http://kokorononaka.net/ or http://yuugiou.fran-web.net/, then go to http://yuugiou.fran-web.net/Image/Malik/index.html

See: Dover Downs International Speedway

 * 136th Belmont Stakes winner: Afleet Alex. More details found here.

title: User:Belmont Stakes


text: User talk:210.18.215.146

title: User talk:210.18.215.146


text:
Saint-Jean (federal electoral district)

Saint-Jean is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968.

Geography
The riding extends along the Richelieu River southeast of Montreal, in the Quebec region of Montérégie. It consists of the northern and western parts of the RCM of Le Haut-Richelieu.

The neighbouring ridings are Beauharnois—Salaberry, Brossard—La Prairie, Chambly—Borduas, Shefford, and Brome—Missisquoi.

Its population is 102,902, with 85,659 registered electors, and has an area of 734 km2.

Profile
Long a Bloc stronghold, the riding of Saint-Jean turned orange as the NDP swept the province of Quebec in 2011. BQ support was generally spread evenly throughout the riding, like the victorious NDP. The Liberals did slightly better in and around Lacolle than in other portions of the seat but had weak support in all parts of the riding. The Conservatives did have some pockets of good support, but they were largely isolated. Their support was largely uniform, although they did slightly better in the rural areas.

History
It was created in 1966 from parts of Beauharnois—Salaberry, Châteauguay—Huntingdon—Laprairie and Saint-Jean—Iberville—Napierville ridings.

This riding was not changed during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Election results
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

Note: Social Credit vote is compared to Ralliement créditiste vote in the 1968 election.

title: Saint-Jean (federal electoral district)


text: User talk:151.200.243.206

title: User talk:151.200.243.206


text:
Ahmad Nahavandi

Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Nahawandi, also called al-Nahawandi, was an 8th/9th century Persian astronomer. His name indicates that he was from Nahavand, now in modern Iran.

Life
Al-Nahawandi lived and worked at the Academy of Gundishapur, in Khuzestan, Iran, at the time of Yahya ibn Khalid ibn Barmak, the provincial governor and all-powerful long-time vizier to Caliph Harun al-Rashid. Al-Nahawandi is reported to have been making astronomical observations at the academy in around 800. He and the astronomer and mathematician Mashallah ibn Athari were among the earliest Islamic era astronomers who flourished during the reign of al-Mansur, the second Abbasid caliph.

Works
Al-Nahawandi compiled zijes (astronomical tables) under the title.

title: Ahmad Nahavandi


text:
Saint-Maurice—Champlain

Saint-Maurice–Champlain is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004.

It consists of:
 * the City of Shawinigan;
 * the Regional County Municipality of Le Haut-Saint-Maurice, including Communauté de Wemotaci Indian Reserve, Coucoucache Indian Reserve No. 24A and Obedjiwan Indian Reserve No. 28; and
 * the regional county municipalities of Les Chenaux and Mékinac.

The neighbouring ridings are Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou, Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean, Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier, Trois-Rivières, Berthier—Maskinongé, Joliette, Laurentides—Labelle, and Pontiac.

Demographics
According to the 2021 Canadian census

Ethnic groups: 93.0% White, 5.5% Indigenous

Languages: 93.9% French, 2.6% Atikamekw, 1.1% English

Religions: 75.7% Christian (70.3% Catholic, 5.4% Other), 23.5% none

Median income: $37,200 (2020)

Average income: $43,040 (2020)

History
Saint-Maurice—Champlain riding was created in 2003 from parts of Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik, Champlain, Roberval and Saint-Maurice ridings.

This riding gained territory from Trois-Rivières during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

title: Saint-Maurice—Champlain


text:
Delphos gown

The Delphos gown is a finely pleated silk dress first created in about 1907 by French designer Henriette Negrin and her husband, Mariano Fortuny y Madrazo (1871–1949). They produced the gowns until about 1950. It was inspired by, and named after, a classical Greek statue, the Charioteer of Delphi. Since the 1970s, these gowns have been desirable and collectable pieces of vintage clothing, with one selling for a world record price of $10,000 in December 2001.

History
Working out of a 13th-century Venetian palazzo, Fortuny, a Spanish-born artist turned textile designer, produced garments that the novelist Marcel Proust declared "faithfully antique but markedly original". The "Delphos" was a deliberate reference to the chiton of ancient Greece and meant to be worn without undergarments, since the chiton was itself a form of underwear, a radical suggestion during the early years of the 20th century.

Fortuny became famous for his pleated dresses, the "Delphos" and the related "Peplos", adding a short tunic layer meant to resemble the ancient Greek apoptygma. The exact method of pleating was a closely guarded secret involving heat, pressure and ceramic rods, which has never been replicated. On both types of dresses, glass Murano beads are strung on a silk cord along each side seam. The beads serve a functional purpose as well as being decorative, as they weigh down the lightweight silk of the garment to ensure a smooth fit enhancing the natural, uncorseted human form beneath. The construction of the Delphos became its own decoration. Although the "Delphos" eventually became formal wear, with Lauren Bacall wearing a vintage red Delphos to the 1978 Oscars, it was originally intended as informal clothing or a tea gown for wearing solely in the privacy of the home.

Delphos gowns were imported into Paris by the couturier Paul Poiret, and the fashion house Babani which sold them to actresses such as Eleonora Duse.

The Delphos as art
Fortuny's garments, particularly the Delphos gown, have been valued for their artistic and aesthetic qualities since their creation. The fashion historian and writer Colin McDowell considers Fortuny one of the creators of fashion as art, and a Delphos gown was one of only two garments contained in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art, New York in 2003.

During the 1910s and 1920s the Spanish painter Joaquín Sorolla painted several portraits of his wife and other sitters wearing Delphos gowns, some of which are preserved at the Museo Sorolla. The sculptor Hamo Thornycroft described his daughter Elfrida as looking lovely in a 'silk Greek clinging white dress', a Delphos which Elfrida later donated to the Victoria and Albert Museum.

In literature, Marcel Proust described Fortuny's clothes several times in his epic novel In Search of Lost Time, comparing them to musical harmonies, although not explicitly calling them art.

In an 2015 episode of the British television series Downton Abbey, a character (Lady Mary Crawley, played by Michelle Dockery) wore an authentic Peplos gown on loan from the Fortuny brand. It was the first instance of an authentic Delphos being used by a modern television production.

title: Delphos gown


text:
Sherbrooke (federal electoral district)

Sherbrooke is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1925.

Geography
This riding in the south of the province is located in the Quebec region of Estrie. It consists of most of the city of Sherbrooke, other than certain areas to the north and south.

The riding is enclosed in its only neighbour, Compton—Stanstead.

History
It was created in 1924 from parts of Town of Sherbrooke and Richmond—Arthabaska ridings.

The 2012 electoral redistribution saw this riding gain and lose territory with Compton—Stanstead.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of the House of Commons of Canada:

Election results
Source: Elections Canada

Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

Note: Social Credit vote is compared to Ralliement créditiste vote in the 1968 election.

Note: Ralliement créditiste vote is compared to Social Credit vote in the 1963 election.

Note: Progressive Conservative vote is compared to "National Government" vote in 1940

Note: "National Government" vote is compared to Conservative vote in 1935 election.

title: Sherbrooke (federal electoral district)


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Newton Arvin

Fredrick Newton Arvin (August 25, 1900 – March 21, 1963) was an American literary critic and academic. He achieved national recognition for his studies of individual nineteenth-century American authors.

After teaching at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts, for 38 years, he was forced into retirement in 1960 after pleading guilty to charges stemming from the possession of pictures of semi-nude males that the law deemed pornographic.

Arvin was also one of the first lovers of the author Truman Capote.

Life and career
Frederick Newton Arvin was born in Valparaiso, Indiana, and never used his first name. He studied English literature at Harvard, graduating summa cum laude in 1921. His writing career began when Van Wyck Brooks, the Harvard teacher he most admired, invited him to write for The Freeman while he was still an undergraduate. After a short period teaching at the high school level, Arvin joined the English faculty at Smith College and, though he never earned a doctorate, won a tenured position. One of his students was Sylvia Plath, the poet and novelist.

He taught at Smith College for 38 years and was Mary Augusta Jordan Professor of English during the year before his retirement in 1961. He rarely left Northampton for long, nor did he travel far. He visited Europe only once, in the summer of 1929 or 1930. He spent a year's leave of absence in the mid-1920s as the editor of Living Age, a weekly compendium of articles from British and American periodicals.

Arvin often wrote about political issues and took public political positions. For example, in 1936, on the day when Harvard celebrated its 300th anniversary, he joined a group of 28 Harvard graduates in an attack on retired Harvard president Abbott Lawrence Lowell for his role years earlier on an advisory Committee to Massachusetts Governor Alvan T. Fuller that found that Sacco and Vanzetti had received a fair trial. Among his co-signors were editor Malcolm Cowley and author John Dos Passos.

His first book-length publication, Hawthorne, appeared in 1929. A Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship in 1935 provided him a respite from teaching during which time he completed a biography of Walt Whitman.

In 1939 he became a trustee of Yaddo, the artist colony in Saratoga Springs, New York, where he was also a frequent writer-in-residence. There in the summer of 1946 he met and began a two-year affair with the young Truman Capote. Newton addressed him as "Precious Spooky" in amorous letters that went on to discuss literary matters. In 1948 Capote dedicated his novel Other Voices, Other Rooms to Arvin, and he later described how much he learned from Arvin saying: "Newton was my Harvard".

Arvin came to national attention with the publication in 1950 of Herman Melville, a critical biography of the novelist. It won the second annual National Book Award for Nonfiction in 1951.

Alfred Kazin thought it

"the wisest and most balanced single piece of writing on Melville I have seen. It is marked not only by a thoroughly convincing analysis of his creative power and its limitations, but, what is most sharply felt in the book, a wonderfully right feeling for the burning human values involved at every point in Melville's struggle with his own nature... . He is concerned with the man's evolution in a way that leaves an extraordinary impression of concentrated sympathetic awareness."

He particularly valued how Arvin's integration of the details of Melville's biography–his Calvinist background, the mental breakdown of the father he so loved, his mother's transformation by his father's failure and early death–exposes Melville's "grandeur and weakness."

Arvin was elected a member of the National institute of Arts and Letters in 1952. Edmund Wilson wrote that of all critics of American literature only Arvin and his teacher Van Wyck Brooks "can themselves be called first-rate writers."

Though Arvin's Whitman reflected some of his leftist sympathies in the 1930s, he responded to the Cold War with renewed cultural patriotism. In a 1952 essay titled "Our Country and Our Culture", in Partisan Review, he wrote:

"That period, at any rate is over, and the habit of rejection, of repudiation, of mere exacerbated alienation, has ceased to seem relevant or defensible–inevitably, since the culture we profoundly cherish is now disastrously threatened from without, and the truer this becomes, the intenser becomes the awareness of our necessary identification with it."

Scandal
In 1960, the office of the United States Postmaster General (then Arthur Ellsworth Summerfield) initiated a campaign against the distribution and possession of homoerotic materials then deemed obscene. At the same time, local officials in Northampton were engaged in an anti-homosexual crusade. (See Lavender scare.) On September 2, officers of the Massachusetts State Police arrested Arvin on pornography-related charges. The police charged Arvin with "being a lewd person" and charged both him and a Smith faculty colleague, Edward Spofford, with "possession of obscene photographs." Police said Arvin led them to Spofford and that both implicated other male faculty members. Arvin, they said, admitted "displaying the photographs at his apartment and swapping them with others." Further reports specified that the pictures were of males, later revealed as issues of Grecian Guild Pictorial and Trim: Young America's Favorite Physique Publication, containing pictures of semi-nude men.

Arvin eventually pleaded guilty, paid fines of $1200, and was given a one-year suspended sentence and placed on probation.

Smith College suspended Arvin from teaching, but kept him on half salary until retirement age. Yaddo removed him from its board, but soon offered him a fellowship, though he never visited the colony again. Not long after his arrest, Arvin spent some time in Northampton State Hospital, to which he was admitted for suicidal depression.

The only other faculty member caught up in the police sweep was Joel Dorius. Newton's biographer wrote that Newton provided the police with the names of Dorius and Spofford, but Arvin's relatives (a nephew writing on behalf of himself and his mother, Arvin's sister) claimed that Arvin always denied that and said that the police obtained the names from materials found in his home. The Smith College trustees fired both Dorius and Spofford, neither of whom had tenure.

Their convictions were overturned in 1963.

Edward W. "Ned" Spofford (1931 - February 17, 2013 ) continued teaching literature, after his termination as professor from Smith College, at Stanford University. His publications include The Social Poetry of the Georgics.

Raymond Joel Dorius (January 4, 1919 – February 14, 2006) left the United States after the scandal and worked as a professor at the University of Hamburg in West Germany. In 1964 he returned to the United States and taught as a professor at San Francisco State University. He died of bone marrow cancer at his home in San Francisco, California, in 2006.

Death and later recognition
Arvin's final major publication, a study of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, entitled Longfellow, His Life and Work, appeared shortly before his death. The New York Times headlined its review "A Tarnished Reputation Reappraised." The reputation in question was that of Longfellow. The reviewer praised its "fresh and convincing conclusions that Longfellow's best is too good to be left languishing in its present state of neglect," though he expressed dissatisfaction that Arvin "too thinly handles relationships between art and biography."

Arvin died of pancreatic cancer in Northampton on March 21, 1963, and is buried at Union Street/Old City Cemetery in Porter County, Indiana.

Truman Capote established in his will the Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism to be awarded "in honor of the critic Newton Arvin." It has been awarded annually since 1994 by the University of Iowa. It is said to be the largest annual cash prize for literary criticism in the English language.

Friends published a collection of Arvin's essays and book reviews as American Pantheon in 1966. Among the principal authors discussed are Louisa May Alcott, Henry Adams, Emily Dickinson, Ralph Waldo Emerson, William Dean Howells, Henry James, James Whitcomb Riley, Henry David Thoreau, Mark Twain, and John Greenleaf Whittier, as well as Hawthorne, Melville, and Whitman. One reviewer, though unhappy with the book as a representation of Arvin's career, took the opportunity to summarize Arvin's contribution to the study of American literature: "He sharpened to almost unbearable precision the conflict between 'personal wholeness' and the social environment."

In 2001, Barry Werth published a biography, The Scarlet Professor: Newton Arvin: A Literary Life Shattered by Scandal. It provoked a response from Arvin's nephew that criticized its portrayal of Arvin and particularly the charge that Arvin provided names of colleagues to the police in 1960.

In the course of reviewing that biography, critic Benjamin DeMott said Arvin's "penetrating books about Hawthorne and Whitman...were trailbreaking in their time and remain readable today."

Mount Holyoke College held a symposium about Newton Arvin in 2001. In 2002, Smith College established the "Newton Arvin Prize in American Studies," a student award. In 2006, an independent documentary film titled The Great Pink Scare aired on the PBS series "Independent Lens". It covers the arrests of Arvin, Spofford, and Dorius, and their subsequent careers.

The Scarlet Professor, an opera about Arvin by Eric Sawyer and Harley Erdman based on Werth's book, premiered at Smith College in 2017.

Works

 * Author
 * Hawthorne (Boston: Little, Brown, 1929), ISBN 1-4047-6722-3.
 * Whitman (NY: Macmillan Company, 1938).
 * Herman Melville (NY: Sloane 1950), ISBN 0-8021-3871-3.
 * Longfellow: His Life and Work (Boston: Little, Brown, 1963), ISBN 0-8371-9505-5.
 * Daniel Aaron and Sylvan Schendler, eds., American Pantheon: Essays  (NY: Delacorte Press 1966).
 * "Individualism and American Writers" in The Nation, October 14, 1931.
 * "Religion and the Intellectuals" in Partisan Review, January, 1950.
 * "Our Country and Our Culture" in Partisan Review, May 1952.
 * Editor
 * The Heart of Hawthorne's Journals, ed., (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1929).
 * Hawthorne's Short Stories, ed., (NY: Vintage Books, 1946), ISBN 0-394-70015-5.

title: Newton Arvin


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Princes Czartoryski Foundation

The Princes Czartoryski Foundation was established by Prince Adam Karol Czartoryski in 1991 to administer the Czartoryski Museum under the auspices of the National Museum in Kraków, Poland.

Through 2016, the Princes Czartoryski Foundation was the controlling entity of the collections. The Foundation, however, now exists in name only: on 29 December 2016, its Founder and President, Prince Adam Karol Czartoryski, donated to the Polish Nation, on his own behalf and that of his direct ancestors, all the Foundation's buildings (arsenal, monastery, museum, and library), with all their contents, valued at some 3 billion euros.

title: Princes Czartoryski Foundation


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User talk:MamySlave

Blah blah

Proposed deletion of Lethargic Lad

The article Lethargic Lad has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * As far as I can tell this comic strip character doesn't meet the notability guidelines.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Dylanfromthenorth (talk) 03:24, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:MamySlave


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Terrebonne—Blainville

Terrebonne—Blainville was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1997 until 2015.

It was created in 1996 out of parts of Blainville—Deux-Montagnes, Repentigny and Joliette ridings.

The 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution saw the riding abolished into Terrebonne, Thérèse-De Blainville and Mirabel.

Geography
The riding contains the towns of Blainville et Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines in the region of Laurentides, and the town of Terrebonne in Lanaudière.

The neighbouring ridings are Argenteuil—Papineau—Mirabel, Rivière-du-Nord, Montcalm, Alfred-Pellan, and Marc-Aurèle-Fortin.

Election results, 1997–2015
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

title: Terrebonne—Blainville


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Exocyst

The exocyst is an octameric protein complex involved in vesicle trafficking, specifically the tethering and spatial targeting of post-Golgi vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to vesicle fusion. It is implicated in a number of cell processes, including exocytosis, cell migration, and growth.

Subunits
The exocyst is composed of eight subunits, whose nomenclature differs between mammalian cells and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Function
The exocyst complex serves to direct vesicles after the Golgi complex to specific locations on the plasma membrane and to mediate their tethering and localization to the membrane immediately before fusion. The exocyst complex has also been implicated in the active trafficking of mitochondria from immune cells to cancer cells. Because of this function, the exocyst complex is heavily involved in exocytosis. Sec3 (EXOC1) and Exo70 (EXOC7) are localized to the plasma membrane, and are physically attached to the membrane by Rho GTPases such as CDC42. Other complementary exocyst components such as Sec15 (EXOC6) and Sec4 are localized to the vesicle membrane. Exocyst proteins on the plasma membrane bind vesicular exocyst proteins, bringing the vesicle very close to the plasma membrane in a fashion similar to the SNARE interactions to facilitate fusion.

The exocyst also interacts with Rho GTPases responsible for controlling cell polarity and the activity of the cytoskeleton.

History
Hints of a multi-subunit complex involved in yeast exocytosis came from work in Peter Novick's group, then at Yale University School of Medicine, in the early 1990s. Works led by Robert Bowser and Daniel TerBush in 1992 and 1995 respectively isolated Sec6p and Sec8p, showing them to participate in a complex of at least eight proteins, found at the site of active exocytosis. In 1996, the same group identified the exocyst member proteins in yeast and coined the name "exocyst" for the complex.

title: Exocyst


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Trois-Rivières (federal electoral district)

Trois-Rivières (formerly known as Three Rivers and Trois-Rivières Métropolitain) is an electoral district in Quebec, Canada that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1892 and from 1935 to the present.

It was created as "Three Rivers" riding by the British North America Act of 1867. The electoral district was abolished in 1892 when it was merged into Three Rivers and St. Maurice riding.

The electoral district's English name changed in 1947 to "Trois-Rivières". The riding's name was changed again in 1972 to "Trois-Rivières Métropolitain". Trois-Rivières Métropolitain was abolished in 1976 when it was redistributed into a new "Trois-Rivières" riding and Champlain riding.

This riding lost territory to Saint-Maurice—Champlain and gained territory from Berthier—Maskinongé during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Geography
The riding, in the Quebec region of Mauricie, consists of most of the city of Trois-Rivières, excepting the former cities of Trois-Rivières-Ouest and Pointe-du-Lac.

The neighbouring ridings are Berthier—Maskinongé, Saint-Maurice—Champlain, and Bas-Richelieu—Nicolet—Bécancour.

Demographics
(As of 2021)
 * Average family income: $74,200
 * Median household income: $56,800
 * Unemployment:   8%
 * Language: 93.3% French, 1.3% Spanish, 1.2% English, 1% Arabic
 * Religion: 70.4% Christian (63.9% Catholic), 27.1% No religion, 2% Muslim
 * Ethnicity: 91% White, 3.2% Black, 2% Indigenous, 1.4% Latin American, 1.2% Arab

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Districts since 1867 that have included Trois-Rivières
The following list contains members of districts that have included Trois-Rivières, since 1867:


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Silveira v. Lockyer

Silveira v. Lockyer, 312 F.3d 1052 (9th Cir. 2002), is a decision by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruling that the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution did not guarantee individuals the right to bear arms. The case involved a challenge to the constitutionality of the Roberti-Roos Assault Weapons Control Act of 1989 (AWCA), California legislation that banned the manufacture, sale, transportation, or importation of specified semi-automatic firearms. The plaintiffs alleged that various provisions of the AWCA infringed upon their individual constitutionally-guaranteed right to keep and bear arms.

Judge Stephen R. Reinhardt wrote the opinion of the three-member panel. The court engaged in an extensive analysis of the history of the Second Amendment and its attendant case law. The court concluded that the Second Amendment did not guarantee individuals the right to keep and bear arms. Instead, the court concluded that the Second Amendment provides "collective" rights, which is limited to the arming of state militia. The opinion initially cited Michael Bellesiles, the historian who earlier in 2002 had resigned under pressure from Emory University and been stripped of his Bancroft Prize by Columbia University for using fabricated research arguing that during the early period of US history, guns were uncommon during peacetime and that a culture of gun ownership did not arise until the mid-nineteenth century; on January 27, 2003, Judge Reinhardt deleted the citation to Bellesiles and substituted research by political scientist Earl Kruschke in its place.

The Ninth Circuit refused to hear the case en banc but issued a set of dissenting opinions to the denial to take the case en banc, which included a notable opinion by Judge Alex Kozinski. The U.S. Supreme Court denied review, despite the decision conflicting with the holding of the Fifth Circuit in United States v. Emerson.

In the U.S. Supreme Court case of District of Columbia v. Heller, the opinion in Silveira v. Lockyer was overruled. The Supreme Court held in Heller that the right to keep and bear arms is a right of individuals. The Supreme Court also later held in McDonald v. Chicago, in 2010, that the Second Amendment is an incorporated right, meaning that it is applicable to state governments and to the federal government.

title: Silveira v. Lockyer


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Campaign hat

A campaign hat, sometimes called campaign cover, is a broad-brimmed felt or straw hat, with a high crown, pinched symmetrically at the four corners. The campaign hat is occasionally referred to as a Stetson, derived from its origin in the company's Boss of the Plains model in the late 19th century.

The hat is most commonly worn as part of a uniform, by such organizations as the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the New Zealand Army, United States Park Rangers, and Scouts. It should not be confused with the Stetson style cowboy hat, which has a different brim and crease, nor a slouch hat.

History
The origins of the hat can be traced to the 1840s when U.S. Army mounted troops posted to the far-west sometimes wore wide-brimmed civilian hats, which were more practical than the regulation shakos and forage caps then issued. The crease was influenced by the designs of the sombreros worn by the Mexican Vaqueros. The name started to be used after the 1872–1876 regulations, which introduced a black felt hat—which could be drab after 1883—for fatigue use derived from the types popularized during the American Civil War. Some were worn with campaign cords, mainly as a form of decoration. At least as early as 1893, hats of the Stetson Boss of the Plains type were being creased into pointed tops by British South Africa Company (BSAC) scouts in Africa. When designing the iconic uniform for Boy Scouts, Robert Baden-Powell drew on the hat worn by Frederick Russell Burnham, the celebrated American scout, during his service as Chief of Scouts in the BSAC and the British Army in the 1890s. The 1,200 Canadian troops serving under Baden-Powell were the first to wear the campaign hat as a part of their official uniform, and this very likely influenced Baden-Powell's decision to order 10,000 of the hats for the British troops.

A version of the hat, with a crease along the top of the crown, was worn by some US Army troops during the Spanish–American War. The army officially adopted the "Montana peaked" design as a service hat on 8 September 1911.

Through the World War I era, the campaign hat worn by American soldiers was fairly soft. Those worn by the United States Army's general officers had a golden cord around it, whereas other commissioned officers had a golden-and-black campaign cord around their hat. Field clerks, as well as their post-war successors the warrant officers, had a silver-and-black cord, while other ranks had cords in their branch-of-service colors. The United States Marine Corps had the Eagle, Globe, and Anchor badge in black at the front of their campaign hats; its officers had an additional golden-and-scarlet cord around their hat, whereas its other ranks had none.

By the 1930s, the felt was made very stiff with a permanently flat brim. Due to the frequent wearing of helmets in France in World War I, most troops received a copy of the French bonnet de police that became known as the overseas cap. From 1940 onwards, the campaign hat was replaced by the much cheaper American fiber helmet. In 1942 the campaign hat ceased to be issued generally, but it was still commonly found in the Pacific theatre for much of the war, and was the trademark of General Joseph Stilwell.

Canada
In Canada, the campaign hat was the official dress hat of the North-West Mounted Police (later Royal Canadian Mounted Police, who retain it as part of the full dress uniform) as well as Canadian cavalry units in the Boer War and First World War. In the Boer War (South Africa 1899 to 1902) all Canadian military units with the exception of the Royal Canadian Regiment wore campaign hats. The campaign hat was also the hat of the Canadian Scouts and the South African Constabulary, both of these units having many Canadians enlisted. The hat was phased out of military use by the service dress cap following the First World War. Canadian campaign hats had deep indentations at the face of the hat.

The campaign hat is currently worn by several law enforcement organizations, including the Alberta Sheriffs Branch, as a part of their regular uniform. It was also used by members of the Ontario Provincial Police, but it was phased out in 2009 due to problems wearing them in police cruisers.

New Zealand
The New Zealand Army, whose uniforms have historically followed the British pattern, retain the felt campaign hat as their most visible national distinction. This headdress is distinguished by a high crown and deep indentations on all four sides. It was adopted by the Wellington Regiment about 1912 (as proposed by William Malone) and became general issue for all New Zealand units during the latter stages of World War I. In addition to badge insignia, the different branches of service were differentiated by coloured puggarees or wide bands around the base of the crown (blue and red for artillery, khaki and green for mounted rifles, khaki and red for infantry, blue for engineers, yellow for Pay Corps, khaki and white for Army Service Corps, cherry-red for the Medical Corps and maroon for the Veterinary Corps).

The hat was worn to a certain extent during World War II, although often replaced by more convenient forage caps or berets. After being in abeyance since 1960, the hat was reintroduced in 1977 for ceremonial dress, where it was usually worn with a version of the khaki "no 2" service dress of the British Army. Officer cadets and the New Zealand Army Band wear this headdress with a scarlet and blue full dress uniform.

In 2012, it was announced that this form of campaign hat was to be replaced for general wear by the "Mounted Rifles Hat"; a headdress resembling that of the Australian Army but without the turned-up side rim. The historic "Lemon Squeezer" has however been retained for use by honour guards and other limited categories on special formal occasions.

Armed forces
The hat worn by male United States Army drill sergeants is olive drab in color with a golden Great Seal of the United States on a disc centered on the front (infantry drill sergeants have a blue disc behind the seal); this is the same insignia as traditionally worn on the service cap and the dress cap. Female drill sergeants in the Army do not wear a campaign hat but instead wear a hat resembling an Australian slouch hat. Originally beige in color, in 1983 the color was changed to green with the style remaining unchanged. The 133rd Field Artillery Regiment of the Texas Army National Guard wears the Fort Sill–style artillery campaign hat during formal functions, such as the annual Saint Barbara's Day Ball.

Male and female United States Marine Corps drill instructors and primary marksmanship instructors wear similar campaign hats with a matte black Eagle, Globe, and Anchor centered on the front; the same insignia is worn on their olive-drab combination hats. While US Marine Corps officers wear a scarlet-and-gold cord around the hats and generals wear a solid gold cord, enlisted Marines no longer wear cords around the hats. The US Marine Corps was brought into conformity with the US Army's drill instructor's traditional cover and campaign hats were introduced to the Corps on 20 July 1956 as a direct result of the Ribbon Creek incident.

Male United States Air Force military training instructors (MTIs) wear dark-blue hats with the Great Seal of the United States within a ring, in silver color, again centered on the front; this is the same insignia as worn on their service cap. Female MTIs wear an Australian-style dark-blue slouch hat. Air Force MTIs in the top ten percent of their career field wear a light-blue cord and are more likely to be referred to as "Blue Ropes" than MTIs.

Male United States Space Force military training instructors (MTIs) wear dark-blue hats with the USSF Delta, Globe, and Orbit with hexagram representing the six services, in silver color, again centered on the front; this is the same insignia as worn on their enlisted service cap. Female MTIs wear an Australian-style dark-blue slouch hat. Space Force MTIs that are considered experienced have a black-and-silver rope similar to the Army Warrant Officer rope. There are no other ropes used by USSF MTIs.

US Coast Guard recruit training company commanders (USCG-USN counterpart to drill instructors) wear a navy-blue version with a black cord; the insignia worn is the same as worn with the combination cover.

The United States Navy is the only US armed service that does not use the campaign hat. USN recruit division commanders wear normal prescribed covers for their uniforms, with a red aiguillette on their shoulder to show their status.

Park rangers
Campaign hats are worn by US park rangers of the National Park Service. The federal troops sent to protect the resources of the first national parks were cavalry troopers, whose campaign hat was adopted by the Park Service as a symbol of authority. The evolution of the campaign hat can be seen in a 1905 photo of Buffalo Soldiers in Yosemite. Although the hat would not become Army standard until six years later, some in the photo have re-creased their hats into the Montana Peak, probably during their service in Cuba or the Philippines during the 1898 Spanish–American War.

Following the national park ranger style, many states' fish and game wardens and state park police wear campaign hats. Rangers of many local parks departments also wear the campaign hat, such as the New York City Urban Park Rangers.

The animal logo-mascot of the US Forest Service, Smokey Bear, wears the campaign hat. Smokey's debut poster, released in 1944 and illustrated by Albert Staehle, depicts Smokey wearing jeans and a "forest ranger's hat" (a campaign hat), pouring a bucket of water on a campfire. The message underneath reads, "Smokey says – Care will prevent 9 out of 10 forest fires!"

The emblem of the National Park Foundation was, until December 2013, a stylized campaign hat.

Law enforcement
Several US state police services and federal agencies wear campaign hats. So common is use of the campaign hat among state police agencies that state troopers are sometimes referred to as "smokey bears" or "smokeys," after Smokey Bear.

Campaign hats are also worn by the US Border Patrol. Many other police agencies, including numerous county sheriffs' services, and tribal police departments use campaign hats. Some local police use it for particular duties or divisions; for example, officers of the Chicago Police Department's mounted unit employ the hat, as do deputy sheriffs assigned as cadre of the Cook County Sheriff's Boot Camp.

Scout Movement
The campaign hat was worn by and associated with Robert Baden-Powell, the founder of the Scout Movement, and is still available for wear by Scout organizations in several countries. Because this style of hat is also so traditionally associated with Scouting, campaign hats are often used as presentation items by troops and local councils for adult Scouters and community and business leaders being honored for their service to the Scouting movement. Baden-Powell was British, but picked up the habit of wearing a Stetson campaign hat and neckerchief for the first time in 1896 in Africa during the Second Matabele War. It was during this time that Baden-Powell, already a cavalryman, was befriended by the celebrated American scout Frederick Russell Burnham, who favored the campaign hat. In the African hills it was Burnham who first introduced Baden-Powell to the ways and methods of the indigenous peoples of the Americas, and taught him woodcraft (better known today as Scoutcraft). After Baden-Powell became famous as the victor of the Siege of Mafeking in 1899, his hat became something of a trademark. In 1900, Baden-Powell was appointed to raise and command the South African Constabulary and he included the campaign hat as part of their uniform. He may have been influenced by the fact that the trade name of the hats, Boss of the Plains, was sometimes abbreviated to B-P, Baden-Powell's own initials.

When Baden-Powell re-wrote his Army handbook Aids to Scouting into Scouting For Boys in 1908, he included sketches of Boy Scouts wearing the campaign hat. He prescribed a campaign hat as part of the Scout uniform, which he stated was "very like the uniform worn by my men when I commanded the South African Constabulary". He continued; "...The broad brimmed khaki hat is a good protection from sun and rain." Scouting for Boys and the Scout Movement itself quickly spread through the British Empire and then to other countries, such as the United States and Russia where in both cases, Scouting started in 1909. Baden-Powell's uniform was widely imitated by Scout associations in many countries, but eventually began to be discarded in favor of cheaper and more practical headgear; the British Scout Association introduced the uniform beret as an alternative to the hat after World War II and finally abolished its use altogether in 1967. The campaign hat remains an option for members of the Boy Scouts of America.

In Traditional Scouting organizations such as the Baden-Powell Scouts' Association, Scouts unitaires de France and British Boy Scouts and British Girl Scouts Association in the United Kingdom, Baden-Powell Service Association in Canada and the Baden-Powell Service Association in the United States, campaign hats are worn by both male and female Scouts and leaders. It is also used by Portuguese Boy Scouts.

title: Campaign hat