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Blanche II of Navarre

Blanche II (Blanca, Zuria; 9 June 1424 – 2 December 1464) was the titular Queen of Navarre between 1461 and 1464. She was the daughter of John II of Aragon and Blanche I of Navarre. She was also Princess of Asturias by marriage to Henry of Castile.

Birth
Blanche was born on 9 June 1424 in Olite, Navarre. She was the second child and eldest daughter born to John II of Aragon, who was Duke of Montblanc at the time, and his wife, Blanche of Navarre.

Heiress of Navarre
In 1427, she, her brother Charles, and her sister Eleanor were proclaimed the rightful heirs of the kingdom of Navarre. Blanche was promised to the heir of Castile in the peace treaty between Navarre and Castile in 1436. She married Henry, Prince of Asturias (later King Henry IV of Castile) in 1440. The marriage was reputedly never consummated.

In 1453, after thirteen years, Henry sought the annulment of the marriage. An official examination confirmed the virginity of Blanche. A divorce was granted by the Pope on the grounds that some "witchcraft" had prevented Henry from consummating the marriage. After this, Blanche was sent home to Navarre, where she was imprisoned by her family: from 1462, she was under the custody of her sister. She remained childless throughout her life.

Claimant to the throne
After the death of her brother in 1461, some dissatisfied Navarrese elements and some of the anti-Aragonese party regarded Blanche as the rightful monarch, as they had regarded Charles. They proclaimed her queen. She would have thus become Blanche II of Navarre, had not her father (who wanted to keep the government of Navarre) already had her incarcerated and thus not capable to act.

John tried to marry her to Charles, Duke of Berry, and younger brother of Louis XI of France to make an alliance, but Blanche refused, and her act irritated her father. In 1464, she came back to Pamplona with the help of its bishop Nicolas de Etchabarri, who was murdered shortly after, in order to attend the Courts of Navarre.

She died by poison in Orthez less than a month later. Both her father and her sister Eleanor are suggested to have been responsible for her death. Upon her death, her rights to Navarre were inherited by her next sister, Eleanor of Aragon, Countess of Foix, who however was their father's ally and supporter, and did not press her own claims until his death in 1479.

title: Blanche II of Navarre


text:
Talk:Tack (sailing)

Red=Stop Green=Proceed
How old might this convention be?

The is a Navigation Act of about 1850.

Railway signals started using these colours around 1930.

Tabletop 06:29, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

Tacking
The section on tacking as a maneuver is inaccurate to my knowledge, though only subtly. Tacking refers to the process of beating a course up wind, back and forth, while "coming about" refers to the actual method of turning (to be distinct from jibing, the other possible method). Modern sailboats (marconi rig) will sometimes tack heading downwind without coming about as well, due to their much greater speed on a beam reach. Unfortunately, my "source" on this is limited to the way it's been described by the sailors (yachters) that I've spoken to. Is there a source for the current version that I can investigate? siafu 30 June 2005 04:11 (UTC)

 * Yes and no, depending on the exact form of speech. "To tack" is a synonym for "to come about". "Tacked" is similar; it is used about equally for "came about" (as in "I tacked out of his path") and "beating to windward" ("I tacked up to the mark"). "Tacking" may mean "coming about", but you are correct that for this particular form it is more common for it to mean "beating to windward". The meaning is usually obvious from the context. Noel (talk) 18:15, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Can we add a comment about the racing tactic of "tacking on a header"? David (talk) RDS 16:40, 1 September 2009 (UTC)

Beating without coming about?
As of 4/18/2007, the article says "Tacking or beating to windward may also refer to the process of beating a course upwind, back and forth, without actually coming about." I don't get this. How do you go back and forth upwind without coming about? Pirate Dan 15:17, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

 * You are certainly right that beating to windward is not the same as tacking. I think that Noel's answer makes sense in the context of responding to the original question, in the sense of "for this particular form it is more common for it to mean *changing tack* while 'beating to windward'".  Siafu correctly points out that although when used alone, the term "tacking" is synonymous with "coming about", one can (and racing sailboats often do) also "tack downwind"; i.e., they change tack by jibing rather than coming about. I agree with you that the current article is somewhat confusing, and have undertaken to edit it slightlyJunckerg 04:51, 6 July 2007 (UTC).

 * To "tack downwind" is via head to wind due to the prevailing conditions (ie very strong winds) or the inexperience of the crew, or both. A boat can either "tack downwind" or "gybe downwind".  Do race boats "tack downwind to the leeward mark"?   Using 21st century usage of the words, "beating up to windward" is the same as "tacking up to windward".  In a written article or using the spoken word, a boat is "beating to the windward mark" during which zero or one or multiple tacks may take place. We could also say the boat is "tacking up to the windward mark".  Today "beating" and "tacking" are synonymous. The article needs proper definitions as indicated above and reference to 'popular usage' ie "tacking" is interchangeable with "beating".  But I am not so convinced that "tacking downwind" means "gybing downwind".    Boatman 10:02, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

"Procedure" section should be removed/edited
NOT says that Wikipedia is "not an instruction manual, guidebook, or textbook".

Much of this section is just a "how to". Some is relevant info, but I don't know enough about sailing to pick and choose. Would someone clean this up a little if they have the chance? Thanks -M.Nelson (talk) 06:02, 23 August 2008 (UTC)

27 may 2012 If anyone ever is in the mood for cleaning up I suggest that the expression "To The Max" be purged from this article (and all others). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.125.246.45 (talk) 05:31, 27 May 2012 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Tack (sailing)


text:
Raninoida

Raninoida is a taxonomic section of the crabs, containing a single superfamily, Raninoidea. This group of crabs is unlike most, with the abdomen not being folded under the thorax. It comprises 46 extant species, and nearly 200 species known only from fossils.

Below is a cladogram showing Raninoidea's placement within Brachyura:

title: Raninoida


text:
International Chamber Music Festival of Cervo

The International Chamber Music Festival of Cervo was inaugurated in 1964, the brainchild of the renowned Hungarian violinist Sandor Vegh. It is held every July and August in the picturesque church square of Cervo, a small, ancient town in Liguria, Italy.

Among the world-class stars who have performed here are Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli, Sviatoslav Richter, Wilhelm Kempff, Maurizio Pollini, Yehudi Menuhin, Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, Martha Argerich, Uto Ughi, Ivo Pogorelić, Andras Schiff, Luciano Berio, François-Joël Thiollier, Paul Badura-Skoda, the King's Singers, Rudolf Buchbinder, Cyprien Katsaris, Joseph Silverstein, Chi-Ho Han, Viktoria Mullova, Ulf Hoelscher, David Geringas, Arnulf von Arnim, Salvatore Accardo, and Fazıl Say.


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Steven Bradbury

Steven John Bradbury OAM (born 14 October 1973) is an Australian former short track speed skater and four-time Olympian. He won the 1,000 m event at the 2002 Winter Olympics. He was the first athlete from Australia and also the Southern Hemisphere to win a Winter Olympic gold medal, and he was also part of the short track relay team that won Australia's first Winter Olympic medal, a bronze in 1994.

1991 World Championships and 1992 Winter Olympics
In 1991, Bradbury was part of the Australian quartet that won the 5,000 m relay at the World Championships in Sydney. It was Australia's first world championship in a winter sport. Australia's short track relay team went into the 1992 Winter Olympics as world champions, but the team crashed in the semi-finals. The Australians were in third place when Richard Nizielski lost his footing; they finished fourth and failed to reach the final. Bradbury was unable to help, as he had been named as the reserve for the team and was sitting on the bench. He was not selected for any individual events.

1994 Winter Olympics
At the 1994 Winter Olympics in Norway, Bradbury was part of the short track relay team that won Australia's first Winter Olympic medal, a bronze. They scraped into the four-team final after edging out Japan and New Zealand to finish second in their semi-final. They adopted a plan of staying on their feet as first priority, and remaining undisqualified and beating at least one of the other three finalists. During the race, the Canadians fell and lost significant time, meaning that Australia would win their first medal if they raced conservatively and avoided a crash. Late in the race, Nizielski was fighting with his American counterpart for track position for the silver medal, but took the safe option and yielded, mindful of the lost opportunity following the crash in Albertville. Thus Bradbury, Nizielski, Andrew Murtha and Kieran Hansen became Australia's first Winter Olympics medallists.

Bradbury was also entered in the 500 m and 1,000 m individual events and was the favourite going into the latter. In the first event, Bradbury came second in his heat in a time of 45.43 s and then won his quarterfinal in a time of 44.18 s to qualify for the semifinal. In the semifinal, Bradbury was knocked over by a rival and he limped home fourth, in a time of 1 m 03.51 s and was eliminated. He came fourth in the B final and was classified eighth overall out of 31 competitors. In the 1,000 m event, Bradbury fell in his heat after being illegally pushed by a competitor who was later disqualified. He came home in 2 m 01.89 s, more than 30 s off the leaders' pace and was eliminated. Nevertheless, because of the high rate of accidents, Bradbury came 24th out of 31 competitors.

During a 1994 World Cup event in Montreal, another skater's blade sliced through Bradbury's right thigh after a collision; it cut through to the other side, resulting in him losing four litres of blood. Bradbury's heart rate had been close to 200 bpm at the end of the race and this meant that blood was being pumped out fast. All four of his quadriceps muscles had been sliced through, and Bradbury thought that he would die if he lost consciousness. The injury required 111 stitches and Bradbury could not move the leg for three weeks. His leg needed 18 months before it was back to full strength.

1998 Winter Olympics
Bradbury, Nizielski and Kieran Hansen, three of the quartet that won Australia's maiden medal in 1994, returned for the 1998 Winter Olympics in Japan with new teammate Richard Goerlitz. There were hopes that they could repeat their Lillehammer performance. However, in their qualifying race, they placed third in a time of 7 m 11.691 s and missed the final by one place, even though they had been two seconds faster than their medal-winning performance of 1994. They completed the course four seconds slower in the B final and came last in the race, and thus last out of eight teams overall.

Bradbury was again regarded as a medal contender in the individual events, but was impeded in collisions with other racers in both the 500 m and 1,000 m events. He came third in the heats of both races, posting times of 43.766 s and 1 m 33.108 s in each race. Neither of these times were fast enough to advance him to the quarterfinals and he came 19th and 21st out of 30 competitors respectively.

In September 2000, Bradbury broke his neck in a training accident. Another skater fell in front of him and Bradbury tried to jump over him, but instead clipped him and tripped head first into the barriers. As a result, Bradbury fractured his C4 and C5 vertebrae. He spent a month and a half in a halo brace, and needed four pins to be inserted in his skull and screws and plates bolted into his back and chest. Doctors told Bradbury that he would not be able to take to the ice again, but he was determined to reach another Olympics. He wanted redemption after the crashes in the individual races in 1994 and 1998, even though he conceded that he would be past his best in terms of challenging for the medals.

2002 Winter Olympics
Bradbury took an unlikely gold medal win in the men's short track 1000 metres event at the Salt Lake City 2002 Winter Olympic Games. He won his heat convincingly in the 1,000 m, posting a time of 1:30.956. However, in the quarter-finals, Bradbury was allocated to the same race as Apolo Anton Ohno, the favourite from the host nation, and Marc Gagnon of Canada, the defending world champion. Only the top two finishers from each race would proceed to the semifinals. Bradbury finished third in his race and thought himself to be eliminated, but Gagnon was disqualified for obstructing another racer, allowing the Australian to advance to the semi-finals.

After consulting his national coach Ann Zhang, Bradbury's strategy from the semi-final onwards was to cruise behind his opponents and hope that they crashed, as he could not match their pace. His reasoning was that risk-taking by the favourites could cause a collision due to a racing incident, and if two or more skaters fell, the remaining three would all get medals, and that as he was slower than his opponents, trying to challenge them directly would only increase his own chances of falling. Bradbury said that he was satisfied with his result, and felt that as the second-oldest competitor in the field, he was not able to match his opponents in four races on the same night.

In his semi-final race, Bradbury was in last place, well off the pace of the medal favourites. However, defending champion Kim Dong-sung of South Korea, multiple Olympic medallist Li Jiajun of China and Mathieu Turcotte of Canada all crashed, paving the way for Bradbury to take first place and advancing him through to the final. In the final, Bradbury was again well off the pace when all four of his competitors (Ohno, Ahn Hyun-Soo, Li and Turcotte) crashed out at the final corner while jostling for the gold medal. This allowed Bradbury, who was around 15 m behind with only 50 m to go, to avoid the pile-up and take the victory. Bradbury became the first person from a southern hemisphere country to win a Winter Olympic event. After a period of delay, the judges upheld the result and did not order a re-race, confirming Bradbury's victory.

In an interview after winning his gold, referring to his two career- and life-threatening accidents, Bradbury said: "Obviously I wasn't the fastest skater. I don't think I'll take the medal as the minute-and-a-half of the race I actually won. I'll take it as the last decade of the hard slog I put in." He also said, "I was the oldest bloke in the field and I knew that, skating four races back to back, I wasn't going to have any petrol left in the tank. So there was no point in getting there and mixing it up because I was going to be in last place anyway. So (I figured) I might as well stay out of the way and be in last place and hope that some people get tangled up."

He later said that he never expected all of his opponents to fall, but added that he felt that the other four racers were under extreme pressure and might have over-attacked and taken too many risks. Bradbury cited the host nation pressure on Ohno, who was expected to win all four of his events. Li, much like Bradbury himself, had won Olympic medals but was yet to take a gold medal, Turcotte only had one individual event, and Ahn had been the form racer at the Olympics so far. Bradbury felt that none would be willing to settle for less than gold and that, as a result, they might collide.

Bradbury had three other events at the 2002 Winter Olympics. In the relay event, the Australians came third in their heat in a time of 7:19.177 and failed to make the final. They came second in the B final and finished sixth out of seven teams. In the 1,500 m event, Bradbury came third in his heat, before placing fourth in the semi-final and being eliminated. He then came fifth in the B final to finish 10th out of 29 entrants. He was unable to maintain his speed through the competition; after posting a time of 2:22.632 in the heats, Bradbury slowed by three seconds in each of his next two races. In the 500 m event, Bradbury came second in his heat and was eliminated after coming third in his quarter-final. He finished 14th out of 31 overall.

Legacy
The unlikely win turned Bradbury into something of a folk hero. Many newspapers hailed Bradbury and held him as an example of the value of an underdog never giving up—regardless of the odds against them. The unusual manner of his victory made news across the world. However, some unhappy American commentators also made fun of the race and used it to criticise what they perceived as a lack of merit required to win a short track event. USA Today said: "The first winter gold medal in the history of Australia fell out of the sky like a bagged goose. He looked like the tortoise behind four hares", while the Boston Globe said that "multiple crashes that allow the wrong person to win are part of the deal".

Bradbury's feat has entered the Australian colloquial vernacular in the phrase "doing a Bradbury", meaning an unexpected or unusual success. "Do a Bradbury" has been given the official stamp of recognition when the second edition of the Australian National Dictionary included the phrase along with more than 6,000 new words and phrases in 2016. Bradbury's triumph was celebrated by Australia Post issuing a 45-cent stamp of him, which followed on from it issuing stamps of Australian gold medallists at the 2000 Sydney Olympics. Bradbury's stamp was issued on 20 February 2002, four days after his victory. He received $20,000 for the use of his image. He said the fee "should get me a car. I haven’t had a car for a long time", and later described having a stamp issued as "a great honour". Before the Olympics, Bradbury had needed to borrow $1,000 from his parents to fix his old car to go to training.

Bradbury was courted for sponsorship after his triumph and was interviewed on many American television shows. He had previously supported himself by making skating boots in a backyard workshop; his Revolutionary Boot Company supplied Ohno with free boots, and Bradbury had asked Ohno to endorse his boots when he won in Salt Lake City, not thinking that he would defeat the American.

Retirement
Bradbury retired after the 2002 Olympics. He commentated at the 2006 Winter Olympics, and for the Nine Network and Foxtel at the 2010 Winter Olympics. In 2005, Bradbury was a contestant in the second series of the Australian television show Dancing with the Stars. In 2019, he competed in the sixth season of Australian Survivor. He was eliminated on Day 12 and finished in 20th place.

In March 2022, Bradbury rescued four teenage girls from drowning whilst out surfing with his son Flyn on the Sunshine Coast. For this act, he was awarded with a Commendation for Brave Conduct.

Motor racing career
After retiring from skating, Bradbury participated in competitive motor racing. After placing fourth in the 2005 Australian Grand Prix Celebrity Race, he competed in Queensland state-level Formula Vee championship events in 2006 and 2007, placing sixth in both years. In 2007, he raced in the National Formula Vee Championships at Morgan Park Raceway, placing 15th.

In 2009, Bradbury competed in the Australian Mini Challenge at the Tasmanian round and 2010 at Queensland Raceway as their Uber Star. He also made a one-off appearance in the V8 Ute Series at Adelaide in March 2010, driving with regular Ute racer Jason Gomersall on the support program of the 2010 Clipsal 500.

Honours
In recognition of his Olympic medal win, Bradbury was awarded the key to the City of Brisbane in 2002 and a Medal of the Order of Australia in 2007. He was also inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in that year.

In 2009, Bradbury was inducted into the Queensland Sport Hall of Fame.

In the 2023 August Bravery Honours List, Bradbury was awarded the Commendation for Brave Conduct. This recognised his role in rescuing four teenage girls caught in a rip off of King’s Beach in Caloundra, Queensland, in 2022.

title: Steven Bradbury


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On Photography

On Photography is a 1977 collection of essays by American writer Susan Sontag. The book originated from a series of essays Sontag published in the New York Review of Books between 1973 and 1977.

In On Photography, Sontag examines the history and contemporary role of photography in society. She contrasts the work of Diane Arbus with Depression-era documentary photography and explores the evolution of American photography from Walt Whitman's idealistic notions to the cynicism of the 1970s. Sontag argues that photography fosters a voyeuristic relationship with the world and can diminish the meaning of events. The book discusses the relationship between photography and politics and the tension between recording and intervention. On Photography received both acclaim and criticism, with some reviewers questioning its academic rigor.

Contents
In the book, Sontag expresses her views on the history and present-day role of photography in societies as of the 1970s. Sontag discusses many examples of modern photography. Among these, she contrasts Diane Arbus's work with that of Depression-era documentary photography commissioned by the Farm Security Administration.

She also explores the history of American photography in relation to the idealistic notions of America put forth by Walt Whitman and traces these ideas through to the increasingly cynical aesthetic notions of the 1970s, particularly in relation to Arbus and Andy Warhol.

Sontag argues that the proliferation of photographic images had begun to establish within people a "chronic voyeuristic relation to the world." Among the consequences of this practice of photography is that the meaning of all events is leveled and made equal.

As she argues, perhaps originally with regard to photography, the medium fostered an attitude of anti-intervention. Sontag says that the individual who seeks to record cannot intervene, and that the person who intervenes cannot then faithfully record, for the two aims contradict each other. In this context, she discusses in some depth the relationship of photography to politics. One of the themes that is connected with the book is the problem of the norm and the repressive function of the idea of the norm in society.

Reception
On Photography won the National Book Critics Circle Award for Criticism for 1977 and was selected among the top 20 books of 1977 by the editors of The New York Times Book Review. In 1977, William H. Gass, writing in The New York Times, said the book "shall surely stand near the beginning of all our thoughts upon the subject" of photography.

In a 1998 appraisal of the work, Michael Starenko, wrote in the magazine Afterimage: "On Photography has become so deeply absorbed into this discourse that Sontag's claims about photography, as well as her mode of argument, have become part of the rhetorical 'tool kit' that photography theorists and critics carry around in their heads". He added that "no other photography book, not even The Family of Man (1955), which sold four million copies before finally going out of print in 1978, received a wider range of press coverage than On Photography."

In 2003, Sontag published Regarding the Pain of Others, which reassesses some of the views she espoused in On Photography. Sontag considered that book to be a sequel to On Photography. Sontag's publishing history includes a similar sequence with regard to her 1978 book Illness as Metaphor and AIDS and Its Metaphors a decade later, which expands on some of the ideas contained in the earlier work.

Editions

 * New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1977. ISBN 0-374-22626-1.
 * London: Allan Lane, 1978. ISBN 0-7139-1128-X.
 * New York: Anchor Books, 1990. ISBN 0-385-26706-1.
 * New York: Picador, 2001 ISBN 978-0312420093.
 * Reprinted in Sontag: Essays of the 1960s & 1970s, Library of America, 2013. ISBN 978-1-59853-255-5. Includes endnotes.

Earlier versions of these essays appeared in The New York Review of Books:
 * Volume 20, No. 16 (October 18, 1973).
 * Volume 20, No. 18 (November 15, 1973).
 * Volume 21, No. 6 (April 18, 1974).
 * Volume 21, No. 19 (November 28, 1974).
 * Volume 23, No. 21 & 22 (January 20, 1977).
 * Volume 24, No. 11 (June 23, 1977).

title: On Photography


text:
Talk:Thespian

This tells us nothing about the international thespian society.

title: Talk:Thespian


text:
Division of Wentworth

The Division of Wentworth is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. The division encompasses the suburbs to the east of Sydney CBD, mostly Woollahra and Waverley council in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs.

History
The division was proclaimed in 1900 and was one of the original 65 divisions contested at the first federal election. The division is named after William Charles Wentworth (1790–1872), an Australian explorer and statesman. In 1813 he accompanied Blaxland and Lawson on their crossing of the Blue Mountains. Wentworth was also an advocate of free and representative government in Australia.

Historically considered a safe seat for the Liberal Party of Australia and its predecessors, Wentworth is one of only two original federation divisions in New South Wales, along with the Division of North Sydney, which have never been held by the Australian Labor Party, though Labor candidate Jessie Street came within 1.6 percent of winning Wentworth at the 1943 election landslide. The electorate is the nation's wealthiest, contains the nation's largest Jewish population and contains the nation's fifth-largest number of same-sex couples.

Its most prominent member was Malcolm Turnbull, who served as Leader of the Opposition from 2008 to 2009 and as Prime Minister of Australia from September 2015 until August 2018. Other prominent members have included Sir Eric Harrison, who was the first Deputy of the Liberal Party; Les Bury and Bob Ellicott, who both served as prolific ministers in successive Liberal governments of the 1960s and 1970s; Peter Coleman, who had served as New South Wales Opposition Leader from 1977 until he lost his seat in the 1978 state election; and John Hewson, who served as Opposition Leader from 1990 to 1994. Like Turnbull after him, Hewson served as federal Liberal leader whilst in his second term as the MP for Wentworth.

In August 2018, a challenge by Peter Dutton led to two Liberal leadership spills. Following the second spill on 24 August 2018, Treasurer Scott Morrison defeated Dutton in a leadership ballot. Turnbull did not nominate as a candidate, and immediately resigned as Prime Minister. On 31 August 2018 Turnbull resigned from Parliament, triggering the 2018 Wentworth by-election on 20 October 2018, which was won by independent candidate Kerryn Phelps. Phelps narrowly lost her seat to Liberal Dave Sharma in the 2019 Australian federal election.

Sharma lost the seat in the May 2022 Australian federal election to "teal independent" Allegra Spender amid the Liberal collapse in the North Shore. The swing against the Liberals was large enough to make Wentworth marginal against Labor in a "traditional" two-party contest for the first time since 1943; on paper, Sharma's margin against Labor was pared down to 5.9 percent.

Boundaries
Since 1984, federal electoral division boundaries in Australia have been determined at redistributions by a redistribution committee appointed by the Australian Electoral Commission. Redistributions occur for the boundaries of divisions in a particular state, and they occur every seven years, or sooner if a state's representation entitlement changes or when divisions of a state are malapportioned.

Wentworth is the second-smallest geographical electoral division in the Parliament with an area of just 38 km2, covering Woolloomooloo along the southern shore of Sydney Harbour to Watsons Bay and down the coast to Clovelly—an area largely coextensive with Sydney's Eastern Suburbs. The western boundary runs along Oxford Street, Flinders Street and South Dowling Street, then eastward along Alison Road to Randwick Racecourse and Clovelly Beach. It includes the suburbs of Bellevue Hill, Ben Buckler, Bondi, Bondi Beach, Bondi Junction, Bronte, Centennial Park, Darling Point, Double Bay, Dover Heights, Edgecliff, Moore Park, North Bondi, Paddington, Point Piper, Queens Park, Rose Bay, Rushcutters Bay, Tamarama, Vaucluse, Watsons Bay, Waverley and Woollahra; as well as parts of Clovelly, Darlinghurst, East Sydney, Elizabeth Bay, Kings Cross, Potts Point and Randwick.

title: Division of Wentworth


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/On Photography

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep (and nomination withdrawn) Sjakkalle 11:03, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

On Photography
delete - I have no idea what this is CoolGuy 08:00, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * ok now that I know it's referring to a book, it looks good. keep - it looked to me before that it was just a comment 'on photography' CoolGuy 17:24, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I think it's referring to the Susan Sontag work, but it's been a long time since I've read it. A TOC isn't much of a start regardless.  Postdlf 08:18, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and Expand. The Sontag article actually links to it already and a number of her other works have their own articles.  I've replaced the TOC with a stub but I've not actually read the book, so someone else will have to add to it.  I've left a note on Talk:Susan Sontag in the hopes that someone working on that article will contribute to this one.  SteveW | Talk 21:26, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and Expand -- there might be lots of stuff in any good encyclopedia that would lead CoolGuy (or Christofurio) to say "I have no idea what this is." Still, this one is a notable and widely noted discussion of the ethical quandries inherent in photography. --Christofurio 21:30, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The fact that it is a work by a well-known author that won a significant award makes it notable enough for mine. Capitalistroadster 00:43, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Postdlf 01:06, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I just added to the article an ISBN number, a one sentence book description, and an external link to information on Sontag's web site. Zzyzx11 | Talk 06:08, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's a hugely influential book in the early history of photography studies. --Ngb 14:22, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: File:Plo emblem.png

title: File:Plo emblem.png


text: Talk:Conjugated linoleic acid

title: Talk:Conjugated linoleic acid


text:
Talk:Pecker (film)

Untitled
someone should wikify this, it sounds like a preview —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rainfall10110 (talk • contribs) 00:33, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Pecker movie poster.jpg
Image:Pecker movie poster.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 00:48, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

I removed this trivia section from the Pecker entry. I'm posting the section here in case someone can salvage any relevant items from it and incorporate them into the main article. (Looking at the info, I have my doubts, but I'm trying to be nice here.) Kinkyturnip (talk) 05:18, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

Trivia

 * In the opening scene, the number of the bus is 7734. According to John Waters, this is an old Catholic school joke since '7734' upside-down "spells" hell.
 * The claw machine in the bar contains, among other things, a box of Ex-Lax, a box of Gas-X, a liquor bottle filled with a dark brown liquid (bourbon maybe?), and a cell phone.
 * Pecker's camera is an early model of the Canonet, a compact camera made over a period of more than a decade (primarily in the 1960s) by Canon for the consumer market.
 * When you see people looking through the basement window of Pecker's house, you are actually seeing inside the basement of the house next door. All basement scenes were filmed there.
 * The house that was used to film Pecker's house in the movie burned down a couple of years ago. It is now simply a grass lot, being bought out by the neighbors behind the house as an extension to their back yard. Kinkyturnip (talk) 05:18, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

infobox problem
in trying to format the infobox (it was overwiki'd), now there seems to be a problem which i can't fix on the producer line. I cannot undo it. I will get an admin to fix this(or will rewrite the entire infobox) as I'm not seeing why it comes out wrong. Help if you can. M i k e P  talk 19:49, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

G rating on release?
Pecker is now listed as "R" at IMDB. I saw it first run and recall that it had been rated "G" but the cinema had posted signs stating that even though it was G-rated, it was a John Waters film, and not allowing parents with small children in unless the parents demonstrated John Waters competency in a subjective interview. I believe this is notable story, and deserves a section on the main page, something like "rating controversy." Supposedly, during discussions with the ratings people about how to rate the film, Waters pointed out that films with similar titles had been given G ratings, in particular, "Free Willy," and he then received his desired G rating. 74.62.64.196 (talk) 22:42, 31 July 2012 (UTC)

Minor Edit
Corrected Joy to Joyce in cast listingGnuwhirled (talk)

Plot comparison to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Excuse me...

I am asking this, some years ago. I have heard that Pecker has nearly the same storyline as the classic book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Is this true? I did not know such a film existed till a few months ago this year. I have read the film's plot on this article, it is different but everyone is saying the opposite, that it's only Alice in Wonderland with a gender reversal twist in a new way. Picaboo3 (talk) 17:07, 3 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pecker (film)


text:
User talk:Snowspinner~enwiki/There are no deletionists

Is this a joke, Phil? Obviously inclusionism and deletionism is a spectrum. You can be a deletionist without wanting to delete everything and an inclusionist without wanting to include everything. The community has already defined for itself the meanings of these terms. Everyking 08:03, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Don't yell at me or anything, but wouldn't that eminent man on wheels be a deletionist by your definition :P gkhan 06:55, 26 September 2005 (UTC)


text:
Max von Essen

Max von Essen (born January 11, 1974) is an American stage and screen actor, and vocalist.

Life and career
Raised on Long Island, von Essen is a graduate of South Side High School in Rockville Centre, New York. He attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and after graduation toured with Liza Minnelli. He is a member of the Von Essen family, who are part of the German and Swedish nobility. A son of Rita and Thomas Von Essen, who was the New York City Fire Commissioner during the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, he is the youngest of four children. He is openly gay.

He toured Europe in West Side Story and was a cast member of the U.S. national tour of Chicago. He made his Broadway debut in Jesus Christ Superstar in 2000 as Disciple and Jesus of Nazareth understudy. He appeared in Les Misérables on Broadway as the replacement for Fauchelevent and other roles, and starred in Dance of the Vampires alongside Michael Crawford in 2002. He played the role of student revolutionary leader Enjolras (replacement) in the Les Misérables Broadway revival in 2006 at the Broadhurst Theater.

In 2006, he was a soloist at the biggest Andrew Lloyd Webber musical gala to date, held in Tallinn, Estonia. He performed in the national tour of Xanadu as "Sonny" in 2008 and in the Roundabout Theater Company Off-Broadway production of Maury Yeston's Death Takes a Holiday at the Laura Pels Theatre in 2011. In 2015, von Essen played the role of Parisian aristocrat Henri in the Broadway production of An American in Paris, for which he received a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical nomination.

Broadway
Source: Internet Broadway Database

Awards and nominations
Source: IBDB

title: Max von Essen


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David Burtka

David Michael Burtka (born May 29, 1975) is an American actor and chef.

Early life
Burtka was born in Dearborn, Michigan, the son of Deborah A. Zajas (died 2008) and Daniel Burtka. He is of Polish descent. He grew up in Canton, Michigan, and graduated from Salem High School in 1993. He trained in acting at Interlochen Center for the Arts, obtained his Bachelor of Fine Arts from the University of Michigan and had further training at the William Esper Studios.

Acting career
Burtka made his television debut in 2002 with a guest role on The West Wing. This was followed by guest appearances on Crossing Jordan.

Burtka made his Broadway debut as Tulsa in the 2003 revival of Gypsy, which starred Bernadette Peters. He played The Boy in the American premiere of Edward Albee's The Play About the Baby, for which he won the 2001 Clarence Derwent Award for most promising male performer.

In 2004, Burtka originated the role of Matt in the musical The Opposite of Sex and reprised the role in the work's East Coast premiere in the summer of 2006.

Burtka appeared in seven episodes of How I Met Your Mother, playing "Scooter", the former high school boyfriend of Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan). Burtka made a cameo appearance, in A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas, as himself, opposite Neil Patrick Harris.

Burtka starred in Osiris Entertainment's 2013 film Annie and the Gypsy, and had a featured role in the 2014 film Dance Off.

In 2015, Burtka returned to Broadway in a musical comedy, directed by David Hyde Pierce and entitled It Shoulda Been You. An Off-Broadway revival of Yasmina Reza's God of Carnage at Theatre Row in NYC featuring Burtka began previews on April 18, 2023, and opened on April 27, 2023. Burtka starred along with Carey Cox, Gabe Fazio and Christiane Noll.

Culinary career
While living in Los Angeles, Burtka took a hiatus from acting full-time to become a professional chef. He graduated from Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts Pasadena in the summer of 2009; afterwards, he began running a Los Angeles catering company, "Gourmet MD". Burtka's cookbook, Life is a Party, a collection of recipes and tips on entertaining, was published in April 2019.

Personal life

Burtka was in a relationship with Lane Janger in the early 2000s, around the time Janger was expecting twins via surrogacy. Although not the biological or legal father of the children, Burtka helped raise them during his relationship with Janger, and has remained close to them after he and Janger split.

Burtka has been in a relationship with Neil Patrick Harris since April 2004. In October 2010 they became parents to twins, Harper and Gideon, who were born via a surrogate mother.

Following the passage of the Marriage Equality Act in New York on June 24, 2011, Burtka and Harris announced their engagement, stating that they had proposed to each other five years earlier but had kept the engagement secret until same-sex marriage became legal in their state. They married in Italy in September 2014. As of 2023, the family live in East Hampton, NY.

title: David Burtka


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User talk:DivineLight

Articles for deletion/Atlas Honda CG 125
I've userfied the article as per this AfD. If you want to recreate it after providing sources, please use the "move" function, not copy+paste, in order to preserve the page history. Thanks, Sandstein 08:12, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

Random Smiley Award
 For your contributions to Wikipedia and humanity in general, you are hereby granted the coveted Random Smiley Award originated by Pedia-I (Explanation and Disclaimer) ♠  TomasBat   ( @ )  ( Contribs )  ( Sign! ) 21:36, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of PlaneShift (video game)
An editor has nominated one or more articles which you have created or worked on, for deletion. The nominated article is PlaneShift (video game). We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also Notability and "What Wikipedia is not").

Your opinions on whether the article meets inclusion criteria and what should be done with the article are welcome; please participate in the discussion(s) by adding your comments to Articles for deletion/PlaneShift (video game). Please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ).

You may also edit the article during the discussion to improve it but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate.

Please note: This is an automatic notification by a bot. I have nothing to do with this article or the deletion nomination, and can't do anything about it. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 01:03, 1 April 2010 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Atlas Honda CG 125

A tag has been placed on Atlas Honda CG 125, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G4 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be a repost of material that was previously deleted following a deletion debate,. Under the specified criteria, where an article has substantially identical content to that of an article deleted after debate, and any changes in the content do not address the reasons for which the material was previously deleted, it may be deleted at any time.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, you can place a request here. bobrayner (talk) 23:11, 1 June 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:DivineLight


text:
Talk:Bezique

Untitled
I found the rules impossible to follow until I found out that once played, tricks are discarded face down. Hence, I've added that to the game description.

--Tim Regan

Some questions about rules...
I've fallen in love with this little card game. It has more play and scope for tactics than other similar games. I do have some questions, though:

1. Can the Double Bezique be declared in two stage? In other words, I place my Queen of Spades and Jack of Diamonds on the table, receiving 40 points. Later in the game, I obtain the other Queen of Spades and Jack of Diamonds and add them to the existing ones. Do I receive 500 points for this? It seems disproportionate. Is it more likely that, to receive 500 points, all four cards have to be tabled together.

2. Can a meld be declared based on two existing and previously presented melds? For examples, I have four Jack on the table from a meld. I then present a King and Queen of Spades as a marriage. The next trick I win, can I declare a Bezique from the Jack of Diamonds and the Queen of Spades or does each meld always require at least one card that has not been part of a previous meld?

3. Lastly, is this game still popular in any parts of the world? I had not previously heard of it and there do not seem to be a great abundance of websites about. Did it die out with Winston Churchill?

 * 1. Yes. It isn't really disproportionate: it is quite rare for one player to receive all four Bezique cards, let alone manage to hold onto the first three waiting for the fourth to appear. However, sources differ as to whether you can claim two separate, single Beziques as well as the double. David Parlett in his Dictionary of Card Games says you can't. Hubert Phillips says you can, but be aware that your opponent will attempt to stop you winning any more tricks once you have both pairs on the table!

 * Just a further clarification. Your first bezique needs to still be shown on the table (i.e. if you have already played one of the cards in your first bezique to a trick, then you cannot claim a double bezique).  If you get a second bezique you can either claim a single bezique and then, after winning another trick, claim a double bezique, or you can claim a double bezique straight away, but then cannot claim a second single bezique.  I've had a double bezique once in many, many games.  I claimed my second bezique and then won the very next trick with an Ace of trumps and claimed my double bezique.

Steveflan 11:43, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

 * 2. Yes, a meld can consist entirely of cards already on the table, and a card can be used in more than one meld, provided all the melds are different. In your example, yes, you can claim the Bezique, but if you pick up the second King of Spades you cannot "re-marry" the Queen. You would need the second Queen of Spades for this.

 * 3. I don't know. I don't know anyone who plays it, whom I have not taught!

MarkC77 19:42, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

Rules query
The rules here, and on the BBC website link, state that quartets must contain one card of each suit. However, Hubert Phillips and David Parlett, in their books, allow four cards regardless of suit. I have also read other books in the past that agree about this.

If nobody contradicts me here within a week or two then I'll change the list accordingly. If the "one of each suit" rule turns out to be a variant then I think this should be listed under variants and the main table should say "any four".

MarkC77 18:31, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree with you all my books say 'any 4' ... I will make the change since it has been 7 months since you suggested it Abtract 01:39, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

Simplification and Wikifying
As you will see I have simplified the first section but I haven't touched the "instruction" section although I feel it is not what is needed in an encyclopedia. It is too much like an instruction manual for children. I think it ought to be removed but I won't do it without agreement from others. What do you think. Abtract 22:03, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

I have a general question about the rules. After winning a trick, you can lay down cards for a meld. Let's say I laid down 4 jacks. Do I then pick 5 cards from the talon to bring my hand up to 8 cards? Or do I only pick one, and use the 4 jacks on the table as part of my 8 cards? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Budgie128 (talk • contribs) 16:07, 1 April 2012 (UTC)

Historical Rules
I have a bezique set at home which dates from around the time of Winston Churchill and was made by a company called Cavendish.

According to the rules provided by them, the differences between the rules currently shown in the article are as follows:

Bezique (

Q and J) - this remains the same even if or  are the trump cards.  The change to Q and J if  or  are trumps is a variant on the game.

Four cards of the same rank - these can be any suit. They don't have to be four different suits (although the article correctly gives this as a variant on the game).

Scoring - Tricks that are won and include an Ace or Ten are scored immediately (i.e. 10 points, or 20 points if the trick includes 2 Aces, 2 Tens or an Ace and a Ten). They are also scored in the last eight tricks.

Declaring melds - A player can declare any number of melds he so wishes, but may only score one when he wins a trick (i.e. a player can declare a bezique with Q and J and may also declare a marriage with a K at the same time, but may only score one of the declarations, with the other declaration being scored after the player wins another trick).

Melding rules - Declared cards can be declared into other melds, provided "the subsequent combination is of a different class, or is a superior one of the same class". The classes given are:

i-Bezique and Double Bezique

ii-Marriage and Sequence

iii-Four equal cards

For example, A King once married cannot be married again (same class); but may be used to form either a sequence (superior combination of the same class) or to form four Kings (different class). Similarly a King a Queen declared in a sequence, cannot then be declared as a marriage (inferior combination of the same class).

The game is normally played to 1,000 and the first player to reach 1,000 wins the game (in some cases this may be done by winning a trick with an Ace or a Ten, or even the last trick of the hand).

Steveflan (talk) 12:40, 22 April 2022 (UTC)

 * thanks for your amendments. If the rules now conform to your source, it would be good to cite it at the start of the rules section. Then we can maybe add another section for later rules or rule variations, again citing the source for that. And if you like Bezique, you may enjoy its cousin, Binokel, which is a faster game as there are fewer cards. Binokel packs are attractively German-suited and can be bought online. The rules are very similar for the 2-player game, but there are 3- and 4-player versions too. Cheers. Bermicourt (talk) 14:40, 22 April 2022 (UTC)

Nicholas II of Russia & Alexandra played Bezique
According to her diaries, every single night until the end.

86.171.103.80 (talk) 03:33, 16 March 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bezique


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Human Torch (disambiguation)

Human Torch is Marvel Comics superhero and a member of the Fantastic Four.

Human Torch may also refer to:

Media

 * Human Torch (android), the original Marvel Comics Human Torch, is an android superhero from the Golden Age of Comics, who has appeared in some comics set in the present day, including a brief membership in the Avengers
 * "The Human Torch", episode of The Fall Guy, Season One, 1981

Music

 * "Human Torch", a song by the punk rock band Rocket from the Crypt from The State of Art Is on Fire EP, 1995
 * "Human Torch", a song by Damn Seagulls
 * "Human Torch", a song by Fastball from Make Your Mama Proud, 1998

title: Human Torch (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Human Torch (disambiguation)

Untitled
Due to Wikipedia policy, the most well-known and commonly used name for the character is the title of that article. Shouldnt Johnny Storm have the main Human Torch article, since he is the character most people associate with the Torch? --DrBat 23:28, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Human Torch (disambiguation)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/International Chamber Music Festival of Cervo

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Sjakkalle 11:09, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

International Chamber Music Festival of Cervo
This looks like a non-notable entry. Delete because I can't find anything about it on my own. CoolGuy 08:10, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Looks legit to me. The article helpfully provides a link to the town's website which refers to the festival . Article lacks details, though. Wile E. Heresiarch 13:34, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup, ditto. If the festival is as described, it certainly appears noteworthy.  Someone whose Italian is stronger than mine might want to add some details from the cited source.  -- Smerdis of Tlön 13:55, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Festival appears to be genuine and has been going for 40 years and has attracted well-known performers. Capitalistroadster 00:52, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Forty years of tradition and debuts. --Eleassar777 22:55, 1 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/SYZYX

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 18:56, May 11, 2005 (UTC)

SYZYX
Delete - the company is not notable enough for an encylopedia entry. CoolGuy 08:12, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Advertcrap.  Postdlf 08:13, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — Company is already covered on AJAX page. — RJH 15:30, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to AJAX--nixie 04:08, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/SYZYX


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Back spinning

Back spinning describes the act of manually manipulating a vinyl record (currently playing on a turntable), using enough force to cause the record to spin backward (despite the rotation of the platter beneath it). It is often used in DJing; many DJs use specialty slipmats so that friction will be reduced between the record and the platter. Back spinning is used to "rewind" the sound on a record to a previous point in the audio, to slip cue or cut music mixed live by a DJ, or in beat juggling (see: turntablism).

Usually, the sound of a backspin is a shrill, reversed version of the audio being bypassed. Since the sound easily stands out against other forms of music or ambient noise due to its uniqueness, it is usually muted by creative use of a DJ mixer. However, the sound is sometimes used as a sound effect, especially in its attachment to DJs and surrounding cultures such as hip hop.

title: Back spinning


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Pecker (film)

Pecker is a 1998 American comedy-drama film written and directed by John Waters. Like all of Waters' films, it was filmed and set in Baltimore, this time in the Hampden neighborhood.

The film examines the rise to fame and potential fortune of a budding photographer, played by Edward Furlong. Co-starring Christina Ricci, Lili Taylor, Mary Kay Place, Martha Plimpton, Brendan Sexton III, and Bess Armstrong. The film received mixed reviews from critics, but grossed about $2.3 million in the United States box office and was able to make profit.

Plot
In a Baltimore neighborhood known for having the thickest local accent, unassuming 18-year-old Pecker works in a sandwich shop and takes photos of his loving but peculiar family and friends on the side. Pecker, named for his childhood habit of "pecking" at his food, becomes unexpectedly popular when savvy New York art dealer Rorey Wheeler "discovers" his work. Pecker's pictures, taken with a cheap Canon Canonet 28, are grainy, out-of-focus studies of unglamorous subjects, but they strike a chord with New York art collectors.

Unfortunately, Pecker discovers that instant over-exposure has its downsides. Rorey's efforts to turn Pecker into an art sensation threaten to ruin the low-key lifestyle that inspired him. He abandons his trusty old rangefinder camera for a new, full-featured Nikon N50. Pecker finds that his best friend, Matt, can't shoplift anymore because Pecker's photographs have increased his visibility. Shelley, Pecker's obsessive girlfriend who runs a laundromat, seems especially distressed when the press dub her a "stain goddess", mistaking her good-natured "pin-up" poses for pornographic come-ons.

When an overzealous critic dubs Pecker's family "culturally challenged", they begin to feel the uncomfortable glare of stardom. His mother Joyce can no longer freely dispense fashion tips to the homeless clientele at her thrift shop; his grandmother, Memama, endures public ridicule when her experience with a talking statue of the Virgin Mary is exposed on the cover of a national art magazine, and his older sister Tina is fired from her job emceeing go-go dancing at a gay bar because Pecker's edgy photographs chronicle the sex practices of the club's patrons. Even Little Chrissy, his six-year-old sister, feels the pressure of celebrity when her eating disorder is exposed, bringing unwanted attention from nosy child welfare agencies, and she is mistakenly diagnosed with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and prescribed Ritalin.

Having seen his new-found fame disrupt the lives of his family and friends, Pecker upsets the art world by refusing to participate in a scheduled show at the Whitney Museum of Art. Instead, he forces New York art collectors to come to Baltimore to see his latest photographs, which insultingly portray the same people who disparaged his family, with one photo showing Lynn Wentworth adjusting her breasts in a mirror.

Asked what he plans to do next, Pecker replies that he would like to direct a film.

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 52%, based on 46 reviews, with an average rating of 5.9/10. On Metacritic, it has a score of 66 out of 100, based on 24 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Describing it as "John Waters' first stab at making a mainstream movie," Edvins Beitiks' review in The San Francisco Examiner said it "starts out well and winds up no worse than most of the stuff that comes out of Hollywood". In his review for the Chicago Sun-Times, Roger Ebert noted a "tension between the gentler new Waters and his anarchic past. In the scenes in the male strip bar, for example, we keep waiting for Waters to break loose and shock us, and he never does, except with a few awkward language choices. The miraculous statue of Mary could have provided comic possibilities, but doesn't." Peter Stack of the San Francisco Chronicle wrote that Pecker is "never truly funny, but it's an amusing novelty, gaining strength from smart characterizations and sly cogency about the way people are exploited under the limelight of celebrity."

Soundtrack
The soundtrack was released on September 29, 1998 by New Line Records.

 * 1) "Happy-Go-Lucky Me" – Paul Evans
 * 2) "The Love Chase" – Stewart Copeland
 * 3) "I'm a Nut" – Leroy Pullins
 * 4) "Memama" – Stewart Copeland
 * 5) "Uh! Oh! (Part 1)" – The Nutty Squirrels
 * 6) "Straight Boys" – Vicky Randle and Stewart Copeland
 * 7) "I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter" – Billy Williams
 * 8) "In the Mood" – Henhouse Five Plus Too (Ray Stevens)
 * 9) "Back to Hampden/Sneaky Shelly" – Stewart Copeland
 * 10) "Baltimore, You're Home to Me" – Dave Hardin
 * 11) "Thrift Shop Fashion Shoot" – Stewart Copeland
 * 12) "Don't Drop the Soap (For Anyone Else But Me)" – Stan Ridgway and Stewart Copeland
 * 13) "New York Montage" – Stewart Copeland
 * 14) "Swamp Thing" – The Grid
 * 15) "Woo-Hoo" – The Rock-A-Teens

title: Pecker (film)


text:
Lake Sumner

Lake Sumner, known as Hoka Kura in Māori, is a highland lake situated 100 km northwest of Christchurch in the North Canterbury Region of New Zealand's South Island. Covering an area of 1373 ha and a maximum depth of 135 m, the lake is located in the Lake Sumner Forest Park and on the main stem of the Hurunui River. Several other lakes such as Loch Katrine, Lake Sheppard, Lake Taylor and Lake Mason also lie within the park.

The Lake Sumner region is a popular area for hunting, tramping, trout fishing, whitewater kayaking and mountain biking. Several Department of Conservation tramping huts in the region make it a common destination for overnight trips; however, the area's comparatively remote location and difficult vehicle access mean it is seldom crowded.

Hoka Kura is a cold inland oligotrophic lake formed approximately 18,000 years ago. It fills a trough 9.7 km long by 2.4 km wide, within the glacially-carved Hurunui River Valley. The North Branch of the upper Hurunui River enters the lake via a shingle delta at the northwestern end and drains through a narrow natural channel at the southeastern end of the lake.

title: Lake Sumner


text:
Talk:180-degree rule

Untitled
I'm no film expert, but it seems to me worth mentioning the quite recent development in sport broadcasting, where they frequently break the 180 degree rule, but always with a caption saying something like "reverse angle". I don't recall ever seeing this until maybe a couple of years ago. Tannin 08:15, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * maybe a list of films where the rule is broken would be nice ... I can't think of any film right now though. Also, what if it's a scene where the camera slowly moves around the dialogue actors in a full 360° circle? (clem 20:01, 3 May 2005 (UTC))
 * Perhaps the only relevant distinction is between cuts and pans. I indeed recall an extended pan of perhaps 360o (or more), during an all-hands staff meeting in the HBO series The Newsroom ca. 2012-'14, as vertiginous, without the feeling of almost contradiction that the rule seems intended to avoid. --Jerzy•t 08:13, 17 June 2018 (UTC)

Clarification needed
This statement needs to be qualified or explained better before it can be put back into the article: "(Notice that it is forbidden in fictional film to place the camera on the axis)." NeoThe1 16:38, 9 June 2006 (UTC)
 * It seems to imply that the camera shouldn't be placed where the actor may unintentionally spike the footage, especially in continuity editing, but nothing is forbidden in practice.—Nahum Reduta Presumably 10:47, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

Matrix?
-Maybe mention the largest violation of this rule in mainstream film, when Neo opposes Agent Smith in the subway after a bullet-time sequence. The camera swiches 180 a few times in a row to show both guns are empty. used to great effect, and would add to the article by showing that this rule is not set in stone, and has been used in film. Forcemasteryoda 01:16, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

Car chase
The car chase example doesn't seem to be a 180° problem, but rather that of motion vectors, in that the car leaving the right side of the screen is traveling "rightwards", and should therefore appear from the left side in order to maintain the vector. —Nahum Reduta 10:42, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.religiondispatches.org/archive/mediaculture/1956/mother_%28nature%29_will_eat_you:_lars_von_trier%E2%80%99s_antichrist
 * In 180 degree rule on 2011-05-25 02:01:49, 404 Not Found
 * In 180 degree rule on 2011-06-01 22:30:14, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 22:30, 1 June 2011 (UTC)

Problems caused and solutions
It seems this section is either poorly labeled or filled with content that is not what the section title refers to. First being that "Problems caused" infers that the 180 degree rule causes problems, when the content of the section is about how it solves problems.

Secondly, the first line "The 180 degree rule enables the audience to visually connect with unseen movement happening around and behind the immediate subject and is important in the narration of battle scenes." seems to be a description of a benefit from the rule, and not a problem. If it were to state how changing the camera angle to the opposite side of a fixed situation breaks an audience's ability to visually connect with a scene (by disorienting their connection to who is where, relative to themselves as the audience), then the situation is being described as a problem.

The section then states "Avoiding crossing the line is a problem that those learning filmcraft will need to struggle with." This may still leave a reader in question of how crossing the line is a problem, or why it is a problem.

An idea might by to rename the section (An example: "Problems the rule solves and how it solves them"), and to rephrase some lines to follow more directly what is stated in the section title. Serrinatta (talk) 16:14, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

Car chase
The article mentions a possible solution to a problem with a car chase, but no problem with a car chase appears in the article. Indeed, nothing about a car chase appears anywhere else in the article. Was this text copied from another source? Is it left over from an earlier version of the article? As it stands, it makes no sense. —DavidConrad (talk) 07:46, 11 June 2012 (UTC)

Image faults
The illustration for the rule is an insult to our users, bcz it is carelessly constructed. On English language pages, the vast bulk of users in a position to make use of the diagram will look first to the left of the vertical symmetry axis, and only then look to the right of it in order to elucidate the problems entailed by the camera "crossing" that axis. (It's awkward for me to view the image while editing this talk pg, so i'm at a loss to say whether the portrayal of the crossed-axis layout was ineffective for me bcz of my having started my analysis of it before inspecting the orthodox camera positioning, or perhaps bcz that half's internal layout was also poorly executed; i recommend a thorough review of it, preferably by an experienced graphic designer. The relevant issues may well demand more visual saavy than i possess. --Jerzy•t 07:35, 17 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:180-degree rule


text:
User talk:Mikalwilliams

Nigger (word)
Hi, welcome to Wikipedia. I've reverted your edits to this article. Please see the article's linked Discussion page, since your supposed etymology of the word has been disputed. Also, we don't sign articles, since they belong to everybody. If you think that the inclusion of your supposed etymology should be in the article, please discusss it on the Discussion page, where it has already been hashed out. RickK 08:16, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)

Sth
Rather than creating a new article about somatotropin, why not expand on the existing one at Growth hormone? --bjh21 19:38, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mikalwilliams


text:
Talk:Novell Directory Services

Is LDAP really a competitor of eDirectory? --Schwindp 08:17, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

No - LDAP is an access protocol which says nothing about the underlying database. It's like saying HTTP is a competitor to Apache.

title: Talk:Novell Directory Services


text: User talk:159.121.130.84

title: User talk:159.121.130.84


text:
Talk:Institute of Biology

Phycology-shmycology
As far as I can see in the IoBs list of affiliated societies, it should be the British Phycological Society. The British Psychological Society doesn't seem to have affiliated, but I could be wrong. Anilocra 08:20, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Institute of Biology


text:
Terrance Shaw

Terrance Bernard Shaw (born November 11, 1973) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He was born in Marshall, Texas.

High school years
Shaw attended Marshall High School in Marshall, Texas and was a letterman in football. As a senior, he was a first-team All-District selection, a first-team All-Region selection, and he led his team to a Texas High School Football State Title.

College years
Shaw attended Stephen F. Austin State University and was a Business major and a four-year letterman in football. In football, as a senior, he was a first-team Division I-AA All-American and a first-team All-Southland Conference selection. As a junior, he garnered 67 tackles and was an All-Conference Honorable Mention selection. As a sophomore, he started the first five games, before tearing the anterior cruciate ligament in his right knee.

Shaw is a member of Phi Beta Sigma fraternity. He became a member while his time at Stephen F. Austin State University.

Professional career
Shaw was selected in the second round of the 1995 NFL Draft by the San Diego Chargers. During his career, he played as a cornerback for the San Diego Chargers, Miami Dolphins, Minnesota Vikings, New England Patriots, and Oakland Raiders in the United States National Football League (NFL). On February 3, 2002, in the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana before a packed house of almost 73,000, Shaw helped the Patriots beat the St. Louis Rams in Super Bowl XXXVI in 2001. Shaw also played in Super Bowl XXXVII with the Oakland Raiders in 2002. In 2000, Shaw was a part of the Miami Dolphins secondary and was ranked #1 in the NFL and that secondary led the league with 25 picks. Shaw had six playoff appearances in a ten-year career.

Personal life
He is married to Shawneeque Watkins Shaw, and they have nine children - a daughter Ashley and sons Terrance Jr., Teris, Thomas, Trysten, Tierney, Trinity, Tylend, and daughter Timberlynd.

He coaches his son's youth league select football team, the SGP Rams.

title: Terrance Shaw


text:
Royal Park, Melbourne

Royal Park is the largest of Melbourne's inner city parks (181 ha). It is located 4 km north of the Melbourne CBD, in Victoria, Australia, in the suburb of Parkville.

Many sporting facilities are provided including the North Park Tennis Club, Royal Park Golf Course, football and soccer ovals, baseball and cricket pitches, State Netball & Hockey Centre, and cycling and walking paths. On the corner of Gatehouse Street and Royal Parade there is a native garden. There are wide vistas of grassland and lightly timbered areas with eucalypts, casuarina, and acacias. The Melbourne City Council administers the park and instituted in 1984 a park management plan. A wetlands area was developed in 2005.

The grassy hill between the Royal Children's Hospital and the Native Garden is ideal for kite flying during the day. Over the summer months, members of the Astronomical Society of Victoria set up telescopes and conduct evening talks and tours of the night sky from this vantage point.

Wildlife
The park is home to many native animals such as possums, and a rich variety of birdlife which includes: Pacific black duck, chestnut teal, white-faced heron, brown goshawk, collared sparrowhawk, Horsfield's bronze cuckoo, Australian hobby, galah, red-rumped parrot, eastern rosella, superb fairy-wren, white-plumed honeyeater, spotted pardalote, white-browed scrubwren, grey fantail and red-browed finch.

The park is home to a regionally significant population of White's skink (Egernia whitii) and a section of habitat is maintained specifically for this species.

History
In the early years of European settlement Wurundjeri campfires were sometimes seen in the vicinity of Royal Park, although the Yarra people generally preferred camping beside the Yarra River or Merri Creek.

Governor Charles La Trobe set aside in 1850 a reservation of 10.36 km2 for parkland and open space. In 1852, parts of this were sold to become part of the new suburbs of Carlton and North Melbourne. Also that year, some of the land become the Melbourne General Cemetery. 1853 saw part of the reserve become the home of the University of Melbourne.

In May 1854, a reserve of 6.25 km2 was ‘reserved for public uses within the Colony of Victoria’, named "Royal Park". In April 1858, 142 acres of the Park's north-western corner became an experimental farm. This site later become an orphanage, a homeless refuge, a nursing home, a geriatric rehabilitation facility, and finally a general rehabilitation hospital. It also became the home of CSL in 1919, a year after it was founded.

The reserve was further reduced to 2.83 km2 when the rapid increase of population from the Victorian gold rush, led to creation of the suburb of Parkville. A housing estate commenced sales in 1861 at what is now "Parkville South". In 1868 further excisions from Royal Park were made for housing estates at "Parkville North" along Royal Parade and "Parkville West" near Flemington Road. Parkville South was expanded in 1875. In 1861 Melbourne Zoo was allocated 0.2 km2. Further excisions followed for roads, Upfield railway line (1884), Melbourne Zoo horse tramline (1890), Royal Park psychiatric facility (1907), West Coburg electric tramline (1925), University High School (1929), Camp Pell (1942), Royal Melbourne Hospital (1944), Royal Children's Hospital (1957, and returned to parkland in 2013), Royal Dental Hospital (1963), Melbourne Sports Centre – Parkville (2001), and a relocated Royal Children's Hospital (2007).

In 1860 the Burke and Wills expedition set out from Royal Park to cross Australia from south to north. They perished on the return journey. A cairn now marks the departure point of their expedition in Royal Park.

The park was used for military encampments during World War One and Two, with Camp Pell being used by United States forces during the Second World War. After the war, the permanent buildings of Camp Pell were used for emergency housing accommodation until 1960. As of 2005, the one existing building from Camp Pell is used as an 'Urban Camp' to provide accommodation for rural school children and other groups when visiting Melbourne.

The Royal Park Master Plan Design Competition
Following many years of agitation by resident groups and various failed planning attempts, the Melbourne City Council held a design competition in 1984, judged by representatives of the Australian Institute of Landscape Architects, Royal Australian Institute of Parks and Recreation, Melbourne University's School of Environmental Planning, and the Melbourne City Council.

The winning entry by landscape architects Brian Stafford and Ronald Jones expressed a philosophy that the character of the Park was inherent in its form – 'a place where the earth swells, the dome of the sky soars overhead and the horizon beckons'. A sense of the landscape at the time of Europeans’ first encounter with it was to be evoked by planting indigenous species and enhancing the park's spacious quality, principally through a process of 'editing' rather than adding new features. The aim was 'to provide a park for persons rather than machinery, for individual public activity rather than restricted private institutions, and for psychological recreation as well as physical activity'.

The plan proposed extensive planting of indigenous trees, while the expansive hilltop in the park's south-east was to be cleared and planted with native grasses. A network of walking and cycle paths was proposed, along with works to reduce the impact of traffic and parking, including closing through roads, rebuilding a large section of Macarthur Road as a tunnel, and reorganising car parks.

The plan was greeted with consternation. Sporting groups were concerned with a potential loss of facilities; the Zoo administration wanted more parking rather than any attempt at control; there was concern for maintenance of motor routes; and The Age highlighted the intent to 'rip out' exotic trees. Council adopted the Master Plan – in principle and subject to various qualifications – after three years of debate.

The first works to implement the plan were completed in the early 1990s. Two new ovals were graded near Flemington Road to allow removal of the sports grounds, changing room and car park perched on the hilltop in the park's south-east, which now has uncluttered views of Melbourne's skyline. A new pond was formed, featuring rockwork by the landscape designer Gordon Ford.

A new layout for access and parking around the Zoo was finally agreed upon after a decade of negotiation between the Council and Zoo. Reorganization of the car parks, closure of various roads, development of forecourts to the zoo's main entry and extensive new plantings were completed in 1997.

A formal review of the Master Plan commenced in 1996. This included extensive public consultation that identified overwhelming support for the principles established by the winning entry in the 1984 Royal Park Master Plan Design Competition. The Master Plan as reviewed endorsed the objectives of the 1984 document and introduced proposals such as a major wetland water recycling project west of the railway line. It was approved by Council in November 1997.

Commonwealth Games Village
In 2003 the Labor Government of Steve Bracks selected the 0.2 km2 former Royal Park Psychiatric Hospital site, bordering on Moonee Ponds Creek and in the neighbourhood of Royal Park (but not in the park), for the athletes village for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. After the games, the site developers, Australand and Citta Property Group, sold the housing. Opponents of the village criticised the building of the village citing the destruction of more than 1000 trees, demolition of 4 of the hospital buildings pending a heritage listing, and denigration of the heritage value of the remaining buildings, a lost opportunity to return a development back to public parkland, and privatisation of public lands.

Sporting groups criticised security arrangements for the athletes' village with large sections of the park and sporting grounds having security fencing erected for the exclusive use of athletes. This disrupted many community sporting associations from their regular use of sporting facilities.

Royal Children's Hospital extension
In 2005 the Bracks Labor Government selected an adjacent site in Royal Park to build a new Royal Children's Hospital. Sections of the old hospital were demolished and restored to parklands.

While the move attracted some opposition from green groups, it was promoted with the claim that there would be no net loss of parkland at Royal Park. The basis of area calculations used to support this claim is unclear. Relocation of the hospital's helipad onto the roof of the new building has removed this impact from the park, but after completion of construction, it appears that the hospital buildings now occupy a substantially larger area than previously, and parkland has been lost.

Sporting fields and facilities

 * McAlister Oval
 * Ransford Oval (Home of the Royal Park Brunswick Cricket Club)
 * Western Oval
 * Ryder Oval (Home of the Youlden Parkville Cricket Club since the 1940s)
 * Brens Oval (Home of Parkville District Cricket Club)
 * Walker East Oval
 * Walker West Oval
 * Ross Straw Field
 * Poplar Oval
 * Flemington Road Oval

Royal Park is also home to the State Netball & Hockey Centre, which hosts games in the top flight trans-Tasman netball competition and international hockey matches, Royal Park Golf Club - notable for being the place where one of Australian golfing's greatest champions, Peter Thomson, first learnt his craft - as well as several tennis clubs, and large areas of open space for less structured recreational activities.

Commuter Rail
The Upfield railway line travels through Royal Park with Royal Park station being a convenient stop for the Melbourne Zoo.

Trams
A light rail for trams runs through the park, which is served by route 58 to both West Coburg and Toorak.

The route 19 tram runs up Royal Parade, to the east of the park, which operates northbound to North Coburg, and southbound to Flinders Street station.

Two tram routes also run up Flemington Road, to the west of the park. The routes 57 and 59 operate in a northbound direction to West Maribyrnong and Airport West respectively. Both routes operate to Flinders Street station in a southbound direction.

Cyclists and pedestrians
The Capital City Trail for cyclists follows the train line through Royal Park from the Moonee Ponds Creek Trail at Flemington Bridge, past Melbourne Zoo, and under Royal Parade along the converted Inner Circle railway line to Princes Park.

title: Royal Park, Melbourne


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Laconic

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was redirect to Laconia. Sjakkalle 11:06, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Laconic
transwiki wiktionary CoolGuy 08:21, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Why not add the transwiki tag instead? Charles Matthews 08:22, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * What do you mean? (How does that work?)  Let me know CoolGuy 08:25, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * First check if the word is already in wiktionary (this one is ). If it isn't, put a tag on it. Kappa 10:09, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Transwiki. Megan1967 08:35, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Laconia where this word is mentioned. Kappa 10:49, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect as per Kappa. --Angr/comhrá 10:52, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect per Kappa. Samaritan 13:14, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect per Kappa. The word's usage is notable because the Spartans were famous for being laconic.  -- Smerdis of Tlön 13:51, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Laconic


text:
Harry Minto

Harry Percy Minto (October 16, 1864 – September 27, 1915) was the superintendent of the Oregon State Penitentiary in the U.S. state of Oregon from 1914 until his death in 1915. Minto died in the line of duty, killed by an escaped inmate.

Early life
Harry Minto was born in Salem, Oregon, in 1864, the son of Oregon pioneer John Minto. In 1890, Minto was married to Jessie Glenn (1870 Salem, Oregon – 1956 Tampa, Florida). Minto was chief of police for the Salem, Oregon police department from 1891 to 1895 and he served two terms as the Marion County sheriff. He was elected sheriff in 1908, and served through 1913. His older brother, John Wilson Minto, was previously the sheriff as well as chief of police in Portland.

In 1914, Minto was appointed as the superintendent of the Oregon State Penitentiary by governor Oswald West. He replaced Berton K. Lawson, who had been involved in the events at Copperfield, Oregon early that year. As warden, he supervised the infamous serial killer Carl Panzram, in June 1915, when Panzram still was in his early twenties and before his known murderings.

Death
Warden Harry Minto believed in harsh treatment of inmates, including beatings and isolation, among other disciplinary measures. On September 27, 1915, inmate Otto Hooker escaped from a work gang at the prison and Minto was one of many law enforcement personnel who went searching for the escaped prisoner. After Hooker shot and wounded one law enforcement officer, Minto caught up with Hooker near Albany around 11:30 pm. There Minto challenged Hooker, and Hooker shot Minto in the head, killing him instantly. Hooker was mortally wounded the next day during capture. Minto's remains were cremated in Portland, Oregon. Hooker's accomplice, Carl Panzram, was executed in 1930 for killing a prison employee at the United States Penitentiary, Leavenworth.

title: Harry Minto


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fodera Bass

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 13:20, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

Fodera Bass and Fodera
Blatant advertising. RickK 08:21, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete advertising it is. Mgm|(talk) 10:49, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * keep why not just 'fix' the text? i didn't write it, just tried to make it less of a mess. Paster 16:54, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * keep/merge into Fodera. I think Fodera was supposed to be influential in developing the six string electric bass (will need to research). Atsi Otani 08:35, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * There was originally only the Fodera article, but the only thing in it was a subcategory called "Fodera basses" where the text now in "Fodera bass" was in; i just tried to organize things a bit. and i'm planning on adding things to both articles, as soon as i have the time. if i recall correctly there's a story of fodera basses on victor wooten's website. Paster 04:45, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge. Agree with Atsi Otani. Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy)  09:39, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge. Agree with Atsi Otani Johntex 21:56, 4 May 2005 (UTC)
 * While there is probably too much puffery here, Fodera did make the first 6-string electric bass with low B string (for Anthony Jackson) so has a place in the history of the evolution of this instrument.
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
All-pairs testing

In computer science, all-pairs testing or pairwise testing is a combinatorial method of software testing that, for each pair of input parameters to a system (typically, a software algorithm), tests all possible discrete combinations of those parameters. Using carefully chosen test vectors, this can be done much faster than an exhaustive search of all combinations of all parameters by "parallelizing" the tests of parameter pairs.

Rationale
In most cases, a single input parameter or an interaction between two parameters is what causes a program's bugs. Bugs involving interactions between three or more parameters are both progressively less common and also progressively more expensive to find---such testing has as its limit the testing of all possible inputs. Thus, a combinatorial technique for picking test cases like all-pairs testing is a useful cost-benefit compromise that enables a significant reduction in the number of test cases without drastically compromising functional coverage.

More rigorously, if we assume that a test case has $$N$$ parameters given in a set $$\{ P_i\} = \{ P_1, P_2 , ... , P_N \}$$. The range of the parameters are given by $$R(P_i)= R_i$$. Let's assume that $$|R_i|= n_i$$. We note that the number of all possible test cases is a $$\prod n_i$$. Imagining that the code deals with the conditions taking only two parameters at a time, might reduce the number of needed test cases.

To demonstrate, suppose there are X,Y,Z parameters. We can use a predicate of the form $$P(X,Y,Z) $$ of order 3, which takes all 3 as input, or rather three different order 2 predicates of the form $$ p(u,v) $$. $$P(X,Y,Z)$$ can be written in an equivalent form of $$p_{xy}(X,Y), p_{yz}(Y,Z) , p_{zx}(Z,X)$$ where comma denotes any combination. If the code is written as conditions taking "pairs" of parameters, then the set of choices of ranges $$X = \{ n_i \}$$ can be a multiset, because there can be multiple parameters having same number of choices.

$$max(S)$$ is one of the maximum of the multiset $$S$$ The number of pair-wise test cases on this test function would be:- $$ T = max(X) \times max ( X \setminus max(X) ) $$

Therefore, if the $$ n = max(X) $$ and $$ m = max ( X \setminus max(X) ) $$ then the number of tests is typically O(nm), where n and m are the number of possibilities for each of the two parameters  with the most choices, and it can be quite a lot less than the exhaustive $$\prod n_i$$·

N-wise testing
N-wise testing can be considered the generalized form of pair-wise testing.

The idea is to apply sorting to the set $$X = \{ n_i \}$$ so that $$P = \{ P_i \}$$ gets ordered too. Let the sorted set be a $$N$$ tuple :-

$$ P_s = < P_i  > \;  ; \; i < j \implies |R(P_i)| < |R(P_j)| $$

Now we can take the set $$X(2) = \{ P_{N-1}, P_{N-2} \}$$ and call it the pairwise testing. Generalizing further we can take the set $$X(3) = \{ P_{N-1}, P_{N-2} , P_{N-3} \}$$ and call it the 3-wise testing. Eventually, we can say $$X(T) = \{ P_{N-1}, P_{N-2} , ... , P_{N-T} \}$$  T-wise testing.

The N-wise testing then would just be, all possible combinations from the above formula.

Example
Consider the parameters shown in the table below.

'Enabled', 'Choice Type' and 'Category' have a choice range of 2, 3 and 4, respectively. An exhaustive test would involve 24 tests (2 x 3 x 4). Multiplying the two largest values (3 and 4) indicates that a pair-wise tests would involve 12 tests. The pairwise test cases, generated by Microsoft's "pict" tool, are shown below.

title: All-pairs testing


text:
World Psychiatric Association

The World Psychiatric Association is an international umbrella organisation of psychiatric societies.

Objectives and goals
Originally created to produce world psychiatric congresses, it has evolved to hold regional meetings, to promote professional education and to set ethical, scientific and treatment standards for psychiatry.

History
Jean Delay was the first president of the Association for the Organization of World Congresses of Psychiatry when it was started in 1950. Donald Ewen Cameron became president of the World Psychiatric Association at its formal founding in 1961.

In February 1983, the Soviet All-Union Society of Neurologists and Psychiatrists resigned from the World Psychiatric Association. This resignation occurred as a preemptive action amid a movement to expel the Soviet body from the global organization due to political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union. The Soviet body was conditionally readmitted into the World Psychiatric Association in 1989, following some improvements in human rights conditions, and an intensive debate among the association's delegates, in which the acting secretary of the Soviet delegation issued a statement conceding that "previous political conditions in the U.S.S.R. created an environment in which psychiatric abuse occurred, including for nonmedical reasons."

Danuta Wasserman is president, and Thomas G. Schulze is president-elect.

Structure
the institutional members of the World Psychiatric Association are 145 national psychiatric societies in 121 countries representing more than 250,000 psychiatrists worldwide. The societies are clustered into 18 zones and four regions: the Americas, Europe, Africa & Middle East, and Asia & Australasia. Representatives of the societies constitute the World Psychiatric Association General Assembly, the governing body of the organization. The association also has individual members and there are provisions for affiliation of other associations (e.g., those dealing with a particular topic in psychiatry). There are 66 scientific sections.

Publications
The official publication of the association is World Psychiatry. World Psychiatry and the association's official books are published by Wiley-Blackwell. WPA also self-publishes a quarterly newsletter on its website.

Several WPA scientific sections have their own official journals and newsletters:
 * Journals
 * Activitas Nervosa Superior (Psychiatric Electrophysiology Section)
 * Archives of Women's Mental Health (Women's Mental Health Section)
 * History of Psychiatry (History of Psychiatry Section)
 * Idee in Psichiatria (Ecology, Psychiatry and Mental Health Section)
 * International Journal of Mental Health (Psychiatric Rehabilitation Section)
 * Journal of Affective Disorders (Affective Disorders Section)
 * Journal of Intellectual Disability Research (Psychiatry of Intellectual Disability Section)
 * Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics (Mental Health Economics Section)
 * Personality and Mental Health (Personality Disorders Section)
 * Psychiatry in General Practice (Rural Mental Health Section)
 * Psychopathology (Classification, Diagnostic Assessment and Nomenclature Section; Clinical Psychopathology Section)
 * Revista de Psicotrauma (Disaster Psychiatry Section)
 * Revue Francophone du Stress et du Trauma (Disaster Psychiatry Section)
 * Transcultural Psychiatry (Transcultural Psychiatry Section)

 * Newsletters
 * Art & Psychiatry Section (Section of the Psychopathology of Expression)
 * Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
 * Early Career Psychiatrists
 * Psyche and Spirit (Section on Religion, Spirituality and Psychiatry)
 * Psychological Consequences of Torture and Persecutions Section
 * Psychotherapy Section
 * World Healer (Transcultural Psychiatry Section)
 * WPA eReview (WPA Quarterly eNewsletter)

Activities
The association has helped establish a code of professional ethics for psychiatrists. The association has also looked into charges regarding China's treatment of the Falun Gong.

title: World Psychiatric Association


text:
Soribada

Soribada (소리바다) was the first Korean peer-to-peer file-sharing service, launched in 2000 by Sean Yang. The name 'Soribada' means "Ocean of Sound" or "Receiving (downloading) Sound". It was closed in 2002 by court order but continued to be distributed with a stipulation that its users were responsible for any of the files downloaded. On November 5, 2003, Soribada was relaunched as and in July 2004, the website was renewed as a P2P search portal with a paid MP3 service in December 2004.

It remains the most widely used P2P system in Korea. The most recent version of Soribada is Soribada 6, which is downloadable on their website.

In 2017, the site held their first Soribada Best K-Music Awards, after 17 years since the site's launch.

Charges of 2002
Soribada was indicted on copyright infringement charges for the first time. The case was filed by the Korean Association of Phonographic Producers (KAPP), presently the Recording Industry Association of Korea (RIAK).

Soribada 2.0
Soribada 2.0 allowed users to swap files without having to establish a link to a centralized server. This mechanism was put in place in order to minimize the risk of legal prosecution. However, KAPP's reply to this solution was that every Soribada 2.0-user was sued instead of the developers. Yang Jung-hwan responded to KAPP's approach by saying, “In a situation where voluminous e-mail services handling over 100MB are being sustained, netizens will find other ways to share music files even with Soribada out of the market.”

Paid service
From December 2004 to June 2005, Soribada sold nearly 5 million songs through its servers. Searches returned both tracks for sale and free downloads, with the first ones appearing higher on search results.

Service stopped: September 2005
Upon being sued again, this time by 30 record labels (led by YBM Seoul Records (now Kakao Entertainment) and JYP Entertainment ) and some musicians, Soribada stopped its service in 2005. Yang Jung-hwan and his brother Il-hwan, the creators of Soribada, faced criminal charges in January 2005. A complete shutdown of Soribada has been ordered by the Seoul High Court in October 2007 after it overturned a lower court decision in favor of the former. The High Court's basis for the reversal was the substantial evidences and findings submitted by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (MCT) (now the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (MCST)) which suggested that the site has encouraged users to commit copyright violations.

Soribada 5 and 6
Soribada Inc. settled with record labels and copyright owners in early 2008, and it turned into a commercial music download service in July that same year. Soribada 5.0, current Soribada 6.0, is the third P2P service in the world that has become commercialised without. Other such services include Monkey3 of Korea (owned by iHQ) and iMesh of the United States. Customers who pay the monthly fee of 7,000 won are able to download MP3 files without Digital Rights Management (DRM). Like iTunes and other popular online music stores, Soribada utilises audio fingerprint technology to identify the purchaser. Soribada claims that it covers around 90% tracks that have been released in Korea. On January, 2008, Soribada was the second largest music service provider in Korea with more than 700,000 paying subscribers.

Currently, the official website of Soribada is "kpop.Soribada.com".

Investment from China
In February 2016, the Yang brothers (Junghwan and Ilhwan) sold their shares in Soribada to Shanghai-based investment, trade and e-commerce company ISPC International Limited. ISPC is founded and owned by the Shanghai Municipal Government. With this development, Yang Junghwan resigned from being Soribada's CEO.

The Yang brothers came back as minority investors in April 2016.

title: Soribada


text:
Pairwise testing

Pairwise testing may refer to:
 * All-pairs testing
 * Pairwise comparison

title: Pairwise testing