text:
Talk:Audi A8

"Luxury Amenities"
This bit just sounds like a marketing puff piece - surely ripe for removal?

1st and 2nd generation
This page should be divided into generations. There have been two generations of the A8, and we need to differentiate between them. What models were offered when? Look at BMW 7-Series for a good example of what I mean. Jagvar Apr 6, 2005

W12 was VR6s?
My understanding is that the W12 was created by mating two of Audi's 3.0 litre VR6s togethor, not be mating the VR6 which is a different engine offered in 2.8 (former) and 3.2 (current) litre displacements. The 3.0 litre was used in the B6 generation A4 and is not a narrow angle VR series engine. This also makes sense mathmatically as 3.0+3.0 = 6.0 whereas 2.8 + 2.8 = 5.6 and 3.2 + 3.2 = 6.4, and the W12 is a 6.0 litre engine.

 * No, the W12 is the result of mating two VR6-like designs together. It has the same size bore as a 3.2L VR6 but the same stroke as the 2.8L.  It is unrelated to the Audi V6s. TomTheHand 13:14, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

Heated rear seats
I justed test drove a 1998 A8. It had heated rear seats, but the article implies that the option wasnt introduced until 2000.

Audi ASF concept
I've been trawling through WP and have found no mention of this car at all - it was a concept shown at Frankfurt (though that's not 100%) and had a chrome finish.
 * On a short side note: The ASF was shown at the IAA back then. I was there and still have (not very good) pictures. And the finish was polished aluminium, not chrome. HTH --212.23.103.72 (talk) 05:11, 29 February 2012 (UTC)

Question is - as I presume it was a preview for the first A8, would it be more appropriate to include a small section in this article about it rather than start a new ASF article? I assume it would. Abarthaddict 12:09, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

Pictures
Any pictures of the A8 interior? It's cabin is one of the best in class. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Cantor575 (talk • contribs) 23:34, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

True 😳 Sbuda mabugado (talk) 11:29, 6 February 2020 (UTC)

Hyundai Genesis vs Audi A8
In January 2008, Hyundai has launched TV commercial of their new sedan, Genesis.

It's a movie of head to head collision test of Audi A8 and Genesis.

In commercial narration says "To beat the best German sedan".

And they try to show that Genesis is safer than Audi.

http://www.tagstory.com/video/video_post.aspx?media_id=V000142419

This is that commercial. How do you think about this? Deepthroat81 (talk) 14:47, 9 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Totally useless, as they don´t show results and specs. 212.23.103.68 (talk) 11:51, 14 November 2012 (UTC)

Article size
The article is not too long with S8 data, also the S8 is just one model version of this car and they should be on the same page -- >Typ932 T·C 06:20, 17 May 2012 (UTC)

S8 merge to Audi A8
So, give your opinion about the merge support or /no support with possible comment.
 * Support :The S8 is just one variant of A8, no need for own article, neither is the article too long -- >Typ932 T·C 17:23, 24 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Support :For the reasons stated by Typ932. They are too related to have separate articles. 72Dino (talk) 17:31, 24 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose :BMW M cars have their own separate page too, plus the S8 article doesn't contain much overlap with the A8. Plus no body has actually tried to make the merge work in practice yet.MonkeyKingBar (talk) 17:43, 24 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment: if one page is made wrongly we dont need to follow it, if the BMW pages needs to be merged go on and suggest merging them. -- >Typ932 T·C 20:08, 24 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Strongly disagree, the precedent set by having separate BMW M articles works well. Imagine how bloated the regular A8 article would be if we merged S8 into it.MonkeyKingBar (talk) 20:25, 24 May 2012 (UTC)
 * How the BMW M articles are handled is irrelevant per Other stuff exists. The size of the article is a good topic of discussion, though.  I believe the current S8 article has a lot of trivial information that can be removed, and thus the merger of the articles would not have an undue impact on the A8 article.  72Dino (talk) 20:31, 24 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment: One different engine wont make it "bloated", if we would make own articles of every brands power models, we would need to break hundreds of articles. In this case the only worry is the article size, but I have calculated its still within decent size -- >Typ932 T·C 07:09, 25 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Support : These two models are directly related. Moreover, we should help reduce the amount of BS (Boastful Superlatives) in Wikipedia articles, no matter how much marketing BS the manufacturers, the automobile journalists (who thus earn free cars and trips from the automakers), as well as the particular auto brand enthusiasts (who have an insatiable appetite for this BS) keep promoting trying to make "special" model variants seem unique and notable because they cost more and go faster. CZmarlin (talk) 07:33, 25 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Support: The S8 is an A8 with a bigger engine (and nice it is too - I test drove the V10 in the last version and was very impressed, but still went for the S4 instead). Hardly worthy of its own article, and really would benefit from being part of the A8 article. Also I note that not all BMW M cars have their own page. Warren (talk) 09:14, 25 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Support : just a trim level. OSX (talk • contributions) 13:59, 25 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Support — As per the above reasons as well as every other relevant reason stated in numerous other merge discussions. -- Pineapple Fez 05:59, 26 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Support: It's a trim level, not a separate model. --NaBUru38 (talk) 19:36, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Support: As per above (and after the fact)  Mr.choppers |   ✎  15:05, 2 June 2012 (UTC)

Top Gear Audi A8 economy run
There could be a mention of Top Gears economy drive from London to Edinburgh and back on one tank in a V8 diesel A8. yesilikecars (talk) 12:39, 01 July 2012 (UTC)

Performance Figures
The section of the D2 (first generation) has a table mentioning acceleration figures and top speed. It is unclear what version (quattro or FWD, Automatic or Manual) this is related to. If those figures are included, it might be a good idea to mention the version too. And the diesels are missing too. Maaher (talk) 09:54, 6 September 2012 (UTC)
 * They´re all automatic. A S8 D2 (340HP) with manual gearbox accelerates from 0-100 Km/h in 5,2s, slightly faster than a Porsche 993 Carrera 2. 46.115.155.119 (talk) 04:35, 13 October 2014 (UTC)

Options available in 1997
I have a 1997 A8 Quattro. It has the warm weather package with the solar sunroof. I have the window sticker showing the option. Here are some links. 2006 A8 Pricing also http://www.audiworld.com/model/a8/06/A8%20SE.pdf though the latter contains lies. for example, the ABS for the 2007 A8Q (late 2006 brochure) is not Bosch 5.3, but 5.0. (I have the control module sitting here in front of me, 4D0 907 379 L) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Drinkypoo (talk • contribs) 04:35, 3 March 2014 (UTC)

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Options available in 2019
Isn't the 2019 Audi A8 promised to be self-driving?

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Length.
Howcome the difference in wheelbase of SWB and LWB is 6 mm less than difference in total length (I mean the D4 version). Is there some additional 6 mm added outside the wheelbase? --Yomal Sidoroff-Biarmskii (talk) 15:45, 10 March 2019 (UTC)

A8 D3 engine displacements: how should we display them?
Currently, the A8 D3 section of the article displays the real displacement values (e.g. 3.9L for the 4.0TDI, 4.1 for 4.2TDI, 3.1 for 3.2FSI) but I have seen many other Wikipedia articles about cars that feature the same engines but show the badged/"branded" displacement (i.e. 4.0, 4.2 litres) instead. Even the A8 D4 section of this article puts the 4.1L-displacing 4.2 TDI as a 4.2L engine. So, should it be made consistent with those articles, or not?

I'm of the opinion that we should just show the badged displacements in the infobox and in the body text instead – much easier to grasp/understand for someone learning about the car, less potential for confusion (i.e. "what's a 3.9 TDI!? I've never seen or heard such a thing!"), and then maybe we add explanatory footnotes to the article about actual displacement, as well as maybe an extra column to the "engine variants" table about branded engine size. — AP 499D25  (talk)  05:04, 11 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I disagree. Ford's vaunted "5.0" is still referred to as a 4.9-litre V8, because that is correct. We can definitely add "4.0 TDI" text to minimize confusion since that is what it was marketed as, but math is math.  Mr.choppers |   ✎  14:21, 11 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Audi A8


text:
Talk:Ishy Bilady

VFD
On 31 March 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. The result was keep. See Votes for deletion/Arabic Emirati Tahiat Alalam for a record of the discussion. – ABCD 20:47, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

meaning?
what is the meaning of it: "We have sworn to build and work" ?

ishad.net
I added a link that was posted to nationalanthems.us. But I don't read Arabic. So I can't really figure out what inshad.net really is. Can someone who can read Arabic explain this website? Thanks. Inkan1969 10:03, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Tahiat Alalam
The name Tahiat Alalam (Salute the Flag) for the national anthem is not widely accepted. Google gives 1,890 hits for this title, most of which are mirrors of the Wiki article. Even Arabic websites don't use this particular title — most typically either use the generic "National Anthem of the UAE" (nashid al-watani al-imarati) or the most common name for the national anthem, Ishy Biladi (Long live my country). I'm therefore rv'ing this title as it appears to be WP:OR. AreJay (talk) 17:39, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Make it nice!
I've decided I'm going to work on this article over the next month or so, so anyone who has an interest/ideas/sources, please let me know on my talk page. Cheers! dottydotdot (talk) 21:13, 20 May 2009 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was page moved. —harej (talk) (cool!) 00:47, 1 August 2009 (UTC)

National anthem of the United Arab Emirates → Ishy Bilady — Relisted for further input. Jafeluv (talk) 06:34, 24 July 2009 (UTC)

All national Anthem articles are given there name by the name of the national anthem, and not from the country they repersent. MoHasanie Talk  16:25, 16 July 2009 (UTC) {{subst:RM bottom}

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Ishy Bilady


text:
Ireland at the 1980 Summer Olympics

Ireland competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. 47 competitors, 44 men and 3 women, took part in 38 events in 11 sports. In partial support of the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics, Ireland competed under the Olympic Flag instead of its national flag.

Silver

 * David Wilkins and James Wilkinson — Sailing, Flying Dutchman class

Bronze

 * Hugh Russell — Boxing, Men's Flyweight

Archery
In Ireland's second appearance in archery competition at the Olympics, the nation was represented by two men and one woman. The men included Ireland's only veteran from 1976, James Conroy. It was Hazel Greene, however, who posted the nation's best results.

Women's Individual Competition:
 * Hazel Greene — 2229 points (→ 19th place)

Men's Individual Competition:
 * William Swords — 2212 points (→ 31st place)
 * James Conroy — 2058 points (→ 37th place)

Athletics
Men's 1,500 metres
 * Ray Flynn
 * Heat — 3:42.0 (→ did not advance)

Men's 5,000 metres
 * Eamonn Coghlan
 * Heat — 13:45.4
 * Semi Final — 13:28.8
 * Final — 13:22.8 (→ 4th place)

 * John Treacy
 * Heat — 13:44.8
 * Semi Final — 13:40.3
 * Final — 13:23.7 (→ 7th place)

 * Mick O'Shea
 * Heat — 14:03.0 (→ did not advance)

Men's 10,000 metres
 * John Treacy
 * Heat — did not finish (→ did not advance)

Men's Marathon
 * Dick Hooper
 * Final — 2:23:53 (→ 38th place)

 * Pat Hooper
 * Final — 2:30:28 (→ 42nd place)

 * John Treacy
 * Final — did not start (→ no ranking)

Men's Hammer Throw
 * Seán Egan
 * Qualification — 63.94 m (→ did not advance, 16th place)

Boxing
Men's Light Flyweight (– 48 kg)
 * Gerard Hawkins
 * First Round — Bye
 * Second Round — Lost to Ismail Mustafov (Bulgaria) on points (0-5)

Men's Flyweight (– 51 kg)
 * Hugh Russell → [[Image:Bronze_medal.svg|16x16px]] Bronze Medal
 * First Round — Defeated Samir Khiniab (Iraq) on points (5-0)
 * Second Round — Defeated Emmanuel Mlundwa (Tanzania) on points (5-0)
 * Quarter Finals — Defeated Yo Ryon-Sik (North Korea) on points (3-2)
 * Semi Finals — Lost to Petar Lesov (Bulgaria) on points (0-5)

Men's Bantamweight (– 54 kg)
 * Philip Sutcliffe
 * First Round — Bye
 * Second Round — Lost to Daniel Zaragoza (Mexico) on points (0-5)

Men's Featherweight (– 57 kg)
 * Barry McGuigan
 * First Round — Bye
 * Second Round — Defeated Issack Mabushi (Tanzania) after referee stopped contest in third round
 * Third Round — Lost to Winfred Kabunda (Zambia) on points (1-4)

Men's Lightweight (– 60 kg)
 * Sean Doyle
 * First Round — Defeated Nelson René Trujillo (Venezuela) after referee stopped contest in second round
 * Second Round — Lost to Florian Livadaru (Romania) after referee stopped contest in first round

Men's Light-Welterweight (– 63,5 kg)
 * Martin Brerton
 * First Round — Lost to José Aguilar (Cuba) after referee stopped contest in first round

Cycling
Three cyclists represented Ireland in 1980.

 * Individual road race
 * Billy Kerr
 * Stephen Roche
 * Tony Lally

Modern pentathlon
Three male pentathletes represented Ireland in 1980.

Individual Competition:
 * Jerome Hartigan — 4.557 pts 39th place
 * Sackville Currie — 4.377 42nd place
 * Mark Hartigan — 4.361 pts, 43rd place

Team Competition:
 * Hartigan, Currie, and Hartigan — 13.295pts 12th place

Rowing
Men's Coxless Pairs
 * Pat Gannon — 1st B Final (→ 7th)
 * Willie Ryan — 1st B Final (→ 7th)

Men's Coxed Pairs
 * Denis Rice — 5th B Final (→ 11th)
 * Christy O'Brien — 5th B Final (→ 11th)
 * Liam Williams — 5th B Final (→ 11th)

Men's Coxed Fours
 * Iain Kennedy — 5th B Final (→ 11th)
 * Pat McDonagh — 5th B Final (→ 11th)
 * Ted Ryan — 5th B Final (→ 11th)
 * Davey Gray — 5th B Final (→ 11th)
 * Noel Graham — 5th B Final (→ 11th)

Women's Single Sculls
 * Frances Cryan — 1st B Final (→ 7th)

Sailing

 * David Wilkins and James Wilkinson — Flying Dutchman class

Swimming
Men's 100m Freestyle
 * David Cummins
 * Heats — DNS (→ no ranking)

Men's 200m Freestyle
 * David Cummins
 * Heats — DNS (→ no ranking)

 * Kevin Williamson
 * Heats — 1.57,37 (→ did not advance)

Women's 100 m Breaststroke
 * Catherine Bohan
 * Heats — 1:16.84 (→ did not advance)

Women's 400 m Individual Medley
 * Catherine Bohan
 * Heats — 5:21.82 (→ did not advance)

title: Ireland at the 1980 Summer Olympics


text:
Mercury 6

Mercury 6 or variants may refer to:

 * Mercury 6, a spacecraft of Project Mercury
 * Mercury VI, several versions of the Bristol Mercury aircraft engine

title: Mercury 6


text: Category:Finnish paleontologists

title: Category:Finnish paleontologists


text:
Advocates Library

The Advocates Library, founded in 1682, is the law library of the Faculty of Advocates, in Edinburgh. It served as the national deposit library of Scotland until 1925, at which time through an Act of Parliament the National Library of Scotland was created. All the non-legal collections were transferred to the National Library. Today, it alone of the Scottish libraries still holds the privilege of receiving a copy of every law book entered at Stationers' Hall.

The library forms part of the complex that includes Parliament House, located on the Royal Mile.

History
The Library was formally opened in 1689. It was an initiative of George Mackenzie.

The present library building was designed by William Henry Playfair in 1830, and is a category A listed building.

Librarian Samuel Halkett began an ambitious catalogue, based on the rules of John Winter Jones for the British Museum catalogue of 1839, but with extensive biographical information on authors. It was published in six volumes, from 1858 to 1878. Halkett's successor, Thomas Hill Jamieson, had to deal with a fire that damaged some thousands of books on 9 March 1875.

By 1923 the library held around 725,000 books and pamphlets.

Keepers

 * 1684–1693 James Nasmith (NB in place before official opening.)
 * 1693–1702 James Stevenson
 * 1702–1728 John Spottiswoode of that ilk
 * 1703–1718 (joint keeper) Adam Colt or Coult
 * 1705–1719 (joint keeper) William Forbes
 * 1730–1752 Thomas Ruddiman
 * 1735–1766 (assistant keeper) Walter Goodall
 * 1752–1757 David Hume
 * 1757–1758 Adam Ferguson
 * 1758–1765 William Wallace
 * 1766–1794 Alexander Brown
 * 1794–1818 Alexander Manners
 * 1820–1848 David Irving
 * 1849–1871 Samuel Halkett
 * 1871–1876 Thomas Hill Jamieson
 * 1877–1906 James Toshach Clark
 * 1906–1925 William Kirk Dickson
 * 1925-1928 James Stevenson Leadbetter
 * 1928-1948 Robert Candlish Henderson
 * 1948-1949 Henry Wallace Guthrie
 * 1949-1956 Thomas Pringle McDonald
 * 1956-1970 Margaret Henderson Kidd
 * 1970-1972 Alexander John Mackenzie Stuart
 * 1972-1977 Charles Kemp Davidson
 * 1977-1987 John Taylor Cameron
 * 1987–1994 Brian Gill
 * 1994-2002 Angus Stewart
 * 2002-2004 Edgar Prais
 * 2004-2008 Stephen Woolman
 * 2008-2021 Mungo Bovey QC
 * 2021     Stephen O'Rourke QC
 * 2022- present Neil Mackenzie KC

title: Advocates Library


text:
Talk:Ubol Ratana

article

 * naming of article needs to reflect her status. anything less than that is disrespectful. see Wikipedia´s own rules about naming of royalty Antares911 12:03, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Please consult Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style (Thailand-related articles) 217.140.193.123 16:29, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

misc
Was Bhumi Jensen actually named a Prince of Thailand by Royal decree?

 * No, he remains a commoner throughout his life.

Her royal status (i.e., HRH) has not been restored legally. She remains a commoner after the marriage since. However, her status as being the king's daughter has never changed, i.e. you may call her princess Ubol Ratana but not HRH princess Ubol Ratana) -- this is the same situation as the late princess Diana can keep the princess title but not HRH title.

Something should be done, here. Having three entries for one person is a tad absurd. If "princess Ubol Ratana" the correct name, then let's pack this thing up and move it, no? Harmil 13:09, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * please remember that only registered user's opinion will be taken into consideration. so please register and then write your comments. Antares911 28 June 2005 23:14 (UTC)

It is very bad behavior to erase another's comments from the talk page. I believe Antares, by doing so, has violated against Wikipedia norms. 217.140.193.123 29 June 2005 15:53 (UTC)

Royal consorts and monarchs
trying to get a discussion going on the procedure how to name non-european royalty. click here and let me know what you think, cheers Antares911 00:42, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

royal titles do not belong to article name, if not necessary
My comment to renaming issue: I vote against the title in article name. Titles could be explained in the text of article.

As there apparently is no other famous Ubol Ratana, this does not even need to be Ubol Ratana of Thailand 217.140.193.123 21:42, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)

(I just hope that Antares, an eraser, does not erase this comment. Of course it is usual for totalitarians to want no one else's opinions to be seen.) 217.140.193.123 29 June 2005 15:56 (UTC)

Khun Poom Trust Fund
Apparently, Princess Ubol Ratana has established an educational trust fund in memory, and with money coming from the death of, her son, Khun Poom. My Isan step-grandson has just been awarded 15,000 Baht a year from this fund, and I would like to know more about it than the garbled account I get from my wife and his teachers! Pawyilee 09:37, 22 July 2007 (UTC) Khun Poom Foundation (TH: มูลนิธิคุณพุ่ม)

some smart alex have deliberately removed the names of the 4 daughters of the 2 princess from "THAI ROYAL FAMILY" and change the name of HRH Vajiralongkorn's first wife to princess niece. this is ridiculous. can someone change it back>? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sghan (talk • contribs) 07:35, 15 December 2008 (UTC)

Birth day and colour
Born on a Thursday, Thai solar calendar weekday colour is orange.

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Chulabhorn Walailak which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 11:30, 2 November 2016 (UTC)

Foreign honours
In these photos she weared the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Royal House of Chakri.

She is not a Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic.

--Enredados (talk) 15:33, 15 January 2017 (UTC)

Name
Shouldn't she be named Ubolratana Mahidol? baconbits (talk) 04:02, 16 February 2019 (UTC)

 * While that's probably her legal name, no one uses it. Wikipedia follows usage in reliable sources. --Paul_012 (talk) 08:34, 16 February 2019 (UTC)

Sounds good baconbits (talk) 12:26, 16 February 2019 (UTC)

Relinquishing Title
I think the part relinquishing/losing royal title in the lede should be written ambiguously so it could lend to both situations. Then later in the marriage section, the two competing sources can be laid out. Otherwise, we would be taking the official narrative over a well-researched journalistic work. baconbits (talk) 12:26, 16 February 2019 (UTC)
 * That's a reasonable suggestion. Please go ahead. --Paul_012 (talk) 13:00, 16 February 2019 (UTC)

Sailing
The bit about the Princess and her father sharing the gold medal in OK Dinghy sailing is mysterious. If the King eventually won the race, wouldn't he receive the gold medal and his daughter the silver medal? Perhaps there is something about this kind of race that I do not understand, but if so, probably many other readers do not either. A clarification would be helpful.Bill (talk) 03:34, 25 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ubol Ratana


text:
John Hollinger

John Hollinger (born May 17, 1971) is the former Vice President of Basketball Operations for the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and current Senior NBA columnist at The Athletic. Prior to December 2012, he was an analyst and writer for ESPN, primarily covering the NBA. Hollinger grew up in Mahwah, New Jersey, and is a 1993 graduate of the University of Virginia.

Hollinger developed the website Alleyoop in 1996, initially as a hobby and sounding board for his musings on the game. Touting the site as "The Basketball Page for Thinking Fans", Hollinger followed in the footsteps of noted analysts Dean Oliver and Bob Bellotti in a quest for the ultimate basketball statistic. During Alleyoop's early years, Hollinger experimented with offensive and defensive ratings (points created and allowed per 100 possessions) in much the same way as Oliver, as a means of quantifying a player's overall contribution to his team. While the methods were hardly groundbreaking, Hollinger's writing style and incisive commentary caught the eye of such industry luminaries as the magazine Web and The Wall Street Journal.

Hollinger spent the next three years as the sports editor at OregonLive.com, developing an intimate understanding of the inner workings of the NBA, both as a game and a business. It was during his OregonLive years that Hollinger developed his Player Efficiency Rating (PER), a figure that attempts to combine all of a player's contributions into one number. After his stint in Portland, Hollinger was hired as the basketball editor at SI.com, Sports Illustrated's online sister site. In 2002, Hollinger released the first Pro Basketball Prospectus which was his first work published in print.

Hollinger has authored three more Prospectuses, now called Pro Basketball Forecasts. He left Sports Illustrated to write for ESPN.com in the summer of 2005, and his weekly columns were available through their "insider" subscription service. Additionally, Hollinger wrote for the New York Sun's sports section. Hollinger has appeared every year on the basketball analytics panel, at the annual MIT Sloan Sports Analytics Conference.

Hollinger game score
As an extension of the Player Efficiency Rating, Hollinger also developed a simpler formula that quantifies how impressive a player's individual performance is in a given game. The Hollinger game score formula is:

$$PTS + 0.4 * FG - 0.7 * FGA - 0.4*(FTA - FT) + 0.7 * ORB + 0.3 * DRB + STL + 0.7 * AST + 0.7 * BLK - 0.4 * PF - TOV. Per.$$

The game score was created to give a rough measure of a player's productivity for a single game. The scale is similar to that of points scored, (40 is an outstanding performance, 10 is an average performance, etc.). The entire modern box score of the player is needed for calculation, including offensive and defensive rebounding, steals, blocks and turnovers, so the Hollinger Game Score can only be applied to games played since the 1978 season.

title: John Hollinger


text:
Audi S8

The Audi S8 is a full-size luxury car of the Audi S models produced by the German automaker Audi AG, manufactured by Audi Sport GmbH at the Neckarsulm plant. The S8 is the mechanically-upgraded, high-performance version of the Audi A8, fitted standard with Audi's quattro all-wheel drive system, and was only offered with a short-wheelbase for the first three generations, being joined by a long-wheelbase variant option for the fourth generation.

(D2) First generation
Audi S8 (D2) was produced from 1996 to 2003. The car featured a 4.2 liter V8 with 340 PS. The D2 S8 could accelerate from 0–60 mph in 6.2 seconds. It has a curb weight of 1730 kg. In 1999, the car was updated with a power increase to 369 PS, which brought the 0–60 mph acceleration down to 5.6 seconds. Top speed was electronically limited to 155 mph. It has a curb weight of 1845 kg. An Audi S8 (D2) was chosen as the car of the protagonists of the film Ronin.

(D3) Second generation
Audi S8 (D3) was released from 2006 to 2010. The car was equipped with a modified V10 engine shared with the Lamborghini Gallardo of the same years. It produces 450 PS, detuned by 50 PS from the Gallardo's power output of 500 PS with the purpose of increasing its fuel efficiency. The top speed is electronically limited to 155 mph. Acceleration from 0–60 mph takes 5.1 seconds. It has a curb weight of 1940 kg.

(D4) Third generation
Audi S8 (D4) (2012–2015, facelift 2015–2018) 3,993 V8 TFSI. It produces 520 PS. It accelerates from 0-60 mph in 3.6 seconds, bests the quarter mile in 11.9 seconds at 118 mph and reaches a top speed of 155 mph. Curb weight is 2050-2065 kg.

(D5) Fourth generation
The release of the fourth generation S8 was planned to begin in 2019–2020. For the first time, it was to be offered in both short and long-wheelbase versions, with the long-wheelbase S8 (i.e., an S8L) being the sole variant offered in North America. The S8 is now the flagship of the Audi A8 range, since the nominally higher-end A8 L W12 was no longer offered after the 2018 model year.

The Audi S8 (D5) features 563 hp and 590 lbft of torque as a result of its 4.0-liter twin-turbo V8. A 48-volt mild hybrid system will allow for stop-start use and coasting. Compared to the S8 plus (D4), the S8 (D5) has 34 hp less but 37 lbft more torque.

title: Audi S8


text: Category:Finnish biologists

title: Category:Finnish biologists


text:
Talk:Vicente Amigo

Untitled
Vicente Amigo is one of the best flamenco guitarists ever. When he was only 3 years old he saw Paco de Lucia playing the guitar and since then he has loved it. He was born in little friendly village in Spain called Guadalcanal and later moved to Cordoba. He won many prices and also a Latin Grammy for his album "Ciudad de las ideas"(City of ideas). Furthermore he dedicated that Grammy to Paco de Lucia and also said that it was Paco's "fault" he plays the guitar.Vicente's first album is called "De mi corazon al aire"-good proof of his musical maturity, unbelievable talent and high spirited soul.After this album Amigo was progressing so much that noone knows which of his masterpieces are better. Vivencias Imaginadas Poeta Ciudad de las ideas Canto(with El Pele) And the newest one:EN MOMENTO EN EL SONIDO(one moment in sound)-which contains bulerias,tangos,alegrias,soleas... He is one of a kind.

Yes, he is one of a kind, that's why the statement that he is the best after PDL should be removed. Best by what standard? He is extremely talanted, yes, but calling anyone the best, and second best compromises NPOV. Afterthought: best is limited to coming first in a contest. Take art for the sake of what it stands for.

Vicente Amigo (comment)
I agree with what you said about Vicente Amigo. However, what we need to consider is, to whom we should dedicate our appreciation in changing the way flamenco guitar been played? No one can ever deny that Paco de Lucia was the one who revolutionized flamenco in a way which no one did before. Plus so many young guitarist started following his foot steps and imitating his style.

I personally admire and love Vicente's style and music, and there is no doubt that he is one of the top flamenco guitarists today..no doubt.

Maybe someone should add that he wrote the film music for ALmodovars "Habla con ella" and "L'auberge espagnole"? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.113.221.139 (talk) 04:44, 12 July 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vicente Amigo


text:
Talk:Wirral Railway

I can't quite see how adding Category:Transport in Merseyside counts as vandalism. Is there a genuine reason for objecting to it? Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 20:51, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

"St James"
In the map shown, there is a station called "St James". This should be "James St", the St being Street rather than Saint. There was a station in Liverpool called St James, but this was on the CLC line out of Liverpool Central (High Level), and the remains can be dimly seen now between the current Liverpool Central Station (the old Low Level) and Brunswick Station. Sarandone (talk) 14:54, 13 February 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wirral Railway


text:
Talk:Jorge Cardinal Bergoglio

Copyvio
I got rid of the copy and pasted biography provided by the Vatican and sculpted it into a proper encyclopedia article. --Gerald Farinas 20:51, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

2005 Conclave
The article says that the alleged leaked diary of an unknown Cardinal is what revealed Cardinal Bergoglio as a frontrunner for the 2005 Conclave. But this actually isn't very accurate -- that supposed diary was leaked in September of 2005, but knowledge of Bergoglio's support had been around since shortly after the Conclave. See John Allen's book on the 2005 Conclave -- the book had been written and released months before the diary was supposed to have leaked out, and it talks about Bergoglio's candidacy there. So that diary really didn't reveal anything that hadn't already been known.

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 22:48, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jorge Cardinal Bergoglio


text:
User:Hsriniva

I am a Software Engineer working for a company that pretty much created the internet. I graduated from USC, LA, USA. Wikipedia is a great repository of information and I like to spend a lot of time reading articles. I take interest in Philosophy, religion , history (Indian and 20th century world history),language evolution and patterns, science , internet technology ,music and world culture. I have edited articles on USC, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Bangalore, India and science .I have added the page for RVCE, Bangalore, the school I did my under graduate engineering in.

Some facts about me:

1. I am addicted to wikipedia. 2. I have made 1000s of edits. 3. I started editing in 2004. 4. I live in the bay area, CA.

title: User:Hsriniva


text:
File:Gowanuscanal2.JPG

Picture of Bayside Oil Company with the edge of the scrap metal yard in the distance on the Gowanus Canal. Taken by User:Howrealisreal on April 6, 2005.

title: File:Gowanuscanal2.JPG


text:
Zimbabwe at the 1980 Summer Olympics

Zimbabwe competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union capital, Moscow. The nation, previously known as Rhodesia, had competed at three Games under that name. 42 competitors, 23 men and 19 women, took part in 30 events in 10 sports.

Gold

 * Arlene Boxall, Sarah English, Maureen George, Ann Grant, Susan Huggett, Patricia McKillop, Brenda Phillips, Christine Prinsloo, Sonia Robertson, Anthea Stewart, Helen Volk, Linda Watson, Liz Chase, Sandra Chick, Gillian Cowley and Patricia Davies — Field Hockey, Women's Team Competition

Archery
Zimbabwe was represented by one archer in the Archery at the 1980 Olympics, with him making his only appearance in the Olympics. In the competition David Campbell Milne finished in 34th place outscored four archers.

Men's Individual Competition:
 * David Campbell Milne — 2.146 points (→ 34th place)

Athletics
Zimbabwe was represented by five male athletes in the athletics at the 1980 Olympics, Zephaniah Ncube who at the time was 23 competed in his first Olympics.

Kenias Tembo competed in the 10,000 meters in what would be his only Olympics. In his heat, he would finish in 10th place which didn't get him through to the final as the top 4 got through to the final automatically with the next best three getting in.

Zimbabwe entered three in the marathon, with two of them finishing. The youngest of the three, Tapfumaneyi Jonga who would compete at the shorter events in the next Olympics finished the highest as he finished in 51st place with the gap to first place being over thirty-five minutes. Six minutes behind was Abel Nkhoma who was the last runner to finish in the marathon.

 * Men
 * Track & road events

Cycling
Three cyclists represented Zimbabwe in 1980.

 * Individual road race
 * David Gillow
 * Michael McBeath

 * Sprint
 * John Musa

 * 1000m time trial
 * John Musa

Diving
Men's Springboard
 * David Parrington
 * Preliminary Round — 416.67 points (→ 24th place, did not advance)

Men's Platform
 * David Parrington
 * Preliminary Round — 356.76 points (→ 22nd place, did not advance)

Hockey
After the boycott the committee sent out invitations for other nations to join the women's competition. Zimbabwe agreed to the invitation and in their only appearance in the Olympic hockey to date, they would take out the gold medal as they shocked the whole world in taking it out. Sport historian Cathy Harris called this result a "fairytale" as the nation wouldn't get another medal until the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Women's Team Competition

 * Team roster
 * Sarah English
 * Maureen George
 * Ann Grant
 * Susan Huggett
 * Patricia McKillop
 * Brenda Phillips
 * Christine Prinsloo
 * Sonia Robertson
 * Anthea Stewart
 * Helen Volk
 * Linda Watson
 * Liz Chase
 * Sandra Chick
 * Gillian Cowley
 * Patricia Davies

Swimming
Men's 100m Freestyle
 * Guy Goosen
 * Heats — 52.87 (→ did not advance)

Men's 200m Freestyle
 * Guy Goosen
 * Heats — 1:56.88 (→ did not advance)

Men's 100m Butterfly
 * Guy Goosen
 * Heats — 56.15 (→ advance to semi)
 * Semi Final — 56.35 (→ 5th place did not advance)

Women's 100m Freestyle
 * Lynne Tasker
 * Heats — 1:03.36 (→ did not advance)

Women's 100m Breaststroke
 * Lynne Tasker
 * Heats — 1:18.81 (→ did not advance)

Women's 200m Breaststroke
 * Lynne Tasker
 * Heats — 2:48.86 (→ did not advance)

title: Zimbabwe at the 1980 Summer Olympics


text:
Sturmian word

In mathematics, a Sturmian word (Sturmian sequence or billiard sequence ), named after Jacques Charles François Sturm, is a certain kind of infinitely long sequence of characters. Such a sequence can be generated by considering a game of English billiards on a square table. The struck ball will successively hit the vertical and horizontal edges labelled 0 and 1 generating a sequence of letters. This sequence is a Sturmian word.

Definition
Sturmian sequences can be defined strictly in terms of their combinatoric properties or geometrically as cutting sequences for lines of irrational slope or codings for irrational rotations. They are traditionally taken to be infinite sequences on the alphabet of the two symbols 0 and 1.

Sequences of low complexity
For an infinite sequence of symbols w, let σ(n) be the complexity function of w; i.e., σ(n) = the number of distinct contiguous subwords (factors) in w of length n. Then w is Sturmian if σ(n) = n + 1 for all n.

Balanced sequences
A set X of binary strings is called balanced if the Hamming weight of elements of X takes at most two distinct values. That is, for any $$s\in X$$ |s|1 = k or |s|1 = k' where |s|1 is the number of 1s in s.

Let w be an infinite sequence of 0s and 1s and let $$\mathcal L_n(w)$$ denote the set of all length-n subwords of w. The sequence w is Sturmian if $$\mathcal L_n(w)$$ is balanced for all n and w is not eventually periodic.

Cutting sequence of irrational
Let w be an infinite sequence of 0s and 1s. The sequence w is Sturmian if for some $$x\in[0,1)$$ and some irrational $$\theta\in(0,\infty)$$, w is realized as the cutting sequence of the line $$f(t)=\theta t+x$$.

Difference of Beatty sequences
Let w = (wn) be an infinite sequence of 0s and 1s. The sequence w is Sturmian if it is the difference of non-homogeneous Beatty sequences, that is, for some $$x\in[0,1)$$ and some irrational $$\theta\in(0,1)$$
 * $$w_n = \lfloor n\theta + x\rfloor - \lfloor (n-1)\theta + x \rfloor $$

for all $$n$$ or
 * $$w_n = \lceil n\theta + x\rceil - \lceil (n-1)\theta + x \rceil $$

for all $$n$$.

Coding of irrational rotation
For $$\theta\in [0,1)$$, define $$T_\theta:[0,1)\to[0,1)$$ by $$t\mapsto t+\theta\bmod 1$$. For $$x\in[0,1)$$ define the θ-coding of x to be the sequence (xn) where
 * $$x_n= \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if } T_\theta^n(x)\in [0,\theta), \\ 0 & \text{else}. \end{cases}$$

Let w be an infinite sequence of 0s and 1s. The sequence w is Sturmian if for some $$x\in[0,1)$$ and some irrational $$\theta\in(0,\infty)$$, w is the θ-coding of x.

Example
A famous example of a (standard) Sturmian word is the Fibonacci word; its slope is $$1/\phi$$, where $$\phi$$ is the golden ratio.

Balanced aperiodic sequences
A set S of finite binary words is balanced if for each n the subset Sn of words of length n has the property that the Hamming weight of the words in Sn takes at most two distinct values. A balanced sequence is one for which the set of factors is balanced. A balanced sequence has at most n+1 distinct factors of length n. An aperiodic sequence is one which does not consist of a finite sequence followed by a finite cycle. An aperiodic sequence has at least n + 1 distinct factors of length n. A sequence is Sturmian if and only if it is balanced and aperiodic.

Slope and intercept
A sequence $$(a_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$$ over {0,1} is a Sturmian word if and only if there exist two real numbers, the slope $$\alpha$$ and the intercept $$\rho$$, with $$\alpha$$ irrational, such that

 * $$a_n=\lfloor\alpha(n+1)+\rho\rfloor -\lfloor\alpha n+\rho\rfloor-\lfloor\alpha\rfloor$$

for all $$n$$. Thus a Sturmian word provides a discretization of the straight line with slope $$\alpha$$ and intercept ρ. Without loss of generality, we can always assume $$0<\alpha<1$$, because for any integer k we have

 * $$\lfloor(\alpha + k)(n + 1) + \rho\rfloor - \lfloor(\alpha+k)n + \rho\rfloor - \lfloor\alpha + k\rfloor = a_n.$$

All the Sturmian words corresponding to the same slope $$\alpha$$ have the same set of factors; the word $$c_\alpha$$ corresponding to the intercept $$\rho=0$$ is the standard word or characteristic word of slope $$\alpha$$. Hence, if $$0<\alpha<1$$, the characteristic word $$c_\alpha$$ is the first difference of the Beatty sequence corresponding to the irrational number $$\alpha$$.

The standard word $$c_\alpha$$ is also the limit of a sequence of words $$(s_n)_{n \ge 0}$$ defined recursively as follows:

Let $$[0; d_1+1, d_2, \ldots, d_n, \ldots]$$ be the continued fraction expansion of $$\alpha$$, and define where the product between words is just their concatenation. Every word in the sequence $$(s_n)_{n>0}$$ is a prefix of the next ones, so that the sequence itself converges to an infinite word, which is $$c_\alpha$$.
 * $$s_0=1$$
 * $$s_1=0$$
 * $$s_{n+1}=s_n^{d_n}s_{n-1}\text{ for }n>0$$

The infinite sequence of words $$(s_n)_{n \ge 0}$$ defined by the above recursion is called the standard sequence for the standard word $$c_\alpha$$, and the infinite sequence d = (d1, d2, d3, ...) of nonnegative integers,  with d1 ≥ 0 and dn > 0 (n ≥ 2), is called its directive sequence.

A Sturmian word w over {0,1} is characteristic if and only if both 0w and 1w are Sturmian.

Frequencies
If s is an infinite sequence word and w is a finite word, let μN(w) denote the number of occurrences of w as a factor in the prefix of s of length N + |w| − 1. If μN(w) has a limit as N→∞, we call this the frequency of w, denoted by μ(w).

For a Sturmian word s, every finite factor has a frequency. The three-gap theorem implies that the factors of fixed length n have at most three distinct frequencies, and if there are three values then one is the sum of the other two.

Non-binary words
For words over an alphabet of size k greater than 2, we define a Sturmian word to be one with complexity function n + k − 1. They can be described in terms of cutting sequences for k-dimensional space. An alternative definition is as words of minimal complexity subject to not being ultimately periodic.

Associated real numbers
A real number for which the digits with respect to some fixed base form a Sturmian word is a transcendental number.

Sturmian endomorphisms
An endomorphism of the free monoid B∗ on a 2-letter alphabet B is Sturmian if it maps every Sturmian word to a Sturmian word and locally Sturmian if it maps some Sturmian word to a Sturmian word. The Sturmian endomorphisms form a submonoid of the monoid of endomorphisms of B∗.

Define endomorphisms φ and ψ of B∗, where B = {0,1}, by φ(0) = 01, φ(1) = 0 and ψ(0) = 10, ψ(1) = 0. Then I, φ and ψ are Sturmian, and the Sturmian endomorphisms of B∗ are precisely those endomorphisms in the submonoid of the endomorphism monoid generated by {I,φ,ψ}.

A morphism is Sturmian if and only if the image of the word 10010010100101 is a balanced sequence; that is, for each n, the Hamming weights of the subwords of length n take at most two distinct values.

History
Although the study of Sturmian words dates back to Johann III Bernoulli (1772), it was Gustav A. Hedlund and Marston Morse in 1940 who coined the term Sturmian to refer to such sequences,  in honor of the mathematician Jacques Charles François Sturm due to the relation with the Sturm comparison theorem.

title: Sturmian word


text:
Talk:Milton S. Eisenhower

Degrees
what degrees did he earn? --Oldman 20:53, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * numerous honoris causa, but the baccalaureate from k state was his only earned degree.Toyokuni3 (talk) 22:29, 9 September 2009 (UTC)
 * industrial journalism, 1924, also was a part-time adjunct. Benwetmore (talk) 14:02, 15 July 2023 (UTC)

Major University
What constitutes a major university? Johns Hopkins (academically, yes), However, Kansas State?? Major university? --24.189.35.249 19:39, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

Does anyone have a picture?
--V. Joe 04:10, 15 May 2006 (UTC)
 * There is a good chance that the Dwight D. Eisenhower Library might have some available under Public Domain. Poke around a bit and see what comes up. GChriss 04:55, 15 May 2006 (UTC)
 * See this Library of Congress scan. Note that other photos by the same photographer are shown as "restricted", but this one says "no known restrictions". 121a0012 (talk) 18:42, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

Milton Hilton?
i am a '72 homewood alum, and i never heard it referred to as anything other than 'the libes'.Toyokuni3 (talk) 22:29, 9 September 2009 (UTC)

Agreed. Class of 2007 and a devoted C-level fan (circa 2003-2005). No one I knew called it Milton Hilton. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.245.175.136 (talk) 05:33, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Additional bio source
Broadcasting for June 29, 1942, has an extended bio of Eisenhower, pp. 35–36.

title: Talk:Milton S. Eisenhower


text:
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title: User:Dedalus/monobook.js


text:
ZbMATH Open

zbMATH Open, formerly Zentralblatt MATH, is a major reviewing service providing reviews and abstracts for articles in pure and applied mathematics, produced by the Berlin office of FIZ Karlsruhe – Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure GmbH. Editors are the European Mathematical Society, FIZ Karlsruhe, and the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences. zbMATH is distributed by Springer Science+Business Media. It uses the Mathematics Subject Classification codes for organising reviews by topic.

History
Mathematicians Richard Courant, Otto Neugebauer, and Harald Bohr, together with the publisher Ferdinand Springer, took the initiative for a new mathematical reviewing journal. Harald Bohr worked in Copenhagen. Courant and Neugebauer were professors at the University of Göttingen. At that time, Göttingen was considered one of the central places for mathematical research, having appointed mathematicians like David Hilbert, Hermann Minkowski, Carl Runge, and Felix Klein, the great organiser of mathematics and physics in Göttingen. His dream of a building for an independent mathematical institute with a spacious and rich reference library was realised four years after his death. The credit for this achievement is particularly due to Richard Courant, who convinced the Rockefeller Foundation to donate a large amount of money for the construction.

The service was founded in 1931, by Otto Neugebauer as Zentralblatt für Mathematik und ihre Grenzgebiete. It contained the bibliographical data of all recently published mathematical articles and book, together with peer reviews done by mathematicians over the world. In the preface to the first volume, the intentions of Zentralblatt are formulated as follows:

"Zentralblatt für Mathematik und ihre Grenzgebiete aims to publish—in an efficient and reliable manner—reviews of the entire world literature in mathematics and related areas in issues initially appearing monthly. As the name suggests, the main focus of the journal is mathematics. However, those areas that are closely related to mathematics will be treated as seriously as the so-called pure mathematics."

Zentralblatt and the Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik had in essence the same agenda, but Zentralblatt published several issues per year. An issue was published as soon as sufficiently many reviews were available, in a frequency of three or four weeks.

In the late 1930s, it began rejecting some Jewish reviewers and a number of reviewers in England and United States resigned in protest. Some of them helped start Mathematical Reviews, a competing publication.

The electronic form was provided under the name INKA-MATH (acronym for Information System Karlsruhe-Database on Mathematics) since at least 1980. The name was later shortened to Zentralblatt MATH.

In addition to the print issue, the services were offered online under the name zbMATH since 1996. Since 2004 older issues were incorporated back to 1826.

The printed issue was discontinued in 2013. Since January 2021, the access to the database is now open under the name zbMATH Open.

Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik
The Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik (Yearbook on the Progress of Mathematics) was internationally the first comprehensive journal of abstracts in the history of mathematics. It contains information about almost all of the most important publications in mathematics and their areas of application from the period 1868 to 1942. The Jahrbuch was written in 1868 by the mathematicians Carl Ohrtmann (1839–1885) and Felix Müller (1843–1928). It appeared annually with a few exceptions and initially contained 880 references per year (1868) and up to 7000 references in the later phase (around 1930). Some of the mathematical abstracts were written by famous mathematicians such as Felix Klein, Sophus Lie, Richard Courant, or Emmy Noether. During WW II publication of the Jahrbuch was stopped. The Jahrbuch's founding concept was characterized by its documentary completeness. The Jahrbuch only appeared when all papers in a year had been completely processed. This was later paid for with a great loss of relevance. In addition, there was since 1931 the Zentralblatt MATH, which surpassed the Jahrbuch in terms of speed of publication.

Services
The Zentralblatt MATH abstracting service provides reviews (brief accounts of contents) of current articles, conference papers, books and other publications in mathematics, its applications, and related areas. The reviews are predominantly in English, with occasional entries in German and French. Reviewers are volunteers invited by the editors based on their published work or a recommendation by an existing reviewer.

Zentralblatt MATH is provided both over the Web and in printed form. The service reviews more than 2,300 journals and serials worldwide, as well as books and conference proceedings. Zentralblatt MATH is now edited by the European Mathematical Society, FIZ Karlsruhe, and the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences.

The database also incorporates the 200,000 entries of the earlier similar publication Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik from 1868 to 1942, added in 2003.

As of January 2021, the complete database is accessible for free. Previously, only the first three records in a search were available without a subscription.

title: ZbMATH Open


text: Category:Swiss paleontologists

title: Category:Swiss paleontologists


text:
Talk:SGA

Is this really the biggest use of SGA?

title: Talk:SGA


text:
Talk:Praying Indians

I created this page, it's my fault. It should be the singular as I have referenced it in the singular from the page on King Philip. It would be nice if searching for "Praying Indians" yielded the singular and vice versa.

I put the Christ back in Jesus Christ, but left it out of the internal link.--Bryanjrod 18:04, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

OK, I added the singular "Praying Indian" so now this plural entry can be removed.--Bryanjrod 21:23, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Praying Indians


text:
South East Busway

The South East Busway is a grade separated bus-only road running south from the Brisbane central business district to Eight Mile Plains in Queensland, Australia. The busway was completed to Woolloongabba in September 2000 and to Eight Mile Plains in April 2001. An extension of the busway to School Road at Rochedale was completed in 2014 with no additional busway stations. The maximum capacity of the busway is 18,000 commuters an hour during peak periods. The busway carries an estimated 70 million passengers annually.

The busway allows services to branch off along any part to service nearby suburbs. This has been described as the Quickway model of bus rapid transit.

History
Busways were considered as one of the options when the Queensland Government developed the 25 year Integrated Regional Transport Plan. Other methods such as light and heavy rail were also considered. It was recommended that a 75 km network of busway corridors to complement the existing Queensland Rail City network would suit best.

Busways would allow buses to serve low-density communities and bypass peak hour congestion. Busway stations could be developed at key nodes to serve major activity centres, and combining different routes would create high frequency services.

In 1995, plans for a network of five busway corridors were conceived, linking with the rail network to improve public transport connectivity across the city. The busways would improve the operation of the bus fleet, reducing maintenance and running costs and maximising the effectiveness of the region's investment in buses.

In August 1996, the Queensland Government approved the South East Transit Project to manage the construction of both the northern section of the Pacific Motorway between Mount Gravatt and Logan City and a dedicated 2-lane, 2-way road for buses between the Brisbane CBD and Eight Mile Plains.

The first section of busway between the existing Queen Street bus station and Woolloongabba was opened to services on 13 September 2000 to coincide with the start of the 2000 Olympic football tournament, for which some matches were held in Brisbane. It initially opened for outbound services only, with inbound services commencing on 23 October 2000. The second 13.2 km section of busway between Woolloongabba and Eight Mile Plains opened on 30 April 2001.

Extension to Springwood
The extension of the South East Busway from Eight Mile Plains Busway Station to Rochedale Busway Station was proposed in July 2006 as part of the Queensland Government's Pacific Motorway Transit Project. As part of the project, plans were made to extend the South East Busway as far as Springwood bus station, including construction of the proposed Rochedale busway station. The preferred alignment for the busway extension corridor was determined in 2007 and a Concept Design Study was undertaken by the Queensland Government in 2009.

Construction of the Eight Mile Plains to Rochedale extension to the Busway commenced in late 2012 and was completed in March 2014. The extension had an estimated cost of $36 million. The extension was funded by the Queensland Government ($36m) and formed part of the Federal Government's Gateway Upgrade South (GUS) project. The busway extension passes under the Gateway Motorway and terminates at School Road, Rochedale. Whilst the busway alignment plan published in 2010 anticipated a Busway Station at Rochedale, no new busway stations were added by this extension. The proposed location of the Rochedale busway station is further south than the end of the current extension works

As part of the upgrade of the Pacific Motorway between Eight Mile Plains and Daisy Hill commenced in 2020, the Busway will be extended to Springwood, with a new Rochedale busway station to be constructed. The Pacific Highway upgrade and the Busway extension is expected to be completed in 2024.

Route
The busway commences at Queen Street bus station beneath the Brisbane central business district, crossing the Brisbane River via Victoria Bridge to the Cultural Centre busway station, then paralleling the rail lines to South Bank railway station before passing beneath under Stanley Street. It then runs parallel to the Pacific Motorway to Eight Mile Plains.

Services
Transport for Brisbane and Clarks Logan City Bus Service operate services along the full length of the busway while Mt Gravatt Bus Service and Transdev Queensland operate services between Griffith University and Eight Mile Plains.

Passenger information
Real Time Passenger Information is displayed at each station, with fixed LED signs suspended above each platform. These signs present four lines of real-time estimated bus departure times, with data provided by Brisbane City Council's RAPID system.

title: South East Busway


text:
Costa Rica at the 1980 Summer Olympics

Costa Rica competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. The Costa Rican contingent comprised 29 competitors in five sports. Maria del Milagro Paris, a swimmer, was the only woman among Costa Rican competitors.

Archery
In its second archery competition at the Olympics, Costa Rica again entered two men.

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Juan Wedel — 2146 points (→ 35th place)
 * Jorge Murillo — 2127 points (→ 36th place)

Preliminary round (group D)
July 21, 1980 Costa Rica - Iraq 0-3 (0-1) Republican Stadium, Kyiv

July 23, 1980 Yugoslavia - Costa Rica 3-2 (2-1) Dinamo Stadium, Minsk

July 25, 1980 Finland - Costa Rica 3-0 (1-0) Republican Stadium, Kyiv

Final standings group D

 * 1) Yugoslavia 3 2 1 0 ( 6- 3) 5 *
 * 2) Iraq 3 1 2 0 ( 4- 1) 4 *
 * 3) Finland 3 1 1 1 ( 3- 2) 3
 * 4) Costa Rica 3 0 0 3 ( 2- 9) 0

 * Qualified for quarter-finals

Team roster
Head coach: 🇪🇸 Antonio Moyano

Judo
* Ronny Sanabria * Alvaro Sanabria * Manuel Chavez

Swimming
Women's 100m Butterfly
 * Maria del Milagro Paris
 * Final — 1.02,89 (→ 7th place)

title: Costa Rica at the 1980 Summer Olympics


text:
Alexei Kasatonov

Alexei Viktorovich Kasatonov (Алексей Викторович Касатонов; born 14 October 1959) is a Russian former ice hockey defenceman, who was a long-time member of the Soviet Union national ice hockey team. He was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 2009.

Career
On the international stage, Kasatonov won two Olympic gold medals, in 1984 and 1988, and silver in 1980. He won an additional five gold medals at the World Championships in 1981, 1982, 1983, 1986 and 1989.

On the club level, Kasatonov played for SKA Leningrad, CSKA Moscow, New Jersey Devils, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, St. Louis Blues, and Boston Bruins. He was Anaheim's lone representative in the 1994 National Hockey League All-Star Game. Following a shoulder injury in an American Hockey League (AHL) game for the Providence Bruins in 1996, Kasatonov retired from the NHL and returned to play one last season for his former club CSKA Moscow. The severity of the injury led Kasatonov to end his playing career, and he returned to New Jersey to settle down with his wife and son.

In 1998, Kasatonov was the general manager of the Russian Olympic Team that captured the silver medal in Nagano. After the Olympics he began training his son, and soon began coaching youth hockey in the Tri-State area, running his own weekly clinics in Staten Island for seven years. In 2003, Kasatonov founded the Admirals Hockey Club, which at its peak had five teams ranging from Squirts to Juniors. In 2004, Kasatonov accepted the head coaching position at Columbia University.

In 2008, Kasatonov returned to Russia for a head coaching position at PHC Krylya Sovetov. In 2010, Kasatonov was the vice president of CSKA Moscow. In 2011–12, Kasatonov became the vice president and general manager of SKA Saint Petersburg of the Kontinental Hockey League, the first club that he played for in the Soviet Union.

Honours and awards

 * IIHF Hall of Fame (inducted 2009)
 * Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 4th class
 * Order of Honour
 * Order of the Red Banner of Labour
 * Order of the Badge of Honour
 * Medal "For Distinguished Labour"
 * NHL All-Star game (1994)

title: Alexei Kasatonov


text:
ADFS

ADFS may refer to:

 * Active Directory Federation Services in Microsoft Windows server operating systems
 * Advanced Disc Filing System, a file system implemented in Acorn and RISC OS computers
 * Advanced Distributed File System, a defunct IBM file system project
 * Apple DOS File System, a file system for Apple II microcomputers

title: ADFS


text:
Talk:Capacitation

Untitled
Does someone with experience in this area know whether the mouse is considered a valid model for the human cell biology and biochemistry of gamete maturation and subsequent fertilization? Courtland 20:57, 2005 Apr 6 (UTC)

biological event
"glycosidasic enzymes such as heparin." is nonsense. Glycosidases? Glycans such as heparin? Needs attention from expert. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.81.144.51 (talk) 17:56, 1 July 2012 (UTC)

what is it? what are the changes?--M siterman 19:45, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

This is a very poor definition and needs revising. An explanation of the biochemical events that occur would be useful.

'Final step'
The final step in sperm maturation is sperm activation, not sperm capacitation. Without activation there is no acrosome reaction Snellios (talk) 13:16, 21 April 2008 (UTC)
 * fixed and referenced Snellios (talk) 13:10, 10 May 2008 (UTC)

Heparin is indeed not an enzyme, but rather a proteoglycan. In the body there is little production of heparin, but much more of the relative of heparin, heparan sulfate, which would be the correct term. I guess penultimate means the second last step. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.254.131.5 (talk) 19:37, 15 January 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Capacitation


text:
Malta at the 1980 Summer Olympics

Malta competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. Eight competitors, seven men and one woman, took part in five events in three sports.

Archery
In its first archery competition at the Olympics, Malta entered one man and one woman. They finished last and second-to-last in their divisions, respectively.

Women's:
 * Joanna Agius - 2119 points (28th place)

Men's:

Cycling
Four cyclists represented Malta in 1980.

 * Individual road race
 * Joseph Farrugia
 * Carmel Muscat
 * Alfred Tonna
 * Albert Micallef

 * Team time trial
 * Joseph Farrugia
 * Albert Micallef
 * Carmel Muscat
 * Alfred Tonna

title: Malta at the 1980 Summer Olympics


text: Category:Czech paleontologists

title: Category:Czech paleontologists


text: User talk:80.58.4.46

title: User talk:80.58.4.46


text: Category:Austrian paleontologists

title: Category:Austrian paleontologists


text:
John Macarthur (wool pioneer)

John Macarthur (1767 – 11 April 1834) was a British Army officer, entrepreneur, landowner and politician who was a highly influential figure in the establishment of the colony of New South Wales. He was also a pioneer of the Australian Merino wool industry, and was instrumental in agitating for, and organising, a rebellion against Governor William Bligh in what is now termed as the Rum Rebellion in January 1808.

Early life
John Macarthur was born at Stoke Damerel near Plymouth, England in 1767. His exact date of birth is unknown, but his baptism was registered on 3 September 1767. He was the second son of Alexander Macarthur, who had fled Scotland to the West Indies after the Jacobite rising of 1745 before returning to Plymouth to work as a linen draper and mercer.

In 1782, John Macarthur was commissioned as an ensign in Fish's Corps, a regiment of the British Army formed to serve in the American War of Independence. The war ended before the regiment was ready to sail and was disbanded in 1783. On half-pay, Macarthur went to live on a farm near Holsworthy in Devon, where he became interested in 'rural occupations' and contemplated a career in law. Instead, in April 1788, Macarthur returned to full-pay army duties, securing a commission as an ensign in the 68th Regiment of Foot, stationed at Gibraltar. In that same year, he married Elizabeth Veale of Bridgerule near Holsworthy.

New South Wales Corps
In June 1789, Macarthur secured a lieutenancy with the New South Wales (NSW) Corps, a regiment formed to serve at the recently established convict outpost of Sydney. According to his wife, he had the "expectation of reaping the most material advantages" of being attached to an army regiment in the new colony. It has also been argued that he was driven by a desire to escape the financial and social embarrassment of being the son of a tailor.

The Second Fleet, duel with Captain Gilbert
John and Elizabeth Macarthur, with their infant son Edward, were subsequently enlisted to sail to Sydney with the NSW Corps and 1,006 convicts as part of the Second Fleet on board the Neptune. The Second Fleet became known as the 'Death Fleet' due to its organisation being managed by ex-slavers, resulting in 26% of the convicts dying during the voyage.

Before the Neptune had even departed the British Isles, Macarthur's 'passionate temper' that came to define much of his future career, saw him become involved in a heated disputation with the vessel's commander Captain Thomas Gilbert. An issue with the size of his cabin caused Macarthur to publicly denounce Gilbert as a great scoundrel and the two fought a duel with pistols on the Plymouth docks in which neither were injured. Macarthur's fellow NSW Corps officer on the ship was the brother of Evan Nepean, the Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department, and in a move that also became typical of Macarthur, he was aided by this political association to have Captain Gilbert replaced as master of the Neptune before the fleet's departure.

Despite the removal of Captain Gilbert, the cramped and squalid accommodation provided for his wife and infant son on board the Neptune provoked further disputes, with Macarthur successfully requesting half-way through the voyage that he and his family be transferred to another vessel of the fleet.

Arrival in Sydney, dispute with Governor Phillip
Macarthur arrived in Sydney in June 1790 where he lived with his family and was placed in charge of 60 soldiers. He became an important part of the trading cartel that the NSW Corps under Major Francis Grose established over produce that entered the port colony, in particular the monopoly of the liquor trade. When Governor Arthur Phillip ordered the return of a cask of spirits which Macarthur had taken from the government stores, Macarthur outright refused. Governor Phillip then threatened him with immediate arrest to which Macarthur demanded an explanation before later returning the cask. Macarthur refused to associate with Governor Phillip after this incident.

Increase in wealth and influence as part of the 'Rum Corps'
Governor Phillip left for England in late 1792, leaving the colony under the charge of the commander of the NSW Corps, Francis Grose. Under Grose, the officers of this regiment, including Macarthur strengthened their monopolistic control not only of the trade of spirits and food, but also of convict labour. The NSW Corps became known as the 'Rum Corps' due to their very profitable extortion of trade, especially spirits.

Macarthur seems to have been a favoured racketeer of Grose who in February 1793 granted him 100 acre of the best land in the colony at Rose Hill near Parramatta together with 40 convicts to labour on it. He was granted a further 100 acre of adjoining land in April 1794. He named the property Elizabeth Farm in honour of his wife. Grose also gave Macarthur a valuable pregnant cow and the command of the outposts at Parramatta and Toongabbie. Grose also appointed him as paymaster for the regiment and as Inspector of Public Works, giving Macarthur almost complete control of the finances and administration of both the military and civil sections of the colony.

Grose was replaced as Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales in 1794 by another 'Rum Corps' officer in Captain William Paterson. Under Paterson, Macarthur's influence increased further by being promoted to the rank of army captain. The tender for the supply of the soldiers' clothes in the colony was also given to his brother in Plymouth who ran the family's tailoring business. By 1795, Macarthur held some of the highest paying government positions in the colony, made profits of up to 500% on the extortion of trade and held 500 acres of land which produced goods that he sold to the government and other settlers at inflated prices, making him an extra £400 each year.

Power struggle with Governor Hunter
In 1795, Governor John Hunter arrived to take command of the colony from the interim military oligarchy of the 'Rum Corps' officers. Hunter began a process of reform by attempting to separate the military and civil functions, resulting in Macarthur being forced to resign from his position of Inspector of Public Works. Macarthur detested this loss of power and spearheaded a subversive campaign to discredit Hunter by writing letters to the British government claiming that the widespread drunkenness in Sydney was due to him despite it being widely regarded now as being due to the corrupt practices of the 'Rum Corps' officers.

Macarthur and the 'Rum Corps' retained control of the courts under Hunter and were also able to employ violent techniques of intimidation over people who wanted reform. When the chief-surgeon William Balmain called for an investigation into the violent assault of a civilian by Macarthur's soldiers, Macarthur humiliated him while the officers of the 'Rum Corps' threatened Balmain's life. Due to the legal system being under control of the 'Rum Corps', the assault and intimidation was not inquired into. Balmain viewed Macarthur as a 'base rascal and an atrocious liar and villain' over this incident.

Because of the machinations of Macarthur and the subsequent failure to reform the colony, Hunter was recalled as Governor in 1800 to England where he fought to restore his reputation from the allegations presented by Macarthur.

Acquisition of the first Merino sheep
During this period, Macarthur also pioneered the establishment of Merino wool production in the colony. In 1797, Captain Henry Waterhouse of HMS Reliance arrived in Sydney from the Cape Colony with eight Merino sheep purchased from the stock of the recently deposed Dutch governor. These were the first sheep of this breed to be introduced into New South Wales and of them, four ewes and two rams were 'favoured' to Macarthur who was a friend of Waterhouse. In order to advance the breeding of these sheep Macarthur later purchased a large parcel of land at Toongabbie from fellow 'Rum Corps' officer Joseph Foveaux.

Shooting of superior officer, arrest and removal from the colony
Governor Philip Gidley King replaced Hunter in September 1800 and was soon also to encounter Macarthur's scorn. In July 1801, King overturned a sentence of imprisonment against navy lieutenant James Marshall, who had been convicted of assaulting Macarthur by a court stacked with 'Rum Corps' officers. Macarthur saw this as an insult, and tried to organise the 'Rum Corps' officers to boycott Governor King. However, when his superior, Colonel Paterson, refused to co-operate, Macarthur used personal material to try to blackmail him. This resulted in Paterson challenging Macarthur to a duel in which Macarthur gave Paterson a severe wound by shooting him in the shoulder.

Governor King had Macarthur placed under house arrest, and realising that Macarthur would not be successfully tried in the colony's 'Rum Corps' dominated courts, decided to send him to England to face a court martial there. King also prepared an extensive volume of notes outlining Macarthur's history of transgressions in New South Wales to be sent to England with Macarthur to aid in convicting him. In this were documents showing how Macarthur had amassed a fortune of £20,000 through extortion and monopolisation. Despite this report being heavily guarded during the voyage to England it was found missing when the ship docked in London. It has been argued that Macarthur, 'or some close associate', was responsible for its disappearance.

Promoting a colonial wool industry
Macarthur sailed on the Hunter, departing Sydney in November 1801. The vessel was waylaid in Amboyna where Macarthur became good friends with Robert Farquhar, the island's head administrator for the East India Company. Farquhar was the son of Sir Walter Farquhar, who was the personal physician of the Prince of Wales and Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger. Macarthur was later able to use these elite connections of this friendship with Farquhar to gain favour at the highest levels in England. When Macarthur eventually reached England in December 1802, the legal authorities advised that his court martial should have been conducted in Sydney and the case was quietly dropped.

While in London, Macarthur lobbied extensively for support of his wool production interests back in New South Wales. Macarthur had samples of the pure Merino wool from his flock, and submitted them to a Committee of Manufacturers who reported that it was equal to any high quality Spanish Wool. Macarthur, encouraged by these findings, quit his position in the army and petitioned the government for permission to occupy 10,000 acres of 'unoccupied land' in New South Wales to raise Merino sheep for the large scale production of colonial British wool.

The Colonial Secretary, Lord Camden, in particular was highly supportive and backed Macarthur for a grant of 10,000 acres of his choosing, 5,000 acres to be given initially and another 5,000 to be offered later. Macarthur was also able to purchase nine Merino rams and a ewe from the highly-prized Royal Flock at Kew. Sir Joseph Banks, however, was not impressed with either Macarthur or his commercial venture. When Macarthur failed to conceal his low opinion of Banks, Banks became a strong opponent of the plan and intervened to stop Macarthur from exporting the sheep. Macarthur, however, was able to call upon Lord Camden and his other personal contacts in the colonial administration to allow him to proceed.

Indicative of the success he had found in London in regard to his wool-growing interests, Macarthur purchased a ship he named Argo to which he had a large Golden Fleece figurehead attached. Macarthur sailed from London aboard the Argo with his newly acquired pure Merino sheep, his nephew Hannibal Macarthur and a cousin of Robert Farquhar in Walter Davidson, who would assist Macarthur in forwarding his colonial ambitions.

Return to New South Wales
Macarthur arrived back in Sydney in June 1805 after an absence of nearly four years to claim the large land grants promised to him by Camden and to establish his Merino wool industry. Governor King attempted to defer Macarthur's requests writing that "one-half the colony already belongs to him, and it will not be long before he gets the other half".

Macarthur antagonised King by claiming his 5,000 acres in the Cowpastures. This was prime grazing land, well supplied by water from the Nepean River, and reserved by the Governor exclusively for the colony's cattle herds. King wanted the grant moved, but the Colonial Office wrote back affirming Macarthur's right to the land. Macarthur obtained the Cowpastures grant and named it Camden Park, in honour of his patron.

Commodore William Bligh, who became Governor of New South Wales in 1806, was firmly opposed to Macarthur's venture and turned down his request for the remaining 5,000 acres of his grant. Bligh was also determined to reform the monopoly of trade and corrupt governance that the 'Rum Corps' still held.

Instigator of the Rum Rebellion
Governor Bligh began to crack down on the illicit activities of the 'Rum Corps', especially their trafficking in rum. He confiscated alcohol distillation equipment from Macarthur who, although no longer part of the military, still had immense influence amongst the 'Rum Corps'. Macarthur was able to have the seizure of his equipment overturned in the colony's military courts, a decision which angered and frustrated Bligh.

When one of Macarthur's trading vessels, the Parramatta, was impounded, Macarthur refused to comply with paying a fine and Bligh ordered his arrest. Macarthur resisted and wrote a letter outlining his 'scorn and contempt' for the authorities. Bligh then promptly had him arrested for sedition.

Macarthur was released on bail and a trial was set for 25 January 1808. The court again was stacked with six officers of the 'Rum Corps' who forced the sitting judge to be removed as they did not think he would find in favour of Macarthur. Bligh demanded that the judge be returned, but the officers refused and instead released Macarthur. He was re-arrested the following day but again the officers refused to allow the trial to proceed. Bligh notified the officers, which included Anthony Fenn Kemp and William Lawson, that their actions were treasonous and ordered them to present themselves the following day to the Governor's House.

The six officers ignored Bligh's order and instead released Macarthur again, who in collusion with the commander of the 'Rum Corps', Major George Johnston, produced a document calling for the arrest of Governor Bligh. On the evening of 26 January, Macarthur, Johnston and the other officers marched the mostly drunken soldiers out of their barracks and to the Governor's House to arrest Bligh. Bligh was then taken prisoner in a military coup which is now known as the Rum Rebellion.

Leader of the junta government
Bligh's arrest resulted in a military junta administration being established over the colony. The 'Rum Corps' appointed Johnston as Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales, while Macarthur was installed in the newly created position of Colonial Secretary which controlled all the government appointments and decisions. Macarthur used this power to remove and imprison magistrates who were not loyal to him, and to grant substantial land-holdings to co-conspirators of the rebellion. For instance, William Gore, who was the provost-marshal and loyal to Bligh, was jailed on trumped-up charges of perjury and sentenced to seven years imprisonment at the convict colony of Newcastle. Likewise, George Suttor a prominent farmer who dared to complain about the corruption of the Macarthur/Johnston government, was jailed for several months.

Johnston was replaced as Lieutenant-Governor in April 1808 by his senior officer Joseph Foveaux who had been at Norfolk Island during the rebellion. The 'Rum Corps' were becoming increasingly concerned about being collectively charged for mutiny and Macarthur's influence started to wane. When Colonel William Paterson (who Macarthur had previously shot in the shoulder) took charge in early 1809, Macarthur thought it best to travel to England to defend himself there against any possible charges of treason.

Macarthur in England
Macarthur journeyed with Johnston to England where they faced trial on charges of mutiny. He utilised his personal friendship with high-ranking aristocrats such as Lord Camden and the Duke of Northumberland to gain protection from prosecution. It was found that Macarthur could not be tried at a court martial because he was no longer a member of the military and was thereby acquitted. Johnston was found guilty of mutiny but his only punishment was his removal from the army.

Macarthur, however, could not return to New South Wales because the new Governor there, Lachlan Macquarie still had orders to prosecute him. Macquarie took command in 1810 with a policy of reforming the cronyism and corruption of the colony and had his own regiment of soldiers replace the 'Rum Corps'. Macarthur therefore thought it safer to stay in England where he remained until 1817.

Macarthur placed his wife Elizabeth Macarthur and his nephew Hannibal Macarthur in charge of his farming interests in New South Wales and when wool prices soared, he was able to instruct them from London to focus on increasing the quality and quantity of their Merino wool exports to England. In spite of this, Macarthur's other mercantile interests in sandalwood, whaling, seal hunting and general trade were faring badly and had left him in considerable debt.

He became increasingly focused on returning to New South Wales to develop his profitable Merino wool business and to establish olive and viticulture industries in the colony. In 1816 he used his political contacts to influence the Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, Lord Bathurst to revoke Macquarie's orders to arrest him and to allow him to return to New South Wales. Macarthur left England with his sons, arriving in Sydney in September 1817.

The Bigge enquiry
On his return to New South Wales, Macarthur found that the "absurd" democratic reforms instituted by Governor Macquarie were an obstacle to his ambitions. He wanted the colony to be a place where "men of real capital" would be given large selections of land to graze sheep, produce high quality wool and become an aristocratic ruling class.

An enquiry into the running of New South Wales was ordered by the British government due to complaints from Macarthur and other conservative colonists about Macquarie's reforms. The enquiry was conducted in 1819 by John Bigge who consulted extensively with Macarthur and concurred with his views. In his subsequent reports, Bigge discredited Macquarie and agreed with Macarthur that rich capitalists should be given large tracts of land with cheap convict labour to advance the wool industry in the colony. Macquarie was replaced as Governor by Thomas Brisbane who put into practice Bigge's recommendations, allowing Macarthur and other wealthy colonists to expand their assets and power.

Extensive wealth
The export of wool soon made Macarthur the richest man in New South Wales. In 1822, he finally obtained his second 5,000 acre grant and was awarded with two medals for exporting 150000 lb of wool to England and for increasing the quality of his wool to that of the finest Saxon Merino. In the early 1820s, John Macarthur was an owner of more than 100 horses. He established Camden Park Stud and was a major provider of bloodhorses. His sons, James and William Macarthur, followed in his footsteps and became important thoroughbred owners and breeders.

Macarthur also established Australia's first commercial vineyard. He imported vine plants when he returned to New South Wales in 1817, which he successfully cultivated at Camden Park. His Camden Park Estate comprised 60,000 acres by the end of the 1820s. Macarthur also employed a group of Aboriginal bodyguards who lived with their families under his patronage on the grounds of the Camden Park Estate.

Australian Agricultural Company
In 1824, a scheme Macarthur had promoted for many years came into existence: a chartered company to mass-produce and export Australian wool. This was the Australian Agricultural Company (AACo). A royal charter allowed the company of 365 initial shareholders investing a combined capital of £1,000,000 to acquire a 1,000,000 acre land grant north of Port Stephens. Macarthur was one of the original directors of the London company and the committee established in New South Wales to manage its operations consisted of his son, son-in-law and nephew. Within the first year these committee members had skimmed around £12,000 of the company's money, while most of the sheep used to stock the massive operation were bought from Macarthur at great profit to him.

Although the AACo came close to becoming insolvent in its early years under the Macarthurs, it went on to become a successful company which still exists today. Macarthur was also a founding investor in the Bank of Australia (1826).

Politician
In 1822, Macarthur was blocked from becoming a magistrate because of his involvement in the Rum Rebellion. However, in 1825 he was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council where he served until 1832 when he was removed due to his failing mental health.

During his period in office Macarthur took an ultra-conservative position, protecting the 'exclusive' colonial aristocratic establishment that he was a leader of. He was fervently against the introduction of jury trials and helped block their use in criminal cases. Macarthur also supported Governor Ralph Darling in his suppression of the free press, and utilised his advantage to attack high-ranking individuals who opposed him. For example, he attempted to have Chief Justice Francis Forbes impeached for ordering him to pay costs in a legal case where Macarthur was alleged to have instigated a riot.

Insanity and death
In 1832, Macarthur was officially declared a lunatic by Governor Richard Bourke and placed under restraint at his home in Camden.

John Macarthur died at his Camden Park Estate on 11 April 1834 and was buried on the property.

Legacy

In recognition of his contribution to Australian agriculture, Macarthur was honoured by a set of three postage stamps issued on the centenary of his death in 1934 (depicting a merino ram).

The Division of Macarthur and the Macarthur Region were named in honour of John and Elizabeth Macarthur. Macarthur, a Canberra suburb is also named after him.

John Macarthur's image and a merino ram is featured on the Australian two-dollar note, first issued in 1966; and since withdrawn from circulation and replaced by a coin in 1988.

Macarthur is a character in Eleanor Dark's semi-fictional Australian classic trilogy The Timeless Land. In the 1980 television adaptation, he was played by Robin Stewart. He also features in Naomi Novik's fantasy novel Tongues of Serpents.

Macarthur FC, an A-League football team is also named after him.

Family
John and Elizabeth Macarthur parented four sons: John, Edward, James and William, the later two being born at Elizabeth Farm; and three daughters: Elizabeth, Mary (who married pastoralist James Bowman) and Emmeline (who married future NSW Premier Henry Parker). His numerous and wealthy descendants remained influential in New South Wales affairs for many years. The Macarthur-Stanhams and Macarthur-Onslows are still wealthy but no longer prominent in public life.

Architectural legacy
Elizabeth Farm House is one of the oldest remaining farmhouses in Australia, though all that remains of the initial house is said to be one room. Hambledon Cottage was built in 1824 by John Macarthur and Henry Kitchen, in the early Colonial Georgian style. Both the House and Cottage have managed to survive to the present day.

The Camden Park Estate consisted of 5000 acre of prime pasture land with two notable dwellings; Camden Park House and Belgenny Cottage. The original Belgenny Cottage was designed and built by Henry Kitchen in the 1820s. The cottage stood as the John Macarthur's residence while he awaited completion of Camden Park House. It was completed in 1835, just after the death of John Macarthur. The descendants of John Macarthur continue to live in Camden Park House.

title: John Macarthur (wool pioneer)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/STYG

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 02:45, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

STYG
Nonnotable, vanity.--Jonathan Christensen 21:00, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete —Wahoofive | Talk 21:14, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Halidecyphon 21:50, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Abbreviation of a non-notable youth group. Dave the Red (talk) 22:25, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - Nearly identical article with alternate capitalization Styg was also listed shortly before this one. -- Jonel 23:08, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, promo. Megan1967 06:37, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/STYG


text:
Luxembourg at the 1980 Summer Olympics

Luxembourg competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. In partial support of the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics, Luxembourg competed under the Olympic Flag instead of its national flag.

Archery
After not competing in archery in 1976, Luxembourg returned to the sport in 1980 with one competitor.

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Andre Braun - 2386 points (→ 16th place)

Athletics
Men's 20 km Walk
 * Lucien Faber
 * Final — did not finish (→ no ranking)

Shooting
50 metre rifle three positions
 * Roland Jacoby - 34th place

50 metre rifle prone
 * Roland Jacoby - 11th place

title: Luxembourg at the 1980 Summer Olympics


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.Unicode, .unicode { font-family: inherit, Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Lucida Grande, sans-serif }

.ns-1 * #content, .ns-3 * #content, .ns-5 * #content, .ns-7 * #content, .ns-9 * #content, .ns-11 * #content, .ns-13 * #content, .ns-15 * #content, .ns-1 * #mytabs li, .ns-3 * #mytabs li, .ns-5 * #mytabs li, .ns-7 * #mytabs li, .ns-9 * #mytabs li, .ns-11 * #mytabs li, .ns-13 * #mytabs li, .ns-15 * #mytabs li { background: #FFFFF0; }

.ns-1 * #mytabs li a, .ns-3 * #mytabs li a, .ns-5 * #mytabs li a, .ns-7 * #mytabs li a, .ns-9 * #mytabs li a, .ns-11 * #mytabs li a, .ns-13 * #mytabs li a, .ns-15 * #mytabs li a, .ns-1 * #p-cactions li a, .ns-3 * #p-cactions li a, .ns-5 * #p-cactions li a, .ns-7 * #p-cactions li a, .ns-9 * #p-cactions li a, .ns-11 * #p-cactions li a, .ns-13 * #p-cactions li a, .ns-15 * #p-cactions li a { background-color: #FFFFF0; }

.ns-1 * #content div.thumb, .ns-3 * #content div.thumb, .ns-5 * #content div.thumb, .ns-7 * #content div.thumb, .ns-9 * #content div.thumb, .ns-11 * #content div.thumb, .ns-13 * #content div.thumb, .ns-15 * #content div.thumb { border-color: #FFFFF0; }

 * 1) bodyContent .plainlinks a {padding: 0 !important}

-moz-border-radius-topleft: .5em; -moz-border-radius-topright: .5em; } -moz-border-radius-topleft: .15em; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: .15em; } div.pBody { -moz-border-radius-topright: .5em; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: .5em; }
 * 1) p-cactions ul li, #p-cactions ul li a {
 * 1) content {

.diff-deletedline .diffchange {text-decoration: line-through;} .diff-addedline .diffchange {text-decoration: underline;}

/* keep superscript and subscript text from breaking the line-spacing */ font-size: smaller; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; bottom: 0.33em; }   font-size: smaller; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; bottom: -0.25em; }
 * 1) bodyContent sup {
 * 1) bodyContent sub {

title: User:Dedalus/monobook.css