text:
Homer Goes to College

"Homer Goes to College" is the third episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 14, 1993. In the episode, Homer causes a nuclear meltdown during a plant inspection and is required to study nuclear physics at college. When Homer neglects his studies, the college dean has three nerds tutor him. Homer enlists the nerds' help in playing a prank on a rival college, leading to their expulsion. Homer invites them to live with the Simpsons, who soon grow tired of their new housemates.

The episode was written by Conan O'Brien and directed by Jim Reardon. It was the third and final episode of the show that O'Brien received sole writing credit, having previously written the episodes "New Kid on the Block" and "Marge vs. The Monorail", both from season 4. O'Brien would leave the series halfway through the production of the season to host his own show, Late Night with Conan O'Brien. He had been working on this episode when he was informed that he had received the job and was forced to walk out on his contract.

The episode contains several references to the film Animal House as well as Monty Python and the Holy Grail, Star Trek and the song "Louie Louie" by The Kingsmen, which plays during the end credits. Since airing, the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics. It acquired a Nielsen rating of 11.3, and it was tied with Beverly Hills, 90210 as the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired.

Executives at Fox wanted "Homer Goes to College" to be the season premiere, but the writing staff felt that "Homer's Barbershop Quartet" was a better choice because of George Harrison's guest appearance in that episode.

Plot
During the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's inspection of the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant, Homer is placed in a test module van that simulates a power surge. He has no idea what to do, so he pushes buttons at random and somehow causes a nuclear meltdown, even though the van contains no nuclear material. Mr. Burns attempts to bribe the NRC officials; they refuse the bribe and inform Burns that Homer's job requires college training in nuclear physics. After Homer is rejected by every school he applies to, Mr. Burns helps him enroll at Springfield University, since he is a member of the admissions board there. However, Homer neglects his studies; having seen many teen films about college, Homer believes that at college, academics do not matter, life is full of pranks and partying, and that every college dean is a grouchy old man. Homer continues to hold these beliefs even after meeting the university's Dean Peterson, a friendly, laid-back young man.

Homer is asked to demonstrate how a proton accelerator works and causes a nuclear meltdown in class. Dean Peterson recommends Homer receive tutoring. When his tutors — three nerds named Benjamin, Doug, and Gary — try to help Homer understand physics, he refuses to cooperate. Instead, Homer and Bart convince the nerds to pull a prank on rival college Springfield A&M by kidnapping the rival college's mascot, a pig named Sir Oinkcelot. When the pig falls ill after Homer feeds him malt liquor, the nerds are blamed for the incident and expelled.

Homer invites Benjamin, Doug, and Gary to move in with his family. Their presence quickly disrupts the normal family routine. When Marge orders Homer to evict them, he tries to get them re-admitted to college with an elaborate hoax: he will nearly run down Peterson with his car, but the nerds will push him from harm's way at the last moment, hopefully reinstating them. The plan backfires when Homer's car actually hits the dean, seriously injuring him. At the hospital, Homer asks Dean Peterson to reinstate Benjamin, Doug, and Gary as students. Dean Peterson agrees, and the nerds move back into their old dormitory room. Homer fails his final exam, so the nerds hack into the school's student records and change his grade to an A+. However, Marge finds out and forces Homer to take the course again to set a good example for Bart and Lisa.

Production
"Homer Goes to College" was the final episode of the show for which Conan O'Brien received sole writing credit; his final writing credit altogether was for the episode "Treehouse of Horror IV", which he co-wrote with five other writers. O'Brien would leave the series halfway through the production of the season to host his own show, Late Night with Conan O'Brien on NBC. O'Brien was informed that he had been hired by NBC not long before the recording session for this episode began, and he was forced to walk out on his contract. The concept of the episode was that Homer attends college, but bases his entire understanding of what college is on "bad Animal House rip-off movies". O'Brien mentioned in the DVD commentary that the antics of the characters Benjamin, Doug, and Gary were based on three "incredible nerds" who lived in the same college dormitory as O'Brien.

The Fox Network executives had wanted the season premiere to be "Homer Goes to College" because it was an Animal House parody. However, the writers felt that "Homer's Barbershop Quartet" would be a better episode because of George Harrison's involvement.

During the episode, Homer lights his framed high school diploma on fire, unintentionally setting fire to his living room, while distractedly singing "I am so smart! S-M-R-T... I mean S-M-A-R-T!" This blunder was unscripted; during the recording session, Dan Castellaneta was singing the song and accidentally misspelled "smart". The writers decided it was much funnier that way, because it seemed like something Homer would do, so they left the apparent blooper in. The song has since become a fan favorite.

Jim Reardon directed the episode and has noted he remembers the episode for several scenes in which the action is viewed through windows, such as when Homer prank calls the dean. The animators were short on time, so for the design of Gary they took an earlier drawing of director Rich Moore and made him African-American.

Cultural references
The episode contains several references to the film Animal House, including the song "Louie Louie" by The Kingsmen, which plays throughout the film. The name of the episode, "Homer Goes To College", may be a reference to the 1982 album, Milo Goes to College by American punk band Descendents. The couch gag with the huge pink foot squashing the Simpsons is a reference to The Foot of Cupid from the television series Monty Python's Flying Circus. The film Monty Python and the Holy Grail is also referenced when Benjamin, Doug, and Gary imitate the Knights who say Ni. They play Dungeons & Dragons, hold arguments over Star Trek, and their room number is 222, a reference to the television series Room 222. Homer has posters of Albert Einstein and W. C. Fields hanging on his wall. The books that Homer cites as his favorites are TV Guide, Son of Sniglet and Katharine Hepburn's Me. Bart scratching the chalkboard to get everyone's attention is a reference to the film Jaws. The episode contains the first reference to the Internet on The Simpsons, as "computer signals" being sent between the Nerds and MIT. A picture in the dorm showing four men wearing silver dome hats resembles the '80s new wave band Devo. The phrases the nerds say when Homer greets them ("Intruder Alert", and "Stop the Humanoid!") are from the 1980 arcade game Berzerk. Lisa tells Homer: "Some nerds of note include...popcorn magnate Orville Redenbacher, rock star David Byrne, and supreme court justice David Souter." Homer replies "Oh, not Souter!"; his apparent familiarity with Supreme Court Justices is a running gag.

Mr. Burns asks Homer to "find the jade monkey" in a reference to the film The Maltese Falcon. He also offers the nuclear inspectors a washer and dryer or the contents of a mysterious box, which parodies the gameshow Let's Make a Deal. Mr. Burns' escape pod resembles the one used by R2-D2 and C-3PO in Star Wars. Mr. Burns tries to get Homer into college by using violence and hitting one of the members of the admissions committee with a baseball bat, a reference to the film The Untouchables.

Reception
In its original broadcast, "Homer Goes to College" finished 44th in ratings for the week of October 11 to October 17, 1993, with a Nielsen rating of 11.3, and was viewed in 10.5 million households. It was tied with Beverly Hills, 90210 as the highest-rated show on the Fox network that week.

The episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics. The authors of the book I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood, wrote: "Homer at his most excruciatingly stupid in another superb episode — his attitude to the college's 'stuffy old dean' (who was, in fact, bassist for The Pretenders) is a joy." Thomas Rozwadowski of the Green Bay Press-Gazette listed Homer's line "Curly, straight. Curly, straight" whilst he torments the pig as "instantly memorable". In 2019, Consequence ranked it the top episode on its list of top 30 Simpsons episodes.

DVD Movie Guide's Colin Jacobson commented that it did not "quite live up to its two predecessors "Homer's Barbershop Quartet" and "Cape Feare" this year, but it remains a strong show nonetheless. Actually, it starts a little slowly but builds steam along the way. It includes some classic moments of a Homer idiocy — hard to beat him chasing squirrels with a stick — and one of the better visual gags via Burns’ chair. Who can dislike a show in which Richard Nixon threatens Homer due to a drunken pig?" The episode's reference to The Untouchables was named the 13th greatest film reference in the history of the show by Total Film ' s Nathan Ditum.

In 2014, The Simpsons writers picked "Burning Down the Mouse" from the episode as one of their nine favorite "Itchy & Scratchy" episodes of all time.

Nathan Rabin writes of how the episode toys with expectations: "When it comes out that Homer still needs to pass the big test (he had conveniently forgotten that detail amidst all the pranks and stunts) he cycles his way through the kind of cramming montage that invariably ends with a proud graduate clutching an 'A' paper. However, Homer is denser than most, so even after all that cramming, he still ends up with an 'F.' In a glorious closing scene, Homer crows that at least everyone learned important lessons before his family corrects him and points out that nobody has learned any lessons at all, which is the perfect ending to a classic episode that subverts and lampoons every college movie cliché in existence."

title: Homer Goes to College


text: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Log/2005 April 17

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: User talk:81.109.246.34

title: User talk:81.109.246.34


text:
Talk:International Committee of the Red Cross

Untitled
A remark about non-Swiss nationals and the ICRC: membership of the ICRC is still strictly restricted to Swiss citizens, and probably will be so as long as the ICRC exists. In addition to that, the maximum number of members is 25. What is allowed since a couple of years is service of individuals from other countries as delegates to lead or participate in abroad missions conducted by the ICRC. Previously, serving as a delegate was also restricted to Swiss citizens but the need for delegates by far exceeds the number of Swiss people who are willing to go on such a mission. As I'm not a native speaker regarding the English language, I abstain from changing the article for myself, but I kindly ask to edit it regarding this issue. Sincerely, Uwe from the German Wikipedia

Done. TAS 18:23, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Translation from the German Wikipedia
Dear Wikipedians, I've prepared a translation of the article about the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement from the German Wikipedia. Compared to the current version of the respective English article, the German article provides a lot more details and information. Furtheremore, the translation contains also more information about the ICRC than the current English article about the ICRC. I kindly ask you to check the translation at

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

As I'm not a native speaker of the English language, the translation probably contains some unusual or even obscure wording. You are welcome to edit the translation directly. In addition to that leave a comment, either here, on the discussion page of the translation or on my personal discussion page. Any ideas or comments are highly appreciated. My ultimate goal is to transfer the translated version into the English Wikipedia. Best Regards, Uwe from the German Wikipedia

Structure
Draeco, the tone and structure of this article is completely inappropriate. All you have done is paste a portion of an article that was well-thought out and constructed to another place. If we are even going to consider this change, don't you think you should change the tone and structure first? There are still many references to the Movement here, and the distinctions are not apparent at all. I think it would be better if you made sample pages on your user page until you are satisfied, which could later be used to vote on a change. Otherwise, you may divide up lots of work and destroy the structure and tone established by the earlier authors. Also, in the meantime while you finish your changes, the article(s) will lose all coherence. Tfine80 20:38, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

Clearly unrecognised It would require a unanimous vote
 * (Tfine80 is referring to this edit and its predecessors) -- Very well, I'll continue the work at User:Draeco/ICRC, since the article is still in its formative stages as you noted. All editors are still welcome to join in. - Draeco 20:51, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

Move to create separate ICRC article

 * ''It is proposed that User:Draeco/ICRC be moved to International Committee of the Red Cross in order to become an article. The move has been discussed previously on the Movement talk page and Uwe's talk page.

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Move. I'll also combine the histories. —Wknight94 (talk) 01:36, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Survey

 * Add *Support or *Oppose followed by an optional one-sentence explanation, then sign your opinion with  ~

 * Support as nom. - Draeco 17:47, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm still Opposed because separate articles create unnecessary overlapping and redundancies. As the introduction says, all parts of the movement are united through common basic principles, objectives, symbols, statutes, and governing organs. Having said that, I recognize that this issue is sort of a general cultural rift between the English and the German Wikipedias (the German counterpart of this article, from which the English article was translated, has FA status in the de-WP). And as I consider all my contributions in Red-Cross-related articles to be in the Public Domain, do whatever you like - I will accept any outcome of this proposal. --Uwe 18:44, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Tentatively support. There seems to be enough material in Draeco's article to be, if anything, a longish article in its own right, and (admittedly, after only a skim) I don't see anything in it that doesn't look encyclopedia-worthy. I don't have any strong opinion on how the articles are to be broken up; I'd appreciate hearing from whether Uwe is of the opinion that some of this material simply does not belong in Wikipedia at all. Assuming that it does, how else would one organize this without ending up with a monster article? - Jmabel | Talk 20:04, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Support. This is long overdue, and a split is clearly warranted. The ICRC has a markedly different mandate from the national Red Cross/Crescent societies and needs separate treatment. --Dhartung | Talk 06:32, 18 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Support due to the above reasons. But I hope that the reorganization of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement will be planned too. Another thing I'm concerned about is the History of ICRC. In which article shall it be placed? --Knowhow 04:21, 22 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Support, as it focuses mainly on the topic discussed. However, the separated article should have its own place in Wikipedia, all neatly reorganized. Bluerfn 08:46, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Add any additional comments

 * Building upon the fine work of editors Uwe, Tfine80, and company, I have created a new article for the International Committee of the Red Cross. The ICRC is a distinct organization that deserves its own article, not just mention in the Movement article. The Movement article has become too long and attempts to cover too much information; several editors have noted that, and it was one of the main reasons the article was rejected for FA status here. The new article focusses on the ICRC specifically and only mentions the other parts of the Movement where appropriate. The current Movement article is still perfectly valid, but much of its material specific to the ICRC may be redundant now. The work is based upon this revision of the Movement article from 2 May 2006. - Draeco 17:26, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
 * As I have researched, compiled and written the German article about the movement, and translated it to English in collaboration with User:Tfine80, 90% or so of Draeco's proposed new separate article about the ICRC is composed of parts from the article I've written together with Tfine80. So, from my point of view there's nothing wrong with the content of Draeco's proposal. My point is that I consider the current solution to be better for several reasons which I've explained before in more detail on the Talk page of the article about the movement. The current article about the movement is 67KB long, which is (in my view) not too long but well suited considering the complex matter, and it's far away from being a monster article. There are a couple of featured articles in the en-WP which are far longer than 67KB. The main reason why I oppose separate articles is to avoid redundancies which would be inescapable if one tries to write two separate articles about the ICRC and the Federation, both being complete on their own. Many parts which are common for both organizations would have to be duplicated to some extent. Most of the books which I know are either written about the whole movement, or about the ICRC with significant parts going into lengthy details about the history, the role etc. of the Federation. I know of no book which is solely or primarily about the Federation. In other words, printed books about the Red Cross either cover the whole movement from the outset, or, while primarily covering the ICRC because of it's lead role and its longer history, they also de facto cover the whole movement by including the Federation into the context of the ICRC. In other words, there is no good way to tell the story of the ICRC without mentioning the Federation to significant extent, and vice versa one cannot write about the history and aims of the Federation without resorting to several references to the ICRC. So, in my humble opinion it's still the best solution to cover both parts of the movement in one single article to reduce redundancies and duplications to the minimum. --Uwe 21:40, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Uwe raises some good points above; the Red Cross Movement is certainly complex and interconnected. However, my main point is that the ICRC is a separate organization from the Federation and the National Red Cross societies and therefore the ICRC should have its own article. For the same reason, the American Red Cross has its own article, even though it is also part of the same Movement and inextricably tied to the ICRC. I also disagree that the ICRC and "everything else" cannot be treated separately; the ICRC article I have presented only mentions the Federation three times outside of the "Relationships Within the Movement" section. It is true that even ICRC-centric books unfailingly include the Federation, but that is for the sake of comprehensiveness because a book cannot just "link" to another book, whereas we can because Wikipedia is not paper. Finally, I disagree with the 90% redundancy and would say that more like 60% of the original content remains. The ICRC article now contains brand-new "Relationships within the Movement" and "Relationships in the World Order" sections, a greatly expanded explanation of the organizational structure, and 27 citations. The rest is rearranged material from Uwe et al. The ICRC article does not include any history, the controversy over symbols, or Federation activities that compose a large portion of the Movement article. - Draeco 22:18, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

A Whitewash?
The article misleadingly passes over the highly controversial 'Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross' published under the editorship of Frederic Siordet in Geneva in 1948, which described Red Cross activities in association with the German detention of civilians in camps. Essentially, this work presented evidence denying the Holocaust long after any international political concerns or pressure from the Nazi regime could have induced any fabrication. Omitting discussion of this, and instead concentrating solely on the Red Cross acceptance of the Holocaust years later, raises suspicion that this article is more a propaganda piece than a strictly factual entry. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.151.246.108 (talk) 22:51, 22 October 2013 (UTC)
 * The reference to the "controversial" Siordet report is just the warming over of an old denialist deception that the report supports "Holocaust revisionism." This is a plain lie: "The ICRC report is very clear regarding Nazi atrocities." (See page 641 of the report which states that Jews were "outcasts condemned by rigid racial legislation to suffer tyranny, persecution, and systematic extermination" quoted in Siordet Report) See document at:  ICRC Report 1948 Joel Mc (talk) 14:15, 23 October 2013 (UTC)

 * The link provided does not lead to the three-volume work published by the International Red Cross in 1948, but just to a 1962 'Analytischer Bericht,' or 'Analytical Report,' by which time things were being cleaned up. I have never been able to locate a copy of the much-discussed 1948 report, which many suggest said nothing about extermination but blamed the deaths on the inability to supply the camps with food because of the breakdown of the railway system due to Allied bombing at the end of the war.  A usually reliable source of all difficult to locate texts from the Second World War, the ZVAB site, also does not have it.  I am increasingly suspicious that this report remains persistently elusive.  A copy is supposedly available at the Red Cross archives in Geneva, but beyond that, there should be more copies available to scholars, not just summaries and excerpts published a long time after.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.151.246.70 (talk) 16:00, 24 October 2013 (UTC)

 * I am sorry, but the second link that I provided is to the 1948 report: "Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross on its ..., Volumes 1-2" By International Committee of the Red Cross.--Joel Mc (talk) 17:08, 24 October 2013 (UTC) Furthermore, there doesn't seem to be anything elusive about the report: the University of Geneva libraries have three copies (in French) of the 1948 three volume report.Joel Mc (talk) 08:08, 25 October 2013 (UTC)

Criticism of red cross general director.
The red cross appointed the fromer head of unraw as their general direct. It was criticised because he had left due to corruption https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/red-cross-taps-ex-un-palestinian-refugee-director-as-new-chief/ 2A02:14C:5400:800:8826:F9CC:7E62:1E30 (talk) 17:48, 24 December 2023 (UTC)

Removal of 'Criticism' section
I boldly removed the 'Criticism' section as it was full of WP:WEASELWORDS WP:Unsupported attributions and poorly sourced / unnotable accusations. See the diff here.

Also I removed the section for reasons outlined at WP:Criticism.

- IOHANNVSVERVS (talk) 17:01, 22 June 2024 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Dragonsoup

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Zzyzx11 | Talk 23:07, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dragonsoup


text:
Burngreave (ward)

Burngreave ward—which includes the districts of Burngreave, Fir Vale, Grimesthorpe, Pitsmoor, and Shirecliffe—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. It is located in the northern part of the city and covers an area of 2.8 sqmi. The population of this ward in 2011 was 27,481 people in 9,906 households. It is one of the wards that make up the Sheffield, Brightside and Hillsborough constituency. Most of the ward is served by a free community newspaper, the Burngreave Messenger.

Burngreave
Burngreave is a suburb of Sheffield that started to develop in the second half of the nineteenth century.

Fir Vale
Fir Vale is a suburb of Sheffield. It lies north west of Firshill, and the area in between was historically known as Pitsmoor Firs. On 12 June 2020 66 confirmed deaths caused by the coronavirus were reported in the Crabtree and Fir Vale district in the three months up to May 2020. The Office for National Statistics said this was the highest number of coronavirus deaths of any area of England and Wales. This is nearly twice the number of deaths per 100,000 population of the next highest area, Church End in the London borough of Brent. A care home, where staff said they were told not to wear face masks is under investigation by the Health and Safety Executive.

Crabtree Ponds nature reserve Crabtree Ponds is a Wildlife Trust for Sheffield and Rotherham nature reserve at Fir Vale. It was originally an ornamental pond for Crabtree Lodge, built in the nineteenth century. Fish such as rudd, roach, perch, crucian carp, sticklebacks and eels can be found at the site. Amphibians at the reserve are smooth and palmate newt, frogs and toads. Pipistrelle, Daubenton's and Leisler's bats have been seen feeding at the ponds. The surrounding woodland is dominated by sycamore, poplar and ash. Blue tits, great tits, treecreepers, woodpeckers, and wrens also breed at the nature reserve.

Grimesthorpe
Grimesthorpe is a suburb in north east Sheffield, lying west of Brightside and north east of Pitsmoor.

The settlement originated in the Dark Ages as a farmstead, passing from Grimshaw to Ulfae, the De Buslis, the De Lovetots and then the Dukes of Norfolk. A guide of 1840 describes the appearance of the village as "exceedingly striking, and partakes in some degree of the grotesque", with it main feature being the Grimesthorpe Grinding Wheel Company. The hills around the village had already been extensively quarried.

Grimesthorpe lies below Wincobank hill, and in the nineteenth century was surrounded by woods, which were popular places for walking. Between 1838 and January 1843 the area was served by Grimesthorpe Bridge railway station on the Sheffield and Rotherham Railway. The area became somewhat run down in the twentieth century. A nineteenth century village pump survives in the suburb.

Osgathorpe
Osgathorpe is a small suburb of Sheffield, lying between Shirecliffe and Firvale. It was probably founded by Norse settlers, and was for many years a hamlet largely owned by the Wake family, who were based in the now-demolished Osgathorpe Cottage. The area was largely covered by housing in the nineteenth century. Osgathorpe Park lies in the area.

Pitsmoor
Pitsmoor is a former village, now a suburb of Sheffield.

Shirecliffe
Shirecliffe is a suburb of Sheffield, lying west of Grimesthorpe. Its name comes from "scir-cliffe", a bright, steep hillside. In the mediaeval period, the area was owned by the De Mounteney family, who had a seat at Shirecliffe Hall, demolished in the early nineteenth century. In 1676, the hall was home to a congregationalist church, founded by the curates of James Fisher, who had been ejected as Vicar of Sheffield.

Demographics
This district of Sheffield is home to a large percentage of Sheffield's ethnic minority population as these statistics from the 2001 census show:

 * White: 58.5%
 * (White British: 55.8%)
 * Black British: 12.3%
 * (Black Caribbean: 6.3%)
 * (Black African: 5.2%)
 * British Asian: 22.9%
 * (Indian: 0.8%)
 * (Pakistani: 18.8%)
 * (Bangladeshi: 0.6%)
 * British Chinese & other: 1.6%
 * (Chinese: 0.2%)
 * Multiracial: 4.7%

According to the 2011 census:

 * White: 42.5%
 * (White British: 38.1%)
 * Black British: 14.0%
 * (Black African: 7.9%)
 * (Black Caribbean: 3.6%)
 * Asian British: 28.3%
 * (Indian: 1.7%)
 * (Pakistani: 22.8%)
 * (Bangladeshi: 0.6%)
 * (Chinese: 0.5%)
 * Mixed: 4.7%
 * Other: 10.4%
 * (Arab: 7.8%)

The most common countries of birth, other than the UK, were Pakistan-2,507 (9.1%), Somalia-880 (3.2%) and Jamaica-411 (1.5%)

Burngreave Messenger
The Burngreave Messenger is a community newspaper based in Burngreave.

It is published eight times a year and is distributed free to all households and businesses in the area. Its print run is 9,400.

The Messenger has no single editor, but is edited by a team of paid staff and volunteers from the community. The first edition was published in July 1999, and it celebrated its fiftieth issue in April 2005. The cover of that issue is pictured (right).

The Messenger is funded by a combination of paid-for adverts, grant funding, and a small amount of donations and sponsorship. Its main funders have been Burngreave New Deal for Communities (a ten-year regeneration programme funded by the government) and the Tudor Trust Charitable Trust, as well as from the Community Media Association, Yorkshire Forward and the National Lottery.

title: Burngreave (ward)


text:
Marek Malík

Marek Malík (born June 24, 1975) is a Czech former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1994 to 2009.

Playing career
After playing with TJ Vitkovice Jr. in the Czech junior league, Malík was drafted 72nd overall by the Hartford Whalers in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft. He played one season for HC Vítkovice of the Czech Extraliga before joining the Whalers' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Springfield Falcons, in 1994–95. He played the better part of two seasons with the Falcons before earning a roster spot with the Whalers. Marek scored his first career NHL goal on October 19, 1996, against Jeff Reese and the New Jersey Devils in a 6–2 Whalers victory.

While the Whalers' franchise relocated to Raleigh, North Carolina in 1997–98 to become the Carolina Hurricanes, Malík played in Sweden's Elitserien with the Malmö Redhawks. He returned to the NHL the following season with the Hurricanes. In 2001–02, Malík recorded a career-high 23 points. The following season, his ninth with the Whalers/Hurricanes franchise, Malík was traded to the Vancouver Canucks along with Darren Langdon in exchange for Jan Hlaváč and Harold Druken. He completed his second season with the Canucks, in 2003–04, as co-recipient of the NHL Plus/Minus Award (shared with Martin St. Louis of the Tampa Bay Lightning) with a +35 rating.

During the 2004–05 NHL lockout, Malík returned to the Czech Extraliga to play for HC Vítkovice. With NHL play set to resume the following season, he signed a three-year deal with the New York Rangers.

On November 26, 2005, Malík scored on Washington Capitals netminder Olaf Kölzig to finish the then longest shootout in NHL history. The goal was described as a "circus shot" as Malík drew the puck towards the center of the net, put his stick between his legs, and shot high on Kölzig's stick side. With goaltenders Henrik Lundqvist and Kölzig dominant in net, the shootout went to 15 rounds. The teams had selected so many players to shoot that they were being forced to send out their weaker defencemen. Bryan Muir of the Caps scored in round 14, and Jason Strudwick answered for the Rangers to tie the score again. The next Caps shooter (Matt Bradley) was stopped by Lundqvist, which set the stage for Malík. He skated in on Kölzig, deked to his glove, pulled the puck back, put his stick through his legs, and flipped the puck in over Kölzig's blocker to score and win the game. He had not scored a goal during the season at the time. After the shot, he raised his arm and shrugged to the fans before being mobbed by his teammates. Former Rangers commentator John Davidson said, "Now I've seen it all! First Strudwick scores, then Malík wins a shootout with a shot between the legs. Oh Baby!" The goal was ranked as the play of the year by TSN's SportsCentre.

During his time with New York, Malík was criticized for his lack of physical play, despite his size, as well as his risky decision-making with the puck. These criticisms have been applied to Malík as early as his minor league days in Springfield.

On January 24, 2008, he was not at the game on Brian Leetch Night, even though it was team policy for players to be present at games. He also did not attend practice and his locker was empty for the game after he refused to shake hands with head coach Tom Renney after a victory in the Rangers' previous game.

On October 14, 2008, Malík signed a one-year contract with the Tampa Bay Lightning.

On November 23, 2009, Malik signed a one-year contract with the Genève-Servette HC from the Swiss National League A.

On May 7, 2014, Malik announced his retirement.

Personal life
Malík has a wife and two sons. Malik's teammates and coaches called him "Harry", a nickname he received during his rookie season in Hartford because (at that time) he reminded them of the title character from Harry and the Hendersons.

Awards

 * Awarded the Plus/Minus Award in 2004 (co-recipient with Martin St. Louis)
 * Bronze medal with the Czech Republic at the 2006 Winter Olympics

title: Marek Malík


text:
Fructuosus

Saint Fructuosus of Tarragona (San Fructuoso, Sant Fructuós, died 259) was a Christian saint, bishop and martyr. His is an important name in the early history of Christianity in Hispania. He was bishop of Tarragona and was arrested during the persecutions of Christians under the Roman Emperor Valerian (reigned 253 – 260). Along with him were two deacons, St. Augurius and St. Eulogius. In 259, he was questioned by the praeses Aemilianus and burned at the stake in the local amphitheatre in Tarraco. The Acta of the martyrdom of the bishop Fructuosus and his deacons Augurius and Eulogius document his legend; they are the earliest Hispanic Acta, "marked by a realistic simplicity which contrasts very favourably with many of the Acta of Diocletian's persecution".

Acta
The text documents the following details. St. Fructuosus, and his deacons were just going to bed when they were arrested. They were examined, at which point they affirmed their belief in the God of Christianity. Fructuosus was asked if he was the bishop; after he responded he was, the examiner memorably replied "Fuisti" ("You were"). They were then sentenced to be burnt.

The 18th-century hagiographer Alban Butler wrote that while he was being led to his execution "on a Friday at ten o'clock in the morning, [he] refused to drink because it was not the hour [after sunset] to break the fast of the day, though fatigued with imprisonment, and standing in need of strength".

Officers were posted to prevent any sort of disturbance breaking out. They were not completely successful, though, and near the gate of the amphitheatre some of the Christians were able to get close to Fructuosus, and one of them asked him for his prayers. St. Fructuosus replied, in a voice loud enough for everyone to hear, "I am bound to bear in mind the whole universal Church from east to west." He then added some words of consolation and encouragement to the assembled. As the flames rose and enveloped the martyrs, they stretched out their arms, praying to their God until they died.

His Acta are referred to in a hymn by Prudentius and praised and extensively quoted by Augustine of Hippo. The historical list of the bishops of Tarragona, therefore, begins with Fructuosus.

St. Fructuosus' feast day is January 21.

San Fruttuoso abbey on the Italian Riviera is dedicated to St. Fructuosus.

title: Fructuosus


text:
Jack Christiansen

Jack LeRoy Christiansen (December 20, 1928 – June 29, 1986) was an American professional football player who became a college and pro coach. He played professionally in the National Football League (NFL) for the Detroit Lions as a safety and return specialist from 1951 to 1958. He helped lead the Lions to three NFL championships in 1952, 1953, and 1957 and was a first-team All-NFL player in six of his eight years in the league. He led the NFL in interceptions in 1953 and 1957 and in punt returns for touchdown in 1951, 1952, 1954, and 1956. His eight career punt returns for touchdowns was an NFL record until 1989 and remains the fourth best in league history. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in.

After retiring as a player, Christiansen served as a football coach for 25 years from 1959 to 1983, including stints as the head coach of the San Francisco 49ers, compiling a 26–38–3 record from 1963 to 1967, and at Stanford, where he compiled a 30–22–3 record from 1972 to 1976. He concluded his career as an assistant coach for the Kansas City Chiefs (1977), Seattle Seahawks (1978–1982), and Atlanta Falcons (1983).

Early years
Christiansen was born in Sublette, Kansas, in 1928, and was raised an orphan at the Odd Fellows Orphanage in Cañon City, Colorado. He attended Colorado A&M in Fort Collins, where he received eight varsity letters in football, track, and baseball, won three Skyline Conference championships in the quarter mile, and received all-conference honors in football twice. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1951.

Detroit Lions
Christiansen was selected in the sixth round of the 1951 NFL draft, 69th overall, by the Detroit Lions. As a rookie in 1951, he appeared in all 12 games as a defensive halfback for the Lions. In his third NFL game, playing in front of "the largest crowd ever to see a football game in Detroit" (52,907 in attendance), he returned two punts for touchdowns (returns of 69 and 47 yards) against the Los Angeles Rams. Six weeks later, Christiansen repeated the feat, returning two punts for touchdowns (returns of 71 and 89 yards) against the Green Bay Packers on Thanksgiving Day in Detroit. He returned 18 punts for a total of 343 yards (19.1 yards per return), as the 1951 Lions compiled a 7–4–1 record and finished in second place in the NFL's Western Division.

In 1952, he helped lead the Lions to an NFL championship, the second in franchise history. Christiansen returned 15 punts for 322 yards and two touchdowns, and his average of 21.5 yards per punt return during the 1952 season remains an NFL record. His longest return in 1952 was for 79 yards with two minutes remaining against the Chicago Bears at Wrigley Field on November 23. Christiansen also played as a halfback on offense, rushing for 54 yards and a touchdown on nine carries against the Chicago Bears on December 7, and for 94 yards, including a 65-yard touchdown run, against the Dallas Texans on December 13. At the end of the season, Christiansen was selected by the Associated Press (AP) as a first-team All-NFL player.

In 1953, Christiansen helped lead the Lions to their second consecutive NFL championship. While his punt return numbers declined (eight returns for only 22 yards), he became a starter at left halfback and developed a reputation as one of the best pass defenders in the NFL. He led the NFL with 12 interceptions, 238 interception return yards, and a 93-yard interception return. Despite playing in only 11 games in 1953, his 12 interceptions remains tied for the fifth highest single-season tally in NFL history. At the end of the season, he was selected by the AP and United Press International (UPI) as a first-team All-NFL player and was invited to play in the Pro Bowl.

Christiansen became an integral part of the defensive backfield, a unit that would become known as "Chris's Crew," in tribute to his leadership. He continued this high standard of play, tying for the interception lead with 10 picks-six in 1957 to help the Lions win their third title in six years. His 46 career interceptions ranks fourth on the Lions' all-time list. As a punt returner, he had 85 returns for 1,084 yards, and his 12.8 average still stands as a Detroit record and is third all-time in NFL history.

He is tied with Lem Barney at 11 for the most return touchdowns in Detroit history. Christiansen still has the team record with eight punt return touchdowns. He was the first player in NFL history to record two punt return touchdowns in the same game.

After winning All-Pro six consecutive years from (1952–1957) and playing in five consecutive Pro Bowls beginning in 1954, Christiansen was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1970. He was an All-NFL defensive back for six-straight years, played in five Pro Bowls (opening the 1956 game with a 103-yard kickoff return) and led the league in interceptions twice.

San Francisco 49ers
In January 1959, Christiansen announced that he was retiring as a player to accept a position as an assistant coach with the San Francisco 49ers under head coach Red Hickey. He served as a defensive backfield coach with the 49ers for four years, from 1959 to 1962. In late September 1963, with the 49ers in the midst of a 10-game losing streak, including all five pre-season games and the first three regular-season games of the 1963 season, Hickey resigned, and Christiansen, at age 34, took over as the 49ers' head coach. In that season's final 11 games, the 49ers won only twice, but held the distinction of being the only team to defeat the eventual NFL champion Chicago Bears.

Over the succeeding four years, San Francisco continued to struggle, with Christiansen's best season coming in 1965 when the team was 7–6–1. The 49ers began the 1967 season with five wins in their first six games, but won only two more games the remainder of the campaign, resulting in Christiansen's dismissal on December 20, ending his tenure with a record of 26–38–3.

Colorado State
In January 1968, Christiansen was hired by his alma mater, Colorado State, as a consultant to review and make recommendations concerning the university's athletic program.

Stanford
In April 1968, Christiansen was hired as an assistant coach under John Ralston at Stanford. During this period, Stanford pulled off consecutive Rose Bowl upsets of Ohio State and Michigan, both previously undefeated In January 1972, Ralston left to coach the NFL's Denver Broncos, and Christiansen was promoted to head coach.

Christiansen spent five years as Stanford's head coach, compiling a winning record each year and a 30–22–3 overall record. He was criticized for starting Mike Cordova rather than Guy Benjamin at quarterback during the 1975 season and for switching between quarterbacks during the 1976 season. One day prior to the final game of the 1976 season, Stanford announced that it was terminating Christiansen as its head coach.

Kansas City Chiefs
In March 1977, Christiansen was hired as an assistant coach, responsible for running backs, under Paul Wiggin with the Kansas City Chiefs. Wiggin was fired in the middle of the season, as the Chiefs compiled a 2–12 record.

Seattle Seahawks
In April 1978, Christiansen was hired by the Seattle Seahawks, replacing Bob Holloway as the team's defensive backfield coach. He spent five years as the Seahawks' defensive backfield coach, from 1978 to 1982.

Atlanta Falcons
In February 1983, Christiansen was hired by the Atlanta Falcons as its secondary coach. In January 1984, Christiansen resigned his position with the Falcons after being diagnosed with cancer.

Honors, family, and later years
After his playing career ended, he received numerous honors, including the following:
 * In 1967, he was inducted into the Colorado Sports Hall of Fame. He was the first Colorado State athlete to be so honored.
 * In 1969, he was named as a starting safety on the NFL's 1950s All-Decade Team.
 * In 1970, he was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
 * In 1977, he was selected by Pro Football Digest as the safety on its all-time all-pro football team of 25 players.
 * In 1986, weeks prior to his death, he was inducted into the Michigan Sports Hall of Fame.
 * In 1988, he was posthumously inducted into the Colorado State University Athletic Hall of Fame.
 * In 1999, he was ranked number 86 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Football Players.
 * Also in 1999, he was selected as both a safety and punt returner on the Detroit Free Press' all-time Lions team.

Christiansen and his wife, Doris, had four daughters. He retired from coaching in 1984 after being diagnosed with cancer. He died in June 1986 at age 57 after undergoing surgery at Stanford Hospital in Palo Alto, California.

title: Jack Christiansen


text:
Charlie Eppes

Charles Edward Eppes, Ph.D., is a fictional character and one of the protagonists of the CBS crime drama Numbers. He is portrayed by David Krumholtz.

Eppes is portrayed as a young mathematical genius and professor of applied mathematics at the fictional California Institute of Science, CalSci (primarily based on Caltech, where some filming and mathematics consulting is done). As a world-class mathematician, Charlie helps his brother Don Eppes solve many of his perplexing FBI cases, sometimes with the help of his best friend, mentor and colleague Larry Fleinhardt, and his on-again/off-again girlfriend, former student and now wife, Amita Ramanujan, who further refines Charlie's approach and helps him stay focused. Charlie has consulted for the National Security Agency (NSA), in part as a cryptanalyst, for nearly five years, having attained TS/SCI security clearance. It was revoked at the end of season four after he transmitted information to Pakistan, but was later re-instated.

Backstory
According to Eppes' father, he could multiply four-digit numbers mentally at age three and at the age of four required special teachers. In the second grade, he attempted to find a 70-digit narcissistic number in base 12—Eppes has described himself as "quixotic" in elementary school. A prodigy, he attended Princeton University at the age of 13 after graduating from high school at the same time as his brother who is five years his senior ("Soft Target"), and took Professor Lawrence Fleinhardt's quantum physics course in his first year. They became fast friends, with Fleinhardt establishing his academic connections. Eppes published his first mathematical treatise at the age of 14 (in the American Journal of Mathematics) and graduated at the age of 16. In fact, he was the youngest person to ever write a paper of importance.

It was his paper on the Eppes Convergence, which concerned asymptotics of Hermitian random matrices, that made him a star in his field. Following a seminar that heavily criticized this seminal piece many years after its initial publication, Charlie realized that his work with the FBI has prevented him from doing research significant to other mathematicians and now hopes to spend decades on cognitive emergence theory ("the mathematics of the brain") to rectify this certain inequity, which has delighted Fleinhardt. Although he was a child prodigy, Charlie now laments the fact that his best years in his research will never come ahead of schedule again.

Eppes is a multiple Ph.D. ("Decoy Effect"), a recipient of the Milton Prize and a nominee for the Fields Medal. Following his five-year research on random matrices, Charlie worked on sequences with orthogonal symmetry. He has also provided insights for possibly solving the P vs. NP problem and published works on H-infinity control of nonlinear systems and computational fluid dynamics, while his current research is in cognitive emergence theory. He has presented seminars on harmonic analysis and the zeros of random orthogonal polynomials and given lectures on group theory and Kac–Moody algebras. Eppes has taught courses on calculus, chaos theory, fluid dynamics, game theory and probability at CalSci in addition to giving guest lectures on applied probability. The lecture in which he converted the classroom into a miniature casino for analyzing probabilities is considered an "Eppes Classic". Also, Eppes has taken over Fleinhardt's computational physics class when he was asked to do so, and has given a joint lecture on circular motion and the Coriolis effect with Fleinhardt. Professor Otto Bahnoff took over Eppes' mathematical physics grad seminar on the day he got married.

Characterization
Charlie has wild curly hair, is wary of people, and frequently enthralled with objects and patterns. According to Krumholtz, Charlie wants to understand how the world works. His father has said Charlie is easily fascinated, possesses a big heart and is thorough, but he misses certain things completely. Meanwhile, Larry observed that he is "a talented theoretician with an ego problem" and a student once described him as fast-talking and disorganized, to the agreement of Larry. Fleinhardt also accurately noticed that his colleague has a high standard of guilt and is a pragmatist. Charlie is rather fond of providing excessive explanations (e.g., his discussion of Occam's razor) and reducing complex phenomena to intuitively obvious situations through practical analogies that are quite unlike Larry's metaphysical musings and cosmic metaphors. (These analogies are known as "audience visions" or, as friend Megan Reeves calls them, "those cute little analogies.") While contemplating, his antics and mannerisms may even disconcert more conventional thinkers. Wearing his headset, Dr. Eppes has an intense focusing ability as he voraciously writes equations, often covering several chalkboards with a staccato clacking and the aid of a red chalk holder. Nevertheless, if his line of thought is interrupted during a tense moment, as one of restricted foresight, he can become very disgruntled. Further, when deeply concentrating on a particular problem, it seems Charlie is unable to provide insights to other topics for the sake that they are simply needed or wanted—he has to write what is in his head. Like his brother Don, he is characteristically stubborn and obsessive ("one part exuberance, two parts obsession"), especially when it comes to work, but he's rather naïve when it comes to human behavior. The latter often interferes with his FBI work and, thus, is the cause of much distress for him at times.

He is extremely talented in chess, as it requires both his father and brother to play against him and a distraction to defeat him. Charlie also has a vast understanding of theoretical physics, often assisting Larry with his multi-dimensional supergravity theory and papers on gravity waves, and biology, extending to knowledge of ciliate protozoa and the spread of infectious diseases. While brilliant in some areas, he is lacking in others. Dr. Fleinhardt has stated that it is a good thing he went into applied mathematics as opposed to engineering, as machines malfunction in his presence, though he was able to take apart and rebuild his father's cell phone to analyze its GPS transceiver. He is apparently a bad speller (e.g., he misspells "anomaly" and "conceited") and does not know the meaning of "defenestration" (for which Larry chastises him stating that the idealization is to be a Renaissance man and that even math and physics majors had to have a course on English). Thus, his father likes playing Scrabble with him.

Charlie is a rationalist. He is skeptical of UFOs, psychic ability, and gematria —all considered to be pseudosciences. He also does not like illusions. He, however, is also fairly open-minded in terms of faith and religion.

Evolution over the series
The episode "Uncertainty Principle" is significant for the backstory it gives on the familial relationships, particularly Charlie's difficulty in dealing with his mother's death from cancer. While it's unclear how Don reacted, Charlie spent the last three months of his mother's life isolated in the garage, incessantly working on one of the Millennium Prize Problems, specifically P vs NP; it's a point of contention between the brothers. Also, Charlie doesn't think Don understood what he went through during their school years, especially how he was treated as "Don's brainiac little brother" by his peers in high school, and how he often left him to his own resources as a child, though he was not as inept as Don had reasoned. However, Charlie's relationship with Don remains strong, as he has begun to increasingly fear for his brother's safety on the job and still looks to his older brother for acceptance. Charlie and his father worry about Don committing to relationships, and for a time, fear that he had been cheating on Robin Brooks. Ironically, Charlie has similar problems with women himself. After a couple dozen murder cases, Charlie is somewhat jaded and world-weary like his brother. FBI agent David Sinclair of Don's team even comments that he has never seen two brothers so similar and yet so different. In "The Janus List", the brothers seem to take on each other's tendencies a bit. Though, in season five, Charlie is dismayed that Don does not reveal to him his newfound religious faith.

In "Prime Suspect," Charlie purchases the beautiful Craftsman family home from his father, who continues to live with him. Now 30 years old, Charlie wants to be responsible and take care of his father but still believes that much of the pressures involving their dad has been put on his shoulders as Don doesn't seem to have enough time. Realizing this, Alan sets his sights on moving out to accomplish things on his own, with Charlie seemingly supporting the idea, but has since chosen to stay as he favors his son's company. Recently, Charlie is bothered by his father trying to impose his will on him with maintaining the house, as he is a full tenured professor at one of the most prestigious institutions in the country working on "life-altering" mathematics, i.e., in solving crimes. Alan just wants him to be responsible and not end up like Larry, though Mr. Eppes respects Fleinhardt. Even he has thought of this possibility and decides to do more around the home. After Charlie compares his own situation to that of Einstein his father looks into information on the physicist and understands his son's predicament. Charlie also feels guilty about the amount of time his parents, particularly his mother, who always was attuned to his way of thinking, spent with him as a child; he even asks his mother (JoBeth Williams) in a dream if she regrets the time away from Don and Alan because of the special attention he needed growing up.

Charlie's research often interferes with his relationships: as with Amita on their first date, for all they could talk about is mathematics; Fleinhardt says that it is a common interest and they should not struggle to avoid the subject. Charlie and Amita had several false starts. Charlie has also spent some time with his ex-girlfriend, Susan Berry (Sonya Walger), an attractive neuroscientist from London. He had lived with Susan for two years, and Larry described this as his very own Berry's phase. However, she later reveals that she is currently involved with someone else and has to return to England. Charlie attempts to start a relationship with Amita once more, though her job offer at Harvard University strains this possibility and makes him distraught for some time. Eventually, she decides to take the alternative offer at CalSci with the hope to begin a romantic relationship with him, though his fear of possible failure causes him to question whether he wants this second chance; Don cautions him about such an attitude. Amita notices his ambivalence and isn't certain if she wants to back out of the relationship, but he then pushes it forward. Pressures from their colleagues over the inappropriateness of the relationship nearly cost them, but by the middle of the third season their romantic involvement stabilizes and they have grown considerably closer. He feels rejected when Amita does not want him to meet her father, due to his expectations about the men she dates. Initially, he wonders if it is based on him being Jewish, but the problem is that he is not Indian-born. Alan explains that Mr. Ramanujan would like him after meeting him. Charlie and Amita state that they love each other, and have even decided to move in together, though, the actual living arrangement has not been determined. When Amita's parents finally meet him, they are rude, but warm to him later. Alan says that Charlie will have to marry her.

Unforeseen complications with his work emerge as the new Chair of the CalSci Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy Division, Dr. Mildred Finch, in the episode "Waste Not", makes Charlie head of the Ph.D. admissions committee against his wishes, bogging him down with more work, and gives him pressures about using the school's supercomputer for FBI work or missing classes for such. This leads to Charlie being confrontational, but she calms him when she says she just wants him to be "the Sean Connery of the mathematics department." In the episode "Take Out", Charlie and Millie attend a black tie reception for CalSci fundraising and bond. Soon after, Charlie is asked by Millie to meet with Macmillan Pharmaceuticals, which according to Amita has a reputation for exploiting third-world countries. Amita serves as his conscience in this matter, and he goes to see Dr. Finch about it. With "Pythagorean wit," he dazzles Macmillan and is to serve as a mathematical consultant for the pharmaco-kinetic modelling project, only under the provision that CalSci will administer the trials and monitor the drug at every step, all computational analyses are conducted by Charlie and his team, and 5% of the gross will go to third-world AIDS organizations chosen by Professors Eppes and Ramanujan. In "Democracy", as part of his duties, he recruits the young fantasy baseball and sabermetrics fanatic Oswald Kittner (Jay Baruchel), who shows great promise, to attend CalSci.

When Larry announces his leave of absence to board the International Space Station (in the episode "Brutus"), Charlie is shocked and upset. He is in denial about Larry's ambitions and he thinks reason of the risks involved will assert itself firmly in Larry's mind. He reasons that apparently Larry wouldn't do such a thing. Larry remands his few prized possessions to him, and he is grateful for the gesture. When he tells him his concerns, Larry is angered. Amita says to Larry, "[Charlie] has never dreamt of something he couldn't reach, so he has no idea what it is like to want something he is not able to get. So how could he understand how much [Larry] you would give up when this chance comes along?" Larry understands and decides to ignore Charlie's protestations. Though neither apologize, they are on good terms. Charlie says to Amita that he does not know what he would do without him, as he peruses through Larry's precious items that were bestowed upon him. In "Killer Chat", he says that he was glad that Larry's dream could come true, but feels conflicted about being relieved when he discovers that Larry might have been scrapped from the mission when NASA learned of his eccentric indulgences such as sleeping in the campus steam tunnels. However, Charlie agrees with Megan in wanting to help Larry and personally vouches for him. Eppes' words and affiliation with the NSA gets him back on the mission, thus, repaying a debt as Larry helped launch him into the academic firmament. Earlier, he had given him back his lucky T-shirt.

In "The Art of Reckoning", Charlie is initially overjoyed to see his friend Larry return, but Charlie is dismayed with Larry's lack of enthusiasm in life, so Charlie doesn't object to him readjusting at a monastery. His concern is apparent, and he says he just wants his friend back.

Since then, in "Trust Metric", Charlie is pleased to see his friend doing well, feeling that he needed a friend, and is glad to have focused on teaching while Don did not include him with FBI work; though, on previous occasions, he expressed the desire to be involved. Granger's escape from the prison bus causes him to become active in helping his brother once more, allowing him a chance to use set covering deployment.

Dr. Finch tells him to publish, and so he has renewed interest in old research, having decided to publish one of his eleventh-grade papers he started at nine years old, "The Mathematics of Friendship," with an addendum. A publishing company has turned his work into a classic book for those not mathematically inclined, while opting for a title with more pizazz, "Friendship, As Easy as Pi." Charlie takes joy in the belief that this book will allow his thoughts to reach a much wider audience than before. By the episode "In Security," the published book appears with the title "The Attraction Equation" and a dapper photo on the back cover of him holding a sculpture of a stellated icosidodecahedron with bevelled edges. A decision theoretic approach to relationships is covered in the book. His proud father hands copies to friends and Larry sells signed copies on eBay. He apparently has some fans and gives into a televised interview.

In "Checkmate", Charlie is training in weapons and tactics in LA's FBI school, where he is shown to have a high skill in marksmanship at the range, impressing many of his FBI training peers as well as his instructor, which he credits to following Wyatt Earp's preference for careful accuracy instead of rapid firing. He is given a certificate of marksmanship by the FBI. In the episode "Pay to Play", Charlie convinces Don to let him join the team when they go to arrest a suspect, mentioning that he passed the FBI course.

In the season four finale "When Worlds Collide", Charlie helps an innocent colleague accused of terrorism by sending genetic research to scientists at Pakistani universities which is prohibited, with full cognizance of the consequences. As a result, Charlie is arrested, loses his security clearance and ultimately loses his ability to help Don on FBI cases. Once again, Charlie holds strong to his ideals. In the previous season's "Burn Rate", Charlie has strong opinions concerning genetic engineering, believing bomb suspect, fellow prodigy, and former Feynman student Emmett Glaser's ideas about genetic predeterminism are rational, not incendiary, and helps to clear his name.

The charges against Dr. Eppes are dropped. For a time, Don Eppes' team is attempting to make do with Fleinhardt's and Amita's expertise, but Charles' assistance is sorely missed to the point of consulting him secretly. For his part, Charles has been convinced by his lawyer and father to attempt to have his clearance restored. Even Don supports the idea and stands up to security clearance investigator Carl McGowan (Keith Carradine), stating to go after him, not his brother. Temporarily, Charlie works as a LAPD consultant until the fiasco with his security clearance can be resolved. He later gets his clearance back and is working with his brother and the FBI again. He is trying to assert himself in the methodology used to solve a crime, having struggled with not being included, but some friction arises with Amita and Larry.

Charlie works once again with rival Marshall Penfield, as they settle their differences ("Frienemies"). Also, he is chosen to be the head of the think tank model comprising himself, Larry, Alan, and Amita ("Jacked"). As Dr. Eppes applies the Turing Test to a seemingly unique artificial intelligence, he is tricked only to come to the realization that the computer only uses a recursive algorithm to apply the most human responses, while simultaneously being tempted by an offer to work for DARPA. Head of DARPA special projects Jane Karellen (Nancy Travis) knows that he has a limited window to use his genius and tells Charlie that he is one of the top five minds on the planet. Amita's life is even threatened by the advanced computer ("First Law"). Late in season five, Charlie moves into a new office. While moving, he gets some inspiration for his cognitive emergence theory, which causes him to momentarily set aside his work on a series of home invasions for Don. Don is stabbed while attempting to arrest the home invaders ("The Fifth Man"). Charlie blames himself for Don being stabbed and throws himself into his FBI consultation work as a result ("Disturbed"). This worries everyone, especially Don, who tells him to "do whatever you want to do" ("Greatest Hits") while visiting Charlie in his new office. Around this time, Charlie is also presented with a series of letters from previous successive holders of this prestigious office, wherein each celebrated mathematician writes of accomplishments they intend to achieve, passing down the torch to the next in line to do the same. At first Charlie is hesitant, until the very determined Amita convinces him to write the corresponding letter and eases his burdens, as Charlie fears he cannot meet his destiny with so much weight to succeed being placed on his shoulders his entire life.

At the end of the season, while leaving for dinner, Charlie is attacked, and Amita is kidnapped. Charlie is so emotionally distraught that he cannot think of the math needed to find Amita. With the help of Don, Alan, and David, Charlie snaps out of it to locate Amita. Amita is rescued. He realizes that he did not want to lose Amita, and he proposes to her ("Angels and Devils").

At the end the premiere episode of the program's sixth season, it was revealed that Amita has accepted Charlie's proposal. The issue was skirted throughout the episode, as the two were waiting until Amita officially received permission from her parents. He and Amita discuss the number of children that they want to have, and they both decide that they may need to participate in the Big Brother/Big Sister program for some practical experience before having children. He and Amita attempt to find a wedding date that is suited to their and their families' schedules; Alan suggests that they should take his and Margaret's anniversary date as Charlie and Amita's date. Charlie and Amita have since pushed the date forward as his academic fantasy has come to light, being a visiting professor at Cambridge University. In the season finale, after the wedding ceremony presided over by Larry, he is happy but worries about disconnecting with Don and offers to have the garage renovated into a guest house for his father. He toasts his friends and family and amazes at the prospect of staying in England with his wife.

Creation
Long intrigued by mathematicians and scientists, creators Cheryl Heuton and Nick Falacci created a show with one as the protagonist. Inspiration for Charlie came specifically from Richard Feynman. Finding the actor who would portray Charlie would be a challenge. Over one hundred actors auditioned for the role of Charlie Eppes. One of the actors was David Krumholtz, who later admitted in an interview with TVGuide.com and in an interview with USA Weekend's Lorrie Lynch to failing math in high school. Krumholtz was cast as Charlie because of his ability to make math sound natural.

To prepare for his role of Charlie Eppes, Krumholtz spent some time at Caltech talking to professors and walking the Caltech campus, attempting to understand both the basics of the math and the mathematician's mind. He even spoke with Dr. Tony Chan of UCLA about mathematicians’ work while filming the first pilot. Math consultants helped Krumholtz understand the basics of the equations on the show. Early on, Professor Rick Wilson's graduate student, David Grynkiewicz, showed Krumholtz how to write his own equations and even filled in for his hand in several episodes. Krumholtz later frequently wrote the equations himself.

Krumholtz memorizes the pages of mathematical equations and concepts that are a part of the script. When doing scenes involving audience-visions, Krumholtz prefers to recite his lines as the cameras are rolling; producers went along with this because they reasoned that if the cameras weren't rolling, the lines wouldn't make it into the show. (Audience visions are Charlie's visually-aided explanations of the mathematics involved in a case. )

Reception
Early reception of Charlie varied according to the audience in question. Due to television production's traditional approach of utilizing only two worlds for filming, production staff initially opposed the idea of Charlie being a college professor. Some even unsuccessfully suggested to Heuton and Falacci that Charlie should be working with the FBI full-time as an employee.

When the pilot was previewed, the reception was more positive. CBS executive Nina Tassler liked Charlie. The focus group that watched the original pilot for Numb3rs loved him.

When Numb3rs was previewed for the TV critics, the reception was different. Melanie McFarland, TV critic for the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, stated that Charlie was not original as of the Pilot. According to Lauren Aaronson of Popular Science, Charlie's expertise seems a little bit incredible. Robert Bianco of USA Today, however, called Krumholtz, as Charlie, "appealing". Toni Fitzgerald of Media Life Magazine stated that Krumholtz, as Charlie, "stands out".

Since the early days of the series, the character of Charlie Eppes has become more widely accepted. Krumholtz appeared at the 2005 National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) convention in Anaheim. Since then, Krumholtz receives cheers when he attends math conventions. In a public service announcement, Krumholtz congratulated the Federal Bureau of Investigation on their 100th anniversary. Charlie was one of the first geeks on primetime television who paved the way for other shows starring geeks such as Bones, Chuck and The Big Bang Theory. Charlie was a runner-up in the category of "Sexiest Brainiac" in TV Guide's poll in 2007.

CharlieVision
CharlieVision (as labeled by the show's creators) is the mode in which Charlie's insights are displayed on-screen. It consists of fast-paced visions or cutscenes often characterized by false-color images that integrate his analogies and mathematical models, usually followed by him rushing off to tell Don about his new insights. 'CharlieVision' is not to be confused with "audience visions," in which Charlie's voice uses an analogy to simplify a mathematical concept while corresponding images are flashed on screen. Ridley Scott and Tony Scott, executive producers for Numb3rs, designed the specifics of the Charlie-visions, such as the ash yellow color that appears on-screen when Charlie suddenly becomes inspired.

title: Charlie Eppes


text:
User:Vincent Lefèvre

My web site.

title: User:Vincent Lefèvre


text:
Talk:Diamond anvil cell

Merged version
A Diamond Anvil Cell (DAC) is used for high pressure experiements. The sample is placed between two diamonds. A gasket keeps the sample in place, and a liquid often ensures even pressure.

This technique is used in synchrotron research.

 * This last claim I find totally mysterious. --Andrew 23:11, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * A citation is sought for the production of metallic hydrogen using the diamond anvil, for which purpose the following, taken from the article Metallic Hydrogen, would seem to suffice:[3] S. T. Weir, A. C. Mitchell, and W. J. Nellis, Metallization of Fluid Molecular Hydrogen at 140 GPa (1.4 Mbar) Physical Review Letters 76, 1860 - 1863 (1996). Unfortunately, while I was able to simply paste the citation at the end of the article, I was unable to figure out how to properly insert the reference. Help appreciated. FutharkRed 07:34, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

 * FutharkRed, the citation you give describes an experiment using shock compression. This is an entirely different technique than using a diamond anvil cell.  In a shock experiment the pressure is only maintained for a few tiny fractions of a second and the temperature is very high so that the hydrogen was fluid.  Metallic hydrogen has not yet been produced in a diamond anvil cell.  Thus, I've removed the incorrect statement about metallic hydrogen being produced in a diamond anvil cell from the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by JazHambo (talk • contribs)

 * Thanks JazHambo, good work. - Eldereft (cont.) 08:06, 18 October 2008 (UTC)

Diagram
The diagram demonstrating the technique is technically incorrect. It suggests that the laser beam (and X-rays, although this at least is more plausable) comes in from the side at an angle parellel to the principle facet of the diamond (ie: normal to the applied force). In order to do this the laser would need to pass through the gasket which is generally opaque. The more usual method (and indeed the reason why a DAC is so useful) is to pass the laser beam along the axis of applied force and through the diamond. The diamond is transparent (which is one of the reasons a high purity, well cut diamond is required) and has very little effect on the laser beam (or at least one which can be corrected or accounted for in results). I'm a little unsure what the copyright on the image allows me to do with it though and it would be a shame to have to totally replace the entire image when a little editing is all that is required to fix the problem (ie: slightly expand the frame and redraw the arrows coming in from the right direction). Could someone clarify if it's ok for me to fix this and resubmit the corrected image or does modification violate the copyright? --Edith The Hutt 18:59, 5 October 2006 (UTC) The image is in the public domain, and therefore you may edit it in anyway you like.

 * I found hard to fix the discussed image by editing and simply replaced it with a better one. NIMSoffice (talk) 10:45, 21 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I added a new picture that I drew for a lab report. I tried to make it as accurate as possible. --Tobias1984 (talk) 19:16, 12 May 2012 (UTC)

Gasket material
A quick quibble - beryllium gaskets are metallic but basically x-ray transparent. We could change the statement in Components to just say that low Z materials can be used for illumination through the gasket, or possibly briefly list desirable characteristics with examples: x-ray transparency (Be, B); high stiffness (Re, diamond-coated); high yield strength (spring steel). Actually, those are the only gasket materials that occur to me off hand - am I missing any? Trade-offs would include toxicity/ease of handling, plastic deformation, sample containment/centering, thermal/chemical stability, &c. Thoughts? - Eldereft (cont.) 18:16, 22 January 2009 (UTC)

 * New edit fixed this - good job. - Eldereft (cont.) 22:02, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

What limits the maximum pressure
Is the maximum pressure achievable the ultimate compressive strength of diamond or it is limited by the compressive or tensile strength of the gasket material ? It would be great if the Principle section could clarify. Rod57 (talk) 18:43, 27 March 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Diamond anvil cell


text:
Sylt Air

Sylt Air GmbH is an airline based at Sylt-Ost, Germany, operating chartered and scheduled flights from Sylt Airport.

History
The company was founded in 1963 by Ulrich Schreiber as Friesenflug. From 1978 until 1998 the Polish pilot Kasimir Samp and his wife Ursula owned the company. In 1998, it was sold to Aeroline. Celebrities like playboy Günter Sachs, actor Charles Brauer, comedian Karl Dall, box-champion Dariusz Michalczewski or designer Brigitte Stohlmann frequently were on board on the scheduled flights from Hamburg.

Destinations
Sylt Air operates summer seasonal scheduled flights between Sylt Airport and Hamburg Airport. It also offers scenic flights around Sylt and the Frisian Islands as well as other charter operations. During the summer time 2023 a connection to Dortmund is going to be established by a new Cessna Caravan turboprop plane.

Fleet
As of April 2023, the Sylt Air fleet includes the following aircraft:

title: Sylt Air


text:
User:Huggy Bear

I am so huggy

title: User:Huggy Bear


text:
Odesa–Brody pipeline

The Odesa–Brody pipeline (also known as Sarmatia pipeline) is a crude oil pipeline between the Ukrainian cities Odesa at the Black Sea, and Brody near the Ukrainian-Polish border. There are plans to expand the pipeline to Płock, and furthermore to Gdańsk in Poland. The pipeline is operated by UkrTransNafta, Ukraine's state-owned oil pipeline company.

History
The usage and direction of Odesa–Brody pipeline is considered to be of considerable geopolitical significance and has thus been the subject of both political disagreement and international pressure. Russia has repeated opposed the flow of oil from Brody to Poland and prefers to have the oil flow in the reverse direction from Russia to Brody and the Port of Pivdenny where the oil will be transported through the Turkish Straits (Bosphorus and Dardanelles) to Europe.

Beginning in 1973, Armand Hammer developed the Port of Pivdenny into the deepest warm water port on the Azov-Black Sea coast able to handle vessels up to a draft of 18.5 m.

The pipeline was originally intended to reach Gdańsk in order to transfer oil from the Caspian Sea (mainly from Kazakhstan) to the Polish Baltic Sea port and from there to the rest of Europe. The Pivdenny maritime terminal west of Yuzhne, a suburb of Odesa, and the pipeline between Odesa and Brody was built in May 2002 by Ukrnaftogazbud and operated by UkrTransNafta. UkrTransNafta was established to develop the commercial attractiveness of the Odesa–Brody pipeline. From 2002 until 2004, flow of oil through the pipeline was idle. However, the pipeline remained unused until 2004.

However, as sufficient capacities of oil supplies were not agreed, on 5 July 2004 the Ukrainian cabinet accepted proposal of Russian oil companies to reverse the pipeline flow, and thus making it transfer Russian oil southwards to the Black Sea and from there to Mediterranean destinations and signed a long term agreement between Russia and Ukraine on August 18, 2004, ensuring the reverse flow of oil. Currently the oil is shipped to the pipeline from the junction of the southern branch of Druzhba pipeline.

Following the Orange Revolution and the election of Yulia Tymoshenko as Prime Minister who on March 5, 2005, announced that the oil would flow from Brody to Europe, Ukraine opposes Russia's plan.

On 24 March 2010, Ukraine's ambassador to Belarus proposed the pipeline begin operating in the averse direction in order to deliver Venezuelan crude to Belarusian refineries.

After the beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian War, the oil pipeline was stopped for two years – from 2014 to 2016.

In March 2020, Ukraine resumed transporting oil from Brody to Belarus and Poland.

Technical features
The current length of the pipeline is 674 km. The pipeline is operated by Ukrtransnafta, and the oil is shipped by TNK-BP. In 2006 TNK-BP pumped 3.42 million tons of oil through the pipeline. In 2007, this volume was exceeded as already during seven month in January–July almost 5.3 million tons of oil were pumped transported.

Expansion
There are ongoing intentions to implement original project. On 13 May 2003, the European Commission declared the Odesa–Brody–Płock oil transportation project as a project of Pan-European interest and the trilateral EU-Ukraine-Poland Joint Expert Working Group (OBP JEWG) was created.

In 2005, after the success of Viktor Yushchenko in the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election and the Orange Revolution, the new government has shown interest in using the pipeline in the direction originally intended, in order to transfer oil from the Caspian to Europe. The pipeline is planned to be prolonged to Płock in Poland, and from there through the existing branch off of the northern branch of Druzhba pipeline to Gdańsk. For developing this project, UkrTransNafta and Poland's pipeline operator PERN Przyjazn SA formed a joint venture Sarmatia sp.z.o.o. on 12 July 2004.

On 27 October 2006 at the European Union-Ukraine summit, the President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko proposed to build an extension via Slovakia to Kralupy refinery in the Czech Republic. On 15 November 2006, the idea was supported by Ukraine's prime minister Viktor Yanukovych.

On 11 May 2007 the presidents of Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Georgia and Azerbaijan, and the special envoy of the president of Kazakhstan agreed on the construction of a pipeline linking existing pipeline with Gdańsk.

On 5 June 2007, at the Gdańsk meeting the intergovernmental working group of the project agreed to expand the composition of shareholders of Sarmatia sp.z.o.o. by companies from Azerbaijan, Georgia and Lithuania. New shareholders since 2007 are Lithuania's Klaipedos Nafta, Georgian Oil and Gas Corporation (GOGC) and the State Oil Company of the Azerbaijani Republic (SOCAR). According to the agreements between the companies, Ukrtransnafta, PERN, SOCAR and GOGC will each own 24.75% of the shares, while Klaipedos Nafta will own 1% of shares.

On 10 October 2007, the agreement forming a pipeline consortium was signed by the presidents of Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Georgia and Azerbaijan at the energy security conference in Vilnius.

title: Odesa–Brody pipeline


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Blunsdon United/archive1

Blunsdon United
Not sure about this article. It has survived a VFD put some of the content seems to be unencyclopedic, and conatins at least one joke (or at least I assume that what the "fine" comment is). Any thoughts on how it can be improved? TigerShark 23:16, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, ruthless deleting. (Of content, that is, not the article.) I was the staunchest supporter of this article when it was on VfD, so I guess I also have the responsibility to show I wasn't wrong. A lot of this simply doesn't belong in an encyclopedia: the quotes section needs to go in its entirety, the "infamous moment" section needs to be drastically trimmed, and many other loose facts need to be coalesced and rewritten. We're an encyclopedia, not a homepage provider. That said, it's not beyond saving. This article is primarily the work of one user, KeithV; I think collaborating with him is the way to go. JRM 23:31, 2005 Apr 16 (UTC)
 * Massive trimming of article and perhaps some expansion. JuntungWu 08:03, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Latoya langford

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 20:25, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

Latoya langford

 * Delete. Not notable.  Fifteen minutes of fame seem like 14 minutes too many, let's not immortalize her.  Google hits, 4 (some of which may not refer to the same Latoya Langford).  -- Mwanner 23:17, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — not a notable individual — RJH 00:25, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, played an important character in Napoleon Dynamite. Failing that, merge. Kappa 03:11, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC) Oops wrong Vfd Kappa 04:57, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutral (subject to restoration of article text). She was not a credited cast member in Napoleon Dynamite according to the Internet Movie Database.  You may be thinking of Shondrella Avery, who was in Napoleon Dynamite but has her own vote for deletion going on now.
 * This comment appears to be posted on the wrong vote page. -- Mwanner 13:36, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 05:29, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Titel

Titel (Тител, Titel) is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District of the province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The town of Titel has a population of 5,247, while the population of the municipality of Titel is 15,738. It is located in southeastern part of the geographical region of Bačka, known as Šajkaška.

Name
In Serbian, the town is known as Titel (Тител), in Hungarian as Titel, in German as Titel (and sometimes Theisshügel), and in Latin as Titulium.

History
The Titel Plateau is an elevated region between the Danube and Tisza rivers, close to the confluence; about 16 x; roughly 80 km2. It has an ellipsoid form and is characterized by steep slopes at the margins. It has a substantial loess cover and is often called the Titel Loess Plateau; the loess on the plateau is considered to contain the most detailed terrestrial palaeoclimate records in Europe, with a thick and apparently continuous record extending to the middle and late Early Pleistocene. It represents a major archaeological site at the Danube-Tisza confluence with prehistoric and ancient findings.

Early medieval sources are scarce. Slavs are mentioned in the area in the late seventh and early eighth century, while Magyars (Hungarians) settled the Pannonian Plain in 896, already in the next century holding the Tisa-Danube confluence. Grand Prince Árpád (r. 895–907) is believed to have defeated the Bulgars (Salan) at Titel. Titel was an important strategical location, and was included in the Bács County. Ladislaus I of Hungary (r. 1077–95) and his brother Lampert founded an Augustinian monastery here. On 17 October 1389 a Clement was inscribed at the Vienna University, who in Titel taught reading and cantillation.

In the 1400s, Titel belonged to the Serbian despot Đurađ Branković. In 1439 Albert II's army awaited in Titel military aid from the county to help Đurađ Branković defend Smederevo, but the aid never arrived.

From 1526, the town was part of the Ottoman Empire. According to the first Ottoman census from 1546, the town had 87 houses, of which most were Serb, three were Croat, one Hungarian, and one Vlach. The duke of the town was Vuk Radić. That census recorded that five of the citizens were immigrants, meaning that others lived there before Ottomans conquered the town.

In the outset of the Ottoman rule, the town had one Orthodox and one Catholic church. In the first quarter of the 17th century, the town had three mosques, two tekkes and three medreses.

From 1699, the town was part of the Habsburg monarchy. It was included in the Habsburg Military Frontier. Between 1750 and 1763, the town was under civil administration (in the Batsch-Bodrog County of the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary), until it was returned to the jurisdiction of the Military Frontier (Šajkaš Battalion). Between 1763 and 1873, it was the headquarters of the Šajkaš Battalion which, using small armed vessels on the Danube, defended the Austrian border from Turkish attack. However, as early as 1750, the riverboat patrols, manned by the Šajkaš regiments, had begun to operate at Titel.

When the Military Frontier was abolished, the Serbs emigrated to Russia in massive numbers. At that time, Banat and the Šajkaš area slowly began to lose its distinctive Serbian character. Hungarians, Germans, Slovaks, Ruthenians and others began to move into the region.

In 1848 and 1849, Titel was part of Serbian Vojvodina, a Serb autonomous region within the Habsburg Empire. Between 1849 and 1872, it was again part of the Military Frontier, and after 1872, it came under civil administration as a part of the Bács-Bodrog County within the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary (part of Austria-Hungary).

In 1910 there were 5,792 inhabitants: 2,413 Serbs and 1,858 Hungarians. By religion, there were 2,353 Serbian Orthodox; 2,479 Roman Catholics; and 89 Jews.

After 1918, the town became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and subsequent South Slavic states. During the World War II Hungarian occupation, in a 1942 raid, 51 inhabitants of the town were murdered, of whom 45 were men, 1 child, and 5 old people. By nationality, victims included 49 Serbs, and 1 Jew.

Inhabited places
Titel municipality encompasses the town of Titel, and the following villages:

 * Vilovo
 * Gardinovci
 * Lok
 * Mošorin
 * Šajkaš

Demographics
As of 2011 census, the municipality of Titel has a population of 15,738 inhabitants.

Ethnic groups
The total population of the Titel municipality was 15,738, including:
 * 13,615 Serbs (86.51%)
 * 822 Hungarians (5.22%)
 * 264 Romani (1.68%)
 * 1037 other and undeclared.

All settlements in the municipality have an ethnic Serb majority.

Economy
The following table gives a preview of total number of employed people per their core activity (as of 2017):

Notable people

 * Svetozar Miletić (1826–1901), advocate, politician, mayor of Novi Sad, the political leader of Serbs in Vojvodina. He was born in the village Mošorin in Titel municipality.
 * Mileva Marić (1875–1948), Serbian mathematician, and Albert Einstein's first wife. She was born in Titel.
 * Isidora Sekulić (1877–1958), writer. She was born in the village of Mošorin in the Titel municipality.
 * Dušan "Duško" Popov, Serb double agent, on whom author Ian Fleming based his character James Bond.
 * Dragomir Lalin (1924-2013), was born in Titel. He was a Serbian dissident, under the regime of Josip Broz Tito. Dragomir Lalin was the founder of Milan Vidak wire factory and Garant auto engine parts factory in Futog.

title: Titel


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Stalinists (0th nomination)

List of Stalinists

 *  Delete Keep Page looks more sensible now. --DuKot 23:18, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, sorry I must have entered the wrong string in when looking for it, my bad . Cannot find this category. TDC 23:21, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Very few people have called themselves Stalinists. It is a slur thrown at people, and very few people called themselves Stalinist.  Paul Robeson was called a Stalinist by some, and a nigger by some (often the same "some").  This is like making a "List of Niggers" and listing Oprah Winfrey, Martin Luther King Jr., Colin Powell and whatnot on it. Ruy Lopez 06:18, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ruy brings up a very good point. Mo0 [ talk ] 06:25, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. My original vote on this article stands.  I don't think Wikipedia needs such a list, whether or not it's a big list.  I don't really see the point of this other than to attract vandalism. Mo0 [ talk ] 06:31, 3 May 2005 (UTC)
 * It has never been vandalized and provides convenient access to articles about people who are or have been Stalinists. George W. Bush is the biggest vandalism and POV war target on Wikipedia and nobody's proposing to delete it. Gazpacho 07:14, 3 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not trying to say that any article that's a vandalism target needs to get deleted. I'm just saying that I don't see the point of having such a list here.  It just seems to have little purpose. Mo0 [ talk ] 15:08, 3 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep While it is true that "very few people have called themselves Stalinist" very few people have called themselves neoconservatives, but we have a quite large and active category for that, List of people described as neoconservatives. TDC 16:22, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Point taken. However, the key difference between this article and that one is that a list of people described as Neoconservatives is much more NPOV than simply a list of neoconservatives.  The first one is saying "This is a list of people who may or may not be neoconservative, but are widely viewed as such", and the second one is saying "This is a list of people who are neoconservative, no questions asked".  The first is much more NPOV. Mo0 [ talk ] 17:26, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Fair enough. New page created List of people described as Stalinists.TDC 17:57, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete regardless what you call it. I would vote to delete List of people described as niggers too. The neocon thing should also be deleted. Nominate it, message me on my talkpage and I will vote against it too. Grace Note 00:40, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep . I went in and edited to add some people who I think would unambiguously be on such a list. I encourage those who have already voted to take a look. I know that lists like this are problematic, but they can be useful. I took most of these names from the (in my opinion) more problematic List of people described as Stalinists. -- Jmabel | Talk 03:59, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Revise to unqualified keep, this is shaping up to a rather good list, under the (sometimes benevolent) pressure of VFD. -- Jmabel | Talk 05:07, May 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep, useful list. Was empty when nominated, so claims of POV seem hypothetical. Gazpacho 01:48, 3 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. What Ruy Lopez said. El_C 06:18, 3 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It is indeed better than it was, but it will continue to be a magnet for POV pushers. The handful of people listed here should be referenced in the Stalinism article, in context. -- Viajero 21:02, 8 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. POV magnet. Gamaliel 21:43, 8 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Everyking 01:15, 16 May 2005 (UTC)