text: User talk:172.202.35.186

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:172.202.35.186


text: Talk:Moses the Black

title: Talk:Moses the Black


text:
Toyota Pro/Celebrity Race

The Toyota Pro/Celebrity Race was an annual 10-lap auto race held each April from 1977 until 2016 as part of the United States Grand Prix West, and later the Toyota Grand Prix of Long Beach weekend at Long Beach, California. Beginning in 1991, the event raised money for "Racing for Kids," a national fund-raising program benefiting children's hospitals in Long Beach and Orange County.

The TPCR pitted celebrities against professional racers from various types of motor racing. They raced in identically prepared cars built by Toyota or Toyota owned Scion. From its inception until 2005, the drivers drove showroom stock Toyota Celicas. Scion tCs were used from 2006 to 2012, and the Scion FR-S began use in 2013. Celebrity contestants ranged from Hollywood's "A-list" elite, budding young stars and starlets, professional sports figures, local Southern California television and radio personalities and selected Toyota dealers. One seat was put up for auction, the high bidder for which also participated in the race. Often, a member of the broadcast team for the feature race would race in the event; Ken Squier, Paul Page, Jack Arute, and Jamie Little (the 2008 winner) have all participated in the race while broadcasting the feature.

All celebrities were given thorough practice, safety, and training sessions before competing, and no serious injuries occurred, despite a large number of crashes throughout the years. Several celebrities who have taken part in the TPCR have gone on to take up auto racing as a part-time hobby or as team owners.

The celebrities received a 30-second head start to begin the race against the professionals and past champions. In 2015, actor Alfonso Ribeiro won while classed as a pro (thus starting with a 30-second handicap) and thereby became the third driver to have won the event in both "celebrity" and "pro" classifications, after Adam Carolla in 2013 and Sean Patrick Flanery in 1997/1998.

On March 11, 2016 it was announced that the 2016 running of the event would be the final event due to Toyota moving its headquarters from nearby Torrance to Texas.

Winners

* = overall champion

* - = winner has changed their name since winning race. Their name shown is their current name.

 * James (1978) and Josh (2000) Brolin is the only father-son combination to win the celebrity portion of the event. However, Josh had the distinction of being an overall winner, unlike his father.
 * The Unsers and the Jones' are the only father-son combination to win the Pro portion of the event, with Parnelli Jones winning multiple times.
 * Paul Moyer, at the time of his 1988 win, was a news anchor with KABC-TV in Los Angeles.
 * After Amato's win, Grand Prix officials required NHRA drag racers to race as professionals.
 * After Alfonso Ribeiro won two consecutive races, TGPLB rules required past celebrity winners must race as professionals.
 * For the 20th Anniversary race in 1996, there were no professional drivers.
 * Tom Rudnai is general manager of a local Toyota dealership
 * Three times, the play-by-play announcer for the main event was in the Pro/Celebrity race – Paul Page twice (once raced against his own pit reporter, Jack Arute), and Ken Squier in the early years, when it was the United States Grand Prix West.

title: Toyota Pro/Celebrity Race


text:
USS Buck

USS Buck has been the name of more than one United States Navy ship, and may refer to:

 * USS Buck (SP-1355), a ship's tender in commission from 1917 to 1918
 * USS Buck (DD-420), a destroyer commissioned in 1939 and sunk in 1943
 * USS Buck (DD-761), a destroyer in commission from 1946 to 1973

title: USS Buck


text:
William Babington (physician)

William Babington FRS FGS (21 May 1756 – 29 April 1833) was an Anglo-Irish physician and mineralogist.

Life and work
William Babington was born in Portglenone, near Coleraine, Antrim, Ireland. He was the son of Rev. Humphrey Babington, the great-great-grandson of Brutus Babington (sent to Ireland by James VI and I), and his wife Anne (née Buttle). Apprenticed to a practitioner at Londonderry, and afterwards completed his medical education at Guy's Hospital, London, but without at that time taking a medical degree. In 1777 he was made assistant surgeon to Haslar (Naval) Hospital, and held this appointment for four years. He then obtained the position of apothecary to Guy's Hospital, and also lectured on chemistry in the medical school. He resigned the post of apothecary, and, having obtained the necessary degree of MD from the University of Aberdeen in 1795. in 1796 he joined Dr William Saunders at Guy's Hospital in London as his assistant and in 1802/3 (at Saunder's recommendation) replaced Saunders as head Physician. Babington was physician to Guy's Hospital from 1795 to 1811. He was a founder member of the Geological Society of London and served as president from 1822 to 1824. He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1805.

He was the curator for the enormous mineral collection of John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute. When Bute died in 1792, Babington bought the collection. The mineral Babingtonite is named after him.

William and Martha Elizabeth Babington were married before 1794, and had four sons and four daughters between 1794 and 1810. Babington died on 29 April 1833 and was buried at St. Mary Aldermanbury in London. He left a son, Benjamin Guy Babington, also physician to Guy's Hospital, and a daughter, Martha, who married the physician Richard Bright.

A statue of Babington by William Behnes (1795–1864) is in St Paul's Cathedral in London.

Anthony Babington, the Irish politician was a direct descendant.

Selected publications

 * "A Systematic Arrangement of Minerals, founded on the joint consideration of their chemical, physical and external characters; reduced to the form of tables." (1796) London, T. Cox.
 * "A New System of Mineralogy, in the form of a Catalogue, after the manner of Baron Born’s Systematic Catalogue of the collection of fossils of Mlle Éléonore de Raab". (1799) London, T. Bensley. (Referring to Ignaz von Born's catalogue of the collection of Austrian collector Éléonore de Raab )

title: William Babington (physician)


text: Category:Compositions by Camille Saint-Saëns


text:
User:Pabos

April 16,2005

Hi,

As a newcomer to Wikipedia on a contrbutor basis, forgive me if my entries are not the quality that is expected. My name is Rob Townsend and I live in Orange Beach, Alabama.

I was born in Brooklyn, New York on December 20,1953. I went to elementary school in Commack, NY and moved to Rochester, NY in 1965. I was an active member of the First Unitarian Church there since 1978.

I am the proud father of two daughters that currently live in New York and have careers in nursing and music therapy.

I moved to Orange Beach after my 45 year career in machining and manufacturing engineering ended when the company I worked for downsized and eventually moved to Quebec City, Quebec Canada.

My house was virtually destroyed by the storm surge that accompanied hurricane Ivan, and I am currently in the process of getting my life back together.

I currently work in purchasing at Brett/Robinson.

I have made edits to wikipedia, and would like to contribute my knowledge about my interests and professions to enhance WikipediA.

--links--

 * 1) Unitarian Universalist Association
 * 2) Manufacturing Engineering at NIST
 * 3) Rochester Institute of Technology
 * 4) City Of Orange Beach, AL
 * 5) Brett/Robinson

title: User:Pabos


text:
Zagwe dynasty

The Zagwe dynasty (ዛጔ መንግሥት) was a medieval Agaw monarchy that ruled the northern parts of Ethiopia and Eritrea. The Agaw are a Cushitic ethnic group native to the northern highlands of Ethiopia and neighboring Eritrea. Centered at Roha (later named Lalibela), it ruled large parts of the territory from approximately 1137 to 1270 AD, when the last Zagwe King Za-Ilmaknun was killed in battle by the forces of the Amhara King Yekuno Amlak. The Zagwe are most famous for their king Gebre Meskel Lalibela, who is credited with having ordered the construction of the rock-hewn monolithic churches of Lalibela.

The name "Zagwe" is thought to derive from the ancient Ge'ez phrase Ze-Agaw, meaning "of the Agaw", in reference to the Mara Tekle Haymanot, the founder of the dynasty. This term does not appear in contemporary sources, neither in indigenous documents nor in accounts of foreign observers.

David Buxton has stated that the areas under the direct rule of the Zagwe kings apart from the centre of power in Lasta "probably embraced the highlands of modern Eritrea, Tigray, Wag and Bete Amhara and thence westwards towards Lake Tana (Begemder)." Unlike the practice of later rulers of Ethiopia, Taddesse Tamrat argues that under the Zagwe dynasty the order of succession was that of brother succeeding brother as king, based on the Agaw laws of inheritance.

History
According to one tradition, around 960, Queen Gudit destroyed the remnants of the Kingdom of Aksum, causing a shift in its temporal power centre that later regrouped more to the south. For 40 years she ruled over what remained of the kingdom, eventually passing on the throne to her descendants, with Mara marrying the daughter of the last king of Aksum, Dil Na'od. According to other Ethiopian traditional accounts, the last of her dynasty was overthrown by Mara Takla Haymanot in 1137. Still more, according to another tradition, Mara was born in the province of Lasta, which was his power base. Originally a general of Dil Na'od, whose daughter Masoba Warq became his wife, Mara overthrew his father-in-law to found the new dynasty. James Bruce, on the other hand, presents another tradition that Dil Na'od was overthrown by Gudit, and that Mara Takla Haymanot (whom Bruce calls "Takla Haymanot") was a cousin of Gudit who succeeded her after several of her own family.

Three inscriptions discovered in Axum mention the names of two kings, Dabra Ferem and his son Hasani Dan'el, who were Christian but are not recorded on Ethiopian regnal lists. The first inscription tells how Hasani Dan'el attacked rebel tribes in Kassala and claims that he conquered thirty peoples. The second inscription tells how the people of Welkait rebelled and laid waste to Axum, and in response he carried off large numbers of cattle and other animals from them. Dan'el then went to the country of the Maya and took 10,000 sheep and 3,000 cattle. The third inscription tells of how Dan'el went to Axum after his campaigns to be acknowledged as king and imprisoned the old king. It is difficult to date the reigns of these kings, but it likely occurred in the early 10th century when the power of the Solomonic line was in decline. Enno Littmann theorized that these kings were forerunners of the Zagwe dynasty and E.A. Wallis Budge believed they may have even founded the Zagwe line.

The Zagwe period is still shrouded in mystery; even the number of kings in this dynasty is disputed. Some sources (such as the Paris Chronicle, and manuscripts Bruce 88, 91, and 93) give the names of eleven kings who ruled for 354 years; others (among them the book Pedro Páez and Manuel de Almeida saw at Axum) list only five who ruled 143. Paul B. Henze reports the existence of at least one list containing 16 names.

According to Carlo Conti Rossini, the shorter mooted length of this dynasty is the more likely one. He argues that a letter received by the Patriarch of Alexandria John V shortly before 1150 from an unnamed Ethiopian monarch, in which the Patriarch is asked for a new abuna because the current office holder was too old, was from Mara Takla Haymanot, who wanted the abuna replaced because he would not endorse the new dynasty. The mystery of the Zagwe dynasty is perhaps darkest around its replacement by the Solomonic dynasty under Yekuno Amlak. The name of the last Zagwe king is lost—the surviving chronicles and oral traditions give his name as Za-Ilmaknun, which is clearly a pseudonym (Taddesse Tamrat translates it as "The Unknown, the hidden one"), employed soon after his reign by the victorious Solomonic rulers in an act of damnatio memoriae. Taddesse Tamrat believes that this last ruler was actually Yetbarak. The end of the Zagwe came when Yekuno Amlak, who never personally claimed to be descendant of Dil Na'od or King Solomon, and acting under the guidance of either Saint Tekle Haymanot or Saint Iyasus Mo'a, pursued the last king of the Zagwe and killed him at the Battle of Ansata.

Royal title

In his land grants of 1204 and 1225, Lalibela called himself negus ("king"), which was the traditional title for Ethiopian kings. Besides negus he also called himself hasani, which means as much as "tutor", "nurse" or "counselor". This title first appeared in a 10th-century account by Ibn Hawqal describing an anonymous Ethiopian king, but also features in two undated Ge'ez inscriptions and the land grant of king Tantawedem in c. 1030. Lalibela's land grants are the last time hasani is associated with the king. By the reign of Amda Seyon in the first half of the 14th century it was used to denote a provincial governor.

Like the kings of Aksum who preceded them, the Zagwe kings bore three names: a baptismal name, a regnal name and finally the surname.

Foreign relations

Unlike Aksum, the Zagwe were virtually unknown to the contemporary powers of the Mediterranean. The only regular relations seem to have been maintained with Egypt and Jerusalem. Although their presence is often claimed to have been of considerable antiquity, it is only in the 11th and 12th centuries when Ethiopians are firmly attested to have lived in Egypt. A rare testament for their presence during the reign of the Zagwe is a fragmentary manuscript written in Ge'ez that was recently discovered in the Monastery of Saint Anthony, dating to the mid-12th to mid-13th centuries.

The earliest sources confirming an Ethiopian community in Jerusalem date to the second half of the 13th century. Yet it is still probable that Ethiopians had lived there before. In the late 12th century, King Lalibela's knowledge of the town was sufficient enough to have inspired him during the expansion of his capital, adopting Jerusalem's form, attributions and toponyms.

Islam
According to Muslim tradition, the companions of the Prophet briefly lived in Ethiopia in 622 after being exiled from Mecca in the First Hijra. However, there is no archaeological evidence for this. There is, however, evidence for a Muslim community in eastern Tigray during the Zagwe period, possibly being Shiites depending on Fatimid patronage. Arabic funerary steles discovered near Qwiha confirm the presence of a Musli settlement between the 10th and 12th century, although its whereabouts are still unclear. Recent excavations at nearby Bilet found a Muslim cemetery in use from the late 10th to the mid-13th century, although most tombstones date to the 11th century. The nisbas of the deceased suggest links with Egypt, the Arabian Peninsula, and even Iran. Another Islamic cemetery was found at Arra 30 km southwards and was used between the mid-12th and mid-14th century, with most tombstones dating to the 13th century. A now broken frieze with a Kufic inscription stored in the Wukro Chirkos church probably dates to the second half of the 11th century and may have originally been from a mosque, perhaps sponsored by the Fatimid Caliphate. Tigray's Muslim community declined from the 12th century because of the collapse of the Fatimids and, if the land grant by king Tantawedem is to be believed, its dispossession by the Zagwe.

List of kings
Surviving chronicles and manuscripts show variation in the number of kings and their individual length of reign. There are three main versions of the Zagwe line that are recorded, known as the 'short', 'long' and 'longer' lists.

Short list
Example list recorded by Pedro Páez contains 5 names. Approximate dates: c. 1179–1270 (141 years).
 * Mara Takla Haymanot (13 years)
 * Yemrehana Krestos (40 years)
 * Lalibela (40 years)
 * Na'akueto La'ab (40 years)
 * Harbai (8 years)

Long list
Example list below recorded by Carlo Conti Rossini contains 11 names. This version of the Zagwe dynasty was recorded on the 1922 regnal list. Approximate dates: c. 916–1270 (354 years).
 * Mara Takla Haymanot (3 years) (The 1922 regnal list records 13 years of rule.)
 * Tatadim (40 years)
 * Jan Seyum (40 years)
 * Germa Seyum (40 years)
 * Yemrehana Krestos (40 years)
 * Kedus Harbe (40 years)
 * Lalibela (40 years)
 * Na'akueto La'ab (48 years) (The 1922 regnal list records 40 years of rule.)
 * Yetbarak (40 years) (The 1922 regnal list records 17 years of rule.)
 * Mairari (15 years) (Omitted from some versions of the long list. )
 * Harbai (8 years) (Omitted from some versions of the long list. )

Longer list
This list contains 16 names. Approximate dates: c. 937–1270 (333 years).
 * Mara Takla Haymanot (13 years)
 * Sibuhay (Dil Na'od II) (10 years) (not to be confused with the Axumite king Dil Na'od.)
 * Mairari (15 years)
 * Harbai (8 years)
 * Mengisine Yitbarek I (7 years)
 * Yi'kebke Egzi (10 years)
 * Zena Petros (6 years)
 * Bahr Saf (14 years)
 * Tatadim (Ser Asagad) (10 years)
 * Akotet (Jan Seyum) (20 years)
 * Be'mnet (Germa Seyum) (20 years)
 * Yemrehana Krestos (40 years)
 * Gebre Maryam (Kedus Harbe) (40 years)
 * Lalibela (40 years)
 * Na'akueto La'ab (40 years)
 * Yetbarak II (40 years)

title: Zagwe dynasty


text:
USS Bush

Two ships of the United States Navy have been named Bush, in honor of William Sharp Bush.

 * USS Bush (DD-166), a Wickes-class destroyer, which served from 1919 until 1922.
 * USS Bush (DD-529), was a Fletcher-class destroyer, which served from 1943 until she was sunk off Okinawa, 6 April 1945.

title: USS Bush


text:
Pope Park (Hartford, Connecticut)

Pope Park is a public park in Hartford, Connecticut.

Description and history
Land for the park was donated to the city in 1895 by Colonel Albert Augustus Pope for use by his employees and city residents. Pope was the founder of Pope Manufacturing Company, which built automobiles and bicycles, including the Columbia bicycle. The park was landscaped by the Olmsted Brothers design firm starting in 1898.

The Olmsted Brothers completed the park in 1903, which was the year of Frederick Law Olmsted's death; his son and nephew completed the work. Originally the park's western boundary was defined by the Park River, which was straightened and diverted underground beneath the park in the 1940s. The park consisted of 90.5 acre laid out in three sections:

 * Hollowmead, the park's southern section, was the largest, consisting of 73 acres.
 * Bankside Grove, north of Park Street, consisted 13 acres laid out along the Park River.
 * The smallest section was 4 acres,separated from Bankside Grove by Park Terrace.

The Olmsteds conceived Pope Park as part of a system of seven parks to be built as a ring around the perimeter of Hartford. Other parks in this system included Goodwin Park, Keney Park, Riverside Park, and Colt Park.

Interstate 84 was built through Pope Park in 1969, cutting off Pope Park West from the Lower Mead.

In 2002, a new Master Plan was commissioned by the Friends of Pope Park; most of this work was completed by 2009. Pope Park Drive, which had bisected the Hollowmead, was removed, and paths were resurfaced and redesigned.

In 2016, Pope Park was to undergo a major cleanup to remove litter, waste and overgrown vegetation.

title: Pope Park (Hartford, Connecticut)


text:
User:Monkey16

Hello, I am Ayla, and I edit pages....sometimes. If you disagree with me, email me at neon_monkey16@yahoo.com

title: User:Monkey16


text:
Managed code

Managed code is computer program code that requires and will execute only under the management of a Common Language Infrastructure (CLI); Virtual Execution System (VES); virtual machine, e.g. .NET, CoreFX, or .NET Framework; Common Language Runtime (CLR); or Mono. The term was coined by Microsoft.

Managed code is the compiler output of source code written in one of over twenty high-level programming languages, including C#, J# and Visual Basic .NET.

Terminology
The true and fine distinction between managed and unmanaged code is prevalent and only relevant when developing applications that interact with CLR implementations. Since many older programming languages have been ported to the CLR, the differentiation is needed to identify managed code, especially in a mixed setup. In this context, code that does not rely on the CLR is termed "unmanaged".

A source of confusion was created when Microsoft started connecting the .NET Framework with C++, and the choice of how to name the Managed Extensions for C++. It was first named Managed C++ and then renamed to C++/CLI. The creator of the C++ programming language and member of the C++ standards committee, Bjarne Stroustrup, even commented on this issue, "On the difficult and controversial question of what the CLI binding/extensions to C++ is to be called, I prefer C++/CLI as a shorthand for 'The CLI extensions to ISO C++'. Keeping C++ as part of the name reminds people what is the base language and will help keep C++ a proper subset of C++ with the C++/CLI extensions."

Uses
The Microsoft Visual C++ compiler can produce both managed code, running under CLR, or unmanaged binaries, running directly on Windows.

Benefits of using managed code include programmer convenience (by increasing the level of abstraction, creating smaller models) and enhanced security guarantees, depending on the platform (including the VM implementation). There are many historical examples of code running on virtual machines, such as the language UCSD Pascal using p-code, and the operating system Inferno from Bell Labs using the Dis virtual machine. Java popularized this approach with its bytecode executed by the Java virtual machine.

Google also mention that Java and Kotlin are managed code in their Android NDK JNI documents

title: Managed code


text:
Talk:Adolf Lu Hitler Marak

Untitled
Does this man really need a page on here? He's on here just because his name is "Adolf Lu Hitler Marak"

 * Cabinet ministers in state or provincial governments are notable, and he served in two portfolios in two governments. Samaritan 16:41, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

 * It's a pretty real concern: googling for the article title seems to get little but WP mirrors.  Is he more commonly knows as "Adolf Hitler Marak"?  That gets even fewer google hits, but at least some non-WP ones.  Alai 29 June 2005 01:09 (UTC)

lol

Its such as bad idea to include names like his. Factors like contribution to society (in terms of arts, culture, economy etc) should be criteria, not because someone is (or was) a politician or he has an interesting name.

mathew

Lets delete this name. Period.

mms

Nah. If Wikipedia didn't have any humor, we'll all be screwed. 08:41, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

Your sense of humor should be sensitive to the people. FYI, Adolf being referred to was a corrupt politician. mms

well, being a corrupt politician makes him evan more notable. (sorry, if that is what you were trying to get across, it is hard to tell) --202.161.1.167 14:26, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Which part of the name is his first name and which is his surname? Is he Mr. Hitler Marak or Mr. Marak? J I P | Talk 07:15, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

And here I was, thinking that "Adolf Hitler" was one of those names that was just never going to be used ever again. -- Phoeba WrightOBJECTION! 08:35, 19 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, Hitler is certainly never going to be used again, as it was rare enough in the first place. (It was a rather innovative misspelling of "Hüttler", or something.) But I don't see why Adolf couldn't be used again. J I P  | Talk 17:30, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

Why did he say christen? Is he not a Hindu? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.46.79.26 (talk) 22:54, 21 June 2009 (UTC)

No, he is a Christian like most of the tribal groups in his area. 86.146.194.39 (talk) 14:10, 26 May 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Adolf Lu Hitler Marak


text:
Car Dyke

The Car Dyke was, and to a large extent still is, a long ditch which runs along the western edge of the Fens in eastern England for a distance of over 57 mi. It is generally accepted as being of Roman age and, for many centuries, to have been taken as marking the western edge of the Fens. The name derives from carr, a fourteenth-century word for marsh or drained land.

History
The Car Dyke is a ditch that runs through the counties of Lincolnshire and Cambridgeshire. The main section starts close to the River Witham at Washingborough, near Lincoln and runs in a generally southerly direction to Fengate on the River Nene, near Peterborough. A second artificial watercourse, also known as Car Dyke, runs for 5 mi from Setchel Fen on the Old West River, part of the River Great Ouse system, southwards to Waterbeach on the River Cam. The northern section is around 57 mi long, and is by far the longest artificial waterway constructed by the Romans in Britain, while it is also longer than any known Roman navigational canals on continental Europe.

There are no known contemporary records relating to its construction or use. The ditch is obviously artificial, since it runs from north to south, whereas all the natural drainage of the area runs from west to east, and it roughly follows the 10 ft contour. William Stukeley, writing in the eighteenth century, was the first person to describe it as a Roman-era canal used for transporting goods. Excavations on the southern section at Waterbeach in the 1990s by the archaeology unit of Cambridgeshire County Council found what were seen as the remains of a Roman-era boat and a cargo of pottery from Horningsea. This stretch, where significant archaeological deposits are likely to remain, has been protected as a scheduled monument. The northern channel near Baston was found to have a navigable width of 40 ft and a depth of 6.5 ft when archaeological excavation was carried out in the 1980s. The southern section had a similar depth but was somewhat wider at around 66 ft.

Stukeley argued that the two parts of the Car Dyke were connected together, and acted as a transport route supplying grain to Lincoln, York and military settlements further north. No evidence of rivers or artificial cuts to form the link between Peterborough and the Great Ouse at Setchel Fen has been found, and this idea has been rejected. The map of Roman Britain shows a waterway heading south-eastwards from Peterborough, known as Cnut's Dyke, but it stops before it reaches Ramsey. Although Dannell provides evidence that Cnut's Dyke is of Roman origin, his Cnut's Dyke is also known as King's Dyke, an old course of the River Nene. Bond states that there is no evidence to support a Roman date for Cnut's Dyke, and that it was probably built in the tenth century, to facilitate the construction of Ramsey Abbey.

Transport and hydrology
An assessment by Historic England states that in the Romano-British economy Car Dyke was significant both as a transport system and as a means of drainage, saving large parts of the Fens from flooding. Its importance is indicated by the large and organised labour force, either a civilian undertaking organised by Iceni tribal leaders or from the military, needed to build it.

Movement of goods
Excavations have found coal from the Midlands in use at a cluster of Roman-era coal-burning forges sited between Cambridge and The Wash and these provide evidence of trade and transport along the Car Dyke. Return cargoes were grain to supply the garrison at York, prepared for transport and storage by drying in coal kilns, and pottery. At its northern end accounts of Roman Britain describe it as an extension of the Foss Dyke, an accepted transport route. Near Morton, Lincolnshire, a boatload of dressed quarry stone, identified with the mediaeval period, has been discovered in the canal bed.

Drainage
In some sections the topography suggests that its use as a canal was unlikely or at least difficult: the segment which ran through the Soke of Peterborough rises from the River Nene to a ridge at Eye before falling to the River Welland. This it does in steady gradients, quite unlike the characteristics of a canal designed for transport. Its course makes it clear that this outcome was carefully planned. At some level sections in Lincolnshire it has causeways of never-disturbed ground crossing it and it passes in gradients, up and down the sides of slight ridges. Given the length of the canal, however, modern surveyors suggest that the original engineers may not have been able to keep the canal at a constant level (due to surveying difficulties or lack of budget to excavate deeper). Natural barriers may therefore have been left in place to partition the canal into sections, maintaining the required depth of water, with goods transhipped or boats dragged across the barriers. They may also have been a deliberate precaution against the whole section drying out in summer. The archaeologist Grahame Clark established that gravel causeways at Cottenham originated only after the canal had gone out of use for transport, no earlier than the fourth century, as a precaution against flooding.

The dyke acts as a catchwater drain in parts, intercepting runoff from the higher ground to the west. However, the southern half of its passage through Lincolnshire and its northern end, near Washingborough, have a raised bank on each side; the one on the upland side would not be a feature well adapted to a catchwater drain. Those near Washingborough still survive to a height of over 3 ft, and would have prevented surface water entering the canal. Evidence of seventeenth-century improvements to form part of local drainage schemes has been identified, overlying material from the Roman period.

Archaeological investigation funded by English Heritage on a section of the dyke near Waterbeach suggests that the effect of both deliberate re-cuts in the late Roman period to improve land drainage, and the natural flows of surface water along some sections of the route, resulted in the change of use from transport to agricultural improvement.

Boundary
It is possible to trace features that could be interpreted as boundaries all round The Fens which are either of Roman date or natural. In c.120 AD the Roman emperor Hadrian visited Britain and the sections dating from this period may be associated with his plan to settle the Fens. The exception is in the south-east of the Fens where the landscape was manually strip mined for coprolite, a source of phosphate used to enrich agricultural soils. The coprolite was found in a seam of Cambridge Greensand, and the industry thrived in the latter half of the 19th century, destroying any evidence of boundary features, before the days of detailed mapping and aerial photography. One conclusion, though given the conflicts in the surviving evidence one not reached by everyone, is that overall the dyke was used primarily as a boundary, (as part of it in south Lincolnshire undoubtedly was in the medieval period) but that parts were adapted to serve also as a catchwater drain.

Route
The 92 km northern part of the Car Dyke from Lincoln to Peterborough is reasonably easy to follow with earthworks extant upon the ground or from cropmarks visible from the air. It is marked on the Ordnance Survey map of Roman Britain and was shown on the first edition maps by the Ordnance Survey produced in 1824. Much of it is still marked on the modern 1:25,000 map and the 1:2,500 map. The southern section from Peterborough to Waterbeach is not so easy to follow. The 2001 map of Roman Britain shows the dyke from Peterborough terminating to the north of Ramsey, with an isolated section running on the same alignment northwards from Waterbeach on the River Cam. The short section between Waterbeach and the Cam (also known as The Old Tillage, a name deriving from a dialect word for loading and unloading) is of established Roman-era origin.

At the northern end, the first recognisable remains are to the north of the B1190 road through Washingborough, where the south bank runs between gardens and allotments. Material from the north bank was used to construct new banks for the River Witham in the early 19th century, as part of a project to replace the original locks at Kirkstead and Barlings with new locks at Stamp End and Bardney, authorised by an Act of Parliament obtained in 1808. There are then six short sections which are listed as scheduled monuments, with gaps due to the construction of houses and a community centre on the line of the remains. Its course then turns to the south-east, running parallel to the B1190, as it heads through Branston Booths, passing the end of Branston Delph and Carr-Dyke Farm, one of many similarly named farms along its length, to reach Potterhanworth Booths. Much of its route has become part of the modern land-drainage infrastructure, and so the remains are not particularly well preserved.

It then heads broadly southwards across open countryside and forms the eastern boundary of Potterhanworth Wood. In Nocton Fen it passes to the east of the site of Nocton Park Priory, and then there is another scheduled section, bordered to the west by Nocton Wood, and connected to Nocton Delph, which flows eastwards to the River Witham. In Metheringham Fen it turns to the east, and there are two short scheduled section after Blankney Wood, divided by the buildings of Oak Tree Farm. It then resumes its southward passage, and after Carrdyke Farm, there is another scheduled section. It passes to the east of Martin and the western end of Timberland Delph, before following a large S-shaped course to the east of Timberland. Immediately afterwards there are two more scheduled sections, one to the north of Fen Road, Timberland and the second to the south.

The dyke passes to the east of Walcott and along the northern and eastern edge of Billinghay, where it joins Billinghay Skirth, which drains into the River Witham. The continuation of Billinghay Skirth to the south-west uses the course of Car Dyke, and when it turns to the west near North Kyme, Car Dyke continues southwards, running along the western edge of North Kyme to reach the River Slea at Ferry Bridge. The River Slea makes a right-angled turn at the junction, and then turns to the east again, with Car Dyke continuing southwards, and now part of Midfodder Dike. Its course has then been reused by Hodge Dyke, which again makes a right-angled turn at the junction, until it crosses Heckington Eau, which becomes Head Dike as it continues eastwards. Continuing to the south, it reaches Littleworth Drove, where a house has been built over the remains. It passes under the A17 road, and then Carterplot Road runs parallel to it. It is crossed by the East Midlands Railway line from Sleaford to Swineshead, Little Hale Drove, where there is another Car Dyke farm, Helperingham Eau, North Drove and the Sleaford to Spalding railway line.

At the railway crossing, it turns to the west and then the south west, where there is another scheduled section. It runs to the east of Swaton, with Cardyke Farm to its east, and continues past Horbling and Billingborough until it is crossed by Billingborough Lode, which drains into the South Forty-Foot Drain. There is a large moated site by the junction. Near Pointon, it is crossed by Fen Road, Pointon Lode and Millthorpe Drove, while near Dunsby there is another Car Dyke Farm. Soon its course is joined by Rippingale Running Dike, and between Haconby and Morton there is another Cardyke Farm, before the Car Dyke passes through a small village called Dyke, where there is another scheduled section.

At Bourne the dyke makes right-angled turns to the east and then the south, to join Bourne Eau, which continues westwards to the centre of the town, where the Car Dyke turns to the south and weaves its way between housing. Soon it is back in open countryside, passing to the east of Thurlby where 210 yd of earthworks in Park Wood are scheduled, before crossing the River Glen just to the east of Kate's Bridge. Its course is lost as it passes through the housing estates of Baston, as it has in Market Deeping and Deeping St James. As it crosses the River Welland on the southern edge of the town, it passes into Cambridgeshire, and skirts the eastern edges of Northborough and Glinton. As it approaches the northern edge of Peterborough, it turns to the east, where there is another scheduled section at Peakirk, beyond which its course is covered by housing.

From Fen Bridge to Whitepost Road, 2.75 mi of Car Dyke is scheduled, with two small gaps where the course is cut by Guntons Road and Gunthorpe Road. The overall width of the channel, including the berms, banks and scarps, is between 44 and 77 yd. The remains are in good condition, despite the fact that Car Dyke has been reused as part of the modern land drainage system. It then passes through Peterborough where parts of its course are visible, but much has been obliterated by the construction of the A1139 Frank Perkins Parkway. It reaches the River Nene at Fengate.

Southern Section
The southern section runs for 5 mi from Setchel Fen, on the south bank of the Old West River to the River Cam at Waterbeach. There are no remaining earthworks on Setchel Fen, although the Ordnance Survey show a proposed course across the southern part of the fen, and a continuation of the route has been reused as a drain to the north of the Engine Drain. To the north of Setchel Drove, Car Dyke runs along the eastern edge of Bullocks Haste Common, where there was a Romano-British settlement. The site is a scheduled monument, but the northern section has been ploughed, and the remains are only visible from aerial photographs. The site continues to the south of Setchel Drove, where there is a series of dykes and field systems, with Car Dyke running through the midst of them. Cottenham Lode, an artificial channel known to have been built before the Norman conquest of 1066, marks the southern edge of Bullocks Haste Common. After that, the dyke has been reused as a drainage channel. It is crossed by the B1049 Twenty Pence Road and by Long Drove drain. There is then a dry section which is a scheduled monument.

The route continues southwards, running to the west of Cambridge Research Park, and again is used as a drainage ditch. It is then cut by the A10 road, which runs along the western bank of the route, with a disused airfield to the east. The route has been lost through Waterbeach, where Denny End has been built over its course, but there is a final section to the south of the village, which is also a scheduled monument and a drainage channel. This section is known as The Old Tillage, and is crossed by the Fen Line railway just before it reaches the River Cam.

Fens Waterways Link
The section between the rivers Nene and Welland may be restored to navigation as a section of the new Fens Waterways Link for leisure craft. An engineering study has been made, but because of concerns for its historic status it is not the preferred route, with the Cat's Water Drain being the other considered option.

title: Car Dyke


text:
Alf Engen

Alf Marinius Engen (May 15, 1909–July 20, 1997) was a Norwegian-American skier. He set several ski jumping world records during the 1930s and helped establish numerous ski areas in the Western United States. Engen is best known for his ski school at Alta in Utah and as the pioneer of powder skiing.

Background
Born in Norway in the town of Mjøndalen, in Nedre Eiker municipality in Buskerud county, Engen was the first son of Trond and Martha Oen Engen. His two younger brothers, Sverre (1911–2001) and Corey (1916–2006), were also accomplished skiers. As the first-born son of a famous skiing father, Engen was naturally reared to ski.

After his father died of the Spanish flu in 1918 when he was nine, Engen's mother moved the family the short distance to the small town of Steinberg. In 1929 at age twenty, Alf and his brother Sverre (age 18) emigrated to the United States, first settling in Chicago, then relocating west to Utah in 1931 at Salt Lake City. Their widowed mother Martha and younger brother Corey (age 17) joined them in 1933.

Career
Engen quickly gained a reputation for his world class skiing skills. Although primarily a ski jumper when he arrived in the U.S., he quickly mastered alpine skiing and is credited for developing the technique of powder skiing, honed at the Alta Ski Area. The following years he won numerous American and international titles. In 1940, Engen finished first in the National Four-way, held east of Seattle, Washington. Engen was also the recipient of numerous awards including the All-American Ski Trophy, 1937, Americanism Award in 1940, Helm's Hall of Fame Award in 1954; and Skier's Hall of Fame Award in 1956.

He helped establish the ski school at Alta, and assisted in the creation of thirty other ski resorts in the western United States. The three Engen brothers helped to popularize skiing in the West, primarily in Utah and Idaho. Alf's son Alan carries on the family tradition at Alta. Alf Engen died in Salt Lake City in 1997, at the age of 88; his two younger brothers both lived to the age of 90.

Alf Engen Ski Museum
The Alf Engen Ski Museum is located in the Joe Quinney Winter Sports Center at Utah Olympic Park, 4 mi north of Park City. It contains more than 300 trophies, medals, uniforms, scrapbooks, skis, boots, photos, films, and other collectables that span some 70 years in the career of the Engen family. The museum's educational component provides teacher lesson plans and field trip stations for 4th grade students, updated in August 2024 to reflect the Utah Core Standards in Mathematics, Science with Engineering Education, English/Language Arts, and Social Studies.

The Museum includes a Mountain Sports Simulator ride and the Take Flight virtual ski jump experience designed and built by Utah-based company Unrivaled. The ride takes visitors mountain biking through Deer Valley in the autumn, speedflying (paragliding with skis) from the top of Mount Superior landing near Snowbird Ski Resort, black diamond alpine skiing through Alta Ski Resort, and racing down the Utah Olympic Park bobsled track in the winter. The Simulator gives the rider an authentic experience with blowing wind and falling snow features.

Invalid ski jumping world record
Not recognized! He stood at WR, but this record never made it to WR official books. Not recognized! He stood at WR, but Utah SC wasn't member of Western American Winter Sport Ass.. Not recognized! He stood at world record distance, but set at unofficial competition. Not recognized! He stood at world record distance, but at practice session.

Video

 * Vimeo.com – Alf Engen - The Old Man Of The Mountain - Powder segment

title: Alf Engen


text:
Geological survey

A geological survey is the systematic investigation of the geology beneath a given piece of ground for the purpose of creating a geological map or model. Geological surveying employs techniques from the traditional walk-over survey, studying outcrops and landforms, to intrusive methods, such as hand augering and machine-driven boreholes, to the use of geophysical techniques and remote sensing methods, such as aerial photography and satellite imagery. Such surveys may be undertaken by state, province, or national geological survey organizations to maintain the geological inventory and advance the knowledge of geosciences for the benefit of the nation. A geological survey map typically superimposes the surveyed extent and boundaries of geological units on a topographic map, together with information at points (such as measurements of orientation of bedding planes) and lines (such as the intersection of faults with the land surface). The maps and reports created by geological survey organisations generally aim for geographic continuity and completeness in establishing the spatial patterns of near-surface rock units. The map may include cross sections to illustrate the three-dimensional interpretation. Subsurface geological and geophysical maps, providing limited coverage of deeper geology (known, for example, from drilling for oil or gas), are maintained internally by major oil companies and regulators. Some geological survey organisations have collaborated with them to include subsurface geology in their systematic surveys, for example, the Geological Atlas of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Subsurface maps typically depict the three-dimensional form of geological surfaces by means of contours and cross sections. Computer-based models are increasingly used to provide more comprehensive information storage and greater flexibility of presentation. In the United States, the 50 state surveys are coordinated by the Association of American State Geologists.

Some examples of national geological surveys are:

 * British Geological Survey (BGS)
 * Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM)
 * Central Geological Survey (Taiwan)
 * China Geological Survey
 * Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR, Germany)
 * Geological and Mining Institute of Spain
 * Geological Survey of Austria
 * Geological Survey of Canada
 * Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland
 * Geological Survey of Finland
 * Geological Survey of India
 * Geological Survey of Ireland
 * Geological Survey of Norway
 * Geological Survey of Pakistan
 * Geological Survey of Slovenia
 * Geological Survey of Sweden
 * Geoscience Australia
 * Saudi Geological Survey
 * Swisstopo (Switzerland)
 * United States Geological Survey (USGS)

Individual states or provinces may also have a geological survey. Examples include:

 * Alberta Geological Survey (Canada)
 * California Geological Survey (USA)
 * Delaware Geological Survey (USA)
 * Geological Survey of Newfoundland and Labrador (Canada)
 * Geological Survey of Queensland (Australia)
 * Pennsylvania Geological Survey (USA)
 * Utah Geological Survey (USA)

title: Geological survey


text:
Category:Educational software

See also: For grade reporting, attendance keeping, and related topics, see: Category:Administrative software

title: Category:Educational software


text:
User:Dalf/ToDo

Just my little To Do list of thigns I will get to eventually if I cant get someone else to do them first.

Chess

 * Plan (Chess) needs to be created and disambiguated from Plan, at least one chess article (Advanced Chess) links to plan where there is no mention of chess.
 * Added an entry to Chess terminology and linked to there.
 * The Colle system needs a page or at least a stub. There is some decent information in Edgard Colle though I want to check this for accuracy and completeness.
 * Suggest that wikipedia accept .pgn files as a multimedia file type and link to them for articles in Category:Chess_games.

Romania

 * Create a stub for Village_Museum, Sibiu distinct from Village_Museum, Bucharest.
 * Expand Sibiu article.
 * Upload pictures for Village_Museum, Sibiu and Răşinar any others.

Translations
Currently working on ro:Constantin Brâncuşi en:Constantin Brancusi

Linguistics

 * Look for small audio files that might be intergrated into American English and California English to demonstrate among other things the vowel shifts.

Terrorism
Creat an article on us State Dept. annual report on terriorism possible name: Patterns of Global Terrorism. The actual reports in question are all public domain documetns to adding them to wikisource sounds like a good plan too. Need to find out more about the law or polocy that created these annual reports, and a bit more about their history. There are a number of re-directs that will need to lead here as well, as this is the offical list of terriorist orginizations as well for the USA.

Relavent Laws
This if from the Text of the law Sections 219, 303, 2339B
 * Pursuant to section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended by the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996. The designations carry legal consequences:
 * It is unlawful to provide funds or other material support to a designated FTO.
 * Representatives and certain members of a designated FTO can be denied visas or excluded from the United States.
 * US financial institutions must block funds of designated FTOs and their agents and must report the blockage to the US Department of the Treasury.

title: User:Dalf/ToDo


text:
Finchampstead

Finchampstead is a village and civil parish in the Wokingham Borough in the shire of Berkshire, England. Its northern extremity is 2 mi south of Wokingham, 5 mi west of Bracknell, 8 mi south-east of Reading, and 34 mi west of Central London. It is an affluent area, with the village ranking as Britain's 31st wealthiest. It has a high standard of living and is rated as one of the most desirable places to live in the United Kingdom.

Topography
Finchampstead parish extends from The Throat on the southern edge of Wokingham, just past the Inchcape Garage, down to the Tally Ho pub on the River Blackwater which forms the southern border with Eversley and its county Hampshire, over Eversley Bridge. Finchampstead Bridge is further east, just above Eversley Cross. To the east of the parish is Sandhurst and to the west are Swallowfield, Arborfield and Barkham. The Roman road from London to Silchester traverses the parish from West Court through to Roman Ride off the A321. It is known as the Devil's Highway and is well preserved as a footpath and byway over much of its length through Windsor Forest. It is used as a road at West Court, and from Armholes past Heath Pool and along Roman Ride.

The Nine Mile Ride runs the breadth of Finchampstead, through California and then on, between King's Mere and Queen's Mere, to the boundary with Crowthorne, and thence to Pinewood and finally Bracknell. California is the name of this northern part of the parish. It is a large residential village with its own country park around Longmoor Lake, on the edge of Barkham Common. The southern part of the parish includes the parish church; Finchampstead village itself, at the top of Fleet Hill on the B3348 road; Finchampstead Leas, to the west along the A327 road; and the woodlands of the Ridges, spreading north to the Nine Mile Ride. This is a dense, mostly pine tree, wood much of which, including Simon's Wood, is owned by the National Trust. Its hills give panoramic views of the surrounding area.

Local government
Finchampstead has a parish council with a total of 17 councillors elected by the North, South and Lower Wokingham wards. The parish is in Wokingham Borough unitary authority.

Transport
Reading Buses service No 3 or "The Leopard Bus," links northern Finchampstead with Wokingham.

History
The Church of England parish church of St James is on top of a prominent hill and has an old Roman earthwork around it. It was probably the site of a pagan temple. The Roman road between London and Silchester, called the "Devil's Highway", ran through the middle of the parish. A Roman milestone survives at Banisters. Finchampstead's Old English toponym derives from the large variety of finches that still populate the area. It is referred to by the younger generation as 'Finch'. St. Oswald apparently visited the village in the 7th century and named the local holy well, which is recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle to have flowed with blood in times of National crisis.

Finchampstead is a richly wooded area on the western edge of old Windsor Forest and once the centre of one of its divisional "walkes" and bailiwicks. It was the hunting place of Royalty and an old tale tells how King Henry VII brought his son, Prince Arthur, out onto the Ridges to see his bride, Catherine of Aragon, for the first time. His other son, Henry VIII, is said to have wooed two sisters at East Court Manor until one committed suicide in a fit of jealousy. There are three manor houses. East Court was next to the church, but has been replaced by a Victorian building and the name has been transferred to another house in the village. West Court is a 17th and 19th century house at Finchampstead Lea. Banisters, on the lower slopes of Fleet Hill, is a brick Restoration house of 1683. Finchampstead's Wellingtonia Avenue was planted with one hundred giant sequoia trees, as a monument to the 1st Duke of Wellington in the 1860s. Wellington College school nearby was also erected in his memory.

Notable people

 * Commissioner Catherine Bramwell-Booth CBE OF, (Granddaughter of The Salvation Army Founders William Booth and Catherine Booth 'Mother of the Salvation Army'), lived in Finchampstead with two of her sisters Lieut. Col. Olive Booth and Major Dora (Dorothy) Booth. The three are buried with their sister Colonel Mary Bramwell Booth CBE and alongside their brother Bramwell Bernard Booth and his wife Jane in the churchyard of St James'. Catherine died aged 104, Olive 98 and Dora 95.
 * Christine Keeler lived on the Nine Mile Ride.
 * Brigadier General Ernest Macnaghten, former chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council retired to Haygates in Finchampstead. He died there in 1948.
 * Singer-songwriter, Laura Marling, grew up and attended primary school in Finchampstead.
 * Lieutenant Colonel Alfred Stowell Jones, recipient of the Victoria Cross for actions at Delhi during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, is buried in the churchyard of St James'.
 * General Sir John Watson, recipient of the Victoria Cross for actions at Lucknow during the Indian Mutiny, is buried in the churchyard of St James'.

Churches
The present St. James' parish church is almost entirely Norman with a few alterations dating from the late 16th century. It has a Norman eastern apse and a brick tower built in 1720. The baptismal font in the church is late Saxon. The Baptist chapel was built in 1840. It was sold for conversion to a private house when the Finchampstead Baptist Church Centre was built in California. St Mary and St John California meets at Gorse Ride Junior School in California. It is a shared ministry with St James.

Housing
The village has a number of old cottages. However, most of the parish's housing is at California.

Amenities
The parish has three public houses: The Greyhound, the Queen's Oak and the Tally Ho. The Tally Ho incorrectly describes itself as being in Eversley. The Queen's Oak is the only pub of that name in England. The absence of public houses in the California area is due to a restrictive covenant imposed by John Walter when he sold the land in this area. Finchampstead Church of England Primary School in the village is opposite the park. There are other schools in California. Finches Pre-School is run daily during term time in the Memorial Hall. The village hall is Finchampstead Memorial Hall, which was built in 1960. The parish has a scout group. There is a children's playground area in the park. There are additional amenities in the parish at California Crossroads.

Sport and leisure
Finchampstead has clubs for cricket, football, netball and running. The village also has some tennis courts. Finchampstead Football Club plays in the Hellenic Football League, and the Memorial Ground is the home ground of both the football and cricket clubs. There is a nature reserve and a Site of Special Scientific Interest at California.

title: Finchampstead


text:
Talk:Vasyl Durdynets

Untitled
БІОГРАФІЯ

Генерал внутрішньої служби України з 08.1997 р., Міністр України з питань надзвичайних ситуацій та у справах захисту населення від наслідків Чорнобильської катастрофи з 22.03.1999 р., член Урядового комітету з реформування аграрного сектору та з питань екології і надзвичайних ситуацій з 17.02.2000 р., член Ради національної безпеки і оборони України з 08.1997 р., Представник України в постійних органах Частково відкритої угоди Ради Європи щодо запобігання, захисту та надання допомоги у разі великих природних і техногенних катастроф з 08.1999 р. по 11.2003 р.

Народився 27 вересня 1937 р. у с. Ромочевиця Мукачівського р-ну Закарпатської області, в селянській родині, українець.

Освіта вища, у 1960 р. закінчив Львівський державний університет ім. І.Франка, за фахом - юрист.

З 1960 р. - на комсомольській роботі. Працював 2-м секретарем, 1-м секретарем Львівського ОК ЛКСМУ.

З 1966 р. - в ЦК ВЛКСМ.

З 1970 р. - завідувач відділу адміністративних органів Львівського ОК КПУ.

З 1973 р. - заступник завідувача відділу адміністративних органів ЦК КПУ.

З 12.1978 р. – заступник, з 07.1982 р. - перший заступник Міністра внутрішніх справ УРСР.

З 02.1991 р. по 01.1992 р. - член Президії, голова Комісії ВР України з питань оборони і державної безпеки, з 01.1992 р. по 04.1994 р. - перший заступник Голови ВР України.

З 12.1994 р. по 07.1995 р. - перший заступник голови Координаційного комітету боротьби з корупцією і організованою злочинністю при Президентові України, голова Підкомітету з координації діяльності правоохоронних та інших державних органів з питань зміцнення правопорядку.

З 03.07.1995 р. по 18.06.1996 р. - Віце-прем'єр-міністр з питань державної безпеки і надзвичайних ситуацій - голова Координаційного комітету боротьби з корупцією і організованою злочинністю (голова комітету - до 01.07.1996 р.). Голова Координаційного комітету боротьби з корупцією і організованою злочинністю при Президентові України з 02.1997 р. по 04.1999 р.

З 18.06.1996 р. по 30.07.1997 р. - перший Віце-прем'єр-міністр України.

З 06. по 07.1997 р. – виконуючий обов’язки Прем'єр-міністра України.

З 07.1997 р. по 03.1999 р. - директор Національного бюро розслідувань.

Народний депутат України 12(1) скликання, з 03.1990 (1-й тур).

Народний депутат України 2 скликання, з 04.1994 р. (2-й тур), Бобринецький виборчий округ № 229, Кіровоградська обл., висунутий трудовим колективом. Член Комісії з питань боротьби з організованою злочинністю та корупцією. Керівник групи "Центр". На час виборів – 1-й заступник голови ВР України.

У 04.2002 р. - кандидат в народні депутати України, виборчий округ № 73, Закарпатська обл., самовисування. На час виборів - Міністр України з питань надзвичайних ситуацій та у справах захисту населення від наслідків Чорнобильської катастрофи, безпартійний.

Був членом Президії Ради національної безпеки при Президентові України, головою Міжвідомчої комісії з проведення паспортизації громадян з

08.1995 р., головою Координаційної ради з питань розбудови державного кордону України з 09.1995 р., головою Міжвідомчої комісії з питань врегулювання кризових ситуацій у разі вчинення актів незаконного втручання в діяльність цивільної авіації з 10.1995 р. Голова Національної координаційної ради боротьби з наркоманією при КМ України з 09.1995 р. по 02.1998 р., голова Державної комісії з питань зв'язку і радіочастот з 07.1996 р. по 03.1999 р., голова Комісії з питань повернення в Україну валютних цінностей, що незаконно знаходяться за її межами з 10.1995 р. по 06.1998 р., голова Постійної урядової комісії з питань техногенно-екологічної безпеки та надзвичайних ситуацій у 1995-1997 рр., голова Державних комісій з підготовки та проведення конкурсів на кращий ескіз великого Державного Герба України та кращий текст Державного Гімну України у 1996-1997 рр., член Вищої економічної ради Президента України з 07.1997 р. по 11.2001 р. Ініціатор створення Міністерства України з питань надзвичайних ситуацій та у справах захисту населення від наслідків Чорнобильської катастрофи з 1996 р., член Координаційної ради з питань судово-правової реформи при Президентові України з 10.1997 р. по 07.2000 р.

З 1986 р. - керівник оперативного штабу забезпечення правопорядку в зоні аварії на ЧАЕС МВС України.

Почесний професор Національної академії внутрішніх справ з 1997 р. Заслужений працівник МВС з 1990 р. Заслужений прикордонник України з 1997 р. Нагороджений орденами: Трудового Червоного Прапора (1977 р.), "Знак Пошани" (1971 р.), "За особисту мужність" (1991 р.), князя Ярослава Мудрого V ст. (2000 р.), 12-ма медалями, почесними грамотами Президії ВР УРСР (1987 р.), КМ України (1998 р.), Почесною відзнакою Президента України (орден "За заслуги" III ст.) (08.1996 р.), іменною вогнепальною зброєю (1996 р.).

title: Talk:Vasyl Durdynets


text:
Mark Alan Stamaty

Mark Alan Stamaty is an American cartoonist and children's writer and illustrator. During the 1980s and 1990s, Stamaty's work appeared regularly in the Village Voice. He is the creator of the long-running comic strip Washingtoon – on which a short-lived (12-episode) 1985 Showtime Network television series was based – as well as the earlier comic strip MacDoodle Street, and the online strip Doodlennium for Slate magazine He is also a spot illustrator for Slate. He produced a monthly comic strip in the New York Times Book Review called "Boox" in 2001–2004 that made fun of publishing trends. Stamaty graduated with a degree in art from the Cooper Union in New York.

Stamaty has published several books, including collections of his strips and graphic novels for children, notably Alia's Mission: Saving the Books of Iraq (2004), Yellow Yellow (1971, with author Frank Asch; reissued in 2019 by Drawn & Quarterly), Minnie Maloney & Macaroni (1976) and the cult classic Who Needs Donuts? (originally published in 1973 and reprinted by Random House in 2003)

In 2012, Jeffrey Brown told USA Today about how Stamaty's Small in the Saddle had influenced his own career and about subsequently meeting the author.

Stamaty was commissioned to provide an illustration for the interior of retailer Sonos's new store in New York City's SoHo district, which opened in July 2016.

In 2018, Stamaty drew the cover for "Delancey St. Station", the debut album by NYC rock band, Pinc Louds. His late father, Stanley Stamaty, was a professional gag cartoonist, and his mother, Clara Gee Stamaty, is a commercial illustrator and fine artist. Stanley and Clara both attended the Art Academy of Cincinnati.

Children's books

 * Yellow Yellow (1971) (Illustrator)
 * Who Needs Donuts? (1973)
 * Small in the Saddle (1975)
 * Minnie Maloney & Macaroni (1976)
 * Where's My Hippopotamus? (1977)
 * Alia's Mission: Saving the Books of Iraq (2004)

title: Mark Alan Stamaty


text:
Ranger's House

Ranger's House is a medium-sized red brick Georgian mansion in the Palladian style, adjacent to Greenwich Park in the south east of London. It is situated in Blackheath and backs directly onto Greenwich Park. Previously known as Chesterfield House, its current name is associated with the Ranger of Greenwich Park, a royal appointment; the house was the Ranger's official residence for most of the 19th century. It is a Grade I listed building. There is a rose garden behind it, and since 2002 it has housed the Wernher Collection of art.

History
The house, probably dating from 1722 to 1723, was originally built for Capt., later Vice-Admiral, Francis Hosier (1673–1727) on wasteland adjacent to Greenwich Park, probably with John James as architect. The house then had a superb view and easy access to London by road and river. Hosier had made his fortune through trade at sea and both the ship he served on as a lieutenant and his own ship were called the Neptune. He occupied the house until dying of yellow fever at sea in 1727, during the disastrous Blockade of Porto Bello off Panama.

In 1748 the lease of the house was inherited by the 4th Earl of Chesterfield. He was a politician, diplomat, man of letters and wit who eventually became Secretary of State. He added the splendid bow windowed gallery for entertaining and displaying his art treasures. Chesterfield wrote that the view from the gallery gave him "three different, and the finest, prospects in the world".

In 1782, the next purchaser was Richard Hulse (1727–1805), 2nd son of Sir Edward Hulse, 1st Bt., physician to George II and Elizabeth Levett. He was High Sheriff of Kent in 1768 and a JP. He held the office of Deputy Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company between 1799 and 1805. He lived at sometime at Baldwins, Kent, and died unmarried without progeny. Hulse added a room with a bow window on the north side to balance Chesterfield's gallery and this is how the house appears today.

Chesterfield House, as it was known, was briefly renamed Brunswick house while occupied by the Duchess of Brunswick from 1807 to 1813.

It was first used as the official residence of the Ranger of Greenwich Park in 1816; previously, Caroline of Brunswick, appointed Ranger in 1806, had lived in the neighbouring Montagu House (demolished in 1815).

At the invitation of Queen Victoria, Field Marshal Lord Wolseley and his family moved from their former home at 6 Hill Street, London to the much grander Ranger's House in Autumn 1888.

The London County Council purchased the house in 1902 from the Commissioners of Woods and Forests and it became a council sports club and tea rooms. It was requisitioned in both World Wars. Two blue plaques were erected by the London County Council in 1937 to commemorate Wolseley and Chesterfield at the house. Later it was used to display the Dolmetsch collection of musical instruments and the Suffolk Collection of Jacobean portraits. The latter is now on display at Kenwood House.

In 1986 Ranger's House came into the care of English Heritage.

Ranger of Greenwich Park
The first Ranger was appointed in 1690. A royal appointment, it is a sinecure carrying no official responsibilities, and was for some years combined with the office of Governor of the Greenwich Hospital. At first, the Ranger resided at the Queen's House, Greenwich. Past Rangers have included:
 * Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset (appointed 1690)
 * Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney (1697 – ?)
 * Sir William Gifford (1710 – ?)
 * Matthew Aylmer, 1st Baron Aylmer (1714–1720)
 * Sir John Jennings (1720–1743)
 * Lady Catherine Pelham (wife of Henry Pelham; 1743–1780)
 * Caroline of Brunswick (1805–1813)
 * Princess Sophia Mathilda of Gloucester (1813 – 1844)
 * Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley (1888–1896)

Wernher Collection
The Wernher Collection was assembled by the German-born diamond magnate Sir Julius Wernher in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Wernher lived at Bath House on Piccadilly and Luton Hoo in Bedfordshire. At one time part of the collection was on display to the public at Luton Hoo, which was owned by Sir Julius' descendants until the early years of the twenty first century. There are about 700 items on display at Ranger's House occupying twelve rooms, some of which have been decorated to evoke the way the collection was displayed when it was at Bath House.

The collection includes a painting from the workshop of Sandro Botticelli (“Madonna of the Pomegranate”), works by Filippino Lippi, Hans Memling, Gabriël Metsu, Francesco Francia, and portraits by the English painters Sir Joshua Reynolds, George Romney and John Hoppner.

The collection also contains an eclectic mix of decorative art with many pieces by acknowledged masters, including Renaissance jewellery, medieval, Byzantine and Renaissance ivories, enamels, bronzes, Italian maiolica, tapestries, furniture and Sèvres porcelain, as well as a life size marble sculpture by Bergonzoli of an angel kissing a semi-nude woman entitled "The Love of Angels".

In popular culture
The exterior of the house appears as the home of the fictional Bridgerton family in the Netflix series Bridgerton.

title: Ranger's House


text: Category:Compositions by Felix Mendelssohn


text:
Edwin Anderson

Edwin Anderson may refer to:

 * Edwin Anderson Jr. (1860–1933), United States Navy officer
 * Edwin Maffitt Anderson (1843–1923), Confederate naval officer
 * Edwin Anderson (sport shooter) (1886–1943), American Olympic sport shooter
 * Edwin H. Anderson (1861–1947), American library leader
 * Edwin J. Anderson (1902–1987), American sports executive

title: Edwin Anderson


text:
Kevin Simm

 Kevin Ian Simm (born 5 September 1980) is an English singer and songwriter. He is best known as a former member of Liberty X (2001–2007) and a current vocalist of Wet Wet Wet. Simm also won The Voice UK in 2016.

Early life
Simm was born on 5 September 1980 in Chorley, Lancashire, England. He attended St Anne's Primary School and then St. Mary's Catholic Technology College in Leyland between 1991 and 1996, where he performed Elton John's "Daniel" in the school's annual show. Simm decided to concentrate on music and formed the indie-pop band called AnAlien in 1996. In 1999, he applied to go on the ITV talent show, Stars in Their Eyes, where he appeared as Simon Fowler of Ocean Colour Scene. In 2000 he sang in the pop band Force 5 with James Fox.

2001–2007: Liberty X
In 2001, Simm auditioned for the ITV reality television music competition Popstars, a show intended to form a new group from individual contestants, becoming one of the finalists. While the five winning contestants formed Hear'Say, the five runner-up contestants – Simm, Tony Lundon, Jessica Taylor, Kelli Young and Michelle Heaton – formed the group Liberty X and signed a multimillion-pound record contract with Richard Branson and V2 Records. Liberty X released three studio albums and enjoyed seven Top 10 singles from 2001 to 2005: Their biggest hit, "Just a Little", reached number one in May 2002; "Thinking It Over", "Got to Have Your Love", "Song 4 Lovers", and "Holding on for You" all reached the top 5 in the UK Singles Chart. They split up in 2007 after selling over 3 million records worldwide.

During this time, Simm appeared on The Games, in 2005, winning a silver medal.

2008–2015: Brand New and Liberty X return
In 2007 Simm signed with the independent label Jamdown Records and started recording his first solo work. On 3 October 2008 he released his debut studio album, Brand New, first only in Japan and two years later in Europe. The title song was released as the lead single and had a music video directed by Fatty Soprano. From 2009 to 2012 Simm performed live at festivals and pubs.

In 2013 Simm reunited with Liberty X for ITV2's reality show The Big Reunion, along with other pop groups of their time – B*Witched, Honeyz, 911, Five and Atomic Kitten – to solve past problems and do a live performance at the London Hammersmith Apollo on 26 February. Due to the success, Liberty X returned for a full tour between 2013 and 2014. In 2017, Heaton, Jessica Taylor and Kelli Young reformed Liberty X again, but as a three-piece girl group, without Kevin and Tony.

2016–2017: The Voice UK and Recover
In 2016, Simm auditioned for the fifth series of The Voice UK singing a soulful version of Sia's "Chandelier". All four coaches – will.i.am, Ricky Wilson, Boy George and Paloma Faith – turned their chairs for him and he chose to join Faith's team. Simm lost against Faith Nelson in the battle rounds and was nearly eliminated from the competition, but was stolen by Wilson, joining his team for the knockout rounds. He won the season of The Voice UK on 9 April.

In the same month, Simm signed with Universal and released his new single as The Voice winner, "All You Good Friends"; the song peaked at number 24 in the UK and 3 in Scotland. On 28 October 2016 it was released his second studio album, Recover, the first by Universal, and chosen "Wildfire" as single.

2018–present: Wet Wet Wet
On 25 September 2018, it was announced that Simm would join Scottish band Wet Wet Wet as the new lead singer, replacing original member Marti Pellow. He debuted with the band in November. On 5 November 2021 they released their first album with Simm as vocalist, The Journey, peaking at number 29 in UK.

Personal life
Simm married Laura Simm in June 2008, after 7 years of dating. They have two children: Charlie, born in October 2011, and Oliver, born in November 2013.

Singles

 * As main artist

 * As featured artist

title: Kevin Simm


text:
Talk:Playback (Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers album)

Fair use rationale for Image:TomPettyPlayback.jpg
Image:TomPettyPlayback.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 08:47, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Additional personnel
In listing the personnel, I went through the Playback liner notes and endeavored to include all musicians who play on five or more songs, or who have their own Wikipedia page (or both). I omitted personnel who play on fewer than five songs and who have no Wikipedia page of their own. I feel there must be some limiting criteria, because there are innumerable contributors. As it turns out, the only one who plays on five or more songs but has no Wikipedia page is Phil Jones.

There are spelling mistakes in the Playback liner notes, but I corrected them with the help of allmusic.com and, in the case of the song "Heartbreakers Beach Party", by looking at the sleeve of the single, which contains no apostrophe in the song title. I also confirmed that the Gary Chang to whom I link is indeed a synthesizer player, not just a film score composer (he in fact played synthesizer for Stevie Wonder). See the Wikipedia page for "Serge synthesizer" to confirm. Similarly, the Scott Humphrey to whom I link is likewise the correct player, as evidenced by his allmusic.com page. The Playback credits omit Scott Thurston from "King's Highway" live in Gainesville 1993, but his presence at that show is confirmed by the liner notes to The Live Anthology. There is only one backing vocalist on the song, and it is likely Howie not Scott, as indicated by the video of a similar arrangement of the song at the 1994 Bridge School benefit concert. The Playback credits also omit Jeff Lynne's keyboard credit on "Built To Last", but there is an audible synth on the track and with the exception of one song ("All or Nothin'") that is a reworked Mike Campbell demo Lynne plays all synth on the album from which the track comes (Into the Great Wide Open, on which Benmont Tench plays only accordion, piano, and electric piano).

For "Heartbreakers Beach Party" and for "It's Rainin' Again", the Playback liner notes list for backing vocals "Everyone Present". I don't know whether that means musicians only, or also the producer Jimmy Iovine and the engineer Shelly Yakus. Since the latter two were in fact present, and are listed in the notes in their capacities as producer and engineer, I have listed them as contributing backing vocals to these two songs. If I learn that they did not contribute backing vocals to these songs, I will revise the credits accordingly. Iovine's credit on the song "Cracking Up" should remain regardless, as it is included in the Playback liner notes (as "telephone call").

Finally, the Playback liner notes do not list Phil Jones on the Damn The Torpedoes material or its B-sides. I wrote to Mr. Jones and he confirms he did not play on Damn The Torpedoes or on the final version of "Love is a Long Road". In addition, contrary to the Playback liner notes, there are no drums or percussion on "Alright For Now" (and Mr. Jones advises he does not recall playing on it). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.54.54.64 (talk) 06:04, 30 October 2015 (UTC)


text:
Star Wars Episode I: Racer

Star Wars Episode I: Racer is a 1999 racing video game based on the podracing sequence in the film Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace. The game features all of the racers and race course on Tatooine from The Phantom Menace. It adds several new courses, on Tatooine and various planets. It has several single player modes, including a tournament mode. The format of multiplayer mode varies by platform. Jake Lloyd and Lewis MacLeod, who portrayed Anakin Skywalker and Sebulba in The Phantom Menace, reprise their film roles in the game.

Episode I: Racer received generally positive reviews from critics. Several major media outlets listed it as one of the top Star Wars video games. , the game holds the Guinness record as the best-selling sci-fi racing game, with worldwide sales of 3.12 million units, followed by series like Wipeout and F-Zero. Two podracing games were released later. Star Wars: Racer Arcade, an arcade game featuring many similar tracks and characters, was released in 2000. A sequel, Star Wars Racer Revenge was released in 2002 for the PlayStation 2.

Twenty years after the release of the game, it received an HD re-release for Nintendo Switch and PlayStation 4. It was later released on Xbox One on October 27, 2020.

Gameplay
Star Wars Episode I: Racer features a variety of tracks spanning several different planets. It includes all of the racers in the film, plus exclusive competitors. The player character's podracer is equipped with an afterburner that the player can engage for a boost of speed. Whilst engaged, the engine's temperature will rise and if pushed for too long, shall suffer an engine-fire and explode, destroying the podracer and costing the player several seconds to respawn and continue racing. The podracer will also be destroyed if one or both engines sustain severe damage from colliding into too many walls or obstacles, requiring the player to steer carefully to avoid falling behind. The player can also actively repair the podracer while competing, but doing so slows the podracer until repairs are either complete or stopped.

Three single player game modes are available. In Tournament mode, the player character competes in a championship. Completing races awards money, with higher ranked finishes resulting in higher payouts. This can be used to buy parts or repair droids, unlock new tracks, and unlock new racers. Free Race mode allows the player to practice any previously unlocked courses using any unlocked racer. The player character cannot earn money or unlock tracks and racers, but can set the difficulty of the opponents. Time Attack pits the player character against the clock, racing along to try to achieve the fastest time on the given course. This mode is absent from the PC version. Instead the Free Play mode allows the player to set the number of computer opponents to 0.

Multiplayer mode differs between the PC and console versions. The Nintendo 64 and Dreamcast versions feature a two player splitscreen mode, and the Windows and Macintosh versions allow play over a local area network (LAN). This Windows version uses the deprecated IPX protocol to accomplish this, and the Macintosh version uses TCP/IP. The multiplayer mode can support up to eight players.

Development
Star Wars Episode I: Racer was developed and published by LucasArts for Windows in May 1999. Development took approximately two years. Upon completing Star Wars: Shadows of the Empire, two of its project leads began initial development. Tools included 3D Studio Max, Alias Wavefront, and Autodesk Softimage. Multiple graphical application programming interfaces (APIs) were tested, including 3dfx Glide, OpenGL, and Direct3D. Ultimately the game shipped with only Direct3D support because according to project lead Brett Tosti, when testing Glide and OpenGL the developers "didn't see any performance increases so didn't add support". The team had to develop a physics simulation from only a few short film clips given to them. According to Tosti, their approximations ended up very close to the film: "We really didn't get to see how good our estimates were until the very end." Project lead John Knoles emphasized that the team's goal was for a strong sense of speed. He stated they wanted to make it "feel like an eyeball-peeling racing game, where you're going so fast, you're just nervous".

The game was originally titled Star Wars: Podracer; however, the subtitle was changed to Episode I Racer when LucasArts learned that another company owned the trademark for games with "Pod" in the title. Actor Jake Lloyd, who portrayed Anakin Skywalker in Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace, promoted the game at E3 1999 and provided voice-over in the game. The theatrical score and various sound effects from Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace was reused for the game. The podracers were recreated using specifications from the film, and the Tatooine environment was also sourced from the film. Several of the game's other locales had never appeared in prior Star Wars games. Tosti said the varied environments were "to add more depth to the gameplay". During an IGN interview with Tom Byron of LucasArts at E3 1999, the question of online play was brought up. Byron was unsure, citing problems "mostly because of latency issues". Some multiplayer code from Star Wars Jedi Knight: Dark Forces II was utilized for Episode I: Racer. Ultimately, Internet play was not included. The Windows version uses the deprecated IPX protocol to accomplish this, while the Macintosh version uses the TCP/IP stack. The multiplayer mode can support up to eight players. The game was supported by a US$10 million marketing budget.

Release
Episode I: Racer was later ported and released for several other platforms: Nintendo 64 Dreamcast, and Game Boy Color. The announced PlayStation version of the game was never released. The Nintendo 64 version received a special edition Star Wars Episode I: Racer hardware bundle, including the standard gray and black console and a copy of the game. Though the Nintendo 64 cartridge can optionally take advantage of Nintendo's Expansion Pak memory unit to display additional textures, the limited capacity of the cartridge resulted in the removal of all pre-rendered cutscenes of the Windows and Macintosh versions. It is the first LucasArts game to be released on the Dreamcast. The Game Boy Color release features entirely different game play from its console and PC counterparts. The Game Boy Color hardware is technically incapable of rendering the 3D graphics used in the other versions, so the game instead features one-on-one racing duels on abbreviated, linear tracks using an overhead 2D view. The Game Boy Color version of the game has an additional "rumble" feature.

The game was re-released online via the DRM-free GOG.com store in May 2018. On October 18, 2019, the Nintendo 64 version was officially re-released in both a standard and Collector's Edition set with approval by Disney and Lucasfilm in limited quantities by Limited Run Games. On March 26, 2020, the Nintendo Switch and PlayStation 4 versions were announced for May 12, 2020. The PlayStation 4 version was delayed by two weeks, with a new release date of May 26, 2020. On May 11, 2020, exactly one day before the Switch version's release, both the PlayStation 4 and the Nintendo Switch versions were eventually rescheduled for June 23, 2020 release due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Switch version supports motion controls, allowing players to use them to operate the individual throttles of the podracer's twin engines.

Reception

 * EGM = (N64) 9/10
 * EuroG = 7/10
 * GameFan = 68%
 * GamePro = (N64)
 * GameRev = B+
 * GSpy = 6/10
 * NLife =
 * PCGUS = 76%

The game was met with positive to average reception. GameRankings gave it a score of 75.78% for the Nintendo 64 version; 75.42% for the Dreamcast version; 73.79% for the PC version; and 69.44% for the Game Boy Color version. It has been featured on several lists of the best Star Wars video games. In March 2004, GMR rated Episode I: Racer the fifth-best Star Wars game of all time. In 2015, PC Gamer listed it 3rd in their list of top Star Wars games. That same year, it placed 10th in Rock Paper Shotgun's top Star Wars games list. In Game Informer's 2016 list of the 30 best Star Wars video games, Racer ranked 11th. , the game holds the Guinness world record for the best-selling sci-fi racing game, with worldwide sales of 3.12 million units, followed by other series like Wipeout and F-Zero.

Next Generation reviewed the Nintendo 64 version of the game, rating it three stars out of five, and stated that "Yes, it's fast, it's largely customizable, features a lot of options, and it's fun, but it's tough to shake the feeling that if it weren't for the Star Wars license, it wouldn't otherwise stand out."

The editors of Computer Gaming World nominated Racer for their 1999 "Racing Game of the Year" award, which ultimately went to Need for Speed: High Stakes.

During the AIAS' 3rd Annual Interactive Achievement Awards (now known as the D.I.C.E. Awards), Star Wars Episode I: Racer won in the category for "Console Racing Game of the Year". Star Wars Episode I: Racer also nominated for the Blockbuster Entertainment Award in the "Favorite Nintendo 64 Game" category, although it lost to Donkey Kong 64.

title: Star Wars Episode I: Racer


text:
User:Amigo de compton

Formerly the User:Calles loco (crazy streets) vandal. now i respect wikipedia.

title: User:Amigo de compton


text:
Category talk:Wikipedia articles that are too technical

Why is this category even needed? Julyo 21:33, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Extreme agreement - In addition to the other comments that not all knowledge in an "encyclopedia" is going to be accessable to the novice, I think everyone is getting hung up on what is and isnt an "encyclopedia" in the first place. Wikipedia has transended "encyclopedia" and has become the central repository for any information that people wish to be captured and shared with the world.  Its very success stems from its singular nature.  If there were 100 "wikipedias", not only would most people not bother to contribute content to all 100; they wouldnt bother to contribute to any 1 because it would only reach 1/100th of the "world".  Wikipedia is the one place where a single act of authorship can reach the whole world.  It is not, therefore, just an "encyclopedia", and not just a place for universally accessable content.  For that, get a set of World Books. PolyGlot 04:11, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

 * As far as I am concerned, this is not about "dumbing down", but rather about explaining certain subjects in more detail, or finding better analogies. The idea is that this tag would be applied if someone thinks that something could be made more clear. It could be as simple as replacing "H2O" (or "dihydrogen oxide", if someone is trying to be clever) with "water" -- exact same thing, but it looks far less technical and laypeople will find it a lot more readable.
 * --Scott McNay 05:52, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree - The purpose of an encyclopedia is knowledge, and full knowledge is better than partial or watered-down knowledge. I think these articles merit applause and encouragement - not dumbing down. If someone doesn't fully understand something, they can click on the link to the article that explains the concept they don't understand. That's the beauty and point of hypelinks. Let's not dumb things down. 207.67.132.210 02:12, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't have any particular opinion on this category, but I disagree with your comment re "dumbing down". It's possible to make at least some difficult-to-understand article comprehensible to a layperson without "dumbing them down". Having hyperlinks to the simpler concepts is all well and good, but often they may be of little or no help in understanding the current entry at hand. --Jacj 22:41, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

Something like this category is very much needed. There are a number of articles that are not readable except to someone already fairly expert in the subject area. This is a general encyclopedia, not a graduate-level textbook. The articles here need revision - not dumbing down, but, as the template says, expansion to "make it accessible to non-experts — without removing the technical details". -R. S. Shaw 18:15, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * And yet, articles covering graduate-level material will never be understandable to those who don't have some training and prior knowledge. There are already way too many math articles in this category that don't deserve to be here, algebraically closed is a great example. It's not too technical at all -- meaning, it's perfectly understandable, to anyone who has a hope of understanding it. Please do not indiscriminately apply this category to articles (esp. math) unless you are within some neighbourhood of the expertise level. (Meaning, don't go putting these tags on category theory articles if you've only had high school algebra or calculus.) Revolver 15:52, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Most of the math articles on this list do not need to be dumbed down. People who do not understand the current "Differential Geometry" article, for instance, would not benefit from some meaningless bs instead, in fact, such things might be detrimental & produce wrong impressions. --- Aug. 8 2005

This category is fully justified. I get so frustrated when I want to look something up and I go there and don't understand it for beans. While I understand some things need to be technical in order for you to understand them, and that you can't understand them without understanding the pre-requistites, as the user who said about the math articles if you wanted to look up an article on Calculus, in order for it to be dry and simple, it would have to be a HUGE article, because in order to understand it you first have to understand algebra, some geometry and trigonometry (because these maths are part of it) then the article would have to contain all the information on these maths as well. It simply can't be summed up in simple words in a few paragraphs or even a single article.

But, sometimes being techinical when it isn't necessary just makes things harder to understand. The purpose of more complicated words is so you can make a point quicker with words which can condense things into less words and be more succinct. I have a decent vocabulary, but I even I find myself bewildered by sometimes simple articles. It seems people here want to impress and dazzle people with their eloquent and complicated usage of words. Take these two examples how being wordy just makes something simpler harder to understand.

Simpler: "We have a main bus B undervolt"

Unnecessarily complicated: "We are currently monitoring a significant decrease in the electrostatic potential of the secondary electron conduit"

Next, a fictional example, but still shows my point.

Simpler: "Traveling through hyperspace ain't like dusting crops, boy! Without precise calculations you'd fly right through a star, or bounce too close to a supernova, and that'd end your trip real quick, wouldn't it?"

Unnecessarily complicated: "There are significant differences in operating parameters between the process of engaging a hyperdrive propulsion system for a jump to superluminal speed, and the process of using aircraft to aerially distribute pesticides over agricultural territory. If you do not perform percise computations prior to the hyperspace jump, it is likely that your flight path will come within close proximity to dangerous celestial phenomena, such as a star or supernova. There is a high probability that a collision or close-proximity encounter with such a dangerous phenomenon would result in the premature termination of your journey."

Check this out for more examples, http://www.stardestroyer.net/Empire/Essays/Technobabblator.html

I found this article by doing a google on "wikipedia too technical" and found this list. Though, I had seen the banner before on other articles. Because today I was looking up the celsius/centrigrade scale and like so many other articles which has frustrated me with it's technicality, where I seek to find information and come away with nothing because I didn't fully understand the article, I wondered if anyone else is having this problem. There is, for any of you who are also having problems, this wiki http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page (but it certainly doesn't have as many articles as this one) and to polyglot I think there are 100 wikipedias, or possible even more, there's wookiepedia for starwars, memory alpha for star trek, a stargate wiki, one of everquest, any many others. This is definitely not the only wiki out there. There are lots on every subject. The snare (talk) 03:58, 2 February 2010 (UTC)

Seems like people have a lot to say about this category. It's very understandable though. The reason I had a look in this talk page in the first place was because I thought: "What is the difference between this category and 'Wikipedia articles needing context'?" Dessydes 01:42, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

This category is appalling. It's ironic that I stumbled across it just after finally finding an article that contained actual information on a technical topic, rather than stuff I could have learned by reading marketing materials. I hope nobody uses the contents of this category as an impetus to dumb the named articles down, a process that would only serve to limit their usefulness. Please don't. --- Aug. 22 2006.

I've updated both Category:Wikipedia articles that are too technical and Make technical articles accessible based on comments in both places. --Scott McNay 03:48, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

'Wouldn't it be great if everyone everywhere in the world had access to the sum of all human knowledge?' -Unknown

Although, this may not be completely wise (as in the case of crazy dictators and the like) I think it's what Wikipedia should strive for.Dannery4 04:21, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

Couldn't pretty much every math article be put in this category? Almost without exception, they are incredibly obtuse and seem to be exercises iin showing how smart the writer by delving into archane topics instead of simply explaining the concept simply and succinctly. 63.249.108.250 05:15, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree. Many advanced math topics rigorously define term in the title, without providing examples, good analogies or pictures. The concept itself is often simple, but presented in a way so no one understand who sees it first time on Wikipedia... Non-expert writings elsewhere are not 100% precise but they have the ability, to give the layman the AHA! moment about the concept, after that the Wiki page becomes clear too. Why don't we combine the two? Calmarius (talk) 15:58, 18 August 2013 (UTC)

delete
Can we delete this category now? We've got notices for "needs an experts attention". If you feel an article is too complex, but can't trim it yourself, that's obviously because it needs to be trimmed by an expert. So I'd say delete this & any similar categories.

And this category has obviously beeen used only haphazardly. I'm finding many articles here that consist of one paragraph and a "please expand" tag. JeffBurdges 10:33, 31 August 2007 (UTC)


text: Category:Compositions by Sergei Rachmaninoff