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Allstate Arena

Allstate Arena is a multi-purpose arena in Rosemont, Illinois, United States, northwest of Chicago, located at the corner of Mannheim Road and Lunt Avenue, just north of Mannheim Road's interchange with the Jane Addams Memorial Tollway (I-90) about 3 mi north of O'Hare International Airport. The facility opened in 1980 as the Rosemont Horizon and seats 17,500 for basketball and 16,692 for ice hockey.

The arena is home to the Chicago Wolves of the American Hockey League (AHL) and has served as the home arena for a number of other professional and collegiate teams, most notably the DePaul Blue Demons from 1980 through 2017.

History
The Village of Rosemont issued $19 million in bonds to finance the cost of the arena with exclusive contracts with Araserv, the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus, and MFG International.

On August 13, 1979, the uncompleted roof of the Rosemont Horizon collapsed, killing five construction workers and injuring 16 others. The collapse was featured in the "Engineering Disasters" episode of Modern Marvels, first broadcast by The History Channel on April 20, 2006.

One distinctive feature of the Allstate Arena is its timber roof, designed to muffle the sounds of any passing aircraft descending into and taking off from nearby O'Hare International Airport.

The facility, originally named Rosemont Horizon, was intended to be the home of the Chicago Horizons of the Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL) and was home of the 1980–1981 season but the franchise folded in 1982. It was also intended to be the home of the WHA's Chicago Cougars, but the team folded in 1975, three years before the arena broke ground. The first concert held at the Horizon was Fleetwood Mac on May 15, 1980, as they cut a red ribbon on the stage during the opening of the show.

The Rosemont Horizon was featured in many music videos, including the 1985 music video "Big City Nights" by Scorpions.

Insurance company Allstate signed a 10-year contract worth more than $10 million on June 9, 1999, to acquire naming rights to the arena and renovate it.

On December 29, 2002, Creed gave a concert at the arena with lead singer Scott Stapp obnoxiously high and drunk. After barely performing and mumbling incoherently through the first songs, he fell asleep onstage for a few minutes and the show ended early. This performance led four concertgoers to sue the band for over $2 million, and contributed to Creed's breakup.

On December 14, 2003, the floor at the Allstate Arena was named "Ray and Marge Meyer Court" in honor of Basketball Hall of Famer Ray Meyer and his wife. Meyer coached DePaul's men's team for 42 seasons and is the school's all-time winningest coach.

Sports

Allstate Arena has been the home of the Chicago Wolves of the American Hockey League since they were inaugurated in 1994.

Allstate Arena was the home of DePaul University men's basketball team until the end of the 2016–17 season. The Blue Demons previously played on campus at Alumni Hall. That gym has since been replaced with McGrath-Phillips Arena, home to the women's basketball program through that team's 2016–17 season. The building hosted the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament three times: the 1987 and 1993 Midwest Regional first and second-round games, and the 2005 Chicago Regional Finals.

The Arena Football League also has a long history with Allstate Arena. The Horizon hosted an arena football test game in 1987 and the Chicago Bruisers were an original Arena Football League team when the league began in 1987. The Bruisers played from 1987 to 1989, and hosted ArenaBowl II in Rosemont, losing to the Detroit Drive, 24–13. In 2001, Arena Football returned to the arena with the Chicago Rush. The Rush increased its home attendance each year from 2001 to 2008, and from 2004 to 2008 averaged between 14,000 and 16,000 fans per game. The Rush's highest home attendance is 16,391 on June 23, 2007, against the Kansas City Brigade. After the AFL restructured in 2009, the Rush returned to the Arena Football League.

On October 25, 2008, the Allstate Arena hosted UFC 90, the first Ultimate Fighting Championship event in the state of Illinois.

The Professional Bull Riders brought their Built Ford Tough Series tour for events in 2006 and 2008. As of 2018, the tour has held the Chicago Invitational event here every year since 2010. PBR plans to continue this event in Chicago in 2019.

The arena is where the monster truck racing track style known as "Chicago-style" was created.

The Chicago Sky of the WNBA announced on August 17, 2009, that the team reached a multi-year lease with the arena.

In 1989, Loyola Ramblers men's basketball became tenants of the arena, moving from the International Amphitheatre. The team played its home games at the Rosemont Horizon during their 1989–90, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93, and 1993–94 seasons before moving to a renovated Alumni Gym on their campus.

During the 2012–13 NHL lockout, Allstate Arena was the site of the Champs for Charity Hockey Game where current and former Chicago Blackhawks hosted fellow NHL players in front of 10,000+ fans.

DePaul left the arena after the 2016–17 season for the new Wintrust Arena in Chicago, leaving the arena without a permanent college basketball tenant, although Northwestern University moved its men's home basketball games to the arena temporarily for the 2017–18 season before returning to its on-campus home at Welsh–Ryan Arena in Evanston, after a full-academic-year renovation of that facility.

Championships and playoffs

 * AFL ArenaBowl II
 * AHL Calder Cup
 * Qualifier (Western Conference): 2002
 * Western Conference Quarterfinals: 2002, 2003 West Division Semifinals 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2010 Western Conference Quarterfinals: 2012, 2014, 2015
 * Western Conference Semifinals: 2002, 2003 West Division Finals: 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2010 Western Conference Semifinals: 2014
 * Western Conference Finals: 2002, 2005, 2007, 2008
 * Calder Cup Finals: 2002, 2005, 2008, 2019, 2022
 * IHL Turner Cup
 * 1/8 Finals: 1994–95, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98
 * Quarterfinals: 1995–96 Western Conference Quarterfinals: 1997–98, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01
 * Semifinals (Western Conference): 1999–2000, 2000–01
 * Turner Cup Finals: 1999–2000, 2000–01
 * WNBA Playoffs
 * WNBA Eastern Conference Semifinals: 2013, 2014, 2015 WNBA Playoffs Second Round: 2016
 * WNBA Eastern Conference Finals: 2013, 2014 WNBA Semifinals: 2016

Professional wrestling

The Allstate Arena is the standard venue for WWE events in Chicago. For decades, WWE's most prominent figures have appeared at this venue. These include Hulk Hogan, Bret Hart, Ric Flair, The Rock, Steve Austin, John Cena, Triple H, Roman Reigns, and Chicago native CM Punk. Since 1986, WWE has held numerous pay-per-view, non-televised, NXT, Raw, and SmackDown shows in the arena. Allstate Arena is also one of two venues (the other being Madison Square Garden) to host WrestleMania three times: namely the second segment of WrestleMania 2 in 1986, WrestleMania 13 in 1997, and WrestleMania 22 in 2006. WrestleMania 22 is also notable for being the last WrestleMania to date to be held in a smaller arena, until WrestleMania 36, which was held at the WWE Performance Center in Orlando, Florida, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic (WrestleMania 36 was initially set to be held at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida; the stadium hosted WrestleMania 37 instead). Due to the event's rapid growth in popularity, since WrestleMania 23 at Detroit's Ford Field, the annual event, recognized by WWE as "The Grandest Stage of Them All", has been held in larger venues; primarily football stadiums. Since 2006, WrestleMania has not returned to the Chicago area, as the city has presumably failed to provide a large enough venue for the event; the largest currently being Soldier Field, the smallest NFL stadium.

The venue has also hosted The Wrestling Classic in 1985, three editions of Survivor Series (1989, 2019, and 2023), No Mercy 2007, Night of Champions 2010, two editions of Judgment Day (1998 and 2009), two editions of Extreme Rules (2012 and 2015), two editions of Backlash (2001 and 2017), two editions of Money in the Bank (2011 and 2018), three editions of Payback (2013, 2014 and 2016), the two editions of NXT TakeOver: Chicago (2017, 2018), NXT TakeOver: WarGames (2019) and Hell in a Cell 2022.

As of 2024, there have only been three instances where WWE has hosted an event in Chicago outside the Allstate Arena; that being SummerSlam 1994, a WWE Road To WrestleMania (34) Live Event, and a 2018 Holiday Tour Live Event, all held at the United Center.

When the arena was known as Rosemont Horizon, the venue hosted American Wrestling Association (AWA) events in the Chicago area during the 1980s, replacing the International Amphitheatre. It was also the standard venue for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) events in the Chicago area during the mid-1990s, replacing the UIC Pavilion. WCW held Spring Stampede at the arena in April 1994, as well as an episode of WCW Monday Nitro in October 1995. However, it would later switch to using the United Center for its shows in the region.

Concerts
The arena has been the site of many concerts, including by The Rolling Stones, Bon Jovi, Van Halen, Prince, Whitney Houston, Michael Jackson, The Cure, U2, Bruce Springsteen, Madonna, Elton John, BTS, Blackpink, Taylor Swift, Ariana Grande, Scorpions, AC/DC, Tina Turner, Metallica, Andrea Bocelli, Green Day, Grateful Dead, Phish, My Chemical Romance, Marilyn Manson, Nine Inch Nails, Ricky Martin, Lorde, Foo Fighters, R.E.M., Justin Bieber, Queen, Rauw Alejandro and Trans-Siberian Orchestra.

Styx recorded their reunion live album Return To Paradise at the arena on September 21, 1996.

Gabriel Iglesias' Netflix special, I'm Sorry for What I Said When I Was Hungry, was filmed at the arena in 2016.

Creed incident
On December 29, 2002, rock band Creed were set to perform on tour promoting their album Weathered. Lead singer Scott Stapp (who had endured a widely publicized addiction to alcohol) arrived to the performance too intoxicated to enunciate any lyrics. The band performed three songs before Stapp's incoherent behavior began to noticeably affect their ability to perform. Four concertgoers sued Stapp and the band for failing to complete their performance, though this lawsuit was ultimately dismissed, and many criticized Stapp for his behavior throughout the incident. Creed later issued an apology on Stapp's behalf.

Reagan-Bush rally

On November 4, 1984, Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush held a campaign rally in the Horizon, two days before the 1984 presidential election.

title: Allstate Arena


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Slieve League

Slieve League or Slieve Liag is a mountain on the Atlantic coast of County Donegal, Ireland. At 601 m, it has the second-highest sea cliffs in Ireland after Croaghaun, and some of the highest sea cliffs in Europe.

Belfast naturalist Robert Lloyd Praeger wrote in 1939:"A tall mountain of nearly 2000 feet, precipitous on its northern side, has been devoured by the sea till the southern face forms a precipice likewise, descending on this side right into the Atlantic from the long knife-edge which forms the summit. The traverse of this ridge, the 'One Man's Path', is one of the most remarkable walks to be found in Ireland - not actually dangerous, but needing a good head and careful progress on a stormy day....The northern precipice, which drops 1500 feet into the coomb surrounding the Little Lough Agh, harbours the majority of the alpine plants of Slieve League, the most varied group of alpines to be found anywhere in Donegal."

Slieve League is often photographed from a viewpoint known as Bunglass. It can be reached by means of a narrow road that departs from Teelin. The final few kilometers of this route are built along a precipice and include several places where the road turns at the crest of a rise.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Slieve League


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Make-A-Wish Foundation

The Make-A-Wish Foundation is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded in the United States that helps fulfill the wishes of seriously ill children. Make-A-Wish was founded in 1980 and is headquartered in Phoenix. The organization operates through its 59 chapters located throughout the United States. Make-A-Wish also operates in about 50 other countries through 39 international affiliates. Professional wrestler John Cena holds the title for the most wishes granted by a single individual, at over 650 wishes.

Hunting and fishing
Make-A-Wish stopped granting wishes involving hunting-related activities, including fishing, use of firearms or other weapons that are designed to cause animal injury in 1996. This was largely due to concerns over child safety, pressure from animal-sensitive donors, and criticism from animal rights groups. In response, three organizations were formed: Hunt of a Lifetime, which arranges hunting trips for terminally ill children; Catch-a-Dream, which was conceived by Mississippi outdoorsman Bruce Brady and formed by his loved ones following Brady's death from cancer to grant hunting experiences to ill children; and Life Hunts, founded by the Buckmasters American Deer Foundation.

In popular culture

 * In the 1997 made-for-TV movie A Child's Wish, Missy's wish is to go to the White House to meet the president who was responsible for signing the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 into law, which her father lobbied to pass after being fired for visiting Missy in the cancer ward. Make-A-Wish is not sure she will get to meet the president or be allowed to see the Oval Office, but in the end, President Bill Clinton, playing himself in a cameo appearance, meets her to make her wish come true.
 * A 1997 sketch of the HBO series Mr. Show with Bob and David focuses on a knock-off of Make-a-Wish called "Dream of a Lifetime", an organization run by two men trying to offer a discount for families of ill children, but whose lack of resources or connections ends with one of them in prison.
 * In the South Park episode "Kenny Dies", Make-A-Wish is satirized when they visit Kenny in the hospital and ask what his one wish is.
 * In the Family Guy episode "If I'm Dyin', I'm Lyin'", a parody of the Make-A-Wish called the Grant-a-Dream Foundation was presented.
 * In January 2008, the satirical news site The Onion produced a parody video claiming that the Make-A-Wish was bankrupted due to a child's wish for "infinite wishes". The video was apparently so convincing that some people believed it to be real, and it had to be debunked by the urban legends website Snopes. The Mansion and The Chaser's War on Everything did similar sketches about the Make-A-Wish, the latter causing an unprecedented amount of controversy.
 * In the 2008 feature film New York, I Love You, an unnamed boy (played by Anton Yelchin) takes a girl who uses a wheelchair (played by Olivia Thirlby) to prom night. When they run into an ex-girlfriend and the situation gets awkward, the girl says "Make A Wish" to release the tension, suggesting the boy is granting her wish to attend prom night while being in a wheelchair. Later, she uses the sentence "Make A Wish" again, suggesting she wants the boy to make love to her.
 * Make-a-Wish made headlines in 2013 with an elaborate Batman-themed wish, turning a young child into "Batkid". This wish was heavily publicized, and was chronicled in a documentary entitled Batkid Begins. In 2018 Batkid was considered to be cancer-free.
 * In The Fault in Our Stars, a 2014 American romantic drama film, the character Augustus suggests that Hazel should use the "cancer wish" she received from "Genies" - a fictional organization just like Make-A-Wish - to travel to Amsterdam to visit her favorite author.
 * In a comedy sketch from the Key & Peele season 4 episode "Scariest Movie Ever", Jordan Peele portrays a dying child unsettling his doctor and a Make-a-Wish representative with increasingly disturbing "wishes", deliberately provoking the doctor into calling him a "devil child" and questioning his beliefs about "the essential goodness of children."
 * In the episode "Infamous" of Ninjago, the ninja go to a hospital to fulfill a wish made by a hospital patient through the Grant-a-Wish Foundation, a reference to Make-a-Wish.
 * In Zac & Mia, a 2017 American romance teen drama web television series based on the novel of the same name, the titular character Zac uses the wish he received from Make-A-Wish to recreate prom for Mia after she initially forgoes her own due to her embarrassment over her current medical condition.
 * Four children were guest-stars on the show Cake Boss in 2017, in which Buddy Valastro helped the four children make one-of-a-kind cakes before making a hot air balloon cake for a reception for a Make-A-Wish event.
 * In Survivor: San Juan del Sur, thirteen year-old Make-A-Wish child Austin Russell contributed a reward obstacle course as part of his wish.
 * In the musical Kimberly Akimbo, the titular character Kimberly Levaco, a sixteen-year-old with an unnamed disease that makes her age four and a half times as fast as normal, sends a letter to Make-A-Wish in a song aptly titled "Make-A-Wish", agonizing over what to wish for before settling on a treehouse.
 * In 2022, Disney Cruise Line chose to christen all Make-A-Wish foundation children as the Godchildren of the newest ship in the Disney fleet, the Disney Wish. Previously ships were named after female characters and role models such as Tinker Bell, Jennifer Hudson and Mariah Carey.

title: Make-A-Wish Foundation


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Talk:List of political parties in Portugal

Socialist = Right-wing?
This page is a bit confusing since it lists Portugal's Socialist Party, a member of the Socialist International, as right-wing. Is this based on some peculiarity of Portuguese politics?98.193.89.230 (talk) 20:52, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

Partido Popular
In the article, it is mentioned that the CDS-PP was the only party to vote against the Constitution of 1976. However, being that this situation is not correctly explained, the article ends up being extremely biased against that party.

The fact is that the CDS-PP vetoed the Constitution of 1976 for it being explicitly socialistic and instauring the army as one of the main decision bodies of the State, something that not only did not happen in any other European democracy but was also a characteristic of a military dictatorship.

I believe that we should either remove that mention or explain the situation better. --MiguelFC 14:47, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

To Alfonso Silva
Just a query: I see you reverted someone's edit, removing the word "fascist", so that the text now reads, "parties are forbidden" or something like that. Does that make sense? The original makes sense - it would make sense for a constitution to forbid a fascist party. But the way you've written it makes it appear that political parties in general are unconstitutional. David Cannon 00:40, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

I linked to the first edit of the user that I reverted without reading his correction, that edit removed the word fascist, but because he later replaced the word "fascist", my revert was stupid, it was something like an edit war due to my lack of attention. Afonso Silva 00:45, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Partido Democrático do Atlântico
I have no idea where the author of the article got his information from, but the PDA is certainly not an extreme right party. Although its independentist and autonomous ideals might seem extremist at the eyes of the common Portuguese, it usually stands with the Partido Socialista in most decisions. Its leaders have even been accused recentely of being nothing more than mere puppets at the hands of the PS administration. It supported Manuel Alegre in the recent elections for the presidency. --MiguelFC 23:29, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

Although I wrote much of the article, I didn't wrote that. I don't know much of PDA, so, be bold, change it! Cheers! Afonso Silva 15:38, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:List of political parties in Abkhazia which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 16:25, 29 March 2024 (UTC)


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Vice-Chancellor of Austria

The vice-chancellor of Austria is a member of the Government of Austria and is the deputy to the Chancellor. It is functionally equivalent to a deputy prime minister in other countries with parliamentary systems.

The current vice-chancellor of Austria is Werner Kogler, since 7 January 2020.

Description of the office
Art. 69(2) of the Constitution of Austria states:

 * The Vice-Chancellor stands in for the Federal Chancellor in his complete field of functions. If both Federal Chancellor and Vice Chancellor are hindered, the Federal President appoints a member of the government to represent the Federal Chancellor.

In practice, the Vice-Chancellor is normally the leading member of the junior party within the current coalition government, frequently the party chairman. If only one party is represented in the government, the Vice Chancellor is often the Chancellor's presumed successor.

Vice-chancellors of Austria during the Interwar period
Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in 1938 (see Austria under National Socialism for details). Independence was restored in 1945.

title: Vice-Chancellor of Austria


text: File:Van Halen album.jpg

title: File:Van Halen album.jpg


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Talk:Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.

Comments
are you sure its VCR not VHS? Sony --> BetaMax JVC/Victor --> VHS
 * VCR is "video cassette recorder"122.106.255.204 (talk) 16:46, 13 February 2010 (UTC)

Formatting hides edit buttons
Hm, the sidebar seems to push all of the edit buttons down to its bottom, so that they are not near the sections that they are supposed to help you edit. This doesn't seem to happen in other articles with sidebars, such as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer_v._Grokster... why?

Statutory royalty on blank videotape?
Before reading this article, I was unaware of the statutory royalty on blank videotape. Can someone provide a citation to the relevant section of U.S. Code? --Brouhaha 21:28, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I believe this claim was in error. I fixed it & added a reference. --Jajasoon 19:30, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

Can't see the image
For some reason, I can't see the image of the tape. But if I go to other pages with the image, I see them perfectly fine. I've triedd FF and IE, and same results. —Preceding unsigned comment added by XiaoweiT (talk • contribs) 00:53, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

Second External Link down
The link to http://www.law.cornell.edu/copyright/cases/464_US_417.htm is broken -Mrseacow (talk) 06:48, 17 May 2010 (UTC)

--looks like the Link Issue has been resolved. Works fine for me. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.238.157.227 (talk) 13:57, 3 July 2011 (UTC)

Merge citation
I noticed the latest edit, a moving of the introductory citation from the first line of the intro, down to the bottom of the second sub-section of the second section...seemingly just to prevent having two separate citations to the case file. This is certainly not necessary. At the very least there can be two separate citations to the same reference. But it seems as though the Rogers citation was a direct link to the relevant part of the document for that statement in the text. This seems more useful for the reader to me. I understand the interest in keeping things tidy, but at the end of the day the whole point is what is most useful to the reader. --JohnDoe0007 (talk) 14:00, 10 October 2012 (UTC)

 * The cites were merged to avoid duplication. While cites aren't prohibited in lead sections, most articles that are not stubs do avoid them because of the principle that nothing significant should appear in a lead that doesn't also appear in the body.
 * You are right about the usefulness of linking directly to referenced parts of the decision when appropriate (especially when it did so previously), and have done so with the Rogers testimony; thank you for catching that. Ylee (talk) 14:20, 10 October 2012 (UTC)

Unfair use?
Can somebody explain something? How is it the VCR was fair use, but file sharing isn't? How is it Napster gets nailed for hosting? It amounts to making a bookstore owner liable if customers swap copies of a CD.... TREKphiler  any time you're ready, Uhura  03:22, 30 November 2012 (UTC)

Suggest rewording
I plugged in the citation needed on the line: "Ironically, the popularity of VCRs significantly benefited the film industry through the sale of pre-recorded movies." The line assumes that a non-recordable technology, such as media on ROM or live streaming, would not have been better for the industry. Since it is not possible to say for sure, I would suggest rewording the line to something like "the sale of pre-recorded movies became a source of revenue for the film industry worth gajillionz of bux as of 1999", with source. Kid Bugs (talk) 01:25, 4 March 2016 (UTC)


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Rover 3500

Two different automobiles from Rover have been called the 3500 both of which are classified as Executive Cars (E):
 * Rover P6, 1968–1977
 * Rover SD1, 1976–1986

title: Rover 3500


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Beekman Native Plant Arboretum

The Beekman Native Plant Arboretum is a three-acre (12,000 m2) arboretum in Jackson County, Oregon, United States, that features trees, shrubs and herbs from eight zones of the Siskiyou and Cascade mountains in Southern Oregon. It is located behind the historic Beekman House at 352 East California Street in Jacksonville and is named for Jacksonville pioneer Cornelius C. Beekman.

The Arboretum contains more than 175 species from the high deserts of Eastern Oregon, high-altitude subalpine slopes around Crater Lake, and serpentine soils of the Siskiyou Mountains. It features species from the chaparral, low-elevation forest and riparian zones, including grassland plants, lodgepole pine and sagebrush, buckwheat, penstemon and balsam root, and a bog with skunk cabbage and wild ginger. Most plants are labeled with name and habitat. Two footbridges cross a seasonal stream.

The arboretum was designed by Alan Horobin, in collaboration with the Jacksonville Woodlands Association, organized in 1989 to preserve the woodlands behind the Beekman House.

In March, 2000, John and Joyce Jackson, of Kingwood, Texas, concluded their nationwide project to plant trees in each state at a location containing the name of Jackson by planting five trees at the arboretum. The occasion of planting in their 50th state was marked with a ceremony hosted by the chamber of commerce and attended by many in the community.

title: Beekman Native Plant Arboretum


text:
Girov

Girov is a commune in Neamț County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of nine villages: Boțești, Căciulești, Dănești, Doina, Girov, Gura Văii, Popești, Turturești and Verșești. It also included Bălușești and Dochia villages from 1968 to 2003, when these were split off to form Dochia Commune.

The commune is located 11 km east of Piatra Neamț, on the road DN15D from Piatra Neamț to Roman, in the Cracău river valley.

Natives

 * Nicolae Dăscălescu
 * Ovidiu Marc

title: Girov


text:
Talk:Charlotte Sting

Untitled
Hi StevenHW - it has recently come to my attention that you changed the level of of several of headings. I just want to let you know that they were at that level for a reason - so all notable players could be under the "Players of Note" heading, thus limiting the number of headings in the article and making things look a lot neater. Thanks for understanding. --Jtalledo (talk) 14:49, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Charlotte Sting


text:
1864 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom

The 1864 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom abrogated the 1852 constitution issued by King Kamehameha III. It dramatically changed the way Hawaii's government worked by increasing the power of the king and changing the way the kingdom's legislature worked. It was Hawaii's constitution from 1864 through 1887, during the reigns of kings Kamehameha V, Lunalilo, and Kalākaua. It was replaced by the 1887 constitution.

Background
Kamehameha V ascended the throne in 1863. He was a firm believer that the king should be the person firmly in control of Hawaii's government and was against certain aspects of the 1852 constitution. Kamehameha V (as well as his predecessor, Kamehameha IV) was often irritated by the controls on his power by the constitution. Thus, when Kamehameha V ascended the throne, he refused to take an oath to the 1852 constitution. Instead, he called for a constitutional convention.

The Constitutional Convention
For the convention, delegates were chosen by election. They met at Kawaiahao on July 7, 1864 through August 13.

The members of the convention however, were not able to agree on Kamehameha V's constitution. Kamehameha V quickly grew impatient, dissolved the convention and, conferring with his advisors, drafted his own constitution.

On August 20, 1864 he simply abrogated the 1852 constitution as the ultimate law of the land. Even though Kamehameha V's actions did not follow the provisions set by the 1852 constitution on amending the constitution, it went without resistance for 23 years.

Changes in Hawaii's Government
The Constitution of 1864 brought several changes to Hawaii's government. Among these changes were:

 * Abolishment of the office of kuhina nui (Hawaii's version of the prime minister), an office that Kamehameha I created upon his death.
 * Change of Hawai'i's legislature from a bicameral legislature to a unicameral legislature. Prior to 1864, there were two separate houses in the legislature: The House of Nobles and the House of Representatives. After 1864, the Nobles and Representatives met together as a single body, known as the Legislative Assembly.
 * Property requirements for representatives were set up.
 * New voting requirements. Voters born after 1840 had to pass a literacy test and meet certain property requirements. However, the property qualifications for both voters and representatives were repealed by the Legislature in 1874.


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Six Flags México

Six Flags México is a amusement park located in the Tlalpan forest and borough, on the southern edge of Mexico City, Mexico. It is owned and operated by Six Flags, and is the most visited theme park in Latin America with 2.8 million annual visitors. It was previously known as Reino Aventura when it was Mexican-owned and featured the orca whale Keiko (from the movie Free Willy) as its principal attraction.

History
Reino Aventura (Spanish for "Adventure Kingdom") opened its gates on March 3, 1982, as the largest theme park in Latin America with a mascot named Cornelio, who was a purple cartoon dragon. Since its opening, no new attractions were added, thus attendance dropped. In 1992, the park was closed for an extensive remodeling as well as adding new rides, opening once again on July 3, 1993, with the new moniker El Nuevo Reino Aventura (The New Adventure Kingdom) featuring new rides such as Río Salvaje (Wild River, a raft ride), Viaje Inesperado (Unexpected Trip, a motion simulator), and Roller Skater (a Vekoma Kiddie Coaster). That same year, the feature film Free Willy was shot in the park. This attracted numerous animal rights organizations, which pressured the park to free the orca Keiko. After Keiko left, Cornelio the dragon became once again the Park's official mascot.

In 1999, Premier Parks bought Reino Aventura for an estimated $59 million. Under new administration, the park's name was officially changed to Six Flags. Twenty new attractions were added to the park, including Batman: The Ride, Kilahuea, and Medusa, a wooden roller coaster. It opened its gates again on April 14, 2000, as Six Flags México.

Premier Parks bought the rest of the stocks on Six Flags, and became Six Flags Inc., which is their current name. The latest coaster openings in Six Flags México include Superman el Último Escape (2004), The Dark Knight (2009), The Joker (2013), Medusa Steel Coaster (2014), and Wonder Woman Coaster (2018).

In 2011, the park opened Terminator X: A Laser Battle for Salvation, an indoor themed laser tag attraction. On September 6, 2012, Six Flags México announced The Joker a Gerstlauer spinning coaster for the 2013 season. The Joker was relocated from Six Flags Discovery Kingdom as Pandemonium from 2008-2012. Also announced is two new events in October and December, Festival del Terror and Christmas in the Park, both starting in 2012.

In June 2013, Six Flags México announced on Facebook that an attraction at the park will be closing at the end of summer 2013. On July 1, 2013, Cowboy Stunt Show was announce for the park. On August 29, 2013, Six Flags officially announced the renovation of Medusa to Medusa Steel Coaster that will feature steel tracks and multiple inversions for the 2014 season. On August 28, 2014, it was announced that the park would get a Funtime Starflyer named Skyscreamer in 2015. On September 3, 2015, it was announced that the park would get Justice League: Battle For Metropolis 4D in 2016, like Six Flags Great America. On September 1, 2016, it was announced that the park would get new things in 2017. They announced The New Revolution Virtual Reality Coaster and Medusa Steel Coaster, a Mardi Gras festival, and a new water park called Hurricane Harbor.

Villa Hollywood
DC Universe is a sub-section of Villa Hollywood, which includes rides themed to DC Comics.

Accidents
Carlos Joel Garza Marines, 15, fell ten meters from the "Rueda India" and broke his legs in February, 22 2019.

Abdiel Alexey, an 18-year-old visitor, suffered a head injury after flying out of an unsecured seat on El Pingüino (The Penguin) in November 2020. Original reports had been that he died from the injury in the hospital, but it was later reported that he was recovering.

title: Six Flags México


text:
User talk:Peco~enwiki

Jacques Chirac
Thank you for your reverts of the ultra-nationalistic American vandalism on Jacques Chirac. Just a note: the Guignols really do display Chirac as a liar who pilfers public money. I remember for instance Guignols shows in which Chirac was portrayed taking a bath in banknotes, or saying "who cares? it doesn't cost me anything, it's free money", and even one sketch that finished by a list of corruption-related felonies that Chirac was accused of. David.Monniaux 14:54, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, I noticed such scenes also. But they tend to disappear nowadays, depicting M. Chirac as "just" incompetent. I also thought that we should mention the fact but not give too much importance to the "guignols", which is just a show, after all.

Peco 16:33, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, it's just a show. But I think that the Guignols shape, to a sizeable extent, the perception of politicians by young people and others who are not normally interested in politics. See for instance how à l'insu de son plein gré is now used in allusion to Virenque's character. I think it's quite important to note, for the overall picture, that there are editorialists (the Guignols are editorialists, after all) and a sizeable proportion of the population who think that Chirac is a thief and a liar. David.Monniaux 18:21, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

About the "lifelong enemy of America": it was an error on my part, when copying text around etc., I by accident used the old copy. Sorry. David.Monniaux 18:21, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
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title: User talk:Peco~enwiki


text:
Rover P5

The Rover P5 is a series of large saloon and coupé cars that were produced by Rover from 1958 until 1973. The models were marketed under the names Rover 3 Litre, Rover 3.5 Litre and Rover 3½ Litre.

The P5 was a larger car than the P4 which in some respects it replaced. 69,141 examples were built.

A major step ahead for Rover came with the P5 model of 1958, a large luxury saloon with a 3-litre version of Rover's six-cylinder Inlet Over Exhaust (IOE) engine carried forward from the Rover P4 series.

It was the first Rover car with unitary bodywork, styled by David Bache. This model combined elegance with dignity, and had a traditionally well-appointed interior. Later developments of the P5 included the more rakish coupe with a lowered roof line, and the 3.5 litre V8 model of 1967 which for the first time used an all-aluminium V8 engine design purchased from the Buick Motor Division of General Motors Corporation in the United States. The 3- and 3.5-litre models became favourites for transport of dignitaries, including British Prime Ministers from Harold Wilson to Margaret Thatcher. The Queen also used several Rover P5 cars for her private motoring.

Mark I
The P5 appeared in September 1958, badged as the "3-litre". It was powered by a 2995 cc engine. This straight-6 IOE engine used an overhead intake valve and side exhaust valve, an unusual arrangement inherited from the Rover P4. In this form, output of 115 bhp was claimed. An automatic transmission, overdrive on the manual, and Burman power steering were optional, with overdrive becoming standard from May 1960.

Stopping power came originally from a Girling brake system that employed 11 in drums all round, but this was a heavy car and by the time of the London Motor Show in October 1959 Girling front power disc brakes were fitted.

The suspension was independent at the front using wishbones and torsion bars and at the rear had a live axle with semi-elliptic leaf springs.

A Mark I-A line, introduced in September 1961, featured a minor restyle with added front quarter windows, intended to "assist the dashboard ventilation". Under the metal, the 1A featured modifications to the engine mountings and the automatic transmission and hydrosteer variable ratio power steering as an option.

By 1962, when production of the original Mark I series ended, 20,963 had been produced.

An automatic version tested by The Motor magazine in 1960 had a top speed of 95.0 mph and could accelerate from 0-60 mph in 17.1 seconds. A fuel consumption of 20.5 mpgimp was recorded. The test car cost £1,864 including taxes.

Mark II
The Mark II version of the P5 was introduced in 1962. It featured more power, 129 hp, from the same 3-litre engine and an improved suspension, while dropping the glass wind deflectors from the top of the window openings which also, on the front doors, now featured "quarterlight" windows.

The most notable addition to the range was the option of the Coupé body style launched in autumn 1962. Unlike most coupés, which tend to be two-door versions of four-door saloons, this retained the four doors and was of the same width and length as the saloon, but featured a roofline lowered by 2+1/2 in along with thinner b-pillars, giving it the look of a hardtop. Hydrosteer power-assisted steering was standard on the coupé and optional on the saloon.

Production of the Mark II ended in 1965, by which time 5,482 coupés and 15,676 saloons had been produced.

Mark III

The Mark III was presented at the London Motor Show in October 1965, described at the time as "even more luxuriously trimmed and furnished". It was again available in two 4-door body styles, coupé and saloon. The Mark III used the same engine as its predecessor, but it now produced 134 hp. Externally it could be distinguished by the full-length trim strip along the body and Mark III badging; internally, it replaced the rear bench seat with two individually moulded rear seats, making it more comfortable to ride in for four occupants but less so for five.

A total of 3,919 saloons and 2,501 coupés had been sold by the time production ended in 1967.

P5B

The final iteration of the P5 appeared in September 1967. Now powered by the 3528 cc Rover V8 engine also used in the 3500, the car was badged as the "3.5 Litre", and commonly known as the 3½ Litre. The final letter in the "P5B" model name came from Buick, the engine's originator. Rover did not have the budget to develop a new engine; hence, they chose to develop the lightweight aluminium Buick engine, making it considerably stronger. While this added some weight, it still maintained the engine's light and compact features. The Borg Warner Type-35 automatic transmission, hydrosteer variable ratio power steering and front Lucas fog lights were now standard.

Output of 160 PS was claimed along with improved torque. When introduced in 1967, the Buick-designed V8 produced 160 PS at 5,200 rpm and 210 lbft of torque at 2,600 rpm. The greater power of the engine, along with its lower weight, provided improved performance as well as fuel economy.

The exterior was mostly unchanged, apart from bold "3.5 Litre" badging, a pair of fog lights which were added below the headlights, creating a striking four-light array, and the fitting of chrome Rostyle wheels with black painted inserts. The P5B existed as both the 4-door coupé and saloon body style until end of production. Production ended in 1973, by when 9,099 coupés and 11,501 saloons had been built.

The 3½ Litre saloon variant was a favourite of high-ranking government ministers, and served as Prime Ministerial transport for Harold Wilson, Edward Heath, James Callaghan, and Margaret Thatcher. As testament to their suitability, the last batch of P5Bs to roll off the Rover line in June 1973 was purchased by the British government and placed in storage, to be released for government use as required. For that reason, registered relatively new-looking P5s were therefore still familiar sights in Westminster for more than a decade after production had ended.

When Margaret Thatcher entered Downing Street in 1979 after her election victory, she was driven in a 1972 model. It was during Thatcher's eleven-year tenure that the P5 was eventually phased out as a Prime-Ministerial car, in favour of the Jaguar XJ.

Queen Elizabeth II also owned an Arden Green Rover P5B Saloon "JGY 280", which is on display at the Heritage Motor Centre, Gaydon, Warwickshire and was seen in the 18 May 2003 episode of BBC motoring show Top Gear.

Motorsport
The Rover P5 is sturdy enough to be a popular choice for banger racing.

A Rover P5 3-litre was the seventh of the "Magnificent Seven" finishers in the 1963 Safari Rally. One humorous theory is that the car was so heavy that it sank through the mud until it found bedrock.

Royal P5 and P5Bs
In some respects it is difficult to establish exactly how many Rover P5s Queen Elizabeth II had because she had arranged to carry forward her personal number plates JGY 280 on most of her private cars, with the exception of her last P5B which was JGY 280K.

In February 1961 the Queen took delivery of her first Rover P5 3 litre Mk 1 which was registered JGY 280 and finished in dark green. In May 1961 the Queen Mother took delivery of a similar 3 litre car registered VUL 4. Neither car was obviously different from standard specification, although VUL 4 did carry a discreet identifying lamp at the base of its roof-mounted radio aerial and was illuminated when in use by a member of the Royal family. This was to allow the police on point duty to quickly identify and usher the Royal Rover through the traffic.

In 1963 the Queen took delivery of the first of two 3 Litre Mk 2 cars, the first carrying forward the personal number plate JGY 280 with the second Mk 2 being built rather later, finished in Pine Green, and registered 155 HYU. This was an additional car, not a replacement, and delivered to the Royal Estate at Sandringham and is still housed in the Royal Mews and is on display for visitors to see, among other Royal vehicles.

It is clear that the Queen had considered the Rover P5 her favourite car during the 1960s and when the 3-litre models were no longer available, she took delivery of her first P5B replacement. Rover records suggest that just two P5Bs were delivered for her personal use and both were saloons, although other P5Bs were undoubtedly used by the Royal Household more generally.

The first of these two cars was VIN 84007057D, which was finished in a special dark green (Recorded as T&N Dark Green) which she specifically requested and it was delivered towards the end of January 1971 with the registration number JGY 280.

The Queen's second car was also in the T&N Dark Green and was VIN 84100723D – the last P5B manufactured in 1973 but not delivered to the Queen until March 1974, as it had a number of modifications as a consequence of the Irish troubles. The Queen appears to have wanted to retain her private registration JGY 280 which had been on all of her earlier Rovers, but the car was given the contemporary number of JGY 280K – presumably because that was less conspicuous for a car which she used to drive unaccompanied on public roads. , both cars were still owned by the Queen and retained at the Gaydon Motor Heritage Museum.

title: Rover P5


text:
John Bowne

John Bowne (1627–1695), the progenitor of the Bowne family in America, was a Quaker and an English immigrant residing in the Dutch colony of New Netherland. He is historically significant for his struggle for religious liberty.

Background
Born in Matlock, Derbyshire, on 9 March 1627, Bowne emigrated with his father and sister to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1648. Bowne became a merchant and married well, his first wife Hannah Feake (ca.1637–1678), whom he married in 1656, being a great-niece of Governor John Winthrop of Massachusetts. Bowne and his bride, along with his in-laws William Hallet and Elizabeth Fones, soon became adherents of the new doctrine of Quakerism, which was then being actively repressed in most of the English colonies of New England. Accordingly, by 1661, they had relocated to Flushing, Long Island, where a small group of English-speaking Quakers were attempting to practice their faith in defiance of the Dutch governor of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant.

Fight for religious freedom
In 1662, Bowne was arrested by the New Amsterdam sheriff, Resolved Waldron, under orders of Governor Stuyvesant, for allowing a Quaker meeting in his house. Refusing to pay the assessed fine, or to depart from the province, he was sent to Holland for trial before the Dutch West India Company. There, he successfully exonerated himself by appealing to the guarantees of religious liberty contained in the Flushing patent of 1645 granted by Governor William Kieft; see Flushing Remonstrance. Winning the respect of his judges by his uncompromising stance, he was released, and returned triumphantly home in 1664, Governor Stuyvesant being ordered to extend tolerance to all religious sects.

Although New Netherland was soon to become the English colony of New York, the ideal of religious freedom for which John Bowne had stood up was upheld by the province's new rulers, serving as an example for the other English colonies in North America, and ultimately to the framers of the American Constitution as well.

A 1672 letter from Bowne and other Quakers to the Governor of New York explaining their conscientious refusal to contribute funds for the repair of the fort of New York is one of the earliest examples of American Quaker war tax resistance.

John Bowne later served in the provincial assembly of New York, dying in Flushing on 20 December 1695.

Family
John Bowne's first wife Hannah Feake (or Feke) was the daughter of Elizabeth Fones. They had 8 children.

John Bowne's second wife was Hannah Bickerstaff (married 2 February 1679/1680) and had 6 children (2 died soon after birth).

John Bowne's third wife was Mary Cock (married 26 June 1693) and had two children.

Descendants
Bowne's descendants played notable roles in all aspects of life in America, from politics to business and academia. They include:
 * Robert Bowne (1744–1818), founder in 1775 of Bowne & Co., the company with the longest history of trading on the New York Stock Exchange
 * Samuel S. Bowne (1800–1865), U.S. Representative for the 19th District in New York
 * Walter Bowne (1770–1846), Mayor of New York City.
 * Daniel M. Frost (1823–1900), one of the few Northern Generals to fight with the Confederacy during the Civil War
 * Thomas Jaggar (1871–1953), volcanologist and founder of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
 * Robert Bowne Minturn (1805–1866), 19th Century merchant and shipper
 * Iain Murray, 10th Duke of Atholl (1931–1996), Scottish peer and landowner
 * Kyra Sedgwick, actress
 * Margaret Suckley (1891–1991), archivist for, and confidant of, President Franklin D. Roosevelt
 * Julia Thorne (1944–2006), 20th-century author and wife of John Kerry

Legacy
John Bowne High School, PS 20 John Bowne Elementary School, and Bowne Street in Flushing, Queens are named in his honor. Bowne Park is named after his descendant, New York City mayor Walter Bowne, whose country estate once occupied the site.

The Bowne House at Bowne Street and 37th Avenue in Flushing still stands, and is open to the public as a New York City designated landmark and a Registered Historic Place.

In October 2018, a memorial stone was unveiled and a lime tree planted on the corner of Lime Tree Road and Hurst Rise, Matlock, Derbyshire, the site of John Bowne's birthplace, Lime Tree Farm.

title: John Bowne


text: Template:User nl

title: Template:User nl


text:
User talk:Violetriga/Templates5

Brilliant. Each permanent template (as opposed to FAC, et al) could be even more compact, with smaller icons and a single line for many of them. +sj +  14:57, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the compliment and the suggestion - a smaller icon would convey all that is necessary, but a larger one draw enough attention to those that require it. Hopefully we'll have the slightly smaller ones created soon. violet/riga (t) 15:03, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

It looks pretty nice, except the white backgrounds don't go all the way across the page, giving the templates a ragged edge. Was this intentional? RSpeer 17:55, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * To me there is no white background. I've fixed the width now – it looks no different to me but should be better for you. violet/riga (t) 18:27, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Violetriga/Templates5


text:
High Inquisitor

High Inquisitor may refer to:

 * Grand Inquisitor, the lead official of the Inquisition
 * Hogwarts High Inquisitor, fictional character in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series
 * Imperial High Inquisitor, fictional character in the Star Wars franchise

title: High Inquisitor


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ted Sizer

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. · Katefan0(scribble) 20:55, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

Ted Sizer
Looks like self promotion, and probably doesn't meet notability criteria. The contact information in the article probably creates a problem too. (Unsigned by )

 * The only problem with this entry is that it doesn't give the man the credit he deserves. He is an absolute giant in the field. (unsigned by )

 * I was abslolutely shocked that this was ALL the Wiki had on Sizer. I recommend: remove the contact information, and regard this as a stub to be expanded. Theodore ("Ted") Sizer is known to practically all knowledgeable educators for his 1984 "Horace's Compromise," and has been churning out books since then. And although he's relatively unread outside of education circles, this doesn't have to be the case; his writing is engaging and readable enough for anyone, unlike much of the educational philosophy writing. In fact, anyone with a vested interest in schooling--including anyone who has a child in school or went to school themself--ought to read "Horace's Compromise." --Andrew Bonner (unsigned by )
 * Comment nominator failed to list on vfd, now fixing (no vote) --Doc (?) 16:34, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep notable educator, underwhelming article. Plenty of google hits, books on Amazon, etc... -- DS1953 17:41, September 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * I revised the article. -- DS1953
 * Keep. Definitely a notable educationalist, as article now clearly demonstrates Sliggy 21:07, September 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, Google hits seem to indicate notability even further than what is indicated in the article. Zoe 21:20, September 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Unquestionably notable figure. Name should be corrected to form used for book authorship. Judge Magney 22:27, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as educational educationalist. Capitalistroadster 23:43, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable figure within his field.  Hall Monitor 17:03, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. More notable than the article suggests.  --JahJah 13:47, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
John Bowne House

The John Bowne House is a house in Flushing, Queens, New York City, that is known for its role in establishing religious tolerance in the United States.

Built around 1661, it was the location of a Quaker meeting in 1662 that resulted in the arrest of its owner, John Bowne, by Peter Stuyvesant, Dutch Director-General of New Netherland. Bowne successfully appealed his arrest to the Dutch West India Company and established a precedent for religious tolerance and freedom in the colony. His appeal helped to serve as the basis for the later guarantees of freedom of religion, speech and right of assembly in the Constitution.

Many of John Bowne's descendants engaged in abolitionist anti-slavery activism. For example, John's great-grandson Robert Bowne was an early founder with Alexander Hamilton and others of the Manumission Society of New York in 1784. Some of its residents such as Mary Bowne Parsons’ son William B. Parsons have also been documented as acting as conductors assisting fugitive slaves on the Underground Railroad prior to the American Civil War.

The home is a wood-frame Anglo-Dutch Colonial saltbox, notable for its steeply pitched roof with three dormers. The house was altered several times over the centuries, and several generations of the Bowne family lived in the house until 1945, when the family deeded the property to the Bowne Historical Society. The Bowne House became a museum in 1947. The exterior has since been renovated. Archaeological investigations have been conducted by Dr. James A. Moore of Queens College, City University of New York.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, and is also a New York City designated landmark.

title: John Bowne House


text: User talk:210.84.85.119

title: User talk:210.84.85.119


text:
Talk:Bomba (cryptography)

Untitled
Did Alan Turing attend the meeting in Poland in July 1939 ? Lysy 14:59, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * No, there was Knox, Menzies and someone else, but not Turing. — Matt Crypto 15:14, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It would be interesting to reconstruct who actually was present from each of the parties. Do you think there might be anything available on the meeting in British archives ? I believe each of the teams had to make some reports that, although classified at that time, might be available in the archives today. Not the Polish one though, as they've destroyed everything because of the German invasion (well, some might still be buried somewhere in what then was Romania). Anyway, such notes could reveal what were their impressions after the meeting etc. Lysy 16:27, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Oops, no got that wrong; apparently Menzies wasn't there either. From (summarising a Cryptologia article): According to Sexton, "Beesly identifies Humphrey Sandwich, not Stewart Menzies of SIS, as the third member" of the British group that met with the Poles in July 1939.
 * Beesly, Patrick. "Who Was the Third Man at Pyry?" Cryptologia 11, no. 2 (Apr. 1987): 78-80
 * I would suppose that Sexton's article might contain some references to various relevant sources. Someday I really need to take a minibus trip and spend a day browsing back issues of Cryptologia... — Matt Crypto 17:48, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I wonder who the French were, apart of Gustave Bertand. It's a shame that old issues of Cryptologia aren't online. Lysy 18:13, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The July 1939 Warsaw meeting
The known participants at the trilateral July 25, 1939, Warsaw meeting included:

Poles: Marian Rejewski, Henryk Zygalski, Jerzy Różycki (Cipher Bureau mathematician-cryptologists), Lt. Col. Gwido Langer (Cipher Bureau chief), Major Maksymilian Ciężki (Cipher Bureau German-section chief), Col. Stefan Mayer (General Staff intelligence chief);

French: Major Gustave Bertrand (French radio-intelligence chief), Capt. Henri Braquenié (of the French Air Force staff);

British: Alfred Dillwyn Knox (chief British cryptologist), Commander Alastair Denniston (chief of Britain's Government Code and Cypher School, or GCCS), Commander Humphrey Sandwith (chief of the Royal Navy's intercept and direction-finding stations).

Main source: Władysław Kozaczuk, Enigma:  How the German Machine Cipher was Broken, and How It Was Read by the Allies in World War Two, edited and translated by Christopher Kasparek, Frederick, MD, University Publications of America, 1984.

logologist 06:59, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

In July 1978, a year and a half before his death, Marian Rejewski told historian Richard Woytak about the working meetings at Pyry, just south of Warsaw, on July 25, 1939:

"[M]y colleagues [Jerzy Różycki and Henryk Zygalski] and I talked with the specialists, the cryptologists. We split things up so that … Zygalski and Różycki … explained things in English, as well as they could — they didn't speak English well, in fact hardly at all — but somehow they managed to make themselves understood.  They talked with Knox, and I spoke in French with Braquenié.  Since I knew some French, it was only natural … that I would take Braquenié.  And [laughing] and since my colleagues knew neither French nor English, it was absolutely all the same whom they took, you see.…  Just how much Braquenié understood, I don't know; but there's no question that Knox grasped everything very quickly, almost quick as lightning.  It was evident that [the British] really had been working on … Enigma.…  So they didn't require many explanations. They were specialists of a different kind — of a different class. Knox. Later Denniston also came by briefly — but as the chief [of the British cryptological organization]. And Bertrand would also come by.…

"[There was another person present.] But it isn't clear just who he was.  There is a suspicion it was Menzies [then-Col. Stewart Menzies, deputy chief of Britain's Secret Intelligence Service, from the end of 1939 the chief].  They said … his name was Sandwich.…  But he only came in for a moment — made as if he wasn't even looking, just talked with Denniston [who] happened to be there.  [H]e exchanged a few words with him, I don't know what [about].  That … Frenchman Braquenié nudged me with his elbow and said:  'Sandwich — his name is Sandwich.'  [Laughing:]  And the man left — a moment later he left.  It's one of those mysteries.  But — Mayer claims it was most certainly Menzies.…  Mayer met him [again, after the war].  It's hard [to imagine Mayer] making this up.  But, then again, Bertrand claims it wasn't [Menzies], that he knew this Sandwich well, [that] he was a radio expert, or something like that. It's hard to know what to make of this." (In Kozaczuk, Enigma 1984, p. 236.)

logologist 08:20, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

"[At] the meeting … in July 1939, the first question that … Dillwyn Knox asked was: 'What are the connections in the entry drum?' …  Knox's niece, Penelope Fitzgerald, states in her 1978 book, The Knox Brothers … that Knox was furious when he learned how simple it was.  [The connections were in alphabetical order.]"  (Marian Rejewski, in Kozaczuk, Enigma 1984, p. 257.)

logologist 09:21, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Hm, interesting. Thanks, I should've looked it up myself. Maybe Beesly's "Who Was the Third Man at Pyry?" in Cryptologia is based on some research of the British archives and confirms either version. It would be also interesting to learn what happened with the information gathered by Knox upon his return to Britain. He must have written a report of the meeting i presume (but obviously I don't know what the procedures were, so he may have not as well, or it was destroyed). Lysy 08:46, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It is generally accepted by serious historians (e.g., see David Kahn's Seizing the Enigma) that the third Briton at the July 1939 meeting was Commander Humphrey Sandwith (spelled with a "t", not a "c"). You won't find most of the above material in the Polish editions of Kozaczuk's 1984 book, which reprint only one of Rejewski's papers and don't contain Woytak's interview.  The same, incidentally, may be said of Kozaczuk's posthumous 2004 Enigma, except that it doesn't include any of Rejewski's papers and actually perpetuates the Menzies-at-Warsaw myth.  logologist 10:26, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Wordage
I would think that any decent historical cryptanalyst would take issue with the wording on the caption on the German Army stecker board. The board's configuration added very little additional security (which primarily was thought to come from the changing configuration of the rotors). --enm 19:15, 27 Dec 2006 (UTC)
 * As I understand it, that was not the case, and the caption is correct. Which decent historical cryptanalysts do you have in mind? — Matt Crypto 20:50, 27 December 2006 (UTC)

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plug
In the background section, it says "and the settings of the stecker plugboard". "Stecker" is German for "plug", so isn't this a redundancy that isn't needed? Bubba73 You talkin' to me? 22:34, 7 April 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bomba (cryptography)


text:
Category:Augusta asteroids

See parent category for proper sortkey usage instructions.

title: Category:Augusta asteroids


text:
Thumbnail (cliff)

The Thumbnail is a sea cliff in Kujalleq, South Greenland.

Geography
It is located in Cape Farewell region, ca. 50 km to the east from the town of Nanortalik, over the west side of Torssukátak Fjord (also known as Torssukátak Sound) between the mainland and Pamiagdluk Island. It belongs to the Maujit Qaqarssuasia (Qoqarssuasia) massif, and is 1560 m a.s.l. on its eastern flank. The nearest peak dominating the neighboring ridge is Agdlerussakasit (1760 or 1706 m a.s.l.) and some of the reports on the climbs on the cliff also refer to this summit's name.

Ascents
In 2000, 2003 and 2007 there were established 4 climbing routes on the east face, all starting from the sea. The hardest one is the earliest, British route, established in the steepest, right-hand part of the face in 2000 and graded as English E6, 6b or American 5.12c. The route finishes on the subsidiary top/outcrop (which was in 2000 called as Thumbnail itself) and has altitude approximated by altimeter as 1350 meters a.s.l. (originally 4490 ft, see references, AAJ 2001, pp. 64 and 70).

title: Thumbnail (cliff)


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Jinxter

Jinxter is an interactive fiction video game developed by Magnetic Scrolls and published by Rainbird in 1987 for 8-bit and 16-bit home computers of the time. Jinxter tells the story of a man on a mission to save the fictional land of Aquitania from the looming threat of evil witches. The game was well received by critics upon its release.

Gameplay

Jinxter is a text-based adventure, where the player controls the protagonist character by typing in command sentences. Most versions use graphics for illustrations, with the exception of the text-only Spectrum +3 and Apple II versions. It was famous for its quirky, eccentric humour, as many of the textual descriptions are very long and have a humorous aspect. Each of the five charms provides a magic spell, and the words to trigger these spells are common placeholder names. Unlike many other text adventures, in Jinxter the player character almost never dies during the course of gameplay (the only exception to this rule is at the game's final confrontation ). However, the player can lose some luck and be unable to complete the game later on.

Plot
The game is a science fantasy comedy set in the fictional country of Aquitania, which bears a strong resemblance to early-to-middle 20th century Britain. The central characters in the story are the Guardians, immortal guardian angel-like beings who look after and help people. The Guardians - members of ARSE, the Association of Registered Stochastic Executives - are described as liking to wear herringbone overcoats and eat cheese sandwiches. Centuries ago the country was threatened by the rising dark power of the wicked Green Witches until the good magician Turani created a magical object, called the Bracelet, which holds luck and distributes it throughout Aquitania to limit and keep in check the witches' magic, banning the dangerous parts of the witchcraft and rendering them relatively harmless. However, the new high witch Jannedor has enough of the restraints. She has obtained and disassembled the Bracelet, stripped it of its five magical charms and hid them in various places (the bracelet itself is worn by Jannedor), waiting for its powers to be weakened enough it could be destroyed so she would fulfill her schemes of jinx and conquest. If the charms of Turani are not reunited soon with the legendary Bracelet of Turani then luck could completely run out and the witches will regain all of their old magic and the country will again fall under their influence.

The player character is, pretty much accidentally, recruited by the Guardians to rescue his friend Xam, who was kidnapped by the witches, retrieve the charms, fix the Bracelet, and then use its powers against Jannedor to kill her and destroy her castle, thus defeating the witches and restoring luck to Aquitania. Once Jannedor's evil ambitions are put to an end, however, the player's character is put back just where he was before he began his adventure—in front of a speeding bus—and killed.

Development
Jinxter was originally conceived as an answer to Infocom's Enchanter and was created by a relatively large development team. The game was originally written by the sister of Magnetic Scrolls' founder Anita Sinclair, Georgina, who had previously written the novella A Tale of Kerovnia for The Pawn. However, due to a falling out between them, the whole text had to be rewritten in three weeks by Michael Bywater, who had previously written the What Burglar magazine for The Guild of Thieves and then helped with Corruption. The game's package contents included The Independent Guardian newspaper written by Bywater.

Reception
Jinxter received positive reviews, including the rating scores of 70% from Amiga Computing, 7/10 from Amiga User International, 88% from Amstrad Action, 8/10 from Power Play, 9/10 from Commodore User, 37/40 from Computer & Video Games, 89% from Computing with the Amstrad, 92% from Crash, 92% from The Games Machine 9/10 in Your Sinclair, and 83% from Zzap64. The game was also a commercial success. In 1998, ACE featured it on the list of 100 Top Games as "an odd adventure decorated with beautiful graphics." However, in 1996, Computer Gaming World ranked its ending as the 14th least rewarding of all time, as "even when the player won, the protagonist died." Markku Alanen in C=lehti gave four out of five stars calling it a relatively fine game in its own genre but complained that the game did not use Amiga's graphical capabilities well, the parser didn't offer much new and game's truly British humor may leave many Finnish players cold.

title: Jinxter


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Category:Veritas asteroids

See parent category for proper sortkey usage instructions.

title: Category:Veritas asteroids


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User:Kerish~enwiki

Welcome on my page.

My main work is at the German wikipedia. Here I will make only little corrections at articles with German or European subject.

de:Benutzer:Kerish als:Benutzer:Kerish

title: User:Kerish~enwiki


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Another Country (play)

Another Country is a 1981 British play written by English playwright Julian Mitchell. It premiered on 5 November 1981 at the Greenwich Theatre, London.

The play won the Society of West End Theatre Awards Play of the Year title for 1982. The play takes its title from a lyric in the British patriotic hymn "I Vow to Thee, My Country." It has been described as a "hit play", and that "in the theatre business the play is a legend, having launched the careers of several pimply actors in their very first jobs, including Kenneth Branagh, Rupert Everett, Daniel Day-Lewis and Colin Firth."

Plot synopsis
Another Country is loosely based on the life of the spy Guy Burgess, renamed "Guy Bennett" in the play. It examines the effect the persecution of his orientation, and exposure to Marxism, has on his life, and the hypocrisy and snobbery of the English public school he attends. The setting is a 1930s public school where pupils Guy Bennett and Tommy Judd become friends because they are both outsiders. Bennett is gay, while Judd is a Marxist. Judd was based on John Cornford, who died fighting in the Spanish Civil War."

The play opens with the discovery that a pupil named Martineau has hanged himself after being caught by a teacher having sex with another boy. The first act follows the reaction of some of the students to his death as the senior boys try to keep the scandal away from both the parents and the outside world. Barclay, the Head of Gascoigne's House, moves towards a nervous breakdown, blaming himself for the boy's despair. Bennett, the only openly gay member of the school, pretends nonchalance but is deeply troubled by the suicide. His best friend Judd, the school's only Marxist, believes the death is a symptom of the school's oppressive regime. When the parents of the aristocratic Devenish threaten to remove him from the school in light of the scandal, Fowler (a prefect) attempts to crack down on the perceived perversion in his House, and to persecute Bennett in particular. The other students initially defend Bennett's provocative and incendiary behaviour (partly due to Bennett's ability to blackmail them with knowledge of their own same-sex trysts). Meanwhile, Judd is reluctant to become a member of the school's exclusive 'Twenty-Two' society (a name which references Eton's 'Pop') himself. This is because he feels that this would endorse the school's system of oppression. However, he agrees to do so – after much pressure from his peers Menzies and Bennett – in the hope of preventing the hated Fowler from becoming Head of House in the wake of the Martineau scandal. But in the end, Judd's moral sacrifice is for nothing. In the second act, Fowler intercepts a letter from Bennett to his lover Harcourt, and Bennett's supporters fade away. Bennett is beaten, Judd is humiliated, and it is Devenish who is ultimately invited to join 'Twenty-Two' in the place of Bennett, shattering Bennett's childhood dream.

In the play's closing scene, Bennett and Judd recognise that the school's illusory hold upon them has been broken and that the British class system relies strongly on outward appearances. They begin to contemplate life anew, inspired by the example of Devenish's rebellious uncle, Vaughan Cunningham (who, in a subplot, visits the school). Bennett picks up Judd's copy of Das Kapital, and muses, 'Wouldn't it be wonderful if all this was true?’

Productions
The original 1981 Greenwich Theatre production featured Rupert Everett as Guy Bennett and Joshua Le Touzel as Tommy Judd. The other cast members being Devenish Piers Flint-Shipman, Menzies David Parfitt, Fowler Michael Parkhouse, Sanderson Christopher Villiers, Barclay Matthew Solon, Delahay Simon Dutton, Wharton Gary Carp, and Vaughan Cunningham David Wiliam. Upon transferring to the Queen's Theatre in the West End in March 1982, where Kenneth Branagh took the role of Judd and after the first six months, Daniel Day-Lewis took over the role of Guy Bennett, and in 1983 the role of Guy Bennett was played by Colin Firth.

The play won the Society of West End Theatre Awards Play of the Year title for 1982.

The play has developed a strong connection with Oxford Playhouse, which revived it in 2000 in a new production directed by Stephen Henry (transferred to the Arts Theatre, Westminster, from September 2000 until January 2001). It was revived again at Oxford Playhouse in February 2013 by OUDS-supported University of Oxford student company Screw the Looking Glass.

In September 2013, a co-production of Theatre Royal, Bath and Chichester Festival Theatre, directed by Jeremy Herrin, transferred to London's Trafalgar Studios in 2014. That production featured Rob Callender and Will Attenborough as Guy and Tommy, respectively.

Adaptations
In 1984, the play was adapted into a movie directed by Marek Kanievska and starring Rupert Everett as Guy Bennett and Colin Firth as Tommy Judd. The film also starred Michael Jenn (Barclay), Robert Addie (Delahay), Rupert Wainwright (Donald Devenish), Tristan Oliver (Fowler), Cary Elwes (James Harcourt), Piers Flint-Shipman (Menzies) and Anna Massey (Imogen Bennett).

The play was adapted for radio and broadcast on BBC Radio 4 Extra on 26 May 2013 as part of BBC Radio 4 Extra's Cambridge Spies season, starring Tom Hiddleston as Tommy Judd.

title: Another Country (play)


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Talk:Baltimore Penn Station

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Anyone know if it's 1515 or 1525 North Charles Street? Google gives results for both. --SPUI (talk) 15:05, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Amtrak.com says 1515 North Charles Street --Starionwolf 01:21, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Future Expansion
The Maryland Transportation Authority planned to have six proposed mass transit lines. The Blue and Yellow lines are supposed to have Penn Station as one of its proposed stations. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Youngsouljah25 (talk • contribs) 05:30, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

Penn Station Light Rail
The Penn station has a light rail station. In The Baltimore Region Rail System Plan the proposed blue line, which is one of the planned 6 lines.

Name?
Despite my tenure here, I'm not really sure how to get a formal proposal on this but I think the title would be better as Penn Station (Baltimore), at least in modern times, I have never once seen or heard it referred to as Pennsylvania Station and Penn Station seems to be WP:COMMONNAME. Praxidicae (talk) 20:01, 25 February 2020 (UTC)
 * What you should do is bring it up on relevant Wikiproject spaces, or with other transit writers like me, instead of just going ahead with it. I'll let you know, Pennsylvania Station (New York City) has had several requested moves to things like "Penn Station", but the consensus is always against that informal nickname, even if it's what most people use. The same applies here, I think. ɱ  (talk) 03:40, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

Page name consistency
I've noticed that of the three Pennsylvania Stations that still use the name, this is the only article to be titled with 'Penn Station' rather than 'Pennsylvania Station', as with New York and Newark's respective stations. Given moves for both of those articles to New York Penn Station and Newark Penn Station appear to have been rejected even as recently as this past June, I wanted to ask what the consensus is about this article specifically, especially as 'Pennsylvania Station' is etched into the facade of the station building in Baltimore. Pokemonred200 (talk) 02:55, 5 November 2020 (UTC)
 * I can't think of a good reason to keep the name as "Pennsylvania Station." Penn Station is the only widely used name for the station, the full name is a formality. It is easy to miss the label on the front of the building because it is currently under renovation. The official website for the renovation calls it "Baltimore Penn Station":https://baltimorepennstation.com/
 * Likewise, every official agency which operates at Penn Station calls it Baltimore Penn Station. See https://www.mta.maryland.gov/marc-station-information for example, or https://www.amtrak.com/stations/bal . Ambiguity is unavoidable here even without considering other cities, as one of the Baltimore Metro stations is named Penn-North station after Pennsylvania Avenue, a major street which Baltimore Penn Station is not on. People familiar with both would be able to tell that Baltimore Penn Station and Penn-North station refer to different rail stations, but Pennsylvania Station is not a recognizable name so it could conceivably refer to something else until you click on it. -Middle river exports (talk) 20:24, 18 June 2022 (UTC)
 * I naively attempted to move it to Penn Station two years ago and was told unequivocally that transit wikiprojects more or less owns the naming rights to the article... PRAXIDICAE🌈 20:26, 18 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Agency names are a mixed bag. Amtrak calls the station in New York "Moynihan Train Hall at Penn Station"; I doubt we would locate an article at that title. Mackensen (talk) 20:30, 18 June 2022 (UTC)

Requested move 18 June 2022

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Moved (non-admin closure) >>> Extorc . talk  04:25, 25 June 2022 (UTC)

Pennsylvania Station (Baltimore) → Baltimore Penn Station – This is the most commonly used name in multiple official sources, in most secondary sources, and is known as this by the general public. Pennsylvania Station may be a valid expanded form, but Penn Station is sanctioned as the name for this station to a degree where calling it anything else makes it less recognizable. To that end, I am emphasizing that this request only pertains to this station and does not ask for anything related to other stations with a similar name. Many of those have been evaluated independently already, but I do not think the same reasoning is applicable in every case, which is why I am requesting this for Baltimore Penn Station.

It may be worth noting that the name "Baltimore Penn Station" also is helpful in that it naturally disambiguates better from Penn-North station, a metro station in Baltimore named after Pennsylvania Avenue. The inclusion of the city name in the station name both matches how it is commonly referred to, and adds context that it is an inter-city passenger rail hub. When I think of things named "Pennsylvania" as it pertains to features with more local relevance, I tend to think of Pennsylvania Avenue first, which is in a different part of the city than Penn Station.

See for example:
 * https://www.amtrak.com/stations/bal
 * https://www.mta.maryland.gov/marc-station-information
 * https://baltimorepennstation.com/

--Middle river exports (talk) 20:34, 18 June 2022 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Support. I did a somewhat cursory search of Google Books for "baltimore station amtrak" (not as a phrase). When the qualifier is used, "Baltimore Penn" is used; I don't think I saw "Pennsylvania Station" once. The disambiguation also makes sense in this case, given the long-time presence of mainline B&O stations in the city. Like Middle River Exports, I don't take this as precedent-setting for any other article. Certainly "Pennsylvania Station" is a legitimate form of the name, but the Pennsylvania Railroad has been gone for over fifty years, and it was probably called "Penn Station" even then. Mackensen (talk) 21:04, 18 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Support per above. Lived in Baltimore for years and only heard it called "Penn Station" in both formal and informal contexts, as already documented. Calling it "Pennsylvania Station" just seems tendentious at this point. --Jfruh (talk) 23:57, 18 June 2022 (UTC)
 * support per nom, and my previous statements. PRAXIDICAE🌈 00:05, 19 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Support I've noticed that both Amtrak and the station's own website use the Baltimore Penn Station name, as does MARC. In other sources, there's some use of the Baltimore Pennsylvania Station name, but that might be influenced by the present title of this Wikipedia article. Pretty clear that the WP:COMMONNAME is Baltimore Penn Station. Trainsandotherthings (talk) 14:42, 19 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Baltimore Penn Station