text:
Crimpshrine

Crimpshrine was an American punk rock band from Berkeley, California. The group was formed in 1982 by Aaron Cometbus, founder of the seminal punk rock zine Cometbus, and future Operation Ivy vocalist Jesse Michaels. They grew out of the East Bay scene, centered on 924 Gilman Street, and had an important influence on later East Bay bands such as Operation Ivy, Green Day and punk rock in general.

Establishment (1982–1986)
Crimpshrine originally formed in 1982 under the name S.A.G. with Aaron Cometbus playing guitar and Jesse Michaels (later of Operation Ivy) on vocals, both 13 years old. Michaels initially attempted to play guitar, but "didn't know any chords, so I played with my thumb." According to Cometbus, the band had a "serious lack of equipment" during this time, as they had one drum and only 3 strings on the guitar, which was tuned to a barre chord. They quickly added friend Jeff Ott, then 12, on drums initially but switched to guitar soon after and Cometbus took over drums. Regarding Ott's guitar skills, Michaels described him as "twenty times better than us". Michaels was kicked out of the band in 1984, which he said was for "smoking too much pot", and Ott and Cometbus changed the band's name to Crimpshrine. According to Ott, the name came from a nickname for a girl they knew who had "bleached-blond, burned, crimped hair." The group initially wanted a female singer, but could not find one so Ott took over on vocals in late 1984 and they then went through various different line-ups during 1985. Ott began experimenting with playing synthesizer and piano, a man named Isaac joined on violin and Tim Armstrong (then known as Lint) played bass for a brief period. Pete Rypins joined as the group's bassist in October 1986 and, according to Cometbus, "started to get out of Jeff's basement and play some parties and shows."

Active years (1987–1989)
After Rypins joined, they played shows sporadically during its early years, with vocalist Ott living on the streets of Berkeley for a time. In February 1987, the group recorded their first demo tape at 924 Gilman Street, which received enough circulation that Maximumrocknroll asked the band to record songs for the magazine's upcoming compilation Turn It Around!, to which the band agreed and recorded "Another Day" and "Rearranged" in August. Shortly after, they went to Dangerous Rhythm in Oakland, California to record songs for their debut EP with producer/engineer Kevin Army. David Hayes, co-founder of Lookout Records, was impressed with the band and offered to release the tracks recorded at Dangerous Rhythm. The group agreed and their debut EP Sleep, What's That? was released in January 1988. Idon Bryant, a friend of the band's, joined on second guitar soon after and they went to Dancing Dog Studios in Emeryville, California to record their debut album in April. Although the recordings were turned down by Lookout, the band added tracks from previous sessions and released Lame Gig Contest in Germany on the label Musical Tragedies.

Crimpshrine then embarked on their only United States tour in September 1988. The tour was a contentious one, with Idon Bryant and Pete Rypins abruptly leaving the band in Gainesville, Florida and heading home. Stuck in Florida without a bassist, friends Ben Weasel and John Jughead of Screeching Weasel drove out from Chicago to help them out and the former played bass with the band for two shows. A bit later when Screeching Weasel was without a drummer, Cometbus played drums with them for two shows around Chicago. Paul Curran was then courted to join Crimpshrine on bass, so he and his brother Jack drove out in a Ford Pinto and finished the tour with the band. After the tour in January 1989, they went to Dancing Dog Studios again and recorded what would end up being their final release, the Quit Talkin' Claude... EP.

Break-up and legacy
The group broke up in May 1989 shortly after the release of the Quit Talkin' Claude... EP. Cometbus went on to perform in Pinhead Gunpowder among many other bands, Ott went on to front Fifteen, Curran joined Monsula and Rypins became the bassist for Tilt and later The Tantrums.

In recent years, the band has been regarded as influential by many of their peers, including Operation Ivy, Green Day, Jawbreaker, Screeching Weasel and Less Than Jake, among others. A tribute album to both Crimpshrine and Fifteen, called Can You Spare a Dime?, was released in 1998 by Microcosm Publishing. Crimpshrine is featured in the 2017 documentary Turn It Around: The Story of East Bay Punk.

Although closely associated with the Gilman Street Project, Cometbus was quick to note in a 1988 interview with Flipside magazine that they were not a direct product of Gilman, having been established as a band years before the launch of the club. "We helped them as much as they helped us because we are a part of it just as much," Cometbus said.

Band members
Main members
 * Aaron Cometbus – drums (1984–1989), guitar (1982–1984)
 * Jeff Ott – lead vocals, guitar (1984–1989), drums (1983–1984)
 * Pete Rypins – bass, backing vocals (1986–1988)
 * Idon Bryant – guitar (1988)
 * Paul Curran – bass (1988–1989)

Other members
 * Jesse Michaels – lead vocals (1982–1984)
 * Lint – bass (1984)

Discography
Studio albums
 * Lame Gig Contest (1989)

EPs
 * Sleep, What's That? (1988)
 * Quit Talkin' Claude... (1989)

Split EPs
 * Closed Up, Caught Up and Fucked Up (with Mutley Chix) (1989)
 * Burning Bridges (with G-Whiz) (1989)
 * "Better Half" / "Sanctuary" (with Jawbreaker) (1993)

Compilation albums
 * Duct Tape Soup (1992)
 * The Sound of a New World Being Born (1998)

Other appearances
 * "I Don't Know Why" on Bay Mud – Not on Label (1986)
 * "2nd Generation Junkies" on Lethal Noise – Not on Label (1986)
 * "Rearranged" on Lethal Noise, Vol. 2 – Not on Label (1987)
 * "Another Day" and "Rearranged" on Turn It Around! – Maximumrocknroll (1987)
 * "Trying Too Hard", "Sanctuary" and "Construction" on Caution – Skene! Records (1988)
 * "Pick Up the Pieces" on The World's in Shreds: Volume 1 – Shredder Records (1988)
 * "Summertime" on The Thing That Ate Floyd – Lookout! Records (1988)
 * "Pretty Mess" on The World's in Shreds: Volume 2 – Shredder Records (1989)
 * "Free Will" on Make the Collector Nerd Sweat – Very Small Records (1990)
 * "Walk Away" and "I Don't Know Why" on Lest We Forget – BBT Tapes (1991)
 * "Tomorrow" and "INXS/Going Home" on Benicia – Take a Day (1993)

title: Crimpshrine


text:
Don Whillans

Donald Desbrow Whillans (18May 1933 – 4August 1985) was an English rock climber and mountaineer. He climbed with Joe Brown and Chris Bonington on many new routes, and was considered the technical equal of both.

Early life
Born and brought up in a two-up two-down house in Salford, Lancashire, Whillans began hiking on the Pennine moors while still at Broughton modern school; climbing was the next step for an adventurous young boy.

Climbing career
Whillans was an apprentice plumber when he started his climbing career with Joe Brown in 1951. Whillans met Brown while climbing at the Roaches in Staffordshire. When Brown's climbing partner failed to follow him up a new route, Whillans asked if he could try—and subsequently led the second pitch of Brown's new route, which became known as "Matinee".

From rock climbing he expanded into mountaineering with trips to the Alps where ascents included the "Bonatti Pillar" of the Dru and the first ascent with Chris Bonington, Jan Długosz and Ian Clough of the Central Pillar of Freney on Mont Blanc.

In 1957 he made his first visit to the greater ranges on an expedition to Masherbrum (7821 m) in the Karakoram. The expedition was unsuccessful: Bob Downes died on the mountain and the highest point reached by the team was about 200 m below the summit. Other more successful expeditions followed: in 1962 with Bonington he made the first ascent of the Central Torres del Paine in Patagonia, and with Dougal Haston he made the first ascent of the south face of Annapurna in Bonington's 1970 expedition. These experiences led to his participation on the expeditions to Everest in 1971 and 1975.

Whillans was attributed with safety and mountain awareness, as evidenced by his retreat from the Eiger North Face on several occasions because of bad weather or rockfall. He had few climbing accidents, although there were several near misses, such as when a fixed rope on the Central Torres del Paine snapped and he managed to put his weight on the holds with split-second timing before retying the rope.

Personality
Whillans was well regarded for his capacity to deliver a cracking one-liner off the cuff. One example which encapsulates his wry humour concerns him encountering a team of—to his mind—poorly equipped Japanese mountaineers attempting the north face of the Eiger. "You going up?" Whillans asked them. "Yes! Yes!" came the reply. Pause, then Whillans: "You may be going a lot higher than you think."

Whillans participated in the 1971 International Expedition and 1972 European Everest Expedition, each attempting to climb Mount Everest's southwest face. The latter expedition was plagued with personality conflicts and the withdrawal of many climbers. While in camp, some other climbers overheard news that England had lost a football match to Germany. "It seems we have beaten you at your national sport", said a German. After a pause Whillans replied, "Aye, and we've beaten you at yours...twice." Another incident occurred one night in an alpine hut when two climbers were engaged in a whispered conversation disturbing the sleep of other climbers, one of whom was Whillans. Eventually he demanded that they shut up; there was a brief pause before one of the youths aggressively refused to be quiet, remarking into the darkness "Who do you think you are?" The gruff reply of "Whillans" was followed by complete silence. However, Whillans's biographer Jim Perrin suggests many of these stories are myths. Whillans liked to emphasise his working class credentials, and on lecture tours, enjoyed telling the story of being stormbound in a tent high in the Himalayas with Dougal Haston who had finished reading The Lord of the Rings and passed him the book. Whillans read a few pages and remarked: "I'm not reading that crap, it's full of fooking fairies"!

Whillans was a heavy drinker, which harmed his career after the expedition to Annapurna and may have contributed to his early death. Although he was only 5 ft tall, he had a reputation as a brawler and stories of his prowess circulated.

He designed mountaineering equipment, including the "Whillans Harness", once described as designed to safely transport beer-guts to great height, and the "Whillans-box" expedition tent.

Death
He died at the age of 52 of a heart attack and was the subject of a biography titled The Villain by the author–climber Jim Perrin in 2005.

Legacy
The British Mountaineering Council maintain a climbing hut near the Roaches in memory of Whillans.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Don Whillans


text:
User talk:Transfinite

Welcome to the Wikipedia
I noticed you were new, and wanted to share some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library

For more information click  here . You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Sam Spade 19:49, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Edits to article Piotr blass
Please read carefully my comments about the notability of the information. thanks dr piotr blass

AFD
Thanks and sorry for the mess up with Bonkum. ^^; Probably bit off more than I can chew. How does one wrap up discussions? Oo -WarthogDemon 00:24, 5 November 2006 (UTC)
 * An admin will close the discussion after 5 days. No need to do anyhting. --Transfinite 02:15, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

Cybercafe.com
I recenty made an AfD for Cybercafe.com, when an admin came along and deleted the page, while leaving the AfD page up: Articles for deletion/Cyberpunkcafe.com. Should I have not made the page? -WarthogDemon 07:07, 7 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually, that just happened to me (Articles for deletion/The Wine Kone). There are three ways to delete stuff: speedy deletion (WP:CSD), which is articles that can be deleted without discussion: nonsense,  blatant advertising, vanity articles, etc.  Proposed deletion (WP:PROD), which is for  uncontroversial deletion candidates that do not meet the criteria for speedy deletion.  These articles can be deleted if a {prod} tag stays on the article for five days. Then there is Articles for Deletion WP:AFD, which is a five day debate on whether or not to delete an article.  You just have to use your best judgement to decide what kind of deletion to use.  Also, AfDs that were speedy deleted stay up as a record.  Happy editing! --Transfinite 18:11, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for the correction
I've been adding things so quick to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_general_elections%2C_2006 that I did not put things in lower case. thankxs —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Lazurs (talk • contribs) 18:50, November 7, 2006 (UTC)

Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents

 * I've logged an incident report based on User:Miracleimpulse's latest accusations against me and since you also were referred to as a "spin doctor" in this accusation I thought I'd let you know in case you wish to comment. I personally am tired of being called an industry insider when I've never worked for a candy, greeting card, or gift company.--Isotope23 15:24, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I see what you did there. [[Image:smile.png]] -- Mr. Slugworth, er I mean --Transfinite 03:03, 1 December 2006 (UTC)
 * FYI, I'm writing a response, but it may take a while. --Transfinite 03:32, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

Phrasing on Holidays banner
I used the phrase "supported by", as opposed to the older "part of", because some editors have objected to what they perceive as a claim of ownership which they saw in that phrasing. However, given that this project is at bit more narrowly-focused than many of the others, there may well be no complaint regarding it. Badbilltucker 18:56, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

I changed it because User:Miracleimpulse was complaining about it in Talk:Sweetest Day. The user in question really dislikes Sweetest Day, so I changed it to something that doesn't imply approval. How about "within the scope of"? --Transfinite 19:00, 11 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Sounds fine by me. Badbilltucker 19:07, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

Re:Rockford Armory
That's cool. I probably wasn't paying as much attn. as I should have. If you don't take a new one I'll probably be there soon as well and try to get one.A mcmurray 17:27, 20 January 2007 (UTC

City Hall Picture

 * Transfinite, I really didn't want to see you freeze your butt taking a winter picture of City Hall, so I took the liberty of "playing" with your picture. I hope you don't mind. Feel free to use it until you get the shot you want in warmer weather. Image: RockfordCityHall2wiki.jpg Srebob 16:05, 21 January 2007 (UTC)srebob

Arbitrary Section Break
HUDSON VALLEY? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.217.67.33 (talk • contribs) 18:32, January 24, 2007

What are you talking about? I pretty sure I haven't worked on any articles about that. --Transfinite 18:36, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

Adding of HippoEDIT
Dear Transfinite, can you please explain me why you have removed my updates "Adding of HippoEDIT" of article "Comparison of text editors". Please describe this in examples, taking one of other editors in the list. Please also check article discussion page, and makes remarks there. --KefirX 11:31, 5 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Hello Transfinite can you please answer me in "Comparison of text editors" discussion page? --KefirX 10:26, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

Mecha as Practical War Machines

 * Done. User:Transfinite/Mecha as Practical War Machines.  Only one usable revision, I think, so that's the one I've left it at, but the history is there. Guy (Help!) 10:30, 5 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Looks like it was spun out from the Mecha article, I'll try to properly credit the authors based on the history there. --Transfinite 18:10, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

German Valley, Illinois
Well, I would like a few images for the page of German Valley if you don't mind. Maybe one of the downtown for the page at least? Why not expand upon the article and research it. Rockford, Illinois is up for collaboration if you see the talk page for it. Vote for it if you want, and if it wins we will focus on that one next after Springfield, Illinois.--Kranar drogin 19:35, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
 * There's not much of a downtown, but I'll take a picture today or tomorrow. Heck, I might even dig up a citation for the bank robbery last April. --Transfinite 20:39, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
 * That would be great to have a photo. A history on how the village was founded would be great also. I will help you a little in expansion, but I don't know much about it.--Kranar drogin 08:15, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

Talk:Conservapedia
There is a whole bunch of material missing from the Talk:Conservapedia page. The deletion or revert is not showing up in the history. What happened?

Thank you for the Refactor suggestion. I'm new and want to do a good job without stepping on toes. Now, I need to find collaborators to help. What is the best way to get the ball rolling? Paradoxos 00:10, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

 * A whole bunch of stuff got archived from that page here: Talk:Conservapedia/Archive 1, is that what you are referring to? As for refactoring, it isn't something I've ever done, I've just archived stuff, so I don't have any experience with it.  I was aware of the page from WP:TALK from some talk page archives I've done.  --Transfinite (Talk / Contribs) 03:58, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * whatever it was, it was corrected. I need to talk to someone -- check out my dOOd comment on Mykll42.
 * i'm posting the same thing on your pages as i posted on Mykll42's. All I can tell is, that it looks like someone has done a whole lot of cutting and pasting -- check out the military sections. Specifically, USS New Jersey and List of Marine Corps Weapons articles. Copious amounts of information are well edited with no citations and a single reference to work in the public domain. My concern is: are these articles adequately cited and could lack of citations reflect poorly on Wikipedia? paradoxos 20:30, 24 March 2007 (UTC)
 * useful information -- thank you and sorry for bothering you! paradoxos 20:44, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned fair use image (Image:Conservalpha.png)
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Image:LW3.jpg
Hello, Transfinite. An automated process has found and will an image or media file tagged as nonfree media, and thus is being used under fair use that is in your userspace. The image (Image:LW3.jpg) was found at the following location: User:Transfinite/Mecha as Practical War Machines. This image or media will be removed per criterion number 9 of our non-free content policy. The image or media will be replaced with Image:NonFreeImageRemoved.svg, so your formatting of your userpage should be fine. This does not necessarily mean that the image is being deleted, or that the image is being removed from other pages. It is only being removed from the page mentioned above. All mainspace instances of this image will not be affected Please find a free image or    media to replace it with, and or remove the image from your userspace. User:Gnome (Bot)-talk 19:21, 16 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I didn't realize that was image was copyrighted. Whoops. (Yeah talking to a bot, I know). --Transfinite (Talk / Contribs) 21:51, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

Yu-Gi-Oh! The abridged series
I've deleted Yu-Gi-Oh! The abridged series and closed the AfD you opened for it. Thanks a ton for catching that. --Slowking Man 16:08, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I wasn't sure if that qualified for a speedy delete since I didn't know what the other ones looked like, so I put it up for AfD to be on the safe side. Didn't realize there had been five AfDs for it. --Transfinite (Talk / Contribs) 01:39, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Protected titles/Yugioh the abridged series. Yikes. --Transfinite (Talk | Contribs) 22:10, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

Copyright notice at MTG article.
First: Minor gripe, but no need to make three edits when one will suffice.

Second: Those notices are there by the terms of the "with permission" from Wizards of the Coast. Yes, we technically don't need them because we're still using it based off a fair use rationale. That said, there is no requirement *not* to use them, either, and it's being a "good neighbor" to do so. See Talk:Magic: The Gathering/Archive3 for information on that. SnowFire 00:49, 21 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Ok, I'll revert it back. I did it in three edits since the article was so long, it was easier to hit the section edit. --Transfinite (Talk / Contribs) 00:59, 21 July 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Conservlogo2.png)
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Transfinite


text:
Trinidad and Tobago Guardian

The Trinidad and Tobago Guardian (together with the Sunday Guardian) is the oldest daily newspaper in Trinidad and Tobago. The paper is considered the newspaper of record for Trinidad and Tobago.

History
Its first edition was published on Sunday 2 September 1917. The newspaper, now owned and published by Guardian Media Limited, began as a broadsheet but in November 2002 changed to tabloid format, known as the "G-sized Guardian". In June 2008, the paper changed to a smaller-size tabloid. The main office of the Guardian is located at St. Vincent Street, Port of Spain, with a branch office on Chancery Lane, San Fernando, and the Head office which is located on 4-10 Rodney Road in Chaguanas. On 2 September 2017, the Trinidad and Tobago Guardian celebrated its 100th anniversary. Shortly after on 11 September 2017, the company launched a new layout. The slogan of the paper is The Guardian of Democracy.

Since 1955, according to an advertisement in Editor & Publisher, the Trinidad Publishing Co. operated the Guardian, the Sunday Guardian, and the Evening News.

title: Trinidad and Tobago Guardian


text:
Talk:Baksheesh

[Untitled]
I didn't put the "Factual Accuracy" tag up, but I am the first to post to this discussion. I have nothing to contribute, since I know nothing about this topic. I'm going to go try to find someone who does... --Jpbrenna 19:50, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

In Bulgarian бакшиш (pronounced baksheesh) means tip in the conventional sense. It's also a (slightly derogatory?) way to refer to taxi drivers (as you are expected to round all sums you pay up). —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 83.228.6.138 (talk • contribs).

I tried looking for this page by entering "backsheesh" in to the search engine. I feel this could be a common misspelling, and therefore nominate this new, though invented, spelling into the lexicon, pointing to the correct Wikipedia entry, Baksheesh. I only found this page by typing "Backshish," which is a gross misspelling of the correct form. We should correct this oversight.

--Torchpratt 12:59, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Greek
The Greek translation in the fourth line of the Etymology section appears to start with "mu pi" instead of "beta" - I assume that's a typo? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.170.27.164 (talk) 06:25, 19 July 2015 (UTC)
 * No, it is normal, modern Greek has no other way to spell [b] (beta, which is called vita in modern Greek, is pronounced [v]). See Greek orthography Шурбур (talk) 10:25, 24 August 2016 (UTC)

Mark Twain
Innocents Abroad, also noted when visiting Goliath's tomb, "Bucksheesh opened the door." Not only is this a clever turn of phrase, but it's likely literally the first thing he heard when the door keeper opened the door. Rklawton (talk) 18:44, 4 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Baksheesh


text:
Saurimo

Saurimo, formerly known as Henrique de Carvalho, is a city in Angola. It is the capital of Lunda Sul Province. As of 2014, Saurimo has a population of 393,000 people, which steadily grows as a result of migration.

History
The city was formerly known as Henrique de Carvalho, a Portuguese explorer, who visited the region in 1884 and first made contact with the local Lunda people. In 1956, Saurimo was raised to city status.

Geography
Saurimo is located in northeastern Angola at an elevation of 1,084 m above sea level. It is a garrison town and local market center.

Economy
The main economic activities in Saurimo include agriculture, farming, and diamonds. Other smaller industries include fishing and handicraft. The SMC (Sociedade Mineira de Catoca) is one of the world's largest mining areas, along with Endiama which helps distribute its diamonds worldwide.

Transportation
Saurimo is served by Saurimo Airport, which has scheduled service to the capital Luanda. As of April 2023, there are announcements of a branch line from Luena on the Benguela Railway to Saurimo.

Notable people

 * Yola Araújo is an Angolan songwriter and musician;

title: Saurimo


text:
User talk:Your Local Jeff

I was wondering your opinion on the world today. Is it slowly rising above it's past sins, or slowly spirallin glower into the dank mud that it is currently wallowing in. (My opinion, agree or disagree.) My words might appear harsh, but this is seen through my eyes. If you wish to counter, please writea response.

title: User talk:Your Local Jeff


text:
Lichida

Lichida is an order of typically spiny trilobite that lived from the Furongian to the Devonian period. These trilobites usually have 8–13 thoracic segments. Their exoskeletons often have a grainy texture or have wart or spine-like tubercles. Some species are extraordinarily spiny, having spiny thoracic segments that are as long or longer than the entire body, from cephalon (head) to pygidium (tail). The sections of the pygidia are leaf-like in shape and also typically end in spines.

The order is divided into two families, Lichidae, and Lichakephalidae. Some experts group the families of the closely related order Odontopleurida within Lichida, too, whereupon the family is then divided into three superfamilies, Dameselloidea, containing the family Damesellidae, Lichoidea, containing the families Lichidae and Lichakephalidae, and Odontopleuroidea, containing the family Odontopleuridae.

Lichids are some of the largest trilobites, with the second and third largest trilobites (Uralichas hispanicus, and Teratapsis grandis) being in the order

Taxa traditionally placed within Lichida
As mentioned earlier, the order Lichida is divided into two families.

Lichidae

 * Acanthopyge
 * Akantharges
 * Allolichas
 * Amphilichas
 * Apatolichas
 * Arctinurus
 * Autoloxolichas
 * Borealarges
 * Ceratarges
 * Conolichas
 * Craspedarges
 * Dicranogmus
 * Dicranopeltis
 * Echinolichas
 * Eifliarges
 * Gaspelichas
 * Hemiarges
 * Homolichas
 * Hoplolichas
 * Hoplolichoides
 * Jasperia
 * Leiolichas
 * Lichas
 * Lobopyge
 * Lyralichas
 * Mephiarges
 * Metaleiolichas
 * Metalichas
 * Metopolichas
 * Neolichas
 * Nipponarges
 * Ohleum
 * Oinochoe
 * Otarozoum
 * Paraleiolichas
 * Perunaspis
 * Platylichas
 * Probolichas
 * Pseudotupolichas
 * Radiolichas
 * Richterarges
 * Rontrippia
 * Terataspis
 * Terranovia
 * Trimerolichas
 * Trochurus
 * Uralichas
 * Uripes

Lichakephalidae

 * Acidaspidella
 * Acidaspides
 * Acidaspidina
 * Archikainella
 * Belovia
 * Bestjubella
 * Brutonia
 * Colossaspis
 * Eoacidaspis
 * Lichakephalus
 * Lichokephalina
 * Metaacidaspis
 * Paraacidaspis
 * Usoviana

title: Lichida


text: Category:Siu Sai Wan

title: Category:Siu Sai Wan


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Talk:Presidential Hotel, Enugu

Redirected after Votes for deletion/Presidential Hotel, Enugu. Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 19:53, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Presidential Hotel, Enugu


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Legion State Park

Legion State Park is public recreation area located on the north edge of the city of Louisville, Mississippi, and adjacent to Tombigbee National Forest. As Legion State Park Historic District, the state park entered the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. It is managed by the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks.

History
The park is one of the original Mississippi state parks developed by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s. The CCC began creating the park in October 1934; it opened the public in July 1937. It includes the Legion Lodge, a hand-hewn log structure that has remained unaltered since its construction. Legion Lodge is the oldest structure within a Mississippi state park.

Activities and amenities
The park features fishing on two small lakes (12 acre and 4 acre), primitive and developed campsites, cabins and cottages, a 1.6 mi nature trail, picnic area, and CCC-era visitors center.

title: Legion State Park


text: User talk:139.184.30.18

title: User talk:139.184.30.18


text: Category:Mass media in Trinidad and Tobago


text: Category:Heng Fa Chuen

title: Category:Heng Fa Chuen


text: Category:Chai Wan

title: Category:Chai Wan


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Honoria Glossop

Honoria Glossop is a recurring fictional character in the Jeeves stories by English comic writer P. G. Wodehouse. Athletic as well as scholarly, she is a formidable young lady and one of the women whom Bertie Wooster reluctantly becomes engaged to.

Life and character
Honoria Glossop (full name Honoria Jane Louise Glossop) is the daughter of Sir Roderick Glossop and the older sister of Oswald Glossop. Large, brainy, and athletic, she has an assertive personality and a forceful voice. She plays every kind of sport, and Bertie suspects she may have boxed for her university. She has a strong presence; Bertie notes that "there is something about Honoria which makes almost anybody you meet in the same room seem sort of under-sized and trivial by comparison." A graduate of Girton College, Cambridge, she is interested in intellectual pursuits, and reads Nietzsche and Ruskin.

In the Jeeves canon, Honoria gets engaged to Bertie Wooster twice. The first instance occurs sometime around the end of "Scoring off Jeeves". Bertie does not actually want to marry her, but he is too intimidated by Honoria, and by his Aunt Agatha who wants him to marry Honoria, to turn her down. The engagement is over by the end of "Sir Roderick Comes to Lunch". Both short stories appear in The Inimitable Jeeves.

Honoria is briefly engaged to Bertie's friend "Biffy" Biffen in "The Rummy Affair of Old Biffy". Honoria has a cousin, Heloise Pringle, who appears in the short story, "Without the Option". Heloise resembles her cousin in almost every respect. Both of these stories are collected in Carry On, Jeeves.

She is mentioned in "Jeeves and the Yule-tide Spirit" (in Very Good, Jeeves), in which Aunt Agatha's plan to have the engagement between Honoria and Bertie restored is preemptively thwarted by Jeeves.

Bertie finds himself engaged to Honoria a second time in the short story "Jeeves and the Greasy Bird", after Bertie courts her to make the novelist Blair Eggleston jealous, hoping that Blair will be compelled to admit his feelings to Honoria. Though events do not proceed exactly as Bertie planned, Honoria returns Blair's feelings, and ultimately, she is engaged to Blair. Blair Eggleston had previously appeared in the novel Hot Water.

Appearances

 * The Inimitable Jeeves (1923)
 * "Scoring off Jeeves" (1922)
 * "Sir Roderick Comes to Lunch" (1922)
 * Carry On, Jeeves (1925)
 * "The Rummy Affair of Old Biffy" (1924)
 * Plum Pie (1966)
 * "Jeeves and the Greasy Bird" (1965)

Honoria is mentioned in several stories, including:

 * Carry On, Jeeves (1925)
 * "Without the Option" (1925)
 * Very Good, Jeeves (1930)
 * "Jeeves and the Yule-tide Spirit" (1927)
 * Thank You, Jeeves (1934)
 * Joy in the Morning (1946)

Quotes
Honoria is distinctive for her vigorous laugh, which is described in several different stories by Bertie Wooster:
 * "She chucked back her head and laughed with considerable vim. She had a penetrating sort of laugh. Rather like a train going into a tunnel."
 * "I was interrupted in my meditations by a noise like the Scotch express going under a bridge. It was Honoria Glossop laughing."
 * "Honoria, you see, is one of those robust, dynamic girls with the muscles of a welter-weight and a laugh like a squadron of cavalry charging over a tin bridge."
 * "How it happened, I couldn't tell you to this day, but I once got engaged to [Sir Roderick Glossop's] daughter, Honoria, a ghastly dynamic exhibit who read Nietzsche and had a laugh like waves breaking on a stern and rock-bound coast."
 * "Honoria Glossop was hearty, yes. Her laugh was like a steam-riveting machine, and from a child she had been a confirmed back-slapper."

Adaptations

 * Television
 * Joanna Rigby portrayed Honoria in the 1965–1967 television series The World of Wooster.
 * Elizabeth Kettle played Honoria in the 1990–1993 television series Jeeves and Wooster.
 * Stage
 * In the 1975 musical Jeeves, Honoria was portrayed by Angela Easterling.
 * In the London premiere of By Jeeves, the 1996 rewrite of the previous musical, Honoria was portrayed by Lucy Tregear.
 * Film
 * Donna Lynne Champlin played Honoria in the 2001 recording of the musical By Jeeves.
 * Radio
 * Honoria was voiced by Miriam Margolyes in the 1973–1981 series What Ho! Jeeves.

title: Honoria Glossop


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Indonesia at the 1992 Summer Olympics

Indonesia competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. 42 competitors, 27 men and 15 women, took part in 31 events in 10 sports. They won both Men's and Women's singles as their first gold medal here from badminton that appeared for the first time at the summer Olympics. They made it the first time Indonesia won gold at the Olympics, and also made Indonesia the first Southeast Asian country to win gold. Alan Budikusuma and Susi Susanti, who later married, had the Olympic anthem played on their wedding day.

Medalists

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Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors participating in the Games:

Archery
Only one of the women who had won Indonesia's first Olympic medal returned in 1992. Two of the three Olympic rookie women did not advance into the elimination round, while the one that did was defeated in her first match. In the men's competition, Hendra Setijawan advanced to the quarterfinals before being defeated.

Badminton

 * Men

 * Women

Canoeing
Qualification Legend: QR = Qualify to Repechages; q = Qualify to semifinal
 * Sprint

Track
Two male cyclists represented Indonesia in 1992.

 * Men's sprint
 * Tulus Widodo Kalimanto - (2nd round repechage)

 * Men's 1 km time trial
 * Herry Janto Setiawan - (27th place)

Fencing
Two male fencers represented Indonesia in 1992.

 * Men's épée
 * Handry Lenzun
 * Lucas Zakaria

Judo

 * Men's Lightweight 71 kg
 * Wahid Yudhi Sulistianto - (22T)

 * Men's Half-Heavyweight 95 kg
 * Hengky Pie - (32T)

 * Women's Middleweight 66 kg
 * Helena Miagian Papilaya - (13T)

 * Women's Half-Heavyweight 72 kg
 * Pujawati Utama - (13T)

Table tennis

 * Men's singles
 * Anton Suseno - 3 of 4, Group M

 * Women's singles
 * Ling Ling Agustin - 3 of 4, Group E
 * Rossy Pratiwi Dipoyanti - 2 of 4, Group I

 * Women's doubles
 * Ling Ling Agustin / Rossy Pratiwi Dipoyanti - 3 of 4, Group H

title: Indonesia at the 1992 Summer Olympics


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William Gray Purcell

William Gray Purcell (July 2, 1880 – April 11, 1965) was a Prairie School architect in the Midwestern United States. He partnered with George Grant Elmslie, and briefly with George Feick. The firm of Purcell & Elmslie produced designs for buildings in twenty-two states, Australia, and China. The firm had offices in Minneapolis, Minnesota; Chicago, Illinois; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Portland, Oregon.

Early life and education
Purcell was born in Wilmette, Illinois on July 2, 1880. His parents, Charles A. and Anna Cora Purcell lived first with William Cunningham and Catherine Garns Gray, Anna's parents, in Oak Park, Illinois. Although the Purcells eventually moved into their own home, except for brief periods the young boy remained with his grandparents over the next five years. In 1886, William Gray Purcell began living permanently with them at his own request. His father was an important grain trader, and his grandfather was editor of The Interior, and a writer of national repute.

For many summers, W. C. Gray had taken fishing vacations on the peninsula of upper Michigan. In 1885, however, he was saddened to realize the extent to which the environment had been despoiled by destructive logging and mining practices. In 1886 Gray arranged the purchase of three square miles of land surrounding an island on a lake in northern Wisconsin, in co-ownership with the recently widowed Nettie Fowler McCormick, also of Chicago. Every following summer from 1887 until his death in 1901, Gray brought his family, friends, and associates to Island Lake Camp, as the isolated forest enclave came to be called.

During this time Purcell became skilled as a photographer, his hobby made possible by the newly available commercial outfits which supplied camera, photographic plates, processing chemicals and printing papers in one package. Purcell received his first camera from W. C. Gray in 1888, a Kodak model given to The Interior office just before public release of the product.

When Purcell was fifteen, Frank Lloyd Wright built his Oak Park studio on the same block where Charles A. Purcell lived, not far from the Grays. In Chicago, where Purcell went frequently to visit his grandfather at The Interior offices, the work of Louis Sullivan continued to impress the young architect-to-be. His mind was already made up to pursue the study of the building arts in college and, following his graduation from Oak Park High School in 1899, he entered the School of Architecture at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.

While he was still enrolled in school, Purcell was hired by William E. Benson (1873–1915) to draw architectural designs for the historically African American village of Kowaliga, Alabama, which had goals of expanding their housing. Unfortunately none of the designs for Kowaliga were built.

Career
After graduation from Cornell in 1903, Purcell returned to Oak Park, Illinois. Purcell considered applying to Frank Lloyd Wright for a position in his architectural practice. Instead, Purcell took a clerking position with Ezra E. Roberts, a stable and prosperous architect of whom Charles A. Purcell thought well. During a dinner party in Oak Park, Purcell met George Grant Elmslie, then the chief draftsman for Louis Sullivan. The two men liked one another immediately, not least because of their shared interest in progressive architecture. When Purcell complained of his situation with Roberts, Elmslie offered to secure Purcell a position in the Sullivan office. However, there was not a great deal of work to be done in the office. Purcell spent five months there, from August to December 1903.

In 1904, Purcell ventured to the West Coast by way of an extended journey through the southwestern United States. He eventually arrived at Los Angeles and applied for work at the office of Myron Hunt, but there was no opening. On the recommendation of those with whom he interviewed, Purcell left southern California for San Francisco. Hired by John Galen Howard, Purcell became clerk of the works for the construction of California Hall, being built on the University of California campus at Berkeley. In 1905 Purcell moved farther up the coast to Seattle, Washington, where he worked for several months in the office of A. Warren Gould.

Purcell's father, who was afraid of the effects of the region's weather on the health of his son, offered to send him on a year-long tour of Europe. Accepting the offer, Purcell contacted his former classmate, George Feick, Jr., and two men agreed to meet in New York. In April, 1906 Purcell and Feick were greeted upon their landing at Naples, Italy, by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. After visiting Florence and Venice, they traveled across Greece to Constantinople and by June had returned to western Europe. Purcell was keen to seek out the best contemporary design and, remembering a suggestion made by Elmslie he stopped in Holland to visit the architect Hendrik Petrus Berlage. Berlage received him warmly and the two established a long-lasting friendship. Purcell was also successful in his efforts to reach Scandinavia, where he met progressive architects Ferdinand Boberg and M. Nyrop. These contacts added to his growing desire to commence his own work and shortly after returning to the United States, Purcell moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota, to open an office in partnership with George Feick, Jr.

The architectural practice most widely known as Purcell & Elmslie consisted of three partnerships. The first, Purcell & Feick, was formed in 1907. George Elmslie was an informal influence in the work of Purcell & Feick. During the last months of 1909 Louis Sullivan could no longer pay George Elmslie because of declining business fortunes, and Elmslie was forced to find a more reliable situation. By 1910 Elmslie had left the Sullivan office and moved to Minneapolis as a full partner in Purcell, Feick & Elmslie.

George Elmslie brought important business contacts that resulted in a growing number of commissions from former Sullivan clients. George Feick followed leads for projects in his hometown and handled small buildings for friends and acquaintances. Purcell continued to develop productive friendships with men who lived in small towns throughout the Midwest, which created a network of sympathizers who kept the firm advised of potential jobs. Over the course of the partnership, Purcell & Elmslie became one of the most commissioned firms among the Prairie School architects, second only to Frank Lloyd Wright.

During these years of success, personal events brought substantial changes to the lives of both Purcell and Elmslie. Profoundly affected by the death of his wife in 1912, Elmslie left Minneapolis in March 1913 and returned to Chicago where he opened a second Purcell, Feick & Elmslie office. George Feick did not completely share the intense dedication of Purcell and Elmslie to the new architecture, and in 1913 left Minneapolis to rejoin his father's business in Sandusky, Ohio. After the Woodbury County Courthouse was completed in 1918, the business of the firm entered a decline. Purcell requested the dissolution of the Purcell & Elmslie partnership in 1921.

Purcell moved to Portland, Oregon in November 1919 to join his cousin, Charles H. Purcell, in a bridge building company called the Pacific States Engineering Corporation (PSEC). After the dissolution of the firm of Purcell & Elmslie, Purcell marketed standardized plans through a variety of service firm names. The Pacific States Engineering Corporation (PSEC) houses were a mainstay of Purcell's architectural practice during the 1920s. Purcell also became involved with the Architect's Small House Service Bureau (ASHSB,) and associated himself with other area architects in numerous residential designs in and around the Portland area. He also became increasingly active in professional, civic, and arts organizations.

In 1925, Purcell met James Van Evera Bailey, a young architect who was an integral participant in both the design and construction process for four houses built during the Portland years. The largest and final major commission that Purcell received was the Third Church of Christ Scientist, in Portland, completed in 1926.

Throughout the decade, Purcell had felt a progressive decline in his physical well-being and, finally seeking medical attention in 1930, was diagnosed as having advanced tuberculosis. He closed his architectural practice and moved to a sanatorium in Banning, California. Following successful lung surgery, Purcell retired to an estate in the foothills of Southern California, near Pasadena. He continued to develop and support the cause of American architecture for another thirty years, mostly through publishing many essays, consulting with architectural historians, and other writings.

Purcell turned to writing and began an articulation of his views on art and architecture that continued prolifically until his death. Two projects were of special importance to him. From the late 1930s to the mid 1950s, he developed a series of unpublished essays called "The Parabiographies" that were commission-by-commission accounts of experiences during his architectural practice. These pages, together with many manuscripts discussing Sullivan and the "function and form" thesis, were sent for reading to George Elmslie who often added his own annotations. From 1940 to 1955, Purcell was principal contributing editor to an architectural journal, Northwest Architect, to which he contributed more than sixty articles.

During 1962–1963, Purcell had an architectural apprentice who would go on to become a significant American organic architect, Arthur Dyson. Dyson spent nearly a year in the Taliesin Fellowship prior to the death of Frank Lloyd Wright in 1959, before going to work for notable organic architect Bruce Goff, who gave Dyson a copy of a catalog from an exhibition about Purcell and Elmslie that took place in Minneapolis. Dyson sought out Purcell as a mentor. The two men spent their time together reviewing the records of Purcell and Elmslie and discussing the nature of architectural design.

After his death on April 11, 1965, he was buried in Forest Home Cemetery in Forest Park, Illinois.

Works
There are two houses built by William Gray Purcell for his personal residence in Minneapolis. The second was built in 1913 and called "Lake Place" by the Purcell family. Known now as the Edna S. Purcell House, the house is maintained by the Minneapolis Institute of Arts and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

His "Maryhill" in Edina, Minnesota, is interesting because of the documentation of how it was created. It was designed by Purcell in correspondence with the future owners, Paul and Mary Carson, and the 600 pieces of their correspondence are in the University of Minnesota's Architectural Archives.

Not all of Purcell's work fits in the "Prairie School" category. Several of his houses in Portland's West Hills show how he adapted his ideas to fit a more urban setting. A feature shared by one of those houses and Maryhill is a sleeping loft, but the Portland example also features a wooden carving of Nils on his goose flying out over the living room.

In the 1920s, Purcell moved to the Pacific Northwest where he designed a number of "cotswald" style homes.

In 1922, Purcell designed the Louis and Elizabeth Woerner House in the Alameda District of Portland's Eastside. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 2004.

In the 1930s Purcell moved to Pasadena, California. In Pasadena, Purcell first built Moderne work. His only known surviving Moderne building is his own vacation home in Palm Springs. Purcell after WW2 seems to have fully embraced modernism and some five homes designed by him from 1945 to 1965 survive in Pasadena in various levels of modification.

The William Gary Purcell papers were donated by the estate to the Northwest Architectural Archives 1965. The collection contains drawings, including plans, elevations and sections, for much of the firm's work, together with renderings, sketches, photographs and correspondence. Letters, photographs and books from Purcell's maternal grandfather (William Cunningham Gray, 1830–1901) form part of the collection. Also present in the papers are manuscripts, typescripts, and clippings.

Achievements and publications
Purcell was elected a Fellow in the American Institute of Architects in 1963.

Purcell is the author of the 1967 book, St. Croix Trail Country: Recollections of Wisconsin, a memoir of his youth spent in the Wisconsin lake country.

title: William Gray Purcell


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Rationalization (sociology)

In sociology, the term rationalization was coined by Max Weber, a German sociologist, jurist, and economist. Rationalization (or rationalisation) is the replacement of traditions, values, and emotions as motivators for behavior in society with concepts based on rationality and reason. The term rational is seen in the context of people, their expressions, and or their actions. This term can be applied to people who can perform speech or in general any action, in addition to the views of rationality within people it can be seen in the perspective of something such as a worldview or perspective (idea). An example of rationalization can be seen in the implementation of bureaucracies in government is a kind of rationalization, as is the construction of high-efficiency living spaces in architecture and urban planning. A potential reason as to why rationalization of a culture may take place in the modern era is the process of globalization. Countries are becoming increasingly interlinked, and with the rise of technology, it is easier for countries to influence each other through social networking, the media and politics. An example of rationalization in place would be the case of witch doctors in certain parts of Africa. Whilst many locals view them as an important part of their culture and traditions, development initiatives and aid workers have tried to rationalize the practice in order to educate the local people in modern medicine and practice.

Many sociologists, critical theorists and contemporary philosophers have argued that rationalization, falsely assumed as progress, has had a negative and dehumanizing effect on society, moving modernity away from the central tenets of Enlightenment. The founders of sociology had critical reaction to rationalization:

"Marx and Engels associated the emergence of modern society above all with the development of capitalism; for Durkheim it was connected in particular with industrialization and the new social division of labour which this brought about; for Weber it had to do with the emergence of a distinctive way of thinking, the rational calculation which he associated with the Protestant Ethic (more or less what Marx and Engels speak of in terms of those 'icy waves of egotistical calculation')."

Capitalism
Rationalization formed a central concept in the foundation of classical sociology, particularly with respect to the emphasis the discipline placed – by contrast with anthropology – on the nature of modern Western societies. The term was presented by the profoundly influential German antipositivist Max Weber, though its themes bear parallel with the critiques of modernity set forth by a number of scholars. A rejection of dialectism and sociocultural evolution informs the concept.

Weber demonstrated rationalization in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, in which the aims of certain Protestant Theologies, particularly Calvinism, are shown to have shifted towards rational means of economic gain as a way of dealing with their 'salvation anxiety'. The rational consequences of this doctrine, he argued, soon grew incompatible with its religious roots, and so the latter were eventually discarded. Weber continues his investigation into this matter in later works, notably in his studies on bureaucracy and on the classifications of authority. In these works he alludes to an inevitable move towards rationalization.

Weber believed that a move towards rational-legal authority was inevitable. In charismatic authority, the death of a leader effectively ends the power of that authority, and only through a rationalized and bureaucratic base can this authority be passed on. Traditional authorities in rationalized societies also tend to develop a rational-legal base to better ensure a stable accession. (See also: Tripartite classification of authority)

"What Weber depicted was not only the secularization of Western culture, but also and especially the development of modern societies from the viewpoint of rationalization. The new structures of society were marked by the differentiation of the two functionally intermeshing systems that had taken shape around the organizational cores of the capitalist enterprise and the bureaucratic state apparatus. Weber understood this process as the institutionalization of purposive-rational economic and administrative action. To the degree that everyday life was affected by this cultural and societal rationalization, traditional forms of life - which in the early modern period were differentiated primarily according to one's trade - were dissolved."

Whereas in traditional societies such as feudalism governing is managed under the traditional leadership of, for example, a queen or tribal chief, modern societies operate under rational-legal systems. For example, democratic systems attempt to remedy qualitative concerns (such as racial discrimination) with rationalized, quantitative means (for example, civil rights legislation). Weber described the eventual effects of rationalization in his Economy and Society as leading to a "polar night of icy darkness", in which increasing rationalization of human life traps individuals in an "iron cage" (or "steel-hard casing") of rule-based, rational control.

Jürgen Habermas has argued that understanding rationalization properly requires going beyond Weber's notion of rationalization. It requires distinguishing between instrumental rationality, which involves calculation and efficiency (in other words, reducing all relationships to those of means and ends), and communicative rationality, which involves expanding the scope of mutual understanding in communication, the ability to expand this understanding through reflective discourse about communication, and making social and political life subject to this expanded understanding.

"It is clear that in The Theory of Communicative Action Weber is playing something like the role that Hegel played for Marx. Weber, for Habermas, must be not so much stood on his head (or put back the right way up) as persuaded to stand on two legs rather than one, to support his theory of modernity with more systematic and structural analyses than those of the (purposive-rational) rationalization of action ... Weber 'parts company with a theory of communicative action' when he defines action in terms of the actor attaching a subjective meaning to it. He does not elucidate 'meaning' in connection with the model of speech; he does not relate it to the linguistic medium of possible understanding, but to the beliefs and intentions of an acting subject, taken to being with in isolation. This leads him to his familiar distinction between value-rational, purposive-rational, traditional and affectual action. What Weber should have done instead was to concentrate not on orientations of action but on the general structures of the lifeworld to which acting subjects belong."

The Holocaust, modernity and ambivalence
For Zygmunt Bauman, rationalization as a manifestation of modernity may be closely associated with the events of the Holocaust. In Modernity and Ambivalence, Bauman attempted to give an account of the different approaches modern society adopts toward the stranger. He argued that, on the one hand, in a consumer-oriented economy the strange and the unfamiliar is always enticing; in different styles of food, different fashions and in tourism it is possible to experience the allure of what is unfamiliar.

Yet this strange-ness also has a more negative side. The stranger, because he cannot be controlled and ordered, is always the object of fear; he is the potential mugger, the person outside of society's borders who is constantly threatening. Bauman's most famous book, Modernity and the Holocaust, is an attempt to give a full account of the dangers of these kinds of fears. Drawing upon Hannah Arendt and Theodor Adorno's books on totalitarianism and the Enlightenment, Bauman argues that the Holocaust should not simply be considered to be an event in Jewish history, nor a regression to pre-modern barbarism. Rather, he says, the Holocaust should be seen as deeply connected to modernity and its order-making efforts. Procedural rationality, the division of labour into smaller and smaller tasks, the taxonomic categorization of different species, and the tendency to view rule-following as morally good all played their role in the Holocaust coming to pass.

For this reason, Bauman argues that modern societies have not fully taken on board the lessons of the Holocaust; it is generally viewed – to use Bauman's metaphor – like a picture hanging on a wall, offering few lessons. In Bauman's analysis, the Jews became 'strangers' par excellence in Europe; the Final Solution was pictured by him as an extreme example of the attempts made by societies to excise the uncomfortable and indeterminate elements existing within them. Bauman, like the philosopher Giorgio Agamben, contended that the same processes of exclusion that were at work in the Holocaust could, and to an extent do, still come into play today.

Adorno and Horkheimer's definition of "enlightenment"
The term enlightenment is understood to describe the widest sense of thought advancement. When reaching a sense of enlightenment an individual will be liberated of their fears and will be installed within society as 'masters'. This term in the sense of rationalization is seen to refine levels of cogency with formal logic, creating discourse in the framework of being a rational being as it no longer poses the same importance, individuals will want to reach full enlightenment rather than use full rationality. In their analysis of contemporary western society, Dialectic of Enlightenment (1944, revised 1947), Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer developed a wide and pessimistic concept of enlightenment. In their analysis, enlightenment had its dark side: while trying to abolish superstition and myths by 'foundationalist' philosophy, it ignored its own 'mythical' basis. Its strivings towards totality and certainty led to an increasing instrumentalization of reason. In their view, the enlightenment itself should be enlightened and not posed as a 'myth-free' view of the world. For Marxist philosophy in general, rationalization is closely associated with the concept of "commodity fetishism", for the reason that not only are products designed to fulfill certain tasks, but employees are hired to fulfill specific tasks as well.

Consumption
Modern food consumption typifies the process of rationalization. Where food preparation in traditional societies is more laborious and technically inefficient, modern society has strived towards speed and precision in its delivery. Fast-food restaurants, designed to maximise profit, have strived toward total efficiency since their conception, and continue to do so. A strict level of efficiency has been accomplished in several ways, including stricter control of its workers' actions, the replacement of more complicated systems with simpler, less time-consuming ones, simple numbered systems of value meals and the addition of drive-through windows.

Rationalization is also observable in the replacement of more traditional stores, which may offer subjective advantages to consumers, such as what sociologists consider a less regulated, more natural environment, with modern stores offering the objective advantage of lower prices to consumers. The case of Wal-Mart is one strong example demonstrating this transition. While Wal-Marts have attracted considerable criticism for effectively displacing more traditional stores, these subjective social-value concerns have held minimal effectiveness in limiting expansion of the enterprise, particularly in more rationalized nations, due to the preferences of the public for lower prices over the advantages sociologists claim for more traditional stores.

The sociologist George Ritzer has used the term McDonaldization to refer, not just to the actions of the fast food restaurant, but to the general process of rationalization. Ritzer distinguishes four primary components of McDonaldization:

 * Efficiency – the optimal method for accomplishing a task; the fastest method to get from point A to point B. Efficiency in McDonaldization means that every aspect of the organization is geared toward the minimization of time.
 * Calculability – goals are quantifiable (i.e., sales, money) rather than subjective (i.e., taste, labour). McDonaldization developed the notion that quantity equals quality, and that a large amount of product delivered to the customer in a short amount of time is the same as a high quality product. "They run their organization in such a way that a person can walk into any McDonald's and receive the same sandwiches prepared in precisely the same way. This results in a highly rational system that specifies every action and leaves nothing to chance".
 * Predictability – standardized and uniform services. "Predictability" means that no matter where a person goes, they will receive the same service and receive the same product at every interaction with the corporation. This also applies to the workers in those organizations; their tasks are highly repetitive and predictable routines.
 * Control – standardized and uniform employees, replacement of human by non-human technologies.

Further objects of rationalization
One rational tendency is towards increasing the efficiency and output of the human body. Several means can be employed in reaching this end, including trends towards regular exercise, dieting, increased hygiene, drugs, and an emphasis on optimal nutrition. As well as increasing lifespans, these allow for stronger, leaner, more optimized bodies for quickly performing tasks.

title: Rationalization (sociology)


text:
Elbe Day

Elbe Day, April 25, 1945, is the day Soviet and American troops met at the Elbe River, near Torgau in Germany, marking an important step toward the end of World War II in Europe. This contact between the Soviets, advancing from the east, and the Americans, advancing from the west, meant that the two powers had effectively cut Germany in two.

Elbe Day has never been an official holiday in any country, but in the years after 1945 the memory of this friendly encounter gained new significance in the context of the Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

History
The first contact between American and Soviet patrols occurred near Strehla, after First Lieutenant Albert Kotzebue, an American soldier, crossed the River Elbe in a boat with three men of an intelligence and reconnaissance platoon. On the east bank they met forward elements of a Soviet Guards rifle regiment of the First Ukrainian Front, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Gordeyev. The same day, another patrol under Second Lieutenant William Robertson with Frank Huff, James McDonnell and Paul Staub met a Soviet patrol commanded by Lieutenant Alexander Silvashko on the destroyed Elbe bridge of Torgau.

On April 26, the commander of the 69th Infantry Division of the First Army, Emil F. Reinhardt, and the commander of the 58th Guards Rifle Division of the 5th Guards Army, Vladimir Rusakov, met at Torgau, southwest of Berlin. Arrangements were made for the formal "Handshake of Torgau" between Robertson and Silvashko in front of photographers the following day, April 27.

The Soviet, American, British and French governments released simultaneous statements that evening in London, Moscow, and Washington, reaffirming the determination of the Allied powers to complete the destruction of the Third Reich.

Commemorations
Monuments at Torgau, Lorenzkirch, and Bad Liebenwerda commemorate the first encounters between U.S. and Soviet troops on Elbe Day. In the United States, a "Spirit of the Elbe" plaque at Arlington National Cemetery commemorates the day.

In 1949 the Soviet film studio Mosfilm commemorated Elbe Day in the black-and-white film Encounter at the Elbe.

During the Cold War the meeting of the two armies was often recalled as a symbol of peace and friendship between the people of the two antagonistic superpowers. For example, in 1961 the popular Russian song "Do the Russians Want War?" evoked the memory of American and Soviet soldiers embracing at the Elbe River.

Joseph Polowsky, an American soldier who met Soviet troops on Elbe Day, was deeply affected by the experience and devoted much of his life to opposing war. He commemorated Elbe Day each year in his hometown of Chicago and unsuccessfully petitioned the United Nations to make April 25 a "World Day of Peace". His remains are buried in a cemetery in Torgau.

American singer-songwriter Fred Small commemorated Joseph Polowsky and Elbe Day in his song "At The Elbe".

In 1988 a plaque titled "Der Geist der Elbe" ("Spirit of the Elbe") was mounted on a stone near Torgau at the site of the encounter between troops of the U.S. 69th Infantry and the Soviet Guards.

In 1995 the Russian Federation issued a three-ruble coin commemorating the 50th anniversary of Elbe Day.

By 2010, the 65th anniversary of the event, Elbe Day events in Torgau were held annually on the weekend closest to April 25, attracting tourists to the city. Also in 2010, the U.S. and Russian presidents for the first time issued a joint statement on April 25 commemorating Elbe Day.

The meeting at the Elbe is represented in the war strategy game R.U.S.E., released in 2010 and 2011 and based loosely on World War II events.

title: Elbe Day


text:
Douglas Day Stewart

Douglas Day Stewart is an American screenwriter and film director. He graduated from Claremont McKenna College in 1962.

Writer

 * Room 222 (episodes: "KWWH", "Stay Awhile, Mr. Dream Chaser", "The Quitter" and "You Don't Know Me, He Said") (1971-1972) (TV)
 * Bonanza (episode: "The Initiation") (1972) (TV)
 * Cannon (episodes: "The Rip-Off" and "Catch Me If You Can") (1972-1973) (TV)
 * The Man Who Could Talk to Kids (1973) (TV)
 * Murder or Mercy (1974) (TV)
 * Gone with the West (1975)
 * The Last Survivors (1975) (TV)
 * The Boy in the Plastic Bubble (1976) (TV)
 * The Other Side of the Mountain Part 2 (1978)
 * The Blue Lagoon (1980)
 * An Officer and a Gentleman (1982) (also producer)
 * Thief of Hearts (1984)
 * Listen to Me (1989)
 * The Scarlet Letter (1995)
 * Silver Strand (1995)
 * What About Love (2020)

Director

 * Thief of Hearts (1984)
 * Listen to Me (1989)

title: Douglas Day Stewart


text:
Albert Scanlon

Albert Joseph Scanlon (10 October 1935 – 22 December 2009) was an English footballer. He began his career with Manchester United and was one of the "Busby Babes" who survived the Munich air disaster of 1958. Although he sustained severe injuries, he recovered and continued to play league football for Newcastle United, Lincoln City and Mansfield Town. He then went on to play non-league football until his retirement.

Early life
Born in Hulme, Manchester, Scanlon was a nephew of former Manchester United winger Charlie Mitten. He attended St Wilfred's School in Hulme. His talent for football was noticed early on, and he was selected to play for the Manchester Boys side. He joined the Manchester United groundstaff in 1950, before signing a professional contract in December 1952.

Manchester United
Scanlon made his way through the Manchester United youth system, winning two FA Youth Cups in 1953 and 1954 before making his first-team debut against Arsenal on 20 November 1954. Scanlon was involved in two league title wins – in 1956 and 1957 – but he failed to make enough appearances to earn a winners' medal on either occasion, with David Pegg being United's regular left winger during this time. Scanlon was occasionally used as a right winger, which was the regular position of Johnny Berry.

On 5 February 1958, Scanlon started on the left wing in United's European Cup quarter-final second leg away to Red Star Belgrade; for five of the players who started the game, it was to be their last match for the club. The next day, on the return journey to Manchester, the team's plane crashed while attempting to take off from Munich airport, in an incident that later became known as the Munich air disaster. The crash killed 23 of the plane's 44 passengers and crew, and Scanlon suffered a fractured skull, a broken leg and kidney damage. He did not play again that season.

He made a full recovery and was back in action at the start of the following season, going on to appear in every game that season, scoring 16 goals in the process.

Later career
Scanlon was sold to Newcastle United for £18,000 in November 1960, but his time on Tyneside was not a success and he then dropped down to a lower level to play for Lincoln City in February 1962. He was on the move again just over a year later, joining Mansfield Town in April 1963, just in time to participate in the club's celebrations at being promoted to the Third Division. Mansfield narrowly missed out on promotion to the Second Division two years later, finishing third in Division Three, but they dropped to 19th the following season and Scanlon dropped out of league football. He joined Belper Town in 1966, and retired shortly afterwards.

Later years and death
Following his retirement, Scanlon returned to the Manchester area and worked in a succession of jobs outside football, including working as a security guard at a Colgate-Palmolive factory near Old Trafford, and being a docker in Salford.

In 2006, Scanlon complained about several "inaccuracies" in an episode of Surviving Disaster focussing on the Munich air disaster, despite being consulted by the production company.

On 13 May 2007, Scanlon presented the Premier League trophy to Manchester United along with former teammate Bill Foulkes.

He attended United's victorious Champions League final appearance in May 2008 in Moscow, being flown to the game in Russia on a private jet hired by United, along with fellow Munich survivors Bobby Charlton and Harry Gregg. Bill Foulkes, the other remaining survivor, attended the game as well.

Scanlon was admitted to the Salford Royal Hospital with kidney problems and pneumonia on 21 October 2009. He was in intensive care for more than a month, and died on 22 December 2009, aged 74. His funeral was held on 13 January 2010, and more than 300 people attended the service at All Souls' Church in Weaste, including fellow Munich survivors Bobby Charlton, Harry Gregg and Bill Foulkes, and former Manchester United players Denis Law and Nobby Stiles.

title: Albert Scanlon


text: Category:Shau Kei Wan

title: Category:Shau Kei Wan


text:
Campeonato Acreano

Campeonato Acreano (sometimes referred as Campeonato Acriano) is the football league of the State of Acre, Brazil. It is organized by the Acre State Football Federation.

2020 First Division
First stage
 * The 10 clubs are divided into two groups, in which teams from one group play against all teams of the other group.
 * Last two teams are eliminated from the competition with the last one relegated to the second division, while the two best of each group qualify to the semifinal.
 * In the semifinal, the best-placed team of each group face the second-best-placed of their own group in a single match. The two teams which qualify to the final, also played in a single match.

Second stage
 * The remaining eight teams are divided into two groups, facing the other teams of their own group.
 * The two best teams of each group qualify to the semifinal, where the best-placed team of each group face the second-best-placed of the opposing group in a single match. The two teams which qualify to the final, also played in a single match.

Third stage (if necessary)
 * Home-and-away playoff with the winners of the first and second stages.

If a team wins both stages (first and second) it is crowned the state champion. If not, the third stage is disputed, and the winner is the state champion.

Clubs
Following are the 11 clubs competing at 2023 First Division

List of champions
Following is the list with all Campeonato Acreano editions:

Titles by team
Teams in bold stills active.

title: Campeonato Acreano


text: User talk:82.9.168.220

title: User talk:82.9.168.220


text:
File:Marvel Comics Ghost Rider.jpg

Cover to Ghost Rider #1, September, 1973. Art by Gil Kane. © Marvel Comics.

Fair use in Ghost Rider (Johnny Blaze)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) The image is used as the primary means of visual identification of the article topic.
 * 2) The image is from the cover of the first issue of the character's first solo comic book, which represents a historically significant use of the character.
 * 3) The use of the comic book cover will not affect the value of the original work or limit the copyright holder's rights or ability to distribute the original. In particular, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the book.
 * 4) It is a low resolution image.
 * 5) The image is only a small portion of the commercial product.
 * 6) The character is copyrighted, and so it is impossible to replace it with an uncopyrighted or freely licensed image.

title: File:Marvel Comics Ghost Rider.jpg


text:
Wind Jet

Wind Jet S.p.A. was an Italian low-cost airline based in Catania, Italy. It was founded in 2003, following the disbandment of Air Sicilia by current CEO Antonino Pulvirenti, also owner of football team Calcio Catania. On 11 August 2012 the airline ceased operations until further notice due to financial troubles. At that time it was the third-largest Italian airline by passenger numbers, and operated national and European flights primarily from its hub in Catania.

History
Windjet was established in 2003 and started operations on 17 June 2003. It was 100% owned by the Finaria Group.

On 25 January 2012, Alitalia declared they would start a merger with Wind Jet, as well as with Blue Panorama, another Italian airline. On 12 April 2012, Alitalia chose to pursue the sole acquisition of Wind Jet with a cash payment of between 20 and 30 million €, while abandoning the project of a merger with Blue Panorama Airlines.

By the end of July 2012, the Italian antitrust authority granted Alitalia leave to acquire Wind Jet, but in return Alitalia would have to give up slots on key domestic routes. Faced with this, Alitalia cancelled the plans a few days later in August 2012. As a result, the cash-strapped airline suspended all flights on 11 August 2012, faced with losing their air operator's certificate, leaving 300,000 passengers stranded. The Italian authorities tried to prompt Alitalia to acquire Wind Jet, but they did not succeed.

The charter airline Livingston announced that it would take over several flights of Wind Jet, but it was unclear if they would continue to operate the routes in the future.

Fleet
The Wind Jet fleet consisted of the following aircraft (as of 23 May 2012):

Incidents and accidents

 * On 24 September 2010, Wind Jet Flight 243, operated by an Airbus A319-132, registration EI-EDM (ex. N501NK), landed short of the runway at Punta Raisi Airport, Palermo, Italy after encountering a thunderstorm and windshear on approach. The aircraft was substantially damaged when it impacted the localiser—both main undercarriage sets collapsed and the aircraft was evacuated by the emergency slides. Around twenty passengers were injured, mostly sustaining minor cuts and bruises, whiplash, and shock. One passenger was reported to have dislocated his shoulder. The Agenzia Nazionale per la Sicurezza del Volo opened an investigation into the accident. Wind Jet stated that they believed windshear was the cause of the incident. The trial opening in 2013 took its bases on the accusation that it was not caused by windshear but by errors of the two pilots. Both of them asked to be processed via short-trial procedure.

title: Wind Jet


text: User talk:216.186.99.254

title: User talk:216.186.99.254


text:
Jackie Blanchflower

John Blanchflower (7 March 1933 – 2 September 1998) was a footballer from Northern Ireland. He graduated from Manchester United's youth system and played for the club on 117 occasions, winning one league title, before his career was cut short due to injuries sustained in the Munich air disaster. He was also capped 12 times at senior level by Northern Ireland.

He was the younger brother of Danny Blanchflower, the captain of the Tottenham Hotspur side that dominated English football in the early 1960s.

Manchester United
Blanchflower's first appearance in a professional game was for Manchester United on 24 November 1951 against Liverpool, away at Anfield. He became a regular first team player in the 1953–54 season, when he played in 27 out of 42 league games and scored 13 goals as an inside-forward.

He helped the club win the league title in 1956, however he missed out on a winner's medal in 1957 after only appearing in 11 games. Nicknamed "Twiggy" by his teammates, he was renowned for his versatility. He began his career as a left-half before the emergence of Duncan Edwards in this position, when he switched to the forward positions, but the Manchester United manager Matt Busby recognised his intelligent positioning sense and aerial power and chose to play him at centre-half by the 1955–56 season, with John Doherty and Billy Whelan now competing for his former position, although he faced fierce competition for the solitary centre-half place due to the presence of Mark Jones. He covered in goal in the 1957 FA Cup final while Ray Wood received treatment for an injury suffered in a collision with Peter McParland, who scored both of Aston Villa's goals as United lost 2–1. Blanchflower also played in some of United's first European Cup fixtures.

He scored 27 goals during his time at the club, most of them during his time as a forward.

Munich air disaster
On 6 February 1958, the Manchester United team that had travelled to Belgrade for the second leg of a European cup tie had their chartered plane stop in Munich to refuel. Weather conditions caused the plane to crash when the pilot attempted to take-off from Munich airport and 23 of the 44 people on board were killed. Blanchflower was severely injured, suffering from a fractured pelvis and arms and legs, and crushed kidneys, and his right arm was nearly severed. He was in hospital for two months and (although not a Catholic) was read the last rites but survived.

He tried to return to football, but never made a full recovery. Doctors advised him not to return to football because of fears he would damage his kidney and, a year later, Blanchflower retired from football. The Munich air disaster meant that he had played his last game of football when still only 24 years old, having earned 12 caps for Northern Ireland, played well over 100 times for Manchester United and won one league championship medal.

Personal life
The callous attitude of Manchester United towards Blanchflower after injury forced the end of his playing career was revealed by journalist David Conn in a 2000 article in The Independent: "Jackie Blanchflower, who like most of the players, lived in a house owned by the club, had to vacate it. 'It was made pretty clear we had to leave,' says Jean, his wife. 'United were very cold, very harsh, after the crash.' By January 1959, Blanchflower was on the dole. Louis Edwards offered him a job in his meat factory, loading pies on to lorries, but he declined, working in a succession of jobs until he later had some success as an after-dinner speaker."

He married his wife Jean in 1956 and eventually pursued studies in finance and began a career as an accountant. He later became an after-dinner speaker and was a regular on the after-dinner circuits until his death from cancer on 2 September 1998. He was 65 years old, and just two weeks before he died he had attended the Munich air disaster testimonial match at Old Trafford.

He was survived by his three children, as well as his wife, Jean, who died in 2002 after a long illness.

He had survived his older brother, Danny (1926–1993).

Honours
Manchester United
 * FA Cup runner-up: 1956–57

title: Jackie Blanchflower


title: File:Wptgt3.jpg


text:
Aaron Cometbus

Aaron Elliott (born May 20, 1968), better known as Aaron Cometbus, is an American musician, author, songwriter, roadie, and magazine editor, best known as the creator of the punk zine Cometbus.

Career
Born in Berkeley, California, Cometbus started writing fanzines in 1981 with Jesse Michaels (later of Operation Ivy and Common Rider) and started his own after Michaels moved to Pennsylvania in October 1981. He became an active participant in the Gilman Street Project and was a founding member of Crimpshrine, a highly influential East Bay punk rock band which also featured Jeff Ott. In a September 2016 interview Cometbus described how his personal life is not necessarily reflected in his zines stating, "Growing up, I was just really, really restless. I felt cooped up. Every band interview I did was about being on the road. When I finally got to cut loose, I went on three tours in two years, then had the band drop me off in the first city where I could find a room. So I’d made it out, but then came the news: my mom had cancer. I spent the next fifteen years going back and forth—caretaking first her and then my dad when they were doing badly, and when they were in remission, I’d get as far away as I could. When both were dead, I moved to New York, where I’ve lived ever since. That’s my life, in a nutshell. Which answers your earlier question about how much the fanzine reflected my personal life. Not so much."

After the demise of Crimpshrine, Cometbus formed Pinhead Gunpowder with a handful of people from the East Bay punk scene, including Sarah Kirsch (later replaced by Jason White), Bill Schneider and Billie Joe Armstrong of Green Day. He toured as a roadie with Green Day for many years and played drums for a few shows after the departure of John Kiffmeyer; he was subsequently replaced by another temporary drummer, Dave "E.C." Henwood, before Tre Cool joined. He has played in a multitude of short-lived bands that generally release just a seven-inch or two before breaking up. He is a co-owner of a used bookstore in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, called Book Thug Nation and a used bookstore in Bushwick called Human Relations, as well as Codex Books in NoHo, Lower Manhattan.''

Cometbus zine
Cometbus is most famous for publishing the zine Cometbus, which he began in Berkeley, California in 1981. Cometbus has self-published the usually-handwritten zine ever since, despite a few breaks. The name Cometbus was coined by Gregg Turkington during the early days of the magazine when the name changed from issue to issue. Cometbus consisted of band interviews, personal diaries, artwork, and observations on the punk subculture in the San Francisco Bay Area and beyond. The zine captured a slice of life in Oakland and Berkeley from the late 1980s through the 1990s.

From 2004 to 2006, Cometbus took a hiatus from writing Cometbus to pursue publishing his writing through other channels. Cometbus came out of retirement in 2006 with the release of Cometbus #50, the 25th anniversary issue of the magazine. Originally planned as a letters only issue, it features band interviews (for the first time since issue #24), short stories, and book store reviews.

Cometbus #51, The Loneliness of the Electric Menorah, was released in September 2008. It chronicles the history of Moe's Books and other longtime businesses on Telegraph Avenue in Berkeley, California.

Cometbus #52, The Spirit of St-Louis, Or, How to Break Your Own Heart, A Tragedy in 24 Parts, was released in 2009. Cometbus says in his blurb: "It all starts with the story I've told so many times it's turned stale and tired from overuse. There I was, dropped off in a city far from home. I didn't know a soul or have a hope, and so on..." Both issue #52 of Cometbus and the novel I Wish There Was Something That I Could Quit are rumored to be about his stay and relationships in Pensacola, Florida.

Cometbus #53 features contributions from Maddalena Poletta and a cover by Eisner Award winner Nate Powell. Released in 2009, it features a lengthy piece on art, comics, and the early days of punk in NYC in the mid-1970s that is largely derived from an in-depth interview Cometbus conducted with John Holstrom, the co-founder of the legendary Punk Magazine.

Cometbus #54, In China with Green Day?, released in February 2011, is about Cometbus' and Green Day's tour of Asia in 2010.

Cometbus #55, Pen Pals, was released in February 2013 (cover by Jordan Crane).

Cometbus #56, A Bestiary of Booksellers details the NYC used book trade.

Cometbus #57, 35th Anniversary Issue: Cartoonists (2016) interviews with comics creators Kim Deitch, Gary Panter, Al Jaffee, Drew Friedman, Ben Katchor, Paul Levitz, et al.

Cometbus #58, Zimmerwald (2017), is a novella about a teenager who "finds solace in a diner full of grumpy seniors during the heyday of San Francisco punk."

Cometbus #59: Post-Mortem (2020), a series of interviews about the punk scene.

The extremely limited print runs of the zine have been somewhat ameliorated over the years by a number of collections.

Despite Everything: A Cometbus Omnibus (Last Gasp Publishing 2002, ISBN 0-86719-561-4) a 608-page compendium of selections from 43 early Cometbus issues which are long out of print and often difficult to find.

Double Duce (Last Gasp Publishing 2003; ISBN 0-86719-586-X) a novel based on life in a punk house called Double Duce that collects material from issues 32, 35, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, and 45.

Add Toner (Last Gasp Publishing 2011, ISBN 978-0-86719-753-2) compiles issues 44, 45, 46, 46 1/2, 47 & 48 in full, along with a collection of stories entitled "8 out of 10 days".

Other writing
In addition to writing for his own zine, Cometbus has contributed stories to several other zines such as Absolutely Zippo, Maximumrocknroll, and Tales of Blarg, occasionally writing under the pseudonym Skrub. His work is easily recognizable by his distinctive, block-lettered handwritten script. His handwriting also appears in the liner notes of early Green Day albums and Jawbreaker's Etc. compilation.

A novel titled I Wish There Was Something That I Could Quit, was published on March 15, 2006. This novel was loosely based on his experiences in Pensacola during the start of the Iraq War and is arguably his most political work. He released a few smaller collections of short stories, Mixed Reviews and Chicago Stories (self published, 2004), a small collection about Chicago originally published in "Cometbus" issues 35, 37, 38, 41, and 45.

Cometbus also released a book of poetry entitled "Last Supper" in 2014 through ARP Books.

Two collections have been translated into French, including En dépit de tout (1997). A French version of Cometbus issue 54, titled En Chine avec Green Day, has also been published by Editions Chat Chuffit in 2013. Double Duce has been translated into German and was published by Lautsprecherverlag as Doppelzwei in 2004.

Discography
Crimpshrine Extended plays Compilation albums Split albums Other appearances
 * Lame Gig Contest (1989)
 * Sleep, What's That? (1988)
 * Quit Talkin' Claude (1989)
 * Duct Tape Soup (1992)
 * The Sound of a New World Being Born (1998)
 * Crimpshrine / Mutley Chix (1988)
 * Crimpshrine / G-Whiz (1989)
 * Jawbreaker / Crimpshrine (1993)
 * "Another Day", "Rearranged" on Turn It Around! - Maximumrocknroll (1987)
 * "Trying Too Hard", "Construction", "Sanctuary" on Caution - Skene! Records (1988)
 * "Pick Up the Pieces" on The World's in Shreds: Volume 1 - Shredder Records (1988)
 * "Pretty Mess" on The World's in Shreds: Volume 2 - Shredder Records (1989)
 * "Summertime" on The Thing That Ate Floyd - Lookout! Records (1989)
 * "I Just Don't Know" on Bay Mud - Very Small Records (1989)
 * "Rearranged" on Lethal Noise, Vol. 2 - Very Small Records (1989)
 * "Free Will" on Make the Collector Nerd Sweat - Very Small Records (1990)

Band history

 * S.A.G. (East Bay CA; 1982–1984)
 * Crimpshrine (East Bay CA; 1984–1989)
 * Screeching Weasel (Chicago, IL; 1988 (two shows))
 * Sweet Baby (a.k.a. Sweet Baby Jesus) (East Bay/Northern CA; 1989–1990)
 * Pinhead Gunpowder (East Bay CA; 1990–present)
 * Green Day (East Bay CA; 1990)
 * Mundt (Olympia, WA; 1992)
 * Strawman (San Francisco, CA; 1993?)
 * Shotwell Coho (San Francisco CA; a.k.a. Shotwell Coho) (1994)
 * EFS (Berkeley CA; 1995)
 * Cosmetic Puffs (Eureka, CA; 1995)
 * Redmond Shooting Stars (Eugene, OR; 1995–1996)
 * Cleveland Bound Death Sentence (Minneapolis MN; 1997–1998; 2004)
 * The Retard Beaters (Chattanooga, TN; 1997–1998)
 * Harbinger (with Robert Eggplant, formerly of Blatz, and John Geek of Fleshies) (East Bay CA; 1997–2001, 2010)
 * The Blank Fight (with Rymodee of This Bike Is a Pipe Bomb) (Pensacola, FL; 1999–2000)
 * Astrid Oto (Asheville NC; 1999–2001)
 * Colbom (San Francisco CA; 2001)
 * End of the World News (New York; 2002–2003)
 * Crybaby MacArthur (Brooklyn NY; 2004–2006)
 * The Thorns of Life (Brooklyn NY; 2008–2009)
 * Sub Rosa (Brooklyn NY; 2020-2022)

title: Aaron Cometbus


text:
Hlöd

Hlöd or Hlod was the illegitimate son of Heidrek, the king of the Geats, in Norse mythology.

He appears in the Hervarar saga and probably also as Hlith in Widsith, line 115, together with his father Heiðrekr (Heathoric), half-brother Angantyr (Incgentheow), and his mother Sifka (Sifeca).

Claiming his inheritance
Hlöd had grown up with his grandfather Humli, the king of the Huns, and he was both handsome and valiant. As soon as he was born he was given weapons and horses, as was the custom of the time.

When Hlöd heard that his father Heidrek was dead and that his half-brother Angantyr had been proclaimed king of the Goths, his grandfather Humli said that Hlod had to go to Arheimar and demand his rightful inheritance.

Hlöd arrived to Arheimar with many Hunnish warriors. He found a man outside of the hall and asked him to go inside and tell Angantyr that his brother wished to see him.

When King Angantyr learnt of who was waiting outside for him, he cast down his knife, took his mailcoat, his white shield in one hand and Tyrfing in the other. Then he asked Hlöd to come in and drink with them in honour of their dead father.

However, Hlöd answered that he had not come to feast, he wanted half of everything that Angantyr had inherited from their father: cow and calf, handmills, tools and weapons, treasures, slaves, bondmaids, sons and daughters, Myrkviðr, the grave, the carved stone beside Dniepr, Heidrek's armour, lands, liegemen and rings.

Angantyr refused to share with Hlöd and said that he had no right to inherit, but in recompense Hlöd would get lances, wealth, cattle, a thousand thralls, a thousand horses and a thousand armoured bondsmen. Before leaving all of them would receive riches and a maid.

Hlöd would get his measure in silver and gold, and he would be given a whole third of the land of the Goths to rule.

However, Gizur Grytingalidi, the aged king of the Geats, who was visiting in order to bid farewell to his dead foster-son Heidrek, thought that Angantyr was too generous. Gizur stated that Hlöd was only a bastard and the son of a slave-girl, and should not receive so princely a gift.

Offended by being called a bastard and a slave-girl's son, Hlöd returned to the Huns and to Humli. He told Humli that Angantyr had refused to share the kingdom with him, and when Humli insisted he also said that he had been called the son of a slave.

Mustering the Horde
Humli decided that they muster all the might of the Huns and attack the Goths. As soon as spring arrived they gathered an army so vast, that the steppes were depleted of men of fighting age. Every man who could carry arms down to twelve-year-olds, and every horse from two years of age and older. All in all the Huns mustered a horde of 343,200 mounted warriors.

The Death of Hervor, Hlöd's sister
When the horde was gathered they rode through Myrkviðr which separated Reidgotaland from the land of the Huns. As the horde came out of the forest they arrived at a populous country of flat plains. On the plains there was a fortress with a strong garrison commanded by Hervor, the sister of Angantyr and Hlöd, together with Ormar, her foster-father.

One morning as the sun was rising above the steppes, Hervor stood on a watchtower and saw a great cloudstorm rising southwards over the forest. It hid the sun for a long time. Suddenly, she saw under the cloud a mass of gold. There were gilded helmets, shields and corselets and she realized that it was the horde which had arrived.

Hervor asked the trumpeter to blow a summons to gather the forces. Then she told Ormar to ride and meet the Huns and challenge them to do battle in front of the southern gate. Ormar rode to the Goths and told them that they would do battle outside the southern gate.

Outside that gate, there was a mighty battle, and since the horde was much larger, the Goths fell and finally Hervor was slain. When Ormar saw her die he retreated together with all those who were faint of heart. He rode day and night to reach king Angantyr in Arheimar.

The Goths prepare
As the Huns pillaged and burnt far and wide in Reidgotaland, Ormar arrived at Arheimar and related that the marches were burning at the hands of the Huns and that his sister was dead. Angantyr's lips were drawn back and said that his brother had not treated Hervor like a sister, and then he watched his small company and stated that the more men one needs the less one has. Gizur, the aged King of the Geats, said that he would fight for Angantyr and he would ask for no recompense.

Heidrek had instated a law that if an army invaded a land and the king of that country marked a field with hazel poles, the marauding army would stop pillaging until there had been battle inside the poles.

The old Gizur armed himself with good weapons and leapt on his horse like a young man. Then he asked where Angantyr desired to meet the Huns. Angantyr answered that he wished to meet them on the plains of the Danube below the Hills of Ash, where the Goths had oft been victorious.

 * Býð ek yðr at Dylgju
 * ok á Dúnheiði
 * orrostu undir
 * Jassarfjöllum;
 * hræ sé yðr
 * at hái hverjum,
 * ok láti svá Óðinn flein fljúga,
 * sem ek fyrir mæli

Gizur rode so close to the Huns that they could hear him and shouted that Odin was angry with them and that they were doomed.

Hlod cried that they should seize Gizur, but Humli said that lone heralds must not be hurt.

Gizur called out that the Goths were afraid of neither the Huns nor their bows, and then he hastened to Angantyr to report about the size of the horde.

Angantyr sent messengers to every part of the land to summon every able-bodied man. He then marched to the Danube with his great army and met the great army of the Huns.

The great battle
They fought for eight days. No one could count the fallen but still no captains had been slain. Day and night the armies clashed around Angantyr, and the fight grew more and more bitter. The Huns became more and more ferocious as they knew that they would not survive a defeat. The Goths, on the other hand, were fighting for their freedom and for the land where they were born.

When the eighth day ended, the Goths pushed forward breaking the Hunnic lines. The Huns lost their courage as they saw Angantyr ride through the lines slashing and cutting men and horses with Tyrfing. Angantyr and Hlod met and Hlod fell, as well as Humli.

The Huns fled but the Goths pursued them and filled the rivers with bodies so that they choked and this caused a flood which filled the valleys with dead men and horses.

Angantyr searched among the slain and finally found his brother. He stated that cruel is the doom of the Norns when brother slays brother.

 * Bölvat er okkr, bróðir,
 * bani em ek þinn orðinn,
 * þat mun æ uppi,
 * illr er dómr norna.

title: Hlöd