text:
User:SpNeo/Spelling Guide

PROLOG(UE)

There are lots of British-American spelling lists on the internet, but most of them are low-quality references. That's why I created this spelling guide as a reliable reference for editors interested in British and American spellings. The lists are quite exhaustive. Acceptable variants (according to Merriam-Webster and the Concise Oxford English Dictionary) are given in parentheses. See also American and British English spelling differences.

Overview
Key examples of the most important differences about which you should know:

labour (UK) <-> labor (US)
 * Details: see -our, -or

centre (UK) <-> center (US)
 * Details: see -re, -er

travelling (UK) <-> traveling (OR travelling) (US)
 * Details: see -ll-, -l-

fulfil (UK) <-> fulfill (OR fulfil) (US)
 * Details: see -l-, -ll-

dialogue (UK) <-> dialogue (OR dialog) (US)
 * Details: see -logue, -log

organise (OR organize) (UK) <-> organize (US)
 * Details: see -ise, -ize

analyse (UK) <-> analyze (US)
 * Details: see -yse, -yze

defence (UK) <-> defense (US)
 * Details: see -ce, -se

anaesthesia (UK) <-> anesthesia (US)
 * Details: see -oe-/-ae-, -e-

tyre, aluminium, apprenticeship programme (UK) <-> tire, aluminum, internship program (US)
 * Details: see Other

-our, -or
UK                                US                       arbour                             arbor ardour                            ardor armour                            armor armoury                           armory behaviour                         behavior behavioural                       behavioral behaviourism                      behaviorism belabour                          belabor candour                           candor clamour                           clamor colour                            color coloration (OR colouration)       coloration demeanour                         demeanor dolourous                         dolorous enamour                           enamor endeavour                         endeavor favour                            favor favourable                        favorable favourite                         favorite favouritism                       favoritism fervour                           fervor flavour                           flavor glamour                           glamour (OR glamor)     'glamour' is preferred harbour                           harbor                  in US English honour                            honor honourable                        honorable               'glamorous', 'honorific' humour                            humor                   'honorary' and 'humorous' in  labour                             labor                   British and American English! misdemeanour                      misdemeanor neighbour                         neighbor odour                             odor parlour                           parlor rancour                           rancor rigour                            rigor                   'rigorous'! rumour                            rumor saviour                           savior savour                            savor splendour                         splendor succour                           succor tumour                            tumor tambourine                        tamborine                ? valour                            valor vapour                            vapor vigour                            vigor CANADIAN usage: -our as in UK English (colour, favour, honour)

-re, -er
UK                                US calibre                            caliber (OR calibre) centilitre                        centiliter centimetre                        centimeter centre                            center centred                           centered centring                          centering decilitre                         deciliter decimetre                         decimeter epicentre                         epicenter fibre                             fiber (OR fibre) goitre                            goiter kilometre                         kilometer lacklustre                        lackluster litre                             liter lustre                            luster meagre                            meager (OR meagre) meter (device)                    meter (device) metre (unit of length)            meter (unit of length) micrometre                        micrometer millilitre                        milliliter millimetre                        millimeter mitre                             miter (OR mitre) mitred                            mitered (OR mitred) philtre                           philter (OR philtre) reconnoitre                       reconnoiter (OR reconnoitre) reconnoitred                      reconnoitered (OR reconnoitred) reconnoitring                     reconnoitering (OR reconnoitring) sabre                             saber (OR sabre) saltpetre                         saltpeter sceptre                           scepter sceptred                          sceptered sepulchre                         sepulchre (OR sepulcher) spectre                           specter (OR spectre) theatre                           theater (OR theatre)               'theatre' is very common in US English CANADIAN usage: -re, as in UK English (centre, fibre, kilometre)

-ll-, -l-
UK                                US cancellation                       cancellation (OR cancelation)        Spellings like travelling, cancelled                         canceled (OR cancelled)              labelled, modelling are cancelling                        canceling (OR cancelling)            not very common, but counsellor                        counselor (OR counsellor)            acceptable in US English equalled                          equaled (OR equalled) equalling                         equaling (OR equalling) dialler (OR dialer)               dialer dialling                          dialing (OR dialling) fuelled                           fueled (OR fuelled) fuelling                          fueling (OR fuelling) labelled                          labeled (OR labelled) labelling                         labeling (OR labelling) marvellous                        marvelous (OR marvellous) modelled                          modeled (OR modelled) modelling                         modeling (OR modelling) quarrelled                        quarreled (OR quarrelled) quarrelling                       quarreling (OR quarrelling) signalled                         signaled (OR signalled) signalling                        signaling (OR signalling) tranquillity (OR tranquility)     tranquillity (OR tranquility) travelled                         traveled (OR travelled) travelling                        traveling (OR travelling) woollen                           woolen (OR woollen) CANADIAN usage: -ll-, as in UK English (counsellor, labelled, travelling)

-l-, -ll-
UK                                US enrol                              enroll (OR enrol)            Spellings like fulfilment and enrol enrolment                         enrollment                   are not very common, but acceptable fulfil                            fulfill (OR fulfil)          in US English fulfilment                        fulfillment (OR fulfilment) install (OR instal)               install (OR instal) instalment                        installment (OR instalment) skilful                           skillful wilful                            willful (OR wilful)

-logue, -log
UK                                US analogue                           analogue (OR analog) catalogue                         catalog (OR catalogue)     'catalogue' is also common dialogue                          dialogue (OR dialog)       in U.S. English monologue                         monologue (OR monolog) prologue                          prologue (OR prolog)       'analog' and 'dialog' are sometimes travelogue                        travelogue (OR travelog)   found in British English sources, but only in a technical context

-ise, -ize
Important: Both -ise and -ize can be used in UK English. Contrary to widespread belief, -ize is NOT an Americanism. Read more...

UK                                US apologise (OR apologize)           apologize emphasise (OR emphasize)          emphasize                 In UK English, -ise spellings colonise (OR colonize)            colonize                  are more common. globalisation (OR globalization)  globalization maximise (OR maximize)            maximize                  The OED prefers -ize. organisation (OR organization)    organization privatisation (OR privatization)  privatization realise (OR realize)              realize recognise (OR recognize)          recognize recognisable (OR recognizable)    recognizable standardise (OR standardize)      standardize .                          .             .                           .             .                           .      -ise (OR -ize)                   -ize The following words always end in -ise: advertise, advise, apprise, arise, chastise, circumcise, comprise, compromise, demise, despise, devise, disguise, enfranchise, enterprise, excise, exercise, franchise, improvise, incise, merchandise, premise, revise, supervise, surmise, surprise, televise... CANADIAN usage: generally -ize instead of -ise.

-yse, -yze
The -yse/-yze ending is a different case! In UK English, the ending is always -yse. In US English, the ending is always -yze.

UK                                US analyse                            analyze analysing                         analyzing breathalyser                      breathalyzer catalyse                          catalyze catalysing                        catalyzing dialyser                          dialyzer hydrolyse                         hydrolyze hydrolysing                       hydrolyzing paralyse                          paralyze paralysing                        paralyzing photolyse                         photolyze photolysing                       photolyzing CANADIAN usage: -yze is preferred

-ce, -se
UK                                US defence                            defense licence (noun)                    license (OR licence) (noun)            'to licence' is wrong. license (verb)                    license (verb) offence                           offense practice (noun)                   practice (noun) practise (verb)                   practice (OR practise) (verb) pretence                          pretense (OR pretence)

-oe-/-ae-, -e-
UK                                US aeon (OR eon)                      aeon (OR eon) aesthetic                         aesthetic (OR esthetic) amoeba                            amoeba (OR ameba) anaemia                           anemia anaesthesia                       anesthesia archaeology                       archaeology (OR archeology) caesium                           cesium diarrhoea                         diarrhea encyclopedia (OR encyclopaedia)   encyclopedia faeces                            feces (OR faeces) foetus (OR fetus)                 fetus                    According to the Concise Oxford English gonorrhoea                        gonorrhea                Dictionary, "fetus" is an acceptable gynaecology                       gynecology               variant in British English, especially haemoglobin                       hemoglobin               in technical use. haemophilia                       hemophilia               UK medical journals prefer "fetus". haemorrhage                       hemorrhage homeopathy (OR homoeopathy)       homeopathy ischaemic                         ischemic leukaemia                         leukemia manoeuvre                         maneuver manoeuvring                       maneuvering medieval (OR mediaeval)           medieval (OR mediaeval) oedema                            edema oenology                          oenology (OR enology) oesophagus                        esophagus oestrogen                         estrogen orthopaedic                       orthopedic paediatrics                       pediatrics paedophile                        pedophile palaeontology                     paleontology

Other
UK                                US ageing (OR aging)                  aging (OR ageing)       preferred international (IUPAC) aluminium                         aluminum                spelling is 'aluminium' carburettor (OR carburetter)      carburetor cheque (only noun!)               check                   'to check' and 'to curb'! dreamt (OR dreamed)               dreamed (OR dreamt) grey                              gray (OR grey)          'grey' is very common kerb (only noun!)                 curb                    in US English leapt (OR leaped)                 leaped (OR leapt) learnt (OR learned)               learned maths                             math mould                             mold (OR mould) mouldering                        moldering moulding                          molding mouldy                            moldy (OR mouldy) moult                             molt moustache                         mustache (OR moustache) mum                               mom programme (but: computer program) program                 UK English: training programme, pyjamas                           pajamas                 television programme, research programme sceptical                         skeptical spelt (OR spelled)                spelled storey (a storey of a building)   story storeyed                          storied sulphur                           sulfur (OR sulphur)     preferred international (IUPAC) tyre (as in "car tyre")           tire                    spelling is 'sulfur'

Varieties

 * US and UK English spelling: see lists above. Standard reference for UK English spelling: OED, for US English spelling: Merriam-Webster.

 * Irish English spelling is virtually identical to UK English spelling.

 * Australian English spelling is very close to UK English spelling. The standard reference for Australian English spelling: Macquarie Dictionary. -> labour, centre, travelling, fulfil, dialogue, analyse, defence, tyre, aluminium, training programme/program. However, note that the Australian Labor Party uses the American spelling of its name due to an American influence in the early days of the party and distinguish it from the labour movement. While -ise and -ize, and -yse and -yze might be interchangeable in UK English, -ise and -yse are standardised in Australian English. Some of Australia's media publications have flirted with some American spelling norms until around 2007, but have since reverted to the UK English spelling norms after widespread complaints from its readers.

 * New Zealand English spelling is very close to UK English spelling.

 * Canadian English spelling uses both UK and US English spellings. In Canadian English -ize and -yze are preferred to -ise and -yse. The standard reference for Canadian English spelling is the Canadian Oxford Dictionary. -> labour, centre, travelling, fulfill, dialogue, analyze, defence, tire, aluminum, training program

Proper names
Proper names should retain their original spellings. Examples:
 * Rockefeller Center
 * Australian Defence Force
 * World Trade Organization
 * North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
 * International Labour Organization
 * International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
 * World Food Programme
 * International Color Consortium
 * Pearl Harbor
 * Victoria Harbour

Online Dictionaries
Oxford Dictionaries - Robust Oxford Dictionary of British/American English and other Languages Cambridge Dictionaries Online Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary Macquarie Dictionary - Australia's National Dictionary Online Most UK to US Spellings(Above 1700links) [[Media:http://www.tysto.com/articles05/q1/20050324uk-us.shtml]][[Media:http://www2.gsu.edu/~wwwesl/egw/jones/differences.htm]][[Media:http://www.musicalenglishlessons.org/spelling-diffs.htm]]

title: User:SpNeo/Spelling Guide


text:
User talk:Le Migou~enwiki

I will get you reported to Wikipedia for vandalism to my user talk page. From the photo put on I do believe Wikipedia will take this seriously. - (Erebus555 17:18, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC))

Stop adding such pictures to people's talk pages immediately, or you will be banned from Wikipedia. Solver 17:27, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Don't worry everyone, it's already been taken care of, for today. This particular username has been blocked, but he'll be back tomorrow I assume. Adam Bishop 17:28, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Le Migou. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Le Migou~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:17, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 15:20, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Le Migou~enwiki


text:
Animal Lover

Animal Lover is an album by American art rock band the Residents. Released in 2005, it is a concept album about the interaction between human beings, industry, and nature, Animal Lover was released to relative critical acclaim and remains a fan favorite.

Bonus CD
The album also contains a bonus CD, generally called "...Imaginary Jack". According to the Cryptic Corporation, it really is one long track, divided to six parts to the enjoyment of the listener. The full title is actually the entire text written on the disc:

"I stood at my window staring at an arcing streetlight. A sudden wind made me pull my shoulders to my ears. I pissed into the dark. It smelled like canned tuna. My swollen lip throbbed. I could still taste the blood. My eyes rolled back looking for memories. I stopped. I was changing details in my mind, remembering only what I wanted it to be, not what it was. I had only a short time to do what had to be done, after that it would all be forever absorbed by my imaginary Jack."

The tracks on the bonus CD combine elements from tracks from the original CD with elements from unreleased material, including early sketches and outtakes. For example, Track 2 samples earlier sketches of "My Window" and "Burn My Bones," Track 5 samples an instrumental later released as "Animal Lover Seven," and track 6 samples both "Jack's Lament" and a separately-recorded sketch for a vocal version.

Track listing

 * 1) "Part 1" - 2:55
 * 2) "Part 2" - 6:52
 * 3) "Part 3" - 1:38
 * 4) "Part 4" - 1:22
 * 5) "Part 5" - 6:28
 * 6) "Part 6" - 10:10

Animal Lover Instrumental
A CD containing a series of lush instrumental organizations was released in January 2008. It was limited to 1000 copies and sold very quickly.

Track listing

 * 1) "Low Rain" - 2:11
 * 2) "Dead Men" - 3:28
 * 3) "On the Way (to Oklahoma)" - 2:12
 * 4) "Olive and Gray" - 2:30
 * 5) "What Have My Chickens Done Now?" - 2:48
 * 6) "Two Lips" - 3:33
 * 7) "Jack’s Lament" - 2:18
 * 8) "Inner Space" - 3:08
 * 9) "My Window" - 2:07
 * 10) "Ingrid’s Oily Tongue" - 3:25
 * 11) "Mother No More" - 3:00
 * 12) "Aura Flex" - 3:31
 * 13) "Elmer’s Song" - 6:00
 * 14) "Monkey Man" - 5:01
 * 15) "The Whispering Boy" - 3:09
 * 16) "Burn My Bones" - 5:04

Trivia
'My Window' is a common encore song, starting with The Residents' 'The Bunny Boy' tour.

title: Animal Lover


text:
Talk:Aeronca Aircraft

Untitled
Kindly set the image to a more manageable size? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.218.222.31 (talk • contribs) 17:19, 11 April 2005 (UTC).

Individual Aeronca aircraft types
It seems that there's a distinct lack of Wikipedia articles about individual Aeronca aircraft types. Given their importance in U.S. civil aircraft history, surely the Champ and Chief deserve their own articles. Is anybody already working on this? If not, I might be willing to take up the challenge. Carguychris 15:28, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I am a previous owner of an Aeronca chief, and will begin working on an article for it. Shoe1127 18:39, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

 * The copy of Jane's that I have includes stats for three Aeroncas - the L-3 Grasshopper, Model 65 Super-Chief, and Defender. The L-3 already is pretty set, but I'll get the others typed up shortly and start some stubs. ericg ✈ 03:53, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

 * On this note, it would really seem that information about the particular models has taken over this article--which seems to be the same thing once in light detail and then repeated in a little more detail. Maybe I'm thinking about this the wrong way, but I would think the article should focus more on details of the corporation and its history, leaving the details of particular aircraft to articles on each design.  There's a lot about the company that just doesn't come up here--their various locations, the reasons for some of the moves (flood, etc.), the name change.  Can anyone offer some wisdom on this?  I don't want to just start hacking away.  SkipperPilot 19:09, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

 * No, you're absolutely right. This isn't the place for anything more than a list of aircraft. Hack away! ericg ✈ 22:31, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I think I'm going to start at the top, add and incorporate where appropriate, then cut.  SkipperPilot 01:17, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Sounds good. I already duplicated the Aeronca C-2 at its own page - I'll start work on a table of models much like that at List of Lockheed aircraft in a bit. ericg ✈ 05:37, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

Hacking Away
Guys, before you start "hacking away" at this page lets get the other pages done first. I was the person who started this page on Wiki, and considering that I am on the board of directors for the National Aeronca Assoc, owned Aeronca's for the last 35 years, and help "Aeronca people" on a bulletin board on a daily basis, it kinda perturbs me to see that someone has:

1. Deleted almost all the photos that everyone posted of the Aeronca's and replaced them with ones from England. The Aeronca was not made in England. If you really have to have a Aeronca showing "G" reg on the tail, then pls post one or two from there and leave the rest. Aeronca is not a British product!

2. Deleted the reference to "Aeronca club of Germany." You and I know who won the war but to make a comment like was done on the history page, and stay pissed off at them for 70 years is enough. I have returned the link to www.aeronca.de at the bottom of the page and if its deleted again will contact the moderators about it. WW2 ended a long time ago, get over it!

3. Someone deleted the entire copy about the 11AC Chief but left every other aircraft on the page. Why? If you are going to take all the planes off of this page, which I strongly disagree with as airplanes are what made Aeronca, then copy the information to another Wiki page designated to the Champ, Chief and so on. I just spent 45 minutes returning the 11AC to the page. Lets leave it there.

Now, lets move on and make the page one of the best on Wiki. I have owned and restored three Aeronca's and have one sitting out in the hangar right now. Love the planes and lets make it show here.

Joe A

 * Dear "Joe A"
 * Thank you for coming to the discussion page. You seem to misunderstand the entire nature of Wikipedia. While we absolutely value your contributions, please keep the following in mind:
 * While Aeronca may not be a British product, so far User:Arpingstone is the only person to contribute public domain images of Aeronca aircraft. Since he lives in the United Kingdom, this means that all (or most) of the aircraft he photographs will have British registrations on them. They should not be removed strictly because they are registered in the "wrong" country.
 * What Wikipedia is not, specifically Wikipedia is not a mirror or a repository of links, images, or media files. While the link to the German Aeronca website is on topic and not a direct burden to the list of links, the website is in German. While there is no specific policy stating one way or the other, my personal rule of thumb is to link only to web pages use English. If you want to include the German Aeronca site, then perhaps a page about Aeronca on the German Wikipedia would be appropriate? In case you weren't aware, there are multiple versions of Wikipedia (one for each language on the planet) and articles are not automatically translated between them.
 * At one point, a couple of people suggested removing individual aircraft from the main article and splitting them out into individual articles. As with many things in life, the project was not immediately followed up on, and while not quite abandoned, it was left in an unfinished state. Thank you for restoring the information on the Chief, but please don't assume bad faith.
 * A couple of other notes on Wikipedia ettiquette. Keep in mind that, even though you started the page, it is not "yours"; it is "ours". You contributed under a licence that allows anyone to edit your content, or even remove the content as deemed necessary. Also, it is considered good form to sign postings on discussion pages with ~ at the end, which automatically inserts your username and the current time and date.
 * Again, thanks for your contributions. McNeight 18:28, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

The photos that I contributed were ones I took at the National Aeronca Association Fly-in and have been opened up for anyone's use several years ago. They have been published on many websites and publications, and are available for anyone's use for free.

Now about the English photos. The gent you mentioned deleted photos and replaced them that he had taken, saying that the others were "not good quality" when there was nothing wrong with the photos. If he wants to put his photos up, then do it next to the others, but to make up a excuse based on quality is not correct.

The German website is in both English and German on many pages. Just looked there and there are multiple pages in both languages. In case you are not familiar with aviation, English is the official language of all airmen. If you fly, you normally have to know and understand English. That's why at least half of the German Aeronca site is in both languages.

Considering that I have lived in 6 countries so far in life, speak three languages and travel the world as a pilot, yes, I do know that there is a Wikipedia in many languages. Make an Aeronca page on the German Wikipedia? In English? Then I would be told by the MODs of the German Wiki to move it to an English site! I would have love to link to a Wiki page on the German version but there is none at this time and considering that I am not German, am not going to try to write one. If you speak German would be happy to help you with it but no way I could do it.

I know full well that this is not "my" page, its a public site. I have my own website but when I see people using poor excuses to post their photos and delete others (and not all of those whose were deleted were mine) as well as as well as removing links to a German site because its "simply irritating to the English" then its time to say something. The last time I looked Germany was one of our Allies, no? The others can remove all they want to, but as long as its done in the manner as above I am free to put it right back.

Agree with part of the issue on the planes on the website. While I agree that individual pages can and probably should be made on the planes, to delete all of them from the page is not something that I can agree with. Sorry, but Aeronca was the first company to make the light plane in America, and did so for almost 25 years. Their planes have taught hundreds of thousands of people to fly and taking the actual airplanes off of the main page is too much.

Joe A ~

 * For the photographs, you not only need to upload them specifically to Wikipedia (we can't just go around grabbing images and assuming they are free), but you also need to spell out which licence they are under. For example your picture Image:3230e front .JPG, while useful, isn't specifically labelled as free for anyone to use. This tends to have it treated with "lesser status" than images which are explicitly labelled as free.

 * Also, there isn't as much information about the aircraft in the picture. I can see that it is an Aeronca, and I can guess from the name of the file that it is N3230E, and from that I can look up and see that it is specifically an 11AC, but having some of that written up in the description of the image would help a great deal.

 * For the German Aeronca link, keep in mind that you can't keep re-adding the link, just as I can't keep deleting the link. There is what is called the Three-revert rule, which helps to keep articles from becoming "revert wars". I'm not so wrapped around the axle as to get into a revert war over a single link, but please try to keep the bigger picture in mind. Adding links to Aeronca associations in various countries can become lengthy, and doesn't necessarily contribute to the overall quality of the article.

 * The reason I suggested the German Wikipedia is that the link would be of more use there. I don't speak German, and I didn't know if you did or not, but my suggestion for a new article over there was meant to be one in German. Someone took the time to write or translate the Aeronca L-3 article into German, so there must be at least one German Aeronca fan on Wikipedia.

 * You are right about Aeronca aircraft being an important part of flight training, even to this day. I am getting my Sport Pilot licence in a 7AC, partially due to availability and partially because my 6 foot 4 inch, 280 pound frame will not fit into newer European LSA aircraft. Pretty impressive for an airplane designed before my mother was born!

 * One small side note; the four tildes need to be all by themselves to work. I put the  tag around them so that you could see the actual '~' characters, and not the automatic substitution of my signature. McNeight 20:32, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

Not Hacking Away, but Going Away: I have no desire to get involved in a pissing contest here over who loves the Aeronca Corporation or its products more. As I used the phrase first, I would point out that reading more carefully might have helped; what I actually said was that "I don't want to just start hacking away" (emphasis added), and further that in working on this page I was going to "add and incorporate where appropriate, then cut." Anyway, sorry for treading on your turf. Hmm... Suddenly working on the Aeronca page isn't fun anymore, so I'm headed for a page that is. Have a nice day. SkipperPilot 16:25, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 06:47, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Aeronca Aircraft. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060104154049/http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/GENERAL_AVIATION/aeronca/GA7.htm to http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/GENERAL_AVIATION/aeronca/GA7.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:13, 5 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aeronca Aircraft


text:
Talk:List of Chinese musicians

Untitled
Individuals and bands/groups
 * Ch'eng Mao-yün, violinist and composer
 * Jin
 * Lang Lang, pianist
 * Li Yundi, pianist
 * Ma Yo Yo, cellist
 * Muhai Tang, director
 * Twelve Girls Band
 * Yang Xuefei, guitarist

Are these ethnic chinese or musicians of China?
Ambiguous as it stands Paul foord 14:06, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Yeah they are
the Chinese singers is so great my eyes can pielout when IAM starting to lissten too them@ 41.116.184.118 (talk) 09:02, 20 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Chinese musicians


text:
Frère Jacques

"Frère Jacques", also known in English as "Brother John", is a nursery rhyme of French origin. The rhyme is traditionally sung in a round.

The song is about a friar who has overslept and is urged to wake up and sound the bell for the matins, the midnight or very early morning prayers for which a monk would be expected to awake.

Lyrics
 Frère Jacques, Frère Jacques, Dormez-vous? Dormez-vous? Sonnez les matines! Sonnez les matines! Din, din, don. Din, din, don. English translation Brother Jacques, Brother Jacques, Are you sleeping? Are you sleeping? Ring/Sound [the bells for] matins! Ring [the bells for] matins! Ding, ding, dong. Ding, ding, dong. Traditional English lyrics Are you sleeping? Are you sleeping? Brother John, Brother John, Morning bells are ringing! Morning bells are ringing! Ding, dang, dong. Ding, dang, dong.

The song concerns a monk's duty to ring the morning bells (matines). Frère Jacques has apparently overslept; it is time to ring the morning bells, and someone wakes him up with this song. The traditional English translation preserves the scansion, but alters the meaning such that Brother John is being awakened by the bells. In English, the word friar is derived from the Old French word frere (Modern French frère; "brother" in English), as French was still widely used in official circles in England during the 13th century when the four great orders of Friars started. The French word frère in turn comes from the Latin word frater (which also means "brother").

The French name Jacques would not ordinarily be translated to "John", which is "Jean" in French. The name Jacques, instead, corresponds to the English names James or Jacob, which derive from the Latin Iacobus and the Greek Ἰακώβος (Septuagintal Greek Ἰακώβ), referring to the Biblical Patriarch Jacob and the apostles known in English as James.

Theories of origin
A possible connection between "Frère Jacques" and the 17th century lithotomist Frère Jacques Beaulieu (also known as Frère Jacques Baulot  ), as claimed by Irvine Loudon and many others, was explored by J. P. Ganem and C. C. Carson without finding any evidence for a connection.

Martine David and A. Marie Delrieu suggest that "Frère Jacques" might have been created to mock the Dominican friars, known in France as the Jacobin order, for their sloth and comfortable lifestyles.

In a review of a book about Kozma Prutkov, Richard Gregg, professor of Russian at Vassar College, notes that the satirical collective pseudonym Prutkov claimed "Frère Jacques" was derived from a Russian seminary song about a "Father Theofil".

First publication
AllMusic states that the earliest version of the melody is on a French manuscript circa 1780 (manuscript 300 in the manuscript collection of the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris). The manuscript is titled "Recueil de Timbres de Vaudevilles", and the Bibliothèque Nationale estimates that it was written between 1775 and 1785. The "Frère Jacques" melody is labelled "Frère Blaise" in this manuscript.

Sheet music collector James Fuld (1916–2008) states that the tune was first published in 1811, and that the words and music were published together in Paris in 1869. An earlier publication in 1825 included the words together with a description of the melody in solfège, but not in musical notation. The words and music appear together in Recreations de l'enfance: Recueil de Rondes avec Jeux et de Petites Chansons pour Faire Jouer, Danser et Chanter les Enfants avec un Accompagnement de Piano Très-Facile by Charles Lebouc, which was first published in 1860 by Rouart, Lerolle & Cie. in Paris. This book was very popular and was republished several times, so many editions exist.

French musicologist Sylvie Bouissou has found some evidence that composer Jean-Philippe Rameau had written the music. A manuscript at the French National Library contains "Frère Jacques" among 86 canons, with Rameau listed as author.

In 1926, the tune was used in a patriotic anthem written by officers of the Chinese Whampoa Military Academy, "Revolution of the Citizens" (国民革命歌).

Comparison with Fra Jacopino
"Frère Jacques" bears resemblance to the piece Toccate d'intavolatura, No. 14, Capriccio Fra Jacopino sopra L'Aria Di Ruggiero composed by Girolamo Frescobaldi, which was first published around 1615 —"Fra Jacopino" is one potential Italian translation for "Frère Jacques". Edward Kilenyi pointed out that "Fra Jacopino" shares the same "Frère Jacques"-like melody as "Chanson de Lambert", a French song dating from 1650, and a Hungarian folk tune.

The "Frère Jacques" tune is one of the most basic repeating canons along with the melody of "Three Blind Mice". It is also simple enough to have spread easily from place to place. For example, Barbara Mittler in a conference abstract points out that the melody of "Frère Jacques" is so thoroughly assimilated into Chinese culture that it might be widely regarded as a Chinese folksong in China called "Two Tigers".

Science

 * In the fields of chemistry and cheminformatics, the circuit rank of a molecular graph (the number of rings in the smallest set of smallest rings) is sometimes referred to as the Frèrejacque number.

Popular culture

 * A version of the tune appears in the third movement of the Symphony No. 1 by Gustav Mahler. Mahler presents the melody in a minor key instead of a major key, thus giving the piece the character of a funeral march or dirge; however, the mode change to minor might not have been an invention by Mahler, as is often believed, but rather the way this round was sung in the 19th century and early 20th century in Austria. Francesca Draughon and Raymond Knapp argue that Mahler had changed the key to make "Frère Jacques" sound more "Jewish" (Mahler converted to Catholicism from Judaism). Draughon and Knapp claim that the tune was originally sung to mock non-Catholics, such as Protestants or Jews. Mahler himself called the tune by its German name, "Bruder Martin", and made some allusions to the piece being related to a parody in the programs he wrote for the performances. Interpretations similar to this are quite prevalent in academia and in musical circles.
 * Leonard Bernstein made use of the song to illustrate counterpoint in his television program What Makes Music Symphonic? (one of a series of 53 programs, the Young People's Concerts with the New York Philharmonic, combining music and lectures that were televised between 1959 and 1972).
 * The Beatles' 1966 song ”Paperback Writer" features the title "Frère Jacques" sung by John Lennon and George Harrison under the main melody of the last verse.
 * The French performer known as Le Pétomane entertained live audiences in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with his own unique rendition, according to the BBC.
 * Henri Bernstein, a French playwright, wrote a comedic play entitled Frère Jacques (translated as Brother Jacques) with Pierre Veber in 1904.
 * Frère Jacques is a type of semi-soft cow's milk cheese with a mild hazelnut taste, produced by Benedictine monks from the Saint-Benoit-du-lac Abbey in Quebec, Canada.
 * Four French singers, brothers André and Georges Bellec, François Soubeyran and Paul Tourenne formed a comedic singing group in 1944 known as Les Frères Jacques, even though none of them were named "Jacques". The group name was a bit of a play on words since a common French expression, "faire le jacques", means to act like a clown. They had successful careers over the next few decades.
 * The demonstrators in Tiananmen Square chanted political slogans to the tune of "Frère Jacques".
 * There is a strong oral tradition among children in China, Vietnam and other places in Asia of passing on songs with their own lyrics, sung to the tune of "Frère Jacques".
 * Frère Jacques is the name of a chain of franchised French restaurants in the UK and the name of a French restaurant in the Murray Hill section of New York City. Les Frères Jacques is the name of a French restaurant in Dublin.
 * Ron Haselden, a British artist living in the French town of Brizard, in Brittany, has produced an interactive multimedia piece featuring "Frère Jacques" in collaboration with Peter Cusack.
 * The Chinese song "Dadao lie qiang" ("Cut down the great powers", or rather: "Let's beat together the great powers", also known as 'The "Revolution of the Citizens" Song') celebrates the cooperation in China in the 1920s of Mao Zedong's Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang against warlords and imperialist powers, and is sung to the tune of "Frère Jacques".
 * K-pop group Nmixx interpolates the rhyme into their 2023 song "Young, Dumb, Stupid".
 * The Beach Boys' song "Surf's Up" references the English version of "Frère Jacques', both lyrically and melodically, in the song's line, "Are you sleeping, brother John?"

title: Frère Jacques


text:
Lajes

Lajes is Portuguese for "covering of flat rock", or "flagstone", and may refer to:

Brazil

 * Lajes, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte
 * Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
 * Lajes Pintadas, Rio Grande do Norte

Portugal

 * Lajes (Seia), a civil parish in the municipality of Seia

Archipelago of the Azores

 * Lajes das Flores, a municipality on the island of Flores
 * Lajes das Flores (parish), a civil parish and the municipal seat of the municipality of Lajes das Flores

 * Lajes do Pico (Azores), a municipality along the southern coast of the island of Pico
 * Lajes do Pico (Azores), a civil parish and the municipal seat of the municipality of Lajes do Pico

 * Lajes (Praia da Vitória), a civil parish in the municipality of Praia da Vitória, Terceira

Other uses

 * Lajes Field, a multi-use air field and regional air passenger terminal located near Lajes on Terceira Island in the Azores, Portugal
 * Ribeirão das Lajes, a river in Rio de Janeiro state in southeastern Brazil

title: Lajes


text:
Douglas Jay

Douglas Patrick Thomas Jay, Baron Jay, PC (23 March 1907 – 6 March 1996) was a British Labour Party politician.

Early life and education
Educated at Winchester College and New College, Oxford, Jay won the Chancellor's English Essay in 1927 and gained a First in Literae Humaniores ('Greats') in 1929. He was a Fellow of All Souls from 1930 to 1937. His early career was as an economics journalist, working for The Times (1929–33), The Economist (1933–37) and the Daily Herald (1937–41), then as a civil servant in the Ministry of Supply and the Board of Trade. From 1943 he was a personal assistant to Hugh Dalton.

Political career
Jay was a convinced democratic socialist from a young age, but only joined the Labour Party in the winter of 1933–34, whereupon he became a member of Paddington constituency party. In his capacity as a journalist he was a senior figure in the XYZ Club, a clandestine organisation in the City of London dedicated to supplying Labour with financial intelligence. Alongside Evan Durbin and Hugh Gaitskell, he brought the thinking of John Maynard Keynes to the party, especially in relation to price determination.

In The Socialist Case (1937), his first book, Jay wrote: "in the case of nutrition and health, just as in the case of education, the gentleman in Whitehall really does know better what is good for people than the people know themselves". This statement was mercilessly exploited by the Conservatives and won him long-lasting notoriety; it has often been paraphrased as "the man in Whitehall knows best". In fact, Jay was always rather sceptical of planning and bureaucracy when compared to his contemporaries; as Geoffrey Foote noted, he denied the "identification of planning with socialism", instead viewing Labour's creed as "being about the suppression of unearned income, not the abolition of the market economy". Later his views somewhat changed, as he became influenced by the successful operation of rationing during the war.

Jay was elected a Labour Member of Parliament for Battersea North at a by-election in July 1946. and held the seat until the constituency was abolished at the 1983 general election. After entering Westminster, he served as Economic Secretary to the Treasury from 1947 to 1950, Financial Secretary to the Treasury from 1950 to 1951 and President of the Board of Trade from 1964 until being sacked in 1967. Jay's politics during his period at the Board of Trade were characterised by a spirited fight for regional development and an aversion to currency devaluation, but it was his opposition to closer integration with Europe (see below) that led Harold Wilson to relieve him of his brief – a decision which Wilson, ever averse to conflict, explained was due to the need to have no ministers in the Cabinet over the age of 60. Jay was sworn of the Privy Council in 1951.

Jay was always fervently opposed to the UK's entry into the European Communities, and in 1970 was the first leading politician to argue that, because all three mainstream parties in Britain supported membership, only a national referendum of all electors could decide the matter in a fair manner. When that referendum eventually transpired in 1975, he campaigned for a 'no' vote.

Honours
Jay was created a life peer as Baron Jay, of Battersea in Greater London, on 8 October 1987.

Family
In 1933 he married the councillor Peggy Jay; their marriage ended in divorce. Their eldest son is the economist Peter Jay, who married (and later divorced) Margaret Callaghan, daughter of James Callaghan with whom Douglas Jay had served in government. Their twin daughters, Helen and Catherine, achieved a fashionable profile in the 1960s. Douglas Jay's second wife, Mary Thomas, had been one of his assistant private secretaries at the Board of Trade.

Publications

 * The Socialist Case (1937)
 * Who is to Pay for the War and the Peace? (1941)
 * Socialism in the New Society (1962)
 * After the Common Market (1968)
 * Change and Fortune (1980) (autobiography)
 * Sterling: A Plea for Moderation (1985)

title: Douglas Jay


text:
Talk:Business oligarch

= Move to 'Russian oligarchs'? == I was redirected here from 'Russian oligarch' and thought I had landed on the wrong page (bad redirect maybe). But then I saw the article is about the Russian oligarchs. So why isn't is called that? 'Business oligarch' is too broad a term and could in the future be used as such. Better to move the page now before too many other pages link here, causing confusion. DirkvdM 08:38, 1 February 2006 (UTC) -- I agree - I was also confused. Egret (talk) 19:39, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree. This article should be renamed, although a lot of other articles link here (please check prior to moving this page). Biophys (talk) 20:01, 24 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I would leave the title. As time goes on we see the same behaviour in practically all countries. The Rajapaksa family in Sri Lanka would be a family of oligarchs. In Australia we have mining magnates Gina Rinehart and Clive Palmer, as well as the retail property magnates Lowy family. They are all mega-rich and influence politics. Rinehart through funding a think tank, Clive Palmer with a political party that gained one Senate seat after spending 100 million AUD, and Lowy through the Lowy Institute involved in international policy development. Russian Oligarchs are not openly involved in politics, that is the only difference. I have seen the word used Bill Gates, Bezos, or Soros. 2001:8003:A070:7F00:14B3:747E:AC:20B9 (talk) 05:09, 22 July 2022 (UTC)

I agree so made this a disambiguation page; I think we can all live with that. The Russian and Ukrainian contributions didn't compliment eachother.... —  Mariah-Yulia  • Talk to me!  17:37, 20 October 2010 (UTC)

1. "Russian Oligarchs" page - I totally agree that this should be its own page. I don't believe that the term "business oligarch" has ever really been used outside the former Soviet Union, and its current usage vastly overshadows any general usage that may have existed before. I think someone should definitely move forward with this, hopefully while causing as little disruption as possible. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sredni vashtar (talk • contribs) 20:50, 20 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I agree so made Business oligarch a disambiguation page; I think we can all live with that. The Russian and Ukrainian contributions didn't compliment eachother.... —  Mariah-Yulia  • Talk to me!  17:37, 20 October 2010 (UTC)

My deletion of large text
To my knowledge, the term "(business) oligarch" has been an exclusively post-Soviet phenomemnon. Not without similarities to other countries, but also with unique history and circumstances: lightning-fast (in historical scale) robbing a huge country into private hands of few.

If the term acquired a more general application over last 20 years, this must be thoroughly documented. Ralph Saroyan (talk) 16:10, 24 July 2010 (UTC)

American Oligarchs?
What about American Oligarchs like Soros or the Koch Brothers? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.19.228.15 (talk) 14:56, 11 December 2016 (UTC)

 * Hmm well, there do exist blue-chip RS such as The Hill and The Guardian that refer to certain American billionaires as oligarchs.
 * As currently written, a Template:Globalize tag wouldn’t be appropriate (content is already generic) but I agree that more content and TP discussion is warranted. RadioactiveBoulevardier (talk) 05:09, 26 June 2023 (UTC)

An "Oligarch" is a member of an "Oligarchy". Has nothing to do with "Business" or being a "Business Magnate".
ol·i·gar·chy

/ˈäləˌɡärkē/ noun noun: oligarchy; plural noun: oligarchies

a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution. "the ruling oligarchy of military men around the president" a country governed by an oligarchy. "the English aristocratic oligarchy of the 19th century" government by an oligarchy. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.44.156.130 (talk) 01:43, 19 April 2019 (UTC)

Oligarch
Surely oligarch is just another name for MAFIA 51.6.43.1 (talk) 11:35, 27 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Business oligarch


text:
User talk:Ashandarei

welcome
Hi there Ashandarei, and welcome to the 'pedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you ever need editing help visit How does one edit a page and experiment at Sandbox. If you need pointers on how we title pages visit Naming conventions or how to format them visit our manual of style. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help, add a question to the Village pump or come talk to me. Thanks for the paragraph cleanup on Lord of the Flies, btw. Cheers! Gaurav 17:23, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

p.s. You can sign your messages like I did, by typing four tildes one after the other (like this: ~ )

Philly meetup
Hi, Ashandarei! There will be a Wikipedia Meetup in Philadelphia on 4 November. If you're interested in coming, RSVP by editing Meetup/Philadelphia 2 to reflect the likelihood of your being able to attend. If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Hopefully, we'll all see you (and each other) on the 4th! --CComMack (t•c) 16:58, 6 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Hope to see you there! --evrik 16:57, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

Invite
--evrik 16:57, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

Wikimedia Pennsylvania
Hello there!

I'm writing to inform you that we are now forming the first local Wikimedia Chapter in the United States: Wikimedia Pennsylvania. Our goals are to perform outreach and fundraising activities on behalf of the various Wikimedia projects. If you're interested in being a part of the chapter, or just want to know more, you can:
 * Contact us on IRC at #wikimedia-pa
 * Join our mailing list
 * Visit our blog at http://wmfpa.blogspot.com

Thanks and I hope you join up!  Cbrown1023   talk   02:34, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ashandarei


text:
User talk:Kbir1

Mahabharat TV Series
Just noticed that you have removed the entire episode summary that I had added. What you have gained by doing so, I do not know. Personally if I were a wikipedia user looking for information, I would have been elated to see the story summarised by episodes right under the parent body of the article. Epics like mahabharat dont really demand a rewrite from anybody, least of all from irrelavent entities like ourselves. WE live in a world where a great civilization is slowly dying and when we pedantically apply rules we expedite the process. But suit yourself. On the matter of technicality, you cannot be faulted; that was a copy/paste. Have a good day. Aryabhatta (talk) 23:42, 22 April 2012 (UTC)

Bhagat Singh
Hi, I have seen that you have contributed tremendously in the article on Bhagat Singh. I would like to request you to try to help me remove as many errors / inconsistencies as possible. I have made a GAN for it. Thanks. Tinpisa (talk) 08:55, 7 October 2011 (UTC)

Wikimedia Stories Project
Hello,

My name is Victor Grigas, and I'm a storyteller at the Wikimedia foundation. We're telling stories of Wikipedia users, editors, donors, programmers and staff to paint a picture of who uses Wikipedia - for the 2011 fundraiser.

I am in the process of planning a trip to India to gather stories from Indian Wikipedians in face-to-face interviews (possibly on video).

My primary goal is to conduct 15-20 interviews, and hopefully enough of my interviews will make compelling stories that will effectively solicit donations from the public. These stories may also be used for other communication purposes by the foundation.

I found your userpage on a list of prolific Wikipedians and thought I’d reach out to you. Prolific editing is always a good story to tell!

If you are interested in participating, please contact me via my email:

vgrigas@wikimedia.org

Thank you for your time!

Victor

About me: I have been a Wikipedia editor since 2005, and have a background in film, video and audio. My userpage can be found here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Victorgrigas

Thanks
I splits Ghostwriter (TV series) because I feel it is too long and needs to be splitting. Thanks for the tips of adding summary.--NeoBatfreak (talk) 02:42, 4 December 2011 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification
Hi. When you recently edited Ramayan (TV series), you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Vali (check to confirm | fix with Dab solver). Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 10:43, 23 December 2011 (UTC)

You are appreciated
Your efforts are recognized, thank you for putting in that elbow grease. Parsh (talk) 01:31, 20 November 2012 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Mahabharat (2008 TV series)

The article Mahabharat (2008 TV series) has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * this series was scheduled to made long ago but as of now never this named series made and does not going to be made by same person or any project related person/crew and series only stands at in making state and created news headlines never any actor signed this kind of project so this article is Stands to be Speedy deletion prior to clean up or unverified show/project misguiding people

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. 124.125.72.177 (talk) 12:57, 27 April 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Ramayan poster.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Ramayan poster.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 02:48, 4 June 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kbir1


text:
Glider (video game)

Glider is a Macintosh video game written by John Calhoun and first published as shareware in 1988 under the company name Soft Dorothy Software. The object of the game is to fly a paper plane through the rooms of a house. Air currents from heat ducts and fans affect the plane's movement, while assorted household objects are usually deadly. Some rooms have special mechanics, such as the ability to slide along grease-covered surfaces. Each room is presented as a two-dimensional side view.

In 1991, a colorized version of Glider that included a level editor was published by Casady & Greene as Glider 4.0. A version of Glider 4 for Microsoft Windows was released around 1994. In 1994, Casady & Greene published a further enhanced version of the game, Glider PRO, for the Mac. When Casady & Greene went bankrupt in 2003, the rights to the series reverted to the author, who opted for a period of time to give the game away on his website.

Calhoun wrote several other Macintosh games, such as Glypha, Pararena, and Stella Obscura, but Glider was the most popular.

Gameplay

The main challenge is to simply avoid collision with the floor, or obstacles such as furniture. Moving obstacles include bouncing basketballs, popping toast, and dripping water. Candles and other burning objects present both a handy updraft and a lethal flame. Collision with "enemy" paper planes and balloons is also fatal, but these can be shot down with the use of a bonus item: rubber bands. The other bonus items are pieces of paper (extra lives), a variety of clocks (points), and batteries (temporary increased speed.) Glider PRO includes two new bonus items: aluminum foil (shielding against in-flight collisions) and helium tanks (mutually exclusive with regard to batteries, allows the glider to float upwards).

A puzzle element is added to the gameplay in the form of switches controlling vents, lighting, home applications and even enemies.

Glider 4.0 was designed around rooms inside a house and the game's theme included such elements as claustrophobia and stormy weather. Glider PRO incorporated outdoor environments in addition to indoor environments, and had a different theme which included such things as sunny weather and the start of summer vacation.

Houses
Levels are called "houses" in Glider parlance, though a level may contain any number of individual buildings, as well as outdoors, sewer, or other sections. Houses are entirely self-contained, and any of them is immediately available for play. Glider PRO was released with one real house called Slumberland, and one demonstration house. A later CD release of the game featured 14 further houses. Beyond this, a sizable number of houses are available for download on fan sites.

Houses can be created and edited using the built-in house editor in the "Classic" version of Glider PRO. A separate program for creating and editing houses was included with Glider 4.0.

Reception
Inside Mac Games praised Glider PRO for its entertaining and non-violent gameplay, in addition to having a two-player mode that did not require modems or a network.

AllGame editor Lisa Karen Savignano described Glider 4.0 as "an interesting and fun game that will challenge people of all ages".

Legacy
Two monthly ezines, GliderTech and The Cockpit were published between 1995 and 1997 following the release of Glider PRO. GliderTech published editorials, house reviews, house building tips and each issue was accompanied by a house or two with some examples of obstacles or techniques that could be used in house creation.

On 20 June 2014, a version of Glider for OS X 10.7 or later, was released on the Mac App Store. This version is also available for the iPhone and iPad as Glider Classic. Both are from Soft Dorothy LLC.

On 27 Jan 2016, the source code, graphics, and sound data for Glider PRO were released on GitHub with the source code being licensed under the GNU General Public License v2. In addition, the source code for Glider 4.0 was released under the MIT License.

In 2020, a fan created a browser-based version of Glider 4.0 based on John Calhoun's Pascal source code.

title: Glider (video game)


text:
User:ITPA.WIKI1

My name is Peter Pfaffner born (and back again) in the wonderful but sometimes rainy and cold city of Hamburg (Germany). I'm the IT-Business for more than 25 years and still not tired to learn new technologies :-).

Wikipedia is a wonderful opportunity to share my knowledge in building and managing large data centers.

Will be back soon to improve this poor page with my thoughts and some rants about the ongoing IT technology hype.

Cheers, Peter

title: User:ITPA.WIKI1


text:
Vsevolod Bobrov

Vsevolod Mikhailovich Bobrov (Все́волод Миха́йлович Бобро́в; 1 December 1922 – 1 July 1979) was a Soviet athlete, who excelled in football, bandy and ice hockey. He is considered one of the best Soviets ever in each of those sports.

Originally a football player, he played for CDKA Moscow, VVS Moscow, and Spartak Moscow, and represented the Soviet Union internationally at the 1952 Summer Olympics. After he quit football in 1953 he turned to ice hockey, which he had taken up when it was started in the Soviet Union in 1946. He was one of the first ice hockey players in the Soviet Union, and joined CDKA Moscow, playing for them and VVS Moscow before retiring in 1957. A leading scorer in the Soviet League, Bobrov was one of three players to average more than two goals per game over their career, with the other two players (Alexei Guryshev and Viktor Shuvalov) his linemates. Internationally he participated with the Soviet national team at several World Championships, including their first tournament in 1954, as well as the 1956 Winter Olympics, where the Soviets won the gold medal.

After his playing career, Bobrov coached both football and ice hockey. He coached the Soviet national team in ice hockey, most notably during the 1972 Summit Series against Canada. A renowned athlete, he was inducted into the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame when it was founded in 1997. The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), a Russian-based league, has one of its four divisions named after Bobrov.

Early life
Bobrov was born in Morshansk on 1 December 1922 and moved to Sestroretsk in 1925, along with his parents and two siblings. He first started to skate at the age of 5, and played bandy from a young age. He left school when he was 13 in order to work in a factory.

Football
After serving in the Soviet Army during World War II, he was invited to play football for the Army club CSKA Moscow in 1945. That same year, he joined Dynamo Moscow on their 1945 tour of the United Kingdom; he scored 6 of the 19 their goals, and it was on this tour that he saw artificial ice for the first time. Playing until 1953 for CSKA, VVS, and Spartak, he would go on to win the Soviet Championship three times, scoring 97 goals in only 116 games. Bobrov led the country in goals in 1945 with 24 and 1947 with 14. Chronic knee problems led to him having surgeries in 1947, 1950, 1952, and 1953, to fix the issue, though it never was resolved.

He was capped three times for the Soviet Union national team representing them in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He scored five goals in total, including a hat trick against Yugoslavia, though the Soviets lost that match and failed to medal. He was also part of the CDKA team that was disbanded by the government due to this loss, and transferred to Spartak Moscow for his final season of football.

Ice hockey
Bobrov began playing ice hockey for CSKA a year after his football start, in 1946. However, due to a knee injury sustained during the football season, he missed the first season. His playing career in this sport lasted until 1957, with the years between 1950 and 1953 spent with VVS. Although football was Bobrov's first sport, his success in ice hockey was even greater. In 1947–48, his first season of play, Bobrov scored 52 goals in 18 games. In 1950, a plane crash almost killed the entire VVS Moscow team. Bobrov survived the crash as he overslept and travelled by rail. In the Soviet League, which his teams won seven times, Bobrov scored 254 goals in 130 games; he is one of three players who averaged more than a goal per game in the Soviet Championship (along with Alexei Guryshev and Viktor Shuvalov; the three were linemates). During his career Bobrov was known for his "timing and vision." Anatoli Tarasov said he "controlled the rubber," and later observed that Bobrov was "in slow motion in a way much like [Wayne] Gretzky, which could slow down the whole game and give him seemingly more time to think, to compose the next verse." However he did not focus on defence, and would often stay at centre ice for periods of 10 to 20 seconds.

Internationally Bobrov played for the Soviet national team in the 1956 Winter Olympics, becoming one of the few athletes to participate in both the Summer and Winter Olympics. Bobrov proceeded to lead his country to the gold medal, and also won the World Championship in 1954 and 1956. He won silver in 1955 when his team lost to Canada, represented by the Penticton Vees. He suffered a career-ending injury in 1957. Overall, he scored 89 goals in 59 games for his country. In Russian ice hockey, his name was given to an exclusive list of players, the Bobrov Club, who scored over 250 goals during their career.

Bobrov, who served as a player-coach in both sports during his time with VVS, would go on to coach various teams after retiring as a player in both football and ice hockey. In the latter, he coached the USSR in the 1972 Summit Series and then led them to the World Championship in 1974 and 1975.

Later life and legacy
Bobrov died in Moscow in 1979. He was posthumously inducted into the inaugural class of the IIHF Hall of Fame in 1997. For the greatest Russian athlete in the 20th century, Bobrov finished third behind football goalkeeper Lev Yashin and Greco-Roman wrestler Alexander Karelin.

The Kontinental Hockey League, a Russian-based ice hockey league, has one of its four divisions named after Bobrov.

title: Vsevolod Bobrov


text:
User talk:Gcbartlett

Welcome!

'''Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my New-Users' Talk Page.'''

Additional tips:
 * Here are some extra tips to help you get around Wikipedia:
 * If you want to play around with your new Wiki skills, try the Sandbox.
 * Click on the Edit button on a page, and look at how other editors did what they did.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: ~~~. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too. Always sign comments on Talk pages, never sign Articles.
 * You might want to add yourself to the New User Log
 * If your first language isn't English, try Contributing to articles outside your native language

Happy editing! Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:23, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gcbartlett


text: User talk:210.50.249.12

title: User talk:210.50.249.12


text: User talk:168.169.120.232

title: User talk:168.169.120.232


text:
Sensor web

Sensor web is a type of sensor network that heavily utilizes the World Wide Web and is especially suited for environmental monitoring. OGC's Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) framework defines a suite of web service interfaces and communication protocols abstracting from the heterogeneity of sensor (network) communication.

Definition
The term "sensor web" was first used by Kevin Delin of NASA in 1997, to describe a novel wireless sensor network architecture where the individual pieces could act and coordinate as a whole. In this sense, the term describes a specific type of sensor network: an amorphous network of spatially distributed sensor platforms (pods) that wirelessly communicate with each other. This amorphous architecture is unique since it is both synchronous and router-free, making it distinct from the more typical TCP/IP-like network schemes. A pod as a physical platform for a sensor can be orbital or terrestrial, fixed or mobile and might even have real time accessibility via the Internet. Pod-to-pod communication is both omni-directional and bi-directional where each pod sends out collected data to every other pod in the network. Hence, the architecture allows every pod to know what is going on with every other pod throughout the sensor web at each measurement cycle. The individual pods (nodes) were all hardware equivalent and Delin's architecture did not require special gateways or routing to have each of the individual pieces communicate with one another or with an end user. Delin's definition of a sensor web was an autonomous, stand-alone, sensing entity – capable of interpreting and reacting to the data measured – that does not necessarily require the presence of the World Wide Web to function. As a result, on-the-fly data fusion, such as false-positive identification and plume tracking, can occur within the sensor web itself and the system subsequently reacts as a coordinated, collective whole to the incoming data stream. For example, instead of having uncoordinated smoke detectors, a sensor web can react as a single, spatially dispersed, fire locator.

The term "sensor web" has also morphed into sometimes being associated with an additional layer connecting sensors to the World Wide Web. The Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) initiative of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) defines service interfaces which enable an interoperable usage of sensor resources by enabling their discovery, access, tasking, as well as eventing and alerting. By defining standardized service interfaces, a sensor web based on SWE services hides the heterogeneity of an underlying sensor network, its communication details and various hardware components, from the applications built on top of it. OGC's SWE initiative defines the term "sensor web" as an infrastructure enabling access to sensor networks and archived sensor data that can be discovered and accessed using standard protocols and application programming interfaces. Through this abstraction from sensor details, their usage in applications is facilitated.

Characteristics of Delin's sensor web architecture
Delin designed a sensor web as a web of interconnected pods. All pods in a sensor web are equivalent in hardware (there are no special "gateway" or "slave" pods). Nevertheless, there are additional functions that pods can perform besides participating in the general sensor web function. Any pod of a sensor web can be a portal pod and provides users access to the sensor web (both input and output). Access can be provided by RF modem, cell phone connections, laptop connections, or even an Internet Server. In some cases, a pod will have an attached removable memory unit (such as a USB stick or a laptop) that stores collected data.

The term of mother pod refers to the pod that contains the master clock of the synchronous sensor web system. The mother pod has no special hardware associated with it, its designation as a mother is merely based on the ID number associated with the pod. Often the mother pod serves as a primary portal point to the Internet, but this is done only for deployment convenience. Early papers referenced the mother pod as "a prime node" if it additionally contained special hardware for a particular type of input/output device (say an RF modem).

Because of the inherent hopping of data within a sensor web, a pod with no attached sensors can be deployed as a relay with the single purpose of facilitating communication between the other pods and to expand the communication range to a particular end-point (such as a mother pod). Sensors can be attached to relay pods at a later time and relays can also serve as portal pods.

Each pod usually contains:
 * one or more sensor leading to one or more data channel,
 * a processing unit such as a micro-controller or microprocessor,
 * a two-way communication component such as a radio and antenna (radio ranges are typically limited by government spectrum requirements; unlicensed bands will allow for communication of a few hundred yards in unobstructed areas, although line of sight is not a requirement),
 * an energy source such as a battery coupled with a solar cell,
 * a package to protect components against sometimes harsh environment,

Each pod also typically requires a support such as a pole or tripod. The number of pods may vary, with examples of sensor webs with 12 to 30 pods. The shape of a sensor web may impact its usefulness, for instance a particular deployment made sure each pod was in range to communicate with at least two other pods. Sensor web measurement cycles have typically been between 30 seconds and 15 minutes for deployed systems thus far.

Sensor webs consisting of pods have been deployed that have spanned miles and run continuously for years. Sensor webs have been fielded in harsh environments (including deserts, mountain snowpacks, and Antarctica) for the purposes of environmental science and have also proved valuable in urban search and rescue and infrastructure protection. The technology is not only monitoring the environment but sometimes also controlling the environment by actuating devices.

title: Sensor web


text:
Talk:Article Six of the United States Constitution

Introduction
The introduction should be rewritten. Its very unclear of what exactly Article Six is about. Arthur92710 (talk) 23:43, 27 September 2008 (UTC)

Supremacy
We know that the Constitution supersedes treaties, and treaties supersede state law. But in reference to situations in which a treaty conflicts with federal legislation, can someone please cite the Supreme Court case that established which takes precedence? If I'm not mistaken, the one that was enacted later takes precedence. 205.217.105.2 17:26, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The above is a fabrication. Treaties do not supersede state law. A state can nulify a treaty if it is unconstitutional and congress will not. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.128.21.141 (talk) 08:14, 27 May 2011 (UTC)

I rewrote the description of Reid v. Covert. The ruling does not say that the constituion is supreme over treaties. It says no one can use a treaty as an end run around the constitution to accrue powers not conferred or governed by the constitution. Those are very very different things. As an example: W could get a treaty written that names him the sole arbiter of laws of trade with Afghanistan and Iraq. Those two nations could sign and ratify it. The Senate could vote unanimously to ratify it, and it would still not be law, as the congress has the right to legislate in this area, not the executive. W would receive powers from the treaty that he cannot claim under the constitution.

Bricker Amendment
For some time I have been working on revisions to the Bricker Amendment article. I finally posted it and have a PR at Peer review/Bricker Amendment/archive1. I'd welcome comments. I know all those references may seem extravagant, but I'm hoping to get it as an FA and those voters want lots of footnotes. PedanticallySpeaking 16:26, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

Reid v. Covert
"Reid v. Covert (1957) ruled that no branch of the United States Government can have powers conferred upon it by treaty that have not been conferred by the United States Constitution" is incorrect. The holding in Reid v. Covert is that international agreements entered into by executive order, not by Senate ratification, cannot supercede the Constitution. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.93.59.0 (talk) 23:52, 2 April 2024 (UTC)

Prohibition of Religious Tests vs. Federal Oaths
An edit by Is Mise on 7 April contends that the final clause of many U.S. federal oaths ("so help me God," etc.) is religious in nature and is therefore severely restricted or invalidated as an unconstitutional religious test under Article VI§3. While I agree that these oaths are dubious, I feel that this edit trends into original research. Citations and background are required for such a claim to hold up. I have read variously that "so help me god" is merely a verbal styling added to the end of many oaths that is neither obligatory nor part of the oath itself (see the articles on U.S. Presidential and Vice Presidential oaths and U.S. Federal, Civil Service oaths, etc.) I have not reverted Is Mise's edits; I hope that someone qualified (with a J.D.?) to evaluate their claims will either substantiate them or delete them.Auranor (talk) 08:15, 17 June 2009 (UTC)

JFK's implicit test
The last part of "Oaths" talks about an "implicit, but no less effective, religious test" in connection with JFK, without ever describing it, and I found no explanation in the linked speech, the John F. Kennedy or the Oath of office of the President of the United States articles. Can someone in the know please expand and add references? 46.115.152.160 (talk) 15:48, 24 May 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Article Six of the United States Constitution. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081211012558/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/constitution/browse.html to http://www.gpoaccess.gov/constitution/browse.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:16, 10 July 2017 (UTC)


text: Category:Prehistory

title: Category:Prehistory


text:
Farmer (disambiguation)

A farmer is a person who engages in agriculture.

Farmer or farmers may also refer to:

United States

 * Farmer, Missouri, an unincorporated community
 * Farmer, North Carolina, an unincorporated community
 * Farmer, Ohio, an unincorporated community
 * Farmer City, Illinois
 * Farmer City, Kansas, a ghost town
 * Farmer, South Dakota, a town
 * Farmer Township, Defiance County, Ohio
 * Farmer Township, Rice County, Kansas
 * Farmers, Indiana, an unincorporated community
 * Farmers, Kentucky, a census-designated place
 * Farmers, Ohio, an unincorporated community
 * Farmers, Rush County, Indiana, an unincorporated community
 * Farmers Township, Fulton County, Illinois

Elsewhere

 * Farmer Glacier, Oates Land, Antarctica
 * Farmer Island, Queensland, Australia

People

 * Farmer (surname), a list of people bearing the surname Farmer
 * George Bennett (cricketer, born 1829) (1829–1886), English cricketer
 * Farmer Brooks (1957–2022), ring name of Canadian retired midget professional wrestler Clifford Fraser
 * Farmer Burns (baseball) (1876–?), American baseball pitcher
 * Martin Burns (1861–1937), professional wrestler
 * Farmer Kelly (1889–1961), American college football player (1911–1914)
 * Langford Peel (1831–1867), English gunman in the American Old West
 * Farmer Ray (1886–1963), American Major League Baseball pitcher in the 1910 season
 * Farmer Steelman (1875–1944), American Major League Baseball catcher
 * Farmer Vaughn (1864–1914), American Major League Baseball player
 * Farmer Weaver (1865–1943), American Major League Baseball player

Music

 * "Farmers", a song by LL Cool J from his 2000 album G.O.A.T.
 * The Farmer (opera), a 1787 English comic opera
 * The Farmer (song), the debut single of Thin Lizzy

Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media

 * The Farmer (film), a 1977 American crime action film
 * The Farmer, a South Australian publication, issued from 1933 to 1947, see Yorke Peninsula Country Times
 * "The Farmer", a season 3 episode of the television series Haven

Businesses

 * Farmer (revenue leasing), pays a lease to a governing power for the right to collect taxes, customs, excise, or other duties. A common practice in the past, but not any more
 * Farmers Insurance Group, an insurance carrier in the United States
 * Farmers' Mutual Group, former name of FMG Insurance, a mutual insurance company in New Zealand
 * Farmers State Bank (disambiguation), various banks in the United States
 * Farmers Trading Company, a department store chain in New Zealand
 * Farmer and Company, a defunct department store in Australia

Military

 * Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19 (NATO reporting name: Farmer), a Soviet fighter aircraft
 * Shenyang J-6 (NATO reporting name: Farmer), the Chinese variant of the MiG-19

Political parties

 * Farmer (party), a non-existent party occasionally used as a ticket by disgruntled members of the United Farmers in the 1925 and 1930 Canadian federal elections
 * Farmers' Party (disambiguation)

Other uses

 * Farmer, the defendant in the landmark US Supreme Court case Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
 * Farmer baronets, an extinct title in the Baronetage of Great Britain
 * Farmers Classic, the name of the now defunct Los Angeles Open tournament from 2010 to 2012
 * Russian Gyroplanes Gyros-1 Farmer, a Russian gyroplane design

title: Farmer (disambiguation)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bunz

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 22:11, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Bunz
This article seems to be slang for a small group of people. It is possible that the poster is trying to use Wikipedia to make this slang term mainstream. Please correct me if I am wrong, but if I am not, then delete the article. MicahMN | Talk 17:31, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete for the reasons above. EdwinHJ | Talk 17:34, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete describing slang with no reference to where in the world this word is spoken. --Randolph 19:36, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Wikipedia is not a slang and idiom guide. Dsmdgold 21:57, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Bun to prevent article recreation. Megan1967 10:26, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Not sure if redirecting it to Bun would help since "Bunz" isn't a reference to a food item. MicahMN | Talk 00:49, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bunz


text:
User:Nsae Comp

This user-page is for collecting useful stuff for my self and other users.

Happy editing & collaborating!

Give ♡ for structured (& hyperlinked) content!

About me
Nsae Comp is a pseudonym for me a lifeform, born, raised and living on Earth, Centrope.

Holding a masters degree (Magister degree) in Development Studies, with focus on Cultural Studies/Postcolonial Studies and main work on Indigenous Peoples in Voluntary Isolation VS (first) contact narratives, from the University of Vienna. City of Vienna civil servant for public housing and their decarbonization. Theater of the Oppressed Human Rights activist with Amnesty International. Dedicated to the recognition of the universe and it's/everyone's rights. Last but absolutely not least: proud fulltime daddy and partner.

Access

 * Creative Commons media search engine
 * Wikipedia Library, @ ♡♡♡
 * Shadow library
 * Sci-Hub
 * Alexandra Elbakyan
 * Internet Archive, @
 * Internet Archive - Scholar
 * Wikisource, @
 * Project Gutenberg, @
 * Web of Science, Core Collection Master Journal List @
 * PubMed, @
 * arXiv, @
 * WP:Free English newspaper sources
 * Chinese Text Project, @
 * Kulboy.com - german archive and museum for media related to (retro-) video games.

Google:

 * Programable search
 * Google Scholar, @
 * Google Books, @
 * Google ngrams - search occurance of terms/phrases
 * Google Newspapers (archive), @

Reliability

 * WP:Find
 * WP:WikiProject Reliability
 * WP:No original research
 * Reliable sources
 * WP:Reliable source examples
 * WP:Reliable source examples
 * WP:Reliable sources/Noticeboard
 * WP:Reliable sources/Perennial sources

Referencing tools

 * To highlight the specific text at a linked source: add at the end of the source's URL "#:~:text=" and the specific text
 * Help:Citation tools
 * Citer - Converts a DOI, ISBN, OCLC, or URL into a citation and shortened footnote. It also can generate citations for many news websites.
 * Refill - review & replace all bare URLs on a Wikipedia page with filled cite web
 * BibGuru - An online full-fledged reference management solution.
 * Zotero – software for finding and managing citations. Easily paste their citations into Wikipedia as citation templates.
 * Failed verification - is used when an editor tried to verify the information in an article with its sources, but failed to do so.

Outreach

 * Wikimedia Outreach
 * Education
 * WP:Education program
 * Wikimedia Campaigns
 * WP:School and university projects
 * WP:General disclaimer
 * WP:Advice for parents
 * WP:About
 * WP:FAQ
 * Help:Introduction
 * Menu
 * WP:Directories and indexes
 * WP:Department directory
 * WP:User access levels
 * List of online encyclopedias
 * WP:Search
 * WP:Reference desk
 * WP:Tips
 * WP:How do I use Wikipedia for research?
 * WP:Research help/Scholars and experts
 * Reliability of Wikipedia
 * WP:Citing Wikipedia
 * Special:Cite - generate citation for a Wikipedia page
 * Wikiversity, @
 * OpenSpeaks - Wikiversity Project for Indigenous Peoples languages
 * Wikibooks, @
 * Wikipedia Zero - free access to Wikipedia project
 * Most viewed articles:
 * Weekly
 * Monthly (optional daily or yearly)

Advocating

 * WP:Welcoming committee
 * WP:Encourage the newcomers
 * WP:Avoid cryptic language
 * WP:Ambassadors/Resources
 * WP:Online Ambassadors/Recruitment
 * WP:Meetup
 * WP:Wikimedia Österreich (Wikimedia Austria), @
 * WP:Förderung/Wikimedia Österreich
 * Mitgliedschaft
 * Mitgliederseite
 * WP:Wien
 * WP:Wien/WikiDienstag
 * WP:Niederösterreich
 * Wikiversity Austria

Experts are welcome

 * WP:Expert retention
 * Help:Wikipedia editing for non-academic experts
 * Help:Wikipedia editing for researchers, scholars, and academics
 * WP:Expert editors
 * WP:Expert help
 * Expert needed

Work in progress

 * WP:Wikipedia is a work in progress
 * WP:Press coverage
 * List of Wikipedia controversies
 * Criticism of Wikipedia
 * WP:Why Wikipedia is not so great
 * WP:Wikipedia is failing
 * Predictions of the end of Wikipedia
 * WP:Replies to common objections

Wikipedia as a mirror of the world
(Take care: WP:Biographies of living persons)
 * Wikipedia
 * Racial bias on Wikipedia
 * Gender bias on Wikipedia
 * Wikipedia is a mirror of the world’s gender biases (by Wikimedia Foundation)
 * "Why Women Don't Edit Wikipedia.", nine reasons by former Wikimedia Foundation executive Sue Gardner.
 * WP:WikiProject Women in Red/Video games
 * WP:WikiProject Gender studies
 * WP:WikiProject Feminism

Other Wikiprojects

 * WP:WikiProject Directory
 * e.g. WP:WikiProject Colonialism

You can use the search box below to easily find a WikiProject that interests you!

Tasks

 * WP:Contributing to Wikipedia
 * WP:Dashboard
 * WP:Task Center
 * WP:Maintenance
 * WP:Maintenance
 * WP:Backlog

 * Missing information
 * Explain
 * Expand section
 * Empty section
 * Lead too short

 * WP:New pages patrol
 * WP:New articles by topic
 * Special:Newpagesfeed

Draft (& Wikipedia data structure) - get started, edit and draft!

 * WP:Requested articles
 * WP:Articles for creation
 * Wikipedia data structure and development
 * WP:Directories and indexes
 * WP:Namespaces
 * WP:New pages
 * Article Wizard
 * "Draft:"
 * Creating and editing drafts
 * Draft article

Don't delete, redirect articles

 * Deletionism and inclusionism in Wikipedia
 * Alternatives to deletion
 * Incubation
 * Draft article
 * WP:Moving articles to draft space
 * WP:Notability (people)
 * WP:Merging
 * Moving (e.g. to other projects)
 * Redirection (use "#Redirect [[...")
 * WP:WikiProject Redirect
 * WP:WikiProject Redirect/Style guide
 * WP:Template index/Redirect pages
 * WP:Template index/Redirect pages

Dispute resolution

 * WP:Dispute resolution

 * WP:Etiquette VS Rough tone (e.g. use of "ego") & Wikipedia inclusiveness
 * WP:Assume good faith
 * Constructive criticism
 * Discuss and use (also ) after some replies.
 * WP:BRDWRONG - BOLD, revert, DISCUSS cycle (BRD) misuse
 * WP:ROWN - Revert only when necessary
 * WP:Five pillars

Community

 * WP:Requests for comment
 * WP:Mediation
 * WP:Community portal
 * WP:Teahouse
 * WP:Village pump
 * WP:IRC
 * WP:Discord
 * WP:Discord

Dependency & limits (as a mirror of the world), and how to lose

 * WP:What Wikipedia is not
 * WP:Tendentious editing
 * WP:Tendentious editing
 * We follow: WP:NOTLEAD
 * Wikipedia is a lagging indicator of notability: WP:SUSTAINED

 * WP:MANDY
 * False balance
 * Hitchens's razor

 * How to lose
 * Advice for hotheads

 * Civil POV pushing
 * Blocking policy

Structure, then content

 * WP:Manual of Style/Accessibility
 * WP:Manual of Style
 * WP:Manual of Style/Layout
 * WP:Neutral point of view

Other issues

 * "Meatball Wiki": interesting site for oldschool cyberspace (e.g. RightToVanish)

Toolbox

 * WP:Search
 * External links search
 * WP:Tools
 * Find link - searches Wikipedia for text that fits the given article title and enables direct adding of an according wikilink.
 * [//cosmiclattes.github.io/wikireplay/player Wiki Replay] - replays editing of a given article.
 * XTools Blame - finds edits which added a given text.
 * whoCOLOR - browser script which highlights original authors directly in the article.
 * Oldid2 - lets you link to a past article version.
 * Template link - is a simple macro template used to display a template name as a link surrounded by braces, thus showing the template name as code rather than actually invoking it.
 * Help:Cheatsheet

 * WP:Wikimedia Cloud Services

Images

 * WP:Images linking to articles
 * Extension:ImageMap
 * Multiple images
 * Switcher
 * external media

Maps

 * Graph:Map
 * Highlighted world map by country
 * Global Heat Maps by Year
 * Choropleth world map
 * Graph:Map

Graphs

 * Data bars
 * Pie chart

Writing

 * Check readability of text: The Hemingway App. A readability score over >45 is fairly okay.
 * Redundancy exercises: removing fluff from your writing
 * WP:Principle of Some Astonishment

Other useful templates, etc.

 * WP:Hatnote
 * More
 * Main
 * Also
 * Further
 * Other
 * Broader
 * Distinguish
 * About-distinguish2
 * For2
 * Redirect
 * Help:Interwiki linking
 * de:
 * div col
 * rp - reference page(s)
 * Notelist
 * efn - Footnote
 * Primary source inline _
 * sn - Source needed
 * cn - Citation needed
 * Fact
 * Dubious
 * Update
 * Update after - for a time-activated update note
 * Update inline
 * Update inline span
 * replyto
 * Use   for disabling the script of a text
 * Use undefined for superscript text
 * Use undefined for subordinated text
 * Use for an invisible note
 * Excerpt
 * Transclude lead excerpt
 * Excerpt
 * Transclude lead excerpt

About how I got to Wikipedia (2005)
I have heard of Wikipedia several times before, first from my brother and then from my best friend. At this point I also want to mention my B2 First Teacher, who mentioned as first teacher Wikipedia and FM4 to me, wich were no new names for me, because I used them already daily, at that time, but I found it intresting that the teachers knew of such webpages and youth oriented radio stations.

FM4 is an english/german austrian youth orientated radio station, by the Austrian Broadcasting Corporation ORF, wich created the Prix Ars Electronica, wich awarded Wikipedia last year.

Since one or two months ago (about February 2005) I have been visiting Wikipedia quite often, and since April I have begun editing.

I try to add as much information as I can from school or other information sources to Wikipedia, when I use it.

Can't resist to put this unnecessary thing here
Countries (and states) I have been to (by accumulated time):

34 Countries

Entertaining quotes from Wikipedia
""Early photos of Earth taken from space inspired a mild version of the overview effect in earthbound non-astronauts, and became prominent symbols of environmental concern.""

Contact

 * Uncontacted peoples
 * First contact (anthropology)
 * First contact (anthropology)
 * Noble savage
 * Ten Lost Tribes

Forms of government

 * Monarchy
 * Republic
 * Democracy

Peoples

 * People
 * Nationality
 * Citizen

Colonization

 * Colony
 * Colonization
 * Space colonization
 * Moon

Wiki style databank, now!

 * List_of_IMAX_venues (on the Internet Archive)
 * Articles for deletion/List of IMAX venues (4th nomination)
 * Alternative databank

title: User:Nsae Comp