text:
Miles Smiles

Miles Smiles is an album by the jazz musician Miles Davis. It was released on February 16, 1967 through Columbia Records. It was recorded by Davis and his second quintet at Columbia 30th Street Studio in New York City on October 24 and October 25, 1966. It is the second of six albums recorded by Davis' second great quintet, which featured tenor saxophonist Wayne Shorter, pianist Herbie Hancock, bassist Ron Carter, and drummer Tony Williams.

Music
Miles Smiles showcases Davis' deeper exploration of modal performance with looser forms, tempos, and meters. Although the album did not follow the conventions of bop, neither did it follow the formlessness of free jazz. According to musicologist Jeremy Yudkin, Miles Smiles falls under the post-bop subgenre, which he defines as "an approach that is abstract and intense in the extreme, with space created for rhythmic and coloristic independence of the drummer—an approach that incorporated modal and chordal harmonies, flexible form, structured choruses, melodic variation, and free improvisation." Music theorist Keith Waters writes that the album "accentuated the quintet's connections to both the hard bop tradition and the avant-garde."

On three tracks from this album—"Orbits", "Dolores", and "Ginger Bread Boy"—pianist Herbie Hancock takes the unusual liberty of dispensing with left-hand chords and playing only right-hand lines. "Freedom Jazz Dance" has more conventional accompaniment from the piano, although the quintet altered Eddie Harris' composition by inserting additional bars between the melodic phrases of the piece, as well as performing the piece at a slightly faster tempo.

"Footprints"
Wayne Shorter's composition "Footprints" was first recorded for his album Adam's Apple, but on Miles Smiles, the correlation between African-based (or ), and  is playfully explored. Drummer Tony Williams freely moves from swing, to the three-over-two cross rhythm—and to its correlative. The rhythmic approach of Williams, and bassist Ron Carter, strongly suggests compound quadruple meter, rather than triple meter , because the ground of four main beats is maintained throughout the piece. The bass switches to at 2:20. Carter’s figure is known as tresillo in Afro-Cuban music and is the duple-pulse correlative of the  figure. This may have been the first overt expression of systemic, African-based cross-rhythm used by a straight ahead jazz group. During Davis’ first trumpet solo, Williams shifts to a jazz ride pattern while Carter continues the  bass line.

The Davis "book"
Three of the album's compositions made it to Davis' live "book". "Dolores" is known from a single recording in the spring of 1967. "Ginger Bread Boy" and "Footprints" were played much more frequently. Early live versions of "Ginger Bread Boy" (from the spring and summer of 1966) retained the melody of Heath's original version. The melody on the studio version is somewhat different (presumably changed by Davis), and ensuing versions often retain this change. "Ginger Bread Boy" was played as late as the summer of 1969. "Footprints" appears on Live in Europe 1967: The Bootleg Series Vol. 1, 1969 Miles: Festiva de Juan Pins, Live in Europe 1969: The Bootleg Series Vol. 2, and unofficial live recordings from the Fillmore West in April 1970.

Reception and legacy
Miles Smiles received critical acclaim in 1967, and was praised for its original compositions, the quintet's chemistry and playing, and Davis' phrasing. CODA editor John Norris praised the quintet's "mastery of sensitive interaction" and wrote that they "must be one of the most beautifully integrated groups ever to play jazz". Norris noted that "Every man is listening intently at all times, responding sensitively to mutual hints and directions", and stated "The empathy between Carter, Williams and Hancock, the way they anticipate each other, push each other, support each other, and phrase together - all this without a sign of strain - is really amazing". He cited the Davis-penned "Circle" as the album's highlight and wrote that the composition "defines the excellence of the group... a masterpiece". Nat Hentoff of Stereo Review called Tony Williams and Ron Carter "prodigious technicians and restless", while noting "Though tenor saxophonist Wayne Shorter does not quite reach the incandescent performance level attained by his colleagues, he is inspired by them to deliver some of his most inventive playing on records so far." Hentoff cited the quintet as Davis' "most stimulating rhythm team so far" and concluded with a discourse on its potential significance, writing that:

"[Miles Smiles] is certain to remain an important part of the Davis discography, both for the trumpeter's persistent brilliance and for the lesson by Williams and Carter in how the functions—and the dynamic range—of the jazz rhythm section are being explored and changed."

Martin Williams, writing for the Saturday Review, called it "an exceptional recital, Davis' best album in some time, and clear evidence of his continuing dedication as an improvising musician", while stating that it is "directly in the tradition of the 'experimental' Davis recordings, the tradition established by Kind of Blue in 1959—an album whose implications jazz musicians are still exploring—and continued by ESP of 1965—an album which seemed to me much less successful". Williams viewed each player as in their best form, particularly Williams and Carter, noting "their superb contributions are beyond the words I could muster for so brief an account as this one". Time similarly complimented both musicians and stated "Williams expertly helps build the mood and [Carter] has a sure feel for the note that underlines the swirl of chords".

Reviewing the record's 1992 CD reissue, Q called Miles Smiles "essential...one of the quintet's best albums" and cited "Footprints" and "Dolores" as "all-time great jazz compositions". Musician cited Miles Smiles as one of "the great quintet albums" and wrote that it "has lost none of its cutting edge ... Has any band ever grooved harder than Miles and company do on 'Orbits', 'Dolores' or 'Ginger Bread Boy'--and has Miles ever penned a more touching ballad than 'Circle'?" Allmusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine praised the quintet's compositions as "memorable, yet open-ended and nervy, setting (and creating) standards for modern bop that were emulated well into the new century". Erlewine viewed that the quintet "really began to hit their stride, delving deeper into the more adventurous, exploratory side of their signature sound ... all their strengths are in full bloom", and elaborated on the music's accessibility:

"It's not just the fast, manic material that has an edge—slower, quieter numbers are mercurial, not just in how they shift melodies and chords, but how the voicing and phrasing never settles into a comfortable groove. This is music that demands attention, never taking predictable paths or easy choices. Its greatest triumph is that it masks this adventurousness within music that is warm and accessible—it just never acts that way. No matter how accessible this is, what's so utterly brilliant about it is that the group never brings it forth to the audience. They're playing for each other, pushing and prodding each other in an effort to discover new territory. As such, this crackles with vitality, sounding fresh decades after its release."

Down Beat complimented its "simpler, drier, more austere sound" and stated "the unrehearsed, rough Miles Smiles holds up so well simply because it was more of a jazz record ... Davis' exquisite waltz, `Circle,' showcases his lyrical, muted-trumpet playing".

Track listing
Columbia – CS 9401

Musicians

 * Miles Davis – trumpet
 * Wayne Shorter – tenor saxophone
 * Herbie Hancock – piano
 * Ron Carter – double bass
 * Tony Williams – drums

Production

 * Producer – Teo Macero
 * Recording engineer – Frank Laico
 * Cover photography – Vernon Smith

title: Miles Smiles


text:
Hainault tube station

Hainault is a London Underground station in Hainault, northeast London, England. The station is on the Central line between Fairlop and Grange Hill stations. Since 2 January 2007, the station has been in Travelcard Zone 4. It is also home to one of the three Central line depots.

History
The station was opened on 1 May 1903 as part of the Great Eastern Railway's (GER) Fairlop Loop branch line from Woodford to Ilford. The line was designed to stimulate suburban growth, but Hainault station was closed on 1 October 1908 due to a lack of custom and did not reopen until 2 March 1930. In 1923, under the 1921 Railways Act, the GER was merged with other railway companies to form the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER). As part of the 1935–1940 New Works Programme of the London Passenger Transport Board, the majority of the loop was transferred from the LNER to form the eastern extensions of the Central line. Although work commenced in 1938, it was suspended upon the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 and only recommenced in 1946.

Steam train services serving Hainault were suspended on 29 November 1947. From 14 December 1947, the line from Newbury Park to Hainault was electrified to allow empty train movements to the new depot at Hainault. Electrified Central line passenger services, to Central London via Gants Hill, finally commenced on 31 May 1948. The services to Woodford via Grange Hill were reintroduced on 21 November 1948.

Alterations at Hainault included a new island platform on the west side of the station, to allow the bulk of services via Gants Hill to be terminated there as well as allowing access to Hainault Depot. Situated to the north of the station, Hainault is the major train depot at the eastern end of the line. The depot building was completed in 1939 but was used by the US Army Transportation Corps until 1945. It came into use for Central line stock on 14 December 1947.

From the mid-1960s until the early 1990s, the Woodford-Hainault section was largely operated separately from the rest of the Central line, using four-car (later three-car) trains of 1960 Stock. The three-car units had a middle carriage of 1938 tube stock. The trains were adapted for Automatic Train Operation (ATO), and the Woodford-Hainault section became the testing ground for ATO on the Victoria line. Some Victoria line 1967 Stock trains were also used to operate that section and named FACT (Fully Automatic Controlled Train). That separate operation has now been discontinued, the 1960 Stock has been withdrawn, and through trains to Central London now operate via Hainault. The 1960 Stock, along with the rest of the Central line's 1962 Stock, has been superseded by trains of 1992 Stock.

Station improvements
The station has recently been the focus of a refurbishment programme. The ticket office has been refurbished, a new Station Supervisor's Office in the ticket hall was completed in June 2009 and lifts have been installed to allow step-free access to the platforms. The lifts are the shallowest on the London Underground network, having a descent of just 18 in.

Services and connections
The typical off-peak service in trains per hour (tph) is:
 * 3 tph northbound to Woodford
 * 9 tph southbound to Ealing Broadway via Newbury Park

Hainault is half a mile (800 m) from Fairlop Station, which can be seen from the platforms by looking down the line. Central line trains take just 65 seconds on average to travel between the two stations. However the minimum walking or driving distance between the two stations is considerably longer.

London Bus routes 150, 247 and night route N8 serve the station.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hainault tube station


text:
Talk:Boys' Brigade

Girls' Brigade
There's no article for the Girls' Brigade! I am scandalised! Helen. - Well... write one! That's what it's all about!

Just a note: I altered the description of the Staff Sergeant's stripes based on personal experience and my copy of the Brigade Uniform Regulations. Staff Sergeants wear their stripes point up level with the bottom of their right shirt sleeve, in distinction to other non-commissioned ranks who wear theirs pointing down on the upper right arm. Killiedaft 01:21, 18 May 2005 (UTC)

Article tidy-up
I've done a fairly thorough proof-read and edit of the whole article - some grammar fixes and sentence structure improvements. Also started trying to split the article into sections but I think more work is needed on the "History" part. As a Junior section leader, I've also updated the description of the awards scheme. Halsteadk 22:26, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

izes and ises
This old chestnut is a perennial discussion. the suffix "ize" is not an American trait. Most words in British English that end with this suffix can be "ise" or "ize" (there are some exceptions as there are words that should end in "ise" in American English. In fact the OED prefers the use of "ize" as do many accademic sources. .  "ise" in British/commonwealth English seems to have crept into use more over the course of the latter twentieth century (find any old English dictionary and you will srtuggle to find "ise").  It has reached such ubiquity outside accademic circles that many British/Commonwealth readers often mistake the "ize"  as Ameircan.  Most dictionaries now list both suffixes as acceptable in British English, but if we are writning an international project and we have a choive it makes sense to use the spelling that would be usiversally acceptable to all English Speakers and matches other existing links (IMO the rule should also apply to examples such as Gaol and Jail in British English and Ketchup and Catsup in American English). Dainamo 13:05, 18 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Above all, consistency within an article is most important. Whether -ise or -ize is used, one variant should be used throughout, and if that is already the case, anyone unnecessarily changing between them could legitimately be reverted. See WP:ENGVAR for guidance. Halsteadk (talk) 12:22, 14 September 2009 (UTC)

Part of scouting discussion?
I think that the Boys' Brigade stands strong enough in its own right with its own past present and future and thusly should not be labled as just part of the history of scouting.

No
Im sorry, the BB is not part of the scouts, because it is older than the scouts and therefore should have its own WikiProgect for the Brigades as it is known to members of it. --Joshuarooney2006 14:25, 8 August 2006 (UTC)
 * The problem is lack of members, but great idea and I would be happy to help.   theKeith   Talk!   15:29, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Baden Powell was inspired by his friend William Smith's creation of the Boys' Brigade and was involved at ealry stage (I need citations here and will find some) Hence the Boy's Brigade is integral to the creation of scouting.  In the early part of the twentieth century there were boy;s brigade scouts, although they were a parrallel development to Baden-powell's scouts not a precursor.  Dainamo 11:01, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * As the boys' brigade pre-dates the Scout movement, it should have its own wikiproject, with the scouts also having its own with both crosslinked.
 * If we can organise this I am happy to assist. --sy278 08:57, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I have just viewed Scouting in the United Kingdom and Boys Brigade is listed as a Scouting Organisation. I believe this is incorrect. I'm unsure as to why Boys and Girls Brigade are included in this list.  As far as I know Boys Brigade don't consider themselves Scouts - indeed the movement predates Scouting.  As far as I know they are not WOSM affiliated.  They have a different founder who they are very proud of.  They may be a youth organisation that is organised in a very similar way to Scouts and share many aims and objectives but as far as I know they shouldn't be on this list.
 * Any feedback? Benjym (talk) 20:50, 18 June 2009 (UTC)(current scout leader)
 * As the Scout Movement was formed from the Boys' Brigade (Baden Powell was a Vice President of the Boys' Brigade, being invited by his friend Sir William A. Smith) and indeed as Baden Powell's book Scouting for Boys was first published by the BB and for the use of the BB Scout units, I feel that it would be a great injustice to consider that the BB is classed as a Scouting Organisation. Shouldn't the Scouts be classed as a Boys' Brigade organisation?(current BB Officer) Bob the Bandy (talk) 12:22, 13 September 2012 (UTC)

National Articles
Seeing as the BB is an global movement with different rules, structures, etc. in different countries, wouldn't it make sense to have national articles?

Someone has started a page for the Boys' Brigade in Malaysia. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Axfangli (talk • contribs) 13:24, 6 December 2006 (UTC).

External Links (Jan 2007)
Pleased to see that someone has removed all of the company links from this article. If you are thinking of adding such a link please DO NOT - if one company is linked then potentially ALL must be linked and it is not the purpose of Wikipedia to be a links repository. Links  I have removed a link to a New Zealand company that had been re-added and added some hidden comments relating to what should not be added, and put a note in the section about where to find links to companies. Halsteadk 13:56, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Why remove the links ? They could (probably should) be removed into a seperate article that lists companies, either with external links or with stubs.  If every little hamlet in the world and youth team footballer is worth a stud then surely most BB companies are also ? Hackerjack 20:33, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I think removing the links and avoiding a collection of stubs makes sense. Our primary reason for publishing on Wikipedia is to let others -- especially non-Brigadiers -- know what the BB is. Presentation is important in helping them efficiently understand the history and nature of the BB.

 * Sure, we can make a stub for each company, but I think readers would likely get frustrated by the countless times they're presented with an article stating only, "The n-th Somewhere Company was founded in this year at this place by this person." Of course, if someone has "special" information about a company (e.g. Company X started a tradition which is now observed worldwide), then that should certainly be made known.

 * The BB Directory maintains a list of companies; We can point this out on the articles. I think maintaining a huge list in Wikipedia would be overwhelming... A casual reader would not click on all of them, and a person who's looking for a specific company would be better off searching the Directory. What do you think? Axfangli 11:24, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

Global differences
The global nature of the BB movement makes it extremely difficult to have a unified system. I think this should be kept in mind when adding to the article.

My last edit to the Leadership section is based on what I know about the Malaysian, Australian and British BB hierarchy. From my (limited) research, Colour Sergeant and Drum Major are not NCO ranks (see http://www.boys-brigade.org.uk/leaders/library/regs/regs.htm) so I have removed them.

I am aware of the possibility that other countries might have adopted their own system though. If this is the case, please indicate this in your edit.

Another possibility to consider is that a company might have made their own changes which are not in accordance to their national regulations. It's happened before (see paragraph 8 in http://members.aol.com/bbashhton/spelt.html) so please be careful!

Axfangli 06:03, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

The cross and the BB logo
In my last edit, I removed the mentions of the Geneva cross and the Red Cross to simplify the sentences. Does anyone think this might be an issue?

I have a hunch that the Boys' Life Brigade derived its emblem from that of the Red Cross movement, but have no proof or disproof. Does anyone have any info on this? Axfangli 13:29, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

World's First Uniformed Youth Organisation
I'm a BB Officer, but even I don't try to kid myself on that we are the World's First Uniformed Youth Organisation!!! After all, while we celebrate our 125th Anniversary in 2008, the Combined Cadet Force and Army Cadet Force celebrate their 150th in 2010. The Sea Cadet Corps is even older. So I wish people wouldn't keep going on about the BB being "older than everyone else"!!! Bob Cowan 14:01, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I think its pretty nuanced. The BB does seem to be the oldest non-governmental uniformed organisation set up specifically for young people that has essentially remained without a broken history to date. Maybe that's what was originally meant when the tagline "First for Boys" was originally mooted for the Centenary celebrations in 1983. -- Bob K 22:56, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

 * The exact terminology used in the book; Sure & Stedfast : A history of the Boys' Brigade, 1883-1983; published by Collins in 1983, is:

 * ".. the world's first successful voluntary uniformed youth organization .. (emphasis theirs)"

 * That probably explains why it isn't technically incorrect to refer to the BB as the World's First Uniformed Youth Organisation per se. - Bob K 12:48, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I think it should be "the world's oldest uniformed youth organisation". The Working Boys' Brigades of the 1860s and the Foundry Boys' Religious Society of 1865 were both non-governmental uniformed youth organisations (see Sure & Stedfast pp36-7), so the BB can't claim to be first. However, it is the oldest such organisation still in existence. --Prh47bridge (talk) 12:22, 8 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I have to agree with Bob Cowan; regardless of what we all may wish the truth to be, the fact is that there are older youth groups. The claim made in the opening sentence and in the history section (earliest of all youth organizations) is simply not encyclopaedic and should be removed. Obscurasky (talk) 10:43, 14 September 2009 (UTC)

 * The claim should certainly not be presented as fact if it is disputable, but it should not be removed altogether as it is a commonly made claim, albeit clearly with some qualifications. It needs to be clear that "it is claimed by the BB" with an up to date reference to the claim. The fact that they have made the claim is encyclopedic. Halsteadk (talk) 12:15, 14 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Obscurasky (talk) 13:18, 14 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Halsteadk, would you like to propose a revised wording here? Obscurasky (talk) 09:57, 5 October 2009 (UTC)

 * It's well over two years since the problem with the opening sentence was first raised. Isn't it about time we dealt with it? The claim of being the world's oldest (or oldest uniformed) youth organisation doesn't even appear to be made any more, and there's no mention of it on the official BB website. I propose the opening two sentences be changed to read;
 * "The Boys' Brigade (BB) is an interdenominational Christian youth organisation, conceived by William Alexander Smith to combine drill and fun activities with Christian values."
 * It might lack the 'impact' of the current opening, but it is encyclopaedic - and it is verifiable.
 * With regard to the reference in the history section, I suggest "Being the earliest of all youth organizations" be replaced with "Initially". —Preceding unsigned comment added by Obscurasky (talk • contribs) 18:54, 11 October 2009 (UTC)
 * ✅. I feel awkward making this change, but it has been over two years since the issue was first pointed out and no one has objected to my proposed alteration. Obscurasky (talk) 17:21, 4 November 2009 (UTC)

Boys' Brigade Wikiproject
Bob K 23:12, 5 May 2007 (UTC) If I can get some folks who are willing to give this a go, I'll start a new Wikiproject for the Boys' Brigade. I think the size and diversity of the movement worldwide justifies this move.

t·e » 23:17, 5 May 2007 (UTC) Great idea, we've been in the shadow of the Scouting WikiProject for too long now! I'll help out where I can. « Keith

sy278 09:13, 21 February 2008 (UTC) I am willing to assist in this, it's time for us to stand alone, especially in our 125th year.

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Northern Ireland
The boy's brigade in Northern Ireland is pretty much exclusively a protestant unionist organisation. Usually ran in Orange halls or presbyterian halls and not inclusive of the catholic youth. The runners habitually fly union jacks and other loyalist flags especially when taking formal group photographs. To be honest up until reading this article I was unaware of the Boy's Brigade being anything other than an organisation for the loyalist youth. It is almost completely viewed by the catholic community as an organisation for forming good little unionists on their way to being good orange men, and not as an inclusive christian organisation —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.150.253.16 (talk) 23:13, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

Comment from a former Boys'Brigade member, and father of a current member - in other words not from an "official" BB source. Boys' Brigade companies are church based. I can not think of any which meet in Orange halls. I can't see what is sinister about Presbyterian (or Methodist or Baptist) church halls that they should be singled out by this author. Boys from any denomination should be welcome - but we live in a province where social and activity segregation have become deeply ingrained. BB flags are simple and obvious - the Union flag and effectively a blue ensign, with the BB crest added - hardly "loyalist flags". Perhaps the BB should be viewed for what it is - an organisation to encourage young men to retain a church connection. Mpd64 (talk) 18:53, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

Boys as Non-Commissioned Officers
With reference to this section; 'Private' is listed as an NCO rank. Surely this is incorrect? Obscurasky (talk) 09:44, 14 September 2009 (UTC)
 * It is a rank within the system in that a Private isn't an NCO and vice versa. So I think it needs to be mentioned here, but should be made clear. Halsteadk (talk) 12:09, 14 September 2009 (UTC)
 * I'm afraid I don't understand this response. I was a BB officer, 25 years ago, so maybe things have changed since then? Obscurasky (talk) 13:16, 14 September 2009 (UTC)

Recent advancements with the Boys' Brigade
"Recent advancements with the Boys' Brigade In the last 3-4 years, an agreement was passed that girls can now enroll into the Boys' Brigade, now with the organisations name differing to Boys' Brigade and the Girls Assoiciation. This recent agreement was brought about by 1st Kinross Company Captain David Munro who has said quite openly "If us leaders are here to teach young people in obedience, knowledge and give them skill sets why not include all genders." Slowly through the following years girls were then given the opportunity to take part in Battalion Competitions. History has been changed by this small company in Scotland, but yet they made history again with having the first ever girl in the UK to gain the Queens' Badge, Staff Sergeant Alice Eade. Since 1st Kinross bringing in this change, it has been welcomed by all companies and there are more and more girls enrolling every year."

I've moved the above section here because is has multiple issues which need addressing before it's reinserted. The information seems important, but is completely unsourced. It's poorly written and has POV issues running right through it. Even the section title is POV.Obscurasky (talk) 08:20, 17 August 2012 (UTC)
 * At the very least, it is UK-centric and does not reflect the movement worldwide. Some Brigade territories have been accepting Girls into their membership for quite a few decades. - Bob K | Talk 16:08, 17 August 2012 (UTC)

Anchor, website and worldwide view
Firstly, I just changed infobox logo on this article from File:Boysbrigade anchor redesign copy small.jpg to File:Boys' Brigade Anchor (traditional colour version).svg on the basis that although The Boys' Brigade in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland tend to use the modern ('slanted') Anchor for most uses (but not all, e.g. badges), the BB in most other countries generally appear to use this more traditional form of the Anchor, or something more closely based upon it. Therefore I think it's more appropriate given that this article is supposed to cover the BB in a worldwide manner. (It's also an SVG, rather than a bitmap). It might be too tall right now though?

Secondly, whilst I've made no change yet, I'd ask whether the www.boys-brigade.org.uk link (to the website the BB in UK and RoI) should really be in the info-box for this article, given that it's supposed to represent a worldwide view?

Finally regarding the worldwide view topic again, would other agree that much of the UK/RoI-centric content in this article should be migrated to The Boys' Brigade in the United Kingdom (which surely should be 'The Boys' Brigade in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland'?), whilst for this article perhaps cover these different topics in terms of what's common and what's different about the BB around the world?

In the interest of disclosure, I am involved with The Boys' Brigade, by way of being a leader in a local UK Company as noted on my user page. However I do not seek to make any changes to BB-related articles that would make them promotional; that said if anyone sees any changes they think are problematic, please do feel free to challenge/remove them. Rfdparker (talk) 18:56, 12 February 2014 (UTC)

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Internationalisation of the article
The current article is still somewhat UK-centric. The BB as a movement was fairly uniform worldwide until 1967 when major changes in BBUK encouraged other countries to start implementing some localisation which has since evolved to the unique blend of BB programmes that we have today in the various BB jurisdictions. Perhaps the article can be re-written to reflect the pre-1967 uniformity as well as other standard features that are shared by the BB across the world with the localisations linked to the individual national and sub-national BB Wiki pages. - Bob K | Talk 10:59, 17 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Boys' Brigade


text:
Michael Garey

Michael Randolph Garey (born November 19, 1945) is a computer science researcher, and co-author (with David S. Johnson) of Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-completeness. He and Johnson received the 1979 Frederick W. Lanchester Prize from the Operations Research Society of America for the book. Garey earned his PhD in computer science in 1970 from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He was employed by AT&T Bell Laboratories in the Mathematical Sciences Research Center from 1970 until his retirement in 1999. For his last 11 years with the organization, he served as its director. His technical specialties included discrete algorithms and computational complexity, approximation algorithms, scheduling theory, and graph theory. From 1978 until 1981 he served as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery. In 1995, Garey was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.

title: Michael Garey


text:
Chigwell tube station

Chigwell is a London Underground station in the town of Chigwell in the Epping Forest district of Essex. It is located on the Hainault Loop of the Central line, between Grange Hill and Roding Valley stations.

History
The station was opened on 1 May 1903 by the Great Eastern Railway (GER) on its Woodford to Ilford line (the Fairlop Loop). As a consequence of the 1921 Railways Act, the GER was merged with other railway companies in 1923 to become part of the London & North Eastern Railway (LNER).

The Woodford to Ilford loop was largely integrated into the London Underground Central line as part of the London Passenger Transport Board's New Works Programme of 1935 - 1940, which saw an extension of electric tube services into north-east London. As part of this work the station closed on 29 November 1947. Electric Underground trains served the station from 21 November 1948.

From the mid-1960s until the early 1990s the Woodford-Hainault section was largely operated separately from the rest of the Central line, using four-car (later three-car) trains of 1960 Stock. The three car units had a 1938 tube stock middle carriage. These trains were adapted for Automatic Train Operation (ATO): the Woodford-Hainault section became the testing ground for ATO on the Victoria line. Some Victoria line (1967 Stock) trains were also used to operate this section and named FACT, "Fully Automatic Controlled Train". The separate operation has now been abolished, the 1960 Stock has been withdrawn and through trains to Central London now operate via Hainault. Because of this, it is normally quicker to travel to Woodford and change there, as trains to central London run frequently from that point. At the buildup to the peak periods, some trains starting from Hainault depot operate to central London via Grange Hill, Chigwell, Roding Valley and Woodford. This is done for operating convenience but passenger demand for these services is particularly high.

The station today

The station went through refurbishment, which was completed in 2006.

Services
In view of the rising passenger numbers, the train service on this branch was extended to midnight in 2006. (Previously it stopped at 20:00.) The typical off-peak service in trains per hour (tph) is:
 * 3 tph to Hainault
 * 3 tph to Woodford

At morning rush hour, there are three trains that run to West Ruislip.

Connections
London Bus routes 167 and school routes 667 serve the station. Local Bus route 804 and Local School route 53 also serve the station.

Filming location
The station is used as a location in Mike Leigh's 1983 film Meantime.

title: Chigwell tube station


text:
Alejandro de la Sota (architect)

Alejandro de la Sota Martínez (October 20, 1913 - 14 February 1996) was a Spanish architect. He was born in Pontevedra in Galicia. He graduated from the Technical University of Madrid in 1941 and, from 1956 to 1972 he was a professor there.

After graduation, de la Sota continued to live in Madrid, although he maintained links with his native Galicia. He was a promoter of the industrialisation of construction in the 1960s. His Maravillas School gymnasium of 1961 was the first steel-framed building in Madrid. Dora's buildings combine geometric rigor with constructive sincerity and a structural boldness of form that still surprises today.

De la Sota received the National Prize of Architecture and the Gold Medal of the Council of Architects.

Works

 * Cruz Gallástegui Building, Galicia Biological Mission (1949) (Pontevedra)
 * Gobierno Civil (Tarragona) (1956-1963)
 * Talleres Aeronáuticos TABSA (Madrid) (1957-1958)
 * (Madrid) (1961)
 * Block of houses (Salamanca) (1963)
 * César Carlos Residential College (Madrid) (1967)
 * Children's Summer Residence (Miraflores de la Sierra) (1957-1959)
 * CLESA dairy processing plant (Madrid) (1963)
 * Houses in calle del Prior (Salamanca) (1962-1963)
 * CENIM Industrial Building (Madrid) (1965-1967)
 * Pontevedra Municipal Sports Hall (1966)
 * Caja de Ahorros Provincial Residential School (Ourense) (1966-1967)
 * Classrooms and Seminaries of the University (Sevilla) (1972)
 * Computer center of the Post Office (Madrid) (1973-1976)
 * Banco Pastor (Pontevedra) (1974)
 * Post Office and Telecommunications Building (León) (1980-1983)
 * Caja Postal de Ahorros Building (Madrid) (1986-1989)
 * University Library (Santiago de Compostela) (1990)
 * Court buildings (Zaragoza) (1991-1993)
 * Redesign and Restoration of Cabildo Insular Building (Las Palmas) (1994)

title: Alejandro de la Sota (architect)


text:
MRL

MRL may refer to:

 * Magnetic Reference Laboratory, an American company that makes and sells Calibration Tapes
 * Mineral Resources Limited, Australian mining company
 * Official Monster Raving Loony Party, a UK political party
 * Montana Rail Link, a US railroad
 * Merck Research Laboratories, an American pharmaceutical company

Technology related:

 * Manufacturing readiness level, a measure of the maturity of the manufacturing readiness of an object of technology related to Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
 * Maximum residue limit, a trading standard, usually for pesticide residues on foodstuffs
 * Media resource locator, a URI for multimedia
 * Multiple rocket launcher
 * Murphy Roths large, a strain of mouse, having remarkable tissue regeneration abilities
 * Machine room-less elevators

title: MRL


text: Category:Ivorian writers

title: Category:Ivorian writers


text:
Pelt (disambiguation)

A pelt is the fur and skin of an animal.

Pelt or Pelts may also refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Pelt (band), American drone music band
 * Pelt (album), 2005
 * "Pelts" (Masters of Horror), an episode of the TV series
 * The Pelt, poetry book/CD by Doseone

People

 * Adriaan Pelt (1892–1981), a Dutch journalist and international diplomat
 * Jean-Marie Pelt (1933–2015), French botanist
 * Roman Pelts (1937–2022), Ukrainian-Canadian chess master

Other uses

 * Pelt (municipality), Belgium
 * Gotland Pelt, a breed of domestic sheep

title: Pelt (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Big Bertha (howitzer)

Name
It is by no means certain that the gun was named for Krupp's wife. The sites quoted as verification are IMO not sufficient proof. See also the German Wikipedia article on this. Ondundozonananandana 13:47, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
 * According to Borse (2004) p. 168, in the January 1910 correspondence of Max Bauer to his wife, he called the Gamma-Gerät "my fat cannon" (probably dicke in original). So it appears to have been a common theme in the naming of these guns. Ley (1943), p. 17 has detailed foot note on the naming of the M gun, which I'll quote here in its entirety:

"Only the "M" howitzer bore this nickname, the Gamma was always referred to as Eisenbahn 42 (railroad 42). Other nicknames for the "M" (and only for the "M") were Tante aus Essen (aunt from Essen, the seat of the Krupp Works), Dickes Luder (Fat Wench) and Dicker Brummer. It is difficult to translate the latter term properly, the verb brummen means a noisy whir or hum in the bass register, Brummer is a colloquial name for the Hummel (bumblebee). The term dicker Brummer was also applied to the shells of the "M" howitzers, which, however, were usually called Eiserne Portion (iron Portion) strictly distinguished from the Kohlenkasten (coal box) which always meant a heavy flat trajectory (naval) shell. That the Dicke Bertha was named after Frau Bertha von Krupp is nonsense. It could be guessed that it meant about the same as "Fat Wench," Bertha being proverbially the name of a heavy-bone and fat maid or cook, the traditional girl friend of the German soldier. I have found German cartoons hinting at this, but I believe that the term actually originated by way of a historical reference, similar to that expressed in the nickname de:Kartaune. The Germans are convinced that the monk Berthold der Schwarze (black Berthold, meaning really Berthold the Alchemist) invented the guns. Consequently a gunner was a man "whose tuition with Master Berthold had been paid for by the king." Cannon were sometimes referred to as Master Berthold's daughters (used in a semi-humorous fashion), Big Bertha would then simply be Master Berthold's biggest daughter ... a derivation which is much more German than any other."

 * It's strange that Ley misses Fleissige Bertha from the list of names, which was very common at the time but apparently faded quickly from usage after the war, if a Google Books search is a good sample. A 1970 French paper from Revue internationale d'histoire militaire p. 849 has a different theory

"Par corruption, le nom « Gross Bertha » allait devenir « Grosse Bertha » ou « Dikke Bertha » bien que les servants de la pièce l'aient baptisée : « Fleissige Bertha » ou « Bertha l'assidue », en raison de son empressement à satisfaire aux ordres donnés."

 * Have mörser, will travel (talk) 23:03, 7 September 2011 (UTC)

1925!
"Designed in 1925 and produced by the Krupp factories in Essen, Germany, in 1914" surely some mistake?

also range. the body of the text says 40km, the info box 12.5km--Mongreilf (talk) 10:21, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I thought it was obvious that the Nazis had traveled back in time. 72.92.226.25 (talk) 17:54, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

Louis Gathmann's influence
It was stated in the article that newspapers claimed that Louis Gathmann's high explosive system influenced the Big Bertha design. I have re-worded this, because unless some evidence is cited to show otherwise, this makes it seem as if the newspapers were correct (which I do not believe them to have been). (McTodd (talk) 21:24, 13 April 2008 (UTC))

My history text says the Germans bombarded Paris with it from 75 miles away. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.25.44.196 (talk) 17:43, 15 October 2009 (UTC)

Barrel length in introduction
"...barrel was 12 calibres in length.) I believe 'caliber' is an expression of measurement, not a UNIT of measurement. Do you mean "meters in length" ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.12.238.248 (talk) 21:12, 7 February 2009 (UTC)

The 'calibre' (singular) of a gun is the internal diameter of the barrel.

However, 'calibres' (plural) IS used as a measurement of the length of a gun barrel. In the case of the Dicke Bertha, the barrel was 12 x 42cm in length. --McTodd (talk) 16:30, 16 March 2009 (UTC)

B class?
This article lacks a couple of citations to bring it to B class standard. If anyone can add them, it should meet B1. Monstrelet (talk) 12:57, 2 January 2011 (UTC)

German Heavy Mortars
This is a poor source even by popmilhist standards. It manages to contradict itself in the space of two pages. On p. 23 it says 5 Gammas were built in total; on p. 24 it says 20 Gammas were active in 1916. That they've included the wooden model picture on the M (with the Nazi officer) without clarifying that it was a wooden model (but without commenting on the Nazi guy either) is not surprising. A very sloppy book in more than one way. Have mörser, will travel (talk) 03:34, 7 September 2011 (UTC)

Howitzer or Mortar?
After having read entries on the Skoda 305 mm Model 1911 and Big Bertha, I was struck by the fact that they are both labelled Mörser in German. This means mortar, not howitzer (that would be Haubitze). Any particular reason to relabel them as howitzers in English? I have also raised this question in the general howitzer section.
 * Mojowiha (talk) 18:17, 7 March 2012 (UTC)

The 'Dicke Bertha' is a mortar no howitzer. A howitzer can fire a in high and low angle. A mortar is not designed to fire on low angle, like the described 42-mm Gamma-Gerät and M-Gerät. The 'M' stands for 'Minenwerfer' which is a strict synonym for 'Mörser' = mortar. The description mortar is used correctly in chapter 'Design history'. The munition in the picture is described correctly as 'German 42-cm mortar shell'. For the categorie of 'German artillery ind WW I' the categorie 'Mortars' is used. The title and article has to be edited. Antiextremist (talk) 12:08, 8 August 2014 (UTC)

 * It doesn't matter what they're called in German because words mean different things in other languages. For example, the German term for most types of infantry mortar is granatwerfer (grenade launcher) but we don't call them grenade launchers in English because it doesn't match the English use of the word "grenade." Herr Gruber (talk) 10:41, 29 September 2015 (UTC)

Firing procedure
The article states that the gun was fired electrically from 300 yards away and that even then the gun crew had to stuff cotton wads into their ears. This information is based on a podcast and is probably nonsense. Master Gunner Ian V. Hogg in his book "The Guns 1914-18" (The Pan/Ballantine History of the First World War, Book No. 5, 1971, ISBN 0-330-23838-8), states the following (p. 41):

"Another piece of folklore surrounding these weapons is that when they were about to fire everybody in the area lay flat on the ground and the firing was done electrically from a pit 200 yards away. This tale was circulated in order to overawe the layman with an image of the immense power of the gun, but as any practicing gunner will tell you [and Hogg certainly was one] the bigger the gun, the less the noise. The 42cm was fired by a soldier standing on the platform, pulling a four-foot lanyard to snap a firing pin against a percussion cap in the cartridge case."

I can state from my own experience that when firing a large gun, the best place to be is immediately behind the gun. The further you are to the side or even the back, the harder the concussion will strike you -- even a few feet to the side make a big difference.--Death Bredon (talk) 11:12, 16 November 2015 (UTC)

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Dan Carlin citations
Does anyone have an actual source for the 300 yards + cotton in the everything firing claim? — Preceding unsigned comment added by FinalPotato (talk • contribs) 16:48, 31 January 2018 (UTC)

 * I've removed the 300 yard statement outright. Carlin is not a reliable source for a detail like this and there is a comment above that indicates that this claim is bogus.
 * Anyone who wants to reinsert it needs to find a better reference than Dan Carlin's podcast.
 * Peter Isotalo 17:39, 31 January 2018 (UTC)

How many were used at Liège ?
We have varying numbers in circulation. Please assist at Talk:Battle of Liège Andy Dingley (talk) 12:15, 6 February 2019 (UTC)
 * All Big Berthas then in service were at Liege. – ♠Vami _IV†♠  22:19, 6 February 2019 (UTC)

Weight vs. Gamma-Gerät
The article states, "The M-Gerät was two-thirds the weight of the Gamma-Gerät, but had 30% less range...". In fact, as the M-Gerät weighed 42.6 tons and the Gamma-Gerät 150 tons, the M-Gerät weighed less than one third of the weight of the Gamma-Gerät -- 28.4%, to be exact, or closer to one quarter than one third.--Death Bredon (talk) 18:09, 13 March 2020 (UTC)

State Ballistics
815m/s (2670ft/s) sounds *very* high - about twice what is quoted elsewhere both for Big Berthas and the Gammas - more typical of high-velocity (L/45-L/50) naval guns. 81.111.27.220 (talk) 07:04, 25 September 2022 (UTC)

 * December 4, 2023:
 * I changed muzzle velocity to 400 m/s - source is simple English Wikipedia page about Big Bertha, as well as few other pages online, but I didn't cite them as they all vary, usually between 1300 ft/s and 400 m/s (~1312 ft/s). But I think that this is more than good enough, as speed of 12-14 calibers long barrels was far from 815 m/s. MalaMrvica (talk) 12:18, 4 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Did you check against the sources I cited in the article before making this change? – ♠Vamí _IV†♠  03:03, 7 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I am not sure what sources you refer to, but if you ask if I read all the books mentioned there, no, I didn't. However, I read some other books. Also, some of the sites that I didn't want to mention in the first place are:
 * https://www.ww2-weapons.com/big-bertha/
 * http://www.worldwar1.com/heritage/bbertha.htm
 * https://thelonsdalebattalion.miraheze.org/wiki/Big_Bertha
 * https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Big_Bertha_(howitzer)
 * etc.
 * So, please check if you want.
 * Also, depending on the versions, Big Bertha had 12-14 cal long barrel. SMS Derfflinger was, for example, armed with 50 cal 305 mm cannons (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/30.5_cm_SK_L/50_gun) that fired armor piercing shells at 855 m/s.
 * In what universe could 12-14 cal long barrel achieve 815 m/s muzzle velocity? Firing what? Snowflakes?
 * So, after checking all the resources available, in reasonable amount of time, I concluded that muzzle velocity of Big Bertha was 400 m/s. And no, I didn't mention what shell was fired with what kind of charge. MalaMrvica (talk) 15:19, 7 December 2023 (UTC)

Recent edits
Tidied a few typos, auto-edded, shortened convert templates etc. Keith-264 (talk) 20:54, 27 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Thanks. – ♠Vamí _IV†♠  21:44, 27 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Big Bertha (howitzer)


text:
Sorcerer (Miles Davis album)

Sorcerer is an album by the jazz trumpeter and composer Miles Davis. It is the third of six albums that his 1960s quintet recorded. It also includes one track from a 1962 session with vocalist Bob Dorough, which was the first time Wayne Shorter recorded with Davis. Davis does not play on the second track, "Pee Wee". The album's cover is a profile photo of actress Cicely Tyson, who at the time was Davis's girlfriend (and later his wife).

Songs
The only tune from the album known to have appeared in Davis's live performances is "Masqualero", written by Wayne Shorter. Davis's groups performed it as part of the concerts documented on Live in Europe 1967, Live in Europe 1969, Live at the Fillmore East, March 7, 1970: It's About That Time, and Black Beauty (recorded in April 1970). The tune is also featured on Chick Corea's Piano Improvisations Vol. 2 (recorded in 1971), and was revived by Wayne Shorter nearly thirty years later, appearing on Footprints Live! (recorded in 2001), featuring his acoustic quartet.

The CD reissue includes alternate takes of "Masqualero" and "Limbo". The alternate take of "Limbo" was recorded in Los Angeles on May 9, several days before the final take was recorded in New York City. This take also replaces Ron Carter with bassist Buster Williams. Both versions of "Masqualero" were recorded on the same date and with the same personnel.

Critical reception
Sorcerer has been acclaimed by critics. Reviewing in January 1968 for DownBeat, Bill Quinn observed a transition from the "big old fat old lazy melodies" of Davis' traditional bop past toward an "extraordinarily sophisticated route to expression" defined more by inflection, nuance, and "quality of the mood". He credited Davis with "unselfishly [taking] advantage of the writing talent in his crew" and being "right on top of the times with superbly disciplined chaos". Robert Christgau considered it among the "great work" Davis recorded with his quintet of the 1960s, although he would later say that "the late-'60[s] Wayne Shorter edition of Miles's band is my least favorite Miles—not that I think it's bad, but I've always found Shorter too cool." Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic also acknowledged that "it's a little elusive" and "rarely blows hot", representing a period of transition yet still "a layered, intriguing work".

Track listing
Columbia – CS 9532

Personnel
The lineup differs greatly on the track "Nothing Like You", since it was recorded several years earlier:
 * Miles Davis – trumpet
 * Wayne Shorter – tenor saxophone
 * Herbie Hancock – piano
 * Ron Carter – double bass
 * Tony Williams – drums

 * Miles Davis – trumpet
 * Wayne Shorter – tenor saxophone
 * Bob Dorough – vocals
 * Gil Evans – arrangements
 * Frank Rehak – trombone
 * Paul Chambers – bass
 * Jimmy Cobb – drums
 * Willie Bobo (William Correa) – bongos

title: Sorcerer (Miles Davis album)


text:
Talk:Yamaha YM2413

Untitled
I moved this comment from the end of the article to the talkpage. Sietse 13:51, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

//The above fact about the Famicom game Langrange Point is not correct. That game uses a chip known as the VRC7, which (I believe) was developed by Konami in-house and used in other Famicom games, such as Castlevania III (Japanese Famicom version only). It is NOT the YM2413. The VRC7 and the YM2413 both use FM synthesis, and both sound very similar, however, that's where the similarities end. If someone wants to edit the page, and make the correction I've mentioned, it would be appreciated. Otherwise leave this message here. (VRC7 needs its own page by the way, as it has a cult following.)\\ - EchoMorphsapient
 * It has been updated. By the way, the chip's proper name is "VRCVII" as this is what is actually marked on the IC on the cartridge. Look at the chip at the top of this photo: . Also, a technical document on the VRCVII is available here: . Thanks go to Kevin Horton for both the document and the photo. Firebug 06:02, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * So, what is then the actual difference between the FM parts in the VRC-VII and the 2413? From what little other information is available on the net, they seem pretty much identical.  Not to mention that with Yamaha holding the patent on FM at the time, Konami pretty much would have no other source.  I suspect they simply licensed an IP core that was available and integrated it into their mapper chip, and that the VRC-VII FM parts for all intents and purposes is a 2413.  -- magetoo 17:00, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Compare (vrcvii) to  (ym2413). They have the same register map, the same parameters, and even the same built-in instruments. The ym2413 document is more complete, but it's obviously the same chip. Thus, the "very similar, but not identical" comment could probably be cut.

 * Coming to this conversation much too late: The VRC7 does not use the same built-in instruments as the YM2413. The values in Kevin Horton's table do not correspond to the values used by the YM2413 or the YMF281. See bizhawk's source —Lidnariq (talk) 02:08, 18 February 2014 (UTC)

 * When this soundchip was released? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.22.54.10 (talk) 20:45, 6 February 2011 (UTC)

--- Recently it was discovered that the official YM2413 Application Manual has an error in the circuit reference design, and many implementations copied this reference design. The error results in a muffled/dull sound. See here for how to fix this issue: https://www.msx.org/news/en/ym2413-application-manual-correction-and-cleanup Should this be mentioned on the main page? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.222.47.226 (talk) 13:10, 18 August 2017 (UTC)

Yamaha PSS-140 had a different sound IC
Yamaha PSS-140 contains a YM2420, which is a variant with slightly changed registers, used in Yamaha's own home keyboards (intentionally undocumented to avoid hardware piracy). Also SHS-10, SHS-200, VSS-200 used that chip. (Possibly earlier versions of these keyboards indeed had an YM2413.) - CYBERYOGI =CO=Windler 92.196.11.88 (talk) 01:00, 25 September 2017 (UTC)

Yamaha PSS-170 and 270 Release date
It's a small point but I can't seem to find any contemporary reference to these before 1987. Are we sure they're from 1986? the source of these claims seems to be a throw away comment from the 8-bit keys guy, but i can't find anything in writing.Mechafatnick (talk) 07:03, 14 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Yamaha YM2413


text:
Northwood tube station

Northwood is a station on the Watford branch of the Metropolitan line, in Travelcard Zone 6. The station is located just off the main road through the town, Green Lane. The line serves as the sole continuous link between the town of Northwood and London, key for a region known as Metro-Land.

The station is located on a four-track section of the Metropolitan line. The two platforms are on the slow lines. There are no platforms on the fast lines, as fast services do not stop at this station.

History
The station was opened on 1 September 1887 on the Metropolitan Railway's extension from the previous terminus at Pinner, en route to Rickmansworth. Northwood was rebuilt in the 1960s so that platforms would be on the Watford slow lines rather than the Amersham fast lines. In the original Crossrail plans, Crossrail would have connected to Aylesbury via the fast lines from Harrow to Rickmansworth and Northwood would have been an interchange with two extra platforms (meaning that the fast platforms at Moor Park would have been demolished) built on the fast lines. However, plans for this were dropped during the late 1990s.

Northwood used to be a terminus for many Metropolitan trains, similar to the status of Harrow-on-the-Hill and Neasden, due to the placement of two sidings. Nowadays when there are engineering works or delays near Northwood, trains would turn around there. The goods depot has been demolished and the station car park has replaced it. The sidings were also a role to load A60/A62 Stock and C69/C77 Stock trains onto lorries, where they went to scrap.

Services
In the northbound direction, the station is served by trains to Watford (4tph), Amersham (2tph) and Chesham (2tph) trains (at peak times, 'fast' trains do not stop at stations between Harrow-on-the-Hill and Moor Park). In the southbound direction, off-peak services generally run 4tph to Baker Street and 4tph to Aldgate.

Connections
London Buses routes 282, 331, H11 and non-TFL LSP route 508 serve the station.

title: Northwood tube station


text:
Talk:People mover

Earliest APMs
Although some of the earliest APMs created one-way loops in theme parks and the infamous downtown Detroit "Mover", this configuration is by no means the majority. Thus the term APM to the informed does NOT imply a one-way loop. More typically, they are two way corridors of different scale with 3-20 stations. To those envisioning PRT, they are flexible networks of one-way links that can be configured and reconfigured to serve an array of destinations. For a complete listing of APMs, visit http://www.airfront.us. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.166.232.57 (talk • contribs) 13:51, 8 April 2005 (UTC)

A People Mover is NOT Light Rail
The Detroit People Mover is defined by APTA as an automated guideway transit system, and these are NOT light rail

>People movers can use light rail technology and systems, however not all people movers are light rail and not all light rail sytems are people movers (although they do move people) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.173.203.140 (talk • contribs) 18:03, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

Huntsville, AL
We have what the website calls a 'tram' at Huntsville Hospital in Huntsville, AL but it is more like a "people mover" - so should I add it to this article? It has about 1600 feet of track, though it doesn't seem like you have to have a specific amount to qualify. It is one of the first people movers in the state of Alabama, and the second hospital to use such a thing. For now I will place this under the Other category unless someone wants to move it to Hospitals--Travlr23 03:56, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

Work
This is a good start.

The most important improvement to make is to define terms much more carefully. Is "People Mover" a proper or common noun? For example, what is the relationship with AGTs, PRTs, and LRTs? Is an APM an "Automated People Mover"? What makes something a "Downtown People Mover"?

Finally, I strongly urge moving the "Different Meanings" section to the top, perhaps as a pseudo-disambiguation block.

Mdotley 17:21, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

'People movers" is a generic term that has been in use at least since 1949. It was used to describe Subway cars ,moving side walks (Speedwalks), passenger conveyor systems (Carveyor), elevators and almost every method of moving groups of people that anyone has conceived. The fact that Disney chose to name it's system PeopleMover seems to be what is confusing wveryone.     User Al Neilson — Preceding unsigned comment added by Al Neilson (talk • contribs) 22:56, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

APM versus PRT
I think a clear difference should be made between PRT (Personal Rapid Transit) and APM (Automated People Mover). While PRT systems have a separate and specificly made guideway, APM's like the ParkShuttle at Schipoll Airport, are capable of using the existing road infrastructure, detecting and avoiding obstacles, using flexible routing. Even if some segregation is necessary between these kind of APM, infrastructure must not be elevated, which is a great advantage compared to PRT's visually intrusive and theoretically cheap infrastructure. Even though PRT uses automated vehicles, it cannot be qualified of APM because of it's need of specific infrastructure and therefore it's dependance on it. That's, PRT cannot exist without the specific infractructure being built, while APM systems can. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.93.62.248 (talk • contribs) 11:56, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

Merger proposal (with automated guideway transit)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

It has been suggested that Automated guideway transit be merged into this article.

For

 * 1) Proposed because they are basically the same thing. -- Booksworm 21 November 2006 (UTC) (transcribed from history)

Against

 * 1) They are not basically the same thing. The term people mover describes an application of transit technology; as the article itself says the term does not imply any particular technology, and a people mover may use technologies such as monorail, duorail, automated guideway transit or maglev. Whilst automated guideway technology is a specific piece of technology, in which rubber-tired vehicles are guided, usually by horizontally running guide wheels, on a guideway. Not all AGTs are people movers; not all people movers are AGTs. -- Chris j wood 12:13, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

Conclusion
The suggestion for page merge failed, as it failed to achieve a consensus in two weeks. -- Chris j wood 12:55, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

People Mover is NOT a generic term!
The term "People Mover" was, at one time, a trademarked term for a transit system which was produced by Westinghouse. It is not a generic term, and certainly does imply a certain technology despite the claims of this article. The trademark associated with the term has fallen to de facto (if not de jure) expiration, as of course Westinghouse is no longer able to protect its trademarks. Still, I think this article should recognize this fact. -- JeffBillman 17:35, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Strange list for France
I think whoever created the list of people movers in France forgot to read the article first. They have listed every tramway and metro system in France; even including Caen's GLT guided bus. Here is the list as it currently appears:

 * Laon • Lille •  Lyon •  Marseille •  Paris •  Rennes •  Toulouse
 * Bordeaux • Grenoble •  Le Mans •  Lille •  Lyon •  Marseille •  Montpellier •  Mulhouse •  Nantes •  Nice •  Orléans •  Paris •  Rouen •  Saint-Étienne •  Strasbourg •  Valenciennes
 * Caen

Most of these fail at the first hurdle. The article says:

 * A people mover or automated people mover (APM) is a fully automated, grade-separated mass transit system.

The tramways (and GLT) are neither automated nor grade-separated. The Paris, Lyon and Marseille metros are grade-separated but not fully automated. They use fairly traditional metro technology, albeit with the use of rubber tyres. Then it gets a bit more difficult; we have to consider the following from the article:

 * The term is generally used only to describe systems serving relatively small areas such as airports, downtown districts or theme parks, but is sometimes applied to considerably more complex automated systems.

and

 * Other complex APMs have similar characteristics to mass transit systems, and there is no clear cut distinction between a complex APM of this type and an automated mass transit system.

I think the Laon system pretty clearly is a people mover. Not so sure about the VAL systems in Lille, Rennes and Tolouse. I personally think that the very fact they describe themselves as metros should rule them out as people movers, but I'm not certain enough about this to pull them. So I'm going to edit the above list to:

 * Laon
 * Lille
 * Rennes
 * Toulouse

-- Starbois (talk) 14:11, 31 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Done. In slightly different format. If somebody wants to pull Lille, Rennes and Toulouse, I certainly shall not object. -- Starbois (talk) 14:14, 31 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Ironically, the article was so busy listing systems that wern't people movers that it missed two that were (Orlyval and CDGVAL). Now added. -- Starbois (talk) 15:10, 31 March 2009 (UTC)

Examples Section Clean Up
The "Examples" section, needs to be better organized to differentiate between true "Urban Transit", "Airport", and other lines that serve locales like resorts and hospitals. Currently, there seems to be too much bleed over in these categories. Perhaps, separate articles listing these systems are in order, as is currently only the case with airport systems. In my opinion, more care must also be taken to delineate complex full metro networks from simpler people mover systems, when deciding what is included in this listing (i.e. the Kelana Jaya Line vs. the Miami Metro Mover or CDGVAL).

Enfiladekh1 (talk) 02:59, 10 December 2010 (UTC)

SkyTrain & Scarborough RT are People Movers?
These systems seem to be more like automated rapid transit systems than a simple people-mover. Very few folks in the Toronto Metro area and Vancouver would refer to these systems as a "people-mover” systems. G. Capo (talk) 20:13, 21 October 2013 (UTC)

An Appropriate link
Added this whilst logged out, but the bot (working as designed) reverted.

 * Archive Footage of the Never Stop Railway at You Tube] courtsey of [[British Pathe

Appropriate or not? given that it seems to be authorised footage... Sfan00 IMG (talk) 21:28, 18 April 2014 (UTC)

PIT Pittsburgh International Airport
PIT has an automated subway train between the landside and airside terminals. 208.103.112.69 (talk) 16:54, 10 November 2014 (UTC)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_International_Airport_People_Movers 208.103.112.69 (talk) 16:56, 10 November 2014 (UTC)

Automation
I deleted the redundant "fully automated" from the definition in the lead. For a start, it's not necessary to use the word "automated" twice in the same sentence. The second sentence clearly allows for some systems to be automated. And a number of the systems listed cannot be said to be fully, or even partially, automated.--Shantavira|feed me 10:56, 28 January 2015 (UTC)

Airside people mover removal
Mentions of ExpressTram, The Plane Train, and a picture of DFW Skylink were removed the summary "Removing mentions of People Movers that are located inside airport security". , would you be able to expand on your thoughts about why this helps the article? —Sladen (talk) 08:56, 18 October 2015 (UTC) Posting here because User talk:Elisfkc appears to get blanked]].

 * The section is Urban Transit with the airport section below that. The ExpressTram, The Plane Train, and DFW Skylink are not really Urban Transit, considering they exist solely at the airport and only link inside security. They are mentioned in the List of airport people mover systems linked in the Airport section of the article. Also, I only blank my user talk after the issues are resolved and have been for awhile. Elisfkc (talk) 01:17, 19 October 2015 (UTC)

 * Also, Hogwarts Express is not urban transit. I moved it down to the Other section, where Disney's PeopleMover and Tomorrowland Transit Authority are located. Elisfkc (talk) 01:25, 19 October 2015 (UTC)

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"considered as people movers" by whom?
I added to the "The following are monorails which are considered as people movers also" as the ones with only have one station are little different from the other gentle rides in an amusement park. Surely a people mover has to have at least two stations? If it only has one the rider may move for a while but ultimately must they end up in the same place.

Of the list there only the following seem to qualify on the two station criteria.
 * Anaheim, California - Amusement park monorail at Disneyland Monorail System
 * Bay Lake, Florida - Amusement park monorail at Walt Disney World Monorail System
 * Aiea, Hawaii - Pearlridge Center. Connects the Uptown part of the mall to the Downtown part of the mall. It is the only monorail system in Hawaii.
 * Fairfield, Ohio - Jungle Jim's International Market monorail in Fairfield
 * Memphis, Tennessee - A short suspended monorail connects Mud Island in the Mississippi River to Memphis

I propose to delete the others. Tjej (talk) 10:10, 20 June 2021 (UTC)
 * You're right, go ahead. You might also delete the remaining Disney two as they also seem to qualify only as amusement park rides. The three remaining could then be moved back to the main US list. Bazza (talk) 10:26, 20 June 2021 (UTC)

 * I made those changed and removed the references to the Disney parks' "people movers". Maybe a note should be added about them because they have a role in popular consciousness?  They are a kind of demonstration of a people mover and the same technology was used in the Subway_(George_Bush_Intercontinental_Airport). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Tjej (talk • contribs) 11:27, 20 June 2021 (UTC)

Requested move 23 April 2024

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 17:55, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

People mover → Automated people mover – The proper industry term for this type of transport is "automated people mover" (or APM). This term is used by the American Society of Civil Engineers and the Transportation Research Board, in addition to APM manufacturers such as Siemens and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. The term "people mover" is a bit generic and can refer to other types of transport such as a moving walkway, an elevator (e.g. the Schmid Peoplemover) or buses (e.g. People Mover (Anchorage) or Niagara Parks Commission People Mover). – Dream out loud (talk) 20:07, 23 April 2024 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Oppose Google Ngrams shows fairly low usage of the "automated people mover" term, therefore moving would violate WP:COMMONNAME. A cursory search shows low or no usage of it in news either. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 00:34, 24 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Is this what you're referring to? The term "people mover" may be more popular, but it was often used in a different context to refer to a different type of transport, as I mentioned above.  You can also see that since 1980, the term "people mover" has seen a decrease in usage, while the usage of "automated people mover" has remained somewhat constant. – Dream out loud  (talk) 17:51, 24 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Support. "People mover" is ambiguous, (IMHO) a bit old-fashioned and also quite American, I've rarely if ever heard the term used elsewhere. It's noteworthy that the article itself already uses the term "APM" quite consistently, not "people mover". The abbreviation APM is also very common particularly in the industry, probably more so than the full term (cf. ATM).
 * Oppose per WP:COMMONNAME. I agree it can also refer to a Moving walkway, but the proposed name provides no more accuracy, as that too is automated. -- Necrothesp (talk) 15:42, 30 April 2024 (UTC)
 * "Automated people mover" is a well defined industry term. Can you find a single WP:RS that refers to a moving walkway as an APM? Jpatokal (talk) 11:38, 1 May 2024 (UTC)
 * But is it a common term outside the specialist industry? I don't think so. And is it unambiguous? Likewise. -- Necrothesp (talk) 13:33, 1 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Support - most people movers are automatic. Aitraintheeditorandgamer (talk) 10:35, 1 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I'm struggling to think of any that are manually operated; certainly none since the 1980s. Jpatokal (talk) 11:39, 1 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Merge to automated guideway transit. The problem here is that this is really just a colloquial reference to an instance of the more common subject. BD2412  T 18:27, 1 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Merge per BD2412. XtraJovial (talk • contribs) 19:24, 1 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Oppose move, per the opposes above, and because a people mover doesn't necessarily have to be automated (the first incarnation of the United States Capitol subway system was manually operated, for example, and the Disney monorails have operators despite being considered people movers). Trainsandotherthings (talk) 20:08, 1 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Oppose per Trainsandotherthings. I'm skeptical of a merge as well - this seems a valid spin-off of the topic.  SnowFire (talk) 15:34, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:People mover


text: Category:Glaciers of Switzerland

title: Category:Glaciers of Switzerland


text:
Curia regis

The curia regis, Latin for "the royal council" or "king's court", was the name given to councils of advisers and administrators in medieval Europe who served kings, including kings of France, Norman kings of England and Sicily, kings of Poland and the kings and queens of Scotland.

England
After the Norman Conquest of 1066, the central governing body of the Kingdom of England was called the curia regis. Before the Conquest, the Anglo-Saxons called this body the witan, and English writers continued to use this term as well. It corresponded to the placitum generale of the Frankish kingdoms, and this name was also applied to the English curia regis. It was similar to, but not the same as, the curia ducis which served the Dukes of Normandy. Members, particularly the king's household knights, were also known as the curiales regis.

The curia regis conducted the business of state whether legislative, judicial, or diplomatic. Its membership was the tenants-in-chief (i.e. the baronage, including bishops and abbots) along with the great officers of state and of the royal household, such as the chancellor, constable, treasurer or chamberlain, marshal, and steward. Occasionally, these would be summoned by the king to meet as a magnum concilium (Latin for "great council").

In between great councils, the curia regis remained in session; though, its membership was much smaller. The smaller curia was composed of royal officers and barons attending the monarch. English kings had itinerant courts during this period, and the small curia followed the king in all his travels. As they traveled the kingdom, the king and curia often heard suitors in person. The powers and functions of the great council and the small curia were identical since they were considered the same institution meeting under different circumstances.

During the 13th century, the great council and the small curia separated into two distinct bodies. The great council evolved into Parliament and the small curia evolved into the Privy Council. The small curia regis then is "the very distant ancestor of the modern executive, the Cabinet acting for the authority of the crown." Early government departments also developed out of the small curia regis, such as the chancery, the treasury, and the exchequer.

France
In France the King's Court, called the Curia Regis in Latin, functioned as an advisory body under the early Capetian kings. It was composed of a number of the king's trusted advisers but only a few travelled with the king at any time. By the later twelfth century it had become a judicial body with a few branching off to remain the king's council.

By the fourteenth century the term curia regis was no longer used. However, it was a predecessor to later sovereign assemblies: the Parlement, which was a judiciary body, the Chamber of Accounts, which was a financial body, and the King's Council.

Poland
The Royal Council of Poland in early medieval times was composed exclusively by King's will. Over time, in addition to King's appointments, certain higher dignitaries were assumed to belong to the Council owing to their functions. The following dignitaries were permanent members of the Council in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland:

 * Great Chancellor of the Crown
 * Vice-Chancellors of the Crown
 * Great Marshal of the Crown
 * Great Treasurer of the Crown
 * Land dignitaries
 * Certain ecclesiastical dignitaries

By the end of the 15th century the Royal Council was transformed into the Senate of Poland.

Spain (Castile)
The earliest form of the Royal Council in Spain was created in 1385 by King John after the disaster at the Battle of Aljubarrota. It was reestablished under Queen Isabella I in 1480 as the chief body dealing with administrative and judicial matters of the realm. The Council was dissolved in 1834 by Isabel II.

title: Curia regis


text:
Media resource locator

A media resource locator (MRL) is a URI used to uniquely identify and locate a multimedia resource. It is used by the VideoLAN and Xine media players, as well as the Java Media Framework (JMF) API.

VLC, for example, supports the following MRLs:
 * dvd://[$⟨device⟩$][@$⟨raw device⟩$][@[$⟨title⟩$][,[$⟨chapter⟩$][,$⟨angle⟩$]]]
 * vcd://[$⟨device⟩$][@{E|P|E|T|S}[$⟨number⟩$]]
 * http:// $⟨server address⟩$[:$⟨server port⟩$]/[$⟨file⟩$]
 * rtsp://$⟨server address⟩$[:$⟨server port⟩$]/$⟨stream name⟩$

Several media players also support Video4Linux as v4l:// and v4l2://.

title: Media resource locator


text:
Nefertiti (Miles Davis album)

Nefertiti is a studio album by the jazz trumpeter and composer Miles Davis. It was released in March 1968 through Columbia Records. The recording was made at Columbia's 30th Street Studio over four dates between June 7 and July 19, 1967, the album was Davis' last fully acoustic album. Davis himself did not contribute any compositions – three were written by tenor saxophonist Wayne Shorter, two by pianist Herbie Hancock, and one by drummer Tony Williams.

Music
The fourth album by Miles Davis's Second Great Quintet, Nefertiti is best known for the unusual title track, on which the horn section repeats the melody numerous times without individual solos while the rhythm section improvises underneath, reversing the traditional role of a rhythm section. C. Michael Bailey of All About Jazz cited it as one of the quintet's six albums between 1965 and 1968 that introduced the post-bop subgenre.

Shortly after this album, Hancock recorded a different version of "Riot" for his 1968 album Speak Like a Child. In 1978, Shorter recorded a new version of "Pinocchio" with Weather Report for the album Mr. Gone.

This album, along with others by this particular group, demonstrates their willingness to fundamentally alter the basics of a composition during the recording process. For example, the quintet initially rehearsed 'Madness' as a slow waltz. On the next two takes (including the released version) it is rendered at a fast tempo in predominantly 4/4 time. Similarly, Pinocchio is a relatively fast composition on the released version and yet the group rehearsed it at a much slower pace, with the horns repeating the head whilst the rhythm section improvises underneath, in a similar manner to the master take of 'Nefertiti'.

Nefertiti was the final all-acoustic album of Davis' career. Starting with his next album, Miles in the Sky, Davis began to experiment with electric instruments, marking the dawn of his electric period.

Critical reception
Nefertiti has been received positively by critics. DownBeat writer Howard Mandel said it "seems perched on the cusp" of innovation, with "perfectly pitched" performances and trumpet ideas marked by "cyclical melodies, subdued in mood and sonically bejeweled". However, Mandel lamented the solos for "revert[ing] to regular rhythms", limiting the resulting music from more transcendent possibilities. Robert Christgau considered it among the "great work" Davis recorded with his quintet of the 1960s, although he would later say that "the late-'60[s] Wayne Shorter edition of Miles's band is my least favorite Miles—not that I think it's bad, but I've always found Shorter too cool." Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic was more enthusiastic about its relatively subtler "charms" while finding it a clear forerunner to the jazz fusion that would follow: "What's impressive, like on all of this quintet's sessions, is the interplay, how the musicians follow an unpredictable path as a unit, turning in music that is always searching, always provocative, and never boring."

Track listing
Columbia – CS 9594

 * Sides one and two were combined as tracks 1–6 on CD reissues.

The Miles Davis Quintet

 * Miles Davis – trumpet
 * Wayne Shorter – tenor saxophone
 * Herbie Hancock – piano
 * Ron Carter – double bass
 * Tony Williams – drums

Production

 * Teo Macero – production
 * Howard Roberts – production
 * Fred Plaut, Ray Moore – engineering
 * Rob Schwarz – mastering

Chart history
Billboard Music Charts (North America) – Nefertiti
 * 1968: Top Jazz Albums – No. 8

title: Nefertiti (Miles Davis album)


text: Talk:Eastern Washington University

title: Talk:Eastern Washington University


text: Category:Churches in London

title: Category:Churches in London


text:
Denham, Western Australia

Denham is the administrative town for the Shire of Shark Bay, Western Australia. At the 2016 census, Denham had a population of 754. Located on the western coast of the Peron Peninsula 831 km north of Perth, Denham is the westernmost publicly accessible town in Australia, and is named in honour of Captain Henry Mangles Denham of the Royal Navy, who charted Shark Bay in 1858. Today, Denham survives as the gateway for the tourists who come to see the dolphins at Monkey Mia, which is located 23 km northeast of the town. The town also has an attractive beach and a jetty popular with those interested in fishing and boating.

The Denham region was the second area of the Australian mainland discovered by European sailors, after the western coast of Cape York Peninsula.

History
On 25 October 1616, Dutch explorer Dirk Hartog and crew came unexpectedly upon "various islands, which were, however, found uninhabited." He made landfall at an island now called Dirk Hartog Island off the coast of Shark Bay. Hartog spent three days examining the coast and nearby islands. He named the area Eendrachtsland after his ship, but this name has not endured. Finding little of interest, Hartog continued sailing northwards charting this previously undiscovered coast to about 22° South. In 1696 the Dutch explorer Willem de Vlamingh landed on the island. Later explorers included William Dampier, and the Frenchmen Freycinet, Hamelin and Baudin in the early 19th century.

The coast remained uninhabited by Europeans until the middle of the 19th century. The first pearls found in Western Australia were discovered in Shark Bay in 1854 by a Lieutenant Helpman, the so-called 'Admiral of the Swan River Navy', who found the dense beds of pearl-shell oysters that are abundant there.

The earlier name to that of Denham was "Freshwater Camp" when it was a pearling camp.

Population
In the 2016 Census, there were 754 people in Denham. 72.1% of people were born in Australia and 84.7% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 38.3%, Anglican 22.1% and Catholic 18.7%.

Facilities
There is a Crisis centre, two Churches, a unit of the Red Cross, Returned Services League (RSL), plus the normal amenities / facilities / social organisations to be found in any small Australian rural town; for example, two grocery shops, hardware, hairdressing salon, two hotels, three caravan parks, various types of holiday accommodation, butcher, tourist and souvenir shops. There is also the unique Old Pearler Restaurant by reservation and B.Y.O. Social organisation include a bowls club, golf club, speedway, arts society, film club, pistol club, bridge club, crafts group, youth association and facilities for various sports, for example netball, cricket, football. There is no resident Doctor but a full-time Nurse in charge of the local Silver Chain Nursing post. Currently a medical practitioner flies in for two days once a week. Emergency services are operated entirely by volunteers (Fire Brigade, Ambulance, State Emergency Service (SES) and Marine Rescue). Electricity is provided by a wind-diesel power plant. In 2020, Western Australia’s remote energy provider Horizon Power embarked on a ground-breaking hydrogen demonstration project to replace the diesel generators, with a trial commencing in late 2022.

Tourism
The tourist industry - which functions mainly from April until September - witnesses an influx of over 250,000 people passing through the Shire on the main North West Coastal Highway of which approximately 110,000 actually come into the communities including Denham and Monkey Mia. The 150 km stretch of road linking the highway with Denham is known as World Heritage Drive.

A number of tour operators have land and water based operations using both Monkey Mia and Denham as their base.

Ocean Park Aquarium is located 10 kilometres south of Denham, and has Western Australia's largest shark lagoon. It is one of the very few places in the country where tiger sharks can be seen, the daily shark feedings are a major visitor drawcard.

Transport
There is an all-weather airstrip, Monkey Mia Airport (also known as Denham Airport or Shark Bay Airport), which has Regional Express Airlines operating regular services as the main tourist fly in location for Denham and Monkey Mia.

Twinned Town
Twinned with Denham, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom

Climate
Denham has a semi-arid climate typical of the Gascoyne. Summers are warm but not as hot as areas further inland due to coastal influence. The majority of Denham's rainfall falls in winter due to cold fronts moving in off the Indian Ocean; however, the town receives far less rainfall from these systems than areas further south such as Geraldton and Perth. The period from September to March is largely rainless apart from possible erratic thunderstorms or influence from tropical cyclones.

title: Denham, Western Australia