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Dan Fortmann

Daniel John Fortmann (April 11, 1916 – May 23, 1995) was an American football guard and linebacker who played for the Chicago Bears in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Colgate Red Raiders. Playing for Chicago from 1936 to 1943, he was selected as an All-Pro for seven consecutive years from 1937 to 1943. He was the Bears' team captain starting in 1940 and led the team to NFL championships in 1940, 1941, and 1943.

Fortmann was the line coach for the Pittsburgh Panthers football team in 1944 and in 1945 served in the United States Navy in the Pacific Ocean theater of World War II. He engaged in a medical practice in Southern California from 1946 to 1984 and was the team physician for the Los Angeles Rams from 1947 to 1963. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1965. He was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 1983.

Early years
Fortmann was born in 1916 in Pearl River, New York. His father, Bernhard Gerhart Fortmann, was a New York native and salesman of butter and eggs. His mother, Emma Margaret Doscher, was also a New York native.

Fortmann attended Pearl River High School, where he earned 12 varsity letters in sports and was the valedictorian of his class.

Colgate
At age 16, Fortmann enrolled at Colgate University, where he played football, playing as a halfback as a freshman before moving to guard and becoming a starter in 1934 and 1935. Colgate football coach Andrew Kerr called Fortmann "the best player I ever handled." After the 1935 season, he was selected to play in multiple all-star games, including the East–West Shrine Game (January 1, 1937) and the Chicago College All-Star Game (September 1, 1937). Dick Hanley, who coached Fortmann in the Shrine Game, praised Fortmann as a great blocker and urged Chicago Bears owner George Halas to sign Fortmann.

In addition to playing football, Fortmann was also an outstanding student at Colgate. He received straight A's as a pre-med student and graduated with Phi Beta Kappa honors at age 19. He was also president of his senior class and a member of the Delta Upsilon (DU) fraternity.

Professional football
At age 19, Fortmann was selected by the Chicago Bears in the ninth and final round (78th overall pick) of the 1936 NFL draft. After being drafted by the Bears, Fortmann was unsure whether he should attend medical school or play professional football. Bears owner George Halas persuaded Fortmann that he could do both and advanced funds to Fortmann for medical school. After speaking with Halas, Fortmann signed with the Bears in May 1936. At the time, he was the youngest person ever signed by an NFL team.

Due to his medical school obligations, Fortmann missed most of the Bears' sessions in his first four years with the team. In 1941, during his medical internship, he described pro football as "just the means to an end", the end being practicing medicine as a surgeon. Yet, Fortmann became fiercely loyal to Halas, saying: "Halas is the salt of the earth. There is nobody I admire and respect more than him."

Fortmann remained with the Bears for his entire professional football career, lasting for eight years from 1936 to 1943. He appeared in 86 games for the Bears. By 1939, Fortmann had established himself as one of the best most valuable players in the NFL. In voting by NFL coaches for the 1939 All-Pro Team, Fortmann received 37 points, the second-highest individual vote of any player.

Fortmann was team captain of the Bears starting in 1940. As team captain, he led the Bears to back-to-back NFL championships in 1940 and 1941 with records of 8–3 and 10–1. After the 1940 season, Fortmann was rated as the best lineman in the NFL. The United Press called him "the heart and soul" of the Bears' ground attack that "rolled up a vast amount of yardage overland."

In the 1940 NFL Championship Game, the Bears defeated the Washington Redskins by a 73–0 score. Fortman later cited the 1940 championship game as proof of Halas' skill as a "master of psychology." The Bears had lost to the Redskins three weeks earlier, and Fortmann recalled that Halas kept reminding the Bears of that defeat every day, and when the team took the field for the championship game, "they were keyed the highest emotionally I ever saw them."

In August 1942, quarterback Bob Snyder called Fortmann "a perfect football player" and "the most important man on the Bear squad." The 1942 Bears compiled a perfect 11–0 record in the regular season and won the Western Division championship, but lost to the Washington Redskins in the 1942 NFL Championship Game.

Fortmann announced his retirement from the NFL in January 1943, but was persuaded to return for the 1943 season. He continued to practice medicine at Pittsburgh's Presbyterian Hospital during the 1943 season, flying in on Saturdays to play with the Bears on Sundays. The 1943 Bears compiled an 8–1–1 record and defeated the Washington Redskins in the 1943 NFL Championship Game, which proved to be Fortmann's last game as an NFL player. He announced his retirement five days after the championship game.

Honors and awards
Fortmann received numerous honors and awards during and after his football career, including the following:

 * Fortmann received All-Pro honors during each of his eight years in the NFL. He received second-team honors as a rookie in 1936 and first-team honors in 1937 (New York Daily News), 1938 (NFL, UP, Collyer's Eye, Pro Football Writers, INS), 1939 (NFL, UP, Collyer's Eye, Pro Football Writers, INS, New York Daily News), 1940 (AP, UP, NFL, Collyer's Eye, INS, New York Daily News), 1941 (AP, UP, NFL, Collyer's Eye, New York Daily News), 1942 (AP, NFL, INS, New York Daily News), and 1943 (AP, UP, Pro Football Illustrated, New York Daily News).
 * In 1965, Fortmann was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame as part of the Hall's third class of inductees. His Hall of Fame biography states: "On offense, he called signals for the linemen and was a battering-ram blocker. On defense, he was a genius at diagnosing enemy plays and a deadly tackler."
 * In 1969, Fortmann was named to the NFL 1930s All-Decade Team.
 * In 1978, he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.
 * In 1986, he received the NFL Alumni Career Achievement Award.
 * In 2019, Fortmann was named to the NFL 100th Anniversary All-Time Team

Later years and family
Fortmann was married to Mary Van Halteren in a ceremony at East Lansing, Michigan, on March 19, 1938. They had two sons, Thomas and Stephen.

Fortmann enrolled at Rush Medical School at the University of Chicago, where he studied medicine while playing for the Bears. He obtained his medical degree in 1940. He interned at Harper Hospital in Detroit and completed his surgical training at the University of Pittsburgh.

In the fall of 1944, he served as the line coach for the University of Pittsburgh Panthers football team.

In February 1945, Fortmann was commissioned as a lieutenant in the United States Navy. In April 1945, he was assigned to an attack transport ship in the South Pacific. He served in the Navy Medical Corps on a hospital ship in the Pacific theater.

In 1946, Fortmann was licensed to practice medicine in California and began practicing on Hollywood Boulevard in Los Angeles. He worked as a surgeon at St. Joseph Hospital in Burbank, California, from 1948 until 1984. He became the hospital's chief of staff in 1965. He also served as the team physician for the Los Angeles Rams from 1947 to 1963. Fortmann and his family in Toluca Lake and/or Burbank until 1974 when they moved to Pasadena.

Fortmann was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 1983 and, in 1988, began living at the John Douglas French Center, a facility in Los Alamitos, California, specializing in the care of Alzheimer's patients. He died at French Center in May 1995 at age 79.

title: Dan Fortmann


text:
Colonel Light Gardens, South Australia

Colonel Light Gardens is a suburb located within the Australian City of Mitcham in the greater Adelaide region, approximately 7 km south of the Adelaide city centre. The area is 1.58 km2. Planned as a garden suburb, it is known for wide, tree-lined streets, presentable postwar bungalow homes, rounded street corners, and much manicured, well maintained open space.

It contains Colonel Light Gardens Primary School, the Colonel Light Gardens RSL Sub-Branch, a number of sporting clubs using the name Reade Park, and a multitude of historical parks and gardens. It also contains many paved and unpaved laneways, alleyways and bike tracks.

The suburb is of irregular shape and follows Goodwood Road. The major part of the suburb is east of Goodwood Road and is bounded by Grange Road (north), Goodwood Road (west), and Springbank Road (south), and the suburbs of Westbourne Park, Lower Mitcham, Clapham and Panorama. A smaller part of the suburb is west of Goodwood Road and divides the neighbouring Daw Park into two unjoined parts which are the northern and southern boundaries of this smaller part.

Naming
The land east of Goodwood Road was purchased from the "Grange Farm" portion of the estate of William Ranson Mortlock in June 1915, and was initially referred to as Mortlock Park. For the next six years there was much debate and many proposals for the name of the suburb, including "Mitcham Garden Suburb", "Garden Suburb, Adelaide", "Light Garden Suburb", "William Light Garden Suburb", "Light Gardens" and at least half-a-dozen other names.

In April 1921, the Attorney-General (Henry Barwell) noted that "Colonel Light Gardens to be the name of the Garden Suburb". The suburb is named after the first Surveyor-General of Adelaide, Colonel William Light.

The land west of Goodwood Road was purchased from the Estate of Shobbrooks, and a smaller block was purchased from A. Hann. This became part of Colonel Light Gardens in 1924. There have been a number of attempts to rename this area to Daw Park.

For many years residents in the northern section of the suburb adopted Reade Park as their address to distinguish themselves from the Thousand Homes Scheme area. This use was never officially recognised, and over the years has steadily declined. Nevertheless, the Reade Park Bowling Club, the Reade Park Tennis Club and the Reade Park Croquet Club are all located in the northern part of Colonel Light Gardens.

History
The part of the suburb east of Goodwood Road was used as an army training camp during World War I, and prior to this the area was known as Grange Farm.

An area of 1.2 km2 was purchased in June 1915 by the Vaughan Labor government from the estate of William Tennant Mortlock. The Government decided to establish it as a 'model garden suburb' following New Zealand town planner Charles Reade's 1914 Australian Town Planning Tour. (South Australia appointed Reade as a town planning adviser in 1916. He became SA's first official Town Planner in 1918, retaining the position until 1920.)

The Post Office on Goodwood Road originally opened as Light's Gardens, was renamed Colonel Light Gardens on 1 January 1929 and Daw Park in 1967.

Until the 1970s the suburb was administered under the Garden Suburb Act and controlled by a South Australian government appointed Garden Suburb Commissioner, who carried out the functions of local government until it was eventually absorbed by the Mitcham Council. The suburb contains many well preserved bungalow homes, and in October 1999 was placed on the Register of The National Estate. In 2000 the suburb was declared a State Heritage Area; for the heritage significance of Colonel Light Gardens, see the State Heritage Branch web page on Colonel Light Gardens.

The suburb has an unusual layout – when viewed from the air, part of the suburb is said by some to resemble the rising sun symbol of the Australian military, and by others to resemble a Union Flag. However, it was not designed this way. The Colonel Light Gardens Historical Society webpage "Urban Myth" discusses these.

Schools
The primary school main building is heritage listed, and each building is named after a historic South Australian figure: Isabell Doolette, William Ranson Mortlock, Charles Reade, Gil Langley and the Grange Farm. The school was established in 1926 and has about 630 students from Reception to Year 7.

Transport
The suburb is served by Adelaide Metro buses along Goodwood Road, East Parkway, Grange Road and Springbank Road.

The closest railway stations, Mitcham and Torrens Park on the Belair railway line, are situated some distance to the east on Belair Road. (Clapham station was closed in 1995.)

Politics
Local government: City of Mitcham, Gault Ward

State government: Electoral district of Elder in the South Australian House of Assembly

Federal government: Seat of Boothby in the Australian House of Representatives

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Colonel Light Gardens, South Australia


text:
California State Route 107

State Route 107 (SR 107) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that forms part of Hawthorne Boulevard in the Los Angeles Area from State Route 1 (Pacific Coast Highway) in Torrance north to Redondo Beach Boulevard at the Redondo Beach–Lawndale border.

Route description
Route 107 begins at State Route 1 in south Torrance and runs north along Hawthorne Boulevard in its entirety. (Hawthorne Boulevard continues south of Route 1 as Los Angeles County Route N-7.) The route is a principal arterial surface road in its entirety with grade crossings and maintains a wide right-of-way, often having as many as eight lanes and maintaining a 40 mph (60 km/h) speed limit. Route 107 goes through light and medium industrial areas and office towers. It also comes in contact with two malls: The South Bay Galleria and the Del Amo Fashion Center. It only met one other route along the way: State Route 91 at Artesia Boulevard, which has since been deleted.

SR 107 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System, and is part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration.

History
In 1964, Route 107 was defined to run past Interstate 405 along Hawthorne Boulevard, which renamed itself La Brea Avenue upon entering Inglewood at Century Boulevard, then turned west on Centinela Avenue to meet Interstate 405 again in Culver City. In 1965, the portion from Route 405 in Lawndale to Route 405 in Culver City was deleted. It was to have been upgraded to a freeway and was tentatively named the "Torrance Freeway."

Until 1998, Route 107 continued further north to Interstate 405. In 1998, state law was changed to allow the relinquishment of Route 107 to the City of Lawndale. In 2003, the legislative definition was updated to eliminate the portion in Lawndale. The route currently ends at Redondo Beach Boulevard at the city limits of Lawndale.

title: California State Route 107


text:
François-Xavier Garneau

François-Xavier Garneau (June 15, 1809 – February 2 or February 3, 1866) was a nineteenth-century French Canadian notary, poet, civil servant and liberal who wrote a three-volume history of the French Canadian nation entitled Histoire du Canada between 1845 and 1848.

Biography
Garneau was born in Quebec City and in 1821 he entered a school which had been opened in the basement of the chapel of the Congrégation des Hommes de la Haute Ville. Then Garneau educated at Quebec seminary, studied law, and was admitted as a notary in 1830. Subsequently, he became clerk of the legislative assembly, member of the council of public instruction, and city clerk of Quebec, which office he held from 1845 until his death on February 2 or February 3, 1866. Garneau was an honorary member of literary and historical societies in the United States and Canada, and for several years president of the Institut Canadien of Quebec.

Histoire du Canada
Garneau argued that the Conquest was a tragedy, the consequence of which was a perpetual struggle against the forces of English Canada for the French Canadian nation; this struggle would continue into the future as long as French Canadians were under the oppressive reign of the British. The book was originally written as a response to the Durham report, which claimed that French Canadian culture was stagnant and that it would be best served through Anglophone assimilation. It was first translated in 1866 and by then "the accepted national history" of French Canadians.

François-Xavier Garneau Medal
The François-Xavier Garneau Medal is the highest award given by the Canadian Historical Association and is given once every five years for an outstanding Canadian contribution to historical research. Recipients were: Louise Dechêne (1980), Michael Bliss (1985), John M. Beattie (1990), Joy Parr (1995), Gérard Bouchard (2000), Timothy Brook (2005), John C. Weaver (2010) and Bettina Bradbury (2015).

2010 Winter Olympics
Canadian actor Donald Sutherland narrated the following quote from one of his poems at the opening ceremonies of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.

 * In what other climate does the Queen of Silence
 * Show us more splendour?
 * I love, Oh Canada, night, the vast plain
 * Shining with whiteness!

Works

 * Histoire du Canada depuis sa découverte jusqu'à nos jours, 1845–52, 1st ed. (BAnQ: vol. 1. 2, 3, 4), 1852, 2d ed., 1859, 3rd ed., 1882, 4th ed.(IA: vol. 1, 2, 3, 4)
 * Voyage en Angleterre et en France, dans les années 1831, 1832 et 1833, 1855. (BAnQ: online)
 * Abrégé de l'histoire du Canada, depuis sa découverte jusqu'à 1840 : à l'usage des maisons d'éducation, 1858 (IA: online)
 * History of Canada: From the Time of its Discovery Till the Union Year, 1860 (IA: vol. 1, 2, 3)
 * Additions à l'histoire du Canada, 1864 (BAnQ: online)

English

 * Savard, Pierre. "Garneau, François-Xavier", in The Canadian Encyclopedia, Historica Fondation. 2008
 * Savard, Pierre and Paul Wyczienski. "Garneau, François-Xavier", in Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, University of Toronto and Université Laval, 2000

French

 * Brunet, Berthelot. "Dossier François-Xavier Garneau", in L'Encyclopédie de l'Agora, updated May 25, 2006
 * Gallichan, Gilles, Kenneth Landry and Denis Saint-Jacques (1998). François-Xavier Garneau, une figure nationale, Québec: Éditions Nota bene, 39 p. (ISBN 2-921053-96-9)
 * Bergeron, Gérard (1994). Lire François-Xavier Garneau, 1809-1866 : historien national, Québec: Institut québécois de recherche sur la culture, 244 p.
 * Garneau, François-Xavier (1968). Voyage en Angleterre et en France dans les années 1831, 1832 et 1833, Ottawa, Éditions de l'Université d'Ottawa, 379 p. Collection «Présence». (critical edition Paul Wyczynski)
 * Wyczynski, Paul (1966). François-Xavier Garneau : aspects littéraires de son oeuvre, Ottawa : Éditions de l'Université d'Ottawa, 207 p.
 * Lanctot, Gustave (1946). Garneau, historien national, Montréal: Fides, 1946, 205 p.
 * Robitaille, Georges (1966). Études sur Garneau : critique historique, Montréal: Librairie d'Action canadienne-française ltée, 1929, 253 p.
 * Casgrain, Henri-Raymond (1926). F.-X. Garneau et Francis Parkman, Montréal: Librairie Beauchemin, limitée, 123 p.
 * Casgrain, Henri-Raymond (1924). De Gaspé et Garneau, Montréal: Librairie Beauchemin, limitée, 123 p.
 * Lanctot, Gustave (1923). François Xavier Garneau, Toronto: Ryerson, 1923, 197 p.
 * Casgrain, Henri-Raymond (1912). F.X. Garneau et Francis Parkman, Montréal: Librairie Beauchemin, limitée, 139 p.
 * Casgrain, Henri-Raymond (1866). Biographie de F.X. Garneau, Montréal: Beauchemin & Valois, libraires-imprimeurs, 115 p.
 * Chauveau, Pierre-Joseph-Olivier (1883). François-Xavier Garneau : sa vie et ses oeuvres, Montréal: Beauchemin & Valois, libraires-imprimeurs (online)
 * Casgrain, Henri-Raymond (1866). F.X. Garneau, Québec: J.N. Duquet, éditeur, 135 p. (online)

title: François-Xavier Garneau


text: User talk:65.212.92.146

title: User talk:65.212.92.146


text:
Talk:USS Samuel B. Roberts (DE-413)

Picture
Add a picture. --Kross 03:35, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)

Quote
Hi, USSMinnesotaBB22. DE-413's nickname, going back decades, is "the destroyer escort that fought like a battleship". I've never heard "little" inserted there. Moreover, and more to the point, the cited page did not mention the quote at all. So I've replaced it with a citation that does. PRRfan (talk) 02:39, 2 October 2013 (UTC)

Inconsistencies in the articles "USS Samuel B. Roberts", "Japanese cruiser Chokai", and "Japanese cruiser Chikuma"
Regarding the Battle off Samar, the article "USS Samuel B. Roberts" reports that that vessel severed the stern of Chokai, set her bridge afire, then fought her famous gunnery duel with Chikuma, causing damage to that ship's superstructure.

The article "Japanese cruiser Chokai" does not mention USS Samuel B. Roberts; attributes severe damage to a gun hit from an escort carrier destroying her torpedoes; and does not mention any torpedo hits in that engagement.

The article "Japanese cruiser Chikuma" reports that it was Chikuma who had her stern severed, but attributes the torpedo attack to TBF Avengers. It also makes no mention of USS Samuel B. Roberts.

Can these three articles be brought into agreement? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.9.21.230 (talk) 19:33, 24 July 2014 (UTC)

 * There is also the issue of somewhat unsupported claims in the form of flowery/heroic prose in the face of material facts; apparently the Samuel B Roberts got "so close" to the Chokai during her torpedo run that the Japanese cruiser's guns were "unable to depress enough" to hit the DE. This seems unlikely, given the low silhouette of Japanese heavy cruisers and the height of a DE's superstructure - a small target but a target still at zero degrees elevation. However, Navweaps / Campbell both state that the Japanese 8-inch weapon was capable of a -5 degree elevation - enough to hit a DE squarely in the hull at a range of a hundred yards. The 5-inch twin AA weapons are credited by the same sources with a -7 or -8 degrees elevation, again providing good short-range coverage.
 * There is also the matter of arming range for a 21-inch torpedo, if one is getting as close as to slip under the guns of a low-slung cruiser's bow.
 * It would be fairer to say that, in the event of such close action as described, the American ship successfully avoided enemy fire. 2A00:23C7:3119:AD01:DC5D:6A51:E105:FAF6 (talk) 05:43, 20 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:USS Samuel B. Roberts (DE-413)


text:
X-Raided

Anerae Veshaughn Brown (born July 30, 1974), better known by his stage name X-Raided, is an American rapper from Sacramento, California. In 1992, Brown was sentenced to 31 years in prison on murder charges, which Brown denied, maintaining his innocence. The lyrics of his debut album, Psycho Active, was submitted as evidence by the prosecutors. Subsequently, Brown continued to record rap songs in prison, until being released on parole 26 years into his sentence. He was later signed with Strange Music.

Biography
Brown was raised by his mother, Shirley James 'Jaz' Brown, a clerk at the Sacramento County courthouse. Brown was raised on the south side of Sacramento and subsequently joined the Garden Blocc Crips which is a block carved out by Florin Road, Meadowview Road, 24th Street and 29th Street. X was from 24th Street. In 1992, Brown released his debut album, Psycho Active, before being arrested in March with four other Crips for the killing of Patricia Harris during a home invasion, with the prosecution citing Brown's lyrics in his trial, accusing Brown of premeditated murder. The weapon that was used to kill Harris was never found, and Brown maintains that he is innocent.

Brown's second album, Xorcist, was recorded over the phone while he was in jail awaiting trial. He was later sentenced to 31 years in prison. His third album, Unforgiven, was recorded on a DAT recorder smuggled in by a prison guard. Brown also operated a record label, Bloc Star Entertainment from prison. The recordings Brown made while in prison documented the maturation of Brown's psychological development as he processed the gravity of his imprisonment. In 2010, Brown was stabbed seven times during a prison riot by inmates affiliated with the Northern Riders gang, in retaliation after Brown had refused to record a rap album for them.

Brown was paroled on September 14, 2018 after serving 26 years in prison, due to a letter of support from Lyle and Erik Menéndez, whom Brown had befriended in prison, who wrote that Brown "has developed into a kind and patient person, rooted in integrity, and passionate about his ideas." Brown expressed remorse for his past criminal activity, and expressed the intention leading a new life as a changed man, as well as marking a change in his career and lyrical style. After being released from prison, Brown signed with BMG Rights Management. In 2022, Brown signed with Strange Music.

Style and influences
Brown, reflecting on his early music, described his younger self as a "stereotypical rapper" that was "trying to be the toughest, hardest guy, writing a lot of fantastical music in the vein of the Geto Boys." Steve "Flash" Juon, retrospectively reviewing Brown's debut for RapReviews, described Brown's lyrics as "decent yet unremarkable boasting". Brown cited N.W.A and Ice Cube as his influences at this stage in his career. After his incarceration, Brown's lyrical influences shifted to James Baldwin, Langston Hughes and W.E.B. DuBois.

Solo albums

 * Psycho Active (1992)
 * Xorcist (1995)
 * Unforgiven (1999)
 * Speak of the Devil (2000) as Nefarious
 * Vengeance Is Mine (2000)
 * The Initiation (2001)
 * And He Shall Appear (2001)
 * Deadly Game (2002)
 * These Walls Can Talk (2002)
 * The Unforgiven Vol. 2: Assisted Suicide (2009)
 * Unforgiven Vol. 3: Vindication (2011)
 * Sacramentally Disturbed (2012)
 * Psychoactive 2 (2014)
 * Aneraé VeShaughn – The Execution Of X-Raided (2018)
 * California Dreamin (2019)
 *  There Will Be a Storm (2020)
 * A Prayer in Hell (2023)

Collaboration albums

 * City of Kings with Kingpen (2002)
 * Ignition with Loki (2007)
 * Bloc Bizniz with Bloc Star (2010)
 * Family Matters with Luni Coleone (2021)

Compilation albums

 * X-Ology: The Best of X-Raided (2001)
 * The X-Filez, Vol. 1 (2003)
 * The X-Filez, Vol. 2 (2004)
 * The X-Filez, Vol. 3 (2005)
 * The Unforgiven Vol. 2.5: Assisted Suicide [Collector's Edition] (2010)

Mixtapes

 * Sacrifice Mixtape (2012)
 * Psychotic Activity (2014)

Extended plays

 * Niggaz In Black (1991)
 * The Eternally Unforgiven Project (2009)
 * A Gun With a Body on It with Smigg Dirtee (2015)

title: X-Raided


text:
Je suis le seigneur du château

Je suis le seigneur du château (English: I'm the King of the Castle) is a 1989 French drama film, directed by Régis Wargnier, loosely based on the 1970 novel I'm the King of the Castle by the English writer Susan Hill.

Plot
The film stars Régis Arpin as 10-year-old Thomas, the son of a millionaire. Together, they live a fairly isolated existence, in a mansion in rural France. His father (Jean Rochefort) hires a woman (Dominique Blanc), whose husband has been reported missing in the First Indochina War, to take care of things while he is  away. The maid's son, Charles (David Behar) moves in as well, and the two parents hope that the two can become friends; they become enemies immediately after meeting each other. Once their parents fall in love, Thomas decides to make Charles, whom he views as an "invader", as miserable as possible.

Je suis le seigneur du château might be compared by some to the Macaulay Culkin film The Good Son, with its similar storyline. However, whereas Culkin's character is psychotic, Arpin's character's actions attempt to serve a purpose. The movie was recently repacked with La Femme de ma vie in a 2-DVD set.

title: Je suis le seigneur du château


text:
Nathan Ablett

Nathan Ablett (born 13 December 1985) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Gold Coast and Geelong in the Australian Football League (AFL).

A key forward, 1.98 m tall and weighing 96 kg, Nathan is the youngest son of Gary Ablett Sr and the younger brother of Gary Ablett Jr.

Although a standout junior footballer, Ablett chose not to play in the TAC Cup to avoid the media attention which accompanied the preceding careers of his father and brother. After spending a year playing in country leagues, Ablett agreed to sign for Geelong (his former club) under the league's father–son rule and was selected with the 49th overall pick in the 2004 AFL Draft. Ablett made his AFL debut in 2005, and was part of the Premiership side in 2007. However, he announced his retirement from professional football at the conclusion of the 2007 season, citing a lack in desire to continue playing at the top level.

Ablett made a short-lived return to the top flight when he joined brother Gary at the Gold Coast Suns in 2011, playing two games before being delisted at the conclusion of the season.

Early life
Though a gifted junior footballer, Ablett avoided media attention surrounding his junior career by choosing not to play in the TAC Cup. He eventually decided to pursue a career in AFL football, though wary of the pressures placed on him as the son of former league superstar Gary Ablett Sr. and brother of rising talent and eventual dual Brownlow Medallist Gary Ablett, Jr. Regarded as a shy personality both on and off the field, Ablett rarely participated in media interviews.

AFL career
Ablett debuted midway through the 2005 AFL season after beginning his professional football career with the Geelong reserves team in the VFL. Nathan showed improvement as a player at the end of the 2006 season in the VFL team which contested the Grand Final. By 2007, Ablett cemented his position in the senior squad at full-forward, including helping the Cats capture the 2007 AFL Premiership by booting three goals in the record-breaking Grand Final win.

Retirement
On 30 November 2007, Ablett announced he was considering retirement from the game at the age of only 21, citing a lack of continuing passion for the game. This was not without precedent within the family, as Ablett walked away from his TAC Cup team in 2003, but he was eventually convinced to return to top-level competition—at least temporarily. Having been given until the start of 2008 to make a decision, Ablett decided on 7 January 2008 to walk away from AFL for at least one year, but he didn't rule out a possible return at some stage.

In May 2008, media outlets reported Geelong coach Mark Thompson as saying, "I've spoken to him (Nathan Ablett) a few times and it's probably a bit late for this year, for him to play AFL, but that's not the real point, the point is he's missing footy and he is thinking about a return." Nathan re-commenced training with Geelong on 9 July 2008. Although he was expected to play in Geelong's VFL side in the later part of the 2008 season, an ankle injury, sustained from playing basketball, sidelined him for the remainder of the year. It was announced on 2 September 2008 that Nathan would not be pursuing an AFL career in 2009, instead choosing to become a plumber. He subsequently signed with the Broadbeach Cats to play in the AFL Queensland State League.

Ablett returned to AFL football in 2011, signing for the Gold Coast Suns alongside his brother in the club's inaugural AFL season. His Suns debut came in Round 22 against Adelaide, almost four years after his previous AFL appearance. He was delisted at the end of the season, playing only two games for the Suns and kicking one goal.

Ablett played for Victorian Football League side Werribee in 2012.

Statistics

! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2005 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2006 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2011 ! colspan=3| Career ! 34 ! 47 ! 24 ! 178 ! 118 ! 296 ! 131 ! 41 ! 1.4 ! 0.7 ! 5.2 ! 3.5 ! 8.7 ! 3.9 ! 1.2
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 23 || 4 || 8 || 2 || 19 || 8 || 27 || 13 || 5 || 2.0 || 0.5 || 4.8 || 2.0 || 6.8 || 3.3 || 1.3
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 23 || 7 || 4 || 3 || 33 || 23 || 56 || 27 || 5 || 0.6 || 0.4 || 4.7 || 3.3 || 8.0 || 3.9 || 0.7
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * scope=row bgcolor=F0E68C | 2007
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 23 || 21 || 34 || 18 || 117 || 74 || 191 || 86 || 28 || 1.6 || 0.9 || 5.6 || 3.5 || 9.1 || 4.1 || 1.3
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title: Nathan Ablett


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aage Neutzsky-Wulff

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was no consensus. Tony Sidaway|Talk 07:19, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

Aage Neutzsky-Wulff
Just because a person is a father of a notable author does not necessarily mean that he is notable enough to have his own article. Zzyzx11 | Talk 03:36, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable in his own right. Mgm|(talk) 07:43, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment The article does indicate that he wrote poetry, the only question is, how important of a poet was he? Knowing nothing about Danish poetry makes me reluctant to vote. I will note that the Danish language Wikipedia, which has 24,223 articles does not have an article about him. Dsmdgold 14:52, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Ejrrjs | What? 22:24, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with his son's article if not notable in his own right. Parents are somewhat influential in their children's development. Kappa 19:47, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Robert Bothwell

Robert Selkirk Bothwell (born 1944) is a Canadian professor of  Canadian history. Bothwell is considered to be the foremost scholar on Canadian Cold War participation, as well as a frequently published author.

Life and career
Bothwell was born in Ottawa, Ontario, on 17 August 1944. He completed his Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of Toronto and his Doctor of Philosophy degree at Harvard University. He was Director of the University of Toronto's international relations program at Trinity College, where he is a fellow, and is a professor of Canadian political and diplomatic history. Bothwell holds the May Gluskin Chair in Canadian History. His research interests include modern Canadian history and political, diplomatic, and military history. Bothwell is an expert on Canada–US relations.

Selected bibliography

 * C.D. Howe: A Biography, by Robert Bothwell and William Kilbourn, Toronto, 1979, McClelland and Stewart, ISBN 0-7710-4535-2.
 * Eldorado: Canada's National Uranium Company 1984
 * A Short History of Ontario 1986
 * Years of Victory 1987
 * Nucleus: A History of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Toronto, 1988, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 0-8020-2670-2.
 * Loring Christie 1988
 * Laying the Foundations 1991
 * Canada & the United States 1991
 * Canada & Quebec 1995
 * The Big Chill 1998
 * The Penguin History of Canada 2006
 * Alliance and Illusion: Canada and the World, 1945-1984 2007
 * Your Country, My Country: A Unified History of the United States and Canada 2015
 * Your Country, My Country: A Unified History of the United States and Canada 2015

title: Robert Bothwell


text:
Henry Ashby Turner

Henry Ashby Turner, Jr. (April 4, 1932 – December 17, 2008) was an American historian of Germany who was a professor at Yale University for over forty years. He is best known for his book German Big Business and the Rise of Hitler (1985) in which he challenged the common theory that industrialists in Germany were the Nazi Party’s most influential supporters.

Life and career
Turner was born in Atlanta, Georgia, and attended public schools in Maryland. He received his B.A. from Washington and Lee University in 1954 and spent the 1954-1955 academic year as a Fulbright scholar at the University of Munich and the Free University of Berlin in Germany. In the fall of 1955, Turner began graduate study at Princeton University. He completed his M.A. in 1957 and his Ph.D. in 1960 under the supervision of Gordon A. Craig.

Turner was hired by Yale University as an instructor in history in 1958. He was elevated to assistant professor in 1961, associate professor in 1964 and professor in 1971. From 1976 to 1979 he was chairman of the Yale History Department. During his career he held a number of endowed chairs in history at Yale and trained numerous graduate students in modern German history. From 1981 to 1991, Turner also served as Master of Davenport College, one of 12 residential colleges at Yale.

Turner retired in 2002 as the Stillé Professor of History. His papers are housed in the Manuscripts and Archives Division of Sterling Memorial Library at Yale. He died from complications from melanoma on December 17, 2008, at Yale-New Haven Hospital.

Scholarship
In his essay "Fascism and Modernization" from the book Reappraisals of Fascism, following the arguments first made by David Schoenbaum, Turner argued National Socialism sought the total destruction of modern industrial society and its replacement with an agrarian society. Germans would obtain that land, or Lebensraum, in Eastern Europe, where German colonists would settle and reduce the indigenous Slavic people to slaves. However, to accomplish these goals the Nazis, despite the nature against modernism of their ideology, were forced to modernize German society further. Turner called Nazi anti-modernism a "double" form of utopianism in that it was a vision that was both impractical and unachievable.

Turner is best known for his book German Big Business and the Rise of Hitler, published in 1985, in which he rebutted the claim that it was German big business which primarily financed and otherwise promoted the attainment of power by Adolf Hitler. Turner argued that the extent of business support for Hitler and his NSDAP had been much exaggerated. On the basis of careful examination of unpublished records of major German corporations and of the party, Turner concluded that the bulk of the Nazis' funds during their rise came from their party's members and other ordinary Germans. The principal political recipients of big business funding were the traditional center-right parties: the German People's Party and the German National People's Party. The only election campaign in which big business contributed significant amounts of money to the Nazis was the March 5, 1933 election, after the Nazis had already assumed power.

Despite this, Turner concludes that Hitler endorsed the "liberal principle of competition" and private property during his rule, if only "he could distort them into his social Darwinist view of economic life."

In Turner's view, the Third Reich was a possible but by no means inevitable result of German history, thus leading Turner to oppose the Sonderweg thesis. Turner contended that the acquisition of power by Adolf Hitler was heavily influenced by contingency and that military rule was a viable alternative to the Third Reich. In his 1996 book Hitler's Thirty Days To Power: January 1933, he maintained that it was the actions of a few individuals, such as German president Paul von Hindenburg and chancellors Franz von Papen and Kurt von Schleicher, which enabled Hitler to come to power through semilegal means. Political incompetence and personal rivalry between Papen and Schleicher ultimately led to Hitler's being appointed chancellor of Germany by President Hindenburg on January 30, 1933 although he had never won a majority in a national election.

Turner's General Motors and the Nazis (2005) examined the history during the Third Reich of Adam Opel AG, the German subsidiary of General Motors.

Works

 * Stresemann and the Politics of the Weimar Republic, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963.
 * Nazism and the Third Reich, New York: Quadrangle Books, 1972
 * Faschismus und Kapitalismus in Deutschland, Goettingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1972
 * Reappraisals of Fascism (editor), New York: New Viewpoints, 1975.
 * Hitler aus nächster Nähe: Aufzeichnungen eines Vertrauten 1929-1932 (editor), Frankfurt/M, Berlin, Wien: Ullstein, 1978.
 * German Big Business and the Rise of Hitler, New York: Oxford University Press, 1985, translated as Die Grossunternehmer und der Aufstieg Hitlers, Berlin: Siedler Verlag, 1985.
 * Hitler: Memoirs of a Confidant (editor), New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985.
 * The Two Germanies since 1945, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987, revised as
 * Germany from Partition to Reunification, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.
 * Geissel des Jahrhunderts: Hitler und seine Hinterlassenschaft, Berlin: Siedler Verlag, 1989.
 * Hitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933, Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1996.
 * General Motors and the Nazis: The Struggle for Control of Opel, Europe's Biggest Carmaker, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.

title: Henry Ashby Turner


text:
Kia K5

The Kia K5, formerly known as the Kia Optima (기아 옵티마), is a mid-size car manufactured by Kia since 2000 and marketed globally through various nameplates. First generation cars were mostly marketed as the Optima, although the Kia Magentis name was used in Europe and Canada when sales began there in 2002. For the second-generation models, Kia used the Kia Lotze and Kia K5 name for the South Korean market, and the Magentis name globally, except in the United States, Canada, Malaysia and the Middle East, where the Optima name was retained until the 2021 model year. The K5 name is used for all markets since the introduction of the fifth generation in 2019.

First generation (MS; 2000)
From 2000–2005, Optimas were a rebadged variant of the Hyundai Sonata, differing from the Sonata only in minor exterior styling details and equipment content. It was first shown in South Korea in July 2000 and was the first product of the Kia-Hyundai platform integration plan.

In Australia, the Optima was introduced in May 2001, offered only with a 2.5 L V6 engine, and choice of manual or automatic transmission. The updated Optima was offered with a new 2.7 L engine, 4-speed automatic (the manual was dropped), and features such as full leather interior and alloy wheels were made standard. Thanks in part to better marketing, sales increased to 41,289 units in 2005, an all-time high. The Optima was sold until 2006, when it was replaced by the Magentis.

Safety
The 2001 Optima received Poor to Average ratings from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS).

Update
The 2002 Optima received a minor update. A luxurious version of the Optima was sold in South Korea as the "Optima Regal", using the 2-liter four or the 2.5-liter V6 only. The grille was redesigned for the United States in 2003 (2004 model year) to feature the Kia badge, and the headlamps were restyled for 2004 (2005 model year).

Second generation (MG; 2005)
The second generation Optima, known as the Kia Magentis globally except in United States and Malaysia, and as the Kia Lotze in South Korea, was launched in South Korea in November 2005. This generation differed further from the Hyundai Sonata donor vehicle than the previous model. Unlike the previous Optima though, this vehicle uses a global platform, unique to Kia, designated "MG". The car continues to be built in South Korea and shares its 2.4-liter inline-four engine, five-speed Sportmatic automatic or five-speed manual transmission with the Sonata.

In addition to the 2.4-liter inline-four and the 2.7-liter V6 offered in North America, globally the Optima/Magentis/Lotze was also available with smaller, 1.8- or 2.0-liter fours, as well as a 2.0-liter turbodiesel engine. South Korean buyers also received and LPG-powered version of the 2.4. The second generation Optima was launched in Malaysia on 15 August 2007 powered by a 2.0-liter Theta DOHC CVVT engine with a 4-speed automatic transmission.

Safety
The Optima received a crash test rating of five stars from the NHTSA, and four stars from Euro NCAP. The 2006 Optima received Marginal to Good ratings from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS).

Update
The Optima was revised and updated in 2008, debuting at the New York International Auto Show (as a 2009 model year). This update features new front-end styling and tail lamps. In addition to the revised exterior, length is also slightly increased by roughly 70 mm to approximately 4800 mm long. There is also a new engine and the interior has also been revised. Main changes in the interior are a redesigned instrument cluster and a Sirius Satellite Radio/AM/FM/MP3/CD with an auxiliary jack. In certain markets, the option of satellite navigation is offered.

The new Theta II 2.4-liter I4 employs dual continuously variable valve timing (CVVT) and a variable intake system (VIS) to increase power to 131 kW, while returning improved fuel consumption over its predecessor. Torque is rated at 229 Nm. There is a 2.0L I4 for other markets with either a 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic transmission. Power is rated at 164 hp at 6200 RPM and 197 Nm of torque. Acceleration for the 2.0L is 0 - 100 km/h in 9.2 seconds for the 5-speed manual and 10.1 seconds for the 4-speed automatic. Top speed rated up to 208 km/h outside of the US. The 2.7-liter V6 offers few changes to the previous model, though power is increased to 144 kW, and torque to 249 Nm. Acceleration for the 5-speed automatic takes it from 0 - 60 mi/h in 8.9sec with a top speed up to 220 km/h. A five-speed manual transmission is standard in the base model, and a five-speed automatic is included with mid- and high-end levels (or as an option in the base model).

2010 models see the addition of a Proximity Key with Push-Button Start and paddle shifters on SX models.

In Australia, the Magentis was introduced in August 2006, and replaced the Optima. Initially available with a choice of 2.4 L 4-cylinder or 2.7 L V6 engines, the Magentis' sales never caught on, with sales peaking at only 741 units in 2007. In 2008, the V6 engine was dropped, as was the EX-L model, leaving only the entry-level 2.4 L EX on sale until its discontinuation in 2009. While the facelifted 2010 model was never officially launched, a very small number were imported for "evaluation" purposes, and eventually sold to the public as demos.

Third generation (TF; 2010)
The completely redesigned Optima, sharing the same platform as its sibling Hyundai i40, named the Kia K5 in the South Korean and Chinese markets, made its world debut at the 2010 New York International Auto Show. It features a much sleeker, sportier profile designed by new Kia design chief Peter Schreyer, following the new design language featured on the Kia Forte, Kia Sorento, and Kia Sportage and Kia Cadenza — and using Kia's new corporate grille, known as the Tiger Nose, also designed by Schreyer. Lead designer of the TF in the team of Peter Schreyer and Miklos Kovacs was the Italian Davide Limongelli. For the first time, this model will be using the Optima name worldwide, where the Magentis name had been used previously.

As with its Hyundai Sonata sibling, the Optima's lineup has been replaced with a GDI 2.4-liter 4-cylinder engine, either mated to a 6-speed automatic transmission with Eco dash display, or to a 6-speed manual transmission that is standard on only the LX model. Sales began in fall 2010. The new K5 was released in the South Korean market on 29 April 2010.

The new Optima retains its trim lines of the base LX, upscale EX, and sporty SX models. Standard equipment includes safety features such as electronic stability control (ESC) and ABS brakes, as well as Sirius Satellite Radio, cooled glove box, iPod connectivity, and handsfree Bluetooth phone operation. Starting in October 2013, on LX models, Kia will offer the UVO infotainment system by Microsoft as part of the convenience package. EX model options include Kia's new UVO infotainment system by Microsoft, integrated backup camera, and Proximity Key with Push-Button Start. A panoramic moonroof, heated and cooled front seats, heated rear seats and a navigation system are also available. SX models add a rear spoiler, metal pedals, black hybrid metal and carbon insert trim, paddle shifters, and illuminated scuff plates. The third generation Optima came with two different ignition options. On some, the ignition is fitted to the steering column with a turn key. In certain specifications, the keyhole is inside of the glove box, with a start button located on the dashboard.

A Hybrid model and a Turbo model were also released. In addition, a wagon version was planned for European markets, and two-door coupé version was mooted for the United States. however they were never released. The turbo model has the same powertrain as the Hyundai Sonata 2.0T. The turbocharged model has 274 hp and 269 lbft of torque in the North American model. The car is estimated to obtain 34 mpgus on the highway.

The third generation Kia Optima is built and manufactured in West Point, Georgia, which began in 2011 with the 2012 model.

In Australia, the new Optima went on sale in January 2011. Initially available in only one grade, the highly specified "Platinum", it was later joined by an entry-level "Si" model in the 2012 model year. Both models feature a 2.4L GDI engine with 6-speed automatic. A manual was not offered.

The facelifted 2014 model was unveiled at the 2013 New York International Auto Show in March.

The third generation Kia Optima was launched in Malaysia on 27 December 2011 powered by a 2.0 liter Theta II MPI engine with a 6-speed automatic transmission and in January 2014 the facelift version was launched in Malaysia.

Safety
The 2011 Optima received a "Top Safety Pick" rating from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS).

Reception
In a March 2012 comparison test by Car and Driver, the Optima came in third place out of six cars behind the first place Volkswagen Passat and the second place Honda Accord.

Hybrid version
The 2011 Kia Optima Hybrid was unveiled at the 2010 Los Angeles Auto Show, and was launched in the U.S. market in June 2011. During its first month in the market sold 524 units. Considering cumulative sales in the U.S. market through December 2011, with 19,672 units sold, together the Hyundai Sonata Hybrid and the Kia Optima Hybrid ranked second in hybrid sales for calendar year 2011, after the Toyota Prius.

The Optima Hybrid uses the Hyundai Sonata Hybrid powertrain, combining a 2.4-liter MPI engine with a six-speed automatic transmission, and a 30kW electric motor and lightweight lithium polymer batteries to produce a full gasoline-electric hybrid with an estimated fuel consumption of 37 mpgus city and 39 mpgus highway. The Optima Hybrid is able to travel up to 100 kph in full electric mode, which helps it stand apart from many competitors. Korean and European markets will get the Optima Hybrid with a 2.0-liter turbocharged engine.

The only externally apparent features that differentiate it from the Kia Optima are the hybrid badging, application specific wheel design, a lowered ride height by approximately 1 in, and the availability of a special light platinum graphite paint color. It also utilizes an active shutter system behind the upper grille, allowing the car to redirect airflow when the gas engine's heat levels allow (such as when the car is operating in EV mode to improve aerodynamics, or to assist in more rapid warming up of the gas engine).

In September 2011, the Optima Hybrid set a Guinness World Record for "Lowest Fuel Consumption in a Hybrid Gasoline Vehicle" while driving across the continental United States for 14 days, starting from the Kia factory in West Point, Georgia. In its 7,899-mile drive across the 48 states, the car recorded an average of 64.55 miles per gallon while consuming a total of five and a half tanks of gasoline. In order to qualify for the record, the car had two people and luggage throughout the entire trip.

Fourth generation (JF; 2015)
The 2016 Kia Optima went on-sale towards the end of 2015. It shares a platform with the 2015 Hyundai Sonata, and offers a new design, with new features and enhancements. As with the previous-generation Optima, the new model was designed by Kia's Chief of Design, Peter Schreyer. Unveiled at the 10th Seoul Motor Show in April 2015, the new K5 was released in the South Korean market on 15 July 2015.

For the Malaysian market, the fourth generation Kia Optima was launched in May 2017 powered by the Theta II 2.0 liter turbocharged four-cylinder gasoline engine with a 6-speed automatic transmission.

Sportswagon
At the 2016 Geneva Motor Show, Kia revealed the Sportswagon variant of the Optima. Developed mainly for the European market by Kia's European design team, Kia says the model represents a significant growth opportunity in Europe, as two thirds of all models sold in the class are estates, rising to three quarters when looking purely at fleet sales. In its case, Kia says the estate could outsell the sedan version six to one.

Plug-in hybrid
A plug-in hybrid variant was unveiled at the 2016 Chicago Auto Show. The Kia Optima PHEV shares the powertrain of the Hyundai Sonata PHEV, and like its sibling, it has a 9.8 kWh battery pack that delivers an all-electric range of 27 mi, but the Optima plug-in hybrid has a lower drag coefficient, which at 0.24 Cd is on par with the all-electric Tesla Model S. The Optima PHEV has an active grille, which automatically opens and closes at high and low speeds, contributing to reduce the Cd. The plug-in hybrid features a 50 kW electric motor and 2.0-liter “Nu” four-cylinder GDI engine, mated to a six-speed automatic transmission.

Retail deliveries began in the United States in January 2017 with 40 units sold.

Facelift (2018)
The facelifted Kia Optima was officially revealed at the 2018 Geneva Motor Show. In January, the facelifted Kia K5 was introduced in South Korean market.

Safety
The 2017 Optima received a "Top Safety Pick+" rating from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS).

Awards
The Optima is a two-time winner of the International Car of the Year award. it also won the 2016 Red Dot "Best of the Best" Award.

Kia Optima Convertible Concept
The Kia Optima Convertible Concept was shown in 2015; a 4-door concept car similar to the Kia Optima sedan without a roof and rear-hinged doors for the rear passengers in place of the front-hinged doors of the production car.

Fifth generation (DL3; 2019)
The fifth generation Optima is badged as the K5 worldwide. It was first unveiled in November 2019 and released in South Korea on 12 December 2019. Its overall design is similar to that of the Sonata, with a fastback-like profile, a trend that began in the 1940s. However, the styling is unique, featuring Z-shaped running lights, a textured grille and a chrome strip that runs along the window line and becomes more prominent at the C-pillar. The interior has been redesigned significantly as well, with an optional 12.3-inch digital cluster and 10.3-inch center screen, augmented by Apple CarPlay and Android Auto and an optional 12-speaker Bose audio system.

Under the hood, engines mostly mirror that of the Sonata, with the base 4-cylinder turbo 1.6-liter engine producing 180 hp and 195 lb⋅ft of torque and the GT receiving a high-performance 2.5-liter turbocharged four-cylinder unit with 286 hp and 311 lb⋅ft of torque. All-wheel drive is newly available on some trim levels, distinguishing it from the Sonata.

Depending on the market, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) include Forward Collision-avoidance Assist (FCA), Blind-spot View Monitor (BVM) with Surround View Monitor (SVM) and Blind-spot Collision-avoid Assist (BCA), Smart Cruise Control (SCC) or Navigation-based SCC (NSCC), Lane Following Assist (LFA), Driver Attention Warning (DAW), and Highway Driving Assist (HDA).

Kia was confirmed that the car is not to be available for the European markets or any right-hand-drive markets (such as Asia, Australasia and Africa) due to the shrinking traditional sedan market.

Facelift
The K5 facelift was revealed on 25 October 2023 in South Korea, and at the 2024 Chicago Auto Show for the 2025 model year in North America. Changes include redesigned headlights and taillights, new front bumper with larger faux vents, new exhaust pipes for non-sportier trim levels, new exterior colours, new alloy wheel designs, an updated interior with a pair of 12 in screens, the traditional gear lever replaced by a rotary selector, and new technological features.

North America
In June 2020, Kia unveiled the US-market K5, renaming it from the Optima. Both the 1.6-liter turbocharged and 2.5-liter naturally aspirated Smartstream inline four-cylinder gasoline engines will be available with either front wheel drive or all wheel drive; the 2.5-liter turbocharged engine is available only in front wheel drive and is mated to an eight-speed wet dual-clutch transmission. Trim levels include LX, LXS, GT-Line, EX, and GT. US specification models will be assembled at Kia's West Point, Georgia assembly plant (KMMG).

Safety
The 2021–2022 K5 was awarded a Top Safety Pick+ from the IIHS.

Motorsport
The third generation Kia Optima was an official entry in the Pirelli World Challenge. In June 2012, Michael Galati drove the Infinity Audio-sponsored Optima to Kia's first victory in round 8 of the 2012 season at Canadian Tire Motorsport Park in Bowmanville, Ontario, Canada, while teammate Mark Wilkins finished in second place.

Kia Racing clinched the 2014 Pirelli World Challenge Grand Touring Sport (GTS) Class Manufacturer Championship in only its third season of competition. Kia defeated rivals Ford, Chevrolet, Porsche, Aston Martin and Nissan to become the first Korean auto manufacturer to win the championship. Kia Racing finished the season with 13 podium finishes, including 5 race wins. Meanwhile, the turbocharged Optima race cars led more on-track miles than any other manufacturer in the class this season.

The race car weighs 2,950 lb and is powered by an inline 4-cylinder engine generating 368 horsepower and uses a 6-speed sequential transmission. It reaches 0 to 60 mph in 4.7 seconds and has a top speed of 160 mph.

title: Kia K5


text:
Talk:Pierre Drieu La Rochelle

[Untitled]
Karl: (1) While I have kept everything you added, I have also restored what I had previously written here. I think his communist period and the nature of his transition from communism to fascism are quite important; I really cannot imagine why you have removed these from the article. (2) You give a very lengthy list of books as references, but you only wrote two paragraphs. Have you actually read the books you are citing? If so, I would hope you could add a lot more to this article. -- Jmabel | Talk 03:38, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)

Untitled

 * Well, I did my Master's thesis on this author. Although that's several years ago, I'm one of the few people who can say that they have read nearly all of Drieu's works. Drieu never had a "communist period", although he may have had some (fleeting) sympathy for communism in his early years. If you stand by this claim, you should mention your sources. I also think that his political essays are not what he should be remembered for today. The focus of the article should be on his literary works. I removed the external links, (1) because the sites are not in English; (2) the French site is too sympathetic to Drieu's politics; (3) the Italian site violates copyright. - Karl Stas 08:07, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * There is no policy against linking to foreign-language sites; the only policy against linking to them is where a comparable or better English-language equivalent is available. If there is a policy against linking to sites with copyright issues, I'm unaware of it, and would appreciate if you would point me to it.
 * You are doubtless more expert on Drieu La Rochelle, and I will trust you that he was not a CP member, but if you are saying that the author of Genève ou Moscou was not, at the least, a small-c communist, can I ask you to elaborate on that? -- Jmabel | Talk 02:03, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * Drieu always was an anti-materialist. That's why he rejected both capitalism and marxism. In Genève ou Moscou, he even tries to demonstrate that the antagonism between the two systems is only apparent: both are "children of the machine". If at times in his life he admired "Moscow", it's because he saw a new spiritual élan there, not because he adhered to the principles of communism or marxism-leninism. I would also like to point out that neither the French Wikipedia article (in its current revision) nor the Italian biographical piece claim as much. "Nel 1917, fu attratto dal comunismo, quindi si mostrò favorevole ad un'Europa forte" means "In 1917, he was attracted by communism; later, he favoured a strong Europe". I would say that even "attracted" is an exaggeration. I refer to the article by Jean-Pierre Morel, "Drieu et le communisme" in Dambre (ed.), Drieu la Rochelle, écrivain et intellectuel. - Karl Stas 08:05, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Devoid of any nationalism?
From the article: "He believed that a federal Europe, devoid of any nationalism on part of its constituencies, could bolster a strong economic and political union isolated from the imperialist Russians and Americans; in 1939 he was left to believe that only Nazi Germany could deliver such an autarkian promise." I think it is very dubious to say what Drieu believed without saying when (except for his anti-liberalism): how can one say that a sometime supporter of the Parti Populaire Français was uniformly opposed to nationalism?

I'd appreciate if the person who wrote this would take a shot at rewriting more carefully. If not, I'll have at it in a few days. - Jmabel | Talk 04:47, 18 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I've provided a reference. Intangible 12:55, 18 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Just to clarify: does the cited source deal at all with his period supporting Doriot? It simply seems weird to me to say that the Parti Populaire Français was not nationalist. Our article on them refers to them as "conservative nationalists": that seems accurate to me from what I've read (though I can't claim to be expert). Still, from what I have read, I'd be more inclined to question "conservative" (vs. "reactionary") than "nationalist". - Jmabel | Talk 06:43, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Does Intangible means they were not "nationalists" because they were one of the biggest collaborationist? Irony set aside, I stop assuming good faith from Intangible, and this is yet another example of his POV edits. His argument that the PPF worked for a "Europe devoid of nationalism" sounds like a Nouvelle droite legitimation of old fascist parties (see his work at this article too) based on White "European nationalism". I doubt that because the National Front cooperates with other European far right parties (sorry Intangible for defining the FN as far right) it is not nationalist. Intangible seems to jump from the conclusion that to be "in favor of Europe" is necessarily to be opposed to nationalism (at least, since I don't read in his mind, this is what this edit on this page seems to state). This, of course, is bypassing the notion of federalism, which of course doesn't oppose ""l'Europe aux nations"", since it is favor of l'Europe des nations. Should I add that the Third Reich was also a version of Europe, one that was supposed to last a thousand years? You may be interested in noting that User:Cberlet has filed a Rfarbitration against Intangible, and his strange edits on this page do nothing to improve my view on him. Tazmaniacs 14:25, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * PS: The PPF wasn't "conservative", but fascist. The Wikipedia article correctly states it. What does "conservative nationalists"mean? Nationalism, in France, is usually distinguished, especially in the beginning of the 20th, between an open, universal type of nationalism, based on citizenship & al., shared by the Republican left-wing (France as "pays des droits de l'homme" - sic); and a "close", exclusive type of nationalism, which emerged during the Dreyfus Affair with Maurras and the Action française, and which excludes "Jews, protestants, freemasons" and "métèques", that is foreigners... Tazmaniacs 14:35, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I modified the sentence as such: "He believed that a federal Europe could bolster a strong economic and political union isolated from the imperialist Russians and Americans; in 1939 he was left to believe that only Nazi Germany could deliver such an autarkian promise.". Note that the second part of the sentence (in 1939... Nazi Germany) contradict Intangible's claim that this view of a federal Europe "was devoid of nationalism". I don't exactly agree with the assertion that the Third Reich's European conception was "devoid of nationalism", although Intangible might. Actually, several nationalist French people, although sympathetic to fascism and nazism, fought in the Resistance because they kind of had a little conscience problem with supporting the "hereditary enemy". Does Intangible wants to make us believe that the new far right (see New Right and Nouvelle Droite — which are not the same!), which is grounding itself in a mythical view of Occident (Occidentalisme) versus colored people, is beyond nationalism? That might be their arguments, but, to return to our subject here, it certainly wasn't Drieu La Rochelle's argument, except if you believe in Hitler's dream of "pacifically" unifying all European countries (of course, the Eastern countries had to be emptied first if they were to become "Germany"'s (which somehow grew a bit) lebensraum...) Tazmaniacs 14:41, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

 * To quote: "..he should have given the closest scrutiny to the policies pursued by such leaders as Hitler. Even the term National Socialism should have given him a pause; for Drieu was hardly a nationalist, certainly not a German nationalist; and while from 1934 on he openly advocated fascists "socialism," he appears not to have drawn any significant conclusions from Mussolini's career or from the fact that Hitler in that very year had turned on the left-wing elements in his own party and had only too obviously made his peace with German capitalism. Hitler's totalitarian national capitalism was not precisely the incarnation of Drieu's European and socialist fascism. But what Drieu was concerned with was a vision, subjective like all visions...It would be a socialism in the spirit of Saint-Simon, Fourier, Cabet, and Proudhon. Marxism, he argued, had obscured these earlier socialist traditions, but they had undergone a brief revival before the first World War in the thought of Sorel and Pelloutier...He did not see the state as having any important role to play once socialism had been established. Just as he believed that nationalism was only an incidental aspect of fascism, to be used as a stepping stone to Europeanism..." So although he might have seen nationalism as a means, it certainly was not an end in his opinion. If you want to add this nuance, go ahead, but just don't go blindly reverting people's work without discussion. Intangible 15:11, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * No, Intangible, with all my sincere respect, you should tread softly on such subjects. I don't have to add the nuance, it's rather the other way around. Drieu La Rochelle was a fascist and, therefore, nationalist. That he had European views in no way contradict either his fascism, or his nationalism (again, the Third Reich was "European", but luckily they are other versions of Europe). You know very well what Wikipedia is, and if you may enter complex matters, you certainly simplify things by stating "devoid of nationalism", as if he opposed nationalism. I don't really care if he saw it "as a means" or as "an end", and I don't doubt that you are aware that these distinctions between "means" & "end" are most problematic in politics (although it is often traced to Machiavelli, this man was smart enough to know that one can't distinguish clearly both, and that the end is always in the means, or the means the end, whatever way you want to have it). If you want to write a paragraph on Drieu La Rochelle's conception of nationalism & Europe, do so. I wouldn't advise it to you however, since I don't think this is the place to write a thesis. And you will need lots of sources, and it might be called original research. Tazmaniacs 13:25, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Are you saying that there is nothing wrong with killing people to bring about morally just ends? Intangible 19:37, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Sigh. Tazmaniacs 21:43, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pierre Drieu La Rochelle


text:
Talk:Eygelshoven

I'm not sure what the original author intended – I assume the mines were named after the wives of two of the miners, not the mines, which is nonsensical; however, I'm not sure why a church would be torn down due to "over-capacity," so I left that phrase alone. Any elaboration would be appreciated. android↔talk 03:38, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Eygelshoven


text:
Malu Mader

Maria de Lourdes "Malu" da Silveira Mäder (born 12 September 1966) is a Brazilian actress.

Biography
Born in Rio de Janeiro, she is the daughter of Rubens Tramujas Mäder, a Brazilian army colonel (who gives his name to the RJ-163 highway, which goes to Penedo) and Ângela Maria da Silveira, a social worker. She is of Lebanese, Luxembourgish and Portuguese descent. At age 10 she was taken by her cousin Maísa, who was starting to date her older brother, to watch the play Capitães da Areia, and then she decided to perform.

In 1972, she enrolled in the course for actors at the Tablado Theater, directed by Maria Clara Machado, and had as teacher Carlos Wilson, director of Capitães da Areia and also actress Louise Cardoso as a teacher.

Personal life
She has been married since 1990 to musician, presenter and writer Tony Bellotto, who is part of the Brazilian rock band Titãs. Actress Betty Gofman was the mediator of the couple's formation. Two children were born from the union, João Mäder Bellotto, born May 14, 1995, and Antonio Mäder Bellotto, born September 1, 1997.

Filmography

 * 2018: Malhação: Vidas Brasileiras - Melissa Kavaco (special appearance)
 * 2018: Tempo de Amar - Ester Delamare, the Baroness of Sobral (special appearance)
 * 2016: Haja Coração - Rebeca Rocha de La Fuente
 * 2013: Sangue Bom - Rosemere Moreira
 * 2010: Ti Ti Ti - Suzana Martins
 * 2008: Sexo Com Amor? - Paula (film)
 * 2007: Eterna Magia - Eva Sullivan
 * 2004: Sexo Amor & Traição - Ana
 * 2004: A Grande Família - Himself (special appearance)
 * 2003: Celebridade - Maria Clara Diniz
 * 2002: O Invasor - Cláudia/Fernanda
 * 2001: Sítio do Picapau Amarelo - Cuca disguised as Malu Mader
 * 2001: Bellini and the Sphinx - Fátima
 * 2000: Brava Gente (episode: "Dia de Visita") - Delourdes
 * 1999: Força de um Desejo - Ester Delamare, the Baroness of Sobral
 * 1998: Labirinto - Paula Lee
 * 1997: A Justiceira - Diana
 * 1996: A Vida Como Ela É...
 * 1993: O Mapa da Mina - Wanda Machado
 * 1992: Anos Rebeldes - Maria Lúcia
 * 1991: O Dono do Mundo - Márcia
 * 1989: Top Model - Duda (Maria Eduarda)
 * 1988: Fera Radical - Cláudia
 * 1987: O Outro - Glorinha da Abolição
 * 1986: Anos Dourados - Lurdinha
 * 1985: Ti Ti Ti - Valquíria
 * 1984: Corpo a Corpo - Beatriz Fraga Dantas (Bia)
 * 1983: Eu Prometo - Dóris Cantomaia

title: Malu Mader


text:
The Ballpark at Jackson

The Ballpark at Jackson is a 6,000-seat minor league baseball stadium in Jackson, Tennessee, United States. It opened in 1998.

The Ballpark at Jackson was built by the municipal government of Jackson, Tennessee, and was the home of the Jackson Generals, formerly of the Southern League from 1998 to 2020. The stadium is northeast of downtown Jackson and is visible from Interstate 40.

It also hosts other events, including Pro Wrestling for the USA Championship Wrestling company.

History
In conjunction with Major League Baseball's reorganization of the minor leagues after the 2020 season, the Jackson Generals were not invited to serve as any team's affiliate, effectively ending their run in the Southern League and affiliated baseball altogether. Major League Baseball has stated its intentions to assist cities like Jackson in joining independent baseball leagues; the team's lease require them to maintain a Class A, Double-A, or Triple-A affiliation to remain at The Ballpark at Jackson.

With no team lined up for 2021, the Generals agreed to operate The Ballpark at Jackson as a temporary home for the Winnipeg Goldeyes, an independent American Association team based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, which was displaced due to COVID-19 travel restrictions. However, Jackson Mayor Scott Conger notified the teams that the Generals lost their authority to manage the city-owned ballpark when they lost their affiliation with Minor League Baseball and that they were issued an eviction notice to leave the stadium after May 30, nine days after the Goldeyes' May 21 home opener. On June 1, the Goldeyes entered into a new license agreement with the city to continue use of the facility. The Generals and the City of Jackson went go to an arbiter to determine which party had legal control of the stadium. The arbiter ruled in favor of the city, determining the team's lease to be invalid after the loss of its affiliation and requiring the team to vacate the ballpark.

In December 2021, the Prospect League announced that the Jackson Rockabillys will play home games at the ballpark for the 2023 season.

Naming rights
From its opening until November 1, 2012, The Ballpark at Jackson was known as Pringles Park, due to a naming rights agreement with Procter & Gamble, then-owners of the Pringles brand, which has a factory in Jackson. In 2012, the Pringles brand was sold to Kellogg's. Kellogg's opted not to renew the naming rights agreement, and the name was changed to The Ballpark at Jackson for the 2013 season.

Notable events
The Ballpark at Jackson has hosted the 1999 and 2011 Southern League All-Star Games and the 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2021 Ohio Valley Conference baseball tournament.

title: The Ballpark at Jackson


text:
Bill George (linebacker)

the Wake Forest Demon Deacons

William J. George (October 27, 1929 – September 30, 1982) was an American football linebacker who played for the Chicago Bears and the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL).

George was born in Waynesburg, Pennsylvania, about 50 miles south of Pittsburgh. He is among numerous legendary football players born in football-rich Western Pennsylvania. He played college football for the Wake Forest Demon Deacons and was the Bears second-round draft pick in 1951.

College career
During his time playing at Wake Forest, George became the first All-American football player in team history and was a three-time selection to the All-Southern Conference Team. George was also a standout wrestler in high school and although Wake Forest did not field a wrestling team, he entered the Southern Conference wrestling tournament as an individual competitor without a team and won on three occasions at heavyweight. He was inducted into the Wake Forest Sports Hall of Fame in 1998.

Professional career
He began his pro football career in 1952 as a middle guard in the then-standard five-man defensive front. He was selected to play in eight consecutive Pro Bowls, from 1954 to 1961. George is credited as the first true middle linebacker in football history and, inadvertently, the creator of the 4–3 defense. Noting during a 1954 game with the Philadelphia Eagles that his tendency to hit the center right after the snap led to the quarterback passing right over his head, he began to drop back from the line, not only enabling him to intercept and otherwise disrupt several passes from that game forward but also creating the familiar 4–3 setup (four linemen and three linebackers).

Hall of Famer Art Donovan had this to say about Bill George: "It's real hard to make the call, but the best linebacker I've ever seen play may have been the Bears' George. He was wild; he'd psyche himself up into a frenzy when he played. Then you'd meet him off the field and he was a completely different guy, another Clark Kent. And he'd line up anywhere on the field.... Quarterbacks would be going out of their mind looking to find out where the hell Bill George was."

In addition to his 18 career interceptions, George also recovered 19 fumbles, and in 1954 scored 25 points on 13 PATs and four field goals. In 1963, he led the Bears defense when they won the NFL Championship.

After football
George was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1974. The Bears retired his uniform number 61. Three of his successors as Chicago middle linebackers are also in the Hall of Fame: Dick Butkus (1965–1973), Mike Singletary (1981–1992) and Brian Urlacher (2000–2012).

In a 1989 article, in which he named his choices for the best athletes ever to wear each uniform number from 0 to 99, Sports Illustrated columnist Rick Reilly not only chose George for number 61, but called him "the meanest Bear ever", no small thing considering the franchise's long history and reputation for toughness. In 1999, he was ranked number 49 on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Football Players.

Death

George was killed in an automobile accident in Rockford, Illinois on September 30, 1982. He was buried at Evergreen Cemetery in Barrington, Illinois.

title: Bill George (linebacker)


text:
Patriarchy in China

Patriarchy in China refers to the history and prevalence of male dominance in Chinese society and culture, although patriarchy is not exclusive to Chinese culture and exists all over the world.

Patriarchy in China is a historically male-dominated cultural phenomenon. From Confucianism to modern times, patriarchy is deeply rooted in Chinese society. Traditionally, men dominated the family and society, while women were expected to be subservient to their fathers, husbands, and sons. However, over time, Chinese society has undergone tremendous changes, including the elevation of women's status and the gradual dilution of traditional customs. In contemporary China, although men still dominate the political and military spheres, women have begun to gain almost equal economic power. However, some traditional attitudes and practices, such as forced abortions and social pressure on "leftover women" (women who remain unmarried past the age of 25), remain a challenge.

Confucianism and Imperial China
Confucian conceptions of filial piety has been focused on preserving the traditional role of the father as the primary leader and decision maker of the family. In the hierarchy of traditional Chinese cultural family life, the father and sons take prominence over the mother and daughters. A cliché of classical texts, which is repeated throughout the tradition, is the familiar notion that men govern the outer world, while women govern the home.

Mencius outlined the three subordinations. A woman was to be subordinate to her father in youth, her husband in maturity, and her son in old age. Familial relationships are prefixed, and family lifestyles and behaviors are constrained by social norms.

In the Han dynasty, the female historian Ban Zhao wrote the Lessons for Women, advice on how women should behave. She outlines the four virtues women must abide by: proper virtue, proper speech, proper countenance, proper merit. The "three subordinations and the four virtues" is a common four-character phrase throughout the imperial period.

As for the historical development of Chinese patriarchy, women's status was highest in the Tang dynasty, when women played sports (polo) and were generally freer in fashion and conduct. Between the Tang and Song dynasties, a fad for little feet arose, and from the Song dynasty onwards foot binding became more and more common for the elite. In the Ming dynasty, a tradition of virtuous widowhood developed. Widows, even if widowed at a young age, would be expected not to remarry. Their virtuous names might be displayed on the arch at the entrance of the village.

20th century onwards
Features of patriarchy in 20th and 21st century China are a combination of contemporary problems found even in the West and traditional Chinese issues.

Men hold most of the major positions of power within the country, especially in the political and military spheres. However, with the decline of traditional practices through the 20th century, women have come to enjoy virtually equal economic power. This is especially true in the cities, where the social stigma of being a working woman is virtually nonexistent, although skepticism of unmarried, career-minded women is increasing. Although both genders face strong pressure to be married, women who remain unmarried past the age of 25 are shamed by state media with the label "leftover women".

In addition, foot binding and arranged marriages have been virtually eradicated.

There is also the issue of forced abortions in China, especially for sex selection purposes; authorities have been accused of giving the women virtually no control over their bodies in this area.

Traditional norms regarding favoring the grandmother on the father's side persisted until after the Chinese Communist Party's victory in the Chinese Civil War. This traditional preference for the paternal grandmother was reflected in the word referring to the paternal grandmother (zumu) and the maternal grandmother (waizumu, meaning "outside grandmother"). The paternal grandmother would be the one who was expected to live with grandchildren and assist in their care and raising. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, paternal and maternal grandmothers enjoy equal status.

title: Patriarchy in China


text:
Albion Road

Roads named Albion Road include:

Britain

 * Albion Road, a Road in London

Greater Toronto Area

 * Albion Road (Toronto)
 * Ontario Highway 50

Elsewhere

 * Albion Road (Ottawa)

title: Albion Road


text:
User talk:65.49.75.89

Please do not create an article to promote yourself, a website, a product, or a business (see What Wikipedia is not). - Lucky 6.9 03:43, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:65.49.75.89


text:
Wikipedia:Niqqud

Upgrading to Windows XP SP2 or newer fixes this serious bug.

If you are running Windows XP SP1, to edit articles with niqqud, please upgrade to Windows XP SP2,  Windows XP SP3, or a newer operating system (such as Microsoft Vista, Mac OS X, or Linux), as no solution has been found.

Checking version
To check the version of your operating system, right-click on "My Computer," select "Properties," and read off which Operating System and Service Pack it is running.

The problem
The problem is especially severe because it not only affects how the vowels are seen on the screen, but changes the actual Unicode coding of the Hebrew letters and vowels when submitted via the browser form. That is, after a text that has been correct in the past undergoes "save" or even "show preview," the coding is altered in a way that makes it nearly impossible to read.

Note that correctly coded texts from before the recent Wikimedia upgrade (preserved in the "History" of the page) retain the proper coding. But any attempt to revert to a version with the correct coding is automatically destroyed.

The problem was noted several times at the Hebrew Wikipedia, and the issue was discussed here (entirely in Hebrew). As a result, this page was created to make English Wikipedia users aware of the bug.

Example

 * 1) On December 9, 2004, niqqud (a vowelized text) was added to Hebrew Wikisource.
 * 2) On June 7, 2005, a well-meaning user made a minor edit to that text. (He simply added a category tag.) But when he pressed "save," it created a new version of the entire text, as can be seen from the comparison in the link: The new version contained vowel changes in the majority of the text's words. This happened automatically, and is extraordinarily difficult to correct manually (even if the software allowed fixing it). (Unicode normalization considerations)

Status links
The following pages contain a running summary of the problem by the developers, and is the best place to present new developments or ask questions (in addition to the bug page).

 * mw:Unicode normalization considerations
 * 4399 (with response by Ken Whistler, Unicode 5.0 editor)

title: Wikipedia:Niqqud


text:
Ontario Highway 50

King's Highway 50, commonly referred to as Highway 50, was a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. The highway, which was decommissioned in 1998, is still referred to as Highway 50, though it is now made up of several county and regional roads: Peel Regional Road 50, York Regional Road 24 and Simcoe County Road 50. The route began in the north end corner of the former Etobicoke (today part of Toronto) at Highway 27 as Albion Road, and travelled northwest to Highway 89 west of the town of Alliston. En route, it passed through the villages of Bolton, Palgrave and Loretto. The road south of Bolton has become more suburban as development has encroached from the east and west; but despite this increased urbanization, the removal of highway status, and the fact that it runs through the former Albion Township, the Albion Road name has not been extended to follow it outside Toronto.

Highway 50 was designated in 1936, connecting the western terminus of Highway 49 with Bolton. One year later, it was extended both north and south to Highway 9 and Highway 7, respectively. In 1962, the route was extended south to Highway 27 in Toronto. A final extension was designated in 1976, extending the highway north to Highway 89. In 1997 and 1998, the entire route was transferred to regional governments, decommissioning the designation.

Route description
Highway 50 began at Highway 27 in Etobicoke, following Albion Road in a northwesterly direction. As far as Steeles Avenue, it was maintained as a connecting link with Metropolitan Toronto, bearing little resemblance to the rural highway north of the city.

The former route of Highway 50 begins as an urban arterial road; as the northwesternmost part of Albion Road. Unlike most other major roads in Toronto, it travels diagonally through the road grid. At Steeles, the road curves north and serves as the boundary between Brampton to the west and Vaughan to the east, in the regions of Peel and York, respectively, following an alignment that divides the concession road grids of both regional municipalities but follows neither. North of the former Highway 7 (named Queen Street on the Brampton side), the road passes to the east of the former hamlet of Ebenezer and then west of the Canadian Pacific Railway Vaughan Intermodal Facility, a large rail yard. At Mayfield Road (Peel Regional Road 14), which serves as the Brampton and Caledon boundary, the route curves northwest to align to the Peel regional road grid as it turns to run entirely within that region, and enters the village of Bolton, where it is named Queen Street. North of Bolton, the road enters a rural stretch, where it divides two golf courses and provides access to Albion Hills Conservation Area. Shortly thereafter it enters the village of Palgrave, veering to the west to avoid a pond. North of Palgrave, the road is mostly rural, surrounded by open farmland; to the west is Palgrave Conservation Area. The road meets Highway 9 and curves northward, entering Simcoe County. It travels straight through the small hamlet of Loretto on its final leg northward. The former highway ends at Highway 89, west of Alliston, the location of a Honda Manufacturing plant.

History
Highway 50 between Steeles Avenue and Bolton was originally part of a historic road named Indian Line, that continued the future highway's course south of the junction of Albion Road in Claireville, prior to the southern portion of Indian Line being rerouted and subsequently subsumed into Highway 427. It was first assumed by the Department of Highways as part of the King's Highway network in 1936, connecting Highway 49 with Bolton. On August 12, 1936, the 5.4 km route was designated. One year later, on August 11, 1937, the route was extended north to Highway 9. On October 6, it was extended south to Highway 7 along the York–Peel boundary.

Highway 50 was downloaded, a process that transfers responsibility for funding and maintenance of a highway to the various jurisdictions it resided within, beginning on April 1, 1997. On that day, the section between Steeles Avenue and Highway 7 was transferred to the joint jurisdiction of the Regional Municipalities of York and Peel, and the connecting link agreement with the Town of Caledon through downtown Bolton repealed. The road was designated Regional Road 24 on July 10, 1997, but renumbered as Regional Road 50 on March 26, 1998. York Region did not follow suit with this change, and so the road is still designated as Regional Road 24 by their Public Works Department. The remaining section of Highway 50 north of Highway 7 was transferred to the regions of York and Peel and the County of Simcoe on January 1, 1998, decommissioning the designation entirely. A final transfer took place on August 13, 1998 between the Town of Caledon and Region of Peel, when the former connecting link through Bolton was assumed by Peel Region. Simcoe County has since designated its portion of the former highway as County Road 50.

title: Ontario Highway 50


text:
Regina Duarte

Regina Blois Duarte (born 5 February 1947) is a Brazilian actress who briefly served as Special Secretary of Culture, a cabinet position in President Jair Bolsonaro's federal administration, from March to May 2020.

Political activities
Her efforts against former Brazilian president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (of the Workers' Party) in the 2002 elections caused considerable controversy. Duarte appeared in a TV advertisement saying that she was afraid of what could happen to Brazil if Lula won: "I'm afraid. It's been a long time since I had this feeling. Because I feel that Brazil in this election is at the risk of losing all the stability that has already been conquered."

She was also involved in the short-lived polemic organization Cansei.

Special Secretary of Culture
Following Roberto Alvim's controversy and subsequent removal from office in January 2020, Duarte was invited to be Special Secretary of Culture. At first, she did not accept the job, but on January 29, Duarte announced after a meeting that she had decided to accept the position. On March 4, 2020, she took office as the fourth Special Secretary of Culture in Jair Bolsonaro's government.

Duarte's time as secretary had no shortage of controversies, the most recent of which happened on May 7. During an interview with CNN Brazil, Duarte minimized the negative aspects of the Military dictatorship in Brazil, such as assassination and torture. When questioned by a fellow actress, Maitê Proença, about her plans to help artists during the COVID-19 pandemic, Duarte abruptly ended the interview.

On May 20, 2020, Bolsonaro posted a video to Twitter in which, alongside Duarte, he announces her transfer from Special Secretary of Culture to president of Cinemateca Brasileira, an institution in São Paulo responsible for the preservation of Brazilian audiovisual production. In the video, Duarte states that, while living in Brasília, she misses her family, and that a transfer to São Paulo would mean she could live with her relatives again. Her successor as Special Secretary of Culture was Mário Frias, who took office on June 23, 2020.

Film

 * 1968 - Lance Maior - Cristina
 * 1969 - A Compadecida - Compadecida
 * 1975 - O Auto da Compadecida
 * 1976 - Chão Bruto - Sinhana
 * 1977 - Parada 88, o Limite de Alerta - Ana
 * 1978 - Daniel, Capanga de Deus - Beatriz / Sandra
 * 1981 - The Underground Man - Luisa dos Santos
 * 1982 - O Homem do Pau-Brasil - Lalá
 * 1983 - O Cangaceiro Trapalhão - Aninha
 * 1984 - São Bernardo - Madalena
 * 1985 - Happily Ever After - Fernanda
 * 1995 - La Lona
 * 2000 - Um Anjo Trapalhão
 * 2003 - Olga Del Volga - unfinished to this day
 * 2012 - Astro: An Urban Fable in a Magical Rio De Janeiro
 * 2014 - Gata Velha Ainda Mia

Theater

 * 1966 - A Megera Domada
 * 1967 - Black-Out - uma adolescente
 * 1969 - Romeu e Julieta - Julieta Capuleto
 * 1971 - Dom Quixote, Mula Manca e seu Fiel Companheiro
 * 1975 - Réveillon - Janete
 * 1978 - O Santo Inquérito - Branca Dias
 * 1986 - Miss Banana - musical
 * 1992 - A Vida É Sonho - Segismundo
 * 2001 - Honra - Norah
 * 2005 - Coração Bazar
 * 2013 - Bem-Vindo, Estranho - Jaki

Awards

 * Awards IstoÉ Gente
 * 2006 - personalidade the year in television(IstoÉ Gente)
 * Awards Contigo
 * 1997 - the body of work (in performance in Por Amor
 * Professional Quality Award
 * 2002 - the body of work (in performance in Desejos de Mulher
 * Globe Award for Best Actress
 * 1971 - by "Patrícia", in Minha Doce Namorada
 * Press Award for Best Actress
 * 1965 - by "Malu", in A Deusa Vencida (actress revelation)
 * 1967 - by "Bete", in Os Fantoches
 * 1970 - by "Ritinha", in Irmãos Coragem
 * 1972 - by "Simone" e "Rosana", in Selva de pedra
 * 1973 - received the award for best actress in Carinhoso as another actress thought deserved the prize offered for Eva Wilma.
 * 1979 - by "Malu", in Malu Mulher
 * 1985 - by "Viúva Porcina", in Roque Santeiro
 * APCA Award / TV Actress
 * 1979 - by Malu Mulher
 * 1980 - by Malu Mulher
 * 1985 - by Roque Santeiro

title: Regina Duarte


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/DKU

This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this  page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was no consensus Tony Sidaway|Talk 07:23, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

DKU
A video game neologism. It also doesn't help that a "See also" contains a link to Stephen Hawking. --Chill Pill Bill 03:46, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. android↔talk 04:07, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, promo. Megan1967 08:17, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect Donkey Kong.  —msh210 17:45, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/DKU


text:
User:Haussaud

Wikipedia does not yet have a User page called Haussaud.

* To start the page, begin typing in the box below. When you're done, press the "Save page" button. Your changes should be visible immediately. * If you have created this page in the past few minutes and it has not yet appeared, it may not be visible due to a delay in updating the database. Please wait and check again later before attempting to recreate the page. * If this is an article page (as opposed to e.g. a discussion page): o Please do not create an article to promote yourself, a website, a product, or a business (see Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not). o If you are new to Wikipedia, please read the tutorial before creating your first article, and only use the sandbox for editing experiments. o Search for Haussaud in Wikipedia

title: User:Haussaud