text:
Talk:Near-field communication

Timeliness
Allo m8's — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.227.192.215 (talk) 01:24, 18 February 2016 (UTC) This page has some seriously out-of-date information, especially in the pilot section. I would like to update the page by doing the following: adding a paragraph about NFC tags; significantly increasing the industry application section with both existing and emerging applications; and updating the pilot programs and service launches. Nearly all of the pilots date from 2008 and earlier and thus are no longer relevant. I would update pilots with only 2010 and 2011 data, delete all earlier and unreferenced programs, add references to all programs so that they could be updated and verified more easily in the future. In addition, I or someone else should set up a new section for multi-country deployments, as a few providers have announced such initiatives. ˜˜˜˜ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rfidwriter (talk • contribs) 19:42, 27 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Many references are out of date. NFC has evolved so rapidly that even year-old references can be out of date. This article is written as a computer science advocacy paper instead of a reference. The opening paragraph needs to be understandable by all. Much information is given without citation. No History section is given so the article is a tangled web of information. I will attempt to make the opening paragraph more readable and up-to-date and add a History section to make it more understandable.—  Milominderbinder2  talk  17:08, 14 June 2011 (UTC)

Security Risks
This article does not address in very much detail the security risks of 13.56MHz and NFC - it does mentioned NFC has a serious eavesdropping risks. NFC is not permitted in any secure areas in the USA. Several cell phone manufactures have not been too enthused to adopt this as a standard because of this risk. IEEE 1902.1 is the only wireless technology that has approval for use in secure areas within the US and is in widespread use. It is true that a large percentage of the NFC signal is magnetic (about 40-50%) but what this article does not say is that at 13.56Mhz about 60-50% of the energy is an electric filed that has the ability to travel long distances. If you measure voltage on a loop antenna the E portion of the field drops off at 1/r, while the H (magnetic) drops of 1/r3. If you measure power the E field drops off 1/r2 and H drops off 1/r6. Bottom line is the E emissions provide a NFC security risk. The only way to eliminate eavesdropping risk is to eliminate E. NFC was concerned about bandwidth so decided to compromise security to get higher bandwidth. Have examples of conventional 13.56 Mhz RFID transmitter being detected 20 (twenty) miles from its source, even though the RFID tags only have a range of about 3 feet. Glad to discuss physics of this with any of the NFC group. Can assure you possible to monitor NFC signals at a distance and many papers confirm that. Most of the academic studies do tests with low cost equipment, but history has shown if money involved bad guys will develop expensive state of the art equipment and use.

I will add a section to this that I think will be balanced and objective - many articles and concerns on this topic on web - great white paper on NFC from Phillips discusses above as well.

Just because you operate in near field (usually means much below 1/10 wavelength) does not mean you don't emit far field detectable signals.

(Jkmstevens (talk) 14:05, 22 January 2010 (UTC))

Does anybody know how this is related to RFID? --144.82.240.6 15:09, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

I don't like the style of this article - it reads like advocacy. Wikipedia is not a soapbox

 * Reverted to older version. Article was a copy of http://www.nfc-forum.org/aboutnfc/ 129.27.203.169 09:07, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

NFC is RFID, or better LF and HF RFID is always NFC. UHF RFID can operate as near field communications (at short distances i.e. in a printer) but is normally used as far field communications. --Rfidguy 01:49, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

I find some important information missing in the comparison with bluetooth: is NFC capable of talking to other NFC capable phones directly? Bluetooth is. For RFID the reader is a special device. If yes, if only one of the phones is powered, is it also capable of powering the other one (just like RFID)? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.171.252.100 (talk) 13:10, 20 January 2009 (UTC)

Request photograph
Edward 14:49, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

Added an image, we have more explanatory images if required. --Timoarnall 13:46, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

List of trials
I've updated the list of NFC trials. The list is not complete as new trials are announced every week however I've tried to put a list as much accurate as possible. Curiouscitizen 10:37, 14 August 2007 (UTC)

List of trials
New update of the list. I have removed the projects of SEP (Bulgaria) and m-pay (Poland) because they are Mobile payment project based on SMS, not NFC. Curiouscitizen (talk) 16:23, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I would remove all the trials which does not have a reference. What do you think? Some of them are just a list of companies. --Ivanmilara (talk) 15:31, 16 January 2009 (UTC)

Notes and references
I have renamed the References section to be (foot)Notes and introduced a "proper" References section to hold the list of reference works (books, articles, etc.) to be used to support citations. I have also included a reference to an article to support the claim of distance "up to 10cms".--Михал Орела (talk) 09:22, 24 October 2008 (UTC)

It would now be a good idea to move relevant stuff out of the (foot)notes and into the references section proper. This will take a lot of work.--Михал Орела (talk) 09:28, 24 October 2008 (UTC)

The moving of Timo Kasper et al. 2007 from footnotes to references took about 30min. :-) But, it was a complicated reference and difficult to get right.--Михал Орела (talk) 10:04, 24 October 2008 (UTC)

Any volunteers who wish to continue the good work might like to look at Citation_templates

--Михал Орела (talk) 10:12, 24 October 2008 (UTC)

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.153.210.6 (talk) 12:14, 15 December 2010 (UTC)

Tidy up
At present, this article is a bit of a mess. It seems to have a "kitchen sink" approach, filling every section with all manner of external links, uncited quotations, non-sequitur factoids, and "wouldn't it be cool if?" sentences, with no coherent structure or explanatory aim. (Indeed, when I first read it I couldn't even get an idea of what NFC is, just what it could be used for.) I've tried to remedy this at the beginning (in the lead and in the "Uses" section), where I think clarity is most important. A similar approach is needed in much of the rest of the article, if anyone else is up for it... -- Perey (talk) 07:52, 11 December 2011 (UTC)
 * I'm hoping to pick up the torch where it got left off. I think the whole article could benefit from some restructuring, including moving the "History" section in front of "Uses" (now that the tech has been around long enough that there is a significant history), as well as unifying the "Standards" and "Standardization bodies and industry projects" sections. Additionally, is the "Comparison with Bluetooth" section really relevant to the rest of the article? Can it be removed, or perhaps combined with another section? Finally, in regards to the complaint that the article reads like an advertisement, I would appreciate any feedback as to where to draw the line between when citing specific companies' implementations of the technology crosses over from factual reporting to promotion. The "Uses", "History", and "NFC-enabled handsets" sections in particular seem to list certain products without particular reason. --FacultiesIntact (talk) 05:37, 14 November 2014 (UTC)

There's a huge run-on sentence that I'm not even sure makes sense, "NFC tags can be custom-encoded by their manufacturers or use the industry specifications provided by the NFC Forum, an association with more than 160 members founded in 2004 by Nokia, Philips Semiconductors (which became NXP Semiconductors in 2006) and Sony were charged with promoting the technology and setting key standards, which includes the definition of four distinct types of tags that provide different communication speeds and capabilities in terms of flexibility, memory, security, data retention and write endurance." I'm pretty sure the "and charged" part doesn't make sense and this needs to be split up into multiple sentences and fixed--even if it does make sense(?). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.177.47.194 (talk) 00:44, 8 December 2015 (UTC)

Application
A cell phone representative said grocery stores in the USA will soon be equipped with this technology so you just swipe your cell phone and some toll roads are already equipped with the technology. 108.81.134.236 (talk) 03:26, 23 February 2012 (UTC)

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Range inconsistencies in this article
In the opening sentence of this article, the range of NFC is given as "4 cm (1.6 in)".

In the first sentence of the Design section, the range is given as "10 cm or less".

In two places in the Bluetooth comparison section, the range is given as "<20 cm".

We need to either make these numbers consistent or explain in the article why they aren't. There's a note saying "Theoretical working distance with compact standard antennas: up to 20 cm (practical working distance of about 10 cm)", but it's down in the 4th paragraph of "Design" and marked as "citation needed." -- Gary D Robson 23:28, 26 December 2018 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gary D Robson (talk • contribs)

People Can't Memorize Computer Industry Acronyms
PCMCIA is an obsolete computer acronym. Unlimited jumbles of letters get to be too much - 50.80.242.31 (talk) 16:42, 21 November 2019 (UTC)

Tapping a card onto a fixed device that uses NFC
Assuming that the antennas for an NFC link are planar spirals, holding the portable device parallel to the fixed device antenna should provide optimum coupling. During a phone call with a well–informed person, I confirmed that tapping has no purpose, technically. After some thought (but before the call, perhaps), I concluded that asking users to tap is a really–concise way of ensuring close proximity. 2600:4040:5009:4A00:1096:8107:CAF9:710F (talk) 14:25, 11 June 2022 (UTC)

Communication from a passive device to the active device
After reading at least technical sections, I found no mention of such communication by modulating energy absorption by the passive device. Perhaps this is not done in strictly–defined NFC devices? Energy permitting, I'll study the RFID article. (Sorry, age 86, fairly severe depression...) 2600:4040:5009:4A00:1096:8107:CAF9:710F (talk) 14:36, 11 June 2022 (UTC)

Transformers are near–field devices
Being almost totally self–educated¹ in electrical/electronic engineering, but without higher math, I repeatedly came across the statement that rate of change of flux induces current in a conductor. For decades, I could not understand why a transformer doesn't shift the phase of a sine wave by 90°. A friend and neighbor who iirc had a BSEE was quite surprised by my perplexity, and said that a transformer is a near–field device. Of course! I suspect that the best tube audio output transformers (think Dynaco) were constructed to enhance proximity between primary and secondary. (The Stereo 70 transformers had bifilar primaries.) ¹ MIT Radiatuon Lab. Series; Princeton U., one term. 2600:4040:5009:4A00:1096:8107:CAF9:710F (talk) 15:00, 11 June 2022 (UTC)

 * you're referring to this i think https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_and_far_field
 * Magnetism is quite interesting. 24.19.141.129 (talk) 17:19, 9 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Near-field communication


text:
CHED (AM)

CHED (630 kHz) is a radio station licensed to Edmonton, Alberta. Owned by Corus Entertainment, it broadcasts a news/talk format, and first signed on in 1954. Its studios are located on 84th Street and Roper Road in Edmonton, while its transmitters are located in Southeast Edmonton.

CHED is the flagship station of the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League, and broadcasts Oilers Now, a daily talk show hosted by the team's radio colour analyst Bob Stauffer. The current agreement between the two parties extends through the 2022–23 NHL season.

History
Originally owned by Hugh Sibbald, LLoyd Moffat, and E. A. Rawlinson, the station first signed on to 1080 kHz at 8:00 p.m. on March 3, 1954, from studios on the corner of 107 Street and 100 Avenue in Downtown Edmonton. On May 14, 1963, at 6:30 am, CHED switched to its current frequency of 630 kHz. Beginning in 1959, CHED aired a Top 40/CHR format.

Jerry Forbes ran the first 630 CHED Santas Anonymous in 1955. The charity provided 600 toys to children in its first year and is still run annually as of 2020. In the latest edition, the toy drive provided toys to over 20,000 children.

In 1970, Bob Layton joined the station as a writer for Frank Robertson. The following year after Frank left the station, Bob went on the air as his replacement, beginning a near 50-year career in broadcasting. He would go on to win several national awards for his radio editorials.

According to the 1976 B.B.M. Weekly Reach survey, CHED was the most-listened-to radio station in Edmonton. This marked a period in which the Top-40 format lead CHED to become "thee" radio station in the region. This continued until FM frequencies began pulling listeners away and on December 1, 1993, the station relaunched with a news/talk format.

On July 6, 2000, Corus Entertainment Inc. acquired the broadcast license for CHED from WIC Radio.

Throughout the 2010s, CHED was consistently in the top 3 of the most-listened-to radio stations in the Edmonton market, with a listener share reaching as high as 11.5 in 2016.

As of February 28, 2021, CHED is the 4th-most-listened-to radio station in the Edmonton market according to a PPM data report released by Numeris.

On June 26, 2024, CHED can be heard on 880 AM CHQT. Corus has stated that the simulcast is an interim measure and will ultimately only operate one news-talk AM station in Edmonton, but has not announced whether it intends to return the CHQT station's license to the CRTC or sell the station.

Current
CHED has been operating a news/talk/sports format since 1993. The weekday morning schedule leads with the 630 CHED Morning Show hosted by Chelsea Bird. Former hosts at this station include Ryan Jespersen, who was fired in September 2020 after comments he made regarding a city councillor's staff. 630 CHED Afternoons is the other daily news/talk program featured on the station.

On April 12, 2021, the station launched a new province wide talk show along with CHQR in Calgary featuring former CHED Morning Show host Shaye Ganam.

Sports programs on the station include Oilers Now with Bob Stauffer and Inside Sports with Reid Wilkins. CHED has also broadcast all Edmonton Oilers games since 1995.

The talk show Charles Adler Tonight was syndicated on CHED every weeknight from since 2016 to 2021.

During off peak time and on weekends, the station features several local and syndicated programs. These include The Garden Show, Money Talks, The Shift, and Couch Potatoes.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: CHED (AM)


text:
Pontiac Safari

The Pontiac Safari is a line of station wagons that was produced by Pontiac from 1955 to 1989. Initially introduced as the Pontiac counterpart of the two-door Chevrolet Nomad, the division adopted the nameplate across its full-size wagon range in 1957. Through its production, the Safari was positioned between Chevrolet full-size station wagons and below its Buick and Oldsmobile counterparts. During the mid-1960s, the Safari added simulated woodgrain trim to the exterior, becoming a feature associated with the model line.

The name "safari" is derived from the Swahili word safari, which means journey, originally from the Arabic سفر (safar) meaning a journey; the verb for "to travel" in Swahili is kusafiri. As General Motors expanded into the intermediate, compact, and subcompact segments, the Safari nameplate saw a similar usage as the Estate (Buick, Chevrolet) and Cruiser (Oldsmobile) nameplates, denoting the highest-trim station wagon in each model range.

After 1989, Pontiac became the first GM division to discontinue its full-size wagons; along with model overlap between its divisional counterparts, demand for full-size wagons had been overtaken by minivans. For 1990, the Pontiac Trans Sport was introduced as the first Pontiac minivan. After 1991, Pontiac ended its use of the Safari nameplate (and production of station wagons) entirely; the GMC Safari continued through the 2005 model year.

1955–1957 (A-body)
The first-generation Pontiac Safari was developed as a divisional counterpart of the Chevrolet Nomad. The two-door sport wagon began life as a 1954 Motorama concept car derived from the Chevrolet Corvette. To decrease tooling and production costs, the design was shifted to the full-size A-body chassis (from the Corvette) to increase its sales potential; to further decrease overall design costs, the Pontiac Safari was created to share the design across two divisions.

Sharing its 122-inch wheelbase A-body chassis with the Nomad (derived from the Chevrolet Bel Air), the Safari shared its exterior bodywork with the Pontiac Chieftain. Though using the shorter-wheelbase A-body chassis, Pontiac considered the Safari part of the B-body Pontiac Star Chief series, officially designating it as the Star Chief Custom Safari (Series 27).

1955
Introduced on January 31, 1955, the Pontiac Safari served as the flagship Pontiac station wagon; at $2,962 ($0 in dollars ), it also was the most expensive Pontiac model line before optional equipment was added using the GM "A" platform. To distinguish the model from the Nomad, the Safari was fitted with a Pontiac Chieftain front fascia and model-specific rear taillamps, styled by Pontiac stylist Paul Gillan (who received a U.S. patent for the front fascia design).

In contrast with a standard two-door 860 "Colony" station wagon (also derived from the Chieftain), the Safari was styled with coupe-style front doors, forward-raked B-pillars (with windows wrapping around from pillar to pillar); along with extra chrome trim (fitted to the tailgate), the rear seat windows slid open. In line with the Nomad being derived from the top-trim Bel Air, the interior of the Safari was shared with Star Chief sedans.

The Safari was fitted with a 287 cubic-inch V8, producing 180 hp with a 2-barrel carburetor or 200 hp with a 4-barrel carburetor.

For 1955, 3,760 examples of the Safari were produced, serving as the lowest-production Pontiac for the model year.

1956
For 1956, the Safari underwent a minor exterior revision. Along with a redesign to the front and rear bumpers, the bodyside trim was restyled. As two-tone paint was standard for the model line, the change now painted the roof in the accent color; the interior also saw revisions to the seats and door panels.

The V8 engine was expanded to 317 cubic inches for 1956, with the Safari offering 227 hp in its standard configuration (single 4-bbl carburetor); an optional 216 hp version was offered (with a 2-bbl carburetor), and 285 hp (with 2x4-bbl carburetors).

While 10 vehicles were produced with a manual transmission, a 4-speed automatic transmission was paired with the V8 as standard equipment.

For its first full year, the Safari improved sales to 4,042, again serving as the lowest-produced Pontiac.

1957
For 1957, Pontiac expanded the usage of the Safari nameplate to all of its station wagons, replacing the previous 860 and 870 with Chieftain Safari and Super Chief Safari station wagons. The previous Star Chief Custom two-door sport wagon remained in production; during the middle of the 1957 model year, a four-door Star Chief Custom station wagon was introduced, named the Safari Transcontinental. In contrast to the two-door Safari and its four-door counterparts, the Safari Transcontinental was fitted with model-specific side trim (shared with no other Pontiac) and a standard roof luggage rack.

As with all Star Chiefs, the two-door Safari was fitted with a 347 cubic-inch V8, produced with 270 hp (4-bbl) or 290 hp (3x2bbl).

For 1957, the Star Chief Custom Safari declined in sales to 1,294 vehicles (1,894 Transcontinentals), again serving as the slowest-selling Pontiac; the model lost out to the Star Chief Bonneville as the most expensive model line.

In total, 9,094 examples of the A-body Safari were sold from 1955 to 1957.

1957–1989 (B-body)
For 1958, GM ended production of its two-door sport wagons, as the slow-selling Nomad and Safari had both served as the most expensive cars sold by Chevrolet and Pontiac. While the two-door sport wagons had been retired (as consumer tastes had largely shifted away from two-door wagons), both nameplates saw further use, with both divisions again using them for redesigned station wagons. Following its adoption by the B-body chassis during 1957, Pontiac returned the Safari for 1958, using the nameplate as a secondary series designation.

1958–1965
For 1958, Pontiac offered a Safari for the Chieftain and Star Chief ranges. The Transcontinental wagon returned, taking the Star Chief Custom Safari nameplate of the previous two-door wagon (the Bonneville remained a hardtop/convertible). For 1959, Pontiac revised its model range, introducing the Catalina Safari and Bonneville Safari (the Star Chief remained, becoming sedan-only). The Bonneville was offered with two rows of seating; the Catalina was offered with either two or three rows of seats.

Following a slight downsizing for 1961, the Safari returned as part of the Catalina and Bonneville series, with the 9-passenger option remaining exclusive to Catalina Safaris.

For 1965, full-size Pontiacs underwent a redesign, with the Safari again returning as a part of the Catalina and Bonneville series. For the exterior, a vinyl roof was introduced as an option.

1966–1970
For 1966, the Safari nameplate was dropped by Pontiac, as its B-body station wagons (Catalina and Bonneville) deleted the secondary series designation. For 1967, the Safari nameplate returned for the newly introduced Pontiac Executive full-size station wagon (replacing the Star Chief) and the top level Bonneville Safari, with the term "Safari" used to identify exterior woodgrain trim for the first time; all three wagons were offered with third-row seating.

1971–1976
For 1971, Pontiac revised its station wagon branding, making the Safari a stand-alone model series based on the Catalina. The Bonneville station wagon was dropped in favor of the Grand Safari, which itself was based on the Grand Ville series. In 1973 the Grand Safari also adopted exterior woodgrain trim. Officially designated as a B-body vehicle, the Safari (and its Buick/Oldsmobile counterparts) shared the 127-inch wheelbase of the C-body "senior" sedan chassis.

For 1974, the Safari again became a secondary series designation, becoming part of the Catalina range; the model line adopted the rectangular headlights introduced on full-size Pontiacs for 1975.

Glide-away tailgate
The 1971-1976 Safari wagons featured a clamshell tailgate, with separate, independently operable window and tailgate components. The rear power-operated glass could deploy from the roof as the tailgate (manually or with power assist), could deploy from a recess under the cargo floor. The power assist tailgate, the first in station wagon history, ultimately supplanted the manually operated tailgate, which required marked effort to lift from storage. Both the window and tailgate portions of the system were operable via switches on the instrument panel or a key switch on the rear quarter panel. The system, heavy and complex, made it easier to load and unload the extremely long wagons in tight spaces — for example, the entire tailgate could open inside a closed garage or with a trailer installed. But the design was not adopted by other manufacturers and would be eliminated when GM reduced the length of their wagons by about a foot for model year 1977, when the overriding concern became increased fuel economy.

1977–1981
For 1977, Pontiac downsized the Safari alongside the rest of its full-size B-body vehicles. Shedding over 1000 pounds of curb weight (dependent on powertrain), the Safari remained part of the Catalina range. In place of the previous 400 and 455 cubic-inch V8s, 301 and 403 cubic-inch V8s were fitted to the model line; a 350 cubic-inch V8 was also added as an option.

For 1979, the Grand Safari was renamed the Bonneville Safari (marking the return of the combined nameplate for the first time since 1965). As with its Grand Safari predecessor, the Bonneville Safari was distinguished by external (simulated) woodgrain trim.

Following the 1981 model year, Pontiac revised its full-size model line; the Catalina was discontinued while the Bonneville was downsized a second time (adopting the body of the four-door Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme). The B-body Bonneville was replaced with the Pontiac Parisienne in the United States (adopting a design closer to the Chevrolet Caprice). For 1982, the Safari name was largely placed on hiatus across Pontiac, replaced by "Wagon".

1987–1989
For 1987, Pontiac retired the Parisienne sedan from its model range, with the Parisienne Wagon rebranded as the Pontiac Safari, marking the first use of the name since 1981. While used as a stand-alone nameplate for its full-size B-body station wagon, the change marked the introduction of Pontiac Sunbird Safari and Pontiac 6000 Safari wagons.

As full-size station wagons were declining in demand relative to minivans in the late 1980s, the Pontiac Safari faced internal divisional competition by the higher-volume Chevrolet Caprice Estate and the premium-content Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser and Buick (Electra) Estate. While the Safari nameplate had become a part of the Pontiac model range for nearly three decades, in 1985, GMC had introduced the GMC Safari mid-size van. For the first time, GM marketed two distinct vehicles in North America with the same model nameplate in two different divisions (sometimes in the same dealer network).

Pontiac discontinued the Safari station wagon after the 1989, becoming the first GM division to end use of the B-body chassis. For 1990, the division entered the minivan segment for first time, marketing the Pontiac Trans Sport. The Safari nameplate remained in use by Pontiac through 1991, ending with the mid-size 6000 Safari (another model range replaced by the Trans Sport).

The GMC Safari ended production after 2005; as of current production, this remains the final use of the nameplate by General Motors.

Other uses of name
Alongside its use by the Pontiac B-body station wagon range (including the Chieftain, Star Chief, Catalina, Executive, Bonneville, and Parisienne), Pontiac expanded the use of the Safari nameplate beyond its full-size model range for 1961 as it introduced a Tempest Safari compact station wagon. Along with their full-size namesakes, smaller Safari wagons (from the mid-1960s onward) adopted external woodgrain trim as a distinguishing feature.

Grand Safari (1971–1978)
For 1971, the Pontiac Grand Safari was introduced, serving as the station wagon of the Pontiac Grand Ville. Slotted above the Catalina-based Safari, the model line was distinguished by its exterior woodgrain trim (a few examples were produced with it deleted). The counterpart of the Buick Estate and the Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, the first-generation Grand Safari would be the largest vehicle ever sold by Pontiac.

For 1977, the Grand Safari was downsized alongside the rest of the B-body model line. As Pontiac discontinued the Grand Ville, the Grand Safari now served as the Bonneville station wagon. In an effort to reduce branding confusion, Pontiac renamed the model line as the Bonneville Safari for 1979 (effectively returning to the name of its 1970 predecessor).

Sunbird Safari (1987–1988)
For 1987, the Pontiac Sunbird station wagon was renamed the Sunbird Safari. In contrast to full-size and mid-size Safaris, the Sunbird Safari was not offered with exterior woodgrain trim.

Coinciding with the mid-1988 update of the model line, Pontiac dropped the Safari name from the Sunbird station wagon.

6000 Safari (1987–1991)
For 1984, Pontiac introduced a station wagon bodystyle for the Pontiac 6000, replacing the previous Bonneville G station wagon as its mid-size offering. In 6000 LE trim, the model line was offered with optional exterior woodgrain trim. In 1987, the 6000 LE wagon was renamed the 6000 Safari, sharing the optional V6 of the 6000 STE.

After 1991, the Pontiac 6000 was replaced by the Grand Prix (introduced as a four-door sedan for 1990), becoming the final Pontiac station wagon.

GMC Safari (1985–2005)
For 1985, the GMC Safari mid-size van was introduced as a divisional counterpart of the Chevrolet Astro. At the time, the Pontiac Safari nameplate had been on hiatus, leading to the concurrent usage of the name by both divisions from 1987 to 1989 (GM would also do so with the Chevrolet Astro and GMC Astro).

The first (and currently, only) minivan sold by GMC, the Safari van continued the usage of the nameplate until the 2005 discontinuation of the model line.

title: Pontiac Safari


text:
User:Saskoandonov

Sasko Andonov,

A computer specialist, with a excellent knowledge of several programming languages (Delphi, C++, PHP, XHTML, Fortran, Pascal and more), excellent knowledge of administration of Microsoft Windows and Linux Operating systems, administration of MySQL and Interbase databases and of course a excellent knowledge of application programs (MS Office, Corel Draw, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Acrobat and more).

He was born in the City of Kocani in Macedonia, 1979. He graduated High School in the local Technical High School DEMAU "Goso Vikentiev" in 1998, after one year he signed on the Technical Faculty in Bitola, and still has not graduated. Now he still lives and works in the City of Kocani, Macedonia.

At the moment he is a director of SANDA - Software and Network Development Agency, an Educator in the Foundation Europe Development Center - Kocani, and a network administrator of a E-Net, WiFi WAN covering the eastern part of the Republic of Macedonia, he is also working as Web Designer, Programmer and Network administrator for a several different companies.

When it is asked, "When you will graduate Faculty?" he says "When I will find some free time", and he continues his work on the computer.

title: User:Saskoandonov


text:
Gresham Central Transit Center

The Gresham Central Transit Center, also known as Gresham Transit Center, is a TriMet transit center and MAX light rail station in Gresham, Oregon, United States. The center is a connection point for several bus routes and the MAX Blue Line. The light rail station is the 25th stop eastbound on the eastside MAX line, which was the Portland metropolitan area's first light rail line.

The transit center is located at the intersection of NE Kelly Avenue and NE 8th Street in the central part of Gresham. It is a hub for bus service to points in eastern Multnomah County and Portland.

History and description
It originally opened as a bus-only transit center in 1981, named Gresham Transit Center, in the form of multiple bus stops clustered along 8th Street and Kelly Avenue, a temporary arrangement until construction of a planned off-street facility. The off-street bus layover area – a short section of bus-only road with purpose-built bus stops – was opened in February 1982.

The adjacent MAX station opened in 1986, and the entire facility was renamed Gresham Central Transit Center at that time. However, TriMet continues to refer to it as Gresham Transit Center (or Gresham TC) on bus destination signs and bus schedules. The station originally had no park-and-ride lot, but TriMet built and opened a three-level garage with a ground-floor retail space in 1996. A 30-space bike-and-ride facility (a secured parking area for bicycles) was built later, inside the garage, and opened in July 2011.

Public art at the transit station includes Living Room, a sculpture comprising vintage furniture cast in concrete and a faux television set cast in bronze, which was installed in 2001 through a public art program. The work was subsequently removed in October 2013.

The transit center was located in TriMet fare zone 4 from 1982 until September 1988, and in zone 3 from then until September 2012, at which time TriMet discontinued all use of zones in its fare structure.

Bus service
, this station is served by the following bus lines:
 * FX2–Division
 * 9-Powell Blvd
 * 20–Burnside/Stark
 * 21–Sandy Blvd/223rd
 * 80–Kane/Troutdale Rd
 * 81–Kane/257th Ave
 * 82–South Gresham
 * 84–Powell Valley/Orient Dr
 * Sandy Area Metro service to Sandy, Oregon

title: Gresham Central Transit Center


text:
Talk:Edith Thompson and Frederick Bywaters

Categories
Articles about two persons create havoc with categories like birth years. RodC 14:43, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Easily sorted, such categories moved to redirects.--Jackyd101 23:21, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

Dorothy L. Sayers
What work was influenced by this case ? I can't think of any Lord Peter fitting this description. --89.49.190.174 (talk) 17:01, 16 November 2008 (UTC)

It is "The Documents in the Case". The book does not feature he Lord Peter Wimsey character.--Kauko56 (talk) 20:11, 18 September 2015 (UTC)

Glass or other poisons used on the victim
Referring to Edith Thompson’s letters to Bywaters the article states, ‘In these [letters] Edith Thompson passionately declared her love for Bywaters, and her desire to be free of Percy. She said on one occasion she had ground a glass light bulb to shards and had fed them to Percy mixed into mashed potato, and on another had fed him poison’.

1. This statement seems highly inaccurate to me. Edith Thompson denied all through the trial that she had ever attempted to murder her husband. However, in one of the letters (dated the 1st of May 1922, exhibit 19) there occurs a passage (the only one in the entire correspondence, in my view) which can be regarded as truly suspicious, even though in that passage there is no explicit statement that she had administered glass in any form to her husband.

But the whole problem with this correspondence is its lack of explicitness and partial lack of coherence, leading to the damaging construction that can be put on certain sentences or phrases or expressions in the context of their being given in evidence in a murder trial. If we consider the situation from a different perspective and imagine that the letters were being put in during, say, a divorce trial, the whole correspondence would be thought of as quite innocuous (except as evidence of an adulterous relationship).

2. The official pathologist, Dr Bernard Spilsbury, giving evidence at the trial with reference to his post mortem examination of Percy Thompson, said, ‘I found no indication of the presence of glass either in large pieces or in powdered particles’. He added that it was possible for glass as shards or as particles to pass through the digestive tract without leaving any trace; but being questioned farther on this point he answered to the effect that it was more likely than not that scarring would result; and that in this case he had made a careful examination of the relevant body parts and had found no scarring anywhere. Dr Spilsbury also said that he had found no indication that any kind of poison had been administered.Grobblakk (talk) 16:34, 20 December 2010 (UTC)

I've made some edits which should go some way (perhaps only a little way) to address your points here. I have to say I cannot agree that the letter of 1 May 1922 is the only one that is "truly suspicious". Her evidence at trial, although unclear, seemed to be to the effect that she wanted to give Bywaters the impression that she was willing to do anything for him, including killing her husband. I think the more plausible defence was that, whether or not the claims to have attempted to harm her husband were truly said in the letters or not, there was no evidence of complicity in the actual attack that lead to the death. Gilmorehill (talk) 17:43, 20 December 2010 (UTC) —Preceding undated comment added 15:51, 24 September 2012 (UTC)

Burial
In "Burial" it says "Avis Graydon died in 1973" AND further down it says "Avis died on 6 August 1977" Which was it?? 73 or 77? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 111.220.194.28 (talk) 09:04, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

The section on Burial is almost completely unreferenced (and it is not clear that the one reference is a reliable source). This much detail, including description of family members, seems WP:UNDUE. Cusop Dingle (talk) 19:31, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

Problem with section on 'Critiques of the case and the trial'
1. My first problem with this section is that it reads like an opinion piece. This should be a clear and concise history of objections to the verdict. Lines such as '..concedes she was an adulteress and so saint' are anachronistic in the context of a 21st Century overview of the case. [User:rainydayinjune|rainydayinjune]

2. The chronology of it is confusing. It starts with Weis in 1988-2001, go back to Young in the 20's, shoot forward to Edgar Lustgarten and Broad in the 40's and 50's and so on. Greater clarity is needed to get an historical overview of objections to the treatment of the case and the verdict. [[User:rainydayinjune|rainydayinjune]

3. Mention should also be made of criticism of the case within the House of Commons itself. The debate for the repeal of Capital Punishment in 1948 (Hansard 14 April 1948) contains the following statement. "I think that she [i.e. Edith Thompson] was hanged for adultery, not murder". rainydayinjune] —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|undated comment added 16:27, 24 September 2012 (UTC)

BBC radio 4 extra drama on
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01kkmk8 - Darling Peidi first shown 2012 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.127.127.10 (talk) 20:14, 28 May 2014 (UTC)

"Critiques of the case and the trial" section tagged original research
I see someone raised this question above back in 2012; I've added the original research template to the "Critiques of the case and the trial" section of the article. While it does contain a number of citations of facts (good), it then expresses opinions about these facts (bad) rather than documenting the opinions found in the sources, which is what a tertiary source like Wikipedia is supposed to do. I've tagged some of the more glaring examples with the "opinion" template: The section also incredibly long, making up half of the entire article's length. -Sketchmoose (talk) 16:46, 13 June 2016 (UTC)
 * "It was obvious..."
 * "A criticism can be made of..."
 * "Weis's legal criticisms are better argued by..."

External links modified
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I have just modified 2 external links on Edith Thompson and Frederick Bywaters. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070325184128/http://www.tbcs.org.uk/edith_thompson.htm to http://www.tbcs.org.uk/edith_thompson.htm

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Rene Weis
"In July 2018 an exhumation order was granted by the Ministry of Justice to René Weis, Edith Thompson's executor and heir."

Rene Weis was born in 1953. How did he become the executor and heir and why does her closest existing relative, her sister, seem to have known nothing about this. Can this be referenced, not asserted?

81.152.175.36 (talk) 18:10, 25 April 2020 (UTC)

Photo does not depict Edith Thompson
The photo captioned "Edith Thompson, circa 1920" has not been definitively proven to be a photo of Edith Thompson. It comes from a picture purportedly depicting Edith and her sister Avis at https://edithjessiethompson.co.uk/, part of a "set of published and unpublished photographs of Edith Thompson and Freddy Bywaters given to René Weis over a number of years by their families and friends and, in the case of Edith, by women who worked with her." It would have been quite easy for a photo to erroneously find its way into that album. The photo appears nowhere else, other than that website, and has not been verified.

The facial structure of the woman in the photograph is very different to Edith Thompson's. Edith Thompson has a shorter, fuller face, even at her slimmest. When she smiles, the tip of her nose visually meets her upper lip. She has a slight prognathism (protruding lower jaw/chin). She also has a relatively high forehead, and always - in every photo we have of her as an adult - wears a side-swept fringe that covers at least half her forehead. She and Avis both have high, prominent cheekbones. Edith never wears her hair swept back off her face like the woman in the "circa 1920" photograph, who has a longer, slimmer face, a lower hairline and a slightly 'gummy' smile.

The two women in the "circa 1920" photograph are also taller and slimmer than Edith and her sister Avis. The clothing in that photo - a loose, masculine blazer on "Avis" and a long cardigan on "Edith" - is also likely later than 1920, and very different to the clothing Avis and Edith were wearing in all the other photos we have of them around 1919/1920.

In short, the women in this photograph are obviously not Avis Graydon and Edith Thompson. Some friend, family member or coworker has made an error somewhere along the line and the photo ended up in an album with other pictures of Edith Thompson, who is consistently identifiable in all the other images we have of her. The photo should be removed. Sadiemonster (talk) 12:45, 28 December 2022 (UTC)

If she was pregnant, she was illegally hanged
There is nothing in the article about the horrendous event which happened after the drugged body of Edith Thompson fell through the scaffold trap, she apparently had a massive vaginal haemorrhage. There is much speculation as to why this occurred but the obvious one was she was pregnant. The event so affected the hangman John Ellis, he ultimately cut his own throat with a razor to end his life about eight years later. Apparently there is a letter in existence that states the authorities knew she was putting on weight and was therefore likely pregnant, but the need to have her hanged because the public demanded it outweighed any consideration for a pardon. “In her last month in Holloway, she put on a stone even though she was not eating very much,” said René Weis, a professor at the University College London. “A letter from the home secretary came to light a few years ago. It said he had a feeling she was pregnant, and he sincerely hoped she was, because it would mean he wouldn’t have to sign the death warrant. “If she was pregnant, she was hanged illegally.” It should be noted that after the execution of Thompson, all females hanged in the UK had to wear special pants (it's not hard to imagine what they were designed to do, hold in any viscera that might be ejected during the process).146.198.134.68 (talk) 11:10, 9 January 2023 (UTC)

 * If she was pregnant, her jailors would have noticed she wasn't menstruating. She would have known she was pregnant and would have said something about it. Menstruation involves muscle contractions and it's possible that Elizabeth normally had heavy flows, was on the verge of her menstrual cycle, and the trauma she underwent triggered heavy uterine contractions, causing the haemorrhage.
 * What a horrible thing I just typed out. I need to stop thinking about this.
 * As for public outrage about adultery, society was just coming out of millennia where a woman's only social safety net was her man's labor, so people got VICIOUS when a woman was playing fast and loose with the rules and we misinterpret it as prudishness. They couldn't apply the same standard to men because, other than catching them in the act, there was no proof other than the woman's word. And women DID lie. Oona Wikiwalker (talk) 11:10, 23 January 2024 (UTC)

Why I removed the exact locations of burials
It seems unwise to post the exact locations because it could be a draw for souvenir seekers or people with bad intent. Cemeteries are not uncommonly vandalized... Oona Wikiwalker (talk) 04:51, 20 January 2024 (UTC)

Why I removed a chunk of content
I don't think Edith Thompson conspired to kill her husband. I do know she lived in a much more misogynistic age. I am also a feminist. But neither Edith nor feminism are served by giving her a retrial in Wikipedia.

It's an encyclopedia. They're bloodless. They're nerdy. They're neutral. "Facts only, please."

And then there's copyright law.

So I removed sections that were cut and pasted from another website and also text that was opinion of the article writer. Oona Wikiwalker (talk) 21:03, 22 January 2024 (UTC)

Further explanation of why I removed the content I did
Life was unfair to Edith Thompson in the most horrific way. But life blessed her with an exemplary family. They are rightfully grateful to René Weiss and all he's done for Edith and this says a lot about them. They are good people. But this article shouldn't be about Mr. Weiss. It's about Edith. Mr. Weiss does, indeed, deserve recognition for the decades of expense and effort he's poured into righting the misogynistic evil perpetrated on her. He deserves more than to be crammed into an encyclopedia entry about Edith Thompson. He deserves his own memorial, in his own right. Oona Wikiwalker (talk) 01:28, 23 January 2024 (UTC)

Why I added biographical information about Bywaters
This article had previously been all about Edith. And she is a victim as much as Percy was. But Frederick Bywaters did all he could, up to his dying breath, to extricate her from what he dragged her into. His family suffered all the loss her family did, in addition to the feelings of guilt at producing a murderer and all the societal approbation that brought on their heads. I am not excusing what he did. But in my opinion his story, as a human being, should be here alongside hers. Please correct me if I am wrong and we can make the article even better. As things stand, I'll keep doing my bit to improve it. Oona Wikiwalker (talk) 10:05, 23 January 2024 (UTC)

Start again
This article is being used by people trying to re-write the trial. It is quite common to find advocacy groups taking over a well-known case and trying to show it was a miscarriage of justice. I suggest this article be re-written and many of the current sources should not be used, including the book by Weiss, which is not a reliable, independent, secondary source. Once that is done the article will be less that half its current length and will not read like something from the Sunday Express (which is also being used now as a RSS). What usually happens with articles like this is that someone with the time and energy gives them a thorough clean out, removes all the weasel words, employing a more neutral encyclopedic style. If Mr Weiss or a proxy is reading this, please declare yourself. Roger 8 Roger (talk) 22:25, 25 January 2024 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Turkishstudents.com

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 20:07, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

Turkishstudents.com
Non-notable, substub, for a web forum, Delete--nixie 14:43, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The web forum is in Turkish. There probably aren't many Turks with Alexa Toolbars, but its traffic rank there is 4,991,883. Site statistics: "Konu: 1,045, Mesaj: 6,592, Üyeler: 956;" no inbound links. 0 sites that link to turkishstudents.com (or with www.) via Google. Delete as non-notable. Samaritan 15:57, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Based on Samaritan's research, delete. Mgm|(talk) 20:44, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, website promo. Megan1967 04:58, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Evil Monkey∴Hello 07:19, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete--Jetru 07:54, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Pavel Vozenilek 02:10, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research

Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR) (สถาบันวิจัยวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยีแห่งประเทศไทย) is a scientific research institute of Thailand's Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation. Its headquarters is in Pathum Thani Province, Thailand.


text:
Dinerth Castle

The Castle of Dinerth (Castell Dineirth, Castell Dinerth, or Castell Allt Craig Arth) is a Welsh castle located near Aberarth, Ceredigion, west Wales that was completed c. AD 1110. It is also known as Hero Castle, presumably from the Norse hiro ("king's carl").

History
The founder is thought to be one Richard de la Mare, a follower of Richard fitz Gilbert, Lord of Clare, an Anglo-Norman lord, who, by the archaeological evidence, built it on top of a previous defensive position. The castle was razed by Gruffydd ap Rhys but probably rebuilt, as it is known to have been destroyed again by Owain Gwynedd in 1136. The castle probably spent the next fifty years passing from one feudal ruler to another: from Hywel to Cadwaladr in 1144, and then ceded to Roger de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford in 1158, who garrisoned it. Destroyed by The Lord Rhys in 1164, it came into the possession of Maelgwn ap Rhys who lost it to, and recovered it from, his brother, Gruffudd ap Rhys. Maelgwn dismantled it to prevent his lands being held by Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd. As Llywelyn then captured and held all the territory from the River Arth to the River Aeron, he conferred Dinerth on the sons of Maelgwn's brother Gruffudd as was rightfully due. The site was abandoned soon afterwards.

The site
The ruins of the medieval timber castle can be found on a hill about 1½ miles up the valley from the seaside town of Aberarth. It occupies a strategic position at the confluence of the River Arth with the Erthyg Brook, with steep ravines on all sides except the east where there is a deep ditch backed by a bank. The whole site covers about three hectares and includes two mounds, which presumably supported towers, and a series of platforms to the south where it is likely the main buildings stood including the hall. The whole site is now covered by ancient oak and beech woodland which supports a varied flora.

Arthurian legend
The site's Welsh name (lit. "Fort Bear") and a passage in Gildas's work On the Ruin of Britain., describing a receptaculi ursi (literally "bear's lair" but equally "stronghold of the Bear"), led some historians to suggest that the site might have a connection with King Arthur or his supposed court at Camelot. However, the site's name more likely derives from the nearby River Arth and the passage in Gildas, describing the King Cuneglas much more likely describes the Dark Age hillfort of Dinerth at Bryn Euryn above Llandrillo-yn-Rhos, his supposed kingdom.

title: Dinerth Castle


text:
Oliver Wolcott Gibbs

Oliver Wolcott Gibbs (February 21, 1822 – December 9, 1908) was an American chemist. He is known for performing the first electrogravimetric analyses, namely the reductions of copper and nickel ions to their respective metals.

Biography
Oliver Wolcott Gibbs was born in New York City in 1822 to George and Laura Gibbs. His father, Colonel George Gibbs, was an ardent mineralogist; the mineral gibbsite was named after him, and his collection was finally bought by Yale College. Oliver was the younger brother of George Gibbs and older brother to Alfred Gibbs, who became a Union Army Brigadier General during the American Civil War. Alfred Gibbs son, John Blair Gibbs, was the Acting Assistant Surgeon killed in the Battle of Guantánamo Bay during the Spanish–American War. His mother was a granddaughter of Founding Father Oliver Wolcott, who served as Governor of Connecticut and was a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence.

Entering Columbia College (now Columbia University) in 1837, Wolcott (he dropped the name "Oliver" at an early date) graduated in 1841. Having assisted Robert Hare at University of Pennsylvania for several months, he next entered the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, qualifying as a doctor of medicine in 1845.

Leaving the United States, Gibbs studied in Germany, considered a center of science, with Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg, Heinrich Rose, and Justus von Liebig, and in Paris with Auguste Laurent, Jean-Baptiste Dumas, and Henri Victor Regnault.

He returned to the US in 1848 and that year became professor of chemistry at the Free Academy, now the City College of New York. Gibbs was a candidate for Professor of Physical Science at Columbia in 1854, but his application was rejected because he was a Unitarian. That same year, he was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society.

Gibbs became the Rumford professor at Harvard University in 1863, a post he held until his retirement in 1887 as professor emeritus. After retirement, he moved to Newport, Rhode Island, where he worked for about a decade in his own private laboratory.

Gibbs's research was mainly in analytical and inorganic chemistry, especially the cobalt-amines, platinum metals, and complex acids. He published a number of articles related to spectroscopy and the measurement of wavelengths. Gibbs was said to have been an excellent teacher, who also published many articles in scientific journals.

Gibbs was also the founder of The Union League Club in New York City. In 1862 he proposed to fellow Sanitary Commission Executive Committee member Frederick Law Olmsted that a patriotic club be formed in New York City and in January 1863 formally proposed the same to leading men in New York City, resulting in the formation of The Union League Club in February 1863.

Commemorations

 * National Academy of Sciences, President (also a founding member), 1895-1900.
 * American Association for the Advancement of Science, President, 1897.
 * Gibbs has been honored by the naming of features in and near Yosemite National Park. Mt. Gibbs stands 3,893 metres (12,773 ft) above sea level.  Gibbs Lake is located at 2,905 m (9,530 ft) above sea level in the canyon northeast of the peak.  Gibbs Lake is formed by Gibbs Creek, originating in the upper reaches of Gibbs Canyon, and drains into Lee Vining Canyon.
 * Gibbs is one of the few scientists recognized in the United States Capitol in Washington DC. A small statue of him is on the Amateis bronze doors.
 * The Wolcott Gibbs Memorial Laboratory, a chemistry research building, was constructed by Harvard University on its campus in 1911-1913 (demolished 2001-2002). This four-story free-standing building had a footprint of 71 feet by 41 feet.  Prof. William Lipscomb did much of his Nobel prizewinning research on boron chemistry in Gibbs Lab, continuing work started at the University of Minnesota.

title: Oliver Wolcott Gibbs


text:
Andřej Studenič

Andřej Studenič (born 18 June 1977 in Bratislava) is a racing driver. Studenič started his hillclimb career in 1993, competing at a professional level until 1998 when he made the move to full-time circuit racing. He joined the Central European Touring Car Championship in 1997 with the Audi team, moving to Super Tourenwagen Cup in 1999.

After a quiet 2000, he returned to drive part of the German V8Star Series season in 2001, competing sparsely in 2002 with one FIA GT Championship race in N-GT class for Machanek Porsche. He joined the Porsche Supercup for 2003 and 2004, and in 2005, he competed in GT2 of the FIA GT Championship again, with Rudolf Machánek.

Complete Super Tourenwagen Cup results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

title: Andřej Studenič


text:
Gresham City Hall station

Gresham City Hall station is a MAX light rail station in Gresham, Oregon. It serves the Blue Line and is the 24th stop eastbound on the eastside MAX branch.

Located at the intersection of NW Division Street and NW Eastman Parkway, the station includes a park-and-ride lot.

It is near the Gresham Station retail development. It is named for the adjacent Gresham city hall, which opened in October 1979 in a new building shared with school district offices.

The station was located in TriMet fare zone 4 from its opening in 1986 until September 1988, and in zone 3 from then until September 2012, at which time TriMet discontinued all use of zones in its fare structure.

In 2017, work on an extensive renovation of the then-31-year-old station began on January 23, and the station was scheduled to close completely for six weeks, beginning on February 26, 2017. The station reopened on April 2, 2017.

On June 16, 2023, TriMet closed Gresham City Hall station's park and ride to make way for the construction of East County Library.

Bus service
, this station is served by the following bus lines:
 * FX2–Division
 * 21–Sandy Blvd/223rd
 * 82–South Gresham

title: Gresham City Hall station


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thomas Sanchez

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 20:07, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

Thomas Sanchez
Bogus entry for a imaginary wrestler, google searches do not verify anything in this article, all users other edits were reverted, delete --nixie 14:49, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless verified. Average Earthman 20:45, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, possible vanity. Megan1967 04:59, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, false article. Paulley 12:10, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable/unverified. --Chrysaor 19:38, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, possible vanity. ---LBMixPro(Holla back!)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Lobularia maritima

Lobularia maritima (syn. Alyssum maritimum) is a species of low-growing flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. Its common name is sweet alyssum or sweet alison, also commonly referred to as just alyssum (from the genus Alyssum in which it was formerly classified).

Etymology
The genus name Lobularia comes from a Greek word meaning 'small pod,' referring to the shape of the fruits; the obsolete Alyssum can be translated as 'lack of madness,' referencing the historical use of the herb as a treatment against rabies. The name of the species maritima refers to its preferred coastal habitat.

Description
Lobularia maritima is an annual plant (rarely a short-lived perennial plant) growing to 5 - 30 cm tall by 20 - 30 cm broad. The stem is very branched, with dense clusters of small flowers. The leaves are 1–4 cm long and 3–5 mm, broad, alternate, sessile, quite hairy, oval to lanceolate, with an entire margin.

The flowers are about 5 mm in diameter, sweet-smelling, with an aroma similar to that of honey, with four white rounded petals (or pink, rose-red, violet. yellow and lilac ) and four sepals. The six stamens have yellow anthers. The flowers are produced throughout the growing season, or year-round in areas free of frost. They are pollinated by insects (entomophily) as its sweet honey-like fragrance is attractive to bees, flower flies, stingless wasps and butterflies. The fruits are numerous elongated seedpods rather hairy, oval to rounded, each containing two seeds. The dispersal of seed is affected by the wind (anemochory).

Distribution
This plant is native to the Mediterranean Basin and the Macaronesia region: (Canary Islands, Madeira, Cape Verde). It is widely naturalized elsewhere in the temperate world, including the United States. There is an endemic subspecies in the local flora of the Columbretes Islands of the western Mediterranean.

Habitat
It is common on sandy beaches and dunes, but can also grow on cultivated fields, walls, slopes and waste ground, preferably on calcareous soil, at an altitude of 0 - 300 m above sea level.

Cultivation
Lobularia maritima is cultivated in gardens, with many horticultural varieties with purple or pink flowers. The plant is best planted in early spring, but requires little maintenance when growing. Although an annual, it may reseed in temperate climates. It will flower more profusely if spent blooms are trimmed. When grown in gardens, it is typically used as groundcover, as it rarely grows higher than 20 cm tall. It is also grown in cracks in paving and walls, and is especially associated with coastal locations. It prefers partial shade, and is resistant to heat and drought. Plants with darker-colored flowers do better in cooler temperatures. Lobularia maritima has high drought and heat resistance.

Cultivars
(Those marked have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.)

 * 'Snow Cloth' (white)
 * 'Royal Carpet' (purple)
 * 'Benthamii'
 * 'Carpet of Snow'
 * 'Easter Bonnet Violet'
 * Golf Series
 * 'Little Dorrit'
 * 'Navy Blue'
 * 'New Carpet of Snow'
 * 'Oriental Nights'
 * 'Rosie O'Day'
 * 'Snow Crystals'
 * 'Snowdrift'
 * 'Sweet White'
 * 'Tiny Tim'
 * 'Violet Queen'
 * 'Wonderland Copper'
 * 'Wonderland White'

Uses
The petals, leaves, and tender stems of the plant can be eaten raw or cooked.

title: Lobularia maritima


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Imperial Coalitionism

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 10:46, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Imperial_Coalitionism
I realize this page has been around since December, and a number of editors have looked at it. But - 1. - a combined Google/Yahoo search netted a total of 5 (five!) hits, 4 of which are Wikipedia mirrors. This appears to be the only independent site using this term, and it is an exact copy of the original Wikipedia article. 2. - Based on these results, I'm pretty certain that this term is some individual's neologism for the early Imperial Roman system of government. It seems to have no wider usage anywhere. 3. - not linked to by any other page on Wikipedia. I think it should be deleted as a result, but I'll be happy if someone can show me I'm wrong. -- Dcfleck 14:50, 2005 Apr 16 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism.  -- Mwanner 16:29, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Delete: not entirely convinced that it's a neologism, although the evidence does point that way; if it is, then definitely delete.  Avocado 16:59, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: entirely convinced that it's a neologism/original research. FreplySpang (talk) 20:15, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I want journal citations, or else this should be deleted as a neologism. Average Earthman 20:47, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.