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Alvito, Portugal

Alvito is a town and a municipality in Beja District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 2,504, in an area of 264.85 km2.

The current president municipal chamber is António João Feio Valério.

History
The Alvito region has been inhabited since the Neolithic, and during the period of Roman domination several villae were established nearby, later occupied by Visigoths and Moors. During the Reconquista, Alvito was conquered by the Portuguese in 1234, being later (1251) donated by King Afonso III to Estêvão Anes, chancellor of the kingdom, who promoted the settlement of the area.

The village gained a foral (letter of feudal rights) in 1280, confirmed by King Dinis I in 1283. In 1296 an annual fair was established, attesting the rapid development of the region. In 1387, King John I donated Alvito to knight Diogo Lobo in exchange for his services in the decisive Battle of Aljubarrota (1385), and in 1475 the title of Baron was granted to the rulers of Alvito.

The 15th and 16th centuries were a time of strong economic and populational development of Alvito, which reached 1700 inhabitants in 1527. The Castle of Alvito was rebuilt between 1494 and 1504, and its architecture and decoration show an interesting mix of Manueline (Portuguese late Gothic) and Mudéjar (Arab-influenced) styles, typical of the Alentejo region. Also the main church (matriz) of Alvito, in a mix of Manueline and early Renaissance styles, dates from the early 16th century.

After the 18th century, Alvito faced an economic stagnation that continued until the 20th century, and it now bets on its touristic potential. In 1993, the Castle of Alvito was turned into a luxury hotel of the Pousadas de Portugal brand.

Parishes
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 2 civil parishes (freguesias):
 * Alvito
 * Vila Nova da Baronia

Cities and towns
The municipality includes one town:
 * Alvito

International relations
Alvito is twinned with:
 * 🇮🇹 Alvito, Italy

title: Alvito, Portugal


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Davis Fields

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 09:42, May 2, 2005 (UTC)

Davis Fields
Vanity and self-promotion. (And it's talk page is nonsense.) Zzyzx11 | Talk 23:18, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 04:16, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vain resumè. Adun 19:10, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 15:08, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity and self-promotion -Rune Welsh 15:21, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Mayored to the Mob

"Mayored to the Mob" is the ninth episode of the tenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on December 20, 1998. After Homer prevents Mayor Quimby and Mark Hamill from being trampled at a convention, Homer trains to become a bodyguard and is employed by Quimby. After Homer discovers Quimby has been making corrupt deals with Fat Tony and forces him to end the deal, Fat Tony threatens to kill Quimby, leaving Homer to defend the Mayor from threats. The episode was written by Ron Hauge and directed by Swinton O. Scott III, and received positive reviews from critics overall.

Plot
While watching television, the Simpson family sees a commercial for the "Bi-Mon-Sci-Fi-Con", a science-fiction convention featuring Mark Hamill and others, and decide to attend. A riot breaks out at the convention after Hamill offers the chance for someone in the crowd to act out a scene with him. Homer notices that Hamill and Mayor Quimby are in danger of being trampled due to the riot and quickly rescues them. In gratitude, Quimby employs Homer as his bodyguard, whilst firing his current security detail for cloud watching instead of rescuing him.

Homer begins training at "Leavelle's Bodyguard Academy," where he quickly graduates and begins his new job. Homer and the Mayor get along well at first, and Homer cluelessly enjoys all of the corruption that Quimby embraces (including free beers and hamburgers). But unbeknownst to Homer, Quimby made a deal with Fat Tony shortly after Homer was employed to provide milk to the schools of Springfield. Homer discovers the milk is from rats and confronts Quimby, accidentally knocking him out a window. As Quimby hangs from a ledge, Homer makes him promise to expose Fat Tony in return for being pulled to safety. Homer then stops his kids (but not Milhouse) from drinking the gross rodent milk at school.

Quimby organizes the arrests of Fat Tony and his men, and Fat Tony openly threatens Quimby's life. Scared at having to defend Quimby due to the death threats, Homer attempts to reassure the Mayor by taking him to a dinner theater to see Hamill portray Nathan Detroit in Guys and Dolls. However, Homer finds Fat Tony there alongside his henchman, Louie, and unwittingly makes the situation worse when he follows Fat Tony's suggestion to plant a kiss on Mayor Quimby. Louie then attempts to stab Quimby, but is stopped by Homer after Hamill advises Homer to "use the forks." However, Fat Tony is still able to savagely beat Quimby with a baseball bat while Homer is distracted. After the show, Hamill comforts Homer and tells him that Quimby will be fine, and Homer helps Hamill escape from the paparazzi.

Production

Ron Hauge, writer of the episode, wanted to do an episode where he would use Homer's qualities such as oafishness, brute strength, thickness, and loyalty, for good. When Lisa says they have to go back for Maggie after the family escape the riot, Homer says "Forget Maggie, she's gone." Matt Groening claims this to be one of his favorite quotes in the show. Hamill only agreed to guest star if he was allowed to voice a character as well as himself. He stated that he loved doing the voice for bodyguard instructor Leavelle a lot more than he did providing the voice for himself.

Cultural references
The Bi-Mon-Sci-Fi-Con science-fiction convention features numerous references to the genre. As well as Hamill, guests at the convention include ALF from the television series ALF, Tom Baker in costume as the Fourth Doctor from the series Doctor Who, Gort from the 1951 film The Day the Earth Stood Still, Godzilla from the film series of the same name and Jonathan Harris in costume as Dr. Zachary Smith from the 1960s television series Lost in Space, as well as the robot from the show. Real-life astronaut Neil Armstrong is also a guest.

Among the attendees is Üter, who wears a Futurama shirt; Futurama, an animated science-fiction comedy which was created by The Simpsons' creator Matt Groening, did not premiere until the following year. Seymour Skinner is dressed as Spock from Star Trek, as are several others, and Edna Krabappel is dressed as Barbarella from the comic and film Barbarella (1968). Other costumes include Xena from the series Xena: Warrior Princess, Terminator from The Terminator film series, Griffin from the novel The Invisible Man (1897) and later the comic book series The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, as well as a Borg and Geordi La Forge from Star Trek. When Comic Book Guy meets a girl with similar interests to him at the convention, Alexander Courage's piece "Under the Spell" from the original Star Trek pilot "The Cage" plays. A booth for the comic book Roswell, Little Green Man is seen at the convention; the comic was published by Groening's Bongo Comics Group.

The episode contains multiple references to Star Wars, the film series in which Hamill starred. Throughout the episode, Hamill wears the costume of his Star Wars character Luke Skywalker, and tells Homer to "use the forks," spoofing the line "use the Force" from the franchise. The convention features a tag-team wrestling match which sees "the mighty robots" (the Cylons) from the series Battlestar Galactica fight the "gay robots" (R2-D2 and C-3PO) from Star Wars. Somebody at the convention wears a costume of the Star Wars character Chewbacca. Homer and Mayor Quimby attend a production of the musical Guys and Dolls (1955), starring Hamill as Nathan Detroit, who sings the Star Wars-themed "Luke, Be a Jedi Tonight" to the tune of "Luck Be a Lady".

Leavelle's design is based on Texan detective Jim Leavelle, as he appeared when escorting Lee Harvey Oswald when Oswald was shot by Jack Ruby. Leavelle trains the bodyguards by pretending to shoot their protectee from a grassy knoll on a cart. This is a reference to the grassy knoll at the site of President John F. Kennedy’s assassination, Dealey Plaza and a scene from the Kennedy assassination film Executive Action (1973).

The plot shares elements with the film The Bodyguard (1992), particularly Homer carrying Hamill away from the crowd at the end. Leavelle sings the song "I Will Always Love You" by Dolly Parton, which was popularized by Whitney Houston as the theme for The Bodyguard; it also plays at the end. After believing he has killed Mayor Quimby, Homer decides to take inspiration from the film Weekend at Bernie's (1989) and "use the body to stage an elaborate farce." The title of the episode is a reference to the film Married to the Mob (1988). During the Guys and Dolls scene the cast members sing a song with the musical's title to the tune of "Hooray for Hollywood", which as Hamill points out isn't one of the show's musical numbers.

Reception
In its original broadcast, "Mayored to the Mob" finished 24th in ratings for the week of December 14–20, 1998, with a Nielsen rating of 8.6, equivalent to approximately 8.5 million viewing households. It was the second highest-rated show on the Fox network that week, following Ally McBeal.

Empire named Hamill's performance in the episode as the tenth-best film gag in the show, commenting: "As a rule, celebrity cameos are rubbish, but good sport Hamill is hilarious when singing 'Luke, be a Jedi tonight' in a production of Guys and Dolls, and makes this list for urging bodyguard Homer to 'use the forks. Eric Goldman, Dan Iverson and Brian Zoromski of IGN marked Hamill's guest appearance second on a list of "Top 25 Simpsons Guest appearances" saying that much of the episode's humor came from Hamill being "a good sport about his past". In addition, Hamill ranked 18th on AOL's list of their favorite 25 Simpsons guest stars, and Total Film's Nathan Ditum ranked his performance as the third-best guest appearance in the show's history. Simon Crerar of The Times also listed Hamill's performance as one of the thirty-three funniest cameos in the history of The Simpsons.

The authors of the book I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood, wrote that "the best bits all involve either the convention or Mark Hamill's repeated attempts to not be mobbed. Sadly, the main thrust of the story – Homer's protection of Quimby from Don Tony – falls a bit flat. Nevertheless, when the jokes run free, they are of exceptionally high quality." In his review of The Simpsons' tenth season, James Plath of DVD Town notes "Mayored to the Mob" to be "one of the funnier episodes." IGN named it as the best episode of season 10. In an interview with Australian newspaper mX, season 10 show runner Mike Scully marked "Mayored to the Mob" as fourth in his top-five episodes from season 10. Screen Rant called it the best episode of the 10th season.

title: Mayored to the Mob


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Revotes on Vfd

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep due to no consensus to delete. moink 01:17, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

Revotes on Vfd
Summary:
 * Delete 15: RickK, Mackensen, Zzyzx11, Carnildo, Mike H, Postdlf, Moncrief, Grace Note, Megan1967, Firebug, Skysmith, Radiant, Calton, Korath, Feco
 * Keep 10: Pioneer-12, Master Thief Garrett, cesarb, TenOfAllTrades, Dpbsmith, SPUI, JYolkowski, Stoph, SuperDude, BlankVerse

15/25=60%. No consensus to delete. (Note, I am not using just numerics, but I'm calculating them openly as a guide for myself).

Attempt to create policy out of whole cloth in order to get a revote on a pet article. RickK 23:20, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. I was taken. He suggested it in the Vfd of his article as if something he'd found in passing, but he did NOT divulge that he had just invented it. He then begged me to use this new procedure in his stead since if he used it it would look like he was trying to save his article. So I read the rules, it said if two people changed their votes it could be used, so I dutifully started it in the hopes that it would solve the huge debate that had previously raged. I cannot say whether he was intentionally decieving me or not... Master Thief Garrett 23:39, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC) it was all a misunderstanding... Master Thief Garrett 04:12, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Where did he do the begging? I looked at both your talk pages and don't see any conversation about this. android↔talk 23:51, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, nono, not "beg" in the actual sense, but he said "Yes, I call for a revote. You seem to know the proper procedure for doing that. Since you have more experience at this then I, could you please put the header in place or whatever needs to be done? If I do it, some people will perceive it as "founder of the article bias"." so it was basically like he wanted to do it but couldn't, so I did it instead... Master Thief Garrett 00:00, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Did he actually point you to Revotes on Vfd at some point? android↔talk 00:03, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * He did mention Revotes on Vfd before on the same discussion; probably Master Thief Garrett didn't notice his hint that he was the policy's creator. --cesarb 00:14, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Of course he did, otherwise I'd never have found the page. "How does this sound? Revotes on Vfd. I would not propose a revote if I didn't think it was justified." I confess that I did not notice the hint (it was certainly no more than a hint) because he'd written like 5 paragraphs at once and I was trying to grasp the content of them. Master Thief Garrett 00:16, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Hold. We don't delete policy proposals. We either accept them or reject them. If they are rejected then they go to "rejected policy proposals". I made this proposal in a good faith effort to make the system better. Was it inspired by problems I encountered on wikipedia? Yes. Isn't every proposal similarly inspired? However, don't disparage it just because it was made quickly.

 * MTG, you misunderstood what I wrote. I never intended for the proposal to be taken as anything other then a proposal. I was told that there was no revote policy, so I said in response "How does this sound?" and "Well, for what it's worth, there's the "how to do a revote" proposal for all to consider." On the proposal page, I clearly put "This is a proposed policy." on the top of the page, and listed it on the Wikipedia policy thinktank for proposed policy accordingly. (Look at the original version of the page and you will see this. .) I made every reasonable effort to indicate that this was a proposal and not official policy. Also, knowing that some people would take things the wrong way, a couple hours after I posted it, realizing that the proposal would just cause more controversy in the short term, I said forget about it; I said that I would not ask for a revote. Then Master Thief Garett said, that, it's alright, you can ask for a revote. So, I asked him to do the how and why or whatever needs to be done so that the revote procedure would be done in a regular and traditional way and be free of any perceived bias.

 * I did not intend for Master Thief Garret to use this proposal. The fact that it was used is about the worst possible thing that could happen. The whole point of asking MTG to initiate/supervise a revote was so that it would be unbiased and done in a verifiably unbiased way. There was no attempt to deceive. MTG, I'm sorry that you misunderstood my statements. - Pioneer-12 03:29, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Hold. I second this vote. This has all been an unfortunate misunderstanding blown out of proportion, and we really need to wait until such time as this can be assessed correctly. We ideally need to wait some time for tempers to cool. Then, and only then, should we decide what to do with this. Master Thief Garrett 04:12, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment My perception is that it is all just an unfortunate misunderstanding, though Pioneer-12 might have been just a little bit to energetic in defending "boner->blunder" article. Unfortunately, this has all gotten a bit of a life of its own and I suspect the two of you will just have to sit there and watch things play out. I suggest not worrying too much about it, it will all die a natural death, and by the way I don't think anyone really thinks its a big deal. Just let it blow over and shrug it off. You might even consider taking all the relevant pages off your watchlists. Do not yield to the temptation to respond to everything. Some comments will be offbase or unfair or misunderstandings; don't try to correct all of them. We tell everyone to be bold. Well, the consequence of that is, when you're bold, you sometimes goof. And when others correct your goofs you sometimes you should just sit back and let it happen. A hundred years from now it'll be all the same, right? Cheers. Dpbsmith (talk) 10:15, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. He didn't even slap the  on it – CesarB ended up doing so. android↔talk 23:46, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * OH! You're right. I don't think that tag was even there when I saw it... Master Thief Garrett 23:57, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I was not aware that you had to use the template. I put "This is a proposed policy." at the top of the page instead. What's wrong with that? I've seen a number of proposed policies which do the same thing. - Pioneer-12 03:47, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It is a new template, created in the last month or so, to help reduce the constant confusions as to what was policy and what wasn't. Most semi-policy and policy thinktank pages have already had that added. Since I noticed yours didn't have it yet, I added it ☺. Notice that even on the edit box I said "add bright yellow box", which is almost the only real difference adding it made. --cesarb 12:08, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I accept that Master Thief Garrett was taken in by the article's author, and I bear no ill-will. I'm more concerned with clearing up the myriad redirects created by the constant page-moves. Mackensen (talk) 23:49, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. "Policy" created in bad faith, to try to save an article which ended up in VfD with such a high amount of people voting because he bragged about it on the Village Pump in the first place. --cesarb 00:08, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * ...ahhh... I wondered where they'd all come from!!! It's the biggest amount of voters I've seen outside of that Canada vs. New Zealand thing... Master Thief Garrett 00:19, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The original discussion is at Village pump (miscellaneous). --cesarb 00:23, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * ...AND HERE'S THE SMOKING GUN! Notice the "clever" attempt at rewriting history; he removed the key sentence, "Let's show those pesky deletionists who's boss.", which was in the original comment. "The only reason it even got listed on VfD is because some people misunderstood the original title.", eh? --cesarb 00:30, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * As noted below, I prefer to interpret this as evidence that he decided he ought to remove his foot from his mouth. That's a Good Thing. Dpbsmith (talk) 00:50, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Disagree. Saying that the only reason it was listed on VfD was because of the title, when it quite clearly was because of his dare, is a bit of stretch to believe was done on good faith. If it wasn't for that, I agree that there would be no problem in him removing that comment. --cesarb 00:57, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, it was on Vfd before I posted that on the commons. The article was on Vfd about 10 seconds after it was created because someone saw the name as inappropriate. I posted that bit in the commons in the hopes that the post would draw objective, open mined people into the discussion (of at least people who didn't want to see the article deleted)--people who would see the inherent usefulness of the article and help improve it, but the post clearly had the opposite effect. People seemed to take offense at being called "pesky deletionsts" (in retrospect, that's kind of obvious), and a few even seemed determined to delete the article at all costs. However, I must say that the majority of people have mellowed in the past day or so. The war drums have stopped. I actually have much more respect for the deletionist point of view now, thanks to the efforts of some very wise Wikipedians. See my home page for details. - Pioneer-12 03:39, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Changing to keep, since it looks like it will turn into a real policy proposal (and I'm convinced now it was all a big misunderstanding). --cesarb 22:35, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. For all the reasons stated by RickK. Zzyzx11 | Talk 00:10, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, discuss at Wikipedia_talk:Revotes on Vfd, and delete when it is clear that there is no consensus on the policy. Yes, I think the proposal was made for the specific purpose of keeping a article and was not made fully in good faith. Yes, I think User_talk:Pioneer-12's conduct with Master Thief Garrett was not entirely honest. I oppose the proposal and have noted at Wikipedia_talk:Revotes on Vfd that I oppose it. Oppose oppose oppose. X-treme oppose. Double-plus-oppose. However, it is a well-articulated proposal that is entitled to a discussion on the merits. Dpbsmith (talk) 00:41, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC) Hold everything while I check out what cesarb said. No vote yet. Dpbsmith (talk) 00:41, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I'm going to be perceived as a bit of a wingnut for that vote.  For what it's worth, I don't support this policy.  I think it should be allowed to live as a proposed policy for a little while so it can gather some sensible comments, then be archived as a failed policy proposal.  It will save us from having to deal with this notion the next time someone wants a recount.  Even if the policy proposal was created in bad faith, it's still an idea that is worth formally dismissing. --TenOfAllTrades (talk/contrib) 00:45, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I choose to interpret Pioneer-12's removal of the "pesky deletionists" remark as a genuine attempt to remove his foot from his mouth. Too bad about the History. So, I reinstate my struck-out comment above: discuss at Wikipedia_talk:Revotes on Vfd, and delete move to rejected proposals when it is clear that there is no consensus on the policy. Yes, I think the proposal was made for the specific purpose of keeping a article and was not made fully in good faith. Yes, I think User_talk:Pioneer-12's conduct with Master Thief Garrett was not entirely honest. I oppose the proposal and have noted at Wikipedia_talk:Revotes on Vfd that I oppose it. Oppose oppose oppose. X-treme oppose. Double-plus-oppose. However, it is a well-articulated proposal that is entitled to a discussion on the merits. Dpbsmith (talk) 00:48, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as long as notpolicy stays up top. --SPUI (talk) 00:58, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Bad-faith attempt to change policy. --Carnildo 00:59, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Mike H 01:10, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Postdlf 01:19, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, leave the notpolicy tag on it, and get author to write a policy document on how to remove obsolete or unaccepted policy documents (-: JYolkowski // talk 01:29, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. For many of the reasons above. Moncrief 01:32, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. not policy. - Stoph 01:59, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per RickK. Look, if the page changes, people can change their votes. You can message the delete voters on their talkpages and ask them to reconsider. It's often done. That route has been working quite well. Please use it rather than make up policy every time something doesn't go your way. Jeez, the one thing we are not short of here is policy!Grace Note 04:14, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, attempt to subvert the vfd process. If you have rewritten an article, you should leave a message on the voters Talk pages to argue why it should be kept. If you want an article to be recreated after being deleted you should make a request at votes for undeletion. This is the normal procedure for saving articles. Megan1967 04:20, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Subvert? There's a loaded word. It's an attempt to revise the vfd process. The current process is ridiculous. Leaving a message on every voter's talk page = cumbersome. Wrongly deleting and then having to undelete = absurd. There must be a better way.

 * The early votes were done before any discussion occured. That's like holding an election first and THEN having an official debate about the election. It makes no sense. Either some sort of process should exist to redo early votes, or voting shouldn't even happen until the relevant issues have been discussed. - Pioneer-12 09:12, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, process circumvention. Firebug 04:37, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, This is a good guideline for newcomers and dull-minded Wikipedians. --SuperDude 04:54, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - policy attempt created for a specific purpose in certain time, therefore questionable - Skysmith 08:12, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, WP:POINT okay maybe not WP:POINT, but it certainly qualifies as needless instruction creep. Thus delete. Radiant_* 11:22, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Policy proposal with suspiciously convenient timing and suspicious provenance. --Calton | Talk 11:25, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, legitimizes trolling. —Korath (Talk) 11:27, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. policies on policies and meetings about meetings... yeehaw! Feco 12:13, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP! This article in the Wikipedia namespace is properly categorized as a thinktank article, and has the appropriate notpolicy template. A vote at WP:VFD is NOT the way to handle a proposed policy that you disagree with. Blank Verse   ∅   05:47, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Destinos

Destinos: An Introduction to Spanish, also known as simply Destinos, is a television program created by Bill VanPatten, who at the time was Professor of Spanish and Second Language Acquisition at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. Running for two seasons, the show began in 1992 and was designed to introduce viewers to the basics of the Spanish language. Its 52 episodes are often used for educational purposes in schools, and are available online from the Annenberg Learner site and some local PBS stations. According to the Annenberg site, Destinos is one of the most popular series on the site to stream, and has sold more than any other Annenberg Media learning series or course.

Destinos was produced by WGBH Boston and funded by the Annenberg/CPB Project, with additional funding by the Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation.

Format
Destinos uses the telenovela (Spanish soap opera) format to teach Spanish-language communication and comprehension skills. Early episodes have English-language narration in addition to Spanish dialogue, but the English content continually decreases before disappearing entirely. The viewer is introduced to the accents, dialects and cultures of various Spanish-speaking countries.

The series consists of 52 episodes that cover the scope of Spanish grammar, including verb tenses of present, future (including future of uncertainty), imperfect, preterite, perfect, pluperfect, participles, and the present, imperfect, and perfect forms of the subjunctive. It also covers a variety of country-specific usages: for example, it uses both the verb extrañar (to miss somebody or something) and the phrase echar de menos (which means the same thing). After the early episodes, the conversation is done at more or less normal speaking speed, improving the student's comprehension. Spanish subtitles are included on both VHS and DVD versions — translations are not provided. The DVDs are available from the Annenberg/CPB project website.

An accompanying set of materials is available to complement the series; these include a set of audio tapes and a textbook, the latter of which follows the series episode-for-episode but provides a more systematic presentation such as would be used in a classroom course.

Destinos is characterized by frequent reviews of preceding episodes. This may make the series seem overly long and excessive, but the reviews provide repetition in order for viewers to retain the material. It is also characterized by the patriarchal figure Don Fernando, who - despite being on his deathbed in Episode 1 - never actually dies.

Main characters

 * Fernando Castillo Saavedra (Augusto Benedico) — The patriarch of the Destinos family was born in Spain but immigrated to Mexico following the Spanish Civil War. Don Fernando initiates an investigation after receiving a letter from a stranger, an acquaintance of his first wife, Rosario del Valle, whom he had long presumed killed in the civil war. The stranger, Teresa Suárez, lives in Spain and learned of Don Fernando's existence from a newspaper article. Sra. Suárez claims that Rosario survived the war and that she and Don Fernando have a son. Don Fernando is presently a widower and is in ill health. With his second wife, Carmen Márquez de Castillo, he had four children who are still living: Ramón, Carlos, Juan, and Mercedes. He is a retired industrialist who owns La Gavia, a vast, reconstructed estate northwest of Mexico City, D.F.
 * Raquel Rodríguez Orozco (Liliana Abud) — was born in the United States and lives in Los Angeles though she has family in Mexico and has visited there frequently. She is a lawyer contracted by Don Fernando's brother, Pedro, and the Castillo-Saavedra family to conduct the investigation. Her research leads her first to Spain to find Teresa Suárez. She subsequently travels to Argentina, Puerto Rico, and Mexico in her search to discover the truth about Don Fernando's first wife, Rosario, and the child they had together.
 * Ángel Castillo del Valle — The only son of Rosario and Don Fernando was born in Seville, Spain in 1937 and died in 1991. He lived his entire life believing his father had died in the Spanish Civil War. He grew up in Argentina, where his mother immigrated after the war. Ángel was a sailor for a short (and unsuccessful) period of time and made his living as an artist after moving to San Juan, Puerto Rico. There he married and had two children: Angela and Roberto.
 * Arturo Iglesias del Valle (Arturo Puig) — was born in Argentina and lives in Buenos Aires. He is a psychiatrist, the only son of Rosario and Martín Iglesias and half-brother to Ángel. He agrees to assist Raquel in her search for Ángel, with whom he has lost contact. Arturo also develops a relationship with Raquel during her time in Buenos Aires. This occurs around Episodio 14.
 * Angela Castillo Soto (Yasmín Pereira) — Was born in and lives in San Juan, Puerto Rico. She is the only daughter of Ángel and is a computer programmer by profession. She attended the Interamericana de Puerto Rico in San Germán but now lives in the apartment previously owned by her parents.
 * Roberto Castillo Soto (Edwin Francisco) — Was born in San Juan and currently lives in an unnamed small town in Mexico, where he is taking part in an archeological dig. The only son of Ángel, Roberto is an archeology student and is the last major character introduced in the series.

Supporting educational materials
Educational material has been released to accompany the episodes. The first episode refers to these as one textbook, two workbooks and audiocassettes. Additional material has been produced since the release of the series.

 * Student materials
 * Destinos: An Introduction to Spanish (Student Textbook). VanPatten, Marks & Teschner. 1991. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-002069-6
 * Workbook/Study Guide I (Lecciones 1-26). VanPatten, Marks & Teschner. 1991. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-002072-6
 * Workbook/Study Guide II (Lecciones 27-52). VanPatten, Marks & Teschner. 1992. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-002073-3
 * Audiocassette tapes (Lecciones 1-26)
 * Audiocassette tapes (Lecciones 27-52)

Summary
Destinos recounts the story of Los Angeles-based lawyer Raquel Rodríguez who is hired by the family of Fernando Castillo (Augusto Benedico). He had discovered that his first wife, Rosario, did not die in the Spanish Civil War as he had believed, but had survived and had an unknown child. In the course of her investigation of the case, Raquel travels to a number of Spanish-speaking areas — Seville and Madrid, Spain; Buenos Aires, Argentina; San Juan and San Germán, Puerto Rico; and Mexico — has a number of adventures and mishaps, meets a love interest (Arturo Puig) and faces a number of melodramatic conflicts.

Recurring plot elements include Raquel traveling in pursuit of the investigation, letters (primarily to determine last known addresses of people), comic mix-ups, and death (although nobody dies during the series, many characters are found to have died before then, and Don Fernando is on the verge of dying).

Details
The beginning: In a large estate called La Gavia outside Mexico City, a very old Don Fernando has been keeping a secret for some time: he received a letter, from one Señora Teresa Suárez of Seville, Spain, stating that his first wife, Rosario, did not die in the Spanish Civil War as he had thought.

Fernando's (unspecified) medical problems are increasing, however, and when he starts seeing hallucinations of Rosario he finally decides to act. He gathers his entire extended family, which includes the families of his children, Juan, Carlos, Ramon, and Mercedes, together and explains to them that he wants to find out what happened to Rosario, who was pregnant when they lost contact. His brother Pedro hires Raquel, a lawyer of his acquaintance, to investigate.

Spain Arc: Raquel first travels to Seville to meet Sra. Suárez. She meets and spends time with family members, son Miguel, and Sra. Suarez' grandson Jaime, and soon learns from them that Sra. Suárez has since moved to Madrid and won't talk by telephone. Raquel travels to Madrid; after a comic mix-up of identities and hotel rooms, where she is thought to be the winner of the Spanish lottery, she then meets Sra. Suárez's son and is taken to see her. She learns that Rosario has moved to Buenos Aires, Argentina and is given the address from Rosario's last letter. She also learns that Rosario had likewise thought Fernando had died in the war and that Rosario and Fernando have a son named Angel. In parting, Sra. Suárez's last words to Raquel prove prophetic: "Life is not all work: you also need to dedicate some time to your heart!"

Argentina Arc: Raquel then travels to Argentina to search for Rosario. When she finds that Rosario no longer lives at the address on the letter Sra. Suárez gave her (the Estancia Santa Susana, a real tourist ranch near Buenos Aires), she follows a lead from a local gaucho, happens upon the office of psychiatrist Dr. Arturo Iglesias, and soon finds out he is Angel's half-brother and a son of Rosario. Arturo takes Raquel to the family crypt, and there, Raquel discovers that Rosario had actually died. For years, Arturo has been estranged from Angel, whom he blamed for his father's deadly heart attack. Arturo and Raquel begin a long search for acquaintances of Angel in his last known location, an Italian seaport neighborhood of Buenos Aires called La Boca. Armed only with a picture of a 20-year-old Angel, they eventually find an outgoing old sailor named Héctor Condotti, who remembers his good friend Angel. After several days, during which Raquel and Arturo start to develop a romance, Héctor produces a letter with Angel's address in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Puerto Rico Arc: Raquel then flies to San Juan and goes to the address in Old San Juan. From a neighbor, Raquel finds out that Angel died only a few months ago and had a wife who died several years before. While photographing the grave of Angel, Raquel runs into Angel's daughter, Angela. She tells Angela the whole story, including that she has a grandfather in Mexico and an uncle in Argentina she has never heard of. Raquel also finds out that Angela has a brother, Roberto, living in Mexico. Angela's stern aunt Olga does not want her to travel to Mexico with Raquel, but after a trip to see her grandmother in San Germán, her grandmother gives her blessing to travel. Along the two-hour trip to San Germán, they have car trouble and must stay overnight in Ponce.

Finally, we meet Angela's boyfriend and nauseating mujeriego ("womanizer"), Jorge. He makes several clumsy passes at Raquel. A mild fight between Raquel and Angela ensues; not because Raquel tells Angela about the passes (she decides not to based on advice from her mother), but because Angela thinks the world of him and wants to give him a significant amount of money to start a theater. Nonetheless, Raquel and Angela are about to travel together to Mexico when they learn that Angela's brother Roberto has been trapped in an archaeological excavation in Mexico.

Mexico/Rescuing Roberto Arc: Raquel and Angela travel to Mexico, where they quickly drive to a small town where Roberto is trapped in a pre-Columbian excavation. Arturo was to meet them in Mexico City, but they cannot get in contact with him, so he spends several days in Mexico City wondering what happened to them, while they stay at a local church. Several episodes (possibly the slowest in the series) pass where Raquel and Angela are waiting for Roberto to be rescued and Arturo is wondering what happened to Raquel. Finally, Roberto is rescued and Angela and Roberto meet their uncle Arturo.

Love Triangle Arc: After Raquel calls her mother back in Los Angeles to catch up, her mother hatches a scheme to get Raquel back together with Luis, an old boyfriend. Luis called and talked to Raquel's mother and began trying to get back into Raquel's life. Luis impressed Raquel's mother with his apparent maturity and wealth, so, despite her advice to Raquel not to get mixed up in other people's lives, and despite her husband's misgivings, she invites Luis down to Mexico unbeknownst to Raquel. Arturo and Luis meet, resulting in some tense moments, but they generally get along well, leaving Raquel wondering what is happening.

Finally, Arturo meets Raquel's parents. Arturo finds Raquel's father is amiable but her mother is clearly not. Raquel had by now figured out that her mother asked Luis to come down to Mexico, and a fight between the two ensues. Her mother finally admits that the only reason she's opposed to Arturo is that she's afraid that Raquel, their only daughter, will move to Argentina with Arturo. After Raquel assures her she will not leave her parents alone, her mother has a change of heart. When Luis presents Raquel with tickets to go away for a romantic weekend with him, she tells him that there is no chance. Luis leaves a good-bye note for Raquel and returns to the United States.

Family Problems Arc: Meanwhile, after Don Fernando is transported to Guadalajara to see a medical specialist, a financial irregularity comes to light. Don Fernando's son Carlos has been embezzling money from the family company's office in Miami. It turns out that his wife, Gloria, is a gambling addict and Carlos took the money to bail her out. The whole family company (including the La Gavia ranch) is endangered. Because of this, they close the Miami office and consider selling the ranch. Another monetary difficulty arises, this time between Angela and Roberto, over the fact that she wants to give her part of the money from the sale of their father's home to her Jorge. Avuncular Arturo starts playing mediator and tries to talk them through the situation.

Doubts (Review Arc): Finally, they all meet Don Fernando. It is a happy meeting, though Fernando is near death, so when Don Fernando suddenly walks in on their reunion dinner fully dressed and looking quite a bit stronger, they are all confused. To their amazement, Don Fernando tells them that he doubts their story: he does not believe that Arturo is really his step-son and Angela and Roberto are really his grandchildren. This device gives Raquel an opportunity to review the entire series, which takes four episodes.

At Long Last (Final Arc): At last, Don Fernando is convinced, not just because of Raquel's recounting and documentation, but because Angela produces a matching wedding cup that was passed from Rosario to Angel, to Angela's grandmother, to Angela. Another plot element is tied up when it turns out that Don Fernando has been squirreling away money all along, with the intention of turning the family ranch into an orphanage after his death. Carlos loves kids, having taken care of their kids while Gloria was out gambling, so they name Carlos the leader of the new orphanage.

Finale: To wrap up the series, Arturo expresses his interest to move to Los Angeles to be with Raquel, since he has no family and few friends in Argentina.

Trivia

 * Augusto Benedico died before filming was finished; the ending used previously shot footage of Don Fernando.
 * Maricarmen, daughter of Ramón and granddaughter of Don Fernando, is the real-life daughter of Liliana Abud.
 * Pati's assistant in the theater production in New York City is played by series creator VanPatten.
 * Jorge Martínez de Hoyos (playing Pedro) was familiar to American viewers from his role as Mexican villager Hilario in the 1960 film The Magnificent Seven.
 * Both Arturo and Luis have the name Arturo in real life.

Nuevos Destinos
A follow-up story, Nuevos Destinos was produced by WGBH and McGraw-Hill for Annenberg in 1997. It revisits the Destinos story six years later as Raquel encounters a new family mystery. The episodes are only 15 minutes long in this sequel, and some major characters from the earlier series, such as Arturo, do not appear outside of flashbacks but may be mentioned or play a role behind the scenes. Nuevos Destinos includes about three hours of video, with an accompanying immersive CD-ROM that allows the user to help Raquel discover what is going on.

Other versions
A French-language version of Destinos was produced as Destinos: Une introduction à l'espagnol, wherein the English-language narration was removed and replaced by French-language narration. This version was broadcast on Télé-Québec, in Quebec, Canada from 1997 to 2001.

Places featured

 * Mexico
 * Mexico City
 * Guadalajara
 * Spain
 * Sevilla
 * Madrid
 * Argentina
 * Buenos Aires
 * La Boca
 * Recoleta
 * Puerto Rico
 * San Juan
 * Viejo San Juan
 * Ponce
 * San Germán
 * Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico
 * United States
 * Miami
 * New York City
 * Los Angeles

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Talk:Michael Winslow

Link cleanup
Removed 2 dead links, don't mind me.. Liquidborn (talk) 14:12, 13 September 2015 (UTC)

Police Academy 8
Is in the works...though the punchline or gag off one a show states it being non-existant. Majinsnake (talk) 13:21, 22 March 2013 (UTC)

Untitled
The home page for ths school he attend is at Lisa Maile. I'm not sure what the precise title of the school is (and if it's so famous how come I can't get a higher google hit rate than I am?)

Mention of the appearance at the Alamo
He was at the ALamo Drafthouse movie theater this year. Should this be mentioned? —Preceding unsigned comment added by User: (talk • contribs)

How is that relavent? Parcanman (talk) 03:20, 22 July 2010 (UTC)

Vinslöv?
I heard that his family came from the Swedish village sv:Vinslöv, thus the name Winslow. Can this be confirmed? Battra 17:41, 18 April 2006 (UTC)
 * He certainly looks Swedish. Noam Chomsky —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.113.104.47 (talk • contribs) 18:38, 3 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, given that Swedish immigrants came to USA a long time ago, it is not impossible that for example Michael Winslow would have some swedish ancestor. But after noting that Winslow is a common name in England and USA I think that the person who wrote that he had ancestors from Sweden must have had incorrect information. --Battra 18:56, 18 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Sounds like a pretty stupid joke. — Mütze 18:40, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

Denys Volkov
From the article: 'Ukrainian comedian Denys Volkov is also heavily influenced by Winslow's work and is said to have coveted him bereft of a template in developing his comedy-opera "Soviet Factory #2."'

Huh? ObtuseAngle 00:35, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

Kellen Winslow, Jr.?
Future hall-of-famer? Really? I'd suggest deletion of that mention until he actually strings together a few standout seasons. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Maxheritage (talk • contribs) 19:56, 7 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I took that down. I also removed the references to being related to either of the Kellen Winslows, that seems completely unsourced. If anyone has a reference for it, please add it. Snowfire51 (talk) 20:04, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

Unclear grammar?
I don't understand what the first bullet point under "References in other media" is trying to say. Am I just missing the point, or is there some grammar issue going on there? Ogwondermike (talk) 01:01, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

no its correct grammar, it took me awhile to undertsand it too. it is saying that if u didnt have ESPN's constant update, your knowledge about sports would be as old as Michael Winslow's Tq6993 (talk) 02:33, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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Appearance in 'The White Shadow" TV show.
Acted in "The White Shadow" episode "Psyched Out" broadcasted on February 23, 1981. He was the psychotic student who tormented a new English teacher.76.103.207.27 (talk) 09:08, 22 March 2021 (UTC)

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Barrancos

Barrancos ( Barranquenho: Barrancu ) is a town and a municipality in Portugal. With a population of 1,834 in 2011, it is the least populated municipality in mainland Portugal. Its area is 168.42 km2.

The municipality is composed of one parish, being one of the six Portuguese municipalities composed of only one parish, and is located in Beja District, close to the Spanish border.

Among its economic activities are agriculture and livestock rising, being a production center for Barrancos ham, a type of presunto (dry-cured ham), similar to the jamón ibérico, made from Black Iberian Pig (also known as Porco Alentejano).

The present Mayor is António Pica Tereno, elected by the Unitary Democratic Coalition.

The municipal holiday is August 28. Barrancos is famous in Portugal for its festival, which takes place each year during the last four days of August, and where traditional bullfighting occurs in the town's main square.

History
The territory where the Barrancos municipality stands today was initially conquered from the Moors in 1167, by Gonçalo Mendes da Maia, and the area's population was ordered by D. Sancho I in 1200. The original municipality was then located in the village of Noudar, which would only be definitively incorporated in the Kingdom of Portugal in the year 1295, when it was granted foral by D. Dinis. Noudar village was extinct in 1825, beginning a slow process of abandonment and migration to Barrancos.

Noudar, with its castle and old village ruins, is today one of the landmarks of the region. It is located 12 km to the northwest of Barrancos.

Language
In Barrancos, the Barranquenho language is spoken. Since 2021, this language is protected in the municipality.

Notable people

 * Paulo Guerra (born 1970 in Barrancos) a Portuguese former long-distance runner who specialized in the 10,000 metres and cross-country running

title: Barrancos


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User talk:Savirr

Your University of Durham edit summary: Corrected dates in introduction; removed implication that Oxford and Cambridge are chartered

Well, Oxford and Cambridge ARE chartered; Oxford has at least one charter, granted by the pope in 1214; while Cambridge has at least one granted by Edward I in 1291. It's true, though, that both universities predate any charter; and you are of course right in correcting the dates. TSP 23:25, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Open University Students Association
An article that you have been involved in editing, Open University Students Association, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Worcester Students Union. Thank you. Knock-Off Nigel (talk) 11:54, 3 March 2008 (UTC)

Nature of graduation ceremonies
I have just read the discussion on the Open University talk page about the nature of Open University graduation ceremonies. Since it is rather an old debate I thought I'd send you this message and then copy it to the page, otherwise it probably wouldn't be read. I think that the University of London must confer degrees in a similar way. I have here my certificate from the University of Lonon, which reads

N, having completed the approved course of study and passed the examination has this day been admitted by The School of Oriental and African Studies to the University of London Degree of Master of Arts with Distinction in [Subject] [signed] Director and Principal, The School of Oriental and African Studies [and] Vice-Chancellor 1 December 2006 [The Seal of the University of London]

By 1 December 2006 I did not even have my results and received this certificate long after the degree was conferred. Then only on 29 July of the following year was there a graduation ceremony (which I did not attend). Surely my degree was actually conferred, retrospectively, when the seal of the University was applied to the certificate. The ceremony was, I think, just for show. On the other hand I have from Oxford a certificate thus:

''This is to certify that N [College] satisfied the Examiners in the Final Honour School of [School] on [date] and was placed by them in [class] and, having satisfied all the conditions prescribed by the Statutes of the University, was on 23 October 2004 admitted to the Degree of [DEGREE] University Offices, Oxford. 24 January 2008 [signed] Registrar [sealed]''

23 October was the date of the ceremony.

Also interesting is the the name of my degree from Oxford is just 'Bachelor of Arts', with no mention of the subject or class (which is reflected in the programme for the ceremony) whereas I think my University of London degree is actually 'Master of Arts with Distinction in [Subject]'. It will be interesting to see what happens if I try to graduate with an MA in another subject from the University of London. At Oxford it would be absolutely impossible - when you have been admitted to the degree of, say, Bachelor of Arts, if you take another Final Honour School you cannot enter the degree for a second time.

cc. Timrollpickering.--Oxonian2006 (talk) 15:02, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:53, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Savirr


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Lorenzo Campeggio

Lorenzo Campeggio (7 November 1474 – 19 July 1539) was an Italian cardinal and politician. He was the last cardinal protector of England.

Life
Campeggio was born in Milan, the eldest of five sons. In 1500, he took his doctorate in canon and civil law at Bologna and married Francesca Guastavillani with whom he had five children. When she died in 1509, Campeggio began an ecclesiastical career under Pope Julius II's patronage.

He was soon appointed to two diplomatic missions, both against the Council of Pisa, first to the emperor Maximilian I, who gave him the Bishopric of Feltre in 1512 (held until 1520), and then in 1512–13 to the Duke of Milan. In 1513 he returned to Germany seeking a league against the Turks. Pope Leo X made him a Cardinal on 1 July 1517, and Maximilian made him Cardinal–protector of the Holy Roman Empire. On 3 March 1518, he was sent to England as part of Leo's peace policy. This gave Thomas Wolsey a chance to become legate himself by using permission for Campeggio to enter England as leverage and then to outmanoeuvre the new legate when he arrived, taking over the process of peace-making, which led to the Treaty of London in 1519. He was also a member of Johann Goritz's humanist sodality.

Campeggio was appointed cardinal–protector of England on 22 January 1523. He was not involved in much English business, except for the referring of episcopal provisions in consistory. The election of Pope Adrian VI in 1522 cemented his position in the Roman Curia.

Campeggio wrote his De depravato statu ecclesiae for Adrian, which proposed radical reforms for the papal bureaucracy. On 2 December 1524, he received the bishopric of Salisbury, which he had been promised in 1518. The election of Pope Clement VII in 1523 further exalted Campeggio's power. Clement made him bishop of Bologna on 2 December 1523 (held until 1525) and then on 9 January 1524 legate to the Diet of Nuremberg.

During the sack of Rome in 1527, Campeggio lost everything. Clement, who fled to Orvieto, left him behind as papal legate in the city just when the English political situation required his attention. Wolsey and Henry VIII expected his support for their proposal that a papal co-legate should decide Henry's annulment from Catherine of Aragon in co-operation with Wolsey. Campeggio had, however, already given a legal opinion to the Pontiff supporting the validity of the marriage.

Nevertheless, he was named legate on 8 June 1528, after a joint commission with Wolsey had been agreed on 13 April. Campeggio arrived in London on 8 October 1528 and held the first of many sessions with Wolsey and Henry, the first English King to sue before a papal judge in person.

Campeggio found himself in a difficult position since Emperor Charles V, Catherine of Aragon's nephew, was determined to maintain the marriage and pressured Clement. The deciding point in law for Campeggio was Julius's dispensation for Henry and Catherine's marriage. In Catherine's possession from early in 1528, she showed it to Campeggio in October, and he took it to invalidate his commission since the latter failed to cover the document. He tried to make the case disappear on 23 July 1529 by proroguing it until October, but this was forestalled by the Pope sending the matter to Rome a week earlier. On his way back to Rome, Campeggio met Charles and Clement in Bologna, where the Pope gave Campeggio the castle of Dozza, and the Emperor took Campeggio's family under his patronage. Charles later (2 September 1530) gave Campeggio the Spanish bishopric of Huesca and Jaca, which he held until 17 June 1534 when he became bishop of Candia (Crete) (until 1536); in 1532, moreover, when making Campeggio's son Gianbattista bishop of Majorca, the emperor reserved the administration of the see to the young man's father. Campeggio was legate to the Diet of Augsburg in 1530, where he pursued negotiations with Philip Melanchthon.

By 20 May 1531, Henry had dismissed Campeggio as legate. In August 1533, he lost the revenues of Salisbury, and on 21 March 1534, was deprived of the bishopric by an act of Parliament; also deprived was Girolamo Ghinucci, Bishop of Worcester. Campeggio was a commission member which excommunicated Henry in 1535. He remained protector of Germany until his death, at the same time devoting much energy to insuring the future of his family; his two sons, two brothers, and one nephew all became bishops. He was named legate to the general council called first at Mantua and then at Vicenza, but he attended only the first session in May 1538. He died on 25 July 1539, aged sixty-four, and was buried in Santa Maria in Trastevere; in 1571, at least some of his bones were transferred to the church of Santi Marta e Bernardino that he had built in Bologna.

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Abdul Aziz Said

Abdul Aziz Said (September 1, 1930 – January 22, 2021) was Professor Emeritus of International Relations in the School of International Service at American University, Washington, D.C., and founding Director of the university's International Peace and Conflict Resolution Division. Said was well known for helping shift the focus of International Relations theory from real politic-based on the concept that the law of power governs states, to new world order-based on cooperation and common security. Starting in the 1990s Said focused his work on peace and conflict resolution and later explored the relationship between spirituality and religion in international politics.

Said was the first occupant of the Mohamed Said Farsi Chair of Islamic Peace and Director Emeritus and Founder of the Center for Global Peace. He was called by the university AU's “Living Legend of Peace” and a singular institution promoting peace by the Washington Post Magazine. He actively engaged in many conflict resolution projects, including the Israeli-Palestinian peace talks and the Iraq conflict. Dr. Said holds the distinction of the longest teaching tenure at AU having started teaching in 1956 until retiring in 2015. He is the author and editor of 25 books and over 100 papers. He developed over a dozen educational and research programs. Said has served as an advisor to numerous US and international agencies, including the Carter and Bush administrations, the United Nations, the US Department of State, and UNESCO. He has also served on numerous Boards, including Human Rights International and The Center for Religion and Diplomacy. He was the recipient of numerous awards, including The International Studies Association's “Distinguished Scholar in Peace Studies and the El-Hibri Peace Education Prize

Editorial boards

 * American Senator
 * Human Rights Quarterly
 * International Journal of Nonviolence
 * Journal of Peacebuilding and Development
 * Peace Review
 * Kosmos Journal

Membership on boards of directors and/or advisors

 * Center for Democracy and Election Management (CDEM)
 * Center for Peace Building International
 * Center for the Study of the Presidency: National Committee to Unite a Divided America
 * Council on Foreign Relations: Power-Sharing and Minority Rights in Iraq
 * Council on US-Syrian Relations
 * Creative Peace Building Initiatives
 * Ecumenical Council of Washington, DC
 * El Hibri Charitable Foundation
 * Findhorn Foundation, Scotland
 * Fulbright Senior Specialist Program
 * Global Alliance for Transnational Education (GATE)
 * Global Education Associates
 * Human Rights International
 * Institute on the United States in World Affairs
 * International Association of University Presidents: U.N. Commission on Arms Control
 * International Center for Religion and Diplomacy
 * International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX)
 * International Studies Association
 * Jones International University-University of The Web
 * Joint Program on Conflict Resolution (Institute for Victims of Trauma)
 * Karamah – Muslim Women Lawyers for Human Rights
 * Library of Congress, Search Committee for Selection of Director of Islamic Programs
 * Mohamed S. Farsi Foundation
 * National Peace Foundation
 * National Youth Advocate Program
 * Nonviolence International
 * Peacebuilding & Development Institute
 * Search for Common Ground
 * Seven Pillars House of Wisdom
 * The Omega Institute
 * Washington National Cathedral Interfaith Curriculum Advisory Council
 * Youth Advocate Program International

US Government

 * Agency for International Development, Grantee
 * Department of Defense, Consultant
 * United States Institute of Peace, Workshop on Islamic Perspectives on Peace and Violence, Co-Chair
 * United States Intelligence Community, Defense Intelligence School (now the National Intelligence University), Lecturer

Department of State

 * Bureau of Intelligence and Research, “Negotiated Solutions for the Crisis in Syria Group,” Participant
 * Democratic Principles Group, “Future of Iraq Project,” George W. Bush Administration, Member
 * Foreign Service Institute, Status of Lecturer
 * Undersecretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, George W. Bush Administration, Advisor

Defense, Lecturer

 * Army Infantry Academy, Fort Benning
 * Army Sergeant Academy, Fort Bliss
 * Industrial College of the Armed Forces
 * US Marine Corps and Command Academy and Staff College
 * US Air Force Academy
 * US Coast Guard Academy
 * US Naval War College
 * West Point Military Academy
 * US Information Agency (USIA), “Speaker and Specialist Program,” Lecturer throughout the Middle East and Persian Gulf, Europe, Latin and South America, North, East, and Sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia (1964-1999)

White House

 * “Committee on the Islamic World,” Member, President Jimmy Carter Administration
 * Executive Office of the President, National Security Council, “Islam and US Foreign Policy,” Presenter, President Bill Clinton Administration
 * White House Annual Conference on Children and Youth, “Youth and Bureaucracy,” Presenter, President Richard Nixon Administration

International Public Service

 * Arab-Israeli Peace Dialogues (various Tunis, US, Austria, Jordan), Participant
 * Omani Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Diplomatic Institute, Committee Member

United Nations

 * Development Programme, Consultant
 * Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Consultant

University service

 * Committee on Academic Development, Chair
 * Faculty Relations Committee of the American University, Member and Chair
 * Library Committee of the American University, Chair
 * Presidential Search Committee of The American University, Member
 * School of International Service Term Faculty Action Committee, Member and Chair
 * School of International Service, International Relations Sub-Faculty, Chair
 * School of International Service, President of Faculty
 * School of International Service, Rank and Tenure Committee, Member and Chair
 * The American University Faculty Senate, Member and Chair
 * The American University, The Scholar Diplomat Program, Moderator
 * University Admissions Committee, Member and Chair
 * Various School of International Service Faculty Search Committees, Chair

Programmatic contributions
Contributions include developing the following educational, research and outreach programs and activities:

 * AU Center for Global Peace
 * Center for Cooperative Global Development
 * Center for Mediterranean Studies
 * Community for Social Change and Political Participation in the Middle East and Africa
 * Consortium PhD in Islamic Studies, greater Washington consortium
 * Creative Peacebuilding Initiatives
 * International Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution
 * Project PEN: Peace and Conflict Resolution Education for Public School Students in Washington, DC
 * Islamic Peace Studies
 * Mohamed Said Farsi Chair of Islamic Peace
 * Summer Institute for Teachers: Education for Global Citizenship
 * Washington Semester in International Peace and Conflict Resolution
 * Washington Semester in Islam and World Affairs
 * Washington Semester in Foreign Policy

Awards

 * Delta Phi Epsilon Pi, “Award for Service and Excellence”
 * “El-Hibri Peace Education Prize,” First Recipient (2007)
 * The Inter-American Defense College, “Diploma Honoris Causa” Continental Defense
 * International Political Science Association, “Teh-Kuang Chang Award for Outstanding Scholar on Asian and Pacific Studies Award” (2018)
 * International Studies Association, “Distinguished Scholar of Peace Studies Award”
 * The Mahatma Gandhi Foundation, Fourth Annual “Fellowship of Peace Award” (2007)
 * Mortar Board, “Outstanding Faculty Award”
 * The National Endowment for Democracy, Grantee
 * Phi Epsilon Pi National Jewish Fraternity, “Living Legend Award” (2004)
 * Search for Common Ground, “Certificate of Appreciation for Extraordinary Service”
 * The Rockefeller Foundation, Grantee
 * The United States Institute of Peace, Grantee
 * United States House of Representatives, “House Speaking Series Award”
 * Young Presidents’ Organization, Named among the “Top 200 YPO Lecturers Internationally”
 * Who’s Who in America, 43rd Edition, Listed

Scholarships and Named Funds

 * Abdul Aziz Said Chair in International Peace and Conflict Resolution, American University
 * Abdul Aziz Said Graduate Scholarship in Peace and Conflict Resolution Studies, American University
 * Abdul Aziz Said Peace and Conflict Resolution Fund, American University
 * Abdul Aziz Said Phi Epsilon Pi Scholarship, American University

American University Awards

 * African Students’ Association Award
 * “Darrell Randall Award for Outstanding Service to the University”
 * Distinguished Service in the School of International Service: 1957-2015 (2015)
 * Distinguished Service to the University, College of Public Affairs
 * Faculty Excellence Award
 * Golden Eagles Reunion, Honorary Chairman (2009)
 * Graduate Student Association, “Outstanding Service Award”
 * Honors Program, Honors Professor of the Year (2007-2008)
 * Outstanding Contribution to Academic Development
 * Outstanding Scholarship, Research and Professional Contributions (2009)
 * Office of Multicultural Affairs, “Multicultural Award”
 * School of International Service Fall Annual Dinner, Honoree (2006)
 * University Faculty Outstanding Service
 * Washington Semester Program, “Best Speaker Award”

Selected works

 * Minding the Heart, Forthcoming.
 * “Peace, the Inside Story”, Forthcoming.
 * “Searching for Common Grounds and Partnerships for a Better World” New Beginning: From Discourse to Action ed. Moshen Youssef. Forthcoming.
 * Said, Abdul Aziz; "Localizing Peace: An Agenda for Sustainable Peacemaking," (co-authored with Nathan Funk), Peace and Conflict Studies, Spring 2010, 17.1.
 * Said, Abdul Aziz; Peace as a Human Right: Towards an Integrated Understanding, (co-authored with Charles Lerche) in Human Rights and Conflict:  Exploring the Links Between Rights, Law, and Peacebuilding (Eds.) Julie Mertus and Jeffrey W. Helsing, United States Institute of Peace, December 2006.
 * Said, Abdul Aziz; Contemporary Islam: Dynamic, Not Static, co-edited with Meena Sharify-Funk and Mohammed Abu-Nimer, 2006.
 * Said, Abdul Aziz; Bridges, Not Barriers, Essays on Exploring a Global Dream, The Fetzer Institute, Summer 2006, Essay Number 1.
 * Said, Abdul Aziz; The World of Islam, with Abdul Karim Bangura. Pearson Custom Publishing, 2004.
 * Said, Abdul Aziz; "Vision 20/20: Future of the Middle East," editor, Search for Common Ground, 2001.
 * Said, Abdul Aziz; Protagonists of Change: Subcultures in Development and Revolution, ed., Spectrum Books, Prentice-Hall, 1971.
 * Said, Abdul Aziz; Bridges, Not Barriers, Essays on Exploring a Global Dream, The Fetzer Institute, Summer 2006, Essay Number 1.
 * Said, Abdul Aziz; The World of Islam, with Abdul Karim Bangura. Pearson Custom Publishing, 2004.
 * Said, Abdul Aziz; "Vision 20/20: Future of the Middle East," editor, Search for Common Ground, 2001.
 * Said, Abdul Aziz; Protagonists of Change: Subcultures in Development and Revolution, ed., Spectrum Books, Prentice-Hall, 1971.
 * Said, Abdul Aziz; "Vision 20/20: Future of the Middle East," editor, Search for Common Ground, 2001.
 * Said, Abdul Aziz; Protagonists of Change: Subcultures in Development and Revolution, ed., Spectrum Books, Prentice-Hall, 1971.
 * Said, Abdul Aziz; Protagonists of Change: Subcultures in Development and Revolution, ed., Spectrum Books, Prentice-Hall, 1971.
 * Said, Abdul Aziz; Protagonists of Change: Subcultures in Development and Revolution, ed., Spectrum Books, Prentice-Hall, 1971.
 * Said, Abdul Aziz; Protagonists of Change: Subcultures in Development and Revolution, ed., Spectrum Books, Prentice-Hall, 1971.
 * Said, Abdul Aziz; Protagonists of Change: Subcultures in Development and Revolution, ed., Spectrum Books, Prentice-Hall, 1971.
 * Said, Abdul Aziz; Protagonists of Change: Subcultures in Development and Revolution, ed., Spectrum Books, Prentice-Hall, 1971.
 * Said, Abdul Aziz; Protagonists of Change: Subcultures in Development and Revolution, ed., Spectrum Books, Prentice-Hall, 1971.

title: Abdul Aziz Said


text:
User:80N/sandpit/Labour party (UK)/meta/shortname

Labour


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Green Alliance

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. moink 01:28, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

Green Alliance
Ad for a California environmental group. Zzyzx11 | Talk 23:27, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ad with list of external links. - Stoph 23:31, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Google gives c.40,000 hits. I have written a substub, replacing the ad. --Alexs letterbox 23:52, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: How did your search? Many of the 32,700 hits I got were irrelevant, like this one. No vote as yet. Andrewa 03:44, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Give them a chance to respond to the ! --Isaac R 01:47, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Wait how much longer? The poster was an IP, we have no user talk page or email address, and little hope of them seeing an IP talk page. My last comment on the article talk page was almost a week ago, no reponse to it yet. No vote yet. Andrewa 03:44, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Note that there are various other groups with that or similar name, including the Green Alliance of the UK, New Green Alliance and Lavender and Green Alliance. The words may also refer to political alliances any green party may have with another party is just about any country. Maybe disambiguation page could be a good idea - Skysmith 10:05, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Disambigs-r-us. Good idea. Radiant_* 15:38, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Quebec Autoroute 20

Autoroute 20 is a Quebec Autoroute, following the Saint Lawrence River through one of the more densely populated parts of Canada, with its central section forming the main route of the Trans-Canada Highway from the A-25 interchange to the A-85 interchange. At 585 km, it is the longest Autoroute in Quebec. It is one of two main links between Montreal and Quebec City; the other is the A-40.

There are two sections of the A-20, separated by a 57 km gap. The main segment extends for 540 km from the Ontario border to its current terminus at Trois-Pistoles. The second, more northerly section is far shorter (44 km), constructed as a super two autoroute (one lane in each direction), which bypasses Rimouski to the south and ends at a roundabout junction with Highway 132 in Mont-Joli. While the Quebec government has completed environmental and economic reviews of the impact of linking the two sections of Autoroute 20, it has not committed the funds necessary for construction. Citing the high number of accidents on the Rimouski-Mont-Joli link of the A-20, many politicians in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region have criticized the government's lack of progress in linking the two sections of autoroute and twinning the two-lane portion.

Montérégie
A-20 begins at the Ontario-Quebec border near Rivière-Beaudette as the continuation of Ontario Highway 401. The westernmost section of A-20 was named the Autoroute du Souvenir (Remembrance Highway) in 2007 to honour Canadian veterans. Road marker signs on this stretch of the autoroute feature a poppy (a traditional symbol of Remembrance in Canada).

At km 29, A-20 crosses A-30 (former A-540) before becoming an urban boulevard for approximately eight kilometres (km 30 to 38) in Vaudreuil-Dorion and L'Île-Perrot. This stretch of highway takes A-20 across the Ottawa River. The speed limit is 50 km/h (30 mph) in Vaudreuil-Dorion and 70 km/h (45 mph) in L'Île-Perrot. A-20 once again becomes a limited-access highway at km 38, just before crossing the Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue Canal onto the Island of Montreal.

Montreal region
A-20 then traverses the West Island (in French, l'Ouest de l'Île) along the north shore of Lac Saint-Louis to an interchange with A-520. Commonly called the Dorval Interchange, this exit is the main access to Montreal's Trudeau International Airport. Further east, A-20 crosses the A-13 at its southern terminus, and then, at the St. Pierre Interchange, Route 138 west towards the Mercier Bridge.

Just west of downtown Montreal, A-20, A-15, and Route 136 meet at the Turcot Interchange. In 2020, the completion of a major project involving the rebuilding of the Turcot Interchange has shifted the autoroute north between Route 138 and the interchange. From there, A-20 east is multiplexed with A-15 south on the approach to the Samuel-de-Champlain Bridge.

Longueuil
Multiplexed with A-10 and A-15, all three autoroutes cross the Saint Lawrence River via the Samuel-de-Champlain Bridge to Longueuil. The multiplex splits south of the bridge. The A-20 parallels the south shore of the river through suburban Longueuil. The junction with A-25 affords a direct connection to the Louis Hippolyte Lafontaine Bridge-Tunnel and Montreal's East End. The Trans-Canada Highway joins A-20 at this junction.

Autoroute Jean-Lesage
The longest section of A-20 (from its junction with A-25 to its easternmost terminus) is named after Jean Lesage, who served as Premier of Quebec from 1960 to 1966, during the Quiet Revolution. Autoroute Jean-Lesage currently exists as two discontinuous sections separated by about 55 kilometres:
 * The main section between the Louis-Hippolyte-Lafontaine Bridge-Tunnel and Trois-Pistoles in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region.
 * A shorter section that serves as a bypass of Rimouski and extends east to a final terminus at Route 132 in Mont-Joli.

Centre-du-Québec
From the junction with A-25, A-20 travels east, away from the St. Lawrence River. At kilometre 98, A-20 intersects A-30 near Boucherville, crossing the Richelieu River (km 112) just north of Mont-Saint-Hilaire. Bypassing Saint-Hyacinthe, A-20 forms a multiplex with Route 116 for six kilometres between exits 141 and 147. This section of A-20 in Centre-du-Québec is located the furthest from the St. Lawrence River (approximately 45 kilometres). Between Drummondville and Sainte-Eulalie, A-20 forms a multiplex with A-55 for 37 kilometres.

Quebec City region
A-20 continues across the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Lowlands and Quebec's agricultural heartland. The autoroute once again parallels the river as it approaches metropolitan Quebec City. From this point eastward, A-20 is never more than five kilometres from the river. At km 312, A-20 crosses the A-73, a north–south link between Saint-Georges and Quebec City via the Pierre Laporte Bridge. While the control city on A-20 is listed as "Québec", the autoroute never enters the city proper. Before departing the region, the freeway bypasses suburban Lévis.

Chaudière-Appalaches and Bas-Saint-Laurent
As it continues eastward, A-20 passes the regional centres of Montmagny and La Pocatière before approaching Rivière-du-Loup and the junction with A-85 at km 499. The Trans-Canada Highway departs A-20 at this interchange and travels southeast on A-85 toward Edmundston, New Brunswick and the Maritime Provinces. At km 518, the highway becomes a super two for the remainder of its main section. The eastern end of the main section of the A-20 is located in Trois-Pistoles, approximately 40 kilometres east of Rivière-du-Loup.

Rimouski section
The second section of Autoroute Jean-Lesage (km 597 to km 641) connects Rimouski to Mont-Joli. It begins at a junction with Route 132 in Rimouski, approximately 55 km from the current terminus of A-20's main section. Like its larger counterpart, the Rimouski section of A-20 parallels the St. Lawrence, providing a southern bypass of Rimouski before ending (at another junction with Route 132) at the western approach to Mont-Joli.

This section of the A-20 is currently a single carriageway with occasional passing lanes. It was built to accommodate an eventual expansion to four lanes and most overpasses include the clearance needed to accommodate the additional lanes. The high accident rate along this section of A-20 have prompted many politicians to call for the highway to be expanded to two lanes in each direction.

An electric fence has been installed on both sides of the highway between km 621 and 628 to prevent moose from crossing the road, while at km 624 an underpass has been constructed to allow wildlife to pass under the highway safely.

Future
Transports Québec (MTQ) is currently engaged in several projects designed to connect the two segments of A-20.

Long-range plans by the MTQ call for the two sections of A-20 to meet. A 9.8 km section of single carriageway was opened to traffic on December 3, 2011 between Cacouna and L'Isle-Verte. As part of this project, a few kilometres of the highway near Cacouna was moved 1.5 km to the south and the old roadbed was destroyed. The MTQ timeline for completing the highway to Trois-Pistoles was met; it opened to traffic in November 2015. Overpasses were constructed for the St-Paul, St-Éloi and Drapeau roads.

Regarding the section from Trois-Pistoles to Rimouski, the Quebec government has completed environmental and economic reviews of the impact of linking the two sections of Autoroute 20, but it has not committed the funds necessary for construction. Frustrated by the long delay in linking the two sections of A-20, in 2013, the Mayor of Rimouski proposed paying for the construction by tolling the autoroute.

Citing predictions for an increase in ferry traffic to and from the Côte-Nord as a result of the Government of Quebec's Plan Nord, in 2011 the Mayor of Matane called for the further extension of A-20 to his city.

Popular culture
Autoroute 20 serves as the backdrop to the popular 2002 Quebec film Québec-Montréal by Ricardo Trogi about seven twenty-something travellers driving between the two cities.

The Quebec French expression "à l'autre bout de la 20" (in English, at the other end of the 20) refers to Montreal when the speaker is in Quebec City, and to Quebec City when one is in Montreal.

Other names
Older Anglophone Montrealers sometimes still refer to the section of the A-20 west of the city as Highway 2-20 (or "The Two and Twenty"), but the Route 2 designation was dropped in the mid 1970s.

Rest stops
Other than the Rivière-Beaudette Rest Area, the remaining rest areas along A-20 are not full service and merely places for motorists and truckers to rest. Only some have washrooms and a few are seasonal.

There are 15 rest stops located at the following points along Autoroute 20, and contain the following services:

Gallery
A-20 eastbound

title: Quebec Autoroute 20


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/White powder

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep as a disambiguation page moink 01:40, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

White powder
Summary to help with decision-making:
 * Delete 0
 * Keep 3 : Wahoofive, Mgm, Andrewa
 * Redirect 1: Firebug
 * Disambig 10: 8^D, Sjakkalle, N-Man, Radiant, Gmaxwell, Samaritan, Longhair, Barno, Carnildo, Yuckfoo

The consensus is clearly to make it a disambig page. I will remove the vfd tag and link the talk page here, but someone else will have to do the disambiguating. moink 01:40, 10 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Disambig done. Cheers! -- BD Abram son thi m k 05:56, 2005 May 10 (UTC)

From talk page: "this is completely rediculous page and should be removed immediately -george bush"

''This nomination was never followed through and put here. I'm not sure this nomination was made in good faith, but I wasn't about to remove the tag. No vote.'' --Dmcdevit 01:07, 5 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Rick nominated it here on the 24th April. User:AkCapr removed the earlier vfd tags on the 25th April before the vote was finalised. JamesBurns 01:38, 5 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Aha! I should have checked the history, duh. I have reprduced the previous text below: (I can see it was obviously made in good faith now.) --Dmcdevit 01:46, 5 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep if this vote is really necessary. —Wahoofive (talk) 01:42, 5 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Who am I to meddle with a previous decision. Disambiguate and rewrite synthesis section on WDOM in it's new location. Mgm|(talk) 15:06, May 5, 2005 (UTC)

"Original research? Advocacy?  I can only find two Google hits for "white powder" +Kutyavin, zero Google hits for "Alex Kutyavin" and three Google hits for "Alexander Kutyavin".  RickK 23:28, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment: Not sure if it should be deleted or not but I know that the term "white powder" is used in fireworks for a number of Potassium Chlorate oxidized materials.. which is what the article appears to be describing. --Gmaxwell 23:42, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Redirect to cocaine. Firebug 04:36, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Disambig. I disagree with Firebug's proposed redirect. In the post-9/11 world, "white powder" is often the stuff found in boxes or envelopes sent to someone's office to scare them into thinking that they've been attacked by terrorists using anthrax. I believe it's also a skier's reference to fresh snow. That's at least 4 legit meanings which a user might look up with this term, so perhaps a disambig is in order? -- 8^D gab 06:49, 2005 Apr 25 (UTC)
 * Disambig, concur with BD2412. Sjakkalle 07:24, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Disambig, common term. N-Mantalk 10:30, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Disambig, I can think of several 'white powders' (in fact a common chem lab assignment is taking six white powders and finding out which is which, although we didn't use cocaine at school :) ) Radiant_* 11:19, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to Rocket candy and replace with disambig.--Gmaxwell 05:04, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)"
 * Keep, disambig if needed, maybe to white powder (gunpowder) or similar. Never heard of rocket candy, and my experience with the stuff is you can't get a rocket to lift with only sugar and pot nitrate as described, effective rocket fuel needs at least some chlorate, a far more dangerous and effective oxidant. I see the pros now use perchlorate instead. Andrewa 03:05, 5 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Disambiguate per BD2412, Radiant et al. Samaritan 04:14, 5 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Disambig -- Many uses. - Longhair | Talk 08:14, 5 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I see that the article has an "Other meanings" section, but since "white powder" as an alternative explosive/propellant to "black powder" is not the phrase's meaning most often seen in the press in recent years, I vote to disambiguate. Cocaine, anthrax, and unknown-suspected-contraband are all at least as common uses of "white powder" as this one.  This article should be kept, but I don't think this meaning should redirect to rocket candy.  Maybe rocket candy should redirect to White powder (propellant) or whatever title this article gets after disambiguation.  Barno 14:49, 5 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Disclosure - I added the other meanings section on the theory that anyone who looks up "white powder" will more likely be thinking of one of those meanings - but that underscores the propriety of a disambig. -- BD Abram son thi m k 22:13, 2005 May 6 (UTC)
 * Clean up, move to an appropriate title, and replace with a disambiguation page. --Carnildo 22:08, 5 May 2005 (UTC)
 * keep please but disambiguate it Yuckfoo 20:45, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jeff Dennison

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 09:43, May 2, 2005 (UTC)

Jeff Dennison
Non-notable rapper, appears to be vanity page. Google gives 900 hits for "Jeff-D" rapper, but all results seem to link to another rapper called Jeff D'Amico. --Alexs letterbox 23:28, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Hoax. Just took some info about Jay Z and changed the name. R Calvete 23:37, 2005 Apr 24 (UTC)
 * Delete, hoax. Master Thief Garrett 02:34, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, hoax. Megan1967 04:23, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
William Knox

William Knox may refer to:

Australia

 * William Dunn Knox (1880–1945), Australian artist
 * William Knox (Victorian politician) (1850–1913), Australian politician - House
 * William Knox (Queensland politician) (1927–2001), Australian state politician - Legislative Assembly

United Kingdom

 * William Knox (Scottish poet) (1789–1825), Scottish poet and journalist
 * William Knox D'Arcy (1849–1917), British entrepreneur
 * William Knox (footballer, fl. 1927–1934), Scottish professional footballer
 * William Knox (footballer, born 1904), Scottish professional footballer
 * William Knox (MP) (1826–1900), MP for Dungannon
 * William Knox (British Army officer) (1847–1916), British general
 * William Knox (bishop) (1762–1831), Bishop of Killaloe and Kilfenora
 * William Knox (artist) (1862–1935), British artist of marine paintings and scenes of Venice
 * William Knox (cricketer) (1903–1954), Scottish cricketer
 * Bill Knox (1928–1999), Scottish author
 * Willie Knox (born 1937), Scottish professional footballer and manager

United States

 * Frank Knox (William Franklin Knox, 1874–1944), American Secretary of the Navy
 * William F. Knox (1885–1975), American football player and coach and lawyer
 * William Jacob Knox Jr., African-American chemist, worked on the Manhattan Project
 * William J. Knox (1820–1867), California businessman and politician
 * William Shadrach Knox (1843–1914), American congressman from Massachusetts
 * William W. Knox (1911–1981), U.S. federal judge

title: William Knox


text:
Paolo Avitabile

General Paolo Crescenzo Martino Avitabile (25 October 1791 – 28 March 1850), also known as Abu Tabela, was an Italian soldier, mercenary and adventurer. A peasant's son born in Agerola, in the province of Napoli near Sorrento (in southern Italy), he served in the Neapolitan militia during the Napoleonic wars. After Waterloo he drifted east like many other adventurous soldiers. In 1820 he joined the army of the Shah of Persia, attaining the rank of colonel and receiving several decorations before returning to Italy in 1824.

He joined the army of Maharaja Ranjit Singh of the Punjab in 1827, and later also received various civilian appointments. In 1829 he was made administrator of Wazirabad and in 1837 he succeeded Hari Singh Nalwa as governor of Peshawar. He remained in the Punjab until the assassination of Maharaja Sher Singh in 1843, after which he retired to Italy, where his rank as a general was confirmed and he was knighted.

Career in Europe
The young Avitabile served in the local levies of the Kingdom of Naples between 1807 and 1809, when he joined the artillery of the regular army. As a part of the Imperial Army, Avitabile served under Murat on several campaigns. In these campaigns he earned the rank of Lieutenant, as well as the command of the 15th Battery. After the fall of Napoleon and the defeat of Murat at Tolentino, Naples was restored to Ferdinand I of Sicily. Avitabile retained his rank and command and joined the army of the new Kingdom of Two Sicilies, where he joined the siege of Gaeta under the command of the Austrian general Delaver.

During this siege, he displayed great bravery and was wounded twice. The general recommended him for a promotion and a decoration, but was not heard. Avitabile was transferred instead to a position of lieutenant in a regiment of light infantry. It is said he quit in disgust over this treatment. His European career had come to an end.

In Persia
Having quit the army in Naples, Avitabile set his eyes on a career abroad. His initial idea was to, as many of his countrymen, seek fortune in America but this ended in a shipwreck off Marseille. Instead, he was advised to seek employment to the east. In Constantinople he was approached by an agent of the Persian Shah Fath Ali Shah recruiting European officers; in 1820, Avitabile took service with the Persian Shah. He remained in this employment for six years, during which period he rose to the rank of khan and a grade of colonel in the Persian army. Here he also met Claude August Court who would later accompany him on the travel to Punjab. Avitabile was rewarded for his services by two of Persia's highest decorations as Grand Commander of The Lion and Sun and of The Two Lions and Crown, but found the pay lacking. When he heard favourable notice from Jean-Baptiste Ventura of his employment in Punjab, Ventura again broke up to travel further to the east.

In Punjab
Together with Court, Avitabile arrived in Lahore in 1827 and was hired by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He was given a position with the artillery and put in charge of the arsenal and gun foundries. He was also given a civilian position as governor of Wazirabad. It would seem he was an able administrator, as he held the position for the next seven years and as a result, Wazirabad prospered.

In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
In 1834 he was appointed governor of Peshawar, an area the Maharaja had conquered from the Afghans the previous year.

Whereas his rule of Wazirabad is described as just and rigorous, his governorship of Peshawar is depicted as a rule of "gallows and gibbets". Avitabile boasted: "'When I marched into Peshawar, I sent on in advance a number of wooden posts which my men erected around the walls of the city. The men scoffed at them and laughed at the madness of the feringhee [a disparaging local language term for Westerners], and harder still when my men came in and laid coils of rope at the foot of the posts...However, when my preparations were completed and they found one fine morning dangling from these posts, fifty of the worse characters in Peshawar, they thought different. And I repeated the exhibition every day till I had made a scarcity of brigands and murderers. Then I had to deal with the liars and tale bearers. My method with them was to cut out their tongues. When a surgeon appeared and professed to be able to restore their speech, I sent for him and cut out his tongue also. After that there was peace'."

With a ruthless, at times brutal, style of government, Avitabile established order in the province where he became known as Abu Tabela. Summary executions became usual, and it is said that he would have people executed by throwing them from the top of Mahabat Khan Mosque. The American adventurer Alexander Gardner wrote about Avitabile's rule in Peshawar: "Under his rule small pains are taken to distinguish between innocence and guilt, and many a man, ignorant of the alleged crime, pays for it with his life". While this brutality was shocking to visiting Europeans (in the words of Sir Henry Lawrence: he acts like a savage among savage men, instead of showing them that a Christian can wield the iron sceptre without staining it by needless cruelty), it proved both successful in maintaining order and even popular among the peaceful inhabitants.

His iron-fist rule over Peshawar has made a place for him in local folklore. Even today unruly children in the city are brought to control by invoking Abu Tabela's name. In times of unrest, law-abiding citizens send a small wish for the return of an Abu Tabela to finally re-impose law and order.

The control of this strategic position brought him in contact with the British army during the First Anglo-Afghan War (1839–42), where he was able to render vital assistance. As governor of Peshawar, Avitabile controlled the southern entrance to the Khyber Pass, although the Maharaja did not allow for the British to move through the Sikh Empire to reach the Khyber pass, he ordered Avitabile to assist the British through the pass itself, into Afghanistan. During Elphinstone's advance in 1839, the British were well received in Peshawar and their officers received a princely treatment. Captain Havelock spent a month in Peshawar, and describes the splendour of Avitabile's court in his memoirs. He also gives a favourable characterisation of the governor: "He is, moreover, a frank, gay, and good-humoured person, as well as an excellent and skilful officer."

Avitabile was also a scholar and an engineer, who worked very closely with Lehna Singh Majithia, a great Sikh engineer of his time.

When the British returned in 1842, to avenge the defeat of Elphinstone, they were given every possible assistance by Avitabile's government, while he was still in the employ of the Sikh Empire as the Afghans had been a longtime enemy of the Sikhs.

Avitabile remained in the position of Governor during the First Anglo-Afghan War until he left in 1843. Having secured his retirement in Europe, he resigned his position to return home.

Back home
As one of the few European adventurers in the area, he succeeded in building a fortune and getting away with it. He returned to Naples, where he built a grand home in San Lazzaro (Agerola). He obtained in 1844 that his place of birth, Agerola, was separated from Amalfi and united to the "Provincia di Napoli". He died in "strange" circumstances soon after marrying a local girl: Enrichetta Coccia. The following legal battle over his inheritance, and the many distant relatives asserting their claims, made Avitabile's cousin something of a byword in Italy.

In fiction
Avitabile is a minor character in Flashman, a 1969 novel by George MacDonald Fraser. The narrator describes him as a "great, grey-bearded ox of a man... the Sikhs and Afghans were more scared of him than of the Devil himself."

Honours and awards
Avitabile won honours in every country he served. The inscription on his tomb at Agerola lists:
 * Chevalier of the Legion of Honour
 * Order of Merit of San Ferdinand of Naples
 * Order of the Durrani Empire Afghanistan
 * Grand Cordon of the Lion and the Sun
 * Two Lions and Crown of Persia
 * Auspicious Star of the Punjab

title: Paolo Avitabile


text:
User:80N/sandpit/Labour Party (UK)/meta/shortname

Labour


text:
User:80N/sandpit/Labour Party (UK)/meta/colour

red