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Blackburn railway station

Blackburn railway station serves the town of Blackburn in Lancashire, England. It is 12 mi east of Preston and is managed and served by Northern Trains.

History
There has been a station on the current site since 1846, when the Blackburn and Preston Railway (a constituent company of the East Lancashire Railway) was opened - the contract to build the station having been awarded in November 1845. This route was extended eastwards to Accrington in March 1848 and subsequently through to Burnley and Colne by February 1849. Meanwhile, the Bolton, Blackburn, Clitheroe & West Yorkshire Railway had built a line through to Bolton from the town by 1848, but were refused permission to use the ELR station and had to open their own station at Bolton Road, a short distance south of the junction between the two. The Blackburn company subsequently extended their line northwards along the Ribble Valley to Clitheroe in 1851, but it was not until both railways had amalgamated with the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway that traffic was concentrated at the main station (the Bolton Road station closing in 1859).

The first of two major upgrades to the facilities came the following year, but the opening of the Lancashire Union Railway from St Helens Central and Wigan North Western in 1869, the Great Harwood Loop in 1877 and the extension of the Clitheroe line to Hellifield in 1880 to give the L&Y a through route to Scotland via the Settle-Carlisle Line led to significant increases in traffic that put the station under major strain. A fatal collision there that led to the deaths of 7 people in 1881 prompted the L&Y to make plans for another expansion & remodelling project, which was completed between 1886 & 1888. The new station had two island platforms, each with west-facing bays to give seven working faces in total plus an impressive two-bay overall roof. Destinations served included Liverpool Exchange via Ormskirk, Blackpool Central, Skipton, and Southport via the West Lancashire Railway in addition to those mentioned previously. Long distance through coaches to Scotland and London Euston (via Manchester Victoria, Denton and Stockport) also operated from here well into British Rail days.

The 1923 Grouping saw the station pass into the hands of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway, but it was not until after nationalisation in 1948 that traffic and services began to decline. The Great Harwood line was the first to lose its passenger services in 1957, whilst the through coaches to London were 'temporarily' suspended in 1959 for electrification work to take place on the Crewe to Manchester route but never reinstated. The biggest losses came though in the 1960s - Wigan trains were withdrawn in January 1960, those to Hellifield in September 1962 and the Southport line & Blackpool Central station both fell victim to the Beeching Axe in 1964. By 1970, the through links to Skipton and Liverpool had also gone, leaving only the Manchester via Bolton & Colne to Preston lines along with a few seasonal trains between Leeds and Blackpool North via Hebden Bridge and the Copy Pit route to serve the station. Thus when the lines & station were resignalled in 1973 (control passing to the new power box at Preston as part of the WCML modernisation scheme), three of the station's seven platforms were closed and a fourth (the current platform 4) reduced in length and downgraded to emergency use only. The remaining trains could quite easily be accommodated on platforms 1-3 (the northernmost island of the two). This method of operation would remain until the station underwent its most recent major rebuild in 2000 (see below). The 1980s & 90s would though see a revival in service provision, with the reopening to regular passenger traffic of the Copy Pit line in 1984 (initially on a twice-daily trial basis with services funded by a local building society) and the Ribble Valley line to Clitheroe a decade later in 1994. The latter would be served as an extension of the existing route from Manchester via Bolton, whilst the former brought regular services to & from Blackpool, Leeds and York to the station for the first time in more than a decade.

Description
The station is currently served by two lines. One line runs north–south. comprising the re-opened Ribble Valley Line from Clitheroe in the north and continuing through Blackburn towards Darwen, Bolton and terminating at Manchester Victoria.

The other line runs east–west and is served by trains from Blackpool and Preston in the west travelling to Burnley (Manchester Road and Central), Colne (the East Lancashire Line), Leeds and as far as York in the east (the Caldervale Line).

The station was covered by twin train sheds, an architecturally detailed canopy that covered all platforms. In 2000, due to its decaying state it was removed, changing the nature of the station in a £35 million regeneration project. A new building was built on the main island platform. The Grade II listed original entrance built in the 1880s, including the station buffet and former booking hall, was retained and refurbished. A piece of public artwork by artist Stephen Charnock was also erected at the edge of the platform, which consists of a stainless steel screen depicting Blackburn's industrial past and its more modern life today. The images include some of Blackburn's most successful figures and famous visitors such as David Lloyd George (Liberal politician), Mahatma Gandhi (campaigner for Indian independence), Kathleen Ferrier (singer), Barbara Castle (Labour politician), Carl Fogarty (superbike racer), Wayne Hemingway (fashion designer) and Jack Walker (businessman). Platform 4, which had previously not been in timetabled use since the 1970s, was reopened for regular services as part of the work.

In 2003 a police station was opened in the upper floor of the old booking hall, to provide services in the town centre when the town's main police station was replaced by Greenbank police station in Whitebirk.

The station is well connected with public transport in Blackburn, with the Blackburn Boulevard bus station (recently closed and moved to the old market site) was situated directly in front of the station building. In 2016 a new interchange opened outside the station with frequent buses heading to the new bus station.

In April 2011, £1.7 million was raised for the construction of a canopy on platform 4 and a lift to the subway below. From the refurbishment of the station 10 years earlier, only bus style shelters had been provided with no lift access.

On 24 October 2011, the rebuild of platform 4 was completed, now boasting a roof matching the one on platforms 1 and 2, lift, heated waiting room and improved flooring.

New LED departure information display screens have also been installed.

Services
On the Ribble Valley Line, there is now a half-hourly service southbound to Manchester Victoria and hourly northbound to Clitheroe (with peak extras). An hourly service runs on Sundays. Additional services to/from Manchester Victoria and Clitheroe start or terminate here. From the December 2017 timetable change, the off-peak Monday to Saturday frequency over this route south of Blackburn has been improved to 2 trains per hour.

On the East Lancashire Line, Monday to Saturdays there is an hourly service all stops to Preston to the west and Colne to the east. Two-hourly on Sundays, with through running to Blackpool South.

On the Caldervale Line, Monday to Saturdays there is an hourly Express service to Blackpool North westbound and to Bradford Interchange, Leeds and York eastbound. This also runs on Sundays, albeit with a later start time. From November 2017 until May 2019, weekday trains terminated at Preston rather than running through to Blackpool North because of engineering work associated with route electrification on the Fylde line. From 17 May 2015, direct services to Manchester Victoria through Accrington and Burnley were introduced with the reopening of the Todmorden Curve - these run on an hourly frequency (including Sundays) and serve most local stations south of Todmorden. In the May 2023 timetable, these trains continue beyond Manchester to Headbolt Lane in Kirby via Wigan Wallgate (to Southport on Sundays) where there are connections via Merseyrail to Liverpool

Platforms in use
The station has 4 platforms, the main platform (Platforms 1,2 & 3) includes a ticket office, waiting room, toilets and outdoor seating. The separate Platform 4 has a heated waiting room and outdoor seating. All three through platforms are bi-directional meaning any service can use any platform, however, most trains are booked on the following platforms:

The ticket office is staffed throughout the week (06:40-18:00 Mondays to Thursdays, 06:40-19:00 Fridays and Saturdays, 09:10-16:40 Sundays). A self-service ticket machine is available for use when the booking office is closed and for collecting pre-paid/advance purchase tickets.

There is also a Station Kiosk on the concourse at the front of the station where rail users can purchase refreshments.

title: Blackburn railway station


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Lodz Ghetto

Lodz Ghetto
An interesting article about the last Jewish Ghetto to survive. Well written and well illustrated. Ausir 23:14, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. No references, at the least. 119 23:18, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, some references are given in the "further reading" section... Ausir 23:33, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Further reading are not references - see References. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 10:29, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Fascinating article, very well written, superlative accompanying pictures.  Googie Man 9 Apr 2005 Googie man 01:56, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Qualified Objection, I agree that the article is really interesting, but I wonder if the article is fully comprehensive. Youth movements are mentioned once at the end of the article in the context of resistance, but there isn't much about them before that.  Many readers will not really understand what the youth movements were.  Perhaps there should be more about ghetto cultural life in general.  Also, what can be said about Catholic Poles and the ghetto?  I think the article only needs some small additions though, I can imagine myself changing my vote. Dinopup 04:06, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Object Needs longer lead section; the lead should provide a better summary of the article. For example, there is no mention of the ghetto being an important production facility for the Reich. Also, two references seems a bit shallow for an important article like this. How about referencing Werner Rings', as well as providing a reference for the "diarist's" quote (section 6). That would be a good start. Moreover, I'd like to see all those figures about deaths and deportations directly referenced per footnotes (with page and paragraph numbers). Phils 09:32, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. Lead is to short. No references. Seems fairly comprehensive to me - although I'd of course never object to any expantion. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 10:29, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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USS Peary

USS Peary (DD-226) was a Clemson-class destroyer of the United States Navy. She was commissioned in 1920 and sunk by Japanese aircraft at Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, on 19 February 1942.

Construction and commissioning
Peary was laid down by William Cramp & Sons of Philadelphia on 9 September 1919. The destroyer was launched on 6 April 1920, sponsored by Mrs. Edward Stafford daughter of Admiral Peary. The vessel was commissioned on 22 October 1920.

Pre-World War II
Peary served in the Far East from 1922 onward. With the Yangtze River Patrol from 1923 to 1931, she made annual deployments in Chinese waters protecting American interests from 1931 to the outbreak of World War II.

World War II
Peary was moored at Cavite, Philippines, when news of the Pearl Harbor raid reached her and was caught in the raid on the Cavite Navy Yard, Philippines, two days later. On the early afternoon of 10 December more than 50 two-engined high level bombers appeared over Cavite and, cruising leisurely above the range of anti-aircraft fire, destroyed practically the entire base.

Peary, tied up at a small pier, took one bomb forward which damaged the superstructure and stack and killed eight of her crew. She found herself in a precarious position, as fires began to set off torpedo warheads in a torpedo overhaul shop on the wharf next to her. USS Whippoorwill (AM-35) towed her out. Whippoorwill and USS Pillsbury (DD-227) came alongside and their fire hoses extinguished the fire in five minutes. Her commanding officer, Commander H. H. Keith was wounded in this engagement and was relieved by Commander J. M. Bermingham.

On 26 December 1941, Peary was underway when the Japanese came over again and dropped several bombs near the ship.

By the morning of 27 December, Peary was in Campomanes Bay, Negros Island, where she decided to put in for the day. Her crew camouflaged her with green paint and palm fronds, hoping to elude Japanese patrol bombers. Five passed overhead without spotting the ship that morning and when darkness fell she set out through the Celebes Sea for Makassar Strait.

A Japanese bomber spotted Peary the next morning, and shadowed her until early afternoon when three other bombers joined her in a two-hour attack. The planes dropped 500 lb bombs and then launched two torpedoes only 500 yd from the ship. Peary quickly backed on one engine and both torpedoes narrowly missed the bow. Seconds later, two more missed the stern by 10 yd. The bombers then withdrew.

The New Year found Peary at Darwin, Australia. During January and a part of February, she operated out of Darwin, principally on anti-submarine patrol. On 15–16 February, Peary took part in a mission to transport reinforcements and supplies to Allied forces in Dutch Timor, but this was aborted after coming under intense air attack. On 19 February 1942 Darwin experienced a massive Japanese air attack. Peary was attacked by Japanese dive bombers, and was struck by five bombs. The first bomb exploded on the fantail, the second, an incendiary, on the galley deck house; the third did not explode; the fourth hit forward and set off the forward ammunition magazines; the fifth, another incendiary, exploded in the after engine room. A .30 caliber machine gun on the after deck house and a .50 caliber machine gun on the galley deck house fired until the last enemy plane flew away.

Lost with the ship were 88 officers and men, including Bermingham. There were 53 enlisted survivors and one officer, LTJG R.L. Johnson. LT W.J. Catlett, who was ashore during Peary's final battle, was tasked with writing the official US Navy report on the sinking. Peary was the first destroyer of the Asiatic Fleet to be sunk in World War II. She was struck from the Navy List on 8 May 1942. In July 2020 an announcement was made by the Northern Territory government that the propellers from the ship had been found some kilometres from the known wreck site, prompting further investigation into Peary's final battle.

Awards

 * Yangtze Service Medal
 * China Service Medal
 * American Defense Service Medal with "Fleet" clasp
 * Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with one battle star
 * World War II Victory Medal

Memorial
There is a memorial in Darwin in honor of the lives lost. This memorial, in Bicentennial Park, consists of a plaque and one of the 4-inch deck guns recovered from Peary. This gun is aimed towards Peary's resting place in the harbor. In the words of Peter Grose, author of An Awkward Truth: The Bombing of Darwin, February 1942, "The doomed yet magnificent reply by the destroyer USS Peary in Darwin harbour as Japanese dive-bombers swarmed around her deserves a place in the legend books of American military history". The memorial was visited by President Obama and Prime Minister Gillard on November 17, 2011 as part of a ceremony dedicated to the veterans of WWII, at the end of the 60th anniversary of ANZUS Presidential visit to Australia.

Wreck
Peary lies in 27 m of water in Darwin Harbour, at coordinates -12.475°N, 130.82917°W. The wreck itself is a memorial to those who lost their lives in the first bombing raid on Australian soil and to those who defended Darwin.

title: USS Peary


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Pernilla August

Pernilla August (born Mia Pernilla Hertzman-Ericson; 13 February 1958) is a Swedish actress, director and screenwriter. Being one of Sweden's leading actresses and a longtime collaborator with director Ingmar Bergman, she won the Best Actress Award at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival for her role in his The Best Intentions. She is best known internationally for portraying Shmi Skywalker in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace and Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones.

Actor
August started acting during her childhood in theatre and at school. Her professional acting career started in 1975 when director Roy Andersson cast her in a minor role in the film Giliap the same year, followed from 1979 by films by other directors, Vilgot Sjöman (among them, the film about Alfred Nobel, 1983) and Lasse Hallström. She studied acting at Swedish National Academy of Mime and Acting in Stockholm 1979–82. Before finishing her studies, she attracted the attention of Ingmar Bergman, who cast her in his film Fanny and Alexander (1982), playing the nanny in the director's romanticised portrait of his childhood. That marked the beginning of two decades of collaboration, collecting several international awards, including television series The Best Intentions (1991), where she portrayed Bergman's mother and met her second husband to be, director Bille August, and TV-productions Private Confessions (1996), directed by Liv Ullmann and Bergman's own In the Presence of a Clown (1997).

She also starred in Bo Widerberg's The Serpent's Way (1986) as well as his TV-production of Henrik Ibsen's The Wild Duck (1989). Among the many Scandinavian and international films are also Bille August's Jerusalem (1996), Richard Hobert's Where the Rainbow Ends (1999) [granted her a Guldbagge Award as Best actress] and The Birthday (2000], I Am Dina (2002), Björn Runge's Om jag vänder mig om/If I Turn Around (2003) [a Silver Bear at Berlin International Film Festival 2004 and more Best actress awards], Per Fly's Manslaughter (2005), Swedish-Taiwanese Miss Kicki (2009) and Jan Troell's Truth and Consequence (2012).

At the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm, she has acted in several plays, starting 1981, several directed by Ingmar Bergman and touring internationally. These include Ophelia in William Shakespeare's Hamlet (1986) [a part she has also played in another Swedish television film, 1985], August Strindberg's A Dream Play (1986), Nora in Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House (1989), Hermione in Bergman's special version of A Winter's Tale (1994), the title role in Schiller's Mary Stuart (2000) and Helene Alving in Ibsen's Ghosts (2002). She also worked with Russian director Jurij Ljubimov in Alexander Pushkin's A Feast in the Time of Plague (1996). In 1983-84, she worked at Folkteatern i Gävleborg (The Folk Theatre in Gävleborg) with director Peter Oskarson in Anton Chekhov's Three Sisters. In 2008, she acted in the stage production of Steel Magnolias in Stockholm.

She had appeared in two episodes of The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles in 1993. Many in the English-speaking world know her best as Shmi Skywalker, the mother of Anakin Skywalker, from Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999), and its sequel Attack of the Clones (2002). She shared the role as Virgin Mary in Mary, Mother of Jesus (1999) with Melinda Kinnaman. She played a significant role in the Swedish film Sprängaren (2001) alongside Helena Bergström. In 2004 August voiced Madame Suliman in the Swedish dub of Howl's Moving Castle. In 2011, she reprised her role as Shmi Skywalker in the third season of Star Wars: The Clone Wars for the episode "Overlords", which aired in 2011. She played the recurring character of Queen Kristina of Sweden in the Netflix series Young Royals, which premiered in 2021. In 2023 she appeared as Annie in the television series Blackwater, with her daughters Asta and Alba playing young Annie and Annie's daughter Mia.

Director
After her directorial debut with the 2005 short film Time Bomb (Blindgångare), she debuted as feature-film director and screenwriter in 2010 with Beyond, starring Noomi Rapace and Ola Rapace. The film was selected as the Swedish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards and was much awarded with Swedish Guldbagge Awards and more; August won for Best Director and Best Script. In October 2011, August was asked to direct a new Danish drama series, Arvingerne, an offer she accepted. The series premiered on DR on 1 January 2014. Her two youngest daughters have cameos in the series.

Awards
Among many international awards and nominations, at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival she won the award for Best Actress, for her role in Bille August's The Best Intentions. For the same film she also won the Best Actress award at the 28th Guldbagge Awards.

In 2002 she was honored with the Royal Swedish medal Litteris et Artibus for her artistic work.

Personal life
August was born in Stockholm. She has been married twice and changed her name both times. Her first marriage was in 1982 to Klas Östergren, with whom she has one daughter; the marriage ended in divorce in 1989. The second marriage was in 1991 to Bille August, with whom she has two daughters; this marriage also ended in divorce, this time in 1997. She has three daughters: Agnes, Asta, and Alba.

title: Pernilla August


text:
Lesbia

Lesbia was the literary pseudonym used by the Roman poet Gaius Valerius Catullus (c. 82–52 BC) to refer to his lover. Lesbia is traditionally identified with Clodia, the wife of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Celer and sister of Publius Clodius Pulcher; her conduct and motives are maligned in Cicero's extant speech Pro Caelio, delivered in 56 BC.

Overview
Lesbia is the subject of 25 of Catullus' 116 surviving poems, and these display a wide range of emotions (see Catullus 85), ranging from tender love (e. g. Catullus 5, Catullus 7), to sadness and disappointment (e.g. Catullus 72), and to bitter sarcasm (e.g. Catullus 8), following the often unsteady course of Catullus' relationship.

The name evokes the poet Sappho, who was from the isle of Lesbos. Catullus's poem 35 celebrating his poet friend Caecilius of Novum Comum also mentions the devotion of Caecilius' girlfriend, who is herself accorded a remarkable tribute as "girl more learned than Sappho's Muse" (lines 16–17: Sapphica puella / musa doctior). This could well be Catullus' Lesbia before she became his own lover.

It may be significant that a poem which looks like an envoi to Lesbia (Catullus 11) is written in the Sapphic metre; the only other poem in the collection composed in this metre is poem 51, which looks like it could be the first poem written to her. What makes this more likely is that the poem is an elegant translation of a poem by Sappho herself, which is still extant.

She may have been a poet in her own right, included with Catullus in a list of famous poets whose lovers "often" helped them write their verses. The name Lesbia was chosen for several reasons, including its metrical match with her real name. The 2nd century AD orator Apuleius of Madaura gave a list of four such identities in court, to defend himself against the charge of hiding names under an alias:

 * Catullus's Lesbia: Clodia
 * Ticida's Perilla: Metella
 * Propertius' Cynthia: Hostia
 * Tibullus' Delia: Plania

Apuleius' information is thought to have come from Suetonius' de poetis, or Suetonius' most important source, a work on late Republican and Augustan period poets by Gaius Julius Hyginus.

Thomas draws parallels between Lesbia and one of the Meleager's lovers, Phanion.

Ancient sources

 * The Catullan libellus of 116 poems
 * Oxford Classical Texts, C. Valerii Catulli Carmina (ed.) R A B Mynors (Oxford University Press, 1958)
 * Penguin Classics, English translation, The Poems of Catullus by Peter Whigham (Penguin Books, 1966)

Modern works

 * Wiseman, T Peter:Catullan Questions (Leicester University Press, 1969), especially chapter 5: "Lesbia - When?" (42–49), and chapter 6: "Lesbia - Who?" (50–60)
 * Wiseman, T. Peter. Cinna the Poet and other Roman Essays (Leicester University Press, 1974), especially chapter 5: "Lesbia and her Children" (104–118)
 * Oxford Latin Reader, Maurice Balme and James Morewood (1997)
 * Hallett, Judith P: "Catullus and Horace on Roman Women Poets", Antichthon 40 (Thematic issue: Catullus in Contemporary Perspective, 2006), 65–88

title: Lesbia


text:
Bhutan at the 1984 Summer Olympics

Bhutan competed in the Olympic Games for the first time at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States.

Archery
Men

Women

title: Bhutan at the 1984 Summer Olympics


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Dore and Totley

Dore and Totley ward—which includes the districts of Bradway , Dore, Totley, and Whirlow—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. It is currently represented by three Liberal Democrat councillors. It is located in the southwestern part of the city and covers an area of 26.3 km2. The population of this ward in 2001 was 16,404 people in 7,037 households. Dore and Totley ward is one of the five wards that make up the Sheffield Hallam Parliamentary constituency. The population of Dore and Totley is 16,740 (2011) with 7,334 Households.

Dore
Dore is a village in South Yorkshire. Until 1934 it was part of Derbyshire, but it is now a suburb of Sheffield. The village lies on a hill above the River Sheaf, and has a reputation of being Sheffield's wealthiest suburb.

Totley
Totley is a suburb on the extreme southwest of Sheffield, next to the Yorkshire/Derbyshire boundary. Formerly a Derbyshire village, Totley officially became part of Sheffield in 1935.

Totley was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Totinglee, the name meaning a forest clearing belonging to Tota (probably the Saxon lord). Totley Hall, built in 1623 and enlarged in the 19th century, was converted to a teacher training college in the 1950s and was latterly part of Sheffield Hallam University.

Totley is roughly divided into three areas: Totley, New Totley and Totley Rise. It is served by the Baslow road, which is a continuation of Abbeydale Road South (A621).

Through the district run the Totley Brook and the Old Hay Brook, which are the two sources of the River Sheaf. Totley also lends its name to Totley Tunnel, the longest underland rail tunnel in the UK. This takes the Sheffield to Manchester line from Totley underneath the Totley Moor to Grindleford in Derbyshire.

Bradway
Bradway is a suburb in the south of Sheffield composed of three former Derbyshire villages: Upper Bradway, Bradway, and Lower Bradway. Bradway was annexed by Sheffield in the 1930s, thus placing it in the ceremonial county of South Yorkshire. The Bradway Tunnel opened in 1870 and carries the Midland Main Line underneath Bradway on its route from Sheffield to Chesterfield.

Whirlow
Whirlow lies north west of Dore, on the Limb Brook. It is home to Whirlow Hall Farm a working farm run as a children's charity and two parks. Whirlowbrook park is set in the 39 acre (158,000 m2) grounds of Whirlowbrook Hall (built 1906) the former home of Sheffield industrialist Sir Walter Benton-Jones (1880–1967).

Schools
Schools in the ward of Dore and Totley include Dore Primary School, Bradway Primary School, The Rowan Special School, Totley All Saints Church of England Voluntary Aided Primary School, Totley Primary School and King Ecgbert School.

title: Dore and Totley


text:
User talk:Kenneth Charles

Poem explanations
I stumbled across your article on Catullus 49, and just thought I'd mention that it would help if you wrote a line or two of introduction for the top of the page. Even just stating that it is a latin poem by such and such written in such and such on a frog parchment with cuttlefish ink is better than just breaking into the poem. Anything you can add that explains its context is good for uncough ruffians such as myself who don't know any better. I do it myself but as a scientist I find myself at a loss. ;) Sabine's Sunbird 01:15, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * No connection to Vladimir Dinets; I was just trying to improve the page a little. Stepp-Wulf 00:42, 17 April 2006 (UTC).

Vladimir Dinets
I have added a "" template to the article Vladimir Dinets, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Fram 18:22, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kenneth Charles


text:
NBA 2K3

NBA 2K3 is a 2002 sports video game developed by Visual Concepts and published by Sega for GameCube, PlayStation 2 and Xbox.

It was the first of three consecutive NBA 2K games to be produced with licensing from ESPN (however, the ESPN logo would not appear on the front cover until the series' next installment). The ESPN licensing coincided with its, and sister network ABC's, takeover of the national broadcast TV rights from NBC that occurred at the start of the 2002–03 season. It was also the last NBA 2K game to be released on a Nintendo platform until NBA 2K10.

Reception
The game received "favorable" reviews on all platforms according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. It was nominated for GameSpot's annual "Best Traditional Sports Game on GameCube" award, but lost to NFL 2K3.

title: NBA 2K3


text:
Talk:Łódź Ghetto

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 27 August 2019 and 5 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Delaynie799.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 05:33, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

[Untitled]
Pretty sure that the article is incorrect in identifying Chelmno as an Operation Reinharidt deathcamp. Wilhelm Ritter

Fair use rationale for Image:LodzRumJP.jpg
Image:LodzRumJP.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 03:12, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Łódź, Lodz or Litzmannstadt? What would it be?
Google Book Search: The unilateral move to a new title is unacceptable, including the careful removal of all alternative names from everywhere in Wikipedia by User: Fisel (e.g. even from other users personal talk pages, which is mind-boggling). Somebody please, roll it back and request the use of proper channels for community feedback. --207.102.64.198 (talk) 00:46, 21 February 2008 (UTC)
 * 626 on Litzmannstadt Ghetto
 * 279 on Łódź Ghetto
 * 832 on Lodz Ghetto

BTW, there never was a General Litzmannstadt according to Google search, contrary to User: Fisel's laughable edit summaries. --207.102.64.198 (talk) 01:13, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

Title
In English one calls it the Lodz Ghetto. The current name is expressly Nazi. Norvo (talk) 04:47, 13 February 2009 (UTC)
 * As was the ghetto, no? Interesting that this has sat for a year; perhaps it might be well discussed over at Talk:Łódź? --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 21:20, 22 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes, both the ghetto and the name Litzmannstadt were Nazi. However, the usual name of the city and the ghetto in English is Lodz. Norvo (talk) 23:57, 22 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Actually it's Łódź, per our article. I would support a move to Łódź Ghetto. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 19:22, 4 October 2009 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 15:22, 9 February 2011 (UTC)

Ghetto Litzmannstadt → Łódź Ghetto — Per above discussion, this is what it is most commonly called in English (modulo diacritics, but it's Wikipedia's style to include those). Also consistent with others in Category:World War II ghettos, and in particular its Poland subcategories.--Kotniski (talk) 06:38, 29 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Support Exactly what nom said move to Lodz Ghetto (without diacritics) per nom and User: Dohn Joe..-- brew crewer  (yada, yada) 05:14, 30 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Support. It shouldn't have been moved to this name in the first place. Jayjg (talk) 18:54, 30 January 2011 (UTC)
 * To clarify, #1 choice is Lodz Ghetto, #2 choice is Łódź Ghetto. But definitely move it from Ghetto Litzmannstadt. Jayjg (talk) 02:26, 8 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Support The proposed name is the name used far more frequently in sources. Alansohn (talk) 19:59, 30 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Additional note As much as I dislike diacritics myself, we should match the title of the parent article Łódź and use them here. Alansohn (talk) 19:37, 7 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Partial support. I disagree that it's Wikipedia's style to include diacritics. In some cases it does, and in some it doesn't. (Cf. Tłuchowo and Hokkaido.) WP:DIACRITICS suggests that we should use the form most commonly seen in English. In this case, regardless of where WP puts the Łódź article, I think most people would agree that the most common usage of the subject of this page is Lodz Ghetto, which is where I would support a move. Dohn joe (talk) 20:59, 31 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes, but WP:DIACRITICS is written (and defended from change) by people who dislike diacritics; it doesn't give an accurate picture of Wikipedia's actual customs, which we can observe (at least in relation to names in Poland and other European countries with Latin alphabets) to be to include original diacritics almost everywhere. Is there any special reason to deviate from the norm and omit them from this title? For example, is there strong Jewish usage that would omit them? How about the other Polish ghetto articles?--Kotniski (talk) 23:31, 31 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Support. Of course it should be renamed. It's invariably known as the Łódź Ghetto. The diacritics should most certainly be retained, as the correct name of the city doesn't sound anything like "Lodge" as a lack of diacritics would suggest. -- Necrothesp (talk) 00:23, 2 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Support. Most common name, and current common name... PS. If this is not clear, support Łódź Ghetto, obviously (since this is the name under discussion). --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 19:13, 7 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Support no-brainer. Never heard of Litzmannstadt before. Choyoołʼįįhí:Seb az86556 > haneʼ 20:21, 7 February 2011 (UTC)
 * I was asked to elaborate on Lodz vs. Łódź. I don't really care, but I'd say since the city goes by Łódź on wikipedia, consistency would be good. Choyoołʼįįhí:Seb az86556 > haneʼ 07:23, 8 February 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

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Hans Biebow is underestimated
Hans Biebow is mentioned only once. The German Management Board (Gettoverwaltung) is mentioned in another place, no names.Xx236 (talk) 10:03, 27 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Biebow was hanged in Poland, I haven't found any other German criminal punished.Xx236 (talk) 11:06, 27 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Part of Hans Biebow should be copied here. No the text accuses Rumkowski, which is osme form of revisionism..Xx236 (talk) 10:21, 22 July 2019 (UTC)

A total of 68,000 Jews passed through it;
What is 68,000 and what is the "it"?
 * If you mean those who were transported to the ghetto, the number of local inhabitanst is needed, either.Xx236 (talk) 11:25, 27 March 2019 (UTC)
 * It is actually clear (the ghetto), but more importantly the 68,000 figure is incorrect. There were 68k Jews in 1944. Icewhiz (talk) 12:00, 27 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Fixed. . Icewhiz (talk) 12:11, 27 March 2019 (UTC)

Link 8 is dead
Formerly 7. Xx236 (talk) 11:13, 27 March 2019 (UTC)

Ghetto policing
You describe the period when the ghetto was isolated. At the beginning inhabitanst of some houses smuggled food. Xx236 (talk) 07:18, 28 March 2019 (UTC)
 * http://www.lodzgetto.pl/centralne_wiezienie.html,31 Some Polish smugglers were imprisoned in Central Prison.Xx236 (talk) 07:24, 28 March 2019 (UTC)

Only one picture shows horrors
The other pictures don't inform about extermination. Why Jewish children inside Ghetto Litzmannstadt, 1940? Does the picture show death of 200 000?Xx236 (talk) 07:24, 29 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Finding pictures is often a copyright nightmare. Do you have alternative/additional pictures available on Commons to suggest? Icewhiz (talk) 08:03, 24 April 2019 (UTC)
 * File:Children_headed_for_deportation.JPG Xx236 (talk) 08:40, 24 April 2019 (UTC)
 * That's already in the article - in the "Deportations" section. Icewhiz (talk) 09:48, 24 April 2019 (UTC)
 * So let's move the picture to the top of the page. Now a reader sees relatively glad people. How many readers study a whole page? The majority reads a lead and goes away. Xx236 (talk)

Radegast train station
Shouldn't the station be mentioned at the beginning of Chelmno transports? It is mentioned in 1944 part only.Xx236 (talk) 11:04, 22 July 2019 (UTC)

"Situated in the city of Łódź"
It's an error. The name of the city at that time was Litzmannstadt. The name Łódź Ghetto combines the Polish name Łódź and English/German word Ghetto. If there is Belzec extermination camp (notBełżec) so rather Lodz Ghetto. But the only correct name is Litzmannstadt Ghetto, compare https://www.holocaustremembrance.com/news-archive/litzmannstadt-ghetto-model Xx236 (talk) 06:30, 24 July 2019 (UTC)
 * The WP:COMMONNAME is Lodz ghetto - see google NGRAM (it isn't even close - Lodz "wins" by more than an order of magnitude). For Nazi death camps, built and set up by the Germans, the common name often follows the German. For ghettos in cities/towns - the common name usually follows the common local usage. I will further note that Litzmannstadt was a German imposed name (after Karl Litzmann) - which was in use for the brief period of the occupation by the occupation authorities (contrast this situation - to towns with centuries old German names - the common name in Deutsch for Lodz ist Lodz). Icewhiz (talk) 06:44, 24 July 2019 (UTC)
 * You admit that the commonname is Lodz Ghetto and later you explain that I'm totally wrong. So we agree that we move to Lodz Ghetto?
 * I have quoted an erroneous phrase from the page. The official name of the city wasn't Łódź, so a comment should be addet in this place.Xx236 (talk) 07:13, 24 July 2019 (UTC)
 * I showed evidence against Litzmannstadt. As for Lodz vs. Łódź - that's a more complex question and more difficult to evaluate (and at present - I don't have a position). Icewhiz (talk) 07:24, 24 July 2019 (UTC)
 * You showed evidence against renaming the page to litzmannstadt and for Lodz. You haven't defended the quoted phrase. But you write "I don't have a position". You can't have a position and don't have it in one thread. Unless you use some assertivness trics.Xx236 (talk) 11:59, 24 July 2019 (UTC)

Ghetto or expulsion of Jews?
All Polish Jews were to be expelled to the Generalgouvernement eventually, while the non-Jewish population of Polish people reduced significantly, and transformed into a slave labour force for Germany. - what is the source of this phrase? It was a general strategy for Wartheland but was it formulated exactly for Lodz? The Ghetto was organized in February 1940 already.Xx236 (talk) 12:08, 24 July 2019 (UTC)

The Łódź Ghetto or Litzmannstadt Ghetto
The lead should explain the name. The only official name was Litzmannstadt Ghetto, the Germans didn't use Polish diacritics, their typwriters were German. Xx236 (talk) 08:34, 20 September 2019 (UTC) The Yad Vashem uses the name Lodz Ghetto. Two Yad Vashem references are dead.Xx236 (talk) 08:40, 20 September 2019 (UTC)
 * The Frankfurt reference says Lodz. The next collection - the same. Xx236 (talk) 08:42, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

The Lack of Food
I will add information on the food consumption of people in the Ghetto, the hierarchy of receiving food, the ration card system, and the general physical health of the Ghetto dwellers due to malnutrition. My information will come from Dr. Helene Sinnreich who is a professor at the University of Knoxville and serves as the editor in chief of the "Journal of Jewish Identities". I will also describe what Dr. Sinnreich wrote about food embezzlement by police forces and German control over the importation of food. The specific calorie intake is important when describing the the lack of food in the Lodz Ghetto so I will elaborate on how many calories on average people took in. I will add that the processes of purchasing food relied heavily on the quantity and quality of the goods that the Ghetto citizens brought from their houses. I will explain that previous social class and wealth before the Ghetto was established often determined the fate of food accessibility. Altogether I will add 200-300 words. If anyone wants to comment on these changes, please let me know on this Talk Page or on my Talk Page. Delaynie799 (talk) 07:04, 18 November 2019 (UTC)

Notable inmates: order of list and addition of Edmund Speyer
The list of notable inmates was sorted in alphabetical order. I added Jakob Edmund Speyer, a medicinal chemist who was one of the coinventors of the opioid oxycodone (along with Martin Freund, who died in 1920). The Chronicle of the Lodz Ghetto recorded his death under the heading "Death of a Famous Scientist". Martin Gilbert's Holocaust mentions him (p. 346), using the Chronicle as a source. There is no article on him in English Wikipedia, but there is one on German Wikipedia. As a co-inventor of a medicinal drug, particularly one that's received much public attention, I'm confident he would qualify as notable for this article as well as an article of his own.

The Chronicle says Speyer died "in the ghetto, at the age of 63, as a result of exhaustion and weakening of the heart". One conflicting source says he died at Sobibor, but that wasn't yet operating; he died on the second day of the deportations to Chelmno between 4 and 15 May 1942. Roches (talk) 01:29, 3 June 2020 (UTC)

In red ... in map?
The first image's caption says "in red, Kinder KZ...". I see nothing in the map that is red. 73.127.147.187 (talk) 20:44, 14 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Yeah, that whole caption was broken. I fixed it some. --jpgordon𝄢𝄆 𝄐𝄇 00:00, 15 February 2021 (UTC)

Great, thanks. Cool signature. 73.127.147.187 (talk) 13:26, 15 February 2021 (UTC)

Camp for Polish children
There is a mistake in the article. The camp for Polish children housed children AGED 2-16. Must be corrected.

Number of Lodz Ghetto survivors
As someone noted above, link 8 is dead. The number given of 10,000 seems to be a rounded estimate. Is there a good database source, perhaps United States Holocaust Museum, that would have a more accurate figure? I'm not familiar with the various organizations who keep these figures but this seems like a key piece of information for this topic that should be as accurate as possible. JettaMann (talk) 20:12, 19 October 2021 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 8 November 2023
Please modify this statement

Judenrein (cleansed of its Jewish presence)

to this form:

Judenrein (cleansed of its Jewish presence)

The two links go to the same article, and it's better to link the term itself than to link a common word that's merely related. 123.51.107.94 (talk) 02:04, 8 November 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅. Pabsoluterince (talk) 05:07, 8 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Łódź Ghetto