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Guelph (federal electoral district)

Guelph (formerly Guelph—Wellington) is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1979. This riding has had a Liberal MP since 1993.

From 2008 until his decision not to run in 2015, the riding's parliamentary seat was held by Liberal MP Frank Valeriote. Valeriote had announced his intention to retire on November 15, 2014. The Liberal candidate in the 2015 federal election in the riding was Lloyd Longfield, who previously served as president of the Guelph Chamber of Commerce. Longfield was first elected on October 19, 2015 and reelected on October 21, 2019.

History
Guelph riding was created in 1976 from parts of Halton—Wentworth, Wellington and Wellington—Grey ridings. It consisted initially of the Townships of Eramosa, Guelph, Pilkington and Puslinch and the City of Guelph in the County of Wellington.

The electoral district was abolished in 1987 when it was merged into Guelph—Wellington riding, adding Erin to the existing boundaries. In 1996, Erin and Pilkington was removed from the riding.

In 2003, a new riding of Guelph was created again, consisting solely of the City of Guelph.

This riding gained a fraction of territory from Wellington—Halton Hills during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

A so-called "robocall" or voter suppression scandal occurred in this riding during the 2011 federal election, when hundreds of Guelph voters who were opposition supporters received automated calls, or 'robocalls', claiming to be from Elections Canada on election day, May 2, 2011. These calls directed them to the wrong polling stations. While reports of such calls were also alleged in five other ridings, later described as election fraud by a Federal Court judge, there was insufficient evidence to support charges in those ridings. The "robocall" incidents were referred to as the "Pierre Poutine" scandal because a cellphone in the affair was registered to a fictitious Pierre Poutine of Separatist Street in Joliette, Quebec.

On June 2, 2014, Michael Sona, the former director of communications for the Conservative candidate in Guelph was charged with "wilfully preventing or endeavouring to prevent an elector from voting". Sona was found guilty on November 14, 2014 and was sentenced to nine months in jail plus twelve months of probation. During the trial, Justice Hearn agreed with the Crown prosecutor's allegation that Sona had likely not acted alone. Sona was released from the Maplehurst Correctional Complex on December 1, 2014, on bail after serving twelve days, pending his appeal of the sentence. He did not appeal the conviction.

Based on another incident during the 2011 federal election campaign, Liberal MP Frank Valeriote’s riding association was fined by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission for violations of the Unsolicited Telecommunications Rules. As reported by the National Post, this fine was based on a robocall message that anonymously attacked the Conservative opponent's position on abortion. The call failed to identify its originator and did not give a callback number. Under a settlement agreement with Valeriote, the CRTC assessed a CA$4,900 fine.

Political geography
In 2008, the election in Guelph was a four-way one between the NDP, Greens, the Tories and the Liberals, who came out on top. The NDP only won a small handful of polls in the centre part of the city, which was also where the Greens did well. In fact, the Greens dominated the central part of the city. The Tories did well on the fringes of the city, mostly along the northern borders and in the far south of the city. The Liberals won the southern and northern and western parts of the city. In 2011, despite a Conservative majority that saw the Liberals have their worst result ever, they were able to retain the seat by a larger margin as the substantial Green voteshare fell by almost 15 points. In 2015, Liberal voteshare once again rose, to almost 50%. In 2019, the Greens made a major comeback to finish in second ahead of the Conservatives with 26%. However, the Liberals retained the seat with a comfortable 15 point margin.

Demographics

 * According to the 2021 Canadian census

 * Languages: 74.5% English, 1.5% Punjabi, 1.4% Mandarin, 1.3% Italian, 1.2% Spanish, 1.2% Tagalog, 1.2% Vietnamese, 1.1% French
 * Religions: 49.7% Christian (23.9% Catholic, 4.1% United Church, 3.9% Anglican, 2.2% Presbyterian, 2.0% Christian Orthodox, 1.1% Baptist, 12.5% Other), 4.5% Muslim, 2.7% Hindu, 1.5% Buddhist, 1.5% Sikh, 38.7% None
 * Median income: $44,400 (2020)
 * Average income: $55,200 (2020)

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of the Canadian House of Commons:

2008
The call for a federal election to be held on October 14, 2008 occurred when Guelph was already in the throes of a by-election scheduled for September 8, which was intended to replace retiring Liberal MP Brenda Chamberlain. As a result of this, the by-election was cancelled, and the four major candidates running opted to represent their parties again in the federal election. They included: Frank Valeriote, a local lawyer with thorough community experience who had garnered the Liberal nomination in an upset over Marva Wisdom; Gloria Kovach, a popular city councillor and former President of the Federation of Canadian Municipalities who was controversially handed the Conservative nomination after incumbent nominee Brent Barr was ousted; Tom King, a renowned author and Native rights activist who received several high-profile endorsements after his NDP nomination; and Mike Nagy, a long-time Green Party spokesperson.

Initially in Guelph, optimism ran high that either the NDP, Green Party, or Conservative Party could procure the seat, as many felt that the nominees might benefit from the relative unpopularity of Stéphane Dion's Liberals and the gaffes made by prior Liberal MP Brenda Chamberlain, who had failed to show up to a number of Parliamentary votes and retired before the end of her term in office. Ultimately, however, Frank Valeriote was able to narrowly garner the seat over star candidate Gloria Kovach, who lost by around three percent and decreased the margin of defeat for her party. Noteworthy, too, was the increase in the electoral returns of the Green Party, who managed to fare better than the federal NDP in Guelph for the first time, finishing with twenty-one percent of the vote – almost three times what they had received in the 2006 election. In terms of distance from winning position, Guelph was the Green Party's best result in the country in 2008.

2004
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

1988–2003
The riding was part of the riding known as Guelph—Wellington from 1988 to 2003. It was created in 1987 to include parts of Wellington—Dufferin—Simcoe electoral districts.

Guelph—Wellington initially consisted of the City of Guelph, the Village of Erin, and the townships of Eramosa, Erin, Guelph, Pilkington and Puslinch in the County of Wellington.

In 1996, the riding was re-defined to consist of the City of Guelph and the townships of Eramosa, Guelph and Puslinch before being abolished in 2003, and split into the current electoral district and Wellington—Halton Hills electoral district.

Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997 election.

title: Guelph (federal electoral district)


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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Thare and Nonseng

The (Roman Catholic) Archdiocese of Thare and Nonseng (Archidioecesis Tharensis et Nonsengensis; อัครสังฆมณฑลท่าแร่-หนองแสง, ) is located in the north-east of Thailand. It is based in Tha Rae, a subdistrict municipality (thesaban tambon) in the Mueang Sakon Nakhon district.

Area
The diocese covers an area of 25,477 km², covering four provinces of Thailand - Kalasin, Mukdahan, Nakhon Phanom and Sakon Nakhon. As of 2001, of the 3.1 million citizen 49,489 are member of the Catholic Church. It is divided into 30 parishes, having 51 priests altogether. By December 31, 2006, the archdiocese had 51,275 Catholics, 1.61 percent of the territory's population.

3 dioceses are suffragans of the archdiocese:
 * Nakhon Ratchasima
 * Ubon Ratchathani
 * Udon Thani

History
The archdiocese traces its origin back to the Vicariate Apostolic of Laos, which was established on May 4, 1899, responsible for all of what is now northeast Thailand and modern-day Laos. The seat of the vicariate was at Ban Nonseng, Nakhon Phanom Province. In 1938 the northern part was split off to create the Prefecture Apostolic of Vientiane and Luang-Prabang. After the independence of Laos in 1949 the vicariate was divided: on December 21, 1950, the Laotian part was split off to create the Prefecture Apostolic of Thakhek, while the Thai part became the Vicariate Apostolic of Thare. In 1960 it was renamed the Vicariate Apostolic of Thare and Nonseng, and was promoted as the Archdiocese of Thare and Nonseng on December 18, 1965.

Cathedral
The St. Michael the Archangel Cathedral is located in Ban Tha Rae, Tha Rae subdistrict, Mueang Sakon Nakhon district, at the northern shore of the Nong Han Lake, 17.25417°N, 104.18417°W.

Bishops
Before Thare and Nonseng became a diocese, the administrator had the title vicar, but was also a titular bishop. The ordinary was raised to Archbishop on 18 December 1965.
 * Marie-Joseph Cuaz, M.E.P.: June 22, 1899 - 1912
 * Constant-Jean Prodhomme, M.E.P.: June 2, 1913 - August 20, 1920
 * Ange-Marie Joseph Gouin, M.E.P.: April 26, 1922 - July 1, 1943
 * Henri-Albert Thomine, M.E.P.: July 29, 1944 - March 21, 1945
 * Claudius Philippe Bayet, M.E.P.: April 10, 1947 - May 7, 1953
 * Michael Mongkhol On Prakhongchit, May 7, 1953 - January 23, 1958
 * Michel Kien Samophithak: February 12, 1959 - March 6, 1980
 * Lawrence Khai Saen-Phon-On: March 6, 1980 - May 14, 2004
 * Louis Chamniern Santisukniram: July 1, 2005 - May 13, 2020
 * Anthony Weradet Chaiseri: May 13, 2020 - present

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Haldimand—Norfolk (federal electoral district)

Haldimand—Norfolk is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1979 to 1997, and since 2004. The current Member of Parliament (MP) is Conservative Leslyn Lewis.

Geography
This riding is located in rural Southern Ontario, and comprises Haldimand and Norfolk Counties, except for parts of the Six Nations and New Credit Indian reserves. The total area is 3,073 km2. There are 205 polling divisions. Neighbouring districts include Ancaster—Dundas—Flamborough—Westdale, Brant, Elgin—Middlesex—London, Niagara West—Glanbrook, Oxford, and Welland.

Demographics

 * According to the 2021 Canadian census

Languages: 89.5% English, 1.9% German, 1.0% Dutch

Religions: 62.1% Christian (20.4% Catholic, 8.1% United Church, 6.0% Anglican, 3.5% Baptist, 2.6% Presbyterian, 2.1% Reformed, 2.0% Anabaptist, 1.5% Pentecostal, 1.4% Lutheran, 14.5% Other), 36.4% None

Median income: $40,800 (2020)

Average income: $49,480 (2020)

History
Haldimand—Norfolk has existed as a federal electoral district twice. It was first created in 1976 from the riding of Norfolk—Haldimand. Haldimand—Norfolk was later abolished in 1996, and was mostly replaced by Haldimand—Norfolk—Brant. It was recreated in 2003 from 12.0% of Erie—Lincoln and 88.0% of Haldimand—Norfolk—Brant.

From its first election in 1979 to 1988, Haldimand—Norfolk was represented by the Progressive Conservative Bud Bradley. In 1988, Liberal Bob Speller defeated Bradley. Speller went on to serve as Minister of Agriculture. In 2004, Haldimand—Norfolk elected Conservative candidate Diane Finley, who was re-elected in 2008 and 2011. After being re-elected in the 2006 election, Finley was appointed to the cabinet as Minister of Human Resources and Skills Development. She was shuffled from the Human Resources and Skills Development Canada to the Citizenship and Immigration Canada portfolio on January 4, 2007. After her 2008 election victory she resumed her former post as Minister of Human Resources and Skills Development in the Conservative minority government, a post she continued to hold until 2013.

This riding was left unchanged after the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

2003–present
Poll-by-poll results

Change from 2000 is based on redistributed results. Conservative Party change is based on the combination of Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative Party totals.

From 1996 until 2003, Haldimand—Norfolk did not exist as a federal riding, and was mostly represented by Haldimand—Norfolk—Brant. Results for 1997 and 2000 can be found on that page.


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Hamilton East—Stoney Creek (federal electoral district)

Hamilton East—Stoney Creek (Hamilton-Est—Stoney Creek) is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004.

The riding was formed in 2003 from parts of the former ridings of Hamilton East and Stoney Creek.

Of the 115,709 constituents of the riding, a slight majority were previously constituents in the former riding of Stoney Creek. 58,462 constituents were part of the Stoney Creek riding while 57,247 constituents originated from Hamilton East.

This riding lost territory to Hamilton Centre during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Demographics

 * According to the 2021 Canadian census

Languages: 67.6% English, 3.5% Italian, 2.7% Serbian, 2.3% Punjabi, 2.2% Croatian, 1.9% Polish, 1.6% Spanish, 1.5% Arabic, 1.3% Urdu, 1.2% French, 1.1% Portuguese

Religions: 57.5% Christian (33.5% Catholic, 5.1% Christian Orthodox, 3.6% Anglican, 2.8% United Church, 1.5% Presbyterian, 1.0% Pentecostal, 10.0% other), 6.5% Muslim, 2.6% Sikh, 1.8% Hindu, 30.1% none

Median income: $38,800 (2020)

Average income: $47,360 (2020)

Geography
It consists of the part of the City of Hamilton lying north of the Niagara Escarpment and east of Ottawa Street.

The riding consists of the neighbourhoods of, Cherry Heights, Homeside, Normanhurst, McQuesten, Glenview, Rosedale, Red Hill, Vincent, Gershome, Greenford, Corman, Kentley, Riverdale, Parkview West, Parkview East, Nashdale, Lake Grayside and the eastern half of The Delta in the former City of Hamilton plus the part of the former City of Stoney Creek north of the Niagara Escarpment including the "Old Town", Fruitland and Winona.

Member of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Election results

 * align="left" colspan=2|New Democratic Party gain from Liberal
 * align="right"|Swing
 * align="right"| -1.4
 * align="right"|


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Huron—Bruce (federal electoral district)

Huron—Bruce (formerly known as Huron and Huron—Middlesex) is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1953.

History
The riding was created in 1952 from parts of Huron North and Huron—Perth ridings. It consisted of the township of Hibbert in the county of Perth, and the townships of Hullett, McKillop, Stanley, Tuckersmith, Hay, Stephen, Usborne, Grey, Morris, Colborne, Goderich, Ashfield, East Wawanosh and West Wawanosh in the county of Huron.

In 1966, it was redefined to consist of the County of Huron excluding the Village of Lucknow, and the Village of Ailsa Craig and the Townships of Biddulph and McGillivray in the County of Middlesex.

It was known as "Huron" until 1974. It was known as "Huron—Middlesex" from 1974 to 1976.

In 1976, it was renamed "Huron—Bruce", and defined to consist of the County of Huron and the Townships of Carrick, Culross, Huron and Kinloss in the County of Bruce.

In 1987, the Bruce County portion was redefined as the part of the County of Bruce lying west of and excluding the townships of Carrick, Brant and Elderslie, west of and including the Village of Paisley, west of and excluding the Townships of Elderslie and Arran, and west of and including the Township of Saugeen and the Town of Southampton.

In 2003, the Bruce County portion was redefined as the part of the County of Bruce lying southwest of and excluding the Township of Arran-Elderslie, and west of and including the Town of Saugeen Shores.

This riding was left unchanged after the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Huron—Bruce (1976–present)
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997 election.


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User talk:Gvorl

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Armenian Genocide
I understand you are trying to help, and I encourage any attempt to make this article neutral, however seperate articles will not work as there isnt much to say, the people dispute anything remotely suggesting "no genocide was not the case" or anything. --Cool Cat My Talk 12:07, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

English
I sympathise with your difficulty with English. It is a terrible language which is not bound by many concrete grammatical rules, and most of those are not obeyed. It'd be much better if everyone learned Esperanto.

 * Thanks, I red about Esperanto, it seems to be easy language :-) I am learning English several years already, but it stil make difficulties for me :-) But have you heard about Lithuanian? It is language where are no rules at all, but only a million exceptions from something... I do not know what :-) Simply there is no any concrete structure in sentences. Extermally syntetic language, where Chomsky grammar loses sense. Few years ago I red about lithuanian scientists who already made some automated language recognition systems for KGB on early seventies and worked later on lithuanian language parsing (currently successors of that group produce some automated verbal ordering systems for China) but even that group was unable to make working lithuanian text interpretator :-) --Gvorl 20:39, 9 July 2005 (UTC)

Strict counting of decades
Greetings, Tractor!

As the main recent contributor to "lt", you may be interested in my comment (mostly in English) on the Latin Wikipedia about the fact that is, la, lt, and mi are among the few WPs that have pages for decades, measured strictly from 1 A.D. - la:Vicipaedia:Taberna.

Robin Patterson 01:36, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

 * There are two different traditions of counting:
 * The first one is scientific which counts decades from 1 A.D., in such tradition there are no nonsenses, like "0 A.D." and after-effects like "2000 is a first year of a new millenium".
 * The second tradition is maybe journalistic one, where counting is simple and "mathematical", using a major number of a year. This is reason why it is widelly supported. But reality is that such counting is incorrect (it is incorrect to name some period "1950s", because "0s" does not exist).
 * There is only way to solve this problem: correct all the wikipedias which use "0s" style to use correct scientific style. But this is bit complicated because of the two reasons:
 * It is really BIG work, who will do that?
 * Here are lots of people who do not know even basics of arithmetics, so you'll have lots of oponents :-)
 * The very simple illustration for this problem provided by one of my colleagues: if you have box of beer containing 20 bottles, the 20th bottle wasn't from the second box, it was from the first one. --Gvorl 10:40, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

Kaliningrad Oblast
Please watch the article Kaliningrad Oblast as there is one person (user:Ghirlandajo) who does various changes without discussions and dismisses many arguements, even most supported ones (if they are against his Russian agenda), without explaining. He would want and did try to remove information about Lithuania Minor and such, and already removed/tried to remove some true information. Please watch the page so that wouldn't happen in future and valuable information would not be deleted from wikipedia.

Barnstar
Thanks, I greatly appreciate it. Fadix 01:19, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

Thank you
BTW, I already came accross your page in question, and guessed somehow what there was in it, even though, I don't know the language. I tried to find words I understand and extrapolated from it. I also hope, that you have anaylsed my progression, from a harsh member(Torque vs me), to an OK member. I think, from the analysis of the cases, you can mae recommendations at the Armenian Genocide entry, for the resolution of the conflict. Regards. Fadix 18:09, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Huh, at least you never had been a troll :-) But yes, it is very clear that your position was changed, from being representative of some POV (it does not matter that according to sources we have your POV seems to be right) to being representative of Wikipedia with lots of POVs and now your behavior is more delicate. About that my NPOV page - there are mostly narrations of most interesting and important discussion events and sections with analysis of changes in overall situation. We think that in most cases every discussion can be identified as being in some stage, like "factual analysis", "personal conflicts", "indefinable claims", etc., also, as conflicts, like "conflicts between persons", "conflicts between groups", etc.. Claims of discussion members can be analysed too, like, what was actual content - "facts and refferences", "analysis of other users claims", etc.. According to identified things, discussion often can be pushed to a better level. There are some links related to the same theme on that page, I'll post them here because of them are in English:

So, best wishes to you :-) --Gvorl 19:12, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 *
 *
 * , especially - "Participant Materials", "Module 2" and "Module 6"
 * Also, one thing... It is only my personal (and unofficial) opinion, not to be used as any argument. I described behaviour (with examples) of that ONE person (you know) to one of my friends, psychiatrist, who of course can not give diagnosis by web, but seems that such behaviour, like pathological (uncontrolled, unstopable, imprudent and finally - fatal) lying, intrigues, manipulations, etc. seems like psychotic behaviour, when user tries to over-control situation with lots of other persons, but finally can not keep all the things in his hands and that control starts falling... One such falling was few months ago, and now another one started. You know this. I think, that person can not live in reality, so please, be patient with him. It's a pitty, but seems that being troll is some kind of illness. -- Gvorl 19:12, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

RfA
Hi there, I thought you might be interested in leaving a note on my RfA discussion. Unfortunately I don't serve starka at that party, but still it might be worth it to take a look. Halibutt 07:05, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

I would like to express my thanks to all the people who took part in my (failed) RfA voting. I was both surprised and delighted about the amount of support votes and all the kind words! I was also surprised by the amount of people who stated clearly that they do care, be it by voting in for or against my candidacy. That's what Wiki community is about and I'm really pleased to see that it works. As my RfA voting failed with 71% support, I don't plan to reapply for adminship any more. However, I hope I might still be of some help to the community. Cheers! Halibutt 05:10, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Probably I should've replaced the flower with either or even  :) Too bad we can't host flavours and tastes on the commons. Halibutt 18:18, 7 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Speaking of which, the German wikipedians are holding a meeting this summer in Usedom on the Baltic Sea. Interested?  // Halibutt 10:22, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

Your admin status (Tractor)
Hello. I'm a steward. A new policy regarding the removal of "advanced rights" (administrator, bureaucrat, etc.) was adopted by community consensus recently. According to this policy, the stewards are reviewing administrators' activity on wikis with no inactivity policy. You meet the inactivity criteria (no edits and no log actions for 2 years) on ltwiki, where you are a bureaucrat and administrator. Since that wiki does not have its own administrators' rights review process, the global one applies. If you want to keep your rights, you should inform the community of the wiki about the fact that the stewards have sent you this information about your inactivity. If the community has a discussion about it and then wants you to keep your rights, please contact the stewards at m:Stewards' noticeboard, and link to the discussion of the local community, where they express their wish to continue to maintain the rights, and demonstrate a continued requirement to maintain these rights. We stewards will evaluate the responses. If there is no response at all after approximately one month, we will proceed to remove your administrative rights. In cases of doubt, we will evaluate the responses and will refer a decision back to the local community for their comment and review. If you have any questions, please contact us on m:Stewards' noticeboard. Best regards, Rschen7754 03:43, 14 August 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gvorl


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Kenora (federal electoral district)

Kenora is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004.

Of the federal electoral districts located in Ontario it is the largest by area, and the smallest by population. It encompasses most of Kenora District except for the eastern third, and a small section of the northwest corner of Thunder Bay District. It includes many remote First Nations reserves of extreme Northern Ontario. It succeeds the former federal riding of Kenora—Rainy River.

Geography
It consists of the part of the Territorial District of Kenora lying west of a line drawn due north from the northeast corner of the Territorial District of Thunder Bay (Albany River) to Hudson Bay; and the part of the Territorial District of Thunder Bay lying northwest of a line drawn east from the western limit of the territorial district along the 6th Base Line, north along eastern limit of the townships of Bertrand, McLaurin, Furlonge, Fletcher and Bulmer, and due north to the northern limit of the territorial district.

History
The federal riding was created in 2003 from parts of the Kenora—Rainy River riding. This riding was left unchanged after the 2012 electoral redistribution. Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, this riding will be renamed Kenora—Kiiwetinoong at the first election held after approximately April 2024. It will subsequently lose Fort Hope 64, Neskantaga, Webequie, and Summer Beaver to Thunder Bay—Superior North.

Member of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of the House of Commons of Canada:

Demographics
According to the 2021 Canadian census

Ethnic groups: 48.7% Indigenous, 51.3% Non-Indigenous

Languages: 82.2% English, 5.9% Oji-Cree, 4.4% Ojibway, 1.5% French

Religions: 46.6% Christian (16.2% Catholic, 9.4% Anglican, 5.9% United Church, 2.2% Pentecostal, 2.1% Lutheran, 1.5% Baptist, 9.3% other), 5.9% Indigenous sprituality, 46.2% none

Median income: $41,600 (2020)

Average income: $49,680 (2020)

title: Kenora (federal electoral district)


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Kingston and the Islands (federal electoral district)

Kingston and the Islands (Kingston et les Îles) is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968.

It covers part of the city of Kingston, Ontario and the sparsely populated Frontenac Islands in the St. Lawrence River.

It has been represented since the 2015 federal election by Liberal Mark Gerretsen.

Demographics
According to the 2021 Canadian census
 * Ethnic groups: 80.1% White, 6.0% Indigenous, 3.6% South Asian, 2.5% Chinese, 2.1% Black, 1.3% Arab, 1.0% Latin American
 * Languages: 84.7% English, 4.1% French, 1.3% Mandarin, 1.1% Portuguese, 1.0% Arabic
 * Religions: 50.5% Christian (23.8% Catholic, 6.6% Anglican, 6.4% United Church, 1.3% Presbyterian, 1.0% Baptist, 11.4% other), 2.7% Muslim, 1.4% Hindu, 42.9% none
 * Median income: $41,600 (2020)
 * Average income: $54,100 (2020)

History
The riding was created in 1966 from Kingston and parts of Hastings—Frontenac—Lennox and Addington and Prince Edward—Lennox.

In 1966, it was defined to consist of the City of Kingston, the Townships of Howe Island, Kingston and Wolfe Island, and the southwest part of the Township of Pittsburg, in the County of Frontenac; and the Township of Amherst Island in the County of Lennox and Addington.

In 1996, the Township of Pittsburgh portion of the riding was redefined to consist of the part of the township lying to the south of Highway 401.

In 2003, it was redefined to consist of the Township of Frontenac Islands and the City of Kingston in the County of Frontenac.

In 2013, the riding's borders were adjusted to remove the area north of Highway 401 from the riding, which became part of a new district, Lanark—Frontenac—Kingston. These new borders came into effect for the 2015 federal election.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:


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Mary Dennett

Mary Coffin Ware Dennett (April 4, 1872 – July 25, 1947) was an American women's rights activist, pacifist, homeopathic advocate, and pioneer in the areas of birth control, sex education, and women's suffrage. She co-founded the National Birth Control League in 1915 together with Jessie Ashley and Clara Gruening Stillman. She founded the Voluntary Parenthood League, served in the National American Women's Suffrage Association, co-founded the Twilight Sleep Association, and wrote a famous pamphlet on sex education and birth control. A famous legal case against her eventually became the catalyst for overturning the Comstock laws.

Early life
Mary Coffin Ware Dennett was born April 4, 1872, in her hometown Worcester, Massachusetts. Dennett was the second child of four born to George and Vonie Ware. Dennett was a precocious, talkative, and assertive child, "scolding [her older brother] for striking her, often quoting the Bible." At age 10, her father died of cancer. Her mother supported the family by organizing European tours for young women. While her mother was absent on tours, Dennett and her siblings often lived with their Aunt Lucia Ames Mead, a prominent social reformer. Dennett enrolled in the School of Art and Design in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts in 1891 and graduated with first honors, then took a teaching position at the Drexel Institute of Art in Philadelphia in 1894. She also had a position at Drexel Institute teaching design and decoration from 1894 to 1897.

Marriage and children
Dennett married William Hartley Dennett, an architect, in 1900. They shared the ideal of the Arts and Crafts movement and soon bought a farmhouse in Framingham, Massachusetts. They founded an architectural and interior design firm. In addition to her work as an interior designer and guadamacile maker, Dennett continued to lecture and write about the Arts and Crafts movement.

The Dennetts’ first child a son named Carlton was born in December 1900, after a difficult labor that nearly killed the mother. After another difficult labor, their second child a son named Appleton was born in 1903. However the baby was frail and died 3 weeks later. A third child was born in 1905, another boy named Devon, again after a difficult labor. Following this labor Dennett became ill and had to give up her professional work in order to recover. This time the doctor told the Dennetts that they should not have any more children, due to a laceration in her uterus that required corrective surgery. However her doctor did not give them any information on birth control. Later Dennett wrote of their lack of information on birth control:

"I was utterly ignorant of the control of conception, as was my husband also. We had never had anything like normal relations, having approximated almost complete abstinence in the endeavor to space our babies.'"

Divorce and notoriety
In 1904, Dennett's husband William Hartley Dennett began work on a house for Dr. Heman Lincoln Chase and his wife Margaret. Hartley Dennett and Margaret Chase eventually developed an extremely close relationship, culminating in William Hartley Dennett moving out of his and Mary's house in 1909. Concerned about the effect that Hartley was having on their children, Dennett filed for divorce in 1912, at the time an unusual and scandalous action. The courts finalized Dennett's divorce and granted her full custody of her children in 1913. The divorce proceedings were a popular topic in the local newspapers, to Mary Dennett's great discomfort.

Career as women's rights advocate
Motivated by both a desire to escape the unpleasant realities of her life as well as William Hartley Dennett's refusal to financially support his children, Mary Dennett returned to working outside the home, but not in her previous career as an artist and interior designer. In 1908 she accepted the position of field secretary of the Massachusetts Women's Suffrage Association, beginning a long career in public advocacy for women's rights.

Dennett worked for the cause of women's suffrage from 1910 to 1914, a period that marked the revival of the women's suffrage movement, which had stagnated during the previous decade. After several years of work for the National American Women's Suffrage Association, she became disillusioned with the organization and resigned from her position.

Dennett co-founded the Twilight Sleep Association (1913), which advocated the use of scopolamine and morphine to ease the pain of childbirth. Statistics showed that twilight sleep reduced infant mortality and the risk of injury and infection, due to reduced use of forceps. She served as acting president until 1914, then as vice president.

When the European war broke out in 1914, Dennett joined the Women's Peace Party, an anti-war movement. In 1916, she served as field secretary for the American Union against Militarism, organizing meetings in several large cities. Dennett's work to re-elect Woodrow Wilson (under the belief that he would not declare war) led to a respected job as executive secretary for the League for Progressive Democracy. She resigned after Wilson did enter the United States into the war in 1917. She next co-founded and was employed by the People's Council of America, a socialist peace movement inspired by the Bolsheviks.

In 1915, Dennett's name was again in the newspapers, against her wishes. Her ex-husband Hartley Dennett, his partner Margaret Chase, and her husband Dr. Chase extended a public invitation to Mary Dennett to, as one newspaper put it, "adopt the creed of harmonious love and form a quadrangle" with the three of them. Dennett feared the negative effect that her involuntary notoriety might have on the organizations she worked with and considered resigning from the Twilight Sleep Association.

In 1914, Dennett met Margaret Sanger, a birth control advocate. Dennett was intrigued, but did not feel financially secure enough to join the birth control movement at the time. In 1915, Dennett wrote a sex education pamphlet for her children, as the result of the lack of any existing educational material that met her standards, which included scientific correctness, sex-positivity, and discussion of the emotional side of sexual relationships. The arrest of William Sanger in 1915 for distributing Margaret Sanger's birth control pamphlet catalyzed the birth control movement in the United States, and this time Dennett decided to get involved.

Dennett co-founded The National Birth Control League in 1915 with Jesse Ashley and Clara Gruening Stillman. In 1918, she became the NBCL's executive secretary and started a campaign to make birth control information legal, giving lectures and lobbying state legislatures to change the laws. During this time, her pamphlet on sex education, "The Sex Side of Life," was published. Later, as the NBCL faltered, she resigned as executive secretary and founded a new organization, the Voluntary Parenthood League, which focused on repealing anti-birth control information laws at the federal level.

In 1929, Dennett was arrested for her work with sex education, women's rights, and birth control. Many people felt that her work was obscene and she should be imprisoned or fined. "Mary Dennett sounded defiant, proclaiming she would pay no fine, however small: 'If a few federal officials want to use their power to penalize me for my work for the young people of this country, they must bear the shame of a jail sentence. It is government which is disgraced, not I." Dennet was proud of her work in sexual education and wanted it to last. In 1941, Mary Dennett became elected chair of a new movement, the World Federalists.

Women's suffrage
Dennett did not become active in the women's suffrage movement until her marriage began to break up. Later, she wrote, "I went into suffrage work, as perhaps you know, because I needed an anesthetic at the time, and suffrage was the nearest thing at hand that was unconnected with my previous work." She began as field secretary of the Massachusetts Suffrage Association, organizing lectures, rallies, sermons, cheap meals, speaking tours to gather signatures for petitions, and similar outreach efforts. Dennett's opinion on why women deserved the vote was simple: "Our basic principles that 'governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed' [...] undeniably imply the right of women to direct representation by the vote, since women are governed and women are people."

In 1910, Dennett's success in Massachusetts led the National American Woman Suffrage Association to aggressively recruit her for the position of Corresponding Secretary, reporting to Dr. Anna Howard Shaw. At the time, the NAWSA was ineffective and riven by factional conflict, which many blamed on Dr. Shaw's leadership. Taking the job required Mary to move from Boston to New York City, a hardship for her since she couldn't afford to move her children with her. Dennett successfully resolved much of the internal conflict in NAWSA within a few months, while supporting Dr. Shaw. Many prominent NAWSA members credited Dennett with reuniting the NAWSA membership and turning the organization around. In 1910, Washington State granted women the right to vote, the first state to do so in 14 years.

Later, Dennett became disillusioned with NAWSA after an unsuccessful attempt to reorganize to be more effective and what she saw as wasteful decisions overly influenced by wealthy donors. She resigned her position at NAWSA in 1914.

Birth control movement
Dennett became inspired to fight for birth control after she sustained a laceration on her uterus after surgery. Because of the surgery, she was advised by her doctor to not have children, and the only way she could ensure that she wouldn't become pregnant was by practicing abstinence. After William Sanger's arrest for distributing birth control information inspired a resurgence in the American birth control movement, Dennett co-founded The National Birth Control League in 1915 with Jesse Ashley and Clara Gruening Stillman. Dennett decided to start by rallying public support to strike down laws restricting birth control information. Later, as the NBCL faltered, she resigned as executive secretary and founded a new organization, the Voluntary Parenthood League. She used lobbying and lectures to promote the cause.

Fight for "straight repeal" to allow birth control information
Beginning in 1919, Dennett focused on a "straight repeal" of the birth control provisions of the Comstock Act at the federal level, rather than state-by-state efforts. She lobbied Congress to simply remove the words "prevention of conception" from federal obscenity statutes. Dennett repeatedly lobbied individual senators in person for a year before she found one willing to sponsor the bill, Senator H. Heisler Ball, a former practicing physician. However, he never introduced the bill.

In 1921, Dennett changed her approach and decided to work directly with the postmaster general, whose responsibility it was to enforce the laws banning distribution of birth control information through the mails (although in practice this was not enforced). Postmaster General William Hayes seemed sympathetic, but resigned before taking any action. His replacement, Dr. Hubert Work, was adamantly opposed to birth control information, earlier stating that his opinions on birth control could be summarized as "sterilize all boys and girls who are unfit to become parents, and then let nature take its course unhindered."

Dennett returned to lobbying Congress in 1922, pointing out that private opinion of members of congress must be in favor of birth control since the average number of children of a member of congress was 2.7. She continued to have difficulty finding sponsors for the bill, but succeeded in 1923 when Senator Albert B. Cummins introduced the straight repeal bill in the Senate. However, the bill made no further progress during that session, since Cummins was unable to succeed in getting the rest of the Senate to vote on it due to mass absenteeism when it came up for a vote.

In the next session of Congress, Representative William N. Vaile sponsored the bill in the House of Representatives. However, it was also stalled continually and never came to a vote. In addition, Margaret Sanger and her organization lobbied in favor of a version of the bill that would allow birth control information to doctors only, and lobbied against the "straight repeal" bill. In 1925, Dennett gave up on passing the "straight repeal" bill and retired from her position at the VPL.

Dennett achieved her goal in an entirely different manner in 1930, by winning an appeal of her conviction for distribution of birth control information under the Comstock Act.

Sex education pamphlet and trial under the Comstock Act
Mary Ware Dennett garnered public attention and media exposure for her sex education pamphlet, “The Sex Side of Life,” which she had written for the benefit of her sons in 1915, because she was unable to find any adequate books on the subject. Many existing sexual-education publications either contained inaccurate information or used fear and shame tactics to dissuade the youth from having sex. Therefore, she decided to write her own explanation using research and interviews with doctors. She passed the writing on to her friends with adolescent children. In 1918, it was published in Medical Review of Reviews, and a year later it was published as a pamphlet.

The pamphlet was 24 pages long. Dennett used scientific discussion of sex while also including the emotion side of sex relations. The pamphlet covered controversial topics including masturbation, sexually transmitted diseases, prostitution, and support for the use of birth control. Her views were considered radical for this time, because she was not promoting abstinence. See Major Works section for more.

After fours years of being in circulation, the Post Office informed Dennett that the pamphlet was obscene, and therefore it was banned from being mailed under the Comstock Act. She continued to mail out the pamphlet after the Post Office ignored her inquiries of what parts of the pamphlet were obscene. In 1928, she was indicted under the Comstock laws for distributing her pamphlet. H. L. Mencken observed the proceedings. He had briefly praised Mrs. Dennett's book in the May 1926 issue of The American Mercury, and took a sympathetic interest in her later legal troubles:

"There is, of course, nothing indecent in that pamphlet; on the contrary, it is notably prudent and clean. The author wrote it for the instruction of her own young sons, and its superiority to most other such literature was so apparent that it was reprinted at length in a medical journal, and circulated in great numbers by clergymen, Y.M.C.A. secretaries, social workers, and other such chemically pure persons. This went on for four and a half years. Then Mrs. Dennett, who is engaged in birth-control propaganda, began annoying the wowsers of the U.S. Post Office by exposing their gross stupidity and disingenuousness in the enforcement of the Comstock Act, and they retorted by barring her pamphlet from the mails. No plainer case of the use of an idiotic law to punish an inconvenient critic could be imagined."

Eventually a safe jury was empanelled by the prosecution “and Mrs. Dennett was quickly convicted, and Judge Burrows fined her $300. The jury was composed entirely of "middle-aged family men". The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) supported and sponsored Dennett, maintaining that her pamphlet was not obscene. In fact, it was an important educational tool for the youth. Six months later the Circuit Court of Appeals, consisting of [Thomas Walker?] Swan, Augustus Noble Hand and Chase, JJ, set aside the verdict, decided that the pamphlet was so obviously not obscene that ‘no case was made for submission to the jury,’ and ordered Mrs. Dennett released from her bond.”

When the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit overturned her conviction in 1930, the Court set a legal precedent that took intent into account in the evaluation of obscenity. Dennett's trial was part of a series of rulings that culminated in the 1936 ruling in United States v. One Package of Japanese Pessaries, which exempted birth control information and materials used by physicians from obscenity laws.

The Real Point
In this piece, Mary Dennett asks the reader to think about women and children under the US legal system. She argues that men have never had to justify why they have a right to vote. She wrote “The Real Point” around 1911 and 1915 advocating for equal voting rights. When women advocated for the right to vote, Dennett states, on the contrary, men are never asked “if all men want to vote, “if he thinks the laws need changing”, “if he will promise to better the laws”, “to give statistics showing whether men have previously used their votes to better the laws”, if he is sure he can still be a good father, and “to remain attractive” after voting. She wishes for everyone to “concentrate all our energies on the real point- namely, that the qualifications for voting shall be made without regard to sex.”

The Sex Side of Life
Dennett wrote the pamphlet, “The Sex Side of Life '' in 1915. Majority of Dennett’s pamphlet was directed towards adolescents and its goal was to inform teenagers about safe sex and sex education. She described sex as passionate and emotional, which was extremely different from how sex was described at the time. Sex was represented solely for reproduction reasons and not for pleasure. She graphically described sex organs, sexual intercourse, and orgasms. She also wrote about birth control methods, contraception, and sexually transmitted diseases. She advocated for masturbation to be more normalized. These thoughts were revolutionary, yet highly controversial for the time period.

Dennett begins her pamphlet with sharing how much of the human experience is universal. She believed that everyone has similar thoughts and feelings, yet we are too embarrassed or uncomfortable to share with others. Her pamphlet helped people feel less alone. Dennett read other booklets pertaining to sex and sex education and didn’t feel comfortable with any of the information provided. This led her to write her own. Dennett shares her perspective of love and normalizes falling out of love. Dennett covered topics from masturbation, labor, and sexually transmitted diseases. Dennett also used detailed diagrams so her readers could easily visualize sex organs.

Birth Control Laws: Shall We Keep Them Change Them or Abolish Them
Dennett published “Birth Control Laws: Shall We Keep Them Change Them or Abolish Them” in 1926. Her main focus was to share her opinions and encourage a discussion concerning how necessary the laws pertaining to birth control are in the United States. She questioned if it would be best to modify the existing laws or completely change them. Her piece consists of explaining the current laws during the time, the laws at a federal level, congress’ role, physicians role, how society views these laws, and her opinions of how the future should look.

Criticism
Criticism arose from this work. Many believed that her book was propaganda, aiming to spread misinformation. Frederick H. Hitchcock wrote in 1936, “This book is obviously propaganda for the removal of federal and state restrictions on the importation, manufacture and distribution of devices and materials wherewith to prevent conception and for the removal of restrictions on the dissemination of information concerning the prevention of conception.”

James E. Wilkinson was the prosecutor during Dennett’s trial for sending her pamphlet through the US mail. He blamed Dennett for bringing the younger generation “not only into the gutter, but below the gutter into the sewer.” After Dennett mentioned birth control, Wilkinson responded with, "What will happen to America if our national standards fall so low? Where will our soldiers come from in our hour of need? God help America if we haven't men to defend her in that hour.".

On April 24 in 1929, the New York Times published an article titled, "Mrs. Dennett Guilty In Sex Booklet Case". Prosecuting attorney James Wilkinson described the booklet as "pure and simple smut" and stated "If I can stand between this woman and the children of the land I will have accomplished something".

Following the court case, several New York newspapers criticized the results. The World called the decision “deeply disturbing”. The Telegram reported the results as "inquisitional injustice”. Post wrote the verdict was “unfair and absurd by an overwhelming public sentiment”.

Publications

 * The Sex Side of Life: An Explanation for Young People
 * What Birth Control Means: Why Women Want Self-Determined Parenthood (Physical Culture, July 1922)
 * Papers, 1874-1945. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
 * Papers, 1874-1945. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.

title: Mary Dennett


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K.Maro

Cyril Kamar (سيريل قمر; born January 31, 1980, in Beirut), known by his stage name K.Maro (sometimes stylized as K-Maro or K'Maro), is a Canadian rapper, singer and businessman of Lebanese origin. He sings in French and English. He is also the founder, the owner, and the CEO of East 47th Music, a record label, and Rock&Cherries Agency, a Paris-based Talents management agency. Both East 47th Music and Rock&Cherries Agency are part of KEG company (Kamar Entertainment Group).

Biography
Cyril Kamar is a francophone and anglophone singer, producer and businessman living between Paris, France and New York City. Cyril Kamar was born in Beirut, Lebanon on January 31, 1980. After the end of the war, he moved with his family to Montreal, Quebec, in 1991.

Music career
K.Maro first broke through to the Quebec charts with his group LMDS, an abbreviation for "Les Messagers du Son". This was a French language hip hop duo in Montreal, Quebec, Canada formed in 1993 and made up of Cyril Kamar, called Lyrik, and Adil Takhssait, called Mélo in the duo.

The band achieved great success in Quebec and launched two successful albums, Les Messagers du Son in 1997 and Il Faudrait Leur Dire in 1999. LMDS broke up in 2001. Both artists continued their musical careers, Cyril Kamar (Lyrik) as K.Maro and Adil Takhssait (Mélo) as Vaï.

Solo career
After the breakup of LMDS, Cyril Kamar became successful as a solo artist, taking the name K.Maro (alternatives K'Maro and K-Maro). As a hip hop and R&B singer-songwriter and producer, his first major hit was "Femme Like U" in 2004, from the album La Good Life. "Femme Like U" was number-one single in 17 countries and Platinum certified, more than two million copies of the song were sold and more than a million copies of La Good Life album were sold.

In 2005, K.Maro released his third album Million Dollar Boy. Subject to commercial success, the album became certified Platinum.

To celebrate his decade-long music career, K.Maro released in 2006, Platinum Remixes album.

K.Maro released his fourth album in 2008, Perfect Stranger, his first all-English album.

His songs are frequently a mix of French and English lyrics, and sometimes Arabic.

Business career
In 2003, Cyril Kamar also established K.Pone Inc Music Group entertainment company, the K.Pone Inc. record label, and the Balbec line of clothing.

In 2010, Cyril Kamar joined Warner Music France as CEO of Ambitious Boys Club label record.

In 2013, he developed other ventures, including East 47th Music label record with Pascal Nègre and Universal Music Group.

Collaborations
In addition to his solo career, K.Maro has collaborated with a number of artists, including:

 * Many collaborations with DJ Shortcut, notably in Fresh, which also featured Moshine. Another collaboration with DJ Shortcut and Moshine was in On est là.
 * He was featured in Chance of The 411, version exclusively available on the French edition of Between the Sheets.
 * He was featured in Le clan chill of Corneille.
 * He was also featured in Nos couleurs of Cheb Mami.
 * He featured Shy'm in his own single Histoires de Luv.
 * Has written a lot of material for Shy'm's debut album Mes Fantaisies, and was featured in À l'abri in the second album of Shy'm, Reflets.
 * He collaborated with Belly and Rad in Change The Game.
 * His song "Love It or Leave It" features Imposs.
 * His song "Out in the Streets Remix" features Jim Jones.
 * His song "Never Walk Away" features Odessa Thornhill.
 * His song "Take You Away (Part 2)" features the Canadian rock singer Jonas Tomalty.
 * He produced the 2013 version of Indonesian singer Anggun's hit "Snow on the Sahara" for her album, Best-Of: Design of a Decade 2003–2013.

Personal life
Since July 2016, Cyril Kamar is married to the French brand and creative consultant, former Jewelry, Watch and Arts editor in chief at CR Fashion Book (Carine Roitfeld's magazine) and Citizen K Magazine.

K.Pone.Inc
K.Maro also runs the K.Pone.Inc. Music Group, an entertainment group that goes into music production, promotion and distribution. K-Pone Inc.'s label, K.Pone Inc., has signed many artists, including:
 * Shy'm (Tamara Marthe)
 * Imposs (S. Rimsky Salgado)
 * Ale Dee (Alexandre Duhaime)
 * Vaï (Adil Takhssait)

Balbec
Balbec is K.Maro's upmarket clothing line. It is named after his hometown Baalbek in Lebanon.

Albums
Chart positions:

Singles / Videos
Chart positions:

 * Non-charting singles / videos
 * 2006: "Gangsta Party"
 * 2006: "Let's go"
 * 2008: "Out in the Streets"
 * 2008: "Take You Away"
 * 2009: "Out In The Streets" (remix) (feat. Jim Jones)
 * 2009: "Elektric"
 * 2009: "Music"

Awards

 * In November 2006, K-Maro won The International Achievement Award at the 17th Gala of the Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada.
 * In 2008, K-Maro won the International Achievement Award at the Francophone SOCAN Awards in Montreal.

title: K.Maro


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Lanark—Frontenac—Lennox and Addington (federal electoral district)

Lanark—Frontenac—Lennox and Addington was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada which was represented in the House of Commons of Canada between 2004 and 2015. It was abolished for the 2015 general election; the Lanark County and Frontenac components of the riding were redistributed to the new district of Lanark—Frontenac—Kingston, while Lennox and Addington County was redistributed to the new district of Hastings—Lennox and Addington.

The riding was created in 2003 from parts of Hastings—Frontenac—Lennox and Addington and Lanark—Carleton, and was first contested in the 2004 federal election. Conservative candidate Scott Reid, the incumbent MP for Lanark-Carleton and Liberal candidate Larry McCormick, incumbent MP for Hastings—Frontenac—Lennox and Addington, both ran for the seat. Bill Vankoughnet, a former Progressive Conservative MP who had represented Hastings—Frontenac—Lennox and Addington prior to 1993, also ran for the seat. Reid was elected by a margin of over 10,000 votes, and was re-elected by gradually increasing margins in 2006, 2008, and 2011. By the final election held in the riding, Reid's margin of victory had grown to 20,000 votes.

The riding's conservative voting pattern was in line with rural ridings immediately to the west of the city of Ottawa; in four federal elections, Reid never dipped below 27,000 votes, while no challenger rose above 18,000 votes. He was the only MP ever elected in Lanark—Frontenac—Lennox and Addington.


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London—Fanshawe (federal electoral district)

London—Fanshawe is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1997.

Geography
The district consists of the southeast part of the City of London.

Specifically, it consists of the part of the city lying east and north of a line drawn from the northern limit of the city south along Highbury Avenue North, west along the Thames River (South Branch), south along the Canadian National Railway, west along Commissioners Road East, south along Wharncliffe Road South, east along Southdale Road East, south along White Oak Road, east along Exeter Road, north along Meg Drive, west along Jalna Boulevard, north along Ernest Avenue, east along Bradley Avenue, north along Highbury Avenue South, east along Arran Place and Bradley Avenue to the eastern limit of the city.

History
The riding was created in 1996 from parts of London East and London—Middlesex. From 1997 until 2005 it was represented by Liberal/Independent Member of Parliament Pat O'Brien.

It consisted initially of the part of the City of London lying east and north of a line drawn from the northern limit of the city south along Highbury Avenue and Highway 126, west along the Thames River, south along the Canadian National Railway tracks, west along Commissioners Road East, south along Wharncliffe Road South, east along Southdale Road East, south along White Oak Road, east along Exeter Road, north along Meg Drive, west along Jalna Boulevard, north along Ernest Avenue, east along Bradley Avenue, north along the Highbury Avenue, east along Arran Place and Bradley Avenue to the eastern limit of the city.

In 2003, it was given its current boundaries as described above.

This riding gained territory from London North Centre and Elgin—Middlesex—London during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Demographics
According to the 2021 Canadian census

Ethnic groups: 67.7% White, 5.8% Arab, 5.4% Black, 5.0% South Asian, 4.4% Indigenous, 3.2% Latin American, 2.4% Southeast Asian, 2.0% Filipino, 1.0% Chinese, 1.0% West Asian

Languages: 72.4% English, 4.1% Arabic, 2.8% Spanish, 1.9% Portuguese, 1.5% Polish, 1.1% French, 1.0% Punjabi

Religions: 48.5% Christian (22.6% Catholic, 3.9% Anglican, 3.8% United Church, 1.6% Baptist, 1.5% Christian Orthodox, 1.5% Pentecostal, 1.3% Presbyterian, 12.3% Other), 8.7% Muslim, 1.3% Hindu, 1.1% Buddhist, 1.1% Sikh, 38.1% None

Median income: $37,600 (2020)

Average income: $43,120 (2020)

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of the House of Commons of Canada:

Current member of Parliament
Its member of Parliament is Lindsay Mathyssen of the New Democratic Party who was first elected in the 2019 election. She replaced her Mother Irene Mathyssen, who did not stand for reelection.

Election results
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997 election.


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Markham—Unionville (federal electoral district)

Markham—Unionville is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004.

Boundaries
Markham—Unionville is located in the City of Markham within an area bordered by a line commencing at the Highway 404-407 interchange, then east along Highway 407 to McCowan Road, north on McCowan Road to 16th Avenue, east on 16th to Highway 48, then to the northern city limit, then along the northern and western city boundaries to the 404-407 interchange.

Demographics

 * According to the 2021 Canadian census

Ethnic groups: 66.6% Chinese, 12.1% White, 9.9% South Asian, 2% Black, 1.4% Filipino, 1.2% West Asian

Languages: 29.5% Yue, 28.4% English, 20.7% Mandarin, 1.6% Tamil

Religions: 51.2% No religion, 33.3% Christian (14.8% Catholic, 2.5% Christian Orthodox, 1.5% Baptist), 4.8% Buddhist, 4.8% Hindu, 4.8% Muslim

Median income (2020): $34,000

Average income (2020): $52,900

History
It is located in the province of Ontario and covers suburban areas north of Toronto. It was created in 2003 from the former Markham riding. The federal riding was first represented by John McCallum until he switched to the newly formed Markham—Thornhill riding for the 2015 election. Markham—Unionville was the only seat that the Liberals lost among those they held after the 2011 election, though the riding's boundaries changed considerably and would have been won by the Conservatives in 2011 based on the redistributed results.

54% of Markham—Unionville's territory (mostly south of Highway 407) was redistributed into the new Markham—Thornhill riding for the 2015 election. The area north of Highway 407 and west of McCowan Road remained in Markham—Unionville. The new Markham—Unionville riding also gained new territoryin the northwest corner of the city of Markham which were previously in the riding of Oak Ridges—Markham. 51% of the new riding came from Oak Ridges—Markham.

Members of Parliament
The riding has elected the following members of Parliament:


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Mississauga—Brampton South

Mississauga—Brampton South was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015.

It consists of the parts of the cities of Mississauga and Brampton bounded by a line drawn from the intersection of Highway 401 with the northeastern limit of the City of Mississauga, south along the city limit, southwest along Burnhamthorpe Road East, northwest along Central Parkway East, southwest along Highway 403, northwest along Mavis Road; thence northwesterly along said road to Eglinton Avenue West; thence southwesterly along said avenue to Terry Fox Way; thence northwesterly along said way to Britannia Road West; thence northeasterly along said road to Mavis Road, southwest along Highway 401, northwest along Mississauga Road, northeast along the northwestern limit of the City of Mississauga, northwest along McLaughlin Road, northeast along Steeles Avenue East, southeast along Kennedy Road South, northeast along the northwestern limit of the City of Mississauga, southeast along Dixie Road, and northeast along Highway 401 to the point of commencement.

Following the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution, the bulk of the district will be part of the new Mississauga—Malton district, with other parts transferred to Mississauga East—Cooksville, Mississauga Centre, Mississauga—Streetsville, Brampton South, and Brampton Centre.

History
It was created in 2003 from Bramalea—Gore—Malton—Springdale, Brampton West—Mississauga, Mississauga Centre and Mississauga East ridings.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of the House of Commons of Canada:

Proposed Redistribution of Electoral Districts
There is a proposal to change the electoral districts. If the proposal is adopted, the southern Burnhamthorpe boundary would change to Eglinton. This would mean that Rockwood Village would move from Mississauga—Brampton South to the Mississauga East—Cooksville Riding.

title: Mississauga—Brampton South


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Mississauga East—Cooksville (federal electoral district)

Mississauga East—Cooksville (Mississauga-Est—Cooksville) is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004.

History
It was created in 2003 from parts of Mississauga Centre and Mississauga East ridings.

Following the 2012 redistribution, the riding will include parts of Mississauga—Brampton South and Mississauga South for the next election. The northern Burnhamthorpe boundary would change to Eglinton. This would mean that Rockwood Village would move from Mississauga—Brampton South to the "Mississauga East-Cooksville" riding.

It consisted of the part of the City of Mississauga east of a line drawn from north to south along the Queensway, Mavis Road, Central Parkway East, HWY 403 and Eglington Avenue East. It includes the neighbourhood of Cooksville, from which the riding derives part of its name.

For the 2015 Federal Election, Elections Canada describes the riding as follows: "Consisting of that part of the Regional Municipality of Peel comprisedof [sic] that part of the City of Mississauga described as follows: commencing at the intersection of the northeasterly limit of said city with Queensway East; thence southwesterly along Queensway East and Queensway West to Mavis Road; thence northwesterly along said road to Central Parkway West; thence northeasterly and northwesterly along said parkway and Central Parkway East to Highway No. 403; thence northeasterly and northwesterly along said highway to Eglinton Avenue East; thence northeasterly along said avenue to the northeasterly limit of said city; thence generally southeasterly along said limit to the point of commencement."

Demographics
According to the 2021 Canadian census

Ethnic groups: 48.5% White, 16.3% South Asian, 7.4% Filipino, 6.4% Black, 4.3% Chinese, 4.2% Arab, 3.2% Southeast Asian, 2.9% Latin American, 1.2% West Asian

Languages: 39.9% English, 6.5% Polish, 3.6% Tagalog, 3.5% Arabic, 3.5% Urdu, 2.9% Portuguese, 2.9% Ukrainian, 2.8% Spanish, 2.3% Vietnamese, 2.3% Italian, 2.1% Mandarin, 1.6% Tamil, 1.5% Serbian, 1.4% Cantonese, 1.2% Russian

Religions: 60.0% Christian (39.0% Catholic, 5.9% Christian Orthodox, 1.7% Anglican, 1.3% United Church, 1.1% Pentecostal, 11.0% Other), 13.5% Muslim, 6.0% Hindu, 2.3% Buddhist, 1.1% Sikh, 16.5% None

Median income: $37,200 (2020)

Average income: $47,360 (2020)

Riding associations
Riding associations are the local branches of political parties:

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:


text: User:Ageladas

title: User:Ageladas


text:
Mississauga—Erindale

Mississauga—Erindale was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015.

It was created in 2003 from parts of Mississauga Centre and Mississauga West ridings. In 2013, it was abolished into Mississauga—Erin Mills, Mississauga Centre and Mississauga—Lakeshore.

It consisted of the part of the City of Mississauga bounded by a line drawn from the southwestern city limit northeast along Britannia Road West, southeast along Erin Mills Parkway, northeast along Eglinton Avenue West, southeast along Mavis Road, southwest along the Queensway West, west along the Credit River and southwest along Dundas Street West to the city limit.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

title: Mississauga—Erindale