text:
Curio

Curio may refer to:

Objects

 * Bric-à-brac, lesser objets d'art for display
 * Cabinet of curiosities, a room-sized collection or exhibit of curios or curiosities
 * Collectables
 * Curio cabinet, a cabinet constructed for the display of curios

People

 * Eberhard Curio (1932–2020), German ecologist
 * Gottfried Curio (born 1960), German politician
 * Curio maximus, a priesthood in ancient Rome that had oversight of the curiae
 * Gaius Scribonius Curio (disambiguation), the name of several ancient Romans, especially a father and son who were active in the 1st century BC
 * an online pseudonym for Diana Napolis

Places

 * Curio, Switzerland, a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland
 * Curio Bay, a coastal bay best known as the site of a petrified forest some 180 million years old

Popular culture

 * Curio (Twelfth Night), a character in the Shakespearean comedy Twelfth Night
 * Curio (band), a Japanese rock band
 * Curio (The Shak), a character on the television program The Shak

Other uses

 * Curio (brand), a collection in the Hilton portfolio
 * Curio (plant), a genus of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae

title: Curio


text:
Okanagan—Coquihalla

Okanagan—Coquihalla was a federal electoral district in the province of British Columbia, Canada, that had been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1997 to 2015.

Geography
The electoral district included the towns of Penticton, Merritt, Summerland, Logan Lake, West Kelowna and Peachland.

History
This riding was created in 1996 from parts of Fraser Valley East and Okanagan—Similkameen—Merritt ridings.

In 2003, it underwent slight boundary changes, with small parts added from Kamloops, Thompson and Highland Valleys and Kelowna ridings.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Okanagan—Coquihalla


text:
Adam Karol Czartoryski

Prince Adam Karol Czartoryski (born 2 January 1940) is a Polish and Spanish aristocrat who is head of the Polish House of Czartoryski. He is related to both the Spanish royal family (House of Borbón-Anjou) and to France's House of Orléans. In 2016, he sold the family art collection held in the Czartoryski Museum to the Polish state for approximately €100 million.

Origins
Adam Karol Czartoryski is the son of Prince Augustyn Józef Czartoryski (1907–1946) and Princess María de los Dolores of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. Through his mother, he is the first cousin of King Juan Carlos I of Spain. He is the head of the Polish House of Czartoryski, descendants of Gediminas (died 1341), ruler of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Czartoryski rose to power under August Aleksander Czartoryski (1697–1782) of the Klewa line, who married Countess Zofia von Dönhoff, the only heir to the Sieniawski family. The Czartoryski and the Potocki were the two most influential aristocratic families of the last decades of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795).

Biography
At the start of World War II (1939–1945) the Germans occupied Poland in September 1939. The Gestapo arrested Prince Augustyn and Princess Dolores, who was pregnant with Prince Adam Karol. Through their connections to Italian and Spanish royalty they arranged to be deported to Spain. Adam Karol Czartoryski was born on 2 January 1940 in Seville, Spain. Adam Karol's brother Ludwik Piotr was born in 1945. Prince Augustyn and Ludwik Piotr both died in 1946 and were buried in the crypt of the Silesian Church in Seville.

Adam Karol Czartoryski was educated in Spain and then in England. He lived in Ireland for a while, where he became a professional race car driver and an enthusiast of karate. He was a great admirer of Hawaiian Kenpō grand master Ed Parker. He trained in Kenpō Karate with John McSweeney, a pupil of Ed Parker. Returning to his native Spain at the end of the sixties, Czartoryski continued his Karate training under the guidance of Japanese Sensei Yasunari Ishimi. He reached the 5th Dan of karate.

Czartoryski was director of several international karate organizations. He also supported conventional wrestling and judo. In 1976 the Chinese government gave sports medals to Adam Czartoryski Bourbon and Fernando Compte, president of the Spanish Wrestling Association. In 1982 Czartoryski was elected vice-president of the World Karate Federation and the European Karate Federation. In 1984 he was a member of the Spanish Olympic Committee (COE) for karate by virtue of his positions in the karate federations. As of 2020 he was honorary president of the International Budo Academy, which trains teachers of martial arts (Budō).

In 1974 Czartoryski became head trustee of the Polish Dzialynska Trust, set up by his family in Norwich, England in 1899 to support Polish students in the United Kingdom and in Poland. On 25 January 1977 he married Nora de Piccioto in London. Their daughter Tamara Laura Czartoryska was born on 25 April 1978. The couple divorced in 1986.

In 1989, after the fall of the Polish People's Republic, Czartoryski was able to visit Poland for the first time. In 1991 the Republic of Poland recognized him for his philanthropy and awarded him the Commander’s Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta. That year the Polish government restored ownership of the family art collection and library to Czartoryski. It had been managed by the National Museum of Poland in Kraków, which continued to manage the collection. In 1992 Czartoryski represented Poland at the opening of "Circa 1492: Art in the Age of Exploration" at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. Later that year he was in charge of the Polish Pavilion at the Seville Expo '92.

In 1997 Czartoryski noticed the sale at Sotheby's of a painting by the Dutch artist Jan Mostaert named Portrait of a Lady, Presumably Anne of Bretagne, which he claimed to have come from his family's looted art collection. The owner said his mother had bought the painting in the 1950s for $6,000 from a reputable New York art gallery. A legal battle started to determine the rightful owner.

Czartoryski's mother, Princess María de los Dolores, died in Madrid in 1996. On 12 December 2000 in London he married Josette Calil. In December 2016 he sold the Czartoryski collection to the Polish state at an extremely low price in a transaction that drew some criticism and resulted in legal battles.

Czartoryski collection sale
The Czartoryski collection was started in 1796 by Adam Karol Czartoryski's ancestor, Princess Izabela Czartoryska, a liberal progressive who corresponded with Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Benjamin Franklin. The original goal was to preserve Poland's cultural heritage, but later objects from around the world were added, including items looted from the camp of the Ottoman Sultan after the 1683 Battle of Vienna. Izabela's descendants added works from Greece, Rome, Egypt and Japan. In 1798 Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, Izabela's son, visited Italy where he bought Leonardo da Vinci's Lady with an Ermine and Raphael's Portrait of a young man. Rembrandt's Landscape with the Good Samaritan is the third of the "big three" works in the collection.

By 1939 the collection had 5,000 paintings, statues and other antiquities. When the Germans invaded Poland that year, Augustyn Józef Czartoryski had the most valuable items hidden beneath the baroque Sieniawski family castle, while others were stored in the cellar of the museum. However the Germans found the collection and the works were taken to various locations in Germany. After the war the Polish representative at the Allies Commission for the Retrieval of Works of Art found many of the stolen paintings and claimed them for the Czartoryski Museum. The Portrait of a Young Man was not recovered. The museum became a branch of the National Museum of Poland in Kraków. The collection now included 86,000 artworks and 250,000 books and other manuscripts.

In London in the late 1960s Adam Karol Czartoryski met Professor Marek Rostworowski, who had been appointed in 1965 as director of the Czartoryski Collection in Poland. In 1991 Professor Rostworowski was appointed Minister of Culture. That year the High Court restored the Czartoryski Museum and Library and their contents to Czartoryski, who set up the Princes Czartoryski Foundation to manage the collection. The National Museum continued to maintain and administer the collection, renting the buildings from the foundation.

The Princes Czartoryski Museum in Kraków was closed for extensive renovations in 2010, including adding a glass and steel roof to a courtyard that was not being used. The foundation obtained funding for the works from Norway Grants, local and national government authorities and loans to foreign exhibitions of the Lady with an Ermine, but by the end of 2016 had run out of money, while the project would cost about €6.9 million to complete. Czartoryski decided to entrust his collection to the Polish Nation, including the Lady With An Ermine, Landscape with the Good Samaritan and works by Pierre-Auguste Renoir.

The agreement to sell the collection to the Polish state for €100 million was signed on 29 December 2016. The deputy prime minister and minister of culture, Piotr Gliński, signed on behalf of the Republic of Poland. The purchase price was far below the estimated value of $2 billion. Despite this, the state's purchase was criticized on the grounds that the money could have been better spent to preserve threatened Polish heritage sites, such as derelict manor houses. By law, the Czartoryski Collection could anyway not leave the country without authorization by the government. The artworks would not be moved. Most of them were in the National Museum in Kraków, apart from Da Vinci's Lady With an Ermine, which was in the Wawel Royal Castle in Kraków. It was expected that the museum would be ready to reopen by 2019.

The management board of the Czartoryski Foundation complained that they had not been consulted over the sale, and resigned. They said it might be illegal, since the statute establishing the foundation said the collection was nontransferable and indivisible. One of the board members expressed concern that the collection might eventually by broken up and sold to private owners. The endowment was challenged by Czartoryski's daughter, Tamara, and in 2018 resulted in a lawsuit between Adam Karol and his daughter.

title: Adam Karol Czartoryski


text: User talk:24.49.103.160

title: User talk:24.49.103.160


text:
Port Moody—Westwood—Port Coquitlam

Port Moody—Westwood—Port Coquitlam was a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015.

Demographics
Consisting of the following parts of the Greater Vancouver Regional District:

(a) the villages of Anmore and Belcarra;

(b) the City of Port Coquitlam;

(c) the following parts of Subdivision A:

(i) that part lying easterly of Indian Arm and the Indian River and northerly of the City of Coquitlam and the Village of Anmore;

(ii) that part on the north shoreline of Burrard Inlet within the City of Port Moody;

(iii) Boulder Island;

(d) that part of the City of Coquitlam lying northerly of Highway No. 7A (Barnet Highway, Lougheed Highway);

(e) that part of the City of Port Moody lying northerly of a line described as follows: commencing at the intersection of the easterly limit of said city with Guildford Drive; thence westerly along said drive, its production and Murray Street to the southerly production of the most southeasterly point of Port Moody in Burrard Inlet (at Inlet Park); thence northerly along said production to said port; thence generally westerly along said port to the westerly limit of said city; and

(f) Coquitlam Indian Reserve No. 2.

History
This riding was created by the 2003 Representation Order from Port Moody—Coquitlam—Port Coquitlam riding.

The 2012 electoral redistribution will see this riding dissolved into Coquitlam—Port Coquitlam and Port Moody—Coquitlam for the 2015 election.

Current member of Parliament
Its member of Parliament was The Honourable James Moore, a former broadcaster. He was first elected in 2000, and is a member of the Conservative Party of Canada. He was re-elected in the 2004, 2006, and 2008 elections. Moore was the Secretary of State for Official Languages, Pacific Gateway and the Vancouver-Whistler Olympics before the cabinet shuffle announced on October 30, 2008, when he was appointed Minister of Canadian Heritage and Official Languages.

title: Port Moody—Westwood—Port Coquitlam


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Russoft

Russoft is a Saint-Petersburg-based industry association of software companies from Russia. It was founded on September 9, 1999 with 10 member companies and merged with the Fort-Ross Consortium in May 2004. Oreanda News listed the organization's member count as 263 companies in March 2023 and Russoft claimed 334 in February 2024. They publish annual reports on the Russian technology sector.

Overview
Russoft members pay fees depending on their size and can be either a full or associate member. The organization is part of the Russian Information and Computer Industry Association (APKIT), where it sits on the Software Development and Export Committee. It is also a member of the Central and Eastern European Outsourcing Association. Fort-Ross began hosting the Russian Outsourcing and Software Summit in June 2001 and continues to hold it annually under the Russoft name.

Similarly to Indian NASSCOM, Russoft was created to represent Russian software development companies on the global market, to enhance marketing and PR activities of its members, and to lobby their interests to the government. In 2018, Russoft and NASSCOM established a formal partnership. Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, many Russian companies have started exploring other avenues to survive amid sanctions from Western countries, their main export market. Some have already started joint ventures with Indian companies. In 2023, Russoft asked the Ministry of Finance for 465 million rubles a year to start an accelerator to support Russian IT companies with launching new products.

title: Russoft


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Prince George—Peace River—Northern Rockies

Prince George—Peace River—Northern Rockies (previously Prince George—Peace River) is a federal electoral district in northern British Columbia, Canada. It has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968.

Geography
It consists of all of the province of British Columbia east of the Great Divide and some communities west of the divide. It contains large areas of uninhabited wilderness.

Communities include the oil-and-gas exploration centre of Fort St. John; Fort Nelson, with the province's biggest wood products plant; Dawson Creek; Large Coal Mining operations in Tumbler Ridge and the part of Prince George north of the Nechako River and east of the Fraser River.

History
This electoral district was originally created in 1966 from parts of Cariboo and Kamloops ridings.

It was abolished in 1976 when it was redistributed into Fort Nelson—Peace River riding and a part of Prince George—Bulkley Valley ridings. In 1978, Fort Nelson—Peace River was renamed "Prince George—Peace River". There were no elections during the period it was called "Fort Nelson—Peace River".

This riding has elected conservative candidates consistently since 1972: Progressive Conservative Frank Oberle from 1972 to 1993, and Reform Party of Canada/Canadian Alliance/Conservative Jay Hill from 1993 until 2010. The district is currently represented by Bob Zimmer of the Conservatives.

The 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution concluded that the electoral boundaries of Prince George—Peace River should be adjusted, and a modified electoral district will be contested in future elections. The redefined riding regains the community of Valemount and area that had been transferred to Kamloops—Thompson—Cariboo in the previous redistribution. Although not directly related to this boundary adjustment, the riding was renamed as Prince George—Peace River—Northern Rockies to acknowledge the Northern Rockies Regional District, whose status in the riding is unchanged. These new boundaries and the new name were legally defined in the 2013 representation order, which came into effect upon the call of the 42nd Canadian federal election.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Current member of Parliament
Its current member of Parliament is Bob Zimmer. He was first elected in 2011. He represents the Conservative Party of Canada.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Moses Joshua

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 09:18, May 2, 2005 (UTC)

Moses Joshua
Non-notable self-promotion. This guy gets less than 10 Google hits and doesn't appear to have done anything notable. delete. Avocado 02:14, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I took the liberty of completing this nomination by Avocado to vfd. Delete on the grounds of notability. JamesBurns 03:31, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Oops, what did I miss? If you let me know I'll try to get it right in the future.  (I'm still a bit new around here).  Thanks for your help!  Avocado 13:02, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * There are three Vfd steps, you must complete them all and complete them correctly, or it doesn't show up for voting. But you did quite well, my first time I only remembered to do the first step! Master Thief Garrett 01:07, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * OK, I think I can handle that! Thanks for being patient with a n00b.  -- Avocado 22:51, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * The only step that was missed was clicking on the link "Add new VfD section" on the main VfD page to add the entry otherwise everything else was okay. JamesBurns 03:36, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above. Good thing you finished the nomination for him, undoubtedly an oversight, and this article might have stagnated here for months otherwise. Master Thief Garrett 06:59, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ugh, gushing vanity. Merely being employed by any university doesn't qualify someone for an article. Average Earthman 10:59, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Skeena—Bulkley Valley

Skeena—Bulkley Valley is a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004.

Geography
This is a mostly wilderness area comprising almost the entire northwestern quarter of British Columbia, including the islands of Haida Gwaii and the large region inland from the Alaska Panhandle.

This district includes the cities of Terrace and Prince Rupert, the town of Smithers, as well as the districts of Kitimat, Hazelton, New Hazelton, Stewart, Port Edward, Houston and the villages of Masset, Burns Lake, Granisle, Telkwa and Port Clements.

History
This electoral district was created in 2003 from Skeena, some of Prince George—Bulkley Valley and a small part of Cariboo—Chilcotin riding.

The 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution concluded that the electoral boundaries of Skeena—Bulkley Valley should be adjusted slightly, and a modified electoral district of the same name has been contested in elections thereafter. The redefined Skeena—Bulkley Valley gained a small portion of territory in the upper Bella Coola Valley from the district of Cariboo—Prince George but was otherwise unchanged. These new boundaries were legally defined in the 2013 representation order, which came come into effect upon the call of the 2015 election.

Member of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Current member of Parliament
Its member of Parliament is Taylor Bachrach, who was formerly the mayor of Smithers, British Columbia.

title: Skeena—Bulkley Valley


text:
Talk:Highly Evolved

Incorrect forwarding
I do not think that the forwarding from "In the Jungle" is at all appropriate for this page. It is only the title of one track on this album and (I presume, since I have never heard this album or the band who recorded it) that that track is a cover of a famous song that has nothing to do with the band. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.151.168.127 (talk) 14:34, 9 January 2013 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 17:54, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Highly Evolved


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European Muon Collaboration

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) was formed in 1973 to study the interactions of high energy muons at CERN. These experiments were motivated by the interest in determining the quark structure of the nucleon following the discovery of high levels of deep inelastic scattering at SLAC.

In 1972 two muon beams were proposed for the then new Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) machine. One by Roger Clifft and Erwin Gabathuler and one by Friedhelm Brasse and Joerg Gayler. The two teams came together to design a high intensity muon beam of energy up to 280 GeV to do the experiments. The collaboration, which became known as the European Muon Collaboration (EMC), was formed around these people to carry out the experiments. A proposal for the beam and an apparatus to do the experiments was submitted to CERN in 1974 (the White Book). The experiments were approved and the apparatus was built between the years 1974–78. The collaboration grew in size to about 100 physicists. This was among the largest experimental collaborations at the time.

Several experiments were performed. Each experiment is denoted by a number NAxx where NA is for North Area experiments approved by CERN and xx is the number given to it by CERN.

NA2 : Electromagnetic interactions of muons
NA2 was a single magnet spectrometer to measure the forward production products of deep inelastic scattering by muons. Data were taken for this experiment in the years between 1978–1981.

NA9 : Study of final states in deep inelastic muon scattering
For this experiment a second magnet containing a streamer chamber was added upstream of the NA2 apparatus to detect and measure the products of the deep inelastic scattering reactions at wider angles. Further groups joined the EMC for these experiments and the collaboration grew to about 150 physicists. The experiments were performed between 1981–1983.

NA28 : Study of shadowing and hadron production in high energy μ scattering using nuclear targets
During the NA9 phase, a state of the art (at the time) processor was installed by the University of Uppsala group to trigger on scattered muons at very small angles to the beam (this was the NA28 experiment). This experiment was designed to investigate shadowing in nuclei. From 1984–1985 the experiment reverted to the single magnet spectrometer of NA2 and a large polarized target together with subsidiary nuclear targets were installed.

Major results of the experiments
The first results of the NA2 phase of the experiment showed that charm production was mediated by the photon-gluon fusion process. The collaboration then went on to show that the scattering rate in iron and deuterium were different. This showed that the quark sub-structure of nucleons bound in nuclei is different from that of free nucleons. The effect became known as the EMC effect and aroused great interest among theoretical physicists. It was planned to replace the iron, deuterium and hydrogen targets with a polarized target in 1981. However, it proved to be difficult to build the large volume target necessary and this experiment was postponed until 1984. In addition the Lund model of quark fragmentation (which later became known as PYTHIA) became available and much of the data on forward produced hadrons were used to tune this model.

The NA9/NA28 phases of the experiment commenced taking data in 1981. The main results of these experiments were the confirmation of our understanding of the quark fragmentation process. Again the results were used to develop models of this process such as PYTHIA and the HERWIG model which had become available. The NA28 experiment discovered that the results of scattering in nuclei at small values of Bjorken x were much different from those at larger values. The process governing this behavior became known as shadowing in nuclei. The final phase of the experiment with the polarized target produced the most dramatic result from the experiment with the discovery only a small part of the proton spin is carried by quarks, and that the strange quark sea is probably polarized. This is sometimes referred to as the "proton spin crisis".

title: European Muon Collaboration


text:
Talk:The Princeton Review

{

Miscellaneous discussion
Please help! First time edit but just wanted add that on a personal level I agree with the sentiments expressed in "Internal Criticism," but they are just that, sentiments and not facts. Furthermore, while the expression "blushes noble etc..." certainly reads prosaically it does not fit the wikiverse. I am honestly very happy that this information has made it to wikipedia so that future workers or patrons of TPR can know what has happened to the business and make their decisions accordingly. Speaking as a former TPR teacher, the company has gone to great lengths to maintain its pristine and somewhat elitist image and I did have fears that they had somehow managed to suppress this information. However, the biased manner of representation as well as the beautiful but ultimately detrimental flowerly language only hurts the credibility of the facts provided. I do not have the words to edit this myself, I am not a wiki regular, but please do fix it as I think the passage, through its overly expressive and vehement sentiments, ends up trivializing this very serious policy change that has affected so many of us. Thank you. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.204.151.8 (talk) 21:11, 15 August 2009 (UTC)

This page is in bad shape right now. There's an extraneous fragment in the intro (second paragraph). The company is not based out of NYC anymore (it's out of Framingham). The K-12 division has been sold. Also, I'm inclined to think that the article is little more than a stub: there is much more that could be said (and has been, in previous revisions). I work for TPR, so I'm going to be careful with any edits that I do, but clearly edits are necessary, and I might make them if nobody else does in the near future. Kelandon (talk) 23:46, 29 May 2009 (UTC)

Agreeing with all comments below--I've worked for The Princeton Review for awhile, and there are a lot of errors in this article about how it works. I checked the articles for the competitors to The Princeton Review, and their pages contain no criticisms NOR any strategy information, just basic information about the companies. I will be editing this article when I can to include accurate information. I also will remove the section on strategies as it is a violation of intellectual property and from what I recall of the agreements that any employee or student of The Princeton Review signs, it cannot be posted here without explicit permission from Princeton Review's legal eagles. I'll take care of all of this ASAP. - Vespered 11:30, 2006 April 11

To the anon editor: your contributions are welcome, but it seems you have an axe to grind against the Princeton Review and are looking to put your opinions in the article. Your contributions have a definite "point of view" slant that we try to avoid here at Wikipedia. If you wish to contribute, you must bear this in mind. Your additions regarding the current state of the company in the last two paragraphs need definite souces. Otherwise, they are not acceptable. -- Decumanus 02:15, 2005 Apr 22 (UTC)

I work for the Princeotn Review both as a teacher and full time. I won't act like there are no QA issues, but the information about how TPR's 200 pt score guarantee works is COMPLETELY wrong. The info here is misleading, and the facts about it are plainly contrary to this, as seen in the Enrollment Agreement that all students must sign. Score improvement is scored from any PREVIOUS OFFICIAL test, and the diagnostics are NOT used in the guarantee except if the student has never taken a SAT or PSAT.

I am also somewhat concerned that some of the information in this article is technically protected as intellectual property owned by TPR. While the quantity posted here is not much, further expansion of the "techniques" section would render buying a TPR book redundant at best. Please contact me if there are any thoughts on this.

I don't think the Recent Internal Criticism and Misleading Claims of Instructor Qualification belong. It sounds like an angry former employee or teacher with an ax to grind. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.45.135.131 (talk) 21:35, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

Rankings
I came here looking for the Princeton Review rankings ("Biggest Party School," "Best Campus Food," "Cutest Campus Squirrels," etc.). I'm pretty sure it's the same company as the one that does the test-prep courses that are the subject of this article. 24.63.206.145 03:29, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

Techniques section
I'm not sure this section really belongs in an encyclopedia, since it's essentially a list of tips for taking tests. Cordless Larry 11:27, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Since the SAT has been taken by so many persons, (it is perhaps a sociological phenomenon), and since some people have believed that it measures aptitudes or even I.Q. (please see the SAT article "The success of SAT coaching schools, such as Kaplan, Inc. and the Princeton Review, forced the College Board to change the name again. In 1990, the name was changed to Scholastic Assessment Test, since a test that can be coached clearly did not measure inherent "scholastic aptitude", but was influenced largely by what the test subject had learned in school." and "John Katzman, founder of The Princeton Review, argues in an interview for Frontline (PBS) against its status as an IQ test."), it is interesting to see what a major critic has to say specifically about how it can be "tricked", and therefore how it is not a test for aptitude nor intelligence. Another Wikipedian 21:27, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

POV paragraphs
The first two paragraphs of the "Description" section are wildly non-neutral. I don't have time to fix this at the moment, but clearly they are in serious need of revising in light of the NPV policy. Kelandon 03:33, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Those paragraphs were completely unsourced, and apparently added by one IP editor. I removed them from the article as apparent original research. -GTBacchus(talk) 03:41, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Working for TPR section
User Audacity reverted the information I provided on Working for TPR. User classified this as useless spam. I disagree--I believe the content is of value, and is helpful in understanding the unusual culture of the company. Further, though Audacity took no issue with the POV, I strove to write the article NPOV (indeed, I worked for TPR and have no love for the company, but I wanted to give a neutral viewpoint).

Again, I do not see the section as spam. I read the spam guidelines, and saw nothing I wrote as being violative. However, I am relatively new to editing articles, so if a majority can demonstrate that what I've written is spam, I am open to changing/removing it--jlculp

 * I think a vote is necessary with this addition. Personally I don't really think the information, regardless of it's validity, is all that necessary. For instance, if I worked at McDonald's I wouldn't be writing about working for McDonalds, albeit there would be much I could write about and tons of interesting and/or disturbing things to report. It really doesn't belong in an article about the company--or at least to the extent that you have done. This is the chief reason I think that your information was viewed by Audacity as useless spam. b_cubed 23:24, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

 * jlculp, I didn't read the info that carefully at first, but now I see that you were writing with a neutral POV, so your additions weren't spam. The reason I classified it as spam is that spammers often post lots of unverifiable material that promotes their company - e.g., "Employees of the Princeton Review are highly satisfied with their salaries". It's the kind of stuff you would find in promotional materials. While your info is not blatantly promotional, most of it still violates Verifiability.

 * I'd rather not vote, since voting is evil. jlculp, it would be great if you could look through the information and find good sources for whatever you can, and remove the rest. Thanks,  Λυδ α cιτγ  01:55, 31 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I took it all out. Put it back if you find sources.  Λυδ α cιτγ  02:56, 19 January 2007 (UTC)
 * FWIW, as another former employee I do agree that the culture and teacher selection process is unusual and perhaps even notable. I have no opinion as to whether this rises to a level warranting inclusion in the article. -Lciaccio (talk) 03:26, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Tpr logo.gif
Image:Tpr logo.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 02:42, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Sections on internal policy and LSAT teachers
I work for the Princeton Review and I will definitely say that every LSAT teacher that teaches the hyperlearning course had to score in the top 98th percentile on the exam. I believe that is a 172. Unfortunately, we had to let quite a few of our teachers go last year due to this change in policy. Personally, I think it is really hard to quantify a teacher's future success through previous test scores, but I'm not the director of content. I think that is the materials and techniques are so great, anyone should be able to teach the class. I can see how it would be harder "to sell" that though. October 2009 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.251.89.73 (talk) 18:02, 25 October 2009 (UTC)

These sections are unsourced and not NPOV. For the sake of full disclosure, I work for the company so I will not edit the page, but I will say that the LSAT 98th percentile refers to only very few teachers who teach an accelerated version of the class, and in fact must score in the 98th percentile. Also, I'm not sure how current internal company politics are of encyclopedic value. --Chadamir (talk) 18:27, 1 August 2008 (UTC)

This piece seems pretty biased. I usually don't edit on wikipedia but it struck me as a bit ridiculous. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.17.208.53 (talk) 04:31, 10 August 2008 (UTC)

This section as well as the "Recent Internal Criticism" are unsourced and non-NPOV. If an author can verify their claims that the company breaks its own policies then I will quit removing it. GeorgeHG (talk) 18:31, 15 August 2008 (UTC)

This and the issue about LSAT instructors are related, so my comments address both. Neither is POV-neutral, nor is either cited. The LSAT instructor issue is also factually wrong. I have personal knowledge of the company's practices, and while I can't cite to those (nor should that be acceptable for me writing a section stating what the policies are), when combined with the previous editor's lack of citations, seems sufficient to pull down the offending portions of the page.

The criticisms about score releases, on the other hand, is cited. VariantsA (talk) 19:58, 10 February 2009 (UTC)

NPOV Dispute
It's fairly transparent that the section on Recent Internal Criticism was written by a former or present employee who feels that they've been treated unfairly by a particular office. In turn, they have written a reasonably negative-POV paragraph about their personal experience as if it were voiced by a group that they're unable to cite. The anonymous user making these edits would do well to either stop replacing the negative information when it is deleted or allow me to post a second, equally uncited, viewpoint. Obviously within a company different locales will have different experiences. Either various points of view are important or none of them are. (Signing comments I wrote while not logged in.) GeorgeHG (talk) 21:02, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

August 2008 Data Exposure
I noticed that the discussion of the August 2008 Data Exposure which appeared in prior versions of this page (such as http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Princeton_Review&oldid=317322596) has disappeared in the recent flurry of edits. Given the scope of the exposure and the widespread media coverage, I believe the data exposure section should be returned. Any objections or comments? All viewpoints welcome. Transmissionelement (talk) 22:18, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I reinstated this section based on no objection from other users and the clear notability of the issue. Transmissionelement (talk) 21:33, 30 October 2009 (UTC)

Placement of Info re Stocks/Losses?
Hello. New AND work for TPR and therefore will not edit. But I am curious about the placement of the second paragraph (info about financial losses) in the introductory section. I don't disagree with its inclusion in the article, but the placement in the intro just reads odd and abrupt. Seems like this should have its own section? Also, the other reason it reads odd is there's no contextual data for the mention of the losses. For example: it reads as an unusually large loss, compared to the previous year, but is the loss large compared with other companies in the field? With other companies overall? The fact that the country has experienced economic strain in the last few years prompts me to ask these questions. Without the context, I don't know whether Princeton Review's losses as described reflect something about TPR, something about the industry, or something about the country as a whole. Please, someone with more experience move and/or elaborate.208.92.32.4 (talk) 20:06, 6 August 2011 (UTC)Nikki

"Advertisement" section tags
I tagged a couple of sections as "advertisements" because they were overly detailed in a way that serves to promote the topic. See WP:Undue weight. davidwr/ (talk)/(contribs)  03:50, 8 July 2014 (UTC)

Proposed changes
Changes requested based on change in ownership. Sourche: http://www.reuters.com/brandfeatures/venture-capital/article?id=2887

Overview section: The Princeton Review is headquartered in New York, NY.

Key People: Andrew Feld, CEO Source: https://www.princetonreview.com/press/ceo-announcement-andy-feld and https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-andy-feld-6327b9/

Corporate History section: Request addition of the following: On March 31, 2017, ST Unitas acquired The Princeton Review for an undisclosed sum. Source: http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/tech/2017/02/694_223955.html

Privacy Concerns: Request that this section be considered for revision, as The Princeton Review is no longer owned by or associated with any dating services, and the cited privacy policy regarding web visitors is not unique to the company.

Thank you for considering these changes.

Kristen at TPR (talk) 23:33, 13 November 2017 (UTC)

✔  Spintendo  ᔦᔭ   21:02, 8 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Princeton Review


text:
Scouting Fleet

The Scouting Fleet was created in 1922 as part of a major, post-World War I reorganization of the United States Navy. The Atlantic and Pacific fleets, which comprised a significant portion of the ships in the United States Navy, were combined into a new entity, the United States Fleet. Defined as "the principal naval force of the United States," the new fleet was composed of four elements: (a) the Battle Fleet, (b) the Scouting Fleet, (c) the Control Force, and (d) the Fleet Base Force. Under the general heading of "Forces Not Assigned to the United States Fleet" came six categories: (a) Asiatic Fleet; (b) Naval Forces, Europe; (c) Special Service Squadrons; (d) Submarine Divisions, Atlantic; (e) Submarine Divisions, Pacific; and (f) Naval District Forces. While there was a reorganization in 1930, and the renaming of the Battle Fleet and Scouting Fleet as the Battle Force and Scouting Force, this would be the core structure of the United States Navy until the beginning of World War II.

The Scouting Fleet (comprising battleships, cruisers, destroyers, submarines, and aircraft squadrons) was organized to conduct reconnaissance in force, in order to enable the Battle Fleet in its task of engaging, defeating, and destroying the main body of an enemy fleet. While there were numerous interwar exercises, and other deployments, the Scouting Fleet was initially primarily deployed in the Atlantic ocean, with the Battle Fleet in the Pacific ocean.

Established in 1922, the fleet consisted mainly of older battleships and initially operated in the Atlantic ocean. Returning from European waters on 21 October 1922, USS Utah (BB-31) became the flagship of BatDiv 6, Scouting Fleet, and operated with the Scouting Fleet over the next 3½ years.

In 1931, it was redesignated as the "Scouting Force." At this time, it consisted of the remaining cruisers and destroyers that were not with the Battle Force and a "Training Squadron" of three old battleships and eight destroyers. This force operated exclusively in the Atlantic and Caribbean Sea.

In 1932, the force was moved to the Pacific. In 1940 it survived the division of the Fleet into the U.S. Pacific Fleet and the Atlantic Fleet, and served in the early part of World War II as an umbrella command for task forces.

Commanders

 * VADM John Daniel McDonald (1922–1923)
 * VADM Newton A. McCully (June 20, 1923 - December 21, 1924)
 * VADM Josiah S. McKean (December 22, 1924 – September 3, 1926)
 * VADM Ashley H. Robertson (September 4, 1926 – May 30, 1927)
 * VADM Montgomery M. Taylor (June 1, 1927 - July 10, 1928)
 * VADM William Carey Cole (July 11, 1928 - June 13, 1930)
 * VADM Arthur L. Willard (June 14, 1930 - June 23, 1932)
 * RADM Frank Hodges Clark (June 24, 1932 - May 19, 1933)
 * VADM Frank H. Brumby (May 20, 1933 - June 14, 1934)
 * VADM Arthur J. Hepburn (June 15, 1934 - June 23, 1936)
 * VADM William T. Tarrant (June 24, 1936 - July 2, 1938)
 * VADM Adolphus Andrews (July 3, 1938 - February 1, 1941)
 * VADM Wilson Brown (February 2, 1941 - March 1942)

title: Scouting Fleet


text: User talk:129.93.65.56

title: User talk:129.93.65.56


text:
South Surrey—White Rock—Cloverdale

South Surrey—White Rock—Cloverdale was a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 until the 2015 election.

History
This electoral district was created in 2003 from parts of South Surrey—White Rock—Langley and Surrey Central ridings. This riding was dissolved into South Surrey—White Rock and Cloverdale—Langley City during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

title: South Surrey—White Rock—Cloverdale


text:
Australian Law Students' Association

The Australian Law Students' Association is a confederation of Australian law student associations and societies, representing some 28,000 students in all.

title: Australian Law Students' Association


text:
Vancouver Kingsway

Vancouver Kingsway is a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1953 to 1988 and since 1997. It is located in Vancouver.

Demographics
This riding's population is over 54 percent immigrants. The three largest pan-ethnic groups include East Asians (35.5 percent), Europeans (27.6 percent) and Southeast Asians (19.4 percent). The service sector, retail trade and manufacturing are the major sources of employment in Vancouver Kingsway. The average family income is over $72,000. Unemployment is around 6.5 percent.

9.9 percent of the population is Buddhist, the highest in Canada. More generally, Vancouver Kingsway has the highest proportion of non-Christians, 62.8 percent in particular, of which: no religious affiliation: 43.5 percent, Buddhist: 9.9 percent, Sikh: 3.2 percent etc.

History
The name "Vancouver Kingsway" has been used twice to describe federal ridings. It was first created in 1952, carved out of Vancouver South riding. In 1987, the riding was divided between Burnaby—Kingsway, Vancouver East, Vancouver Quadra and Vancouver South ridings. In 1996, a new Vancouver Kingsway was created out of these same four ridings.

This riding has been held by the NDP and its precursor CCF for most of its history. The NDP (along with the CCF) has won 15 of the 21 elections held since the riding was formed in 1953, the Liberals have won five, and the Conservatives, one. The two candidates who topped the poll in the 2008 election ran again in 2011. The incumbent member of Parliament, Vancouver lawyer Don Davies, represented the NDP, and Vancouver businesswoman Wendy Yuan represented the Liberal Party again. Davies won by approximately 3,000 votes in 2008. In 2011, Davies quintupled that margin, topping the Liberal candidate by over 15,000 votes, the Conservative candidate by over 10,000 votes, and winning over 50 percent of the votes cast.

The 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution concluded that the electoral boundaries of Vancouver Kingsway should be adjusted, and a modified electoral district of the same name was created. The redefined Vancouver Kingsway lost its territory west of Main Street to the new district of Vancouver Granville, as well as a small area in its extreme southeast to Vancouver South. These new boundaries were legally defined in the 2013 representation order, which came into effect upon the call of the 2015 election.

David Emerson controversy
David Emerson was first elected in 2004, for the Liberal Party of Canada, and served in the Cabinet led by Prime Minister Paul Martin as the Minister of Industry.

Emerson was re-elected as a Liberal in the 2006 election, but crossed the floor two weeks later on February 6, 2006, to become the new Minister of International Trade in Stephen Harper's Conservative government.

Emerson's floor-crossing was highly controversial. Then Prime Minister-designate Stephen Harper dispatched campaign co-chair John Douglas Reynolds, on the day after the election, to offer Emerson a cabinet post in a Conservative government. Emerson's acceptance of that offer made Canadian history, marking the first time a member of parliament, let alone a cabinet minister, had crossed the floor before a new government was even sworn in.

As a result of the controversy, a number of groups formed to fight for Emerson's resignation. Some groups also seek legislation that would prevent floor crossing altogether or restrict a member of parliament if they abandon their party's caucus. Groups that fought against Emerson's defection included the Recall David Emerson campaign, which was aligned with the New Democratic Party, and the De-Elect Emerson campaign, which began under Liberal alignment but which eventually outgrew the influence of that party and became entirely citizen-powered.

Emerson chose not to seek re-election in 2008.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

title: Vancouver Kingsway


text:
Talk:Russoft

Creation (and things to do)
Software engineering links to this article, listing RUSSOFT as an organization promoting Software Engineering. There is a good deal more material in the external link to www.russoft.org homepage. I'm not sure how to derscribe the purpose of RUSSOFT. I've marked it corp-stub rather than org-stub because it seems to be an advocacy organization and business promotion org.

I'm not sure if the title should be RUSSOFT or RUSSOFT Association (or possibly other capitalizations). RJFJR 02:17, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Russoft


text: File:Civilaffairs-firstaid.jpg

title: File:Civilaffairs-firstaid.jpg


text:
Dick Hutcherson

Richard "Dick" Hutcherson (November 30, 1931 – November 6, 2005) was an American businessman and a former stock car racer. A native of Keokuk, Iowa, Hutcherson drove in NASCAR competition from 1964 to 1967. He won 14 races, finishing runner-up in his first full season in 1965 and third in 1967, but after four years of top-level racing he retired at the season's end to devote his energies to Hutcherson-Pagan Enterprises, a chassis-building business in Charlotte, North Carolina. His younger brother Ron also became a stock car racer.

IMCA
Dick hailed from Keokuk, Iowa, which has long been called the "Home of Champions" and the "Racing Capital of the World". He was nicknamed The "Keokuk Comet". The “Keokuk Gang” consisted of “Old Man” Ernie Derr, Don White, Ramo Stott and Hutcherson himself. Dick Hutcherson said of Derr: "Got to beat the old man. The old man will be tough to beat if you have to haul him out in a wheelchair." He started racing in 1956 and moved up to the International Motor Contest Association (IMCA) circuit in 1959. Hutch was a quick learner and very competitive and took the IMCA championship in 1963 and 1964. He was the Late Model champion at Huron, South Dakota’s Dakota State Fair Speedway in 1960 and 1964. He has 81 IMCA wins to his credit. During this time he also raced in the Midwest Association for Race Cars circuit.

In the spring of 1962, Curtis Turner fielded a race at Virginia International Raceway in an attempt to compete head to head with NASCAR. The American Road 250 was held on April 1, in direct competition with the regular event at Richmond the same day. Most of the NASCAR regulars chose to compete at Richmond, some because they were afraid to incur the wrath of Bill France. Entries in Turner's race included two-time NASCAR champion Tim Flock, three time NASCAR Convertible Division Champion Bob Welborn, and Hutcherson. Hutcherson made an impression by finishing third behind Turner and Welborn.

NASCAR career
While racing in the Midwest, Hutcherson kept hearing about the great racing and the big purses in NASCAR, so he moved south and started on the Grand National circuit. On March 28, 1964, at the Greenville-Pickens Speedway in South Carolina, the former IMCA champion was a surprise entry and put his Ford on the pole for his debut race. He led the first 60 laps before being overtaken; failure of lug bolts on his right front wheel forced him to the pits after his 109th lap.

He won 14 NASCAR races in 103 starts in the #29 Holman Moody car from 1965 to 1967. Holman Moody dominated the 1965 season and Dick was the hands-down favorite to win rookie of the year, but was ruled ineligible because he was a past champion in IMCA. Hutch took nine victories that season, including the impressive feat of winning the pole position in back-to-back events at Myrtle Beach (which he won) and Valdosta. He nearly won the NASCAR championship in his first full season, settling for second behind Ned Jarrett.

In 1966, Ford briefly withdrew from official factory participation in NASCAR. Contracted to race for Ford, Hutcherson was assigned to the team of drivers in the World Sportscar championship as part of Ford's challenge to the dominance of Ferrari. Hutcherson and Ronnie Bucknum co-drove the third place #5 GT-40 Mark IIA at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, completing a three-car photo finish orchestrated by Ford executives to increase world-wide photo publication of the achievement. Despite only competing in 14 NASCAR Grand National races that season, he took three wins as part of Ford's factory team run by Holman Moody.

In 1967 Dick Hutcherson made 33 starts with two wins, 22 top 5s, and ranked third overall in points. He won the Smoky Mountain 200 at Maryville on July 27 and the Dixie 500 at Atlanta on August 6, the latter coming after Richard Petty blew an engine while leading and immediately preceding Petty's streak of 10 straight wins. A string of top 5 finishes toward the end of the season, including leading late in the race at Rockingham only to succumb to engine problems, solidified third in the points despite running only 33 times compared to Petty's 48 and James Hylton's 46. Dick averaged 1,020 points per race as compared to Petty's 885 points and Hylton's 792. Hutcherson retired at the end of the season.

After retirement
With 22 poles and 14 wins between 1964 and 1968, Hutch retired from full-schedule racing to concentrate on his chassis-building business in Charlotte, NC. After four years of top-level racing he became crew chief for his friend and fellow driver David Pearson in 1968. The combination won the championship in 1968 and 1969. In 1968 he also appeared in the Elvis Presley stock car racing movie Speedway.

Another step in his career became a reality after his tenure with Pearson when he was named general manager of Holman-Moody, a position he held until December 1971 when he and West Coast driver Eddie Pagan formed Hutcherson-Pagan, a business to build and repair race cars. The two were very successful as they built cars for A. J. Foyt, Darrell Waltrip, Rick Wilson, and others.

Recalling his involvement with Foyt, Hutcherson said that "A.J. had bought a Camaro to run USAC stock cars and we were running at Texas World Speedway at College Station. He had gotten mad about what some reporters had written about him in the days before the race. Well he sat on the pole and was leading the race when he pulled in with just a couple laps to go. I leaned in the car and asked him what was wrong and he said, 'Overheating.' I looked at the gauges which were normal and said, 'Why'd you pull out?' He looked at me and said, 'I didn't want to talk to those reporters in Victory Circle.' We had the race won and he parked the damn car!"

In 1976, Hutcherson un-retired to drive at the 24 Hours of Le Mans again. He co-drove a 7-liter Ford Torino with Dick Brooks and Marcel Migiot. The Torino retired in the 11th hour with an oil leak.

Hutcherson become sole owner of the firm after the death of Eddie Pagan in 1984. One of the sport's most successful car building operations over the last 30 years, Hutcherson-Pagan parts trucks are still a familiar site around the nation's race tracks. After being a former owner, President, and one of the founders of Hutcherson-Pagan, Dick retired. He died on November 6, 2005, on his way home from Florida.

NASCAR
(key) ( Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led. )

title: Dick Hutcherson


text:
Kamloops—Thompson—Cariboo

Kamloops—Thompson—Cariboo (formerly known as Kamloops—Thompson) is a federal electoral district in the province of British Columbia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. While the riding covers a large area, about three quarters of the population in the district live in the city of Kamloops.

History
This district was created as Kamloops—Thompson in 2003 from Kamloops, Thompson and Highland Valleys riding and small parts of Cariboo—Chilcotin and Prince George—Bulkley Valley ridings.

In 2004, the district was renamed "Kamloops—Thompson—Cariboo".

The 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution concluded that the electoral boundaries of Kamloops—Thompson—Cariboo should be adjusted, and a modified electoral district of the same name will be contested in future elections. The redefined Kamloops—Thompson—Cariboo loses a portion of its current territory consisting of the community of Valemount and area to Prince George—Peace River—Northern Rockies but is otherwise unchanged. These new boundaries were legally defined in the 2013 representation order, which came into effect upon the call of the 42nd Canadian federal election, scheduled for October 2015.

Under the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution the riding will be replaced by Kamloops—Thompson—Nicola.

Current member of Parliament
Its member of Parliament is Frank Caputo, a former Crown prosecutor who was elected for the first time in the 2021 election. He is a member of the Conservative Party of Canada.

title: Kamloops—Thompson—Cariboo


text: Talk:Phthalo Green

title: Talk:Phthalo Green


text:
Peter Kenyon

Peter Kenyon (born 1954 in Stalybridge, Cheshire) is a British businessman who has served as the chief executive of English Premier League football clubs Manchester United and Chelsea, where he has been involved in contentious transfer dealings.

Early life
Kenyon was educated in Tameside at West Hill School and King's School, Macclesfield.

Career
Kenyon was a director and chief executive of sportswear firm Umbro.

Manchester United
In 1997, Kenyon took up the role of deputy chief executive at the club he supported as a boy, Manchester United, where he sat on the Board of Directors. He was promoted to chief executive in August 2000 following the departure of Martin Edwards. Kenyon was influential in persuading long-serving manager Alex Ferguson to remain at the club despite Ferguson's original intention to retire in 2002. One of the other notable aspects of Kenyon's time in charge was the fact that the club dismissed their rigid wage structure and spent large sums of money on players such as Juan Sebastián Verón and Rio Ferdinand.

Chelsea
In 2003, Kenyon moved to Chelsea, which was seen as controversial as he had previously proclaimed himself as a lifelong Manchester United supporter.

At Chelsea, Kenyon was involved in high-profile incidents, including an attempt to persuade the manager of the England national team Sven-Göran Eriksson to become manager of Chelsea, and the tapping-up of former Arsenal and England left-back Ashley Cole.

On 16 September 2009, Chelsea announced that Kenyon would be leaving his chief executive role at Chelsea at the end of October.

Third-party ownership
On 22 September 2014, an investigation by The Guardian implicated Kenyon and Portuguese superagent Jorge Mendes in breaching FIFA regulations regarding third-party ownership and conflict of interest in player representation, buying player rights through companies based in Jersey and Ireland. The Guardian also published a detailed report showing Kenyon's ex-club Chelsea have invested in third party ownership via Mendes and Kenyon, a practice banned by the Premier League. Chelsea declined to comment on the accusations.

title: Peter Kenyon


text:
Argenteuil—Papineau—Mirabel

Argenteuil—Papineau—Mirabel (formerly known as Argenteuil, Argenteuil—Papineau and Argenteuil—Deux-Montagnes) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 2015.

Geography
Initially, Argenteuil consisted of the Parishes of Saint Andrews, Saint Jérusalem, part of the Parish of St. Jérome, the Townships of Chatham, Wentworth, Grenville and Augmentation, Harrington and Augmentation, Gore, Howard, Arundel, Montcalm Wolfe, Salaberry and Grandisson, and part of the Township of Morin.

In 1882, the townships of Salaberry, Wolfe and Grandison were detached from Argenteuil and annexed to Terrebonne.

In 1924, Argenteuil electoral district was redefined to consist of the County of Argenteuil.

In 1933, Argenteuil electoral district was expanded to include the portion of the County of Two-Mountains lying north of the North River, consisting of the municipality of St-Colomban and the northern part of the municipality of St-Canut.

The electoral district was abolished in 1947 and became part of Argenteuil—Deux-Montagnes.

In 1966, Argenteuil electoral district was re-created, consisting of the City of Deux-Montagnes, the Towns of Barkmere, Lachute, Oka-sur-le-Lac and Saint-Eustache, the Counties of Argenteuil and Deux-Montagnes, and the village municipality of Saint-Sauveur-des-Monts and the parish municipality of Saint-Sauveur in the County of Terrebonne.

The electoral district's name was changed in 1970 to Argenteuil—Deux-Montagnes.

In 1976, the name reverted to Argenteuil when it was slightly redistricted: Deux-Montagnes, Pointe-Calumet and Saint-Joseph-du-Lac became part of a new district, with the rest of Deux-Montagnes county remaining in Argenteuil, while Saint-Sauveur and Saint-Sauveur-des-Monts where transferred to join most of Terrebonne county in Labelle (federal electoral district). Its name changed in 1980 to Argenteuil—Papineau.

In 1987, it was redefined to consist of the towns of Barkmere, Lachute and Mirabel, the County of Argenteuil, and parts of the Counties of Deux-Montagnes and Papineau.

In 1996, it was redefined to consist of the cities of Barkmere, Lachute, Mirabel and Thurso, the county regional municipalities of Argenteuil, Papineau, and Deux-Montagnes, including Kanesatake Indian Reserve No. 16, excepting the cities of Deux-Montagnes, Saint-Eustache and Sainte-Marthe-sur-le-Lac, the Parish Municipality of Saint-Colomban, the township municipalities of Amherst and Arundel, and the municipalities of Huberdeau, Montcalm, Lac-des-Seize-Îles, Morin-Heights, Saint-Adolphe-d'Howard and Wentworth-Nord.

Argenteuil—Papineau—Mirabel now consists of the City of Mirabel, the regional county municipalities of Argenteuil and Papineau, the municipalities of Oka, Pointe-Calumet, Saint-Joseph-du-Lac and Saint-Placide, including Kanesatake Indian Lands No. 16, and the municipalities of Lac-des-Seize-Îles, Morin-Heights, Saint-Adolphe-d'Howard and Wentworth-Nord.

The neighbouring ridings are Pontiac, Laurentides—Labelle, Rivière-du-Nord, Terrebonne—Blainville, Marc-Aurèle-Fortin, Rivière-des-Mille-Îles, Pierrefonds—Dollard, Lac-Saint-Louis, Vaudreuil-Soulanges, and Glengarry—Prescott—Russell.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Argenteuil—Papineau—Mirabel 2004-2011

 * align="left" colspan=2|New Democratic Party gain from Bloc Québécois
 * align="right"|Swing
 * align="right"| +25.5
 * align="right"|

Source: Elections Canada

Argenteuil—Deux-Montagnes (1970-1976)

 * Liberal
 * Francis Fox
 * align="right"|20,414 || 54.51

 * Progressive Conservative
 * Roger Régimbal
 * align="right"| 10,418 || 27.82

 * New Democratic Party
 * Ronald-L. Dufault
 * align="right"|2,286  || 6.10

 * Liberal
 * Francis Fox
 * align="right"|18,749  || 49.47

 * Progressive Conservative
 * Michel Chevalier
 * align="right"| 7,987 || 21.07

 * New Democratic Party
 * Ronald-L. Dufault
 * align="right"|1,929  || 5.09

 * No affiliation
 * Michel-E. Trudeau
 * align="right"|1,036  || 2.73

Argenteuil—Deux-Montagnes (1947-1966)

 * Liberal
 * Vincent Drouin
 * align="right"| 11,761
 * align="right"| 42.34

 * Progressive Conservative
 * Joseph-Octave Latour
 * align="right"|10,589
 * align="right"| 38.12

 * Independent
 * Kenneth P. Riley
 * align="right"|695
 * align="right"|2.50

 * Unknown
 * Gilbert Edgar Arnold
 * align="right"|636
 * align="right"|2.29

 * Progressive Conservative
 * Joseph-Octave Latour
 * align="right"|14,483
 * align="right"| 56.57

 * Liberal
 * Bernard-L. Gosselin
 * align="right"| 10,493
 * align="right"| 40.99

 * Independent PC
 * Georges Duhamel
 * align="right"|626
 * align="right"| 2.45

 * Liberal
 * Philippe Valois
 * align="right"| 10,084
 * align="right"| 41.89

 * Progressive Conservative
 * Joseph-Octave Latour
 * align="right"|8,902
 * align="right"| 36.98

 * Independent Liberal
 * Antoine Pare
 * align="right"|3,983
 * align="right"| 16.55

 * Independent Liberal
 * Ethel M. McGibbon
 * align="right"|1,102
 * align="right"| 4.58

 * Liberal
 * Philippe Valois
 * align="right"| 13,283 || 70.31

 * Progressive Conservative
 * Linton William Armstrong
 * align="right"|5,608 || 29.69

 * Liberal
 * Philippe Valois
 * align="right"| 10,500 || 50.84

 * Progressive Conservative
 * Georges-Henri Héon
 * align="right"|9,672 || 46.83

 * Union of Electors
 * Joseph-Orphir Desjardins
 * align="right"|481   || 2.33

Argenteuil (1867-1947)
By-election: On Mr. Perley's death:

 * Independent Conservative
 * Georges-Henri Héon
 * align="right"|4,939 || 57.26

 * Liberal
 * Joseph-Louis-Lorenzo Legault
 * align="right"| 3,281 || 38.04

 * Independent
 * Joseph Maurice Navion
 * align="right"|405 || 4.70

By-election: On Mr. McGibbon's death:

 * Liberal
 * Charles Stewart
 * align="right"|acclaimed

By-election: On Mr. Christie's death:

 * Liberal
 * Thomas Christie, Jr.
 * align="right"| 1,261   || 54.10

 * Conservative
 * George Halsey Perley
 * align="right"|1,070   45.90

By-election: On election being declared void:

 * Liberal-Conservative
 * John Abbott
 * align="right"|acclaimed

By-election: On election being declared void:

 * Liberal-Conservative
 * John Abbott
 * align="right"|936 ||51.68

 * Liberal
 * Thomas Christie
 * align="right"|869   || 48.14

By-election: On election being declared void, on petition:

 * Liberal
 * Thomas Christie
 * align="right"|acclaimed

By-election: On Mr. Abbott being unseated, on petition:

 * Liberal
 * Lemuel Cushing, Jr.
 * align="right"|840 || 53.30

 * Unknown
 * William Owens
 * align="right"|736  ||46.70

title: Argenteuil—Papineau—Mirabel


text: User talk:68.39.174.39

title: User talk:68.39.174.39


text:
Mutter (song)

"Mutter" (German for "mother") is a power ballad by German Neue Deutsche Härte band Rammstein, released as the fourth single from the album of the same name. The single release includes "5/4", a song that is instrumental except for a Speak & Spell dialogue sample that was played as the intro for live shows since 2000, but wasn't released until 2002.

Overview
The song was confirmed by frontman Till Lindemann and guitarist Richard Kruspe to be a reference to their unhappy childhood relationships with their own mothers. The lyrics tell the story of a child not born from a womb but in an experiment, thus having no true father or mother. The lyrics describe his plan to kill both the mother "who never gave birth to him" and then himself. However, he fails to kill himself, instead ending up mutilated and no better off than before. The child begs and prays for strength, but his dead mother does not answer. The narrative of the song is similar to Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, in that the character takes revenge for his misfortunes on his "parent" but ends up no different from before the "parent" died.

Music video
The video for Mutter follows the story of the song, in which Lindemann portrays a monstrous character who kills his mother and then dumps her body in a river before ending up locked in an underground cage. Lindemann has a bald head and is clad in rags for this role, but also portrays a well-dressed character with long hair who is seen rowing a boat in a swamp.

Live performances
The song debuted in its demo form during an April 2000 concert exclusively for members of the official fan club. The only difference between the demo version and the final release was that the demo version was less orchestrated. During the Mutter tour, it was played at every concert and played in select concerts in the Pledge of Allegiances tour in North America. The song then disappeared from Rammstein concerts until 2011, and has been a staple of their live shows since.

Track listing

 * 1) Mutter (Radio Edit) - 3:40
 * 2) Mutter (Vocoder Mix) - 4:32
 * 3) 5/4 - 5:30
 * 4) Mutter (Sono's Inkubator Mix) - 7:22

 * The 2-track (card sleeve) edition included "Mutter (Radio Edit)" and "5/4".

 * It was originally planned to include a Remix by Arnaud Rebotini (Mutter Zend Avesta Mix) in the tracklist.

 * The promo single does not include track 5/4.

title: Mutter (song)


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Beauharnois—Salaberry

Beauharnois—Salaberry is a former federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1949 to 2015.

Geography
In 2003, the riding was re-defined to consist of the regional county municipalities of Beauharnois—Salaberry, Les Jardins-de-Napierville, and Le Haut-Saint-Laurent, including the parts of Akwesasne Indian Reserve No. 15 that lie within Quebec. In the 2006 census 88.7% of its population reported French only as their home language, 9.3% English (mostly in Le Haut-Saint-Laurent).

The neighbouring ridings were Stormont—Dundas—South Glengarry, Vaudreuil—Soulanges, Châteauguay—Saint-Constant, Brossard—La Prairie, and Saint-Jean.

History
Beauharnois riding was created in the British North America Act of 1867. Beauharnois was merged into Beauharnois—Laprairie in 1932.

In 1947, Beauharnois riding was re-created from Beauharnois—Laprairie and Châteauguay—Huntingdon.

In 1952, it became Beauharnois—Salaberry.

 * See Beauharnois for information on the riding prior to 1952.

The name of the riding was changed back to Beauharnois from 1966 to 1971, and from 1976 to 1977. The rest of time it was known as "Beauharnois—Salaberry" as it is known as today.

In 1952, Beauharnois—Salaberry consisted of the county of Beauharnois, the cities of Salaberry-de-Valley field and Beauharnois and the town of Maple Grove, the municipality of Saint-Joachim-de-Châteauguay, the towns of Châteauguay, Châteauguay Heights, and De Léry, and the municipalities of Saint-Anicet and Sainte Barbe.

Beauharnois—Salaberry was abolished in 1966 and redistributed between Beauharnois electoral district and La Prairie (federal electoral district)

Beauharnois—Salaberry was re-created in 1971 when Beauharnois was renamed. It consisted of the Cities of Beauharnois and Salaberry-de-Valleyfield, the Towns of Huntingdon and Maple Grove, the County of Beauharnois, and parts of the Counties of Châteauguay and Huntingdon.

Beauharnois—Salaberry was abolished in 1976, and redistributed between Beauharnois and Châteauguay (federal electoral district), but in 1977, before any election was held, Beauharnois was renamed as Beauharnois—Salaberry. It consisted of the Cities of Beauharnois and Salaberry-de-Valleyfield, the Towns of Huntingdon and Maple Grove, and parts of the Counties of Beauharnois, Châteauguay and Huntingdon.

In 1987, the riding was re-defined to consist of the towns of Beauharnois, Huntingdon, Léry, Maple Grove and Salaberry-de-Valleyfield, the counties of Beauharnois and Huntingdon, and the County of Châteauguay excluding the towns of Châteauguay and Mercier.

In 1996, the riding was re-defined to consist of the cities of Beauharnois, Huntingdon, Maple Grove and Salaberry-de-Valleyfield, and the County Regional Municipalities of Beauharnois—Salaberry, Le Haut-Saint-Laurent (including that part of the Akwesasne Indian Reserve contained in the Province of Quebec) and Les Jardins-de-Napierville, excepting: the City of Saint-Rémi; the parish municipalities of Saint-Édouard, Saint-Jacques-le-Mineur and Saint-Michel.

It was abolished for the 2015 election.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Beauharnois—Salaberry 1971 - 2015
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

Note: Social Credit vote is compared to Ralliement créditiste vote in the 1968 election.

Beauharnois—Salaberry 1952 - 1966
Note: Ralliement créditiste vote is compared to Social Credit vote in the 1963 election.

 * See Beauharnois for information on the riding prior to 1952.

title: Beauharnois—Salaberry


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Talk:Tribal

Tribal Art?
Hi! I think this page misses to cover the "art-form" called tribal. Google Image search for tribal only results in tattoo-art, so why is it not mentioned here? http://www.google.com/images?q=Tribal&oe=utf-8&rls=org.mozilla:de:official&client=firefox-a&um=1&ie=UTF-8&source=univ&ei=kiQrTeG8MIXKswbmqIzcAg&sa=X&oi=image_result_group&ct=title&resnum=3&ved=0CD8QsAQwAg&biw=1152&bih=757 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Stevthethief (talk • contribs) 15:26, 10 January 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tribal


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Chambly—Borduas

Chambly—Borduas (also previously known as Chambly and Chambly—Verchères) was a federal electoral district in the province of Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1935, and from 1968 to 2015. Created by the British North America Act of 1867, its name was changed in 1893 to "Chambly—Verchères". In 1933, it was amalgamated into the Chambly—Rouville and Richelieu—Verchères electoral districts. The district was re-created in 1966 from Chambly—Rouville, Châteauguay—Huntingdon—Laprairie, and Richelieu—Verchères. Its name was changed in 2003 to "Chambly—Borduas". In 2015, most of the district became part of Beloeil—Chambly, while small parts of it joined Montarville and Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—Verchères.

History
It initially comprised the Parishes of Boucherville, Longueuil, St. Bruno and Chambly.

In 1892, it was redefined to consist of the town of Longueuil, the villages of Verchères, Boucherville, Chambly Basin, Chambly Canton and Varennes, the municipality of St. Lambert, and the parishes of Boucherville, Chambly, Longueuil, St. Basile le Grand, St. Bruno, St. Hubert, Varennes, Ste. Julie, Verchères, Contrecoeur, Ste. Théodosie, St. Antoine, St. Marc and Beloeil.

In 1924, it was redefined to consist of the Counties of Chambly and Verchères including the Cities of Longueuil and St. Lambert.

When it was recreated in 1966, it was defined to consist of:
 * the City of Chambly;
 * the Towns of Beloeil, Boucherville, Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville and Saint-Hubert;
 * the Counties of Chambly and Verchères;
 * in the County of Richelieu: the parish municipality of Saint-Roch-de-Richelieu;
 * in the County of Laprairie: the municipality of Notre-Dame;
 * in the County of Rouville: the village municipality of Richelieu; the parish municipalities of Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours and Saint-Mathias.

In 1976, it was redefined to consist of:
 * the Cities of Chambly and Saint Hubert;
 * the Towns of Carignan, Marieville, Richelieu, and Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville;
 * in the County of Rouville: the parish municipalities of Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours, Sainte-Marie-de-Monnoir and Saint-Mathias.

In 1987, it was redefined to consist of:
 * the towns of Beloeil, Carignan, Chambly, Mont-Saint-Hilaire, Otterburn Park, Richelieu, Saint-Basile-le-Grand and Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville;
 * in the County of Verchères: the Village Municipality of McMasterville;
 * in the County of Rouville: the parish municipalities of Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours and Saint-Mathias.

In 1996, it was redefined to consist of:
 * the cities of Beloeil, Carignan, Chambly, Marieville, Mont-Saint-Hilaire, Otterburn Park, Richelieu and Saint-Basile-le-Grand;
 * the County Regional Municipality of Rouville, excepting: the City of Saint-Césaire; the village municipalities of Ange-Gardien and Rougemont; the parish municipalities of Saint-Ange-Gardien, Saint-Césaire, Saint-Michel-de-Rougemont, Saint-Paul-d'Abbotsford and Sainte-Angèle-de-Monnoir;
 * in the County Regional Municipality of La Vallée-du-Richelieu: the Village Municipality of McMasterville; the Municipality of Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil.

Geography
This riding is located southwest of Montreal in the Quebec region of Montérégie. The neighbouring ridings are Brossard—La Prairie, Saint-Bruno—Saint-Hubert, Verchères—Les Patriotes, Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot, Shefford, and Saint-Jean.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Chambly—Borduas, 2003–2015
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

title: Chambly—Borduas


text: Talk:War of conquest

title: Talk:War of conquest


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Beauport—Limoilou

Beauport—Limoilou is a federal electoral district in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004.

The riding was created in 2003 as "Beauport" from parts of Beauport—Montmorency—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île-d'Orléans, Quebec and Quebec East ridings. It was renamed "Beauport—Limoilou" after the 2004 election.

Geography
The riding, in the Quebec region of Capitale-Nationale, consists of the eastern part of Quebec City, namely the boroughs of Limoilou and most of Beauport.

The neighbouring ridings are Québec, Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles, Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier, Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord, and Lévis—Bellechasse.

This riding lost territory to Beauport—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île d'Orléans—Charlevoix and gained territory from Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Demographics
According to the 2016 Canadian census

Population: 96 029 (92 944 in 2011)

Sex: Male 48%; female 52%

Language

 * Mother tongue: French 93.3%, Spanish 1.3%, English 1.1%, Arabic 0.8%

 * Home language: French 96.2%, Spanish 0.8%, English 0.7%, Arabic 0.4%

 * Knowledge: French 99.4%, English 34.8%, Spanish 4.7%, Arabic 1.3%

Ethnicity: Canadien 68.0%, French 27.8%, Irish 5.0%, Aboriginal 4.1%, Quebecois 2.9%, African 2.4%, Scottish 1.9%, Latin American 1.8%

Visible minority: 7.2% (Black 3.1%, Latin American 1.5%, 0.9% Arab)

Religions: Catholic 86.5%, none 12.7%, Protestant and other Christian 3.3%, Muslim 1.3%, other 0.8%

Households/occupied dwellings: 48,440
 * Occupied dwellings: Apartment < 5 stories: 60%, single-detached house 21%; duplex 10%

 * Households: Single 45.0%, couples - no children 24%, couples - with children 18%, single parent 9.6%

Median income: $31,568 (2015)

Average income: $37,090 (2015)

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

title: Beauport—Limoilou


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Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles

Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles (formerly Charlesbourg and Charlesbourg—Jacques Cartier) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1979.

Geography
The riding, in the Quebec region of Capitale-Nationale, consists of the northeast part of Quebec City, including the borough of Charlesbourg and the eastern portion of La Haute-Saint-Charles (Saint-Émile and Lac-Saint-Charles).

The neighbouring ridings are Québec, Louis-Saint-Laurent, Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier, and Beauport—Limoilou.

Demographics

 * According to the 2011 Canadian census

Ethnic groups: 95.3% White, 2.9% Indigenous, 1.8% Other

Languages: 96.8% French, 1.1% English, 2.1% other

Religions: 88.7% Christian, 0.8% Other, 10.5% none

Median income: $32,861 (2010)

Average income: $36,940 (2010)

History
Charlesbourg was created in 1976 from parts of Portneuf and Montmorency. It was renamed Charlesbourg—Jacques-Cartier in 2000 and abolished in 2003, at which point a new Charlesbourg riding was created. After the federal election in 2004, it was renamed Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles.

The riding gained a small fraction of territory from Louis-Saint-Laurent from the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of the House of Commons of Canada:

title: Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles


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Winged keel

The winged keel is a sailboat keel layout first fitted on the 12-metre class yacht Australia II, 1983 America's Cup winner.

Design
This layout was adopted by Ben Lexcen, designer of Australia II. Although Ben Lexcen "had tried the winged keel idea before", there is conjecture that it was computed and designed by a Dutch aerodynamicist at the Wageningen towing tank (Netherlands Ship Model Bassin).

Wings
The lateral wings of Australia II are of moderate aspect ratio, forming a nearly horizontal foil, the "wing", at the bottom to provide additional effective span, in the same way as the winglets on an aircraft. Each wing acts as a winglet, effectively increasing the keel aspect ratio therefore reducing the lift-induced drag. Because the yacht is heeled over when sailing upwind, the leeward foil attains more draft, which reduces the loss of efficiency that always occurs under heel. The wings were canted downwards at about 20 degrees, in order to promote proper hydrodynamic loading (lift) on each wing when sailing to windward. Upwind, it offered 30% less resistance due to side force.

Upside down keel
Note that, contrary to classic configurations, the keel of this boat is "upside down" under the hull (the root chord is smaller than the tip (bottom) chord) in order to minimize the hull-keel interaction and the loss of side force due to the proximity of the water surface. The extra low-positioned lead in the upside down keel and wings gives a very low centre of gravity, increasing the righting moment (lateral stability) and allowing to carry more sail area.

Shorter boat, more sail area
Under the 12 metre class rule, the allowed sail area is an inverse function of the boat length and weight. Her stability advantage allowed Australia II to carry more sail although the boat was lighter. Along with Australia IIs efficient sail design, this winged keel was one of the factors contributing to Australia IIs success. Total advantage offered by this concept on the race course was about 1 minute per upwind leg.

Application
Winged keels are generally found on high-performance sailboats if they are not prohibited by class rules. They are especially advantageous for heavy yachts with a lot of sail area (as 12-metre class boats), sailing upwind when the draft is limited by the class rule or by the requirement to be able to sail in shallow water, because in that case high righting moment and efficient side force are difficult to obtain. Downwind, the extra skin friction drag is a hindrance. Besides the performance benefits, winged keels can also be applied to pleasure boats as a way to reduce draft, allowing for greater versatility when cruising in shallow waters.

title: Winged keel


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Talk:Regulome

Untitled
Expanded the entry to make it more encyclopedic Miguel Andrade 20:07, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Regulome


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Beauport—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île d'Orléans—Charlevoix

Beauport—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île d'Orléans—Charlevoix (formerly Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord and Charlevoix—Montmorency) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. An earlier Charlevoix—Montmorency riding was represented in the House of Commons from 1917 to 1925.

Geography
The riding, which extends along the north bank of the Saint Lawrence River northeast of Quebec City on either side of the Saguenay River, straddles the Quebec regions of Capitale-Nationale and Côte-Nord. It consists of the MRCs of Charlevoix, Charlevoix-Est, La Côte-de-Beaupré, L'Île-d'Orléans and La Haute-Côte-Nord, as well as a neighbourhood of southeastern Quebec City.

The neighbouring ridings are Beauport—Limoilou, Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier, Saint-Maurice—Champlain, Lac-Saint-Jean, Chicoutimi—Le Fjord, Manicouagan, Haute-Gaspésie—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia, Rimouski-Neigette—Témiscouata—Les Basques, Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup and Bellechasse—Les Etchemins—Lévis.

Demographics

 * According to the 2021 Canadian census

Ethnic groups: 95.8% White, 1.9% Indigenous, 1.1% Black Languages: 97.0% French Religions: 76.7% Christian (69.0% Catholic, 7.7% Other), 22.3% None Median income: $43,600 (2020) Average income: $50,840 (2020)

Boundaries
It was created in 2003 as Charlevoix—Montmorency from parts of Beauport—Montmorency—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île-d'Orléans, Charlesbourg—Jacques-Cartier and Charlevoix ridings. Its name was changed to Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord after the 2004 election.

Following the Canadian federal electoral redistribution, 2012, the riding was renamed Beauport—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île d'Orléans—Charlevoix from Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord, with the eastern part of the riding becoming a part of the neighbouring riding of Manicouagan.

Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, the riding will largely be replaced by Montmorency—Charlevoix. It loses the Chutes-Montmorency area to Beauport—Limoilou; gains the territory east of Ch. de Château-Bigot and Av. du Bourg-Royal and north of Boul. Louis-XIV from Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles; and gains the municipalities of Lac-Beauport and Sainte-Brigitte-de-Laval from Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier

The riding of Charlevoix—Montmorency also existed from 1914 to 1924. from parts of Charlevoix, Chicoutimi—Saguenay and Montmorency ridings. It initially consisted of the parishes of St. Tite, St. Féréol, St. Joachim, Château Richer, Ste. Anne and the village of Ste. Anne.

The electoral district was abolished in 1924 when it was redistributed into Charlevoix—Saguenay and Quebec—Montmorency ridings. Its only Member of Parliament was Pierre-François Casgrain of the Liberal Party of Canada. The renamed Beauport—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île d'Orléans—Charlevoix riding lost territory to Manicouagan and Beauport—Limoilou, and gained territory from Beauport—Limoilou during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Charlevoix—Montmorency, 1917–1925
Note: Conservative vote is compared to Government vote in 1917 election, and Liberal vote is compared to Opposition vote


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Steve Sviggum

Steven A. Sviggum is a Minnesota politician, a member of the University of Minnesota Board of Regents, and an executive assistant to and communications director for the Republican caucus in the Minnesota Senate. A former Speaker and member of the Minnesota House of Representatives, Sviggum represented District 28B in the southeastern part of the state. The area was known as District 25A until the 1982 legislative redistricting, and then as District 26A until the 1992 redistricting, and has included all or portions of Dakota, Dodge, Goodhue, Olmsted, Steele, Wabasha, Waseca and Winona counties.

Background
Of Norwegian-American ancestry, Sviggum was born in September 1951. He received a B.A. in mathematics from St. Olaf College in Northfield, and later worked as both a teacher and a farmer.

Service and leadership in the Minnesota House
Sviggum was first elected to the House in 1978. He served as minority leader from April 17, 1992 to 1999, and became Speaker after the 1998 elections, when the Republicans took control of the House. He began his speakership under unusual circumstances, as 1998 also saw the election of Reform Party candidate Jesse Ventura as governor while the Democrats retained control of the Minnesota Senate. Sviggum was the leader of the Republicans in a government divided among three political parties.

In 2003 Sviggum alleged that then-State Representative Rebecca Otto had knowingly distributed false campaign materials. Otto was indicted, but the presiding judge dismissed the charges.

In the 2006 election, the Democrats regained control of the House, ending Sviggum's tenure as Speaker. Though he won reelection to his House seat, he chose not seek a leadership position in the next session. Democrat Margaret Anderson Kelliher succeeded him as Speaker.

State commissioner
On June 26, 2007, Governor Tim Pawlenty announced that Sviggum would succeed Scott Brenner as Minnesota Commissioner of Labor and Industry. He resigned from his House seat and took over the position on July 17, 2007, serving until December 2010. A special election held on August 7, 2007, to determine Sviggum's successor was won by Republican Steve Drazkowski of Wabasha.

On December 2, 2010, in the waning days of the Pawlenty administration, Sviggum was appointed Commissioner of the Minnesota Management and Budget Office, the department responsible for preparing budget proposals for the governor. He served just over a month, leaving office with Pawlenty on January 3, 2011.

University of Minnesota regent
Sviggum and former Representative Laura Brod were elected to the University of Minnesota's Board of Regents on February 21, 2011, by a joint meeting of the Minnesota House and Senate. He is serving a six-year term on the 12-member body, which is charged with overseeing the University of Minnesota system.

In 2022, Sviggum suggested that the University of Minnesota Morris might be "too diverse". He said that two of his friends' children had not gone to Morris because they "just didn't feel comfortable there".

Morris has a little over 1,000 students, of whom 54% are white and 41% are Black, Indigenous, and people of color. When asked for a response to criticism of his remarks, he replied, "I was just asking a question. I'm sorry some feel the question might be offensive."

Work with Minnesota senate
On January 16, 2012, Sviggum was named communications director and executive assistant for the Republican caucus in the Minnesota Senate. Sviggum replaced Michael Brodkorb, who had resigned in the wake of a scandal involving former Senate Majority Leader Amy Koch. Sviggum was criticized for his intention to remain a regent during his tenure with the Senate. Senate Minority Leader Tom Bakk said he believed holding both positions was a conflict of interest.

Sviggum admitted that taxpayers should not have paid for pamphlets created by the Minnesota Senate Republican communications department and used by 15 Republican Senators for Republican attendees of precinct caucuses. He publicly apologized for using taxpayer's resources to produce campaign materials.

On June 11, 2012, the Minnesota Office of Administrative Hearings ruled that sufficient evidence existed for a complaint the Minnesota DFL Party filed against Sviggum and 14 Republican Senators regarding the pamphlets to continue. The complaint against Senator Doug Magnus was dismissed.

title: Steve Sviggum


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Women's Army Auxiliary Corps

The Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) can refer to:

 * Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (Britain), a branch of the British military in the First World War
 * Women's Auxiliary Corps (India), India branch WWII
 * Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (New Zealand), a branch of the New Zealand military in World War II
 * prior name of the Women's Army Corps, a branch of the U.S. military in World War II

title: Women's Army Auxiliary Corps


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Compton—Stanstead

Compton—Stanstead is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1997.

It was created in 1996 from Mégantic—Compton—Stanstead and Richmond—Wolfe ridings.

Geography
The southern Quebec riding on the US border southeast of Sherbrooke is located in the Quebec region of Estrie. It consists of the RCMs of Coaticook and Le Haut-Saint-François, the eastern half of Memphrémagog, and parts of Le Val-Saint-François and the city of Sherbrooke.

Main towns include Coaticook, Lennoxville (now part of Sherbrooke), North Hatley, Stanstead, and Ayer's Cliff.

Neighbouring ridings are Brome—Missisquoi, Richmond—Arthabaska, Sherbrooke, and Mégantic—L'Érable.

The 2012 electoral redistribution saw this riding lose and gain territories with Sherbrooke.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Election results
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in the 2000 election.

title: Compton—Stanstead


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Park Range

Park Range may refer to:

 * The Park Range in northern Colorado in the United States
 * The Park Range in Nevada in the United States
 * The Park Ranges in the Canadian Rockies

title: Park Range


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Drummond (federal electoral district)

Drummond is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968. It was created in 1966 from Drummond—Arthabaska, Nicolet—Yamaska and Richmond—Wolfe.

Geography
The riding, located along the Saint-François River in the Quebec region of Centre-du-Québec, consists of the RCM of Drummond. The largest city is Drummondville.

The neighbouring ridings are Bas-Richelieu—Nicolet—Bécancour, Richmond—Arthabaska, Shefford, and Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot.

There were no changes to this riding from the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Election results
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in the 2000 election.

Note: Social Credit vote is compared to Ralliement créditiste vote in the 1968 election.

title: Drummond (federal electoral district)


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Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine

Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004.

It was created by the Representation Order of 2003 from parts of Bonaventure—Gaspé—Îles-de-la-Madeleine—Pabok and Matapédia—Matane ridings.

Geography
The riding occupies the eastern part of the Gaspé Peninsula, as well as the Magdalen Islands. The Magdalen Islands, being in the Atlantic time zone, report election results one hour earlier than the rest of the riding, which in the Eastern Time Zone with the rest of Quebec.

History
From 2004 to 2011 it consisted of:

(a) the regional county municipalities of Bonaventure, La Côte-de-Gaspé and Le Rocher-Percé; (b) the Regional County Municipality of Avignon, including Gesgapegiag and Listuguj Indian reserves; and (c) the Municipality of Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine.

As per the 2012 federal electoral redistribution, the former riding of Gaspésie—Îles-de-la-Madeleine was dissolved, largely being replaced by Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine, with the Avignon Regional County Municipality going to Avignon—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia, and gaining La Haute-Gaspésie Regional County Municipality from Haute-Gaspésie—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia.

Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, the riding will largely be replaced by Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine—Listuguj. It gains the entirety of the La Matanie Regional County Municipality and Avignon Regional County Municipality from Avignon—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia.

Demographics

 * According to the 2016 Canadian census

 * Languages: (2016) 91.5% French, 8.1% English, 0.1% Spanish

Member of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

title: Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine


text:
Talk:WAAC

I changed this to a redirect because it appears that WAAC is the British women's corps from WWII, while WAC is the U.S. version. We ought to use the full names instead of the abbreviations, anyway. Avocado 02:27, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:WAAC