text:
Ivanhoe line

The Ivanhoe line was the local passenger service operated on the Midland Main Line between Leicester and Loughborough between 1993, when three intermediate stations were re-opened, and June 2005, when the separate Leicester–Loughborough service was withdrawn. Intermediate stations on the route are now served by East Midlands Railway's hourly service between Leicester, Nottingham and Lincoln.

History
After phase one of the Ivanhoe line was completed in the mid 1990s it was originally planned that phase two would extend the line west to Burton-on-Trent on the current freight-only line via Coalville and Ashby-de-la-Zouch. In 2006 the Conservative Party released a brief of its plans for reopening the line.

A report published in December 2008 assumed that the total number of passenger journeys would be 150,000 per annum, each paying an average of £3.15 per journey.

In June 2009 the Association of Train Operating Companies recommended reopening of the line to passenger services with stations at Kirby Muxloe, Bagworth, Coalville, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Moira and Gresley. ATOC estimated that the capital cost at £49 million, the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) to be 1.3 and the BCR excluding capital costs to be 2.9. Leicestershire County Council again ruled out the proposal, claiming it would cost a £4 million annual subsidy. Previous reports had suggested the subsidy required would be far less, and that after the initial investment the line would make money.

2008
One station on the Derby–Birmingham main line, Willington, past the western (Burton) end of the route, was constructed in the mid 1990s with Ivanhoe branding and painted in the according blue livery. However, as a result of the failure of the Burton upon Trent–Leicester development to go ahead, it is a curious anomaly, separated from the Ivanhoe line scheme.

A similar anomaly lies at the eastern (Leicester) end of the line, along the Leicester-Loughborough main line, where three stations were reopened as a planned first phase of full reopening:

 * Syston
 * Sileby
 * Barrow-upon-Soar

Local passenger services on the route are currently operated by diesel multiple units of Classes 153, 156 or 158.

Trains use the slow lines from just north of Leicester to Loughborough, previously used almost exclusively for freight, so as well as the rebuilding of the three intermediate stations, work was also required to build a new third platform at Loughborough facing the Down Slow, and also a new crossover and signal south of Loughborough so southbound trains could cross from the Down Slow to the Up Slow. Barrow and Sileby each have two platforms (with limited access for disabled passengers), but Syston has a single platform serving both directions. Syston station will be rebuilt around 2013 during a Leicester area re-signalling scheme as part of Network Rails Route Utilisation Strategy for freight.

Future
The intermediate stations are capable of taking only a two-coach train, which has led to overcrowding on some services, especially now that the service is extended to Nottingham and Lincoln. The latest Route Utilisation Strategy for the East Midlands makes recommendations for platform lengthening.

East Midlands Parkway railway station has now been built on the route. The Borough of Charnwood's local plan of 2004 anticipates a station at Thurmaston.

In 2022 the closed section of the line was one of nine schemes chosen to undergo a feasibility scrutiny by Network Rail as part of the government's Restoring Your Railway programme. If approved, work could start in 2024 and the line reopened in 2026.

On 4 October 2023, the government included reopening the line as part of its Network North scheme.

title: Ivanhoe line


text:
Ouragan

Ouragan may refer to:

 * Possibly an old name for Columbia River
 * French destroyer Ouragan, which also served in the Polish Navy during World War II
 * The Ouragan-class landing platform dock of the French Navy and the lead ship of the class
 * Dassault Ouragan French jet fighter aircraft
 * French for European windstorm
 * "Ouragan (song)", a 1986 single by Princess Stéphanie of Monaco
 * An abbreviation of "Offre urbaine renouvelée et améliorée gérée par un automatisme nouveau", a communications-based train control system in use on Paris Métro Line 13
 * , 2016 French documentary

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ouragan


text:
User:Oldie~enwiki

zh:User:Peterpan

title: User:Oldie~enwiki


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Celtic Music Records

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 03:17, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Celtic Music Records
Non-notable record label, tone is completely wrong and google gives 23 hits, none of which seem to be about a record label. --Alexs letterbox 23:59, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, promo. Megan1967 07:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn labelcruft. ComCat 06:40, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Menntaskólinn við Sund

Menntaskólinn við Sund (MS) is a secondary school in Reykjavík founded in 1969. At the time, there were only 4 other such schools in Iceland. It was originally named Menntaskólinn við Tjörnina (College by the Pond).

Some of the school's former students include Ingibjörg Sólrún Gísladóttir, Katrín Jakobsdóttir, Þorgerður Katrín Gunnarsdóttir and Jón Þór Birgisson.

title: Menntaskólinn við Sund


text:
Sonic's Rendezvous Band

Sonic's Rendezvous Band (or SRB) was an American rock and roll band from Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, forming in 1974, featuring veterans of the 1960s Detroit rock scene.

Background
Sonic's Rendezvous Band was formed by members of four Michigan rock bands:
 * Fred "Sonic" Smith, formerly of the MC5 – guitar, vocals
 * Scott Morgan, formerly of The Rationals, a soul-influenced Detroit band of the 1960s – guitar, vocals
 * Gary Rasmussen, formerly of The Up – bass
 * Scott Asheton, formerly of The Stooges – drums

They remained virtually unknown, but their one and only single retained high interest among fans of Detroit rock. Due to a falling out about Fred, Scott Asheton & Gary Rasmussen, touring with Iggy Pop on his ‘78 TV Eye tour through Europe, & Morgan recording some tracks for purely personal reasons to kill time while the other 3 were away, only the Fred Smith penned "City Slang", was pressed on both sides of the single. The Scott Morgan penned Electrophonic Tonic, was to be the actual B side of the record. Both songs prime examples of Hi-Energy Detroit rock & roll. One side was labeled mono and one side stereo, although both sides were identical mixes. A lo-fi bootleg LP composed of various radio appearances called Strikes Like Lightning was traded in the 1980s. Minus Scott Morgan they toured as backing band for Iggy Pop in spring 1978.

Renewed interest
Interest in the band was kindled in the late 1990s when Alive / Total Energy Records released the studio recording of the then-unheard song "Electrophonic Tonic", the song that was to have been the B-side of "City Slang". In 1999, Mack Aborn Rhythm Arts released Sweet Nothing, a compact disc compilation of rare live and recorded SRB tunes. A second compilation called City Slang was released in 2000.

This in turn sparked a renewed interest in Scott Morgan, who was critically acclaimed in the 1980s with bands like Scots Pirates and the Scott Morgan Band who were largely successful only in the Midwest. SRB disciples, Sweden's Hellacopters recorded five Scott Morgan/ SRB compositions ("City Slang", "16 With a Bullet", "Downright Blue", "Heaven", "Slow Down [Take A Look]") which further popularized the group. Scott Morgan went on to record with The Hellacopters' Nicke Royale, releasing two Hydromatics albums as well as two soul albums by The Solution.

Recent activity
The band has enjoyed renewed interest, along with mainstream critical acclaim in the music press, with the September 2006, release of a six-disc box set, Sonic's Rendezvous Band, by UK label Easy Action. The record was reviewed by Rolling Stone, October 19, 2006, by David Fricke, as one of "Fricke's Picks," saying of the band's 1978 single (included in the set), "City Slang" "5:15 of assault guitars, railroad drumming and Smith's determined-rebel call - has all you need to know why SRB were masters of their domain." That domain, as Fricke put it was "the Detroit Church of High Energy Rock," where Sonic's "holy rank" secured "forever." Said Fricke: "I just want as much of the best of this band as I can get, in good faith and quality. Right now, this is what I have. And I am playing it. Loud." Among other notable cuts in the set, Fricke, says, "a highlight is the sixteen-minute "American Boy," on which Smith plays a long, heated-raga solo on saxophone, evoking the MC5's earlier forays into the music of Sun Ra and Pharoah Sanders."

Fricke repeatedly cited Scott Morgan's influence, describing the two concert discs from 1975 and 1976 as having that "manic-white-Motown streak that Morgan in particular brought to SRB." Fricke mentioned that record "comes with its own controversy" over whether it was approved by all involved, but Easy Action asserts on its website that the release was approved by the surviving band members, and by Fred Smith's children and wife, Patti Smith.

Discography

 * Sweet Nothing (1999)
 * City Slang (2000)
 * Sonic's Rendezvous Band (Box Set) (2006)
 * Masonic Temple, Detroit 1978 (2007)

title: Sonic's Rendezvous Band


text:
Talk:Couldn't Stand the Weather

Background (?)
Perplexed by the "Background" section as it seems to be nearly identical to the "Background" section for the previous album "Texas Flood". Gwladys24 (talk) 17:33, 15 April 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 4 external links on Couldn't Stand the Weather. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120314044110/http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=65917382&aref=image040%2F2009%2F07%2F01%2Fcq-sp198403401580160.pdf to http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=65917382&aref=image040%2F2009%2F07%2F01%2Fcq-sp198403401580160.pdf
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title: Talk:Couldn't Stand the Weather


text: Talk:Soul to Soul (album)

title: Talk:Soul to Soul (album)


text:
Talk:In Step

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title: Talk:In Step


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Baseball Tonight

Baseball Tonight is an American television program that airs on ESPN. The show, which covers the day's Major League Baseball action, has been on the air since 1990. Its namesake program also airs on ESPN Radio at various times of the day during the baseball season, with Marc Kestecher as host.

Baseball Tonight is also the title of a daily podcast hosted by Buster Olney with frequent appearances by Tim Kurkjian, Karl Ravech, and others from ESPN and more places.

In 2017, daily airing of the show, other than its Sunday airing, was replaced by MLB Network's Intentional Talk, which stopped airing on ESPN2 in December 2018 As of December 27, 2019, Baseball Tonight airs on Sundays before Sunday Night Baseball, for major events such as the MLB All-Star Game, College World Series, MLB Postseason, and Winter Meetings, along with SportsCenter segments during the season.

History
On January 3, 2000, the segment "Web Gems" was coined and created by then-producer Judson Burch. The segment originally featured great defensive plays followed by viewer internet voting on the "web." The phrase "web gem" is now common vernacular in baseball broadcasts and circles to describe outstanding glove work.

In 2007, a new segment entitled "That's Nasty!" was introduced. The new segment featured top pitching performances of the day, including the best individual pitches. These clips often include extremely high velocity fastballs, 12–6 curveballs, or changeups that completely fool the opposing batters.

In 2013, Adnan Virk replaced Steve Berthiaume as one of the program's hosts, joining Karl Ravech.

Starting in April 2017 the weekday and Saturday editions of Baseball Tonight were replaced by the MLB Network-produced program Intentional Talk. In December 2018, four months before the deal to air Intentional Talk was to end in April 2019, the show stopped airing on ESPN2, with airings on MLB Network being unaffected. For the 2019 season, despite rumors of a return of the show daily, ESPN, just as they did the past two years, continued to only air Baseball Tonight sporadically throughout the season on Monday-Saturday, along with the weekly Sunday version Baseball Tonight: Sunday Night Countdown before Sunday Night Baseball.

Also, a segment on SportsCenter known as the Baseball Tonight Report started, which aired all throughout the Major League Baseball season. During the Playoffs, Baseball Tonight goes back to its traditional daily airings on ESPN2.

In May 2017, as the result of major staff cuts implemented by ESPN (which saw the layoff of several ESPN baseball reporters), the network cancelled the weekday editions of Baseball Tonight, leaving only the editions that are broadcast before Sunday Night Baseball and on special occasions such as the Little League World Series and during the postseason.

In January 2019, the network announced that Baseball Tonight would not return to the network's lineup as a part of its MLB coverage in 2019 as a daily show. The Sunday version, Baseball Tonight: Sunday Night Countdown, still airs before every Sunday Night Baseball game.

On February 3, 2019, Adnan Virk was fired from ESPN for leaking confidential information, including the future of Baseball Tonight, to the media, including Awful Announcing.

Air times
Baseball Tonight appeared nightly on ESPN throughout the baseball season at 10:00 p.m. ET and 12:00 a.m. ET on ESPN2. The 10 PM show aired on ESPN2 in the event of a conflict. Following the cancellation of The Trifecta in late 2006, the 12:00 a.m. run of Baseball Tonight was expanded to a full 40 minutes. The show has permission from Major League Baseball to show in-progress highlights. The show was also seen at 12:30 p.m. ET and 7:00 p.m. ET on Sundays, the latter show leading up to the Sunday Night Baseball telecast.

The late-night edition on Sundays was usually just a re-air of the 7:00 show, with a SportsCenter anchor providing highlights of the Sunday night game in place of a game preview segment that airs during the live broadcast. The midnight edition usually re-aired at 12:00 p.m. ET the following day (excluding Saturday, when the show is usually 40 minutes to a full hour). That practice ended Monday August 11, 2008, when SportsCenter went to live editions in the mornings.

Live, on-location episodes
The show also appeared live at events throughout the year, such as spring training, the Major League Baseball All-Star Game and the World Series sites, at ESPN the Weekend, and occasionally had remote stunts, i.e. a show from the rooftop at Fenway Park and a show from one of the Wrigley Rooftops at Wrigley Field in 2005.

It aired live from the field at Fenway Park on April 26, 2009, before the Sunday Night Baseball game between the Yankees–Red Sox game, which featured an interview with Dustin Pedroia. On June 28, 2009, it aired from Citi Field in anticipation of that night's Subway Series game between the Mets and the Yankees.

During the 2019 season, Baseball Tonight went on-location for the defending World Series champions Boston Red Sox Home Opener, along with going to London, England for the New York Yankees vs the Boston Red Sox.

Featured segments
Baseball Tonight is split into a number of segments, each of which focuses on a particular aspect of baseball. These segments include:
 * 3 up, 3 down: 3 players/teams each that are either on the uprise or downside of their seasons or careers (in the case of players).
 * Analysis: a more in-depth look at baseball topics, players, and upcoming games.
 * Best Seat in the House: Airs during live editions of Baseball Tonight before Sunday Night Baseball, John Kruk takes a tour on a ballpark and seeks for what he thinks is the best seat in the ballpark.
 * Chatter Up: This segment is new for the 2007 season, in which fans get to submit their thoughts on certain subjects via ESPN.com and then they are shown at the bottom of the screen and discussed on the show.
 * Cutting The Wedge: an in-depth analysis of a play or situation by former manager and studio analyst Eric Wedge
 * Diamond Cuts: Airs on the Sunday edition, a montage of the week's best plays set to music.
 * Extra Bases: a more in-depth look at a particular game after the highlights have aired.
 * Going, Going, Gone: the day's longest home runs. (Usually one of the last segments of the day.)
 * Highlights: the most important happenings from the days' Major League Baseball, occasionally also featuring other baseball competitions such as the World Baseball Classic, the College World Series, Minor League Baseball, or the Little League World Series. Virtually every MLB game is shown at least once, more if there are in-progress highlights to report on.
 * Inside Pitch: This segment usually features Buster Olney, or another reporter, giving his insight on the latest news and rumors from around baseball.
 * Leading Off: usually the first segment of the show, giving the day's most significant baseball news, for example, trades, injury updates and hirings and firings of managers.
 * The Week with Tim "Quirkjian": Tim Kurkjian gives unusual stats from the world of baseball. The segment is a play on the analyst's name.
 * Most Important Thing: Analysts' comments on the most important story from the day's happenings in MLB. This is usually the final segment of the show.
 * On The Phone: a live phone interview with an MLB player, coach, or general manager, usually regarding the most recent game played and outlooks on the future of the team.
 * Out of the Box: This segment is similar to Leading Off, where they preview what is coming up on the show.
 * Ridiculous Plays of the Week: Usually aired on Fridays, it recaps the five most hilarious plays (and moments) from the past week.
 * Stat of the Night: an interesting baseball statistic from the day's happenings in MLB.
 * That's Nasty: New in 2007, a segment showing the best pitches, usually with the most movement, of the night.
 * Touch 'Em All: significant home runs of the day, replaced "Going, Going, Gone!"
 * Smash of the Night: The most significant home run of the day. Usually the longest or biggest scorer like a "Grand Slam."
 * Sport Science: Hosted by John Brenkus, this five-minute segment examines a key play through scientific analysis.
 * Web Gems: the day's five best defensive plays. On Sundays, the best defensive plays of the entire week air. Points are given to each player and at the end of the season the player with the most points wins a trophy.
 * Greatest Home Runs: begun as a temporary segment in honor of Barry Bonds' ascension to the all-time MLB home run champion. Featured the greatest five home runs in the history of a different franchise every day for the duration of the segment; on August 26 (the final day of the segment), the Top 10 Home Runs of All-Time were featured.

One featured running gag on the show is the spoof segment "Name That Molina", where one of the personalities has to guess which of the three Molina catcher brothers – Bengie, Jose, or Yadier – is being shown. "Name that LaRoche" is another spoof segment featuring the two brothers who play for the Toronto Blue Jays Andy and the Washington Nationals Adam.

Another running gag is the Umpire Fantasy League in which "owners" of umpires in this fictitious league are rewarded for their umpires ejecting players or coaches. It is unclear whether this is reference to the real-life Umpire Ejection Fantasy League.

Also another gag in session is when an analyst on the show uses the "Stump the host" slogan. This is when the analyst has information on a certain players milestone that has just happened on the telecast. An example is when a player hits a home run, double, steals a base, or strikes someone out and the analyst will say "Stump the Host; Career hr/strikeout/2-B/SB/etc. number __? The host very seldom knows the answer but will take a reasonable, and sometimes ludicrous, guess at what the answer might be. This gag is very seldom used but sometimes is quite comical for the fact that the host has no idea what the answer may be.

Live look-ins
ESPN is generally prohibited by Major League Baseball from showing live look-ins of in-progress games, and limited to showing in-progress highlights after they happen. However, an exception is made when there is an extraordinary event taking place, such as a no-hitter or perfect game, and ESPN is allowed to show live look-ins during Baseball Tonight. Other circumstances include an ESPN-scheduled game which suffers a rain delay, or is completely rained out and postponed.

Criticism
Some have criticized the program because of a perceived bias in favor of certain teams. The most vocal comment was expressed by Heath Bell: I truly believe ESPN only cares about promoting the Red Sox and Yankees and Mets – and nobody else. That's why I like the MLB Network, because they promote everybody. I'm really turned off by ESPN and 'Baseball Tonight.' When (then-Padre) Jake Peavy threw 8$1⁄3$ innings on Saturday, they showed one pitch in the third inning and that was it. It's all about the Red Sox, Yankees, and Mets.

Media
In late 2012, mobile game company SkyZone Entertainment and TheAppsGames released ESPN Going Going Gone, an arcade style home run derby game for both Android and iOS. The game features an intro and voice over by ESPN's Dan Shulman and ESPN trademark.

title: Baseball Tonight


text:
Talk:E. Nesbit

Talk:E. Nesbit/Archive 1

"reënactment" - is Wikipaedia really adopting the New Yorker diaresis as the way forward? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Guyalsfere (talk • contribs) 20:49, 25 February 2024 (UTC)

Anti-Semitism
Since the issue of Nesbit's anti-semitic attitudes (in some of her works) was raised by a contributor to the wiki on The Phoenix and the Carpet, it might be good to include a bit in this wiki on Nesbit's attitudes toward Jews in both her private and published life, as this is an issue that is likely to prove a stumbling block to many of her readers. Unfortunately I haven't been able to find any comprehensive articles on the subject, and my knowledge of Nesbit's life is not deep, so I don't feel competent to write a paragraph on the matter. N.b. also Talk:The Phoenix and the Carpet. 68.100.18.183 13:24, 19 January 2006 (UTC)RandomCritic

 * I looked at the scene from The Phoenix and the Carpet the contributor was upset about, and aside from Isaac's name, I don't see any reason to believe that Herbert and Isaac are Jewish. They're poor street urchins and thieves, and their names were chosen so their nicknames (Ike and 'Erb) would provide a joke. Peterwshor (talk) 01:53, 10 January 2011 (UTC)

 * I believe I remember several Jewish stereotypes discussed when Nesbit is discussing the pawn-broker in Harding's Luck. But, if I remember correctly, the pawn-broker himself turns out to be very nice, showing an exception to some of these anti-Semitic stereotypes. As far as I remember, these are the only anti-Semitic passages I noticed in her children's novels. Peterwshor (talk) 01:26, 10 January 2011 (UTC)

 * And besides the good Jewish pawnbroker from Harding's Luck, I just noticed this passage from the story "Molly, the Measles, and the Missing Will." in Oswald Bastable and Others.: "... however different we may be in the colour of our hair and eyes, the inside part, the part that we feel and suffer with, is pretty much alike in all of us. But no one seems to know this except me." I think this passage speaks for itself. Peterwshor (talk) 05:44, 30 January 2011 (UTC)

 * However, in Story of the Treasure Seekers, she has an extremely stereotypical money-lender who only concedes to be generous after the children woo him significantly. Further, in the close of the book, the adults laugh when the children ask whether the money-lender was invited, saying that the gathering was for "friends" only. This combined with her views on eugenics and lower classes (as evidenced by her Fabian leanings) should warrant a closer look. (talk) 14:35, 25 June 2012 (UTC)

L.M. Montgomery
This article claims: "[Nesbit's] influence ws felt even beyond her direct writing style: L.M. Montgomery used a photograph of Nesbit as her model for the character Anne of Green Gables." However, the article on Anne of Green Gables states: "Montgomery used a photograph of Evelyn Nesbit, clipped from an American magazine and pasted to the wall near her writing desk, as the model for Anne Shirley, the book's protagonist." Sounds like there's been a mix-up of Nesbits -- Evelyn Nesbit and E[dith] Nesbit aren't the same person. Which article has it correct? It seems more likely that Evelyn Nesbit, "an artists' model," would have been the inspiration for the character. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.151.16.35 (talk • contribs) 03:40, 29 August 2006 (UTC)
 * It is most probably Evelyn Nesbit, as she was known for having dark red hair. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Leorejoanne (talk • contribs) 09:33, 13 April 2011 (UTC)

Polyamory
This article is in the polyamory category. During her marriage, it is clear her husband was poly. However, the article does not state whether she was poly - I have seen it stated elsewhere on Wikipedia that she was. If she was, the article should name the man / men she had simultaneous sexual relationships with. F W Nietzsche (talk) 05:59, 1 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Also, there has been considerable speculation of her bisexuality. I don't think the article properly addresses either.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.222.92.74 (talk) 01:40, 18 January 2013 (UTC)

Links from Book Titles
Many of the book titles (no idea how many; I didn't check them all) are set up as links, but there is no page on Wikipedia with that information. Shouldn't the links be removed if no one is going to fill in information about the books?--75.146.121.137 (talk) 22:17, 21 July 2009 (UTC)

 * The titles might be useful (the link-markup probably is not useful) Tedickey (talk) 23:44, 21 July 2009 (UTC)

 * I removed all the unused links except for the children's novels, which I think are moderately likely to eventually be filled in. Since somebody else has started adding posthumously reprinted stories to the bibliography, I also added the ones I deleted when I revised the bibliography. I think I have included nearly all of her single-author books. Some of the story collections currently listed are multiple-author books where she only contributed a few stories (and possibly helped edit). Possibly we should distinguish between these in the bibliography, but I'm not going to do the work to figure out which are which. Peterwshor (talk) 14:42, 30 May 2011 (UTC)

40 books for children????
Where is the evidence that she published 40 books for children? Going to what I think is a reliable on-line bibliography, I count less than twenty (and this is counting short story collections and some titles that I do not know whether they were children's or adults). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.110.164.45 (talk) 20:23, 8 January 2011 (UTC)

 * There's already a source given for the list which is in this topic. TEDickey (talk) 20:27, 8 January 2011 (UTC)
 * That seems a rather round-about way of answering. The number comes from the biography mentioned in the next paragraph, doesn't it? --Elijah (talk) 08:47, 9 January 2011 (UTC)

 * It might. But the bibliography cited in external links appears to be the source for the list in this topic.  Since the IP's not providing a source for "less than twenty" (which I find doubtful), we can only speculate what that might be TEDickey (talk) 12:08, 9 January 2011 (UTC)

 * It's not less than twenty. I miscounted. The bibliography in the article seems reasonably complete, and it contains something like 30 children's books in it (There are some I can't tell whether they are children's books or not. Definitely between 28 and 35. I still find this "collaborating with others, she produced almost 40 more" very doubtful. I do not know of any E. Nesbit collaborations on children's stories (although she certainly collaborated on her adult novels), and there is no source given. Peterwshor (talk) 20:15, 9 January 2011 (UTC)

 * The 60 in the lede was added early (here), before the list in this topic was added. The 40 below also was added early here.  So I guess there's more than one opinion which has been unnoticed.  Have you a source which categorizes the adult novels which may be listed here? TEDickey (talk) 21:27, 9 January 2011 (UTC)

 * You can categorize most of the things in the wikipedia bibliography using google. This gives 31 publications for children, and a number of probable duplicates in her adult publications. (The House with No Address is available online and mentions Salome, and the Three Mothers is the first story in These Little Ones, so I am assuming these are British/American titles for the same books.) "Miss Mischief" is only a dozen pages or so (with pictures), and some of the other things in Stories and Story Collections for Children may be similar, as I've categorized some of them based on their titles (e.g. Pug Peter, King of Mouseland), but I only did that when I was quite confident they were for children. I think it would be a good idea to put this categorization on the main page. I also think it would be good to divide her short stories for adults into literary stories and ghost stories, but some of the story collections I'm not sure which category to put them in. If there are other children's publications that aren't listed in this bibliography (and there are ... "Pussy tales" and Doggy tales" were published separately, as well as in "Pussy and Doggy Tales"), you could reach 40 children's publications.Peterwshor (talk) 01:19, 10 January 2011 (UTC)

The Bastables Series
 * 1	1899 The Story of the Treasure Seekers
 * 2     1901 The Wouldbegoods
 * 3	1904 The New Treasure Seekers
 * 4	1905 Oswald Bastable And Others (Short stories, mostly non-Bastable)
 * 1928 Complete History of Bastable Family (I believe an omnibus of the Bastable novels)

Psammead Series
 * 5	1902 Five Children and It
 * 6	1904 The Phoenix and the Carpet
 * 7	1906 The Story of the Amulet

House of Arden Series
 * 8	1908 The House of Arden
 * 9	1909 Harding's Luck

Other Children’s Novels
 * 10	1906 The Railway Children
 * 11	1907 The Enchanted Castle
 * 12	1910 The Magic City
 * 13	1911 The Wonderful Garden
 * 14	1913 Wet Magic
 * 15	1925 Five of Us and Madeline (published posthumously)

Stories and Story Collections for Children
 * 16	1894 Miss Mischief (single short story)
 * 17    1895 Tick Tock, Tales of the Clock (stories by several authors).
 * 1895 Pussy Tales (story collection)
 * 1895 Doggy Tales (story collection)
 * 18	1897 The Children's Shakespeare (story collection)
 * 19	1897 Royal Children of English History (story collection)
 * 20	1898 The Book of Dogs
 * 21	1899 Pussy and Doggy Tales (combined Pussy Tales and Doggy Tales)
 * 22	1900 The Book of Dragons (story collection)
 * 23	1901 Nine Unlikely Tales (story collection)
 * 24	1902 The Revolt of the Toys
 * 25	1903 Playtime Stories (story collection)
 * 26	1903 The Rainbow Queen and Other Stories (story collection)
 * 27	1904 The Story of Five Rebellious Dolls
 * 28	1904 Cat Tales (story collection)
 * 29	1905 ''Pug Peter, King of Mouseland
 * 1907 Beautiful Stories from Shakespeare (reprint of The Children's Shakespeare)
 * 32	1908 The Old Nursery Stories (story collection)
 * 33	1912 The Magic World (story collection)

Novels for Grown-Ups
 * 34	1885 The Prophet's Mantle
 * 35    1894 The Marden Mystery (very rare; few if any copies survive)
 * 36	1899 The Secret of the Kyriels
 * 37	1902 The Red House
 * 38	1906 Man and Maid
 * 39	1906 The Incomplete Amorist
 * 40	1909 Daphne in Fitzroy Street
 * 41	1909 The House With No Address aka Salome and the Head
 * 42	1911 Dormant aka Rose Royal
 * 43	1921 The Incredible Honeymoon
 * 44	1922 The Lark

Ghost and Other Stories for Adults

Some of these are collections of horror stories, some of these are collections of stories by various authors, edited by E. Nesbit, and some are collections of literary stories.

 * 45	1886 Something Wrong (horror story collection)
 * 46    1893 The Pilot  (short printed book contains one story)
 * 47	1893 Grim Tales (horror story collection)
 * 48	1894 The Butler in Bohemia (story collection)
 * 49	1896 In Homespun (story collection)
 * 50	1897 Tales Told in Twilight (horror story collection)
 * 51	1901 Thirteen Ways Home (story collection)
 * 52	1903 The Literary Sense (story collection)
 * 53	1909 These Little Ones (contains story The Three Mothers)
 * 54	1910 Fear (horror story collection)
 * 55	1923 To the Adventurous (story collection)

Posthumous collections of Stories for Grown-Ups
 * 1983 Edith Nesbit's Tales of Terror
 * 1988 In the Dark: Tales of Terror (expanded version of above)

Peterwshor (talk) 23:42, 9 January 2011 (UTC)

 * I've been revising the above list, which I know is something you're not supposed to do on talk pages, but I don't see any other workable way to do it. I also found a believable source for "almost 40 children's books" which I added to the article. Peterwshor (talk) 05:35, 10 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Revised list again, based on further research on google. I have (with a few guesses --- for example I can document that *Tick Tock, Tales of the Clock* is a story collection containing stories by several authors, and I am deducing by the title that it must be for children) categorized all the titles in the bibliography. I think I will put this categorization into the main article. I am also leaning towards leaving out the two posthumous horror collections, since there are a number of posthumous collections of Nesbit's children's stories, and I am not going to take the effort to track any of these down and include them in this bibliography. Peterwshor (talk) 21:41, 10 January 2011 (UTC)

 * I also may remove The Three Mothers from the list. It was published in Strand Magazine in 1908, was one of the stories in the collection 1909 These Little Ones, and appears to have been reprinted as a pamphlet by the Catholic Truth Society (London) ca. 1918. The only actual evidence I can find for a book published in 1908 called The Three Mothers is in numerous bibliographies (it was reprinted in 2002 in a limited edition, and that edition probably had the 1908 date in it, so this may be where the (1908) The Three Mothers comes from. It does not appear in the collectors list of Nesbit First Editions. Peterwshor (talk) 22:20, 10 January 2011 (UTC)

Writing for children
Do we (someone) know anything about how E. Nesbit started writing for children? Did she begin in magazines? If so when was her first children's story (not book)? Was she recruited by a magazine publisher? Recruited by a book publisher, perhaps after success in magazines? Or was she able to parlay status or experience of herself, husband, and/or Fabian Society as publishers?

 * 2015. Maybe not via fiction. Are there any children's stories among the early (first 10, pre-1896) "shortfiction" as listed at ISFDB . Six of the seven 1896 listings are catalogued there as contents of Peeps into Fairyland, "A pop-up book"!, Ernest Nister, printed in Bavaria info w video demo, text secondary, plausibly hack work. The seventh is "The Prince, Two Mice and Some Kitchen-Maids".
 * Contrast the two earliest "nonfiction" as listed there. Voyage of Columbus 1892, Raphael Tuck & Sons, 28pp., a quadricentennial educational for kids? Royal Children of English History 1896, Raphael Tuck, 94pp., no likely illustrators identified.
 * The Children's Shakespeare 1897 is the other work evidently for kids that we list prior to the 1899 magazine stories.
 * --P64 (talk) 20:56, 24 February 2015 (UTC)

In the text we say, "Among Nesbit's best-known books are The Story of the Treasure Seekers (1898) and The Wouldbegoods (1899), ...". In the list of works we give 1899 and 1901 for those two books. Is there a mistake or two? Or do the text dates refer to magazine publication of stories later compiled as books?

At The Story of the Treasure Seekers we say, "First published in 1899 ...". At The Railway Children, "originally serialised ... and first published in book form in 1906." I have no confidence in the distinction. Anyway, the biography text should explain the matter of the first paragraph above, and it should be clear whether it consistently gives serial publication dates when available. The list should identify what was previously published earlier in serial.

I think we may and should relegate omnibus editions to small font or to footnotes. --P64 (talk) 23:42, 15 August 2013 (UTC)

 * Do any of the recent publications that we list, 1972 to 2013, include previously unpublished work? All of our listings except the two recent books "edited by Kristen Bancroft" imply to me that there is no new content by Nesbit.
 * There have been other collections of old material, including omnibus editions of novels, that we don't list here. ISFDB: Nesbit What is the selection principle?
 * Regarding The Book of Dragons (1901), at least some of the 1972 and later editions evidently include one extra story from The Strand (1899), namely "The Last Dragon". 2004 ISFDB: Dover reprint of 1901; 1972 ISFDB: Hamilton "Complete Book"
 * --P64 (talk) 19:42, 29 December 2013 (UTC)

Influence
There is list of influenced children's writers, no sources, in our book article The Story of the Treasure Seekers --as well as the nearly unreferenced list here.

Edward Eager is explicit somewhere (need source). Knight's Castle (1956) is inspired specifically by The Magic City, I know from reading the former. --P64 (talk) 23:59, 15 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Eager's publisher (recent reprints?) suggests that he paid homage in all seven Magic books but I don't find that at or near the beginning of Magic by the Lake (#3?). Certainly yes in the first two books Half Magic and Knight's Castle. This should be developed in our Eager biography and handled briefly here.
 * --P64 (talk) 19:42, 29 December 2013 (UTC)

Dedication of books
Apologies, I haven't the skill to edit and am afraid of disturbing an excellent article. However, I note that the article suggests that Five Children and It and its sequels are dedicated to Fabian Bland. Five Children and It is dedicated to John Bland and The Phoenix and the Carpet is dedicated to 'my dear godson Hubert Griffith and his sister Margaret'.95.44.49.17 (talk) 14:13, 30 October 2014 (UTC)

Works
Maybe a separate bibliography is warranted. Maybe a treatment of her work for children that covers derivative works, not only screen or stage adaptations but print continuations, etc.

Why 3.1 and 3.2, Novels; 3.3 and 3.4, Story collections? Do Non-fiction and Poetry mix child and adult audiences as novels and stories do not? The distinction between audiences may be sharp enough in her day, in absence of the "young adult", to support a major subdivision between writing for children and writing for adults. At least consolidate fiction for children.

The following items partly support my today revisions (supplementing ISFDB, wh the article cites generally on some points) but partly point forward. By the way, when should we list omnibus editions? or alternative titles? If early publication is crucial (not long posthumous, 1928 for the Bastable novels) then consider The Five Children 3-novel omnibus 1930 (presumable source for ISFDB series name Five Children; maybe US only)
 * The Complete Book of the Bastable Family --(not in ISFDB) bookseller image of first ed.

 * Salome and the Head (also published as The House With No Address) --list Salome first because ISFDB implies and LC Catalogue supports that originally, 1909, these were the UK and US titles

 * Shakespeare. Two listings that I didn't touch, separated by several that are unrelated:
 * 1897 The Children's Shakespeare
 * 1907 Beautiful Stories from Shakespeare (reprint of The Children's Shakespeare)

Is the latter a reprint of the former? What is its/their relation to The Children's Shakespeare 1900 US 76pp., "little children", only 12 titles? And Twenty Beautiful Stories from Shakespeare: A Home Study Course ISFDB also 1907 UK 317pp., title and publisher different from our book article, which does name twenty

Many ISFDB pages for specific editions lack a table of contents and useful notes, unfortunately inclg the only page for The Seven Dragons and Other Stories. But those LC Cat records are clear. The Seven Dragons and Other Stories 2006 US at ISFDB seems familiar to me, maybe what I read at a public library, maybe I'll check.
 * The Book of Dragons, etc --LC Catalogue The Complete Book1972 UK 1973 US]

--P64 (talk) 20:30, 24 February 2015 (UTC)

Archive 1

 * This section may be revised within a week. --P64
 * I didn't (three years later). --P64

Contents of this page 2017-03-08; markup represents initial action today 1 Gutenberg 2 Anti-Semitism 3 Golden Dawn 4 Bernard Shaw 5 L.M. Montgomery 6 LibriVox links 7 Polyamory 8 Links from Book Titles 9 40 books for children???? 10 Writing for children 11 Influence 12 Dedication of books 13 Works 14 Assessment comment [2007] deleted as outdated, per instructions [2016] I created Talk:E. Nesbit/Archive 1 by hand containing the four sections without 2011–2016 material, which are actually unchanged since 2007. I plan to archive more of this after re-reading the article, and some study. But I am done for today at least. --P64 (talk) 00:04, 10 March 2017 (UTC)

 * Almost three years later: I did not return to this work, nor has another contributor archived any more content. Not stated above: The contents of handmade Archive 1 are simply those four sections among #1-6 which are marked strikeout in the list above. . --P64 (talk) 02:48, 2 February 2020 (UTC)

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Category:Transport in Cumbria

This category contains articles relating to transport within Cumbria.

title: Category:Transport in Cumbria


text:
Red-short carbon steel

Red-short, hot-short refers to brittleness of steels at red-hot temperatures. It is often caused by high sulfur levels, in which case it is also known as sulfur embrittlement.

Description
Iron or steel, when heated to above 460 °C (900 °F), glows with a red color. The color of heated iron changes predictably (due to black-body radiation) from dull red through orange and yellow to white, and can be a useful indicator of its temperature. Good quality iron or steel at and above this temperature becomes increasingly malleable and plastic. Iron or steel having too much sulfur, on the other hand, becomes crumbly and brittle. This is due to the sulfur forming iron sulfide/iron mixtures in the grain boundaries of the metal which have a lower melting point than the steel.

When the steel is heated up and worked, the mechanical energy added to the workpiece increases the temperature further. The iron sulfide (FeS) or iron/iron sulfide alloy (which has an even lower melting point) begins to melt, and the steel starts to separate at the grain boundaries. Steelmakers add manganese (Mn) to the steel when it is produced, to form manganese sulfide (MnS). Manganese sulfide inclusions have a higher melting point and do not concentrate at the grain boundaries. Thus, when the steel is later heated up and worked, the melting at the grain boundaries does not occur.

title: Red-short carbon steel


text:
Frank Nicklin

Sir George Francis Reuben Nicklin, (6 August 1895 – 29 January 1978) was an Australian politician. He was the Premier of Queensland from 1957 to 1968, the first non-Labor Party premier since 1932.

Early life and career
Nicklin was born in Murwillumbah, New South Wales on 6 August 1895, the son of newspaper proprietor George Francis Nicklin and his New Zealand-born wife, Edith Catherine ( Bond).

Nicklin was educated at Murwillumbah Public School and Highfield College in Turramurra, Sydney. In 1910 the family moved to Beerwah in Queensland, where Nicklin's father took up banana farming. Nicklin enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force in 1916 and served with distinction during the First World War, where he was promoted to corporal and was awarded the Military Medal. On his return to Queensland he bought a small pineapple farm at Palmwoods, 100 kilometres north of Brisbane, through a soldier-settler scheme. Nicklin saved wisely and put his farming experience to good use, and his farm succeeded where many others failed. He led many fruit-growers' organisations, and then became involved in Country Party politics.

When the Member for the solid Country Party seat of Murrumba retired in 1932, Nicklin became the new candidate for the hybrid urban-regional seat in Brisbane and the Sunshine Coast. He won the seat, although the Country and Progressive National Party Government of A. E. Moore was heavily defeated. Nicklin, therefore, entered Parliament as an opposition backbencher. He transferred to the newly created Sunshine Coast seat of Landsborough in 1950.

Nicklin was a popular and hardworking local member, and remained popular throughout very difficult times for the Country Party in Queensland. The opposition was fractured and weak, and the Government of William Forgan Smith very secure. Nicklin's preferred area was agriculture, and he made many speeches on the subject.

Opposition Leader
In 1941 the opposition suffered another severe defeat, with Labor winning 41 seats to the Country Party's 14 and the United Australia Party's four. After the election, the Queensland caucuses of the two non-Labor parties decided to merge as the Country-National Organisation. Opposition leader Ted Maher stood down, and Nicklin was elected to lead the merged party. The merger fell apart in 1944, but Nicklin remained as head of a Country-UAP coalition.

Nicklin was leader of the opposition for sixteen years, losing five elections in a row (1944, 1947, 1950, 1953, 1956). In 1942 Labor abolished full preferential voting in favour of first-past-the-post, meaning that the Country Party and UAP could no longer rely on each other's preferences in seats that they both contested. Even more damaging to the coalition's chances was the introduction of a zonal electoral system in 1949, in which seats in the traditional Labor north and west of the state required fewer members than the Country-Party dominated south-east or the Queensland People's Party (formerly UAP, soon to be the Liberals) dominated metropolitan areas.

Despite these setbacks, Nicklin was never challenged for the leadership. Many coalition members appeared to have despaired of ever defeating Labor, and were content to simply represent their constituencies. Accordingly, Nicklin was left to handle most of the business of opposition. He acknowledged to a 1955 conference of leading Country Party figures that their chances of ever being seated to the right of the speaker were slim, but he continued as opposition leader anyway. After the 1956 election, in which he was severely defeated by Labor's Vince Gair, Nicklin considered retiring from politics. However, his fortunes would soon change.

The late 1950s saw increasing fear of communism in Australia, and increasing tensions between the Parliamentary Labor Party and the party's union-dominated Central Executive (QCE) in Queensland. These tensions boiled over in 1957, when the QCE pushed the Government to introduce three weeks' paid leave for public servants. Gair refused, and Nicklin backed him, arguing that the QCE was dominated by unaccountable left-wing trade union leaders with communist sympathies.

On 24 April Gair was expelled from the ALP, and he and his supporters formed the Queensland Labor Party (QLP). This body would later join the anti-communist Democratic Labor Party (DLP) which had arisen out of a split in the ALP in Victoria. Reduced to a minority government, Gair negotiated with Nicklin for support from the Country Party in Parliament. However, Nicklin broke them off at the suggestion of federal Country Party leader Arthur Fadden (himself a Queenslander), who believed that given the ructions in Labor, Nicklin had a good chance to become Premier himself.

On 12 June 1957, Lieutenant Governor and Chief Justice of Queensland Alan Mansfield (Governor John Lavarack was indisposed) ordered Parliament to reassemble. Shortly after 10:30 pm that night, Treasurer Ted Walsh moved that supply be granted to the Gair QLP government. The remnants of the ALP, now led by Jack Duggan, crossed the floor and voted against the Government. Sensing his long-denied chance had come, Nicklin instructed the Coalition to block supply as well, bringing the Gair government down. It had been the shortest session of Parliament in Queensland's history.

Premiership
In the ensuing election on 3 August 1957, every QLP MP faced an ALP challenger, while every ALP MP faced a QLP challenger. This created dozens of three-cornered contests, and the two Labor factions could not direct preferences to each other even if they'd wanted to do so.

Taking advantage of the split in the Labor vote, Nicklin's Country-Liberal coalition came to power with 42 seats – the first non-Labor Government since 1932. The two Labor factions won only 31 seats between them. Nicklin was the first of six consecutive Country/National Party leaders to become Premier.

Nicklin's first priority was to reverse the zonal electoral system in favour of his Government. Nicklin's redistribution was fairer than Hanlon's, but it still favoured the Country Party. The far-western region went down from five seats to three, and the provincial cities (which had traditionally voted ALP) were separated from their hinterlands, in which new Country Party seats were created. As a result, Liberals gained new seats in Brisbane, and in return they agreed not to contest the zonal electoral system, despite the fact that it allowed the Country Party to be the senior coalition partner even if it won fewer votes than the Liberal Party (which it did after 1966). Another electoral reform in the form of compulsory preferential voting was introduced in 1960, when it became clear that the QLP no longer posed a threat, and that QLP voters were likely to give their preferences to a Country-Liberal coalition over the ALP in any event. Largely on the strength of QLP preferences, the Coalition scored a healthy four-seat swing in the 1960 state election—the first time since 1912 that a non-Labor government had been reelected. The QLP eventually became the Queensland branch of the Democratic Labor Party.

The Country and Liberal Parties enjoyed a harmonious relationship, with Nicklin and Liberal leader Kenneth Morris being friends as well as colleagues. The parties had some disputes over seat allocation in the mid-1960s, and Morris was not always an easy man to work with, but on the whole the Nicklin Government saw a period of remarkably cordial relations between the Nationals and Liberals, especially compared with the strife of later years. Morris retired in 1962 and was succeeded by Sir Alan Munro, also a staunch coalitionist. After only three years, Munro handed the Liberal leadership to Sir Gordon Chalk, who was also a very staunch coalitionist.

By comparison with the political turbulence in Queensland during the 1950s and the 1970s, the 1960s were singularly subdued. Primarily the Nicklin Government concentrated on employment relations and on developing the state's infrastructure. In general, Nicklin saw little reason to lose electoral capital by passing tough industrial relations laws during times of prosperity. However, the most serious crises of the Nicklin Premiership were based in poor handling of unions.

In 1961, at Morris' insistence, the old Industrial Court was replaced by the Industrial Relations and Arbitration Commission, which had less power. It could not raise award payments, although it could decrease them. At the time, the miners of Mount Isa Mines (MIM) were lodging a claim for a wage rise, which could not go through the new commission. This resulted in a strike which only ended with an uneasy truce. The dispute broke out again in 1964, and again the mine needed to be closed down. Here, Nicklin acted erratically. First he did nothing for months, then passed a harsh order-in-council expanding police powers to deal with the strike. This came just as the issues behind the strike were being resolved, and caused the negotiations to break down again. While the mines could eventually reopen, Nicklin was condemned for poor handling of the crisis. As he was leading a government that lacked experience, Nicklin knew that he would be relying heavily on Queensland's leading bureaucrats. He treated the public service union with care, restoring the privilege of a half-day's leave to visit the annual exhibition.

Nicklin viewed his own achievements as Premier in terms of state development. Like most Queensland Premiers, he believed in building and capital works. Under Nicklin, road mileage doubled, irrigated land doubled, and a number of projects such as the Moogerah Dam were undertaken. Mining boomed – total mining output almost trebled, and Weipa became the largest bauxite mine in the world. The Nicklin Government, especially through effective Treasurers such as Tom Hiley, was good at attracting foreign customers for Queensland's minerals and other produce.

Probably Nicklin is best remembered for his probity, which earned him the nickname 'Honest Frank'. It is not recorded who first coined the term, but it spread quickly and was widely accepted, even by Nicklin's opponents, as being accurate. Nicklin was not widely known when he became Premier, and while he was too modest a man to indulge in self-aggrandising publicity he was skilled enough as a politician to benefit from the way in which his reputation for decency stuck with him.

Nicklin held his Cabinet to high standards. He was only forced to dismiss ministers on two occasions, once for tax evasion and once for a sexual harassment scandal, and in both cases he lied to cover the real reasons for the ministers' departure. These stories seem to be the only deliberate untruths he ever told to the public while in office. Nicklin's hold over his cabinet was firm, and there was no question that ministers who could not live up to Nicklin's standards were summarily dismissed.

From 1966 Nicklin's health declined markedly, and at the end of 1967 he announced that he would retire from politics on 17 January 1968. He had served 35 years in the legislature and 27 years as leader of the non-Labor forces in Queensland. His 10 years and five months as Premier was then a Queensland record. In 1968 he was knighted, and in a rare concession to formality chose to be dubbed 'Sir Francis'. He died on 29 January 1978, aged 82. At his own choice, he was not given the pomp and ceremony of a state funeral.

Assessment
In many ways, Nicklin broke the mould of Queensland Premiers. Neither authoritarian nor populist in temperament, he was willing to share the power for which he had been forced to wait many years, and he was prepared to defer to those whom he knew to possess greater knowledge or talent than he. Both of these traits made his Government successful. His outstanding achievement was probably the mere fact that his Premiership was such a quiet and uneventful time. He was friendly and well liked by the people of Queensland, and was known as 'the gentleman Premier'.

Still, there is some debate over whether Nicklin's geniality was entirely genuine or whether it concealed an iron fist. There were rumours that he inspired fear in his cabinet, although this is common among successful Premiers and Prime Ministers. He remains something of a paradox – determined yet open, honest and outwardly benevolent. Not the wisest or most imaginative of Queensland Premiers, he nonetheless achieved a good deal without needing to hog the limelight. He was lucky to have been in office during a time of stability and prosperity, and it is true that his administration benefited from the parlous state of the ALP after Gair's downfall. Even so, his Premiership is generally considered by historians to have been a success.

The state electorate of Nicklin and the Nicklin Way arterial road, both based on the Sunshine Coast, are named in his honour.

title: Frank Nicklin


text:
Talk:List of egg dishes

Untitled
Why is Egg in the Basket red? There is an Egg in the Basket Article on wikipedia lol. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 67.76.81.8 (talk • contribs) 19:33, 26 June 2006 (UTC).
 * fixed. Wikipedia article names (and therefore links to them) are case sensitive except for the very first letter. 24.19.184.243 13:12, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

The purpose being???????????

Mothperson 00:04, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Oh, I found the list useful. I just think it should be a category. McKay 22:07, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree. There are thousands of egg dishes unaccounted for in the list, so I don't see a tremendous obligation for red-link placeholders, and a category would all but eliminate the current maintenance requirements.

 * On a more general note, the culinary arts still have a comparatively desolate representation on Wikipedia, possibly because attentions and content are divided between Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Cookbook (whose authors often contextualize the dishes and components, so it's not just recipes). It's unclear to me what the dividing line between the two projects is or should be, but the current configuration seems imperfect.

 * However, I think we can count on this for the near future: Wikipedia is high-profile, Wikimedia Cookbooks are not. People constantly add stubs for food dishes to Wikipedia, and will continue to do so. Meanwhile, Wikipedias in other languages don't necessarily have thriving Cookbook projects, and in some cultural contexts it might be anathema to segregate the subject of food from the central knowledge base—I can sympathize with such a view. The culinary arts are so central to culture and cultural identity; it's not just about incidental usage or recipes. It's not always easy to determine which topics are culturally-entrenched enough to warrant Wikipedia entries.

 * Coming back to the case in point, I do believe this list should function as a category on Wikipedia since Wikipedia already has many robust egg dish articles. While gastronomics are central in every cultural context, in Western cuisine in particular egg dishes are quintessential and definitive: the pleats on a chef's toque symbolize the "100 ways" s/he can prepare an egg. The plethora of unique preparations from around the world which populate this list of egg dishes attest to the fact that the contemporary West isn't alone in its high regard and multifarious treatment of poultry eggs. If "Buffyverse" is a deserving category, how much more deserving are the key themes of humanity's gastronomic traditions? I think it's a fascinating cross-section. — Ringbang 16:04, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll be damned if I know what your point is here. Sorry.  I mean - I was the one who expanded the list from its lame origin, and yet, I get the strong feeling you don't agree with me.  Which is fine. I just wish I knew what you were trying to say.  --Mothperson cocoon 23:11, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

I give up. Mothperson 19:16, 19 May 2005 (UTC)

Having now transformed this pseudo-list into a list, I must confess I still don't see the point. It was fun, but I'm not about to write five dozen food stubs to turn all that red into blue. And having already gotten into trouble for turning another list into clutter, I'm not going to add anything in the way of descriptions. So I leave this list to the tender care of others who may pass by and think of improvements. In this case, it was definitely the egg that came first. --Mothperson 13:05, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

"Plain egg dishes"
These are not "dishes" so much as basic preparation methods.--Ericjs (talk) 19:44, 5 February 2012 (UTC)
 * True enough, but useful to have for everyone.--DThomsen8 (talk) 23:34, 31 January 2015 (UTC)

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I have moved some unsourced, unlinked entries from the article to this talk page, listed below. North America1000 06:53, 26 June 2022 (UTC)

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User:SebastianHelm/pilcrow

- - - -

title: User:SebastianHelm/pilcrow


text:
European E-government projects

European E-government projects are best practice exchanges among municipal governments. Arising out of a "national strategy for local e-government, the 22 National Projects offer councils proven, cost effective, standard products, services and implementation roadmaps with which to build effective e-services tailored to their citizens and each council's own unique needs."

Its knowledge pool consisted mostly of ways to enable participatory democracy using e-democracy and more use of information technology to listen to constituents.

The more e-government focused UK local egov product catalogue "enables users to access and download hundreds of National Project outputs" to "assist with specific Priority Outcomes or Efficiency Review categories.". Its most popular "products" included:

 * redesigning your Intranet
 * business process modelling notation
 * approaches to systems integration

title: European E-government projects


text: User talk:65.24.203.210

title: User talk:65.24.203.210


text:
Eyrarbakki

Eyrarbakki is a fishing village on the south coast of Iceland with a population of about 570 people, not including inhabitants of the prison located there. The village is founded on the Great Þjórsá Lava.

History
For centuries, the harbour at Eyrarbakki was the main port in the south of the country, and Eyrarbakki was the trading centre for the whole of the southern region extending from Selvogur in the west to Lómagnúpur in the east. By about 1925, however, Eyrarbakki lost its importance as a trading centre. The latter part of the 19th century saw a great increase in the number of oared fishing boats. In fact, although trade and fishing were the main occupations in Eyrarbakki, the natural harbour conditions were not good, and after the bridging of the nearby River Ölfusá, the harbour fell into disuse.

In 985 C.E., Bjarni Herjólfsson, a young merchant, sailed from Eyrarbakki headed for Greenland, but instead reached as far as North America. Upon his arrival in Greenland, Bjarni told Leif Eriksson of his discovery and sold him his boat, which Eriksson used for his own journey to North America.

The oldest building in the village, Húsið ("The House"), is a Norwegian kit home dating from 1765 and is the oldest preserved timber dwelling house in Iceland. It now houses the Árnesinga Folk Museum.

The church in Eyrarbakki was built in 1890; its altarpiece was painted by Queen Louise of Denmark, wife of King Christian IX, great-great-grandfather of Margrethe II of Denmark, Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and King Harald V of Norway.

The primary school, established in 1852, is the oldest in the country. Today Eyrarbakki is like a museum with many interesting old houses that the village and residents have renovated. The town is of great historical importance because of its role in fishing and trading history.

Economy
The most recent enterprises in Eyrarbakki have been a fish-processing plant, and an aluminum frying-pan plant. However, the main fish factory closed in the 1990s, and the frying-pan factory has closed as well. The nearby prison, Litla-Hraun, the largest in Iceland, is one of the town's main employers. In addition, there are a few small farms, with the traditional Icelandic horse breed. Tourism is another mainstay of the small economy.

Climate
Eyrarbakki has a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc). The average annual temperature in Eyrarbakki is 4.1 C. The average annual rainfall is 1372.6 mm with October as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 10.8 C, and lowest in January, at around -1.1 C. The highest temperature ever recorded in Eyrarbakki was 27.5 C on 30 July 2008; the coldest temperature ever recorded was -19.8 C on 13 December 1964.

title: Eyrarbakki


text:
Lake Pend Oreille

Lake Pend Oreille in the northern Idaho Panhandle is the largest lake in the U.S. state of Idaho and the 38th-largest lake by area in the United States, with a surface area of 148 sqmi. It is 69 km long, and 1152 ft deep in some regions, making it the fifth-deepest in the nation and having a volume of 43,939,940 acre feet = 54 km3. The lake is fed by the Clark Fork River and the Pack River, and drains into the Pend Oreille River, as well as subsurfacely into the Spokane Valley–Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer. It is surrounded by national forests and a few small towns, with the largest population on the lake at Sandpoint. The majority of the shoreline is non-populated and all but the southern tip of the lake is in Bonner County. The southern tip is in Kootenai County and is home to Farragut State Park, formerly the Farragut Naval Training Station during World War II, of which a small part is still active and conducts U.S. Navy acoustic underwater submarine research.

The surrounding forests consist of ponderosa pine, Douglas fir, red cedar, poplar, quaking aspen, hemlock, paper birch and western larch. Local animal species include white-tailed deer, elk, gray wolves, moose, mice, squirrels, chipmunks, black bears, grizzly bear, coyotes, mountain goat, cougar and bobcats, along with bald eagles, wild turkeys, osprey, owls, hummingbirds, hawks, woodpeckers, ducks, and the mountain bluebird. The lake is a home for several species of migratory water fowl.

History
Lake Pend Oreille was glacially formed during the ice age. It is also believed that the eastern side of the lake was in the path of the ancient Missoula Floods. The lake sits at the south end of the Purcell Trench, carved by glaciers moving south from Canada. The eastern side of the glacier is believed to have formed the dam for the Missoula floods, at the point where the Clark Fork river enters the lake between the Cabinet and Bitterroot mountains. The lake is made slightly larger by the dam at Albeni Falls, just east of Oldtown; the dam is 90 ft high and operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Along with Crater Lake, Lake Tahoe, Lake Chelan, and Lake Superior, Lake Pend Oreille is among the five deepest lakes in the United States.

The area around the lake is the traditional home of the Kalispel Indian peoples. David Thompson established a North West Company trading post on the lake in 1809. A Canadian fur trader in Thompson's party is believed to have given the lake its name. The words "Pend Oreille" are French for an ear-hanging or pendant. Ear pendants were characteristic of the Kalispel tribe. The lake is shaped much like a human ear when viewed from above or on a map.

During World War II, the south end was the second largest naval training ground in the world and the largest "city" in the state. Built as a result of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the training station is now Farragut State Park. The lake's Large Scale Vehicle Range is still used by the Navy's Acoustic Research Detachment for sonar testing with large-scale submarine prototypes on the Pend Oreille Calibration Station. The significant depth gives acoustic properties similar to the open ocean. Background noise is less than at ocean testing locations, and the sound signatures being investigated cannot be monitored by foreign governments in international waters.

In 1967, the former Farragut Naval Training Station was used to accommodate the 12th World Scout Jamboree (1 to 8 August), the dates being significant as it marked 60 years to the date after Sir Robert Baden Powell held his first scout camp on Brownsea Island in Poole Harbour, Dorset in England.

Other information

The following towns are adjacent to the lake:

 * Sandpoint
 * Ponderay
 * Kootenai
 * Hope
 * Clark Fork
 * Bayview
 * Sagle

The lake is viewed from the Pend Oreille Scenic Byway, State Highway 200 along the north shore. US 95 crosses the lake via Long bridge. Much of the shore is mountainous. The mountains to the east are the Green Monarchs; to the north are the Cabinet Mountains; to the southwest the Coeur d'Alene Mountains; and to northwest are the Selkirk Mountains.

Aquatic invasive species
The lake is known to harbor several invasive species. Some of these species include:

 * Eurasian watermilfoil
 * Walleye (Also known as Yellow Pike)
 * Lake Trout

Fish

The lake is home to many species of fish, including rainbow trout, lake trout, bull trout, cutthroat trout, brown trout, cutbow, perch, black crappie, bluegill, largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, whitefish, walleye, northern pike, northern pikeminnow, and kokanee salmon. Lake Pend Oreille was also the home of the 37 lb state record gerrard rainbow trout (aka kamloops rainbow) caught by Wes Hamlet in 1947.

title: Lake Pend Oreille


text:
Talk:Cycle sport

Proposal
This article talks only about road racing in depth. So I propose a move to bicycle road racing (road racing is autosport), which would make this article really skinny. Phlebas 00:07, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Skid kids??
What is skid kids? It was just added to bicycle racing events, and I have never heard of it. Thanks. Julius.kusuma 17:49, 25 December 2005 (UTC)

I've heard...
that instead of stopping to go to the bathroom, bicycle racers on long races just go in their pants. Is that true? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.199.163.158 (talk) 19:53, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Sometimes. Although most prefer the more "civilized" method of pulling a pant leg up and "doing" it over one side.  Preferably this is during a slight and straight downhill.  Otherwise, teammates may be enlisted to push that rider along while he is doing it.  Julius.kusuma 17:21, 10 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Similar is also true of marathon runners. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Timtak (talk • contribs) 01:10, 15 May 2009 (UTC)

Recumbent Bikes?
The paragraph on recumbent bikes seems out of place here, as it talks about their advantages in general, whereas the general page on recumbent bikes has information about racing. Maybe it should be reworded? Pjc51 21:14, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

US and Australia successes
I don't see the need for the detailed information at the bottom of the page about USA's and Australia's successes in the sport of cycling. I removed them for the time being, but this is of course open for discussion. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jellevc (talk • contribs) 14:27, 5 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree, its enough to mention they are successful cycling nations. I also removed the wikilink to Cycling Australia, there is no reason for national federations to be linked on this page, and it was strange that only Australia had such a link.LanterneRouge (talk) 14:49, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

More emphasis on existance of detailed articlces
I came to Bicycle racing thinking it would tell me about the Tour de France, Giro etc. I missed the un obtrusive inline link to "Road Bicycle Racing" if you look at the French wikipedia article], each seperate main article is given a magnifying glass. For the time being I have put a link in the see also, but this is unfair to the other types. I don't know how to add "main article" links. Well...what I am trying to say is that I think that there should be more emphasis that this article is just a top of category introduction, and that there are detailed articles on each type of bicycle race, not just as inline links, like the French version of this page. --Timtak (talk) 01:21, 15 May 2009 (UTC)

Trials is not racing. And Freestyle BMX is not covered here
Should this be the main article on bicycle sports? If so, then racing should be changed to sports in the title, so that it can properly include Trails, as well as Freestyle BMX, Cycle polo, and so on. Or should there be an even broader article that includes all bike competitions, and let this one only cover racing? --Dennis Bratland (talk) 01:22, 21 January 2014 (UTC)

Requested move 23 June 2014

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved. Jenks24 (talk) 13:53, 1 July 2014 (UTC)

Cycle sport → Cycle racing – Article about cycle racing. Main article for category. Sub-articles are: Road bicycle racing, Mountain bike racing. NickSt (talk) 18:18, 23 June 2014 (UTC)

Survey

 * Feel free to state your position on the renaming proposal by beginning a new line in this section with  or  , then sign your comment with  . Since polling is not a substitute for discussion, please explain your reasons, taking into account Wikipedia's policy on article titles.

 * Oppose halfpipe BMX is apparently also covered by this article, and that is not a race, that's a judged competition. If this article also covers extreme unicycling, then that also is not a race, but a judged artistic competition (akin to parkour on a unicycle) -- 65.94.171.126 (talk) 07:11, 24 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Oppose Keep the article, fix the category. It's logical to begin with an article that covers a topic most inclusively -- all forms of cylcing competition -- and then to spawn child articles that cover sub-topics, like racing, ball, or exhibition forms of cycle competition. The alternative is to lump non-racing forms of cycle competition into the parent article and category, cycling, alongside recreation and transportation. We'd have to shoehorn BMX freestyle and artistic cycling and cycle polo and cycle ball and so on into cycling. Or else have no place for them to go. That would treat racing as special for no reason whatsoever. Covering the general first and then the specific is the principle in Summary style. So after this move is resolved, we should move Category:Cycle racing to Category:Cycle sport, and then consider a sub-categories for racing/non-racing if necessary. Or leave Category:Cycle racing but place it under Category:Cycle sport --Dennis Bratland (talk) 14:41, 24 June 2014 (UTC)
 * I would prefer the second option of having Category:Cycle sport and Category:Cycle racing. A cycle racing subarticle could also be supportable, if this article grows too large. -- 65.94.171.126 (talk) 00:24, 25 June 2014 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Any additional comments:

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

No-Needle-Policy
Is No-Needle-Policy really totally unknown in WP? --Itu (talk) 00:59, 1 July 2016 (UTC)

Environmental impact
This article doesn't mention anything about the environmental impact (CO² emissions) of bicycle races. Still, reports on the issue (for the Tour de France specifically) have been prepared by universities like the Cardiff University (see http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/cplan/news/new-report-environmental-impact-tour-de-france ). This report focuses on the viewers themselves, however, a lot of emissions actually come from the advertising caravan and the cars of the bicycle teams (mechanics, ...).

It seems weird to me that they actually haven't made bicyce races like the Tour climate-neutral yet. The Tour of California has been made climate neutral for instance, see http://stage.amgentourofcalifornia.com/Archives/2006-archive/press-archive/pr_01252006_clifbar.html Also, making a bicycle race climate neutral would be far easier than doing the same with say car races, and it's also not really in their intrest to not do it, given that they gain much revenue from tourist-oriented sectors.

Please put a section on the environmental impact on the page, and link to the Cardiff University report. KVDP (talk) 15:58, 21 July 2016 (UTC)

Suggested move
The 2014 requested move garnered very little attention and so I wish to revive that discussion. The current title of the article in my opinion is unsuitable as it is both vague and I have never heard it used in sources. Regards, Willbb234 13:24, 3 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cycle sport


text:
Talk:USS Potomac

Untitled
Hum. This is a disambiguation page, not an article. Not entirely convinced how the additional information added here by User:Wwoods helps to get the reader to the right article. Wouldn't it have been better to spend the time on the relevant articles. -- Chris j wood 00:08, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Maybe I put in more than necessary. Still, things like final dates, class names, and notable incidents do help make the right item stand out. And Elvis Presley was too good to skip. :-)
 * —wwoods 00:20, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:USS Potomac


text:
File:Band of Gypsys album.jpg

Album cover of Jimi Hendrix's Band of Gypsies, available under fair use doctrine.

Fair use in Band of Gypsys
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It illustrates educational articles about the album from which the cover illustration was taken.
 * 2) The image is used as the primary means of visual identification of the article topic.
 * 3) The use of the cover will not affect the value of the original work or limit the copyright holder's rights or ability to distribute the original. In particular, copies of the image could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) It is a low resolution image.
 * 5) The image is only a small portion of the commercial product.
 * 6) It is not replaceable with an uncopyrighted or freely copyrighted image of comparable educational value.

title: File:Band of Gypsys album.jpg


text:
Iverson bracket

In mathematics, the Iverson bracket, named after Kenneth E. Iverson, is a notation that generalises the Kronecker delta, which is the Iverson bracket of the statement $x = y$. It maps any statement to a function of the free variables in that statement. This function is defined to take the value 1 for the values of the variables for which the statement is true, and takes the value 0 otherwise. It is generally denoted by putting the statement inside square brackets: $$[P] = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if } P \text{ is true;} \\ 0 & \text{otherwise.} \end{cases}$$ In other words, the Iverson bracket of a statement is the indicator function of the set of values for which the statement is true.

The Iverson bracket allows using capital-sigma notation without restriction on the summation index. That is, for any property $$P(k)$$ of the integer $$k$$, one can rewrite the restricted sum $$\sum_{k : P(k)}f(k)$$ in the unrestricted form $$\sum_k f(k) \cdot[P(k)]$$. With this convention, $$f(k)$$ does not need to be defined for the values of $k$ for which the Iverson bracket equals $0$; that is, a summand $$f(k)[\textbf{false}]$$ must evaluate to 0 regardless of whether $$f(k)$$ is defined.

The notation was originally introduced by Kenneth E. Iverson in his programming language APL, though restricted to single relational operators enclosed in parentheses, while the generalisation to arbitrary statements, notational restriction to square brackets, and applications to summation, was advocated by Donald Knuth to avoid ambiguity in parenthesized logical expressions.

Properties
There is a direct correspondence between arithmetic on Iverson brackets, logic, and set operations. For instance, let A and B be sets and $$P(k_1,\dots)$$ any property of integers; then we have

$$\begin{align}[] [\,P \land Q\,] ~ &= ~ [\,P\,]\,[\,Q\,]; \\[1em] [\,P \lor Q\,] ~ &= ~ [\,P\,] \; + \; [\,Q\,] \; - \; [\,P\,]\,[\,Q\,]; \\[1em] [\,\neg \,P\,] ~ &= ~ 1 - [\,P\,]; \\[1em] [\,P {\scriptstyle\mathsf\text{ XOR }} Q\,] ~ &= ~ \Bigl|\,[\,P\,] \; - \; [\,Q\,] \, \Bigr| ; \\[1em] [\,k \in A\,] \; + \; [\,k \in B\,] ~ &= ~ [\,k \in A \cup B\,] \; + \; [\,k \in A \cap B\,]; \\[1em] [\,x \in A \cap B\,] ~ &= ~ [\,x \in A\,]\, [\,x \in B\,]; \\[1em] [\,\forall \,m\ : \, P(k, m)\,] ~ &= ~ \prod_m\, [\,P(k, m)\,]; \\[1em] [\,\exists \,m\ : \, P(k, m)\,] ~ &= ~ \min\Bigl\{\;1\,, \,\sum_m \,[\,P(k, m)\,]\;\Bigr\} = 1 \; - \;\prod_m \, [\,\neg\, P(k, m)\,] ; \\[1em] \#\Bigl\{\; m \,\Big| \, P(k, m)\;\Bigr\} ~ &= ~ \sum_m \, [\,P(k, m)\,]. \end{align}$$

Examples
The notation allows moving boundary conditions of summations (or integrals) as a separate factor into the summand, freeing up space around the summation operator, but more importantly allowing it to be manipulated algebraically.

Double-counting rule
We mechanically derive a well-known sum manipulation rule using Iverson brackets: $$\begin{align} \sum_{k\in A}f(k)+\sum_{k\in B}f(k) &=\sum_kf(k)\,[k\in A]+\sum_kf(k)\,[k\in B]\\ &=\sum_kf(k)\,([k\in A]+[k\in B]) \\&=\sum_kf(k)\,([k\in A\cup B]+[k\in A\cap B]) \\&=\sum_{k\in A\cup B}f(k)\ +\sum_{k\in A\cap B}f(k). \end{align}$$

Summation interchange
The well-known rule $\sum_{j=1}^n \sum_{k=1}^j f(j,k) = \sum_{k=1}^n \sum_{j=k}^n f(j,k)$ is likewise easily derived: $$\begin{align} \sum_{j=1}^n\,\sum_{k=1}^j f(j,k) &=\sum_{j,k}f(j,k)\,[1\leq j\leq n]\,[1\leq k\leq j] \\&=\sum_{j,k}f(j,k)\,[1\leq k\leq j\leq n] \\&=\sum_{j,k}f(j,k)\,[1\leq k\leq n]\,[k\leq j\leq n]

\\&=\sum_{k=1}^n\,\sum_{j=k}^n f(j,k). \end{align}$$

Counting
For instance, Euler's totient function that counts the number of positive integers up to n which are coprime to n can be expressed by $$ \varphi(n)=\sum_{i=1}^{n}[\gcd(i,n)=1],\qquad\text{for } n\in\N^+.$$

Simplification of special cases
Another use of the Iverson bracket is to simplify equations with special cases. For example, the formula $$\sum_{1\le k\le n \atop \gcd(k,n)=1}\!\!k = \frac{1}{2}n\varphi(n)$$

is valid for $n > 1$ but is off by $1⁄2$ for $n = 1$. To get an identity valid for all positive integers $n$ (i.e., all values for which $$\phi(n)$$ is defined), a correction term involving the Iverson bracket may be added: $$\sum_{1\le k\le n \atop \gcd(k,n)=1}\!\!k = \frac{1}{2}n \Big(\varphi(n)+[n=1]\Big)$$

Common functions
Many common functions, especially those with a natural piecewise definition, may be expressed in terms of the Iverson bracket. The Kronecker delta notation is a specific case of Iverson notation when the condition is equality. That is, $$\delta_{ij} = [i=j].$$

The indicator function, often denoted $$\mathbf{1}_A(x)$$, $$\mathbf{I}_A(x)$$ or $$\chi_A(x)$$, is an Iverson bracket with set membership as its condition: $$\mathbf{I}_A(x) = [x\in A].$$

The Heaviside step function, sign function, and absolute value function are also easily expressed in this notation: $$\begin{align} H(x) &= [x \ge 0], \\ \sgn(x) &= [x > 0] - [x < 0], \end{align}$$

and $$\begin{align} |x| &= x[x > 0] - x[x < 0] \\ &= x([x > 0] - [x < 0]) \\ &= x \cdot \sgn(x). \end{align}$$

The comparison functions max and min (returning the larger or smaller of two arguments) may be written as $$\max(x, y) = x[x > y] + y[x \leq y]$$ and $$\min(x, y) = x[x \leq y] + y[x > y].$$

The floor and ceiling functions can be expressed as $$\lfloor x \rfloor = \sum_n n \cdot [n \le x < n + 1]$$ and $$\lceil x \rceil = \sum_n n \cdot [n - 1 < x \le n],$$ where the index $$n$$ of summation is understood to range over all the integers.

The ramp function can be expressed $$R(x) = x \cdot [x \geq 0].$$

The trichotomy of the reals is equivalent to the following identity: $$[a < b] + [a = b] + [a > b] = 1. $$

The Möbius function has the property (and can be defined by recurrence as ) $$\sum_{d|n} \mu(d) \ =\ [n=1].$$

Formulation in terms of usual functions
In the 1830s, Guglielmo dalla Sommaja used the expression $$0^{0^x}$$ to represent what now would be written $$[x > 0]$$; he also used variants, such as $$\left(1 - 0^{0^{-x}}\right) \left(1 - 0^{0^{x-a}}\right)$$ for $$[0 \leq x \leq a]$$. Following one common convention, those quantities are equal where defined: $$0^{0^x}$$ is 1 if $x > 0$, is 0 if $x = 0$, and is undefined otherwise.

Notational variations
In addition to the now-standard square brackets [ · ], and the original parentheses ( · ) , blackboard bold brackets have also been used, e.g. $⟦ · ⟧$ , as well as other unusual forms of bracketing marks available in the publisher's typeface, accompanied by a marginal note.

title: Iverson bracket


text:
David Jacobs (broadcaster)

David Lewis Jacobs, CBE (19 May 1926 – 2 September 2013) was a British broadcaster. He was the presenter of the BBC Television series Juke Box Jury in the 1960s, and chaired the long-running BBC Radio 4 topical discussion series Any Questions?. His earlier radio work included small acting parts: over the years he played himself or presenter characters in film, television and radio productions. Jacobs finally stepped down as a BBC Radio 2 presenter shortly before his death in 2013, his career having spanned more than 65 years.

Early life and career
Jacobs was born to a Jewish family, the youngest of three sons of Jeanette and David Jacobs senior, in Streatham Hill, London, and educated at Belmont College and Strand School. In his early years the family was affluent, but his father, a Covent Garden fruit importer, was bankrupted in 1939 after suffering ill-health for a decade, and the family soon lost their home. This forced his youngest son to leave school at 14, and Jacobs took up various short-term jobs, before he served in the Royal Navy from 1944 to 1947, and performed on the popular BBC General Forces Programme Navy Mixture in 1944. He became an announcer with the British Forces Broadcasting Service and was chief announcer on Radio SEAC in Ceylon (1945–47). Jacobs was later assistant station director.

A BBC staff announcer in the early 1950s, his voice intoned the title for many of the 53 episodes of the space adventure series Journey Into Space. He played 22 parts in the series. He also broadcast on Radio Luxembourg. He had, between 1957 and 1961, established the chart show format of the BBC Light Programme's Pick of the Pops, to which he briefly returned in 1962. Between 1957 and 1966, he presented A Song for Europe and provided the UK commentary at Eurovision Song Contests.

Jacobs presented Juke Box Jury on BBC television between 1959 and 1967. This was a weekly show in which a guest panel reviewed newly released pop records and forecast whether each would become a "hit" or a "miss". By 1962 the programme attracted 12 million viewers weekly on Saturday nights. He was one of the four original presenters of Top of the Pops when it began in 1964, but remained a presenter of the programme for only its first two years. "I became too square for the pop scene", he once commented.

In 1963 he published an autobiography, Jacobs' Ladder.

From the late 1960s to 1984
Most of Jacobs's career after the late 1960s was at BBC Radio 2, although in the early days of BBC Radio 1, which opened in September 1967, he had a late programme on Sundays. Though a Radio 1 show, this was broadcast on Radios 1 and 2 and consisted of easy listening music and interviews with guests. From December 1967 until July 1984, Jacobs chaired the Radio 4 topical debate programme Any Questions?. During the 1980s, he hosted a TV series with a similar format, called Questions, for viewers in south and south-east England, made by and shown on TVS, the ITV franchise holder in the region at the time. He hosted the panel game What's My Line? when it was revived on BBC2 from 1973 to 1974. In 1973 he hosted a short-lived version of the American game show The Who, What or Where Game.

Jacobs appeared as himself in the 1974 film Stardust, compèring a 1960s award ceremony. He also appeared as himself in an episode of the BBC sitcom Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em alongside Michael Crawford, presenting a fictional home-improvement show.

In 1984, he received the Sony Gold Award for his outstanding contribution to radio over the years (and was subsequently admitted to the Sony Hall of Fame). He also achieved the Richard Martin Award for exceptional service in the cause of animal welfare. In the same year, Jacobs was appointed Representative Deputy Lieutenant for the Royal Borough of Kingston, a position he held over the following 17 years. On his retirement from this position he became High Steward of Kingston.

Later career
Between January 1985 and December 1991, Jacobs presented a daily lunchtime programme on Radio 2 of what he characterised as "our kind of music", much of it popular tunes from musical theatre. Jacobs subsequently presented a weekly programme following a similar format, for a time on Saturday evening and later on Fridays, although the show finished airing in early 1999. He also presented Radio 2's long-running Sunday programme Melodies for You from 1974 to 1984.

By now one of the station's oldest presenters, he hosted a Sunday late-night easy listening show from 1998 until 2013, The David Jacobs Collection, showcasing songs from Hollywood, Broadway and Tin Pan Alley and continuing the "our kind of music" theme. The programme regularly featured recordings by Matt Monro, Frank Sinatra, Judy Garland, Ella Fitzgerald, Sammy Davis, Jr., Vic Damone and Robert Preston among others and its signature tune was an instrumental version of Cole Porter's "I Love You, Samantha" from High Society.

On television, Jacobs was a regular Dictionary Corner guest on Channel 4's popular quiz show Countdown between 1993 and 2001, making 62 guest appearances in all on the programme.

In a revival of the 1950s show Journey into Space, he played the lead role of Jet Morgan in Frozen in Time on BBC Radio 4 on 12 April 2008, and he played The Host in The Host on BBC Radio 4 on 27 June 2009.

DJs Stuart Maconie and Mark Radcliffe recruited Jacobs in 2008 to introduce album tracks from Cream on their weekday evening Radio 2 show under the rubric "Jacobs's Cream Crackers", an allusion to a brand of biscuit. In 2010, he provided soundbites for Chris Evans's breakfast show, and chose a record each Thursday. This followed the success of his choice of Maurice Chevalier's I'm Gonna Shine Today as a song to play on the programme.

During the first half of 2012, while Jacobs was recovering from two major operations, he continued to be heard each Sunday on BBC Radio 2, which broadcast repeats of The David Jacobs Collection and Frank Sinatra: Voice of the Century, presented by Jacobs in 1998. He returned to his regular Sunday night slot with The David Jacobs Collection on 8 July 2012.

On 22 July 2013 Jacobs announced that he was stepping down as presenter of his Radio 2 show, citing ill health. His last show was broadcast on 4 August 2013. He said, "I will not stop collecting but my sadness will be that I cannot share them with all my loyal listeners. But rest assured, I will be back from time to time." He was replaced in this slot by Don Black.

He had been involved since its inception in Kingston's Rose Theatre, of which he was life president. He was vice-patron of the charity Advance Centre for the Scotson Technique, and patron of the Disabled Photographers' Society. Jacobs was also a lifelong friend of Dame Vera Lynn and was Vice President of her charity, The Dame Vera Lynn Trust for Children with Cerebral Palsy. He was also involved in the Celebrities Guild, which Michael Freedland described as "a kind of Jewish Variety Club", and regularly spoke at "ordinary suburban synagogues".

Personal life
In 1949 Jacobs married Patricia Bradlaw, with whom he had three daughters and a son, but their marriage collapsed in 1969, and the couple finally divorced in 1972. Their actress daughter Emma Jacobs featured in The Stud (1978), a film in which she played Alex Khaled, daughter of Fontaine Khaled (Joan Collins). Jacobs' marriage to Lindsay Stuart-Hutcheson lasted from 1979 until his death in 2013.

His life was marred by several tragic events. Jeremy, his 19-year-old son, was killed in Israel in 1972 in a car accident while engaged in charity work. In 1975, Jacobs survived a car accident in Spain in which his pregnant second wife, Caroline (née Munro), whom he had married earlier that year, and Caroline Marsh, wife of politician Richard Marsh, were killed. With journalist Sue Freeman, he co-wrote a memoir of her, Caroline (1978).

Death
Jacobs died at home at the age of 87 on 2 September 2013, surrounded by his family. He had been suffering from Parkinson's disease and had also been treated for liver cancer since at least 2011.

title: David Jacobs (broadcaster)