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User:DickClarkMises

(Review.)

Charles Richard "Dick" Clark II (b. 18 April 1981)

My hometown until 1996 was Slidell, Louisiana, which was subjected to the wrath of Hurricane Katrina after I left. As a kid I played soccer and later worked as a Grade 8 USSF referee. I was also active in the Boy Scouts of America and my local church. I worked at Salmen Scout Reservation as a Shooting Sports Assistant in 1996 and as Assistant Archery Director in 1997. In 1996, I moved to Hoover, Alabama where I attended Hoover High School. In 1999, I went to Auburn, Alabama to start my college education. I went to law school in Boston, Massachusetts, and over the four years I lived there I resided in Allston, then Central Square in Cambridge, and finally in the Maverick Square neighborhood of East Boston. Since January 2011, I have lived with my wife in Lincoln, Nebraska. We have three kids.

I have been admitted to practice law in Massachusetts, Nebraska, and the United States District Court for the District of Nebraska. My practice areas include firearms law, criminal defense, and trusts and estates.

(See this gallery for all the images I have contributed to Wikipedia. See this one for the images I have contributed to the Commons.)

title: User:DickClarkMises


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Housebling

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 02:53, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Housebling
Delete as neologism. Feco 03:55, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I agree.  --Fuzzball! (talk) 05:27, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, neologism. Megan1967 05:56, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, <100 google hits, neologism. Wmahan. 22:01, 2005 Apr 13 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: User talk:70.68.173.118

title: User talk:70.68.173.118


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Seven, They Are Seven

Seven, They Are Seven (Семеро их) (op. 30) is a cantata by Sergei Prokofiev composed in 1917 for large orchestra, chorus, and dramatic tenor soloist. It was composed in Yessentuki and Kislovodsk, and the words are taken from the poem Ancient Calls (Зовы древности) by Konstantin Balmont. It was revised by Prokofiev in 1933.

The work was composed in the year that the Russian tsar, Nicholas II of Russia, was overthrown. This was followed by the Russian Civil War, and Seven, They Are Seven was not performed until 1924 in Paris, and was directed by Serge Koussevitzky. It was first performed in Russia in 1956, after Prokofiev had died.

The poem that the work was composed to is a Russian translation of a cuneiform in a Mesopotamian temple from the third millennium BC. It describes seven demonic gods who have power over the elements, and also describes the power of these gods. There is an English translation of this poem included in the 1982 poetry anthology "The Rattle Bag," edited by Ted Hughes and Seamus Heaney [Faber, 1982].

title: Seven, They Are Seven


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Warner-Jenkinson Co. v. Hilton Davis Chemical Co.

Warner-Jenkinson Company, Inc. v. Hilton Davis Chemical Co., 520 U.S. 17 (1997), was a United States Supreme Court decision in the area of patent law, affirming the continued vitality of the doctrine of equivalents while making some important refinements to the doctrine.

Facts
The plaintiff Hilton Davis Chemical Co., a dyemaker, had developed an "ultrafiltration" process to purify dyes. An amendment to the patent had specified that a solution used in the process must have a pH level between 6.0 and 9.0. The amendment was filed in order to clarify that this patent did not overlap with a previously patented process that used a solution with a pH level above 9.0 - however, the plaintiff was unable to explain why the amendment stated a lower level of 6.0. The defendant had developed a process using a solution with a pH level of 5.0, which was outside the range of the plaintiff's patent.

The plaintiff sued for infringement, conceding that the defendant's process did not literally infringe, but relying on the doctrine of equivalents to support the claim of infringement. The defendant argued that the doctrine of equivalents was no longer appropriate for courts to use because Congress had made some changes to the patent statute after the Supreme Court's 1950 decision establishing the propriety of using the doctrine.

Issue
Is the doctrine of equivalents still in force? How is the plaintiff's amendment to figure into the problem?

Result
The Court, in an opinion by Justice Clarence Thomas, held that the doctrine of equivalents had not been eliminated by changes to the patent statute. Instead, the Court determined that the United States Congress would have explicitly stated that they were eliminating the doctrine if that was their intent. The Court enunciated a test for amendments, finding that if the plaintiff can prove the reason for the amendment was not to limit the patent, then infringement was still possible. The case was remanded to the trial court to determine if the plaintiff could explain his lower pH limit.

Concurrence
Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg wrote a concurring opinion, in which Justice Anthony Kennedy joined, expressing some concern about whether patentees would have sufficient notice that they must explain the reasons for their amendments. Nevertheless, they agreed with the remand to the lower court to establish the plaintiff's reason for setting a lower limit.


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John Sergeant (politician)

John Sergeant (December 5, 1779 – November 23, 1852) was an American politician who represented Pennsylvania in the United States House of Representatives. He was the National Republican Party's vice presidential nominee in the 1832 presidential election, serving on a ticket with Senator Henry Clay.

After graduating from Princeton University, Sergeant served in the Philadelphia government and won election to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. As a member of the Federalist Party, he won election to the United States House of Representatives, serving from 1815 to 1823. In Congress, he supported Clay's American System and opposed the extension of slavery, voting against the Missouri Compromise.

After serving as president of the Pennsylvania Board of Canal Commissioners, Sergeant returned to Congress in 1827. He lost his 1829 re-election campaign and became a legal counsel for the Second Bank of the United States. In the 1832 presidential election, the ticket of Clay and Sergeant was soundly defeated by the Democratic ticket of Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren. After the election, Sergeant joined the Whig Party and again returned to Congress, serving from 1837 to 1841. He was also the president of the Pennsylvania constitutional convention in 1838. He retired from public office in 1841 and resumed his law practice.

Early life and education
Sergeant was born in Philadelphia on December 5, 1779. He was a son of Margaret (née Spencer) Sergeant and Jonathan Dickinson Sergeant, a lawyer who represented New Jersey in the Second Continental Congress and served as the Pennsylvania Attorney General. His brother Thomas Sergeant, served as Pennsylvania Secretary of State, Attorney General and on the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.

Sergeant was educated in the common schools and at the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia. He graduated from Princeton College in 1795. He became a lawyer and, after being admitted to the bar in 1799, practiced law for fifty years, including "as extensive a practice as any one before the Supreme Court".

Career
In 1800, Sergeant became deputy attorney general for Philadelphia and then commissioner of bankruptcy for Pennsylvania the following year. He was a member of the Pennsylvania State House of Representatives from 1808 to 1810. He was elected as a Federalist to the United States House of Representatives to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Jonathan Williams. He was re-elected three times, serving from October 10, 1815, to March 3, 1823, and managed to reach the position of chairman of the United States House Committee on the Judiciary. Sergeant was a strong backer of Henry Clay's American System and the Second Bank of the United States in Congress, and even traveled to Europe to negotiate loans to the bank. He was also a strong opponent of slavery who voted against the Missouri Compromise. He then retired, albeit temporarily, from Congress.

In 1813, Sergeant was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society.

In 1825, he was president of the Pennsylvania Board of Canal Commissioners. The following year, he was an envoy to the Panama Congress of 1826 but arrived after the Congress had concluded its discussions. He returned to the U.S. House of Representatives for the term starting March 4, 1827.

He failed re-election to the following term and left Congress for the second time on March 3, 1829. He then became legal counsel to the Bank of the United States.

Vice presidential candidate
Sergeant was Henry Clay's running mate on the National Republican ticket during the 1832 presidential election but lost to Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren in a landslide and again retreated from public life.

After his vice presidential candidacy, he returned as president of the Pennsylvania constitutional convention in 1838, and then was elected as a Whig to the U.S. House of Representatives. He served this last time from March 4, 1837, until he resigned on September 15, 1841, and again was chair of the Committee on the Judiciary for the 1837 – 1839 term. He returned to his law practice, declining offers of a cabinet or diplomatic position from the new Whig administration.

In 1844 he was considered for the Whig vice presidential nomination, to once again run with Clay, but the convention eventually selected Theodore Frelinghuysen. That same year, President Tyler offered to appoint Sergeant to a seat on the Supreme Court of the United States, which Sergeant declined, citing his age.

Personal life
On June 23, 1813, he married Margaretta Watmough, daughter of James Horatio Watmough and Anna (née Carmick) Watmough. With Margaretta he fathered ten children, all but one surviving infancy. Among his children were:

 * Margaretta Sergeant (1814–1886), who married Major General George Meade, Commander of the Union Army of the Potomac from the Battle of Gettysburg until the end of the Civil War.
 * Sarah Sergeant (1817–1850), who married Henry A. Wise, the 33rd Governor of Virginia.
 * Katherine Sergeant (1825–1910), who married Harry Augustus Cram (parents of John Sergeant Cram).
 * William Sergeant (1829–1865), who served in the Civil War and was mortally wounded at the Battle of White Oak Road.

Sergeant died in Philadelphia on November 23, 1852, and was interred at Laurel Hill Cemetery Section L, Lots 1–7.

Descendants
His grandsons, John Sergeant Wise, John Sergeant Cram, and Richard Alsop Wise, as well as his great-grandson, John Crain Kunkel, were also prominent in politics.

title: John Sergeant (politician)


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The Site

The Site  is an hour-long TV program devoted to the Internet revolution. It debuted in July 1996 with MSNBC's launch, and aired Monday through Saturday, reaching 35 million homes. Soledad O'Brien hosted The Site, along with her animated co-host Dev Null, voiced by Leo Laporte.

The Site covered technology in all forms, from technical aspects to news and culture. The show was sometimes billed as "the Net's evening news". Guests included musical artists, authors and columnists, who spoke about the impact of technology on their work.

History
The NBC News executive in charge of creating The Site was David Bohrman, who was also the network's Executive Producer of Special Events and Breaking News. Bohrman was sent out to San Francisco to create and launch the program. His hiring of O'Brien is described in her book, The Next Big Story: My Journey Through the Land of Possibilities. The idea of Dev Null was also Bohrman's (after experimenting with virtual set technology at NBC the year before). Leo Laporte wore a motion suit, had an IFB earpiece, so he could hear O'Brien, and his animated image was rendered in real-time by an Onyx SGI computer. The artwork for Dev was designed by Protozoa.

The Site won many awards and was named the best broadcast on internet and high technology. It also was the first television show to have an award-winning website. One reviewer hailed The Site as the best program on the fledgling MSNBC. The show gained Soledad O'Brien Internet fame and the nickname "Goddess of the Geeks." while Lloyd Grove in The Washington Post dubbed her "television's first cyberbabe."

The Site was preempted for two weeks in favour of news programs during the death of Diana, Princess of Wales during September 1997. That month, program creator Ziff Davis and MSNBC jointly announced that The Site had been canceled as it no longer fit into the network's increasing all-news format. The Site was reincarnated as The Screen Savers less than one year later, hosted by Leo Laporte beginning with the launch in May 1998 of the new cable network ZDTV (Ziff-Davis Television), until its cancellation after the takeover by Comcast.

The Site was a forerunner to the 24-hour technology channel ZDTV, later renamed TechTV, which merged to become G4. After The Site was cancelled by MSNBC, and the show's staff were rehired by the parent company, Ziff-Davis, to launch ZDTV. The new channel was devoted to digital technology, and it was substantially an extension of the themes presented by The Site. The channel gained in popularity and was rebranded to TechTV in 2001.

Key contributors and on-air regulars
Cliff Stoll, Denise Caruso, Leo Laporte, John C. Dvorak, Matthew Hawn, John Gilles, Ali Hossaini, Shauna Sampson David Bohrman and animated character Dev Null. Broadcast designers Victoria Webb, Susan Roderick and Executive Producer Nancy Juliber were integral to the on-air team, winning several BDA awards for work. Richard Stutting was Art Director for the award-winning website. Victoria Webb enlisted 3RingCircus to provide the network package for ZDTV.

A nightly five-minute segment in which O'Brien engaged in spontaneous tech talk with a virtual reality cartoon character, Dev Null, was animated in real time on Silicon Graphics computers. The character was in fact ZDTV journalist Leo Laporte, who did the voice and actions while wearing a motion capture suit. When O'Brien sat at an espresso bar to read email from viewers, Dev Null flirted with her while answering her computer questions. She recalled, "One of the reasons that segment of the show worked is that I could not see him as I was talking to him, and the segment was unscripted. He was funny, and his jokes were not gags."

Producers on The Site, many of whom got their start in television there, eventually became executives at other innovative channels, including LinkTV, Oxygen Media, G4 and LAB HD.

Regular writers and columnists
Richard Kadrey, Kevin Poulsen; Joel Deane, John Gilles, Ali Hossaini, Matthew Hawn, Kevin Kennis (Kevin the Kid Tester) and Shauna Sampson

Executive producers
Kathy Moore, Suzanne Stefanac

title: The Site


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User:Erbo

Eric J. Bowersox
 * Location: Denver, Colorado, USA
 * Occupation: Software engineer
 * Contact: obreerbo@gmail.com

More later.

title: User:Erbo


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Cobra maneuver

In aerobatics, the cobra maneuver (or just the cobra), also called dynamic deceleration, among other names (see Etymology), is a dramatic and demanding maneuver in which an airplane flying at a moderate speed abruptly raises its nose momentarily to a vertical and slightly past vertical attitude, causing an extremely high angle of attack and momentarily stalling the plane, making a full-body air brake before dropping back to normal position, during which the aircraft does not change effective altitude.

The maneuver relies on the ability of the plane to be able to quickly change angle of attack (alpha) without overloading the airframe, and sufficient engine thrust to maintain nearly constant altitude through the entire move, but also post-stall stability and aerodynamics that allows for the recovery to level flight. The maneuver demands accurate pitch control, alpha stability and engine-versus-inlet compatibility for the aircraft, as well as a high skill level on the part of the pilot.

The cobra maneuver is an example of supermaneuverability, specifically poststall maneuvering. The Herbst maneuver and the helicopter maneuver are similar post-stall maneuvers that are often executed by 4.5th Generation and 5th Generation fighter aircraft employing thrust vectoring.

The maneuver is typically performed at air shows, but could be used as a last-ditch maneuver to force a chaser to overshoot in close-range air combat. The maneuver has never been verified in real combat, although it has been used during mock dogfights and border protection.

Etymology
The maneuver has many names, but it is most commonly known as the cobra or the cobra maneuver in the respective language; for example: Ко́бра (Kobra), Kobramanöver. The etymology for the name cobra is unknown but it could refer to the plane displaying its top and bottom profile, much like a cobra spreading its shield, or rearing its body up vertically to attack. A notable variant of the "cobra" name is Pugachev's cobra (alternatively the Pugachev cobra), referencing the Soviet pilot Viktor Pugachev, who was the first to bring the maneuver to the public eye.

In Sweden, the country which presumably was the first to discover the maneuver, the maneuver is traditionally known under the name kort parad ("short parry"), the Swedish term for the fencing maneuver "beat parry", in which an incoming attack is deflected using a beat (a sharp strike to the opponents blade, knocking it out of line), leaving the enemy open for a riposte.

As a more scientific name, the maneuver has been given the name dynamic deceleration, referring to the way the plane loses speed during the maneuver. In a similar manner, the Syrians apparently called the maneuver the Zero speed maneuver (مناورة السرعة صفر, "Munawarat alsureat sifr") during their usage of MiG-21F-13s and the like.

Maneuver description
The maneuver can simply be described as; a rapid vertical pitchup from level flight without initiating a climb, followed by a forward-pitch back to level flight. If properly performed, the plane maintains nearly straight flight throughout the maneuver. The plane does not roll or yaw in either direction. This greatly lowers the speed of the aircraft due to the un-aerodynamic under-surface of the aircraft going against the airflow.

To perform the cobra, the maneuver must be entered from fairly high subsonic speeds. Proper entry speed is necessary because, if the maneuver is entered too slowly, the plane might be unable to complete the maneuver or return to level flight with sufficient speed, while entering at too high a speed would create g-forces so high that the pilot loses consciousness or the airframe is damaged. High thrust is also needed throughout the maneuver to not stall out.

To execute the maneuver the aircraft only needs to use its standard aerodynamic controls, however executing it can be achieved more easily with the addition of modern thrust vectoring.

Aerodynamics
The cobra maneuver requires more than just pilot input and aircraft maneuverability to be performed. Since the maneuver requires the aircraft to not lose or gain substantial altitude during the maneuver, the change of alpha during the vertical pitchup has to be fast enough to break the airflow of the wings, as to not make the aircraft climb. To be able to perform this rapid vertical pitchup the aircraft needs an "aerodynamic instability" in its core aerodynamics which will make the aircraft rapidly pitch up by itself once the elevator of the aircraft is pitched to the point where it breaks the airflow during a pitch up; but also post-stall control and stability to not enter an uncontrollable stall at the peak of the pitch; which then allows the aircraft to center the elevator and using the torque from the elevators added drag to pitch forward and make an aerodynamic recovery to horizontal flying again.

Only specific aircraft feature this "instability" and thus the maneuver can only be performed by a small number of aircraft models. This is because conventional aircraft are designed to lack this instability for safety reasons, and can thus not execute the maneuver by conventional means.

Simply put, the cobra relies more on the core aerodynamics of the aircraft than its control surfaces and avionics and can thus only be performed by specific aircraft featuring aerodynamics allowing for the maneuver.

Execution (Sukhoi Su-27)
In the case of the Su-27, to execute the maneuver the pilot initially disengages the angle of attack limiter of the plane, normally set at 26°. This action also disengages the g limiter. After that, the pilot pulls back hard on the stick. The aircraft reaches an angle of attack of 90–120° with a slight gain of altitude and a significant loss of speed. When the elevator is centered, the drag at the rear of the plane causes a torque that makes the aircraft pitch forward. At the same time, the pilot adds power to compensate for the reduced lift.

Use in combat
If pursued by an enemy fighter in a dogfight, by executing the cobra, a sufficiently closely pursued aircraft may suddenly slow itself down to the point that the pursuer overshoots it, allowing the previously pursued aircraft to complete the cobra behind the other. This may allow the now-pursuing aircraft an opportunity for firing its weapons, particularly if a proper pointing aspect (facing toward the former pursuer) can be maintained. Due to the speed loss when performing a cobra, maintaining weapons on target may require the use of thrust vectoring and/or canard control surfaces. Otherwise, the maneuver may also allow the pursued plane to flee as the overshooting attacker may lose track of the target.

The maneuver is also potentially a defense against radar, as the sudden change in velocity can often cause Doppler radar to lose its target lock. Doppler radars often ignore any objects with a near-zero velocity to reduce ground clutter. The cobra maneuver's sudden change to near-zero velocity often results in the target being momentarily filtered off as ground clutter, making it difficult for the radar to lock onto the target, or breaking the target lock if already established. However, there is no available documentation of this being tested beyond theory.

While the cobra maneuver may appear to be useful to force a pursuer to overshoot, the tactic would almost never be employed in any active threat scenario for a variety of reasons. The most obvious of these is the extreme loss of speed. Assuming the defending aircraft successfully forces the aggressor to overshoot the attack, the defender often does not have enough energy to counter-attack. The second more prevalent reason for avoiding the use of the maneuver is taught in most fighter pilot training. When attacking an aircraft, the pilot must be mindful of the closure-rate between both aircraft. If the closure rate is too high, the defender can change direction rapidly, which denies the attacker a shot opportunity, and thereby decreases the probability of kill. However, if the attacker manages their speed and rate of closure properly, a cobra maneuver would just present the attacker with a larger target to shoot (due to the increased presented surface area when the defender is oriented vertically)

The cobra maneuver has been used in mock dogfights but there is little to no known documentation of it being used in actual combat. One primary described mock dogfight was fought between a Saab 35 Draken and a Saab 37 Viggen in Swedish service, where the latter pursued the former, when the former suddenly performed a Cobra and got the latter to overshoot. Existing material of this mock dogfight does not cover the elements of the engagement before and after the maneuver in detail, which would be useful in assessing its usefulness in modern combat. Reflective discussions from the pilots does however say that the maneuver was a useful combat move if performed correctly, with the caveat that it was only really effective as a last ditch maneuver due to the loss of speed when performed.

Sweden
During the early 1960s, the maneuver was developed and performed by Swedish pilots flying the Saab 35 fighter jet. It was invented during training for recovery from super stalls (also known as deep stalls) to which the double delta tailless design of the Saab 35 is susceptible. A super stall is an uncontrollable stall which is much harder to recover from than a standard stall. Super stall plagued the early years of Saab 35 service, causing several deaths, which led the Swedish air staff to implement extra training on how to counteract and recover from them. The result was the cobra maneuver. The Swedes named the maneuver "kort parad" (short parry) after a fencing maneuver of the same name, known as "beat parry" in English. When pulling high alpha, the pilot would have noticed that he was entering super stall, and would then have pulled negative alpha to recover. The dramatic effect of this maneuver on aircraft speed was noticed and pilots started to purposely use it to drop speed. The Swedish test pilots who discovered the cobra were and, who developed the technique around 1961–1963.

The Swedish pilots soon considered how to use this move in combat to get a pursuing aircraft to overshoot, putting it in a perfect position for a riposte, and it was not long until it was proven viable during mock dogfights. In real combat, depending on the situation and the execution of the maneuver, it could be used to confuse the enemy by making it lose the target or to overshoot, which would allow the pursued pilot the opportunity to either flee from combat or re-engage. However, the maneuver was very difficult and dangerous to use as anything more than a last-ditch effort, as without precise execution the aircraft's slow speed after the maneuver would make it an easy target.

The maneuver originated with the Bråvalla Wing, the first one to receive the Saab 35 fighter plane. As the fighter was adopted by other wings over time, so was the maneuver. The Scania Wing apparently called the maneuver "Wacka", which has no real meaning in Swedish.

Sweden effectively shared borders with the Soviet Union over the Baltic Sea, so both sides regularly flew into the international space between the two. In the event, the Saab 35s regularly intercepted and escorted Soviet planes away from Swedish airspace. Sometimes these encounters would result in non-combat dogfights, which were either playful or threatening in nature. Apparently, the cobra maneuver was used during some of these engagements, surprising the Soviets. Late in the Saab 35's service life, the maneuver was used as a 'secret weapon' by Saab-35 pilots in mock dogfights facing the more advanced Saab 37 fighter. The Saab 37 was unable to safely enter super stalls, and therefore its pilots did not receive any major training against its use. The cobra maneuver was therefore unknown to many Saab 37 pilots prior to facing it in competition. Due to the appeal of the tactic, some Saab 37 pilots attempted it, but to their dismay were unable to effectively perform it above speeds of 350 km/h as the Saab 37 couldn't safely handle the necessary gs, rendering it effectively useless in combat.

When the Saab 35 was retired, so was the maneuver, as the next generations of Swedish warplanes, the Saab 37 and the Saab 39, couldn't effectively perform it. Due to the secrecy of the Cold War era and other factors, the Swedish cobra was largely unknown to the world until some former Saab 35 and 37 pilots wrote about it years later in books and articles,  long after the Soviets had been credited with its discovery.

Finland and Austria
As Sweden exported the Saab 35 Draken, so was the cobra maneuver. Fighter variants of the Saab 35 was exported to both the Finnish Air Force and the Austrian Air Force.

In an interview, former Finnish Air Force pilot Ari Saarinen recalled performing the maneuver in a Draken while intercepting a Royal Air Force Hawker Siddeley Nimrod over the Baltic Sea; the Nimrod pilot reduced power in order to get the Finns to overshoot, but the Finnish Drakens performed the maneuver to slow down, which according to Saarinen drew praise over the radio from the British Nimrod crew.

According to a video uploaded by the Scania Wing comrade association (Swedish: F10 Kamratförening), the Swedish cobra was taught to Austrian pilots training on the Saab 35 in Sweden. It is unknown whether the Austrians used this as a combat maneuver or just as training against super stall.

Syria
Beyond Sweden, Syria also discovered the maneuver prior to the Soviets.

In 1961 when Syria left the United Arab Republic, they were left with a very weak air force. The Syrians had to order new combat aircraft, and procured the Mig-21F-13 in June 1962. Once the aircraft had arrived and been integrated into the fleet, a problem became apparent. All of the unit commanders had been selected based on their political associations and loyalty to superiors, instead of knowledge of air combat. The new commanders were over-reliant on advice from about 30 Soviet advisors assigned to the Syrian Air Force to help with training on the Migs, but were generally ineffective. In this era of power over knowledge, however, a handful of pilots with powerful connections were able to disregard their Soviet advisors and orders from their commanders.

One of these pilots, Mohammad Mansour, then a novice MiG-21-pilot fresh from a conversion course in the USSR, had an older brother, Fayez Mansour, with deep connections high in the chain of command in Damascus. Those connections enabled him to challenge Soviet advisors and demand greater operational flexibility for himself and other pilots of his unit.

During Mohammed's first clashes with the Israeli Air Force, he realized that there was a need for an effective defensive maneuver in close combat that forced a pursuer to overshoot. His initial solution based on Soviet manuals consisted of rapid descending turns followed by a sudden activation of the afterburner and a climb. However, during a test flight in early 1967, Mohammad inadvertently pitched the nose of his MiG-21 too hard, so that the forward movement of his aircraft nearly stopped. In reaction, he engaged the afterburner of his MiG, and ended with the plane standing vertically on the verge of stalling out of control. Mohammad managed to recover the plane from that state, just in time to prevent a crash. Intrigued, he decided to try to replicate the maneuver in a controlled manner, this time by engaging the afterburner beforehand, as the Tumansky R-11 engine of the MiG-21 had to spool for full effect. After successful replication of the maneuver, it became clear that this was the close combat defensive maneuver that he sought.

The Syrians named the cobra the "zero-speed maneuver" (مناورة السرعة صفر "munawarat alsureat sifr"). Mohammad soon saw combat again with the Israeli Air Force but never got to use the maneuver. The cobra quickly became a standard part of defensive tactics for Syrian Mig-21s.

Pakistan and Egypt
With time, as their air forces were stationed in Syria, the maneuver spread to both the Pakistan and Egyptian air force, who also began using it as a standard defensive maneuver for their MiG-21s.

The cobra maneuver may have been performed in combat by an Egyptian pilot during the Yom Kippur War, but the theory is based on a quote from an Israeli pilot that only mentions an Egyptian MiG-21 apparently standing on its tail while trying to evade an attack.

Soviet Union
Research and developments on supermaneuverability started in USSR in the early 1980s by Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute, Gromov Flight Research Institute, Sukhoi and Mikoyan. In flight testing the Su-27 test pilot Igor Volk was the first to perform the maneuver in that aircraft in practice. Viktor Pugachev was the first to publicly demonstrate the maneuver in the Su-27 aerobatics display at the Le Bourget airshow of 1989. The tactic was previously unknown to the public and it was quickly named after Pugachev.

Derivatives of the cobra
There are several derivatives of the cobra which all initiate similarly, but end differently.

In the cobra climb, the aircraft initiates the cobra, but instead of remaining in altitude and continuing forward, it starts to stall climb (climbing vertically). The maneuver is similar to a regular stall climb except that the change from level flight to stall climb happens much faster. However, unlike a regular climb, this still achieves the effect of the cobra and the aircraft will still stall momentarily which lowers speed and momentum. The maneuver ends with the climb and the aircraft can return to common flight in various ways.
 * Cobra climb

In the cobra stall, the aircraft initiates the cobra, but instead of returning to level flight, the aircraft instead fully stalls out after which it applies thrust and rudder to change the direction of the aircraft.
 * Cobra stall

In the cobra roll, the aircraft initiates the cobra but instead of returning to level flight, the aircraft uses its ailerons and rudder to initiate a barrel roll at the peak of the initial nose climb which ends the maneuver with a barrel roll.
 * Cobra barrel roll

The cobra hover is an extension of the original maneuver in which an aircraft initiates the cobra but remains in the "cobra state" for a longer period of time by the use of thrust control, thus achieving the "hover" part of the maneuver. After which the aircraft can complete the maneuver in various ways depending on its energy.
 * Cobra hover

The cobra turn is an air combat maneuver. It is a variation on the cobra maneuver where the aircraft performs the pull-up, but instead of returning to level flight applies rudder or thrust vectoring and turns downward. The aircraft achieves a negative angle of attack, ending the maneuver in a dive, therefore regaining airspeed sooner than the common cobra. John Turner of BAE considers the cobra maneuver to have little use in air combat maneuvering. It could also be argued that the combat effect is likely to be similar to the “Vectoring In Forward Flight" or VIFFing maneuver. In theory, VIFFing allows the aircraft to effectively slow down or stop while the enemy overshoots, leaving the aircraft in a favorable position to attack the enemy.
 * Cobra turn

Unlike VIFFing, however, the fully developed cobra maneuver leaves the aircraft in a precarious and non-offensive attitude, with no energy, with weapons pointing toward empty sky and with the pilot having lost sight of the enemy. If the pilot exits the cobra by using rudder, this is a very slow version of the hammerhead. At the same time, the aircraft is defenseless, unable to maneuver, nearly stationary, offers the largest lateral visual and radar target and is creating a massive plume of hot exhaust, making it an easy target for any type of weapon and attack which an enemy might choose.

The transition from cobra maneuver to effective and controlled flight takes several seconds, and airspeed sufficient for defensive maneuvering is not recovered for more than ten seconds. While entering the cobra is effective as a "speed brake" maneuver, usefulness in combat is limited at best, and then only if exited while sufficient energy remains to bring the weapons to bear before the opponent can break into an evasive maneuver—or, worse, loop back and attack. One simple defense-into-attack maneuver is for the opponent to split-S, pass under the cobra aircraft, then half-loop again to bring the cobra aircraft into the cone of fire. The primary danger for the opponent becomes the possibility of a mid-air collision with the slowly moving target.

The cobra turn first gained widespread attention after it was performed by the Sukhoi Su-27, Su-35 and Su-37 at various European airshows.

Video clips

 * F10 Kamratförening – Tisoe, Johan Röds Sista
 * Aviation Technology Space Channel – SU 27 - Cobra
 * NTPS national test pilots school — Saab Draken SK-35 Erect SuperStall (tail cam)
 * NTPS national test pilots school — Inverted Super Stall
 * NTPS national test pilots school — Erect Superstall, Abrupt Entry

title: Cobra maneuver


text:
Dietl

Dietl is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Bo Dietl (born 1950), American police detective, media personality and 2017 NYC mayoral candidate
 * Eduard Dietl (1890–1944), German general
 * Helmut Dietl (1944–2015), German film director and writer
 * Jaroslav Dietl (1929–1985), Czechoslovak scenarist of series
 * Józef Dietl (1804–1878), mayor of Kraków

title: Dietl


text: User talk:64.113.91.172

title: User talk:64.113.91.172


text:
Magnetosome

Magnetosomes are membranous structures present in magnetotactic bacteria (MTB). They contain iron-rich magnetic particles that are enclosed within a lipid bilayer membrane. Each magnetosome can often contain 15 to 20 magnetite crystals that form a chain which acts like a compass needle to orient magnetotactic bacteria in geomagnetic fields, thereby simplifying their search for their preferred microaerophilic environments. Recent research has shown that magnetosomes are invaginations of the inner membrane and not freestanding vesicles. Magnetite-bearing magnetosomes have also been found in eukaryotic magnetotactic algae, with each cell containing several thousand crystals.

Overall, magnetosome crystals have high chemical purity, narrow size ranges, species-specific crystal morphologies and exhibit specific arrangements within the cell. These features indicate that the formation of magnetosomes is under precise biological control and is mediated biomineralization.

Magnetotactic bacteria usually mineralize either iron oxide magnetosomes, which contain crystals of magnetite (Fe3O4), or iron sulfide magnetosomes, which contain crystals of greigite (Fe3S4). Several other iron sulfide minerals have also been identified in iron sulfide magnetosomes—including mackinawite (tetragonal FeS) and a cubic FeS—which are thought to be precursors of Fe3S4. One type of magnetotactic bacterium present at the oxic-anoxic transition zone (OATZ) of the southern basin of the Pettaquamscutt River Estuary, Narragansett, Rhode Island, United States is known to produce both iron oxide and iron sulfide magnetosomes.

Purpose
Magnetotactic bacteria are widespread, motile, diverse prokaryotes that biomineralize a unique organelle called the magnetosome. A magnetosome consists of a nano-sized crystal of a magnetic iron mineral, which is enveloped by a lipid bilayer membrane. In the cells of most all magnetotactic bacteria, magnetosomes are organized as well-ordered chains. The magnetosome chain causes the cell to behave as a motile, miniature compass needle where the cell aligns and swims parallel to magnetic field lines.

The magnetic dipole moment of the cell is often large enough that its interaction with Earth’s magnetic field overcomes the thermal forces that tend to randomize the orientation of the cell in its aqueous surroundings. Magnetotactic bacteria use aerotaxis as well. Aerotaxis is a response to changes in oxygen concentration that will favor swimming towards a zone of optimal oxygen concentration. Lakes' or oceans' oxygen concentration is commonly dependent on depth. If the Earth’s magnetic field has a significant downward slant, the orientation along field lines aids in the search for the optimal concentration; this process is called magneto-aerotaxis.

Mammalian magnetosome-like cells
Research has indicated the presence of magnetosome cells within human brain tissues. Biosynthesis of magnetite particles in vertebrates like mammals is implied to be similar to that observed in bacterial cells, although no evidence is provided. The difference between bacterial magnetosomes and human magnetosomes appears to be the number of magnetite particles synthesized per cell, the clustering of those particles within each respective organism, and the purpose of each magnetosome. A species of magnetosomic bacterial cell may have 20 magnetic particles arranged linearly in an organelle for each member of the species. A human may have between 1000 and 10000 magnetic particles arranged in a cluster within an organelle with only one cell in 5000 having said organelle. Finally, the human magnetosomic organelle has an unknown function that does not involve detecting the earth's magnetic field.

Formation
Magnetotactic bacteria use a process known as biomineralization to exert an incredible degree of control on the formation of the mineral crystals within the magnetosomes. The process of biomineralization allows the MTB to control the shape and size along with the alignment of each individual magnetite crystal. These specific magnetite crystals are all identical within a species but between species they can vary in size, structure, formation, amount, but not purpose. They are always used to follow geomagnetic pulls to more agreeable climates for the bacteria.

These magnetite crystals are contained within an organelle envelope. This envelope is referred to as a magnetosome. Within the organelle there can either ferrimagnetic crystals of magnetite (Fe3O4) or the iron sulfide greigite (Fe3S4). Recently there have been a few other magnetic compounds found but these are far less common and do not change the purpose of the organelle.

Around twenty proteins have been found in magnetotactic bacteria that are specifically used for the creation of magnetosomes. These proteins are responsible for the control of vesicle formation, magnetosome ion transport, and the crystallization of the magnetites and their arrangement with in the particular vesicle. The arrangement of the magnetites is critical because individually they are not very strong, but when linked in an ordered chain they increase significantly in strength. There is another set of acidic proteins in the magnetosome that are used to create a link between the vesicle and the cytoskeletal structure in the cell to help the magnetosome hold shape.

Magnetites

Magnetite crystals are encased in the magnetosome giving the MTB its magnetic properties. These crystals can either be made of iron oxide or sulfide. The MTB may either have iron oxide or sulfide but not both. Certain subgroups of the Pseudomonadota in the domain of Bacteria have been found through analyses of the MTB’s RNA to only use iron oxide which is the more common material. Another smaller subdivision of the Pseudomonadota that are part of a sulfide reducing bacteria use iron sulfide. Scientists say this suggests independent evolution of the same trait. The magnetite crystals have been observed in three different morphologies, cuboid, rectangular, and arrowhead shaped.

Size of magnetite crystals
Magnetotactic crystals range anywhere in size from 30 nanometers to 120 nanometers. This size allows them to be magnetically stable and to help optimize the MTB ability toward magnetotaxis. The single domain crystals have the maximum possible magnetic moment per unit volume for a given composition. A smaller size would not be as efficient to contribute to the cellular magnetic moment, the smaller size crystals are superparamagnetic, therefore they are not continuously magnetic. Crystals exceeding 120 nanometers can form magnetic domains in opposition to the desired direction. While a single magnetosome chain could appear to be ideal for magneto-aerotaxis, a number of magnetotactic bacteria have magnetosomes or magnetosome arrangements that depart from the ideal. A reported example includes large magnetosomes (up to 200 nanometers) found in coccoid cells in Brazil. These cells contain enough magnetosomes that the calculated magnetic dipole moment of the cell is about 250 times larger than that of a typical Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum. Some bacteria have magnetosomes that are not arranged in chains, but the magnetosomes are clustered on one side of the cell. In this arrangement, the shape anisotropy of each crystal provides the stability against remagnetization, rather than the overall shape anisotropy in the magnetosome chain arrangement. These non-ideal arrangements may lead to additional, currently unknown functions of magnetosomes; possibly related to metabolism.

Collapse

When the magnetotactic crystals are in an unstable arrangement the whole magnetosome will collapse without additional support. The collapse can occur during diagenesis and dolomitization. The magnetosome shape and elastic properties of biological membranes are what is holding the chains together, as well as the linearity and the connection to the cytoskeleton. With how much the geometries effect the stabilization of the chains of magnetosomes shows that they are intrinsically unstable. The cell wall and associated membrane structures have been thought to act to prevent magnetosome chain collapse. There has been data collected that indicates that magnetosome linearity persists long after cells are disrupted. Consistent with prior observations, in some magnetococcus, the magnetosome chains pass through the cell interior, precluding continuous contact with the cell wall and imply additional support structures exist in some species.

title: Magnetosome


text:
Robert Altenkirch

Robert A. Altenkirch was the President of University of Alabama in Huntsville and the New Jersey Institute of Technology.

Life
Altenkirch holds a B.S. from Purdue University, a M.S. from the University of California, Berkeley, and a Ph.D. from Purdue University, all in Mechanical Engineering. He is the author of over 50 publications and nearly 100 presentations in combustion and heat transfer and served as principal investigator for ten Space Shuttle experiments investigating the spread of fire in reduced gravity. He is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. While an undergraduate at Purdue, Altenkirch became a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity.

From 1988 to 1995, Altenkirch was professor of mechanical engineering and dean of the College of Engineering at Mississippi State University (MSU). While dean of engineering at MSU, he led the effort to secure National Science Foundation (NSF) funding for the establishment of the MSU Engineering Research Center for Computational Field Simulation in 1990. He also served as professor and chair of mechanical engineering at the University of Kentucky. He served as professor of mechanical and materials engineering and dean of the College of Engineering and Architecture at Washington State University.

He was vice president for research at Mississippi State University. During his tenure as vice president, science and engineering expenditures, as reported to NSF, increased by 75 percent from 1997 to 2001. In addition to the research program, his responsibilities encompassed congressional relations, intellectual property management and economic development.

From 2003 until 2011, Altenkirch was the seventh president of the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT).

On September 21, 2011, Dr. Altenkirch was named the new president of the University of Alabama in Huntsville. He retired from the position in June 2019.

title: Robert Altenkirch


text: User talk:69.148.137.162

title: User talk:69.148.137.162


text:
User:Freshe

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title: User:Freshe


text:
User talk:Freshe

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title: User talk:Freshe


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/OurColony

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Tony Sidaway|Talk 13:51, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

OurColony.net
Not encyclopedic style. Also nothing more than an advertisement for this particular gaming service. In its initial form, it was nonsense. I tagged it as speedy several times and there are a phalanx of anon editors who kept removing it too fast for an admin to see it. Then they expanded it to more than nonsense, but it still shouldn't be kept. So I put it up for VFD. Katefan0 04:07, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

Remove personal attacks
 * Hmmm..... tempting, but no. Above by 172.140.124.211 who has been editing the article and also contributed? below. Katefan0 22:17, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

This is the latest microsoft viral marketing scheme... much like the ilovebees.com and the spam remarks all call true. 211.26.126.91

This would be a great place to organize our thoughts, as we are having difficulty on the actual site's forums. It worked surprisingly well for ilovebees.com and I don't see it as spam or advertising. It is simply a game, which we can explain and dissect here. -Stiver 129.100.200.44 04:28, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, Wikipedia is not a discussion forum. You can use your user pages, though, to communicate and post whatever you like. DDerby 05:40, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Um, I don't think we want to encourage people to use their user pages as dicussion forums for purposes unrelated to the development of Wikipedia. We're here to build an encyclopedia, if I recall correctly. Wile E. Heresiarch 05:52, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete unless completely rewritten and notability established. Right now the articles seems to be a cut and paste job from the website with some other confusing info stuck at the bottom.  --Fuzzball! (talk) 05:14, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * delete no longer worth of speedy, but it is a blatant advertisement. DDerby 05:35, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Whatever this is, it's not an encyclopedic article. -- Curps 05:38, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wile E. Heresiarch 05:52, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Save It! We're not discussing, we're explaining. Every time there is a fact, it is added.  I agree it needs to be cleaned up a little, but it is informative, not an ad.  "A comprehensive reference work containing articles on a wide range of subjects or on numerous aspects of a particular field, usually arranged alphabetically"  We are making a reference.  This page is very similar to the Google wiki page.  Simply an explaination.  Google is a website, owned by a huge company, however instead of being a game it is a search engine.  You coud argue that you are advertising for Google, but you aren't.  You are explaining.  What happens when someone wants to know what this game is all about, where will they turn for a reference???  Wiki.  -Stiver 129.100.200.44 06:21, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. I'm working on making this more informative, although this is my first wiki entry. Give it time to grow and be more informative. Jonamerica 06:30, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It does not read like an encyclopedia article. At all.  That's the main problem.  A secondary problem may be that the topic is not notable enough, but it's almost impossible to tell, given the current state of the article. -- Curps 06:46, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Nothing a little clean-up can't fix. -Stiver 129.100.200.44 06:55, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The article has been severly cleaned up and improved 211.26.126.91
 * """Keep"""

 * Gve them a little while to clean up this wiki. It has just been up a little while.  They need time to get things in order.
 * Remark by User:172.130.148.143
 * Agreed
 * Remark by User:129.100.200.44
 * Delete. The article seems almost nonsensical enough for a speedy, but not quite.  The state that this VfD has been left in alone is enough to make me want to see the article go, and I can't even figure out what's going on here.  Sock puppets?  Overzealous article authors who don't know how to sign their vote?  Either way, it needs to go. Arkyan 10:06, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Kill the socks! Delete as nonsense. Radiant_* 10:18, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Gaaah, delete. Go start a blog. FreplySpang (talk) 13:08, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, there's an article on the Haunted Apiary, so why not keep this ARG as well? Needs a lot of clean up though.--Matteh (talk) 14:33, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * delete there is another article, ourcolony that is better organized. Let's delete this one and we can continue to grow the better. jonamerica 09:37 10 Apr 2005 (CDT)
 * Recreating the same article under a different name -- good heavens, aren't we clever. Wile E. Heresiarch 00:32, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It was not recreated to avoide deletion Jonamerica 11, April 2005 04:27 (UTC)
 * Delete and replace with a Redirect to Ourcolony. Dave the Red (talk) 18:08, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Please reconsider. The Ourcolony article has been created for the purpose of evading deletion of OurColony.net. Wile E. Heresiarch 00:32, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I have redirected Ourcolony to OurColony.net, as an attempt to evade the VfD. Delete both, not notable.  RickK 03:09, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, since the redirect option is no longer viable, just delete it as not-notable. As a side note, I think Haunted Apiary could be deleted on the same grounds. Dave the Red (talk) 03:29, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Evidence to consider If I'm reading the histories of the two pages correctly, Ourcolony and OurColony.net, The Ourcolony page was created Apr 8th by User:Uvulabob27, while this deletion request was started Apr 10th, the same date as OurColony.net anonymously was started. How could Ourcolony have been created to "evade deletion of OurColony.net" two days before the deletion request began? I have worked on both, they could easily be merged. Personally I think Ourcolony is better organized. User:Jonamerica
 * p.s. I'm new to wikipedia, OurColony.net's history does not have the same "(started article)" as Ourcolony, so I may be wrong on the start date, or this might be because the page was started anonymously, I'm not sure.
 * Comment I strongly object to the redirect of Ourcolony to OurColony.net. Jonamerica's notes above are correct. I can see why one would like to have both articles deleted, but making such decisions based on false claims sets a very bad example, last but not least for the affected newbie. Rl 09:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I have looked back through the history and while it is true that the Ourcolony article was started prior to OurColony.net, it was but a stub until Jonamerica began adding to it -- which was AFTER this VfD vote began to look bad for OurColony.net. If he wants to improve the article, that's fine and even encouraged by Wikipedia policies, but improving an article on the same subject that's not being considered for VfD is just a way of circumventing the process.  Improve the one under consideration now, not the one you know isn't under the gun. It's a bad faith move, in my personal opinion, though perhaps some leeway can be given for inexperience. · Katefan0(scribble) 12:55, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Fair enough. It just hit my soft spot because it's such a pleasant surprise if the principal author of a VfD article tries to improve his work rather than acting his rage out through vandalism. Rl 13:49, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * In all honesty the only reason I moved from working on OurColony.net to Ourcolony was because it was a cleaner slate with which to work. I voted early on to keep this article and only once I found the second did I reverse my decision on that voted and post the information here. It may have been a mistake to work on Ourcolony while OurColony.net was under review, or it may have been a mistake to report the existance of Ourcolony here; I thought I was doing the right thing by reporting it, as there is no need for two articles. At the time OurColony.net was poorly formatted, and a cut and paste job from the ourcolony.net website, while Ourcolony had a good start, thanks to Uvulabob27, who created the article. All I'm asking is that the two articles be judged seperately. I'd be happier with the redirect removed and Ourcolony under it's own VfD. Jonamerica 13:54, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete CDC   (talk)  16:34, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I started the OurColony.net entry without knowledge of the other one. I created beause I knew and visited the Haunted Apiary entry and saw how much publicity it got.  I know I'm not very good at wiki, seeing as it was my first entry ever, but I believe that with sufficient clean-up, and given time to gather more facts, this entry will be worth it.  This is an event in history, I mean how many people know what the first Emperor of China's name was, now how many people know what an Xbox is?  I suggest keeping one of the articles and/or merging them.  Not deletion. -Stiver 129.100.200.44 22:51, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * All user's edits are to this article and VfD.
 * Keep, there's already a group a people willing to make the article conform to Wiki standards. Lets atleast give them a chance. --Kross 01:43, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Despite what people think I believe that this page has (in only a few hours) become much better and is not spam but rather an encyclopedic resource.--213.75.12.26 10:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * User has a dozen edits only.
 * Keep, Very interesting Xbox 360 marketing, as I Love Bees. --Mateusc 01:46, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep it.. If wikipedia has a IloveBees entry, why not a ourcolony.net entry aswell? Good place to keep track of what's going on.
 * Above edit by User:200.208.143.201 who has two edits — one to this VfD vote and one to OurColony.net. As to the specifics of your argument, Wikipedia is not a discussion forum; respectfully, Wikipedia is not here to help people "keep track of what's going on."  And for the record, I think I Love Bees should probably be put up for VfD as well. · Katefan0(scribble) 13:50, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * We need to keep this wiki. It's a great way to log the progress and happenings of the game.  Anyone looking to start playing can easily catch up on the breakthroughs made and puzzles solved.  Huge viral campaigns like that of ILB and OurColony make an impact on society and culture and are important to be recorded and remembered.
 * Above by User:65.120.80.8. Again, Wikipedia is not a discussion forum.  Instead, why not start a blog? · Katefan0(scribble) 14:25, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * If this is not a forum, why you alltime try justify? Katefan0, seems that you repented to have indicated, knows it made for pure vanity and arrogance... --Mateusc 17:27, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't understand what point you're trying to make, so I don't really have a response. · Katefan0(scribble) 18:54, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Get a job and stop to nominate stupid VfD's. --Mateusc 23:47, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, notable enough for me. ARGs aren't exactly common. Xezbeth  14:43, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and clean it up, or if all else fails Merge with Xbox 2 or whatever it is. Yes. I started Ilovebees. I also abandoned it once it had a regular group of people editing it, since I lost interest rather quickly. This is not ilovebees, this is something else that frankly I haven't even heard of until I received an email about it. Additionally, using it to log what happens next isn't really against the Wikipedia charter, but wouldn't ARGN setup a MediaWiki for each ARG? Maybe content should be cut and moved there. Now if you don't mind, I am going to look into this. Ghost Freeman 15:25, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd really like to know why ARGN or the community hasn't even made the slightest attempt to setup a MediaWiki or another forum to coordinate efforts on this ARG. It seems commonplace, considering there was one for Ilovebees. Ghost Freeman 16:05, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * ARGN does have a forum, they also have an IRC channel for ourcolony running on irc.chat-solutions.org. -Jonamerica 17:42, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Notability ARGs are growing, Haunted_Apiary was just nominated for a webby award in the Games-Related catagory. -Jonamerica 17:42, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - WikiNazi go home
 * Above edit by User:216.175.65.227, whose first and (currently) only edit is to this VfD. May I also remind everyone about Wikipedia's policy against personal attacks?  I am entitled to my opinions, just like everyone else. · Katefan0(scribble) 18:59, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Look, if ilovebees stays...ourcolony stays. To keep one without the other would seem very unfair.  This won't hurt you a bit to let us keep it.  Katefan, if you are so against it...there are PLENTY of other wikis you could read.  Let us have our space and go back to doing whatever you were doing before this witchhunt.  1st off from your summary as to why it needs to be deleted you were misinformed (a.k.a. made wrongful assumptions).  As a result of those wrongful assumptions you attempted to delete something on false pretenses.  This ARG deserves to be in wikipedia.  It is informational and historic amongst others uses.  Realize that you were mistaken about it's purpose and leave us be.  Otherwise ilovebees shouldn't be allowed to exist either.  This is not meant as a personal attack anymore than your attempt to delete our communitie's wiki is a personal attack.  Find another witch to hunt..leave us alone.  Do you have ANY idea how many people are a part of this?  One person...YOU....is starting the effort to stop it?  Leave us be.  Give this a chance.  We can edit it.  You have no idea the talent that the 1000's and 10's of 1000's of us can bring to this place.   Let us exercise our right to us this wikipedia.  It's NOT GOING TO HURT YOU.  Just leave us alone.  Give this a chance!  tcpvtec
 * Edited by tcpvtec...A 1st time editor but long term wikipedia user. Not much of a contributor to the wikipedia (yet).  Don't use that against me.  I haven't found anything yet that I wanted to contribute to...except this.  Make sense? This one wiki could bring 1000's to wikipedia. I fell in love with wikipedia the 1st time I found it.  Let others find it. Leave us be!  tcpvtec
 * Just for the record -- all these new folks attacking me and leaving personal screeds against me in various places seem to think that somehow I am pulling the strings on this VfD vote, like if only they could either persuade or bully me to pull it down all would be well. I have no control over the vote once it's started, just for the record.  I can't stop it and I can't delete it, even if I were inclined to do so (which I am not).  I'm just a user like anyone else and the VfD will run its course no matter what. · Katefan0(scribble) 03:02, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * OK. Ourcolony.net seems to be a pioneer in ARGs, and there seem to be a lot of people who feel passionately about keeping this. Whearas I'm only mildly inclinded to delete it. So I change my vote to Abstain. Dave the Red (talk) 01:13, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)

Keep. Hello, this is of course something historic, just as much as having information about government war bonds from the 40's has relevance. It's kind of ridiculous to go around deleting things because you don't like it.

 * Keep The article is looking fairly encyclopedic; significant ARGs represent very enthusiastic communities, and are more significant (imo) than non-collaborative games with similarly-sized audiences.  +sj  +, who still has vivid recollections of The Beast
 * PS - according to the terminology in the article itself, it should be moved to OurColony, not OurColony.net. I've moved the article back there (VfD and all); clearly there should be only one article.  +sj  +  07:31, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment Can I remove the VfD? I will remove in 2 days, anyone disagree? --Mateusc 16:39, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * No, you can't. An admin will decide when the vote should be closed and what should be done with the article. · Katefan0(scribble) 19:46, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep As others have pointed out, it would seem incongruous to allow ilovebees.com to remain but to delete this. Also, I daresay that consensus has more-or-less been achieved and admins should consider closing the vote. VoiceOfReason

 * Keep I also think that this article should be kept. Atrophied
 * Above user has two edits, one to OurColony and one to this VfD. · Katefan0(scribble) 20:49, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Seniority does not change the validity of one's vote. If a user with 2000 edits can vote without explaining the reasoning behind it, a user with 2 edits should be permitted to as well. If you suspect sockpuppetry, say so, that would alter the validity of the vote. Sockatume 17:36, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Anon votes or votes by people with very low edit counts are still votes, but they can be discounted at an admin's discretion when the vote is closed, as per Wikipedia's policies. It is common practice, therefore, to point these things out when they occur, and has nothing to do with suggesting sockpuppetry.  It's nothing to get offended about. · Katefan0(scribble) 03:11, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Didn't mean to come across as offended there, I'm not, just thinking around the interesting situation we have on the Wikipedia with regards to newcomers voting and the lack of a requirement to justify votes. Sockatume 18:49, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I believe it should stay. JyThanatos
 * Above user's only edit is to this VfD. · Katefan0(scribble) 13:15, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Katefan, can you explain why this page deserves deletion and ilovebees.com does not? Or do you think ilovebees.com should be deleted too? (Note that I have a handful of diverse edits.) VoiceOfReason
 * See my comments above. · Katefan0(scribble) 15:13, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Apologies, I missed your earlier comment regarding ilovebees.
 * I think there should definitely be a bias against deletion of articles. As long as it's not nonsensical, what is the harm in keeping? It has, as others have said, drawn new readers (and contributors) to Wikipedia, and it's information. It may not be of terribly wide interest, but I'm sure the reign of Henry_the_Lion isn't of terribly wide interest either. Five years from now, somebody will say to himself, "Hey, remember that OurColony thing? I wonder how it turned out." Is there any reason why he shouldn't be able to come here and find out?
 * Regarding your earlier objection, it should be clear by now that this article is in no way a "discussion forum", but an encyclopedic description of the game and a list of challenges. VoiceOfReason
 * I agree that it's vastly improved over what it was before, and I did consider whether I should change my vote... but ultimately, the article is about what amounts to a gigantic advertisement for Xbox and its parent company. I'm against Wikipedia articles that function as corporate press releases, and it doesn't change my opinion that this one is presented in the form of a game or challenge.  I do appreciate your enthusiasm though and can see how someone could get drawn in. · Katefan0(scribble) 21:04, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * As Jonamerica points out, Wikipedia has pages on The Noid and "Where's the beef?". Much pop culture originates as marketing campaigns. The article itself isn't an advertisement; it's an article about an advertisement. Providing factual information about the advertisement should be kosher. (In the nature of full disclosure, I should add that the aforementioned parent company happens to be my employer. I am not, however, in any way affiliated with Ourcolony. I don't even play it.) VoiceOfReason
 * Delete. Marketing campaigns, almost by definition, will be forgotten in a few years.  Nothing of lasting interest. Isomorphic 02:35, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Apple's 1984 Commercial. New Coke. "Pepsi Challenge" of the 1980s. Coke's 1971 "Hilltop" ad. Toyota's "Oh What a Feeling." The Noid. Where's the beef?. I remember plenty of useless junk, but for those that don't there's wikipedia. But seriously, this ad hasn't run it's course yet, and who knows how big it'll become once it nears the end. It may be forgotten or it may be talked about in university marketing classes for years. Right now we have the opportunity to document it fully, as it progresses, before it becomes a faded memory. -Jonamerica 04:20, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Wikipedia no doubt already has, or soon will have, an article on Alternate Reality Games. They're an increasingly commonplace marketing tool. It'd be useful to have a couple of articles on them around as examples of the form. Sockatume 17:36, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Do you not see the ammount of people this is bringing here? I am now currently looking through and planing to contribute to this site now that I have found it. JyThanatos
 * Keep- As a centralized place for information, even if it is a marketing campaign, it is a website that people would like information about. I for one used wikipedia to glean information on the ilovebees.com campaign.  This was mentioned on CNN, and NPR.
 * Above by 139.76.128.71 · Katefan0(scribble) 18:36, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep- The Ourcolony game/event/marketing campaign is a notable subject with not only immediate relevance, but probably historical interest as well. It is unsurprising that the people contributing to the article are fans and participators. I have no doubt that the people contributing to the Harry Potter article, for example, are also fans and participators in Harry Potter activities. On top of that, the article's existence is a positive influence on the Wikipedia community -- drawing new members who would otherwise be unaware of the encyclopedia. Personally, I feel the mere fact that the article is up for VfD sends the wrong message to all these new eyeballs: It suggests that this is an insular and snobbish place, rather than the open and communal environment I believe it to be.--07:52, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)~ Justin Bacon

tcpvtec I already voted to Keep. So when does this end?

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Inline templates linking country articles

A large number of pages contain lists of nations that include (or could benefit from) a triple reference for each country:
 * a visual reference, i.e. a thumb of the country's flag.
 * a lexical reference, i.e. the country's name
 * a hyperlink reference to the article of the country in question.

A series of templates was created to ease the inclusion of these triple references. The obvious choice for the names of such templates have been the country codes by which each nation is commonly identified with.

However there exist two problems:
 * a number of such country codes exist, including the ISO 3166-1 codes, the IOC country codes, and the FIFA country codes. They are not always compatible and consistent with each other, and are often counterintuitive.
 * Some countries are also often commonly referred to by more than one name.

The following list strives for both inclusivity and clarity. Please try not to use or create template names like SLO or MAL which may mislead people into applying them for a number of different countries.

See also Template:flagIOC for Olympic articles.

Several countries have multiple country codes. In most of these cases, the ISO country code is used for the template, with redirects from the other country codes. For example Template:DEU is the template for Germany, but Template:GER (code used by FIFA and the IOC) redirects to DEU.


text:
Cassiopeia (train)

The Cassiopeia (カシオペア) is a luxury cruise train service in Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It formerly operated as a Limited express from July 1999 until March 2016, when it was discontinued due to the opening of the Hokkaido Shinkansen. It ran between Ueno Station in Tokyo and the city of Sapporo in the northern island of Hokkaido. The one-way journey to Sapporo took approximately 16$1/2$ hours.

Route
The original Cassiopeia ran on the following rail lines:

JR East IGR Iwate Ginga Railway Aoimori Railway JR East JR Hokkaido
 * Tōhoku Main Line, Ueno – Morioka
 * Iwate Galaxy Railway Line, Morioka – Metoki
 * Aoimori Railway Line, Metoki – Aomori
 * Tsugaru Line, Aomori – Naka-Oguni
 * Kaikyō Line, Naka-Oguni – Kikonai
 * Esashi Line, Kikonai – Goryōkaku
 * Hakodate Main Line, Goryōkaku – Hakodate – Oshamambe
 * Muroran Main Line, Oshamambe – Numanohata
 * Chitose Line, Numanohata – Shiroishi
 * Hakodate Main Line, Shiroishi – Sapporo

The train changed direction at Aomori and Hakodate.

Northbound trains to Sapporo departed from Ueno after 16:00, and called at Ōmiya, Utsunomiya, Kōriyama, Fukushima, Sendai, Ichinoseki, and Morioka. The first stop in Hokkaido was at Hakodate at 05:00 the following day, with arrival in Sapporo around 09:30. Southbound trains to Ueno departed from Sapporo after 16:00; the first stop after leaving Hokkaido was at Sendai, around 04:30 the following day, and the arrival time at Ueno Station around 09:30.

The original Cassiopeia departed three times per week, with more departures during holiday periods.

Rolling stock
The train is formed of twelve E26 series sleeping cars, including a lounge car at the Sapporo end and a deluxe suite at the Ueno end. The locomotive power for charter services is provided by JR Freight, which include Class EF81 dual-voltage locomotives or Class EF64 locomotives from Ueno to Aomori, Class EH800 AC electric locomotives for the Seikan Tunnel and Class DF200 diesel locomotives for non-electrified routes in Hokkaido.

Former rolling stock
The original train was hauled by a JR East Tabata-based Class EF510-500 dual-voltage electric locomotive between Ueno and Aomori, by a JR Hokkaido ED79 AC electric locomotive between Aomori and Hakodate, and by a pair of JR Hokkaido DD51 diesel locomotives between Hakodate and Sapporo. Prior to June 2010, the services were hauled by JR East Class EF81 dual-voltage electric locomotives.

Accommodation and fares
The Cassiopeia consists of all type "A" accommodation, all specific to this particular train. A flat fee is charged for all rooms, regardless of starting or ending location. Accommodation rates range from about ¥27,000 for a Cassiopeia Twin room to ¥51,000 for a Cassiopeia Suite.

The other fares, the basic fare and limited express fare, are based on distance. For tourists using the Japan Rail Pass during the original service, the basic fare did not have to be paid. However, there is a charge of about ¥5,500 each way for travelling on a section of railroad not owned by Japan Railways between Morioka and Aomori.

History
The Cassiopeia service from Ueno to Sapporo first ran on 16 July 1999.

From the start of the revised timetable on 17 March 2012, smoking was banned in the restaurant car of Cassiopeia services.

End of scheduled services
The last scheduled Cassiopeia services were discontinued in March 2016 ahead of the opening of the Hokkaido Shinkansen high-speed line. The last down service departed from Ueno Station in Tokyo on 19 March 2016, and the last up service departed from Sapporo on 20 March, arriving at Ueno on 21 March.

Cruise services
Neither JR East nor JR Hokkaido owns electric locomotives capable of operating through the Seikan Tunnel to and from Hokkaido after the overhead line voltage was raised from 20 kV to 25 kV AC with the opening of the Hokkaido Shinkansen on 26 March 2016, but JR East leases JR Freight Class EH800 electric locomotives to haul the Cassiopeia trainset on seasonal services through the Seikan Tunnel after the Hokkaido Shinkansen opened. The coaches are also used on cruise train services to other destinations within the JR East region, which include Sendai and Aomori.

title: Cassiopeia (train)


text:
Frankie Campbell

Frankie Campbell (born Francesco Camilli; 1904 – August 25, 1930) was an Italian-American boxer who fought professionally as a heavyweight. He won 33 of his 40 career fights, losing four, drawing twice, and fighting to a no-contest in another. Campbell was killed in the ring by future heavyweight champion Max Baer on August 25, 1930, in San Francisco, California.

Campbell was the brother of former Major League Baseball player Dolph Camilli.

Last fight
Max Baer was knocked down in the 2nd round, which enraged him, and he rose from the canvas to put all his power behind a solid right-hand punch that hit Campbell flush in the chin. Campbell later received a beating in the 5th round and then eventually passed out from the punch.

An alternate take on this second round exchange is offered in the San Francisco Examiner from August 26, 1930. The article reads: "Irwin [the referee] ruled that Baer had slipped and had not been dropped. He motioned Baer to his feet. In the meantime Campbell had walked the far side of the ring, turning his back... Baer rushed across the ring and socked Campbell with three stiff rights to the head... The blows dazed Campbell and he was pretty well spent as he made his way back to his corner. 'Something feels as though it broke in my head,' Campbell told Chief Second Tommy Maloney during the rest interval between the second and third round."

Onlookers claimed that Baer slugged Campbell "unmercifully" in the 5th round after he was already unconscious but had held onto his feet by the ropes. Had the referee not intervened, Campbell would have been killed outright.

UP Doctors worked over Campbell in the open-air ring at the baseball park for half an hour and, failing to revive him, took him to a local hospital where other physicians and nurses worked over him for several hours. Campbell had a severe concussion of the brain. Doctors later discovered that his brain had been knocked loose from the connective tissue inside his head.

Brain specialist Tilton E. Tillman "declared death had been caused by a succession of blows on the jaw and not by any struck on the rear of the head," and that Campbell's brain had been "knocked completely loose from his skull."

The California State Boxing Commission soon suspended Referee Irwin for his failure to stop the fight, J. Hamilton Lorimer (Baer's manager), Carol E. Working and Tom Maloney (Campbell's managers), and seconds Tillie "Kid" Herman, Ray Carlin, Frankie Burns, and Larry Morrison.

title: Frankie Campbell


text:
Maude Barlow

Maude Victoria Barlow (born May 24, 1947) is a Canadian author and activist. She is a founding member and former board chair of the Council of Canadians, a citizens' advocacy organization with members and chapters across Canada. She is also the co-founder of the Blue Planet Project, which works internationally for the human right to water. Barlow chairs the board of Washington-based Food & Water Watch, serves on the Board of Advisors to the Global Alliance on the Rights of Nature, was a founding member of the San Francisco–based International Forum on Globalization, and was a Councillor with the Hamburg-based World Future Council. She is the Chancellor of Brescia University College at Western University. In 2008/2009, was Senior Advisor on Water to the 63rd President of the United Nations General Assembly.

She has authored and co-authored 20 books, including ''Whose Water is it Anyway? Taking water protection into public hands and Still Hopeful, Lessons From a Lifetime of Activism''.

Water policy
Barlow proposes the remunicipalization of the water and sanitation services because "the public and communities lose control as local government officials abdicate control over a vital public service, private water companies are accountable to their shareholders, not to the people they serve and often restrict public access to information about their operations Because they have to make a profit, they have to cut corners, raise water rates or lay off workers - often all three."

Film
Barlow is in the feature documentary film Blue Gold: World Water Wars by Sam Bozzo.

Barlow is featured in two other recent documentaries about water rights issues: Irena Salina's documentary Flow: For Love of Water, and Liz Marshall's Water on the Table. Barlow also contributes to a blog associated with Water on the Table.

Barlow is the subject of a National Film Board of Canada documentary Democracy à la Maude as well as a CBC TV Life and Times biography.

The Bollywood film Paani, being directed by Shekhar Kapur, is based on Blue Covenant: The Global Water Crisis and the Coming Battle for the Right.

Books: Principal author or co-author

 * Parcel of Rogues: How Free Trade Is Failing Canada – Key Porter Books, Toronto (1990)
 * Take Back the Nation (with Bruce Campbell) – Key Porter Books, Toronto (1992)
 * Take Back the Nation 2 (with Bruce Campbell) – Key Porter Books, Toronto (1993)
 * Class Warfare: The Assault on Canada's Schools (with Heather-Jane Robertson) – Key Porter Books, Toronto (1994) ISBN 1-55013-559-7.
 * Straight through the Heart: How the Liberals Abandoned the Just Society (with Bruce Campbell) – HarperCollins, Toronto (1995) ISBN 0-00-638580-X.
 * The Big Black Book: The Essential Views of Conrad and Barbara Amiel Black (with Jim Winter) – Stoddart, Toronto (1997) ISBN 0-7737-5904-2.
 * MAI: The Multilateral Agreement on Investment and the Threat to Canadian Sovereignty (with Tony Clarke) – Stoddart (1997) ISBN 0-7737-5946-8.
 * MAI: The Multilateral Agreement on Investment and the Threat to American Freedom (with Tony Clarke) – Stoddart, Toronto (1998)
 * The Fight of My Life: Confessions of an Unrepentant Canadian – HarperCollins, Toronto (1998) ISBN 0-00-255761-4.
 * MAI: The Multilateral Agreement on Investment Round 2; New Global and Internal Threats to Canadian Sovereignty (with Tony Clarke) – Stoddart, Toronto (1998)
 * Frederick Street: Life and Death on Canada's Love Canal (with Elizabeth May) – HarperCollins, Toronto (2000)
 * Global Showdown: How the New Activists Are Fighting Global Corporate Rule (with Tony Clarke) – Stoddart, Toronto (2001) ISBN 0-7737-3264-0.
 * Blue Gold: The Battle Against Corporate Theft of the World's Water (with Tony Clarke) – Stoddart, Toronto (2002) ISBN 0-7710-1086-9.
 * Profit Is Not the Cure: A Citizen's Guide to Saving Medicare – McCelland & Stewart, Toronto (2002) ISBN 0-7710-1084-2.
 * Too Close For Comfort; Canada's Future Within Fortress North America – McClelland & Stewart, Toronto (2005) ISBN 0-7710-1088-5.
 * Blue Covenant: The Global Water Crisis and the Fight for the Right to Water – McClelland & Stewart, Toronto (October 16, 2007) ISBN 978-0-7710-1072-9. Also available in French, Arabic, Japanese, Portuguese, Korean, Greek, Turkish, and Spanish.
 * Blue Future: Protecting Water for People and the Planet Forever - House of Anansi, Inc., Toronto (September 2013) ISBN 978-1-7708-9406-8 (print version), 978-1-7708-9407-5 (e-book).
 * Boiling Point: Government Neglect, Corporate Abuse, and Canada's Water Crisis - ECW Press, Toronto (September 2016) ISBN 978-1-7704-1355-9 (print version).
 * Whose Water is it Anyway? Taking water protection into public hands. - ECW Press, Toronto (September 2019) ISBN 177-0-4143-04 (print version).
 * Still Hopeful: Lessons from a Lifetime of Activism - ECW Press, Toronto (March 2022) ISBN 9781770416321 (print version).

Books: contributing author

 * Trading Freedom: How Free Trade Affect our Lives, Work, and Environment – Institute for Policy Studies, Washington (1992)
 * The American Review of Canadian Studies – Twentieth Anniversary Issue of The Association for Canadian Studies in the United States, Washington (1992)
 * Crossing the Line: Canada and Free Trade With Mexico- New Star Publications, Vancouver (1992)
 * The Charlottetown Accord, the Referendum, and the Future of Canada – University of Toronto Press, Toronto (1993)
 * The Trojan Horse: Alberta and the Future of Canada – Black Rose Books, Edmonton (1995)
 * The Case Against the Global Economy – Sierra Club Books, New York (1996)
 * Globalization and the Live Performing Arts, Conference Papers – Monash University, Melbourne (2001)
 * Alternatives to Economic Globalization, a Report of the International Forum on Globalization – Berrett-Koehler Publishers, San Francisco (2002)
 * Whose Water Is It? The Unquenchable Thirst of a Water-Hungry World – Edited by Bernadette McDonald and Douglas Jehl, National Geographic, Washington (2003)
 * Meeting the Global Challenge: Competitive Position and Strategic Response – BMA Program, Edited by Tom Wesson, York University Press, Toronto (2004)
 * Globalization, Human Rights & Citizenship, An Anthology From the Gannett Lecture Series – Rochester Institute of Technology, Edited by Robert Manning – trade paperback (2005)
 * Globalization, Human Rights & Citizenship, An Anthology From the Gannett Lecture Series – Rochester Institute of Technology, Edited by Robert Manning – trade paperback (2005)

Reports

 * Blue Gold: The Global Water Crisis and the Commodification of the World’s Water Supply – International Forum on Globalization, San Francisco (June 1999)
 * The Free Trade Area of the Americas, The Threat to Social Programs, Environmental Sustainability and Social Justice – International Forum on Globalization, San Francisco (February 2001)
 * The World Trade Organization and the Threat to Canada's Social Programs – The Council of Canadians, Ottawa (September 2001)
 * Profit is not the Cure: A Call to Action on the Future of Health Care in Canada – The Council of Canadians, Ottawa (Winter 2002)
 * Making the Links, A Citizen's Guide to the World Trade Organization and the Free Trade Area of the Americas (with Tony Clarke) – The Council of Canadians, Ottawa (Summer 2003)
 * The Global Fight Against Privatization of Water – Annual Report, The World Forum on Alternatives, Geneva (April 2004)
 * The Canada We Want, A Citizen's Alternative to Deep Integration – The Council of Canadians, Ottawa (March 2004)

title: Maude Barlow


text: Category:House of Kawananakoa

title: Category:House of Kawananakoa


text:
Talk:Middleham Castle

Untitled
"...caused it to become known as "the Windsor of the North" An unlikely style of comparison before the 19th century. Who called it "the Windsor of the North"? --Wetman 04:13, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This claim doesn't appear in the English Heritage guidebook and i agree it seems unlikely, so I got rid of it as part of a general re-write. Also dropped "destroyed in the Civil War" as the guidebook says it saw no action - though it could well have been slighted after the war - and the claim taht Warwick improved it - his father did most of the building, and it's not clear whether the final additions were by Warwick or Gloucester. Chris R 22:41, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

Intending to expand this with an architectural description and a picture. Chris R 22:41, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Military history/Assessment/Tag & Assess 2008
Article reassessed and graded as start class. --dashiellx (talk) 16:48, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 00:00, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Middleham Castle


text:
John Sergeant

John Sergeant may refer to:

 * John Sergeant (journalist) (born 1944), English journalist and broadcaster
 * John Sergeant (missionary) (1710-1749), American missionary to the Mahicans of Stockbridge
 * John Sergeant (politician) (1779–1852), American politician
 * John Sergeant (priest) (1623–1707/10), Roman Catholic priest and writer

title: John Sergeant


text:
Nathalie Griesbeck

Natalie Griesbeck (born 24 May 1956 in Metz) is a French politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament for the East of France from 2004 until 2019. She is a member of the Democratic Movement (MoDem), part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.

Education and early career
Griesbeck has a master's degree in public law (1979) and postgraduate diplomas (DEAs) in public law (1980) and legal history (1981).

She was formerly a lecturer in public law at the University of Metz, and has also served as deputy mayor of Metz, with responsibility for finance and economic development, vice-chair of Metz Council, with responsibility for economic development, a member of the Moselle Council, and chair of Transcité (2001–2003). She holds the Palmes académiques and the Ordre National du Mérite.

Member of the European Parliament, 2004–2019
Griesbeck first became a Member of the European Parliament in the 2004 European elections. She first served on the Committee on Budgets from 2004 until 2009 before joining the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs in 2009. From 2017, she also chaired the Special Committee on Terrorism, a temporary body to address the practical and legislative deficiencies in the fight against terrorism across the EU.

On the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs, Griesbeck served as rapporteur on the situation of unaccompanied minors in the EU, among other issues.

In addition to her committee assignments, Griesbeck served as a member of the parliament's delegation to the ACP–EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly; the European Parliament Intergroup on Children's Rights; and the European Parliament Intergroup on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights. She was also a supporter of the MEP Heart Group, a group of parliamentarians who have an interest in promoting measures that will help reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). She was previously a member of the European Parliament's delegation for relations with Mercosur and a substitute for the delegation for relations with the countries of Southeast Asia and ASEAN.

MoDem chairman François Bayrou included Griesbeck in his shadow cabinet in 2010, in preparation for the 2012 French presidential election; in this capacity, Griesbeck served as opposition counterpart to Minister of Justice Michel Mercier.

Griesbeck was the second candidate in the East constituency on the MoDem list, while Jean-François Kahn was the top candidate. The list only won one seat, but Kahn resigned before the session opened, giving his position to Griesbeck.

Other activities
In addition to her parliamentary work, Griesbeck at one point listed 68 different board memberships in the medical sector.

title: Nathalie Griesbeck


text: User talk:66.91.7.143

title: User talk:66.91.7.143


text:
Deutsch (crater)

Deutsch is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It lies to the southwest of the larger crater Seyfert. About one crater to the east-northeast is Polzunov.

Its name comes from Armin Joseph Deutsch, an American astronomer and science-fiction author.

This crater has a relatively low, eroded rim that is heavily damaged along the southeastern section. This portion is overlain by Deutsch F along the east and Deutsch L to the south, with an irregular region between these two formations. The interior floor of Deutsch is relatively level, but is marked by a number of small impacts.

A ray from Giordano Bruno to the north-northwest passes along the western edge of Deutsch.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Deutsch.

title: Deutsch (crater)


text: Talk:OurColony

title: Talk:OurColony