text:
User talk:Stevenfruitsmaak/Userpage

WP:ADOPT
Hi there - FOR WHEN YOU RETURN :):):)

As a current Adopter with the Adopt-a-User program there has been some ongoing developments that we would like to bring to your attention.

A new Adopter's Area has been created where you can find useful resources and other Adopter's experiences. Please feel free to add any resources you may have found useful as an Adopter, as well as recount any experiences that you think may help others. If you know of any useful resources for new users / Adoptees then you can add them here.

Also the way the adoption process works has changed slightly. To decrease workload at Category:Wikipedians seeking to be adopted in Adopt-a-user, on offering adoption please change the   template to    on the user's user page, and this will add the user to Category:Wikipedians having been offered adoption. Users that have already been offered adoption can always have a second or third offer, but by separating out those users that have not had an adoption offer yet, it is hoped that no one will go lacking. Furthermore numerous Adopters have been adding their details to a list of users available for adopting, to offer a more personalised service and allow new users to browse through and pick their own Adopter. The quickest way to adopt though, is still to contact users at the Category:Wikipedians seeking to be adopted in Adopt-a-user.

Finally - thanks for all your hard work, keep it up - and if you have any general questions or suggestions about the further development of Adopt-a-User please bring them to our talk page. Cheers Lethaniol 14:03, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

Wish u'll be back soon
Hi, wish u ll be back soon, wikipedia needs your magnificent contributions Maen. K. A. (talk) 17:17, 22 February 2009 (UTC)

Medical Translation Newsletter
 Wikiproject Medicine; Translation Taskforce

Medical Translation Newsletter

Issue 1, June/July 2014 by CFCF, Doc James

sign up for monthly delivery

This is the first of a series of newsletters for Wikiproject Medicine's Translation Task Force. Our goal is to make all the medical knowledge on Wikipedia available to the world, in the language of your choice. note: you will not receive future editions of this newsletter unless you *sign up*; you received this version because you identify as a member of WikiProject Medicine

Spotlight - Simplified article translation

Wikiproject Medicine started translating simplified articles in February 2014. We now have 45 simplified articles ready for translation, of which the first on African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness has been translated into 46 out of ~100 languages. This list does not include the 33 additional articles that are available in both full and simple versions.

Our goal is to eventually translate 1,000 simplified articles. This includes:
 * WHO's list of Essential Medicines
 * Neglected tropical diseases
 * Key diseases for medical subspecialties like: oncology, emergency medicine (list), anatomy, internal medicine, surgery, etc.

We are looking for subject area leads to both create articles and recruit further editors. We need people with basic medical knowledge who are willing to help out. This includes to write, translate and especially integrate medical articles.

What's happening?

I've () taken on the role of community organizer for this project, and will be working with this until December. The goals and timeline can be found here, and are focused on getting the project on a firm footing and to enable me to work near full-time over the summer, and part-time during the rest of the year. This means I will be available for questions and ideas, and you can best reach me by mail or on my talk page.
 * IEG grant

For those going to London in a month's time (or those already nearby) there will be at least one event for all medical editors, on Thursday August 7th. See the event page, which also summarizes medicine-related presentations in the main conference. Please pass the word on to your local medical editors.
 * Wikimania 2014

There has previously been some resistance against translation into certain languages with strong Wikipedia presence, such as Dutch, Polish, and Swedish. What was found is that thre is hardly any negative opinion about the the project itself; and any such critique has focused on the ways that articles have being integrated. For an article to be usefully translated into a target-Wiki it needs to be properly Wiki-linked, carry proper citations and use the formatting of the chosen target language as well as being properly proof-read. Certain large Wikis such as the Polish and Dutch Wikis have strong traditions of medical content, with their own editorial system, own templates and different ideas about what constitutes a good medical article. For example, there are not MEDRS (Polish,German,Romanian,Persian) guidelines present on other Wikis, and some Wikis have a stronger background of country-specific content.
 * Integration progress

 * Swedish Translation into Swedish has been difficult in part because of the amount of free, high quality sources out there already: patient info, for professionals. The same can be said for English, but has really given us all the more reason to try and create an unbiased and free encyclopedia of medical content. We want Wikipedia to act as an alternative to commercial sources, and preferably a really good one at that. Through extensive collaborative work and by respecting links and Sweden specific content the last unintegrated Swedish translation went live in May.
 * Dutch Dutch translation carries with it special difficulties, in part due to the premises in which the Dutch Wikipedia is built upon. There is great respect for what previous editors have created, and deleting or replacing old content can be frowned upon. In spite of this there are success stories: Anafylaxie.
 * Polish Translation and integration into Polish also comes with its own unique set of challenges. The Polish Wikipedia has long been independent and works very hard to create high quality contentfor Polish audience. Previous translation trouble has lead to use of unique templates with unique formatting, not least among citations. Add to this that the Polish Wikipedia does not allow template redirects and a large body of work is required for each article. (This is somewhat alleviated by a commissioned Template bot - to be released). - List of articles for integration
 * Arabic The Arabic Wikipedia community has been informed of the efforts to integrate content through both the general talk-page as well as through one of the major Arabic Wikipedia facebook-groups: مجتمع ويكيبيديا العربي, something that has been heralded with great enthusiasm.

Integration is the next step after any translation. Despite this it is by no means trivial, and it comes with its own hardships and challenges. Previously each new integrator has needed to dive into the fray with little help from previous integrations. Therefore we are creating guides for specific Wikis that make integration simple and straightforward, with guides for specific languages, and for integrating on small Wikis.
 * Integration guides

Instructions on how to integrate an article may be found here

News in short

 * To come
 * Medical editor census - Medical editors on different Wikis have been without proper means of communication. A preliminary list of projects is available here.
 * Proofreading drives

 * Further reading
 * Translators Without Borders
 * Healthcare information for all by 2015, a global campaign

Europe 10,000 Challenge invite
Hi. The WikiProject Europe/The 10,000 Challenge has recently started, based on the UK/Ireland The 10,000 Challenge. The idea is not to record every minor edit, but to create a momentum to motivate editors to produce good content improvements and creations and inspire people to work on more countries than they might otherwise work on. There's also the possibility of establishing smaller country or regional challenges for places like Germany, Italy, the Benelux countries, Iberian Peninsula, Romania, Slovenia etc, much like The 1000 Challenge (Nordic). For this to really work we need diversity and exciting content and editors from a broad range of countries regularly contributing. If you would like to see masses of articles being improved for Europe and your specialist country like WikiProject Africa/The Africa Destubathon, sign up today and once the challenge starts a contest can be organized. This is a way we can target every country of Europe, and steadily vastly improve the encyclopedia. We need numbers to make this work so consider signing up as a participant and also sign under any country sub challenge on the page that you might contribute to! Thank you. --MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 21:09, 7 November 2016 (UTC)

Women in Red World Contest
Hi. We're into the last five days of the Women in Red World Contest. There's a new bonus prize of $200 worth of books of your choice to win for creating the most new women biographies between 0:00 on the 26th and 23:59 on 30th November. If you've been contributing to the contest, thank you for your support, we've produced over 2000 articles. If you haven't contributed yet, we would appreciate you taking the time to add entries to our articles achievements list by the end of the month. Thank you, and if participating, good luck with the finale!

title: User talk:Stevenfruitsmaak/Userpage


text:
List of LGBT rights articles by region

List of LGBT rights by region, including countries, commonwealths, disputed territories, and other regions.

International regions

 * LGBT rights in La Francophonie
 * LGBT rights in the Commonwealth of Nations
 * LGBT rights in the Middle East
 * LGBT rights in the European Union
 * LGBT rights in the Post-Soviet states

Africa

 * 🇩🇿 Algeria
 * 🇦🇴 Angola
 * 🇧🇯 Benin
 * 🇧🇼 Botswana
 * 🇧🇫 Burkina Faso
 * 🇧🇮 Burundi
 * 🇨🇲 Cameroon
 * 🇨🇻 Cape Verde
 * 🇨🇫 Central African Republic
 * 🇹🇩 Chad
 * 🇰🇲 Comoros
 * 🇨🇩 Republic of the Congo
 * Democratic Republic of the Congo
 * 🇩🇯 Djibouti
 * 🇪🇬 Egypt
 * 🇪🇷 Eritrea
 * Eswatini (Swaziland)
 * 🇪🇹 Ethiopia
 * 🇬🇶 Equatorial Guinea
 * 🇬🇦 Gabon
 * 🇬🇲 Gambia
 * 🇬🇭 Ghana
 * 🇬🇳 Guinea
 * 🇬🇼 Guinea-Bissau
 * Ivory Coast
 * 🇰🇪 Kenya
 * 🇱🇸 Lesotho
 * 🇱🇷 Liberia
 * 🇱🇾 Libya
 * 🇲🇬 Madagascar
 * 🇲🇼 Malawi
 * 🇲🇱 Mali
 * 🇲🇷 Mauritania
 * 🇲🇺 Mauritius
 * 🇲🇦 Morocco
 * 🇲🇿 Mozambique
 * 🇳🇦 Namibia
 * 🇳🇪 Niger
 * 🇳🇬 Nigeria
 * 🇷🇼 Rwanda
 * São Tomé and Príncipe
 * 🇸🇳 Senegal
 * 🇸🇨 Seychelles
 * 🇸🇱 Sierra Leone
 * 🇸🇴 Somalia
 * 🇿🇦 South Africa
 * 🇸🇸 South Sudan
 * 🇸🇩 Sudan
 * 🇹🇿 Tanzania
 * 🇹🇬 Togo
 * 🇹🇳 Tunisia
 * 🇺🇬 Uganda
 * 🇿🇲 Zambia
 * 🇿🇼 Zimbabwe

Other regions

 * Ascension Island
 * 🇾🇹 Mayotte
 * 🇷🇪 Réunion
 * Somaliland
 * Saint Helena
 * Tristan da Cunha
 * 🇪🇭 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

Americas

 * 🇦🇬 Antigua and Barbuda
 * 🇦🇷 Argentina
 * 🇧🇸 Bahamas
 * 🇧🇧 Barbados
 * 🇧🇿 Belize
 * 🇧🇴 Bolivia
 * 🇧🇷 Brazil
 * 🇨🇦 Canada
 * 🇨🇱 Chile
 * 🇨🇴 Colombia
 * 🇨🇷 Costa Rica
 * 🇨🇺 Cuba
 * 🇩🇲 Dominica
 * 🇩🇴 Dominican Republic
 * 🇪🇨 Ecuador
 * 🇸🇻 El Salvador
 * 🇬🇩 Grenada
 * 🇬🇹 Guatemala
 * 🇬🇾 Guyana
 * 🇭🇹 Haiti
 * 🇭🇳 Honduras
 * 🇯🇲 Jamaica
 * 🇲🇽 Mexico
 * 🇳🇮 Nicaragua
 * 🇵🇦 Panama
 * 🇵🇾 Paraguay
 * 🇵🇪 Peru
 * 🇰🇳 Saint Kitts and Nevis
 * 🇱🇨 Saint Lucia
 * 🇻🇨 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
 * 🇸🇷 Suriname
 * 🇹🇹 Trinidad and Tobago
 * 🇺🇸 United States
 * 🇺🇾 Uruguay
 * 🇻🇪 Venezuela

Other regions

 * 🇦🇮 Anguilla
 * 🇦🇼 Aruba
 * 🇧🇲 Bermuda
 * Bonaire
 * British Virgin Islands
 * 🇰🇾 Cayman Islands
 * 🇨🇼 Curaçao
 * Falkland Islands
 * 🇬🇫 French Guiana
 * 🇬🇱 Greenland
 * 🇬🇵 Guadeloupe
 * 🇲🇶 Martinique
 * 🇲🇸 Montserrat
 * 🇵🇷 Puerto Rico
 * Saba
 * 🇧🇱 Saint Barthélemy
 * Saint Martin
 * [[Image:Flag of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon.svg|25px]] Saint Pierre and Miquelon
 * Sint Eustatius
 * Sint Maarten
 * 🇹🇨 Turks and Caicos Islands
 * U.S. Virgin Islands

Antarctica
As Antarctica has no resident human population, the human presence there is limited to short-term research or sporting expeditions. The Antarctic Treaty System provides that all legal rights in Antarctica are governed by those of the person's home nation, and do not change based on which country's Antarctic territorial claim the person happens to be present in at any given time.

 * 🇦🇷 Argentine Antarctica
 * 🇦🇺 Australian Antarctic Territory
 * 🇳🇴 Bouvet Island
 * British Antarctic Territory
 * 🇫🇷 French Southern and Antarctic Lands
 * 🇦🇺 Heard and MacDonald Islands
 * 🇨🇱 Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica
 * 🇳🇴 Peter I Island
 * 🇿🇦 Prince Edward Islands
 * 🇳🇴 Queen Maud Land
 * 🇳🇿 Ross Dependency
 * 🇬🇸 South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands

Asia

 * 🇦🇫 Afghanistan
 * 🇧🇭 Bahrain
 * 🇧🇩 Bangladesh
 * 🇧🇹 Bhutan
 * Brunei
 * 🇰🇭 Cambodia
 * People's Republic of China
 * East Timor
 * 🇮🇳 India
 * 🇮🇩 Indonesia
 * 🇮🇷 Iran
 * 🇮🇶 Iraq
 * 🇮🇱 Israel
 * 🇯🇵 Japan
 * 🇯🇴 Jordan
 * 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan
 * 🇰🇼 Kuwait
 * 🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan
 * Laos
 * 🇱🇧 Lebanon
 * 🇲🇾 Malaysia
 * 🇲🇻 Maldives
 * 🇲🇳 Mongolia
 * Myanmar
 * 🇳🇵 Nepal
 * 🇰🇵 North Korea
 * 🇴🇲 Oman
 * 🇵🇰 Pakistan
 * 🇵🇭 Philippines
 * 🇶🇦 Qatar
 * 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia
 * 🇸🇬 Singapore
 * 🇰🇷 South Korea
 * 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka
 * Syria
 * 🇹🇯 Tajikistan
 * 🇹🇭 Thailand
 * 🇹🇲 Turkmenistan
 * 🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates
 * 🇺🇿 Uzbekistan
 * Vietnam
 * 🇾🇪 Yemen

Other regions

 * 🇭🇰 Hong Kong
 * Macau
 * Palestine
 * 🇹🇼 Taiwan (Republic of China)

Europe

 * 🇦🇱 Albania
 * 🇦🇩 Andorra
 * 🇦🇲 Armenia
 * 🇦🇹 Austria
 * 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan
 * 🇧🇾 Belarus
 * 🇧🇪 Belgium
 * 🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina
 * 🇧🇬 Bulgaria
 * 🇭🇷 Croatia
 * 🇨🇾 Cyprus
 * 🇨🇿 Czech Republic
 * 🇩🇰 Denmark
 * 🇪🇪 Estonia
 * 🇫🇮 Finland
 * 🇫🇷 France
 * Georgia
 * 🇩🇪 Germany
 * 🇬🇷 Greece
 * 🇭🇺 Hungary
 * 🇮🇸 Iceland
 * 🇮🇪 Ireland
 * 🇮🇹 Italy
 * 🇱🇻 Latvia
 * 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein
 * 🇱🇹 Lithuania
 * 🇱🇺 Luxembourg
 * 🇲🇹 Malta
 * 🇲🇩 Moldova
 * 🇲🇨 Monaco
 * 🇲🇪 Montenegro
 * 🇳🇱 Netherlands
 * North Macedonia
 * 🇳🇴 Norway
 * 🇵🇱 Poland
 * 🇵🇹 Portugal
 * 🇷🇴 Romania
 * 🇷🇺 Russia
 * 🇸🇲 San Marino
 * 🇷🇸 Serbia
 * 🇸🇰 Slovakia
 * 🇸🇮 Slovenia
 * 🇪🇸 Spain
 * 🇸🇪 Sweden
 * 🇨🇭 Switzerland
 * 🇹🇷 Turkey
 * 🇺🇦 Ukraine
 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom

Other regions

 * Abkhazia
 * 🇫🇴 Faroe Islands
 * 🇬🇮 Gibraltar
 * 🇬🇬 Guernsey
 * 🇮🇲 Isle of Man
 * 🇯🇪 Jersey
 * Kosovo
 * Northern Cyprus
 * South Ossetia
 * Transnistria
 * 🇻🇦 Vatican City

Oceania

 * 🇦🇺 Australia
 * 🇫🇯 Fiji
 * 🇰🇮 Kiribati
 * 🇲🇭 Marshall Islands
 * Federated States of Micronesia
 * 🇳🇷 Nauru
 * 🇳🇿 New Zealand
 * 🇵🇼 Palau
 * 🇵🇬 Papua New Guinea
 * 🇼🇸 Samoa
 * 🇸🇧 Solomon Islands
 * 🇹🇴 Tonga
 * 🇹🇻 Tuvalu
 * 🇻🇺 Vanuatu

Other regions

 * 🇦🇸 American Samoa
 * 🇨🇰 Cook Islands
 * 🇨🇱 Easter Island
 * 🇵🇫 French Polynesia
 * 🇬🇺 Guam
 * 🇳🇨 New Caledonia
 * 🇳🇺 Niue
 * 🇲🇵 Northern Mariana Islands
 * Pitcairn Islands
 * 🇹🇰 Tokelau
 * 🇺🇸 US Minor Outlying Islands
 * 🇼🇫 Wallis and Futuna

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: List of LGBT rights articles by region


text:
Barnstaple Western Bypass

The Barnstaple Western Bypass is a congestion-relief scheme designed to take road traffic away from the town centre of Barnstaple, a market town in Devon, South West England. Construction of the new road started in the Spring of 2005 and it was opened on 23 May 2007.

History
The scheme consists of a single two-lane carriageway, one roundabout and three traffic signal controlled junctions. 1.7 mi of new road was constructed and a 409 m long, five-span, downstream bridge was built across the River Taw. A new roundabout was created between the Newport and Roundswell roundabouts: this has a feeder lane which provides easy access from the A39 Atlantic Highway to the A361 Braunton Road which generates much of Barnstaple's traffic.

The bridge is a balanced cantilever design with reinforced concrete box girders supporting the arms.

Other constructions include stream culverts, two pedestrian/cycleway underpasses, minor retaining walls, and a 100-metre three span viaduct providing access for buses, cyclists and pedestrians to Barnstaple railway station. The plans allowed for reopening of the Barnstaple-Bideford railway, should this become financially viable.

As with any project of this scale, many companies were employed in the development. Edmund Nuttall Ltd., a major civil engineering group, was the main contractor. It was estimated to cost £42 million. £38 million of this amount came from the central government. Devon County Council also contributed.

An economic impact study estimated that after 5 years the project would generate an extra £248 million in business turnover and would create 1,280 jobs.

Opening ceremony
Up to 20,000 people were expected to attend the Taw Bridge Family Fun Day.

The event was organised to raise money for charity and to commemorate the completion of the Western Bypass and Downstream Bridge.

The ceremony took place on the Pottington side of the bridge at 11:00 and members of the public were able to walk over the new bridge from 11:30. A Fun Run started from Park School at 12:00.

At 14:30 A tug-of-war competition took place on the bridge itself.

A final grand parade was to start at 16:00 and at 17:30 an evening concert in St Peter's Church was to end the day.

Critics
Critics said that the Western Bypass would endanger wildlife and the environment. Friends of the Earth campaigner and Green Party candidate Anthony Bown claimed it would disturb large numbers of seabirds on the Taw and Torridge Estuary, along with the habitat of endangered otters.

They were also worried that the bypass would attract more vehicles and therefore further contribute to pollution, but it was also argued that the bypass reduced pollution by substantially reducing traffic jams and journey times in and around Barnstaple.

Some locals were also upset that the decoration chosen for one of the new roundabouts comprised Cornish stone, as the road is really a gateway to North Devon.

The old railway line from Barnstaple to Bideford was partially built over, meaning it will be more expensive to re-open the line in the future.

title: Barnstaple Western Bypass


text:
Ford Elite

The Ford Elite is a personal luxury car produced by Ford and marketed in North America from February 1974 to 1976, using the name Gran Torino Elite for its first model year only then simplified to just Elite for the following two model years.

History
Introduced February 18, 1974 as the Gran Torino Elite, it was initially the top-of-the-line model of the Torino series. Although advertised separately, it was titled and registered as a Gran Torino. For 1975 and 1976, the Gran Torino prefix was dropped and Elite became a stand-alone model nameplate. Early pre-production publicity photos for the 1974 model show the use of Gran Torino XL nameplates.

Sales Competition
Based on the Torino, the mid-size two-door coupe was intended to be a junior model to the Thunderbird designed to compete with the increasingly popular intermediate personal luxury class of vehicles such as the Chevrolet Monte Carlo, Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal, Dodge Charger, Chrysler Cordoba and Mercury Cougar. While the Elite was a newcomer on the market for only three model years, sales performance placed it solidly in third for each of those years (respective to the other personal luxury vehicles) with a combined sales of approximately 366,000.

Design
The Elite was a low investment design derived from the concurrent Mercury Cougar XR-7 (both based on Mercury Montego 2-door bodies which originated for 1972) with a mild front end restyling to resemble the Thunderbird with single round headlamps, eggcrate grille, different taillamps with a center reflector, unique twin opera windows and large color-keyed vinyl moldings placed higher on the bodysides. The interiors were identical save for upholstery styles and minor trim.

Discontinuation
The Elite name was dropped after 1976 as the Ford mid-size range was restructured for the 1977 model year. The Thunderbird was dramatically reduced in size and price for 1977 by moving its nameplate to the Torino-based LTD II platform which was the restyled replacement for the Torino. In effect, the Elite continued restyled and marketed under the more-recognized Thunderbird name, and the previous full-sized Thunderbird was discontinued.

Standard equipment

 * 351W or 351M V8 engine, both of 351 cuin
 * 3-speed automatic transmission
 * Power brakes (front disc brakes, rear drum brakes).
 * Power steering
 * Cloth bench seats
 * Vinyl roof with twin opera windows, Landau (partial) vinyl top for 1976 model year.
 * Protective padded body side moldings

Options

 * 351 cuin 351C V8 engine, 1974 only
 * 400 V8 engine of 402 cuin
 * 460 V8 engine of 460 cuin
 * Power glass moonroof
 * Power steel sunroof
 * Air conditioning with standard manual control or optional Automatic Temperature Control
 * Metallic Glow paint
 * Cruise (speed) control
 * Gauge package with tachometer, oil pressure gauge, coolant temperature gauge, and ammeter gauge
 * Fuel Sentry Vacuum Gauge - monitors intake manifold vacuum to give an indication of how hard the engine is working, and thus economy (not available with gauge package).
 * Fuel Monitor Warning Light - as above, but an on/off light instead of a gauge.
 * Bucket seats and center console (1976 only).

In Mexico and Venezuela
The Elite name was also used in Mexico. The Ford Fairmont was introduced in Mexico in late 1977 as a 1978 model, replacing the Ford Maverick that was produced there locally. The Futura coupe with its distinctive Thunderbird-styled roofline was never offered in Mexico. Instead there was an uplevel 2-door sedan called the Fairmont Elite. It was distinguished from other Fairmonts by its higher level of equipment and vinyl roof. It used the four headlight grille from the Fairmont Futura along with Mercury Zephyr taillamps and rear quarter window louvers. For 1981, the Fairmont Elite switched to the Mercury Zephyr grille.

For 1982, the Fairmont Elite was renamed Ford Elite II, which was now offered in two- and four-door sedans. It continued to use the body of the Fairmont with the front end of the North American 1982 Ford Granada and matching rear bumper. The rear continued to use Mercury Zephyr taillamps.

From 1983 to 1985, a version of the North American Fox platform Ford LTD was manufactured in Venezuela and marketed as the Ford Granada Elite in uplevel trim.

title: Ford Elite


text:
Kurt Wimmer

Kurt Wimmer (born 1964) is an American screenwriter, film producer and film director.

Biography
He attended the University of South Florida and graduated with a BFA degree in Art History. He then moved to Los Angeles, where he worked for 12 years as a screenwriter before directing the 2002 film Equilibrium. In numerous interviews, he cites Equilibrium as his directorial debut and first film, although his actual directorial debut was the 1995 action film One Tough Bastard starring Brian Bosworth and Bruce Payne. However, Equilibrium was his first theatrically released film.

Wimmer has gone on to write for various films, mostly of the action and thriller genres. This includes The Recruit in 2003, Law Abiding Citizen in 2009, Salt in 2010, Expend4bles in 2023 and The Beekeeper in 2024.

title: Kurt Wimmer


text:
Michael E. Ryan

Michael Edward Ryan (born December 24, 1941) is a retired United States Air Force general and was the 16th Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force from October 1997 to September 2001. He served as the senior uniformed Air Force officer responsible for the organization, training and equipage of 700,000 active-duty, Guard, Reserve and civilian forces serving in the United States and overseas. As a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, he and the other service chiefs functioned as military advisers to the Secretary of Defense, National Security Council and the President.

Military career
Born in San Antonio, Texas in 1941,<ref name="Nominations Before the Senate Armed Services Committee, First Session, 105th Congress: Hearings Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, on Nominations of William S. Cohen; Federico F. Peǹa; Keith R. Hall; Gen. Wesley K. Clark, USA; Lt. Gen. Anthony C. Zinni, USMC; Rudy F. De Leon; John J. Hamre; Gen. Henry H. Shelton, USA; Gen. Michael e. Ryan, USAF; Adm. Harold W. Gehman, Jr., USN; Lt. Gen. Charles e. Wilhelm, USMC; Dr. Jacques S. Gansler; Lt. Gen. Peter J. Schoomaker, USA; Lt. Gen. John A. Gordon, USAF; Robert M. Walker; Jerry MacArthur Hultin; F. Whitten Peters; William J. Lynn III, January 22; February 5; March 6; July 9, 17, 24; September 9, 16; October 1, 23, 30; November 8, 1997"> Ryan entered the U.S. Air Force after graduating from the United States Air Force Academy in 1965; he was a graduate of Omaha Creighton Prep High School. Ryan's father, General John Dale Ryan, was the 7th Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, from 1969 to 1973.<ref name="Nominations Before the Senate Armed Services Committee, First Session, 105th Congress: Hearings Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, on Nominations of William S. Cohen; Federico F. Peǹa; Keith R. Hall; Gen. Wesley K. Clark, USA; Lt. Gen. Anthony C. Zinni, USMC; Rudy F. De Leon; John J. Hamre; Gen. Henry H. Shelton, USA; Gen. Michael e. Ryan, USAF; Adm. Harold W. Gehman, Jr., USN; Lt. Gen. Charles e. Wilhelm, USMC; Dr. Jacques S. Gansler; Lt. Gen. Peter J. Schoomaker, USA; Lt. Gen. John A. Gordon, USAF; Robert M. Walker; Jerry MacArthur Hultin; F. Whitten Peters; William J. Lynn III, January 22; February 5; March 6; July 9, 17, 24; September 9, 16; October 1, 23, 30; November 8, 1997"/>

He flew combat missions in Southeast Asia, including 100 missions over North Vietnam in F-4 Phantom II, as part of the 13th Tactical Fighter Squadron based at Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base in Thailand from October 1967 to August 1968. He went through Squadron Officer School in 1969 and the Fighter Weapons Instructor Course at United States Air Force Fighter Weapons School during 1970. From 1971 to 1973, Ryan served as an exchange officer with the Royal Australian Air Force flying the Mirage III. He attended Air Command and Staff College and earned an MBA from Auburn University in 1976. Ryan went to the National War College in 1984. During 1988, Ryan partook in the National Security Program at John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.<ref name="Nominations Before the Senate Armed Services Committee, First Session, 105th Congress: Hearings Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, on Nominations of William S. Cohen; Federico F. Peǹa; Keith R. Hall; Gen. Wesley K. Clark, USA; Lt. Gen. Anthony C. Zinni, USMC; Rudy F. De Leon; John J. Hamre; Gen. Henry H. Shelton, USA; Gen. Michael e. Ryan, USAF; Adm. Harold W. Gehman, Jr., USN; Lt. Gen. Charles e. Wilhelm, USMC; Dr. Jacques S. Gansler; Lt. Gen. Peter J. Schoomaker, USA; Lt. Gen. John A. Gordon, USAF; Robert M. Walker; Jerry MacArthur Hultin; F. Whitten Peters; William J. Lynn III, January 22; February 5; March 6; July 9, 17, 24; September 9, 16; October 1, 23, 30; November 8, 1997"/>

Over his career, Ryan held command at the squadron, wing, numbered air force and major command levels. He also served in staff assignments at the major command level, and in the Pentagon on both the Air Staff and the Joint Staff.<ref name="Nominations Before the Senate Armed Services Committee, First Session, 105th Congress: Hearings Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, on Nominations of William S. Cohen; Federico F. Peǹa; Keith R. Hall; Gen. Wesley K. Clark, USA; Lt. Gen. Anthony C. Zinni, USMC; Rudy F. De Leon; John J. Hamre; Gen. Henry H. Shelton, USA; Gen. Michael e. Ryan, USAF; Adm. Harold W. Gehman, Jr., USN; Lt. Gen. Charles e. Wilhelm, USMC; Dr. Jacques S. Gansler; Lt. Gen. Peter J. Schoomaker, USA; Lt. Gen. John A. Gordon, USAF; Robert M. Walker; Jerry MacArthur Hultin; F. Whitten Peters; William J. Lynn III, January 22; February 5; March 6; July 9, 17, 24; September 9, 16; October 1, 23, 30; November 8, 1997"/>

His first assignment as a lieutenant general in 1993 was as the Assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the duties of which encompassed being the senior military liaison over at the U.S. Department of State and travelling overseas with the Secretary of State.

As Commander of Sixteenth Air Force at Aviano Air Base and Allied Air Forces Southern Europe in Naples, from 1994 to 1996, Lieutenant General Ryan directed the NATO air combat operations in Bosnia-Herzegovina, including the bombing missions of Operation Deliberate Force, which created the context for the U.S. to broker the Dayton Peace Accords between the parties in conflict. Ryan personally approved every NATO target during the two-week Operation Deliberate Force campaign. During his tenure, Captain Scott O'Grady was shot down in a F-16 Fighting Falcon in early June 1995 over Bosnia by a surface-to-air missile launched by the Army of Republika Srpska. O'Grady was rescued a week later.

Before assuming the Chief of Staff position, General Ryan was from April 1996 to October 1997 dual-hatted as Commander of U.S. Air Forces in Europe and Commander of Allied Air Forces Central Europe, with headquarters at Ramstein Air Base in Germany. President Bill Clinton announced the nomination of General Ryan as Chief of Staff of the Air Force on July 31, 1997.

During Operation Allied Force in April 1999, General Ryan made taskings to improve the capability of the Predator drone to collect time-sensitive intelligence for targeting, the results of which would later prove useful in Operation Enduring Freedom. General Ryan formally retired from the U.S. Air Force on October 1, 2001: although the first day on the job of his successor, General John P. Jumper, was on September 11, 2001.

Popular culture
General Michael E. Ryan appeared as himself in the Stargate SG-1 4th season episode 19 "Prodigy", a cable television series filmed in Canada receiving technical assistance from the Air Force Entertainment Liaison Office. He agreed to guest-star on Stargate SG-1 because as he put it, "The ideas that come out of science fiction are often more science than fiction." It also appealed to Ryan's sense of wonder, "The exploration of our own solar system is this century's challenge. It would be a big surprise to find a Stargate out there." Lead actor Richard Dean Anderson later recalled asking General Ryan off camera if he had subordinates as irreverent as Anderson's character Jack O'Neill. According to Anderson the reply was, "Son, yes. We've got colonels like you and worse."

title: Michael E. Ryan


text:
Christen Andreas Fonnesbech

Christen Andreas Fonnesbech (7 July 1817 – 17 May 1880) was a Danish lawyer, landowner and politician. He was Council President of Denmark from 1874 to 1875.

Early life and education
Fonnesbech was born in Copenhagen, where his father was a dressmaker. He matriculated from Borgerdyd School in 1835 and earned a cand.jur. degree from the University of Copenhagen in 1840.

Career
He began his tenure and became town clerk (byfoged) in Hillerød. In 1843 he bought the estate Vesterbygaard at Kalundborg at Holbæk. In 1845, he also bought Saltoft at Slagelse.

Politics
In 1863 he acted as president of the County Council in Odense. Fonnesbech was also a member of the Folketing from 1858 to 1875.

Awards
He became a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog in 1860, Commander of the 1st Degree in 1866, received the Grand Cross in 1870, was awarded the Cross of Honour (Dannebrogsmand) in 1871, and received the Medal of Merit in Gold in 1874. In 1863, he became Knight of the Order of the Polar Star.

title: Christen Andreas Fonnesbech


text:
Eric Carmen

Eric Howard Carmen (August 11, 1949 – March 2024) was an American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. He was the lead vocalist of the Raspberries, with whom he recorded the hit "Go All the Way" and four albums. He embarked on a solo career in 1975 and had global success with "All by Myself", "Never Gonna Fall in Love Again", "She Did It", "Hungry Eyes", and "Make Me Lose Control". In later years, he toured with Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band before reforming the Raspberries in 2004.

Early life
From a family of Russian Jewish immigrants, Carmen was born on August 11, 1949, in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, and grew up in Lyndhurst, Ohio. He was involved with music since early childhood. By the age of two, he was entertaining his parents with impressions of Jimmy Durante and Johnnie Ray. By age three, he was in the Dalcroze Eurhythmics program at the Cleveland Institute of Music. At six years old, he took violin lessons from his aunt Muriel Carmen, who was a violinist in the Cleveland Orchestra. By age 11, he was playing piano and dreaming about writing his own songs. The arrival of the Beatles and the Rolling Stones altered his dream slightly. By the time he was a sophomore at Charles F. Brush High School, Carmen was playing piano and singing in rock bands including the Sounds of Silence, and the Cyrus Erie.

Though classically trained in piano, at age fifteen, Carmen started to take guitar lessons, but when his teacher's approach did not fit with what he wanted, he decided to teach himself. He bought a Beatles chord book and studied guitar for the next four months.

Tenure with the Raspberries
Carmen became serious about being a musician while attending John Carroll University. He joined a band named Cyrus Erie, which recorded several commercially unsuccessful singles for Epic Records. Cyrus Erie guitarist Wally Bryson had been playing with friends Jim Bonfanti and Dave Smalley in one of Cleveland's most popular bands, the Choir, which scored a minor national hit in 1967 with the single "It's Cold Outside".

When Cyrus Erie and the Choir disbanded at the end of the 1960s, Carmen, Bryson, Bonfanti, and Smalley teamed up to form the Raspberries, a rock and roll band that was among the chief exponents of the early 1970s power pop style. Carmen was the lead singer of the group, and wrote or co-wrote all their hit songs. In 1975, after the breakup of the Raspberries, he started his solo career, de-emphasizing harder rock elements in favor of soft rock and power ballads.

In 2004, Carmen, along with original Raspberries members Jim Bonfanti, Wally Bryson, and Dave Smalley, re-formed the band for a series of sold-out live performances in cities across the United States. On that tour, the Raspberries recorded a live album of their hits at the House of Blues on Sunset Strip, in West Hollywood. Both the show and album received critical acclaim.

Solo career
Carmen's first two solo singles were chart hits in 1976. Both were built around themes by Sergei Rachmaninoff. The first of these singles, "All by Myself" – based on Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 2 – hit number 2 in the United States, and number 12 in the United Kingdom where it was his only charting hit. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc by the R.I.A.A. in April 1976. The follow-up single, "Never Gonna Fall in Love Again" – based on the main theme of the third movement of Rachmaninoff's Symphony No. 2 – reached number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100, and hit number one on the US Adult Contemporary Chart, as well as number nine on the Cash Box chart. In the UK, Dana took it to number 31 and in Australia Mark Holden took it to number 13. Those two songs featured on his 1975 self-titled debut album, along with "That's Rock and Roll", a number 3 hit single for singer Shaun Cassidy. The album made number 21 on the Billboard album chart and was certified gold in 1977 for sales of more than 500,000 copies.

Carmen's second album, Boats Against the Current, was released in the summer of 1977 to mixed reviews. It featured backup players such as Burton Cummings, Andrew Gold, Bruce Johnston and Nigel Olsson. The album spent 13 weeks on the Billboard album chart, peaking at number 45. It also produced the top 20 single "She Did It", but the title track only managed to scrape the bottom of the chart. The title track was later covered by Olivia Newton-John on her album Totally Hot. A third single taken from the album, "Marathon Man", became his first solo single not to hit the Billboard Hot 100 chart. However, Shaun Cassidy again made the top 10 in 1978 with Carmen's "Hey Deanie". For several weeks in the fall of 1977, Carmen had three compositions charting concurrently on the Billboard Hot 100; Cassidy's two big hits and Carmen's own "She Did It".

Carmen followed up with two more albums. Despite declining chart fortunes, the single "Change of Heart" broke into the top 20, and reached number 6 on the AC chart in late 1978, with this hit also being covered by Samantha Sang on her Emotion LP. In 1980, he released the album Tonight You're Mine with its lead single "It Hurts Too Much" (number 75 Billboard Hot 100).

In 1984, Carmen and Dean Pitchford co-wrote "Almost Paradise", the love theme from the film Footloose. The song, performed by Ann Wilson and Mike Reno, peaked at No. 7 on the Billboard Hot 100.

In 1985, Carmen resurfaced on Geffen Records with a second self-titled album and a sizable comeback hit, "I Wanna Hear It from Your Lips". The single hit the Adult Contemporary top 10 as well as the Pop top 40. The follow-up single, "I'm Through with Love", also climbed the Billboard Hot 100 and reached the top 20 of the Adult Contemporary chart. Another track from the album, "Maybe My Baby", later became a country hit for Louise Mandrell reaching number 8 on Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart. "I Wanna Hear It from Your Lips" was also covered by Mandrell, but only managed to peak at No. 35 on the same chart.

In 1987, Carmen's contribution to the hit film Dirty Dancing, "Hungry Eyes", hit number 2 on the Adult Contemporary chart and also returned him to the Pop top 10. "Reason to Try", a further contribution to the One Moment in Time compilation album of songs recorded for the 1988 Seoul Summer Olympics, kept Carmen's profile high in 1988, during which the nostalgic "Make Me Lose Control" also returned him to the number one position on the Adult Contemporary chart – where it stayed for three straight weeks – as well as number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100. Following a final minor chart hit in 1988 with "Reason to Try", from an Olympics-themed compilation album, Carmen's career was largely inactive for a decade.

The year 2000 saw the stateside release of I Was Born to Love You, which had been released in 1998 in Japan as Winter Dreams. Carmen eschewed the use of a band on the recording, playing most of the instruments and programming the drum parts himself. The album did not find a large audience, but Carmen continued to enjoy success placing songs with other artists over the years. In 2000, he toured with Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band.

On December 24, 2013, the first new recording in over 15 years by Carmen titled "Brand New Year" was released. The track, written and recorded in November and December 2013 in Ohio and Los Angeles, was issued as a free download by Legacy Recordings as a special "Christmas gift", to herald the March 2014 arrival of a 30-track career retrospective entitled The Essential Eric Carmen.

Personal life
Carmen was married three times: to Marcy Hill from 1978 to 1979; to Susan Brown, with whom he had two children, from 1993 to 2009; and to former newscaster Amy Murphy from 2016 until his death in 2024.

Carmen moved from Los Angeles back to Gates Mills in northeast Ohio in the 1990s.

Death
On March 11, 2024, Carmen's wife Amy announced that he had died in his sleep over the previous weekend at the age of 74. No cause or location of death was given.

title: Eric Carmen


text:
Hope (disambiguation)

Hope is an attitude which combines desire with expectation.

Hope or HOPE may also refer to:

Theology and mythology

 * Hope (virtue), one of the three theological virtues in Christian tradition
 * Elpis (mythology), the Greek goddess of hope

Canada

 * Hope, British Columbia
 * Hope Mountain, British Columbia
 * Hope, Ontario
 * Hope, Quebec
 * Hope Town, Quebec

United Kingdom

 * Hope, Derbyshire, England
 * Hope, Flintshire, Wales

United States

 * Hope, Alaska
 * Hope, Arizona
 * Hope, Arkansas, the birthplace of former US president Bill Clinton
 * Hope, Idaho
 * Hope, Illinois
 * Hope, Indiana
 * Hope, Kansas
 * Hope, Kentucky
 * Hope, Maine
 * Hope, Michigan
 * Hope, Missouri
 * Hope, New Jersey
 * Hope, New Mexico
 * Hope, New York
 * Hope, North Dakota
 * Hope, Ohio
 * Hope, Providence, Rhode Island, a neighborhood
 * Hope, Dane County, Wisconsin
 * Hope, U.S. Virgin Islands, a settlement

Other places

 * Hope Crater, Mars; see List of craters on Mars: H–N
 * Hope Bay, Trinity Peninsula, Antarctica
 * Hope Harbour, Falkland Islands
 * Cape Hope, Greenland
 * Hope Bay, Jamaica
 * Hope, New Zealand
 * Hope Valley (disambiguation)
 * Hope Island (disambiguation)
 * Hope River (disambiguation)
 * Hope Township (disambiguation)
 * Hope Historic District (disambiguation)

People

 * Hope (given name), a given name
 * Hope (surname), a surname

Literature

 * Hope (Clapham novel), a 2002 novel based on the TV series Dr Who
 * Hope (Deighton novel), a 1995 novel in the Faith, Hope, and Charity trilogy by Len Deighton
 * Hope!!, 2002 manga comic chapter, see list of One Piece chapters (187–388)

Film

 * Hope (1922 film), a film starring Mary Astor
 * Hope (1997 film), a TV film starring Jena Malone
 * Hope (2006 film), a Telugu film directed by Satish Kasetty
 * Hope (2011 film), a Canadian film
 * Hope (2013 film), a South Korean film
 * Hope (2014 film), a French film
 * Hope (2019 film), a Norwegian film
 * Hope (2022 film), an Indian Kannada-language film

Fictional characters

 * Hope Summers (character), in the Marvel Comics universe
 * Hope (Xena), in the TV series Xena: Warrior Princess
 * Hope Bauer, in the American soap opera Guiding Light
 * Hope Williams Brady, in the American soap opera Days of Our Lives

Music

 * Hope Recordings, a UK record label

Groups

 * Hope (American band), a 1969–1972 Christian rock group
 * Hope (English group), a 2007–2009 girl group, finalists in series 4 of The X Factor

Albums

 * Hope (The Blackout album) or the title song, 2011
 * Hope (Harem Scarem album) or the title song, 2008
 * Hope (Hillsong album), 2003
 * Hope (Hugh Masekela album), 1994
 * Hope (Klaatu album) or the title song, 1977
 * Hope (Manchester Orchestra album), 2014
 * Hope (Meg Mac album) or the title song, 2019
 * Hope (NF album), 2023
 * Hope (Non-Prophets album), 2003
 * Hope (Shamir album) or the title song, 2017
 * Hope (Silent Border album) or the title song, 2007
 * Hope (The Strumbellas album), 2016
 * Hope (Susan Boyle album), 2014
 * Hope (Swallow the Sun album) or the title song, 2007
 * Hope (Toshiko Akiyoshi album) or the title song (see below), 2006
 * Hope (War Child album), a compilation produced by the UK charity, 2003
 * Hope, by Betty Buckley, 2018
 * Hope, by iamnot, 2017
 * Hope, by Michael English, 1993
 * Hope, by Sigma, or the title song, 2022
 * Hope, by Third Party, 2017

EPs

 * Hope (Hawthorne Heights EP) or the title song, 2012
 * Hope (Palace Songs EP), 1994
 * Hope, by Dream On, Dreamer, 2010

Songs

 * "Hope" (The Chainsmokers song), 2018
 * "Hope" (David Campbell song), 2003
 * "Hope" (Jack Johnson song), 2008
 * "Hope" (NF song), 2023
 * "Hope" (Our Lady Peace song), 1994
 * "Hope" (Stefan song), 2021
 * "Hope" (Toshiko Akiyoshi song), 2006
 * "Hope" (Twista song), 2004
 * "Hope" (XXXTentacion song), 2018
 * "Hope" (instrumental), by Rush, 2007
 * "Hatikvah" ("The Hope"), the national anthem of Israel
 * "Onara" (song), or "Hope", the theme song for the Korean television series Dae Jang Geum, 2003
 * "Hope", by Alien Ant Farm from Truant, 2003
 * "Hope", by Apocalyptica from Cult, 2000
 * "Hope", by Avail from Satiate, 1992
 * "Hope", by Björk from Volta, 2007
 * "Hope", by Boris from Attention Please, 2011
 * "Hope", by Descendents from Milo Goes to College, 1982
 * "Hope", by Fat Freddy's Drop from Based on a True Story, 2005
 * "Hope", by Five for Fighting from Slice, 2010
 * "Hope", by Gaëtan Roussel from Trafic, 2018
 * "Hope", by Golden Earring from Seven Tears, 1971
 * "Hope", by Nas from Hip Hop Is Dead, 2006
 * "Hope", by R.E.M. from Up, 1998
 * "Hope", by Sevendust from Chapter VII: Hope & Sorrow, 2008
 * "Hope", by Shaggy from Hot Shot, 2000
 * "Hope", by Shinedown from Planet Zero, 2022
 * "Hope", by Strapping Young Lad from The New Black, 2006
 * "Hope", by Take That from Wonderland, 2017
 * "Hope", by the Weather Girls from Success, 1983
 * "Hope", by We Came As Romans from Tracing Back Roots, 2013
 * "Hope", from the musical Zorro, 2008
 * "Hoping", by X Ambassadors, 2017

Visual art

 * Hope (Burne-Jones), an 1896 painting by Edward Burne-Jones
 * Hope (Pollaiuolo), a 1470 painting by Piero del Pollaiuolo
 * Hope (Watts), an 1886 painting by George Frederic Watts
 * Hope I, a 1903 painting by Gustav Klimt
 * Hope II, a 1907–1908 painting by Gustav Klimt
 * Barack Obama "Hope" poster, a 2008 image designed by Shepard Fairey

Other arts and media

 * Hope Channel, an international Seventh-day Adventist TV network
 * Hope! – Das Obama Musical, a German musical based on the life of US president Barack Obama
 * Hope Theatre, an English Renaissance theatre built in London in 1614

Computing and science

 * Hope (programming language), a small functional programming language
 * Hackers on Planet Earth, a biennial conference series sponsored by the magazine 2600: The Hacker Quarterly
 * Hamburg Ocean Primitive Equation General Circulation Model, one of the ocean circulation models

Education

 * Hope College, Holland, Michigan, US
 * Hope High School (disambiguation)
 * Hope International University, Fullerton, California, US
 * HOPE Scholarship, a university scholarship program in Georgia, US
 * Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom

Law and government

 * Hope (political party), in Slovakia
 * Hawaii's Opportunity Probation with Enforcement
 * Lespwa (Haitian Creole for Hope), a Haitian political coalition

Medicine and charity

 * Health Oriented Preventive Education (HOPE), a Pakistan NGO which provides the poor with health and education services

Ships

 * Hope (ship), several vessels
 * HMS Hope, several ships of the Royal Navy
 * SS Hope, an American hospital ship
 * USS Hope, several ships of the US Navy

Space flight

 * HOPE-X, a cancelled Japanese experimental spaceplane
 * Hope Mars Mission, a space exploration probe by the United Arab Emirates launched in 2020
 * Human Outer Planet Exploration, a 2003 NASA proposal for exploring the Galilean moons of Jupiter

Other transportation

 * Hope Motor Company, a Japanese car company
 * Hope Aerodrome, Canada
 * Hope railway station (disambiguation)

Other uses

 * Hope (Gardner, Louisiana), an historic house in the US
 * Hope (dolphin), a dolphin and subject of the 2014 movie Dolphin Tale 2
 * Hope Diamond
 * Hope Lodge (disambiguation)
 * Hope (cigarette), a Japanese brand of cigarette

title: Hope (disambiguation)


text:
Three Sisters Recreation Area

Three Sisters Recreation Area is located in Bryn, Ashton-in-Makerfield, Greater Manchester, England. In 2011 it was designated a Local Nature Reserve.

The area was reclaimed from three coal mining spoil tips and an old golf course during the 1970s and now comprises a large area of woodlands and ponds. It has become a flagship example of brownfield regeneration in Greater Manchester. The site also contains a popular motorsport race circuit, used mainly by karts. During the 1980s and 1990s Three Sisters also had a popular BMX track, featuring the Wigan Whoops and King Kong obstacles.

title: Three Sisters Recreation Area


text:
Michelle Chong

Michelle Chong (born 22 April 1977) is a Singaporean actress, comedian, host, filmmaker, digital content producer and businesswoman. She left Mediacorp in 2011 to set up the media agency Left Profile and production house Huat Films. To date, she has produced, written and directed 3 mainstream films, the first of which, Already Famous, was chosen as Singapore’s entry for Best Foreign Film at the Academy Awards in 2013. Chong is known for her versatility and comedic performances in satire shows such as The Noose and more recently for her online personas "Ah Lian", "Venus Seow" and "Emily 爱美丽" etc from The Michelle Chong Channel on YouTube.

Early life
Chong studied in CHIJ St Nicholas Girls' School, Dunman High School and Victoria Junior College where she took drama as a subject. Her drama teacher recommended her to Bates College, a top liberal arts college in Maine, USA where she studied theatre for a year. She also subsequently studied in the National University of Singapore.

Career
She was voted by FHM readers as one of the world's top 30 sexiest women in 2002 and 2003.

Chong won the Elle Actress of the Year Award (2008) and the Asian Television Awards' (ATV) Best Comedy Performance (Highly Commended) Award (2008) for her portrayal of Beh Li Choo, a butcher in the popular Peranakan dramedy, Sayang Sayang. Chong is also known for portraying a celebrity maid, Leticia Bongnino.

In 2011, Chong took seven months of sabbatical leave to set up her own film company, Huat Films, and produced her first film as director, screenwriter and actress: Already Famous starred her, Taiwanese singer Alien Huang as well as other local celebrities who were cameo appearances in the film.

In 2012, Chong started artiste management agency Left Profile, which manages her, Pornsak and Lee Teng.

Already Famous was selected as the Singaporean entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 85th Academy Awards, but it did not make the final shortlist.

Variety show

 * 1999
 * 1999 High-Revs

 * 2000
 * 2000 Crimewatch

 * 2002
 * Happy Rules 开心就好
 * Mars Vs Venus 男人女人 Oh Yeah
 * Open Sesame 芝麻开门客人来

 * 2003
 * Bon Voyage 一路风光
 * Oooh! 元气大搜查
 * XXXtraordinary 少见多怪
 * Mission Possible 地球无界限

 * 2004
 * Miss Singapore Universe 2004 Finals 新加坡环球小姐选美大决赛 2004
 * All In NETS NETS 有钱坤
 * New City Beat 品味动感辣辣辣
 * Carlsberg World of Friends 好友满天下
 * President’s Star Charity 2004
 * Eye For A Guy

 * 2005
 * Fortune Festival at Giant 爱上Giant过肥年
 * Lunar New Year Show
 * Life Scent 花花都市
 * Be A Giant Star 2005 Giant点星光 2005
 * Star Choice 街头美食星
 * Made In Singapore 出奇制胜
 * The Cancer Charity Show 2005 癌过有晴天 2005
 * Wish You Were Here
 * The Sky Symphony Countdown 2006

 * 2006
 * PSC Night 普威之夜
 * Battle of The Best 5 强中自有强中手5
 * My Star Guide 我的导游是明星 (season 1)
 * Trivio Trove 2 不说你不知 2
 * Life Scent 2 花花都市 2
 * Seoul Far Seoul Good
 * Rated:E
 * She's The One 亮丽俏佳人

 * 2007
 * ChongQing Discovery 麻辣重庆
 * Sweets for my Sweet
 * Adonis Beauty Charter Box ADONIS 美丽论谈
 * Welcome to Taiwan 铁定台湾
 * PSC Night 2007 赢万金游万里 2007
 * The Noose season 1

 * 2008
 * Lets Party With Food 5 食福满人间V
 * Sweets for My Sweet 2
 * The Noose Season 2
 * Energy Savers 省电家族
 * Haircare 101 草药护发101
 * Haircare 101 2 草药护发101 II
 * F&B Heroes 餐饮英雄榜
 * National Day Parade 2008
 * New Foreigner in Town

Theatre

 * 1995
 * The Bald Soprano

 * 1996
 * The Blue Hibiscus

 * 1999
 * Love is Not Puttu Mayam
 * Joy Luck Club
 * PIE
 * Ah Kong’s Birthday Party

 * 2000
 * Midsummer Night’s Dream 仲夏夜之梦
 * Travelling Light
 * Is This Our Stop?
 * Oleanna
 * The Theory of Everything

 * 2001
 * Oleanna
 * The Theory of Everything

title: Michelle Chong


text:
Talk:Intel 80186

Reference
Here is a reference showing that the original Gateway Handbook never used an Intel 80186, direct form their web site: Samboy 19:50, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Objection: "UD2  Generate invalid opcode exception"
Here is a reference that 80186 did not introduce UD2 instruction:

Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual, Volume 2: Instruction Set Reference Manual (Order# 243191, Rev 001, year 1997)

Direct link: http://developer.intel.com/design/pentium/manuals/24319101.pdf ( Found here: http://www.x86.org/intel.doc/186manuals.htm

Link above is dead now. below closest match. https://web.archive.org/web/20070722172514/http://x86.ddj.com/intel.doc/186manuals.htm User:EdAr713 ) page 3-9 (page #39)

says: 1. The UD2 instruction was introduced in the Pentium Pro processor.

My guess is that 80186 introduced the exception, not instruction. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Listic (talk • contribs) 13:42, 12 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, the 186 added the exception, they did not reserve the ud2 opcode for anything until the Pentium Pro. Still, ud2 wasn't used for anything before the Pentium Pro and generated a #UD exception since the 186. Basically, ud2 always generated an invalid opcode, but before the Pentium Pro, it was just another reserved opcode that future processors may use for something. After the Pentium Pro, ud2 was reserved for the purpose of generating a #UD exception and will do that on all future processors. System86 (talk) 14:30, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

Rename article?
I don't think "Intel 80186 (microarchitecture)" is a good title for this article since it is assymetrical with the articles on other Intel chips, and more importantly, the article isn't (just) about "microarchtecture". --Wtshymanski (talk) 13:14, 21 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Intel introduced a separation between brand name and chip designation only with the Pentium (P5/P54/P55/...), adding "microarchitecture" to the title has no significance for anything before that because the marketing name is the same as the name of the microarchitecture and of the specific chip. Similarly, I think we should also revert the split of the "Westmere" article out of "Nehalem". There is very little that makes sense to be described for all Westmere CPUs (Gulftown, Arrandale, Westmere-EX, ...) that is not already covered in the article about the microarchitecture or the chip models. Arndbergmann (talk) 13:34, 21 August 2012 (UTC)

 * While you are at it, can you take care that the other renamed articles (Intel 80286, 80386, 80486) get renamed back as well? Thanks. --Matthiaspaul (talk) 16:09, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Done, though I haven't checked the whole Intel phylum yet. --Wtshymanski (talk) 19:44, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks. --Matthiaspaul (talk) 08:20, 23 August 2012 (UTC)

Pronunciation
Does anyone have any source for these assertions? In my experience it is invariably referred to digit by digit ("eight oh one eight six"). "Eighty one eighty six" in particular is confusing since it naturally suggest 8186, ie. the zero goes missing. Including those specific expansions suggest they are the only correct one and anything else is wrong. That seems a hell of stretch without a source. I suggest removing them it their entirety. Justin Urquhart Stewart (talk) 21:58, 1 August 2015 (UTC)

Indifference
I got one of these. It's alright, very quick. It's just not very different, just very different than yours. I suppose people will get the wrong idea about next-gen computers, these aren't them. I just wish there was more material out there when dealing with the Intel Core issues. It's been a long time since the release of windows 1.0 2.0 3.0 & 3.11 etc. I currently run windows ten professional. I'm all about modem speed to tell you the truth, staying away from isdn and all that. I hope that brings up some current topic as to where all the 'real' stuff is. As for all those things, they are pretty much on your disc, but that is a copyright infringement. I wonder how it got this way? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:301:7751:2D0:B4CA:BAAA:AD4E:39CA (talk) 00:25, 4 July 2016 (UTC)

Merge from Intel 80188
This variant can be covered in a subsection of this article. ~Kvng (talk) 14:39, 14 August 2023 (UTC)

 * no I think they are distinct enough to be 2 articles. The 8086 and 8088 are 2406:2D40:441E:5600:5D5C:44C0:9F63:E21 (talk) 13:10, 5 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Merge - virtually identical chips. As for the counterpoint listed above, the 8088 would have been a mostly unnotable variant of the 8086 except for IBM oddly picking the slower variant for their first PC. If someone wanted to merge those two, I'd support that too. KelleyCook (talk) 17:28, 22 October 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ Klbrain (talk) 18:02, 17 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Intel 80186


text:
Hirohiko Araki

Toshiyuki Araki (荒木 利之), better known as Hirohiko Araki (荒木 飛呂彦), is a Japanese manga artist. He is best known for his long-running series JoJo's Bizarre Adventure, which began publication in Weekly Shōnen Jump in 1987 and has over 120 million copies in circulation, making it one of the best-selling manga series in history.

Early life
Araki grew up in Sendai, Japan with his parents and younger identical twin sisters. He cites his sisters' annoyances as the reason he spent time alone in his room reading manga, naming Ai to Makoto as the most important one to him. He supposes that his father's art books were his motive for drawing manga; he was particularly influenced by the work of French artist Paul Gauguin. After a school friend praised his manga, he began secretly drawing manga behind his parents' backs. He submitted his first work to a magazine in his first year of high school. All his submissions were rejected while other artists his age or younger were making successful debuts. He decided to go to the publishers' offices in Tokyo in person to find out why, taking a manga, Poker Under Arms, that he stayed up all-night to finish. The Shueisha editor he met highly criticized the work, but said it had potential and to clean it up for the upcoming Tezuka Awards.

Debut and JoJo's Bizarre Adventure
Araki left Miyagi University of Education before graduating, and made his debut under the name Toshiyuki Araki (荒木 利之) in 1980 with the wild west one-shot Poker Under Arms, which was a "Selected Work" at that year's Tezuka Award. His first serialization was Cool Shock B.T. in 1983, about a young magician who solves mysteries. But the first series to display his signature amount of gore was 1984's Baoh. It tells the story of a man who is implanted with a parasite by an evil organization, giving him superhuman powers, and follows as he fights against them. Baoh was adapted into an OVA in 1989; the manga was released in the US by Viz Media in 1990 (in tankōbon form in 1995), but the OVA didn't get a stateside release until 2002. It wasn't until The Gorgeous Irene in 1985, that his signature art style of buff, muscular characters came into its own, though it would later become more flamboyant.

His next series would become his magnum opus, 1987's JoJo's Bizarre Adventure. The series begins in 1880s England and follows Jonathan Joestar (nicknamed JoJo) and his adopted brother Dio Brando, who eventually tries to kill their father in order to obtain his share of inheritance. When confronted, Dio puts on an ancient mask that turns him into a vampire. Jonathan then learns a breathing technique named Hamon, which grants JoJo various powers to combat Dio. Subsequent arcs of JoJo follow the descendants of the Joestar family, and many are set in different parts of the world. The third and most popular arc, Stardust Crusaders, downplays the vampire story and Hamon technique, instead introducing a new power known as Stands, which remain the focus of the series today. Still being serialized over 30 years later, JoJo's Bizarre Adventure has been adapted into numerous other forms of media and the manga had 120 million collected volumes in print by 2022. From 2011 to 2021, Araki produced JoJolion, the eighth story arc of the series, serialized in Ultra Jump magazine.

Recent work
The September 2007 issue of Cell had a cover drawn by Araki with a ligase represented as one of his Stands. In 2008, Araki drew the cover art for a collection featuring Yasunari Kawabata's short story "The Dancing Girl of Izu". He drew the cover for the limited edition of Base Ball Bear's "Breeeeze Girl" single, which actually takes an image from the JoJo manga.

Also in 2009, Hirohiko Araki was one of five artists selected by the Musée du Louvre to create original works set at the famous museum. His piece Rohan at the Louvre starred JoJo's Rohan Kishibe and was shown at the exhibit titled Le Louvre invite la bande dessinée ("The Louvre Invites Comic-Strip Art"), which was created to show the diversity of comics, from January 19 to April 13. Rohan at the Louvre was highly praised. The following year, Rohan at the Louvre was published in France and ran in Japan's Ultra Jump. It was released in the US by NBM Publishing in February 2012.

From September 17 to October 6, 2011, the Gucci store in Shinjuku hosted the Gucci x Hirohiko Araki x Spur "Rohan Kishibe Goes to Gucci" Exhibition, a collaboration between the luxury Italian clothing brand, JoJo's creator, and the fashion magazine Spur. The exhibit celebrated the 90th anniversary of Gucci and featured a life-size figure of Rohan Kishibe, as well as numerous illustrations by Araki; including actual pieces of the brand's own 2011-2012 fall/winter collection and his own original fashion designs. For Spur, Araki drew Kishibe Rohan meets Gucci., a full-color one-shot featuring Rohan Kishibe that ran in its October 2011 issue. Spur once again ran a JoJo spinoff by Araki, Jolyne, Fly High with Gucci starring Jolyne Cujoh from Part 6, in their February 2013 issue. A free English translation is available on Gucci's Facebook page.

To raise awareness of the ongoing reconstruction efforts of the Hiraizumi ruins, that were damaged by the March 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami and declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in June, Araki drew artwork depicting the ruins. A "Hirohiko Araki JoJo Exhibition" opened in Araki's native Sendai at the end of July 2012 to celebrate the 25th anniversary of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure, it then moved to Tokyo in October.

He drew the album cover for Sayuri Ishikawa's 2012 album X -Cross-, where she performs one of the series' iconic poses and is drawn wearing jewelry from the manga, the cover of the 2012 reprint of Tamaki Saitō's Lacan for Surviving, and the cover of the 2015 compilation album for composer Akira Senju.

A book explaining Araki's methodology on creating manga, titled Manga in Theory and Practice (荒木飛呂彦の漫画術), was released on April 17, 2015, in Japan; an English translation was later released on June 6, 2017. A stage adaptation of Araki's 1994 one-shot Under Execution, Under Jailbreak ran from November 20 to 29, 2015, at the Galaxy Theatre, then touring the country in December. The play also included elements of his 1996 one-shot Dolce, and His Master.

Araki created an official poster for the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics, titled The Sky above The Great Wave off the Coast of Kanagawa. The piece is heavily inspired by Hokusai's famous woodblock print, The Great Wave off Kanagawa.

Manga

 * The Bottle (ザ・ボトル)
 * Poker Under Arms (武装ポーカー)
 * Outlaw Man (アウトロー・マン)
 * Say Hi to Virginia (バージニアによろしく)
 * B.T. "The Wicked Boy" (魔少年ビーティー)
 * Cool Shock B.T. (魔少年ビーティー)
 * Baoh (バオー来訪者)
 * The Gorgeous Irene (ゴージャス☆アイリン)
 * The Lives of Eccentrics (変人偏屈列伝)
 * Under Execution, Under Jailbreak (死刑執行中脱獄進行中)
 * Dolce, and His Master. (ドルチ ～ダイ・ハード・ザ・キャット～)

JoJo's Bizarre Adventure

 * JoJo's Bizarre Adventure (ジョジョの奇妙な冒険)
 * Thus Spoke Kishibe Rohan (岸辺露伴は動かない) (Spin-off of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure)
 * Deadman's Questions (デッドマンズQ) (Spin-off of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure)
 * Oingo Boingo Brothers Adventure (オインゴとボインゴ兄弟 大冒険) (Spin-off of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure)
 * Rohan at the Louvre (岸辺露伴 ルーヴルへ行く) (Spin-off of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure)
 * Kishibe Rohan meets Gucci. (岸辺露伴 グッチへ行く) (Spin-off of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure)
 * Jolyne, Fly High with Gucci (徐倫、GUCCIで飛ぶ) (Spin-off of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure)

Other

 * Famicom Jump II: Saikyō no Shichinin (February 1991, seventh boss monster design)
 * Kamedas (1993, an alternate story of Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari Kōen-mae Hashutsujo, an illustration)
 * JoJo's Bizarre Adventure (November 4, 1993, novel written by Mayori Sekijima and Hiroshi Yamaguchi, illustrated by Araki)
 * JoJo 6251 (December 10, 1993, art and guidebook)
 * JoJo A-Go!Go! (February 25, 2000, artbook)
 * Music is the Key of Life (December 13, 2000, album by Sugiurumn, cover)
 * GioGio's Bizarre Adventure II: Golden Heart/Golden Ring (May 28, 2001, novel written by Gichi Ōtsuka and Tarō Miyashō, supervised and illustrated by Araki)
 * Life Ground Music (February 27, 2002, album by Sugiurumn, cover)
 * Spy! Boy Alex series of Her Majesty the Queen (2002, cover)
 * Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari Kōen-mae Hashutsujo (2006, 30th anniversary special illustration)
 * "Catwalk" (April 26, 2006, single by Soul'd Out, cover)
 * Uniqlo (2006, T-shirt design)
 * Fist of the North Star (2006, special tribute illustration in Weekly Comic Bunch)
 * Cell (September 7, 2007, front cover)
 * The Book: JoJo's Bizarre Adventure 4th Another Day (November 26, 2007, novel written by Otsuichi, supervised and illustrated by Arashi)
 * "The Dancing Girl of Izu" (2008, cover)
 * "Breeeeze Girl" (June 24, 2009, a single by Base Ball Bear, cover of the limited edition)
 * Naruto (2009, tenth anniversary special illustration)
 * Shameless Purple Haze: Purple Haze Feedback (September 16, 2011, novel written by Kouhei Kadono, illustrated by Araki)
 * JoJo's Bizarre Adventure Over Heaven (December 16, 2011, novel written by Nisio Isin, cover)
 * JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Part 3' (February 5, 2019, cover)
 * Ikinobiru tame no Lacan (Lacan for Survival) (2012, Tamaki Saitō book about Jacques Lacan, cover of the paperback edition)
 * Jorge Joestar (September 19, 2012, novel written by Ōtarō Maijō, illustrated by Araki)
 * X -Cross- (September 19, 2012, an album by Sayuri Ishikawa, cover)
 * Hirohiko Araki Works 1981-2012 (2012, artbook)
 * JoJomenon (October 5, 2012, artbook)
 * JoJoveller (September 19, 2013, artbook set)
 * JoJonium (December 4, 2013 - March 4, 2015, covers of the large format rerelease of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure)
 * Loopified [Japanese Complete Edition] (October 8, 2014, album by Dirty Loops, cover)
 * Main Themes (February 25, 2015, an album by Akira Senju, cover)
 * Manga in Theory and Practice (荒木飛呂彦の漫画術)
 * Stormbreaker (novel, illustrations for Fantasy Press)
 * Learning Japanese History Through Manga, Volume 2 (October 28, 2016, cover)
 * Learning Japanese History Through Manga, Volume 18 (October 28, 2016, cover)
 * UOMO (August 24, 2018, cover)
 * The Sky above The Great Wave off the Coast of Kanagawa (2020 Tokyo Paralympics poster)

title: Hirohiko Araki


text:
Simpsons Bible Stories

"Simpsons Bible Stories" is the eighteenth episode of the tenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on Fox in the United States on Easter Sunday, April 4, 1999. It is the first of The Simpsons' now annual trilogy episodes, and consists of four self-contained segments. In the episode, the Simpson family falls asleep during a sermon in church. Marge dreams that she and Homer are Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, Lisa dreams that she and her fellow Springfield Elementary School students are Hebrew slaves in Ancient Egypt and guides Moses to lead them to freedom, Homer dreams that he is King Solomon called to resolve a dispute between Lenny and Carl over the ownership of a pie, and Bart dreams he is King David, who has to fight Goliath's son, Goliath II.

"Simpsons Bible Stories" was written by Matt Selman, Larry Doyle and Tim Long, and was the first episode Nancy Kruse directed for The Simpsons. While executive producer and former showrunner Mike Scully stated that the idea for the episode came after Fox requested an Easter-themed episode, co-writer Selman argued that it was conceived by former staff writers Dan Greaney and Donick Cary while they were pitching ideas for the tenth season. Because the episode mostly takes place outside Springfield, the animators had to design completely new sets. While the episode mostly features references to the Old Testament and Christianity, it also parodies children's television programs, American politicians and action films by Jerry Bruckheimer.

In its original broadcast, the episode was seen by approximately 12.2 million viewers, Following its broadcast, the episode received mixed reviews from critics, but won an Annie award in the category of Best Animated Television Production.

In 2007, the episode was released as part of The Simpsons - The Complete Tenth Season DVD box set, and a promotional poster for the episode was included in an exhibition in Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The episode's ending scene is one of series creator Matt Groening's favorite moments on The Simpsons. The episode has been credited with fostering a critical literacy towards religion and the Bible among its viewers.

Plot
It is an unseasonably hot Easter at church, and no one is interested in Reverend Lovejoy's sermons. When the collection plate is passed around, Homer puts in a chocolate Easter bunny that he found in the dumpster, enraging Reverend Lovejoy, calling it a wicked idol, and provoking him to read the Bible from the beginning. The Simpsons all fall asleep.

Marge's dream
Marge dreams that she and Homer are Adam and Eve. They peacefully live in the Garden of Eden until a snake (Snake Jailbird) tempts Adam into eating dozens of apples from the forbidden tree. He persuades Eve to try one when God (Ned Flanders) witnesses his sin. Even though Adam ate many apples, God only caught Eve eating an apple, and she is therefore banished from the Garden of Eden. Adam is unwilling to come clean, but misses Eve and thinks of a way of getting her back in by digging a tunnel with the help of some of the animals. God's unicorn, named Gary, becomes exhausted from the digging and dies just before God catches Adam trying to smuggle Eve back into the Garden. The death of the unicorn enrages him further, and he expels them both from the Garden of Eden.

Lisa's dream
Lisa imagines she and all the other Springfield Elementary students are Hebrews in ancient Egypt, with the Pharaoh (Principal Skinner) making them build a pyramid. Only Moses (Milhouse) can liberate the Hebrews. When Bart defaces the Pharaoh's sarcophagus, supposedly incited by the burning bush, he gets the other students punished. Lisa and Moses ask Skinner to let the Hebrews go but they are rejected when he shouts "You call yourselves slaves!" To radicalize their request for freedom, Lisa helps Moses produce plagues to scare the Pharaoh into freeing the Israelites, but they fail. This in turn gets Lisa and Moses thrown in the Pyramid's booby traps. When they escape, Moses gathers all the students and they attempt to leave. After a brief moment of thinking about allowing the Hebrews to go free, Skinner shouts "After them!". When they reach the sea, Lisa has an idea to get across: They simultaneously flush all the Egyptians' toilets to drain the sea. As they cross, the Pharaoh and his guards follow them into the "temporarily dry sea", but the water fills the sea back up and swallows them. They enjoy splashing each other, and then return to the shore. Pleased that they have escaped, Moses asks Lisa what the future holds for the Israelites, but Lisa disappoints Moses when she says that they have to wander the desert for forty years. Moses then asks if it is going to be smooth sailing for the Jews after that. Rather than disappoint Moses again with news of the ongoing anti-Semitism that will plague the Jews for many centuries, she distracts the crowd by sending them to search for manna.

Homer's dream
Homer pictures himself as King Solomon. Lenny and Carl fight over ownership of a pie. Solomon cuts it in half, sentences Lenny and Carl to death, and then eats the pie, before presiding over a civil case between Jesus and Checker Chariot.

Bart's dream
Bart sees himself as King David, who kills Goliath, but has not won the war yet: Nelson is Goliath's son, Goliath II, who has killed Methuselah (Grampa), David's oldest friend in revenge. In retaliation, David challenges Goliath II, but having no stones to sling at him, David loses and is catapulted from the city, but not before cutting Goliath II's hair (as David got him confused with Samson). David then meets Ralph, a shepherd, who claims he can kill Goliath II. After Ralph is presumed dead, David then trains with Ralph's sheep to try to slay Goliath II. Having to climb up the enormous Tower of Babel beforehand (not before finding the remaind Jonah within the remains of the whale that ate him, which was eaten by Goliath II), David manages to subdue Goliath II by throwing a lit lantern down his throat. Goliath II is surprisingly still alive, but is quickly killed by Ralph's gravestone, hurled by Ralph himself, who also survived. Much to his shock, David is sent to jail as the townspeople claim that Goliath II was the best king they ever had, building roads, libraries and hospitals.

Epilogue
As the family wakes up, they find themselves alone in the church. Upon exiting they realize that the Last Judgement has come; fire rains from a red sky, and the Four Horsemen ride past. The Flanders ascend into Heaven, but the Simpsons do not; Lisa begins to ascend, but Homer grabs her leg and pulls her back down. Instead, the Simpsons descend via a staircase into Hell, where Homer follows the delicious scent of barbecue only to be horrified by the lack of junk food as "Highway to Hell" by AC/DC plays over the credits.

Production
"Simpsons Bible Stories" was co-written by Matt Selman, Larry Doyle and Tim Long, and was the first episode Nancy Kruse directed for The Simpsons. It was first broadcast on the Fox network in the United States on April 4, 1999, the day Easter took place that year. According to executive producer and former showrunner Mike Scully, the idea for the episode was conceived when Fox requested an Easter-themed Simpsons episode that would air on the holiday. Normally, Fox would not broadcast any new Simpsons episodes on Easter, as it is considered a "low-ratings night", but "Simpsons Bible Stories" was an exception. However, according to co-writer Selman, the idea for the episode came about when he and former staff writer Dan Greaney were pitching episode ideas for the tenth season with former staff writer Donick Cary. Cary and Greaney suggested a "Bible-trilogy" story, which then became "Simpsons Bible Stories". "Simpsons Bible Stories" is the first of the trilogy episodes which, since the season 12 episode "Simpsons Tall Tales", The Simpsons produces once every season. The first segment was written by Long. According to former staff writer Tom Martin, Long wanted the pig in the garden of Eden to have a "Tony British" accent. The pig was voiced by regular cast member Hank Azaria, who portrays Moe Szyslak among other characters in the series. The unicorn that digs a hole from the garden of Eden was portrayed by Tress MacNeille. The second segment was written by Doyle. The episode's third segment was written by Selman. When writing segments for trilogy episodes, the writing staff usually follow the stories they are based on, while putting The Simpsons characters in the original characters' place. With "Simpsons Bible Stories"' third segment, Selman stated that he wanted to go a "fresh new way" by instead writing a sequel to the story of David and Goliath. According to Scully, Selman had a very clear vision of how he wanted the segment to be, and Selman said that he wanted to make a "dog's breakfast" of movie clichés at the time.

The song that plays during Bart's training montage is "Winner Takes It All" by American rock singer Sammy Hagar. Selman decided to include the song after hearing it in the 1987 action drama film Over the Top. According to Doyle, the scene was originally much longer, almost seven minutes in length. The song that plays during the episode's end credits is "Highway to Hell" by Australian hard rock band AC/DC. According to Scully, the staff could not use the song on The Simpsons at first, since AC/DC's record company refused to sell it. However, when Scully called the band's manager directly, it turned out he had not been told about the request. Scully said that when they asked if they could use "Highway to Hell", the band's manager "signed on right away" and gave the Simpsons staff a "huge discount."

Because most of the episode takes place in ancient history, the animators had to create completely new sets and designs for the episode. In the DVD commentary for the episode, Kruse stated that she and staff animator Alex Ruiz had to re-draw a majority of the episode, as the faulty scenes were drawn by six trainees. In order to receive an animator credit on The Simpsons, an animator has to draw ten scenes in an episode. Because the trainees did not draw ten scenes each, none of them were credited for their work on the episode. All the trainees were later hired to The Simpsons animation staff. Kruse stated that, while animating the episode, she was worried that the animation department would be offended by the episode's content, as many of the crew members were "very religious". However, as animation ensued, she found that most of the animators were not uncomfortable with the episode, as it mostly parodies the Old Testament. The only complaint she received was from an animator who refused to animate Jesus in the court room scene in Homer's dream.

In the DVD commentary for the episode, Scully stated that he regretted not submitting "Simpsons Bible Stories" for the Primetime Emmy Award in the category of animated programming less than one hour in 1999. At the time, Scully reasoned that, because the original stories were not conceived by the writing staff, the episode would not hold up. However, he noted that the episode's animation was "outstanding", and that he later found out that the Emmy awards "put a lot of importance on" the animation in submitted episodes. Instead of submitting "Simpsons Bible Stories" for the Emmy awards in 1999, Scully submitted "Viva Ned Flanders", which ultimately lost to the King of the Hill episode "And They Call It Bobby Love".

Cultural references
"Simpsons Bible Stories" contains several references to the Hebrew prophets, holy book, and the religion as a whole, as well as films based on the Bible. Each segment is based on a biblical story, mostly from the Old Testament. The first segment is based on the story of Adam and Eve, who, according to the Book of Genesis were the first man and woman created by God. Ned Flanders has the role of God, while the serpent that lures Marge into eating an apple from the forbidden tree resembles Snake Jailbird. The Garden of Eden was the place where Adam and Eve lived after they were created by God, according to the Book of Genesis.

The second segment parodies Moses who, according to the Book of Exodus, freed the Israelites from the Egyptian Pharaoh. Milhouse has the role of Moses while Skinner has the role of the Pharaoh. When the Pharaoh asked who vandalized his sarcophagus, the burning bush tells him that Bart did it. When Bart is seized by the Pharaoh's guards, he exclaims "No, the bush set me up!" Bart's line refers to the 1990 arrest of Marion Barry who, while being arrested by the FBI for smoking crack cocaine, exclaimed "No, the bitch set me up!" In a scene in the segment, Milhouse and Lisa can be seen pouring frogs into Skinner's tent. The scene refers to the second of ten Biblical plagues that were imposed on Egypt by God, in chapters 7-12 of the Book of Exodus. While they are inside the torture chamber, Milhouse and Lisa walk past an orb. The orb is called "Orb of Isis" and played a big part in the season 9 episode "Lost Our Lisa". In another scene, Milhouse parts the Red Sea so that his fellow slaves can escape. The execution of the scene is based on the one seen in the 1956 American epic film The Ten Commandments, in which Moses parts the Red Sea. The shot in which Pharaoh and his guards are drowning is also taken from the movie.

In Homer's dream, Homer has the role of King Solomon who, according to the Books of Kings and Book of Chronicles was a King of Israel, as well as one of the 48 prophets according to the Talmud. Bart's dream shows Bart as King David and, rather than telling the story of David and Goliath, Bart's dream is a "sequel" to the story. The segment is inspired by and contains references to several films by Jerry Bruckheimer, including Die Hard and Lethal Weapon, and borrows elements from other action films. At one point in the segment, Bart's dog Santa's Little Helper starts talking to him. The dog's voice is similar to that of Goliath in the stop-motion animated television series Davey and Goliath. Inside the whale skeleton in the episode, Bart finds the remains of Jonah. Jonah was a prophet of the northern kingdom of Israel, according to the Hebrew Bible. Nelson lives in the Tower of Babel which, according to the Book of Genesis, was an enormous tower that the humans built in order to reach heaven. After being defeated by Bart, Nelson reappears while a variation of Modest Mussorgsky's composition St. John's Night on the Bare Mountain plays in the background. At the end of the segment, Bart is arrested and Chief Wiggum says "Where's your messiah now?" Wiggum's line was also taken from The Ten Commandments, from a character played by Edward G. Robinson, on whom Wiggum's voice is based. King David's (Bart) training montage of arm-wrestling with his sheep is a reference to the film Over the Top, complete with Sammy Hagar's "Winner Takes It All" from the film.

Release and reception
In its original American broadcast on April 4, 1999, "Simpsons Bible Stories" received a 7.4 Nielsen rating, translating to approximately 7.4 million viewers. The rating is based on the number of household televisions that were tuned into the show, but Nielsen Media Research estimated that 12.2 million viewers watched the episode, a considerable drop from the previous episode, which was seen by an estimated 15.5 million viewers. David Bianculli of New York Daily News attributed the loss in viewership to the fact that the episode aired on a religious holiday. Nevertheless, it was the week's second most watched program on the network.

Later that year, the episode received an Annie award in the category of Best Animated Television Production, the second year in a row that The Simpsons won the award.

On August 7, 2007, "Simpsons Bible Stories" was released as part of The Simpsons - The Complete Tenth Season DVD box set. Matt Groening, Mike Scully, George Meyer, Tom Martin, Larry Doyle, Matt Selman and Nancy Kruse participated in the DVD's audio commentary of the episode.

Following its broadcast, "Simpsons Bible Stories" received mixed reviews from critics. Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood of I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide wrote that the episode is "A fantastic twist of the Treehouse of Horror style of storytelling," and added that each segment is a "classic on its own". They wrote that Wiggum telling Moses and Lisa to give his regards to the British Museum as he seals them inside a tomb and Marge asking Bart if he is wearing clean underwear as they face the apocalypse were some of the episode's "best moments", and concluded by writing that the episode is "The Simpsons at its very best: inventive, irreverent and very, very funny."

While DVD Town's James Plath wrote that the episode's premise was "risky", he still enjoyed the episode.

Alan Sepinwall and Matt Zoller Seitz of The Star-Ledger described the episode as "hilarious", however they noted that the episode's "suggestion that Moses parted the Red Sea by having all the Israelites flush their toilets at once" could result in a backlash from the "religious right".

On the other hand, giving the episode a negative review, DVD Movie Guide's Colin Jacobson wrote that "Simpsons Bible Stories" "proves less successful [than most Treehouse of Horror episodes]". He added that he "just think the brevity required by the inclusion of three separate tales better suits the world of horror spoofs than it does these Bible pieces," as they "try to pack an awful lot into very little time." He concluded by writing that, while the episode has "some good moments", he did not find a lot of entertainment in it.

Aaron Roxby of Collider described "Simpsons Bible Stories" as his least-favorite trilogy episode, and wrote "Considering that, in earlier seasons, the show had some of the most thoughtfully edgy religious humor on television, this one feels surprisingly toothless." However, he gave praise to the talking pig in the Garden of Eden.

At the end of the episode, the Simpsons walk out of the church and notice that the Apocalypse has begun. While the other family members are left on earth, Lisa at first starts ascending into Heaven, but Homer stops her by grabbing her leg and says "Where do you think you're going, missy?" The gag was written by staff writer George Meyer, and is series creator Matt Groening's favorite joke of the series. While the episode's ending is one of Groening's favorites, fans were uneasy with it. Selman stated that the ending "drives them [the fans] crazy", since they do not know whether or not the episode is canonical.

In 2007, Homer's line "Oh, I smell barbeque!" was included in Bobby Bryant of The State's list "20 Essential Things I've Learned From Homer Simpson".

The same year, the Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art in Tulsa, Oklahoma, unveiled a new exhibit which galleried Biblical images in art and pop culture, including a promotional poster for "Simpsons Bible Stories".

title: Simpsons Bible Stories


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User:Silversoul7

Hi! My name's Jonathan and I'm 26 years old. Politically, I am a Georgist, and tend to be socially liberal and economically centrist. I'm also the grandson of the famous process theologian John B. Cobb, Jr. I have a wide array of interests, from quantum physics to politics to economics to philosophy and religion. I'm a liberal Christian, but also have a strong interest in Buddhism, Taoism, and other Eastern religions. I graduated from the University of Redlands with a B.A. in sociology.

title: User:Silversoul7


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Talk:Spiedie

4/24/2005
I'm iffy on this last edit by Gcashman. In respects to pure grammar, its much better, but I think you edited out a key point. Yes spiedies in the traditional sense are lamb, but the "modern" spiedie of upstate NY is overwhelmingly chicken. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Ccwaters (talk • contribs) 19:57, 24 April 2005 (UTC)

Pancho's Pit
Another significant purveyor of spiedies (when I was growing up in the Binghamton area in the 60s) was a restaurant called "Pancho's Pit", which started in Vestal and later relocated to Johnson City (both suburbs of Binghamton, as are Endicott and Endwell). I heard Pancho's Pit recently closed after many years at its Johnson City location.

96.57.213.114 (talk) 22:18, 6 March 2014 (UTC) Nate Levin,  March, 2014

Olive Garden
I heard that when Spiedies were added to the menu of national chain Olive Garden (as “Spiedinos”), a little investigation revealed that the chain's chef is a Broome County, New York native. —Fleminra 06:45, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

Spiedino
how is this different from the Italian dish called a Spiedino? (I propose renaming this page) FiveRings (talk) 22:11, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 12:35, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

Spiedie irons
I have removed the qualification that the skewers must be wooden. I lived in Vestal, New York, from 1962 to 1976. Our spiedies were always of lamb, and were always cooked using spiedie irons--steel skewers.--Mockingbird0 (talk) 05:24, 21 September 2008 (UTC) Right on Mockingbird0. The reason the skewers were steel was because the steel would transmit the heat into the center of the meat. This was critical for leaner meat such as venison and lamb. Pork doesn't matter since it can cook longer without drying out. 74.111.4.108 (talk) 20:55, 18 June 2012 (UTC)

Spiedies Recipe
I am a newbie here so I leave this suggestion with the hopes that someone more experienced will know what to do. Here is a good article on spiedies with a good traditional tested recipe. http://www.amazingribs.com/recipes/lamb/spiedies.html Quedude (talk) 18:41, 4 March 2009 (UTC)
 * WP:COI problems aside, it's too ad-heavy and should not be included per WP:ELNO #5. --Ronz (talk) 17:10, 22 April 2009 (UTC)

Suggested Corrections
The photo looks too much like a hot dog bun. Sub rolls are atypical as well, it is usually a small italian loaf or a slice of italian bread. And lastly, Lupo's also played a significant roll which should be mentioned. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.183.48.72 (talk) 10:11, 18 June 2017 (UTC)

Fixed picture, took the picture right after purchase at Spiedie and Rib Pit. Littlelago123 (talk) 13:27, 23 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spiedie


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Smart antenna

Smart antennas (also known as adaptive array antennas, digital antenna arrays, multiple antennas and, recently, MIMO) are antenna arrays with smart signal processing algorithms used to identify spatial signal signatures such as the direction of arrival (DOA) of the signal, and use them to calculate beamforming vectors which are used to track and locate the antenna beam on the mobile/target. Smart antennas should not be confused with reconfigurable antennas, which have similar capabilities but are single element antennas and not antenna arrays.

Smart antenna techniques are used notably in acoustic signal processing, track and scan radar, radio astronomy and radio telescopes, and mostly in cellular systems like W-CDMA, UMTS, and LTE and 5G-NR.

Smart antennas have many functions: DOA estimation, beamforming, interference nulling, and constant modulus preservation.

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation
The smart antenna system estimates the direction of arrival of the signal, using techniques such as MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnal Classification), estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithms, Matrix Pencil method or one of their derivatives. They involve finding a spatial spectrum of the antenna/sensor array, and calculating the DOA from the peaks of this spectrum. These calculations are computationally intensive.

Matrix Pencil is very efficient in case of real time systems, and under the correlated sources.

Beamforming
Beamforming is the method used to create the radiation pattern of the antenna array by adding constructively the phases of the signals in the direction of the targets/mobiles desired, and nulling the pattern of the targets/mobiles that are undesired/interfering targets. This can be done with a simple Finite Impulse Response (FIR) tapped delay line filter. The weights of the FIR filter may also be changed adaptively, and used to provide optimal beamforming, in the sense that it reduces the Minimum Mean Square Error between the desired and actual beampattern formed. Typical algorithms are the steepest descent, and Least Mean Squares algorithms. In digital antenna arrays with multi channels, use the digital beamforming, usually by DFT or FFT.

Types of smart antennas
Two of the main types of smart antennas include switched beam smart antennas and adaptive array smart antennas. Switched beam systems have several available fixed beam patterns. A decision is made as to which beam to access, at any given point in time, based upon the requirements of the system. Adaptive arrays allow the antenna to steer the beam to any direction of interest while simultaneously nulling interfering signals. Beamdirection can be estimated using the so-called direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation methods.

In 2008, the United States NTIA began a major effort to assist consumers in the purchase of digital television converter boxes. Through this effort, many people have been exposed to the concept of smart antennas for the first time. In the context of consumer electronics, a "smart antenna" is one that conforms to the EIA/CEA-909 Standard Interface.

In 2017, the Israeli Aerospace Industries unveiled an adaptive array antenna called ADA, and stated that it is already operational and shall be fitted onto "major platforms" used by the Israel Defense Forces.

Limited choice of EIA/CEA-909A smart antennas in the marketplace
Prior to the final transition to ATSC digital television in the United States on 11 June 2009, two smart antenna models were brought to market:

 * RCA ANT2000 – no longer available from retailers
 * DTA-5000 – manufactured by Funai Electric, marketed under the "DX Antenna" brand name, sometimes associated with the Sylvania brand name; no longer available from retailers

And two models are causing consumer confusion:

 * Although the Apex SM550 is capable of connecting to a CEA-909 port for the purpose of drawing electrical power, it is not a true smart antenna.
 * The Channel Master 3000A and CM3000HD SMARTenna series are otherwise-conventional amplified omnidirectional antennas, not steerable smart antennas.
 * ADA - An adaptive antenna produced by MLM factory of the Israel Aerospace Industries

title: Smart antenna


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May Maxwell

Mary "May" Maxwell (née Bolles; born 14 January 1870 in Englewood, New Jersey; died 1 March 1940 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) was an early American member of the Baháʼí Faith.

Early life
Mary Ellis Bolles was born to John Bolles and Mary Martin Bolles, in Englewood, New Jersey. She was nicknamed 'May' to distinguish her from her mother. May was of English ancestry. The Bolles family were distinguished in New York City, owning a successful bank in the city. When she was fourteen May was sent to England to live with her English cousins. For one year May lived in Kensington. May became very spiritually minded; she was given a gift of a Bible in 1885, which she studied and read daily.

As May approached her late teens, her family saw it was the time for her to be married. Phoebe Hearst, who was a close friend of her mother, funded May's extravagant debutante ball. She was 'brought out' in Washington. May was considered a great beauty with a petite figure, blue eyes and long fair hair attracting several suitors who courted her. The rejection of several marriage proposals frustrated her family. She was bought out again into Newport society in the hopes of finding a husband. May fell in love during this period and became engaged, but it was broken off. May plunged into depression, and it was around this time that her health seriously deteriorated.

In late 1894, May moved to Paris with her mother and brother; who was attending the École des Beaux-Arts. May's mother still hoped for her to marry, but May resented the Parisian high society. She went through periods of deep depression and insomnia and even considered entering a convent. In 1897 May lost both her grandmother and cousin whom she was very close to. At 27 May became obsessed with mortality and became bedridden leading to many of her family members believing she was going to die.

Pilgrimage to Acre
In November 1898, Phoebe Hearst, accompanied by her nieces and other Baháʼís like Lua Getsinger, stopped off at Paris before concluding their journey to the East. Hearst was shocked to see 28-year-old May bedridden with the chronic malady which had inflicted her. She invited May to sojourn to the East with her believing the change of air to be conducive to her health. Getsinger also disclosed to May the purpose of the journey; a pilgrimage to visit the head of the Baháʼí religion ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. May arrived in Acre in February 1899. She wrote of the first time she met ʻAbdu'l-Bahá as "of that first meeting I can remember neither joy nor pain nor anything that I can name".

As a Baháʼí
May returned to Paris and began teaching her new faith and played a significant role in introducing the religion to several people while in Paris. She helped convert several new believers, including Charles Mason Remey, Hippolyte Dreyfus, Laura Barney (Dreyfus), Englishman Thomas Breakwell and Juliet Thompson. On her return five of the younger female pilgrims had a photograph commissioned and sent to ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. On receiving the photograph he wrote a tablet addressed to the five, whom he named the "Five Holy Leaves". She met a close friend of her brother's, William Sutherland Maxwell, a Canadian of Scottish background, and the two married in 1902 in London. William had been introduced to the religion before their marriage but he did not become a Baháʼí until 1909, after meeting ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. The couple had one child, a daughter named Mary.

The couple moved to Montreal, and May set up a Baháʼí center in her home. Prior to 1912, she supported a Children's Court for Montreal, and her efforts were chief in maintaining the Colborne Street Milk Station. In about 1914, she brought a Montessori teacher from New York to their home in Montreal to start the first school of this type in Canada. In Montreal May continued to convert people such as Arthur Armstrong, Rose Henderson and her husband's cousin Martha MacBean. In 1912 ʻAbdu'l-Bahá visited Canada and stayed with the Maxwells. She was an early participant at Green Acre, the first Baháʼí training facility in the United States. In 1927 she was a member of the US and Canada National Spiritual Assembly.

In 1937, her life changed dramatically after her daughter, Mary, was married to Shoghi Effendi, then head of the Baháʼí Faith.

Death
Despite poor health, on January 24, 1940 May chose to leave New York on a steamship to Brazil, ultimately to land in Argentina to teach the Faith with her niece, Jeanne Bolles. She arrived in Buenos Aires on February 27 with elation; however on March 1, May died of a heart attack. Shoghi Effendi gave her the status of martyr and cabled the following: "ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's beloved handmaid, distinguished disciple May Maxwell (is) gathered (into the) glory (of the) Abhá Kingdom. Her earthly life, so rich, eventful, incomparably blessed, (is) worthily ended. To sacred tie her signal services had forged, (the) priceless honor (of a) martyr's death (is) now added. (A) double crown deservedly won. (The) Seven-Year Plan, particularly (the) South American campaign, derive fresh impetus (from the) example (of) her glorious sacrifice. Southern outpost (of) Faith greatly enriched through association (with) her historic resting-place destined remain (a) poignant reminder (of the) resistless march (of the) triumphant army (of) Baháʼu'lláh. Advise believers (of) both Americas (to) hold befitting memorial gathering.".

title: May Maxwell