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Scarborough, Queensland

Scarborough is a coastal suburb on the Redcliffe Peninsula in the City of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. In the, Scarborough had a population of 9,178 people.

Along with its neighbouring coastal suburbs on the Redcliffe Peninsula, the suburb is a popular recreational destination within the Brisbane metropolitan area. Scarborough Beach is a safe swimming beach, with an adjacent playground.

Geography
Scarborough is at the northernmost suburb of the Redcliffe Peninsula. It is bounded by Deception Bay (a side bay of Moreton Bay) to the north-west and by Moreton Bay to the north and east.

Scarborough has the following coastal features (from north to south):

 * Castlereagh Point (Cooturrumba Point, Reef Point) (-27.1906°N, 153.1125°W)
 * Scarborough Point (-27.1981°N, 153.1164°W)
 * Scarborough Beach (-27.2013°N, 153.1155°W)
 * Drury Point (-27.2043°N, 153.1168°W)
 * Queens Beach North (-27.2097°N, 153.1166°W)
 * Osbourne Point (-27.2123°N, 153.1187°W)
 * Queens Beach (-27.2157°N, 153.1168°W) extending south into Redcliffe

History
Land sub-division occurred when Scarborough was part of Humpy Bong, Redcliffe. In August 1878 land in the new marine township of Scarborough went to auction, postponed some months until completion of the Scarborough Hotel, in order that perspective purchasers could obtain accommodation in the township while examining the allotments. Advertisements described the beach as "unsurpassed in Australia, having splendid stretches of pure hard sand, perfectly innocent of mud or mangrove. .... a distinctive feature at this northern or Scarborough end should be recognised in the highly interesting chain of crescent-shaped bays, the waters of which wash the township cliffs, affording sheltered coves for boating purposes..."

In 1882, the proprietors of the re-surveyed town of Scarborough offered for auction, with no reserve, the remaining 250 allotments, advertising in great detail the attractions of the area. These included the "abundance of schnapper, whiting, turtle, crabs, oysters, etc awaiting capture." In 1884, land from Queen's Beach "adjoins to and forms part of the property reserved for the Hon S.W. Griffith [ Samuel Griffith] for the purpose of building a seaside residence" was advertised. In 1886, land from " late marine residence of Dr Hobbs"- his house standing on three of the 295 allotments - was offered for sale. Free steamer travel, departing from Howard Smith wharves was provided on the day, Easter Monday, 16 April 1886.

In 1900–1901, allotments in the Moreton Bay Estate were advertised for sale. In the 1920s, further sales, with land north of the Redcliffe Jetty [1920], in the Walsh Estate [1927], and the Sea Breeze Estate [1929] occurred, with Silvesters, a house and land agent at Adelaide Street, Brisbane, arranging sales into the 1930s, producing an annotated map showing the location of vacant land and the asking prices. However, it was with the opening in 1935 of the Hornibrook Highway, linking the area north of Hay's Inlet to Brisbane, that lead to the rapid growth in this area. Scarborough State School opened on 9 March 1925 with 30 students.

On Saturday 11 December 1937, a stump-capping ceremony took place for the Scarborough Methodist Church. The new church building was relocated from Deagon where it had served as a Sunday school hall. It was officially opened on Sunday 9 January 1938 by Reverend J. A. Pratt. On 28 August 1948 the foundation stone for a new Scarborough Methodist Church was laid by Reverend Hubert Hedley Trigge, the master of Kings College at the University of Queensland, with the new church building being officially opening on 1 April 1950 by Trigge, with the former church building becoming the church hall. The church is now used by the Scarborough Samoan Seventh-Day Adventist Church.

St Bernadette's Catholic Church opened at 28 Mein Street (-27.207°N, 153.11245°W) in 1946. The architect was Frances Leo Cullen. The church was sold in 1998.

St Bernadette's Catholic School opened in 1948; it was operated by the Brigidine Sisters.

Soubirous College, a Catholic secondary school, opened on 5 February 1951.

The first St Anne's Anglican Church Hall opened at 190–192 Mein Street on Sunday 1 April 1951. Funds to build the church hall were raised in part by the sales of a book "Scarborough Calling" by Cannon William Perry French Morris. The foundation stone of the current St Anne's Anglican Church was laid by Archbishop Philip Strong on Sunday 2 November 1969, with the new church officially opening on 22 November 1970. The 1951 church hall remains on the site.

Scarborough Baptist Church opened in 1952. The Baptist church was at 151 Turner Street (-27.1983°N, 153.1123°W), and, although still extant, it is now in private ownership.

De La Salle College, a Catholic primary and secondary school, opened on 4 February 1955.

In 1970, the senior years at Soubirous College and De Le Salle College were combined to create Frawley College, named after parish priest Monsignor Bartholomew Frawley. On 24 May 1995 the following Catholic schools combined to form Southern Cross Catholic College:

 * St Bernadette's Catholic School, Scarborough
 * Soubirous College, Scarborough
 * De La Salle College, Scarborough
 * Frawley College, Scarborough
 * Our Lady Help of Christians School, Redcliffe
 * Our Lady of Lourdes School, Woody Point

The suburb used to act as a gateway to Moreton Island via the Combie Trader barge, but this service ceased in July 2008 due to matters with the terminal and landing areas.

Demographics
In the, Scarborough had a population of 7,986 people.

In the, Scarborough had a population of 8,705 people, 53.3% female and 46.7% male. The median age of the Scarborough population was 49 years, 11 years above the national median of 38. 68.7% of people living in Scarborough were born in Australia. The other top responses for country of birth were England 7.5%, New Zealand 5.4%, South Africa 1.1%, Scotland 0.9%, Philippines 0.8%. 87.8% of people spoke only English at home; the next most common languages were 0.7% German, 0.4% Spanish, 0.3% French, 0.3% Italian, 0.3% Russian.

In the, Scarborough had a population of 9,178 people.

Education
Scarborough State School is a government primary (Prep–6) school for boys and girls at Eversleigh Road (-27.2151°N, 153.1101°W). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 751 students with 53 teachers (49 full-time equivalent) and 35 non-teaching staff (20 full-time equivalent). It includes a special education program.

Southern Cross Catholic College is a Catholic primary and secondary (Prep–12) school for boys and girls. Its main campus at 307 Scarborough Road (-27.204°N, 153.1099°W) accommodates the secondary school, while three other campuses in Scarborough, Kippa-Ring and Woody Point are primary schools. In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 1,555 students with 121 teachers (106 full-time equivalent) and 90 non-teaching staff (62 full-time equivalent).

Australian Trade College North Brisbane is a private secondary (11–12) school for boys and girls at 294 Scarborough Road (-27.2052°N, 153.11°W). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 230 students with 20 teachers (15 full-time equivalent) and 11 non-teaching staff (7 full-time equivalent).

There is no government secondary school in Scarborough; the nearest government secondary school is Redcliffe State High School in neighbouring Redcliffe to the south.

Amenities
Scarborough Post Office is at 113 Landsborough Street (-27.1987°N, 153.1152°W).

Churches in Scarborough include: Scarborough Boat Harbour is a 13.7 ha marina (-27.1936°N, 153.1072°W). Scarborough Harbour Entrance is the channel at the entry to the boat harbour (-27.1927°N, 153.1022°W). It is managed by the Department of Transport and Main Roads.
 * St Anne's Anglican Church, south-eastern corner of Mein Street and Warde Street (-27.1962°N, 153.1144°W)
 * Scarborough Presbyterian Church, 5 Jeays Street (-27.1979°N, 153.1107°W)
 * Scarborough Samoan Seventh-Day Adventist Church, 143 Prince Edward Parade (-27.2096°N, 153.115°W)

There are a number of boating facilities in the suburb:

 * Bird O'Passage Parade boat ramp, jetty and floating walkway at the eastern end of Scarborough Boat Harbour (-27.1927°N, 153.1101°W), managed by the Department of Transport and Main Roads
 * Thurecht Parade boat ramp, pontoon and floating walkway at the western end of Scarborough Boat Harbour (-27.1941°N, 153.1047°W), managed by the Department of Transport and Main Roads
 * Flinders Parade boat ramp at Queens Beach North, opposite Griffith Road (-27.2104°N, 153.1169°W), managed by the Moreton Bay Regional Council

Ballycara Retirement Village is at 16b Oyster Point Road (-27.2034°N, 153.1013°W).

Attractions
The main street of Scarborough, Landsborough Avenue, is a popular location for families and day visitors from Brisbane with numerous cafés. Part of the reason for its popularity is its overlooking views to Moreton Island across Moreton Bay, and quieter ambience compared to the Redcliffe central business district. The point of Scarborough is home to Scarborough Marina and Scarborough Holiday Village, while further around the bay is Newport Marina. The suburb is known for its thriving seafood industry centred upon the Scarborough Boat Harbour. Scarborough Beach is one of a number of sandy beaches along its eastern coastline, with its Scarborough Beach Park awarded the "Queensland's Friendliest Beach" in 2003 and "Australia's Friendliest Beach" in 2004. The beach is safe for swimming and kayaking, and popular with fishers.

Turner Reef is a 20.0 ha artificial reef in the Moreton Bay Marine Park (-27.1963°N, 153.1293°W). It was named after Bill Turner, who lobbied for over 20 years to establish an artificial reef off Scarborough. It is 1 nmi east of the coast of Scarborough at a depth of approximately 6 m.

In popular culture
Parts of the movie Scooby-Doo were filmed at Queens Beach in Scarborough; the majority of the movie was filmed at Tangalooma Resort at Moreton Island.

title: Scarborough, Queensland


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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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USS Hale

USS Hale may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:

 * USS Hale (DD-133), a Wickes-class destroyer launched in 1919; transferred to the Royal Navy as HMS Caldwell (I20), 1940; to the Royal Canadian Navy, 1942; scrapped in 1944
 * USS Hale (DD-642), a Fletcher-class destroyer launched in 1943; transferred to Colombia as ARC Antioquia (DD-01), 1961; struck in 1973 and scrapped

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Ecosystem ecology

Ecosystem ecology is the integrated study of living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of ecosystems and their interactions within an ecosystem framework. This science examines how ecosystems work and relates this to their components such as chemicals, bedrock, soil, plants, and animals.

Ecosystem ecology examines physical and biological structures and examines how these ecosystem characteristics interact with each other. Ultimately, this helps us understand how to maintain high quality water and economically viable commodity production. A major focus of ecosystem ecology is on functional processes, ecological mechanisms that maintain the structure and services produced by ecosystems. These include primary productivity (production of biomass), decomposition, and trophic interactions.

Studies of ecosystem function have greatly improved human understanding of sustainable production of forage, fiber, fuel, and provision of water. Functional processes are mediated by regional-to-local level climate, disturbance, and management. Thus ecosystem ecology provides a powerful framework for identifying ecological mechanisms that interact with global environmental problems, especially global warming and degradation of surface water.

This example demonstrates several important aspects of ecosystems:
 * 1) Ecosystem boundaries are often nebulous and may fluctuate in time
 * 2) Organisms within ecosystems are dependent on ecosystem level biological and physical processes
 * 3) Adjacent ecosystems closely interact and often are interdependent for maintenance of community structure and functional processes that maintain productivity and biodiversity

These characteristics also introduce practical problems into natural resource management. Who will manage which ecosystem? Will timber cutting in the forest degrade recreational fishing in the stream? These questions are difficult for land managers to address while the boundary between ecosystems remains unclear; even though decisions in one ecosystem will affect the other. We need better understanding of the interactions and interdependencies of these ecosystems and the processes that maintain them before we can begin to address these questions.

Ecosystem ecology is an inherently interdisciplinary field of study. An individual ecosystem is composed of populations of organisms, interacting within communities, and contributing to the cycling of nutrients and the flow of energy. The ecosystem is the principal unit of study in ecosystem ecology.

Population, community, and physiological ecology provide many of the underlying biological mechanisms influencing ecosystems and the processes they maintain. Flowing of energy and cycling of matter at the ecosystem level are often examined in ecosystem ecology, but, as a whole, this science is defined more by subject matter than by scale. Ecosystem ecology approaches organisms and abiotic pools of energy and nutrients as an integrated system which distinguishes it from associated sciences such as biogeochemistry.

Biogeochemistry and hydrology focus on several fundamental ecosystem processes such as biologically mediated chemical cycling of nutrients and physical-biological cycling of water. Ecosystem ecology forms the mechanistic basis for regional or global processes encompassed by landscape-to-regional hydrology, global biogeochemistry, and earth system science.

History
Ecosystem ecology is philosophically and historically rooted in terrestrial ecology. The ecosystem concept has evolved rapidly during the last 100 years with important ideas developed by Frederic Clements, a botanist who argued for specific definitions of ecosystems and that physiological processes were responsible for their development and persistence. Although most of Clements ecosystem definitions have been greatly revised, initially by Henry Gleason and Arthur Tansley, and later by contemporary ecologists, the idea that physiological processes are fundamental to ecosystem structure and function remains central to ecology.

Later work by Eugene Odum and Howard T. Odum quantified flows of energy and matter at the ecosystem level, thus documenting the general ideas proposed by Clements and his contemporary Charles Elton.

In this model, energy flows through the whole system were dependent on biotic and abiotic interactions of each individual component (species, inorganic pools of nutrients, etc.). Later work demonstrated that these interactions and flows applied to nutrient cycles, changed over the course of succession, and held powerful controls over ecosystem productivity. Transfers of energy and nutrients are innate to ecological systems regardless of whether they are aquatic or terrestrial. Thus, ecosystem ecology has emerged from important biological studies of plants, animals, terrestrial, aquatic, and marine ecosystems.

Ecosystem services
Ecosystem services are ecologically mediated functional processes essential to sustaining healthy human societies. Water provision and filtration, production of biomass in forestry, agriculture, and fisheries, and removal of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere are examples of ecosystem services essential to public health and economic opportunity. Nutrient cycling is a process fundamental to agricultural and forest production.

However, like most ecosystem processes, nutrient cycling is not an ecosystem characteristic which can be “dialed” to the most desirable level. Maximizing production in degraded systems is an overly simplistic solution to the complex problems of hunger and economic security. For instance, intensive fertilizer use in the midwestern United States has resulted in degraded fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico. Regrettably, a “Green Revolution” of intensive chemical fertilization has been recommended for agriculture in developed and developing countries. These strategies risk alteration of ecosystem processes that may be difficult to restore, especially when applied at broad scales without adequate assessment of impacts. Ecosystem processes may take many years to recover from significant disturbance.

For instance, large-scale forest clearance in the northeastern United States during the 18th and 19th centuries has altered soil texture, dominant vegetation, and nutrient cycling in ways that impact forest productivity in the present day. An appreciation of the importance of ecosystem function in maintenance of productivity, whether in agriculture or forestry, is needed in conjunction with plans for restoration of essential processes. Improved knowledge of ecosystem function will help to achieve long-term sustainability and stability in the poorest parts of the world.

Operation
Biomass productivity is one of the most apparent and economically important ecosystem functions. Biomass accumulation begins at the cellular level via photosynthesis. Photosynthesis requires water and consequently global patterns of annual biomass production are correlated with annual precipitation. Amounts of productivity are also dependent on the overall capacity of plants to capture sunlight which is directly correlated with plant leaf area and N content.

Net primary productivity (NPP) is the primary measure of biomass accumulation within an ecosystem. Net primary productivity can be calculated by a simple formula where the total amount of productivity is adjusted for total productivity losses through maintenance of biological processes:

 * NPP = GPP – Rproducer

Where GPP is gross primary productivity and Rproducer is photosynthate (Carbon) lost via cellular respiration.

NPP is difficult to measure but a new technique known as eddy co-variance has shed light on how natural ecosystems influence the atmosphere. Figure 4 shows seasonal and annual changes in CO2 concentration measured at Mauna Loa, Hawaii from 1987 to 1990. CO2 concentration steadily increased, but within-year variation has been greater than the annual increase since measurements began in 1957.

These variations were thought to be due to seasonal uptake of CO2 during summer months. A newly developed technique for assessing ecosystem NPP has confirmed seasonal variation are driven by seasonal changes in CO2 uptake by vegetation. This has led many scientists and policy makers to speculate that ecosystems can be managed to ameliorate problems with global warming. This type of management may include reforesting or altering forest harvest schedules for many parts of the world.

Decomposition and nutrient cycling
Decomposition and nutrient cycling are fundamental to ecosystem biomass production. Most natural ecosystems are nitrogen (N) limited and biomass production is closely correlated with N turnover. Typically external input of nutrients is very low and efficient recycling of nutrients maintains productivity. Decomposition of plant litter accounts for the majority of nutrients recycled through ecosystems (Figure 3). Rates of plant litter decomposition are highly dependent on litter quality; high concentration of phenolic compounds, especially lignin, in plant litter has a retarding effect on litter decomposition. More complex C compounds are decomposed more slowly and may take many years to completely breakdown. Decomposition is typically described with exponential decay and has been related to the mineral concentrations, especially manganese, in the leaf litter.

Globally, rates of decomposition are mediated by litter quality and climate. Ecosystems dominated by plants with low-lignin concentration often have rapid rates of decomposition and nutrient cycling (Chapin et al. 1982). Simple carbon (C) containing compounds are preferentially metabolized by decomposer microorganisms which results in rapid initial rates of decomposition, see Figure 5A, models that depend on constant rates of decay; so called “k” values, see Figure 5B. In addition to litter quality and climate, the activity of soil fauna is very important

However, these models do not reflect simultaneous linear and non-linear decay processes which likely occur during decomposition. For instance, proteins, sugars and lipids decompose exponentially, but lignin decays at a more linear rate Thus, litter decay is inaccurately predicted by simplistic models.

A simple alternative model presented in Figure 5C shows significantly more rapid decomposition that the standard model of figure 4B. Better understanding of decomposition models is an important research area of ecosystem ecology because this process is closely tied to nutrient supply and the overall capacity of ecosystems to sequester CO2 from the atmosphere.

Trophic dynamics
Trophic dynamics refers to process of energy and nutrient transfer between organisms. Trophic dynamics is an important part of the structure and function of ecosystems. Figure 3 shows energy transferred for an ecosystem at Silver Springs, Florida. Energy gained by primary producers (plants, P) is consumed by herbivores (H), which are consumed by carnivores (C), which are themselves consumed by “top- carnivores”(TC).

One of the most obvious patterns in Figure 3 is that as one moves up to higher trophic levels (i.e. from plants to top-carnivores) the total amount of energy decreases. Plants exert a “bottom-up” control on the energy structure of ecosystems by determining the total amount of energy that enters the system.

However, predators can also influence the structure of lower trophic levels from the top-down. These influences can dramatically shift dominant species in terrestrial and marine systems The interplay and relative strength of top-down vs. bottom-up controls on ecosystem structure and function is an important area of research in the greater field of ecology.

Trophic dynamics can strongly influence rates of decomposition and nutrient cycling in time and in space. For example, herbivory can increase litter decomposition and nutrient cycling via direct changes in litter quality and altered dominant vegetation. Insect herbivory has been shown to increase rates of decomposition and nutrient turnover due to changes in litter quality and increased frass inputs. However, insect outbreak does not always increase nutrient cycling. Stadler showed that C rich honeydew produced during aphid outbreak can result in increased N immobilization by soil microbes thus slowing down nutrient cycling and potentially limiting biomass production. North atlantic marine ecosystems have been greatly altered by overfishing of cod. Cod stocks crashed in the 1990s which resulted in increases in their prey such as shrimp and snow crab Human intervention in ecosystems has resulted in dramatic changes to ecosystem structure and function. These changes are occurring rapidly and have unknown consequences for economic security and human well-being.

Lessons from two Central American cities
The biosphere has been greatly altered by the demands of human societies. Ecosystem ecology plays an important role in understanding and adapting to the most pressing current environmental problems. Restoration ecology and ecosystem management are closely associated with ecosystem ecology. Restoring highly degraded resources depends on integration of functional mechanisms of ecosystems.

Without these functions intact, economic value of ecosystems is greatly reduced and potentially dangerous conditions may develop in the field. For example, areas within the mountainous western highlands of Guatemala are more susceptible to catastrophic landslides and crippling seasonal water shortages due to loss of forest resources. In contrast, cities such as Totonicapán that have preserved forests through strong social institutions have greater local economic stability and overall greater human well-being.

This situation is striking considering that these areas are close to each other, the majority of inhabitants are of Mayan descent, and the topography and overall resources are similar. This is a case of two groups of people managing resources in fundamentally different ways. Ecosystem ecology provides the basic science needed to avoid degradation and to restore ecosystem processes that provide for basic human needs.

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Antonio De Poli

Antonio De Poli (born 4 October 1960 in Vicenza) is an Italian politician and former Member of the European Parliament for North-East with the Union of Christian and Centre Democrats, part of the European People's Party. In the EP he was vice-chair of the European Parliament's Committee on Fisheries and its Committee on Employment and Social Affairs.

He is also a member of the Delegation for relations with Canada and a substitute for the Delegation for relations with the United States.

Biography
Antonio De Poli was born on 4 October 1960 in Vicenza and he took a high school certificate in technical subjects. He worked as employee at the State Railways, then he served as Mayor of Carmignano di Brenta from 1990 to 1995, as regional councillor of Veneto from 1995 to 2000 and as regional assessor for Social Policies from 2000 to 2004. He was elected MEP in the 2004 European Parliament election with the Union of Christian and Centre Democrats. After the 2005 Venetian regional election he resigned as MEP to become again regional assessor for Social Policies. In the 2006 Italian general election he was elected to the Senate for the Republic, while in the 2008 Italian general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies. In the 2013 Italian general election he was again elected Senator into the centrist list With Monti for Italy.

On 20 December 2016 Antonio De Poli has been appointed President of the Union of the Centre.

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Gianni De Michelis

Gianni De Michelis (26 November 1940 – 11 May 2019) was an Italian politician, a member of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), who served as minister in many Italian governments in the 1980s and early 1990s.

Biography
De Michelis was born in Venice in 1940. He graduated in 1963 in Industrial Chemistry at the University of Padua and began his academic career, first as an assistant and then as a lecturer, becoming an associate professor of Chemistry in 1980 at the Ca' Foscari University of Venice. After a long leave due to political and institutional commitments, he returned to university teaching from 1994 to 1999.

He started his political career with the Italian Socialist Party, where he was elected to the municipal council of Venice. He got elected for the first time to the Italian Parliament in 1976 and was elected again in 1979, 1983, 1987, 1992 and 2006. He was Minister of State Holdings from 1980 to 1983. He then became Minister of Work in 1986 (with Bettino Craxi as President of the Council). His career however reached the top with his nomination to the Vice-Presidency of the Council in 1988-1989. He became Minister for Foreign Affairs in 1989 and kept that post until 1992.

Between 1993 and 2001, during the so-called "judicial storm of Mani Pulite", he was accused of corruption along with many of the socialists MPs and regional administrators. Within more than 35 different trails, apart from the numerous favorable verdicts, he has been convicted of corruption and was sentenced to 1 year and 6 months (negotiated) in Venice for highways bribes in Veneto and to 6 months for illegal financing (Enimont bribe, also negotiated).

In 1996, De Michelis founded a political movement named the Socialist Party with Ugo Intini and other former Italian Socialist Party (PSI) members, which later was joined by the Socialist League of Claudio Martelli and Bobo Craxi to form the New PSI in 2001. He was elected secretary of the new party at the first congress.

De Michelis was elected at the 2004 European elections as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Southern Italy with the NPSI, and was therefore a Non-Inscrit in the European Parliament whilst awaiting the acceptance of his party's request of membership in the Socialist Group. He sat in the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy, and was a substitute for the Committee on Legal Affairs, a member of the Delegation for relations with the People's Republic of China and a substitute for the Delegation to the Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly.

His leadership however had been contested in the congress of October 2005 where the son of Bettino Craxi, Bobo Craxi claimed to have been declared secretary after De Michelis had left the hall declaring the Congress void. This led Bobo Craxi to open a judicial case. The judge, on the second verdicts, gave unquestionably confirmed the right to use the symbol and the secretary to Gianni De Michelis.

At the 2006 Italian general election he was elected MP for the Italian parliament but gave his seat to Lucio Barani since he decided to stay in the European Parliament. In October 2007, De Michelis joined the newly formed Socialist Party, made up of the diaspora of the historical PSI. At this time, De Michelis along with fellow former NPSI MEP Alessandro Battilocchio were admitted into the parliamentary group of the Party of European Socialists.

De Michelis died in Venice on 11 May 2019 at the age of 78.

Personal life
De Michelis was a great lover of dance and discos. In 1988, he wrote a book entitled "Dove Andiamo a Ballare Questa Sera?" (Where to Go Dancing this Night?) in which he reviewed 250 Italian dance night clubs.

title: Gianni De Michelis


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Werner Roth (soccer)

Werner Roth (born April 4, 1948) is an American former professional soccer player who played as a defender. Mainly associated with the New York Cosmos, he also played for the United States national team for three years. He is a member of the National Soccer Hall of Fame.

Soccer career
Born in Yugoslavia, Roth emigrated to the United States at age eight, going on to become a rising star in American soccer through the 1960s. He attended Brooklyn Technical High School, playing on the varsity squad from 1962 to 1966, and captaining the team in his senior year.

Additionally, he studied architecture at the Pratt Institute, and played for the German-Hungarians in the German American Soccer League.

One of the few Americans on a star-studded New York Cosmos side (i.e. Pelé, Franz Beckenbauer), Roth played with the club seven years, and helped it to Soccer Bowl titles in 1972, 1977 and 1978. He also appeared 15 times for his adopted country's national team, in the 1970s.

Movie career and personal life
Roth played Germany national team captain Baumann in the 1981 movie Victory (titled Escape to Victory in Europe), which also featured former Cosmos teammate Pelé, as well as Sylvester Stallone and Michael Caine. He was inducted into the National Soccer Hall of Fame in 1989.

In 2005, having been living in Brooklyn and Long Island for decades, Roth became engaged to soap opera actress Robin Mattson. The couple were married in June 2006.

title: Werner Roth (soccer)


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Victorian Village

Victorian Village is a neighborhood in Columbus, Ohio, United States, north and near west of downtown. It is an established neighborhood built when a streetcar line first ran along Neil Avenue around 1900 with a fair number of established trees for an urban setting. To preserve, protect and enhance the unique architectural and historical features, the Victorian Village Historic District was established in 1973. Columbus Monthly named this neighborhood the top place to live for Arts and Entertainment, with fun right around the corner in the Short North as its neighborhood hangout.

History
In 1827, Columbus businessman William "Billy" Neil purchased 300 acres of farmland just north of Downtown Columbus from Joseph Vance, and by 1853 owned all of the land from west of North High Street to the Olentangy River, south to First Avenue, and north to Lane Avenue. He constructed a road on the property to reach his farm, which became known as Neil Avenue. After Neil's death, the land was subdivided by his heirs. Southern portions of the Neil Farm were developed and became one of Columbus’s first suburbs, Victorian Village.

Development of land south of the Neil Farm was spurred by the growth in manufacturing in the Olentangy Industrial Cluster, placement of Goodale Park, the city’s first public park, and streetcar service along Neil Avenue and High Streets. Streetcar lines expanded in 1879 down Neil Avenue, which connected downtown Columbus and The Ohio State University. Because of the streetcar, Neil Avenue became a major north-south route. The Neil Farm, west of current-day Neil Avenue and south of West Fifth Avenue, was platted between 1888 and 1902. Lots were reserved, almost exclusively for large homes. Electric Streetcar Service along High Street in 1888, followed by Neil Avenue in 1891, further increased the demand for housing between The Ohio State University and downtown Columbus. By 1920, the majority of these parcels had filled in with Victorian, Italianate Queen Anne, Second Empire, Carpenter-Stick, and Four Square style homes.

Following 1920, the streetcar gave way to the automobile as the main source of transportation. Increased mobility allowed residents to move further away and into the suburbs of Columbus. As that occurred, businesses also began moving to the suburbs to be closer to their customers, which led to a decline in the neighborhood. The nearby Flytown, Short North, and Italian Village neighborhoods suffered a similar decline.

Renewed interest in Victorian Village was sparked in the 1970s, following the successes of German Village, which had undergone a significant revival in the 1960s. Restoration begun in Victorian Village was carried out under the auspices of the Victorian Village Commission, which was established as a historic district by the City of Columbus in 1973. In 1980, it was listed on the list of National Historic Places and is in the Near North Side Historic District.

Geography
Victorian Village is a neighborhood located north and near west of Downtown. It is just north of the Arena District and to the East is the Italian Village. Its southern boundary, Goodale Avenue, is a block away from North Market and the Columbus Convention Center and its northern boundary, West Fifth Avenue, is half a mile away from Ohio State University. It is an older area with a fair number of established trees for an urban setting. Neil Avenue is the main thoroughfare through Victorian Village, a street that eventually crosses through the campus of the Ohio State University. It shares its High Street boundary with the Short North neighborhood to its east. Harrison Avenue forms its western boundary.

Neil Avenue United Methodist Church
Built between 1890 and 1914, the Neil Avenue United Methodist Church was first designed by Yost & Packard in 1890 but later completed by Stribling and Lum in 1914. In 1996 it became the home to the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church.

Goodale Park
Often referred to as the hub of Victorian Village, Goodale Park is a 32 acre park at the southern tip of Victorian Village. Goodale Park is bounded by Buttles Avenue and Goodale Street to the north and south, and Dennison Avenue and Park Street on its west and east sides. As Columbus’s oldest planned park, it was established after land was gifted to the city by Lincoln Goodale in 1851. During the United States Civil War, the park was used to recruit Union soldiers in the spring and summer of 1861. In 1862 the park was improved. A fountain was built in the southwest corner and East Lake was under construction. Later in 1877, the park became home to two bears, three fox, nineteen rabbits, and two wolves, all of which were moved to a barred building for visitors to spectate. The lakes were reconstructed after the Great Depression with the funds from President Roosevelt's Works Progress Administration. In 1951 the park celebrated its centennial with nearly 300 spectators. Today, Goodale Park is known as the host for ComFest, a major annual festival.

Circus House

Built in 1895 by the circus magnate Peter Sells (of Sells Brothers Circus), architect Frank Packard designed this Romanesque house with influence from the Sells family trip to California in 1891. The dramatic rooflines, curved Moorish style windows, and terracotta-tile roof suggest a similar profile to that of a circus big top. Packard also designed the carriage house, occupied by the servants of the Sells family. Once settled in the new residence, the Sells' furnished the house with pieces from their travels around the world, creating a lavish and exotic feel to the interior. The Sells family occupied the house until 1899 when Peter and his wife Mary divorced due to Mary’s alleged infidelity. The ensuing divorce trial was front-page news, as Columbusites became fascinated with the scandalous circumstances the divorce was filed upon. Peter Sells gained the split from his wife in December 1900 and removed her from his home. Since Peter's death in 1904, the usage of the Sells Brothers house has varied greatly, ranging from a nursery school to a shelter house for recovering alcoholics. The home is now privately owned.

41 West Third Avenue
Built-in 1870, Henry Howe wrote the Historical Collections of Ohio in this home in 1889. In 1910, the home was bought and extensively renovated by Dr. Clovis Taylor, who built an addition centered on the usage of mahogany woodwork. The addition included a bar, parlor, enlarged entrance hall, and iconic wraparound porch. After its usage as a funeral home through the 1950s, the house underwent another renovation in the 1970s. Owner Larry Schwartzenberger restored the 14-foot bar and added a 1920-era soda fountain.

Saint Francis of Assisi
This Roman Catholic Church was built in 1896 by Bishop John Ambrose Watterson. In 1907 a school was built next to the parish and was staffed by seven Dominican nuns. During the city's urban renewal during the late 1950s, nearly 300 houses were torn down south of the church and the parish lost over two-hundred-fifty parishioners. The school was remodeled in 1961 but was closed due to a lack of enrollment in 1970. In 1973 the school burned down. The church celebrated its centennial in 1996 and is still a spiritual home to several Victorian Village residents.

Attributes
Victorian Village is consistently ranked a top Columbus neighborhood. It is ranked the ninth most walkable neighborhood in Columbus with a walk score of eighty-three. Some homes have been split into rented apartments, but many are nationally registered historical landmarks. A mix of housing densities adds to the diverse nature of Victorian Village. Neighborhood renewal has contributed to significant property values increases over the past two decades.

Once a year, usually in September, the community holds the annual Victorian Village Tour of Homes and Gardens, with approximately a dozen houses open for viewing and walking tours. The night before, an additional "bonus" house not on the general public's list is toured as part of a fund-raiser for the area. Dinners served in local restaurants, and occasionally individuals' homes, also support it.

The City of Columbus has designated part of Victorian Village, along with portions of the Short North and Italian Village as a "market ready" Community Reinvestment Area, with available 15-year, 100 percent tax abatements if projects include 10 percent affordable housing, with options to buy out of the requirement.

Transportation
Victorian Village has relatively easy access to public transit. It received a transit score of fifty-six and a bike score of seventy-four. Therefore, personal automobiles are not a necessity to the residents. The Central Ohio Transit Authority (COTA) regularly runs bus services up and down High Street and Neil Avenue making transportation accessible to the residents.

Education
Victorian Village is located within the Columbus City Schools District. The Hubbard Mastery School is a PreK–6 public school on Hubbard Avenue and is the neighborhood's designated elementary school.

Short North Tour of Homes & Gardens
This event usually occurs on the third Sunday in September. During this event, people can tour and visit the historic homes within both Victorian Village and the nearby neighborhood, The Short North. The tour generally consists of approximately ten restored historic homes within the two neighborhoods.

Dining and nightlife
A number of bars and restaurants can be found along the eastern boundary on North High Street. The neighboring neighborhood, The Short North, shares the High Street border with Victorian Village and is known for its entertainment in nightlife and dining among other characteristics. Other bars, restaurants, and sources of entertainment can be found scattered throughout the neighborhood.

title: Victorian Village


text:
Mandres

Mandres may refer to several places in Europe:

In France

 * Mandres, Eure, in the Eure department
 * Mandres-aux-Quatre-Tours in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department
 * Mandres-en-Barrois in the Meuse department
 * Mandres-la-Côte in the Haute-Marne department
 * Mandres-les-Roses in the Val-de-Marne department
 * Mandres-sur-Vair in the Vosges department

In Greece

 * Mandres, Kilkis, a village in the Kilkis regional unit

In Cyprus

 * Mandres, Cyprus, a village located north of Nicosia
 * Mandres, Famagusta, a village located in Famagusta District

title: Mandres


text:
Koenraad Dillen

Koenraad Francine Gaston "Koen" Dillen (born 6 November 1964) is a Belgian politician and a former Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Flanders with the Vlaams Belang, sitting in the Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty group in the European Parliament. He is the son of Karel Dillen, founder of the Vlaams Blok.

He sat on its Committee on Development, and was a substitute for the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs and a member of the Delegation to the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly.

Education

 * 1987: Degree in translation

Career

 * 1989–1990: French teacher
 * 1990–1992: Account manager, Rank Xerox
 * 1992–1994: Senior official, Belgian Parliament
 * 1994–2003: Civil servant
 * since 2000: Municipal Councillor
 * 2003–2014: Member of the European Parliament

title: Koenraad Dillen


text:
Talk:Pope Benedict XVI/Archive 1

Post replies to the main talk page, copying the section you are replying to if necessary. (See How to archive a talk page.)

This archive covers settled issues occuring April 19, 2005.

Please add new archivals to Talk:Pope Benedict XVI/Archive08. Thank you. Bratsche talk random 03:16, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

'''Note: This is for settled issues dealing with the Pope Benedict XVI article. Any new questions/comments/corrections should be directed to the article talk page. Thank you. Zscout370 20:28, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)'''

Info Boxes

 * Can someone who knows how to - get the Date and Place of Death out of the info box? Arcturus 20:18, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll try to fix it. --Gerald Farinas 20:20, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Anniversaries
Today, by the way, is Primrose Day.

Why was the Early Life section removed?
I'm trying to restore it (once I find the last version), but I'm leaving a note since the WIki's so slow right now & it might take more time than I have. - SoM 18:05, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

It's back.

Article content dup
This page's content was duped in this edit. Could someone fix this. I would have done it myself but it seems to be protected. AlistairMcMillan 17:09, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Inaccurate quote causes disagreement
The piece from The Spectator says Pope John XXIII was 78 at the time of his selection of Pope. He was 76. This causes confusion when we read further down that Ratzinger is the oldest selected since Clement XII. Or one of the Clements anyway.

Honorary doctorates
A really meaningless fact. Bill Cosby has like eight of them. They tell us nothing about the man and certainly are no sort of qualification. I recommend this be removed.

What order is Cardinal Ratzinger from?
I've looked at several biographies and can't seem to tell?

 * I think he was a plain diocesan priest. He did not belong to any religious order. --Gerald Farinas 17:59, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

First German Pope?
Will Cardinal Ratzinger be the first German Pope when he becomes Pope?
 * He who enters the conclave a pope leaves it a cardinal. But more helpfully, the existance of Category:German popes seems to suggest no. Gentgeen 06:37, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

No. There were numerous several German popes in the middle ages. john k 06:37, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

There was a whole string in the 11th century - Pope Clement II, Pope Damasus II, Pope Leo IX, Pope Victor II. john k 06:43, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Maybe there should be a list compiled of Non-Italian Popes, such as Saint Peter and John Paul II

 * Benedict XVI would be the fifth pope elected from Germany, the sixth pope born in Germany. --Gerald Farinas 17:47, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * In fact, he is the 999,999,999,876th German pope, see Category:German popes. Pope Adrian VI (1522-1523) was the last German pope (the Netherlands where he was born were considered German at his time). Gestumblindi 18:35, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This is incorrect. Adrianus VI is widely considered to be a dutch pope. Please also correct this in the article as well (reference to previous German pope). Have a look at the recent edits of the Pope_Adrian_VI page concerning his nationality

 * Benedict XVI is the first Pope of German descent since Adrian VI. Adrian was not German. Adambondy 20:14, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

External link
I notice that the only external link here is "Cardinal Ratzinger Fan Club website." Some of Carnial Ratzinger's position statements in his own words might be more revealing than this careful pap. --Wetman 07:04, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Wetman - the pope isn't dead yet, so your changes seem inappropriate. john k 20:31, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Cardinal Ratzinger has now been elected, and two of the external links are currently fan pages ! Personally, I do not think such links really bring much to the page... Shouldn't we rather link to pages that may still be relevant in a few years, or at least a few months (thus excluding Blogs), and, when POV pages are included, not only have ONE POV but most of them ? [thus logically including "anti" pages...] --193.56.40.253 17:43, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Title
I don't see why "His Eminence" has to be in there, its not objective.

 * It is the style given to cardinals. In general, we list styles at the beginning of articles. john k 21:20, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * One would say "Your eminence" when directly addressing a Cardinal, "His eminence" when referring to him in his presence. Same goes for ambassadors, for example ("Your excellence"). The trouble is that we don't normally refer to an ambassador as "His Excellence" in a neutral, informal article. A preferential treatment of sorts is not NPOV, even when it's disguised as "style". (I'd say, especially when it's disguised as "style".)

GregorB 22:37, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)

I think you can do it this way or that way without being POV, but personally I'd advocate sticking to the choice the original poster.

Str1977

Leading the Popes funeral
We should add something in here about him leading the papal funeral, it currently makes no reference to this.
 * Yes it does, in the first paragraph: He presided over the funeral of John Paul II and will also preside over the Conclave in 2005. - and please start new sections at the bottom of the page, it's easier to find them. -- Arwel 16:12, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Tighten up this article
This article lacks "tightness." There are now three images, two of which are portrait-style images. I suggest moving the second image to the top (it's much better) and deleting the first image.

I don't see how the paragraph about Ratzinger's comment re: Pope's health in 2003 belongs in here. This was not a noteworthy event but a media tempest in a teapot; while the John Paul II was still alive it was perhaps of interest because of speculation about his health, but now that he has died in 2005 the comment from 2003 is, in hindsight, not particularly significant.

Some questions
We say "he was none-the-less forced to join the Hitler Youth when it became complulsory in 1941." Two questions: Since when was it voluntary to join the HJ before 1941? What actually happened in 1941 was that Ratzinger turned 14, the age at which it was compulsory to join. And in what sense was he "forced" to join? Do we just mean that he had no choice, or that some form of compulsion was applied to him specifically? Adam 08:28, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Further, what is our source for this?

 * Some of Cardinal Ratzingers strongest supporters include Rome's Camillo Ruini, head of the Italian Bishops' Conference, Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Buenos Aires, Angelo Scola of Venice and Sydney Archbishop George Pell, who all believe that fighting Western secularism is the most vital challenge.

As an Australian I can vouch for the fact that Pell, for one, has said nothing in public about his preferences. Adam 08:33, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I personally think Cardinal Ratzinger was a good choice and I hope his papacy is long and well. I also wish for yall to look a profile the BBC did on him in 2003. Zscout370 17:02, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I see a couple of dupicate sections here. Also, what about his stances and view points?

What did he do between his desertion/fleeing in April 1944 and his internment? Which Ally held him in what POW camp? - Morning star 17:54, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

According to CNN, he was captured by US troops and was interned a the US POW camp at Traunstein. - Mitsukai 19:48, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Age limit?
Is there really an age limit of 80 on popes? I thought that only applied to cardinals. -- Walt Pohl 17:03, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * No, the only way the age limit is applied is to the cardinals when a conclave is being conducted. After the conclave, the age limit is pretty much not of concern, until this next pope passes away. Zscout370 17:16, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC
 * There is no age limit on Popes - indeed there was some speculation that Cardinal Gantin could be elected, even though he was ineligible to vote in the Conclave. Therefore we need to change the article to remove this factually incorrect information - Brendanconway (not logged in)--195.10.45.217 17:34, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Why is this page protected ??

To whoever protected this article
Can we change that né (1st sentence) to born; it is better and simpler english. I was trying to make the change when the page was protected. -- Chris j wood 17:11, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It is not Better English, look at the né article and you will see that it is very adequate and it is the term used for all the preceding popes --Astrowob 17:13, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The né article says:

 * The French word née (feminine) or né (masculine) (sometimes written as nee by English speakers) is still commonly used in some newspapers when mentioning the former or maiden name of an individual in engagement or wedding announcements, and is sometimes archly extended to denote earlier names of companies and products.

 * which doesn't sound like a ringing endorsement (some newspapers, archly) of the wording myself. And the article on Pope John Paul II definately uses 'born' not 'né'. I was in process of editing this article to the same format as that when the protection came down. It looks like it is academic now, as an administrator has obviously made the change I was trying to make whilst the article was protected. -- Chris j wood 18:16, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

== There is a duplication at the end of the article can someone who as the authorization fix it? --Astrowob 17:13, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Also, the categories need to be ammended. Kevin Rector (talk) 17:17, Apr 19, 2005

 * There is a duplication at the begining of the article.--Zigamorph 21:10, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * There is no 80 year age limit on popes being elected - technically any male Roman Catholic can be elected.

Removal of early life
Why as Ratzinger's bio been altered to remove his early life and army career? Malicious edit?

Congratulations
Wow, I can't believe Wikipedia! To every Wikipedian: congratulations on this extensive article within moments of official statements, you/we should be proud on ourselves! Switcher 17:31, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * All they did was move the article from Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger. It was that simple. :P --Kitch 17:36, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It's still impressive ;)

 * It's *very* impressive that Wiki had news of white smoke before BBC, CNN, MSNBC, Sky News, Fox News, ABC News, CBS News, PA, AP, Reuters....

 * What are everyone's thoughts on the use of the name "Ratzinger" as oppoed to "Benedict XVI?" I mean, which of the "Ratzingers" in the current article should be changed to his papal name. Just a thought. --Andrew 18:01, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Actually, BBC Radio 4 covered the smoke as it happened; I saw the wiki change soon after.

First picture
When you unprotect the article, I have the first picture of him as pope:

 * I would also include the official photo of His Holiness that the Vatican will take of him in the next few days, but move this to the article about his selection in the conclave. Zscout370 17:37, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)...

The page isn't protected (though it should be) and thanks for the photo. BTW was your adding the Hungarian interwiki link a hint that I should write the article? :) (there's no article in the Hungarian wiki about him yet :) Alensha 18:14, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Uhhh....if you want to think of it that way, then yes, go ahead and do the Hungarian page on him. BTW, I did not upload that photo, but I am just giving hints on where we can find a free use photo. Zscout370 18:16, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for motivating me, I wrote the article in H. wiki. :) BTW can someone make the photo be in the beginning of this article? I hate messing with templates. Alensha 18:40, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Ooh, it's already there. Cool. This article changes faster than I can read. :) Alensha 18:42, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

First words
"Dear brothers and sisters, after the great Pope John Paul II, the cardinals have elected me, a simple, humble worker in the vineyard of the Lord. The fact that the Lord can work and act even with insufficient means consoles me, and above all I entrust myself to your prayers.  In the joy of the risen Lord, trusting in his permanent help, we go forward. The Lord will help us and Mary his very holy mother stands by us." Benedict XVI --Gerald Farinas 18:04, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Policy Direction
This article should include the type of policy direction the Catholic church can expect from this pope. Something along the lines of the following paragraph from this cnn article: "In the Vatican, he has been the driving force behind crackdowns on liberation theology, religious pluralism, challenges to traditional moral teachings on issues such as homosexuality, and dissent on such issues as women's ordination." Monkeyman 18:04, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * As an encyclopedia, I don't think we should speculate about what we could expect from him. We can highlight his past positions, yes.  But we should tread lightly as we ponder what Benedict XVI could do.  We don't prophesize at Wikipedia.  We record facts of events that have happened, not what will happen.  --Gerald Farinas 18:08, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Gloria Olivae?
See Prophecy of the Popes. Someone's pulling our chain. I never heard GO as a motto or name for Ratzinger before this. -- User:Sk4p

I removed it. Whoever posted it was obviously trying to make him fulfull the Prophesies of St. Malachy. If you want to go that route, a more likely interpretation would associate the name "Benedictine" with "Olivetans." --User:mamageek

I removed that reference. Whoever put it there was obviously just trying to make him fit the Prophecies of St. Malachy. He wasn't commonly called that at all. A closer fit, if you want to go that route, is that Benedictines are called Olivetans.

 * "Gloria Oliviae" is not a prophecy for the actual motto of the new pope. It was just a catch phrase that was suppose to prophesize a future pope. The phrase was known long before Ratzinger was elected. There are pages out there concerning the prophecy that hasn't been updated for a few years showing the phrase Gloria Oliviae as the catch phrase for this current pope, and that JPII was the current and living pope. The beauty of the prophesy, if one choose to believe, is that it was known to fit an individual in several ways through word play and actual description. --Kvasir 18:06, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

From ENDTIME ISSUES NEWSLETTER No. 128

Pope # 111: Gloria OlivaeNext Pope after John Paul II. The legend of motto 111 gloria olivaethe glory of the olive, describes the future pope who will succeed John Paul II. In what sense will the next pope be the glory of the olive? Since the olive branch is a well-known symbol of peace, presumably the glory of the olive is peace. Thus, the phrase suggests that the pope who will succeed John Paul II, will be a man committed to promote peace.

Presumably, he will seek to establish peace among the nations, peace among the Catholics, and peace between Catholics and followers of other religions. Malachys prophecy, then, suggests that the pontificate of the next Pope after John Paul II will be distinguished for seeking to promote peace around the world.

If Malachys prophecy for pope #111 gloria olivaethe glory of the olive is correct, we can expect the next pope to build upon the political and ecumenical accomplishments of John Paul II. He will be known as the Pope of Peace, helping to resolve outstanding political conflicts among the nations. His peacemaking efforts will be directed especially to the religious world, leading Christian and non-Christian religions, especially Islam, to accept the Pope as the symbol of the religious unity of mankind. When this happens, the words of Revelation 13:3 will be fulfilled: the whole earth followed the beast with wonder (RSV).

C++???
Is C++ (a computer programming language) really one of his spoken languages?
 * No, Haskell is the divine programming language according to the Catholic tradition. In fact, a driving factor behind the Reformation was Martin Luther's insistence on using Common Lisp instead.
 * I must strictly disagree! The Marthin Luther's reformation was driven mainly by his constant refusal of debuggers, which was translated to his theachings as the "sola fide" and "sola scriptura" articles.
 * All familiar with the work of filker Bob Kanefsky know that God wrote in LISP code when He filled the leaves with green.
 * What the *bleep* are you talking about? MessedRocker 21:33, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)

BENEDICTVM XVI
Question, is there a way we can include this in the article? This is his name in Latin (though not the official one). This was mentioned on the Vatican website. Thanks. Zscout370 18:27, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Actually, it seems the official version is 'Paparazzinger'. Could anyone with the necessary authority and moral right make the correction?

"Benedictum" is the accusative case, as in "We have pope B. XVI". The normal citation would be nominative case, "Benedictus". User:Sk4p
 * Ah. I added the above name, but I put it as "unofficial." The reason why is that several Italian newspapers, and the Vatican website, use the above name. Zscout370 19:10, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Devout anarchist?
Seems to be a (bad taste) joke. Conservative catholic is more accurate

Info Box
Using an Infobox which already contains space for "place of death" and "died" seems tasteless to me --Deprifry 18:36, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree, so I will try to remove that once I got time (and the edits pause for a second). Zscout370 19:19, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * We have to put n/a in the boxes, since this current template is used on all Papal pages. Zscout370 20:08, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * We need a "current pope" infobox, as well as a "dead pope" infobox. -- ALoan (Talk) 20:30, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

language skills
He doesn't speak 10 languages. As far as I know, he speaks German, Italian and French fluently and English and Spanish. 85.124.40.7 18:52, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. You don't even need to log in, although there are several reasons why you might want to.  Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes.  If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.  New contributors are always welcome. — mark ✎ 18:59, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * thank you for the hint. 85.124.40.7 20:15, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Other events on April 19
Just a coincidence, I am sure, but the Oklahoma City bombing was 10 years ago, the Branch Davidian cult siege in Waco was 12 years ago, and the leftist Colombian 19th of April Movement (Movimiento 19 de Abril, M-19) traces its origins to the allegedly fraudulent presidential elections of April 19, 1970. And the American War of Independence started in 1775.

April 19 is also Primrose Day (UK, Conservative Party, Benjamin Disraeli), now slightly marginal.

Adrian VI
Someone put in here that the last German pope was Adrian VI. While it is true that Adrian was of German ancestry, he was not German himself. He was born and lived in the Netherlands. Yes, they were considered German at the time, but by a strict definition he is not a German himself.

 * What is your "strict definition" of "being German", exactly? AFAIK it is customary to define the nationality of famous people according to what they were at the time. E.g. Julius Caesar was dictator of the Roman Empire, not of Italy. Another example: Immanuel Kant is universally considered a German philosopher, although the city of Königsberg, where he was born, lived, and died, is in Russia nowadays. Nobody calls Kant a "Russian philosopher". Gestumblindi 19:41, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The extent to which the Netherlands were considered German in the 15th and 16th centuries is open to a considerably quantity of doubt. Yes, they were part of the Holy Roman Empire, but they were also in the orbit of the Dukes of Burgundy, who were not considered to be German. The Duchy of Lorraine was also part of the Holy Roman Empire at this time. I'd feel uncomfortable calling a pope from Lorraine a "German." john k 20:46, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The language spoken in the Netherlands, however, was German - more precisely, the Low German dialect from which the modern Dutch language developed. This, the German language/culture background of Adrian, together with his ancestry, is IMHO enough to call him "German". Gestumblindi 21:00, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * All newspapers says Adrian was a German (and Dutch) pope. Only petty nationalists in the Netherlands deny he was German.
 * All the newspapers and newschannels I've seen in my country say the last German pope was in the 11th century. I think to simplify things, we should classify popes by where they were born. So Victor II would be German, and Adrian VI would be Dutch.

Josef or Joseph?
Both have been used in the article - can we settle on one? -- 8^D BD2412gab 19:59, 2005 Apr 19 (UTC)
 * "Josef" is the correct spelling.
 * Both, Josef and Joseph (both are pronounced the same way) are correct (although the latter is regarded to be "oldfashioned"). The current pope used Joseph. 85.124.40.7 20:19, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Date question
When did he desert the Wehrmacht? AP says it was in April 1945. Did he desert in 4/1944 or 4/1945?

- Alon Levy.

Will be Installed April 24
The Vatican has announced his solemn inauguration (Mass of Papal Installation) will be 10 AM Rome time on April 24,can someone who edits protected pages add that?--Louis E./le@put.com/12.144.5.2 20:10, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Nazi era
Concerning the Nazi era, an anonymous contributor changed the text:

 * In 1943, at the age of 16 he was, along with the rest of his class, drafted into the Flak or anti-aircraft corps, responsible for the guarding of a BMW plant outside Munich. He went into basic training for the Wehrmacht infantry in November of 1944. In 1945 he was interned in a POW camp as a German soldier.

in

 * son of a policeman who was staunchly anti-Nazi, he was none-the-less forced to join the Hitler Youth when it became complulsory in 1941. In 1943, at the age of 16 he was, along with the rest of his class, drafted into the Flak or anti-aircraft corps, responsible for the guarding of a BMW plant outside Munich. He went into basic training for the Wehrmacht infantry in November of 1944. In 1945 he was interned in a POW camp as a German soldier.

on 17 Apr 2005 (04:05 hours). This was done when Ratzinger after named as a candidate Pope (check for example the history of this Wikipedia article).

 * Can this new information be verified?
 * Especially, can it be controlled or proved that his father was "staunchly" anti-Nazi? And what does this say about the opinion of the young Ratzinger?
 * The new text presents Ratzinger as someone who was put in the Wehrmacht, not as a human being who made a choice. Is this neutral enough? Or is an ethical (and highly disputable) choice made for the "ein Befehl ist ein Befehl" (an order is an order) rethoric??Doorwerth

I tried to create more neutral language about Ratzinger's Hitler Youth membership and army service. Not sure how the duplication mess will sort out relative to my changes. I'm still concerned about the description of his father as "anti-Nazi." Do we have any evidence about that? It is more-or-less pro-forma to describe everyone in Germany around 1935-40 as anti-Nazi as a sort of blanket apology, especially for those you want to present in positive light (whether or not that light is fair). Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 20:43, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This is more neutral but the current version is inconsistent: It is quoted that he was not attending any meetings while -in the next line- it is stated that he assistend the anti-aircraft corps. Doorwerth 21:05, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Papal arms
The arms depicted indicate a cardinal, not a pope - hence the red velvet hat and the number of tassels. Until new arms are issued, shouldn't the CAPTION say that these are "Ratzinger's arms" as currently borne, instead of calling them his "papal arms"? These arms belong to the man, not to the office.

Cf. the tiara over JP II's arms.

 * As for the first issue, we are going to use the arms provided by the Vatican until a new one is created. The second issue, we have to create a new template for this page in order for your suggestion to work. Zscout370 20:21, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes these aren't his papal arms but his cardinal arms. The new ones aren't designed yet. Fear ÉIREANN  20:25, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism
My personal opinions aside, I don't think a picture of the Emperor from the Star Wars films is an appropriate portrait of the new pope.
 * Agreed, now that picture is on IfD. Zscout370 18:17, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thank you for removing the "devout anarchist" slur, someone needs to grow up.
 * I did not remove it, but your welcome. With a page like this, there will be many vandals, and so will be many people trying to revert everything that they do. Zscout370 19:14, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Duplication
The whole page is currently duplicated threefold, and has been so for a while. Edits have probably been made to all duplicates,. This was the last version before duplication:, Alarm 19:39, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I fixed the problem, Alarm. If there is anything that is new that I might have taken out accidentally, then go ahead and add new entries. Zscout370 19:44, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Note, I am still doing this. See me on my talk page if you have any issues. Zscout370 19:57, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

This article is in a hell of a mess. I assume that you who blocked it from editing are going to sort it out yourself??? Arcturus 19:59, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I have no admin powers, plus I should have clarified that the only page that I am clearing duplicates on is this one. But no matter what, both pages are a hell of a mess and will take a while to fix. Zscout370 20:01, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

UNPROTECT
Who protected this page??? The image doesn't show because the image tag is duplicated: image:image:. FIX NOW AND UNPROTECT!! Cantus… ☎   19:59, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * WOW, this article is one BIG mess. Admins please sort this mess out and then unprotect!! Cantus… ☎   20:02, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * I am sure they are trying to do that. I just hope this will not screw up Wikipedia's reputation. Zscout370 20:06, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * So help me God, I will keep this page protected as long as I have to to fix the rampant doubling. I protected it for a few minutes (~8-10) to fix up to tripling in some areas; it took some doing, since people continued to add info. It's not helpful when admin continue to edit a protected page, even though they are warned to. (No reason to waste time putting up a "this page is protected" message, that as well as the servers are running right now that would have taken too much time, and contributed to my own edit conflicts). I fixed the first doubling, then just now protected to fix another round of doubling which was thankfully fixed just before I protected. I will continue doing this every time doubling occurs which isn't immediately remedied; if you have a better idea, I'd love to hear it. --Golbez 20:11, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * Golbez, copy and paste everything into a text document (go to edit this page, press Ctrl and A, then paste it into a Notepad document). Save it, and when problems arise, go to edit this page, open up the Notepad file, then copy and paste from there. It is almost like having a local backup. Zscout370 20:21, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Page renamed to follow Naming conventions (names and titles) on cardinals. FearÉIREANN 02:28 10 Jul 2003 (UTC)
 * Note: Please sign all entries with the four tildes ~ . Thank you. Zscout370 20:05, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Archive for Resolved Issues. Zscout370 20:30, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

idiot messing up the page
which idiot is messing up the page and massively duplicating sections?
 * No idea, but I am hoping this mess will be fixed soon. Right now, I am trying to reorganize this talk page and arhciving a lot of stuff. Zscout370 20:37, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * and why is the messed up page protected!!?
 * Once again, no idea why, but this is starting to piss me off. Zscout370 20:41, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Who is doing it? Why can't we just block this vandal?

I protected the page so I could clean up the duplicates without encountering edit conflicts. AndyL 21:10, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Unfortunate Vandalism
1. The photo of Adolf Hitler is misleading. Yes Mr. Ratzinger was a former Hitler Youth, but the text states this was a requirement by law and not a choice of the young man. So the Hitler photo is unnecesary.

2.Benedict was considered to be Pope John Paul II's "right hand man" and also one of his closest friends, and during the Pope's final illness, he carried out many of the Pope's functions as leader of the Catholic Church, such as molesting young boys and degrating women. This sort of speaks for itself.

3. He is the eighth German pope. The last German pope, Adrian VI, was elected in 1522 and died in 1523. He is also the oldest cardinal to become pope since Clement XII, who like Ratzinger was elected at age 78. ''The reasoning behind picking such a old pope, is simple. They have not yet made up their mind and hope to soon find him dead so they can pick the guy they really want.'' Totally inappropriate editorializing in what is supposed to be an encyclopedic article.

Maybe we should protect this site so that once the news isn't as fresh, there'd be less vandalism. Ramsquire 21:20, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

We must NOT protect this site. Our reputation as an encyclopedia is based on our ability to react to change. People tried it on with John Paul II, and the protection was reverted, resulting in a transformed article. There is a huge energy for this article right now, and we must nopt waste it, --SqueakBox 19:23, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC) Wenn ich schlafe, spielen auf meiner Zunge Pinguine Harfe - Taktloss
 * Plus, as Squeak said, many people are going to target current event stories, since many people will come up and look at these articles. I would also like to point out that the vandalism is reverted in seconds, so we should be fine for right now. Zscout370 19:28, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Sorry for the previous anon post. I always forget to sign in. If you guys are on top of the vandalism, then I guess it's unnecessary to protect the site. Vandalism is the one major drawback to the whole wiki-experiment. But I guess it's the price to pay in an open forum like this. Ramsquire 21:20, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC) _________________________________________________________________

While many theologians strive for a Catholic Church that is more open and in touch with the world around it, Ratzinger’s mission is to stamp out dissent, and curb the “wild excesses” of this more tolerant era.

He wields the tools of his office with steely efficiency. By influencing diocese budgets, bishops’ transfers and even excommunications, what an opponent calls “symbolic violence”, Ratzinger has clamped down on the more radical contingent of the Church.

He has even claimed the prime position of the Church of Rome over other Christian Churches. Although he has apologised for this, he has never been so contrite about excluding liberation theologians, more progressive priests or those in favour of the ordination of women.

Thank you for not posting this stuff in the actual article, anon-user, but maybe if you have cites backing this info up, you can add a detractor section to the article. It might be helpful to present a balanced profile. Ramsquire 21:20, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Wrong and/or missleading statements
from the current state of the article:

Ratzinger was not an enthusiastic member but during the same period, 4 milion other German teenagers did not joint the it.

Sorry, but this is wrong english! Wikipedia being an Encyclopedia, such opinions are uncalled for! a link to Hitler Jugend is enough for anyone interested in knowing what happend. Neither that a Historian wrote that Ratzinger was enthusiastic or not, nor the fact that 4 million teenager did not join is relevant for this page.

Please keep the facts, remove the opinions --ManagementBoy 20:46, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The previous German pope
The introduction says that Pope Benedict XVI "is the first German Pontiff since Adrian VI (1522-1523)". But in the 'Recent news and influence' section, we read that "[t]he last German pope, Pope Victor II, was elected in 1055 and died in 1057." What's going on here? 4pq1injbok 21:04, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Adrian VI was both Dutch and German. His ancestors were from what is now Germany, and Dutch people were considered Germans, just like the people living in Schleswig or Bavaria, in his lifetime.
 * But now, people in the Netherlands are Dutch, and all the people living in areas, which were formerly under German control, are now considered as Polish, Czech, or whatever the case may be.
 * The Poles is a different people. The Low Germans were as much German as any other Germans.

German Popes
this article says both:
 * "The last German pope, Pope Victor II, was elected in 1055 and died in 1057."
 * Benedict XVI is "the first German Pontiff since Adrian VI (1522-1523)."

Do these contradict? Kingturtle 21:05, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I believe so, however, it should be reworded to this effect: "Before Benedict XVI, the last pope that was elected from Germany was Pope Victor II (r.1055-1057). The last pope from Germanic decent was Adrian VII (r.1522-1523)." Zscout370 21:20, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * See the discussion above at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Pope_Benedict_XVI#Adrian_VI - I'd say that Adrian VI can be considered German and thus is the last German pope, not Victor II. Gestumblindi 21:23, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * All newspapers says Adrian VI is the last German pope.
 * All the newschannels and newspapers I've seen say that the last German pope was in the 11th century, which would make Victor II (1055-1057) the last German pope. Adrian VI was born in the Netherlands.

 * Yes, he was born in the Netherlands, one the German countries of his time. His ancestors also was from what is now Germany (the state founded 1871). FAZ refer to Adrian as German.

 * Okay, I accept his ancestry. But to keep things simple for people who will undoubtably not look up minor details such as which country controlled the Netherlands in the 16th century and will think of nationality in terms of modern day borders, we should classify popes by where they were born in terms of modern day borders.

Image Copyright
(I'd have posted in the previous Image section, but as that has been duplicated several times I didn't want to get in the way of cleaning up). I don't think a Reuters image counts as fair use, though it's been tagged that way. Hopefully the current image can be replaced as quickly as possible with an actual fair use image, such as any official photograph the Vatican releases. — Asbestos | Talk  21:25, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I would wait a week or two for any official photos to be released by the Vatican. Zscout370 21:30, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Vatican Announcement
FYI:

"Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam:

Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum Josephum Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem Ratzinger qui sibi nomen imposuit Benedictum XVI"

That is something we can put at a later date on the article. Zscout370 21:31, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Edit war and vandalism
We seem to have an edit war over the 'germaness' of Adrian, and stupid vandalism of the 'Poop Benedict' variety going on. Going to be a long night... Djbrianuk 21:32, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Every single important newspaper refer to Adrian as a German pope. I suggest we block the vandal who keeps inserting "Poop" and Victor II.

The major newschannels and newspapers in my country are saying the last German pope was in the 11th century. I'm the one editing the Victor part, though I have NEVER, not even once, written the Poop Benedict. I think that is complete uncalled for.

POV
The current article contains a bias in favour of the individual. Eg. quote from supporter, quote from self, POV attempt to suggest what the catholic church believes in 'universally' (this is certainly disagreed with by many self-proclaimed catholics.) No details on past criticisms and his attacks on priests he declared heretical.--Fangz 21:37, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Format
While if it's true this can be in the article I don't see how the following should possibly go in the introduction:

''Benedict is seen as a traditionalist — he is nicknamed "God's Rottweiler" because of his fierce and creative mastybation habits and a dislike of defence of papal principles. He is a controversial choice. He is a critic of homosexuality and gay marriage and has denounced other Christian churches as deficient.''

 * Assuming you're talking about "his creative mastybation habits," that's merely childish vandalism. If you're asking about the version that's up now without the vandalism, I'd say it's in the introduction because it's a pretty important part of how he's viewed in the Church and in the outside world. — Asbestos | Talk

The "God's Rottweiler" moniker seems to be a new phenomenon beginning with the death of John Paul II. A google search does not find any evidence of use in the press prior to April 3rd, 2005. It seems quite biased, mostly fueled by the press, and not a good fit for an encyclopedia.

-

The paragraph that replaced the above is also very problematic. It is filled with conjecture. Nothing in it can be taken as fact and there is no attempt to back any of the assumptions up. It is all opinion with a very obvious critical slant that does not belong in the introduction. To highlight 'Dogma und Verkündigung' and mischaracterize its contents illustrates how questionable it is.

The Pope's Namesake
Is it really Benedict XV, as suggested in the article, and not Benedict XII -- "Putting the Smackdown on Heresy Since 1317"?

title: Talk:Pope Benedict XVI/Archive 1


text:
User:Jayjg/Alberuni

This page lists all Confirmed and Suspected sockpuppets of banned User:Alberuni; see also Requests_for_arbitration/Alberuni/Proposed_decision.

Primary Userid

 * Sep 15 - Dec 12 2004)

Sockpuppets

 * (Dec 20 2004)
 * (Dec 20 - Dec 27 2004)
 * (Dec 24 - Dec 27 2004)
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 * (Apr 6 - Apr 14, May 13)
 * (Apr 20 2005)
 * (Apr 21, 2005)
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 * (August 7, 2005)
 * (August 7, 2005)
 * (August 7, 2005)
 * (August 4 - August 13, 2005)
 * (October 11, 2006)
 * (December 13-21, 2007)

Islamist sockpuppets

 * (Nov 30 - Dec 25 2004)
 * (April 15 - Apr 18, 2005)
 * (September 6 - October 12, 2006)

Female sockpuppets

 * (Dec 3 - Dec 20 2004)
 * (February 13 - August 1, 2005)
 * (August 10, 2005)

Strawman sockpuppets

 * (Apr 19, May 11 2005)
 * (July 30, 2005)
 * (July 30, 2005)
 * (October 2 - October 9, 2006)

Abusive sockpuppet names

 * (Jun 16, 2005)

Jew attacking sockpuppet names

 * (Dec 21 - Dec 22 2004)
 * (Dec 28 2004)
 * (Apr 29, 2005)
 * (May 4, 2005)
 * (May 8 - May 9, 2005)
 * (June 8, 2005)
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 * (July 14, 2005 - August 14, 2005)
 * (August 8, 2005)
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 * (November 29, 2006)

Editor attacking sockpuppet names

 * (Dec 1 2004)
 * (May 5, 2005)
 * (May 27, 2005)
 * (July 10, 2005)

AT&T WorldNet

 * (Sep 15 2004 - Feb 13 2005)

24.30.67.0/24

 * (Apr 20 - Apr 21, 2005)
 * (August 24, 2005)

Earthlink

 * (June 9, 2005)

4.153.208.0/19

 * (August 22, 2005)
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4.154.10.0/22

 * (August 25, 2005)
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4.154.66.0/19

 * (August 20, 2005)
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BellSouth

 * (January 2-3, 2006)
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 * (May 2, 2006) (this one has some nice edit summaries)
 * (May 3, 2006)
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 * (May 7, 2006)
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 * (May 18, 2006) (nice edit summary here too)
 * (May 19, 2006)
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 * (December 20, 2007)

Georgia State University

 * (November 29, 2006)

Suspected

 * (May 6, 2005)
 * (August 27, 2005)
 * (August 27, 2005)
 * (August 27, 2005)
 * (March 10, 2006)

AOL accounts - 64.12.116.00/23

 * (March 25, 2006)
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title: User:Jayjg/Alberuni


text:
Talk:Jazz Jackrabbit

Fair use rationale for Image:Jazz Jackrabbit gameplay.screenshot.png
Image:Jazz Jackrabbit gameplay.screenshot.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 16:56, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Page moved. Ucucha 12:02, 21 January 2010 (UTC)

Jazz Jackrabbit (series) → Jazz Jackrabbit
 * Per Naming conventions (video games): If a video game series has a naming conflict solely with the first game in the series (e.g., Final Fantasy), the series page should reside at the primary name if the series possesses a minimum of 3 video game articles as well as at least one other unrelated video game or related media item. Otherwise, the first game in the series should occupy the primary name, and the series article should be disambiguated with "... (series)". There are five video games in the series, and two of them, a 1994 video game and a 2002 video game, are known as just "Jazz Jackrabbit", so making the series page the main article would make sense. —84.92.117.93 (talk) 21:49, 13 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Currently page Jazz Jackrabbit is a disambig of 5 choices. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 23:23, 13 January 2010 (UTC)

 * The move makes sense to me. All articles on that disambiguation page should be linked to from here anyway. -- Sabre (talk) 23:24, 13 January 2010 (UTC)
 * If that's the convention, go for it. -- Sander (talk) 10:21, 15 January 2010 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Splitting Jazz Jackrabbit 3
There is a canceled game in the Jazz Jackrabbit series, Jazz Jackrabbit 3D: Adventures of a Mean Green Hare that needs spliting into the new article. 78.148.59.52 (talk) 18:49, 29 May 2021 (UTC)

I am for. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.235.183.109 (talk • contribs)

Inspiration
I know JJ was inspired by the likes of Sonic as well as being loosely based on Aesop's The Tortoise and the Hare, but are there any official info/confirmation that the series and character were also inspired by Bucky O'Hare? Considering some similarities between the two I heard some people say this is the case and I don't doubt it but I haven't been able to find some official sources.--195.178.177.170 (talk) 08:35, 30 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jazz Jackrabbit


text: User talk:208.187.181.131

title: User talk:208.187.181.131


text:
Category:Dog monuments

This category collects articles about monuments to dogs.

title: Category:Dog monuments