text:
Talk:Pontiac Fiero

Untitled: Recall
It would be nice to have more detail on the recall issues of the car early on. From what I remember, the 4-cyl engine was from a Pontiac economy car, but when they shoehorned it in, it required a smaller-capacity oil pan. Since a lot of people also drive with an engine that's a quart or so low anyway, that meant the oil would be disastrously low. The recall added an external oil cooler that held another quart or so of oil.

There were also some spectacular engine fires in these cars, plus the fact that they were made from the Enduraflex plastic panels - nice for weight, but not as good when your car's on fire.

--165.254.107.2 16:25, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Engine fires
Engine fires occurred only in the 1984 4-cylinder Fieros as a result of improperly routed fuel lines and poor choice of fuel line material. The problem was corrected with an engineering design change and a manufacturer's recall, and didn't affect the series for the rest of its production run. The stuff about cheap connecting rods and borrowed parts is pure speculative hogwash, and probably doesn't belong in the article. --QuicksilverT @ 23:54, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

 * My understanding, and I had a 1984 2M4 before buying a 1988 GT, is that many of the problems were created because the engine was designed to be mounted vertically in the (front) engine compartment of a vehile, but was instead mounted with the top of the engine inclined forward. This supposedly led to the dipstick being miscalibrated by a quart, so when the stick read "full" it was, in fact, a quart low.  It would be nice to get some verifiable information on the exact problem as this is the first I've heard that it was a fuel line problem. -- Tall Girl 01:06, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Engine fires did in fact mainly occur in the 1984 fiero's and it was in fact, at the factory's own admission due to failing connecting rods. A large percentage of the rods were weakened from improper construction, and some would break. That is why the Recall for that year included the engine rods being replaced.

http://www.internetautoguide.com/auto-recalls/67-int/1984/pontiac/fiero/base/ - Click the Second Recall, this is official

And yes, Fiero's also had low oil-level issues, which if unchecked would accelerate the breaking of the rods. It was due to the redesign of the engine with a lower oil capacity. XanthReturns 13:10, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

The Fiero was redesigned in 1987 and canceled the next year amidst the engine fire controversy. I realize this article is most likely being edited by Fiero fans, but it seems to give short-shrift to a major "notable" (as in, widely reported) issue with the car, that many people attributed to it being removed from the market. 71.134.228.37 (talk) 08:41, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

An additional problem leading to catastrophic engine fires in the 1984 models alone is related to the decklid design and installation of an open magnesium alloy grille directly over the engine and exhaust manifold, which allowed debris (like leaves) to accumulate and encourage fires to start around the exhaust and ignite hot oil that was often splashed or pooled around the valve cover of the Iron Duke (Tech4) engine as they had a natural tendency to leak oil or simply have some oil spilled during routine filling.

Unchecked fires and leaving the decklid closed to burn could lead to the magnesium grille being sufficiently heated to begin melting and then ignite in a far more intense fire than would otherwise be possible. Late 84 models appear to have a solid, covered decklid, but still include the grille underneath as a structural component. (I'm unsure if the alloy composition was changed from the original magnesium casting) Such catastrophic fires may also be related to Pontiac's initial mistaken diagnosis of the engine failure and fires in preproduction testing. (I have not seen documentation of such, but severe fires caused by molten magnesium would certainly explain some of the odd conclusions made where less severe damage should have made correct analysis quite simple)

Additionally, numerous GM products had similar casting flaws during this period, including connecting rods in other Iron Duke powered vehicles as well as the 2.8L V6 (used in the Fiero among many other GM products), however they tended to do so after much heavier abuse, higher mileage, and in less catastrophic fashion unrelated to engine seizure. A worn, stressed rod would tend to snap and subsequently puncture the oil pan, causing the oil to leak out while making very obvious noise and feedback to the driver, making further driving in such condition unlikely (if the engine was even capable of still running, it would eventually seize due to the lack of oil and then likely throw another rod, but such situations would be very unlikely). Additionally, with the oil draining from the punctured pan and not the block, oil would not directly flow onto the exhaust manifold and would simply drain onto the ground, avoiding conditions leading to a fire.

The vulnerable location of fuel lines (and use of flammable, non-metallic fuel line materials) and insufficiently heat shielded wiring harness added to the problems, but themselves were not major problems in starting fires, rather were more often involved in making fires more severe by providing fuel (wire insulation and/or fuel line material and then gasoline) and were also significant factors in turning minor oil fires (unrelated to the connecting rod failures, and simply related to accumulated engine oil and debris near the exhaust manifold) into disasters. Old or damaged spark plug wires are also capable of starting fires and are located directly over the exhaust manifold, but were not common causes of problems for new cars and are a much more common issue for old, particularly very high mileage vehicles. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kool kitty89 (talk • contribs) 04:25, 17 July 2019 (UTC)

"After Production"
Does this newly added section seem somewhat ad-like? It re-states facts from the top of the article about the formation of clubs and relative popularity, but it seems like the point is to mention the specific die cast model.

Regardless, it's better than nothing as a starting point to document merchandising and the kit car aftermarket. I'll try to expand somewhat on the latter this weekend. ChrisCostello 20:43, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

brief history
hey, was there ANY dohc i-4s being produced by GM at all during the fiero production run???RCHM 00:58, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

 * There was one that ended up overlapping (barely) the time that the Fiero was in production: the GM Quad-4 engine. But I only think they were put into a few N-Cars at that time. I remember having one of those engines in an Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais. I had stopped being a field rep in 1988 and departed the company the following year.  75.166.45.226 (talk) 06:04, 6 December 2008 (UTC)

repeated spam
anyone able to ban the IPs that keep loading this article up with forum spam? Thanks, Stuph 03:26, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

Fieros in the Media
Why are you keep deleting this section? There is nothing wrong with and every other cult car has section detailing where the vehicle is seen. After all, if you read the top of the article, it says "This article consists mostly of statistical data, and does not contain sufficient information about the subject. Please edit this page reduce the amount of statistics, and introduce more information about the subject." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.234.248.148 (talk • contribs) 00:29, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

 * first off, you should not be putting the request to not delete in the main article. second, this is not the imcdb.com.  it weighs down the article and makes obscure references that do nothing to educate the public on the history of the car.  should I edit this article to include every fiero I see in my hometown?  Stuph 01:11, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The article is not solely about the history of the car. I see no reference that the page can only be about the history, it can be about anything about the Fiero. The information under the section contains well-known movies so Fiero fans know where to look to see their favorite car, not pay reference to every Fiero made. You were saying that you could include every Fiero in your hometown, so do you know any famous Fieros around your area? Peace. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.178.5.62 (talk • contribs) 02:50, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

 * until others weigh in on the issue, it will stay removed from the article. Stuph 03:49, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

No it won't. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.234.248.148 (talk • contribs) 13:40, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I have requested a third opinion Third_opinion on this issue, as recommended for conflict resolution. I welcome valid reasoning to maintain such a list.  (also, please sign your messages)  Stuph 01:09, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

 * If it's worth a crap, I think it's a very useful section I actually liked seeing in the history. All you other losers that keep saying "this is not whatever spam site.com" can go to hell. I hope that section is added back... it IS relevant to this article - if it were talking about Explorers and Firebirds, THEN we'd have a problem! Meanwhile, bug off and let the section be. 69.227.85.16 10:43, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I think the section on famous fieros is useless but could be somewhat entertaining. However, I think this whole argument is petty and ridiculous.  How immature can you get? for god's sake suck it up!!!!!  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.229.201.16 (talk) 20:27, 5 September 2008 (UTC)

Third opinion
Though I don't have issue with the section in principle, the information inside it is unreferenced. It needs to be verifiable with reliable sources for it to be included. As an aside however, what's the point? I don't see what this adds to the article, and most of these references are trivial. Fagstein 04:55, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

 * thank you. now let's hope the unregistered user that keeps adding it, stops until it is either improved or severely edited to make relevant. Stuph 21:09, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

Unreferenced
Large parts of this article contain unreferenced statements that could be considered original research. If the article remains as such for longer than a week I'm going to start pruning it down considerably. Fagstein 04:46, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

Untitled: Stroke
There are repeated references to the long-stroke design of the Iron Duke on this page which are WHOLLY inaccurate. The stroke of the engine is 3.0", tied with several engines for the second smallest stroke (with the 301 Pontiac, 302/283/265 Chev 2.8 V6 etc).

The shortest stroke GM (as far as I know) goes to Buick's 82-87 3.0 V6, a severely destroked relative of the 3.8 at 2.66" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.138.137.220 (talk • contribs) 20:36, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

Statistical, what?
by what standard is this 'mostly statistical?' what part is that flag even talking about?12.6.40.2 02:06, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

External links?
Would it be permitted to add links for technical info under an "external links" section, as in the MR2 article? Ajfiero 23:08, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

Responses to other comments:
1. When the Fiero was in production, GM was producing an early version of the Oldsmobile-designed 2.3L Quad 4 which was a DOHC 4-cylinder engine. It was widely speculated to be offered in the Fiero in 1989 or 1990 if the car had not been cancelled.

2. The Fiero 2.5L 4-cylinder engine was mounted vertically in the engine bay, not inclined.

3. The fuel lines were not implicated as a initial cause of fires in the Fiero. It was mainly the connecting rods, and lesser suspicions of the valve-cover gasket, and the computer wiring harness was thought to be too close to the catalytic converter or exhaust manifold. Both of these hypothetical problems were addressed by the recall, even if they hadn't been proven to have caused any fires.

The recall included many fixes which proactively fireproofed materials which were not known to be the intial cause of fire but which could burn if a fire had already started. To this end, fireproof insulation was wrapped around wires and the rubber rain gutter was removed from the forward edge of the trunk lid. It is obvious a rubber rain gutter could not ignite itself, and could not be the cause of a fire, but like tires, it could start burning in the presence of an open flame and maybe help a fire spread. The fireproofing efforts were largely successful; yet it is interesting to note that the Saturn SL used a body structure similar to the Fiero, but GM made used of a steel hood over the engine on the Saturn instead of fiberglass. The Corvette continues to this day with a fiberglass hood, which is what the Fiero trunk was made of.

4. The recall didn't add an oil cooler, rather it included switching to a larger oil filter (PF51) which held an extra 1/5 quart or so. The existing oil pan was able to hold the remainder of the extra quart of oil. The allowed the engine to tolerate being a quart low and still have three quarts in the pan. The PF51 has been superceded now by the PF52. The original dipstick was not miscalibrated, but the recall replaced the dipstick with one that would read FULL on 4 quarts instead of three, because the goal was to increase the oil reserve in the oil pan, since some owners were not checking the oil very often. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 70.9.107.176 (talk) 02:24, 9 March 2007 (UTC).

The Fiero was tested with a V8 in it at test tracks, however due to the car's design and weight with the V8 installed, it beat the crap out of the corvette at the time which was GM's flagship sports car and GM couldn't have the entry level inexpensive fiero doing this so it was never officially released with a V8 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.73.139.193 (talk) 17:30, 29 January 2009 (UTC)

Fixed 'horny' Edit
In the edit 14:19, 27 May 2009 63.174.27.7, 'Wild' was changed to horny. I've changed this back because it looked like vandalism to me and every dictionary I checked listed 'Fiero' as 'Wild' or sometimes 'savage'. Posting this in Talk because I wasn't sure why it hadn't already been fixed. Aspengrey (talk) 08:22, 3 June 2009 (UTC)

Surely not
"Not keeping the modern, space-saving doughnut-type spare could also result in a mismatched balance of Front:Rear weight ratio (OEM was 49%F:51%R), whether by omitting the tire or keeping a full-size spare instead."

And having passengers or luggage, or even a full fuel tank could have the same effect! Removing as unsourced. Rich Farmbrough, 03:39, 5 November 2009 (UTC).

Major improvements necessary.
Most of this article is not remotely encyclopedic in tone, and parts of it are nearly incomprehensible. I'm tempted to start some major rewrites for form and clarity, so if I inadvertently render something inaccurate, please step in and fix my fixes (but please don't just revert)! --Jay (Histrion) (talk • contribs) 14:02, 31 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Here's an example: "Three times he was told by counterparts at other GM divisions that his car had been killed by the corporate bean-counters. However, these messages proved to be accurate except the survival of the car depended on the finger-tips of high ranked defenders [...]" I'm twisting my head around how to read this, since "These people said the car had been killed, however, they were correct" doesn't seem to make much sense, grammatically or logically. I'm going to assume that what the writer meant was "however, certain high-ranked defenders within the corporation actually kept the Fiero production alive." --Jay (Histrion) (talk • contribs) 15:01, 31 January 2013 (UTC)

Agree major improvements required. While internal GM politics were rampant in the '80s, lots of the article sounds like office gossip and not cited reporting. One of the central innovations only briefly mentioned was the space frame technology. Sadly this died at GM with the Fiero. This structural design was not only behind the crash-worthiness of the Fiero, it is the reason it takes so well to after market modifications. GM even referred to the easy update nature of the design, as the body panels were not required for structural integrity, but merely cosmetic 'fascia' panels easily modified for multiple variations or model year updates. The wide range of body styles during the short 5 year run of the car as well as wide range of kit car adaptations demonstrates principle. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 180.149.200.3 (talk) 01:56, 28 November 2014 (UTC)

Unit conversion?
Why are the units of measure in the infobox in Metric converting into US Customary? If this is a US car, built only in the US by a US company, why wouldn't US Customary measurements be the standard? Magus732 (talk) 22:00, 30 July 2016 (UTC)

The Fiero was made a time when GM was transitioning to metric measurements and a number of dimensions were specified as both metric and American Standard while components themselves were a mixture of metric and standard measures, including bolt pattern and sizes used. (bolts and nuts were predominantly metric sized by this point, and the exceptions to this can make things somewhat confusing, particularly for maintenance: it's one reason having both metric and standard tools on-hand is important)

Additionally, the V6 used in the Fiero was metric at 89 by 76 mm bore and stroke (hence the somewhat odd, fractional bore and stroke sizes when converted to standard) while the Tech4 (Iron Duke) 4 cylinder was originally Standard and also converted fairly easily to Metric given the 4.0 by 3.0 inch bore and stroke (exactly 101.6 and 72.6 mm) and 150.8 ci or 2471 cc volume (rounded to 2.5L). As I recall, the car was mostly metric in is actual assembled parts and fasteners, at least as far as most commonly serviced parts went. (at least the bolt and nut head patterns were nearly all metric, though torque specifications for bolts and nuts are generally given in American Standard foot-pounds) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kool kitty89 (talk • contribs) 03:15, 17 July 2019 (UTC)

2.5L L4 Oil Pan Capacity
From what I can tell from searching around actual GM literature, there were never any model-specific changes made to the oil pan of the Fiero's Iron Duke (Tech4) engine. The configuration and capacity were similar to the same basic Tech4 engines being used in various transverse and longitudinal mounts of Pontiac and other GM cars and trucks at the time and later.

Various articles online (and news reports from the 1980s) erroneously cite that a smaller than normal oil pan was fitted to the Fiero, which is incorrect. The only oddity of the Fiero's oil pan was a misprint in the manual and on the dipstick of the early 1984 model year production cars that gave only 3 quarts (typical manuals from the period and later seem to list 3.5 or 4 quarts depending on configuration and oil filter used, and the S-10 truck line appears to list 3.5 quarts for oil changes).

The mid-model-year recall following engine fire issues changed the oil fill instructions and dipstick, and recommended a larger oil filter, but didn't change the oil pan dimensions or design at all. The existing 1984 engine was already capable of being filled to 4 quarts of oil without problems and could comfortably hold 4.5 quarts with the larger filter fitted. The Iron Duke engine itself also appears to tolerate overfilling of oil to 5 quarts without noticeable problems, but this seems to be limited to anecdotal reports and not specific to any GM literature.

Additionally, the recall and change were made mid-way or late in the 1984 model year (during 1984, prior to the start of 1985 production) but confusion seems to arise due to the manner in which GM performed the recall on a case by case basis for existing end-users and with limited publicity rather than a comprehensive recall notification. This seems to have resulted in the lingering controversy and scandal and consumer lawsuits drawing out to 1987 even though the actual problems had been realized and addressed on the production line back in 1984. (the recall also included a much more extensive set of detail modifications to the engine bay and replacement of poor quality connecting rods in the engines, but the oil fill issue didn't involve any physical modifications to the engine itself and was also extremely simple and inexpensive to change at the dealer or end user level)

Extremely poor public relations and user informational material following the discovery of the oil fill level and routine maintenance instruction problems seems to be the main cause of all that confusion and much of the negative PR the car received. The lighter, thinner 5w30 oil specified for the engine (mainly for lower friction and better fuel economy) also exacerbated the issue by allowing oil to evaporate or burn more readily as well as escape from minor leaks more easily. (using heavier 10w30 or 10w40 rated oil is one consumer level improvement not specified by GM's own service manuals; though is not recommended in extreme cold conditions)

Further, there seems to be generally inconsistent and poor information from news reports dating back to the period, citing erroneous figures and information related to both the cause and number of engine fires as well as confusing other maintenance issues with fires and giving the same false information regarding how (and sometimes when) the problems were addressed. (again all apparently related to GM's own lack of transparency on the issue earlier on)

Further recalls in the late 80s and an apparent total recall on all 4-cylinder models in 1990 seem to be related to all the confusion over the actual problems and a resulting perception of the problem still existing. Actual, documented engine fire incidents from cars in the 1985 model year onward don't appear to have unusual incidences of fire or other maintenance problems compared to comparable GM cars of the period being operated in a similar manner. Additionally, the quality control of castings used in the 1984 model year (affecting both the connecting rods and engine block) were common across all GM products using the same manufacturing facilities and it seems only the difference in Fiero owner behavior combined with the oil fill instructions led to significant increases in failure with that model over others at the time. (this would include both the tendency to be more abusive with the cars and the somewhat unusual maintenance procedures specific to the mid-engine transverse mounting, including proper detection and response to minor engine bay fires unrelated to any serious failure: minor oil leaks typical of the Iron Duke engine could result in relatively small fires that could be easily extinguished by immediate driver action, but could become serious if ignored or allowed to burn: this includes contradicting the conventional wisdom of leaving the engine lid closed and instead directly inspecting and addressing the fire; further such minor oil fires would tend to burn themselves out with the engine off and decklid open even without further intervention, but could cause serious damage of the loss of the vehicle if left to smolder with the lid closed and especially with the engine running)

The current wikipedia article also cites the change in oil fill instruction and the fact the actual capacity did not change, but this is later in the article and contradicts the statement made near the introduction. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kool kitty89 (talk • contribs) 04:03, 17 July 2019 (UTC)

Claimed fuel economy
Total bullshit, which doesn't reflect the 2016 "revision" (READ: mea culpa) of the EPA's mileage ratings going back to 1984. 2607:FEA8:BFA0:BD0:70F1:59B7:41EF:8EAF (talk) 14:34, 2 December 2019 (UTC)

 * And do you have any proof backing up this claim? U1 quattro   TALK  07:46, 21 April 2020 (UTC)

POV
This article is clearly the "baby" of a Fierophile, and is infused with POV in every section. It needs dispassionate editing. 2607:FEA8:BFA0:BD0:70F1:59B7:41EF:8EAF (talk) 14:37, 2 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pontiac Fiero


text: User talk:141.129.1.98

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:141.129.1.98


text:
Talk:Ivan Raidenovitch Raikov

Do we really need an article on Major Raikov? The last Raikov article was merged with the Raiden one, since he was considered too much of a minor character (a joke character even). Not to mention there are far more deserving characters (such as Fortune and Eva) that still don't have a Wikipedia article.

I created this because I felt there was enough information to make one. I see no reason to remove it as it is more or less complete but if you feel it should be removed then make a notion to do so yourself. Hansamurai 06:21, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

 * It's just that I think there are more important characters to cover before Raikov. Raikov had a screen-presence of what? Five minutes through the whole game? And he's not even that essential to the plot. I personally believe there should be a list minor Metal Gear characters for characters that only have minor presence in the games, but that's just me.Jonny2x4 19:47, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ivan Raidenovitch Raikov


text:
Portal:European Union/Featured article

Paris is the capital city of France, as well as the capital of the Île-de-France région, whose territory encompasses Paris and its suburbs. The city of Paris proper is also a département, called Paris département (French: département de Paris).

Paris, together with its suburbs and satellite cities, forms the Greater Paris metropolitan area, with a population estimated at 11.5 million as of January 2004. Paris is the most populous urban area in the European Union and is the second largest metropolitan area in Europe (after Moscow, and along with London), and is ranked approximately as the 20th most populous metropolitan area in the world.

Greater Paris metropolitan area, with a total GDP higher than Australia, is the largest financial and business center of Europe (alongside London), harboring more than 30% of France's white-collar population, as well as more than 40% of the headquarters of French companies, with the largest business district of Europe (La Défense), and the second largest stock exchange in Europe (Euronext).

title: Portal:European Union/Featured article


text:
File:George barr years best fantasy stories 2 cover.jpg

George Barr's cover art from The Year's Best Fantasy Stories: 2 edited by Lin Carter, DAW Books, 1976. Scanned and uploaded by User:Lee M. Reduced per request by User:BPK2.

Free Use Rationale
Fair use claimed for image:
 * illustrates the subject of the articles The Year's Best Fantasy Stories (the series of books), The Year's Best Fantasy Stories: 2 (the book) and George Barr (the cover artist).
 * no free alternative.
 * the size and resolution make reproduction for bootleg copies difficult.
 * reproduction does not detract from the commercial value.
 * Source: http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?301794


text:
Karin Jöns

Karin Jöns (born 29 April 1953 in Kiel) is a German politician and former Member of the European Parliament with the Social Democratic Party of Germany. During her time in parliament she was part of the Socialist Group and was on the European Parliament's Committee on Employment and Social Affairs.

She was a substitute for the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality and the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety. She also was a member of the Delegation to the EU-Kazakhstan, EU-Kyrgyzstan and EU-Uzbekistan Parliamentary Cooperation Committees, and for relations with Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Mongolia.

Education

 * 1977: Graduate in political science and history
 * 1980: Graduate in Slavonic studies

Career

 * 1976-1978: Freelance journalist
 * 1978-1980: editor attached to the Central Executive Committee of the ÖTV (Public Service, Transport and Communications Workers' Union)
 * 1981-1982: Press officer in Bonn of the Senator for Federal Affairs of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen
 * 1983-1986: head of the Bonn office of the Federal Republic's representative for cultural affairs under the Treaty on Franco-German Cooperation
 * 1986-1987: International and European affairs officer in the state chancellery of North Rhine-Westphalia
 * 1987-1994: organisation and management of Bremen's office in Brussels for liaison with the European Union
 * since 1973: Member of the SPD
 * since 1998: Member of Bremen SPD Land Executive Committee
 * since 1994: Member of the European Parliament
 * Member of the United Service Sector Union ver.di (formerly the ÖTV and IG Medien (media workers' union))
 * Member of the Workers' Welfare Association (AWO)
 * Member of Europa-Union Germany
 * Member of Amnesty International and Refugio e.V
 * Chairwoman of Nationales Forum Deutschland e.V
 * since 2000: within Europa Donna, the European Breast Cancer Coalition

title: Karin Jöns


text:
Portal:European Union/Featured picture

The European Parliament in Strasbourg.

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ

title: Portal:European Union/Featured picture


text:
Karl Egon Ebert

Karl Egon Ebert (1801, Prague – 1882, Smíchov) was a Bohemian German poet, born in Prague.

His poems, dramatic and lyric, are collected in 7 volumes, and enjoy a wide popularity in his country. He composed a poem called "Das erste Veilchen", or "The First Violet", which was set to music by Felix Mendelssohn.

German composer Georgina Schubert (1840-1878) used Ebert’s text for her lieder “Der Muschel gleichen meine Leider.”

title: Karl Egon Ebert


text:
WTL

WTL or variation may refer to:

Transportation

 * Whitley Bay Metro station (rail station code: WTL), North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England, UK
 * Westall railway station (rail station code: WTL), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
 * Tuntutuliak Airport (IATA airport code: WTL; FAA id: A61), Bethel, Alaska

Companies

 * Windflow Technology (stock ticker: WTL) New Zealand wind power company
 * West Energy (stock ticker: WTL) Canadian energy exploration company
 * WorldCall (stock ticker: WTL) Pakistani telecom company

Sports

 * Warszawskie Towarzystwo Łyżwiarskie (WTL), a Warsaw team in the Polish Ice Hockey Federation
 * Woodsball Tournament League, an outdoor forest paintball league; see woodsball

Other uses

 * Windows Template Library, a Microsoft Windows programming library for Win32

title: WTL


text:
Lysistratus

Lysistratus (Λυσίστρατος Σικυώνιος) was a Greek sculptor of the 4th century BC, brother of Lysippos. We are told by Pliny the Elder that he followed a strongly realistic line, being the first sculptor to take impressions of human faces in plaster.

title: Lysistratus


text:
Talk:Georg Gänswein

UpdatedCoatOfArms
Can be found here: https://exarandorum.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/georg_g_nswein_francis.png - with explanation at https://exarandorum.wordpress.com/2013/04/13/coat-of-arms-of-archbishop-ganswein/ Matthew Charlesworth (talk) 03:23, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

Picture
i have a picture of this guy, but i never figured out how to display it here (and yes, I DID read the how to´s). Anyway someone else can do it... —Preceding unsigned comment added by Nandodick (talk • contribs) 11:28, 26 April 2005

 * Get an account at the commons, then upload it there, with the appropriate description and copyright info (if it is Public Domain, put two sets of curly brackets ({}) around PD, for example). After that, you can reference it with [[image:]].  --Cromwellt | Talk 11:25, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

The photo used in his bio box does not show Archbiship Ganswein. It is a photo of German Cardinal Meisner. The photo was taken by Archbishop Ganswein, and the caption, in German, was misread. Please look at other correct images of Ganswein on this page. 47.232.243.8 (talk) 01:09, 20 December 2018 (UTC)

Versace
Donatella Versace got inspired by Georg Ganswein for the Versace FALL collection 2007 not the spring one. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.208.83.211 (talk • contribs) 05:35, 2 February 2007

Picture desciption
"Archbishop Gänswein greeting Maltese pilgrims in 2006"

The above picture description as of January 2013 is a bit mistranslated. The Malteser Hilfsdienst is an aid agency in Germany like the Red Cross. This means the people are paramedics who supported a pope visit. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.236.102.60 (talk) 17:24, 12 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Good Catch... Thanks. I corrected it now. --Jayarathina (talk) 06:39, 14 February 2013 (UTC)

Modify the lead
Shouldn't the lead be modified due to Benedicts resignation? Hell In A Bucket (talk) 12:34, 2 March 2013 (UTC)

"after he retires"
The section titled "Indication of the resignation  of Benedict XVI" refers to what Ganswein "will do" after Benedict retires on Feb 28th. This should be rewritten to reflect that this has now happened, surely? Etan urs (talk)

 * Do you have some references indicating what has happened? Until we see external references, we can't add anything here. Tarl.Neustaedter (talk) 23:11, 14 March 2013 (UTC)

Saint Pius X Seminary material
The material has been restored. If you believe the material is defamatory, please explain why. There were comments that it is anti-semitic, but that connection isn't obvious enough for me to understand. The source (L'Express) is weak, but it does exist and the statement has been repeated elsewhere. If you wish to challenge the material, we need more than personal assertions and blog entries. If none of the Vatican, SSPX or Rev. Gänswein are willing to provide a source on it being false, it probably should stay. Tarl.Neustaedter (talk) 21:12, 21 March 2013 (UTC)

Excuse me, but in the quoted article it says "frequenté", which is "visit on a regular basis", not "attend". I do not see how this weak source supports the dubious facts stated in this article. A propos of your argumentation, as long as nobody says otherwise, I am allowed to state all kinds of nonsense about anybody? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.58.41.193 (talk) 21:09, 30 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Nope. You are allowed to quote articles which qualify as WP:RS. If you think the source article was mis-translated, you are free to point it out. What this controversy came from was someone who required that we take them at their word that Gänswein did not attend Piux X seminary. When we asked for sources, the answer was effectively "I'm telling you the truth, you are all liars". That's not the way it works, if you find sources that contradict the source, the article may be updated. Or, as you comment, if the source does not say what was claimed, we can update it. What we are not allowed to do is update the article based on the unsupported assertions of an anonymous individual.
 * By the way, how does the claim that he went to Pius X suggest he's anti-semite? We never did get that one explained. Tarl N. (talk) 22:07, 30 May 2016 (UTC)

„Ich hatte nie und habe auch gegenwärtig keinerlei Kontakte mit Ecône oder mit Anhängern von Ecône. Wer das behauptet, will mir schlichtweg schaden.“ („I never had or have currently any contact with Ecône or its adherents. Whoever says that simply wants to damage me.“) - Georg Gänswein, as quoted by Hanspeter Oschwald, "Im Namen des Heiligen Vaters: Wie fundamentalistische Mächte den Vatikan steuern", München (Heyne) 2010. How is that for proof? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.58.41.193 (talk) 17:34, 31 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Needs a better citation (where was this published, is it a reliable source, how can someone else get a copy?). And needs explanation about how "Ecône" means "Pius X". Tarl N. (talk) 20:27, 31 May 2016 (UTC)

It was published at Heyne publishers in München (Munich) in 2010 (as I said up there...). Buy the book in your local bookshop, go to the library and get it there, look it up at google books... And how many seminaries are there exactly in Ecône? Come on... [btw, I am not the one that originally deleted the information...84.58.41.193 (talk) 06:01, 1 June 2016 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.58.41.193 (talk) 06:00, 1 June 2016 (UTC)
 * What I mean is that the information doesn't give us what's required - see WP:CITE. The author, the publisher, the ISBN, the page number where the quote is cited. Since this is the English Wikipedia, we also need context, presumably translated from German - is this book an interview, a biography, a ???. My lousy translation of the title (German isn't one of my languages) is "In the name of the Holy Father: How fundamentalists control the Vatican" - can you give us a better translation? My guess is that the book is ISBN 978-3453167247. Which page is this quote on? What's the context of the quote? Tarl N. (talk) 12:10, 1 June 2016 (UTC)

Coat of Arms
Propose to move to update his arms as Prefect of the Pontifical Household to these (with Pope Francis's arms):

They are clearly in use on the walls of Santa Caterina della Rota as seen here:

http://www.acistampa.com/story/quella-romanita-che-racconta-una-storia-universale-6578

His arms with Pope Benedict's are used in his role as Private Secretary to the Pope Emeritus.

 Mangwanani  (talk) 23:41, 27 July 2017 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure why you haven't made the change. Bmclaughlin9 (talk) 02:36, 28 July 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Georg Gänswein. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131014052530/http://www.thetablet.co.uk/latest-news/5742 to http://www.thetablet.co.uk/latest-news/5742

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:39, 10 September 2017 (UTC)

Report by La-Croix.com
If this is a reliable source, or if the information there can be confirmed, the article should be updated with that information. Eastmain (talk • contribs) 19:39, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
 * I’ve covered the subject, though not with this (normally reliable) source since it was quoting some rather overexcited German sources. The Vatican "explanation", which everyone can see is hazy, does the job well enough, I think. Bmclaughlin9 (talk) 18:49, 13 February 2020 (UTC)

Exile
Should it be mentioned that Pope Francis kicked him out? https://apple.news/Ak5fcDbJXT3a3GmZEz2MaoQ GamerKlim9716 (talk) 17:56, 15 June 2023 (UTC)
 * I hope to cover that later today, but the whole entry needs a little reorganization at the same time. Rutsq (talk) 20:25, 15 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Georg Gänswein


text:
Ryukyu Air Commuter

Ryukyu Air Commuter Co., Ltd. (琉球エアーコミューター株式会社) is a regional airline headquartered in Naha, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. It operates domestic passenger services from the island of Okinawa to other islands of Okinawa Prefecture and the Amami Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture. It is owned by Japan Transocean Air (74.5%), Okinawa Prefecture (6.3%), Minamidaito (4,8%) Kumejima (4,3%) Kitadaito (4,0%) and other shareholders (6,1%).

History
Ryuku Air Commuter was established on December 24, 1985, with help from joint investments from the local government and local businesses. The following year they received the air transport license and the airline started operating flights between Naha and Kerama on the 17th of February 1987. This route was operated with a Britten-Norman BN-2B Islander seating up to nine people. The next route introduced by the airline was  from Naha to Aguni and commenced on December 20th, 1989.

November 16th, 1992, Ryuku Air Commuter took over two De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft from Japan Transocean Airlines (then known as ‘Southwest Air Lines’), with a capacity of 19 seats this aircraft type had a significantly higher capacity than the BN-2B. With the introduction of these new aircraft, the airline was able to increase its operations and also operate out of other airports than just Naha. With this growth in the operations the airline started to grow into a commuter airline with wide network of the islands within the prefecture, with the main hub being from the island of Okinawa (Naha Airport).

As a replacement for the DHC-6 Twin Otter the DeHavilland Bombardier Dash 8 100 (DHC-8-100) was introduced in 1997, allowing for even greater capacity by seating up to 39 seats. With this larger aircraft the airline started two new routes that same year from Naha to Yoron and Kumejima.

In the following years the airline would see an expansion of their network throughout the Okinawa Prefecture and expanding their fleet with more modern variants of the DHC-8 aircraft. In 2015, the airline signed a firm purchase agreement for five Bombardier Dash 8-Q400 passenger/cargo combi aircraft, following the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding in 2014. It became the launch customer for this new variant aircraft upon delivery in 2016. The final Bombardier Dash 8-Q300 flight was on 31 January 2018.

Destinations
Scheduled destinations (as of November 2019):

Current fleet
, Ryukyu Air Commuter operates the following aircraft:

Former fleet
Ryukyu Air Commuter has previously operated the following aircraft:
 * Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander
 * De Havilland Canada Dash 8-100
 * De Havilland Dash 8-300

title: Ryukyu Air Commuter


text:
CNU

CNU could stand for:

University

 * Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
 * Cebu Normal University, Philippines
 * Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
 * Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
 * Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia, US
 * Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea

Police

 * Crisis Negotiation Unit, a special police unit for hostage, barricade, and suicide situations
 * FBI Crisis Negotiation Unit
 * Singapore Police Force Crisis Negotiation Unit

Others

 * Cameroonian National Union, later Cameroon People's Democratic Movement
 * Congress for the New Urbanism
 * CNU (singer) (born 1991), Korean

title: CNU


text:
Gustav Bischof

Karl Gustav Bischof (18 January 1792 – 30 November 1870) was a German chemist, born in Nuremberg. He studied at Erlangen where he became a university lecturer ("Privatdozent") in 1815. In 1819 he was appointed to the position of an extra-Ordinary Professor of Chemistry at Bonn, and in 1822 to that of a full professor. The University of Bonn was a leading center for geologists including Ferdinand von Roemer, Georg August Goldfuss, and Gerhard vom Rath as well as Bischof.

Scientific Achievements
Bischof himself has been considered the founder of chemical geology. More a chemist than a geologist, he introduced chemical analysis into widespread use in geology. His Lehrbuch der chemischen und physikalischen Geologie (Bonn: Marcus, 1847−1866) was the standard text of geochemistry and a classic reference work. The first volume (in two parts) considers the actions of water both on the earth and internal to it, including the temperature, chemical composition and effects of springs on rocks around them. His was the first account to scientifically address springs. Volume II (in 7 parts) discusses mineralogy, petrology, and the origin of rocks. He describes the chemical composition, structure, texture, and the chemical and mechanical forces involved in the decomposition of minerals and rocks, including the effects of decomposing organic remains. In doing so, he created a new branch of geology. Bischof's work was highly valuable for its extensive and careful chemical analyses. Bischof was less successful in the interpretations he placed on his results, as he supported theories of Neptunism, later disproved.

Addressing dynamical geology, he noted that substances such as carbonic acid, hydrochloric acid, and other gases as well as water vapor played a part in volcanic eruptions. By studying the cooling of large balls of melted basalt, Bischof estimated the possible cooling time of the planet earth, arriving at a value of 350 million years. He also experimented with variations in cooling temperature, observing that manipulations of temperature and pressure during cooling could lead to the formation of different crystalline forms. He suggested that the both asphalt and petroleum were likely derived from decaying plant matter, and predicted that the effects of air, heat and pressure might explain the formation of different types of coal. He studied experimented on inflammable gases such as those found in coal mines. He experimented with the development of safety-lamps and wrote an essay on the avoidance of explosions in mines.

Awards
In 1859, Bischof was elected as member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Bischof was awarded the Wollaston Medal in 1863 by the Geological Society of London. The society's highest award, it is given for "significant influence by means of a substantial body of excellent research in either or both pure and applied aspects of the science" of geology.

Gustav Bischof died in Bonn on 30 November 1870.

title: Gustav Bischof


text:
Talk:VFA-103

NAS Oceana
Ideally we'd link to a page on NAS Oceana, or at least say where it roughly is. Frankly I've been through their website and I've still no idea where it is. -- John Fader (talk | contribs) 16:29, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Lineage
There might be some value in discussing formal lineage issues; as a technical matter, VFA-103 does not share a common unit lineage with VF-84 or VF-17, though it adopted the "Jolly Rogers" traditions and insignia upon the disestablishment of VF-84. See for the Naval Historical Center's view. On the other hand, this technicality may matter less if we're more concerned with tracking the history of the Jolly Rogers on USN aircraft rather than the formal unit history. -- Robin Lee.

 * There is an article on the Jolly Roger which has this lineage. See below for my suggestion on splitting this page into three parts, one for each unit. Kablammo 14:30, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

WWII
VF-17 was actually disestablished April 10, 1944, not October, as originally stated. After its disestablishment the VF17 veterans formed the nucleii of newly established squadrons. VF-84, established in 1944, viewed itself as the successor to VF-17, due to overlap in command, personnel, aircraft, and traditions. It contained not only VF17 ace and XO Roger Hedrick as its CO, but also several other VF17 veterans. It also went aboard the USS Bunker Hill, VF-17's first home. And when VF-84 was reformed in the 1950s, it was natural for it to assume the "Jolly Rogers" name. In combat both VF-17 and VF-84 used the Corsair exclusively.

A new VF-17 was formed in 1944. It kept the Jolly Rogers name and insignia. It had different personnel than the first "edition" of VF-17. Its flew the Hellcat, off the Hornet (CV-12), and had a very successful tour of duty in the final drive on the Iwo Jima and the Home Islands in 1945.

I have not rewritten the article yet as I propose to make two entirely new articles; one on VF-17 and one on VF-84. The present VFA-103 article will then deal solely with VF103, with links to the other two squadron's articles.

The VF84 article would also deal with the 1944-45 squadron. It would incorporate the present article's contents on the postwar squadron. I will contribute the World War II sections.

There needs to be an edit and more information on the first postwar decade as right now it seems jumbled and confused. Kablammo 17:28, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I think it should all be on one page, If you want making sections for the previous units with the name. PPGMD 20:58, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

I will do the histories and see how they look. The first VF-17 had two very intense tours of duty in late 1943 and early 1944, and the second edition of the squadron was carrier-based in the final drive on Japan in 1945. The article on VF-17 therefore could be as long as the present part devoted to VFA-103. VF-84 had a WWII history similar to that of the second VF-17. So I think length is a concern. Kablammo 23:29, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

Unfortunately, VF-84 was pulled from the Pacific after a Kamakaze struck VF-84's ready room abaord USS Bunker Hill, killing several original members of VF-17.

 * Length isn't that big of a deal anymore as long as the sections are split up, and the entire article is on topic IMO. PPGMD 19:24, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

The question is: What's the topic? This page is for VFA-103. VFA-103 is now the Jolly Rogers, but VFA-103 definitely is not VF-17 nor is it VF-84. That is made clear by the Navy's own treatment of these squadrons as well as the view of historians. VF-17 and the first VF-84 had stellar records in World War II and they deserve their own pages. In no way would that detract from VFA-103, but subsuming VF-17 and the first VF-84 under an article entitled VFA-103 could be seen as not giving the earlier squadrons the recognition they deserve. There are veterans of both iterations of VF-17 and of the 1944-45 VF-84 alive today, and their squadrons should be recognized under their own unit numbers. Kablammo 19:58, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed, this page should be about the VFA-103, and VF-17 and VF-84 should have their own articles - cross-linking to indicate the passing of the "Jolly Rogers" designation. Especially since the Jolly Rogers patch image is for the VF-84! -- Medains 07:10, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

If you are talking about the "Jolly Rogers" name history, this page is fine. If you are talking about VF-103/VFA-103, Then VF-17 pt.1, VF-17/5B/61, and VF-84 needs thier own pages along with a page explaining the passing of the bones and trditions of the Jolly Rogers.

History
Didn't VF-84 fly the S model of the Phantom as well?...Only B,J, and N are listed in the history paragraph. Sregor Ylloj (talk) 22:38, 13 July 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on VFA-103. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100331115239/http://www.history.navy.mil/download/va-lin.pdf to http://www.history.navy.mil/download/va-lin.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070327080322/http://www.history.navy.mil/download/vfa82106.pdf to http://www.history.navy.mil/download/vfa82106.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060212145508/http://www.jolly-rogers.com/ to http://www.jolly-rogers.com/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121104172144/http://www.history.navy.mil/nan/backissues/2000s/2002/nd02/jolly.pdf to http://www.history.navy.mil/nan/backissues/2000s/2002/nd02/jolly.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:26, 9 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:VFA-103


text:
Beta normal form

In the lambda calculus, a term is in beta normal form if no beta reduction is possible. A term is in beta-eta normal form if neither a beta reduction nor an eta reduction is possible. A term is in head normal form if there is no beta-redex in head position. The normal form of a term, if one exists, is unique (as a corollary of the Church–Rosser theorem). However, a term may have more than one head normal form.

Beta reduction
In the lambda calculus, a beta redex is a term of the form:

 * $$ (\mathbf{\lambda} x . A) M$$.

A redex $$r$$ is in head position in a term $$t$$, if $$t$$ has the following shape (note that application has higher priority than abstraction, and that the formula below is meant to be a lambda-abstraction, not an application):

 * $$ \lambda x_1 \ldots \lambda x_n . \underbrace{(\lambda x . A) M_1}_{\text{the redex }r} M_2 \ldots M_m $$, where $$n \geq 0$$ and $$m \geq 1$$.

A beta reduction is an application of the following rewrite rule to a beta redex contained in a term:

 * $$ (\mathbf{\lambda} x . A) M \longrightarrow A[x := M] $$

where $$A[x := M]$$ is the result of substituting the term $$M$$ for the variable $$x$$ in the term $$A$$.

A head beta reduction is a beta reduction applied in head position, that is, of the following form:

 * $$ \lambda x_1 \ldots \lambda x_n . (\lambda x . A) M_1 M_2 \ldots M_m \longrightarrow

\lambda x_1 \ldots \lambda x_n. A[x := M_1] M_2 \ldots M_m $$, where $$n \geq 0$$ and $$m \geq 1$$.

Any other reduction is an internal beta reduction.

A normal form is a term that does not contain any beta redex, i.e. that cannot be further reduced. A head normal form is a term that does not contain a beta redex in head position, i.e. that cannot be further reduced by a head reduction. When considering the simple lambda calculus (viz. without the addition of constant or function symbols, meant to be reduced by additional delta rule), head normal forms are the terms of the following shape:

 * $$ \lambda x_1 \ldots \lambda x_n . x M_1 M_2 \ldots M_m $$, where $$x$$ is a variable, $$n \geq 0$$ and $$m \geq 0$$.

A head normal form is not always a normal form, because the applied arguments $$M_j$$ need not be normal. However, the converse is true: any normal form is also a head normal form. In fact, the normal forms are exactly the head normal forms in which the subterms $$M_j$$ are themselves normal forms. This gives an inductive syntactic description of normal forms.

There is also the notion of weak head normal form: a term in weak head normal form is either a term in head normal form or a lambda abstraction. This means a redex may appear inside a lambda body.

Reduction strategies
In general, a given term can contain several redexes, hence several different beta reductions could be applied. We may specify a strategy to choose which redex to reduce.

 * Normal-order reduction is the strategy in which one continually applies the rule for beta reduction in head position until no more such reductions are possible. At that point, the resulting term is in head normal form. One then continues applying head reduction in the subterms $$M_j$$, from left to right. Stated otherwise, normal‐order reduction is the strategy that always reduces the left‐most outer‐most redex first.
 * By contrast, in applicative order reduction, one applies the internal reductions first, and then only applies the head reduction when no more internal reductions are possible.

Normal-order reduction is complete, in the sense that if a term has a head normal form, then normal‐order reduction will eventually reach it. By the syntactic description of normal forms above, this entails the same statement for a “fully” normal form (this is the standardization theorem). By contrast, applicative order reduction may not terminate, even when the term has a normal form. For example, using applicative order reduction, the following sequence of reductions is possible:

 * $$\begin{align}

&(\mathbf{\lambda} x . z) ((\lambda w. w w w) (\lambda w. w w w)) \\ \rightarrow &(\lambda x . z) ((\lambda w. w w w) (\lambda w. w w w) (\lambda w. w w w))\\ \rightarrow &(\lambda x . z) ((\lambda w. w w w) (\lambda w. w w w) (\lambda w. w w w) (\lambda w. w w w))\\ \rightarrow &(\lambda x . z) ((\lambda w. w w w) (\lambda w. w w w) (\lambda w. w w w) (\lambda w. w w w) (\lambda w. w w w))\\ &\ldots \end{align}$$

But using normal-order reduction, the same starting point reduces quickly to normal form:

 * $$ (\mathbf{\lambda} x . z) ((\lambda w. w w w) (\lambda w. w w w)) $$
 * $$ \rightarrow z $$

Sinot's director strings is one method by which the computational complexity of beta reduction can be optimized.

title: Beta normal form


text:
Lovat (river)

The Lovat (Ловаць, ; Ло́вать) is a river in Vitebsk Oblast of Belarus, Usvyatsky, Velikoluksky, and Loknyansky Districts, as well as of the city of Velikiye Luki, of Pskov Oblast and Kholmsky, Poddorsky, Starorussky, and Parfinsky Districts of Novgorod Oblast in Russia. The source of the Lovat is Lake Lovatets in northeastern Belarus, and the Lovat is a tributary of Lake Ilmen. Its main tributaries are the Loknya (left), the Kunya (right), the Polist (left), the Redya (left), and the Robya (right). The towns of Velikiye Luki and Kholm, as well as the urban-type settlement of Parfino, are located on the banks of the Lovat.

From the source, the Lovat flows in the southeastern direction along the border between Russia and Belarus, it turns north and enters Pskov Oblast of Russia, crossing the border as Lake Sesito. In this area, the Lowat flows through the lake district, passing, in particular, Lake Vorokhobskoye. Downstrean of Velikiye Luki, in the selo of Podberezye, the Lovat turns northwest and enters Novgorod Oblast. Close to Lake Ilmen, the Lovat shares a river delta with the Pola and the Polist, though technically Polist is counted as a tributary of the Lovat.

The river basin of the Lovat comprises vast areas in the south of Novgorod and Pskov Oblasts, as well as some areas in Tver Oblast and Vitebsk Oblast of Belarus.

The Lovat is listed in the State Water Register of Russia as navigable between Parfino and the mouth, however, there is no passenger navigation. Until the 1990s, it was used for timber rafting.

The Lovat served as a stretch of the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, the most important trading route of medieval Rus. From Lake Ilmen, ships went upstream the Lovat and then the Kunya, before ending up in the Western Dvina.They then travelled up the Kasplya river to Lake Kasplya from where they crossed the portage to the Dnieper, from where they could reach Constantinople via the Black Sea.

title: Lovat (river)


text:
Sam and Twitch

Sam Burke and Maximilian "Twitch" Williams are two fictional NYPD homicide detectives created by Todd McFarlane. Sam and Twitch were originally featured in McFarlane's hit comic series Spawn. Due to their popularity, they were later given their own title in 1999, called Sam and Twitch. In their self-titled series, the duo were the protagonists in a dark and gritty New York City. The fictional universe of Sam and Twitch is somewhat different from typical hero comics in that costumed heroes are not the norm.

Sam Burke
Detective Sam Burke is often seen as the brawn of the group. Sam is a large, headstrong man with a penchant for foul language and gruff behavior. Sam is usually the one to take "action" against any type of villain they encounter. Though Sam has often been accused of police brutality, the charges have never stuck. In fact, Sam takes great pride in being one of the few honest cops in a precinct he sees as infested with corruption and scandal. Although his style with criminals is rough, and he comes across as boorish to most others, he is actually quite compassionate, beneath his rough exterior, to those in need. He has a real passion for doing the right thing and seeing justice done, even if he has to resort to not-so-civil means. Sam is very protective of those few he trusts and considers friends, especially his partner Twitch. Twitch's dedication to his work despite the corruption of the police department is shown to be inspiring to Sam, and he often goes to great lengths to protect Twitch from even their fellow officers, who may mean verbal or physical harm to Sam's highly intelligent, diminutive partner.

Despite his down-and-dirty, cynical, and hot-tempered personality, Sam is essentially a good man, with a strong sense of duty and honor. His straightforward ways have often put the detective duo at odds with even their fellow police, but while Twitch is considerably more reasonable than his larger partner (and often pokes fun at Sam's fiery temperament and statements), he shows a deep trust and respect for him as well. While Twitch often figures out and solves the duo's various cases and predicaments, Sam is unquestionably the drive and conviction which sees the two through.

While not as talented as Twitch in deduction, Sam is skilled in being able to see through people and getting information. Even with a large and fat build, Sam has shown considerable strength, speed and durability in fighting superhuman foes. He is capable of going toe-to-toe in a fistfight against the Udaku, who is powerful enough to rip a man's head off. Sam has also displayed some form of police intuition that warns him of traps and lies, which he jokingly calls a "spider-sense".

Twitch Williams
Maximilian Steven Percival "Twitch" Williams III is mainly seen as the "brains" of the partnership. He is the one who usually solves or puts the pieces together in the rare crimes the detectives encounter. A brilliant mathematician who excelled at trigonometry, he has used his knowledge of angles to become an excellent marksman. A shooting prodigy, Twitch makes up for his small size with his ability to handle twin pistols with extreme accuracy and efficiency. He claims to have earned the nickname "Twitch", as Sam once said, "because he doesn't, ever!" In reality, "Twitch" was his despised high-school nickname, which Sam learned after intercepting a reunion invitation asking for "Twitch" Williams. He refers to Sam Burke as "sir", as throughout the years Sam has, time and time again, earned his trust and respect.

Twitch was once married and has several children, but due to his busy schedule with crime cases, his wife eventually divorced him, and denies him custody of his kids. This had a great emotional impact on Twitch, but did not seem to hinder him from his work. He eventually reconciled with his wife and since then does his best to spend as much time with his family as his duty allows. Twitch comes from a family with a proud tradition in law enforcement, his father and siblings all being cops themselves. Despite his reserved and soft-spoken manner, he is extremely passionate and proud of his job, in some ways more so than Sam. It is because of this that, despite his incredible intelligence, the apparent rampant corruption of the Police Department, which he works for, troubles him greatly. In some ways, Twitch is a little more naïve than the street-smart and more realistic Sam, and has had to deal with many harsh truths.

Twitch has battled against many super-human foes such as Overt-Kill, a monstrous, mafia-hired cyborg. Despite Overt-Kill's seemingly bulletproof exterior, Twitch was able to defeat him with a single, well-aimed bullet through Overt-Kill's ear canal.

Spawn
Sam and Twitch were originally introduced in the comic book series Spawn as tertiary characters to the larger storyline of Al Simmons. The duo were at first at odds with Al, both due to Al's questionable methods and personality and Al's own distrust of the police. Eventually however, they had come to form a mutual respect and Al often sought help from the two, seeing them as two of the only people, cops, no less, that he could actually trust. Even after the detectives' own spin-off series had started the two often made appearances in Spawn.

Sam and Twitch
Due to issues with publishing, Sam and Twitch was not always released in a timely manner. This affected sales. The series was subsequently cancelled in 2003 with only 26 issues after a four-year run. The delays continued until the end.

The character Spawn makes a small cameo appearance in Sam and Twitch and requests the duo's help. Sam and Twitch say that they are preoccupied and brush him off.

The series has been collected as these graphic novels:
 * Sam and Twitch Book One: Udaku TPB - collects #1-8 in black & white (Image Comics, 2000, 192 pages, ISBN 1-58240-176-4)
 * Sam and Twitch: The Brian Michael Bendis Collection Volume 1 TPB - collects #1-9 (Image Comics, 2006, 224 pages, ISBN 1-58240-583-2)
 * Sam and Twitch: The Brian Michael Bendis Collection Volume 2 TPB - collects #10-19 (Image Comics, 2007 ISBN 978-1-58240-745-6)
 * Sam and Twitch: The Complete Collection Book 1 Hardcover- Collects Issues 1-13
 * Sam and Twitch: The Complete Collection Book 2 Hardcover- Collects Issues 14-26
 * Sam and Twitch: The Writer TPB

Case Files: Sam & Twitch
The first issue of Case Files was released in June 2003, a few months before the November cancellation of the original Sam and Twitch series. Whereas the original series was concurrent with the duo's appearances in Spawn, the continuity of Case Files starts much later in their lives and revisits one of their old nemesis.

Sam and Twitch: The Writer
A four-issue mini series.

Sam and Twitch: Case Files
A new series from the Spawn universe line.

Other notable characters

 * Dr. K. C. McRory: Dubbed "Dr. Death" by the detectives, Dr. McRory is in charge of the crime scene investigation department at the precinct. As with many characters, she dislikes Sam for his sloppy habits and abrasive personality. She gets along quite well with Twitch. She may be based loosely on the DC Comics character Carrie Kelley, as they share initials—albeit in a different order—and have matching glasses and hairstyle.
 * Jinx: A bounty hunter who assists the duo in tracking down a fellow hunter who has gone insane. Jinx also stars in a separate comic book series.
 * Helen Williams - Twitch Williams wife.
 * Max Williams IV' - the Son of Twitch and Helen.
 * Peter Williams- one of Twitch's children
 * Lauren Williams- Daughter of twitch
 * Lily williams- second daughter of Twitch
 * Monica Starlight- a police officer.
 * Joseg Udaku- a south african crime boss
 * Fedoras- bioweapon soliders of the Udaku
 * Seamus Halloran- Corrupt buinismen.

In other media

 * In the HBO miniseries Todd McFarlane's Spawn, Sam was voiced by James Keane and Twitch was voiced by Michael McShane.
 * In the 1997 live-action film, two detectives resembling Sam and Twitch arrest Jason Wynn towards the end of the film. It is stated that Todd McFarlane wanted a film to be about Sam and Twitch and Spawn would have been the background character. Sam and Twitch were going to investigate the murders that Spawn was involved in.
 * Sam & Twitch appeared in the Spawn: In the Demon's Hand video game, voiced by Rob Cowan and Don Dickinson respectively.
 * Like most of McFarlane's characters, Sam & Twitch has been the basis for several action figures by McFarlane Toys.
 * In February 2017, the head of BBC America revealed that Kevin Smith was attached to write, direct, and executive produce a Sam & Twitch police procedural for BBC America. Similar to the comic book, each episode of the series was planned to follow a closed-ended procedural format, with certain character-serialized aspects to the storytelling.
 * In July 2018, Jeremy Renner was announced to play Twitch Williams in McFarlane's Spawn reboot.

title: Sam and Twitch


text:
Carl Gustav Carus

Carl Gustav Carus (3 January 1789 – 28 July 1869) was a German physiologist and painter, born in Leipzig, who played various roles during the Romantic era. A friend of the writer Johann Wolfgang Goethe, he was a many-sided man: a doctor, a naturalist, a scientist, a psychologist, and a landscape painter who studied under Caspar David Friedrich.

Life and work

In 1811 he graduated as a doctor of medicine and a doctor of philosophy. In 1814 he was appointed professor of obstetrics and director of the maternity clinic at the teaching institution for medicine and surgery in Dresden. He wrote on art theory. From 1814 to 1817 he taught himself oil painting working under Caspar David Friedrich, a Dresden landscape painter. Subsequently, he studied under Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld at the Oeser drawing academy.

When the King of Saxony, Frederick Augustus II, made an informal tour of Britain in 1844, Carus accompanied him as his personal physician. It was not a state visit, but the King, with Carus, was the guest of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert at Windsor Castle, and Carus was able to visit many of the sights in London and the university cities of Oxford and Cambridge, and meet others active in the field of scientific discoveries. They toured widely in England, Wales and Scotland, and afterwards Carus published, on the basis of his journal, The King of Saxony's Journey through England and Scotland, 1844. He is best known to scientists for originating the concept of the vertebrate archetype, a seminal idea in the development of Darwin's theory of evolution. In 1836, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Carus is also noted for Psyche (1846).

He developed a theory of landscape painting whose objective was the visualization of the inner workings of geological phenomena, which he called "Erdlebenbildkunst" (pictorial art of the life of the earth).

Carl Jung credited Carus with pointing to the unconscious as the essential basis of the psyche.

 * Although various philosophers, among them Leibniz, Kant, and Schelling, had already pointed very clearly to the problem of the dark side of the psyche, it was a physician who felt impelled, from his scientific and medical experience, to point to the unconscious as the essential basis of the psyche. This was C. G. Carus, the authority whom Eduard von Hartmann followed. (Jung [1959] 1969, par. 259)

Carus died in Dresden. He is buried in the Trinitatis-Friedhof (Trinitatis Cemetery) east of the city centre. The grave lies in the south-west section, against the southern wall.

Family
His daughter Charlotte Carus married the artist Ernst Rietschel.

Written works

 * Zoology, entomology, comparative anatomy, evolution
 * Lehrbuch der Zootomie (1818, 1834).
 * Erläuterungstafeln zur vergleichenden Anatomie (1826–1855).
 * Von den äusseren Lebensbedingungen der weiss- und kaltblütigen Tiere (1824).
 * Über den Blutkreislauf der Insekten  (1827).
 * Grundzüge der vergleichenden Anatomie und Physiologie (1828).
 * Lehrbuch der Physiologie für Naturforscher und Aerzte (1838)- also medical
 * Zwölf Briefe über das Erdleben (1841).
 * Natur und Idee oder das Werdende und sein Gesetz. 1861.

 * Medical
 * Lehrbuch der Gynekologie  (1820, 1838).
 * Grundzüge einer neuen Kranioskopie (1841).
 * System der Physiologie (1847–1849).
 * Erfahrungsresultate aus ärztlichen Studien und ärztlichen Wirken (1859).
 * Neuer Atlas der Kranioskopie (1864).
 * Psychology, metaphysics, race, physiognomy
 * Vorlesungen über Psychologie (1831).
 * Psyche; zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Seele (1846, 1851).
 * Über Grund und Bedeutung der verschiedenen Formen der Hand in veschiedenen Personen (About the reason and significance of the various forms of hand in different persons)(1846).
 * Über die ungleiche Befähigung der verschiedenen Menschenstämme für höhere geistige Entwicklung (About the unequal aptitude of the different human tribes for higher mental development)(1849).
 * Physis. Zur Geschichte des leiblichen Lebens (1851).
 * Denkschrift zum 100jährigen Geburtstagsfeste Goethes. Über ungleiche Befähigung der verschiedenen Symbolik der menschlichen Gestalt (1852, 1858).
 * Über Lebensmagnetismus und über die magischen Wirkungen überhaupt (1857).
 * Über die typisch gewordenen Abbildungen menschlicher Kopfformen (1863).
 * Goethe dessen seine Bedeutung für unsere und die kommende Zeit (1863).
 * Lebenserinnerungen und Denkwürdigkeiten – 4 volumes (1865–1866).
 * Vergleichende Psychologie oder Geschichte der Seele in der Reihenfolge der Tierwelt (1866).

 * Art
 * Neun Briefe über Landschaftsmalerei. Zuvor ein Brief von Goethe als Einleitung (1819–1831).
 * Die Lebenskunst nach den Inschriften des Tempels zu Delphi ( 1863).
 * Betrachtungen und Gedanken vor auserwählten Bildern der Dresdener Galerie (1867).

 * Travel
 * Sicilien und Neapel (1856).

 * Translations
 * Carus' translation of Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, Paradise, Canto I. at academia.edu

title: Carl Gustav Carus


text:
The Odyssey (TV series)

The Odyssey is a Canadian-produced half-hour adventure-fantasy television series for children, originally broadcast from 1992 to 1994 on CBC Television.

Plot
In the series pilot, 11-year-old Jay (Illya Woloshyn) tries to join a tree-fort club, led by the tough Keith (Tony Sampson). As per the prearranged agreement, Jay has brought something of value to contribute to the club: a telescope that belonged to his father (Robert Wisden) who has been missing for several years and is presumed dead. Keith double-crosses Jay and takes the telescope, denying him admission into the club. Jay tries to retrieve the telescope with the help of his physically disabled friend Donna  (Ashley Rogers), who uses a crutch and a leg brace in order to walk. Jay falls from the tree fort, striking his head against a rock and lapsing into a coma.

In the coma, Jay finds himself in a fantasy world called Downworld where no one reaches the age of 16. Not having heard of adults, the children here have shaped society in their own ways, forming mostly tribal clans in the form of Clubs, such as the Pool Club and the Library Club. The biggest and most powerful Club is the Tower, a brutal despotic police state run by the oldest kids, with Brad as the absolute ruler because he is 15, and "knows everything". Jay, not knowing how he has got here and aided by his friends Alpha and Flash (who are identical to Donna and Keith), embarks on a journey to return home — a place that he cannot remember. The journey becomes a quest to find his long-lost father, whose name happens to be Brad, who fell overboard from a small boat into a lake while they were on a fishing trip together and has not been seen since.

Meanwhile, Jay's mother and a coma therapist try to get Jay to regain consciousness, with the help of his friends.

A turning point is reached when Jay's father appears to him as he is regaining consciousness, which Jay is forced to keep a secret from his mother. As Jay struggles to re-orient himself in the waking world and the many changes that have occurred, he finds that he is still dealing with issues through the world from his subconscious.

Cast

 * Illya Woloshyn as Jay Ziegler
 * Ashley Rogers as Donna/Alpha
 * Tony Sampson as Keith/Flash
 * Andrea Nemeth as Medea/Sierra Jones
 * Mark Hildreth as Finger/Mic
 * Ryan Reynolds as Macro/Lee
 * Janet Hodgkinson as Val Ziegler, Jay's mother
 * Robert Wisden as Bradley "Brad" Ziegler, Jay's father
 * Dwight Koss as Dr. Max Oswald
 * Jeremy Radick as Fractal/Nathan
 * Amber Warnat as Lila/Keith's girlfriend
 * Garwin Sanford as Arthur Bourne, Val's lawyer and first boyfriend/Iceface
 * Andrew Airlie, Val's second boyfriend
 * Devon Sawa as Yudo
 * Jewel Staite as Labelia
 * Jay Brazeau as Sy, Jay's psychiatrist
 * Jorge Vargas as Savage
 * Jai West as Feelgood/Spook

Production
The series, created by Paul Vitols and Warren Easton, was produced in Vancouver by Water Street Pictures. Over the three years of production, 39 episodes were made. Due to a decreased viewership for season 3, the series was cancelled before reaching its intended conclusion, ending the last season with cliffhangers both in the Upworld and Downworld.

Season 1 (1992–93)

 * 1) The Fall
 * 2) No Fair
 * 3) Out of the Woods
 * 4) By the Book
 * 5) Checkpoint Eagle
 * 6) The Believers
 * 7) A Place Called Nowhere
 * 8) Wanted
 * 9) Galileo & the Gypsies
 * 10) In the Dark
 * 11) The Brad Exchange
 * 12) Welcome to the Tower
 * 13) The One Called Brad

Season 2 (1994)

 * 1) Lands End
 * 2) To the Lighthouse
 * 3) Some Place Like Home
 * 4) Whispers Like Thunder
 * 5) The Hall of Darkness
 * 6) The Prophecy
 * 7) The Greatest Show on Earth
 * 8) But Where is Here?
 * 9) The Big Picture
 * 10) Tick Tock
 * 11) Run for Your Life
 * 12) Who Do You Believe?
 * 13) You Decide

Season 3 (1994)

 * 1) No Way Out
 * 2) Dart to the Heart
 * 3) Learning Curve
 * 4) Night Life
 * 5) Cry Justice
 * 6) King for a Day
 * 7) The Cauldron
 * 8) Styx and Stones
 * 9) Tug of War
 * 10) Tangled Web
 * 11) No Holds Barred
 * 12) The Plague
 * 13) Time Bomb

Broadcast
The pilot episode was originally aired in Canada on March 9, 1992, as The Jellybean Odyssey.

The series was shown on Network 2 in Ireland as part of their children's strand of programming The Den in 1994. The show was broadcast in the U.S. by the Sci-Fi Channel, in the UK by Nickelodeon and Channel 4 in 1995 (repeated in 1998), in France by M6 (first season only) and then by France 3 (whole series), and in a number of other countries.

The series aired in Hong Kong on ATV World.

The first 26 episodes aired in French Canada on Radio-Canada during the 1994-95 season, under the title "L'odyssée fantastique". It re-aired in 1996 and 1998.

Home media
A special edition DVD of the complete series was made in limited quantities and is sold through Omni Film Productions.

Streaming
The Odyssey can also be purchased digitally from Vimeo. From May 25, 2018 to January 9, 2019, the series was uploaded to Canada Media Fund’s YouTube channel Encore+. However the channel was shut down in 2022.

Accolades
Awards won by the series include the Top Ten World Program at the Cologne Conference and a Canadian Gemini for Best Youth Program.

Potential reboot
In June 2016, Marblemedia and Omnifilm Entertainment announced that they had joined forces to update and reboot The Odyssey. The reboot was to be adapted by showrunners Simon Racioppa and Richard Elliott.

title: The Odyssey (TV series)


text:
Antonio López-Istúriz White

Antonio López-Istúriz White (born 1 April 1970) is a Spanish politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Spain. He is a member of the People's Party, member party of the European People's Party. He has served as the Secretary General of the European People's Party since March 2002 till May 2022.

He is also a member of the executive committee of the Spanish People's Party and member of the Committee of Rights and Guarantees, Executive Secretary of the Centrist Democrat International and Secretary-Treasurer of the Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies, the think-tank of the EPP.

Early life and education
López-Istúriz was born in Pamplona, Navarre, to a Spanish father and an American mother. When he was still a child, his family moved to Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, where they still live.

In his youth, he moved to Madrid to study law at the CEU San Pablo Catholic University, where he also received a degree in economic studies. He later studied at IESE Business School of the University of Navarra.

Aside from native-level Catalan and Spanish, he also speaks English, French, and Italian.

Political career
During his years at the university, he began his involvement in politics by becoming a member of Nuevas Generaciones, the youth organization of the People’s Party.

Between 1996 and 1997 he worked as coordinator of the education and culture section of the People’s Party in the Autonomous Community of Madrid.

In 1997 he moved to Brussels to work as an assistant to the People’s Party delegation at the European Parliament until 1999, when he was called by the President of the Spanish Government at the time José María Aznar to become his political assistant.

In 2002 he returned to Brussels as Secretary-General of the European People’s Party. Two years later he was elected Member of the European Parliament (MEP) running on the lists of Partido Popular.

First term 2004-2009
In his first term as MEP he was a member of the Legal Affairs Committee and a substitute member of the Transport Committee, as well as a member of the ACP-EU Parliamentary Assembly, a substitute in the Foreign Affairs Committee and a substitute in the Delegation for relations with Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina and Serbia - Montenegro.

He undertook an arduous defense of the insularity of the Balearic Islands, tourism and peripheral regions.

During this term, López-Istúriz, was the MEP who received the most visitor groups, including university students, entrepreneurs, young people and retirees.

Second term 2009-2014
Re-elected Member of the European Parliament in 2009, he continued to work as a member of the Legal Affairs Committee and as a substitute in the Foreign and Transport Affairs Committee as well as a member of the ACP-EU Parliamentary Assembly, a substitute in the Subcommittee on Security and Defense and in the delegation for relations with the countries of South-East Europe and for relations with the United States.

Third term 2014-2019
In the 2014 elections he was re-elected for a third term. He was a member of the Internal Market and Consumer Protection Committee, as well as a substitute on the Foreign Affairs Committee, subcommittee on Security and Defence, delegation to Relations with Israel, delegation for relations with the United States and the delegation of the Parliamentary Assembly for the Union for the Mediterranean. In 2014, he was elected President of the Parliamentary Group of Friends European Union-United Arab Emirates.

López-Istúriz was rapporteur on the proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the council on cableway installations, and alternative rapporteur for the report on EU-China relations and on reports for which the Parliament issues an opinion "Establish a new agreement for energy consumers" and "European Energy Security Strategy". He was also alternative rapporteur on Cyber Defense and on Political Cooperation with Singapore.

Fourth term 2019-
Following the 2019 elections he was re-elected for a fourth term. Currently, he is a member of the Foreign Affairs Committee and Chairman of the Delegation for the Relations with Israel. He is also member of the Delegation for Relations with the Arab Peninsula as well as substitute in the subcommittee on Security and Defense and the delegation for relations with the United States. He will continue in his role as President of the Parliamentary Group of Friends European Union-United Arab Emirates. These responsibilities will enable him to work on promoting good relations with the Middle East from a global perspective. In addition, he will continue to be heavily involved defending children rights as he has done since first being elected as an MEP. He is also vice-chair of the Intergroup on Children’s Rights in the European Parliament.

European People's Party
Antonio López-Istúriz was the Secretary General of the European People's Party (EPP) from 2002 to 2022. He was elected to this position in 2002 in Estoril on an interim basis and confirmed at the 2004 Brussels Congress, being re-elected at the 2006 Rome, Bonn 2009, Bucharest 2012 and Madrid 2015 Congresses.

During the statutory congress held on October 21 and 22, 2015 in Madrid, López-Istúriz was re-elected Secretary General for the fourth time in the presence of more than 3,000 participants, 750 delegations, 850 delegates, 14 heads of State and Government and eleven European commissioners. Among those attending the Congress were the German Chancellor Angela Merkel, the Prime Minister of Ireland, Enda Kenny or the Prime Minister of Norway, Erna Solberg, as well as the presidents of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker, and the European Council, Donald Tusk.

IDC-CDI
In 2002, under the leadership of the President of the Government of Spain at the time, José María Aznar, he was elected Executive Secretary of the Centrist Democratic International (IDC-CDI), which brings together 100 political parties from 49 countries. He continues to hold this position, working with the current President of the organization, the former President of Colombia, Andrés Pastrana.

IDC-CDI maintains his commitment to the defense of democracy and the denunciation of violations of Human Rights, particularly in Cuba, Venezuela and Nicaragua. The IDC regularly produces declarations and consensus documents, addressing the defense of Human Rights and the promotion of democracy at an international level.

Defense of children's rights
Antonio López-Istúriz White is vice-president of ANAR Foundation. In its efforts to support children, López-Istúriz helped to promote the Helpline for Children and Adolescents to cover the whole of Spain. In 2015 he became "Champion of Children's Rights" for his work and commitment to the rights of children. He was also one of the promoters of the Written Declaration on Investing in Children which was approved on December 7, 2015, with 428 signatures from MEPs, a record number in the European Parliament. http://www.childrightsmanifesto.eu/

Defense rights of the disabled and the elderly
Since 2000, he has been Vocal of the Board of Trustees of the AEQUITAS Foundation, an organization created by the General Council of the Spanish Notaries in order to provide free legal services to people who for reasons of age, physical or mental illness, or membership of certain socially-disadvantaged groups, are in need of special protection. Within the scope of his parliamentary activity, he was rapporteur of the European Parliament report that addressed issues such as vulnerability in old age and measures to support the elderly and disabled.

Transatlantic relations
López-Istúriz has long been involved in Transatlantic relations. As a member of the respective delegation in the European Parliament and also as Secretary-General of the European People’s Party, he travels frequently to the United States and holds meetings with politicians and other civil society actors. In July 2018, he spoke in front of the Republican Study Committee (RSC), a caucus of conservative members of the Republican Party in the United States House of Representatives. Besides holding several meetings with the late Senator McCain, who was also the president of the International Republican Institute, López-Istúriz has met with Republicans such as Senator Marco Rubio and Congressmen Paul Ryan, Chris Smith, Ileana Ros-Lehtinen and Mario Díaz-Balart. Along with the latest two and with former congressman Lincoln Díaz-Balart, he has developed initiatives and activities in favor of Cuban democracy, a subject about which he is extremely passionate. He has also met Democrat representatives, such as Congressman Albio Sires and Congresswoman Debbie Wasserman-Schultz, a number of Presidents of the Democratic National Committee, and with some advisors of the President Obama such as Rick Holtzapple (who was Head of European Affairs of the White House), Mike Froman (Obama’s advisor for security affairs) and Miriam Sapiro (Responsible for commerce affairs at the Obama´s Administration). In 2016, he attended the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia witnessing  the nomination of Hillary Clinton.

Latin America
López-Istúriz has always been very active in the promotion of democracy in Cuba and Venezuela, and has been vocal in his support for Cuban dissidents and Venezuelan opposition.

Self-employed workers
López-Istúriz has been a committed advocate in favor of the self-employed,. Throughout his career he has highlighted the importance of self-employed workers and entrepreneurs to generate growth and employment.

Distinctions and awards
2014 - Commander of the Order of the Star (Italy)

2013 - Parliamentarian Prize - MEP of the Year - awarded by Spanish Parliamentarian Journalists Association

2002 - Officer of the Order of Bernardo O'Higgins (Chile)

2000 - Recipient of the Order of the Star (Jordan)

title: Antonio López-Istúriz White


text:
Talk:George Barr (artist)

Untitled
Previous illustration moved to Thomas Burnett Swann page. Lee M 16:33, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Is this the same George Barr?: 67.173.11.90 (talk) 01:49, 24 September 2008 (UTC)
 * His official site confirms it. 67.173.11.90 (talk) 19:12, 27 September 2008 (UTC)

George Barr himself told me that his birthday is 30 Jan. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 107.212.30.220 (talk) 19:39, 4 January 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:George Barr (artist)


text:
Talk:Huddersfield New College

Connection with John Poulson
I have been told that John Poulson, the infamously corrupt architect, was responsible for the 1958 building, but I can find no reputable source for this. Any body else know if this is true?. -- Chris j wood 16:35, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

COI tag (October 2022)
Compare username Huddnewcoll with domain name http://www.huddnewcoll.ac.uk/. Claimed to have rights to new logo in these and this log. — Jeff G. ツ 10:26, 21 October 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 12:06, 21 October 2022 (UTC)
 * HNC Icon.png

title: Talk:Huddersfield New College


text:
Francisco José Millán Mon

Francisco José Millán Mon (born 8 March 1955) is a Spanish politician and Member of the European Parliament with the People's Party, part of the European People's Party. Mon was born in Pontevedra. He sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs, and is a substitute for the Committee on Development and a member of the Delegation to the Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly.

Education

 * 1977: Graduate in law (Santiago de Compostela)
 * 1979: Diploma in International Studies (School of Diplomacy, Madrid)
 * 1980: Start of diplomatic career

Career

 * 1980-1982: Directorate-general of Consular Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
 * 1982-1984: International legal adviser, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
 * 1984-1987: First Secretary of the Spanish Embassy in Bonn
 * 1987-1991: Cabinet of the Secretary-General for Foreign Policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
 * 1991-1993: Director of the cabinet of the Secretary-General for Relations with the European Communities
 * 1993-1996: First consul at the Spanish Embassy in Rabat
 * 1996-1998: Director of the Cabinet of the Secretary-General for Foreign Policy and the European Union
 * 1998-2000: Director-General for Europe, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
 * 2000-2003: Adviser to the First Deputy Prime Minister of the Spanish Government
 * Holder of several Spanish and foreign decorations

title: Francisco José Millán Mon


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Alfredo M. Bonanno

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. – Rich Farmbrough 18:30, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

Alfredo M. Bonanno
This article was tagged as since April 7 and has not been modified since. It currently does not explain how this Italian anarchist is notable. Zzyzx11 | Talk 16:37, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep after the major rewrite. Zzyzx11 | Talk 15:11, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete.  —Frecklefoot | Talk 16:37, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep since the rewrite.  — Frecklefoot | Talk 18:43, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, maybe. I've found alot of lengthy essays by him on the web, but they all seem to be the same mess of anarchist buzzwords produced by millions of anarchists worldwide. Typical examples (loose translation) : (on dialectal materialism) 'As grave as this problem is, with a little reflection, anyone can see how many anarchist campaigns end up strongly influenced by marxist theory in the decisions taken by the writers of law.' or 'The Crisis or Capitalism' or 'This idea can be desguised as Collaborationist Ideology, but cannot infact disappear entirely.' For such creative free-thinkers, anarchists sure are devoid of original material.

Anyway. It looks like he had a few books published in the early 70s and late 80s, but from what I can tell none of them are in print. I couldn't find a biography or anything. It is worth noting that some of his stuff seems to have been translated into French, German and English.

He sounds like one of a million anarchist pamphlet writers. I'll change my vote if anyone can find anything else notable about him. He did publish after all. But otherwise delete for being a non-notablist vanitarian unencyclopedicism. Kyle543 02:04, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 05:18, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable Dsmdgold 15:00, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Alfredo Maria Bonanno.  Noted in his field, lots of his stuff on the web. Sentenced to six years in the Marini trial last year.--Tony Sidaway|Talk 19:36, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep Notable. I have been aware of Bonnano's writings since 1977. His publications are notable as a tendency and influence on late twentieth century anarchist thought (insurrectionary anarchism) (see the Anarchism entry). Notable for being labelled by prosecutors as the anarchist godfather in a trial in Italy 1997-2003. I have researched and added substantially to this article to ensure it meets the notability requirements. --Takver 05:46, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Paul August ☎ 04:09, Apr 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy)  09:48, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The liberation struggle of the economic dependencies of colonization must be... um... something. -- BD Abram son thi m k 04:54, 2005 May 1 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.