text:
Blue Mink

Blue Mink were a British six-piece pop group that existed from 1969 to 1977. Over that period they had six Top 20 hit singles in the UK Singles Chart, and released five studio based albums. According to AllMusic: "they have been immortalised on a string of compilation albums, each recounting the string of effervescent hits that established them among Britain's best-loved pop groups of the early 1970s."

Career
Roger Coulam (keyboards) formed the band in the autumn of 1969, with American-born Madeline Bell (vocalist), Roger Cook (vocalist), Alan Parker (guitarist), Herbie Flowers (bassist), and Barry Morgan (drummer). Most of the songs were written by Cook and Roger Greenaway. Flowers, Morgan and Parker all worked with Coulam at London's Morgan Studios. The four of them recorded several backing tracks, with which Coulam approached Bell and Greenaway, (who had been half of David and Jonathan), as vocalists. Greenaway declined, but put forward Cook (the other half of David and Jonathan).

The band's debut single "Melting Pot", written by Cook and Greenaway, was recorded with this line-up and released on 31 October 1969 on the Philips label (catalogue BF1818), with the B-side "Blue Mink" (penned by Alan Parker); it peaked at No. 3 in the UK Singles Chart. An American cover version entitled "People Are Together" by soul singer Mickey Murray proved too radical for American radio and failed to get any meaningful airplay. An album of the same name was released early in 1970, at the same time as the second single, "Good Morning Freedom", which reached No. 10 in the chart. The track did not feature on the first release of the LP, but was added to subsequent pressings.

The members continued with their session work despite the success of the band. In March 1970, Cook, Bell, Parker and Morgan appeared on Elton John's eponymous second solo album; Elton John covered "Good Morning Freedom" (written by Albert Hammond) anonymously on the Deacon Records budget compilation album Pick of the Pops. In April, Cook and Greenaway played briefly in Currant Kraze, and together they continued to write songs such as "You've Got Your Troubles", "I've Got You on My Mind" and "I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing". Other side projects included: involvement with Parker's band The Congregation; Herbie Flowers' contributions to Lou Reed's Transformer album; and the involvement of Flowers, Morgan and Parker in sessions with Pete Atkin in March 1971, that later appeared on his Driving Through Mythical America album.

The band's second album and their third single released on Philips in September 1970 were entitled Our World (the album was released as Real Mink in the US). The band's next single release was "The Banner Man" on Regal Zonophone in the spring of 1971. It reached No. 3 in the UK chart, equalling the success of the debut single and notable for its use of a brass band. Reviewing Real Mink years later in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981), Robert Christgau said Bell and Cook's collaboration is "solid white soul, marred by a couple of automatic instrumentals but graced by a charming self-consciousness as well as a few top commercial songs—oh yes, and a black singer."

The members' other projects now took priority until January 1972 when Blue Mink played two weeks at The Talk of the Town nightclub in London. Recordings from this engagement were released that March as the album Live at the Talk of the Town simultaneously with the studio album A Time of Change (renamed from Harvest to avoid confusion with Neil Young's new LP).

Ray Cooper (drums) and Ann Odell (keyboards) joined the band that summer and played on the single "Stay With Me" co-written by Herbie Flowers, which charted at No. 11 in November 1972. By the time of Blue Mink's fourth album, Only When I Laugh, glam rock was supplanting the lighter pop sound of the previous few years. The associated single, "By The Devil (I Was Tempted)", written by Guy Fletcher and Doug Flett, only reached No. 26 and the Top 10 single "Randy" in June 1973 was their last success. Their final album, Fruity, (January 1974) and the singles "Quackers" (January 1974) and "Get Up" (July 1974) failed, and the band split up that autumn after a farewell tour of the United States. Elton John was among the celebrities present to say goodbye, introducing the band onstage at The Troubadour in Los Angeles.

Reunions
The band reformed in 1976 featuring Mike Moran. They recorded a few singles on the Target Records label that was owned by Cook and Greenaway. The best known of their three releases was "Where Were You Today", written by Greenaway and Dundas, previously "Come and C&A", a television and radio commercial jingle theme for the department store C&A. When Capital Radio, one of the UK's first two independent local radio stations took to the air in London in 1973, the station's identity jingles were written by Cook and Greenaway, performed by Blue Mink and orchestrated by George Martin. Madeline Bell had also sung the original jingles for Radio Caroline, the offshore pirate station that first went on-air in 1964, in the end successfully challenging the BBC's monopoly of British radio broadcasting.

Since the band's demise, each of the members maintained a presence in the world of session musicianship and songwriting. In 1975, the Rimshots and the Gary Toms Empire covered Blue Mink's "Get Up", retitled as the disco single "7-6-5-4-3-2-1 (Blow Your Whistle)," and the latter scored a #5 Billboard R&B hit (#46 Hot 100). In 1994, Cook, Bell and Flowers were re-united for a television rendition of their hit "Melting Pot" on the Michael Barrymore show.

Albums

 * Blue Mink (reissued as Melting Pot) (1969)
 * Our World (1970)
 * Real Mink (US album)
 * A Time of Change (1972)
 * Live at the Talk of the Town (1972)
 * Only When I Laugh (1973)
 * The Best of Blue Mink (1973, compilation)
 * Fruity (1974, produced by Mackay)
 * Attention (1975, compilation)
 * Collection: Blue Mink (1978, compilation)
 * Good Morning Freedom: The Anthology (2002, compilation)

Note: The UK and US Melting Pot albums contained different track listings.

Other sources

 * The Guinness Who's Who of Seventies Music, (London: Guinness) ISBN 0-85112-727-4

title: Blue Mink


text:
User:80N/sandpit/Conservative Party (UK)/meta/colour&action=edit

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Michael w. dean

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 09:44, May 2, 2005 (UTC)

Michael w. dean
Currently, just self-promotion. Zzyzx11 | Talk 23:32, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I cleaned up this guy's page a little for him. - Stoph 23:45, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, self-promo, probably not any content to expand it beyond that purpose either. Master Thief Garrett 02:35, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 04:26, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as vanity.   — J I P | Talk 04:31, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as vanity, non-notable and general crapola. --Woohookitty 01:02, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Template standardisation/comparison

This page can be used to quickly compare the different candidates from the design competition. Do please note that this is no substitute for seeing the entire submissions.

"Simplistic"
Not available – see the page itself

"Grey Georgia"
Not available – see the page itself

"Grey Times"
Not available – see the page itself

"Simplistic Georgia"
Not available – see the page itself

"Simplistic Times"
Not available – see the page itself

None of the above
The existing system.


text:
1993 Newbury by-election

The 1993 Newbury by-election was triggered by the death of the Member of Parliament (MP) for Newbury, the Conservative Judith Chaplin. The by-election was held on 6 May 1993, and was won by David Rendel of the Liberal Democrats with a large swing of 28.4%, and well over twice as many votes as the Conservative candidate. As with the overwhelming majority of UK by-elections, turnout was lower than at the general election, falling from 83% to 71%.

Background
The by-election in Newbury was the first by-election of the 1992–1997 parliament, and the first in a string of by-election losses for the Conservative Party who were in their fourth consecutive term of office. Until 1993 the seat had been held by a Conservative MP since 1924.

Candidates
Many independent candidates, or candidates from newly formed or minor parties stood in the by-election, with three candidates standing on an anti-Maastricht Treaty platform. Andrew Bannon, a Labour member from Slough stood as a Conservative Candidate in protest at a Conservative member standing as a Labour Candidate in the 1992 general election in Slough.

All candidates needed since 1985 to win at least 5% of the total votes to retain their deposit, which they must pay to stand for election. Every candidate apart from David Rendel and Julian Davidson lost their deposit, including Labour's Steve Billcliffe.

The by-election achieved a record of 19 candidates, beating the previous high of seventeen at the 1984 Chesterfield by-election. It remained the longest ballot paper in any Parliamentary election until the 2008 Haltemprice and Howden by-election.

Results
Rendel served as MP until the 2005 general election, when he was defeated by the Conservative candidate Richard Benyon.

General election result, 1992
This is the result of the 1992 general election in Newbury.

Aftermath
The loss of Newbury marked the beginning of a disastrous run of by-election defeats for John Major's Conservatives, as they went on to lose a further seven contests in seats they had held prior to the next general election in 1997. The result was later described by The Herald as "a major embarrassment for the Major Government", while Tim Farron would remember it as being "inspirational" for the Liberal Democrats.

title: 1993 Newbury by-election


text:
Soviet Union at the 1988 Summer Olympics

The Soviet Union (USSR) competed, for the last time before its dissolution, at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. 481 competitors, 319 men and 162 women, took part in 221 events in 27 sports. Athletes from 12 of the ex-Soviet republics would compete as the Unified Team at the 1992 Summer Olympics, and each nation would field independent teams in subsequent Games.

The Soviet Union utterly dominated the medal count, winning 55 gold and 132 total medals. It is the largest Olympic medal tally in history achieved by a non-host nation. Currently, China's and the USA 48 gold medals in 2008 and 2012, respectively, and USA's 121 total medals in 2016 are the closest results to USSR's 1988 performance. The Soviet Union medal tally currently ranks fourth both in terms of gold and total medals, after USA's 1984 performance, USSR's 1980 performance, USA's 1904 performance, and Britain's 1908 performance.

Medalists
The Soviet Union finished first in the medal standings with 55 gold and 132 overall medals.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Archery
Women's Individual Competition:
 * Lioudmila Arjannikova – final, 4th place
 * T. Mountain – final, 8th place
 * N. Boutouzova – quarterfinal, 18th place

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Vladimir Echeev – final, bronze medal
 * K. Chkolny – 1/8 final, 20th place
 * Juri Leontiev – preliminary round, 29th place

Women's tournament:
 * Arjannikova, Mountain and Boutouzova – final, 4th place

Men's tournament:
 * Echeev, Chkolny and Leontiev – final, 5th place

Men's competition
Men's Marathon
 * Ravil Kashapov
 * Final — 2:13.49 (→ 10th place)

Men's long jump
 * Leonid Volochine
 * Qualification — 7.89m
 * Final — 7.89m (→ 8th place)

 * Robert Emmiyan
 * Qualification — DNF (→ did not advance)

 * Vladimir Otchkan
 * Qualification — DNS (→ did not advance)

Men's discus throw
 * Romas Ubartas
 * Qualification – 65.58m
 * Final – 67.48m (→ [[Image:Med 2.png]] Silver medal)

 * Yuriy Dumchev
 * Qualification – 62.08m
 * Final – 66.42m (→ 4th place)

 * Vaclavas Kidykas
 * Qualification – 60.88m (→ did not advance)

Men's shot put
 * Sergey Smirnov
 * Qualification — 20.48m
 * Final — 20.36m (→ 8th place)

Men's Hammer Throw
 * Sergey Litvinov
 * Qualification — 81.24m
 * Final — 84.80m (→ [[Image:Med 1.png]] Gold medal)

 * Yuriy Sedykh
 * Qualification — 78.48m
 * Final — 83.76m (→ [[Image:Med 2.png]] Silver medal)

 * Jüri Tamm
 * Qualification — 69.68m
 * Final — 81.16m (→ [[Image:Med 3.png]] Bronze medal)

Men's javelin throw
 * Viktor Yevsyukov
 * Qualification — 79.26m
 * Final — 82.32m (→ 5th place)

 * Vladimir Ovchinnikov
 * Qualification — 80.26m
 * Final — 79.12m (→ 7th place)

Men's decathlon
 * Pavel Tarnovetsky — 8167 points (→ 10th place)
 * 100 metres — 11.23s
 * Long Jump — 7.28m
 * Shot Put — 15.25m
 * High Jump — 1.97m
 * 400 metres — 48.60s
 * 110m Hurdles — 14.76s
 * Discus Throw — 48.02m
 * Pole Vault — 5.20m
 * Javelin Throw — 59.48m
 * 1.500 metres — 4:52.24s

Men's 20 km Walk
 * Mikhail Shchennikov
 * Final — 1:20:47 (→ 6th place)

 * Aleksey Pershin
 * Final — 1:22:32 (→ 14th place)

 * Yevgeniy Misyulya
 * Final — 1:24:39 (→ 27th place)

Men's 50 km Walk
 * Vyacheslav Ivanenko
 * Final — 3:38:29 (→ [[Image:Med 1.png]] Gold medal)

 * Aleksandr Potashov
 * Final — 3:41:00 (→ 4th place)

 * Vitaliy Popovych
 * Final — 3:59:23 (→ 26th place)

Women's competition
Women's 4 × 400 m Relay
 * Lyudmila Dzhigalova, Olga Nazarova, Mariya Pinigina and Olga Bryzgina
 * Heat — 3:27.14

 * Tatyana Ledovskaya, Olga Nazarova, Mariya Pinigina and Olga Bryzgina
 * Final — 3:15.18 (→ [[Image:Med 1.png|Gold]] Gold medal)

Women's Marathon
 * Tatyana Polovinskaya
 * Final — 2:27.05 (→ 4th place)

 * Zoya Ivanova
 * Final — 2:30.25 (→ 9th place)

 * Raisa Smekhnova
 * Final — 2:33.19 (→ 16th place)

Women's discus throw
 * Ellina Zvereva
 * Qualification – 63.26m
 * Final – 68.94m (→ 5th place)

 * Larisa Mikhalchenko
 * Qualification – 64.32m
 * Final – 64.08m (→ 10th place)

 * Galina Murasova
 * Qualification – 62.54m
 * Final – NM (→ no ranking)

Women's javelin throw
 * Irina Kostyuchenkova
 * Qualification – 63.24m
 * Final – 67.00m (→ 4th place)

 * Natalya Yermolovich
 * Qualification – 64.44m
 * Final – 64.84m (→ 6th place)

Women's shot put
 * Natalya Lisovskaya
 * Qualification – 19.78m
 * Final – 22.24m (→ [[Image:Med 1.png]] Gold medal)

 * Natalya Akhrimenko
 * Qualification – 19.40m
 * Final – 20.13m (→ 7th place)

 * Valentina Fedjuschina
 * Qualification – 19.06m (→ did not advance)

Women's Heptathlon
 * Natalya Shubenkova
 * Final Result — 6540 points (→ 4th place)

 * Remigija Sablovskaitė
 * Final Result — 6456 points (→ 5th place)

 * Svetlana Buraga
 * Final Result — 6232 points (→ 10th place)

Men's tournament

 * Team roster

 * Group play

 * Quarterfinals

 * Semifinals

 * Gold medal match

Women's tournament

 * Team roster

 * Group play

 * Semifinals

 * Bronze medal match

Boxing
Men's Light Flyweight (– 48 kg)
 * Alexander Makhmutov
 * First Round — Bye
 * Second Round — Defeated Carlos Eluaiza (Argentina), 5:0
 * Third Round — Defeated Jesus Beltre (Dominican Republic), 4:1
 * Quarterfinals — Lost to Ivailo Marinov (Bulgaria), 0:5

Men's Flyweight (– 51 kg)
 * Timofey Skryabin

Men's Bantamweight (– 54 kg)
 * Aleksandr Artemyev

Men's Featherweight (– 57 kg)
 * Mekhak Ghazaryan

Men's Lightweight (– 60 kg)
 * Kostya Tszyu

Men's Light-Welterweight (– 63.5 kg)
 * Vyacheslav Yanovsky

Men's Welterweight (– 67 kg)
 * Vladimir Yereshchenko

Men's Light-Middleweight (– 71 kg)
 * Yevgeni Zaytsev

Men's Middleweight (– 75 kg)
 * Ruslan Taramov

Men's Light-Heavyweight (– 81 kg)
 * Nurmagomed Shanavazov

Men's Heavyweight (– 91 kg)
 * Ramzan Sebiyev

Men's Super-Heavyweight (+ 91 kg)
 * Alex Miroshnichenko

Cycling
Eighteen cyclists, fourteen men and four women, represented the Soviet Union in 1988.

 * Men's road race
 * Djamolidine Abdoujaparov
 * Asiat Saitov
 * Riho Suun

 * Men's team time trial
 * Vasil Zhdanov
 * Viktor Klimov
 * Asiat Saitov
 * Igor Sumnikov

 * Men's sprint
 * Nikolai Kovsh

 * Men's 1 km time trial
 * Aleksandr Kirichenko

 * Men's individual pursuit
 * Gintautas Umaras

 * Men's team pursuit
 * Viatcheslav Ekimov
 * Artūras Kasputis
 * Dmitry Nelyubin
 * Gintautas Umaras
 * Mindaugas Umaras

 * Men's points race
 * Marat Ganeyev

 * Women's road race
 * Laima Zilporytė — 2:00:52 (→ [[Image:Med 3.png]] Bronze medal)
 * Valentina Yevpak — 2:00:52 (→ 5th place)
 * Alla Jakovleva — 2:00:52 (→ 34th place)

 * Women's sprint
 * Erika Salumäe

Diving
Men's 10m Platform
 * Georgy Chogovadze
 * Preliminary Round — 540.90
 * Final — 585.96 (→ 4th place)

 * Vladimir Timoshinin
 * Preliminary Round — 570.75
 * Final — 534.66 (→ 8th place)

Equestrian

 * Men's show jump team
 * Raimundas Udrakis

Fencing
20 fencers, 15 men and 5 women, represented the Soviet Union in 1988.

 * Men's foil
 * Aleksandr Romankov
 * Ilgar Mamedov
 * Boris Koretsky

 * Men's team foil
 * Aleksandr Romankov, Ilgar Mamedov, Vladimer Aptsiauri, Anvar Ibragimov, Boris Koretsky

 * Men's épée
 * Andrey Shuvalov
 * Wladimir Reznitschenko
 * Mykhailo Tyshko

 * Men's team épée
 * Andrey Shuvalov, Pavel Kolobkov, Wladimir Reznitschenko, Mykhailo Tyshko, Igor Tikhomirov

 * Men's sabre
 * Heorhiy Pohosov
 * Andrey Alshan
 * Sergey Mindirgasov

 * Men's team sabre
 * Sergey Mindirgasov, Mikhail Burtsev, Heorhiy Pohosov, Andrey Alshan, Sergey Koryashkin

 * Women's foil
 * Tatyana Sadovskaya
 * Yelena Glikina
 * Olga Voshchakina

 * Women's team foil
 * Yelena Glikina, Yelena Grishina, Tatyana Sadovskaya, Marina Soboleva, Olga Voshchakina

Men's tournament

 * Preliminary round (group B)
 * Soviet Union – India 1–0
 * Soviet Union – South Korea 3–1
 * Soviet Union – Canada 0–0
 * Soviet Union – Great Britain 1–3
 * Soviet Union – West Germany 0–6

 * Classification Matches
 * 5th–8th place: Soviet Union – Pakistan 0–1
 * 7th–8th place: Soviet Union – Argentina 4–1 (→ 7th place)

 * Team roster
 * (01.) Vladimir Pleshakov (gk)
 * (02.) Viktor Deputatov
 * (03.) Igor Yulchiev
 * (04.) Sos Hayrapetyan
 * (05.) Nikolai Sankovetch
 * (06.) Vladimir Antakov (captain)
 * (07.) Vyacheslav Chechenev
 * (08.) Igor Atanov
 * (09.) Sergei Chakhvorostov
 * (10.) Sergei Pleshakov
 * (11.) Mikhail Nechipurenko
 * (12.) Alexander Domachev (gk)
 * (13.) Igor Davydov
 * (14.) Aleksandr Miasnikov
 * (15.) Yevgeni Nechaev
 * (16.) Mikhail Bukatin

 * Head coach: Leonid Pavlovsky

Modern pentathlon
Three male pentathletes represented the Soviet Union in 1988. Vaho Iagorashvili won a bronze in the individual event.

 * Individual
 * Vaho Iagorashvili
 * German Yuferov
 * Anatoly Avdeyev

 * Team
 * Vaho Iagorashvili
 * German Yuferov
 * Anatoly Avdeyev

Rowing
The Soviet Union had 30 male and 23 female rowers participate in all 14 rowing events in 1988.

 * Men's competition
 * Men's single sculls
 * Jüri Jaanson

 * Men's double sculls
 * Oleksandr Marchenko
 * Vasil Yakusha

 * Men's coxless pair
 * Igor Zuborenko
 * Valery Vyrvich

 * Men's coxed pair
 * Andrey Korikov
 * Roman Kazantsev
 * Andrey Lipsky (cox)

 * Men's quadruple sculls
 * Pavel Krupko
 * Oleksandr Zaskalko
 * Sergey Kinyakin
 * Yuriy Zelikovich

 * Men's coxless four
 * Ivan Vysotskiy
 * Sergey Smirnov
 * Yuriy Pimenov
 * Nikolay Pimenov

 * Men's coxed four
 * Sigitas Kučinskas
 * Jonas Narmontas
 * Vladimir Romanishin
 * Igor Zotov
 * Sergey Titov (cox)

 * Men's eight
 * Veniamin But
 * Mykola Komarov
 * Vasily Tikhonov
 * Aleksandr Dumchev
 * Pavlo Hurkovskiy
 * Viktor Diduk
 * Viktor Omelyanovich
 * Andrey Vasilyev
 * Aleksandr Lukyanov (cox)

 * Women's competition
 * Women's single sculls
 * Nataliya Kvasha

 * Women's double sculls
 * Marina Zhukova
 * Mariya Omelianovych

 * Women's coxless pair
 * Sarmīte Stone
 * Marina Smorodina

 * Women's quadruple sculls
 * Irina Kalimbet
 * Svitlana Maziy
 * Inna Frolova
 * Antonina Zelikovich

 * Women's coxed four
 * Reda Ribinskaitė
 * Elena Tereshina
 * Irina Teterina
 * Marina Suprun
 * Valentina Khokhlova (cox)

 * Women's eight
 * Margarita Teselko
 * Marina Znak
 * Nadezhda Sugako
 * Sandra Brazauskaitė
 * Olena Pukhaieva
 * Sariya Zakyrova
 * Nataliya Fedorenko
 * Lidiya Averyanova
 * Aušra Gudeliūnaitė (cox)

Swimming
Men's 50 m Freestyle
 * Gennadiy Prigoda
 * Heat – 22.57
 * Final – 22.71 (→ [[Image:Med 3.png|Bronze]] Bronze medal)
 * Vladimir Tkachenko
 * Heat – 22.81
 * Final – 22.88 (→ 6th place)

Men's 100 m Freestyle
 * Gennadiy Prigoda
 * Heat – 50.13
 * Final – 49.75 (→ 4th place)
 * Yuri Bashkatov
 * Heat – 50.08
 * Final – 50.08 (→ 5th place)

Men's 200 m Freestyle
 * Alexei Kouznetsov
 * Heat – 1:50.84
 * B-Final – 1:51.03 (→ 12th place)
 * Yuri Bashkatov
 * Heat – 1:52.04 (→ did not advance, 22nd place)

Men's 400 m Freestyle
 * Alexandre Bazanov
 * Heat – 3:58.74 (→ did not advance, 27th place)

Men's 1500 m Freestyle
 * Vladimir Salnikov
 * Heat – 15:07.83
 * Final – 15:00.40 (→ [[Image:Med 1.png|Gold]] Gold medal)

Men's 100 m Backstroke
 * Igor Polyansky
 * Heat – 55.04
 * Final – 55.20 (→ [[Image:Med 3.png|Bronze]] Bronze medal)
 * Serguei Zabolotnov
 * Heat – 56.13
 * Final – 55.37 (→ 4th place)

Men's 200 m Backstroke
 * Igor Polyansky
 * Heat – 2:01.70
 * Final – 1:59.37 (→ [[Image:Med 1.png|Gold]] Gold medal)
 * Serguei Zabolotnov
 * Heat – 2:01.27
 * Final – 2:00.52 (→ 4th place)

Men's 100 m Breaststroke
 * Dmitry Volkov
 * Heat – 1:02.49
 * Final – 1:02.20 (→ [[Image:Med 3.png|Bronze]] Bronze medal)
 * Alexei Matveev
 * Heat – 1:03.25
 * B-Final – 1:03.01 (→ 9th place)

Men's 200 m Breaststroke
 * Valeri Lozik
 * Heat – 2:16.31
 * Final – 2:16.16 (→ 5th place)
 * Vadim Alexeev
 * Heat – 2:17.15
 * B-Final – 2:16.70 (→ 6th place)

Men's 100 m Butterfly
 * Vadim Yaroshchuk
 * Heat – 54.17
 * Final – 54.60 (→ 8th place)
 * Konstantine Petrov
 * Heat – 55.84 (→ did not advance, 23rd place)

Men's 200 m Butterfly
 * Vadim Yaroshchuk
 * Heat – 2:01.05
 * B-Final – 2:00.34 (→ 11th place)

Men's 200 m Individual Medley
 * Vadim Yaroshchuk
 * Heat – 2:02.77
 * Final – 2:02.40 (→ [[Image:Med 3.png|Bronze]] Bronze medal)
 * Mikhail Zoubkov
 * Heat – 2:03.79
 * Final – 2:02.92 (→ 4th place)

Men's 400 m Individual Medley
 * Mikhail Zoubkov
 * Heat – 4:25.30
 * B-Final – 4:25.44 (→ 13th place)

Men's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay
 * Raimundas Mažuolis, Alexei Borislavski, Nikolai Evseev and Vladimir Tkachenko
 * Heat – 3:19.89
 * Gennadiy Prigoda, Yuri Bashkatov, Nikolai Evseev and Vladimir Tkachenko
 * Final – 3:18.33 (→ [[Image:Med 2.png|Silver]] Silver medal)

Men's 4 × 200 m Freestyle Relay
 * Serguei Kouriaev, Alexandre Bazanov, Nikolai Evseev and Aleksei Kouznetsov
 * Heat – DSQ (→ did not advance, no ranking)

Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay Women's 50 m Freestyle
 * Serguei Zabolotnov, Valeri Lozik, Konstantine Petrov and Nikolai Evseev
 * Heat – 3:45.29
 * Igor Polyansky, Dmitry Volkov, Vadim Yaroshchuk and Gennadiy Prigoda
 * Final – 3:39.96 (→ [[Image:Med 3.png|Bronze]] Bronze medal)
 * Inna Abramova
 * Heat – 26.27
 * B-Final – 26.48 (→ 14th place)

Women's 100 m Freestyle
 * Natalia Trefilova
 * Heat – 56.66
 * B-Final – 56.48 (→ 9th place)
 * Svetlana Issakova
 * Heat – 57.17
 * B-Final – 57.07 (→ 15th place)

Women's 200 m Freestyle
 * Natalia Trefilova
 * Heat – 2:00.54
 * Final – 1:59.24 (→ 5th place)

Women's 400 m Freestyle
 * Natalia Trefilova
 * Heat – 4:12.20
 * Final – 4:13.92 (→ 8th place)

Women's 800 m Freestyle
 * Natalia Trefilova
 * Heat – 8:43.19 (→ did not advance, 15th place)

Women's 100 m Breaststroke
 * Yelena Volkova
 * Heat – 1:09.86
 * Final – 1:09.24 (→ 5th place)
 * Svetlana Kouzmina
 * Heat – 1:10.83
 * B-Final – 1:10.42 (→ 9th place)

Women's 200 m Breaststroke
 * Yulia Bogatcheva
 * Heat – 2:28.94
 * Final – 2:28.54 (→ 5th place)
 * Svetlana Kouzmina
 * Heat – 2:30.93
 * B-Final – 2:30.03 (→ 10th place)

Women's 100 m Butterfly
 * Svetlana Koptchikova
 * Heat – 1:01.65
 * B-Final – 1:01.48 (→ 9th place)

Women's 200 m Butterfly
 * Svetlana Koptchikova
 * Heat – 2:15.26
 * B-Final – 2:14.43 (→ 12th place)

Women's 200 m Individual Medley
 * Yelena Dendeberova
 * Heat – 2:15.30
 * Final – 2:13.31 (→ [[Image:Med 2.png|Silver]] Silver medal)
 * Yulia Bogatcheva
 * Heat – 2:19.07
 * B-Final – 2:19.91 (→ 15th place)

Women's 400 m Individual Medley
 * Yelena Dendeberova
 * Heat – 4:46.63
 * Final – 4:40.44 (→ 4th place)

Women's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay
 * Inna Abramova, Svetlana Issakova, Yelena Dendeberova and Svetlana Koptchikova
 * Heat – 3:46.28
 * Yelena Dendeberova, Svetlana Issakova, Natalia Trefilova and Svetlana Koptchikova
 * Final – 3:44.99 (→ 5th place)

Synchronized swimming
Three synchronized swimmers represented the Soviet Union in 1988.

 * Women's solo
 * Christina Thalassinidou
 * Mariya Chernyayeva
 * Tatyana Titova

 * Women's duet
 * Mariya Chernyayeva
 * Tatyana Titova

Tennis
Men's Singles Competition
 * Alexander Volkov
 * First round — Lost to Carl-Uwe Steeb (West Germany) 5–7 4–6 3–6

Women's Singles Competition
 * Larisa Neiland
 * First Round – Bye
 * Second Round – Defeated Sara Gomer (Great Britain) 6–7 7–6 9–7
 * Third Round – Defeated Il-Soon Kim (South Korea) 6–3 7–6
 * Quarterfinals – Lost to Steffi Graf (West Germany) 2–6 6–4 3–6
 * Leila Meskhi
 * First Round – Defeated Regina Rajchrtová (Czechoslovakia) 7–5 7–5
 * Second Round – Lost to Steffi Graf (West Germany) 5–7 1–6
 * Natasha Zvereva
 * First Round – Bye
 * Second Round – Defeated Anne Minter (Australia) 6–4 3–6 6–1
 * Third Round – Defeated Tine Scheuer-Larsen (Denmark) 6–1 6–2
 * Quarterfinals – Lost to Gabriela Sabatini (Argentina) 4–6 3–6

Men's tournament

 * Preliminary round (group A)
 * Defeated Bulgaria (3–0)
 * Defeated Sweden (3–0)
 * Defeated South Korea (3–0)
 * Defeated Italy (3–1)
 * Lost to Brazil (2–3)

 * Semi Finals
 * Defeated Argentina (3–0)

 * Final
 * Lost to the United States (1–3) → [[Image:Med 2.png]] Silver medal

 * Team roster
 * Yuri Panchenko
 * Andrei Kuzentsov
 * Vyatcheslav Zaytsev
 * Igor Runov
 * Vladimir Chkourikhine
 * Yevgueny Krasilnikov
 * Raimond Vilde
 * Valery Lossev
 * Yuri Sapega
 * Oleksandr Sorokalet
 * Yaroslav Antonov
 * Yuri Tcherednik

 * Head coach: Guennady Parchine

Women's tournament

 * Preliminary round (group A)
 * Lost to Japan (2–3)
 * Defeated South Korea (3–2)
 * Defeated East Germany (3–0)

 * Semi Finals
 * Defeated PR China (3–0)

 * Final
 * Defeated Peru (3–2) → [[Image:Med 1.png]] Gold medal

 * Team roster
 * Valentina Ogienko
 * Yelena Volkova
 * Irina Smirnova-Ilchenko
 * Tatyana Sidorenko
 * Irina Parkhomchuk-Kirillova
 * Olga Shkournova
 * Marina Nikulina
 * Elena Ovtchnikova
 * Olga Krivocheeva
 * Svetlana Korytova
 * Marina Koumych
 * Tatyana Krainova

 * Head coach: Nikolai Karpol

Men's tournament

 * Preliminary round (group A)
 * Drew with Italy (9–9)
 * Defeated Australia (11–4)
 * Defeated France (14–8)
 * Defeated South Korea (17–4)
 * Lost to West Germany (8–9)

 * Semi Finals
 * Lost to United States (7–8)

 * Bronze medal match
 * Defeated West Germany (14–13) → [[Image:Med 3.png]] Bronze medal

 * Team roster
 * Evgueni Charonov
 * Nourlan Mendygaliev
 * Evgeni Grichine
 * Alexandre Kolotov
 * Sergei Naoumov
 * Victor Berendiouga
 * Serguei Kotenko
 * Dmitri Apanasenko
 * Georgui Mchvenieradze
 * Mikhail Ivanov
 * Serguei Markotch
 * Nikolai Smirnov
 * Mikhail Giorgadze

 * Head coach: Boris Popov

Men's freestyle
{| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" |

Athlete
! rowspan="2" |Event !First round !Second round !Third round !Fourth round !Fifth round !Sixth round !Seventh round !Final round ! rowspan="2" |Rank ! !Opposition Result !Opposition Result !Opposition Result !Opposition Result !Opposition Result !Opposition Result !Opposition Result
 * -Sergey Karamchakov
 * }
 * Alexander Karelin — Wrestling, Heavyweight
 * }
 * Alexander Karelin — Wrestling, Heavyweight
 * }
 * Alexander Karelin — Wrestling, Heavyweight
 * }
 * Alexander Karelin — Wrestling, Heavyweight
 * }
 * Alexander Karelin — Wrestling, Heavyweight
 * }
 * Alexander Karelin — Wrestling, Heavyweight
 * }
 * Alexander Karelin — Wrestling, Heavyweight
 * }
 * Alexander Karelin — Wrestling, Heavyweight
 * }
 * Alexander Karelin — Wrestling, Heavyweight
 * }
 * Alexander Karelin — Wrestling, Heavyweight
 * }
 * Alexander Karelin — Wrestling, Heavyweight
 * }
 * Alexander Karelin — Wrestling, Heavyweight
 * }
 * Alexander Karelin — Wrestling, Heavyweight
 * }
 * Alexander Karelin — Wrestling, Heavyweight
 * }
 * Alexander Karelin — Wrestling, Heavyweight
 * }
 * Alexander Karelin — Wrestling, Heavyweight
 * }
 * Alexander Karelin — Wrestling, Heavyweight
 * }
 * Alexander Karelin — Wrestling, Heavyweight
 * Alexander Karelin — Wrestling, Heavyweight


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User:80N/sandpit/Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/colour&action=edit

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No. 300 Polish Bomber Squadron

No. 300 (Polish) Bomber Squadron "Land of Masovia" (300 Dywizjon Bombowy "Ziemi Mazowieckiej"; also "No 300 (Masovian) Squadron") was a Polish bomber squadron formed in Great Britain as part of an agreement between the Polish government-in-exile and the United Kingdom in 1940. It was one of 15 squadrons of the Polish Air Force in exile that served alongside the Royal Air Force in World War II. It was disbanded in 1947. 300 Squadron is now represented by 300 (Isle of Axholme) Squadron of the Royal Air Force Air Training Corps, which made the alliance with the Polish Air Force is 1994.

History
Before the outbreak of World War II, the Polish government signed an agreement with the Royal Air Force. According to the appendix to the Polish-British Alliance, in the event of war with Germany, two Polish bomber squadrons were to be created on British soil. However, after Germany and the USSR invaded Poland, most of the Polish airmen who reached the West were incorporated into the Polish Air Forces being created in France. It was not until the fall of France that Polish airmen started to arrive in the United Kingdom in large numbers.

Polish evacuees and refugees with experience in aerial warfare were at first housed in a military camp in Eastchurch.

No. 300 Polish Bomber Squadron was created On 1 July 1940 as the first such Polish unit at RAF Bramcote, as a part of the Polish Air Forces in Great Britain. As there was a large number of Polish airmen, often with experience in combat against German forces in Poland and France, further bomber squadrons were created by 24 July.

Between 19 July 1940 and 8 May 1945, the crews of 300 squadron flew 3,891 sorties and spent 20,264 hours in the air.

At first equipped with Fairey Battle light bombers, the squadron was re-equipped with Vickers Wellington medium bombers on 16 November 1940. The squadron used several variants, including Mark IC, IV, III and X. In 1941 while the unit was equipped with Wellingtons and flying from Hemswell on "gardening" (mining) operations, the squadron's Intelligence Officer was Michael Bentine, later to become well-known as an entertainer. On 5 March 1944 the unit was re-equipped with Avro Lancaster heavy bombers. It was the only Polish squadron that operated Lancasters, and it continued to use them until the end of World War II (Mk I and Mk III variants).

During the war the squadron took part in most of the notable air offensives in Europe, including attacks on the Germany Kriegsmarine preparing for Operation Sea Lion, also ships such as the GERMAN BATTLESHIP Gneisenau docked in Brest, France, other naval facilities in Wilhelmshaven and its U-boat facilities in Saint-Nazaire, Millennium Offensive on large bombing raids on Cologne, bombing raids on V-weapons sites, D-Day, in support of crossing the Rhine, the Battle of the Ruhr, the bombing of Hamburg, and the Battle of Berlin.

A number of the crew members were in late 1942 attached to the RAF Tempsford based No. 138 (Special) Squadron RAF as the newly formed Flight C operating the Handley Page Halifax.

The last mission was the bombing of Obersalzberg on 25 April 1945 against Adolf Hitler's residence in Berchtesgaden. The unit was disbanded in January 1947, after the Allies withdrew their support for the Polish government-in-exile.

title: No. 300 Polish Bomber Squadron


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Transcendence Galactic Archive

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 09:46, May 2, 2005 (UTC)

Transcendence Galactic Archive
Looks like the beginnings of an attempt to create a gaming manual. At best, transwiki to Wikibooks, assuming the information isn't a copyvio. RickK 23:35, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, since there's not really any content beyond section headings. --TenOfAllTrades (talk/contrib) 01:50, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, I see nothing there I can't get from the official site, and besides that most of the content they'll be adding will likely be copyvio'd from it. Master Thief Garrett 02:37, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Gaming cruft. jni 06:51, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Fred DeLuca

Frederick Adrian DeLuca (October 3, 1947 – September 14, 2015) was an American businessman, who was the co-founder and president of the Subway franchise of fast food restaurants with Peter Buck. During his tenure, Subway grew into the largest franchise in the world.

Early life
Fred DeLuca was born in Brooklyn, New York, on October 3, 1947 to Italian American parents Carmela and Salvatore DeLuca. At the age of 10, DeLuca moved to Amsterdam, New York, where he and his family became friends with Peter Buck. Once in his teens, he moved with his family to Bridgeport, Connecticut, where he graduated from Central High School in 1965. DeLuca realized a dream of his to go to college and graduated from the University of Bridgeport.

While in high school, Fred began dating his schoolmate Elisabeth, who had immigrated to the United States at age seven along with her parents of East Prussian origin. The two went on to marry in 1969.

Career
In 1965, 17-year-old DeLuca borrowed $1,000 from family friend Peter Buck. This was after Buck suggested the idea to help DeLuca make money for college to study medicine. DeLuca's plan was to begin a "fast-food venture that provided a healthful, less fattening bill of fare". On the radio advertisement they had promoted the name as "Pete's Submarines," which sounded like "Pizza Marines", so they changed the name to "Pete's Subway." Eventually in 1968, it was shortened to simply "Subway" as it is known today.

Early years of Subway
With the help of his mother Carmela and Dr. Buck, the first shop opened on August 28, 1965, in Bridgeport, Connecticut. The first year of business was a learning experience and a challenge. A year later they opened their second location, having realized that visibility and marketing were key factors to success. DeLuca believed that the biggest mistake he made was where he set up his very first shop as it was a "crummy location." The third outlet was in a highly visible location and that location is still there today.

Fred DeLuca ran Subway as a family business, with his mother running the first shop, his sister working as a "sandwich artist" and even his wife Elisabeth worked in the corporate office. Every Monday, Dr. Buck would visit the DeLuca household and visit Carmela and Fred to discuss the Subway business. As time went on, they eventually turned to a franchising model which is when they saw their growth explode. In 1978, Subway's 100th store opened, and reached the 1,000 store mark in 1987. Explosive growth continued with Subway opening 1,100 units in 1993.

Jared Fogle
After reading an article about an Indiana man who lost 245 lb eating Subway Sandwiches, Fred DeLuca met Jared Fogle, bought him a new Mitsubishi Galant, and made him Subway's featured spokesman by 2000. After Fogle became Subway's spokesman, sales and store openings started to skyrocket.

By 2015, a Subway franchisee whistleblower named Cindy Mills alerted several high-ranking Subway executives about Fogle having pedophilia and engaging in illicit sexual activity. In a statement, Subway denied any knowledge of Fogle's pedophilia and that executives including DeLuca and others were previously unaware of Fogle engaging in underage prostitution both in the United States and in Thailand.

Other ventures
DeLuca and Buck also partnered to create Franchise Brands in an effort to assist other entrepreneurs in replicating their success in the franchise industry.

Legacy
During DeLuca's tenure, Subway grew to be the largest franchise in the world. DeLuca aggressively pursued store growth, requiring franchisees open stores nearby their existing ones, in some cases across the street from their existing locations, or else Subway would recruit a competitor that would put them out of business. From 2015 to 2020, Subway had a net loss of thousands of US stores, although it remains the largest sandwich chain in the world.

Personal life
DeLuca had homes in Milford, Connecticut, and Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and lived with his wife Elisabeth. His son, Jonathan, lives in Boca Raton, Florida. DeLuca adopted a child of Cindy Mattson, named Luca.

Death
On July 15, 2013, DeLuca announced that he was being treated for leukemia. DeLuca died on September 14, 2015, at Lauderdale Lakes, Florida.

Honors
At the graduation commencement in 2002, DeLuca received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters (L.H.D.) from his alma mater, the University of Bridgeport. He also was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Connecticut Restaurant Association

title: Fred DeLuca


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Pachyrhinosaurus

Pachyrhinosaurus (meaning in Greek "thick-nosed lizard", from Παχυ (pachy), thick; ρινό (rinó), nose; and σαυρος (sauros), lizard) is an extinct genus of centrosaurine ceratopsid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period of North America. The first examples were discovered by Charles M. Sternberg in Alberta, Canada, in 1946, and named in 1950. Over a dozen partial skulls and a large assortment of other fossils from various species have been found in Alberta and Alaska. A great number were not available for study until the 1980s, resulting in a relatively recent increase of interest in Pachyrhinosaurus.

Three species have been identified. P. lakustai, from the Wapiti Formation, the bonebed horizon of which is roughly equivalent age to the upper Bearpaw and lower Horseshoe Canyon Formations, is known to have existed from about 73.5–72.5 million years ago. P. canadensis is younger, known from the lower Horseshoe Canyon Formation, about 71.5–71 Ma ago and the St. Mary River Formation. Fossils of the youngest species, P. perotorum, have been recovered from the Prince Creek Formation of Alaska, and date to 70–69 Ma ago. The presence of three known species makes this genus the most speciose among the centrosaurines.

Discovery and species
Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis, was described in 1950 by Charles Mortram Sternberg based on the holotype incomplete skull NMC 8867, and the paratype incomplete skull NMC 8866, which included the anterior part of the skull but was lacking the right lower mandible, and the "beak". These skulls were collected in 1945 and 1946 from the sandy clay of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation in Alberta, Canada. In the years to come, additional material would be recovered at the Scabby Butte locality of the St. Mary River Formation near Lethbridge, Alberta, from terrestrial sediments considered to be between 74 and 66 million years old. These were among the first dinosaur sites found in the province, in the 1880s. The significance of these discoveries was not understood until shortly after World War II when preliminary excavations were conducted.

Another Pachyrhinosaurus skull was taken out of the Scabby Butte locality in 1955, and then in 1957 Wann Langston Jr. and a small crew excavated additional pachyrhinosaur remains. The University of Calgary has plans to reopen this important site some day as a field school for university-level paleontology students. Several specimens, NMC 21863, NMC 21864, NMC 10669 assigned in 1975 by W. Langston Jr. to Pachyrhinosaurus were also recovered at the Scabby Butte locality.

Another Pachyrhinosaurus bonebed, on the Wapiti River south of Beaverlodge in northwestern Alberta, was worked briefly by staff of the Royal Tyrrell Museum in the late 1980s but is now worked annually for a couple weeks each summer (since 2006) by the University of Alberta. Material from this site appears referable to Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis. In 1974, Grande Prairie, Alberta science teacher Al Lakusta found a large bonebed along Pipestone Creek in Alberta. When the area was finally excavated between 1986 and 1989 by staff and volunteers of the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, paleontologists discovered an amazingly large and dense selection of bones—up to 100 per square metre, with a total of 3,500 bones and 14 skulls. This was apparently the site of a mass mortality, perhaps a failed attempt to cross a river during a flood. Found amongst the fossils were the skeletons of four distinct age groups ranging from juveniles to full-grown dinosaurs, indicating that the Pachyrhinosaurus cared for their young. The adult skulls had both convex and concave bosses as well as unicorn-style horns on the parietal bone just behind their eyes. The concave boss types might be related to erosion only and not reflect male/female differences.

In 2008, a detailed monograph describing the skull of the Pipestone Creek pachyrhinosaur, and penned by Philip J. Currie, Wann Langston Jr., and Darren Tanke, classified the specimen as a second species of Pachyrhinosaurus, named P. lakustai after its discoverer.

In 2013, Fiorillo et al. described a new specimen, an incomplete nasal bone attributable to Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum which was collected from the Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry on the Colville River in Alaska. Fiorillo et al. named this unique northern Alaskan species after the Texas oil billionaire and benefactor, Ross Perot. This bone, designated DMNH 21460 belongs to an immature individual. This discovery expands the known age profile of this dinosaur genus from this particular site. The specimen has nasal ornamentation that is dorsally enlarged, representing an intermediate stage of growth. Of note, the authors pointed out that the posterior part of the nasal shows evidence for "a degree of integument complexity not previously recognized in other species" of Pachyrhinosaurus. It was determined that the dorsal surface of the nasal boss bore a thick, cornified pad and sheath.

Description
Size estimates for the largest Pachyrhinosaurus species, P. canadensis indicate lengths of 6-8 m and a weight of 3-4 tonne. The other species, P. lakustai and P. perotorum, have been estimated by Greg Paul at 5 m in length and 2 tonne in weight. They were herbivorous and possessed strong cheek teeth to help them chew tough, fibrous plants.

Instead of horns, their skulls bore massive, flattened bosses; a large boss over the nose and a smaller one over the eyes. A prominent pair of horns grew from the frill and extended upwards. The skull also bore several smaller horns or ornaments that varied between individuals and between species. In P. canadensis and P. perotorum, the bosses over the nose and eyes nearly grew together, and were separated only by a narrow groove. In P. lakustai, the two bosses were separated by a wide gap. In P. canadensis and P. lakustai, the frill bore two additional small, curved, backward-pointed horns. P. perotorum was thought to have two unique, flattened horns which projected forward and down from the top edge of the frill, but 2019 it was shown that these had been inaccurately reconstructed and it instead had the same backward pointed as its sister species.

Various ornaments of the nasal boss have also been used to distinguish between different species of Pachyrhinosaurus. Both P. lakustai and P. perotorum bore a jagged, comb-like extension at the tip of the boss which was missing in P. canadensis. P. perotorum was unique in having a narrow dome in the middle of the back portion of the nasal boss, and P. lakustai had a pommel-like structure projecting from the front of the boss (the boss of P. canadensis was mainly flat on top and rounded). P. lakustai bore another comb-like horn arising from the middle of the frill behind the eyes.

Classification
The cladogram below shows the phylogenetic position of all currently known Pachyrhinosaurus species following Chiba et al. (2017):

Growth rates
During the first few years of development, P. perotorum show extremely rapid growth. When the animals were one year old, they had already reached 28% of their adult body size. By age two, they were almost half the size of a mature adult. However, the rate of growth slows considerably after that, and maximum size is not fully attained until about age twenty. The development of characteristics useful in sexual selection, including competition between males, such as pronounced nasal bosses, occurred at approximately nine years of age. This presumably corresponds to the age of sexual maturity.

Unlike other Pachyrhinosaurus species, P. perotorum shows highly conspicuous growth banding in the bones, indicating retarded growth during the winter. This is perhaps not surprising, considering that P. perotorum experienced much harsher winters than southerly species within the genus.

P. lakustai does not show growth banding early in ontogeny in the specimens that have been examined. However, growth bands are weakly expressed later in ontogeny. This probably indicates rapid growth in youth, followed by gradually decreasing growth rates as the animal neared adulthood. The growth curve of the animal would therefore be somewhat asymptotic, unlike the linear growth found in many ectothermic animals.

The development of characteristics useful in sexual selection, including competition between males, such as pronounced nasal bosses, occurred when the dinosaur was roughly 73% the size of a full-grown adult. The age of sexual maturity is unknown. Due to the lack of conspicuous growth banding, more detailed analyses of P. lakustai growth rates cannot be performed.

Habitat
The St. Mary River Formation has not undergone a definitive radiometric dating, however, the available stratigraphic correlation has shown that this formation was deposited between 74 and 66 million years ago, during the Campanian and the late Maastrichtian, during the final regression of the mid-continental Bearpaw Seaway. It ranges from as far south as Glacier County, Montana to as far north as the Little Bow River in Alberta. The St. Mary River Formation is part of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in southwestern Alberta, which extends from the Rocky Mountains in the west to the Canadian Shield in the east. It is laterally equivalent to the Horseshoe Canyon Formation. The region where dinosaurs lived was bounded by mountains to the west, and included ancient channels, small freshwater ponds, streams, and floodplains.

Paleofauna
Pachyrhinosaurus shared its paleoenvironment with other dinosaurs, such as the ceratopsians Anchiceratops and Montanoceratops cerorhynchus, the armored nodosaur Edmontonia longiceps, the duckbilled hadrosaur Edmontosaurus regalis, the theropods Saurornitholestes and Troodon, possibly the ornithopod Thescelosaurus, and the tyrannosaurid Albertosaurus, which was likely the apex predator in its ecosystem. Vertebrates present in the St. Mary River Formation at the time of Pachyrhinosaurus included the actinopterygian fishes Amia fragosa, Lepisosteus, Belonostomus, Paralbula casei, and Platacodon nanus, the mosasaur Plioplatecarpus, the turtle Boremys and the diapsid reptile Champsosaurus. A fair number of mammals lived in this region, which included Turgidodon russelli, Cimolestes, Didelphodon, Leptalestes, Cimolodon nitidus, and Paracimexomys propriscus. Non-vertebrates in this ecosystem included mollusks, the oyster Crassostrea wyomingensis, the small clam Anomia, and the snail Thiara. Flora of the region include the aquatic angiosperm Trapago angulata, the amphibious heterosporous fern Hydropteris pinnata, rhizomes, and taxodiaceous conifers.

Habitat
The Horseshoe Canyon Formation has been radiometrically dated as being between 74 and 67 million years old. It was deposited during the gradual withdrawal of the Western Interior Seaway, during the Campanian and Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous period. The Horseshoe Canyon Formation is a terrestrial unit which is part of the Edmonton Group that includes the Battle Formation and the Whitemud Member, both in Edmonton. The valley where dinosaurs lived included ancient meandering estuary channels, straight channels, peat swamps, river deltas, floodplains, shorelines and wetlands. Due to the changing sea levels, many different environments are represented in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, including offshore and near-shore marine habitats and coastal habitats like lagoons, and tidal flats. The area was wet and warm with a temperate to subtropical climate. Just prior to the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary, the mean annual temperature and precipitation in this region dropped rapidly. The dinosaurs from this formation form part of the Edmontonian land vertebrate age, and are distinct from those in the formations above and below.

Modern life at high elevations in lower latitudes resembles life at low elevation in higher latitudes. There may be parallels to this phenomenon in Cretaceous ecosystems, for instance, Pachyrhinosaurus species are found in both Alaska and upland environments in southern Alberta. During the Edmontonian, in North America's northern biome, there is a general trend of reduced centrosaurine diversity, with only Pachyrhinosaurus surviving. Pachyrhinosaurus appears to have been part of a coastal fauna characterized by an association with Edmontosaurus.

Paleofauna
P. canadensis coexisted with ankylosaurids Anodontosaurus lambei and Edmontonia longiceps, the maniraptorans Atrociraptor marshalli, Epichirostenotes curriei, the troodontid Albertavenator curriei, the alvarezsaurid theropod Albertonykus borealis, the ornithomimids Dromiceiomimus brevitertius, Ornithomimus edmontonicus, and an unnamed species of Struthiomimus, the bone-head pachycephalosaurids Stegoceras, and Sphaerotholus edmontonensis, the ornithopod Parksosaurus warreni, the hadrosaurids Edmontosaurus regalis, Hypacrosaurus altispinus, and Saurolophus osborni, the ceratopsians Anchiceratops ornatus, Arrhinoceratops brachyops, Eotriceratops xerinsularis, Montanoceratops cerorhynchus, and the tyrannosaurid Albertosaurus sarcophagus, which was the apex predator of this paleoenvironment. Of these, the hadrosaurs dominated in terms of sheer number and made up half of all dinosaurs who lived in this region. Vertebrates present in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation at the time of Pachyrhinosaurus included reptiles, and amphibians. Sharks, rays, sturgeons, bowfins, gars and the gar-like Belonostomus made up the fish fauna. Reptiles such as turtles and crocodilians are rare in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, and this was thought to reflect the relatively cool climate which prevailed at the time. A study by Quinney et al. (2013), however, showed that the decline in turtle diversity, which was previously attributed to climate, coincided instead with changes in soil drainage conditions, and was limited by aridity, landscape instability, and migratory barriers. The saltwater plesiosaur Leurospondylus was present and freshwater environments were populated by turtles, Champsosaurus, and crocodilians like Leidyosuchus and Stangerochampsa. Evidence has shown that multituberculates and the early marsupial Didelphodon coyi were present. Vertebrate trace fossils from this region included the tracks of theropods, ceratopsians and ornithopods, which provide evidence that these animals were also present. Non-vertebrates in this ecosystem included both marine and terrestrial invertebrates.

title: Pachyrhinosaurus


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User:80N/sandpit/Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/shortname

Liberal Democrats


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/AMP'D

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 09:45, May 2, 2005 (UTC)

AMP'D
DO NOT DELETE!!!!!!! This is how people learn about them! Band page. No hits on google. --Asparagus 23:36, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No Google, no Wiki. Plain and simple. Master Thief Garrett 02:33, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, band vanity. Megan1967 04:27, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Do Delete Band vanity Dsmdgold 14:27, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/AMP'D


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User talk:NessaChan

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

One thing to remember: don't sign articles! Only put ~ on talk pages or vote pages, not on articles that you edit, otherwise well done for creating your first article!

I'm actually going to move it for you - Joseph evans sperry and Joseph Evans Sperry are actully different names and it's best to use capitals for names. (Your original article now redirects to Joseph Evans Sperry.

Sorry if that sounds like a lecture! I know these things aren't obvious when you're just starting on Wikipedia - I've only been on Wikipedia for nearly two months. If you do have any questions, please write to me on my Talk page. Again, welcome and I hope you stay. SteveW | Talk 23:36, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:NessaChan


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User:80N/sandpit/Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/colour

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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Snotex

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. CDC  (talk)  22:19, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Snotex
It is more of a promo for a non-notable textile company. Zzyzx11 | Talk 23:36, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as above. But shouldn't it be "Snowtext"? That's a brand we have here in New Zealand. Plus I don't think having "snot-ex" as your company name is a very promising choice... Master Thief Garrett 02:27, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Article does not establish notability. Sjakkalle 09:34, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Snotex


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User:80N/sandpit/Conservative Party (UK)/meta/colour

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James Wilkinson (disambiguation)

James Wilkinson (1757–1825) was an American general and politician.

James Wilkinson may also refer to:

 * James H. Wilkinson (1919–1986), English mathematician and computer scientist
 * J. Harvie Wilkinson III (James Harvie Wilkinson III, born 1944), American judge
 * James Kemsey Wilkinson (1906–1997), British businessman, founder of Wilko
 * James Wilkinson (Australian politician) (1854–1915), Australian federal politician
 * Jim Wilkinson (Australian politician) (born 1951), Tasmanian politician
 * James Wilkinson (sailor) (born 1951), Irish sailor
 * James John Garth Wilkinson (1812–1899), English homeopathic physician, social reformer, translator and writer on Swedenborg
 * James M. Wilkinson (1838–1898), Michigan politician
 * Jim Wilkinson (communications) (born 1970), former U.S. government employee who works in the field of public relations
 * J. L. Wilkinson (1878–1964), American sports executive
 * James Wilkinson, original owner of Wilkinson Sword Company

title: James Wilkinson (disambiguation)


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Rope dart

The rope dart or rope javelin (, Japanese: 縄鏢 or 縄標: Jōhyō), is one of the flexible weapons in Chinese martial arts. Other weapons in this family include the meteor hammer, flying claws, Fei Tou flying weight, and chain whip.

The rope dart is a long rope (usually 3 - 5 m) with a metal dart attached to one end. This was a weapon from ancient times, which allows the user to throw the dart out at a long-range target and use the rope to pull it back. The rope dart can be used for twining, binding, circling, hitting, piercing, tightening, slashing, snaring, harpoon and other techniques.

Rope dart play consists of twining, shooting, and retrieval. Twining and shooting can be done from any joint such as foot, knee, elbow, and neck. The rope is anchored on one hand and played primarily with the other hand.

Skillful use of the rope dart can easily trick an opponent because the dart can shoot out very suddenly, from a person beyond immediate reach.

Just like the chain whip, excellent hand-eye coordination is a must for the practitioner to use the rope dart well. In some Wushu training regimens, the chain whip and Changquan are prerequisites for learning the rope dart.

A variation of the rope dart is the meteor hammer, which has a blunt weight on the end of the rope. It was used in a similar fashion to the rope dart, and many of the techniques are the same. Another variation is Fei Tou flying weight, which is heavier than rope dart, made of a heavy conical weight on the end of a long rope. Like the rope dart it can be shot out at the opponent, but it is somewhat better suited to bludgeoning swings like the meteor hammer.

History
The earliest known reference to the rope dart as a distinct weapon from the meteor hammer or flying claw is a drawing in a 19th-century book about street vendors in Beijing. The context and items in this drawing as well as photographs from the early 20th century of similar content suggest these rope darts are intended for use in performance art. These early versions are shown with bamboo tubes that function as a sliding handle.

Construction
The rope dart is constructed from 4 to 5 parts:
 * dart
 * rings
 * rope or fine chain
 * flags or bright feathers
 * handle (optional)

The dart is made of a hard material, usually iron or steel. It can be of variable weight depending on the users preference, and can be variable in shape (conical, triangular prism, pentagonal prism).

The rings (usually 4 or 5) are attached to the dart head.

The rope is attached to the final ring. Traditionally, the rope was constructed from Chinese rope and covered with wax to minimize friction. In modern times, the rope is often made of a softer synthetic material and covered with talc powder or some other substance to reduce friction.

There is at least one flag attached near, or onto the dart head itself to conceal the dart during play and to add control. Additional flags can be attached to the side rings to slow down the dart and increase control.

The handle is made from the last piece of rope as a slipknot to attach to the anchor hand's wrist.

As performance art
While relatively new, rope dart is used in the object manipulation scenes due to its impressive performances. Because of this, there have been modifications to the original design. Some rope darts have been created to be set alight. A section of fireproof chain between the dart or meteor head and the rope attaches it securely and Kevlar wicks form the flammable head. Other rope darts have heads filled with LED lights. Both of these can be performed in the dark, adding excitement and mystery.[citation needed]

In modern media

 * In Season 1 of America's Got Talent: Extreme William Brandon performed a fire dance with the rope dart.
 * In the Assassin's Creed series, the rope dart appears as a tool in several games that can be used for either navigation or to assassinate enemies, typically via hanging. The character Shao Jun, a 16th-century Chinese Assassin, is credited with its invention, and Edward Kenway, Shay Cormac, Adéwalé, Ratonhnhaké:ton, Arbaaz Mir and Eivor Varinsdottir also employ rope darts in their respective games.
 * In the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings, Shang-Chi’s younger sister Xialing teaches herself how to use a rope dart in secret after their father Wenwu forbids her from training with the other men of the Ten Rings. After traveling to Ta Lo, Xialing acquires a rope dart made from dragon scales.
 * In the Mortal Kombat series, the character Scorpion uses a rope dart.
 * In Destiny 2, the Hunter class uses a rope dart as a melee weapon as well as their super ability when using the Strand subclass.

title: Rope dart


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User:80N/sandpit/Conservative Party (UK)/meta/shortname

Conservative


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File:Ogniem i Mieczem plakat.jpg

Fair use in With Fire and Sword (film)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image  is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (photo/scan) of the Film Poster/ VHS or DVD Cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the film company or the artist.  Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Ogniem i Mieczem plakat.jpg


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Grand National Curling Club

The Grand National Curling Club (GNCC), founded in 1867, was the first National Curling Organization encompassing the entire United States. It remained the national organization until it created the United States Curling Association (USCA) in the 1950s, which split the GNCC into 10 Regions to compete in a U.S. Men's National Curling Championship. The champion would represent the United States in the newly created Men's World Curling Championships.

The GNCC is the union of curling clubs in the Eastern United States. Following the splitting of the GNCC into 10 regions in the 1950s, the GNCC remained as the Eastern US Region, with most of its clubs located in the North-East US From Maine to Virginia. In recent years the growth of new clubs has included both the North-East and South-East United States. As of December 2021, the GNCC includes 73 curling clubs in 18 States. States represented include, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont and Virginia.

Origins and history
In response to a May 1867 advertisement in The Scottish-American Journal, 33 delegates from seven clubs from across the U.S. met on June 26, 1867 in the Caledonian Club rooms in New York City. The seven original clubs were:

 * 1) Caledonian Club (New York, New York)
 * 2) New York Club (New York, New York)
 * 3) Thistle Club (New York, New York)
 * 4) St. Andrew's Club (New York, New York)
 * 5) Paterson Club (Paterson, New Jersey)
 * 6) Caledonian Club (Buffalo, New York)
 * 7) Burns Club (Cleveland, Ohio)

Rather than join the Royal Caledonian Curling Club in Scotland, the delegates decided to form a national organization. On a motion by Mr. James Brand, Caledonian, New York, the new club was called the "Grand National Curling Club of America" and became the first national curling organization in America. Within a few months, additional clubs joined the GNCC from Michigan, Illinois, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin.

The earliest documented club in the current GNCC geographic area was the New England Curling Club of Boston, established sometime prior to 1839.

In the 1950s a Men's World Championship was being organized. The GNCC reorganized and created the United States Curling Association, dividing the GNCC into 10 Regional organizations. This division was to allow a National Playdown with 10 teams. The Grand National Curling Club became a regional association representing the clubs in the eastern United States. Regional based national playdowns are no longer competed to determine the United States Championships.

The GNCC provides many services to its member clubs. These include, mentoring new clubs, stone rental program for the creation of new clubs, training programs for curlers, coaches and ice technicians, just to name a few. The GNCC also has programs to help clubs perform emergency repairs, programs to help clubs become dedicated ice facilities, and programs to support Junior Curling development. This is NOT an all-inclusive list. New programs are created as needed to help the regional clubs develop and grow. The GNCC works to develop and nurture clubs from initial inception through building dedicated facilities and beyond. The GNCC also has a GNCC Club insurance program available to its member clubs, providing great coverage at reasonable rates.

The GNCC holds many regional championships. Including, Men's, Women's, Mixed, Jr Men's, Jr Women's, Mixed Doubles, Senior Men's, Senior Women's, College, Arena, 5 & Under Men's, 5 & Under Women's and 5 & Under Mixed. The GNCC Holds 2 annual International Events. The oldest dating back to the 1870's is the Gordon International, with the GNCC competing with the Royal Caledonian Curling Club, Montreal Branch. In the 1960s the Ross Tarlton was created with the GNCC competing with the Ontario Curling Association. The GNCC began the Scottish Tour with competition between the GNCC (then representing the entire United States) and the Royal Caledonian Curling Club of Scotland in the late 1800s. The GNCC/Scotland Scottish Tour held a competition every 5 years, alternating between the United States and Scotland. With the creation of the United States Curling Association in the 1950s, the Scottish tour was changed to the United States Curling Association vs the Royal Caledonian Curling Club of Scotland. The Scottish Tour continues to be held every 5 years alternating between the United States and Scotland.

In addition to the activities above, the GNCC represents its clubs to the USCA, acting as the conduit for their clubs to the USCA. In 2022, the USCA Board of Directors removed the GNCC as a member region due to non-compliance with the USCA bylaws. Two-thirds of the USA Curling members voted to ratify the decision at the annual Members' Assembly in October 2022.

Events
These events are GNCC Sponsored Events, and do not include the events that are sponsored by the GNCC Member Clubs.
 * Men's
 * Francis Dykes Bonspiel (5 and under)
 * Ross Tarlton
 * Senior Men’s
 * Gordon International
 * Gordon-Emmet – The oldest consecutive event in North America.
 * Women's
 * Senior Women’s
 * Elisabeth Childs Challenge (5 and under)
 * Mixed/Open
 * Senior Mixed
 * Raymond Kayser Memorial Bonspiel (5 and under)
 * Mixed Doubles
 * Arena Club Championship (open event for arena club members only)

Past presidents
In 2018, the GNCC implemented a "New Management Plan". This expanded and reorganized its leadership positions. As part of this change, the highest-ranked officer of the GNCC is now "Chairman of the Board of Directors", eliminating the position of "President".

title: Grand National Curling Club


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Jean-Baptiste Ventura

Jean-Baptiste (Giovanni Battista) Ventura, born Rubino (25 May 1794 – 3 April 1858), was an Italian soldier, mercenary in India, general in Maharaja Ranjit Singh's Sarkar-i-Khalsa, and early archaeologist of the Punjab region of the Sikh Empire.

Early life
Ventura was born in Finale di Modena (now Finale Emilia) in the Duchy of Modena to Gavriel Massarani, a Jewish merchant and Vittoria Massarani, a Catholic. The surname Ventura derives from Buonaventura, Italian for "Mazal Tov", a Hebrew-Sephardic surname originating in Iberia following the expulsion of the Jews in 1492. Ventura received a conventional Jewish education and at the age of seventeen, enrolled as a volunteer in the militia of the Kingdom of Italy, later serving with Napoleon's imperial army in the Queens's Dragons. After the abdication of Napoleon and the dissolution of the Army of Italy in April 1814 he returned to Finale. In 1817, his revolutionary and Napoleonic sympathies became known to the local authorities following a dispute between him and a member of the reactionary Ducal police. As such, he was obliged to leave the country.

In 1817, persecuted by the local authorities for his revolutionary ideas and his sympathies for Napoleon, he had to flee from Finale because of an argument between him and a member of the reactionary police of the Duke of Modena Francesco IV. He went first to Trieste, and then to Constantinople, where he was for a time a ship-broker. He changed his name to Jean-Baptiste to hide his Jewish origins.

Having learned that Persia was seeking the services of European soldiers, he obtained a commission as an officer and helped train the Shah's army with European military methods. He soon obtained the rank of colonel in the army of Prince Mohammad Ali Mirza, the Shah's son. Upon the death of the Shah in 1822, Ventura offered his services to his successor, Abbas Mirza. In the latter's service, however, were a number of English officers who were decidedly hostile to the French; they considered Ventura to be French because he had fought under Napoleon. As a result of their political intrigues, Ventura was dismissed.

Serving the Maharaja of Punjab
He traveled east, ending up in Lahore alongside Jean-François Allard in 1822. They took service with Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the ruler of Punjab, as the Maharaja was encouraging veterans from erstwhile Napoleon's army in a bid to modernize his Sikh Khalsa Army in European warfare.

In March of the following year both Allard and Ventura commanded the Maharaja's troops in the Battle of Nowshera, where they defeated the Afghan army and captured Peshawar. Following a rebellion in Afghanistan, Ventura commanded several difficult campaigns and greatly expanded the boundaries of the kingdom of Punjab.

Along with Jean-Francois Allard, Paolo Avitabile, and Claude Auguste Court, Ventura formed a group of European officers responsible for modernizing the Sikh army and training and commanding the Fauj-i-Khas, the European-model brigade of which Ventura was the commander. Ventura was highly esteemed by the Maharaja, and in addition to the rank of General he was appointed Kazi (i.e., Supreme Judge), and Governor of Lahore. He quickly rose through the ranks at the court and became the de facto Commander in Chief of the Darbar forces.

Ventura married Anna Moses in Ludhiana, a lady of Armenian origin by whom he had a daughter named Victorine, but he always wanted to return to his country of origin. In 1838 he went on a diplomatic mission to Paris and London, but was called back to Lahore before he had time to visit his family in Italy. An educated and eclectic man, he devoted himself to archeology, and in 1830 he was the first ever to explore a stupa, that of Manikyala, where he recovered numerous coins and relics, some of which are now on display at the British Museum in the King Edward the 7th Gallery. He spent his spare time in Peshawar exhuming Bactrian, Greek and Kushan coins from Hindu temples and Buddhist stupas in the Khyber Pass, making numerous excavations then sending the findings on to the Asiatic Society of Bengal in Calcutta. He served faithfully under Ranjit Singh and his successors Kharak Singh, Nau Nihal Singh, and Sher Singh. Upon Maharaja Sher Siṅgh's assassination in September 1843, he left the Punjab.

Later life
In France, he presented King Louis Philippe with a set of ancient Greek coins which he had unearthed. These coins were taken as evidence of Alexander the Great's march through Afghanistan and the Sindh-Punjab region of ancient India.

In his later years he lost a part of his large fortune in unsuccessful commercial enterprises. According to Flaminio Servi, Ventura was baptized toward the end of his life.

He died on 3 April 1858 in Lardenne, near Toulouse, France.

Awards
He received the French Legion of Honour from the King Louis Philippe I in 1835.

Monuments
A monument donated by the Sikh community was inaugurated on May 26, 2019. It was placed in Via Ventura in Finale Emilia opposite the house in which the General was born. It is a bas-relief which represents Ventura with Maharaja Ranjit Singh with dimensions 160x120 cm, sculpted in India.

title: Jean-Baptiste Ventura


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User:80N/sandpit/Green Party of England and Wales/meta/shortname

Green Party


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File:Kurtandcourtneydvd.jpg

Licensing
Video cover

Fair use in Kurt & Courtney
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image  is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (photo/scan) of the Film Poster/ VHS or DVD Cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the film company or the artist.  Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Kurtandcourtneydvd.jpg


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Stishovite

Stishovite is an extremely hard, dense tetragonal form (polymorph) of silicon dioxide. It is very rare on the Earth's surface; however, it may be a predominant form of silicon dioxide in the Earth, especially in the lower mantle.

Stishovite was named after Sergey M. Stishov, a Russian high-pressure physicist who first synthesized the mineral in 1961. It was discovered in Meteor Crater in 1962 by Edward C. T. Chao.

Unlike other silica polymorphs, the crystal structure of stishovite resembles that of rutile (TiO2). The silicon in stishovite adopts an octahedral coordination geometry, being bound to six oxides. Similarly, the oxides are three-connected, unlike low-pressure forms of SiO2. In most silicates, silicon is tetrahedral, being bound to four oxides. It was long considered the hardest known oxide (~30 GPa Vickers ); however, boron suboxide has been discovered in 2002 to be much harder. At normal temperature and pressure, stishovite is metastable.

Stishovite can be separated from quartz by applying hydrogen fluoride (HF); unlike quartz, stishovite will not react.

Appearance
Large natural crystals of stishovite are extremely rare and are usually found as clasts of 1 to 2 mm in length. When found, they can be difficult to distinguish from regular quartz without laboratory analysis. It has a vitreous luster, is transparent (or translucent), and is extremely hard. Stishovite usually sits as small rounded gravels in a matrix of other minerals.

Synthesis
Until recently, the only known occurrences of stishovite in nature formed at the very high shock pressures (>100 kbar, or 10 GPa) and temperatures (> 1200 °C) present during hypervelocity meteorite impact into quartz-bearing rock. Minute amounts of stishovite have been found within diamonds, and post-stishovite phases were identified within ultra-high-pressure mantle rocks. Stishovite may also be synthesized by duplicating these conditions in the laboratory, either isostatically or through shock (see shocked quartz). At 4.287 g/cm3, it is the second densest polymorph of silica, after seifertite. It has tetragonal crystal symmetry, P42/mnm, No. 136, Pearson symbol tP6.

title: Stishovite


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Talk:Entrainment (physics)

Huygens and "coined"
Huygens published/presented his scientific works in Latin and French. I spent some time looking for anything he may have penned in English and have not found a single thing. Hence, I am quite doubtful that he "coined" any English word. As of yet, I have also not found any translation of Huygens work where the translator used the word "entrainment." 3piecesuits (talk) 17:17, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

Untitled
Anyone with more competence than yours truely wish to add something about the alternative meaning, viz. transportation of sediment in fluid?

menstrual synchrony
It's not certain that this phenomenon really exists. See http://www.straightdope.com/columns/021220.html 193.71.196.238 03:13, 31 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Agreed; I'm yanking it. Ojcit 18:51, 2 October 2006 (UTC)
 * In any case, there are better, more quantifiable, and less, er, graphic examples. Ojcit 18:53, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

retitle this article
Isn't this process known more commonly as synchronisation or resonance? Subtitling it as physics is very confusing, as entrainment is far more commonly known as a process in fluid dynamics, which is also within physics. Alternatively, could this page be retitled as entrainment_(oscillators) to avoid this confusion?

Entrainment in fluid mechanics is a very commonly known process in which adjacent bodies of fluid exchange fluid into the more turbulent body of fluid. I think having the physics article on entrainment being about Chogg (talk) 20:33, 8 September 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Entrainment (physics)


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John Kirwan

John Kirwan may refer to:
 * John Óge Kirwan (fl. 1530–1531), mayor of Galway
 * Sir John Kirwan (1650–1721), Irish entrepreneur
 * John Kirwan (cricketer) (1816–1899), English cricketer
 * John Kirwan (politician) (1869–1949), Australian politician
 * John William Kirwan (died 1849), president of Queen's College, Galway
 * Jack Kirwan (John Henry Kirwan) (1878–1959), Irish international footballer player who played for Everton, Tottenham and Chelsea
 * Jack Kirwan (rugby league) (1896–1968), New Zealand rugby league player
 * Sir John Kirwan (rugby) (born 1964), New Zealand rugby player and coach, and mental health advocate

title: John Kirwan


text:
User:80N/sandpit/British National Party/meta/shortname

BNP


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sosuave

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 09:45, May 2, 2005 (UTC)

Sosuave
The only thing that you learn from this article is that it is a website that gives dating advice, period. Zzyzx11 | Talk 23:42, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, if I want a date I'll go to a singles bar. Master Thief Garrett 02:29, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, promo. Megan1967 04:28, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sosuave


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User:80N/sandpit/British National Party/meta/colour

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Talk:Emamshahr

does "length" mean "longitude"? Pdn 23:44, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Emamshahr


text: File:MusicologyCover.jpg

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South Korea at the 1988 Summer Olympics

South Korea was the host nation and competed as Korea at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. 401 competitors, 269 men and 132 women, took part in 218 events in 27 sports.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Archery
Korea's third appearance in Olympic archery was even more successful than its previous one. The women's team was flawless, winning all three of the individual medals and the team gold. The men also won the team gold, with Park Sung-soo adding a fourth individual medal to bring the Koreans' total to six.

Women's Individual Competition:
 * Kim Soo-nyung — Final (→ [[Image:Med 1.png]] Gold Medal)
 * Wang Hee-kyung — Final (→ [[Image:Med 2.png]] Silver Medal)
 * Yun Young-sook — Final (→ [[Image:Med 3.png]] Bronze Medal)

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Park Sung-soo — Final (→ [[Image:Med 2.png]] Silver Medal)
 * Chun In-soo — Final (→ 4th place)
 * Lee Han-sup — Semifinal (→ 10th place)

Women's Team Competition:
 * Kim, Wang, and Yun — Final → ([[Image:Med 1.png]] Gold Medal)

Men's Team Competition:
 * Park, Chun, and Lee — Final → ([[Image:Med 1.png]] Gold Medal)

Athletics
Men's 10,000 metres
 * Lee Sang-keun
 * Heat — 29:37.14 (→ did not advance)

Men's Marathon
 * Kim Won-tak
 * Final — 2:15.44 (→ 18th place)

 * Yoo Jae-sung
 * Final — 2:20.11 (→ 31st place)

 * Gwon Seong-nak
 * Final — DNF

Men's 4 × 100 m Relay
 * Sung Nak-kun, Shim Duk-sup, Kim Bock-sup, and Jang Jae-keun
 * Heat — 39.61
 * Semi Final — 39.43 (→ did not advance)

Men's 4 × 400 m Relay
 * Hwang Hong-chul, Yoon Nam-han, Ryu Tae-keong, and Cho Jin-saeng
 * Heat — 3:14.71 (→ did not advance)

Men's 3.000 m Steeplechase
 * Cha Han-sik
 * Heat — 8:59.82 (→ did not advance)

Men's Long Jump
 * Kim Jong-il
 * Qualification – 7.70m (→ did not advance)

Men's Hammer Throw
 * Lee Joo-hyong
 * Qualifying Heat — 55.98m (→ did not advance)

Men's Shot Put
 * Han Min-soo
 * Qualifying heat – 15.68m (→ did not advance)

Men's Discus Throw
 * Min Se-hoon
 * Qualifying heat – 47.84m (→ did not advance)

Men's Javelin Throw
 * Lee Wook-jong
 * Qualification — 78.10m (→ did not advance)

Men's Decathlon
 * Lee Kwang-ik — 6917 points (→ 33rd place)
 * 100 metres — 11.57s
 * Long Jump — 7.19m
 * Shot Put — 10.27m
 * High Jump — 1.91m
 * 400 metres — 50.71s
 * 110m Hurdles — 16.20s
 * Discus Throw — 34.36m
 * Pole Vault — 4.10m
 * Javelin Throw — 54.94m
 * 1.500 metres — 4:29.98s

Men's 20 km Walk
 * Chung Pil-hwa
 * Final — 1:32:23 (→ 46th place)

 * Jung Myong-oh
 * Final — 1:40:09 (→ 49th place)

Women's 4 × 100 m Relay
 * Yoon Mi-kyong, Woo Yang-ja, Park Mi-seon, and Lee Young-sook
 * Heat — 45.83 (→ did not advance)

Women's 4 × 400 m Relay
 * Yang Kyoung-hee, Choi Se-beom, Lim Chun-ae, and Kim Soon-ja
 * Heat — 3:51.09 (→ did not advance)

Women's Marathon
 * Lee Mi-ok
 * Final — 2:32.51 (→ 15th place)

 * Lim Eun-joo
 * Final — 2:38.21 (→ 37th place)

 * Kim Mi-gyeong
 * Final — did not start (→ no ranking)

Women's Discus Throw
 * Kim Chun-hee
 * Qualification – 45.88m (→ did not advance)

Women's Javelin Throw
 * Yoo Chun-ok
 * Qualification – 48.26m (→ did not advance)

Women's Shot Put
 * Choi Mi-seon
 * Qualification — 13.97m (→ did not advance)

Women's Heptathlon
 * Ji Jeong-mi
 * Final Result — 5289 points (→ 24th place)

Men's tournament

 * Team roster

 * Group play

 * Classification round 9–12

 * Classification round 9/10

Women's tournament

 * Team roster

 * Group play

 * Classification 5–8

 * Classification 7/8

Cycling
Fifteen cyclists, eleven men and four women, represented South Korea in 1988.

 * Men's road race
 * Park Hyeon-gon
 * Lee Jin-ok
 * Sin Dae-cheol

 * Men's team time trial
 * Jo Deok-haeng
 * Lee Jin-ok
 * Park Hyeon-gon
 * Yu Byeong-heon

 * Men's sprint
 * Eom Yeong-seop

 * Men's 1 km time trial
 * Eom Yeong-seop

 * Men's individual pursuit
 * Park Min-su

 * Men's team pursuit
 * An U-hyeok
 * Jeong Jeom-sik
 * Kim Yong-gyu
 * Park Min-su

 * Men's points race
 * Do Eun-cheol

 * Women's road race
 * Kim Gyeong-suk
 * No Yeom-ju
 * Hong Yeong-mi

 * Women's sprint
 * Kim Jin-yeong

Fencing
20 fencers, 15 men and 5 women, represented South Korea in 1988.

 * Men's foil
 * Kim Seung-pyo
 * Go Nak-chun
 * Kim Yong-guk

 * Men's team foil
 * Hong Yeong-seung, Kim Seung-pyo, Kim Yong-guk, Go Nak-chun, Lee Yeong-rok

 * Men's épée
 * Lee Sang-gi
 * Yun Nam-jin
 * Lee Il-hui

 * Men's team épée
 * Jo Hui-je, Lee Il-hui, Lee Sang-gi, Yang Dal-sik, Yun Nam-jin

 * Men's sabre
 * Lee Byeong-nam
 * Kim Sang-uk
 * Lee Uk-jae

 * Men's team sabre
 * Kim Sang-uk, Lee Byeong-nam, Lee Hyo-geun, Lee Hyeon-su, Lee Uk-jae

 * Women's foil
 * Tak Jeong-im
 * Shin Seong-ja
 * Park Eun-hui

 * Women's team foil
 * Kim Jin-sun, Shin Seong-ja, Tak Jeong-im, Yun Jeong-suk, Park Eun-hui

Men's team competition

 * Preliminary round (group B)
 * South Korea — Great Britain 2–2
 * South Korea — Soviet Union 1–3
 * South Korea — India 1–3
 * South Korea — West Germany 0–1
 * South Korea — Canada 1–1

 * Classification Matches
 * 9th–12th place: South Korea — Kenya 5–2
 * 9th–10th place: South Korea — Spain 0–2 (→ Tenth place)

 * Team roster
 * (1.) Song Suk-chan
 * (2.) Kim Yeong-jun
 * (3.) Kim Jong-kap
 * (4.) Chung Boo-jin
 * (5.) Chung Kye-suk
 * (6.) Kim Jae-chun
 * (7.) Kwon Soon-pil
 * (8.) Mo Ji-young
 * (9.) Ji Jae-kwan
 * (10.) Kim Man-whe
 * (11.) Han Jin-soo
 * (12.) Lee Heung-pyo
 * (13.) Hur Sang-young
 * (14.) Park Jae-sik
 * (15.) Yoo Seung-jin
 * (16.) Shin Suk-kyun

 * Head coach: Yoo Seung-in

Women's Team Competition

 * Preliminary round (group B)
 * South Korea — West Germany 4–1
 * South Korea — Canada 3–1
 * South Korea — Australia 5–5

 * Semi Finals
 * South Korea — Great Britain 1–0

 * Final
 * South Korea — Australia 0–2 (→ Silver Medal)

 * Team roster
 * (1.) Kim Mi-sun
 * (2.) Han Ok-kyung
 * (3.) Chang Eun-jung
 * (4.) Han Keum-sil
 * (5.) Choi Choon-ok
 * (6.) Kim Soon-duk
 * (7.) Chung Sang-hyun
 * (8.) Jin Won-sim
 * (9.) Hwang Keum-sook
 * (10.) Cho Ki-hyang
 * (11.) Seo Kwang-mi
 * (12.) Park Soon-ja
 * (13.) Kim Young-sook
 * (14.) Seo Hyo-sun
 * (15.) Lim Kye-sook
 * (16.) Chung Eun-kyung

 * Head coach: Yoo Young-chae

Modern pentathlon
Three male pentathlete represented South Korea in 1988.

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Kim Myeong-geon — 5099 pts, 12th place
 * Gang Gyeong-hyo — 5074 pts, 13th place
 * Kim Seong-ho — 3854 pts, 61st place

Men's Team Competition:
 * Kim, Kang, and Kim — 14027 pts, 14th place

Shooting
Twenty two South Korean shooters (fourteen men and eight women) qualified to compete in the following events:
 * Men

 * Women

 * Open

Swimming
Men's 50 m Freestyle
 * Song Kwang-sun
 * Heat – 25.40 (→ did not advance, 54th place)

Men's 100 m Freestyle
 * Kwon Sang-won
 * Heat – 54.34 (→ did not advance, 55th place)
 * Song Kwang-sun
 * Heat – 54.63 (→ did not advance, 57th place)

Men's 200 m Freestyle
 * Kwon Sang-won
 * Heat – 1:56.88 (→ did not advance, 45th place)
 * Kwon Soon-kun
 * Heat – 1:58.95 (→ did not advance, 54th place)

Men's 400 m Freestyle
 * Yang Wook
 * Heat – 4:05.81 (→ did not advance, 39th place)
 * Kwon Soon-kun
 * Heat – 4:08.02 (→ did not advance, 42nd place)

Men's 1500 m Freestyle
 * Yang Wook
 * Heat – 16:21.10 (→ did not advance, 34th place)

Men's 100 m Backstroke
 * Park Dong-pil
 * Heat – 1:01.25 (→ did not advance, 40th place)

Men's 200 m Backstroke
 * Park Dong-pil
 * Heat – DSQ (→ did not advance, no ranking)

Men's 100 m Breaststroke
 * Yoon Joo-il
 * Heat – 1:04.68 (→ did not advance, 26th place)

Men's 200 m Breaststroke
 * Yoon Joo-il
 * Heat – 2:19.94 (→ did not advance, 22nd place)

Men's 100 m Butterfly
 * Park Yeong-cheol
 * Heat – 57.74 (→ did not advance, 38th place)

Men's 200 m Butterfly
 * Park Yeong-cheol
 * Heat – 2:08.57 (→ did not advance, 35th place)

Men's 200 m Individual Medley
 * Lee Jae-soo
 * Heat – 2:11.88 (→ did not advance, 35th place)

Men's 400 m Individual Medley
 * Lee Jae-soo
 * Heat – 4:40.46 (→ did not advance, 28th place)

Men's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay
 * Kwon Sang-won, Yang Wook, Song Kwang-sun, and Kwon Soon-kun
 * Heat – 3:38.05 (→ did not advance, 17th place)

Men's 4 × 200 m Freestyle Relay
 * Kwon Sang-won, Yang Wook, Song Kwang-sun, and Kwon Soon-kun
 * Heat – 7:52.93 (→ did not advance, 12th place)

Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay
 * Park Dong-pil, Yoon Joo-Il, Park Yeong-cheol, and Kwon Sang-won
 * Heat – 3:56.94 (→ did not advance, 21st place)

Women's 50 m Freestyle
 * Han Young-hee
 * Heat – 28.02 (→ did not advance, 34th place)
 * Park Joo-li
 * Heat – 28.20 (→ did not advance, 36th place)

Women's 100 m Freestyle
 * Kim Eun-jung
 * Heat – 1:00.39 (→ did not advance, 43rd place)
 * Han Young-hee
 * Heat – 1:01.72 (→ did not advance, 46th place)

Women's 200 m Freestyle
 * Kim Eun-jung
 * Heat – 2:10.85 (→ did not advance, 37th place)
 * Park Joo-li
 * Heat – 2:11.53 (→ did not advance, 39th place)

Women's 100 m Backstroke
 * Hong Ji-hee
 * Heat – 1:08.33 (→ did not advance, 30th place)

Women's 200 m Backstroke
 * Hong Ji-hee
 * Heat – 2:24.58 (→ did not advance, 26th place)

Women's 100 m Breaststroke
 * Park Sung-won
 * Heat – 1:12.32 (→ did not advance, 18th place)

Women's 200 m Breaststroke
 * Park Sung-won
 * Heat – 2:39.40 (→ did not advance, 29th place)

Women's 100 m Butterfly
 * Lee Hong-mi
 * Heat – 1:04.36 (→ did not advance, 26th place)
 * Kim Soo-jin
 * Heat – 1:06.14 (→ did not advance, 30th place)

Women's 200 m Butterfly
 * Kim Soo-jin
 * Heat – 2:19.00 (→ did not advance, 20th place)

Women's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay
 * Kim Eun-jung, Han Young-hee, Park Joo-li, and Lee Hong-mi
 * Heat – 4:03.18 (→ did not advance, 13th place)

Women's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay
 * Hong Ji-hee, Park Sung-won, Lee Hong-mi, and Han Young-hee
 * Heat – 4:28.90 (→ did not advance, 14th place)

Synchronized swimming
Three synchronized swimmers represented South Korea in 1988.

 * Women's solo
 * Ha Su-gyeong
 * Choi Jeong-yun
 * Kim Mi-jinsu

 * Women's duet
 * Ha Su-gyeong
 * Kim Mi-jinsu

Tennis
Men's Singles Competition
 * Kim Bong-soo
 * First round — Defeated George Kalovelonis (Greece) 7–5, 3–6, 6–2, 6–7, 6–3
 * Second round — Defeated Henri Leconte (France) 4–6, 7–5, 6–3, 3–6, 7–5
 * Third round — Lost to Martín Jaite (Argentina) 4–6, 1–6, 3–6
 * Yoo Jin-sun
 * First round — Lost to Amos Mansdorf (Israel) 2–6, 4–6, 5–7
 * Song Dong-wook
 * First round — Lost to Tim Mayotte (USA) 3–6, 3–6, 4–6

Women's Singles Competition
 * Lee Jeong-myung
 * First Round – Bye
 * Second Round – Lost to Catherine Suire (France) 5–7, 6–4, 5–7
 * Kim Il-soon
 * First Round – Defeated Etsuko Inoue (Japan) 6–3, 3–6, 7–5
 * Second Round – Defeated Helena Suková (Czechoslovakia) 6–2, 4–6, 6–2
 * Third Round – Lost to Larisa Neiland (Soviet Union) 3–6, 6–7

Men's team competition

 * Preliminary round (group A)
 * Lost to Sweden (2–3)
 * Defeated Brazil (3–2)
 * Lost to Soviet Union (0–3)
 * Lost to Bulgaria (0–3)
 * Lost to Italy (0–3)

 * Classification Matches
 * 9th/12th place: Lost to Japan (2–3)
 * 11th/12th place: Defeated Tunisia (3–0) → 11th place

 * Team roster
 * Choi Chon-sik
 * Lee Sang-yul
 * Chang Yun-chang
 * Han Jang-sok
 * Lee Seong-hui
 * Kim Eun-sok
 * Park Sam-yong
 * Lee Myung-hak
 * Kim Ho-chul
 * Lee Chae-on
 * Lee Jong-kyung
 * Jung Eu-tak

 * Head coach: Lee Kyu-so

Women's Team Competition

 * Preliminary round (group A)
 * Defeated East Germany (3–1)
 * Lost to Soviet Union (0–3)
 * Lost to Japan (1–3)

 * Classification Matches
 * 5th/8th place: Lost to Brazil (2–3)
 * 7th/8th place: Lost to United States (2–3) → 8th place

 * Team roster
 * Park Mi-hee
 * Kim Kyung-hee
 * Kim Kui-soon
 * Lim Hye-sook
 * Yoo Young-mi
 * Nam Soon-ok
 * Yoon Chung-hye
 * Park Bok-rye
 * Kim Yoon-hye
 * Sun Mi-sook
 * Moon Sun-hee
 * Ji Kyung-hee

 * Head coach: Hwang Sung-on

Men's team competition

 * Preliminary round (group A)
 * Lost to France (5–16)
 * Lost to Italy (1–11)
 * Lost to West Germany (2–18)
 * Lost to Soviet Union (4–17)
 * Lost to Australia (2–13)

 * Classification Round (Group E)
 * Lost to Greece (7–17)
 * Lost to China (7–14) → Twelfth place

 * Team roster
 * Lee Jung-suk
 * Chang Si-young
 * Kim Sung-eun
 * Yoo Seung-hoon
 * Kim Ki-choon
 * Kim Jae-yun
 * Choi Sun-young
 * Kim Kil-hwan
 * Kim Jin-tae
 * Song Seung-ho
 * Hong Soon-bo
 * Lee Taek-won
 * Park Sang-won

 * Head coach: Kim Jong-ku

title: South Korea at the 1988 Summer Olympics