text:
Sō clan

Sō clan (宗氏) were a Japanese clan claiming descent from Taira no Tomomori. The clan governed and held Tsushima Island from the 13th through the late 19th century, from the Kamakura period until the end of the Edo period and the Meiji Restoration.

In 1587, Toyotomi Hideyoshi confirmed the clan's possession of Tsushima. In the struggles which followed Hideyoshi's death, the clan sided with the Tokugawa; however, they did not participate in the decisive battles which preceded the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate. The descendants of tozama Sō Yoshitoshi (1568–1615) remained at Tsushima-Fuchū Domain (100,000 koku) in Tsushima Province until the abolition of the han system. The head of this clan line was ennobled as count in 1884.

History
Historians consider the Sō clan to have been an offshoot of the Koremune clan (惟宗氏), who served as local officials of Dazaifu and Tsushima Province. The earliest evidence of Sō clan cohesion arises in the 11th century. The Koremune had their start as governors of Tsushima following an incident in 1246, when the Abiru clan, local district officials (zaichōkanjin) on Tsushima, rebelled against the Chinzei Bugyō and the Dazaifu government which governed all of Kyūshū and the surrounding regions on behalf of the Kamakura shogunate. Dazaifu ordered Koremune Shigehisa to stop the rebellion and to destroy the Abiru clan. He was rewarded for his victory with the post of Jito (local land steward), by the Shōni clan, shugo (governors) of Tsushima.

The Koremune extended its influence on Tsushima over the course of the Kamakura period, as the deputies of the Shōni. When the Mongols invaded Japan in 1274, clan head Sō Sukekuni fought against the invaders and died on Tsushima. The Sō clan fought for the Shōni clan and for the Ashikaga Northern Court during the Nanboku-chō period (1336–1392), and seized a portion of Chikuzen Province. Imagawa Ryōshun became Chinzei Tandai (head of the Dazaifu government) soon afterwards, and the Imagawa clan became shugo of Tsushima. When Imagawa Ryōshun was dismissed from his post in 1395, Sō Sumishige became shugo of Tsushima.

Though now holding the hereditary post of shugo of Tsushima, the clan remained vassals of the Shōni until the late 15th century. In the course of breaking away from the Shōni clan, the Sō clan started to claim that it originated with a grandson of Taira no Tomomori, Taira no Tomomune. The Sō clan moved its base from northern Kyūshū to Tsushima around 1408. Although it struggled to keep its territory in Chikuzen on Kyūshū, the clan was finally purged from that region by the Ōuchi clan in the mid-15th century.

From roughly the 1430s to the 1550s, the clan worked towards independence, its sights set on gaining true control of Tsushima, and on establishing friendly relations with Joseon Dynasty Korea. The first of these goals was attained through a reversal of fate in which the Shōni came to rely upon the Sō for military aid against the Ōuchi. Sō Sadamori and his younger brother Sō Morikuni helped to defeat the Ōuchi over ten times, and in doing so deepened their clan's relationship with the traders and merchants of Hakata, one of Kyūshū's major ports.

Being based on the mountainous island, the Sō clan heavily relied on trade with Korea. Fortunately, the Sō clan shared mutual interests with the Joseon Dynasty. In 1443, the Daimyō of Tsushima, Sō Sadamori proposed the Gyehae treaty. The number of trade ships from Tsushima to Korea was decided by this treaty, and the Sō clan monopolized the trade with Korea. The Sō were required to greatly reduce the number of pirate attacks on Korea, and in return would be granted a virtual monopoly on Japanese trade with their neighbors on the peninsula. This would later lead to the emergence of the Sō as one of the major clans in Japan, their wealth and power from trade more than making up for their small territory and submissive position vis-a-vis Korea.

Alongside the Shōni clan, whose hereditary clan heads now regularly operated under Sō clan guidance, the Sō fought the Ōuchi numerous times across the Sengoku period (1467–1600), and later the Mōri and Ōtomo clans as well; the clan lost and regained their territory in Chikuzen province on Kyūshū many times over the course of the period. In the end, the downfall of the Shōni, marked by Shōni Fuyuhisa's 1559 defeat at the hands of Ryūzōji Takanobu, brought an end to the Sō clan's territorial aspirations on Kyūshū.

Following a period of increased wakō predation, the Joseon-Japanese "Treaty of Tenbun" in 1547 (Tenbun 11)limited trading to the Joseon port of Pusan and also limited Sō clan commerce to 20 ships annually.

The Sō clan submitted itself to Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1587 and supplied troops for the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592-1598). Soon afterwards, however, the clan took it upon themselves to repair relations with Korea, sending a number of envoys under the guise of being official shogunal envoys. In doing this, the clan sought to improve their position with both the shogunate and Korea. There is evidence that they altered official documents from both to make themselves look better to the other

The Sō did not participate in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600.

The tozama Sō clan were allowed to continue to rule Tsushima. Tsushima and the area around Tashiro in Hizen Province were included in the clan's fief (han), rated as worth 100,000 koku for its diplomatic and economic importance, though its agricultural production was actually under 30,000 koku per year. After the clan managed to resume diplomatic relations with Korea, the Tokugawa shogunate entrusted it with diplomatic negotiations and trade with Joseon.

After the abolition of the han system in 1871, the last known head of the clan, Sō Shigemasa (Yoshiaki), was made Governor of Izuhara Prefecture (Tsushima, renamed).

Clan lords

 * 1) Sō Shigehisa (重尚)(1245–1262) - fought against the Abiru/Ahiru clan (阿比留在庁) and became Governor of Tsushima
 * 2) Sō Sukekuni (助國) (1262–1274) - fought Mongolian invasion force and died in 1274
 * 3) Sō Moriakira (盛明) (1274–1302)
 * 4) Sō Morikuni (盛國) (1302–1349)
 * 5) Sō Tsuneshige(經茂) (1349–1366)
 * 6) Sō Sumishige (澄茂) (1366–1370)
 * 7) Sō Yorishige (頼茂) (1370–1402)
 * 8) Sō Sadashige (貞茂) (1402–1419)

 * 1) Sō Sadamori (貞盛) (1419–1452) - fought the Korean army led by Yi Jong Mu during the Oei Invasion and entered into relations with the Joseon Dynasty
 * 2) Sō Shigemoto (成職) (1452–1468) - granted "Governor of Tsushima" title by the Joseon Court in 1461.
 * 3) Sō Sadakuni (貞國) (1468–1492)
 * 4) Sō Kimori (材盛) (1492–1505)

 * 1) Sō Yoshimori (義盛) (1505–1520) - The Sō Clan supported a Japanese traders' uprising, against Joseon's policies, known as "Three-Ports incident".
 * 2) Sō Morinaga (盛長) (1520–1526)
 * 3) Sō Masamori (将盛) (1526–1539)
 * 4) Sō Haruyasu (晴康) (1539–1553)
 * 5) Sō Yoshishige (義調) (1553–1566)
 * 6) Sō Shigehisa (茂尚) (1566–1569)
 * 7) Sō Yoshizumi (義純) (1569–1579)
 * 8) So Terukage (昭景)(1579–1589) - he submitted himself to Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1587.
 * 9) So Yoshishige (義調) (1589–1592)
 * 10) Sō Yoshitoshi (義智) (1592–1615) - he was a daimyō under the commander of Konishi Yukinaga during the Imjin War (1592–1598).
 * 11) Sō Yoshinari (義成) (1615–1657)
 * 12) Sō Yoshizane (義真) (1657–1692)
 * 13) Sō Yoshitsugu (義倫) (1692–1694)
 * 14) Sō Yoshimichi (義方) (1694–1718)
 * 15) Sō Yoshinobu (義誠) (1718–1730)
 * 16) Sō Michihiro (方熙) (1730–1732)
 * 17) Sō Yoshiyuki (義如) (1732–1752)
 * 18) Sō Yoshishige (義蕃) (1752–1762)
 * 19) Sō Yoshinaga (義暢) (1762–1778)
 * 20) Sō Yoshikatsu (義功) (1778–1785)
 * 21) Sō Yoshikatsu (義功) (1785–1812)
 * 22) Sō Yoshitada (義質) (1812–1838)
 * 23) Sō Yoshiaya (義章) (1838–1842)
 * 24) Sō Yoshinori (義和) (1842–1862)
 * 25) Sō Yoshiaki (義達) (1862–1872)
 * 26) Sō Shigemochi (重望) (1872–1923) - First count of Tsushima.
 * 27) Sō Takeyuki (武志) (1923–1985) - Adopted from the Kuroda clan; he was married to Deokhye, Princess of Korea, from 1931 to 1953
 * 28) Sō Tatsuhito (立人) - current titular head, son of Takeyuki and his second wife Yoshie Katsumura

title: Sō clan


text: Category:Cuban musical instruments

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Cuban musical instruments


text:
User:Tagishsimon/Gallery - April - August 2004

Galleries

 * Gallery 1 - Waifs & strays, various dates.
 * Gallery 2 - Wandering around London, 24th April 2004.
 * Gallery 3 - Wandering around England. Trains, stations, buildings &c., April - August 2004.
 * Gallery 4 - Images from Cassell's History of England
 * Gallery 5 - Project Gutenberg illustrations
 * Gallery 6 - Project Gutenberg illustrations 2
 * Gallery 7 - Project Gutenberg illustrations 3
 * Gallery 8 - Project Gutenberg illustrations 4
 * Gallery 9 - Project Gutenberg illustrations 5
 * Gallery 10 - Project Gutenberg illustrations 6
 * Gallery 11 - Project Gutenberg illustrations 7
 * Gallery 12 - Project Gutenberg illustrations 8
 * Gallery 13 - Project Gutenberg illustrations 9
 * Gallery 14 - Project Gutenberg illustrations 10
 * Gallery 15 - Project Gutenberg illustrations 11
 * Gallery 16 - Project Gutenberg illustrations 12
 * Gallery 17 - Project Gutenberg illustrations 13
 * Gallery 18 - Project Gutenberg illustrations 14
 * Gallery 19 - Project Gutenberg illustrations 15
 * Gallery 20 - Project Gutenberg illustrations 16
 * Gallery 21 - Project Gutenberg illustrations 17
 * Gallery 22 - Wandering around England II - 2005
 * Gallery 23 - 2006-7 photos
 * Gallery 24 - Illustrations from Google books
 * Gallery 25 - Illustrations from Microsoft Books Live Search

Dark snaps from & of trains, Tuesday April 27th 2004
Work day. Clapham Junction - Chertsey - East Croydon - Clapham Junction. Dark & rainy evening, not much luck; many dark & blurry snaps.

 * History Psion Organiser
 * [[Image:Psion Organiser II - 270404.jpg|thumbnail|none|Psion Organiser II Model CM]]

 * History English, Welsh and Scottish Railway
 * [[Image:Class 60 railway locomotive - EWS in Transrail livery - Clapham Junction railway station - England - 280404.jpg|thumbnail|none|A Class 60 railway locomotive owned by EWS but in the Transrail livery, at Clapham Junction railway station, England, April 2004.]]

 * History Level crossing
 * [[Image:Level_crossing_-_Chertsey_-_England_-_270404.jpg|thumbnail|none|Level crossing at Chertsey, England, as the barriers rise]]

 * History East Croydon railway station
 * [[Image:East Croydon Railway Station - England - Station Frontage - Evening - 270404.jpg|thumbnail|none|Station frontage, evening]]
 * [[Image:Tramlink East Croydon.jpg|thumbnail|none|Tramlink tram interchange outside the station]]
 * [[Image:East Croydon Railway Station - England - Electronic Information Board in the Concourse - 270404.jpg|thumbnail|none|Electronic information board in the concourse]]
 * [[Image:East Croydon Railway Station - England - View of Platforms - Evening - 270404.jpg|thumbnail|none|View of platforms, evening]]
 * [[Image:East Croydon Station - England - Thameslink train exits south - Evening - 270404.jpg|thumbnail|none|Thameslink train exits the station, heading south]]

 * History Thameslink
 * [[Image:Class 319 DC Unit - Thameslink livery - East Croydon railway station - England - 270404.jpg|thumbnail|none|Thameslink Class 319 DC Unit, East Croydon railway station, April 2004]]

Steam locomotive, Wednesday April 28th 2004
I came across some sort of steam locomotive Cathedral City excursion thingie ... old green rolling stock being pulled by a Class 47 loco, waiting at the station for a slot on the Waterloo line. Out of sight, being pulled, was 73096, a 4-6-0 engine. Imagine my surprise, &c.

 * History Locomotive
 * [[Image:Steam locomotive - 73096 - at Virginia Water station - 280404.jpg|thumbnail|none|[[British Railways]] standard class 5 73096, a 4-6-0 steam loco at Virginia Water station, England, April 2004.]]

 * History Freightliner (UK)
 * [[Image:Class 66 railway locomotive - Freightliner livery - Virginia Water station - England - 280404.jpg|thumbnail|none|A Class 66 railway locomotive in Freightliner livery at Virginia Water station, England, April 2004.]]

 * History Rail transport in the United Kingdom
 * [[Image:Class_47_railway_locomotive_-_Fragonset_Black_livery_-_Virginia_Water_railway_station_-_280404.jpg|thumbnail|none|Class 47 railway locomotive, hired from Fragonset Railways, Victoria Water railway station, April 2004 ]]

 * History South West Trains
 * [[Image:Class 458 railway DC Unit - South West Trains livery - Virginia Water station - England - 280404.jpg|thumbnail|none|South West Trains Class 458 railway DC Unit, Virginia Water station, April 2004]]

More trains, May 1st 2004

 * History Liverpool Street station
 * [[Image:Liverpool Street station exterior night.jpg|thumb|none|Liverpool Street station]]
 * [[Image:Liverpool Street station concourse.jpg|thumb|none|Part of the station concourse]]
 * [[Image:Liverpool Street station GNER class 90 loco.jpg|thumb|none|Liverpool Street station roof, with an ex-[[GNER]] Class 90 locomotive in the foreground]]
 * [[Image:Liverpool Street station Platform Extensions.jpg|thumb|none|Modern platform extensions at Liverpool Street station]]
 * [[Image:Liverpool Street station curtain wall.jpg|thumb|none|An atmospheric curtain wall at Liverpool Street station]]

Central London by bike, afternoon, May 2nd 2004

 * History - Battersea Power Station
 * [[Image:Battersea Powerstation - Across Thames - London - 020504.jpg|thumb|none|Battersea Power Station viewed from the north bank of the River Thames at Pimlico]]

 * History - National Audit Office
 * [[Image:National Audit Office - NAO Logo - Victoria - London - 020504.jpg|thumb|none|The National Audit Office building, built originally as the Imperial Airways Empire Terminal. The statue, "Speed Wings over the World" is by Eric Broadbent"]]

 * History - Imperial Airways
 * [[Image:National Audit Office - Victoria - London - 020504.jpg|thumb|none|The Imperial Airways Empire Terminal, Victoria, London. Trains ran from here to flying boats in Southampton, and to Croydon Airport]]
 * [[Image:Speed Wingows Over the World - Eric Broadbent - London.jpg|thumb|none|"Speed Wingos Over the World", statue on a portal above the Empire Terminals main entrance; by Eric Broadbent]]

 * History - Christopher Columbus
 * [[Image:Christopher Columbus - Bronze - Belgrave Square - London.jpg|thumb|none|Columbus sits amonst the flowers and trees of Belgrave Square, London]]

 * History - Speaker's Corner
 * [[Image:Speakers_Corner.jpg|thumbnail|none|Speaker's Corner on a Sunday in April, 2004]]

 * History - BT Tower
 * [[Image:BT Tower - from base - London - 020504.jpg|thumbnail|none|The tower seen from its base]]

 * History - University College Hospital
 * [[Image:University College Hospital - New Building - London - 020504.jpg|thumbnail|none|The new University College Hospital building]]

 * History Robert Stephenson
 * [[Image:Robert Stephenson - Statue - Euston Railway Station - London - 020504.jpg|thumbnail|none|Statue of Robert Stephenson at Euston Station, London]]

 * History British Library
 * [[Image:British Library - Kings Cross - London - England - 020504.jpg|thumbnail|none|British Library main building, London]]

 * History Kings Cross railway station
 * [[Image:Kings Cross Platform 9,75.jpg|thumbnail|none|Platform 9 3/4 at Kings Cross Station]]

 * History Isambard Kingdom Brunel
 * [[Image:Isambard Kingdom Brunel - Bronze - Temple - London.jpg|thumb|none|IKB in bronze overlooking the River Thames at Temple, London.]]

Central London by bike, afternoon of the 31st May, and foot, afternoon of the 1st June 2004.

 * History - South Kensington tube station
 * [[Image:South_Kensington_station.jpg|none|thumb|South Kensington station entrance]]
 * [[Image:South_Kensington_station_building.jpg|none|thumb|South Kensington station building]]

 * History - George VI of the United Kingdom
 * [[Image:George VI - Statue - Carlton House Terrace - London - 310504.jpg|none|thumb|Bronze of George VI at Carlton House Terrace, London]]

 * History - Little Ben
 * [[Image:Little Ben - Victoria Street - Westminster - London - 010604.jpg|none|thumb|Little Ben, Victoria Street, London]]

Brighton, Newcastle, & Northumberland

 * History Alnwick
 * [[Image:Alnwick and Alnwick Castle - Northumberland - 140804.jpg|thumbnail|none|The town of Alnwick, nestling behind [[Alnwick Castle]]]]

 * History Alnwick Castle
 * [[Image:Alnwick Castle - Northumberland - 140804.jpg|thumbnail|none|Alnwick Castle, from the east, across the Pastures and the [[River Aln]]]]

 * History Brighton railway station
 * [[Image:Brighton railway station - Sussex - England - 140804.jpg|thumbnail|none|Brighton station concourse]]

 * History Chimney
 * [[Image:Chimney stacks - Newcastle-Upon-Tyne - England - 140804.jpg|thumbnail|none|Chimney stacks on a [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] building]]

 * History Nelson Memorial, Swarland
 * [[Image:Nelson Memorial - Swarland - Northumberland - England - 140804.jpg|thumbnail|none|Davison's obelisk celebrating [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson]], at Swarland]]

 * [[Image:Nelson Memorial - Inscription - Swarland - Northumberland - England - 140804.jpg|thumbnail|none|The main inscription on the obelisk]]

 * History Morpeth railway station
 * [[Image:Morpeth railway station.jpg|thumbnail|none|Morpeth railway station buildings]]

 * History Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey
 * [[Image:Charles Grey - 2nd Earl Grey - atop the Grey Momument - Newcastle upon Tyne - England - 140804.jpg|thumbnail|none|Earl Grey atop the Grey's Monument, looking down Grey Street in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]]]]

 * History Sandal (footwear)
 * [[Image:Sandals - Traquair House - 30072004.jpg|thumbnail|none|Modern fabric and rubber sandals - ideal for camping]]

 * History Brighton
 * [[Image:Grand Hotel - Brighton - 02082004.jpg|thumbnail|none|The Grand Hotel, on Brighton seafront in 2004, restored after the IRA bomb]]

 * History Telephone booth
 * [[Image:Telephone box - Morpeth Station - 05082004.jpg|thumbnail|none|A contemporary [[British Telecom]] phone box outside Morpeth station in Northumberland]]

 * History Newcastle upon Tyne
 * [[Image:Grey's Momument and Momument station - Newcastle upon Tyne - England - 130804.jpg|thumbnail|none|[[Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey|Grey]]'s Monument, above the Monument Tyne and Wear Metro station]]

 * History Current Royal Navy ships
 * [[Image:HMS Example (P165) - at HMS Calliope - Gateshead - 14082004.jpg|thumbnail|none|[[HMS Example (P165)]] on the River Tyne at HMS Calliope, Gateshead]]
 * [[Image:HMS Archer (P264) and HMS Example (P165) - at HMS Calliope - Gateshead - 14082004.jpg|thumbnail|none|[[HMS Archer (P264)]] and HMS Example (P165) on the River Tyne at HMS Calliope, Gateshead]]

 * Lindisfarne
 * [[Image:Lindisfarne Northumberland.jpg|thumbnail|none|Lindisfarne]]


text:
Oxford Student Publications Limited

Oxford Student Publications Limited (OSPL) is an independent student publishing house in Oxford that publishes the Cherwell student newspaper, The Isis student magazine, The Oxford Scientist, formerly Bang Science Magazine, PHASER, Keep Off the Grass freshers' magazine and Industry fashion magazine.

The company is wholly independent and is run entirely by students of the University of Oxford. In 1961, OSPL was established as a holding company for Cherwell newspaper and acquired the Isis brand in the late 1990s. The business is a private company limited by guarantee and registered at Companies House.

OSPL's income comes from subscriptions and advertising; the company receives no subsidy from Oxford University. All profits are put back into media production and into ensuring the long-term well-being of the company. Very few major student newspapers operate in this fashion and the continued success and financial viability of OSPL pays testament to its ability to attract the most capable Oxford students as journalists and managers.

Notable alumni
Notable journalistic/editorial contributors to Cherwell newspaper and Isis magazine are listed elsewhere. Notable alumni once involved in OSPL's business activities include:

 * Lord Heseltine, Haymarket chairman and Conservative peer;
 * Rupert Murdoch, chairman and CEO of News Corporation;
 * John Redwood, former Conservative leadership contender
 * Katie Ghose, Chairman of OSPL in 1990 and Chief Executive of the Electoral Reform Society.
 * Felicity Cloake, freelance food journalist, Guardian columnist and author of several cookbooks.

title: Oxford Student Publications Limited


text:
Category:Home computer software

This category has to do with software for home computers, encompassing specific software products as well as related concepts.

title: Category:Home computer software


text:
Template talk:Wikinews

Suggested change
For example it could say: "To view news related to this article from our sister project, WikiNews, please see: [insert name of topic here]"
 * Could we change this so it could be tagged to a wider variety of topics.

I think this would put the template to much better use.

 * For usage of the template, please see Sister projects. --Leopard 18:41, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

instead of -- 82.159.136.235
 * A great number of pages that uses the old template version, could use directly the new version . See Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:Wikinews . I.e. Canada could use
 * I agree. And there are a lot of other examples that wrongly uses instead of simply  --WikiRider 5 July 2005 06:08 (UTC)
 * is the correct way to use this. Stop trying to confuse things and stop trying to change the way this is implemented. -- Netoholic @ 5 July 2005 08:01 (UTC)

re:Colored, non-standardized version of Template:Wikinews
Quit the revert war without discussion. I'll ask that this template be protected if the revert war doesn't stop.

As my subject line suggests, I don't like the colored version, and am reverting it. If you want to explain why the colored version is better, do that on the talk page and try to reach a consensus between editors. Blank Verse  ∅  22:20, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I propose this design:

It's not mine, someone created it on Live 8, but I like it. It's more colouful and eye-catching. Seeing as it's designed to drive traffic to Wikinews, eye-catching is good. Dan100 (Talk) 22:36, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * I do not like having a Sister Project template that is formatted differently from the other Sister Project templates. With that said, it might be an idea to create a new template (template:CurrentNews?) that could be placed on a Wikipedia article any time there is some current event reported at WikiNews that related to the article. If such a template was created, I would suggest that it only be placed on a Wikipedia article for a limited period of time (four to five days?). Blank Verse   ∅  05:36, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I do not support creation of an extra template. Use Current and Wikinews in pairing and leave it be. -- Netoholic @ 06:10, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Good idea, Blankverse, thank you. Dan100 (Talk) 06:35, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * BTW though, re looking different to other sister project templates - is Wikimedia a beauty contest, or a series of projects aiming to provide people with information? I wonder sometimes... Dan100 (Talk) 06:36, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * re:Beauty contest: Among other things, usability involves good design. Having a consistent, easily recognizable, easily usable set of similar templates for the different Sister Projects helps facilitate their usefulness. Imagine if each one of the eight Sister Projects had a template that was a different shape, and different color, and used different positioning for the graphics, and used very different wording for each template. Compare that to the current set of Sister Templates. I don't wonder at all.... Blank Verse   ∅  08:24, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

usability involves good design - oh absolutely. However I just don't think you right in this particular instance. If each project had a different-looking template I don't think that would harm their usability at all. From my point of view, the project templates are intended to drive traffic to the various other Wikimedia projects - and having different individual templates would help that. Dan100 (Talk) 14:34, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

New template suggestion
This template is currently used in a number of places to link to specific Wikinews articles rather than categories or general articles. The wording of the current template is not really conducive to this, as it implies that the Wikinews article is "related" to the Wikipedia article rather than about a specific point in the Wikipedia article, and, most importantly, does not name the date of the Wikinews story which I think is rather essential when linking to old articles.

I propose to create a new template, something like "Wikinews article", which takes two parameters, the article title and the article date, and to help migrate template usage in this area. Are there any objections? --Fastfission 23:01, 4 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't really think its necessary, but if you feel like it I've got no objections. Bawolff 21:44, 13 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I think that it is unnecessary, too. This template should include the date.  Indeed, for convenience and consistency this template should take the same parameters, with the same names, as n:Template:Wikinews on Wikinews does. Uncle G 22:53, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

strange behavior in lists
If put in an un-ordered list it acts strangly. *

Bawolff 04:13, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Table-based templates such as don't work in bulleted lists and generate a Multiline table in list lint error. Do not use this template in a bulleted list. —Anomalocaris (talk) 11:02, 18 December 2017 (UTC)

Proposing yet another version of this template
Hi,

When trying to use this template, I noted that the search function of WikiNews is totally out of date. As such, this template is completely useless: e.g. if I wanted to insert into article Pluto, the link would return nothing (or old articles with the word Pluto). Instead, is used much more, because of course that DOES work, but if future news is published on Pluto, articles had to be listed again and again in the template on article Pluto.

I propose a radical solution: we use Google instead of our own search function. It's up to date and this is the most important thing for news. This can be undone if our searchtool is up to date again.

I'm proposing Template:WNGoogle. I don't have the skills to make it work both for keywords and specific titles, I suggest it to be used only for keywords.

Please comment. --Steven Fruitsmaak (Reply) 14:25, 28 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Hmm, when was the last time this was actually used for searching? I personnally think that this template should only be used for actual articles. (Search is okay as a last measure if this gets left behind and the article deleted, but I don't think it should be planned on using). Bawolff 19:33, 28 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Ok, that last sentence might not have made sense. To clarify: I don't think this template should be used unless its linking to an actual Wikinews article. Search is okay, in case the article name is misspelled or something, but I don't think it should be used unless linking to a specific article. Bawolff 04:04, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Then why does it say: "Wikinews has news related to"? That should change then, to something like "Wikinews has a news article related to : TITLE OF ARTICLE". Even then, for some subjects that are often discussed or have many news articles, it might be more interesting to use the search function (e.g. JonBenet Ramsey). Also, in the long run WN might develop multiple articles on uncommon topics, another argument in favour of a "Search"-type template (on top of it's obvious advantages in articles on common topics like George Bush, politics,...).
 * I think there are two options:
 * Two separate templates: a frequently used one linking to a specific article, and a less frequently used one like WNGoogle.
 * But even better (IMO), something along the lines of "Wikinews has news related to : ARTICLE TITLE" (if you get what I'm trying to say here). This would combine both functions (searching and referring to a specific recent article) in the current template.
 * Bawolff, do you think this template should not often be used in general? Because I can imagine that it could be added to tons of articles on wikipedia if it doesn't refer to a specific current event, and that you would be uncomfortable with that idea?
 * --Steven Fruitsmaak (Reply) 13:53, 29 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I personally don't like the search thing. I geuss if we have over 4 articles its okay, but otherwise I think we should just list them. Also template:wikinewscat/template:wikinewsportal would be idea in my opinion on articles with lots of one subject. Also to make your life easier in designing these things, are you aware of the prefix. normal link foo, much easier to type. Bawolff 10:57, 9 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Don't know if this was discussed, but two word names don't work. --  Zanimum 19:05, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

I've tried to use WNGoogle on an article, and realised that it was just not a good idea: Google lists talk pages, user pages, and isn't up-to-date by the minute either. So I've proposed WNGoogle for deletion. What I will do is change Template:Wikinews to use the magic word, because now the intro just doesn't make sense.

However, the problems remain: it would be nice to have a link to all on some key topics, like Mahmoud Amhedinajad, Iran, Bush, obesity, ... WNGoogle wasn't the right solution, I think there needs to be a solution on the WikiNews side. Maybe we could create more specific categories? Or use more infoboxes.--Steven Fruitsmaak (Reply) 11:30, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Mmm,... I'm stuck. Article Iran says: "Wikinews has news related to Iran", and that's good. However, Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad says "Wikinews has news related to: Hardliner wins Iran presidential runoff". That's not right, I think. That needs fixing by a template wizz, I guess.--Steven Fruitsmaak (Reply) 11:39, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

SVG Image
I think the image should be changed to SVG. Cristan 12:45, 14 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree, so I've added editprotected. The picture that I think the template should switch to is Image:WikiNews-Logo.svg. Picaroon 20:16, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Done. --Ligulem 23:54, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

Spacing
editprotected

Please make a minor change to this template to allow for more flexible spacing. The lines:

should be combined to form:

This will remove the automatically added line break, fixing spacing issues on pages such as Emergency contraception. —Remember the dot (talk) 04:15, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

 * done. CMummert · talk 04:57, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks! —Remember the dot (talk) 17:32, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

Logo
editprotected Please use Image:Wikinews-logo.svg instead of Image:WikiNews-Logo.svg. – rotemliss – Talk 17:30, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

 * done. CMummert · talk 01:30, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

Wording
The current template says Wikinews has news related to:
 * Headline_of_the_news

That's a weird wording. What's on the headline is the news, not related to the news. Rather, shouldn't it be as follows? Wikinews has news related to Article_name_in_pedia at:
 * Headline_of_the_news

--朝彦 (Asahiko) 08:27, 28 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I had exactly the same thought and indeed fixed it before coming here and seeing your comment! Dan100 (Talk) 10:44, 17 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I wasn't able to pull my self to actual editing since I'm not a native english speaker. Your "Wikinews has related news" is better than what I was trying to do. Thanks for fixing! Cheers. --朝彦 (Asahiko) 11:04, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

Clickable image
Please make it so when the Wikinews logo is clicked, instead of going to the image description page, it goes to the corresponding Wikinews page.-- penubag  (talk) 07:24, 11 November 2008 (UTC)
 * [[Image:Yes check.svg|20px]] Done — { { Nihiltres | talk | log } } 23:30, 11 November 2008 (UTC)

Formating problems
The article MV Sirius Star has formating problems that disappear when this template is removed. If you remove from the article, the text in the highjacking section doesn't have a big gap. Is there a way to fix this? Thanks. Ann arbor street (talk) 06:30, 18 November 2008 (UTC)
 * The problem was fixed by removing the template from the article, but it would be interesting to figure out what is causing the problem. The  template did not cause the problem (as verified via preview experiments).  Ann arbor street (talk) 16:26, 18 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Well, the article is moving face. For purposes of fixing the template, the version of the article that had the problem is here.  Ann arbor street (talk) 18:49, 18 November 2008 (UTC)

Outdated news
`'Míkka>t 17:04, 26 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Suggestion: add the date parameter and write a 'bot which purges the news older than, say 6 months.
 * Rationales:
 * After half a year the news are no longer news. With time some articles became littered with real old news.
 * Basing on general "wikipedia is not" (not a linkfarm, not a collection of indiscriminate info, etc.), WP:UNDUE, and Verifiablity rules, if there was any notable info in the news, it must be added into the article, with direct references to firsthand reliable sources. As you know, since wikinews is a wiki, it fails WP:RS.
 * I suspect that in some cases the "wikinews" link became a vehicle of promotion of a certain person, by inserting the "wikinews" link in all marginally related wikipedia articles.
 * I oppose this idea (keep in mind I'm primarily a wikinewsie, so i'm biased) as: News may be mostly related to whats current, but its also interesting to read past news. For an article on 2008-2009 financial recession, I think links to articles that appeared at the time are useful to the reader. However I'll give you a point on marginally related articles. For most marginally related articles (for example, say big articles, like Canada), the template is automatically updated by the user:Wikinews Importer Bot. As with all templates and things, if its not actually related it shouldn't be on the article (If I link a wikinews article on the economy from Disney, unless the wn article is specificly about disney, it shouldn't be linked from there). However, I would consider automatic removal of wikinews templates to be a bad idea. Even though I am primarily a wikinewsie, I have in the past come across wikipedia articles with links to wikinews articles I've never read before, and found those links to be very helpful. Bawolff (talk) 03:01, 24 January 2009 (UTC)

Problem when embedded in a bullet list
This template was used in this version of the Willamette Week article between two items in a bullet list, and (this is key) without a line break between the template and the end of the first bullet item. That use produced an unintended result, i.e. the box around the item was missing and the text within the box was not floated along the right side. After some experimentation it was easy to work around this problem, but it would be better if either the template were fixed to not exhibit this layout behavior (sorry, I can't be more specific) or if this limitation could be documented at Template:Sister/doc. This issue may be years old, since its similar to the one mentioned here on this talk page in 2006 in the following example:

The following text

produces this output:

*

Thanks in advance. 68.167.254.158 (talk) 02:44, 2 March 2009 (UTC)
 * I think you are right in saying that the sister template needs to be modified to correct this. There is nothing which can be done to this template to fix the issue. I suggest opening a discussion at Template talk:Sister or WT:Wikimedia sister projects and describing the problem. Hopefully someone there will have an idea of how best to fix it. Martinmsgj 08:51, 2 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Should not be used in a bulleted list, so a wontfix I would say. Rich Farmbrough, 20:30, 4 November 2009 (UTC).

but see {[Tl|Wikinews-inline}} which is deliberately boxless.

 * Rich Farmbrough, 04:38, 5 November 2009 (UTC).

 * Table-based templates such as don't work in bulleted lists and generate a Multiline table in list lint error. Do not use this template in a bulleted list. —Anomalocaris (talk) 11:02, 18 December 2017 (UTC)

Table in /doc
The table that shows if you view the doc file separately is not showing up properly when transcluded. I don't know how to fix this though. Calebrw (talk) 23:59, 15 April 2009 (UTC)

Why is this template being used at all
I don't understand why this template is being used in Wikipedia. The rules for wikinews differs from Wikipedia. The only reference I could find to its use, points to WP:SPS suggesting that it is sometimes "self-published" material and not necessarily verifiable. Why would we want to promote another wiki site? Hopefully, not because it has "wiki-" in front of it! :) Student7 (talk) 21:11, 21 November 2009 (UTC)
 * "I don't understand why this template is being used in Wikipedia."
 * Because Wikinews, like Wikpedia, is part of the overall Wikimedia family. You need to read and understand Wikimedia sister projects before continuing on this thread.
 * "The rules for wikinews differs from Wikipedia."
 * No and yes. Wikinews operates under many of the familar Wikipedia rules: NPOV, verifiability/sources, even 3RR. On the other hand, Wikinews differs from Wikipedia in a good way in that it has implemented the sighted review mechanism where articles must be subjected to independent review before they can be published. Before discussing the merits of Wikinews any further, it would be prudent to review at least the core Wikinews policies.
 * "The only reference I could find to its use, points to WP:SPS suggesting that it is sometimes "self-published" material and not necessarily verifiable."
 * The usage is supported by Wikimedia sister projects which you should read again. Links to other projects in the Wikimedia family are encouraged, including this template, which is a logical and practical extension of WP:LINK. Wikinews is in no way self-published due to its policies, review mechanisms, the nature of Wikimedia's ownership and the varied editors involved. Above all, the Wikinews template is not used for a source, it is an interwiki link, and perhaps the template doc could include a statement to make that distinction more obvious.
 * "Why would we want to promote another wiki site?"
 * Because it's not just "another wiki site", it's on the same team.
 * "Hopefully, not because it has "wiki-" in front of it! :)"
 * In case all the above wasn't clear, we're not talking about promoting someone's private and unrelated wiki/blog/POV-dispenser here. Dl2000 (talk) 01:09, 26 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Thank you. This answers all my original questions.

 * My "follow-on" is this: How to restrict the use of this to sanity. Once per article (like Wikicommons) isn't so bad. Nor do I object to a lot of Wiktionary references (though I might question why so many obscure words were being used). But how can this be limited in the case of an "in the news" article like (I haven't looked!) Obama, for example. Having an article plastered with these things seems a bit counterproductive and distracting IMO. And no, since this is the first instance I have ever encountered, I'm not accusing anyone of violating common sense. But give some people an inch.... :) Student7 (talk) 21:45, 29 November 2009 (UTC)

 * If the subject has more than one article, Wikinewshas would be used to consolidate these into one box. After numerous articles, a Wikinews category should be requested and created so that Wikinewscat can then be used. If there are multiple active Wikimedia links Sisterlinks is available e.g. as used in Barack Obama. Dl2000 (talk) 04:14, 30 November 2009 (UTC)

Left align?
Is there a way to make this template appear on the left side of an article, instead of the right? Cirt (talk) 14:31, 2 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Not currently. I would recomend modifying the template as follows:

Which would make the position parameter determine which side of the article the template falls on. Bawolff (talk) 19:14, 2 December 2009 (UTC)
 * ✅, thanks. Cirt (talk) 20:10, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

Where is the value added by WN links?
I'd like to discuss what value linking to Wikinews adds to Wikipedia articles – Is it just for the sake of driving traffic to a sister site as seems to be implied in the thread above, or is there any other reason? It seems that WN recycles news from the same sources we use here. The coverage of our articles, where there are similar WN topics, is more often than not wider and deeper than anything they can hope to achieve. So it's not as if they have access to better sources, or that their articles are better researched or better written. It really begs the question what value these WN links add... -- Ohconfucius ¡digame! 09:12, 28 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Good question. Actually, I think there's a basic issue WP needs to be wary of linking to WN pages. WN has almost no primary news-gathering capability (which is extremely expensive, of course). the entire effort is founded on re-writing Reuters and (mainly) Associated Press news articles that appear in subscribing publications lsuch as MSNBC and CNN. In the effort to use original wording and steer around accusations of plagiarism, errors are inevitable. This is because professional copywriters pay attention to language and boolean nuances to make perfectly factual statements when not all of the facts are available (this is not always the case, but is typical in professional journalism—one learns to deal with it as a primary journalist). Given this model, it's all too easy to think something is being implied when it is not.

 * I wonder why WP isn't externally linking to the original news sources, rather than rehashed versions from WN that are likely to present dangers in their tinkering with the wording. Tony   (talk)  09:20, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

 * I agree. It doesn't feel right to reference distilled and summarized sources (as is the case by using WN articles). We should be striving to skip the middle-man and use the same underlying sources as WN. WN represents one more (external) layer that is beyond the control of the average WP editor (i.e. a reference to a WN article could obtain a different meaning if the content of the WN article is: subsequently altered, being reworked, or vandalized). The content of reliable media sources is far less likely to change after publication, so we should strive to go direct to the established source. Finally, WN is less stringent on allowing OR and it is a pity to weaken the authority of WP articles (when a little more work in passing through the original references means that we don't have to). I would certainly support an RfC that discussed the removal of the WN template throughout WP. HWV258 . 04:54, 11 October 2010 (UTC)
 * One reason why we should not limit ourselves to, or rely on, the same sources as WN is that news evolves in light of new information. News articles often become stale or unreliable for that reason. Another reason is linkrot. We already have the problem, but with such a small editing team, WN cannot hope to keep updating its reference links to avoid this problem. -- Ohconfucius ¡digame! 05:08, 11 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Of course, I don't suggest limiting ourselves to only the same sources as WN; however we could use the same sources that WN did as a starting point in the construction of our own articles. My main point is that I believe referencing WN to be akin to taking the easy way out (as opposed to doing the reference work from scratch). HWV258 . 05:20, 11 October 2010 (UTC)

Wikinewslang
We need a version of this template that can link to wikinews in different languages, like Wikiquotelang and such. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| talk 18:39, 4 July 2011 (UTC)
 * I saw "new slang". Is there a reason for doing this? Tony   (talk)  09:51, 5 July 2011 (UTC)

 * It's bad enough having these WN templates on articles, due to the fact that our coverage is vastly superior to that of WN. Bearing in mind the questionable utility of the said links, and the fact that English language readers are unlikely to want to read foreign language news articles, I'd say it would be a waste of effort. -- Ohconfucius ¡digame! 09:57, 5 July 2011 (UTC)

Edit
Because Template:Wikinews/doc contains Wikinews interwikies and it is used in several similar templates, it screws other interwikies such as Template:Wikinewspar2. Like par2 template, we should move interwikies from doc to template article. --kwan-in (talk) 17:25, 11 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Added a parser function that will do the same job. — G FOLEY   F OUR!  — 23:13, 11 July 2011 (UTC)

Multiple articles should have a bulleted list
Where multiple Wikinews articles are linked to, the list of articles should be a bulleted one. For example at Jennifer Hudson it is difficult to tell at a glance how many articles are linked, nor where the break between headlines is. Note: This comment relates to template:Wikinewspar2 but this talkpage appears to be more watched. Thryduulf (talk) 12:23, 1 September 2012 (UTC)

Bad functionality
The functionality that lets one link to a Wikinews search page is very bad form. It encourages inclusion of links where nothing relevant exists at Wikinews, and, due to relatively short search strings, is likely to give highly irrelevant results. The functionality should be removed, or at least given a category that notes an almost-certainly-bad use of the template, so it can be reviewed and removed or replaced with a direct link. Linking to search pages is an explicit violation of WP:EL Adam Cuerden (talk) 20:15, 20 July 2013 (UTC)
 * ❌. I'm not sure what you're asking to get done here. Which template mode enables linking to search pages? Please fix the template in a /sandbox page and then renable the request. Thanks, Legoktm (talk) 02:06, 22 July 2013 (UTC)

Template:Wikinews/sandbox is the simplest change. Basically, the original template links to a search on Wikinews for the page name if parameter 1 isn't specified. This edit adds a category to pages using this, so we can evaluate if there is a problem, and offers the ability to suppress the category by adding.

Once it's possible to check the usages, we can make changes as necessary. There may be some cases where a dumb search works, but there's no way to know until we can actually see pages that use the functionality. Adam Cuerden (talk) 23:22, 10 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done. I fixed an #if statement that wasn't closed, and created the hidden category Category:Wikipedia pages with potentially bad Wikinews search links. Also, please remember to update the documentation, and to add any relevant subcategories that you can find to the category that I created. Thanks — Mr. Stradivarius  ♪ talk ♪ 04:49, 11 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Sorry to be a little slow about this: I was at Wikimania at the time. I'll review now. Adam Cuerden (talk) 15:21, 21 August 2013 (UTC)

Remove undocumented search function
The secret, undocumented search option gives really terrible results. I just reviewed all usage of this secret fuctionality (there were only 5 in article space), and couldn't find one that was remotely useful - it's just a base search, so, for example, Occupy wall street gave results that contain - in separate places in the article - the words "occupies" "walls" and "street". It's not useful, so I propose the template code be changed to the following, which gives a standard-format warning if used without a parameter. This should not affect any valid usage, and has been tested:

Edit page, then copy-paste

 * So sorry, I don't know enough to be able to tell if your edit improves this template. However, I do know that interwikis must now go to Wikidata and have amended the above comment accordingly.  Joys! –  Paine Ellsworth  C LIMAX ! 02:33, 7 May 2014 (UTC)
 * You should use  instead of the   tag. μc8 (talk) 06:45, 7 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Per WP:TESTCASES, please put your proposed version into the template's sandbox - easier to compare with the present version, and much easier to test before deployment. -- Red rose64 (talk) 07:09, 7 May 2014 (UTC)
 * done. This should only have the effect of removing an undocumented, and problematic functionality. It shouldn't change any other usage. Adam Cuerden (talk) 16:29, 7 May 2014 (UTC)
 * OK, I set up some testcases too, and Yes check.svg Done -- Red rose64 (talk) 19:27, 7 May 2014 (UTC)

Mark as historical/deprecated?
Wikinews as a project is essentially dead: output is slow and article quality is often poor. Clearly, it would not be considered a WP:RS by most standards. Should the use of this template, and linking to Wikinews articles, be discouraged? feminist (talk) 04:34, 4 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Three out of your four statements are false (though the other one out of four, "output is slow", is merely transitory and therefore deceptive). --Pi zero (talk) 17:16, 8 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Not that these points are necessarily relevant, since policy (to say nothing of community spirit) calls for sister projects to support each other. --Pi zero (talk) 17:26, 8 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Wikinews is listed as a generally unreliable source at WP:RSP. feminist (talk) 18:19, 10 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Not sure if you've seen it but this has happened. Galobtter (pingó mió) 18:23, 10 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I haven't seen it. feminist (talk) 18:35, 10 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Just to note, the politics of the Wikipedian community has never allowed it to acknowledge reliability of Wikinews. --Pi zero (talk) 04:49, 18 November 2018 (UTC)

Template-protected edit request on 13 July 2020
Please change subtemplate call blist to bulleted list to avoid following an unnecessary template redirect in this widely used template. Colonies Chris (talk) 09:06, 13 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done Thanks! Matt Fitzpatrick (talk) 10:16, 13 July 2020 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Wikinews


text:
Talk:Black Tom explosion

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 15 January 2019 and 21 May 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): MikeVinneyPauly, Jkklepper.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 15:53, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

to do
I'm putting this on my "to do" list. — Rickyrab | Talk 03:59, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I started to expand this story. I hope some others can contribute. - Tim Masterson, 11:10 PM, July 29, 2005.
 * Good work. BTW, I wonder if we might want to move this to simply "Black Tom Island", which, for what it's worth, gets just about the same number of google hits as "Black Tom explosion".--Pharos 05:55, 30 July 2005 (UTC)Google hits are not an idication of the visitors to this page as many come here directly from the Wikipedia article on the statue of liberty.Other come from other references and believe it or not Bing, Yahoo, meta-crawler also point to this article..75.17.210.153 (talk) 20:13, 4 July 2009 (UTC)Google This

 * I made a couple of minor edits. This article needs a lot of help. I moved a section speaking about the explosion into the actual explosion section. This required changing a pair of sentences slightly. I also filled out the complete date of the explosion, again.--Celtic hackr (talk) 19:26, 16 July 2020 (UTC)

Smudge Pots?
Two of the guards who had lit the smudge pots were immediately arrested. What does this mean? I know what a smudge pot is, but there is no mention of why they would be used. PrometheusX303 21:00, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Spies
The article contains no mention of flame. Lothar Witzke and Kurt Jahnke who according to this article were the oners who set the blast. Rmhermen 06:09, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

You're the bomb?
How does this compare to the Halifax Explosion? TREKphiler  hit me ♠  14:18, 24 January 2009 (UTC)

Magazine tag added
Added "magazine" tag to draw attention to blatantly non-encyclopedic narrative style ("Walk the harbor today and you'll find . . .", "My guidebook says that . . . " etc. etc.) --Smithfarm (talk) 13:27, 8 May 2009 (UTC)

 * I agree. Also, it was clearly not an "act of terrorism".  It was an act of war.JPBarrass (talk) 15:48, 8 May 2009 (UTC)

The "Bath School House Bombing" is clearly a worse act of terrorism.Sammyofish (talk) 07:23, 3 July 2009 (UTC)

TO DO LIST?
This article needs verification in so many places it should almost be started over. Bits and pieces have been cut-and-pasted followed by a total lack of many of the important facts that were in the article the information was taken from. It is clear the USA may have been free to sell ammunition to whomever they wanted but that has nothing to do with Freedom of the Seas no matter how you twist it. Please finish this article or find some who will remain committed to it.75.17.210.153 (talk) 20:21, 4 July 2009 (UTC)Abandoned Article Sniffer

In the section titled 'Act of Aggression' the bombing is characterized as a terrorist act, but since terrorism is usually defined as violent acts attempting to achieve political ends more by frightening the populace than by their practical impact, the term is misused here. This action was clearly ordinary military sabotage and not terrorism. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.241.211.163 (talk) 07:29, 1 September 2009 (UTC)

Short count
"one of the three covert attacks on mainland U.S." Somebody's (correctly) added the '20 Wall Street bomb, & then there's the '93 WTC bombing... Clearly not only 3. Anybody have a better number? TREKphiler  hit me ♠  02:50, 24 September 2009 (UTC)

 * I changed the phrase to "covert attack by another nation" and dropped the terrorist incidents. The number of of covert terrorist attacks (e.g.30 anarchist bombings in 1919) would be too difficult to count--and too ambiguous to define. --134.140.153.162 (talk) 15:27, 7 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Agreed. If it's sabotage (by definition, action by foreign power), it's not terrorism anyhow. QED.  TREKphiler   any time you're ready, Uhura  16:00, 7 December 2009 (UTC)

Effects of blast: shattering of windows
Warning: the following is OR and should not be inserted in the article. I noticed that accounts have windows being shattered all over lower Manhattan. Out of curiosity, I simulated a nuke attack via a nuke attack simulator (yeah, I know, Black Tom was conventional, oh well), and noticed that an explosion at Black Tom with overpressure sufficient to do that damage might have been somewhere in the 9 to 10 kt range, although the seismic waves thus caused might have contributed to the damage and atmospheric dynamics might have come into play. (Also, being a conventional munitions pile explosion, the shape of the blast/ fireball/ whatever it was would've been different from that of a nuclear weapon, affecting the damage area.) Depending on where relative to Black Tom the explosion was, the Statue of Liberty may have been pretty lucky that she didn't suffer worse damage. 192.12.88.7 (talk) 22:48, 4 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Huh. An interesting result, indeed. (Would you happen to know of one to compare Black Tom to Halifax and Port Chicago?) AFAIK, the blast effect is the same (hence rendering in "kilotons", i.e TNT-equivalent); it's the thermal pulse that differs.  TREKphiler   any time you're ready, Uhura  23:05, 4 February 2010 (UTC)

 * I've heard that the Black Tom explosion involved something like 900 tons of explosives - an 0.9 kt explosion would (assuming spherical explosion, level terrain, etc.) have shattered a lot of windows in the Bayonne/Jersey City area (0.25 psi) but not necessarily too many windows in NYC with overpressure alone. Thus the shattering may have been due to seismic waves, rather than overpressure. 192.12.88.7 (talk) 23:09, 4 February 2010 (UTC)
 * BTW, here's Halifax. 192.12.88.7 (talk) 23:18, 4 February 2010 (UTC)

The Black Tom explosion, being a nonnuclear explosion involving fire, numerous pieces of explosives, and a somewhat haphazard distribution, was not necessarily completely spherical in effect. (I suspect it looked something like the FOB Falcon incident of October 10, 2006, occurring at night and lighting up the sky with an orange glow - and involving a lot of "fireworks" and smaller explosions. Accounts have it that things were apparently exploding for several hours after the initial Black Tom blast.) 198.151.130.54 (talk) 23:50, 10 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Perhaps one of the closest things to a (real life) reenactment of Halifax that I could find on Youtube (so far) was Operation Sailor Hat, a 500 ton explosion (detonated deliberately) on the shore of Kahoolawe. There is a movie reconstruction of Halifax out there on Youtube as well, but that uses special effects and is a duplicate of copyrighted stuff (which is presumably used under fair use), so I won't link to that here. 198.151.130.54 (talk) 00:59, 11 March 2012 (UTC)

Woodrow Wilson
The investigation results (sabotage) were kept secret partly because Woodrow Wilson was running for re-election on a platform calling for America to stay out of the war, and the investigation results would have essentially brought them into it. This isn't mentioned anywhere in the article, though. Why? --98.232.176.109 (talk) 02:59, 21 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Despite what "History Detectives" says, this seems to be more the stuff of conspiracy theory than fact. The logic runs: "Wilson should have known, therefore he must have known." And: "It served Wilson's interests to keep it secret, therefore he kept it secret." Evidence is scant. "History Detectives" quotes author John Cooper saying: "they didn’t want to get into the war; it’s simply you want to keep it quiet. That’s why there is no official response to the Black Tom." No official response? Wilson gives it to the Interstate Commerce Commission to investigate -- nothing secret, it's widely reported.

 * Cooper also says the U.S. had good intelligence, which is questionable for this period. If there was a cover-up, too many people would have had to participate for us to be left with no contemporary evidence of it. Makes me want to have a closer look at what Cooper has actually written, rather than just his off-the-cuff remarks quoted by "History Detectives." Bmclaughlin9 (talk) 02:00, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

Franz von Papen
Denied his involvement well into the fifties and it is rather unproven only alleged--Tresckow (talk) 10:40, 2 June 2012 (UTC)

Found a related!
"suspicion at the time fell solely on German saboteurs such as Kurt Jahnke and his assistant Lothar Witzke" - Kurt Jahnke was the brother of my grandfather ... and I am very pleased to read about his heroic action!! Is there any more information about him? Just filling gaps in our family's history ... --77.6.97.163 (talk) 12:45, 21 December 2014 (UTC)

There is nothing specially heroic about setting bombs under cover of night and then sneaking off before they explode, sending several people to their deaths.

 * Nor about making obscene profits selling to one group of countries at war and then claiming that you are simply neutral.Historian932 (talk) 11:47, 19 October 2019 (UTC)

Jahnke later set up a detective bureau, and worked with Rudolph Hess after the Nazis took power. He was captured by the Soviets in April 1945 and shot.

Witzke was involved in the 1917 blowing up of the Navy base at San Francisco, Mare Island. He was arrested in early 1918, and sentenced to death. An unheroic attempt to kill himself was foiled. However, Germany lost the war shortly after, and his sentence was commuted to life.

He was released in 1923, as part of the trend to amnesty for all spies after the war. Also, it should be said, he showed some bravery by entering a prison boiler room after an explosion, witch affected the release.

He entered the Abwehr, and did not attract the attention of war crimes prosecutors in 1945. Unlike Jahnke, he was not active in serving the Nazi Party, and was approved to serve in the Hamburg Landtag until his death in 1952. 2A00:23C5:E097:5D00:D1BB:FAC9:6138:F8E4 (talk) 11:41, 30 April 2019 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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unsourced "Characters" section
I just removed this unsourced "Characters" section from the article. If anyone wants to add sources, have a go at it. epicgenius (talk) 01:47, 5 June 2019 (UTC)

There were 39 important men involved in the Black Tom Island explosion.

American Lawyers:

Robert Bonynge: He was the lead lawyer representing the U.S. government and American claimants. He came before the Mixed Claims Commission. Harold Martin: Was the State Department lawyer and U.S. representative to the Mixed Claims Commission. Was also the top aide to Robert Bonynge. John McCloy: Was one of the most influential and important people to be involved with the Black Tom Island Explosion. He gathered evidence that Germany blew up the island. He then showed this to the Mixed Claims Commission and got the case reopened. He was a lawyer for claimants in the sabotage cases. Was partner at Cravath, Henderson & de Gersdorff. If it was not for him, the guards would be still be in jail. Amos Peaslee: Was a lawyer for claimants in the sabotage cases. Was partner at Peaslee & Brigham. Henry Arnold: Was partner at Rumsey & Morgan; therefore a lawyer for claimants in sabotage cases.

The German Lawyers:

Karl von Lewinski: Was a German agent to the Mixed Claims Commission from August 1922 until the January of 1931. Wilhelm Tannenberg: Was Von Lewinski’s assistant. He took over in January 1931. Richard Paulig: Was a German agent to the Mixed Claims Commission. Started in May 1934 to October 1939.

The Mixed Claims Commission:

William H. Day: Was an umpire from August 1922 until May 1923. Edwin H. Parker: Was an umpire from May of 1923 until October 1929. Roland Boyden: Was an umpire starting in January 1930 up until October 1931. Owen J. Roberts: Was an umpire starting in March 1932 until October 1939. Chandler Anderson: Was an American commissioner from May 1923 until August 1936. Christopher Garnett: Was an American commissioner starting in September 1936 up until October 1939. Wilhelm Kiesselbach: Was a German commissioner from August 1922 until May 1934. Victor Huecking: Was a German commissioner from June 1934 until March 1939.

The Detonators:

Heinrich Albert: Was a German commercial attaché to the United States before World War I. Karl Boy-Ed: Was a German naval attaché to the United States before to World War I. Anton Dilger: Was an American doctor. He was trained in Germany and ran an anthrax lab in Chevy Chase, Maryland, before World War I. Raoul Gerdts: Was the assistant to Fred Herrmann. Fred Herrmann: Was an American citizen who became a German spy. Paul Hilken: Was a Baltimore-based paymaster for German spies. He stayed in the United States prior to World War I. Frederick Hinsch: Was a German merchant marine interned in Baltimore prior to World War I. Was Hilken’s top enforcer and agent. Wolf von Igel: Was the top aide to Franz von Papen. He took over as German military attaché in 1916. Kurt Jahnke: Was a German spy who was based in San Francisco. Paul Koenig: Was aide to Franz von Papen. Was also head of Germany’s War Intelligence Center in New York. Michael Kristoff: Was an Austrian immigrant but an U.S.-based German spy. Hans Marguerre: Was a staff member of Section III-B. This was in the German Foreign Office. Rudolf Nadolny: Was head of Section III-B in German Foreign Office. Franz von Papen: Was a German military attaché to the United States before World War I. Franz von Rintelen: Was extremely important. Was a German navy captain. He was sent to the United States to stop American shipments of munitions to the Allies. This was their main planned as he carried it out successfully. Walter Scheele: Was a German chemist in New Jersey. He created the “cigar” bomb. Adam Siegel: Was a German spy. He befriended Fred Herrmann. Lothar Witzke: Was a German spy based in San Francisco; protégé of Kurt Jahnke.

The Handwriting Experts:

Albert Osborn: Was hired by the Germans to authenticate the Herrmann message. Was extremely important. Eldridge Stein: Was hired by the Americans to authenticate the Herrmann message. The Investigator Thomas Tunney: He was the head of the New York City Police Department’s bomb squad. Reginald “Blinker” Hall: Was the head of Room 40. Room 40 was the British government’s secret group of code breakers.

The Witnesses:

Carl Ahrendt: The American aide to Frederick Hinsch and Paul Hilken. James Larkin: Was the German labor leader recruited by the Germans. They made him plant bombs in the United States just before World War I

"The United States did not have an established national intelligence service"
The article says "The United States did not have an established national intelligence service" in 1916. However the Office of Naval Intelligence and the Military Information Division (United States) had existed for several decades at this point. ☆ Bri (talk) 02:28, 30 July 2021 (UTC)

Difference in amount of TNT
Hi there,

first the load on Johnson Barge No. 17 is given with 100,000 pounds (converted to 45 tons of TNT), later on, the load is given with 50 tons of TNT. Small discrepancy, but nevertheless should be unified. ciao --Pentaclebreaker (talk) 18:37, 30 July 2021 (UTC)

Quote 12 does not actually have what is in the reference
Quote 12 is linked for a line about there having-been a 25$ fee being avoided ... *scoff* ... but the page on the .nj site does not contain anything about it -  page edited? is there an archive? a wayback machine version?

Also, perhaps you might also want to reference various nj flaunting-their-wealth content like Jersey shore, ... *starting-to-giggle* ... and that South Park episode with the nj re-occuring theme / plot, as a contrast example of whether or not .nj are or aren't all that generous/relaxed about money! :D *can't keep it in anymore bursts out laughing* 120.21.164.161 (talk) 01:02, 21 August 2022 (UTC)

Codebreaking
This linked paper from the US national archives gives an interesting sidelight on the effect of the Black Tom incident on German military and diplomatic codes. Thomas Peardew (talk) 19:08, 14 January 2023 (UTC)

United States plural?
The article says: "United States was neutral". Shouldn't it be "United States were neutral" instead? Nakonana (talk) 22:38, 18 May 2024 (UTC)

 * No. United States is the name of the country, so "United States was neutral" is correct, akin to "the country was neutral". ManlyMatt (talk) 16:04, 4 July 2024 (UTC)
 * I see. Thanks for the explanation :) I'm not a native English speaker that's why I thought it's probably best to ask here instead of just changing it. It still sounds a bit funny to me. That means it also applies to other countries such as "Philippines was neutral"? It would be plural in the other two languages I speak (both for the US as well as the Philippines). That's a bit confusing. Nakonana (talk) 19:32, 6 July 2024 (UTC)

Links to Clan Na Gael?
Outside of British Intelligence services and young anglophile U.S. politicians with ambitions for higher office claiming this link, and considering that it seems to be established that it was German saboteurs, is there any evidence for this? MyIP19216811 (talk) 23:47, 7 June 2024 (UTC)

Michael Kristoff
In the "Investigation" section, consecutive paragraphs identify Michael Kristoff as Slovak & Austrian ManlyMatt (talk) 16:01, 4 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Black Tom explosion


text:
Boon Island

Boon Island is a barren, rocky island in the Gulf of Maine 6 mi off the coast of York, Maine, United States. The island, which is approximately 300 ft by 700 ft at low tide, is the site of Boon Island Light, at 137 ft high, it is the tallest lighthouse in New England. Numerous vessels have been wrecked on its rocky shoreline. John Winthrop, the English Puritan lawyer and one of the leading figures in founding the Massachusetts Bay Colony, mentions passing Boon Island in the 1600s.

Boon Island Light
A wooden day beacon was erected in 1799 but lasted only five years. Fierce storms repeatedly scour Boon Island, which has an elevation of 14 ft above sea level at its highest point. Violent seas can heave boulders across its surface, demolishing structures. A stone day beacon was constructed. In 1811, a stone lighthouse was built which stood 32 feet above the water, then rebuilt in 1831 to stand 49 feet. But damage from the elements was relentless. Consequently, in 1854–1855 the tallest lighthouse in New England, Boon Island Light, was built — 133 feet (40 m) of massive granite blocks at a cost of US$25,000. It had a focal plane of 137 feet (42 m). Keepers willing to live in such a desolate place were few, arriving and departing in steady succession. Only one man seemed to thrive there; William C. Williams stayed 27 years and lived past the age of 90.

In 1978, two lightkeepers on the island had to retreat from a powerful winter storm. They took shelter in the light chamber while the seas and wind demolished all other structures on the island. The water rose five feet up the tower and dislodged a number of its segments. The next day, they were rescued by helicopter. The tower was repaired and automated, no longer requiring a resident keeper. It is now powered by solar power.

Increase (1682)
The wrecking of the coastal trading vessel, Increase, in the summer of 1682 is believed to be how the island derived its English name. Four survivors — three Europeans and one native American — subsisted on fish and gulls' eggs. After a month on the island, they built a fire to attract attention when they saw smoke rising from the summit of Mount Agamenticus in York. The people on Mount Agamenticus saw the smoke from the island and the castaways were soon rescued. Seeing their survival as a boon granted by God, the men are said to have dubbed it Boon Island.

However, Celia Thaxter, a 19th-century American writer of poetry and stories, described the ironically named Boon Island as "the forlornest place that can be imagined."

Nottingham Galley (1710)
More famous was the shipwreck on December 11, 1710, of the British merchant ship, Nottingham Galley, captained by John Deane. All fourteen crewmen aboard survived the initial wreck, however, two died from their injuries – the cook, who died a few days after the initial wreck, and a carpenter, who died two weeks after – and another two drowned attempting to reach the mainland on an improvised raft. The remaining ten crewmen managed to stay alive despite winter conditions with no food and no fire for twenty-four days, until finally rescued. They resorted to cannibalism, eating the carpenter after his death, which gave the incident a notoriety that it retains even today.

The story also features a conflict between the captain and members of his crew, primarily his first mate, Christopher Langman. Langman, backed by two of his crew mates, claimed that Deane turned the ship over to French privateers and then planned to wreck the ship for insurance money. When his crew learned of this, they mutinied and forced Deane to continue to Boston, resulting in its wreck on Boon Island. A vigorous public relations battle ensued in London the following summer between the captain and members of his unhappy crew, which also helped make the story famous in its day. The harrowing story was fictionalized by Kenneth Roberts in his 1956 novel Boon Island. The only non-fiction history of the event, "Boon Island: A True Story of Mutiny, Shipwreck and Cannibalism," by Andrew Vietze and Stephen Erickson, appeared in 2012. It is said that after the Nottingham Galley  disaster, local fishermen began leaving barrels of provisions on Boon Island in case of future wrecks.

Speaking of provisions for shipwrecked sailors, just eight miles southeast of Boon Island lie the Isles of Shoals. On Smuttynose Island, a cottage built in the 1950s by Rozamond Thaxter, great-granddaughter of the poet Celia Thaxter, is always open to "mariners in distress of weather". It contains a barrel of provisions for survivors of shipwrecks.

In 1995, Dr. Warren Riess, University of Maine, mounted an expedition to retrieve possible artifacts from the Nottingham Galley. He and his team were successful in the effort, and the items recovered can be viewed at the Maine State Museum.

Empire Knight (1944)
In February 1944, the Empire Knight, a 428-foot (130 m) British freighter, ran aground at Boon Island and later broke into two sections. The stern section, which included the ship's cargo holds, sank in approximately 260 feet (80 m) of water, one and one half miles (2–3 km) from the Island. In August 1990, the United States Coast Guard became aware of the existence of a plan of stowage dating from 1944 for the ship indicating that 221 flasks (7,620 kg) of mercury may have been loaded onto the vessel. Investigation revealed that such flasks had been placed on the ship but had since deteriorated, releasing the mercury. An estimated 16,000 pounds (7¼ t) of mercury remain unrecovered and it is believed to have settled in the low point of the cargo hold.

Ownership
In May 2000, the U.S. Coast Guard leased Boon Island Lighthouse to the American Lighthouse Foundation (ALF) for the restoration and preservation of the historic light.

In 2014 the lighthouse was sold to real estate developer Art Girard, who subsequently sold it in 2015 to Boon Island LLC.

title: Boon Island


text:
List of world flyweight boxing champions

This is a list of world flyweight boxing champions, as recognized by the four major sanctioning organizations in boxing:

 * The World Boxing Association (WBA), established in 1921 as the National Boxing Association (NBA). The WBA often recognize up to two world champions in a given weight class; Super champion and Regular champion.
 * The World Boxing Council (WBC), established in 1963.
 * The International Boxing Federation (IBF), established in 1983.
 * The World Boxing Organization (WBO), established in 1988.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Link's Quest for Ass

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 17:51, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Link's Quest for Ass

 * delete. For an internet thing, miserably small number of google hits, hence nonnotable. Mikkalai 04:01, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I suspect the user who posted this is a sockpuppet of User:SamuraiClinton.  User's very first post was a comment to SamuraiClinton's talk page.  This is precisely the type of article and subject matter that have gotten SamuraiClinton run up for an RfC. - Lucky 6.9 07:03, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 08:23, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, agree with all reasons given - Stoph 08:24, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Concur with Lucky. android↔talk 15:33, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. — flamingspinach | (talk) 23:34, 2005 Apr 17 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. -- The Anome 00:18, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable fancruft.   — J I P | Talk 06:48, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * delete, not sure what this is about but seems disruptive Yuckfoo 06:40, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unnotable sprite flash. Nestea 17:13, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:List of world flyweight boxing champions

Untitled
My apologies beforehand of any errors or inaccurate information. If anyone has any additional information or notices any errors please feel free to make the appropriate changes. 152.163.100.135 04:03, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)