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University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point

The University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point (UW–Stevens Point or UWSP) is a public university in Stevens Point, Wisconsin. Established in 1894, it is part of the University of Wisconsin System. UW-Stevens Point grants associate, baccalaureate, and master's degrees, as well as doctoral degrees in audiology, educational sustainability, and physical therapy. The 406 acres main campus includes the 280 acre Schmeeckle Reserve, 15 academic buildings, and 13 residence halls. UWSP also has two branch campuses located in Wausau and Marshfield.

UW-Stevens Point is organized into four colleges with more than 170 undergraduate programs in 80 majors and 90 minors and 18 graduate programs.

UW-Stevens Point has a long history of pioneering new educational fields. UWSP was one of the first schools in the US to educate young women in “domestic science” or home economics, the first university in the US to offer a major in environmental conservation, and the first in the world to offer wellness as a college degree program.

The UW-Stevens Point Pointers compete in 14 intercollegiate sports in NCAA Division III and have won 13 championships.

History
After securing land and funding from the City of Stevens Point and Portage County and winning the right to host the new normal school, Stevens Point Normal School opened on September 17, 1894, with 201 students. In addition to teacher preparation, "domestic science" (home economics) and conservation education were offered; the latter formed the basis for the College of Natural Resources.

In 1927, Stevens Point Normal School became Central State Teachers College and began offering four-year teaching degrees. When post-World War II enrollment became less centered on teacher training and more focused on liberal arts education, the Wisconsin State Legislature intervened, changing the school's name to Wisconsin State College–Stevens Point with the authority to grant bachelor's degrees in liberal arts.

In 1940, William C. Hansen began his 22-year tenure as the institution's longest-serving president. Ever larger numbers of students in the 1950s and 1960s led to construction on campus throughout the 1960s and early 1970s. It was during this period, in 1964, that the college was elevated to university status as Wisconsin State University–Stevens Point and began offering graduate degrees. Seven years later, the Wisconsin State Universities merged into the University of Wisconsin system, and the school adopted its current name. UW-Stevens Point has more than 77,000 alumni. More than half of these alumni live in Wisconsin. In 1968, UW-Stevens Point formed the Northwoods battalion, an ROTC unit for the United States Army.

Lee S. Dreyfus became chancellor in 1974 before becoming Wisconsin's 40th governor. Governor Dreyfus was inaugurated on the lawn in front of Old Main on the UW-Stevens Point campus in 1979.

In 2007, a sustainability task force was created to help achieve the future goal of a carbon neutral campus.

In 2009, Chancellor Linda Bunnell resigned after a student vote of no-confidence. The vote in part was called because of an automobile accident she failed to report and allegations of drunken driving.

The campus hosted the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League for their first training camp in 1995. It was part of what then was known as the Cheese League, a collection of teams that conducted training camp in Wisconsin. Since 1996, the Jaguars have conducted their training camp in Jacksonville.

Chancellors and Presidents of UWSP
List of UWSP's Chancellors and Presidents:

Academics
The University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point offers more than 170 undergraduate programs in 80 majors and 90 minors. These programs are housed within four colleges: The University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point also offers 18 graduate programs with 15 masters degrees, and 3 doctoral degrees.
 * College of Fine Arts and Communication, which includes opportunities in the visual and performing arts;
 * College of Letters and Science, which includes disciplines in the natural and social sciences, mathematics, computing and humanities;
 * College of Natural Resources, with disciplines such as forestry and wildlife ecology; and
 * College of Professional Studies, featuring business and economics, health-related fields and the School of Education

Rankings
In 2024 U.S. News & World Report ranked UW-Stevens Point 12th among regional universities in the Midwest.

Campus
The Main Campus of the university is in Stevens Point, Wisconsin, a block north of State Route 66 and southwest of Interstate 39/U.S. Route 51. It is a 406 acre campus with 43 buildings, including a 280 acre nature preserve and 25 acre lake.

The Greek community on campus consists of four sororities and four fraternities. All the Greek organizations meet and collaborate as one, known as the Inter-Greek Council. The sororities on campus are Delta Phi Epsilon, Gamma Phi Delta Sorority, Phi Omega, and Sigma Delta Rho. The fraternities on campus are Phi Sigma Phi, Sigma Tau Gamma, Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, and Theta Xi.

The 280-acre Schmeeckle Reserve, a nature reserve, is on campus and has 5 miles of trails and a 24-acre lake. It is managed by the College of Natural Resources.

Housed within the Chemistry Biology Building is a Tropical Conservatory which is home to 400 different species and cultivars from Central and South America, Africa, Asia and the Pacific islands.

UW-Stevens Point also has two additional campuses. UW-Stevens Point at Wausau and UW-Stevens Point at Marshfield. The UW-Stevens Point at Marshfield campus was formed in 1963 and is 114-acres in a quiet residential area. The UW-Stevens Point at Wausau campus was formed in 1933 and is located in an urban area.

Satellite locations
The university has three off-site field stations: Central Wisconsin Environmental Station (CWES) at Amherst Junction, Treehaven near Tomahawk, and the Northern Aquaculture Demonstration Facility at Bayfield. CWES is on 200 acres near Sunset Lake, 17 miles east of Stevens Point. Treehaven is between Tomahawk and Rhinelander, Wisconsin on 1,400 acres. The Northern Aquaculture Demonstration Facility is at 36445 State Highway 13, 1.5 miles west of Red Cliff on Highway 13, near Lake Superior.

Old Main
The iconic cupola atop the "Old Main" building is the current logo for the university. Built in 1894, it was the first building on campus. It was designed by Dwight H. Perkins of Perkins and Selby of Chicago in the Renaissance Revival Style, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It currently houses University Administration.

In 1901, a west wing was added to the building to house home economics, the Rural Education Department, and the Music Department. In 1914, an east wing was added to the building to relocate home economics.

Saving Old Main
In 1971, the University's Bureau of Facilities Management deemed Old Main as "obsolete", recommending its demolition. There were multiple efforts to save the building from demolition, including listing Old Main on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. In 1979 the University was awarded funds to modernize the interior and remove both the east and west wings, thus saving Old Main. A formal rededication was held in October of 1980.

Nelson Hall
Nelson Hall is the second oldest building on campus. Built in 1915 and designed by the Milwaukee firm of Henry Van Ryn and Gerrit de Gellecke, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Since it was built, the residence has housed women students, the Student Army Training Corps organizing for World War I, trainees for World War II and the ROTC. Nelson Hall remains as the oldest existing dormitory building of the former State Normal School system.

Nelson Hall is named for George B. Nelson who, at the time, was a regent of the State Normal School System. Nelson fought with legislators who were opposed to spending the $100,000 to build the hall.

Museums
The UW-Stevens Point campus is home to the Museum of Natural History. The earliest mention of a museum at UWSP goes back to the founding of the campus and the construction of the Normal School Old Main Building in 1894. Currently, the museum is divided into 10 areas of natural history: Anthropology, Botany, Entomology, Geology, Herpetology, Ichthyology, Mammalogy, Ornithology, Parasitology, and Paleontology. A Noteworthy specimen includes the only Wisconsin fossil of the extinct elk-moose (Cervalces scotii) found by a farmer in Bevent. In 2024, the museum was renamed the Olson Museum of Natural History in honor of Don and Judi Olson, an alumni couple who donated $450,000 to the museum.

Many of UW-Stevens Point's collections are among the most heavily utilized teaching and research collections in the state.

The campus also holds the Edna Carlsten Art Gallery which exhibits local, national, and international artists, hosts community events, and contributes to overseeing and maintaining a permanent collection of fine art and design works.

Native American history
The UW-Stevens Point campus was built atop a Native American burial site. Recently, historic research showed the campus encompasses what was at one point a Native American camp and burial ground of the Ho-Chunk, Menominee, Ojibwe and Potawatomi. In the 1860s, scarlet fever devastated a diverse group of Native Americans who were living outside of Stevens Point after being forced out of their ancestral homelands by settlement. The deceased were buried on this site. A mural was dedicated on May 5th, 2023 for a mural that memorializes Native Americans buried on campus and the annual Pow Wow.

Student life
UW-Stevens Point is home to 13 residence halls which are divided into 3 quads. The first quad established at the University was the Allen Quad, which consists of May Roach, Pray-Sims, Smith, and Hyer Halls, as well as the Suites@201. The Allen Fitness center is located on the Allen quad and originally served as the University's first dining hall. As one of the fitness centers on campus, it houses strength training and cardiovascular equipment. The Allen quad has two halls for upperclassmen: the Suites@201 and Hyer Hall. The Suites@201 is an apartment-style residence hall and Hyer Hall is available to students who are 21 years of age or older prior to the start of the fall semester.

North DeBot Quad consists of Burroughs, Knutzen, Thomson, and Watson Halls. South DeBot Quad consists of Baldwin, Hansen, Neale, and Steiner Halls. The North DeBot and South DeBot quads are divided by the DeBot Dining Center which serves as the main dining center on campus.

Radio station
WWSP-FM is the University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point's alternative radio station. Operating at 30,000 watts, WWSP broadcasts commercial free on 89.9FM 24/7/365. '90FM' is the largest student-run radio station in the Midwest and hosts the world's largest trivia contest, which was founded in 1969 and has since become a tradition for the university and the community.

Athletics
Student athletes in 14 sports at UW-Stevens Point participate in the NCAA Division III. The teams are members of the Wisconsin Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (WIAC).

Mascot
The mascot of UW-Stevens Point is Stevie Pointer. The first use of a "Pointer" mascot was on a student newspaper from 1916, with a side-profile view consistent with the current UW-Stevens Point athletics logo. "Stevie the Pointer" was first mentioned in a 1953 yearbook.

Notable alumni

 * Andrea Anders, television actress
 * Mark E. Anderson, U.S. National Guard Major General
 * Margaret Ashmun, teacher and writer
 * Jenny Baeseman, polar researcher
 * James Baumgart, politician
 * Kirk Baumgartner, football player
 * Tim Bedore, comedian
 * Kathi Bennett, women's head basketball coach
 * Bob Bostad, football coach
 * Carlos Castillo-Chavez, professor of mathematics and biology
 * Arthur J. Crowns, politician
 * Dorothy Davids, American educator, educational services administrator, and a Native American and women's rights activist
 * Steven E. Day, U.S. Coast Guard Rear Admiral
 * Jake Dickert, football coach
 * Michael Dombeck, former U.S. Forest Service Chief
 * Lawrence Eagleburger, former U.S. Secretary of State (attended)
 * R. Michael Ferrall, politician
 * J. P. Feyereisen, baseball player
 * Ted Fritsch, football player
 * Arnold Gesell, American psychologist
 * Herbert J. Grover, educator and politician
 * William C. Hansen, educator and politician
 * David Helbach, politician
 * Brian Idalski, Olympic ice hockey coach
 * Kathy Kinney, television actress
 * Dale Klapmeier, Cirrus Aircraft co-founder and former CEO
 * Greg Koch, guitarist
 * Anton C. Krembs, politician
 * Clint Kriewaldt, football player
 * Melvin Laird, former U.S. Secretary of Defense (attended)
 * Henry Leck, choral clinician and professor of music
 * John A. List, economist
 * Edwin A. Loberg, U.S. Air Force Officer
 * Max Maxfield, politician
 * Scott May, baseball player
 * Pete McCann, guitarist
 * Mark Michie, U.S. National Guard Brigadier General
 * Scott D. Berrier, U.S. Army Lieutenant General
 * Lewis T. Mittness, politician
 * H. J. Mortensen, politician
 * William Murat, politician
 * Michael P. Nelson, professor of environmental philosophy and ethics
 * John M. Noel, entrepreneur and philanthropist
 * Laura Osnes, actress
 * Jim Pekol, musician
 * Terry Porter, basketball player and coach
 * Ryan Ramczyk, football player
 * Bary Rose, football player
 * Patrick Rothfuss, author
 * Marlin D. Schneider, politician and teacher, longest serving member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, 1971-2011
 * Lolita Schneiders, politician
 * Donna J. Seidel, politician
 * Albert D. Shimek, politician
 * Brad Soderberg, men's head basketball coach
 * Mary Lou E. Van Dreel, politician
 * Daniel P. Vrakas, politician
 * Jordan Zimmermann, baseball player

Notable faculty

 * Dick Bennett (athletics department, 1976–1985) – head basketball coach; later coached at the University of Wisconsin and Washington State University
 * J. Baird Callicott (philosophy department, 1965–1994) – Distinguished Research Professor at the University of North Texas; co-founder of the academic environmental philosophy and ethics discipline
 * Louie Crew – English professor at Rutgers University
 * George Corneal – basketball, track and football coach
 * Lee Sherman Dreyfus (Chancellor, 1967–1978) became the 40th Governor of Wisconsin
 * Eddie Kotal – head football, basketball, track and field, and boxing coach; former NFL player
 * Michael P. Nelson (philosophy department, 1992–2004) – environmental philosophy and ethics professor at Oregon State University; co-founder and director of the Conservation Ethics Group
 * Helen Parkhurst (Director of the Department for the Training of Primary Teachers, 1913–1915) – Originator of the Dalton Plan. She is known as "one of only 100 great educators for all time," with her name being among Socrates and Maria Montessori.
 * Benjamin Percy – writer of short stories, essays, comics, and screenplays
 * Patrick Rothfuss – writer of epic fantasy; books include The Name of the Wind, which won the 2007 Quill Award, and its sequel, The Wise Man's Fear, which topped The New York Times Best Seller list

title: University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point


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Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Shanes

Shanes
final (37/3/0) ending 01:34 29 April 2005 (UTC)

Shanes has been around since November 2004, and has accumulated about 2700 edits. Many of those come from his dedicated patrol of the Recent Changes page, where he reverts vandalism on a regular basis. In spite of his mission to eradicate silly edits as soon as they appear, his userpage suggests that he is quite welcoming and sympathetic to newcomers who accidentally make goofy mistakes, as we all have done. I think Shanes would make a fine administrator, and a powerful but kind possessor of the mop and scrub bucket. It is also telling that, in spite of his many reversions of vandalism, his talk page isn't overflowing with angry comments. Joyous 01:37, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)

 * Candidate please indicate acceptance of the nomination here
 * I accept. Shanes 02:02, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Support
 * 1) Joyous 01:37, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, yes I'm very familiar with his RC work. He could certainly make use of that rollback button. — oo64eva (AJ) (U @  01:42, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Excellent choice for admin. I'm particularly impressed with his cool-headedness in dealing with vandals and trolls. Antandrus 01:48, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Support-JCarriker 02:11, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Support. SWAdair | Talk  02:51, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Support-gadfium 02:54, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Support with both hands. Thanks for dealing with vandals. Pavel Vozenilek 03:08, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Support. Apparently humble and mopworthy. --TenOfAllTrades | Talk 03:48, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Shanes has done excellent work dealing with vandals and trolls. But he does not have access to the admin Rollback feature that would help him even more. Zzyzx11 | Talk 04:08, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I also fear he won't be as effective if he cannot speedy delete articles. Zzyzx11 | Talk 04:11, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Support Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 08:51, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Support. jni 12:15, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Support. Rje 13:41, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Support: does good work that would be much-aided by admin abilities, and I look favorably on anyone who deals regularly with reverting vandalism and still believes in treating newcomers kindly and patiently. (OK, I approve of the Erdős number bit and the not waking up early, too, but that doesn't influence my decision here. :-)) Mindspillage (spill yours?) 15:53, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) M e r o v i n g i a n  (t) (c) 16:02, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Support.Sarge 17:53, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Support. ✏ Oven Fresh  ²  21:49, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Support. A good all-round contributor. Sjakkalle 09:10, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Support, not reason not to. --Bjarki 00:29, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) Support for reasons listed above. Firebug 07:22, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) dab (ᛏ) 18:30, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 12) Support.  JYolkowski // talk 23:17, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 13) Support I like your atitude and I respect the opinion of some of your supporters.  Good luck.  Tony the Marine
 * 14) My rare appearance in this page as Im usually working writing articles. 27 edits in a span of about eight hours says it all. Likes to be nice to newcomers, something that a lot of wikipedians werent to me three years ago, with the exceptionof a few like Mav. Loves to revert vandalism. With all that said Definite Support "Antonio He's got a Ticket to Ride Martin"
 * 15) Support. --Chammy Koala 14:53, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 16) Andre ( talk ) 20:01, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * 17) Support. Appears to be an editor who works well with others. Jonathunder 23:41, 2005 Apr 25 (UTC)
 * 18) Support. Great RC patrol work that could definitely benefit from rollback. And good use of edit summaries. — Knowledge Seeker দ 08:57, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 19) Support--Jondel 09:51, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 20) Cool. JuntungWu 11:58, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 21) Support. Diligent in vandalism control. -- M P er el ( talk 21:25, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * 22) Support Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  12:13, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * 23) Kbdank71 13:29, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 24) Support. Jayjg (talk)  17:22, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 25) Support. Kelly Martin 17:38, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * 26) Support. Adam Bishop 06:51, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 27) Support. PedanticallySpeaking 18:29, Apr 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * 28) Support. +sj +  01:55, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Oppose
 * 1) Oppose Does not meet my admin criterion, jguk 07:15, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose. No offense meant in this at all. i just feel that shanes needs more experience working in and with the community at large. i imagine i would support at a later date. Kingturtle 17:33, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Oppose. Doesn;t meet the admin criterion of Jguk's. THE KING 08:42, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Neutral

Comments
 * Shanes currently has 2719 total edits: 2177/76 to articles/talk, 29/222 to User/talk, 163/16 to Wikipedia/talk, 18/1 to Image/talk, 8 to Category, 6/1 to Template/talk, and 2 to Help. —Korath (Talk) 01:47, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A. I'll be continuing doing RC-Patrolling, and the Rollback-feature sounds like something that would make my job simpler. Deleteing obvious speedy-articles would also save me and other admins work, and the same goes for obvious uploaded prank or vandalism pictures (yeah, I know, I'll be carefull with that). My oppinion regarding blocking, is that some admins tend to use it too often, and I'll only use it as a very last resort myself. But there have been many times while doing RC-patrolling that I have missed having that option. So, yes, some blocking, too.

 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A. No. And I'm abit ashamed of that. I wish I had lots of FA to brag about, but I haven't yet. Maybe some day. I've ansvered that question now, right? If someone wants to know about articles I've contributed significantly to, I can list those (there are a few), but I'm not proud or anything about them. That's why I don't brag about them on my userpage...

 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and will deal with it in the future?
 * A. Except from receiving some anger from vandals, I've never been in any serious conflicts. The only time I've done 3 reverts (except vandalism stuff) over content-disputes is on the Asia Carrera article. But it was really nothing serious. Appart from that I've maybe been abit quick to revert on the Karl Rove article and maybe World War II and Jesus, but I think I can defend all my actions everywhere. I try to resolve conflicts the recomended way on talk-pages and by not being stressed up by any insults. Even insults are (believe it or not) usually made in good faith, and people are very different in how they perceive them both when giving and taking. I think it's both a human and culture thing.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Shanes


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Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc

Pierre Belain, sieur d'Esnambuc (1585–1636) was a French trader and adventurer in the Caribbean, who established the first permanent French colony, Saint-Pierre, on the island of Martinique in 1635.

Youth
Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc was the fifth child of Nicholas Belain, lord of Quenouville and of Esnambuc. He was baptized in the Saint-Quentin church in Allouville-Bellefosse, in Normandy, on March 9, 1585.

The domain of Quenouville suffered under the Wars of Religion which laid waste the Pays de Caux. Nicholas Belain had to borrow 2,400 books from the Duke of Cossé-Brissac which was swollen by interest. After his death in 1599, his children had to pay the debt. François, the eldest and heir of the domain of Quenouville, decided to sell the domain of Esnambuc. The other land was sold in 1610. Pierre Belain ought not therefore to have borne this title, which he nonetheless did during later years. In 1603, when he was 18 years old, he embarked as "mathelot" on "le petit Orqui".

Commerce and Freebooting
Belain, commanding a 14-gun brigantine with a crew of 40, practiced artisanal piracy. He also traded between Havre de Grace and the Caribbean, assisted in this by Jean Cavelet de Hertelay, a great shipowner of Havre and director of "the Romaine." With the purchase of the Marquisate of Graville, Hertelay became the agent of Richelieu, purchaser of several maritime domains.

Upon the Peace of Vervins, the French refused to recognize the right of the pope to award sovereignty of the ocean at will. A verbal clause stipulated that below the meridian of El Hierro, called the Line of Friendship, force would decide sovereignty and war could reign without affecting the peace between the nations in Europe. The Twelve Years' Truce signed in 1609 between the Netherlands and Spain, mediated by England and France, allowed the development of navigation to the Caribbean. Navigation being freed, Pierre Belain sought to affiliate himself with Urbain du Roissey, lord of Chardonville, to rebuild his fortune through navigating the ocean, the only risk being to encounter a Spanish ship. For 15 years, he traversed the seas with no great success.

In 1620, he was captain of the Marquise, and in 1623 he was helmsman of the Espérance. In 1623, a race against a Spanish Galleon backfired on the pirate, who found refuge on Saint Kitts where 400 British colonists had just arrived. The English and the French, weakened by their respective voyages, came to an agreement to share the little Caribbean island.

Colonization
In 1626 he returned to France, where he won the support of Cardinal Richelieu to establish French colonies in the region by convincing him of the opportunity for profitable cultivation of tobacco, sugar cane, achiote, and indigo. It would also be an opportunity to extend the influence of France and Christendom. Richelieu became a shareholder in the Compagnie de Saint-Christophe, created to accomplish all this with D'Esnambuc at its head.

In 1627, Esnambuc left Havre to set up on Saint Kitts, in which he had already been preceded by the Huguenots under François Levasseur. Since Saint Kitts had been shared with the English under the explorer Thomas Warner, the English occupied the central portion while the French took the two extremities. The conditions were very difficult for the French colonists who were poorly provisioned by the company. They survived through trade with the Dutch. In 1628 a French pirate ship seized two caravels containing 57 Moriscoes and Mulattoes whom they unloaded at Saint Kitts. This is the first known introduction of slavery in a French colony. Trade with foreign slave ships, though illegal, was tolerated by colonial authorities in the face of the rising demand for labor. In the beginning of 1529, the French colony on Saint Kitts was accounted 500 Frenchmen and 52 Blacks (of which 40 were men and 12 were women).

In September 1629 the Spanish destroyed the French establishments on Saint Kitts and the colonists fled to surrounding islands.

Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique
After the failure of the Compagnie de Saint-Christophe, Richelieu granted Belain the Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique, created February 12, 1635. The company tasked Jean du Plessis d'Ossonville and Charles Liénard de L'Olive with the colonization of Guadeloupe. Meanwhile, Esnambuc went ashore in Martinique with 150 French colonists from Saint Kitts, then founded the fort of Saint-Pierre on behalf of the French crown and the Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique. He left Jacques Dupont with command of the fort and regained Saint Kitts. He took possession of Dominica in November 1635 guided by a captain from Dieppe, Pierre Baillardel. Dupont, after having withstood an attack of Caribs, was taken prisoner by the Spanish during a voyage to check on Saint Kitts. Esnambuc subsequently named his nephew, Jacques Dyel du Parquet, as governor of Martinique in September 1636.

Having spent six months on Martinique, D'Esnambuc returned to Saint Christopher, where he soon died of illness, according to Jean-Baptiste Du Tertre.

Parquet inherited D'Esnambuc's authority over the French settlements in the Caribbean. He remained in Martinique and did not concern himself with the other islands. Open warfare led to the French expelling surviving Carib from St Christophe in 1644.

Legacy
Upon hearing of the death of Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc, Richelieu declared: "The king has lost one of his most valuable servants."

A statue of the adventurer was erected in the Place de la Savane in Fort-de-France in 1935, on the occasion of the tricentennial of his taking of Martinique on behalf of King Louis XIII. In the 1970s, the statue was moved to the southwest corner of the square. As a symbol of French colonialism, it is occasionally the object of graffiti, for example in October 2018 and February 2020. On July 26, 2020, the statue was toppled by anticolonial activists, decapitated, and struck by sledgehammers to the sound of drums and chanting.

There is a "rue Belain d'Esnambuc" in Havre.

A banana boat in the service of the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (acquired from Norway) bore his name from 1939 until 1942, when it was commandeered by the Kriegsmarine, repurposed as a minelayer, and rechristened "Pommern". It sank in the Mediterranean in 1943 after striking an Italian mine.

In 1935, for the three hundredth anniversary of the French Antilles, the French postal service released several postage stamps engraved with d'Esnambuc's image by Jules Piel. The 40 centime stamps were grey, the 50 centime stamps were vermillion, and the 1 franc 50 stamps were blue.

In 1946, the Caisse centrale de la France d'outre-mer issued a 50 franc bank note bearing an image of Belain d'Esnambuc.

A long road of his hometown in Allouville-Bellefosse, and the village hall at 20 rue Jacques Anquetil, facing the office of tourism, built in 1945 and completely renovated in 2017, bears his name.

A bas relief, a square about 3 feet on each side, sculpted in slate, has been affixed since 1985 (for the four hundredth anniversary of his birth) in the lower part of the southern wall of the belltower-porch—above the relief is a great clock—on the side of the rue du Doctor Patenotre, facing the Chêne chapelle in Allouville-Bellefosse.

For the Heritage Days of September 17 and 18 2016, the commune of Allouville-Bellefosse organized an exposition dedicated to the navigator in its church Saint-Quentin, as well as a conference on him given by Marie-José Mainot.

title: Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc


text:
Talk:Windmill

Wind Turbines vs Windmills
I don't think Wind turbines and windmills are the same thing at all. Windmills are clearly machines that use wind to mill e.g. grain. Wind turbines generate electricity (like a gas turbine or a steam turbine). In my view, the term 'windmill' is used disparagingly to create the perception that modern wind turbines are an archaic technology. Grandwilly (talk) 00:17, 10 September 2020 (UTC)Grandwilly

Inaccurate sources on the history of windmills
From the first section;

"It has been claimed that the Babylonian emperor Hammurabi planned to use wind power for his ambitious irrigation project in the seventeenth century BCE.[7]"

This is a pretty dubious historical claim. The reference is a scientific work on windmills, without a doubt, but the author being cited has no credentials in history. The references that the author gives is to other non-historical academic works. According to Pennsylvania State University, windmills originated in the 9th century AD, i.e. the middle of the Middle Ages. That makes the above sentence so dubious that it ought to be removed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wallingfordtoday (talk • contribs) 22:13, 31 December 2018 (UTC)

Nomination of Portal:Windmills for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether Portal:Windmills is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The page will be discussed at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Portal:Windmills until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the page during the discussion, including to improve the page to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the deletion notice from the top of the page. North America1000 10:32, 8 May 2019 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Windmill
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Windmill's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "ref1": From Panemone windmill:  From Renewable energy:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 13:43, 1 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Windmill


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Hungry, Hungry Homer

"Hungry, Hungry Homer" is the fifteenth episode of the twelfth season of the American television series The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 4, 2001. In the episode, Homer becomes a Good Samaritan after discovering the simple joys of helping people in need – which is put to the test when he goes on a hunger strike after the owner of the Springfield Isotopes baseball team attempts to discredit him when Homer stumbles on his plot to discreetly move the team to Albuquerque, New Mexico.

The episode was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Nancy Kruse, and guest starred Stacy Keach as Howard K. Duff VIII.

Since airing, it has received generally mixed reviews from television critics. The episode inspired the naming of the Albuquerque Isotopes minor-league baseball team, which began play in 2003.

Plot
The Simpson family visits Blockoland, a theme park similar to Legoland which is completely made of blocks. When Lisa finds a piece missing from an Eiffel Tower kit she has bought, Homer persuades the gift shop clerk to give it to her. Energized by the idea of "standing up for the little guy", Homer talks a girl Bart likes into going to a school dance with him, gets a beauty salon owner to put free highlights in Marge's hair, and finds a way for the salon to cut its expenses. He next tries to get Lenny a refund on his season tickets for the Springfield Isotopes baseball team (previously introduced in the season 2 episode "Dancin' Homer"), after they continue to lose games repeatedly since being taken over by Duff Beer. At the Isotopes' ballpark, Homer encounters team owner Howard K. Duff VIII, who refuses to grant a refund. As he leaves, Homer goes through the wrong door and discovers a room filled with merchandise for the "Albuquerque Isotopes" and realizes that Howard is planning to move the team. Howard denies the idea, then has Duffman drug Homer and dump him at the Simpsons' house to cover up the truth.

Homer attempts to warn the media of Howard's plan, but by the time he can lead reporters to the ballpark, Howard has removed all evidence of it. Homer is denounced a liar by the media and Howard embarrasses him further by showing footage of him with his pants on fire on television. In retaliation, Homer stages a hunger strike, chaining himself to a pole in the parking lot and refusing to leave or eat until Howard admits the truth. After Homer begins to attract public attention, the team secretly moves him into the ballpark one night and dubs him "Hungry, Hungry Homer" as a publicity stunt. They claim publicly that Homer will not eat until the Isotopes win the pennant, covering up his real message. As his health declines and he begins rapidly losing weight, he nearly gives in while seeing fans eat at the ballpark. However, a visit by the ghost of Cesar Chavez (who assumes the appearance of Cesar Romero, since Homer does not know what Chavez looks like) inspires him to stand his ground.

Thinking that Homer has gone insane and that his popularity is waning, Howard unchains him and offers him a hot dog in a public ceremony during an Isotopes game. As Homer is about to eat it, he realizes that it is loaded with Southwestern-style toppings and angrily denounces Howard. Inspecting their own hot dogs, the fans discover their wrappers marked with the "Albuquerque Isotopes" team name and realize that Homer was right from the start. The crowd boos Howard, and Duffman turns against him and throws him bodily off the field. Homer earns a round of cheers from the crowd and ends his hunger strike, eagerly devouring the food they throw to him. Watching the scenes on television, the mayor of Albuquerque abandons his plan to steal the Isotopes from Springfield and decides to turn his attention to purchasing the Dallas Cowboys, with the intent of forcing them to play baseball instead of football, declaring, "They'll play what I tell 'em to play, for I am the Mayor of Albuquerque!"

Production
The episode was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Nancy Kruse. The episode was originally pitched by Al Jean, possibly from his daughter, although it is not certain. The origin of the episode is that Mike Scully in season 8 pitched an episode where Homer gets a motorcycle; however, the town passes a helmet law that requires riders to wear a helmet, leading Homer to go on a hunger strike in protest. The writers shelved the idea of Homer having a motorcycle (though it would be used for the season 11 episode "Take My Wife, Sleaze"), but held on to Homer having a hunger strike until Al Jean pitched this episode. Another inspiration was that a team was moving to another city. Dan Castellaneta ad libbed the lyrics to Homer's "Dancing Away My Hunger Pains" song. The ending scene with the mayor announcing his plans to take over the Dallas Cowboys has been edited from all U.S. syndicated reruns, but has been seen on overseas syndicated reruns and the season 12 DVD set. The scene is also featured on Disney Plus.

Cultural references
The title of the episode is a reference to the Hasbro tabletop game Hungry Hungry Hippos.

Duffman turning against Howard K. Duff and throwing him over a fence is a reference to Darth Vader turning on Emperor Palpatine in the film Return of the Jedi (1983).

After being drugged, Homer wakes up lying on top of a dog house, similar to the way Snoopy lies on his dog house in the Peanuts comic strip. (Bart even says "Good Grief!" in another reference to the strip.) Later, when Homer returns to the Duff Stadium and finds the private room empty, a man plays "wah-wah" on a muted trumpet, again a reference to Peanuts.

When tied to the flagpole, Lisa gives Homer a book to read called My Core Beliefs by Mike Farrell. Homer flips through it and says "Man, he really hates Wayne Rogers." This is in reference to the named actors' characters on the TV show M*A*S*H, in which Farrell's character BJ Hunnicutt replaced Rogers' character Trapper John McIntyre.

Reception
In its original American broadcast, "Hungry, Hungry Homer" was viewed by an estimated 10.0156 million households and received a 9.8 rating/15 share Nielsen Rating making it into the top twenty.

Colin Jacobson of DVD Movie Guide gave the episode a mixed review writing "Though it has something of a rehashed feel – an impression that we’ve seen this episode before – 'Hungry' still manages to be fairly effective. Chock full of laughs? No, but the show has its moments. Or maybe I just like it because it's the origin of the word 'hungy', which I used for many years. I forgot I stole it from this episode!"

Judge Mac McEntire of DVD Verdict said of the episode that the best moment was pretty much any scene with Duffman.

Legacy
This episode inspired the name of the real-life Albuquerque Isotopes minor-league baseball team, which came to Albuquerque in 2003 after being known as the Calgary Cannons. A few days after the episode aired, Albuquerque Journal journalist Leanne Potts acknowledged how then Mayor Jim Baca was making similar efforts to move the Canadian baseball team to Albuquerque with a $28 million stadium offer, even stating "it seemed the "Simpsons" writers were commenting on politics in Albuquerque" and that the episode "wasn't a case of cartoons imitating life, but of life imitating cartoons." In tribute to the episode, statues of Homer, Marge, Bart and Lisa were placed in the Albuquerque Isotopes stadium.

This episode has also been credited for popularizing the word "meh", which later entered the Collins English Dictionary. The word is an interjection expressing boredom or indifference, and an adjective describing something boring or mediocre. The word, which has its root in Yiddish, is expressly spelled out in the episode:

 * Homer: Kids, how would you like to go to ... Blockoland!
 * Bart and Lisa: Meh.
 * Homer:	But the TV gave me the impression that --
 * Bart:	We said, "Meh!"
 * Lisa:	M-e-h, meh.

The word had been used on several previous occasions on the show, the first such usage being in the season six episode "Sideshow Bob Roberts" in 1994. In that episode, Lisa is given the town's voting record for the mayoral election; in response to her question that she "thought this was a secret ballot," the official responds "meh". John Swartzwelder, the writer of "Hungry, Hungry Homer" has stated that he "originally heard the word from an advertising writer named Howie Krakow back in 1970 or 1971 who insisted it was the funniest word in the world."

Homer's line "...I gave the guy directions, even though I didn't know the way. Because that's the kind of guy I am this week." is paraphrased by Patrick Stump in his band Fall Out Boy's 2005 single "Sugar, We're Goin' Down".

title: Hungry, Hungry Homer


text:
User talk:Bwargo90

Brad Argo; Oct 1, 2005
Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. --Mysidia (talk) 23:32, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Welcome
Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Postdlf 01:38, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Gamaliel 01:45, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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I reverted your addition to "Chevelle" ...
I reverted the change we made to "Chevelle" since Wikipedia tries not to advocate, but report. See WP:NPOV. A better way would be to find some quotes from respected music journalists or publications, and place those in the article (with appropriate references so people can look up the full articles). —Morven 07:40, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)

Edits to Baldwin brothers
Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Joyous (talk) 22:31, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Vanity
Some of the people, places or things you have written about in the article Brad Argo may not be sufficiently well-known to merit articles of their own. The Wikipedia community welcomes newcomers, and encourages them to become Wikipedians. By starting an account or logging in, each user is entitled to a user page in which they can describe themselves, and this article's content may be incorporated into that page. However, to merit inclusion in the encyclopedia proper, a subject must be notable. We encourage you to write or improve articles on notable subjects.

Also, we are not a web hosting service for your pictures so they have been deleted as well. If you are only here to vandalise and make a page about yourself, you may not want to be a part of this project. If you would rather help make an encyclopedia then you are welcome to return after your block. Thanks.  Sasquatch  t|c 23:35, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia.

title: User talk:Bwargo90


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Souli

Souli (Σούλι) is a municipality in Epirus, northwestern Greece. The seat of the municipality is the town of Paramythia.

Name and history
The origin of the name Souli is uncertain. In the earliest historical text about Souli, written by Christoforos Perraivos in 1803, an oral tradition of the locals is recorded. According to this, the first settlers of Souli were shepherds who came from a village called Gardiki trying to avoid the Ottoman oppression. A certain Muslim ("Turk" in the text) named Soulis attempted to expel the early Souliotes from there but the latter resisted with arms. In the battle they killed Soulis and since then the area was named Souli. However, Fourikis (1934) goes as far as proposing that Perraivos invented this explanation himself. The most commonly accepted theory in contemporary historiography, as suggested by Fourikis (1934), states that Souli derives from the Albanian term sul, which means "mountain peak", while it may also be interpreted as "watchpost, lookout, mountain summit".

The municipality owes its name to the villages of Souli that are located in the southern part of this region. Those villages were originally settled by the Souliotes, a warlike Orthodox community who sought refuge in the mountainous terrain from the Ottomans. Those villages in the early 19th century had a population of c. 12,000. After their expulsion, the population of the region was significantly reduced. In the 18th and 19th century, the citizens of Souli rebelled against the Ottoman rule. It was noted that in 1972 that there was still an Albanian minority in Souli.

Today, many Souliote villages, churches, and fortifications are left partially abandoned due to immigration to other countries, as well as moving to larger towns like Paramythia. Some examples of partly abandoned or sparsely populated villages are Koukoulii (sometimes referred to as Kouklious), Zotiko, and Tsaggario to a lesser extent. The Castle of Kiafia, constructed by Ali Pasha of the Ottoman Empire in order to hide his treasure and money, is completely abandoned and in ruin.

Municipality

The present municipality of Souli was formed in the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 3 former municipalities, which became municipal units:
 * Acherontas
 * Paramythia
 * Souli

The municipality has an area of 502.8 km2, and the municipal unit 93.2 km2.

Province
The province of Souli (Επαρχία Σουλίου) was one of the provinces of Thesprotia. It had the same territory as the present municipality. It was abolished in 2006.

title: Souli


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Tlachichilco

Tlachichilco is a small town in the Mexican state of Veracruz. It is located in the northern part of Veracruz, in the region known as Huasteca Baja. It is one of the 212 municipalities of Veracruz. Tlachichilco is made up of 32 small towns in which more than 10,000 people live.

title: Tlachichilco


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St Ignatius College, Enfield

St Ignatius College is a Catholic voluntary aided secondary school for boys aged 11–18 in Enfield, London, England, founded by the Society of Jesus in 1894 and completely moved to its present site by 1987. It was a grammar school until 1968, only accepting boys who had passed the Eleven plus exam. Former students include Alfred Hitchcock, George Martin, and Cardinal John Heenan.

History
The school was founded in Stamford Hill, South Tottenham, London, on 10 September 1894. The college and the Jesuit community were initially accommodated in two houses called Morecombe Lodge and Burleigh House, located on Tottenham High Road, next to St Ignatius Church, Stamford Hill. The school originally had only 46 boys, four Jesuits, and a dog in 1894. In 1907 the college was recognised by the Board of Education and began to receive public money towards its support.

In 1944, the college's preparatory department became its own private school run by the Jesuits, Loyola Preparatory School. In 1950, Loyola Preparatory School moved to a site in Buckhurst Hill in Essex that was formerly occupied by Braeside School. In 1962, The Campion School, a Jesuit secondary school, was opened in Hornchurch, making Loyola Preparatory School a feeder school for both the college and The Campion School. In 2001, trusteeship of Loyola Preparatory School was given to the Diocese of Brentwood.

From the early 1950s the school complement averaged about 700 boys. Its longest-serving Headmaster, Fr Guy Brinkworth SJ, retired in 1963. The school remained at Stamford Hill as a grammar school until 1968. The school then became a two-tier, seven-form entry comprehensive school, the lower school being located at the old Cardinal Allen School, which had been there for eight years prior to the school moving there, and the upper school located in Turkey Street, Enfield.

In 1987, the lower and upper schools amalgamated at Turkey Street, a development made possible by a major building programme, including an extension to the main building. The school became grant-maintained in 1993, but returned to Voluntary Aided status in September 1999. In 1998 the school started to build the Octagon which houses a computer suite, chapel and a library. The building work was completed in 2000 and was handed over to the school later that year. Also in 2000, Roselands, previously the residence for the Jesuits, was refurbished. It became the Roselands Centre, housing the Sixth Form. In 2023, school enrolment was 1,107.

Michael Blundell became the college's first lay Headmaster when he succeeded Fr Antony Forrester SJ, in 1986. Mr Blundell was, in turn, succeeded as Headmaster by Paul Adams, who retired in the summer of 2007, and was replaced by John-Paul Morrison, who left the post of headmaster in December 2013. Andrew Dickson took over the post on an interim basis until a replacement for John-Paul Morrison could be found. Kelly took over from Dickson in 2014 and retired from his role in 2016 and was succeeded by Mrs O'Keeffe, the first female headteacher of a Jesuit secondary school in the United Kingdom.

In 2019, the college was rated as "Good" by Ofsted. In 2023, the school was one of those identified as having buildings that could be structurally unsound because reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete had been used in their construction.

Spiritual development
The college aims to assist each individual pupil in his spiritual development. This spiritual development includes retreats as pupils progress through the school. The school motto Ad maiorem Dei gloriam – meaning "For the greater glory of God" – was abbreviated to AMDG and is still customarily appended to students' essays or homework.

There are opportunities for pupils regularly to take part in retreats, devised and directed according to their stage at the school, is an essential part of the Jesuit educational ideal. A retreat is a time when, away from their usual environments of home and school, the pupils can reflect on their lives and on their relationships with others and with God. Retreat days take place each year in the Pastoral Centre or outside of the college, for example in the St Cassian's Centre at Kintbury.

Houses
The school has forms that are named after seven Jesuit martyrs. The St Francis Xavier form was added as commemoration for the college's 125th Anniversary.

 * Garnet, after St Thomas Garnet, SJ (1575–1608)
 * Southwell, after St Robert Southwell, SJ (1560–1595)
 * Arrowsmith, after St Edmund Arrowsmith, SJ (1585–1628)
 * Campion, after St Edmund Campion, SJ (1540–1581)
 * Lewis, after St David Lewis, SJ (1616–1679)
 * Page, after Blessed Francis Page, SJ (15?? - 1602)
 * Xavier, after St Francis Xavier, SJ (1506 - 1552)

The Ignatian
The Ignatian, the college magazine, is published yearly and features a selection of highlights from the previous school year.

Yearbook
From 2006, there is a yearbook for the outgoing year 11, with an art pupil being asked to produce its front cover.

College newsletter
Every Half Term a newsletter, summarising the college's achievements for that half term, is published. It includes a list of merits attained for that half term.

CCF
The college has a contingent of the Combined Cadet Force centred at the CCF hut. The contingent has both an Army Section and a Royal Air Force (RAF) Section. Weekly Section training takes place on Mondays at the college. Cadets also get the chance to attend camps, Field Training Exercises (FTX), Adventurous Training (AT), and courses throughout the UK and occasionally abroad. Courses include flying, parachuting, signalling, catering, physical training instructor (PTI), schoolboy commando course, mountain leader training, and rock climbing.

Sports
Sports played at the college include: Football, Rugby union, Basketball, Tennis, Cross country running, Cricket, Swimming, and Cycling. The school regularly attends sporting tournaments. The under-11s won a mini-bus for the school at a tournament. The school recently signed a deal with Tottenham Hotspur to allow the use of Tottenham's playing fields.

Old Ignatian Association
Former pupils of the school are commonly referred to as Old Ignatians. The main objective of the Old Ignatian Association is to serve the interests of the former pupils of the college. They provide spiritual, social, recreational, and sporting facilities so that they may serve the interests of not only the Old Ignatians but also of current pupils.

In the early 1960s, they bought a sports ground and built a pavilion built on a site in Woodford. However, in the 1970s the site was compulsorily purchased for the construction of the M11.

In 1999, the Old Ignatians purchased a former sports ground in Turkey Street, Enfield, to build a social centre and to provide some new sporting facilities that were not available in the Woodford centre. In 2008, "The Loyola Ground" was opened and is used by the association as well as the school for sporting, social, and many other events.

Notable alumni

 * David Brading Historian
 * Peter Burke, historian
 * Bernard Butler, musician
 * Clavish, musician
 * Michael Coveney, theatre critic
 * Peter Doyle, former Roman Catholic Bishop of Northampton
 * Reginald Dunne, British-born WW1 soldier, later an Irish Republican Army volunteer.
 * Wojciech Giertych, Dominican theologian to the Papal Household
 * Brian Hanrahan, BBC Diplomatic Editor
 * John Cardinal Heenan, Archbishop of Westminster 1965-75.
 * Sir Alfred Hitchcock, film director
 * Brian Keaney, children's author
 * Jo Kuffour, footballer
 * Donal Logue, Canadian-born American actor, writer
 * Dermi Lusala, footballer for Coventry City
 * Sir George Martin, producer for The Beatles.
 * John Maybury, filmmaker
 * Paul McKenna, hypnotist
 * TJ Moncur, English footballer who plays for Cray Wanderers FC.
 * Kenny Morris, drummer in Siouxsie and the Banshees
 * Terence Patrick O'Sullivan, civil engineer
 * Edmund Purdom, British actor and producer.
 * Sarbel (born Sarbel Michael), Greek Cypriot musician
 * George Sewell, actor, Get Carter, Z-Cars, Canned Carrott
 * Dave Sexton, Manchester United F.C. manager (1977–1981)
 * Adrian Smith, guitarist with Iron Maiden
 * Gerard Woodward, Booker-shortlisted novelist and poet
 * Regé-Jean Page, Actor (Bridgerton)
 * Kevin Hyland OBE, First Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner, police officer & army Royal Military Police

title: St Ignatius College, Enfield


text:
Category:Local government in Tyne and Wear

Tyne and Wear is divided into five metropolitan boroughs.


text:
Kino Sports Complex

Kino Sports Complex is a multiple-use sports complex in Tucson, Arizona. The Arizona Diamondbacks and Chicago White Sox formerly utilized the complex's main ballpark, Kino Veterans Memorial Stadium, for Cactus League games each March and had their minor league complexes on-site. The ballpark was also home to the Tucson Sidewinders of the Pacific Coast League for the team's last decade in Tucson, running from the stadium's 1998 opening season to the 2008 season. The ballpark was a temporary home (2011–2013) to the Tucson Padres (formerly the Portland Beavers) of the Pacific Coast League during the team's relocation to El Paso, Texas. It is also the regular season home of the Pecos League's Tucson Saguaros baseball team since 2016. It seats 11,500 fans, and hosts concerts in addition to its primary function as a baseball park.

Kino Sports Complex is also used to host soccer matches. FC Tucson of USL League Two plays its home matches at the complex's North Stadium, its primary soccer stadium. The complex serves as the preseason home of Major League Soccer's New York Red Bulls and host of the Desert Diamond Cup preseason soccer tournament.

Spring training and AAA venue
Tucson Electric Park opened in 1998. Larger and more modern than central Tucson's Hi Corbett Field, it is situated 4 miles south of Hi Corbett, at the intersection of several major thoroughfares including I-10 and SR-86. TEP opened the same year that the Arizona Diamondbacks began operations in Phoenix, and the Tucson Toros moved from Hi Corbett to TEP, renamed themselves the Tucson Sidewinders, and became the Diamondbacks' AAA affiliate. Furthermore, the Diamondbacks themselves became a tenant of TEP for spring training, sharing the facility with the Chicago White Sox (who moved from their previous spring training facility in Sarasota, Florida). Across town, the Colorado Rockies continued to hold their spring training at Hi Corbett Field.

Mexican Rookie team
The unaffiliated Tucson Mexican All-Stars of the Arizona Rookie League played at the spring training complex across from the stadium from 1998 to 2000.

Departure of MLB spring training
The Chicago White Sox had an agreement to move to Glendale in a stadium that was completed in the 2009 season. However, the Sox' lease on TEP was to last through 2012. In order to leave TEP early, the Sox proposed a youth baseball academy backed by Major League Baseball surrounding TEP. On November 18, 2008, the Pima County Board of Supervisors agreed to the White Sox's revised offer of $5 million, thus allowing the team to move to Glendale in time for the 2009 season. Colorado Rockies, spring training occupant of Tucson's Hi Corbett Field, and the Arizona Diamondbacks, who were tenants at TEP and the Kino Sports Complex, indicated that they would both need Tucson to have three teams in order to continue playing there. Tucson was therefore abandoned as a spring training venue, and all Cactus League games now take place in the Phoenix metropolitan area. The Diamondbacks and Rockies share the new Salt River Fields at Talking Stick, which opened in 2011 near Scottsdale.

Departure of the Sidewinders
The Tucson Sidewinders also played their last season at TEP in 2008. The team moved to Reno, Nevada, renaming itself the Reno Aces and remaining the AAA affiliate of the Diamondbacks.

At the same time, the Reno Silver Sox of the independent Golden Baseball League, displaced by the arrival of the Aces, relocated to Tucson. Instead of using TEP, however, the new team located itself at the more historic Hi Corbett Field and retook the historic name of the Tucson Toros.

TEP was thus, for a time, without any Major League or minor league baseball tenant.

Name change
In 2010, after the end of the naming agreement with the local electric utility, Tucson Electric Power, the stadium was renamed after Eusebio Kino, the Jesuit missionary who first explored southern Arizona in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. The Pima County Board of Supervisors approved the name change (Kino Veterans Memorial Stadium) on January 18, 2011.

Tucson Padres
In 2011, the San Diego Padres Triple-A affiliate relocated from Portland, Oregon to Kino Veterans Memorial Stadium and renamed itself the Tucson Padres. They were formerly known as the Portland Beavers. Originally the San Diego Padres organization wanted to arrange for a stadium to be approved and constructed in Escondido, California, however that stadium plan later fell through when California eliminated their redevelopment agencies. The team departed Tucson for El Paso, Texas prior to the beginning of the 2014 season and assumed the name "El Paso Chihuahuas."

FC Tucson
Since 2012, FC Tucson has played its games at Kino Sports Complex's North Stadium. The club began its existence in the Premier Development League (now USL League Two), and in 2019 began play in the higher-level USL League One. In 2023, the team went back to USL League Two.

Pima Community College
The Pima Community College Aztecs football played its home games at Kino Veterans Memorial Stadium for several seasons. The team moved to the Kino Sports Complex North Stadium for the 2014 season until the school ended its football program completely in 2018.

World Baseball Classic
The qualifiers for the 2023 World Baseball Classic were held at Kino Veterans Memorial Stadium in September 2022.

title: Kino Sports Complex


text:
Sandgate Flyover

The Sandgate Flyover is a grade-separated railway flyover that carries the Main North Line across the Kooragang Island line, located in Sandgate, in the City of Newcastle local government area of New South Wales, Australia.

Description
Situated to the west of the Sandgate station, the overpass was built in 2006 by the Australian Rail Track Corporation to allow coal trains to access the Port of Kooragang without conflicting with services on the Main North Line. The previous at-grade junction required that approximately 120 coal trains per day had to cross from the coal lines over the main lines to reach the branch line to the port. The main lines also carried about 120 trains per day. At the time of its construction, it was estimated that the project, once completed, would increase bulk coal handling capacity of between 15 and 20 e6t per annum.

At the time of the construction of the flyover, the main lines were raised over the junction of the coal lines to the Kooragang branch, so that the conflict between trains was eliminated. The junction improved line speeds with the 25 km/h points replaced by ones that allowed trains to operate at 60 km/h. The flyover opened on 14 November 2006.

Adjacent to the flyover lies a siding used by Crawfords Freightlines.

title: Sandgate Flyover


text:
List of Iowa locations by per capita income

Iowa is the thirty-first richest state in the United States of America, with a per capita income of $19,674 (2000).

Iowa counties by per capita income
Note: Data is from the 2010 United States Census Data and the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.


text:
Talk:Stress fracture

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 5 September 2019 and 13 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Iveshm2648.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 10:18, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

note
This reads very much like a copyvio, but I can't locate a source online. Avocado 01:43, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)

The phrase "more than 110 tons of energy" echoes the deceptive phrase used by marketers of hikers' trekking poles. It should not be used here, copyvio or not, bcz energy cannot be measured in units of weight (unless you are doing total conversion of matter to energy ala Einstein.) --Jerzy (t) 19:21, 2005 Apr 29 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I "loved" that line too -- so much I left it in. lol For now it's a placemarker till I or anyone can find the real values for the stresses on leg bones, one of those mind-boggling numbers that makes you impressed to be a human being. If anyone out there beats me to it, even better. addesso 20:00, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I've cleaned up a bit
I've made a few additions and rearrangements. Could I suggest that the comment about '110 tons of energy' be refactored somehow? Simply make the point that the lower limb is weightbearing, and that sudden increases of workload increase the physical stresses on the bone. - Richardcavell 08:37, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I was looking at this topic because it's a possible diagnosis of my son's soccer injury. The 3rd para under Causes is "offensive to physics", and has been lingering in this form for years. I've changed it while trying to remain faithful to the intent. (First time contributor, no bio-medical background.) If someone comes along with a suitable background, feel free to re-introduce the "110 tons of force" factoid, preferably with a reference. --Neil Schipper (talk) 16:43, 28 May 2009 (UTC)

Cancelled Merger
I have cancelled merger of this article with March fracture. I again searched for material regarding stress fracture and march fracture. I found that Stress fracture is a broader term, and a March fracture is the stress fracture of metatarsal bones only. so I think both the articles can coexist in wikipedia. Ganesh Dhamodkar (Talk) 02:49, 27 December 2008 (UTC)

Investigations
"Investigations are not necessary to diagnose a stress fracture." I removed this sentence because it makes no sense at all. The Marriam-Webster on-line dictionary site defines "investigations" to mean "to try to find out the facts about (something... to try to get information about". So this sentence says it is not necessary to get information or facts from the patient to diagnose a stress fracture?!?! I don't think so. I am guessing that the word "investigations" has a technical meaning in medicine or (more likely) this was written by a non-native English speaker, because the word would not be plural otherwise. Nick Beeson (talk) 12:24, 21 March 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stress fracture


text: User talk:64.229.235.240

title: User talk:64.229.235.240


text: User talk:24.162.143.191

title: User talk:24.162.143.191


text: User talk:66.125.88.216

title: User talk:66.125.88.216


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Talk:Huggies

The advertising part needs to be messed up. It's really professional.

I concur Xiecfox (talk) 19:42, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

Huggies is a global brand, this article is too US-centric 59.167.21.65 (talk) 23:04, 22 January 2015 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 05:06, 23 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Huggies Disposable Diapers at Kroger.jpg

It took them ten years to bring it to market?
If I can I will try to find out what took so long. Perhaps the existing product line, Kimbies, was quite successful and they were afraid to risk confusing the public. Or maybe the diapers were designed so much differently from previously existing diapers that they really did need ten years to make really sure they were doing the right thing. — Soap — 14:39, 13 July 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Huggies


text: User talk:24.156.7.111

title: User talk:24.156.7.111


text:
Talk:Yugoslav People's Army

War crimes
Why there is almost nothing about the cruel war crimes of the JNA??? Unbelieveable! And there was no confusion, it was clear that they kill everybody who is not serbian. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 84.75.195.55 (talk) 16:31, 3 March 2007 (UTC).
 * Right on. Move this page to "Serbian National Army", I believe they even killed dogs, cats and house pets, they knocked down trees and destroyed all organic life form for not being "of Serbian origin". This page is about the JNA, its creation up to its dissolution in 1992. The high profile atrocities happened mostly after this time, and were carried out by different people, in different places and against different people. Meanwhile, if you have any sources linking war crimes to the JNA, you don't have to ask me why I didn't display them, you are free to edit the article yourself. Balkantropolis 07:06, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

You do realise that JNA stands for Jugoslovenska Narodna Armija [Yugoslav Peoples Army], Not Serbian peoples Army? The majority of atrocities were commited by Serbs [Mainly Bosnian Serb militants under the commands of Ratko Mladic and Arkan]. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.176.40.140 (talk) 04:26, 13 February 2010 (UTC)

On ethnic composition
Please stop stipulating that upon Yugoslavia's demise, the officer corps was hemogenously Serbian and Montengegrin. The army's Chief of Staff, Veljko Kadijevic, was half Croatian, half Serb; air force chief Zvonko Jurijevic was Croatian, the Commander of the Navy, Stane Brovet, was Slovenian and Aleksandar Spirovski, a Macedonian, was commander of the First Army. Only later on as the war progressed did the JNA become primarily Serbian and Montenegrin, since loyalties shifted. I implore you, do not make any more edits to the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.173.85.251 (talk • contribs) 01:45, 22 April 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, Tes, I agree. As long as you speak of JNA this is multinational army of no more existing SFRJ (socialist federate Yugoslavia).

 * Successor of this army is Army Of Serbia and Montenegro with official web site http://www.vj.yu/ which should be linked.

 * And yes, I hope there will be no more VJ (professional one) since civic service is now more popular in Serbia than military service.

 * Vojin /Belgrade —Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.106.188.16 (talk • contribs) 18:32, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

 * ETHNIC COMPOSITION

 * Some-one took off the stuff about ethnic composition, and re-wrote it making claims of Serb domination. The whole thing was just propaganda - what, for example, does connections with Iraq, or the representation of Serbs in the LCY, have to do with the ethnic composition of the JNA? In my version it says the facts - Serbs were over-represented in the lower and middle ranks, but underrepresented at the top, and the claim of discrimination is nonsense. If you wish to add the statistics of their over-representation in the lower and middle officer corps then that is fine. Deleting the statistics on the composition of the High Command is censorship. All the statistics are available here:
 * http://yugoslavtruth.blogspot.com/2005/09/myth-yugoslav-peoples-army-jna-was.html

 * If it is useful, there is also a list of the ethnicity of those in top JNA positions in 1989-91, available here:
 * http://yugoslavtruth.blogspot.com/2005/09/who-led-serb-dominated-jna.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.222.10.57 (talk • contribs) 01:03, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Saw the change, added a NPOV flag for cleanup. Given that both before and after your change the article seems to be somewhat biased. Let the NPOV flag sit for a while and the article should get some attention. Palnu 01:05, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

REPLY TO ETHNIC COMPOSITION

You were criticising "some" Western sources for mentioning of over-representation of Serbs in the JNA. The truth is that they are "all standard sources" about the reality of the JNA and its ethnic composition. Over-representation of Serbs in the JNA is nothing bad for this Encyclopedia or from scientific point of view.

One or two members in the high command does not give you absolute power over the army or the state. The Prime Minister of the rump Yugoslavia (in 1998) was a Montenegrin (Momir Bulatovic). Are you trying to say that the high command was equally shared between Serbs and Montegrins, even though the number of Serb population was many times higher than the Montenegrins (at least 10 times, i.e. 6.5 million Serbs vs. some few houndred thousands Montenegrins in Serbia and Montenegro). Yet Bulatovic was only a formal man and he is not accused of war crimes. Many in lower ranks from rump Yugoslavia were, including among others, Slobodan Milosevic who was indicted even for the crimes while he was President of Serbia.The current President of Serbia and Montenegro is a Montenegrin (Svetozar Marovic). What does this high command means? If the Serbs want to do something, can Mr. Marovic stop them because he is President?

You seem not to look at other sources on purpose because they tell you the truth. You mentioned only ONE reference, probably a non-standard work written by your friend. Veljko Kadijevic was a declared 'Yugoslav'. Again, he was one man as was the Croat Zvonko Jurijevic, the commander of the Air Force. But who controlled air bases and used the aircrafts? You sidestep other sources such as my reference to the official statistics of SKJ (i.e. LCY). I hope you understand the title of the Kongres ‘Šta pokazuju istraživanja SKJ’. It means: What Does the Research of LCY Show? That Kongress was held in Belgrade and included members of LCY from all nationalities of Yugoslavia. The document is the official one and it was the product of all LCY members, including the Serbs which showed that they are over-repsented.

You give evidence from websites which you may create days and nights, such as blogspots or any geocities, chats etc. Wikipedia cannot rely on these junk mails.

It is true that the JNA was dissolved into fighting fractions as you said, but the Serbs controlled the war arsenal. Croatia might have never needed Leopard tanks from Germany had it acquired a significant proportion of them from the JNA. When the JNA withdrew peacefully from Macedonia, it left almost no heavy weapons behind. Macedonia has imported all the tanks for its army from Bulgaria.

You have a tendecy of manipulating this Excellent and Neutral Encyclopedia for nationalist propaganda. We find plenty of examples when peoples of former Yugoslavia disagree between themselves and their compatriots engage in a propaganda war and revisionism. For example, Serb nationalists refer to the genocide of Ustasi against the Serbs during WWII, but do not want to recognise what many Serbs did during the 1990s.

Here is my NPOV:

Ustasi committed genocide against the Serbs and the Jews in WWII.

Serbs committed ethnic cleansing and genocide in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo.

Croats committed some ethnic cleansing in revenge against the Serbs in Krajina in 1995. The world knows that and Croatia is held accountable. Few Croats face trial in the Hague for that.

The JNA was in the hands of Serbs in the early 1990s. Me and you could have been in the high command. Who committed the genocide? Where did the Serbs get such a huge war arsenal?

There is nothing I have to disagree with you here. But your attempt to deteriorate reality and make Serbs under-represented in this or that level of JNA, I am afraid is wrong. Are you putting the truth on trial, MY FRIEND?! Let us cooperate together and put the things with verifiable sources through NPOV. We do not need to blame or defend someone in Wikipedia.

With my best regards, Isaac - West Midlands —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.1.99.193 (talk • contribs) 01:41, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

I think there are plenty other nice things about the JNA to put them in Wikipedia such as, ground forces (some 250,000 active soldiers), air force and anti-aircraft defence (that was the original definition in the JNA), marines, type of weapons (2,500 tanks, 2,400 cannons), etc. But since someone has dedicated much of the story only to Ethnic Composition to show that Serbs were under-represented here or there, it was necessary to challenge that approach. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.1.99.193 (talk • contribs) 03:37, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I read the Copyright and Verifiable criteria of Wikipedia. My editing to the JNA uses various sources as opposed to ONLY ONE controversial reference used by someone else. The figures for ethnic composition of the LCY come from e genuine and official source (from LCY) published in Belgrade at the time when the nations of former Yugoslavia were still in a sort of loose "brotherhood and unity". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.1.99.193 (talk • contribs) 01:54, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

 * ETHNIC COMPOSITION REPLY

 * I quoted one source, an academic book, because that source stated the facts that I was quoting. Do you want me to go and quote the same facts from other sources also?? Below is a table showing the facts about the JNA. The source of 1990 lower and middle raning officers is Broken Bonds, Cohen, p.182. The source for officers as a whole and the High Command is Fragmentation of Yugoslavia, Pavkovic, p.131-2. Both of these are good academic books, in no way biased in favour of the Serbs. Here are the stats:

 * Nationality, proportion of total Yugoslav population according to 1991 census, lower and middle ranking army officers, all army officers, army High Command

 * Serbs, 36.5%, 54.3%, 42.63%, -
 * Montenegrins, 2.3%, 5.2%, 9.45%, -
 * Yugoslavs, 3%, 9.6%, 10%, -
 * Serbs, Montenegrins and Yugoslavs put together, 41.8%, 66.2%, 58.83%, 33%
 * Croats, 19.7%, 12.5%, 14.21%, 38%
 * Slovenes, 7.5%, 2.3%, 6.4%, 8.3%
 * Macedonians, 5.8%, 7.3%, 6.3%, 8.3%
 * Muslims, 10%, 5.3%, 5.6%, 4.1%
 * Albanians, 9.3%, 1.5%, 3.15%, -

 * So here are the facts:

 * - the national composition of recruits was almost exactly proportionate to the national composition of the population, due to conscription

 * - but some groups - Serbs, Montenegrins, those who declared themselves Yugoslavs, and Macedonians - had a higher preference than others for actually embarking on a career in the JNA, for a number of cultural, economic, historic, etc reasons (e.g. Croats and Slovenes were richer, Serbs had a proud military tradition and identified most with the JNA, etc)

 * - the Partisan legacy was very important. This is why it was primarily Bosnian and Croatian Serbs, not Serbs from Serbia, who were over-represented, as they had formed the backbone of the Partisan resistance movement. This fact also partially explains why there were more Croats, Slovenes, and Montenegrins as one went higher up, as these groups particapated more in the liberation war than Croats and Slovenes were these days interested in joining the army, while Montenegrins participated in a far greater proportion than their numbers could now provide

 * - the Titoist policy of equal representation was employed most in the higher ranks. Serbs were much less likely to be promoted than others, as this proportion had to be kept to, so they were actually represented in the top ranks. So for this reason, "there was one general of the same ethnic group for every 20 Serb, 18 Yugoslav, 14 Montenegrin, 10 Croat, 9 Macedonian and Muslim, 6 Sovene and 3 Albanian colonels". (Bosnia-Herzegovina: The End of a Legacy, Neven Andjelic, p.201)

 * - although I do not have the statistics for the generals in 1990, in the 1970s and 1980s, the statistics show that Croats were over-represented, and Serbs represented about proportionate to their population.

 * - I do not have the statistics available, but it is a well known fact, available in all academic books, that the air force and navy were "dominated" by Croats and Slovenes. Even in December 1991, 41% of the air force staff, and 48% of the actual pilots, were neither Serbs nor Montenegrins, and this was after almost all the Slovenes and Croats had defected, Macedonians and Albanians were leaving, and Muslims were no longer responding to the call up

 * - non-Serbs, though in 1991 they were called on by their governments to leave the JNA, and most did (including 17,000 Croat officers, who defected during the war), continued to remain in high posts. Stane Brovet, a Slovene, remained Deputy Defence Minister until January 1992 when he left of his own accord. The Deputy Commander of the Second Military District, which covered Bosnia, when war broke out there, was also a Slovene.

 * You state that the composition of the High Command makes no difference, given the composition of the lower ranking officers. This is nonsense. It was the High Command that gave the orders, not the lower ranking officers!! And Serbian over-represention in the LCY membership is completely irrelevant to the question of ethnic composition of the JNA. (The head of the army LCY, btw, in case you're interested, was a Croat)

 * And by the way, I am not a Serb, I am British.

 * The Wikipedia article should include all the above facts. I am too busy to write it properly now, but will do so at some point in the near future.

 * ADDITION: You refer to Kadijevic as "just one man". He was the Secretary for National Defence, and, if you read any book on the former Yugoslavia, you will see that he was the most important man in the army! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.222.10.57 (talk • contribs) 18:31, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

 * ETHNIC COMPOSITION REPLY
 * As I see, someone has posted a new recount of ethnic composition of the JNA, I would like it if someone can change it on the main page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.216.137.171 (talk • contribs) 22:52, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

NPOV Tag
I see nothing but facts in the article. Isn't it time to remove the NPOV tag? btw, the statistics above should be included, but if we cannot reach consensus, I don't insist.--Bora Nesic 00:06, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

I'm interested in knowing which sources were used to find the the ethnic distribution the leadership in the JNA; does this include all lower officers as well or just the ones at the top?

Swiss Army
Isn't the concept of total national defence similar to the Swiss Army? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.203.200.2 (talk • contribs) 16:17, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

Response: It's exactly that, as a concept.

Aircraft number seems dubious - 700?
All sources I've seen so far mention only 300 aircraft. The figure of 700 seems much too high. The proportion I've read about is basically: about 130 MiG-21s, 20 MiG-29s (which goes along with the article) and the rest local craft.

The figure of 300 probbably includes only combat aircraft, but 700 is still way off the mark. It is possible it includes all training, transport and recon craft. There were almost certainly no "700 combat aircraft". Right? The Spanish Inquisitor 12:02, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

Just went to air force link above and it shows total rundown: ~500 fighter & ground/attack (i.e. combat) and 300 training. Still think it's too high, but it's definetly less then 700.The Spanish Inquisitor 12:06, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

 * My figures haven't been updated in a while Equipment of YAF but nothing was thrown out in Yugoslav Armed Forces so number of combat aircraft (tanks, guns etc.) were massively inflated since totally obsolete aircraft were listed as combat/light attack when they were no longer even fit for training service. Size of YAF post WW2 is also huge but most of the aircraft were piston engine when most of the World moved to jet aircraft. --Ivan Bajlo 12:31, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

 * OK, so it's more then 300 but not by that much. I will just remove the word "combat" where 700 are mentioned, since it's probbably about half of that, until we can find a better source. Thanx.The Spanish Inquisitor 13:13, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

Separate page for KoV, i.e. Ground Forces
Went ahead and created a new (separate) page for Ground Forces, as this would bring article(s) organization into line with actual JNA organization. As the Air Force (RV i PVO) and Navy (JRV) already have separate pages/articles it would be normal to have an article for the largest of the JNA services, KoV.

Also, went ahead and cleaned-up the headings in this article, with proper linking to the new Ground Forces article. Gaston200 (talk) 12:35, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

YPA's article demonized by 89.17.21.154! Needs to be corrected like it was before he harmed it.
The 'corrections' that this nationalist ( 89.17.21.154 ) made in the section of "Dissolution of YPA" are totally UNTRUE and they are miserably demonizing YPA. The truth is the opposite: - The irregullar croatian forces were provoking YPA on every corner, and the cro-propaganda of HATRED and EVIL towards everything yugoslavian was brainwashing the majority of the honest Croatian people, who didn't want to attack YPA barracks and get involved in a brother-killing war. And, by the way, who's controlling this article? Can't you see what's going on in this section? Like it is now, it's totally untrue and needs to be corrected back like it was before this evil nationalist (89.17.21.154) harmed it. Regards;173.183.96.125 (talk) 06:57, 15 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Done. Thank you for bringing this to attention. -- DIREKTOR  ( TALK ) 10:55, 15 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks DIREKTOR. It's my pleasure to contribute to wikipedia this way, by checking the pages relevant to the yugoslavian issues and reporting any lies, done by the sick nationalistic propaganda. This is another victory for the reason and truth, like many times before. I guess the fight will go on until the last remaints of the nationalistic elements, together with their evil propaganda are eliminated from wikipedia for good. Kindest Regards. 173.183.96.125 (talk) 00:54, 16 August 2010 (UTC)

 * I dont want to get into who-did-what argument on this article and who is right, I just have to mention that I dont see you two guys (DIREKTOR and anonymus user) providing any relevant resources on this article.... Cheers, Kolpo. --95.178.200.235 (talk) 22:07, 25 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Um... what? You act as though he or I were somehow supposed to do that.. Excuse me for editing where, when, and how ever much I please. -- DIREKTOR  ( TALK ) 01:51, 26 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Exactly that one. Well, do as you please as you surely will, I made my point. And also my share of editing on this article in the manner it was made from the beginning. Unresourced. Kolpo ;-) --95.178.208.69 (talk) 17:19, 26 November 2010 (UTC)
 * You are again making no sense. What is your point? That i should've been editing this article?? :P
 * Just make sure you don't start edit-warring to push this nonsense POV. A report will follow in a second should that be the case. -- DIREKTOR  ( TALK ) 17:38, 26 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Oh, no that is definitely not my intention, as the matter of fact, thats the reason why I pointed out that you two guys dont use any resources in the first place. The only thing you got resourced in the whole section is Martin Spegelj video tape, which is of questionable value anyway, but let it be. And please mind your language, you are attacking me "ad homminem" by declaring my edit as nonsense POV, while you dont use any sources also, what makes you so superiror to me on this one? Kolpo --95.178.208.69 (talk) 17:50, 26 November 2010 (UTC)

 * You are directly contradicting yourself, in one and the same sentence. Please learn what "ad hominem" means and read WP:NPA. By discussing the nature of your edits, and not you yourself, I am by definition avoiding an ad hominem argument. -- DIREKTOR  ( TALK ) 20:12, 26 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Yeah, right. I already told you what I mean about "discussion" level you showed in your brief and insulting comment and Im not gonna repeat myself over this again. Since you explicitely threaten with edit warring (and projectig that one on me, after first edit I made on this article!?), sending reports, and reverting to your POV, then it would be at least decent from you to do the work properly and source claims you made/support in the article. How simpler from that can it be? Kolpo --95.178.205.29 (talk) 13:05, 27 November 2010 (UTC)

 * The sources are all honest and NORMAL people, who followed what was going on during the civil war in ex-Yugoslavia, in its 'croatian' episode.
 * The sources are all neutral TV and written media, also the media from non-involved ex-yugoslav republics, who reported objectivelly and trully, totally opposite to the evil-spreading cro-nationalistic media, who were only brainwashing Croatians. These sources, deeply engraved in the minds of all honest ex-yugoslavian people, are now slowly showing off as the rotten nationalist HDZ regime in 'Croatia' is going to a total collaps. Some of these sources will be on internet very soon and it will be THE FINAL END of all pathetic nationalistic provokers like you, Kolpo.
 * Those are the facts, everything else including any contra-comment or 'contra-argument' to this will be absolutelly worthless. The truth hurts and kills those who try to misiterpret it, right my dear friend DIRECTOR? -:))-Cheers and a Happy New Year! 207.216.132.111 (talk) 01:35, 10 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Which sources are you talking about ? There are none in the concerned article section, that's simply what Kolpo's point is. Educate yourself by reading Citing sources. --Jerome Potts (talk) 20:56, 2 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Here's a link from an article from 2009 from 'Slobodna Dalmacija', the best selling Dalmatian newspaper, where the former defense minister of Croatia-Josip Boljkovac openly admits that the war in Croatia was started by the illegal paramilitary croatian nationalistic formations, who first attacked JNA(YPA). This is a crystally clear fact, said by an ex croatian official, and there's no room for any other dirty lies. The text is in Serbo-Croatian: http://www.slobodnadalmacija.hr/Hrvatska/tabid/66/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/42151/Default.aspx
 * Regards;207.216.132.111 (talk) 06:14, 20 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Well can you quote the section of that article which states what you claim, and give us an English translation of it too, please ? --Jerome Potts (talk) 20:51, 2 December 2017 (UTC)

 * The article he linked that is written in Croatian, has nothing to do with what he stated it does and doesn't even mention Josip Boljkovac. 207.216.132.111 is (or was) an IP of an serbian nationalist. This is evident by his POV. "civil war in ex-Yugoslavia, in its 'croatian' episode". There was no civil war in ex-Yugoslavia, let alone a 'croatian' 'episode'. It was greater-serbian agression that has been brewing for some time and killing,raping, pillaging it's neighbours. If it was a civil war there wouldn't be an agressor on innocent countries and there would be casualties in serbia just like other ex-yugoslav countries have theirs. The only casualties in serbia are from the NATO bombing, but that was a necessary evil to finally stop the serbian agression on it's neighbours. While people in serbia were hanging around and watching movies, living life, their chetniks that they cheered for were committing crimes against humanity, all for the sake of greater-serbia. Serbs just couldn't wait for other nations to be conquered and ethnically cleansed. And if you want to talk about brainwashing and evil spreading media, please check this documentary out(made by serbs that didn't fall for serbian propaganda): SLIKE I REČI MRŽNJE - Vukovar 1991.=>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akAc0rlEemg The IP is just trying to project the blame off of serbia. VEcev (talk) 15:07, 24 September 2021 (UTC)

Dissolution
this section is clearly biased and evrything but NPOV.--Severino (talk) 12:01, 25 April 2011 (UTC)

Severino is absolutely right. This section is absolutely biased and does not correspond to any facts that are actually common knowledge. Urban empress (talk) 21:37, 12 August 2011 (UTC)

It's also incomprehensible to anyone without a knowledge of the subject. (What, for instance, is "TO"?) 205.227.88.253 (talk) 22:18, 28 November 2011 (UTC)

 * The section needs clear expansion and much work. It is limited by the mention of facts. Anyway, what you mean by "common sense"? I made a minor edit where I hope I solved the TO question. Just as note, it was my first edit ever on that section. FkpCascais (talk) 07:04, 29 November 2011 (UTC)

Technically, this section could be deleted as it is completely without citations from Reliable Sources. 104.169.37.15 (talk) 16:42, 1 October 2016 (UTC)

Yugoslav People's Army or Yugoslav National Army
In Serbo-Croatian (or Croato-Serbian), word "narod" means both the "people" and the "nation". So, in case of Yugoslav People's Army, correct translations of "Jugoslovenska narodna armija" are both Yugoslav People's Army and Yugoslav National Army. In materials of US DoD, JNA is translated in both ways. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.149.232.157 (talk) 18:16, 1 October 2015 (UTC)

It would be incorrect to translate YPA as national army, first because national is most time used as single and describe one nation or one citizen and not plural and when describing "Narodna" in this case it is plural denoting all people or in wider meaning all citizens or all nations that live in Yugoslavia not a single one, so even if "national" it was used it should have been used more correctly in plural as "Yugoslav Nationals Army" and not "Yugoslav National Army" but it is still incorrect(example - "U.S. nationals living abroad" - form of "national" plural use). Next example is National People's Army that is translation from German "Nationale Volksarmee" and in same name or sentence we have "national" and "people's" and that how it is correctly done translation because it indicates its true meaning - first there is only one nation or state - German - that formed that army and yet in same that it is all peoples army - belongs to all of people - Volksarmee - peoples army. So German "Volksarmee" is never correctly translated as "national army" but correctly as "people's army" because German "Volks" is people in general not national and in this example we have it in one name - "Nationale Volksarmee" simila to YPA and "national" is obliviously more about state then it is about people living in state. If we go further in use as a noun "national" in next example - A "German national" - has following meaning - a citizen of a particular country - Germany - and that for sure is not all citizens and yet YPA is all citizens or more correctly all people's army. "National" as adjective is for most of time similar in use as a "state" or "governmental" or "one nation" and does not have meaning as all people of some state.

In Yugoslavia case of YPA such use of word "national" would be obviously incorrect because Yugoslavia as mentioned is formed from many people or many nations and "narodna" or "people's" indicates that while "national" has not such meaning. One more example that we can use to describe why not is correct to use "national" is "People's Republic of China" that again indicates all people living in that country and yet it is not translated or used correctly anywhere as "National Republic of China" which would give it incorrect meaning and in Serbian is from English language correctly translated as "Narodna Republika Kina" so it should be used vice versa in same way in some English translation from Serbian if it is done correctly. Loesorion (talk) 12:56, 10 May 2020 (UTC)

Active and reserve personnel number of YPA
It is important when talking about active and reserve personnel number first to have actual year for that number. YPA active personnel varied from about 800.000 immediately after end of WWII and late 1940's to less then 200.000 thousand in beginning of 1990's. Given number can not be bigger then YPA had units according to their own plans where that personnel would have some job or function as part of military, so numbers must be tied with actual formations - army's, corps, divisions, brigades etc. It can not be given random numbers we like but actual maximum that units could hold at some time in total or had during their existence within actual year. Reserve for active troops is about number active troops could receive into existing units according to mobilizations plans. Each branch of Yugoslavia armed forces had its own mobilization plans to form units or to replace combat losses. Reserve could be active(usually tied for some active formations with low numbers of personnel but called often for trainings or to be used) or passive(as pool for drafting in order to replace combat losses and other different purposes). Passive reserve sometimes could be also given as total number of all personnel that had some military training that are decommissioned after receiving such training and numbers also vary by year so we need to be clear about what year we are talking about and for what units or branch of armed forces is that reserve as it can not be same number for all branches. In case of Yugoslavia reserve for both branch of armed forces - YPA and TO are different things and reserve for one branch was tied only for that branch trough mobilization plans and should be given separately or total numbers would be inaccurate and doubled. Loesorion (talk) 23:40, 11 May 2020 (UTC)

Removed copyedit tag
I just removed the copyedit tag after a huge edit. However, now the multiple issues tag only has one issue. Easy fix, right? But the refimprove tag was added in April 2008. I could just make it one tag, but then it would look like it was added recently. Should I just do that?

Asparagusus  (interaction)  13:56, 15 September 2022 (UTC)

"Arny of Yugoslavia" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Arny of Yugoslavia and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Joy (talk) 13:05, 12 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Yugoslav People's Army


text: File:Rise Against Siren Song of the Counter Culture.jpg


text: Category:694 BC deaths

title: Category:694 BC deaths


text: Category:690s BC deaths

title: Category:690s BC deaths