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User:Fpo

nothing free in the world works.

haven't made contributions except for reverts in a while.

title: User:Fpo


text:
Talk:AccuWeather

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 07:21, 31 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Kepahiang Weather.png

Corporate background for Accuweather

Barry Myers, ex-CEO of Accuweather, proposed by Trump to become director of NOAA, "I was originally enrolled in meteorology as an undergraduate. I then dropped out of school because I was a horrible student. I was never interested in learning, which I look at now as sort of funny." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.173.80.235 (talk) 06:16, 8 February 2020 (UTC)

ForecastWatch report
I object to the inclusion of the ForecastWatch report and have removed its mention from the article. As I stated in Talk:AccuWeather/Archive_1, I am concerned that the ForecastWatch report is not as comprehensive as it claims, seeing as it did not evaluate the National Weather Service, and the report doesn't say whether the differences between forecasting agencies are statistically significant. Additionally, I'd like to know whether ForecastWatch has any connections to the entities it evaluates. I am open to withdrawing my objection if a consensus of non-involved, non-COI editors disagrees. Altamel (talk) 03:53, 27 April 2020 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:AccuWeather


text:
Bloglines

Bloglines was a web-based news aggregator for reading syndicated feeds using the RSS and Atom formats. Users could subscribe to the syndicated feeds for free using a web browser. Bloglines offered an application programming interface that maintainers of web sites could use to write software to read feeds, search its database of feed entries, and ping the service when a website was updated. Bloglines became unavailable in early 2015.

History
Mark Fletcher, former CEO of ONElist, founded the site in June 2003 and sold it in February 2005 to Ask.com/InterActiveCorp. In 2005, it hosted more than 200 million searchable blog articles. On July 23, 2007, Bloglines released an iPhone version of their site. On August 27, 2007, the company released a public beta version of their site, with new features such as drag-and-drop feeds in the feed tree and a customizable start page.

Ask.com announced that Bloglines would be shut down effective November 15, 2010. However, on November 4, 2010, on-line marketing company MerchantCircle announced that it would assume control of Bloglines. On May 26, 2011, Reply! Inc. acquired MerchantCircle for $60 million in cash and stock. The transaction was completed in Q3 2011.

In December 2015 Bloglines had been down for at least 320 days, but users still can retrieve their subscriptions list from Netvibes using their Bloglines account.

Awards

 * Included in Time's Top 50 Web Sites for 2004
 * Voted Best Blog/Feed Search Engine by the Search Engine Watch Awards in 2005
 * BusinessWeek's Best of the New Web

title: Bloglines


text:
Radium, Colorado

Radium, elevation 6890 ft, is a small rural unincorporated community in southwestern Grand County, Colorado, United States. The community sits in the mountains along an isolated stretch of Colorado River downstream from Gore Canyon and southwest of Kremmling. The mainline of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad (now the Union Pacific Railroad) runs past the community, which is accessible by dirt and gravel roads only. The community of Radium consists of a cluster of houses on the north side of a bridge on the Colorado. The primary local industry is livestock ranching. The community is named for the element radium, which was formerly mined in Colorado in the early 20th century.

The Radium Recreation Site, part of the Upper Colorado River Special Recreation Management Area managed by the Bureau of Land Management, is on the south bank of the Colorado River across from the community. Radium Hot Springs is located on the river bank, a few miles south of Radium, and about 15 miles from Kremmling.

title: Radium, Colorado


text:
Tabua, Madeira

Tabua is a parish in the municipality of Ribeira Brava in the island of Madeira. It is located on the south coast, west of Funchal. The population in 2011 was 1,156, in an area of 11.03 km2. The municipality has a road which connects Calheta with Funchal, the capital, by road. The municipality of Ponta do Sol is to the west, and the municipality of São Vicente is to the north. On its southern border, the municipality borders the Atlantic.

title: Tabua, Madeira


text:
Talk:Simpson's-in-the-Strand

Old talk
Simpson's also has important Holmesian connections. 18.26.0.18 01:18, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I don't know of references in Conan-Doyle, have added details of mention in Wodehouse. Also, not to be confused with Simpson's Tavern.81.129.30.7 23:16, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

Guns of Navvarone
Not to quibble, but Anthony Quayle's character in Guns of Navvarone was not dying. He was hurt and they were leaving him to the hands of the Nazi's, but they expected since he was in uniform, that he would be given medical treatment and held as a POW. 66.153.124.154 (talk) 17:16, 9 May 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Simpson's-in-the-Strand


text:
Interstate 15 Business (Great Falls, Montana)

Interstate 15 Business (I-15 Bus.) is a business loop of Interstate 15 (I-15) in Cascade County, Montana, United States, almost entirely within Great Falls. The route links I-15 (which bypasses downtown Great Falls to the west) with the center of Great Falls. As its business loop designation implies, I-15 Bus. terminates at I-15 (running concurrently with US Highway 89, or US 89, and Montana Highway 200, or MT 200, through western Great Falls) at each end. The southernmost 0.83 mi of the route from the interchange with I-15 to Fox Farm Road is designated, but not signed, as Interstate 315 (I-315). I-315 is the second shortest Interstate in the country; only the unsigned I-878 in New York is shorter; it is also the northernmost auxiliary Interstate of I-15.

Route description
I-15 Bus. begins at I-15 exit 278 in an unincorporated area of Cascade County, a short distance southwest of Great Falls. At the trumpet interchange, US 89 and MT 200 separate from I-15 and merge with I-15 Bus. Additionally, MT 3 begins at the interchange and follows the three routes to the east. Just east of the interchange with I-15, I-15 Bus. intersects 14th Street. The Interstate Highway standard conditions come to an end a short distance to the east at an intersection with Fox Farm Road. Here, the 0.83 mi I-315 (designated along I-15 Bus. from I-15 to Fox Farm Road) comes to an end while I-15 Bus., US 89, MT 3, and MT 200 continue across the Missouri River into downtown Great Falls.

Within downtown, the four routes remain concurrent along 10th Avenue South to the parallel one-way couplet of 5th and 6th streets. I-15 Bus. northbound separates from US 89/MT 3/MT 200 at 6th Street, following the street northward through the city to the one-way 2nd Avenue North near the city center. I-15 Bus. turns to the west, following 2nd Avenue North to Park Street, then Park Street south to Central Avenue, where I-15 Bus. northbound rejoins the routing of I-15 Bus. southbound. Between Central Avenue and 10th Avenue South, I-15 Bus. southbound is routed along 1st Avenue North east to 5th Street South, then 5th Street South to 10th Avenue.

I-15 Bus. follows Central Avenue to the west, crossing the Missouri River once more as it exits downtown. After several intersections with local streets, I-15 Bus. terminates at I-15 exit 280. Central Avenue, however, continues westward from the exit.


text:
SS Cristoforo Colombo

SS Cristoforo Colombo was an Italian ocean liner built in the 1950s, sister ship of the SS Andrea Doria.

Origins and construction
The origins of the Cristoforo Colombo lie in the situation of the Italian Line at the end of World War II. The war had been devastating to them, as two of their newest and largest ships – the SS Rex and SS Conte di Savoia – had been destroyed. The Italian Line at this point decided to build only moderately-sized ships that were very luxurious, comfortable, and stylish.

The Cristoforo Colombo was built in Genoa at the Ansaldo Shipyards. The Andrea Doria was already built by the time Cristoforo Colombo was completed. She was launched in 1953 and was ready for a 1954 maiden voyage. When launched, the Cristoforo Colombo was larger than the Andrea Doria. Hence, the ship was the largest merchant ship in Italian service.

Italian Line service
After the Andrea Doria was sunk after a collision with the MS Stockholm (1948) in 1956, the Cristoforo Colombo was on her own until 1960 when the ship was joined by the Andrea Doria's replacement, SS Leonardo da Vinci.

In the spring of 1964, the Cristoforo Colombo carried the Pietà from the Vatican to the 1964 New York World's Fair. Pietà was put in a crate that was filled with plastic foam, which was lowered onto a rubber base in the first class pool where the least damage was likely to happen to it. During the actual loading, the Cristoforo Colombo had been put in dry dock so that she would not move and jeopardize the crate and its content. Only easily removable snap hooks secured the crate so that it could be released easily in case of accident. In case the Cristoforo Colombo sank during the voyage, the crate had the ability to float. In New York, the crate was lifted by a heavy-lift floating crane onto a barge that was put alongside the ship.

The Cristoforo Colombo and the Leonardo da Vinci were kept as the flagships and the prime Italian ships on the North Atlantic until 1965, when the new SS Michelangelo and SS Raffaello were placed into service. She was painted entirely white in 1966 in order to match with the other ships in the Italian Line, who had abandoned black as a hull color. The ship brought many Italian postwar immigrants to the United States and Canada calling at Halifax and New York in the last decades of large-scale ocean liner immigration to North America. Cristoforo Colombo was the last ship to bring immigrants to the historical Canadian immigration terminal Pier 21 on March 30, 1971, the day before the Pier closed its doors.

In popular culture
The Cristoforo Colombo is prominently featured in the 1962 Warner Brothers film Rome Adventure starring Suzanne Pleshette, Troy Donahue and Rossano Brazzi. The opening titles of the 1971 film The Burglars ("Le Casse") by Henri Verneuil shows the Cristoforo Colombo at dock in Athens, Greece. The ship's name is clearly seen.

Retirement from Italian Line service
In 1973, the Cristoforo Colombo gave up the New York service. It was therefore redirected to the Genoa-Barcelona-Lisbon-Rio-Montevideo-BuenosAires service to replace the MS Giulio Cesare that had suffered serious mechanical problems. As the South American service accepted a ship of sub-standard maintenance, she stayed until 1977. She was then sold to Venezuela, where she was used as an accommodation ship for workers at Ciudad Guayana.

In 1981, the Cristoforo Colombo was sold to US scrappers. However, upon arrival at Kaohsiung, Cristoforo Colombo was towed to Hong Kong with hopes of returning to service. As the ship was expensive to operate (she was designed to operate on an Italian subsidy) and was in poor condition after her time in Venezuela, the Cristoforo Colombo was towed back to Kaohsiung in the autumn of 1982 and scrapped.

title: SS Cristoforo Colombo


text:
User:Whayworth

My Wikipedia profile page. It's not being used for much now, but perhaps in the future it will amount to something.

title: User:Whayworth


text:
Talk:Hustler (magazine)

Incoherent Writing
The following are the first three sentences of the article as it exists now:

 * Hustler is a monthly pornographic magazine aimed at men and published in the United States. It was first issued in 1974. It was a step forward from the Hustler Newsletter which was cheap advertising for his strip club businesses.

Of course, this is incoherent writing, as the person that "his" refers to hasn't even been introduced. Replacing "his" with "Larry Flynt" wouldn't be much better, as then the sentence reads like an unrelated anecdote. So I'm going to change this passage to the following:

 * Hustler is a monthly pornographic magazine aimed at men and published in the United States. It was first published in 1974 by Larry Flynt. It was a step forward from the Hustler Newsletter which was cheap advertising for his strip club businesses at the time.

209.208.77.150 04:18, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

Miscellany
If anyone things this should appear in the article, please allow me to put it in; it has been deleted by another user but it is relevant.

 * In the late 1990s, Hefner was a guest speaker at the Roman Catholic Georgetown University, declaring, during his remarks, that "The Catholic Church has had its hand on other people's crotch for the last two thousand years"

Thanks ~ Dpr 01:21, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Why is this relevant? Hugh Hefner created Playboy magazine, not Hustler... that was Larry Flynt. --Dante Alighieri | Talk 21:20, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)

Questions / suggestions

i) Add something about Hustler Magazine v Farwell here.

ii) Add a link about Hustler Magazine that isn't "adult only" to the external link section. [Website for shareholders? ]

Cleanup
Article itself is not bad, but could use a good editing job. --Ohyeahmormons

Question:

Who's the chick on the 2004 hustler cover she looks fuckin hot!

 * That would be Sunrise Adams. PseudoAnon 07:02, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

Aren't there Hustler video's and stuff? There is no mention of that. --59.93.202.11 14:01, 1 December 2006 (UTC) Anonguy

 * Yes, there are even Hustler TV channels. --88.196.137.184 18:39, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

very good —Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.24.240.241 (talk) 00:43, 10 January 2009 (UTC)

Free copies of Hustler magazine mailed to Members of Congress
The article states: "Every month's Hustler is mailed, uninvited (sic) and for free, to the office of each member of the United States Congress. This practice began at some point between 1974 and 1983, and it continues as of 2009."

I worked in a DC Congressional office in the early 1990s and we never received Hustler magazine. Not even one single issue.

This passage should be cited or deleted.

72.82.210.50 (talk) 15:51, 11 June 2009 (UTC)

 * I hope the congressman didnt have to rely on you ever using any initiative, seeing as google can provide a source in seconds. Willy turner (talk) 01:37, 12 June 2009 (UTC)

 * I am just saying that the alleged free Hustler magazines were not delivered to the Members of the House of Representatives in the early 1990s.

 * Perhaps during that era the magazines were stolen while be handled at the House Post Office.

 * This would have been easy to accomplish by one or more of the Postmaster staffers. Remember that individuals at the House Post Office were then dealing cocaine out of the office and the then Postmaster, Robert Rota, was himself engaged in money laundering.  And remember that these staffers are not Letter-Carriers (who are subject to Postal Police investigation if they steal mail), they are Congressional staffers who are employed at the discretion of the Postmaster.

 * Also, I should note that stealing the magazines would be even easier if they were drop-shipped to the House Post Office (Washington, DC 20515). USPS drop-shipping is a common mass mailing technique.  In this case a whole shipment of 435 magazines would be mailed to the House Post Office and then opened and distributed to the Members (or in this case, not distributed).

 * 435 brand new copies of Hustler magazine would be worth a lot of money (tax-free, under-the-table) if you sold them to a fence or disreputable magazine distributor.

 * 72.82.220.4 (talk) 04:48, 12 June 2009 (UTC)

Inaccuracy -- too much reliance on too few sources
Nature of Content section claims "first American magazine to show pubic hair". This can easily be disproved by scrolling thru http://www.scribd.com/doc/97912/Timeless-The-Women-of-Playboy-19532004 which shows the pubic hair of Miss December 1971 Karen Christy and Miss January 1972 Marilyn Cole, as well as clearer photos in Playboy later in 1972. Since Hustler was not even published until 1974, it couldn't have been first.

The text of this WP page should be modified to indicate what Hustler *did* pioneer in. Pubic hair was also depicted by Alberto Vargas in his Playboy drawings as early as January 1970. Martindo (talk) 09:13, 20 December 2009 (UTC)

Herceg case
Why isn't anything here on Herceg vs. Hustler case? From Autoerotic asphyxiation:

In Herceg v. Hustler, Diane Herceg sued Hustler magazine for the death of her 14-year-old son, Troy D., who had experimented with autoerotic asphyxia after reading about it in that publication. 89.201.133.70 (talk) 11:25, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

 * I found this source that could be used for a Litigation section and not just this one case. --Scalhotrod - Just your average banjo playing, drag racing, cowboy... (talk) 19:32, 28 February 2014 (UTC)

Asshole of the Month
Bizarrely, the UK edition heads this feature "Arsehole of the Month". Bizarrely, because (1) it doesn't seem to make any other editorial concessions to the UK (I mean, who in the UK actually uses the word "afficionada"?) and (2) the cartoon depicts the victim as the back end of a pony - which is still an "ass" in British English, not an "arse". So the one concession the magazine makes to British English, it gets wrong. - Walnuts go kapow (talk) 10:37, 4 February 2011 (UTC) hey sup?????? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.236.69.88 (talk) 23:25, 30 April 2014 (UTC)

NPOV tag -- The "Regular Features" section read like an attack
The entire section was an attack on the magazine and I have made a few changes.

The section now actually reads as a list of regular features as should be intended, however it currently needs more sources. I have removed a full paragraph from the page which was an unsourced attack. I have added a criticism section and moved a sourced paragraph in question from "Regular Features" to the new section. Due to the nature of the issue, I have added a NPOV tag to the page until other editors see this issue as resolved.

Please look over the changes and discuss. 24.182.164.78 (talk) 21:44, 4 December 2015 (UTC)

Criticism of "Criticism"
The "study" referred to in the "criticism" section is poorly cited. No idea what's in the supposed source, but I would assume a legit study "funded by the Department of Justice " would be sourceable online.

There's a reason it isn't. An unauthorized DOJ staffer (and former writer for Captain Kangaroo) using DOJ stationary tried to claim she'd done a study which supposedly included Playboy and Penthouse and was designed to "prove" that mainstream pornography in the 80s was a breeding ground for pedophilia.

The mention here is obviously an attempt to smear Hustler while disavowing responsibility. It should be removed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.32.129.175 (talk) 23:34, 14 April 2016 (UTC)

Requested move 16 November 2019

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. (non-admin closure) Colin M (talk) 21:35, 25 November 2019 (UTC)

– Obviously the primary topic of the word "Hustler" would be the person who hustles, not the magazine. Per WP:NOUN, the hustling article should really be called hustler, similar to how gold digger is not called gold digging. ZXCVBNM (TALK) 14:05, 16 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Hustler → Hustler (magazine)
 * Hustling → Hustler

 * Oppose both - Hustler as a term is more often associated with the magazine. Also, WP:NOUN includes gerunds, so "hustling" is an acceptable title for the activity. -- Netoholic @ 19:29, 16 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Hustling is also not just that for a hustler. It can be a pimp, or a drug trafficker. So I don't support this move, but mostly #2. --Quiz shows 19:39, 16 November 2019 (UTC)
 * The article is obviously solely about the practice of cheating in games, not pimping or drug trafficking. Therefore, the scope wouldn't be narrowed by the move.ZXCVBNM (TALK) 20:40, 16 November 2019 (UTC)
 * oppose - I don't see an issue with the article remaining at Hustling. There is an argument that the article is far too much skewed towards hustlers than the act, but the article should be explaining what hustling itself is. A List of known Hustlers could exist, but no need for this move. Best Wishes,  Lee Vilenski  (talk • contribs) 12:26, 17 November 2019 (UTC)

 * Support first move, but move Hustler (disambiguation) to Hustler. I would question the existence of a primary topic for the term given the combination of common noun use and the large number of other uses. BD2412  T 18:49, 19 November 2019 (UTC)
 * I still think hustling merits a move, per WP:NOUN. Maybe to Hustler (gambling) if people agree there is no primary topic.ZXCVBNM (TALK) 00:55, 20 November 2019 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Infobox: Magazine editor & publisher
Seeing as Larry Flynt died in February 2021. Shouldn't the editor & publisher entries, be updated? GoodDay (talk) 20:35, 31 October 2021 (UTC)

Uncited material in need of citations
I am moving the following uncited material here until it can be properly supported with inline citations of reliable, secondary sources, per WP:V, WP:CS, WP:IRS, WP:PSTS, WP:BLP, WP:NOR, et al. This diff shows where it was in the article. Nightscream (talk) 16:27, 13 December 2021 (UTC)

Editorial policy
Hustler has had what would be considered a left-wing (liberal) editorial policy on economics, foreign policy, and social issues. Flynt and Hustler are also noted for having a more populist and working-class outlook than the more upscale-oriented Playboy and Penthouse. Throughout the 1980s, Flynt used his magazine as a podium with which to launch attacks on the Reagan Administration and the Religious Right. He even published a short-lived political magazine called Rebel. During the controversy surrounding Bill Clinton's impeachment, Flynt publicly announced his sympathy for Clinton, and offered cash rewards to anyone with information regarding sexual impropriety on the part of the president's critics. In 2003, Flynt ran unsuccessfully for the office of Governor of California during that state's recall election.

In an interview, Flynt explained, "I felt that they should be informed with what's going on in the rest of the world ... Some of them didn't appreciate it much. I haven't had any plans to quit."

Hustler Hard Drive
The short-lived spinoff magazine Hustler Hard Drive (first issue September 1995, ISSN 1082-9954) should probably be noted somewhere on the article. Waxworker (talk) 07:31, 17 February 2022 (UTC)

Requested move 28 June 2022

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved. Per loss of confidence in the magazine being primary anymore, backed up by usage and long-term significance arguments. (closed by non-admin page mover) — Ceso femmuin mbolgaig mbung, mellohi! (投稿) 22:22, 5 July 2022 (UTC)

Hustler → Hustler (magazine) – Hustler more often refers to the group of professions in American English collectively called "Hustlers", especially in the contemporary times, yet due to dialectal variations it is best to make the page Hustler a redirect to the disambiguation page like it should've always been. While the magazine may be the most impactful form of hustler, that does not necessarily mean it is what one will be searching for as someone who is searching for the magazine will search with magazine in the term instead of just the term hustler, as if they themselves already concede that information for the term hustler will not be searching for hustler. Using Google Trends, one notices that searches for the term "Hustler" spike every summer, which just so happens to be when hustling as a group of professions are most active, whilst the magazine is far less searched for, and that pornographic magazines as a whole are on the decay. What may have been a major usage of Hustler in the early 2000s, which is likely considering the trend, can no longer confidently be considered the case.

– BruhtatoChips (talk) 20:09, 28 June 2022 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Support per nom. There's no 100% clear primary topic for this title — so, the safest bet would absolutely be to move the disambiguation page ("Hustler (disambiguation)") to the basename of "Hustler". Paintspot Infez (talk) 20:25, 28 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose magazine is still PRIMARY, and the Google views just reinforce that.--Ortizesp (talk) 20:43, 28 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Support and move Hustler (disambiguation) to Hustler. The magazine is undoubtedly highly notable, but it is not overwhelmingly the primary topic. -- Necrothesp (talk) 13:25, 29 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Support per my previous move request on the subject. I believe it should be a WP:PRIMARYREDIRECT to Hustling as the primary topic due to longterm significance. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 13:57, 29 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Support The Hustler (film) has 16,032 views, Hustling has 7,214 while the magazine has 9,709, also Hustlers (film) has 	153,690[]. By long-term significance hustling probably has more than the magazine. There is no clear primary topic so the DAB should be at the base name rather than a primary redirect to Hustling.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 09:26, 1 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hustler (magazine)


text: Talk:Ōtsuka Station (Tokyo)

title: Talk:Ōtsuka Station (Tokyo)


text:
Eddie Floyd

Eddie Lee Floyd (born June 25, 1937) is an American R&B and soul singer and songwriter, best known for his work on the Stax record label in the 1960s and 1970s, including the No. 1 R&B hit song "Knock on Wood".

Biography
Floyd was born in Montgomery, Alabama, and grew up in Detroit, Michigan. He founded The Falcons, which also featured Mack Rice. They were forerunners to future Detroit vocal groups such as The Temptations and The Four Tops. Their most successful songs included "You're So Fine" and later, when Wilson Pickett was recruited into the group as the lead singer, "I Found a Love". Pickett then embarked on a solo career, and The Falcons disbanded.

Floyd signed a contract with the Memphis-based Stax Records as a songwriter in 1965. He wrote a hit song, "Comfort Me", recorded by Carla Thomas. He then teamed with Stax's guitarist Steve Cropper to write songs for Wilson Pickett, now signed to Atlantic Records. Atlantic distributed Stax and Jerry Wexler brought Pickett from New York City to work with Booker T. & the MGs. The Pickett sessions were successful, yielding several pop and R&B hits, including the Floyd co-written "Ninety-Nine and a Half (Won't Do)" and "634-5789 (Soulsville, U.S.A.)".

In 1966, Floyd recorded a song initially written for Otis Redding. Wexler convinced Stax president Jim Stewart to release Floyd's version. The Steve Cropper-Eddie Floyd "Knock on Wood" launched Floyd's solo career, and has been covered by over a hundred different artists from David Bowie to Count Basie. Eventually, Redding would cut an R&B hit version of the song in 1967 as a duet with Carla Thomas. It became a disco hit for Amii Stewart in 1979.

Floyd was one of Stax's most consistent and versatile artists. He scored several more hits on his own, including "I've Never Found a Girl (To Love Me Like You Do)" and "Raise Your Hand", which was covered by both Janis Joplin and Bruce Springsteen.

The song "Big Bird" (featuring Booker T. Jones on organ and guitar, Al Jackson, Jr. on drums, and Donald "Duck" Dunn on bass) was written while Floyd waited in a London airport for a plane back to the United States for Otis Redding's funeral.

Floyd's career did not keep him from being one of the label's most productive writers. Almost every Stax artist recorded Floyd material, often co-written with either Cropper or Jones, including Sam & Dave ("You Don't Know What You Mean to Me"), Rufus Thomas ("The Breakdown"), Otis Redding ("I Love You More Than Words Can Say"), and Johnnie Taylor's "Just the One (I've Been Looking For)". The latter played during the opening credits of director Harold Ramis's film Bedazzled.

In 1980, Floyd released material on the UK record label I-Spy Records, owned and created by the UK band Secret Affair. He joined old Stax collaborators Cropper and Dunn, and fronted The Blues Brothers Band on a series of world tours, and in 1998, Floyd and former Falcon Wilson Pickett appeared on screen dueting on "634-5789" in Blues Brothers 2000.

As well as singing with The Blues Brothers Band, Floyd has been the special guest with former Rolling Stone Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings on several dates in the US and the UK.

In 2008, Floyd returned to Stax Records, which was owned by Concord Music Group since 2004. His first new album in six years, Eddie Loves You So, was released in July 2008.

In November 2012, Floyd was inducted into the Carolina Beach Music Hall of Fame as a Pioneer Award Recipient.

In December 2012, Floyd released a new album at Christmas time. Eddie's son, Anthony Floyd, sings with him in the single, Don’t Forget About James Brown, and the album, Tonight’s The Night. In 2016 he was inducted into the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame

Eddie Floyd was named to the Memphis Music Hall of Fame in 2018.

On 1 September 2017, at age 80, Floyd performed live at the Royal Albert Hall BBC Proms with Jools Holland and his Rhythm & Blues Orchestra, in a tribute concert to 50 years of Stax Records synonymous with Southern soul music.

On February 28, 2020, Rock House Records released Eddie Floyd's 1979 recording "Guess It Wasn't Meant to Be".

Albums

 * Knock on Wood – (1967) – Stax
 * Looking Back – (1968) – Ember Records
 * I've Never Found a Girl – (1969) – Stax
 * Rare Stamps – (1969) – Stax
 * You've Got to Have Eddie – (1969) – Stax
 * California Girl – (1970) – Stax
 * Down to Earth – (1971) – Stax
 * Baby Lay Your Head Down – (1973) – Stax
 * Soul Street – (1974) – Stax
 * Experience – (1978) – Malaco Records
 * Flashback – (1988) – Ichiban Records
 * Red, White & Blues (The Blues Brothers Band) – (1992) – Turnstyle Records
 * Gotta Make a Comeback – (1999) – Plane Records
 * To the Bone – (2002) – Rock House Records
 * Eddie Loves You So – (2008) – Stax
 * At Christmas Time – (2012) – Stax
 * Down by the Sea – (2013) – Stax

title: Eddie Floyd


text:
Robert McCormick

Robert McCormick may refer to:

 * Robert R. McCormick (1880–1955), American publisher of the Chicago Tribune
 * Robert McCormick (explorer) (1800–1890), naturalist with the British Royal Navy
 * Robert McCormick (Virginia inventor) (1780–1846), American inventor, and progenitor of the McCormick family of Chicago
 * Robert McCormick, the ex-CEO of SAVVIS, Inc.
 * Mack McCormick (Robert McCormick, 1930–2015), American musicologist and folklorist
 * Robert Sanderson McCormick (1849–1919), American diplomat
 * Robert J. McCormick (1949–2014), head of the Center for Child Advocacy and Policy program
 * Robert John McCormick (1848–1919), Ontario farmer and political figure
 * Bob McCormick (1864–?), Scottish footballer
 * Bob McCormick (Australian footballer) (1879–1957), Australian rules footballer

title: Robert McCormick


text:
Tapton

Tapton may refer to:

Buildings in England

 * Tapton House, a late 18th-century country house, now part of Chesterfield College, Tapton, Derbyshire
 * Tapton Hall of Residence, one of the halls owned by the University of Sheffield
 * Tapton School, of Sheffield
 * Tapton Hall, a listed building in the Crosspool area of Sheffield

Places in England

 * Tapton, Derbyshire
 * Tapton Hill, a district in Broomhill and Sharrow Vale, South Yorkshire

Other uses

 * John Tapton, Dean of St Asaph from 1463 until 1493

title: Tapton


text: Template:NYCS rolling stock

title: Template:NYCS rolling stock


text:
R62

R62 may refer to:
 * R62 (New York City Subway car)
 * R62 (South Africa), a road
 * HD 32034, a star
 * HMS Cassandra (R62), a destroyer of the Royal Navy
 * HMS Glory (R62), an aircraft carrier of the Royal Navy
 * R62: Possible risk of impaired fertility, a risk phrase in chemistry

title: R62


text:
Interstate 115

Interstate 115 (I-115) is a 1.194 mi auxiliary Interstate Highway which connects I-15/I-90 to Butte in the U.S. state of Montana. The highway is concurrent with I-15 Bus./I-90 Bus. for its entire length. The highway travels from an incomplete interchange with I-15/I-90 through generally rural areas in western Butte. It also has an interchange with Excelsior Avenue before terminating. The entire route was built to Interstate standards during the 1960s, and was further changed in 2005.

Route description
I-115 begins at an interchange with I-15/I-90. As a four-lane highway with two lanes in each direction, I-115 heads east into downtown Butte. Before reaching exit 1, eastbound traffic makes a curve while westbound traffic goes to I-15/I-90 without making such a curve, therefore, that portion of I-115 contains a large median. Approximately 1 mi from I-15/I-90, I-115 has its only interchange at Excelsior Avenue, which can be used to access the town of Walkerville. Excelsior Avenue is the only numbered exit along I-115, and the structure of the interchange directs motorists to stop and yield signs, as opposed to traffic signals for most exits in urban areas. I-115 ends at the overpass over Excelsior Avenue. It continues into Butte as I-15 Bus./I-90 Bus.

History
The development of a freeway along the modern-day I-115 corridor was proposed in the 1950s. The 1955 General Location of National System of Interstate Highways, an early platform for what would become the Interstate Highway System, contained an inset of the proposed freeways in and around the city of Butte including an east–west freeway spur on the west side of the community. Designated as part of the Interstate Highway System around 1957, I-115's construction was funded by the federal government.

title: Interstate 115


text: Category:Welsh language

title: Category:Welsh language


text:
User:E=MC^2/sandbox

T T T T T T T

Cheese

title: User:E=MC^2/sandbox


text:
Tomb of the Lizard King

Tomb of the Lizard King is a Dungeons & Dragons' adventure module published in 1982 by TSR. In Tomb of the Lizard King, the player characters are employed by the Count of Eor to investigate a monstrous force that has been terrorizing caravans and peasants near the village of Waycombe. The adventure is appropriate for large groups of characters of level 5–7, or smaller groups with higher levels.

Plot summary
Tomb of the Lizard King is a three-part adventure scenario in which the player characters must journey through the wilderness, combat brigands, and explore the tomb of a Lizard King. Brigands have disrupted the southern trade routes, and the merchants are demanding that the Count of Eor stop the attacks. The Count puts out the call for adventurers to end the raids and discover what is behind the attacks.

Publication history
Tomb of the Lizard King was written by Mark Acres and illustrated by Jim Holloway and Jeff Easley. It was published by TSR in 1982 as a 32-page booklet with an outer folder. The module is part of the "Intermediate" series (I2) for the AD&D game, and was used as the tournament module at Origins 1980. The adventure was edited by Michael Williams and illustrated by Harry J. Quinn. While Tomb of the Lizard King could originally be played in any setting, it has since been retroactively placed into the World of Greyhawk campaign setting. In an article by Gary Holian in Living Greyhawk Journal, No. 1, it was revealed that the County of Eor had been absorbed into the Kingdom of Keoland.

Reception
Doug Cowie reviewed I2 favorably for Imagine magazine, calling it a "one off exercise with various encounters occurring in widely differing settings" and praising the well-drawn maps. Although he found the outline and "source of villainy" very similar to module N1, Cowie thought I2 was a better-presented adventure than N1 as it provides an "interesting setting, good NPCs, and some very dangerous underground encounters".

Jim Bambra reviewed Tomb of the Lizard King for White Dwarf. He gave it a nine out of ten overall, calling it "a difficult adventure that was designed to test a party's mettle and playing skill". While pre-rolled player characters are provided with the module, Bambra felt that it was worth using a player's own character because "there are some nice goodies to be had". Bambra did note that the module was a victim of sloppy printing in places, but felt that the mistakes should be obvious enough to pose no problems to a competent Dungeon Master. He concluded by describing the module as "[a] good module for those who enjoy challenging gaming sessions with plenty of opportunity to be cautious, thoughtful and aggressive."

In his 1991 book Heroic Worlds, Lawrence Schick calls the Lizard King "extremely nasty".

title: Tomb of the Lizard King


text:
R4

R4, R04, R.4, R-4, or R/4 may refer to:

Aircraft

 * Caudron R.4, World War I French reconnaissance aircraft, first flown in 1915
 * Curtiss R-4, air ambulance version of the American Curtiss Model R utility aircraft, first flown in 1915
 * Sikorsky R-4, American helicopter, first flown in 1942

Ships

 * HMCS Cayuga (R04), Royal Canadian Navy destroyer
 * USS R-4 (SS-81), U.S. Navy submarine

Weapons

 * R4 assault rifle, produced by South African manufacturer Vektor
 * Remington R4 carbine, assault rifle used by the Philippine Marine Corps
 * Bisnovat R-4, Soviet missile

Other military

 * Plan R 4, the World War II British plan for an invasion of the neutral state of Norway in April 1940

Science

 * R4, designation of risk phrase "Forms very sensitive explosive metallic compounds"
 * R4 nuclear reactor, the fourth nuclear reactor built in Sweden
 * Exotic R4, in mathematics, a differentiable manifold

Cars

 * R4, abbreviation for rear-engine, four-wheel drive layout
 * R4, a sub-class of Group R rally cars
 * Jaguar R4, Jaguar Racing's car for the 2003 Formula One season
 * McRae R4, a rally car designed in part by Colin McRae
 * Renault R4, alternative name for the Renault 4
 * Suzuki GSX-R/4, a concept car made by Suzuki in 2001

Roads

 * R4 ring road in Ghent, Belgium
 * R4 expressway (Czech Republic)
 * R4 expressway (Slovakia)
 * R-4 motorway (Spain)
 * R4 road (Zimbabwe), a road connecting Harare and Nyamapanda
 * Radial Road 4 or R-4, an arterial road of Manila, Philippines

Other transportation

 * R4 (Canberra), a bus route in Canberra, Australia
 * R4 (New York City Subway car)
 * R4 (RER Vaud), an S-Bahn line in the canton of Vaud
 * R4 (Rodalies de Catalunya), a commuter rail line in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
 * R4 41st Avenue RapidBus, an express bus service in Vancouver, BC, Canada

Video games

 * R4: Ridge Racer Type 4, a racing game for Sony PlayStation, developed by Namco
 * Rush Rush Rally Racing, a racing game for Sega Dreamcast, developed by Senile Team
 * R4 cartridge, a Nintendo DS flash cartridge

Other uses

 * BBC Radio 4 the premier BBC speech radio station
 * R4, a building in the Norwegian Government quarter (Norw. Regjeringskvartalet)
 * Region 4, the DVD region code for most of Mexico, Central America, South America, Australia, New Zealand, Oceania

title: R4


text:
R32

R32 may refer to:

Automobiles

 * BMW R32, a motorcycle
 * Nissan Skyline (R32), a mid-size car
 * Nissan Skyline GT-R (R32), a sports car
 * Volkswagen Golf Mk4 R32, a 2003 compact car
 * Volkswagen Golf Mk5 R32, a 2005 compact car

Other uses

 * R32 (airship), of the Royal Navy
 * R32 (New York City Subway car)
 * 1... R-32 opening, a shogi opening
 * Difluoromethane, a refrigerant
 * R32: Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas, a risk phrase
 * Small nucleolar RNA R32/R81/Z41

title: R32


text:
Jordanelle Reservoir

Jordanelle Reservoir is a reservoir in Wasatch County, Utah, United States, just north of Heber City.

Jordanelle Reservoir is fed and drained primarily by the Provo River, and is impounded by the Jordanelle Dam, an earthen dam. The construction of the dam resulted in the reroutings of both U.S. Route 40 and U.S. Route 189 (which now run concurrently over the summit of nearby mountains) and the submergence of the towns of Keetley, Hailstone, and Jordanelle.

Jordanelle State Park
Construction of the dam started on June 27, 1987, and was completed on April 12, 1993. Jordanelle State Park opened on June 29, 1995. Construction of the dam was challenged by several groups. Conservationists wanted to maintain the natural state of the Provo River. Because of this, a large area at the foot of the dam was converted into an artificial wetland. Other groups were concerned that the site was geologically flawed, citing the catastrophic failure of the Teton Dam in Idaho in 1976. Mining interests in nearby Park City were also concerned, fearing that the reservoir would flood sections of the Ontario silver mine.

During the summer months, Jordanelle is a destination for triathletes and runners alike. Because of the State Park's rugged terrain on the Rock Cliff side, sponsors host sprint triathlons in addition to 10 km races and ultra marathons.

title: Jordanelle Reservoir


text:
R38 (New York City Subway car)

The R38 was a New York City Subway car model built by the St. Louis Car Company from 1966 to 1967 for the IND/BMT B Division. Two hundred were built in married pairs. In addition, the R38s were built to supply extra trains for service changes resulting from the 1967 opening of the Chrystie Street Connection. Moreover, the R38 was the first subway car fleet to have air conditioning installed.

The first R38s entered service on August 23, 1966. In 1987–1988, all R38s were rebuilt by General Electric. The R160 order replaced the entire fleet of R38s, the last of which ran on March 18, 2009. After retirement, all cars but one pair, which is preserved by the New York Transit Museum, were stripped and sunken as artificial reefs.

Description
The R38s were numbered 3950–4149. The cars were arranged in "married pairs" of two cars semi-permanently coupled together by a drawbar. Even-numbered cars were known as "B" cars, while odd-numbered cars were known as "A" cars.

The R38 was the second subway car order to be built with stainless steel exteriors, the first being the R32 order in 1964. The cars were built with aluminium roofs, vandal-proof fiberglass seats, and with indirect fluorescent lighting, which also provided illumination of the advertisement cards as well, a similar setup to the last 150 R32 cars delivered in 1965 numbered 3800–3949. Due to the similarities between both fleets, R38s often operated in mixed-consists with R32s.

The R38 was the first successful subway car fleet to have air conditioning installed after earlier prototypes failed on older subway cars. The last ten cars delivered (4140–4149) came factory equipped with Stone-Safety 10-ton split system air conditioning system featuring the compressor/condenser units mounted under the cars, while the evaporator units were installed on the top interior ends of the car in 1967. The first six air conditioned cars came into service on the F train on July 19, 1967. The six-week experiment was a success after past failures, and air conditioning would soon, but not immediately, become standard equipment on new rolling stock built for the system, since the first 200 R40 cars were built without air conditioning. The air conditioned cars cost $40,000 more than the non-air conditioned cars. From this point on, the New York City Transit Authority began adopting air conditioning as standard equipment on all new cars, and older model cars were retrofitted with AC units to make life much more bearable throughout the subway system. The Stone-Safety Air Conditioning system was adopted from their standard railroad and commuter coach air conditioning systems, and it proved very successful.

History
In March 1965, the New York City Transit Authority, continuing its program of car replacement, ordered 200 additional cars for the B Division from the St. Louis Car Company. These cars were the first to replace cars for the IND since it started operation in 1932. They also supplied extra trains for the Chrystie Street Connection, which opened on November 27, 1967. St. Louis was chosen after the first three bids were deemed as too high, with the cost savings totalling $500,000.

The first two trains of R38s were placed in service at Queens Plaza after a brief introductory ceremony attended by Mayor John V. Lindsay, NYCTA Chairman Joseph O'Grady, and NYCTA Commissioners Joseph Gilhooly and Daniel T. Scannell on the and  on August 23, 1966. Though there were controversies about diverting these cars from their original assignment for the, it was decided to introduce the R38s on the IND Queens Boulevard Line, as the line was short of cars and the R1-R9s assigned to Jamaica Yard were in a bad state of disrepair.

Overhaul and mishaps
Cars 3990–3991 & 4000–4001 were involved in an incident on June 11, 1972, at the bumper blocks within the relay area east of the Jamaica–179 Street Terminal. These cars were stored in very heavily damaged condition at Coney Island Yard until they were scrapped in 1983.

In 1987–1988, the 196 remaining R38s were rebuilt by General Electric at its Buffalo, New York facility. During the rebuilding process, the R38s were fully equipped with air conditioning systems. Prior to rebuilding, the R38s featured mylar curtain route signs on their bulkheads displaying the service bullet and destination, similar to past B-Division R-type cars. After rebuilding, they received Luminator flipdot signs that displayed the service letter only, since the air conditioning evaporators mounted on the interior car ends made it rather difficult to change the front route and destination rollsigns. The distinctive "EXP" (express) and "LOCAL" marker lights were also removed. Like the R32s, the rollsigns on the sides of the cars were updated and retained.

The first ten R38s were sent to General Electric in early January 1987, along with ten R32s. The first rebuilt train of R38s (cars 3992/3, 4018/9, 4048/9, 4092/3, and 4132/3) entered service on the on May 28, 1987. The last unrebuilt train of R38s made its last trip on the before being sent out to be rebuilt on July 11, 1988. By December 28, 1988, all rebuilt R38s were in service.

Retirement
The R160 order replaced the entire fleet of R38s. Cars 4088/9 was the first pair of R38s to be stripped and sunken as artificial reefs on March 5, 2008; they were retired for unknown reasons in the early 2000s and stored at the 207th Street Yard. The rest of the fleet was gradually phased out from October 31, 2008, until the last pair, cars 4098–4099, made its final trip on the on March 18, 2009, in a mixed consist with three R32 pairs. After retirement, all cars except for 4028–4029 were stripped and sunken as artificial reefs.

Cars 4028–4029 are preserved for the New York Transit Museum. They were restored to operating status in 2013–2014 and have been operating on New York City Transit Museum-sponsored excursions since August 3, 2014, specifically on the Train of Many Metals (TOMM).

Movies

 * The opening scene of a 1977 movie Saturday Night Fever shows a train of R38s on the, prior to refurbishment.
 * The scene on a subway train in a 1988 movie Coming to America was shot on an R38 on the, also prior to refurbishment.
 * The subway scene in a 1988 movie Crocodile Dundee II features an R38 train on the, after refurbishment.
 * The subway scene in a 1990 movie Ghost features an R38 train on the, also after refurbishment.
 * The subway scene in a 2002 movie Men in Black II, features an alien entering a tunnel. Once there, it attacks and devours most of a subway train (which is a combination of R32 and R38 cars) until Agent J destroys it. He is then seen walking out of the station, 81st Street – Museum of Natural History, on the . This movie also depicts the R38s after refurbishment.

Video games

 * The trains in the video game Grand Theft Auto IV are based on the R38s.

title: R38 (New York City Subway car)


text:
Talk:Spark spread

Multiplication / Division
The text says: "The spark spread value is therefore the power price minus the gas price multiplied by 0.4913, i.e. Spark Spread = Power Price – (Gas price/0.4913)." So it says "multiplied" but then it is divided by the efficiency! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 147.114.226.194 (talk) 18:58, 14 April 2010 (UTC)

Hi, just a note about this: The above user said there was written "multiplied" and then the formula divided, so someone "corrected" it making a division in both, text and written formula. But that's wrong! It should be a multiplication (and it should be the gas price x 0.50); if it's left as a division, it would mean the plant can generate more MWh than it pays for in the commodity "gas", and no plan can get more energy from gas than the energy gas itself has, it's just the opposite. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.144.99.90 (talk) 09:58, 26 November 2018 (UTC)

Doubts about the chapter "Spark spread as cost of replacement power for intermittent renewables"
What is written here does not apply to any country that I know. In most European countries renewables either are treated like must-run plants so that conventional plants have to be switched off or they crowd out conventional plants in the electricity market due to their low running cost. And I don't know of any country that these conventional plants get a refund for being switched off, which is a well-known challenge for building new conventional plants (e. g. in the UK or Germany). So I wonder the statements in this chapter are rather an exception than a rule. So I suggest to correct or delete this chapter as long as there are no references to original information. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.178.146.82 (talk) 10:56, 30 November 2012 (UTC)

Text reformulated - tag to be removed
I have substantially reformulated the article. I hope that Wiki standard quality can be achieved from this point by further incremental improvemnets. MGTom 00:41, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

Transwiki tag removed. MGTom 08:24, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

UK standard spark spread 49.13% efficiency
I have previously deleted a mention of a standard efficiency used for spark spread calcularion: 49.13%. Now I have found confirmation of the figure as used by Argus consultants. The origin of this odd figure remains to be documented. The Dutch standard efficiency is 50%, which seems reasonable - why use odd numbers if they do not bring any real content? (Occams razor) MGTom 08:11, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

I wonder if it is due to the fact the Dutch use the LCV for gas, whereas the Brits use HCV = there is a 10 % difference...Engineman 22:03, 9 November 2006 (UTC) @100% efficiency, 1 th ≈ 29.30710701583 kWh; and @49.1348395193765% efficiency, 100k th is 1440 MWh, which is 60MW on Adrian Peterson. I don’t think he is Dutch though. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.198.106.110 (talk) 05:25, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

 * "In reality, each gas-fired plant has a different fuel efficiency, but 49.13% is used as a standard in the UK market because it provides an easy conversion between gas and power volumes (25,000 therms of gas = 15 MWh of energy). The spark spread value is therefore the power price minus the gas cost divided by 0.4913, i.e. Spark Spread = Power Price – (Gas cost/0.4913)." - I dont get this explanation either. If a therm is 29.3 kWh, then 25000 therm of natural gas as fuel input equals 732.500 kWh. Multiplied with an efficiency of 49.13% that results in 359.877 kWh, i.e. 360 MWh and not 15 MWh. Can somebode give a better hint where the 49.13% are coming from. "15 MWh of energy" - is this electricity output or fuel input? --Gunnar (talk) 14:45, 25 February 2018 (UTC)

edit
I've taken the below sentence out since I don;t see the point being made, or if I do, I think it is erroneous.

Whether transmission and distribution costs are higher or lower depends on the location to which backup power has to be delivered.

The above is surely not true, or misses the point. The point trying to be made is, what does the National Grid itself cost - answer - unequivocally about 0.2p p / kWh on all units, so if you are forced to double it for whatever reason, you might expect to incur costs of about 0.2p p / kWh on all units.

Wind farms always have to quote and allow for their costs of connecting to the grid so the sentence seems to me to be irrelleavnt or missing the point....

I think without the explicit calculation of the cost the whole point is lost.

Happy to be proved wrong.....Engineman 14:42, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

Changes of Dec. 2, 2023
Greetings Wikipedians! I found an equation that was not accompanied by a citation to a reliable source. So I added a simpler equation that I could support (in text, since I'm not proficient in math notation). In researching this, I found that it's more complex than the earlier text indicated (e.g. hedge ratios), so I addressed that with additional text and a citation. Comments are welcome. Cordially, BuzzWeiser196 (talk) 19:36, 2 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spark spread


text:
Gore Canyon

Gore Canyon, elevation 6985 ft, is a short isolated canyon on the upper Colorado River in southwestern Grand County, Colorado in the United States. Steep and rugged, the approximately 3 mi gorge was carved by the river as it passed the northern end of the Gore Range southwest of Kremmling. The Colorado descends from approximately 7300 ft to approximately 7000 ft over the length of the canyon. The steep walls ascend approximately 1000 ft on either side. The canyon effectively marks the southwestern end of the Middle Park basin in north-central Colorado.

Accessibility
The canyon is roadless and inaccessible by most traffic, except for the Union Pacific Railroad's Moffat Tunnel Subdivision and whitewater boats. Despite the short length, the canyon presented a formidable obstacle for the railroad, and the building of the line through it was considered a monumental engineering achievement in its day. Although the canyon is not directly accessible by roads, it is possible to view part of the canyon from the Grand County road (CR 1, or Trough Road) that passes along its southern rim, as part of the Colorado River Headwaters National Scenic Byway. The California Zephyr also travels through the canyon.

Whitewater
Gore Canyon is also famous for its wild class V whitewater. "Captain" Samuel Adams considered it unnavigable by boat during his expedition in the 19th century. The construction of the railroad has added boulders and other hazards that have since made the river even more difficult.

Today, expert kayakers and rafters frequent the canyon, and now even hold a river festival including races and other river celebrations.The Gore Canyon Whitewater Festival is held every year on the third Saturday of August and is also the host of the US National White Water Rafting Championship. Gore Canyon was first rafted in the 1970s, and now is even available as a commercial river raft trip. Historically the canyon has been run commercially by multiple companies including Timberline adventures, Arkansas Valley Adventure(AVA), and Liquid Descent. Currently the canyon is run commercially by Liquid Descent. Most outfitters agree that Gore Canyon's whitewater is the wildest commercially available whitewater rafting in the state of Colorado, and perhaps in the nation. Those who are brave enough to raft or kayak Gore Canyon will run rapids such as Gore Rapid, Pyrite, and Tunnel Falls. This is true wild water, so for those who are not expert river runners, Gore Canyon is considered a very dangerous section of the Colorado River.

Wildlife
The canyon is home to pronghorn, bald eagles, and the Colorado River hosts varieties of trout. In 2009, a small herd of bighorn sheep were released in Gore Canyon by the Colorado Parks and Wildlife. This added to an existing herd to help boost the population after declines due to competition with domestic animals, hunting, and disease.

title: Gore Canyon


text:
Talk:Spiritual awakening

Articles for Deletion debate
This article was redirected to Religious experience as a result of an Articles for Deletion debate. The discussion can be found here. -Splash talk 00:34, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

== Restore this page =

Having looked at the reason as to why this article was merged with 'religous experience', it seems that a previous contributor blurred the distinction between a religious experience as opposed to a spiritual awakening.

The term spiritual awakening is most commonly found within 12 step recovery material, it is certainly distinct from any form of religous experience, as 12 step fellowships all clearly state that their programmes of recovery are NOT religious.

So not only are we not talking here about religion, neither are we talking about an 'experience' but an 'awakening', the inference being that we are returning to a previous state, not some new, previously non-existant state.

The ethos of 12 step reovery is such that it allows a wide and personal interpretation of the term spiritual, thus definition becomes difficult and open to debate.

From a personal perspective spiritual awakening involves a new or re-newd awareness of spirit or soul, recognition that as a human being i am not a discreet, essentially solitary entity but part of a universal system of existence. Thereby realising I no longer have to be at odds with the universe constantly and unsuccesfully seeking to control everything, but can accept the 'bigger picture' —Preceding unsigned comment added by Garuda77 (talk • contribs) 22:43, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spiritual awakening


text:
R40

R40, R-40, or similar, may refer to:

Roads

 * R40 road (Belgium)
 * R40 road (Ghana)
 * R40 (South Africa)

Other uses

 * R-40 (missile), a Soviet air-to-air missile
 * R40 (New York City Subway car)
 * Chloromethane, a refrigerant
 * R40: Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect, a risk phrase
 * R40 Live Tour, a 2015 tour by Canadian rock band Rush
 * R40 series of preferred numbers
 * Renault R40, a French tank
 * Rover 75, an executive car
 * Samsung Sens R40, a laptop
 * Toyota TownAce (R40), a Japanese van
 * R40, a Ferris wheel designed by Ronald Bussink

title: R40


text:
2005 Albanian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Albania on 3 July 2005. The result was a victory for the opposition Democratic Party (PD) and its allies, prominently the Republican Party (PR). Former president Sali Berisha became prime minister as a result of the election.

Electoral system
The 140 members of parliament were elected using the mixed-member proportional representation. Voters elected 100 deputies directly from constituencies and 40 from party lists.

Conduct
The proper conduct of the election was seen as crucial in maintaining Albania's eventual EU hopes. For the most part, election day was peaceful, but OSCE monitors said that the poll only partially complied with international standards, citing disorganization, improper procedures and "a few violent incidents." The Central Election Commission (CEC) received over 300 complaints.

Monitors from the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe called the election a “disappointment,” saying it failed to comply with international standards because of “serious irregularities,” intimidation, vote-buying and “violence committed by extremists on both sides.”

Results
On 14 July the CEC released final results for 97 constituencies as well as the tentative national proportional results. The clear winners were the Democratic Party and its allies, though with many close constituency races between the PD and the governing Socialist Party of Albania (PSSh). The only party to win both proportional and constituency-level seats was the Socialist Movement for Integration (LSI) of former prime minister Ilir Meta, as Meta himself won the party's lone constituency mandate. Despite this, the LSI did not fulfill pre-election expectations that it might emerge as a dealmaker in the next parliament.

title: 2005 Albanian parliamentary election


text:
R42

R42 or R-42 may refer to:

Roads

 * R42 (Belgium)
 * R42 (South Africa)

Other uses

 * R42 (New York City Subway car)
 * HMS Undine (R42), a destroyer of the Royal Navy
 * Junkers R 42, a transport aircraft
 * R42: May cause sensitisation by inhalation, a risk phrase
 * Sidolówka, a Polish hand grenade
 * Spectre R42, a British sports car

title: R42


text:
R44

R44 may refer to:
 * R44 (New York City Subway car)
 * R44 (South Africa)
 * HMS Lagos (R44), a destroyer of the Royal Navy
 * R44: Risk of explosion if heated under confinement, a risk phrase
 * Robinson R44, a helicopter
 * CCITT R.44, a telex standard

title: R44


text:
R46

R46 or R-46 may refer to:

Roads

 * R46 expressway (Czech Republic), now the D46 motorway
 * R46 (South Africa)

Other uses

 * R-46 (missile), a Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile
 * R46 (New York City Subway car)
 * Escadrille R46, a unit of the French Air Force
 * R46: May cause heritable genetic damage, a risk phrase

title: R46


text:
Republic of China Marine Corps

The Republic of China Marine Corps (ROCMC; historically as the Chinese Marine Corps, colloquially the Taiwanese Marine Corps) is the amphibious arm of the Republic of China Navy (ROCN) responsible for amphibious warfare, counter-landing and reinforcement of the areas under the jurisdiction of the Republic of China (ROC), including the island of Taiwan, Kinmen, and the Matsu Islands, and defense of ROCN facilities, also functioning as a rapid reaction force and a strategic reserve capable of amphibious assaults.

Established in 1914 on Mainland China, the ROCMC is considered the most selective branch within the ROC Armed Forces. The ROC Marines have gained much publicity for the "Road to Heaven" phase of one of their training courses which is the final phase of the 10-week long selection program for their special forces, the Amphibious Reconnaissance and Patrol Unit.

The ROC Marine Corps' official motto is "Forever Loyal", the Chinese translation of "Semper Fidelis". The ROC Marines train with the USMC though these are generally classified, unofficial, or with trainees officially considered by either side as "observers."

Organization
The main force of the ROC Marine Corps consists of two Marine Brigades assisted by the Amphibious Vehicle Group, along with the Amphibious Reconnaissance and Patrol Unit, with the latter being comparable to the USMC Force Reconnaissance. There used to be three brigades, but one was disbanded in 2013.

Structure

 * Marine Corps Command (海軍陸戰隊指揮部)
 * Combat Support Group (戰鬥支援大隊): formed in 2010 with the Logistics Group and the Communications, Information, Electronic Warfare Group. In 2013 the Corps HQ Battalion was added to the Support Group. It provides logistical, engineering, medical, and military band services to the Marine Corps.
 * Support Squadron (支援中隊), formerly the Corps HQ battalion (隊部營)
 * Health company (衛生連)
 * Honor guard company (儀隊連)
 * Security guard company (警衛連)
 * Logistics company (輜汽連)
 * 272nd Company of the Marine Corps Military Police (陸戰憲兵第二七二連)
 * Military band (軍樂隊)
 * Amphibious Armor Group (登陸戰車大隊): created in 1997 from the 651st Regiment, and currently has four transport, two artillery, and one support squadron. The transport vehicles used are the AAV7 and LVTP-5.
 * 4 Amphibious Transport Squadrons (運輸中隊), includes two AAV7 squadrons.
 * 2 Amphibious Artillery Squadrons (砲兵中隊)
 * Support Squadron (支援中隊)
 * Amphibious Reconnaissance and Patrol Unit (海軍陸戰隊兩棲偵搜大隊): Formed in 1997 and nicknamed "Frogmen," it is regarded as the ROC Marine Corps counterpart to MARSOC or Force Reconnaissance. Over half of the 600 troops of this unit are aboriginal Taiwanese.
 * 3 Reconnaissance Companies (偵搜中隊)
 * 1 Special Service Company (特勤中隊) (中華民國海軍陸戰隊特勤隊): the primarily counterterrorism related special unit of the ARP.
 * 1 Underwater Demolition Company (爆破中隊): equivalent of the U.S. Navy SEALs. Transferred to the Marine Corps Command from the ROC Navy in 2005.
 * 1 Support Company (支援中隊)
 * 66th Marine Brigade 'Vanguard' (陸戰六六旅「先鋒部隊」), Taipei area
 * 99th Marine Brigade 'Iron Force' (陸戰九九旅「鐵軍部隊」), Kaohsiung
 * Air Defense Group (防空警衛群)
 * Wuchiu Garrison Command (烏坵守備大隊)
 * Armed Force Joint Operation Training Base (三軍聯合作戰訓練基地)
 * Marine Corps Recruit Training Center (海軍陸戰隊新兵訓練中心)
 * Marine Corps School (海軍陸戰隊學校): providing both officer and non-commissioned officer education.

Founding and early Republic
In 1909, the government of the Qing dynasty sent the Minister of the Navy, Zaixun, to study Western navies. Based on his findings in Britain, and noting the lack of coordination between China's ground and naval forces during the First Sino-Japanese War, he recommended to the Qing court that a naval land force be created to defend naval facilities and capture strategic locations. An effort was made to create a Naval Guard Corps at a base in Shandong, but it was still in the early stages of development when the 1911 Revolution broke out. With the establishment of the Republic of China, the Naval Guard Corps was under the control of the Beiyang government. During the Revolution, several Chinese naval cadets studying Japan returned to participate in the fighting, and became part of a small "Marine Corps" organized by the revolutionary governor of Shanghai, Chen Qimei. It had several hundred members and fought against Qing forces before being disbanded when the emperor abdicated. During the presidency of Yuan Shikai, the original Naval Guard Corps was redeployed from Shandong to Shanghai and was used to suppress the Second Revolution in 1913.

In December 1914, the Naval Guard Corps was reformed as the Republic of China Marine Corps by the Ministry of the Navy, on the recommendation of Admiral Liu Guanxiong, to better protect the Chinese coast. The ROCMC consisted of one battalion organized into four infantry companies, and was stationed in Fujian. A second battalion was added in 1918. From that point the Marine Corps was under the direct command of the Navy Ministry in Beijing. During the early Republic, the marines provided security at naval bases, and suffered from the same lack of pay and resources as the rest of the Navy because of the political division and warlordism. In 1922, a marine battalion was involved in operations against bandits in Fujian. In January 1923, a Marine Corps Command was created there by the Navy Ministry, and the Corps was expanded over the next several years to continue maintaining order in Fujian, with the 1st Mixed Brigade of the Marine Corps being created later that year. The brigade had four regiments along with artillery and machine gun battalions. Also during the warlord era, the Fengtien clique in northeast China and the forces of Sun Yat-sen's alternative government in the south also created marine units, but they never reached the strength of the main ROC Marine Corps in Fujian, which was loyal to the Beiyang government.

In 1925, the Navy Ministry under the admirals Lin Jianzhang and Du Xigui ordered the downsizing of the Marine Corps, with the 1st Marine Mixed Brigade being abolished in October, though was restored in January 1926 by Admiral Yang Shuzhuang and again participated in operations. When the Northern Expedition began, the Marine Corps in Fujian defected to the KMT National Revolutionary Army forces under He Yingqin, along with other elements of the Beiyang Fleet. In December 1926, the Marine Corps of the NRA was established. The marines fought with the National Revolutionary Army in 1927, and under Admiral Yang Shuzhuang the Corps was expanded to fight against warlords in the Fujian province, by incorporating the 11th Mixed Brigade of the former Beiyang forces. In August two Marine Mixed Brigades and four independent regiments were created. A Marine unit was deployed for the campaign against the Zhili clique warlord Sun Chuanfang in the Yangtze River valley, while other units were continuing operations in Fujian. By 1928, the Marine Corps absorbed additional units and had more than doubled in size, consisting of two mixed brigades and six regiments, which were stationed at different locations along the Fujian coast.

The new Nationalist government reduced the size of the ROC Marine Corps in 1928 to save costs, with the independent regiments being combined into the two existing brigades. As of 1931, the two Marine brigades together had a total of over 14,412 personnel. Each brigade had two infantry regiments of three battalions each, and one artillery battalion. Around this time a Marine Corps General Command was established in Fujian to oversee their operations. In July 1933 the Ministry of the Navy issued the "Provisional Regulations for the Organization of the Marine Corps," which described the structure of a marine brigade as two infantry regiments, an artillery battery, and some support units.

Second Sino-Japanese War
During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the ROC Marine Corps was used to defend railroads, waterways, highways, and the coastline. During the war the Navy was used to support land operations, and it lost much of its personnel, which were made up for by transferring marines to the Navy.

After the Marco Polo Bridge incident in July 1937 that started the Second Sino-Japanese War, Japanese troops landed in Zhejiang province in September. The ROC 3rd Marine Regiment from the 2nd Marine Brigade was deployed to Zhejiang to defend Hangzhou, but the city had fallen by then, so the regiment stayed in Jinhua and Quzhou to defend those cities together with the Army. The 1st Marine Brigade was sent to Jiangxi province. In January 1938, the Military Commission ordered a reduction in the size of the Navy, including the Marine Corps, because of the war with Japan. The total number of marines is estimated to have been around 7,000. Later that month a regiment of the 1st Marine Brigade was deployed to stop Japanese landings along the Yangtze River, before being sent back to Jiangxi in February. In the spring of 1938 both marine brigades were used by the Navy Headquarters to defend the section of the Guangzhou–Hankou railway in the Hunan and Hubei. In 1939 the 1st Marine Brigade were used against bandits in western Hunan, and for the next several years the marines were used often for maintaining order in the border region of Hunan, Guizhou, and Sichuan. The 4th Marine Regiment was the only marine unit to remain in Fujian.

At the end of the war, the Chinese government decided to disband the Marine Corps. Admiral Chen Shaokuan, the head of the Navy, tried to prevent it and delayed implementing the order, arguing that the marines were needed to defend certain naval bases. But eventually the order was carried out. Several Marine units were merged into the Army. In July 1946, the disbanding of the Marine Corps was completed.

Chinese Civil War
The commander of the Republic of China Navy in the late 1940s, Admiral Gui Yongqing, decided to recreate the ROC Marine Corps on 1947 after speaking to the U.S. Marine general Gerald C. Thomas in Qingdao. Gui worked with the U.S. forces in East Asia, and after his return to China he thought the ROC Navy would benefit from having marines. He chose soldiers and officers from the Republic of China Army to become the members of the Marine Corps, and it was expanded over then next several years by additional volunteers from the Army. September 16, 1947, is considered to be the founding date of the current ROC Marine Corps.

The initial force of marines, a battalion commanded by Yang Houcai, was stationed in Nanjing before going to Shanghai later that year, and were deployed along the coast at different locations. Admiral Gui organized recruitment efforts for the Corps in the coastal cities of China. The reconstituted Marine Corps was organized into three regiments, with the 1st Marine Regiment being established in 1948 in Mawei, Fujian. As the communists made advances, a 2nd Marine Regiment was created by the Navy towards the end of 1948, and a 3rd Regiment in January 1949. They were deployed in coastal regions and some of the offshore islands of China. An artillery unit was transferred to the ROCMC from the Army. In March 1949 the three regiments, the artillery regiment, and Navy security forces were combined into the 2nd Marine Division.

By the late spring of 1949, two Marine Divisions of three regiments each were organized under a Marine Corps Command. They participated in fighting the Communists for the Zhoushan Islands of the Zhejiang Province, including at the Battle of Dengbu Island, and the for the Wanshan Archipelago, in the Wanshan Archipelago Campaign. In August 1949, about 1,000 Marines from the 2nd Regiment of the 1st Division defended the Changshan Islands in Shandong Province from 30,000 Communist troops, where they fought to the death. Marines also saw action in Mawei, Fujian, and elsewhere. In 1950, elements of the 2nd Marine Brigade helped in the evacuation of Hainan.

Taiwan
After the Nationalist Chinese retreat from the mainland to Taiwan in 1949, the expanded ROC Marine Corps was downsized by the government, from 18,563 to 13,713 personnel. The two Marine divisions were reformed into brigades.

When the Korean War broke out, the U.S. decided to provide assistance to the Chinese military on Taiwan, signing a mutual assistance agreement. The entire ROC Armed Forces, including the Marines, were heavily influenced by the U.S. military in the 1950s. The value of having a force that specialized in amphibious warfare became more obvious once the Nationalist Chinese government was on Taiwan. The task of the ROC Marine Corps would be to launch an amphibious invasion of the mainland and establish a bridgehead that would be used by the ROC Army. Now being given an important role, the Marines were expanded and trained to be an elite force with help from the United States.

In 1951, USMC Major Robert B. Carney Jr. became the American advisor to the Commandant of the ROCMC, General Zhou Yuhuan, as part of the military assistance to Taiwan (ROC) from the United States under the Mutual Security Act. The American advisory mission was later expanded, and they helped the Chinese Nationalists restructure the ROCMC, consisting of several brigades that were similar to a regimental combat team. The Corps took on a structure that was similar to a U.S. Marine division with additional support units. Around this time the service adopted its insignia with a map of China on a globe, an anchor, and a 12-point KMT White Sun emblem above them. The ROCMC also received American equipment and training from the advisors. The Marine Corps School was established for officer training in 1952. The U.S. and the ROC Marine Corps held a joint amphibious warfare exercise known as "Marine Roar" in September 1958, during the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis.

The crisis began when the ROC-controlled Kinmen Islands off the coast of Fujian Province were attacked by Communist artillery fire from August 23, 1958. The ROC Marine Corps' LVT units were used to deliver supplies to the population of the islands, starting on September 10. Over the course of three months, the marines continued bringing supplies to the Kinmen Islands under Chinese Communist artillery fire, and helped prevent the takeover of the islands by the PRC. For this they were awarded a banner by President Chiang Kai-shek.

In January 1955, the ROCMC 1st Marine Division was reestablished by combining an Army division with one of the two Marine brigades. In 1956 General Luo Youlun became the commandant of the ROCMC. He made an effort to establish standardized Marine uniforms, a flag, and an officer training program, and also made "Forever Loyal" the motto of the Marine Corps. Up until that point, the Marines had used Army and Navy uniforms. In 1966 the 2nd Marine Division was created by combining the remaining Marine brigade with an Army division. After this, the ROCMC had 37,543 personnel. In 1975 the 1st and 2nd Marine Divisions were briefly re-designated the 36th and 54th, respectively, and then they became 66th and 99th Marine Divisions in 1976. Another division, the 77th Marine Division, was created from a former training base in 1979. The 77th Division was short lived, being disbanded in 1984. In 1986, the Marine Corps School was merged with the Marine Corps NCO School.

During the Vietnam War, in 1966 the U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, considered deploying an ROC Marine brigade to assist the South Vietnamese forces, but this was not implemented for political reasons. The ROC later deployed other troops to Vietnam.

In 1950, the Amphibious Reconnaissance and Patrol Unit, tasked with collecting intelligence for the senior command through amphibious operations, was established as a recon detachment with each of the two Marine Brigade headquarters, having 20 members per detachment. They received specialized amphibious recon training. In 1955, when the 2nd Marine Brigade was expanded into the 1st Marine Division of the ROCMC, its detachment was upgraded to an amphibious reconnaissance company attached to the division HQ battalion. In 1966 the 2nd Marine Division was created, and a second amphibious recon company was also made. In 1969 the companies were increased to battalion size. In 1996 they were merged as the 105th Amphibious Reconnaissance and Patrol Battalion under the Marine Corps Headquarters, and a recon company was established in each division.

In 1997, the 66th Marine Division's recon company was combined with the 105th Battalion to form the Amphibious Reconnaissance and Patrol Unit. In 2001 the 99th Marine Division's recon company joined the unit as well. In 2005 the ROC Navy's Underwater Demolition Team (equivalent of the U.S. Navy SEALs) was combined with the ARP.

In 1997 the government decided to downsize the military, including the Marine Corps. As of January 1998, around the start of the ROC government's military reduction plan, the Marine Corps consisted of the 66th and 99th Marine Divisions, the Amphibious Reconnaissance and Patrol Unit, the Landing Vehicle Group, the 652nd Regiment, the recruit training center, the Marine Corps School, the headquarters battalion, communications battalion, guard battalion, and three garrison commands in the ROC-administered islands (Wuqiu, Dongsha, and Nansha), with a total of 22,247 personnel. The two divisions were reorganized as the 66th and 99th Marine Brigades. Several units from the former 66th Division were used to organize the Marine Base Guard Brigade, which became the 77th Marine Brigade in 2005. Also in 2005, the Marine Corps Headquarters became the Marine Corps Command. In 2013, the 77th Marine Brigade was disbanded, and some of its units were reorganized as an Air Defense Group. During the administration of President Ma Ying-jeou, the Corps was reduced from 16,000 to 9,000 marines, and in 2014 there was a proposal to disband it altogether.

Over the decades, the mission of the ROCMC changed from leading an invasion of the Mainland to defending Taiwan and its offshore islands, especially by disrupting PRC amphibious operations. Because of Taiwan's lack of relations with foreign militaries since 1979, in the 21st century the ROCMC remains a heavily mechanized force that is not very mobile, like the United States Marine Corps of the late 1970s, before the USMC placed more emphasis on maneuver warfare and started using the marine air–ground task force. The ROCMC does not have its own aviation. Despite this, the Marine Corps is capable of reinforcing offshore islands and serving in the role of power projection.

In 2017, the "Marine Roar" annual training exercise between the ROCMC and the USMC was revived. It took place from 1958 until being suspended in 1979, when the U.S. ended its diplomatic relations with the ROC. Since 2017 the assistance that Taiwan's armed forces have been getting from the U.S. has increased. In 2020 the annual month long training exercise held by the ROC Marine Corps with members of the U.S. Marine Raider Regiment was conducted publicly for the first time since 1979.

Also in 2020, Taiwanese troops from the 99th Marine Brigade were deployed to Pratas Island (Dongsha) to support the Coast Guard there as reports came out that the People's Liberation Army Navy was planning war games in the region simulating the amphibious invasion of an island. In 2021, marines from the 99th Brigade traveled to Guam where they participated in annual training with the U.S. Marine Corps.

In 2023, the 99th Marine Brigade was part of the "Evergreen" military drill with the 269th Mechanized Brigade of the Republic of China Army (ROCA), supervised by the 10th Army Corps, to simulate an invading force while the Army troops were on the defensive.

Equipment
The International Institute of Strategic Studies reported the ROC Marine Corps has 100 main battle tanks (M60A3) and over 200 amphibious assault vehicles of different types, as of 2023.

Its inventory of amphibious vehicles includes the U.S. LVTP-5, which date back to the Korean War. Because this model is no longer produced, there have been problems with maintenance and obtaining spare parts. In the 1990s, the Marine Corps began the process of acquiring more modern AAV7 vehicles from the United States, receiving the first ones in 2006.

Personnel
The ROC Marine Corps has developed a strong ethos and a high level of professionalism. In the Marine Corps, it is considered that the title of Marine is held for life. Like other branches of Taiwan's Armed Forces, it includes conscripts performing the mandatory national service (which was extended from four months to twelve starting in 2024), though the Marine Corps receives less conscripts than any other branch.

Basic training for enlisted marines is eight weeks. Marine officers and non-commissioned officers have to attend the Marine Corps School.

Commissioned officer ranks
The rank insignia of commissioned officers.

Other ranks
The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel.

title: Republic of China Marine Corps


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