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Admissible decision rule

In statistical decision theory, an admissible decision rule is a rule for making a decision such that there is no other rule that is always "better" than it (or at least sometimes better and never worse), in the precise sense of "better" defined below. This concept is analogous to Pareto efficiency.

Definition
Define sets $$\Theta\,$$, $$\mathcal{X}$$ and $$\mathcal{A}$$, where $$\Theta\,$$ are the states of nature, $$\mathcal{X}$$ the possible observations, and $$\mathcal{A}$$ the actions that may be taken. An observation of $$x \in \mathcal{X}\,\!$$ is distributed as $$F(x\mid\theta)\,\!$$ and therefore provides evidence about the state of nature $$\theta\in\Theta\,\!$$. A decision rule is a function $$\delta:{\mathcal{X}}\rightarrow {\mathcal{A}}$$, where upon observing $$x\in \mathcal{X}$$, we choose to take action $$\delta(x)\in \mathcal{A}\,\!$$.

Also define a loss function $$L: \Theta \times \mathcal{A} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$$, which specifies the loss we would incur by taking action $$a \in \mathcal{A}$$ when the true state of nature is $$\theta \in \Theta$$. Usually we will take this action after observing data $$x \in \mathcal{X}$$, so that the loss will be $$L(\theta,\delta(x))\,\!$$. (It is possible though unconventional to recast the following definitions in terms of a utility function, which is the negative of the loss.)

Define the risk function as the expectation

 * $$R(\theta,\delta)=\operatorname{E}_{F(x\mid\theta)}[{L(\theta,\delta(x))]}.\,\!$$

Whether a decision rule $$\delta\,\!$$ has low risk depends on the true state of nature $$\theta\,\!$$. A decision rule $$\delta^*\,\!$$ dominates a decision rule $$\delta\,\!$$ if and only if $$R(\theta,\delta^*)\le R(\theta,\delta)$$ for all $$\theta\,\!$$, and the inequality is strict for some $$\theta\,\!$$.

A decision rule is admissible (with respect to the loss function) if and only if no other rule dominates it; otherwise it is inadmissible. Thus an admissible decision rule is a maximal element with respect to the above partial order. An inadmissible rule is not preferred (except for reasons of simplicity or computational efficiency), since by definition there is some other rule that will achieve equal or lower risk for all $$\theta\,\!$$. But just because a rule $$\delta\,\!$$ is admissible does not mean it is a good rule to use. Being admissible means there is no other single rule that is always as good or better – but other admissible rules might achieve lower risk for most $$\theta\,\!$$ that occur in practice. (The Bayes risk discussed below is a way of explicitly considering which $$\theta\,\!$$ occur in practice.)

Bayes rules
Let $$\pi(\theta)\,\!$$ be a probability distribution on the states of nature. From a Bayesian point of view, we would regard it as a prior distribution. That is, it is our believed probability distribution on the states of nature, prior to observing data. For a frequentist, it is merely a function on $$\Theta\,\!$$ with no such special interpretation. The Bayes risk of the decision rule $$\delta\,\!$$ with respect to $$\pi(\theta)\,\!$$ is the expectation

 * $$r(\pi,\delta)=\operatorname{E}_{\pi(\theta)}[R(\theta,\delta)].\,\!$$

A decision rule $$\delta\,\!$$ that minimizes $$r(\pi,\delta)\,\!$$ is called a Bayes rule with respect to $$\pi(\theta)\,\!$$. There may be more than one such Bayes rule. If the Bayes risk is infinite for all $$\delta\,\!$$, then no Bayes rule is defined.

Generalized Bayes rules
In the Bayesian approach to decision theory, the observed $$x\,\!$$ is considered fixed. Whereas the frequentist approach (i.e., risk) averages over possible samples $$x \in \mathcal{X}\,\!$$, the Bayesian would fix the observed sample $$x\,\!$$ and average over hypotheses $$\theta \in \Theta\,\!$$. Thus, the Bayesian approach is to consider for our observed $$x\,\!$$ the expected loss

 * $$\rho(\pi,\delta \mid x)=\operatorname{E}_{\pi(\theta \mid x)} [ L(\theta,\delta(x)) ]. \,\!$$

where the expectation is over the posterior of $$\theta\,\!$$ given $$x\,\!$$ (obtained from $$\pi(\theta)\,\!$$ and $$F(x\mid\theta)\,\!$$ using Bayes' theorem).

Having made explicit the expected loss for each given $$x\,\!$$ separately, we can define a decision rule $$\delta\,\!$$ by specifying for each $$x\,\!$$ an action $$\delta(x)\,\!$$ that minimizes the expected loss. This is known as a generalized Bayes rule with respect to $$\pi(\theta)\,\!$$. There may be more than one generalized Bayes rule, since there may be multiple choices of $$\delta(x)\,\!$$ that achieve the same expected loss.

At first, this may appear rather different from the Bayes rule approach of the previous section, not a generalization. However, notice that the Bayes risk already averages over $$\Theta\,\!$$ in Bayesian fashion, and the Bayes risk may be recovered as the expectation over $$\mathcal{X}$$ of the expected loss (where $$x\sim\theta\,\!$$ and $$\theta\sim\pi\,\!$$). Roughly speaking, $$\delta\,\!$$ minimizes this expectation of expected loss (i.e., is a Bayes rule) if and only if it minimizes the expected loss for each $$x \in \mathcal{X}$$ separately (i.e., is a generalized Bayes rule).

Then why is the notion of generalized Bayes rule an improvement? It is indeed equivalent to the notion of Bayes rule when a Bayes rule exists and all $$x\,\!$$ have positive probability. However, no Bayes rule exists if the Bayes risk is infinite (for all $$\delta\,\!$$). In this case it is still useful to define a generalized Bayes rule $$\delta\,\!$$, which at least chooses a minimum-expected-loss action $$\delta(x)\!\,$$ for those $$x\,\!$$ for which a finite-expected-loss action does exist. In addition, a generalized Bayes rule may be desirable because it must choose a minimum-expected-loss action $$\delta(x)\,\!$$ for every $$x\,\!$$, whereas a Bayes rule would be allowed to deviate from this policy on a set $$X \subseteq \mathcal{X}$$ of measure 0 without affecting the Bayes risk.

More important, it is sometimes convenient to use an improper prior $$\pi(\theta)\,\!$$. In this case, the Bayes risk is not even well-defined, nor is there any well-defined distribution over $$x\,\!$$. However, the posterior $$\pi(\theta\mid x)\,\!$$—and hence the expected loss—may be well-defined for each $$x\,\!$$, so that it is still possible to define a generalized Bayes rule.

Admissibility of (generalized) Bayes rules
According to the complete class theorems, under mild conditions every admissible rule is a (generalized) Bayes rule (with respect to some prior $$\pi(\theta)\,\!$$—possibly an improper one—that favors distributions $$\theta\,\!$$ where that rule achieves low risk). Thus, in frequentist decision theory it is sufficient to consider only (generalized) Bayes rules.

Conversely, while Bayes rules with respect to proper priors are virtually always admissible, generalized Bayes rules corresponding to improper priors need not yield admissible procedures. Stein's example is one such famous situation.

Examples
The James–Stein estimator is a nonlinear estimator of the mean of Gaussian random vectors and can be shown to dominate the ordinary least squares technique with respect to a mean-squared-error loss function. Thus least squares estimation is not an admissible estimation procedure in this context. Some others of the standard estimates associated with the normal distribution are also inadmissible: for example, the sample estimate of the variance when the population mean and variance are unknown.

title: Admissible decision rule


text: File:Unbenannt.JPG

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Unbenannt.JPG


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Huozhou

Huozhou, formerly Huo County or Huoxian, is a county-level city in Linfen, in southern Shanxi Province, China. The city spans an area or 765 square kilometers, and has a population of 155,000 as of 2017.

Administrative divisions
Huozhou has jurisdiction over five subdistricts, four towns and three townships.

The city's subdistricts are (南环路街道),  (鼓楼街道),  (北环路街道),  (开元街道), and  (退沙街道).

The city's towns are (辛置镇),  (大张镇),  (白龙镇), and  (李曹镇).

The city's townships are (三教乡),  (师庄乡), and  (陶唐峪乡).

The city's administrative offices are located in Kaiyuan Subdistrict.

Geography
The city's altitude ranges from 516 to 2504.3 m in height. The Fen River runs through the city from north to south.

Climate
Huozhou has an annual average temperature of 12.2 °C, an annual precipitation averaging 437.3 mm, and an average of 2265.1 annual sunshine hours.

History
Present-day Huozhou was once part of the Ji Province of ancient China, when it was simply named Huo. During the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history, the city was conquered by Duke Xian of Jin in 661 BCE, and was subsequently renamed Huoyi. During the Yuan dynasty, the area received its current name, Huozhou.

During the Ming dynasty, the city was made a fief for second rank princely peerages.

Economy
Major agricultural products produced in Huozhou include wheat, corn, millet, soybeans, potatoes, apples, walnuts, cotton, sunflower oil, rapeseed, and various vegetables.

Huozhou's mineral deposits include iron, copper, aluminum, gold, limestone, dolomite, gypsum, refractory clay, phosphorus, sillimanite, kaolinite, pegmatite, quartz sand, barite, graphite, granite, Yixing clay,, pyrite, other types of clay, sand and gravel, rare earth minerals, energy mineral coal, mineral water. As of 2011, the city's coal reserves total 1.735 billion tons, and quartz sand reserves totalled 170 million tons.

Transport
The southern portion of the Datong–Puzhou railway and the G5 Beijing-Kunming Expressway both run through the city.

title: Huozhou


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Talk:Display PostScript

Disputed
I can't find an authoritative source, but every source I can find (and my own memory) says that Display Postscript was developed at Adobe, and that NextStep was just an early licensee. Even if I'm wrong about this, the vague language about how DPS became an Adobe product indicates nonverified facts, and needs to be resolved into something definite. ---Isaac R 21:26, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * From interviews (sorry, also don't have a source) with programmers at Adobe who were involved in creating Display Postscript, I suspect Adobe's programmers were subcontracting under NeXT and possibly even working from the NeXT offices during development of the project. I'm pretty sure it was a joint effort, with Adobe doing most of the work but NeXT deciding how it would work. NeXT didn't actually have much of its own staff, they did a lot of subcontracting as far as I can tell from people who were involved. NeXT themselves derived most of their income from consulting, so their workload varied significantly. They used subcontractors to handle changes in the workload as enterprise/government clients asked for changes/improvements to NeXT. --58.168.42.109 (talk) 22:27, 20 April 2014 (UTC)

DPS was created as a cooperative effort between Adobe and NeXT
I can speak with some authority on this since I did the Adobe side (see /http://theory.kitp.ucsb.edu/~paxton/ for more info on my history). One of my first projects at Adobe, when Steve Jobs was still at Apple and the first LaserWriter was yet to be born, was to make a display driver for PostScript so it could make images directly on the Sun workstation screen. I used that system to create a font outline editing system written in PostScript that we used to make the first Type 1 fonts. So there's a real sense in which "display PostScript" was created at Adobe long before NeXT existed.

But that early DPS wasn't at all up to the job of supporting something like NeXT Step. So there was lots of work still to be done when Jobs contacted Adobe and suggested a project with NeXT. Adobe provided sources for PostScript (except for the sensitive font module), technical support (me), and whatever changes needed from the Adobe side (me, again). The NeXT side of the project was to create something that would actually work for a product-quality, interactive, display based user interface. They did a brilliant job, and it was a pleasure working with them.

Many of the things learned in doing Display PostScript were introduced into the Level 2 version of PostScript. DPS was also an important step toward PDFs.

As to why Apple's Quartz uses PDF rather than DPS, I can only speculate (I was elsewhere when that was going on). My guess is that PDF is simply a better choice than DPS for purely technical reasons. It's not surprising that all the experience with PostScript eventually led Adobe to create something even better. And it's also not surprising that Apple recognized the fact.

--- Bill Paxton, 15 May 2005

Performance?
It was always my impression that even without licensing concerns, DisplayPDF is significantly faster than DPS. It deals with a simpler subset of instructions and doesn't have to be Turing complete. In other words, it's Teh Snappy.
 * Frankie 13:57, 2005 August 1 (UTC)
 * Display PDF (I think you mean Quartz, Apple's never called it Display PDF formally), while I don't know if it's faster, does offer other advantages. Like the fact that you can pretty much save directly to PDF from any print dialog, without firing up Acrobat. PDF has a lot of advantages as a document format over PostScript, which I've changed the article to reflect. 142.150.142.28 02:19, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Well considering that OS X was much slower at graphics than Rhapsody (I ran them both) the speed argument is, well, arguable. The differences in terms of "theoretical performance" seem limited IMHO, I doubt that the decoding in the interpreter represents any sort of real-world time compared to actually running the math and pushing the bits across the bus. As to the "advantages" of saving directly to PDF, one could of course do that with DPS as well. The two are very similar in concept, and generally trivial to convert between (with exceptions, of course).Maury 22:32, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

“While early versions of Postscript display systems were developed at Adobe, the full implementation of Display PostScript was developed in cooperation with Adobe Systems[…]” Shouldn’t the first “Adobe” be “NeXT”? “Modern full-color displays with no halftones have made this idea mostly obsolete.” As far as I can see, this is wrong. Quartz has patterns with phase shifting, which are basically the same thing. (The standard window background is an obvious example of a pattern.) -Ahruman 11:15, 28 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Fixed. Maury 22:32, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

NeWS and Display PostScript are complete different implementations of Adobe's PostScript specification
The sentence "the full implementation of Display PostScript was developed for Sun Microsystems' NeWS in 1986" is incorrect. NeWS was not Display PostScript. NeWS was an implementation of PostScript that rendered on the screen, implemented by James Gosling, David S H Rosenthal, and others at Sun, but Display PostScript is a totally distinct product that shares absolutely no code with NeWS. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Xardox (talk • contribs) 08:11, 20 February 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Display PostScript


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CCHS

CCHS may refer to:

Medical

 * Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, a disorder that results in respiratory arrest during sleep

Societies

 * Carleton County Historical Society, New Brunswick, Canada
 * Columbia County Historical Society, New York, United States

Canada

 * Carver Christian High School, Burnaby, British Columbia

United Kingdom

 * England
 * Carlisle and County High School for Girls (former grammar school), now Richard Rose Central Academy
 * Chatsmore Catholic High School, Goring-by-Sea, Worthing, West Sussex
 * Chelmsford County High School for Girls, Chelmsford, Essex
 * Clacton County High School, Clacton-on-Sea, Essex
 * Codsall Community High School, Codsall, Staffordshire
 * Colchester County High School for Girls, Colchester, Essex
 * Cramlington Learning Village, Cramlington, Northumberland

United States

 * Allentown Central Catholic High School, Pennsylvania
 * Camden Catholic High School, Cherry Hill, New Jersey
 * Cañon City High School, Cañon City, Colorado
 * Carroll County High School (Virginia)
 * Cathedral Catholic High School, San Diego, California
 * Central Cabarrus High School, Concord, North Carolina
 * Charleston Catholic High School, West Virginia
 * Charlotte Catholic High School, Charlotte, North Carolina
 * Cherry Creek High School, Greenwood Village, Colorado
 * Chicago Christian High School, Palos Heights, Illinois
 * Chicopee Comprehensive High School, Chicopee, Massachusetts
 * Chilton County High School, Clanton, Alabama
 * Christopher Columbus High School (Miami-Dade County), Florida
 * Clarke Central High School, Athens, Georgia
 * Clarke County High School (Berryville, Virginia), Berryville, Virginia
 * Clay-Chalkville High School, Clay, Alabama
 * Coal City High School, Illinois
 * Colleton County High School, Walterboro, South Carolina
 * Colonie Central High School, Colonie, New York
 * Colquitt County High School, Georgia
 * Communitas Charter High School, San Jose, California
 * Concord-Carlisle High School, Concord, Massachusetts
 * Conley-Caraballo High School, Hayward, California
 * Cooper City High School, Cooper City, Florida
 * Copper Canyon High School, Glendale, Arizona
 * Corner Canyon High School, Draper, Utah
 * Covenant Christian High School (Michigan)
 * Covington Catholic High School, Park Hills, Kentucky
 * Cross Creek High School, Augusta, Georgia
 * Cross County High School, Cross County, Arkansas
 * Culpeper County High School, Culpeper, Virginia
 * Culver City High School, Culver City, California
 * Culver Community High School, Culver, Indiana
 * Wheeling Central Catholic High School, Wheeling, West Virginia
 * Carbondale Community High School, Carbondale, Illinois
 * Culpeper County High School, Culpeper, Virginia

title: CCHS


text:
Peugeot 203

The Peugeot 203 is a small family car which was produced by the French car manufacturer Peugeot between 1948 and 1960.

The car was exhibited at the Paris Motor Show in 1947, but by then had already been under development for more than five years. Volume manufacturing was initially hampered by strikes and shortages of materials, but production got under way late in 1948, with buyers taking delivery of 203s from early 1949.

The 203 was Peugeot's first new model launched after World War II. During its twelve-year production run nearly 700,000 203s were assembled in Sochaux, France. Between the demise of the 202 in 1949 and the launch of the 403 in 1955, the 203 was the only model produced by Peugeot.

The body
The 203 was the first monocoque bodied production Peugeot. The car was eye catchingly modern and bore a marked resemblance to the American Chevrolet Fleetline fastback, although its wind cheating profile also reflected the streamlining trend apparent in some of Europe's more modern designs, including some of Peugeot's own 402 model, from the 1930s.

The 4-door saloon was the major seller, but from 1950 a commodious 4-door version (Commerciale) and a 6-seat (Familiale), with three rows of seats, were also offered on a wheelbase lengthened by 20 cm to 278 cm. By taking the trouble to extend the wheelbase for the estate and family versions, the company set a pattern which they would follow with several succeeding generations of large family Peugeot estates such as the 404 and 504.

In October 1952 the Paris Motor Show welcomed a modified 203 which now featured hinged quarter light windows on the front ends of the front doors and an enlarged rear window on the saloon versions. This upgrade also saw the removal of the speedometer from the centre of the dashboard to a position directly ahead of the driver.

Publicity shots from the early 1950s tend to avoid showing the rear of the car from the right side. That changes with 203s displayed at the 1953 Motor Show, after which the hitherto protruding fuel filler cap was sunk a couple of centimeters lower into the rear wing, and gained the protection of an opening flap set flush with the line of the bodywork.

Along with improvements to the existing cars, Peugeot introduced a 2-door 203 coupé at the end of 1952, although this was not as successful as hoped and quietly disappeared from the brochures a year later. There were several low volume cabriolet and coupé conversions produced by outside specialists in collaboration with Peugeot available during the 203's production run, though removing the roof from an early monocoque design necessitated extensive body strengthening which added to the car's weight and reduced the performance.

For a number years the leading edge of car's nose carried an angular, forward-leaning chrome lion bonnet ornament – the lion image being Peugeot's trade mark. That was removed for 1959, due to safety concerns, and the logo was incorporated into a baguette shaped flatter emblem on the car's nose.

A military variant was developed and presented to the military who showed little interest. The prototype was converted into a factory fire engine for the Peugeot plant.

Engine and running gear
The 1290 cc four-cylinder TM engine was unusual in its 'oversquare' cylinder dimensions, and was noted for the hemispherical form of the combustion chambers included in the light metal cylinder heads. At launch, a power output of 42 PS (41 hp) was claimed, which was increased in 1952 to 45 PS (44 hp) for the October 1952 Paris Motor Show. Peugeot advertising pointed out that the increase in power came without any penalty in terms of fuel economy or car tax (which was a function of the unchanged cylinder capacity). Reference was made to a change in cylinder design but there was no change in the compression ratio, which remained at 6.8:1. Advertised top speed increased accordingly, from 115 to 120 km/h: the longer estate versions were significantly slower. 0-60 time was 20 seconds, and fuel consumption was 20 - 35 mpgimp.

The column-mounted gear change controlled a four-speed manual gear box: power was delivered to the rear wheels using a propeller shaft driving through a worm-and-wheel gearset at the differential. Possibly the most significant upgrade occurred in March 1954 with a new four speed gear box featuring synchromesh on all forward speeds. Cars delivered between 1949 and 1954 came without synchromesh on the bottom ratio.

Suspension was independent up front byway of a transverse leaf spring, while the rear suspension was coil springs with Panhard rod.

Commercial
The 203 was a massive hit in France. In a move which under some conditions might be expected to have encouraged discounting of the predecessor model, the 203 was already depicted and advertised vigorously on the final page of the sales brochure distributed to potential purchasers of the Peugeot 202 in October 1947, nearly a year before the 203 could be offered for sale. There seems to have been a good deal of pent-up demand by the time the 203 was actually launched, and the practicality, price and reliability of the car wooed many motorists. 200 were coming off the production line each day by 1950, and that year the 203 achieved 34,012 domestic sales, commanding 19.5% of the French auto-market, where it was second only to the (far smaller and cheaper) Renault 4CV in terms of unit sales. Home market success was followed by the export of 203s, notably to West Germany.

Six years into its production run a growing body of data on second-hand sales became available. In early 1954 it was noted that in France the 203 lost value more slowly than any other French car generally available, thanks to a combination of virtues including a reliable, economical engine, well judged equipment levels including the sun roof, good manoeuvrability helped by an unusually tight turning circle (possible because of its "old-fashioned" rear-wheel drive lay-out), and not withstanding a rather unfriendly gear box which during the summer of 1954 would be replaced by Peugeot's new all-synchromesh "C2" transmission.

The strongest domestic manufacturers in the 1950s were Citroën and Renault who in the ten years after 1945 concentrated on different areas of the market from Peugeot. The success of the 203 was therefore a tribute both to the excellence of the product and to the absence from its sector, in its early years, of mainstream competitors. A powerful mainstream competitor appeared in 1951 with the launch of the Simca Aronde, but with the post-war economy finally beginning to experience useful growth there seems to have been ample capacity in the market for both cars. By 1955 when Panhard gained access to the Citroën dealership network, the 203 was well established in the market place and Peugeot themselves had moved beyond their one model policy. The 203 nevertheless continued to sell well till the end of the decade.

The end
The final Peugeot 203 rolled off the production line at the Peugeot Sochaux plant on Thursday, 25 February 1960. Three months later, at the end of May, the model disappeared from the price lists.

A month after the production of the last 203, Peugeot launched the 403-sept which was a version of their larger newer 403 model with the smaller 7CV (7 fiscal horsepower) engine from the 203. At the time of the 203's demise, this stripped down version of the Peugeot 403 was presented as the replacement for the 203, though it could be argued that the spacious front-wheel-drive 1300 cc Peugeot 304, which appeared only in 1969, or indeed the consecutively named Peugeot 204 more directly occupied the market niche which in the early 1950s the 203 had made its own.

Australian production
The 203 was released on the Australian market in September 1949. The 203 was also assembled in Australia, beginning in 1953, and thus becoming the first Peugeot model to enter production in that country.

Cape Town-Paris
This was the route taken by Andre Mercier and Charles de Cortanze in 1953, it was 15000 km and they performed it in a record time of 17 days. The event also sparked interest in the incredible fuel economy of the vehicle – a single tank lasted 900 km, even with the tough terrain.

In 2003 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the heroic journey, Didier Pijolet and Leigh Wootton both completed the feat in under a month. They were armed with their own 203s, one co-driver respectively and a film crew.

2006 Ampol Rerun
On April 23, 2006 in Sydney, about a dozen Peugeot 203 vehicles (together with other Peugeot models - 204, 403, 404) set off in the "Peugeot 2006 Round Australia Rerun". An event organised by Graham Wallis from the Peugeot Car Club of Victoria to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1956 Ampol Round Australia Trial which was won by Wilf Murrell and Allan Taylor in a Peugeot 403 sedan after covering 12000 mi of rugged Australian roads and tracks.

In 2003, Graham Wallis organised a 50th Anniversary Rerun of the 1953 Redex Round Australia Trial in which eleven Peugeot 203s started and ten finished. The 203 win in the original Redex Trial significantly raised the profile of Peugeot in post WW2 Australia.

title: Peugeot 203


text:
Burlington (federal electoral district)

Burlington is a federal electoral district in Halton Region, Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1979.

Geography
It consists of the southern part of the city of Burlington.

The riding serves downtown Burlington and the neighbourhoods of Aldershot, Maple, Freeman, Wellington Square, Dynes, Roseland, Longmoor, Shoreacres, Pinedale, Elizabeth Gardens, Palmer, Mountainside, Brant Hills, and Tyandaga in Burlington.

Demographics

 * According to the 2021 Canadian census

Languages: 79.0% English, 1.6% Spanish, 1.5% French, 1.2% Polish, 1.2% Arabic

Religions: 58.8% Christian (28.3% Catholic, 6.4% Anglican, 5.7% United Church, 2.3% Presbyterian, 2.1% Christian Orthodox, 1.1% Baptist, 12.9% other), 3.1% Muslim, 1.5% Hindu, 34.5% none

Median income: $48,000 (2020)

Average income: $66,100 (2020)

Upcoming federal election
The next federal election must be called on October 2, 2025, however the Prime Minister Justin Trudeau does have the authority to call the election whenever he wishes. Although recent polls indicate a massive majority win for the Conservatives if an election was called in the near future and a win in Burlington and other Halton ridings. Based on this data many Conservatives are interested in becoming the next elections conservative candidate for this newly created riding.

Conservative nomination election candidates
Conservatives within the riding vote on which person they want to represent them in the upcoming election as the next Conservative Candidate.

Declared:

 * Emily Brown Conservative Candidate in the 2021 Federal election for Burlington
 * Shaheryar Mian Businessman

Liberal Candidate
Potential:

 * Karina Gould MP for Burlington and Government House Leader

History
Burlington was created in 1976 from Halton—Wentworth.

This riding gained small territories from Halton and Ancaster—Dundas—Flamborough—Westdale during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

title: Burlington (federal electoral district)


text:
Talk:Kōban

neighbourhood police post
Surely this isn't a police box, as in a police call box, merely a neighbourhood police post, i.e. a smaller version of a police station where members of the public can seek help from a real person rather than using it to call for assistance? --khaosworks 21:29, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Which is what British police boxes originally were - officers actually used them to sit in to have their breaks, do paperwork, and be accessible to the public. So it is a police box as much as they were. -- Necrothesp 22:32, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

merge proposed

 * The following discussion is an archived debate. Please do not modify it.

Merge tag has been placed. I keep thinking to myself that if a Japanese user of the Japanese Wikipedia is reading the equivalent article over there and wants to see how a police box is described in English (by clicking on the English link on the left side of the Japanese article)...we'd be doing that user a great disservice by leading them to a page that only shows the Japanese version of things. --Roehl Sybing (talk) 04:13, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Since the merge proposal suggests discussing it at Talk:Police box, I've started a discussion section there. Fg2 (talk) 10:57, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

Square footage or square meterage
It would be ideal to add to the article how many square feet or meters a Koban typically is. Could anyone research this and add it? I tried to find it online but I'm having hard luck at it. Thanks. --70.179.185.102 (talk) 01:44, 27 October 2008 (UTC)

 * They vary widely, from small to larger. There is no one (or two or three) standard size. ··· 日本穣 ? · Talk to Nihonjoe 00:44, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Although this doesn't answer the question about floor space, a couple of photos in the Japanese Wikipedia give an idea of size by including patrol cars. In one photo, the patrol car is parked in an alcove in the side of the building, so you can compare the sizes pretty easily. Fg2 (talk) 00:55, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Here are some links to make it easy for you: here, here, and here. ··· 日本穣 ? · Talk to Nihonjoe 01:41, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

Street furniture?
I've removed the article Koban (police box) from Category:Street furniture, which contains things like street signs, fire hydrants, and mailboxes, but another user has repeatedly added it. In what sense is a kōban like a street sign, fire hydrant, or mailbox? Fg2 (talk) 21:07, 3 April 2009 (UTC)
 * All kōban I've seen are either in their own building (less common) or a small office within a larger building on the street (most common). They are not like the British police box, not even close. Therefore, they are not "street furniture" as far as I can tell (at least not any more than any other building on the street is "street furniture"). ··· 日本穣 ? · Talk to Nihonjoe 22:12, 3 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I should also note that kōban don't fit into any of the definitions of street furniture found in that article. They are small buildings (or small offices within other buildings). I've never seen a kōban that was any larger than a standard fast food restaurant, and usually they are a bit smaller than that (maybe 700 ft²). ··· 日本穣 ? · Talk to Nihonjoe 22:27, 3 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I agree that there is no reason for including this article in the "Street furniture" category. I wonder if the editor mistakenly assumes that kōban are like old British police boxes, although the difference ought to be immediately clear from actually reading the article. --DAJF (talk) 23:10, 3 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I've asked him to come participate here in the discussion. ··· 日本穣 ? · Talk to Nihonjoe 23:26, 3 April 2009 (UTC)
 * You've taken an accusatory tone against me on my talk page. A return to civility is in order if we're to continue. --SSBohio 14:24, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I apologize if you took it that way, but I was only stating the facts. You were engaged in an edit war to keep the category on the article (as evidenced by the history of the article). Therefore, you were trying to force the issue without attempting to discuss the issue. Instead of continuing to add the category, after the very first reversion you should have begun a discussion here on the talk page to find out why the category was being removed. I have not acted in an uncivil manner here. ··· 日本穣 ? · Talk to Nihonjoe 19:25, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
 * First, you accuse me of forcing the issue. Now you've accused me of edit warring.  If you feel that you have a case, you're free to make a complaint at WP:ANI.  As to why the category was being removed, the edit summary Fg2 provided explained why they felt it needed to be removed.  I do a fair amount of categorizing, and I don't do it arbitrarily.  This article is entitled Koban (police box); A police box is an item of street furniture.  Perhaps a koban is more of a police substation than a police box.  In any regard, even if my judgment was wrong, there's no need for anything beside civil dialogue. --SSBohio 21:23, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

One of the edit summaries explaining the inclusion in Category:Street furniture reads, "A koban is single-purpose street furniture similar to a police box or a public lavatory." This makes me agree with DAJF that there is confusion with British police boxes. While it's true that a kōban is single-purpose, it's also true of a grocery store or an office building, so I don't see that as a relevant criterion. I think it's true that free-standing kōban have addresses, and that this is one distinction from fire hydrants, street signs and phone booths. Fg2 (talk) 00:17, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

 * All kōban have addresses, even the ones that are just small offices inside other buildings. ··· 日本穣 ? · Talk to Nihonjoe 00:26, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Your minds appear made up. Who am I to contradict?  Just because a small, street-side structure containing 3 or 4 police officers doesn't appear all that different from a small street-side structure containing 1 or 2 police officers, why should I place them both in the same category?  Instead of reverting me, discussing the matter neutrally is what should've happened from the first.  Instead, every time I turn around, there's another attempt to decategorize this article, and, to add insult to injury, also revert the noncontroversial copyedit I made.  Are none of my edits of value?  Fg2 and  日本穣  would do well to assume I've acted in good faith and not assume that I am (a) wrong, (b) confused, or (c) a fool, by reverting my edits out of hand.  The handling of this smacks of article ownership, and was undertaken by the same editor who stridently opposed a previous effort to unite the two concepts, going so far as to materially misrepresent what a police box is in furtherance of keeping the two concepts utterly divorced from each other.  I have years of experience improving this project; It's rare that I've faces such concerted opposition over a seemingly minor point, particularly without the courtesy of a discussion.  As I've already been dismissed, minimized, and insulted, I'll say this: factually right or factually wrong, your tactics are deplorable. --SSBohio 14:24, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Did you read what I've been writing above? I specifically asked that reverting stop while this issue was resolved. I haven't reverted one of your edits at all. I presented information supporting why I don't see them as street furniture, and I asked you to come participate in a discussion rather than continuing your revert edit war. As for our minds being made up, since we've both lived in Japan (and Fg2 continues to live there, IIRC) and have seen hundreds (if not thousands) of kōban, I think we might know a thing or two about them. Now, I can see a police box or a telephone booth being seen as street furniture, but a building as big as a small fast food restaurant? Furniture is, by definition, somewhat portable. None of the kōban I've ever seen in many cities and towns in Japan come close to being moveable without a major undertaking like you'd see if any other permanent structure was moved. While the concept may be similar as to function, the implementation is completely different. I would suggest that, if you really do want a discussion in the future, that you begin one immediately upon any conflict rather than continuing the conflict by reverting other editors. That's much more effective than arguing your point via edit summary. ··· 日本穣 ? · Talk to Nihonjoe 19:25, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, I read what you wrote above. That's how I got to here, below.  I'd appreciate your assuming I've read the discussion to date before I commented.  I haven't readded Category:Street furniture since I was made aware of this discussion.  Indeed, you haven't reverted my edits, only Fg2 has; You simply supported their contention and backed up your support with unsavory accusations about me both here & on my talk page.  Nothing in the article indicates the size or construction of a koban; Concluding that a "box" is at least somewhat relocatable is reasonable given the common definition of "box" and the specific definition of "police box."  As I've said, if a koban is not street furniture, so be it.  My objection has been to the tone & approach in handling the difference of opinion, particularly the offhand dismissal of my edit and the reversion of the entire edit, rather than just the offending portion. After the fact, I also object to the accusatory tone you've taken with me throughout, e.g. "forcing the issue" and "edit warring."  It's hard to assume good faith when one is being accused of wrongdoing. --SSBohio 21:23, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
 * You have made this situation much, much more dramatic than it needs to be. It seems to me that some editors are making arguments here about why the article should not be placed in a category, and instead of stating your counter-argument, you are simply taking offense to the fact that they disagree with you at all. Why do YOU think it should be placed in street furniture? It seems as though valid arguments have been made as to why it should not. -- T orsodo g Talk 16:43, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I'm taking offense to the way the 2 editors I named have treated me, not to "the fact that they disagree with [me] at all." What I've said is here for all to see, and I didn't say what you allege I did. Your version of what I said is self-serving in that it supports your contention about me.
 * Consensus is against me here. So be it. That does not excuse them (or you) from the requirement to be civil.  Casting aspersions on me instead of accurately portraying my objections to the way I was treated is not a civil thing to do.  My issue is with their conduct.  If the owners of the article don't agree that something called a police box in the article title is as much a piece of street furniture as another police box, so be it. However, they & you have no business casting aspersions on me and reverting my entire edit under the guise of reverting the categorization they disagree with.  The user conduct issues are inextricably bound up with the content issue.  Overrule me on the categorization, but don't treat me like something unpleasant that stuck to your heel in the process.  We're all hopefully here to improve the encyclopedia, and tactics like these don't advance that mission.  --SSBohio 18:38, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Just because the term "police box" is used to describe a koban doesn't mean it is exactly like other police boxes that ARE street furniture. A koban is a building, which does not seem to fit any definition of street furniture. This seems to be a very valid arguement IMO. And I don't know what tell to you other than to chill out a bit. Wiki shouldn't stress you out so much! I haven't seen anyone being uncivil in this discussion. And I don't see any ownership of this article. Several editors have explained why they think this categoration is inaccurate. -- T orsodo g Talk 19:10, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

 * It needn't be like other police boxes in order to be street furniture. however, as above, if it's not street furniture, so be it.  My objection is to the way I was treated with regard to this issue: One editor repeated reverted my entire edit, not just the part they ostensibly objected to, making no effort to counter my rationale for the categorization except to flatly deny it; Another has made accusations of wrongdoing against me both here and on my talk page.  It's no less an attack for its not being a personal attack; The article itself makes no claim that all koban are small buildings or parts of buildings, nor does it describe their size. The assumption that I am ignorant of the content of the article is part of the problem. I considered the content when deciding to add the category.  I may have been wrong in so categorizing the article, but I didn't deserve to be treated as a transgressor over it. --SSBohio 21:23, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

 * You would do well to take your own advice, and not cast aspersions on other editors who happen to disagree with you. We are all here to improve the encyclopedia, and your first participation in the discussion here has been to accuse anyone disagreeing with you of being uncivil. I have been nothing but civil with you this entire time. You apparently took my comments as attacking you, but they were not intended as such. As I've indicated before, I only stated the facts which can be easily seen if you review the history of this article. I apologize if you took that as attacking you in some way, but it was not intended as an attack.
 * Now, if you have some specific reasons why you think the Japanese police "boxes" should be in the street furniture category, please present them here. That's the whole point of this discussion. Thank you for participating. ··· 日本穣 ? · Talk to Nihonjoe 19:25, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

 * You've made accusations against me, rather than confining your prose to the edits you are challenging. So far, all I've received from you to counter that has been a non-apology apology (i.e. Hey, there's nothing wrong with accusing you of wrongdoing, but I apologize if you take offense at being accused). As I've said, I won't object if the gatekeepers of this article want to keep it out of the street furniture category.  My objection all along has been to the tenor of the dismissals and accusations I've received.  There is, after all, a difference between being wrong & doing wrong. --SSBohio 21:23, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Well, if you insist on taking offense, there's nothing I can do about that, but that certainly wasn't the intention. I've left further comments on your talk page. ··· 日本穣 ? · Talk to Nihonjoe 06:34, 5 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I don't insist on taking offense; I've already taken offense. Your response to that was not to apologize for the offense, but to express regret at my being bothered by it. An actual apology would express regret for your action, rather than for my reaction.  The term "non-apology apology" was coined to describe expressions of regret that sound like apologies, but don't actually contain one.  I'll respond further on my talk page.  I've self-reverted the categorization, based on subsequent edits made which changed the description of a koban in the article such that it no longer appears to have commonality with a police box.  I would repeat my recommendation that information on the size of a typical koban be included in the article, as the vast majority of people on the planet have never seen one in person and have no way of telling whether the koban pictured are typical of all koban. --SSBohio 14:33, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

Article name change
Could this article be renamed to "Kōban", adding the macron and therefore removing the potentially confusing parenthetical? -- T orsodo g Talk 17:33, 5 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I think so, and I've been bold and moved it. ··· 日本穣 ? · Talk to Nihonjoe 19:19, 5 April 2009 (UTC)
 * You rock!! --Degen Earthfast (talk) 18:09, 3 October 2009 (UTC)

Non-Japanese koban
No mention is made of the numerous adaptations of the koban system in countries outside of Japan. Wakablogger2 (talk) 02:03, 29 September 2009 (UTC)
 * I'm not aware of other countries adopting it from Japan. If you have sources for this, you are welcome to add a section, however. ··· 日本穣 ? · 投稿  · Talk to Nihonjoe ·  Join WP Japan ! 04:08, 24 June 2015 (UTC)

A condescending tone?
Maybe I'm reading too much into it, but could "Although often translated to English as "police box",[7] the kōban bears little resemblance to the British police box" be interpreted as condescending? Why is it necessary to include "although" in that spot? Does the British police box qualify more as a police box than a Japanese kōban?

The statement could be changed to "The kōban is often translated to English as "police box"[7] but bears little resemblance to the British police box." I feel a nuance. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 118.238.246.167 (talk) 23:58, 23 June 2015 (UTC)
 * The main difference is the Japanese "police box" is more of a building, whereas the British police box is a phone booth. I don't see it as condescending but more of "even though". ··· 日本穣 ? · 投稿  · Talk to Nihonjoe ·  Join WP Japan ! 04:02, 24 June 2015 (UTC)

In Thailand
Thailand also has mini police stations called "ป้อมตำรวจ" in Thai and "police boxes" in English. So far they are not mentioned either here or in the police box article. — Hippietrail (talk) 15:15, 11 November 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Kōban


text:
Maurin Kiribati Party

The Maurin Kiribati Party (Protect Kiribati Party) was a political party in Kiribati. At the presidential elections of 4 July 2003, its candidate Banuera Berina won 9.1%.

On 29 January 2016, it merged with Teburoro Tito's United Coalition Party to form the Tobwaan Kiribati Party.

title: Maurin Kiribati Party


text:
David Wharnsby

David Wharnsby (born June 20, 1967) is a Canadian film editor. He was married to director and actress Sarah Polley.

Life and career
Wharnsby was born in Waterloo, Ontario. He attended Kitchener-Waterloo Collegiate and Vocational School.

Some of Wharnsby's numerous credits include; the CBC's miniseries Northern Town, directed by Gary Burns; At The Hotel, directed by Ken Finkleman; TIFF top ten films, I, Claudia, by Chris Abraham; The Uncles by James Allodi; Ken Finkleman's The Newsroom and Foreign Objects; I Shout Love by Sarah Polley; Atom Egoyan's Sarabande; The Four Seasons and Don Giovanni Unmasked by Barbara Willis Sweete; David Weaver's Siblings and Century Hotel; and Three Stories by Semi Chellas.

His television directing credits include one episode of Billable Hours ("Killer Comma"), two episodes of Being Erica ("This Be the Verse" and "The Unkindest Cut") and three episodes of Saving Hope.

Wharnsby received a Gemini Award for his work on Jennifer Baichwal's documentary The Holier It Gets. He has also worked with Baichwal on The True Meaning of Pictures, and the Let It Come Down: The Life of Paul Bowles. He won a Genie Award in 2004 for his work on Guy Maddin's The Saddest Music in the World. Wharnsby was also awarded the DGC Craft Award for Picture Editing of a Feature Film for Away from Her in 2007. Regardless of the myriad of awards he has been nominated for and/or received, he has rarely made any public appearances.

Wharnsby married Sarah Polley, who in addition to directing is an actress, singer, writer, and activist, in September 2003. They have since divorced. He collaborated with then wife Polley on the 2006 feature-length film Away from Her, which Polley directed. His mother Marnie was host of the children's television show Romper Room in the 1960s for CKCO-TV. His brother Tim is a sports reporter for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's website, cbcsports.ca. He also has two sisters.

title: David Wharnsby


text:
Sandra Dickinson

Sandra Dickinson (née Searles; born October 20, 1948) is an American-British actress. She trained at the Central School of Speech and Drama in London. She has often played characters within the trope of a dumb blonde with a high-pitched voice.

Early life
Dickinson was born in Washington, D.C. and grew up in Maryland with her younger brother. Her father, Harold F. Searles, was a psychoanalyst. Her mother, Sylvia Manninen, of Finnish descent, was a nurse.

Career
She made her acting debut as a waitress in the 1973 British film The Final Programme. She later played role of Trillian in the TV series of Douglas Adams's The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.

She has appeared in films including Superman III, Supergirl, StagKnight, Ready Player One and The Batman.

She has provided the American voice of Jemima Puddle-Duck in the British animated children's television series The World of Peter Rabbit and Friends, the Voice Trumpets in the US dub of Teletubbies, Bitchin' Betty in the 1996 film Space Truckers, and Chico in Counterfeit Cat.

She was also an occasional guest panellist on the BBC quiz show Blankety Blank in the early 1980s.

She has made guest appearances on shows, such as Philip Marlowe, Private Eye, Casualty, New Tricks, Holby City, Uncle, Doctors and White Van Man.

Personal life
Dickinson married actor Peter Davison on December 26, 1978, and they were divorced in 1994. Together they composed and performed the theme tune to the 1980s children's programme Button Moon. They have a daughter, Georgia Tennant, who is also an actress.

Dickinson married her third husband, another British actor and singer, Mark Osmond, on August 16, 2009. The wedding was filmed for Four Weddings, a reality TV show where four couples compete to have theirs voted the best wedding; hers came third. Osmond is the lead singer of the band Bigger Than Mary, who played at the wedding. Her grandson, Ty Tennant, gave her away. The wedding took place in Shepperton, where the couple lived at the time.

Dickinson became a British citizen the same year. With her husband, she runs the Shepperton-based stage school Close Up Theatre School.

Film
Her film and TV roles include:
 * Birds Eye Beefburger TV advertisements, directed by Alan Parker, in the early 1970s.
 * Emily in A Man for Emily in The Tomorrow People (1975). Her future husband Peter Davison played her on-screen brother.
 * Trillian in the 1981 television adaptation of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. Sandra Dickinson said in an interview in The Making of The Hitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy that when she heard that she had been suggested for the role of Trillian, she thought it completely mad – Sandra Dickinson was blonde and fair-skinned, and in the Hitch Hiker book, Trillian is described as dark and looking "slightly Arabic". However, during the screen test, Douglas Adams was sufficiently impressed with her acting skills that when Dickinson suggested wryly, "I've got to get my Union Jack lenses in" (i.e., practice my English accent), Douglas Adams asked her to use her natural voice and accent. Dickinson later returned to the "Hitchhiker's" universe to play Tricia MacMillan in the fourth and fifth radio series produced by Above the Title for BBC Radio 4.
 * A parallel universe version of Trillian (AKA Tricia McMillan) in the Quintessential Phase of the Hitch-Hiker's Guide radio series.
 * Zelda in Cover, a 1981 drama series from Thames Television, set in a recruitment and testing agency for the spy service.
 * Cameo appearance in the film Superman III (1983) as the wife of a man who puts a grapefruit in her face after seeing the size of a bill from Bloomingdale's. A year later, Dickinson made an appearance as a party guest in Supergirl.
 * The role of Nancy Day in The Lonely Lady (1983), adapted from the Harold Robbins novel.
 * A cameo as celebrity actress Marilyn Gale in the 1986 Hercule Poirot TV film Dead Man's Folly.
 * A guest appearance on one episode of the CITV pre-school series Rainbow.
 * Sally, a receptionist at a bloodbank, in a 1991 episode of HBO's Tales from the Crypt series.
 * Tina in the 1990s sitcom 2point4 children.
 * Jemima Puddle-Duck in the American dubbed version of The World of Peter Rabbit and Friends.
 * Voiced Tog on Squeak!
 * Additional voices in the Universal and Amblin Entertainment animated feature film We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story.
 * Maggie in the 1996 Doctor Who BBC radio serial The Ghosts of N-Space.
 * Sylvie, Dixie and Rosy's mother in the Universal and Amblin Entertainment animated feature film Balto.
 * The voice of Bitchin' Betty, the truck's computer, in the 1996 comedy film Space Truckers.
 * The US Voice Trumpets, in the PBS version of the original Teletubbies.
 * Debbie Hall, a tourist who arrives in Holby City Hospital with her husband, who has been stabbed by a mugger, in a 2001 episode of the BBC1 drama Casualty.
 * Fay, the demonic owner of a paintball park, in the 2007 horror comedy film StagKnight.
 * Lady Gloria Gransford in a 2009 episode of the BBC drama New Tricks.
 * Miss Swanson in the 2009 British slasher film Tormented.
 * Mother in the 2009 British fantasy film Malice in Wonderland.
 * The voice of Grandma Tracy in the 2015 TV series Thunderbirds Are Go
 * The three evil bounty hunters Chico, Zaxos and Flargle in the British-Canadian Disney XD animated series Counterfeit Cat.
 * Dory, the housekeeper of Bruce Wayne, in the 2022 film The Batman.

She also revoiced some of the female voice trumpets (as well as the narrator saying "1, 2, 3, 4, Teletubbies!" line at the start of the opening titles) in Teletubbies for the American market.

Other acting and voice roles
Dickinson and then husband Peter Davison appeared together in Doctor Who producer John Nathan-Turner's production of the holiday pantomime Cinderella in 1983. They also appeared in a stage production of The Owl and the Pussycat, and Barefoot in the Park, a London stage production from 1984, as a pair of American newlyweds adjusting to life in their new high-rise apartment.

In 1997, she played Eunice Hubbel in Peter Hall's production of A Streetcar Named Desire at Theatre Royal, Haymarket.

She played Queen Camilla in a Carlisle pantomime production of Snow White & the Seven Dwarves in 2007, and the following year played the Fairy Godmother at the Towngate Theatre, Basildon's production of Cinderella, reprising the role in the 2009 Harlow Playhouse theatre production of Cinderella alongside her now-husband, Mark Osmond. From December 18, 2010, to January 9, 2011, Dickinson played the evil Queen Maleficent in the pantomime Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs at the Corn Exchange in Exeter. From December 13, 2014, to January 4, 2015, Dickinson played Queen Whoppa in the pantomime Jack and the Beanstalk at Exeter Corn Exchange.

She played Debbie in White Van Man series 1, episode 5 "Honest", first broadcast on April 12, 2011. The series stars her daughter Georgia Tennant. In The Amazing World of Gumball Dickinson provides many voices including those of Granny Jojo, Mrs. Jotunheim, Karen, Felicity Parham, and the cupcake woman. She is the voice of Grandma Tracey in the 2015 Thunderbirds revival.

In 2014, Dickinson understudied Angela Lansbury in the West End production of Blithe Spirit – co-starring Simon Jones, with whom she had worked on The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy – but she never got to perform Madame Arcati, other than in the public understudy run, as Lansbury did not miss a single performance.

title: Sandra Dickinson


text:
Talk:Physical schema

Opinion (removed)
How about some good examples of both logical and subsequent physical data models?

"it was generally accepted that Oracle's architecture is best suited to enterprise & larger implementations," - This is opinion

This page appears to be biased toward Oracle DBMS' and provides a very simplistic view of Physical Data Models. No consideration is given to DBMS function or application use and the impact on PDM design.

Examples being OLTP (OnLine Transaction Processing) PDM's, EDW (Enterprise Data Warehouse) PDM's, OLAP PDM's or Data Mart PDM's.

"There are a great many other RDBMS systems out there, but these tend either to be legacy databases or used within academia such as universities or further education colleges." - Not fact. Opinion. Companies such as E-bay, facebook, tagged, K-Mart, Wal-Mart, Verizon, AT&T, and a number of banks all use DBMS technologies not mentioned in this article.

IBM's DB2 and UDB, Teradata's DBMS, SQL Server, Netizza, Greenplum, MySQL all have different features which impacts which type of physical attribute may be represented in a PDM. Even within Oracle, there are two distinct offerings; Exadata for large scale DBMS installation and the basic Oracle DBMS offering.

The reference to Oracle should be removed from this page as should the references to the other DBMS'. The article should focus instead upon purpose and types of PDM: IDEF1X, IE, DM, etc. and perhaps talk about the methods or tools available to create a PDM.

This page seems to be more a discussion or even a sales presentation for RDBMS instances, not a discussion about the physical data model. Discussions should probably include the purpose of a physical model, the transformation of the logical model into a physical model, resoultion of sub-types, implementation of data types, physical instantiation of objects, space allocations, volumetrics and planning for growth. Lots of topics to discuss, not which RDBMS implementation we use. Also, physical models are not exclusive to relational modeling, so maybe this should also be more specific to a Relational Physical Model or the text should be more generic to include other types of databases, such as hierarchical. Dan Galvin 14:49, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

Dan, wholeheartedly agree - please do this. This page should be about what physical data architecture means, not a comparison of different RDBMSs. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.228.106.149 (talk) 18:06, 14 April 2011 (UTC)

 * I have removed the opinion pieces. prat (talk) 06:15, 13 September 2011 (UTC)

// -- It's beyond ironic that there is no mention of NoSQL databases here, yet ALL of the biggest databases, including Facebook, Amazon, etc, are run primarily on non-SQL databases.

Also a terrible omission that no mention is made of trade-offs between fixed and variable string columns, the computational efficiencies vs size trade-offs of data types, or DB treatment of BLOB and XML data types. --Solidpoint (talk) 20:36, 2 November 2012 (UTC)

The Link titled "FEA Consolidated Reference Model Document" hosted at http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/omb/egov/documents/CRM.PDF

is unavailable. I got a 404 Error. If it is dead all the time, i would recommend it being replaced by a working (live) link, maybe archived at some other domain, ftp, or cached from somewhere.

If no such secondary reference is available, this invalid/inconsistent link must be deleted. --Compfreak7 (talk • contribs)

Yes, the Whitehouse archive link is dead.

And yes, this entry is nearly off-topic. As a current student, given the potential depth of the topic, a fairly concise definition, possibly couched as historical, with links to scholarly (or even publicly available enterprise) sources would suffice. As far as combining the entries for Physical data model and Physical Schema: yes. Neither one of them seems to be getting much attention. Combining them would give them a little TLC an be simpler to hit and maintain.--touiquette — Preceding unsigned comment added by Touiqette (talk • contribs) 04:11, 25 April 2014 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Physical schema


text:
National Progressive Party (Kiribati)

The National Progressive Party (NPP, GNPP in some sources) also known as the Kiribati Tabomoa Party, was a political party, first of the Gilbert Islands, then in Kiribati when it became the majority party in 1978, defeating the Gilbertese National Party. It was ultimately without parliamentary representation, notably after the defeat of the President Teatao Teannaki, when the party only won seven seats contrasted with the Christian democratic party which won 13 seats. Its last leader Harry Tong joined the Maneaban te Mauri before the 2003 elections.

title: National Progressive Party (Kiribati)


text:
Pillars of Truth

Pillars of Truth (Boutokaan te Koaua; BK or BTK) was a political party in Kiribati, until 2020 when it merged with the Kiribati First Party to create the Boutokaan Kiribati Moa Party. The party was created through a split in the National Progressive Party, which was the first party to rule after Independence in 1979.

In the 2003 presidential elections, its candidate Anote Tong won 47.4% and was elected president. In the legislative elections of two months earlier, the party won 16 of 41 elected seats.

In 22 August and 30 August 2007 House of Assembly of Kiribati elections, the party won 18 seats. On 17 October 2007, Anote Tong was re-elected as president by a large majority. The opposition boycotted the election due to the exclusion of two opposition candidates, including Tong's brother Harry. In 2016, Taneti Mamau of Tobwaan Kiribati Party took his place as president.

Cabinet members
Below is the list of cabinet members of the Republic of Kiribati for 2007 to 2011 for the Pillars of Truth:

 * Hon Anote Tong- President of the Republic of Kiribati and Minister of Foreign Affairs & Immigration
 * Hon Teima Onorio – Vice President and Minister of Commerce, Industry and Cooperatives
 * Hon Amberoti Nikora – Minister of Internal and Social Affairs
 * Hon Iotebwa Redfern – Minister of Labour and Human Resources Development
 * Hon Tetabo Nakara – Minister of Environment, Lands and Agriculture Development
 * Hon James Taom – Minister of Education
 * Hon Natan Teewe – Minister of Finance and Economic Development
 * Hon Tawita Temoku – Minister of Line and Phoenix Islands Development
 * Hon Taberannang Timeon – Minister of Fisheries and Marine Resources Development
 * Hon Dr. Kautu Tenaua – Minister of Health and Medical Services
 * Hon Kouraiti Beniato – Minister of Public Works and Utilities
 * Hon Temate Ereateiti – Minister of Communications Transport and Tourism Development

title: Pillars of Truth


text:
Protect the Maneaba

Protect the Maneaba (Maneaban te Mauri, MTM), initially known as the Christian Democratic Party, was a political party in Kiribati.

History
The party was established as the Christian Democratic Party in 1985 by members of the House of Assembly opposed to president Ieremia Tabai. By 1994 it had been renamed Protect the Maneaba, and was a loose grouping of MPs led by Roniti Teiwaki. In the 1994 parliamentary elections it won 13 of the 39 seats. In the subsequent presidential elections two months later, MTM's Teburoro Tito was elected president. In the 1998 parliamentary elections the party won 14 seats, with Tito re-elected president two months later. By the late 1990s the party had two dominant factions, a Christian-Democratic faction led by Tito and a liberal faction led by Tewareka Tentoa.

The party was reduced to only seven seats in the 2002 parliamentary elections, but Tito was re-elected as president in February 2003. However, the government losing a vote on the supplementary budget by a vote of 21–19 in March 2003 led to early parliamentary elections in May. Although MTM won 24 of the 40 seats, in the subsequent presidential elections in July, MTM candidate Harry Tong lost to his brother Anote.

The party was subsequently reduced to only seven seats in the 2007 parliamentary elections, and did not nominate a candidate for the presidential elections. In August 2010 it merged with the Kiribati Independent Party to form the United Coalition Party.

title: Protect the Maneaba


text:
KTIS-FM

KTIS-FM (98.5 MHz) is a Christian adult contemporary music formatted radio station located in Minneapolis, Minnesota owned and operated by Northwestern Media, a ministry of the University of Northwestern - St. Paul. The station's studios are located on Snelling Avenue in Roseville (which is next to St. Paul), while its transmitter is located on the KMSP Tower in Shoreview.

KTIS is a non-profit radio station, receiving most of its donations and contributions from its listeners. The station is also aired on low-powered translators outside its main listening area. The station's programming is also streamed on the Internet.

KTIS hosts many different service projects and activities with which to better the community, such as the "Drive-thru Difference" and the web application PrayerWorks, which lets users submit prayer requests to be viewed by other users. The other users can then send a notification to the person who first submitted the request, letting them know that their prayer has been prayed.

KTIS-FM-HD3
KTIS-FM-HD3 is "The Mel", a student-operated station from University of Northwestern's Broadcasting Department. The station features eclectic music and clips from popular preachers and podcasts, as well as other features from the students of Northwestern.

title: KTIS-FM


text:
KTIS (AM)

KTIS (900 AM) is a radio station based in Minneapolis, Minnesota, owned and operated by University of Northwestern - St Paul. It is a non-profit, listener-supported radio station relying on donations from the local community throughout the year. KTIS's studios are located on Snelling Avenue in St. Paul, while its transmitter is located in the Hazel Park neighborhood of Oakdale. The station broadcasts throughout the midwest.

KTIS is the flagship station of Faith Radio, a network whose programming features mainly Christian talk and teaching, with programs such as Susie Larson Live with Susie Larson; Focus on the Family; Family Life Today with Dave and Anne Wilson; Insight for Living with Chuck Swindoll; Living on the Edge with Chip Ingram; In Touch with Dr. Charles Stanley; and others. Programming is nearly 100 percent satellite deliverable and produced by Northwestern Media.

History
KTIS and KTIS-FM (98.5) were founded in 1949 by Rev. Billy Graham when he was president of the University of Northwestern - St Paul.

On February 6, 2015, KTIS began simulcasting on FM translator K214DF (90.7 FM), which is better received in the western (Minneapolis) suburbs, via the HD2 channel of sister station KTIS-FM. The station added a second translator on W248CU (97.5 FM), which is better received in the eastern (St. Paul) suburbs, in June 2017, though there is significant overlap with 90.7. The second translator, licensed to Minneapolis but transmitting from St. Paul, forced a low-powered FM KPPS-LP to apply for an emergency increase in power from 50 watts to 100 watts due to interference. KPPS-LP already had an application to move to 88.9 FM however, so the request to increase power was denied by the FCC. In addition, the translator on 97.5 FM is on the same frequency as KNXR licensed to Rochester, causing some complaints from listeners in the south metro who could no longer hear the station. This is not the first time KNXR has been interfered with via a licensed broadcast station.

title: KTIS (AM)


text:
Caffeine-Free Pepsi

Caffeine-Free Pepsi is a version of the cola Pepsi that omits the caffeine that is customarily part of a cola. It was introduced under the brand name "Pepsi Free" in 1982 by PepsiCo. It was 99.7 percent caffeine free. A sugar-free variant was also introduced and known as "Diet Pepsi Free," The "Pepsi Free" name itself was phased out in 1987, and today these colas are known simply as "Caffeine-Free Pepsi" and "Caffeine-Free Diet Pepsi."

Background

When it was first introduced, Caffeine-Free Pepsi's label background was red, but to avoid any confusion with Coca-Cola, the background color was changed to gold in 1987. As part of Pepsi's changing their background to blue in 1998, Pepsi Caffeine Free's background changed to blue with the letters outlined in gold. In 2009, the caffeine-free version reverted to a gold background. Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola labels also have a gold background. The logo letters are bordered in red for the regular variety; in the case of the diet variety, they are entirely red in color.

When introduced, Pepsi Free was available in cans, 2-liter bottles, and 20-ounce glass bottles. Caffeine-Free Pepsi is currently available in cans, 16 oz. plastic bottles and 2 liters, though availability varies from store to store (for instance, 16 oz. bottles are typically only available in convenience stores, and some grocers may only have the product in 12 oz cans, if they carry it at all).

In popular culture
Two cans of Pepsi Free are seen, at separate times, in the 1983 film Mr. Mom.

Pepsi Free was the subject of a scene in the 1985 film Back to the Future. Upon entering a café in 1955, Marty McFly (Michael J. Fox) asks for a Tab (Coca-Cola's first version of a sugar-free soft drink, which was not available until 1963) and is told that he cannot have a "tab," unless he orders something. He then asks for a Pepsi Free (also not available in 1955) and is told, "If you want a Pepsi, pal, you're gonna pay for it!" ("Free" is here being mistaken for gratis.) Finally, he asks for "something without any sugar in it," and is served black coffee.

A can of Diet Pepsi Free can be seen beside Marty's alarm clock towards the beginning of the movie when Doc (Christopher Lloyd) calls him to remind him to meet him at the mall. The can is also seen toward the end of the movie when Marty wakes up in the morning at his house in 1985.

Two-liter bottles and six-packs of cans of Pepsi Free appear in a refrigerator case behind Sylvester Stallone's character in the grocery store scene in the 1986 film Cobra.

title: Caffeine-Free Pepsi


text:
User talk:Filsed

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

I assume that you are the creator of Filip Sedivy. Please refrain from removing delete tags from articles that you have created. If an administrator believes that it was put there in error, he or she will remove it themself. Thanks,  BanyanTree 21:37, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Filsed


text:
Talk:German Armed Forces enlisted rank insignia

Should the English translations be along side, for reference. I don't know German, so this is on someone elses plate.--Mtnerd 21:37, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

This entry is titled "German Armed Forces enlisted rank insignia", but there aren't actually any insignia. -- Trivial 06:17, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Matrosenfeldwebel
In Germany we haven't got an enlisted rank called Matrosenfeldwebel or Matrosenhauptfeldwebel for example. Please see at the external link to the rank insignia of the Bundesmarine.

Fähnrich translation
I always thought that Fähnrich was an ensign. That would line up more with the note that a Fähnrich is an officer candidate AND it makes sense from an etymological view point: the root of 'Fähnrich' is 'Fahne', which is German for 'flag', similar to 'ensign', which along with being a rank is also another word for 'flag'. And just as a sidenote, Ensign Hornblower (from the Horatio Hornblower series) is translated as Fähnrich Hornblower (I know that doesn't actually prove anything, but I thought it'd be an interesting fact.) Cheers YggdrasilsRoot 18:56, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

rank missing
The list does not mention the rank of Oberfähnrich (officer candidate), which equals the rank Hauptfeldwebel.PB


text:
Sandman (magazine)

Sandman was a free music magazine launched in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, in September 2002. Later versions were created, specifically covering Leeds, Kingston upon Hull, York, Nottingham and Manchester before all five editions were amalgamated into one compendium edition which also covered Manchester, Bradford, Derby and Leicester making Sandman the largest independent publication of its kind in the UK.

Sandman's aims were simply to cover and support the local music scenes of the cities in which it was published.

History
The first issue was launched on 27 September 2002 by Jan Webster (Editor in Chief) and Mark Roberts (Publisher). Webster and Roberts had both been involved with the local music scene as performers and promoters. The Leeds edition launched on 30 September 2003, Hull on 15 March 2004, York on 15 October 2004 and Nottingham on 4 April 2005. From February 2006, these editions were merged into a single, large regional magazine. The last print edition of Sandman was published in September 2008 and the last on-line entry was posted in May 2009.

Features

 * Interviews,
 * live reviews (including those of unsigned, national and international level bands)
 * Album reviews
 * Demo reviews.
 * Nightlife
 * Culture.

Volunteers contributed Sandman's articles, the revenue being made from advertising charges and subscription fees. Sandman never accepted advertorials and aimed simply to be independent and honest. It was distributed in record and instrument shops as well as venues, clubs and pubs.

Readership
At its highest the readership was around 50,000 across Yorkshire, Lancashire and the East Midlands

Notable bands
A number of now nationally famous acts were covered early on in their careers by Sandman, most notably The Kaiser Chiefs in Leeds and Arctic Monkeys and Reverend & The Makers in Sheffield. Sandman gained recognition and praise from figures such as the radio DJ Steve Lamacq and Simon Williams of Fierce Panda Records. From 2005 Sandman Magazine worked with the Mean Fiddler organisation helping pick unsigned bands to play at the Leeds Festival.

title: Sandman (magazine)


text:
Talk:Heavy rail

What's here is already covered in regional rail, so there is no reason for it to be more than a disambig. --SPUI (talk) 21:40, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

No it isn't. Heavy Rail refers to the entire standard rail system, eg the entire national mixed use system for transporting passengers long distances/freight etc, as opposed to localised urban light rail systems. It doesn't just refer to commuter networks operations. Or at least that is how I have always heard it defined. G-Man 22:02, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

This article needs disambiguation. Mutually exclusive terms are used in the definition.

Hmmm, I may be a bit off on my terminology then. I guess it would be a combination of intercity rail and regional rail?

The problem with having any content here is that heavy rail means different things in different places, so there should be a disambiguation between the different meanings. The problem is in deciding what the intercity+regional should be called. Then there's also the organization of those - should those be merged into one, or should the heavy rail disambig link possibly go to intercity rail, which could cover all non-metro/tram rail, and regional rail just covers the suburb-to-city aspects?

Sorry about the knee-jerk reverts; this is a rather complicated area. --SPUI (talk) 22:14, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

There's also freight, which is another thing which seperates Heavy and Light rail.

The thing I'm getting at is that heavy rail generally refers to the mixed use rail system, covering entire countries. Whereas light rail generally refers to lightweight rail systems used to transport passengers in urban areas. G-Man

Unfortunately this is something that differs between countries. For instance, the first few Google matches for heavy rail refer to subway/metro systems in the U.S. --SPUI (talk) 22:47, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Well in that case I'm sure it should be possible to explain the different definitions of the term in the article. I agree this terminology thing is complicated. G-Man 22:53, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

It might be useful to have a passenger rail terminology article, specifically for regional differences between passenger lines. I believe firmly that articles actually describing the lines should not be at locations like this, due to the different meanings in different areas. That of course gives the necessity of finding nice neutral names. I'll bring it up on WikiProject Trains once the current brouhaha dies down. --SPUI (talk) 22:59, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Heavy rail


text:
User:Jessamyn

My pronouns are she/her.

I'm a librarian who lives in Vermont. There is a Wikipedia page about me if you'd like to know more. Feel free to email me. I used to be a member of the Wikimedia Foundation advisory board back when that was a thing and before the whole page was memory-holed. (archived). I am currently Community Manager for the Flickr Foundation.

I am trying to help Wikipedia adjust its unequal treatment of female Wikipedians and Wikipedia articles about women. Want to read about the problem? This paper is a good start: Ms. Categorized: Gender, notability, and inequality on Wikipedia.

representation

 * postal history of African Americans, adding to WP articles, or creating them
 * Page creation or improvement for women of color, especially activists: Jewell_Mazique, Tougaloo_Nine, Doris Seale, Bhakti_Ziek
 * Mystery people: C. A. McGill, Captain R. L. Miller, Collins
 * Women in library history

vermont

 * add town links to VT towns (second pass: Cavendish)
 * get photos for VT towns, list photos accurately on town page
 * Wikiproject Vermont, 251 Club, public libraries in VT
 * sources
 * Project Vermont on Wikipedia
 * Center for Rural Studies, A Gazetteer of Vermont Places
 * Vermont Place Names: Footprints of History by Esther Munroe Swift which is often cited/quoted in...
 * Virtual Vermont's Town Pages
 * Threads of Our Time - baseball uniform database

pictures

 * Current: adding librarian photos
 * Current: C M Bell using People Search
 * Adding images from PD sources
 * requested images of Vermont
 * Requested images of people
 * sources
 * Cleveland Art public domain
 * NYPL public domain portraits
 * LoC Public Domain Collections: C M Bell
 * Florida Memory
 * Picryl + research to find source

Articles to Write

 * All caught up (for now)

Resources to Use

 * Collective Biographies of Women

my other sites & stuff

 * Mine: librarian.net | jessamyn.com & blog | jessamyn.info & booklist
 * Socials: mastodon

title: User:Jessamyn


text:
Talk:Saint seiya

Untitled
Saint Seiya "cavalieri dello zodiaco" risulta essere divisa nei seguenti capitoli: - Galaxian War (La Guerra Galattica) [manga-anime] - Sanctuary (Al Grande Tempio) [manga-anime] - Asgard (Le nevi di Asgard)[solo anime] - Blue Warrior (nevi del nord) [solo manga e riguarda Hyoga/Cristal] - Poseidon (Negli abissi del mare) [manga-anime]

Oltre a questi vi sono anche gli anime : - La Dea Discordia (Eris) - L'Ardente scontro degli dei (Asgard) - La Leggenda dei Guerrieri Scarlatti (Apollo) - L'Ultima Battaglia (Satana) - La dea Artemide

 * To let you know, we already have Saint Seiya. Kappa 21:51, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Saint seiya


text: Template:Starbox orbit

title: Template:Starbox orbit


text:
(I Know) I'm Losing You

"(I Know) I'm Losing You" is a 1966 hit single recorded by the Temptations for the Gordy (Motown) label, written by Cornelius Grant, Eddie Holland and Norman Whitfield, and produced by Norman Whitfield.

The group performed the song live on the CBS variety program The Ed Sullivan Show on May 28, 1967, and in a duet with Diana Ross & the Supremes later that year, on November 19, 1967.

Background
Billboard described the song as a "blues swinger with a solid dance beat and powerful vocal workout." Cash Box said that "the ork is throbbing, the chorus is smooth and the group tells its sad tale in exquisite fashion."

Personnel

 * Lead vocals by David Ruffin
 * Background vocals by Eddie Kendricks, Paul Williams, Melvin Franklin and Otis Williams
 * Guitar by Cornelius Grant
 * Other instrumentation by The Funk Brothers
 * Arrangements by Wade Marcus and Paul Riser

Chart performance
"(I Know) I'm Losing You" was a No. 1 hit on the Billboard R&B singles chart, and reached No. 8 on the Billboard Pop Singles chart. In Canada the song reached No. 21, while in the UK it reached No. 19.

Later versions

 * "(I Know) I'm Losing You" was a 1970 version by Motown rock band Rare Earth for their Ecology album. Rare Earth's 10-minute recording was edited for single release and peaked at No. 7, one position higher than the Temptations' original on the U.S. pop charts. It also reached #15 in Canada.
 * Rod Stewart recorded a version in 1971 that was featured on his breakthrough album Every Picture Tells A Story. The single reached #24 on the Billboard Hot 100, credited as Rod Stewart With Faces and #13 in Canada. Stewart had previously performed the song with the Jeff Beck Group; live performances were recorded for BBC radio broadcast on the Saturday Club March 7, 1967.
 * The Undisputed Truth, a group assembled and produced solely by Norman Whitfield, recorded a cover version of the song in a psychedelic funk style for their 1975 album Cosmic Truth.
 * During the 1980s, on the Dallas, Texas-based Oak Lawn Records label, the song was recorded by the group Uptown and transformed into an upbeat dance tune. This version achieved popularity at Dallas' famed Starck nightclub due to early play by DJ Rick Squillante and became a standard in many U.S. nightclubs, reaching the No. 80 spot on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1987.
 * Kanye West used the vocal samples from both Rare Earth and The Undisputed Truth covers in his song "Fade", which features vocals by Post Malone and Ty Dolla Sign from his seventh studio album, The Life of Pablo.

title: (I Know) I'm Losing You


text:
Talk:M11 motorway

Comments
The text of this article has found its way (uncredited) into a Highways Agency report, "M11 Junction 4 to 14, Initial Route Management Strategy, Volume 1 of 2, Report, January 2005" (online at http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/projects/motorways/m11/london_cambridge/pdfs/strat_report.pdf). The moral: be careful what you write in Wikipedia, because it might become official! --Heron 21:41, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Junctions 8A and 9A?
I've never seen Stansted labelled Junction 8A on any maps... I've seen the roundabout at the restart of the A11 at Stump Cross labelled 9A on multiple maps. Burwellian 13:50, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Try this map for junction 8A. --Heron 17:10, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Fair enough... I just can't see how the highways agency can call that 2 junctions, that's all... Not unless the rounabout to the right is the 8A, but the position of the number seems to imply otherwise... Wierd - Burwellian 09:31, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think the little roundabout has anything to do with it. I think it's because, when you're travelling from London, there are two slip roads in succession: the first (j8) for the services and local roads, and the second (j8a) for the airport. If you take the wrong one then you're lost. Travelling from Cambridge, you only get one slip road (j8) that takes you to all destinations, so there is no j8a. --Heron 11:51, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

I always approach from Cambridge... There's always the old road from Junction 8 to Stanstead (I think it's classed as part of the A120 now) which is the 4th exit (i think) coming off the M11 from London. The old A120 is the fifth exit. Do we want to change the A1301 roundabout at Stump Cross to junction 9A? Junction 9 is the M11/M11 spur junction whilst the A11 is still part of the M11 until 9A (if that makes sense) - Burwellian 12:56, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I've done it (after checking on the Highways Agency website that j9a does exist). --Heron 19:19, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * We drove past it on our way back from stanstead the other day... 9a is the junction with the A1301, A11 and M11 (Spur) at Stump Cross, whilst 9 is the limited access junction between the M11 and it's spur which becomes the A11.
 * Did you know that the southbound stretch from Duxford (Junction 10) to Stanstead (Junction 8) is the 2nd longest stretch of motorway in the country (after the M26) with no access to off sliproads at junctions?
 * Oh, and if the slip is 8a, does that make the roundabout where it turns into the eastbound A120 junction 8b? (I've no evidence for this, just hypothesising) - Burwellian
 * Probably not. If you look at the OS map here, the slip roads to the roundabout are A-road green, not motorway blue.  This is different from the Stumps Cross spur, which is coloured blue. --Heron 19:21, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The OS map is wrong in this instance - motorway regs go all the way from the mainline of the M11 to the roundabout where the A120 joins C2r (talk) 22:01, 26 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I'd doubt an 8b, but if you follow the A120 out of Stanstead, the M11 (London bound) starts just after the off slip for that roundabout, similar to 9a. Probably just confusing road numbering... - Burwellian 14:15, 30 July 2005 (UTC)

I've added 9a to the list of junctions. Might need some rework on where it does to... --Tagishsimon (talk) 14:27, 14 November 2011 (UTC)

"Private" junctions
There are four "private" junctions on the M11, with "Works Access Only" or related signage: 1) Chigwell, the site of the proposed (now cancelled) services 2) Theydon Bois, just south of M25 Junction 27 (M11 Junction 6) 3) Newport, some way north of Stansted Airport (Junction 8). 4) Little Chesterford, just south of Junction 9. Sunil060902 13:15, 12 October 2007 (UTC)
 * All described on Alan Turnbull's Secret Bases website -
 * 1) Now a police control centre and turnaround -
 * 2) Northbound & southbound turnaround connections leading to Coopersale Lane, a C road between Theydon Garnon & B172 Theydon Bois. Grit depot on northbound exit -
 * 3) Northbound & southbound turnaround connections leading to B1038 Wicken Road -
 * 4) Northbound & southbound turnaround track -
 * -- John (Daytona2 · Talk ·  Contribs) 18:27, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

The part of No. 1 above on the southbound carriageway is currently being redeveloped into something else. I think it's got something to do with the Olympics, but haven't been able to find out precisely what. Mr Larrington (talk) 14:55, 1 May 2009 (UTC)

Widening
I heard that there was proposed plans of widening the motorway between (M25) Chigwell and Stanstead Airport —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.105.242.119 (talk) 09:03, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

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External links modified (January 2018)
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maintenance work at junction 14
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-england-cambridgeshire-45605284/m11-a14-girton-interchange-to-close-for-three-weeks

©Geni (talk) 17:43, 28 September 2018 (UTC)

Merge proposal
I propose merging the M11 Corridor article into this one. There is nothing in that article that can't be covered in here. Eopsid (talk) 22:26, 13 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:M11 motorway


text: User talk:68.250.102.74

title: User talk:68.250.102.74


text:
Harry M. Kuitert

Harminus Martinus "Harry" Kuitert (11 November 1924 in Drachten – 8 September  2017 in Amstelveen) was a theologian of the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (GKN).

Harry Kuitert (baptised Harminus Martinus) was a rector at Scharendijk (Zeeland) and a student pastor at Amsterdam before he became a professor of theology. In Zeeland, he witnessed the great North Sea flood of 1953 which inundated large parts of this Dutch province.

In 1967, he succeeded the illustrious theologian G. C. Berkouwer as professor of systematic theology at the Free University (VU) in Amsterdam, and in 1989 he retired from this chair. Kuitert moved from Calvinist orthodoxy to Calvinist middle orthodoxy following his mentor and Ph.D. supervisor Berkouwer, for whom he wrote his dissertation on the Divine Co-Humanity (Dutch: medemenselijkheid; Afrikaans: Medemenslikheid).

Later, after writing voluminously, critically, and appreciatively on Karl Barth, Kuitert later moved on to a totally unorthodox stance on Jesus Christ, skipping neo-orthodoxy altogether. Kuitert developed his views beyond those of Berkouwer whose views seemed definitive.

According to Ecumenical News International, Kuitert, after his own emeritation in 1989, and by now the most widely read theologian in the Netherlands, broke completely with Berkouwer and "Middle Orthodox" tradition (the theological mainstream of the reformed church) in his book, Jesus, the Inheritance of Christianity (1998). "Jesus supported the Jewish view of God, so he never saw himself as God on earth. He is not a Second God, nor the Second Person of the Holy Trinity", said the 80-year-old Kuitert, adopting publicly an informal unitarian stance on the key doctrine of Christian faith, much to the grief of those who continue to love and appreciate the work of Kuitert's mentor Berkouwer.

Another widely read book, both by Protestants and Catholics, is his Het algemeen betwijfeld christelijk geloof (1992), translated as I have my doubts: how to become a Christian without being a fundamentalist (1993). In this book he gives a succinct overview of the gaps he perceives between tradition, dogma, the classic Christian theological themes and the questions of people nowadays. His avowed goal is to go back to the purposes behind the classic forms of Christian doctrine in order to enable the faithful to renew and develop their faith facing the 21st century. His works have been translated into several languages. Critics have argued that this book is an exercise in refined agnosticism, and that Kuitert can no longer be properly considered a Christian theologian.

Links

 * Harry Kuitert and the Possibility of a Public Witness of the Church, brill.com. Accessed 25 September 2023.

title: Harry M. Kuitert