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Florida Botanical Gardens

The Florida Botanical Gardens (FBG) is a 182 acres botanical garden located in Largo, Florida. The park showcases flora, fauna, and natural resources in motivational surroundings that promote environmentally friendly techniques.

History
The idea of the gardens started in 1991 when the Cooperative Extension Service proposed the founding of a new outdoor learning center. The plan gained support from the Pinellas County Commission, which pledged $1 million and 13 additional acres for the new facility.

The Florida Botanical Gardens Foundation (FBGF) is a fund raising entity (501c3) created to provide leadership and financial support for the Florida Botanical Gardens. The FBGF began as the Friends of the Gardens in 1993 for the purposes of encouraging interest in and support for a botanical garden in Pinellas County.

The Friends became the FBGF in 2003 as a cooperative public private partnership with the intent to enrich the cultural and educational opportunities of the community at a significantly reduced cost to the taxpayers. The FBGF has successfully partnered with Pinellas County to maintain, expand and improve the Gardens since then.

The Foundation
The FBGF is committed to creating an environment at the FBG for the community to come together for education, inspiration and enjoyment.

It all began in the late 1990’s when a small group of dedicated garden lovers dreamt of creating a verdant oasis in the heart of Pinellas County. It is through their efforts the FBG opened in December 2000, converting 100 acres in the middle of the most densely populated county in Florida into a diverse garden paradise. The Foundation has been a major supporter of the gardens since its inception. The Foundation consists of a Board of Directors, staff, various committees and volunteers.

The Botanical Bounty Gift Shop is another way the Foundation raises funds for the Gardens, with a focus on the construction of the Majeed Discovery Garden. There is a large selection of botanically-themed items including t-shirts, books, apparel, home goods, children’s items, jewelry, stationery, spa items, and FBG branded merchandise. The Gift Shop is currently located in the Visitor Center of the Ulmerton Entrance. The Tropical Pavilion of the Gardens is currently being converted into a new location for the Gift Shop and Foundation offices.

Types of Gardens
The FBG is divided into several separate demonstration gardens, including a few formal gardens.

The Wedding Garden is a popular place for weddings of any size, including mass weddings. Each year on Valentine's Day, there is a Group Wedding event in which couples can get married or renew their vows in the Wedding Garden. The Butterfly Garden is popular among children and adults alike. Located next to the Visitor Center at the Ulmerton Entrance, butterflies can be seen year-round in this garden. The Cactus/Succulent Garden consists of Agave, Prickly Pear, Desert Rose, Night Blooming Cereus and Crown of Thorns are just a few of the succulents living there. The Cottage Garden is reminiscent of an old fashion English garden with heaps of perennial flowers, vines and small shrubs. Trellises are adorned with roses, White Thunbergia, and Pink Pandorea. The Herb Garden is home to classic herbs that are commonplace in our kitchens, as well as in medicinal purposes. From Lavender to Chinese Cinnamon, their strong aromas excite the senses. The Jazz Garden is light and informal. This happy garden celebrates the movement and color found in this American style of music. Annuals and perennials add that personal touch of color to the area. The McKay Creek Plaza is a work of art in itself, as it is patterns of shell and mosaic. Many social events are held here, including Holiday Lights in the Gardens and many others. The Native Plant Garden showcases all Florida native plants, however not necessarily native to Pinellas County. Native annuals, Marlberry, Firebush, Sugarberry, and Stokes Astor are a few Florida natives found here. The Palm Garden has a Florida Beach theme. Including an umbrella covered seating areas, fountain features, and a pavilion off the plaza for groups to gather. The Rose Garden is an intimate space is a celebration of the world's most cherished plant. Roses are displayed with an emphasis on how to grow and care for them in the Florida landscape. The Topiary Garden is designed to display different forms of topiary and offer a slightly different view of the plant world.

In the Tropical Courtyard, the walled gardens of southern Florida act as an inspiration for this space. Escape the Florida sun under covered porches, plant-laden arbors and shade-giving trees. The Tropical Fruit Garden has a beautiful mural and a seating area as visitors can relax among the Tropical Fruit - including a variety of banana, avocados, mangoes, papayas, and more. On the Tropical Walk, visitors can take a stroll through tropical paradise to experience new colors, textures and plants. This area features plants from Australia, Japan, China, Tropical Islands and South Florida.

The Vinery encompasses several "hubbles" covered with both tropical and temperate vines. Largely non-native, these vines are well adapted and add beauty and utility to the landscape. The Wetlands Walkway and Wildlife Overlook were added in 2018, and give visitors a closer look at the native flora and fauna surrounding its boardwalk trail and viewing areas.

Majeed Discovery Garden
The Majeed Discovery Garden (MDG), a place for children to learn and explore, is projected to open summer 2023. It will be a free and accessible children’s garden, located inside the FBG. The 2+ acres site is located along McKay Creek with 500 linear feet of frontage. It is also adjacent to 1+ acre of wetland and native plant buffer on the east and southern boundaries of the Garden, and will include a pond area for additional exploration of aquatic ecosystems. The creation of a children’s garden within the FBG will allow its visitors to focus on the care and nurture of plants and animals as they interact in creative spaces designed to stimulate all five senses.

The MDG will be a place for hands-on and experiential education in an outdoor setting, with a goal to entice, engage and educate children through discovery and play. Features will consist of an outdoor classroom, sensory garden, pollinator landing, a potting area and more.

The total estimated construction cost is $3,000,000 including design, permits, and construction. $800,000 has been secured from additional donors, including a generous gift from the David Berolzheimer Foundation. The Majeed Foundation has contributed $1,000,000. The FBGF has provided $500,000+ for the initial costs. Annual operational cost will be a function of general maintenance, programming, events, staffing requirements and volunteer participation.

Programs and Partnerships
The Florida Botanical Gardens is managed by Pinellas County Parks and Conservation Resources Department, and have partnerships with many organizations, such as Creative Pinellas, Florida Native Plant Society, FNGLA (Florida Nursery, Growers and Landscape Association), Florida West Coast Orchid Society, UF/IFAS Extension, Heritage Village, PAVA (Professional Association of Visual Artists), Pinellas County 4-H Association, Pinellas County Farm Bureau, Tampa Bay Water, Pinellas County, and Pinellas Community Foundation.

These partnerships create activities and events for people of all ages, including family-friendly programs like scavenger hunts and art exhibitions. The Gardens' formal partnership with University of Florida’s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) also provides opportunities for home gardeners and landscape professionals on various procedures. The FBG is a demonstration garden for UF/IFAS. The Visitor Center at the FBG is home to the Pinellas Extension of UF/IFAS and offers diagnostic services and other information about plants and agriculture. A collaboration with Tampa Bay Water is providing educational outreach, as the FBGF was one of a number of organizations and schools that received a combined $30,000 in grant funds from Tampa Bay Water. $5,500 of this money was used to manufacture and install 15 new educational signs about water use and conservation.

The Foundation collaborates with the Florida West Coast Orchid Society (FWCOS) on some events, including repotting clinics, plant sales, and more. FWCOS is a non-profit plant society dedicated to the preservation and conservation of orchids. They are an affiliated society of the American Orchid Society, and is open to everyone interested in the culture, enjoyment and study of orchids.

Membership
The FBGF consists of just under 800 members of various levels. Members enjoy discounts, special invitations, and other exclusive benefits such as acceptance into the American Horticulture Society's Reciprocal Admissions Program (RAP). The RAP affords FBGF members discounts on admission and other services at over 300 botanical gardens and arboreta across the U.S., Canada and a number of Caribbean Isles. FBGF members also receive discounts in the FBGF Gift Shop and in other local nurseries.

In addition to the monetary benefits, FBGF members can take part in exclusive events such as the Holiday Lights Preview Party, in which they get an first-access look at the 1 million twinkling lights. The Foundation hosts its members-only Annual Meeting to bring its members together and celebrate the growth of the Gardens.

Events
A significant part of fundraising for the FBGF comes from events. The largest and longest duration event consists of Holiday Lights in the Gardens, its annual winter fundraiser. The event begins the day after Thanksgiving and ends the first day of the new year. The Gardens sparkles with 1 million, twinkling, LED lights in a multitude of colors. Vibrant laser lights and lighted figures round out our display to wow guests of all ages. The Pinellas African American Heritage Celebration (PAAHC) is a one-day festival showcasing Black history and culture at Pinewood Cultural Park (Florida Botanical Gardens, Heritage Village, Creative Pinellas). The goal of this festival is to exhibit the diversity within Pinellas County. It aims to highlight the many talents of the students within Pinellas County Schools, talented local artists, entrepreneurs, and restaurateurs. The Florida Native plant Symposium aims to educate the public on Florida’s native plants. This event has keynote speakers, vendors, breakout sessions, and tours showcasing the Gardens' Florida native plants. The Tour of Private and Public Gardens is a collaboration between the FBG and local garden owners. Event-goers receive guided tours of the FBG, as well as private access to beautiful and varied Pinellas County gardens. Pumpkin Fest is a fall-themed festival that showcases a pumpkin patch, a scarecrow contest, pumpkin carving, and other activities. Outside vendors take part in this event by providing information and other activities. The Foundation's Botanical Bounty Gift Shop showcases its seasonal items for sale. Hops Night in the Gardens is a partnership between the Foundation and local breweries, creating a beer sampling event open to the public. Hops Night 2022 occurred in the winter-time, allowing visitors to enjoy beer under the twinkling holiday lights. The Gift & Plant Sale also takes place during the winter holiday season, allowing event-goers to shop various gift and plant vendors while enjoying the lights. Gift & Plant Sale 2022 also consisted of an auction of an assortment of items.

Third Saturdays at Pinewood is a collaboration between the Pinewood Partners: The Florida Botanical Gardens, Creative Pinellas and Heritage Village. On the third Saturday of every month, the partners invite the public to take place in events that connect all three organizations. Throughout the year, there are many other events mixed in, such as wreath workshops, plant sales, garden tours and more. These events also invite the community to get involved through volunteering.

title: Florida Botanical Gardens


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Tennessee River Gorge

The Tennessee River Gorge is a 26 mi canyon formed by the Tennessee River known locally as Cash Canyon. It is the fourth largest river gorge in the Eastern United States. The gorge is cut into the Cumberland Plateau as the river winds its way into Alabama from Tennessee. The Tennessee River Gorge was also known as Walden Gorge. Walden Ridge originally extended across the present path of the Tennessee River at the gorge to Sand Mountain.

Ecology
The Tennessee River Gorge is home to endangered species like the mountain skullcap.

History
Many archaeological sites have been discovered in the gorge that show that people have been dwelling in the canyon for at least 10,000 years.

Prior to the completion of Hales Bar Dam in 1913 and the subsequent raising of the water level, the stretch of the Tennessee River flowing through the gorge was notorious for its navigational hazards, whirlpools, eddies, shoals, and one huge rock. Beginning with Williams' Island and the sandbars on either side of it, these obstructions included Tumbling Shoals, the Holston Rock, the Kettle, the Suck Shoals, the Deadman's Eddy, the Pot, the Skillet, the Pan, and, finally, the ten-mile Narrows, ending with Hale's Bar.

As of 2018, 17,000 acres of land in the gorge out of 27,000 acres sought for preservation have been purchased or otherwise secured for conservation by the Tennessee River Gorge Trust, a non-profit conservation trust founded in 1981. The trust also does scientific studies, develops trails, and conducts education efforts. Prentice Cooper State Forest is on the northern edge of the gorge.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Tennessee River Gorge


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Reliance Capital

Reliance Capital Limited is an Indian diversified financial services holding company promoted by Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group. Reliance Capital, a constituent of Nifty Midcap 50 and MSCI Global Small Cap Index, is a part of the Reliance Group. It is amongst India's leading and most valuable financial services companies in the private sector. As on 31 March 2017, the net worth of the company stood at ₹16,548 crore, while its total assets as on the date stood at ₹82,209 crore. In Fortune India 500 list of 2018, Reliance Capital was ranked as the 77th largest corporation in India with 5th rank in 'Non-Banking Finance' category.

Reliance Capital has businesses in asset management, mutual funds, life insurance and general insurance, commercial finance, home finance, stock broking, wealth management services, distribution of financial products, private equity, asset reconstruction, proprietary investments and other activities in financial services. The company operates across India and has over 20 million customers and workforce of approximately 15,595 as of 1 May 2017.

Anil Ambani, promoter of Reliance Group is the Chairman of Reliance Capital, while Amitabh Jhunjhunwala is the Vice-Chairman and Anmol Ambani as the Executive Director.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) had on 29 November 2021 superseded the board of Reliance Capital in view of payment defaults and serious governance issues.

As of November 2022, the company is under the control of the Reserve Bank of India

History
Reliance Capital Limited was incorporated in 1986 at Ahmedabad in Gujarat as Reliance Capital & Finance Trust Limited. The name Reliance Capital came into effect on 5 January 1995.

In 2002, Reliance Capital Ltd shifted its registered office to Jamnagar in Gujarat before it finally moved to Mumbai in Maharashtra, in 2006.

In 2006, Reliance Capital Ventures Limited merged with Reliance Capital. With this merger the shareholder base of Reliance Capital rose from 0.15 million shareholders to 1.3 million.

Reliance Capital entered the capital market with a maiden public issue in 1990 and in subsequent years further tapped the capital market through rights issue and public issues. The equity shares were initially listed on the Ahmedabad Stock Exchange and the Stock Exchange Mumbai. The equity shares are listed on the Stock Exchange Mumbai and the National Stock Exchange of India.

In June 2019, auditors of PwC resigned citing that they weren't allowed to carry on their audits if Reliance Capital prevented it from exercising independent judgment in making a report to the members of the company. In a recent development, the auditors revealed that the recoverables of Rs. 7083 crore were actually inter corporate deposits of other Reliance group companies that were being diverted. On the other hand, Reliance has claimed that there has been no diversion of money; zero loans and or liquidity have been provided by any lender in the PwC audited period. Reliance Capital is confident that the report of the continuing auditor will establish that there were no irregularities.

Non-banking finance company
Reliance Capital obtained its registration as a non-banking finance company (NBFC) in December 1998. It has since diversified its activities in the areas of asset management, life and general insurance, commercial finance, stock broking, private equity and proprietary investments, asset reconstruction, distribution of financial products and other activities in financial services.

Credit rating
Reliance Capital has a net debt equity ratio of 1.88 as of 31 March 2017. It is one of the top rated Indian financial institutions and has the highest ratings of 'A1+’ by ICRA and CRISIL for its short term borrowing program, and 'CARE D' by CARE for its long term borrowing program.

Operations
Reliance Capital offers a range of financial services in many business lines. The company is one of the most diversified financial services firms in India with interests expanding from asset management, insurance, commercial finance, broking, private equity to other niche financial services.

Its prominent businesses are as follows:

Reliance General Insurance
Reliance General Insurance Company Limited is an Indian insurance company, part of Reliance Capital Ltd. The firm has a 7.3% market share in the private sector and has the largest agency channel, with over 24,500 agents. The CEO and Executive Director is Rakesh Jain.

The company has strengthened and diversified its distribution network by forging partnerships with major banks. Reliance General Insurance is an active participant in various government crop insurance schemes, including the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojna, and has insured over 3 million farmers under this financial inclusion initiative. The total gross written premium (GWP) for the year which ended 31 March 2017, was inr 40070000000. Reliance General Insurance (RGI) offers insurance for auto, health, home, property, travel, marine, commercial and other specialty products.

Reliance Commercial Finance
Reliance Commercial Finance is among the leading lenders in the Indian non-banking finance sector. The CEO and Executive Director of the company is Devang Mody.

The company has an operational presence of over 44 locations in India and an AUM of 16759 Cr. as in March 2017. Reliance Commercial Finance offers a wide range of products which include business expansion loans, property loans, vehicle loans, construction equipment loans, infrastructure, microfinance and agriculture loans. The company had a loan book at ₹124.36 billion (US$2.1 billion) as on 31 March 2017, with over 268,278 customers (including microfinance) across India.

Reliance Home Finance Limited
Ravindra Sudhalkar is the CEO and Executive Director of the company.

Reliance Home Finance Limited (RHF), a 100% subsidiary of Reliance Capital, provides home loans, LAP, construction finance, and affordable housing loans. The company has over 1,750 distributors serving over 33,300 customers across 90 locations, through a hub and spoke model, across the country.

The company filed for IPO in 2017 and the shares got listed on National Stock Exchange of India Limited and BSE Limited in the same year. The stock price recorded a fall of more than 95% within 2 years of its IPO.

Reliance Securities
Reliance Securities, the broking and distribution arm of Reliance Capital, is one of India's leading retail broking houses. B Gopkumar is the Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director of its broking and distribution business.

The distribution business has approximately 80 branches across India.

Reliance Asset Reconstruction
Reliance Asset Reconstruction is an asset reconstruction company, the principal sponsor/shareholder of which is Reliance Group (through Reliance Capital). The AUM as on 31 March 2017, stands at Rs. 1,829 crore (previous year: Rs. 1488 crore).

Reliance Health Insurance
Ravi Vishwanath is the CEO and Executive Director of Reliance Health Insurance.

Reliance Health Insurance is a Standalone Health Insurance Company promoted solely by Reliance Capital It was established on 7 May 2017. The company is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra and has started operations on 10 December 2018.

Major deals
In 2011, Reliance Capital sold 26% stake in its life insurance business, Reliance Life Insurance, to Nippon Life Insurance (Nissay), amongst the world's largest life insurers, with an AUM of over $600 billion. The transaction was completed at Rs. 3,082 crore for a 26 per cent stake, valuing Reliance Life Insurance at $2.6 billion.

In 2012, Nippon Life Insurance bought 26% stake in Reliance Capital Asset Management for Rs. 1,450 crore.

Reports indicate that Reliance Capital is also planning to sell a 26% stake in its general insurance business, Reliance General Insurance, at an appropriate time. India's leading financial daily Economic Times wrote, "Since Reliance General Insurance is one of the leading players with 8.4 per cent market share, the proposed stake sale is expected to generate handsome capital gains for Reliance Capital... Besides de-leveraging the balance sheet, the ongoing restructuring should also help Reliance Capital conserve capital and generate better return ratios."

Reliance Capital in July 2014 announced the merger of its global film and media services business with Prime Focus to create an entity with a combined turnover of over Rs 1,800 crore.

In July 2017, it sold its 1% share in Paytm to China's Alibaba Group for Rs 275 crore, making a profit of 2,600%.

In September 2019, it sold 21.54% stake in Reliance Nippon Life Asset Management to Nippon Life Insurance Company alongside completely exiting its entire stake in wholly owned subsidiaries Reliance Capital Trustee Co and Reliance Capital AIF Trustee Company.

title: Reliance Capital


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Scutellaria montana

Scutellaria montana, with the common names largeflower skullcap, large-flowered skullcap and mountain skullcap, is a perennial forb first described by Alvan Chapman in 1878. This narrowly endemic species is found in the southeastern United States in parts of the Ridge and Valley and Cumberland Plateau Physiographic Provinces. Populations have been documented from four Tennessee counties and nine Georgia counties and is protected under the US Endangered Species act as it is a threatened species. The Latin specific epithet montana refers to mountains or coming from mountains.

Description
This plant has a single, erect square stem and may grow 30 to 60 cm in height. The leaves are simple, opposite in arrangement, lanceolate to ovate with crenate to serrate margins, and the blades are 5 to 8 cm long and 3 to 5 cm wide. Characteristic to this species, the leaves have a soft pubescence with glandular and non-glandular hairs on both surfaces. As the common name suggests, the inflorescence are large at 2.6 to 3.5 cm long; flowers are terminal and blue and white in color. Another characteristic specific to this species and used to distinguish it from other Scutellaria species is that the inflorescence lack an annulus within the corolla tube near the top of the calyx; this is the only species of Scutellaria Section Annulatae that is exannulate. Flowers bloom from mid-May to June, and fruits mature in June and early July.

Habitat
This plant grows in mid- to late-successional forests dominated by oak and pine trees, most often Quercus alba, Q. velutina, and/or Q. montana, and Pinus echinata or P. taeda. The soil is acidic, rocky, and shallow, sometimes as shallow as 3 centimeters. It is dry to somewhat moist in the habitat. Other plants in the habitat include Desmodium spp., Hexastylis spp., Chimaphila maculata, and Cornus florida.

This plant was federally listed as an endangered species in 1986. When more populations were discovered, it was downlisted to threatened status in 2002. It is still threatened by human activity such as logging, suburban development, and quarrying.

title: Scutellaria montana


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Snowboard Kids

Snowboard Kids (スノボキッズ), is a snowboarding video game for the Nintendo 64. It was developed by Racdym and published by Atlus. Many reviewers compared its style to that of the Mario Kart series. An enhanced port, Snowboard Kids Plus, was released in Japan in January 1999 for the PlayStation.

Gameplay
In addition to the usual gameplay of a snowboarding game, Snowboard Kids adds "Shots" (special weapons used to attack players) and items which can help the player, hinder other players, or both.

Modes of play include a single-player adventure game, head-to-head racing between up to four players, and time trials.

The game has nine main courses. Although many of the courses are snowy mountains, some are courses that would be unorthodox for snowboarding in the real world. Such courses include an amusement park, a desert, a vast valley, a dark highway, and a Japanese village during the cherry blossom festival. Each track has a unique shape, containing various obstacles, hazards, and short-cuts.

There are two item slots, allowing each player to carry a shooting item and support item (such as a rock, or invisibility) at the same time. Players are required to pay 100 gold in order to collect an item during a race. Gold can be obtained either through performing tricks or collecting coins scattered across the course. All courses also require players to race down the hill for multiple laps. At the bottom of the hill, the player needs to pass through the lift gate to be transported back to the top of the hill, and cannot be attacked by other players in this transition.

Playable characters
Snowboard Kids features six playable characters: Slash, Nancy, Jam, Linda, Tommy, and Shinobin, the last being the only unlockable character in the game, becoming available after the player completes all nine tracks. The characters have three aspects which affect their racing style: speed, which determines the straight line speed of the character; corner, which determines how quickly the character is able to turn; and trick, which determines the hangtime characters get while jumping, allowing for tricks to be executed to earn the player coins.

Development
The game was showcased at the Tokyo Game Show held on September 5–7, 1997.

Reception
The game was generally well received by critics. The most common criticism made against it was lack of originality, with most reviews characterizing it as a Mario Kart clone which fails to offer any meaningful innovation to interest Mario Kart enthusiasts. However, most concluded that while the lack of innovation prevents Snowboard Kids from being a great game, it is still a good one. Some of the more common praises were that the controls are smooth and effectively communicate the sensation of snowboarding,  the course designs are inventive and pleasing,   and the variety of modes and minigames offer a good deal of depth and replay value. IGN referred to the game as "a solid title that incorporates the graphic and gameplay styles of Mario Kart into a snowboarding environment. The result is a satisfyingly cute snow racer that's sure to please gamers more interested in a simplistic shreddin' experience than a realistic one." Next Generation stated that "In the final analysis, Snowboard Kids is an entertaining title that, despite its lack of originality, does most things right. Considering the infrequency of truly compelling N64 titles, gamers could do worse than spending some time on the slopes with Snowboard Kids."

Computer and Video Games dismissed Snowboard Kids as "very average and not worth more than a few hours play." GamePro commented that the game lacks longevity and that many gamers would not have the stomach to endure its "stifling kiddie atmosphere", but found that the game offers enough underlying depth and fun, especially in multiplayer mode, to be an outstanding experience for the right players. They recommended renting it to test out one's taste for it. The Electronic Gaming Monthly review team were more unreservedly enthusiastic. Crispin Boyer was particularly pleased with the way power-ups are purchased rather than merely collected and how, similarly to Mario Kart 64, the power-ups are used to dynamically balance the race to always be a close contest. Contradicting the usual assessment that Snowboard Kids lacks originality, his co-reviewer Dan Hsu commented, "This Mario-Kart-on-the-snowy-slopes sleeper hit has just about everything going for it: solid controls, great graphics and semiradical action. This is more than just a Mario Kart wanna-be - a few new features make it stand out over its competition."

In a retrospective review, Nintendo Life concluded that "With bold, colourful graphics, tons of charm, memorable tunes and, most importantly, tight gameplay, Snowboard Kids is worthy of a place in anyone’s collection. Atlus’s first foray into the world of snowboarding on the Nintendo 64 may not present a particularly lengthy challenge or deep experience, but it can always be relied upon to provide a quick blast of fun now and then, alone or with friends."

Sequels
In 1999 a sequel, Snowboard Kids 2, was released for the Nintendo 64. SBK: Snowboard Kids was released for the Nintendo DS in 2005.

title: Snowboard Kids


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Beatriz Parra Durango

Beatriz Parra Durango (born 1940) is an Ecuadorian classical soprano.

Early life and education
Parra Durango was born in Guayaquil the only child of Antonio Parra (1900-1994) and journalist Dora Durango Lopez (1916-1999). Parra's first studies took place at the Conservatory Antonio Neumane in Guayaquil, where she became the soloist of the Conservatory's choir.

Career
In 1957, she received her first prize when she participated in the competition "Searching for a Voice in Ecuador", organized by the House of Culture and Radio CRE. That same year she became part of the cast of the Lyrical Ensemble of the House of Culture.

In 1958, she performed for the first time as a soloist onstage in the role of Duchess Carolina in the zarzuela "Luisa Fernanda". In 1959, she sang the lead role in the Spanish opera Marina under the direction of the Spanish Maestro Carlos Arijita. In 1960 she travelled to Moscow on a scholarship given by the Ministry of Culture of the then USSR, and studied classical singing at the Moscow Conservatory, studying under Nina Dorliak, wife to pianist Sviatoslav Richter. She graduated with the Award For Excellence in 1966.

In 1965, she won the silver medal and second place in the International Vocal Competition organized by the city of Toulouse, France. She sang as a soloist with the Philharmonic Orchestra of Moscow and the Moscow Chamber Orchestra. That same year she received the gold medal in the Musical Competition of George Enesco, Romania. She earned several first places in vocal competitions in Barcelona and Santiago de Compostela. In 1975 she received the award "Conchita Badía" in Santiago de Compostela.

For fifteen years she was a prima donna and soloist with the Colombia Opera Theater, where her repertoire included verismo such as Verdi and Puccini, romanticists such as Donizetti and classicists such as Mozart. She performed the role of Michaela in Carmen for the Bolshoi Opera House. In the fall of 2001 she was a guest performer of the Iberoamerican Culture Festival.

Personal life
Parra Durango married Enrique Gil, with whom she had her only daughter, singer and classical trainee Beatriz Gil Parra.

Currently, although retired, she teaches voice as head of the Beatriz Parra Foundation, along with the Armenian baritone Konstantin Simonian.

title: Beatriz Parra Durango


text:
Talk:Tangerang

The photo that claims to be from 1472 in the gallery is clearly wrongly described
This says the problem.

I see that the map is wrong. It is not the map of the city of Tangerang but rather the regency of Tangerang. -Anonymous-

 * Yeah and the article needs to be split in the City or Municipality of Tangerang and the Regency of Tangerang. Meursault2004 23:06, 9 May 2005 (UTC)

@Davidliet Kontol.

Hey David, I am a Tangerang Origin. I more understand from you that peoples who majority in Tangerang City are Betawi peoples. Not Sundanese. Ahmadianka (talk) 01:05, 23 January 2020 (UTC)

I live in Tangerang for 30 years. So I more understand than you about Tangerang Peoples. Ahmadianka (talk) 01:05, 23 January 2020 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Banten seal.gif
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DAVIDLIET
Hey David, I am a Tangerang people. So, I more understand than you about Tangerang peoples.

Peoples who majority in Tangerang City are Batavian people or Betawi People. In Tangerang City or South Tangerang, Betawi peoples are majority. Sundanese peoples are number two and dominant minority in Tangerang City and South Tangerang.

If you said that Sundanese peoples are majority, Yes right. But, majority in Tangerang Regency, not in Tangerang City or South Tangerang.

Do you Understand????? Ahmadianka (talk) 01:09, 23 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Hi. What you understand is not important here - Wikipedia articles need sources. Please see WP:CITE. Regards Davidelit (Talk) 07:39, 23 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tangerang


text:
Christian of Denmark

Christian of Denmark may refer to:
 * Christian I of Denmark (1426–1481), King of Denmark 1448–1481, Norway 1450–1481, and Sweden 1457–1464
 * Christian II of Denmark (1481–1559), King of Denmark and Norway 1513–1523
 * Christian III of Denmark (1503–1559), King of Denmark 1534–1559 and Norway 1537–1559
 * Christian IV of Denmark (1577–1648), King of Denmark and Norway 1588–1648
 * Christian V of Denmark (1646–1699), King of Denmark and Norway 1670–1699
 * Christian VI of Denmark (1699–1746), King of Denmark and Norway 1730–1746
 * Christian VII of Denmark (1749–1808), King of Denmark and Norway 1766–1808
 * Christian VIII of Denmark (1786–1848), King of Denmark 1839–1848 and Norway 1814
 * Christian IX of Denmark (1818–1906), King of Denmark 1863–1906
 * Christian X of Denmark (1870–1947), King of Denmark 1912–1947 and Iceland 1918–1944
 * Christian, Prince-Elect of Denmark (1603–1647), son of Christian IV
 * Prince Christian of Denmark (1675–1695), son of Christian V
 * Christian, Crown Prince of Denmark (born 2005), son of Frederik X

title: Christian of Denmark


text:
Bar Harbor Airlines

Bar Harbor Airlines was a commuter airline in the United States that operated from 1950 until it merged with Britt Airways in 1991. It was headquartered at Hancock County–Bar Harbor Airport in Trenton, Maine, and later in Houston, Texas.

History
The company was founded by brothers Thomas and Joseph Caruso, as Bar Harbor Airways. They began flying charters and scenic flights from the Bar Harbor town dock. By 1950, they had established a base of operations at the Hancock County–Bar Harbor Airport.

Operating as Bar Harbor Airways, the company started scheduled commuter flights in 1968, initially offering only flights to Bangor International Airport with jointly-marketed direct connections provided to Northeast Airlines flights to Boston Logan Airport and beyond.

The collaboration with Northeast Airlines did not last long and direct flights from Bar Harbor to Boston were soon initiated to replace the connecting flights operated via Bangor.

The Boston route proved popular and in 1972, now operating as Bar Harbor Airlines, the airline expanded its route system to five airports including an international route from Boston to Quebec City via Portland and Bangor, Maine.

By 1974, the airline offered round-trip services between each city it served. Being a commuter airline made this easy, as each of its services consisted of short flights with quick turnaround times, and, with a large number of aircraft available, Bar Harbor had hubs in every city it served. During the 1970s, Bar Harbor Airlines primarily used Cessna 402's and 310's, later adding Beech 99 aircraft.

The airline also offered cargo service to the destinations it served. Bar Harbor's first crash, on August 16, 1976, was on a cargo flight from Bangor International Airport in Bangor, Maine, to Bar Harbor. The airplane carried only one person, the pilot, and he was not injured. Peter Monighetti, chief pilot for the airline, was ferrying a Beechcraft 99 airplane from Bangor when the plane crashed on a ridge in Lamoine, Maine. Monighetti had been making an approach upon Bar Harbor Airport, located across the Jordan River in Trenton, Maine.

In May 1978, the company announced the establishment service between Portland and Hartford, Maine. At this time, T. J. Caruso was president of the company.

The airline's second accident proved to be tragic. On May 16, 1978, a flight carrying company founder Thomas Caruso, his son Gary Caruso (Vice President of the company) and two other company pilots, Peter Monighetti and Malcolm Connell, crashed in heavy fog near Bar Harbor Airport in Trenton, Maine. There were no survivors. The cause of the crash was later ruled to be a manufacturer defect and several family members of the crash victims received cash settlements from the manufacturer of the aircraft.

On August 25, 1985, a Beechcraft Model 99 operating as Flight 1808 crashed while landing in Auburn, Maine. Two crew members and six passengers, including Samantha Smith, died in the crash.

1980s
Other than the crash in 1985 of a Beechcraft that carried Samantha Smith, the airline did not receive much bad publicity outside New England after the accident. This was partly because commuter air carriers are generally known only around the communities they serve. Bar Harbor Airlines decided to make Boston's Logan International Airport its only permanent base, apart from the Bar Harbor airport hub. Also during this decade, the airline bought some Convair CV-600, CASA C-212 Aviocar, Saab 340, Beechcraft 1900, and ATR 42 turboprops, putting them into service immediately. Bar Harbor began to operate flights under a code-share agreement with Eastern Air Lines, and later with Continental Airlines.

As of 1982, Bar Harbor had an agreement with Eastern to handle reservations at some airports.

In April 1987, Texas Air Corporation purchased 50% of Bar Harbor Airlines and arrange for the sale of its own Provincetown-Boston Airlines (PBA) to Bar Harbor. Texas Air had acquired PBA through its merger with People Express, and already owned Eastern Airlines and Continental Airlines. At the time, Provincetown-Boston (PBA) was operating as Continental Express, and Bar Harbor as Eastern Express. Texas Air continued to operate the consolidated PBA/Bar Harbor as a commuter carrier for both Continental and Eastern, with hub operations at Boston, New York/LaGuardia, Newark, Philadelphia, Tampa and Miami.

In October 1988, a Bar Harbor commuter flight was involved in an incident where it came much closer than usual to Air Force One, with Ronald Reagan on board, during both plane's descent to Newark, New Jersey; the incident was found to be due to a cumulation of errors at four separate FAA facilities along the east coast.

In 1989 Bar Harbor moved its headquarters to Houston, Texas from Maine after the state refused to renew a multimillion-dollar tax break.

1990s
With additional aircraft financing, Texas International Airlines (through Eastern and Continental) acquired a majority interest in Bar Harbor. Bar Harbor stopped flying its older aircraft and the older PBA aircraft by the beginning of 1990 in favor of newer, modern aircraft. After Eastern's strike, bankruptcy filing, and ultimate separation from Texas Air, Bar Harbor too had to be divided between the two carriers. The aircraft fleet was divided between the two parents; the Saab 340s and Beechcraft 99s went to Eastern, and the ATR 42s went to Continental. The routes were divided between the two carriers. The Miami and Tampa hubs went to Eastern and continued operating as Eastern Express, while the Newark, LaGuardia, and Boston hubs went to Continental and operated as Continental Express. Employees were given the choice of going with either the Eastern Express division or the Continental Express portion of Bar Harbor. The Bar Harbor Airlines name and operating certificate ironically went to Eastern for the Florida operation. Continental then merged the New England portion of Bar Harbor and PBA with its other commuter carriers: Britt Airways (based in Terre Haute, Indiana) and Rocky Mountain Airways (based in Denver), and operated Continental Express under the Britt Airways certificate.

Bar Harbor Airlines and its parent Eastern Air Lines suffered economically from the Gulf War of 1991. Rising fuel costs from the war, as well as management and labor issues were contributing factors in Eastern's demise. Only two months after Eastern stopped flying in January 1991, Bar Harbor ceased flying as Eastern Express. Efforts by a small group of investors were made to purchase Bar Harbor's former Eastern Express assets prior to their liquidation but ultimately proved futile as they too were liquidated along with the remains of Eastern.

Bar Harbor's former northern routes continued to grow and develop operating as Continental Express, now under the Britt Airways operating certificate. By 1992, Continental Express gave up the original Bar Harbor route (Bar Harbor to Boston) to Colgan Air, as well as the Boston and LaGuardia hubs completely, consolidating East coast operations at Newark. Many of the former Bar Harbor and PBA cities (Bangor, Portland, Presque Isle, Burlington, Hartford, Manchester, Albany, Philadelphia, Hyannis) continued to operate with flights to Newark using ex-Bar Harbor ATR 42.

Livery
During the 1970s, the airline featured a rather simple, small yellow cheatline livery on otherwise all-white airplanes. Later, a bold livery of single red and blue stripes separated by large blue stars was adopted. As an Eastern Express carrier, Bar Harbor utilized a modified Eastern Airlines color scheme including a flared "hockey stick" livery on the tail.

Incidents and accidents
The following are major incidents and accidents that occurred involving Bar Harbor aircraft.

title: Bar Harbor Airlines


text:
Talk:Townland (Scotland)

Does this article belong to the category Sub-divisions of Scotland? Laurel Bush 09:28, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC).

Merger with Townland
Seems not to be any thing in the article which is not in Townland. Thinking I should make it a redirect. Laurel Bush 18:12, 20 January 2006 (UTC).

title: Talk:Townland (Scotland)


text:
User talk:Pests

Welcome, ! I noticed that you placed a vote on Votes for deletion/Netbux. Participation in the community is encouraged, of course, but your status as a brand new user means that your vote might not be counted. Please understand that this is a common practice on Wikipedia, and that it is necessary to prevent deliberate misuse of our voting systems. Straw polls on Wikipedia are meant to measure community consensus, and should not necessarily be taken as literal one-member one-vote voting. However, please do make further contributions to Wikipedia, and express your opinion on policy matters. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:29, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pests


text:
File:150px-BroughSuperiorlogo.jpg

Summary
Brough Superior logo

title: File:150px-BroughSuperiorlogo.jpg


text:
Jay Williams

Jay Williams may refer to:

Music

 * J. Williams (singer) (born 1986), New Zealand R&B singer
 * Jay Williams, retired British musician, former member of British band Love City Groove (1994–96)
 * Jay Williams, guitarist and composer, former member of British band The Broken Family Band (2002–2009)

Sports

 * Jay Williams (American football) (born 1971), professional football player
 * Jay Williams (basketball) (born 1981), also known as Jason Williams, professional basketball player
 * Jay Williams (footballer) (born 2000), English footballer for Harrogate Town

Other people

 * Jay Williams (author) (1914–1978), author of children's books
 * Jay Williams (Medal of Honor) (1872–1938), American sailor and Medal of Honor recipient
 * Jay Williams (politician) (born 1971), mayor of Youngstown, Ohio

title: Jay Williams


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Second row

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was redirect to Rugby union positions. moink 02:10, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

Second Row
Not needed as Rugby union positions already exists and has more detail. The title is also bound to cause problems.GordyB 09:31, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Rugby union positions - a much more comprehensive article Anilocra 15:11, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Rugby union positions. Megan1967 06:58, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User:Belindacarlisle4eva

Hello my name is tom Ash. i live in Crawley, England. As you may know by the name of my user name I love Belinda Carlisle, and have been a fan of her's since 1990.

I am also related to Leslie Ash, very distantly but as you can see from my second name we are related.

title: User:Belindacarlisle4eva


text:
Talk:Eldest

GA fail
This is a good beginning for the Eldest article, but some significant revisions and additions still need to be made:

 * The description of the plot in the lead could be expanded by a sentence or two. For someone who has not read either book, it would not make much sense.
 * ✅ Shrewpelt (talk) 12:46, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

 * The third paragraph of the lead offers too many details that belong in the body of the article.
 * ✅ Shrewpelt (talk) 19:57, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

 * The lead needs to be a summary of the article per WP:LEAD. Information about the book's reception and the movie adaptation are missing.
 * ✅ Shrewpelt 12:51, 3 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Though it won't be completely done until it summarises sections which don't actually exist yet (i.e. the themes section). Una LagunaTalk 16:04, 3 December 2007 (UTC)
 * ✅ Shrewpelt (talk) 02:43, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

 * The plot summary should be reduced - we are not SparkNotes. It is also hard to follow the summary. I have read the first book, but not this one. I found it difficult to sift through this and find the narrative thread. Include only the most important parts of the story.
 * ✅ Shrewpelt (talk) 04:54, 6 January 2008 (UTC)

 * A "Themes" section, based on reviews at this point and on scholarship once it is published, is a necessity. Articles about novels must discuss the themes of the book, not just their plot.
 * ✅ Shrewpelt (talk) 02:43, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

 * A section on "Literary style and genre" would be an excellent idea - in what ways does this book draw on the fantasy genre, for example? It seems like the reviews had a lot to say about that.
 * ✅ Shrewpelt (talk) 19:21, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

 * A section offering background information on the first book might help readers unfamiliar with it.
 * ✅ Shrewpelt (talk) 02:47, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

 * The prose is repetitive in the "Critical reception" section - the book's indebtedness to other fantasy works does not have to be stated repeatedly - it can be stated once.
 * ✅ Shrewpelt (talk) 00:26, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I would also suggest that the links in the article be reworked according to WP:MOS-L.
 * ✅ Shrewpelt (talk) 00:10, 3 January 2008 (UTC)

If you have any questions about this review, feel free to drop me a line on my talk page. Awadewit | talk  21:09, 28 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Here is some additional areas to work on:
 * The following suggestions were generated by a semi-automatic javascript program, and might not be applicable for the article in question.
 * The lead of this article may be too long, or may contain too many paragraphs. Please follow guidelines at WP:LEAD; be aware that the lead should adequately summarize the article.[?]
 * Per Wikipedia:Context and Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates), months and days of the week generally should not be linked. Years, decades, and centuries can be linked if they provide context for the article.[?]
 * The script has spotted the following contractions: don't, if these are outside of quotations, they should be expanded.
 * I just checked for the "don't", it is in a quotation. Shrewpelt (talk) 20:49, 2 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Please ensure that the article has gone through a thorough copyediting so that it exemplifies some of Wikipedia's best work. See also User:Tony1/How to satisfy Criterion 1a.[?]
 * You may wish to browse through User:AndyZ/Suggestions for further ideas. Thanks, Sunny910910 (talk 02:58, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

Sorry
I just forgot to log on and added the ArticleHistory template. Sorry! Shrewpelt (talk) 14:01, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

Barnes and Noble as a source
As Barnes and Noble is selling these books, can we really take their review as a legitimate criticism? To me, it's the equivalent of looking at the book sleeve for an unbiased review of the book... —Preceding unsigned comment added by DeviantCharles (talk • contribs) 09:09, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

GAC again?
I've addressed all concerns that the reviewer had, so I think this article might get GA now. Are there any comments or concerns about me proposing Eldest? Shrewpelt (talk) 19:44, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * A couple of points stick out which shouldn't take too long to fix:
 * One- and two-sentence paragraphs should be avoided where possible. Try to merge/expand paragraphs to fix this.
 * ✅ Shrewpelt (talk) 02:55, 28 January 2008 (UTC)
 * "Also" is used quite a bit. The repetition hurts the prose quality.
 * ✅ Shrewpelt (talk) 02:55, 28 January 2008 (UTC)
 * If you look at other good articles, they don't source the plot summary (I imagine it's assumed that you're sourcing it from the novel). Having a [5] at the end of each paragraph also looks a bit rubbish. I'd suggest just deleting them.
 * ✅ Shrewpelt (talk) 02:55, 28 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Otherwise, looks fine. Disclaimer: Una Laguna has no real experience with Good Articles in the novel field. Una LagunaTalk 20:49, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

I have these three things down. Any other comments? Shrewpelt (talk) 02:55, 28 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Nothing obvious seems to be wrong with the article. The only reason a GA reviewer might get annoyed at the length of the Themes/Literary Style sections is because there isn't much information available anyway. That's probably the main thing they'd pick up on. I don't think this article's going to get a quickfail now so we might as well go for it. Insert disclaimer here. Una LagunaTalk 06:47, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

That is bothering me too, and I plan to continue expanding the article during its GAC period. I've just expanded the Themes section a bit. Shrewpelt (talk) 02:45, 29 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I just expanded the Literary style and genre section. I think it's time propose Eldest! Any more comment? I'll propose tomorrow if there are no objections. Shrewpelt (talk) 21:41, 3 February 2008 (UTC)

Successful good article nomination
I am glad to report that this article nomination for good article status has been promoted. This is how the article, as of February 23, 2008, compares against the six good article criteria:

 * 1. Well written?: Pass. Excellent lead section and good plot summary for such a large book
 * 2. Factually accurate?: Pass
 * 3. Broad in coverage?: Pass
 * 4. Neutral point of view?: Pass
 * 5. Article stability? Pass
 * 6. Images?: Needed to tweak the fair use rationale but Pass

Future improvements could be designing a table for the release dates of the book. More notable information could be added on the other editions. How well did the deluxe edition sell? How was it recieved in other countries, did it make best selling lists their as well or is it unknown? Any real world information about the actual writing process would also improve the article, how long did the book take the write for instance. Is it known if anything significant was cut from the book? Hope these give you some ideas for future expansion! If you feel that this review is in error, feel free to take it to Good article reassessment. Thank you to all of the editors who worked hard to bring it to this status, and congratulations. — Million_Moments (talk) 23:20, 23 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Oh and you could add information about the book launch if any is avalible. Million_Moments (talk) 10:54, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Bravo Shrewpelt and co! Una LagunaTalk 19:11, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Congradulations!--Sunny910910 (talk 00:42, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

Thank you! Shrewpelt (talk) 01:54, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

Orrin?
When I search the site for "Orrin" I am redirected to this page –which as far as I can tell– has no mentions of that word whatsoever. I would expect to be directed to a disambiguation page, since there is at least one infamous American senator with that name.
 * I have added a hatnote about Orin. seresin | wasn't he just...? 01:49, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

ONCE AGIN i have to say this on this page!!!! Orrin is King Orrin of Surda!!! He is a character!!!! good greif User:Dursely —Preceding comment was added at 19:01, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

Archival?
This talk page is getting a bit long. Does anyone else think it should be archived? Shrewpelt (talk) 20:14, 16 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I've archived everything from earlier than this year. seresin | wasn't he just...? 20:32, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

Significance of name?
What exactly does the title refer to in the book? Eragon and Brisingr make sense, but what about Eldest? That should be in the article somewhere, because I don't remember what and it's not listed anywhere. Anakinjmt (talk) 02:10, 25 September 2008 (UTC)

 * My bad on deleting this :S If there isn't a reliable source which discusses the importance of the title, then I'm not sure this detail would be notable enough for inclusion in the article. Una LagunaTalk 17:51, 26 September 2008 (UTC)
 * What does it refer to? Anybody know? If it's something obvious which I just can't recall at the time, then it'd probably be okay to include. I mean, the titles of Eragon and Brisingr are pretty easy to figure out what the title is a reference to in the book (main character, sword) but Eldest was the only one I didn't know. I get the impression it was something specific, but I honestly don't remember. Anakinjmt (talk) 18:35, 26 September 2008 (UTC)
 * I think it refers to Murtagh being Eragon's brother (or something similar), but I'm not sure. Una LagunaTalk 19:50, 26 September 2008 (UTC)
 * It's not specifically Murtagh as Eragon's brother, more of the fact that he's an older brother. However, given that there are only two of them, the title would be correct as Elder, as there must be three ranked items to use the -est suffix. -- tennis man  20:56, 27 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I think the name takes it's significance from the section in the novel when Murtagh takes Zar'roc, claiming the sword as his birth right being the eldest son of Morzan. Cheers, Abraham, B.S. (talk) 04:11, 14 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I think the title might also refer to Oromis, who is the oldest surviving dragon rider and is a very important character in Eldest.--Roentgenium111 (talk) 16:40, 18 January 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Eldest


text: User talk:80.55.237.126

title: User talk:80.55.237.126


text:
Top Gear Rally

Top Gear Rally is a 1997 racing video game developed by Boss Game Studios and released for the Nintendo 64. A follow-up to Kemco's original Top Gear game, it features a championship mode where a single player must complete six seasons of two to four races, as well as a multiplayer mode where two players may compete against each other via a split-screen display. The game's tracks combine both road and off-road surfaces and can be played in different weather conditions, including night, fog, rain, and snow. Players may customize their car with different tire grips and adjust its suspension stiffness and steering sensitivity. An option that allows players to custom paint their cars is also included.

Top Gear Rally was conceived after Boss created a non-interactive demonstration running on Silicon Graphics workstations that featured two- and four-wheel drive vehicles racing through different driving conditions. The game features a physics engine with a functioning suspension that reacts to a variety of challenging terrain. Although the cars featured in the game are fictitious, they were modeled after real vehicles. The game received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised the technical aspects of its graphics and its fluid yet challenging gameplay. Criticism was targeted at its weak sound effects and limited multiplayer mode. In 1999, the game was ported to Microsoft Windows as Boss Rally.

Gameplay
Top Gear Rally is a racing game where players must drive cars on tracks that combine both road and off-road surfaces. Tracks are relatively open and may include hidden shortcuts, and each of them can be played in sunny, nocturnal, foggy, rainy, or snowy conditions. Before starting a race, players can custom paint their car, select different tire grips, adjust the suspension stiffness and steering sensitivity, and choose either a manual or automatic transmission. The acceleration, top speed, drivetrain, and engine placement of each car are different. These factors, along with the road and weather conditions, affect the handling of each car significantly. For example, the engine placement often determines how a car lands after a jump, while four-wheel drive cars have more grip on gravel tracks. Although cars can be damaged, their performance is not affected.

The game comprises four gameplay modes: Championship, Arcade, Time Attack, and Practice. In Championship mode, a single player must complete six seasons of two to four races in different weather conditions, with each race requiring the player to overtake 19 opponents controlled by the game's artificial intelligence. Points are awarded based on the rank the player finishes a race. If the required quantity is not met, the player will not be able to progress to the next season. As the player progresses through the Championship mode, new cars and tracks are unlocked. A total of nine cars and four tracks are included in the game, in addition to two bonus cars and a hidden track that can be unlocked by completing the game and finishing first in every race during the last season of the Championship mode. A mirror variant for each track can also be unlocked, which reverses curves left-to-right and right-to-left.

The Arcade, Time Attack, and Practice modes are single-race challenges on tracks that have been unlocked in the game's Championship mode. Arcade involves the player racing against an opponent while reaching designated checkpoints under a time limit, whereas Time Attack requires the player to race against a ghost car that represents their best time. In Practice mode, the player can freely drive a car on a track without opponents or time restrictions. Both the Arcade and Practice modes support up to two players. A horizontal split-screen display is used if two players compete against each other. The game features three driving perspectives for the player to choose from. These include an exterior and interior view with or without a rearview mirror. The game is compatible with both the Rumble Pak and Controller Pak. The latter is used to save custom paint jobs and the player's progress through the Championship mode.

Development and release
Top Gear Rally was developed by Boss Game Studios as a follow-up to Kemco's original Top Gear game for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Development of the game started in July 1996, after the company created a non-interactive demonstration that featured two- and four-wheel drive vehicles racing through different driving conditions. The demonstration was enough to convince Nintendo of America that Boss could develop a game for the Nintendo 64 console. Although the demonstration was developed on Silicon Graphics workstations that were more powerful than the Nintendo 64 and included vehicles that were modeled in 15,000 polygons, Boss was confident that their finished game would be very similar, stating that technical aspects such as lighting effects could be ported easily. Although Sega Rally Championship was a major inspiration, the company considered Top Gear Rally a game that would feel and look very different.

Boss spent between two and three months developing the programming tools for the game, including a physics engine with a functioning suspension that reacts to a variety of challenging terrain. According to lead designer Colin Gordon, "the physics are very accurate, and the shocks, brakes, and handling are specific to each car. No car [drives] like another". The tracks were designed in such a way as to ensure that the game's distance fog and scenery rendering were not apparent. A level editor, which would let players create their own tracks, and a Battle Mode similar to the combat-based races of Super Mario Kart, were originally planned to be included in the game. The developers opted to limit the multiplayer mode to two players because simultaneous four-player racing would have forced them to compromise on either the draw distance or their target frame rate of 30 frames per second. Although Boss did not have licenses to use automobile manufacturing brands, the cars featured in the game were modeled after real vehicles such as the Ford Escort, the Toyota Celica, the Toyota Supra, and the Porsche 959. The soundtrack was composed by Barry Leitch and produced in 8-bit samples.

Top Gear Rally was originally intended to be released in the first quarter of 1997. In January 1997, nearly 50% of the game was complete, and by May around 80% of the game was complete. Top Gear Rally was presented at the Electronic Entertainment Expo in Atlanta in June, where attendees could play a demo. Top Gear Rally was first pitched to publisher BMG Interactive, which chose to pass on it. In North America, the game was published by Midway and released in September 30, 1997. In Europe, Top Gear Rally was released in November 1997. The Japanese version, which was released on December 5, 1997, includes a built-in EEPROM in the Nintendo 64 Game Pak that allows players to save their progress without the need of a Controller Pak. It also includes a new title sequence and car models that were more popular in Japan, such as the F150 and the Mitsubishi Pajero.

Reception
Top Gear Rally received generally positive reviews from critics, who considered it superior to MRC: Multi-Racing Championship—another Nintendo 64 game that shares similar features. Next Generation described Top Gear Rally as "a fabulous off-road racer with tons of bonus cars, courses, and replay value to make it a keeper", stating that the game surpassed Sega Rally, while adding some twists on its own. Game Informer remarked that the game feels more natural than MRC and that its tracks are longer and more fun. In a less positive review, GameSpot felt that the game was too realistic and may frustrate players, but praised the graphics, physics, and track design. Edge said that Top Gear Rally "certainly has its moments", but thought that the game is inferior compared to other, high-quality titles in the rally genre.

The game was widely praised for its clean and crisp graphics. GameSpot remarked that "backgrounds and foregrounds seamlessly blend in an effect that's nearly photorealistic" and that the game's high frame rate "creates an impressive illusion of speed". Graphically, N64 Magazine stated that Top Gear Rally rivals most arcade games of the time, while GamePro noted details such as the reflective mud in the game's jungle track and the fact that cars can be damaged. However, some reviewers said that the game has a barren scenery and repeats textures frequently. The music and sound effects were considered weak,  with Nintendo Power stating that the soundtrack does not suit the game's fast pace. Occasional glitches were found, including an instance of two cars overlapping when colliding side by side and the fact that players can get stuck on slanted roadsides, requiring them to restart the race.

The gameplay was highlighted for its fluidity and realistic feel. N64 Magazine highly praised the game's suspension physics. Many critics agreed that, although the Championship mode starts off slow and the controls require some practice, the game gradually becomes more fun and challenging as players unlock more powerful cars. The track's length and varied weather conditions were also highlighted. The split-screen multiplayer mode was criticized because of its black area on the right side of the screen, which contains the game's HUD but leaves a relatively small portion of the screen for players to observe their surroundings. The fact that both players cannot race against computer-controlled opponents was also criticized.

PC port
Top Gear Rally was ported by Boss to Microsoft Windows in 1999. Because Kemco owns the Top Gear license, Boss had to release it as Boss Rally. Unlike the Nintendo 64 version, Boss Rally features three more cars and an additional track, and comprises three gameplay modes: Championship, Time Attack, and Quick Race. Both the Championship and Time Attack modes are similar to those from Top Gear Rally, whereas Quick Race is a single-race challenge where the player must race against a computer-controlled opponent. A multiplayer mode that supports up to eight players is also included.

title: Top Gear Rally


text:
Talk:Sidney Gottlieb

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 1 September 2020 and 18 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Locust Socks.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:19, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Reverts
King Turtle, do not censor my information under the guise of a revert.--AI 09:45, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * King Turtle explained his revert, it was not unfounded so I am taking back this personal comment that I directed at King Turtle. --AI 21:49, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Attribution
Please indicate the sources for your information - this is part of NPOV. Irmgard 13:32, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * What content are you disputing?--AI 22:46, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Irmgard, this was one of the first articles I wrote and regrettably I didn't log the references I used. (Some of them were government documents, btw) I believe others who are familiar with the subject can also verify that this article does not contain innacuracies. Give me time and I will try to reference EVERYTHING written in this article. You can help verify it if you search for Gottlieb plus keywords in google.com. --AI 21:42, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Colonel?
"Perhaps the timely death of Col Gottlieb. opened the door." - Col. L. Fletcher Prouty Was Sidney Gottlieb a Colonel? --AI 23:34, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * He was never in the military, although his civilian rank would be equivalent to that of a Colonel or higher.--208.52.112.70 02:46, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

QJ/WIN?
Gottlieb was not QJ/WIN! Accoriding to the Church Committe, Agent QJ/WIN was a foreign agent with a criminal background under Bill Harvey's Executive Action Program ZR/Rifle. The agent's name was never disclosed as per intelligence doctrine of keeping sources secret. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 167.88.178.70 (talk • contribs) 23:52, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

Vietnam
"Less known was an operation within the CIA's Phoenix Program in Vietnam where a team of CIA psychologists performed mind control experiments on NLF suspects being detained at Bien Hoa Prison outside of Saigon. Through electrode implants in the brain, the prisoners were manipulated to attack each other with knives. The experiment was a failure and the prisoners were shot and their bodies burned." - is there any proof of this? Schrandit 06:54, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Ten years later, a portion of this remains uncited. I cannot verify, so I am going to remove it. - Location (talk) 03:44, 18 July 2015 (UTC)

Criminal Prosecution? War Crimes? Crimes Against Humanity?
What's the academic significance of identifying his religion in the first line? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.244.116.61 (talk) 16:07, 9 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia standard for biographical paragraph. (Jew as ethnicity vs. religion). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.134.164.108 (talk) 03:42, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

On a lighter note
My parents were friends of the Gottliebs and folk danced at the Gottlieb's home for many years. Syd and his wife hosted the folk dance parties in their house just outside of Vienna, VA., home to another notorious intelligence community member, Robert Hansen. These parties all took place from about 1964-1975. Sometime in the mid 70's the folk dance club disbanded and my parents lost contact with the Gottliebs. When the story of the LSD experiments broke in the media, there was disbelief that Syd could have been involved much less the mastermind. Apparently he was a very sociable and likeable person - nothing like how he was described in the press. 129.83.31.1 (talk) 03:41, 20 October 2009 (UTC)

more info needed
particularly "early years" and "final or retirement" years could use a bunch of work Ooma Huntress-Protectress (talk) 03:23, 9 April 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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The picture is not good. Please replace - easily found
There are two very good pictures one should us instead. One in 3/4 pose when he retired in '75 and next to his lawyer in '77. You get a much better sense of what he looked like. Aperer1 (talk) 18:32, 10 February 2023 (UTC)

And the picture is certainly not from '77 when he testified before congress. He was about 55 then. Wrong pic. Aperer1 (talk) 18:39, 10 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sidney Gottlieb


text:
Sufi rock

Sufi rock or Sufi folk rock is a subgenre of rock music that combines rock with classical Islamic Sufi music traditions. It emerged in the early 1990s and became widely popular in the late 1990s in Pakistan and Turkey. The term "Sufi rock" was coined in 1993 by writer Nadeem F. Paracha to define the Pakistani band Junoon, who pioneered the process of fusing conventional rock music with folk Sufi music and imagery.

History
It is mostly based on the poetry of famous sufi poets such as Rumi, Hafez, Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, Bulleh Shah, Waris Shah and even Kabir and is mostly sung in languages such as Urdu, Pashto, Punjabi, Sindhi, Persian and Turkish.

title: Sufi rock


text:
Talk:Common Admission Test

Date of test?
What is the date of the test? Sources differ. Tearlach 15:49, 9 August 2005 (UTC)
 * CAT 2006 : 19th November 2006
 * CAT 2007 : 18th November 2007 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.91.207.30 (talk) 05:29, 11 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Usually the third Sunday of November. Since the past two editions however, the IIMs have moved to an online format, where one can choose any date within a specific time range. VishalB (talk) 13:38, 14 May 2011 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
One or more portions of this article duplicated other source(s). Infringing material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. VernoWhitney (talk) 21:21, 6 April 2010 (UTC)

about cat
it is a hardest exam than any — Preceding unsigned comment added by 117.211.40.51 (talk) 11:13, 27 July 2014 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 12:06, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Important Announcements
A section or sub-section mentioning the date, timing, delays and announcement(s) of the examination must always be maintained on the wikipedias relating about the Examinations. In this case CAT seems to be attended by well over 200,000 people. For that reason i'm adding that sub-section.

People could later come and add to it. THANKS, If you read this.103.92.42.191 (talk) 14:29, 24 August 2018 (UTC)

 * It's a maintenance message. It's purely trivial information that doesn't belong in an encyclopedia.  Ravensfire  (talk) 15:04, 24 August 2018 (UTC)

 * I said people could come later and add to it. What is YOUR problem! User:Ravensfire 103.92.42.184 (talk) 19:31, 25 August 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Common Admission Test


text:
Filmi pop

Filmi pop (Urdu: فلمی موسیقی filmi mosiqi) is a term first coined by Pakistani music journalist, Ali Tim in 1990 but made famous by the country's most influential pop critic, Nadeem F. Paracha. In 1966, a talented young playback singer Ahmed Rushdi (now considered one of the greatest singers of south Asia) sang the first South Asian pop song ‘Ko Ko Korina’" for the film Armaan. Composed by Sohail Rana, the song was a blend of 1960s bubblegum pop, rock and roll twist music and Pakistani film music. This genre would later be termed as filmi pop. Paired with Runa Laila, the singer is considered the pioneering father of pop music, mostly hip-hop and disco, in South Asia.

Following Rushdi's success, Christian bands specialising in jazz started performing at various night clubs and hotel lobbies in Karachi, Hyderabad and Lahore. They would usually sing either famous American jazz hits or cover Rushdi's songs. Rushdi sang playback hits along with Laila until the Bangladesh Liberation War when East Pakistan was declared an independent state. Laila, being a Bengali, decided to leave for the new-found Bangladesh.

title: Filmi pop


text:
Green Bay, New Zealand

Green Bay is a suburb of West Auckland. It is under the local governance of the Auckland Council. The main road running through Green Bay is Godley Road and this is the Urban Route 15 that follows through Green Bay to Titirangi and Laingholm.

Green Bay beach is part of the Karaka Park coastal walk. In pre-European times, the beach was the southern end of Te Toanga Waka, the Whau River portage connecting the Waitematā and Manukau harbours. At the west end of the beach there was a large Māori pā at Motukaraka (which is today Karaka Park). The area was originally called Karaka Bay, but was renamed to the current name to avoid confusion with other bays named Karaka.

New Zealand’s largest wild bird hospital and rescue centre, BirdCare Aotearoa, is based in Green Bay, managing more than 6,000 admissions of sick or injured birds each year.

Demographics
Green Bay covers 2.29 km2 and had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

Green Bay had a population of 4,788 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 192 people (4.2%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 438 people (10.1%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,833 households, comprising 2,253 males and 2,535 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.89 males per female, with 879 people (18.4%) aged under 15 years, 687 (14.3%) aged 15 to 29, 2,028 (42.4%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,194 (24.9%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 74.9% European/Pākehā, 8.1% Māori, 7.5% Pacific peoples, 19.0% Asian, and 2.8% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 31.9, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 47.0% had no religion, 37.8% were Christian, 0.4% had Māori religious beliefs, 4.1% were Hindu, 2.0% were Muslim, 0.7% were Buddhist and 2.1% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 984 (25.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 672 (17.2%) people had no formal qualifications. 744 people (19.0%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,794 (45.9%) people were employed full-time, 492 (12.6%) were part-time, and 99 (2.5%) were unemployed.

Education
Green Bay High School is a secondary (years 9-13) school with a roll of. It opened in 1973.

Green Bay Primary School is a full primary (years 1-8) school with a roll of. It opened in 1960, and covered years 1-6 until an intermediate department was added in 1997.

Both schools are coeducational, and situated next to each other on Godley Road.

title: Green Bay, New Zealand


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wikiproject Graphical content problem

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep moink 02:13, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

Wikiproject Graphical content problem
I promise I will not suggest any more ideas on how to improve Wikipedia. I will not ever take part in any creative thought. Please delete this as soon as possible. I can not tollerate sarcasm anymore. I had enough of them in every project I proposed --Cool Cat My Talk 09:53, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Cool Cat My Talk 09:58, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — Davenbelle 10:09, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but mark as  — Davenbelle 11:22, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep but mark as  *. I have nothing against trying to improve Wikipedia or creative thoughts - in fact I encourage them. I just don't feel that this particular proposal can be NPOV. I'm sure that others will propose something similar in the future, and in such cases we can have this as a reference. Thryduulf 10:40, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * * re the best template, I think a modifed would be best, noting it was a wikiproject rather than a policy. Thryduulf 01:15, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as deprecated Wikiproject. Mark as such. This issue does come up every couple of months so keeping the history would be useful. Radiant_* 11:29, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as deprecated project, per Radiant. It might be a good idea for someone who is more familiar with the history of the issue on Wikipedia to compile a list of past censorship-related issues.  There has been a recent spate of proposals filtering through templates for deletion regarding templates for adult content warnings, graphic violence, etc.  This type of thing seems to come up fairly regularly, and it might be nice to have all the references in one place so we don't have to keep repeating the same arguments. --TenOfAllTrades (talk/contrib) 12:31, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and mark as above. --InShaneee 14:14, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as above. --Carnildo 18:46, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yep, keep as above. Samaritan 22:53, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * keep Yuckfoo 01:13, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This "project" hasn't been rejected yet--there's not even a discussion page. I'm not sure it's a project, though--it feels more like a policy proposal to me. Demi T/C 07:23, 2005 Apr 30 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:169.231.1.231

title: User talk:169.231.1.231


text:
User talk:ImreSaling

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

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If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 09:56, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Image:Trout-Dry-Flies-Blue-Winged-Olive-150.jpg
You'll need to add an Image copyright tag to this. Assuming you took the photo, {{GFDL}} should do, but you might want to add {{cc-by-sa-2.0}} to make it a little bit easier to use elsewhere. If you didn't take the photo, please provide a source. Alphax τεχ 09:56, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Trout-Dry-Flies-Blue-Winged-Olive-150.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Trout-Dry-Flies-Blue-Winged-Olive-150.jpg. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file agreed to license it under the given license.

If you created this media entirely yourself but have previously published it elsewhere (especially online), please either
 * make a note permitting reuse under the CC-BY-SA or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
 * Send an email from an address associated with the original publication to , stating your ownership of the material and your intention to publish it under a free license. You can find a sample permission letter here. If you take this step, add OTRS pending to the file description page to prevent premature deletion.

If you did not create it entirely yourself, please ask the person who created the file to take one of the two steps listed above, or if the owner of the file has already given their permission to you via email, please forward that email to .

If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at File copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the file's use on the article or articles where it is included. See File copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log]. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Kelly hi! 17:05, 3 January 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:ImreSaling


text:
User:ExAstris

Hello.

title: User:ExAstris


text:
Balsamic Moon

In astrology, a balsamic Moon is said to occur when the Moon is less than 45 degrees behind the natal Sun.

For example, if a person has a natal Sun positioned at 10 degrees Aquarius then a balsamic Moon will occur when the Moon reaches 25 degrees Sagittarius. It will stay balsamic as it transits through Capricorn and then Aquarius, until it reaches 10 degrees Aquarius.

The balsamic Moon is said to relate to one's commitment to destiny, so whenever the Moon is placed in this position it is at a very crucial point, and attention should be made to the earthly events that occur during such an astrological configuration. The balsamic moon also is said to relate to healing and rest, since it is the last phase before the New Moon.

title: Balsamic Moon


text: Category:Middlesex County, Ontario

title: Category:Middlesex County, Ontario


text:
User talk:=gk=boy

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks.

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. --nixie 11:34, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:=gk=boy


text:
Jamie Noon

Jamie Darren Noon (born 9 May 1979 in Goole) is a retired rugby union footballer who played at centre.

Career
Hard-running centre Noon joined the Newcastle Falcons for the 1998-99 Allied Dunbar Premiership, after a letter from one of his school teachers alerted the club to a player who had been totally missed by the representative rugby system in Yorkshire.

Playing for Fyling Hall School and Whitby RFC at the time, once the Falcons had seen his talents first hand, he was drafted into the academy squad straightaway. Whilst at Newcastle he started in both the 2001 and 2004 Anglo-Welsh Cup finals as Newcastle emerged victorious from both.

"Noonie" as he is known to close friends went on to graduate from Northumbria University with a sports science degree, while his on-field activity was equally successful as he made two first team appearances in his first year at the club.

Later that year he represented England in the Sanzar Under-21 tournament, what would later go on to become the IRB Under-21 World Championship, while his first Premiership try duly came early in the 1999–00 season away to the London Wasps.

As well as representing the England Under-21s he played for the North of England and England Students, while in the 1999–00 season he played for the England Sevens on the IRB Sevens circuit, including in the Hong Kong Sevens.

A supremely consistent performer, in 2003 Noon smashed the record for consecutive Premiership appearances when he started his 50th league game in a row.

Full international recognition came in the summer of 2001 when he started three Tests for England on their North American tour – two against Canada and one versus the United States, with the Goole-born player scoring his first Test try in the second of the two clashes against the Canadians.

In 2003 he played in England's warm-up matches for the 2003 Rugby World Cup, although he was to agonisingly miss out on selection for the tournament itself. He did, however, go on to be named Falcons player of the year for the 2003-04 Zurich Premiership.

England Saxons honours in the 2004 Churchill Cup followed as he played against Canada and scored in the final against the New Zealand Maori, while the 2004-05 Zurich Premiership was to prove a major success as he was named joint vice captain of the Falcons.

Drafted into a new-look England back line, Noon started all five matches for England during the 2005 Six Nations Championship, rounding it off with a historic hat-trick in the final match of the tournament against Scotland at Twickenham. Married to wife Rachel, both she and new baby boy Lewis were there in the stands to witness it first hand.

His England caps continued to come throughout the 2006 Six Nations Championship and the summer tour to Australia.

Noon was a part of the England squad that made it to the final of the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France, Noon played in the first couple of pool matches, but picked up a knee injury in the 36–0 defeat to South Africa.

Mathew Tait took his spot at outside centre which proved to be very pivotal, as Noon's young Newcastle teammate was one of England's standout players throughout the tournament, in particular the final where he ran 50 meters and evaded 5 Springboks tacklers, only to be pulled down a few metres short by a great cover tackle by Victor Matfield.

However through hard work and a retirement to veteran Mike Catt, Noon was re-instated at centre for England's 2008 Six Nations Championship campaign, he played in every match, apart from the defeat to Wales, and was one of England's best players throughout the tournament despite only coming away with three wins.

Noon was particularly impressive in the final match against Ireland where he scored a try and pulled off a number of hard hits, it caused many commentators to say he played well, and to also be awarded "Man of the Match" ahead of an impressive Danny Cipriani.

Noon went on the summer tour to New Zealand, which was marred by controversy involving England players' off-field antics. England lost both matches heavily.

title: Jamie Noon


text:
User talk:Miketam

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks.

title: User talk:Miketam


text:
PC Pro

PC Pro is one of several computer magazines published monthly in the United Kingdom by Future plc. Its headquarters is in London. PC Pro also licenses individual articles (or even the whole magazine) for republication in various countries around the world - and some articles are translated into local languages. , it claimed to be the biggest-selling monthly PC magazine in the UK.

PC Pro is promoted as a magazine for "IT professionals, IT managers and power users." It is a fairly 'rounded' magazine as it contains information on many different aspects of IT (such as cheap hardware, extreme hardware, software, business, home, retailers) rather than just one of these areas like many UK PC magazines. While it is primarily Windows-focused, it does contain some open source and Apple content.

The magazine was launched in November 1994. The website was launched in December 1996. On 3 June 2015 Dennis Publishing relaunched the PC Pro website as Alphr. The magazine continued to operate under the PC Pro brand, with the two publications occasionally sharing content but otherwise serving different audiences with bespoke content.

Each issue used to come with a cover disc – either a CD in the £4.49 version or a DVD in the £5.99 edition. The CD contained complete commercial software products (usually older versions) and commercial software trials. The DVD contained these and also a selection of applications which featured in every issue. These regular applications are usually freeware or open source.

The issue of cover discs has been superseded by downloadable software accessible via a 'bonus software code' printed on the spine of each issue.

The PC Pro team also publish a weekly podcast available on the Magazine website and on the iTunes Store.

In February 2001 they reissued, with new artwork, a free copy of the controversial "Area 51: The Alien Interview" DVD.

Future acquired Dennis Publishing and its computing division including PC Pro in 2021.

Current contributors

 * Tim Danton
 * Barry Collins
 * David Court
 * Darien Graham-Smith
 * Jonathan Bray
 * Mike Jennings
 * Jane McCallion
 * Sasha Muller
 * Nicole Kobie
 * Stewart Mitchell
 * Jon Honeyball
 * Davey Winder
 * Lee Grant
 * Steve Cassidy
 * David Crookes
 * Rois Ni Thuama

title: PC Pro