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Talk:Brakspear Brewery

Ales?
Im not 100% sure that triple and organic are ales as this is never stated explicitly- pypex

Yes, they are both ales. -Cheeselog3000 20:47, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

Name
Should this not be under Brakspear Brewery? --Stlemur 04:23, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Merge from Brakspear (Refresh UK)
I propose that the two pages be merged because: --Stlemur 11:19, 21 July 2006 (UTC)
 * "New" Brakspear is brewed in the same place with the same recipes and beer lineup as this one
 * A brand being bought doesn't mean a discontinuity in the brand; compare Bass (beer), which includes information on the independent, InBev, Coors and W&D years despite brewing taking place at several locations.

I don't understand. It appears to me that the two articles are about two completely different companies. One is about the brewery company Brakspear which has now stopped brewing and the brewery knocked down and turned into housing. That company, however, still exists as a pub company. And the other article is about a different company called Refresh which owns Wychwood and Brakspear brands. Do you mean that Wychwood Brewery and Brakspear (Refresh UK) and Refresh UK should be merged? That would make make more sense. The Brakspear beers are not brewed in the same place. Refresh built a new brewery and then moved some of the equipment over to ensure that the double drop system could continue. I went along on the launch day. Do you have an interest in British breweries? If you are interested, http://groups.yahoo.com/group/cask-uk/ is a good source of information. I suggest you pop over there and ask if they think the two breweries are the same. Good source of information. Up to date and accurate. From people who know what they are talking about. High level CAMRA staff, brewers, writers, etc. Perhaps, as it no longer brews beer, the Brakspear brewery article should be deleted?

I made some changes, but I'm not sure I did them right.

I mean I changed the notice to Wychwood Brewery on the other article. Snaggles 29 July 2006 (Snaggles 18:20, 29 July 2006 (UTC))

I'm getting the hang of this. i made some links to the articles above. I'll do them again here. Wychwood Brewery and Brakspear (Refresh UK) and Refresh UK

Does that make sense?

 * Surely, as the Brakspear brand and beers live on (with the same Double-Drop method, if not the same water), there should be one page for Brakspear. Wychwood (and Refresh UK) may be controlling entities, but are separate entities.  The Brakspear Pub Group should also have a page of its own.
 * I vote to merge Brakspear and Brakspear (Refresh UK), but the resultant article not to be merged into Wychwood Brewery --Stonefield 13:15, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

Removed news of end of production of Brakspear Special
The statement that "Production of Brakspear Special draught ale is scheduled to end at the end of June 2007." was not supported by any reference, neither could I find one... now we are in July and the beer is still listed on the breweries websites.

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title: Talk:Brakspear Brewery


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Cyril Hurcomb, 1st Baron Hurcomb

Cyril William Hurcomb, 1st Baron Hurcomb, (18 February 1883 – 7 August 1975) was a British civil servant.

Career
Hurcomb was Permanent Under-Secretary of the Ministry of Transport from 1927 to 1937; of the Ministry of Shipping from 1939; and then of its successor the Ministry of War Transport from 1941 until 1947. He was the first chairman of the British Transport Commission between 1948 and 1953. He was also a keen ornithologist and conservationist, and played a key role in the 1954 Protection of Birds Act. He served as chairman of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds' council, as president of the RSPB, and president of the West Midland Bird Club from 1960 to 1975 (when he was succeeded by his son-in-law, Tony Norris, the husband of his daughter Cicely Hurcomb (d. 1976). In July 1950 he was elevated to the peerage as Baron Hurcomb, of Campden Hill in the Royal Borough of Kensington. He was also a Grand Officer of the Order of the Crown (Belgium) and Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav. The BR Standard Class 7 locomotive number 70001 was named Lord Hurcomb in his honour.

Personal life
Lord Hurcomb died in August 1975, aged 92; the barony became extinct.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cyril Hurcomb, 1st Baron Hurcomb


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Turtle Bay Exploration Park

Turtle Bay Exploration Park is a 300-acre, mostly outdoor cultural center located in Redding, California. Situated along the banks of the Sacramento River, the park features the Turtle Bay Museum, as well as the Sundial Bridge, a 700-foot long, 23-foot wide footbridge designed by architect Santiago Calatrava. In addition, the park has indoor and outdoor animal exhibits, gardens, and playgrounds for children. The museum features educational programs and exhibitions on the Wintu people, including a full-size shelter.

McConnell Arboretum & Botanical Gardens
The McConnell Arboretum & Botanical Gardens, also known as the Redding Arboretum, opened on May 30, 2005, and covers 300 acre, including 200 acre of undeveloped arboretum and 20 acre of botanical garden that span the Sacramento River. Its principal gardens include the Mediterranean Climate Gardens (Mediterranean Basin, South Africa, Chile, southern and western Australia, and California west of the Sierra Nevada), and other gardens including a children's garden, butterfly garden, and specialty gardens.

Turtle Bay Museum
Turtle Bay Museum contains permanent and changing exhibits related to the area's natural history, cultural history, art and science. Exhibits include a tank for viewing fish underwater, a recreation of a Native American bark house, hands-on science displays and art creations.

Paul Bunyan's Forest Camp
Paul Bunyan's Forest Camp is an education exploration center modeled after an old-time forest camp. The Mill Building houses displays of North State forests and local wildlife, including live animals. Outdoor exhibits focus on the timber and logging industries in California and the railroads. Other amenities include outdoor play equipment, a water feature, an amphitheater that hosts seasonal animal show, and a seasonal aviary and butterfly house.

title: Turtle Bay Exploration Park


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Talk:Utica, New York

Unundadages
Are we sure this name was in the Mohawk language and not the Oneida language? The Thomas source just says a site the Iroquois called "Unundadages," which doesn't specify which Iroquois tribe or language. The Hauptman source doesn't say which language either but mentions it in a chapter solely about the Oneidas. The maps on Iroquois seem to put Utica in Oneida territory, although the city isn't placed on the maps and I don't think firm boundaries existed back then. Apocheir (talk) 04:43, 26 January 2023 (UTC)

 * I agree, the Mohawk words I've seen for Utica are either iotékha (it’s on fire), or niionontatá:se (it twisted the mountain). It is technically Oneida territory, from the maps of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy that are available. And if Unundadages is the Oneida word then don't call it Mohawk. Nevermiand. (talk) 18:41, 31 August 2023 (UTC)
 * The Mohawk names would be interesting to add, what's your source for them? Apocheir (talk) 00:28, 1 September 2023 (UTC)

Proposed merge of East Utica into Utica, New York
A decent page could probably be written about East Utica, but this isn't it. It totally fails to define what part of Utica is "East Utica" and confuses the neighborhood with the Italian-American community in Utica at large. Most of the references are non-specific or lack page numbers, making it hard to verify or determine intent. Recommend merging. Apocheir (talk) 17:22, 23 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Keep: Agree that the East Utica page needs work. I'd suggest giving it a year or so. If no progress is made to address the deficiencies you correctly identify, then a renomination for merging is warranted and deserving of full support. Keystone18 (talk) 20:08, 6 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Utica, New York


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Magic: The Gathering expansion sets, 1993–1995

The collectible card game Magic: The Gathering published seven expansion sets from 1993–1995, and one compilation set. These sets contained new cards that "expanded" on the base sets of Magic with their own mechanical theme and setting; these new cards could be played on their own, or mixed in with decks created from cards in the base sets. With Magic runaway success, many of the printings of these early sets were too small to satisfy the rapidly growing fanbase. Cards from them became rare, hard to find, and expensive. It was not until Fallen Empires and Homelands that Wizards of the Coast was able to print enough cards to meet demand; additionally, Wizards of the Coast published Chronicles, a reprint set that helped fix many of the scarcity issues with the earliest sets.

In 1995, Magic would adopt a new paradigm: "blocks" of expansion sets. Multiple expansions would all take place in the same setting, and progress a storyline. This was first seen with Ice Age into Alliances, and evolved into a form that would last for many years in 1996–1997 with Mirage, Visions, and Weatherlight.

Arabian Nights
Arabian Nights was the first Magic: The Gathering expansion set, published in 1993. The set is composed entirely of new cards. The expansion symbol of Arabian Nights is a scimitar.

The setting of Arabian Nights is inspired by the themes and characters of the Thousand and One Arabian Nights with some of the characters and places coming directly from these tales. The Arabian Nights also provides the flavor text for most of the cards in the set. Arabian Nights stands out as being one of the only two card sets primarily based on public domain real-world fiction (the other being Portal Three Kingdoms), as opposed to other card sets based on settings created exclusively for Magic.

Richard Garfield, Magic creator, acted as the sole designer for the set, and developed it in parallel with other teams working on what would become Ice Age and Mirage. The Ice Age design team, composed of Jim Lin, Chris Page, Dave Pettey, and Skaff Elias, was called upon to become the development team for Arabian Nights as well, but instead of playtesting the set they managed only to submit some comments because their schedule was so tight. At that point in Magic development, the role of expansions was relatively undefined, and Garfield intended for Arabian Nights cards to bear a purple and gold back that would allow players to exclude Arabian Nights from their games. In his article, "The Making of Arabian Nights", Garfield cites this as his inspiration to "be more adventurous in creating mechanics and themes".

Player response against the proposed new back caused Wizards of the Coast to stay with the original backs, allowing cards from various sets to be mixed freely in gameplay. To replace the new card back, a symbolic scimitar was added between the card artwork and card text, making the first expansion symbol; every expansion set since has displayed a unique one.

Cards
Arabian Nights booster packs contain eight cards, two from the uncommon sheet and six from the common sheet. The set as a whole consists of 78 cards. Nineteen of these cards are U3, meaning they appear three times on the uncommon sheet, and 32 cards are U2 and are thus usually dubbed the rares of the set, although they are only 33% less common than U3 cards. Of the commons 9 are C5 and 16 are C4. Additionally the Arabian Nights Mountain is C1 and Desert is C11. When counting the commons with smaller, darker mana symbols as separate cards Arabian Nights is a set of 92 cards. The smaller darker numbers in the casting cost are referred to as series (a) and the lighter and larger numbers are referred to as series (b).

Of the 78 cards, 49 have been reprinted. With 63% reprinted, Arabian Nights is second in fraction of cards reprinted in an expansion set only to Antiquities. Twenty-two of the 29 cards that have not been reprinted are on the Reserved List, meaning that Wizards of the Coast has decided never to reprint these, for concern of alienating collectors. On the other hand the Mountain, accidentally not removed from Arabian Nights, is the only card of the set that had been printed before. It is thus the first reprint in Magic outside a base set.

Arabian Nights includes a few minor collation and typographical errors. One of them was the so-called "Arabian Mountain". When the decision was made to have the expansion sets fully playable with the basic set, Wizards of the Coast decided that there was no need to include basic lands in the print run, so they were removed. However, one Mountain basic land card accidentally remained on the print sheet as a common, in a slot intended for a Desert card. Due to this oversight, the Mountain is now the most common Magic card. Wizards noted that there were just under 31,000 Arabian Nights Mountain cards printed. Another error, this time in printing, caused two different styles of generic mana symbols to be printed on some cards. Some copies of these cards feature a regular sized generic mana symbol, other copies have one that is smaller and darker.

Design
Even when separated from its place as Magic's first expansion, Arabian Nights was a groundbreaking set in terms of its impact on the game. In his article "It Happened One Nights", Mark Rosewater detailed amongst others the following innovations or expansions on Alpha mechanics:

 * Stealing opponent's cards – Alpha enabled players to gain control of their opponent's permanents, but Arabian Nights explored this theme further.
 * Opponent-activated abilities – has an ability that each player can activate. This theme was further explored with the Mongers in Mercadian Masques.
 * Lands with abilities – Arabian Nights was the first set with Lands that had abilities other than mana abilities.
 * Coin flips – Arabian Nights was the first set that made use of coin flips to introduce additional randomness to the game.
 * Cumulative upkeep & cantrips (cards that draw a new card when played) – Both concepts were more formally introduced in Ice Age, but Arabian Nights made use of these on and, respectively.
 * Lifelink – The concept of the ability that would become Lifelink was first introduced on Arabian Nights'.
 * Exile zone as a Limbo – was the first card to use what would eventually come to be called the Exile zone as a holding zone for cards temporarily out of play.

Storyline
Richard Garfield considered several mythologies to build Magic first expansion around, but eventually decided to use a real-world mythos. Personally fascinated with the One Thousand and One Nights mythos, and inspired by the recent Sandman comic by Neil Gaiman, "Ramadan", he decided that it fit the game well and chose to employ it for Magic. Aside from using the original tale as an inspiration for the cards of Arabian Nights and putting short quotes from the book on the cards as flavor text the set originally had no own background story. In 1995–96 two comic books (A Time to Gather and And Then There Was One) were produced by Armada to give the set its own storyline, taking place on the plane of Rabiah the Infinite. Arabian Nights is one of the two sets (the other Portal: Three Kingdoms) to use an explicit earthbound mythos for its background story, although many other sets are inspired or loosely flavored by real-earth cultures (e.g. Norse cultures in Ice Age, African cultures in Mirage, Eastern Europe in Ravnica, etc.).

Notable cards

 *  – The effect to create subgames is unique in Magic and eventually led to the banning of this card from all tournament formats as it was perceived to consume too much time in tournaments. In his article "The Making of Arabian Nights" Richard Garfield called Shahrazad his favorite card from Arabian Nights also due to its unique effect.
 *  – This card was long considered to be the best creature in Magic. While its power level has since been diminished (the almost identical thirteen years later saw little tournament play), it was memorably powerful at the time. The art of Juzám Djinn is also widely considered to be one of the most iconic of the early Magic game. Wizards of the Coast used it as a cover piece for their first Magic encyclopedia (along with ' and ').
 *  – Drawing two cards only to discard three appears not to be a powerful effect at the first glance in a game where card advantage is a well established principle, but in Vintage there are several ways to make use of cards discarded, especially with the Dredge mechanic from Ravnica: City of Guilds.
 *  – The Library has been a staple of Vintage decks for years. For some time Vintage players even referred to the Power Nine as Power Ten to include the card. Library of Alexandria is restricted in Vintage and not legal to play in any other format.
 *  – Kird Ape is one of the most powerful one-mana creatures of the game's early life. When played alongside, it was a 2/3 potentially on the first turn of the game, which led to it being on the first list of banned cards for the Extended format.
 *  – Originally, Richard Garfield had hoped to allow creativity and innovation by using different card backs for Arabian Nights, so that each set could stand on its own. After this idea was vetoed, City in a Bottle was an intended "safeguard" that if Arabian Nights proved too divisive to a player, they had a card that could stop the entire expansion.
 *  – Basic land. The Arabian Nights "mountain" was the only basic land card of the set printed, by mistake; no basic lands were meant to be printed.

Antiquities
Antiquities is the second Magic: The Gathering expansion set. It was the first set to have a backstory unique to Magic that explores the mythos of the Magic universe. The story is primarily about the brothers Urza and Mishra who are inseparable at first, but become sworn enemies over the finding of two power stones. Trying to get hold of the other's stone they eventually lay waste to the whole continent of Terisiare. The set was created by the group of students at the University of Pennsylvania that had helped Richard Garfield design the original game. Mechanically Antiquities revolves around artifacts. Only 35 of the 85 different cards are colored, the remaining 50 cards being artifacts and lands. The expansion symbol for Antiquities was an anvil.

Antiquities managed to solve many of the printing errors that had plagued previous sets, although the expansion symbol was missing from the card, and the circle around the activation cost of was omitted in half the printing. The only major problem noticed by players was the poor collation of the set; many booster boxes contained several packs with exactly the same cards in each, making it difficult for players in many areas to collect complete sets. To correct this, Wizards of the Coast introduced a "buyback" program, allowing players to trade in their excess cards for money.

Storyline
The storyline of Antiquities is originally told through the flavor text of the cards in the set. It is given in full in the 1998 novel "The Brothers' War" written by Jeff Grubb. In 1999 the prequel, "The Thran" by J. Robert King, appeared. It describes the events leading to the Thran-Phyrexian War and the conflict itself. The Thran are the civilization that created the powerstones that are the cause of the separation and ensuing conflict of Urza and Mishra.

The story of Antiquities takes place on the plane of Dominaria and centers on the two brothers Urza and Mishra. Urza is born on the first day of the year 0 AR and his brother, Mishra, on the final day of that year. Ten years later, when their father falls ill, they are sent as apprentices to their father's friend, the artificer Tocasia. After several years at Tocasia's camp where the brothers made several inventions and discoveries, they explore the Caves of Koilos, a place filled with Thran artifacts. There the brothers each find one half of a powerstone that sealed the gate to the plane of Phyrexia, which is also located in the caves. Mutual desire for the other's piece of the powerstone eventually leads them to turn the power of their stones onto each other. Attempting to end the duel, Tocasia puts herself into the middle, leading to her inadvertent death.

Afterwards, the brothers separate and leave the excavation site. In the following years, Urza and Mishra come into positions of substantial power in Yotia and amongst the Fallaji people, respectively. After some hostilities, the empires eventually conduct open warfare against each other. The events during the conflict lead to both Urza and Mishra acquiring the leadership amongst their people. The conflict becomes an all-out war, but no side is able to gain the upper hand. In the final battle of the conflict, both armies fight to a standstill. Eventually, Urza activates the, an artifact that Urza's lieutenant Tawnos received from Mishra's lieutenant Ashnod. The activation of the artifact triggers a blast that destroys the site of the last battle, the island of Argoth, and thus ends the war by destroying both armies. In the aftermath of the conflict, the blast triggered by the Golgothian Sylex upsets the climate of Dominaria leading to an Ice Age. The culmination of Urza's and Mishra's conflict was expanded upon further in the 1998 expansion set Urza's Saga.

Rarity
Antiquities cards were sold in booster packs that contain eight cards, two from the uncommon sheet and six from the common sheet. Of the cards in Antiquities, 29 are U3, meaning that they appear three times on the uncommon print sheet. 4 are U2, and the remaining 26 uncommons are U1. These are usually dubbed the rares of the set. Also the card , a U2, exists in two versions, one barely noticeably missing the circle behind the activation cost of the ability. For collectors' purposes, Tawnos's Weaponry is thus sometimes counted as two U1 cards. Of the commons, 25 are C4. The remaining commons are 5 C2 and 11 C1. The C1 commons are usually dubbed as uncommons, as a C1 card is exactly as rare as a U3 card.

Notable cards
Despite Antiquities design as a set revolving around artifacts, it was largely the lands from the set that had most impact on the game.

 *  – This was the first land that could turn into a creature. Its design had a strong impact on later lands that are able to become creatures (called "man lands"), leading to the design of the Urza's Legacy man lands and eventually the Worldwake and Oath of the Gatewatch man lands. Along with Strip Mine and the Urzatron lands, Mishra's Factory is also the first non-basic land card with varying artwork (Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter).
 *  – The Workshop is a mainstay of many Vintage decks today due to its ability to provide its controller with a lot of mana quickly. Mishra's Workshop is banned from Legacy play, but the card is not restricted in Vintage.
 * The Urzatron Lands – ', ', and '. When combined, these lands can add 7 mana to their controller's mana pool. While it is unlikely to draw all three cards early from a deck of sixty cards, decks built around searching for any playing pieces of 'Tron' have been powerful tournament decks in the Standard and Extended formats. Most notably a combo deck built around was one of the strongest Standard decks for more than a year. Urzatron lands are also used in Modern decks that aim to assemble Tron quickly using ' and ' to quickly cast threats such as ' or .

Legends
Legends was the third Magic: The Gathering expansion set, released in June 1994. It was the first expansion set to be sold in packs of 15 (previous expansions had been sold in packs of 8). The set was designed by Wizards of the Coast co-founder Steve Conard and friend Robin Herbert in Canada before the game was initially released. Legends introduces several mechanics and keywords to the game, most prominently the namesake mechanic of Legends: multicolored creatures of which there could only be one in play at a time. These were the first multicolored cards in the game. The expansion symbol for Legends is the capital of a column.

Legends did not have the printing errors and misleading artist credits that existed in preceding Magic sets. The problem of poor collation persisted, though, which had also troubled Antiquities. Each booster box contained only half of the uncommon cards in the set. This along with the comparatively small printing made collecting the entire 310-card set very difficult. Wizards of the Coast implemented a card exchange program for US customers that ran until August 1994, replacing up to 100 cards per shipment.

Legends is the oldest expansion to have been printed in a foreign language; the Italian Leggende was released in 1995, shortly after L'Oscurità (Italian The Dark). These two expansions were released in the opposite order in their original English printings. The first set to be released in a foreign language was the Revised Edition which was printed not only in Italian, but also in German and French.

This set had a few misprints:

 * The card was printed as a Sorcery instead of as an Enchantment.
 * The name of the card was misprinted, omitting the leading ligature character because the chosen typeface lacked a glyph representing the Æ of its name.
 * The text for the card had a misplaced gray dot background for a mana cost.

Storyline
The story line of the Legends set was not formulated until the three Legends Cycle books by Clayton Emery were released in 2001 and 2002. It follows the adventures of Hazezon Tamar who teams up with many other legends from the set such as Jedit Ojanen. The story takes place in the southern regions of Terisiare well after the Ice Age, and sometime before Weatherlight as the first Airships are built by Johan who tried to conquer the entire continent. Many other legends of the set end up fighting Johan's army at the battle for Efrava.

Mechanics
Legends introduce several important mechanics to the game and each pack of cards contained a rules card explaining the new mechanics and keywords.
 * Legends – A new type of creature with a special restriction: there can only be one Legend in play, as they were flavored as unique heroes and specific places, not interchangeable armies or territory. Briefly, only one copy was allowed per deck when Legends came out, but this restriction was quickly modified to merely one in play. Legends provided both Legendary Creatures and Legendary Lands, while Legendary Artifacts and Enchantments would not be printed until Odyssey and Champions of Kamigawa, respectively. When printed, if a second Legend would come into play, it would instead go to the graveyard; this would be modified many years later to "both are destroyed" in Champions of Kamigawa. This would later be further modified to only check uniqueness within each player's battlefield individually, rather than the game as a whole, and that if a second Legendary permanent would come into play, its controller can choose which one to keep.
 * Enchant World – Enchantments that enchanted the entire "world." These enchantments would have an effect that affected all players at the same time and were limited to only one in play at a time.
 * Multicolor – Legends was the first set to include cards that required more than one color of mana to play. These cards were distinguished by a gold background and proved popular enough to be a common mechanic in later sets.
 * Rampage – An ability that took effect whenever said creature became blocked by more than one creature. Creatures with Rampage would get a bonus to their power and toughness for each creature blocking it beyond the first.
 * Banding and Bands With Other – A game mechanic that was eventually dropped from the game after Weatherlight, banding allowed multiple creatures to attack as a single unit, allowing the attacking player to decide how damage was distributed to his or her creatures, if the defending player blocked. Legends featured the "bands with other" mechanic, creating creatures that banded with any creatures of a certain type, and was the only set to feature this with the exception of the Unhinged card Old Fogey.
 * Poison – The ability of certain creatures to inflict poison, a separate kind of damage distinct from life total; ten poison counters causes the game to instantly be lost.

Rarity
Legends is the first Magic expansion to have cards of three explicit rarities: commons, uncommons, and rares. There are 75 common cards in Legends. Of these, 46 are C2, meaning that they appear two times on the print sheet, and are thus twice as common as the other 29 C1 commons. Seven of the 114 uncommons are U2, and all other 107 uncommons are U1. Of the 121 rares, each is R1, making them all equally prevalent.

Notable cards
Legends has a reputation for having an erratic power level and not being balanced particularly finely. Notably, the designers made extremely powerful spells that could lock opposing creatures out of the game entirely such as The Abyss and Moat, but extremely weak creatures. The result was a combination of some of the weakest cards in Magic as well as the most potent.

 *  – Better than the original from Alpha, this card is a staple of Vintage decks and banned in Legacy for power level reasons. It became even stronger after the "mana burn" rule was removed from the game, which damaged players for unspent mana.
 *  – This land is highly sought after for the "lands" archetype deck in Legacy. When it was originally printed, it was not particularly useful due to creature decks not being particularly viable. This meant that players did not save the card or treat it as valuable. As new cards were printed over time, Tabernacle became more useful, but copies of it are now difficult to find and the card has become by far the most valuable card of Legends.
 *  – Moat is a powerful enchantment that stops all non-Flying creatures from attacking, rendering them useless until an opponent can remove Moat itself. Moat was featured in one of the first true "control" decks of the game alongside.
 *  – This card is less powerful than the original, but it is still strong.
 *  – Originally an unnoticed uncommon, Karakas came to the spotlight as the Legacy format grew in popularly. In that format Karakas serves to return a powerful Legendary creature such as, , and to its owner's hand. Because of its utility and power, Karakas is banned in the Commander format (also known as Elder Dragon Highlander) format where Legendary Creatures are much more common.
 *  – Considered by many to be the worst creature of all time and one of the worst Magic cards ever printed. The restrictions on this creature make it unfeasible in almost every situation.
 *  – At one point considered the best reusable creature kill spell ever, The Abyss locks out opposing creature decks efficiently.
 *  – This was the first creature ever introduced that dealt poison damage, a strategy that countered life gain decks.
 * "Banding lands" (,, , , and ) – These lands are considered among the weakest cards ever printed. They conditionally grant "Bands with Other Legends", and nothing else.

Reception
Legends won the Origins Award for Best Game Accessory of 1994.

The Dark
The Dark was the fourth expansion set of Magic: The Gathering, released in August 1994. The set continued the story begun in Antiquities and recounted the aftermath of the events of that set. The 119-card expansion explored the darker sides of the colors of Magic. Unlike its predecessor Legends, it did not introduce any new keywords, but did include a number of themes including sacrifice, Goblin tribal, and colors "hosing" themselves (flavored as betrayal). The expansion symbol for The Dark is an eclipsed moon. It was released in 8-card booster packs, of which 2 cards were from the uncommon sheet and 6 cards from the common sheet; 43 uncommons were printed twice as often in the uncommon sheet as 35 rares.

The Dark was the first Magic expansion that was released in a foreign language. It was published in English and in Italian under the name L'Oscurità. Despite being the first set that was translated to Italian, it is not the oldest set that was translated. After the release of the Italian The Dark, Legends was also published in Italian.

Misprints for this set include the card, which had its text shifted to the left, and , which has a black diagonal line through the text box as a result of a hair on the printing plate. Cards with artwork by Dennis Detwiler were inadvertently credited to Denise Detwiler.

Storyline
The storyline of The Dark was initially only told through the flavor texts of the cards. However, in 1999 the first novel in the Ice Age cycle, The Gathering Dark by Jeff Grubb, was released. The book tells the story of Jodah, one of the protagonists of the storyline of The Dark.

In the aftermath of the Brothers' War, a series of conflicts ends up causing most of the inhabitants of the continent of Terisiare to revert to a more primitive state. During this time, several leaders and notable heroes rise up, such as Vervamon the Elder (who was later burned at the stake), Maeveen O'Donahough, Barl the Artificer, Mairisil the Pretender, and Lord Ith (who was held captive by Mairsil).

After the destruction of large amounts of the continent Terisiare during the Brothers' War, most nations turn heavily to religion and magic to help them cope with the coming ice age caused by the detonation of the, creating a climate change similar to that of a nuclear winter. Mairsil the Pretender, the advisor to an unnamed king, imprisons Lord Ith in the device called "" (a mage-prison built by his chief artificer, Barl) and wages war in the "Dark Lands", areas of Terisiare overcome with black mana influence. Lord Ith summons a rag man to find someone to free him. Mairsil is obsessed with finding a gateway to Phyrexia, and when a young mage named Jodah arrives, he tries to manipulate the boy to take him there.

During these times, he employs Maveen O'Donahough and her troop of mercenaries, who go out to scout, search and destroy, and undertake other various missions. They are accompanied by Vervamon the Elder, an elderly sage who records parts of their travel and takes down bits of important lore. However, when he returns, he is branded a heretic and burned at the stake as a martyr. Eventually, Jodah frees Lord Ith as Mairsil begins to lose his power, caused by the weakening of the land by the coming ice age.

Mechanics
The Dark introduced no new mechanics. However, it did utilize several themes that would be used later on in Magic sets, especially the payment of life to activate abilities.

 * "Sacrifice", where a player has to sacrifice something to gain the upper hand against an opponent, usually life or creatures. and  are examples.
 * "Tribal", a theme that would later be more prominent in Magic, had a presence here, largely in the Goblin tribe. Cards such as and  boosted Goblins, while  destroyed them.
 * "Cooperation of enemy colors", where cards interacted favorable with enemy colors such as.
 * "Self-hosing", where cards were good against their own color. allowed black to destroy black creatures (something Black had trouble doing before), while  and  were more direct.

Notable cards
The Dark has a reputation for having a somewhat weak power level compared to earlier sets, and slowed the speed of the game down. Initial problems with powerful cards in earlier sets had led Magic designers to more closely tune cards for balance.

 *  – One of the iconic red creatures in early Magic, Ball Lightning has been reprinted several times and spawned multiple imitator cards in later sets that were also one-shot attacks with haste, such as and.
 *  – This was the first card that penalized players for using non-basic lands. It was designed from a top-down flavor perspective that flooding the land with red light should transform lands to produce red mana. It has proved a staple in the Modern format, and sees occasional play in Legacy as well.
 *  – Although The Dark generally has a rather low power level, Maze of Ith quickly made it to the lists of restricted cards. Unlike today, even Standard had a restricted list back then, but Maze of Ith was on the Vintage restricted list for some time as well. Maze of Ith has a somewhat strange rarity; it is the 44th uncommon in the set, but does not appear on the uncommon sheet. Instead, it appeared on the common sheet, but 1/3 as often as the actual commons. As a result, it was printed somewhat more than the other uncommons, although still less than the commons.
 *  – This zero cost card can completely remove a graveyard. It is thus a useful sideboard card, so that a deck can deal with graveyard strategies.
 *  – This card is widely regarded as being one of the worst land cards ever printed. Its main use is to be given to an opponent somehow.

Reviews

 * Rollespilsmagasinet Fønix (Danish) (Issue 4 - September/October 1994)

Fallen Empires
Fallen Empires was the fifth Magic: The Gathering expansion set, released in November 1994. Out of the set of 187 cards, 102 were functionally unique, with the remainder being variant illustrations of other cards in the set. The mechanics of Fallen Empires include a tribal subtheme and heavy use of counters and tokens. Thematically, the set experiments with conflict within the colors. The expansion symbol for the set is a crown.

Similar to The Dark, Fallen Empires is widely regarded as an overall weak set in power level. The set "with mixed reviews from players, and controversy over the set's effectiveness still rages on." The set's large printing meant the individual price of each card on the secondary market was comparatively inexpensive, fueling perceptions of a weak power level. Still, the set has its proponents, who note its strong flavor and good commons. Richard Garfield described it at the time as "easily the most complicated and best-looking of the expansions. The play value is high for the complexity, and the cards are very valuable for play. The flavor is probably the most cohesive since Arabian Nights. This expansion is easily my favorite."

Storyline
Fallen Empires takes place on the continent of Sarpadia after the Brothers' War in Antiquities. Each of the major cultures on Sarpadia is confronted with internal threats caused by the cooling weather: the dwarves are attacked by orcs and goblins; the Vodalian merfolk face the homarid menace; the elves of the forest struggle to contain the fungus-like ; the proud soldiers of Icatia confront opposition from religious zealots; and the dark Order of the Ebon Hand fights a thrull revolt. The storyline of Fallen Empires is continued in the Ice Age set.

Printing and distribution
Fallen Empires was released in November 1994. It was sold in boosters of eight cards with a box of boosters containing sixty booster packs. Each booster contained two cards from the uncommon and six from the common sheet. Of the cards from the uncommon sheet, 36 were functionally rares (U1) and appeared once on the uncommon sheet. They were three times as rare as most other uncommons. The remaining uncommons were 25 U3 and 5 U2 cards. Of the common cards, each is equally common if each card with a unique artwork is counted as an individual card. Counting only functionally unique cards, there were 15 common cards that appeared in four versions and 20 that appeared in three versions. There was also one common, Delif's Cone, that had only one version, making it just as rare as an U3 uncommon.

Because previous sets were underprinted, often making them unavailable very quickly after they went on sale, more Fallen Empires cards were printed than any previous set. Wizards of the Coast announced the print run of Fallen Empires to be 350–375 million cards, compared to 75 million for its predecessor, The Dark. Booster packs were thus available until 1998, despite the fact that Wizards stopped shipping cards in January 1995.

Fallen Empires was the last set produced only in English, although the two previous sets, Legends and The Dark, had already been produced in Italian. Its successor, Ice Age, was available in six languages.

Due to a printing error, a small number of cards from Fallen Empires were printed with Wyvern backs when that game was manufactured at the same factory. These were distributed in Wyvern starters and have an exceptionally high value on the secondary market relative to other Fallen Empire cards.

Mechanics
Fallen Empires introduced a tribal theme that would later be revisited in Onslaught. Each color had two main creature types, as well as cards that benefit from controlling creatures of those types. Another theme introduced was internal strife within each color. Each color had two major tribes, one of the rulers, and another lesser or enslaved force; the lesser force rebels against or escapes control of the old rulers in each storyline, causing their collapse—hence, the Fallen Empires.

 * White: Icatia and its Order of Leitbur face zealots of the Farrelite Cult.
 * Blue: The Merfolk of Vodalia deal with the rise of the crab-like Homarids.
 * Black: The Order of the Ebon Hand faces a rebellion by its enslaved Thrulls.
 * Red: An unnamed Dwarven Kingdom is overrun by Goblins and Orcs.
 * Green: The Elves are overwhelmed by the rampant growth of fungus-like Thallids.

A number of Fallen Empires cards also made heavy usage of counters and tokens, leading the company to publish a sheet of cardboard counters in the game's companion magazine The Duelist.

Notable cards

 *  – This powerful discard spell has seen a large amount of tournament play in formats where it is legal.
 *  – Various combo decks have been built around the mana acceleration that this card provides.
 *  – One of the earliest incentives to play a deck with many Goblin cards.
 * ' and ' – For their mana efficiency, protection from respective colors and combat oriented abilities, these clerics were used in many successful decks of this period.

Reviews

 * Rollespilsmagasinet Fønix (Danish) (Issue 6 - January/February 1995)

Ice Age
Ice Age was the sixth Magic: The Gathering expansion set, released in June 1995. Ice Age was the beginning of the "block" paradigm for Magic, as the Alliances set released in 1996 continues the story of Ice Age.

Chronicles
Chronicles was the first compilation set of Magic: The Gathering, released in July 1995. The set is one of two sets that have been sold in twelve-card booster packs, the other having been Alliances. The set remains somewhat unusual, as Chronicles introduced no new cards, but solely reprinted cards from Arabian Nights, Antiquities, Legends, and The Dark. These reprints kept the original set's symbol as well, rather than using a Chronicles specific symbol. For tournament play, Chronicles was designated as an extension of the Fourth Edition base set. The cards in Chronicles are white-bordered, in accordance with the Wizards of the Coast policy of the time that black-bordered cards would only be reprinted with white borders. In addition, the game text on many Chronicles cards was updated to reflect then-current rules, rulings, and templating. For example, Cyclone from Arabian Nights instructed players to place "chips" on the card to mark its status, while the Chronicles reprint of Cyclone used "counters" instead, as had become standard usage.

Arabian Nights, Antiquities, Legends, and The Dark quickly sold out in the hobby-gaming market, so both new and existing players had extremely limited access to cards from those sets at the time. Chronicles was printed to satisfy the market demand of players who had been unable to buy as much of the first four expansions as they wished, or who were new players and missed those expansions entirely. Wizards of the Coast's development team for Chronicles excluded powerful, abusive cards that were the frequent sources of player complaints, such as Mana Drain, The Abyss, Nether Void, Moat, and Maze of Ith, while including cards that they determined had a high "coolness factor" and would drive sales with the predominantly casual player base for Magic at the time, such as the Elder Dragon Legends, The Wretched, Sol'Kanar the Swamp King, Dakkon Blackblade, and the three "Urza's Lands" from Antiquities. Tournament players added Chronicles reprints City of Brass, Erhnam Djinn, Recall, Divine Offering, Fountain of Youth, and Feldon's Cane to their decks at tournaments such as the first Pro Tour New York in February, 1996.

Printing and distribution
Chronicles was released in early August 1995 and went out of print in December 1996. Chronicles sold in 12-card booster packs that contained three cards from the uncommon print sheet and nine from the common sheet. Of the cards from the uncommon sheet, 25 were three times as common as the other 46, essentially dividing the cards from the uncommon sheet into rares and uncommons. The commons come in four different rarities. The five multicolored Legends at common are C1, appearing each once on the print sheet and thus just as common as the uncommons from the set. The seven common artifacts are C2, and the 30 common cards with a single color are C3. The remaining three commons are the Urza's lands, originally from Antiquities. They are C4, but each has four different artworks, so for collector's purposes they often counted as three C1 cards each. It is estimated that about 180 million Chronicles cards were produced.

Renaissance
Wizards of the Coast released a similar set called Renaissance into German, French and Italian markets. The German and French versions of the black-bordered set are the same, and contained all the cards that rotated into 4th Edition from the first four expansion sets. This was due to company policy that stated that a card could not be reprinted in a white-bordered set without first appearing in a black-bordered set in that language. The Italian version of Renaissance (Rinascimento) had different cards, because Wizards of the Coast's licensee Stratelibri had already printed The Dark (Oscurità) and Legends (Leggende) in their entirety in Italian, and released them in that order, the opposite of the order of the original English versions. Rinascimento instead contained the cards rotated into 4th Edition from the Arabian Nights and Antiquities expansions, plus the cards reprinted in Chronicles from the Arabian Nights and Antiquities expansions.

Wizards of the Coast originally planned all foreign-language Chronicles sets to be black-bordered, except the Italian version, which would be white-bordered because every card in it had already been printed in Italian in a black-bordered set. However, Wizards of the Coast's licensee Hobby Japan ended up printing the only foreign-language Chronicles that was ever released—a Japanese printing with black borders.

Impact
Chronicles succeeded in opening up the supply of notable cards to casual players, eliminating scarcity issues on cards from the earlier sets. For Magic as a game, this was a great boon. However, it succeeded too well; collectors, speculators, and stores who'd invested in expensive cards saw the value of their purchases plummet. Due to complaints from them, Wizards of the Coast enacted the "Reserve List": a guarantee that a certain percentage of rares from each set would never be reprinted. It was essentially a guarantee that a set like Chronicles would not happen again. While initially largely ignored, the Reserve List has since grown contentious as the price of various old cards protected by the Reserve List has continued to climb in the years since, with "players constantly calling for its abolishment". Magic designer Mark Rosewater has said that he wishes the Reserve List had never been created, but Wizards of the Coast has elected to honor it because they didn't want to set a precedent that they broke their own promises. Wizards of the Coast stopped adding new cards to the Reserve List in Mercadian Masques, but it remains in force for some cards printed from 1993 to 1999. Once the Reserve List stopped being used for new sets, several other reprint sets have since been made that are similar to Chronicles such as Modern Masters and Eternal Masters.

Homelands
Homelands was the seventh Magic: The Gathering expansion set, released in October 1995. While a stand-alone set as far as its storyline, it was considered to be part of the Ice Age block for tournament legality purposes until the announcement of Coldsnap in October 2005.

Homelands was the last set to be sold in eight-card booster packs; six cards would be from the common sheet, and two cards from the uncommon sheet. Uncommons and rares were distinguished by how often a card appeared on the uncommon sheet; (actual) uncommons were three times as frequent as rares.

Storyline
The set takes place in a plane known as Ulgrotha. Homelands begins 600 years earlier, during a war between the Tolgath, planeswalkers who desire knowledge, and the Ancients, wizards who are prepared to be cruel to defend 'their' mysteries. A Tolgath planeswalker named Ravi used an artifact called the Apocalypse Chime, given to her by her master, to destroy all life and mana on Ulgrotha. The plane became a prime battleground for wizards, until the planeswalker Feroz happened upon it. He wished to protect the plane, so he, along with the planeswalker Serra, created a ban to keep other planeswalkers out. Feroz later died in a lab accident while studying a fire elemental trapped in ice. Serra later allowed herself to be killed by a mugger who wanted to take her wedding ring (Serra would appear briefly in the novelization of a later set, Urza's Saga, but that appearance occurred prior to her coming to Ulgrotha).

The events surrounding the set begin many years after Feroz's death, when his ban begins to fade. The residents of Ulgrotha (now known to its inhabitants as the Homelands) are at war with one another.

Design
According to Aaron Forsythe, Magic Director of R&D, "it seems Homelands started design as a story first". While most Magic sets have a background story, it is rather unusual for a Magic set to have the story dictate most of the design of the cards in the set.

The 140-card set introduced no new mechanics or keywords; however, it did use some of the mechanics previously unique to Ice Age. Most notably, Homelands used the "cantrip" ability: a cantrip spell in the Ice Age block allowed a player to draw a card at the beginning of the next turn in addition to a normally minor spell effect. Later cantrips allowed a player to draw a card immediately.

Homelands also included single-color legendary creatures, first published in Ice Age. In Homelands, each color had at least one legend, with some colors having as many as five (Black has Baron Sengir, Irini Sengir, Grandmother Sengir, Veldrane of Sengir and Ihsan's Shade).

Reception
The expansion, on average, had an unexpectedly low power level compared to previously released expansions. Initially, very few cards were used for competitive play when the expansion was legal in the Standard tournament format. More problematically, the cards weren't considered interesting even ignoring their weak power level; Magic head designer Mark Rosewater labeled Homelands as "Magic's all-time design low". According to Rosewater, the set had been designed by friends of Wizards of the Coast CEO Peter Adkison, and Adkison ignored warnings from R&D that the set wasn't very good when publishing it. Additionally, the Magic balance team of the time de-powered much of the set, helping lead to the reputed low power level of the cards. When the first Pro Tour was held shortly after the release of the set, Wizards included a rule mandating that each deck had to have five cards from each legal expansion. This was widely perceived as forcing decks to include at least a few Homelands cards to be showcased in the top decks.

Andy Butcher reviewed Homelands for Arcane magazine, rating it an 8 out of 10 overall. Butcher comments that "players who want cheap 'killer cards' are going to be disappointed. Those who genuinely enjoy the game, though, will find Homelands a valuable addition to their card collection." In an analysis of the quality of every set, Craig Jones described Homelands as "the worst set in Magic's history."

Notable cards

 *  – A green legend, its untargetability made it a staple in many early green decks. It was the first creature printed to be untargetable as a static ability.
 *  – A black legend that was considered the first "lord" for vampires in Magic.
 *  – A blue sorcery that allows a player to search his or her library for a blue instant card and put it directly into his or her hand. This card has been restricted to one per deck in the Vintage format because it can search one of the many other extremely powerful blue cards in that format, such as and.
 *  – An artifact that was considered one of the more powerful cards in the set, as it allowed any color to remove creatures from play. It was reprinted as part of the "timeshifted" subset in Time Spiral.
 *  – A delaying counterspell that saw reasonably wide play and several reprints, although not in the modern era of Magic where the effect is considered slightly undercosted at 2 mana.

Reviews

 * Rollespilsmagasinet Fønix (Danish) (Issue 11 - Dec/Jan 1995)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ivan Espinosa

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 01:32, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Ivan Espinosa
Non-notable activist. "Ivan Daniel Espinosa" gets zero Google hits. "Ivan Espinosa" +HDGE gets three hits. "Helping Democrats Get Elected" only gets 51 hits, and that's for ALL of its chapters, not just the one Ivan runs. RickK 22:52, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, doesn't pass the "average activist" test. --TenOfAllTrades | Talk 23:00, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, possible vanity. Megan1967 06:56, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as above. Master Thief Garrett 03:13, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Quale 23:34, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Typing

Animation
I don't know how to do it, but the graphic should only flash a couple times

 * I'm not sure if that can be done. It's a rather annoying image, though not so bad now that the article is long enough to scroll down from it. The other problem with it is the shameless self reference, replete with Wikipedia link. Richard001 09:16, 17 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I find the animation annoying, as well. Could it be slowed down? Also, the letters jump a bit, and as you noted, the self-reference is needless. Jobarts-Talk 04:27, 22 February 2007 (UTC)
 * It's both annoying and pointless. The image shows text appearing letter by letter, and for some reason jumping around... that is not typing, that is just a screen forming a word. I'll remove it. Remy B 15:51, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

Variations on "hunt and peck"
I personally don't hunt and peck. I just peck. I use mostly my index and middle fingers to type, but I have mastered the keyboard in the sense that I am able to type while looking at the monitor and make relatively few mistakes because I pretty much know where the keys are. It's sort of a morph between touch typing and hunt-and-peck typing. I really don't know. Is there a name for this, or do I just have my own technique? └ Jared ┘┌ t ┐  22:34, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Dunno about a name, but many, many people (including me) type in that fashion. I can actually type pretty dang quick if I know what I'm typing (a bit harder when transcribing) with just my two index fingers plus a few other fingers (notably my thumbs for the space bar). --Viper007Bond 12:36, 9 September 2007 (UTC)cool!

Doctors Hunt, and Peck PH.D.
Document the joke about it being a method developed by Drs. Hunt & Peck. Jidanni (talk) 00:19, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

The wikipedia is not a trivia database. 96.50.131.77 (talk) 15:01, 7 July 2009 (UTC)

Broken link?
The link to Touch Typing at the bottom of the screen doesn't quite work - it takes you to a page that says that no such article exists, and to edit that nonexistant page or create one. Shouldn't it link to the following adress? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touch_typing Kryssel 15:37, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

(Redirected from Hunt and peck typing)
There seems to be no page on Hunt and Peck typing. When you click on a link to Hunt and Peck typing in redirects to this page which as no info on it, only another link. 75.8.47.177 14:53, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

New category
I have created a new category Category:Typing software. A lot of the articles are of questionable notability. I have also suggested we have an article on typing software on the to-do list, though I notice people seem to habitually ignore these lists. Richard001 (talk) 06:47, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

Source document?
The sections of this article that discuss typing methods really need to be rewritten to not mention "source documents", which seems kind of anachronistic. I imagine that most typing these days is not done from any source document. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mkehrt (talk • contribs) 05:50, 25 February 2009 (UTC)

Incorrect (or confusing) formula for Total Error Rate?
Apologies if that is not the right place to post that. The formula for "Total Error Rate" at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typing#Total_error_rate is confusing, if not incorrect. It uses an unexpected "right side column AF". Not being knowledgeable in the field, I am unable to correct the formula, unfortunately. I hope an expert can attend to that. Thanks in advance. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Taibr (talk • contribs) 01:28, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

Swype
If thumbing is in this article, then using the Swype keyboard (in a nutshell, tracing over the letters on an onscreen keyboard and using recognition technology to identify the word) should also be here. [] Wikipedian192 (talk) 20:49, 2 October 2011 (UTC) Swype is amazing.

Hawking
I am just a reader of this article, I have no experience with Wikipedia article building but I feel that the section mentioning about Stephen Hawking's typing style is irrelevant and/or just put within the article as uninteresting fact about him. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.99.27.209 (talk) 16:25, 22 November 2012 (UTC)
 * seconded.122.61.157.138 (talk) 23:48, 26 March 2013 (UTC)

To do
What is this nonsense? There doesn't seem to be an easy way of removing it either 122.61.157.138 (talk) 23:48, 26 March 2013 (UTC)
 * actually i did it after all.122.61.157.138 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 15:21, 23 April 2013 (UTC)

Hunt and peck
Hunt and peck (two-fingered typing), also known as search and peck or Eagle Finger, is a common form of typing, in which the typist presses each key individually. Please add Brady typing to the list of alternate names for Hunt and peck typing. This name is used in season 2 of the internet podcast Hello Internet and is named after one of the cohosts, Brady Haran.

Serendipity421 (talk) 19:29, 11 October 2016 (UTC)

 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Simply having it be mentioned in a podcast doesn't merit addition to the article, unless you can provide reliable, third-party sources showing more widespread use of the term. ‑‑ El Hef  ( Meep? ) 19:40, 11 October 2016 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 25 May 2017
Fix ref 12 URL http://rcranger.mysite.syr.edu/famhist/blackburn.htm -> http://rcranger.mysite.syr.edu/dvorak/ Spt518 (talk) 19:16, 25 May 2017 (UTC)

Done Power~enwiki (talk) 22:54, 25 May 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 16 March 2018
In the sentence"Participants are allowed to enter text naturally, since they may commit error and correct them."Please change error to errors, since the context is plural. 208.95.51.38 (talk) 17:12, 16 March 2018 (UTC)
 * ✅ - Thanks for pointing that out - Arjayay (talk) 17:28, 16 March 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 28 April 2018
'For the purposes of WPM measurement a word is standardized to five characters or keystrokes. Therefore, "brown" counts as one word, but "accounted" counts as two,' This says that a word for the purpose of WPM measurement is 5 characters, but then it shows a word that is 9 characters and says it counts as 2 words for the purpose of WPM measurements, even though it would only be 1 and 4/5s of a word if a word is defined as 5 characters. i think that the word "accounted" should be changed to "mozzarella" because mozzarella is a 10 letter word which would make the sentence i quoted be correct so no further editing is needed, and it is a fairly common word. Internetrules (talk) 01:33, 29 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done Thanks for bringing it to my attention. — qwerty6811 :-) Chat Ping me 21:11, 30 April 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 28 June 2018
Write your request ABOVE this line and do not remove the tildes and curly brackets below. 103.51.102.30 (talk) 18:05, 28 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Kpgj  hpjm  18:17, 28 June 2018 (UTC)

Specificity of the first sentence of the article
The first sentence "Typing is the process of writing or inputting text by pressing keys on a typewriter, computer keyboard, mobile phone, or calculator." seems a bit too specific, however, I do not know how else I would word it that corrects the fact that typing can be done on devices that aren't typewriters, computers, phones, or calculators; such as a tablet or smart watch. Aknatn (talk) 15:51, 14 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Typing


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Talk:Vigoroth

User comment in article
The following text was removed from the article:

"*You said that it must be raised from slakoth until level 36 and it turns into vigoroth but its actually 18, skaing is 36.--71.136.76.212 01:28, 7 July 2006 (UTC)"

Khatru2 07:04, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

This article is full of small errors. I fixed and expanded the video games section, but am too lazy to do the rest right now. The battle against Norman is the fifth gym battle by the way, not the first.
 * I've rewritten the entire video games section, cheers — M in  un  Spiderman • Review Me 19:42, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

GA Failing

 * stubby sections
 * no section headers
 * missing other media area

 * This is a stubby article, with wealths of other information available. H ig hway Return to Oz...  09:26, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

MERGED
Slakoth,Vigorth,and Slaking have been merged into an article called Slakoth evolutionary line. By Ridley76.

title: Talk:Vigoroth


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User talk:Wilez

asdsdd

title: User talk:Wilez


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User:Wilez

wfff

title: User:Wilez


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World Oceans Day

World Ocean Day (abbreviation not acronym: WOD) is an international day that takes place annually on 8 June. The concept was originally proposed in 1992 by Canada's International Centre for Ocean Development (ICOD) and the Ocean Institute of Canada (OIC) at the Earth Summit – UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Ocean Project started global coordination of World Ocean Day starting in 2002. "World Oceans Day" was officially recognised by the United Nations in 2008. The international day supports the implementation of worldwide Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and fosters public interest in the protection of the ocean and the sustainable management of its resources. World Oceans Day is observed by all UN member states, incl. Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Poland, South Africa and the United States.

1987–1992
The Brundtland Commission (also known as the World Commission on Environment and Development) noted in the 1987 Brundtland Report that the ocean sector lacked a strong voice compared to other sectors.

At the first World Ocean Day in 1992, the objectives were to move the ocean from the sidelines to the centre of the intergovernmental and NGO discussions and policy and to strengthen the voice of ocean and coastal constituencies worldwide.

2002–2008
Globally coordinated efforts began with The Ocean Project and the World Ocean Network collaborating, and events numbered in the dozens. During this time, www.WorldOceanDay.org launched, to help promote the opportunity to raise the profile of the ocean and provide opportunities for getting involved and making a difference for our blue planet. The website provides event organisers with ways to help in their communities, and generates global involvement through the dissemination of educational and actionable resources, ideas, and tools, always free for everyone to use to celebrate World Ocean Day in whatever way they choose. In 2004, The Ocean Project and World Ocean Network launched the "Help Make a Difference for our Ocean Planet!" with both online and in person opportunities to sign a petition to the United Nations to officially recognise 8 June as World Ocean Day. In December 2008, the UN General Assembly passed a Declaration to officially recognise the Day.

Overview
The United Nations selected the following annual themes for the Day:
 * 2009: "Our Oceans, Our Responsibilities"
 * 2010: "Our Oceans: Opportunities and Challenges"
 * 2011: "Our Oceans: Greening Our Future"
 * 2012: "UNCLOS @ 30" – United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
 * 2013: "Oceans & People"
 * 2014: "Ocean Sustainability: Together let's ensure oceans can sustain us into the future"
 * 2015: "Healthy Oceans, Healthy Planet"
 * 2016: "Healthy Oceans, Healthy Planet –Voyaging to a Sustainable Planet: Arrival of the Hōkūle‘a)"
 * 2017: "Our Oceans, Our Future"
 * 2018: "Clean Our Ocean"
 * 2019: "Gender and The Ocean"
 * 2020: "Innovation For A Sustainable Ocean"
 * 2021: "The Ocean: Life & Livelihoods"
 * 2022: "Revitalization: Collective Action for the Ocean"
 * 2023: "Planet Ocean: Tides are Changing"
 * 2024: "Awaken New Depths"

2008
The Ocean Project and World Ocean Network launched an annual theme for the first time: "Helping our climate / helping our ocean" with a special focus on coral reefs, to help support the International Year of the Reef.

2009–2010
Continued and more heavily emphasised on climate with conservation action theme of "one ocean, one climate, one future" because comprehensive polling work showed that the public not making the connections between climate change and ocean health.

2010
The Ocean Project and World Ocean Network recorded over 300 events for WOD 2010, a 26% increase over 2009. Participation in the United States increased by 32% (with participation in 37 states, as compared to 25 states the previous year). Forty-five countries participated in World Oceans Day 2010, including Bangladesh, Belgium, French Polynesia, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, Malta, Malaysia, Venezuela, and Portugal.

2011–2012
Based on growing requests from around the world for a two-year focus, The Ocean Project and World Ocean Network launched "Youth: the Next Wave for Change" encouraging all participating organizations to more effectively engage young people in their communities and countries for education and action.

2013
The "Make a Promise" global campaign focused again on supporting organizations to use World Oceans Day events as opportunities to ask people in their communities or target audiences to take action for our shared ocean.

2014
Through the global World Ocean Day network, stepped up involvement on the major issues facing the ocean, and launched "Together We Have the Power to Protect the Ocean!" with action guides on renewable energy/climate change, sustainable seafood/fisheries, plastics action. Events registered on the World Ocean Day website numbered in the hundreds. The United Nations together with partners launched the annual amateur World Oceans Day Oceanic Photo Competition.

2015–2019
In solidarity with the annual UN themes, The Ocean Project launched a five-year Conservation Action Focus on plastic pollution prevention and helping with solutions for a healthy world ocean. The World Ocean Day Youth Advisory Council launched in 2016, and current cohort includes 25 diverse young leaders (ages 15–23) from 22 countries.

2020
The UN theme for World Oceans Day was "Innovation for a sustainable ocean". Conservation Action Focus on protecting 30% of our lands and ocean by 2030 ("30x30"), joining with the Campaign for Nature and the growing global movement to petition world leaders to commit their countries to 30x30. The Ocean Project and National Geographic coordinated a first-ever 24-hour Youth-a-thon for the ocean, with 24 co-hosts from 24 major time zones discussing and demonstrating ways to learn more about and help protect our shared blue planet.

2021
The theme for World Oceans Day in 2021 was'The Ocean: Life & Livelihoods'. The aim of this year's campaign was to "shed light on the wonder of the ocean and how it is our life-source, supporting humanity and every other organism on Earth". The conservation action focus for World Ocean Day 2021 focused for a second year on protecting 30% of our lands and ocean by 2030 ("30x30"), joining with the Campaign for Nature and the growing global movement to petition world leaders to commit their countries to 30x30.

2022
The theme for World Oceans Day in 2022 is Revitalization: Collective Action for the Ocean. The campaign was promoted on social media. Its purpose was to raise awareness and action against the consequences of human activity on. the ocean’s health, as 95% of the ocean’s surface has become more acidic since the late 1980s. The acidification of the oceans is dangerous to the marine ecosystem and affects more than three billion people, who depend on the oceans for income and diet.

World Oceans Day 2022 celebration
On 8 June 2022, millions of people in multiple different countries across the whole world celebrated World Oceans Day 2022 despite the COVID-19 pandemic.

title: World Oceans Day


text:
Crimson & Clover (album)

Crimson & Clover is the sixth album by Tommy James and the Shondells. It features the #1 hit "Crimson and Clover" as well as the #2 hit "Crystal Blue Persuasion". The album "Crimson & Clover", was released in December 1968 and reached a peak of #8 on the Billboard 200.

Based on suggestions from radio stations the group chose to create an extended five-and-a-half minute long version of the title song for the album. The first two verses were copied without lead vocals, and then overdubbed with guitar solos by Shondells guitarist Ed Gray using steel guitars and fuzz guitars, as well as an extended one-minute wah-wah pedal finish. During tape copying a slight speed error was inadvertently introduced. This resulted in a small drop in pitch during the new guitar solo sections, which went unfixed.

The group had toured with Vice President Hubert Humphrey during his 1968 presidential campaign. Humphrey showed his appreciation by writing the liner notes for the Crimson and Clover album.

CD re-release
The version of Crimson and Clover on the 1991 "Crimson and Clover/Cellophane Symphony" CD is the same as the original album version; however, digital audio workstation software was used to fix the speed and pitch error made in 1968. The CD booklet states that "Crimson and Clover" is now as it was "meant to be heard," and that Tommy James is "very satisfied" with the reissue of the recordings in CD format.

Personnel
Adapted from AllMusic.

 * Eddie Gray – lead guitar, background vocals
 * Bill Inglot – engineer (CD remastering)
 * Tommy James – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, keyboards, producer
 * Peter Lucia – drums, percussion, background vocals
 * Ken Perry – engineer (CD remastering)
 * Ron Rosman – keyboards, background vocals
 * Michael Thom – liner notes
 * Mike Vale – bass, background vocals
 * Bruce Staple - Engineer

Charts
Album Singles

title: Crimson & Clover (album)


text:
Talk:Dumbing down

POV
The first and part of the second paragraph of the Mass Communications Media section are POV and unsourced:

"Increased business competition and the introduction of econometric methods changed the business practices of the mass communications media. The business monopoly practice of media consolidation reduced the breadth and the depth of the journalism practiced and provided for the information of the public. The reduction of operating costs (overhead expenses) eliminated foreign news bureaus and reporters, in favour of presenting the public relations publications (news releases) of governments, businesses, and political parties as fact.

Refinements in measurement of approval ratings and audience size increased the incentive for journalists and TV producers to write simplistic material, diminishing the intellectual complexity of the argument presented, usually at the expense of factual accuracy and rationality."

How should they be neutralized?

Duxwing (talk) 01:25, 4 January 2015 (UTC)

it should be dumbed down to be neutral for dumies — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.90.196.227 (talk) 22:53, 5 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dumbing down


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Philip Absolon

Philip Absolon (born 24 November 1960) is a British artist and a founder member of the Stuckists art group, exhibiting in the group shows, including The Stuckists Punk Victorian at the Walker Art Gallery in 2004, and taking part in Stuckist demonstrations against the Turner Prize. He has had long-term unemployment problems, depicted in his work with imagery of skeletons; his other main subject is cats, which he studies and depicts in motion.

Life and career
Philip Absolon was born in Erith, Kent, and is the great-great-grandson of the Victorian watercolourist John Absolon (1815–1895). He attended Rede School, Strood, and Educational Special Unit, Chatham (he is dyslexic). 1977–79, he was at the Foundation Art course, Medway College of Art and Design, along with future Stuckist artists, Billy Childish and Bill Lewis, who in 1979 formed The Medway Poets performance group with Charles Thomson and three others. This group—with which Absolon read, although he was not a formal member — was the core of the Stuckism art group founded in 1999.

1979–82, he did a Diploma course at Epsom College of Art, where his paintings were thrown in a skip on the orders of the Principal. 1982–93 was spent either unemployed or in job training schemes for computer or office work. In 1984, his application for the Slade School of Art was rejected, and so in 1987 was his application for the Royal College of Art, to which he submitted pictures of cats. 1993–94, he was on a Fine Art Access course at Maidstone College of Art, then accepted for a part-time degree, which financial constraints made him unable to accept; he was then awarded a grant for a full-time course, but his application was rejected. In 1999, he was accepted for an NVQ in horse care, which he could not finish as he had to undertake a mandatory Government Project Work placement. Childish provided a source of support during Absolon's difficult times.

In 1999, he was one of the founder members of the Stuckists art group, launched by Thomson and Childish; he has regularly exhibited in Stuckist shows, and also participated in most of the group's demonstrations against the Turner Prize at Tate Britain. 2003–04, he was Artist-in-Residence at the Rochester Adult Education Centre, Kent. In 2004, he was one of the fourteen "founder and featured" artists in The Stuckists Punk Victorian held at the Walker Art Gallery for the Liverpool Biennial.

John Davies, a Liverpool Church of England vicar chose Absolon's Job Club as his picture of the month in February 2005, saying, "Of all the striking paintings in The Stuckists: Punk Victorian exhibition ... Philip Absolon's hit me hardest. I get the impression a lot of Stuckists are well used to life on society's fringes, on the receiving end of welfare-to-work policies which just don't work for many. Absolon's pictures – many in this style and on this theme – seem born out of the awful experience of sitting in places like Job Clubs and feeling, well, skeletal, living dead."

In July 2006, he was selected by Matt Price for the Saatchi Gallery Your Gallery: Critic's Choice. Price said: Some of the cat paintings are classics, but for me the most interesting works are those that depict people and unusual places ... The works appear unassumingly outsider and contentedly naïve, and as such are fascinating, curious and endearing paintings.

Absolon was one of the ten "leading Stuckists" in the Go West exhibition at Spectrum London gallery in October 2006.

He travels Europe by train in order to visit art museums and palaces. He has a strong interest in the German Hohenzollern Empire (1871–1918), and likes The Arts Club in Mayfair, London. He lives in a cottage in Norfolk, England.

Art
Absolon has drawn regularly since he was sixteen, and still attends courses on sculpture, life drawing and painting. He always carries a sketch book with him, drawing, for example, customers in cafés. He studies cats in movement and draws them. Cats and skeletons are the main subjects in his work, which can be compared to Outsider Art, but has much greater depth.

His working method is to enlarge the original drawing on a photocopier and then trace it onto the canvas with dressmaker's tracing paper. He usually paints from 8 to 10 at night. One of his paintings may take up to a month to complete.

He described the origin of his painting, Job Club: They were all real people on a government unemployed scheme. They were builders apart from me, and they didn't want to be there. We'd all been doing it so long that I thought we would end up dead still doing it. I also disguised them because I didn't want to get beaten up. They're all portraits. I'm the middle one.

title: Philip Absolon


text:
Haugbrot

Haugbrot is an album released in 2001 by the Icelandic rock singer Megas. The album contained 14 songs and featured Guðlaugur Kristinn Óttarsson on guitar.

title: Haugbrot


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User:MorgenStar

deded

title: User:MorgenStar


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Flight information region

In aviation, a flight information region (FIR) is a specified region of airspace in which a flight information service and an alerting service (ALRS) are provided. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) delegates which country is responsible for the operational control of a given FIR. FIRs are the largest regular division of airspace in use in the world today, and have existed at least since 1947.

Smaller countries' airspace is encompassed by a single FIR; larger countries' airspace is subdivided into a number of regional FIRs.

Some FIRs encompass the territorial airspace of several countries. Oceanic airspace is divided into oceanic information regions and delegated to a controlling authority bordering that region. The division among authorities is done by international agreement through the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

There is no standard size for FIRs–some are merely vertical extensions of their respective countries, however small they may be, while others may extend far into the open ocean–it is a matter for the administrative convenience of the country concerned. In some cases there is a vertical division of the FIR, in which case the lower portion remains named as such, whereas the airspace above is termed an upper information region (UIR).

A flight information service and an alerting service are the basic levels of air traffic service, providing information pertinent to the safe and efficient conduct of flights and alerting the different relevant authorities should an aircraft be in distress. These are available to all aircraft through an FIR. Higher levels of air traffic advisory and control services may be available within certain portions of airspace within an FIR, according to the ICAO class of that portion of airspace (with regard to national regulations), and the existence of a suitably equipped authority to provide the services.

List of flight information regions
The following table lists flight information regions alphabetically according to their ICAO code.

title: Flight information region


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User talk:MorgenStar

ddd

title: User talk:MorgenStar


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Leithe

Leithe is the northwesternmost part of the city of Bochum in the Ruhr area in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. The population used to speak Westphalian, but now standard German is the norm. Leithe borders onto a part of the city of Essen also bearing the name of Leithe. Leithe belongs to the Stadtbezirk (district of the town) of Wattenscheid. When the last census was held in 1987, Leithe had the third highest share of Roman Catholics in Wattenscheid and Bochum overall.

title: Leithe


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Talk:World Oceans Day

Reference vs. advertisement
This page, coupled with vast number of other pages that were changed to point to this page, makes the reference look more like a campaign than an encyclopedia entry. Wikipedia should not be used as an advertising medium. Daniel Collins 20:15, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Agreed. I've toned it down some, but more work is needed. Blatantly slanted speech like that does not impress people. — Epastore (talk) 02:31, 15 April 2009 (UTC)

Please Change to World Oceans Day (its not world ocean day. oceanS is necessary.
Please Change to World Oceans Day (its not world ocean day. oceanS is necessary. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Raaj.wiki (talk • contribs) 18:48, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

Purpose section: References to celebrating products?
Why are does the purpose state celebrating "products...such as seafood, as well as marine life itself for aquariums, pets" and why so is this so prominently listed in the purpose section? United Nations publications about World Oceans Day, and other publications on this, are all about sustainability and preserving marine biodiversity and ecosystems http://www.un.org/Depts/los/reference_files/worldoceansday.htm Dgfunex (talk) 21:06, 9 June 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:World Oceans Day


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Partition of Bengal

Partition of Bengal may refer to the partition of the Bengal region on two occasions:
 * Partition of Bengal (1905), a reorganization within India
 * Partition of Bengal (1947), a consequence of the Partition of India

title: Partition of Bengal


text: Talk:Haugbrot

title: Talk:Haugbrot


text:
Charlie Mitten

Charles Mitten (17 January 1921 – 2 January 2002) was an English football player and manager who came through the junior ranks at Manchester United. Over his career, Mitten also played for Fulham, Mansfield Town and Altrincham in England, and for Independiente Santa Fe in Colombia, where he had a notable stint, and where he and a number of other players left to escape the maximum wage that was imposed for footballers in England at the time. After his playing career finished, he was involved in football management.

Playing career
Mitten signed with Manchester United in 1936, and was in the junior side with future colleagues Stan Pearson and Johnny Carey. However, due to the suspension of league football owing to the outbreak of war, his first professional appearance did not come until 1946.

During the war, Mitten served in the Royal Air Force, guesting for whatever club was nearest his station. He had two seasons playing for Chelsea and made 22 guest appearances for Southampton, scoring five goals.

After the war, Mitten rejoined Manchester United and proved himself as an excellent winger during the early years of Matt Busby's time at the club. He was part of a talented forward line alongside Jimmy Delaney, Stan Pearson, Jack Rowley and Johnny Morris, which became known as the 'Famous Five' of Old Trafford.

In his four years at United, he helped the club finish as runners-up in the league three times and in fourth place once. He also played in the 4–2 win over Blackpool in the 1948 FA Cup Final. Over the course of his United career, he made 152 appearances in total, scoring 61 goals.

The "Bogota Bandit"
In 1950, United went on a 12-game tour of America, where they played in front of massive, sell-out crowds. It was at this point that Mitten questioned the small amount of money footballers received – the maximum wage in Britain was £12 a week – compared to their evident global popularity. This point was underlined when two other British footballers, Neil Franklin and George Mountford, signed for the same Independiente Santa Fe in Colombia, where the league had broken away from FIFA control, which meant that clubs did not have to pay transfer fees to foreign clubs, resulting in many top players from abroad playing in Colombia in a period nicknamed El Dorado. During the tour, Mitten was approached by a wealthy Colombian businessmen to play for Independiente Santa Fe in Bogotá. Mitten's signing-on fee was reputedly £5,000 plus a weekly wage of at least £40. For this, he was given the nickname "The Bogotá Bandit", which later became the title of his autobiography. He played in Colombia for a year, scoring fifteen times in 34 games, and United's form suffered in his absence.

At the end of his first year Colombia joined FIFA and became subject to FIFA regulations. As Manchester United still held his registration, Mitten was unable to play for anyone but them and had to return to England. He was, however, offered a contract by Santiago Bernabéu, the manager of Real Madrid, who was in the process of forming the all-conquering team that would feature Alfredo Di Stéfano, Francisco Gento and Héctor Rial. He turned down this offer, and later stated his regret at not being able to be a part of the successful Real side.

Return to England
Upon his return, Mitten was subject to a ban by The Football Association, who fined him six months' wages and banned him from playing for the same period. He was also ostracised by Busby, who sold him to Fulham for £22,000 in December 1951. Now aged 31, Mitten made 16 appearances and scored six goals in his first season at Craven Cottage, but could not save the club from relegation to the Second Division. The next season, he played 40 times for another six goals, forming a pair with the young Johnny Haynes. During his time at Fulham, he was picked for the London XI in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup.

International career
Mitten made one appearance for England in an unofficial charity match against Scotland in 1946.

Management
While still a player, Mitten was appointed player-coach of Mansfield Town. Mitten joined the club in February 1956 and remained there for over two years until June 1958. He played 100 league games, scoring 25 league goals. His reign was a success and Mitten's side was praised for their entertaining football. In the 1957–58 season, his side scored 100 goals in League. In his biography, Mitten stated: "The Mansfield job was the best I ever had in football". At Mansfield, he also gave a debut his 16-year-old son, John, who later went on to play for a number of clubs, including Coventry City.

In June 1958, Mitten left Mansfield and joined Newcastle United. Initially, he enjoyed success at the club and steered the club to a pair of solid mid-table finishes, despite an ongoing power struggle between chairman William McKeag (who had installed Mitten and gave him full control over the team) and director and former manager Stan Seymour (who felt the board should be able to veto Mitten's tactics and team selections). Newcastle gained a reputation for free-scoring football under Mitten, but they also proved to be defensively frail, and they ultimately paid the price for this in 1961, when they were relegated after a season in which they scored 86 goals but conceded 109. Mitten was allowed to remain in charge and attempt to steer the club back into the First Division, but instead they found themselves fighting relegation to the Third Division, eventually resulting in Mitten's dismissal a few months into the season. While at Newcastle, he was also involved in the George Eastham affair, which involved another player who challenged the authorities on player's rights.

Subsequent to this, he made a brief playing comeback, serving as player-manager at non-league Altrincham before retiring to the sport of greyhound racing, taking up the position of Assistant Racing Manager at White City Stadium in 1977.

Personal and family
Several of Mitten's brothers also played professional football, and many male members of his extended family, into the next generation or two, were at least semi-professional.

Mitten died in January 2002, shortly before his 81st birthday.

His nephew Albert Scanlon (1935–2009), signed for Manchester United soon after Mitten's departure in the early 1950s and remained with the club until 1960. He was a survivor of the Munich air disaster.

His great-nephew, Andy Mitten, is a football journalist and has been an editor of the Manchester United fanzine United We Stand since the late 1980s, while another great nephew, Sam Mitten, is on the books at Stockport County.

title: Charlie Mitten