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Guinevere Jones

Guinevere Jones is a fantasy television series and a series of four novels created by Elizabeth Stewart. It revolves around the adventures of the title character as she uses magic to fight evil, while at the same time dealing with problems and difficulties of high school. The show debuted in Canada on May 4, 2002, on YTV and ten days later in Australia. It ran for 26 episodes over two seasons.

Main
The main protagonist. Gwen is an independent, passionate and temperamental fourteen-year-old living in a strange world, using magic to fight evil. She learns that she is the reincarnation of the 6th century British queen Guinevere, who betrayed King Arthur and brought Camelot to ruin. Gwen was adopted by the Rosens to live with after her mother was sent to the mental hospital. Reluctantly, she takes on the role of the hero, fighting dark magic, mentored by Merlin. (Note: Tamara Hope also portrays Queen Guinevere in flashbacks) Tasha is Gwen's intelligent and wacky best friend, and Josh's sister. She doesn't care about fitting in and shops at thrift stores, not always by choice, but that's how it is when money's a little tight. She works at a cafe called the Arc which is frequented by students at the school. She's a loyal sidekick to Gwen and with her knowledge of magic, she helps Gwen battle evil. Josh is the utter opposite of his younger sister, Tasha. He is very much a foil to his sister. He's clean cut, responsible, and a hopeless romantic who's smitten with Gwen. He's suspicious of the magic world, but when faced with competition for Gwen's attention, he decides to support Gwen and protect her, even though she doesn't want protection. Dark, intense, mysterious - Michael is the bad risk that most girls find irresistible. He's a loner who spends as little time around school as he can get away with. Like Gwen, he's a misfit and an outside, and he confides in her about the miseries of his home life. Gwen agrees to help Tasha win Michael's heart, while secretly harbouring her own feelings. He was unwillingly protected by the fairy Gadowain, until he used a magical gauntlet to repel against him.
 * Tamara Hope as Gwen Jones:
 * Greta Larkins as Tasha Myers:
 * Damien Bodie as Josh Myers:
 * Yani Gellman as Michael Medina:

Recurring
The wise wizard from the past who guides Gwen in the crusade to shine light into the darkness of human affairs. He and Gwen butt heads frequently, but he has affection and pride in Gwen. He magically projects himself from his own time in the 6th century. He is a friend of Gwen and the gang. The primary antagonist of Gwen and her friends. She has some knowledge of magic herself. She has a crush on Josh, as well as later on Michael. The queen of darkness whose purpose is to steer mankind towards the ignorance and conflict that feeds evil and her power. She rivals Merlin in magical skills; however, she is still mortal and will one day die. She is the evil witch who opposes Gwen and Merlin. She is also the evil half-sister of King Arthur. Mr. O'Leary just seemed to show up one day after a teacher mysteriously falls ill. He's up to something and whenever Gwen turns around, he's there. It is revealed that he is actually Gwen's father. He is also the reincarnation of Mordred. He is a troublesome fairy, and Michael's protector.
 * Ted Hamilton as Merlin:
 * Aljin Abella as Spencer Huang:
 * Bridget Neval as Reine Davidson:
 * Mercia Deane-Johns as Morgana La Faye:
 * Don Halbert as Patrick O'Leary:
 * Ian Dixon as Gadowain:

Guest
The legendary 6th century King of Britain, and the husband of Guinevere. He was betrayed by Guinevere when she cheated on him with Lancelot, and Camelot was brought to ruin as a result. (Note: He appears only in flashbacks of the series) The legendary Knight of the Round Table in Camelot, whom Guinevere cheated on King Arthur with. (Note: He appeared in only one flashback of the series) She is a member of Reine's gang. Her real name is Frances. Her real name is Winifred Winters, is a member of Reine's gang. She is the Socials teacher. He is Gwen's foster father. He and his family live in a thrift store called New Sage which sells magical stuff. She is Gwen's foster mother. She is Gwen's foster sister and in foster care herself. She is Gwen's mother who was captured by an evil spirit and spent her days in the mental hospital.
 * Chris Hemsworth as King Arthur:
 * Alex Tsitsopoulos as Lancelot:
 * Vanessa Elliott as Fire Bromsky:
 * Katie Campbell as Wind Winters:
 * Pepe Trevor as Mrs. Blatt:
 * Dennis Coard as Harve Rosen:
 * Briony Behets as Louise Rosen:
 * Madeline Page as Katie Dawson:
 * Trudy Hellier as Karen Jones:

Season 1
Season 1 Aired in May, June, and July 2002.

Season 2
Season 2 aired in September, October, November, and December 2002.

Magic
Based on the discussions in the series, people whose souls have been around for many lifetimes have magical ability. There appears to be a direct relationship between the age of the soul and a character's magic. Gwen, who has had many lifetimes, has powerful magic. Her Mom has some magic but not as much as Gwen. This is specifically discussed in the second episode.

It is specifically mentioned in the fifth episode (Weird Sisters) that objects do not have any magical ability. They just assist the bearer. This does not mean that objects cannot have spells cast on them. For example, the stone from Warwe and Mineer has magic on it.

The glade where Gwen talks to Merlin is near two Ley lines. This allows Gwen to focus her magic better.

Magical artifacts
There are several magical items. The most important is a large fluorescent blue gemstone called Merlin's Stone. It is so powerful that it could allow the bearer to become immortal and break away from the endless cycle of death and rebirth. That is the reason Morgana seeks it.

Formed from a tiny piece of the stone is Gwen's pendant. Assists her in using magic. She has used for some of these purposes: erasing memories, influencing the actions of other people, and moving objects through telekinesis, as well as other purposes. The pendant lights up when near Merlin's stone.

In the first episode, Gwen receives a book from an unknown person. In the third episode the book gets destroyed because evil magic is in it.

Eventually, in Rebellion, it is revealed that Merlin's Stone is actually relatively unimportant; Gwen's Pendant is actually more powerful.

Settings
The majority of the action takes place in several places. The fictional Griffin High School is where most of the scenes involving school take place. It is casually mentioned in the thirteenth episode that the setting is near Melbourne, Australia.

Near the school is a small forest glade where Gwen can talk to Merlin. Merlin mentions that the glade is near where two ley lines intersect. That is also where Gwen learns much of her magic.

The Arc is the cafe and arcade where Tasha works. It is frequented by other students. The store Gwen's foster parents run is called The New Sage. It sells herbs. Gwen and her foster family live on the second floor of that same building. The hospital is called St. James's Hospital.

Production
The series was a co-production between Canada and Australia. The Canadian production companies were Original Pictures Inc and Ibis Entertainment. They are based in Winnipeg. The Australian production company was Crawford Productions. The show was filmed at St. Hellier's Convent, a 120-year-old building and heritage site in Melbourne, Australia.

Airings
Guinevere Jones is or was aired on: YTV and several other networks for its initial run. On March 1, 2005, YTV announced that it would be airing reruns of the show during the last half of March through May. In 2005, it appeared on Disney Channel Italy, Nickelodeon's UK and Middle East channels, and France 2. In Australia it was aired on Network Ten. The show also aired in the UK on Film 24 (Sky 157) on 7 November 2009.

Books

 * The four novels are a direct novelization of the television series.
 * The first book is called A River Through Time and covers the events from the first fourth of the series. It was written by Sophie Masson.
 * Book 2 covers the events of the remainder of the first season. It was written by Felicity Pulman. Its title is Love and Other Magic.
 * The third book, titled The Dark Side of Magic covers the first part of the second season. It was also written by Pulman.
 * Book 4, also by Masson, is called No Place Like Home. It covers the events from the last part of the second season.
 * All four books are published by Random House Australia.

Selected quotes

 * "I told you, my name is Gwen." - Said by Gwen in every opening credit sequence.
 * "We all have many lifetimes. We first met when you were King Arthur's queen. Your destiny is magic, Guinevere. Your task is to fight evil." - Said by Merlin in the opening credits.

title: Guinevere Jones


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Chris Sievey

Christopher Mark Sievey (25 August 1955 – 21 June 2010) was an English musician, comedian and artist known for fronting the band the Freshies in the late 1970s and early 1980s and for his comic persona Frank Sidebottom from 1984 onwards.

Sievey, under the guise of Sidebottom, made regular appearances on North West television throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s, even becoming a reporter for Granada Reports. Later, he presented Frank Sidebottom's Proper Telly Show in B/W for the Manchester-based television station Channel M. Throughout his career, Sidebottom made appearances on radio stations such as Manchester's Piccadilly Radio and on BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 5, alongside Mark and Lard.

Early life and career (1955–1976)
Sievey grew up in Ashton-on-Mersey, Sale, Cheshire (2.5 miles from Timperley).

In 1969, when he was 14, Sievey began writing and recording his own music, and by the age of 15 was playing in local bands. In 1971, he hitch-hiked to London with his brother, staging a sit-in at the Apple Records HQ, demanding to see one of The Beatles. When they were asked to leave they insisted on recording something, and were booked into the studio after playing a song to head of A&R Tony King. Sievey subsequently recorded several demos, which he sent to record companies, receiving many rejection letters which he later compiled into a book. Unable to get a deal, he set up his own Razz label in 1974.

Sievey released two cassettes under his own name in 1975 and 1976 – Girl in My Blue Jeans and All Sleeps Secrets.

The Freshies (1977–1982)
In 1977 Sievey formed the Freshies, with various other musicians involved including Martin Jackson, Billy Duffy and former Nosebleeds bassist Rick Sarko. A string of singles and several cassettes were released between 1978 and 1983. Most of these were credited to the Freshies, but were occasionally listed as Chris Sievey & the Freshies. In 1981, Sievey played on "Some Boys" by Going Red?, the band formed by former Jilted John star Graham Fellows. The Freshies biggest UK hit was "I'm in Love with the Girl on the Manchester Virgin Megastore Checkout Desk", released initially on his own Razz label (RAZZ 10), it was reissued by the US giant MCA Records with a slightly different title ("I'm in Love with the Girl on a Certain Manchester Megastore Checkout Desk") as there were objections about using the Virgin brand name. The record peaked at No 54. They had regional success in the Manchester area with "My Tape's Gone", "No Money" / "Oh Girl" and "Yellow Spot".

Radio 1, and in particular Mike Read, gave the Freshies a lot of airplay, especially the MCA release. After the "success" of "I'm in Love with the Girl on the Manchester Virgin Megastore Checkout Desk", the group released further singles, "Wrap Up the Rockets" and "I Can't Get 'Bouncing Babies' by The Teardrop Explodes", and although commercially successful in the Manchester area, they failed to make the national charts. They released two further cassettes, Manchester Plays the Freshies and London Plays the Freshies; these were both essentially radio interviews with local and national DJs and concert recordings from each city. Sievey had written his first LP by this stage, The Johnny Radar Story, which, owing to contractual complications, was never released on vinyl. There are master copies on cassette in circulation though (albeit very few). In February 1982, Sievey abandoned the quartet lineup of the Freshies, and reformed it as a duo with Barbara O'Donovan. The duo version of the Freshies released one single, "Fasten Your Seat Belts". In 1982, he released the mini-album Denigration Now, his first work outside the Freshies since 1976's All Sleeps Secrets.

The following year he had a solo release, "Camouflage", with the A-side a song, and the B-side being computer programming.

Frank Sidebottom (1984–1994)
The Frank Sidebottom character first appeared on an untitled 1984 EP by Chris Sievey & the Freshies, in a spoken-word track wherein Frank talks to Sievey.

The character was instantly recognisable by his large spheroidal head, styled like an early Max Fleischer cartoon. This was initially made from papier-mâché, but later of fibreglass. In the documentary Being Frank, Martin Sievey (Chris's brother) states this was made using plaster of Paris.

Frank, usually dressed in a 1950s-style sharp suit, was portrayed as an aspiring pop star from the small village of Timperley, near Altrincham. His character was cheerfully optimistic, enthusiastic, and seemingly oblivious to his own failings. Although supposedly 35 years old (the age always attributed to Frank irrespective of the passage of time), he still lived at home with his mother, to whom he made frequent references. His mother was apparently unaware of her son's popularity. Frank sometimes had a sidekick in the form of "Little Frank", a hand puppet who was otherwise a perfect copy of Frank.

Comedy character Mrs Merton started out as Frank's sidekick on his radio show Radio Timperley, and the similarity of the characters is evident, exuding a sense of great ambition which belies a domestic lifestyle in the North of England. Sidebottom's former Oh Blimey Big Band members include Mark Radcliffe and Jon Ronson, and his driver was Chris Evans.

Immediately after creating the character, Sievey would record an in-character cover 'Material Boy ', and send it to several major labels with the note  I'm thinking of getting into showbiz. Do you have any pamphlets?''" EMI were interested and offered him an interview. Chris appeared in character as Frank, and was signed to their sub-label Regal Zonophone.

Zonophone released his third EP ' Frank's Sidebottom's Firm Favorites ' in August of 1985. He'd previously self released two EPs as Frank in 1985, titled ' Frank's Summer Special ' as well as an early version of 'Firm Favorites'. The EP reached 97 in the UK Charts on 31 August 1985 before dropping completely. In order to promote the EP, he made an appearance on the TV programme 'TX ' the first of many appearances on the ITV network.

His second Zonophone EP, ' Oh Blimey, It's Christmas' charted slightly higher than the first, at number 87, before dropping off again. It was likely the failure of his third Zonophone EP, Sci-Fi, that caused him to be dropped by the label. Afterwards he was signed to Marc Riley's In Tape label, on which he would release two albums and four EPs.

Despite the minimal chart success from these EPs, Frank had developed a cult following that allowed him to attract audiences upwards of 500 in Northern England and London. This act of extensively touring the country would develop Frank's status. Performances were often varied from straightforward stand-up comedy and featured novelty components such as tombola, and crowd interaction. Sometimes the show also included lectures. Contrasting with the alternative comedians of the time, Frank Sidebottom's comedy was family-friendly, if a little bizarre for some. This family friendly nature led to Frank getting his own comic strip in the children's weekly comic Oink!, which launched 1986.

His backing band, dubbed 'The Oh Blimey Band ' consisted of Mike Doherty on drums, Rick Sarko on guitar (both formerly of the Freshies), Patrick Gallagher on bass, and later, Jon Ronson on keyboards.

At the same time as touring, Frank would become a semi-regular cast member on the two final seasons of the ITV children's programme No. 73, eventually being grandfathered into its spin off, 7T3.

In 1987, Frank released his first album, a spoken word cassette called ' Fantastic Tales ', released through his own 11:37 label. His first musical album, entitled '5:9:88 ', was released on vinyl by In Tape a year later. This album introduced the character Mrs Merton, portrayed by Caroline Aherne. Aherne continued to use the character as a comic persona, leading to her own TV show, launching the comedians TV career. Chris and the band, whilst disgruntled by the success of a character created for Frank now detached from Frank, did not resent it, with drummer Mike Doherty saying that while she had taken the characters name, she had crafted her own thing out of it.

Frank was perhaps most popular in the North West of England, where his success was caught up in that of the Madchester scene, and for a time was a regular on regional ITV station Granada, even featuring as a reporter on its regional news programme, Granada Reports.

Along with his frequent television appearances, the Frank Sidebottom character also made appearances on radio, on stations such as Manchester's Piccadilly Radio and on BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 5, alongside Mark and Lard.

Jon Ronson first played with Frank's Oh Blimey Band in 1987, when their original keyboardist (Mark Radcliffe) was unable to make it to a gig at The Cricketers pub at Kennington Oval, London SE11. Ronson was social secretary at the Polytechnic of Central London and knew Mike Doherty as an agent. During the band introductions at the end of the show, Ronson noted a negative reaction to his presence, but found that his microphone had been almost completely muted, leaving him completely unheard by the audience. Despite this, one year later, he was offered a full time place in the band, which he accepted.

This same year Frank was included on the charity album Sgt. Pepper Knew My Father, which featured other acts like Michelle Shocked, the Christians, Sonic Youth, Billy Bragg, Hue and Cry, the Fall and Wet Wet Wet. He later recorded "Flying" for another Beatles tribute album, Revolution No. 9.

In 1989, Sievey re-arranged the Oh Blimey Band, introducing Richard Jones from the recently broken up local band the Desert Wolves on bass guitar, along with a new guitarist and saxophonist. Chris wanted to give the band a more professional sound, and booked a 30 date tour, the longest the band had ever undertook. This new lineup was a source of tension between the members, with Richard Jones and Jon Ronson taking a near instant disliking for each other.

The tour and its new sound were panned by audience members and critics alike, leading to Sievey abandoning the new line-up in 1990, instead choosing to perform solo from then on.

After this, Frank began to make semi-regular guest appearances on the final season of ITV programme and No. 73 successor Motormouth, as well as numerous appearances on Channel 4, including the British version of the game show Remote Control which was presented by Tony Wilson, where each week he would pose "Frank's Fantastic Question" to the contestants. The popularity of these appearances led to him getting his own show on the network, Frank Sidebottom's Fantastic Shed Show, which lasted one series in 1992. Afterwards he migrated to What's Up Doc?, where Sievey would not only portray Sidebottom, but also create the recurring segment Life with the Amoebas. After the first two series, Sievey left the show.

Retirement of Frank, stop-motion work and failed solo ventures (1995–2004)
As the 1990s reached their midpoint, the Frank character began to make fewer public appearances before seemingly being retired. During this time, Sievey began working on a solo album entitled Life in 74 Minutes, which he later abandoned. In 2000 he began working in stop motion animation and became a regular crew member on series 4–6 of Bob the Builder, as well as a writer on the fourth series of Pingu.

In 2003, Chris began working on a new album, entitled Scilly Automatic. One track from this, "Lazy Rising More Slowly, Where R.U, Oh 'Chele, was released on the 2019 outtakes and rarities compilation Being Frank.

Frank's comeback (2005–2010)
Frank had faded into obscurity in the late 1990s, rarely appearing either on TV or making live appearances, but a one-off performance at Manchester's Club Indigo Vs Manic Street Mania in December 2005 seemed to be the catalyst for a comeback.

In 2006, Frank reappeared in Greater Manchester on local television channel Channel M. His new show, Frank Sidebottom's Proper Telly Show in B/W, featured celebrity guests and animation. The first showing of each show was in black and white ("so you don't have to turn the colour down"), whilst subsequent repeats were shown in full colour. He also made five appearances on Iain Lee's programme on London's LBC as well as on numerous community radio stations such as Forever Manchester. Frank appeared as a test card shown late at night on Channel M, where he and Little Frank ramble on and sing songs whilst framed in a parody of the classic Test Card F. On 6 March 2007, in an episode of the Podge and Rodge Show on Ireland's RTÉ Two, he appeared in their 'Sham-Rock' talent section, performing a medley of songs by The Smiths. He received an overall score of 22 points from judges James Nesbitt and Glenda Gilson, putting him in first place for all the series' acts so far.

Frank starred in his own exhibition of drawings, animation and cardboard at London's Chelsea Space Gallery next to Tate Britain between 4 July and 4 August 2007. He also appeared at "Late" at Tate Britain on 3 August 2007.

He appeared in the Series 3 Christmas special of BBC Scotland's VideoGaiden, performing "Christmas is Really Fantastic", and later appeared on the Series 3 Awards show, and the final web-exclusive episode ("Closedown"). Frank appeared briefly as a Manchester United fan in an advert for the FIFA 10 video game in 2009.

Frank performed at Bloom Festival in 2007 and Kendal Calling in 2008. In late 2009 and early 2010 he supported John Cooper Clarke on a UK tour.

Frank's last professional appearance was at the Pyramid Arts Centre, Warrington, on 4 June 2010. His last personal appearance was at the Salutation pub, Higher Chatham Street, Manchester on 11 June 2010 when he launched his World Cup single, "Three Shirts on the Line".

Following Sievey's death in June 2010, a social networking campaign was launched to gain Frank his first UK hit. "Guess Who's Been on Match of the Day" entered the charts at No. 66.

Early appearances and No. 73 (1985–1988)
Sievey's earliest television appearance was on the children's television show TX, with an in-character interview as Frank Sidebottom, shortly after the release of his first Zonophone EP. The following year, Sievey guest starred on the sixth season of British television series No 73, after which he, portraying Frank, would become a regular cast member for its final two seasons (the character generally credited as played by 'Francis Sidebottom'). Sievey would be carried over to the show's short-lived spin-off, 7T3, portraying Frank in two early episodes and (credited under his own name) two one-off characters in the latter half of the series: Big Jake, the theme park ghost, and Reg the Greengrocer. Reg is one of the few examples of Sievey playing a character on television not related to Frank Sidebottom.

Frank Sidebottom's Fantastic Shed Show / What's Up Doc? (1989–1998)
Three years following the end of 7T3, Frank became a regular cast member on the fourth, and final, season of the children's TV series Motormouth. After Motormouth's cancellation, Frank was given his own show, titled Frank Sidebottom's Fantastic Shed Show, a television programme shown in 1992 featuring Sievey as fictional character Frank Sidebottom. Guests included Caroline Aherne, Phil Cornwell, Midge Ure, Gerry Anderson, the Farm, Pop Will Eat Itself, Oceanic and Keith Chegwin. The show was produced by Dave Behrens for Yorkshire Television and was shown on ITV. The show only went on for one season. Following its conclusion, Sievey became a regular cast member on the first two seasons of What's Up Doc? On the show, as well playing Frank, Sievey would portray Mr. Fantastico, removed after the first season, and Life with the Amoebas.

Throughout the rest of the 1990s, Frank's television appearances would lessen, not attaching himself as a regular cast of anything, but making occasional appearances.

Bob the Builder and others (2000–2005)
After retiring the character of Frank Sidebottom, Sievey became prop designer and set dresser on the fourth series of stop motion animation Bob the Builder. He remained a crew member until the show's sixth series, but continued to work on specials until 2005. In 2003, he became a writer on Fimbles, and then, in 2004, on the British revival of the Swiss stop motion programme Pingu.

Frank Sidebottom's Proper Telly Show / final appearances (2006–2008)
In 2006, Sievey revived the character of Frank Sidebottom with the short-lived television series Frank Sidebottom's Proper Telly Show. Throughout 2007, Frank made several television appearances, before releasing his final project, Magical Timperley Tour, a short film featuring Frank touring 100 of his friends around the characters' home town of Timperley.

Awards and honours
Sievey was posthumously recognised with the special judges' award at the 2011 Chortle Awards. A publicly funded statue of Frank by Colin Spofforth was unveiled on 20 October 2013 at 11:37 in Timperley village, the timing a reference to one of the character's catchphrases.

Death and legacy
Sievey was diagnosed with cancer in May 2010, and died at Wythenshawe Hospital on 21 June 2010 at the age of 54 after collapsing at his home in Hale, Greater Manchester. Sievey left a daughter, Asher, and two sons: Stirling and Harry (1992–2017). After it was reported that Sievey had died virtually penniless and was facing a pauper's funeral provided by state grants, a grassroots movement on various social networking websites raised £6,500 in a matter of hours. The appeal closed on Monday 28 June with a final balance of £21,631.55 from 1,632 donations. Sievey's funeral was held on 2 July 2010 at Altrincham Crematorium. The private service was attended by more than 200 members of his family, friends and former colleagues.

On 8 July 2010, over 5,000 fans of Frank Sidebottom gathered for a party at the Castlefield Arena in Manchester to celebrate Sievey's life. The acts included Badly Drawn Boy and surviving members of Frank's Oh Blimey Big Band who played in tribute.

From 1 March to 30 April 2019, Manchester Central Library held an exhibition Bobbins: Frank Sidebottom and Chris Sievey, which featured never-before-seen items from Sievey’s archives, from puppets to home videos to personal artefacts. The exhibition covered both Frank Sidebottom as well as Sievey's other creative endeavours.

It was announced in April 2019 that GCHQ had cracked the hidden codes and messages that Sievey had left around the borders of his Frank Sidebottom books and recordings.

On the Led Zeppelin bootleg "Bonzo's Last Stand", the back of the album has text which states, "Produced by Frank Sidebottom." While an obvious reference to the character, it is also a joking reference to Led Zeppelin guitarist/founder Jimmy Page, who produced all of their albums. He stands off to the side and at the bottom of the back cover photo.

Film
The 2014 film Frank was largely inspired by the Frank Sidebottom character, telling the story of a young wannabe musician who joins a group led by the enigmatic Frank (Michael Fassbender). The film was written by Jon Ronson and Peter Straughan, and was based on Ronson's experiences playing in Sievey's Oh Blimey Big Band. Although drawing from Ronson's memoir, the story is set in contemporary Ireland and America, and the Frank character combines elements of Sievey with Daniel Johnston and Captain Beefheart.

In 2014, a feature-length documentary about the life and art of Chris Sievey, entitled Being Frank: The Chris Sievey Story was announced and was released in March 2019. It is directed by Steve Sullivan, and was funded through a successful Kickstarter campaign. The film documents Sievey's entire life, including his band The Freshies and his creation of the Frank Sidebottom character, and features interviews with many of Chris Sievey's family and colleagues with exclusive access to Sievey' own personal archive of home movies, diaries, notebooks, props and costumes.

Books
Jon Ronson, who worked with Sievey, published Frank: The True Story that Inspired the Movie in 2014, a memoir of his time in the Frank Sidebottom Oh Blimey Big Band.

A biography of Chris Sievey, Frank Sidebottom: Out of his Head, was written by Manchester author and personal friend Mick Middles, and was published in November 2014.

Studio albums

 * Big Record (1986)
 * 5:9:88 (1988) As Frank Sidebottom
 * 13:9:88 (1988) As Frank Sidebottom
 * Medium Play (1990) As Frank Sidebottom

EPs

 * The Freshies (1978)
 * Straight in at No. 2 (1979) With the Freshies
 * The Men from Banana Island Whose Stupid Ideas Never Caught on in the Western World as We Know It (1979) With the Freshies
 * Red Indian Music (1980)
 * Wrap Up the Rockets (1981) With the Freshies
 * Untitled (1984) With the Freshies
 * Frank Sidebottom Sings Frank's Firm Favorites (1985) As Frank Sidebottom
 * Oh Blimey It's Christmas (1985) As Frank Sidebottom
 * Sci Fi (1986) As Frank Sidebottom
 * Christmas is Really Fantastic (1986) As Frank Sidebottom
 * Frank Sidebottom Salutes the Magic of Freddie Mercury and Queen and Also Kylie Minogue (You Know,.... Her Off "Neighbours") (1987) As Frank Sidebottom
 * Timperley (1987) As Frank Sidebottom
 * Frank's Free Fantasic Footy Flexi (1990) As Frank Sidebottom

Singles

 * "Baiser / Last" (1979)
 * "My Tape's Gone / Moonmid Summer" (1980) With the Freshies
 * "We're Like You / Hey" (1980) With the Freshies
 * "Yellow Spot / If Its News" (1980) With the Freshies
 * "Oh Girl / No Money" (1980) With the Freshies
 * "I'm in Love with the Girl on the Manchester Virgin Megastore Check-Out Desk" (1980) With the Freshies
 * "I'm in Love with the Girl on a Certain Manchester Megastore Checkout Desk" (1981) With the Freshies
 * "Wrap Up the Rockets / (It's) Gonna Get Better" (1981) With the Freshies
 * "I Can't Get "Bouncing Babies" by the Teardrop Explodes / Tell Her I'm Ill" (1981) With the Freshies
 * "Dancin' Doctors / One to One" (1981) With the Freshies
 * "If You Really Love Me, Buy Me a Shirt / I Am the Walrus" (1982) With the Freshies
 * "Fasten Your Seat Belts / Best We Can Do" (1982) With the Freshies
 * "Camouflage" (1983)
 * "The Oink! 45" (1986) As Frank Sidebottom
 * "Frank's Indie Medley" (1987) As Frank Sidebottom
 * "Panic" (1993) As the Sidebottoms

Compilation albums

 * In Love With... (1982) With the Freshies
 * Frank Sidebottom's ABC & D... The Best Of... (1999) As Frank Sidebottom
 * The Very Very Best Of... Some Long and Short Titles (2005) With the Freshies
 * E, F, G & H. The Best Of... Volume Two (2009) As Frank Sidebottom
 * Fantastic Show Biz Box Set (2010) As Frank Sidebottom
 * Early Singles (2013) With the Freshies
 * ''Being Frank: The Chris Sievey Story (2019)
 * Cease & Desist (2019) As Frank Sidebottom
 * Telephone Line: Monologues And Messages (2019) As Frank Sidebottom

Self-released material
Released either on cassette or CD-r

Albums
 * The Bees Knees (1975) With the Bees Knees
 * All Sleeps Secrets (1977)
 * The Freshies Sing the Girls from Banana Island Whose Stupid Ideas Never Caught on in the Western World As We Know It (1979) With the Freshies
 * Rough n Ready (1980) With the Freshies
 * Manchester Plays (1980) With the Freshies
 * The Freshies play London (1981) With the Freshies
 * Denigration Now (1982) (Mini-album)
 * The Johnny Radar Story (1985) With the Freshies
 * Fantastic Tales (1987) As Frank Sidebottom
 * Radio Timperley C-60 (1990) As Frank Sidebottom

EPs
 * Five Songs (1985)
 * Frank's Firm Favorites (1985) As Frank Sidebottom
 * Frank's Summer Special (1985) As Frank Sidebottom
 * We're Gonna to Write Some Invitations (1988) As Frank Sidebottom

Compilation albums

 * Early Razz (1985) With the Freshies
 * Studio Out-Takes (1985) With the Freshies
 * Fairly Fantastic Xmas Box of Goodies (1990) As Frank Sidebottom
 * Soundreel A (1992) As Frank Sidebottom
 * Bits & Bobbins (2005) As Frank Sidebottom
 * Firm Favorites (2006) As Frank Sidebottom

Videos

 * Denigration Now (1982)
 * Frank Sidebottom's Fantastic Shed Show (1992)
 * Frank's World (2007)

Video games

 * Flying Train EMI (1983)
 * The Biz Virgin Games (1984)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Chris Sievey


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Luftstreitkräfte

The Deutsche Luftstreitkräfte (, German Air Combat Forces) – known before October 1916 as Die Fliegertruppen des deutschen uKaiserreiches (The Imperial German Air Service, lit. "The flying troops of the German Kaiser’s Reich") – was the air arm of the Imperial German Army. In English-language sources it is usually referred to as the Imperial German Air Service, although that is not a literal translation of either name. German naval aviators of the Marine-Fliegerabteilung were an integral part of the Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine). Both military branches operated aeroplanes, observation balloons and airships.

Founding
The Imperial German Army created an experimental balloon company inspired by the American balloon corps they had seen while observing the American Civil War, with varying forms of organisation from 1884 to 1901 until a Balloon Battalion was finally formed. The rapid development of aeronautics led to trials of airships and the choice of rigid types built by Zeppelin and Schutte-Lanz. The first military aircraft to be acquired by the German Army entered service in 1910 and the first five aviation battalions were established on 1 October 1913. The Imperial German Air Service (Die Fliegertruppen des deutschen Kaiserreiches) and other branches concerned with air matters such as anti-aircraft, home defence and air intelligence were unified in the Luftstreitkräfte on 8 October 1916.

The duties of such aircraft were initially intended to be reconnaissance and artillery spotting in support of the armies, just as balloons had been used during the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) and as far back as the Battle of Fleurus (1794) during the French Revolutionary Wars. The French Aviation Militaire (army air service) was created in 1909 and became the Aéronautique Militaire in 1912. The Air Battalion of the Royal Engineers, with two companies, was established in November 1911. The Royal Flying Corps (RFC), with a military wing and a naval wing, was formed in February 1912.

Organization
The initial units of the Luftstreitkräfte, dedicated to observation, were known as Feldflieger Abteilungen (Field Flier Detachments) and had an official establishment of six unarmed, two-seat "A" (monoplane), and/or "B"-class (biplane) aircraft apiece. Each "FFA" unit was assigned to an army unit in their local area and usually numbered with the same number as the army they were assigned to serve. The Luftstreitkräfte organization changed substantially as the war progressed, to accommodate new types of aircraft, doctrine, tactics and the needs of the ground troops, in particular the artillery. During this time the system of organisation and unit designations evolved that would form the basis of those used in the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany, when it was revealed in 1935. During 1916, the German High Command (Oberste Heeresleitung, OHL) reorganised Die Fliegertruppen by creating specialist fighter, bomber and reconnaissance units such as single-seat fighter squadrons (Jagdstaffeln, Jastas, hunting squadrons) to counter the Royal Flying Corps and the French Aviation Militaire.

Fighter unit organization
The initial deployment of fighter aircraft in the summer of 1915 occurred within the Feldflieger Abteilung, which were being equipped with one or two of the new Fokker Eindecker fighter aircraft for each unit, starting with the five Fokker M.5K/MG production prototypes of the Eindecker, bearing serial numbers E.1/15 through E.5/15. The buildup of the Eindecker fighter force rapidly progressed with regular lMG 08 "Spandau"-armed production examples of the Fokker E.I following the deliveries of the M.5K/MG airframes late in the summer of 1915, with early E.Is going to aces like Max Immelmann, who received IdFlieg serial number E.13/15 in August 1915.

The first step towards specialist fighter-only aviation units within the German military was the establishment of Kampfeinsitzer Kommando (single-seat battle unit, abbreviated as KEK) formations by Inspektor-Major Friedrich Stempel in February 1916. These were based around Eindeckers and other new fighter designs emerging, like the Pfalz E-series monoplanes, that were being detached from their former FFA units during the winter of 1915–1916 and brought together in pairs and quartets at particularly strategic locations, as KEK units were formed at Vaux, Avillers, Jametz, Cunel and other strategic locations along the Western Front, to act as Luftwachtdienst (aerial guard force) units, consisting only of fighters.

Following the era of the KEK units through the summer of 1916, Jagdstaffeln (hunting squadrons), established by the reorganization that started in the late summer of 1916 were fielded by four kingdoms of the German Empire. Individually – each of these units was often known by the abbreviation "Jasta". The Kingdom of Prussia was predominant, with a fighter force eventually comprising 67 squadrons. The Kingdom of Bavaria formed ten of these units, the Kingdom of Saxony formed seven and the Kingdom of Württemberg four.

On 24 June 1917, the Luftstreitkräfte brought a quartet of Jasta squadrons together to form its first fighter wing, Royal Prussian Jagdgeschwader I, incorporating Jastas 4, 6, 10 and 11, and set the pattern for using Roman numerals in the Luftstreitkräfte in the titles of such larger units. Manfred von Richthofen was moved up from command of Jasta 11 to command JG I. Much as Jasta 2 had been renamed as Jasta Boelcke in December 1916 after Oswald Boelcke, Germany's top fighter tactician had been lost in a mid-air collision in October 1916, following the "Red Baron's" death in action in late April 1918, JG I was renamed to honor von Richthofen by order of the Kaiser.

The Prussians established three more Jagdgeschwader. On 2 February 1918, JG II formed from Jastas 12, 13, 15 and 19, with Adolf Ritter von Tutschek in command. On the same day, JG III consolidated Jasta 2 Boelcke and Jastas 26, 27 and 36 under Bruno Loerzer. Finally, on 2 September 1918, the Royal Prussian Marine Jagdgeschwader was formed from the Kaiserliche Marine's Marine Feld Jastas I through V and placed in charge of Gotthard Sachsenberg. Bavaria established the Royal Bavarian Jagdgeschwader IV on 3 October 1918, from Jastas 23, 32, 34 and 35 under Eduard Ritter von Schleich.

Unit designations

 * (AFA) Artillerieflieger-Abteilung: Artillery Flier Detachment
 * (AFS) Artillerieflieger-Schule; Artillery Flier School
 * AFP – Armee-Flug-Park: Army Flight Park
 * BZ – Ballonzug: Balloon Platoon
 * BG – Bombengeschwader: Bomber Wing
 * Bogohl – Bombengeschwader der Oberste Heeresleitung: the Bomber Wings under direct control by the German Army's High Command in World War I.
 * Bosta – Bomberstaffel: Bomber Squadron
 * etc – Etappe: Post
 * FFA – Feldflieger Abteilung: Field Flier Detachment, the initial flight formations of the German Army in 1914–15
 * FLA – Feldluftschiffer-Abteilung: Field Airship Detachment
 * FestFA – Festungsflieger-Abteilung: Fortress Flier Detachment
 * FA – Flieger-Abteilung: Flier Detachment
 * FA(A) – Flieger-Abteilung (Artillerie): Flier Detachment (Artillery)
 * FlgBtl – Flieger-Bataillon: Flier Battalion
 * FBS – Fliegerbeobachter-Schule: Aerial Observer School
 * FEA – Fliegerersatz-Abteilung: Replacement Detachment
 * FS – Fliegerschule: Flight School
 * JG – Jagdgeschwader: Hunting Wing, i.e., Fighter Wing
 * Jasta – Jagdstaffel: Hunting Squadron, i.e., Fighter Squadron
 * JastaSch – Jagdstaffel-Schule: Fighter Squadron School (also referred to as Jastaschule)
 * KEK – Kampfeinsitzerkommando: Combat Single-Seater Command, a predecessor to Jasta units
 * Kest – Kampfeinsitzerstaffel: Combat Single-Seater Squadron, a predecessor to Jasta units
 * KG – Kampfgeschwader: Tactical Bomber Wing
 * Kagohl – Kampfgeschwader der Oberste Heeresleitung: the Tactical Bomber Wings under direct control by the German Army's High Command in World War I.
 * Kasta – Kampfstaffel: Tactical Bomber Squadron
 * Luft – Luftschiff-Truppe: Airship Force
 * LsBtl – Luftschiffer-Bataillon: Airship Battalion
 * RBZ – Reihenbildzug: Aerial Photography Platoon
 * Rfa – Riesenflugzeug-Abteilung: Giant Aircraft Detachment
 * Schlasta – Schlachtstaffel: Battle Squadron
 * Schusta – Schutzstaffel: Protection Squadron

Aircraft

During the war, the Imperial Army Air Service used many types of aircraft, ranging from fighters (such as those manufactured by Albatros-Flugzeugwerke, Fokker, Pfalz Flugzeugwerke and Siemens-Schuckert), reconnaissance aircraft (Aviatik, Deutsche Flugzeug-Werke (DFW) and Rumpler), two-seat fighters from Halberstädter Flugzeugwerke and Hannoversche Waggonfabrik and heavy bombers, largely the twin-engined designs from the Gothaer Waggonfabrik (Gotha) and the enormous, multi-engined heavy bombers produced by Zeppelin-Staaken and rigid airships from Luftschiffbau Zeppelin (the Zeppelin Company) and Schütte-Lanz as well as various types of airship from other firms.

Aircraft designation system
During the First World War, German aircraft officially adopted for military service were allocated a designation that included (1) the name of the manufacturer, (2) a function or "class" letter, and (3) a Roman numeral. The three-part designation was needed for a unique designation to simplify logistics support of the many types of aircraft in operation – especially as Luftstreitkräfte squadrons more often than not were equipped with several different types.

The designation system evolved during the war. Initially, all military aircraft were classed as "A" (monoplanes) or "B" (biplanes). The new "C" class of armed (two seat) biplane began to replace the "B" class aircraft as reconnaissance machines in 1915, the Bs continuing to be built, but as trainers. The "E" class of armed monoplane was also introduced in 1915 – the other classes were added later as new aircraft types were introduced. For most of the war 'D' was only used for biplane fighters, 'E' for monoplane fighters and 'Dr' for triplane fighters, however by the end of the war the 'D' designation was used for all single-seat fighters, including monoplanes (and, in theory at least, triplanes).

 * A – Unarmed reconnaissance monoplane aircraft (for example the Rumpler Taube and Fokker M.5)
 * B – Unarmed two-seat biplane, with the observer seated in front of the pilot.
 * C – Armed two-seat biplane, with the observer (usually) seated to the rear of the pilot.
 * CL – Light two-seater (primarily from Halberstadt and Hannover), initially intended as escort fighters – by 1917–18, mainly used for ground attack.
 * D – Doppeldecker – single-seat, armed biplane but later any fighter – for instance the Fokker E.V monoplane was renamed the D.VIII.
 * Dr – Dreidecker – triplane fighter (twin service test Fokker triplanes initially "F")
 * E – Eindecker – armed monoplane – initially included monoplane two-seaters. New monoplane types at the end of the war designated as "D" (single seat) or "CL" (two seat).
 * G – Grossflugzeug – Large twin-engined types, mainly bombers (initially "K")
 * GL –    Lighter, faster twin-engined bombers, intended for use by day.
 * J – Schlachten – Fuel tanks, pilot, and (usually) the engine protected by armour plate, reducing vulnerability to ground fire. Used for low-level work, especially ground attack.
 * N –     "C" type aircraft adapted for night bombing – apart from night flying equipment they were fitted with wings of greater span to increase bomb load.
 * R – Riesenflugzeug – "Giant" aircraft – at least three, up to four to six engines – all serviceable in flight.

Most manufacturers also had their own numbering systems quite separate from the official military designations for their products. These sometimes cause confusion – for instance the military "J" series of armored aircraft designs was quite distinct from the Junkers aviation firm's own "J" factory type designations – the factory designation of the (military) Junkers J.I armored, all-metal sesquiplane, for example, was the Junkers J.4. The "M" (for "Militär" or military) and "V" (for "Versuchs" or experimental, according to some source initially meant a Verspannungslos or "unbraced" airframe) designations of the Fokker firm were also internal. The latter has no direct connection with the official Third Reich-era German "V" designation, also signifying "versuchs", for prototype aircraft, promulgated by the RLM from 1935.

The Kaiserliche Marine's Marine-Fliegerabteilung maritime aviation service used manufacturers' designations rather than the systematic Luftstreitkräfte system described above. For example, the landplane Gotha bombers were numbered in an "LD" (for "land biplane") series by their manufacturer, but in the "G" series in the Luftstreitkräfte – while the Gotha seaplanes used by the navy were (and continue to be) known by their manufacturer's "WD" (for Wasserflugzeug-Doppeldecker, or "seaplane biplane") designation. Similarly, the sizable number of German seaplane designs from Flugzeugbau Friedrichshafen, were all known in naval service by their "FF" factory designations.

Army and navy airships were individually numbered, in the same way as contemporary German destroyers and submarines, and were outside any system of "type" designation.

Pilots
Fighter pilots received the most attention in the annals of military aviation, since it produced high-scoring "aces" such as Manfred von Richthofen, known in German as der Rote Kampfflieger (the Red Air Fighter) and in English as The Red Baron. With 80 confirmed kills he is considered the most successful fighter pilot of the war. The first "confirmed" German aerial fighter victory of the war credited to a synchronized-gun-equipped aircraft went to Leutnant Kurt Wintgens on 15 July 1915, after downing two similar Morane-Saulnier L parasol monoplanes to the victim on 15 July, one each on 1 and 4 July that remained unconfirmed – this fortnight of unprecedented German aerial victories initiated the period of the Fokker Scourge. Other notable German pilots from the Fokker Scourge onwards included Ernst Udet, Erich Löwenhardt, Werner Voss, Josef Jacobs, Lothar von Richthofen, Wilhelm Frankl, Hermann Göring, Max Immelmann and the master aerial tactician Oswald Boelcke (the latter pair were the first to be awarded the Pour le Mérite, the highest decoration for gallantry for officers in the German Empire: simultaneously, on 12 January 1916, after shooting down eight Allied aeroplanes each). The award to Immelmann may have caused the decoration to acquire its popular nickname, the "Blue Max". With more and more pilots reaching this mark the required air victories were steadily increased to about 30 in 1918. In total 76 airmen were awarded the Pour le Mérite. 69 airmen received the "Goldenes Militär-Verdienst-Kreuz" (Military Merit Cross), the highest Prussian bravery award for non-commissioned officers and enlisted men. Among them were Gottfried Ehmann, the highest scoring air gunner of the war (12 victories). About 391 German pilots are credited with shooting down at least five Allied aircraft.

Insignia
German and Austro-Hungarian military aircraft at first used the cross pattée insignia, most often known in German as the Eisernes Kreuz, for the Prussian military medal. The Balkenkreuz, a black Greek cross on white, replaced the earlier marking from late March 1918 (especially in early April — Richthofen's last Dr.I, 425/17, was changed over just before he was killed), although the last order on the subject, standardising the new national marking, was dated 25 June 1918.

Final year
Between January and September 1918 German pilots shot down 3,732 Allied planes while losing 1,099 aircraft. By the end of the war, the German Army Air Service possessed a total of 2,709 frontline aircraft, 56 airships, 186 balloon detachments and about 4,500 flying personnel. After the war ended in German defeat (→ Armistice of 11 November 1918), the service was dissolved completely on 8 May 1920 under the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles (Article 198), which demanded that its aeroplanes be completely handed over to the Allies (Art. 202).

Statistics
German casualties totalled 4,579 aircrew and 299 ground personnel killed, 1,372 missing/prisoner and 5,123 wounded, along with 1,962 men killed in flying accidents in Germany. Material losses by enemy action were 3,126 aircraft, 546 balloons and 26 airships. Although adding up all of the confirmed kills by allied aces, gives a total of a little under 5,000 German aircraft destroyed, as well a 600 observation balloons to just 3,000 allied planes and 370 observation balloons. According to other sources, the Luftstreitkräfte shot down 7,783 allied aircraft (7,425 Western Front, 358 Eastern Front) and 614 captive balloons. In addition, 1,588 allied aircraft and 2 airships were shot down by German anti-aircraft guns.

title: Luftstreitkräfte


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User:Fuxta Beeb

Truth sweet truth!

title: User:Fuxta Beeb


text: User talk:129.19.132.215

title: User talk:129.19.132.215


text: User:Noisy/Templates/chemistry

title: User:Noisy/Templates/chemistry


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User talk:Fuxta Beeb

let's talk about it!

title: User talk:Fuxta Beeb


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Sanghi Nagar

Sanghi Nagar is suburb of Hyderabad, India.

Sanghi Nagar is an industrial complex set up by the Sanghi Group of Industries. The temple complex has been built around the heavenly temple over a hill. Industries belonging to the sanghi group surround the temple as though it is being blessed by the Almighty. The temple is a treat to watch especially at night. It is very close to the famous Ramoji film city. Sanghi nagar is around 25 km away from Dilsukh Nagar, Hyderabad.

Apart from the group's manufacturing facilities, Sanghi Nagar contains a full-fledged housing complex and health care facilities for its employees. They include Captive Power plants, Communication facilities, Higher Secondary School, Excellent Accommodation facilities for all grades of staff & labour, Hospital, Food Marts, Entertainment facilities, post office, Cable and internet access etc.

Sanghi Nagar STD Code is 08415.

Similar facilities and amenities exist at the other Sanghi township at Sanghipuram, Gujarat, where the group operates a large Lignite based cement plant under Sanghi Industries Ltd.

Transport
TSRTC runs buses from Hyderabad City, they are

Suburbs covered are Lalaguda, Tarnaka, Uppal Ring Road, Kamineni Hospitals, LB Nagar, Sanghi Nagar)
 * Route No. : 290S & 205K Secunderabad - Sanghi Nagar/Ramoji Film City

Suburbs covered are Women's college, Chaderghat, Malakpet, Dilsuknagar, LB Nagar, Sanghi Nagar)
 * Route No. : 202u, 204u from Women's college - Sanghi Nagar

title: Sanghi Nagar


text: User:Noisy/Templates/farc

title: User:Noisy/Templates/farc


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Capital Brewery

Capital Brewery is a brewery in Middleton, Wisconsin. Founded on March 14, 1984, by entrepreneur Ed Janus in Madison, Wisconsin, it is situated in a former egg processing plant. The company first began production in 1986 and now produces over 20,000 barrels of beer annually. It produces 24 distinct beers, of which nine are annuals, five are seasonal, and ten are limited edition. Most are made using the strict Reinheitsgebot guidelines.

The company's brews have won awards at a number of competitions, including the Great American Beer Festival, and The Great Taste of the Midwest. The brewery was awarded the distinction of Madison's Favorite Local/Regional Beer from 1998 to 2004 in The Capital Times/Wisconsin State Journal Reader's Choice Awards. The company has received over 240 major awards in both domestic and international competitions in over 15 categories, and the flagship Wisconsin Amber beer has been available in cans since 1997.

Capital Brewery was named "America's #1 Rated Brewery" by the Beverage Testing Institute's World Beer Championships in 1998. The brewery was also rated #7 in the world at this time.

Capital was named the Grand National Champion in the 2013 US Open Beer Championship, winning six medals.

Capital Brewery’s beers are currently distributed in four Midwestern States: Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, and Minnesota.

Capital Brewery has an indoor Bierstube and a large outdoor Bier garten (a.k.a. 'Middleton's Backyard') that plays host to events throughout the year. One of the more notable events is Bockfest, held on the last Saturday of February. Bockfest ushers in the annual release of Capital Blonde Doppelbock, Capital's award-winning brew. Blonde Doppelbock was awarded platinum six times in the past ten years at the World Beer Championships.

The Capital Brewery Bike Club was formed in 2009 and currently has over 400 members. The bicycle rides are held Tuesday and Thursday evenings from April through October (weather permitting) and start from the Bier garten.

Annual

 * Supper Club
 * Special Pilsner
 * Wisconsin Amber
 * Capital Dark
 * Mutiny IPA (Capital Brewery's First India Pale Ale)
 * Island Wheat

Seasonal

 * Maibock - Available March - May
 * Lake House - Available June - July
 * Oktoberfest - Available August - October
 * Autumnal Fire September - December
 * Winter Skal - Available November - Feb.

Limited release (some are included in the 'Capital Square Series')

 * Blonde Dopplebock (Winter/Spring)
 * Fishin' in the Dark (Summer)
 * Dark Dopplebock (Fall/Winter)
 * Jobu (Brown Ale aged in rum barrels - Winter)
 * Capital Coffee Dark (Coffee/vanilla infused Munich Dark)

Beers in hibernation

 * Bavarian Lager
 * Brown Ale - Went into hibernation in Spring 2009 (except for an occasional appearance as Jobu)
 * Capital 1900 - Hibernating since 2006.
 * Hop Cream
 * Weizen
 * U.S. Pale Ale
 * Dark Voyage (dark IPA)
 * Ghost Ship (white IPA)
 * Grateful IPA (red IPA)
 * Jacked Maibock (Spring)
 * Capsized
 * Appleanche (Fall)
 * Pumpkinataur (Fall)
 * Eternal Flame (Fall/Winter)
 * Schwarz in a Box (Fall/Winter)

title: Capital Brewery


text: User:Noisy/Templates/facfailed

title: User:Noisy/Templates/facfailed


text: User talk:134.117.137.194

title: User talk:134.117.137.194


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Bob Mills

Bob Mills may refer to:

 * Bob Mills (comedian) (born 1957), British comedian and radio presenter
 * Bob Mills (politician) (born 1941), Canadian politician

title: Bob Mills


text: User talk:69.230.176.117

title: User talk:69.230.176.117


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Talk:Central College (Iowa)

Discrimination on Campus
This year, 25% of the minority students left campus due to the administration ignoring several dangerous incidents and racism. Should this be included in the article? It's a pretty significant statistic. --Morningstar2651 22:03, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)

 * This needs a reference of some kind. Google turns up empty for web search, news, and even Usenet newsgroups. -- Curps 16:42, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I've been trying to find a source online. I can ask a student to quote the email announcement sent out by Dr. Roe. I could also run around the campus tomorrow and take pictures of what's going on. --Morningstar2651 21:23, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * The difficulty finding sources online is because of what appears to be corruption within some of the faculty. I attended a meeting the evening of April 13 in which several incidents were discussed and the dean of students hadn't recieved the reports that he was supposed to. I'll contact students later this evening and get them to work on the article. --Morningstar2651 21:43, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

The folliwing is the e-mail from Dr. Roe - president of Central College. It was forwarded to me by a student. --Morningstar2651 16:15, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)

From: David Roe

Sent: Wed 4/13/2005 11:53 AM

To: Employees; Students

Subject: Continuing our journey to become a truly welcoming and ecumenical community

Background

 * Three of our minority students recently chose to absent themselves from our community because they felt unsafe here emotionally and physically.

 * One of our international students withdrew from Central at the beginning of this academic year, in part because she experienced undue pressure from some of her Christian friends regarding her religion.

 * Many of our students of color continue to feel that the Central campus is unwelcoming to them or even hostile as a result of the unresolved "N" word incident at the beginning of the 2003-04 academic year and the negative racial vibes they have experienced since that time, including this most recent incident.

 * The past two years has seen an increase in campus vandalism, belligerence toward staff confronting policy violations and students providing false information to college personnel. Moreover, we have also seen an increase in student unwillingness to hold peers accountable for such actions.

 * Student Life staff have been called upon to handle numerous incidents that entailed either or both a lack of civility and an absence of respect for human dignity.

Purpose of Memo

First, I want to outline the relevant details of the first incident and the follow-on steps that are in process. Many word-of-mouth rumors about the incident and what has happened do not appear to be based on the actual facts, so I believe we need to clear this up as much as possible.

Second, I offer a diagnosis of the health of our community from the viewpoint that a community wellness grade of "A" would mean we as a community are exemplifying the mission, goals, and values of the college and achieving the kind of welcoming environment envisioned in our official statement of welcome and the policies we have adopted.

Third, I offer a prescription for the actions we as individuals need to take along with steps the college needs to take to help us make real progress toward a community wellness grade of "A."

Definitions

For purposes of this memo only, I will use two words to mean certain specific things so that I can be both more concise and inclusive:

Majority - heterosexual, Euro-Caucasian Christians "Under-reps" - individuals whose ethnic background, whose religious faith, whose sexual orientation puts them in a cohort of like individuals who are under-represented as a percentage of the Central community when compared to the broader American society.

Overview of incident cited first above

 * In late January, three majority males confronted a Latino male student for making disparaging remarks about Central's athletic teams. All admit to having consumed alcohol on that evening and to a verbal altercation.  A scuffle ensued resulting in the Latino student hitting one of the other three students.  A campus security guard arrived on the scene and attempted to bring the situation under control.  The Latino student broke free, fled the situation and then, on his own initiative, reported to the Pella police station about the incident.

 * One of the students involved in the altercation (the one who was struck) felt action on the issue should be taken in accordance with the procedures outlined in the Student Handbook.

 * Student Life investigated the incident and convened the Campus Hearing and Appeals Board. The determinations of that Board have recently been communicated to Tim Phillips.

 * The emotions deriving from the incident itself, combined with the cumulative effect of many lesser elements over the time they have been here led the Latino student, and his Latino and African American friends who testified on his behalf, to choose to leave Central's campus. They are attempting to complete as many of their courses as possible from off campus and we anticipate they will withdraw from Central at the conclusion of this semester.

 * All three of these students are welcome to enroll for the fall semester assuming their academic performance meets the required criteria.

 * Recommendations from the Board included follow-up with other parties involved as well and we are in the process of doing just that.

Diagnosis

As a welcoming community Central's overall wellness is at best a "C-." While many in the majority experience an "A" environment, the best experience of our "under-reps" would be a "C" and the worst an "F." Students who choose to leave us because they feel threatened or perceive a hostile environment are giving our community an "F."

As a community Central is more complex than many realize. Therefore, any incident like the ones referred to in the opening of this memo cannot be assessed in isolation. Nor can narrowly focused prescriptions help solve the underlying causes of our unwellness.

Tim Phillips and I are encouraged that an overwhelming number of our students know intellectually what behaviors are expected of them. Unfortunately, when our students have been drinking or otherwise not thinking, prejudices they harbor come out. And the emergent words and/or actions can offend, distress, or even harass "under-reps." In some instances the reverse has occurred where "under-reps" words or actions harass members of the majority or other "under-reps." We are also convinced that the tough stance taken by college leaders in the aftermath of the "N" word incident caused those knowledgeable about the perpetrator(s) not to talk for fear the process, and ultimately the sanction, was a foregone conclusion.

We also acknowledge that the big event approach such as Martin Luther King celebrations, Hip Hop Summit and White Privilege Conference have not in and of themselves achieved the desired effectiveness. Many who have participated have grown from these opportunities. But many have chosen not to engage. And still others have felt an absence of an environment conducive to open discussion on these issues without judgment.

In the end we as a community will become mutually respectful and more welcoming only to the extent each of us grows in our understanding and appreciation of those in our community who are different from us. Also it requires recognition that we each are at different points in our personal journeys to understand and appreciate others in our community and in our broader society and world.

In a campus e-mail and open letter in The Ray during the fall semester of 2002, I wrote about my hopes to eliminate several forms of harassing behavior from our campus. Below I list the kinds of harassing behavior I believe are still restricting our abilities to foster the welcoming environment we seek:

 * Racial harassment
 * Religious harassment
 * Sexual orientation harassment
 * Gender harassment

Prescription for the Central College Community

 * Each of us should set a personal goal each day to reach out in respect and attempted understanding to a fellow human being whom we do not know well.

 * Each of us should make a more thoughtful and deliberate effort to say and do things that send signals to those different from us that we are glad they are part of our campus community.

 * Each of us should take more advantage of college and community sponsored events that educate us about others who are different or have different viewpoints.

 * Each of us needs to learn to push back and inform friends, colleagues and acquaintances who are part of the college community when we are offended or feel harassed by the words or actions of others. At the same time such conversations should be consistent with our adopted "Guidelines for Respectful Dialogue."

 * The college administration should continue to tap the wisdom of the Diversity Leadership Team and experts beyond the campus to refine and clarify our policies and procedures with regard to behaviors that harass or otherwise create a hostile environment.

 * Each community member must commit to examining his/her perspectives and viewpoints on those who may be different to themselves and how these manifest themselves in our daily actions.

 * Each of us should suspend judgment when first hearing comments on an emotional or particularly sensitive issue. Only through careful consideration can we begin to understand the experience and perspective of another and how that may be different than our own.

 * Each classroom, residential unit and common areas space on campus should seek to create opportunities for open dialogues that honor all information and viewpoints bearing on issues. Only through such dialogues, involving a deeper search for truth without the fear of judgment, will our community truly become great.

Not relevant
I would submit that none of this is relevant to the Wikipedia article. With so little other content, its presence makes the article unbalanced by sensationalizing the negative. An encyclopedic entry about an educational institution need not recount this type of information.

Sources and figures
Okay I guess I didn't know that Wikipedia was a news website.

I guess I'd better go to the Iowa State University article and add references to every single VEISHEA disturbance, the recent stabbings, people who've drowned in the lake, and so on. Maybe I should go to the University of Iowa article and talk about the vandalism in the science building.

But if we're going to have this stuff marring the Central College article I'd like to see some figures. One quarter of ethnic minority students--what does that mean? How many is that? How many are there total? Cite your sources.

Furthermore, if you're going to edit this stub, why skew it so heavily in favor of the negative? Maybe you can add some information about the athletics program or some history of the college? Right now we have an article that says "Central College is some thing in Pella, AND ALL THIS BAD STUFF HAPPENED OMG OMG!" It's silly and not-very-encyclopedic. Adm58 00:50, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * After looking more closely, it appears the article is simply copying the president's email. That's probably not such a good idea.  Adm58 01:38, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * First, I would remove the bulk of the text because of what's at the bottom o the edit page:

 * By submitting your work you promise you wrote it yourself, or copied it from public domain resources — this does not include most web pages.

 * Most of it is blatant plagarism and the proof is right above. Secondly, WP is not a news source.  Thirdly, it's way too much information for wikipedia on one niche event. Cburnett 01:47, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * After trying to retain some mention of the "recent developments", I was forced to go ahead and remove it entirely. While 64.12.116.195 called it "pretty relevant news", as such it has no place on Wikipedia.  See What_Wikipedia_is_not to learn what is appropriate for WP.  If there is any argument against my action it needs to be discussed here or the page may be protected.  Adm58 03:58, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Then you may as well go to the Harvard article and remove its recent developments section as well. Or does Harvard get preferred treatment? Things ARE negative at Central college and the facts should NOT be hidden to "make it look more positive". One thing that I know wikipedia isn't is a place to ADVERTIZE. If you have a problem with recent developments not looking good for Central College, then take your problem up with Central College. --Morningstar2651 16:13, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * I know this is a big deal in a town like Pella, Iowa, but it really isn't. I attend ISU and if I wrote on Wikipedia every time somebody wrote "fucking liberal hippie" on my door, or everytime I've seen/heard racial slurs (including a high profile incident directed at Arabs), then all WP would be is a catalog of college disturbances.  I don't know why anybody is surprised by this, it's Central College in Pella, Iowa.  (By the way, one quarter of minority students is about 15 people at best, I checked).

 * In no way is the Central College article an advertisement. It's a NPOV brief description of what it is and how it came to be.  And you shouldn't quote me saying "make it look more positive" because I didn't say that.  I said right now you have nothing but negative information.  Which really has nothing to do with the college, just some idiot students which you'll find at every college.  I could care less how good the college looks, the president's own letter explains the type of community we all know it to be (white and ignorant).  All I'm concerned with is the integrity of the Wikipedia.

 * But anyways, I suggest you read my posts more closely because you have clearly gotten the wrong idea. There are rules on WP and I am trying to adhere to them.  I also asked a neutral third party (Cburnett) to check it out as he has more experience here than either of us.  Reread his opinions as well, I feel like you missed the entire point of why we think this is innappropriate for WP. Adm58 17:12, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)

Protection
I put this page up for protection (WP:RFPP). Cburnett 21:07, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)

To do
To do list moved from the article namespace to Talk:Central College/to do. -- Joolz 15:16, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Wannabe Investigative Reporters damage Wikipedia
I want to reiterate the point made above and stress that in a college with a 150 year history of educating many tens of thousands, some unidentified drunken frat boy allegedly scrawling "nigger" on a door and the resultant fallout - musn't be the only thing of note.

a) If this was noteworthy then every institution in the country would have thousands of words detailing similar incidents.

b) Even if one argues that it is noteworthy - it musn't be the only thing that is noteworthy.  It's catch 22 you see:  If the only thing noteworthy is a racist incident then it clearly isn't a sufficiently noteworthy institution to have tangential details in it's history in an encyclopedia.

As I see it, it is no more than an "exposé" by some wannabe hack.

jucifer 15:44, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you. Adm58 17:13, August 6, 2005 (UTC)

Articles shouldn't be numbers
Right now, the article has a list of stats and a list of presidents (like anyone really cares about who was president). But when someone adds actual information about a college, information that colors how the world currently sees the college (and current perception certainly is an important part of an encyclopedia), it gets dismissed as "an "exposé" by some wannabe hack". (Calling someone a wannabe hack violates WP:NPA, and at a volunteer encyclopedia, we could all be judged as wannabes.) It may not be the only thing noteworthy, but that doesn't mean that it should be deleted; add material to balance it.

 * Nevertheless, the post above has solid points on why that information doesn't belong in an encyclopedia. If information on these types of events were detailed throughout the Wikipedia, before long articles on sizable universities would have dozens of pages of information and new stuff would be added almost weekly.  I know you feel it's important, but it's not appropriate for an encyclopedia.  Current issues can be blinding... think of it like this:  If the event in question happened 20 years ago, would you be interested in reading it in an encyclopedia?  (The answer is no, by the way)  Adm58 04:11, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * If this happened in any state university, it would be national news. It isn't that common.--Prosfilaes 14:47, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I currently attend a state university, and I am telling you it is that common. Similar incidents happen all the time.  In fact, much worse incidents.  It's talked about for a week or two in the student paper, and then that's about it. Adm58 14:49, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Context is king; four kids die together all the time on universities, but Kent State shootings is clearly notable despite just being four kids getting killed. 25% of the minority students at the school going home does not happen everyday at state universities, and is notable.--Prosfilaes 01:01, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Context? 25% is a nice figure to throw around, sounds big, but really that's about 15 people according to enrollment data.  Anyways, you seem to be missing the argument about the encyclopedia.  Whether it's notable or not, it's out of place here.  That's been the consensus on this issue since it came up.  Adm58 15:54, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * 25% is 25%. You're claiming a consensus that just isn't there; I count three against (you, jucifer and Cburnett) versus me and Morningstar2651. Would you like to post enrollment data on the Wikipedia article, or would that mar the picture of your perfect little school, I mean be non-notable.--Prosfilaes 03:38, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Not relevant
I would submit that none of this is relevant to the Wikipedia article. With so little other content, its presence makes the article unbalanced by sensationalizing the negative. An encyclopedic entry about an educational institution need not recount this type of information.

Posting e-mails without the author's permission is very questionable.

 * Wiping a talk page completely is very questionable; an email that was sent to a couple thousand people is not terribly private and probably counts as fair use. I'm tired of people whining about so little other content; balance it by adding content, not deleting the content. A encyclopedia article should not be written by the university's publicity department.--Prosfilaes 19:33, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Really?
Are you sure Central offers a major in 'Fat Girls'? I think that's a little incorrect. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.46.186.95 (talk) 03:48, 26 September 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Central College (Iowa)


text: User talk:216.100.95.40

title: User talk:216.100.95.40


text: User:Noisy/Templates/comment

title: User:Noisy/Templates/comment


text: User talk:69.139.106.102

title: User talk:69.139.106.102


text:
14th Street (Washington, D.C.)

14th Street NW/SW is a street in Northwest and Southwest quadrants of Washington, D.C., located 1.25 mi west of the U.S. Capitol. It runs from the 14th Street Bridge north to Eastern Avenue.

Northbound U.S. Route 1 runs along 14th Street from the bridge to Constitution Avenue, where it turns east with US 50. US 1 southbound previously used 15th Street NW due to the ban on left turns from westbound Constitution Avenue to 14th Street, but it now uses the Ninth Street Tunnel, five blocks to the east. 14th Street crosses the National Mall and runs near the White House and through the western side of Washington's Logan Circle neighborhood.

Because it connects to one of the main bridges crossing the Potomac River into Northern Virginia, 14th Street has always been a major transportation corridor. It was the location of one of the first streetcar lines, and today it is the location of several afternoon carpooling "slug lines", which allow commuters to meet the high-occupancy vehicle requirements of I-395, the Henry G. Shirley Memorial Highway.

History
In the middle of the 20th century, 14th Street NW near the intersection of P Street was home to many car dealerships and was known as "auto row". The Casino Royal at 14th and H Streets was one of the city's most popular nightclubs. The street was the location of race riots in 1968 after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.

In the 1970s and 1980s, a portion of 14th Street became known primarily for its red-light district. Several strip clubs and massage parlors were concentrated roughly between New York Avenue and K Street, while prostitutes plied their trade around Logan Circle. However, rising land values eventually pushed out the adult businesses. The Source Theatre, founded by Bart Whiteman in 1977, was given some credit for the area's revival. Whiteman stood outside the theater to escort people inside in order to make them feel safer.

With the gentrification of the neighborhoods through which it passes – particularly downtown, Logan Circle, the U Street Corridor, and Columbia Heights – 14th Street is now known for live theater, art galleries, and trendy restaurants. Moreover, while the nominal center of the city's gay life is still Dupont Circle, the Washington Blade called 14th Street between U Street and Massachusetts Avenue (Thomas Circle) the best place to see and be seen. As of 2012, the center of gravity had shifted and Logan Circle was voted "DC's gay neighborhood."

The opening of a Whole Foods Market at 14th and P Streets in 2000 was considered a turning point for the neighborhood. The 21st century brought rapid gentrification along 14th Street, especially south of Florida Avenue. Within a decade, it had become one of the preeminent dining destinations in the Greater Washington area. In nine months of 2012 and 2013, two dozen restaurants opened on 14th Street. From 2010 to 2012, almost every block of 14th between Rhode Island and Florida Avenues had a major residential redevelopment project scheduled, adding more than 1,200 housing units and 85000 sqft of retail.

Landmarks

 * Armenian Genocide Museum of America
 * The Black Cat
 * Columbia Heights Metro station
 * DC USA
 * Freedom Plaza
 * Garfinckel's
 * John A. Wilson Building
 * National Aquarium
 * National City Christian Church
 * National Museum of American History
 * National Press Building
 * Oscar Straus Memorial
 * Pershing Park
 * Ronald Reagan Building
 * Thomas Circle
 * Tivoli Theatre
 * United States Department of Commerce
 * United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
 * Walter Reed Army Medical Center
 * Willard InterContinental Washington

Transit service
14th Street has been a major transit route ever since the Capital Traction Company streetcar line was built around the turn of the 20th century. The successor to that line is the Metrobus 14th Street Line—routes 52 & 54.

Rail
There are two Metrorail stations on 14th Street (the U Street station is one block east, at 13th and U Streets NW and is considered the most convenient stop to visit the heart of 14th St between P and V Sts NW):
 * McPherson Square
 * Columbia Heights

Metrobus
The following Metrobus routes travel along the street (listed from south to north):
 * 11Y (Eye St. NW to the 14th Street Bridge)
 * 16C (Independence Ave to the 14th Street Bridge)
 * 16E (Franklin Square to the 14th Street Bridge)
 * 52 (Takoma or 14th St & Colorado Ave. to L'Enfant Plaza)
 * 54 (Takoma to Metro Center)
 * 59 (Takoma to Federal Triangle)
 * E4 (Military Rd. to Kennedy St.)

DC Circulator
The DC Circulator's Woodley Park–Adams Morgan–McPherson Square Metro bus line travels along 14th Street between Columbia Heights and Franklin Square.

title: 14th Street (Washington, D.C.)


text:
Dams and reservoirs in Laos

Dams and reservoirs in Laos are the cornerstone of the Lao government's goal of becoming the "battery of Asia".

Hydroelectric power is a significant resource in Laos, with an estimated technically exploitable capacity of 18,000 megawatts (MW). In fiscal year September 2013–October 2014, Lao hydro power plants generated almost 15.5 billion kWh. Of this amount, nearly 12.5 billion kWh was exported, earning the country over US$610 million.

By November 2014, just over 3,240 MW of the country’s hydro power potential had been commissioned. Most existing and potential dams are on tributaries of Laos's main river, the Mekong, and work has now commenced on two dams on the mainstream of the Mekong itself at Xayaboury and Don Sahong. The country's earliest major dam was built on the Ngum River in Vientiane Province, for the Nam Ngum 1 Hydropower plant. Completed in 1971 with Japanese aid, it flooded 370 km2 of forest and farmland to create a large reservoir. The Nam Ngum 1 power station supplied the majority of electricity used in Laos until the end of the 20th century, and also exported energy to Thailand.

The Nam Ngum Reservoir has become a recreation and tourism destination in Laos. Guest houses have been built on some of the lake's many islands, formerly the peaks of sub-valleys in the area, while two islands were used as prisons during the 1970s and 1980s. The reservoir was logged by divers using underwater cutting gear several years after inundation and a fishing industry also developed around the lake. The original Nam Ngum Dam, at 70 m high and with a crest length of 468 m is now dwarfed by a second dam on the other side of the reservoir, part of one of the five hydropower projects planned for the Ngum River.

There are sixteen hydro power projects in Laos that use dams to store or divert water for electricity generation. The highest dam built so far is the 185 m rockfill and concrete face dam at the Nam Ngum 2 project. The largest reservoir in Laos is the 450 km2 Nakai Reservoir, created in 2008 when the 39 m high Nakai Dam was closed for the first time. The dam and reservoir store water for the 1,070 MW Nam Theun 2 Project, the largest power plant in Laos in terms of generating capacity. As with other hydro power reservoirs in the country, the reservoir shrinks considerably during the dry season as water is drawn off for power generation. The Nakai Reservoir draws down to a minimum operating size of around 70 km2 by the end of April each year. Nam Theun 2 also features a smaller reservoir and dam, the Re-Regulating Dam and Pond, built to control releases from the Nam Theun 2 Power Station to the Xebangfai River.

One of the most productive hydro power projects in Laos has been the Theun-Hinboun scheme in the center of the country, which was built in two phases opening respectively in 1998 and 2012. The initial project featured a relatively small dam and reservoir, transferring water from the Theun River to the neighbouring (and lower) Hinboun River by tunnel, producing 220 MW. Theun-Hinboun provided substantial economic benefits to Laos through energy sales to neighboring Thailand at a time when the country had few exports, and its success encouraged other international investments in the country, including the Theun-Hinboun Expansion Project. This project added another 220 MW turbine at the Theun-Hinboun powerhouse and also built a 60 MW powerhouse on the Gnouang River, a tributary of the Theun River. The water for this expanded power generation is supplied by a new 105 km2 reservoir on the Gnouang River, created by construction of the 65 m high Nam Gnouang Dam.

In 2012 construction began on the 1,285 MW Xayaboury hydroelectricity power plant, the first dam to be built in Laos on the mainstream of the Mekong River. The plant is scheduled to begin operations in 2019 and will be the biggest hydro power station in the country. Its dam is to be 32.6 m tall, stretching 820 m across the Mekong. The project is designed to be run-of-the river and as such will not create a large reservoir. However, both the Xayaboury and Don Sahong Dams have attracted international attention due to the trans-boundary effects of the Mekong River on people and the environment downstream in Cambodia and Vietnam. The governments of both countries have challenged Laos to justify the construction of the projects through the Mekong River Commission.

Construction of a 290 MW project that will build two dams and two reservoirs on the Ngiep River in Bolikhamsai Province began in October 2014. The Nam Ngiep 1 hydropower plant, scheduled to begin operations in January 2019, will be the second project on the Ngiep River. An additional 21 dam projects in Laos have been granted power development agreements by the Lao government, which expects to open two new power plants in the country every year from 2012–2022. An additional 31 projects are in planning stages.

The controversy of dam building mirrors that concerning globalization. Proponents argue that the dams provide a sustainable source of foreign currency vital for economic growth, achieved primarily by selling electricity to neighbouring Thailand. Opponents argue that local people who suffer upheaval never get properly compensated, that flooding and water diversion adversely affect the environment, and that projects can end up less profitable than expected due to silting and/or market changes.

Dam collapse
In July 2018, Saddle Dam D, one of the Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy (PNPC) hydroelectric power project dams, collapsed. At least twenty-seven people were confirmed killed with many more of the missing feared dead.

title: Dams and reservoirs in Laos


text:
Jewish War

Jewish War can refer to:

 * The Jewish War by the Jewish historian Josephus
 * The First Jewish–Roman War of 66–73 AD (see also Jewish–Roman wars)
 * An anti-Semitic campaign by Polish newspaper Gazeta Warszawska known as The Jewish war of 1859
 * Jewish war against Nazi Germany, a conspiracy theory asserting that World War II was caused by Jews
 * Antisemitic canard that Jews cause wars

title: Jewish War