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Sean Taylor

Sean Michael Maurice Taylor (April 1, 1983 – November 27, 2007) was an American football safety for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected fifth overall in the 2004 NFL draft by the Redskins, where he played four seasons until his murder in 2007.

As a high school player, Taylor led Gulliver Prep to a Florida state championship and set the state record for single-season touchdowns. He played college football for the Miami Hurricanes, where he was a member of their 2001 BCS National Championship team and won the Jack Tatum Trophy. With the Redskins, he gained a reputation as a hard-hitting player and was nicknamed "Meast" from the expression "half man, half beast." He made one Pro Bowl appearance in 2006.

During the 2007 season, Taylor was shot by intruders at his Miami area home and died the next day on November 27. Posthumously, he earned a second Pro Bowl selection and second-team All-Pro honors. Taylor was inducted to Washington's Ring of Fame in 2008.

Early life
Taylor was born in Florida City, Florida, on April 1, 1983. He spent his early years growing up with his great-grandmother in Homestead, Florida and later moved to his father's home at the age of 11. Taylor was baptized at the Bethel Seventh-day Adventist Church in Florida City by Pastor David Peay. He grew up in a low-income neighborhood in Miami, on a street lined with candy-colored houses.

Taylor played high school football in Pinecrest, a suburb of Miami. He originally began his high school football career at Miami Killian High School, a Class 2A public school, but transferred to Gulliver Preparatory School, a preparatory school, where he was a three-sport star in football, track, and basketball. Despite missing the first game of the season, the team's only loss, he helped Gulliver win the Florida Class 2A State Championship in 2000 with a 14–1 record.

Taylor was a star on both sides of the ball during that season, playing running back, defensive back and linebacker. He rushed for 1,400 yards and a state-record 44 touchdowns and on two occasions, rushed for more than 200 yards during Gulliver's state playoff run. He also compiled more than 100 tackles during the season and scored three touchdowns (two receiving, one rushing) in the state title game victory over Marianna High School. In track and field, Taylor won the state 2A 100-meter dash in 2000 and was also one of the state's top 400-meter dash sprinters.

Taylor was considered the top prospect in Miami-Dade County by the Miami Herald. He was also rated the nation's No. 1 skill athlete and an All-American by Super Prep. Taylor was also an Orlando Sentinel Super Southern Team selection, the No. 1 athlete on The Florida Times-Union Super 75 list and rated the No. 1 player in Florida by The Gainesville Sun.

In 2007, he was also named to the Florida High School Athletic Association's All-Century Team, which selected the Top 33 players in the 100-year history of high school football in the state. After his death, Taylor was honored at Gulliver by a plaque that was placed in the school's cafeteria. The football field at Gulliver Prep was renamed Sean Taylor Memorial Field on September 5, 2009.

College career
Taylor was recruited to play for coach Larry Coker's Miami Hurricanes football team at the University of Miami. He was also a member of the Hurricanes track and field team, competing in events such as the 100-meter and 200-meters.

2001 season
As one of only four true freshmen on the 2001 Miami Hurricanes football team, Taylor carved a niche for himself in Miami's secondary in nickel and dime defensive schemes. During the season, Taylor was named Big East Special Teams Player of the Week for his performance against the Pittsburgh Panthers. The Hurricanes won the national championship in 2001, and the 2001 Miami Hurricanes team has subsequently been ranked among the best in the history of college football.

2002 season
In 2002, his first season as a starter, Taylor was a second-team All-Big East selection by the league's head coaches. He finished third on the team in tackles with 85 (53 solo), broke up 15 passes, intercepted 4 passes, forced one fumble, blocked one kick and returned a punt for a touchdown. He led all Miami defensive backs in tackles, interceptions and passes broken up, and had a career-high 11 tackles (2 solo) and intercepted 2 passes in the Hurricanes National Championship loss to Ohio State. He made a critical play during the game, in which he intercepted Buckeyes quarterback Craig Krenzel in the endzone and returned the ball out of the endzone. Buckeyes running back Maurice Clarett ran Taylor down, and in the process stripped the ball away from him. Clarett recovered the ball for Ohio State, allowing them to kick a field goal to go up 17–7 at the time.

2003 season
Taylor produced a historic season during his final year at Miami that culminated with a plethora of honors and awards. He was named a unanimous first-team All-American, the Big East Conference Defensive Player of the Year and a finalist for the Jim Thorpe Award, given to the nation's best defensive back. He led the Big East Conference and ranked first nationally in interceptions with 10, tying the record for interceptions in a season with former Hurricanes standout Bennie Blades. Taylor also finished first in total tackles with 77 (57 solo). He intercepted two passes in Miami's impressive 28–14 win over Pittsburgh, playing a key role as the Hurricanes limited All-American receiver Larry Fitzgerald to just three receptions for 26 yards. He returned interceptions for an average of 18.4 yards, including a 67-yard touchdown return at Boston College, a 50-yard scoring runback at Florida State and a 44-yard scoring runback against Rutgers University. His three touchdown returns of interceptions is a Miami single-season record.

Taylor also competed in track and field as a senior for the Hurricanes. He placed 4th in the 100-meter at the Gatorade Invitational in Coral Gables, Florida, with a time of 10.77 seconds, behind teammates Terrell Walden, Roscoe Parrish and Travarous Bain. His best efforts for the season came at the Big East Outdoor T&F Championships in Storrs, Connecticut, where he ran personal-bests of 10.74 seconds in the 100-meter dash and 21.60 seconds in the 200-meter dash. He also participated as a member of the 4x100 relay.

Professional career
Following his 2003 season, Taylor announced that he was entering the NFL draft. He attended the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis, Indiana, but opted to skip all of the combine drills and only met with team representatives and personnel.

Washington Redskins
In the 2004 NFL draft, the Washington Redskins selected Taylor in the first round with the fifth overall selection. He was the first of a record six players selected in the first round from the University of Miami; the other five players were Kellen Winslow II, Jonathan Vilma, D. J. Williams, Vernon Carey, and Vince Wilfork.

2004
On July 27, 2004, the Washington Redskins signed Taylor to a six-year, $18.5 million contract that included a $13.4 million signing bonus and could have been worth $40 million with incentives and bonuses. His contract also included a seventh-year option. Taylor became the first top ten pick to sign his contract in 2004.

On August 4, 2004, dissatisfied with his contract, Taylor fired his agents, Eugene Mato and Jeff Moorad. He fired them after other top ten picks signed their contracts and felt their deals were better in comparison. This marked his second time firing agents within five months after he fired agent Drew Rosenhaus two days after the NFL draft. He immediately rehired Rosenhaus, who served as his agent for the remainder of his career. Taylor also had an incident that involved his early departure during the NFL's Rookie Symposium which was mandatory for every incoming player from the draft and was held over four days. He left after the first day, but returned for the last two days at the urging of representatives from the Redskins. Over his first three seasons, Taylor also was fined at least seven times for late hits, uniform violations and other infractions.

Throughout training camp, Taylor competed for the job as the starting free safety against Andre Lott. On August 9, 2004, Taylor made his professional NFL debut in the Redskins' preseason-opener as part of their second unit defense against the Denver Broncos. He recorded two interceptions in the second half off passes by rookie quarterback Matt Mauck. During the third quarter, Taylor intercepted a pass intended for Jeb Putzier and returned it for a three-yard touchdown to put Washington in the lead 10–9. Head coach Joe Gibbs named Taylor the backup free safety to begin the regular season, behind starter Andre Lott, after Taylor failed to surpass him on the depth chart.

He made his professional regular season debut in the Washington Redskins' season-opener against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and assisted on one tackle in their 16–10 victory. In Week 3, Taylor earned his first career start after surpassing Lott on the depth chart and recorded four combined tackles and deflected two passes in the Redskins' 21–18 loss to the Dallas Cowboys. On October 18, 2004, Taylor made four solo tackles, a pass deflection, a sack, and returned his first career interception for 45-yards during a 13–10 win at the Chicago Bears. He made his first career interception and sack during the game, recording both on quarterback Brian Griese. In Week 12, he collected a season-high ten combined tackles (seven solo) and broke up a pass in a 16–7 loss at the Pittsburgh Steelers. He finished his rookie season in 2004 with 76 combined tackles (60 solo), nine pass deflections, four interceptions, two forced fumbles, and a sack in 15 games and 13 starts.

2005
Before the season started, Taylor switched his jersey number from No. 36 to No. 21 after it was available due to the departure of cornerback Fred Smoot to the Minnesota Vikings. Taylor kept the number when Smoot rejoined the Redskins in 2007, with Smoot opting to wear No. 27. Assistant head coach/defensive coordinator Gregg Williams opted to retain Taylor as the starting free safety to begin the regular season, alongside strong safety Ryan Clark.

He started the Washington Redskins' season-opener against the Chicago Bears and recorded four solo tackles and broke up a pass in their 9–7 victory. On November 11, 2005, it was reported that Taylor and teammate Clinton Portis received fines from the NFL due to violating the league's uniform code during the Redskins' 17–10 home victory against the Philadelphia Eagles in Week 9. Taylor's fine was for $5,000 due to his choice of wearing white socks with a burgundy and gold striped pattern instead of the required all white socks. He was inactive for the Redskins' Week 10 loss at the Tampa Bay Buccaneers due to an injury. On January 1, 2006, he collected a season-high nine combined tackles and deflected two passes during a 31–20 win at the Philadelphia Eagles. Taylor finished the 2005 season with 70 combined tackles (60 solo), a career-high ten pass deflections, two interceptions, two forced fumbles, and a sack in 15 games and 15 starts.

The Washington Redskins finished second in the NFC East with a 10–6 record and received a wildcard berth. On January 7, 2006, Taylor started in his first career playoff game and recorded seven combined tackles and returned a fumble recovery in the fourth quarter of their 17–10 victory at the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. During this game he allegedly spit in the face of Buccaneers running back Michael Pittman and hit him in the face. Taylor was ejected.

Two days later, the NFL fined Taylor $17,000 for the incident. The Redskins were eliminated the following game after losing 20–10 to the Seattle Seahawks in the NFC Divisional Round. Taylor finished the loss with seven combined tackles and a pass deflection.

2006
Head coach Joe Gibbs named Taylor the starting free safety to start the regular season in 2006, along with starting strong safety Adam Archuleta.

On October 15, 2006, Taylor collected a season-high ten combined tackles (eight solo) and deflected a pass during a 25–22 loss to the Tennessee Titans. In Week 9, Taylor made eight combined tackles and returned a blocked 35-yard field goal attempt by Mike Vanderjagt for a 30-yard gain with less than six seconds left in the game. A facemask on Taylor by Kyle Kosier added a 15-yard penalty and placed the Redskins in field goal range with an untimed down. Vanderjagt's game-winning field goal was blocked by Troy Vincent and allowed Redskins' kicker Nick Novak to kick a 47-yard game-winning field goal to defeat the Dallas Cowboys 22–19. On November 26, 2006, Taylor recorded five combined tackles, two pass deflections, and intercepted a pass by quarterback Jake Delhomme in the Redskins' 17–13 win against the Carolina Panthers. He made a key fourth down tackle on Delhomme in the fourth quarter and his interception sealed the Redskins' victory. He was voted as the NFC Defensive Player of the Week for his performance. He finished the 2006 season with a career-high 111 combined tackles (86 solo), six pass deflections, three forced fumbles, and an interception in 16 games and 16 starts. During the season, Washington Redskins assistant coach Gregg Williams frequently called Taylor the best athlete that he had ever coached.

Even while playing on a struggling Redskins defensive unit, Taylor's impact on the field was recognized when he was named a first alternate to the NFC's 2007 Pro Bowl team. When the NFC's first choice for safety, Brian Dawkins of the Philadelphia Eagles, chose not to play in the Pro Bowl due to an injury, Taylor was named to the vacated spot, marking his first and only Pro Bowl appearance. A crushing hit by Taylor on Buffalo Bills punter Brian Moorman in the Pro Bowl created much fan and media discussion.

2007
Prior to the start of the 2007 season, Sports Illustrated named Taylor the hardest-hitting player in the NFL.

Before the season, in a rare interview, he was quoted as saying, "[Y]ou play a kid's game for a king's ransom. And if you don't take it serious enough, eventually one day you're going to say, 'Oh, I could have done this, I could have done that.'" The season appeared to represent a personal turnaround for Taylor, as teammates said that he had finally gotten his life straightened out because of his daughter.

Prior to the season's start, the Redskins decided to use Taylor in a more traditional free safety role with less responsibility.

At the time of his death, Taylor was tied for the most interceptions in the National Football Conference and second in the league with 5 despite having missed Weeks 11 and 12 with a knee injury. Taylor had also compiled 42 tackles, 9 passes defended and a forced fumble.

On December 18, 2007, Taylor was posthumously voted to his second Pro Bowl, becoming the first deceased player in NFL history to be elected to the Pro Bowl. During the Pro Bowl, the Redskins players who had been selected, Chris Samuels, Chris Cooley and Ethan Albright, wore #21 to honor Taylor. Like the Redskins had done earlier in the season, the NFC lined up with just one safety on the first play of the game.

Legal issues
In October 2004, Taylor was arrested in Fairfax County, Virginia, on a charge of driving under the influence of alcohol following a birthday party for former Redskins receiver Rod Gardner in Washington, D.C. Taylor was pulled over for driving 82 mph on the Beltway, where the speed limit is 55 mph. Taylor subsequently failed a field sobriety test and then refused a blood alcohol (BAC) test, which resulted in his arrest.

In March 2005, a Fairfax County judge acquitted Taylor of the DWI charge after viewing a videotape of Taylor's roadside sobriety tests that, according to the judge, failed to demonstrate obvious intoxication. Taylor was, however, convicted for refusing to take a blood alcohol test requested by a Virginia state police officer. Taylor's conviction on refusing to take the blood alcohol test was heard on appeal later that month, in March 2005, and Taylor was also acquitted of that charge, with the judge ruling there was a lack of probable cause for the request.

In June 2005, Taylor was sought by police following an incident in which bullets were fired into a stolen vehicle.

In April 2006 trial, Taylor pled no contest to misdemeanor battery and assault charges, and was placed on 18 months probation and ordered to support ten Miami-Dade County schools by speaking about the importance of education and donating $1,000 to each school.

Death
On November 26, 2007, Taylor heard noises in his house and, while investigating the cause, was shot in the leg by a home intruder. Taylor's fiancée, Jackie García, and their 18-month-old daughter, Jackie, were unharmed. Taylor's femoral artery was severed, causing extensive blood loss.

Taylor was rushed to Jackson Memorial Hospital, where he died the following day, on November 27, 2007, at age 24.

Taylor's funeral was held at the Pharmed Arena at Florida International University in Miami on December 3, 2007.

On November 30, four men, Venjah K. Hunte, 20; Eric Rivera Jr., 17; Jason Scott Mitchell, 19; and Charles Kendrick Lee Wardlow, 18, were arrested. Police said more than one confessed. All four men were charged with felony second-degree murder, armed burglary, and home invasion robbery with a firearm, charges which carried a maximum of life in prison. In May 2008, a fifth suspect, 16-year-old Timothy Brown, was charged with first-degree murder and burglary. All the murder charges were subsequently increased to first-degree murder. The death penalty, however, was not sought because the gunman, Rivera, was 17 years old.

Remembrance
The NFL recognized the death of Taylor by placing a No. 21 decal on the back of all NFL players' helmets during all Week 13 games; additionally, a moment of silence was held before each game that week. Players on other teams were given the option to continue wearing the decals in subsequent weeks.

Taylor was posthumously voted starting free safety for the NFC team for the 2008 Pro Bowl and voted a second team All-Pro.

The Redskins had the number 21 painted on the field, at a parking lot entrance and in the Redskins Ring of Fame, all three of which became temporary memorials. In addition to the black No. 21 sticker on the back of every NFL helmet, the Redskins also wore the number as a patch on player uniforms, warmup shirts and coaching staff jackets, as well as unveiling a banner bearing his name and number. His locker at Redskins Park was encased in Plexiglas and left the same way Taylor had left it. The organization also established a trust fund for Taylor's daughter, Jackie.

The first Redskins game after Taylor's death was on December 2, 2007, which was against the Buffalo Bills and held at FedExField. The game began with the Redskins defense playing with 10 men on the field instead of the usual 11. Players signaled to the sky, holding up the numbers two and one, on numerous occasions. The team requested that fans arrive 25 minutes before the start of the game at 12:40pm and played a four-minute remembrance video, held a moment of silence and gave attendees commemorative towels with Taylor's number on them in his honor and memory.

Teammates Chris Cooley, Chris Samuels and Ethan Albright all wore jerseys with No. 21 during the 2008 Pro Bowl. The three jerseys were auctioned off and the proceeds donated to the Sean Taylor Memorial Trust Fund.

The murder was covered on the Investigation Discovery show The Perfect Murder.

His jersey number was retired by the team in October 2021; he was the third player in the team's history to have that honor. The ceremony also included naming of a road to the stadium in his honor.

Trial
On May 12, 2008, it was announced the suspects, if convicted, would not face the death penalty, but may be subjected to life imprisonment because the suspected gunman, Eric Rivera, was only 17 at the time of the shooting. On May 15, 2008, Venjah Hunte, one of the five suspects in Taylor's murder, accepted a plea deal and was sentenced to 29 years in prison. On April 1, 2009, Hunte petitioned the court to withdraw his guilty plea.

Although originally scheduled for April 7, 2008, the trial of the men charged with Sean Taylor's murder was postponed to June 2009. It was postponed by petition of the defense, saying that there were still hundreds of potential witnesses who needed to be interviewed before the trial could proceed. The trial was then delayed for a third time on June 9, 2009, for unspecified reasons. A new trial date was set for January 18, 2010, and was postponed again with a trial date of March 14, 2011. After another delay, the trial was set to begin on January 30, 2012.

On January 20, 2012, a judge set a trial date of April 16 for Eric Rivera Jr., the alleged gunman in the case. However, Rivera fired his lawyer on March 16, eventually causing delays. On July 12, the judge postponed the trial to November 5, but that date was further moved back to April 5, 2013, due to a scheduling conflict with the chief prosecutor. On April 2, 2013, the trial was again postponed to August 12 of that year. Also in August, the trial was postponed to September 16 and later rescheduled to October 15. During his trial, Rivera testified that someone else fired the gun. On November 4, a jury found Eric Rivera Jr. guilty of second-degree murder and armed burglary, which could carry a life imprisonment sentence.

On January 23, 2014, Miami-Dade Circuit Judge Dennis Murphy sentenced Rivera to 57$1/2$ years in prison. On June 10, Jason Scott Mitchell was convicted in Taylor's murder and sentenced to life imprisonment.

On April 1, 2015, Charles Wardlow, the fourth person charged Taylor's death, was sentenced to 30 years in prison. A week later, the final defendant, Timmy Lee Brown, was sentenced to 18 years in prison under a plea agreement.

Legacy
Taylor was inducted posthumously as the 43rd member into the Washington Redskins Ring of Fame on November 30, 2008.

Multiple players have honored Taylor by donning his jersey numbers that he wore during his college and professional career. During his college career Taylor wore No. 26 for the Miami Hurricanes. As a rookie in 2004, he wore No. 36 before switching to No. 21 for the remainder of his career. Taylor's former teammate and fellow safety Ryan Clark returned to the Washington Redskins in 2014 after an eight-year stint with the Pittsburgh Steelers. During practices, Clark wore No. 21 in Taylor's honor. The Washington Redskins' second round pick in the 2016 NFL draft, Su'a Cravens, chose No. 36 upon joining the Redskins as a rookie in dedication to Taylor. Cravens switched to No. 39 in 2017 after safety D. J. Swearinger requested No. 36 after signing with the Redskins as a free agent. Swearinger wore No. 36 throughout four teams in his professional career as a way to honor Taylor. Heading into the 2015 season, the New York Giants announced safety Landon Collins would switch from No. 27 to No. 21 to honor Taylor. Collins also wore Taylor's college number (No. 26) during his collegiate career at Alabama as a way to pay tribute.

In September 2020, one of the roads leading to Commanders Field was renamed Sean Taylor Road in Taylor's memory. On October 17, 2021, the Washington franchise retired Sean Taylor's number 21 before a game against the Kansas City Chiefs with his family in attendance.

On November 27, 2022, the Washington Commanders unveiled a statue-like display honoring Taylor at FedExField. The unveiling was followed by criticism of the design and lack of a physical statue.

title: Sean Taylor


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Talk:Apostasy in Islam

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 3 September 2019 and 12 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Gabem1326.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 14:33, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Weird sentence
This sentence, under "Characteristics", is weird:

"Not all types of apostasy are punishable by death. Only major apostasy requires execution."

What is "major apostasy", and also the article have been discussing how it's execution all the way for apostasy, but this time only major ones require execution. What does that mean? It's unclear. Xn00bit (talk) 16:12, 31 August 2022 (UTC)

Staple policy
User:GenoV84 Show me where the RC say "Islamic death penalty", point me into direction with a quote and page number and until you do that here, until you prove that is the fact, you should accept removal of unreferenced terminology - all this is per our staple policies: WP:RS, WP:OR, and WP:Burden ౪ Santa ౪  99°  20:59, 13 October 2022 (UTC) Not to mention it is excessive phrasing within the context of those two sentences.-- ౪ Santa ౪ 99°  21:08, 13 October 2022 (UTC)

The cited academic references extensively refer to executions of Christians by muslims under the death penalty as per islamic jurisprudence; please check the cited sources and read for yourself. GenoV84 (talk) 21:12, 13 October 2022 (UTC)

 * I asked you to point on usage of this terminology and to provide a source page and quotation. You are avoiding to offer evidence with unnecessary explanations of your original research, and now you are edit waring again. ౪ Santa ౪  99°  21:16, 13 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Nobody spoke of verbatim quotes, I spoke of content; here's the evidence that you asked for.     GenoV84 (talk) 21:20, 13 October 2022 (UTC)

 * You accuse me of edit warring after I provided all the evidence that you wanted to see while refusing to check the cited sources? Astonishing, but not surprising. GenoV84 (talk) 21:24, 13 October 2022 (UTC)
 * I asked you to show me specific quotation of "Islamic death penalty" and a specific page where I can validate usage of such explicit (almost racialized) terminology. You are just burying me with references in avoidance to give me what I want. ౪ Santa ౪  99°  21:37, 13 October 2022 (UTC)

 * I am referring to content, not verbatim quotes. The cited academic sources throughout the article extensively state that Christians during the Middle Ages were continuously persecuted by muslims and many were executed under their religious principles of jurisprudence regarding the death penalty for Non-muslims as per Islam, i.e. the Islamic death penalty (which is still a thing even today in the muslim world, you know....).

What's the point of asking for evidence if you don't even dare to read the cited academic sources, which constitute the evidence that you are so desperately looking for? GenoV84 (talk) 21:48, 13 October 2022 (UTC)

 * This is nothing but more justification of WP:OR, and more avoidance to respond to clear and concrete request for quotation of terminology included in article. You should revert yourself, or provide evidence as asked. That would end any doubts and stop any further unnecessary discussion. ౪ Santa ౪  99°  01:08, 14 October 2022 (UTC)

 * I replied on WP:AN. This discussion won't go anywhere unless you stop with your WP:STALKING and repeated personal attacks. GenoV84 (talk) 09:06, 14 October 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Apostasy in Islam


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User talk:Revolving Bugbear

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Nomination for deletion of Template:Eurohistcollaboration
Template:Eurohistcollaboration has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 04:46, 10 October 2017 (UTC)

Inactivity
I hope this finds you well.

There are ongoing discussions regarding your continued token activity as an administrator. If you have serious plans to re-engage with Wikipedia, I would encourage you to put those plans into effect, or, at a minimum, articulate your rationale for retaining administrative rights given that you have not been involved with the project in a meaningful way for ten years. I personally would be happy to see you back, and would like to thank you for your past contributions.

If you do not plan to stay involved, I would kindly encourage you to voluntarily resign your position as administrator. If that is what you decide, you may post your request at WP:BN.

Very best and kindest regards,  Uninvited Company 23:11, 5 December 2018 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:WikiProject Buffyverse
Template:WikiProject Buffyverse has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Gonnym (talk) 13:13, 20 December 2019 (UTC)

You have been pruned from a list
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title: User talk:Revolving Bugbear


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Lucas' reagent

"Lucas' reagent" is a solution of anhydrous zinc chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid. This solution is used to classify alcohols of low molecular weight. The reaction is a substitution in which the chloride replaces a hydroxyl group. A positive test is indicated by a change from clear and colourless to turbid, signalling formation of a chloroalkane. Also, the best results for this test are observed in tertiary alcohols, as they form the respective alkyl halides fastest due to higher stability of the intermediate tertiary carbocation. The test was reported in 1930 and became a standard method in qualitative organic chemistry. The test has since become somewhat obsolete with the availability of various spectroscopic and chromatographic methods of analysis. It was named after Howard Lucas (1885–1963).

Lucas test
The Lucas test in alcohols is a test to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols. It is based on the difference in reactivity of the three classes of alcohols with hydrogen halides via an SN1 reaction:

 * tert-BuOH +  HCl   →  tert-BuCl  +  H2O

The differing reactivity reflects the differing ease of formation of the corresponding carbocations. Tertiary carbocations are far more stable than secondary carbocations, and primary carbocations are the least stable(due to hyperconjugation).

An equimolar mixture of ZnCl2 and concentrated HCl is the reagent. The alcohol is protonated, the H2O group formed leaves, forming a carbocation, and the nucleophile Cl− (which is present in excess) readily attacks the carbocation, forming the chloroalkane. Tertiary alcohols react immediately with Lucas reagent as evidenced by turbidity owing to the low solubility of the organic chloride in the aqueous mixture. Secondary alcohols react within five or so minutes (depending on their solubility). Primary alcohols do not react appreciably with Lucas reagent at room temperature. Hence, the time taken for turbidity to appear is a measure of the reactivity of the class of alcohol, and this time difference is used to differentiate among the three classes of alcohols: The Lucas test is usually an alternative to the oxidation test - which is used to identify primary and secondary alcohols.
 * no visible reaction at room temperature and forming an oily layer only on heating: primary, such as 1-pentanol
 * solution forms oily layer in 3–5 minutes: secondary, such as 2-pentanol
 * solution forms an oily layer immediately: tertiary, such as 2-methyl-2-butanol

title: Lucas' reagent


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Ishtar (disambiguation)

Ishtar is a Mesopotamian deity.

Ishtar may also refer to:

Architecture

 * Ishtar Gate, a gate to the inner city of ancient Babylon, and a smaller gate reconstructed in the Pergamon Museum in the 1930s

Astronomy

 * 7088 Ishtar, a binary near-Earth asteroid
 * Ishtar Terra, an area on the planet Venus

Arts, entertainment, and media

 * Ishtar TV, Iraqi broadcasting company
 * Ishtar (singer), French-Israeli pop singer and vocalist
 * Ishtar (band), a Belgian folk band
 * Ishtar (film), a 1987 film written and directed by Elaine May
 * Ishtar, a fictional planet in Poul Anderson's novel Fire Time
 * Ishtar, a character in the game series The Tower of Druaga
 * Ishtar, a character in the anime Macross II
 * Ishtar, the main character of the manga Vampire Game
 * Ishtar, a character in the anime Fate/Grand Order - Absolute Demonic Front: Babylonia

title: Ishtar (disambiguation)


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Talk:Peerflix

Untitled
I don't see any reason given for deletion? I Read the rules, don't get it.

Peerflix introduced a new concept in online media trading that spawned a long list of imitators....many have pages not flagged for deletion.

Seems like Wikipedia is deleting content left and right, often leaving holes where good info used to exist.

 * This request for deletion is not in a proper template and it is unsigned. Given the uniqueness of the peer-to-peer physical trading model, an AfD is unlikely to succeed. Pendragon39 00:06, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

Notability
I think I saw a report about it on TV. Does that make it notable?

Does the trading concept make it notable? Pendragon39 20:23, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Peerflix


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Talk:Pope Benedict XVI/Archive 3

Post replies to the main talk page, copying the section you are replying to if necessary. (See How to archive a talk page.)

This archive covers the later portion of April 19, 2005, and the early hours of April 20.

Please add new archivals to Talk:Pope Benedict XVI/Archive08. Thank you. Bratsche talk random 03:11, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

Could someone clarify the 2010 thing with the Lutheran Church and priests marrying? It reads like some far-fetched fantasy world prophesy right now 68.233.74.69 03:59, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Marktl
Is Marktl the local dialect of the German world Markt, meaning "market" in English? I found that there is another Marktl in the nearby country Austria. The names of places tend to reflect local dialects strongly.

XXX

Marktl is a diminutive of Markt in the Bavarian dialect, so the Pope's birth town used to be a settlement with a the right to hold a weekly market fair (that's one step down from a city which had both a market and a wall - in the middle ages, that is). Albeit a very small market, I guess, hence the diminutive.

Diminutives in standard german are mostly formed by adding "-chen" or "-lein" to the word, sometimes with a Umlaut, e.g. Markt, Märktchen, Märktlein. The "-l" is a Bavarian form of the "-lein". In English the suffix "-let" would be the parallel, as in "booklet". Str1977

Not a Nazi
I agree with the previous post, he was NOT A NAZI. Joining the Hitler youth was absolutely required at the time, as was being drafted at a young age. Refusal of either obligation entitled being shot, regardless of young age. Anyone who can call this Pope a Nazi is the same type of ignorant person who stereotypes all Germans as Nazis, or all Russians as Stalinists. Keep it neutral please.

Number of the beast, Greek Numbering System
First all. John's Apocalypse is written in Greek. So the number system to follow should be greek not ASCII no Latin only Greek. The Greek numerical system is

Α,α=1 Β,β=2 Γ,γ=3 Δ,δ=4 Ε,ε=5 ΣΤ,στ=6 Ζ,ζ=7 Η,η=8 Θ,θ=9 Ι,ι=10 Κ,κ=20 Λ,λ=30 Μ,μ=40 Ν,ν=50 Ξ,ξ=60 Ο,ο=70 Π,π=80 (symbol copa )= 90 Ρ,ρ=100 Σ,σ=200 Τ,τ=300 Υ,υ=400 Φ,φ=500 Χ,χ=600 Ψ,ψ=700 Ω,ω=800 (symbol sanpi)=900

Now it's very simple to calculate some Names AFTER we translate them to greek

The Name JESUS as an example is written in greek ΙΗΣΟΥΣ if we add the letters we come up with Ι+Η+Σ+Ο+Υ+Σ = 10+8+200+70+400+200 = 888

Another example christians (catholics, ortodox etc.) believe in a "trinity god", father son and holly ghost the greek word for trinity god is ΤΡΙΑΔΙΚΟΣ ΘΕΟΣ Τ+Ρ+Ι+Α+Δ+Ι+Κ+Ο+Σ+Θ+Ε+Ο+Σ = 300+100+10+1+4+20+200+9+5+70+200 = 999

So who ever this individual is if we translate the name in greek and then make the addition the result will be 666.

Example: The Name BENEDICT in greek it is ΒΕΝΕΔΙΚΤΟΣ

if we make the calculation we come up with Β+Ε+Ν+Ε+Δ+Ι+Κ+Τ+Ο+Σ = 2+5+50+5+4+10+20+300+70+20 = 666

Is that the name of our new Pope ?

 * I don't think anyone is seriously suggesting he is currently a Nazi. Yeah, some pranksters are poking fun with his photo since he tends to be very conservative and authoritarian, but whatever, they're vandals, what can you do.  I personally think that the Hitler Youth piece is relavent to the article.  I also have read that plenty of kids were NOT part of the Hitler Youth, and perhaps that should be mentioned here too.  That doesn't mean he's a Nazi, it just is what it is: a fact.  Inclusion of information that is negative shouldn't be automatically seen as POV. 24.18.46.58 05:19, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * You might want to read the articles you cite. That one specifically says they were in the Hitler Youth.

 * "'Then I was put into a Nazi Reichsbahn training center in Nippes - it consisted of a factory, school, Hitler Youth – all in one, and in the morning you reported in - Heil Hitler, if you wanted to go to the loo it was Heil Hitler, Heil Hitler reporting back, the whole day long your hand went up and down, and I really hated that.'"--Samuel J. Howard 07:39, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * I think Nazi Germany gave Joseph Ratfucker - pardon my anglosaxon - one heck of an authoritarian streak, one which he TRIED to repress during Vatican II. It shows in his behavior: Ratzinger is more of a follower than a leader.   — Rickyrab | Talk 05:31, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The article says

 * qoute

 * He unwillingly fought for Nazi Germany during World War II.

 * unquote

 * The "unwillingly" is not NPOV. If it is to stay, there should be reference to his own explanation (interview in press, (auto)biography, url - something/anything) and then the sentence should read:

 * quote

 * Benedict XVI claims/asserts to have unwillingly fought [enter ref/url for unwillingness here] for Nazi Germany during World War II.

 * unquote

 * Wether someane was willing or unwilling is a judgement, not a fact. Judgements should be allowed as they make up the core of our social lifes. But this is an encyclopedia and thus judgements should be attributed to someone.

 * So those who feel that Benedict XVI is a clean whistle, please reference the "unwillingly". Otherwise it will need to be deleted and this makes him sound like a Nazi, which he is probably not. --Modi 07:28, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * "unwillingly" means in this case under compulsion, and that he certainly was, he was drafted. He later deserted.  He didn't pick it.  If he had volunteered he wouldn't have needed to be drafted and if he wanted to do it he wouldnt' have deserted.--Samuel J. Howard 07:41, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

I agree with Samuel - and "claimed" is even less NPOV. Str1977

In the subsection "Before 1945" the following sentence state: National Catholic Reporter correspondent and biographer John Allen writes that Ratzinger was an enthusiastic member who joyously attended meetings. Does this refer to the seminary meetings? If it refers to his membership at Hitler's youth, I think it might have to be revised, since according the The Times (quoting the above mentioned John Allen): “Ratzinger was only briefly a member of the Hitler Youth and not an enthusiastic one,”. Gugganij 10:28, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I did a quick bit of research and this is a bit of vandalism that has crept in - it does refer to the Hitler Youth meetings, and if you search for the original John Allen quote it says the polar opposite. You can find the original quote further back in the history.  Reverted it and reorganised the section slightly to make it clearer. Vashti 10:41, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Stop the vandalism: keep it neutral
Who is the vandal out there? The guy was NOT a NAZI, (like Hitler was a NAZI) and he did NOT burn jews while fucking animals. Anyone out there doing this, please stop, you are not getting any message across, and it is NOT funny, and you are not helping anyone. Please keep the article neutral. And in case you are wondering, I am not biased towards the Pope. I am a Hindu.

I agree with who said that. I was just reading that and it said he was homosexual. Wtf? 1) popes are celibate 2) he's conservative. --user:Redwolf24

 * While I agree that he was not a member of the Nazi party, or perpetrated war crimes, it is also disingenuous to say that all members of the party or the Wermarcht were burning jews (and everyone else in the death camps in carrying out the shoah). In addition, being celibate or a conservative has nothing to do with ones sexual orientation. There are more than a few closet cases, and/or celibate conservative non-heterosexuals. Not saying that the PIQ is homosexual or bisexual, but your line of argument is rife with logical fallacies. Lestatdelc 04:05, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

Prophecy of St. Malachy
The Prophecy does NOT accurately predict every Pope; in order to make it fit, many antipopes were included in the line of succession and many popes have no analogy to their supposed mottos.

Could someone remove this gibberish about Malachy and stuff, this is not up to standard. I am very tempted to erase the whole stuff altogether, but I want just to say that i am in favour of deletion of this section. Hektor 03:20, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * In my opinion it's worth at least a mention, just as it was mentioned in the JPII article. Any further speculation on how Benedict XVI fits into the prophecy can go into the Prophecy of the Popes article. --Kvasir 05:29, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The current state of the Wikipedia entry on The Prophecy of The Popes is excellent. It acurately portrays what I've been seeing (and writing) on many internet boards and hearing (and saying) regarding people's interpretations of The Prophecy. The Article on The Prophecy of The Popes is meant to explain what the Prophecy is and how it is taken by the people... not whether (The) Prophecy itself is TRUE/REAL. Thus, there should be no bashing of the article based on disbelief of The Prophecy of The Popes itself.

- A. Ament gypsy_curiosa@yahoo.co.uk

The Pope's Dad
I'm mainly a WWII article writer and Ic ans ee there is a lot of interest in hwo the Pope grew up in Nazi Germany and that his father was a policeman during the time period in which german police were subordinate to the SS (1936 - 1945). Lets set the record straight and start an article on the Pope's father (I dont even know his name but Im sure others do). I think it is noteworthy enough for Wikipedia. -Husnock 03:18, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The Pope's fathers name was Joseph Ratzinger (the elder). And yes, there's far too much about the war, a rather unimportant episode in the carriere of the Pope.

"Roman" Catholic Church
This is a sensitive issue within the Catholic Church. Cardinal Ratzinger was not elected Pope of the "Roman" Catholic Church -- this designation refers to the Latin (or Western) Rite of the Catholic Church. There are a number of Eastern Rite Churches in communion with the Holy See. The proper phrasing is thus: "as pope, he is ... patriarch of the Roman Church, and supreme pontiff of the universal Catholic Church". But somebody keeps erasing my changes!

 * Many other churches see themselves as the "Universal Catholic Church" - the Anglican Communion and the Eastern Orthodox, for instance. It is POV to use this title to refer to the Catholic Church, only. john k 03:43, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, but only one titles itself the "Catholic" Church. If the others wanted to be called "THE Catholic Church", they should have titled themselves that. Anyway, "Roman" Catholic Church objectively refers to something that we don't mean to refer to -- that is, specifically and exclusively the Latin Rite of Catholicism. Look, everyone knows what the "Catholic Church" is, and it's not POV.

I don't mind calling it the "Catholic Church". We certainly should not call it the "universal Catholic Church." Among other things, this simply isn't true - it's not universal! Among other things, it is repetive - "Catholic," strictly speaking, means "universal." It's fine to call it the Catholic Church, because Catholic has mostly lost its old meaning of "universal" in favor of meaning "pertaining to the Catholic Church." But that is not true of the word "universal," which ought to be avoided. john k 04:12, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Is the Ratzinger family of Jewish origin?
Any source for this claim?

Who knows... who cares? How does it effect his papacy.

 * There are many online discussions/speculation about his mother being Jewish. A Jewish mother would make Ratzinger a Jew by maternal lineage according to Jewish tradition. I have yet to see any reputable news source citing, or mention anything about his mother. Perhaps something the Church and biographers purposely left out? Who knows. This would be huge for anti-semites everywhere if this turns out that Ratzinger is Jewish. --Kvasir 05:22, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * If Ratzinger is, indeed, Jewish, then.... ooooh yeah, we're gonna see some attemps by Chabad Lubavitch to convert him back to Judaism.   — Rickyrab | Talk 05:28, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC) Also, he got lucky in Nazi times, as anyone whose grandparent was Jewish was considered a Jew by the Nazis.    — Rickyrab | Talk 05:28, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Well, considering his service in the Hitler Youth, he wasn't considered of Jewish descent by the Nazis, so i'd say that it's a good bet that he isn't. If you consider Joseph Sr.'s anti-nazism, the NSDAP government would have thoroughly checked his background.--Ansbachdragoner 05:27, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I agree with Ansbach on this one, though there is one case of a Jewish boy surviving the "3rd Reich" disguised as a Hitler Youth, portrayed in the movie "Hitlerjunge Salomo". But given the family's anti-Nazi stance and the rural setting, any Jewish descent in the Pope's case would have been revealed easily. Maybe this rumour is a attempt to prove the "prophecies of Malachy" right? Str1977

Photo
This is a Hitler Youth uniform. Clearly Ratzinger is wearing some other uniform in that photo. Adam 03:42, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * So? There could've been more than one kind of Hitlerjugend uniform.   — Rickyrab | Talk 05:17, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

There is obviously a determined campaign to prove that Ratzinger was a Nazi. I dislike him as much as anyone else, but this is false and unfair, and this campaign should be opposed. Adam 03:46, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * What do you mean with "dislike as much as anyone else"? I love him, I prayed for him, and I was so happy when he was elected! But I respect the good work you are doing to keep propaganda out of the article.

 * I didn't say "as much as everyone else," implying that everyone dislikes him. I am well aware that many people love him. I said "as much as anyone else," meaning that many people dislike him, and so do I. But I am in favour of fairness in historical articles. Adam 04:24, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Apart from the nutbags, i don't think anyone is attempting to prove that Ratzinger was a nazi. That he never had a NSDAP membership and went so far as to avoid membership in the Waffen-SS proves that. If people want to see him as a nazi, they are going to no matter what. For the objective minded of us, the photograph is obviously not HJ. As i've said to adam, it may be Luftschutz, as the breast eagle is definitely of the Luftwaffe pattern. I couldn't be 100% sure though, so perhaps it is best to retitle or remove the image until someone can confirm or deny. ATM, i do agree with Adam that it's presence witghout an adequate explanation seems like an attempt to show Ratzinger as a nazi.--Ansbachdragoner 03:51, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * No form my part, there is a "campaign" to be precise so as to not spread disinformation on either side of the issue. Here is a photo this is a reproduction Hitlerjugend uniform for older teens, note the pin on the hat which is the same as the one in the Ratzinger photo. The photo should go back in as it is indeed a photo of him in a Hitlerjugend uniform of the period in question and let the facts be seen and be clearly delineated. Lestatdelc 03:57, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

The only reason people want to display this photo of Benedict XVI as a boy is to associate him with Nazism. If that's not POV, then nothing is. Don't be ridiculous.

 * Don't be ridiculous yourself. This is a controversial point of valid historical debate in context to a highly visible and celebrated person and deserves meticulous presentation of ALL the facts in order to let people rightly come to there own conclusions armed with the FACTS. Sweeping facts and history under the rug because it makes people uncomfortable or draw conclusions you don't like is hardly NPOV or fact based information. Lestatdelc 04:08, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree with Lestatdelc -- A fact is a fact is a fact. Displaying an undoctored, publicly available photo is not POV -- it's simply information that the end reader can use to inform their opinion.  The fact that some would like all of this information to be out-of-bounds is silly. 24.18.46.58 07:22, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Facts are facts (but please have all of them), but in what regard is this photo a fact. I rather serves to enforce an impression based on an uneven reading of facts. Str1977

One question to ask about this photo is: is this photo even of Cardinal Ratzinger in the HJ uniform. If so, include it (and try to be sure it was not Photoshoped). If not, then it should not be included. Zscout370 11:13, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

COPYVIO IMAGES
Please stop adding copyvio images from NEWS AGENCIES. Vatican pics are also cpyrighted, see http://www.vatican.va/news_services/or/photo/ph_index_eng.html. —Cantus… ☎   04:08, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * Massive removal of pictures without any discussion is clearly not the way to go here. I also have seen a lot of other users stating Vatican released images are fair use.  I'm not an Admin, so will leave it to them to figure that out.  All the images taken out should be restored.  If this continues, an admin should protect the page. -Husnock 04:15, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * There has been one picture released by the Vatican, that we could possiply use under free use. We cannot claim fair use for images from news agencies like Reuters, so images that fit into that category the have to be deleted.--nixie 04:19, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * There are three templates for Roman Catholic images here: Image copyright tags. → Jarlaxle Artemis   04:21, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

By the way, Pope Benedict XVI looks like a mummified version of Pope John Paul II. → Jarlaxle Artemis   04:25, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think i'm alone here, who thinks that Ratzinger looks evil and his features looks bunched together like a prune. Not very benedictine-looking.--Kvasir 05:53, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Heh. While I've always thought Benedict XVI totally had the "evil cardinal" look going on, I'd have to argue that John Paul II looked far more corpsified. Kairos 10:05, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The Vatican should declare war on Italy. → Jarlaxle Artemis   04:28, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * LOL with what? Some 400-men strong Swiss guards? Oh wait, they can always pray for God's miraculous help. --Kvasir 05:51, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Austrian Legion
The Cardinal Ratzinger Fan Club Biography, (Google cache) states:
 * 1944 September: Having reached military age, Ratzinger is released from the Flak and returns home, only to be drafted into labor detail under the infamous Austrian Legion ("fanatical ideologues who tyrannized us without respite").

Can anyone clarify what this Austrian Legion was? — Morning star 04:23, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

It was an Austrian Nazi militia before the Anschluss. Eichman and other later prominent Nazis were members. This is another anti-Ratzinger slander. (I can't believe I am being forced to spend so mucn time defending someone I dislike so much!) Adam 04:31, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Fairness. It is great to find it again! Thanks. Pfortuny as anonymous80.58.23.44 07:31, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

This is a clear falsehood. The Austrian Legion was a PRE-WAR assosciation, and was made up of convicted Party members. At the advent of the Anschluss most members were recruited into the SS. It is impossible for Ratzinger to have served with this unit. --Ansbachdragoner 04:44, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

see how it says "under" not "in"? RFC is a pro-ratzinger site so i doubt they were trying to slander him. One way to read this is that he was supervised "under" by AL members.--Samuel J. Howard 05:11, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

That may be, but it's still impossible. IMO, the article is suspect as the AL no longer existed in September '44.--Ansbachdragoner 05:21, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I don't think the Fan Club site is pro-Ratzinger, it is meant to be satirical. Adam 05:27, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * As a long-time peruser of the site in question, I can definitely attest to the site's genuine admiration for the former cardinal, an admiration I and many other people share. --KJJ 06:13, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

At Last an Image
Since World War III seems to be going on about the Pope's picture, here is one that AT LAST should not ahve a problem with its copyright status.

This image was e-mailed out on the Navy.mil system. It is the photo which will be used by the Catholic Navy Chaplains. As created by the U.S. government, it is public domain. I wont put it into the article until its approved by others since we've had enough of that tonight. -Husnock 04:54, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Who e-mail it? You're sure it was created by the US gov?

 * Beware. The US government often uses texts, images etc. copyrighted by other sources, which it licenses. The mere fact that a photo was posted on a US Government mail system is not a proof that it is public domain as a work of the US government. I actually doubt that the US government had sent civil servants or military personnel just to take a photo of the new Pope; they most probably bought the picture from a press agency. David.Monniaux 11:01, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I raised this issue first in the post above you and I agree to most extents but I'd have to say it's quite easily possible they would have given that Bush is President

Copyvios
Apparently Cantus is insisting on inserting his various AP and Reuters images ripped off from various websites, removing the copyvio tags from those images and then putting them back in the article. Despite messages on the images and on his talk page he isn't discussing them so I encourage their continued removal. They are clear copyright violations. --Wgfinley 03:32, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Quite Annoying Indeed, Ive warned him twice, and fixed it 3 times.Rangeley 03:50, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Ive reported this person on vandalism in progress. The user is also attacking legit images, changing the tags to say that they are the copyright violations.  Hopefully an admin will get involoved.  Ive left plenty of evidence on the vandal-in-progress page. -Husnock 04:03, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I apologize if the picture I put back in of the young Ratzinger is copyrighted. I thought it was taken out as part of the continual editorializing additions.  Tell me if I am wrong, and I will not restore that image. Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 04:17, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Yet another followup to this. A lot of the questionable images had copyright tags changed to Vatican fair use after being questioned as copyright violations from Associated Press and so forth. It looks like users simply removed the copyvio tags (I wont name names). My understanding is that a user simply cannot go into an image or article marked for copyright problems and change it back without discussion or an admin clearning it. Here is an example of what I'm talking about:. My point...Admins need to check these images. A lot of them are very suspicious. -Husnock 05:03, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I think we have a consensus now on the image war. Eventually I would like to see a better fair use or PD photo for the protrait but the credit to AP is proper on the image's page. I'm comfortable with the images in the article now that are Reuters or AP but taken as part of the Vatican pool so therefore we should be able to claim fair use with credit to the proper agency which I have taken care of. --Wgfinley 05:57, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Well, if we do think we should have photos of Ratzinger in his early days, I have done a Google search and found many things. As for his papal photos, I always keep on mentioning is that we should a few days and see what crops up on the Vatican website. However, I do agree that we are in an image war, either against copyright images or vandal images (like the Darth Vader one we saw yesterday). Zscout370 11:03, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Missing text from the announcement
The Cardinal Deacon addressed the crowd as "dear brothers and sisters" in several languages, which was quite moving in bringing home the global nature of the audience. Anyone know the list of languages? Can we put this into the text of the announcement? Thanks -- Chris vLS 05:09, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Google News indicates that the languages were Italian, German, Spanish and English. Can anyone confirm this? Vashti 10:53, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I have just reviewed the tape, the address "Dear brother and sisters" was first in Italian, then Spanish, French, German and English. The rest of the announcement was in Latin. I have added this to the article to reflect this but could someone please provide the Spanish and German text as well? --Kvasir 11:00, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

POV Tag
Okay...why the POV tag? What are the reasons and we can discuss. -Husnock 05:16, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * What POV tag? -anon

Clarification request
This sentence is assumes more knowledge than I think is reasonable:

"His first name was already Joseph and together with Benedict, which he has now assumed, his Christian namesake is now complete."

I don't know what that means. 24.95.150.93 09:13, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Nouvelle Theologie
The theology of von Balthasar, Lubac, etc. is commonly called "nouvelle theologie" in English. There are several things called new theology. Using the french is a way of picking out the right one. Perhaps it should be capitalized. We don't just translate borrowed foreign-originating technical/proper terms though. For instance Landespolizei and Ordnungspolizei, which mean "state police" and "order police". Or Habilitationsschrift, which means "Clothing writing"--Samuel J. Howard 05:56, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Y'know, you ought to start a page on that.   — Rickyrab | Talk 06:05, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Italicising it would probably be proper. WestonWyse 06:14, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Image Vote Called For
Which of these two images do people feel should be at the top of the article? They both now “appear” to be free of copyright infringements. Image:Pope Benedict XVI.jpg Image:Popebenedictxvi firsttimeonthrone.jpg

 * 1) My vote is for the second one.  You can see more of him and he seems to be in a better mood! No changes will be made until opinions are heard to avoid making people upset and causing edit wars -Husnock 06:10, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) The second one as well, even though the pope looks like a dweeb in both pictures, he IS happier on the right-hand side.    — Rickyrab | Talk 06:15, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Second I think it's a better image, hopefully we'll get something out of the Vatican soon that's better than both (there should be an official portrait released).  --Wgfinley 06:16, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) The second.  He seems less constipated.  (Can you say that about the pope?) WestonWyse 06:16, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) [[Image:Palpatine.jpg]] ALL THE WAY! Ok, actually #2 because he looks kinda happy.  Kinda.  I miss John Paul.  :-(
 * The resemblance is disturbing. --Paradigm 10:24, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks all for the calm discussion about this. I switched the photos.  I agree that when the Vatican puts out an official one, that should go in ASAP. -Husnock 07:06, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Even though the dicussion is over, I also agree that the second photo is a better one, since we see more of the outfit the new pope wears and also he looks happier. The first one has him looking cold and stoned. Zscout370 11:06, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

LOL
Other controversial statements included a 1987 statement that Jewish history and scripture reach fulfillment only in Christ – a position critics denounced as "theological anti-Semitism."

A CHRISTIAN believes this!? NO WAY J. Parker Stone 06:29, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The point is that he said Jewish history and Jewish scripture reach fulfillment only in Christianity. That's like telling a Christian that they only reach fulfillment in Shiva, or telling a Muslim that they only reach fulfillment in George W. Bush.  24.18.46.58 07:03, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Except that it's Judeo-Christianity, meaning it has its roots in Judaism, which prophesizes of a coming Messiah. Christians believe that Jesus was that Messiah.
 * There's no such thing as Christian-Hinduism or Islamic Dubyaism. J. Parker Stone 03:23, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't see how that's controversial.... that's Christian doctrine? I mean, Jesus is said to have come to fulfill the word of God...? Thinking your religion is better or builds on Judaism doesn't make you anti-semetic. gren 07:17, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Ok, so it's not the messanger that's the problem, it's the message: the Bible.

Cardinal Lustiger, who is Jewish by birth, has said exactly the same thing. It is standard Catholic (indeed Protestant as well) doctrine. Adam 07:34, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I'd have to agree. The vast majority of monothestic religions including most of Christianity, Judaism and Islam teach that you can only reach salvation through their God (who is the only true God). What does vary and is controversial is what they teach happens to followers of other (false in their belief) God.

 * Actually a large number of denominations within the Abramhamic religions argue that God being worshipped is identical even though the means that other religions have to approaching that God is in error. A lot of ecumenical conversation begins with this belief. 24.206.109.229 16:23, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Tradiationally, Christianity has taught that only you accepted their God, you would always go to hell, later it changed to you will end up in purgratory for ever (unless you were bad enough to go to hell),

 * I don't think this is accurate. There are fundamentalist groups who claim that if you don't accept Christianity, you go to hell, and they claim that their view is rooted more deeply in Christian tradition and that people who believe otherwise are modernists.  This claim is highly debatable.  To get back to this article, it's pretty clear from his writings that Benedict XVI doesn't believe that "all non-Christians go to hell" is indeed a traditional view, and I think that a lot of the controversy about some of what Benedict XVI has written involves people reading in the theology of fundamentalist evengencal Protestants 24.206.109.229 16:23, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

more recently it has changed to you will go to heaven (but still through their God). Islam has always taught that you will be fine provided your a person of the book (i.e. follow Christianity or Judaism), although of course, your still saved through their God. Judaism has taught that they're God's chosen people and hasn't really said much about what happens to non chosen people.

 * Some corrections to the last post. The Christian view (Catholic, Protestant, Eastern Orthodox ) has always been that you are saved by accepting God's grace in faith. The question of what happens to adherents of other religions (first mainly Jews and Muslims) is another problem that required a lot of reflection and different denominations have come up with different solutions. The Catholic view (Catechism 839-856) is that anyone who sincerely responds to God's grace they can be saved, even if they only grasp the truth imperfectly because "insurmountable ignorance" (meaning non-knowledge) keeps them from the fullness of truth as it is represented in the Catholic Church. So adherents of other religions can be saved, but not by their religion, though that may, in varying degrees, some truth. Of course the further any religion strays from the centre, the more difficult it should get. There might be "purgatory" involved (I'm no theologian), but the reference about "purgatory for ever" is self-contradicting. Purgatory is always a tempororay state, since it's aim is to purge, clean the human soul before entry into God's presence (you wouldn't use a washing machine which said: washing time indefinitely). So actually anyone who's in purgatory is saved, but not just yet in heaven. An "eternally lasting purgatory" would be identical to hell, which is basically eternal separation from God.

Str 1977
 * Sorry I got the wrong word, I meant limbo. Your explaination is better then mine but I basically said the same thing. Bear in mind you are only talking about the modern view. The tradiational view is as I said. The first view tended to be that non Christians would end up in hell (n.b. you only had to accept God in the Christian form to be saved, even if you were a raping, torturing, murderer, if you throughly accepted God in the Christian form before you died you would be saved whereas you could have been Mother Theresa but you still would have gone to hell if you didn't accept God in the Christian form. Over time, this change to non-Christians (e.g. babies) would end up in limbo unless they were bad enough to go to hell. Eventually, this change to the common view nowadays which is people are saved.

 * I think you are taken some of the assertions of evengeical protestants at face value. Based on what I've read of him, I suspect that Benedict would argue (and will argue) that its fundamentalists who are "innovators" and that the view that non-Catholics and (and by extension non-Christians) are eligible to be saved is the "traditional" Catholic view.  One thing that Benedict will have to deal with is the movement of Catholics in the third world toward evengical protestantism, and so I suspect that he will talk a lot about how fundamentalist protestants are in error.  24.206.109.229 16:23, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry for stepping in again.
 * 1. Yes this is the modern view but it has roots way back into the middle ages, Thomas Aquinas, and others, when theology widened its scope towards the Muslim world and far-off countries, where people never could be preached the gospel.
 * Limbo is rather a (out-dated) theological theory with regards to children that have died without being baptized. A theory which you need when you try to bring all the faith into one single system without any "holes" in it, as the Scholastics tried to do, using Aristotelian philosophy. Modern theology is more open to leaving questions open (sorry for the wording). Limbo however was never a dogma, never a part of the faith as defined by the church (if it were it could not be dropped again). As I've said, Limbo is rather out-dated. IMO it's problematic as the idea is defined as a "eternal separation from God" (like hell) but without additional punishment, in a way the outskirts of hell, but since the main problem with being in hell is exactly being separated from God, IMO this additional punishment (if there is one) doesn't really make any difference.
 * 2. I strongly have to take exception to your remarks about "raping ...". Some extreme Protestants might agree with that view (though probably only in a hypothetical thought experiment), but it's certainly not the Catholic (or Eastern Orthodox) view. The Church says you can lose the salvation attained by accepting Christ (that's actually one of the main difference between Caths and Prots, particularly Calvinists) - you can lose it by comitting a mortal sin (This is why someone might be denied communion). Then you need to repent of this sin, confess it and do penance in order to obtain absolution. So yes, even a murderer can go to heaven, but only if he repents of his crime.
 * Str 1977

This is an interesting image but I have no idea what the Vatican's copyright law is. Adam 07:53, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It doesn't matter what the Vatican's copyright law is. The fact that it the Vatican owns the copyright means that in the local copyright law applies. So for example, if someone in the US were to illegally publish it, the Vatican could sue this person in the US and US laws would apply even if Vatican laws say the crime would be forgiven if the person goes to confession and does penetance. What is more important is Vatican copyright policy and it has been said by someone that Vaticans do reserve the copyrights on all their works. However, if you were to e-mail them, you might be able to get permission and it would be my recommendation.

There are alternative possible reasons for this name, Benedictus. The less realistic but the more interesting is that Benedictus is one of the saint wich should protect Europe, and this name could be a peek at the borning new europe whose Constitution does not talk about christian (or jewish or islamic) origins.

The other one, probably the most realistic one, is that Benedictus is the first name "available". He could not take John Paul III since he was too great, John XXIV since he was too revolutionary, Pio XIII since he was the WWII pope and the hebrew omunity had issues with him, then you have another Pio and then you have Benedictus.

 * There's also Benedict of Nursia, cited by many news as the probable source of his choice. -- 09:18, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Agreed on the "available" name thing, not that this speculation would have a place in the article. We've seen emphatically how controversial Benedict's relation to the Third Reich (whatever it is) can be; the last thing he needed was to recall Pius XII and make it even worse. Some other man might have gotten away with it (barely), but clearly Cardinal Ratzinger could not. -- 11:28 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Why isn't Paul VII available? Paul VI was also the man who made Ratzinger a cardinal, so it would make sense on that level, too. john k 14:00, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Yet another Hitler Reference
Though it is in the form of a cartoon, I think yall should look at it. Zscout370 12:20, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

First German Pope since 1523
This has created a fantastic debate about whether Pope Adrian VI can be considered the last German pope before Benedict XVI, or if it was Victor II from the 11th century as many news sources are claiming. Since it has to do with whether Adrian VI was Dutch or German (or both), I'd love to see anyone interested in the debate continue it on the Pope Adrian VI talk page, since it will get lost in the archives here. -Eisnel 03:55, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Who knows how long an individual will live, but, the average age of death for a pope in the last 250-years (17 previous popes since 1750) is 78 years, 123 days. Benedict XVI is 78 years, 3 days old on April 19, 2005. Reubenbarton 08:50, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

We shouldn't use the word "German" for anything dating from before 1871, as it can be quite controversial. The word "German" had a broader meaning before 1871, but since 1871 it really refers only to the modern German state. In Germany, people who call "Deutsch" the Austrians, Swiss, or, for that matter, the Dutch people, are connoted as being in favor of a "Großdeutschland". The idea of a Großdeutschland was definetly discarded with the creation of a small German Reich by Bismarck in 1871 (small because not including Austria or the German-speaking part of Switzerland), and it was only the Nazi who briefly revived the idea of a Großdeutschland. So let's not use the word German unduly. On the other hand, we could use the word "Germanic", which is perfectly neutral, and applies totally to the Netherlands. Be also aware that if you say that Benedict XVI is the eight German pope, that means you count Stephen X (1057-1058) as German. Stephen X was the son of Gozelon (aka Gothelo), of the House of Ardennes, who ruled the county of Verdun, as well as other nearby areas, essentially Romance speaking areas. So calling Stephen X German is perhaps even more controversial than saying Adrian VI was German. Saying Stephen X had Germanic heritage, on the other hand, is ok, as he was desceding from Frankish/Germanic ancestors, like most of the dukes and counts of France, and was blood related to both the Capetian Kings of France and the Ottonian Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire.

That's why I propose the following wording: "Benedict XVI is the first pope born within the current borders of Germany since Victor II (1055-1057), and the first pope with Germanic heritage since Adrian VI (1522-1523), who was born in what is now the Netherlands. Pope Benedict XVI is the eigth pope with Germanic heritage." I think this sounds as neutral as we can do. Please let me know what you think. Hardouin 12:50, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

This is silly - while I agree that use of "German" can be awkward for earlier time periods, your suggestion would mean that we can't call, say, Goethe, a German. A rule which produces absurd results is clearly not a good rule. As to "Germanic heritage," that's also deeply problematic - many of the French and Italian popes will have had Frankish, Norman, or Lombard blood. john k 13:34, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Goethe was born and lived within the current borders of Germany. That's quite different from Adrian VI and Stephen X. Besides, I am not proposing a "rule" as you call it, I am proposing a rewording of the article, so please comment the rewording I proposed. Hardouin 14:27, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

''Goethe was born and lived within the current borders of Germany. That's quite different from Adrian VI and Stephen X'' - well, what about Kant? ;-) a German philosopher, but born and lived in Königsberg, now in Russia, not within the current borders of Germany. Anyway, I think that your proposed rewording is good and clear and everyone should be able to live with it :-). Gestumblindi (currently not at my own PC and not logged in)

Perhaps this page should be locked for awhile...
Due to the fairly constant and persistent vandalism and obviously rather fervent disputes regarding some aspects of Benedict16's biography and character, perhaps this page should be locked for a few days. Once this item is out of the news for a bit, the chaos here will probably die out some.
 * We had the page locked before, but once it was, people came straight to here and complained about it being locked. Since it is on the main page, admins locked it before, as with other things on the main page. I will try to put a request on the Protection Page and use the reasoning I used above. Also, once again please sign all posts using four tildes ~ or press the signature button (next to last button on the right, between the Nowiki and the line button). Zscout370 13:28, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I think it is a good idea to never lock pages dominating the news. This was tried at John Paul II, and because it was unlocked again the article was transformed because of the then interest in him. The same is the case for Benedict II, and would be so for anyone in the news in a major way. vandalism can be watched. the reality is there were editors who locked locked it and then comntinued to work on it themselves. if they lock it again I will investigate and bring to the appropriate authorities this flagrant abuse of admin power, --SqueakBox 16:25, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * One problem with a lock right now: since the page is a current event item, it needs constant updates as events unfold. If it's locked, admins are not supposed to edit its content at all. So in this case, if it's locked and something changes, admins will be tempted to edit it while locked in order to keep it current, and that goes against Wikipedia policy and spirit. This is from the Protection_policy page: "When a page is particularly high profile, either because it's linked off the main page, or because it's recently receieved a prominent link from offsite, it will often become a target for vandalism. It is best not to protect pages in this case. Instead consider adding them to your watchlist, and reverting vandalism yourself." Granted, the high visibility of this page has attracted lots of vandals, but it's also attracted lots of Wikipedians who have taken up the call to defend its integrity. -Eisnel 16:25, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I concur with Eisnel. Thanks to the efforts of people like me the page is in better condition than if it was still locked from yesterday. Vandalism is a problem throughout wikipedia, and we must be vigilant. The lockers may think they are doing catholicism, etc, a favour in locking, but they are actually doing a disservice, --SqueakBox 16:31, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

Latin name
Can someone verify the Latin name "Benedictus" ? I also thought it was that but on http://www.vatican.va/, it's spelled "Benedictum". --Procule 13:44, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The Latin name is Benedictus, but Latin is an inflected language and the form of the name varies according to case. Benedictus is the nominative case and Benedictum is the accusative case. Adam 13:48, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism
To be honest, the vandalism which is going on here is distracting and probably concealing vandalism taking place on other pages throughout the Wikipedia project due to the attention diverted to keeping *this* article relatively stable.

Rather than just doing the temporary-lock-and-release routine which was trying to control damage yesterday, I think the admins might want to block edits by identified vandals on this page or *anywhere* on the Wikipedia subject to review and removal of ban when and if circumstances justify restoration of editing rights. Whig 15:04, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

killed in action?
under "Early life": "In 1943, at the age of 16, he and many of his classmates were drafted into the Flak or anti-aircraft corps, he was killed in action." --Cdamian 15:05, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

BMW slave labour
Someone keeps removing the Dachau reference from this sentence, under "early life":

"They were posted first to Ludwigsfeld, north of Munich, as part of a detachment responsible for guarding a BMW aircraft engine plant that used slave labour from the Dachau concentration camp."

That BMW used slave labour from Dachau is a perfectly legitimate historical point. It is a different issue from calling Ratzinger an outright Nazi. If the plant is mentioned without a reference to its use of slave labour, readers will not be aware of exactly what Ratzinger was guarding. Please don't sanitize the history of this period.

 * Every German industrial plant used slave labor during World War II. Unless it is specifically relevant to Ratzinger in some way, I don't see why it should be in the article. john k 15:48, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The name of the industrial concern "BMW" is specified. I am unsure how that is specifically relevant to Ratzinger.  So, why don't we remove all details and context.  Does that make better history, M. Kenney? Dickumbrage 16:06, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * And at least the possibility that Ratzinger might have been aware that he was guarding a plant that used slave labour is relevant, given the moral gravity accorded to the position of pope. The initial edit, by the way, merely mentioned BMW, not that the plant made aircraft engines. Which of these two is most relevant? Perhaps it's also a given that all BMW plants made military parts. Nevertheless, some readers might assume he was merely guarding a car factory. I agree with Dick Umbrage: if we remove the reference to Dachau, why not also BMW? Or perhaps even his work as a guard? --Bwventril 16:32, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The vandalism is useless

 * This is not a discussion page on the Pope. You might easily find discussion boards to voice your opinion. -- KTC 16:51, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pope Benedict XVI/Archive 3


text:
Office of Technical Service

The Office of Technical Service (OTS; formerly known as the Technical Services Division (TSD) and Technical Services Staff (TSS)) is a component of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, responsible for supporting CIA's clandestine operations with gadgets, disguises, forgeries, secret writings, and weapons. The OTS traces its history to October 1942, when OSS director William J. Donovan created the OSS Research and Development Branch, a technical group tasked with creating "dirty tricks and deadly weapons" to combat the US's World War II enemies. Donovan named Cornell University-trained chemist and executive Stanley Platt Lovell as the branch's first head, a man whom the CIA remembers as the "founding father" of the OTS. In the 1950s and early 1960s it also researched, investigated, and experimented with the use of drugs, chemicals, hypnosis, and isolation to extract information during interrogation, as well as to make it easier for American captives to resist interrogation. OTS is part of CIA's Directorate of Science and Technology.

Many film makers have been inspired by OTS, although the information around it is kept highly secret, with only dated projects being revealed and much left it up to interpretation.

title: Office of Technical Service


text: Template:Badminton at the Summer Olympics


text:
Caraquet (electoral district)

Caraquet is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It was created in 1973 from Gloucester. The riding is centred on the town of Caraquet, extending west to Grande-Anse, New Brunswick and Saint-Léolin, New Brunswick and south to Hautes-Terres, New Brunswick.

title: Caraquet (electoral district)


text:
Brides of Destruction

Brides of Destruction was an American hard rock supergroup from Los Angeles, California, formed in 2002. The band's last lineup consisted of singer London LeGrand (vocals), Tracii Guns (lead guitar) and Scot Coogan (drums, percussion). Previous members of the band were Nikki Sixx (bass), Kris Kohls (drums), Adam Hamilton (keyboard), John Corabi (rhythm guitar), Scott Sorry (bass) and Ginger (rhythm guitar).

Nikki Sixx formed Brides of Destruction with L.A. Guns guitarist Tracii Guns, initially with the name Cockstar, after Mötley Crüe went on hiatus in 2001. Added to the lineup were Adema drummer Kris Kohls, L.A. Guns bassist Adam Hamilton, who played keyboard in the band, and singer London LeGrand. Hamilton was soon replaced by former Mötley Crüe singer and guitarist John Corabi while Guns left L.A. Guns to focus on the band. They briefly adopted the moniker Motordog before settling on Brides of Destruction before recording demos. The name was suggested to Sixx by industry friend and photographer, Dano Panariello. By 2003, both Corabi and Kohls departed the band, with former Annetenna and Ednaswap Scot Coogan replacing Kohls.

Sixx returned to Mötley Crüe for a reunion tour in 2005 with Brides of Destruction to be put on hiatus. However, the band continued with former Amen bassist Scott Sorry replacing Sixx while Ginger, of The Wildhearts, was added as the band's second guitarist. Ginger's tenure with the band last for over two months while Sorry departed the group prior to their European tour.

Following the formation of The Tracii Guns Band (which later became the second L.A. Guns ), Brides of Destruction disbanded in 2006. To date, Brides of Destruction have released two studio albums; Here Come the Brides (2004) and Runaway Brides (2005).

Formation and Here Come the Brides (2002–2004)
When Mötley Crüe went on hiatus in 2001, Nikki Sixx began working on a new project with L.A. Guns guitarist Tracii Guns, under the name Cockstar, in  Los Angeles, California, in 2002. Initially, it was rumored that Sixx was working with friend and former Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash as well as Josh Todd of Buckcherry. However, Sixx stated that, while he and Slash had considered working together, they had different ideas for a band:

'Well, Slash and I are friends and we had talked. We'd considered doing this project together, but he had a different vision for what he wanted to do. He really wanted to work with Duff [McKagan], Izzy [Stradlin] and Matt [Sorum], and that's very comfortable to him. That's important. So, that didn't happen with us, but then Brides of Destruction happened, obviously, with Tracii and I think it's good. I kind of like to think that it's a real healthy competitiveness.'

They soon added singer London LeGrand, Adema drummer Kris Kohls and L.A. Guns bassist Adam Hamilton, as keyboardist, to the band while former Beautiful Creatures guitarist DJ Ashba was invited to join. However, Ashba declined to focus on his own solo project. Hamilton soon left and was replaced by former Mötley Crüe singer and guitarist John Corabi, added as the band's second guitarist, while Guns left L.A. Guns to focus on Cockstar. They were advised by radio programmers that the name Cockstar wouldn't be announced on air, briefly using the moniker Motordog. They soon adopted Brides of Destruction, suggested by a radio industry friend of Sixx, photographer Dano Panariello with Sixx stating that "[i]t sounds a little bit different. It kinda makes sense, it kinda doesn't make sense. Kinda like [the band]." They soon recorded and demoed new material.

Kohls departed the band towards and the end of the year and was replaced by Ednaswap and Annetenna drummer Scot Coogan. The band played their first show opening for Mudvayne and Taproot on December 14, 2002 at the Ventura Theatre in California. In 2003, Corabi also left the band In a 2005 interview, Corabi cited some tension with Guns and little writing input contributing to his decision to leave:

'To be perfectly honest with you, I get along with Nikki [Sixx] splendidly, but when I left the band I told Nikki that there was gonna be some egos involved, I don't wanna say who, but I just said there's a member in this band that I just do not get along with, that I do not write well with. First of all they basically told me that they don't need me to write at all, so I was like I'm not into that situation, and I told Nikki "Dude, I love you to death. I known that you and I can write a great record and so I'm out.". And as it turned out he just sent Bruce [Kulick] an email like a week ago and said "Tell Corabi I'm really sorry about the Brides of Destruction thing and he was right." Because Nikki is having an issue now with the person that I was having an issue with… So we'll just leave it at that.'

Brides of Destruction remained largely inactive throughout 2003 before recording their debut album with producer Stevo Bruno. The album featured additional guitars by Corabi, recorded prior to his departure, as well as additional drums by Kohls. James Michael, Justin Nichols and Kevin Kadish all have co-writing credits while the album was mixed by Steve Thompson. With only a label for a Japanese release, Universal Records, the band were on the verge of disbanding. However, they soon signed a deal with Sanctuary Records, with their album released in Japan in December of the same year.

Here Come the Brides was released on March 9, 2004 in the US peaking at number 92 on both the Billboard 200 and Top Internet Albums chart. Here Come the Brides sold 13,000 copies in the first week while "Shut the Fuck Up" was chosen as the first single. The album received generally positive reviews with Johnny Loftus, of AllMusic describing the album as "[b]y-the-numbers Los Angeles metal with slight post-grunge updates" and that the "collaboration between Sixx and Guns should make Here Come the Brides noteworthy to their fans."

A summer tour of the US, Europe, including an appearance at Download Festival in the United Kingdom and Australia followed.

Nikki Sixx departs, Runaway Brides and Hiatus (2004–2006)
Sixx soon announced that he was to return to Mötley Crüe for a reunion tour with Brides of Destruction to go on hiatus. Guns, initially, was going to form a new band with his remaining bandmates, while he also offered his services to Axl Rose in a bid to re-join Guns N' Roses. However, by 2005, Guns decided to continue without Sixx, adding former Amen bassist Scott Sorry as his replacement while Ginger, of The Wildhearts, was added as the band's second guitarist. They soon began writing new material. However, Ginger soon departed the band:

'When I realized that I wasn't gonna really be able to put 100 percent into that, I figured it would be fair to tell them sooner rather than later that I wasn't gonna be able to do it. I don't believe in messing people about, so I told the guys. I mean, they were gonna get me a work visa, and they were gonna pay me for shows and stuff… I just figured I'm not gonna take a penny if I'm not gonna last the duration — I believe in being straight with people. . . It's important to salvage friendships, especially in the face of adversity in the shape of money and music — I don't wanna lose friendships because of money or music. So I decided that I'd rather be these guys' friend forever than start an album that I wasn't gonna finish, or start a tour that I wasn't gonna finish [...] This is as fair as it could possibly be. And bad news isn't gonna feel good whenever you find it out, so it's best to find it out sooner rather than later.'

Brides of Destruction recorded their second album, with the tentative title of 13 Acres, with producer Andy Johns. Former members Nikki Sixx and Ginger have co-writing credits on the album while Guns also co-produced the album. They soon signed a deal with Shrapnel Records releasing Runaway Brides on September 13 in Europe and September 27 in the US. The album included the song "Dimes in Heaven" which was written as a tribute to recently deceased Pantera and Damageplan guitarist Dimebag Darrell.

The band toured in support, including a tour of Europe. Prior to the tour of Europe, Sorry departed the band with Jeremy Guns added to the touring lineup. Following the tour, Guns put Brides of Destruction on hiatus, going on to have a brief stint in Quiet Riot before forming The Tracii Guns Band (which later became the second L.A. Guns ).

Post-hiatus (2006–present)
In the years following the hiatus. LeGrand formed Souls of We with George Lynch, releasing the album Let the Truth Be Known in 2008. He also formed side-project Rockstars on Mars. In an Interview on November 24, 2008, LeGrand admitted he would like to see a Brides of Destruction reunion, but with Nikki Sixx back in the band:

'It would be amazing. I don't know. In order to really give 110% to the fans, and they deserve it, we would need to have Nikki in the band. He is a huge part of the group. I think Nikki feels the same way. All of us from those days have had time to think. We realize that we were at different parts of our lives and that isn't who we necessarily are now. Maybe it makes us realize how much we should have appreciated it. I know that if the Brides got together at this point in my life we would have been a closer band. The communication would also have been better. The songs would have been a lot better. I would love for it to get back together. I am not sure it will, but I know that my phone number is the same and if anyone wants to give me a call, I would love to hear their voice.'

LeGrand also made a guest appearance on The 69 Eyes album Back in Blood released August 28, 2009.

Former bass player Scott Sorry joined former bandmate Ginger in new lineup of The Wildhearts in 2007 while he formed Sorry and the Sinatras, with members of Trashlight Vision, in 2008. They released their debut album Highball Roller on May 11, 2009.

In a 2016 interview with KNAC, Tracii Guns stated that if the band had put out a second a single and Sixx was still a member, Brides of Destruction would have had a "fair chance" in the music industry.

Scot Coogan toured with Stephen Pearcy in Rat Bastards while he also performs in a Led Zeppelin and The Beatles cover band Six Foot Nurse. In 2007, he joined Ace Frehley's touring band while he also recorded drums on Frehley's solo album Anomaly, released in 2009. In 2008 he toured Australia as the drummer for Lynch Mob.

Tracii Guns' L.A. Guns signed a deal with Steve Vai's label, Favored Nations, for a "Deluxe Reissue" of Shrinking Violet, released in Summer 2010.

In 2016, LeGrand launched a new band named 'Brides of Destruction Göteborg'.

Discography

 * Here Come the Brides (2004)
 * Runaway Brides (2005)

Members

 * Tracii Guns – lead guitar, backing vocals (2002–2006), rhythm guitar (2003–2005, 2005–2006)
 * London LeGrand – lead vocals (2002–2006)
 * Nikki Sixx – bass guitar, backing vocals (2002–2004)
 * Kris Kohls – drums (2002)
 * Adam Hamilton – keyboards, rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2002)
 * John Corabi – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2002–2003)
 * Scot Coogan – drums, backing vocals (2003–2006), lead vocals (2003)
 * Scott Sorry – bass guitar, backing vocals (2005)
 * Ginger – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2005)
 * Jeremy Guns – bass guitar (2005, touring)

title: Brides of Destruction


text:
Badminton at the 1992 Summer Olympics

Badminton had its debut as an official medal sport at the 1992 Summer Olympics. It was held from 28 July to 4 August 1992. Four events were held in the first competition of the sport: men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles, and women's doubles. Badminton was contested in the Pavelló de la Mar Bella. 36 nations entered competitors, with a total of 177 entrants. Asian nations won fifteen of the sixteen medals, with their dominance being broken only by Denmark's bronze medal in the men's singles.

The tournament was single-elimination. Matches consisted of three sets, with sets being to 15 except in women's singles, where sets were to 11. No playoffs were contested for semi-final losers, meaning that two bronze medals were awarded in each event. Similarly, all four players/pairs defeated in the quarterfinals for each event were awarded fifth place.

Medal table
In 1992, there were no bronze medal matches to decide 3rd and 4th place. Both semifinal losers won bronze medals.

Men's singles
The men's singles resulted in the only non-Asian medallist, Thomas Stuer-Lauridsen of Denmark. 57 players from 32 nations competed in men's singles.

Women's singles
The winner of the women's singles competition received the first official badminton medal in Olympic history. It was also the first gold medal for Indonesia, which before had only won one silver (in archery). 52 players from 27 nations competed in women's singles.

Men's doubles
Malaysia won its first Olympic medal in the men's doubles competitions in badminton. 30 pairs from 21 nations competed in men's doubles.

Women's doubles
29 pairs from 20 nations competed in women's doubles.

Participation
A total of 177 badminton players from 36 Olympic Committees (NOCs) from the five Continental Confederations will participate at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

Participating nations
Below is the list of NOCs participants in badminton competition at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

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title: Badminton at the 1992 Summer Olympics


text:
Fundy Isles

Fundy Isles (Îles-de-Fundy) was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada.

It was created in 1994 from Charlotte West and Charlotte-Fundy and was dissolved in 2006 into Charlotte-The Isles and Charlotte-Campobello.

title: Fundy Isles


text:
Shiv–Hari

Shiv-Hari refers to the Indian music director duo of Shivkumar Sharma, a Santoor player, and Hariprasad Chaurasia, a flutist. The duo has worked on Indian classical music pieces as well as Indian movie scores.

Career
As early as 1967, Shiv-Hari went on to record the album titled Call of the Valley. With the active participation of guitarist Brij Bhushan Kabra and the unusual way in which this Indian classical music album was organized, the result was a fresh, edgy, and slightly controversial form of music. The innovative use of the guitar on the album made it popular among people from Western countries. It is still one of the most successful albums of Indian classical music ever recorded.

This marked the beginning of the partnership and numerous live outings followed over the years. As a nod to the 1967 concept album, the duo released a live album The Valley Recalls in 1996.

On 10 May 2022, Shivkumar Sharma died due to cardiac arrest. He was 84 years old.

Discography
Although they mostly embarked on solo projects at different points of their respective careers, Shiv-Hari teamed up again for eight Hindi-language movies in total.

 * Silsila (1981)
 * Faasle (1985)
 * Vijay (1988)
 * Chandni (1989)
 * Lamhe (1991)
 * Parampara (1993)
 * Sahibaan (1993)
 * Darr (1993)

Nominations

 * Filmfare Award for Best Music Director :
 * Silsila (1981)
 * Chandni (1989)
 * Lamhe (1991)
 * Darr (1993)

Recent activities
Shiv-Hari have been performed many live program together. They toured multiple locations such as London and Singapore in 2011. Santoor maestro Pandit Shivkumar Sharma died on May 10 at the age of 84.

title: Shiv–Hari


text:
Woodstock (electoral district)

Woodstock was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada.

title: Woodstock (electoral district)