text:
Talk:Spartakus and the Sun Beneath the Sea

Episode order
The order of the episodes is inconsistent with the list on the French version of the page, which is the order found on French and Norwegian DVD releases. The list on this page seems to be in "the original French airing order" as given on The Lost Archives of Arkadia. Does anyone know which one is the correct, intended order, and if either the order aired on TV or the order on the DVD releases are incorrect? If not, we should figure out and make note of it. - Snarkibartfast (talk) 12:18, 26 December 2008 (UTC)

seen
I've been watching the French language version of this show on Youtube. Gringo300 13:42, 22 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I used to love this show. Didn't understand a word though, they only aired the original French version in Norway (subbed so I could still follow the plot), but translated the title (wich I also forgot) so I had no clue was it was realy called. Just vaguely remembered something about "shag", so after googeling for info for a "nostalgia" thread on a forum I eventualy ended up here don't you know :D. Too bad I remember less about it than what is already here, this show deserve a good article, but I can't be of much help. --Sherool 20:52, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

I remember seeing commercials/previews for the show on Nickolodeon in 1988, but could never find it on a tv schedule then or ever catch it earlier or later than what the TV schedules covered, But if they didn't still have it on then, why would they have continued advertising it? Gringo300 01:06, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

I believe the reason,why Minimax does not consider buying the second series is,that the first series seemingly concludes it all and there are no loose ties left (if youre not a pedant),so rather then having to order,pay and dub another 26 episodes,they will just say that it's over and that's it.(I hate TV politics) New Babylon

---

I think it's worthe mentioning that Les Mondes Engloutis is one of the very rare fantasy animations where the main characters are dark-skinned. I know that the show has aired in Madagascar and probably other parts of french-speaking Africa, perhaps this has helped their popularity there? Vintermann 05:54, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I dont know about that,we do see a black character and his apearence is rather different,so I dont know if you can say that the skins black(not that I have anything against it).

New Babylon

Copyright alert
The last synopsis that was replaced has two problems in my opinion: 1. It is now not a synopsis but a detailed storyline of the episodes. A synopsis is something much shorter and does not have so many not-too-relevant parts. 2. This text was as a whole written by the owner of The Lost Archives of Arcadia website. Thus it raises copyright problems. -- AdamDobay 20:36, 13 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Swiped from here, so I reverted. --badlydrawnjeff 20:52, 13 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for that. AdamDobay 22:22, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

Et in arcadia ego?
Could it be that there is a hidden meaning to the cartoon, based on "Et in arcadia ego" theme found?

There is a land called Arcadia that lies near an underground river. I don't remember the episodes of the series but it seems rather interesting from another scope.

does anyone knows how the greek version can be found? --Lucinos 11:16, 9 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Fansubbers! We need fansubs for the other languages! The torrent is out there...

I don´t think so... "Et in Arcadia Ego" means something like "even in Arcadia, I am", aluding to Death. Besides the use of the land "Arcadia" I don´t think there´s any relation between this phrase an the series. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.22.84.180 (talk) 18:43, 11 January 2008 (UTC)

Wikipedia search difficulties
I found it hard to find this article. Searching on the title in all lowercase letters turns up no results. I was eventually able to find it via the disambiguation link for Spartacus after searching on Spartakus. --HunterZ 00:03, 25 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I searched it using the French wikipedia for "Les mondes Engloutis" and then simply used the "English" version.

Menudo
WTH? I watched the Latin American version of the entire series on TV in my country (Venezuela) at least 5 times, and there was no Menudo (Yuck!) song in the second season! The opening and ending had the same song all the time.

==I'm jealous at how fortunate you are to watch the whole series, un-defiled at it's best English representation.

Where is Venezuela, by the way?

~Phillip775

==Ahh, now I know where it is.

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Thank you, BetacommandBot
For destroying this article. Now none of the protagonists who apear in every single episode has a picture or group shot. I "love" the logic of these "things made for masive use" sometimes .(And yes, I know it's a bot) --New Babylon 2 (talk) 09:28, 20 June 2009 (UTC)

Onigiri=Rice Ball
The name of the Japanese translation of the show is wrong. I don't know if there was a Japanese version or not, but the listed title, Onigiri Arcadia Monogatari, is the name of a live-action movie and about rice-making (click the link). 3 March 2011 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 221.248.196.247 (talk) 01:41, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

Wordplay on Seskapile
The explanation of the name Seskapile as a wordplay on "16K pile" seems dubious to me. "Sex-appeal" is a commonly used expression in french and a much more likely explanation. 213.162.22.228 (talk) 10:51, 21 July 2013 (UTC)

Similarities to The Matrix uncanny
If you really think about this, the similarities to the Matrix is kind of obvious. In both shows, there's a humanity-destroying event (enslavement by the machines vs. The Cataclysm), forcing a small group of survivors to fly around under the earth in a hovercraft (Nebuchadnezzar vs. Terrig) while being constantly harassed by an enemy (sentinels vs. pirates). There's a remaining human population (Zion vs. Aracadia) living deep within the earth, and a protagonist groomed (or created) with special abilities (Neo vs. Arkana) to save the remainder of humanity. There's a limited amount of time to save the remaining human population (discovery of mainframe code vs. exhaustion of the sun). Too much similarities to be a coincidence, and I could easily cite a dozen other similarities without much effort.24.51.217.118 (talk) 12:33, 11 January 2016 (UTC)

Official Whole English dub (remastered in 2020) is airing for the next three months on Australian streaming service SBS On Demand, notable since full English dubs were considered lost
The series has been found, remastered and officially released.

One discrepancy has arisen. The current wiki article mentions Season 2 Episode 18 as "Rainbow's End" which the Lost Media Wiki considered lost as far as the dub is concerned.

However, according to the episodes currently available online, Season 2 Episode 18's English Title is "The Brothers Barkar".

The episode does feature Spartakus' brother Rainbow, so "Rainbow's End" might have been a pun title they were working with until they realised it's kinda spoilery?

That update then presumably never made it to episode guides and the episodes themselves in English have been so rare that it remained unknown for years. 122.108.41.249 (talk) 10:20, 17 October 2022 (UTC)


text:
Burnet Park

Burnet Park is the largest park in Syracuse, New York, USA, covering an area of 88 acre. It is located on the west end of the city, in the Far Westside in a neighborhood called Tipperary Hill.

History
Burnet Park is located on the Far Westside in Tipperary Hill and is bounded by Coleridge Avenue on the north, South Avery Avenue on the west, South Wilbur Avenue on the east and Grand Avenue on the south.

Geddes annexation

When the village of Geddes joined the city in 1886, Major John P. Burnet, who owned a large farm on Tipperary Hill, donated a 100 acre hill top plot to Syracuse now known as Burnet Park for use as a city park. The property was donated with the condition that the city spend $6,000 to build roads and plant trees.

A year later, Burnet was satisfied with the city's efforts, and thus, in 1887, gave the city an additional plot of land, known as the Oak Grove, which is still full of oak trees, on the corner of South Avery Avenue and Whittier Avenue.

Burnet Park extension
In 1890, Burnet subdivided the remainder of his farm south of the park into residential lots and called the development the Burnet Park Extension. The plans for the "extension" were drawn up by native Syracusian architect Charles Colson, who also designed Syracuse's new City Hall which opened in 1892. The extensions' streets reportedly were named by a state worker from Binghamton.The subdivision offered 100 lots and advertised the close proximity of Burnet Park as one of the main amenities. It was advertised by Burnet & Westcott, of 10 Snow Building in Syracuse as "the most beautiful building lots for residences in the city of Syracuse."

Park facilities
The park affords residents from the local area the ability to participate in many activities. The facilities at the park include: three softball fields, a basketball court, an outdoor racquetball court, two tennis courts, a 50 m swimming pool, a nine-hole par-three golf course, and the Rosamond Gifford Zoo. Most of the park is free to the public, excepting the golf course and zoo.

Golf course
The Burnet Park golf course is one of the oldest in the country, having been constructed in 1901.

The golf course is located at the corner of Avery and Coleridge Avenues. It is located at the city's highest point of elevation.

The first hole features the country's only “shamrock” shaped bunker. The course has undergone several changes since it opened over 100 years ago. The latest upgrade occurred in 1988 when a complete renovation took place.

Burnet zoo
The Rosamond Gifford Zoo is a zoo in Syracuse located in Burnet Park. During the early years, the zoo was owned and operated by Syracuse, however, it is now owned and operated by Onondaga County Parks.

The zoo is home to nearly 1,000 animals on 43 acre. Some of the more popular animals include Asian elephants, Humboldt penguins, Amur tigers and African lions. The zoo also houses a conservation, education center, Jungle Cafe and gift shop.

George Washington Memorial forest
In July 1935, the local newspaper reported that the George Washington Memorial Forest, which comprised several thousand evergreens along the southern border of Burnet Park at Grand Avenue, would afford nursery stock for park use over the years as the growth was thinned. At that time, the trees were between one and two feet in height.

It was estimated that it would take 30 or 40 years (1965–1975) before the saplings formed a wooded area. The trees were donated to the city by New York State through the Experimental Station of the College of Agriculture. By the mid-1960s, the forest had grown, as estimated, to a full stand.

The forest is located south of the golf course on the southern border of the park on Grand Avenue.

Summer sports

The park is filled with activity no matter the season. In the summer months there are activities such as softball games, golf and swimming. Local residents use the park for bicycling, jogging and walking. On windy days, a good place to fly a kite is the local Lover's Lane on the western edge of the park, atop a hill next to South Avery Avenue.

The handball courts were built in the early 1970s and have been a popular activity for many years. The picnic grounds located in Oak Grove on the northwest corner of the park were a good place for family get-together's.

Winter sports
Buffalo Hill has always been a favorite spot for winter sports enthusiasts to use their sleds and toboggans. By January 1917, sledding and skiing were favorite pastimes and the hill was called The Little Alps.

Ice-skating was also a popular choice of activity throughout the years. The ice-skating rink was constructed in January each year. A small snowplow would form a circle with tall snowbanks around the edge and park staff would use a fire hose to fill the pad with several inches of water. The process would take 24 hours until the ice finally froze. During the mid-1960s, the city built a plumbed outdoor ice-skating rink next to the clubhouse facility. The rink is now defunct and was closed in 2003 due to the opening of a new ice-skating rink in the downtown area.

The old rink at Burnet Park is still used for broomball and roller hockey in the summer months, but is closed to the general public.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Burnet Park


text:
User:Improvidence

Improvidence

A contraction.

From improv and providence. The name is intended to reflect the dominion of the art of improvisation in the author's life. It has nothing to do with God and less to do with Rhode Island, though I'm not against either of those.

title: User:Improvidence


text:
Tamil calendar

The Tamil calendar (தமிழ் நாட்காட்டி) is a sidereal solar calendar used by the Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. It is also used in Puducherry, and by the Tamil population in Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, Myanmar and Mauritius.

It is used in contemporary times for cultural, religious and agricultural events, with the Gregorian calendar largely used for official purposes both within and outside India. The Tamil calendar is based on the classical Hindu solar calendar also used in Assam, West Bengal, Kerala, Manipur, Nepal, Odisha, Rajasthan, and Punjab,India .

Description
The calendar follows a 60-year cycle that is also very ancient and is observed by most traditional calendars of India and China. This is related to 5 12-year revolutions of Jupiter around the Sun and one that adds up to 60 years and the orbit of Nakshatras (stars) as described in the Surya Siddhanta.

In the Gregorian year 2024, the Tamil year starts on 14 April 2024, Kaliyuga. The Vikrama and Shalivahana (Saka) eras are also used. There are several references in early Tamil literature to the new year. Nakkeerar, Sangam period author of the Neṭunalvāṭai, wrote in the third century CE that the Sun travels each year from Mesha/Chittirai in mid-April through 11 successive signs of the zodiac. Kūdalūr Kiḻar in the third century CE refers to Mesha Rāsi/Chittirai i.e. mid-April as the commencement of the year in the Puṟanāṉūṟu. The Tolkappiyam is the oldest surviving Tamil grammar text that divides the year into six seasons where Chihthirrai i.e. mid-April marks the start of the Ilavenil season or Summer. The 5th century Silappadhigaaram mentions the 12 rāsigal or zodiac signs that correspond to the Tamil months starting with Mesha/Chittirai in mid-April. The Manimekalai alludes to this very same Hindu solar calendar as we know it today Adiyarkunalaar, an early medieval commentator or Urai-asiriyar mentions the twelve months of the Tamil calendar with particular reference to Chittirai i.e. mid-April. There were subsequent inscriptional references in Pagan, Burma dated to the 11th century CE and in Sukhothai, Thailand dated to the 14th century CE to South Indian, often Vaishnavite, courtiers who were tasked with defining the traditional calendar that began in mid-April.

The Tamil New Year follows the nirayanam vernal equinox and generally falls on 14 April of the Gregorian year. 14 April marks the first day of the traditional Tamil calendar and is a public holiday in the state of Tamil Nadu, Sri Lanka and Mauritius. Tropical vernal equinox fall around 22 March, and by adding 23 degrees of trepidation (oscillation) to it, we get the Hindu sidereal or Nirayana Mesha Sankranti (Sun's transition into nirayana Aries). Hence, the Tamil calendar begins on the same date in April which is observed by most traditional calendars of the rest of India – Assam, Bengal, Kerala, Odisha, Manipur, Punjab etc. This also coincides with the traditional new year in Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Thailand.

Week
The days of week (Kiḻamai) in the Tamil calendar relate to the celestial bodies in the solar system: Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn, in that order. The week starts with Sunday.

Months
The number of days in a month varies between 29 and 32. These are the months of the Tamil Calendar.

The Sanskrit month starts a few weeks ahead of the Tamil month, since the Tamil calendar is a solar calendar, while the Sanskrit calendar is a lunisolar calendar.

Seasons
The Tamil year, in keeping with the old Indic calendar, is divided into six seasons, each of which lasts two months:

Sixty-year cycle
The 60-year cycle is common to both North and South Indian traditional calendars, with the same name and sequence of years. Its earliest reference is to be found in Surya Siddhanta, which Varahamihirar (550 CE) believed to be the most accurate of the then current theories of astronomy. However, in the Surya Siddhantic list, the first year was Vijaya and not Prabhava as currently used. There are some parallels in this sexagenary cycle with the Chinese calendar. The Surya Siddhanta and other Indian classical texts on astronomy had some influence on the Chinese calendar although it merits attention that the sexagenary cycle in China is itself very old.

After the completion of sixty years, the calendar starts with the first year. This corresponds to the Hindu "century." The Vakya or Tirukannitha Panchangam (the traditional Tamil almanac) outlines this sequence. It is related to the position of the planets in the sky with respect to Earth. It means that the two major planets Sani/Saturn (which takes 30 years to complete one cycle round the Sun) and the Viyaḻan/Jupiter (which takes 12 years to complete one cycle round the Sun) comes to the same position after 60 years.

The following list presents the current 60-year cycle of the Tamil calendar:

Celebrations
The months of the Tamil Calendar have great significance and are deeply rooted in the faith of Tamil Hindus. Some months are considered very auspicious, while a few are considered inauspicious as well. Tamil months start and end based on the Sun's shift from one Rāsi to the other, but the names of the months are based on the star on the start of the pournami in that month. The name of the month is sometimes the name of the star itself. (e.g. Chittirai is always the star on the pournami of the Chittirai month).

Some of the celebrations for each month are listed below. Dates in parentheses are not exact and usually vary by a day or two. Underneath (or beside) the months of the Hindu calendar are their Gregorian counterparts.

Significance

 * The Hindus developed a system of calendrics that encapsulates vast periods of time. For computing the age of the Earth and various geological and other epochs, as well as the age of mankind, they still employ a Tamil calendar derived from ancient astronomical data, known as the Tirukkanida Panchanga
 * The 10th Tamil month, called Tai, falls in mid-January each year. It is celebrated with much enthusiasm within the Tamil Community all over the world. Tai is marked by gifts of new clothing for family members and prayers to God for prosperity in the coming year. Tai and the fifth month Āvaṇi are considered very auspicious for marriage and most marriages occur during these months.
 * The fourth month Ādi is a busy month for most people including priests as there will be major temple festivities throughout the month, so most weddings do not often fall in this month. Ādi is the month of preparation for the next crop cycle by farmers. Therefore, farming communities avoid major events like weddings in this month. Those members of the Tamil community who don't actively contribute/participate in farming take advantage by having important functions like wedding in this month. For example, the business community prefers this month for weddings. Ādi is usually the worst month for business, although when businesses recently initiated Ādi discounts, this situation has changed significantly. Each Friday of this month is set aside for prayer and worship.
 * Ādi is portrayed as an inauspicious month for union of newlyweds because conceiving in this month might often result in child delivery around April–May, the hottest months in Tamil Nadu (Agni natchathiram – ['pineḻu'] the last 7 days of Chithirai and ['muneḻu'] the first 7 days of Vaigasi). 'Ādi' is also the windiest month in Tamil Nadu, and hence the phrase 'Ādi kaatru ammiyai nagatrum' (literally, 'the strong winds in the month of Ādi can even move a stone grinder')
 * Puratāsi is when most of the non-vegetarian Tamil people fast from meat for a month. Each Saturday of this month is set apart to venerate the planet Saturn.
 * Deepavali, is celebrated on the new moon day, in the seventh month Aipasi. The month of Aipasi is usually characterised by the North-East Monsoon in Tamil Nadu, which has given birth to a phrase, Aipasi adai maḻai meaning the "Non-stop downpour".
 * Margaḻi falls in winter in Tamil Nadu, and is an auspicious month. The month is considered sacred. During the holy month of Margaḻi, houses are decorated with colorful and elaborate kolams. These are drawn on the threshold to welcome guests and divine beings to bless their houses with prosperity and happiness. The Shaivite fast of Thiru-vembaavai and the Vaishnava fast of Thiru-paavai are also observed in this month.
 * The total number of days in a Tamil Calendar is an average 365 days. The Vakiya Panchangam is employed for both sacred and civil calculations. The Trikanitha Panchangam is employed for astrological calculations.

Festivals
The Tamil Calendar is important in the life of Tamil-speaking people and most festivals of Tamil Nadu are based on it. Some festivals include:
 * Tamil New Year (also called Puthandu)
 * Tai Pongal
 * Deepavali
 * Rama Navami
 * Panguni Uthiram
 * Kartikai Deepam
 * Krishna Jayanti
 * Navaratri
 * Vinayagar Chathurthi
 * Maha Shivaratri

title: Tamil calendar


text:
Talk:List of cities in Syria

I've removed the cities of Alexandretta, Antioch from this list. These are old names for Iskenderun and Antakya, both of which have been in Turkey, not Syria, since the 1930s; see Hatay. Syria does dispute Turkey's sovereignty over the Hatay, but the region is pretty clearly part of Turkey now. If these cities must be in this list, they can't be listed without specific comment as to their status. I think it's best they aren't there at all. CDC  (talk)  18:05, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

governates population
This section lists population numbers which if you add up do not even come close to the total population number of Syria as cited in the main Syria article. Either this list is very old or it's just completely inacurate —Preceding unsigned comment added by Hulzenga (talk • contribs) 11:44, 16 July 2009 (UTC)

Municipal governance
Are there city administrations below the subdistrict level or are cities and towns governed at the subdistrict level? --Criticalthinker (talk) 10:23, 28 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Anyone? This has not been made clear on any pages dealing with the administrative divisions of Syria.  Are there any municipal governments in Syria at the local level?  Because I don't see it mentioned.  This needs to be clarified. --Criticalthinker (talk) 19:08, 26 October 2016 (UTC)

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text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Shanghai Grand Hyatt Atrium.jpg

Shanghai Grand Hyatt Atrium.jpg
An impressive picture showing a titillating piece of architecture. Might needs a bit of color adjustment/cleaning, but I can't do it here at college. - Circeus 18:05, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)

+7 / -5 -- Solipsist 16:19, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Nominate and support. - Circeus 18:05, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * I could go for this one. Support. Perhaps cropping out the glaring lights at the left side. Jonas Olson 18:33, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support if and only if cropped per Jonas. Neutralitytalk 22:02, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * I've cropped the image. Anyone can see the original version on the image's page.  Support cropped version.  -- brian0918  ™  23:15, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I took the original picture and support the improved version. Lawrence Lavigne 00:14, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I think a square crop would be effective on this one. --jacobolus (t) 22:48, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * oppose. im sure it is magestic and great view but, like almost all pics straight up or down, perspective is lost and i have to imagine how this looks rather than seeing it clearly displayed. Cavebear42 00:06, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Agree with Cavebear42. --Bernard Helmstetter 12:38, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Agree with Cavebear42. Enochlau 14:01, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Reminiscent of an Andreas Gursky photograph. You don't have to understand the structure, enjoy the pattern. -- Solipsist 19:06, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * In fact, if I am not mistaken, it looks like Gursky has also photographed this building, but chose a different perspective . -- Solipsist 19:11, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose - just doesn't excite or interest me - Adrian Pingstone 08:34, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Somewhat intruiging in its pattern, but otherwise insipid and uninteresting. - Sango123 23:38, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Phrygian Sibyl

Untitled
Is a "Phrygian Sibyl' a medieval invention? In what literature does the so-called "Phrygian Sibyl" first appear? "At" Phrygia is an odd locution: genuine sibyls were at first very specifically sited. Only in Roman and Christian versions were they wanderers. --Wetman 18:05, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Time enough. I've repaired the text for accuracy. --Wetman 01:42, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Phrygian Sibyl


text: User talk:209.114.227.131

title: User talk:209.114.227.131


text:
Manually coded English

Manually Coded English (MCE) is an umbrella term referring to a number of invented manual codes intended to visually represent the exact grammar and morphology of spoken English. Different codes of MCE vary in the levels of adherence to spoken English grammar, morphology, and syntax. MCE is typically used in conjunction with direct spoken English.

Manually Coded English systems
Manually Coded English (MCE) is the result of language planning efforts in multiple countries, especially the United States in the 1970s. Four systems were developed in attempts to represent spoken English manually; Seeing Essential English (also referred to as Morphemic Signing System (MSS) or SEE-1), Signing Exact English (SEE-2 or SEE), Linguistics of Visual English (LOVE), or Signed English (SE). System developers and educators disagree on the relative accuracy and appropriateness of these four representations. MCE is different from American Sign Language, which is a natural language with a distinct morphology, lexicon, and syntax. Rather, North American varieties of MCE borrow some lexical items of American Sign Language (although meanings and morphology may be significantly constrained or altered) while attempting to strictly follow English morphology, syntax, and word order. Deaf sign languages make use of non-sequential morphology, spatial relationships, facial expression, and body positioning, while MCE does not take advantage of Deaf sign language features which do not exist in spoken English, with a "spatially restricted, sequential structure along with a strict word order".

Use in communication
Although some research suggests that experience can improve the degree to which the information coded in English (morphologically as well as syntactically) is successfully communicated manually, especially by learners who are hearing and/or already fluent in spoken English, multiple studies have identified a number of potential concerns about the use of MCE systems in place of a natural language. The morphological structure of nearly all MCE systems is very different from the structure of documented sign languages. As a result, deaf children exposed only to MCE acquire the artificially created English-like bound morphology of MCE systems later than their hearing peers. Additionally, deaf children being taught MCE show an "anomalous" pattern of use with these morphemes. For example, they are frequently analyze morphemes that are bound in English, such as "-ing," as free morphemes, separating these morphemes from the contexts they are bound to in English and placing them elsewhere in a construction, producing sentences that are judged as ungrammatical by hearing English users. Notably, neither typically developing hearing children acquiring spoken English nor deaf children acquiring ASL as a first language display these patterns of anomalous syntactic acquisition.

Another potential issue with MCE use is the rate of information flow. Studies on rate of signing MCE suggest that some systems may take up to two and a half times the amount of time necessary to transmit the same information in either spoken English or American Sign Language. Researchers suggest that this may significantly disrupt communication using these systems, as it may lead to an excessive load on the short term memory compared to natural languages.

In English-speaking countries, some users of Deaf sign languages will code-switch into a form of MCE when conversing with someone whose dominant language is English, or when quoting something from English, although contact signing may be more common. MCE is also sometimes favored by some hearing people, for whom a manual version of their own language is perceived as easier to learn than a deaf sign language. However, multiple studies suggest that many hearing users of MCE systems may struggle to communicate effectively or comprehensively using these systems.

In education
The different forms of manually coded English were originally developed for use in the education of deaf children in English-speaking countries, based on the assumption that a signing system that was closer to English would make it easier for deaf children to communicate in written and/or spoken English, which many parents and educators perceive as superior or more desirable to using a Deaf sign language. MCE was proposed to improve the speed and capacity of deaf children's reading, as their literacy in written English has been typically low compared to their hearing peers.

An early form of this educational method was popularized by Abbé Charles-Michel de l'Epee who in the 1790s developed a method using hand-signs to teach a form of the French language to deaf children. L'Epee distinguished signs used in Institut National de Jeunes Sourds de Paris, the school he founded, into two categories: "Natural Signs," or Old French Sign Language, the language used by his students in the community, and "Methodical Signs," which was designed to encourage students to sign in the syntax of French. These constructed "Methodical Signs," however, had already fallen out of use by the 1830s, as the school's third director, Roche-Ambrose Bébian, wrote about their structural failings - especially the distortion of sign language structure - relative to "Natural Signs" and ended their use within the school. "Methodical Signs" fell out of favor in Europe and America, and "the idea of intervening in the natural development of sign language and restructuring signs in accordance with the grammar of spoken language was not revived again until the popularization of MCE in the 1970s." Education is still the most common setting where manually coded English is used; not only with deaf students, but also children with other kinds of speech or language difficulties.

The use of MCE in deaf education is controversial. Contemporary deaf education can follow one or a number of educational philosophies and reform efforts, including education in the local natural deaf sign language, education in a colonial sign language, bilingual-bicultural, Total Communication, a manually coded system based on the ambient spoken language (such as MCE), or oralism.

One major obstacle to the utility and enforcement of the use of MCE is the criteria used to evaluate it. Multiple researchers note that MCE use by deaf children acquiring it as a first language is typically evaluated according to its adherence to citation forms of spoken English (i.e., MCE utterances are evaluated as if they were spoken English utterances) rather than its intelligibility as a form of communication or a language. Moreover, many studies which evaluate the competence of hearing teachers of the deaf in MCE communication do not evaluate the extent to which deaf students understand what their teachers are expressing. These teachers reported avoiding using spoken English words or constructions that they did not know how to express in MCE, limiting their overall language use. While many studies have found MCE to be comprehensible to those familiar with the code, fewer have attempted to evaluate whether it is equivalently suitable for first language acquisition, given the frequency of morpheme deletion or ellipsis.

In a study of prelingually deaf children taught exclusively using MCE, S. Supalla documented that these individuals displayed spontaneous (without prior exposure), ASL-like innovations. Specifically, rather than using the MCE morphemes designed to mark case, tense, and gender as they are in English, these children demonstrated the use of deictic pointing and spatial modification of verbs, linguistic features not part of MCE because they are considered unique to signed languages.

Finally, the ethics of MCE use is also a matter of contention. ASL is a minority language in North America. The majority of deaf individuals are born to hearing parents, and are not exposed to ASL from a young age. Many Deaf adults raise issues with the manipulation of a minority groups' language in order to enforce learning of the majority language onto children from that minority group. Many hearing parents are encouraged to expose their child to MCE instead of ASL, which delays a child's access to a natural sign language. Additionally, cognitive delays and lower academic achievement may result from or be exacerbated by a lack of complete or comprehensible input by teachers using MCE instead of ASL.

Fingerspelling
Fingerspelling uses 26 different signs to represent the 26 letters of the English alphabet. As with written English, certain linguistic and paralinguistic elements such as intonation are not represented. Although fingerspelling is not a form of MCE, but rather a feature borrowed from deaf sign languages, it is often the first 'point of contact' for a hearing person before learning the lexicon of a sign language. Fingerspelling is primarily used by Deaf people as a part of natural deaf sign languages, for some proper nouns, loanwords, for emphasis or distinction of relevant words, or when a signer is unsure of the signed equivalent of a spoken language word.

Exclusive fingerspelling is rarely used for communication. It still has some possible currency in some deafblind settings (see tactile signing). Exclusive fingerspelling has a place in the history of deaf education; in the US it is known as the Rochester method (see below). Elderly deaf people in the UK and Australia may also use a lot of fingerspelling relative to their younger counterparts as a result of their education.

Note that different regions use different manual alphabets to represent English – a two-handed system is used in the UK, Australia, and New Zealand, and one-handed systems are used in North America (see ASL alphabet), Ireland (see Irish Sign Language), Singapore and the Philippines. Both one and two-handed alphabets are used in South Africa. These English-speaking countries do not all have the same sign language either. See .

Contact sign
Rather than being a form of MCE, contact sign is a blend of a local Deaf Sign Language and English. This contact language can take place anywhere on a continuum of intermediate stages, from very 'English-like' to very 'Deaf-language-like'; signers from these two different language backgrounds will often meet somewhere in the middle. Because of contact sign's standing as a bridge between two distinct languages, it is used differently by each individual depending on their knowledge of English and of the deaf sign language. The term contact sign has largely replaced the earlier name Pidgin Sign English (PSE) because this form of signing does not display the features linguists expect of a pidgin.

Contact sign drops the initializations and grammatical markers used in other forms of MCE, but retains basic English word order. In the US, ASL features often seen in contact sign include the listing of grouped items and the repetition of some pronouns and verbs.

Sign-supported speech, or simultaneous communication
Sign-supported speech (SSS) involves voicing everything as in spoken English, while simultaneously signing a form of MCE. The vocabulary, syntax and pragmatics of English are used, with the MCE signing serving as a support for the reception of speech. Signs are borrowed from the local deaf sign language and/or are artificial signs invented by educators of the deaf.

The terms SSS and SimCom are now often used synonymously with total communication (TC), though the original philosophy of TC is quite different.

Cued speech
Cued speech is not traditionally referred to as a form of MCE, in part because it does not use borrowed or invented signs in an attempt to convey English. Rather, cued speech employs the use of "cuems" (eight handshapes intended to represent consonant phonemes and four placements around the face intended to represent vowel phonemes, combined with mouth movements) to represent auditory elements of the language being cued in a visual manner. Cued languages are a distinct class of visual languages. Cued speech has been adapted for languages and dialects around the world.

Seeing Essential English/Morphemic Signing System
SEE-1 was the first American manual English code, developed in the 1960s and 70s by David Anthony, a teacher of deaf and disabled children. Anthony identified a list of proposed basic English words, less than half of which he identified American Sign Language (ASL) signs for, as well as a number of slightly different English words which ASL represented similarly with "only minor" stress and movement variations. Conversely, some English words could be expressed with multiple different ASL signs. Additionally, ASL, unlike English, is a zero copula language, so does not have lexical signs corresponding to English copulas like "is" and "are". In SEE1, all compound words are formed as separate signs – instead of using the ASL sign for butterfly, SEE1 places the signs for butter and fly in sequential order. Many signs from ASL are initialized in SEE1 – the ASL sign for have is signed with the B handshape in SEE1. Nielson et al. argue that SEE-1/MSS is a poor representation of English because it has only 14 bound morphemes in its citation form, noting that it has not been well-studied since the 1990s, and as of the paper's publishing in 2016, was only in use in Amarillo, TX.

Signing Exact English (SEE-2/SEE)
Signing Exact English (SEE) is the most commonly studied and taught manual code for American English. SEE incorporates a large number of signs which are borrowed from ASL. Signing exact English (SEE2) was developed by Gerilee Gustason, a deaf teacher of the deaf, Esther Zawolkow, a CODA and educational interpreter, and Donna Pfetzing, a parent of a deaf child, in the early 1970s. Where English differs lexically from ASL (such as concepts with multiple near-synonymous words in English but only one or two corresponding ASL signs) the handshape of the ASL sign was generally modified to reflect the first letter of the intended English word. Analogous variation in ASL (where multiple ASL signs all translate to a single English word) is not distinguished in SEE. Supalla and McKee give the example of "right." In ASL, three distinct signs represent distinct meanings ('correct,' 'opposite of left,' and 'entitlement') which are all represented by the single word "right" in both English and SEE. Initializations and grammatical markers are also used in SEE2, but compound words with an equivalent ASL sign are used as the ASL sign, as with butterfly.

Signed English (SE) – American
The term 'Signed English' refers to a much simpler system than SEE1, SEE2, or LOVE. Signed English (occasionally referred to as Siglish) uses ASL signs in English word order, but only 14 grammatical markers. The most common method of Signed English in the US is that created by Harry Bornstein, who worked on the Gallaudet Signed English Project to develop children's books written in both illustrated signs and written English.

Linguistics of visual English (LOVE)
Linguistics of Visual English (LOVE) was the name of a morpheme list published by Dennis Wampler in 1971. While most forms of ASL and MCE are transcribed using English glosses, LOVE is written using the notation system developed by William Stokoe in describing the linguistic features of American Sign Language.

Conceptually accurate signed English (CASE)
CASE appears to be used to refer to different terms depending on context and/or author. The CDC describes CASE as another term for Pidgin Signed English, an older term for contact signing, and considers it a blend of ASL and other forms of MCE.

Rochester method
Perhaps the closest type of MCE to written English, the Rochester method involves fingerspelling every word. It was originated by Zenas Westervelt in 1878, shortly after he opened the Western New York Institute for Deaf-Mutes (presently known as the Rochester School for the Deaf). Use of the Rochester method continued until approximately the 1970s, and there are still deaf adults from the Rochester area who were taught with the Rochester method. It has fallen out of favor because it is a tedious and time-consuming process to spell everything manually, though it is still used in some deafblind settings (see tactile signing).

Signed English (SE) – British
Signed English (SE) is one form of MCE used in Britain. The term is used interchangeably with Sign-supported English (see below) although others make a distinction.

British Signed English borrows signs from British Sign Language and combines them with fingerspelling in order to include bound morphemes not used in BSL such as -ed and -ing.

Sign-supported English (SSE)
Sign-supported English (SSE) is differentiated from Signed English (SE) by some scholars by saying that SSE does not include inflectional morphology required by spoken English, instead, "keywords" of sentences are signed while the complete sentence is spoken.

Paget Gorman sign system
The Paget Gorman Sign System, also known as Paget Gorman signed speech (PGSS) or Paget Gorman systematic sign language, was originated in Britain by Sir Richard Paget in the 1930s and developed further by Lady Grace Paget and Dr Pierre Gorman to be used with children with speech or communication difficulties, such as deaf children. It is a grammatical sign system which reflects normal patterns of English. The system uses 37 basic signs and 21 standard hand postures, which can be combined to represent a large vocabulary of English words, including word endings and verb tenses. The signs do not correspond to natural signs of the Deaf community.

The system was widespread in Deaf schools in the UK from the 1960s to the 1980s, but since the emergence of British Sign Language and the BSL-based Signed English in deaf education, its use is now largely restricted to the field of speech and language disorder.

Signed English – Australia
They tend to follow a loose logic of sound rather than the strict phonetic structure of Cued Speech. For example, in Australian Signed English 'uncomfortable' is represented in signs meaning 'un', 'come', 'for', and 'table'. A visual sign taken from a deaf sign language may be generalised to represent homonyms of the English word – for example, the Auslan sign for a 'fly' (insect) may be used in Signed English for the verb (to) 'fly'.

In Australia, 'Signed English' was developed by a committee in the late 1970s, who took signs from Auslan (especially the southern dialect), invented new signs, and borrowed a number of signs from American Sign Language that have now made their way into everyday use in Auslan. It is still used in many schools. Australasian Signed English is also in use in New Zealand.

Singapore – SEE2
Signing Exact English (SEE2) is widely used in deaf schools in Singapore, and is taught as the preferred form of sign language by the Singapore Association for the Deaf. The natural sign language used in Singapore, Singapore Sign Language, is thought to have been influenced by Shanghainese Sign Language, American Sign Language, and SEE2.

Kenya Signed English
The Kenyan government uses Kenya Signed English, though the University of Nairobi backs Kenyan Sign Language.

References and resources

title: Manually coded English


text:
K. S. Narasimhaswamy

Kikkeri Subbarao Narasimhaswamy (26 January 1915 – 27 December 2003) was an Indian poet who wrote in Kannada language. His most popular collection of poems, Mysooru Mallige, has seen more than thirty-two reprints and is sometimes given to newly married couples in Karnataka. Narasimhaswamy is a recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Award, Kannada sahitya Academy Award, and the Asian Prize for literature.

Early life
Narasimhaswamy was born in Kikkeri in Mandya district. He abandoned studies after his father, who wanted him to become an engineer, died, and took up a job of a clerk in a municipal office in Mysore. However, in 1934, he joined the Central College in Bangalore, where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree. He was transferred to Bangalore in 1954 and retired as a superintendent in the Karnataka Housing Board in the 1970s. He married Venkamma in Tiptur in 1936. He often portrayed his wife as the inspiration for his poems which mainly deal with romance in married life.

Works
Narasimhaswamy's romantic love poems, inspired by Robert Burns (whose work he translated to Kannada as Robert Burnsna Premageetegalu) were unique to the language at the time when most Kannada poetry dealt with nature and the natural world.

Poetry collections

 * Mysooru Mallige (1942)
 * Ungura          (1942)
 * Airaavatha      (1945)
 * Deepada Malli   (1947)
 * Iruvanthige     (1952)
 * Shilaalathe     (1958)
 * Maneyinda Manege (1960)
 * Tereda Baagilu  (1976)
 * Navapallava     (1983)
 * Malligeya Maale (1986,2004)
 * Dundu Mallige   (1993)
 * Navila Dani     (1999)
 * Sanje Haadu     (2000)
 * Kaimarada Nelalalli   (2001)
 * Ede Thumba Nakshtra   (2002)
 * Mounadali Maatha Hudukutha (2003)
 * Deepa Saalina Naduve (2003)
 * Haadu-Hase (A Collection of songs)   (2003)
 * Ikkala
 * Dandu Mallige

Translations

 * Media (1966)
 * Robert Burns Kaviya kelavu Premageetegalu (1997)
 * Kelavu Chinee Kavanagalu (1997)

Prose

 * Maariya Kallu (1942)
 * Upavana       (1958)
 * Damayanthi    (1960)
 * Sirimallige   (1990)

title: K. S. Narasimhaswamy


text: File:Geistbox.jpg

title: File:Geistbox.jpg


text:
Punta Cana

Punta Cana is a resort town in the easternmost region of the Dominican Republic. It was politically incorporated as the "Verón–Punta Cana township" in 2006, and it is subject to the municipality of Higüey (La Altagracia Province). According to the 2022 census, this township or district had a population of 138,919 inhabitants.

Punta Cana is the second-most popular tourist destination in Latin America, with more visitors than any other city in the Caribbean region. The Punta Cana International Airport (PUJ) is located about 3 km inland, on the highway that leads from Higüey to La Romana. This airport receives 64% of all flights that arrive in the Dominican Republic, receiving more passengers than the Las Américas International Airport, located in Santo Domingo, the country's capital.

The area is known for its white sand beaches, blue turquoise waters, and balnearios which face both the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The weather is hot for most of the year, especially in late summer and autumn when the Northern Tropics receive their most direct sunlight.

Geography and climate
The Punta Cana area has an estimated population of 100,000, with an annual growth rate of 11% as of 2011. To the north, it borders the village and beach of Cabeza de Toro, and the Bávaro and El Cortecito beaches. The nearest city, the 500-year-old Higüey, is 45 km away, which takes about an hour to reach by car. European entrepreneurs, particularly Spanish hotel chains, own all but two of the over 50 megaresorts at the Punta Cana tourism destination.

The province's 100 km coastline tends to be mildly windy. The ocean waters are mainly shallows, with several natural marine pools in which visitors can bathe without danger. From north to south, the main beaches are Uvero Alto, Macao, Arena Gorda, Bávaro, El Cortecito, Las Corales, and Cabeza de Toro, all north of the cape; and Cabo Engaño, Punta Cana, and Juanillo south of the cape. Bávaro is the area starting from Cabeza de Toro until Macao Beach. As the hotels started to rise along the east coast, Bavaro itself became a center of services with shopping malls, fast-food stores, drug stores, fine restaurants, banks, clinics, workshops, supermarkets, and schools. The major town in the district is Veron, now bigger than Higüey in territory, a spontaneous – and poor – urban development running along the original road from the west. Verón, last name of the French proprietor of a timberline business in the early 1930s, is now the base-city for hotel workers and related. It has, besides Bávaro, one of only four gas stations in Punta Cana: the next one is located 48 km west in Higüey, at the Fruisa crossroads; a new Texaco gas station opened in April 2010, 3 km south of Macao beach; and the new Shell gas station close to the airport (on the highway Coral) opened at the end of 2010.

Punta Cana Village, with a population of about 3,000, is being developed by a master plan of the Punta Cana Group. In 1969 the area was purchased by this organization and development began in the following decades. The main avenue, Boulevard Primero de Noviembre, is lined with low office buildings. Branching off are streets with gated communities on both sides. To the east are single family residences. Small apartment buildings are to the west. A shopping area is near the airport and beyond the apartment houses is a mall and several stores. East of the village is the Westin Resort and golf course by the ocean. There is a public beach, Playa Blanca, with a shuttle bus from the Village's sole hotel. An upscale planned community, Cap Cana, is south of Punta Cana Village.

Climate
Punta Cana features a tropical wet and dry climate under the Köppen climate classification. The weather is fairly consistent all year, with an average temperature of 26 °C. The hot and humid season lasts from May to October, and during the day temperatures might reach 35 °C. From November to March, temperatures during the evening are around 20 °C.

History and development
In the late 1960s, Frank Rainieri, a Dominican entrepreneur in his 20s and Theodore Kheel, a high-powered New York attorney and labor mediator teamed up with other investors, to acquire a 58-million square meter lot on the eastern end of the Dominican Republic. The area that is known today as Punta Cana was mostly an undeveloped coastal area of La Altagracia province. At the time the closest major city, Higüey, was a 5-hour drive. Their first project was a 40 guest hotel called the Punta Cana Club. In 1970, Rainieri changed the original name of the place, Yauya or Punta Borrachos, for Punta Cana. In 1978, the Paris Mediterranean Club joined the Grupo Punta Cana SA project, building a 350-room hotel within the project. Later, the Barceló and Newco Group settled in the Bavaro area. In 1979, the Hotel Puntacana was built and then in 1984, the Punta Cana International Airport was inaugurated, while more infrastructures such as highways were developed. In 1993, construction began on the Marina de Punta Cana Resort & Club marina. In 1996, the Dominican designer Óscar de la Renta and the Spanish singer Julio Iglesias joined the project. In 2000, the first of the residential community developments began and six years later Tortuga Bay opened.

Corporate environmental and social responsibilities and policies have been pursued since the resort was built. The Puntacana Foundation- made of the Ecological Foundation and Community Services- has a 1,500-acre reserve that now serves as a research base for universities and a sanctuary for endangered species and has opened two schools- the Ann & Ted Kheel Polytechnic and the Puntacana International School- and a free health clinic in the local community of Véron.

Bavaro area
Bávaro was conceived as a town for the workers of the Punta Cana tourist complex, but it has been transformed into an important center for tourist services after the hotel expansion to the north of Punta Cana around Bávaro beach. Numerous tourist attractions have been installed, some of a certain size such as the Manatí Park in Bávaro, a water park with manatees, dolphins and other kinds of animals. For tourists, the Punta Cana beach area is more popular because it is more affordable at international prices. Among the best-known digital magazines and newspapers in the entire eastern area are: BavaroDigital and BavaroMagazine.

Bavaro is connected by road with Higüey and La Otra Banda. It extends about 15 km north to Playa Macao. Other nearby beaches are: Uvero Alto, Roco Ki and La Vacama. Bavaro has 10 km of beaches. The XII Ibero-American Summit was held on this site on November 15 and 16, 2002, where the heads of state and government of 21 Spanish and Portuguese-speaking nations met.

Population
The area has a low population density with the majority of the inhabitants being Haitian migrant workers. In 2010, Haitians represented 81.1 percent of the total population.

Tourism
Punta Cana is a tourist destination, and the area is a key contributor to tourism in the Dominican Republic.

Transportation
The Punta Cana International Airport is the primary airport. In 2014, Punta Cana received over 2.4 million passengers, making it the second-busiest airport in the Caribbean. Grupo Puntacana built the Punta Cana International Airport in 1984 to facilitate tourism in the area. It was the western hemisphere's first privately owned international airport.

Electricity
The electricity is powered by Consorcio Energetico Punta Cana Macao (CEPM), a fossil fuel, renewable, and biomass energy producer led by US-based Argentine businessman Rolando Gonzalez-Bunster.

Activities and landmarks
Many of the excursions in Punta Cana are near the water, it being a beach destination. These activities include snorkeling, windsurfing, banana boat rides, speedboats, scuba diving, catamaran cruises, party boats, deep sea fishing, as well as swimming with dolphins and sharks and snorkeling with stingrays. For visitors who prefer to see more of the Dominican countryside, there are land-based excursions such as safari tours, horseback riding and dune buggies.

Visiting the Dominican Republic's smaller Caribbean islands of Saona and Catalina is a day trip from Punta Cana. The capital city Santo Domingo, and Los Haitises National Park, Samaná, are within a couple of hours. The Basilica Catholic Monument, built in 1962 and designed by two French architects, is in nearby Higüey, the 500-year-old capital of the province.

Diving
Because of its location at the Caribbean Sea, diving is one of the tourist activities. The marine area surrounding Punta Cana was declared a marine reserve in 2012.

Safety
Punta Cana received negative publicity in the summer of 2019 for a series of American tourist deaths. Initially these deaths were reported as “mysterious,” with tainted alcohol and pesticides being rumored as possible reasons. However, with the help of the FBI and United States Department of State, it was found via toxicology reports that the deaths were from natural causes.

Punta Cana is generally a very safe travel destination.

Marine biodiversity
The following species have been registered in the waters around Punta Cana:

List of authorities

 * Saturnina Vásquez, most known as "María Verón", from the Dominican Liberation Party. Elected directress in 2006.

 * Radhamés Carpio, from the Social Christian Reformist Party. Elected director in 2010.

 * Ramón Antonio "Manolito" Ramírez, from the Dominican Liberation Party. Elected director in 2016, re-elected in 2020 and 2024.

title: Punta Cana


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Asangaon

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy deleted --cesarb 23:00, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Delete. I'm pretty sure this falls under "patent nonsense", but am willing to reconsider if someone expands on it quickly. --Briangotts 18:08, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete So lacking in context as to be useless.Dsmdgold 19:01, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Severe lack in context. I would've deleted it on sight if the vfd tag hadn't been there. -Mgm|(talk) 20:44, Jun 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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João Barion

João Barion (born April 14, 1987) is a Brazilian race car driver. Barion started his career in karting at the age of nine, continuing in karts until 2003 when he landed a seat at South American Formula Three team AmirNasr. In 2004 he moved to the Avallone team, before joining the Piquet team for 2005.

In 2019, Barion participated in the Netflix driving competition series Hyperdrive. He managed to get to the finals, but couldn't continue due to his custom 1965 Ford Mustang water leaking from the radiator.

Trajectory In Business
Currently Barion is a shareholder of the company BRICS that works with entrepreneurship, investing on innovative and sustainable businesses. His trajectory in business started yet in the days of racing, where he began lecturing, achieving a total audience of more than 47.000 people. In 2006 his first job was at UNIVEM JR, a consulting firm where he was responsible for attracting new partners and develop new projects. From 2007 to 2009 Barion worked in the company of his family Dori Alimentos. After this period Barion left the family Business and started a new journey searching for new opportunities and business. His first own business was a company of electric skateboards.

Education
In 2006 Barion moved from the races to the Business World. He started his studies in Business and got his degree in 2010 at Universidade Anhembi Morumbi. After graduating in business, Barion attended several courses in various areas and institutions. On the last year (2011) attended a course in Business Communication at Harvard University and Psychology, Project Management, Competitive Strategy for dynamic environments at Boston University.

Social Actions
During the period of racing Barion has participated in various social projects, being lecturer of the project “8 ways to change the world” conducted by the UN (United Nations) in various countries. The other projects were: - Project Joao Barion safety in traffic; - project “Mangueira Cidadã”, held at the Mangueira slum in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; - Motivational speaker for the project “Viva Feliz sem Acidentes “ (Live Happy No Accident) considered one of the best projects aimed at reducing accidents in Brazil.

title: João Barion


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User talk:Cbeaus

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you want to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you.

title: User talk:Cbeaus


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Robert Fletcher Shaw

Robert Fletcher Shaw, (February 16, 1910 – March 22, 2001) was a Canadian businessman, academic, civil servant and deputy commissioner general of the Universal and International Exhibition of 1967.

Born in Montreal, Quebec, he was raised in Revelstoke, British Columbia. He received a degree in engineering from McGill University in 1933. In 1937 he started as an engineer with the Foundation Company of Canada, rising to become its president.

After Expo, he was vice-principal of administration at McGill University until 1971. He then became Canada's first deputy minister of the environment. In 1975 he became president of the Engineering Institute of Canada. He retired in 1985.

In 1967 he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada.

In 1935 he married Johann MacInnes. Their only son, Robert Jr., a commercial airline pilot, was killed in a plane crash in 1966.

title: Robert Fletcher Shaw


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Nicotiana rustica

Nicotiana rustica, commonly known as Aztec tobacco or strong tobacco, is a rainforest plant in the family Solanaceae native to South America. It is a very potent variety of tobacco, containing up to nine times more nicotine than common species of Nicotiana such as Nicotiana tabacum (common tobacco). More specifically, N. rustica leaves have a nicotine content as high as 9%, whereas N. tabacum leaves contain about 1 to 3%. The high concentration of nicotine in its leaves makes it useful for producing pesticides, and it has a wide variety of uses specific to cultures around the world. However, N. rustica is no longer cultivated in North America, (except in small quantities by certain Native American tribes) as N. tabacum has replaced it.

South America
Nicotiana rustica is called mapacho in South America. It is often used for entheogenic purposes by South American shamans, because of its high nicotine content and comparatively high levels of beta-carbolines, including the harmala alkaloids harmane and norharmane. There are many methods of administration in South American ethnobotanical preparations. In a preparation known as singado or singa, N. rustica is allowed to soak or be infused in water, and the water is then insufflated into the stomach. In Peru its known as "Mapacho" and smoked in pipes, the juice is also drunk for its hallucinogenic effects. The plant is also smoked in cigars, used in enemas, and made into a lickable product known as ambil. Finally, N. rustica is a common ingredient in rapé, a smokeless tobacco product usually used as a nasal snuff. Rapé is often a combination of N. rustica and a host of other herbs, depending on the intended use, including tonka beans, cinnamon, clove buds, alkaline ashes (creating nu-nu), Anadenanthera, Erythroxylum, Virola, and more.

Russia
In Russia, N. rustica is called makhorka (маxорка). Historically, makhorka was smoked mainly by the lower classes. N. rustica is a hardy plant and can be grown in most of Russia (as opposed to N. virginiana which requires a warm climate), it was more readily and cheaply available, and did not depend on transport in a country with an underdeveloped road network and climatic portage problems. This remained the case until ordinary tobacco became widely available in the 20th century. During Soviet times, rustic tobacco was an important industrial crop of agriculture. In those times, dozens of varieties were bred, some of them considered equal in quality to N. virginiana. In modern times, makhorka is still sometimes smoked by peasants and farmers due to its high availability and being almost free for them.

Vietnam
The plant is called Thuốc lào in Vietnam, and is most commonly smoked after a meal on a full stomach to "aid indigestion", or along with green tea or local beer (most commonly the cheap bia hơi). A "rít" of thuốc lào is followed by a flood of nicotine to the bloodstream inducing strong dizziness that lasts several seconds. Heavy cigarette smokers have had trouble with the intense volume of smoke and the high nicotine content; side effects include nausea and vomiting.

There are many "brands" of tobacco, most of which are specific to the region in which they are grown. Some of these "brands" are mellow in flavor and effect, some are more energizing, and some are known for their relaxing properties.

Water pipes can be found everywhere, and are a fixture of local tea booths, eateries, and cafes. It is common to find a table with a small box of tobacco at these establishments from which anyone can help themselves to a bowl during a tea or work break.

The main difference between smoking thuốc lào and the use of other tobaccos is in the method of consumption, in that thuốc lào is consumed with a water pipe. The smoker is presented with either a bamboo pipe called a điếu cày (English: "farmer's pipe") or a ceramic hookah called a điếu bát. It may also occasionally be smoked in a more uncommon pipe known as a điếu ống. The pipe is filled with an appropriate amount of water and a small amount of thuốc lào is pressed into the bowl.

One then ignites the tobacco and inhales to create a body of smoke inside the pipe, before exhaling the smoke, reversing the process of air in the pipe by blowing into it to pop out the tobacco. The smoker then sharply inhales, usually tilting the pipe upwards to an almost horizontal position (but not completely, as the water would drain into the mouth).

Turkey
Maraş otu (English: Maraş weed) is a chewing variant of Nicotiana rustica commonly used by people who live in Maraş, Turkey and other areas of the country. Maraş Otu is a mixture of Oak tree ash and Nicotiana rustica that resembles henna. They use this by putting the mixture under their lips like Swedish snus or Afghan naswar. It is recognized as a drug by anti-drug activists. It can contribute to mouth cancers.

Sudan
In Sudan, this type of tobacco is called toombak (توومباك). It has been used for over 400 years. Being smokeless tobacco, it is processed in the loose form and the ground powder is mixed with sodium bicarbonate. As such, it has a very strong pH and is highly addictive.

Ecology
Nicotiana rustica serves as a larval host plant for Chrysodeixis includens and Phthorimaea operculella. Known pollinators of Nicotiana rustica include: Augochlorella aurata, Lasioglossum perpunctatum, Bombus impatiens, Lasioglossum tegulare, Augochlora pura, Lasioglossum michiganense, Lasioglossum versans, Bombus vagans, Halictus ligatus, Lasioglossum oblongum, Halictus rubicundus, Megachile frigida, and Sphecodes heraclei.

title: Nicotiana rustica


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Jolfa, Iran

Jolfa is a city in the Central District of Jolfa County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Jolfa is separated by the Aras River from its namesake, the town of Julfa on the Azerbaijan side of the border. The two towns are linked by a road bridge and a railway bridge.

Population
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 4,983 in 1,365 households. The following census in 2011 counted 5,628 people in 1,448 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 8,810 people in 2,543 households.

Historical monuments

 * Saint Stepanos Monastery
 * Jolfa Water Mill
 * Chapel of Chupan

title: Jolfa, Iran


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chris Beausoleil

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mackensen (talk) 04:13, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Chris Beausoleil
Delete. Non-notable and vanity. --Briangotts 18:10, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It was written awfully; I've fixed it a bit; check it again. Google him if you like. Keep. —msh210 18:20, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) Move to Christopher Beausoleil; otherwise, keep. (Can I just move it now, while it's on VFD, sans vote?  —msh210 13:43, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - No results from Google with: "Chris Beausoleil" "cystic fibrosis" Non-notable and vanity. --Anonymous Cow 22:34, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Results for "christopher...", though. Whoever wrote the article misnamed it, that's all.  —msh210 13:43, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, possible vanity. Megan1967 09:33, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Talk:Something Wall-Mart This Way Comes

Inclusion in Wal-Mart category
I think this article should be cross-listed in the Wal-Mart category. Other articles (criticism, bios, books, etc) are also put in that category as appropriate. Feco 18:11, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The Circle of Iron
I wonder if the "mirror" idea relies on this particular movie? (Anyone besides me actually seen it?) 144.92.21.96 22:19, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Things to note
This section is way, way off. The episode is parodying the idea that giant corporations are evil, not supporting it. The effects of the Wall-Mart on people are obvious (or at least I thought it was obvious) hyperbole. The concept of an "evil" Wall-Mart is shown to be a complete, utter joke.

Yes, that ending remark should be stricken. The episode is obviously mocking the anti-Wal-Mart hyperbole, especially as evidenced by the issue of increased purchasing power brought up in the ending monologue. 70.171.0.160 04:03, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

The trivia/cultural section
I really think the trivia section (for this episode and all episodes) needs work. I think there needs to be a parodies/allusions section for every episode, rather than listing parodies under the trivia section. King nothing 2 03:54, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm removing the statement "This is one of the few episodes which Kenny doesn't die."     Kenny stopped dying in every episode after the season 5 ep Kenny Dies 121.44.38.136 04:11, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

I think the HMM reference is too far-fetched. Odds are it's another stock sound effect that happened to be used in both. I didn't edit, though. blades (talk) 07:36, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Trivia should be cited and then merged into the main article. Cite the following please;

Alastairward (talk) 14:18, 15 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Wall-Mart is a reference to Wal-Mart.
 * The title (and some of the plot) comes from the novel Something Wicked This Way Comes by Ray Bradbury, the title of which, in turn, comes from a line in Macbeth.
 * The "Heart of Wall-Mart" scene is lifted from the Architect scene in The Matrix Reloaded.
 * At the end of the episode, the Wall-Mart vanishes the same way that the house did in the movie Poltergeist. However, it also "craps its pants" when it vanishes.
 * The greeter welcomes Randy to the Wall-Mart with the phrase "All are welcome, all are welcome" which is also used in the movie Poltergeist.
 * When Randy wakes up in the middle of night and looks at Wall-Mart, it is glowing and on top of a hill, in reference to Salem's Lot.
 * When Randy first enters Wall-Mart he says "It's beautiful." A sound clip first used by Steven Spielberg during the screening of the modified version of Raiders of the Lost Ark in the episode "Free Hat".
 * Near the end, when the people find out Wall-Mart's weak point lies in the "heart", Chef says, "Spread the word to other towns" to a military telegraph operator in a parody of the end of Independence Day. A similar scene was in the season three episode Chinpokomon.
 * The sound used to display time passing (such as when Jim's drugstore increases in size during the last few minutes) is the sound used in Heroes of Might and Magic III when a new week starts.
 * The pants-crapping gag is later used in the Season 10 episode The Return of Chef.
 * In the scene where Wall-Mart is speaking to Cartman, there are chocolate bars labeled Golden Ticket. This was also referenced in A Ladder to Heaven and later in Le Petit Tourette.

I, Robot?
Someone put in the trivia section that this episode parodies I, Robot. Can someone explain this to me? I've seen both the movie and this episode, and I don't see the connection. I have my doubts regarding the validity of the statement. King nothing 2 06:48, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

Family Guy Stole?
Is it actually fair to say 'This episode's premise and idea was stolen with many other jokes on this show by Family Guy'? The statement doesn't actually point to a specific episode. There is a possibility that whichever episode of Family Guy this is in reference to, came up with a similar idea independantly.--Jcvamp 00:58, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Yeah, especially when you consider "simpsons already did it"--Anarchy_Balsac

 * Dude, look at the air dates of the two episodes. the south park one was 2 years before the family guy one. so if anything (and in accordance to the rumor) family guy steals from south park. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.29.20.123 (talk) 18:29, 28 February 2010 (UTC)

Walmart's response.
A Wal-mart represantive responded that this episode is right on target. I got this third-hand from http://liberalorder.typepad.com/the_liberal_order/television/index.html. The original source is Wall Street Journal. If someone with an account there could read the article and clean-up what I added, this would be great

error?
"When the townspeople talk to the boss of the store for the first time, he acts like Agent Smith during his conversation with Morpheus in The Matrix."

Does he talk like Agent Smith, or like The Architect? I am thinking more Architect, in the scene where neo confronts Architect in his office JayKeaton 00:53, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

Crap
Despite the phrasing in the article, none of the crap ends up in pants. Just thought I'd ponder this entirely digusting fact. I don't know if these means the episode must be edited.

Lots42 04:47, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

Except for the Cartman quote, I think there should be a better phrase to use throughout. blades (talk) 07:09, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

this section of trivia pretty ridiculous
The color red used on the Wall-Mart's store could be a reference to how Wal-mart has outsourced many of their factories to the communist country of China.

This is ridiculous. First, Wal-Mart doesn't have any factories, let alone many outsourced to China. Wal-Mart is a department store that sells goods, they don't manufacture anything. Any in-house "brands" are simply re-branded merchandise already made by a wholesaler that re-brands for several chains. It isn't as though the Wal-Mart and Kirkland Signature factories are right next to each other, churning out tires one day and baby diapers the next...any large retailer that has in-house brands simply re-brands merchandise from a common manufacturer...the person who wrote this doesn't have any grasp on global economy.

Second, the trivia section is very well written save this little jewel I'm writing about. Poltergeist references, Matrix references...all well and good. But this ridiculous reading into colors used in the show is simply idiotic. That "red" would be so obviously a reference to the Chinese...are you stupid? Yes, Wal-Mart's goods are mostly from China. But to think that the show was so subtle about it is simply stupid after season after season of writing style that lends itself to prediction. Why not comment on how many run-down buildings were depicted in the "Main Street" scene and then make a correlation on how the same number is an even divisor of 9/11 which proves Trey Parker and Matt Stone's involvement in the 9/11 conspiracy? Why not mention how many broken panes of glass were shown and how that number matches the year that JFK was assassinated, therefore showing a correlation to Lee Harvey Oswald and then further showing that perhaps Mr. Oswald was responsible for climate change, 9/11, and a bizarre link to the EU coming to power, predicting the apocalypse? Seriously...South Park makes references at things that don't take a lint comb and three years of serious study to uncover. The "red" theory is simply rubbish, and I suggest deleting it because it is so damn stupid.

70.101.211.40 07:32, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Continuity Error ?
In "Red Man's Greed" just when the Native Americans are about to bulldoze South Park, a section of dialogue commences between stan and the head of the casino. In this conversation stan says "We grew up here, our parents grew up here, we shop at that Wal Mart". To me this implies that a Walmart already existed before the construction of one in this episode. Its just a quick question I'm throwing out there.

--Beckhendrix996 (talk) 06:42, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

Title of this episode
According to South Park Studios the correct title of this episode is "Something Wall-Mart This Way Comes". --Captain Infinity (talk) 14:36, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

Issues
One of the issues of the article is that it is almost entirely a plot summary. Can a page about an episode really be any more than that? At best I could see an 'analysis' section that deals with the themes and motifs, but that might get into difference of interpretation and also trying to search for the creator's true opinions and beliefs.

Reference
Has anyone noticed the plot is loosely parodied from [It (novel)|It]? Like, the prices being deadlights? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.206.106.199 (talk) 19:07, 13 August 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Something Wall-Mart This Way Comes


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Primeval

Primeval may refer to:
 * Primeval forest, an area of forest that has attained great age
 * Primeval number, a positive integer satisfying certain conditions
 * Primeval history, name given by biblical scholars to the first eleven chapters of the Book of Genesis

Film and TV

 * Primeval (TV series), 2007 UK TV series
 * Primeval: New World, a Canadian science fiction series, based on the British series Primeval
 * Primeval (film), a 2007 American horror film
 * The Primevals, a 2023 American science fiction film
 * Primeval (Doctor Who audio drama), a Big Finish audio play based on the BBC TV series Doctor Who
 * "Primeval" (Buffy the Vampire Slayer), an episode of the TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer

Other

 * The Primevals (band), a Scottish rock group

title: Primeval


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Van Wesenbekestraat

Chinatown is located on Van Wesenbekestraat a street in Antwerp, Belgium. Historically supporting the Chinese community that settled in Antwerp post-World War II, today Chinatown is well known for its pan-Asian atmosphere. The district houses an abundance of restaurants offering a variety of Asian cuisines such as Chinese, Japanese, Indian, Pakistani, Thai and Nepali. Pan-Asian organisations and businesses supporting the Chinese, Nepali, Indonesian and Filipino communities for example are found throughout the district and the biggest Asian supermarket in the country (named Sun Wah which stocks items from China, Thailand, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Indonesia and India) is also found in Chinatown. A Buddhist temple and a school for mastering kungfu are other commodities also found in the district. Chinese presence is still dominant. However, traders from Thailand, Nepal and other Asian countries have also settled in the district resulting in some dubbing it as Asiatown to reflect the changing demographics. Both at the entrance and the end of the street, two Chinese lions guard the street. A paifang known as the "Pagodepoort" (Pagoda Gate) was erected at the southern entrance to the street in 2010 after four years of planning.

title: Van Wesenbekestraat