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Benito de Soto

Benito de Soto Aboal (March 22, 1805, Mouriera, a hamlet now a suburb of Pontevedra, Spain - January 25, 1830, Gibraltar.) was a Spanish pirate who operated in the Atlantic during the early 19th century. He was the captain of the pirate ship Defensor de Pedro, sometimes incorrectly named as the Burla Negra ("Black Joke"), that was responsible for several piracies in the Atlantic in 1828, in a period of increased piracy following the independence of the new states of South America.

The most notable attacks were on the British Indiaman Morning Star and the American ship Topaz, which involved great violence. De Soto was captured and tried in Gibraltar on 20 January 1830 and he was hanged on 25 January. Other members of his crew were captured in Spain. Their trial there began on 19 November 1829 and ten men were executed on 11 and 12 January 1830.

Turn to piracy
Defensor de Pedro was a Brazilian brig, commanded by a naval officer Mariz de Sousa Sarmento. In 1827 the Brazilian government gave Sarmento a licence to trade in slaves and as privateer, participating in the irregular warfare between Brazil and its neighbour the United Provinces of Buenos Aires (later Argentina). Sarmento assembled a multinational crew of around forty men, mostly from Brazil itself but also from Galicia, in north-western Spain, Portugal and France. Benito de Soto was engaged as the second mate. The Defensor de Pedro left Rio de Janeiro on 22 November 1827 arrived off Elmina, on the Gold Coast (modern Ghana), around 3 January 1828.

On 26 January, Sarmento went ashore with around eight members of the crew, and a Galician named Miguel Ferreira led a mutiny. Not all the crew joined in and the successful rebels forced ten of those who refused to join them into a boat and forced another ten to stay on board to man the ship. It seems that no slaves had yet been loaded, so the Defensor de Pedro sailed away into the South Atlantic as a pirate. There was now a crew of twenty-three men on board. There is no evidence either at this or any other stage that the crew changed the name of the ship to Burla Negra.

Atrocities
He proved to be one of the most bloodthirsty pirates of any age, murdering crews who fell into his hands and sinking their ships. The most infamous episode in de Soto's career came on 19 February 1828, when the Burla Negra happened upon the Morning Star en route from Ceylon to England. After killing some of the passengers and crew with cannon fire, de Soto murdered the captain and took possession of the ship.

Many of the captured crew were killed, while women passengers were raped before de Soto's men locked them in the hold with the rest of the survivors. When de Soto heard that the survivors had been locked away and not murdered, he was furious, turned them around to try to find the sinking Morning Star to finish the job. He did not want any evidence of his guilt in the attack to reach the ears of the court. However, de Soto could not find the drifting Morning Star. Meanwhile, the imprisoned survivors had managed to escape and prevent the Morning Star from sinking. A passing merchant vessel rescued them the following day.

According to Burla Negra crew member Nicholas Fernandez, "A few days after the capture and destruction of the English ship [Morning Star], we fell in with a richly laden American ship (the Topaz) bound from Calcutta to Boston, to the crew of which no more mercy was shewn than to that of the Morning Star - having laden our brig with a portion of the most valuable part of her cargo, the crew (with the exception of the captain and three hands, who were taken on board the brig) were all put to death, and the ship set on fire! and in a few days after, the captain and two of the three hands shared the fate of their companions! - we had now indeed from repeated instances, become so familiarized with the shedding of human blood, that the shrieks and groans of the devoted victims were about music to our ears! and the work of human butchery was performed as deliberately and with as much unconcern as the butcher would dispatch one of the brute animals of his flock!"

By August 1828 news spread in American papers about the murder of the Topaz crew. "The following is a list of the officers and crew of the ship Topaz of Boston, which vessel was taken by pirates, and destroyed, and the whole crew murdered. Martin Brewster, born in Kingston, Mass., aged 32, master, Arnold S. Manchester, Little Compton, R.I., aged 30, first mate; Edward Smith, Ipswich, Mass., 21, second mate; John Barber (black), New York, 28, steward; Samuel Gulliver (black) New York, 36, cook; T. J. Yates, Boston, 27; William S. Burton, do. 40; Adam S. Huger, do. 18, Israel Smith, do 18; John Drew, Halifax N.S., 24; William Appley, Barnstable, 19; Edward Keyser, Philadelphia, 34; Albert Richmond, Dighton, 24; Henry Williams, New York, 23 - all seaman."

De Soto then sailed for Corunna. On the way he encountered a small brig; he attacked and sank it, killing all the crew but one. De Soto forced the remaining sailor to steer the Burla Negra to Corunna; when they arrived at the port, de Soto blew the man's brains out.

Capture and death
De Soto's crimes caught up with him after the Burla Negra struck a reef and was wrecked off Cadiz. He and his men headed for Gibraltar, but they were recognized and taken for trial in Cadiz. De Soto was hanged with his remaining crew. When the hangman discovered that he had set the rope at the wrong height, De Soto calmly stood on his own coffin and obligingly placed his head inside the noose.

Adeus todos ("goodbye, everyone") were his last words. His head was then stuck on a pike as a warning to others.

title: Benito de Soto


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Uncle Jesse

Uncle Jesse may refer to:

 * Jesse K. Dubois (1811–1876), American politician
 * Jesse Duke (Dukes of Hazzard), a fictional character in the television series The Dukes of Hazzard
 * Jesse Katsopolis, a fictional character in the television series Full House

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Uncle Jesse


text: User talk:24.17.211.121

title: User talk:24.17.211.121


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Han capital

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 20:19, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

Han capital
This article is nonsense, and factually inaccurate. It's an article claiming the capital of the Han Dynasty lies in Guangzhou near Hong Kong. user:194.206.179.4's other edits have hardly adhered to a NPOV policy, and seem to be based upon promoting Cantonese above other Chinese dialects. Should be deleted. --Yuje 02:08, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak delete, I think information on the historical Chinese dynasty capitals is fair game, but that particular article is unreferenced and nigh-useless. --Veritol 04:06, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nonsense. Megan1967 04:36, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete inaccurate - the capital of Former Han was Chang'an and the capital of Later Han was Luoyang. What is more Guangzhou is Canton.  Guangdong is the province. --AYArktos 08:00, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I vote Delete, but only because I think this is a poor way to organize information about Chinese history. Do we need an article called "Capital of the United States between 1784 and 1790" that says "New York City was the capital from 1784 to 1790"? (I probably have the dates wrong, but you get my drift) ¶ On the other hand, the accuracy of the is article irrelevent. VfDs are not the way to correct inaccurate information. ¶ The author's other misdeeds are also irrelevent -- we should consider each VfD case on its own merits. There are other procedures for dealing with patterns of abuse. ---Isaac R 06:50, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Ashibaka (tock) 00:01, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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User talk:Kaisershrout

Non-free use disputed for Image:GGIP LOGO.PNG
Thanks for uploading Image:GGIP LOGO.PNG. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read carefully the instructions at Non-free content and then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 10:57, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

July 2008
Welcome to Wikipedia. It might not have been your intention, but your recent edit removed content from. When removing text, please specify a reason in the edit summary and discuss edits that are likely to be controversial on the article's talk page. If this was a mistake, don't worry; the text has been restored, as you can see from the page history. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia, and if you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Badgernet   Talk  15:20, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

GGIP
You may have been the original creator of the GGIP article, but please see WP:OWN. If others have edited the article, you no longer can claim to be able to delete the article. If you think it should be deleted, you can WP:PROD it, or list it at WP:AFD. Corvus cornix talk  21:14, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kaisershrout


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Heatherette

Heatherette was an American fashion company that closed in 2008. It was founded in 1999 by Club Kid Richie Rich and Traver Rains. The pair first began designing T-shirts and leather goods. When Rich wore one of their leather tops to a party, he caught the attention of a buyer at the downtown store Patricia Field.

History

Heatherette was established in the late 1999. At that time, former club kid and nightlife fixture Richie Rich was working with event producer Susanne Bartsch. Traver Rains had just moved to New York City from Dallas and was teaching horseback riding at Chelsea Piers, where he and Rich first met. Rains later recalled: "Richie was assisting Susanne Bartsch at the time, and her son Bailey was taking riding lessons. Richie came to pick Bailey up one day in leather pants, and I was making leather t-shirt at the time, so we started talking about that." Together, they began designing T-shirts and leather goods. In December of that year, Rich wore one of their leather tops to a party where he was noticed by a buyer for Patricia Field's store, who ordered 20 of them. By the time they sold out, their work had attracted the attention of the American rapper Foxy Brown, who asked them to design a custom outfit for her to wear to the MTV Video Music Awards. Shortly afterwards, singer Gwen Stefani was featured wearing one of their tops in Entertainment Weekly, and Patricia Field asked them to design a T-shirt for Sarah Jessica Parker's character on the television series Sex and the City.

Heatherette's debut ready-to-wear collection "Look at Me" was introduced during the New York Fashion Week in September 2001.

In popular culture

Many celebrities have worn Heatherette fashions in public. Paris Hilton, Lydia Hearst, Caroline D'Amore, Amanda Lepore, Naomi Campbell, Miranda Kerr, Tinsley Mortimer, Kim Kardashian, J. Alexander, Mena Suvari, Anna Nicole Smith, Mýa, Kelis and Jenna Jameson have modeled their fashions in runway shows.

Heatherette has received editorial credits in a variety of different genres of magazines. An especially wild Heatherette fashion show, which featured Anna Nicole Smith and Boy George, is chronicled in the Glenn Belverio's 2006 nonfiction book, Confessions from the Velvet Ropes. Heatherette has also been featured at New York Fashion Week.

Heatherette was featured on the third cycle of America's Next Top Model as the designer for a fashion show contest. They were guest judges on Project Runway Canada for the "When It Rains It Pours" challenge and also on Project Runway when contestants had to make costumes for WWE Divas. Heatherette was also featured on several television programmes and in the movie My Super Ex-Girlfriend.

Recently, Traver was featured on Fashion Television in an interview by Jeanne Beker:

Traver and Richie Rich appeared in the 2005 film One Last Thing....

On March 20, 2008, a collaboration collection with MAC Cosmetics, called "Heatherette for MAC", was released and includes illustrations of Traver Rains and Richie Rich on the cardboard packaging. This is the second collaboration between Heatherette and MAC Cosmetics.

title: Heatherette


text:
Reception theory

Reception theory is a version of reader response literary theory that emphasizes each particular reader's reception or interpretation in making meaning from a literary text. Reception theory is generally referred to as audience reception in the analysis of communications models. In literary studies, reception theory originated from the work of Hans-Robert Jauss in the late 1960s, and the most influential work was produced during the 1970s and early 1980s in Germany and the US (Fortier 132), with some notable work done in other Western European countries. A form of reception theory has also been applied to the study of historiography.

The cultural theorist Stuart Hall was one of the main proponents of reception theory, first developed in his 1973 essay 'Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse'. His approach, called the encoding/decoding model of communication, is a form of textual analysis that focuses on the scope of "negotiation" and "opposition" by the audience. This means that a "text"—be it a book, movie, or other creative work—is not simply passively accepted by the audience, but that the reader/viewer interprets the meanings of the text based on her or his individual cultural background and life experiences. In essence, the meaning of a text is not inherent within the text itself, but is created within the relationship between the text and the reader.

Hall also developed a theory of encoding and decoding, Hall's theory, which focuses on the communication processes at play in texts that are in televisual form.

Reception theory has since been extended to the spectators of performative events, focusing predominantly on the theatre. Susan Bennett is often credited with beginning this discourse. Reception theory has also been applied to the history and analysis of landscapes, through the work of the landscape historian John Dixon Hunt, as Hunt recognized that the survival of gardens and landscapes is largely related to their public reception.

General
A basic acceptance of the meaning of a specific text tends to occur when a group of readers have a shared cultural background and interpret the text in similar ways. It is likely that the less shared heritage a reader has with the artist, the less he or she will be able to recognise the artist's intended meaning, and it follows that if two readers have vastly different cultural and personal experiences, their reading of a text will vary greatly. Umberto Eco coined the term aberrant decoding to describe the case when the reader's interpretation differs from what the artist intended.

Landscape architecture
In literature, the interaction between text and reader occurs within a framework that controls and limits the interaction, through genre, tone, structure, and the social conditions of the reader and author, whereas in landscapes the interaction occurs through movement and viewing, framed by typology instead of genre and tone. Instead of an "implied reader", reception theory of landscapes assumes an "implied visitor", who is an abstracted concatenation of responses of many visitors at different times.

The theory recognizes that there is no single reading of a landscape that fulfills its entire potential, and that it is important to examine the motives of visitors and the factors influencing their visits (whether they read guidebooks about the place before visiting, or had strong feelings about the place or the designer, for instance).

One key difference between reception theory in literature and reception theory in landscape architecture is that while literary works are accessible only to the imagination, physical landscapes are accessible to the senses as well as to the imagination.

Reception theoretical analysis of architecture differs from typical writing on the history and analysis of landscapes, which tends to focus on the intentions of the designers, the conditions leading to the creation of the design, and the building process. Reception theory also tends to de-emphasize commonly used terms of description like 'formal' and 'picturesque', unless those terms were known to have meaning to landscape visitors themselves.

Reception history
According to Harold Marcuse, an academic and grandson of Herbert Marcuse, reception history is "the history of the meanings that have been imputed to historical events. It traces the different ways in which participants, observers, historians and other retrospective interpreters have attempted to make sense of events both as they unfolded and over time since then, to make those events meaningful for the present in which they lived and live."

Reception history and the Bible
One area of scholarship where reception history has been explored deeply is the reception history of the Bible. In the context of the Bible, reception history comprises the manifold interpretations of the biblical text from the time that it was written until now. It aims to show how biblical interpretations have developed throughout the centuries. The field that predated the reception history of the Bible has been known as the “history of interpretation” or “history of exegesis.” The greatest difference between reception history and its predecessor approach is that reception history does not restrict its interpretations. It includes interpretations that are marginal and even unorthodox. Reception history does not restrict interpretations by medium either; it includes the use of art, music, poetry, and liturgy. In contrast, the history of interpretation is concerned with how biblical scholars have interpreted a text in only their commentaries and monographs.

Hans-Georg Gadamer addresses the reception of the Bible in his interpretative framework. Gadamer was concerned with displaying how all interpretive acts are contextualized. At the same time, however, Gadamer maintained the integrity of empirical knowledge. Gadamer saw the contextualized interpretation of scripture and the empirical knowledge about its development are best understood to be in a dialogical relationship with one another. In this sense, it is a diachronic approach to interpretation of the Bible. The individual contexts of interpreters in communication with the original text is the basis for reception history of the bible.

One of the key issues surrounding biblical reception history is locating when it began. This issue is sometimes addressed by demarcating a shift from the original text and its reception. However, the distinction of an original text becomes difficult because of the various forms of the earlier biblical texts that were being used. Because of the various sources, traditions, and editions of the earliest biblical texts it is difficult to know what was considered original and was interpreted. Related to this issue of numerous source materials in biblical reception is the context of these source materials. If one wishes to try and read the original text, one is required to do so in its historical context lest it become detached and lose their meaning. The various contexts that are associated with each of the contributing texts does not allow for there to be a single context in which to read the text correctly. This again muddles the difference between original text and reception history of the Bible.

title: Reception theory


text:
Ahmad ibn Farrokh

Ahmad ibn Farrukh, also written Ahmad-i Farrokh, was a 12th-century Persian physician from Herat.

He was one of the teachers of Zayn al-Din al-Jurjani.

He is author of a Persian medicine encyclopaedia titled Kifayah that is no longer extant though it had a high reputation among scholars long after al-Jurjani's day.

The National Library of Medicine has in its collection a formulary of compound remedies (Qarabadhin).

This formulary in 11 short chapters (babs), and it appears to be the only preserved example of the writings of Ahmad ibn Farrukh.

title: Ahmad ibn Farrokh


text:
MAX Yellow Line

The MAX Yellow Line is a light rail line serving Portland, Oregon, United States. Operated by TriMet as part of the MAX Light Rail system, it connects North Portland, Portland City Center, and Portland State University (PSU). The line serves 17 stations; it runs north–south from Expo Center station to PSU South/Southwest 6th and College station, interlining with the Green and Orange lines within the Portland Transit Mall. Service runs for 21 hours per day with headways of up to 15 minutes. The Yellow Line is the fourth-busiest service in the MAX system; it carried an average 12,960 riders per weekday in September 2019.

After failing to secure funding for the South/North Corridor project, a planned light rail line between Clackamas County and Clark County, Washington, Portland business leaders and residents convinced TriMet to revive a portion of the project within North Portland along the median of Interstate Avenue. The ten-station, 5.8 mi Interstate MAX extension began construction in 2001 and opened to Yellow Line service on May 1, 2004. From opening until 2009, the Yellow Line ran from Expo Center station in North Portland to the Library and Galleria stations in downtown Portland. In 2009, TriMet rerouted downtown Yellow Line service to the Portland Transit Mall.

Since 2015, the Yellow Line has operated as a northbound through service of the Orange Line from PSU South/Southwest 6th and College station. Conversely, most southbound Yellow Line trains, which had served the other half of the transit mall on 5th Avenue from 2009 to 2015, operate through to the Orange Line from Union Station/Northwest 5th & Glisan Street station.

Early proposals

Proposals for a light rail line through North Portland, across the Columbia River, and into Vancouver, Washington were considered as early as the 1980s. A study by staff of the Portland metropolitan area's regional government, Metro, in 1985 examined the feasibility of a line alongside Interstate 5 (I-5) or along the median of Interstate Avenue but concluded that no light rail alternative would "'pay back' within the useful life of the project". A different report completed the following year, however, noted that light rail along the corridor would be "promising". In 1988, Portland city planners proposed a northside rail service as part of Portland's Central City and Albina Community plans; they sought to extend the region's then-two-year-old light rail system, the Metropolitan Area Express (MAX), via Interstate Avenue, I-5, or Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard (formerly Union Avenue). While serving on the Senate Committee on Appropriations, U.S. Senators Mark Hatfield of Oregon and Brock Adams of Washington combined this proposal with a greater Vancouver–Portland–Oregon City light rail plan that Metro separately developed, for which the committee appropriated $2 million to study in 1989.

Preliminary alignment studies north to Vancouver and Clark County, including an additional proposal for a line between Vancouver Mall and Clackamas Town Center along I-205, commenced shortly after. Metro's Joint Policy Advisory Committee on Transportation (JPACT) identified a 25 mi route from Hazel Dell through downtown Portland to Clackamas Town Center in 1994 that TriMet formally named the "South/North Corridor". That November, Metro asked Portland area voters if they would approve a $475 million bond measure to cover Oregon's portion of the project's estimated $2.8 billion cost; the measure passed by 63 percent. Across the river, Clark County officials proposed a 0.3 percent increase in sales and vehicle excise taxes to provide Washington's $237.5 million share; voters turned it down by 69 percent on February 7, 1995.

Amid fears that ridership would not justify a North Portland segment if Clark County were excluded, JPACT scaled back the project and released a second plan that would only build the line between the Rose Quarter and Clackamas Town Center. To fill the funding gap that resulted from the exclusion of Clark County, the Oregon House of Representatives passed a $750 million transportation package that included $375 million for the project. The Oregon Supreme Court promptly struck down this funding due to the inclusion of unrelated measures, which violated the state's constitution. In February 1996, state legislators revised the package, but light rail opponents forced a statewide vote in November that ultimately prevented the use of state funds. In an effort to regain the support of North Portland residents, who had historically voted in favor of light rail, and to avoid seeking state funding, JPACT announced a third plan in February 1997 that reinstated a segment within North Portland, a 15 mi line from Lombard Street to Clackamas Town Center. A few months later, the Portland City Council extended this proposed alignment through North Portland so that it would terminate another mile north of Lombard Street in Kenton. That July, Metro advanced the final environmental studies for a line that would run 16 mi between Kenton and Clackamas Town Center in its first phase, with a potential to extend it 21 mi up to Clark County should financing be acquired. Due to the wording on the original ballot passed in 1994, which described the project extending into Clark County, regional transit agency TriMet elected to reaffirm voter support by drafting a new $475 million bond measure. Portland area residents cast their vote on November 3, 1998, and those against the measure narrowly defeated it, 52 percent to 48 percent.

Revival and construction

In 1999, North Portland residents and city business leaders urged TriMet to revive the South/North Corridor's northern portion but without the Clark County segment; they argued that 81 percent of Multnomah County voters had wanted light rail. TriMet agreed and developed a proposal to build a line along the median of Interstate Avenue, between the Portland Expo Center and the Rose Quarter. Meetings and polls conducted in June of that year determined that locals overwhelmingly supported the project, which organizers began calling the "Interstate MAX", as long as it was less expensive than the South/North project, did not displace residents from their homes, and did not require any new taxes. The city council subsequently endorsed the proposal.

TriMet projected the cost of the Interstate MAX at $350 million. To build it without the need for a significant new source of local funding, the city created an urban renewal district surrounding the alignment and adopted the Interstate Corridor urban renewal area (ICURA) plan in August 2000. This covered an expansive 3744 acre area within 10 neighborhoods and directed $30 million in tax increment funds towards the project. That same year, TriMet and the city completed funding the Airport MAX and Central City Streetcar projects without requesting any federal assistance; TriMet declared them part of the Interstate MAX project, providing $257.5 million in matching federal funds that the Federal Transit Administration approved in September. TriMet and Metro contributed $38.5 million and $24 million respectively to the remaining balance, sourced from their own general transportation funds.

Construction of the Interstate MAX began in February 2001 with a ceremony held near the Rose Quarter. Initial work on the line's junction with the Eastside MAX, located near the east end of the Steel Bridge, required a 16-day closure of the Eastside MAX segment between Rose Quarter Transit Center and Old Town/Chinatown station, during which buses shuttled riders between the two stations. In April, TriMet contracted Stacy and Witbeck to lay tracks between the Rose Quarter and Kenton and build a new vehicular overpass in Lower Albina. Meanwhile, the agency awarded the section between Kenton and the Expo Center, which included the construction of a 3850 ft dual-track bridge north of Argyle Street, to F.E. Ward Constructors. The rapid pace of construction, which workers credited to improvements in track-laying and street reconstruction technology learned from previous MAX projects, hit a halfway point in April 2002. TriMet marked this milestone with a concrete pouring ceremony at the line's intersection with Portland Boulevard. Workers completed road and sidewalk improvements the following November, six months ahead of schedule. In August 2003, with construction approximately 80 percent complete, TriMet officials announced the line's targeted opening for the following spring, months earlier than the previously anticipated September commencement. Line testing began in February 2004 and continued up to the extension's inauguration.

Opening and service realignment
The 5.8 mi Interstate MAX extension opened on May1, 2004, four months ahead of schedule and $25 million under budget. TriMet created a new MAX service called the "Yellow Line", which ran from Expo Center station in North Portland to the Library and Galleria stations in downtown Portland, turning around at the 11th Avenue tracks; it followed First Avenue and Morrison and Yamhill streets upon entry into downtown, serving this segment alongside the Blue and Red lines. The Yellow Line replaced TriMet bus route 5–Interstate. Over 20,000 people attended opening day celebrations, and TriMet offered free rides for two days. The presence of the line spurred redevelopment along the corridor, including new investments from Fred Meyer and New Seasons Market.

On August30, 2009, TriMet rerouted the Yellow Line to begin serving the light rail tracks added to the rebuilt Portland Transit Mall, with the PSU Urban Center stations as its interim southern termini. The agency had placed the construction of the intended PSU South termini on hold as it awaited transit-oriented development projects in the area to finish. The PSU South stations opened in September 2012. Following the completion of the Portland–Milwaukie Light Rail Project, which extended MAX to Milwaukie, the Yellow Line became partially interlined with the new Orange Line. TriMet claimed separating the lines would allow it to better control service frequencies from North Portland and Milwaukie to downtown Portland, as it expected higher ridership along the Orange Line. It also anticipated few riders from these communities traveling beyond the city center. Most Orange Line trains subsequently took over operating the southbound 5th Avenue segment of the transit mall on September12, 2015.

Proposed extension to Clark County, Washington

Passenger rail service once operated between Portland and Vancouver. In October 1888, the Portland and Vancouver Railway Company opened a steam dummy line and called it the Vancouver line. Its tracks initially ran from the corner of First and Washington streets in downtown Portland north to Hayden Island, where Vancouver-bound passengers transferred to a ferry to continue across the Columbia River. The line was electrified in 1892 following its acquisition by the Portland Consolidated Street Railway. The first Interstate Bridge, built in 1917, finally extended the tracks across the river and replaced the ferry service. The Vancouver line remained operational as part of the Portland Railway, Light and Power Company until its closure in September 1940.

Regional planners in Oregon considered restoring rail service to Vancouver in 1974, when TriMet proposed a light rail line at the same time Governor Tom McCall's task force studied options for allocating federal assistance funds diverted from the canceled Mount Hood Freeway project. Then in 1984, a bi-state advisory committee revisited the concept, envisioning 8,000 commuters from Clark County by the year 2000. Both proposals were shelved due to feasibility issues and a lack of funding. Following the South/North project's initial defeat, planning for a separate North Portland to Clark County segment continued. New studies were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of a light rail-only bridge or tunnel, while other studies suggested light rail on a third vehicular bridge, an idea that had been considered since the late 1980s. An environmental study released in February 1998 for the South/North project's third iteration included an option for a low bridge with a lift span, but a decision was made to reserve the option for a later phase.

In 2004, Oregon and Washington began efforts to replace the Interstate Bridge, citing the bridge's declining structural integrity and worsening congestion. This culminated in the Columbia River Crossing project in 2008. The project would have replaced the bridge and extended MAX further north from the Expo Center through Hayden Island and across the Columbia River to downtown Vancouver and Clark College, adding seven new stations along 2.9 mi of new track. Planners projected the extension to cost upwards of $3.5 billion (equivalent to $ in dollars). In June 2013, three months after the Oregon Legislature authorized $450 million in state funding, the Washington State Senate declined to fund Washington's share, with opponents citing the inclusion of light rail as a common reason for rejecting the proposal. The states terminated the project in March 2014.

A light rail extension into Clark County remains part of Metro's 2018 Regional Transportation Plan for 2040. The plan assumes a cost of $4.1 billion for the entire project, of which $3.1 billion would be used to replace the Interstate Bridge, $80 million to build a second bridge connecting Hayden Island to Portland Expo Center, and $850 million for the remainder of the extension. The Southwest Washington Regional Transportation Council also includes the light rail corridor in their own 2040 plan.

Route

The Yellow Line serves the 5.8 mi Interstate MAX segment. It begins at Expo Center station, which occupies the east end of the Portland Expo Center parking lot. From there, the line heads south following Expo Road. At Delta Park/Vanport station, it become elevated as part of a 3850 ft viaduct, which crosses over Victory Boulevard, Interstate Avenue, the Columbia Slough, and Columbia Boulevard and ends at a level crossing on Argyle Street. Just south of Kenton/North Denver Avenue station, the tracks enter the median of Interstate Avenue and proceed south towards Interstate/Rose Quarter station at the Rose Quarter. The Interstate MAX ends where it connects with the Eastside MAX segment near the east end of the Steel Bridge. Yellow Line trains continue west across the Willamette River and into downtown Portland via the Glisan Street ramp. A wye just south of Union Station splits the double-tracks to establish the northern end of the Portland Transit Mall on 5th and 6th avenues.

On the Portland Transit Mall, southbound Yellow Line trains operate through into the Orange Line bound for Milwaukie at Union Station/Northwest 5th & Glisan station on 5th Avenue. Conversely, Yellow Line trains serve the northbound 6th Avenue segment as through-routed continuations of the Orange Line from PSU South/Southwest 6th and College station alongside Green Line trains. Near PSU Urban Center/Southwest 6th & Montgomery station, MAX tracks cross with the Portland Streetcar, which serves a stop on Mill Street. Between the Pioneer Courthouse and Pioneer Courthouse Square at Pioneer Courthouse/Southwest 6th station, the 6th Avenue MAX line intersects with east–west MAX lines on Yamhill and Morrison streets, facilitating a transfer to the Pioneer Square South and Pioneer Square North stations. The line continues northward, entering Northwest Portland after passing Burnside Street, eventually reaching the north end of the transit mall at Union Station/Northwest 6th and Hoyt station.

From its opening in 2004 until 2009, the Yellow Line followed the Eastside MAX alignment from the east end of the Steel Bridge to the 11th Avenue tracks in downtown Portland, serving the stations from Old Town/Chinatown to Library and Galleria alongside Blue and Red line trains. It was rerouted to the Portland Transit Mall in August 2009 after the addition of light rail to 5th and 6th avenues.

Stations

The Interstate MAX segment consists of ten stations from Expo Center to Interstate/Rose Quarter. Of these stations, seven occupy the median of Interstate Avenue, which gives the segment its name. The Yellow Line is the only service that operates along the Interstate MAX. It also serves seven stations in downtown Portland along the northbound segment of the Portland Transit Mall on 6th Avenue, and these are shared with the Green Line. Transfers to the Orange Line, which runs southbound from Union Station in downtown Portland to Southeast Park Avenue station in Oak Grove, can be made at any of the seven stations along the transit mall's 5th Avenue alignment, although most southbound Yellow Line trains operate through into the Orange Line.

Riders may transfer to the Blue and Red lines by detraining at Pioneer Courthouse/Southwest 6th station and boarding at the Pioneer Square stations, and to the Blue, Green, and Red lines by detraining at Interstate/Rose Quarter station and boarding at Rose Quarter Transit Center. Other connections include Amtrak near Union Station/Northwest 6th & Hoyt station, the Portland Streetcar at PSU Urban Center/Southwest 6th & Montgomery station, Frequent Express (FX) along the Portland Transit Mall, and local and intercity bus services at several stops across the line.

Service
As of May 2019, the Yellow Line operates for approximately 21 hours per day with the first northbound train arriving at Interstate/Rose Quarter station at 4:15 am as a through service of the Blue Line. The first southbound train departs Expo Center station for Union Station/Northwest 5th and Glisan at 5:03 am, where most trains continue as Orange Line services bound for Southeast Park Avenue station in Milwaukie. The first northbound train from PSU South/Southwest 6th and College departs for the Expo Center station at 5:05 am; end-to-end travel takes approximately 35 minutes. In the evenings, select southbound trains turn into eastbound Blue Line trains at Interstate/Rose Quarter station and continue on to Ruby Junction/East 197th Avenue station in Gresham, while other trains proceed along the Portland Transit Mall as part of the Green Line, terminating at PSU South/Southwest 5th and Jackson. The last northbound train departs PSU South station at 12:21 am and the last southbound train departs Expo Center station at 1:04 am. MAX Yellow Line schedules:
 * For weekday, to Portland City Center and PSU:
 * For weekday, to Expo Center:
 * For Saturday, to Portland City Center and PSU:
 * For Saturday, to Expo Center:
 * For Sunday, to Portland City Center and PSU:
 * For Sunday, to Expo Center: TriMet designates the Yellow Line as a "Frequent Service" route, running on a headway of 15 minutes during most of the day, which extends up to 30 minutes in the early morning and late evening hours.

Ridership
The Yellow Line is the fourth-busiest MAX service, averaging 12,960 riders on weekdays in September 2019, down from 13,170 for the same month in 2018. Ridership projections in 2003, several months before the line's opening, expected 13,900 passengers per day during the line's first few years, growing to 20,000 daily passengers by 2020. For the 2015 fiscal year, the Yellow Line recorded 4.9 million total boardings, down from 5.4 million recorded in 2012. The drop in ridership, experienced systemwide, is attributed to crime and to lower-income riders being forced out of the inner city by rising housing prices.

Impact of urban renewal
The presence of the Interstate MAX and its accompanying ICURA plan has been partly blamed for gentrifying historically black Portland neighborhoods. In an analysis conducted by The Oregonian on the 2010 United States Census, approximately 10,000 people of color have left Portland's Central City between 2000 and 2010. Of this number, 8,400 had lived in inner North and Northeast Portland neighborhoods. According to another report by the Portland Housing Bureau, neighborhoods around Interstate Avenue and Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard were the only areas in Portland that experienced double-digit percentage declines in minority population from 2000 to 2013. During the same period, the Interstate Corridor gained more than 13,000 new white and non-Hispanic residents.

The 2000-adopted ICURA plan had outlined policies to prevent the displacement of existing residents—such as ensuring that affordable housing would be top priority—that the Portland Development Commission (PDC) later eliminated. Amid mounting pressure from the community, the PDC began setting aside 30 percent of the urban renewal funds for affordable housing in 2006. The PDC amended the ICURA plan in July 2011, expanding its boundaries to 3990 acre and 17 neighborhoods. In 2016, the city allocated a budget of $52 million to help pay for housing projects within the urban renewal area and devised a housing plan referred to as the "preference policy", which offered a way for affected residents to stay or return to their neighborhoods.

title: MAX Yellow Line


text:
Republika (band)

Republika was a Polish rock band which began in 1978 in Toruń, Poland. Originally, the band was founded and fronted by Jann Castor under the name Res Publica. (See the links and notes below). The name took its origin from "Rzecz Pospolita" (Res Publica), but under the communist regime at the time the name was censored and not allowed. It has to be noted, that the band name was invented by Kris Caputa (Polish) currently residing in Victoria BC, Canada, who for the last thirty years worked in various fields of applied science, including astronomical instrumentation and numerical electrodynamics. One of the most notable member was the brother of Jann Castor, Zbigniew Ruciński, who was a guitar virtuoso - and it was him, who brought Grzegorz Ciechowski into the whole picture. The original art (black & white) was created by Ina Koneczna, an artist from Torun, which was later transformed (but based on her art) into black and white stripes that became the band's logo. Republika became one of the most original European bands thanks to their specific anti-mainstream rock & roll songs and black-and-white performance motif. Their new wave-inspired music and lyrics, both catchy and poetic, forged a path into the Polish rock pantheon. Republika debuted at a new wave band concert in Torun in November 1981.

In June 1982 the band, consisting of Paweł Kuczyński (bass), Zbigniew Krzywański (guitar), Sławomir Ciesielski (drums), and Grzegorz Ciechowski (vocal, piano, flute) began a three-month recording session, which resulted in the classic 1983 album Nowe sytuacje (eng. New Situations). Within a year, Republika recorded Nieustanne tango (eng. Permanent Tango), which was a logical expansion of the anti-regime musical ideas they'd established in their debut. The band also released an English-language album, the Orwellian bell-ringer entitled 1984. Due to artistic quarrels, Republika disbanded in the summer of 1986. Grzegorz Ciechowski kicked off a solo career under as Obywatel G.C. (Citizen G.C); Kuczyński, Krzywański and Ciesielski, along with vocalist Robert Gawliński founded the band, Opera. Using unreleased Republika song sketches, Ciechowski released a solo album, Obywatel G.C., in 1986. His debut was an artistic success rather than a commercial one; however his 1988 sophomore effort, Tak! Tak! was a blockbuster. In 1990, a concert in Opole acted as a catalyst for Republika's reunion. Only Kuczyński refused the proposition, so as a trio, the band issued their comeback album, 1991, which was a compilation of their well-known but rearranged songs. Kuczyński was replaced by Leszek Biolik, with whom Ciechowski, Krzywański, and Ciesielski finished recording the final Obywatel G.C. album titled ''Obywatel Świata;; (Citizen of the World).

In 1993, the first live unplugged album Bez Prądu (Unplugged, lit. Without current) was released. The same year Republika recorded the classic album Siódma Pieczęć (eng. The Seventh Seal), which presented a more acoustic countenance, with keyboards and samplers replaced by Hammond or Rhodes piano. In 1995, they released the rather pop-sounding album, Republika marzeń (eng. Republic of Dreams). The last studio album recorded by the band was Masakra (eng. Slaughter), inspired by modern heavy rock and trip-hop. Grzegorz Ciechowski's sudden cardiac death on December 22, 2001 interrupted the production of the next Republika album. Four finished tracks along with 15 live songs comprised a double-CD simply titled Republika.

In popular culture

 * The song Psy Pawłowa was used during the closing credits for the 2016 video game SUPERHOT.

title: Republika (band)


text:
List of Ottawa Senators head coaches

The Ottawa Senators are a professional ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The team is a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Senators, named after the original Ottawa Senators, began play in the NHL as an expansion team in 1992. Having first played at the Ottawa Civic Centre, the Senators have played their home games at the Canadian Tire Centre, which was first named The Palladium, since 1996. The team has been to the Stanley Cup Finals in the 2006–07 season, but lost to the Anaheim Ducks in five games. The current head coach is Jacques Martin in his second tenure, having been named interim head coach on December 18, 2023.

Summary
The modern Senators' first head coach was Rick Bowness. Bowness was a former NHL head coach for the Boston Bruins. Bowness coached for four seasons until November 1996, when he was fired by then-GM Randy Sexton, let go in a dispute over the playing time of Alexandre Daigle, who was not playing well. Bowness' successor, Dave Allison, the then-coach of the Senators' farm team the Prince Edward Island Senators of the American Hockey League (AHL) had no success with Ottawa. The club won only two of 25 games during his tenure. The club, in turmoil at the time, replaced GM Sexton with Pierre Gauthier, who fired Allison. Allison is the only person to have each spent his entire NHL head coaching career with the Senators.

One of Gauthier's first moves as GM was the hiring of Jacques Martin. Martin, who coached the Senators for nine seasons, is the franchise's all-time leader for the most regular-season games coached (692), the most regular-season game wins (341), the most playoff games coached (69), and the most playoff-game wins (31). Martin was the first Senators coach to win the Jack Adams Award, having won it in the 1998–99 season. Although the club had regular-season success with Martin, he never led the team to much playoff success, and he was fired after the team lost in the first round of the 2004 playoffs.

During Martin's tenure, the club hired Roger Neilson, a long-time NHL head coach, as an assistant coach. For the last two games of the 2001–02 season Neilson was officially made the head coach so that he could become the ninth head coach in NHL history to coach 1,000 games. Martin returned to head coach the team for the playoffs. Neilson would be the assistant coach for Ottawa for one more season, before succumbing to cancer in 2003. The club won the Presidents' Trophy in 2003 for the best regular-season record in the league and made it to the Eastern Conference Finals before losing to the eventual Stanley Cup champion New Jersey Devils. Neilson is the only Senators head coach to have been elected into the Hockey Hall of Fame, elected as a builder.

Martin's successor was Bryan Murray. Murray, at the time of his hiring in 2004, was the general manager of the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim. He joined the Senators to return home, having been born in nearby Shawville, Quebec. The first season of Murray's term was lost to the lockout, but when the team returned to play it continued its winning ways. Murray coached the team for two seasons, and the club made it to the 2007 Stanley Cup Finals, the modern Senators' first appearance in the Finals. After the Finals, Murray's contract to coach was due to expire. GM Muckler's contract had one more season to run and Muckler was expected to retire after that one further season. Rather than let Murray go, team owner Eugene Melnyk and team president Roy Mlakar decided to promote Murray to GM, replacing Muckler.

Murray promoted assistant John Paddock to head coach for the 2007–08 season. The club started well, but the team declined to the point where Murray fired Paddock after 64 games. Paddock's overall record of 36–22-6 was good, but the club was playing below .500 since a 15–2 start to the season, and there were controversies surrounding goaltender Ray Emery and Wade Redden. Murray returned to the bench to guide the Senators for the rest of the season and the playoffs, where the team lost in the first round.

For the 2008–09 season, the Senators made several personnel moves and chose Craig Hartsburg, a former NHL head coach, as head coach to promote 'accountability' on the part of the players. However, the team continued its sub .500 record and Hartsburg was let go after only 48 games with a record of 17–24–7.

Cory Clouston was named the head coach on February 2, 2009. Clouston was already a part of the Senators organization as head coach of the Binghamton Senators. Clouston served as head coach for two further seasons, before being fired on April 9, 2011. The team made the playoffs in his first full season of coaching, but slid to the bottom of the standings in his second season.

Paul MacLean was hired on June 14, 2011. MacLean, a former NHL player, had previously been an assistant coach with Anaheim and Detroit. MacLean had previously worked with Murray in Anaheim. During his term, MacLean was twice nominated for the Jack Adams Trophy for coach of the year, winning it for the 2012–13 season. MacLean was fired on December 8, 2014, and replaced by his assistant Dave Cameron.

After the 2015–16 season, in which the Senators failed to make the playoffs, Dave Cameron was fired and replaced by Guy Boucher. Boucher guided the club in its first season to a berth in the Eastern Conference Final, losing in overtime in the seventh game to the eventual Stanley Cup champion Pittsburgh Penguins. In his second season, the team nosedived to 30th-place overall. In his third season, Boucher was fired prior on March 1, 2019, with the club in 31st-place overall. His associate coach, Marc Crawford was named as interim head coach. D. J. Smith was then hired as the permanent head coach on May 23, 2019, for the 2019–20 season. After four further seasons without a playoff appearance, capped by an 11–15–0 start to the 2023–24 season, Smith was fired on December 18, 2023, and replaced on an interim basis by former Senators head coach Jacques Martin. After the conclusion of the season, Travis Green was hired as the team's new head coach.

Head coaches
Note: Statistics are correct through the 2023–24 season

title: List of Ottawa Senators head coaches


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Reception theory

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep revised stub moink 12:35, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

Reception theory
Page is currently blank; I cannot really find enough about this theory to make it seem noteworthy outside of the bio page about the man himself. Master Thief Garrett 02:13, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * There are whole books about reception theory of various kinds. Go back to the version with Stuart Hall, clean up. Charles Matthews 07:55, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as written -- it's content-free. Keep the re-write. --Carnildo 21:27, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Reception Theory deserves its own article - it is a well known school of thought in academic literary criticism.  I just wrote a very short stub to replace the blank page.  Someone who knows more should extend it.  Sheldrake 00:15, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The stub is fine and encyclopedic. It'll do for now. I'm getting a bit pissed at reading VfDs of articles that should obviously have just been cleaned up. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 19:02, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The article as originally written consisted of the fragment "for more on the ideas in Stuart Hall's essay encoding/decoding, see reception theory". I would have tagged it for speedy deletion, rather than VfD. --Carnildo  21:50, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Not very constructive. Wikipedia's article on Stuart Hall, the famous media theorist, will tell you quite a lot about Reception theory--certainly enough to make a good stub. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 23:35, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Fine stub. Shanes 22:09, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep, as revised. I don't really know enough about the subject matter myself, but I assume the others know what they're talking about! Master Thief Garrett 22:32, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC) Keep, it's fine now! Master Thief Garrett 23:44, 1 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as revised. Adequate stub. Vast improvement over initial page. --Dcfleck 20:54, 2005 May 1 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Kapiri Mposhi

Kapiri Mposhi is a Zambian town and the seat of the Kapiri Mposhi District in Central Province. Located north of Lusaka, it stands on the Great North Road and is significant for the railway connection between the Zambia Railways line from Kitwe to Lusaka and the western terminus (New Kapiri Mposhi) of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority from Dar es Salaam since 1976.

Location
The town lies in the middle of Zambia, next to the boundary with Copperbelt Province.

The town is approximately 60 km north of Kabwe and 110 km south of Ndola.

It is surrounded by 8 districts, namely, Kabwe District to the south, Chisamba District to the south-east, Luano District on the east, Mkushi District on the north-east, Masaiti District to the north, Mpongwe District to the north-west, Ngabwe District to the west and Chibombo District to the south-west.

Transport
It is situated at the junction of the T2 road (Great North Road; which connects south to Kabwe and Lusaka and north-east to Mpika and Tanzania) and the T3 road (which connects north to Ndola, Kitwe, Chingola and the Democratic Republic Of Congo).

Kapiri Mposhi has two railways stations, the terminal station of the 1067 mm TAZARA Railway that connects it to Mpika, Kasama and Dar-es-Salaam in the north-east; and an en-route Zambia Railways station that connects it to Lusaka and Livingstone in the south and to Ndola and Kitwe in the north.

Notable residents
Janny Sikazwe, association football referee.

title: Kapiri Mposhi


text:
List of twin towns and sister cities in the United Kingdom

This is a list of places in the United Kingdom having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also includes villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Northern Ireland
Antrim and Newtownabbey

 * 🇩🇪 Dorsten, Germany
 * 🇺🇸 Gilbert, United States
 * 🇵🇱 Rybnik, Poland

Ards and North Down
 * 🇺🇸 Virginia Beach, United States

Armagh
 * 🇧🇬 Razgrad, Bulgaria

Ballymena

 * 🇬🇮 Gibraltar, Gibraltar
 * 🇺🇸 Morehead, United States

Ballymoney

 * 🇮🇲 Douglas, Isle of Man
 * 🇫🇷 Vanves, France

Banbridge
 * 🇫🇷 Ruelle-sur-Touvre, France

Bangor

 * 🇦🇹 Bregenz, Austria
 * 🇺🇸 Virginia Beach, United States

Belfast

 * 🇺🇸 Boston, United States
 * 🇨🇳 Hefei, China
 * 🇺🇸 Nashville, United States
 * 🇨🇳 Shenyang, China

Carrickfergus

 * 🇺🇸 Anderson, United States
 * 🇺🇸 Danville, United States
 * 🇺🇸 Jackson, United States
 * 🇺🇸 Portsmouth, United States
 * 🇵🇱 Ruda Śląska, Poland

Coleraine
 * 🇫🇷 La Roche-sur-Yon, France

Cookstown

 * 🇫🇷 Plérin, France
 * 🇵🇱 Wronki, Poland

Craigavon
 * 🇺🇸 LaGrange, United States

Downpatrick
 * 🇫🇷 Bezons, France

Dromore
 * 🇺🇸 Drumore Township, United States

Enniskillen terminated its twinning.

Larne
 * 🇺🇸 Clover, United States

Limavady

 * 🇫🇷 Vigneux-sur-Seine, France
 * 🇮🇪 Westport, Ireland

Moyle

 * 🇮🇪 Ballinasloe, Ireland
 * 🇵🇸 Gaza City, Palestine
 * 🇫🇷 Pourrières, France

Newcastle
 * 🇮🇪 New Ross, Ireland

Newry, Mourne and Down

 * 🇺🇸 Aberdeen, United States
 * 🇮🇪 County Clare, Ireland
 * 🇺🇸 Pinehurst, United States
 * 🇺🇸 Sioux Falls, United States
 * 🇺🇸 Southern Pines, United States

Newtownards
 * 🇫🇮 Kemi, Finland

Omagh terminated its twinning.

Rathfriland
 * 🇨🇦 Armstrong, Canada


text:
Talk:Northeast, Minneapolis

New NE article
I just put this up, but there's some changes I'd like. First off I need to find a better photo. The current one doesn't really do the old milling district justice. So if you have one, feel free. Otherwise I'll be looking for a replacement. I also want to add more about the current state of "Nordeast" focusing on the arts more, maybe talking about art-a-whirl more, maybe adding the logo. Rx StrangeLove 02:14, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Um
Wait.. This article partly covers southeast. Northeast Minneapolis is technically north of East Hennepin Ave. Yeah, the street/postal directions are screwed up in this city. Southeast is this stupid little wedge that gets in everyone's way (and I live there ;-) —User:Mulad (talk) 18:19, May 10, 2005 (UTC)

Nordeast
I went ahead and threw the other common short-name into the first line. Despite two different redirects (from Nordeast and Nordeast Minneapolis), the name was oddly never mentioned in this article. --Bobak 18:38, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

nordeast
No one who lives in Northeast calls it Nordeast. I have lived in Northeast for 10+ years and, with rare exception (maybe 4 or 5 times in these 10 years,) I have only heard people from other parts of the city use the term. My guess is at one time it was a mildly amusing term for locals to use mocking and/or celebrating the ethnic history of the quadrant, but when people from other parts of the city started using the term, usually in some psudo-scandanavian accent not unlike the Swedish Chef, it was time to put the term to bed. It's not as much offensive as it is stupid. Hardly anything paints one as a non-local faster than using this term.

I was born in NE and have lived there ever since. while "Nordeast" is not commonly used, it's not frowned upon either. I remember my grandparents referring to "Nordeast" many a time while growing up. You'll find that many establishments in the area still use the neighborhood moniker proudly. Psycho Suzi's Motor Lounge, for example, uses the word a few times in their menu. Call it "stupid" if you want, but its a part of NE history that many of us still like.

 * Agree, it's common enough and certainly used by residents and businesses in NE. Part of it's history and is still a well known way to refer to the area. RxS 03:03, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

I have lived and worked in NE for several years. I call it "Nordeast" with pride. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.23.159.138 (talk) 18:51, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

When I lived there from 2002 to 2013, I never heard any locals use Nordeast. In fact I hadn't heard the term until 2010 or so.

More to Nordeast
This article doesn't really cover much of NE outside of the St. Anthony Main area. Everything down Marshall, University, and Central seems to be completely left out. Places like the Minnesota Center for Photography, the Holy Land Deli, and the myriad NE bars (Grumpy's, Mayzlacks, Polish Palace), are the reason many non-nordeasters come to the area. Any intent to remedy this?
 * This article needs SERIOUS help. First its geographically unclear, what is Northeast? Everything northeast of the river all the way to the border with Columbia Heights? Or merely the Old St. Anthony downtown? Every picture in this article is about Old St. Anthony but that is not Northeast Minneapolis, sure we call it Northeast as its the oldest downtown of the northeast area. But yeah Psycho Suzys, Holyland, lots of random historic buildings I know nothing about, and not to mention dun dun dun, Riverside Power Plant railing in lots of yummy coal to the area. And what about my favorite St. Anthony Park. Lawl, this article was written by a suburbanite/out-of-towner/Wisconsinite because the way I read it, it reminds me of what I use to think was called Northeast back in my B-town days. .:DavuMaya:. 05:57, 11 September 2007 (UTC)
 * LOL i fixed this. .:DavuMaya:. 18:10, 11 June 2008 (UTC)
 * I like your recent changes, but I question one aspect. I think the area south of East Hennepin is more often referred to as Southeast. Isn't that what the road signs say?--Appraiser (talk) 19:07, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

Merger proposal
 The result was merge into Northeast, Minneapolis. It's all done ja! .:DavuMaya:. 16:04, 5 October 2007 (UTC) Okkkkkkkaaaaaaaay I was bold and have proposed to merge this into Northeast, Minneapolis. Why? My end goal is to get the record straight and possibly take out some redundancy. On another point, this article actually reflects Old St. Anthony and parts of this article should technically be merged over there. .:DavuMaya:. 06:36, 11 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Our NRP communities are officially recognized and this content should fall under them. There should be one article because it's all the same Northeast. There we can clarify the confusions made over what is Northeast, Nordeast, St. Anthony, Old St. Anthony, etc. Because so many new people come through this area, 9/10 the edits here on Wikipedia do not reflect the actual history of the residents who live/lived here not to mention established published sources.
 * There is no Southeast Minneapolis, no South Minneapolis no Longfellow Minneapolis, they all have their own community pages ie Longfellow, Minneapolis with a comma. Using the Northeast, Minneapolis name stays with current established Wiki naming policy (Neighborhood, City, State) and is consistent with existing pages of the same topic.
 * The original page only covered the Old St. Anthony downtown, today's edits stretching that to cover the entire Northeast area to the city limits shows that the original author was confused. Nordeast IS Old St. Anthony seeing as this article discusses the history of the original St. Anthony and fails to talk about Central or Marshall or Lowry (people there would be downright upset if they saw this article).
 * This will be a repeat of the first but again, there is not enough distinction between the NRP outlined community and the culturally known one. Yes the border drawn is a little off-set but that can be explained in the official article that some of what is considered University is generally part of Northeast. I mean how do the thousands of naive students with laptops and boredom for Wikipedia know that the true Northeast heart lies on Central Ave and Univ NE?

Merge All of Northeast, Nordeast, Old St. Anthony, etc. can be in one article. Putting it all together could result in a nice well-rounded article, including history, demographics, immigration, industry, revitalization, and influence of the U.--Appraiser 12:35, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

Merge works for me. Old St Anthony association is trying to rebrand itself as "Northeast", so one article will help alleviate some confusion. I'm all for making the title consistent with wiki styles. I would start with the current Northeast Minneapolis and add on from there. Natcase 18:33, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

Okay just making sure we clarify that Northeast, Minneapolis is the Wiki standard. Reasoning being the comma indicates the area is within Minneapolis otherwise the entire phrase would be confused for an actual City or entity. East Detroit for example is not just east of Detroit, its an actual city with its own Mayor and government, which is why in '92 it was renamed Eastpointe. I'll reiterate - the point is the NRP community called "Northeast" and what we consider Northeast is one in the same and there is nothing more distinctive other the fact in the '70s Northeast was officially given lines on a map. As well, the popularized Northeast doesn't stray from its own borders unlike Uptown which is indeed across distinctive n'hoods. As with previous comments, combining everything will create a much more unified and clear understanding of what Northeast is and how the Neighborhood organization grew from it. I will keep the Neighborhood articles distinctive instead of merging them because precedence has already been set. For example Phillips, Minneapolis was recently split into four neighborhoods and separate pages were created for each. It's respectful that we give the NRP n'hoods their own page since they are written in law. .:DavuMaya:. 03:06, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

Agree with the merge, there should only be one "northeast" article. I suppose a case could be made for keeping Old St Anthony separate...but it's not a big deal. I'm indifferent to the inclusion of a comma. One comment though, we don't expect new articles to be fully formed and totally inclusive when first added. So a new article that's not fully formed is less a matter of confusion and more a result of how Wikipedia articles evolve. So if information is missing, please add it! In any case, Northeast certainly deserves a unified page. I could be persuaded that a separate Old St Anthony page is justified considering that it covers more ground then just NE and had a historical impact that went beyond NE but...shrug... RxS 20:31, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Props to StrangeLove there, I was kind of mean to ya which was indirect frustration over some editing that was going on on other pages (COUGh 35W). I agree we won't have perfect pages and part of the Wiki process is having the power to rename, move, merge, etc which is all part of how WP works anyway, right? Cools. Since it has been nearly a month with near consensus, I will begin moving content over to Northeast, Minneapolis and after all the content is moved I will formally delete Northeast Minneapolis. I have not decided what to do with the Old St. Anthony article..:DavuMaya:. 06:15, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

Economy
OK, we need to do more economy than the commerical district (though noting the other commercial districts in NE would help). I'm a relative newbie in the area, so what I know about is: That's a start, anway--Natcase 13:02, 5 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Riverfront industry: Grain Belt Brewery, lumber, etc.
 * The rail yards
 * the industrial park (Nabisco, Cream of Wheat, Daytons Warehouse historically. Now all kinds of stuff)
 * blue collar part of town: mostly industry, less office and financial
 * distinct NE businesses like Northeast Bank, Rainville Funeral Home, I don't know...

Quarry
The dates on the Quarry shopping center seem to be a bit off. I remember shopping at that Target and Rainbow when I first came to the Cities in 1998... but according to the article it didn't open until 2000. Are we sure it's a reliable source? 209.23.159.138 (talk) 18:54, 20 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I fixed it a while back. Opened in 96. .:davumaya:.

18th Century
Since I am not aware of pre-19th century buildings in Minneapolis, I assume the reference to 18th century, or 17xx, buildings in Northeast Minneapolis was a typographical error. I have corrected accordingly. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.245.9.48 (talk) 06:44, 14 December 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Northeast, Minneapolis


text:
Talk:Jean Gottmann

Untitled
Jean Gottmann's name ends with "nn"; Microsoft's Expedia spells it incorrectly. Just check any of his books or article to verify that Gottmann is the correct spelling.

I agree, I moved this page to Jean Gottmann. - Stoph 02:20, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 03:52, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Jean Gottmann


text: User talk:24.151.96.75

title: User talk:24.151.96.75


text:
Clairemont High School

Clairemont High School is a public high school serving grades 9-12. It is located in the community of Clairemont Mesa, San Diego, California, United States. It is part of the San Diego Unified School District. The campus is situated close to the intersection of Balboa Avenue and Clairemont Drive. It is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges.

History
The school is named after the Clairemont community in which it is located.

When Clairemont opened its doors in 1958, it consisted of no senior class, a junior class (class of 1960) consisting mostly of transfers from Mission Bay High School in nearby Pacific Beach and Kearny High School, and a sophomore class (class of 1961) coming from its neighbor, Marston Junior High. There was no freshman class.

Ritchie Valens, who at the time had two hits on the charts, "La Bamba" and "Donna," played at Clairemont High School's opening.

On December 18, 1970, Mason Williams ('Classical Gas') performed benefit concerts for the Pala Indian Reservation Cultural Center hosted by Clairemont High School. Organized by the ASB, Mr. Wallazz 'Wally' Eaton (ASB advisor) and sponsored by the nonprofit 'Americans for Indian Future and Tradition,' Williams performed two shows -- one during the day for the students and an evening show for the general public. The event was a success and raised $1400 -- enough funds at that time to pay for the block walls. Local TV news and the Sentinel newspaper were on campus to report the award of the donation to elders of the tribe by the ASB president on behalf of CHS and AIFT. Today, the Cupa Cultural Center remains an integral part of the Pala Indian Reservation in northern San Diego County. A plaque at the Center lists Clairemont High School as a contributor.

Mary Catherine Swanson started the AVID program at Clairemont High in 1980 with 32 students.

Sports

In 1971, the Chieftain Harriers won the CIF Championship a second year in a row with a 12-0 record to win the Western League Title with their star runner, Dave Harper. Coach Aaron York estimated to train for that season, the team ran over a thousand miles.

In 2014 Clairemont's varsity softball team won the CIF Division III title by defeating Brawley 3-0.

In 2017 both Boys and Girls Water Polo teams won CIF. Boys won Division II and Girls won Division I.

Clairemont has a variety of sports teams. The most attended game is football. The last time the football team won CIF was in 1981. The team made the playoffs in 1962, 1991, 1994, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2012, and 2019.

Clairemont has a long distance running tradition and won CIF championships in girls' cross country in 2009 and 2010.

Clairemont's mascot is the Chieftain, the school newspaper is The Arrow', and the annual is The Calumet'' (which is a ceremonial pipe used for special occasions by early native American tribes).

In popular culture
The movie Fast Times at Ridgemont High (and the book published first) were inspired by author Cameron Crowe's undercover research at Clairemont High School during the 1978-79 school year.

A track on the band Pierce the Veil's album Selfish Machines is titled "Fast Times at Clairemont High".

Notable alumni

 * Barbara Haskell, class of 1964, curator of the Whitney Museum of American Art, 1975–present
 * Ken Henderson, Class of 1964 former Major League Baseball player, 1965-1980
 * Luís Alberto Urrea, class of 1973, poet, novelist, and essayist
 * Kris Jenner, class of 1973, stars on reality TV show Keeping Up with the Kardashians
 * Kelly Ward, class of 1974, actor, played Putzie in the film Grease
 * Jennifer Batten, class of 1975, solo guitarist, toured with Jeff Beck and Michael Jackson
 * Mike Winters, class of 1976, Major League Baseball umpire, 1990–present
 * Mo Gaffney, class of 1976, actress and comedian
 * Thomas A. Shannon Jr., class of 1976, Assistant Secretary of State
 * Bob Geren, class of 1979, baseball player, former manager of the Oakland Athletics and bench coach of the New York Mets is currently the major league bench coach under Dave Roberts for the Los Angeles Dodgers
 * Andy Rathbone, class of 1979, author of a number of ...for Dummies books about Microsoft Windows, as well as other computing books
 * Casey Nicholaw, class of 1980, actor, Directed, Choreographed, and performed in multiple musicals
 * David Oliver, class of 1980, actor, Another World, A Year in the Life, and 21 Jump Street
 * Kristen R. Ghodsee, class of 1988, writer and professor
 * Aaron and Adam Weis, class of 1999, child actors and teachers
 * Vic Fuentes, class of 2001, Lead singer and guitarist in band, Pierce The Veil
 * Mike Fuentes, class of 2002, Drummer in band, Pierce The Veil
 * Kendra Wilkinson, class of 2003, Playboy model and reality-television personality
 * Moala Tautuaa, class of 2008, professional basketball player.
 * Kevin Mitchell, baseball player and 1989 National League MVP, San Francisco Giants
 * Tony Muser, former Major League Baseball manager.
 * Chris Bonner, former College and AFL Football Player.

title: Clairemont High School


text: User talk:130.113.3.226

title: User talk:130.113.3.226


text: User talk:146.87.193.90

title: User talk:146.87.193.90


text:
Zire 31

The Zire 31 is a Zire Handheld from palmOne. The product was first released in April 2004 as a replacement for Zire 21. It runs Palm OS 5.2.8 and features a color 160×160 display, a SDIO slot and a standard 3.5mm stereo headphones jack. The improved PIM apps (Calendar, Contacts, Tasks and Memos) are supplied. The ROM includes RealOne Player giving the device some digital audio player capabilities. They can be extended with 3rd party software, such as TCPMP. The Zire 31 has a 5-way navigator pad, but still only 2 quickbuttons, as opposed to the standard 4 on the mid-range Zires 71/72. It was replaced by the Z22, which lacks the SD/MMC/SDIO Expansion and headphone jack.

title: Zire 31


text:
City of Port Augusta

The City of Port Augusta is a local government area located at the northern end of Spencer Gulf in South Australia. It is centred on the town of Port Augusta.

History
The Port Augusta region is a natural crossroads and aborigines have been trading in the area for 40 000 years. European settlement began in the 1840s. The town grew from a pastoral service centre to a railway town with the construction of the overland telegraph line. Port Augusta's rail importance grew with the start of the railways towards Alice Springs and Kalgoorlie.

The municipality was created as the Corporate Town of Port Augusta on 3 November 1875. A number of smaller separate municipalities were proclaimed in the Port Augusta area, including the Corporate Town of Davenport (August 1887), the Corporate Town of Port Augusta West (October 1887), and the District Council of Davenport (January 1888, later called Woolundunga). The municipalities in the area were amalgamated in February 1933, with Port Augusta West, Davenport and part of Woolundunga merged into a larger Port Augusta municipality. It became the City of Port Augusta, with the granting of city status in late 1964.

The Port Augusta Town Hall was built to house the municipality in 1886–87. It was severely damaged by fire in 1944, and rebuilt in 1946. It was vacated by the City in 1983 after the completion of the new Port Augusta Civic Centre. The former town hall fell into disuse, and was advertised for sale by the state government in June 2015 awaiting redevelopment.

Another major industry was the production of electric power. The city was the site of South Australia's main power supplier, the Port Augusta powerhouse, located on the coast of the Spencer Gulf. Three coal-fired power stations burned coal mined at Leigh Creek, the first of which was completed in 1954. The last of these, the Northern Power Station, was shut down in May 2016. Demolition and rehabilitation of the site was completed in May 2019.

Localities
Towns and localities in the district include:

 * Blanche Harbor
 * Commissariat Point
 * Davenport
 * Miranda
 * Mundallio
 * Port Augusta
 * Port Augusta West
 * Port Paterson
 * Saltia (part)
 * Stirling North
 * Wami Kata
 * Winninowie
 * Woolundunga (part)

Council
The City of Port Augusta has a directly elected mayor.

Mayors of Port Augusta
• T. M. Gibson (1875)

• Thomas Young Jr. (1879–1881)

• Thomas Burgoyne (1881–1882)

• Samuel James Mitchell (1882–1883)

• John Crouch Knipe (1884–1886)

• Villeneuve Francis Smith (1886)

• David Drysdale (1886–1887)

• John George Bice (1887–1889)

• Charles Edward Robertson (1889–1895)

• Noel Augustin Webb (1895–1897)

• Thomas Young Jr. (1897–1900)

• Thomas Hewitson (1900–1908)

• Anthony Edward Carrig (1908–1910)

• Thomas Hewitson (1910–1912)

• Joseph Roberts (1912–1917)

• John Gilbert Partridge (1917–1918)

• Joseph Roberts (1918–1919)

• William Allen Burke Litchfield (1919–1921)

• John Gilbert Partridge (1921–1922)

• Joseph Roberts (1922–1924)

• William Allen Burke Litchfield (1924–1925)

• Keith Henderson Hunter (1925–1932)

• James Beerworth (1932–1936)

• Lindsay Riches (1936–1970)

• William Irvin Charles Howard (1970–1981)

• Joy Baluch (1981–1982)

• Kenneth Charles Naisbitt (1982–1983)

• Joy Baluch (1983–1993)

• R. Robertson (1993–1995)

• Joy Baluch (1995–2013)

• Sam Johnson (2013–2018)

• Brett Benbow (2018–2022)

• Linley Shine (2022-)

title: City of Port Augusta


text:
Dil Se..

Dil Se.. (lit. 'From the Heart..') is a 1998 Indian Hindi-language romantic thriller film written and directed by Mani Ratnam who produced it with Ram Gopal Varma and Shekhar Kapur. Set against the backdrop of Insurgency in Assam, the film stars Shah Rukh Khan and Manisha Koirala, while Preity Zinta makes her film debut in a supporting role. An example of parallel cinema, it is noted as the final installment in Ratnam's trilogy consisting of Roja (1992) and Bombay (1995). The film's soundtrack album, composed by A. R. Rahman, sold six million units in India.

Dil Se.. was screened at the Era New Horizons Film Festival and the Helsinki International Film Festival. Noted for its aspects of nonlinear storytelling, the film was moderately successful at the domestic box office; however, it was a major success overseas, earning $975,000 in the United States and £537,930 in the United Kingdom, becoming the first Indian film to enter the top 10 in the United Kingdom box office charts, and it was also a hit in Japan.

At the 44th Filmfare Awards, Dil Se.. received 10 nominations, including Best Actress (Koirala) and Best Supporting Actress (Zinta), and won 6 awards, including Best Female Debut (Zinta) and Best Music Director (Rahman). At the 46th National Film Awards, the film won two awards – Best Cinematography and Best Audiography, while also receiving a Netpac Award at the 49th Berlinale.

Plot
Amarkant Verma is a program executive for All India Radio, dispatched from New Delhi to cover festivities in Assam. On his way there, during a rainy night, Amar is stranded for hours at Haflong railway station to catch the Barak Valley Express. As he waits, he tries to have a smoke and asks a mysterious person for either a match or a lighter. Suddenly a strong gust of wind blows off the person's shawl, revealing a beautiful woman. Amar approaches, tells her she's beautiful, and tries to strike up a conversation. She ignores him. He persists and she eventually asks him for a cup of tea. When he returns with the tea, he watches as she boards the next train with three male passengers and rides off into the distance.

Amar reaches his destination and spots the same woman in Silchar. He attempts to talk to her, but she says she cannot recall meeting him before. As part of his news reporting assignment, for the occasion of fifty years of Indian Independence, Amar interviews many Assamese citizens, and an extremist chief, who blames the Indian Government for human rights violations and poverty in the region. The chief states the Liberationists do not wish to enter into any dialogue with the government and justify their resistance in Northeast India.

Sometime later, Amar describes his encounter with the woman, over the radio, which she hears. He again spots her at a post office in Silchar. At this juncture, she tells him to leave her alone; but he follows her and tells her that he is in love with her. She resists and tells Amar that she is married. Amar decides to apologize to her, but she arrives with two men who beat him unconscious.

During the beating, Amar learns that the men are presumably her brothers and that she had lied about her being married. He rejoices in this discovery, despite being badly bruised and bloody. He reaches her home and learns from the locals that she has left. Amar then goes to the post office where he initially spots her and bribes the PCO owner into giving him her contact details and learns that she is telephoning to Ladakh. Subsequently, Amar travels to Leh, and while recording the Sindhu Darshan Festival, a suicide bomber is chased and shot dead by the Indian military. Amar spots the woman again. As the woman and Amar board a bus, military officers question each passenger before the bus is allowed to leave. Amar tells the officers that he is reporting on the festival, and the woman falsely tells the officers that she is travelling with Amar.

After some travel, the bus breaks down and the passengers are required to walk to a nearby village. En route, the woman reveals her name: Meghna. Amar continues to pursue Meghna, despite her protestations. Meghna tells Amar that her destiny prevents her from being with him. She reveals a traumatic personal history and lets slip that if they were to be together, she would want eight children. Her ambivalence and their mutual attraction are depicted by a daydream dance scene in the desert. The two end up travelling together and recuperate near one another in the desert overnight. In the morning, Amar wakes to find Meghna gone.

Heartbroken, Amar returns to his home in Delhi, where his family introduces him to Preeti Nair from Kerala as a potential bride for him. Preeti confides that she was recently rejected in love and gets Amar to reveal that he was also just dumped. On their date, Amar spots one of Meghna's associates, Kim, who bashed him earlier. Amar chases him down to Connaught Place, where he loses track of the man. Unbeknownst to Amar, the man kills himself with a cyanide pill after being stopped by local police. Because of the extremist nature of the situation, the police relinquish the incident to the CBI. Back at home, Amar agrees to marry Preeti, and wedding preparations promptly begin. Much to Amar's surprise, Meghna shows up at his engagement party and asks Amar for a place to stay and help getting a job at Amar's All India Radio office, which he does.

Amar continues to pine for Meghna, not knowing she arrived in Delhi as part of a Liberationists group which has planned multiple suicide attacks in New Delhi at the upcoming 50th Delhi Republic Day parade. She stays in Amar's residence to escape from the CBI inquiry operation. At one point, Meghna expresses misgivings about her plans to kill innocent civilians. She is scolded by a member of her group and reminded of her duty to their cause.

Based on an eyewitness identification of the Connaught Place incident, Amar is now a prime suspect of the CBI. He is questioned by police and pieces together that Meghna is involved in something dangerous. Amar finds Meghna and questions her motives. She finally reveals to Amar that her name is actually Moina, and as a child, she had been a rape victim of the army. She describes villages being burned to the ground, and family members being raped and murdered. She accuses Amar of having no understanding of her history. She says she seeks justice and liberation through her activities. Amar infers she is planning a suicide attack on the Indian army and the President of India during Republic Day. While trying to grab at a cyanide necklace hanging from her neck, Amar gets arrested for harassing the woman.

In a separate scene, the CBI convinces the Army general of India to grant permission to conduct security checks of all the Army convoys and tankers participating in the parade. An associate of Moina's is privy to the government's secret security plans. Moina's associates bribe the police officers holding Amar to release him. They follow him out of the police station and assault him again. Amar fights back and renders his attacker unconscious. He then answers a call from Moina, which she had placed on his attacker's mobile phone. Amar pleads with Moina to stop all this and marry him. Moina tearfully says that it is too late and that her fate is sealed. The scene ends with the sounds of bullets, which imply Amar has been shot and killed.

But Amar returns home, beaten and bloody, only to find out from Preeti that Amar's mother is also being questioned and that Moina's location is at Sunder Nagar. Preeti asks if he has any intention of marrying her, and Amar says he's the only one who can stop Moina. Amar is arrested again and unable to convince the CBI that he is not working with the terrorists. He says he is in love with Moina and that he met her while interviewing an extremist leader. He says he wants to prevent them from perpetrating an attack. The CBI is not convinced. They sedate him for further interrogation later. Through sheer will, Amar can resist the sedative effects of the injection he received. He escapes from the CBI and continues his relentless pursuit of Moina.

The next day Moina is prepared for her role in a suicide attack, as an explosive device is concealed under her dress. Amar finds her. He expresses his undying love for her and his desire to be with her. He pleads with her to leave with him, so the two of them can start fresh in a new place. He asks her to say that she loves him. When she does not answer, he persists. Desperate, he asks her to at least let him die with her. He pulls her towards him and continues to plead with her to say she loves him. She embraces him. As the two embrace one another, they cry, and the bomb carried by Moina explodes, killing them both.

In mid-credits, the terrorists are shown to be caught by the CBI.

Cast

 * Shah Rukh Khan as Amarkant Verma "Amar"
 * Manisha Koirala as Maina / Meghna
 * Preity Zinta as Preeti Verma
 * Mita Vasisht as Mita
 * Arundhati Rao as Kamal Dev Burman – AIR station director
 * Raghubir Yadav as Shukla ji – AIR manager
 * Zohra Sehgal as Amar's Grandmother
 * Janagaraj as Taxi Driver
 * Gautam Bora as terrorist Leader
 * Sabyasachi Chakrabarty as a terrorist
 * Aditya Srivastava as Terrorist
 * Sanjay Mishra as a terrorist
 * Anupam Shyam as a terrorist
 * Shabbir Masani as a terrorist
 * Krisn Kant as Kim terrorist
 * Manjit Bawa as a terrorist
 * Vineeta Malik as Amar's mother
 * Piyush Mishra as Arun Kashyap (CBI investigation officer)
 * Gajraj Rao as CBI investigation officer
 * Priya Parulekar as Young Maina
 * Malaika Arora in a special appearance in the song "Chaiyya Chaiyya"
 * Vanitha Malik as a school teacher
 * Tigmanshu Dhulia as a cameo appearance as man at the post office
 * Sameer Chanda as cameo appearance Tuba music shop dealer
 * Shaad Ali as a cameo as a citizen of Silchar
 * Wasiq Khan as a cameo
 * Pia Benegal as a cameo
 * Chintu Mohapatra as a cameo
 * Karan Nath as a cameo
 * Hemant Mishra as cameo
 * B. M. Shah as a cameo
 * R. K. Nair as Preeti's father
 * Alka as Preeti's Mother
 * Rajiv Gupta as Sub-inspector
 * Avtar Sahani as Army general
 * Lakshmi Rattan as Hazarika army official
 * Sheeba Chaddha as Moina's sister

Production
Filming began in November 1997, while Shah Rukh Khan was also simultaneously shooting for Karan Johar's Kuch Kuch Hota Hai. Mani Ratnam selected Manisha Koirala to play the lead role, after he was unable to get through to Kajol. Preity Zinta was chosen to play a supporting role. Raveena Tandon was approached by the team to appear in the "Chaiyya Chaiyya" song, but turned down the offer citing her disinterest in featuring as a part of an item number.

Sameer Chanda, and Wasiq Khan were the production and art designers for Dil Se. The principal photography took place in Himachal Pradesh, Leh, Assam, New Delhi, Kerala, and Ladakh over a period of 55 days. Tigmanshu Dhulia was the casting director. Pia Benegal and Manish Malhotra were the costume designers. The song "Chaiyya Chaiyya" was shot between Malaika Arora and Shah Rukh Khan on top of the Nilgiri Express, en route Ooty, Coonoor and Kotagiri, the train is particularly painted in brown for the song sequence. The travelling scenes, other crucial scenes were shot between Manisha Koirala and Shah Rukh Khan near Alchi Monastery, during the Sindhu Darshan Festival in Leh. The longest song of the film "Satrangi Re" with the lead pair was shot near Thikse Monastery, the mystical Basgo Monastery ruins, and Pangong lake near Pangong Tso in Ladakh. The song "Jiya Jale" was shot between Preity Zinta and Shah Rukh Khan near Athirappilly Falls, Alappuzha backwaters, Periyar National Park, Vilangan Hills and Periyar Lake in Kerala. Several action sequences in the film choreographed by Allan Amin were shot near Connaught Place, New Delhi, Rajpath and Old Delhi.

Themes
Dil Se is said to be a journey through the seven shades of love that are defined in ancient Arabic literature. Those shades are defined as attraction, infatuation, love, reverence, worship, obsession, and death. The character played by Shahrukh Khan passes through each shade during the course of the film. Authors Sangita Gopal and Sujata Moorti of Global Bollywood: Travels of Hindi Song and Dance also compared Khan's romance in the film to the trajectory of love in ancient Arabic literature, believing the lyrics in two of the songs to have delivered an "apocalyptic fatalism".

The film is a dramatization of the attraction between a character from the heart of India and another from a peripheral state and a representation of opposites in the eyes of the law and society. Dil Se is described as a film "structured through deferment and unfulfilled teasing promises". Rediff.com said about the film, "The entire feel of the film is appropriately poetic, with a few romantic exchanges standing out quite memorable. Tigmanshu Dhulia has handled the film's dialogues adroitly. Amid moonlit desert dunes, there is a particularly stirring conversation between the leading pair. Amar reveals his hate for Meghna's eyes – because he can't see the world is hidden behind them and his love for the same, stunning eyes – because he can't see the world hidden behind them."

Elleke Boehmer and Stephen Morton in their book Terror and the Postcolonial (2009) believe that the songs and their exotic locations in the film were very important in masking the impossible reconciliation between a terrorist and an uptight government agent by evoking pure fantasy. They argue that this is a phenomenon called the "liminal space of dreaming" in that the terrorist woman cannot fulfill her sexual desire so the songs fill the void of this desire by "their sumptuousness and exotic locales" in the Ladakh region. The theme of the movie was reported to be paying homage to the 1981 British film The French Lieutenant's Woman.

Release
Dil Se released on 21 August 1998. Though the film was shot mainly in Hindi-language, director Mani Ratnam also dubbed and released the film in Tamil and Malayalam in the title Uyire.. which became very popular among Tamil-audience with its songs and in Telugu with the title Prematho. Shah Rukh Khan's Tamil dialogues were dubbed by Arvind Swamy in the film.

Critical reception and box office
Though Dil Se received an average box office response in India, it found success overseas. It was screened at the Era New Horizons Film Festival and the Helsinki International Film Festival. The film went on to win the Netpac Award at the Berlin International Film Festival, two National Film Awards, and six Filmfare Awards. The intense political agenda of the film with the trials of the Assamese on the India-China border, the love story and the fact that it coincided with the 50th Independence Anniversary celebrations became a major factor for its success overseas, particularly amongst the South Asian diaspora in the west.

The film became the first Indian film to enter the top 10 in the United Kingdom box office charts. Even months after its release in September 1998, the film was still screened on five screens, five times per day with an average of 3,000 spectators across all screens in the Cineworld complex in Feltham, West London. Deepa Deosthalee wrote a positive review to the film, calling it "a picture-perfect ode to love" and praising the direction, writing and performances. Khalid Mohamed found the film disappointing, noting it "fine performances, technique and music" but panning its lack "of that crucial element called a story". Anupama Chopra of India Today wrote, "Amid the reels of tripe churned out by Bollywood every week, Dil Se... is a noble attempt. But coming from Mani, that's simply not good enough." The film was included in Time's "Best of Bollywood" list in 2010. Dil Se was also a hit in Japan.

Soundtrack
The soundtrack features six songs composed by A. R. Rahman. Raja Sen of Rediff called it, "Rahman's finest soundtrack, by far." The soundtrack album sold six million units in India. The song "Chaiyya Chaiyya", based on Sufi music (lyrics based on the Sufi folk song, "Thaiyya Thaiyya" by Bulleh Shah) and Urdu poetry, set Mainly in Raag Megh Malhar, with tints of Bhairav and other ragas, became especially popular and the song has been featured in the film Inside Man (2006), in the musical Bombay Dreams, and in the television shows Smith and CSI: Miami. The soundtrack was recorded in several other languages. The song "Dil Se Re" is set in the raga Nattai/Jog, whereas "Ae Ajnabi" is set in the raga Patdeep.

Malayalam lines for the song "Jiya Jale" was written by lyricist Gireesh Puthenchery.

The bass guitarist Guy Pratt, who played on post-Roger Waters Pink Floyd albums Delicate Sound of Thunder, The Division Bell and Pulse played bass on title song "Dil Se Re".

Original version
Hindi (Dil Se..)

{| class="wikitable"
 * Album Credits
 * Album Credits

 * Producer: India Talkies (Bharat Shah)
 * Director: Mani Ratnam
 * Lyrics: Gulzar

Musicians

 * Bass Guitar on "Dil Se Re": Guy Pratt
 * Bass Guitar on "Chaiyya Chaiyya": Keith Peters
 * Flamenco guitar on "Satrangi Re": John Themis
 * Percussion: Sivamani
 * Dilruba: Saroja
 * Santoor: Seenu
 * Engineer – H. Sridhar, S. Sivakumar
 * Engineer [Additional Engineer] – Paul Wright

Harmony

 * Ganga, Kanchana, Febi, Feji, Anto, Chandran, Shreenivas, Noell James
 * References/External links
 * References/External links

 * Dil Se Soundtrack on A.R. Rahman Discography (Retrieved 2024-July-)
 * }

Hindi (Dil Se..)
Track List :

Tamil (Uyire)
Track List :

Malayalam (Uyire)
Track List :

Telugu (Premato)
Track List :

title: Dil Se..