text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Freeband Business Blueprint

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Jinian 21:57, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Freeband Business Blueprint

 * del. Original research in its purest form, despite a couple of references. Also, the article did not show any success of the approach, rare google hits for the term, hence notability objection as well. Mikkalai 22:59, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The article is a description of a process from a student so it doesn't seem to be vanity publishing. The original author has provided references, so I don't see what the problem is. See here for some academic papers on it. the article could do with some context, because the methodology seems to be specific to Holland; but thats a quibble not a serious criticism. :ChrisG 20:34, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * We are speaking of a particular term, "Freeband Business Blueprint". I don't see its blueprint presented prominently. Encyclopedia is not in business explaining someone else's business practices. It is student's essay, original research, base on data from the Telematica institit, i.e., on primary sources. Encyclopedia must be based on secondary sources, in order to ensure peer review. Wikipedia is not in busines of verifying claims of Telematica Institut about its products. Mikkalai 20:58, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as copy/paste from business model. Likely copyvio. Radiant_* 09:54, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: Category:Saint stubs

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Saint stubs


text:
Ella Minnow Pea

Ella Minnow Pea is a 2001 novel by Mark Dunn. The full title of the hardcover version is Ella Minnow Pea: a progressively lipogrammatic epistolary fable, while the paperback version is titled Ella Minnow Pea: A Novel in Letters or Ella Minnow Pea: A Novel without Letters.

Plot summary
The plot is conveyed through mail or notes sent between various characters. The book is "progressively lipogrammatic"—as the story proceeds, more and more letters of the alphabet are excluded from the characters' writing. As letters disappear, the novel becomes more and more phonetically or creatively spelled, and requires more effort to interpret.

The novel is set on the fictitious island of Nollop, off the coast of South Carolina, which is home to Nevin Nollop, the supposed creator of the well-known pangram, "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog." This sentence is preserved on a memorial statue to its creator on the island and is taken very seriously by the government of the island. Throughout the book, tiles containing the letters fall from the inscription beneath the statue, and as each one does, the island's government bans the contained letter's use from written or spoken communication. A penalty system is enforced for using the forbidden characters, with public censure for a first offence, lashing or stocks (violator's choice) upon a second offence and banishment from the island nation upon the third. By the end of the novel, most of the island's inhabitants have either been banished or have left of their own accord.

The island's high council becomes more and more nonsensical as time progresses and the alphabet diminishes, promoting Nollop to a divine status. Uncompromising in their enforcement of Nollop's "divine will", they offer only one hope to the frustrated islanders: to disprove Nollop's omniscience by finding a pangram of 32 letters (in contrast to Nollop's 35). With this goal in mind "Enterprise 32" is started, a project involving many of the novel's main characters. With but five characters left (L, M, N, O, and P), the elusive phrase is eventually discovered by Ella in one of her father's earlier letters: "Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs," which has only 32 letters. The council accepts this and restores the right to all 26 letters to the populace.

Ella Minnow Pea
Ella Minnow Pea is the 18-year-old protagonist of the novel. Her name is a play on words as it sounds like the pronunciation of the letters "LMNOP", fitting with the content of the novel. She is a strong and intelligent young woman who uses her determination and persistence to survive the hardship placed on the island of Nollop by the high council. Towards the end of the novel, she is the only one in her family left on the island and is in charge of Enterprise 32. She eventually runs across a sentence in her father's farewell letter that will save the citizens of Nollop from the oppression they are experiencing, and allow her family to return to the island.

Gwenette Minnow Pea
Gwenette is Ella's mother and Mittie Purcy's sister. She is a very strong woman who instills the qualities of determination and hope in her daughter. Eventually, she, along with the others in her family, becomes banished to the States after her third offence.

Amos Minnow Pea
Amos is Ella's father. He makes liquor jugs and other ceramic vessels for a living, and he is a recovering alcoholic. The insanity of the forbidden letter laws become too much later in the story, and he returns to his old ways of excessive drinking. He also commits a third offence and is banished. His farewell letter to Ella and his wife contains the sentence that eventually frees Nollop from the rules and regulations concerning the use of restricted letters.

Mittie Purcy
Mittie is Ella's aunt. She is a teacher at the local elementary school. Because of her career, she finds the laws passed by the council quite difficult to follow and obey. This, in turn, creates serious problems for her. She commits her first offence while explaining to her students that 12 eggs are equal to a doZen. The laws and restrictions put on the use of language on the island create a sense of depression in her life. She, along with her daughter and Nate Warren, travels to the States to escape her daughter's death sentence.

Tassie Purcy
Tassie is Ella's cousin and best friend, being only a few months older. She falls in love with Nate Warren, the writer and scholar, and gets into serious trouble with the council for sending them death threats because of their new legislation. Her threats, though admirable, create much trouble for her. Nate eventually returns to the island after his banishment to rescue her from her punishment due to her rebellion of the council's laws. Her temperament is rather hot-headed, and she is quick to see the negatives of a situation.

Nathaniel Warren
Nathaniel Warren is a researcher who lives in Georgia and travels to Nollop when he hears about the government rulings against taboo letters. He is willing to pose as "an old family friend" of the Purcys and use his knowledge and resources to help the people of Nollop find a logical solution to the "forbidden letter fiasco." He brings to Mr. Lyttle, a council member, that the tiles falling is a result of the adhesive breaking down of the fixative holding them in place. Unfortunately, this report doesn't affect the decisions of the council, although it brings about the sentence challenge. He is later discovered to be the scholarly writer he really is and is sent back to the States. He falls in love with Tassie Purcy.

Rederick Lyttle
Mr. Lyttle is the high priest on the council, and he seems to be the most sensible of those on the council. Although he doesn't accept the scientific solution to the tiles falling presented by Nate Warren, he is the man who proposes the idea of the Nollopians creating a 32-letter sentence containing all the letters in the alphabet to free themselves from the regulations pertaining to the forbidden letters. Not only does he propose a challenge to find the sentence, but he himself also participates and searches for the sentence that will free the citizens of Nollop.

Nevin Nollop
He is the idolized creator of the phrase "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog." The island country is named after him. A cenotaph in the center of town is dedicated to Nollop and the immortal pangram he is said to have penned. When lettered tiles begin to fall from the memorial the High Island Council believes it is Nollop from beyond the grave demanding each fallen letter be stricken from society.

Dr. Mannheim
Dr. Mannheim is a professor at the local university. He plays a vital role in the attempt to find a pangram that fits the qualifications set by the council (also known as Enterprise 32). He and Tom, his assistant, lead the way in finding a sentence. He manages to create a sentence that is 37 letters in length, but his quest for a 32-letter sentence is ended abruptly when he refuses banishment and is shot and killed by island officials.

Georgeanne Towgate
Georgeanne Towgate is a citizen of Nollop who, at first, believes strongly in following the laws set up by the council. Her view of the issue quickly changes when her family is directly affected by the law, when her son, Timmy is shipped away. Her loneliness is obvious, and she begins to slowly lose her mind as the story progresses. Towards the end of the novel, she decides to paint her entire body for fun. This act leads to lead poisoning from the paint, and she dies from the poisoning.

Totalitarianism
One of the main themes of the story is totalitarianism, in that the government attempts to control every aspect of written communication among the citizens, even sexual relations. Once the laws begin to be passed, the people of Nollop are scared even to attempt to rebel against the council for fear of the harsh penalties. This theme is brought to the forefront in the first letter of the novel. Ella writes to Tassie saying that "in the end, our assessments and opinions counted for (and continue to count for) precious little, and we have kept our public speculation to a minimum for fear of government reprisal". Ella Minnow Pea focuses on this theme when considering, "We slowly conclude that without language, without culture— the two are inextricably bound— existence is at stake".

Freedom of speech
The novel also addresses the importance of freedom of speech. Not only are the citizens of Nollop not allowed to use certain letters, but they are not allowed to speak out about how unjust the new laws are. If they interpret this particular situation any other way besides that of the council, they will be punished. In the council's letter to the citizens, the council writes that no alternate interpretations can be made because they are considered heresy, and heresy will be punished.

Good citizenship vs. freedom
The citizens of Nollop are torn between being good citizens by following the unjust laws or rebelling against the government by fighting for their precious freedoms. They realize that if they speak out for their freedom of speech, they will be punished. Many decide that living on the island under this tyranny is not worth it, so they rebel in order to be banished. Others rebel to stir up the emotions of the other citizens. There are many that just follow the orders of the council, but, once affected by them, decide that a change must be made. The citizens have two distinct choices: submit to the rules and live a life of misery or stand up for what is rightfully theirs and live a life of freedom.

Awards and nominations
Ella Minnow Pea was selected as Borders' Book of the Year.

Ella Minnow Pea was a "Barnes & Noble Discover Great New Writers and a Borders Original Voices pick (and a finalist for Original Voices Book of the Year), but it ranked second on the Top Ten BookSense 76 Picklist."

Larson Award-winning writers Scott Burkell (script/lyrics) and Paul Loesel (composer) selected it out of many books to be produced as a musical. Its first full production was in November 2008 at the Arthur Miller Theatre on the University of Michigan campus, performed by auditioned students in the musical theater program. Anne Markt and Derek Carley starred. The full story can be read at Playbill.

Translations
Despite the highly linguistic nature of this book, several translators were up to the challenge.

Ella Minnow Pea has been translated into French as L'Isle Lettrée by Marie-Claude Plourde, into Italian as Lettere: Fiaba epistolare in lipogrammi progressivi by Daniele Petruccioli, and into German as Nollops Vermächtnis by Henning Ahrens.

title: Ella Minnow Pea


text:
Abbey Line

The Abbey Line, also known as the St Albans Abbey branch line, is a railway line from Watford Junction to St Albans Abbey. The 6.5 mi route passes through town and countryside in the county of Hertfordshire, just outside the boundaries of the Oyster Card and London fare zones. Its northern terminus, St Albans Abbey, is located in the south of the city, around 0.75 mi away from the larger St Albans City station on the Midland Main Line. It is a semi-rural line and, due to its single-track operation, service frequencies are limited. The service is sometimes referred to locally as the Abbey Flyer.

History
The line was opened by the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) on 5 May 1858 and was the first railway to reach St Albans.

Originally, there were two intermediate stations:
 * Bricket Wood
 * Park Street

In 1910, a station at Callowland opened, which is now known as Watford North.

In 1924, the eastern terminus became known as St Albans Abbey to distinguish it from the Midland Railway main line station at St Albans City, which opened in 1868. The LNWR station was also served by a branch of the Great Northern Railway from Hatfield.

A sixth station was added at Garston in 1966 and a seventh at How Wood in 1988, to coincide with the electrification of the route at 25 kV AC overhead.

Past connections
The line was built in its current form, as a branch from Watford to St. Albans. However, the line was at times connected to two other lines. One, the Hatfield and St Albans Railway, opened in 1865 from St. Albans Abbey station to the East Coast Main Line at Hatfield. Mostly a local route, the construction of the Midland Main Line ensured that it never became popular with the critical market of passengers to London. It closed to passengers in 1951, as part of a cutback of minor routes after the war. The whole route closed to goods in 1964, although a short stub at the Hatfield end lasted until 1968.

During construction of the Midland Main Line in the 1860s, a branch was laid from near How Wood to the Midland route to carry building materials. Never used by passenger services, Ordnance Survey maps indicate it closed between 1883 and 1898, although the embankment and an abutment facing Watling Street remain visible. As part of a cost-cutting plan in the 1980s, British Rail examined reopening this, with the aim of diverting the branch to the City station and selling off the valuable Abbey station site.

Operations
Passenger services are operated by London Northwestern Railway.

Stations on the branch are unstaffed. Some have ticket machines; otherwise tickets must be bought on the train. Passengers starting their journey at Watford Junction, which is staffed, must have a valid ticket prior to boarding the train, in compliance with National Rail conditions of carriage.

The Abbey line is part of the Network Rail Strategic Route 18, SRS 18.10 and is classified as a Rural line.

Infrastructure
The line is single track and is electrified at 25 kV AC using overhead line equipment. It has a loading gauge of W6 and a maximum line speed of 50 mph.

Rolling stock
The service is operated using electric multiple units. Services were previously operated using Class 313 units, at times substituted by a Class 150 diesel multiple unit (more commonly in the past). For several years, London Northwestern Railway ran services with a single Class 319 train, which was acquired in September 2015 by London Midland as part of a set of trains from Thameslink to replace Class 321 units (which had in turn been acquired by Abellio ScotRail to operate on Glasgow's suburban rail network ). In May 2021, the Class 319 was replaced by a single Class 350 unit.

Signalling
Signalling is under One Train Working (without Train staff) rules, where only one train is allowed on the line at a time. Trains can be moved into Watford Junction yard by a manual ground frame there. On 28 October 2005 its incorrect operation caused an incident with a train not in passenger service.

There is an automatic level crossing outside Watford North. This is operated by a manual plunger for trains heading towards St Albans, and by a treadle towards Watford Junction.

Future developments
Since 1995 the Abbey Flyer Users Group (ABFLY) has been campaigning to secure the future of the line and encourage its growth. The Abbey line was designated by the Strategic Rail Authority as a community rail line in July 2005, one of seven pilots under the Community Rail Development Strategy.

Previous proposals
In 2004 a proposal was made by Transport for London for a London Regional Rail Authority to take control over some rail services that extended out of Greater London, including the branch line.

In October 2009 Secretary of State for Transport Lord Adonis announced a plan to increase frequency on the line by allowing Hertfordshire County Council to lease the line from Network Rail and converting it to light rail from 2011. It was hoped that this would be possible for the same amount of subsidy the line received, as the new infrastructure required, such as a passing loop would be cheaper for light rail than heavy rail. Longer-term proposals envisaged extensions into Watford town centre via Clarendon Road and High Street, and St Albans city centre, possibly as far as St Albans City railway station, and possible re-instatement of the line to Hatfield.

The light rail plan was cancelled in May 2013, as it was found to be impossible to deliver the scheme within the existing heavy rail subsidy as planned and more complicated than had been expected with disputes over apportionment of ticket revenue and who was responsible for the cost of maintaining structures. Hertfordshire County Council pledged to prepare a more ambitious bid to the DfT for funding for full segregation from the national rail network and extensions on either end rather than to lease the line from Network Rail.

In a Draft Rail Strategy consultation published in June 2015, Hertfordshire County Council highlighted the difficulties presented by single-track operation on the Abbey line, in particular the fact that the maximum service frequency that can be operated is one train per 45 minutes. The report notes that the service pattern makes it difficult to enable interchange connections with other rail services and to offer a "clockface" timetable that is memorable to passengers. Among the solutions evaluated by Hertfordshire are: a proposal to reopen the passing loop at Bricket Wood; running trains which skip certain stations; closing some stations; conversion of the line to light rail operation; and conversion of the line to a guided busway. The passing loop solution would enable a 30-minute service, but the report notes that there would be an additional cost of running the line with two train sets (rather than a single train, as at present), and that it would be "difficult to achieve a favourable business case". The report states that a light rail or busway solution would be quicker to implement and offer higher service frequencies, while still providing sufficient capacity, and concludes that these alternative modes would offer a stronger "business case" than heavy rail. The ABFLY campaign group has criticised the busway proposal, citing environmental concerns about replacing an electric train service with a diesel bus service and rejecting plans to replace the tracks with a concrete busway.

Other proposals considered included adding the Abbey line as a branch of the proposed extension of Crossrail to Milton Keynes Central; this proposal was rejected due to the technical challenges associated with upgrading the Abbey line to accommodate Crossrail trains.

Passing loop
In May 2020, it was announced that £50,000 of funding from the government's Restoring Your Railway Fund would be available to enable transport planners to develop a business case around the Bricket Wood passing loop proposal. If approved, this scheme would have enabled an increase in train frequencies, as well as the introduction of a regular "clockface" timetable. In June 2022 it was announced that further funding had been refused and the passing loop scheme would not be taken forward.

Rolling stock
Upon winning the West Midlands franchise in 2017, the future operator West Midlands Trains confirmed that new trains would be bought for the Abbey line.

title: Abbey Line


text: User talk:67.86.238.235

title: User talk:67.86.238.235


text:
User talk:Xed/Archive1

Responses to beta Systemic Bias section proposal
Thanks Xed, why don't you create the page, or map out a mock up of how it would be different than the other 'wanted articles' pages? I'll take a look at that and we can go from there. Mark Richards 04:06, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)

By the way, you might consider starting a WikiProject. You should probably try to avoid referring to bias, when you can, since intimating that Wikipedians are Americentric seems to be taboo. Good luck, and don't be discouraged by the community. -- 05:13, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)

While I think efforts to counteract the systemic bias of Wikipedia are all well and good, and I would contribute to them if I were able, I see no point in this kind of ostentatiousness [i.e. signing my name to a section on the Village Pump, as Xed requested. —No-One Jones (m)]. Let me know when the beta version is ready, okay? —No-One Jones (m) 04:13, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your limited support--Xed 04:27, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)

I do think that there should be some mechanism where those concerned with gaps in Wikipedia's coverage can keep track of where we're lacking. I'd be willing to help in such an effort.

One simple problem is that for the average Wikipedia contributor, such subjects are not quite so easy to research, either. Many Wikipedia articles are distillations of other information already available on the Web in English, after all; thus, the biases of the existing Web is reflected here. —Morven 05:32, Sep 22, 2004 (UTC)

 * I'd be happy to help out, but how would your idea differ from any of the other sections that promote expansion of articles? WP:COTW, Needing expansion and cleanup? - MGM 08:51, Sep 22, 2004 (UTC)

 * The idea differs in that the proposed section would deal specifically with articles which, 'due to systemic bias', do not get much attention. I have added your name to the list below. Feel free to remove if I have misunderstood you. --Xed 10:55, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * I have the following simple suggestions:
 * You could add requests to Requests for expansion, and work on existing requests.
 * You could add requests to Requested articles, and work on existing requests.
 * You could propose projects at Collaboration of the week.
 * Template:Opentask is included on the Community portal. You could add an extra line of requests for expansion, but you'd have to discuss it with people who think that the list already contains too many tasks, and you'd probably have to do much of the work required to keep it up to date.
 * —AlanBarrett 20:30, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Just a question...
Hey, Xed. It looks like your CROSSBOW page is off to a good start. It looks like it'll be a good idea if you can get the support, and show that you're actually having an effect. But I've got a question: how did you choose the users to originaly notify about your plan (on their talk pages)? It's an interesting group. Thanks, Whosyourjudas 00:31, 23 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * He notified everybody who took part in the WP:VP discussion, and made it their own choice to participate or not.

 * Hmm... I'll probably watch from the sidelines, for a while. I'm too busy for wiki stuff these days. And I still have my doubts, and still think Crossbow will just be Requested articles etc backed up by belief that one is fulfilling some grand overwhelming goal. The thing about so called 'systematic bias' is how it is unintentional. However well meaning you are, everyone is themselves biased. So, even if you are looking for undercovered articles, plenty will simply slip under your radar. At the end of it, sure, you may be able to show off a few articles you added, but those would be the easy ones, the ones wikipedians already are dimly aware of, and often feel slightly guilty about.

 * You can't plan for the undiscovered.--Fangz 00:45, 23 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Countering systemic bias conflict
As you will notice, I've written a rather long comment on the new dispute within the project. This says most of what I want to say, but I'd like to further emphasize that at least I have observed a willingness from your side to compromise and move forward with the project. I think there will be a lot more issues to discuss as the project develops further, and I would hate for this discussion to lose any of its active and dedicated participants. That includes both you and Jmabel. I can see both sides of this - I understand if you feel hurt by being blamed for implementing unopposed suggestions, although I can also see it being percieved as "pre-empting consensus". Saying this with the hope that you don't find it out of line: If you're able to take the diplomatic path, responding to your critics with some understanding of their position, and possibly calling for clarification of the project's decision-making process to avoid things like this to happen again, I think this could improve diplomatic relations considerably. Which would be of great benefit to the project. Alarm 11:21, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Burkina Faso
Just to let you know that there is material to integrate into Burkina Faso on its talk page from the translation you requested. You may also wish to request that the parts of fr:Histoire du Burkina Faso and fr:Démographie du Burkina Faso we don't yet cover on en. also be translated. fabiform | talk 23:02, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Bias
Xed, you are absolutely correct about Wikipedia's bias. Wikipedia's bias starts with Jimbo Wales, flows through his admins and permeates the site. What else do you expect from a millionaire? One of the contradictions of the site is that it needs free labor, yet it only wants a certain point of view. This can't be admitted, though it is apparent to anyone who looks at the whole megillah. The only positive aspect about Wikipedia is that its pages are GFDL. I see two solutions to this problem - one, the users concerned with the bias should band together and do something about it. It's amusing how many of the American users are being accused of being "anti-American" when they express an isolationist foreign policy, it's straight out of Nazi Germany, anyone opposed to invasion of Poland or France was "anti-German".

 * As outlined by the suppressed Wikipedia Red Faction? Anyway, there are other GFDL corpus wikis besides Disinfopedia which are perhaps even more promising, most notably Wikinfo, InfoshopOpenWiki and the newest one, Anarchopedia, whigh aims to be one big wiki for progressive factions to have articles on activism, direct action, social change, etc.

Country Carousel
Ah, OK. Thanks. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (hopefully!)]] 22:08, Oct 13, 2004 (UTC)

VP archiving
Hello Xed, in response to your question, archiving discussions from the Village Pump to the appropriate talk page is standard procedure. Of course the discussion can be moved to an older archive on the talk page if you feel it takes too much room on the currently "live" talk page. -- [[User:Solitude|Solitude\talk]] 14:35, Oct 15, 2004 (UTC)

Neocolonialism
I am the editor who expanded much the article, and I cannot quite make out the At least until recent times the dominant ideology notice made at the Csb Project. I invite you (and others in the project) to share your thoughts in the article's discussion page as to further improvements. Interesting project, I just learned of its existence now (will look into it further). Thanks for taking the time. El_C

I will certainly consider doing so, thanks. I thought that since you added the template you would have an idea as to the reasons behind the notice. I am (temporarily) removing the template until these could be established. I agree that the article needs further expansion, but as for systemic bias, I think this needs to be better qualified prior to such a notice being issued, and acted upon. El_C

Because I think they look silly. We already have stub notes, we don't need those. Besides, what's Joan Jett got to do with countering systemic bias? Everyking 14:04, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Good point about Joan Jett. Ask User:Jmabel about her inclusion. I'm reverting Mathieu Kérékou, because it's on the main To Do list of WP:Bias - Xed 14:16, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Fine, restore it if you want. Hopefully someone will soon expand the article to the satisfaction of your project and then it will be removed. Everyking 14:23, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Dahomey Amazons
Good work on the Dahomey Amazons! Very interesting subject, well written article. One question remains after reading: what was the name of this regiment in the local language? After all, Dahomey Amazons must be a name given by outsiders. The local languages of Dahomey were Aja and -to a lesser extent- Fon (both Gbe languages - that's why I want to know). - Mark Dingemanse (talk)  15:58, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The local name of the regiment is a question I asked myself when compiling the article. Relying as I did purely on internet sources, I was unable to come up with an answer. However, I have access to the SOAS library, and therefore to the books mentioned in the further reading section. On my next visit, I'll see if the books answer the question. On the subject of Africa, could you tell me where you got the vector maps of Africa? I'd like to use them for an illustrative timeline of Congo Civil War. -- Xed 16:40, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * As for the local name, I'm curious! Regarding the vector map of Africa: I used the reference map from the CIA Factbook (pdf format) as a basis: . I layered the map in CorelDraw, (putting names, borders, rivers etc. on different layers) so if you need something with only borders and a plain background or anything else, I can provide you with that (it would save you some work). - Mark Dingemanse (talk)  17:19, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I'd appreciate the simplified version of the map, in Adobe Illustrator compatible format if possible. I've sent you an email. -Xed 17:54, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

CSB reminder
If you nominate or vote for an article, this is taken as a commitment to contribute to it This fortnight, the Second Sudanese Civil War is the CSB collaboration of the fortnight.- Xed 08:34, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Xed/Archive1


text:
User talk:Xed/Archive2

Wikipedia:Village pump (policy)#Messages in the article namespace
You asked: So is it just a design issue? It's too big? - Xed 22:15, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

My answer: At least for me -- yes. I think that CSB is an important goal for the Wikipedia, and I have been doing a little bit of that on my own outside of the CSB framework. On the other hand, if people aren't going to use the banner, it does no good. At least you've recently removed the line at the top and the extra white space, which is an improvement. Personally, I'd like to have the choice of a smaller banner that just mentioned the Collaboration of the Fortnight.

Because I am involved in the Japanese Collaboration of the Week, which currently doesn't have a banner, I've been looking at the other COTW banners (see User:GK/Collaborations. My personal opinion is that only the Collaboration of the week banner has gotten it right. For all the others, I think that the extra lines, the graphics, too much unnecessary information, the excess white space, and especially the extra-large font for the Gaming Collaboration banner all detract from their messages. gK [[User talk:GK|¿?]] 08:44, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * The discussion on Village pump policy was more about the smaller templates here, but you're probably right. In the CSB (big) banner's case most (or all) of the text at the top should go, and it could lose the gaudy colors. Also, the text below "CSB Collaboration of the fortnight" could be smaller. I like the logo though. I agree that the Collaboration of the week is the one to model it on. We are discussing reforming the CSB project at here. It needs to be simplified along the same lines as the othe CotWs. Feel free to help if you have time. - Xed 01:35, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * For the moment, I am trying to stick with just the Japanese COTW. There are more than enough articles there that needs work to take up most of the time that I give to the Wikipedia. Still, I am also doing my little bits to counter systemic bias outside of the CSB project by doing things like adding some of the more important Japanese poetry anthologies to the List of Poetry Anthologies. That does bring up a question. I see so many places that deserve to have the {Limitedgeographicscope} tag (for example personal name), but right now, it looks like that tag is not being used much. Any comments?

 * re:the CSB logo: It does nothing to tell what the project is about, so I don't think it does anything to help the CSB project. A better logo would be to choose one of the more realistic world map projections (e.g. Dymaxion map, Gall-Peters projection, Robinson projection, Goode's Homolosine or Winkel Tripel ) with all but North America and Europe in outline and question marks added within the outlines. Still, my vote would be for no logo at all. gK [[User talk:GK|¿?]] 10:18, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Economy of Europe
Hi, I noticed you'd earlier supported this new article's nomination for Collaboration of the Week. It has been re-nominated, having been worked on a little and has gained backers. Simply add your support here. Obviously such a big project needs as many users with relevant knowledge as possible, so hopefully this will promote it a little. Thanks, Grunners 00:37, 21 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Hi. I just wanted to say, please do not give up on the CSBT. It may take time, but I believe that the project will get off the ground. I would be happy to discuss ideas with you about how to make that happen. Danny 02:17, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for your response. I want to say from the start that while I share many of your concerns, I do not share your pessimism. Please give me some time to think of a more thorough answer for you. And please do not despair. I have some ideas I want to push. Danny 23:13, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Category:African writers
I'm working on fixing orphan categories, and African writers has us in a bit of a quandry. Really we have categorized writers by nationality and not by continent. Would you object (or better yet help?) in classifying the authors this way? see Category:Orphaned_categories for Nov 6th for some comments. Thanks --Sortior 22:12, Nov 24, 2004 (UTC)

I see your point, and have updated the orphan category page. My suggestion is to parent the category to Category:African culture. Do you have a better suggestion? Thanks Sortior 23:17, Nov 24, 2004 (UTC)

Thing that make you go Umm
Hi, just wanted to point out Umm Kulthum. I asked someone to translate the French. Danny 14:42, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks for telling me. I'll reply to your email soon. - Xed 15:03, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

See also my new article, Quobna Ottobah Cugoano. Danny 15:19, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

LRA and Mai-Mai
Thanks. I'm hoping to fill in some Wikipedia gaps on African armed groups. BanyanTree 18:20, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Partition of India
You voted for Partition of India, this week's Collaboration of the week. Please come and help it become a featured-standard article.

CSB reorganization
Yes, i had thought to break up developing world into geo, history, politics etc... If you have any objections i'm happy to listen. however, it strikes me that developing world is a massive topic that may be more easily organized this way. We could also include underrepresented areas of the developed world this way.

I had thought to merge everything into the sublists, but I haven't heard much feedback about it, hence my slowness to move that way.

Peregrine981 04:29, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)

Collaboration of the Week
Your vote for African art has helped bring about the article's selection as this week's Collaboration of the week. Please join in trying to make the article a feature.

Rulers/Monarchs
Hi,

Thanks for the comments.

The reason I chose Rulers as the title was because it has generic connotation, as opposed to Monarch which, although it means sole ruler, is usually applied to Kings/emperors etc. rather than chiefs/princes etc.

I felt that the use of generic terms in the titles would make it easier to determine what it was the listing was about rather than using a plethora of different styles or titles in the heading which would make it difficult to determine the actual status of a given incumbent and compare it with the status of an incumbent in another list. This is why I have gone down the route of dividing the lists into Heads of State, Heads of Government, Colonial Heads and Rulers.

In its widest sense monarch could be also applied to any head of state, but I chose to use the term Head of State for the heads of sovereign or autonomous modern states, reserving Rulers for defunct states or modern tribal states or polities. --JohnArmagh 23:06, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I found your anti-Theresa McKnott disendorsement comments quite interesting, particularly your comparison to Florida and references to ghettoizing. Sometimes I forget that there are a handful of people such as yourself at this site. Keep up the good work and don't let the cabal win!!! Lirath Q. Pynnor

Hi again Xed,

There is certainly mileage in your argument - I can see its merits.

I do wonder, though, about the nature of the 'tribal' monarchy - I get the impression that kingship in these areas (which I have generically called states though I am not altogether happy with that word - and you consider, perhaps rightly, is superfluous anyway) is more akin to the 'overlordship' enjoyed by, for instance, the Anglo-Saxon kings in England rather than a monarchy as we understand it in the modern sense. Certainly the fact that they are not recognised as 'sovereign' (in that they exist within an internationally recognised country - even though historically that country only exists by virtue of the semi-arbitrary way in which the Europeans carved up Africa with little consideration to the pre-existing states) makes the ruler subordinate to the head of state - which may deny them of the term monarch.

Certainly once I had created the page I wondered whether the word Dahomey was more appropriate than Danhome in the heading - and I think you could be right - For Hogbonu I have used ".... Hogbonu (Porto Novo)" but I think that is clumsy - but I wanted to go down the route of making the title more 'searchable'. I clearly haven't come to a consensus myself.

I have used the phrase of the < > state of < > because it neatly divides the states into ethnic groups for listing purposes and possibly means that if you did a search for lists rulers of Fon (or whatever) states having the ethnic label would help.

What I change for one I will need to change for all similar circumstances for consistency - I have no objection to this - but after all the work I don't want someone who disagrees with you to come along and say they think it should be something different yet again - I might never get to finish off all the lists! --JohnArmagh 11:30, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Congo Crisis traffic jam
Hi Xed,

You clearly know a lot more about it than I do, so I'll wander elsewhere for a while...before coming back to mess up your writing. ;) Also, do you want to be the one to move Congo Civil War?  It seems like a significant action given the history of the article and, as someone who is really new, I feel vaguely uneasy about doing it instead of one of the long-time contributors who developed it. Cheers, BanyanTree 17:51, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree with your thoughts about how the article(s) need to have a high degree of readibility, and also share a certain sense of dread about the move. However, I think giving First Congo War its own page will ultimately simplify the explanation of events from the Banyamulenge uprising in 1996 to the stalemate in 1999.  Right now, it feels both dense and lacking in depth, if you get my meaning.  (Though I may have spent way too much time on it and lost all perspective.)  The quality of the article will drop for a while as all the cutting and pasting makes for blocky transitions, but in the long run I figure it will come right.  I also realized that I should let the FAC page know (that was a pleasant, if complicating, suprise!), and I'm half hoping that somebody from there objects so I don't have to go through with the move, and the resulting work.  Regards, BanyanTree 22:36, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

The Congo history box looks great! Also, thanks for correcting my misunderstanding on "references". And here I thought those external link numbers were just eye sores. I do have a question though. The one time I tried to move an article to a page that already existed, I had to have the old page deleted in order to retain the edit history. That's not really an issue for First Congo War as I was planning on just a cut and paste, but do we have to delete the blank Second Congo War before moving Congo Civil War in order to keep the history? Let me know, and congrats once again on the box. Cheers, BanyanTree 20:14, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Xed/Archive2


text:
User talk:Xed/Archive3

Don't remove when an edit war is going on!
Please do not remove the marker from articles which are clearly a subject of active disagreement and the so called "edit wars". You have recently done so both at Hasbara and NGO monitor, without engaging in the corresponding articles' discussion placing any sort of justification. Please stop and try to find a more constructive way to make your point. Hoping for understanding, BACbKA 16:38, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I have just discovered that you did it today again at NGO monitor. You've just endorsed Alberuni's reply on my talk page, so I have a hope that you'll listen to my message now. Please, don't remove the dispute markers. I believe this is a serious insult to the editors who try to achieve consensus and collaborative editing spirit on the Wikipedia. There are surely other ways to make your point. BACbKA 22:15, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Your block
I am dreadfully sorry I did not get to this sooner, so it's ever-so-slightly deferred, but it seems that you violated the three-revert rule on Hasbara yesterday. I have blocked you for 24 hours in accordance with that policy. Please do not engage in edit wars in the future. It's totally against what Wikipedia stands for. -Fennec (はさばくのきつね) 21:09, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Please refrain from undoing other people's edits repeatedly. If you continue, you may be blocked from editing Wikipedia under the three-revert rule, which states that nobody may revert an article to a previous version more than three times in 24 hours. (Note: this also means editing the page to reinsert an old edit. If the effect of your actions is to revert back, it qualifies as a revert.) Thank you. I see your block has expired or you were unblocked since the Fennec's note, and now you make another 3RR at NGO Monitor... :-( BACbKA 00:32, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC) incorrect. - Xed 00:34, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Hmmm... maybe I was incorrect at 00:32, and I apologise for that case. However, your last edit made a 4th one in a 24-hour window, with the only differences being re-arranging the paragraph placement that offended the other parties. In any case, I support Jayjg's original research claim there, and think that just mentioning that it appears on the hasbara site report is more than enough, reader should draw own conclusions as to whether this implicates NGO Monitor as an hasbara organisation. BTW, I never heard of it before reading this article. BACbKA 00:51, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * You have now been unblocked entirely. The four edits I thought constituted violation of the 3RR were, , , and . The first, third, and fourth were certainly reverts, while the second added new content. I have apologized for having blocked you when you did not strictly violate the 3RR, but the new content you added was in context of a rephrased version of the statement you had been reverting before. Several other administrators have since told me that a "revert" could be interpreted more liberally than I had done. Had I looked more closely and discovered my error, I would probably not have blocked you in the first place, but in any case please know that someone else probably would have. Rdsmith4— Dan | Talk 19:19, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * My point is that the second edit added, in different words, the statement that NGO Monitor is a hasbara organization. That is the very statement over which you had been reverting. The only actual new content was a link to a website. Someone quickly looking through a page's edit history (like myself) might see that you had reverted people's removal of that statement several times already and assume that you were simply trying to add your content without its being construed as a revert. Rdsmith4— Dan | Talk 00:35, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Permit me to observe that the notice of departure on your userpage is misleading as to the length of time and reason I blocked you. You insisted that I get the facts straight, and I expect you will extend the same courtesy to me. I mean you no ill will, and I hope you return soon. Rdsmith4— Dan | Talk 00:51, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I was blocked for 42 hours, from 00:46, 14 Dec to 18:47, 15 Dec 2004. Do you really deny this? And there was no valid reason to block me, as in your email you openly admit to not bothering to examine the edit history:
 * "upon examination of the edit history of NGO Monitor, I
 * find I owe you an apology. I and several people on IRC misinterpreted
 * one of your edits as a revert, apparently not realizing that the first
 * was not a revert, but in fact the addition of new information. Please
 * accept my sincere apologies, and know that it was a mistake on my part
 * and not any sort of malice. I also apologize for not having
 * re-examined the page's history until now."
 * - Xed 02:39, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The above quote still doesn't, in my opinion, justify saying that you were blocked for "no reason", as the reasoning behind the block were clearly stated by Rdsmith. His request to reword it in a straighter way is very reasonable. BACbKA 17:55, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Also, as far as I was educated, personal email is not the same as "openly admitting" as doing anything. Quoting someone's personal email especially to prove the other party's wrongdoing is frowned upon on the net and even in some coutries' laws if I am not mistaken. It seems to me that Rdsmith4 had tried to politely reconcile the matter with you; what you have just done above is trying to break the dialog and use his own words against him publicly instead. (When somebody sends you spam/hate mail etc. and you are specifically asked by the relevant authorities/admins to provide an example to substantiate your complaint, then it's a different story, of course). BACbKA 19:15, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Did I just encourage an admin to block you?
''...blocked for forty-two hours for no reason by Rdsmith4. BACbKA has admitted encouraging him to block me. Rdsmith4 has indicated that the discussion took place on IRC, contrary to the spirit of Wikipedia...''
 * (your user page)

 * I believe that your formulation of the facts doesn't exactly reflect what was going on, and gives a skewed impression on my role in the matter. Quoting from my email to you (the email which is the basis for your claim which I sent you offline in a private mediation effort) as to what I did and why:
 * Xed, I support the admin decision to block you today. Moreover, the second time it was done by an admin specifically by my request after the admin verified your 2nd violation of the 3RR. I think that the way to attempt to compromise is to use the talk page to make your point.
 * In the NGO Monitor case, JayJG's point was that your text is original research. To counter it, you shouldn't just comment on his inability to understand that it is hasbara. This is not an attempt to compromise. However, I am not saying that your edit should not exist. If indeed there exists a source defining NGO Monitor as a hasbara project, then you should both make your edit AND cite the reference in the article, pointing to such a source. Given that the article is controversial, I would first try to do it on the talk page. You can rest assured that if then JayJG or somebody else attempts to revert your edit w/o discussing it in the talk page, I'll be the first to support you.
 * [...]
 * When your block expires, I heartily welcome you back and wish you more thoughtful and substantiated edits. I am sure that in this way you will be able to earn unconditional respect from other editors on WP. Also, please don't violate the 3RR again, call an admin to block the article if nothing else helps. Finally, when you bring in new arguments into discussion, never use the change log comment, but put it into the discussion page.
 * BACbKA
 * BACbKA

 * I.e., while the edit war was going on, I first asked an admin whether the edits were  3RR at NGO Monitor took place in their opinion and then suggested that the block be done if they, too, think the 3RR took place. Nobody took my word for granted, and all I did was asking extra admin scrutiny in an attempt to defuse an ongoing edit war. I did it in good faith, and I trust the explanations of the admins above as to the good faith reasons behind their blocking of you.

BACbKA 17:48, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * As to calling an admin to look at it on the IRC #wikipedia channel, I apologise if this is indeed countering the WP spirit in some way, but I would prefer you to give me a pointer to the respective policy as to why this is considered bad. I can easily believe such a policy exists because I am a relatively new user (here since August, and around 800 edits).

Dan says "I and several people on IRC misinterpreted one of your edits as a revert". I presume he means you, as well as others. Of course I'll never know, because IRC logs are not kept, so discussions on Wikipedia IRC are by there nature unfair and opaque. Objections about IRCs use are here. I don't really like being blocked for 42 hours after being falsely accused of breaking a rule and then being told "please don't violate the 3RR again". Especially by a person who instigated the block. - XED . talk .stalk.mail. csb 18:28, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for the link. I support the idea not to make unpublished policy decisions there. Still I don't think it's a bad idea to call an admin's attention to an article via the IRC. The decision to block was done by a single person, it's not like a vote was being held or smth like that. In general, I think that off-line communication in the community are sometimes even better than being on the WP. At that particular time, WP was very slow IIRC, IRC had a much better response. Also, some arbitration issues have much better chances of success if done privately, don't you think?

 * You were certainly successful in getting me blocked. Well done. Give yourself a pat on the back. - XED . talk .stalk.mail. csb  13:23, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

As to the timing of being told "3RR again", it's a quote from the email sent before anybody had any other interpretation of the fact.
 * I certainly had a different "interpretation". And I was right. However, I was still blocked for 42 hours because of you. - XED . talk .stalk.mail. csb  13:23, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

If I read the (policy enforcing) admins' comments above correctly, some of them still perceive the edit history as a vio. of the 3RR.
 * Who? tell me who else contributed to the decision to get me blocked. - XED . talk .stalk.mail. csb  13:23, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I appologise if my interpretation of your 3RR breakage was wrong; in any case, it's the admins' opinion that counts. If you prefer, I call on you not to engage in actions perceived by some of the admins as the 3RR violation and by others bordering on it :-) BACbKA 19:01, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Do you have a degree in advanced smugness? - XED . talk .stalk.mail. csb  13:23, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

VfD and VfU
Hi! I thought you might be interested in the VfU for User:IndigoGenius/Micronation and the associated VfD. 22:33, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

SecretLondon
There was an exchange on the mailing list about this issue a while back, and in it I posted the full story. I have additionally emailed SecretLondon to open a dialogue with her, but she has not answered. To my knowledge, she does not say that she was forced out, nor is it likely, I think, that she would appreciate your going around and saying it.

 * Maybe, maybe not. I'm interested in justice. - XED . talk .stalk.mail. csb  21:21, 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm interested in justice, too. But what should we do?  The fact is, I said one little thing to her that anyone would judge as minor, I apologized to her three times anyway, and she isn't complaining about it.  If you want to write to her and ask her to contact me, I can do what I can to make further amends.  Would this satisfy you?

 * Actually, would _anything_ satisfy you?

 * You say you're interested in justice, but you consider yourself immune to criticism. An unusual viewpoint to say the least. - XED . talk .stalk.mail. csb . donate  15:26, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Here's what happened. She posted a comment to the mailing list which involved an attitude of anti-Americanism. I wrote her a very short email in which I said that I was getting sick of this, and please stop it. That's the worst thing that I ever said to her, and we had previous to that some very pleasant email exchanges.

 * I have never seen this comment of hers. But you sending her an email, as the "benevolent dictator" of Wikipedia, telling her you're sick of her, sends a very strong message. The message could easily be interpreted as "fuck off and don't come back". - XED . talk .stalk.mail. csb

 * I did not say that I'm sick of her. Please try to focus your mind.  --Jimbo Wales 02:41, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * You argue like a lawyer. - XED . talk .stalk.mail. csb . donate  15:26, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Within a couple of hours of writing that to her, I wrote a long apology for being snippy. I explained fully what I meant and why I said it. After you brought her blog post to my attention, I sent her yet another apology.

Here's the thing: there was nothing particularly awful about what I wrote the first time. It was snippy and I'm not usually snippy. She made other claims about me in that blog post that are simply not true. For example she claims that I banned danny at the behest of RK, which I absolutely did not. She claims that I'm a "rightist" which I manifestly am not.

So it is difficult for me to know how to respond further.

What I ask of you is quite simple: please stop going around telling people that I forced SecretLondon out of wikipedia.

 * Any sane person would regard a dictator saying "I am sick of your attitude" as being a deliberate way of forcing someone out. Of course, you could always claim to be the Henry II to Thomas Becket to abrogate responsibility. - XED . talk .stalk.mail. csb  21:21, 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I am not a dictator, and I specifically told her on multiple occassions that I appreciate her work. I'll email her more if you like, but I get the impression she'd rather not hear more from me. It's a terribly unfortunate situation, of course.  --Jimbo Wales 02:41, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Terribly unfortunate, tragic etc - but it worked out quite well for you.... I'm not surprised she'd rather not hear form you. Did you ever think why? - XED . talk .stalk.mail. csb . donate  15:26, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

But there's a bit more to it as well. You said that I have "sad history" of forcing out users who disagree with me -- but this is not at all true. If there's anything that's sad about my history in wikipedia it's got to be the exact opposite -- my unwillingness to force out users who I don't agree with. How many good users did we lose because I was unwilling to force out RK, for example, with whom I disagreed on just about everything about his conduct at wikipedia?

 * I don't really know what you're talking about. I do know that you have helped to create an encyclopaedia that has more on Middle Earth than central Africa, more on Star Wars (fictional TV program) than Second Congo War (ongoing war which has killed 4 million people). Despite the strange balance of articles, you intend to release a printed version (Wikipedia 1.0) for the third world. Surely you jest? - XED . talk .stalk.mail. csb  21:21, 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * My position here is likely no different from yours, so why yell at me? I want the encyclopedia to continue to improve, and I'm open to ideas for doing so.  I'm not particularly open to personal attacks on me that are not grounded in reality, of course.  But, I have said publicly and privately that I support efforts and ideas to reduce the degree of systemtic bias in wikipedia.  --Jimbo Wales 02:41, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * You are not open to ideas at all. The opposite is true. Witness your response to Larry Sanger -, full of the kind of condescending haughtiness often produced by those surrounded by sycophants. I might also point out that when I drew attention to this response on your Talk page it was immediately deleted. So much for openness. You also have the habit of construing everything critical of Wikipedia to be a personal attack on you. This is what Wikipedia has become, a clique of outwardly obsequious admins too cowed to question the status quo or their Leader. -  XED . talk .stalk.mail. csb . donate  15:26, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

As for our relations, I have never quite understood you from the very beginning. The first I ever heard of you, you were angry at me for things that I didn't do, attitudes that I don't hold, etc. You sent me angry and demanding emails and angry and demanding talk messages. Why? I think one possibility is that you have gotten a wrong idea of who I am, what I believe, and what I do. But I encourage you to open up a friendly email dialogue with me about, rather than continuing to go around spreading falsehoods.--Jimbo Wales 08:48, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, I know your ideas, your beliefs. Your Ayn Rand friends have some interesting ideas - (Note: Even the Ayn Rand people have now backtracked). In our previous email correspondence you indicated that yes, you were bound by the votes of other Wikipedians. However, you didn't tell the rest of Wikipedia! Hence, in a vote for arbitration, almost all of the voters believes they had no jurisdiction over you. I will tell you this, a fork will come soon unless Wikipedia is reformed. -  XED . talk .stalk.mail. csb  21:21, 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Psst, don't tell anyone, but there already are like a billion wikipedia forks: Mirrors and forks. Dori | Talk 02:19, Jan 3, 2005 (UTC)

Your treatment of Jimbo, who has spent more money on this project than the average person will see in his/her life and is now working on it more or less full-time, frankly sickens me. Pakaran 15:01, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I hope you get better soon. The many who suffered because Jimbo thought a banner was unnecessary may take longer to heal. - XED . talk.

You have such a small, petty mind. Slrubenstein 19:08, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

When I wrote the above, there was nothing here about "tsunami relief" so I do not know what you are talking about. Do you really not know what I was talking about? You have a small and petty mind because of the combination of ignorance, arrogance, and meanness with which you insult Jimbo. Since this is pretty obvious to everyone else, I thought it would be obvious to you. Slrubenstein  |  Talk  14:39, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

You moron -- you keep claiming that I think it is petty to help others when I explicitly state that it is petty to insult Jimbo. Also, you claim that my comment follows a discussion of tsunami relief. I checked for a third time: the words "tsunami" and "relief" do not appear in this section, except in this comment and the one I made earlier today. I repeat: you have a small and petty mind, because of the way you misrepresent and insult others, especially others who have given much more of themselves to this project than you. Slrubenstein  |  Talk  17:04, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Happy new year!
I wish you the best, Xed! — mark ✎ 00:18, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Jimbo, objectivism, et cetera
A person who happens to share a philosophy with Jimbo posted on a website dedicated to said philosophy that he feels that the US government should not give money to the disaster because taxation is unfounded, and as such they should not have the money to begin with. On the basis of this, you feel that Jimbo, who was not the author of that passage, would oppose using the main page of Wikipedia to solicit voluntary donations. This is analogous to saying that since Joseph Stalin murdered his political opponents, I as an Atheist would like to do the same. Please THINK before posting these sorts of comments. Pakaran 15:09, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * If you look at the edit history of the Main page you will see removing donations box on the suggestion of Jimbo. link is now included in "in the news". Jimbo later said, "I was asked an opinion, and I gave it, no more and no less. I think my opinion was right". - XED . talk .stalk.mail. csb . donate  15:20, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Convicts and Puritans

 * I remember seeing a Australian car sticker which said "Thank God it was the Convicts and not the Puritans"

Thanks for that! It was laugh-out-loud funny. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 05:57, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)

LRA on FAC
Hi Xed, can I ask you a favor? I nominated Lord's Resistance Army at WP:FAC and I'm really keen on getting this one through, because it's worth it but also because the Featured Articles suffer from systemic bias too. BanyanTree asked me to check the language because he has a blindspot for flaws in his own sentences. Since I'm not a native speaker of English, I'm very slow at that kind of task. Could you maybe devote some attention to it and try to fix some of the style and language-related problems that surface on the FAC request? That would be really cool. Needless to say, I won't feel offended if you ignore my request because you have other things to attend to. Thanks! — mark ✎ 00:10, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

they're quick
Thanks for giving me a heads up. That's amazing. They already have the assaulted women photo I put up yesterday on Second Congo War. I suppose we owed them for taking the Rwandan Genocide subpages. ;) - BanyanTree 18:19, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Image:CSB-circle.gif
Hello xed. I was image tagging, when I came across Image:CSB-circle.gif and its mate, Image:CSB-circlelogo.jpg. Did you make these? I was unable to determine the copyright status, so I tagged it as "unverified". Could you add a proper image copyright tag to it? Pictures without tags will eventually be deleted. There are probably other CSB-related logos and such that are also not tagged. By the way, great work keeping up with CSB! Thanks, – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 15:14, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Done - XED . talk  13:38, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Xed/Archive3


text:
HMNB Clyde

His Majesty's Naval Base, Clyde (HMNB Clyde; also HMS Neptune), primarily sited at Faslane on the Gare Loch, is one of three operating bases in the United Kingdom for the Royal Navy (the others being HMNB Devonport and HMNB Portsmouth). It is the navy's headquarters in Scotland and is best known as the home of Britain's nuclear weapons, in the form of nuclear submarines armed with Trident missiles.

History
Faslane was first constructed and used as a base in the Second World War. During the 1960s, the British Government began negotiating the Polaris Sales Agreement with the United States regarding the purchase of a Polaris missile system to fire British-built nuclear weapons from five specially constructed submarines. In the end, only four were constructed; HMS Resolution (S22), HMS Repulse (S23), HMS Renown (S26) and HMS Revenge (S27). These four submarines were permanently based at Faslane.

Faslane itself was chosen to host these vessels at the height of the Cold War because of its geographic position, which forms a bastion on the relatively secluded but deep and easily navigable Gare Loch and Firth of Clyde on the west coast of Scotland. This position provides for rapid and stealthy access through the North Channel to the submarine patrolling areas in the North Atlantic, through the GIUK gap to the Norwegian Sea. At the time it was chosen, the location was also close to the American SSBN base at Holy Loch, which operated 1961–1992. One boat was always on patrol at any given time.

In 1971 the base was home to the 3rd Submarine Squadron of Nuclear Fleet and Diesel Patrol Submarines, "the fighters", and the 10th Submarine Squadron consisting of the four Polaris submarines, "the bombers".

Based vessels and units
The following notable vessels and units are based at Faslane.

Royal Navy
Commodore J. L. Perks OBE, Commander Submarine Flotilla/(Commodore Submarine Service (COSM))
 * Vanguard-class SSBNs
 * HMS Vanguard (S28)
 * HMS Victorious (S29)
 * HMS Vigilant (S30)
 * HMS Vengeance (S31)
 * Astute-class SSNs
 * HMS Astute
 * HMS Ambush
 * HMS Artful
 * HMS Audacious
 * HMS Anson
 * Sandown-class mine countermeasures vessel
 * HMS Bangor – forward deployed with 9 Mine Countermeasures Squadron at HMS Jufair, Bahrain
 * Faslane Patrol Boat Squadron
 * HMS Tracker (P274) (Archer-class patrol vessel)
 * HMS Raider (P275) (Archer-class patrol vessel)
 * Northern Diving Group
 * 1 x Sea-class 15m diving support boat
 * Mine Threat and Exploitation Group
 * Arcims-class autonomous vessels
 * RNMB Hebe
 * RNMB Hydra
 * RNMB Hussar
 * RNMB Hazard
 * RNMB Harrier (forward deployed with 9 MCM Squadron at HMS Jufair, Bahrain as of 2023)
 * RNMB Halcyon
 * RNMB Hellcat (mine warfare support boat)

Royal Fleet Auxiliary
 * RFA Stirling Castle (from Spring 2024 as "mothership" of autonomous vessels from Mine Threat and Exploitation Group)

Royal Marines (3 Commando Brigade)
 * 43 Commando Fleet Protection Group
 * Headquarters Squadron
 * O Rifle Squadron
 * P Rifle Squadron
 * R Rifle Squadron
 * Island-class patrol vessels
 * Mull
 * Rona
 * Eorsa

Serco Marine Services

 * Multicat 2613-class utility boat
 * SD Angeline
 * Coastal oilers
 * SD Oilman
 * SD Waterpress
 * Impulse-class tugs
 * SD Impulse (A344)
 * SD Impetus (A345)
 * ATD 2909-class tugs
 * SD Reliable
 * SD Resourceful
 * SD Dependable
 * STAN 2608-class tugs
 * SD Jupiter
 * Oban-class tenders
 * SD Oronsay
 * SD Omagh
 * Personnel ferries
 * SD Eva
 * STAN 1505-class tenders
 * SD Clyde Racer
 * STAN 1905-class tenders
 * SD Clyde Spirit

Ministry of Defence Police

 * Clyde Marine Unit
 * Island-class patrol vessels
 * Iona
 * Skye
 * Lismore
 * Barra
 * Harris
 * Jura
 * Nuclear Division (Faslane Station)
 * Central Support Group

Role and operations
HMNB Clyde lies on the eastern shore of Gare Loch in Argyll and Bute, to the north of the Firth of Clyde and 25 mi west of Glasgow. The submarine base encompasses a number of separate sites, the primary two being:
 * Faslane, 25 miles from Glasgow;
 * RNAD Coulport, beside Loch Long, 2 mi west of Faslane.

Faslane is also a Defence Equipment and Support site, operated in dual site organisation with Great Harbour, Greenock, by Babcock Marine and Technology, and managed by Serco Denholm.

The naval shore establishment at Faslane is HMS Neptune. Naval personnel appointed to the base who do not belong to a seagoing vessel make up Ship's Company. Both the Gareloch and Loch Long are sea lochs extending northwards from the Firth of Clyde. The base serves as home base to Britain's fleet of Vanguard-class submarine nuclear-powered and nuclear-armed submarines, as well as conventionally armed nuclear-powered submarines, supported by the 43 Commando Fleet Protection Group Royal Marines.

In command of HMNB Clyde is the Naval Base Commander (Clyde), Commodore Sharon Malkin. The base is home to a number of lodger units including Flag Officer Scotland and Northern Ireland (FOSNI) (who is also Rear Admiral Submarines), the Northern Diving Group and the Scottish Headquarters of the Ministry of Defence Police. It is base to 3,000 service personnel, 800 of their families and 4,000 civilian workers, largely from Babcock Marine, forming a major part of the economy of Argyll and Bute and West Dunbartonshire.

By 2020 all 11 Royal Navy submarines will be based on the Clyde at Faslane, seeing the number of people directly employed at the base rising to 8,200. In 2018, the Secretary of State for Scotland at the time, David Mundell said: "The UK’s entire submarine fleet will be based at Faslane by 2020. This will reinforce Scotland’s vital role in protecting our country, and guarantee skilled, secure jobs on the Clyde for years to come."

Safety and accidents at Faslane
Exercise Evening Star is the annual test of the emergency response routines to a nuclear weapon accident at Faslane. It is conducted by the Office for Nuclear Regulation. In 2011 the test failed as "a number of command and control aspects of the exercise were not considered to have been adequately demonstrated".

In 2013–14 there were 99 radiation accidents concerning nuclear reactors, and 6 with nuclear weapons. These are the highest numbers for at least six years. The MoD maintains that there was no risk to the public as most of them were minor accidents. The SNP defence spokesman, Angus Robertson, called the figures "totally shocking".

The MoD, however, argued that it was "entirely misleading" to focus only on the number of incidents, because they include "very minor issues such as the failure to fill out the correct form before painting works began." Indeed, the MOD stated that this "rigorous system shows how seriously MoD takes all aspects of nuclear safety, ensuring lessons are learned, and we can be clear that none of the events in the reports posed any risk to the health of our personnel, or to any members of the public." Indeed, one of the recorded events was the incorrect labelling of an empty pallet. Minor events were reported and investigated so that performance could be continuously improved. "This comprehensive, independent recording process allows Clyde to maintain a robust reporting culture, undertake learning from experience and to take early corrective action," the UK Defence Minister, Philip Dunne, told MPs.

Anti-nuclear demonstrations
Given the presence of these nuclear capable missiles, Faslane has attracted demonstrations by Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and other Scottish pressure groups, including Trident Ploughshares. Since 1982, a permanent peace camp is outside the base gates, where there are frequent demonstrations and regular Wednesday protests. The presence of Faslane is also an issue in Scottish politics.

The Scottish National Party (SNP), the Scottish Socialist Party (SSP), and the Scottish Greens all oppose the deployment of nuclear weapons although the SNP have made assurances that they would retain the base for the servicing of conventionally armed and conventionally powered naval units. Members of those parties and indeed some from the Labour Party are often present at rallies. Also, some former independents, such as George Galloway attend rallies outside Faslane.

Faslane 365
The Faslane 365 campaign was a one-year protest at the base. It was a civil resistance initiative to apply critical public pressure for the disarmament of Britain's nuclear weapons.

The campaign was launched in September 2006, with the first protest action commencing on 1 October 2006 carried out by a campaigning group of women associated with protests at Greenham Common. It formally ended with a "Big Blockade" on 1 October 2007.

131 blockading groups took part in Faslane 365 and 1150 arrests were made.

title: HMNB Clyde


text:
Hip fracture

A hip fracture is a break that occurs in the upper part of the femur (thigh bone), at the femoral neck or (rarely) the femoral head. Symptoms may include pain around the hip, particularly with movement, and shortening of the leg. Usually the person cannot walk.

A hip fracture is usually a femoral neck fracture. Such fractures most often occur as a result of a fall. (Femoral head fractures are a rare kind of hip fracture that may also be the result of a fall but are more commonly caused by more violent incidents such as traffic accidents.) Risk factors include osteoporosis, taking many medications, alcohol use, and metastatic cancer. Diagnosis is generally by X-rays. Magnetic resonance imaging, a CT scan, or a bone scan may occasionally be required to make the diagnosis.

Pain management may involve opioids or a nerve block. If the person's health allows, surgery is generally recommended within two days. Options for surgery may include a total hip replacement or stabilizing the fracture with screws. Treatment to prevent blood clots following surgery is recommended.

About 15% of women break their hip at some point in life; women are more often affected than men. Hip fractures become more common with age. The risk of death in the year following a fracture is about 20% in older people.

Signs and symptoms
The classic clinical presentation of a hip fracture is an elderly patient who sustained a low-energy fall and now has groin pain and is unable to bear weight. Pain may be referred to the supracondylar knee. On examination, the affected extremity is often shortened and externally rotated compared to the unaffected leg.

Complications
Nonunion, failure of the fracture to heal, is common in fractures of the neck of the femur, but much more rare with other types of hip fracture. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head occurs frequently (20%) in intracapsular hip fractures, because the blood supply is interrupted.

Malunion, healing of the fracture in a distorted position, is very common. The thigh muscles tend to pull on the bone fragments, causing them to overlap and reunite incorrectly. Shortening, varus deformity, valgus deformity, and rotational malunion all occur often because the fracture may be unstable and collapse before it heals. This may not be as much of a concern in patients with limited independence and mobility.

Hip fractures rarely result in neurological or vascular injury.

Medical
Many people are unwell before breaking a hip; it is common for the break to have been caused by a fall due to some illness, especially in the elderly. Nevertheless, the stress of the injury, and a likely surgery, increases the risk of medical illness including heart attack, stroke, and chest infection.

Hip fracture patients are at considerable risk for thromboemoblism, blood clots that dislodge and travel in the bloodstream. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is when the blood in the leg veins clots and causes pain and swelling. This is very common after hip fracture as the circulation is stagnant and the blood is hypercoagulable as a response to injury. DVT can occur without causing symptoms. A pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when clotted blood from a DVT comes loose from the leg veins and passes up to the lungs. Circulation to parts of the lungs is cut off which can be very dangerous. Fatal PE may have an incidence of 2% after hip fracture and may contribute to illness and mortality in other cases.

Mental confusion is extremely common following a hip fracture. It usually clears completely, but the disorienting experience of pain, immobility, loss of independence, moving to a strange place, surgery, and drugs combine to cause delirium or accentuate pre-existing dementia.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) can occur. Patients are immobilized and in bed for many days; they are frequently catheterised, commonly causing infection.

Prolonged immobilization and difficulty moving make it hard to avoid pressure sores on the sacrum and heels of patients with hip fractures. Whenever possible, early mobilization is advocated; otherwise, alternating pressure mattresses should be used.

Risk factors
Hip fracture following a fall is likely to be a pathological fracture. The most common causes of weakness in bone are:
 * Osteoporosis.
 * Other metabolic bone diseases such as Paget's disease, osteomalacia, osteopetrosis and osteogenesis imperfecta. Stress fractures may occur in the hip region with metabolic bone disease.
 * Elevated levels of homocysteine, a toxic 'natural' amino acid.
 * Benign or malignant primary bone tumors are rare causes of hip fractures.
 * Metastatic cancer deposits in the proximal femur may weaken the bone and cause a pathological hip fracture.
 * Infection in the bone is a rare cause of hip fracture.
 * Tobacco smoking (associated with osteoporosis).

Functional anatomy
The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint. The femur connects at the acetabulum of the pelvis and projects laterally before angling medially and inferiorly to form the knee. Although this joint has three degrees of freedom, it is still stable due to the interaction of ligaments and cartilage. The labrum lines the circumference of the acetabulum to provide stability and shock absorption. Articular cartilage covers the concave area of acetabulum, providing more stability and shock absorption. Surrounding the entire joint itself is a capsule secured by the tendon of the psoas muscle and three ligaments. The iliofemoral, or Y, ligament is located anteriorly and serves to prevent hip hyperextension. The pubofemoral ligament is located anteriorly just underneath the iliofemoral ligament and serves primarily to resist abduction, extension, and some external rotation. Finally the ischiofemoral ligament on the posterior side of the capsule resists extension, adduction, and internal rotation. When considering the biomechanics of hip fractures, it is important to examine the mechanical loads the hip experiences during low energy falls.

Biomechanics
The hip joint is unique in that it experiences combined mechanical loads. An axial load along the shaft of the femur results in compressive stress. Bending load at the neck of the femur causes tensile stress along the upper part of the neck and compressive stress along the lower part of the neck. While osteoarthritis and osteoporosis are associated with bone fracture as we age, these diseases are not the cause of the fracture alone. Low energy falls from standing are responsible for the majority of fractures in the elderly, but fall direction is also a key factor. Elderly tend to fall to the side as instead of forward, and the lateral hip and strikes the ground first. During a sideways fall, the chances of hip fracture see a 15-fold and 12-fold increase in elderly males and females, respectively.

Neurological factors
Elderly individuals are also predisposed to hip fractures due to many factors that can compromise proprioception and balance, including medications, vertigo, stroke, and peripheral neuropathy.

Physical examination
Displaced fractures of the trochanter or femoral neck will classically cause external rotation and shortening of the leg when the patient is laying supine.

Imaging
Typically, radiographs are taken of the hip from the front (AP view), and side (lateral view). Frog leg views are to be avoided, as they may cause severe pain and further displace the fracture. In situations where a hip fracture is suspected but not obvious on x-ray, an MRI is the next test of choice. If an MRI is not available or the patient can not be placed into the scanner a CT may be used as a substitute. MRI sensitivity for radiographically occult fracture is greater than CT. Bone scan is another useful alternative however substantial drawbacks include decreased sensitivity, early false negative results and decreased conspicuity of findings due to age-related metabolic changes in the elderly.

A case demonstrating a possible order of imaging in initially subtle findings:

As the patients most often require an operation, full pre-operative general investigation is required. This would normally include blood tests, ECG and chest x-ray.

Types
X-rays of the affected hip usually make the diagnosis obvious; AP (anteroposterior) and lateral views should be obtained.

Trochanteric fractures are subdivided into either intertrochanteric (between the greater and lesser trochanter ) or pertrochanteric (through the trochanters ) by the Müller AO Classification of fractures. Practically, the difference between these types is minor. The terms are often used synonymously. An isolated trochanteric fracture involves one of the trochanters without going through the anatomical axis of the femur, and may occur in young individuals due to forceful muscle contraction. Yet, an isolated trochanteric fracture may not be regarded as a true hip fracture because it is not cross-sectional.

Prevention
The majority of hip fractures are the result of a fall, particularly in the elderly. Therefore, identifying why the fall occurred, and implementing treatments or changes, is key to reducing the occurrence of hip fractures. Multiple contributing factors are often identified. These can include environmental factors and medical factors (such as postural hypotension or co-existing disabilities from disease such as Stroke or Parkinson's disease which cause visual and/or balance impairments). A recent study has identified a high incidence of undiagnosed cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) amongst patients with a hip fracture. This is relatively unrecognised consequent of CSM.

Additionally, there is some evidence to systems designed to offer protection in the case of a fall. Hip protectors, for example appear to decrease the number of hip fractures among the elderly, but they are often not used.

Management
Most hip fractures are treated surgically by implanting a prosthesis. Surgical treatment outweighs the risks of nonsurgical treatment which requires extensive bedrest. Prolonged immobilization increases risk of thromboembolism, pneumonia, deconditioning, and decubitus ulcers. Regardless, the surgery is a major stress, particularly in the elderly. Pain is also significant, and can also result in immobilization, so patients are encouraged to become mobile as soon as possible, often with the assistance of physical therapy. Skeletal traction pending surgery is not supported by the evidence. Regional nerve blocks are useful for pain management in hip fractures. Peripheral nerve blocks may reduce pain on movement and delirium, may improve time to first mobilisation, and may reduce the risk of postoperative lower respiratory tract infection. Surgery can be performed under general anaesthesia or with neuraxial techniques (spinal anaesthesia) – choice is based on surgical and patient factors, as outcomes such as mortality and post-procedure complications including pneumonia, MI, stroke or delirium, are not affected by anaesthetic technique.

Red blood cell transfusion is common for people undergoing hip fracture surgery due to the blood loss sustained during surgery and from the injury. The benefits of giving blood when the hemoglobin is less than 10 g/dL versus less than 8 g/dL are not clear. Waiting until the hemoglobin was less than 8 g/dL or the person had symptoms may increase the risk of heart problems. Intravenous iron is used in some centres to encourage an increase in haemoglobin levels, but it not known whether this makes a significant difference to outcomes that matter to patients.

If operative treatment is refused or the risks of surgery are considered to be too high the main emphasis of treatment is on pain relief. Skeletal traction may be considered for long-term treatment. Aggressive chest physiotherapy is needed to reduce the risk of pneumonia and skilled rehabilitation and nursing to avoid pressure sores and DVT/pulmonary embolism Most people will be bedbound for several months. Non-operative treatment is now limited to only the most medically unstable or demented patients or those who are nonambulatory at baseline with minimal pain during transfers.

Surgery on the same day or day following the break is estimated to reduce postoperative mortality in people who are medically stable.

Intracapsular fractures

For low-grade fractures (Garden types 1 and 2), standard treatment is fixation of the fracture in situ with screws or a sliding screw/plate device. This treatment can also be offered for displaced fractures after the fracture has been reduced.

Fractures managed by closed reduction can possibly be treated by percutaneously inserted screws.

In elderly patients with displaced or intracapsular fractures surgeons may decide to perform a hemiarthroplasty, replacing the broken part of the bone with a metal implant. However, in elderly people who are medically well and still active, a total hip replacement may be indicated. Independently mobile older adults with hip fractures may benefit from a total hip replacement instead of hemiarthroplasty.

Traction is contraindicated in femoral neck fractures due to it affecting blood flow to the head of the femur.

The latest evidence suggests that there may be little or no difference between screws and fixed angle plates as internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults. The findings are based on low quality evidence that can't firmly conclude major difference in hip function, quality of life, and additional surgery.

Trochanteric fracture

A trochanteric fracture, below the neck of the femur, has a good chance of healing.

Closed reduction may not be satisfactory and open reduction then becomes necessary. The use of open reduction has been reported as 8-13% among pertrochanteric fractures, and 52% among intertrochanteric fractures. Both intertrochanteric and pertrochanteric fractures may be treated by a dynamic hip screw and plate, or an intramedullary rod.

The fracture typically takes 3–6 months to heal. As it is only common in elderly, removal of the dynamic hip screw is usually not recommended to avoid unnecessary risk of second operation and the increased risk of re-fracture after implant removal. The most common cause for hip fractures in the elderly is osteoporosis; if this is the case, treatment of the osteoporosis can well reduce the risk of further fracture. Only young patients tend to consider having it removed; the implant may function as a stress riser, increasing the risk of a break if another accident occurs.

Subtrochanteric fractures
Subtrochanteric fractures may be treated with an intramedullary nail or a screw-plate construction and may require traction pre-operatively, though this practice is uncommon. It is unclear if any specific type of nail results in different outcomes than any other type of nail.

A lateral incision over the trochanter is made and a cerclage wire is placed around the fracture for reduction. Once reduction has been achieved a guide canal for the nail is made through the proximal cortex and medullary. The nail is inserted through the canal and is fixated proximally and distally with screws. X-rays are obtained to ensure proper reduction and placement of the nail and screws are achieved.

Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation has been proven to increase daily functional status. Forty percent of individuals with hip fractures are also diagnosed with dementia or mild cognitive impairment which often results in poorer post-surgical outcomes. In such cases enhanced rehabilitation and care models have been shown to have limited positive effects in reducing delirium and hospital length of stay. It is unclear if the use of anabolic steroids affects recovery.

A updated Cochrane review (2022) involving over 4000 patients found evidence that gait training, balance and functional tasks training to be particularly effective when compared to conventional care. There is also moderate-certainty evidence that rehabilitation after hip fracture surgery, when delivered by a multidisciplinary team and supervised by an appropriate medical specialist, results in fewer cases of 'poor outcome', like death and deterioration in residential status. There is evidence early mobilisation helps. A UK study analysing data on over 135,000 people who had surgeyy for hip fracture found that people who get out of bed on the day of hip surgery, or the day after, were twice as likely to leave hospital within 30 days.

Nutrition supplementation
Oral supplements with non-protein energy, protein, vitamins and minerals started before or early after surgery may prevent complications during the first year after hip fracture in aged adults; without seemingly effects on mortality.

Surgical complications
Deep or superficial wound infection has an approximate incidence of 2%. It is a serious problem as superficial infection may lead to deep infection. This may cause infection of the healing bone and contamination of the implants. It is difficult to eliminate infection in the presence of metal foreign bodies such as implants. Bacteria inside the implants are inaccessible to the body's defence system and to antibiotics. The management is to attempt to suppress the infection with drainage and antibiotics until the bone is healed. Then the implant should be removed, following which the infection may clear up. Implant failure may occur; the metal screws and plate can break, back out, or cut out superiorly and enter the joint. This occurs either through inaccurate implant placement or if the fixation does not hold in weak and brittle bone. In the event of failure, the surgery may be redone or changed to a total hip replacement. Mal-positioning: The fracture can be fixed and subsequently heal in an incorrect position; especially rotation. This may not be a severe problem or may require subsequent osteotomy surgery for correction.

Prognosis
Hip fractures are very dangerous episodes, especially for elderly and frail patients. The risk of dying from the stress of the surgery and the injury in the first thirty days is about 7%. At one year after fracture, this may reach 30%. If the condition is untreated the pain and immobility imposed on the patient increase that risk. Problems such as pressure sores and chest infections are all increased by immobility. The prognosis of untreated hip fractures is very poor. However, most people who suffer a hip fracture are of relatively low risk of early mortality as deaths are concentrated in a numerically smaller, higher risk group. There are scoring tools available, such as the Nottingham Hip Fracture Score that can provide an estimate of risk based on the factors that are known to place people at higher risk, such as: advanced age; dementia or delirium on admission, anaemia on admission, co-morbidities; not living at home before the fracture; and previous diagnoses of cancer.

Post operation
Among those affected over the age of 65, 40% are transferred directly to long-term care facilities, long-term rehabilitation facilities, or nursing homes; most of those affected require some sort of living assistance from family or home-care providers. 50% permanently require walkers, canes, or crutches for mobility; all require some sort of mobility assistance throughout the healing process. Most of the recovery of walking ability and activities of daily living occurs within 6 months of the fracture. After the fracture about half of older people recover their pre-fracture level of mobility and ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living, while 40–70% regain their level of independence for basic activities of daily living.

Among those affected over the age of 50, approximately 25% die within the next year due to complications such as blood clots (deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism), infections, and pneumonia.

Patients with hip fractures are at high risk for future fractures including hip, wrist, shoulder, and spine. After treatment of the acute fracture, the risk of future fractures should be addressed. Currently, only 1 in 4 patients after a hip fracture receives treatment and work up for osteoporosis, the underlying cause of most of the fractures. Current treatment standards include the starting of a bisphosphonate to reduce future fracture risk by up to 50%.

Epidemiology
Hip fractures are seen globally and are a serious concern at the individual and population level. By 2050, it is estimated that there will be six million cases of hip fractures worldwide. One study published in 2001 found that in the US alone, 310,000 individuals were hospitalized due to hip fractures, which can account for 30% of Americans who were hospitalized that year. Another study found that in 2011, femur neck fractures were among the most expensive conditions seen in US hospitals, with an aggregated cost of nearly $4.9 billion for 316,000 inpatient hospitalizations. Rates of hip fractures are declining in the United States, possibly due to increased use of bisphosphonates and risk management. Falling, poor vision, weight, and height are all seen as risk factors. Falling is one of the most common risk factors for hip fractures. Approximately 90% of hip fractures are attributed to falls from standing height.

Given the high morbidity and mortality associated with hip fractures and the cost to the health system, in England and Wales, the National Hip Fracture Database is a mandatory nationwide audit of care and treatment of all hip fractures.

Population
All populations experience hip fractures but numbers vary with race, gender, and age. Women have three times as many hip fractures as men. In a lifetime, men have an estimated 6% risk whereas postmenopausal women have an estimated 14% risk of having a hip fracture. These statistics provide insight over a lifespan, and conclude that women are twice as likely to have a hip fracture. The overwhelming majority of hip fractures occur in white individuals, while blacks and Hispanics have a lower rate of them. This may be due to their generally greater bone density and also because whites have longer overall lifespan and higher likelihood of reaching an advanced age where the risk of breaking a hip goes up. Deprivation is also a key factor: in England, it has been found that people in the poorest parts of the country are more likely to fracture a hip and less likely to recover well than those in the least deprived areas.

Age related
Age is the most dominant factor in hip fracture injuries, with most cases occurring in people over 75. The increase of age is related to the increase of the incidence of hip fracture, which is the most frequent cause of hospitalization in centenarians, overcoming congestive heart failure and respiratory infection. Falls are the most common cause of hip fractures; around 30–60% of older adults fall each year. This increases the risk for hip fracture and leads to the increased risk of death in older individuals, the rate of one year mortality is seen from 12 to 37%. For those remaining patients, half of them need assistance and cannot live independently. Also, older adults sustain hip fractures because of osteoporosis, which is a degenerative disease due to age and decrease in bone mass. The average age for sustaining a hip fracture is 77 years old for women and 72 years old for men.

title: Hip fracture


text:
User:Mothperson

 Adding to the sum total of human knowledge on-line 1/8 teaspoonful at a time, if that much.

Mothperson is a hermit of the upper northern hemisphere, greyish in color. It is a pretty good speller, its grammar is not frightful, but it gets unnerved by the finer points of punctuation.

When not being forced to research deceased chefs, obscure pomologies and extinct candy bars, Mothperson’s computer likes to relax with seti@home.com

 * Personal saints:
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*A magical incantation for dispelling sock puppets, which is owed in large part to Jonel

See also the litterbox and the sandbox

title: User:Mothperson


text: User talk:81.59.19.36

title: User talk:81.59.19.36