text:
Template talk:No license

Usage: - this will do the right thing with Template:No license.

 * An archive of old, inactive discussion can be found at /archive1.

Template text: Unless the copyright status is provided...
For some reason I interpreted this phrase in the template as asking for the identity of the copyright holder. I would suggest it be changed to say something like "Unless a public domain or fair use claim is provided...", if that is what is intended. Gimmetrow 15:41, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Edit Request
Please edit the template so  is instead. --  tariq abjotu  02:19, 3 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I'd prefer to keep the current wording rather than have two exact dates, but if this charge is made, it must be +8, not +7. ×Meegs 03:56, 3 September 2006 (UTC)
 * This wouldn't change ; it would instead change , which is currently incorrect because   (10-09-2006) is not the same as   (2006-09-10). I suppose I could change , but all that does is use the  template, as I suggested above (albeit incorrectly). --  tariq abjotu  09:13, 3 September 2006 (UTC)
 * OK, right. I've made the change here and to No rationale. No source already had it. I used +7 since it's better that people think they have less time than they really do than more. Thanks. ×Meegs 17:36, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

Interwiki
editprotected
 * Plz, add ru-wiki . Alex Spade 13:58, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
 * ✅ Done --ais523 14:00, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

editprotected

Please add ml:Template:No license to the interwiki links section. Thank you -Tux the penguin 09:48, 25 July 2007 (UTC)
 * ✅ Tra (Talk) 13:01, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Template talk:No license


text:
Project manufacturing

Project manufacturing is an operation designed to produce large, expensive, specialized products such as custom homes, defense weapons such as aircraft carriers and submarines, and aerospace products such as passenger planes, and the Space Shuttle.

Project manufacturing is highly flexible, because each project is usually significantly different from the one before it, even if the project’s size and expense and high degree of customization, project manufacturing can take an extremely long time to complete.

Project Manufacturing is an operation designed to produce unique but similar products. It takes advantage of common manufacturing requirements (and therefore efficiencies), while allowing for customization into “unique” combinations. Unique orders may be managed like a project. The more components of that order that are common to other unique orders the more they may be manufactured – taking advantage of manufacturing methodology. Project Manufacturing then is the melding of Manufacturing and Project Management at a level where the most advantage may be gleaned from each to the financial advantage of the company.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Project manufacturing


text:
Talk:Postal order

Untitled
This the correct spelling, with a capital O. See talk page of 'Postal order'

I intend to revert this page and make 'Postal order' the redirector.

Lincolnshire Poacher 16:57, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Merge
This should be merged with Postal Orders of Great Britain. - (Aidan Work 10:20, 30 December 2005 (UTC))

 * It appears from the article that postal orders are not exclusive to Great Britain. Hu 06:13, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

Yes, Postal Orders are used outside of Great Britain, so these topics should not be merged, although this topic could be expanded on. Gnj 16:41, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

I don't see why the information in the Postal Orders of Great Britain article shouldn't be integrated into the general Postal Orders article, which to me should take precedence. The Postal Orders of GB are not so unique as to get their own article, but are merely a subcategory of Postal Orders. Their status as the "original" postal orders can surely be sufficiently addressed in the history of postal orders.

I think it's also worth mentioning that this topic could also be better linked to Money Order Cpastern 17:19, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I disagree with the merge suggestion. The Postal Orders article is about Postal Orders in general but the Postal Orders of Great Britain is specific to that country and if expanded can be a great article in its own right just like the Postal Orders of Ireland already is. It would a waste of time to merge and then have to de-merge later. If the merge should take place then the logic is that you should also merge the Postal Orders of Ireland into the general article too. I don't think there is any viability in that. ww2censor 14:23, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm untagging this as there has been no recent interest, none since 2006 and no consensus. ww2censor (talk) 12:51, 14 September 2019 (UTC)

Language
I think "sketchy" is too casual a word for this entry. I would suggest changing it to "inconclusive" if that is what is actually meant by that sentence. (Kirsten 17:20, 6 June 2007)

Please fix the external link
Can someone please fix the external link, which depicts some Malaysian postal orders? - (203.211.79.176 23:24, 16 July 2007 (UTC))

Advantages?
It was a safe method in times past, but nowadays offers very little advantage over cheques or electronic funds transfer.

Very little advantage? I'd say it offers one absolutely huge advantage over these methods if you're under 16 and/or (shock! horror!) don't have a bank account, namely that it's actually possible. 217.155.20.163 (talk) 22:53, 17 April 2009 (UTC)

Canada
The article mentions only something no longer in use, but postal money orders are still in use here today.Bill (talk) 03:04, 5 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Postal order


text:
Susanne Ljungskog

Susanne Ljungskog (born 16 March 1976 in Halmstad) is a Swedish former cyclist. As a four-time Olympian (1996, 2000, 2004 and 2008), she won the world road race championship in 2002 and 2003. The same years, she was UCI points champion. She has also won two World Cup races.

Ljungskog received the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal in 2002.

Career highlights

 * 1994
 * 1st MaillotSuecia.PNG National Road Race Championships
 * 2nd Drei Tagen von Pattensen
 * 3rd Overall Thüringen Rundfahrt der Frauen
 * 3rd GP Scandinavia Time Trial
 * 3rd Tjejtrampet – 3rd place

 * 1996
 * National Road Championships
 * 1st MaillotSuecia.PNG Road Race
 * 2nd Time Trial

 * 1997
 * National Road Championships
 * 1st MaillotSuecia.PNG Road Race
 * 3rd Time Trial
 * 4th European U23 Road Race Championships

 * 1998
 * National Road Championships
 * 1st MaillotSuecia.PNG Road Race
 * 2nd Time Trial
 * European U23 Road Championships
 * 1st UEC Champion Jersey.svg Road Race
 * 1st Tjejtrampet
 * 2nd Overall Thüringen Rundfahrt der Frauen
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 2nd Overall Eurosport Tour of Poland
 * 2 stage wins
 * 5th Overall Tour de l'Aude Cycliste Féminin
 * 1st Stage 1

 * 1999
 * 3rd Overall Holland Ladies Tour

 * 2000
 * 2nd Luba Classic
 * 3rd Overall Holland Ladies Tour
 * 3rd Overall Vuelta International a Majorca
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 5th Tjejtrampet

 * 2001
 * 1st GP Suisse Féminin
 * 1st Primavera Rosa
 * 2nd Montréal
 * 3rd Overall Tour de l'Aude Cycliste Féminin
 * 6th Overall
 * 1st Stage 1 Grande Boucle

 * 2002
 * 1st Jersey rainbow.svg UCI Road World Championships Road Race
 * 1st Jersey pink.svg Overall Giro della Toscana
 * 3 stage wins
 * 1st UCI Road World Cup Points Championship
 * 2nd Overall Grande Boucle
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 2nd Overall Trophée Féminin Méditerranéen
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 3rd Overall Tour de Snowy
 * 3rd GP de Plouay (World Cup)
 * 4th Overall Emakumeen Bira
 * 1st Jersey green.svg Points classification
 * 1st Stage 1

 * 2003
 * 1st Jersey rainbow.svg UCI Road World Championships Road Race
 * 1st Jersey pink.svg Overall Giro della Toscana
 * 1st Jersey orange.svg Overall Holland Ladies Tour
 * 1st UCI Road World Cup Points Championship
 * 2nd Overall
 * 1st Stage 1 Thüringen Rundfahrt der Frauen
 * 2nd Overall Giro del Trentino
 * 3rd Overall Tour de l'Aude Cycliste Féminin
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 3rd Overall Vuelta a Castilla y León
 * 3rd Rotterdam Tour

 * 2004
 * 1st MaillotSuecia.PNG National Road Race Championships
 * 1st Stage 1 Thüringen Rundfahrt der Frauen
 * 5th Overall Giro del Trentino
 * 9th Overall Tour de l'Aude Cycliste Féminin
 * 1st Stage 1

 * 2005
 * 1st MaillotSuecia.PNG National Road Race Championships
 * 1st Jersey pink.svg Overall Giro della Toscana
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 1st Castilla y Leon
 * 2nd Overall Holland Ladies Tour
 * 2 stage wins
 * 2nd Overall Thüringen Rundfahrt der Frauen
 * 2nd Overall Gracia–Orlová
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 2nd Overall Geelong Tour
 * 2nd UCI Road World Cup Points Championship
 * 2nd GP Wales
 * 2nd Ronde van Vlaaneren
 * 6th Overall Emakumeen Bira
 * 1st Stage 1

 * 2006
 * National Road Championships
 * 1st MaillotSuecia.PNG Road Race
 * 1st MaillotSuecia.PNG Time Trial
 * 1st Jersey orange.svg Overall Holland Ladies Tour
 * 1st Open de Suède Vårgårda
 * 2nd Overall Tour de l'Aude Cycliste Féminin
 * 3rd Overall Giro d'Italia Femminile

 * 2007
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Tour de l'Aude Cycliste Féminin
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Emakumeen Bira
 * 1st Stage 1

 * 2008
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Tour de l'Aude Cycliste Féminin
 * 1st Stage 4

title: Susanne Ljungskog


text:
User talk:Cratchit

Welcome!

Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my New-Users' Talk Page.'''

Additional tips:
 * Here are some extra tips to help you get around Wikipedia:
 * If you want to play around with your new Wiki skills, try the Sandbox.
 * Click on the Edit button on a page, and look at how other editors did what they did.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: ~~~. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too. Always sign comments on Talk pages, never sign Articles.
 * You might want to add yourself to the New User Log
 * If your first language isn't English, try Contributing to articles outside your native language

Happy editing! Judging by your first edit, you're not new to Wikipedia — but welcome anyway. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 16:41, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cratchit


text:
Wilbraham

Wilbraham may refer to:

Surname

 * Aaron Wilbraham (born 1979), English professional footballer
 * Elizabeth Wilbraham (1632–1705), English architectural patron, possible first woman architect
 * George Wilbraham (1779–1852), English politician
 * Henry Wilbraham (1825–1883), English mathematician
 * Richard Wilbraham (1811–1900), British Army officer
 * Roger Wilbraham (1553–1616), English lawyer, Solicitor-General for Ireland under Elizabeth I
 * Roger Wilbraham (MP) (1743–1829), British Member of Parliament, bibliophile, antiquary, local historian and a patron of science and the arts

Given name

 * Wilbraham Lennox (1830-1897), English recipient of the Victoria Cross
 * Wilbraham Liardet (1799-1878), Australian hotelier and historian
 * Wilbraham Spencer Tollemache (1807–1890), English soldier and High Sheriff
 * Wilbraham Tollemache, 6th Earl of Dysart (1739–1821), British politician
 * Wilbraham Tollemache, 2nd Baron Tollemache (1832–1904), British politician

Places

 * Wilbraham Almshouses (disambiguation), founded by members of the Wilbraham family
 * Wilbraham, Massachusetts, American town
 * Wilbraham (CDP), Massachusetts, the central village in the town
 * Great Wilbraham, village in Cambridgeshire, England
 * Little Wilbraham, village in Cambridgeshire, England
 * The Wilbraham, an apartment building in Manhattan, New York City

title: Wilbraham


text: User talk:130.240.152.73

title: User talk:130.240.152.73


text:
Apapa

Apapa is a Local Government Area in Lagos, located to the west of Lagos Island. Apapa contains a number of ports and terminals operated by the Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA), including the major port of Lagos State and Lagos Port Complex (LPC).Federal Government

In its legislation, the NPA itself does not refer to any port called "Port of Apapa", rather it refers to the "Port of Lagos", "Port of Port Harcourt" and "Port of Calabar".

Overview
The region of Apapa lies near the mouth of Lagos lagoon, and contains ports and terminals for various commodities such as containers and bulk cargo, houses, offices and a small old disused railway station (Apapa North). It is the site of a major container terminal which was owned and operated by the Federal Government of Nigeria until March 2005, and now is operated by the Danish firm A. P. Moller-Maersk Group. Adjacent to the container port is the Tin Can Island Port, which has ro-ro facilities.

It also houses some refineries like the Bua Group. It also has commercial offices of many shipping, clearing and transportation companies. Other notable buildings include the Folawiyo Towers. Apapa houses the headquarters of the Nigerian newspaper Thisday.

History
An important bronze hoard of jewellery dating from the 16th Century was found in Apapa in 1907 and is now kept at the British Museum.

In 1950, the development of an industrial and housing estate covering 1000 acres began. The estate was completed in 1957/1958 and it flourished along with the expansion of the Apapa Wharf. The estate once accounted for a large number of industrial and construction workers in Lagos.

Government and infrastructure
Prisons of the Nigerian Prisons Service include:
 * Kirikiri Maximum Security Prison

Housing, education and social facilities
The district provides housing for various levels of housing needs from executive requirements to average families including single occupation and multiple storied accommodation. There are several schools. The German School Lagos was formerly located in Apapa.

Social and recreational facilities are provided by private and public organizations including a boat club located on Apapa Creek.

Transportation
Apapa contains a number of ports and terminals operated by the Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA), including the major port of Lagos State and Lagos Port Complex (LPC).Federal Government

title: Apapa


text:
Talk:R rotunda

Meaning?
"The half-r probably was not used in the British typefaces used during the American Revolution, or it would have been remembered by Americans, as is the long s."

It's not clear what the purpose or meaning of this comment is intended to be. Is the intended sense "the half-r fell out of use before the long s, and was obsolete in printed works by the time of the American Revolution, which is why it is not so well known today"? If so, then a less culturally-biased reference point should be chosen, and the relevance of the point made clearer. (Incidentally, I am not aware that the half-r is any more widely known in Britain, Australia, or Timbuktu than it is in America, so perhaps a more general point about when it became obsolete would be more appropriate for this encyclopedia?)

 * The whole paragraph was rather odd, though that was the most bizarre comment. "Probably"?  As though we no longer have access to anything printed in 18th-century England, apart from what fragments we can reconstruct from American cultural memory? — Haeleth Talk 12:54, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

Image of normal r for comparison
It would be nice if there was a corresponding image of the "normal r" in the same typeface and size -- and perhaps some example text -- otherwise it's a bit hard to picture it.--Ejrh 14:00, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Supplied! --Stemonitis 16:06, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Coding
Unicode Consortium is planning to add uppercase R rotunda to U+A74E, while the lowercase to U+A74F. --Hello World! 09:46, 22 February 2006 (UTC) Appeared in N2957 but did not appear in UnicodeData-5.0.0d10.txt --Hello World! 09:37, 26 February 2006 (UTC)
 * It's not for Unicode 5.0, but rather for Unicode 5.1. Evertype 14:08, 12 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Doesn't the article currently state that it's "always lowercase"? I'm confused as to whether an uppercase version "really" exists or if one was just made up out of whole cloth for the purposes of the Unicode proposal. -- tiny plastic Grey Knight   ⊖  08:44, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

First paragraph
In my opinion, the private use character should not be included after "Rotunda r", in the parenthesis. It is defined by MUFI to be there, true, but being PUA-character, this cannot be assumed when not within the MUFI framework. As there are already images showing the form, I propose removing the PUA character from the text. Let's add the proper Unicode character once Unicode 5.1 comes out. Szabi 10:19, 11 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I've modified on general principles, based on a conversation on its talk page; it now includes a note that the character "may not display properly".  We can use "What links here" from that template later to find all articles that need so updated when the characters exist properly. -- tiny plastic Grey Knight   ⊖  08:44, 4 June 2008 (UTC)
 * I see you've got the Unicode version in now, hurrah! I changed an instance of the MUFI version on Tironian notes as well.  We're leaving in the one in section "Demise of the r rotunda", right?  It makes sense to have the MUFI one there, since that's what's being talked about. -- tiny plastic Grey Knight   ⊖  08:37, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

"Leeds Uni" font
referenced in the example image. The Leeds Uni link isn't helpful, as it merely redirects to University of Leeds, rather than anything directly related to the font. An actual reference to the font would be much more helpful: can anyone please supply one? Kay Dekker (talk) 21:59, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

One sign for rc.?
I was wondering if there is a Unicode rc. combined into one single character, i.e. Tironean et with point in one? — Fritz Jörn (talk) 03:49, 24 April 2016 (UTC)
 * No, and there is no need for such a code point, as the sequence ⁊c. can be represented without problems by U+204A + "c" + "." (using a Fraktur (blackletter) font where the Tironian et correctly has a r-rotunda-like glyph). -- Karl432 (talk) 17:52, 24 April 2016 (UTC)

Unicode character missing
How do I get this ꝛ to show?-- Sıgehelmus    (Talk) |д=)  22:13, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * You need a font that includes the character installed on your system. File:R rotunda in different fonts.png lists some fonts, and on my system Geneva contains it. If all else fails, there's always a unicode font. Opencooper (talk) 20:24, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 03:26, 1 November 2020 (UTC)
 * R rotunda in different fonts.png

No stroke on the d?
This phrasing—currently in the lede—bothers me: "...in typefaces where this letter has no vertical stroke; as in ⟨ẟ⟩, ⟨ꝺ⟩ and ⟨ð⟩)". As is plainly apparent from the accompanying picture, clearly at least the ⟨ꝺ⟩ has a substantially vertical stroke, at least in some calligraphic variants, albeit its top part (above the x-height) curls to the left. The questionable phrasing was added in this edit, which removed a MUCH better explanation of what's really going on, and basically copyedited this part of the lede down to the point of incomprehensibility. Obviously this edit cannot now be simply reverted, due to intervening edits, but this needs clarification badly, and I contend that restoration of most of not all of the earlier phrasing would probably be a good thing. In truth, the rotund R was used when it followed a letter that had a stroke —whether completely vertical or not— that (or at least part of which) could double as the R's left vertical (the resultant lowercase R thus being rendered in a style alike to small caps). The presence of a preceding (and at least somewhat vertical) stroke suitable for merging was the entire point, but the way the current phrasing has ended up would tend to suggest the opposite, so it's hard to grasp, misleading, if not outright wrong. I wonder if what happened here was that the copyeditor misunderstood the earlier clearer phrasing and hence added their own confusion to the article. Perhaps they were thrown off by the word "curved". I can see what the earlier author(s) meant, but I can also see how that could be misinterpreted. —ReadOnlyAccount (talk) 19:34, 20 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes, the previous version was better. You can't do an automatic revert but you can certainly copy/paste back from the earlier version, giving attribution per Copying within Wikipedia (you don't need to find out who wrote it, just cite oldid=656395309 as the source. --𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 19:54, 20 March 2024 (UTC)

 * From the way I read Copying within Wikipedia, this should-follow guideline applies just to copying from one article to another. Granted, I've done enough binary searches of article histories myself to understand that tracing things back to the original contribution is not always easy or 100% reliable, though it remains possible (so long as the evidence isn't destroyed – which btw. is precisely what some forms of deletionism do accomplish or effectively accomplish). AFAIK possible and preservation of evidence is all that's strictly required – there is no legal requirement to make things easy. While I think I've probably been good about referring back to origin diffs in edit summaries, if militant hyper-vigilance were required, even for copying within articles or from their own history, then I worry that could quickly become a rabbit hole of onerousness, and at that point I would hesitate to get involved. —ReadOnlyAccount (talk) 21:21, 20 March 2024 (UTC)
 * PS: I can just see it: In a body of work as big as Wikipedia, there have to be thousands of identical turns of phrase just by coincidence. Are we Shakespearean chimps really going to have an attributions arms race, with internecine Wikipedians accusing each other of infringement within? One shudders...
 * PPS: I forgot who said it first, but forgetfulness of whom one is quoting is an exceedingly common form of originality. — Preceding unsigned comment added by ReadOnlyAccount (talk • contribs) 21:21, 20 March 2024 (UTC)
 * I may have made it seem more of an issue than it really is? I would just reinstate the sentences you have identified and then, write up the edit note to say Restored previous better description from oldid=656395309 per talk page. See history to that point for provenance. That's it. --𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 23:53, 20 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:R rotunda


text:
Perpich Center for Arts Education

The Perpich Center for Arts Education is an agency of the state of Minnesota that seeks to advance K-12 education throughout the state by teaching in and through the arts. A 33 acre campus in Golden Valley houses the center's three main components: the outreach and professional development group, Perpich Arts High School and the Perpich Arts Library. Perpich serves as a resource for arts education, students, teachers, artists and arts and youth organizations in Minnesota.

Perpich Arts High School is a tuition-free public high school delivering a comprehensive education centered in the arts. The school is open to all 11th- and 12th-grade students who are Minnesota residents. Students apply and audition in 10th or 11th grade, in one of six areas: dance, literary arts, media arts, music, theater or visual arts. With enrollment limited to 310 students, the school offers the benefit of learning in a small community while allowing students to take advantage of arts resources in the Twin Cities. Students living in the Twin Cities area usually commute, while those from the greater Minnesota area live in a supervised residence hall on campus.

History
Former Minnesota Governor Rudy Perpich and his wife, Lola, provided the vision for the creation of the center after an extended stay in Vienna, Austria. Inspired by the seamless integration of arts and academics in Viennese schools, the Perpiches worked to create something similar in Minnesota when Rudy was reelected governor in 1983. After lengthy debate the idea of an arts high school was expanded to include professional development in arts education available to all Minnesota teachers and a statewide resource library.

The center was established in legislation in 1985 and was titled the Minnesota School of the Arts and Resource Center. Opening as The Minnesota Center for Arts Education in the autumn of 1989, the school began with junior students who graduated in 1991. The school has graduated nearly 3,500 alumni, many of whom have gone on to top-ranked colleges and conservatories across the country and are leading practitioners in their arts as well as successful doctors, teachers, lawyers, scientists and community leaders.

The center is on property that belonged to the Golden Valley Lutheran College, and most of its buildings were originally part of that school. All the buildings have been modified to accommodate the Perpich Center's mission. A major addition to the main school building was made in 1998-99.

Theater
Perpich's theater program offers a general introduction to theatrical practice, with a primary focus in acting skills. Students gain a working understanding of the Stanislavsky System, with particular emphasis on ensemble performance and physical expression. The program explores classical and contemporary performance theory and practice, including musical theater. All students in the program are engaged in class and production work throughout the year.

Dance
Perpich's dance program, directed by Mary Harding, focuses mostly on modern dance, with ballet and jazz training. Students are taught improvisation, dance history, theory, and choreography. Three dance concerts are performed per year along with additional collaborative performances on campus and in the community.

Music
In the music department students perform in small ensembles. Unlike a typical high-school music program, there is no orchestra or band. There is a choir for the first part of the year. Students form ensembles of two to five members and work collaboratively to arrange or compose music for their voices and instruments. They perform many concerts a year. Students also study a wide range of music topics in seminars, including theory and ear training, several seminars in electronic music, African drumming, guitar techniques and styles, soloing, and recording.

Literary arts
In their junior year literary arts students start with an intense study and practice of memoir, and then move on to short fiction, eventually creating a research-based, character-driven short story.

In their senior year students focus on work in a variety of genres, with a strong emphasis on poetry. In both their junior and senior years, students have the opportunity to read selected pieces of their writing in public readings arranged by the school. Literary students are also encouraged to arrange public readings not affiliated with the center. Several collaborative works have come from the center's literary arts community, including an anthology independently published by the graduating classes of 2006 and 2007: "Lit Kids: Mama Bird and the Electric Rabbit" (Mill City Press, 2007).

Media arts
The media arts program includes work with digital and traditional photography, computer animation, digital film along with film history and criticism and screenwriting. The department competes annually in national competitions, and the students are required to present work in the community and develop a portfolio for review.

Visual arts
The visual arts department is the school's largest. It comprises a painting and drawing studio, printmaking studio, ceramics room, computer lab, and gallery space.

All juniors are taught painting, drawing, graphic design, printmaking, documentation, portfolio development, and art history.

The senior year is a year of electives. Choices include paper-making, oil painting, advanced drawing, stop-motion animation, ceramics sculpture, digital imaging, grant writing, public art, sculpture, jewelry, monotype printmaking, screen printing, and portfolio development.

Noted alumni

 * Natalie Denise Sperl, actress, model and musician
 * Sean Tillmann (Har Mar Superstar) (1995), musician and actor
 * Jordis Unga (2000), contestant on Star Search, Rock Star: INXS, and The Voice
 * Anni Rossi, viola player
 * Josette Bynum (1995), professional wrestler, Total Non-Stop Action (TNA)
 * Corrie Harrigan and Liz Elton (2005) of Kitten Forever
 * Paper Tiger, (hip hop producer)
 * Katherine Gerdes (1999), fashion designer, contestant on Project Runway (season 3)
 * Jenny Zigrino (2005), comedian and actress
 * Samantha Rei (1999), fashion designer, contestant on Project Runway (season 16), author, illustrator
 * Nate Towle (2012), guitarist of Satan's Satyrs

Location
The Perpich Center is on Olson Memorial Highway in Golden Valley, Minnesota.

title: Perpich Center for Arts Education


text:
Marion Freisler

Marion Freisler (née Russegger; 10 February 1910 – 21 January 1997 ) was the wife of Roland Freisler, the infamous judge and chairman of the Nazi Volksgerichtshof (People's Court), who died in 1945 during an air raid in Berlin. She is sometimes mistakenly referred to as Anna Freisler.

Life
Marion Russegger was born 10 February 1910 in Hamburg, the daughter of Bernhard Adolf Cajetan Russegger, a merchant in Hamburg and Bremen, and Cornelia Pirscher. On 24 March 1928, she married Roland Freisler, who was a lawyer and city councillor of the Nazi Party in Kassel at the time. They had two sons, Harald and Roland, and both were baptized. On 3 February 1945, her husband was killed during an Allied air raid in Berlin. In his will, dated 1 October 1944, Freisler had decreed that their two houses belonged to his wife. She was considered "not incriminated" by the decision of the tribunal of April 29, 1953 and was his universal heir. She never remarried and, after the war, resumed her birth name Russegger and moved to Munich.

In 1974, her pension was raised by about 400 Deutsche Marks. The explanation given by the pension office was that had her husband survived the war, and not been executed, disbarred, or imprisoned by the military tribunals of the allied countries, he presumably would have had a successful career as a lawyer or a senior judge. This decision was protested by a member of the Bavarian Landtag, but the protest was rejected by the state government. This was one of the last incidents connected with the problematic issue of social integration of National Socialist jurists in the Federal Republic of Germany in the early years. In 1985, there was a scandal about her and other well-pensioned survivors of high-ranking Nazi officials. In 1997, aged 86, Freisler died. She was buried in Berlin in the Russegger family plot alongside her parents and her husband (Roland Freisler's name is not on the gravestone).

title: Marion Freisler


text:
Talk:A New Theory of the Earth

please state the nature of the dispute
If someone will please illustrate why Ungtss' version is appropriate, do so. Otherwise, we should remove the twoversions tag. Joshuaschroeder 16:44, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Have you read the book, schroeder? if you had, you'd realize he talks a great deal about sedimentary rocks and fossils, etc.  what is your problem?  Ungtss 21:49, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, I did read the book. He talks about quite a lot of things, but not in a systematic way -- through no fault of his own: observational sciences were just getting started when he penned the tome. There are things that are blatantly incorrect in the book, there are things that are pretty spot on. It is not a book about flood geology like Henry Morris' books -- it is a book about observation and speculation that took place during the Enlightenment. Joshuaschroeder 23:13, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * i can't help but wonder why a discussion of strata, rocks, and fossils in the context of noah's flood does not qualify as flood geology in your world. thoughts?  Ungtss 23:18, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Because flood geology was developed as an amalgamation of previously held ideas about geology and a rejection of modern geology. It would be like saying that Ptolemy accepted modern geocentrism. It's simply impossible for him to have done so because modern geocentrism as a modern endeavor wasn't around when Ptolemy was doing his stuff. It would be fine in my estimation to cite Morris or some other flood geology advocate who refered to this work as foundational to his understanding of flood geology, but the work in-and-of-itself isn't an advocate of flood geology. Joshuaschroeder 23:26, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * you're defining flood geology in an unneccesarily limited way to serve your purposes. that seems to be one of your pet tactics.  why are you saying that "flood geology" only came into being in the 18th century, when fossils had been read in terms of the flood for millenia?  i suppose the atheism of epicurus wasn't actually atheism either, because "real atheism" only came into being in the 19th century.  anyways.  your argument is nonsense as usual, but it's not worth the fight.  i'm going to add it as a link, and be done with it.  Ungtss 23:33, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Comet Tail
Are comets a key part of flood accounts? If not that should be reinserted into the article as an inconsistency in the hypothesis. - RoyBoy 800 22:59, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * How is it an inconsistency, rather than a refinement? Ungtss 23:03, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Uh, its inconsistent if flood accounts make no mention of a massive comet in the sky leading up to the flood. Adding "refinements" requires keeping in mind the existing evidence; if it creates more problems than it solves; it should be taken with a pinch of salt. The Earth encountering the tail of a comet... wouldn't occur without comment. :"D - RoyBoy 800 04:58, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * the absence of a particular detail is not an inconsistency -- it's the absence of a detail. but feel free to add your point if you like.  it's not hard to deconstruct whiston's argument.  it's not much fun, either.  Ungtss 12:39, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Well said! But dude, that's a pretty big "detail", comets coming to close proximity to Earth would be difficult to miss. Not fun for you perhaps, others may have alternative perspectives. - RoyBoy 800 21:51, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Incidentally, many connect the comet hypothesis with the old superstition that comets were a bad omen, holding that we came to associate comets with bad events because there was a comet right before the flood. just a thought.  have fun deconstructing 300 year old arguments, roy boy.  Ungtss 21:58, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Addition of some stuff
I think I improved the article immensely... TuckerResearch 23:39, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:A New Theory of the Earth


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wokhunt

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 22:13, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Wokhunt
A nonsensical nasty neologism. CDC  (talk)  16:45, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) Delete. Speedy delete candidate. --Randolph 17:50, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Beyond the trivial. Delet'unt Chris talk back 17:26, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Delete, trash. Firebug 21:47, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, trivial neologism. Megan1967 10:22, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Is that the Campbelltown? Mwanner 11:52, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wokhunt


text:
Talk:San Lorenzo fuori le mura

Untitled
The other articles on Italian basilicas use their proper Italian names because they are known by their Italian names, even by English-speaking people: Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano, Basilica Palladiana, Basilica della Santissima Annunziata di Firenze, Basilica di San Lorenzo di Firenze, Basilica di San Miniato al Monte, Basilica di San Zanipolo, Basilica di Santa Croce di Firenze, Basilica di Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari, Basilica di Santa Maria Novella, Basilica di Santa Maria della Salute. That establishes precedence to move this article to the proper title with a redirect from its more uncommonly used English translation. --Gerald Farinas 18:23, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

San Lorenzo and a Letter from Gregory the Great?
Are the deaths of the seven workers who accidentally saw the body of St. Lawrence according to a letter from Gregory the Great to the Empress Constantina related to Pelagius's work with San Lorenzo fuori le Mura? The letter in question merely suggests that Pelagius had ordered "improvements" to be made when the accident occurred and the workers died. 128.6.30.197 (talk) 05:17, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

Minor basilica
Why was this basilica "demoted" to a minor basilica? Many of the basilica articles relating to the Pope mention this basilica, but not why it is no longer part of the Pentarchy (even Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem does not mention it). What happened, when and why? 71.234.215.133 (talk) 11:09, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Until Benedict XVI, there were 4 major basilicas. All the others were ipso facto "minor basilicas". Benedict XVI’s theological act of renouncing the title of "Patriarch of the West"  had as consequence that Roman Catholic patriarchal basilicas are today officially known as Papal (Major or Minor) basilicas. In the case of San Lorenzo, it should read "Papal minor basilica" as strict denomination. See here for a full list: . I modified the page accordingly. Alberto Fernandez Fernandez (talk) 12:01, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

Pope St. Hilary
In the article on Pope St. Hilary it is mentioned that he is buried in this church. If this is so, shouldn't this be mentioned in the section on burials? Caeruleancentaur (talk) 12:43, 28 February 2011 (UTC)

Requested move 16 August 2018

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Moved to San Lorenzo fuori le Mura. No such user (talk) 07:34, 5 September 2018 (UTC)

Basilica of Saint Lawrence outside the Walls → San Lorenzo fuori le Mura – The article on almost every other basilica in Rome uses the Italian name. I can't see that this basilica is referred to by its English name any more than any other Roman basilica is. Most modern guidebooks use the Italian name. -- Necrothesp (talk) 13:05, 16 August 2018 (UTC) --Relisting. Dekimasu よ! 01:18, 25 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose. If English names do exist in relevant sources, I can't see why Italian names should be prioritised. Also, per WP:PRECISE, I fail to see why "Basilica of" formula consistency should then be dropped, in order to disambiguate from the saints attributed in names of church buildings (notwithstanding that this very church building already disambiguates with "outside the Walls"). Chicbyaccident (talk) 08:19, 17 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Support per WP:COMMONNAME. Johnbod (talk) 14:40, 22 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Support - per . Dreamy Jazz 🎷 talk to me | my contributions 12:31, 2 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Support per nom. bd2412  T 18:39, 4 September 2018 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 03:12, 18 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Basilica of Saint Lawrence outside the Walls.jpg

title: Talk:San Lorenzo fuori le mura


text:
Talk:Movie camera

Untitled
I think I understand these sentences: "Film is sometimes thought to have nearly perfect image quality. However film resolution is limited by the accuracy of the sprocket holes' placement relative to the image, and the wear of the sprocket holes. In practice film's resolution tops out at something equivalent to 1000 pixels per screen height." But I don't think they are clear or accurate. What is perfect image quality? Does this mean to say that film resolution is limited by the registration of the film and camera? What is 1000 pixels per screen height ?

In addition maybe movie camera should be a disambiguation page pointing to different types of cameras, formats, etc. --Plowboylifestyle 16:46, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Need some internal photos/diagrams
Can't find any on the net.

Will Wikipedia accept pencil scanned image of how the contraption works? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Ericg1 (talk • contribs) 20:29, 5 December 2006 (UTC).

 * What exactly are you looking for? The shutter/pulldown mechanism already has an animated graphic. The rest is mainly just takeup and feed rolls. Getting a good view of the whole mechanism can be difficult, because it is only fully viewable from the side, which renders the film itself sliver-thin and thus hard to illustrate any movement. Additionally, almost every camera has a completely different structure. Aside from the general pulldown/shutter principle illustrated, there is no consistent or generic way to show how movie cameras "work", AFAIK. What did you have in mind? Girolamo Savonarola 02:32, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Here's a pdf file

I also would like some of you to post prices on some of these cameras please. Price of cheap ones too.

 * That diagram doesn't actually show you anything - it's a very vague idea of what the inside of a camera looks like. The truth is that beyond the actual gate/shutter mechanism, there isn't much functionally going on inside, other than sprockets moving the film and the reels of film.

 * As far as prices go, there are many issues here. It's not really the function of Wikipedia to provide prices of things, to begin with. Second, your question has no real answer. There are only three major manufacturers still in existence, and one of them doesn't sell their cameras. The vast majority of film cameras on the market are older models, and thus subject to the normal price fluctuations of the market based on availability, age, condition, features, location, supply, and demand. And the same actually applies even if you're buying a new camera - Arri and Aaton are not going to name a retail price; individual buyers contact the company directly. It's much like buying a car, in fact. New top-line models may sell for six figures, while old cameras in poor condition can be found for as little as three figures. But as every sale is different, there's little way of offering up an answer. Girolamo Savonarola 22:28, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

Shutter
This may be a stupid question (in fact I'm fairly sure it is), but how does the camera operator see the image through the lens while the scene is being shot? If I take a shot with a still SLR camera, the viewfinder goes blank for a good fraction of a second while the mirror flips around and allows the film to be exposed. Do movie cameras use the same mechanism, with the mirror flipping around 24 times a second? sjorford (talk)  10:31, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

The mirror rotates in front of the film. There is a sector cut away from the circular mirror, usually 144 or 180 degrees, the mirror thus functions as a shutter. --Janke | Talk 14:56, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Just to clarify, the shutter angle generally needs to be precisely determined, due to factors like HMI light flicker, mains power frequency, frame rate, and desired exposure effect. For "normal" exposure at 24 fps, this means 172.8 degrees where power is 50 Hz and 144 degrees where power is 60 Hz, and if shooting at 25 fps where power is 50 Hz it would be 180 degrees. Girolamo Savonarola 15:38, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

 * You are correct. However, maybe this is too detailed to put into the article? If you feel it is not, do insert it! --Janke | Talk 20:30, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Well...maybe better for the shutter angle article... ;) Girolamo Savonarola 15:23, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

Why so much on video cameras, and other queries?
In the paragraphs devoted to the subject matter, there is one on a subject that surely has its own entry. I'm fairly new here, so I am feeling my way round as regards histories and stuff, and I wonder if anyone is up to editing/moving the video text to a more appropriate place?

I am going to do a short piece on clockwork cine camera's, particulary those "home movie" Standard 8, since I am a collector of same. I will mention Super8 and electric camera's, but have no specific knowledge of the type. Likewise 16mm.

 * I'd definitely also point you to the articles 16 mm film, 8 mm film, Super 8 mm film. Girolamo Savonarola 00:54, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

 * If I'm repeating any of the info contained in those articles, please feel to edit/post links as you deem appropriate.LessHeard vanU 14:40, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

The contribution under ...Trivia heading.
I'm new here, and I am not willing to get the scissors out just yet but I don't think this piece is right for this page - which is an article on the history, mechanics and such of the film camera. I would suggest a better home is found for it, perhaps as a link to the history of cinema? As a newbie I don't know how to move and link the piece, so I hope the contributor (or a more experienced editor) can do the business.LessHeard vanU 23:28, 9 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Deleted - I have a strong suspicion of copyvio, and it's not germane to this article anyway. In any case, it's in the history if the contributor wants to place it elsewhere. Honestly, though, it's not very in depth compared to what we already have in separate topics. Girolamo Savonarola 00:52, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

off topic
i came to the article 'cause i was hoping to find some external link to some movie bank or something 'cause i read somewhere there is this kind of thing, but no. does anyone know where can i find those old films? you know, homemade videos from the beggining of the last century and that governmental videos of cities and ford t's been built, war and people dancing? whatever you got the idea
 * Try archive.org Girolamo Savonarola 11:38, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

Bolex H16 and other camera photos
I hadn't noticed this article and its images and uploaded some of my photography of movie cameras in Commons lately, including a more elaborate Bolex H16. See:. Maybe some could be used for this article. Hoverfish Talk 22:31, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for pointing that link out, I have added one each to super8 film and keystone camera company. cmacd 14:52, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

History Section
This needs a history section. I do not know enough to add it myself. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.10.173.234 (talk) 04:25, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

Speaking of history, I'm surprised there's nothing on Edward Hill Armet. I'm tempted to add it, but I'll leave that for the "experts" to decide. He's done quite a bit of work in improving the design in the late 1800s. A lot of his work is attributed to Edison (Armet did sell his some of patents to Edison though.) He was one of the earlier people (if not the first) to incorporate sprocket feed (The Magniscope immproved upon Edisons problematic friction feed Kinescope with this feature) and the addition of the ability to play synchronized sound with a movie (in a later invention.) See various articles: http://www.victorian-cinema.net/amet.htm http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/2003/The-Proliferation-of-Motion-Picture-Companies-and-an-Assessment-of-the-Novelty-Year.html http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/George_K._Spoor Even more can be found by simply googling his name. I only know of him because of local history, but it seems his contributions from the era are significant because of how they were incorporated since. --76.29.124.2 (talk) 17:42, 17 February 2009 (UTC)

History section, 2nd paragraph, this sentence: "On 18 March, Friese-Greene sent a clipping of the story." The meaning escapes me. He sent it where, or was the clipping sent to him, resulting in the next sentence about his public demonstration of 1890?John Sinclair (talk) 21:39, 22 August 2012 (UTC)

Edison
The one sentence on Edison's contribution is about as vague as it could be. There's no year, no technical details. I came to this page hoping to learn the truth about Edison's contribution (and knowing that Edison was often accused of stealing other people's inventions.) The one sentence tells me nothing. —MiguelMunoz (talk) 03:55, 25 October 2011 (UTC)

Need a re-direct page for Motion Picture Camera
I believe that at the very least, there should be a page re-directing the term "motion picture camera". Could someone a bit more savvy please set that up? Also, I think it might be appropriate to create separate articles for "movie cameras" (a term that would get you laughed at in many US film schools) and "video cameras". No doubt many film purists would agree, although I personally wonder if that debate isn't obsolete. Ernest Ruger (talk) 18:28, 4 April 2014 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
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Chronophtograph?
What is the word describing Marey at the end of this sentence? "The chronophotographic gun was invented in 1882 by Étienne-Jules Marey, a french scientist and chronophotograph." I can't find it anywhere in sources for definition. Is it a grammatical error? Supposed to be Chronophtographer? Maineartists (talk) 14:51, 7 October 2021 (UTC)

History should be in chronological order
In the 'History' section, key events should be presented and in chronological order, for example:

In 1845, Francis Ronalds invented a forerunner to the movie camera;

In 1878, Eadweard Muybridge created sequential series of photographs;

In 1882, Étienne-Jules Marey invented the chronophotographic gun;

In 1888, Louis Le Prince produced two movies: ‘Roundhay Garden Scene’ and ‘Leeds Bridge’.

In 1889, Wordsworth Donisthorpe patented a moving picture camera. Etc.

125.235.239.244 (talk) 15:40, 6 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Movie camera


text:
Kevin Hodges

Kevin Hodges (born 12 June 1960) is an English retired football player and manager who played as a midfielder, and now works as assistant manager at Dorchester Town. He spent the majority of his playing career with Plymouth Argyle of the Football League, where he is the club's all-time appearance record holder. He also played for Torquay United and went on to become their manager before returning to Plymouth Argyle as manager. After a period in coaching roles elsewhere, he returned to work for Plymouth Argyle where he is currently responsible for managing the youth team.

Playing career
A winger, Hodges began his career as a schoolboy with local club AFC Bournemouth. He appeared for them in the FA Youth Cup as a 15-year-old before the club scrapped its youth team in 1978 as part of a cost-cutting exercise. He followed one of his former coaches, Bobby Howe, to Plymouth Argyle to sign his first professional contract. He would go on to represent the club with distinction for the next fourteen years, making a total of 620 appearances in all competitions, scoring 87 goals. He is recognised as one of Plymouth Argyle's best wingers of all time.

Hodges is the club's all-time appearance record holder and eighth on the all-time goalscoring record list. He was a member of the Argyle squad which reached the semi-finals of the FA Cup in 1984. His best campaign came in the 1985–86 season under Dave Smith when the club won promotion from the Third Division. Hodges started in all 46 matches and scored 16 goals, an impressive return for a midfielder. In recognition of his performances that year, he won the club's Player of the Year award.

His service to the club was rewarded early on in the 1987–88 season when a testimonial match was played in his honour against the club he supported as a child, West Ham United. Hodges became one of the few players to ever receive a second testimonial match in 1992, against Luton Town, after fifteen years of service to the club. He was loaned to Torquay United in January 1992, with first-team opportunities being limited at Home Park, to help the Gulls in their battle against relegation back to the fourth-tier of English football. Hodges' final game for Plymouth Argyle came in the Second Division on 20 November 1992, as a substitute against Stockport County at Edgeley Park. He was then allowed to rejoin Torquay United on a permanent basis in December 1992, thus ending his fourteen-year association with the Pilgrims. He finished his playing career at Plainmoor, scoring 5 goals in 81 appearances before officially retiring in 1997, to focus on coaching.

Managerial career
Having initially been a player-coach and then youth-team manager at Torquay United, Hodges replaced Eddie May as first-team manager in the summer of 1996. He guided them to the Third Division Play-off Final in 1998, before returning to Home Park that summer to take up the position of Plymouth Argyle manager, replacing Mick Jones. His stint as the club's manager was extremely different from his time as a player. The club were in the bottom division of the Football League, one which it was unaccustomed to, yet rather than bounce back up the club achieved mediocre league positions of thirteenth in 1999 and twelfth in 2000. The beginning of the 2000–01 season saw Hodges having to work with a tight budget and a team that needed rebuilding. After losing six of their first ten league games that season, Hodges' reign was brought to an end, and he was replaced by Paul Sturrock.

Following his dismissal, Hodges spent some time scouting for Wolverhampton Wanderers before being appointed as a Football Development Officer for the Somerset FA, a role which he continued to honour after being appointed as manager of Clevedon Town in September 2004. He left in October 2005, with the club top of the Southern League Western Division, to become an assistant manager to Steven Thompson at Football League One club Yeovil Town. He remained at Huish Park until the appointment of Russell Slade as the club's manager, and then joined Bristol Rovers in October 2006 as the club's youth-team manager. Hodges spell with them lasted until June 2008 when he was released from his contract. The decision was made after the club decided to withdraw its youth team from the Football Combination. Hodges returned to Plymouth Argyle again in October 2008 to work as a part-time coach for the club's Football in the Community Trust project. In September 2010, he assumed responsibility for coaching Argyle's under 18's.

He left his role as Plymouth Argyle's academy director in November 2019.

title: Kevin Hodges


text:
User talk:Leonybaldemor

i love yor wikepedia website

title: User talk:Leonybaldemor


text:
Uppark

Uppark is a 17th-century house in South Harting, West Sussex, England. It is a Grade I listed building and a National Trust property.

History
The house, set high on the South Downs, was built for Ford Grey (1655—1701), the first Earl of Tankerville, circa 1690; the architect is believed to have been William Talman. The estate was sold in 1747 to Sir Matthew Fetherstonhaugh, (pronounced ' Fanshaw '), and his wife Sarah. Matthew and Sarah redecorated the house extensively from 1750 to 1760 and introduced most of the existing collection of household items displayed today, much of it collected on their Grand Tour of 1749 to 1751.

Their only son, Sir Harry Fetherstonhaugh, added to the collection and commissioned Humphry Repton to add a new pillared portico, dairy and landscaped garden. In the 19th century stables and kitchens were added as separate buildings, connected to the main building by tunnels. Sir Harry married, at the age of 71, the estate's dairymaid, 21-year-old Mary Ann Bullock, to whom he left Uppark on his death in 1846. She in turn, after considerably upgrading the property, left it to her sister Frances on her own death in 1874. Frances Bullock, under her adopted name of Miss Fetherstonhaugh, was determined to fulfill the trust her sister had passed on. She chose her two friends, Colonel Keith Turnour and Admiral Herbert Meade, to be her heirs in succession. Both were selected as second sons who could, therefore, adopt her name, which both went on to do. Admiral Meade's wife, Margaret, became the next mistress of Uppark in 1931. She continued caring for the house and contents as the Bullock sisters had done. After World War II, Admiral Meade-Fetherstonhaugh and his son, Richard, entered into negotiations with the National Trust, the outcome being that Uppark passed to the Trust in 1954. The house is open to the public, except for private apartments leased from the Trust that are still used as a home.

Influence on H. G. Wells
The 20 year-old H. G. Wells spent the winter of 1887/88 convalescing at Uppark, where his mother, Sarah, was housekeeper between 1880 and 1893. She had previously been employed there between 1850 and 1855, as housemaid to Lady Fetherstonhaugh's sister, and Wells had paid many visits to her during his boyhood. Wells' father Joseph, a gardener, was employed at Uppark in 1851 and he and Sarah married in 1853.

The house and the social hierarchy it embodied had an important effect on Wells' outlook. The deep class divisions he observed there helped to inspire many of his meritocratic, liberal and socialist views. This development was further encouraged by his discovery, in Uppark's large library, of works by philosophers and radicals such as Plato, Voltaire and Thomas Paine. These impressions were reflected in his later work: for example, the contrast between the sunny and carefree world of the Eloi and the dark caves of the Morlocks in The Time Machine is commonly regarded to have been inspired by the inequalities Wells observed at Uppark. Also significant was Wells' discovery of a telescope in the house's attic, which gave the future author of The War of the Worlds his first opportunity to examine the night sky in detail.

Fire
On 30 August 1989 the building was devastated by a fire caused by a workman's blowtorch whilst repairing lead flashing on the roof, just two days before the work was due to be completed. The fire broke out during opening hours. Many works of art and pieces of furniture were carried out of the burning building by members of the Meade-Fetherstonehaugh family, National Trust staff and members of the public. Although the garret and first floors collapsed onto the lower floors and the garret and first-floor contents were lost completely, the floors largely fell clear of the ground-floor walls and much of the panelling and decoration survived.

Much of the contents of the ground floor were crushed but not burned; metalwork was able to be straightened and cleaned, crystal chandeliers were able to be reassembled, and even the elaborate tassels on the chandelier ropes were able to be conserved. The decision to restore the house came after it was determined that restoration would be a cheaper insurance settlement than complete payout for a total loss.

Most of the pictures and furniture in the house were saved. The building has since been completely restored with many lost crafts relearned in the restoration process, and it reopened its doors in 1995. Some "critical markers" remain where visitors can still see the history of the fire, for example many of the floorboards on the principal ground floor retain burn marks.

Public access
The house is open to the public most days of the year other than Christmas.

title: Uppark


text:
Talk:Malév Hungarian Airlines

Cleaned up article
It seems multiple authors wrote the article without paying attention to each other's edits. The result was some confused sections with information not given in the correct order. I made several changes to correct this, including moving paragraphs around for clarity, re-writing some sentences, etc. There is still lots of room for improvement. For example, the sections "2007-2012: In private hands" and "Ownership" should be combined somehow. But more importantly, the article needs more detail about the day-to-day life of the company, like uniforms worn by personnel, noteworthy flights or events, etc. (as opposed to dry facts about shareholders). I'm sure Malev was a very important institution in Hungarian life, and this is not reflected at all in the article.

By the way, I made the edits before remembering to sign in, in case anyone is confused by the ip address.

Nojamus (talk) 00:48, 19 May 2012 (UTC)

Aircraft and history
I have added some information to the section on the history, as well as the present. I also added the section on the MALÉV fleet (current and former). If anyone knows of any other planes that MALÉV flew, please add them to the list. --Hungarian83 16:49, 2005 Apr 11 (UTC)

Charter
We should make a list of Charter flights the airline operates. The list should be a part of the "Destination list". Dagadt

Shutdown
Airline pages: Oneworld:
 * English: http://www.malev.com/index_en.htm
 * http://malev.com/press_release_20120203.htm -> http://www.webcitation.org/65ApfU7j7
 * http://www.webcitation.org/65BWpWih7
 * http://www.webcitation.org/65HOod6x5
 * http://www.webcitation.org/65NoVEt2l
 * http://www.webcitation.org/65VOsazyF - Closure of company announced
 * http://www.webcitation.org/65bM0y5wH
 * http://www.webcitation.org/65cnNDtCt
 * http://www.webcitation.org/65ir6rUgm - "MALÉV Zrt. f.a." = "Malév Ltd. under liquidation"
 * http://www.webcitation.org/65pUiS6gy
 * http://www.webcitation.org/65uJ9TOmr
 * http://www.webcitation.org/663ISVDrv
 * http://www.webcitation.org/66StVetDp
 * http://www.webcitation.org/66hNOQojE
 * http://www.webcitation.org/67G5IkUd5
 * Hungarian: http://malev.com/
 * http://www.webcitation.org/65ApdHP40
 * http://www.webcitation.org/65AyKNpJJ
 * http://www.webcitation.org/65BWmiVUv
 * http://www.webcitation.org/65HOjjs71
 * http://www.webcitation.org/65NoSZDRG
 * http://www.webcitation.org/65VOyQUk3 - Closure of company announced
 * http://www.webcitation.org/65bM3c8OG
 * http://www.webcitation.org/65cnPVGh0
 * http://www.webcitation.org/65irBQukc
 * http://www.webcitation.org/65pUlLaxK
 * http://www.webcitation.org/65uJL7rJJ
 * http://www.webcitation.org/663IV3GYW
 * http://www.webcitation.org/66StTbvZG
 * http://www.webcitation.org/66hNSFGf5
 * http://www.webcitation.org/67G5Ge9Qu
 * English only: http://www.oneworld.com/find-out-about-oneworld/#malev-info - http://www.webcitation.org/65Cpm8ee0
 * English only: http://www.oneworld.com/news-information/oneworldnews/details/?objectID=28303 - http://www.webcitation.org/65BCMsHQ7

Wizz Air:
 * English: http://wizzair.com/malev/?language=EN - http://www.webcitation.org/65AyM7sVP
 * Pages in other languages that use English press release include Bulgarian, Czech, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Spanish, Swedish, and Ukranian
 * Hungarian: http://wizzair.com/malev/?language=HU - http://www.webcitation.org/65AyNkbgS

Ryanair:
 * English: http://www.ryanair.com/en/news/ryanair-to-open-budapest-base-in-two-weeks-with-31-new-routes - To announce rescue plan
 * Hungarian: http://www.ryanair.com/hu/news/ryanair-2-heten-belul-megnyitja-budapest-bazisat-31-uj-utvonallal

Easyjet:
 * English:
 * http://www.easyjet.com/en/book/malev_rescue_package.html - http://www.webcitation.org/65B1V0YOK
 * http://easyjet.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/3970 - http://www.webcitation.org/65B1l9RBE
 * Hungarian: http://www.easyjet.com/hu/jarat/segitseget_nyujt_az_easyjet_a_malev_utasainak.html - http://www.webcitation.org/65B1b19iN
 * French: http://www.easyjet.com/fr/reserver/malev_frais_de_rescousse.html - http://www.webcitation.org/65B1s5ja0
 * German: http://www.easyjet.com/DE/Flugbuchung/malev_rettungsangebot.html - http://www.webcitation.org/65B1oddNX

Air France:
 * English: http://www.airfrance.hu/HU/en/local/resainfovol/services/rebooking_policy_malev.htm - http://www.webcitation.org/65HPkaTjy
 * Hungarian: http://www.airfrance.hu/HU/hu/local/resainfovol/services/atfoglalasi_lehetoseg.htm - http://www.webcitation.org/65HPbWnvf

Air Berlin:
 * English: http://www.airberlin.com/site/pressreleases_dr.php?LANG=eng&ID=4168 - http://www.webcitation.org/65HQC05Ou
 * Hungarian: http://www.airberlin.com/site/pressreleases_dr.php?LANG=ung&ID=4169&et_cid=128&et_lid=183&et_sub=HU_lo_budapest - http://www.webcitation.org/65HQ4XC7s
 * German: http://www.airberlin.com/site/pressreleases_dr.php?LANG=deu&ID=4166 - http://www.webcitation.org/65HQIOBKM

Lufthansa:
 * English only: http://www.lufthansa.com/online/portal/lh/hu/nonav/local?nodeid=3576393&l=en&cid=1000263&blt_p=HU&blt_l=en&blt_t=Homepage&blt_e=Homepage%20-%20Hero&blt_n=Travel%20Information&blt_z=Check%20up-to-date%20information%20here! - http://www.webcitation.org/65HP2zy4A

Brussels Airlines:
 * English: 1, 2, and 3 - Archive 1, Archive 2, and Archive 3
 * Dutch: http://www.brusselsairlines.com/nl_be/feeds/alertpopup.Aspx - http://www.webcitation.org/65HzrpxgX
 * French: http://www.brusselsairlines.com/fr_be/feeds/alertpopup.Aspx - http://www.webcitation.org/65HzuNwj8

Norwegian:
 * Norwegian/English: http://www.norwegian.no/viktig - http://www.webcitation.org/65pdlUaKE

Qantas:
 * English only: http://www.qantas.com.au/travel/airlines/disruptions/global/en -

Alitalia:
 * English only: http://www.alitalia.com/en_en/hungary/index.aspx - http://www.webcitation.org/65HyeW9TI

Hainan Airlines:
 * English: http://global.hnair.com/NewsShow.php?id=7&xmlurl=../dynamic/us/us/newsdate.xml
 * Chinese: http://www.hnair.com/hhgg/201202/t20120203_4469.html - Archive
 * Alt: http://global.hnair.com/NewsShow.php?id=9&xmlurl=../dynamic/cn/cn/newsdate.xml

Budapest Airport pages:
 * English: http://www.bud.hu/english - http://www.webcitation.org/65ArVoSEe
 * http://www.bud.hu/english/budapest-airport/media/news/press-release-of-malev-zrt.-8954.html - http://www.webcitation.org/65KznzPIk
 * Hungarian: http://www.bud.hu/ - http://www.webcitation.org/65ArZGsz9
 * The message hasn't been posted in the German airport page yet http://www.bud.hu/deutsch

Brussels Airport pages: WhisperToMe (talk) 10:14, 3 February 2012 (UTC)
 * English: http://www.brusselsairport.be/en/alarm/21302/ - http://www.webcitation.org/65AvZcU53
 * French: http://www.brusselsairport.be/fr/alarm/21302/ - http://www.webcitation.org/65AveomkY
 * Dutch: http://www.brusselsairport.be/nl/alarm/21302/ - http://www.webcitation.org/65Avd2C5M

Hungarian government:
 * English: http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/IL/en/en_Hirek/Malev+ceases+operation.htm?printable=true - http://www.webcitation.org/65VOnXpIa

Farewell notice from Malev employees: WhisperToMe (talk) 17:22, 12 February 2012 (UTC)
 * http://www.szeretlekmagyarorszag.hu/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/reklam.jpg

Claim submission: WhisperToMe (talk) 05:47, 10 March 2012 (UTC)
 * (Hung/Eng): Intro: http://igeny.malev.com/ - http://www.webcitation.org/663JC0Bhx
 * Eng:
 * http://igeny.malev.com/request/new - http://www.webcitation.org/663JFJnwY
 * Hung:
 * http://igeny.malev.com/request/new - http://www.webcitation.org/663JLJuTo

News stories about Malev shutdown

 * "Csomagol a Malév a Lurdy Házban?" Ingatlanmenedzser. 3 February 2012.
 * Google translate of byline: "Sooner or later, the offices also have to leave the Malév employees because of the shutdown. There are cheap solutions."

WhisperToMe (talk) 12:00, 3 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Király, András. "Még összeomlani se tudnak." Index. 3 February 2012.
 * "Percről percre a Malév agóniájáról." HVG (HVG.HU).
 * "Malév - A moratórium a helyzet rendezéséig vagy a felszámolásig tart." Dunaújvárosi Hírlap. 2 February 2012.

Old documents
It seems like way back when, Malev's domain was at http://www.elender.hu/~malevweb/malev/ WhisperToMe (talk) 16:29, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 1995 annual report (EN): http://web.archive.org/web/19980613212357/http://www.malev.hu/aboutmalev/artoc.htm
 * 1997 annual report (EN): http://web.archive.org/web/19991105045308/http://www.malev.hu/ew/angol/nj_ceginfo/eves.html
 * 1998 annual report (EN): http://web.archive.org/web/20000623180226/http://www.malev.hu/ew/angol/nj_ceginfo/eves.html - However the PDF links don't work!
 * 1998 annual report (HU): http://web.archive.org/web/20000604213645/http://www.malev.hu/ew/nj_ceginfo/eves.html - However the PDF links don't work!
 * 2000 annual report (EN/HU): http://web.archive.org/web/20051105085244/http://www.malev.hu/up/annual/malev_annual_report_2000.pdf
 * 2001 annual report (EN/HU): http://web.archive.org/web/20060215092334/http://www.malev.hu/up/annual/malev_annual_report_2001.pdf
 * 2002 annual report:
 * (EN) http://web.archive.org/web/20060524235041/http://www.malev.hu/up/annual/malev_annual_report_2002_en.pdf
 * (HU) http://web.archive.org/web/20060215092319/http://www.malev.hu/up/annual/malev_annual_report_2002.pdf
 * Ownership structure changed in 1993: http://web.archive.org/web/19980613225308/http://www.malev.hu/aboutmalev/arownstruct.htm
 * Ending flights to Yekeratinburg: http://web.archive.org/web/20041012212817/http://www.malev.hu/BP/ENG/I_NEWS_ENG/2004-0915-1119-46UHWI.asp
 * Continuing charter flights to Bangkok: http://web.archive.org/web/20050204104056/http://www.malev.hu/BP/ENG/I_NEWS_ENG/2005-0107-1444-52DUWU.asp
 * Last classic B737 leaves: http://web.archive.org/web/20050204103227/http://www.malev.hu/BP/ENG/I_NEWS_ENG/2005-0103-1642-09NWYP.asp
 * B767 began service in 1993: http://web.archive.org/web/20020812183451/http://www.malev.hu/english/company/inner31f.asp

Old German site: http://web.archive.org/web/20000510044039/http://www.malev.de/ WhisperToMe (talk) 17:56, 4 February 2012 (UTC)

Year Malev moved to Lurdy House
I'm trying to find out when Malev moved to Lurdy House and/or if it made press statements about it. WhisperToMe (talk) 16:38, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 2001: Still at Roosevelt ter 2: http://web.archive.org/web/20010714165659/http://www.malev.hu/aboutmalev/rephazai.htm

More articles
WhisperToMe (talk) 23:36, 5 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Hungary’s Malév Grounds All Flights After 66 Years. Frequent Business Traveler.
 * "After Malev's grounding, Hungary could become large LCC market with Wizz Air and Ryanair moving in." CAPA.
 * Simon, Zoltan and Edith Balazs. "Hungary’s Chance of Replacing Malev Wanes, Budapest Airport Says." BusinessWeek. 6 February 2012.
 * "Egymás vállán sírtak – fotókon a Malévért tartott felvonulás." MTV Híradó / MTI. 11 February 2012.

Government decree
http://www.webcitation.org/65I2vkvM9 This contains Government Decree 5/2012. (I.31) (download available in edition 11 of Magyar Közlöny – 31 January 2012 - relevant to the closure WhisperToMe (talk) 04:03, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
 * http://www.magyarkozlony.hu/pdf/11826

External links modified
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Proposing to remove "This article needs additional citations" ✅
This template message was put up in 2010 and I notice that a lot of citations were added in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Most of the paragraphs now have at least one citation. The article actually compares well against a lot of pages on wikipedia. So, I propose removing the template message if no objections Malevan (talk) 20:16, 3 November 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Malév Hungarian Airlines


text:
Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. v. Mottley

Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company v. Mottley, 211 U.S. 149 (1908), was a United States Supreme Court decision that held that under the existing statutory scheme, federal question jurisdiction could not be predicated on a plaintiff's anticipation that the defendant would raise a federal statute as a defense. Instead, such jurisdiction can only arise from a complaint by the plaintiff that the defendant has directly violated some provision of the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States. This reading of the federal question jurisdiction statute is now known as the well-pleaded complaint rule.

Facts
The Mottleys, Erasmus and Annie, were a husband and wife who had been injured in a train wreck on September 7, 1871, in Jefferson County, Kentucky. In exchange for releasing the railroad from liability, they were compensated with free passes from the Louisville and Nashville Railroad company, which were to be renewed annually. Several decades later, in the Hepburn Act (1906), the U.S. Congress banned certain types of free passes starting from January 1, 1907, in order to prevent them from being used to bribe government officials, and the railroad refused to renew the Mottleys' passes in 1907. The Mottleys sued for specific performance of the rail passes in federal court. They argued that either the federal statute did not apply because they had been issued the passes decades before the law went into effect, or if the law did apply, that it was unconstitutional because it deprived them of their property (the passes). The lower federal courts decided in favor of the Mottleys, and the railroad appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.

Issue
The Supreme Court, sua sponte, questioned the existence of subject matter jurisdiction, transforming the issue into whether this was a case that could have been brought in federal court in the first place.

Opinion of the Court
The Supreme Court, in an opinion by Justice Moody, dismissed the case for lack of jurisdiction. There was no diversity of citizenship, and no grounds for federal question jurisdiction where the Mottleys only sought to have their contracts enforced. They anticipated that federal questions might be raised in defense against their suit, concerning the Hepburn Act, but that was insufficient to satisfy the federal question requirement. The only way a party can get federal question jurisdiction is if the federal question arises in the plaintiff's well-pleaded complaint.

It is important to note that this holding was an interpretation of jurisdictional statutes rather than of the Constitution's Article III. That is, "arising under" for Article III purposes is broader than the well-pleaded complaint rule. It is well-established that Congress may grant lower federal courts less than the totality of Article III's possible federal question jurisdiction; for example, before 1980, federal question jurisdiction had an amount in controversy requirement, similar to the requirement that still exists in diversity cases. By analogy, jurisdiction premised on diversity of citizenship in Article III is broader than the modern "total diversity" requirement under the jurisdictional statute, 28 U.S.C. § 1332. For example, the Class Action Fairness Act allows federal jurisdiction based on diversity of citizenship without total diversity; this is based on Article III's broader sweep.

Later developments
Following the dismissal of their case, the Mottleys brought a similar action in Kentucky state court. The state court held for them, and ordered the railroad to issue the passes. The railroad appealed to the Court of Appeals of Kentucky, Kentucky's highest court at the time, and lost. The railroad appealed again to the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled in favor of the railroad, thereby handing the Mottleys yet another legal defeat.


text:
Talk:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls

Old comments
a mass is not a service... i fixed that mistake.

roger - a mass is not a service. i fixed that mistake.

name
The complete name of the church is Basilica di San Paolo Fuori le Mura and thus should be moved from "Saint Paul outside the walls" to the more proper "Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls." --Gerald Farinas 16:49, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree. Please move it, if there are no objections. --Panairjdde 10:19, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Since there are no objections, I'm moving this page to Basilica di San Paolo fuori le Mura. :: Salvo (talk) 02:39, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

I do oppose the move. English language media appear to use the English name "Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls" much more than the Italian name. We should stay with the most common name in English, per policy. Jonathunder 15:17, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

Someone should finally work up a naming convention for Italian churches, IMO. — Nightst a  llion  (?) 09:48, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

Someone should finally work up a naming convention for titles of pages on English Wiki. Keep it in English, and reword the introductory sentence. "San Paulo fuori le Mura - known in English as" uh, the Italian should, if anything, be the sidenote. The Jackal God 23:32, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

 * It absolutely should be moved. Or Santa Maria Maggiore and San Lorenzo and who knows which others should be moved back.  It makes no sense to not have a convention and stick to it.  Personally, i would be in favour of going with the Italian names; but if that's not agreeable to all, then English; but let's stick to one language.  Cheers, Lindsay 17:15, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

In an English-language encyclopedia, one uses English unless the foreign word (e.g. Notre Dame cathedral, Paris) is well-established. It's not idiomatic in English to begin with "Basilica of". The commonest expression is "St Paul's Outside the Walls" just as other idiomatic forms are "St Peter's Basilica" or "St Peter's, Rome", "St John Lateran" and "St Mary Majors".

spelling and grammar
It needs a clean up. Can it be marked with a suitable banner?

Italian government
Great article, overall. But I have one quibble. The article says: So far as I'm aware, there was no "Italian government" in 1823 or even 1840. The unification of Italy didn't occur until decades later. Does anyone know the source for this apparent error?  Will Beback   talk    07:24, 15 June 2009 (UTC)
 * On July 15, 1823 a fire...resulted in the almost total destruction of the basilica.... The work on the principal facade, looking toward the Tiber, was completed by the Italian Government, which declared the church a national monument. The basilica was reopened in 1840...

Ah, I found it. The material is a direct copy from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia: I'm mystified that a 1913 book would be so inaccurate about the Italian history of the previous century. And I'm disappointed that this was copied without attribution, which is plagiarism even if the book is out of copyright.  Will Beback   talk    07:32, 15 June 2009 (UTC)
 *  The work on the principal facade, looking toward the Tiber, was completed by the Italian Government, which declared the church a national monument.

 * That doesn't mean the CathEnc is wrong. It can also be that, well: the work on the principal facade, looking toward the Tiber, was indeed completed by the Italian goverment, and that the Italian government did indeed declare the Church a national monument. Even though it was reopened much before in 1840. Just that the sentences come after each other doesn't mean the events did, if that isn't said. After all, over the Meditarranean in Barcelona there is a church which has been opened already even though there is quite a bit of work on the facades to be finished.--2001:A61:20A8:CF01:A412:CC9F:A43E:74B7 (talk) 23:17, 4 September 2017 (UTC)

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Requested move 3 July 2019

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved (non-admin closure) ~SS49~   {talk}  15:05, 10 July 2019 (UTC)

Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls → Basilica of Saint Paul outside the walls – WP:NATURALDISAMBIGUATION per plain English grammar, in equivalence with how rendered in all other languages. PPEMES (talk) 18:15, 3 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Maybe this is just me, but I fail to see an explanation of why this should be moved. English naming conventions are clear that all significant words besides short grammatical articles should be capitalized (usually less than four letters); this is not the case in many other languages. "Outside" is not a short article. Absent further explanation, I oppose.  Ergo Sum  20:00, 3 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Because this is a specific place, it is a proper noun and should be capitalized the original way. Therefore, my vote is oppose. --Comment by  Selfie City  ( talk about my  contributions ) 03:31, 4 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Oppose. This is English, not other languages. We capitalise proper names. -- Necrothesp (talk) 14:20, 4 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Oppose as per the above. Based on recent track record, the nom seems to have a problem with the concept of proper names.Ingratis (talk) 00:04, 5 July 2019 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 02:42, 18 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Ciborio S. Paolo fuori le mura.jpg
 * Colonnade and sky of Saint Paul (Rome).JPG

Potential Conflict of Interest
@Jeanne Gravelle writes exclusively about sculptor Timothy Schmalz and seems to be doing a little bit of advertising for him. -- Melchior2006 (talk) 19:07, 15 February 2024 (UTC)


text:
Gurdwara Sri Tarn Taran Sahib

Gurdwara Sri Tarn Taran Sahib, officially Gurdwara Sri Darbar Sahib, is a gurdwara established by the fifth guru, Guru Arjan Dev, in the city of Tarn Taran Sahib, Punjab, India. The site has the distinction of having the largest sarovar (water pond) of all the gurdwaras. It is famous for the monthly gathering of pilgrims on the day of Amavas (a no-moon night). It is near Harmandir Sahib, Amritsar.

Sikh Gurus Period 1469–1708
Guru Arjan Dev Ji, the Fifth Sikh Guru, bought the land around Tarn Taran for 157,000 mohar. Jatt Chaudhri (Chief) of Thathi Khara Village Amrik Dhillon did prayer before the asked guru sahib to stay at Thathi Khara while the Kaar Seva was ongoing, in the year Sambat 1647 (1590) in the Land of Majha Region the traditional home of the Sikh Faith. At that time, the digging of the lake tank started. When the tank was completed, it was the biggest and largest sarovar lake in the whole of Panjab. The foundation stone of Darbar Sahib was laid by Dhan Dhan Baba Buddha Ji, a famous Sikh saint (1506–1631). During the time of Guru Arjan Dev Jee a vast number of Sakhi Sarwar (Sultanis) followers became Sikhs mainly the Jatt Zamindars and Chaudhries of this area including Chaudhri Langah Dhillon of Chabal Kalan who held chaudhriyat of 84 villages. The Sixth Sikh Guru, Guru Hargobind Sahib, came to the gurdwara and stayed for some time where Gurdwara Manji Sahib is built. Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Sikh Guru, also visited Tarn Taran Sahib via Baba Bakala Sahib, Sathiala, Wazir Bhullar, Goindwal Sahib and Khadur Sahib and preached to the Sikh sangat (congregations).

18th Century and Sikh Misl period (1748–1801)
Baba Bota Singh Sandhu of Padhana and Baba Garja Singh Jee would stay at Tarn Taran during day time. Both Singh warriors attained martyrdom in 1739 against a Mughal force sent against them at Sarai Nurdin near Tarn Taran Sahib.

Shaheed Baba Deep Singh (1682–1757) made a mark on the ground at Tarn Taran Sahib, and he asked the Sikhs if they were ready to die fighting against the enemies before entering into war against the Afghan invaders in 1757.

Tarn Taran Sahib was part of the Bhangi Misl one of the many Sikh Confederacies, which ruled over a greater part of Majha Region from being active in the 1750s to de facto power in the 1760s to 1802.

In 1768 Sardar Budh Singh Virk of Singhpuria Misl who was a descendant of Jatt Chaudhri Duleep Singh Virk and a relative of Nawab Kapur Singh Virk (1697–1753) the great heroic Sikh warrior and leader of the Sikhs in their fight against Mughal tyranny. Maharaja Jassa Singh Ramgarhia (1723–1803) of Ramgarhia Misl joined hands to rebuild the Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran. Which then was in a shape of a traditional mud building.

Sher-e-Panjab period 1799–1849
Later Maharaja Ranjit Singh Sher-e-Panjab (1799–1839), who visited Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran from 1802 to 1837, reconstructed the present Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran in 1836–1837 and also completed the work of the Parikarma which had been left unfinished by the two Sardars Singhpuria Misl and Ramgarhia Misl. Sher-e-Panjab gold-plated the Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran, as he did with the Harmandir Sahib at Amritsar and Kashi Vishwanath Temple in Varanasi. Artisans were called in by the Maharaja of Panjab Kingdom to decorate the inside of Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran.

Sher-e-Panjab built many massive gate entrances in Tarn Taran in which elephants could easily go through. When Maharaja Nau Nihal Singh (1821–1840) the grandson of Sher-e-Panjab, came to Tarn Taran, he built a minar (tower) at the end of the sarovar (lake or pool). Only one was completed, which can be seen while walking to Darbar Sahib. Three others were planned on each end of the sarovar, but were not constructed due to the death of Maharaja Nau Nihal Singh. Additionally, both the First (1845–1846) and Second Anglo-Sikh Wars (1848–1849) against the British prevented further progress.

British Period 1849–1947
In 1877, Bhai Harsa Singh, a granthi of Darbar Sahib, Tarn Taran, was the first teacher, of the Singh Sabha movement, which came into existence in 1873, to bring reformation among Sikh masses and certain practices that had entered Sikhs and restore it to its former glory. To remove Hindu Rituals which had entered Sikh way of life since Maharaja Ranjit Singh time, such as pilgrimage to Haridwar and Bedian de phere (Hindu ceremonial wedding according to Vedas). Although some practices related to Hindu culture still continued well into the early 20th century.

In 1883, Raja Raghubir Singh Sidhu (1832–1887), the Sikh Raja of Jind Princely State, had a channel dug, from the sarovar, to bring in new water, to keep the tank beautified. The channel was later paved by Sant Gurmukh Singh (1849–1947), of Patiala from 1927 to 1928. During 1923–28, the Sarovar at Tarn Taran was desilted and lined.

Sardar Arur Singh Shergill (1865–1926), who was descended from the lineage of Chaudhri Sarvani Shergill who had held chaudhriyat of hundreds of villages north of Amritsar during the 1600s and Chaudhri Chuhar Singh of Nashera Nangal near Amritsar, his son Sardar Mirza Singh Shergill who had joined the Kanhaiya Misl in 1752. Arur Singh was made the manager of Tarn Taran Sahib Gurdwara from 1907 to 1920, by the British, to keep the Sikh shrine out of direct Sikh Control. In 1905 an earthquake damaged the Lotus Dome of Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran, but soon after it was rebuilt. The Sikhs of Punjab fought and sacrificed to gain independence from the British rulers. In 1921 greedy priests divided the income of the Gurdwara among themselves. It was in 1921 that the Sikhs decided to free Tarn Taran Sahib. Seventeen Sikhs got injured at Tarn Taran. Two Sikhs attained martyrdom – Sardar Hazara Singh of Village Aladinpur District Amritsar and Sardar Hukam Singh of Village Wasoo Kot District Gurdaspur.

They were the first martyrs of the Gurdwara reform movement. On arrival of more squads on 26 January, the priests handed over the management of the Gurdwara to the Prabhandak Committee. This martyrdom was known as Saka Tarn Taran.

After independence period 1947–present
Since the partition of 1947, more work (kar Seva) has been done on Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran. The first work was in 1970, when the Old Bungas Towers of Sikh chieftains were demolished to construct a big complex. In all four corners of Darbar Sahib, the Holy Tank (Sarovar) was cleaned by Sikhs. In the early 1980s, a big hall was built to replace many Old Sikh period buildings. In 2005 the whole of Darbar Sahib was renovated. It was plated in new gold, and inside the Darbar Sahib new work was done. New marble was inlaid; a big complex was built; and more buildings were added around the complex.

Partial destruction of the Darshani Deori gateway
An incident involving a haphazard and destructive renovation under the guise of "kar seva" led to the top section of the historical Darshani Deori (gateway) at the Gurdwara Tarn Taran Sahib complex to be destroyed in March 2019. This sparked criticism of the lack of care for preserving the historical structure from Sikh organizations. The Kar Seva leader responsible for the demolish, Jagtar Singh, was evicted from the premises as a result from the outcry of Sikhs at the destruction of their heritage.

title: Gurdwara Sri Tarn Taran Sahib


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USS Isonomia

USS Isonomia was a gunboat in the United States Navy during the American Civil War.

Originally built as a passenger steamboat intended for merchant service under the name Shamrock, the vessel was purchased at New York from Charles S. Leary on 16 July 1864. She was commissioned at New York Navy Yard on 16 August 1864.

Service history
Isonomia sailed for Beaufort, North Carolina on 19 August and arrived there 23 August to join the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron. She served off New Inlet, North Carolina, until ordered to Key West on 18 September with special instructions to cruise in the vicinity of Nassau and the Bahama Banks. At Key West she was found unready for sea service and stationed at West Pass, Florida, where she operated until 15 November when she returned to Key West to prepare for cruising in Bahama waters. At the end of January 1865 Isonomia was returned to coastal blockade duty off western Florida and continued this duty until the end of the war. She captured the British bark George Douthwaite which attempted to slip into the Warrior River with a cargo of sugar, rum, wool, ginger, and mahogany from Jamaica.

Towing USS Somerset (1862), she sailed for New York on 9 June 1865 where she was decommissioned 28 June 1865 and was sold at public auction to Tabor & Co. on 12 July 1865. Subsequently, she became the merchant steamer City of Providence, and was later sold to foreign interests in 1867.

As of 2007, no other ship of the US Navy has been named Isonomia.

title: USS Isonomia


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title: User:Armandae