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Polymyositis

Polymyositis (PM) is a type of chronic inflammation of the muscles (inflammatory myopathy) related to dermatomyositis and inclusion body myositis. Its name means 'inflammation of many muscles' (poly- + myos- + -itis). The inflammation of polymyositis is mainly found in the endomysial layer of skeletal muscle, whereas dermatomyositis is characterized primarily by inflammation of the perimysial layer of skeletal muscles.

Signs and symptoms
The hallmark of polymyositis is weakness and/or loss of muscle mass in the proximal musculature, as well as flexion of the neck and torso. These symptoms can be associated with marked pain in these areas as well. The hip extensors are often severely affected, leading to particular difficulty in climbing stairs and rising from a seated position. The skin involvement of dermatomyositis is absent in polymyositis. Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) or other problems with esophageal motility occur in as many as 1/3 of patients. Low grade fever and enlarged lymph nodes may be present. Foot drop in one or both feet can be a symptom of advanced polymyositis and inclusion body myositis. The systemic involvement of polymyositis includes interstitial lung disease (ILD) and heart disease, such as heart failure and conduction abnormalities.

Polymyositis tends to become evident in adulthood, presenting with bilateral proximal muscle weakness often noted in the upper legs due to early fatigue while walking. Sometimes the weakness presents itself as an inability to rise from a seated position without help or an inability to raise one's arms above one's head. The weakness is generally progressive, accompanied by lymphocytic inflammation (mainly cytotoxic T cells).

Associated illnesses
Polymyositis and the associated inflammatory myopathies have an associated increased risk of cancer. The features they found associated with an increased risk of cancer were older age, age greater than 45, male sex, difficulty swallowing, death of skin cells, cutaneous vasculitis, rapid onset of myositis (<4 weeks), elevated creatine kinase, higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate and higher C-reactive protein levels. Several factors were associated with lower-than-average risk, including the presence of interstitial lung disease, joint inflammation/joint pain, Raynaud's syndrome, or anti-Jo-1 antibody. The malignancies that are associated are nasopharyngeal cancer, lung cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and bladder cancer, amongst others.

Cardiac involvement manifests itself typically as heart failure and is present in up to 77% of patients. Interstitial lung disease is found in up to 65% of patients with polymyositis, as defined by HRCT or restrictive ventilatory defects compatible with interstitial lung disease.

Causes
Polymyositis is an inflammatory myopathy mediated by cytotoxic T cells with an as yet unknown autoantigen, while dermatomyositis is a humorally mediated angiopathy resulting in myositis and a typical dermatitis.

The cause of polymyositis is unknown and may involve viruses and autoimmune factors. Cancer may trigger polymyositis and dermatomyositis, possibly through an immune reaction against cancer that also attacks a component of muscles. There is tentative evidence of an association with celiac disease.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis is fourfold: History and physical examination, elevation of creatine kinase, electromyograph (EMG) alteration, and a positive muscle biopsy.

The hallmark clinical feature of polymyositis is proximal muscle weakness, with less important findings being muscle pain and dysphagia. Cardiac and pulmonary findings will be present in approximately 25% of cases of patients with polymyositis.

Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is often misdiagnosed as polymyositis or dermatomyositis but it can be differentiated as myositis that does not respond to treatment is likely IBM. sIBM comes on over months to years; polymyositis comes on over weeks to months. Polymyositis tends to respond well to treatment, at least initially; IBM does not.

Treatment
The first line treatment for polymyositis is corticosteroids. Specialized exercise therapy may supplement treatment to enhance quality of life.

Epidemiology
Polymyositis affects females at greater frequency than males.

Polymyositis as a distinct diagnosis
The discovery of several myositis-specific autoantibodies during the past decades has enabled the description of other discrete subsets of diagnosis, specifically the discovery of Antisynthetase syndrome in reducing the number of diagnoses of polymyositis.

Notable cases

 * Dan Christensen, painter of abstract art. Died due to heart failure caused by polymyositis.
 * Robert Erickson, American composer and teacher who was a leading modernist exponent of "12-tone" composition. Died from the effects of polymyositis.
 * Ana Estrada, the first person in Peru to die by euthanasia on 21 April 2024, at the age of 47.
 * David Lean, film director.
 * Eric Samuelsen, playwright.
 * Victor Manuel Resendiz Ruiz, wrestler.
 * Cardinal John Wright
 * Rosita Velazquez, Puerto Rican actress and singer.

title: Polymyositis


text:
Central Industrial Region

Central Industrial Region may refer to:

 * Central Industrial Region (Poland)
 * Central Industrial Oblast, Russia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Central Industrial Region


text:
User:Snowboarder

Jason aka Snowboarder
Name: Jason Age: 21

I was born in Soldotna, Alaska on August 27, 1983..

title: User:Snowboarder


text:
Empire style

The Empire style (, style Empire) is an early-nineteenth-century design movement in architecture, furniture, other decorative arts, and the visual arts, representing the second phase of Neoclassicism. It flourished between 1800 and 1815 during the Consulate and the First French Empire periods, although its life span lasted until the late-1820s. From France it spread into much of Europe and the United States.

The Empire style originated in and takes its name from the rule of the Emperor Napoleon I in the First French Empire, when it was intended to idealize Napoleon's leadership and the French state. The previous fashionable style in France had been the Directoire style, a more austere and minimalist form of Neoclassicism that replaced the Louis XVI style, and the new Empire style brought a full return to ostentatious richness. The style corresponds somewhat to the Biedermeier style in the German-speaking lands, Federal style in the United States, and the Regency style in Britain.

History
The Directoire style of the immediately preceding period aimed at a simpler, but still elegant evocation of the virtues of the Ancient Roman Republic: "The stoic virtues of Republican Rome were upheld as standards not merely for the arts but also for political behaviour and private morality. Conventionels saw themselves as antique heroes. Children were named after Brutus, Solon and Lycurgus. The festivals of the Revolution were staged by David as antique rituals. Even the chairs in which the committee of Salut Publique sat were made on antique models devised by David. ...In fact Neo-classicism became fashionable."

Before the development of the Empire style there was a brief transitional Consulate style that formed under the Consulate. This style introduced many of the motifs of Empire style, taking inspiration from military campaigns, including the French campaign in Egypt and Syria, and was more formal and rectangular.

The Empire style "turned to the florid opulence of Imperial Rome. The abstemious severity of Doric was replaced by Corinthian richness and splendour".

Two French architects, Charles Percier and Pierre François Léonard Fontaine, were together the creators of the French Empire style. The two had studied in Rome and in the 1790s became leading furniture designers in Paris, where they received many commissions from Napoleon and other statesmen.

Architecture of the Empire style was based on elements of the Roman Empire and its many archaeological treasures, which had been rediscovered starting in the eighteenth century. The preceding Louis XVI and Directoire styles employed straighter, simpler designs compared to the Rococo style of the eighteenth century. Empire designs strongly influenced the contemporary American Federal style (such as design of the United States Capitol building), and both were forms of propaganda through architecture. It was a style of the people, not ostentatious but sober and evenly balanced. The style was considered to have "liberated" and "enlightened" architecture just as the propaganda that Napoleon had "liberated" the peoples of Europe with his Napoleonic Code.

The Empire period was popularized by the inventive designs of Percier and Fontaine, Napoleon's architects for Malmaison. The designs drew for inspiration on symbols and ornaments borrowed from the glorious ancient Greek and Roman empires. Buildings typically had simple timber frames and box-like constructions, veneered in expensive mahogany imported from the colonies. Biedermeier furniture also used ebony details, originally due to financial constraints. Ormolu details (gilded bronze furniture mounts and embellishments) displayed a high level of craftsmanship.

General Bernadotte, later to become King Karl Johan of Sweden and Norway, introduced the Napoleonic style to Sweden, where it became known under his own name. The Karl Johan style remained popular in Scandinavia even as the Empire style disappeared from other parts of Europe. France paid some of its debts to Sweden in ormolu bronzes instead of money, leading to a vogue for crystal chandeliers with bronze from France and crystal from Sweden.

After Napoleon lost power, the Empire style continued to be in favour for many decades, with minor adaptations. There was a revival of the style in the last half of the nineteenth century in France, again at the beginning of the twentieth century, and again in the 1980s.

The style survived in Italy longer than in most of Europe, partly because of its Imperial Roman associations, partly because it was revived as a national style of architecture following the unification of Italy in 1870. Mario Praz wrote about this style as the Italian Empire. In the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States, the Empire style was adapted to local conditions and gradually acquired further expression as the Egyptian Revival, Greek Revival, Biedermeier style, Regency style, and late-Federal style.

Motifs and ornaments
All Empire ornament is governed by a rigorous spirit of symmetry reminiscent of the Louis XIV style. Generally, the motifs on a piece's right and left sides correspond to one another in every detail; when they do not, the individual motifs themselves are entirely symmetrical in composition: antique heads with identical tresses falling onto each shoulder, frontal figures of Victory with symmetrically arrayed tunics, identical rosettes or swans flanking a lock plate, etc. Like Louis XIV, Napoleon had a set of emblems unmistakably associated with his rule, most notably the eagle, the bee, stars, and the initials I (for Imperator) and N (for Napoleon), which were usually inscribed within an imperial laurel crown. Motifs used include: figures of Nike bearing palm branches, Greek dancers, nude and draped women, figures of antique chariots, winged putti, mascarons of Apollo, Hermes and the Gorgon, swans, lions, the heads of oxen, horses and wild beasts, butterflies, claws, winged chimeras, sphinxes, bucrania, sea horses, oak wreaths knotted by thin trailing ribbons, climbing grape vines, poppy rinceaux, rosettes, palm branches, and laurel. There's a lot of Greco-Roman ones: stiff and flat acanthus leaves, palmettes, cornucopias, beads, amphoras, tripods, imbricated disks, caduceuses of Mercury, vases, helmets, burning torches, winged trumpet players, and ancient musical instruments (tubas, rattles and especially lyres). Despite their antique derivation, the fluting and triglyphs so prevalent under Louis XVI are abandoned. Egyptian Revival motifs are especially common at the beginning of the period: scarabs, lotus capitals, winged disks, obelisks, pyramids, figures wearing nemeses, caryatids en gaine supported by bare feet and with women Egyptian headdresses.

Architecture
The most famous Empire-style structures in France are the grand neoclassical Arc de Triomphe of Place de l'Étoile, Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel, Vendôme column, and La Madeleine, which were built in Paris to emulate the edifices of the Roman Empire. The style also was used widely in Imperial Russia, where it was used to celebrate the victory over Napoleon in such memorial structures as the General Staff Building, Kazan Cathedral, Alexander Column, and Narva Triumphal Gate. Stalinist architecture is sometimes referred to as Stalin's Empire style. The Royal Palace of Amsterdam houses a complete collection of Empire furniture from the time of Louis Bonaparte, the largest collection outside of France.

Interiors have spacious rooms, richly decorated with symmetrically arranged motifs. The walls are decorated with Corinthian pilasters and vertical panels, having at the top a decorative frieze. The panels are covered with monumental paintings, stuccos, or with embroidered silks. The ceilings have light colours and fine ornaments.

Historic sites which present an homogeneous ensemble, examples of the decoration of interiors of the early 19th century are:
 * Château de Malmaison in France
 * Hôtel de Beauharnais in Paris
 * Château de Compiègne in France
 * Château de Fontainebleau in France
 * Casa del Labrador in Spain
 * Royal Palace of Amsterdam in The Netherlands

title: Empire style


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Edward Hargraves

Edward Hammond Hargraves (7 October 1816 – 29 October 1891) was a gold prospector who claimed to have found gold in Australia in 1851, starting an Australian gold rush. Issues have been contested.

Early life
Edward Hammond Hargraves was born on 7 October 1816 in Gosport, Hampshire, England, the son of Elizabeth (née Whitcombe) and John Edward Hargraves. He was educated in Brighton and Lewes, but left school at the age of 14 to go to sea. He arrived in Sydney in 1832.

After his arrival in the colony of New South Wales, Hargraves worked on a property at Bathurst for a period and then went north to the Torres Strait, working in the bêche-de-mer and tortoiseshell industries. In 1834, he took up 100 acre of land near Wollongong. He married Elizabeth Mackay in Sydney in 1836, and in 1839 they moved to East Gosford. Hargraves was an agent for the General Steam Navigation Company and also established the Fox Under The Hill Hotel. In 1843, he took up another property on the Manning River, leaving his wife behind to look after the hotel.

In July 1849, Hargraves left for the United States to participate in the California Gold Rush. He was unsuccessful but returned to Australia in January 1851 with knowledge of prospecting techniques and hopeful of discovering gold closer to home.

Great gold discovery
On 12 February 1851 John Lister, William Tom and James Tom, with Edward Hargraves, found five specks of gold in Lewis Ponds Creek in New South Wales, Australia. Enlisting the help of others to continue the search, Hargraves returned to Sydney in March to interview the Colonial Secretary, and, encouraged by his friends at Bathurst, wrote to The Sydney Morning Herald describing the rich fields. Hargraves made no mention of Lister, or the Tom brothers when making the discovery public and therefore was credited as the sole discoverer of gold. Leaving his team furious after claiming the £10,000 to himself.

Hargraves wrote a book about his discovery titled Australia and its Goldfields: a historical sketch of the Australian colonies from the earliest times to the present day with a particular account of the recent gold discoveries, published in 1855.

Those contesting Hargraves claims

 * James McBrien (discovered gold in 1823)
 * Paweł Strzelecki (discovered gold in 1839)

 * Reverend William Branwhite Clarke (discovered gold in 1841)
 * William Tipple Smith (discovered gold in 1848)
 * Enoch Rudder ("deeply hurt" associate of Edward Hargraves)
 * John Lister and the Tom brothers (discovered gold in 1851)

Aftermath and later life
Hargraves was rewarded by the New South Wales Government for his find – he was paid £10,000 and was appointed Commissioner of Crown Lands. The Victorian Government paid him £5,000. He only claimed £2,381 before the funds were frozen after John Lister protested. An enquiry was held in 1853 which upheld that Hargraves was the first to discover the goldfield. The goldfield, located at, New South Wales, was named in honour of Ophir.

1856 - Construction of Hargraves House
In 1856, Hargraves purchased a 640 acre landing at Budgewoi on the Central Coast of New South Wales. He went on to build "Norahville" (also called Hargraves House) at Noraville. Wollombi Aboriginal Tribe members are known to have worked on the property. Some sources state that Hargraves had "befriended" the Aboriginal tribe members. In 1877, Hargraves was granted a pension of £250 per year by the Government of New South Wales, which he received until his death.

1890 - Vindication of John Lister and James Tom
A year before Hargraves death in Sydney on 29 October 1891, a second enquiry found that John Lister and James Tom had discovered the first goldfield. Lister is buried in the cemetery at Millthorpe and Tom at Byng, both within 20 km of Ophir.

title: Edward Hargraves


text: Category:Mountains of New Mexico

title: Category:Mountains of New Mexico


text:
User:Danny Ng

Danny Ng (b. June 2, 1981) is a University of Waterloo Computer Science graduate, son of two loving parents and a brother to his elder. He is by all means just a man, nothing more nothing less.

Links
My blog: http://dannyng.com

title: User:Danny Ng


text:
Talk:Panasonic (brand)

Translation, お願いします
Wow, this could really use translation from the Japanese page. gren 08:08, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

agree

Changes made?
This article now seems to be in perfect English.

Jeff 14:22, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

First Picture
It seems strange that the first picture on thr page is a race car while Panasonic has almost nothing to do with them... how about a picture of a product of theirs like... ... or something more representative? Nrbelex (talk) 06:41, 8 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, I think a picture like that will do better than there is now. Also, this page needs to be cleaned up.-- Weatherman1126  (  talk  ) 22:33, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

Origin of Panasonic brand
Panasonic's own websites give varying information. This one says the name appeared on export speakers (but doesn't say to which country) in 1955, while this one says it was introduced in the US in 1961. Although not a direct contradiction, it remains to be clarified. --Blainster 21:37, 28 December 2006 (UTC)

telecomunications
what about telecomunications, there is not a lot said about it... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.241.219.162 (talk) 11:47, 1 July 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Panasonic (brand). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120614033313/http://panasonic.net/brand/history/ to http://panasonic.net/brand/history/

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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:59, 6 December 2017 (UTC)

Panaonic su dn7 repair 103.147.87.142 (talk) 13:50, 13 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Panasonic (brand)


text:
List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1978

List of Guggenheim fellowship winners for 1978.

United States and Canada fellows

 * Alice Adams, Deceased. Fiction: 1978.
 * JoAnne Akalaitis, Director, New York Shakespeare Festival: 1978.
 * Jervis B. Anderson, Writer; Staff Writer, The New Yorker, New York City: 1978.
 * Stuart S. Antman, Professor of Mathematics, University of Maryland at College Park: 1978.
 * Theodore Antoniou, Composer; Professor of Music, Boston University: 1978.
 * Ruth apRoberts, Professor Emeritus of English, University of California, Riverside: 1978.
 * Ralph Arlyck, Film Maker, Poughkeepsie, New York: 1978.
 * Eugene C. Ashby, Regents' Professor Emeritus of Chemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology: 1978.
 * Gordon Ashby, Designer, Inverness, California: 1978.
 * Maurice Auslander, Deceased. Mathematics: 1978.
 * Houston A. Baker, Jr., Albert M. Greenfield Professor of Human Relations, University of Pennsylvania: 1978.
 * Keith Michael Baker, J.E. Wallace Sterling Professor in the Humanities and Professor of History, Stanford University: 1978.
 * E. Digby Baltzell, Deceased. Sociology: 1978.
 * James Robert Bamburg, Professor of Biochemistry, Colorado State University: 1978.
 * Jonathan Baumbach, Writer; Professor of English, Brooklyn College, City University of New York: 1978.
 * Zdeněk Pavel Bažant, McCormick School Professor and Walter P. Murphy Professor of Civil Engineering and Materials Science, Northwestern University: 1978.
 * Howard S. Becker, Professor of Sociology, University of California, Santa Barbara: 1978.
 * Charles A. Bennett, Artist, New York City: 1978.
 * Richard M. A. Benson, Dean, Yale School of Art: 1978, 1986.
 * Robert F. Berkhofer, Professor of History, Oakes College, University of California, Santa Cruz: 1978.
 * Walter F. Berns, Resident Scholar, American Enterprise Institute, Washington: 1978.
 * Steven J. Beyer, Artist; Assistant Professor of Sculpture, Tyler School of Art, Temple University: 1978.
 * Edgar M. Branch, Research Professor Emeritus of English and Associate in American Literature, Miami University: 1978.
 * Patrick M. Brantlinger, Professor of English, Indiana University: 1978.
 * John I. Brauman, J.G. Jackson - C. J. Wood Professor of Chemistry, Stanford University: 1978.
 * Robert Breer, Film Maker; Professor of Art, Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art: 1978.
 * Christopher Edward Brion, Professor of Chemistry, University of British Columbia: 1978.
 * A. Peter Brown, Professor of Musicology, Indiana University: 1978.
 * Vincent J. Bruno, Ashbel Smith Chair, Emeritus Professor of Art History, University of Texas at Arlington: 1978.
 * Elizabeth W. Bruss, Deceased. Literary Criticism: 1978.
 * Donald F. Buchla, Instrument Designer and Scholar, Berkeley, California: 1978.
 * Chris Burden, Artist; Professor, Head New Genre, University of California, Los Angeles: 1978.
 * William Michael Burke, Photographer; Instructor, School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston: 1978.
 * David S. Cannell, Professor of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara: 1978.
 * E. A. Carmean, Art Historian and Curator, San Mateo, California: 1978.
 * Raymond Carver, Deceased. Fiction: 1978.
 * Phillip R. Certain, Professor of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison: 1978.
 * Leo M. Chalupa, chair, Professor of Neurobiology, Psychology & Behavior, University of California, Davis: 1978.
 * Nicolai Cikovsky, Jr., Senior Curator of American and British Painting, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.: 1978.
 * Thurston Clarke, Writer, Willsboro, New York: 1978.
 * Thomas Clayton, Professor of English and of Classical Studies, University of Minnesota: 1978.
 * Martin Leonard Cody, Professor of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles: 1978.
 * Calvert Coggeshall, Deceased. Fine Arts: 1978.
 * Carolyn Cohen, chair, Graduate Biophysics Program; Professor of Biology, Brandeis University: 1978.
 * Marvin L. Cohen, University Professor of Physics, University of California, Berkeley: 1978, 1990.
 * Robert A. Colby, Professor Emeritus of Library Science, Queens College, City University of New York: 1978.
 * Stephen Cole, Leading Professor of Sociology, State University of New York at Stony Brook: 1978.
 * Alicia Colombí de Monguió, Professor of Spanish, SUNY at Albany, New York: 1978. Appointed As Alicia Colombí de Ferraresi.
 * Jaime H. Concha, Professor of Spanish and Latin American Literature, University of California, San Diego: 1978.
 * Jonathan Cott, Writer, New York City: 1978.
 * Donald M. Crothers, Alfred E. Kemp Professor of Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University: 1978.
 * Curtis Curtis-Smith, Composer; Professor of Music, Western Michigan University: 1978.
 * James Maurice Daniels, Professor Emeritus of Physics, University of Toronto: 1978.
 * Judy Dater, Artist/Photographer, Berkeley, California: 1978.
 * Alan M. Dershowitz, Felix Frankfurter Professor of Law, Harvard Law School: 1978.
 * Jan de Vries, Professor of History, University of California, Berkeley: 1978.
 * Tom DeWitt, Artist, Ancramdale, New York: 1978.
 * George T. Dickie, Professor Emeritus of Philosophy, University of Illinois at Chicago Circle: 1978.
 * Margaret Anne Doody, John and Barbara Glynn Family Professor of Literature, University of Notre Dame: 1978.
 * Henri Dorra, Professor of Art History, University of California, Santa Barbara: 1978.
 * John E. Dowling, Maria Moors Cabot Professor of Natural Sciences and Professor of Neuroscience, Harvard University: 1978.
 * Senta Driver, Choreographer; Artist Director, Harry's Foundation, Inc., New York City: 1978.
 * Robert C. Dunbar, Professor of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University: 1978.
 * Martin Dworkin, Professor of Microbiology, University of Minnesota: 1978.
 * Donald M. Engelman, chair, Professor of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University: 1978.
 * Clayton Eshleman, Poet, Ypsilanti, Michigan: 1978.
 * Claire Falkenstein, Artist, Venice, California: 1978.
 * Thomas D. Farber, Writer; Senior Lecturer, University of California, Berkeley: 1978.
 * Don W. Fawcett, Hersey Professor of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School: 1978.
 * Andrew Fetler, Writer; Professor of English, University of Massachusetts Amherst: 1978.
 * Kit Fine, Professor of Philosophy, New York University: 1978.
 * Claude S. Fischer, Professor of Sociology, University of California, Berkeley: 1978.
 * Steven Fischler, Film Maker; Producer and Director, Pacific St. Film Projects, Inc., Brooklyn, New York: 1978.
 * Dagfinn Follesdal, Clarence Irving Lewis Professor of Philosophy, Stanford University; Professor of Philosophy, University of Oslo: 1978.
 * Michael Foran, Artist, Laramie, Wyoming: 1978.
 * Carolyn Forché, Poet; Professor of English, George Mason University: 1978.
 * Irving B. Fritz, Deceased. Biochemistry-Molecular Biology: 1978.
 * Tess Gallagher, Poet, Port Angeles, WA: 1978.
 * William A. Gamson, Professor of Sociology, Boston College: 1978.
 * Barbara Garson, Writer, New York City: 1978.
 * Jean Gaudon, Adviser in French Literature, Yale University: 1978.
 * John Gerassi, Writer; Professor of Political Science, Queens College, City University of New York: 1978.
 * David B. Geselowitz, Emeritus Professor of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University: 1978.
 * Michael T. Ghiselin, Senior Research Fellow, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco: 1978.
 * Aharon Gibor, Emeritus Professor of Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara: 1978.
 * Walter S. Gibson, Andrew W. Mellon Professor Emeritus of the Humanities, Case Western Reserve University: 1978.
 * Frank Gillette, Video Artist, New York City: 1978.
 * George Glauberman, Professor of Mathematics, University of Chicago: 1978.
 * Paul F. Grendler, Emeritus Professor of History, University of Toronto: 1978.
 * Jan Groover, Photographer, Montpon-Menesterol, France: 1978.
 * Joan Delaney Grossman, Emeritus Professor of Slavic Languages and Literatures, University of California, Berkeley: 1978.
 * Henry Guerlac, Deceased: History of Science: 1978.
 * Edwin J. Gunn, Artist, New York City: 1978.
 * Robert W. Gutman, Dean, Art and Design Division, Fashion Institute of Technology, State University of New York: 1978.
 * Marshall M. Haith, Professor of Psychology, University of Denver: 1978.
 * John Halperin, Centennial Professor of English, Vanderbilt University: 1978,1985.
 * Gilbert H. Harman, Stuart Professor of Philosophy, Princeton University: 1978.
 * Daniel A. Harris, Associate Professor of English, Douglass College, Rutgers University: 1978.
 * William Hauptman, Playwright, New York City: 1978.
 * John Edward Hay, Director of Environmental Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand: 1978.
 * James J. Heckman, Henry Schultz Distinguished Service Professor of Economics, University of Chicago: 1978.
 * Roger A. Hegstrom, Professor of Chemistry, Wake Forest University: 1978.
 * John C. Heiss, Composer; Member of the Faculty, New England Conservatory of Music: 1978.
 * Jurgen Herbst, Emeritus Professor of Educational Policy Studies and of History, University of Wisconsin–Madison: 1978.
 * Darleane C. Hoffman, Professor of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley; Senior Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory: 1978.
 * Roald Hoffmann, Frank M. T. Rhodes Professor of Humane Letters, Cornell University: 1978.
 * Nancy L. Holt, Artist, New York City: 1978.
 * Bette Howland, Writer, Albuquerque, New Mexico: 1978.
 * Joseph A. Hudson, Composer, New York City: 1978.
 * Vernon W. Hughes, Sterling Professor Emeritus of Physics, Yale University: 1978.
 * Norris C. Hundley, Professor of History, University of California, Los Angeles: 1978.
 * George K. Hunter, Emily Sanford Professor Emeritus of English, Yale University: 1978.
 * James T. Hynes, Professor of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder: 1978.
 * Charles Israels, Composer: 1978.
 * Neil Jenney, Jr, Artist, New York City: 1978.
 * Robert Jervis, Adlai E. Stevenson Professor of International Affairs, Columbia University: 1978.
 * Joseph Katz, Deceased. Education: 1978.
 * William M. Kaula, Deceased. Earth Science: 1978.
 * David Kechley, Professor of Music, Williams College: 1978.
 * John L. Keep, Retired Professor of History, University of Toronto: 1978.
 * David N. Keightley, Emeritus Professor of History, University of California, Berkeley: 1978.
 * Charles M. H. Keil, Emeritus Professor of American Studies, State University of New York at Buffalo: 1978.
 * Andrew S. Kende, Charles F. Houghton Professor of Chemistry, University of Rochester: 1978.
 * Susan Estabrook Kennedy, chair, Professor of History, Virginia Commonwealth University: 1978.
 * Richard Kevorkian, Artist; Professor of Painting and Printmaking, Virginia Commonwealth University: 1978.
 * George L. Kline, Milton C. Nahm Professor Emeritus of Philosophy, Bryn Mawr College: 1978.
 * Annette Kolodny, Professor of Comparative Cultural and Literary Studies, University of Arizona: 1978.
 * Richard W. Kotuk, deceased. Film: 1978.
 * Donald J. Kouri, Distinguished University Professor of Chemistry and Physics, University of Houston: 1978.
 * David Krause, Professor Emeritus of English, Brown University: 1978.
 * Sige-Yuki Kuroda, deceased. Linguistics: 1978.
 * Don Q. Lamb, Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago: 1978.
 * Ronald W. Langacker, Professor of Linguistics, University of California, San Diego: 1978.
 * Richard G. Lawton, Professor of Chemistry, University of Michigan: 1978.
 * Wonyong Lee, Professor of Physics, Columbia University: 1978.
 * Lynn Hollen Lees, Professor of History, University of Pennsylvania: 1978.
 * Richard D. Lehan, Professor Emeritus of English, American, and Comparative Literature, University of California, Los Angeles: 1978.
 * Herbert Lehnert, Research Professor of German, University of California, Irvine: 1978.
 * Richard L. Levin, Emeritus Professor of English, State University of New York at Stony Brook: 1978.
 * Robert I. Levy, Emeritus Professor of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego: 1978.
 * Benjamin M. Lifson, Photographer, New York City: 1978.
 * J. G. Liou, Professor of Geology, Stanford University: 1978.
 * Trevor Lloyd, Professor of History, University of Toronto: 1978.
 * Clara M. Lovett, President, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona: 1978.
 * J. Anthony Lukas, Deceased. General Nonfiction: 1978.
 * Roderick Macneil, John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law, Northwestern University: 1978.
 * Peter B. Maggs, Peter and Sarah Pedersen Professor of Law, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign: 1978.
 * John Margolies, Architectural Critic, New York City: 1978.
 * Lynn Margulis, Distinguished University Professor, University of Massachusetts, Amherst: 1978.
 * Sherwin A. Maslowe, Professor of Mathematics, McGill University: 1978.
 * Jeffrey P. Mass, Professor of History, Stanford University; Professor of Japanese, Oxford University: 1978.
 * James A. Matisoff, Professor of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley: 1978.
 * William F. May, Cary M. Maguire Professor of Ethics, Southern Methodist University: 1978.
 * David R. Mayhew, Sterling Professor of Political Science, Yale University: 1978.
 * William McAllister-Johnson, Professor of the History of Art, University of Toronto: 1978.
 * Michael McCanles, Professor of English, Marquette University: 1978.
 * Gerald W. McFarland, Professor of History, University of Massachusetts Amherst: 1978.
 * Leonard Melfi, Playwright, New York City: 1978.
 * Jeffrey Meyers, Writer; Kensington, California: 1978.
 * Brenda Miller, Artist, New York City: 1978.
 * Roy A. Miller, Professor Emeritus of Asian Languages and Literature, University of Washington: 1978.
 * Richard Misrach, Photographer, Emeryville, California: 1978.
 * Phillip M. Mitchell, deceased. German and Scandinavian Literature: 1978.
 * John Modell, Professor of Education and Human Development and Professor of Sociology, Brown University: 1978.
 * John N. Morris, Deceased. Poetry: 1978.
 * James D. Muhly, Emeritus Professor of Ancient Near Eastern History, University of Pennsylvania: 1978.
 * Bharati Mukherjee, Writer; Professor of English, University of California, Berkeley: 1978.
 * Donald J. Munro, Emeritus Professor of Philosophy and of Chinese, University of Michigan: 1978.
 * Conlon Nancarrow, Deceased. Music Composition: 1978.
 * Barbara Nolan, chair, Professor of English, University of Virginia: 1978.
 * R. Glenn Northcutt, Professor of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego: 1978.
 * Gananath Obeyesekere, Professor of Anthropology, Princeton University: 1978.
 * Darcy O'Brien, Deceased. Fiction: 1978.
 * David M. Olan, Composer; Professor of Music, Baruch College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York: 1978.
 * Wilma K. Olson, Mary I. Bunting Professor of Chemistry, Douglass College, Rutgers University: 1978.
 * Michael Oppenheimer, Chief Scientist, Environmental Defense Fund, New York City: 1978.
 * Elaine H. Pagels, Harrington Spear Paine Foundation Professor of Religion, Princeton University: 1978.
 * Orlando Patterson, John Cowles Professor of Sociology, Harvard University: 1978.
 * Robert A. Pendleton, Choreographer, Washington, Connecticut; artistic director, Momix Dance Theater: 1978.
 * Donald Phelps, Writer, New York City: 1978.
 * Edmund S. Phelps, McVickar Professor of Political Economy, Columbia University: 1978.
 * Eric R. Pianka, Professor of Zoology, University of Texas at Austin: 1978.
 * Claude Pichois, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of French, Vanderbilt University: 1978.
 * David B. Pisoni, Chancellors' Professor of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Indiana University: 1978.
 * David Premack, Professor Emeritus of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania: 1978.
 * Kenneth Price, Artist: 1978.
 * Dean G. Pruitt, Distinguished Professor of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo: 1978.
 * Paul H. Rabinowitz, Professor of Mathematics, University of Wisconsin–Madison: 1978.
 * Steve Reich, Composer, New York City: 1978.
 * Peter Hanns Reill, Associate Professor of History, University of California, Los Angeles: 1978.
 * Martin Rein, Professor of Sociology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology: 1978.
 * Howard Reiss, Emeritus Professor of Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles: 1978.
 * Robert V. Remini, Historian, University of Illinois at Chicago: 1978.
 * Richard J. Roberts, Director of Research, New England Biolabs, Beverly, Massachusetts: 1978.
 * Walter Rosenblum, Photographer; Professor Emeritus of Art, Brooklyn College, City University of New York: 1978.
 * Charles L. Ross, Associate Professor of English, University of Hartford: 1978.
 * Michael Rothschild, Dean of Social Sciences and Professor of Economics, University of California, San Diego: 1978.
 * David G. Rubin, Emeritus Professor of Literature, Sarah Lawrence University; Visiting professor, Middle Eastern Languages and Cultures, Columbia University: 1978.
 * Joel Sachs, chairman, Music History, The Juilliard School: 1978.
 * Edward B. Saff, Professor of Mathematics, University of South Florida: 1978.
 * Daniel J. Sandin, Artist; Professor of Art, University of Illinois at Chicago: 1978.
 * Giovanni Sartori, Albert Schweitzer Professor in the Humanities, Columbia University: 1978.
 * Dennis Schmitz, Poet; Professor of English, California State University, Sacramento: 1978.
 * Millard Kent Schumaker, Professor of Religion, Queen's University, Kingston; Associate Professor of Religion and Ethics, Queen's Theological College: 1978.
 * Joseph Schwantner, Composer; Professor of Composition, Eastman School of Music, University of Rochester: 1978.
 * John H. Schwarz, Harold Brown Professor of Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology: 1978.
 * Dana S. Scott, Hillman University Professor of Computer Science and Mathematical Logic, Carnegie Mellon University: 1978.
 * James C. Scott, Eugene Meyers Professor of Political Science and Anthropology, Yale University: 1978.
 * Martin F. Semmelhack, Professor of Chemistry, Princeton University: 1978.
 * Wallace Shawn, Playwright, New York City: 1978.
 * Joel Sherzer, Liberal Arts Foundation Centennial Professor of Anthropology and Linguistics, University of Texas at Austin: 1978.
 * Harry Sieber, Professor of Romance Languages, Johns Hopkins University: 1978.
 * Elie Siegmeister, Deceased. Music Composition: 1978.
 * Michael Silverstein, Samuel N. Harper Professor of Anthropology, Linguistics, and Psychology, University of Chicago: 1978.
 * Melvin I. Simon, chair, Professor of Biological Sciences, California Institute of Technology: 1978.
 * Lawrence Sirovich, Professor; Director, Laboratory of Applied Mathematics, CUNY/Mt. Sinai, New York City: 1978.
 * William E. Spicer, Stanford W. Ascherman Professor of Engineering, Stanford University: 1978.
 * David E. Stannard, Associate Professor of American Studies, University of Hawaii at Manoa: 1978.
 * Ross M. Starr, Professor of Economics, University of California, San Diego: 1978.
 * John M. Steadman, III, Emeritus Professor of English, University of California Riverside, and Senior Research Associate, The Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino: 1978.
 * Hilgard O'Reilly Sternberg, Professor Emeritus of Geography, University of California, Berkeley: 1978.
 * Joel Sternfeld, Photographer; Member of the Faculty, Sarah Lawrence College: 1978, 1982.
 * Garrett Stewart, Professor of English, University of California, Santa Barbara: 1978.
 * Alan A. Stone, Touroff-Glueck Professor of Law and Psychiatry, Harvard University: 1978.
 * Daniel W. Stroock, Professor of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology: 1978.
 * Joel Sucher, Producer, Pacific Street Films, Brooklyn, New York: 1978.
 * Lawrence Anthony Sullivan, Earl Warren Professor of Public Law, University of California, Berkeley: 1978.
 * John Suppe, Blair Professor of Geology, Princeton University: 1978.
 * Elizabeth Swados, Composer and Theatre Director, New York City: 1978.
 * Kei Takei, Choreographer, New York City: 1978, 1988.
 * Robert E. Tarjan, James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Computer Science, Princeton University: 1978.
 * Mark C. Taylor, Cluett Professor of Humanities, Williams College: 1978.
 * J. Mills Thornton, III, Professor of History, University of Michigan: 1978.
 * Micheline L. Tison-Braun, Professor Emeritus of French, Hunter College and Graduate Center, City University of New York: 1978. Appointed as Braun, Micheline L.
 * Calvin Tomkins, Staff Writer, The New Yorker: 1978.
 * Paul Uselding, Dean, Professor of Management, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH: 1978.
 * Kermit Vanderbilt, Distinguished Professor of English, San Diego State University: 1978.
 * John Van Sickle, Professor of Classics, Brooklyn College, and Professor of Classics and of Comparative Literature, Graduate School, City University of New York: 1978.
 * David Vaughan, Dance Critic; Archivist, Cunningham Dance Foundation: 1978.
 * William Veeder, Professor of English and of the Humanities, University of Chicago: 1978.
 * Arthur F. Veinott, Professor of Operations Research, Stanford University: 1978.
 * Ellen Bryant Voigt, Poet, Marshfield, Vermont: 1978.
 * Stanko B. Vranich, Associate Professor of Romance Languages, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York: 1978.
 * Robert V. Wagoner, Professor of Physics, Stanford University: 1978.
 * Anthony F. C. Wallace, University Professor Emeritus of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania: 1978.
 * William S-Y. Wang, chair, Professor of Language Engineering, City University of Hong Kong: 1978.
 * J. P. Wearing, Emeritus Professor of English, University of Arizona: 1978.
 * James M. Wells, Curator Emeritus, The Newberry Library, Chicago: 1978.
 * Joanna G. Williams, Professor of Art, University of California-Berkeley: 1978.
 * Thornton Willis, Artist, New York City: 1978.
 * Jacqueline Winsor, Artist; Instructor in Fine Arts, School of Visual Arts: 1978.
 * Joseph A. Wittreich, Jr., Distinguished Professor of English, City University of New York Graduate School and University Center: 1978.
 * Donald R. Yennie, Deceased. Physics: 1978.
 * David Young, Poet; Longman Professor of English, Oberlin College: 1978.
 * Robert B. Zajonc, Professor of Psychology, Stanford University: 1978.

Latin American and Caribbean Fellows

 * Carlos Aragone Salveraglio, Professor of Physics, Simon Bolivar University, Caracas: 1978.
 * Winston Branch, Artist, St. Lucia, West Indies; Adjunct Professor of Art, University of California, Berkeley: 1978.
 * Daniel Pedro Cardinali, Head, Division of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacological Research, National Research Council of Argentina, Buenos Aires: 1978.
 * Antonio Cisneros Campoy, Writer; Professor of Literature, National University of San Marcos, Lima: 1978.
 * Alfredo Elio Cocucci, Professor of Botany, National University of Córdoba: 1978.
 * Asdrubal Colmenarez, Artist; Research Associate In Art, University of Paris VIII, France: 1978.
 * Manuel Dannemann, Professor of Ethnology and Folklore, University of Chile: 1978.
 * Jorge Eduardo Eielson, Writer, Milan, Italy: 1978.
 * Gustavo Eduardo Ferrari, Deceased. Political Science: 1978.
 * Guillermo Carlos Flichman, Research Economist, International Center for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies, Paris: 1978.
 * Fernando Gagliuffi Kolich, Film Maker and Architect, Lima: 1978.
 * Norbel Galanti, Professor of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Chile School of Medicine: 1978.
 * Rubens Gerchman, Artist; Director, School of Visual Arts, Rio de Janeiro: 1978.
 * Carlos Roberto González, Professor, Institute of Geology, Miguel Lillo Foundation; Professor of Historical Geology, National University of Tucumán : 1978.
 * Luis Jorge González Fernández. Deceased. Emeritus Professor of Music Theory and Composition, University of Colorado Boulder: 1978
 * David Huerta Bravo, Writer, México, D.F.: 1978.
 * Enrique Krauze Kleinbort, Research Associate in History, College of Mexico, Mexico, D.F.: 1978.
 * Larissa A. Lomnitz, Professor of Anthropology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico, D.F.: 1978.
 * Carlos José Pereira de Lucena, Professor of Computer Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro: 1978.
 * Gerardo Martínez-López, Plant Virologist, Colombian Agricultural and Livestock Institute, Bogotá: 1978.
 * Elisa T. Marusic, Professor of Medicine, University of Los Andes: 1978.
 * Humberto R. Maturana, Professor of Biology, University of Chile: 1978.
 * Shivadhar Srinivasa Naipaul, Deceased. Fiction: 1978.
 * Antonio Paes de Carvalho, President, BIO-RIO; Professor of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro: 1978.
 * Rafael Panzone, Retired Professor of Mathematics, National University of the South, Bahí a Blanca; Career Scientist, National Research Council of Argentine: 1978.
 * Leôncio Martins Rodrigues, Professor of Social Science, University of São Paulo: 1978.
 * Andrea Tonacci, Film Maker, São Paulo: 1978, 1982.
 * Marco Antonio Valdivia, Photographer, Antofagasta, Chile: 1978.


text: Talk:1924 United Kingdom general election


text:
Intake

An intake (also inlet) is an opening, structure or system through which a fluid is admitted to a space or machine as a consequence of a pressure differential between the outside and the inside. The pressure difference may be generated on the inside by a mechanism, or on the outside by ram pressure or hydrostatic pressure. Flow rate through the intake depends on pressure difference, fluid properties, and intake geometry.

Intake refers to an opening, or area, together with its defining edge profile which has an associated entry loss, that captures pipe flow from a reservoir or storage tank. Intake refers to the capture area definition and attached ducting to an aircraft gas turbine engine or ramjet engine and, as such, an intake is followed by a compressor or combustion chamber. It may instead be referred to as a diffuser. For an automobile engine the components through which the air flows to the engine cylinders, are collectively known as an intake system and may include the inlet port and valve. An intake for a hydroelectric power plant is the capture area in a reservoir which feeds a pressure pipe, or penstock, or into an open canal.

Automobile engine intakes
Early automobile intake systems were simple air inlets connected directly to carburetors. The first air filter was implemented on the 1915 Packard Twin Six.

The modern automobile air intake system has three main parts, an air filter, mass flow sensor, and throttle body. Some modern intake systems can be highly complex, and often include specially-designed intake manifolds to optimally distribute air and air/fuel mixture to each cylinder. Many cars today now include a silencer to minimize the noise entering the cabin. Silencers impede airflow and create turbulence which reduce total power, so performance enthusiasts often remove them.

All the above is usually accomplished by flow testing on a flow bench in the port design stage. Cars with turbochargers or superchargers which provide pressurized air to the engine usually have highly refined intake systems to improve performance dramatically.

Production cars have specific-length air intakes to cause the air to vibrate and buffet at a specific frequency to assist airflow into the combustion chamber. Aftermarket companies for cars have introduced larger throttle bodies and air filters to decrease restriction of flow at the cost of changing the harmonics of the air intake for a small net increase in power or torque.

Aircraft intakes
Aircraft using piston engines use intake systems similar to automobiles.

With the development of jet engines and the subsequent ability of aircraft to travel at supersonic speeds, it was necessary to design inlets to provide the flow required by the engine over a wide operating envelope and to provide air with a high-pressure recovery and low distortion. These designs became more complex as aircraft speeds increased to Mach 3.0 and Mach 3.2, design points for the XB-70 and SR-71 respectively. The inlet is part of the fuselage or part of the nacelle.

Aircraft with a maximum speed greater than about Mach 2 use intakes with variable geometry to achieve good pressure recovery from take-off to maximum speed.

title: Intake


text:
Talk:Game Boy Camera

PDA?
needs the Pokemon and Zelda cameras, and there may be others for all I know.

I think you cannot state that Nintendo tried to go into the PDA market. You can also see the Gameboy Camera as a game, it has more properties of a game than of a PDA. For example you cannot copy things, you cannot keep an image that you send over a cable etc etc. So i dared to remove this sentence.

 * Oh, I only just noticed that bit just now when you deleted it! No it's not a PDA feature at all. And I highly doubt that Nintendo would honestly consider that a (primarily) gaming device with four buttons and a D-pad could be a serious entry into the PDA market. Master Thief Garrett 10:19, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually, it is a PDA feature, certainly. But I don't think that statement meant it was trying to enter the PDA market, so I have attempted to clarify it in my latest edit. Andre ( talk ) 18:11, Apr 30, 2005 (UTC)

 * If this is a PDA feature or shouldn't be part of the discussion, but if Nintendo wanted to enter the PDA market or expand the Gameboy with PDA features. Only after this is cleared you can state if this attempt was successful or not. And as i can see no proof or source where is explained what was Nintendo's plan i suggest to remove this sentence. It is too much valuing something which shouldn't be valued. --195.158.167.151 18:22, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

As someone who writes about the history of videogames, I find it highly annoying that something so incorrect could be placed on Wikipedia for the world to read. The GB camera was NEVERn intended to be a PDA, or be marketed as one. It was purely a recreational toy, for lack of a better word. To further worsen this problem, lazy "journalists" have been using Wiki as a reference for their articles, notably that abhorent Gameboy feature several months back in Retro Gamer magazine. It pains me greatly to see such incorrect facts printed as truth. PLEASE. Someone, get rid of that PDA statement. Things like that, in my opinion, only serve to destroy whatever credibility Wikipedia has as an online Encyclopedia. How anyone who has seen a GB camera, used it, read the reviews and features on it, seen the marketing campaigns and advertising, and has also read the regular coverage it had, can then come to conclusion that it's even remotely connected to PDAs, is beyond me. - by Anon, 2nd December 2005
 * An old issue of Nintendo Power featured an article about PDA-like software for the original Game Boy. It even came with a very small keyboard.  This had nothing to do with the Game Boy Camera though. 208.0.233.198 17:09, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

Game Freak
I'm not sure how much of the software Game Freak did develop, but IIRC they were on the copyright notice at the beginning of the program, and I think I recall Satoshi Tajiri being somewhere in the credits though I'm not sure now... --Zilog Jones 21:18, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * you could always check with one of those, y'know, ROM things... *collective gasps* --(Garrett, 11:31, 13 Apr 2005, GMT)
 * Well, seeing as the game is listed on the Jupiter.co.jp website under their "Gamesoft" section - I'm guessing they developed it. Game Freak were credited for the inclusion of Pokemon characters. 82.22.150.37 (talk) 20:33, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

Resolution
Does anyone know the resolution of the camera? It was the first digital camera I ever saw, before "megapixel" was even a word. It would be an interesting comparison to today digital cameras. Crazym108 17:44, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * In answer to my own question, the GB screen in 160x144 pixels. Does the GB Camera take full screen pictures? If so, that makes it a 23 kpixel (.023 megapixel) camera.  Is that even worth mentioning in the article?Crazym108 17:54, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The resolution is 128x112 (the article here inaccurately states 128x123), that's 16x14 gameboy tiles... and in turn that would be around .014 megapixels. Hundphung 19:46, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The correct sensor resolution is 128x128. Its effective resolution is 128x123, since that's the biggest output you'll get from the chip. The Game Boy Camera then crops this output to 128x112. I've edited the article and added citations as proof. A lot of articles and videos in the past few years cite 256x224 as the correct resolution. This is because they were citing Wikipedia. It's a case of circular reporting. 83.250.130.189 (talk) 00:53, 24 June 2017 (UTC)

What is that BALL song?!?
Does anyone know the name of the song (Song A) that plays during the juggling Ball / Toss-Up mini game? Is it some kind of traditional russian song like Korobeiniki (Of Tetris fame; coincidentally known as "Song A" as well.) or did Nintendo just make it up? I'm doubting the latter, as I've heard this song elsewhere in my life before, though...

C Gallery?
Is this for real, or fake?

Fake. Superjustinbros. (talk) 20:12, 22 June 2008 (UTC)

Boss #2 in the Space Game...
Am I the only one who thinks he looks like Bob Hoskins? Lordofallkobuns 06:48, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

GBC Pictures
If there is any possible way at all for one to upload a GBC picture, that would be cool and it'd be a nice way of showing what the camera can do. -dogman15 16:33, 13 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I've added a picture of a car taken with my Gameboy Camera.--Weakmassive 20:16, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Contradiction
The article mentions that the Driving Rain album cover was taken with the Gameboy Camera, however, the Driving Rain article says it was taken by a Casio Wrist Camera Watch, and cites the CD's booklet as a 'reference'. Can anybody confirm this? QBasicer 19:41, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

That's probably correct. I've used both cameras and the Driving Rain cover definitely looks like the Casio Camera Watch as opposed to the Gameboy camera. Don't have the linear notes to verify for sure though. In the meantime, Driving Rain should NOT be mentioned in the article. --Weakmassive 01:21, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

"RUN" function"
Shouldn't this article say what the RUN function does in the SHOOT menu? Superjustinbros. (talk) 20:14, 22 June 2008 (UTC)

Zelda Edition
Does anyone know how many copies of the Zelda version of the camera were made? It was listed in the original article that had them for sale. I've lost the article since then, but I remember it wasn't very many. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.254.128.141 (talk) 21:49, 1 August 2008 (UTC)

Teal colored Game Boy Camera?
The article states that "The Game Boy Camera comes in 6 different standard colors: yellow, red, blue, green, teal, and violet, as well as a limited edition The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time gold version" Now I have personally seen the Yellow, Red, Blue and Green versions, as well as the Japanese Clear Purple version (Dont know why its called violet in the article though) and the Gold/Zelda version. However I have never seen a Teal version - is this just a 'guess' based on the standard color range of Game Boy Pocket/Color consoles? I googled for ages but found no other reference or picture of a Teal Game Boy Camera so doubt very much it existed. If no one can confirm its existence I will remove it from the article in a few weeks time. Link83 (talk) 15:52, 2 November 2009 (UTC)

I have edited the article now, I change 'violet' to 'clear purple' as that was Nintendo's official name for the color, and I also removed teal. If anyone has any proof of the teal color existing please feel free to add it back in to the article with a reference, although I have a feeling that it was likely an error due to the teal color used on the front of the Japanese green Pocket Camera box (Its probably also the reason violet was mentioned in the article as well, due to the violet color of the clear purple Pocket Camera box) Link83 (talk) 13:03, 17 November 2009 (UTC)

Driving Rain
There is no citation given for Driving Rain's use of the GB camera to take its album cover. The back photos were taken using a Casio Wrist Camera Watch, but I cannot find a source that specifically specifies the album's cover as being taken with the watch camera or the GB camera. Jefe (talk) 21:07, 25 February 2011 (UTC)

Camera to pc transfer
http://jamesumber.com/?p=23 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mix Bouda-Lycaon (talk • contribs) 00:00, 21 August 2011 (UTC)

Cracked?
I need to call attention to the use of a Cracked.com article in the sources list. It's a funny website but the majority of the articles have a high amount of bias and it should absolutely not be used for sources on wikipedia. 64.213.222.97 (talk) 21:23, 11 January 2012 (UTC)

Discontinued
When it was discontinued the Game Boy Camera? --93.41.210.19 (talk) 19:13, 18 February 2012 (UTC)

Scare Boy Camera
I hate the "Who are you running from" faces. --62.1.208.186 (talk) 15:59, 13 April 2015 (UTC)

Focal length
Given the very small size of the sensor, the lens can't be a 20cm (200mm is a telephoto focal length with a 24x36 sensor). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.177.159.75 (talk) 19:27, 16 June 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Modern uses of gbc
So the gbc is still very active and I think that this is worth mentioning. However it is being deleted as a 'link farm'

I agree that the original text was a link farm, but that doesn't mean that the info is not relevant. Any suggestions on how to describe this?

Same for ways to get the data off the camera--Synethos (talk) 22:41, 18 February 2020 (UTC)

 * Wow, I am deleting my old comment because I hadn't seen the links you gave because you said they were a link farm! That's not a link farm; it's a list of mostly RSes. I figured they were just community hackers and modders. So I redesigned the article and included them. Good job. — Smuckola(talk) 23:08, 18 February 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm glad that you agree! There is quite an active community out there doing interesting things with this camera. Can we also add something on taking the images off? Maybe even just mentioning that it is possible could help, as many people do not know that. Most of these methods are community hacks, so I am not sure how that would go. --Synethos (talk) 09:37, 26 February 2020 (UTC)

Cost?
The article lacks what the MSRP was when released. I think this would be relevant information to include in the context of how it was received when it went to market.

Using GBC as the acronym for the cartridge
With the Game Boy Color very often described using the acronym on Wikipedia, using those three letters to describe the Game Boy Camera is confusing. Using *the camera* instead would be much better and cause no confusion with the GBC (Game Boy Color). Goomba-la-botte (talk) 15:45, 7 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Game Boy Camera


text:
Trainspotting (soundtrack)

The Trainspotting soundtracks are two soundtrack albums released following the film adaptation of Irvine Welsh's novel of the same name.

The first album was released in February 1996 in the UK and 9 July 1996 in the US. The comparatively huge fanbase for both the film and the original soundtrack prompted a release of a second soundtrack on 21 October 1997. This second album included songs from the film that did not make the cut for the first album, as well as songs that did not appear in the final film but were involved at earlier stages or were used as inspiration by the filmmakers, and one duplicate song. The popularity of the first volume led EMI to reissue and continue to press it from 16 June 2003.

In 2007 the editors of Vanity Fair magazine ranked the original Trainspotting soundtrack as the 7th best motion picture soundtrack in history. It was ranked #17 on Entertainment Weekly's 100 Best Movie Soundtracks.

Recognition

 * 2001: Ranked #17 on Entertainment Weekly's 100 Best Movie Soundtracks.
 * 2007: Editors of Vanity Fair magazine ranked the original Trainspotting soundtrack as the 7th best motion picture soundtrack in history.
 * 2013: Ranked #13 in Rolling Stone's "The 25 Greatest Soundtracks of All Time"

Complete film soundtrack
The following is a complete list of songs that appear in the film Trainspotting in order of appearance:

 * 1) "Lust for Life" – Iggy Pop
 * 2) "Carmen Suite No.2" – Georges Bizet
 * 3) "Deep Blue Day" – Brian Eno
 * 4) "Trainspotting" – Primal Scream
 * 5) "Temptation"^ – Heaven 17
 * 6) "Atomic" – Sleeper
 * 7) "Temptation"^ – New Order
 * 8) "Nightclubbing" – Iggy Pop
 * 9) "Sing" – Blur
 * 10) "Perfect Day" – Lou Reed
 * 11) "Dark and Long (Dark Train)" – Underworld
 * 12) "Think About the Way" – Ice MC
 * 13) "Mile End" – Pulp
 * 14) "For What You Dream Of" (Full On Renaissance Mix) – Bedrock featuring KYO
 * "2:1" – Elastica
 * 1) "Herzlich Tut Mich Verlangen" – Gábor Lehotka
 * 2) "A Final Hit" – Leftfield
 * 3) "Statuesque" – Sleeper
 * 4) "Born Slippy .NUXX" – Underworld
 * 5) "Closet Romantic" – Damon Albarn

^Two songs titled 'Temptation' feature in the movie and soundtracks 1 & 2, however they are completely different songs.

title: Trainspotting (soundtrack)


text:
User:DocOmega

M.D.

title: User:DocOmega


text:
Talk:List of FIPS region codes

source
Note: taken from U.S. Federal Government public domain resource at http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/fips10-4.html.

This list was machine-reformatted from the source HTML cited above, and needs some copyediting to bring up to scratch. -- Anon.

 * Question: Where are the countries of the former Soviet Union? -- The Anome 12:20, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

OK. I've just noticed the change notices. Oh dear, oh dear. A major revamp will have to follow. -- The Anome 11:51, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)

It's **baack**, this time with 3354 subnational regions, machine-generated from the latest GNS data. Clearly, more processing is needed before this can be fully interlinked with the existing structures, but the data here is good enough to start to expose to the world as a work-in-progress. More updates soon-- The Anome 19:20, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)

Context & good luck...
Good luck with transforming links such as into and could we have a bit more context without need to click thru to other pages ... I've started the process. Have fun & thanks for the list. --Tagishsimon (talk)
 * UKA1: London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, United Kingdom
 * UKA1: London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, United Kingdom

There is something wrong with Aireborough is part of Leeds. My guess is that it is many decades since it was a different place --Henrygb 19:36, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * UK00: Aireborough, United Kingdom

Regarding linking to other pages, it's on it's way However, a lot of rather fancy fuzzy pattern-matching is needed to do the necessary work, with manual review to catch the remaining misses. The last take on this got about 2/3 of them: I have a cunning plan to do better this time. To help me, I would greatly appreciate it if people could help translate the following words which denote types of areas into their conventional English names, as used in Wikipedia (I've already done a couple):

Amt Apskritis => County Autonoma => Autonomous Avtonomnyy => Autonomous Aymag => Province Baladiyat => Municipality Binh Bundesland => Federal state Bwrdeistref => Borough ("Bwrdeistref Sirol" = "County Borough") Changwat => Province Comunidad => Community Departamento => Department Departement => Department Distrikt => District Distrito => District Division => Division Dzongkhag => District Estado => State Fylke => County Gemeinde => Municipality Gobolka Gorod # Just appears to mean "town" or "city"... Gouvernorat => Governorate # Let's take a wild guess... Ili iProvense Judetul Kanton => Canton Khett Khoueng Kraj => land, territory Laani Lan Land Megye Mintaqah => Region Mintaqat => Region Muhafazat => Governorate Nakhon Negeri Nomos => Prefecture Oblast' => Oblast Oblast => Oblast    # there does not seem to be any correct translation Oblysy => Oblast Okrug => District Opstina Ostan-e Parroquia Propinsi Provincia => Province Provincie => Province Quang Quarter Raioni => District Raionul => District # Moldova Rajons => District # or possibly county? Rayonu => District Regione => Region Respublika => Republic Sahari Sheng Sirol (County (adjective) see Bwrdeistref, above) Tinh Velayat-e Viloyati Voblasts' => Oblast Wilayah => Province Wilaya => Province Wilayat => Province Wojewodztwo => Voivodship Zupanija

-- The Anome 20:16, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)

Note to self: OK, see also WikiProject_Subnational_entities/Naming, and also CIA World Factbook Field Listing - Administrative divisions -- The Anome 07:20, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)

Progress
OK, I now have a list of the names of about 4100 subnational entities with their proper English region classes (where translatable, a transliteration of the correct local name when not), based on a recently-updated copy of the CIA factbook data. Now to cross-reference this with:
 * 1) the GNS dataset
 * 2) the titles of Wikipedia articles

More to come...

-- The Anome 13:14, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)

First pass of the above, done. There are plenty of machine-generated solecisms in the output, but it is more complete and up-to-date than any previous data set here, and entirely machine-generated from the GNS data, CIA factbook data, and a list of Wikipedia articles. -- The Anome 19:45, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

Russia
I fixed the Moscow federal city entry (probably it was mistype). Just a question - we have 89 subentities in Russia, so why there is no entry for Ingushetia in the list? MaxiMaxiMax 04:09, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Naming
Why don't we use one of those: ? Tobias Conradi (Talk) 13:16, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * *XX:wikipia-article name (easy, and helps the user to navigate in WP)
 * *XX:FIPS name (correct)

 * Which FIPS code would that be? The one in the original FIPS 10-4, or the versions amended by change notices 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9? Or the version that is currently in the official GNS database, which is currently not quite the same as any of the above, but is meant to be the authoritative data, if not the authoritative spec? (Which appears to the current basis for this list). And which of the several alternate names stored in the FIPS database for many of the FIPS 10-4 regions should we use?

 * A plea: PLEASE DON'T ATTEMPT TO FIX THE FIPS ENCODINGS THEMSELVES BY HAND -- that's what computer programs are for. Instead, can we all please keep on filling in the slots with links to articles, redirects or stubs: this will enable a "correct" version to be finally manufactured, from all the data sources, and this list. -- Karada 14:51, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Which FIPS code would that be?
 * I was talking about names not codes. there are names on the website. of course allways ammended versions.
 * PLEASE DON'T ATTEMPT TO FIX THE FIPS ENCODINGS THEMSELVES BY HAND
 * why do you shout?
 * that's what computer programs are for
 * who's program?
 * all the rest I do not understand what you mean. what do you want to be manufactured? What is the relation to "Naming"? Tobias Conradi (Talk) 02:40, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Missing
UKH5: probably Leicestershire County, United Kingdom? -- Picapica 11:57, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes. Except that "Leicestershire County, United Kingdom" is a horrible usage, as is "Barking and Dagenham London Borough".  I'd like to see this replaced by the correct usage of "County of Leicestershire", "London Borough of Barking and Dagenham" etc, except I'm scared to make this correction because of the above warnings.  Morwen - Talk 10:03, 9 January 2006 (UTC)
 * This is a US coding system, so the chances of them understanding UK naming conventions is slim. In any case, isn't the correct non-tautological name "County of Leicester"? ;) Owain (talk) 10:20, 9 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, if you look at the actual list you'll see an absence of "Georgia State" and suchforth, and Ireland has "County X". I'm more worried about the autogeneration of the list.  Morwen - Talk 10:45, 9 January 2006 (UTC)
 * exactly because it is a US coding system - why bother too much with UK naming conventions? Tobias Conradi (Talk) 02:06, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

UK list
since Morwen's edit the list is not near alphabetic as before, what might be in turn harder to read. All(?) other countries have the name (without descriptor) in front, except for Ireland, where the descriptor is constantly "county". The removed subsections are actually mentioned in the FIPS standard and maybe can help the reader to understand the order of the entries. Tobias Conradi (Talk) 02:04, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

Afghanistan/ diacritics in general
I made an error in the edit summary  -fips uses diacritics. they just didn't exist in the basic list. Tobias Conradi (Talk) 02:11, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

New Zealand
The primary source is useless with respect to New Zealand:

In other words, the list is ridiculous not only because it is 16 years out of date, but because the 40 or so largest places in New Zealand at the time have been left off it. Try finding Wellington (the capital) or Auckland (the largest city).
 * The entities the list refers to are counties that were abolished in 1989.
 * Counties were only a small part of the local government structure, by far the majority of the population lived outside county boundaries in boroughs and cities. Boroughs and cities were not subordinate to counties, the county stopped where the borough began. In some cases the borough or city was an enclave, surrounded by a county, but for many of the biggest cities this was not the case.

Ben Arnold 23:26, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

splitting the list
i don't like splitting the list. was nice to have one central page. surveillance was easier. editing was not that difficult, because one could do it by section. Tobias Conradi (Talk) 20:13, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

Update needed
As this FIPS standard has been withdrawn, the article needs to be updated to refer to the standard in the past tense and the superseding standard needs to be referenced. —Danorton (talk) 18:40, 1 July 2009 (UTC)

Region codes in older versions of FIPS 10
On Eric Muller's site it has all the region codes from the various versions of FIPS 10-4 as well as one 10-3 revision. Does anyone have access to older versions of the standard, like e.g. 10-2, to see if there were region codes assigned in that version as well? In the codes for the Thai provinces it has one strange numbering which hints to a FIPS region code dating from nearly the beginning of the FIPS 10 standard. However there seem to be no online resources of these old standards to verify my guessing. andy (talk) 17:09, 21 December 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of FIPS region codes


text:
File:Turbidites.jpg

Originally from https://earthquake.usgs.gov/image_glossary/turbidites.html, now https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learning/glossary.php?term=turbidites

title: File:Turbidites.jpg


text: User talk:84.68.2.97

title: User talk:84.68.2.97


text:
Field encapsulation

In computer programming, field encapsulation involves providing methods that can be used to read from or write to the field rather than accessing the field directly. Sometimes these accessor methods are called getX and setX (where X is the field's name), which are also known as mutator methods. Usually the accessor methods have public visibility while the field being encapsulated is given private visibility - this allows a programmer to restrict what actions another user of the code can perform. Compare the following Java class in which the name field has not been encapsulated:

with the same example using encapsulation:

In the first example a user is free to use the public name variable however they see fit - in the second however the writer of the class retains control over how the private name variable is read and written by only permitting access to the field via its getName and setName methods.

Advantages

 * The internal storage format of the data is hidden; in the example, an expectation of the use of restricted character sets could allow data compression through recoding (e.g., of eight bit characters to a six bit code). An attempt to encode characters out of the range of the expected data could then be handled by casting an error in the set routine.
 * In general, the get and set methods may be produced in two versions - an efficient method that assumes that the caller is delivering appropriate data and that the data has been stored properly, and a debugging version that while slower, performs validity checks on data received and delivered. Such detection is useful when routines (calling or called) or internal storage formats are newly created or modified.
 * The location of the stored data within larger structures may be hidden and so enabling changes to be made to this storage without the necessity of changing the code that references the data. This also reduces the likelihood of unexpected side effects from such changes. This is especially advantageous when the accessors are part of an operating system (OS), a case where the calling (application) code may not be available to the developers of the OS.

Disadvantages
Access to a subroutine involves additional overhead not present when data is accessed directly. While this is becoming of less concern with the wide availability of fast general-purpose processors it may remain important in coding some real-time computing systems and systems using relatively slow and simple embedded processors. In some languages, like C++, the getter / setter methods are usually inline functions, so that when inlining is performed, the code looks just like direct field accessing.

title: Field encapsulation


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Burgundavia

Burgundavia
'''final (22/0/0) ending 9:00 19 April 2005 (UTC)

Burgundavia has 5170 edits. Maybe he might be qualified to carry a mop and a bucket of keys. (he says it is okay with him) -- Cimon 08:23, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Candidate please indicate acceptance of the nomination here

I accept the nomination. Burgundavia 11:19, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

Support
 * 1) Mike H 11:20, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) M e r o v i n g i a n  (t) (c) 11:31, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Support. Pavel Vozenilek 00:34, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Meelar (talk) 06:36, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Support, a valuable contributor. Sjakkalle 09:08, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Cool. This should be no big deal. JuntungWu 13:49, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Theo (Talk) 16:03, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Zzyzx11 | Talk 16:50, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Absolutely. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 17:00, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) Of course. Lst27 ( t a l k )  21:56, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Support- JCarriker 07:23, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * 12) Yup. Grutness|hello? [[Image:Grutness.jpg|25px|]] 00:59, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, yeah. Support.  No question. - Lucky 6.9 03:28, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Support--Duk 00:55, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Support. Dbiv 11:11, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Ooh, an easy one. Support. Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy)  21:44, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Slac  speak up!  04:03, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Good user. - Vague | Rant 09:45, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Support, easily. SchmuckyTheCat 14:36, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)  Burgundavia sometimes comes across other people's edit wars and his outside pressure of just making things consistent with whatever the meta-project is calming.
 * 4) Support. A good editor. SlimVirgin (talk) 21:03, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) __________! Neutralitytalk 23:26, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Kingturtle 02:59, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Oppose

Neutral

Comments
 * Burgundavia currently has 5223 total edits: 3117/94 to articles/talk, 759/38 to Wikipedia/talk, 625/5 to Category/talk, 134/266 to User/talk, 124 to Template, and 61 to Image. —Korath (Talk) 11:47, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A. I monitor new pages and look for copyvios and other things. I have not been as extensively involved as in the past, but maintain a low, but steady edit presence
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A. Primarily the WikiProject Airports. I have categorized and generally sheperded all 900+ airport in the English Wikipedia for about six months now.
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and will deal with it in the future?
 * A. I have disagreed with a few people, but none that have been longterm. The most recent is the current mess with China/ROC/Whatever they are calling it this week. I have pointedly stayed out of the fray, except where it spilled over into the airports. You can see Talk:Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport for the primary disagreement. Burgundavia 11:19, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Glen Ewen

Glen Ewen (2016 population: ) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Enniskillen No. 3 and Census Division No. 1. The village is located on the Canadian Pacific Railway just south of Provincial Highway 18. The towns of Carnduff and Oxbow are nearby.

The community was founded March 24, 1905 by a rail worker and Glen Ewen's first postmaster (Thomas Ewen). The town policy of tearing down any dwellings which have been vacated, combined with the current boom in the oilfield in this area, has resulted in a housing shortage for incoming workers. The school closed in November, 1989, and is now the Glen Ewen Communiplex.

In 2011, the new Glen Ewen Hotel opened, replacing the old hotel that had burned down in 2007.

History
Glen Ewen incorporated as a village on March 24, 1904.

In 1959, the now defunct Glen Ewen Eagles were among the four founding teams of the men's senior Big 6 Hockey League. They never won a championship.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Glen Ewen had a population of $159$ living in $64$ of its $70$ total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of $154$. With a land area of 2.59 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the Village of Glen Ewen recorded a population of living in  of its  total private dwellings, a NaN% change from its 2011 population of. With a land area of 2.77 km2, it had a population density of in 2016.

title: Glen Ewen


text:
Taoyuan County

Taoyuan County is under the administration of Changde, Hunan Province, China. The Yuan River, a tributary of the Yangtze, flows through Taoyuan. It covers an area of 4441 square kilometers, of which 895 km2 is arable land. It is 229 km from Zhangjiang Town, the county seat, to Changsha, the capital city of Hunan province. The county occupies the southwestern corner of Changde City and borders the prefecture-level cities of Zhangjiajie to the northwest and Huaihua to the southwest.

History
The area of present-day Taoyuan County belonged to the Chu state during the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, and was a portion of Linyuan County during the Western Han dynasty. In AD 50, the 26th year of Jianwu, the Eastern Han dynasty was merged with Yuannan County, and administered by the Wuling Prefecture, separating it from Linyuan County. In AD 783, the third year of Sui dynasty, Wuling County was created by annexing the three counties Linyuan, Yuannan, and Hanshou, administered by the Langzhou Prefecture.

In AD 963, the third year of the Song dynasty, Taoyuan County was officially established by separating a part of Wuling County. It was named after its famous Taohuayuan (桃花源), named after the fable "Peach Blossom Spring".

Its capital, Zhanjiang (now Zhanjiang Subdistrict), is situated on the northern bank of Yuan River (Yuanjiang).

Economy
Agricultural products include rice, wheat, edible oils, sesame seeds, peanuts, cotton, and tobacco. Manufactured products include machinery, textiles, chemicals, wood products, and leather goods. Local mines extract gold, silver, iron ore, and diamonds.

Education
Taoyuan has 123,000 students enrolled in its elementary schools, middle schools and high schools. 99.99% of children of compulsory education age are enrolled in schools, and 93.2% of children with disabilities are enrolled in schools.

Approximately 2000 high school graduates are admitted to colleges and universities each year.

The First Middle School of Taoyuan (桃源一中), which includes both a middle school and high school, is the most prestigious school in Taoyuan County.

Subdivisions
According to the result on adjustment of township-level administrative divisions of Taoyuan county on November 20, 2015, Taoyuan County had 18 towns and 10 townships under its jurisdiction in 2015. Five townships were reorganized as towns on December 28, 2016; Mutangyuan Township was reorganized as a town, Zhangjiang Town ceased to be a separate town, it was incorporated into two subdistricts in December 2017. The county has two subdistricts, 23 towns and four townships under its jurisdiction.

 * 2 subdistricts
 * Xunyang (浔阳街道)
 * Zhangjiang (漳江街道)
 * 23 towns
 * Cha'anpu (茶庵铺镇)
 * Guanyinsi (观音寺镇)
 * Huangshi (黄石镇)
 * Jianshi (剪市镇)
 * Jiaqiao (架桥镇)
 * Jiuxi (九溪镇)
 * Ligonggang (理公港镇)
 * Longtan (龙潭镇)
 * Mazongling (马鬃岭镇)
 * Mutangyuan (木塘垸镇)
 * Niuchehe (牛车河镇)
 * Pantang (盘塘镇)
 * Qihe (漆河镇)
 * Reshi (热市镇)
 * Sanyanggang (三阳港镇)
 * Shaping (沙坪镇)
 * Shuangxikou (双溪口镇)
 * Taohuayuan (桃花源镇)
 * Xi'an (西安镇)
 * Yangxiqiao (杨溪桥镇)
 * Yiwangxi (夷望溪镇)
 * Zhengjiayi (郑家驿镇)
 * Zoushi (陬市镇)
 * 2 townships
 * Niwotan (泥窝潭乡)
 * Shejiaping (佘家坪乡)
 * 2 Hui & Uyghur ethnic townships
 * Fengshu (枫树维吾尔族回族乡)
 * Qinglin (青林回族维吾尔族乡)

Geography
Taoyuan County is in the northwestern portion, 28.91667°N, 111.48333°W, of Hunan Province. It is 118 km from its northernmost point, LaoPeng village, Reshi Town, to its southernmost point, Shizi Ling, Xuejiachong village, Xi'an Town and 75 km from its easternmost post, Caoxiezhou, Renfeng village, Mutangyuan Township, to its westernmost post, Wanjiahe, Gaofeng village, Niuchehe Township. Its total area is 4441.22 km2, which is the fourth largest in Hunan Province. 895 km2 is arable land, the largest area of arable land in Hunan Province.

The agricultural landscape consists of: 13.4% alluvial plains of the Yuanjiang River, 49.3% hillocks, and 36.0% hills and mountains.

Climate
Taoyuan County is a transition zone from subtropical to north subtropical having a humid subtropical climate with seasonal prevailing winds. All four seasons are distinct.

The average annual temperature is 17.0 Celsius. The average temperature is 4.8 degrees Celsius in January and 28.4 degrees Celsius in July.

The average annual precipitation is 146 centimeters (58 inches), gradually decreasing from south to north. The annual average relative humidity is 81%; the annual sunshine length is 1531 hours and frost-free period lasts 284 days.

Demographics
Taoyuan County has a population of 976,000 composed of a dominant Han ethnic group and twelve other minority ethnic groups of: Hui, Uyghur, Tujia, Man, Dong, Zhuang and Yao. The Uyghur and Hui number more than 3000 people.

Taoyuan Uyghurs
Around 5,000 Uyghurs live around Taoyuan County and other parts of Changde. They are descended from a Uyghur leader Hala Bashi, from the Buddhist Uyghurs of Turpan (Kingdom of Qocho), who the Ming dynasty Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang sent to Hunan in the 14th century. Along with him came Uyghur soldiers from which the Hunan Uyghurs descend. During the 1982 census 4,000 Uyghurs were recorded in Hunan. They have genealogies from the period beginning 600 years ago to the present day. Keeping genealogical records is a Han Chinese custom which the Hunan Uyghurs adopted. These Uyghurs were given the surname Jian by the Emperor; they received a Chinese education. A prominent Hunan Uyghur was Jian Bozan (1898–1968) who was a member of the Chinese Communist Party.

The Uyghur troops led by Hala were ordered by the Ming Emperor to crush Miao rebellions and were given titles by him. Jian is the predominant surname among the Uyghur in Changde, and Hunan. Hala Bashi was given the title "Grand General of South-Pacifying Post of the Nation" by the Emperor  Another group of Uyghur have the surname Sai. Hui Muslims from the Hui Huang family of Xujiaqiao and Uyghur Jian family have intermarried in the Hunan area, and the Hui like the Hui Huang family of Xujiaqiao in Taoyuan were also used by the Ming Emperor to crush "barbarian" (Miao) revolts and the originally non-Muslim Uyghurs adopted Islam when intermarrying with Hui.

It is reported that they now number around 10,000 people.

Religious practice
There is some confusion as to whether Uyghurs in Changde practice Islam or not. Some scholars state that they do not practice Islam. Their genealogies indicate their Uyghur ancestry. Chinese news sources report that they are Muslim. Another report says they are not very religious, and eat pork. Older Uygurs disapprove of this, especially elders at the mosques in Changde, and they seek to draw them back to Islamic customs.

In addition to eating pork, the Uygurs of Changde Hunan practice other Han Chinese customs, like ancestor worship at graves. Some Uyghurs from Xinjiang visit the Hunan Uyghurs out of curiosity or interest. Also, the Uyghurs of Hunan do not speak the Uyghur language, instead, they speak Chinese as their native language, and Arabic for religious reasons at the mosque.

Language
The Taoyuan dialect was profoundly influenced by the northern dialect since the path used by government messengers, speaking the northern dialect, travelling to Yunnan and Guizhou from the Song to the Qing dynasty, passed through Taoyuan. It was also influenced by the dialects of central Jiangxi since substantial numbers of people from Jishui, Zhangshu, and Fengcheng of Jiangxi relocated to Taoyuan in succession from the Ming dynasty to the early Qing dynasty.

There are two types of accents in the Taoyuan dialect, one of which is called the native accent spoken in the central area of Taoyuan, including Zhangjiang Town, Zoushi Town, Qihe Town, Sanyanggang Town, and part of Jianshi Town; the other is called the periphery accent, spoken in the strip area bordering the other counties.

Taoyuan dialect is a fusion of the northern and Jiangxi dialects. Its accent is close to those of the Sichuan, Chongqing, and Hubei dialects. It is categorized as Southwestern Mandarin.

Culture
Taoyuan has its unique folk custom characteristics since it is located in a zone neighbouring surviving distinct ethnic groups.

In cooking, Lei cha (pounded tea), is a "five flavors soup" made by smashing a mixture of tea leaves, ginger, corn, meng beans and salt into a powder; it is popular drink in Taohuanyuan area. According to legend, Lei cha protected soldiers from pestilence caused by their inability to acclimatize to the environment in Taoyuan during the Eastern Han period when General Ma Yuan fought southward to Taoyuan.

Taoyuan has unique local operas. Wuling Opera is a popular local opera performed by professionals. Musty Notes received the National Artist Award for its performance and script writing. Nuo opera drama, called a "living fossil", is still widespread. The town of Sangyanggang is known as the home of Nuo Opera.

The Three Bar Drum, Yugu Drum, and string instruments are very popular as well.

Notable residents

 * Song Jiaoren (Apr 5, 1882 - Mar 22, 1913), a Chinese republican revolutionary, political leader and a founder of the Kuomintang.
 * Liu Kan (1906 – Mar 03, 1948), posthumously awarded rank of General of the Republic of China Army in 1953, was born in Zhengaotian village, Taohuanyuan Town.
 * Wang Qimei (, Dec 27, 1914—Aug 15, 1967), awarded rank of Major General of PLA in 1955, was born in Wangjiaping village, Sanyanggang Town.
 * Jian Bozan (1898-Dec 18, 1968), a prominent Marxist historian, Vice President of Beijing University from 1952 to 1968, was born in Huiwei village, Fengshu Uyghur Autonomous Township.
 * You Rizheng (1949 – May 25, 2002), second legislator of Taoyuan County, former mayor of Longtan District, and member of the second Legislative Yuan from 1993 to 1996.

Tourist attractions
The Taohuayuan Scenic Area is a park modelled after the Peach Blossom Spring fable, (桃花源), about a land secluded from the outside mortal world depicted as an idyllic shangri-la by Tao Yuanming, (365–427), an Eastern Jin dynasty poet.

title: Taoyuan County


text:
Mesoplanet

Mesoplanets are planetary-mass objects with sizes smaller than Mercury but larger than Ceres. The term was coined by Isaac Asimov. Assuming size is defined in relation to equatorial radius, mesoplanets should be approximately 500 km to 2,500 km in radius.

History
The term was coined in Asimov's essay "What's in a Name?", which first appeared in the Los Angeles Times in the late 1980s and was reprinted in his 1990 book Frontiers; the term was later revisited in his essay, "The Incredible Shrinking Planet" which appeared first in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction and then in the anthology The Relativity of Wrong (1988).

Asimov noted that the Solar System has many planetary bodies (as opposed to the Sun and natural satellites) and stated that lines dividing "major planets" from minor planets were necessarily arbitrary. Asimov then pointed out that there was a large gap in size between Mercury, the smallest planetary body that was considered to be undoubtedly a major planet, and Ceres, the largest planetary body that was considered to be undoubtedly a minor planet. Only one planetary body known at the time, Pluto, fell within the gap. Rather than arbitrarily decide whether Pluto belonged with the major planets or the minor planets, Asimov suggested that any planetary body that fell within the size gap between Mercury and Ceres be called a mesoplanet, because mesos means "middle" in Greek. ... my own suggestion is that everything from Mercury up be called a major planet; everything from Ceres down be called a minor planet; and everything between Mercury and Ceres be called a "mesoplanet" (from a Greek word for "intermediate"). At the moment, Pluto is the only mesoplanet known. — I. Asimov (1988)

Today, the known objects that would be included by this definition are Pluto,, , , , , probably , and perhaps. These eight, together with Ceres, are the objects astronomers generally agree are dwarf planets (though with some doubt regarding Orcus); other smaller bodies have been proposed, but astronomers disagree about their dwarf planethood.

title: Mesoplanet


text:
Wah Fu

Wah Fu is an area located in Southern District, on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong.

Wah Fu mainly consists of the public housing estates, Wah Fu Estate and Wah Kwai Estate. They were built near Waterfall Bay (瀑布灣) and Kellett Bay (雞籠灣).

The area also has a notable beach known as Waterfall Bay (瀑布灣). It is long believed that the waterfall at Waterfall Bay Park attracted British ships coming to Hong Kong to fetch fresh water after their long journey.

Transport
Transport is primarily by bus and minibus. More than thirty bus routes pass through the area. Wah Fu station, of the proposed South Island line West Section of the MTR will be in Wah Fu.

title: Wah Fu


text: File:Augustaairport.jpg

title: File:Augustaairport.jpg


text:
Jake Burton Carpenter

Jake Burton Carpenter (April 29, 1954 – November 20, 2019), occasionally also known as Jake Burton or Jakie, was an American snowboarder, founder of Burton Snowboards, and one of the inventors of the modern day snowboard. A native of New York, he grew up in Cedarhurst, New York.

Biography
Carpenter's high school education began in Brooks School North Andover, Massachusetts. After graduating from The Marvelwood School, at that time in Cornwall, Connecticut, he enrolled at the University of Colorado at Boulder. An avid skier, Carpenter hoped to join the university's ski team who were the reigning NCAA champions at the time, however his competitive skiing career ended after a serious automobile crash. After several years away from college, he resumed his studies at New York University, graduating with a degree in economics.

After college, Carpenter briefly worked for a small investment banking firm in Manhattan before growing tired of the 12-hour work days. He felt the call to return to the slopes. Working from a barn in Londonderry, Vermont, he improved on the Snurfer, a snowboard precursor which featured a rope to allow the rider some basic control over the board. In his interview with NPR's "How I Built This" when initially selling his snowboards, he said, "I remember once going out with 38 snowboards, visiting dealers in New York State and came back with 40 because one guy gave me two back he had bought." By the late-1970s, he was among a small cadre of manufacturers who had begun selling snowboards with design features such as a bentwood laminate core and a rigid binding which held the board firmly to the wearer's boot. In 1979, Carpenter won the Open Division and a $300 prize at the National Snurfing Contest in Muskegon, Michigan. Burton is credited with developing the economic ecosystem around snowboarding as a lifestyle, sport and culture, in addition to founding a premier board manufacturer. Burton has been one of the world's largest snowboard and snowboarding-equipment manufacturers since the late 1980s.

"Burton Snowboards" have several trademarked and copyrighted features that were filed under his name.

Carpenter's wife, Donna, served as CEO until 2020. He saw value in having women in positions of authority and leadership within the privately held company.

Personal life
Carpenter resided in Stowe, Vermont, with his wife, Donna.

On February 17, 1967, Carpenter's brother, Corporal George Carpenter died serving in Vietnam. Four years later, in 1971, Carpenter's mother Katherine died of leukemia leaving behind Carpenter, his father, and two sisters.

Carpenter met his future wife Donna Lynn Gaston, then a student at Barnard College, at a 1981 New Year's Eve party at the Mill Tavern in Londonderry, Vermont. She is the owner, chairwoman and, upon Burton's death, former CEO of the snowboard company Burton. Gaston was originally from New York City but traveled from New York to the house in Manchester, Vermont where Jake was making the prototypes of snowboards. The dining room was his store and the basement was where the boards got packed for shipping. On May 21, 1983, they married in Greenwich, Connecticut.

By 1985, Carpenter and his wife moved to Austria to create a European base, where his wife focused on the distribution arm.

About four years later, they had their first child in Rutland, Vermont. Their second son was born in Burlington and their third son was born in 1996.

Jake Burton Carpenter was a member of the Vermont Sports Hall of Fame. Carpenter survived several health scares in his later years: knee injuries, testicular cancer, pulmonary embolism and notably, the Miller Fisher variant of Guillain–Barré syndrome, a rare and serious neurological disorder. Carpenter died November 20, 2019, in Burlington, Vermont, after announcing recurrence of his cancer to Burton staff earlier in the month.

title: Jake Burton Carpenter