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Celestial Movies

Celestial Movies (天映频道) is an Asian 24-hour Chinese movie channel, which screens films from and shows interviews with movie stars and directors, entertainment news and film award ceremonies. The channel is available in 11 territories across Asia Pacific, including Mainland China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and other countries in Asia.

Due to an agreement between Celestial Tiger Entertainment and Astro Holding Sdn Bhd, the channel didn't appear on other TV providers in Malaysia until 1 October 2021, when the channel launched in Unifi TV on channel 288 as a replacement for Star Chinese Movies due to Disney's pay TV closure.

Movie line-up
The channel features Chinese movies from regional film studios such as Media Asia, Emperor Motion Pictures, Filmko Pictures, Orange Sky Golden Harvest, CJ Entertainment and Toho.

Scheduling
On weeknights, movies are scheduled by genres: namely Drama Monday, Action Tuesday, Comedy Wednesday, Bromance Thursday and Fantasy Friday. During Saturday and Sunday nights, Celestial Movies showcases blockbusters and first-run movies.

Other programmes include news of movie and film-festival from around the globe, documentaries and shorts. Celestial also produces a number of original behind-the-scenes programmes such as: Celestial Cameos, Director To Director, Celestial Express and Star Talk.

Celestial Classic Movies
Celestial Classic Movies (CCM) is a 24-hour pay-TV movie channel screening Chinese classic movies from the Shaw Brothers library and other film libraries. For best visual and sound quality, all Shaw Brothers movies are digitally restored to match the original cinematic prints.

Celestial Movies Pinoy (Philippines)
Celestial Tiger Entertainment has teamed with Viva Communications to create Celestial Movies Pinoy, a localized Philippines version of CTE’s Chinese film channel Celestial Movies. The channel was launched on January 1, 2016 on the basic tier of DTH satellite provider Cignal TV. Movies and on-air presentations are dubbed in a mixture of Tagalog and English. Their programming is a mix of Chinese-language movies and TV series, behind-the-scenes specials, interviews with Chinese talent and thematic programming centered around superstars or popular genres.

Celestial Movies Asia
Celestial Movies Asia (CMA) was a 24-hour pay-TV movie channel that featured movies from the Celestial Movies and Celestial Classic Movies channels in Asia. With a choice of more than 100 titles from Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, Mainland China, Taiwan, Thailand, and Singapore every month, CMA offered Asian cinema and premieres a variety of regional movies. Every Saturday night, CMA showcases Asian blockbusters of selected topics or genre. While on every Sunday night, CMA broadcasts the latest or even non-screened Asian movies exclusively in Celestial Asia Premiere.

Celestial Movies Asia has since rebranded to Celestial Movies in Hong Kong since 15 February 2011.

Singtel and Celestial Tiger Entertainment, the owner of the Celestial Movies network made a carrier deal to launch CM+ on 1 October 2021 at 1200 hrs SGT, officially replacing the former cHK channel and currently exclusive to Singapore, serves as alternative to the currently closed Star Chinese Movies due to Disney's pay TV closure.

title: Celestial Movies


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Whitbread

Whitbread is a British multinational hotel and restaurant company headquartered in Houghton Regis, England.

The business was founded as a brewery in 1742, and had become the largest brewery in the world by the 1780s.

Its largest division is currently Premier Inn, which is the largest hotel brand in the UK with over 785 hotels and 72,000 rooms. Until January 2019 it owned Costa Coffee but sold it to The Coca-Cola Company. Whitbread's brands include the restaurant chains Beefeater, Brewers Fayre and Table Table.

Whitbread is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

Origins
The business was formed in 1742 when Samuel Whitbread formed a partnership with Godfrey and Thomas Shewell and acquired a small brewery at the junction of Old Street and Upper Whitecross Street and another brewhouse for pale and amber beers in Brick Lane, Spitalfields. Godfrey Shewell withdrew from the partnership as Thomas Shewell and Samuel Whitbread bought the large site of the derelict King's Head brewery in Chiswell Street in 1750. The new brewery was for the specific production of porter, and was renamed the Hind Brewery after the Whitbread family coat of arms.

While not the first to discover Porter production, Whitbread was the first to exploit it commercially on a large scale. This coincided with an increase in beer consumption in the UK, following regulations to limit the sale of gin owing to the excesses of the Gin Craze. By 1758 production at Chiswell street was 65,000 barrels and the firm had become the largest firm of Porter brewers in the UK. From the outset, Whitbread was the leading financial partner, and solely responsible for management, and in 1761, Whitbread acquired Shewell's share of the business for £30,000.

By the 1780s Whitbread had become the largest brewery in the world. In 1796 the company produced 202,000 barrels of porter. The firm struggled after the death of Samuel Whitbread Sr, and saw ownership transfer to his son, also called Samuel Whitbread. The company adopted the name Whitbread & Co Ltd in 1799.

By the 1810s, Samuel Whitbread Jnr had brought in several new investment partners including his cousin Jacob Whitbread and the Master Brewer John Martineau (four of his descendants would later sit on the board of Whitbread, including John Edmund Martineau). In 1812, the company merged with the Martineau Brewery holdings and by 1816, leadership was shared between William Henry Whitbread (Samuel Whitbread Jnrs son) and John Martineau, who died in an industrial accident in a yeast vat in the brewery in 1834. By 1870, the company had begun producing bottled beers for sale and continued to expand production. On 24th July 1889, the company become a registered limited liability company.

20th century

By 1905, the Chiswell Street brewery reached its largest extent and annual production throughout the company breweries had reached nearly 700,000 barrels. Production decreased during the First World War with Whitbread brewing over 575,000 barrels in 1917.

In the 1920s and 1930s, the company bought out several other brewers, including the Forest Hill Brewery and its pubs, and later the Kent Brewery Frederick Leney & Sons, with 130 of its pubs. The company was also reorganised under the leadership of Sir Sydney Neville and introduced new ales, including Double Brown ale. Whitbread ended regular production of porter in 1940 due to its declining popularity and a need to rationalise its product range following Second World War damage to its brewery sites. 565 Whitbread pubs were also extensively damaged in the war, primarily during the Blitz.

The company was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1948 following a decision by the principal owners to take the company public under the direction of WH (Bill) Whitbread. The next three decades saw Whitbreads merged with over a dozen other regional breweries, including Tennant Brothers of Sheffield in 1961 and Brickwoods in 1971. Between 1961 and 1971, Whitbread's output increased from 46 to 160 million imperial gallons (2.1 to 7.4 million hectolitres) and it became Britain's third-largest brewer by output.

In 1971, Whitbread inaugurated the Whitbread Book Awards. The next year, Whitbread became the initiating sponsor of the Whitbread Round the World Race, a sailing yacht race around the world held every three years. Whitbread sponsored the race until 2001. In 1973, the company purchased Long John International, a Scottish distiller whose brands included Laphroaig whisky and Plymouth gin. Later spirit acquisitions, also included the distiller James Burrough and the brand Beefeater Gin which was later sold.

Whitbread acquired a 20% stake in TVS for £6.5M from European ferries in April 1984. By 1982, the company turnover exceeded £1 billion for the first time. In 1984, Samuel Charles Whitbread became chairman and a reorganisation of the company took place into separate divisions; the spirits arm, including Laphroaig was sold to Allied Distillers in 1989.

The company diversified into other hospitality holdings and invested in new ventures in the 1980s and 1990s, including Beefeater, Pizza Hut, Berni Inns, Heineken Steak Bars and TGI Fridays. In the early 1990s, Whitbread was required to sell almost 2,500 pubs, as a result of the 1992 Supply of Beer (Tied Estate) orders.

In July 1996, Whitbread purchased the Pelican Group (comprising 110 restaurants under the Dôme, Mamma Amalfi and, primarily, Café Rouge brands) for £133m, and in November 1996, Whitbread acquired the restaurant group BrightReasons (owner of brands including Bella Pasta and Pizzaland) for £46m.

21st century

In 2001, Whitbread decided to sell all its breweries and brewing interests (Whitbread Beer Company) to Interbrew, now known as InBev. Whitbread-branded alcoholic beverages are still available in the UK, such as canned Whitbread bitter, but these are not produced by InBev, but rather under licence by other producers. InBev controls the use of the Whitbread brand and the hind's head logo for use on beverages. In 2002 Whitbread sold its pub estate, known as the Laurel Pub Company, to Enterprise Inns, and sold its Pelican and BrightReasons restaurant groups for £25m to Tragus Holdings (later renamed Casual Dining Group). The Whitbread & Co brewery building at 52 Chiswell Street in London still survives, although beer ceased to be brewed there in 1976 and it is now a conference and events venue. Still named "The Brewery", it was part of the Earls Court and Olympia Group from 2005 to 2012, when it was subsequently sold to a private investor.

In 2005, it moved its core operations from CityPoint in central London, to Oakley House in Luton, and then, in 2006, to larger offices at Whitbread Court in Dunstable. In 2006, it went on to sell 239 of its 271 Beefeater and Brewers Fayre sites to Mitchells & Butlers, who rebranded them into Harvester, Toby Carvery and a selection of other brands.

In 2013, as part of the 2013 horse meat scandal, DNA tests ordered by Whitbread revealed that horsemeat was present in some meat products sold in outlets owned by the company, at the time Britain's biggest hotel group. On 26 February 2013 Whitbread vowed to remedy the unacceptable situation.

In 2018, Whitbread faced pressure from two of its largest shareholders, hedge fund Sachem Head and activist group Elliott Advisers, to break itself up by splitting off the Costa Coffee chain, the theory being the individual businesses would be worth up to 40% more than the current market capital value. On 25 April 2018, Whitbread announced its intention to demerge Costa. On 31 August 2018, it announced that The Coca-Cola Company had agreed to buy Costa Coffee for £3.9bn.

In September 2020, the company announced that they would be cutting jobs, warning that 6,000 staff could lose employment. The company blamed the cuts on a slump in hotel guest numbers since the beginning of the UK's lockdown in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Current operations
Whitbread's principal current operations are:

Premier Inn
Premier Inn is the UK's largest budget hotel chain, with over 750 hotels.

Table Table
Table Table is a UK restaurant brand. They started as converted Brewers Fayre restaurants. The brand was originally set up in 2006 unnamed; the name Table Table was launched in May 2008. There are around 100 sites in the UK.

Beefeater
Beefeater was launched in 1974. The chain underwent a huge revamp in the early 2000s. It then proceeded to change its name to "Beefeater Grill" for a period but in 2014 reverted to "Beefeater". Beefeater has 140 restaurants across the UK.

Brewers Fayre

Brewers Fayre is a pub-restaurant brand which was created in 1979. The pubs are designed to look and feel like traditional local pubs but with a particularly strong family presence. There are around 145 pubs across the country.

Whitbread Inns
The Whitbread Inns brand of restaurants was created by Whitbread in 2014. In January 2016 there were 13 pubs (all of which were Table Table) across central and southern England.

Former operations
Whitbread's former operations include:
 * Costa Coffee, was founded in London in 1971 by the brothers Sergio and Bruno Costa as a wholesale operation supplying roasted coffee to caterers and specialist Italian coffee shops. Acquired by Whitbread in 1995, it had since grown to over 2,861 stores across 30 countries. In August 2018, Whitbread announced that it would sell Costa Coffee to The Coca-Cola Company in a deal worth £3.9bn. The acquisition was completed on 3 January 2019 following a $4.9 billion transaction, with approval from regulatory authorities in the EU and China.
 * Brewsters, a brand created in 1999. The emphasis was on families and most sites had been built as Brewers Fayre, this was to give Brewers Fayre a more adult feel.
 * Taybarns, an all-you-can-eat American buffet-style restaurant. There were six sites in England and one (the very first site at Swansea) in Wales.
 * Britvic, a large UK manufacturer of soft drinks, producing brands such as J2O, Robinson's and Tango as well as Pepsi in the UK and Ireland.
 * Marriott hotels and clubs in the UK, sold to brand owner Marriott Corporation.
 * TGI Friday's – Whitbread originally held the UK franchise rights to the American restaurant chain TGI Friday's. The restaurants are known for their "over the top" American style and are popular with teenagers for birthday parties. It is also noted for its cocktails including a top-selling Long Island Iced Tea. On 17 January 2007 Whitbread announced that the franchise rights for TGI Friday's were being sold to a joint venture between Carlson Restaurants Worldwide Inc and ABN AMRO Capital for £70.4m.
 * Pizza Hut UK, sold to brand owner Yum!
 * David Lloyd Leisure – Whitbread ran more than 50 David Lloyd Leisure (DLL) clubs in the UK and Ireland with a further number in Spain, the Netherlands and Belgium. DLL is Britain's biggest tennis operator and manages more than 500 tennis courts. On 4 July 2007, Whitbread announced that it had conditionally agreed to sell the David Lloyd Leisure chain to Versailles Bidco Limited for £925 million. Whitbread will initially use the proceeds from its sale to pay off debt.
 * Hogshead, a group of town-centre pubs, similar to Wetherspoons, became part of the Laurel Pub Company in 2001.
 * Threshers, a chain of off licences.
 * Germany: Churasco, owned since 1990, and Maredo, owned since 1994; in 1999 the Churasco restaurants had been transformed into Maredo-branded ones; Maredo was sold in 2005.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Whitbread


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Barry Zaid

Barry Zaid (born June 8, 1938) is a graphic artist and designer.

Zaid has contributed covers and drawings to numerous magazines and newspapers including Canadian publications The Globe and Mail, the Star Weekly, Chatelaine, Toronto Life and Maclean's; the Australian edition of Vogue; British magazines such as British Vogue, The Times, Queen, and The Sunday Times; the French Mademoiselle Age Tendre; and numerous American publications, including The New York Times, Time, Audience, TV Guide, Woman's Day, National Lampoon, Esquire, Sesame Street Magazine, New York magazine, Seventeen, McCalls, Highlights for Children, and Denver Magazine.

In addition, Zaid has designed several billboards for 7-Up, and hundreds of logos, including Miami Beach Sports, Upper Crust Sandwich Shop, The Dawg House, Florida Bay Mortgage, The Conch Farm, Chateau Le Chat, and The Market Company, and packaging for Kleenex tissues, Celestial Seasonings Herb Teas, Florence Gunnarson Perfumed Essentials, Captain Condom, Tropical Delicious, Tropic Lines (Jamaica), We Take The Cake, and Granny Bear Honey.

Education
Born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Zaid studied English, Architecture and Archaeology at the University of Toronto (1957–1961). While a student, he designed posters for the Hart House Theatre and Neptune Theatre in Halifax, Nova Scotia and had a one man show of drawings and paintings at Toronto's Pollock Gallery in 1961.

Career
After graduating, he worked in a design studio (Rapier Arts Ltd.) in London, England and traveled throughout Europe (1961–1962). Following his return to Canada, he worked as a freelance graphic designer and illustrator and as a studio art director (Colopy Associates) in Toronto (1963–66). He then returned to London where he freelanced for two years, represented by Artist Partners Ltd. (1966–68), before joining the New York design consortium Push Pin Studios, (principals: Seymour Chwast and Milton Glaser) with whom he worked for six years (1969–75). His work appeared in the exhibition, 'The Push Pin Style' in the Museum of Decorative Arts of the Louvre, Paris, France, as well as numerous cities in Europe, Brazil and Japan (1970–72). In 1975, he traveled to Scotland, where he lived at the Findhorn Foundation commune, then lived in Bienne, Switzerland where he worked with Swiss ceramist, Lou Schmidt, Amsterdam, and Pondicherry, India where he designed the facade of a girls' school residence.

From 1979–87, he lived in Boulder, Colorado, where, as creative director, he created trendsetting packaging for Celestial Seasonings Herb Teas, posters for the Colorado Music Festival, and decorative hand crafted furniture for Bunnyville Studios Inc. He returned to Manhattan in (1987–92) where he pursued his career illustrating publications, wrote and designed a book "Wish You Were Here" (Crown Publishing). In 1992, he moved his studio to Miami Beach, Florida, where he produced graphics for The Miami Beach Chamber of Commerce, The Market Company and Proper Sausages, and decorative packaging for We Take The Cake and Florence Gunnarson Perfumed Essentials. In 2014, he traveled to San Miguel de Allende, Mexico, to develop a line of colorful housewares and complete his forthcoming illustrated children's book, "The Little Square ABC Of Things To Be."

Teaching
From 1976–68, Zaid taught at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia. He has also taught at New York's School of Visual Arts and Parson's School of Design, the Rocky Mountain School of Art in Denver, Colorado, and The Miami Ad School in Miami Beach.

Awards
Zaid's illustrated Chicken Little (New York, NY: Random House, 1973), was awarded a Gold Medal by the Society of Illustrators.

title: Barry Zaid


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Roy Forbes

Roy Charles Forbes (born February 13, 1953) is a Canadian folk music singer-songwriter, whose music bears heavy influences from classic American genres of acoustic blues and traditional country. Forbes is known for his high soulful voice and percussive guitar playing.

Early life and education
Forbes was born and grew up in Dawson Creek, British Columbia. He learned to play guitar at age 14, and had the childhood nickname, "Bim".

Career
Forbes, calling himself "Bim," began his musical career in Vancouver in 1971 after winning a "Battle of the Bands" competition in Dawson Creek. Initially, he appeared as the opening act for such groups as Supertramp and Santana, but soon came to headline and sell out his own shows. His song "Can't Catch Me", from his first LP Kid Full of Dreams, was released as a single and hit the Top 10 in several major Canadian markets. His third LP "Thistles" was produced by Emitt Rhodes and featured Mac Cridlin, David Foster, Bob Glaub, Penny Nichols, Jeff Porcaro, Ron Tutt, Blue Williams and Jai Winding. Forbes has appeared as a headliner in most of Canada's major folk music festivals. In 1984, he toured in the US with fellow Canadian Ferron, with whom he performed a duet on the song "Proud Crowd/Pride Cried" for her album, Shadows on a Dime. In 1987, he began performing and recording as Roy Forbes.

He is also a member of the supergroup UHF, together with Shari Ulrich and Bill Henderson.

Songs written by Forbes have been recorded by Sylvia Tyson, Garnet Rogers, Valdy, and Susan Jacks.

Since 2006, Forbes has hosted a weekly radio program called "Roy's Record Room" on the CKUA Radio Network in Alberta. He previously hosted a program known as "Snap Crackle Pop" on CBC Radio across Canada from 1996 to 2009. Both programs feature songs taken from his extensive collection of vintage records.

as Bim

 * Kid Full of Dreams (1975) (#72 Canada)
 * Raincheck on Misery (1976) (#59 Canada)
 * Thistles (1978)
 * Anything You Want (1982)
 * New Songs for an Old Celebration with Connie Kaldor (1985)

as Roy Forbes

 * Love Turns to Ice (1987)
 * The Human Kind (1992)
 * Almost Overnight (1995)
 * Crazy Old Moon (1998)
 * Some Tunes For That Mother Of Mine (2006)
 * Strikin' Matches – LIVE! (2014)
 * Edge of Blue (2020)

with UHF

 * UHF (1990)
 * UHF II (1994)

title: Roy Forbes


text: User talk:69.76.240.154

title: User talk:69.76.240.154


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Elisabeth of France, Queen of Spain

Elisabeth of France or Isabella of Bourbon (22 November 1602 – 6 October 1644) was Queen of Spain from 1621 to her death and Queen of Portugal from 1621 to 1640, as the first spouse of King Philip IV & III. She served as regent of Spain during the Catalan Revolt in 1640–42 and 1643–44.

Childhood
Elisabeth was born at Château de Fontainebleau on 22 November 1602, the eldest daughter of King Henry IV of France and his second wife, Marie de' Medici. According to the court, her mother showed a cruel indifference to her, because she had believed the prophecy of a nun who assured her that she would give birth to three consecutive sons.

Shortly after her birth, she was betrothed to Philip Emmanuel, Prince of Piedmont, son and heir of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, by Catherine Michaela, daughter of King Philip II of Spain. However, Philip Emmanuel died of smallpox in 1605.

As a daughter of the King of France, she was born a Fille de France. As the eldest daughter of the king, she was known at court by the traditional honorific of Madame Royale. The early years of Madame Royale were spent under the supervision of the royal governess Françoise de Montglat at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, a quiet place away from the Parisian court, in which she shared education and games with her legitimate siblings, as well as illegitimate half-siblings; children who were the result of her father's constant love affairs. Besides the Dauphin Louis, the other Enfants de France (Henry IV's legitimate children) were Christine Marie, later Duchess of Savoy; Nicholas Henri, Duke of Orléans, who died in infancy; Gaston, Duke of Orléans; and Henrietta Maria, later Queen of England. When King Henry IV was assassinated outside the Palais du Louvre in Paris on 14 May 1610, her brother the Dauphin (with whom Elisabeth had a very close relationship) succeeded him to the throne as King Louis XIII of France under the regency of their mother Marie de' Medici.

In 1612, when Elisabeth was ten years old, negotiations were begun for a double marriage between the royal families of France and Spain; Elisabeth would marry the Prince of Asturias (the future Philip IV of Spain) and her brother Louis, the Spanish Infanta Anne.

Marriage
After her proxy marriage to the Prince of Asturias and Louis's proxy marriage to the Infanta Anne, Elisabeth and her brother met their respective spouses for the first time on 25 November 1615 on Pheasant Island, a small island in the River Bidassoa that divides France and Spain between the French city of Hendaye and the Spanish city of Fuenterrabía. This was the last time Louis would see his sister. In Spain, Elisabeth's French name took on the Spanish form of Isabel. The religious ceremony took place in the Cathedral of Saint Mary of Burgos. At the time of her marriage, the thirteen-year-old Isabel became the new Princess of Asturias.

This marriage followed a tradition of cementing military and political alliances between the Catholic powers of France and Spain with royal marriages. The tradition went back to 1559 with the marriage of King Philip II of Spain with the French princess Elisabeth of Valois, the daughter of King Henry II of France, as part of the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis. The Exchange of the Princesses at the Spanish Border was painted by Peter Paul Rubens as part of his Marie de' Medici cycle.

Queen
Elisabeth was renowned for her beauty, intelligence and noble personality, which made her very popular in Spain. In 1621, the couple had ascended to the throne of Spain upon the death of Philip III of Spain. The new queen of Spain was aware that her husband had mistresses.

Elisabeth herself was the subject of rumors about her relations with the noted poet Peralta (Juan de Tassis, 2nd Count of Villamediana), who was her gentleman-in-waiting. On 14 May 1622, a fire broke out while the Peralta masque La Gloria de Niquea was being acted before the court. Peralta carried the queen to a place of safety, which caused suspicion about their relationship to deepen. Peralta neglected a significant warning that his life was in peril, and "he was murdered as he stepped out of his coach. The responsibility for his death was divided between Philip IV and Olivares" (at the time, prime minister and king's favorite).

She was regent of Spain during the Catalan Revolt and supported the Duke of Nochera against the Count-Duke of Olivares in favor of an honorable withdrawal from the Catalan Revolt.

Prior to 1640, the queen does not appear to have had much influence over state affairs, which was largely entrusted to Olivares. Elisabeth did not get along with Olivares, who reportedly assisted Philip IV in his adultery, and prevented her from achieving any political influence and once famously remarked, when she presented a political view to the king, that priests existed to pray as well as queens existed to give birth.

Between 1640 and 1642, Elisabeth served as regent for the king in his absence during the Catalan revolt and was given very good marks for her efforts. She was reputed to have influenced the fall of Olivares as a part of a "women's conspiracy" alongside the duchess of Mantua, Ana de Guevara, María de Ágreda and her chief lady-in-waiting Luisa Manrique de Lara, Countess Paredes de Nava.

The fall of Olivares made the king consider her his only political partner, and when the king left again for the front in 1643, Elisabeth was again appointed regent assisted by Juan Chumacero Carrillo y Sotomayor. Her second regency was also well received, and she was credited by the king for her efforts to provide vital supplies for the troops as well as for her negotiations with the banks to provide finances for the army, offering her own jewelry as security. It was rumored that she was intending to follow the example of Queen Isabella the Catholic and lead her own army to retake Badajoz.

The Queen died in Madrid on 6 October 1644 at the age of forty-one, leaving two children: Balthasar Charles and Maria Theresa. After her death, her husband married his niece Mariana of Austria. Elisabeth's last child, Infanta Maria Theresa of Spain, would later become queen of France as the wife of her nephew, the future Louis XIV. Unlike her husband and sister-in-law, she would not see the wedding that cemented the peace between her homeland and adopted country, Spain; the countries would be at war until 1659. One of her great-grandsons, Philip, Duke of Anjou, became King Philip V of Spain, and through him, Elisabeth is an ancestor of the subsequent Spanish monarchs.

Issue

 * Maria Margaret of Austria, Infanta of Spain (14 August 1621 – 15 August 1621), died in infancy
 * Margaret Maria Catherine of Austria, Infanta of Spain (25 November 1623 – 22 December 1623), died in infancy
 * Maria Eugenia of Austria, Infanta of Spain (21 November 1625 – 21 August 1627), died in infancy
 * Isabella Maria Theresa of Austria, Infanta of Spain (31 October 1627 – 1 November 1627), died in infancy
 * Balthasar Charles of Austria, Infante of Spain, Prince of Asturias (17 October 1629 – 9 October 1646), Prince of Asturias.
 * Maria Anna Antonia Dominica Jacinta of Austria, Infanta of Spain (17 January 1636 – 5 December 1636), died in infancy
 * Maria Theresa of Austria, Infanta of Spain (10 September 1638 – 30 July 1683), married Louis XIV of France and had issue.

Elisabeth also suffered at least three miscarriages:
 * A miscarried daughter (16 November 1626)
 * A miscarried daughter (1640)
 * A miscarried son (1644)

title: Elisabeth of France, Queen of Spain


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Almanac (American TV series)

Almanac is a weekly public affairs television program produced by Twin Cities Public Television (TPT) in Saint Paul, Minnesota, and distributed to other channels around the state via the Minnesota Public Television Association. It has aired weekly on Friday nights since December 7, 1984.

Format

A 90-second monologue, typically by a local humorist, was originally presented near the beginning of each edition of the show. It now occurs in the middle of the program. Some monologists who have made many appearances include Dr. Mark DePaolis, James Lileks, Jim Ragsdale, Dominic Papatola, Roy Finden, Kevyn Berger, Carol Falkowski, and J.G. Preston (an employee of the show until his departure in 2005).

Members of the leadership in the Minnesota House of Representatives and Minnesota Senate frequently appear during their tenures. Guest political analysts include educators, lobbyists, and former legislators. Frequent panelists of recent years include David Strom from the Minnesota Free Market Institute, former Minnesota State Senator Fritz Knaak, Republican lobbyist Sarah Janecek, former press secretary for former U.S. senator Norm Coleman Andy Brehm, DFL lobbyist-turned-educator Wy Spano, former DFL legislator Ember Reichgott Junge, and University of Minnesota professors Hy Berman (history), Kathryn Pearson, and Larry Jacobs (political science).

The end of the show features an "Index File" trivia question, though it sometimes gets cut if the show runs long. Credits run over show-ending music, sometimes live but often pulled from TPT's library of musical recordings dating back to the 1970s.

A live broadcast to celebrate the series's 20th anniversary in April 2005 was transmitted in HDTV. TPT claimed it was the first live high-definition broadcast in the area.

Since the show's inception, its theme song has been "Anthem Internationale" from Dave Grusin's 1982 album Out of the Shadows.

Presenters
Longtime hosts Eric Eskola and Cathy Wurzer were married for many years, but have divorced. They have also spent time at other area stations: Eskola contributed political reports to WCCO radio until being laid off in May 2010, and Wurzer hosts the regional portion of Morning Edition at Minnesota Public Radio. Eskola is noted for his fondness for scarves, wearing a different one each week during the cold months.

Mary Lahammer provides political reports from the Minnesota State Capitol when the legislature is in session. David Gillette creates illustrated essays and hosts Almanac ' s online bonus show, "The Wrap." Lahammer and Gillette also appear on Almanac: At the Capitol during the legislative session.

title: Almanac (American TV series)


text:
Risk society

Risk society is the manner in which modern society organizes in response to risk. The term is closely associated with several key writers on modernity, in particular Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens. The term was coined in the 1980s and its popularity during the 1990s was both as a consequence of its links to trends in thinking about wider modernity, and also to its links to popular discourse, in particular the growing environmental concerns during the period.

Definition
According to the British sociologist Anthony Giddens, a risk society is "a society increasingly preoccupied with the future (and also with safety), which generates the notion of risk", whilst the German sociologist Ulrich Beck defines it as "a systematic way of dealing with hazards and insecurities induced and introduced by modernisation itself".

Beck defined modernization as, "surges of technological rationalization and changes in work and organization, but beyond that includes much more: the change in societal characteristics and normal biographies, changes in lifestyle and forms of love, change in the structures of power and influence, in the forms of political repression and participation, in views of reality and in the norms of knowledge. In social science's understanding of modernity, the plough, the steam locomotive and the microchip are visible indicators of a much deeper process, which comprises and reshapes the entire social structure."

Modernity and realism in science
Beck and Giddens both approach the risk society firmly from the perspective of modernity, "a shorthand term for modern society or industrial civilization. ... [M]odernity is vastly more dynamic than any previous type of social order. It is a society ... which unlike any preceding culture lives in the future rather than the past." They also draw heavily on the concept of reflexivity, the idea that as a society examines itself, it in turn changes itself in the process. In classical industrial society, the modernist view is based on assumption of realism in science creating a system in which scientists work in an exclusive, inaccessible environment of modern period.

Environmental risks
In 1986, right after the Chernobyl disaster, Ulrich Beck, a sociology professor at the University of Munich, published the original German text, Risikogesellschaft, of his highly influential and catalytic work (Suhrkamp, Frankfurt 1986). Risikogesellschaft was published in English as Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity in 1992. The ecological crisis is central to this social analysis of the contemporary period. Beck argued that environmental risks had become the predominant product, not just an unpleasant, manageable side-effect, of industrial society.

Giddens and Beck argued that whilst humans have always been subjected to a level of risk – such as natural disasters – these have usually been perceived as produced by non-human forces. Modern societies, however, are exposed to risks such as pollution, newly discovered illnesses, crime, that are the result of the modernization process itself. Giddens defines these two types of risks as external risks and manufactured risks. Manufactured risks are marked by a high level of human agency involved in both producing, and mitigating such risks.

As manufactured risks are the product of human activity, authors like Giddens and Beck argue that it is possible for societies to assess the level of risk that is being produced, or that is about to be produced. This sort of reflexive introspection can in turn alter the planned activities themselves. As an example, due to disasters such as Chernobyl and the Love Canal Crisis, public faith in the modern project has declined leaving public distrust in industry, government and experts.

Social concerns led to increased regulation of the nuclear power industry and to the abandonment of some expansion plans, altering the course of modernization itself. This increased critique of modern industrial practices is said to have resulted in a state of reflexive modernization, illustrated by concepts such as sustainability and the precautionary principle that focus on preventive measures to decrease levels of risk.

There are differing opinions as to how the concept of a risk society interacts with social hierarchies and class distinctions. Most agree that social relations have altered with the introduction of manufactured risks and reflexive modernization. Risks, much like wealth, are distributed unevenly in a population and will influence quality of life.

Beck has argued that older forms of class structure – based mainly on the accumulation of wealth – atrophy in a modern, risk society, in which people occupy social risk positions that are achieved through risk aversion. "In some of their dimensions these follow the inequalities of class and strata positions, but they bring a fundamentally different distribution logic into play". Beck contends that widespread risks contain a "boomerang effect", in that individuals producing risks will also be exposed to them. This argument suggests that wealthy individuals whose capital is largely responsible for creating pollution will also have to suffer when, for example, the contaminants seep into the water supply. This argument may seem oversimplified, as wealthy people may have the ability to mitigate risk more easily by, for example, buying bottled water. Beck, however, has argued that the distribution of this sort of risk is the result of knowledge, rather than wealth. Whilst the wealthy person may have access to resources that enable him or her to avert risk, this would not even be an option were the person unaware that the risk even existed. However, risks do not only affect those of a certain social class or place, as risk is not missed and can affect everyone regardless of societal class; no one is free from risk.

By contrast, Giddens has argued that older forms of class structure maintain a somewhat stronger role in a risk society, now being partly defined "in terms of differential access to forms of self-actualization and empowerment". Giddens has also tended to approach the concept of a risk society more positively than Beck, suggesting that there "can be no question of merely taking a negative attitude towards risk. Risk needs to be disciplined, but active risk-taking is a core element of a dynamic economy and an innovative society."

title: Risk society


text:
Governor's Foreign Language Academies

Starting in 1986, the Virginia Department of Education has sponsored Governor's Foreign Language Academies, summer residential programs for Virginia's most motivated and talented foreign language students. As of 2006, approximately 6,600 students have completed one of the six programs, housed at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond: immersion programs in French, German, and Spanish, an intensive Latin program, and partial-immersion programs in Russian and Japanese. Virginia Commonwealth University offers concurrent STARTALK summer programs in Chinese and Arabic.

The six governor's academies maintain their individuality and offer activities to expand global awareness, multi-cultural understanding, and international education. The three immersion academies provide an intensive experience and unique challenge for students who have excelled in language study to continue their study of that language in a total immersion environment, which is generally unavailable in the regular school environment. The Latin Academy provides an intensive experience for students who have excelled in the study of Latin to continue their study in a milieu unavailable in the regular school environment and introduces the students to classical Greek. The partial-immersion programs in Japanese and Russian, as well as the STARTALK programs in Chinese and Arabic, provide an opportunity for interested students to be introduced to these cultures and languages, which are not widely taught across the Commonwealth. Beginning with the summer of 2011, the Commonwealth of Virginia ceded sponsorship of the Russian Academy to Virginia Commonwealth University.

The success of the pilot Virginia's Governor's Foreign Language Academies is influencing other states into starting similar programs to encourage excellence in foreign languages.

Activities
Initially, each academy was held at a separate college or university in Virginia; however, from 2004 until 2010, all academies were held at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond Virginia. In 2011, once again, the academies dispersed throughout the commonwealth. In 2012, The Japanese and Latin Academies will be hosted by Randolph-Macon College, in Ashland Virginia. French, Spanish, and German Academies will occur at Washington & Lee University in Lexington, Virginia. Highlights of the programs include day trips, such as to Washington, D.C. to see various museums, academic, and/or cultural institutions that correspond to the respective foreign languages, outings to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, or the archaeological sites at Jamestown.

title: Governor's Foreign Language Academies


text:
Mary Timony

Mary Bozana Timony (born October 17, 1970) is an American independent singer-songwriter, guitarist, keyboardist, bassist, and violist. She has been a member of the bands Helium, Autoclave, Wild Flag, and Hammered Hulls, and currently fronts Ex Hex.

Timony's music is often heavy and dark, frequently using drones, beats, and modal melodies reminiscent of European Medieval music. She uses a number of alternate guitar tunings, most prominent of which is DADGAE. Timony's influences include Wire, the Slits, Fugazi, and Television.

Her unique style has been cited as an influence amongst well respected and admired musicians such as Carrie Brownstein of Sleater-Kinney, Sadie Dupuis of Speedy Ortiz and many more. Rolling Stone ranked Timony at number 95 on their 2023 list of the 250 greatest guitarists of all time.

Biography
Timony was born to James and Joan Timony of Washington, D.C., and raised in the neighborhoods of Glover Park and Wesley Heights. She has Czech ancestry (at least one grandmother, whose name Božana is the reason behind Timony's middle name). As a teenager, she attended the Duke Ellington School of the Arts in Georgetown where she played guitar in the jazz band and also studied viola. Her guitar teacher Tom Newman recalled to interviewers: “She came to us a prodigy. You can’t teach what she has.”

In 1990–91 Timony played guitar and shared lead vocals in the Washington, D.C.-based band Autoclave. She later relocated to Boston, where she graduated from Boston University with a degree in English literature and formed the band Helium in the summer of 1992, recording two albums and three EPs with the group between 1994 and 1997. Helium disbanded in 1998, whereupon Timony embarked on her solo career, recording albums in 2000 and 2002 (Mountains and The Golden Dove).

In the mid-2000s, Timony moved back to D.C. In 2005, Timony joined with drummer Devin Ocampo; her album Ex Hex, released on the Lookout! Records label, features the two performing together as a duo. In the same year, she contributed vocals to Team Sleep's self-titled album on the tracks "Tomb of Liegia" and "King Diamond."

She released a solo album, The Shapes We Make, on the Kill Rock Stars label on May 8, 2007. A music video for "Sharp Shooter" was produced by the art collective Paper Rad.

In early 2009, Mary Timony formed a new band, Pow Wow, with Jonah R. Takagi and Winston H. Yu. As of June 2009 the group added T. J. Lipple and changed its name to Soft Power.

In September 2010, Mary Timony and members of Sleater-Kinney, The Minders, and Quasi announced that they were working on a new album under the moniker Wild Flag. It was released on Merge Records on September 13, 2011.

After Wild Flag's breakup, Timony formed Ex Hex with Fire Tapes bassist Betsy Wright, and The Aquarium drummer Laura Harris. Their debut album Rips was released on Merge Records in October 2014. Her former bandmate Jonah Takagi produced both Rips and the group's sophomore effort, It's Real (released in March 2019 on Merge Records).

Since 2018, she has been a member of the Washington, D.C.-based band Hammered Hulls, playing bass.

Her latest solo album, Untame the Tiger, was released by Merge in February 2024.

Her brother, Patrick Timony, is the keyboard player for the band The Picture is Dead.

There is a reference to Mary Timony in the lyrics to the song "Your Bruise" by the American indie rock band Death Cab for Cutie, from their 1998 debut album Something About Airplanes.

Side projects
In addition to her work with Autoclave, Helium, and the Mary Timony Band, Timony has occasionally collaborated or recorded with other groups. In 1999, Timony recorded a four-song vinyl EP with Carrie Brownstein of the band Sleater-Kinney, in a duo called The Spells. In 2000, she recorded a six-song CD with Anna Johansson and Erin Maclean, entitled Green 4.

In 1995, Timony recorded the song "All Dressed Up In Dreams" with Stephin Merritt, on The 6ths album Wasps' Nests. She also recorded vocals for a one-off alt-country project called Lincoln '65. This project's sole output was a 7" single released by Slow River Records in 1996, labeled simply Lincoln '65, and contained two tracks, "Dreams" and "Jellyfish".

Timony collaborated with Team Sleep on Tomb of Liegia and King Diamond on their 2005 self-titled album. In 2007 she recorded an album with Garland of Hours, a group that features cellist Amy Domingues.

Solo

 * Mountains (Matador, 2000)
 * The Golden Dove (Matador, 2002)
 * Ex Hex (Lookout!, 2005)
 * Untame the Tiger (Merge, 2024)

Mary Timony Band

 * The Shapes We Make (Kill Rock Stars, 2007)

Mind Science of the Mind

 * Mind Science of the Mind (Epic, 1996)

The Spells

 * The Age of Backwards EP (K, 1999)
 * Bat Vs. Bird EP (self-released, 2008)

Green 4

 * Green 4 (limited edition CD-R, 2000)

Garland of Hours

 * The Soundest Serum (Noble Task Records, 2007)

Hammered Hulls

 * Hammered Hulls EP (Dischord, 2019)
 * Careening (Dischord, 2022)

title: Mary Timony


text:
User talk:Bakudai

Here is my talk page. Add your message at the bottom, and don't forget sign with four tildes (~~~~) If you need to contact me faster,
 * Email: Bakudai@gmail.com

(Sorry, a very belated welcome:)
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Zzyzx11 | Talk 01:29, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Turk
No problem, I've made the same mistake before. It can be tricky finding the correct version when a page has been vandalised multiple times in a row. JYolkowski 01:38, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Vandal hunting
It's addicting isn't it? Sometimes, when I don't feel like editing, I troll the recent changes for a while, just looking for vandalism. You have to be quick, though: if you don't get it within a couple of seconds, though, somebody else will usually beats you to it. :D – ClockworkSoul 22:03, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

It's a shame. You were a valid User until you started vandalizing. You could have been useful. Now you've been blocked. RickK 23:58, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)

Unblocked
In some of your contributions, you've shown that you might want to lend a hand around here, which is great. Because of the fact that you have some good contributions under your belt, I've unblocked you. Please let me know if there's anything I can do to help you. – ClockworkSoul 16:01, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Well thank you for unblocking me. It was a typo when I referenced you on another board, and I was posting the message more in disbelief rather than a more trojan horse sort of way. But hey, thanks again. You should put your email up so people can contact you Bakudai 17:42, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm just glad that this whole misunderstanding appears to be over with: I don't take much pleasure in having to block people. Of course, you have to admit that it was a very unfortunate typo. :D – ClockworkSoul 17:48, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

User page
Each user has their own user page where they can describe themselves like in a profile, or somewhere to let people know where they can get a hold of them. Your user page is User:Bakudai. Zzyzx11 | Talk 21:33, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * For more information on what you can put on your user page, please read User page. Zzyzx11 | Talk 21:35, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * By the way, as I took a brief glance at your conversation with ClockworkSoul above, you also might be interested in reading Emailing users. Zzyzx11 | Talk 21:42, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Re: 68.195.65.55
I have moved your vandalism report about User:68.195.65.55 (talk • contribs) from WP:AN/I to WP:VIP. The latter place is more suitable for reporting minor day-to-day vandalism like this. AN/I is mostly good for complex or difficult issues where policy may be unclear or for contacting large number of admins fast. jni 04:56, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of User:Bakudai

Please do not make statements attacking people or groups of people. Wikipedia has a strict policy against personal attacks. Attack pages and images are not tolerated by Wikipedia and are speedily deleted. Users who continue to create or repost such pages and images in violation of our biographies of living persons policy will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Thank you.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, contest the deletion by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". Doing so will take you to the talk page where you will find a pre-formatted place for you to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Joe Chill (talk) 18:18, 16 August 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bakudai


text:
Peter Berger

Peter Berger may refer to:

 * Peter Berger (rower) (born 1949), German Olympic rower
 * Peter Berger (Royal Navy officer) (1925–2003), British admiral
 * Peter B. Berger (born 1956), American cardiologist and researcher
 * Peter E. Berger (1944–2011), American film editor
 * Peter L. Berger (1929–2017), Austrian-born American sociologist and Lutheran theologian

title: Peter Berger


text: Category:Dimensional instruments

title: Category:Dimensional instruments


text:
User:Powdahound

My homepage: http://www.powdahound.com

title: User:Powdahound


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Saturnfans

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 00:30, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Saturnfans
A forum for Saturn automobile fans. Delete as advertising. --Henrygb 01:31, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, there is alreay an external link to this website on the saturn page. --nixie 02:10, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, an exlink is enough. Gazpacho 02:17, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete the existing link is just fine. Vegaswikian 06:28, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Cleduc 02:27, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Robert Redfield

Robert Redfield (December 4, 1897 – October 16, 1958) was an American anthropologist and ethnolinguist, whose ethnographic work in Tepoztlán, Mexico, is considered a landmark of Latin American ethnography. He was associated with the University of Chicago for his entire career: all of his higher education took place there, and he joined the faculty in 1927 and remained there until his death in 1958, serving as Dean of Social Sciences from 1934 to 1946. Redfield was a co-founder of the University of Chicago Committee on Social Thought, alongside other prominent Chicago professors Robert Maynard Hutchins, Frank Knight, and John UIrich Nef.

Career
In 1923 he and his wife Margaret Park Redfield traveled to Mexico, where he met Manuel Gamio, a Mexican anthropologist who had studied with Franz Boas. Redfield graduated from the University of Chicago with a degree in Communication Studies, eventually with a J.D. from its law school and then a Ph.D. in cultural anthropology, which he began to teach in 1927.

He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1947 and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1950. After a series of published field studies from Mexican communities (Tepoztlán in Morelos and Chan Kom in Yucatán), in 1953 he published The Primitive World and its Transformation and in 1956, Peasant Society and Culture. Moving further into a broader synthesis of disciplines, Redfield embraced a forum for interdisciplinary thought that included archeology, anthropological linguistics, physical anthropology, cultural anthropology, and ethnology.

Redfield wrote in 1955 about his own experience doing research in Latin America on peasants. As he did research, he realized he had been trained to treat the society as an isolated culture. However, he found people were involved with trade, and there were connections between villages and states. More than that, the village culture was not bounded. Beliefs and practices were not isolated. Redfield realized it did not make sense to study people as isolated units, but rather it would be better to understand a broader perspective. Traditionally, anthropologists studied folk ways in the "little tradition", taking into account broader civilization, the "great tradition". He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1950.

One of Redfield's students at the University of Chicago was well-known novelist Kurt Vonnegut. Vonnegut was influenced by Redfield's work on the "folk society" and references him in his novel Slapstick, as well as throughout his non-fiction speeches and commencement addresses. Vonnegut recalls: "when I went to the University of Chicago, and I heard the head of the Department of Anthropology, Robert Redfield, lecture on the folk society, which was essentially a stable, isolated extended family, he did not have to tell me how nice that could be."Vonnegut would later remark that "Dr. Redfield's theory of the Folk Society ... has been the starting point for my politics, such as they are."

Scholarly views
In addition to his field anthropology work, Redfield made public and published contributions to the philosophy of social science. In a series of lectures, Redfield advocated for a value-laden understanding of the work of the social scientist, as well as a unified approach to the social sciences and the humanities. Against those who advocate for value-free science, for example, Redfield argued that "The values of the social scientist are necessary to his scientific work. Values are a part of the methods of social science. They are the means to learning about other people’s values."

For Redfield, the social scientist does not merely study, but actively forms values. He argues that: "'Social science is one of the ways to form our convictions as to the good life. This it does not as preaching does it, by telling us what the good is and what our duty is. It does not do it as ethics does it, by examining central questions as to the nature of conduct and by criticizing and formulating systematic rules of conduct. It does it by remaining science. It does it by making clear to us where our choices lead us and what means must be employed to reach what ends. It does it by extending our understanding of where our ideals are in conflict with our practices and where our ideals are in conflict with each other. And it does this through those intensive studies of particular societies and particular men which are not ordinarily carried on in ethics and which are outside the powers and responsibilities of the preacher.'"Redfield also favored the tendency of the German university system to associate the social sciences and humanities together as Geisteswissenschaften, the spiritual or human sciences. Redfield explored this topic at length in an article entitled Social Science Among the Humanities, originally published in 1951 in Measure: A Critical Journal and later collected in his posthumous papers. While the methods of the social sciences may attempt to mimic the methods of the natural sciences, Redfield argued the social sciences and the humanities share a common object of study that unites them. He explains, "No one is more deeply engaged in the examination and understanding of human nature than are the dramatist and the novelist. In learning about human nature, men of literature and men of social science share a common effort, a common interest."

Personal life
Redfield was the son-in-law of University of Chicago sociologist Robert E. Park. Redfield and his wife Margaret were the parents of Lisa Redfield Peattie, Professor Emerita at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; James M. Redfield, a professor of classics at the University of Chicago; and Joanna Redfield Gutmann (1930–2009). Another son, Robert (called Tito), died at the age of twelve from injuries sustained in a sledding accident. His brother-in-law was the naturalist Donald C. Peattie, whose nephew married Redfield's daughter Lisa.

Redfield died in October 1958 from complications of lymphatic leukemia.

The papers of Robert and Margaret Redfield are located at the Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library.

Published works
Redfield's published works include:
 * Tepoztlan, a Mexican Village: A Study in Folk Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press (1930).
 * Folk Cultures of the Yucatán. Chicago: University of Chicago Press (1948).
 * The Primitive World and Its Transformations. Ithaca: Cornell University Press (1953).
 * The Role of Cities in Economic Development and Cultural Change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press (1954).
 * The Little Community. Chicago: University of Chicago Press (1956).
 * Talk with a Stranger. Stamford, Connecticut: Overbrook Press (1958).

title: Robert Redfield


text: User:WillC

title: User:WillC


text:
External risk

External risks are generally something that is uncontrollable by the first party.

In contract law
In contract law, are risks that are produced by a non-human source and are beyond human control. They are unexpected but happen regularly enough in a general population to be broadly predictable, and may be the subject of casualty insurance. Good examples of external risks are natural disasters such as earthquakes and volcanoes.

Insurance adjusters analyze external risks on a normal basis. Measuring risks of the environment is common practice throughout insurance claims. As far as claims go, most external risks, or an "Act of God", are protected by property insurance.

In project management
In project management; Risks that are external to the project and the project manager cannot control. Good examples of external risks are changes in government legislation, changes in strategy from senior managers, and the economy.

Assessing external risks
Three separate aspects should be analyzed when determining the amount of external risk that exists.

 * 1) Frequency of Occurrence - What are the odds of an external risk occurring in your situation? Do similar risk situations happen often in your area? This assesses the probability of the external risk.
 * 2) Duration of the Occurrence - Over what time period will the external risk last? How long will the affected party be at an altered state due to this risk? This assesses the amount of time that would be lost due to the risk and its effects.
 * 3) Loss of Assets - What types of property could be damaged or destroyed from this risk? This assesses the state of property and assets after the external risk occurs.

title: External risk


text: User talk:85.100.9.146

title: User talk:85.100.9.146


text:
Ectropion

Ectropion is a medical condition in which the lower eyelid turns outwards. It is one of the notable aspects of newborns exhibiting congenital harlequin-type ichthyosis, but ectropion can occur due to any weakening of tissue of the lower eyelid. The condition can be repaired surgically. Ectropion is also found in dogs as an inherited, developmental condition.

Causes

 * Congenital
 * Aging
 * Scarring
 * Mechanical
 * Allergic
 * Facial nerve palsy
 * Anti-cancer treatments such as erlotinib, cetuximab, and panitumumab, which block the function of EGFR (the epidermal growth factor receptor).

In dogs
Ectropion in dogs usually involves the lower eyelid. Often the condition has no symptoms, but tearing and conjunctivitis may be seen. Breeds associated with ectropion include the Saint Bernard, the Bloodhound, the Clumber Spaniel, Newfoundlands, and the Neapolitan Mastiff. It can also result from trauma or nerve damage. Treatment (surgery) is recommended only if there is chronic conjunctivitis or if there is corneal damage. A small part of the affected lid is removed and then the lid is sewn back together.

title: Ectropion