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Hammer's Slammers

Hammer's Slammers is a 1979 collection of military science fiction short stories by author David Drake. It follows the career of a future mercenary tank regiment called Hammer's Slammers after their leader, Colonel Alois Hammer. This collection, and other novels and stories in the same setting, are collectively called the Hammer stories, and the setting is called the Slammers universe or the Hammerverse.

Each of the stories in the novel follows various members of the Slammers, starting with the regiment's creation by the government of the planet Friesland to put down a revolt on the Friesland colony world of Melpomene, in which Colonel Hammer is the focal character, and who transforms the unit into an independent mercenary organization. The reader is also introduced to recurring characters such as Joachim Steuben, Hammer's bodyguard and later commander of the Slammers' military police, a gay sociopath and master marksman devoted to his colonel; Sergeant (later Major) Danny Pritchard; recruit (later Sergeant-Commander) Rob Jenne; Margritte DiManzio, whose husband is killed by mercenaries from a different regiment and signs on with the Slammers; and Sergeant "Ripper Jack" Scratchard, who shows how the Slammers infantry ties in with the regiment's combat cars and hovertanks. The book concludes with the story "Standing Down," in which Friesland revolutionaries hire the Slammers to overthrow the government of Friesland. Colonel Hammer takes over the revolution and the planet, becomes President of Friesland, and Hammer's unit becomes the 1st Regiment of the Friesland Defense Force.

Drake based the Slammers on his service with the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment in Vietnam and Cambodia during the Vietnam War. The plots of his works are often inspired by historical or mythological sources. For example, he retells the story of Jason and the Argonauts in The Voyage, and part of the Odyssey in Cross the Stars. Other stories borrow from pulp-era fiction (The Sharp End is based on Dashiell Hammett's Red Harvest).

Plot
The novel is split into a series of short stories which follow various characters and their interactions with the Hammer's Slammers regiment. After each short story is an interlude chapter. These chapters form short essays that Drake uses to expand up the world of the Hammerverse.

But Loyal To His Own
The first story follows Colonel Hammer himself, as well as introducing Joachim Steuben, his right-hand man and bodyguard. It opens with a conversation between Secretary Tromp, a powerful politician from the wealthy planet Friesland, and a Friesland Guards armored regiment officer, in Tromp's office at the spaceport hotel on the Friesland colony world of Melpomene. The officer has just returned from traveling with Hammer and Steuben in a convoy of armored vehicles from one of Hammer's firebases to the spaceport. Hammer had used the convoy as bait to trick the remaining Melpomene rebels into attempting an ambush on the convoy, by leaking false information that Secretary Tromp was traveling in it.

In the meantime, Hammer is in the hotel lounge, where he confronts a former fellow officer, the commander of the Guards, who is incensed that Hammer had left the elite unit to command "foreign scum." He is then summoned to Tromp's office, but he orders Steuben and another of his men to wait in their hotel suite. During a heated discussion between Hammer and Tromp, it is revealed to the reader that Hammer's Regiment (the "Slammers") was originally Tromp's idea. After several Friesland units were unable to suppress Melpomene resistance to Friesland's attempt to control the production and export of "bluebright" (a valuable pharmaceutical plant and the main product of the planet), Hammer was directed to raise a mercenary regiment and recruit non-Friesland individuals with military experience. This unit was then funded and equipped by Friesland to crush the Melpomene rebels, which they have done successfully by various means, including chemical warfare and forcing Melpomene hostages to ride on vehicles in Slammers' convoys to prevent ambushes.

It is also revealed that as one of the conditions for recruiting the regiment, the government promised that all Slammers personnel would be granted full Friesland citizenship after completing their service on Melpomene and the regiment was demobilized. However, Tromp reneges on the deal. He orders Hammer to bring the entire mercenary regiment to the spaceport where it will be disbanded under the supervision of the Guards, who have been brought to Melpomene by Tromp for that purpose.

Hammer, unwilling to have his men disarmed (and most likely executed afterwards), attempts to change Tromp's mind by suggesting that Friesland hire out the Slammers to other planets. Tromp is unmoved by this argument, stating that this would destabilize the current interstellar political system; and that Hammer should remember his loyalty to Friesland, which is more important that any promises he made to his men. Angered, Hammer leaves Tromp's office for his hotel suite. Having anticipated Tromp's betrayal, he sends a prearranged signal to his Slammers.

As soon as Hammer leaves his office, Tromp dispatches a Guards team under the command of Hammer's enemy to the hotel suite to arrest or kill Hammer and the two men with him. However, Steuben and the other Slammer are expecting the Guards. They kill all but one of them; Hammer steps off the elevator and kills the last Guard as he attempts to escape down the corridor. The Slammers tanks and artillery in the hills around the spaceport begin destroying the Guards' armored vehicles, exposed on the open landing field. As the Slammers' tanks close in on the spaceport, Tromp flees through artillery fire to his waiting spaceship. However, Steuben has anticipated this and is already waiting for Tromp inside. The story ends with Tromp looking at Steuben's hands, not believing that his slim wrists could possibly support the weight of the heavy pistol he holds.

Interlude: Supertanks
Drake uses this short chapter to explain the nature of tank warfare in the future as well as how the tanks of the Hammer's Slammers regiment work. He details the fusion-powered hovercraft technology that keeps the air cushion tanks afloat, as well as the anti-personnel defences of the tanks, including the outward-facing directional mines that line the upper hulls. These are used to counter the unguided short-range anti-tank rockets ("buzz bombs") that, apart from anti-tank artillery shells ("tank killer rounds"), are the most dangerous weapons the hovertanks have to deal with on the battlefield.

The Butcher's Bill
Of the story chapters, this is one of the shortest. Tank commander Danny Pritchard is introduced. He is presented as being apathetic towards war. On the planet Dunstan Hammer's Slammers are fighting for the government and Danny Pritchard is becoming romantically involved with one of their representatives, a young woman named Sonna. After a short skirmish, Pritchard's section makes camp in a rural area of Dunstan. Sonna invites Pritchard out for a ride to show him something. They take an aircar to a nearby structure made of an opaque, glass-like material. Pritchard is urged to enter the building by Sonna. He is presented with various images of strange and alien creatures, bird-like in appearance; Sonna explains they are an alien race named the Gedel. Shaken, he leaves the ruin and Sonna explains that the Gedel were a race capable of creating many wonders. This ruin is just one of many scattered over Dunstan. Pritchard seems uncaring and uninterested in the nature of the race, especially if the presence of their creations does not directly help his regiment. After decamping, his tank section becomes engaged in a fight on the edge of a city made of irreplaceable Gedel structures. The enemy mercenaries have dug in there intentionally, knowing the Slammers' employers won't allow the Regiment to attack the site. If the Slammers don't attack and defeat their opponents, they will be labeled as quitters. This in turn will adversely impact their ability to land contracts. Despite Sonna's protestations, Colonel Hammer allows the use of the tanks' heavy 20 cm powerguns to flush out and kill the enemy. This has the foreseeable effect of destroying many of the Gedel buildings, but insures the Slammers' reputation as a unit that will do whatever it takes to win.

Interlude: The Church of the Lord's Universe
This interlude chapter explains the main faith of humanity in the future. An evolution of Christianity, the Universalist Church espouses that truth can be found by following the via stellarum (way of the stars). This focus on space travel helped early human colonisers and is the reason that many characters in the stories use the word "Via!" as an expletive.

Under the Hammer
New recruit Rob Jenne undergoes a brutal baptism of fire on his first day with the Regiment while temporarily assigned as a gunner on a combat car commanded by an experienced sergeant ferrying him to the training unit. It graphically demonstrates the kind of life he can expect as a Slammer, in more ways than one.

Interlude: Powerguns
The notional science behind the weaponry used by Hammer's tanks, combat cars, and troops. Drake structured the weapons to be analogous to the M68 105mm heavy tank gun of the M60 Patton tank, the M2 Browning heavy machine gun, and the M1 Garand rifle, M3 "grease gun", and M1911A1 pistol.

Cultural Conflict
A Slammers outpost including Ripper Jack Scratchard and Rob Jenne is attacked by the indigenous aliens who are defending the tree-homes that hold the souls of their people. This story shows that the Slammers have the ability to employ poison gas in combat, mainly but not exclusively in artillery shells.

Interlude: Backdrop to Chaos
The political and social background to the Hammerverse.

Caught in the Crossfire
Margritte DiManzio's husband is killed by a patrol from another mercenary regiment after he objects to their village being used as bait to lure a Slammers column into an ambush. Convincing the mercenaries she is on their side, she bides her time until she can kill the mercenary sergeant trying to romance her and reveal the presence of the mercenaries in the village to the Slammers, who wipe them out. Rejected by her fellow villagers because in their culture women are supposed to nurture life, not kill, Margritte climbs aboard a Slammers combat car, telling the sergeant commanding it, "You need killers like me, soldier," and rides in with the patrol to join the Regiment.

Interlude: The Bonding Authority
The financial and contractual aspect of mercenary warfare. The Bonding Authority arranges for payment of contracts, purchases of equipment, insurance, guarantees of performance, and acts as a guarantor of payment. The influence of the Bonding Authority over the world of mercenary military units is such that without a guarantee from them, mercenary units won't take a contract unless they are awfully desperate.

Hangman
Captain Danny Pritchard has a crisis of conscience after two Slammers officers go behind the Colonel's back to interfere with a civil revolt that may result in a massacre, either of the civilians or the Slammers unless Pritchard can devise a plan to stop it. The story shows how ruthless Major Steuben and Colonel Hammer can be, and how ruthless Captain Pritchard must be when circumstances demand it.

Interlude: Table of Organisation and Equipment, Hammer's Regiment
List of units in the Slammers. These include the Regimental headquarters with the command staff and the Regiment's Fire Central fire control computer, which can take control of any vehicle-mounted powergun that bears on a target, usually airborne, and eliminate it; the training battalion that turns recruits into soldiers of the Regiment; the supply and support battalion; the Regiment's artillery batteries; the infantry, mounted on battery-powered single person hovercraft called skimmers; the combat car companies; and of course the regimental fist, the Slammers' tank companies. It also includes the Regiment's field police company, the "White Mice," mounted on combat cars and commanded by the dedicated and deadly Major Joachim Steuben, thought of by some in the know as Hammer's personal hatchetman.

Standing Down
The Slammers seize power in Friesland. It is suggested Colonel Hammer is able to do this because Major Joachim Steuben assassinated the politician who had hired the Regiment with a head shot from a pistol at a range of more than two kilometers. A Bonding Authority official investigating what had happened in this case accepts the Slammers' explanation that their patron had unfortunately caught a pistol bolt from a building being cleared that had a line of sight to where he had been standing on a balcony. (After all, no one is good enough to make a head shot with a pistol using iron sights from a mile away, and the powerguns used by the Regiment do not have telescopic sights. Right?) Colonel Hammer becomes President Hammer, and secures his position by marrying into one of the oldest noble families, the Tromps, that has been running the planet. Although the older Tromps are appalled by the marriage, his new bride sees Hammer as the man who can put Friesland to rights, and he is accepted by the citizens of Friesland as their new ruler. The Slammers go out of existence, being subsumed into the Friesland Defense Forces as the First Friesland Armored Regiment.

Reception
Dave Langford reviewed Hammer's Slammers for White Dwarf #67, and stated that "Such are the lauded military virtues of the Slammers that (fearful that chicken-heartedness will prejudice their future contracts) they nobly disobey their own horrified employers' orders to stop slaughtering people and detonating irreplaceable shrines. If you like chainsaw massacres you'll love this."

Lynn Bryant reviewed Hammer's Slammers in Space Gamer/Fantasy Gamer No. 83. Bryant commented that "All in all there is a gritty feel to these novels that make you feel they show how life really would be if there ever are interstellar mercenaries."

Reviews

 * Review by Charles Platt (1979) in New Worlds, #216 September 1979
 * Review by Ray Thompson (1979) in Science Fiction & Fantasy Book Review, October 1979
 * Review by Richard E. Geis (1979) in Science Fiction Review, November 1979
 * Review by Gary Gygax [as by E. Gary Gygax] (1980) in The Dragon Magazine, February 1980
 * Review by Andy Sawyer (1985) in Paperback Inferno, #55

title: Hammer's Slammers


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Talk:Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools

moved from article:

Second Edition (2006)
Since the Second Edition has been released, this article now refers to a non-current edition of the book. I agree with an earlier comment on this talk page that the Dragon-Book-related articles should be merged and unified in some way. Alternatively, maybe the content of this article should be moved to Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools (First Edition), and the content of this article should be reworked to reflect the now-current Second Edition. --Strangetonic 23:18, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

Errata
There are enough people complaining about lack of an Errata page despite errors found in this book. This entry is a request that we start such a page on our own. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.185.157.95 (talk • contribs) 08:13, 10 April 2005 (UTC)

International Edition Cover
Does anyone know why the international edition dropped the dragon from the cover? Was it because, as suggested above, "it gay"? It'll create confusion to refer to "the purple dragon book", when it doesn't actually have a dragon on the cover. I also recall the book was supposed to contain source code related to the rendered image - or was that just additional downloadable material? barryd (talk) 08:15, 15 March 2009 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Purple dragon book b.jpg
Image:Purple dragon book b.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 17:41, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

Color mixup
The first edition is informally called the “red dragon book” to distinguish it from the second edition and from Aho & Ullman’s Principles of Compiler Design (1977, sometimes known as the “green dragon book” because the dragon on its cover is green). I believe it's the other way around.--76.69.255.151 (talk) 23:51, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

I agree: I've got a 2nd Ed. on the shelf behind me and the dragon is definitely red, and I've seen a 1st Ed. with its green dragon. I have not changed this since I don't know what's in the cited reference. MarkMLl (talk) 08:20, 23 September 2012 (UTC)

Edition status
Everybody agrees that Aho and Ullman is the First Edition. Aho, Sethi and Ullman describes itself as "a descendant of" the older book so is clearly not simply a reprint: it should be called the second edition. I think the publisher is out of order for describing Aho, Lam, Sethi and Ullman as the second edition since it clearly has significant changes from the older work. MarkMLl (talk) 08:20, 23 September 2012 (UTC)

"21st Century Compilers" redirect
Was this book originally titled 21st Century Compilers, (eg: in ACM http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=975157 with a different ISBN 0321131436) or is this a different work?

Curiously, searches for ISBN 0321131436 lead to the current article edition as well.

I ask because there's a redirect to this page, but no mention or explanation of the redirect's title or why it redirects here. I can't point to a rule about this, but I feel like redirects should be obvious or self-explanatory from the article.

-- 72.214.181.169 (talk) 12:25, 16 January 2017 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Mma troll

This needs to stay. It is historically accurate and if you visit sites such as MMA.tv or Fightsport.com you will see that the MMA troll is a unique breed that deserves recognition here. I say the listing stays.

Redneck


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Ewloe

Ewloe (Ewlo, ) is a village and electoral ward in the community of Hawarden in Flintshire, Wales. It is situated close to the Flintshire/Cheshire sector of the Wales-England border. The A55 expressway passes through Ewloe and its most notable landmark is Ewloe Castle. The Ewloe electoral ward had a population at the 2011 Census of 5,420. The urban area of the village is contiguous with Hawarden, Buckley and Shotton. The Office for National Statistics deems Ewloe to form part of the Buckley built-up area, which covers much of Deeside.

Economy
Ewloe grew rapidly during the late 1990s and early 2000s and is now the home of the internet based Moneysupermarket.com and construction company Redrow. Flintshire County Council has one of its main offices at Ty Dewy Sant on St David's Park, a building which had previously been occupied by Unilever and before them by the former Alyn and Deeside District Council.

The Village Hotels chain of hotels hosts the 'St David's Hotel' just off the A55 road network in Ewloe. The St David's Park housing estate was built in the 1990s and is known as being a prestigious estate popular with young professionals and families respectively. Increasing numbers of new property and the resulted increase to population in Ewloe led to the opening of a new Co-op supermarket on the St David's Park road, with Ewloe now boasting two Co-op stores around 835 metres apart.

A chain super pub was built in St Davids Park, which then opened in September 2010, but was damaged in an arson attack early morning on 6 February 2011. It has since reopened.

Education
Two primary schools exist within the Ewloe and Ewloe Green wards. These are Penarlag CP School and Ewloe Green Primary School.

Secondary students from Ewloe are mostly educated at Hawarden High School in adjacent Hawarden.

Governance
At the lowest level of local government, Ewloe is an electoral ward that elects community councillors to Hawarden Community Council. The other three community electoral divisions are Aston, Hawarden and Mancot.

Ewloe is also a county ward for elections to Flintshire County Council, electing two county councillors.

Notable residents

 * In 2004 professional footballer Michael Owen bought a small street of houses, Austen Close in Ewloe, for his extended family. He had grown up and owned a house nearby.
 * Idwal Davies (1899–1980), a Wales and Bolton Wanderers footballer, was born in nearby Ewloe Green.

title: Ewloe


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Epsom Downs

Epsom Downs is an area of chalk upland near Epsom, Surrey; in the North Downs. Part of the area is taken up by the racecourse, the gallops are part of the land purchased by Stanly Wootton in 1925 and are open to users such as ramblers, model aircraft flyers, golfers and cyclists. Since January 2006 model aircraft flyers on the Downs have been required to be members of the Epsom Downs Model Aircraft Club. There are over 20 km of routeways for hack riders. There are bylaws for the use of the Downs. There are panoramic views of London to the north from the Downs. The area is served by Epsom Downs and Tattenham Corner railway stations.

Conservators
Epsom Downs is managed by the Epsom and Walton Downs Conservators, which consists of six borough councillors, three representatives of the Epsom Downs Racecourse and one from the racehorse trainers. They are responsible for the maintenance and control of the Downs and the cost of this is split in the same proportion as the representation. The Conservators were set up in 1984 to give a voice to the users of the Downs.

title: Epsom Downs


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Bruno Hussar

Bruno Hussar (5 May 1911 – 8 February 1996) was the founder of Neve Shalom / Wahat al-Salam ("Oasis of Peace"), an Arab/Jewish village in the no man's land between Israel and Palestinian territories, dedicated to coexistence. Hussar derived the name from the book of Isaiah (32:18): "My people shall dwell in an oasis of peace". Born in Cairo, he converted to Roman Catholicism while studying engineering in France. He was a genuinely 'transnational transcultural and multilingual' individual.

Before he founded the village, Hussar established the House of Isaiah in Jerusalem, a Jewish-Catholic ecumenical study center. He came to Jerusalem to establish this institution in 1952. For many years, he was also a leader and priest for the Hebrew Christians, a tiny congregation of Hebrew-speaking Catholic residents and Israeli Jewish converts to Catholicism.

Early life and education
He was born, André, in Egypt in 1911, the son of a Hungarian father and a French mother, both assimilated Jews. He grew up speaking several languages and used to call himself a "man with four identities". On completing his secondary schooling at the Italian School in Cairo, he moved with his family to Paris where he studied engineering. During his university studies, he was drawn to studying the problem of the nature of evil, and the figure of Jesus, and converted to Christianity. He received his French nationality in 1937.

Career
The experience of World War II, awareness of antisemitic prejudice within his own confession, deepened his reflections, stirring an interest in his Jewish converso origins, and the desire to combine that heritage with his own adherence of the Catholic Church. This orientation was influenced notably through contacts with the philosemitic French-Catholic philosopher Jacques Maritain and his wife Raïssa. Refusing to disguise his Jewish origins, he was at risk in Nazi-occupied France and had to flee the country. At war's end, he studied philosophy in a Grenoble seminary and was ordained a Dominican priest on 16 July 1950, taking the name Bruno, after the founder of the Carthusian Order, Bruno of Cologne. He saw in the foundation of the state of Israel a step towards the fulfilment of a Christian salvific plan and was charged with establishing a Centre for the Study of Judaism in the Israeli sector of Jerusalem in 1953. He desired to establish a monastic brotherhood in Jerusalem as an anti-Torquemada symbol disavowing the persecutions of Jews which the Spanish inquisitor (who was himself a Dominican with Jewish ancestors) had undertaken. He encountered considerable difficulties with the Latin Catholic Hierarchy of the Holy Land, whose members were predominantly of Arab origin, and assisted in the establishment of the St. James Association to cater to the minority of Jewish Catholics, a year later, on the 14 December 1954, who were viewed with suspicion by Palestinian Catholics and marginalised by Israeli Jewish society. At the same time he undertook pastoral care of the Jaffa Arab Catholic congregation, which deepened his awareness of the complexities of life for the Arab population in Israel.

In 1959, together with Brothers Jacques Fontaine and Marcel-Jacques Dubois, he opened St. Isaiah House, the aim of which was to foster dialogue and prayer between Christians and Jews. He obtained secret permission from the Vatican to have a Jewish wedding celebrated before the Catholic wedding was performed in 1960. He participated, with the support of Cardinal Bea in the work of the Second Vatican Council, where he helped draft the document, Decretum deo Iudaeis, which was to mark an important turning-point in Jewish–Catholic relations He greeted the reunification of Jerusalem subsequent to Israel's victory in the Six-Day War with joy, as a mark of eschatological significance and he became more markedly pro-Zionist, defining himself as a Christian, Jew and loyal citizen of the State of Israel. Israel's annexation of East Jerusalem, together with its occupation of both the West Bank and Gaza spurred Hussar with a sense of urgency to develop a process of reconciliation that would unite Jews, Christians and Muslims. This vision, according to Chiara Rioli, is to be distinguished from that of most Christian Zionist evangelical advocates like John Hagee, in that the event is not understood to foreshadow the apocalyptic Second Coming of Christ.

He originally proposed setting up a new interfaith centre, an "oasis of peace" modelled on the kibbutz, on the slopes of Kiryat Ye'arim by Abu Ghosh, but decided to settle on larger grounds, some 10 ha, owned by the Trappist order of the Latrun Abbey, on no man's land according to the 1949 armistice lines, and equidistant from the three cities central to Judaism, Christianity and Islam, of Jerusalem, Tel Aviv and Ramallah, implying thereby the 'equal proximity to the three Abrahamic religions of the Holy Land.

Identity
'I feel I have four selves: I really am a Christian and a Priest, I really am a Jew, I really am an Israeli and if I don’t feel I really am an Egyptian, I do at least feel very close to the Arabs who I know and love."

Foundation of Neve Shalom/Wahat Al-Salam
An earlier attempt had been made by two families of the St. James Association to build a Christian kibbutz, on land provided by the Sisters of Our Lady of Sion in Ein Kerem in the 1950s. Worries existed about the reactions of the nearby Arab villagers, and of the Israeli government, though the abbot of the Latrun monastery, Elie Corbisier, was enthusiastic. Hussar, assisted by letters to the Pope written by Rina Geftman, sought not patronage, but formal authorisation for his projected Yishuv Neve Shalom from the then Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, Alberto Gori (1949–1970), who was opposed to the plan. A feasibility study by the Patriarchate advised against the project, but Hussar and Corbisier went ahead, signing a lease on 6 November 1970, and implemented it, despite resistance from the new head of the Jerusalem Patriarchate, Giacomo Giuseppe Beltritti.

NSWAS - the name came from a phrasing in Pope Paul VI's address bidding Israel's then-president Zalman Shazar farewell on January 5, 1964 - began to be developed on 400 dunams of land, under harsh pioneering conditions, by some ten members of the same group in 1970, though the first families only arrived in 1976. With the advent of Israeli Jewish and Palestinian Arab families after 1976, and the moral and financial support of Friends of NSWAS in France, Italy, Switzerland and Belgium, the community began to grow. Wellesley Aron and his wife joined the village in 1980. Though prayer and reconciliation were considered fundamental from the beginning, a new tendency arose, as settlers showed more interest in justice and fraternity, and in social action, than religion. Hussar imposed from the very outset a politics of neutrality. Issues of identity nonetheless came to the fore as a central concern of the community, something which led to rifts, and indeed the abandonment of the project by one of its key founding members, Rina Geftman, in the 1980s. By 1984, the village had 70 members, equally divided between Jewish and Palestinian Israelis.

Mixed schools
In the late 1990s, the Center established several Yad b’Yad (Hand in Hand) schools in Israel, aiming to encourage Jewish and Arab children to study together.

School of Peace
In response to the need to educate the Israeli Jewish and Palestinian children in the village, a school was set up with a bilingual curriculum in both Hebrew and Arabic, English French before the children left primary school to enter into the Israeli state school system. The School of Peace, with input from Northern Ireland's educational system and elsewhere, established in 1979, also emerged from this paedeutic necessity. Throughout the 1980s, the NSWAS model was widely covered, both by the international and local Israeli press, for its role in promoting dialogue in the midst of the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The stress on neutrality nonetheless came under considerable strain in the 1980s, during Israel's "First Lebanon War", and especially after the outbreak of the First Intifada. Hussar refrained from taking any public stand, though he did write in his 1988 book, When the cloud lifted, that the Intifada was:"'a natural consequence of growing pressure on the 'territories', due to the Occupation and Jewish settlements – and it has given rise to inevitable and harsh military repression.'"

At this time, a Nazareth Muslim resident and friend, Abdessalam Najjar, began to assume, as village secretary, a larger leadership role. As a result, the village staged a one-off, exceptional protest against the oppression in the Occupied Palestinian territories. Hussar's own dedication to Zionism did not change. He thought the Jews had a right, sanctioned by the United Nations, to live in a land of their own. At the same time, he declared"In itself Zionism in not in any way against the right of the Palestinian Arabs to a national existence in the same region; the land is spacious enough for that. (…) No Jew who truly lives in the spirit of the Torah can be indifferent to the fate of the Palestinian Arabs and their hopes. This land is their home too.”"

Meditation and prayer building
In 1983, NSWAS opened a huge building, later capped with a white dome and set apart, within a landscaped garden environment, called the Doumia (silence in Biblical Hebrew). Hussar made a precise semantic distinction in Hebrew between sheket (absence of noise) and dumia (profound silence), associating the latter with the 'freshet of air, the voice of a subtle silence' Elijah heard in the desert according to the Book of Kings (19:12). In his later years, Hussar withdrew there, returning to his foundational notion of a place where prayer and meditation would play a formative role within his community, as the point of conjunction between the three Abrahamic faiths. He was even more culturally ecumenical, learning from a Japanese priest how to perform mass while practising zazen. He was to break his retreat into silence on hearing of the news of the Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin, which struck him as putting an end to illusions created by the peace previously envisaged as a result of the Oslo I Accord. He interpreted the assassination biblically as a sign of aharit ha-yamim, the end of days, and "'a major step forward in the march of the Jewish people towards messianic fullness. . .when the Jews and the Gentiles, trees that complement God’s single olive tree, will be united in the same praise.'"

Death and heritage
On the occasion of Brother Hussar's death, 8 February 1996, and burial at Neve Shalom, thousands of people only from Israel gathered at NSWAS. Hussar was nominated in successive years (1988, 1989) for the Nobel Peace Prize. Until 1989, the village lacked recognition as an Israeli village, but in September of that year the Israeli Ministry of the Interior finally granted it that legal status. Difficulties arose in the increasingly conflicted years that followed, esp. during the Al Aqsa Intifada, as NSWAS found itself isolated, unable to forge significant connections with either Israeli or Palestinian society. His friend of long-standing Dubois, went on record as stating that both he and Hussar, in embarking on a naïve adventurous Zionism, had 'completely denied the Palestinian tragedy'.

Works

 * Autobiography: When the Cloud Lifted

title: Bruno Hussar


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Let Me Clear My Throat

"Let Me Clear My Throat" is a song by American hip-hop artist DJ Kool. It was released in April 1996 as the third and final single from his album of the same name. It was recorded live at the Bahama Bay club in Philadelphia.

Song description
The most popular version of the song is the one recorded live at Bahama Bay. This version incorporates audience cheers, shouts, and participation.

The musical content of the song consists entirely of two samples: the introductory fanfare of "Hollywood Swinging" (1974) by Kool & The Gang, used in both the intro and pre-chorus, and a chopped half of "The 900 Number" (1987) by The 45 King (which itself includes a two-bar loop of the saxophone riff and drums that was lifted from "Unwind Yourself" (1968) by Marva Whitney), used in the verses and chorus.

Aside from a 16-line verse in the first half of the song, the lyrical content consists largely of audience-pleasing antics, energetic shouts, call-and-response, and shout-outs. Kool makes lyrical nods to a grittier house party history of hip-hop, dropping references from early hip-hop and soul artists such as Run DMC, James Brown, and Whistle. Likewise, the title and common line of the song, "let me clear my throat," is itself taken from the Beastie Boys' "The New Style" from 1986's Licensed to Ill.

Other uses
The song was chosen as the Buffalo Sabres official goal song as part of an online fan vote on the team's official website.

The song is used to pump up the crowd at Nebraska Cornhuskers football games.

The song is also used as the theme song for BBC Radio Scotland football show Off The Ball.

The song is featured in the film Office Christmas Party.

Shortly after the start of the 2023 MLB season, the Milwaukee Brewers began playing the song in conjunction with their horn at American Family Field, which is sounded after every Brewers home run. The previous song for this occasion was "Touch the Sky" by Kanye West.

Track listing

 * 1) "Let Me Clear My Throat" (Old-School Reunion Edit) – 4:25
 * 2) "Let Me Clear My Throat" (Klassic Kool Original Version) – 4:51
 * 3) "Let Me Clear My Throat" (Old-School Reunion Remix) – 4:53
 * 4) "Let Me Clear My Throat" (45 King Bass 'N' Funk Remix) – 4:32
 * 5) "Let Me Clear My Throat" (Funkmaster Flex Remix) – 3:48
 * 6) "Let Me Clear My Throat" (No 'Damn' Old-School Reunion Remix) – 4:54
 * 7) "Let Me Clear My Throat" (Tupac Tribute Edit) – 1:22

title: Let Me Clear My Throat


text:
User:Shiut~enwiki

Hi, I'm Shiut from Zürich, Switzerland. Born in 1982 on November 23.

Interests
Music: especially electronic music like Big Beat, House and Techno

Films: my favorite movie is Fight Club

Gaming: Counter Strike: Source, Battlefield 2, UT 2004

de: Benutzer: Shiut

als: Benutzer: Shiut

title: User:Shiut~enwiki


text:
Talk:Bakuryū Sentai Abaranger

'Nice story! Not just for kids but also fo adult like me who really loves sentai series. I really like Ryouga. Happy go lucky, responsible, never give up, have all the kind attitude inside him. Don't really have someone like him in the real world huh! But nice story indeed..'

I could swear TopGaler is a tupuxuara, not a quetzalcoatlus..

To jgp and any other supporter of excessive translation
Stop changing the names of the Bakuryuu and other stuff. Whether you like it or not, the show is made in Japan, in Japanese language, for a Japanese audience. So please revert the names to their originals, with translation in parenthesis if you want. Juan Herrera and Pierre Blanc won't become John Smith and Peter White only because an English-speaking guy says so, nor because it's in an English site. 200.104.79.51 03:22, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

What's with all the names of things?
This page is a horrible mess of pesudo-"translation" and.. well, I don't know what to call some of the other stuff. For instance, most of the nicknames are wrong, and good lord, the horrible breakdown of some of the name constructions. What in the world happened here?

Blast Dragons vs Blastasaurus
I thought that Bakuryuu meant "Blast Dragon" what is with all of these name changes?Unknown Dragon 23:52, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Is there an official translation of "bakuryuu" as "blastasaur" from any reliable source? If not, I suggest we change every usage of "blastasaur" to the original "bakuryuu". Blastasaur sounds incredibly childish. Davi Williams 07:20, 11 March 2007 (UTC)
 * It's a direct translation from the kanji 爆竜, which are literally Blast and Dragon, but given the motif of the series, it is translated as "Blastasaur." That and leaving something as Japanese when a translation can be made is unprofessional.— Ryūlóng ( 竜龍 ) 08:12, 11 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Also, please check the timestamps on these things. There was a whole discussion concerning this somewhere (probably at Angel the Techrat's user talk) about why we're using this, as well as an explanation in the article itself.— Ryūlóng ( 竜龍 ) 08:13, 11 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Still don't explain how you got "blastASAUR" out of "Bakuryū." I'm changing everything back to Bakuryū wether you like it or not. And if you revert it back to your opinionated interpretation of the word again I'll just change it back :)Rayayala17 (talk) 19:43, 8 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Because "Dinosaur" is "Kyoryu" and the show is "Bakuryu".— Ryūlóng ( 琉竜 ) 00:06, 10 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Still doesn't mean it's Blastasuar. You think you're pretty slick blocking me from making edits on here, but I can still make manual edits :) Also, you're "translation" of Bakuryu is nothing more than a opinionated interpretation. I'm sure others will agree. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rayayala17 (talk • contribs)
 * It's not "opinionated" and I'm not blocking you from doing anything. On Wikipedia, we are translating "Bakuryu" as "Burstosaur". Stop changing it without a consensus.— Ryūlóng ( 琉竜 ) 01:33, 10 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Let me put it this way Rayayala17: unless the word "Bakuryū" appears in English in any Abaranger material when referring to the mecha, there is no reason that Wikipedia cannot translate the word as "Burstosaur". All we have is that the title has "Bakuryū" in it officially, but this says nothing of any names of characters. If you change it, again, without a consensus of multiple editors that agree that Wikipedia should use "Bakuryū" over any translation of the Japanese text, I will report you for edit warring.— Ryūlóng ( 琉竜 ) 01:41, 10 June 2014 (UTC)

Wow!
The roll-call of Abaranger resembles Turboranger!

This irritating tennis match
There, I left the odd usage of the term "blastsaurus" in place, but put back the CORRECT nicknames and other information. Angel the Techrat 01:59, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

Firenokodon
Ryulong, why do you keep reverting the picture that adds Firenokodon?Angel the Techrat 07:26, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
 * See your talk page.— Ryūlóng ( 竜 龍 ) 07:27, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I filled out in the summary field exactly what I altered in the "existing article picture".Angel the Techrat 07:33, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
 * But it is not necessary to
 * Depict Firenokodon as he never was prominent in the series and is solely mentioned because he exists somewhere involved with Abaranger, much like GaoPanda and Gaoranger
 * Upload an image that is nearly identical to another one just to add something that was never in it to begin with
 * Tag a copyrighted image with PD-self
 * — Ryūlóng ( 竜 龍 ) 07:36, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bakuryū Sentai Abaranger


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Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction

The Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction (APRC) is a political party in The Gambia. Founded by army officers who staged the 1994 coup, it was the ruling party from 1996 to 2016 under President Yahya Jammeh.

History
The APRC was formed in 1996 to support coup organiser Yahya Jammeh's successful campaign in the 1996 presidential election. The party ruled over the next twenty years, winning a series of controversial elections. For instance, no other candidates ran in 33 of the 45 National Assembly seats won by the APRC in the 2002 parliamentary elections, as the main opposition boycotted what it described would be an unfair vote.

Despite such criticisms, the APRC was described as very popular amongst the Jola ethnic group. In terms of nationwide percentage, the party's best parliamentary election result was in 2007 (59.7%), while the best presidential election result came in 2011 (71.5%).

Jammeh was ultimately denied a fifth term in the 2016 presidential election by activist Adama Barrow, and the APRC lost a whopping 38 seats in the following year's parliamentary vote, going into opposition for the first time.

New leader Fabakary Jatta has sought to distance the party from the alleged crimes committed by Jammeh during his twenty year rule, and endorsed Barrow's successful re-election campaign in 2021. Jammeh criticised the decision. After the 2022 parliamentary election resulted in a hung parliament for the first time in the country's history, the APRC formed a coalition agreement with Barrow's National People's Party. This cause internal turmoil, as many members, including within the party establishment, remain loyal to Jammeh.


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HMS K13

HMS K13 was a steam-propelled First World War K class submarine of the Royal Navy. She sank in a fatal accident during sea trials in early 1917 and was salvaged and recommissioned as HMS K22.

Design and construction
In early 1915, a requirement arose for a new type of fast submarines capable of operating with the Grand Fleet, which would operate ahead of the fleet in conjunction with the fleet's cruisers and attack an enemy force before the battleships would engage. The submarines would need a speed of at least 21 knots on the surface in the rough waters of the North Sea, with this being beyond the capability of conventional diesel-powered submarines. To meet this requirement, a 1913 design for a steam-powered submarine by the Admiralty's Director of Naval Construction was passed to Vickers for detailed design.

The submarines were 339 ft long overall and 328 ft between perpendiculars, with a beam of 26 ft and a surfaced draught of 17 ft. Displacement was 1980 LT on the surface and 2566 LT submerged. Two Yarrow water-tube boilers fed steam at 235 psi to two sets of Brown-Curtis impulse steam turbines rated at 10500 shp which drove two propeller shafts. This gave a design speed on the surface of 24 kn. Submerged, the submarine was propelled by four electric motors rated at 1440 bhp which gave a design speed of 9–9.5 kn which corresponded to a sea speed of about 8 kn. An 800 bhp auxiliary diesel engine was fitted to power the submarine on the surface when the steam plant was unavailable (for example when the submarine had just surfaced and steam was being raised). This engine drove a dynamo which powered the electric motors or charged the batteries.

The steam engines required large openings in the pressure hull, with two funnels and four air intakes, which had to be closed off and made watertight before the submarine submerged. The funnels hinged into the submarine's superstructure and the openings by the funnels and air intakes sealed by electrically operated valves. The submarine had a range on the surface of 12500 nmi at 10 kn (powered by the diesel engine) or 800 nmi at full power. The submerged endurance was much less than expected, 8 nmi at 8 kn and 30 nmi at 4 kn.

Ten 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes were fitted, with four bow tubes, four beam tubes and two on a revolving mount on the superstructure, A total of 18 torpedoes were carried. Gun armament consisted of two 4 inch (102 mm) guns and one 3-inch (76 mm) anti-aircraft gun. Once in service, the ships proved to be very wet on the surface, with the bow tending to dig down, and one of the 4-inch guns and the revolving torpedo-tube mount was removed. The normal crew was 59 officers and other ranks.

K13 was one of 12 K-class submarines ordered in August 1915, following on from the first 2 ordered in June that year. She was laid down at Fairfield's Govan shipyard in October 1915 as Yard number 522, and was launched on 11 November 1916.

Accident
On 29 January 1917, K13 was undergoing final pre-acceptance trials in the Gareloch, Dunbartonshire, Scotland. During a dive in the morning, a small leak had been reported in the boiler rooms, so a second dive was programmed for the afternoon. All boiler room vents were opened to clear the boiler room of steam to aid searching for the leaks. At about 3:00 pm, the submarine went to diving stations, and after confirming that the engine room had been shut off, the submarine was dived. She had 80 people on board - 53 crew, 14 employees of the shipbuilders, five sub-contractors, five Admiralty officials, Joseph Duncan, a River Clyde pilot, Commander Francis Goodhart and engineering officer, Lieutenant Leslie Rideal, both from her sister ship K14, which was still under construction.

As she dived, seawater was seen to be entering K13's engine room, and the submarine's commanding officer, Lieutenant-Commander Godfrey Herbert ordered watertight doors to be shut and ballast tanks to be blown to bring the submarine to the surface, and then the drop keels released. Despite this, the dive could not be stopped and the submarine was soon stuck fast on the bottom of the Gareloch. The crew of HMS E50, another submarine undergoing trials on the Gareloch, watched K13 dive and became concerned that the dive did not "look right" and raised the alarm. Two men were seen on the surface by Annie MacIntyre, a maid in a hotel a mile or so away, but her report was ignored.

The first rescue vessel, the torpedo gunboat HMS Gossamer (1890) had started searching for K13 using grapples by 23:00. Attempts to send divers down were delayed since Gossamer had a diving-suit but no diver, and when a diver arrived from Fairfields, he was nearly drowned when the suit, which had not been used for years, burst. Despite the lack of proper escape apparatus, Herbert, and the commander of K14, Commander Goodhart, attempted an escape to the surface by using the space between the inner and outer hatches of the conning tower as an airlock. Herbert reached the surface alive, but Goodhart's body was later found trapped in the wheelhouse.

Once at the surface, Herbert was able to co-ordinate rescue efforts, and later that afternoon an airline was connected, which allowed the ballast tanks to be blown and by midday on 31 January the bows had been brought to just above the surface and supported by a barge on each side. A hole was cut through her pressure hull, and at 22:00 the final survivor was rescued from the submarine. 32 people died in the accident and 48 were rescued. 31 bodies were expected to be still on the submarine, but only 29 were found, and it was concluded that the maid had indeed seen two people escaping from the engine room. They were later identified as Engineer-Lieutenant Arthur Lane and Fairfield foreman John Steel. Lane's body was recovered from the Clyde two months later, Steel's body was never found.

At 6 p.m. the following day, K13 tore the bollards out of the barges and sank again, flooding through the hole. The submarine was finally salvaged on 15 March, repaired and recommissioned as HMS K22.

The court of enquiry found that four of the 37 inch (940 mm) diameter ventilators had been left open during the dive, and that the indicator lever in the control room had actually showed them as open. The engine room hatch was also found to be open.

Subsequent service
K13 was raised on 15 March 1917, and was subsequently refurbished and entered service under the name K22, completing on 18 October 1917, joining the 13th Submarine Flotilla.

On the night of 31 January 1918, units of the Grand Fleet, including the 13th Submarine Flotilla (the flotilla leader HMS Ithuriel (1916) and the submarines HMS K11, HMS K12, HMS K14, HMS K17 and K22) and the 12th Submarine Flotilla (the light cruiser HMS Fearless (1912) and the submarines HMS K3, HMS K4, HMS K6 and HMS K7) set out from Rosyth to take part in exercises. Despite the night being very dark, with occasional patches of fog, the ships were running without lights. When K14 altered course to avoid a number of minesweepers ahead of her, her rudder jammed and she was rammed by K22. The two disabled submarines were then overtaken by the heavier units of the fleet, and K22 was struck by the battlecruiser HMS Inflexible (1907), destroying the external ballast tanks on K22's starboard side. Despite the damage, both submarines remained afloat, with K22 making her way back to port under her own power. On hearing distress signals from the two submarines, Commander E. Leir aboard Ithuriel decided to turn the Flotilla back to go to the assistance of K14 and K22. This put the flotilla on a collision course with the rest of the fleet, including the 12th Submarine Flotilla. On meeting the fleet, Ithuriel had to turn to avoid the battlecruiser HMAS Australia (1911), which took the flotilla directly into the path of the 12th Flotilla. Fearless collided with K17, which sank, then K4, following Fearless, pulled out of line and stopped to avoid hitting K17 and Fearless, and was herself hit by K6, which cut K4 in two, and K7. Two submarines had been sunk with 103 killed.

K22 remained part of the 13th Flotilla at the end of the war, and by March 1919 was part of the 3rd Submarine Flotilla. She was sold for scrap on 16 December 1926.

Memorials
The war graves and a monument to those who lost their lives in the K13 sinking was erected by the ship's company, of the submarine depot at Fort Blockhouse, Gosport. It is to be found at the entrance to Faslane Cemetery, at the head of the Gare Loch.

A memorial to the disaster was erected in Carlingford, New South Wales, Australia, paid for by the widow of Charles Freestone, a leading telegraphist on K13 who survived the accident to later emigrate and prosper in Australia. The memorial was unveiled on 10 September 1961 and has the inscription "This memorial has been created in memory of those officers and men of the Commonwealth who gave their lives in submarines while serving the cause of freedom." Set inside a pool of water surrounded by stone, it is composed of large (taller than a man) white letters saying "K13". There is a further memorial in Elder Park, Govan, opposite the Fairfield shipyard.

title: HMS K13


text:
Gambian People's Party

The Gambian People's Party (GPP) was a political party in the Gambia. It was founded by Assan Musa Camara in February 1986 and formally launched on 29 March 1986. GPP was a splinter group of the governing People's Progressive Party. The party got 15.5% of the votes in the 1987 parliamentary elections and 7.96% in the 1992 elections, but it never won a parliamentary seat. Camara contested as the presidential candidate of the party in 1987, and got 29,428 votes (14%). In the 1992 presidential election, he got 8% of the votes. The party was banned after the 1994 military coup, and its leading members barred from participating in politics.

title: Gambian People's Party


text:
National Reconciliation Party

The National Reconciliation Party is a political party in The Gambia. It was founded in 1996 and is led by its founder Hamat Bah.

Previously an opposition party, it has now been part of a coalition government headed by President Adama Barrow since 2017.

History
The National Reconciliation Party was founded in 1996 by Hamat Bah as part of his intention to run for the presidency. He ultimately finished third in the presidential election, which was won by Yahya Jammeh. The party remained in opposition to him for the next twenty years.

The NRP was part of Coalition 2016, which fielded activist Adama Barrow as their candidate and successfully denied Jammeh a fifth term in that year’s presidential election. The party has since been a key member of Barrow’s government, with Bah serving as Minister of Tourism and Culture.

Notable members

 * Hamat Bah, Leader of the NRP (1996–present), NAM (1997–2005), Minister of Tourism and Culture (2017–present)
 * Modou Bamba Gaye, NAM (2015–2017)
 * Samba Jallow, NAM (2012–present), National Assembly Minority Leader (2012–present)

title: National Reconciliation Party


text:
People's Democratic Organisation for Independence and Socialism

The People's Democratic Organisation for Independence and Socialism (PDOIS) is a socialist political party in the Gambia. Since 2005, it has been part of the National Alliance for Democracy and Development (NADD). It was part of Coalition 2016 in the 2016 presidential election, whose candidate, Adama Barrow, defeated long-time incumbent Yahya Jammeh. The PDOIS also publishes a party newspaper, Foroyaa, which was noted for its opposition to the Jammeh regime.

History
The party was founded on 31 July 1986. It emerged from an earlier group, the People's Movement for Independence against Neo-Colonialism and Capitalism in The Gambia (PMINCC), whose members included Halifa Sallah, Sam Sarr, Amie Sillah, Adama Bah and Momodou Sarho. The PMINCC were also believed to be the publishers of the newspaper The Voice of the Future, and six members were put on trial for its publication in 1984, although all were acquitted.

Initially, the PDOIS had no official leader until December 1997, when Sidia Jatta was chosen as its first leader. It began publishing its own newspaper, Foroyaa, in July 1987, where it was critical of the pro-Western foreign policy of Dawda Jawara, and opposed the Senegambia Confederation. In 1987, it put forward five candidates in the parliamentary election, but all were defeated. In 1992, it put forward 14 candidates, but again, all were defeated. Jatta stood in the presidential election that year, and came fourth, winning 5.24% of the vote. The PDOIS was not banned following the 1994 coup by Yahya Jammeh as it did not publicly denounce it, but both Jatta and Sallah turned down the cabinet posts they were offered.

Jatta won 3% of the vote in the 1996 and 2001 presidential elections. In the 1997 parliamentary election, Jatta won their first seat in the National Assembly of Wuli West. In 2002, Jatta retained the seat and Sallah additionally won the seat of Serekunda Central. From 2002 to 2007, PDOIS was the largest opposition party in the National Assembly, and Sallah served as Leader of the Opposition. In 2005, the PDOIS joined the National Alliance for Democracy and Development (NADD), and Sallah was selected as the NADD candidate in the 2006 presidential election, but only won 6% of the vote. In the 2007 parliamentary election, NADD only won one seat, Jatta's, with Sallah losing his.

Leadership
The party is led by a Central Committee, which is the highest working body of the party. It is composed of the following positions:
 * Chairperson – Sidia Jatta
 * Vice Chairperson
 * Secretary General – Halifa Sallah
 * Secretary to the Political Bureau
 * Secretary to the Information Bureau – Sam Sarr
 * Secretary to the Organizing Bureau
 * Secretary to the Bureau on Women and Child Affairs – Amie Sillah
 * Secretary to the Youth Bureau
 * Treasurer
 * Auditor
 * Other members as the party Congress determines


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National Convention Party (The Gambia)

The National Convention Party (NCP) is a centre-left political party in Gambia. It was the main opposition party between 1975 and 1994. It was originally founded on 7 September 1975 when it first launched at Busumbala by former vice-president Sheriff Mustapha Dibba two weeks after his expulsion from the People's Progressive Party (PPP). It initially welcomed the 1994 coup but was banned from participating in elections in August 1994. Prior to the 1992 elections, the party faced a series of setbacks as many of its leaders rejoin the PPP. Its candidate at the presidential elections of 18 October 2001, Sheriff Dibba, came fourth with 3.77% of the popular vote. At the last legislative elections, held on 17 January 2002, the party won no seats. When the party was formed, the then president of the country Dawda Jawara predicted that it would not last more than three months. The NCP was part of the Coalition 2016 for the 2016 presidential election, where Adama Barrow was declared the opposition's candidate and subsequently won.

title: National Convention Party (The Gambia)


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People's Progressive Party (The Gambia)

The People's Progressive Party is a political party in the Gambia. It was the dominant ruling party of the House of Representatives and the presidency from 1962 to 1994. The president throughout this time period was Dawda Jawara. The People's Progressive Party lost power after the 1994 Gambian coup d'état, a military coup led by young, junior military officers. The Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction (APRC) then became the dominant party of the Gambia. The People's Progressive Party remains active, but lacking the same level of support it garnered in the 20th century.

History
The party was founded in 1959 as the Protectorate People's Party (PPP) and was later changed to the People's Progressive Party. The party won the 1962 general election, and in October 1963, upon the attainment of self-government, their leader, Dawda Jawara, became Prime Minister of the Gambia. With the republican referendum in 1970, Jawara became the first President of the Gambia.

The 1981 Gambian coup d'état attempt was an attempt to overthrow the incumbent government when the PPP was in power. It was a civilian led coup-attempt with some support from the Gambia Field Force. The death toll is debated, being anywhere from 500 to 1,000 lives lost. The coup was put down by Senegalese intervention and as a result, Senegal and the Gambia formed the Senegambia Confederation.

The People's Progressive Party lost political power following the 1994 Gambian coup d'état. The coup was carried out by military officers in the Gambian National Army (GNA). It was a bloodless coup that managed to overthrow Dawda Jawara. The Gambia was ruled militarily until 1996 when Yahya Jammeh was elected as president with the Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction (APRC) as his party. The subsequent National Assembly elections brought even more power to the APRC, winning 33 out of the 45 seats.

The People's Progressive Party was banned by the APRC in all subsequent elections; however, it has joined with other opposition parties to form political coalitions. In 2005, the PPP joined the opposition coalition National Alliance for Democracy and Development (NADD). Then for the 2016 presidential election, PPP joined the Coalition 2016, where Adama Barrow was declared the coalition's candidate and subsequently won.

Ideology
The People's Progressive Party was created by rural populations as a reaction against urban areas exerting control over the political arena post-colonialism.

The People's Progressive Party's website currently states, "The PPP believes that a less pervasive and intrusive government as opposed to the current over-centralized and authoritarian regime is necessary in order to release the creative energies of the Gambian people and to encourage wider social, economic, and political inclusion. Our party intends to reduce the power of government and return to grassroots democracy."

Opposition
Throughout the People's Progressive Party's period in Gambian national spotlight, there were times of growing discontent with the government. Not only did opposition candidates stem from that discontent, but many opposition parties were created to run against the PPP.

National Convention Party (NCP)
The National Convention Party (NCP) was an opposition party to the PPP launched on September 7, 1975. The leader of the party at the time was Sheriff M. Dibba, the former first Vice-President of the Gambia. After a political scandal, he resigned as Vice-President in 1972 and later founded the NCP.

The 1981 Gambian coup d'état was led by a former NCP candidate. Members of the People's Progressive Party suspected that the NCP was in support of the coup attempt and subsequently, many members of the NCP were arrested.

In the 1987 elections, the NCP won five seats in the legislature. Though Dawda Jawara won the presidential election, Dibba, the presidential candidate from the NCP, won 28% of the vote. Then in 1992, the NCP won six seats in the legislature.

Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction (APRC)
The Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction (APRC) is a political party formed after the 1994 coup d'état. The ideology that led to the coup was discontent with the PPP; alleged corruption and a lack of economic development over time. The main figure that dominated the APRC was Yahya Jammeh, who became president in 1996 and served until the 2016 Gambian presidential election. Under Jammeh and the APRC's rule, there were numerous reports of human rights abuses and suppression of the media.

Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara
Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara served as the leader of the People's Progressive Party from 1959 until 1994 when he was overthrown. He is responsible for changing the name of the party from the Protectorate People's Party to the People's Progressive Party. Before serving as president for the Gambia he was elected into the legislature in 1960. During this time, he also served as the minister of education. He later became the prime minister of the Gambia in 1962 and was knighted in 1966, following independence. Upon the creation of a new constitution in 1970, Jawara became the president and served until the 1994 Gambian coup d'état.

Following the coup, Jawara was exiled and lived in Senegal and later London. He was later given amnesty but was not given the right to participate in the Gambian political arena. He formally resigned as PPP leader in 2002.

Jawara died on August 27, 2019, at 95 years old.

Omar A. Jallow
Omar A. Jallow succeeded Jawara as leader of the People's Progressive Party. He was a member of Dawda Jawara's cabinet up until the 1994 coup d'état, when he was arrested. Under the Jammeh administration, he was reportedly jailed over 22 times.

After Jammeh was not re-elected following the 2016 Gambian presidential election, Jallow was appointed the minister of agriculture as he was in the Jawara administration.

At the 2018 national convention, the party's first since its ban was lifted, Jallow stepped down as leader. Papa Njie was elected in his place. In 2020, Njie was appointed as the Gambian High Commissioner to Nigeria. Kebba E. Jallow then became interim leader, and was elected as leader at the party's 2021 national convention.

title: People's Progressive Party (The Gambia)


text:
User:Daddysmutantkid

Date of birth: 03 December 1979

Nationality: German (considers emigration)

Suffers from: paresis

My Livejournal

title: User:Daddysmutantkid


text:
Trowlock Island

Trowlock Island is a residential island in the River Thames 450 m upstream of Teddington Lock on the non-tidal Kingston reach less than 10 metres from the northern bank, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, England.

Geography
Teddington Lock's Weir is a large structure on the same side of the river by Teddington Studios and the Lensbury Club, which is 450 m downstream. From the Thames Path crossing across the Lock in the north Ham is accessible. From the Teddington riverside by the island, stations of Hampton Wick and Teddington are 1.4 km and 1.9 km respectively by foot or road and therefore the centre of Hampton Wick is closer to the island than any other settlement.

Trowlock Island contains 29 bungalows in plots as well as the Royal Canoe Club's clubhouse and gym. Trowlock Island is about a third of a mile (535 metres) long with a path down the middle and houses on either side. Beyond the last house is a lightly wooded area with moorings on both the main river and the backwater.

History
Like many islands in the Thames, the form of the island has changed over time, being shown as three separate islets on John Rocque's map of 1746. The name derives from Trow, a type of barge averaging 50–60 tons. Harry Gibbs' boat building firm was located on the island in 1910.

Transport
Access is by way of a hand-wound chain ferry.

Maintenance and facilities
Trowlock Island Limited manages the shared infrastructure of the island and its board of directors is elected by the shareholders — each bungalow or plot of land carries with it a number of shares so that all houseowners plus the Royal Canoe Club collectively own the company. The Canoe Club has made a recent significant investment in providing new facilities for young people, including a new gym, boatsheds and training facility. Included in this re-development is a plan for encouraging bio-diversity, such as bats (pipistrelle and Daubenton's bat being the species most likely to be found in the area), water fowl and rare species of cultivated plants.

A short of a video of Trowlock island in summer, that takes a viewer around the island, is available.

Wildlife
The island, with surrounding water and banks of reach of the Thames are home to numerous species of wildlife; the following can be seen as nesting nearby:

Notes and references

 * Notes
 * References

title: Trowlock Island


text:
File:Shiutinadam.jpg

Myself in Amsterdam

title: File:Shiutinadam.jpg


text:
Master Carver

The Master Carver or  Hereditary Carver is a member of the Royal household of Scotland. A Crown Charter of 1704 ratified by Parliament in 1705, erected Sir William Anstruther's land into the Barony of Anstruther and conferred upon him the heritable offices of Master Carver and one of the Masters of the Household. It is not clear why the office was created, except that the family appears to have held similar offices from 1585 onwards. The current holder of the office is Sir Sebastian Anstruther of Balcluskie.

title: Master Carver


text:
Fudōnosawa Station

Fudōnosawa Station (不動の沢駅) was a JR East railway station located in Kesennuma, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Services to the station have been suspended since the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami and have now been replaced by a provisional bus rapid transit line.

Lines
Fudōnosawa Station was served by the Kesennuma Line, and is located 69.6 rail kilometers from the terminus of the line at Maeyachi Station.

Station layout
Fudōnosawa Station had one side platform serving a single bi-directional track. The station was unattended.

History
Fudōnosawa Station opened on 10 October 1960. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of the Japan National Railways (JNR) on April 1, 1987. Services to the station have been suspended since the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami and have now been replaced by a provisional bus rapid transit line, and the former platform and station building modified into a bus station.

Surrounding area

 * Kesennuma General Hospital
 * Japan National Route 45

title: Fudōnosawa Station


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Ludwig Straus

Ludwig Straus (March 28, 1835 – October 23, 1899) was an Austrian violinist. Straus was born at Pressburg. He studied at the Vienna Conservatorium from 1843 to 1848, as a pupil of Böhm; made his first appearance in 1850, and five years afterwards made a tour in Italy; in 1857 he became acquainted with his lifelong friend, the cellist Piatti, and toured with him in Germany and Sweden. From 1860 to 1864 he was concert-meister at Frankfurt, and during these years he visited England frequently, in the year 1864 taking up his residence there.

He was for many years leader of the Halle orchestra in Manchester, and a familiar figure at the Popular Concerts in London. He was first violin in the Queen's Band. He retired, owing to ill health, in 1893, and from that time till his death, lived at Cambridge.

His playing, whether of violin or viola, had very great qualities; he was perfect in ensemble, and his power of self-effacement was of a piece with his gentle disposition and with the pure love of art which distinguished him through life. He was known for his lovable nature and his quiet influence in his work affected his times.

He was the uncle and guardian of the chemist Ida Freund. Her estate later gave money to the Royal Manchester College of Music in his name.

title: Ludwig Straus


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User:Darllen

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title: User:Darllen


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Late Night Poker

Late Night Poker is a British television series that helped popularize poker in the 2000s. It used "under the table" cameras that enabled the viewer to see each player's cards.

The show originally ran for six series between 1999 and 2002. After a couple of spin-off series, Late Night Poker Ace and Late Night Poker Masters, it returned in 2008.

Late Night Poker 2011
The series returned to Channel 4 for its 10th series in 2011. Sponsored by Gala Coral Group, 32 players competed for the $150,000 first prize. Commentary on the series was provided by two of the UK's top poker professionals, Victoria Coren and James Akenhead.

Some of the top players in action were Luke Schwartz, Roberto Romanello, Vanessa Selbst, Jake Cody, James Bord and Liv Boeree. The field contained five former Late Night Poker champions, Dave Ulliott (also known as Devilfish), Simon Trumper, Padraig Parkinson, Peter Costa and John Duthie.

The series was broadcast on Tuesday nights after midnight from 3 October – 6 December 2011.

History
Back in 1999, the Cardiff-based television production company Presentable approached Channel 4 with the idea of producing a series in the form of a poker tournament. At the time, poker had never been shown on UK TV. Channel 4 commissioned the series and Late Night Poker was born.

The first series aired in July 1999 and very quickly built a cult audience. Viewers were captivated by the dark, smoky, intimate studio atmosphere and the quirky characters of the professional poker players sat around the table. The variation of poker they were playing was No Limit Texas Hold'Em, a variation relatively unknown in the UK at the time.

The first series was won by Dave Ulliott who became the UK's first poker celebrity. Other players who became regulars on the series included Series 2 winner, Simon Trumper, Surinder Sunar, Liam Flood, Dave Colclough, Kourosh and the 4 players known collectively as the Hendon Mob, Joe Beevers, Barny Boatman, Ross Boatman and Ram Vaswani.

A celebrity version of the show was produced on 12 October 2000, featuring (in finishing order from 1st to 7th place) Anthony Holden, Al Alvarez, Martin Amis, Victoria Coren, Patrick Marber, Stephen Fry and Ricky Gervais. This led into the creation of spin-off series Celebrity Poker Club on Challenge in 2003.

Late Night Poker ran for six series from 1999 until 2002. A couple of spin-off series, Late Night Poker Ace and Late Night Poker Masters were aired between 2005 and 2007. In 2008, Late Night Poker returned for its 7th series and continued annually until 2011.

Crew
An integral part of the series were the tournament referee and dealers. From the very start of Late Night Poker, experienced referee, Austrian Thomas Kremser has presided over the action. In the early series, he was accompanied by dealers Marina Kremser and Peter Schmid, and, later on, Stevie Pollak, who replaced Schmid. The commentary on Late Night Poker has at times created as much interest as the action on the table. In the first few series, the commentators were Jesse May and Nic Szeremeta. Jesse actually appeared in the first series as a player under the pseudonym "Mickey Dane".

Other commentators in the series have included Barny Boatman, Lucy Rokach, Victoria Coren, Gary Jones and Richard Orford. For the 10th series, the commentators were Victoria Coren and James Akenhead.

Format
In the 10th series, there were four heats of eight players with the players finishing 1st and 2nd in each heat qualifying for the final. The winners of each heat started the final with 50,000 in chips, while the runners-up started with 30,000 in chips. Each of the heats and final was shown across 2x 60-minute programmes - 10 programmes in total.

Most of the previous series of Late Night Poker consisted of 9 programmes - 7 heats, one semi-final, and the final. Each heat had seven players. The seven winners of the heats progressed straight to the final, and the runners-up went to the semi-final, where one additional player progresses, for a final table of 8 players.

(NB: The first series featured five heats, with the players finishing 1st and 2nd in each progressing to the final. The players who qualified by finishing first in their heat started the final with twice as many chips as the heat runners-up.)

Although the precise sums of money involved have varied, the typical buy-in has been in the region of £1,500, with a first prize of between £40,000 and £60,000. In recent years, the buy-in had considerably increased. In the 10th series, the buy-in was $10,000 creating a prize pot of $320,000 with the winner banking $150,000.

Under-the-table cameras
Late Night Poker's success is largely attributable to its "under-the-table" cameras (later known as hole cams) which allowed the viewers and commentators to see the players' cards through the transparent table. It is doubtful poker could succeed as a spectator sport otherwise, but American broadcasters have subsequently used a similar technique in programmes such as World Poker Tour.

Nevertheless, in contrast to most Poker shows, in its early series, Late Night Poker tended to use these cameras in a rather minimalist way. For example, in a two-way pot, often only one player's cards were shown, with the commentators trying to infer from the other player's actions what cards he or she held, and how the first player should act. Because of this, the commentary often mirrored the actual decision-making process of a Poker player. Only late in the hand, at the time of a critical decision, would the other player's cards be shown, possibly revealing a startling bluff or an unexpectedly strong hand.

Sponsors
The original 6 series of Late Night Poker did not have a sponsor. However, with the creation of online poker came online poker companies and sponsored players, by the mid 2000s, most TV poker shows were sponsored by one of these online companies.

The Late Night Poker spin-off series, Late Night Poker Ace and Late Night Poker Masters and Series 7 of Late Night Poker were sponsored by PartyPoker. Series 8 and 9 of Late Night Poker were sponsored by Full Tilt Poker. Series 10 was sponsored by Coral.

title: Late Night Poker