text:
The Private Life of Chairman Mao

The Private Life of Chairman Mao: The Memoirs of Mao's Personal Physician is a memoir by Li Zhisui, one of the physicians to Mao Zedong, former Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, which was first published in 1994. Li had emigrated to the United States in the years after Mao's death. The book describes the time during which Li was Mao's physician, beginning with his return to China after training in Australia, through the height of Mao's power to his death in 1976 including the diverse details of Mao's personality, sexual proclivities, party politics and personal habits.

The book was controversial and ultimately banned in the People's Republic of China. The archive about Mao is strictly confidential and controlled by the General Office of the Chinese Communist Party.

Background and publication
Li Zhisui was Mao Zedong's personal physician for twenty-two years, and Li claimed that during this time he became a close confidant of the Chinese leader. After emigrating to the United States, Li wrote The Private Life of Chairman Mao based on his memories of his time with Mao. The biography was based on his recollection of journals he had kept, which he had burned during the Cultural Revolution.

The original manuscript was written by Li, translated from his native Chinese into English by Professor Tai Hung-chao, then edited by Anne F. Thurston. The foreword to the book was written by Professor Andrew J. Nathan of Columbia University, and the book was published by Random House in 1994. Along with the Random House publication, a Chinese language edition was released by the Chinese Times Publishing Company of Tapei. The book was banned by the government in the People's Republic of China, as have many works criticizing Mao on a personal level, and they subsequently also publicly denounced both the book and a BBC documentary that used it as a basis.

After publication, several people criticized the publication process. Tai claimed that the English-language publisher, Random House, wanted more sensationalist elements to the book than Li had provided, in particular requesting more information about Mao's sexual relationships. Despite Li's own protestations, they overruled him, and put such claims in the published text. Li claimed that Thurston cut substantial parts of his original manuscript without his knowledge. Alterations to the Chinese version of the book included the removal of controversial statements about the Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping, who was still alive and in power of the People's Republic at the time of publication.

Li believed that the Chinese language edition of the book was not directly based upon his original Chinese manuscript, but that it was instead a translation based upon the English version.

Synopsis
The book discusses the 22 years for which Li maintains he was Mao's personal physician. After a brief summary of his family and personal history, Li discusses how he came to treat first the senior Chinese communist officials, then in 1954 Mao himself until Mao's death in 1976. Much of the text discusses the difficulties and frustrations faced by Li attempting to deal with the politics, infighting and personal conflicts of the upper echelons of the Chinese Communist Party, as well as the difficulties dealing with both Mao as a patient and other high-ranking officials, such as Mao's wife, the hypochondriac Jiang Qing, Mao's complaining daughter Li Na, and Lin Biao, whom the book says was mentally unstable.

The book also discusses the political climate and events of China in the same period. These include Mao's role in orchestrating events such as the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and various purges of members of the Communist Party. A significant portion of the narrative involves treatment of Mao's physical and mental health complaints and Li's personal assessments of how Mao handled the personalities and disputes of the party members that surrounded him. Li also details his disgust and frustrations towards the sycophancy and opportunism of high-ranking officials, such as Zhou Enlai, Deng Yingchao, Yang Shangkun, Lin Biao, Chen Boda, and Zhang Yufeng in carrying out Mao and Jiang Qing's orders against their better judgement, and the effect their actions had on Li's ability to provide medical treatment for Mao. He does however have praise for Wang Dongxing, Luo Ruiqing, Hua Guofeng, Marshals Ye Jianying and Peng Dehuai as the few honest individuals within the system who were willing to challenge Mao, albeit with varying degrees of success.

A significant theme in the book is Li's gradual transition from his initial sincere admiration for Mao as a leader of the country to his eventual disgust, contempt, and personal dislike of the leader due to Mao's manipulation of people and events, odd sexual habits, abuses of power, substitution of slogans, and cult of personality for knowledge of modern science or administrative ability, and above all Mao's indifference to the suffering of the general population due to his failed policies. Throughout the book, Li compares Mao to the historical Chinese Emperors in the tactics he used to control people around him, noting Mao's frequent references to and reading of the histories of Imperial China.

Media reaction
The book was reviewed by The New York Times, which described it as "an extraordinarily intimate portrait" containing many details about Mao's time of rule and associations with other major figures in the government, but one that presented few new revelations about the political or diplomatic history of Maoist China. The review stated that though there may never be absolute corroboration of the book and its many anecdotes, its contents are supported by the numerous pictures of Li with Mao on his many trips, as well as the consistency of the details with the information known by specialists of Chinese history and politics. The book also highlighted the hypocritical, often decadent lifestyle Mao experienced, while enforcing strict political and secular restrictions, as well as harmful ideological changes on the population.

The book was also reviewed by the Council on Foreign Relations magazine Foreign Affairs. Criticized for being based on Li's memory and a recreation of his journals in 1977 (the originals were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution out of fear for their possible impact on Li or his family), the review stated that despite this weakness there is "no obvious reason to doubt that Dr. Li is genuine and that his book represents a reasonable effort to record his experiences" and its credibility was enhanced for being edited and reviewed by scholars of Chinese history. The book was praised for probably being the best, or only source for information about larger Chinese political events, disputes within the Chinese high command, and Mao's private life and character. The review highlighted criticisms of Mao's indifference and lack of awareness of the general suffering within the general population of the country, his sexual excesses and intolerance to criticism or challenge, while cautioning against using the personal details of the book to draw general lessons on the nation and revolution.

Writing for The Christian Science Monitor, reviewer Ann Tyson described Li's role as trapped dealing with a man he learned to despise, sacrificing his family life, professional goals, and personal convictions. Tyson also pointed out the threats made by Chinese authorities to confiscate his house upon learning he was writing a memoir, following through with their threat in 1992.

Reviewing the book for the Daily News of Bowling Green, Kentucky, historian Robert Antony described it as an "intimate, candid account of one of the most powerful men in the modern world" and "a haunting tale of intrigue and debauchery in the court of Mao Zedong, as could only be told by a member of the inner circle" and described Li's journey from an idealized patriot who idolized Mao, to a critic disillusioned by Mao's hypocrisy and philandering.

In 2009 Wasafiri magazine included The Private Life of Chairman Mao on its list of 25 Most Influential Books published in the previous quarter-century.

Positive
According to Lorenz M. Lüthi, The Private Life of Chairman Mao "turned out to be a relatively reliable source" that he could verify through comparisons with other documents. Historian Frank Dikötter, wrote in his book, Mao's Great Famine, that Li is "a very reliable guide whose recollections can be verified, sometimes almost verbatim, in the party archives", although he notes that he has also been much maligned by some sinologists.

Negative
Several people have questioned the authenticity of the book. Li's memoirs were not based on original records or personal diaries. During the Cultural Revolution, he burnt all of his original diaries and, as such, the book was based on restructured memories which might be wrong or fallible as Li's collaborator, Anne Thurston, admitted. Historian Frederick Teiwes accused Li of being "anti-Mao". According to Tai Hung-chao, who was the translator of the book, Random House, the company which published the book, wanted to add more "juicy bits" to the book such as Mao's sex life in order to attract a larger readership. Li disagreed with this line of approach, but eventually gave in to it. A statement protesting that many of the claims made in Li's book were false was issued soon after its publication, signed by 150 people who had personally known or worked with Mao, including Wang Dongxing, Li Yinqiao and Ye Zilong.

Inconsistencies between Chinese and English versions
Li, in one of his letters which appeared posthumously (1996), admitted that the Chinese edition of the book was not his original Chinese version but a translation from English and that substantial parts of the original Chinese manuscript were cut by the editor, Anne Thurston. Historian Mobo Gao wonders to what extent the English version of the book was written by Li himself. In the Chinese version, claims such as that the memoirs were based on Li's diaries, that Li was the best doctor in China, and that Li could recall Mao's words verbatim are absent. Absent in the Chinese version are also claims about Mao's womanizing behaviour spreading venereal disease, statements like "I [Mao] wash myself inside the bodies of my women" or Mao was "devoid of human feelings", as well as some of Thurston's notes. Gao notes that such omissions are an indication that these outrageous claims would've been appealing to Western readers, however they couldn't be included in the Chinese version because they would've been seen as obviously false to Chinese insiders. Other outrageous claims, such as "Deng Xiaoping made a nurse pregnant and the nurse was forced to have an abortion", were omitted for political reasons and also because the publisher knew that the Chinese readers couldn't be fooled so easily with such an unsubstantiated claim.

Lin, Xu and Wu rebuttal
In 1995, a Chinese language book was published in Hong Kong, entitled Lishi de Zhenshi: Mao Zedong Shenbian Gongzuo Renyuan de Zhengyan (meaning The Truth of History: Testimony of the personnel who had worked with Mao Zedong). It was written by three people who had known Mao personally: his personal secretary Lin Ke, his personal doctor from 1953 to 1957, Xu Tao and his chief nurse from 1953 to 1974, Wu Xujun. They argued that Li did not only not know Mao very well, but that he presented an inaccurate picture of him in his book. The trio disproved Li's claim that he had been Mao's personal physician in 1954, by presenting copies of a document from Mao's medical record showing that Li only took on the responsibility for caring for Mao on 3 June 1957. Wu goes on to argue that whilst much of Li's memoir is devoted to talking about Mao in the period between 1954 and 1957, Li was not his general practitioner during this period, and therefore would not have had access to the personal information that he claimed. Lin, Xu and Wu also criticise a number of Li's other claims as being impossible. For instance, whilst Li claimed that he was present at exclusive meetings for high-ranking Communist Party members such as the CCP Politburo Standing Committee meetings, Lin et al. argued that it would have been an extreme breach of protocol for him to be allowed into these events, though it is difficult to conclude that this would have been impossible. In one particular case, Li claimed to have witnessed a public argument between Mao and Deng Xiaoping at the 8th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in September 1956, with the latter criticizing the use of personality cult centered around Mao in China, which Li alleged Mao favored. Lin et al. argue, however, that Mao himself had publicly criticized the personality cult in April 1956, when he stated that it was a lesson to be learned from the regime of Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union. Lin et al. therefore believe that the debate between Mao and Deng that Li was referring to simply never happened, though not everyone would draw the same conclusion.

They also criticise some of Li's claims regarding Mao's personal life, for instance challenging his assertion that Mao was sterile, in which they are supported by Professor Wu Jieping, who was another of Mao's medical care-givers. They theorise that Li had fabricated this story in order to explain why Mao did not have many illegitimate children with the many women that, Li controversially claimed, he had sexual intercourse with.

Other critics
Another Chinese critic of Li's work was Qi Benyu, who was formerly a member of the Cultural Revolution radicals in Beijing. Qi had been arrested and imprisoned at Mao's order in 1968, subsequently spending the next eighteen years in prison. Despite his persecution at the hand of Mao however, Qi criticised Li's portrayal of the Chinese leader, claiming that "aside from his account of the support-the-left activities (zhi zuo) in which he [Li] personally participated, most of the Cultural Revolution part of his memoirs consists of stuff gleaned from newspapers, journals and other people's writings. To make Western readers believe that he had access to core secrets, Li fabricated scenarios, resulting in countless errors in his memoirs." Having lived in proximity to Mao for a number of years, Qi remarked that during this time he heard no rumour of Mao ever having extra-marital affairs despite the fact that other senior Party members were known to, and that Mao was always respectful towards "female comrades". Due to this and other reasons, Qi believed Li's claim that Mao had affairs was a lie.

Frederick Teiwes, an American academic specializing in the study of Maoist China, was also critical of The Private Life of Chairman Mao, arguing in his book The Tragedy of Lin Biao: Riding the Tiger during the Cultural Revolution 1966-1971 (1996) that despite Li's extensive claims regarding the politics behind the Cultural Revolution, he was actually "on the fringe" of the events taking place in the Chinese government. He went on to criticise the book as being overtly and polemically "anti-Mao", being "uncritical" in its outlook and being "dependent on the official sources" to create a picture of the revolution. He characterised Li's book as offering nothing new but "recycling widely available information and interpretations".

The Private Life of Chairman Mao was presented as revealing new information about Mao, but historian Mobo Gao has argued, "For those who are familiar with the literature in Chinese, there was in fact very little that was really new in the book when it hit the Western market. For the significant figures and events described in Li's book, memoirs and biographies published previously in China and Hong Kong have revealed as much, if not more."

title: The Private Life of Chairman Mao


text:
User talk:Talrias/Templates

I'm very grateful for any feedback on these designs. If you have comments, please don't hesitate in adding them. I will reply on this page, to keep the discussion flowing.

Comments
Very good - I'm liking the idea of a border on the left but not the right.

Two things I thought of:
 * 1) Try making active discussions (such as FAC) stand out from inactive ones (such as FACfailed)
 * 2) The wikiproject looks a little odd, having a different border colour and size - anything you can think of to improve it?

It's looking good! violet/riga (t) 16:40, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your comments! I'm not sure how to handle the Wikiproject templates, since they are more or less done by Wikiproject. Maybe they should be left alone. I've brighted up the template background for the active discussion templates (, and ), so there is more contrast. It should be more eye-grabbing. Talrias (t | e | c) 16:52, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure if they stand out quite enough, but then I'm not sure if mine do either. I agree with you about the wikiprojects - best not to mess with them too much.  I like the way you've done this, and it's nice to see another way of going about it. violet/riga (t) 16:58, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It is possible to make the difference between the surrounding background and the inside background larger. Thanks for your comments. Talrias (t | e | c) 17:02, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I like these colors much better! I see that you've "borrowed" some of my palatte. ;) – ClockworkSoul 15:59, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, glad you like it. Do you have any suggestions for improvements? Talrias (t | e | c) 16:58, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I think it may look better if the colours are not so heavy and low-contrast. How about some lighter, pastelly colours to fit in with the current monobook theme. --Oldak Quill 23:45, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your comments - take a look at User:Talrias/Templates/Pale version, which is a red version with lighter colours. I haven't done all the templates since the two I've done show the general style. Is this more what you had in mind? Talrias (t | e | c) 00:00, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * By the way, the main objective is to determine styles, not colours, at this point. Colours and wording are coming later. Talrias (t | e | c) 00:02, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Talrias/Templates


text:
Tungsten, Northwest Territories

The townsite of Tungsten (shown as Cantung on some maps) is located at Cantung Mine in the Northwest Territories. It is accessible from Watson Lake, Yukon via the Nahanni Range Road.

History
Tungsten was built in 1961 and the tungsten mine went into operation in 1962 as a large open-pit mine in the Mackenzie Mountains. It originally consisted of several small bungalow houses. Total population of Tungsten during the 1960s was approximately 120 persons, including about 27 families. In 1968 families were housed in 28 units (single and duplex housing).

Because of extremely good wages and benefits, turnover rates for the entire operation were quite low. Families benefited from the K-8 Grade school, and later a K-9 system. During the summer months, because of the open pit operation, manpower and townsite population grew to 160. In the mid-1970s, the townsite expanded to include a trailer court, three condominiums, bunkhouse trailers, and in 1982, a modern recreation complex. An 80-man bunkhouse was added in 1983. The town and mine were serviced by an all-weather road to Watson Lake and the, still open, Tungsten (Cantung) Airport, with a single runway measuring 4127 ×.

In 1979 the estimated population had reached 506, of whom 200 were employees. By the fall of 1982, there were 450 residents and about 100 children were enrolled at Tungsten School. The community also had a public telephone exchange operated by Northwestel: area code 403, prefix 777. By 1986, it was estimated that only 280 people were living at Tungsten. The Cantung Mine closed in May 1986, and the townsite was closed. A year or two later, the telephone exchange, with only a handful of active lines on obsolescent electromechanical equipment, was shut down.

Although the mine reopened in 2002, the nature of the mine had changed so that there was no longer an operating townsite with families. The mine closed again in 2003. Following an investment by the Yukon based Kaska Dena Council in December 2004 the mine was reopened in 2005. The original bungalow houses remain to this day, along with the school, and stand as a monument to a time when town life was busy with local residents.

Geography
The community had the distinction of being the only place in the Northwest Territories that was on Pacific Time (used in Yukon) rather than Mountain Time.

Climate
Tungsten has a subarctic climate (Dfc) with long, severely cold winters and short but mild and rainy summers.

title: Tungsten, Northwest Territories


text: Talk:Feverfew

title: Talk:Feverfew


text: User talk:207.195.122.250

title: User talk:207.195.122.250


text:
Stephen Osborne

Stephen, Steven or Steve Osborne may refer to:

 * Stephen Osborne (writer) (born 1947), Canadian writer and editor of Geist magazine
 * Steven Osborne (pianist) (born 1971), British pianist
 * Steve Osborne (born 1963), English music producer
 * Stephen Osborne (athlete) (born 1963), Paralympic athlete from England
 * Steve Osborne (footballer) (born 1969), English footballer

title: Stephen Osborne


text: User talk:80.168.130.100

title: User talk:80.168.130.100


text:
Jarkko Martikainen

Jarkko Martikainen (born 24 October 1970 in Greifswald, GDR) is a Finnish singer, songwriter and member of the rock band YUP. In addition to his musical career, Martikainen has worked as a columnist, a record producer and a documentary filmmaker. Martikainen has also illustrated his first solo-album Mierolainen (2004) and YUP's third album, Toppatakkeja ja Toledon terästä (1994).

Martikainen has a very versatile and distinct voice. His lyrics are satirical and are influenced by old Russian authors like Mikhail Bulgakov and especially Daniil Harms. Martikainen's lifestyle could be described as "a bit of a Tolstoyan".

In 2005, Martikainen published a collection of short stories, Pitkät piikit ja muita kertomuksia, which, among other things, criticizes modern lifestyle and consumerism.

Albums
Live albums

title: Jarkko Martikainen


text:
Talwar-class frigate

The Talwar-class frigates or Project 11356 are a class of stealth guided missile frigates designed and built by Russia for the Indian Navy. The Talwar-class guided missile frigates are the improved versions of the Krivak III-class (Project 1135) frigates used by the Russian Coast Guard. The design has been further developed as the Admiral Grigorovich-class frigate for the Russian Navy. Six ships were built in two batches between 1999 and 2013.

Designed by Severnoye Design Bureau, the first batch of ships were built by Baltic Shipyard and the second batch by Yantar Shipyard. Preceded by the Brahmaputra-class frigates, the Talwar-class frigates are said to have semi-stealth features and better armament. The Indian Navy currently has six of these ships and 4 more are under construction including 2 in an Indian shipyard, for which Goa shipyard was selected.

History
On 17 November 1997, Russia and India signed a $1 billion contract, for three Krivak III-class multi-purpose frigates. The Indian Navy wanted to fill the gap created by the decommissioning of the Leander-class frigates until the Project 17-class frigates entered service.

After the signing of the contract, Severnoye Design Bureau began a detail design layout and the shipbuilder, Baltisky Zavod of St. Petersburg, began preparations for their construction. The project involved around 130 suppliers from Russia, India, Britain, Germany, Denmark, Belarus, Ukraine and other countries including over 30 St. Petersburg-based naval design organizations and institutes.

The first frigate, INS Talwar was delivered in May 2002. The second, INS Trishul, was delivered in November 2002 and the third, INS Tabar, in May 2003. The Russian firm delayed the delivery of three frigates by 13 months, 7 months and 11 months respectively. The contract stipulated the levy of liquidated damages for the delays and the same worked out to the equivalent of US$38.5 million. This was yet to be recovered as of December 2005.

The Government of India signed a follow-on contract for the purchase of three additional frigates on 14 July 2006. These ships will be built at Yantar Shipyard in Kaliningrad. The first frigate was scheduled for delivery in April 2011. These ships will feature BrahMos supersonic anti-ship cruise missile instead of the Klub-N/3M54TE missile system which was provided to the Talwar, Trishul and Tabar frigates.

In July 2012 India Today announced the start of talks about purchasing three additional Talwar-class frigates (No.7 to No.9). In March 2016, it was reported that India and Russia are still negotiating the purchase of the additional ships.

Design and description
The Severnoye Design Bureau developed the Project 1135.6 vessel using an earlier Project 1135.1 design, which dated back to the early 1980s. The ship's redesigned topside and hull has a considerably reduced radar cross-section. While the superstructure sides are sloped and relatively clean, the very cluttered topside of the ship cannot be remotely described as having any signature reducing features. These frigates will be the first Indian Navy warships to incorporate some stealth features. The ship's hull is characterized by outward flare and tumblehome, while the superstructure (which forms a continuous junction with the hull) has a large fixed tumblehome angle.

Power plant
The Talwars features the Zorya designed and Mashproekt (Ukraine) manufactured M7N.1E gas turbine plant which comprises two DS-71 cruise turbines and two DT-59 boost turbines in two engine rooms. The cruising component consists of two DS-71 gas-turbine engines, each rated at 9000 hp in forward running, and 1500 hp in reverse. Two cruising RO63 two-speed gearboxes and one cruising R1063 auxiliary gearbox which makes it possible to use any of the cruising engines to drive both propeller shafts. A boost component with two DT-59.1 gas-turbine engines, each rated at 19500 hp forward running, 4500 hp in reverse and two RO58 single-speed reduction gearboxes. The four gas turbines are mounted on isolated cradles which minimize their contact with the hull and thereby considerably reduce the transmission of her vibration and sound.

Electrical power is provided by four 1 MW Wärtsilä WCM-1000 generator sets with Cummins KTA50G3 engines and Kirloskar 1 MV AC generators. The contract for the generators was signed with Wärtsilä Denmark.

Flight deck
The Talwar class can accommodate one Ka-28 Helix-A antisubmarine helicopter or one Ka-31 Helix-B airborne early warning helicopter which can provide over-the-horizon targeting. The vessel can also embark the navalised variant of the indigenous HAL Dhruv.

Armament
The frigates are armed with a new 3M-54 Klub anti-ship system with a vertical missile launcher, Shtil-1 multi-channel medium-range surface-to-air missile system (an export version of the SA-N-12 "Grizzly"), a Kashtan anti-aircraft missile and artillery system, a RBU-6000 depth charge launcher and Puma-Universal artillery system. These ships are designed to carry and operate one heavy duty helicopter.

Primary weapon
In the main strike role, an eight-cell 3S14E vertical missile launcher is fitted, which accommodates the 3M-54E Klub-N anti-ship missile developed by the Novator Design Bureau. The Agat Research and Production Enterprise has supplied the 3R14N-11356 shipborne fire-control system associated with the Klub-N. The 3M-54E Klub is an 8.22 m long missile using active radar guidance with a range of 220 km. It is a three-stage missile in which the terminal stage reaches supersonic velocity (Mach 2.9) when it is approximately 20 km from its target.

The follow-on order of INS Teg, Tarkash and Trikand are fitted with the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile, which has a range of 300 km and moves with the velocity of Mach 3 throughout its flight.

Air defence
The Shtil-1 SAM system with a 3S-90 missile launcher is fitted forward of the bridge and is armed with the 9M317 (SA-N-12 "Grizzly", navalised SA-17) missile. 24 missiles are carried in a magazine located below deck. Guidance and target illumination for these missiles is provided by four MR-90 Orekh (NATO: Front Dome) radars, which are connected to a command and control post. The SA-N-12 missile uses a combination of inertial guidance and semi-active radar homing to its maximum range of 45 km. The 70 kg blast-fragmentation warhead is triggered by a radar proximity fuze. The missile's control system and warhead can be adjusted to a specific target following target recognition, which increases hit probability. Eight Igla-1E (SA-16) portable air defence missiles are also carried.

Close-in weapon system (CIWS)
For the CIWS role, two Kashtan air defence gun and missile systems are used. Each system consists of two GSh-30k (AO-18K) six-barreled 30 mm Gatling guns, fed by a link-less mechanism, and two SA-N-11 (navalised variant of the 9M311, SA-19) SAM clusters. The system also includes a storing and reloading system to keep 32 SAMs in container-launchers in the vessel's under-deck spaces. The follow-on order ships Teg, Tarkash and Trikand were fitted with the AK-630 system, replacing the Kashtan system in the earlier ships. After her mid-life refit, Trishul has also been fitted with the AK-630 in place of the Kashtan system.

Main gun
One 100 mm A-190E gun is fitted forward for use against ship and shore based targets The A-190(E) uses a lightweight gun mount with an automatic gun and fuze setter. Fire control is provided by the 5P-10E Puma FCS. The gun can fire 60 rounds a minute out to a range of 8.2 nmi. The weight of each shell is 16 kg.

INS Trishul had her 100mm gun replaced by a OTO Melara 76 mm SRGM (Super Rapid Gun Mount) naval gun after her refit. The other ships of the class may be similarly modified.

The gun features higher automation of fire preparation and control and employs advanced guided and rocket-assisted long-range and enhanced-lethality projectiles fitted with dual-mode impact/proximity fuzes. Together with the use of the muzzle velocity meter, it is designed to produce increased combat capability. In addition, the gun turret features stealth technology to minimize the radar signature of a ship.

Anti-submarine warfare
The ships carry the RPK-8 system, which uses a 12 barreled RBU-6000 ASW rocket launcher to fire the 212 mm 90R anti-submarine rocket or RGB-60 depth charges. The firing range is from 600 to 4300 m, and the depth of engagement is up to 1000 m.

Two twin 533 mm DTA-53-11356 fixed torpedo tube launchers are fitted amidships and fire the SET-65E/53-65KE torpedoes. The Purga anti-submarine fire-control system provides control for both the RBU-6000 and DTA-53 launchers.

Radar

 * Surface search: One 3Ts-25E Garpun-B radar at I-band frequency, using both active and passive channels, provides long-range surface target designation. One MR-212/201-1 radar at I-band frequency is used for navigation and a separate Kelvin Hughes Nucleus-2 6000A radar set is used for short-range navigation and surface surveillance. Also fitted with a Ladoga-ME-11356 inertial navigation and stabilisation suite supplied by Elektropribor.
 * Air/surface search: One Fregat M2EM (NATO: Top Plate) 3D circular scan radar at E-band frequency, provides target indication to the Shtil-1 missile system. Featuring continuous electronically scanned arrays, the radar rotates at 12 or 6 rpm and has an instrumented range to 300 km.
 * Fire control: Features a Ratep JSC 5P-10E Puma fire control system, consisting of a phased array and target tracking radar along with laser and TV devices. The system, fitted above the bridge deck, features in-flight course correction updates via data links, has a maximum detection range of 60 km, operates autonomously and is capable of automatically locking on to four targets and tracking them.

Sonar
According to some reports, the APSOH (Advanced Panoramic Sonar Hull) hull-mounted sonar is fitted on the vessels. The APSOH sonar performs active ranging, passive listening, auto tracking of targets and classification. Other reports indicate that the BEL HUMSA (Hull Mounted Sonar Array) sonar is fitted. The HUMSA is a panoramic medium-range active/passive sonar system developed by the Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL). As a stop gap measure, Russian Bronza (MG-345) hull mounted sonars are installed.

Information released from the Severnoye Design Bureau (SDB) indicate that French towed array sonars (TAS) are also fitted. This is very plausible given that many Indian Navy ships now use French TAS, however INS Talwar shows no signs of such a system. The vessel may also have a Russian SSN-137 Variable Depth Sonar (VDS) with NATO reporting name Steer Hide, providing active search with medium frequency, and the sonar might be license produced in India with Indian designation SSSN-113.

Countermeasures
The frigate features the Russian-made TK-25E-5 integrated electronic warfare suite, which comprises a wideband electronic support measures system that has antenna arrays mounted in the superstructure and a multimode jammer. Four KT-216 decoy launchers, forming part of the PK-10 system, are fitted for soft-kill defence. A total of 120 120mm chaff and infrared decoy rounds are carried on board.

Some ships of the class including INS Tabar have had their TK-25E-5 ESM suites replaced with BEL manufactured Varuna ESM systems with their distinctive circular housing located above the Fregat radar.

Combat data system

 * The Trebovaniye-M combat information and control platform is a fully distributed combat management system. It controls all platforms of attack and defence weapons, independently generates combat missions based on situation analysis, determines optimal number of missile firings, displays information on the state of ship-borne weaponry and transmits data to protection systems.
 * Interconnected via an Ethernet LAN, Trebovaniye-M features eight T-171 full-colour operator workstations (with 18-inch colour flat panel displays) and three central T-162 servers. Individual items of combat system equipment interface to Trebovaniye-M via T-119 and T-190 bus interface units. Raw radar data is received through a T-181 data reception unit.

Recent developments
India and Russia are negotiating for building four more Talwar frigates for the Indian Navy. In September 2016, it was reported that India would acquire two Admiral Grigorovich-class frigates from Russia and remaining two will be built in India. The deal was signed in October 2016. These frigates are based on the Talwar class and were to be commissioned into the Russian Navy, but after the Ukrainian Conflict, Ukraine refused to supply any more engines for the Russian ships. So far, only two of the six have been commissioned by Russia. In August 2017, the Indian Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) cleared a proposal of Rs 490 crore to buy two gas turbines from Zorya-Mashproekt in Ukraine for the Admiral Grigorovich-class frigates being built in Russia.

In October 2018, Indian Ministry of Defense signed a deal for US$950 million for procuring two Admiral Grigorovich-class frigates, Admiral Butakov and Admiral Istomin. The two frigates will be delivered to Indian Navy by 2022.

A contract was signed between Rosoboronexport and Goa Shipyard for the construction of 2 frigates under license on 20 November 2018. The two frigates will be armed with Brahmos missile system and will include a host of Indian equipment and will be delivered by 2027. The contract for the two ships was awarded to Goa Shipyard Limited by the government of India on 30 January 2019.

The two frigates being built at Goa Shipyard will boast much higher indigenous content and will be named Triput class frigate. The new class of ship will feature BHEL made 76mm gun instead of its Russian counterpart, along with other Indian weapon and sensors.

On 11 March 2024, reports emerged that INS Tushil, being built by Yantar Shipyard has started sea trials. The initial Pennant number is 435.

In April 2024, a report suggested that INS Tushil will be delivered to India in September 2024 whereas INS Tamala will be handed over in February 2025. The timeline is on track as of July 2024. The delivery of INS Triput is exepected in 2026 and the next ship shall be delivered after 6 months of the former.

As of July 2024, to conduct acceptance trials for the two frigates being built in Yantar shipyard, a team of around 200 personnel of the Indian Navy are in Russia.

title: Talwar-class frigate


text:
File:Hitchhikers Guide box art.jpg

The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (computer game) box art. Source: http://gallery.guetech.org/hhgttg/hhgttg.html, with permission.

title: File:Hitchhikers Guide box art.jpg


text:
194 (number)

194 (one hundred [and] ninety-four) is the natural number following 193 and preceding 195.

In mathematics

 * 194 is the smallest Markov number that is neither a Fibonacci number nor a Pell number
 * 194 is the smallest number written as the sum of three squares in five ways
 * 194 is the number of irreducible representations of the Monster group
 * 194!! - 1 is prime

title: 194 (number)


text: Category:Spanish sociologists

title: Category:Spanish sociologists


text:
Wikipedia:Nuttall Encyclopedia topics/17

From the Nuttall encyclopedia (Project Gutenberg):

<>

This list was merged into the unified list.


text: User talk:204.8.199.115

title: User talk:204.8.199.115


text:
User:Greengobo

Hey, all. Let me know what you think of my articles. :-)

Articles I've tweaked/written: Malebolge The Rose (from the Dark Tower series)

For those who are wondering, the name 'Greengobo' comes from my irrational love of the comic book character the Green Goblin.

Email: plantborg@yahoo.com

Thanks! :-D

title: User:Greengobo


text: Category:Swiss sociologists

title: Category:Swiss sociologists


text: User talk:204.8.199.116

title: User talk:204.8.199.116


text: File:Fantastic Four (Marvel Comics characters).jpg


text:
Envy (band)

Envy is a Japanese rock band formed in Tokyo, in 1992. They are signed to Rock Action Records in Europe and Temporary Residence Limited in North America, though originally they worked with Level Plane Records. Initially influential in the post-hardcore and screamo scenes, Envy soon began to employ elements of post-rock in their work as well.

They have released 7 studio albums to date (with the most recent being The Fallen Crimson), as well as several EPs and splits, most notably with Jesu and American post-hardcore band Thursday. Original member and vocalist Tetsuya Fukagawa left Envy in 2016.

On February 6, 2018, Envy announced a new lineup consisting of Tsuyoshi Yoshitake, Yoshimitsu Taki, and Hiroki Watanabe. A Japanese press release added that two members had left the band, and founding guitarist and drummer Masahiro Tobita and Dairoku Seki were no longer listed as members on the band's Facebook page or website.

On April 1, 2018, Tetsuya Fukagawa surprise-rejoined Envy on stage for the first time in two and a half years, cementing his return to the band. This was subsequently confirmed via the band's official social media pages.

Studio albums

 * From Here to Eternity (1998)
 * All the Footprints You've Ever Left and the Fear Expecting Ahead (2001)
 * A Dead Sinking Story (2003)
 * Insomniac Doze (2006)
 * Recitation (2010)
 * Atheist's Cornea (2015)
 * The Fallen Crimson (2020)

EPs

 * Breathing and Dying in This Place (1996)
 * Angel's Curse Whispered in the Edge of Despair (1999)
 * The Eyes of Single Eared Prophet (2000)
 * Burning Out the Memories 10" (2000)
 * Abyssal (2007)
 * Alnair in August (2018)
 * Definition of Impossibility (2019)
 * Seimei (2022)

Splits

 * Split 7" with Sixpence (1997)
 * Split 7" with Endeavor (1997)
 * Split 7" with This Machine Kills (2000)
 * Split 10" with Iscariote (2002)
 * Split CD with Yaphet Kotto and This Machine Kills (2003)
 * "Envy/Jesu" (2008)
 * "Thursday / Envy" (2008)

7"s

 * Eyes of Final Proof (2000)
 * Last Wish (2001)

Singles

 * "As Serenity Calls Your Name" (2011)

DVDs

 * Transfovista DVD (2007)

Compilations

 * Compiled Fragments 1997-2003 (2005)
 * Invariable Will, Recurring Ebbs and Flows (2013)

Members

 * Current
 * Nobukata Kawai — guitar (1992–present)
 * Manabu Nakagawa — bass (1992–present)
 * Tetsuya Fukagawa — vocals, programming (1992-2016, 2018–present)
 * Tsuyoshi "Yoshi" Yoshitake — guitar (2018–present)
 * Yoshimitsu Taki — guitar (2018–present)
 * Hiroki Watanabe — drums (2018–present)

 * Past
 * Masahiro Tobita — guitar (1992–2018)
 * Dairoku Seki — drums (1992–2018)

title: Envy (band)


text:
Wikipedia:Nuttall Encyclopedia topics/18

From the Nuttall encyclopedia (Project Gutenberg):

<>

This list was merged into the unified list.


text:
Universal Amphitheatre

Universal Amphitheatre (later known as Gibson Amphitheatre) was an indoor amphitheatre located in Los Angeles, California within Universal City. It was built as an outdoor venue, opening in the summer of 1972 with a production of Jesus Christ Superstar. It was remodeled and converted into an indoor theatre in 1982 to improve acoustics. The amphitheater closed on September 6, 2013 and was demolished for The Wizarding World of Harry Potter attraction at Universal Studios Hollywood.

Early history
The Amphitheatre was built as a daytime arena where patrons of the Universal Studios Studio Tour could watch stuntmen perform a western-themed stunt show and shootout. Construction began in 1969. By 1970, the stage was completed and three old west facades were constructed for the show. The arena was completed in 1971.

Because it was empty at night, a young studio tour guide suggested that the arena be used to hold rock concerts. On June 28, 1972, the venue hosted its first concert, a production of the Broadway rock musical Jesus Christ Superstar. The show was a hit and was extended until cold weather forced its closure.

During its early years, the stunt show was performed during the day while at night the venue hosted concerts. The theatre proved to be so popular that it regularly filled to 98% capacity. After one year, the studio expanded it to seat 5,200 patrons.

The venue was the site of various live albums recordings beginning with Joni Mitchell's Miles of Aisles from August 14 to 17, 1974 and John Denver's An Evening with John Denver from August 26 to September 1, 1974.

In 1980, the venue closed for two years for a major renovation. A roof was constructed to enable year-round entertainment. Acoustics were improved and seating was expanded again to 6,251 seats.

On September 15, 1987 singer Tony Melendez sang Never Be The Same while playing the guitar with his feet in a special performance for Pope John Paul II as part of the pope's two day visit to Los Angeles.

The Universal Amphitheatre hosted the Late Night with David Letterman 8th Anniversary Special in 1990.

From 1991 to 2002, it served as the ceremony venue for the Academy of Country Music Awards.

In May 1993, Universal added the Universal CityWalk shopping and dining district around the entrance to the theatre, allowing patrons to seek refreshments before and after concerts.

On July 29 and 30, 1999, pop/R&B singer Whitney Houston gave her last two North American concerts at the theatre on her My Love Is Your Love World Tour. Houston would go on to have one more world tour in 2010, but did not tour North America again.

Name change
The theatre was known as the Universal Amphitheatre from its inception until early 2005, when naming rights were acquired by the Gibson Guitar Corporation as part of a partnership between Gibson, Universal and House of Blues.

Closure
On December 6, 2011, it was announced that Universal Amphitheatre would close and would be demolished to make way for The Wizarding World of Harry Potter theme park area at Universal Studios Hollywood.

Although the venue had events scheduled until October 2013, it officially closed in September of that year.

The final performance held at the Gibson Amphitheatre was Pepe Aguilar on September 6, 2013.

At the time of its closure, it was the third largest mid-sized venue in California, behind the Nokia Theatre and the Shrine Auditorium - two other Los Angeles venues. The amphitheatre was demolished on September 25, 2013.

title: Universal Amphitheatre


text:
Omlevex

Omlevex is a superhero role-playing game supplement published by Z-Man Games and Spectrum Games. The game mechanics are compatible with Champions, Silver Age Sentinels, and Mutants & Masterminds.

Omlevex is set on the fictional Atlantic islands of Metazon. The game presents itself as the proprietary universe of a Silver Age comic book publishing company, complete with fictional authors, first appearance dates, and full page issue covers.

Omlevex contained Hero System conversions.

Heroes of Omlevex
The major heroes of the Omlevex universe consist of:

 * Drake Einstein - An actor who became a superhero to get movie roles
 * The American Gargoyle - A patriotic mutant who resembles a gargoyle
 * Cliffhanger - A former spy turned superhero
 * Lacie Delmont - A heroine who fights the supernatural
 * Freedom's Trio - A superhero team that banded together to protect the universe

The future of Omlevex
After the Z-Man Games book officially went out of print due to Z-Man Games retreating from the pen & paper RPG sector, the Omlevex setting and its characters lay dormant for several years.

In late 2009, a decision was made by Cynthia Celeste Miller of Spectrum Games to completely reboot and revise Omlevex as a separate superhero roleplaying game. Barak Blackburn was brought on board to write the rulebook. Omlevex as a standalone game will not use a fictional version of the 1960s as a default anymore, but rather the year 2010 as a starting point. The core rules are based loosely on the d12-based rules from Cartoon Action Hour: Season 2. The new game was playtested from late 2009 to the summer of 2010 by Blackburn and several volunteers.

On August 19, 2010, Spectrum Games issued a short Facebook message that said the new rules system was now going to be developed under the name Capes, Cowls and Villains Foul (CC&VF for short), actually using a much older working title for one of Cynthia Celeste Miller's earlier games. The message on Facebook also stated that "[t]he game will not be tied to a specific setting," but the new Omlevex was scheduled as a setting sourcebook for the forthcoming CC&VF system.

A public designer's blog for the CC&VF system was started by Blackburn soon after, on September 21, 2010. The same month, a free PDF quickstart version of the rules along with a short scenario and four ready-to-play characters was released under the name of CC&VF: Quickstart Preview.

As of the end of 2010, no mention of the Omlevex property or setting was made in any official source, but the plan is still to eventually release Omlevex as one of several optional settings for the game.

Reviews

 * Pyramid

title: Omlevex


text:
Wikipedia:Nuttall Encyclopedia topics/19

From the Nuttall encyclopedia (Project Gutenberg):

<>

This page is DONE.

-
 * 1) Rheocord - was created but apparently deleted. The Nuttall entry seems to describe an obsolete scientific instrument. The word appears on the Web, but seems to describe a completely different and very specialized instrument. Can we make this a wiktionary entry, or otherwise make a delete-proof WP article?
 * If the article has a ((Nuttall)) tag on it, then shouldn't an editor come ask people at this project before deleting it? I'm pretty new to Wikipedia, but the one bad sentiment I've gotten is that there are a lot of gung-ho editors who like to delete articles. Who was that article hurting? Was it incorrect? I don't think there's a method of "delete-proofing" an article, other than to maybe put a note on the Talk page for it asking editors to ease off with their itchy trigger fingers. Womble 18:09, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The Nuttall definition of this and of Rheometry is hoplessly out of date. The term, as used in Nuttall refers to Rheostats, commonly now called Potentiometers, which are variable resisters to and is, essentially a mechanisms for measuring voltage.    Rheometry now refers to the measurement of shear stress and displacement in materials.  The older name is utterly deprecated.  There's no reason to put it in at all.  Any such use in period books where, actually, in period were called tension measurements, and no one uses tension for voltage except in the anachronistic "High tension power line" phrase.  The current use is correctly found under Rheometry  let's let this lie and call it done. Rick Boatright 02:59, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * That's a pretty good explanation, IMHO. Maybe the Rheocord page should have a short entry that explains that the term is deprecated, and point people to Rheostat and Rheometry. Womble 13:48, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * better. Just redirect rheocord to Potentiometer  -- which I have done.  The intro paragraph actually DESCRIBES a rheocord Rick Boatright 16:50, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Wow! Thanks - that one was really annoying for some reason. There are plenty of other archaic entries in Nuttall of course. David Brooks 17:02, 31 August 2005 (UTC)


text: Category:Dutch sociologists

title: Category:Dutch sociologists


text:
User talk:204.8.199.97

Old Warnings

May 2011
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Culture of China, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you! -- Island Monkey talk the talk 15:03, 18 May 2011 (UTC)

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Curse of the pharaohs with this edit. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you.  Wikipelli   Talk   17:55, 18 May 2011 (UTC)

Please do not add unsourced or original content. Doing so violates Wikipedia's verifiability policy. If you continue to do so, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia.  — Mr. Stradivarius  ♫ 17:57, 18 May 2011 (UTC)

You have been blocked from editing for a period of 1 year for abuse of editing privileges. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make useful contributions. If you would like to be unblocked, you may appeal this block by adding the text, but you should read the guide to appealing blocks first. gadfium 20:56, 18 May 2011 (UTC)

November 2012
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Boeing B-52 Stratofortress. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. --Bongwarrior (talk) 12:58, 15 November 2012 (UTC)

You have been blocked from editing for a period of 1 year for abuse of editing privileges. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make useful contributions. If you think there are good reasons why you should be unblocked, you may appeal this block by adding below this notice the text, but you should read the guide to appealing blocks first. gadfium 21:10, 15 November 2012 (UTC)

November 2013
Hello, I'm Epicgenius. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to Farhan Mehboob because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, you can use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Epicgenius (give him tirade • check out damage) 21:02, 26 November 2013 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

You have been blocked from editing for a period of 1 year for abuse of editing privileges. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make useful contributions. If you think there are good reasons why you should be unblocked, you may appeal this block by adding the following text below this notice:. However, you should read the guide to appealing blocks first. gadfium 22:05, 26 November 2013 (UTC)

October 2021
Hello. This is a message to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions, such as the edit you made to SnowRunner, did not appear to be constructive and have been reverted. Please take some time to familiarise yourself with our policies and guidelines. You can find information about these at our welcome page which also provides further information about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. If you only meant to make test edits, please use the sandbox for that. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you may leave a message on my talk page.   The Tips of Apmh (talk) 14:04, 7 October 2021 (UTC)

November 2021
Hello, I'm KPFC. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions—specifically this edit to Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution—because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Help desk. Thanks. KPFC  💬 15:56, 22 November 2021 (UTC)

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to Los Angeles Chargers. Your edits appear to be vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism can result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. Serols (talk) 16:34, 22 November 2021 (UTC)

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Nneka (singer), you may be blocked from editing. CogitoErgoSum14 (talk) 20:10, 23 November 2021 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation: Dishita (November 23)
 Your recent article submission has been rejected. If you have further questions, you can ask at the [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Help_desk&action=edit&section=new&nosummary=1&preload=Template:AfC_decline/HD_preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:Dishita Articles for creation help desk] or use Wikipedia's real-time chat help. The reason left by Curb Safe Charmer was: This submission is contrary to the purpose of Wikipedia.

Curb Safe Charmer (talk) 20:25, 23 November 2021 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Draft:Dishita

Please refrain from introducing inappropriate pages, such as Draft:Dishita, to Wikipedia. Doing so is considered vandalism and is prohibited. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism may result in the loss of editing privileges. Under section G3 of the criteria for speedy deletion, the page has been nominated for deletion.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Curb Safe Charmer (talk) 20:25, 23 November 2021 (UTC)

 You have been blocked from editing for a period of 3 days to prevent further vandalism. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make useful contributions. If you think there are good reasons for being unblocked, please read the guide to appealing blocks, then add the following text below the block notice on your talk page:. Liz Read! Talk! 20:56, 23 November 2021 (UTC)

December 2021
Hello, I'm EthanGaming7640. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Mentos have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Teahouse. Thanks. — Ethan  Gaming  7640 , Counter-Vandalism Unit 19:21, 7 December 2021 (UTC)

You may be blocked from editing without further warning the next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Mentos. ♥ Th78blue (They/Them/Their • talk) ♥ 19:23, 7 December 2021 (UTC)

You may be blocked from editing without further warning the next time you vandalize Wikipedia. signed, Willondon (talk) 19:51, 7 December 2021 (UTC)

 You have been blocked from editing for a period of 6 months for abuse of editing privileges. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make useful contributions. If you think there are good reasons for being unblocked, please read the guide to appealing blocks, then add the following text below the block notice on your talk page:. gadfium 03:47, 8 December 2021 (UTC)

October 2022
Hello, I'm Sungodtemple. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to LIN28 have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Teahouse or the Help desk. Thanks. Sungodtemple (talk) 12:01, 12 October 2022 (UTC)

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism may result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. 2601:246:C080:38C0:64D6:C9B3:D3A7:670C (talk) 12:02, 12 October 2022 (UTC)

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Borat, you may be blocked from editing. Sungodtemple (talk) 12:03, 12 October 2022 (UTC)

You may be blocked from editing without further warning the next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Non-Newtonian fluid. Sungodtemple (talk) 12:03, 12 October 2022 (UTC)

November 2022
Hello, I'm Ingenuity. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Osteocyte have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Teahouse or the Help desk. Thanks. — Ingenuity (talk • contribs) 17:17, 14 November 2022 (UTC)

 You have been blocked from editing for a period of 1 year for abuse of editing privileges. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make useful contributions. If you think there are good reasons for being unblocked, please read the guide to appealing blocks, then add the following text below the block notice on your talk page:. gadfium 22:09, 14 November 2022 (UTC)

December 2023
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism may result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. My Pants Metal (talk) 18:44, 20 December 2023 (UTC)

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to 1906 San Francisco earthquake, you may be blocked from editing. Qzd (talk) 18:50, 20 December 2023 (UTC)

January 2024
Hello, I'm TheEpTic. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions—specifically this edit to Northern Palawan tree squirrel—because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Teahouse or the Help desk. Thanks. TheEpTic (talk) 19:19, 4 January 2024 (UTC)

Hello, and thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia. I noticed that you recently added commentary to an article. While Wikipedia welcomes editors' opinions on an article and how it could be changed, these comments belong on the article's accompanying talk page. If you post your comments there, other editors working on the same article will notice and may respond to them, and your comments will not disrupt the flow of the article. However, keep in mind that even on the talk page of an article, you should limit your discussion to improving the article. Article talk pages are not the place to discuss opinions of the subject of articles, nor are such pages a forum. Thank you. Sadbunny3 (talk) 19:20, 4 January 2024 (UTC)

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Pacu. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism may result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. Sam Sailor 18:04, 8 January 2024 (UTC)

 You have been blocked from editing for a period of 1 year for abuse of editing privileges. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make useful contributions. If you think there are good reasons for being unblocked, please review Wikipedia's guide to appealing blocks, then add the following text to the bottom of your talk page:. gadfium 22:31, 8 January 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:204.8.199.97


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tsunami Relief

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 23:33, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Tsunami Relief
Does this group exist? The external link on the article doesn't work any more (I have removed it) - only the link to the hosted store, which has no supporting info for its claim that the money goes to help. The name is so generic that Google searches aren't helpful. - DavidWBrooks 16:47, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete The link is to a CafePress site (online store where anyone can post merchandise) and that seems to reenforce it's non-notability, not to mention disambiguation problems with actual tsunami relief efforts.  --Onlyemarie 16:50, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, official relief efforts don't use Cafepress. Mgm|(talk) 18:37, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unless much better evidence of reality, notability, and authenticity is provided, such as major press coverage, listing by organizations that rate charities, etc. Unpleasantly reminiscent of QuakeAID. Dpbsmith (talk) 19:54, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I've nowikied the outside link. Kappa 19:58, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, promo. Megan1967 07:27, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn tsunamicruft. ComCat 06:43, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unverifiable, smells strongly of scam. A real charity would have a domain or at the very least a listing on some credible source. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  12:45, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Jack Kid Berg

Judah Bergman, known as Jack Kid Berg or Jackie Kid Berg (28 June 1909 – 22 April 1991), was an English boxer born in the East End of London, who became the World Light Welterweight Champion in 1930.

Biography

Judah Bergman was born in Romford Street near Cable Street, St George in the East, Stepney. His father Judah Senior, who found work as a tailor in America, and his mother Mildred immigrated from Odessa. His siblings included Wolf, changed to Willie, Rebecca and Sarah. He was apprenticed as a lather boy in a barber's shop, and began his boxing career at the Premierland, Back Church Lane, when he was 14. Jewish Berg boxed with a Star of David on his trunks.

The book The Whitechapel Windmill covers the handsome boxer's rise in the boxing world as well as his flamboyant out-of-the-ring life, which is said to have included an affair with Mae West and a long-lasting friendship with fellow East Ender Jack Comer, the colourful (and also Jewish) gangster.

After losing his British Lightweight crown, he lived to be the oldest British boxing champion. Berg died in London on 22 April 1991.

He is commemorated by a blue plaque on Noble Court, Cable Street, close to the place where he was born. Stepney Historical Trust presented the plaque at a ceremony attended by the Chief Rabbi, the Bishop of Stepney Richard Chartres, Professor Bill Fishman, Councillor Albert lilley and the Retired Boxers Federation. Later in the evening the Trust held a Charity Ball to raise funds for the Retired Boxers Federation attended by Mr Cox, Chairman of the Boxing Association and also the local Arbour Youth and Repton Boxing Clubs Boys. Over a £1000 was raised for the Retired Boxing charity.

Career
Between 1923 and 1936, Berg had 192 professional fights, winning 157 of them. His record was 157–26–9. Fifty seven wins were by knock out.

In 1931 he moved to the US, where he won 64 out of 76 fights there. During his bouts in America, he was trained by legendary boxing trainer Ray Arcel.

In 1930, Berg defeated the great Cuban fighter Kid Chocolate in ten rounds. The Chocolate bout, fought in Queens, New York in 1932, had 10,000 spectators, larger than many of his British bouts. In 1930, he knocked out the American champion Mushy Callahan to take the World Light Welterweight Championship in London. The National Boxing Association (NBA) had stripped Callahan before this fight and Britain did not recognize this division, so only the New York State Athletic Commission recognized Berg as champion after this fight. The NBA only recognized Berg as champion after he beat Goldie Hess in January 1931.

Berg fought as a lightweight when he put his title on the line to meet with Tony Canzoneri in Chicago on 24 April 1931. He was quickly knocked out in three rounds, falling on his face and stumbling to get up before giving in and collapsing into the ropes. Berg, contending that he lost at lightweight and not at light welterweight, continued to claim that he was champion. Most of the boxing world recognized Canzoneri, however. He unsuccessfully challenged Canzoneri again for the title in September 1931.

After the Canzoneri bout, Berg continued boxing with mixed results. He became British lightweight champion in 1934 by beating the title holder Harry Mizler, another Jewish boxer. He was thrust back into the limelight as a replacement for the injured Canzoneri against Cleto Locatelli at Madison Square Garden, but his hopes of challenging for the world title faded after a points defeat to Gustave Humery in Paris in February 1935, also losing a return bout in London in April, although Berg was still British champion at this point. Later that year he lost to Laurie Stevens in a fight for the British Empire lightweight title in Johannesburg. He returned to fighting at welterweight in the United States with some success. In August 1936, after three straight defeats, he announced his retirement, but returned in January 1937 with a victory against Ivor Pickens, the first of a nine fight unbeaten run. In January 1941 he moved up to middleweight to fight Harry Craster. He again beat Mizler in February 1941 and defeated British lightweight champion Eric Boon on a disqualification due to a low blow in a non-title fight in April 1941. After a victory over Eric Dolby in March 1945, Berg expressed a desire to once more challenge for a title, saying "What I need is fights. I'm a bad gymnasium worker, but I'll show what I can do in the ring. When I've had a few warm up fights I'll know where I stand. If I'm no good I'll quit." He had two further fights, the last a win by knockout against Johnny MacDonald in May 1945, before retiring.

Berg's brother Teddy was also a boxer, and the two fought on the same bill in 1941.

After retiring from boxing, he worked as a film stunt man, joined the Royal Air Force, and owned a restaurant in London.

Personal life
In 1930 Berg's marriage to New York University student Eleanor Kraus, the daughter of a New York silk merchant, was announced, although by November 1931 the relationship had ended. In September 1930 Berg was served with a writ claiming £10,000 for breach of promise by Sophia Levy, who claimed the two had a relationship. Berg married Bunty Pain, a dancer at the Trocadero, on 11 August 1933 at Prince's Row register office in London.

In October 1940 he was awarded £500 damages for slander after John Macadam suggested in a BBC broadcast that Berg would fight Eric Boon after "drawing his old-age pension" and "tottering along to Earl's Court", although the decision was overturned on appeal.

Hall of Fame
Berg was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame.

Berg was also inducted into the World Boxing Hall of Fame.

Berg, who was Jewish, was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1993.

Miscellaneous

 * Academic Howard Fredrics wrote an opera about Kid Berg's life.
 * The non-religious Berg used his Jewishness to get the crowd on his side, entering the ring wearing tephillin.
 * Alongside "The Battling Levinsky" is mentioned in the title track of Madness' "The Liberty of Norton Folgate"
 * Berg was the subject of an episode of ITV biographical documentary This Is Your Life in 1987.
 * On 19 June 1933, he was the guest of honour who officially opened Walthamstow Stadium.

title: Jack Kid Berg


text:
Wikipedia:Nuttall Encyclopedia topics/20

From the Nuttall encyclopedia (Project Gutenberg):

<>

Done!


text:
May 7 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

May 6 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - May 8

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on May 20 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For May 7th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on April 24.

Saints

 * Martyrs Quadratus (Codratos) of Nicomedia and his companions (251–259) (see also March 7)
 * Martyrs Rufinus and Saturninus
 * Martyr Maximus
 * Hieromartyr Flavius, and Martyrs Augustus and Augustinus (from Asia Minor) (c. 284 - 305)
 * Martyr Acacius the centurion at Byzantium (303)
 * The Venerable Fathers of Georgia: Saint John of Zedazeni (Zedazeni Monastery) in Georgia, and his 12 disciples (6th century):
 * Shio of Mgvime; David of Gareji, (see also: David Gareja monastery complex); Anthony of Martqopi; Thaddeus of Urbnisi or Stepantsminda; Stephen of Khirsa; Isidore of Samtavisi; Michael of Ulumbo; Pyrrhus of Breta; Zeno of Iqalto; Jesse (Ise) of Tsilkani; Joseph of Alaverdi; Abibus of Nekressi

 * Righteous Tarasius the Wonderworker of Lycaonia (see also March 8 and March 9)
 * Saint John the Confessor, of Psychaita, on the Bosphorus (c. 825) (see also May 26)

Pre-Schism Western saints

 * Martyr Juvenal of Benevento (132 AD)
 * Saint Domitianus of Maastricht, bishop (560)
 * Saints Serenicus and Serenus, two brothers who became monks and later settled as hermits near the River Sarthe in France (c. 669)
 * Saint Placid (Placidus, Plait), Benedictine Abbot of the basilica monastery of St Symphorian in Autun, France (675)
 * Saint John of Beverley, Bishop of York (721) (see also: March 7)
 * Saint Peter of Pavia (735)

Post-Schism Orthodox saints

 * Venerable Nilus of Sora, abbot and wonderworker (1508)
 * New Monkmartyr Pachomius of Mount Athos, of Usaki near Philadelphia (1730) (see also: May 21)
 * Saint Alexis Toth, Confessor and Defender of Orthodoxy in America (1909)

Other commemorations

 * Commemoration of the Apparition of the Sign of the Precious Cross over Jerusalem in 351 A.D.
 * Uncovering of the relics of St. Euthymius the Great (473)
 * Uncovering of the relics (1815) of Saint Nilus the Myrrh-gusher of Mount Athos (1651)
 * Repose of Schema-Elder Boris of Valaam and Pskov (1967)
 * Repose of Hieromonk Eulogius of Valaam (1969)

Icons

 * Icon of the Mother of God of Liubech (11th century)
 * "Zhirovits" Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos (found on a pear tree) (1470)

authors: ΙΣΧΣΝΙΚΑ-888

title: May 7 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)


text:
Wikipedia:Nuttall Encyclopedia topics/21

From the Nuttall encyclopedia (Project Gutenberg):

<>

Done!


text:
Tarja Cronberg

Tarja Cronberg (née Mattila; born 29 June 1943 in Helsinki) is a Finnish Green League politician who served as a member of the European Parliament from 2011 until 2014. Cronberg was Member of the Finnish Parliament 2003–2007. She chaired her party from 2005 until 2009 and was the Minister of Labour in the Finnish government from 2007 to 2009 as part of Matti Vanhanen's second cabinet.

Cronberg in the EU Parliament
Tarja Cronberg became MEP in 2011 by replacing Heidi Hautala who became Minister of International Development in the Finnish cabinet. During her 2011–2014 term in the EU Parliament, Cronberg was the chair of the European Parliament delegation for relations with Iran and served on the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Subcommittee on Security and Defence.

Life and work
Cronberg was born in Helsinki, Finland and currently resides in Copenhagen, Denmark. She holds two Ph.D. degrees: One in technology from Lund University, Sweden and another in sociology from Copenhagen Business School, Denmark, Institute of organization and work sociology.

During her 10 years in politics she was a Member of the Finnish Parliament from 2003 to 2007 and the Minister of Labour from 2007 to 2009. She chaired the Green League party from 2005 to 2009 and served on several parliamentary committees (foreign affairs, security and defence, employment). She was a member of the EU Competitiveness Council (2008-2009) and of the EU Employment and Social Affairs Council (2007-2009).

Her research has concentrated on technology and the social sciences policy as an associate professorship at the Technical University of Denmark, among others. She was a member of the Danish Parliament Technology Council (1986-1991) and the Norwegian Research Council dealing with IT and society (1984-1992). She was a member of the European Commission Information Society Technologies Advisory Group (ISTAG) from 1999 to 2002; chaired the EU COSTA4 Group that examined the relationship between technology and society (1992-1997) and contributed to the VALUE think-tank that focused on the interaction between research and society (1993-1994).

After her period in the European Parliament she was appointed as a Distinguished Associate Fellow of SIPRI, first in the European Security Program and later in the Nuclear and Arms Control Program.

The focal point in Cronberg's work in recent times has been peace and security. After the Cold War she worked both in Russia and in the US studying the conversion of military industries into civilian uses. Together with Stanford University and the Perm Technical University she and her team studied the transformation processes mainly in the aerospace industry. As the Regional Director of North Karelia she was instrumental in establishing "soft borders" between Finnish border regions and the Karelian Republic on the Russian side. Her work led to the establishment of Euregio Karelia, a cross-border region with common development programmes and projects.

Later, as the director of COPRI, Copenhagen Peace Research Institute she was involved in the further development of the Copenhagen School of Security Studies, doing also work on missile defence and dual-use technologies. In her political work she has specialised in defence and security matters, lately in questions of nuclear disarmament. Her choice of committees in the EU Parliament reflects these interests, as does her work as the Chair of the Parliament's delegation for relations with Iran. Her current work at Sipri is focused a nuclear disarmament and the nuclear order. An in 2020 she carried out an internal SIPRI- study on the security structures of the Middle East.

Her latest book is “[https://www.google.com/search?q=Renegotiating+the+Nuclear+Order.+A+Sociological+Approach&rlz=1C5CHFA_enDK870DK872&oq=Renegotiating+the+Nuclear+Order.+A+Sociological+Approach&aqs=chrome.0.69i59.292j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 Renegotiating the Nuclear Order. A Sociological Approach]”, Routledge, April, 2021. Here the approach is one of the sociology of technology and the main thread is the distribution of the rights and responsibilities between the nuclear and non-nuclear states. The overall conclusion deals with whether the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), can be reformed from the inside or not. The more concrete nuclear policy conclusions deal with the monopoly of the nuclear weapon states, empowering the non-nuclear states and the future relationship between the NPT and the new treaty to prohibit nuclear weapons. Furthermore, the question who should assign proliferators is answered.

In addition to her native Finnish, Cronberg is fluent in Danish, English, French, German, Russian and Swedish. She was diagnosed with breast cancer at the turn of the year 2008/2009.

In November 2023 and April 2024, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Cronberg participated in Russian conferences at the expense of the Russian state as revealed by an international investigative journalism collaboration based on leaked documents from the Kremlin. The conferences were described as a Russian influence operation aimed at providing a pro-Russian narrative and criticism of NATO simultaneously. In the wake of the controversy, the University of Eastern Finland decided to cancel Cronberg's planned appointment as an honorary doctorate because of her appearance in the conferences that goes against the university's principles and practices.

title: Tarja Cronberg


text:
Talk:Kill City

Album cover
I feel like this album should be represented by it's original artwork, but don't know how to do it. or at least include it as alternate. --- "Kill City" is also a contemporary rock band.

Master tapes
When the master tapes got awya in 1977, how do they remix the multitracks in 2010? Saemikneu (talk) 17:51, 28 November 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kill City


text:
Cantung Mine

Cantung Mine is a tungsten producer in the Nahanni area of the Northwest Territories, Canada, located northeast of Watson Lake in the Flat River Valley of the Selwyn Range close to the Yukon border. Tungsten was originally discovered in the area in 1954 by prospectors. Cantung Mine operated from 1962 to 1986, again from 2002 to 2003, and from 2005. Production was suspended from October 2009 to October 2010. The mine owner, North American Tungsten Corporation, went bankrupt in 2015 and the mine closed in October of that year. The federal government of Canada now owns the mine and has to clean up the site. As of December, 2017, the mine remained closed, with the possibility of being opened to process a nearby lithium deposit. As of February 2019, the mine is still closed; the federal and NWT governments are trying to sell it.

1962—1986
The original company that developed the mine was Canada Tungsten Mining Corporation Limited, with Cantung being a short abbreviated form of the company name. The small community of Tungsten was established for workers and their families along with the small, still open, Tungsten (Cantung) Airport. It was an open-pit operation until 1974 when the newly discovered underground deposit was brought to production. It closed due to low tungsten prices in 1986. It was purchased by North American Tungsten Corporation of Vancouver in 1997. Stephen Leahy, Chair and CEO, recognized the potential for Cantung tungsten production because 85% of the world's tungsten reserves are in China: "I just had to believe that at some point in time, something was going to happen -- and of course several years ago China passed a law against exporting raw material tungsten. They are moving up the value chain. They want to do the refining in the first state. Pretty soon they will want to sell you the finished goods, the saw blades, the drill bits. If you in the West have no raw material, how are you going to make those things?'"

2002—2003
With higher prices in the new millennium, the new owner, North American Tungsten Corporation, reopened the mine for production in 2002. The mine again closed in 2003 when the company's creditors recalled their loans, putting the company on the verge of bankruptcy.

2005—present
After a re-finance, the mine reopened September 1, 2005. By November 2007, North American Tungsten stated that Cantung had approximately two years of tungsten reserves left, but combined with its Mactung mine operation, the two hold 15% of the world's known tungsten. Leahy is optimistic: "We've seen the price rise from $50 a unit (22 kilograms) to $250 a unit in two-and-a-half years... This mine started in the early 1960s and it has been taken care of quite well, but you are still dealing with very old equipment... China used to say it had an infinite amount of tungsten. Then a few years ago they said they had about 100 years' supply at the current rate. Then last year at the tungsten conference [China] said they were less than 20 years and they better start looking. Their grade has been dropping as mines mature. They haven't been reinvesting. They have environmental issues, and you can't just bring a mine on in two months. Even over there it takes years. Their costs are rising, as ours are."

title: Cantung Mine


text:
Talk:The Idiot (album)

Ian Curtis
Don't you think the part about his suicide was a bit under-developed? I mean, I think it's a bit insulting that Joy Division is listed under bands the album influenced right before the casual mentioning of his death.

Go ahead and edit it if you feel it will improve the article 154.20.202.31 03:28, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

The Cover
I find it highly unlikely that the cover photo for this album was taken by a kid from new zealand who would have been 7 years old. I've not got access to the two references, but this should be verified and removed if wrong.

Datakid (talk) 14:04, 1 August 2010 (UTC)

They are referring to this famous rock photographer: http://www.rockpaperphoto.com/photographer_andrew_kent — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rauschpotato (talk • contribs) 18:01, 18 June 2012 (UTC)

--Rauschpotato (talk) 18:02, 18 June 2012 (UTC)

Post-Punk
how can it be post-punk when it was recorded in 1977? (the year of PUNK). 188.222.41.105 (talk) 20:01, 3 January 2011 (UTC)
 * 1977 may have been when Never Mind the Bollocks came out but I think most commentators consider 1975-76 the year(s) of punk. However in terms of assigning genres to this album article, it isn't really up to you and me, more how critics describe it... By the way, if you're interested in contributing to Wikipedia, why not give yourself a user name so we know who we're talking to? ;-) Cheers, Ian Rose (talk) 00:37, 4 January 2011 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 08:12, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

 * This is the Featured Article today. Good job! Technophant (talk) 19:07, 6 November 2021 (UTC)

obsession with and over emphasizing drugs?
Says all members had drug addictions in the stooges, not true Ron Ashton never did hard drugs or heroin. Says stooges broke up because of drugs and in-fighting, not true it was lack of commercial success and being DROPPED FROM THEIR RECORD LABEL. Who writes this stuff? Drugs are consyantly brought up in many music articles as if to be a musician is to be a drug addict supported by music. the sources often dont contain evidence to support unsubstantiated claims. 2600:1012:B1C2:852E:74E3:BDC5:94D3:2440 (talk) 11:37, 26 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Idiot (album)


text:
Wikipedia:Nuttall Encyclopedia topics/22

From the Nuttall encyclopedia (Project Gutenberg): <> This list was merged into the unified list.


text:
Wikipedia:Nuttall Encyclopedia topics/23

From the Nuttall encyclopedia (Project Gutenberg):

<>

This list was merged into the unified list.


text:
Wikipedia:Nuttall Encyclopedia topics/24

From the Nuttall encyclopedia (Project Gutenberg):

<>

''Done!'


text:
Talk:Jordan Middle School

As a note, in Tennessee, at least, most school librarians are MORE qualified than teachers... Most librarians can teach, but most teachers do not have the qualifications to be librarians. --Chiacomo 16:54, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * What qualification do you need to work as a middle-school librarian? Chris talk back 20:51, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * A Masters in Library Science, I think... along BA or BS and a teaching certificate... --Chiacomo 22:08, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Can also have a BA/BS in Information Sciences. Some school districts require all teachers to get an MS within 7 years of starting work, or as a condition of tenure. Personally I find Chriscf's bias against librarians somewhat ironic for someone working on developing an encyclopedia. Klonimus 00:04, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, I believe this is correct. --GRider\talk 22:15, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

VfD
On April 8, 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. The result was keep (no consensus to delete). See Votes for deletion/Jordan Middle School for a record of the discussion. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 14:11, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * And what a VfD it was. Klonimus 10:07, 9 May 2005 (UTC)

Semi-substantial changes
I think that who the principal of this school is is irrelevant. They article should probably be broken up into sections rather than its current state. Overall, this article is looking much better than when it was a candidate for deletion. It could be organized in a similar manner to Palo Alto High School. Dshaffer 05:59 13 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jordan Middle School


text:
Jean de Quen

Jean de Quen (May c. 1603 in Amiens, France – 8 October 1659, in Quebec City) was a French Jesuit missionary, priest and historian. As head of Jesuit missions of New France, he founded the missions to Saguenay. In 1647, Jean de Quen was the first European to reach the shores of Piékouagami (Lac Saint-Jean).

Early life
Born c. 1603, in Amiens, Picardie, Jean de Quen was about 17-years-old when he joined the Jesuits on 13 September 1620. He taught for three years at the Collège in Eu, and then left for New France. He arrived at Quebec on 17 August 1635, where he taught at the College of Quebec, which opened that same year for French and First Nations boys. He taught there for two years before joining the Sillery mission, an initiative aimed at educating the native peoples. He later left the mission and went back to Quebec to minister to the parish of Notre-Dame-de-la-Recouvrance. After a fire destroyed the school, chapel and, Jesuits’ residence in 1640, he resumed his service in Sillery before moving on to a Trois-Rivières post, where he was involved in the establishing another mission. In 1640, he went back to Sillery, and concerned himself with the hospital, Hôtel-Dieu. There he wore himself down; he recovered quickly, and was sent to the Trois-Rivières residence. He returned the following year to Sillery, and was in charge of that mission centre for eight years (1642–49). He fulfilled a very active ministry there, which brought him into contact with First Nations individuals from multiple locations, more particularly Montagnais people, whose language he learned with proficiency.

Tadoussac
In the spring of 1642, Jean de Quen was entrusted with the Montagnais mission, with which he concerned himself for 11 years. This mission had been founded the preceding year at Tadoussac, where between spring and the end of August the fur trade brought First Nations people from all parts of the vast territory of the Saguenay. Father de Quen was respected by the Montagnais; with the aid of Fathers Jacques Buteux, Gabriel Druillettes, Martin de Lyonne, and Charles Albanel, he created a form of summer mission suited to the existence of these nomadic peoples, and made it successful. He formed a nucleus of Christians whom helped him to reach the most distant groups. It was at Tadoussac that the first stone church in Quebec was constructed, in 1646.

Lac Saint-Jean
No European had as yet officially explored the entire length of the Saguenay and the large lake which appeared on a map produced in 1544, by geographer Jean Alfonse. Previous explorers' attempts at getting to the lake proved futile, because the native peoples “avoided letting the white men know about [...] Lake Saint-Jean and the inland route to the Saguenay.” Jean de Quen expressed a desire to visit the members of the Porcupine nation who were prevented from coming to Tadoussac because of disease. He left the Tadoussac mission on 11 July 1647, in a small bark canoe. Bringing two Montagnais with him as guides, Jean de Quen travelled up the Saguenay to Chicoutimi, and took the river of the same name as far as lakes Kenogami and Kénogamishish. The group then entered Lake Saint-Jean via Belle-Rivière. Upon seeing Lac St-Jean, Quen wrote in his journal:
 * "This lake is so large, that one hardly sees its banks; it seems to be round in shape. It is deep and very full of fish; they fish here for pike, perch, salmon, trout, dories, white-fish, carp, and many other kinds. It is surrounded by a flat country, terminating in high mountains, distant 3, four or five leagues from its shores. It is fed by the waters of fifteen rivers, or thereabout, which serve as highways for the small nations which are back in the country, to come to fish in this lake, and to maintain the intercourse and friendship which they have among themselves."

In 1651, Father Jean de Quen founded the Ange-Gardien mission, the first permanent European settlement at Sept-Îles.

Quen died of fever on October 8, 1659, and was buried at Quebec City. His remains were discovered in 1878, and were transferred to the Ursuline chapel in 1891.

Legacy
The Centre d'histoire et d'archéologie de la Métabetchouane contains an exhibition discussing the life and works of Father Jean de Quen, as well as a memorial for the explorer.

The AV Jean de Quen in Quebec is named for him.

title: Jean de Quen


text:
Torgny Segerstedt

Torgny Karl Segerstedt (1 November 1876 – 31 March 1945) was a Swedish professor and scholar of comparative religion, who later became editor-in-chief of the newspaper Göteborgs Handels- och Sjöfartstidning. He is most remembered for his uncompromising anti-Nazi stance and his efforts to alert the Swedish public to the threat of Fascism during the 1930s.

Biography
Torgny Segerstedt was born at Karlstad in Värmland County, Sweden. He was the son of the teacher and publicist Albrekt Segerstedt (1844–1894) and Fredrika Sofia Bohman (died 1884). He earned a cand.theol. degree from Lund University in 1901 and in 1903 he became a lecturer in the history of religion. He was a lecturer in theological encyclopedics at Lund University from 1904 to 1912. He was awarded a doctor of theology in 1912. He was professor in the history of religions at Stockholm University from 1913 to 1917.

Torgny Segerstedt was editor-in-chief of the Gothenburg newspaper Göteborgs Handels- och Sjöfartstidning from 1917 until his death in 1945. After the rise of Adolf Hitler to power in Nazi Germany, the newspaper became the leading Swedish publication dedicated to the German struggle against Nazism. Throughout World War II, he remained an opponent to the Swedish government policies of concessions to Nazi Germany.

Personal life
Torgny Segerstedt married his Norwegian born wife Augusta Wilhelmina Synnestvedt (1874–1934) in 1905. Their children were the philosopher and sociologist Torgny Segerstedt (1908–1999) and the journalist and politician Ingrid Segerstedt Wiberg (1911–2010). Segerstedt died in Gothenburg during 1945 and was buried at Kvibergs kyrkogård.

Legacy
In 1955, the Torgny Segerstedt monument was unveiled at Vasaplatsen in Gothenburg. The ten-meter high, triangular monolith of granite was designed by Swedish sculptor Ivar Johnsson (1885–1970).

He was posthumously awarded the Illis quorum by the Swedish government in 1977.

The Torgny Segerstedt Foundation (Stiftelsen Torgny Segerstedts Minne) was founded in 1996 and was inaugurated by his daughter Ingrid Segerstedt-Wiberg. The foundation funds a visiting professorship at the University of Gothenburg.

Torgny Segerstedt was the subject of the 2012 Swedish film, The Last Sentence (Dom över död man). The story was based on the journalistic career of Segerstedt. It was directed by Swedish film director Jan Troell and featured the Danish actor Jesper Christensen in the role of Torgny Segerstedt.

Other sources

 * Anders Johnson (2006) Ett porträtt av Torgny Segerstedt - Personligheten och hjordinstinten (Göteborg: Tre Böcker Förlag AB) ISBN 9170296022

title: Torgny Segerstedt


text:
File:Bureaucracy box art.jpg

Bureaucracy (video game) box art. Source: http://gallery.guetech.org, used with permission.

title: File:Bureaucracy box art.jpg