text:
Talk:Biedermeier

[Untitled]
The biedermeir page includes nothing of the visual arts and in particular, Carl Spitzweg. This is a major flaw because wikipedia's carl spitzweg page says he was one of the most important of the biedermeier era painters.Stefan T. 01:41, 13 February 2008 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Stefan Timothy (talk • contribs)

Annamarie says: "beethoven is really not biedermeier music... even though he belongs to the era. " 22:59, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)...

 * More clearly Biedermeier is the chamber music of Franz Danzi and hausmusik in general, such as two-part piano quadrilles using themes from operas. Not all the arts in German-speaking Europe during the period 1815-1848 were Biedermeir: Caspar David Friedrich, for example.--Wetman (talk) 19:54, 27 October 2010 (UTC)

Literature vs architecture
Should this be a literature stub as well?

I don't know whether Biedermeier literature/music and Biedermeier architecture/interior design ought to be separate articles.

- This is an important question, because breaking from the idea of a Biedermeier period in general to define Biedermeier art, furniture, architecture, and music separately is a very different approach. I suspect that the term Biedermeier should be treated carefully, because it probably signifies something different in each cultural sub-field. It works best as a general period descriptor. As an architecture specialist, I'm not sure that there should be any such category as "Biedermeier architecture". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.161.50.140 (talk) 22:59, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

Biederhoven
I have long noticed a Biedermeier influence in Beethoven. It's hard to put my finger on something like this, but there is a certain color in his music that I find Biedermeier. It is simple and direct in character, petit-bourgeois but not sentimental. He was otherwise intense and politicallly passionate, but if you can imageine such a genius occaisonally in the role of a Germanic Stephen Foster writing house music for a square Chickering, you might sense the "somber lightheartedness" of Biedermeier furniture.

Biedermeier floral arrangements?
Biedermeier is apparantly also a term for flower arrangements employing concentric circles of different types of flowers. A quick internet search for Biedermeier AND flowers yields many catalogues, flower shops, and magazine articles, but no explanation of the history of the term as such. Any thoughts?

Reply: This is speculation on my part, but I believe a "Biedermeier" arrangement refers to something like a small bouquet of flowers. During the early to mid 19th century, it was common for women to carry around small bouquets known commonly as a "nosegay" or "posy." Interestingly, the term for "nosegay" in German is "Biedermeierstraeusschen" or "Biedermeier bouquet." I have also heard them referred to in English as "Biedermeiers." Thus, I would guess that the term "Biedermeier" in flower arrangements refers to small bouquets because of their popularity and use during this period. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Versailles1798 (talk • contribs) 18:22, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

Biedermeier in Literature
A definition for Biedermeier that I've been applying to literature is: Biedermeier: was the early part of the Romantic movement that avoids the dark aspects of life, i.e. death and sexuality. In Biedermeier texts, painful and dark issues are made idyllic. A good example of this is "The Angel" by Hans Christian Andersen. It was a transitional period between Neoclassicism and Romanticism and closely linked with the bourgeoisie, particularly in the Scandinavian countries. Following the Napoleonic wars, the Biedermeier style grew during the economic impoverishment of the 1820s and 1830s. The term Biedermeier was derogatory and was based on a comic symbol of middle-class comfort. I got it off of: http://scandinavian.wisc.edu/schmidt/danish/hca/glossary.html

 * I think it is more intentional rejection of the Romanticism. Whereas Romanticisim is all about conflict and tragedy, Biedermeier tries to avoid conflict by almost any means. See for example Witiko by Adalbert Stifter: there is love between the main hero and his chosen, but there is no conflict: they fell in love, he asks her to wait on him until he will be a great man, and she does wait for him for many years. End of the story. And the same for negative characters: there is no evil passion in Načerat at Battle at Vysoká, he is just in the conflict with Vladislav, wants more power, so he leads the uprising against him. There is no passion, just calm rational calculus. Compare Načerat with Lord Voldemort ;). Ceplm (talk) 16:24, 3 May 2020 (UTC)

Where is the Biedermeier section on Painting?
I think this article has a huge flaw without that, since the Biedermeier school paintings are one of the most important from Austria and the Empire. Many of those paintings are now in the Belvedere palace in Wien. Please somebody with the info at hand include that here.

Also, since I only knew about Biedermeier style regarding the oil-painting, it's possible that the term refers to other styles in the other forms of Arts. I can read here that "Biedermeier" had 2 trends, but those described trends are not such, they are the context where the trends developed, this article needs more accuracy there: post-Napoleonic political oppression is NOT an artistic trend, neither growing urbanization and industrialization.

Carl Spitzweg is hardly the most representative Biedermaier painter too, his style is mostly neo-classic. So, he may have lived during those years, but that doesn't make him a Biedermeier artist. Biedermeier painters held the light and the realistic views as their standards without dettachment from romantic values, regarding the technique they are closer to the Classics/Renaissance than Art Nuveau, Liberty or the likes. Friedrich von Amerling, he IS the most reppresentative, the most popular between the aristocracy and the middle class but is not mentioned here. And even if mentioned, I guess there will not be so much explaining about his painting style and why it is Biedermeier.

I am most inclined to think Biedermeier is an historical period of time, but not an artistic movement. That period had a characteristic artistic life very different between them if we consider literature, poetry, painting or music (or the effing furnitures/floral arrangements), but it's still and mostly a period of time.

Is there any Wiki-Editor living or passing by Vienna? You can get all the real info there, from Belvedere palace, since the info online mostly concerns furniture! Gee... UPDATE: I've modified the article to include the Painting historical movement during the Biedermeier. I've edited the beginning of the article to put emphasis on the historical meaning of the term and not on the artistic-oriented meaning, because the artistic movements during that period were not unified, not philosophical coherent, just simultaneous, so the term really has more significance from an historical point of View. The solution I've proposed included moving some parts from other section to the introduction (due to the emphasis on the historic context) and the modification of the titles so that anybody can see how was the period in each artistic field. It was a pity that most of the online info about Biedermeier deals only with furniture, that's maybe trendy these days but is not accurate. So, this Wikipedia article needs to put the emphasis were it's due.

Therefore, please, experts in each field, collaborate to improve these articles. Some of the authors I've included in the new section on paintings are entioned as "Biedermeier" figures even in their respective Wikipedia entries. Some link should be added in that regard. Other authors are not, or don't have the respective entry. Most of the added info was cited from the Belvedere Museum website (also referenced). Some illustrations for each section of the article would be good to include. Thank you.

YtzikMM (talk) 17:41, 16 May 2014 (UTC) I am the author of this entry, now including my signature. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 140.105.47.82 (talk) 16:14, 3 March 2010 (UTC)

background of "bieder"
i'm not an expert in historical eras but i would suggest that a section should be added explaining the background of the term biedermeier. in the article is says the term comes from the pseudonym gottlieb biedermeier, which is correct. but biedermeier is a name that was deliberately made up: bieder + meier. i was unable to find a satisfactory english translation for bieder. a person or a thing considered "bieder" is very conventional, conservative, unimaginative, bourgois, servile and outright boring, but also reliable, tidy, virtuous and with common sense. meier (with several different spellings) is possibly the most common german surname. thus, the name "biedermeier" was meant to be satirical and quite derogatory. i would be quite insulted if i was considered "bieder" and an object, e. g. a car, considered "bieder" would certainly not sell well.Sundar1 (talk) 09:16, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Is not this modern slang meaning (cf. English naff) simply an abbreviation of Biedermeier itself? In 1804, I see, Biede meant "upright, honest" ("Nicolai Karamsin's Travels from Moscow through Prussia &c", translated in The Antijacobin Review, vol. 17, 1804:35). Thus the original meaning of Biedermeier is "the honest dealer".--Wetman (talk) 19:26, 27 October 2010 (UTC)
 * The word bieder is old. In MHG it was biderbe and in OHG bitherbi (Duden, Das Herkunftswörterbuch). First it meant "useful" then it came to mean "conventional". Biedermann was an "honest man" (now used in irony), and Biedermeier is a fantasy surname coined after that. -- 85.177.220.99 (talk) 19:21, 24 April 2012 (UTC)

 * When I worked in Hamburg in the early 1970s, if I gave the impression of not wanting to join in the fun, my friend called me "du alter Biedermeier." Seemingly in jest, tho. BubbleDine (talk) 02:22, 8 April 2016 (UTC)

Ms Mildenberger's "Biedermeier Scrollers"
Isn't this simply Ms Mildenberger's own name for her own painted eggs? Is there any connection with Biedermeier beyond her naming of her products, which she has illustrated in this article along with her blurb? I don't think this is encyclopedia material, and it certainly obscures the characterization of "Biedermeier" that the article is attempting.--Wetman (talk) 20:24, 8 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Silence. ...If no contemporaneous mention of scrolls in eggs can be located, I surmise that "Biedemeier eggs" is simply Ms Mildenberger's own name for her own painted eggs. Am I incorrect? Wikipedia is not a good vehicle for marketing.--Wetman (talk) 19:07, 27 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Well, it's been over a year, and nobody has come up with any citable source for the existence of Biedermeier scroll eggs. A quick Google search turns up a whole lot of nothing. I'm going to delete the scroll egg section. 206.208.105.129 (talk) 16:11, 19 October 2011 (UTC)

--- —Preceding unsigned comment added by 140.105.70.136 (talk) 16:44, 15 February 2011 (UTC) YtzikMM (talk) 17:46, 16 May 2014 (UTC) I'm the author of this comment, here adding my signature.

Indeed! Being a student of art and going many times to Vienna to see Biedermeier paintings and buildings, this section of egg-scrollers left me amused. How is possible I just skip that during my visit? Yet, I can't find any serious references to them. So if nobody comes with serious references, that section should be removed. In any case, I hope to be in Vienna this coming spring; I'll see then.

 * Well holy heck. I've been telling people about Biedermeier Scrollers for *years*, assuming they were real things, having seen that one paragraph on here. It sounds like I'm joking; I'm really not. I have that old picture from this article saved on my laptop. 150.143.70.223 (talk) 20:29, 27 June 2018 (UTC)

Recent Reorganization
I made numerous changes to the order and labeling of sections. It seemed like they had grown organically over time rather than strategically to best convey meaning. Summary:
 * Removed "Biedermeier" from section headings because it seemed extraneous and clunky
 * Changed Painting to visual arts since it included discussion on sculpture
 * Gave music it's own section (in need of further development)
 * Moved furniture and interior design higher on page since it is arguably what the period remains best known for (Google Biedermeier and you get a ton of antique furniture results).
 * Moved one of the visual arts photos to be the main article photo

This was just an initial step to gain greater clarity on the page, but I'm certain it should develop further, and I'm open to suggestions on better organization. I'm going to also continue spending some time to better flesh out some of the sections and add in more references. If anyone has a particularly good book on the subject, please let me know. — Zujine |talk 03:55, 10 May 2012 (UTC)

Danish paragraph
The Danish paragraph now in visual arts is the main sore thumb that I see sticking out in the article. Can anyone shed light on the Biedermeier influence in countries other than Germany and Austria? Should we develop more on other regions, or perhaps trim down the Danish stuff. It just seems out of place, but I don't have a solution off the top of my head. — Zujine |talk 04:14, 10 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Well, Biedermeier is a very time and space specific thing. The historical context is important:
 * - The idea of establishing Constitutions across Europe, as opposed to absolute monarchies, was on vogue, previously to the restauration, i.e., before 1814. (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Bundesakte)
 * - However, absolutist monarchies were reinstated following the defeat of Napoleon by Austria in 1812.
 * - With the goal of avoiding a revolutionary process à-la-Française, the reinstated monarchies in Europe governed with iron fist and help from their intelligence agencies.(http://www.belvedere.at/en/sammlungen/belvedere/klassizismus-romantik-biedermeier/biedermeier)
 * - GERMAN and AUSTRIAN principles stuck to the absolutist way of government, as expressed in the Final Act of Vienna (1820) that 'the total power will be upon the head of state'. This principle was put in practice by the Emperor Fracisco I of Austria and his Minister of Interior the Prince von Metternich. They pushed people out of the cafes and bars, keeping a close eye on public meetings and speech, incarcerating the dissenters and closing many club and societies. Hence, people was pushed to the intimacy of their homes, not talking about anything political except to the closest friends and family. (http://classicalmusic.about.com/od/romanticperiod/a/aabeidermeier.htm)

 * THIS is the context of Biedermeier art. That's why the artists seemed to be worried about simple things, the quotidian life, portraits and landscapes instead of speaking against the power.

 * THEREFORE:
 * - you can't have "Biedermeier art" from any country, you won't have it from England, and it remains to be seen if Denmark was under influence of this kind of politics at the time.
 * - you can't define Biedermeier only because there is contemporary art work. No artist from Philippines painting at the same time could claim to be "from the Biedermeier era", because he is not in the context.
 * - Until now, Austro-Hungarian empire and Germany (including at the time portions of nowadays Slovenia, Italy, Croatia, etc) seems to be the only places the Biedermeier definition applies to; and Denmark need to be checked (links/references need to be obtained) –YtzikMM (talk) 07:00, 11 September 2014 (UTC)

Do you know this person?
Please help to identify the sitter and painter (1st quarter of the 19th century), thanks! Sdfghkl (talk) 11:04, 17 January 2015 (UTC)

Political stability
Shouldn't it be made more clear what "political stability" means in this context? Yes, there's the link to the page about Metternich, but for people that don't follow it, it doesn't come out that not only was there rigid censorship (meaning: artist that didn't focus on non-political topics were simply forbidden to publish their works), the German nations were more or less police states, and citizens were encouraged to spy on each other. As the German article on the topic states: "Ohne die Karlsbader Beschlüsse ist die Biedermeierzeit nicht denkbar; außerhalb Deutschlands, Österreichs und Skandinaviens existiert daher auch der Begriff Biedermeier nicht, da die gesellschaftliche Entwicklung in diesen Ländern anders verlief.", freely translated this means: "The Biedermeier wouldn't be thinkable without the Carlsbad decrees. Outside Germany, Austria and Scandinavia the term doesn't exist, as society developed differently in those countries." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:7B8:2FF:485:0:0:0:2 (talk) 08:37, 25 September 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Biedermeier. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20081204231536/http://www.belvedere.at/jart/prj3/belvedere/main.jart?rel=en&content-id=1169655781722&reserve-mode=active to http://www.belvedere.at/jart/prj3/belvedere/main.jart?rel=en&content-id=1169655781722&reserve-mode=active#m

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 16:11, 10 January 2016 (UTC)

Possible copyright problem
This article has been revised as part of a large-scale clean-up project of multiple article copyright infringement. Earlier text must not be restored, unless it can be verified to be free of infringement. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions must be deleted. Contributors may use sources as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously. 💵Money💵emoji💵💸 19:59, 5 July 2019 (UTC)

Sentence not backed up by source?
This is the sentence that was added:

The speculation that it will influence future styles is not backed up by that source. Even if it were, it's a claim needing a bit more than just one source, if you want to use it in the lead without attribution.Lurking shadow (talk) 16:01, 13 September 2019 (UTC)

It is explicitly backed up by source and numerous literature claims that as well. You not knowing anything by Biedermier is detrimental, as seen by your unproductive edits. Cropi9 (talk) 16:09, 13 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Wait a moment... You're talking about "will influence future styles" not "has influenced later styles", right?Lurking shadow (talk) 16:19, 13 September 2019 (UTC)

 * I am not Nostradamus. My sentence is clear in its implication, it will influence styles that come after Biedermier. They are mentioned in source, i thought it would be too long, Bauhaus etc. Cropi9 (talk) 16:24, 13 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Ah. You wanted to say that styles that appeared later, but before today, have been influenced by Biedermeier. Is this correct?Lurking shadow (talk) 17:20, 13 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Well, that seems to be backed up by sources; I changed it. Tell me if I did something wrong, please.Lurking shadow (talk) 19:36, 14 September 2019 (UTC)

Need to translate German page on Literature of the restoration epoch
There is the page Literatur der Restaurationsepoche, which could put the discussion on this page to the correct context. Somebody knowing better German than me (who reads it on Google Translate) should translate the page to English. Please. Ceplm (talk) 16:28, 3 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Biedermeier


text:
User:Ubek~enwiki

ddd

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Ubek~enwiki


text:
User talk:Ubek~enwiki

dddw

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Ubek. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Ubek~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:27, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 20:03, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ubek~enwiki


text:
Nossob River

The Nossob (also Nosob or Nossop) River (ǂnuse ǃab, Khoikhoi for black river) is a dry river bed in eastern Namibia and the Kalahari region of South Africa and Botswana. It covers a distance of 740 km and last flooded in 1989. The river also lends its name to Nossob camp -25.42167°N, 20.59639°W in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.

Course
The Nossob has its origin in two main tributaries, the Swart-Nossob and Wit-Nossob, meaning black and white respectively. Both tributaries have their origins in the eastern slopes of the Otjihavera mountain range, east of Windhoek. Their sources are at 1,800 m and over 2,000 m above sea level respectively. The two river beds have their confluence some 80 km south of Gobabis, which is situated on the bank of the Swart-Nossob.

From this confluence the river course passes the settlements of Leonardville and Aranos to arrive at Union's End, South Africa. From Union's End the river bed, forming the Botswana border, meanders through the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park for a distance of over 200 km. It reaches the southern boundary of the game reserve just north of Twee Rivieren Camp, near its confluence with the Auob River.

In the Kalahari, the Nossob is said to flow about once a century. However, water is stored underground to provide life for grass and camelthorn trees growing in the river bed. The Nossob may flow briefly after large thunderstorms, causing wildlife to flock to the river.

The Nossob ends at a confluence with the Molopo River some 50 km south of Twee Rivieren. The confluence at -26.90417°N, 20.69°W is still 890 m above sea level. The Molopo is a tributary of the Orange River, which it meets downstream of Augrabies Falls.

White Nossob

 * Otjivero Dam, near the settlements of Otjivero and Omitara

Oanob River
The Oanob River, a tributary of the Auob River features two dams:
 * Nauspoort Dam
 * Oanob Dam

title: Nossob River


text:
Talk:Ono (axe)

Guess again
This article used to have the line ""O-" is a Japanese prefix meaning big." This is 100% mistaken. Ono is a single word in Japanese that cannot be broken down into any recognizable parts. Besides, o- means "small"; it's oo---a long sound--that means "big." Please refrain from posting about the Japanese language if you're only at the beginning or intemediate level! If you haven't lived in Japan and studied Japanese for many, many years, you should probably just read and not contribute. It's better to have no entry than a wrong one. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Squidley (talk • contribs)

Image Missing
Perhaps someone should upload a picture of an ono? I searche dbut only found basic normal axes. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.20.32.223 (talk • contribs)

Well, an ono is pretty much just a "basic normal axe". It's pretty much a peasants' tool and there isn't a particular craftsmanship associated with it, and no special interest of it for neither its historical or artistic value in and out of Japan. It might be hard to find an image. Uly 21:56, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ono (axe)


text:
Falkirk (UK Parliament constituency)

Falkirk is a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was created for the 2005 general election, replacing Falkirk West and part of Falkirk East.

Until 2024, it was considered a safe SNP seat: at the 2015 general election, it was the seat with the largest majority for the SNP as well as the seat with the largest majority for any party in Scotland, retaining its record in the 2019 general election. In 2024, Labour candidate Euan Stainbank defeated the SNP candidate after the retirement of previous MP John McNally in a political upset, returning the seat to Labour for the first time in over a decade.

Constituency profile
The constituency takes in the town of the same name and stretches west to include Denny, Stenhousemuir and Banknock.

Boundaries
Falkirk has been joined by most of the various sized towns and villages of its council area in this new seat, including Airth, Bainsford, Banknock, Bonnybridge, Brightons, Camelon Carronshore, Denny, Falkirk, Glen Village/Hallglen, Head of Muir, Larbert, Laurieston, Polmont, Redding, Shieldhill, Stenhousemuir, Tamfourhill, and Westquarter. A south eastern arm of the seat curls around Grangemouth. The seat sits to the south of the River Forth.

History
The Labour Party leadership was embroiled in a row with the Unite the Union over the selection of a candidate to replace disgraced former Labour MP Eric Joyce. In 2013, local officials of Unite, led by Len McCluskey, were accused of abusing membership procedures by "bulk-buying" and "packing" the Falkirk Constituency Labour Party with their own members in an attempt to get their preferred candidate, Karie Murphy (Labour election chief Tom Watson's office manager), selected. Unite was alleged to have signed up and paid the subscriptions for over 100 new party members in Falkirk, some of them allegedly unaware they were joining the Labour Party.

A leaked Unite document from December 2012 detailed its activity in Falkirk as "exemplary" for the way in which "we have recruited well over 100 Unite members to the party in a constituency with less than 200 members. 57 came from responses to a text message alone, (followed up face to face). A collective effort locally, but led and inspired by the potential candidate".

On 25 June 2013, Falkirk CLP was placed in "special measures" by the National Executive Committee at an emergency meeting after an internal report found "sufficient evidence for concern about the legitimacy of some new recruits to the Falkirk party." Under Labour's rules, the Central party takes control over a constituency party when in special measures and directly runs the parliamentary selection process. All members who had joined the constituency party in Falkirk after 12 March 2012 (the date Eric Joyce announced he would not stand for re-election) had their memberships suspended. Unite union responded to the NEC's disciplinary measure in a press statement:

"“Unite rejects the decisions taken today by the Labour Party in relation to the Falkirk West selection process. It does so on behalf of the many decent trade unionists who have joined the Party in good faith and are now to be denied any say in the choice of their Labour parliamentary candidate. None of the allegations contained in the report of the so-called “investigation” have been put to Unite in clear breach of natural justice. The intervention by Party officials into this process has been driven by Blairite pressure to exclude trade unionists from any influence in the Party, an ambition clearly spelled out by Peter Mandelson last month. Trade unionists will draw their own conclusions regarding the integrity of the Party’s procedures.”"

In July, Labour Party Leader Ed Miliband blamed "a few individuals" for vote-rigging in Falkirk, saying: "Instead of defending what happened in Falkirk, Len McCluskey should be facing up to his responsibilities. He should not be defending the machine politics involving bad practice and malpractice that went on there, he should be facing up to it." As the controversy grew, Tom Watson, a former flatmate of McCluskey, resigned on 4 July from the Shadow Cabinet. Unite's favoured candidate Karie Murphy (a close friend of McCluskey) and the Falkirk CLP chairman Stephen Deans (who is also chair of the Unite trade union in Scotland) were also suspended by Labour HQ on the same day. The internal Labour Party investigation report into the matter was handed on 5 July to the Scottish police service. A Labour spokesperson said: "Until yesterday our advice was that there was no evidence of criminality. That changed after the solicitor took a look at it."

Len McCluskey rejected the NEC report's allegations that the Falkirk CLP selection was fixed as "smears" against Unite. He called on Ed Miliband for the internal party report to be published for "everyone to see" and for Miliband to set up an independent inquiry with the credibility to establish the truth. In an article for The Guardian, the sitting MP Eric Joyce called the actions of certain Unite officials in Falkirk as "amateurish, hubristic and irresponsible". The National Executive Committee confirmed it would impose an all women shortlist on the Falkirk CLP.

Members of Parliament
This seat was formed from Falkirk West and much of Falkirk East.

Elections in the 2010s
Safia Ali was suspended by the Labour Party over allegations that she made anti-Semitic posts on Facebook. Because nominations had closed at the time of her suspension, she still appeared on the ballot paper as the Labour candidate. The fall in the Labour Party's vote share of 18.6% was the worst that the party suffered in Scotland, and the 11th worst in the 630 seats it contested in the United Kingdom, at this election.

This was the largest numerical majority in Scotland at the 2019 general election.

title: Falkirk (UK Parliament constituency)


text: Category:High schools in Ontario

title: Category:High schools in Ontario


text:
Petr Pithart

Petr Pithart (born 2 January 1941) is a Czech politician, lawyer and political scientist who served as Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (then a federal region of Czechoslovakia) from 6 February 1990 to 2 July 1992. He was also the Senator for Chrudim from 1996 to 2012 and served as President of the Senate from 8 January 1996 to 16 December 1998 and again from 19 December 2000 to 15 December 2004.

On 1 January 2018 Pithart received the Order of the White Double Cross state award (second class) from Slovak President Andrej Kiska.

Political career
Pithart was a member of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from 1960, was active in the Prague Spring, and left the party after the Soviet invasion. He was later one of the most prominent dissidents against the communist regime, and was imprisoned for his activities, including being one of the first signatories of Charter 77. In 1989 he was one of the prominent leaders of the Civic Forum, founded at the start of the Velvet Revolution. Having participated in the negotiations leading to changes to the federal, Czech and Slovak governments, he was appointed Prime Minister of the Czech Socialist Republic.

Pithart is often characterised as a philosopher and thinker, rather than a tactical or charismatic leader. His 1990-92 Czech government was unable to deal with the growing power of federal Finance Minister Václav Klaus and his increasingly popular Civic Democratic Party, nor growing Slovak nationalism, which culminated in the dissolution of Czechoslovakia and defeat for Pithart's Civic Movement party.

Pithart was unsuccessful in his bid to become President of the Czech Republic at the 2003 election, losing to Václav Klaus.

In 1998 Pithart joined the Christian and Democratic Union - Czechoslovak People's Party. He was elected as senator in 1996, and re-elected in 2000 and 2006. He was the First Deputy Chairman of the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic from 2004 to 2012. He retired in 2012.

title: Petr Pithart


text:
Atom Willard

Adam David "Atom" Willard (August 15, 1973) is an American drummer who has been a member of several notable musical acts. His career began in 1990 when he joined Rocket from the Crypt, with whom he remained until 2000. Subsequently, he joined the Special Goodness, the Offspring, and in 2005 became a founding member of Angels & Airwaves. In 2007 Willard departed from the Offspring to focus on his work with Angels & Airwaves, and in April 2009 he also joined Social Distortion, but left the following March. In June 2011, he joined the band Danko Jones and in October 2011 amicably left Angels & Airwaves. From 2013 to 2020, he was the drummer for Against Me! until their indefinite hiatus. Currently he is playing in the bands Worriers, Plosivs, Lektron, and Alkaline Trio.

1990–2000, 2011, 2013, 2014: Rocket from the Crypt
Willard joined the San Diego, California rock band Rocket from the Crypt in 1990, after their original drummer Sean had moved away from San Diego. In a 2006 interview Willard recalled of the experience:

It was crazy, man. I was just 16, I would drive down to this kind of sketchy, strange rehearsal space in this part of town I'd never been, and there were people living in some of the spaces. It was just weird, and everybody was older than me. But the sound was rad. It was a lot of soul, a lot of Otis Redding, James Brown–but it was up against a serious punk-rock influence, and just regular rock 'n' roll. Every song had four personalities!

Willard performed on Rocket from the Crypt's second album Circa: Now! (1992) and subsequent albums Hot Charity (1995), Scream, Dracula, Scream! (1995), and RFTC (1998), as well as numerous EPs and singles. During his years with the band he toured the United States and Europe. Willard recalls several wild tour experiences with the group such as touring in a box truck and an airport shuttle, both at his suggestion. In 2000, however, he decided to leave the group due to disagreements with the other members over the band's direction:

I was getting disillusioned with the way we were doing business. It was getting harder and harder to survive–those tours where you'd come home with no money, that was getting less cool. [Laughs.] I didn't just want to get some temp job to survive and go on tour anymore. I wanted to play the drums; I wanted to play music and make a living off of it. And I thought I could. And we all could. I wanted some changes and Speedo and I were kind of at odds on that stuff; we disagreed on how we should go about it.

Willard was replaced in Rocket from the Crypt's lineup by Mario Rubalcaba.

In October 2011, he reunited with Rocket From the Crypt to perform the song "He's a Chef" on the children's television show Yo Gabba Gabba. In September 2013 he played 3 shows with the band for Riot Fest. In November 2014 he played with the band at Fun Fun Fun Fest in Austin, Texas.

2000–2003: The Special Goodness and temporary acts
After leaving Rocket from the Crypt Willard served as a drum technician for Weezer. In 2000 he filled in as a touring drummer for Alkaline Trio and appeared with them in the music video for the single "Private Eye". He soon joined Weezer drummer Patrick Wilson in his side project the Special Goodness, in which Willard drummed while Wilson sang and played guitar. Willard also filled in with Moth in 2002 for tours in support of their third album Provisions, Fiction and Gear and appeared in their music video for "I See Sound". Willard's first recorded output with the Special Goodness was 2003's Land Air Sea. The band have not released an album since then. Willard also recorded drum tracks for the songs "Head Unbound" and "Would If I Could" on Melissa Auf der Maur's debut solo album Auf der Maur (2004).

2003–2005: The Offspring
In 2003 Willard became an official member of the Offspring, replacing long-time drummer Ron Welty who had left the group earlier that year. During Willard's tenure with the group he performed on numerous tours but only performed on one song. Professional drummer Josh Freese had recorded the drum tracks for the band's 2003 album Splinter after Welty left the group. Willard joined shortly before the album's release and appeared with them in the music video for the single "(Can't Get My) Head Around You". However, in 2005 he became a founding member of Angels & Airwaves (see below), and his commitments to the new group began to draw him away from the Offspring. The Offspring released a Greatest Hits compilation in 2005 including two new songs, "Can't Repeat" and a cover of The Police's "Next to You". Willard appeared with the band in the "Can't Repeat" music video and recorded the drum tracks for "Next to You". In July 2007 it was officially announced he had left The Offspring to focus on Angels & Airwaves. Freese again recorded drum tracks for the Offspring for Rise and Fall, Rage and Grace (2008) before he was permanently replaced by former Face to Face drummer Pete Parada. Offspring singer Dexter Holland later commented:

The simple truth is that Atom had been working on a few of his own projects during our down time, including Angels & Airwaves but other things too. We think that's great. Unfortunately, in order for him to see those things through he isn't left with enough time to devote to future Offspring stuff. It was a tough choice, but we understand. Atom's been a great drummer for us and we're sure Pete will be great too! Later it became known that Willard wasn't happy in the band because he couldn't get creatifly fullfilled.

2005–2011: Angels & Airwaves
While the Offspring took a "touring hiatus" in 2006, Willard joined Tom DeLonge in his new group Angels & Airwaves. In an interview with Shave Magazine, he said that felt the collective experience of all the members of the band made joining very easy for him. "There's nobody trying to figure out what is and what isn't going to work, not just for themselves but for music and for a band, what life's going to be like on the road and all that kind of stuff. Everybody had enough experience to just buckle down and do the work. It really has made it easier than anything else." DeLonge remarked that Willard "has always felt to me like the single largest score in music. He is a loyal, honest and humble friend, but an even better showman." The band, which also included former Box Car Racer/Hazen Street guitarist David Kennedy and former Distillers bassist Ryan Sinn, released their debut album We Don't Need to Whisper in May 2006. It peaked at #4 on the Billboard 200 and spawned several successful singles including "The Adventure", "It Hurts", "Do It for Me Now", and "The War", and Willard toured extensively with the group in support of the album. In July 2007, during production of the band's second album I-Empire, Willard left the Offspring to focus on his work with Angels & Airwaves. The album was released in November 2007 and went on to sell over 200,000 copies in the United States. Singles from I-Empire included "Everything's Magic", "Secret Crowds", and "Breathe". He also played on Angels & Airwaves third album, Love, released in February 2010. Willard toured with Angels & Airwaves in support of the album in May and July. On October 4, 2011, Willard officially left from Angels & Airwaves. The split is said to have been "amicable" with the rest of the band. Prior to his split with Angels & Airwaves, Willard had completed recording all drum tracks for the group's fourth studio album Love: Part Two released in November 2011.

2009–2010: Social Distortion
In April 2009 Willard replaced Charlie Quintana in Social Distortion. He toured Europe and the United States with Social Distortion in 2009, was scheduled to tour South America with them in April 2010, and had been in the studio recording their seventh studio album. On March 8, 2010, due to scheduling conflicts with Angels & Airwaves, Willard departed from Social Distortion. He was replaced by Fu Manchu drummer Scott Reeder for their South American tour.

2011–2013: theHELL
In February 2011 Willard joined Matt Skiba of Alkaline Trio for a side project called theHELL. Their debut EP, Sauves les Requines, was released in January 2012. theHell put out another EP titled Southern Medicine in 2013.

2011–2013: Danko Jones
In June 2011 he became the drummer for Canadian group Danko Jones. As of July 2013 he is no longer in Danko Jones.

2013–present: Against Me! and Alkaline Trio
Willard filled in with Against Me! for the band's 2013 Australian tour dates. On July 31, 2013, Willard officially announced on his Twitter page that he was the full-time drummer for Against Me!, led by Laura Jane Grace In 2018, he also became a member of Laura Jane Grace and the Devouring Mothers.

In early 2023, Willard reunited with Skiba to form a new band, Lektron, alongside AFI bassist Hunter Burgan, and SpiritWorld guitarist Randy Moore. In the coming weeks, he was also announced to be reuniting with Alkaline Trio, this time as their full-time drummer following the departure of Derek Grant.

Musical equipment
When performing with Angels and Airwaves his drum kit consists of two snare drums (6.5"x14" and 7"x12"), two tom-toms (6"x6" and 8"x12"), two floor toms (14"x16" and 16"x18"), and a bass drum (18"x26"). For cymbals he uses Zildjian K custom session hi-hats (14"), an A custom EFX crash cymbal (20"), one A custom projection crash (20"), a K custom ride cymbal (22"), and a K custom medium ride cymbal (20"). Since 2010, Atom has been an official Drum Workshop endorser, both for hardware and drums.

Discography
This section lists albums and EPs on which Willard has performed. For complete listings of releases by each act, see their individual articles.

title: Atom Willard


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Republican Party Nominee

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page, if it exists; or after the end of this archived section. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 8 July 2005 19:43 (UTC)

Republican Party Nominee
Unnecessary article. MisfitToys 23:03, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep No reason to delete it. Can be expanded to discuss some history... --Wolf530 00:41, May 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Sorry... we would have accepted List of Republican Party presidential nominees... if you had written one.  Dcarrano July 3, 2005 02:45 (UTC)
 * Delete, borderline dicdef, and this topic's already covered in the various election articles, e.g. U.S. presidential election, 2008. --Idont Havaname 3 July 2005 03:51 (UTC)
 * Delete no use --IncMan July 3, 2005 04:13 (UTC)
 * Delete or Merge with Republican Party or another relevant article. -SocratesJedi | Talk 3 July 2005 04:25 (UTC)
 * Delete, because I see no way this could be turned into a useful article. It should be obvious to many people, even if they have not heard of the "Republican Party" that a "Republican Party Nominee" is someone nominated by/for the "Republican Party."  As Idont havaname said, it is a borderline dicdef. Ben Babcock 3 July 2005 05:30 (UTC)
 * Delete: It is a dicdef, aside from completely obvious. --Alex12 3 3 July 2005 09:37 (UTC)
 * Delete dicdef. — Chameleon 3 July 2005 16:39 (UTC)
 * Delete --Yooden
 * Delete dicdef. JamesBurns 4 July 2005 00:41 (UTC)
 * Delete dicdef. If this were allowed to remain, wikipedia would need Democratic Party Nominee, Libertarian Party Nominee, Labour Party Nominee/candidate etc, ad infinitum. --WCFrancis 4 July 2005 06:07 (UTC)
 * Delete, although I'd usually vote for something valid to be expanded rather than deleted... I can't see much scope for this one... Oliver Keenan July 4, 2005 22:09 (UTC)

 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be placed on a related article talk page, if one exists; in an undeletion request, if it does not; or below this section.


text:
Talk:Kiev (brand)

POV
I removed the following from the article because I couldn't think of a good way to NPOV it:

Pros - Carl Zeiss lenses available - Full frame 'fish eye' lens available at a reasonable cost - High quality re-manufacture options available

Cons - Limited accessories available - Limited availability in the United States

-- Avocado 23:05, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)

Links
I just wanted to leave a note that I intend to add to this article and provide some links for others. I've got a good handful of links to distributors and other web sites dealing with Kiev cameras, mainly the medium format models (60 and 88). Some of these links could go in the article, but I wouldn't want to have too many commercial links.

 * AraxPhoto - A distributor/modifier with a very slick web site. In Kyiv, Ukraine.
 * Hartblei - Another distributor/modifier with a not so slick web site. Also make their own shift-lenses. In Czech republic?
 * Kiev USA - A US distributor.
 * Kiev Camera - Another US distributor.
 * Soviet Camera: Kiev 35mm - a list of second-hand cameras for sale. Could be useful for describing Kiev's range of 35mm cameras.

 * Kievaholics - A "fan" site. Got some good information in there.
 * Afred's Camera Page(s) - has some information on a lot of cameras, some of them Kiev.
 * The great Kiev/Hasselblad mystery - Some conjecture about the origin of the medium format cameras from Hasselblad and Kiev. The whole medfmt.8k.com site is very useful, if crudely presented.

-- Imroy 13:33, 2005 Jun 16 (UTC)

Ok, I've added two big chunks of info to the page. My writing can't be that great, so I'd appreciate it if someone went through and cleaned it up. I'm afraid of writing too much about the distributors/modders like Arax or Hartblei and making something NPOV or sounding like an ad or something. Frankly, I look at the gear on the slick Arax site and drool. So someone let me know when I've gone too far, ok? I'd also like to get some info about the 35mm Kiev cameras, just to balance it with the medium format cameras (88/60).

-- Imroy 16:23, 2005 Jun 20 (UTC)

Russar lenses
I thought I'd just copy here a note that 217.21.35.56 left on a recent edit:

 * No Russars were ever made in Kiev/Contax mount; some garage mods from LTM versions appear on ebay every so often. OTOH, a quantity of Orion-15s was produced and exported. The 135mm lens is J-11 f/4.

Imroy 10:47, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

Lens mount modifications
Perhaps someone can help me with the new section on common modifications. On their website Arax describe the upgrade process they put the Kiev cameras through. I added a link to one a while ago because I though it was informative. Anyway, on their page about upgrading the Kiev 88CM they say "The Pentacon Six breech-lock lens mount has been redesigned and upgraded.".

Just what is the Pentacon 6 (P6) lens mount like? Arax claims their modifications make the lens mount more compatible with old lenses, in particular those made by Carl Zeiss Jena (CZJ). What would these modifications involve? --Imroy 11:20, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

645
I seem to think that this was not a modification, but a version from the factory --71.235.158.68 (talk) 22:02, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

35mm lenses
The section on lenses seems to list only medium format lenses. The 35mmm lenses made for the Kiev-19 and Kiev-20 are missing, which is a pity since these are also compatible with the Nikon F mount. Should such lenses be added to this page, or to a section in Nikon F-mount? --Nantonos (talk) 01:10, 20 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I think such lenses should definitely go here, with a link to here from the F mount article. The article could perhaps do with a little rearrangement to better separate the 35 mm rangefinder products from the medium format ones. --Imroy (talk) 01:04, 21 January 2009 (UTC)

Arsenal closed?
I am a little bit puzzled at the first section of the article, which states that Arsenal factory has ceased its activiy. According to its official page, it does not look like it is the case. Could anyone confirm this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.6.184.150 (talk) 12:33, 26 July 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Kiev (brand). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080927103531/http://www.zavodarsenal.kiev.ua/index.phtml?lan=e&id=_1_3 to http://www.zavodarsenal.kiev.ua/index.phtml?lan=e&id=_1_3

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 07:21, 26 December 2017 (UTC)

Extended article
For now this is still a WIP, but I extended the article with some info about 35mm Kiev cameras and lenses. I separated them into RF and SLR subtypes. Now the article feels more balanced, I think.

English is not my native language so it would be great if someone could fix the occasional errors in language (I'm sure there are some).

As requested by someone, the article now includes a complete list of Kiev RF lenses and a list of Nikon F lenses (I am not sure this one is complete, still searching).

Kiev 35A doesn't seem to be a SLR, but temporary I left it in SLR part of the article until I gather more info.

It would probably be appropriate to include Kiev-16U camera in this article, even if it's not for still photography I feel like it belongs here. Will work on that in the near future.

I feel like the article could do with additional pictures (not the same camera over and over again, but different kinds of cameras). I don't own those cameras so if anyone does, it would be great if someone would update this page with appropriate pictures. If no one does that, I'll go around asking people for permission to add their pictures of the cameras to this page.

This is the first time I'm updating Wikipedia, I hope I'm doing this right.

Smhmh (talk) 21:24, 25 December 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kiev (brand)


text:
Category:High schools in Alberta

This category is for senior high schools in Alberta, which teach grades 10–12. Junior high schools, which teach grades 7–9, should be put in Category:Middle schools in Alberta. Some schools, which teach more than the normal three grades, may fall under both categories.

title: Category:High schools in Alberta


text: User talk:63.193.225.45

title: User talk:63.193.225.45


text: User talk:71.107.4.236

title: User talk:71.107.4.236


text:
La Quinta del Buitre

La Quinta del Buitre is the moniker given by Spanish sport journalist Julio César Iglesias to the five homegrown Real Madrid players who were at the core of the team that dominated Spanish football in the 1980s. The name ("Vulture's Cohort") was derived from Emilio Butragueño's nickname El Buitre, the most charismatic and prominent player of the group. The other four members were Manolo Sanchís, Rafael Martín Vázquez, Míchel and Miguel Pardeza. All five players were graduates of Real Madrid's youth academy, La Fábrica.

Origin
The name originated from an El País article written by journalist Julio César Iglesias entitled "Amancio y la quinta del Buitre". Originally, the article's title was intended to be simply "La Quinta del Buitre", however Iglesias remembers that he decided to add Amancio's name after being advised by the paper's editors that writing a 90-line article about a group of kids, "mocosos", would be excessive. However, that group of young players brought new stamina to the team and they were representatives of the new dynamic that the entire Spanish society was experiencing in those late 1970s and early 1980s.

By the time the article was published, all five players were part of Real Madrid's reserves team, Castilla, and the article had a major impact in order to attract the attention towards these young players. At the end of the season, Castilla finished as champions of the 1983–84 Segunda División, but by then only Míchel was still not incorporated into Real Madrid first team, with the other four having been transferred immediately after the article was published. Sanchís and Martín Vázquez were the first to play for Real Madrid's first team, making their debut away at Murcia on 4 December 1983. Coach Alfredo Di Stéfano brought the youngsters in from the start. Both played surprisingly well and Sanchís even scored the winning goal. A few months later, on 5 February 1984, Emilio Butragueño made his debut in an away game at Cádiz. El Buitre was an instant sensation and scored twice. Pardeza was added to the first team that same season and Míchel followed at the start of the next.

Achievements
With La Quinta del Buitre at its core (reduced to four members when Pardeza left the club for Zaragoza in 1986) Real Madrid had one of the best teams in Spain and Europe during the second half of the 1980s, winning amongst others two UEFA Cups and five Spanish championships in a row. Their record was only blemished by their failure to win the European Cup.

All the five players were part of Spain's squad during 1990 FIFA World Cup. In the last minutes of the game against Belgium, la "Quinta" was reunited on the pitch after the entry of Miguel Pardeza for Julio Salinas. It was the only time during World Cup Finals.

Martín Vázquez went to play for Torino in 1990. He made a return to Real Madrid in 1992, leaving the club again for good in 1995 (to Deportivo de La Coruña). Butragueño left the club in 1995 and Míchel in 1996. Both went to play for Club Celaya in Mexico.

Sanchís was the only member of La Quinta to never play for a club other than Real Madrid. By winning the Champions League twice (in 1998 and 2000), he also managed to accomplish what La Quinta had failed to achieve in its glory days. He retired in 2001 as the last active member of the famous cohort. In 1998, Sanchís was even awarded the Champions League trophy first, because he was by then the captain of Real Madrid and had played the whole final against Juventus.

With the years, "Quinta Del Buitre" has earned a more generic meaning, being also associated with a brand of football played by Real Madrid in the late 1980s and early 1990s, under the stewardship of coaches Luis Molowny, Leo Beenhakker and John Toshack. During those years, the Madrid club became synonymous with a high-tempo and very skilled, aggressive, style of play. The heated atmosphere then prevailing at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium sometimes pushed the players to go beyond the limits of acceptable behaviour. Real Madrid was during this period a reckless attacking machine, playing without a holding midfielder very often.

Comparisons to Galácticos
La Quinta del Buitre has been contrasted with the Galácticos era of the early-to-mid 2000s. This latter period saw Real Madrid adopt a fluid and attacking approach to its football under coach Vicente del Bosque. Unlike the Quinta del Buitre years, which favoured homegrown talent, Del Bosque's side was based mainly on expensive foreign imports such as Luís Figo, Zinedine Zidane and Ronaldo. In the meantime, the profile of the supporters attending games at the Santiago Bernabéu had also changed, an embourgeoisement process meant that the support was no longer as vocal and passionate as in the 1980s. A notorious banner deployed in the stands during that period read "Less dollars, more cojones", indicating some kind of nostalgia for the fighting spirit and aggressiveness displayed by the Quinta del Buitre.

The Galácticos were less dominant domestically than their predecessors, winning only two Ligas titles, in 2000–01 and 2002–03. Nevertheless, unlike the Quinta del Buitre, they managed to extend their dominance to Europe, winning three Champions League trophies between 1997 and 2002. It is worth noting that two of these continental titles were won prior to the marquee arrival of Figo, and are therefore not a part of the per se Galácticos period.

In a country where football has the dimension of a national passion, the Quinta del Buitre was the engine behind the transformation of Spanish football into a more technically developed attacking style of play and, along with Cruyff's Dream Team, the two dominated a decade of Spanish football.

Recognition and reception
The Governing Council of Community of Madrid City awarded the group of footballers with 2021 International Sports Award for their contribution in Spanish and European Football in 2022.

Manchester City president Ferran Soriano, commenting on the supposed "luck" surrounding Real Madrid's 2022 Champions League victory, said: "People don't remember that in the 80s and 90s [Real] had a fantastic team, one of the best in history, with [Emilio] Butragueno and La Quinta, and they could not win [the European Cup]. Milan eliminated them every year. So they were somewhat lucky now, but they were also very unlucky for years."

title: La Quinta del Buitre


text:
User:Waaak

ddw

title: User:Waaak


text:
No. 2 Group RAF

No. 2 Group is a group of the Royal Air Force which was first activated in 1918, served from 1918–20, from 1936 through the Second World War to 1947, from 1948 to 1958, from 1993 to 1996, was reactivated in 2000, and is today part of Air Command.

The group is sometimes referred to as the Air Combat Support Group, as it controls the aircraft used to support the Royal Navy and RAF's front line combat force. Assets under command includes the Strategic and Tactical Air Transport aircraft (including VIP/Communication), the RAF Police, field squadrons of the RAF Regiment, and Air-to-Air Refuelling aircraft. The group headquarters is located alongside Headquarters Air Command at RAF High Wycombe in Buckinghamshire.

History
No. 2 Group was originally formed as No. 2 (Training) Group on 1 April 1918 at Oxford. The unit was disbanded at RAF Uxbridge on 31 March 1920 as the need for training had lessened following the armistice.

The Group was reformed as No. 2 (Bombing) Group on 20 March 1936, with its headquarters base at Abingdon in Oxfordshire. By the outbreak of war Group Headquarters were at RAF Wyton, Cambridgeshire and composed of the following squadrons and Wings; Nos. 18 and 57 Squadrons (composing 70 Wing at RAF Upper Heyford Oxfordshire) ; Nos. 21 and 82 Squadrons (79 Wing, RAF Watton, Norfolk) Nos. 90 and 101 Squadrons (81 Wing, RAF West Raynham Norfolk), Nos. 114 and 139 Squadrons (82 Wing, Wyton) and Nos. 107 and 110 Squadrons (83 Wing, RAF Wattisham Suffolk)

79, 81, 82 and 83 Wings formed part of the Advanced Air Striking Force, and 70 Wing was earmarked for service with the Field Force in France. The force consisted of Bristol Blenheim Mk. IVs and the Blenheim Mk. I. On 3 September 1939, the day war broke out, a Blenheim from 2 Group made the first British operational sortie to cross the German frontier in the Second World War. The following day saw the Group's Blenheims make the first British bombing attack of the war. In April 1940, Norway was invaded by the Germans. In response to a request for air support two Blenheim squadrons, Nos. 110 and 107, were placed on temporary detachment to RAF Lossiemouth in Moray, from where they could attack shipping and the German held airfield at Stavanger in southern Norway.

The Group carried out intensive operations against the advancing Germans in the Battle of France following their breakthrough of 10 May 1940, suffering heavy losses. On 17 May, twelve crews of No. 82 Squadron left Watton to attack enemy columns near Gembloux. A severe flak barrage split the formation up, allowing Messerschmitt Bf 109s to attack. Only one Blenheim managed to return to Watton, the rest being shot down; 82 Squadron was operational three days later. During June, Blenheims began a new phase by bombing Luftwaffe airfields in France. In July the twelve Blenheim squadrons of 2 Group lost 31 aircraft, along with three wing commanders. During the summer the light bomber force also supported defensive operations during the Battle of Britain, bombing German invasion barges being concentrated in the Channel ports.

As Bomber Command commenced on its night offensive against Germany, 2 Group was set aside to engage in daylight raids on shipping, coastal ports and other targets across the channel in Occupied Europe. At that stage of the war the Group's Blenheims were near obsolete and suffering many casualties. Operations continued unabated under Air Vice-Marshal D. F. Stevenson, a man who was infamous throughout the RAF at the time for his ruthless aggression, his ambition and his lack of concern for the losses suffered by his crews. Even Churchill was greatly disturbed by the losses on the attacks Stevenson was ordering his crews to fly. Upon his removal as Air Officer Commanding (AOC) in December 1941 his crews were greatly relieved.

No. 2 Group carried out a low-level attack on Bremen on 2 July 1941 in which the leader, Wing Commander Hughie Edwards of No. 105 Squadron, won the Victoria Cross. 2 Group supported the ill-fated Dieppe Raid in August 1942. Mosquito B Mk IVs also made the first daylight attack on Berlin.

On 6 December 1942 James Pelly-Fry led 2 Group's Operation Oyster daylight raid on the Philips electrical works at Eindhoven in the Netherlands. Eight of 2 Group's squadrons were committed to the raid, which was complicated by the need to use three types of bomber aircraft to get an adequate bomb load to the target. The raid involved the use of de Havilland Mosquitos, Douglas Bostons and Lockheed Venturas. Losses to 2 Group were severe, with 14 aircraft brought down by flak and enemy fighters, a 20 per cent loss rate. Three more aircraft crash-landed on returning to England; fifty-seven aircraft had been damaged and needed repairs. The raid wrought great destruction the Philips works, which did not return to production of radio tubes and other electronic equipment for six months. Casualties suffered by the Dutch workers and civilian population, though substantial, were significantly less than what would have occurred if the mission had been attempted by the heavy bombers in a night raid.

At the end of May 1943 the Group left RAF Bomber Command to join the new Second Tactical Air Force, and came under Fighter Command control until the formation of the Allied Expeditionary Air Force five months later. 2 Group Mosquitos also made Operation Jericho the famous wall-breaching operation against Amiens gaol in early 1944 which cost Group Captain Charles Pickard (of Target for Tonight film fame) his life. By the Normandy landings on D-day, No. 2 Group consisted of four wings of Douglas Bostons, North American Mitchells, and Mosquito light and medium bombers. During Operation Market Garden in September 1944 the Group included 136, 138, and 140 Wings, flying Mosquitos. and 137 & 139 Wings, flying the Mitchell. No. 2 Group flew just over 57,000 operational sorties at a cost of 2,671 men killed or missing and 396 wounded.

The group was disbanded on 1 May 1947 and reformed on 1 December 1948 within the British Air Force of Occupation. It was transferred again to Second Tactical Air Force on 1 September 1951. On 1 July 1956, No. 2 Group appeared to encompass wings at RAF Ahlhorn (No. 125 Wing RAF), RAF Fassberg (No. 121 Wing RAF), RAF Gutersloh (No. 551 Wing RAF, under the control of Bomber Command), Jever (No. 122 Wing RAF), RAF Laarbruch (No. 34 Wing RAF), RAF Oldenburg (No. 124 Wing RAF), and RAF Wunstorf (No. 123 Wing RAF). No. 2 Group was disbanded on 15 November 1958.

The group was reformed 1 April 1993 by renaming RAF Germany and was then disbanded on 1 April 1996 with absorption into No. 1 Group RAF. It was reformed on 7 January 2000 to take control of air transport, air-to-air refuelling and airborne early warning within the RAF. The AOC's two principal subordinates were Air Commodore AT/AAR & C3I (directing air transport, AAR, and C3I) and Air Commodore Royal Air Force Regiment & Survive to Operate. On 1 April 2006 it took over the responsibilities of No. 3 Group RAF, which was disbanded.

Component stations
As of May 2023, the following stations are under the command of No. 2 Group.

 * East Region
 * RAF Marham
 * RAF Honington
 * RAF Benson
 * RAF Boulmer
 * RAF Brize Norton

 * RAF Henlow
 * RAF High Wycombe
 * RAF Odiham
 * RAF Northolt
 * RAF Wittering

Component units
As of early 2023, No. 2 Group comprises the following units. Unless indicated otherwise, subordinate units are located at the same location as the unit they report to.

Air Mobility Force

 * Headquarters Air Mobility Force (RAF Brize Norton)
 * No.10 Squadron – Voyager KC2/KC3
 * No. 24 Squadron – Hercules C4/C5, A400M Atlas and C-17 Globemaster III
 * No. 30 Squadron – A400M Atlas
 * No. 32 (The Royal) Squadron – Envoy IV CC1 and AW109SP GrandNew (RAF Northolt)
 * No. 47 Squadron – Hercules C4/C5
 * No. 70 Squadron – A400M Atlas
 * No. 99 Squadron – C-17 Globemaster III
 * No. 101 Squadron – Voyager KC2/KC3
 * No. 622 (Reserve Aircrew) Squadron (Royal Auxiliary Air Force)
 * Airborne Delivery Wing
 * Headquarters and Operation Squadron
 * Performance Development Squadron
 * RAF Falcons Parachute Display Team
 * Parachute Engineering Squadron
 * Parachute Training Squadron
 * Support Squadron
 * Airport of Embarkation Wing

Air Security Force

 * Headquarters Air Security Force (RAF Honington)
 * Defence Flying Complaints Investigation Team (RAF College Cranwell)
 * RAF Police Engagement Team (RAF College Cranwell)
 * DSCU (North) RAF Section (RAF Cranwell)
 * DSCU (East) RAF Section (RAF Halton)
 * No. 1 RAF Police & Security Wing
 * Headquarters No. 1 RAF Police & Security Wing
 * No. 3 (Tactical) Police Squadron (Royal Auxiliary Air Force)
 * Counter Intelligence and Security Squadron
 * Force Protection Intelligence Centre
 * Forensic Exploitation Flight (RAF Henlow)
 * Digital Forensics Team+
 * Scientific Support Unit
 * No. 2 RAF Police & Security Wing (RAF Waddington)
 * Headquarters No. 2 RAF Police & Security Wing
 * No. 1 Tactical Police Squadron (No. 22 Group Security Squadron) (RAF College Cranwell)
 * No. 4 RAF Police (Typhoon) Squadron (RAF Coningsby)
 * No. 5 RAF Police (ISTAR) Squadron Headquarters (RAF Waddington)
 * No. 6 RAF Police (Lightning) Squadron Headquarters (RAF Marham)
 * No. 2503 (County of Lincoln) Squadron (Royal Auxiliary Air Force) Regiment
 * Defence Warning and Reporting Flight (RAF Waddington)
 * No. 3 RAF Police & Security Wing (RAF Brize Norton)
 * Headquarters No. 3 RAF Police & Security Wing
 * No. 2 Squadron RAF Regiment
 * No. 7 RAF Police (Air Mobility) Squadron
 * No. 2624 (County of Oxford) Squadron (Royal Auxiliary Air Force) Regiment
 * Battlespace Management & Space Security Squadron

Air Command and Control Force

 * Headquarters Air Command and Control Force (RAF Boulmer)
 * No. 144 Signals Unit
 * No. 19 Squadron
 * No. 20 Squadron
 * No. 78 Squadron (Swanwick)
 * No. 505 (Wessex) Squadron (Royal Auxiliary Air Force) (RAF St Mawgan)
 * No. 602 (City of Glasgow) Squadron (Royal Auxiliary Air Force) (Glasgow)
 * No. 607 (County of Durham) Squadron (Royal Auxiliary Air Force) (RAF Leeming)

Combat and Readiness Force

 * Headquarters Combat and Readiness Force (RAF Honington)
 * No. 2 Force Protection Wing (RAF Leeming)
 * Headquarters No. 2 Force Protection Wing
 * No. 34 Squadron RAF Regiment
 * No. 63 Squadron (King's Colour Squadron) RAF Regiment (RAF Northolt)
 * No. 609 (West Riding) Squadron (Royal Auxiliary Air Force) Regiment
 * No. 3 Force Protection Wing (RAF Marham)
 * Headquarters No. 3 Force Protection Wing
 * No. 15 Squadron RAF Regiment
 * No. 2620 (County of Norfolk) Squadron (Royal Auxiliary Air Force) Regiment
 * No. 5 RAF Force Protection Wing (RAF Lossiemouth)
 * Headquarters No. 5 Force Protection Wing
 * No. 51 Squadron RAF Regiment
 * No. 603 (City of Edinburgh) Squadron (Royal Auxiliary Air Force) (Edinburgh)
 * No. 2622 (Highland) Squadron (Royal Auxiliary Air Force) Regiment
 * No. 7 Force Protection Wing (RAF Coningsby)
 * Headquarters No. 7 Force Protection Wing
 * No. 1 Squadron RAF Regiment (RAF Honington)
 * No. 2623 (East Anglian) Squadron (Royal Auxiliary Air Force) Regiment (RAF Honington)
 * Air Land Integration (ALI) Cell

RAF Medical Services

 * RAF Medical Services Headquarters (RAF High Wycombe)
 * Tactical Medical Wing (RAF Brize Norton)
 * Headquarters Tactical Medical Wing
 * Aeromedical Evacuation Control Centre
 * Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron
 * Capability and Sustainment Squadron
 * Operations Squadron
 * Training Squadron
 * Medical Reserves Support Cell
 * No. 612 (County of Aberdeen) Squadron (Royal Auxiliary Air Force) (Leuchars Station)
 * No. 4626 (County of Wiltshire) Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron (Royal Auxiliary Air Force) (RAF Brize Norton)
 * RAF Centre of Aviation Medicine (RAF Henlow)
 * Aviation Medicine Wing
 * Occupational and Environmental Medicine Wing
 * Support Wing

Support Force

 * Headquarters Support Force (RAF Wittering)
 * No. 1 Air Mobility Wing (RAF Brize Norton)
 * Air Movements Squadron
 * Operational Support Squadron
 * Mobile Air Movements Squadron
 * No. 42 (Expeditionary Support) Wing (RAF Wittering)
 * Headquarters No. 42 (ES) Wing
 * No. 71 (Inspection and Repair) Squadron
 * No. 93 (Expeditionary Armaments) Squadron
 * No. 5001 Squadron
 * Joint Aircraft Recovery and Transportation Squadron (MOD Boscombe Down)
 * No. 85 (Expeditionary Logistics) Wing (RAF Wittering)
 * Headquarters No. 85 (EL) Wing
 * No. 1 Expeditionary Logistics Squadron
 * No. 2 Mechanical Transport Squadron
 * No. 3 Mobile Catering Squadron
 * No. 504 (County of Nottingham) Squadron (Royal Auxiliary Air Force)
 * RAF Mountain Rescue Service (RAF Valley)
 * Headquarters RAF Mountain Rescue Service
 * RAF Leeming Mountain Rescue Team (RAF Leeming)
 * RAF Lossiemouth Mountain Rescue Team (RAF Lossiemouth)
 * RAF Valley Mountain Rescue Team (RAF Valley)
 * RAF Music Services (RAF Northolt)
 * Headquarters RAF Music Services
 * Band of the RAF College & the RAF Swing Wing (RAF College Cranwell)
 * Band of the RAF Regiment & the RAF Shades of Blue
 * Band of the Royal Auxiliary Air Force (RAF College Cranwell)
 * Central Band of the RAF & the RAF Squadronaires
 * RAF Salon Orchestra
 * Reserves Logistics Support Wing
 * No. 501 (County of Gloucester) Squadron (Royal Auxiliary Air Force) (RAF Brize Norton)
 * No. 605 (County of Warwick) Squadron (Royal Auxiliary Air Force) (RAF Cosford)
 * No. 4624 (County of Oxford) Squadron (Royal Auxiliary Air Force) (RAF Brize Norton)
 * No. 90 Signals Unit (RAF Leeming)
 * Headquarters Squadron
 * Operational Information Services Wing
 * No. 4 (Capability and Innovation) Squadron
 * No. 5 (Information Services) Squadron
 * No. 6 Cyber Reserve Squadron
 * No. 591 Signals Unit
 * Tactical Communications Wing
 * No. 1 (Engineering Support) Squadron
 * No. 2 Field Communications Squadron
 * No. 3 Field Communications Squadron

1918 to 1920

 * 1 April 1918 Lieutenant Colonel Wilfrid Freeman

1936 to 1947

 * 1936 Air Commodore Bertine Sutton
 * 1 September 1936 Air Commodore Stanley Goble (RAAF)
 * 2 December 1937 Air Commodore Charles Blount
 * 16 May 1938 Air Vice-Marshal Cuthbert MacLean
 * 17 April 1940 Air Vice-Marshal James Robb
 * 12 February 1941 Air Vice-Marshal D F Stevenson
 * 17 December 1941 Air Vice-Marshal Alan Lees
 * 29 December 1942 Air Vice-Marshal John D'Albiac
 * 1 June 1943 Air Vice-Marshal Basil Embry
 * 8 August 1945 Air Vice-Marshal P E Maitland
 * 18 March 1946 Air Commodore Leslie William Cannon
 * 3 June 1946 Air Vice-Marshal A L Paxton

1948 to 1958

 * 1 December 1948 Air Commodore Laurence Frank Sinclair
 * 16 January 1950 Air Commodore The Earl of Bandon
 * 18 June 1951 Air Commodore Hector McGregor
 * 9 November 1953 Air Vice-Marshal J R Hallings-Pott
 * 1 July 1955 Air Vice-Marshal S R Ubee

1993 to 1996

 * 1 April 1993 Air Vice-Marshal Graeme Robertson
 * 17 January 1994 Air Vice-Marshal Roderick Goodall

2000 to present

 * 1 April 2000 Air Vice-Marshal K D Filbey
 * 2 August 2002 Air Vice-Marshal Nigel Maddox
 * January 2005 Air Vice-Marshal Iain McNicoll
 * 9 February 2007 Air Vice-Marshal Andrew Pulford
 * 16 September 2008 Air Vice-Marshal Stephen Hillier
 * October 2010 Air Vice-Marshal Philip Osborn
 * 18 January 2013 Air Vice-Marshal Sean Reynolds
 * July 2015 Air Vice-Marshal Gavin Parker
 * June 2017 Air Vice Marshal David Cooper
 * September 2019 Air Vice-Marshal Alan Gillespie
 * October 2021 Air Vice-Marshal Suraya Marshall
 * February 2024 Air Vice-Marshal Jason Appleton

title: No. 2 Group RAF


text:
User talk:Waaak

dww

title: User talk:Waaak


text:
Soncino

Soncino may refer to:

Places

 * Soncino, Lombardy, a comune of the Province of Cremona, Italy

People

 * Soncino family (printers), an Italian family of Jewish printers
 * Scipione Barbò Soncino (or Scipione Barbuo), a 16th-century Italian jurist and writer, active in Padua

Other uses

 * Battle of Soncino, a battle in the Wars in Lombardy fought in 1431
 * Soncino Books of the Bible, a set of Hebrew Bible commentaries
 * Soncino Press, a modern English publisher specialising in Jewish subjects

title: Soncino


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Log/2005 April 22

April 22

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 14:01, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Category:Mavis Beacon
Created by overzealous anon user, then changed to redirect to Category:Mavis Beacon typing games. —tregoweth 21:58, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 14:01, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Category:Mavis Beacon typing games
Created by overzealous anon user; not particularly necessary. —tregoweth 21:58, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 13:56, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Category:Islamofascists
Note: This was incorrectly created on WP:VFD, so I moved it to the correct location.
 * Delete: I understand the desire for an entry on Islamofascism, but creating a category is absurd.  It makes the category seem like a NPOV label, when it is much more of an insult or epithet.  It would be like having a category for Islamophobes and including Robert Spencer, or having a category of Phony Texan Warmongers and including George W. Bush.--csloat 19:59, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Completely POV category. Jayjg (talk)  20:27, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. SlimVirgin (talk) 20:31, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * You have a right to vote here, but not to unilaterally blank the category without waiting for a result. Stop it. LevelCheck 20:44, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It would be rather POV and inappropriate to assign people to an epithet. -- M P er el ( talk 00:00, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. --Viriditas | Talk 00:12, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and please don't give LevelCheck any more suggestions--that phony warmongers category was created today (I speedied it as vandalism). Meelar (talk) 03:37, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; inherently POV category. Antandrus 03:39, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Serves no purpose but to provide a POV label. Soon we'll have Category: Major Jerkfaces. Mr. Billion 05:36, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, who "made up" this "word"? IZAK 05:33, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 13:56, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Category:Islamophobes
Inherently POV. Might as well have categories for "Racists", "Bigots", "Anti-Semites", etc. Also, apparently created as a WP:POINT (see above). Jayjg (talk) 20:18, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Jayjg (talk) 20:28, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I created both categories in the interest of evenhandedness. LevelCheck 20:29, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This was created as some kind of joke by LevelCheck after I complained about Islamofascists.--csloat 20:30, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agree, it's inherently POV. SlimVirgin (talk) 20:31, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for reasons stated above. --Briangotts 20:36, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It would be rather POV and inappropriate to assign people to an epithet. -- M P er el ( talk 00:00, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this misleading fake-"word". IZAK 05:35, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus (keep) --Kbdank71 16:26, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Category:Massachusetts rivers
Rename to Category:Rivers of Massachusetts Burgundavia 16:42, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * See Categories for deletion/Log/2005 April 14 for discussion on moving other US rivers to "Rivers of Foo" format. --Kbdank71 18:00, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree, as before. --Kbdank71 18:00, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose, as before. RedWolf 03:31, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 14:50, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Category:Insurance companies of the People's Republic of China
I just discovered looking at Requests_for_arbitration/Instantnood%2C_et_al. that this category was renamed as per "consensus". I am arguing that the previous CfR vote was not consensus. See Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Category:Insurance companies of the People's Republic of China. There were three "renames", two "opposes", one "neutral" (myself) and one user (User:Kbdank71) who said he would have opposed "but it seems the change has already been made" as User:Instantnood appears to have moved it two days before the vote was actually "resolved" from CfD. --JuntungWu 14:46, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: For your information, it was listed at #To be emptied or moved.   — Instantnood 18:49, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * I vote to do nothing until the Arbitration case is over. --Kbdank71 20:00, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Is this a call for a revote? Btw, I do not understand what Instantnood is trying to imply in his comment above.--Huaiwei 20:19, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Category:Insurance companies of mainland China is currently empty, and as a matter of fact it was depopulated. PICC was moved to category:Companies of the People's Republic of China. — Instantnood 22:11, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * That is beyond the scope of this page. Right now, I am more concerned as to why this move was efected against set procedures here, as pointed out above? Who did the category move? Was this move authorised?--Huaiwei 22:25, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Both of them, there aren't enough notable insurance companies in China to complete a category. "... of the People's Republic of China" would be correct if there needs to be one. And yes, this was an instance where Instantnood created the category without concensus and before voting was over.  I also would have opposed to begin with and added that to the closed vote, where Instantnood deleted my comment. SchmuckyTheCat 23:07, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Strictly speaking, I can write twenty articles about twenty insurance companies in China, but let's not get into that. --JuntungWu 05:32, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Is this for real? Delete. Radiant_* 09:12, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Looking over what happened, it appears that Instantnood was in the clear on this one. There were four votes to rename vs two to oppose.  That's a consensus.  The change was made well after the required seven days.  However, that doesn't solve anything, as Insurance companies of the PRC is just a redirect to Insurance companies of mainland china, and that's empty.  As such, I'll vote to delete both of them. If JuntungWu wants to write some articles, we can always recreate the categories.  --Kbdank71 20:22, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 16:14, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Category:Office applications suites
Renamed to Category:Office suites: avoid the problem of "applications suite" and "application suite" (add a "s" to application or not). --minghong 10:30, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This sounds like furniture. Can a better name be found? JuntungWu 14:47, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Not really. At least Google agrees with me . --minghong 19:51, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * How about "Business software applications"? "Office" to me sounds too much like "MS Office".  --Kbdank71 15:41, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Take a look of the office suite article. There are several alternative names, but those are not commonly used. --minghong 19:51, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 16:26, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Category:Empathogens and Category:Entactogens
Were combined into Category:Entactogens and Empathogens as they are two words used to denote the same thing and neither one is dominant in usage. --Heah 07:26, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 14:01, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Category:Wikipedia think tank
Should be Category:Wikipedia policy thinktank. -- Beland 03:26, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree. --Kbdank71 14:06, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep --Kbdank71 13:56, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Category:Grammar or Category:Syntax
These two terms mean the same thing when you're talking about natural languages. Machine languages are covered under Category:Formal languages. So let's merge the two categories; pick your favorite name. -- Beland 02:46, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep both. No, they don't mean the same thing, but syntax is a subset of grammar, and Category:Syntax should be a subcategory of Category:Grammar. Uppland 06:31, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * What would be the scope of syntax vs. the scope of grammar, then? -- Beland 20:37, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * As you can see from the article on Grammar here on Wikipedia, grammar is a wider concept, consisting of syntax as one of its constituent parts and at least morphology as another, usually with phonology and other stuff in addition (it depends on which grammar book you are looking at). I don't really know why the article claims that "traditional grammars" only include morphology and syntax; it should define what it means by a "traditional grammar". The word originally (to the ancient Greeks) had an even wider meaning, meaning language and literature studies in general. You could certainly, if a merge is really necessary, include all the syntax stuff in the grammar category, but not the other way around - the words are not interchangeable. It seems that a lot of linguistics articles on Wikipedia are as yet underdeveloped, and it seems likely that the syntax category will be needed at some time in the future even if it would get merged now. -- Uppland 21:15, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Grammar. --Kbdank71 14:06, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep both, possibly with syntax a subcat of grammar. As I understand it, syntax is that part of grammar that deals with word order. Kappa 00:29, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Syntax should be subcategory of grammar. Maurreen 17:27, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 13:56, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Category:Possible successors to Pope John Paul II
See Votes for deletion/Possible successors to Pope John Paul II. Andrewa 01:08, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Moot point now.  --Kbdank71 01:43, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for obvious reasons. --Azkar 03:11, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. All names in this category are preserved in List of papabili in the 2005 papal conclave. -- 8^D gab  04:09, 2005 Apr 22 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Log/2005 April 22


text:
Category:Newcastle upon Tyne

This category contains articles about things in the unitary authority of Newcastle upon Tyne. See also the category for the wider Tyne and Wear area.

title: Category:Newcastle upon Tyne


text: User talk:70.26.212.176

title: User talk:70.26.212.176


text:
Gregg Giuffria

Gregg Giuffria (born July 28, 1951) is an American rock musician and businessman. He was the keyboardist for AOR bands Angel, House of Lords, and Giuffria.

Career
Giuffria is originally from Gulfport, Mississippi, graduating from high school in 1969. A talented keyboardist, he played in several local bands including The Telstars and Flower Power (who released several singles on the Tune Kel label), he moved to the US East Coast where in late 1974 he formed Angel. After that band broke up in 1981, Giuffria put together his own band, Giuffria, with vocalist David Glen Eisley, guitarist Craig Goldy, bassist Chuck Wright, and drummer Alan Krigger, and achieved some success with their first eponymous album and first single "Call to the Heart," which made the Top 20 on the Billboard Hot 100. The band broke up after the commercial failure of their next album "Silk and Steel" in 1986.

Giuffria then put together the House of Lords with the help of Kiss' Gene Simmons and signed to Simmons' label. The first album, House of Lords, was released in 1988 and experienced a modest amount of commercial success with the single "I Wanna Be Loved". However, this success was not achieved as the band were unwilling to tour.

Gregg was also the Vice President of Business Development for Casino Data Systems. Lee Iacocca (former CEO Chrysler) and Alan Paulson (Chairman Gulfstream Aerospace) formed Full House Resorts, and appointed Gregg Giuffria President and COO from 1996 to 2000. He was also the founding owner of the Biloxi Hard Rock Hotel and Casino, along with partners Roy Anderson III and David Ross. Gregg now lives in Las Vegas.

With Angel

 * Angel (1975)
 * Helluva Band (1976)
 * On Earth as It Is in Heaven (1977)
 * White Hot (1978)
 * ''Sinful (1979)
 * Live Without a Net (1980)

With Giuffria

 * Giuffria (1984)
 * Gotcha! OST (1985)
 * Silk and Steel (1986)

With House of Lords

 * House of Lords (1988)
 * Sahara (1990)
 * Demons Down (1992)

title: Gregg Giuffria