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Kamo River

The Kamo River (鴨川) is located in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. The riverbanks are popular walking spots for residents and tourists. In summer, restaurants open balconies looking out to the river. There are walkways running alongside the river, and some stepping stones that cross the river. The water level of the river is usually relatively low; less than one meter in most places. During the rainy season, however, the walkways sometimes flood in their lower stretches.

It is known for the two Kamo Shrines on its course: Kamigamo Shrine and Shimogamo Shrine and the shared Chinju no Mori between them Tadasu-no-mori.

Geography
The Kamo River has its source in the mountains in the area of Mount Sajikigatake, around the boundary of Kumogahata village and Keihoku village in the northern ward of Kyoto. Flowing into the Kyoto Basin from the city area called Kamigamo in the same northern ward of the city, from there it bends south-east and, around the spot known as Demachi in the Kamigyō (or "Upper Kyoto" ward), joins with the Takano River which flows down from the northeastern direction, and there changes direction to due south through Kyoto's Nakagyō ("Central") ward. In the vicinity of the Shijō Bridge at Shijō Street in the center of downtown Kyoto, the Shirakawa River joins with it. At its southern part, the Horikawa River and West Takase River join with it, and at Shimomukōjima-cho in the Shimotoba part of Fushimi Ward of Kyoto City, it joins with the Katsura River, to become a tributary of the Yodo River.

There is a theory that in former times the main stream of the Kamo River was along the Horikawa river about 1 km north of Misono Bridge, and when the Heian Capital (now Kyoto) was established, the river was diverted to its present route. According to historian Herbert E. Plutschow, "To allow a river to flow through and thereby divide a capital would have symbolized potential disunity of the nation. One of the first tasks, therefore, in laying out the new capital was to divert the rivers. The Kamo River once flowed through what is now Horikawa Street and met the Takano River south of their present confluence. Thus, large-scale works were required to prepare the land for the capital. The city was laid with its northernmost boundary at the present confluence of the Kamo and Takano rivers (just south of today's Imadegawa Street)."

The riverbanks where the Kamo River and Takano River join are known as the Tadasu River Banks (Jp., Tadasu-gawara 糺河原). At the triangular area of land here, there is the "River Confluence" shrine of Shimogamo Shrine, which leads into the forested area, Tadasu-no-mori.

Onomastics
In Japanese the river is called Kamo-gawa, officially written using the kanji compound 鴨川. The first kanji means "wild duck" and is read kamo, and the second kanji means "river" and is read gawa. However, other kanji applied to this name are 賀茂川 or 加茂川. The first appearance in historical documents of the kanji 賀茂川 is in the Yamashiro no kuni fudoki (山城国風土記). In an entry dated the 19th day of the 6th month of 815 in the history Nihonkiryaku (日本記略), it is referred to as 鴨川. Now, the river north of where it joins with the Takano River is usually distinguished as the 加茂川 when written in kanji, and the river south of there is distinguished as the 鴨川.

The geographical area called Kamigamo, around the mouth of the valley leading into the Kyoto Basin, became the home grounds of the Kamo (賀茂) clan in ancient times. From this, there arose the regional name Otagi Region Kamo Block (愛宕郡賀茂郷), and consequently the geographical name Kamo (賀茂) set down roots. The river name took after this geographical name.

From the Deai Bridge until the Iwaya Bridge north of Kyoto city it is called Kumogahatagawa (雲が畑川) as it passes through the Kumogahata village. North of the Iwaya Bridge until its source the Kamo River is known as Ojitanigawa (祖父谷川).

History
When the palace at the new Heian Capital (now Kyoto) was constructed at the end of the 8th century, the river's course was altered to flow east of the palace.

Floods often threatened the ancient capital. Emperor Shirakawa recited his three unmanageable things: Sōhei (armed monks of Enryaku-ji), dice, and the water of the Kamo River. These days, however, the riverbanks are reinforced with concrete and have improved drainage systems. The merchant Suminokura Ryōi constructed the Takase River on a parallel with the Kamo River in early 17th century. Transportation was done on the canal instead of the unstable mainstream.

The encounter between Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Benkei at Gojō Bridge (not the present one, but presumably Matsubara Bridge) over the river is a famous legend set in the late Heian period. Sanjō Bridge was regarded as the west end of the Tōkaidō during the Edo period. In the past, the river was a crucial source of relatively pure drinking water for Kyoto residents. It also played a role in Kyo-Yuzen dyeing, a famous craft of Kyoto.

The river is also the source of the stone that is a glaze ingredient used in traditional Japanese raku pottery.

The Kamo River is also the birthplace of Kabuki. In 1603 Izumo no Okuni formed a troupe of female dancers and began performing on a makeshift stage, on the dry bed of the river.

title: Kamo River


text:
Talk:Luz Long

Birth date
His birth date is obviously not 1930. Will someone please correct this?

 * I've corrected it to read only his year of death. I'll look up the date of birth (and hopefully exact date of death) in a print encyclopedia when I have the chance. I would also like to know exactly when he was given the Pierre de Coubertin medal. --Deathphoenix 16:22, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

Lutz Long is not in the Encyclopedia Britannica (at least, not in my old copy), but I finally found the year of his birth in the following German web page regarding the 1936 Olympics: http://www.hdg.de/lemo/html/nazi/olymp/ (do a search for "Lutz Long"). --Deathphoenix 17:44, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Nickname
The right name is Luz Long as a nickname from the German name of Ludwig. He was never called Lutz, so move the article to Luz Long -- Hunding 23:41, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

 * 'Lutz' is more common for 'Ludwig' than 'Luz'. :/ number29  04:43, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

Kilates or carats (karats)
Please don't change the quotation from "It took a lot of courage for him to befriend me in front of Hitler... You can melt down all the medals and cups I have and they wouldn't be a plating on the twenty-four kilates friendship that I felt for Lutz Long at that moment." to "It took a lot of courage for him to befriend me in front of Hitler... You can melt down all the medals and cups I have and they wouldn't be a plating on the twenty-four carats friendship that I felt for Lutz Long at that moment."

Jesse Owens actually used the word "kilates". The wikilink to carat (purity) should make clear the meaning of the word "kilates". We shouldn't change historical quotations just because the reader might not know what it means unless we use a parenthetical statement, which is unnecessary given the existence of the wikilink to carat (purity). --Deathphoenix ʕ 20:13, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

 * If you can provide a verifiable and credible source for the "kilates" quote then I would agree. At present the reference for the quote says "karat", not kilates.  If someone can track down Owens' original statement (written or oral, with date) and provide the source and circumstances then we can clear this up. Red Harvest (talk) 17:07, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

 * The link given in your revert is not to anything that provides real context or explanation. For all I can tell it could be a circular reference to wiki since it is just another form of online user entered encylopedia.  The vast majority of other sources say "carat" or "karat."  So far nothing authoritative has been produced to explain the "kilates" claim.  If you are certain about this, then please explain why by providing some source that clears it up.  As best I can tell "kilates" is a corruption of a spanish or portugese spelling of "quilates".  Did he actually say "quilates"?  So far no evidence has been provided that he did.  Who provided the original quote?  Was it a journalist from Spain or Portugal, etc?  If so, was it a literal translation or an imperfect translation back into english?  Unless Owens wrote "kilates" then it appears to be a typographical error at best.  If what he actually said is "quilates" then it should be spelled properly and italicized (as a foreign word.) Carats or karats should remain until there is sufficient reason to believe they are incorrect.  So far that hasn't been provided. Red Harvest (talk) 05:24, 5 March 2008 (UTC)
 * My actual recollection of Jesse's original quotation is based on a coffee-table book written in the 90s (after the '92 Olympics) about Olympians, and "kilates" was the term used in that book, and the term actually used by Owens. It's annoying that we have this revisionist history, but as you've explained, the BBC reference is actually user-edited, a fact of which I wasn't aware. Since most online sources use the wording modified for modern times, I guess I'll just have to leave this revisionist quotation in until I find that book again and provide a citation based on that book. --Deathphoenix ʕ 14:59, 5 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Hmmm... I think I found the title of the book, but on further recollection, that book was where I first found out about the alleged advice that Long gave Owens, rather than Jesse's "24-kilates friendship" quotation. Given that I added that quotation myself on 20 May 2005 without having the book in front of me, and this quotation includes the kilates wording. I believe I must have gotten this quotation from this version of Pierre de Coubertin medal, last edited 14 December 2004. This quotation was first added here. It's too bad Joseph Dwayne hasn't edited since 8 May 2006... --Deathphoenix ʕ 15:21, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I hope we can eventually find the original Owens quotation--wherever and whenever it was made so that we can preserve that in this article along with an explanation. It appears in the meantime that karats is the historical consensus.  Carats refers to weight rather than purity...and with 24 preceding it the correct description would be karat, even though the sentence makes reference to overall mass.  So this is a sort of mixed metaphor or double-entendre--probably unintentional.  I had never even considered that the carat and karat had different definitions until I tried to research this quote.  For what its worth the use of "quilates" by an American in Europe at the time would not surprise me, nor would a mistranslation by Spanish/Portugese press or others re-translating back into English. Red Harvest (talk) 19:07, 5 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I hope we can find it too... I agree that it would seem to be a historically possible use of the term kilates (or quilates). --Deathphoenix ʕ 21:20, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

Birth date again
I don't understand, how could he be 19 in 1934 if he was born in 1913? It don' add up ... :)) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.114.189.23 (talk) 18:55, 25 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Age was wrong, birth date is correct. I fixed age and added a citation for birthdate.  ++Arx Fortis (talk) 19:07, 25 August 2008 (UTC)

Date and place of death
I have corrected the date of his death, he was killed in combat on 14 July; the date can be seen on the photograph of the war cemetery. The detailed circumstances of Luz Long's death can be found in the book "Uccidi Gli Italiani" on pp. 174 - 180, citing a testimony. Js1965 (talk) 19:01, 24 March 2013 (UTC)

Could this man have been killed in the Biscari Massacre that took place in Biscari on 14 July 1943? Wiki: "Following the capture of the Biscari airfield on 14 July 1943, troops of the 180th Infantry killed 71 Italian and two German POWs in two separate incidents. In the first incident, 36 Italians died, while the second killing involved 35 Italians and two Germans.[3][4]" ^ Weingartner (November 1989), pp. 24-39. ^ Robbins (2000), pp274-6. Robbins, Christopher (2000). Test of Courage: The Michel Thomas Story. New York: Simon &  Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-0263-3. Weingartner, James (November 1989). "Massacre at Biscari: Patton and An American War Crime". The Historian LII (1): 24–39. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.206.242.193 (talk) 15:44, 9 August 2013 (UTC)

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Technical advice?
Intro says Long gave Owens advice; later in the article, it says this was false. Please clarify!

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Luz Long