text:
Government Engineering College, Thrissur

The Government Engineering College Thrissur (GEC-T) is a public engineering and research institute located in Thrissur, Kerala, India. During its establishment in 1957, it was the second-oldest public engineering institute to be established in the state of Kerala after CET (1939) and the first public institute of technology to be established after the formation of the state in 1956. The institute is affiliated to the APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University (KTU) since its inception in 2015.

History
The institute was originally located at the Chembukkavu campus of the Maharaja's Technological Institute in 1957. The foundation stone of the institute was laid by the late Pandit Jawarharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, on 26 April 1958. The institute was shifted into its present campus in October 1960. The institute was formally inaugurated by late Pattom A. Thanu Pillai, former Chief Minister of Kerala, on 2 February 1962. The campus is spread over an area of 75 acre and is located at Ramavarmapuram which is 5 km from the centre of Thrissur and 6 km from Thrissur Railway station.

Besides the regular B-Tech courses, the institute also offers a postgraduate Course in Computer Applications (MCA), and postgraduate programmes in other subjects. Courses offered by the institute have been accredited by the National Board of Accreditation, AICTE, and Council of Architecture (B.Arch).

Rankings
The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked it 156 among the engineering institutes of India in 2021.

Student life
The College Union conducts the annual National Level Tech fest Dyuthi which includes technical, cultural as well as sporting events.

A TEDx event was organised by students of GEC, Thrissur in April 2018. The theme of the event was "Reality Check". This was the first TEDx event in Central Kerala.

Notable alumni

 * K. Radhakrishnan, Padmabhushan, Former Chairman, Indian Space Research Organisation
 * Tessy Thomas, Head of Missile program Defence Research and Development Organisation
 * M. Chandra Dathan, Padmashree, Former Director, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC)
 * Babu Bharadwaj, writer and journalist
 * T. G. Ravi, Malayalam film actor and MD of Suntec Tyres
 * Anand Neelakantan, writer
 * Sreekumaran Thampi, Lyricist, director, producer, screenwriter


text: Category:Education in South Yorkshire

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Education in South Yorkshire


text:
Park Square Bridge

Park Square Bridge, also known as the Supertram Bridge, is a prominent bridge in the City of Sheffield, England. It was constructed in 1993 using a bowstring, or tied arch design. The bridge carries the Sheffield Supertram system from Commercial Street onto the Park Square roundabout.

title: Park Square Bridge


text: Category:Sport in South Yorkshire

title: Category:Sport in South Yorkshire


text:
Organic organisation

A term created by Tom Burns and G.M. Stalker in the late 1950s, organic organizations (Organic system theory), unlike mechanistic organizations (also coined by Burns and Stalker), are flexible and value external knowledge. The theories of Burns and Stalker impacted the field of organization theory, with their study of management and structure of Scottish electronics firms. In their writing contrasting mechanistic and organismic structures, they outlined the differences between the two types.

Also called organismic organization, this form of organizational structure was widely sought and proposed, but difficult to prove it exists. As opposed to the mechanistic organization, it has the least hierarchy and specialization of functions. For an organization to be organic, the participants or workers should have equal levels, with no job descriptions or classifications, and communication should have a hub-network-like form. Organic organisation thrives on the power of personalities and relationships, lack of rigid procedures and communication, and can react quickly and easily to changes in the environment, thus it is said to be the most adaptive form of organization. Decisions arise from the needs felt by individuals in the group, who propose changes to the group, either by discussion or by changing behavior or operations without discussion. The rest of the individuals in the group adapt to the changes as they need to. The weakness of the model is that it requires co-operation and constant adjustment from all the members.

An organic organization is a fluid and flexible network of multi-talented individuals who perform a variety of tasks, as per the definition of D. A. Morand.

Organic Organization Leads to Teamwork
An organic organization exists dependently, meaning that the organization takes into consideration the needs of their employees, leading to group leadership and teamwork. The advantage of group leadership is that controlling the environment is shared by several people, instead of one person telling everyone what is expected. Organic organizations take into consideration the ideas of the employees, opening the doors to teamwork among employees, instead of competition or a feeling of powerlessness. The use of Organic Organizations is thought to provide incentive to employees to co-operate and perform to the best of their abilities.

Burns and Stalker theorized that companies facing a changing environment may have to use an organic organizational structure in order to quickly adapt to changes. These companies have a de-centralized decision making structure to facilitate quickly adapting to changes in the market place. Companies operating in a stable environment would benefit from maintaining a mechanistic organizational structure, where policies are made that stay the same for a long period of time, decision making is centralized around a few people and tasks remain the same.

Christianity has been influenced by the organic organisation movement, rejecting hierarchy, ritual and even church owned real estate. House churches and simple churches have sprung up often influenced by Neil Cole, Frank Viola and George Barna.

title: Organic organisation


text:
User:PatVanHove

I am a biologist and a photographer with wide interests. I presently work with GreenFacts as a science editor.

Interests

 * Science in general, and it's place in our world.
 * Biology, more specifically molecular ecology, the origins of life, extremophiles and astrobiology.
 * Science communication and teaching, because I consider that science can benefit from communication between disciplines and to non-specialists.
 * Photography, mainly large format and ultra large format photography and alternative processes.
 * Living history, mainly through historical fencing.
 * Architecture, I am presently very interested in the Art Nouveau mouvement of the turn of the last century, and of which Brussels, where I now live, is one of the focal points.
 * Literature, mostly science fiction but also both american and european comic books.

--PatVanHove 11:11, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Which articles I'm trying to work on

 * Microbial ecology
 * Chloroplast
 * Molecular ecology
 * Folding camera
 * Field camera
 * Monorail camera
 * Ultra Large Format

title: User:PatVanHove


text:
Lea Valley lines

The Lea Valley lines are two commuter lines and two branches in north-east London, so named because they run along the Lower Lea Valley of the River Lea. They were part of the Great Eastern Railway, now part of the Anglia Route of Network Rail.

On 31 May 2015, services between London Liverpool Street to Chingford, Cheshunt and Enfield Town were transferred to London Overground; services from London Liverpool Street and Stratford via Tottenham Hale to Hertford East and Bishops Stortford remain with Greater Anglia. Services operated by London Overground are now fully operated by new-built Class 710 rolling stock, replacing older Class 315 and Class 317 stock inherited from Greater Anglia.

History
The first section was opened by the Eastern Counties Railway (ECR) on 20 June 1839 from the London end at Devonshire Street to Romford, extended on 1 July 1840 to Bishopsgate (London end) and Brentwood. The Northern and Eastern Railway (N&ER) opened its first section from that line at Stratford to Broxbourne on 15 September 1840, and to Harlow in 1841; though it remained a separate entity, its line was leased to the ECR from 1 January 1844. A branch from Broxbourne to Hertford opened in 1843.

Enfield was reached on 1 March 1849 by the single-track Enfield Town branch from the N&ER at Angel Road via Lower Edmonton. The ECR was incorporated into the Great Eastern Railway (GER) in 1862. A shorter route to Edmonton was provided by the GER in 1872, from Bethnal Green via Hackney Downs and Stoke Newington, which opened on 27 May; the section via Seven Sisters and Lower Edmonton, at a new high-level station provided adjacent to the old low-level station, opened on 22 July. The line from there to Enfield was doubled at the same time. The old line between Angel Road and Lower Edmonton was closed to passenger trains in 1939, except for occasional diversionary traffic including the period in the 1950s when the rest of the local network was being electrified under the Eastern Region; the line closed completely in 1964 and the track was removed soon after.

Another branch, the Chingford branch line, went from Lea Bridge to Walthamstow, Shern Hall Street, in 1870, extended southwards to Hackney Downs in 1872 and northwards to Chingford in 1873.

The final section linked Lower Edmonton on the Enfield branch via Churchbury (later Southbury) with the Broxbourne line at Cheshunt, opening on 1 October 1891; it was known as the Churchbury loop until the renaming of that station in 1960, then the Southbury loop.

A station was proposed near Clapton called Queens Road but never opened.

Electrification of the lines via Seven Sisters to Hertford East, Enfield Town and Bishops Stortford, plus the Chingford branch, were completed in 1960. The line via Tottenham Hale was not electrified until 1969, using Class 125 diesel multiple units between 1958 and 1969.

Renaming
In July 2023, TFL announced that it would be giving each of the six Overground services unique names by the end of the following year. In February 2024, it was confirmed that the Lea Valley section would be named the Weaver line (to honour the weaving and textile industry in locations the line serves) and would be coloured maroon on the updated network map.

Route and services
All express services start at either London Liverpool Street or Stratford and are operated by Abellio Greater Anglia as part of the Greater Anglia franchise. Suburban services operating on the Southbury Loop terminating at Cheshunt, on the Enfield Town branch and on Chingford branch are operated by London Overground. Services operating via the Southbury Loop that continue beyond Cheshunt, as well as on the line via Tottenham Hale, including services originating at Stratford, are operated by Greater Anglia. The routes are:

 * Southbury Loop (or Cheshunt Branch): London Liverpool Street – Cheshunt via Seven Sisters, Edmonton Green and Turkey Street, along the West Anglia Main Line to Hackney Downs Junction, rejoining it at Cheshunt Junction.
 * Chingford Branch: London Liverpool Street – Chingford via Walthamstow Central, Wood Street and Highams Park, along the West Anglia Main Line to Clapton Junction.
 * Enfield Town Branch: London Liverpool Street – Enfield Town via Seven Sisters, Edmonton Green and Bush Hill Park, along the West Anglia Main Line to Hackney Downs and the Southbury Loop to Edmonton Green and Edmonton Green Junction.
 * Hertford East Branch: London Liverpool Street – Hertford East via Tottenham Hale, Broxbourne and Ware, along the West Anglia Main Line to Broxbourne and Rye House Junction, then the Hertford East branch line.
 * Temple Mills Branch: Stratford – Tottenham Hale via Lea Bridge railway station, diverging from the Great Eastern Main Line and the North London Line at Temple Mills East Junction, joining the West Anglia Main Line at Coppermill Junction.

Until 1968 the Hall Farm Curve allowed trains from Stratford to Chingford. It may be reconstructed.

The lines were historically part of the Network Rail Strategic Route 5, SRS 05.02, 05.04 and part of 05.01. This was classified as a London and South East Commuter line.

A number of services to/from Liverpool Street/Enfield Town start or terminate in different places on special occasions. When Tottenham Hotspur F.C. are playing at home, additional trains run, some starting/terminating from White Hart Lane or Seven Sisters.

The lines are double track for most of its length, however between Hackney Downs and Liverpool Street it is multitrack – the suburban lines for trains stopping at Bethnal Green, Cambridge Heath and London Fields and the Main Lines for non-stop West Anglia/Stansted Express services. It is electrified at 25 kV AC using overhead line equipment and has a line speed of 40-75 mph except between Cheshunt and Coppermill junction where it is 60-85 mph. Different sections have different loading gauges. Most is W8, with the branches to Enfield Town and Chingford being W6 and the branch to Stratford W9.

Future developments
The Tottenham Hale–West Anglian route is planned to become part of Crossrail 2 to Cheshunt, Broxbourne and Hertford East.

title: Lea Valley lines


text: Category:Transport in South Yorkshire

title: Category:Transport in South Yorkshire


text:
Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern

Princess Louise Maximiliane Caroline Emanuel of Stolberg-Gedern (20 September 1752 – 29 January 1824) was the wife of Charles Edward Stuart, the Jacobite claimant to the English and Scottish thrones. The unhappy marriage led her to request from the pope a decree of separation, which she was granted. During her years in Paris and Florence, she established famous salons where important artists and intellectuals of the day were invited to gather. She is commonly called the Countess of Albany.

Early life
Louise was born in Mons, Hainaut, in the Austrian Netherlands (now Belgium). She was the eldest daughter of Prince Gustav Adolf of Stolberg-Gedern and his wife, Princess Elisabeth of Hornes, the younger daughter of Maximilian, Prince of Hornes. She had three sisters. When she was only four years old, her father was killed at the Battle of Leuthen. His death left the family in much reduced financial circumstances.

When she was seven, she was sent to be educated at the school attached to the convent of St. Waudru in Mons. The mission of this convent was to provide a home for young ladies of the nobility who had insufficient financial means to live unmarried in the world. During her youth, she was said to be able to play guitar, sing and dance well and to enjoy reading French novels. However, she was said to be anxious to escape the convent because it was not a loving environment. In 1766, the Empress Maria Theresa arranged for the convent to give to Louise one of its endowed prebends. Although technically Louise was a secular canoness (a type of religious life with no vows), she was not a nun so she was not required to stay in the convent cloister and was not bound for life as other types of nuns. Indeed, for most of the canonesses, the acceptance of a prebend was merely a temporary stage until they found appropriate noble husbands. As such, Louise was still allowed to travel in society, with the ability to marry.

Marriage
In 1771, Louise's younger sister (also a canoness at St. Waudru) married Don Carlos, Earl of Tinmouth, only son of the 3rd Duke of Berwick (great-grandson of King James II of England and VII of Scotland). Louise was said to be exceedingly attractive. With a need to find a bride for Charles Edward Stuart, the Jacobite claimant to the English and Scottish thrones, the Duke of Berwick's uncle, the Duke of Fitz-James, began negotiations with Louise's mother for a marriage between Louise and Charles. Part of this desire for Charles to marry stemmed from King Louis XV of France who recognised the succession of the House of Hanover, he also hoped that the legitimate Stuart line would not die out and would be an ongoing threat to the Hanoverians.

The negotiations were delicate, since Louise's family had little money of their own and relied totally on the goodwill of the Empress Maria Theresa, who provided financial care for the family. On 28 March 1772, Louise was married by proxy to Charles Edward in Paris. The couple met for the first time on 14 April 1772, when they renewed their marriage vows in person in the town of Macerata, Italy. Louise was henceforward recognised by Jacobites as Queen of England, Scotland, France and Ireland. The marriage was reported to have been consummated. Shortly afterwards, the couple travelled to Rome as a party in four State coaches, arriving at the Palazzo Muti on 22 April 1772. The Muti would be her home until she separated from her husband a few years later. On 25 April, Charles presented Louise with wedding gifts for his new bride, said to compose of 40,000 crowns and a gold box, set with diamonds.

Charles and Louise spent the first two years of their married life in Rome. While they were not formally received by the Vatican as "King and Queen of England", they were popular in Roman society. They regularly attended operas, concerts and receptions together. On account of her beauty, popular society gave her the nickname the "Queen of Hearts". In spite of the difference in their ages (he was 52, while she was 20), the couple were at first happy together, but there were several shadows on the relationship. There was no sign of Louise conceiving a child and Charles began drinking heavily. Charles had been encouraged in the belief that, if he married, the pope would recognise him as King of England and Scotland, and France might provide funds for another Jacobite rising. Louise had virtually been promised that she would be treated as a queen. Instead, Charles found his hopes both of a son and of diplomatic recognition disappointed, while Louise found herself married to an old prince with no prospects.

Charles and Louise left Rome in August 1774. They briefly resided at a villa between Parma and Piza, before moving to Florence a few months later. Here they used the title of "Count and Countess of Albany" to avoid difficulties the Italian nobility had with addressing them as "King and Queen of Great Britain". They stayed as guests of Prince Corsini until Charles bought the Palazzo di San Clemente in 1777. It was said that Louise did not enjoy her time in Florence.

Count Vittorio Alfieri
Count Vittorio Alfieri was born into a wealthy aristocratic family in Asti, now in Piedmont, in 1749. After several affairs with married women, he decided to devote himself to the writing of poetry and tragedies for the theatre. In 1776, during a stay in Florence, he came across Louise and was much taken by her. He did not follow up at this stage, but contented himself with admiring her from a distance. He left Florence to concentrate on study and furthering his literary ambitions. He returned to Florence in 1777 and this time sought an introduction to Louise. He fell in love with her and now determined to split her from Charles. He became a frequent visitor to the Palazzo di San Clemente and was welcomed unsuspectingly by Charles. There is no evidence of when Louise and Alfieri became lovers, but it was probably in 1778 when Alfieri penned her amorous sonnets, including one inviting her to elope with him.

Meanwhile, Louise's husband Charles had become a drunkard again, as he had been a number of years before. In December 1780, Louise left Charles and took refuge in a convent. She claimed, and it is widely believed to be true, that Charles had become physically abusive to her. The key event is said to be when Charles had been drinking following Saint Andrew's Day celebrations, and after accusing Louise of infidelities, may have attempted to rape her, resulting in her screaming to the extent that the household servants intervened. Louise received the support of the Grand Duchess of Tuscany, the pope, and her brother-in-law the Cardinal Duke of York, all of whom may have been unaware of Louise's ongoing adulterous relationship with Alfieri.

Charles and Louise left Florence in 1777 and returned to Rome. She lived briefly at the Ursuline Convent before moving to her brother-in-law's official residence, the Palazzo della Cancelleria. Alfieri followed Louise to Rome, where for two years they carried on their affair in secret. In April 1783, the Cardinal Duke of York finally discovered the truth. In early May, Alfieri left Rome and Louise, in order to avoid being expelled by force. In November 1780, Louise formally left Charles, moving first to a convent and then eventually her brother-in-laws estate.

In April 1784, Charles was induced by King Gustav III of Sweden to grant Louise a decree of separation. The couple did not divorce, since no such legal procedure existed in the Papal States, but Louise was thereby legally permitted to live separately from her husband, even though she had been doing so for time. The pope agreed also that Louise should receive half of Charles's pension.

In June 1784, Louise left Rome, purportedly to summer at the baths of Baden. In August, she was reunited with Alfieri at Colmar. They spent the next two months together at the castle of Martinsburg. In order to continue to keep their meeting secret from the Cardinal-Duke of York (who was the chief source of Louise's income), they separated again, and Louise spent the winter of 1784/1785 in Bologna. She summered in Paris before returning to Martinsburg, where she was joined again by Alfieri in September. After two months, Louise returned to Paris.

In 1786, the Cardinal-Duke of York learnt of the continued, ongoing relationship between Louise and Alfieri which he thought had ended. This caused a complete rupture between Louise and her brother-in-law. Henceforth, she made no attempt to hide her relationship with Alfieri. From December 1786 onwards, they lived together as a couple, with only occasional and brief separations.

On the last day of January 1788, Louise's husband Charles died. This resulted in a substantial improvement in her financial situation, thanks to a previously agreed pension from the King of France. Although Louise now had the freedom to marry Alfieri, they did not regularise their relationship, since Alfieri had always opposed the institution of marriage. They lived at first together in Paris. There, Louise established a famous salon in her home, to which the most important writers, artists, and intellectuals were invited. They remained in France during the early stages of the French Revolution in 1789, but then proceeded to England for safety. While in England, she was received by the Royal Family but under the title "Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern". Alfieri and her explored London and toured the West Country of England before returning again to France. However, the political situation had worsened for them in France. In 1792, the 10th of August insurrection encouraged them to flee from Paris, only two days before the republican authorities went to their home to arrest them. They escaped first to Germany and then made their way to Florence.

Louise and Alfieri then chose to settle in Florence. In 1793, Alfieri purchased Palazzo Gianfigliazzi, a mansion overlooking the River Arno. Here, Louise re-established her famous salon, although perhaps on a somewhat smaller scale than in Paris. Louise continued to live with Alfieri until his death in 1803.

Later life
After Alfieri's death, Louise's companion was the artist François Xavier Fabre. It seems unlikely that their relationship was a romantic one. Louise continued to live in Florence until 1809, when she was summoned to Paris by Napoleon during France's war with Britain. He asked if she had ever given birth to Charles Edward's child, hoping to find a legal heir who could then be used to cause insurrection in Britain. When she replied "no", the meeting was abruptly terminated. A year later, she was allowed to return to Florence.

Louise died on 29 January 1824. She is buried in the Basilica di Santa Croce in Florence (in the Castellani Chapel); Alfieri is also buried in the basilica (between the tombs of Machiavelli and Michelangelo).

title: Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern


text:
Waverley Root

Waverley Lewis Root (April 15, 1903 – October 31, 1982) was an American journalist and writer. Root became known as an authority on food with the publication of The Food of France in 1958, "which has never been out of print." Among many other works, he also authored the classic The Food of Italy.

Early life and education
Root was born in Providence, Rhode Island, and raised in Fall River, Massachusetts. He obtained his degree from Tufts College in Medford, Mass.

Career
Root was a news correspondent for over 30 years; in 1969 he retired from daily journalism. He was the Paris correspondent for the Chicago Tribune and then The Washington Post. He was also a columnist for the International Herald Tribune.

His books and writings focused on food, and yet mingled culinary details of the regions he wrote about with historic facts, and literary references.

After graduating from college, he moved to Greenwich Village, New York City.

Writings
Waverley Root became widely known for his writings on food, including:
 * The Food of France (1958)
 * The Cooking of Italy (1968)
 * Paris Dining Guide (1969)
 * The Food of Italy (1971)
 * Eating in America: A History (1976) – with Richard De Rochemont
 * Food, an Authoritative and Visual History and Dictionary of the Foods of the World (1980)

Among his other books are the following:
 * The Truth about Wagner (1928)
 * The Secret History of the War (1946)
 * Winter Sports in Europe (1956)
 * The Paris Edition: The Autobiography of Waverley Root, 1927-1934 (1987)''

Family
At the time of his death, Root was married to Colette Root. He had a daughter, from his third marriage.

Death
Root died in his sleep at the age of 79. The cause of his death was a pulmonary ailment.

title: Waverley Root


text:
Éamonn Lawlor

Éamonn Lawlor (born 1951) is an Irish radio broadcaster on RTÉ lyric fm.

Éamonn Lawlor was born in Delvin, County Westmeath. He was educated at Rockwell College, Cashel, and University College Dublin where he received a Master of Arts in Modern English and American Literature. Lawlor is one of Ireland's leading current affairs broadcasters. He was RTÉ News and Current Affairs's Europe Correspondent from 1979 to 1989. He became the second male presenter of RTÉ News: Six One, from 1992 to 1996. He then joined Brian Farrell and Miriam O'Callaghan as one of the co-presenters of the current affairs programme Prime Time on RTÉ One.

In May 1999 Lawlor left the current affairs department of RTÉ and joined RTÉ lyric fm. He currently presents The Lyric Concert every weekday nights. Lawlor is also a visiting lecturer at the International Academy of Broadcasting in Montreux, Switzerland.

title: Éamonn Lawlor


text:
Niitsuki Station

Niitsuki Station (新月駅) is a railway station located in the city of Ichinoseki, Iwate Prefecture, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

History
Niitsuki Station opened on July 31, 1929. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of the Japan National Railways (JNR) on April 1, 1987.

Lines
The station is served by the Ōfunato Line, and is located 55.3 rail kilometers from the terminus of the line at Ichinoseki Station.

Station layout
Niitsuki Station has one ground-level side platform serving a single bi-directional track. The station is unattended.

Surrounding area

 * ]
 * Iwate-Miyagi prefectural border

title: Niitsuki Station


text:
Talk:British Far East Command

Untitled
Taken from Far East Command for itergration into this page. Philip Baird Shearer 11:23, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Far East Command is a military regional division of the British military. It was also a historical command of the United States military, one of that country's first joint commands. This article focuses on the British unit.

The region covered China, Hong Kong, Kobe and Singapore. Major bases included Hong Kong (HMS Tamar) and Singapore. Established in 1943 with the United States, it was disbanded in 1971 and taken over by ANZAC Forces.

With the return of Hong Kong to Chinese rule in 1997, the British presences is more limited when compared to the American influence in the region.

Headquarters
South-East Asia Command
 * Ceylon 1943-44
 * India 1944-1946

South East Asia Land Forces
 * Singapore 1947-1963

Far East Command
 * Singapore 1963-1971

Units

 * Eastern Fleet 1943-
 * Eleventh Army Group: Ceylon Command and 14th Army 1943-1944
 * Allied Land Forces South East Asia (ALFSEA) 1944-1947
 * Malaya Command and Hong Kong
 * British Gurkhas 1963-1971
 * Far East Land Forces (British) and Australian Army Force (air and naval elements)

Commanders
1943.10.04 Adm. The Rt Hon Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, KG, PC, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, DSO, KJStJ 1946.06 Lt-Gen. Sir Montagu George North Stopford, KBE, CB, DSO, MC [to Nov. 1946] 1963.04.24 Adm. Sir Varyl Begg, KCB, DSO, DCS [RN] 1965 AVM Sir John Grandy, KCB, KBE, GCVO, DSO [RAF] 1967.02.01 Gen. Sir Richard Michael Power Carver, KCB, CBE, DSO, MC 1969.03.07 Adm. Sir Peter John Hill-Norton, KCB [RN] 1944.11.12 Lt-Gen. Sir Oliver William Hargreaves Leese, 3rd Bt., KCB, CBE, DSO
 * Supreme Allied Commander South East Asia
 * Commander-in-Chief, Far East Command:
 * Land forces: Commander-in-Chief, Allied Land Forces South East Asia

1945.08.10 Gen. Sir William Joseph Slim, KCB, CBE, DSO, MC 1945 Lt-Gen. Sir Miles Christopher Dempsey, KCB, KBE, DSO, MC 1946 Gen. Sir Montagu George North Stopford, KBE, CB, DSO, MC
 * Commander-in-Chief, Allied Land Forces South East Asia & S.E. Asia Land Forces

1947.02 Gen. Sir Neil Methuen Ritchie, GBE, KCB, DSO, MC 1949.06.28 Gen. Sir Allan Francis John Harding, GCB, CBE, DSO, MC 1951.06.11 Gen. Sir Charles Frederic Keightley, GCB, KBE, DSO, ADC 1953.09 Gen. Sir Charles Falkland Loewen, GCB, KBE, DSO 1956.08.10 Gen. Sir Francis Wogan Festing, GCB, KBE, DSO 1958.06 Gen. Sir Richard Amyatt Hull, GCB, DSO 1961.06 Lt-Gen. Sir Nigel Poett, KCB, DSO [to 1962]
 * Commander-in-Chief, Far East Land Forces:

1963.04.10 Lt-Gen. Sir Reginald Hackett Hewetson, KCB, CBE, DSO
 * General Officer Commander-in-Chief, Far East Land Forces:

1964.06.08 Lt-Gen. Sir Alan Jolly, KCB, CBE, DSO 1966.07.28 Lt-Gen. Sir Richard Michael Power Carver, KCB, CBE, DSO, MC 1967.01.31 Lt-Gen Sir Thomas Cecil Hook Pearson, KCB, CBE, DSO 1968.11.16 Lt-Gen. Sir Peter Mervyn Hunt, KCB, DSO, OBE 1970.10. Maj-Gen. Walter Babington (Sandy) Thomas, CB, DSO, MC [to 30 Oct. 1971]
 * Commander, Far East Land Forces:

Reference

 * Far East Command

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USNS Mizar

USNS Mizar (MA-48/T-AGOR-11/T-AK-272) was a vessel of the United States Navy. She was named after the star Mizar.

Cargo ship
Mizar was built as a small ice-strengthened, double hull, cargo ship of the Eltanin class on a Maritime Administration type (C1-ME2-13a) hull, by Avondale Marine Ways, Inc. from January 1957. She entered service on March 7, 1958, and served as part of the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS), working around Canada and Greenland, with a single voyage to Antarctica in 1961.

Naval Research Laboratory
The loss of the USS Thresher (SSN-593) on April 10, 1963, and problems handling heavy search equipment over the side from USNS James M. Gilliss in 1963 drove the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) requirement for a larger, more capable ship than the usual oceanographic research type. A search for a candidate ship, capable of being modified for an inboard center well, led to selection of Mizar in late 1963.

In 1964 Mizar's successful search for the sunken submarine, before modification for the desired center well, further demonstrated the need for a sheltered work space with heavy lift and towing capability.

Center well
NRL's previous vessel with a center well, USS Hunting, provided experience and some problems to avoid in the Mizar design. The two major problems with that installation were wave action in the well that damaged the bulkheads until reinforced and air pressure caused by wave action in the well that forced the deck doors off their tracks. The location of the 34 ft number two hatch straddling the ship's center section made a center well through even the double bottom feasible. A well 23 ft long and 10 ft wide with curved fore and aft ends to reduce wave pounding within was installed. The keel level opening was reduced to one of 21 ft long and 8 ft wide. A flush mounted, water tight hydraulic door of two parts, one fore and one aft, closed the well at the main deck level. Three 24 in diameter cable sheaves installed in a carriage, within which towed devices would be contained for lowering and raising, and extending below the keel allowed towing of heavy equipment without exposure on open decks. The system had a capacity of 12 tons. Large "breather" ducts from the well relieved air pressure caused by wave action within when the doors were closed. All was enclosed by a housing allowing all weather protection for operators. Mizar went into the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard in late 1965 with the installation of the well being a priority.

On April 15, 1964 Mizar was reclassified AGOR-11, designed for deep oceanographic search and research, and to be operated by MSTS for NRL. The ship was fitted with a deepsea vehicle (fish), equipped with strobe lights, cameras, sonar, and magnetometer. Her major tasks were to be ocean floor study and service as a floating base for underwater acoustic, chemical, and biological research. The search for Thresher had paused with advent of bad weather in September 1963. Mizar was assigned to the successor search task group, TG 168.1, when it formed May 18, 1974. Mizar's "fish" located the wreckage of the submarine within a few hours of searching.

Acoustic navigation system
The only means of subsurface navigation locating a search vehicle or other sensors relative to the ship and bottom is by acoustic navigation. Towed deep vehicles may be half a mile from the towing ship and respond to the ship's movements as much as half an hour after that movement. A capability developed at the University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory was implemented for Mizar. The system, an early implementation of a short baseline acoustic system, is composed of a triangular array of hydrophones on the ship's hull, a transponder on the towed vehicle with an acoustic pulse triggered by a signal over the towing cable, and a sea floor transponder triggered by an acoustic signal from the ship. By using travel times of the signals distances can be computed. A response from the vehicle can be computed for relative position with regard to the ship and that from the bottom transponder is used to find its relative position. The towed vehicles relative position to the ship and bottom is then computed.

Research
The ship was fitted to perform extensively in ocean science and technology with acoustics an important specialty. Mizar supported scientists from three NRL divisions. The Acoustics Division supported undersea surveillance, fleet sonar systems and studied undersea sound propagation. The Ocean Sciences Division worked in the classical oceanography fields of chemical, physical and biological oceanography and atmospheric studies. Research and development regarding materials and ocean engineering and the ship's searches were under the Ocean Technology Division.

As an example of extensive acoustic research with general oceanographic observations included was the ship's work in Operation NORLANT, an acoustic propagation and noise experiment that involved aircraft as well as NRL ships Mizar and USNS Hayes and the Norwegian research vessel Sverdrup in the Greenland, Norwegian and Barents seas. In one instance Mizar penetrated the ice pack while Hayes remained in the open sea. The closure of the ice and mechanical problems led to Mizar becoming stuck in the ice pack along with her icebreaker escort USCGC Edisto which also suffered from mechanical problems. Both were freed by USCGC Southwind after some days.

One of the NRL developments deployed on Mizar was the Light Behind Camera (LIBEC) that extended the coverage of deep sea cameras significantly. That system was used to photograph portions of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge during Project FAMOUS.

Searches
Often more public attention was drawn to the ship's searches for sunken ships than to routine research.

 * Mizar took part in the search operations for Thresher, the Palomares Incident in which nuclear weapons were lost off Palomares, Spain.
 * The ship was engaged in the extended search for USS Scorpion (SSN-589), which was found in October, 1968.
 * She also took part in searches for foreign wrecks, including Eurydice.
 * In 1969 Mizar was called on to locate the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute deep submersible Alvin, which had sunk in 5000 ft. Mizar lifted the submersible to shallow water.
 * Mizar was not involved, despite speculation, in the search for the Soviet submarines K-129 as the ship was well known to the Soviets and could not operate clandestinely.

Addition of water sampling capability to the search vehicle allowed environmental monitoring as well as location and photography. One example is the ship's monitoring of the scuttled, nerve agent laden, SS LeBaron Russell Briggs five times between 1970 and 1974. The entire hulk could be photographed and water samples taken close to its deck.

Assignment to undersea surveillance
The Naval Research Laboratory was forced by increasing ship costs to choose between Mizar and the newer Hayes and chose to retain Hayes. In 1975 Mizar came under the technical control of the Naval Electronic Systems Command (NAVELEX) to become part of the "Caesar fleet" supporting the Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) installation under the unclassified name Project Caesar. A footnote to a table of ships in The Federal Ocean Program dated April 1974 noted that Mizar was funded and operated by NAVELEX and no longer was funded as an oceanographic ship.

The ship was assigned to Military Sealift Command Pacific in 1975 and underwent another major modification in 1980. As of 1979 Mizar was the most recently built ship of the five ships directly assigned to Project Caesar.

Disposal
Mizar was withdrawn from active service entering the James River National Defense Reserve Fleet on December 17, 1989. The ship was withdrawn October 24, 1991 for stripping before returning December 18 awaiting disposal. Bay Bridge Enterprises, LLC of Chesapeake, Virginia was awarded a $243,900 contract for the dismantling and recycling of Mizar on 21 July 2005.

title: USNS Mizar


text:
Lorenz gauge condition

In electromagnetism, the Lorenz gauge condition or Lorenz gauge (after Ludvig Lorenz) is a partial gauge fixing of the electromagnetic vector potential by requiring $$\partial_\mu A^\mu = 0.$$ The name is frequently confused with Hendrik Lorentz, who has given his name to many concepts in this field. The condition is Lorentz invariant. The Lorenz gauge condition does not completely determine the gauge: one can still make a gauge transformation $$A^\mu \mapsto A^\mu + \partial^\mu f,$$ where $$\partial^\mu$$ is the four-gradient and $$f$$ is any harmonic scalar function: that is, a scalar function obeying $$\partial_\mu\partial^\mu f = 0,$$ the equation of a massless scalar field.

The Lorenz gauge condition is used to eliminate the redundant spin-0 component in Maxwell's equations when these are used to describe a massless spin-1 quantum field. It is also used for massive spin-1 fields where the concept of gauge transformations does not apply at all.

Description
In electromagnetism, the Lorenz condition is generally used in calculations of time-dependent electromagnetic fields through retarded potentials. The condition is $$\partial_\mu A^\mu \equiv A^\mu{}_{,\mu} = 0,$$ where $$A^\mu$$ is the four-potential, the comma denotes a partial differentiation and the repeated index indicates that the Einstein summation convention is being used. The condition has the advantage of being Lorentz invariant. It still leaves substantial gauge degrees of freedom.

In ordinary vector notation and SI units, the condition is $$\nabla\cdot{\mathbf{A}} + \frac{1}{c^2}\frac{\partial\varphi}{\partial t} = 0,$$ where $$\mathbf{A}$$ is the magnetic vector potential and $$ \varphi$$ is the electric potential; see also gauge fixing.

In Gaussian units the condition is $$\nabla\cdot{\mathbf{A}} + \frac{1}{c}\frac{\partial\varphi}{\partial t} = 0.$$

A quick justification of the Lorenz gauge can be found using Maxwell's equations and the relation between the magnetic vector potential and the magnetic field: $$\nabla \times \mathbf{E} = -\frac{\partial\mathbf{B}}{\partial t} = - \frac{\partial (\nabla \times \mathbf{A})}{\partial t}$$

Therefore, $$\nabla \times \left(\mathbf{E} + \frac{\partial\mathbf{A}}{\partial t}\right) = 0.$$

Since the curl is zero, that means there is a scalar function $$\varphi$$ such that $$-\nabla\varphi = \mathbf{E} + \frac{\partial\mathbf{A}}{\partial t}.$$

This gives a well known equation for the electric field: $$\mathbf{E} = -\nabla \varphi - \frac{\partial\mathbf{A}}{\partial t}.$$

This result can be plugged into the Ampère–Maxwell equation, $$\begin{align} \nabla \times \mathbf{B} &= \mu_0\mathbf{J} + \frac{1}{c^2}\frac{\partial\mathbf{E}}{\partial t} \\ \nabla \times \left(\nabla \times \mathbf{A}\right) &= \\ \Rightarrow \nabla\left(\nabla \cdot \mathbf{A}\right) - \nabla^2\mathbf{A} &= \mu_0\mathbf{J} - \frac{1}{c^2}\frac{\partial (\nabla\varphi)}{\partial t} - \frac{1}{c^2}\frac{\partial^2 \mathbf{A}}{\partial t^2}. \\ \end{align}$$

This leaves $$\nabla\left(\nabla \cdot \mathbf{A} + \frac{1}{c^2}\frac{\partial\varphi}{\partial t}\right) = \mu_0\mathbf{J} - \frac{1}{c^2} \frac{\partial^2 \mathbf{A}}{\partial t^2} + \nabla^2\mathbf{A}.$$

To have Lorentz invariance, the time derivatives and spatial derivatives must be treated equally (i.e. of the same order). Therefore, it is convenient to choose the Lorenz gauge condition, which makes the left hand side zero and gives the result $$\Box\mathbf{A} = \left[\frac{1}{c^2}\frac{\partial^2}{\partial t^2} - \nabla^2 \right]\mathbf{A} =\mu_0\mathbf{J}.$$

A similar procedure with a focus on the electric scalar potential and making the same gauge choice will yield $$\Box\varphi = \left[\frac{1}{c^2}\frac{\partial^2}{\partial t^2} - \nabla^2 \right] \varphi = \frac{1}{\varepsilon_0}\rho .$$

These are simpler and more symmetric forms of the inhomogeneous Maxwell's equations.

Here $$c = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\varepsilon_0\mu_0}}$$ is the vacuum velocity of light, and $$\Box$$ is the d'Alembertian operator with the (+ − − −) metric signature. These equations are not only valid under vacuum conditions, but also in polarized media, if $$\rho$$ and $$\vec{J}$$ are source density and circulation density, respectively, of the electromagnetic induction fields $$\vec{E}$$ and $$\vec{B}$$ calculated as usual from $$\varphi$$ and $$\vec{A}$$ by the equations $$\begin{align} \mathbf{E} &= -\nabla\varphi - \frac{\partial \mathbf{A}}{\partial t} \\ \mathbf{B} &= \nabla\times \mathbf{A} \end{align}$$

The explicit solutions for $$\varphi$$ and $$\mathbf{A}$$ – unique, if all quantities vanish sufficiently fast at infinity – are known as retarded potentials.

History
When originally published in 1867, Lorenz's work was not received well by James Clerk Maxwell. Maxwell had eliminated the Coulomb electrostatic force from his derivation of the electromagnetic wave equation since he was working in what would nowadays be termed the Coulomb gauge. The Lorenz gauge hence contradicted Maxwell's original derivation of the EM wave equation by introducing a retardation effect to the Coulomb force and bringing it inside the EM wave equation alongside the time varying electric field, which was introduced in Lorenz's paper "On the identity of the vibrations of light with electrical currents". Lorenz's work was the first use of symmetry to simplify Maxwell's equations after Maxwell himself published his 1865 paper. In 1888, retarded potentials came into general use after Heinrich Rudolf Hertz's experiments on electromagnetic waves. In 1895, a further boost to the theory of retarded potentials came after J. J. Thomson's interpretation of data for electrons (after which investigation into electrical phenomena changed from time-dependent electric charge and electric current distributions over to moving point charges).

External links and further reading

 * General

 * Further reading
 * See also
 * See also
 * See also

 * History

title: Lorenz gauge condition


text:
Talk:Alex Harvey (musician)

Delta Dawn
He wrote " Delta Dawn" for Helen Reddy, what was the story behind the song?

Might there be two Alex Harveys, then? This page discusses Alex Harvey and "Delta Dawn" in terms that strongly suggest he ain't our boy:

 * Alex Harvey’s songs stick in the mind long after the performance is finished. As a songwriter, he has created some of the hits of the seventies, among them the haunting “Delta Dawn” and “Reuben James.”

 * Alex Harvey wanted to be a performer as far back as he can remember, from his childhood in Brownsville, Tennessee, where he first heard black gospel music and, via radio, The Grand Ole Opry. He participated in high school and college productions, either on stage, backstage or both and earned a master’s degree in music from Murray State University in Kentucky. While acting in a summer drama there, Harvey met Billy Edd Wheeler, a singer/songwriter who was also playing a role in the production. That was a turning point in Harvey’s life.

-- Smerdis of Tlön 14:38, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

If you search for Alex Harvey at discogs you will find:

Alex Harvey (2) Real Name: Thomas Alexander Harvey Profile: American country singer born on March 10, 1947.

This is not the vocalist/guitarist of The Sensational Alex Harvey Band.

—— The disambiguation page here has both of them, but they point to this page. Donpayette (talk) 01:28, 26 October 2018 (UTC)

McKennas
Hugh and Ted McKenna WERE cousins, but NOT Alex Harvey's cousins. Maxwell, the current band's singer was NOT a member of the Shamen, he only appeared as an actor in their video for Ebeneezer Goode.--59.167.111.246 14:14, 24 December 2006 (UTC)

Discography
Hi,

I'm a bit suprised that this has no mention of what i think is Alex's last album "the Mafia Stole My Guitar". While not the best, there's still some good stuff on that last album. It seems more of a SAHB article than an Alex Harvey article.

The discography is certainly incomplete. Gordonbell 10:27, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree it's incomplete - it omits one single that I recall hearing played Top of the Pops as part of the Sensational Alex Harvey Band in 1976, 'Are you going to the Boston Tea Party?', although I don't know how high it charted.Cloptonson (talk) 20:13, 22 December 2021 (UTC)

Didn't Alex break with the rest of the SAHB
My brain may be playing a trick on me, but I recall going to an Alex Harvey concert in London at which the rest of the SAHB were conspicuously missing. There were calls from the audience along the lines of "We want Zal" to which Alex responded along the lines of "You don't need those f***ers!". He had a band of session musicians with him and played his own numbers. It was OK, but nothing like the SAHB, which I had seen before at a smaller provincial venue. The article reads as if the SAHB were together until Alex croaked. Can anyone clarify? GrahamDavies 21:49, 13 July 2007 (UTC)

By the time they released "Fourplay" (Feb '77) Alex had left.

 * I'm wondering why SAHB redirects to here. Alex Harvey and SAHB are not the same thing. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.68.37.61 (talk) 14:25, 5 September 2011 (UTC)

Wow
A day short of the 27 club with his brother... too weird.

Tribute bands
I'm removing the mentions of tribute bands under Alex_Harvey on grounds of notability (lack thereof). It read: Since 2005, Not The Sensational Alex Harvey Band has been performing in Switzerland. Alex Harvey is portrayed by fellow Scot Gustav Bertha. In 2008 a new Alex Harvey tribute, VAMBO ROOLS, was formed in the Cleveland, Ohio region of the United States. Hope that sits okay with others.--Rfsmit (talk) 18:49, 21 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Notability guidelines apply only to the subject of the article, Alex Harvey (musician). Tribute bands are tributes to the subject, and so deserve a mention. I have added them back under a new section, Alex Harvey (musician). HairyWombat 23:33, 16 May 2012 (UTC)

Frank Sidebottom
Memory may be playing tricks on me, but I thought Harvey's role was taken on by Frank Sidebottom for the university circuit in the 90s. Can't anyone else find anything on that?--Rfsmit (talk) 18:53, 21 August 2009 (UTC)

alcoholism and death of manager missing
Harvey s life offstage was beset by tragedy and his own alcoholism: his younger brother, Les, was electrocuted on stage; his manager and friend Billy Fehilly was killed in a plane crash. Eventually with his band in tatters, Alex sank into a sea of alcohol, finally succumbing to a fatal heart attack whilst waiting for a ferry home from a gig in Belgium in 1982, the day before his 47th birthday.--Penbat (talk) 16:46, 29 September 2011 (UTC)

Also apparently after his manager died he had serious legal problems and couldnt appear with his own band for years.--Penbat (talk) 18:13, 29 September 2011 (UTC

Why is there no band page?
Surely The Sensational Alex Harvey Band (or SAHB) is important enough to warrant its own page. 92.41.135.228 (talk) 21:12, 25 February 2013 (UTC)

The Sensational Alex Harvey Band is certainly more notable than Harvey's solo career and should have its own page. I'm not the right person to make one so I hope somebody will. Roope (talk) 11:40, 17 August 2016 (UTC)

 * Five years on and still no SAHB page - for one of the most distinctive UK rock bands ever! Stub Mandrel (talk) 20:46, 24 April 2018 (UTC)

Hot City
Link to album page is incorrect. Goes to an album of the same name by Gene Page. Bookman64 (talk) 17:53, 25 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alex Harvey (musician)


text:
Thomas Stukley

Thomas Stucley (c. 1525 – 4 August 1578), also written Stukeley or Stukley and known as the Lusty Stucley, was an English mercenary who fought in France, Ireland, and at the Battle of Lepanto (1571) and was killed at the Battle of Alcazar (1578) fighting the army of Morocco. He was a Roman Catholic recusant and a rebel against the Protestant Queen Elizabeth I.

Family
He was a younger son of Sir Hugh Stucley (1496–1559) lord of the manor of Affeton, in the parish of West Worlington in Devon, head of an ancient gentry family, a Knight of the Body to King Henry VIII and Sheriff of Devon in 1545. His mother was Jane Pollard, daughter of Sir Lewis Pollard (c. 1465–1526), lord of the manor of King's Nympton, Devon, Justice of the Common Pleas, and his wife Anne Hext.

It has been alleged that he was instead an illegitimate son of King Henry VIII. Details of any wives or children he may have had are imprecise.

Career
Stucley's early mentors were Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, and then the Bishop of Exeter, in whose household he held a post. He was present at Boulogne during the siege of 1544–45, and again in 1550 on the surrender of the city to the English. From 1547 to 1550, he was a standard-bearer at Boulogne, and then entered the service of Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset. After his master's arrest in 1551 a warrant was issued against him, but he succeeded in escaping to France, where he served in the French army.

His military talents brought him to the attention of Henri III de Montmorency, and he was sent to England with a letter of recommendation from Henry II of France to his supposed half-brother Edward VI of England. On his arrival he proceeded on 16 September 1552 to reveal the French plans for the capture of Calais and for a descent upon England, the furtherance of which had, according to his account, been the object of his mission to England. John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland evaded the payment of any reward to Stucley, and sought to gain the friendship of the French king by pretending to disbelieve Stucley's statements.

Stucley, who may well have been the originator of the plans adopted by the French, was imprisoned in the Tower of London for some months. Having run through his brother's inheritance, he was prosecuted for debt on his release in August 1553 and was compelled to become a soldier of fortune once more. This was not his only financial difficulty: once, claiming a legacy, he broke into the late testator's house and searched the coffers, in defiance of a court injunction. In another episode, he was imprisoned in the Tower at the suit of an Irishman he had robbed.

He returned to England in December 1554 in the train of Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, after obtaining an amnesty against his creditors' suits, possibly thanks to the Duke of Suffolk. His credit temporarily improved upon his marriage to Anne Curtis, granddaughter and heir of Sir Thomas Curtis, but he was reputed to squander £100 a day and to have sold the blocks of tin with which his father-in-law had paved the yard of his London house. Within a few months, a warrant for his arrest was issued on a charge of uttering false money and he fled abroad again, deserting his wife, to enter the service of the duke of Savoy. He then fought on the victorious side at the Battle of St. Quentin in 1557.

In 1558, Stucley was summoned before the council on a charge of piracy, although he was again acquitted owing to insufficient evidence, and managed to retain the favour of Queen Mary I of England. On the death of his wife's grandfather at the beginning of Elizabeth's reign he came into money, and he accommodated himself to the Protestant succession and became a supporter of Sir Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. In 1561, he was given a captaincy at Berwick, where he lived sumptuously; during the winter, he made firm friends with the Gaelic nobleman Shane O'Neill of Ulster, upon the latter's visit to court at London. In 1562, he obtained a warrant permitting him to bring French ships into English ports although England and France were only nominally at peace.

At about this time, on being presented to the queen he said he would prefer to be sovereign of a molehill than the subject of the greatest king in Christendom and that he had a presentiment he would be a prince before he died. She is said to have remarked, "I hope I shall hear from you when you are installed in your principality". He responded that she surely would, and she demanded, "In what language?" He answered: "In the style of princes, to our dearest sister."

Stucley then devised a plan for a colony in Florida, at the time hotly contested by rival Spanish and French settlers (see Spanish Florida). To this end, he persuaded the queen to supply a ship of 100 tons (including 100 men, plus sailors), to supplement his fleet of five vessels. Having staged a naval pageant for the queen on the Thames, he promptly sailed his fleet to the coast of Munster in Ireland in June 1563 to go privateering against French, Spanish and Portuguese ships. After repeated remonstrances on the part of the offended powers, Elizabeth disavowed Stucley and sent a naval force under the command of Sir Peter Carew to arrest him. One of his ships was taken in Cork haven, and Stucley surrendered, but he was acquitted once again, with O'Neill pleading his case through diplomatic channels.

Ireland
The meeting with O'Neill led to an extended interest in Irish affairs on Stucley's part. He was recommended by the queen to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Sir Thomas Radclyffe, Earl of Sussex, on 30 June 1563, and in 1566 was employed as a captain by the Lord Deputy, Sir Henry Sidney, in a vain effort to induce O'Neill to enter into negotiations with the government. The Ulster lord sought to use him as intermediary with Sidney and in the same year requested his presence in fighting the Scots, an arrangement favoured by the lord deputy. Sidney then sought permission of the crown for Stucley to purchase the estates and office of Sir Nicholas Bagenal, marshal of Ireland, for £3,000, but Elizabeth refused to permit the transaction. The lands lay mostly in the east of Ulster, a territory anciently in Hiberno-Norman possession, which was much fought over by the Irish and Scots, and would be used by the English within a decade as a base for their efforts at colonisation of the province (see Plantations of Ireland).

Undeterred by this failure, Stucley was appointed seneschal of Kavanagh's country in south-east Leinster, and had some say in the controversial land claims of his adversary, Peter Carew (who succeeded him in that office). He went on to buy lands from Sir Nicholas Heron in the adjacent County Wexford, and was appointed by Sidney to the office of seneschal there, but the queen objected to the appointment and in June 1568 he was dismissed in favour of Sir Nicholas White. Stucley had fallen prey to the disputes between Sidney and White's patron, the Earl of Ormonde, which resulted, in the following year, in Elizabeth rebuking Sidney for his use of Stucley in the negotiations with O'Neill. In June 1569 Stucley was committed to custody in Dublin Castle for 18 weeks, on White's claim that he had used 'coarse language' against the queen and supported 'certain rebels'.

Spain
Again, Stucley was acquitted, and the authorities released him in October 1569. He had been suspected of proposing an invasion of Ireland to King Philip II of Spain, and soon after his release he offered his services to Fénelon, the French ambassador in London. He returned to Ireland in 1570, where he fitted out a ship at Waterford and made a great show of his piety, proceeding through the streets of the city on his knees as he offered himself up to God. He then sailed from Waterford on 17 April, supposedly for London, but his real destination was Vimeiro, northwest of Lisbon. He had 28 men on board, but only the sole Italian knew their course, and the rest fell into despair when they arrived in Portugal after a five-day voyage.

Philip II invited him to Madrid, where he was loaded with honours, probably with a view to impressing upon Elizabeth the threat of an invasion of Ireland to detract from English support for the Dutch rebels in the Netherlands. With the approbation of the Duke of Feria, Stucley was known at the Spanish court as the "Duke of Ireland", and was established with a handsome allowance in a villa near Madrid.

Speculation about Stucley's future role became intense. In 1570, it was claimed that he had sought to interfere in the Ridolfi Plot with an attack on Ireland in the following year during the planned invasion of England from Flanders. The Irish invasion was to have been aided by the Plymouth fleet of Sir John Hawkins, who betrayed the supposed plot to the privy council, leading to the arrest of the Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk.

On 12 February 1571, the king was informed by the Spanish ambassador that news was had in London from France that the pope had ceded to the Spanish crown the kingdom created for Philip and Queen Mary I of England, which had fallen vacant upon the excommunication of Elizabeth by Pope Pius V, in his 1570 papal bull Regnans in Excelsis, and that it was rumoured that Stucley was to be sent to England with 14 to 15 companies of troops.

Amidst this international feinting and shaping, the Catholic Archbishop of Cashel, Maurice Reagh Fitzgibbon – an ally of the Irish leader in Munster James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald – made some effort while in Spain to discredit Stucley's ambitions, much to the displeasure of Feria, and was supported by the Duke of Alba, who dismissed the proposed invasion on the ground that once England fell, Ireland would fall of itself.

The archbishop's brief was to request the appointment of John of Austria, nicknamed Don John, as king of Ireland. On removing to Paris, Fitzgibbon informed the English ambassador there, Sir Francis Walsingham, of Stucley's plan. In 1570, Stucley sought to have an English spy, Oliver King, brought before the Spanish Inquisition. King had a history of attendance at Mass and of knocking his breast daily and so was merely stripped and banished, but then had to cross the Pyrenees in the snow while Stucley's men pursued him. Stucley obtained his passport to leave Spain after Elizabeth demanded his dismissal.

Stucley moved to Rome, where he found favour with Pope Pius V, who had excommunicated Elizabeth in 1571. He was given the command of three galleys at the Battle of Lepanto (7 October 1571), and showed great valour. It was a crucial victory for the Holy League over the Ottoman Empire of Selim II, and allowed Spain to devote more resources to its campaigns in northern Europe.

Stucley's exploits restored him to favour in Madrid, and by the end of March 1572 he was at Seville, offering to hold the narrow seas against the English with a fleet of twenty ships. In four years (1570–1574) he is said to have received over 27,000 ducats from Philip II of Spain, but wearied by the king's delays he sought more serious assistance from the new pope, Gregory XIII, who aspired to make his son Giacomo Boncompagni King of Ireland.

Rome
Stucley allied with Fitzmaurice and moved to Rome in 1575, where he is said to have walked about the streets and churches barefoot and bare-legged. In June, Stucley had an interview at Naples with his Lepanto commander Don John, and passed on details of the plans for an October expedition. The intention was to deliver Mary, Queen of Scots, from prison and take possession of England. Don John, who was now in charge of the Spanish forces in Flanders, said the king would have to approve, and that 3,000 men were too few, but was cautiously optimistic that the expedition would help to contain the rebellion in the Netherlands.

In 1575, Friar Patrick O'Healy arrived at Rome bearing a letter from the king and announcing that he sought sanction for an unnamed Irish gentleman to revolt and to request assistance; he insisted Philip II had given his blessing. Pope Gregory stressed that the crown ought not to go to a French or Spanish claimant, but to a native Catholic, that is, Mary, Queen of Scots, lest the king gain too much power and territory; he was opposed to Don John being crowned in Ireland. The king disputed O'Healy's authority to enter discussion on the Irish matter and queried the Pope's opposition to the increase of Spanish authority.

The Pope was willing to guarantee six months' pay for 200 men and their shipping expenses to go to England in his name, and wondered if a personal attempt might be made against Elizabeth. Later, it was suggested that 5,000 go to Liverpool and free Mary before possessing the country, or go to Ireland. Pope Gregory bargained for Philip II to defray the entire expense of the expedition, and suggested that if the Vatican were to pitch in then it should receive some benefit in Italy by way of material return. The Spanish thought the leader of the expedition should be married, so as to prevent papal approval of a match with Mary.

British spies had been sending home rumours of Stucley's plans since Archbishop Fitzgibbon's intervention in Spain. In 1572, Oliver King informed London of invasion plans; in March 1573 Elizabeth's spymaster Sir William Cecil, Lord Burghley, received intelligence that certain "decayed gentlemen" were to join Stucley in Spain for the invasion of Ireland. At their first encounter, Walsingham had not known what to make of Fitzgibbon, realising that an agent of Burghley's had sown dissension between the archbishop and Stucley, but in 1575 he did have intelligence of Stucley's alliance with Fitzmaurice, at a time when the nuncio at Madrid was urging an invasion of England. In 1578 Walsingham had similar intelligence, and having failed to induce Archbishop Fitzgibbon to give up his secrets in return for his passage back to Ireland, procured his arrest in Scotland.

Invasion expedition
On 1 October 1578, Don John died while on campaign in southern Belgium, of camp fever (typhus). His death disrupted plans for the invasion of England, but there was still stomach for supporting the Irish. In 1576 Fitzmaurice had been warmly received at Rome, where William Allen, later a cardinal, was also present, having presented to the Pope a plot for the invasion of England through Liverpool, with 5,000 musketeers under Stucley's command.

Now, in 1578, the Pope provided Stucley with infantry and he set out with 2,000 fighting men. The force had, it was claimed, been raised by enlisting Apennine highwaymen and robbers in return for pardons and 50-day indulgences, the latter to be gained by contemplation of crucifixes supplied to Stucley. They were commanded by professional officers under Hercules of Pisano, and also Giuseppi who went on to command the Smerwick garrison at the beginning of the Second Desmond Rebellion. In sum, Stucley's ranks rose to 4,000.

Stucley sailed for Ireland from Civitavecchia in March 1578. In April, he reached Cadiz with rotted ships, where he issued magnificent passports to Irishmen returning home, describing himself as Marquess of Leinster (a title bestowed by the Pope). Philip II sent him on to Lisbon, where he was to meet Fitzmaurice and secure better ships before sailing for Ireland.

Here, King Sebastian of Portugal invited Stucley to take up a command in his army, which included Portuguese and German mercenaries, in preparation for an invasion of Morocco (an ally of England against Spain) in an attack upon the Moors. Stucley abandoned the Irish invasion, and destroyed the hopes of help in Munster. Stucley is said to have declared that he knew Ireland as well as the best and that there were only to be got there "hunger and lice".

The Jesuit polemicist Nichola Sanders and Irish members of the expedition made their way back to Rome, and continued the now ill-fated invasion, deprived of most of its money and men by Stucley's desertion.

On landing in Morocco, Stucley objected to marching straight away against a vast force of Moors and scorned the Portuguese king's troops and tactics. He reportedly fought with courage on 4 August 1578 at the Battle of Alcácer Quibir, commanding the centre, but was killed early in the day when a cannonball cut off his legs—or perhaps, as tradition asserted, he was murdered by his Italian soldiers after the Portuguese had been defeated. The historian Jerry Brotton writes of him, "He might not have 'given a fart' about Elizabeth, but it may have been one of her cannonballs that killed him".

Legacy
Stucley's career made a considerable impression on his contemporaries, and in death he attracted as much speculation and gossip as he had in life. A play generally assigned to George Peele, The Battell of Alcazar with the Death of Captain Stukely, printed in 1594, was probably acted in 1592. It deals with Stucley's arrival in Lisbon and his Moorish expedition; in a long speech before his death he recapitulates the events of his life.

A later piece, The Famous History of the Life and Death of Captain Thomas Stukeley, printed for Thomas Pavier (1605), which is possibly the Stewtle, played, according to Henslowe, on 11 December 1596, is a biographical piece dealing with successive episodes, and seems to be a patchwork of older plays on Dom António and on Stucley. His adventures also form the subject of various ballads.

There is a detailed biography of Stucley, based chiefly on the English, Venetian and Spanish state papers, in R Simpson's edition of the 1605 play (School of Shakespeare, 1878, vol. i.), where the Stucley ballads are also printed. References in contemporary poetry are quoted by Dyce in his introduction to The Battle of Alcazar in Peele's Works.

title: Thomas Stukley


text:
El Condominio

El Condominio was a Puerto Rican television sitcom created, written and produced by Emmanuel "Sunshine" Logroño that aired on Televicentro Puerto Rico from March 2000 until June 2005. The show came under controversy in 2004 when Tony Mojena filed a copyright violation lawsuit against Logroño, for taking the storyline and characters (in which the Condominio cast originally portrayed in) of a segment titled 20 Pisos de Historia from a show that Mojena produced on Telemundo Puerto Rico. Ultimately, Mojena gained the copyright of the show, and currently airs on reruns on Telemundo Puerto Rico.

History
El Condominio came to be as a result of a segment in 20 Pisos de Historia, a show produced by Tony Mojena which first appeared on Puerto Rican television on WKAQ-TV as part of De Noche con Sunshine. While working in the Mojena show, the cast and creators resigned and joined Logroño to produce El Condominio, a 30-minute sitcom for WAPA-TV with the same characters and a similar premise, and new characters added. The show, which was aired live in front of a studio audience, became an instant hit in Puerto Rican television, often appearing among the top 10 shows in Puerto Rico on Nielsen's list of television show ratings.

Controversy
In 2004, controversy arose when Tony Mojena declared that he wanted the show suspended or for Logroño to pay him royalties, alleging, in a lawsuit, that he stole his creation by implanting the original actors and characters used on Los Apartamentos to El Condominio. A court ruling ordered Logroño to continue on producing the show without paying Mojena royalties until the case was further reviewed.

The controversy was spread on Puerto Rican media, and the show's actors sided with Logroño, defending their show as a workshop for Puerto Rican actors. Among the show's most vocal defenders were two of its main stars, René Monclóva and Marian Pabón. In May 2005, the Puerto Rican court reached a verdict, deciding that the show could no longer go on. The show aired its final episode on June 1, 2005. Shortly after the sitcom ended, the show's actors filed a legal motion to allow the actors to portray their characters from El Condominio; most of the characters then appeared in another show called Por el Casco de San Juan.

In the summer of 2012, Tony Mojena received the copies of the show as a result of winning the lawsuit and started airing the show again on Telemundo Puerto Rico, causing the actors to revive the case, stating that even though Mojena owned the show, he did not create the characters and had to pay the actors. After the actors said they were going to plead the case to the Screen Actors Guild, Mojena stated that the show was clear for airing and he was going to keep the show on the air every Sunday at 8pm AST on Telemundo

Synopsis
The show follows the intertwining lives of the tenants and residents of the Monte Brisas condominium, owned by Cardona, a lonely man in his forties who is never seen on camera, apparently a virgin, and had bad luck with women. He inherited the property from his mother (sometimes played by Sunshine Logroño), an elderly woman who raised her son like a momma's boy. Because he had such bad luck with women, the owner befriended his employee Lolo Bond (played by René Monclova), an alcoholic handyman who had much better luck with women. Lolo sometimes felt that his boss may be gay without his own knowledge, so he tried to arrange dates for him, and, combined with the owner's virginal behavior and Lolo's suspicions, this often lead to comical situations.

Throughout the show, many tenants and residents of the building interact with each other, mostly getting into comical mischief, and misunderstandings. Vázquez (played by Efraín López Neris), is the building's ignorant security guard who interacts with the tenants and visitors as they pass through his desk in the lobby. Lolo's girlfriend, Doña Laura Álvarez Viuda de Gumbia (played by Cristina Soler), is a widow, whose husband only left her debts and an unemployed gay son, León (played by Logroño). Segismundo Alberto (played by Jorge Castro), is the building's bossy administrator who often attempts to set order in the condominium. Among the other tenants and residents of the condominium are: Brenda Q (played by Marian Pabón) a Nuyorican hustler who lives on the revenues made by a naïve, big-chested exotic dancer; Dr. Sebastián Argüelles (played by Albert Rodríguez), a biased plastic surgeon with a snooty attitude; Doña Soto (played by Suzette Bacó), an old born-again Christian lady who owned dozens of stray dogs; Elpidio (played by Logroño), a mentally-challenged man-boy; and Pachango (also played by Logroño), a perverted and smelly old man with a hernia.

Cast

 * Sunshine Logroño as:
 * Elpidio, a mentally-challenged man-boy
 * Pachango, a perverted and smelly old man with a hernia
 * León, the unemployed gay son of Doña Laura
 * Efraín López Neris as Vázquez, the building's security guard
 * René Monclova as Lolo Bond, the alcoholic handyman
 * Marian Pabón as Brenda Q, a Nuyorican hustler
 * Jorge Castro as Segismundo Alberto, the building's administrator
 * Albert Rodríguez as Dr. Sebastián Argüelles, a snooty plastic surgeon
 * Cristina Soler as Doña Laura Álvarez Viuda de Gumbia, Lolo's girlfriend and mother of León
 * Suzette Bacó as Doña Soto, an old born-again Christian lady who owned dozens of stray dogs

title: El Condominio


text:
Abushiri revolt

The Abushiri Revolt, also known as the Slave Trader Revolt (Sklavenhändlerrevolte), but generally referred to by modern historians as the Coastal Rebellion, was an insurrection in 1888–1889 by the Arab, Swahili and African population of the coast of what is now Tanzania. This coast had been leased, under protest, to Germany by the Sultan of Zanzibar in 1888. The rebellion was eventually suppressed by a German expeditionary force commanded by Hermann Wissmann.

Background
In late 1884, an expedition of the Society for German Colonization, led by Carl Peters, had reached Zanzibar and induced certain chiefs in the hinterland of the African mainland to sign "protection contracts" promising vast areas to the society. Once it had gained a foothold, Peters' new German East Africa Company acquired further lands on the mainland up to the Uluguru and Usambara Mountains. That met with opposition by Sultan Barghash bin Said of Zanzibar, who nevertheless had to yield after Peters had obtained official support from the Foreign Office in Berlin and a fleet of the Kaiserliche Marine (German Navy) under Konteradmiral Eduard von Knorr appeared off the Zanzibar coast.

Negotiations between Germany and Britain late in 1886 established the final boundaries of the colony of German East Africa, but reserved a strip of land, ten miles wide, along the coast as the property of the Sultan of Zanzibar. On 28 April 1888, Sultan Khalifah bin Said finally signed a treaty, leasing the coastal strip to the German East Africa Company.

From August 1888, the company tried to take over the coastal towns against fierce resistance from the Arab elite, who feared for their slave and ivory trade, and also from the Swahili and African population. The company's administrator, Ernst Vohsen, made no attempt to conciliate his new subjects. He decreed that owners of land were obliged to register and prove ownership of their holdings, and that all other land would pass into the ownership of the company. Various other levies and rules were imposed, and the Sultan's former officials and military forces were taken under the control of the company, on much reduced salaries. The haughty attempts by Emil von Zelewski, the German administrator in Pangani, to raise the company's flag over the town sparked the uprising.

Revolt
The revolt around Pangani was led by the plantation-owner Abushiri ibn Salim al-Harthi, who gained the support of both the Arabs of the area and local Swahili tribes. Abushiri's father was an ethnic Arab and his mother an Oromo. The south of the colony was soon also in revolt, with Yao warriors from the interior taking a leading role. The Germans were expelled from Lindi and Mikindani, and those in Kilwa were killed. It was only Dar es Salaam and Bagamoyo which remained in German hands.

In January 1889, German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck intervened and appointed Lieutenant Hermann Wissmann as Reichskommissar for German East Africa. Wissmann created a Schutztruppe of German officers and African askari soldiers whom he hired in Egypt and Mozambique. The German and British navies collaborated in establishing a blockade of the East African coast, to prevent assistance reaching the rebels. Wissmann's force landed at Bagamoyo early in May 1889, and from there they advanced against Abushiri's fort, which they seized with great loss of life to the defenders. Abushiri retired to the interior, but he was pursued by Wissmann and returned to the coast, where he was captured and executed on 15 December 1889.

The other major rebel leader in the north was Bwana Heri, a former trader who had established himself as ruler of the Saadani district. He repulsed a German force in December 1889, but further expeditions early in 1890 caused him to surrender and submit to German rule. Wissmann then took his forces to the south of the colony, where with the assistance of the German navy he had no difficulty in recapturing the coastal towns in May 1890. However the Yao chief, Machemba, from his fastness on the Makonde Plateau, was able to repel the forces sent against him by the Germans. He finally negotiated a peace agreement with his opponents in May 1891.

Aftermath
The revolt had revealed the complete inability of the German East Africa Company to administer its territory. On 1 January 1891 the German Imperial government assumed control of German East Africa, and the company received extremely generous financial compensation. The very effective military force established by Hermann Wissmann was converted into the Kaiserliche Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika. Under Wissmann's command, it proceeded to establish German rule over the caravan routes to Kilimanjaro and Lake Tanganyika, as the next stage in the complete subjection of the territory.

The German victors dismissed the Coastal Rebellion of 1888-90 as an "Arab Rebellion," as reflected in the title of Rochus Schmidt's standard history of the military campaign. It was not until the publication of Jonathan Glassman's doctoral thesis in 1995 that a fuller picture of the rebellion emerged, with a better understanding of the motivations of the different elements of the coastal population, and of how these combined to spark the rebellion.

The German historian, Jörg Haustein, has expressed very effectively the latest thinking on this question:"by dubbing al-Bushiri's military resistance the 'Arab Uprising,' the Germans completely misread the political dynamics beneath the opposition they faced. In the decades prior to the arrival of the Germans, Tanganyika had seen a progressive encroachment of Omani military and administrative power, which altered the established trading networks and socioeconomic relations between Shirazi patricians, Indian merchants, and Arab traders of various origins (Hadramaut, Comoro, Zanzibar). As Glassman pointed out, the German colonizers were tolerated as long as they were seen as challenging Omani domination. However, with the treaty of 1888, Germans were perceived as clients of the sultan, and now their former allies turned against them, simultaneously contesting German and Omani authority over the coast. The uprising, in other words, indicated the precariousness of Omani Arab hegemony, rather than 'Arab' leadership, and was rooted in a social contest that pitted diverse religious and ethnic identities … against each other."

title: Abushiri revolt


text:
Peter Peacock

Peter James Peacock (born 27 May 1952) is a Scottish politician who served as Minister for Education and Young People from 2003 to 2006. A member of the Scottish Labour Party, he was a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Highlands and Islands region from 1999 to 2011.

Peacock was convener of the Highland Regional Council from 1995 to 1999.

Peacock was appointed a deputy minister when first elected at the 1999 Scottish Parliament election. He was promoted to Minister for Education and Young People in the Scottish Executive after the 2003 election.

Due to his position, Peacock was chosen to officially open the newly refurbished Morgan Academy in Dundee, Scotland, in August 2004; after the fire that destroyed the building in 2001. He resigned from his government post in November 2006 due to ill health.

title: Peter Peacock


text:
User talk:Kidu

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Kidu


text:
Bruce Stewart (playwright)

Bruce Richard Stewart (5 August 1936 – 28 June 2017) was a New Zealand fiction writer and dramatist of Ngāti Raukawa Te Arawa descent. Stewart's work often expresses the anger, the confused loyalties, and the spiritual aspirations of late-twentieth-century Māori.

Biography
Stewart was born in Hamilton. His Pākehā biological father had no involvement with him, and his Māori mother Molly Daphne Hirini has said that her Tainui tribe frowned on mixed-race children. Stewart got his name from his stepfather Donald Lewis Stewart, who married Molly Hirini in 1938. Molly died in 1954. Stewart grew up in Masterton and was educated at Wairarapa College.

He lived mainly in Wellington, where he successfully set up the first work trust and founded Tapu Te Ranga Marae at Island Bay, creating a centre for debate and education in Māori culture and protocol and for the redevelopment of native bush. He was president of Ngā Puna Waihanga (Maori Writers and Artists Society) in 1982.

Stewart died at Tapu Te Ranga on 28 June 2017.

Published and televised
Broken Arse was published in Into the World of Light (1982) and Stewart later rewrote it as a playscript, which was performed in Wellington in 1990, televised and published by Victoria University Press in 1991. In that dramatic form, the strength of the rebellious prisoners stomping and chanting in unison became even more powerful as haka.

Books
Reviewed by;
 * Tama, and Other Stories Auckland : Penguin, 1989.
 * Eggleton, David. Evening Post p.31; 27 May 1989.
 * Mackrell, Brian. New Zealand Wildlife 11(88):32; Spring 1989.
 * King, Michael. Metro 9(96):184–186; June 1989.
 * Taylor, Apirana. Dominion Sunday Times p.17; 4 June 1989.
 * Duggan, Sally. NZ Herald 2:6; 19 Aug 1989.
 * Faith, Rangi. Listener 124(2572):71; 24 June 1989.Z
 * McEldowney, W.J.. Otago Daily Times p.24; 5 July 1989.

Reviewed by;
 * Broken Arse Wellington : Victoria University Press, 1991.
 * Dale, Judith. New Zealand Books 1(4):8; March 1992.
 * Cooke, Patricia. Dominion Sunday Times p.20; 29 Sep 1991.

Performance
Reviews of performance at Depot Theatre
 * Evening Post p.24; 26 Feb 1990.
 * Budd, Susan. Dominion p.11; 6 Mar 1990.
 * Cooke, Patricia. Dominion Sunday Times p.18; 11 Mar 1990.
 * Welch, Denis. Listener 128(2634):108; 10 Sep 1990.

Review

 * The author discusses his play;
 * "Broken Arse on at Depot". Evening Post. p.24; 26 Feb 1990.

 * Autobiographical.
 * "Ko wai ahau?" Mana : the Maori news magazine for all New Zealanders. 1:94–95; Jan/Feb 1993.
 * Interview with Stewart, Neville Glasgow, Directions (1995).

Related published material

 * McLauchlan, Gordon. 'A new beginning for Maori writing?' Auckland Metro 10:21; April 1982.
 * Galloway, Penny. 'Waitangi writings.' Listener 120(2502):8; 6 Feb 1988. Includes comment on Stewart.
 * McNaughton, Iona. 'Tales of an angry young Maori.' Dominion p.10; 27 May 1989.
 * O'Hare, N. 'Faith and work.' Listener 125(2594) Sup.p.85-87; 20 Nov 1989. Interview.
 * Lucas, J. 'Stewart's marae threatened.' Evening Post p.1,3; 25 May 1991.
 * Wevers, Lydia. 'Short fiction by Maori writers.' Commonwealth : Essays and Studies 16(2):26–33; Spring, ::1994. Includes comment on Bruce Stewart.
 * Donaldson, Lana Simmons. 'Willing to conform only to nature.' Kia Hiwa Ra : National Maori Newspaper 58:8, 24; Nov 1997. Profile.
 * Heim, Otto. Writing Along Broken Lines: Violence and Ethnicity in Contemporary Maori Fiction. Auckland: ::Auckland University Press, 1998.
 * Collins, Heeni. 'Heroes on the hill.' Evening Post p.13 25 Sep 1999. Discusses statue erected by Stewart ::on Tawatawa Ridge, Island Bay, of Te Rauparaha and Te Rangihaeata.

title: Bruce Stewart (playwright)


text:
Charles Sumner (bishop)

Charles Richard Sumner (22 November 1790 – 15 August 1874) was a Church of England bishop.

Life
Charles Sumner was a brother of John Bird Sumner, Archbishop of Canterbury. Their father was Robert Sumner, and their mother was Hannah Bird, a first cousin of William Wilberforce.

Sumner was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge and graduated Bachelor of Arts (BA) in 1814 and Cambridge Master of Arts (MA) in 1817. After ordination he ministered for the two winters of 1814–1816 to the English congregation in Geneva. From 1816 to 1821 he was curate of Highclere, Hampshire. In 1820, George IV wished to appoint him as a canon of Windsor, but the prime minister, Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool, objected; Sumner received instead a royal chaplaincy and librarianship. Other preferments quickly followed; in 1826 he was consecrated Bishop of Llandaff (at that point the Bishop of Llandaff was also Dean of St Paul's Cathedral, London) and in 1827 Bishop of Winchester. In 1869 he resigned his seat, but continued to live at the official residence in Farnham until his death on 15 August 1874.

Though Evangelical in his views he did not confine his patronage to that school.

He and his brother were members of the Canterbury Association from 27 March 1848.

Works
Sumner published a number of charges and sermons and The Ministerial Character of Christ Practically Considered (London, 1824). He also edited and translated John Milton's De doctrina christiana, which was found in the State Paper office in 1823, and formed the text of Macaulay's essay on Milton.

Family
Sumner married Jennie Fanny Barnabine Maunoir (23 February 1794 – 3 September 1849) and had seven children - four sons and three daughters, including:
 * John Maunoir Sumner (c. 1816 at Highclere – 1 April 1886), rector of North Waltham 1842–1845, and of Buriton, Hampshire, 1845, until his death.
 * Louisanna Sumner (1817–1899), who married the Rev. William Gibson, Rector of Fawley, Hampshire, and had eleven children including:
 * Arthur Sumner Gibson (1844–1927), a rugby union international, who played in the first international match in 1871
 * Edgar Charles Sumner Gibson, (1848–1924), Bishop of Gloucester
 * Alan George Sumner Gibson (1856–1922), Coadjutor Bishop of Cape Town from 1894
 * Sophia Albertina Sumner (1823–1884), married the Rev. William Henry Ridley
 * George Henry Sumner (1824–1909), Bishop of Guildford, whose wife Mary founded the Mothers' Union
 * Emily Sarah Frances Sumner (1832–1926), who married Robert Newman Milford (1829–1913), Rector of East Knoyle, Wiltshire and canon of Salisbury Cathedral, whose children included Sir Humphrey Sumner Milford, a publisher at Oxford University Press

Attribution

 * Endnotes:
 * A Life of Sumner was published by his son, George Henry Sumner, in 1876
 * cf. Le Neve's Fasti, i. 49, ii. 257, 317, 429, iii. 21, 81
 * Stapylton's Eton Lists, p. 42
 * Lady Granville's Letters, i. 255
 * Burke's Landed Gentry
 * Gent. Mag. 1802 ii. 1066, 1847 i. 108
 * Times, 17 and 18 Aug 1874
 *  Guardian, 19 and 26 Aug 1874
 * Pennington's Recollections, pp. 149–65
 * Ashwell and Wilberforce's Bishop Wilberforce, i. 65–82, 103–4, 150, 160, 263–4, 317, 401, ii. 248, iii. 61–2
 * Lucas's Bernard Barton, pp. 108–9, 161
 * information from Mr. W. Aldis Wright
 * Lucas's Bernard Barton, pp. 108–9, 161
 * information from Mr. W. Aldis Wright

title: Charles Sumner (bishop)


text:
Yfrah Neaman

Professor Yfrah Neaman, OBE FGSM (13 February 1923 – 4 January 2003), was a concert violinist and teacher.

Early life
Neaman was born in Sidon, Lebanon. He lived in Tel Aviv until 1932 when he moved to Paris to study at the Paris Conservatoire. In 1937 at the age of 14 he won the Premier Prix, the youngest ever student to do so. After his studies in Paris, Neaman travelled to London to study with Carl Flesch, and in 1939 returned to France to study with Jacques Thibaud. Following the German invasion of France in 1940, Neaman settled in London where he continued his studies with Max Rostal.

Career
Once settled in London Neaman met Dame Myra Hess and Howard Ferguson, both of whom became life-long friends. They invited him to play for their National Gallery lunchtime concert series and during the next few years Neaman gave 15 National Gallery concerts.

Neaman taught at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama from 1958 until his death, first as Professor of Violin, then as Head of Advanced Solo Studies. In 1998 he was made Emeritus Professor in recognition of his 40 years' service to the School. Neaman gave masterclasses all over the world and as a guest Professor had his own class four times a year at the Peter Cornelius Konservatorium in Mainz, Germany, from 1973 until his death. He was also Specialist Consultant to Wells Cathedral Music School for over 30 years. He held the Hengrave Summer Course for more than 25 years.

Awards
Neaman received many international and UK awards, including the Gutenberg-Plakette of the City of Mainz, Germany, in 1997, the Cobbet Medal of the Worshipful Company of Musicians in 1997, and the Freedom of the City of London in 1980. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1983.

Death
Yfrah Neaman died of cancer on January 4, 2003, at age 79 in London, England, survived by his wife Gillian, son Sam and daughter Rachel.

title: Yfrah Neaman