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The Fuse (album)

The Fuse is the eighth studio album by American punk rock band Pennywise. It was released on August 9, 2005.

The Fuse charted at number 36 in Australia on the ARIA Albums Chart, their third lowest position on the chart among the band's album releases. It peaked at #78 on the Billboard 200.

Background
Pennywise spent the first few months of 2005 writing and rehearsing new material for their next album, making over 30 demos in the process, which they planned to shortlist to 16–18. In April 2005, they began recording the new album, which was tentatively titled The Fuse.

Release
On June 15, 2005, The Fuse was announced for released in two months' time; alongside this, the artwork and track listing was posted online. Pennywise toured Europe with Stretch Arm Strong in June and July 2005, and included appearanves at the Greenfield, Feria and Fury festivals. On July 5, 2005, "Knocked Down" was posted online; followed by "Disconnect" near the end of the month. The Fuse was released on August 9, 2005, through Epitaph Records. In September 2005, they toured the East Coast with H2O, Death by Stereo and A Wilhelm Scream. For the next two months, they went on a North American trek with Bad Religion, and supported Sick of It All for a handful of East Coast shows. Pennywise opened 2006 with a month-long US West Coast tour, with support from No Use for a Name, the Suicide Machines, and Love Equals Death. An Australian tour was intended to follow, but the band cancelled citing "unforeseen circumstances". On April 26, 2006, a music vieo was released for "Knocked Down". In July 2006, they embarked on an Australian tour with support from Goons of Doom. They then went on a Canadian tour with Circle Jerks, Ignite, and Brown Brigade, before playing a few East Coast US shows.

Critical reception
Drowned in Sound wrote that the songs are "all fantastically brilliant tunes for sure, they all have the ability to entwine themselves into a teenage summer and they're all hugely sing-along-able."

Personnel

 * Jim Lindberg – vocals
 * Fletcher Dragge – guitar, vocals
 * Randy Bradbury – bass
 * Byron McMackin – drums

title: The Fuse (album)


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Joachim Patinir

Joachim Patinir, also called Patenier (c. 1480 – 5 October 1524), was a Flemish Renaissance painter of history and landscape subjects. He was Flemish, from the area of modern Wallonia, but worked in Antwerp, then the centre of the art market in the Low Countries. Patinir was a pioneer of landscape as an independent genre and he was the first Flemish painter to regard himself primarily as a landscape painter. He effectively invented the world landscape, a distinct style of panoramic northern Renaissance landscapes which is Patinir's important contribution to Western art. His work marks an important stage in the development of the representation of perspective in landscape painting.

Patinir was a friend of not only Dürer, but also of the leading Antwerp painter Quentin Metsys, with whom he often collaborated. The Temptation of St Anthony (Prado) was executed in collaboration with Metsys, who added the figures to Patinir's landscape. His career was nearly contemporary with that of Albrecht Altdorfer, the other major pioneer of paintings dominated by the landscape, who worked in a very different style. He may have been the uncle of Herri met de Bles, but there is not a single piece of contemporary evidence to support it. De Bles was probably only 14(?) when Patinir died, and his style was quite different, although both came from Dinant. The latter is the only fact connecting the two artists at the moment.

Life and work

Originally from Dinant or Bouvignes in present-day Wallonia, Belgium, Patinir was registered as a member of Antwerp's Guild of Saint Luke in 1515. He lived and worked in Antwerp for the rest of his life. He may have initially studied in Bruges with Gerard David, who registered as a member of the Antwerp Guild in the same year as Patinir. In 1511, Patinir is believed to have travelled to Genoa with David and Adrien Ysenbrandt.

Patinir married first to Francisca Buyst, a daughter of the painter Edward Buyst of Dendermonde. After the death of his first wife he married Johanna Noyts, on 5 May 1521. Patinir's friend Albrecht Dürer attended his second wedding and painted his portrait. Dürer called Patinir "der gute Landschaftsmaler" ("the good landscape painter"), thus creating a new word for this type of painter. He had three daughters, two from the first marriage and one from the second. He operated a large workshop with assistants in Antwerp but he is not known to have registered any pupils with the Antwerp guild.

Patinir died in Antwerp in 1524. Quentin Metsys became the guardian of his daughters.

Work
There are only five paintings signed by Patinir, but many other works have been attributed to him or his workshop with varying degrees of probability. The ones that are signed read: (Opus) Joachim D. Patinier, the "D" in his signature signifying Dionantensis ("of Dinant"), reflecting his place of origin. A 2007 exhibition at the Museo del Prado in Madrid displayed 21 pictures listed as by Patinir or his workshop, and catalogued a further eight which were not in the exhibition.

Patinir often let his landscapes dwarf his figures, which are of very variable quality. The larger ones were sometimes painted by other artists. Such specialisation had become common in the Low Countries at the time. Many of his works are unusually large for Netherlandish panel paintings of the time.

Patinir's large vistas combine observation of naturalistic detail with lyrical fantasy. The steep outcrops of rocks in his landscapes are more spectacular versions of the group of very individual formations just around his native Dinant. These became a part of the world landscape formula, and are found in the works of many painters who never saw the originals. His landscapes use a high viewpoint with a high horizon, but his grasp of aerial perspective is far from complete. He uses a consistent and effective colour scheme in his landscapes, which was influential on later landscape painting. The foreground is dominated by brownish shades, while "the middle ground [is] a bluish green and the background a pale blue", creating an effective sense of recession into the distance; "When combined with the frequently hard-toned browns, greens and blues that alternate with significant areas of white, a sense of impending doom is created by the threatening clouds, the capricious and sharply pointed contours of the rocks and the crowding together of natural elements."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Joachim Patinir


text:
Talk:The Fuse (album)

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title: Talk:The Fuse (album)


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Sick: The Life and Death of Bob Flanagan, Supermasochist

Sick: The Life and Death of Bob Flanagan, Supermasochist is a 1997 documentary film directed by Kirby Dick about Bob Flanagan, a Los Angeles writer, poet, performance artist, comic, and BDSM celebrity, who had and later died of cystic fibrosis. The film premiered at the 1997 Sundance Film Festival, where it was awarded a Special Jury Prize.

Synopsis
The film chronicles Flanagan for several years leading up to his death in 1996. It explores various aspects of his life, artwork, and philosophy through interviews and other personal footage depicting Flanagan, his wife Sheree Rose, and the Flanagan family. Sick also features Flanagan's home movies, performance videos, and video diaries, as well as an excerpt of Flanagan's performance in the music video for "Happiness in Slavery" by Nine Inch Nails.

In the film, Flanagan explains his use of BDSM for sexual gratification and also as a therapeutic device to take control over his body from cystic fibrosis. He discusses his conceptual, performance, and video art, which often relates to pain, illness, medicine, and sexuality. Flanagan also serves as a camp counselor for children with cystic fibrosis and meets with a young woman with cystic fibrosis who visits him under the auspices of the Make-A-Wish Foundation.

Sick details Flanagan's lifelong struggle with cystic fibrosis, as well as his eventual death. Flanagan had agreed to participate in the film under the condition that his death be included in the final project.

Reception
Sick was a surprise hit at the 1997 Sundance Film Festival, where it received a Special Jury Prize. It was also awarded the Grand Prize at the Los Angeles Film Festival. This was another surprise for Dick, who had planned to skip the awards ceremony.

Film critics responded positively to the film. Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times and Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times praised the film for its careful portrayal of Flanagan's struggles and his relationship with Rose. The San Francisco Chronicle Edward Guthmann said the film, "does a remarkable thing in presenting extreme, sometimes revolting material and simultaneously making us like and admire Flanagan. True, he was a madman and exhibitionist; but he was also a gifted writer who was committed to taking risks, confronting death and living life on his own terms."


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Benimantell

Benimantell is a Valencian town and municipality located in the comarca of Marina Baixa, in the province of Alicante, Spain. Benimantell has an area of 37.9 km2 and, according to the 2002 census, a total population of 378 inhabitants. The economy of Benimantell is exclusively based on agriculture (almonds and olives). The most important monument in the town is the Catholic church of Sant Vicent Màrtir, with a hexagonal tower.

title: Benimantell


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Saavedra position

The Saavedra position is one of the best-known chess endgame studies. It is named after the Spanish priest Fernando Saavedra (1849–1922), who lived in Glasgow during the late 19th century. Though not a strong player, he spotted a win involving a dramatic underpromotion in a position previously thought to have been a draw.

The Saavedra position has inspired many chess composers. There are only four pieces, yet there are both tricks and counter-tricks, challenging a composer's imagination as to just what might be achievable with a full set of pieces. It is among a minority of positions where king and pawn can win against a king and rook, and one of the most famous examples of underpromotion in chess. It is also a rare example of a player being famous for a single move.

Solution
The position as it is usually given today, with White to move and win, is shown in the diagram. The solution is:
 * 1. c7 Rd6+ 2. Kb5

(If 2.Kc5 then Rd1 threatening a skewer via 3...Rc1; if instead 2.Kb7? then Rd7 pins the pawn, allowing Black to capture it to assure a draw.)
 * 2... Rd5+

Or 2...Rd2 3.c8=Q Rb2+ 4.Ka4 Ra2+ 5.Kb3 Rb2+ 6.Kc3 and White wins. Note that if Black's king were on b1, 6...Rc2+ would win, so White must acquiesce to a draw by perpetual check.
 * 3. Kb4 Rd4+ 4. Kb3 Rd3+ 5. Kc2

It looks like Black is out of squares, but he has one last attempt.
 * 5...Rd4

Now if 6. c8=Q? Rc4+! 7.Qxc4 is stalemate.
 * 6. c8=R!!

This is the move that Saavedra introduced. White threatens 7. Ra8+ and mate. Material is even, but the unfortunate positions of Black's king and rook doom him to a loss.
 * 6... Ra4 7. Kb3

Black must either lose the rook (allowing White an elementary checkmate) or be checkmated by 8.Rc1.

History
The long history of the study has its origins in a game played between Richard Fenton and William Potter in 1875. From the position shown, the game continued 1.Rxh3 Kxh3 2.Kc6 Rxa5 3.b7 Ra6+ and the players agreed a draw. However, as Johannes Zukertort pointed out in the City of London Chess Magazine, 1875, White could have won with 4.Kc5 (not 4.Kb5 Ra1 when White cannot promote the pawn because of 5...Rb1+) 4...Ra5+ 5.Kc4 Ra4+ 6.Kc3 (or 6.Kb3 Ra1 7.Kb2) 6...Ra3+ 7. Kb2, and White will promote the pawn when the queen versus rook endgame is a theoretical win (this winning method had earlier been demonstrated in a study by Josef Kling and Bernhard Horwitz published in The Chess Player, September 1853).

Upon Potter's death in March 1895, G.E. Barbier published a position in his Glasgow Weekly Citizen chess column of April 27, 1895, which he claimed to have occurred in Fenton–Potter. In fact, he had misremembered the game, and the position he published (see diagram) had never arisen. It was published as a study with Black to play and White to win; the technique is just that demonstrated by Zukertort and by Kling and Horwitz before him: '''1... Rd6+ 2. Kb5 Rd5+ 3. Kb4 Rd4+ 4. Kb3 Rd3+ 5. Kc2'''.

When Barbier published this solution on May 4, he claimed that by moving the black king from h6 to a1 the position could be transformed into a "Black to move and draw" study. On May 11 he gave the solution '''1... Rd6+ 2. Kb5 Rd5+ 3. Kb4 Rd4+ 4. Kb3 Rd3+ 5. Kc2 Rd4! 6. c8=Q Rc4+ 7. Qxc4 stalemate; however, as Saavedra pointed out, 6. c8=R''' instead wins, a solution published by Barbier on May 18. Saavedra, a Spanish priest who lived in Glasgow at the time, was a weak amateur player; his sole claim to fame in the chess world is his discovery of this move. The modern form of the position was obtained by Emanuel Lasker (in The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, June 1, 1902, p. 53) by moving the c7-pawn back to c6 and changing the stipulation to the standard "White to play and win".

Alternate line
As computer-generated endgame tablebases confirm, Black can offer longer resistance by 3...Kb2, for which White has only one winning reply, 4.c8=Q, promoting to a queen instead of the underpromotion to a rook. Then White can force checkmate on the twenty-sixth move. However, per the normal conventions of endgame studies, moves that result in positions known to be theoretically lost, such as the resulting queen versus rook endgame, are considered sidelines.

Legacy
The study has been widely reproduced, and in Test Tube Chess, John Roycroft calls it "unquestionably the most famous of all endgame studies". It has inspired many other composers: the many promotions in the studies of Harold Lommer, for example, were inspired by the Saavedra position. Mark Liburkin was also one such composer. Plaskett's Puzzle is yet another famous endgame problem that features underpromotion prominently.

A number of composers have produced work which elaborates on the basic Saavedra idea. The study shown to the left is the most famous of these; it is by Mark Liburkin (second prize, Shakhmaty v SSSR, 1931) and is White to play and win. After the first move 1.Nc1, Black has two main defences; the first of these shows the Saavedra theme: 1.Nc1 Rxb5 (1...Kb2 2.Nd3+ wins) 2.c7 Rd5+ 3.Nd3! Rxd3+ 4.Kc2 Rd4 and we have a position already seen in the Saavedra position itself; White wins with 5.c8=R Ra4 6.Kb3.

The other Black defence features two new stalemate defences, and a second underpromotion, this time to bishop; this is why this study is well-known while many other elaborations on the Saavedra position are forgotten: 1.Nc1 Rd5+ 2.Kc2 (2.Nd3? Rxd3+ 3.Kc2 Rd5! 4.Kc3 Rxb5 draws; 2.Ke2? Rxb5 3.c7 Re5+ draws) 2...Rc5+ 3.Kd3! (3.Kd2? Rxb5 4.c7 [4.Nb3+ Rxb3 5.c7 Rb2+! – see below] Rb2+! 5.Kd1 Rc2! 6.Kxc2 stalemate) 3...Rxb5 (3...Rxc1 4.Kd4, intending 5.Kd5 and 6.b6, wins) 4.c7 Rb8! and now both 5.cxb8=Q and 5.cxb8=R are stalemate, 5.cxb8=N leaves a drawn ending, and 5.Nb3+ Rxb3+ 6.Kc2 Rb2+! 7.Kc1 (7.Kc3 Kb1! and Black wins) only draws after 7...Rb1+ or 7...Rb4 8.c8=Q (8.c8=R Ra4 is safe now) Rc4+. White can only win by 5.cxb8=B! followed by a bishop and knight checkmate.

title: Saavedra position


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Nathaniel Benchley

Nathaniel Goddard Benchley (November 13, 1915 – December 14, 1981) was an American author from Massachusetts.

Early life
Born in Newton, Massachusetts to a literary family, he was the son of Robert Benchley (1889–1945), a noted American writer, humorist, critic, and actor and one founder of the Algonquin Round Table in New York City, and Gertrude Darling. He graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy and Harvard College.

Benchley enlisted in the U.S. Navy prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor. He served as a public relations officer, and on destroyers and patrol craft for North Atlantic convoy duty during the Battle of the Atlantic, and was transferred to the Pacific Theater in 1945.

Writing career
After the war Benchley worked for the weekly magazine Newsweek as an assistant drama editor. Harcourt, Brace published Benchley's first book in 1950, Side Street, a novel featuring "hilarious activities of two New York City families living in the East Sixties" —that is, living on the East Side of Manhattan near 60th Street. He wrote a biography of his father Robert that McGraw-Hill published in 1955. In 1960 Harper & Row published his second novel, Sail A Crooked Ship, and Random House his first children's book, retold from Sindbad the Sailor with illustrations by Tom O'Sullivan.

Benchley was the respected author of much children's fiction that provides readers an experience of certain animal species, historical settings, and so on (Oscar Otter, Sam The Minuteman, etc). He presented diverse locales and topics: for instance, Bright Candles recounts the experiences of a 16-year-old Danish boy during the German occupation of Denmark in World War II; Small Wolf features a Native American boy who meets white men on the island of Manhattan and learns that their ideas about land are different from those of his own people.

Sail A Crooked Ship was adapted as a comedy feature movie of the same name by Columbia Pictures in 1961. His 1961 novel The Off-Islanders was made into comedy feature The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming by director/producer Norman Jewison in 1965. The Visitors (1965) was adapted as a horror/comedy feature The Spirit Is Willing by Paramount Pictures in 1967. In October 1975, ABC showed the made-for-television drama Sweet Hostage, based on Benchley's 1968 novel Welcome To Xanadu.

Benchley was a friend of the actor Humphrey Bogart and wrote a biography of Bogart published in 1975.

Personal life
Benchley and Margaret Bradford were married not long after his college years. They settled in New York City and had two sons, one before and one after World War II. Elder son Peter Benchley (1940–2006) was a writer, known best for the novel Jaws and the screenplay for its Steven Spielberg movie, 1975's Jaws. Younger son Nat Benchley is a writer and actor who has portrayed his grandfather, Robert Benchley, in a one-man, semi-biographical stage show, Benchley Despite Himself. The show was a compilation of Robert Benchley's best monologues, short movies, radio rantings, and pithy pieces as recalled, edited, and acted by grandson Nat, combined with family reminiscences and friends' perspectives.

Nathaniel Benchley died 1981 in Boston and was interred in the family plot at Prospect Hill Cemetery in Nantucket.

Novels

 * Side Street (Harcourt, Brace, 1950)
 * A Firm Word or Two (1958)

 * Catch a Falling Spy (1964)
 * A Winter's Tale (1964)
 * The Visitors (1965)
 * A Winter's Tale (1964)
 * The Visitors (1965)

 * The Monument : A Satiric Novel (1966)
 * Welcome to Xanadu (1968)
 * The Wake of the Icarus (1969)
 * Lassiter's Folly (1971)
 * The Hunters Moon  (1972)

 * A Necessary End: A Novel of World War II (1976)
 * Sweet Anarchy (1979)
 * Portrait of a Scoundrel (1979)
 * All Over Again (1981)
 * Speakeasy (1982)

Non-fiction

 * The Benchley Roundup: A Selection by Nathaniel Benchley of His Favorites (1954), by Robert Benchley,
 * Humphrey Bogart (1975)
 * Humphrey Bogart (1975)

Essays and reporting

 * "Introduction", Twentieth Century Parody, American and British, ed. Burling Lowrey (1960),

Plays

 * The frogs of spring, a comedy in three acts (1954) https://lccn.loc.gov/54036696

Children's books

 * Welcome to Xanadu (1968)
 * The Flying Lesson of Gerald Pelican (1970), illus. Mamoru Funai
 * Feldman Fieldmouse: A Fable (1971), illus. Hilary Knight
 * Gone and Back (1971) – Oklahoma "pioneer adventure of Obediah Taylor, a boy reaching manhood"
 * The Magic Sled (1972), illus. Mel Furukawa; UK title, The Magic Sledge
 * Only Earth and Sky Last Forever (1972) – "Although recognizing the end of the Indians' freedom is near, a young Cheyenne still chooses to fight with Crazy Horse",
 * The Deep Dives of Stanley Whale (1973), illus. Mischa Richter
 * Bright Candles: A Novel of the Danish Resistance (1974) – features "a sixteen-year-old Danish boy during the German occupation",
 * Beyond the Mists: A Novel (1975) – features "an adventurous youth who travels to Vinland with Leif Eriksson",
 * Kilroy and the Gull (1977), illus. John Schoenherr – a Marineland killer whale "escapes to life on the open sea with his friend Morris the sea gull",
 * Demo and the Dolphin (1981), illus. Stephen Gammell
 * Snip (1981), illus. Irene Trivas
 * Walter, the Homing Pigeon (1981), illus. Whitney Darrow
 * Walter, the Homing Pigeon (1981), illus. Whitney Darrow

 * I Can Read series

 * Red Fox and His Canoe (1964), illustrated by Arnold Lobel
 * Oscar Otter (1966), illus. Lobel
 * The Strange Disappearance of Arthur Cluck (1967), illus. Lobel
 * A Ghost Named Fred (1968), illus. Ben Shecter
 * Sam, the Minuteman (1969), illus. Lobel
 * The Several Tricks of Edgar Dolphin (1970), illus. Mamoru Funai
 * Small Wolf (1972), illus. Joan Sandin
 * Snorri and the Strangers (1976), illus. Don Bolognese
 * George, the Drummer Boy (1977), illus. Bolognese
 * Running Owl the Hunter (1979), illus. Funai

title: Nathaniel Benchley


text:
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 * You may want to add yourself to the new user log.
 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.
 * If you're still entirely confused, or would like to get a better grasp of your wikipedia skills, and you have an IRC client (or don't mind getting one), check out the Bootcamp. It's not what it sounds like, but it is fun and can help you with your editing skills.
 * If you're bored and want to find something to do, try the Random page button in the sidebar, or check out the Open Task message in the Community Portal.

Happy Wiki-ing.
— Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ)  15:03, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the welcome. --Frostyservant 22:10, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I'm pretty sure the Special:Randompage works by some algorithm concerning the links within pages. If you'll notice, you will see how repeatedly clicking it will open articles distantly, but in a distinct way, possibly linked to your article. I believe this lends credence to the Six degrees of Wikipedia hypothesis.--naryathegreat | (talk) 05:18, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Frostyservant


text:
Perverse sheaf

The mathematical term perverse sheaves refers to the objects of certain abelian categories associated to topological spaces, which may be a real or complex manifold, or more general topologically stratified spaces, possibly singular.

The concept was introduced in the work of Joseph Bernstein, Alexander Beilinson, and Pierre Deligne (1982) as a consequence of the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence, which establishes a connection between the derived categories regular holonomic D-modules and constructible sheaves. Perverse sheaves are the objects in the latter that correspond to individual D-modules (and not more general complexes thereof); a perverse sheaf is in general represented by a complex of sheaves. The concept of perverse sheaves is already implicit in a 75's paper of Kashiwara on the constructibility of solutions of holonomic D-modules.

A key observation was that the intersection homology of Mark Goresky and Robert MacPherson could be described using sheaf complexes that are actually perverse sheaves. It was clear from the outset that perverse sheaves are fundamental mathematical objects at the crossroads of algebraic geometry, topology, analysis and differential equations. They also play an important role in number theory, algebra, and representation theory.

Preliminary remarks
The name perverse sheaf comes through rough translation of the French "faisceaux pervers". The justification is that perverse sheaves are complexes of sheaves which have several features in common with sheaves: they form an abelian category, they have cohomology, and to construct one, it suffices to construct it locally everywhere. The adjective "perverse" originates in the intersection homology theory, and its origin was explained by.

The Beilinson–Bernstein–Deligne definition of a perverse sheaf proceeds through the machinery of triangulated categories in homological algebra and has a very strong algebraic flavour, although the main examples arising from Goresky–MacPherson theory are topological in nature because the simple objects in the category of perverse sheaves are the intersection cohomology complexes. This motivated MacPherson to recast the whole theory in geometric terms on a basis of Morse theory. For many applications in representation theory, perverse sheaves can be treated as a 'black box', a category with certain formal properties.

Definition and examples
A perverse sheaf is an object C of the bounded derived category of sheaves with constructible cohomology on a space X such that the set of points x with
 * $$H^{-i}(j_x^*C)\ne 0 $$ or $$H^{i}(j_x^!C)\ne 0$$

has real dimension at most 2i, for all i. Here jx is the inclusion map of the point x.

If X is a smooth complex algebraic variety and everywhere of dimension d, then
 * $$\mathcal F[d]$$

is a perverse sheaf for any local system $$\mathcal F$$. If X is a flat, locally complete intersection (for example, regular) scheme over a henselian discrete valuation ring, then the constant sheaf shifted by $$\dim X+1$$ is an étale perverse sheaf.

A simple example
Let X be a disk around the origin in $$\mathbb{C}$$ stratified so that the origin is the unique singular stratum. Then the category of perverse sheaves on X is equivalent to the category of diagrams of vector spaces $$V \overset{u}\underset{v}\rightleftarrows W$$ where $$\operatorname{id} - u \circ v$$ and $$\operatorname{id} - v \circ u$$ are invertible. More generally, quivers can be used to describe perverse sheaves.

Properties
The category of perverse sheaves is an abelian subcategory of the (non-abelian) derived category of sheaves, equal to the core of a suitable t-structure, and is preserved by Verdier duality.

The bounded derived category of perverse l-adic sheaves on a scheme X is equivalent to the derived category of constructible sheaves and similarly for sheaves on the complex analytic space associated to a scheme X/C.

Applications
Perverse sheaves are a fundamental tool for the geometry of singular spaces. Therefore, they are applied in a variety of mathematical areas. In the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence, perverse sheaves correspond to regular holonomic D-modules. This application establishes the notion of perverse sheaf as occurring 'in nature'. The decomposition theorem, a far-reaching extension of the hard Lefschetz theorem decomposition, requires the usage of perverse sheaves. Hodge modules are, roughly speaking, a Hodge-theoretic refinement of perverse sheaves. The geometric Satake equivalence identifies equivariant perverse sheaves on the affine Grassmannian $$Gr_G$$ with representations of the Langlands dual group of a reductive group G - see. A proof of the Weil conjectures using perverse sheaves is given in.

String theory
Massless fields in superstring compactifications have been identified with cohomology classes on the target space (i.e. four-dimensional Minkowski space with a six-dimensional Calabi-Yau (CY) manifold). The determination of the matter and interaction content requires a detailed analysis of the (co)homology of these spaces: nearly all massless fields in the effective physics model are represented by certain (co)homology elements.

However, a troubling consequence occurs when the target space is singular. A singular target space means that only the CY manifold part is singular as the Minkowski space factor is smooth. Such a singular CY manifold is called a conifold as it is a CY manifold that admits conical singularities.

Andrew Strominger observed (A. Strominger, 1995) that conifolds correspond to massless blackholes. Conifolds are important objects in string theory: Brian Greene explains the physics of conifolds in Chapter 13 of his book The Elegant Universe —including the fact that the space can tear near the cone, and its topology can change. These singular target spaces, i.e. conifolds, correspond to certain mild degenerations of algebraic varieties which appear in a large class of supersymmetric theories, including superstring theory (E. Witten, 1982).

Essentially, different cohomology theories on singular target spaces yield different results thereby making it difficult to determine which theory physics may favor. Several important characteristics of the cohomology, which correspond to the massless fields, are based on general properties of field theories, specifically, the (2,2)-supersymmetric 2-dimensional world-sheet field theories. These properties, known as the Kähler package (T. Hubsch, 1992), should hold for singular and smooth target spaces. Paul Green and Tristan Hubsch (P. Green & T. Hubsch, 1988) determined that the manner in which you move between singular CY target spaces require moving through either a small resolution or deformation of the singularity (T. Hubsch, 1992) and called it the 'conifold transition'.

Tristan Hubsch (T. Hubsch, 1997) conjectured what this cohomology theory should be for singular target spaces. Tristan Hubsch and Abdul Rahman (T. Hubsch and A. Rahman, 2005) worked to solve the Hubsch conjecture by analyzing the non-transversal case of Witten's gauged linear sigma model (E. Witten, 1993) which induces a stratification of these algebraic varieties (termed the ground state variety) in the case of isolated conical singularities.

Under certain conditions it was determined that this ground state variety was a conifold (P. Green & T.Hubsch, 1988; T. Hubsch, 1992) with isolated conic singularities over a certain base with a 1-dimensional exocurve (termed exo-strata) attached at each singular point. T. Hubsch and A. Rahman determined the (co)-homology of this ground state variety in all dimensions, found it compatible with Mirror symmetry and String Theory but found an obstruction in the middle dimension (T. Hubsch and A. Rahman, 2005). This obstruction required revisiting Hubsch's conjecture of a Stringy Singular Cohomology (T. Hubsch, 1997). In the winter of 2002, T. Hubsch and A. Rahman met with R.M. Goresky to discuss this obstruction and in discussions between R.M. Goresky and R. MacPherson, R. MacPherson made the observation that there was such a perverse sheaf that could have the cohomology that satisfied Hubsch's conjecture and resolved the obstruction. R.M. Goresky and T. Hubsch advised A. Rahman's Ph.D. dissertation on the construction of a self-dual perverse sheaf (A. Rahman, 2009) using the zig-zag construction of MacPherson-Vilonen (R. MacPherson & K. Vilonen, 1986). This perverse sheaf proved the Hübsch conjecture for isolated conic singularities, satisfied Poincaré duality, and aligned with some of the properties of the Kähler package. Satisfaction of all of the Kähler package by this Perverse sheaf for higher codimension strata is still an open problem. Markus Banagl (M. Banagl, 2010; M. Banagl, et al., 2014) addressed the Hubsch conjecture through intersection spaces for higher codimension strata inspired by Hubsch's work (T. Hubsch, 1992, 1997; P. Green and T. Hubsch, 1988) and A. Rahman's original ansatz (A. Rahman, 2009) for isolated singularities.

title: Perverse sheaf


text:
User talk:Ddawson

Welcome!
[I've removed Ilyanep's very nice but lengthy welcome message, since I feel I've been here long enough. If you really want to see it, you can always look in the page history. Ddawson 01:07, 6 August 2005 (UTC)]

Thank you, Ilyanep. Very nice overview. I've already started to get the hang of things, though I didn't know there was a new user log. Ddawson 16:03, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * No problem...Hope to see you later!  —  Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ)  01:07, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Anyway, comments go here: ↓

thanks
Thanks for the note on the Wikipedian musicians category; I would never have noticed otherwise! Oh, and welcome to Wikipedia: it's pretty much fun here. :-) Happy editing, Antandrus 15:33, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Double thanks for the tip on the new category. Off to fix it now.  Take care! - Lucky 6.9 04:15, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Category:Millennial Wikipedians
Category:Millennial Wikipedians has been listed on categories for deletion. Since you are using it on your user page please weigh in on the vote and that of the other generational categories here. Thanks. -JCarriker 20:10, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

On User instruments
You wrote the following on my talk page:

I see you've gone ahead and started working on the User instruments templates. I think most of them are okay (good catch boldfacing the skill words, instruments, etc., for instance). There are a couple of them that I disagree with, however.
 * You changed the link on 'professional' in User instrument subcategory/4 to link to the subcategory. However, there is a reason I linked it to the article professional; I would link the words in the other three templates to articles, if I knew what to link to (novice is inappropriate, for instance). User instrument/1 is a redirect to User instrument subcategory/1 and on through 3 (but not 4) because I realized after making the subcategory/n templates that I could reuse them; if in the future appropriate articles are found for 'novice', 'intermediate', and 'advanced', it will be necessary to un-redirect the user-page templates. But perhaps you feel 'professional' shouldn't be linked that way?
 * You reverted my removal of 'the' from User instrument category. It's probably not apparent to you (it wasn't to me initially), but there is a slight problem if someone wants to use a mass noun (such as 'percussion'); in that case, putting 'the' before it is awkward ("These users play the percussion..." See?). In fact, someone does want 'percussion'. On the other hand, I don't think leaving it out makes the phrase awkward, so it's best to leave it out.

Ddawson 06:43, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I totally disagree with your first point. Linking the levels with the level-specific subcategories conforms with the standard used for user language templates (e.g. User en-4). There should be at least this much uniformity in the various Babel templates. It is also much more useful for other Wikipedians to get a direct link to the relevant category in order to see which other users play the instrument at this level, rather than being told what a professional is (most users are familiar with the word's definition and would, I believe, rather have information that is more relevant and specific to the skills of the user in question).

 * When it comes to the definite article in the instrument categories, I do find sentences like "These users play clarinet" much less natural than "These users play the clarinet". In special cases like percussion, one could simply use the raw code for the little green box at the top of the category and subsequently add CategoryTOC below, as there won't be many such cases. (In fact, that of percussion may be the only one.)

 * Krun 15:25, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for letting me know about your changes to the User Instruments system. I got only very limited interest for a long while after I put up the first templates (along with some criticism from people who thought it unencyclopaedic and a waste of resources) so it kind of fell by the wayside at my end. It's nice to see someone's adopted the project and it seems to have taken off nicely now, so I'll see if I can be of any use. I've been away from Wikipedia for a while (on holiday from Uni) but I should be back (at least from time to time) soon. Good luck and keep up the good work. Yummifruitbat 11:31, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

wikimusic
Hi, Ddawson, I saw you're interested in (classical) music. Maybe you would like to talk about the possible creating of a Wikimusic? There are no real plans right now, but we would like your imput! Please add you comment at this page, and put your name on the list if you want to stay informed. If you would want to, you can add your email as well. In front of you reaction I thank you for your enthousiasm. If you know someone who might be interested, don't hesitate, and give him/her the link! (http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/gebruiker:Effeietsanders/project:Wikimusic), even if they are not active on wikipedia. Spread the word!!! effeietsanders 13:57, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

How do I set up this matter:Wikipedians who have had paranrmal experiences/interested in the paranormal ?
How ? Do appreciate your honesty? The reason I had wanted to set up the catagory:"Wikipedians who have had paranormal experiences and/or is interested in the paranormal" is that, besides myself, I have located another Wikipedian who also had some paranormal experiences. YOU may be a third. Imagine that you're in a diner, and you see a catsup bottle moving by itself, and you have NOT ordered any drinks yet, or that you're at home, in bed and some female voice calls you and you see your clothing being removed by itself, or better yet, you're driving and you get picked up by aliens, or you're out hunting for deer during deer season, and you smell something really nasty,then you spot what people call a Sasquatch, or that you pass by a old battlefield, and you see period military personnel battling each other,and they're NOT actors of any sort.

Again, I do appreciate your honesty. Hope this does'nt blacken my clean record. I do NOT often see honest people anymore.I am new to this whole Wikipedia concept. Are you a Administrator, one of the BIG bosses ? Be nice to have one as a guide.Martial Law 22:07, 28 October 2005 (UTC) :)

 * Note: I fixed the heading for this section. There are certain things you can't break over multiple lines, and headings are among them. Please, check the results of your code using the 'Show preview' button, before you submit something. (It's not a big deal on a talk page, but it's more important when you edit articles.) Have you looked at Tutorial yet?

 * Now, if you don't mind me answering your questions out of order... Sorry to disappoint, but I do not fit your proposed category. But I can give some technical advice. The first thing I recommend is that you dramatically shorten the category's name; it's just too long, as demonstrated by your own difficulty in naming it consistently. You must be able to remember the exact name (including the case of every letter, as Wikipedia is case-sensitive (except on English Wikipedia, an initial letter is forced to uppercase)). If you can't name it consistently, you can end up with multiple pages with similar names, which is not what you want. Maybe something like "Wikipedians interested in the paranormal"; notice I dropped the mention of experience, as I suspect anyone with such experience will also have interest and thus fit in the category. In any case, it's important to use as few words as you can in the name.

 * As for how to start a category in general, I thought I already addressed that on your talk page, but I'll summarize here. It's very simple:
 * Place a link to the category, on the page you want in that category; this conventionally goes at the very end of the page (though it can go anywhere). So if I put the code on this page, then in Category:Foobar, there would be a link to User talk:Ddawson.
 * Highly recommended: create the category page itself. The way to create any page is very simple. Just enter the name you want in the search box. Assuming the page doesn't exist, you'll see a search results page with a link that allows you to create the page. Click on that, and you can start editing the new page. For a category, you can simply leave the page blank; the reason for creating a category page despite having nothing to put on it is to avoid red links.
 * Does this help you? Ddawson 22:16, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Appreciate the help. Are there any Wikipedians who are Prospectors, besides myself ? I need the article:Gold Prospectors Association of America examined for any problems. This is about a association of people who go all over the country prospecting for gold, other metals,fuels and the like, including meteorites.Martial Law 01:08, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia has a search feature. Unfortunately, it's not very good for finding things in the bodies of pages. Instead, try using Google. If you include the term "site:en.wikipedia.org" (no quotes necessary), Google will search only the English Wikipedia; you can also restrict search to any subdomain and/or path prefix that way. I suggest the query "site:en.wikipedia.org wikipedians prospectors" or something similar. Hmm, that one only returns 1 result. But I'm sure you'll come up with better queries. Ddawson 06:19, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

Appreciate the info.Martial Law 07:48, 1 November 2005 (UTC) :)

Article in need of cleanup - please assist if you can

 * (Subst'ed above template so it will stay the same here, as it should.) Well, looks like I missed this one; just logged in today and found the cleanup tag is already gone. Don't let that stop you in the future, though. Ddawson 18:57, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

Help me please
Hello there!! I am a Mexican student (at Tec de Monterrey) and also a new wikipedian. Can you help me please? I would like to ask you some questions. - I need to know about your college major or degree and also in which school did you studied. - I also need to know if you think it would be difficult for me to study there, as I am not a native English speaker. Thank you. --Flea 1100962 20:10, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Sorry for the slow response. Haven't logged in here for a while.
 * To your first request, look at my user page. If you would like to see where my university is located, go to the EWU article, and note the coordinates link above the infobox; click on the numbers, then choose one of the "Find this location" links under "Global systems" (the first one goes to Google maps, which I recommend).
 * As for difficulty, I really couldn't judge, even if I knew anything about your language comprehension. If you are not confident, I think english as a second language is offered here.
 * Something else to consider is that tuition is much higher for non-residents.
 * Anyway, I'm not really the person to ask, but I hope that was helpful. Ddawson 19:42, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

A response
Sorry I haven't responded to your earlier request. I had a lot of things going on and didn't have time to do so.

As for revising your edit of the Zip's Drive-In article, it was because the list provided in the chain's web site is not up-to-date. It doesn't mention the Ritzville, Washington franchise, and I have doubts it mentioned their newest Spokane, Washington store. Elwin Blaine Coldiron (talk) 04:15, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

Invitation to Meetup/Seattle6, a focus group
Hello. I know you are all the way in Spokane, but if you are in the area and can join us that would be great.

I'm part of a research group at the University of Washington (Seattle campus), and my group is reaching out to Wikipedians in the Puget Sound area. We're hosting a focus group designed to gather information on what Wikipedians would like to know about each other when interacting on Wikipedia. Our end goal is to create an embedded application that helps people quickly know more about others' history and activity on Wikipedia, and we feel our design will be much more useful if it's based on insights of users like you.

I'm hoping that the chance to help out local researchers, to engage in lively face-to-face discussion with other Seattle Wikipedians, and to contribute to Wikipedia in a new way will entice you to join us. The session lasts 2 hours and snacks are provided. Sessions will be held on UW Seattle campus - directions will be sent after registration. Your contribution will be greatly appreciated!

Willing and able to help us out? RSVP here. Want to know more? Visit our user talk page. Please help us contact other local Wikipedians, too! Commprac01 (talk) 01:37, 16 March 2009 (UTC)

NEW CATEGORY PAGE
Hello Washington-user!! What do you think of this category? Either on a scale of 1-10 or with commentary. Let me know through the "Special:EmailUser/" section. #TTiT# 10:42, 14 August 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by The-Traveller-in-Tacoma (talk • contribs)

title: User talk:Ddawson


text:
User talk:Billyswong~enwiki

— Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ)  15:06, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Billyswong. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Billyswong~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:38, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:03, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Billyswong~enwiki


text:
User talk:Daddysmutantkid

Welcome!

'''Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my New-Users' Talk Page.'''

Additional tips:
 * Here are some extra tips to help you get around Wikipedia:
 * If you want to play around with your new Wiki skills, try the Sandbox.
 * Click on the Edit button on a page, and look at how other editors did what they did.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: ~~~. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too. Always sign comments on Talk pages, never sign Articles.
 * You might want to add yourself to the New User Log
 * If your first language isn't English, try Contributing to articles outside your native language

Happy editing! Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 15:06, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Daddysmutantkid


text:
Seaborne Airlines

Seaborne Virgin Island Inc, operating as Seaborne Airlines, is a FAR Part 121 airline headquartered in Carolina, Puerto Rico, near the territory's capital of San Juan. It operates a seaplane shuttle service between St. Croix and St. Thomas. Originally headquartered on St. Croix in the US Virgin Islands, the company relocated to Puerto Rico in 2014.

Since April 2018, the airline has been owned by its parent company Silver Airways. Today, Silver Airways operates all new ATR42 and ATR72-600 aircraft to the destinations previously served by Seaborne from San Juan. Seaborne’s operations are now centrally operated from St Croix with daily flights to St Thomas on De Havilland DHC-6-300 aircraft. The United States Virgin Island’s only seaplane airline will be expanding seaplane service into 2024.

History
Seaborne Airlines was established in St. Croix, US Virgin Islands by founders Ken Dole and Charles Slagle in 1992. The airline initially operated seaplane sightseeing tours with De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otters, prior to obtaining its FAR Part 135 status and beginning scheduled passenger service in 1994. The airline later obtained its FAR Part 121 status on March 20, 1997. In 2000, the airline was purchased by a new group of investors who began the push from a pure seaplane business to include land-based flights. In 2001, the airline began seaplane service to San Juan, Puerto Rico, serving Fernando Luis Ribas Dominicci Airport, also known as Isla Grande Airport. In late 2008, the airline launched land-based air services to San Juan from both St. Thomas and St. Croix, under the "Seaborne Airshuttle" brand name.

On March 1, 2010, Seaborne Airlines announced Vieques, Puerto Rico as a new destination, with flights to Antonio Rivera Rodríguez Airport from both San Juan and St. Croix for launch on March 18. On December 15, 2010, the airline announced new services to San Juan's Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport from St. Croix, St. Thomas, and Vieques, for launch on January 12, 2011. On October 8, 2012, the airline announced new services to Tortola and Virgin Gorda on the British Virgin Islands, serving Terrance B. Lettsome and Virgin Gorda Airports with flights beginning on December 8. On April 1, 2013, Seaborne Airlines launched its first services with its new Saab 340B aircraft following FAA certification of the type in March. The Saab 340B was also launched alongside a new route to Portsmouth, Dominica, serving Melville Hall Airport (later renamed to Douglas–Charles Airport).

Starting in 2013, Seaborne Airlines began partnering with other airlines through interline and codeshare agreements, with American Airlines as its first partner with interlining agreements on February 14, 2013, followed by codeshare agreements on June 24, 2013. As part of the partnership, the schedules of Seaborne's new services from San Juan to both Pointe-à-Pitre and Fort-de-France in the French Caribbean (announced on March 25, 2013 before launch on June 1, 2013, following a two month delay in the start of service) were subsequently timed accordingly in the interest of convenient connections with American's San Juan flights. JetBlue became Seaborne's second airline partner, with an interlining agreement established between the two airlines in November 2013, later developing into a codeshare agreement in May 2015.

On October 23, 2013, Seaborne Airlines announced its first destination in the Dominican Republic, with service to La Romana International Airport beginning on December 12, 2013. On November 7, 2013, the airline announced new routes to Saint Kitts and Nevis, with service to both Robert L. Bradshaw and Vance W. Amory International Airports starting on January 15, 2014. On December 18, 2013, Seaborne Airlines announced it was relocating its headquarters from Christiansted, St. Croix to San Juan, the move of which was completed by March 2014. On January 27, 2014, the airline announced service to Santiago de los Caballeros and Punta Cana in the Dominican Republic, with flights to Santiago's Cibao International Airport starting on March 15, 2014, and flights to Punta Cana International Airport starting on February 14, 2014. The airline also launched flights from San Juan to Sint Maarten with flights to Princess Juliana International Airport on March 3, 2014, as well as flights to Santo Domingo with flights to Las Américas International Airport on April 17, 2014.

On March 10, 2014, Delta Air Lines became Seaborne's third airline partner through the establishment of an interline agreement, which later became a codeshare agreement in September 2016. On September 30, 2014, United Airlines joined as Seaborne's fourth airline partner with its own interlining agreement. On March 5, 2015, Seaborne announced Air Europa as its fifth airline partner, with the two airlines codesharing on Seaborne's flights from San Juan and Air Europa's flights from Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport to Santo Domingo's Las Américas International Airport, effective from March 29, 2015, although the codeshare agreement ended at a later date.

On February 18, 2015, Seaborne Airlines announced new services to Anguilla with flights to Clayton J. Lloyd International Airport, starting on April 30, 2015. On September 1, 2015, the airline announced new services to Antigua with flights V. C. Bird International Airport beginning on December 13, 2015. On June 14, 2017, following the year-long suspension of its Antigua services, the airline announced the resumption of services to Antigua for July 21, 2017. On March 8, 2017, Vieques Air Link became an airline partner of Seaborne with a codeshare agreement between the two airlines.

On January 8, 2018, Seaborne Airlines announced its restructuring plan under the Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Code following the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season, specifically Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria. The airline announced the acquirement of a $4.2 Million credit facility and entered a purchase agreement with Silver Airways, which was subject to the Court's approval and potential overbids. On March 28, 2018, it was announced that Seaborne was bought by Silver Airways, with the acquisition completed on April 22, 2018.

On August 28, 2019, it was announced that reservations for travel on Seaborne Airlines flights would be booked through the Silver Airways website, with Seaborne's reservation system integrated with Silver's on September 1, 2019.

Corporate affairs
The airline is headquartered in the CAF2 building on the grounds of Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport in Carolina, Puerto Rico.

Prior to Seaborne's acquisition by Silver Airways in 2018, Seaborne's president and chief executive officer (CEO) was Gary Foss. Following the acquisition, Steve Rossum, the CEO of Silver Airways, took over as CEO of the combined company. Mr Rossum appointed Thomas Hanley as the Executive Director of Seaborne in 2023 with designs of restoring Seaborne services, destinations, and expansion. Today, Seaborne provides the Virgin Island’s only seaplane airline service between St Thomas and St Croix daily, with new destinations in 2024.

Destinations
, Seaborne Airlines operates or has previously operated to the following listed destinations. The list does not include destinations served only by its parent company Silver Airways, with which the two airlines share operations based at Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport.

Interline agreements
The airline has interlining agreements with the following airlines:

 * United Airlines

Codeshare agreements
The airline has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:

 * American Airlines
 * Delta Air Lines
 * JetBlue
 * Silver Airways
 * Vieques Air Link

Current fleet

, the Seaborne Airlines fleet includes the following aircraft:

Fleet development

Seaborne Airlines' De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otters, leased from Kenn Borek Air, are equipped with Wipline 13000 floats. The Twin Otters provide near hourly service between seaplane bases at Chistiansted Harbor in St. Croix and Charlotte Amalie Harbor in St. Thomas.

Saab 340 aircraft began scheduled operations with the airline in April 2013, and served all land-based destinations and airports. Each aircraft had a different marine animal painted on the tailfin, consisting of a dolphin, lobster, manta ray, marlin, octopus, seahorse, sea turtle, or shark. Of the eight Saab 340s, six originally flew for American Eagle, while two were originally from Formosa Airlines. Prior to Seaborne's acquisition of its Saab 340s, the Twin Otters were used for both land and water operations.

title: Seaborne Airlines


text:
Talk:Internet in China

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This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 2 September 2021 and 13 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Eugenekim0604, Lfurtado00, Mdr190, Dimplepujara, Osiec242.

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Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 18 January 2021 and 14 May 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Serinali. Peer reviewers: Marisa Balades.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 00:41, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

"China"/"PRC" vs. "mainland China" for page titles
Following the long discussion at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Chinese) regarding proper titling of Mainland China-related topics, polls for each single case has now been started here. Please come and join the discussion, and cast your vote. Thank you. — Instantnood 15:07, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)

Merger
Perhaps this article should be merged with Internet censorship in the People's Republic of China? The content is basically duplicated. Either that, or this article should be rewritten to focus more on the development of the Internet in China in general, rather than the censorship. -- ran (talk) 21:20, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)

History
I added some information about the first connection of China to the Internet. If somebody has the time I suggest adding a history section to this article.

Here is the source for the Beijing-Karlsruhe link that connected China with the Internet: http://www.fgks.hpi.uni-potsdam.de/src/pubzorn/How_China/index.html

How about confirming the actual date? i noticed this webpage: http://www.danwei.org/internet/china_media_timeline_danwei_wo.php and there was a few other pages that supported this date(or at least in this year) so i thought the actual date should be confirmed.

This info maybe should also be added to the Chinese language Wikipedia GuntramGraef 15:02, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

The dates for the opening section should be checked. The introduction claims China was connected to the internet on Sept. 20th, but then goes on to claim the first email was sent three days prior on Sept. 17th. 166.94.128.10 (talk) 02:13, 4 April 2010 (UTC)

Anybody can find the CNNIC survey data?
I recall China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) reports the development of the Internet in China annually. But I don't know if they report in English or not.--Skyfiler 15:54, 19 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Added links to CNNIC reports.--Skyfiler 18:46, 22 May 2006 (UTC)
 * What does the internet penetration represent.... I mean it seems important, I'm left with the assumption that it has something to do with the actually level of content available to most china users.... but it's an assumption. One that is dangerous and shouldn't be made. But if internet penetration is a measurement of content not being censored, information available to the average user, then should it' be more thoroughly discussed; not only in this article but in the main articles of other countries (example internet censorship in the United States. On a side note I see that Youtube isn't listed on china's notable website censor list... I'd like to know more about this.--Sparkygravity (talk) 15:41, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

Psiphon
Psiphon is a software project designed by University of Toronto's Citizen Lab under the direction of Professor Ronald Deibert, Director of the Citizen Lab. Psiphon is a circumvention technology that works through social networks of trust and is designed to help Internet users bypass content-filtering systems setup by governments, such as China, North Korea, Iran, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and others. "We're aiming at giving people access to sites like Wikipedia," a free, user-maintained online encyclopedia, and other information and news sources, Michael Hull, psiphon's lead engineer, told CBC News Online.

Structure
"The interconnection between these networks is a big concern of Internet users, since Internet traffic via the global Internet is quite slow. However, major Internet services providers are reluctant to aid rivals[citation needed]." - I think this part should be deleted. No citation, just an assumption. My guess is, that the global internet traffic is slow because China only has three entry-points (because they need to be monitored). In fact, it has nothing to do with the networks within China, as this line tries to suggest. 136.199.201.142 (talk) 13:56, 10 April 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Internet in China. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121128121724/http://www1.cnnic.cn/IDR/ReportDownloads/201209/t20120928_36586.htm to http://www1.cnnic.cn/IDR/ReportDownloads/201209/t20120928_36586.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130810011557/http://www1.cnnic.cn/IDR/ReportDownloads/201302/P020130221391269963814.pdf to http://www1.cnnic.cn/IDR/ReportDownloads/201302/P020130221391269963814.pdf
 * Added tag to http://www.nanjingmarketinggroup.com/blog/15-years-chinese-internet-usage-13-pretty-graphs

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External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Internet in China. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20130101104447/http://big5.chinanews.com.cn:89/special/guoqing/60/2009/06-25/122.shtml to http://big5.chinanews.com.cn:89/special/guoqing/60/2009/06-25/122.shtml
 * Added tag to http://10.1016/j.telpol.2016.01.006
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070927030539/http://www.shjagh.gov.cn/test/yf/1_4/1_4new2.htm to http://www.shjagh.gov.cn/test/yf/1_4/1_4new2.htm

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title: Talk:Internet in China


text:
User talk:Toast

Welcome!

'''Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my New-Users' Talk Page.'''

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Happy editing! Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 15:07, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Toast


text:
Michael Eizenga

Michael Eizenga (born July 7, 1956) is a Canadian lawyer who served as president of the Liberal Party of Canada from 2003 to 2006.

Biography
Eizenga was born in London, Ontario.

Education and teaching career
Eizenga earned his B.A. (Hons.) at Huron University College before continuing his education at the Dallas Theological Seminary (Th.M.). On his return to Canada, he attended the University of Western Ontario and completed an M.A. in the Philosophy of Law (1986) and an LL.B. (1989).

Eizenga served on the Faculty of the Dallas Seminary from 1983-85. Since 1988 he has held several positions at the University of Western Ontario including Adjunct Professor in the Faculty of Law and as an instructor in the Department of Philosophy and the Department of Political Science. Eizenga currently teaches a Special Topics: Class Actions course at the University of Western Ontario, Faculty of Law.

Political career
Eizenga began his association with the Ontario Liberal Party in 1988 as the Executive Vice-President. During his tenure with the Provincial Party he served on the Campaign Committee and was the Constitutional and Legal Affairs Chair (1990–1992). From 1995-1997 he was the President of the Ontario Liberal Party.

In 2002, he began working with the Federal branch of the Party, was a member of the Constitution & Legal Affairs Committee, and was Secretary-Treasurer between September 2002 and November 2003, a critical period during the events of the sponsorship scandal. From 2003 to 2006 he was the President of the Liberal Party of Canada, In 2005, he announced as President that as a result of certain findings of the Gomery Commission, the Liberal Party would return $1.1 million in illegal contributions related to the sponsorship scandal that it had retained during his previous tenure as Secretary-Treasurer.

In 2008-2009 he was the National Co-Chair on the Michael Ignatieff Leadership Campaign.

Professional career
Eizenga is a partner in the Toronto office of Bennett Jones and is a former partner with the London, Ontario law firm Siskinds LLP. He specializes in class actions and complex litigation. He was the president of the Advocate’s Society from 2006-2008. He is co-author of "Class Actions Law and Practice" and co-edited "Readings in the Philosophy of Constitutional Law".

Other activities
Eizenga is currently a board member of Toronto Rehab and remains involved in Canadian politics and the Advocate's Society. In 2012, he travelled to Uganda with a group of other senior Toronto-based lawyers to assist War Child Canada.

Key cases
Amongst other cases, Eizenga was involved in Bendall v. McGhan Medical Corp., [1993] O.J. No. 1948. Bendall was one of the first class action suits brought pursuant to the Class Proceedings Act, 1992.

title: Michael Eizenga


text:
User talk:Massachusetts2005

Welcome!
Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! I hope you like this place — I sure do — and want to stay. Before getting too in-depth, you may want to read about the five pillars of Wikipedia. If you need help on how to title new articles check out the naming conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the manual of style. If you need help look at Help and the FAQ, plus if you can't find your answer there, check the Village Pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions)! There's still more help at the Tutorial and Policy Library. Plus, don't forget to visit the Community Portal. And if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my user talk page. ---

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— Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ)  15:08, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Image source
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Image:PhiBetaKappaKey2.gif
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Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Massachusetts2005! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

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 * 1) Paul Franco -

ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Massachusetts2005


text: User talk:163.195.192.74

title: User talk:163.195.192.74