text:
Talk:Cynic (band)

Untitled
in cynic it is said, there was a storm which destroyed the training room (?). That had lead to the end of the band. Someone who knows? --141.53.194.251 11:25, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Incorrect. The hurricane Andrew in August 1992 destroyed Jason Gobel's home (which also housed their training facilities) and forced them to postpone the recording of Focus until 1993. In this light the above claim simply cannot be true. --SirWoland 21:40, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

North American Tour
Some of the people below are taking Wikipedia WAY too seriously! An amusing read, nevertheless. I couldn't figure out what that "Terrorizor announces such and such tour" comment was about on the bottom of this page so I changed it to the North American tour with Meshuggah. This tour is common knowledge and can be found on Cynic's website. I was too lazy to add the footnote/reference. --24.18.230.39 (talk) 21:26, 14 December 2008 (UTC)

Copyvio reversion
It seems that on July 29, 2006, copyrighted material from allmusic.com was copied into the article. I have reverted the article to the state previous to that date. --Alvestrand 07:45, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Cynicband.jpg
Image:Cynicband.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot 10:38, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Cynicband.jpg
Image:Cynicband.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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Fair use rationale for Image:Cyniclogo.gif
Image:Cyniclogo.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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Genre
Especially on Focus, I always thought of Cynic to be more of a thrash band than death metal band. Besides, the archives lists them as both a thrash and death band. Therefore, I'll be adding thrash to the genre list. Sittingonfence (talk) 22:35, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

Spacing
I support the view of the editor from Alaska, the editor from Vancouver and the editor from Newfoundland who all agree that comma spacing is the preferred format. 209.226.190.118 (talk) 18:47, 25 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree with the consensus. 142.177.76.36 (talk) 18:57, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

 Blizzard Beast  ''$ODIN' 21:05, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

The associated RCU report clearly stated that the IPs who posted above were unrelated. Please do not leave false or dishonest posts that may cause a misinterpretation of a previous discussion. Anger22 (Talk 2 22) 21:11, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I did not say those things to be dishonest. At the time I thought what I said was true. Regardless, though, even if those users are not sockpuppets (though they edited the same pages in their few edits and gave similar edit summaries and both were also similar to Niderbib) it doesn't matter. The issue is being discussed elsewhere. And the first comment on this section is an obvious lie by that IP address. What editors is s/he even talking about? No one.  Blizzard Beast  ''$ODIN' 21:21, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

An obvious lie? It reads quite clearly. If you review the edit history of the article there were several IP edits over the course of 2 or 3 days. 1 IP was based in Alaska, 1 in Newfoundland and 1 in Vancouver. According to a geobytes search the IP editor posting the comment was based in Amherst, Nova Scotia. Several thousand miles and different ISP providers separate all of these IP editors. Multiple edits from several different editors established a consensus for the article as far as formatting goes. But 2 editors opposed the change. One editor was blocked recently for 48 hours with a warning that if he commit any more than a single rv on an article then he would be permanently blocked. The only other policy violation that took place on the page was that Landon1980 broke Wikipedia's WP:3RR policy in edit warring with the multiple IPs. For which he was not blocked. Both Landon1980 and the other edit warring user made accusations and personal attacks against User:Niderbib which turned out to be false and supported by the RCU check done on the IPs and the accused user. Do you require any more explanation? Feel free to ask and I will try and assist you. Anger22 (Talk 2 22) 21:40, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * You may be right, though I would have no idea how to check where an IP is from. But, somehow, I'd rather think that those IPs were very crafty and knew how to make their IPs jump (which is a possible thing) thus appearing to be from different areas. Maybe a bit extreme, but it's possible.  Blizzard Beast  ''$ODIN' 21:58, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I also find it extremely interesting that those two editors above and the editor from Alaska, the one from Newfoundland and the one from Vancouver all edited the same pages. Or at least, two of the same pages. There is a high number of coincidences here.  Blizzard Beast  ''$ODIN' 22:01, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

??All edited the same pages? The Vancouver editor has several thousand edits dating back a few years? The IP also seems to have quite a few thank you notes from a few administrators for their work fighting against vandalism and particularly against spam links on Wikipedia. Either way, the article has been locked from any contributions from anonymous editors. The makings of a good discussion for this minor issue were started (albeit in the wrong place) at the WP:METAL talk page. This discussion, however, degenerated rather quickly into a non-constructive debate which will accomplish nothing as it is relating only to heavy metal pages and not to music articles as a whole. Even if some sort of consensus came from the discussion it couldn't be used because whatever formatting rule is set for the musician infobox it has to apply to all genres. Keeping the discussion on the WP:METAL page is wasting a lot of time that could be used in a more constructive way. But I digress. Anger22 (Talk 2 22) 22:14, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I meant, they all happened to edit the same few pages recently. Anyways, indeed. As for the other stuff, I have no idea what to say. That might be something you would want to mention at WP:METAL. I've already said my piece there. I happen to think I'm a pretty good editor and the only area I've had problems in is with the genre delimiter issue. All my blocks are because of that issue. A conclusion needs to be reached so that there is no room for arguement and everyone follows the same rule. However, I have no clue as to how such a conclusion could be reached.  Blizzard Beast  ''$ODIN' 22:19, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I already commented in the discussion that that post was in the wrong place. All the editors involved would have to learn how to compromise rather than see it as black or white. The final solution must have uniformity across all music projects and it must not discriminate against any reader. I have read that complex coding can have a negative/harmful effect on visually impaired Wikipedia readers who are forced to use a reading software to assist them in their use of the encyclopedia. Simple punctuation does not hamper these readers in any way. So far I have not seen this point brought up in any of the most recent discussions although it has been brought up in other forums where the use of code has been limited. I can not verify if this is true as I do not use a reader assist software. If it were true then that should take importance over anyone's cosmetic peeves. But, like I said, I do not use any assistance software. As for this article I would question why someone has added Jazz fusion? I will assume it was added by someone who doesn't know what jazz fusion is. That is a very common mistake on Wikipedia. Anger22 (Talk 2 22) 22:43, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I didn't add that, but I assume that the person who did, did it under the assumption that Focus is Jazz fusion as it fuses element of Jazz with metal, which fits the definition of Jazz fusion.  Blizzard Beast  ''$ODIN' 22:51, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

It might fit the unreferenced/original research/incorrect Wikipedia definition of what jazz fusion is. But it does not fit in with what 'jazz fusion' is. Again, a common Wikipedia mistake. Wikipedia is abundant with errors. This is is pretty low on the spectrum. Anger22 (Talk 2 22) 23:14, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Agreed to all. Wikipedia has plenty of problems.  Blizzard Beast  ''$ODIN' 23:19, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

Cynic signed to Seasons of Mist
It sucks that nobody can edit the article until May 10. Oh well. If I remember, I will post that information on the page. Here is where I found that out:

Cynic Signs to Seasons of Mist: News @ metalstorm.ee

B T C 23:12, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

 * That article and the Cynic Myspace also mention the band has a new guitarist, Tymon Kruidenier who will be doing death vocals. Demonofthefall (talk) 10:28, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

Awesome. Thanks for that information. I'm going to visit their myspace profile soon equipped with this information. B T C 21:39, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

I'm Blocked
Dude, this sucks why can't I edit the page? Why is it blocked? Festering Rat Corpse (talk) 14:26, 7 May 2008 (UTC)
 * You're not the only one. Everyone is blocked from editing it. It's not personal or something. There was some edit warring on this page so they blocked everyone from editing it for a while.  Blizzard Beast  ''$ODIN' 19:28, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

I need to bring attention to an edit conflict that has lasted ever since September 19 (Eastern Time) and involves myself and two anonymous users.
Here's what's happening. In the genre section of the infobox, it states that Cynic's early demos are categorized as thrash metal. It used to be there uncontested. But an anonymous user took that away. I reverted that. He reverted my edit. What happened next was that I put the genre down and specified that the early demos for Cynic were thrash metal. The edit came with a source also. The anonymous user had enough guts to revert that edit, too, stating that the source didn't state the early demos were thrash metal (false) and that the source was unreliable. So, I reverted his edit stating that the source did indeed state that the early demos were thrash. What's next is that another anonymous user (maybe same guy, but probably another computer) also had the guts to revert that edit, stating that the source was unreliable. I reverted that, and as of the time this comment was written, that reversion I initiated is the most recent edit to the Cynic (band) article.

I want to get this edit conflict clarified because I simply don't get why that source wouldn't be a reliable source. Therefore, I want something to happen so that that part of the article can stay put. In case you didn't get my explanation in the first paragraph, here are the edits that I was talking about.

The time expressed is UTC time.

I want this edit conflict solved very soon. Thanks.

B T C 20:31, 21 September 2008 (UTC)

 * The source, from what I can tell, is either a fan page or the bands myspace. While offical sources are good for biographical reasons, when it comes to thinks like genres, many editors find them unhelpful. WP:RS says articles should use reliable, third-party, published sources. The band does not quailify as such. Futhermore, the source also state that cynic were brutal death metal, a claim which ubsurd, and the time frame which the source say cynic played the genre is too small to be notable. 137.186.49.185 (talk) 03:55, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

Okay then. Since you have some credibility there about Cynic having a demo absurdly considered brutal death metal, I will leave it be. I'll probably find some other source somethime that says Cynic's early demos are thrash metal. Encyclopaedia Metallum says the same thing, but since wikipedia does not include that site as a reliable source, I can't source that. B T C 22:05, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

Yet another genre conflict. This sucks.
Wiki Ibis and several anonymous users have edited the genre sectino of the infobox. This has been going on for a few days. That is ridiculous. I'm taking no part in this conflict. All I'm going to say is that it should be resolved soon, especially considering the fact that this isn't the first genre dispute on this page. B T C 22:48, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

Roadrunner demo
Why hasn't someone made a page for it? Doesn't it have a song not released on focus on it? Or am I wrong? Also it would seem the other two songs are very different sounding from the final product. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.210.144.196 (talk) 03:26, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Well, you are right about there being a song on the demo that was not on their album Focus (Pleading for Preservation, track 3). However, there it is kind of hard to have an article about any band's demo created and it actually surviving, because of some rule of wikipedia (it isn't impossible, though). I will probably try it out sometime soon. I don't know when, but it would be hopefully soon. B T C 21:48, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

David Senescu merge
I am for it. Not only are all four sentences unsourced, but I don't even know if he was a permanent member of either Cynic or Exivious. The article just says that he joined Cynic for their reunion tour. Also, the entirety of his stint with Exivious is stated as his being replaced by Tymon Kruidenier. Backtable Speak to meconcerning my deeds. 23:25, 14 June 2010 (UTC)

Overhaul
I've spent hours editing the article with Paul Masvidal this afternoon. He did not do this himself as he did not want a conflict of interest to occur (although it isn't specifically forbidden for folks to work on articles about themselves, as long as bona fide secondary sources are the basis), so I walked him through all changes being bolstered by refs. I purged extraneous, cluttered info, and added various wikilinks and refs. There is no OR. Some of my edit summaries will be meaningless as they are in-jokes I stuck in there in error as I spent the afternoon using one screen for editing, with around 10 open windows (including skype). I'll continue working on this as time permits. Hope the article has been improved. Cheers, A Sniper (talk) 02:18, 31 January 2011 (UTC)
 * You appear to be doing a fine job. Thanks. Backtable Speak to meconcerning my deeds. 03:56, 31 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks Backtable  - I appreciate the vote of confidence. A Sniper (talk) 04:02, 31 January 2011 (UTC)

Genre
As I've stated above, I did a major editing session with Paul Masvidal. He changed the genres to the self-identification of what the band is today: progressive rock, with elements of jazz, experimental and technical. Yes indeed they started out within much heavier circumstances, but the article needs to be based on what the act is today - an all-encompassing musical journey. With Tymon now out of the band, even the so-called death growls are permanently gone. In any case, the genres listed are what came from the refs provided, so as not to create a conflict of interest for Paul. Thanks. A Sniper (talk) 14:18, 10 February 2011 (UTC)
 * There needs to be some mention in the genres of the band's previous tech-death sound, otherwise you're misrepresenting 50% of the music the band has so far produced.86.160.118.150 (talk) 20:25, 13 May 2011 (UTC)
 * There is a musical style section to explain said subject. Also, this review of Traced in Air from seaoftranquility.com. describes Focus as "an important technical jazz/death metal release", so that could be of use. A Sniper has stated that he likes the genre line-up like this, since his above comment states that he has worked with Paul Masvidal on this Wikipedia page and that the genres displayed represent the sources supplied. The "technical death metal" labelling is something I have been thinking about, and how it is not in the infobox (it has been, but through a masked link). In the meantime, though, genres are separated by commas and not spacers; the comma format is endorsed at Template:Infobox album. Thank you. Backtable Speak to meconcerning my deeds. 20:56, 13 May 2011 (UTC)

New photo
Paul Masvidal just sent me a new photo from this year that he asked to be used to replace the one shot in Paris in 2010. Hope everyone likes it! :) A Sniper (talk) 22:49, 15 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I approve. Backtable Speak to meconcerning my deeds. 23:57, 15 April 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Cynic (band)


text:
Webberville

Webberville may refer to a location in the United States:

 * Webberville, Michigan
 * Webberville, Texas

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Webberville


text:
Glasgow United F.C.

Glasgow United Football Club are a Scottish football club based in Shettleston, in the East End of Glasgow. Nicknamed the Town, they were formed in 1903 as Shettleston Juniors Football & Athletic Club and renamed prior to the 2021–22 season. The club continues to play at Greenfield Park and currently competes in the West of Scotland League.

Shettleston reached the final of the 1958–59 Scottish Junior Cup, losing 2–1 to Irvine Meadow in front of a crowd of 65,211 fans at Hampden Park. Their fortunes have been mixed in recent years, flitting between the various divisions of the league they have been based in, although they managed to reach the semi-finals of the Scottish Junior Cup in 2000–01, and the quarter-finals of the same competition in 2001–02 and 2014–15.

The team have been led jointly since January 2017 by club owner Hugh Kelly and Bernard ‘Bernie’ Beacom. Kelly and Beacom replaced the previous management team of Peter Weatherson and Ryan McStay. On 26 January 2022, the club confirmed Rab Stevenson as their new manager.

The current squad includes rapist David Goodwillie, and the surrounding controversy has led to threats of eviction from their facilities by Glasgow City Council leader Susan Aitken. The club have declared that they 'are supporting David with his mental health and will continue to do so'.

Ground
Glasgow United play their games in Greenfield Park, situated in Old Shettleston Road, eastern Glasgow. The ground has a capacity of 1,800 and can seat 10 people. The pitch is made of natural grass. The ground's capacity is made up of 2 main stands. The largest being the stand situated on the west of the pitch, which is sheltered and has the few seats available in the ground. The goal opposite is an empty grassed standing area. The second stand, located on the south of the pitch, has limited shelter but larger space for standing. The north of the pitch is empty space which holds no lasting spectating facilities, though this space has the opportunity to be closed off for an expanded capacity. The ground is also connected to a social club on the west of the park.

Current squad
As of 1st January 2024:

Other squads
Glasgow United also have a Under-20s team and a 2004's team.

Honours
(as Shettleston)

Scottish Junior Cup
 * Runners-up: 1958–59
 * West Region Super First Division: runners-up (promoted): 2014–15
 * West Region League One: champions: 2019–20
 * West of Scotland Cup winners: 1974–75, 1992–93, 1994–95
 * Glasgow Junior League winners: 1923–24, 1926–27
 * Central League A Division winners: 1976–77
 * Central Division One winners: 1985–86, 1998–99, 2001–02
 * Glasgow Junior Cup: 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1967–68
 * Central League Cup: 1954–55, 1972–73, 2001–02
 * Central Sectional League Cup: 1969–70, 1976–77, 1979–80
 * Glasgow Junior Consolation Cup: 1925–26, 1937–38
 * Glasgow North-Eastern Cup: 1936–37, 1959–60, 1960–61
 * Erskine Hospital Charity Cup: 1983–84, 1984–85, 1985–86
 * Glasgow Junior Charity Cup: 1929–30, 1937–38, 1956–57
 * Glasgow Eastern Charity Cup: 1926–27, 1949–50, 1951–52, 1959–60

Notable former players

 * Bob Connelly
 * Tommy Docherty
 * A. Scott Duncan
 * Campbell Forsyth
 * Bill Gorman
 * Ernie Merrick
 * Keigan Parker
 * Brian McEwan
 * Bobby Russell
 * John Wheatley
 * David Goodwillie

Notable assistant coach

 * Tommy Coyne

title: Glasgow United F.C.


text:
Avigdor Lieberman

Avigdor Lieberman (אביגדור ליברמן,  ; born 5 June 1958) is a Soviet-born Israeli politician who served as Minister of Finance between 2021 and 2022, having previously served twice as Deputy Prime Minister of Israel from 2006 to 2008 and 2009 to 2012.

Lieberman entered the Knesset in 1999, and has served in numerous roles in the government, including as Minister of National Infrastructure, Minister of Transportation, and Minister of Strategic Affairs. He served as Deputy Prime Minister under Prime Ministers Ehud Olmert and Benjamin Netanyahu. He served under Netanyahu as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2009 to 2012 and 2013 to 2015 and as Minister of Defense from 2016 to 2018. On 14 November 2018, he resigned as Defense Minister because of a ceasefire in Gaza which he characterized as "surrendering to terror."

He is the founder and leader of the secular nationalist Yisrael Beiteinu (Israel Our Home) party, whose electoral base initially consisted overwhelmingly of Russian-speaking immigrants from the former Soviet Union, but later attracted broader support. Lieberman has stated his opposition to forming a coalition with religious parties and refused to join Benjamin Netanyahu's coalition in April 2019. As a result of the arrival in Israel during the 1990s of about one million Russian-speaking immigrants, Yisrael Beiteinu has regularly played the "king-maker" role in Israel's coalition governments. He was replaced in the Knesset by Elina Bardach-Yalov when he became the finance minister.

Biography
Evet Lvovich Lieberman (later Avigdor Lieberman) was born to a Russian-speaking Jewish family in Chișinău, Moldavian SSR, Soviet Union (now Chișinău, Moldova). His father Lev (18 May 1921 – 2 July 2007) was a writer who had served in the Red Army and spent seven years in a Siberian exile under Joseph Stalin's rule, where he met his wife Esther (2 July 1923 – 4 December 2014). His parents imbued him with a strong secular Jewish identity and consciously taught him only Yiddish up until the age of three. They were not afraid to speak Yiddish in public, even on crowded buses. Inheriting a love of Russian literature from his father, Lieberman had dreamed of becoming a poet. Lieberman attributes his forthright personality to his youth in the large Jewish community of 1970s Chișinău, saying: "Jews were 25 percent of the population of Kishinev [Chișinău] [during the 1970s]... We were more affluent, better educated, and we showed it... The Jews of Moldova have this no-nonsense streak. They are 'doers,' not idle philosophers. No wonder Meir Dizengoff, another Jew from Moldova, established Tel Aviv".

After high school, Lieberman enrolled at the Chișinău Agriculture Institute majoring in hydrological land improvement. As a student in Moldova, his passion for Russian literary classics continued, as he won first prize for a play he wrote, and dreamed of a literary career.

Lieberman and his family immigrated to Israel on 18 June 1978. Lieberman studied Hebrew at an ulpan and changed his first name to Avigdor. He was conscripted into the Israel Defense Forces, and was only obligated to do one year of active service instead of three, during which he served in the IDF military government in Hebron. Following his discharge from active duty, he continued to be called up for the reserves. After undergoing an artillery course, he served in the Artillery Corps. He attained the rank of Corporal.

Upon his release from the army, he earned a BA in International Relations and Political Science from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

On campus he was active in the student group "Kastel," associated with the Likud. Relations between Kastel and Arab student groups were tense and often deteriorated into violence. According to Maariv, based on the testimony of a witness who was a student at the time, Lieberman participated in a few of the violent clashes. Lieberman said that he was involved in two. Jamal Zahalka, an Arab Knesset member from Balad who was also a student at the time and active in Arab groups, claimed that he remembers Lieberman as yelling a lot but avoiding any of the rough action.

Haaretz reported that Lieberman was briefly involved with the Kach party founded by Rabbi Meir Kahane based on the testimony of two Kach activists, Avigdor Eskin and Yosef Dayan. Lieberman denied this and called the publication an "orchestrated provocation". While studying at the Hebrew University, Lieberman worked as a bouncer at the student club "Shablul" (Hebrew: "snail"), which is where he met his future wife. A year later, Lieberman was promoted to general manager, responsible for all the activities at the club.

Lieberman and his wife Ella née Tzipkin, also a Moldovan immigrant to Israel, have a daughter Michal (born 22 June 1983) and two sons, Yaakov (born 15 March 1988) and Amos (born 14 September 1990). They live in the Israeli settlement of Nokdim, located in the Judean Desert of the West Bank, where they have resided since 1988. Lieberman stated that despite having lived there for so long he is willing to leave his home as part of a peace agreement.

In breaks between government stints, Lieberman has engaged in business endeavors such as importing wood from the former Soviet Union into Israel, through which he amassed a fortune. He speaks Russian, Romanian, Hebrew, Yiddish and (less fluently) English.

Lieberman's mother, Esther Lieberman, died on 4 December 2014 while Lieberman was in Switzerland. He was scheduled to continue his travels to the United States, but cancelled that portion of the trip in order to attend the funeral and sit shiva.

Political career
In 1983–1988, Lieberman helped found the Zionist Forum for Soviet Jewry and was a member of the Board of the Jerusalem Economic Corporation and the Secretary of the Jerusalem branch of the Histadrut Ovdim Le'umit ("National Workers' Union"). In 1988, he started working with Benjamin Netanyahu. From 1993 to 1996, following Netanyahu's election as party leader, Lieberman served as Director-General of the Likud party. After Netanyahu was elected Prime Minister, Lieberman served as Director-General of the Prime Minister's Office from 1996 to 1997.

In 1997, Lieberman resigned from Likud after Prime Minister Netanyahu granted concessions to the Palestinians in the Wye River Memorandum, and expressed disappointment when Yisrael BaAliyah, a new immigrant party headed by Natan Sharansky did not quit the coalition government in protest. In 1999, Lieberman formed the Yisrael Beiteinu party to create a platform for Soviet immigrants who supported a hard line in negotiations with the Palestinians. The party ran for the Knesset during the 1999 legislative election, and ran on a joint list with Aliyah, a party formed by Michael Nudelman and Yuri Stern, who had broken away from Yisrael BaAliyah. The new party won four seats, one of which was taken by Lieberman. Lieberman served on the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee and State Control Committee, and as Chairman of the Israel-Moldova Parliamentary Friendship League.

In March 2001, Lieberman was appointed Minister of National Infrastructure, but resigned in March 2002.

In the 2003 legislative election, Yisrael Beiteinu ran on a joint list with the National Union. The joint list won seven seats, with Yisrael Beiteinu allotted four of them. In February 2003, Lieberman was appointed Minister of Transport, and resigned from the Knesset to take a seat in the Cabinet. He maintained leadership of the party and returned to the Knesset in 2006. Later he would simultaneously serve in the Knesset and Cabinet.

In May 2004, Lieberman was dismissed from the cabinet by Prime Minister Ariel Sharon due to his opposition to the Gaza disengagement, and Yisrael Beiteinu left the government in June in protest of the disengagement.

In the 2006 legislative election, Lieberman's party split from the National Union to run alone. The party won eleven seats, a gain from its previous six seats. It was initially in the opposition, but in October 2006, Lieberman and Prime Minister Ehud Olmert signed a coalition agreement under which Lieberman became the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Strategic Affairs, a newly created position with a focus towards the strategic threat from Iran. In December 2006, he called Iranian nuclear proliferation "the biggest threat facing the Jewish people since the Second World War". He advocated that Israel join the European Union and NATO.

Lieberman resigned his cabinet position and Yisrael Beiteinu left the coalition in January 2008. He cited opposition to the resuming peace talks, saying that "Negotiations on the basis of land for peace are a critical mistake ... and will destroy us."

Yisrael Beiteinu, which was described at times as Lieberman's "one man's party" for its media-closed meetings and party members' reluctance to give interviews, emerged as the third largest party in Israel after 2009 legislative election and on 16 March, it entered the coalition government led by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Lieberman was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs and Deputy Prime Minister.

On 25 October 2012, Lieberman and Benjamin Netanyahu announced that their respective political parties, Likud and Yisrael Beiteinu, had merged and would run together on a single ballot in Israel's 22 January 2013 general elections. "In view of the challenges we're facing, we need responsibility on a national level.... We're providing a true alternative, and an opportunity for the citizens to stabilize leadership and government," Lieberman said.

Lieberman was appointed Minister of Defense in May 2016. He resigned from the Knesset under the Norwegian Law, allowing Yulia Malinovsky to replace him.

Lieberman has attracted interest of voters from Israel's business community. Former ambassador to the United States Danny Gillerman explains: "His agenda is interesting, especially the combination between his vigorous opposition to a state of halakha and his uncompromising condition of the formation of a national-unity government. There is a yearning for leadership, and this milieu is fed up with the parties and with religious coercion." Dalia Itzik has said “He represents the historic Mapai today.”

Minister of Foreign Affairs
Upon taking office as the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Lieberman posed a clear message against application of provisions discussed at the Annapolis Conference. He noted that Israel must abide by the road map for peace as a first phase for furtherance of the negotiations process as well as by the two accompanying Tenet and Zinni documents.

Lieberman quit Olmert government due to his opposition to the Annapolis Conference. Lieberman followed his 1 April message with concerns that "[others] stand over us with a stopwatch" and that responsible and serious formulations of policy will take between one and two months.

Lieberman's office stated in early April that peace talks would continue when Palestinian government officials cracked down on attacks against Israelis. Lieberman and Netanyahu planned to broaden the Foreign Ministry PR campaign with regard to Iran, focusing on abuse of human rights and sponsorship of terrorism. Lieberman was questioned three times on charges of corruption.

In early May 2009, Lieberman visited Rome, Paris, Prague, and other cities. He met with his foreign minister counterparts, such as Frank-Walter Steinmeier of Germany, and he also paid his respects at Berlin's Holocaust memorial, laying a wreath at the 19,000-square-meter monument. At a press conference in Italy, Avigdor Lieberman stated that the government's goal was not to produce slogans or make pompous declarations, but to reach concrete results.

In his remarks at the 2013 Sderot Conference for Society, Lieberman stated his support of multi-directional foreign policy. The weight of his statement came at a time when a preliminary deal between Israel and the US with Iran, which would partially freeze its nuclear program, was in opposition.

On 7 May, Lieberman was appointed minister in charge of strategic dialogue with the U.S. On 17 June, he appeared in a joint press conference with Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in his first official visit to the U.S. Lieberman clashed with Clinton over Israeli settlements. Financial Times described the meeting as "one of the most tense encounters between the sides for several years". Clinton also rejected Lieberman's assertion that the Bush administration had agreed to further building in the West Bank.

In September 2009, Lieberman toured Africa along with businessmen and officials from the Foreign Ministry, Finance Ministry, Defense Ministry, and National Security Council in an attempt to strengthen economic and trade ties and discuss the Iranian nuclear program. Lieberman also sought to strengthen ties with countries in Eastern and Central Europe. In a 2011 interview, Netanyahu said that Lieberman had opened important doors that had been closed to Israel before.

Minister of Defense
In June 2016, Lieberman was appointed Israel's Minister of Defense, as a result of his party joining the government coalition. Lieberman's first action as Defense Minister was to approve equal rights for the bereaving families of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender soldiers. Avigdor Lieberman issued an official document on behalf of the Defense Ministry in June 2016 declaring that the ministry "views same-sex and heterosexual families of fallen soldiers equally, and operates in accordance with this equality so that there is no difference in recognition and rights."

It emerged in 2023 that in 2016 while Minister of Defense, Lieberman drafted a top-secret document in which he warned the Israeli government of the risk of a Hamas attack across the Israel-Gaza border, the assault of southern communities in Israel, and the taking of hostages. The document predicted that,"Hamas intends to take the conflict into Israeli territory by sending a significant number of well-trained forces (like the Nukhba [commandos] for example) into Israel to try and capture an Israeli community (or maybe even several communities) on the Gaza border and take hostages. Beyond the physical harm to the people, this will also lead to significant harm to the morale and feelings of the citizens of Israel."The document was reportedly presented to both Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and then IDF Chief of Staff Gadi Eizenkot.

In October 2018, he appointed Maj.-Gen. Aviv Kochavi, as the Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces.

Lieberman resigned on 14 November 2018 in protest of the ceasefire with Hamas.

Views and opinions
Lieberman believes the peace process is based on three false basic assumptions: that “Israeli-Palestinian conflict is the main cause of instability in the Middle East; that the conflict is territorial and not ideological; and that the establishment of a Palestinian state based on the 1967 borders will end the conflict."

In late May 2004, Lieberman unveiled the Lieberman Plan, proposing that the populations and territories of Israeli Jews and Arabs, including some Arab citizens of Israel, would be "separated". According to the plan, also known as the "Populated-Area Exchange Plan", Arab towns in Israel adjacent to Palestinian Authority areas would be transferred to Palestinian Authority, and only those Arab Israelis who migrated from the area to within Israel's new borders and pledged loyalty to Israel would be allowed to remain Israeli citizens. On 30 May 2004, Prime Minister Ariel Sharon condemned Lieberman's statements, stating "We regard Israeli Arabs as part of the State of Israel." On 4 June 2004, as the disputes over the up-coming disengagement plan grew more intense, Sharon dismissed Lieberman from the cabinet.

After the 2009 Israeli elections, Lieberman said he changed his mind in recent years and decided to support the creation of a Palestinian state. He wrote in a letter to The Jewish Week that he "advocates the creation of a viable Palestinian state", and told The Washington Post that he would agree to the evacuation of Nokdim "if there really will be a two-state solution". He stated in the Knesset that "reality changes" and that his shift had occurred over the last few years. In his The Jewish Week article, Lieberman tried to explain his party's "no loyalty – no citizenship" campaign by writing: "During Operation Cast Lead in Gaza, I was appalled by the calls for the destruction of the State of Israel and for renewed suicide bombings that some Israeli Arab leaders called for at pro-Hamas rallies. Although 'responsible citizenship' had always been part of our platform, I realized that this was a burning issue that had to take top priority." He stated his "responsible citizenship" platform and compared his position to the express policy of nations around the world, saying: "In the U.S., those requesting a Green Card must take an oath that they will fulfill the rights and duties of citizenship."

On 5 January 2014, Lieberman again brought up his plan, saying that he would not support any peace plan that did not include such "an exchange". He said that when he talks about it, he refers to the Triangle and Wadi Ara.

Lieberman supports Israeli membership in the European Union and NATO. He considers Iran a serious threat to Israel, but initially came out in favor of further political/economic sanctions and opposed a military strike, saying that he cannot imagine the implications of armed action. However, Haaretz later reported that Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Defense Minister Ehud Barak persuaded Lieberman to switch sides and support an attack. In post on X (formerly Twitter) in July 2024, Lieberman defended the use of nuclear weapons by Israel to stop the Iranian nuclear program, stating, "In order to stop the Iranian nuclear program, which is already in the weapons stages, we must use all the means at our disposal. It should be clear that at this stage it is not possible to prevent nuclear weapons from Iran by conventional means."

While his party is sometimes described by the news media as doctrinally secular and aiming to reduce the role of the rabbinical system in government, it actually supports the continuation of the role of Orthodox rabbinical courts, but wants more nationally minded religious people, rather than the ultra-orthodox, in charge. It does not advocate introducing civil marriage within Israeli law, but rather to find a solution to some of those who cannot marry under such laws. It does not advocate a separation of religion and state in Israeli society.

In response to possible charges by the International Criminal Court, Lieberman has called for the court to be defunded.

Lieberman advocates expansion of foreign relations with Azerbaijan due to the historical friendliness of Azerbaijanis towards Jewish minorities. Lieberman said: "'Even in the time of the Soviet Union, (Azerbaijan) was known to treat its Jewish community well, and there is no anti-Semitism there. We must continue strengthening our relations with Azerbaijan'" Azerbaijan–Israel relations play strategically important role against a common adversary of both countries, Iran. Recently, Lieberman supported Azerbaijan during 2016 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes over the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh.

A journalistic investigation published in April 2024 suggests Liberman’s support for Azerbaijan might be influenced by his family business as it revealed how Lieberman's 2 sons have been earning lucrative commissions by serving as intermediaries in major business deals for Israeli companies in Azerbaijan and also represented the national Azerbaijani airline, controlled by the Azerbaijani government, in Israel.

Media perception
A large number of media sources within and outside of Israel have labelled Yisrael Beiteinu and Lieberman as right wing to far right or ultra-nationalist. However, in general, Israelis are divided on how to characterize Lieberman's politics. In a 2014 poll conducted in Israel, 62% saw Lieberman as a national leader.

Yisrael Beiteinu has shown support for a two-state solution and were also noted for a secularist approach upon leading new legislation for civil marriage in Israel as well as pushing for some relaxation in the conversion process. Several commentators, however, noted that these positions do not coincide with the party's platform. These positions which are contradictory to the tradition of right wing politics in Israel had been explained by Gershom Gorenberg as that following the Six-Day War, opinions were split regarding the occupied territory, where being right-wing meant a position of holding onto the territory while being left-wing addressed a high level of willingness to give that territory away. He notes Lieberman to not be a right-winger by those terms as he's talking about giving occupied lands as well as land from sovereign Israel.

Statements towards Arab members of Knesset
A polarizing figure within Israeli politics, Lieberman is quoted as saying, "I've always been controversial because I offer new ideas. For me to be controversial, I think this is positive." Lieberman has called to establish a border between Israel and the West Bank so that Israel would include large Jewish settlement blocs and the Palestinian state would include large Arab-Israeli population centers. He proposed that Israel's citizens should sign a loyalty oath or lose their right to vote.

In November 2006, Lieberman, who described Arab members of the Knesset that meet with Hamas as "terror collaborators", called for their execution: "World War II ended with the Nuremberg Trials. The heads of the Nazi regime, along with their collaborators, were executed. I hope this will be the fate of the collaborators in [the Knesset]."

The comment was attacked as racist by Eitan Cabel, a Labor party representative, and Ahmad Tibi, leader of the Arab party Ta'al and one-time advisor to Yasser Arafat, who demanded that "a criminal investigation be initiated against Lieberman for violating the law against incitement and racism". Tibi strongly objected to Lieberman's ministerial appointment, describing him as "a racist and a fascist". Labour minister Ophir Pines-Paz, who resigned over Lieberman's appointment, echoed Tibi's remarks, saying that Lieberman was tainted "by racist declarations and declarations that harm the democratic character of Israel".

In remarks in the Knesset in March 2008, shortly after 6 March attack at Jerusalem's Mercaz HaRav yeshiva, Lieberman commented that "yesterday's attack can not be disconnected from the Arab MKs incitement, which we hear daily in the Knesset." Directing his comments at Arab MKs whose comments Lieberman describes as anti-Israel incitement, he added that "a new administration will be established and then we will take care of you."

Statements about Egypt
In 1998, news reports stated that Lieberman suggested the bombing of the Aswan Dam in retaliation for Egyptian support for Yasser Arafat. In 2001, reports stated that he told a group of ambassadors from the Former Soviet Union that if Egypt and Israel were ever to face off militarily again, that Israel could bomb the Aswan Dam.

Since the signing of the Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty, which followed Egyptian President Anwar Sadat's historic visit to Israel, multiple Israeli heads of state have visited Egypt on numerous occasions. However, Sadat's successor, Hosni Mubarak, visited Israel only once—for Yitzhak Rabin's funeral in 1995 —and never participated in talks on Israeli soil. In 2008, while on the Knesset speaker's podium during its memorial for Rehavam Ze'evi, Lieberman raised the issue and said, "Mubarak never agreed to come here as president. He wants to talk to us? Let him come here. He doesn't want to talk to us? He can go to hell."

Prime Minister Ehud Olmert and President Shimon Peres immediately apologized to the Egyptians. Lieberman accused the two of them of acting like "a battered wife". He explained his belief that the President and Prime Minister were wrong to ask forgiveness from Mubarak in that Egypt had provoked Israel just days earlier by identifying Israel as the enemy in a massive military exercise and that caricatures in the Egyptian media are akin to Nazi propaganda.

After Netanyahu began his term as prime minister in March 2009, government aides met with Egyptian officials and told them that Lieberman's role should not be a reason for tension between the two countries. News reports had previously been issued claiming that Egypt would not work with the Netanyahu administration unless Lieberman personally apologized. The administration labeled them "inaccurate and out of all proportion". On 9 April, Mubarak invited Netanyahu to meet with him personally in Sharm e-Sheikh. Unofficial channels for discussion were also reportedly being considered.

During a meeting with Egyptian intelligence chief Omar Suleiman in April 2009, Lieberman made an attempt at an apology, expressing "his respect and appreciation for Egypt's leading role in the region and his personal respect for Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and Minister Suleiman".

On 21 August, Lieberman said that it is important for Israel to make sure that the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty is upheld, and not to remain silent as Egyptian military forces enter the Sinai. Concern was raised by Israeli officials over Egyptian failure to notify Israel about the deployment of tanks in the Sinai, which violates the peace treaty. Lieberman said, "We must make sure that every detail is upheld, otherwise we'll find ourselves in a slippery slope as far as the peace treaty is concerned." As instability in the Sinai continued into the next month, Lieberman responded to calls to deploy more troops with "The problem in Sinai is not the size of the forces, it is their readiness to fight, to put pressure and to carry out the job as is needed."

On 28 August, Lieberman invited Egyptian President Morsi to visit Israel, after being encouraged by Morsi'is statements in late August that the Israel-Egypt peace treaty was secure. Lieberman said, "We certainly hope to see Morsi hosting official Israeli representatives soon; we want to see him giving interviews to Israeli media; we want to see him in Jerusalem as President (Shimon) Peres' guest."

Statements about Palestinians
Following a series of terror attacks on Israeli civilians perpetrated by Palestinian militants during a three-day period in March 2002, Lieberman proposed issuing an ultimatum to the Palestinian National Authority to halt all militant activity or face wide-ranging attacks. He said, "if it were up to me I would notify the Palestinian Authority that tomorrow at ten in the morning we would bomb all their places of business in Ramallah, for example." This led then–Foreign Minister Shimon Peres to respond that excessive military measures could lead to accusations of war crimes and that the Israeli administration must not "escalate the situation".

In July 2003, reacting to a commitment made by then Prime Minister Ariel Sharon to the US, where amnesty could be given to approximately 350 Palestinian prisoners including members of Hamas and Islamic Jihad, Lieberman rejected a chance to participate in the related committee and said "It would be better to drown these prisoners in the Dead Sea if possible, since that's the lowest point in the world,"  Lieberman continued, according to Galei Tzahal ('Israel Army Radio'), by stating his willingness, as Minister of Transport, to supply buses to take the prisoners there. Lieberman's suggestion also led to confrontation between Lieberman and Arab-Israeli MKs Ahmed Tibi (Hadash-Ta'al), Jamal Zahalka (Balad), Taleb el-Sana, Abdelmalek Dahamsha (United Arab List) as well as then opposition leader Shimon Peres.

In January 2009, during the 2008-09 Gaza War, Lieberman argued that Israel "must continue to fight Hamas just like the United States did with the Imperial Japanese during World War II. Then, too, the occupation of the country was unnecessary." This threat has been interpreted by some media commentators, including Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan, as an allusion to Hiroshima and Nagasaki and as advocacy for a nuclear strike on Gaza.

In January 2014, according to Haaretz, Lieberman would not support any peace agreement that did not include the exchange of Israeli Arab land and population. Lieberman stated: "I will not support any peace deal that will allow the return of even one Palestinian refugee to Israel."

On 8 March 2015, he stated at a conference in Herzliya:

"'Whoever is with us should get everything. Whoever is against us, there’s nothing else to do. We have to lift up an axe and remove his head, otherwise we won’t survive here. There is no reason that Umm al-Fahm will be part of Israel.'" This was interpreted by the Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA) as meaning that Israeli Arab citizens who betray or oppose the Jewish state should be beheaded. However, Lieberman supports a territorial partition of Israel, whereby Israel would cut off Arab-Israeli areas and transfer them to a future Palestinian state.

In April 2018, Lieberman said: "You have to understand, there are no innocent people in the Gaza Strip. Everyone has a connection to Hamas. Everyone receives a salary from Hamas. Those who are trying to challenge us at the border and breach it belong to Hamas's military wing." During the 2023 Hamas-Israel war, Lieberman continued to reinforce this view, stating on November 30 that "there are no innocents in Gaza."

Relations with Russia
After the 2011 Duma election, in which Russian President Vladimir Putin's party United Russia won, Lieberman was the first international politician to describe them as "absolutely fair, free and democratic". Putin has described Lieberman's own political career as "brilliant". Lieberman's pro-Russian stance and perceived friendly relations with Putin have also drawn criticism from other Israelis. Lieberman and his party have approved the Russian absorption of Crimea. While defense minister, he told Russian media during an interview in May 2018, that he did not agree with the West's disapproval of Russia's actions in Syria or with international sanctions against Russia.

Controversy also emerged when it was revealed that a chairman of Lieberman's party, Leon Litinetski, was also employed by the Russian government, as a chairman of the Coordinating Council of Russian Compatriots, a position appointed by the Kremlin.

Conviction for assault
On 24 September 2001, Lieberman acknowledged in the Jerusalem District Court that he hit a twelve-year-old youth from Tekoa, who had hit his son. The incident occurred in December 1999 in the Nokdim settlement. After his son was beaten by a group of children, Lieberman located one of the boys in a trailer and hit him in the face. After the boy fell and was injured, Lieberman grabbed him by the shirt-collar and arm, took him back to his home in Tekoa and threatened that he would attack him again if he returned to Nokdim.

He was charged with assaulting and threatening him. Lieberman confessed to the crime and plead guilty as part of a plea bargain. The judge ultimately ruled that Lieberman must pay the child a compensation of 10,000 shekels, and an additional fine of 7,500 shekels.

Corruption investigation and trial
Some of Lieberman's connections with local and foreign businessmen were under police investigation. Lieberman allegedly received millions of shekels from various entrepreneurs while serving as member of Knesset; under Israeli law, MKs are not allowed to receive any payment beyond their salary. One claim was that Michael Cherney paid a company called Path to the East large amounts of money between the years 1999 and 2006, and that these sums were then allegedly passed on to Lieberman as a bribe. Other allegations concern a company called M.L.1, founded by Lieberman's daughter Michal when she was 21. These allegations concern money transferred to M.L.1 from unknown sources outside Israel; the money was later allegedly used for paying salaries to Avigdor and Michal Lieberman. Lieberman was also under investigation for receiving a bribe from Austrian-Jewish businessman Martin Schlaff.

Lieberman denied all allegations of wrongdoing in these cases, and claims that the police are conspiring against him. In particular, he has pointed to the proximity of his investigation to the 2009 Israeli elections and said that such investigations are "part of my routine before every parliamentary election." Allegations of bias on the part of the police have also been reported in Arutz Sheva, which reported that the investigation, which had been "ongoing for years, suddenly became active again once [Lieberman] left the government" in January 2008.

On 2 April 2009, Lieberman was questioned by police on suspicion of corruption for at least seven hours at the national squad headquarters in central Israel. It was part of an ongoing investigation examining his business dealings. Lieberman denied all allegations. He claimed the investigation has been dragged out, and had filed a petition to the court requesting a speedy process.

On 24 May 2010 the Israel Police recommended Lieberman's indictment for breach of trust, regarding the suspected receipt of classified information concerning ongoing criminal investigations into his activities. Former ambassador to Belarus, Ze'ev Ben Aryeh was also recommended for indictment. On 13 April 2011, the State Prosecutor's Office announced that it had decided to charge Lieberman with fraud, money laundering, breach of trust and witness tampering. The pre-indictment hearing was set for 17–18 January 2012. On 13 December 2012, a CNN breaking news blog post stated that the Israeli Justice Ministry had decided to only charge him with breach of trust and fraud, and not the more serious witness tampering and money laundering corruption charges. on 14 December 2012, Lieberman announced that he was removing his immunity and resigned as foreign minister.

Lieberman's trial before the Jerusalem Magistrate's Court began on 17 February 2013 and ended on 6 November 2013 with an acquittal. The three judges voted unanimously to acquit him. In the verdict, they wrote that while Lieberman had acted improperly in failing to inform the Foreign Ministry of his past dealings with Ben Aryeh, he was not guilty of criminal activity, as he had not been aware of the seriousness of the circumstances, and his appointment of Ben Aryeh had not been a promotion. Lieberman returned to his position as foreign minister on 11 November 2013, after the Israeli cabinet had approved his re-appointment to the office the previous day.

title: Avigdor Lieberman


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Asef Bayat

Asef Bayat is an Iranian-American scholar. He is currently the Catherine and Bruce Bastian Professor of Global and Transnational Studies, Sociology, and Middle Eastern studies at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He was previously a Professor of Sociology and Middle Eastern studies and held the Chair of Society and Culture of the Modern Middle East at Leiden University, The Netherlands. He served as Academic Director of the International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World (ISIM) and ISIM Chair of Islam and the Modern World at Leiden University (2003- 2009).

Bayat has published widely on issues of political sociology, social movements, urban space and politics, the everyday of politics and religiosity, contemporary Islam, and the Muslim Middle East. He has conducted extensive studies on the Iranian Islamic Revolution, Islamist movements in comparative perspective since the 1970s, the non-movements of the urban poor, Muslim youth, and women, the politics of fun, and the Arab Spring revolutions.

Biography
Asef Bayat was born in a small village located approximately sixty miles west of Tehran in an Azerbaijani family. Later, his family moved to the capital city, where his first schooling experience was with an Islamic institution. He obtained a diploma in a state-run high school, which was located close to the Hosseiniyeh Ershad, where many of Ali Shariati’s followers were gathering. He attended Shariati’s popular lectures in the Hosseiniyeh Ershad in his last high school years. However, by this time, he had become an entirely secular teenager, moving into leftist campus politics that he maintained throughout his higher education in the United Kingdom.

Academic career and contributions
After completing his B.A. in Politics from the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences in Tehran (1977), Asef Bayat received his Ph.D. in Social Sciences – Sociology and Politics from the University of Kent from 1978 to 1984. He held a Post Doctoral Research Fellowship at the Center for Middle Eastern Studies at the University of California at Berkeley (1985).

Since 1986, he has taught Sociology at the American University in Cairo for some 17 years in the course of which he also held positions at the University of California at Berkeley, Columbia University, and was Fellow of St. Antony's College, Oxford University(2000-1) and Brown University (2012).

He was the Professor of Sociology and Middle Eastern Studies and held the Chair of Society and Culture of the Modern Middle East at Leiden University, The Netherlands, from 2003-2010.

Since 2010, he has been a Sociology and Middle East Studies Professor at University of Illinois. He has held the Catherine and Bruce Bastian Chair of Global and Transnational Studies since 2012.

Bayat receives prestigious fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation, Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Ford and MacArthur foundations.

Bayat coined the term "post-Islamism" in a 1996 essay titled, "The Coming of the Post-Islamist Society." He further developed the idea in a subsequent book, 'Making Islam Democratic: Social Movement and the Post-Islamist Turn (Stanford University Press, 2007). He further refined the concept in a collection with scholars of political Islam throughout the Muslim world titled, Post-Islamism: The Changing Faces of Political Islam(Oxford University Press, 2012). This idea has instigated intellectual and political debates in many Muslim-majority countries, particularly Indonesia, Malaysia, Turkey, Egypt, Morocco and Iran.

Bayat has also contributed to social movement theory with his concepts of "quiet encroachment," "social non-movements," and the "politics of presence." These ideas have developed through the years and have culminated in his book, Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East (Stanford University Press, 2013). His understanding of the Arab Uprisings of 2010/2011, and the introduction of the concept, "Refolution," are presented in his recent book, Revolution without Revolutionaries: Making Sense of the Arab Spring (Stanford University Press, 2017) and Revolutionary Life: The Everyday of the Arab Spring (Harvard University Press, 2021).

Asef Bayat is fluent in English, Persian, Arabic, and Azeri.

Books

 * Revolutionary Life: The Everyday of the Arab Spring (Harvard University Press, 2021)
 * Global Middle East: Into the 21st Century, ed. with Linda Herrera (University of California Press, 2021)
 * Revolution without Revolutionaries: Making Sense of the Arab Spring Stanford University Press, 2017
 * Post-Islamism: The Changing Faces of Political Islam. Oxford University Press, 2013.
 * Being Young and Muslim: New Cultural Politics in the Global South and North. (co-edited with Linda Herrera.) New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.
 * Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2010, 2nd Edition 2013.
 * Making Islam Democratic: Social Movements and the Post-Islamist Turn. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007.
 * Ortadoğu'da Maduniyet: Toplumsal Hareketler ve Siyaset. [Subalternity in the Middle East: Social Movements and Politics. (In Turkish.) Six essays compiled and translated by Özgür Gökmen and Seçil Deren]. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2006.
 * Street Politics: Poor Peoples Movements in Iran. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
 * Work, Politics and Power. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1991.
 * Workers and Revolution in Iran. London: Zed Books, 1987.

Major articles (English)

 * Bayat, Asef "Is Iran on the Verge of another Revolution?”, Journal of Democracy, vol. 34, no. 2, April 2023.
 * Bayat, Asef (Fall 2017) Is There a Youth Politics?", Middle East Topics and Arguments.
 * Bayat, Asef (October 2015) "Plebeians of the Arab Spring", Current Anthropology, vol. 56, no. 11.
 * Bayat, Asef (2013) "The Making of Post-Islamist Iran", in A. Bayat, ed., Post-Islamism: The Changing Faces of Political Islam, New York, Oxford University Press.
 * Bayat, Asef (2013) "Egypt and Its Unsettled Islamism", in A. Bayat, ed., Post-Islamism: The Changing Faces of Political Islam", New York, Oxford University Press.
 * Bayat, Asef (April 2013) "Arab Spring and Its Surprises", Development and Change, vol. 44, issue 2.
 * Bayat, Asef (2013) "Areas and Ideas", Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, vol. 33, no. 3.
 * Bayat, Asef (2012) "Politics in the City Inside-Out", City and Society, vol. 24, no. 2 pp. 110–128.
 * Bayat, Asef (2012) "Islamic Movements", in David Snow, et al. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements, Oxford and New York, Blackwell.
 * Bayat, Asef (2011) "Our Revolution is Civil", The Hedgehog Review, vol. 13, no. 3, Fall.
 * Bayat, Asef (April 26, 2011) "The Post-Islamist Revolutions", Foreign Affairs.
 * Bayat, Asef (2011) "Marginality: Curse or Cure?", in Ray Bush and Habib Ayeb (eds.) Marginality and Exclusion in Egypt, London, Zed Books.
 * (London, Merlin Press, 2007.)
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title: Asef Bayat


text:
Talk:Defensive driving

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 28 August 2020 and 17 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Thomas Leonard96. Peer reviewers: Alex Oeser, Tyler Kelso.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 19:13, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Title
This is an article detailing US Interactive's start of the "Alternative Delivery Method" for defensive driving courses: http://www.stp.uh.edu/vol62/130/Campusan/Camp3/Camp3.html This company is the one that opened the door for online defensive driving sites. Mhoskins 16:29, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

Also found: http://houston.bizjournals.com/houston/stories/2003/10/13/smallb1.html (more details about US Interactive) Mhoskins 16:35, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

Avoiding collisions with bicyclists?
I wonder what, if anything, defensive driving classes teach about avoiding collisions specifically with bicyclists. If anyone could summarize what that is, I think it would be useful to have a section on it in this article. --Serge 05:51, 16 November 2005 (UTC) ≥ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.36.40.182 (talk) 07:36, 24 February 2014 (UTC)

Drive in the outer lane on freeways?
Does defensive driving training really teach to "Drive in the outer lane on freeways"? Is there any basis for this (like a link to defensive driving website that says this)? I've always heard that the outside lane on a freeway is where collisions are most likely because that is where all the merging between entering and exiting traffic is occuring, and that the safest lane is one lane out from the innermost lane (furthest away from all the merging and still allowing one more lane for passing you). --Serge 19:22, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

Serge, This item as I read it is to warn against the obvious danger of vehicles in both the right and left (motorway and not) lanes; merging to the centre lane at the same time!!

HOWEVER, in lane-use practice as relating to freeway/motorway class roads with INTERCHANGES, as opposed to lengths of roads with INTERSECTIONS, effectively 'keeping middle' on such a road with three or more lanes is NOT encouraged by road authorities in any case, particularly in those jurisdictions that have higher speed limits or a speed derestriction allowance so signaled by the UN Conventions - C,17a; "End of all local prohibitions on moving vehicles" sign (//). Here, such 'lane discipline' and 'driver behaviours' are not accepted, and typically-legally imparted in 'driver road code training manuals' and the like as being necessary for efficient and safe traffic flow.

It is not intended to in any way 'force' you to do so when you have traffic entering the motorway, here - you indicate from that lane well in advance to allow that traffic to merge safely, IF it is necessary to do so. Sometimes it is best simply to drop off the accelerator a moment. Traffic leaving the motorway is required to be in that lane in any case, so speed variation conflict should not be a wide problem.

NOW, That some might speed and 'cut-in' to exit abruptly is not a negative reflection of this lane discipline, rather its a reflection on that driver requiring highway patrol attention.

This motorway traffic lane-use item is taught in various places, - such as in EU jurisdictional driver training manuals, in NSW Australia and now China/Hong Kong R.O.C. The United Nations Convention (1968) on Road Traffic, Road Signs and Signals in effect states much the same.

These links are 'state' driver training examples of this practice:

NSW Australia: http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/licensing/downloads/2005_12ruh_english.pdf '''Page 93 of this English language edition "Driving on the Motorway". Pdf 2.92Mb'''

This page shows the above handbook in other languages:http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/licensing/downloads/gettitestsdrivieduca_dl1.html?plid=3

Hong Kong & China: http://www.td.gov.hk/road_safety/road_users_code/index/chapter_5_for_all_drivers/dual_carriageways_/index.htm

'''United Kingdom. See Rule 238.''' http://www.highwaycode.gov.uk/23.htm#227

26 March 2006. JHP Mot Adv-NSW

Crash and vehicle break-down scenes
I have added this header above. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Kungfuadam had previously deleted this, and other edits, citing the WA Drife Safe manual and a copyright issue.

I write text for state motor driving handbooks on this subject in Australia and indeed wrote that specific text for that WA application you highlighted.

It will be used in other AUS jurisdictional handbooks and is freely edited by each agency as it desires, without legal issue. State transport service agencies outside Australia are free to adopt the exact same text or similar tutorial, and I encourage them to do so.

Warning triangle placement and the vest tutorial is harmonised with UN equipment regulations/specifications and transport road safety policy. Other text is based on US and AUS emergency services procedure, also recognised and used around the world in respective domestic context.

It, 'the text', forms part of my Signature by way of weblink on many motor discussion forums I frequent. I also write such tutorials for EU application, and in the future - middle eastern jurisdictions, do so now for NYS, NZ, PNG and so on. The WA text, as indeed all text relating to this subject are invariably similar, owing in particular, legislation governing same.

NO, copyright infringement exists in this text whatsoever, I am certainly responsible for it.

Jeremy H. Pritchard, Motorist's Advocate-NSW. BALCOLYN NSW 2264. AUSTRALIA

Email: mot.adv@internode.on.net

WP:NOT a collection of advice/suggestions
As others have rightly pointed out, the long list of advice doesn't really belong in Wikipedia. Per WP:NOT, Wikipedia isn't the appropriate place for advice/suggestions/how-to's. The long list of suggestions should probably be moved somewhere under Category:Cars on Wikibooks. However, parts of the article should remain here and should be expanded... the "Training and Courses" section is definitely encyclopedic. And I'm sure a little more non-advice prose (eg. the article needs fewer bulleted lists) could be written about the general topic. --Interiot 20:46, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Agreed, a 'link' could then be issued here. Might have play around with this prospect. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.167.0.27 (talk) 23:06, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

Keep getting deleted
I put under defensive driving some history of one of the pioneers of defensive driving. I mentioned one of the original companies and what they did for the industry and was deleted as advertising when in fact it is in fact historical. That company does not exist any longer but historically is factual as to how some of the industry was developed.Publicsafety2012 (talk) 00:56, 19 December 2011 (UTC)
 * The material being added was written in a promotional tone (see WP:NPOV), made claims that were not supported by reliable third party sources (see WP:RS), and added an external link that fails our external link guideline (see WP:EL). --- Barek (talk • contribs) - 01:01, 19 December 2011 (UTC)

A review of the article with proposed changes
After reviewing the defensive driving Wikipedia article I have spotted some areas that I think deserve some expanding or revising. I would like to start by saying I am not sure at this moment exactly what to do with the lead section. I think it is pretty well written and touches on just about all the topics but at the same time think it could possibly use a minor rewrite. The quote at the end seem a bit out of place to me. The general principles section is also a grey area for me that I don’t have any solid ideas on. While I certainly feel this article should cover what exactly the general principles of defensive driving are, this does not feel like the best way to do so but I don’t have any better ideas. The history section is very short consisting of only two sentences. It seems very unfair for a topic so closely related to such an important part of the modern world have such a small history section. With whole cities literally being designed around the roads in which vehicles ride on and with how deadly vehicles can actually be, this article deserves be expanded on. To improve on the history section I believe adding additional information such as when more states had defensive driving courses available as well as when and how the courses transitioned on to the internet would be a big improvement. I am also looking for information on when courts started issuing mandated course completion as this is a common reason people complete defensive driving courses. I have some of the mentioned information already but finding reliable sources for this has proven to be a bit difficult. This would take the history section from the inception of the concept up until the modern day while adding some important information on how it developed overtime. The training and courses section, while much more informative, could still use some additional information as well as some citations. The amount of time required and exactly how the courses are taken could also be added to this section. While talking about this section I also would consider moving the mentions of reduced auto insurance and dismissal of tickets to the benefits section, which I will now discuss. The “benefits of roadcraft” section can be transformed into a benefits of defensive driving or benefits of secondary driver education section. In doing so the section would require a rewrite for it to make more sense in the context of the heading using the provided citation to back up the claims. My thought process behind this is to be able to provide any information regarding the actual effectiveness that defensive driving has as I feel that is lacking in the current version of the article. This is important information that I believe people should be able to see when coming to this article. With so many people dying from car accidents annually, any information that could help reduce the problem should be mentioned. As I have researched into the effectiveness of defensive driving courses I have found that there are a few promising studies. At the moment I have found two studies that show drivers who have taken any kind of secondary driver education such as a defensive driving course are less likely to be involved in accidents or traffic violations. I am still currently looking for more studies, possibly from different countries to give the article more global representation. I am looking forward to improving this article; let me know how my plans sound! Here are some sources that might be of use to anyone else who wants to work on improving this article https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Thomas%20Leonard96/Defensive_driving/Bibliography- Thomas Leonard96 (talk) 21:52, 7 October 2020 (UTC)

=international== It seems to be mostly about the USA 2A01:CB08:8BE:AA00:C0AD:659A:8BAD:3281 (talk) 05:27, 19 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Defensive driving