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Imperial Guard (Japan)

The Imperial Guard of Japan has been two separate organizations dedicated to protection of the Emperor of Japan and the Imperial Family, palaces and other imperial properties. The first was the Imperial guard divisions, a quasi-independent elite branch of the Imperial Japanese Army, which was dissolved shortly after World War II. The current organization is the Imperial Guard Headquarters, a civilian law enforcement organization that is part of the National Police Agency.

Imperial Guard of the Imperial Japanese Army
The Imperial Guard of the Imperial Japanese Army was formed in 1867. It became the foundation of the Imperial Japanese Army after the Emperor Meiji assumed all the powers of state during the Meiji Restoration. The Imperial Guard, which consisted of 12,000 men organized and trained along French military lines, first saw action in the Satsuma Rebellion. It was organized into the 1st Guards Infantry Brigade, which had the 1st and 2nd Regiments. The 3rd and 4th Regiments belonged to the 2nd Guards Infantry Brigade.

By 1885 the Imperial Japanese Army consisted of seven divisions, one of which was the Imperial Guard. A division consisted of four regiments containing an HQ and two battalions each. The Imperial Guard division was based in Tokyo and was recruited on national lines; officers were also drawn nationally.

After the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, a second Guard Brigade was formed from indigenous Formosans. In 1920 the Guards Cavalry Regiment, Guards Field Artillery Regiment, Guards Engineer Battalion, and Guards Transport Battalion, plus other Guards service units were raised, adding to the overall order of battle of the force. From 1937 to 1939 the Guards Engineer Battalion was expanded into a regiment as was the Guards Transport Battalion.

Pacific War
In September 1939, the division was split into the 1st and 2nd Guards Brigades.

The 1st Guards Brigade, which contained the 1st and 2nd Guards Infantry Regiments, the cavalry regiment, and half of the support units, was transferred to South China. Here it became known as the Mixed Guards Brigade. In October 1940, it joined other Japanese units occupying French Indo-China. In April 1941 the Mixed Guards Brigade returned to Tokyo but it did not rejoin the Imperial Guards Division.

The 2nd Guards Brigade, which contained 3rd and 4th Guards Regiments, also went to China. In 1940, it went to Shanghai before being posted to Hainan Island. In June 1941, the 5th Guards Infantry Regiment joined the 2nd Guards Brigade becoming the Imperial Guard Division again. It later saw action in the Battles of Malaya and Singapore with Tomoyuki Yamashita's 25th Army.

In May 1943, all designated Imperial Guard units were renamed again. The Mixed Guards Brigade in Tokyo became the 1st Guards Division (which now consisted of the 1st, 2nd, 6th Guard Regiments) and the Imperial Guard Division became the 2nd Guards Division. The 3rd Guards Division, which never left Japan, was formed in 1944. It consisted of the 8th, 9th and 10th Guards Regiments. Sources do not agree if there ever was a 7th Guard Regiment.

All military Imperial Guard Divisions were dissolved at the end of World War II.

War crimes
In Japanese-occupied Malaya and Singapore, the Guard Division was involved in several notorious war crimes such as the Parit Sulong Massacre and the Sook Ching massacre. Lt Gen. Takuma Nishimura, who was sentenced to life imprisonment by a British military court in relation to the Sook Ching killings, was later convicted of war crimes by an Australian Military Court in relation to the Parit Sulong massacre. He was executed by hanging on June 11, 1951.

Organization

 * 1st Guards Division (近衛第1師団, Konoe Dai-ichi Shidan)
 * 2nd Guards Division (近衛第2師団, Konoe Dai-ni Shidan)
 * 3rd Guards Division (近衛第3師団, Konoe Dai-san Shidan)

Uniform
Until 1939, the Cavalry of the Imperial Guard wore a French-style parade uniform consisting of a dark-blue tunic with red Brandenburg braiding, a red kepi and red breeches. The red kepi had a white plume with a red base. Prior to the general adoption of khaki by the Japanese Army during the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), an all-white linen uniform had been worn in hot weather.

The Infantry of the Imperial Guard wore a dark blue uniform with white leggings for both parade and service wear until 1905. It was distinguished from that of the line infantry by a red band and piping on the peaked service cap (instead of yellow). Officers wore a dark blue tunic with 5 rows of black mohair froggings and dark blue breeches with a red stripe down each seam.

Following the adoption of a khaki service dress, the Guard Infantry wore this on all occasions, although officers retained the blue and red uniform for certain ceremonial occasions when not parading with troops.

In the field, the army's standard khaki uniform was worn by all Imperial Guard units from 1905 to 1945. Guard units were distinguished by a wreathed star in bronze worn on the headgear, in contrast to the plain five pointed star worn by other units.

Imperial Guard of the National Police Agency
After the disbandment of the Imperial Guard divisions, their missions were merged into the Imperial Police (皇宮警察), a civilian law enforcement branch of the Ministry of the Imperial Household. In 1947, it was reorganized into the Imperial Guard Bureau (皇宮警察部) of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department, and then transferred to the National Rural Police (国家地方警察). After being renamed several times, it became the Imperial Guard Headquarters (皇宮警察本部) in 1949. With the total reconstruction of the Japanese police systems in 1954, it became a part of the National Police Agency.

At present, it consists of over 900 security police personnel who provide personal security for the Emperor, Crown Prince and other members of the Imperial Family, as well as protection of imperial properties, including the Tokyo Imperial Palace, Kyoto Imperial Palace, Katsura Imperial Villa, Shugakuin Imperial Villa (both in Kyoto), Shosoin Imperial Repository in Nara, as well as Hayama Imperial Villa and Nasu Imperial Villa.

The Imperial Guard maintains a 14-horse mounted police unit for use by guards of honour at state ceremonies. In addition to their security duties, the Imperial Guard is responsible for fire-fighting within the grounds of the Palace, and maintains fire engines and trained staff for this.

The NPA Imperial Guards wear a dark blue or a blue-grey police uniform with white gloves while on duty with peaked caps for public duties activities. They also wear white pistol belts, lanyards, helmets, boot laces or leggings. They carry police rank insignia in their shoulder boards.

The Imperial Guard stepped up their efforts to protect the Imperial Family after the assassination of Shinzo Abe in 2022.

title: Imperial Guard (Japan)


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May 22 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

May 21 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - May 23

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on June 4 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For May 22nd, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on May 9.

Feasts

 * Commemoration of the Holy Fathers of the Second Ecumenical Council (381)

Saints

 * Righteous Melchizedek, King of Salem (ancient Jerusalem) (c. 2000 BC)
 * Martyr Sophia the Healer.
 * Martyr Marcellus, by being placed in molten lead.
 * Martyr Codratus (Quadratus), by being dragged by horses.
 * Martyr Basiliscus of Kamani (c. 285-305)
 * Saint Donatus of Thmuis, Bishop and Martyr (316)
 * Saint John Vladimir, King of Serbia, Martyr, Wonderworker (1015)

Pre-Schism Western saints

 * Saint Ausonius, first Bishop of Angoulême (1st or 3rd century)
 * Saint Marcian of Ravenna, Bishop and Confessor (c. 127)
 * Martyrs Castus and Emilius, by fire, in Carthage (250)
 * Martyrs Timothy, Faustinus and Venustus, in Rome, under Julian the Apostate (362)
 * Saint Helen of Carnarvon (Elen Luyddog, Helen of Caernarfon), Princess, a late 4th-century founder of churches in Wales, and wife of Emperor Magnus Clemens Maximus (383-388)
 * Saint Helen of Auxerre (c. 418)
 * Saint Julia of Corsica the martyr, who was crucified (5th century)
 * Saint Quiteria the virgin-martyr, in Spain (5th century)
 * Saint Romanus of Subiaco (Romanus of Auxerre), ascetic who ministered to Saint Benedict of Nursia (560)
 * Saint Fulk (c. 600)
 * Saint Boethian of Pierrepont (near Laon), Irish, Benedictine monk, martyred in France (7th century)
 * Saint Conall (Conald, Coel), of Inniskeel (Inniscoel, Innis-coel), County Donegal, Abbot of the island monastery of Inniskeel, where there is a holy well dedicated to him (7th century)
 * Saint John of Parma, abbot of Saint John's at Parma from 973 to c. 982, then under Cluniac observance (c. 982)
 * Saint Bobo (Beuvon), hermit (c. 985)

Post-Schism Orthodox saints

 * Saint Kali of Asia Minor (c. 14th century)
 * New Hieromartyr Zachariah of Prussa (1802)
 * Blessed James, youth, of Borovichi (Novgorod), Wonderworker (1540)
 * New Martyr Demetrios of Peloponnesos (1803)
 * Venerable Monk-martyr Paul of Mt. Athos, at Tripolis, Peloponnesus (1818)

New martyrs and confessors

 * New Hieromartyr Michael Borisov, priest (1942)

Other commemorations

 * Synaxis of the Cyprus Icon ("Sophianois" Icon) of the Most Holy Mother of God.
 * Repose of Cleopas of Valaam, disciple of Saint Paisius Velichkovsky (1816)
 * Repose of Eldress Macrina of Volos (1995)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: May 22 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)


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User:ScottDavis/Images

My photos are uploaded to commons:, so they are accessible for use on other languages of Wikipedia if required. I'd love to hear from anyone who chooses to use one of my photos somewhere I don't know about. I am User:ScottDavis there as well.

title: User:ScottDavis/Images


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Taw

Taw, tav, or taf is the twenty-second and last letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician tāw 𐤕, Hebrew tav ת, Aramaic taw 𐡕, Syriac taw ܬ, and Arabic tāʾ ت (22nd in abjadi order, 3rd in modern order). In Arabic, it also gives rise to the derived letter ث ṯāʾ. Its original sound value is.

The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek tau (Τ), Latin T, and Cyrillic Т.

Origins
Taw is believed to be derived from the Egyptian hieroglyph representing a tally mark.

Arabic tāʾ
The letter is named tāʼ. It is written in several ways depending on its position in the word:

Final ـَتْ (fatha, then tāʼ with a sukun on it, pronounced, though diacritics are normally omitted) is used to mark feminine gender for third-person perfective/past tense verbs, while final تَ (tāʼ-fatḥa, ) is used to mark past-tense second-person singular masculine verbs, final تِ (tāʼ-kasra, ) to mark past-tense second-person singular feminine verbs, and final تُ (tāʼ-ḍamma, ) to mark past-tense first-person singular verbs. The plural form of Arabic letter ت is tāʼāt (تاءات), a palindrome.

Recently, the isolated ت has been used online as an emoticon, because it resembles a smiling face.

Tā' marbūṭa
An alternative form called tāʼ marbūṭa (ـَة, ة) (تَاءْ مَرْبُوطَة), "bound tāʼ") is used at the end of words to mark feminine gender for nouns and adjectives. Regular tāʼ, to distinguish it from tāʼ marbūṭa, is referred to as tāʼ maftūḥa (تَاءْ مَفْتُوحَة, "open tāʼ").

In words such as رِسَالَة ('letter, message, epistle'), the fatha + tāʼ marbūṭa combination (ـَة) is transliterated as -a or -ah (risāla or risālah), and pronounced as  (as if there were only a fatha). Historically, tāʼ marbūṭa was pronounced as the sound in all positions, but now the  sound is dropped in coda positions.

However, when a word ending with a tāʼ marbūṭa is suffixed with a grammatical case ending or any other suffix, the is clearly pronounced. For example, the word رِسَالَة ('letter, message', 'epistle') is pronounced as risāla in pausa but is pronounced risālatun in the nominative case ( being the nominative case ending), risālatin in the genitive case ( being the genitive case ending), and risālatan in the accusative case ( being the accusative case ending). When the possessive suffix -ī ('my') is added, it becomes risālatī ('my letter'). The /t/ is also always pronounced when the word is in construct state, for example in Risālat al-Ghufrān ('The Epistle of Forgiveness').

The isolated and final forms of this letter combine the shape of hāʼ (ه) and the two dots of tāʼ (ت). When words containing the symbol are borrowed into other languages written in the Arabic script, such as Persian, tāʼ marbūṭa usually becomes either a regular ه or a regular ت.

Hebrew tav
Hebrew spelling:

Hebrew pronunciation
The letter tav in Modern Hebrew usually represents a voiceless alveolar plosive:.

Variations on written form and pronunciation
The letter tav is one of the six letters that can receive a dagesh kal diacritic; the others are bet, gimel, dalet, kaph and pe. Bet, kaph and pe have their sound values changed in modern Hebrew from the fricative to the plosive, by adding a dagesh. In modern Hebrew, the other three do not change their pronunciation with or without a dagesh, but they have had alternate pronunciations at other times and places.

In traditional Ashkenazi pronunciation, tav represents an without the dagesh and has the plosive form when it has the dagesh. Among Yemen and some Sephardi areas, tav without a dagesh represented a voiceless dental fricative —a pronunciation hailed by the Sfath Emeth work as wholly authentic, while the tav with the dagesh is the plosive. In traditional Italian pronunciation, tav without a dagesh is sometimes.

Tav with a geresh is sometimes used in order to represent the TH digraph in loanwords.

Significance of tav
In gematria, tav represents the number 400, the largest single number that can be represented without using the sophit (final) forms (see kaph, mem, nun, pe, and tzade).

In representing names from foreign languages, a geresh or chupchik can also be placed after the tav (ת׳), making it represent. (See also: Hebraization of English)

In Judaism
Tav is the last letter of the Hebrew word emet, which means 'truth'. The midrash explains that emet is made up of the first, middle, and last letters of the Hebrew alphabet (aleph, mem, and tav: אמת). Sheqer (שקר, falsehood), on the other hand, is made up of the 19th, 20th, and 21st (and penultimate) letters.

Thus, truth is all-encompassing, while falsehood is narrow and deceiving. In Jewish mythology it was the word emet that was carved into the head of the golem which ultimately gave it life. But when the letter aleph was erased from the golem's forehead, what was left was "met"—dead. And so the golem died.

Ezekiel 9:4 depicts a vision in which the tav plays a Passover role similar to the blood on the lintel and doorposts of a Hebrew home in Egypt. In Ezekiel's vision, the Lord has his angels separate the demographic wheat from the chaff by going through Jerusalem, the capital city of ancient Israel, and inscribing a mark, a tav, "upon the foreheads of the men that sigh and that cry for all the abominations that be done in the midst thereof."

In Ezekiel's vision, then, the Lord is counting tav-marked Israelites as worthwhile to spare, but counts the people worthy of annihilation who lack the tav and the critical attitude it signifies. In other words, looking askance at a culture marked by dire moral decline is a kind of shibboleth for loyalty and zeal for God.

Sayings with taf
"From aleph to taf" describes something from beginning to end, the Hebrew equivalent of the English "From A to Z."

Syriac taw
In the Syriac alphabet, as in the Hebrew and Phoenician alphabets, taw or tăw ( or ) is the final letter in the alphabet, most commonly representing the voiceless dental stop  and fricative  consonant pair, differentiated phonemically by hard and soft markings. When left as unmarked   or marked with a qūššāyā dot above the letter    indicating 'hard' pronunciation, it is realized as a plosive. When the phoneme is marked with a rūkkāḵā dot below the letter   indicating 'soft' pronunciation, the phone is spirantized to a fricative. Hard taw (taw qšīṯā) is Romanized as a plain t, while the soft form of the letter (taw rakkīḵtā) is transliterated as ṯ or th.

title: Taw


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Timothy John Byford

Timothy John Byford (Тимоти Џон Бајфорд/Timoti Džon Bajford; 25 July 1941 – 5 May 2014) was an author, film director, translator, and educator.

Byford was born in England, but spent most of his life in Belgrade. He became a naturalized citizen of Serbia in 2004. He directed children's television programmes, first in the UK for the BBC, and later in Yugoslavia, for TV Belgrade and TV Sarajevo. His children's TV series enjoyed great success in former Yugoslavia, and continue to be popular.

Biography
Born in Salisbury, Wiltshire, Byford started his TV career directing films for the BBC Blue Peter programme. His first TV documentary "I Want to Be a Showjumper" won a BAFTA Harlequin "Rediffusion Star Award" (for Children's Programmes) in 1970.

In 1971 he moved to Yugoslavia, where he married and continued to write and direct children's television programmes during the 1970s and 1980s. He is best known for his children's TV series: Neven ('Marigold'), Babino unuče ('Granny's Boy') and Poletarac ('Fledgling'), all for TV Belgrade, as well as Nedeljni zabavnik ('Sunday Magazine'), 'Musical Notebook' and Tragom ptice Dodo ('On the Trail of the Dodo'), all for TV Sarajevo. 'Fledgling' won a Grand Prix at the Prix Jeunesse International Festival in Munich in 1980.

He spent his last fifteen years teaching English, writing and translating. In 2006, after 40 years of working with children, he joined the Children's Cultural Centre Belgrade, where he wrote and directed programmes, taught English and translated. He has written and published a self-portrait trilogy, "Pigs Do Not Eat Banana Skins", completed a collection of seven short stories under the title "The Golden Candlestick", and completed his official autobiography, "Warts and All".

His name is also associated with a park in the southern suburbs of Belgrade, Banjica Forest, as during the late 1980s he campaigned for it to have special protection because of the large number of nightingales and other species of birds that nest in it. The wood is now an officially protected natural habitat and has its name changed officially to Byford's Forest in 2015.

On 1 April 2010, Byford celebrated the 50th year of his artistic career with the opening of his photograph exhibition, Joy in 100 Pictures, consisting of photographs he took at the 'Joy of Europe' festivals in 2008 and 2009. The same year, he appeared on screen as a cricket umpire in a television advert for Mivela water during the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The ad featured players from the Serbia national cricket team and Serbian footballer Radosav Petrović.

Pension issue
Byford moved to Belgrade, Serbia, former Yugoslavia in 1971 and as a foreigner he was not allowed to participate in the state's pension fund system. Since his wife was from former Yugoslavia (now Serbia), he should inherit the citizenship right after a certain number of years spent in marriage. He received Serbian citizenship only at the age of 65 after intervention of Serbia's then president Boris Tadić. It was too late to become a pension fund participant, since he would be at the age of 80 before he gains the right for a minimal pension.

On 1 January 2011, Serbian newspaper agency Blic wrote an article about Mr. Byford being rejected for a national recognition award for his contribution and previous work (which effectively provides the right to a national pension), despite being nominated by several of his colleagues as described in an interview. Rejecting Mr. Byford's requests for the pension caused significant discontent among people who remember his work from their childhood. Two weeks later after the original article was published, Mr. Byford applied for and received a regular pension, giving him the right to apply for a National Pension. In a later article Byford thanked many supporters who offered their help and started a petition on a Facebook social network. As a result, Mr. Byford received several job offers, but many of them he had to turn down due to his specific health issues. Mr. Byford eventually returned to RTS as a consultant in the Children's Programmes Department. In January 2012 he received national recognition and was awarded a National Pension.

Death
In 2005 Byford was diagnosed with multiple myeloma, a type of cancer formed by malignant plasma cells. He died of the illness on 5 May 2014 in Belgrade. Byford was cremated at the Belgrade's Novo Groblje cemetery on 12 May 2014. He was survived by his former wife Ljudmila "Mila" Stanojević; wife Zorica and  three sons : Justin, Jovan, Andrej.

title: Timothy John Byford


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File:Yello - You Gotta Say Yes To Another Excess CD cover.jpg

Summary
Yello - You Gotta Say Yes To Another Excess. Original UK CD cover

Licensing
Original UK release album cover - album covers are fair use. Picture scanned by me Ian Dunster from original UK CD album.


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United (Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell album)

United is a studio album by soul musicians Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell, released August 29, 1967 on the Motown-subsidiary label Tamla Records. Harvey Fuqua and Johnny Bristol produced all of the tracks on the album, with the exception of "You Got What It Takes" (produced by Motown CEO Berry Gordy, Jr.) and "Oh How I'd Miss You" (produced by Hal Davis). Fuqua and Bristol produced "Hold Me Oh My Darling" and "Two Can Have a Party" as Tammi Terrell solo tracks in 1965 and 1966, and had Gaye overdub his vocals to them in order to create duet versions of the songs.

United was the duo’s as well as Marvin Gaye’s most successful album of the 1960’s with sales almost reaching one million copies, it yielded four Top 100 Billboard chart hits, including the two Top 10 singles "Your Precious Love," "If I Could Build My Whole World Around You," the Top 20 single, "Ain't No Mountain High Enough" and "If This World Were Mine". United peaked at #69 on the U.S. Billboard 200 album chart and #7 on the U.S. Billboard R&B albums chart upon its release. The album was the first of three collaborative albums by Gaye and Terrell.

Track listing

 * 1) "Ain't No Mountain High Enough" (Nickolas Ashford, Valerie Simpson) – 2:32
 * 2) "You Got What It Takes" (Berry Gordy, Jr., Gwen Gordy, Tyran Carlo) – 2:59
 * 3) "If I Could Build My Whole World Around You" (Harvey Fuqua, Johnny Bristol, Vernon Bullock) – 2:26
 * 4) "Somethin' Stupid" (C. Carson Parks) – 2:46
 * 5) "Your Precious Love" ( Ashford, Simpson) – 3:07
 * 6) "Hold Me Oh My Darling" (Harvey Fuqua) – 2:50
 * 7) "Two Can Have a Party" (Johnny Bristol, Fuqua, Thomas Kemp) – 2:19
 * 8) "Little Ole Boy, Little Ole Girl" (Fuqua, Etta James, Brook Benton) – 2:46
 * 9) "If This World Were Mine" (Marvin Gaye) – 2:46
 * 10) "Sad Wedding" (Bristol, Jackey Beavers) – 3:27
 * 11) "Give a Little Love" (Bristol, Fuqua, Clyde Wilson) – 3:01
 * 12) "Oh How I'd Miss You" (Hal Davis, Frank Wilson, Vance Wilson) – 2:37

Chart history
Billboard (North America) – United

Personnel

 * Lead vocals: Marvin Gaye, Tammi Terrell
 * Background vocals: Marvin Gaye, Tammi Terrell, Harvey Fuqua, Johnny Bristol, The Originals, The Andantes, The Spinners
 * Production: Harvey Fuqua, Johnny Bristol, Hal Davis, Berry Gordy, Jr.
 * Instrumentation: The Funk Brothers (uncredited)


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Bedford (provincial electoral district)

Bedford was a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that elected one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. Its current Member of the Legislative Assembly is Kelly Regan.

The electoral district was created in 1978 as Bedford-Musquodoboit Valley from the redistribution of Halifax Cobequid. The name was changed to Bedford-Fall River in 1993 and the district lost the Musquodoboit Valley area to Colchester-Musquodoboit Valley.

In 2003, the district was renamed Bedford. It lost the Fall River and Waverley areas and gained one third of Halifax Bedford Basin, as well as an area along the Hammonds Plains Road. It comprises most of Bedford and all of the community southeast of the Bicentennial Highway.

The district is notable for the electoral loss of Liberal leader Francis MacKenzie, in the 2006 election. MacKenzie attempted to win the seat in 2006 for the Nova Scotia Liberal Party. The party polled less than 24% across the province. He lost by more than 800 votes to Len Goucher.

On September 30, 2008 the name of the Bedford district was officially changed to Bedford-Birch Cove. With the 2012 electoral boundary changes, the area of Kearney Lake and Birch Cove moved to Clayton Park West and name of the district officially changed back to Bedford.

In the 2021 Nova Scotia general election, the riding was abolished into Bedford South and Bedford Basin.

Members of the Legislative Assembly
This riding has elected the following members of the Legislative Assembly:

2013

 * Nova Scotia Liberal Party|Liberal
 * Kelly Regan
 * align="right"|6,081
 * align="right"|60.66
 * align="right"|+16.18

 * Nova Scotia Progressive Conservative Party|Progressive Conservative
 * Joan Christie
 * align="right"|2,026
 * align="right"|20.21
 * align="right"|-0.54

 * New Democratic Party
 * Mike Poworozynk
 * align="right"|1,701
 * align="right"|16.97
 * align="right"|-15.53

 * }

title: Bedford (provincial electoral district)


text:
User:Rrandolph

I'm not terribly interesting.

I'm a systems and network management consultant specializing in HP Openview products.

title: User:Rrandolph


text:
Frankie and Johnny (1966 film)

Frankie and Johnny is a 1966 American Western musical film starring Elvis Presley as a riverboat gambler. The role of "Frankie" was played by Donna Douglas from The Beverly Hillbillies TV series. The film reached #40 on the Variety weekly national box office list for 1966. The budget of the film was estimated at $4.5 million. The director was Frederick De Cordova, who in 1970 went on to become the director and producer of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson.

Plot
Johnny and girlfriend Frankie are performers on a Mississippi River riverboat, which also has a casino. Johnny is a compulsive gambler who is down on his luck and in debt. Johnny and his friend Cully, a musician and composer, visit a gypsy camp to get his fortune told. A lady reads tea leaves and tells Johnny that he will soon meet a red-haired woman who will bring him luck.

Back on the boat, Johnny and Cully promptly encounter Nellie Bly, their boss Clint Braden's on-again, off-again girlfriend. Nellie has just caught Braden seducing another singer, Mitzi. Since she has red hair, Nellie is persuaded by Johnny to touch his chips for luck. After he wins, Johnny is convinced that the gypsy must be correct. Frankie finds out and becomes jealous, as does Johnny's boss.

In a bit of musical theatre, Frankie shoots Johnny for dancing with Nellie Bly while singing Cully's latest song. A Broadway recruiter sees the riverboat show and buys the rights to this new song, suggesting that Frankie and Johnny should work together with him in New York City. Landing in New Orleans, the musical cast and riverboat crew attend a masked ball. Frankie, Nellie and Mitzi all rent the same Madame Pompadour costume.

Johnny is eager for the luck of redhead Nellie to win more money, contrary to Frankie's expressed wishes. Being masked and in costume, Frankie and Nellie scheme to switch places to test Johnny's lucky-redhead theory. Johnny wins $10,000 at roulette, but when he kisses the woman he believes to be Nellie, he discovers the switch. Frankie is furious and throws all the winnings out of a window, into the street.

Blackie, a dim-witted stooge who works for the boss, hears Braden drunkenly complain about how he has lost Nellie. Thinking he can be of help, Blackie switches the blank cartridge in Frankie's stage gun for a real bullet.

The boss tries to prevent the impending disaster, but arrives on stage too late and Johnny is shot for real. Frankie forgives his gambling as the love of her life appears to be dying, but he stands up, apparently unhurt. Johnny was saved because the bullet struck a lucky medallion he was wearing that Frankie had given him.

Cast

 * Elvis Presley as Johnny
 * Donna Douglas as Frankie
 * Harry Morgan as Cully
 * Sue Ane Langdon as Mitzi
 * Nancy Kovack as Nellie Bly
 * Audrey Christie as Peg
 * Anthony Eisley as Clint Braden
 * Robert Strauss as Blackie
 * Joyce Jameson as Abigail
 * Naomi Stevens as Princess Zolita (uncredited)
 * Dave Willock as the bartender (uncredited)

Production
Filming started in May 1965 and took place in Hollywood and New Orleans. Under his contract with United Artists, Presley was paid $700,000 plus 50% of the profits.

Reception
Howard Thompson of The New York Times reported that the film opened with a "dull thud" and "sheds feathers almost from the start" stating that Presley's formula never before "seemed so feeble and so obvious."

Variety wrote that the film "hits the mark as pleasant entertainment, and is certain to be another Presley money-winner."

Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times felt that despite "generally mediocre production values" particularly lacking in good dance numbers, the film was "fast-moving fun" and a good vehicle for Presley.

The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote: "After a long series of lifeless flops, Elvis Presley is here right back on form; or at least the film round him is (Elvis himself rarely changes) ... Although the story tends to sag a little during the romantic complications, the script is pleasantly witty, with Henry Morgan and the enchanting Nancy Kovack outstanding."

title: Frankie and Johnny (1966 film)


text:
User talk:199.164.68.178

March 2023
Hello, I'm Idontknowwhattouseasmyusername300. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Holmes County, Florida have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Teahouse or the Help desk. Thanks. Idontknowwhattouseasmyusername300 (talk) 14:32, 7 March 2023 (UTC)

April 2023
This is your only warning; if you vandalize Wikipedia again, as you did at Lists of foods, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. -- ScrewVector2023 (talk) 23:19, 20 April 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:199.164.68.178


text:
May 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

May 22 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - May 24

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on June 5 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For May 23rd, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on May 10.

Saints

 * Holy Myrrh-bearer Mary, the wife of Cleopas, aunt of Jesus (1st century)
 * Saint Manaen (Manahen), prophet and teacher of the Church of Antioch (Acts 13:1) (1st century)
 * Martyr Seleucus (Selefkos), by sawing.
 * Saint Michael the Confessor, Bishop of Synnada in Phrygia Salutaris (826)
 * Hieromartyr Michael the black-robed, monk of St. Sabbas Monastery (9th century)

Pre-Schism Western saints

 * Hieromartyrs Epitacius, first Bishop of Tui in Galicia (Spain); and Basileus, second Bishop of Braga in Portugal c. 60-95 (1st century)
 * Saint Euphebius, Bishop of Naples in Italy.
 * Martyr Salonas the Roman, by the sword.
 * Martyrs Donatianus and Rogatianus of Nantes, brothers (c. 284-305)
 * Saint Merculialis of Forli (Mercurialis), Bishop of Forlì, zealous opponent of paganism and Arianism (406)
 * Saint Desiderius of Langres, Bishop of Langres in Gaul (407)
 * Martyrs Quintianus, Lucius and Julianus, with 19 other Christians in North Africa during the persecution of the Arian Vandals (430)
 * Saint Patricius (Patrice), Bishop of Bayeux in Normandy 464-469 AD (469)
 * Saints Eutychius and Florentius, two monks who governed a monastery in Valcastoria near Nursia, Italy (540)
 * Saint Goban (Gobhnena), Abbot of the monastery of Old Leighlin, from where he went to Tascaffin in Co. Limerick, Ireland (6th/7th century)
 * Hieromartyr Desiderius, Bishop of Vienne (608)
 * Saint Syagrius (Siacre) of Nice, a monk at Lérins Abbey, who later founded the monastery of St Pons, at Cimiez, after which he became Bishop of Nice 777-787 (787)
 * Saint Guibertus, a hermit on his own estate of Gembloux in Brabant, Belgium, who retired to the monastery of Gorze in France (962)

Post-Schism Orthodox saints

 * Saint Damian (Damianos in monasticm), (King Demetrius) of Georgia (1125-1156), Hymnographer (1156)
 * Saint Euphrosyne of Polatsk, Princess (1173)
 * Saint Simon, Bishop of Suzdal (c. 12th century)
 * Saint Abramios of Yaroslavl, monk and abbot of the Savior Monastery in Yaroslavl (1219)
 * Saint Ioannicius I, Metropolitan of Peć and Archbishop of Serbia 1272-1276 AD (1279)
 * Saint Anthony, Bishop of Rostov (1336)
 * Saint Cyril, Bishop of Rostov (1384)
 * Saint Paisius of Galich, abbot (1460)
 * Saints Adrian and Bogolep of Uglich, monks of St. Paisius of Uglich Monastery (late 15th century)
 * Saints Anthony and Joannicius of Zaonikiev Monastery (Vologda) (16th century)
 * Saint Dorotheus of Pskov Lavra, monk and hermit (1622), and Monk Hilarion of the Dormition of the Theotokos monastery near Podolsk (17th-18th century)
 * Saint Alexander, Bishop and Wonderworker of Pereiaslav (17th century)
 * Saint Joachim, monk of St. Nicholas monastery of Sartoma (17th century)
 * Synaxis of All Saints of Rostov and Yaroslavl (established on March 10, 1964):
 * Rostov Wonderworkers: Bishop Leontius (1073); Archimandrite Abraham the wonderworker (1073-1077); Bishop Isaiah, wonderworker (1090); Prince Basil (1238); Bishop Ignatius (1288); Peter, Tsarevich of Ordynsk (1290); Bishop James (1391); Archbishop Theodore (1394); Blessed Isidore, Fool-for-Christ (1474); Blessed John of the Hair-Shirt (the Merciful), Fool-for-Christ (1580); Monk Irenarchus the Hermit (1616); Metropolitan Demetrius (1709);
 * Yaroslav Wonderworkers: Princes Basil (1249); Constantine (1257); Theodore (1299) and his sons David (1321) and Constantine (XIV);
 * Pereslavl Wonderworkers: Monk Nikita the Stylite (1186); Prince Alexander Nevsky (1263); Prince Andrew of Smolensk (15th century); Monk Daniel the Archimandrite (1540);
 * Uglich Wonderworkers: Prince Roman (1285); Monk Paisius (1504); Monk Cassian (1504); Monk Ignatius of Lomsk (1591); Tsarevich Demetrius (1591);
 * Poshekhonsk Wonderworkers: Monk Sylvester of Obnora (1379); Monk Sebastian (1542); Hieromartyr Adrian (1550); Monk Gennadius of Liubimograd and Kostroma (1565).

Other commemorations

 * Icon of the Theotokos  'Thou Art the True Vine' .
 * Uncovering of the relics (1164) of St. Leontius, Bishop and Wonderworker of Rostov (1073)
 * Saint Athanasius of Novolotsk, fool-for-Christ (16th/17th century)
 * Hieromartyr Daniel with 30 monks and 200 laymen of Uglich, during the Polish–Muscovite War (1608)
 * Repose of Hieromonk Damascene of Valaam (1825)
 * Repose of Hieroschemamonk Meletius of Svir, disciple of Elder Theodore of Svir (1877)
 * Repose of Nun Euphrosyne, disciple of St. Barsanuphius of Optina (1934)
 * Restitution of the holy relics of Saint Joachim of Ithaca (1868)
 * Uncovering of the relics of martyrs Evdokia Sheykovoy, Daria Timaginoy, Daria Ulybin, and Mary Neizvestnaya (2001)

title: May 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)


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Ricardo Vidal

Ricardo Tito Jamin Vidal (Ricardus Titus Vidal; Ricardo Tito Vidal y Jamín; (February 6, 1931 – October 18, 2017) was a Filipino prelate of the Catholic Church. Made a cardinal in 1985, he was Archbishop of Cebu from 1982 to 2010.

Early life and education
Vidal was born on February 6, 1931, in Mogpog, Marinduque to Faustino S. Vidal of Pila, Laguna, and Natividad Jamin of Mogpog, the fifth of six siblings. In 1937, Vidal received his first communion at the International Eucharistic Celebration. He attended Mogpog Elementary School for his primary education.

Vidal studied at the Minor Seminary of the Most Holy Rosary (now Our Lady of Mount Carmel Seminary) in Sariaya, Quezon, and at the Saint Francis de Sales Seminary in Lipa, Batangas, where he studied philosophy. He also studied theology at the San Carlos Seminary in Makati, Metro Manila.

Ministry
Vidal was ordained a deacon on September 24, 1955, and as a priest on March 17, 1956, on Lucena, Quezon Province, by Bishop Alfredo Obviar. Vidal became the spiritual director of the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Seminary in Sariaya, Quezon.

He was appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Malolos on November 30, 1971 and was consecrated bishop by Archbishop Carmine Rocco, Apostolic Nuncio to the Philippines. Less than two years later, he was appointed Archbishop of Lipa by Pope Paul VI. Pope John Paul II appointed Vidal Coadjutor Archbishop of Cebu in 1981 and he became archbishop there on August 24, 1982, succeeding Cardinal Julio Rosales.

Vidal was a frequent collaborator with Bishop Teofilo Camomot and bore witness to the native Cebuano prelate's claimed miraculous deed. Vidal also helped found the Catechist Missionaries of St. Theresa, a Catholic religious congregation.

Vidal was President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) from 1986 to 1987 and became Chairman of the CBCP-Episcopal Commission on the Clergy in 1989. He was appointed the Federation of Asian Bishops' Conferences's Convenor of the Standing Committee (1985 to 1994). He was a delegate to the Synod on Reconciliation (1983), the Extraordinary Synod (1985), the Synod on Priests (1991), and the Synod on Religious Life (1994), and also served as President Delegate at the 1989 Synod on the Laity. He was also a member of the Permanent Council of the Synod from 1989 to 1994. Vidal's posts in the Roman Curia included memberships in the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, the Congregation for Catholic Education, and the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers.

College of Cardinals
On May 25, 1985, he became Cardinal-Priest of Ss. Pietro e Paolo a Via Ostiense. He was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2005 papal conclave that elected Pope Benedict XVI, the only Filipino cardinal to do so, because Cardinal Jaime Sin's poor health prevented him from attending.

Leadership in the Philippines
Vidal and the Cardinal Archbishop of Manila Jaime Sin supported the 1986 Philippine People Power Revolution. As Archbishop of Cebu and president of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines, Vidal led the rest of the Philippine prelates and made a joint declaration against the government and the results of the snap election.

In 1989 President Corazon Aquino asked Vidal to convince General Jose Comendador, who was sympathetic to the rebel forces fighting her government, to surrender peacefully. His intervention averted what could have been a bloody coup.

In 2001, during the 2001 People Power Revolution Vidal convinced President Joseph Estrada to step down. Estrada was later detained. Vidal along with Senator Manny Villar and House Speaker Jose de Venecia Jr. wrote a letter appealing to President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to grant pardon to Estrada in the "spirit of national unity and reconciliation". Estrada was pardoned and released from detention on October 26, 2007.

Later life and death
Pope Benedict XVI accepted Vidal's resignation as Archbishop of Cebu on October 15, 2010. He was succeeded by Archbishop Jose S. Palma of Palo.

In retirement, Vidal lived in Sto. Niño Village in Cebu City. He continued presiding at Masses and attending events organized by the Archdiocese of Cebu. He underwent a coronary angiogram procedure and had a pacemaker installed in 2004. He experienced a mild stroke on September 23, 2013. He was confined to the hospital multiple times beginning in 2014 for pneumonia. He was confined in a hospital in May 2017 for the same illness, given the Catholic sacrament of anointing of the sick on October 11, and died on October 18.

Recognition
Vidal received recognition from the government. On December 7, 2010, the Senate of the Philippines recognized his service to Cebu by Senate Resolution NO. 306: "It is resolved by the Senate, to honor Ricardo Cardinal Vidal, Archbishop of Cebu, for his service to the people of Cebu, providing spiritual leadership and inspiration, helping the community avert or survive several crises and conflicts, often acting as a peacekeeper and giving the voice of moderation amid clashing views and interests in local and national issues."

He also received recognition from the House of Representatives through House Resolution 593. The Province of Cebu gave the highest award that a province could give, the Order of Lapu-lapu. The cities of Cebu and Talisay made him an "adopted son" of the two localities. In March 2009 the University of the Visayas granted him the title of Doctor of Humanities honoris causa.

Calls for canonization
There have been calls for Vidal to be proclaimed a saint. Vidal was influential in pushing for the canonization of several Filipinos, especially Pedro Calungsod. Filipino Catholics have been urging that Vidal receive the same honor. During the necrological service at Vidal's wake, the Cebu City North District Representative, Raul del Mar, called on Catholic Church officials to work for the canonization of Vidal, whom he describes to have lived a life of holiness and noteworthy humility that is worthy of sainthood. Among those who claim that the archbishop lived a holy life was Senator Vicente Sotto III, who said to the news reporters as he showed a rosary given to him by Vidal, "Now, I have a new friend in heaven. He is praying for me."

title: Ricardo Vidal


text:
Category:Lichenologists

A lichenologist is a biologist who studies lichens.

title: Category:Lichenologists


text:
Ethical solipsism

Ethical solipsism is a form of personal morality that holds that no other moral judgement exists or matters apart from one's own individual moral judgement. It is related to ethical egoism but with the difference that the ethical egoist thinks that individuals should abide by the morality of social order to the extent that it is in their own self-interest to do so.

Due to the solipsistic uncertainty regarding the existence of external beings, it is possible for the ethical solipsist to adhere to external moral standards, for other beings may be real and conscious.

It has been suggested by Wojciech Załuski that a true ethical solipsist will be an adult who will belittle the reality of other people and show a negative ethical evaluation; this could include extreme narcissism or egotism and the Marquise de Sade’s philosophie de libertinage may be one example of this.

Sami Pihlström has suggested that an ethical solipsist will have an attitude of both humility and responsibility for others.

title: Ethical solipsism


text:
Talk:Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Major

Would anyone object to my moving this page to Scipio Africanus, and moving that page to Scipio Africanus (disambiguation)? This Scipio Africanus is Scipio Africanus, and is referred to as such (unless it's a context specifically referring to the period prior to the Battle of Zama, when he's just P. Cornelius Scipio); anyone looking for information is going to type "Scipio Africanus". Anyone looking for information on his grandson is going to type "Scipio Aemilianus".

If I hear no objection in 72 hours, I'll move the pages.Binabik80 14:55, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/FinalFantasy123

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  08:40, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

FinalFantasy123
Vanity, non-notable flash artist. Was subject of previous VfD with Delete consensus. Delete again. Thatdog 08:07, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable artist. JamesBurns 09:28, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Thatdog. Dcarrano 14:30, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy since it is recreated content. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 06:41, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It's not a recreation. The previous nomination was never listed in the log, meaning it was never seen, or closed, or deleted, or recreated. --Dmcdevit·t 21:08, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, I change my vote to delete then. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 21:32, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Francis Throckmorton

Sir Francis Throckmorton (1554 – 10 July 1584) was a conspirator against Queen Elizabeth I of England in the Throckmorton Plot.

Early life
He was the son of Sir John Throckmorton, Queen Mary's principal legal counsel, who was himself the seventh out of eight sons of Sir George Throckmorton of Coughton Court, and Margery Puttenham, daughter of Robert Puttenham and sister of George Puttenham. He was a nephew of Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, one of Elizabeth's diplomats, who had held the post of Chief Justice of Chester but was removed in 1579, a year before his death. His paternal grandmother, Hon. Katherine Vaux, daughter of Nicholas Vaux, 1st Baron Vaux of Harrowden, was the paternal aunt of the Protestant queen consort of King Henry VIII, Catherine Parr.

In 1567, Throckmorton was betrothed to Anne Sutton, heir to the manors of Sedgely, Himley and Swinford in Staffordshire, and daughter of Sir Edward Sutton, 4th Baron Dudley and Katherine Brydges, who had been one of Queen Mary the I's Gentlewomen of the Privy Chamber, herself the daughter of John Brydges, 1st Baron Chandos, who was Lieutenant of the Tower of London during the reign of Mary I. The year following the betrothal, Anne, who would have been about 11 or 12, went to Ripford in Worcestershire to be brought up by Throckmorton's mother, Margery. The marriage bond is dated July 1571, though no parish register entry survives. The couple had a son, John, who is mentioned in his grandmother Margery's will of 1591.

Francis Throckmorton was educated from 1572 at Hart Hall, Oxford and entered the Inner Temple in London as a pupil in 1576. In Oxford he had come under the influence of Catholics, and when Edmund Campion and Robert Persons came to England in 1580 to conduct Jesuit propaganda, Francis was one of the members of the Temple who helped them.

Conspiracy to overthrow Queen Elizabeth I
In 1580, Throckmorton, with his brother Thomas, travelled to the European continent and met leading Catholic malcontents from England in Spain and France. It was in Paris that he met Charles Paget and Thomas Morgan, agents of Mary, Queen of Scots. His brother Thomas settled in Paris permanently in 1582.

Following Throckmorton's return to England in 1583, he served as an intermediary for communications between supporters of the Catholic cause on the continent, the imprisoned Mary, Queen of Scots, and the Spanish ambassador Bernardino de Mendoza. The plot intended an invasion of England by a French force under command of the Duke of Guise, or by Spanish and Italian forces sent by Philip II of Spain for the purpose of releasing the imprisoned Mary Queen of Scots and restoring the Catholic Church in England and Wales. Throckmorton occupied a house, on Paul's Wharf in London, which served as a meeting-place for the conspirators.

Throckmorton carried Mary's letters to the French ambassador Michel de Castelnau, Sieur de Mauvissière and his secretary Claude de Courcelles, who resided at Salisbury Court near Fleet Street. In 2023 coded letters from Mary to Castelnau were discovered in the Bibliothèque nationale de France and deciphered. The letters were probably put into cipher by Mary's secretaries Gilbert Curle, Claude Nau, and Jérôme Pasquier. In the ciphered texts Throckmorton was given the codename or alias Monsieur de la Tour.

Throckmorton's activities raised the suspicions of Sir Francis Walsingham, Elizabeth I's spymaster and he was arrested in October 1583. A search of his house produced incriminating evidence and, after torture upon the rack, Throckmorton confessed his involvement in a plot to overthrow the Queen and restore the Catholic Church in England. An invasion led by Henry I, Duke of Guise, would have been coupled with an orchestrated uprising of Catholics within the country.

Throckmorton was tried at the Guildhall on 21 May 1584.

Death
Throckmorton later retracted his confession, but other sources of the plot, and a search of his premises, further incriminated him. His arrest led to the end of the conspiracy and the expulsion of the Spanish ambassador He was convicted of high treason and executed by hanging at Tyburn on 10 July 1584, but on the scaffold he revoked his second confession, calling God to witness that it was drawn from him by the hope of pardon.

An execution ballad called The Lamentation of Englande was published in London later in 1584 which described some details of Throckmorton's crime and execution:

"Throgmorton lately did conspire, to overthrowe the State: That Strangers might invade the Realme upon an Evening late: And lande in places where he knewe, the Realme was something weake: The secret of which thing he did, to forraine Princes breake. Pray, pray, etc.

... Even so the Lord by his great might, my comfort doth maintaine, In keeping and preserving still, my Prince from Traitors traine. And did preserve her from the harmes, Throgmorton did pretende: Who even at Tyborne for the same, did make a shamefull ende. Pray, pray, etc."

In September 1586, Mary, Queen of Scots' servant Jérôme Pasquier was questioned in the Tower of London by Thomas Phelippes. He confessed to writing a letter in cipher for Mary to send to the French ambassador Michel de Castelnau asking him to negotiate a pardon for Francis Throckmorton in a prisoner exchange.

In film and literature
Sir Francis Throckmorton is featured in the film Elizabeth: The Golden Age, where he is played by Steven Robertson. In the film, he is shown asking for help from his cousin, Elizabeth Throckmorton, one of Queen Elizabeth's ladies-in-waiting and later the wife of Sir Walter Raleigh.

Throckmorton's recruitment to act as a courier to Queen Mary and the way he was discovered by Walsingham's agents are depicted in Ken Follett's historical novel A Column of Fire. As depicted in the book, Throckmorton was a minor member of the conspiracy, with the main organiser who recruited him managing to escape undetected.

title: Francis Throckmorton


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The Iron Man (novel)

The Iron Man: A Children's Story in Five Nights is a 1968 science fiction novel by British Poet Laureate Ted Hughes, first published by Faber and Faber in the UK with illustrations by George Adamson. Described by some as a modern fairy tale, it narrates the unexpected arrival in England of a giant "metal man" of unknown origin who rains destruction on the countryside by eating industrial farm equipment, before befriending a small boy and defending the world from a dragon from outer space. Expanding the narrative beyond a criticism of warfare and inter-human conflict, Hughes later wrote a sequel, The Iron Woman (1993), describing retribution based on environmental themes related to pollution.

Story
The Iron Man arrives seemingly from nowhere, and his appearance is described in detail. He first appears falling off a cliff, but his various pieces reassemble themselves, starting with his hands finding his eyes and progressing from there. He is unable to find one ear, which was taken by seagulls earlier, and walks into the sea to find it.

He eventually returns to the country and begins to feed on local farm equipment. When the farm hands discover their destroyed tractors and diggers, a trap is set consisting of a covered pit on which a red lorry is set as bait. Hogarth, a local boy, lures the Iron Man to the trap. The plan succeeds, and the Iron Man is buried alive. The next spring, the Iron Man digs himself free of the pit. To keep him out of the way, Hogarth brings the Iron Man to a scrap-heap to feast. The Iron Man promises not to cause further trouble for the locals, as long as no one troubles him.

Time passes, and the Iron Man is treated as merely another member of the community. However, astronomers monitoring the sky make a frightening new discovery: an enormous space-being, resembling a dragon, moving from orbit to land on Earth. The creature (soon dubbed the "Space-Bat-Angel-Dragon") crashes heavily on Australia (which it is large enough to cover the whole of) and demands that humanity provide him with food (anything alive) or he will take it by force.

Terrified, humans send their armies to destroy the dragon, but it is unharmed by their weapons. When the Iron Man hears of this global threat, he allows himself to be disassembled and transported to Australia where he challenges the creature to a contest of strength. If the Iron Man can withstand the heat of burning petroleum for longer than the creature can withstand the heat of the Sun, the creature must obey the Iron Man's commands forevermore: if the Iron Man melts or is afraid of melting before the space being undergoes or fears pain in the Sun, the creature has permission to devour the whole Earth.

After playing this game for two rounds, the dragon is so badly burned that he no longer appears physically frightening. The Iron Man by contrast has only a deformed ear-lobe to show for his pains. The alien creature admits defeat. When asked why he came to Earth, the dragon reveals that he is a peaceful "star spirit" who experienced excitement about the ongoing sights and sounds produced by the violent warfare of humanity. In his own life, he was a singer of the "music of the spheres"; the harmony of his kind that keeps the cosmos in balance in stable equilibrium.

The Iron Man orders the dragon to sing to the inhabitants of Earth, flying just behind the sunset, to help soothe humanity toward a sense of peace. The beauty of his music distracts the population from its egocentrism and tendency to fight, causing the first worldwide lasting peace.

Publishing
The first North American edition was also published in 1968, by Harper & Row with illustrations by Robert Nadler. Its main title was changed to The Iron Giant, and internal mentions of the metal man changed to iron giant, to avoid confusion with the Marvel Comics character Iron Man. American editions have continued the practice, as Iron Man has become a multimedia franchise.

Faber and Faber published a new edition in 1985 with illustrations by Andrew Davidson, for which Hughes and Davidson won the Kurt Maschler Award, or the Emils. From 1982 to 1999 that award recognised one British "work of imagination for children, in which text and illustration are integrated so that each enhances and balances the other." The 1985 Davidson edition was published in Britain and America (retaining 'giant') and there were re-issues with the Davidson illustrations, including some with other cover artists. Yet the novel has been re-illustrated by at least two others, Dirk Zimmer and Laura Carlin (current, Walker Books).

In August 2019, an updated illustrated version was released in the UK with new illustrations from artist Chris Mould.

Adaptations

 * Pete Townshend produced a musical concept album based on the novel in 1989.
 * In 1999, Warner Bros. released an animated film using the novel as a basis, titled The Iron Giant, directed by Brad Bird and co-produced by Pete Townshend.

title: The Iron Man (novel)


text:
Talk:Phosphorus pentachloride

I'm wondering if there is enough material to write separate articles on Phosphorus trichloride and Phosphorus pentachloride. For now, I'm lumping these two together in one article, Phosphorus chlorides. Also, I'm wondering if Phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) should be thrown in here too, or is there sufficient material for a separate article. If this article is eventually separated, maybe POCl3 should go with PCl5 as a product of PCl5 reactions. H Padleckas 14:57, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I think that there is definitely enough on the various chlorides to warrant separate pages for each, though this page is a useful one too, particularly if we can include POCl3 as well. I hadn't realised before, but it turns out that PCl3 is a commodity chemical (I think hundreds of thousands of tonnes/year, if I recall correctly from Greenwood & Earnshaw).  It is used for making plasticisers like tricresyl phosphate, as well as triphenylphosphine (I think I recall BASF uses the Wittig rxn on a large scale) and phosphite esters.  As for POCl3, it is used in organic chemistry to dehydrate amides to nitriles and related things like hydroxypyrimidines to chloropyrimidines, and to carry out a Bischler-Napieralski reaction.  PCl5 will do some of the same chemistry, but it is different again- it is the best one for delivering chlorine of the three.  For example, I think that if you treat acetone with PCl3 or POCl3 you don't get any replacement going on (though maybe POCl3 might make mesitylene, there's a research idea!), whereas PCl5 will make 2,2-dichloropropane.  So as I see it they have some similarities (making this page useful), but each is distinct enough and important enough to warrant their own page too.  Also see response on my talk page.  Walkerma 17:44, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I have just a little more to write on phosphorus pentachloride here in this article, and then I will be done. I added some tidbits about phosphorus oxytrichloride and a picture of it in this article. Maybe the article should be renamed to "Phosphorus chlorides and oxychloride". H Padleckas 12:02, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I think the name should stay the same, from what I've seen articles with complicated titles tend to get overlooked. As long as you state in the intro that you are covering POCl3 as well, that is fine IMHO. Walkerma 19:41, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

 * A presentable draft of a phosphorus halides page is now available for comment at User:Physchim62/Temp. A page such as this enables us to give some information about compounds which either do not merit their own page or for which we haven't yet got round to writing a better article. I have only included commercially available oxyhalides and thiohalides, for want of data on the others at present. All comments are welcome, either as to the utility of such a page or as to the choice of information which should go on it. Physchim62 13:56, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

Proposal to move this article to a new title "phosphorus pentachloride"
Phosphorus pentachloride merits its own page. Phosphorus trichloride and phosphorus oxytrichloride already have their own dedicated articles. So my proposal is to go through this one, moving material to those two pages and leaving the rest for PCl5. We'll need a ChemBox and tidying up. Please register your views or recommendations on my proposal. One downside is that yes, there would no longer be a page that gave an overview of phosphorus halides. One approach would be to leave the present article alone and just start a PCl5 artcle, but I doubt if WEChem community wants a general chloride page for each element.--Smokefoot 22:41, 14 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I think I'd support that, you can see some of my comments in the above debates. I'd propose merging some of the more general stuff into the broader phosphorus halides article.  I think having this intermediate level of coverage (chlorides) is a bit redundant.  I'll solicit comments from User:H Padleckas. Walkerma 04:48, 15 October 2006 (UTC)
 * At one time, I collected some notes on phosphorus chlorides, especially phosphorus pentachloride, for use in expanding this article. Unfortunately, I cannot find these notes; it appears as if I won't get back to finishing this article the way I once planned.  At that time Wikipedia was much smaller, there were fewer chemists working on Wikipedia and significantly less written on chemistry, and many chemistry articles wanting for improvement.  I originally started the Phosphorus chlorides article to cover multiple compunds, in a manner similar to the Phosphoric acids and phosphates article I wrote as well as a few other multi-compound articles.  Since then, WikiProject Chemicals was started, the number of chemists working on Wikipedia has increased considerably and many chemistry and compound articles have been started or expanded.  A general consensus seems to have been created in the WikiProject Chemicals that individual compounds should have their own articles in many cases.

 * We do not want a general chlorides page for every element, mostly because most elements will have only one form of chloride and in many cases the chloride will not be that significant and there will not be that much to say about it. My opinion is that the chlorides of phosphorus are an exception, since there is more than one chloride and the phosphorus chlorides are significant reagents.  However, here is what we can do:

 * Move any general information on phosphorus chlorides to the Phosphorus halides article.
 * Move information specific to a certain compound, such as phosphorus pentachloride into its own article (except for the obscure P2Cl4).
 * Turn Phosphorus chlorides into a REDIRECT going to Phosphorus halides. The only problem is that some old phosphorus pentachloride links may go to the Phosphorus halides article.  However in time, I think these can be fixed.  H Padleckas 00:33, 16 October 2006 (UTC)
 * The problems of page moves are not insurmoutable: there are relatively few links to phosphorus pentachloride for the moment. I support the move, as I think it will give us fewer problems later when coverage becomes even larger... However, other info should be placed in phosphorus halides or elsewhere as appropriate: I shall watch this talk page "admin-wise" for these reasons. Physchim62 (talk) 14:13, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

New article
Okay I refreshed this thing, but no doubt I messed up some of it. I expanded the content on PCl5. Most of the other info in the previous article was already in PCl3 and POCl3, so there was not much to move. If I messed up this process, I have thick skin.--Smokefoot 00:35, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Phosphorus pentachloride


text:
Duncannon

Duncannon is a village in southwest County Wexford, Ireland. Bordered to the west by Waterford harbour and sitting on a rocky headland jutting into the channel is the strategically prominent Duncannon Fort which dominates the village.

Primarily a fishing village, Duncannon also relies on tourism and is situated on the marked "Ring of Hook" drive. Duncannon beach, a mile-long beach, was once a blue flag recipient.

Duncannon Fort, which was built in 1588, was used as a location for the opening scenes of the 2002 remake of 'The Count of Monte Cristo', starring Jim Caviezel and Richard Harris. After being closed for some time, Duncannon Fort reopened to the public in 2016 when guided tours recommenced.

History
According to legend, the settlement at Duncannon dates back to the time of Fionn mac Cumhaill (Finn McCool) and the Fianna in the 3rd century AD.

Duncannon was of strategic importance as its fort commanded the bay giving sea access to Waterford harbour. As a result, it was centrally involved in wars and sieges during the 17th and 18th centuries.

During the Irish Confederate Wars (1641–1652), the fort at Duncannon was initially occupied by English soldiers and used as a base for an attack on nearby Redmond's Hall (now Loftus Hall). During this period, it was besieged three times. In 1645, it was taken by an Irish Confederate army under general Thomas Preston. Its English garrison surrendered after lengthy bombardment, during which their second in command Larcan was killed, and a ship, The Great Lewis, trying to bring supplies to the garrison was sunk with the loss of 200 lives (see Siege of Duncannon). During the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, Duncannon was besieged again, as part of the Siege of Waterford, firstly in November 1649 by Oliver Cromwell and Michael Jones in 1649. The fort's Irish garrison held out, and the siege was abandoned in December of that year. However, in July 1650, Henry Ireton renewed the siege, and the fort and town surrendered after the fall of Waterford.

In 1659 and 1660, Duncannon was the only town to remain openly loyal to Edmund Ludlow after forces loyal to General George Monck took control of Dublin and other towns.

In the Williamite war in Ireland (1689–1691) James II, after his defeat at the battle of the Boyne, embarked at Duncannon for Kinsale and then to exile in France. Later his son in law and enemy William of Orange, marched on its cobblestones as the town and fort surrendered to his army without resistance.

The fort at Duncannon was one of the few places in county Wexford that did not fall to the rebels during the 1798 rebellion though a force sent out from the fort to defend Wexford town was defeated at the battle of Three Rocks. The fort and town then became a sanctuary for fleeing loyalists and troops in south Wexford and was also used as a prison and place of execution for suspected rebels.

Duncannon's strategic importance continued to be recognised throughout the 19th century. Napoleon sought and got intelligence on its strength and weakness, in preparation for a possible invasion of Ireland.

In the 20th century, Duncannon fort was used by the Fórsa Cosanta Áitiúil (Irish army reserve) as a barracks and training facility.

Transport
Bus Éireann route 370 links Duncannon to New Ross, Waterford and Wellingtonbridge. There are several buses daily except Sundays. The nearest railway station is Waterford railway station which is located 22 km away in Waterford travelling via the Ballyhack - Passage East ferry.

Sports
The local Gaelic Athletic Association club team is called St James' G.A.A club, and plays in the Wexford Senior Football Championship and the Wexford Intermediate Hurling Championship. The club won the Wexford Senior Football Championship in 2015, having been promoted from the Intermediate rank the previous year. The hurling team have won several county titles having begun at Junior D level in 2009. In later years, Matthew O'Hanlon captained the Wexford Senior Hurling team to win the Leinster SHC final in 2019 and village native Graeme Molloy also captained the Wexford senior football side prior to his retirement. Brendan Doyle was also a member of the panel during the 2000s and early 2010s.

The local soccer team is Duncannon United who play in the Wexford League.

Amenities
Duncannon has three pubs, two cafes and a local shop. Local restaurants include Aldridge Lodge and Dunbrody Country House. There are also several cafes in the area and on the beach front. Duncannon Holiday Park is a holiday village which provides accommodation and camping facilities.

Duncannon Fort incorporates a maritime museum, Cockleshell Arts Gallery, Officer's Mess Café and craft shop and other craft outlets and is open daily from June to September. During the off season, guided tours are available from Monday to Friday. Duncannon Fort.

Events
A number of festivals are held in Duncannon every year. In August there are two festivals. Firstly, a sand festival is held on the beach which a sand sculpting exhibition in a large tent. The sand festival also includes a crab fishing competition and a fireworks display. A kitesurfing festival is also held every August, with the date dependent on the tides.

title: Duncannon


text:
You Gotta Say Yes to Another Excess

You Gotta Say Yes to Another Excess is the third studio album by Swiss electronic band Yello, released in June 1983. It was the last Yello album to feature founding member Carlos Perón. It charted in several countries across Europe, and also peaked at No. 184 on the U.S. Billboard 200.

Charts
Singles – UK Singles Chart / Gallup (United Kingdom)

Critical reception
It was ranked at number 6 among the "Albums of the Year" for 1983 by NME, and the single "I Love You" was ranked at number 17 among "Tracks of the Year".

Other
In 2006, South African ceramicist Elton Harding translated the opening track "I Love You" into a ceramic tactile sculpture. The entire song was mapped out onto a rectangular spiral, with each second of the track taking up 1 cm. Samples were then represented by unique shapes allowing for the song to be 'read' either by sight or touch.

title: You Gotta Say Yes to Another Excess


text:
Future-proof

Future-proofing (also futureproofing) is the process of anticipating the future and developing methods of minimizing the effects of shocks and stresses of future events. Future-proofing is used in industries such as electronics, medical industry, industrial design, and more recently, in design for climate change. The principles of future-proofing are extracted from other industries and codified as a system for approaching an intervention in an historic building.

Electronics and communications
In future-proof electrical systems, buildings should have "flexible distribution systems to allow communication technologies to expand., Image-related processing software should be flexible, adaptable, and programmable to be able to work with several different potential media in the future as well as to handle increasing file sizes. Image-related processing software should also be scalable and embeddable – in other words, the use or place in which the software is employed is variable and the software needs to accommodate the variable environment. Higher processing integration is required to support future computational requirements in image processing as well.

In wireless phone networks, future-proofing of the network hardware and software systems deployed becomes critical because they are so costly to deploy that it is not economically viable to replace each system when changes in network operations occur. Telecommunications system designers focus heavily on the ability of a system to be reused and to be flexible in order to continue competing in the marketplace.

In 1998, teleradiology (the ability to send radiology images such as X-rays and CAT scans over the internet to a reviewing radiologist) was in its infancy. Doctors developed their own systems, aware that technology would change over time. They consciously included future-proof as one of the characteristics that their investment would need to have. To these doctors, future-proof meant open modular architecture and interoperability so that as technology advanced it would be possible to update the hardware and software modules within the system without disrupting the remaining modules. This draws out two characteristics of future-proofing that are important to the built environment: interoperability and the ability to be adapted to future technologies as they were developed.

The Role of Industrial Design in Shaping Futures
The designer has a prescriptive rather than descriptive job. Unlike scientists who describe how the world is, designers suggest how it might be. Designers are therefore futurologists to some extent.

The practice builds on the work of the Italian Radicals in the 1960's, through the critical design work of Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby in the late 1990’s, who developed design approaches for the exploration and critique of ideas, rather than for the creation of objects.

Designers by the nature of their work are futurists. The least time it takes to produce a product and get it on the shelf is a couple of years. Sometimes it can be 10–15 years. So you’re already dealing with the future when you sit at your desk in the morning.

In industrial design, future-proofing designs seek to prevent obsolescence by analyzing the decrease in desirability of products. Desirability is measured in categories such as function, appearance, and emotional value. The products with more functional design, better appearance, and which accumulate emotional value faster tend to be retained longer and are considered future-proof. Some of the characteristics of future-proof products that come out of this study include a timeless nature, high durability, aesthetic appearances that capture and hold the interest of buyers. Ideally, as an object ages, its desirability is maintained or increases with increased emotional attachment. Products that fit into society's current paradigm of progress, while simultaneously making progress, also tend to have increased desirability.

That desire to change the world runs throughout speculative design, where success is often measured not in what’s made, but instead the impact of your idea and how it seeps into wider thinking.

Speculative Design in Practice and Impact
At Google, various strategy and visioning teams use their creative expertise within internal studios and departments to explore what may lay beyond the horizon in five, 10, or even 15 years time. To understand the role of speculative design at Google, we can look to the MacGuffin theory, which states that the importance of a prop in narrative film is not the object itself, but the effect it has on the characters and their motivations. Similarly, the value of speculative design is not in the object that is created–whether it’s a prototype, installation, or live experience–but rather the discussion, contemplation, and understanding that it sparks.

Through a complex and iterative process of synthesis and transformation of research data, designers empathize with the future through revealing future design opportunities. These opportunities are identified through the movement from data to information, and information to insight utilizing visual mapping techniques. This movement involves various levels of abstraction

before drawing together into actionable insights.

Methodologies for Design Oriented Towards the Future
An important focus in the development of next-next generation products and services is the need to uncover opportunities by exploring people’s unmet and unarticulated needs in the present and utilize this insight in future oriented design activity.

Ideas about the future are made concrete within prototypes, and as such these ideas are explored in the present. For a fleeting moment, the future and the present coexist.

Whether predicting or shaping how the future will unfold, speculative design needs to strike a balance between what’s possible and what’s pure science fiction. Too ambitious, and your concept will likely never materialize. Too practical or conservative, and the value of speculative design is lost. As Golden Krishna puts it, “If everything that we thought of got made, then we wouldn’t be doing our job right.”（Golden Krishna, Head of Design Strategy at Google’s Platforms & Ecosystems group. ）

The Ethical Slant in Future Design
Philip Battin, a former designer on Google’s augmented reality eyewear project Glass and now lead at Seed Studio, believes that design as a practice has been commercialized to the point of misuse. Where once it was a byword for new bold landscapes, it has since been reduced to the aesthetics of business.

This evolving paradigm requires designers to not only envision future possibilities but also to deeply consider the ethical implications of their creations. The journey from concept to realization necessitates a responsible approach, where the societal, environmental, and moral consequences are weighed with every decision. By fostering a culture of thoughtful innovation, designers can ensure that their work contributes positively to the world, paving the way for advancements that are not only technologically advanced but also socially responsible and sustainable. This commitment to ethical foresight is what will define the legacy of future-oriented design.

In "Speculative Everything," Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby define critical design and explain how their practice shifts towards speculative applications. They view conceptual design not as serving clients or market demands, but as a medium for reflection, inquiry, and critique, using design fiction to challenge hegemony and technocentrism. The authors advocate for designers to work independently from the industry, engaging in imaginative work rather than relying solely on commissions.

Poggenpohl argues that design stimulates ideas about how we can use technology in more empathetic ways.

Utility systems
In one region of New Zealand, Hawke's Bay, a study was conducted to determine what would be required to future-proof the regional economy with specific reference to the water system. The study specifically sought to understand the existing and potential water demand in the region as well as how this potential demand might change with climate change and more intense land use. This information was used to develop demand estimates that would inform the improvements to the regional water system. Future-proofing thus includes forward planning for future development and increased demands on resources. The study focuses on future demands almost exclusively and does not address other components of future-proofing such as contingency plans to handle disastrous damage to the system or durability of the materials in the system.

Climate change and energy conservation
In the realm of sustainable environmental issues, future-proof is used generally to describe the ability of a design to resist the impact of potential climate change due to global warming. Two characteristics describe this impact. First, "dependency on fossil fuels will be more or less completely eliminated and replaced by renewable energy sources." Second, "Society, infrastructure and the economy will be well adapted to the residual impacts of climate change."

In the design of low energy consuming dwellings, "buildings of the future should be sustainable, low-energy and able to accommodate social, technological, economic and regulatory changes, thus maximizing life cycle value." The goal is to "reduce the likelihood of a prematurely obsolete building design."

In Australia, research commissioned by the Health Infrastructure New South Wales explored "practical, cost-effective, design-related strategies for 'future-proofing' the buildings of a major Australian health department." This study concluded that "a focus on a whole life-cycle approach to the design and operation of health facilities clearly would have benefits." By designing in flexibility and adaptability of structures, one may "defer the obsolescence and consequent need for demolition and replacement of many health facilities, thereby reducing overall demand for building materials and energy."

The ability of a building's structural system to accommodate projected climate changes and whether "non-structural [behavioral] adaptations might have a great enough effect to offset any errors from... an erroneous choice of climate change projection". The essence of the discussion is whether adjustments in the occupant's behavior can future-proof the building against errors in judgment in estimates of the impacts of global climate change. There are many factors involved and the paper does not go into them in exhaustive detail. "Soft adaptations”, such as changes in behavior, can have a significant impact on the ability of a building to continue to function as the environment around it changes. Thus adaptability is an important criterion in the concept of "future-proofing" buildings. Adaptability is a theme that begins to come through in many of the other studies on future-proofing.

There are examples of sustainable technologies that can be used in existing buildings to take "advantage of up-to-date technologies in the enhancement of the energetic performance of buildings." The intent is to understand how to follow the new European Energy Standards to attain the best in energy savings. The subject speaks to historic buildings and specifically of façade renewal, focusing on energy conservation. These technologies include "improvement of thermal and acoustic performance, solar shadings, passive solar energy systems, and active solar energy systems." The main value of this study to future-proofing is not the specific technologies, but rather the concept of working with an existing façade by overlapping it rather than modifying the existing one. The employment of ventilated facades, double skin glass facades, and solar shadings take advantage of the thermal mass of existing buildings commonly found in Italy. These techniques not only work with thermal mass walls, but also protect damaged and deteriorating historic facades to varying degrees.

Architecture, engineering and construction
Use of the term "future-proofing" has been uncommon in the AEC industry, especially with relation to historic buildings until recently. In 1997, the MAFF laboratories at York, England were described in an article as “future-proof” by being flexible enough to adapt to developing rather than static scientific research. The standard building envelope and MEP services provided could be tailored for each type of research to be performed. In 2009, “future-proof” was used in reference to “megatrends” that were driving education of planners in Australia. A similar term, “fatigue proofing,” was used in 2007 to describe steel cover plates in bridge construction that would not fail due to fatigue cracking. In 2012, a New Zealand-based organization outlined eight principles of future-proof buildings: smart energy use, increased health and safety, increased life cycle duration, increased quality of materials and installation, increased security, increased sound control for noise pollution, adaptable spatial design, and reduced carbon footprint.

Another approach to future-proofing suggests that only in more extensive refurbishments to a building should future-proofing be considered. Even then, the proposed time horizon for future-proofing events is 15 to 25 years. The explanation for this particular time horizon for future-proof improvements is unclear.

In the valuation of real estate, there are three traditional forms of obsolescence which affect property values: physical, functional, and aesthetic. Physical obsolescence occurs when the physical material of the property deteriorates to the point where it needs to be replaced or renovated. Functional obsolescence occurs when the property is no longer capable of serving the intended use or function. Aesthetic obsolescence occurs when fashions change, when something is no longer in style. A potential fourth form has emerged as well: sustainable obsolescence. Sustainable obsolescence proposes to be a combination of the above forms in many ways. Sustainable obsolescence occurs when a property no longer meets one or more sustainable design goals.

One reasonable approach to future-proof sustainable cities is an integrated multi-disciplinary combination of mitigation and adaptation to raise the level of resilience of the city. In the context of urban environments, resilience is less dependent on an exact understanding of the future than on tolerance of uncertainty and broad programs to absorb the stresses that this environment might face. The scale of the context is important in this view: events are viewed as regional stresses rather than local. The intent for a resilient urban environment is to keep many options open, emphasize diversity in the environment, and perform long-range planning that accounts for external systemic shocks.

Historic buildings
Future-proofing of designated historic structures adds a level of complexity to the concepts of future-proofing in other industries as described above. All interventions on historic structures must comply with the Secretary's Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties. The degree of compliance and the Standard selected may vary depending on jurisdiction, type of intervention, significance of the structure, and the nature of the intended interventions. The underlying principle is that no harm is done to the structure in the course of the intervention which would damage the structure or make it unavailable to future generations. In addition, it is important that the historic portions of the structure be able to be understood and comprehended apart from the newer interventions.

Infrastructure projects
Future-proofing is also a methodology to address vulnerabilities of infrastructure systems. For example, analysis of domestic water infrastructure in the Southern California and Tijuana area completed by Rich and Gattuso in 2016 demonstrates that potential vulnerabilities include levee failures, material deterioration, and climate change. With changes in the hydrologic conditions due to climate change, there will be increased emphasis on ensuring that the water infrastructure systems continue to function after a natural hazard event where specific components or facilities in the system are compromised.

Many new potable water technologies, such as desalination, physical treatment, chemical treatment, and biological treatment systems, can help to address these vulnerabilities. Development of a future-proof infrastructure system can have longer lasting benefits. The San Diego Regional Water System has been implementing a program of infrastructure improvements to ensure plentiful water sources in the future. These include developed an emergency storage program aimed at providing a 75% service level and includes several key elements of the regional water system. The regional water authority is also in the middle of a multi-decade long project to reline the existing pipeline system to increase their service life (Water-technology.net, 2012). The region also seeks to supplement the water supply through diversification of sources of water which will support continued growth of the regional population. Priorities for development of new water sources (in order of preference) are seawater desalination, indirect potable reuse (wastewater recycling), and additional water from the Colorado River.

The strategies being employed in San Diego and Tijuana are future-proofing their potable water infrastructure systems by including seismic loops and flexible oversized systems to prevent damage in seismic events accommodate future changes in use and population growth. The San Diego Regional Water System is pursuing strategies that diversify and increase redundancy of water supplies by including metropolitan water district sources, irrigation water transfer, canal lining to prevent leakage, conservation or reduced consumption, recycled wastewater, desalination, groundwater sources, and surface water sources. Development of new water tunnels and relining water mains, branches, and canals extends the service life, and fortifies the system while reducing physical and functional obsolescence and preventing further deterioration of the system. Ongoing maintenance, diversification efforts, capacity development, and planning for future requirements will ensure an ongoing future-proof supply of water for the region.

Life cycle analysis and life cycle assessment
Life-cycle assessment/analysis (LCA) can be used as an indicator of long-term impacts to the environment, and an important aspect of future-proofing our built environment, quantifying the impacts of initial construction, periodic renovation, and regular maintenance of a building over an extended time span. A study completed published in 2015 by Rich compares the impacts of gymnasiums constructed of different building materials over a 200-year period using the Athena Impact Estimator. Rich developed the phrase "First Impacts" to describe the environmental impacts of new construction from raw material extraction to occupancy of the building. When the environmental impacts of maintenance and replacement are considered with first impacts for a building, a complete picture of the environmental impacts are formed.

While choice of materials is important to initial impacts of a building or product, less durable materials lead to more frequent maintenance, operating expenses and replacement. By contrast, more durable materials may have more significant initial impacts, but those impacts will pay off in the long run by reducing maintenance, repairs, and operations expenses. Durability of all components of a building system should have equivalent service lives or allow for disassembly in order to maintain the shorter service life materials. This allows retention of materials that have longer service lives rather than disposing of them when removed to perform maintenance. Proper maintenance of a building is critical to long term service life because it prevents deterioration of less durable materials that can expose additional materials to deterioration.

title: Future-proof


text:
Battle of Custoza

Battle of Custoza (or Battle of Custozza) is the name of two battles fought in Custoza, near Verona, Northern Italy. Both battles were fought within the Italian unification process, and were two defeats for the Kingdom of Sardinia and later Kingdom of Italy:

 * Battle of Custoza (1848)
 * Battle of Custoza (1866)

title: Battle of Custoza


text:
Talk:Archbishop of York

Archive on speculation
Who is the new Archbishop of York after david Hope?

 * After the retirement of David Hope in February 2005, initial speculation on his successor centered mainly on John Gladwin (Bishop of Chelmsford), Nigel McCulloch (Bishop of Manchester), and Richard Chartres (Bishop of London). On March 5, The Times in a leader ("Balanced ticket") endorsed Chartres, but noted that popular rumor suggested that he would be uninterested in leaving London and unlikely to accept nomination. The column praised Gladwin's skills as a leader and adminitrator but suggested that he would most likely be considered too openly "liberal." McCulloch therefore appeared to be the frontrunner.

 * On June 12, the Times futher reported ("Black bishop on York shortlist") a list of five names which they claimed to be the Crown Nomination Commission's shortlist: McCulloch; Graham James (Bishop of Norwich); Michael Langrish (Bishop of Exeter); Tom Wright, (Bishop of Durham) — and John Sentamu (Bishop of Birmingham), the eventual choice. Whether this was indeed the commission's shortlist remains unknown, as well as whose was the second name they sent to the prime minister's office.

Just thought, for historical reasons, it would be a good idea to include the above back-story. Doops 18:19, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Matthew Hutton
There are two Matthew Huttons in the list, one 1595-1606 and one 1747-1757. Both link to the earlier one at the moment. Anybody got any ideas on the best way to disambiguate them? Rhion 12:38, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

Manner of signing name
According to the Diocese of York website, Achbishop Sentamu signs himeself, "+Sentamu Ebor:", Sentamu being his "first Christian name". I have modified the text accordingly.

SammyB 11 Jan 2006

I can't see that the current text makes sense. Sentamu, according to John Sentamu, is his surname, not a forename. It may be a Christian name: I don't know. MacAuslan (talk) 03:30, 5 August 2018 (UTC)

Primates' Meeting
Does the Archbishop of York (as Primate of England) attend the Primates' Meeting? I am wondering because if he doesn't then Rowan Williams is the first Abp. of Cant. to have been to the mtg before being so named (having been Primate of the Church in Wales), which is worth a mention in his article. Carolynparrishfan 23:46, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Numbering
I was confused by the inconsistent numbering. For instance, why aren't St. John of Beverley or John Dolben included in the numbering of the Johns, and why isn't John Gilbert numbered? I never heard nor read of John Habgood's being referred to as John VIII. Where does this numbering come from, please? --RobertG ♬ talk 10:54, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

Paulinus
William of Malmesbury records that Paulinus of York was appointed archbishop of York by the pope, although his successors were bishops. Is there some other source which contradicts this? If not then this should be added. Richard75 (talk) 15:17, 12 October 2013 (UTC)

 * It might help to read the article on Paulinus - where it's explained that the pallium for Paulinus arrived after he'd been driven from York. As a general rule, modern secondary sources are used in preference to medieval works in Wikipedia articles. Ealdgyth - Talk 15:54, 12 October 2013 (UTC)
 * I see. I missed it because it's only mentioned in the section about Paulinus being Bishop of Rochester afterwards -- I'll add another mention somewhere where one might expect to find it. Also it might be a good idea to mention that in this article too, since even though his appointment was not effective, it is still noteworthy that the pope decided to appoint an archbishop ealier that the first archbishop. Richard75 (talk) 16:57, 12 October 2013 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 08:10, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

Coat of arms
The German article uses the slightly different coat of arms on the right, where a little crown or coronet is integrated into the mitre (the file is based on the arms of the Bishop of Durham and the person who created it left the mitre as it was for Durham). Am I right to suppose that this coronet should not be in the arms of the Archbishop of York and that the file should be replaced by the one used here? Oudeís talk 20:03, 16 November 2019 (UTC)

death count
This information needs a secondary source that discusses the number of deaths by method of death in relation to the office. It’s not enough to just haphazardly source the supposed method of death for each individual...you need some secondary source that makes the point that it’s important to the office. Ealdgyth - Talk 23:15, 30 January 2020 (UTC)

See also User talk:Dudley Miles. Dudley Miles (talk) 23:30, 30 January 2020 (UTC)

pre-Conquest
On the talk pages of Lincoln and Chichester bishops I've suggested changing the table heading 'pre-Reformation bishops' because that's putting the cart before the horse. The ABY heading of Conquest to Ref is much better - but why 'pre-Conquest'? That has the same post hoc problem. The period is generally known as Anglo-Saxon; yes, surely, York was in the Danelaw, but it can still be chronologically counted as Anglo-Saxon.Katiehawks (talk) 08:50, 16 December 2020 (UTC)

 * We need separate sections for bishops and archbishops, but I do not think the archbishops should be separated into sections. The last pre-Conquest archbishop, Ealdred, carried on after the Conquest and Edward Lee is shown as the first post-Reformation even though his appointment was approved by the Pope so the first part of his incumbency should be regarded as pre-Reformation. Dudley Miles (talk) 10:59, 16 December 2020 (UTC)
 * At present, the article doesn't even mention that the archbishopric was ever a Catholic see. Though it should. natemup (talk) 21:17, 15 July 2024 (UTC)

Taken from York in 1072
If they were taken FROM York and not BY York, to whom were thy given?

Did at least St Andrews become exempt ("apostolic see")? Or were they given to Hamburg-Bremen?

Lund would not be founded before 1107. And Nidaros split off Lund as late as 1158.--Ulamm (talk) 16:19, 13 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Archbishop of York


text:
Talk:Joint Special Forces Support Group

If the Telegraph story is confirmed, British Forces Rangers should be moved here. — Franey 14:58, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Until confirmed, this should be deleted, with all the relavent links on the British Forces Rangers page. Hammersfan01:27, 24/4/05

title: Talk:Joint Special Forces Support Group