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Talk:Book of Micah

Where Written
Was this written in Judah or Iseral? --John Campbell 00:33, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Judah. The only OT prophetic book from Israel is Hosea, and even that probably has a few small additions by Judean editors. ''micah is my name ''
 * That depends if the Book of Jonah(well not entirely prophetic, but nonetheless about the prophet) was written by Jonah. 74.137.230.39 21:32, 29 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually the Book of Obadiah could of been written in Israel. I feel particullarly stupid, Book of Amos could also have been written in the North. I should of known that, anyway several books could of been written in the North.

Highly propagandistic
This article is so subjective, religious, and POV-pushing that it's almost unreadable. Wikipedia is not a platform for religious proselytizing. It needs heavy revision. Inoculatedcities 19:21, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

 * You don't offer any examples. Considering the subject matter is a religious one, it is hard to see how you can write anything about the individual referenced without it having a significant element of religion.  As far as "proselytizing", I totally disagree.  The article does not make any argument for belief, it is just recounting the stories which are associated with the biblical figure.

 * If you have a specific issue with some facts in the article, the correct approach is to edit it and let other editors accept or deny your edits, not just complain about it in the discussion page with some vague comments about the article being "religious" and "POV" pushing.

 * At the least, you need to give some specific examples of what POV it is pushing. I do not see any POV being pushed -- it just recounts the stories of the biblical figure Micah, albeit at length.   Unreadable? Hmm.  The article has already been rated by other editors as having a B-class rating, which isn't bad and is above average for Wikipedia articles.  Without a better description of your problems with the article, your comments come across as biased against religious subjects  [User:Izaakb|Izaakb]] 01:22, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I would have to agree with the OP. The article is written as if the details listed are facts rather than religious theory.  This is done without reference to outside sources (beyond the religious tracts themselves).  What evidence exists that Micah really existed?  Are there any remaining original copies of this book dated to approximately the original time?  Are there other references to the historical characters referenced by the book (the various rulers for instance) that would help to indicate the book was written by someone who lived through the times in question?  These are the critical thinking sorts of questions that OP may have in his head that he hasn't iterated here.Jplflyer 19:15, 29 November 2009 (UTC)

Message
I have followed every reference given in this section, and cannot seem to find where the quoted summaries of the text are coming from. I searched for other versions on the web also, but find none. Especially of questionable reduction is the quote for 4:1, “The peoples shall gaze on [The Mount of the Lord’s House] with joy,”. This is in contrast to the KJV which states, "But in the last days it shall come to pass, that the mountain of the house of the Lord shall be established in the top of the mountains, and it shall be exalted above the hills; and people shall flow unto it." Many other versions have similar language. Even if there is a version with "gaze with joy", the more substantial pieces are not included here. Additionally, it is not appropriate to render here a translation or meaning without a supporting citation. This being just one example, the whole section is reduced in like manner. It would seem that the article almost verbatim is now found on many, many other sites; most seem to reference this Wiki, others apparently skipping attribution, leading to the chicken vs. egg paradox. Duane Phillips (talk) 06:41, 22 December 2008 (UTC)

 * I've removed the section, as it is just an unsourced/OR/NS essay. Carl.bunderson (talk) 21:22, 24 December 2008 (UTC)

Number of prophetic books
This isn't a citation issue. It's just that there's no consensus. Any of the following numbers (and doubtless other permutations) can be argued for:

4 - Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, The Twelve

8 - Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, The Twelve (the traditional Jewish position)

10 - Joshua, Judges, I Samuel, II Samuel, I Kings, II Kings, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, The Twelve

15 - Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi

17 - Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi (the traditional Protestant position)

18 - Isaiah, Jeremiah, Baruch (including the Epistle of Jeremiah), Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel (including Susanna and Bel and the Dragon), Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi (the traditional Roman Catholic position)

19 - Isaiah, Jeremiah, Baruch, Epistle of Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel (including Susanna and Bel and the Dragon), Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi (the traditional Eastern Orthodox position)

19 - Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi

20 - Isaiah, Jeremiah, Baruch, Epistle of Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Susana, Daniel (including Bel and the Dragon), Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi

21 - Joshua, Judges, I Samuel, II Samuel, I Kings, II Kings, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi

There seems little point in picking 15 as some sort of compromise number, following the Christian classification of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings as history rather than prophecy, the Jewish classification of Lamentations and Daniel as writings rather than prophecy, the Christian division of the twelve minor prophets, and the Jewish/Protestant rejection of Baruch and the Letter of Jeremiah (and potentially Susanna and Bel and the Dragon, if one considers those to be books too). Indeed it looks all too original. So I'm going to edit the number out. 𝐨𝐱𝐲𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐧𝐵𝑈𝑇𝐴𝑍𝑂𝑁𝐸 ⓊⓉ 11:42, 8 March 2012 (UTC)

'Composition' entirely based on Mays
Although the Composition section may seem to use multiple sources, source numbers #23, #24, #25 and #26 all refer to the same source, meaning only the first sentence is confirmed by another source. Could we get additional sources on this so we know this is the consensus on the composition of the book, rather than just what one scholar thinks? VDZ (talk) 11:51, 7 November 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Book of Micah


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Simon Olsson

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 00:28, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Simon Olsson
MCBastos marked this vfd all the way back on December 8 with the comment "doesn't seem important enough", but never made a subpage or listed it on vfd. I'm just bringing it here for resolution; do not consider this a vote. —Korath (Talk) 00:34, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN Vanity. "Simon Olsson"+"progammer" only came up with one result and it was a Wikipedia mirror site talking about this article mentioning "computer programmer." --Anonymous Cow 02:38, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete "Simon Olsson" + "Fredensborg" also came up with nothing except his profile on a music fansite. FreplySpang (talk) 14:40, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity, nonnotable. Wile E. Heresiarch 22:50, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Seraphiel

Seraphiel (Hebrew:  שׂרפיאל, meaning "seraph of god or god is my seraph") is the name of an angel in the apocryphal Book of Enoch.

Protector of Metatron, Seraphiel holds the highest rank of the Seraphim with the following directly below him, Jehoel. In some texts, he is referred to as the Angel of Silence. Eponymously named as chief of the Seraphim, one of several for whom this office is claimed, Seraphiel is one of eight judge angels and a prince of the Merkabah. In 3 Enoch, Seraphiel is described as an enormous, brilliant angel as tall as the seven heavens with a face like the face of angels and a body like the body of eagles. He is beautiful, like lightning and the light of the morning star. As chief of the seraphim, he is committed to their care and teaches them songs to sing for the glorification of God. In magical lore, Seraphiel is one of the rulers of Tuesday and also the planet Mercury. He is invoked from the North.

Israfil may be his counterpart in Islam, one of the Archangels and an angel of music with a similar name of the same meaning, being second to God.

title: Seraphiel


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Chris Lamprecht

Chris Lamprecht (known as MinorThreat or mthreat) is an American software developer based in the US state of Texas. Lamprecht was the original author of ToneLoc, a wardialing program written in the C programming language for the DOS operating system. He was the first employee and lead software architect for Indeed.com, a metasearch engine for job listings.

Career
Lamprecht authored the computer wardialer program ToneLoc in the 1990s. After losing the original source code, it was re-written with the assistance of Mucho Maas. Lamprecht presented a talk detailing ToneLoc in 1993 at the SummerCon conference.

Lamprecht founded and worked for Searchify, a startup company offering an Internet hosting service for searches, marketed with a software as a service, which is based upon the open source software IndexTank. IndexTank was acquired by LinkedIn and open sourced in 2011.

Imprisonment and release
Lamprecht is regarded as the first person to be banned from accessing the Internet, in 1995. After being sentenced to 70 months in prison for money laundering, Lamprecht was also given a punishment of no access to the Internet until 2004.

Christopher Matthew Lamprecht had the Federal Bureau of Prisons ID# 61153-080 and was released on March 3, 2000.

Under the order of Judge Sam Sparks of the US District Court in 1995, Lamprecht was ordered to 70 months in the Federal Correctional Institution, Bastrop. Though a known computer hacker, the 24-year-old was never tried, nor pleaded guilty for computer related crimes, making it the more unusual that he was not allowed to access the Internet. In 1997 Lamprecht co-authored an article in Phrack Magazine issue #52 while incarcerated in a federal penitentiary, and the issue was published in 1998 with portions appearing in 2600 Magazine; and "prophiled" in Phrack issue #46 (1994).

In 2002 Judge Sam Sparks released Lamprecht from his term of supervised release, effectively lifting his Internet ban as well.

title: Chris Lamprecht


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Edmonton Symphony Orchestra

The Edmonton Symphony Orchestra (ESO) is a Canadian orchestra based in Edmonton, Alberta. As the professional orchestra of Alberta's creative capital city it presents over 85 concerts a year of symphonic music in all genres, from classical to country. Currently in its 72nd season, the orchestra is composed of 56 core professional musicians who perform 42 weeks per season and who play an active role in the musical life of Edmonton and elsewhere as performers, teachers and recording artists. The ESO also performs as the orchestra for Edmonton Opera and Alberta Ballet productions, and its recordings are regularly heard across Canada on CBC Radio 2.

History
The Edmonton Symphony Orchestra was initially formed as Edmonton's community orchestra and performed its first concert on November 15, 1920. The orchestra suspended operations in 1932 due to lack of funds, but was revived on October 31, 1952, when it was incorporated as a registered not-for-profit organization (the Edmonton Symphony Society), and gave its first performance on November 30, 1952. It made the transition to a fully professional orchestra in September 1971. In 1973, it was decided to restrict the orchestra to "classical" size.

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the ESO's budget was over $10 million, and its players were the highest-paid Canadian orchestral musicians west of Toronto.

Music and artistic directors

 * Alexander Prior 2017-2022 (Chief Conductor)
 * William Eddins 2005-2017 (named Music Director Emeritus in 2017)
 * Grzegorz Nowak 1994-2002
 * Uri Mayer 1981-1994 (named Conductor Laureate in 1994)
 * Pierre Hétu 1973-1979, 1979-1980 (Principal Guest Conductor)
 * Lawrence Leonard 1968-1973
 * Brian Priestman 1964-1968
 * Lee Hepner 1952-1960

Conductors

 * Michael Stern 2022-2024 (Artistic Advisor)
 * Cosette Justo Valdés 2019-2021 (Assistant Conductor), 2021- (Resident Conductor)
 * Lucas Waldin 2009-2012 (Resident Conductor)
 * Petar Dundjerski 2006-2008 (Assistant Conductor in Residence)
 * Kazuyoshi Akiyama 2004-2005 (Principal Guest Conductor)
 * Franz-Paul Decker 2003-2004 (Principal Guest Conductor)
 * David Hoyt 1987-2002 (Resident Guest Conductor, Resident Conductor), 2002-2003 (artistic director)
 * Peter Nero 1984-1985 (Pops Music Director)
 * Daniel Swift 1983-1984 (Assistant Conductor)
 * Yuval Zaliouk 1980-1981 (Interim Chief Conductor)
 * Mitch Miller 1979-1982 (Principal Guest Conductor for Pops)
 * Peter McCoppin 1978-1980 (Assistant Conductor)
 * John Barnum 1973-1977 (Assistant Conductor)
 * Edward (Ted) Kardash 1971-1973 (Assistant Conductor)
 * Tom Rolston 1960-1964 (Associate Conductor)

Concertmasters

 * Robert Uchida 2013–present
 * Eric Buchmann (interim) 2010-2013
 * Martin Riseley 1994-2010
 * Eric Buchmann, Richard Caldwell, Virginie Gagné, Broderyk Olson (interim, in rotation) 2009-2010
 * John Lowry 2002-2003 (interim)
 * James Keene 1972-1994
 * Charles (Karol) Dobiáš 1970-1972
 * Marguerite Marzantowicz 1960-1964 (interim), 1964–1970
 * Tom Rolston 1958-1964
 * Walter Holowach 1957-1958 (interim)
 * Alexander Nicol 1952-1957

Performing venue
In September 1997, the Edmonton Symphony Society and the Edmonton Concert Hall Foundation successfully completed a two-decade, $45 million capital campaign, and the ESO moved from the Northern Alberta Jubilee Auditorium (the orchestra's principal performing venue since 1957) into its new concert hall, the acoustically superb, 1716 seat Francis Winspear Centre for Music. The inaugural gala, at which the ESO performed Mahler's Symphony of a Thousand with the Calgary Philharmonic Orchestra, took place on September 13, 1997.

Programming and special events
Each season, almost 30,000 students experience the orchestra's music at the Winspear Centre. The Young Composers Project, with local composers as mentors, allows select high school students to compose orchestral works and hear them in performance. The orchestra's annual outdoor Symphony Under the Sky Festival is a popular destination for Edmontonians on Labour Day weekend.

The ESO's history and the varied nature of its programming reflect its imaginative commitment to its community.
 * In 1972, the Procol Harum album Procol Harum Live: In Concert with the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra and its hit single "Conquistador" became the first orchestral recording to achieve international platinum sales.
 * In 1985, the ESO premiered Malcolm Forsyth's Atayoskewin at the opening of Shell Canada's Scotford Refinery.
 * In 1980, to celebrate Alberta's 75th anniversary, the orchestra toured the province.
 * In 1986, the ESO performed at Vancouver's Expo 86.
 * In 1992, a televised ESO performance with k.d. lang conducted by Tommy Banks received a Gemini Award for Best Television Variety Performance.
 * In 1994, the orchestra undertook a five-city tour (the "Northern Lights Tour") of northern Alberta, the Yukon and the Northwest Territories.
 * In 1996, the ESO became the first Canadian orchestra to play on a First Nations Reserve.
 * On May 8, 2012, the ESO made its Carnegie Hall debut, its first performance outside of Canada.

Special concerts
Special ESO concerts drawing sold-out houses have featured, among others, k.d. lang in 1985, Tom Cochrane and Red Rider in 1989, The Arrogant Worms in 2002, Corb Lund in 2005, Paul Brandt in 2006, Video Games Live in 2007, Nikki Yanofsky in 2008, reunion concerts with Procol Harum in 1992 and 2010, Ben Folds in 2012 and 2014, and Ian Tyson on the 100th anniversary of the Province of Alberta on September 1, 2005. In March 2011, the ESO presented a memorable concert devoted exclusively to the music of Frank Zappa, and in December 2005, the orchestra returned to the Northern Alberta Jubilee Auditorium to present two sold-out Christmas concerts with Christian singer/pianist Michael W. Smith. The orchestra continues this tradition of working with musicians from a variety of musical genres. In December 2012, the orchestra performed two Christmas concerts with the Barenaked Ladies. In December 2017, the orchestra performed four Christmas concerts with Jann Arden.

Composers in residence
John McPherson was appointed the orchestra's fourth Composer in Residence in August 2016.

Robert Rival, the orchestra's third Composer in Residence (2011-2014) wrote six major works for the orchestra during his residency:
 * Delights & Discords (2014)
 * Northwest Passage Variations (2014)
 * Symphony No. 2 "Water" (2013)
 * Achilles and Scamander (2012)
 * Lullaby (2012)
 * Whirlwind (2012)

Allan Gilliland, the ESO's second Composer in Residence (2000–2004) composed nine major works for the orchestra, as well as a colorful new orchestration of Canada's national anthem. Before his residency, Gilliland had been commissioned to write two works for the ESO. Following his residency, he was commissioned to write two jazz-flavoured works: a rhapsody for piano and orchestra, and a suite for trumpet and orchestra.
 * Dreaming of the Masters III (2010) (funded by the Alberta Foundation for the Arts)
 * Dreaming of the Masters II (Rhapsody GEB) (2008) (co-commission with CBC)
 * Above the Fold (2004)
 * Calixa Lavallée O Canada (new orchestration) (2004)
 * Dreaming of the Masters I (2003)
 * Gaol's Ruadh Ròs – A Celtic Concerto for Two Harps (2003)
 * Always Be True (2002)
 * Violin Concerto (2002)
 * A Wild Symphonic Ride (2002)
 * Loch na Beiste (2001)
 * On the Shoulders of Giants (2001)
 * Shadows and Light (2000)
 * Winspear Fanfare (1997)
 * Trumpet Concerto (1994)

John Estacio was the ESO's first Composer in Residence (1992–1999). He also produced nine major works for the orchestra during his residency:
 * The Twins and the Monster (2001)
 * The Brass Ring (1999)
 * Frenergy (1998)
 * Concerto for Piano, Violin and Cello (1997)
 * Wondrous Light (1997)
 * Borealis (1997)
 * Victims of Us All (1996)
 * A Farmer's Symphony (1994)
 * Alegria (1994)

Canadian commissions
The ESO has a long tradition of commissioning and performing works by Canadian – and particularly Albertan – composers. On April 29, 2005, the ESO presented a highly acclaimed concert of music by five contemporary Alberta composers – Allan Gordon Bell, John Estacio, Malcolm Forsyth, Allan Gilliland and Jeffrey McCune – in Southam Hall at Ottawa's National Arts Centre as part of the Alberta Scene festival. In May 2012, the ESO performed the US premieres of music by its first three Composers in Residence at Carnegie Hall's second annual Spring for Music festival.

Works commissioned by the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra include:
 * Louis Applebaum Concertante / Prelude / Incantation / Sinfonia / Evocations for Two Pianos and Orchestra
 * Violet Archer Prelude - incantation / Sinfonia
 * Allan Gordon Bell Symphonies of Hidden Fire
 * Patrick Cardy Trobadores
 * George Fiala Overtura Buffa
 * Malcolm Forsyth Symphony No. 2 '... A Host of Nomads...' / Requiem for the Victims in a Wartorn World / Siyajabula! We Rejoice! / A Ballad of Canada
 * Allan Gilliland Dreaming of the Masters II
 * Stewart Grant Symphony ("Et in Terra…")
 * Ronald Hannah Suite of orchestral dances: the common air that bathes the globe
 * Jacques Hétu Concerto for Organ
 * Yuri Laniuk Palimpsesty
 * Raymond Luedeke Tales of the Netsilik
 * Rod McKuen The Ballad of Distances - Symphonic Suite, Opus 40
 * François Morel Neumes d'espace et reliefs
 * Jeffrey McCune Aquamarine / Dance Suite / Overture Sauvage
 * John McPherson Walk in Beauty
 * Kelly-Marie Murphy Utterances
 * Cha Ka Nin Memento Mori
 * Randolph Peters WildFire
 * Laurie Radford a tangle in the throat
 * Manus Sasonkin Musica post prandia
 * Robert Turner Shades of Autumn

Commercial discography and videography
(Procol Harum, Da Camera Singers, Lawrence Leonard conductor, 1972)
 * Procol Harum Live: In Concert with the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra
 * Conquistador / Whaling Stories / A Salty Dog / All This and More / In Held 'Twas In I / Luskus Delph / Simple Sister (Rehearsal Version) / Shine on Brightly (Rehearsal Version) / A Salty Dog (Rehearsal Version) / Luskus Delph (Rehearsal Version)

(Boris Brott 1 and John Avison 2 conductors, 1973) (CBC SM-284)
 * Music by Haydn, Debussy, Wirén
 * Haydn Symphony No. 99 1 / Debussy Petit suite: En bateau 2 / Wirén March 2

(Tommy Banks conductor, 1973) (WB 2WS 2731)
 * McKuen The Ballad Of Distances: Symphonic Suite, Opus 40

(Members of the Gleichen Alberta Blackfoot Indian Reserve1, Father Colin Levangie chanter1, Father Jacques Jolie chanter1, Father Ubald Duchesneau chanter1, Roy Warhurst fiddle1, Tommy Banks conductor, 1974) (Denali SGLP 1001)
 * Scarlet and Gold / L'Escarlet et L'Or - Alberta R.C.M.P. Century Celebrations, 1874-1974
 * Dere Overture 1/ Rebellion / Tribute to the R.C.M.P.

(Pierre Hétu conductor, 1975) (CBC SM-294)
 * Music by Wolf, Purcell, Adaskin, Warlock
 * Wolf Italian Serenade / Purcell The Married Beau Suite (Arranged by Holst) / Adaskin Diversion for orchestra (an entertainment) / Warlock Six Italian Dances

(Pierre Hétu conductor, 1976) (CBC SM-316)
 * Music by Ibert, Françaix, Rameau
 * Ibert Suite symphonique: "Paris" / Françaix Sérénade / Rameau Les fêtes d'Hébé

(Uri Mayer conductor, 1984) (CBC SM 5035, SMC 5035, SMCD 5035)
 * Orchestral Suites of the British Isles
 * Vaughan Williams English Folk Song Suite / Warlock Capriol Suite / Harty A John Field Suite

(Louis Quilico baritone, Uri Mayer conductor, 1985) (CBC SM 5043, SMC 5043, SMCD 5043)
 * Great Verdi Arias
 * "E sogno o realtà?" (Falstaff) / "Morir! tremenda cosa...Urna fatale de mio destino" (La forza del destino) / "Cortigiani, vil razza dannata" (Rigoletto) / "Vanne! la tua meta già vedo...Credo in un Dio crude!" (Otello) / "Perfidi!...Pietà, rispetto, amore" (Macbeth) / "Tutto è deserto...Il Balen del suo soriso" (Il trovatore) / "Di Provenza il mar, il suol" (La traviata) / "Alzati! là tuo figlio...Eri tu che macchiavi quell’anima" (Un ballo in maschera)

(Ermanno Mauro tenor, Uri Mayer conductor, 1986) (CBC SM 5046, SMC 5046, SMCD 5046)
 * Great Tenor Arias
 * Bizet "La fleur que tu m’avais jetée" (Carmen) / Massenet "O Souverain, ô juge, ô père!" (Le Cid) / Puccini "Che gelida manina" (La bohème) / Leoncavallo "Recitar!...Vesti la giubba" (Pagliacci) / Verdi "Niun mi tema" (Otello) / Gounod "Ah! lêve-toi, soleil" (Roméo et Juliette) / Massenet "Pourquoi me réveiller?" (Werther) / Puccini "E lucevan le stelle" (Tosca) / Puccini "Nessun dorma" (Turandot) / Giordano "Un dì all'azzuro spazio", also known as "L'improvviso" (Andrea Chénier) / Verdi "Ma se m'è forza perderti" (Un ballo in maschera) / Verdi "Ah si, ben mio...Di quella pira" (Il trovatore)

(Uri Mayer conductor, 1986) (SM 5059, SMC 5059, SMCD 5059)
 * Music by Forsyth and Freedman
 * Freedman Oiseaux exotiques / Forsyth Atayoskewin (Juno Award: Best Classical Composition)

(Uri Mayer conductor, 1986) (CBC SM 5069, SMC 5069, SMCD 5069)
 * Canadian and Russian Overtures
 * Forsyth Jubilee Overture / Ridout Fall Fair / Morawetz Overture to a Fairy Tale / Shostakovich Festive Overture, Opus 96 / Borodin Prince Igor: Overture / Kabalevsky Colas Breugnon: Overture / Glinka Russlan and Ludmilla: Overture

(Uri Mayer conductor, 1987) (RCI 5-ACM 27)
 * Anthology of Canadian Music, Volume 27
 * Fiala The Kurelek Suite

(Gianetta Baril harp, Uri Mayer conductor, 1989) (CBC SM 5086, SMC 5086, SMCD 5086)
 * Harp Concertos
 * Ginastera Harp Concerto, Opus 25 / Morawetz Concerto for Harp and Chamber Orchestra (Juno Award: Best Classical Composition)

(Uri Mayer conductor, 1990) (CBC SM 5093, SMC 5093, SMCD 5093)
 * Great Orchestral Marches
 * Fučík Entrance of the Gladiators / Alford Colonel Bogey / Sousa Stars and Stripes Forever / Elgar Pomp & Circumstance No. 4 / Farnon State Occasion / Papineau-Couture Marche de Guillaument / Beethoven Turkish March (from The Ruins of Athens) / Schubert Marche Militaire (Arranged by Schönherr) / Johann Strauss I Radetzky March / Willan Centennial March / Delibes Cortège de Bacchus / Tchaikovsky Jurisprudence March / Baker March (Evocations, Movement II) / Adaskin March No. 2 / Halvorsen Triumphal Entry of the Boyars / Grieg March of the Dwarfs (from Lyric Suite / Herbert March of the Toys (from Babes in Toyland) (Arranged by Otto Langey) / Rodgers March of the Siamese Children (from The King & I) (Arranged by Bennett) / Williams The Imperial March (from The Empire Strikes Back)

(Shauna Rolston cello, Uri Mayer conductor, 1989) (CBC SM 5105, SMC 5105, SMCD 5105)
 * Works for Cello and Orchestra
 * Morawetz Memorial to Martin Luther King / Bruch Kol Nidrei, Opus 47 / Fauré Élégie for Cello and Orchestra, Opus 24 / Dvořák Silent Woods, Opus 68 No. 5 / Bliss Concerto for Cello and Orchestra

(Tom Cochrane, Red Rider, George Blondheim conductor, 1989) (EMI C2 0 7777 2654 2 8)
 * The Symphony Sessions
 * Light in the Tunnel / Human Race / Can't Turn Back / Napoleon Sheds His Skin / White Hot / Big League / Calling America / Avenue "A" / Bird on a Wire / Boy Inside the Man / Lunatic Fringe / Good Times / The Next Life

(Uri Mayer conductor, 1993) (SMCD 5123)
 * Music by Britten and Willan
 * Britten Canadian Carnival, Opus 19 / Britten Peter Grimes: Four Sea Interludes, Opus 33a / Willan Symphony No. 2 in C minor

(Uri Mayer conductor, 1997) (CBC SMCD 5169)
 * Russian Sketches
 * Ippolitov-Ivanov Caucasian Sketches, Opus 10 / Tchaikovsky Eugene Onegin, Opus 24: Polonaise / Tchaikovsky The Sleeping Beauty, Opus 66: Waltz / Shostakovich The Age of Gold: Suite, Opus 22a: Polka / Borodin In the Steppes of Central Asia / Rimsky-Korsakov The Golden Cockerel: Suite

(William Street saxophone, Amanda Forsyth cello, Grzegorz Nowak conductor, 1997) (SMCD 5180)
 * Electra Rising: Music of Malcolm Forsyth
 * Valley of a Thousand Hills / Tre Vie / Electra Rising (Juno Award: Best Classical Composition)

(Grzegorz Nowak conductor, 1999) (Music of Central Europe MCE 5001)
 * Music by Smetana and Janáček
 * Smetana Má vlast (original 1875 version) / Janáček Moravian Dances

(P.J. Perry, saxophone, David Hoyt conductor, 1999)
 * P.J. Perry and the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra
 * Django / Charlie Parker Medley / Bossa Nova Medley / They Kept Bach's Head Alive / Ballad Medley / Hand In Hand / Harlem Nocturne / The Old Castle / Strike Up The Band

(The Arrogant Worms, David Hoyt conductor, 2003)
 * Semi-Conducted (CD) / Three Worms and an Orchestra (DVD)
 * Overture / Big Fat Road Manager / Canada's Really Big / Rocks and Trees / Log In to You / I am Cow / Last Saskatchewan Pirate / Gaelic Song / Me Like Hockey / Carrot Juice is Murder / Dangerous / Billy the Theme Park Shark / Celine Dion / We are the Beaver

(Mario Bernardi conductor, 2004) (CBC SMCD 5232)
 * Frenergy: The Music of John Estacio
 * Frenergy / A Farmer's Symphony / Bootlegger's Tarantella / Such Sweet Sorrow / Solaris / Borealis / Wondrous Light

(Steve Bell, vocalist, Rei Hotoda conductor, 2008)
 * Steve Bell in concert with the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra (DVD)
 * Here By the Water / Deep Calls to Deep / Waiting for Aidan / Burning Ember / Lord of the Starfields / Even So / Wellspring / Holy Lord

(Jolaine Kerley soprano, Joy-Anne Murphy alto, Benjamin Butterfield tenor, Paul Grindlay bass, André Moisan clarinet, Grzegorz Nowak 1 and Leonard Ratzlaff 2 conductors, 2011; recorded in 2002) (DOREMI DHR-6011-3)
 * Carl Czerny - A Rediscovered Genius
 * Grand Overture in C minor, Opus 142 1 / Overture in E major 2 / Offertorium: "Benedicat nos Deus", Opus 737 2

(Antonio Peruch accordion, Grzegorz Nowak conductor, 2011; recorded in 2001) (FisarmonicArt AP201101)
 * Logos Futura
 * Forsyth Concerto for Accordion and Orchestra

(Angela Cheng piano, Denise Djokic cello, Juliette Kang violin, Jens Lindemann trumpet, William Eddins conductor, 2013) (ESO LIVE 2012-05-01)
 * A Concert for New York
 * Robert Rival Lullaby / Estacio Triple Concerto / Gilliland Dreaming of the Masters III / Martinů Symphony No. 1 / Bernstein "Mambo" (from Symphonic Dances from "West Side Story")

(Eleanor McCain vocalist, Denise Djokic cello, Paul Pike native flute, Pro Coro Canada, Martin MacDonald conductor, 2017)
 * True North - The Canadian Songbook
 * McLachlan Angel (Arranged by Darren Fung) / Robertson Broken Arrow (Arranged by Don Breithaupt) / MacLellan Snowbird (Arranged by Don Breithaupt)

title: Edmonton Symphony Orchestra


text:
Osgoode Township

Osgoode Township is a former township that is now a part of the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The township along the Rideau River was established in 1798 and incorporated in 1850. It was an independent township in Carleton County until its amalgamation with the city in 2001. It remains a largely rural area with only some 23,285 inhabitants as of the 2016 census. As of the Canada 2021 Census, this had increased to 24,199. On Ottawa city council it is represented by George Darouze.

Several branches of the Castor River, a tributary of the South Nation River, flow through the township.

The township took its name from William Osgoode, the first Chief Justice of Upper Canada.

History
Originally the territory of the Mississaugas, the land for the township was acquired by the British in the 1780s. But not until 1827 did the first European settlers, the McDonnell and York families, arrive. The early settlers were attracted to the area by the good farm land and the large stands of white pine and white oak. The first two township roads intersected in Baker's Corners (now Metcalfe). Further settlement in the township followed the construction of the Rideau Canal and the railway through Osgoode.

Osgoode Township was incorporated in 1850. It was merged into the City of Ottawa on January 1, 2001.

Reeves

 * 1850 - Arthur Allen
 * 1855 - John Dow
 * 1857 - John C. Bower
 * 1858 - John Dow
 * 1871 - Alexander McEwen
 * 1873 - Ira Morgan
 * 1876 - Adam J. Baker
 * 1879 - Ira Morgan
 * 1883 - W.F. Campbell
 * 1884 - Ira Morgan
 * 1892 - James Whiteside
 * 1893 - Allan P. McDonell
 * 1900 - James Simpson
 * 1904 - Thomas James
 * 1907 - Alex Dow
 * 1918 - Duncan McDiarmid
 * 1922 - S.J. Loney
 * 1926 - J.H. Nixon
 * 1934 - George S. Lewis
 * 1948 - Dr. W. A. Taylor
 * 1950 - John E. Boland
 * 1958 - Dr. W. A. Taylor
 * 1976 - Al Bouwers

Mayors

 * 1982 - 1995 - Al Bouwers
 * 1995 - 1998 - Lloyd Cranston
 * 1998 - 2001 - Doug Thompson

Demographics
According to the Canada 2011 Census:
 * Population: 22,239
 * % Change (2006-2011): +9.4%
 * Dwellings:
 * Area (km2): 379.86
 * Density (persons per km2): 58.5

title: Osgoode Township


text:
Talk:Primary and secondary (polyamory)

I'm probably not the one to be writing this, since I don't entirely get P/S/T relationships myself, which is why I've taken the liberty of NPOV-tagging it in advance. But it seemed to me that the article was needed - hopefully others will improve it from here and remove the tag when appropriate. --Calair 00:37, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Primary and secondary (polyamory)


text: User talk:69.215.88.51

title: User talk:69.215.88.51


text:
Titanic (1996 miniseries)

Titanic is a 1996 American two-part television miniseries which premiered on CBS on November 17 and 19, 1996. It focuses on several characters aboard the RMS Titanic during her maiden voyage in 1912. The miniseries was directed by Robert Lieberman. The original music score was composed by Lennie Niehaus.

Plot
Titanic follows three main story threads.

Isabella Paradine is traveling on the Titanic to join her husband after attending her aunt's funeral in the United Kingdom. On the Titanic, she meets Wynn Park, her former lover. She falls in love with him again, and after a brief affair, she sends her husband a wireless saying they cannot be together anymore (despite their daughter). When the ship starts sinking, Isabella reluctantly leaves Wynn when he forces her to board a lifeboat. As the boat is lowered, Isabella confesses a long kept secret that her daughter Claire is actually Wynn's. Later on board the RMS Carpathia she is grief-stricken when she finds Wynn's lifeless body on deck, having died of hypothermia, but luckily, when the Carpathia reaches New York City she is reunited with her family who are blissfully unaware of Isabella's tryst because the telegram was never sent out due to the sinking.

Also in first class is the Allison family, a family travelling on the Titanic, returning home to Montreal with their two small children and new nurse, Alice Cleaver. They gradually become wary and suspicious of her hysterical and neurotic behavior. Later on, a fellow maid asks her if she'd seen her in Cairo the previous month, but soon realizes that she remembers her from the highly publicized trial where Alice was accused of throwing her baby off a train. When the Titanic starts sinking, Alice Cleaver panics and quickly boards a lifeboat with Trevor, the Allisons' infant son. The parents with their small daughter are unaware that the baby is safe and refuse to leave the ship without him, which in the end costs them their lives.

In third class, a young vagrant named Jamie Perse steals a ticket to get on board. He manages to become friends with one of the crewmen, Simon Doonan, who is also a robber, but later is revealed to be a much more violent and callous criminal than Jamie. The young man falls in love with Aase (pronounced "Osa") Ludvigsen, a recent Christian convert and missionary. On the night of the sinking, Aase is brutally raped and beaten by Doonan, causing her to lose her faith and will to live, but Jamie manages to get her into Isabella's boat. Unbeknownst to them, Doonan also sneaks aboard that same boat, disguised as an old woman. After the ship sinks, Aase is knocked off the lifeboat by Doonan after she recognizes him, and he attempts to hold the passengers in the boat hostage at gunpoint, but Officer Lowe, who is in charge of the boat, hits Doonan in the head with an oar, snapping his neck and killing him. Jamie himself manages to survive when he accidentally falls into one of the last lifeboats before the Titanic sinks. He subsequently atones for his past life after he finds Aase in the makeshift hospital aboard the Carpathia. In the end, upon arriving in New York City, the two plan to start a new life together.

Reception
The New York Daily News commented on the fact that the acting was substandard and the ship's operators and owner are portrayed "about as sympathetically as those connected with the Exxon Valdez." The Seattle Post-Intelligencer also referenced the "embarrassingly bad acting" and out of place scenes.

Awards
Titanic received an Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Drama Miniseries or a Special. It was also nominated for Outstanding Costume Design for a Miniseries or a Special.

title: Titanic (1996 miniseries)


text:
Poor white trash

Poor White Trash may refer to:

 * Poor White Trash (film), a 2000 film by Michael Addis
 * Poor White, an American subculture

title: Poor white trash


text: User talk:24.228.61.207

title: User talk:24.228.61.207


text:
Talk:2nd Rifle Division (Soviet Union)

Naming conventions (military units)
Forgive the spam, but I'm making a scattershot announcement to try to attract people with international interests to help forge some naming conventions. A draft is now available at Naming conventions (military units), and we need feedback on the talk page. Thanks. — B.Bryant 00:40, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:2nd Rifle Division (Soviet Union)


text:
Talk:South African Special Forces

Stiff: A Silent War
I've been reading Peter Stiff's A Silent War, and I found the sections towards the end (about cross-border assassinations of ANC operatives) particularly interesting. I'm thinking about writing about this on Wikipedia, but I'm not sure of the best way of doing this. Add it to this article? Start a new article about this phenomenon? Make a list of people assassinated during the apartheid struggle?

Suggestions are welcome.

ManicParroT (talk) 17:26, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

 * The South African Special Forces Brigade IS part of the Army. For purely operational purposes it is directly under the Chief of the SANDF.203.184.41.226 (talk) 05:10, 25 August 2012 (UTC)
 * The organisational structure of the SANDF places the SASF Brigade within the Joint Operations Division, created in 1997. It no longer reports directly to the Chief of the SANDF, but to the Chief of Joint Operations. It is not a part of the organisational structure of the South African Army. If you have verifiable information to the contrary I would like to see it, but to my knowledge the setup I described remains in place. Darren (talk) 19:09, 25 August 2012 (UTC)

Tenses etc
I have made an attempt (in my edit marked "/* History */ Updated Tenses and other mior changes of grammer") to correct the tense and grammatical problems in that section. Could someone else please check and if agreeable remove the unsightly tag about the need to correct tenses? Thank you. BoonDock (talk) 20:30, 29 September 2014 (UTC)

Comparable units section
There really is no justification for this section! It is not cited and there is clearly no basis for comparison. It appears to have been added as an opinionated afterthought. Does it reflect comparable by size, comparable by capability, comparable by allegiance or comparable by period in operation - In the interests of retaining an neutral, well sourced article / subject - I strongly recommend it be deleted. Views? Farawayman (talk) 10:06, 27 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I agree. I would support the comparison being made on the general Special Forces entry, and leave it off this one. No matter how well intentioned, the temptation will always be there to express a partisan view.. BoonDock (talk) 18:50, 27 October 2014 (UTC)
 * No other comment. Removing. BoonDock (talk) 22:49, 1 November 2014 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 21:54, 7 May 2020 (UTC)
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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 06:41, 22 February 2022 (UTC)
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title: Talk:South African Special Forces


text:
Talk:1st Army (Russian Empire)

Naming conventions (military units)
Forgive the spam, but I'm making a scattershot announcement to try to attract people with international interests to help forge some naming conventions. A draft is now available at Naming conventions (military units), and we need feedback on the talk page. Thanks. — B.Bryant 00:40, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:1st Army (Russian Empire)


text:
Talk:GROM Military Unit

BOA
Does anybody know about BOA? They are trained by GROM and do more Urban counter terrorism. I think they should hget their own page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rachelskit (talk • contribs) 02:49, 3 December 2009 (UTC)

Naming conventions (military units)
Forgive the spam, but I'm making a scattershot announcement to try to attract people with international interests to help forge some naming conventions. A draft is now available at Naming conventions (military units), and we need feedback on the talk page. Thanks. — B.Bryant 00:40, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Slawomir Petelicki.jpg
Image:Slawomir Petelicki.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 05:50, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

mispelling

 * 6-24-2007* Fixed the mispelling of organization from previous 'organisation'

not mispelling

 * 05-25-2008* See spelling differences between British English, and American English - article has been written by someone from Poland, and in Poland British English is indisputably more popular.

Deeper Translation Need
I think we should translate names such like "Armia Krajowa" to "National Army" or "Polish National Army" in this way Polish National Army, (leaving original wiki-link to polish origin) ppl if click on it will see article about Armia Krajowa.

"Armia Krajowa" is most often translated to English as "Home Army". — Preceding unsigned comment added by Seba65534 (talk • contribs) 11:25, 11 August 2012 (UTC)

Now ppl can see original full name in Polish, and next translated full name in English, I think we should translate Cichociemni to Silent&Dark and Polish National Army, because Polish original names are now dubled.

In my opinion people who don't know Polish, don't understand what "Cichociemni" name means, some of ppl will click and find out in next article what this name means, but majority skip it.

The link, ostensibly to the Czech Special Forces unit Urna instead directs to a discussion of Hinduism. Perhaps this link can be fixed/a page on the Czech Urna added? Dpenn89 (talk) 15:05, 2 May 2010 (UTC)

There are some diplomatic issues with the translation of the Armia Krajowa with regard to its relationship with the Polish Government in Exile, and very prickly internal Polish diplomatic issues with regard to the early Cold War period and what was arguably the period of the most brutal Communist occupation. The British "Home Army" has traditionally been a reserve force, while the Polish AK was both a direct combat force and an active underground resistance group and armed wing of a government which had disputed diplomatic recognition. In some sense, the use of the term "Home Army" would only be partially descriptive, whereas its function was in many regards not entirely different from the IRA, albeit the polar opposite with regards to Marxism, but its history and function is very difficult to translate into English without misleading labels. Calling it a "People's army" would have communistic overtones, calling it a "Home Army" would denote a reservist/support status among much of the English speaking world, and even the word "Krajowa" is most likely to be mispronounced or awkward to say by most native speakers of English. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.193.222.193 (talk) 10:09, 1 September 2012 (UTC)

Comparable units
Sry but I think the german KSK (Kommando Spezial Kräfte) is also or even more comparable to the GROM. The GSG-9 is a police unit and has no military role.--78.43.38.197 (talk) 20:38, 8 March 2011 (UTC)

B-class review
This article is currently at start/C class, but could be improved to B-class if it had more (inline) citations. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| talk to me 03:35, 5 May 2012 (UTC)

Is the laundry list of similar units needed
The list of similar units is getting a little long and to be honest is really a waste of space/time. Why not just include a link to:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Counter-terrorist_organizations

or

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_military_special_forces_units

Updating one central list seems like a better use of editor resources and it also makes it easier for readers of the article. DouglasCalvert (talk) 01:33, 23 July 2013 (UTC)

Equipment
I notice that the equipment section has several * inserted in it but it doesn't co-ordinate to any kind of note. Maybe I'm just not good with grammar but shouldn't it collaret to a note? Thanks! Hyperborrean22 09:10, 14 April 2014 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.17.198.46 (talk)

GROM requires a more accurate article
GROM is a world-class anti-terrorism unit- often trained in the West, yes. But they bring a knowledge to their craft that is uniquely uniquely Poland. What a beautiful and intelligent nation.

GROM requires a more accurate article
GROM is a world-class anti-terrorism unit- often trained in the West, yes. But they bring a knowledge to their craft that is uniquely uniquely Poland. What a beautiful and intelligent nation. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dosware (talk • contribs) 16:47, 13 July 2014 (UTC)

NATO liaisons
The article mentions working with NATO partners in training, but Ireland and Sweden are not now, nor have ever been, part of NATO.

Kochamanita (talk) 16:11, 24 May 2015 (UTC)

GROM abbreviation meaning
GROM, which stands for Grupa Realizacji Operacji Most (English: Group for the Implementation of the Operation Bridge).

That's wrong. GROM stands for "Reagowania Operacyjno-Manewrowego" (Operational Response Group). It can be found on official web page: http://www.grom.wp.mil.pl/en/21.html (PL: http://www.grom.wp.mil.pl/pl/5.html).

Operation Bridge has nothing to do with the name. In fact, Operation Simoom (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Simoom ) has bigger impact here, because as a bonus reward, US helped with creating GROM.

-- Paul 62.179.9.14 (talk) 17:28, 15 July 2015 (UTC)

Surgeons
GROM operators gained the nickname of "The Surgeons" due to their extensive medical training and knowledge and their surgical ability to coordinate and execute special operations

Is there any source which confirms that it is true? I think it is wrong. In Polish an "operator" means the surgeon who is performing a surgery (medical procedure). Special military units started to use the word "operator" in the same manner it is used by other SMU. And it is probably the only reason why anyone names GROM as "surgeons". I didn't see anyone using this nickname in Poland Spectralos (talk) 14:49, 1 March 2024 (UTC)

Equipment
is there any proof of using SiG MPX by GROM? From what I know GROM still use HK MP5, and SiGs became the standard weapon for another polish SOF called JW FORMOZA (https://defence24.pl/sily-zbrojne/karabinki-sig-sauera-wkraczaja-do-formozy) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 46.22.166.70 (talk) 06:22, 13 April 2024 (UTC)

Name translation
"Home Of Army Silent Unseen Paratroopers" doesn't seem to be an accurate translation of the original Polish name, rather it should be "Silent Unseen Paratroopers of the Home Army" Liquid Architecture (talk) 20:57, 9 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:GROM Military Unit


text:
Talk:II ANZAC Corps

Naming conventions (military units)
Forgive the spam, but I'm making a scattershot announcement to try to attract people with international interests to help forge some naming conventions. A draft is now available at Naming conventions (military units), and we need feedback on the talk page. Thanks. — B.Bryant 00:40, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

List of Units?
Is it possible to have a definitive list of all units that comprised II Anzac Corps (maybe having a year by year breakdown)? In fact I would like to see more detail on Wikipedia in this regard, although it could get complicated. I am currently reading a book entitled 'History of the Sixth Battalion West Yorkshire Regiment Volume I - 1/6th Battalion' by Captain E V Tempest, DSO, MC and was quite surprised to find out that...'On September 24th (1917) the Battalion was transferred from XVth Corps of the 4th Army to II Anzac Corps of the 2nd Army (Sir Herbert Plummer)'. I was also surprised to find out that when they were posted to France in 1915 they also spent some time as part of the Indian Corps in 1st Army before joining VI Corps of 2nd Army. There must be plenty of other units that were transferred in similar circumstances. 2.25.109.91 (talk) 20:52, 26 September 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:II ANZAC Corps


text:
Talk:UK Special Forces

Naming conventions (military units)
Forgive the spam, but I'm making a scattershot announcement to try to attract people with international interests to help forge some naming conventions. A draft is now available at Naming conventions (military units), and we need feedback on the talk page. Thanks. — B.Bryant 00:40, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Royal Marines
''The Royal Navy Marines are sometimes considered to be a navy branch of special forces, but are definately not as elite as the SAS or SBS are. They do not also operate in as much secrecy and 'cloaking'. They are also a much larger force, and there is much more information concerning them.''

 * I understand what you're saying, but this isn't a page about special forces of the UK; it's about the UK Special Forces group, of which the Royal Marines are not part (they belong instead to the United Kingdom Amphibious Forces group, which has its own director).

 * However, your point is valid; how do you define 'special forces', and does the definition encompass the Royal Marines or not? They are the heirs of the commandoes of WW2, who one instinctively feels to be special forces; yet, as you point out, they lack the clandestine nature of the SAS/SBS. How do other countries define the term? In the USA, 'special forces' refers strictly to the Green Berets alone: are they more like the SAS or the Royal Marines in selection, training, role, tactics, secrecy, etc.? Franey 16:14, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:UK Special Forces


text:
Talk:Royal Australian Armoured Corps

Naming conventions (military units)
Forgive the spam, but I'm making a scattershot announcement to try to attract people with international interests to help forge some naming conventions. A draft is now available at Naming conventions (military units), and we need feedback on the talk page. Thanks. — B.Bryant 00:40, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Back to the future
For those unaware, David Morrison's short lived Plan Beersheba has morphed into Plan Keogh, where a battalion in each brigade is being equipped with M113s, the other with PMVs, and each ACR now has one tank and two cavalry squadrons. Unfortunately many very good officers were dismissed by David Morrison for expressing reservations about Beersheda. Cavalryman V31 (talk) 23:41, 19 January 2018 (UTC).

 * Maybe remove your last sentence, this shouldn't be where grievances are aired. KarmaKangaroo (talk) 19:11, 7 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Royal Australian Armoured Corps


text:
Talk:Shipbuilding

translation
Does anybody know how to translate Gleitschienenrack and Tonnenrack into english — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mr.Lovecraft (talk • contribs) 16:41, 3 December 2021 (UTC)

 * Not exactly a translation, but the left-hand picture is of a truss yoke running on a jackstay, whilst the right-hand picture is of a tub parrel. There are illustrations of this on page 69 of Harland: Seamanship in the Age of Sail The pictures are of the arrangements for a hoisting yard. Trespassing in the subject of translation (using google translate): gleitschiene is "sliding rail", but unable to help with the rest. ThoughtIdRetired (talk) 19:14, 13 July 2022 (UTC)

 * @ThoughtIdRetired Thank you very much indeed. Mr.Lovecraft (talk) 10:07, 14 July 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 7 January 2019 and 23 March 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Eliza Wu-UCSD.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:15, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Misrepresentation of the history of Austronesian maritime technology
The article makes some disputed assertions on the dates of development of Austronesian maritime technology. These are:

Sub-section "4th millennium BC: Austronesia" "The first true ocean-going vessels were built by the Austronesian peoples during the Austronesian expansion (c. 3000 BC)" There are lots of problems with this. A: The more popular view of the origin of Austronesian traditional sailing vessels, proposed by, among others, Horridge, is that the types encountered by Europeans on first contact are forms that have existed with very slow change over a very long period. Early forms were extrapolated back to primitive ancestor types used for the first maritime migrations by Austronesians. There is absolutely no archaeological evidence for this, as nothing has survived from any of their vessels from that long ago. There are some cave paintings of boats, but these are difficult to date. They show quadrilateral sails. If these images are old, then they completely demolish the ideas of Horridge. Linguistic evidence has been cited, but that is now disputed in interpretation and has been used to support opposing theories. An alternative idea has been proposed by, among others, Atholl Anderson (see for instance or his chapter SEAFARING IN REMOTE OCEANIA in The Oxford Handbook of Prehistoric Oceania (Oxford Handbooks) (p. 473). Oxford University Press.) which suggests a much later date for the development of the distinctive rigs and other maritime technology. At the very least, Wikipedia should say that there is no accepted consensus on when these developments took place, or even which cultures produced the relevant innovations. B: The date given (3000 BC) is before the rapid expansion of Austronesians into near Oceania around 1500 BC. This is when it is suggested that more effective sailing rigs were available. Supposing, then, that the articles has only erred in date, and the claim of "Ocean going vessels" should be dated to 1500 BC, how does that stand against other maritime cultures? The Minoan civilization existed from 3500 BC to 1100 BC. This was a maritime civilisation (based on, among other islands, Crete). They engaged in trade with Egypt, and used sail on both warships (galleys) and merchant ships. The distance from Crete to Egypt is around 350 miles. This is larger than many of the distances travelled by Austronesians in the years immediately after 1500 BC. This comparison does not support the claim of Austronesians being the first. C: Australia was populated about 400,000 years ago. This involved (even allowing for lower sea levels) a significant sea crossing. Was that achieved in a "true ocean-going vessel"? D: What is meant by "ocean-going"? Is this a problem with American English, in which any salt water that is not substantially enclosed by land is described as "ocean", whilst British English would often refer to that as the "sea", with "ocean" being reserved for the named oceans of the world. E: Much of the remainder of this section should not be in a "4th millennium BC" section, as it is of substantially later date.

There is a lot more than one could criticise on the Austronesian content of the article. The above is just a starting point. ThoughtIdRetired (talk) 20:15, 13 July 2022 (UTC)

Early modern period: Europe
This section completely omits the development of carvel construction (which was not a single step process). The role of the shipwright and the introduction of mathematical techniques in design are glossed over with no explanation. Mechanisation of some ship construction techniques (for instance the introduction of windmill-powered saw mills in the shipyards of the Netherlands in the early 17th century) are not mentioned. Nor is the importance of obtaining large supplies of timber. This, of course, led to the use of iron components to replace the scarce compass timber for knees. The Dutch role as the timber merchants of Europe (importing large quantities from the Baltic) is integral to any account of European shipbuilding. The replacement by Holland of the Basque country as the major shipbuilders of Europe, followed by their decline and replacement by English and French shipyards are an important part of the story. The development of the Fluyt could be mentioned as a major innovation.

As for the existing text, what is meant by the west moved into a new era of ship construction by building the first regular oceangoing vessels? What on earth were the medieval ships that carried wine across the Bay of Biscay from France? Isn't that oceangoing? The statement The ships of the Napoleonic Wars were still built more or less to the same basic plan as those of the Spanish Armada of two centuries earlier is either very poor use of English or a complete misappreciation of the developments over this time period.

Unless a powerful case can be made to preserve some parts of the existing section, it all has to be replaced in a substantial rewrite. ThoughtIdRetired (talk) 22:30, 8 September 2023 (UTC)

Problem source?
The source used in this article, Haywood, John (1991). Dark Age Naval Power: Frankish & Anglo-Saxon Seafaring Activity. Routledge. p. 18. ISBN 978-0415063746. NB second edition 2006: 978-1898281436 has been criticised in this review. The reviewer challenges some of the conclusions made by Hayward about the superior nautical activity discussed in the book. I suggest that this means this source should be used with caution, as it is clear that contrary opinions exist on many points made by Hayward. ThoughtIdRetired (talk) 21:31, 27 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shipbuilding


text:
Leaning Pine Arboretum

The Leaning Pine Arboretum is located on 5 acre on the north side of the California Polytechnic State University campus, in San Luis Obispo, central California. In 2022, the Arboretum received a one-million-dollar gift from a former Provost and her husband.

Garden collections
Collections are arranged primarily by nativity and feature a diverse array of trees, shrubs, and other landscape plants appropriate for the Central Coast of California region. The gardens display hundreds of unique and intriguing plants, primarily from the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub Biome in the world's five Mediterranean climate regions located in areas of: Australia, California, Chile, the Mediterranean region, and South Africa.

The arboretum also has a New Zealand garden, a Dwarf and Unusual Conifer garden, a Formal garden, and displays of cycads, palms, and numerous succulents.

Access
The Leaning Pine Arboretum is a living laboratory of plants for all to enjoy. Visitors are always welcome. The arboretum is open year around. Hours are from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Saturday, except for Cal Poly academic holidays. There is no admission fee. Pay parking is available nearby

Because plants change with the seasons, visitors are encouraged to return often to enjoy the many and varied highlights and vistas. Staff in the gift shop usually have a brochure-map of the gardens.

title: Leaning Pine Arboretum


text:
Talk:Scott Garrett

Link
There was a link pointing to "Information on Scott Garrett", though the link points to "www.dumpgarrett.com"; I noticed this while adding the NJ-FedRep template. The link title thus purports to be NPOV, but the site is certainly not. Rather than remove the link, I changed the display text to accurately reflect the fact that it is criticism of Mr. Garrett. -- Vystrix Nexoth 00:42, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)

ACU ratings
The phrase "highest in the northeast" was deleted due to Bill Shuster and Joe Pitts (both from Pennsylvania) also having 100% ratings form the ACU.

69.39.172.118 12:03, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

"Best Known Conservative"
Bret Schundler can no longer be considered New Jersey's best known conservative. He may have been the best known conservative in the past (circa 2001), but since then he has endorsed many liberal republicans in GOP primaries (i.e., 2003 and 2006) and as a result has lost credibility in the N.J. conservative community.

I recommend that the sentence be replaced with one that compares Garrett to one of the de facto leaders of the N.J. conservative community, like John P. Ginty or Steve Lonegan.

72.82.190.141 22:19, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

(Probably) Not The Child Actor
Congressman Scott Garrett is (probably) not the child actor Scott Garrett who portrayed Burton (Godfrey Cambridge's son) in the 1970 movie Watermelon Man.

72.82.196.105 00:57, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

stance on don't ask don't tell
http://www.wnyc.org/shows/bl/episodes/2010/02/03/segments/149437 He just had an interesting interview on WNYC and was put on the spot to answer towards the end regarding his stance on Don't Ask Don't Tell which he said he'd most likely never sign to repeal --208.255.118.242 (talk) 16:01, 3 February 2010 (UTC)

POV issues
I've added the POV template to this article, because the information provided focuses on listing instances in which Garrett has taken minority or isolated political positions--notice the repeated "Garrett was the only..." throughout the article. It seems to me that the tone and selection of information here convey a distinct POV that seeks to portray the subject's positions as out of touch with those of his state's inhabitants. Alkibiades14 (talk) 15:37, 29 July 2015 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure I agree with that, it's just being descriptive, it's informing the reader that he's notable as he's willing to take positions that are even to the right of his party. SuperCarnivore591 (talk) 23:34, 6 August 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Confederate Flag
Should we mention the confederate flag issue? http://www.northjersey.com/news/rep-garrett-only-nj-house-member-to-vote-against-banning-confederate-flags-at-veterans-cemeteries-1.1602021
 * It was a vote, so more than just stating a political position. I see no reason not to add it. – Muboshgu (talk) 20:11, 26 October 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Scott Garrett


text:
William Wells Brown

William Wells Brown (c. 1814 – November 6, 1884) was an American abolitionist, novelist, playwright, and historian. Born into slavery near Mount Sterling, Kentucky, Brown escaped to Ohio in 1834 at the age of 19. He settled in Boston, Massachusetts, where he worked for abolitionist causes and became a prolific writer. While working for abolition, Brown also supported causes including: temperance, women's suffrage, pacifism, prison reform, and an anti-tobacco movement. His novel Clotel (1853), considered the first novel written by an African American, was published in London, England, where he resided at the time. It was later published in the United States.

Brown was a pioneer in several different literary genres, including travel writing, fiction, and drama. In 1858 he became the first published African-American playwright, and often read from this work on the lecture circuit. Following the Civil War, in 1867 he published what is considered the first history of African Americans in the Revolutionary War. He was among the first writers inducted to the Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame, established in 2013. A public school was named for him in Lexington, Kentucky.

Brown was lecturing in England when the 1850 Fugitive Slave Law was passed in the US. As its provisions increased the risk of his capture and re-enslavement, even in northern states, he stayed overseas for several years. He traveled throughout Europe. After his freedom was purchased in 1854 by a British couple, he and his two daughters returned to the US, where he rejoined the abolitionist lecture circuit in the North. A contemporary of Frederick Douglass, Brown was overshadowed by the charismatic orator and the two feuded publicly.

Life in slavery
A descendant of Mayflower passenger Stephen Hopkins through his father, William was born into slavery in 1814 (or March 15, 1815) near Lexington, Kentucky, where his mother Elizabeth was enslaved. She was held by Dr. John Young and had seven children, each by different fathers. (In addition to William, her children were Solomon, Leander, Benjamin, Joseph, Milford, and Elizabeth.)

William was of mixed race; his father was George W. Higgins, a white planter and cousin of his master Dr. Young. Higgins formally acknowledged William as his son and made Young promise not to sell him. But Young did sell the boy and his mother. In the end, William was sold several times before he was twenty years old.

His brother Joseph has been identified by researchers Ron L. Jackson Jr. and Lee Spencer White as Joe, the slave of Alamo commander William B. Travis. Joe was one of the few survivors of the battle.

William spent the majority of his youth in St. Louis. His masters hired him out to work on steamboats on the Missouri River, then a major thoroughfare for steamships and the slave trade. His work allowed him to see many new places. In 1833, he and his mother escaped together across the Mississippi River, but they were captured in Illinois. In 1834, Brown made a second escape attempt, successfully slipping away from a steamboat when it docked in Cincinnati, Ohio, a free state.

In freedom, he took the names of Wells Brown, a Quaker friend who helped him after his escape by providing food, clothes and some money. He learned to read and write, and eagerly sought more education, reading extensively to make up for what he had been deprived. Around this time he was hired by Elijah Parish Lovejoy and worked with the famed abolitionist in his printing office.

Marriage and family
During his first year of freedom in 1834, Brown at age 20 married Elizabeth Schooner. They had two daughters who survived to adulthood: Clarissa and Josephine. William and Elizabeth later became estranged. In 1851, Elizabeth died in the United States.

Brown had been in England since 1849 with their daughters, lecturing on the abolitionist circuit. After his freedom was purchased in 1854 by a British couple, Brown returned with his daughters to the US, settling in Boston. On April 12, 1860, the 46-year-old Brown married again, to 25-year-old Anna Elizabeth Gray in Boston.

In 1856, Well's daughter Josephine Brown published Biography of an American Bondman (1856), an updated account of his life. She drew extensively on material from her father's 1847 autobiography. She added details about abuses he had suffered as a slave, as well as new material about his years in Europe.

Move to New York
From 1836 to about 1845, Brown made his home in Buffalo, New York, where he worked as a steamboat man on Lake Erie. He helped many fugitive slaves gain their freedom by hiding them on the boat to take them to Buffalo, or Detroit, Michigan, or across the lake to Canada. He later wrote that during the seven-month period of time from May to December 1842, he had helped 69 fugitives reach Canada. Brown became active in the abolitionist movement in Buffalo by joining several anti-slavery societies and the Colored Convention Movement. Brown's work in anti-slavery societies often included public speaking, and he frequently used music as part of his performance. Brown's use of music in his speeches emphasizes music's role in the anti-slavery movement of the 1840s. He "traveled with a slavery-themed travelling panorama". While living in Buffalo, Brown also organized a Temperance Society, which quickly gained 500 members. At the time there were only 700 black people living in Buffalo.

Years in Europe
In 1849, Brown left the United States with his two young daughters to travel in the British Isles to lecture against slavery. He wanted them to gain the education he had been denied. He was also traveling that year as a representative of the US at the International Peace Congress in Paris. Given passage of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 in the US, which increased penalties and more severely enforced capture of fugitive slaves, he chose to stay in England until 1854. That year his freedom was purchased by British friends. As a highly visible public figure in the US, he was at risk for capture as a fugitive and re-enslavement. Slave catchers were paid high bounties to return slaves to their owners, and the new law required enforcement even by free states and their citizens, although many resisted.

Brown lectured widely to antislavery circuits in the UK to build support for the US movement. He often showed a metal slave collar as demonstration of the institution's evils. An article in the Scotch Independent reported the following: "By dint of resolution, self-culture, and force of character, he [Brown] has rendered himself a popular lecturer to a British audience, and vigorous expositor of the evils and atrocities of that system whose chains he has shaken off so triumphantly and forever. We may safely pronounce William Wells Brown a remarkable man, and a full refutation of the doctrine of the inferiority of the negro."

Brown also used this time to learn more about the cultures, religions, and different concepts of European nations. He felt that he needed always to be learning, in order to catch up and live in a society where others had been given an education when young. In his 1852 memoir of travel in Europe, he wrote,

"He who escapes from slavery at the age of twenty years, without any education, as did the writer of this letter, must read when others are asleep, if he would catch up with the rest of the world."

At the International Peace Conference in Paris, Brown faced opposition while representing the country that had enslaved him. Later he confronted American slaveholders on the grounds of the Crystal Palace.

Based on this journey, Brown wrote Three Years in Europe: or Places I Have Seen And People I Have Met. His travel account was popular with middle-class readers as he recounted sightseeing trips to the foundational monuments of European culture. In his Letter XIV, Brown wrote about his meeting with the Christian philosopher Thomas Dick in 1851.

Abolition orator and writer
After his return to the US, Brown gave lectures for the abolitionist movement in New York and Massachusetts. He soon focused on anti-slavery efforts. His speeches expressed his belief in the power of moral suasion and the importance of nonviolence. He often attacked the supposed American ideal of democracy and the use of religion to promote submissiveness among slaves. Brown constantly refuted the idea of black inferiority.

Due to his reputation as a powerful orator, Brown was invited to the National Convention of Colored Citizens, where he met other prominent abolitionists. When the Liberty Party formed, he chose to remain independent, believing that the abolitionist movement should avoid becoming entrenched in politics. He continued to support the Garrisonian approach to abolitionism. He shared his own experiences and insight into slavery in order to convince others to support the cause.

Literary works
In 1847, he published his memoir, the Narrative of William W. Brown, a Fugitive Slave, Written by Himself, which became a bestseller across the United States, second only to Frederick Douglass' slave narrative memoir. Brown critiques his master's lack of Christian values and the customary brutal use of violence by owners in master-slave relations. When Brown lived in Britain, he wrote more works, including travel accounts and plays. His first novel, entitled Clotel, or, The President's Daughter: a Narrative of Slave Life in the United States, was published in London in 1853. It portrays the fictional plight of two mulatto (mixed-race) daughters born to Thomas Jefferson and one of his slaves. His novel is believed to be the first written by an African American.

Historically, Jefferson's household was known to include numerous mixed-race slaves, and there were rumors since the early 19th century that he had children with a slave, Sally Hemings. In 1826 Jefferson freed five mixed-race slaves in his will; most historians now believe that two brothers, Madison and Eston Hemings, were among his four surviving children from his long-term forced relationship with Sally Hemings.

As Brown's novel was first published in England and not until later in the United States, it is not the first novel by an African American published in the US. This credit goes to either Harriet Wilson's Our Nig (1859) or Julia C. Collins' The Curse of Caste; or The Slave Bride (1865). Most scholars agree that Brown is the first published African-American playwright. Brown wrote two plays after his return to the US: Experience; or, How to Give a Northern Man a Backbone (1856, unpublished and no longer extant) and The Escape; or, A Leap for Freedom (1858). He read the latter aloud at abolitionist meetings in lieu of the typical lecture.

Brown continually struggled with how to represent slavery "as it was" to his audiences. For instance, in an 1847 lecture to the Female Anti-Slavery Society of Salem, Massachusetts, he said: "Were I about to tell you the evils of Slavery, to represent to you the Slave in his lowest degradation, I should wish to take you, one at a time, and whisper it to you. Slavery has never been represented; Slavery never can be represented."

Brown also wrote several histories, including: St. Domingo: Its Revolution and Its Patriots (1855), a history of the Haitian Revolution; The Black Man: His Antecedents, His Genius, and His Achievements (1863); The Negro in the American Rebellion (1867), considered the first historical work about black soldiers in the American Revolutionary War; and The Rising Son (1873). His last book was another memoir, My Southern Home (1880).

Later life
Brown stayed abroad until 1854. Passage of the 1850 Fugitive Slave Law had increased his risk of capture even in the free states. Only after the Richardson family of Britain purchased his freedom in 1854 (they had done the same for Frederick Douglass), did Brown return to the United States. He quickly rejoined the anti-slavery lecture circuit.

Perhaps because of the rising social tensions in the 1850s, Brown became a proponent of African-American emigration to Haiti, an independent black republic in the Caribbean since 1804. In the fall of 1861, he toured the Black communities of Canada West on behalf of James Redpath's Haytian Bureau of Emigration, writing a series of articles, The Colored People of Canada, in its official journal, Pine and Palm.

During the American Civil War and in the decades that followed, Brown continued to publish fiction and non-fiction books, securing his reputation as one of the most prolific African-American writers of his time. He also helped recruit blacks to fight for the Union in the Civil War. He introduced Robert John Simmons from Bermuda to the abolitionist Francis George Shaw, father of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, the commanding officer of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment.

While continuing to write, Brown was active in the Temperance movement as a lecturer. After studying homeopathic medicine, he opened a medical practice in Boston's South End while keeping a residence in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1882 he moved to the nearby city of Chelsea.

William Wells Brown died on November 6, 1884, in Chelsea, Massachusetts, at the age of 70.

Legacy and honors

 * He is the first African American to publish a novel with Clotel, or, The President's Daughter: a Narrative of Slave Life in the United States, in 1853 in London (Harriet Wilson's Our Nig, published in 1859, is the first novel published by an African American in the United States).
 * An elementary school in Lexington, Kentucky, where he spent his early years, is named after him.
 * He was among the first writers inducted to the Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame.
 * A historic marker marks the approximate location of his home in Buffalo
 * Wells' portrait by Buffalo, N.Y.-based artist Edreys Wajed is one of 28 civil rights icons depicted on the Freedom Wall, commissioned by the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, completed in September 2017.

Writings

 * Narrative of William W. Brown, a Fugitive Slave. Written by Himself, Boston: The Anti-slavery office, 1847.
 * Narrative of William W. Brown, an American Slave. Written by Himself, London: C. Gilpin, 1849.
 * Three Years in Europe: Or, Places I Have Seen and People I Have Met. London: Charles Gilpin, 1852.
 * Brown, William Wells (1815–1884). Three Years in Europe, or Places I Have Seen and People I Have Met. with a Memoir of the author. 1852.
 * William Wells Brown, CLOTEL; or the President's Daughter (1853), An Electronic Scholarly Edition, edited by Professor Christopher Mulvey
 * St. Domingo: Its Revolution and Its Patriots. Boston: Bela Marsh, 1855
 * The American Fugitive in Europe. Sketches of Places and People Abroad. Boston: John P. Jewett, 1855.
 * The Black Man: His Antecedents, His Genius, and His Achievements. New York: Thomas Hamilton; Boston: R.F. Wallcut, 1863.
 * The Rising Son, or The Antecedents and Advancements of the Colored Race. Boston: A. G. Brown & Co., 1873.
 * My Southern Home: or, The South and Its People, Boston: A. G. Brown & Co., Publishers, 1880.
 * The Negro in the American Rebellion; His Heroism and His Fidelity ...

title: William Wells Brown


text:
Rod Beck

Rodney Roy Beck (August 3, 1968 – June 23, 2007 ), nicknamed "Shooter", was an American professional baseball relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the San Francisco Giants (–), Chicago Cubs (–), Boston Red Sox (1999–) and San Diego Padres (–). He batted and threw right-handed.

San Francisco Giants
The Oakland Athletics drafted Beck as a starting pitcher in the 13th round (327th pick) of the 1986 Major League Baseball Draft. Prior to the 1988 season, he was traded to the San Francisco Giants organization. In 1989, while with the San Jose Giants of the California League, he posted a record of 11–2 between opening day and June 14, when he was promoted to the Shreveport Captains of the Double A Texas League.

Beck made his Major League debut on May 6, 1991, against the Montreal Expos. His performance was forgettable (2.0 IP, 3 H, 2 ER), but his season numbers were more impressive. He had a 3.78 ERA, pitched $52 1/3$ innings in 31 games, and struck out 38 while walking 13. In 1992, Beck took over as the regular closer from Dave Righetti and posted a record of 3–3 with 17 saves and a 1.76 ERA. He pitched 92 innings over 65 games and struck out 87 while walking only 15. In 1993 he recorded 48 saves, including 24 consecutive. At the time, both marks were Giants franchise records. Beck found success using a sinker, slider, and splitter.

September 18, 1997
On September 17 and 18, 1997, the Los Angeles Dodgers came to San Francisco to play a two-game series at Candlestick Park. The Dodgers were leading the National League West with a record of 84–67. The Giants were in 2nd place with a record of 82–69; 2 games behind. The Giants won the first game 2–1 behind lefty Kirk Rueter. In that contest, Barry Bonds hit a two-run homer in the first inning for the Giants, while Raúl Mondesí hit a solo shot in the fifth for the Dodgers. Beck did not pitch in the game.

On September 18, he came into the game in the top of the 10th with the score tied 5–5. As the season had progressed, Beck had lost his closer's job to Roberto Hernández. In fact, Beck had blown a save three days earlier in Atlanta while trying to close that game. He had given up 4 earned runs in just $2/3$ of an inning. Beck got into trouble immediately by giving up consecutive singles to Mike Piazza, Eric Karros, and Raúl Mondesí. With the bases loaded, nobody out and the crowd booing loudly, manager Dusty Baker came out to talk to Beck, who was obviously struggling. Baker told Beck, "You're the guy."

Baker left Beck in, and Beck proceeded to strike out Todd Zeile looking at an inside-corner fastball. When he got pinch hitter Eddie Murray to bounce a splitter into an inning-ending double play, the crowd of 52,188 went crazy. Two innings later, Giants reserve catcher Brian Johnson led off with a home run to left field, giving Beck a 6–5 win. The Giants, now tied with the Dodgers for the division lead, would go on to win the Western Division crown.

Chicago Cubs
After the 1997 season, the Giants felt Beck's best years were behind him, and allowed him to leave as a free agent to sign with the Chicago Cubs, replacing him with Robb Nen. Beck set a career high in saves in 1998, his first season with the Cubs, converting 51 of 58 chances. However, in the 1999 season, Beck battled injury, and was traded by Chicago to the Boston Red Sox in exchange for reliever Mark Guthrie and a player to be named later, who turned out to be Cole Liniak.

Boston Red Sox
Beck pitched well for the surging Red Sox, although he struggled in the postseason, giving up a Bernie Williams walk-off home run in Game One of the 1999 ALCS. Beck was not as good in his two full seasons with the team as he had been in the past. After the 2001 season, Beck had Tommy John surgery and missed the 2002 season.

Beck to the Minors
Beck successfully recovered from Tommy John surgery and, as a free agent, was signed by the Cubs in January 2003. While pitching for the team's AAA affiliate Iowa Cubs during his comeback, Beck gained national attention for living in a motor home behind the team's Sec Taylor Stadium (now Principal Park) in Des Moines. Beck warmly welcomed fans to drop by and visit, signed autographs and offered free beer. This time he did not play in the majors for the Cubs, and they released him in May 2003.

San Diego Padres
Immediately after leaving the Cubs in 2003, Beck returned to the Major Leagues with the Padres to fill in for the injured Trevor Hoffman. He converted 20 saves in 20 chances, while posting a 1.78 ERA. His statistics earned him the National League Comeback Player of the Year award. In 2004, Beck dealt with personal problems during Spring Training and struggled in a seventh inning role for the Padres. Beck was released by San Diego in August.

Death
On June 23, 2007, Beck died at his home in Phoenix, Arizona. The Maricopa County medical examiner did not publicly disclose the cause of death and the Phoenix police did not suspect foul play. Beck's ex-wife stated she believed his death to be drug-related. Cocaine and heroin were found in his home and bedroom.

Beck was buried in Phoenix wearing his Chicago Cubs uniform. He was added to the 2008 ballot for the Baseball Hall of Fame, earlier than the typical retirement rule due to his death, and received two votes.

title: Rod Beck


text:
Cabo Girão

Cabo Girão is a lofty sea cliff located along the southern coast of the island of Madeira, in the Portuguese archipelago of Madeira, geographically part of Africa. Cabo Girão is a tourist lookout point, with up to 1800 visitors a day. The location is also a common starting point for hikers.

Skywalk
The Cabo Girão Skywalk is the highest cliff skywalk in Europe, located on top of the cabo Girão Cliff in Madeira Island. The skywalk opened in late October 2012 and is similar to the one in America's Grand Canyon - both are made of transparent glass to provide views to visitors.

Geography
It is situated less than two kilometres west from the centre of Câmara de Lobos, between the parishes of Quinta Grande and Câmara de Lobos. A diamond-shaped sea-cliff escarpment from 560 m to 589 m above sea level, Cabo Girão lies between two river-valleys that flow into the Atlantic Ocean. The escarpment/cliffs extend approximately three kilometres between the urban sprawl of Câmara de Lobos to the east and the river-valley of Quinta Grande in the west.

There are cultivated wave-cut platforms (Fajãs de Cabo Girão) located below the sheer cliffs, which at one time were only accessible by boat. In August 2003, a cable car was installed on the slope of the cliff so farmers can reach these low-lying fields.

Architecture
Apart from the communications towers that are installed on Cabo Girão, the Cape is noted for the Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Fátima (Our Lady of Fátima), which was built in 1974 to replace a much smaller chapel built in 1931.

title: Cabo Girão


text:
The Clue of the Velvet Mask

The Clue of the Velvet Mask is the thirtieth volume in the original Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series. It was Mildred Benson's final ghostwrite for the series. The plot and story take place largely in Nancy's hometown of River Heights. Nancy tries to solve a mystery about a gang of event thieves robbing homes during parties, lectures, musicals, and other social occasions planned or catered by Lightner's Entertainment Company. Much of the original story contains elements of dramatic crime dramas; the villains are darker in tone than many other entries in the series.

Plot summary - 1953 edition
As the story opens, Nancy and friends attempt to thwart suspicious, masked party-goers from reaching valuable objets d'art on display. At the party, Nancy finds an odd, black velvet hood, which she retains as a clue; most of the guests are wearing simpler, smaller masks as the evening is very warm. Her acquaintance, Linda, who is an employee of the Lightner company, is suspected of wrongdoing. At subsequent Lightner events, Nancy encounters other thieves, and is nearly suffocated by an evil pair of crooks. Nancy and George rent wigs to switch identities; however, George is kidnapped, her disguise removed, is put under the influence of hypnotic, mind-altering drugs, and threatened. This results in a timid, frightened characterization; paralyzed by fear, George refuses to help in the investigation and urges Nancy to stop.

Nancy focuses on the executive assistant at Lightner's, Mr. Tombar, while she attempts to decode mysterious numbers written on the lining of the mask. She realizes that the numbers actually mark dates of events at which robberies took place, and starts attending each event in person as detective and as favor to Mr. Lightner. She encounters thieves at a wedding, a musicale, where they nearly smother her, and a lecture. Finally, Nancy attends another masquerade as a coat-check girl, and she stops a robbery in process, capturing a female member of the gang. She and Bess investigate the ramshackle Blue Iris Inn in the nearby countryside, trying to find out why Peter Tombar owns the property and what secrets it hides. On a hunch, she and Bess take an impromptu visit while talking with the recovering George Fayne, and fall victim to the evil Velvet gang. Only paranoid George knows where they are, and can identify the clothing last worn by Nancy. She must overcome her mental breakdown and get on the case when the girls fail to return.

Crime noir elements feature heavily in this book, and Ned Nickerson is prominently featured as a true partner in crime solving. Nancy is accosted by a woman in the opening chapters, comes face to face with a thief at a wedding reception, and is nearly suffocated when a pair of thieves wrap her face-down in a bedspread. George Fayne is drugged and a victim of criminal threat, and Ned is involved in two physical confrontations as well. Finally, Nancy and Bess are kidnapped, blindfolded, and abused verbally (this refers to an out-of-print version of the story).

1969 revision
Nancy's haircolor is changed to titian, George's from black to brown, and the story eliminates subplots and extraneous descriptive vocabulary, including non-essential scenes and passages, including descriptive and humorous passages where Nancy works undercover as a file clerk and finds the work unappealing. Additionally, the revised version removes questionable (in 1969) descriptive elements of George's drugged status and hypodermics. Strangely, the revision also eliminates the importance of George's recovery; although she leads investigators to the scene of the kidnapping, Mr. Drew is nearly as instrumental in finding Nancy as George. Her discovery of a dress button Nancy has planted at the scene is downplayed. In the original version, Nancy has changed clothes, so only George knows what Nancy and Bess were wearing when they disappeared.

Other editions
This book was the first promotional release for the 1959 debut of the Nancy Drew Reader's Club. The covers of volumes released in this group are two-toned pastels, featuring full color jackets and frontispieces, as well as eight double-page drawings by artist Polly Bolian. Bolian depicts Nancy as a strawberry-blond, but with the short tousled "Audrey Hepburn" hairstyle worn by many young women at the time, and tailored, preppy 1950s ensembles. These editions had internal references to other volumes removed, and contain no clues of sequencing. Bolian adapts, with less action, the same scene as the original frontispiece, for the cover art; Nancy and Bess, in vivid 1950's shirtwaist dresses, spy on Mr. Tombar from a ruined garden.

Artwork
The original volume was published in 1953, and was the first book to feature cover art by the artist Rudy Nappi. Nappi would go on to illustrate the covers of many Hardy Boys and all of the Nancy Drew series from 1953 to 1979. During his long term of employment, Nappi eventually updated cover artwork for books he originally illustrated. The original artwork shows Nancy in a conservative Spanish dancer's gown, on a mansion terrace. She is watching a man climb a trellis, while a masquerade is depicted through the French windows of the house. This art was also used on picture cover editions, from 1962 to 1969. The only interior illustration, the frontispiece, shows Nancy and Bess about to be kidnapped while spying at the Blue Iris Inn.

The cover of the 1969 revised version, still in print, depicts Nancy carrying the accessories from her costume, underneath a large image of a head wearing the black velvet domino. This edition also contains five plain pen and ink illustrations.

The "capture" scene frontispiece, from the original 1953 edition, was chosen by several book-binding companies to be used as the cover illustration on re-bound or library bound editions of many Nancy Drew titles.

Note: This is a condensed plot synopsis of separate print editions of a novel; all information referenced in this article comes directly from the source material. Mildred Benson is credited as the author on her Wikipedia page.

title: The Clue of the Velvet Mask