text: Category:U.S. stage actors

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:U.S. stage actors


text:
Liopleurodon

Liopleurodon (meaning 'smooth-sided teeth') is an extinct genus of large, carnivorous marine reptile belonging to the Thalassophonea, a clade of short-necked pliosaurid plesiosaurs. Liopleurodon lived from the Callovian Stage of the Middle Jurassic to the Kimmeridgian stage of the Late Jurassic Period (c. 166 to 155 mya). It was the apex predator of the Middle to Late Jurassic seas that covered Europe. The largest species, L. ferox, is estimated to have grown to 6.4 m in length based on a large skull.

The name "Liopleurodon" (meaning "smooth-sided tooth") derives from Ancient Greek words: λεῖος ', "smooth"; πλευρά ', "side" or "rib"; and ὀδόν , "tooth".

Research history
Even before Liopleurodon was named, material likely belonging to it was described. In 1841, Hermann von Meyer named the species Thaumatosaurus oolithicus based on a fragmentary specimen consisting of partial teeth, skull elements, vertebrae, and ribs from deposits in Württemberg, Germany, possibly dating to the Oxfordian. However, this material is nondiagnostic, lacking distinguishing features. Johann Andreas Wagner published a description of a large plesiosaur tooth from Bavaria, Germany, in 1852, assigning it to a new species that he named Pliosaurus giganteus. However, in 1824, William Conybeare had named a species of Plesiosaurus, Plesiosaurus giganteus, and this species was later viewed as a synonym of either Pliosaurus brachydeirus or P. brachyspondylus by following authors. Since the name Pliosaurus giganteus had been used prior to Wagner's publication, Wagner's name is invalid due to preoccupation. In 1838, Hermann von Meyer applied the name Ischyrodon meriani to a large tooth from Oxfordian-aged rocks in Fricktal, Switzerland. This tooth lacks identifying characteristics, and therefore it is not clear what it belonged to, although Lambert Beverly Tarlo noted the possibility of it pertaining to Liopleurodon in 1960. A 2022 study by Daniel Madzia and colleagues noted that while the tooth likely came from Liopleurodon or something similar, there was too little information available to make a confident assignment, so they treated Ischyrodon as a nomen dubium. In 1860, Hermann Trautschold assigned the name Pliosaurus giganteus to a small tooth now thought to pertain to Liopleurodon. However, as the name Pliosaurus giganteus had already been used twice by this point, Trautschold's name is also invalid. The genus name Liopleurodon was coined by Henri Émile Sauvage in 1873. Sauvage named three species which he assigned to this genus, each based on a single tooth. One tooth, its crown measuring 7.5 cm long, was found near Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, in layers dating from the Callovian,  and was named Liopleurodon ferox. Another from Charly, France, measuring 7 cm long and with a crown length of 5.5 cm, was named Liopleurodon grossouvrei. The third, discovered near Caen, France, was originally attributed to Poikilopleuron bucklandi by Eudes Deslongchamps. While the tooth could have come from the megalosaur, Sauvage considered this identity unsubstantiated, and assigned it to the species Liopleurodon bucklandi. Sauvage did not ascribe the genus to any particular group of reptiles in his descriptions.

However, in 1880, Sauvage synonymized Liopleurodon with Polyptychodon, noting that it was similar to this genus, but distinct from Plesiosaurus and Pliosaurus. In 1888, Richard Lydekker, after studying some teeth attributable to Liopleurodon ferox in the Leeds Collection, concluded that they were so similar to those of Pliosaurus that they should be placed in that genus. These teeth had been collected by Alfred Leeds from the Oxford Clay Formation, near Peterborough, England. In 1869, Harry Govier Seeley had applied the name Pliosaurus pachydeirus to a series of cervical (neck) vertebrae representing the first 17 in the neck from the Oxford Clay Formation near Great Gransden. Other than its large size, Seeley provided no distinguishing characteristics. Lydekker stated that this neck probably belonged to Pliosaurus ferox. W. Kiprijanoff named Thaumatosaurus mosquensis in 1883 based on remains including teeth, vertebrae, and limb bones from Oxfordian-aged rocks in the Moscow Basin of Russia; however, in 1889, Lydekker considered this species to be a probable junior synonym of P. ferox.

In 1905, John Frederick Blake described two teeth from Rushden, England, similar to those of other Liopleurodon ferox specimens, though from older strata than those from Peterborough. He noted that the teeth were quite different from those of Pliosaurus, while the bones were dissimilar to those of Polyptychodon. Since the species couldn't be assigned to either genus, he recommended reinstating the name Liopleurodon. After considering Liopleurodon to be a subgenus of Pliosaurus, N. Bogolubov also listed the two genera as distinct in 1912.

When Lydekker had first visited the collection of Alfred Leeds (known as the Leeds Collection), the only remains of Liopleurodon in his collection were teeth. However, since then, Alfred Leeds, as well as his brother Charles Edward Leeds, had collected many more specimens of Liopleurodon, including skulls and much of the postcranial skeleton. Charles William Andrews described the anatomy of the marine reptile specimens of the Leeds Collection acquired by the British Museum of Natural History in two volumes, the first published in 1910 and the second in 1913. He described the Liopleurodon specimens in the second volume, though considered them to belong to Pliosaurus.

Hermann Linder also described specimens of Liopleurodon ferox in 1913. One of these was a poorly preserved partial skeleton excavated from the Oxford Clay of Fletton, England, housed in Institut für Geowissenschaften, University of Tübingen. The skeleton was mounted and missing regions were restored with material from other Liopleurodon specimens. Like Andrews, Linder also considered L. ferox to be a species of Pliosaurus. Additionally, Linder described some skulls from Fletton housed at both the University of Tübingen and the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart as specimens of P. grandis. Linder also assigned a nearly complete paddle to Pliosaurus sp. All of these specimens have since been assigned to Liopleurodon with varying degrees of confidence, though the skull Linder attributed to P. grandis that was housed in Stuttgart was destroyed during World War II. In 1934, Friedrich von Huene described a partial skeleton from Swabia, Germany. He also used Pliosaurus ferox instead of Liopleurodon ferox. In 1939, Alexandre Bigot used Pliosaurus ferox as well, assigning some teeth from France to this species.

Lambert Beverly Halstead, then known as Tarlo, published a review of Upper Jurassic pliosaurid taxonomy in 1960. He considered Liopleurodon to be distinct from Pliosaurus, noting major differences between the mandibles of the two genera. In addition to the type species L. ferox, Tarlo also considered Pliosaurus pachydeirus to be a valid species within Liopleurodon, L. pachydeirus, noting that the two species had differences in their teeth and cervical vertebrae. L. grossouvrei was not considered valid, though it was tentatively retained for teeth from the Kellaways Formation. In 1971, Halstead published another paper about Jurassic pliosaurids, this time focusing on Pliosaurus rossicus, a species he was formerly unwilling to consider valid, due to a lack of information. After reviewing its anatomy, he considered it valid, though assigned it to Liopleurodon instead, based on its short mandibular symphysis. Halstead also considered Pliosaurus macromerus, which he had previously considered to belong to its own genus, Stretosaurus, to instead be a species of Liopleurodon, despite its irregularly-shaped scapula (although this was later discovered to be an ilium). In 1992, Martill identified a fragmentary specimen belonging to a young individual, PETCM R.296, as cf. Liopleurodon sp.; the specimen was found to have at least 7 gastroliths in its stomach and soft tissues, although the specific features of the latter cannot be observed due to poor preservation.

In a 2001 dissertation, Leslie F. Noè argued that L. pachydeirus was not diagnostic, and that L. ferox was the only valid species of Liopleurodon. The teeth of mounted skeleton in Tübingen, which Tarlo had attributed to L. pachydeirus, showed distinctive characteristics of L. ferox, indicating that cervical vertebrae are not useful for differentiating species, as argued by David S. Brown in 1981. While Tarlo had considered differences in tooth morphology to be diagnostic, Noè instead considered it to be individual variation. Noè also removed L. macromerus and L. rossicus from the genus, citing differences in tooth shape and mandibular symphysis length. The former species was tentatively placed back in Pliosaurus, while the latter was thought to warrant a new genus.

Liopleurodon fossils have been found mainly in England and France. Fossil specimens that are contemporary (Callovian-Kimmeridgian) with those from England and France referrable to Liopleurodon are known from Germany. In 2013, Roger Benson and colleagues considered both ''"L." macromerus and "L." rossicus to belong to Pliosaurus''. They also considered Liopleurodon to be restricted to the Middle Jurassic. In 2015, Jair Israel Barrientos-Lara and colleagues described two pliosaurid fossils found near the town of Tlaxiaco in Oaxaca, Mexico. These fossils were extracted from Kimmeridgian deposits in the Sabinal Formation, and one of them, the partial front end of a snout, was attributable to Liopleurodon, though the researchers considered the remains too fragmentary to provide a species-level identification. Liopleurodon grossouvrei, although synonymized with Pliosaurus andrewsi by most authors, was considered to potentially be a distinct genus in its own right by Davide Foffa and colleagues in 2018, given its differences from P. andrewsi and Liopleurodon ferox. Madzia and colleagues in 2022 noted that the fact that Liopleurodon was named based on a single tooth of dubious distinctiveness is problematic, and that a more complete neotype may need to be designated to preserve the stability of L. ferox. They also stated that further study of the taxon was needed to confirm that the supposed differences between L. ferox and L. pachydeirus were indeed due to individual variation. In 2024, Peggy Vincent and coauthors described a postcranial skeleton measuring around 3.2 m long as preserved from Saint-Laon, France. Found in 1979, this skeleton, informally termed the 'Thouarsais specimen', is among the most complete Liopleurodon postcranial skeletons known and the most complete French specimen.

Description
Liopleurodon ferox first came to the public attention in 1999 when it was featured in an episode of the BBC television series Walking with Dinosaurs, which depicted it as an enormous 25 m long and 150 t predator; this was based on very fragmentary remains, and considered to be an exaggeration for Liopleurodon, with the calculations of 20 m specimens generally considered dubious.

Estimating the size of pliosaurs is difficult because not much is known of their postcranial anatomy. The palaeontologist L. B. Tarlo suggested that the pliosaurs’ total body length can be estimated from the length of their skull which he claimed was typically one-seventh of the former measurement. Additional Kronosaurus specimens and a skeleton of L. ferox, GPIT 1754/2, show that the pliosaurs’ skulls were actually about one-fifth of their total body length. One large skull specimen of L. ferox, CAMSMJ.27424, has an estimated total body length of 6.39 m. McHenry estimated that smaller individuals measuring about 4.8 - 5.7 m long would have weighed around 1 - 1.7 t based on the specimen NHM R2680.

Some researchers propose larger estimates of over 10 m. Tarlo applied the aforementioned one-seventh ratio of skull length to body length, estimating that the largest known specimen of L. ferox was a little over 10 m, though a more typical size range would be from 5 to 7 m. In the 2023 book Ocean Life in the Time of Dinosaurs, Bardet and colleagues also claimed that some individuals could reach lengths of over 10 m.

Classification
Liopleurodon belongs to clade Thalassophonea, a short necked clade within the Pliosauridae, a family of plesiosaurs, thalassophoneans ranged from the Middle Jurassic to early Late Cretaceous, and have been found worldwide.

Liopleurodon was one of the basal taxa from the Middle Jurassic. Differences between these taxa and their relatives from the Upper Jurassic include alveoli count, smaller skull and smaller body size.

An analysis in 2013 classifies Liopleurodon, Simolestes, Peloneustes, Pliosaurus, Gallardosaurus, and Brachaucheninae as Thalassophonea.

The cladogram below follows a 2011 analysis by paleontologists Hilary F. Ketchum and Roger B. J. Benson, and reduced to genera only.

Palaeobiology
Four strong paddle-like limbs suggest that Liopleurodon was a powerful swimmer. Its four-flipper mode of propulsion is characteristic of all plesiosaurs. A study involving a swimming robot has demonstrated that although this form of propulsion is not especially efficient, it provides very good acceleration—a desirable trait in an ambush predator. Studies of the skull have shown that it could probably scan the water with its nostrils to ascertain the source of certain smells.

A fragmentary specimen possibly belonging to a young individual, PETCM R.296, contained numerous hooklets of teuthoid cephalopods, fish bones and a single reptilian tooth in its stomach. Although its exact dietary preference cannot be determined, Martill proposed three suggestions. One possibility is that Liopleurodon could have fed on food supplies that are abundant (i.e. squids), but considering that plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs were also abundant and that the plesiosaurs' swimming speed is likely very slow compared to squids, this interpretation may be unlikely unless Liopleurodon was an ambush predator. Another possibility is that Liopleurodon may have been an opportunistic feeder, with cephalopod hooklets being representative of the acid resistant residue of its varied diet—skeletal components of various vertebrates that lost to the acid environment of the gut; however, since the thin sections through the gut don't reveal the presence of otoliths (calcium carbonate structure of vertebrates located in the vestibular labyrinth) which are known to occur in the gut of cetaceans, fish may not have been an important part of its diet. The other possibility is that the pliosaur fed on large cephalopod-feeders, with the hooklets representing the residues of the stomach contents of the pliosaur's prey, but there is no firm evidence to this claim. It is also notable that this specimen preserved at least 7 gastroliths, which probably weren't used for grinding based on the well-preserved conditions of the hooklets. It is possible either that the pliosaur accidentally swallowed the stones and they remained in its gut, or that the stones represent the "acid resistant residue from carbonate cemented sandstone."

title: Liopleurodon


text:
User talk:JeremyMcCracken

Hello, wikipedia users. This is Jeremy. Please feel free to leave comments.

Proposed community ban of NYScholar
Hello. You have previously commented on issues related to User:NYScholar. I have just proposed that NYScholar be community banned here. I am contacting you partly because your participation in the discussion would be welcome, but also because I have referred to your past comments, and want to give you the chance to ensure that I am not misconstruing them or using them out of context. Best, Steve Smith (talk) (formerly Sarcasticidealist) 07:16, 27 June 2009 (UTC)

Files listed for deletion
Some of your images or media files have been listed for deletion. Please see Files for deletion/2009 October 20 if you are interested in preserving them. Thank you. Yuhong (talk) 05:30, 20 October 2009 (UTC)

Help with GTD article mass deletion
Jeremy, you once helped with a sourcing/vandal dispute on the Getting Things Done article. Would you mind weighing in on this new issue there? Your insights and/or help would be appreciated, one way or the other. Kcren (talk) 15:30, 31 March 2010 (UTC)

Invitation to particpate in the December 2010 Wikification Drive
Delivered by MessageDeliveryBot on behalf of WikiProject Wikify at 18:43, 30 November 2010 (UTC).

Please confirm your membership
Delivered by MessageDeliveryBot on behalf of WikiProject Wikify at 19:50, 22 December 2010 (UTC).

Editor assistance list
Hello. Since your account has been inactive for some time, it has been removed from Editor assistance/list. There is an explanation at Wikipedia talk:Editor assistance/list. You are, of course, welcome to re-add yourself to the list if you wish to. JamesBWatson (talk) 13:13, 3 February 2011 (UTC)

Mare nostrum
This article, the merger of which you were involved in, has been re-constituted here. There is curently a new merger discussion; your comments are invited. Xyl 54 (talk) 17:30, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

Proposal to shut down WP Geographic Coordinates & ban coordinates on wikipedia articles
This means you. --Tagishsimon (talk) 12:03, 17 January 2012 (UTC)

Invitation to events in June and July: bot, script, template, and Gadget makers wanted
I invite you to the yearly Berlin hackathon, 1-3 June. Registration is now open. If you need financial assistance or help with visa or hotel, then please register by May 1st and mention it in the registration form.

This is the premier event for the MediaWiki and Wikimedia technical community. We'll be hacking, designing, teaching, and socialising, primarily talking about ResourceLoader and Gadgets (extending functionality with JavaScript), the switch to Lua for templates, Wikidata, and Wikimedia Labs.

We want to bring 100-150 people together, including lots of people who have not attended such events before. User scripts, gadgets, API use, Toolserver, Wikimedia Labs, mobile, structured data, templates -- if you are into any of these things, we want you to come!

I also thought you might want to know about other upcoming events where you can learn more about MediaWiki customization and development, how to best use the web API for bots, and various upcoming features and changes. We'd love to have power users, bot maintainers and writers, and template makers at these events so we can all learn from each other and chat about what needs doing.

Check out the the developers' days preceding Wikimania in July in Washington, DC and our other events.

Best wishes! - Sumana Harihareswara, Wikimedia Foundation's Volunteer Development Coordinator. Please reply on my talk page, here or at mediawiki.org. Sumana Harihareswara, Wikimedia Foundation Volunteer Development Coordinator 01:14, 4 April 2012 (UTC)

The Olive Branch: A Dispute Resolution Newsletter (Issue #1)
Welcome to the first edition of The Olive Branch. This will be a place to semi-regularly update editors active in dispute resolution (DR) about some of the most important issues, advances, and challenges in the area. You were delivered this update because you are active in DR, but if you would prefer not to receive any future mailing, just add your name to this page. In this issue: Read the entire first edition of The Olive Branch -->
 * Background: A brief overview of the DR ecosystem.
 * Research: The most recent DR data
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 * Activity analysis: Where DR happened, broken down by the top DR forums
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 * Discussion update: Checking up on the Wikiquette Assistance close debate
 * Proposal: It's time to close the Geopolitical, ethnic, and religious conflicts noticeboard. Agree or disagree?

--The Olive Branch 19:10, 4 September 2012 (UTC)

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Third opinion
Would you be interested in offering a Third opinion on the Teleological argument article please. Myrvin (talk) 06:50, 1 September 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:JeremyMcCracken


text: Category:Stage actors by nationality

title: Category:Stage actors by nationality


text:
San Gottardo

San Gottardo may refer to:

 * Gotthard of Hildesheim (960–1038), German bishop venerated as a saint
 * San Gottardo, Milan, a church in Milan, Italy
 * San Gottardo Altarpiece, a 1518 oil-on-canvas painting by Giovanni Cariani
 * Saint-Gotthard Massif (Italian: Massiccio del San Gottardo), a mountain range in the Alps
 * Gotthard Pass (Italian: Passo del San Gottardo), a mountain pass in the massif
 * Tremola San Gottardo, a road in the Canton of Ticino, Switzerland

title: San Gottardo


text:
Lansing Lancers

The Lansing Lancers were a professional ice hockey team playing in the International Hockey League. They were based in Lansing, Michigan and played their games at Metro Ice Arena. They were a member of the league during the 1974–1975 season, after moving from Toledo, Ohio, where it played as the Toledo Blades from 1963 to 1970, and the Toledo Hornets from 1970 to 1974. The team suspended operations during the season on January 16, 1975. They had played only forty-one out of seventy-five games.

title: Lansing Lancers


text:
The Wandering Juvie

"The Wandering Juvie" is the sixteenth episode of the fifteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 28, 2004. It guest-starred Sarah Michelle Gellar as Gina Vendetti. It also guest-starred Charles Napier and Jane Kaczmarek. Bart gets sent to juvenile hall after registering for gifts at a department store and having a fraudulent wedding to obtain gifts. This episode sees the first appearance of Gina Vendetti, who later appears in "Moonshine River".

Plot
When the Simpson family is at the Costington's department store, Bart uses the wedding gift registry as a prank to register himself and his bride, "Lotta Cooties", for wedding presents. Bart invites many people to his so-called "wedding" and plans to take all the unused gifts back for store credit, but he is stopped by Chief Wiggum, who arrests Bart and rejects his bribe of the wedding presents. Bart is sentenced to six months of juvenile detention by Judge Constance Harm.

At the detention center, Bart is afraid he will be buried alive in the sandpit or photographed being punched while going down a slide. He soon notices that the girls' Juvie is on the other side of a chain-link fence. Bart attempts to schmooze with these girls, only to have them attack and immobilize him. One of the girls, Gina Vendetti, uses a knife to destroy Bart's uniform, threatening to castrate him next time he comes near their fence. Bart's problems continue when two weeks before his release he is partnered with Gina for the dance by the warden. When they are dancing, Gina escapes with Bart using a rope, finding themselves on a window ledge. Due to the fact that they are handcuffed together, Gina is forced to bring a reluctant Bart along before the window can be closed, though he only comes after she kisses him. Slowly, they gain each other's trust.

On the lam, the duo look for a blacksmith who can remove their cuffs. They are freed, but after it happens, Gina is alone and forlorn. She starts crying and admits to Bart that she has no family. When he sympathizes with her, she angrily tackles him until the police come and arrest them (and a bear that Cletus correctly predicted would attack Wiggum). Feeling terrible for causing Bart's sentence to be extended, Gina confesses that she was behind the escape, clearing Bart of further charges. In the end, the Simpsons and the warden step in to help Gina feel better for being without family, offering a Mexican food feast in her cell.

Cultural references
The warden has a sampler hanging on his office wall that reads His Judgment Cometh And That Right Soon. The warden in Shawshank Redemption has the same sampler.

title: The Wandering Juvie


text: Category:German state capitals

title: Category:German state capitals


text:
Matt Bachand

Matt Bachand (born May 2, 1977) is an American guitarist. He has strong death metal and thrash metal influences. He is rhythm guitarist and clean vocalist for the metalcore band Shadows Fall, and the bassist for Act of Defiance.

Biography
He is known for his deep growls or death growl, which is often heard in death metal genre. In Shadows Fall, he can also be heard using a clean vocal style, such as in the song "What Drives the Weak."

In his earlier days around the early through the mid-1990s, he was a guitarist for the death metal band Exhumed (not the deathgrind band Exhumed) and briefly was part of another death metal band, Perpetual Doom. Matt and Jon Donais formed Shadows Fall in late 1995 and released their first album Somber Eyes to the Sky in 1997, which was released through Matt Bachand's self-produced label Lifeless Records.

He also played guitar and sang in a band called Empty, who released an 11-song CD, Before the Sunrise, through Wilderness Records in 1996. The band's music is not heavy metal, and features Bachardt and Jeff Kukucka's harmonizing vocals together and playing acoustic guitars throughout. He will be the touring bassist on Times of Grace's upcoming European and North American tours. Bachand will be filling in for Daniel Struble who is unable take part in the tour due to personal matters.

Bachand recently signed on as bass player for Act of Defiance, which also features former Megadeth members Chris Broderick and Shawn Drover and vocalist Henry Derek Bonner.

In 2018, Bachand provided guest vocals for the song "Take It To The Cross" on Stryper's album God Damn Evil.

Equipment
He uses a custom Ibanez Prestige RGA series guitar (MBM1 Matt Bachand Signature model) and two custom Ibanez SZ guitars. One SZ has a red finish and the other has a natural finish with a five piece neck. All of his guitars feature active EMG pickups, an 81 in the bridge position and a 60 or 85 in the neck position. He also uses Engl amplifiers.

title: Matt Bachand


text:
Talk:Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze

Untitled
Should Tamaz really be used instead of Thomas as the primary form of his name? He always uses Thomas himself when writing in English. --Twid 17:04, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Tamaz is a real name and primary form. -- Levzur 11 Apr 2005

 * I don't dispute that. My point is that he publishes in English using the name Thomas V. Gamkrelidze, so it would be logical to use that name as the primary form here.  BTW, if you insist on Tamaz, why then not change his surname to Gamqrelidze? --Twid 20:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Please, see official home page of Prof. Tamaz Gamkrelidze: http://www.acnet.ge/pl/gamkrelidze.htm -- Levzur 13 Apr 2005

 * Interesting. However, somebody else might have written the webpage, while he has probably decided the name to use in articles and books. --Twid 18:56, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * [[Image:Gamkrelidzebusinesscard.jpg|thumb|right]] I've now found a copy of his English-language business card (as it looked in the mid-90s) and uploaded a photo of it. --Twid 21:36, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

To be correct with the Georgian it should be also Gamqrelidze and not Gamkrelidze. Geagea (talk) 00:31, 30 November 2009 (UTC)

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Death citation
The article claims that Gamkrelidze died on the 10th of February 2021 and has been rewritten in the past tense to reflect that, however, there are zero citations for this claim and without that I don't know how were supposed to trust that he actually died, especially on a specific date. I can't find any English language proof of his death online. Can anyone provide a citation to back up this change? Without proof that he actually died I don't think that the article should mention it or be rewritten. 2WR1 (talk) 04:13, 8 July 2021 (UTC)
 * You seem to be the one who made these changes, could you please provide a citation to back them up. Thanks 2WR1 (talk) 04:14, 8 July 2021 (UTC)

Requested move 26 April 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Not moved. The two arguments presented were rebutted without response. The suggested alternative Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze → Thomas V. Gamkrelidze can be proposed as a separate move request. (If so, please include a link to this request.) Second relists are disfavored (WP:RMRELIST), much less third ones. If there are additional reasons for this proposed move, it can be requested again. (non-admin closure) SilverLocust (talk) 06:27, 18 May 2023 (UTC)

Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze → Tamaz Gamkrelidze – It's more common and also WP:CONCISE. Aintabli (talk) 18:17, 26 April 2023 (UTC) — Relisting. SkyWarrior  19:06, 3 May 2023 (UTC)  — Relisting. Jerium (talk) 20:50, 10 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I support a move but not as proposed. I instead propose a move to Thomas V. Gamkrelidze, which is far more common than both the current name and the proposed name. As far as WP:CONCISE is concerned, I contest that with WP:MIDDLENAME, which certainly applies here. SkyWarrior  19:17, 3 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Note: WikiProject Biography has been notified of this discussion. SkyWarrior  19:17, 3 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Note: WikiProject Linguistics has been notified of this discussion. SkyWarrior  19:18, 3 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Note: WikiProject Georgia (country) has been notified of this discussion. SkyWarrior  19:18, 3 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Note: WikiProject Ancient Near East has been notified of this discussion. SkyWarrior  19:18, 3 May 2023 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

title: Talk:Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze


text:
Talk:Goliad, Texas

External links modified
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Goliad Hanging Tree
Greetings editors and contributors.

I only visited Goliad once in 2009. While there I saw the Goliad Hanging Tree. I was surprised when I came here after reading Rich Frishman's "Ghosts of Segregation" photo essay to find the tree is not mentioned at all.

The tree is in courthouse square in the middle of town. Nearest street address is 184 N. Courthouse Square, Goliad, TX 77963. It has an official State of Texas historic marker, seen in these Flickr creative commons images.

Can I suggest the following changes. 1. Move the Texas mile text from attractions to history after the 1902 Tornado section. 2. Add the hanging tree with suitable/acceptable reference to the attractions section and a brief description. 3. Source a picture of the tree and add it to the gallery.

I am not an experienced contributor, but would be willing to help make the changes.--Cathcam (talk) 20:32, 19 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Goliad, Texas


text:
Jason Bittner

Jason Bittner (born January 11, 1970) is an American musician, best known as the drummer for metal band Shadows Fall. He is also the current drummer for Overkill since 2017 and Category 7 as of 2024. He was also the drummer for the thrash metal bands Toxik from 2013 to 2014 and Flotsam and Jetsam from 2014 to 2017.

Career
Bittner started taking formal drum lessons at the age of ten years. However he has stated that he "had been banging on pots, pans, and garbage cans since he was about five." A native of Schenectady, New York, he continued to take lessons and perform in his middle school and Linton high school jazz and orchestra ensembles before attending Berklee College of Music in 1988. After a year of intensive study, he left Berklee to pursue his musical career outside the educational environment. This led to playing in various metal and hard rock bands throughout the late eighties and early nineties.

In 1994, he joined the band Stigmata, a prominent hardcore band in the Upstate New York Hardcore scene alongside legendary vocalist, Bob Riley. Over the course of the next 7 years, they recorded 3 albums, released a home video, and toured the U.S. and Europe with this outfit. Bittner also played in death metal band Burning Human with New York phenom Mike Stack. They recorded 7 songs that would appear on the album "We The People: A tribute to upstate NY's hardest." Most of these songs would be rerecorded for their first album which would not come out for another decade after Bittner joined Shadows Fall. Burning Human would eventually disband in the late 1990s. Stigmata disbanded in 2001; the following fall, Bittner joined Shadows Fall. Initially, he had signed on just to do one tour of Europe with the band, but subsequently decided to remain as a permanent member.

In September 2002, the band released "The Art of Balance" and went on to tour throughout the United States, Japan, and Europe. Over the course of 2005, following the release of Shadows Fall's follow up effort The War Within, Bittner started establishing himself as a clinician, performing at the Modern Drummer Festival, the DRUMMER live festival in the UK, followed by a clinic tour of Germany, and also PASIC in November 2005.

In January 2006, he filled in for two shows for Anthrax drummer Charlie Benante, who could not tour due to family obligations. He also made a surprise guest appearance at a show in Clifton Park, New York in November 2011. He also filled in for Benante for a few shows throughout early 2012, after Gene Hoglan had helped Anthrax out, after the passing of Benante's mother. He returned once again in late June 2012 filling in for Charlie after he hurt his wrist, continuing to perform with Anthrax through October 2012. Hudson Music released a joint DVD with Bittner and Chris Adler of the American metal band Lamb of God, Pro-Mark introduced the Jason Bittner Signature model 5BX drumstick, and Meinl introduced the Bell Blast ride, designed in conjunction with Jason. He was the cover feature of the UK drum publications, DRUMMER and Rhythm, the cover feature of DRUM!, and participated on Magna Carta's Drum Nation 3 record. Shadows Fall released "Fallout From the War" on Century Media Records in 2006 and spent the remainder of the year writing and recording Threads of Life at Studio 606 in L.A. with Producer Nick Raskulinecz (Foo Fighters, Rush). Bittner also won the Modern Drummer Reader's poll for #1 Metal drummer for the second year in a row.

In the early winter months of 2007, Bittner spent much of his time writing and recording old and material for his original band, "Burning Human." Late March brought the beginning of the Shadows Fall tour cycle supporting Threads of Life, which was released in April 2007. Also during this time period, Bittner started writing a monthly drum column for RHYTHM magazine in the UK, was a faculty member (along with Steve Smith, Dave Weckl, and Horacio Hernandez) at the 2007 Drum Fantasy Camp held at Seton Hall University, and won #1 Metal Drummer and #1 Rising Drumming Star awards in the 2007 DRUM! Reader's Poll. His book, "Drumming Out of The Shadows," co-authored by Joe Bergamini, received the #2 award in the DRUM! Reader's Poll for Best Educational Book, and he was also featured in the book "On the Beaten Path" by Rich Lackowski, the #1 Educational Book of 2008 in the Modern Drummer and DRUM! Magazine reader's polls. Bittner and Hudson Music launched his first ever instructional DVD entitled "What Drives the Beat" in October 2008, with a clinic tour following its release.

Bittner played an acoustic set with George Lynch (Lynch Mob) and Stu Hamm (Joe Satriani) in the first ever acoustic performance of Lynch's Mr. Scary. The private event was hosted by US Music at the Hilton Hotel for NAMM 2010. In 2011, he signed on as a Zildjian cymbal artist and commenced on a worldwide 30-city drum clinic tour that covered the globe from the US to Australia to Europe, the UK and as far as Russia. 2012 brought the release of Shadows Fall's new cd "Fire From the Sky" and the band did one tour before Bittner was once again called to fill in for Charlie Benante in Anthrax for a 4-month period over the summer and fall. The band completed the 2012 Rockstar Mayhem Festival and its subsequent Canadian tour, and Bittner then returned to Shadows Fall, full-time. At that time, the band was on the road supporting "Fire From the Sky" and did so into most of 2013. Shadows Fall announced a hiatus prior to the end of 2013.

In the fall of 2013, Bittner also joined thrash metal band Toxik as their new drummer, but left the band due to if not being as productive as he was looking for as far as touring potential.

On December 19, 2014, it was announced that Bittner had joined thrash metal band Flotsam and Jetsam as their new drummer. He would stay with the band for one album release, the self-titled Flotsam and Jetsam and its tour cycle, but departed in April 2017. On May 4, 2017, Bittner officially joined Overkill, replacing Ron Lipnicki as the band's drummer.

Equipment
Bittner is currently endorsed by Pearl Drums and hardware, Zildjian Cymbals, Remo, DW Pedals, Pro-Mark sticks, Gator Cases, LP percussion, and Cympad

 * Drums – Pearl Drums Masters Premium Legend, Fire Red (Shadows Fall) Green to Black fade (Overkill) (376)
 * 8"×7" rack tom
 * 10"×8" rack tom
 * 12"×9" rack tom
 * 14"×14" floor tom
 * 16"×16" floor tom
 * 22"×18" Bass Drum (×2)
 * 14"×6.5" Reference brass snare drum or a 14"×5" Reference snare drum

Discography

 * Stigmata – Hymns for an Unknown God (1995)
 * We the People: A Tribute to New York's Hardest (1995)
 * Crisis – The Hollowing (1997)
 * Stigmata – Pain Has No Boundaries (1998)
 * Everdark – Twilight Burns (1998)
 * Stigmata – Troy Blood Unbeaten (1999)
 * Stigmata – Do Unto Others (2000)
 * Shadows Fall – The Art of Balance (2002)
 * Shadows Fall – The War Within (2004)
 * Shadows Fall – Fallout from the War (2006)
 * Jason Bittner – Instr. (Drum Nation, Volume 3) (2006)
 * Shadows Fall – Threads of Life (2007)
 * Shadows Fall – Retribution (2009)
 * Burning Human – Resurrection Through Fire (2009)
 * Shadows Fall – Madness in Manila (Live) (2010)
 * Stigmata – The Wounds That Never Heal (2009)
 * Marty Friedman – Tokyo Jukebox 2 (2011)
 * Shadows Fall – Fire from the Sky (2012)
 * Hellspeak – The Slaughter Rule of Agony EP (2013)
 * Stigmata – Conditioned to Murder (2015)
 * Half Past My Sin – 4:44 May 2014 (remixed, released July 2016)
 * Coconut Donut – Musically Delicious (2016)
 * Flotsam and Jetsam – Flotsam and Jetsam (2016)
 * Overkill – The Wings of War (2019)
 * Overkill – Scorched (2023)

title: Jason Bittner


text:
Urinary tract obstruction

Urinary tract obstruction is a urologic disease consisting of a decrease in the free passage of urine through one or both ureters and/or the urethra. It is a cause of urinary retention. Complete obstruction of the urinary tract requires prompt treatment for renal preservation. Any sign of infection, such as fever and chills, in the context of obstruction to urine flow constitutes a urologic emergency.

Causes
Causes of urinary tract obstruction include:
 * Bladder stone and renal stone
 * Benign prostatic hyperplasia
 * Obstruction as a congenital disorder.
 * Foreign object such as a bullet or pellet.

Congenital urinary tract obstruction
Urinary tract obstruction as a congenital disorder results in oligohydramnios which in turn can lead to the Potter sequence of atypical physical appearance. Pulmonary hypoplasia is by far the main cause of death in the early neonatal period for children with congenital lower urinary tract obstruction.

Fetal surgery of congenital lower urinary tract obstruction seems to improve survival, according to a randomized yet small study.

Urinary tract obstruction due to foreign object

While uncommon, there are case reports in the human and veterinary literature of a bullet or other ballistic projectile migrating to the urethra and causing a urinary tract obstruction. This has been reported in people, small animals, and a goat.

Sitting voiding position
A meta-analysis on the influence of voiding position on urodynamics in healthy males and males with LUTS showed that in the sitting position, the residual urine in the bladder was significantly reduced. The other parameters, namely the maximum urinary flow and the voiding time were increased and decreased respectively. For healthy males, no influence was found on these parameters, meaning that they can urinate in either position.

Treatment
Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the obstruction and the severity of the symptoms.

title: Urinary tract obstruction


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Unsuspecting People

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy delete. —Korath (Talk) 03:35, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)

Unsuspecting People
It's unencyclopædic, and doesn't even warrant a Wiktionary entry. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:06, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete (just to make it clear). Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:06, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * One of three articles posted in a short period about what appears to be a non-notable, not-yet-produced amateur film. delete DDerby 17:12, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Wrong capitalization, no useful info. Delete. Mgm|(talk) 21:17, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 04:28, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Arlism

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 13:11, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Arlism
It's probably a vanity article, about high-school-pupils' nonsense. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:08, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:08, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Vanity and nonsense. Commander 17:10, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity --Anonymous Cow 17:49, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete arling vanity. Dsmdgold 02:21, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nonsense, vanity neologism. Megan1967 04:27, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Arlism


text:
Connecticut College Arboretum

The Connecticut College Arboretum is a 300 ha (750 acres) arboretum and botanical gardens, founded in 1931, and located on the campus of Connecticut College and in the towns of New London and Waterford, Connecticut, United States.

Collections
Arboretum collections are: the Native Plant Collection, the Caroline Black Garden, the Connecticut College Campus, and the Greenhouse. The underlying bedrock of granite, schist and gneiss was scoured by glaciers about 26,000 years ago. The resulting glacial till has produced a brown soil of stony fine sandy loam texture. The dominant soil association on well-drained hills is Charlton-Chatfield complex. Hollis series occurs where the soil is less than 50 cm thick. A localized silt deposit in the southern area is mapped as Narragansett series. Poorly drained soils include Ridgebury, Leicester and peaty Timakwa series.

The Native Plant Collection of 8 ha (20 acres) was established in 1931, and displays trees and shrubs native to eastern North America and hardy in New London. It contains 288 taxa, including trees, shrubs, and woody vines indigenous to the forested region of Eastern North America, such as shadbush, dogwood, azaleas, mountain laurel, giant rhododendron, sourwood, sweet pepperbush, and evergreens and conifers. Of particular interest are:

 * The Lincoln and Lillian Dauby Gries Conifer Collection (est. 1988), featuring 1.2 ha (3 acres) of conifers: firs, spruces, hemlocks, junipers, pines, etc., and a variety of native shrubs.
 * The Nancy Moss Fine Native Azalea Garden (est. 1978), featuring 15 species and natural hybrid Azaleas (Rhododendron spp.).
 * The Josephine Hooker Shain Mountain Laurel Garden (est. 1985), featuring cultivars of mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia), many of which are the work of Dr. Richard Jaynes.
 * The Edgerton and Stengel Wildflower Gardens (est. 1956), featuring 0.8 ha (2 acres) of ferns and wildflowers such as trillium (Trillium spp.), cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis), and Turtlehead (Chelone spp.).

The Caroline Black Garden contains a mature collection of ornamental trees, shrubs, and grasses from across the world, including 187 different woody taxa such as azaleas, Crimson Queen Japanese maple, sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum), Japanese stewartia, fragrant viburnum, weeping cherry, and many other specimens.

The Connecticut College Campus currently has 223 taxa of trees and numerous shrubs, including the Franklin tree, Japanese Pagoda Tree, seven-son flower, and Chinese witch-hazel.

The 280 m2 (3,000 square foot) Greenhouse includes a tropical house, a cactus collection, and an experimentation area.

The College Arboretum is also host to the biannual Arbo-Fest. Local and student bands can be found performing next to the lilly pond for the college students. Arbo-Fest is held once in the fall and once in the spring.

Directors

 * George S. Avery (1931–1944)
 * Richard H. Goodwin (1944–1965, 1968–1969)
 * William Niering (1965–1968, 1969–1988)
 * Glenn Dreyer (1988 – June 2018)
 * Maggie Redfern (Interim Director, June 2018 to present)

title: Connecticut College Arboretum


text:
John Leggott College

John Leggott College is a sixth form college on West Common Lane, in Old Brumby, Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire, England.

Technical school
The earliest predecessor to the college was known as Scunthorpe Technical High School on Cole Street, run by Lindsey County Council Education Committee, based in Lincoln, although its Scunthorpe Divisional Executive was based on Wells Street; this followed on from the Central School in Scunthorpe. There were 500 boys and girls, and the headmaster was John R. Leggott BSc. It had a sixth form. The school focused on technical skills which were of help to Scunthorpe's steel industry, the main employer at the time and for many years afterwards.

Grammar school
The college was founded in 1958 as John Leggott Grammar School with 600 pupils aged 11–18. Plans from the new site of the grammar school were ready by August 1960, to start building in April 1961, and to open by 1963. The building was to cost £250,000, with an octagonal hall and a swimming pool, but would be largely a copy of the Bottesford Grammar School (renamed the Frederick Gough Grammar School in 1960). Plans for comprehensive education in Scunthorpe were being discussed, and the original plan was for comprehensive education by 1965, with the three grammar schools being 11–19 schools, and the secondary modern schools being for ages 11–16. By December 1962, the cost would be £300,000.

The new grammar school opened on Tuesday 10 September 1963. The next phase would open in June 1964, for a roll of 720, with six science laboratories, woodwork and metalwork rooms, and a housecraft room. The coat of arms featured Brumby Hall. The staircase and balustrading was made by Metalcraft of Stamford. The first headteacher was Eric Charlesworth. The grammar school catchment area was from the north-east of the borough, towards Winterton and beyond.

Sixth Form College
The Sixth Form College was established in September 1968 due to a reorganisation of education in Scunthorpe. It is commonly known as JLC and now has more than 1600 students. In 1971 there were 500 sixth formers, and by 1973 it was run by the Borough of Scunthorpe Education Committee, in April 1974 run by the Scunthorpe Division of Humberside Education Committee, and in April 1996 by North Lincolnshire. On 30 November 2010 a number of students from the college participated in the nationwide 2010 UK student protests against the rise in University Tuition Fees. In 2010 John Leggott principal Nic Dakin retired from his role to represent the Scunthorpe constituency for the Labour Party. David Vasse succeeded him as principal in 2010, to be replaced in 2016 by new principal Leon Riley.

Notable alumni

 * Martin Simpson, guitarist (1969–70)
 * James McDonald, polymath (1970–72)
 * Phil Neale, cricketer (1970–72)
 * Gordon Dougan Head of Pathogen Research at the Wellcome Sanger Institute in Cambridgeshire
 * Kevin Doyle, actor (1977–79)
 * Nina Nannar, ITN correspondent (1980–82)
 * Darren Bett, BBC weather forecaster (1984–86)
 * Sheridan Smith OBE, actress (1997)
 * Ryan J. Brown, Screenwriter (2008–2010)
 * Stephen Fretwell, songwriter (1998–2000)
 * Matt Sparrow, footballer until 2010 for Scunthorpe United (1998–2000)
 * Lt Lee Vessey, the Royal Navy's youngest ever captain (27), taking command of HMS Puncher (1998–2000)
 * Jen Pringle, presenter since 2006 of Milkshake! (2000–02)
 * Gina Bramhill, actress

John Leggott Grammar School

 * Sir Ralph Waller, Principal from 1988 to 2018 of Harris Manchester College, Oxford, and knighted in the 2018 Birthday Honours (in the sixth form only from c.1962–64)
 * Roger Davies, Philip Wetton Professor of Astrophysics since 2002 at the University of Oxford, and Professor from 1994 to 2002 of Astronomy at Durham University (1965–72)
 * Mark Millar, former Chief Executive from 2010 of Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, and from 2007 to 2010 of Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust (1965–72)

Scunthorpe Technical High School

 * Wallace L. W. Sargent (from Winterton), astrophysicist, and Director from 1997 to 2000 of the Palomar Observatory, married to Anneila Sargent (1946–53)

Former teachers

 * Christina Baxter (1969–73, Head of Religious Education from 1973 to 1976)
 * Richard Vergette, playwright

News items

 * College principal chosen as Labour candidate for Scunthorpe in November 2009

title: John Leggott College


text:
Samarium–cobalt magnet

A samarium–cobalt (SmCo) magnet, a type of rare-earth magnet, is a strong permanent magnet made of two basic elements: samarium and cobalt.

They were developed in the early 1960s based on work done by Karl Strnat at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Alden Ray at the University of Dayton. In particular, Strnat and Ray developed the first formulation of SmCo5.

Samarium–cobalt magnets are generally ranked similarly in strength to neodymium magnets, but have higher temperature ratings and higher coercivity.

Attributes
Some attributes of samarium-cobalts are:

 * Samarium-cobalt magnets are extremely resistant to demagnetization.

 * These magnets have good temperature stability [(maximum use temperatures between 250 C and 550 C]; Curie temperatures from 700 C to 800 C.

 * They are expensive and subject to price fluctuations (cobalt is market price sensitive).

 * Samarium–cobalt magnets have a strong resistance to corrosion and oxidation resistance, usually do not need to be coated and can be widely used in high temperature and poor working conditions.

 * They are brittle, and prone to cracking and chipping. Samarium–cobalt magnets have maximum energy products (BHmax) that range from 14 megagauss-oersteds (MG·Oe) to 33 MG·Oe, that is approx. 112 kJ/m3 to 264 kJ/m3; their theoretical limit is 34 MG·Oe, about 272 kJ/m3.

Sintered samarium–cobalt magnets exhibit magnetic anisotropy, meaning they can only be magnetized in the axis of their magnetic orientation. This is done by aligning the crystal structure of the material during the manufacturing process.

Series
Samarium–cobalt magnets are available in two "series", namely SmCo5 magnets and Sm2Co17 magnets.

Series 1:5
These samarium–cobalt magnet alloys (generally written as SmCo5, or SmCo Series 1:5) have one atom of rare-earth samarium per five atoms of cobalt. By weight, this magnet alloy will typically contain 36% samarium with the balance cobalt. The energy products of these samarium–cobalt alloys range from 16 MG·Oe to 25 MG·Oe, that is, approx. 128–200 kJ/m3. These samarium–cobalt magnets generally have a reversible temperature coefficient of -0.05%/°C. Saturation magnetization can be achieved with a moderate magnetizing field. This series of magnet is easier to calibrate to a specific magnetic field than the SmCo 2:17 series magnets.

In the presence of a moderately strong magnetic field, unmagnetized magnets of this series will try to align their orientation axis to the magnetic field, thus becoming slightly magnetized. This can be an issue if postprocessing requires that the magnet be plated or coated. The slight field that the magnet picks up can attract debris during the plating or coating process, causing coating failure or a mechanically out-of-tolerance condition.

Br drifts with temperature and it is one of the important characteristics of magnet performance. Some applications, such as inertial gyroscopes and travelling wave tubes (TWTs), need to have constant field over a wide temperature range. The reversible temperature coefficient (RTC) of Br is defined as

 * (∆Br/Br) x (1/∆T) × 100%.

To address these requirements, temperature compensated magnets were developed in the late 1970s. For conventional SmCo magnets, Br decreases as temperature increases. Conversely, for GdCo magnets, Br increases as temperature increases within certain temperature ranges. By combining samarium and gadolinium in the alloy, the temperature coefficient can be reduced to nearly zero.

SmCo5 magnets have a very high coercivity (coercive force); that is, they are not easily demagnetized. They are fabricated by packing wide-grain lone-domain magnetic powders. All of the magnetic domains are aligned with the easy axis direction. In this case, all of the domain walls are at 180 degrees. When there are no impurities, the reversal process of the bulk magnet is equivalent to lone-domain motes, where coherent rotation is the dominant mechanism. However, due to the imperfection of fabricating, impurities may be introduced in the magnets, which form nuclei. In this case, because the impurities may have lower anisotropy or misaligned easy axes, their directions of magnetization are easier to spin, which breaks the 180° domain wall configuration. In such materials, the coercivity is controlled by nucleation. To obtain much coercivity, impurity control is critical in the fabrication process.

Series 2:17
These alloys (written as Sm2Co17, or SmCo Series 2:17) are age-hardened with a composition of two atoms of rare-earth samarium per 13–17 atoms of transition metals (TM). The TM content is rich in cobalt, but contains other elements such as iron and copper. Other elements like zirconium, hafnium, and such may be added in small quantities to achieve better heat treatment response. By weight, the alloy will generally contain 25% of samarium. The maximum energy products of these alloys range from 20 to 32 MGOe, what is about 160-260 kJ/m3. These alloys have the best reversible temperature coefficient of all rare-earth alloys, typically being -0.03%/°C. The "second generation" materials can also be used at higher temperatures.

In Sm2Co17 magnets, the coercivity mechanism is based on domain wall pinning. Impurities inside the magnets impede the domain wall motion and thereby resist the magnetization reversal process. To increase the coercivity, impurities are intentionally added during the fabrication process.

Production
Samarium–cobalt alloys are typically machined in the unmagnetized state. Samarium–cobalt should be ground using a wet grinding process (water-based coolants) and a diamond grinding wheel. The same type of process is required if drilling holes or other features that are confined. The grinding waste produced must not be allowed to completely dry as samarium–cobalt has a low ignition point. A small spark, such as that produced with static electricity, can easily initiate combustion. The resulting fire produced can be extremely hot and difficult to control.

The reduction/melt method and reduction/diffusion method are used to manufacture samarium–cobalt magnets. The reduction/melt method will be described since it is used for both SmCo5 and Sm2Co17 production. The raw materials are melted in an induction furnace filled with argon gas. The mixture is cast into a mold and cooled with water to form an ingot. The ingot is pulverized and the particles are further milled to further reduce the particle size. The resulting powder is pressed in a die of desired shape, in a magnetic field to orient the magnetic field of the particles. Sintering is applied at a temperature of 1100˚C–1250˚C, followed by solution treatment at 1100˚C–1200˚C and tempering is finally performed on the magnet at about 700˚C–900˚C. It then is ground and further magnetized to increase its magnetic properties. The finished product is tested, inspected and packed.

Samarium can be substituted by a portion of other rare-earth elements including praseodymium, cerium, and gadolinium; the cobalt can be substituted by a portion of other transition metals including iron, copper, and zirconium.

Uses

Fender used one of designer Bill Lawrence's Samarium Cobalt Noiseless series of electric guitar pickups in Fender's Vintage Hot Rod '57 Stratocaster. These pickups were used in American Deluxe Series Guitars and Basses from 2004 until early 2010.

In the mid-1980s some expensive headphones such as the Ross RE-278 used samarium–cobalt "Super Magnet" transducers.

Other uses include:

 * High-end electric motors used in the more competitive classes in slotcar racing
 * Turbomachinery
 * Traveling-wave tube field magnets
 * Applications that will require the system to function at cryogenic temperatures or very hot temperatures (over 180 °C)
 * Applications in which performance is required to be consistent with temperature change
 * Benchtop NMR spectrometers
 * Rotary encoders where it performs the function of magnetic actuator

title: Samarium–cobalt magnet


text:
Talk:New Zealand Pelican

Untitled
I have created a stub to replace this copyvio page. New Zealand Pelican/Temp. Sabine's Sunbird 17:12, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Done--Duk 21:11, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Merge proposal
Support; sources should be available online (peer-reviewed papers in NZ J Zoology/Proceedings Roy Soc NZ and/or Notornis). Dysmorodrepanis 19:22, 31 March 2007 (UTC)

I just suggested the merge because the australian pelican article says quote unquote "The bones were later described as a new (sub)species, Pelecanus (conspicillatus) novaezealandiae (Scarlett, 1966: "New Zealand Pelican") as they appeared to be larger, but Worthy (1998), reviewing new material, determined that they were not separable from the Australian population." I didn't really look for any articles about it.-Cynops 00:12, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

Support. As it seems that the New Zealand Pelican was only a New Zealand population of the Australian pelican. --Melly42 14:09, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

Support. For the same reason that Melly mentioned. Peter Maas\talk 07:41, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

Support. Ditto, as long as it remains a seperate section. Rufous-crowned Sparrow 14:41, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:New Zealand Pelican


text:
KUHT

KUHT (channel 8) is a PBS member television station in Houston, Texas, United States. Owned by the University of Houston System, it is sister to NPR member station KUHF (88.7 FM). The two stations share studios and offices in the Melcher Center for Public Broadcasting on the campus of the University of Houston. KUHT's transmitter is located near Missouri City, in unincorporated northeastern Fort Bend County. In addition, the station leased some of its studio operations to Tegna-owned CBS affiliate KHOU (channel 11) from August 2017 to February 2019 when the latter's original studios were inundated by Hurricane Harvey.

KUHT also serves as the default PBS member station to the neighboring Beaumont–Port Arthur and Victoria markets (the latter along with KLRN in San Antonio) as they do not have their own PBS station. It is available on cable and satellite providers in both markets, although Lake Charles member station and Louisiana Public Broadcasting outlet KLTL-TV is carried by some cable providers in the extreme eastern areas of the Beaumont–Port Arthur market.

KUHT is notable as the first public television station in the United States.

Early history
The station was established by Dr. John C. Schwarzwalder, a professor in the Radio-Television Department at the University of Houston (UH), and Dr. John W. Meaney, an English professor at UH, and was first signed on the air on May 25, 1953, as the first station to broadcast under an educational non-profit license in the United States, and one of the earliest member stations of National Educational Television, which was succeeded by PBS. KUHT, co-located with FM station KUHF, originally operated from the Ezekiel W. Cullen Building on the UH campus. Its dedication ceremonies were broadcast on June 8 of that year. The station's initial cost was an investment of $350,000, and had an annual operating budget of about $110,000. Originally licensed to both UH and the Houston Independent School District, UH became its sole licensee in 1959.

The station also offered the university's first televised college credit classes. Running 13 to 15 hours weekly, these telecasts accounted for 38 percent of the program schedule. Most courses aired at night so that students who worked during the day could watch them. By the mid-1960s, with about one-third of the station's programming devoted to educational programming, more than 100,000 semester hours had been taught on KUHT.

In 1964, KUHT and KUHF moved into new studio facilities in the defunct Texas Television Center located on Cullen Boulevard, which were previously occupied by DuMont Television Network affiliate KNUZ-TV. When KNUZ-TV went dark, ABC affiliate (now owned-and-operated station) KTRK-TV (channel 13) used the facility from KTRK's inception in 1954, until it moved to its current studios on Bissonnet Street in 1961. This studio would host both stations for the next 35 years, until the move across campus to the current Melcher Center for Public Broadcasting in 2000. KUHT purchased a new transmitter that not only enabled the station to broadcast beyond Harris County into its surrounding areas, but also to begin broadcasting in color. Five years later, in 1969, the Association for Community Television was formed to fund KUHT.

PBS era
In 1970, the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), the successor network to National Educational Television, began service, combining televised educational lectures with popular programs such as Sesame Street, NOVA and Masterpiece Theatre that remain PBS staples to this day. The station is also noted in Houston for many technical firsts at the local level. In 1981, KUHT became Houston's first television station to provide closed captioning, and 10 years later, in 1991, it became the first station in Houston to offer Descriptive Video Service audio, and other services for the visually impaired as well as bilingual viewers via a secondary audio program feed.

In 1982, with assistance from KTRK and then-independent station KRIV (channel 26, now a Fox owned-and-operated station), KUHT began operating a new transmitter located near Missouri City – making it one of several television and radio stations that now broadcast from that location. KUHT was known on-air as "Houston Public Television" for many years before adopting the "HoustonPBS" moniker in the early 21st century. From 1993 into the early 2000s, KUHT's logo also did not include the number 8, but used a logo similar to the ones used by Detroit's WTVS and Seattle's KCTS-TV. These stations are members of Lark International, a public television production company, which owns the sunburst-on-square logo; however, they are not related to each other. KUHT's logo during this era was based on the sunburst portion of that logo.

On August 21, 2000, KUHT moved to its current studios in the LeRoy and Lucile Melcher Center for Public Broadcasting on the UH campus, where KUHT shares broadcast facilities with public radio station KUHF—both owned by and licensed to the UH System—where the complex is located. The previous facility is now in use by the university's Texas Learning and Computation Center.

On March 3, 2014, KUHT, along with KUHF and 91.7 KUHA (owned by the university at the time, now Hope Media Group-owned KHVU), were all rebranded into Houston Public Media. The station dropped the "HoustonPBS" name to assume the new name.

In late-August 2017, Tegna-owned CBS affiliate KHOU (channel 11) temporarily moved its news and broadcasting operations to Melcher Center. KHOU's Neartown facility had suffered catastrophic flooding during Hurricane Harvey. On November 16, 2017, KHOU announced it would not return to its former studios; the building would be subsequently demolished in May 2018. The station remained at the Melcher Center until their new facility at 5718 Westheimer Road near Uptown Houston was completed in February 2019.

Film library
KUHT has an archive of almost 600 film reels—some more than 50 years old, along with 5,000 videocassettes—some dating back more than 30 years. However, the archive material is in various states of deterioration, with some films and cassettes already suffering from vinegar syndrome. In September 2010, the Texas State Library and Archives Commission granted the University of Houston $25,000 for film preservation; however, the funding is only enough to transfer 25 films to digital format, with films related to Texas taking top priority.

Original productions
KUHT has produced the following original national productions for PBS:
 * Cucina Sicilia (2003–2004) – West 175 Productions
 * InnerVIEWS with Ernie Manouse
 * Mary Lou's Flip Flop Shop
 * Space Station (1999)
 * The Story of Jesse H. Jones (2000)
 * Weeknight Edition

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

{{legend|#DFEBF6|Broadcast on behalf of another station}}

Analog-to-digital conversion
KUHT's digital signal originally began broadcasting on VHF channel 9 on May 12, 2001. The station discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over VHF channel 8, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition VHF channel 9 to channel 8 for post-transition operations.

In 2009, KUHT filed with the FCC for construction permits to build low-powered digital transmitters in Beaumont (K24KQ, channel 24) and Victoria (K29JI-D, channel 29), in order to provide over-the-air PBS service to both cities. Those two construction permits have expired and KUHT has no plans to attempt the build-outs at this time (2015).

title: KUHT


text: Category:Chinese explorers

title: Category:Chinese explorers


text:
User talk:Redux/Archive01

'''PLEASE DO NOT EDIT. THIS IS AN ARCHIVE. PAGE'''

Pardon if my tone on the revert of 'Replicators' was a bit harsh. Wikipedia has a standard for dealing with disambiguation which I was following - it's detailed at Disambiguation. I gave the 'Star Trek' article for 'Replicators' the primary position. In these cases, the secondary article generally is allowed a brief line at the top of the article to define an alternative link. It is also customary to describe very briefly the primary article as part of this line, even if it is obvious from the first paragraph.

If the secondary article is placed at the bottom, it will often not be seen.

There is an alternative resolution: we can create a disambiguation page that treats both articles as equal, offering a 'Star Trek' branch and a 'Stargate-SG1' branch. I see no need for this if the standard disambiguation format is followed.

Welcome to Wikipedia!

Brian Rock 23:32, 2004 Mar 8 (UTC)

Lyrics
I think that posting complete sets of lyrics to songs written within the last few decades, as you've done with Rock The Roll, I Know You Will, Where You Gonna Run To, etc. is almost certainly a copyright violation. Why you think these can be released under the GFDL? You certainly didn't write it yourself, and I don't believe they could have been copied from a public domain resource. Have you read the notice about this under every edit box? Have you discussed this with knowledgeable people on Wikipedia? Dpbsmith 01:59, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for taking care of this! Dpbsmith 13:59, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Tables
Hello, thanks for the note on my talk. I'm afraid I'm not familiar enough with tables to know what's happening there. You might want to take a look at m:MediaWiki User's Guide: Using tables or ask at Help desk if that doesn't answer your question. Sorry I wasn't able to help further. – Jrdioko (Talk)  15:05, 11 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Empty Friends plots
I think I put stub notes on those pages, are these not sufficient? The incomplete pages are definately works in progress. Would it be safer just to disable the links until I am ready to totally complete the article?

 * Very odd, I swear I did the tilde thing before. Anyway, I removed the links and I'm going to fill in those plots as fast as I can (I'm a bit of a perfectionist so halfdone pages bug me more than empty pages. I know, weird). So if those orphan pages get found somehow (by bloodhounds) and get deleted, no big deal for me to create more complete ones.
 * On another side note, thank you for your help so far. I've been very impressed by the level of consideration and professionalism that I've seen from this project so far. Mimsie 00:57, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Tabula Rasa (Buffy episode)
It really needs to be "(Buffy episode)". The reason is because of episodes named Angel and The Initiative, which would be hopelessly ambiguous if qualified with "(Buffy the Vampire Slayer)". To avoid this, the episode names need to have their own separate namespace. -- Curps 13:00, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I contacted Wolf Deunan about it before doing it. I went over all the articles to make sure I fixed up all the links. Hopefully I didn't miss any.

Angel has the same problem: there's an episode named Darla. -- Curps 13:14, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Warp
I noticed you uploaded Image:Warp.jpg, is this image protected by any copyright? --H. C HENEY 03:51, 10 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I believe that image is copyrighted, and is probably not covered by fair use. Please read Image use policy for more information

Table edits on Michael Phelps
Hi,

I wanted to let you know that I reverted your color changes and centering to the table for a few reasons:
 * there is no "bronze" color available (at least not on most browsers - that's why we use "#c96"), and those sections were showing up as white
 * centering the table centers all data in the table, including times (which then makes the WR notation cause the times to not line up)
 * most tables dealing with medal counts/results on Wikipedia are not centered on the page, and the footnote describing Phelps' withdrawal should not be centered (especially since the footnote normally will go over 2 lines)
 * and in a totally subjective thing, I just think the WR footnotes should be flush with the table if they take up more horizontal space than the table itself.

If you want to discuss any of this with me, feel free to respond on Talk:Michael Phelps, here, or on my talk page. Thanks, Mike J. 01:13, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Okay, apparently the "#c96" thing is causing problems with other browsers as well. I suspect the problem's just IE not respecting "#abc" as opposed to "#aabbcc" codes - I only use the former because I'm lazy and am used to them after working w/ CSS.

How does this look in your browser?

If the above block comes out black-on-bronze for you, then that code would be fine. If not, perhaps we could work on trying to find something that would be more portable than what we've come up with? -- Mike J. 02:02, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Alright, I think it's all fixed on the page now. Thanks for your help. -- Mike J. 02:19, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Image:Transporter.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Transporter.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much,   – Quadell (talk) (help)   21:08, Nov 15, 2004 (UTC)
 * Done. Redux 23:21, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Thanks! Now how about Image:Trophys.jpg?
 * Actually, I created that image myself. I have added a note to the image's page on that regard. Redux 02:22, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Help with a troublemaker
Let me know if this is still looking like trouble in a couple of days, and no one else seems to be helping; if it is, I'll add it to my watchlist. -- Jmabel | Talk 18:06, Dec 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * I've already added it to my watchlist. Try to engage him in discussion first, if he still reverts without replying, he can be blocked for violation of policy. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 21:43, Dec 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * You say it may take an admin to deal with him. Remember that admins can only enforce community decisions not make them. You might want to start a "Request for comment" to start gathering evidence of his inappropriate behavior so someonecan act. -- Jmabel | Talk 01:20, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 1000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following image:

 * Image:Dedo_de_Deus.jpg

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 03:53, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

 * Source of the image is, despite my research, unknown. I've added a comment to that effect in the image's page, and kept the tag that was already there, of course.  I should mention, however, that copyright of images used on the Serra dos Órgãos article was the object of a long discussion between myself and Jorge Stolfi, which resulted in the removal of 2/3 of the images I had originally posted there.  Stolfi said he made a research on the images, and that one was the only one he didn't flag as copyrighted – hence it being the only one to remain.  Regards, Redux 05:48, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

ALSO: and
 * Image:Armas.jpg
 * Image:Claret Jug.jpg
 * Image:Petropolis Imperial Museum.jpg
 * Image:Niteroi division.jpg and Image:Niteroi regions.jpg RedWolf 23:23, Dec 31, 2004 (UTC)
 * Image:Niterói Itacoatiara Beach.jpg
 * Image:Charitas.jpg
 * Image:Camboinhas.jpg

About Polyvios Kossivas
Hello, I just added the Greek forms of Mr Kossivas' wife's and daughter's names. About the T-shirt inscription, I don't think it's a good idea to translate it back to Greek from the English - it would almost surely produce something different from the actual inscription (translation is a lossy process!). I couldn't find the inscription in Greek with a quick search so...

BTW, note that I had enterd Mr Kossivas' surname spelled incorrectly and it was fixed by Etz Haim - I took the name from a newspaper, which had misspelled it! The current version should be correct, since it gets some Google hits, while my version didn't get any.

I just added Mr Diamantopoulos' name in Greek, too. Adia 16:41, 2004 Dec 28 (UTC)

Obiwan1.jpg
Heyas, I loved the view of earth from above. Impressive. Anyway, what I wanted to ask for is if you might have licensure data for the image on the right. It currently has no data and it says you're the uploader. I added this to my user page (I'm SocratesJedi so it kind of fits) but I wanted to make sure the license is legal before I continue using it for any length of time. Thanks and take care. -SocratesJedi 19:48, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for updating that image page. I really appreciate it! You get a thank you sunflower! -SocratesJedi 09:39, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Real
Ultimately it does not matter how things are arranged, but what makes you put the Brazilian currency on top of everything else? Just curious. Also, I did not understand your mention of the sock puppet. Cheers. Oleg Alexandrov 05:02, 10 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * First about the sock pupet, you are right. I had one account at the beginning, but then I did not like how it sounded, and made another one. I never use the old one anymore.

 * About the Real page. You have a point again. My explanation was poor, and I did not do a "usage analysis" to see what should come on top. I don't think an usage analysis can be done, and neither does it make much sense.

 * However, I think most people coming to that page will not look for the Brazilian currency, but rather for something else. I would suggest that the first item in the list be "Real" in the sense of reality. Second could be "Real number", because that's used a lot in the sciences. What's below that probably does not matter too much.

 * I will not do the change myself, and I agree with you that it does not matter as much. But I would challenge you to think about it. Oleg Alexandrov 18:48, 10 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Can you email me?
Can you email me with a translation of the points in the Veja piece to which you think I should respond? --Jimbo Wales 04:32, 24 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Veda article
Thanks for letting me know about the story in Veja. I'd also be interested in a copy of the article if you have one. Angela. 00:49, Jan 25, 2005 (UTC)

Voleyball gold.jpg
Thanks for uploading Volleyball gold.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much, Woohookitty 08:51, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Barnstar Banner
Your quite welcome. I notice there are other awards people discussed, so I will see what I can do. I gif images for Flags of the World website, so if you wish to get advice on images, let me know. Zscout370 23:11, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Also, I have an idea for the Sports Barnstar. I did the checkered flag idea, however, I did not put a star on a waving flag.  I made black and white sqaures and I kept on doing it until I formed a shape of a star.  Tell me what you think (I will post the image tomorrow). Zscout370 03:04, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I look forward to seeing your design. Redux 16:59, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Alright, I will try to have it tonight. Also, do you think it will be safe to add the Barnstar of National Merit to the main Barnstar pages? Zscout370 19:54, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

It should be safe. The discussion for the creation of this award was started by me exactly one week ago today, which is a satisfactory time for anyone who might have something to say about it to find out about it and participate – over this one week period, six users gave their opinions in at least one comment, which is not a bad number. The discussion was carried out in the proper place: the talk page of the project page about Awards in Wikipedia and was announced by Grutness and myself in the Village Pump. No one can criticize the procedure for the creation of this new award, but should there it be some sort of "outcry" against the award (unlikely) or it's medal-like appearence (that would be more likely, although I don't believe that it will happen), we can always make adjustments. It will not have been our fault that other people who might have had something to say about awards in Wikipedia were not paying enough attention to see a week-long discussion going on in the talk page of the project page. Odds are that the new award will only get enough attention for any of this to happen once some people actually get it, and by then it might even be too late for a change in the award's appearence or purpose. Regards, Redux 20:19, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The ribbon design is very generic, and as mentioned, at least three or four medals use this design, and one of them is from a defunct country, the Soviet Union. The rest of the medals are obscure that only those heavily into the medal designs will mention something. Plus, other than the Bronze Star remotely, it looks nothing like real actual medals being presented. This will be different awarding for something just Wikipedia related, instead of some folks awarding a Purple Heart, Order of Canada, Hero of the Soviet Union or Hero of Socialist Labor for stuff. Plus, to be honest, I am still surprised by the RAK Barnstar, I thank you heavily for it. Zscout370 20:29, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, so we already know what we'll say if someone decides to pick on the new award – let us hope it doesn't happen though. As for the RAK Barnstar, I stand by what I said in your talk page: you earned it.  Here in Wikipedia, it's amazing how many people post comments saying they agree or disagree with something but then never return to check what's happened, let alone offer any help.  You, on the other hand, showed a legitimate interest in the discussion and offered help without being asked (to me particularly, for instance with your offer to draw the medal-like award I had proposed but couldn't create myself).  That is ever so rare in Wikipedia and it should indeed be acknowledged.  Regards, Redux 20:44, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Looks like Wikipedia is fixed, so lets add this Barnstar tomorrow. Zscout370 04:00, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Ok, I fixed everything. Enjoy, friend. Zscout370 02:03, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Spanish Translation of the Week
I would like to revive this project. I noticed that you've added yourself to the list of available Spanish-to-English translators. Are you interested in working on Spanish Translation of the Week? — J3ff 06:29, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Barnstar
For everything that you have done with me realted to the Barnstar of National Merit, I, Zscout370 award you a Barnstar. Zscout370 12:17, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

History of Brazil
Thanks so much-- your note made my day! Until now I'd been having a hard time finding editors interested in Brazil for a couple of years now, and nearly forgot that series. On Russia, China, Germany, and the United States, I've never had trouble finding a community of other contributors willing to divvy up the work; but Brazil doesn't get the attention that it deserves on the English Wikipedia... Let me know if you want to join me in expanding some of the articles. I'd like to start working on them again. 172 00:01, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * 172, I wish to join your efforts into editing some of the Russian pages/articles. Zscout370 02:25, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

In recognition...

In recognition of your persistent dedication to the community on Wikipedia_talk:Barnstars_on_Wikipedia, I hereby award you with the The Barnstar of Diligence – ClockworkSoul 20:59, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Hey
...I wasn't deliberately fishing for a barnstar! :) But thank you very much anyway - I shall display it on my user page! Grutness|hello?  22:34, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

You replied: ''It was my pleasure. The award was well deserved... And I take the opportunity to thank you for the Diligence Barnstar.'' Thanks should be going to ClockworkSoul, not me, for that barnstar! Grutness|hello?

User 172
Hey, I just heard he is stoping his articles. So how exactly going to edit the nationality pages? I want to do the Russian Pages, yet, I do not know what others are doing. Zscout370 15:21, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * I also have a message to pass on to you from 172:

'''I expressed an interest in continuing work on the history of Brazil articles earlier, but unfortunately I won't be able get around to it. (I was forced to quit as a contributor.) Thanks for the kind words earlier. Sorry to let you down.'''

I got it, since you do not have an email account on file with Wikipedia or your email settings have been turned off. Zscout370 12:19, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

unverified image
Thanks for uploading Image:Scheid gold.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much, JeremyA 03:41, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Also: Image:Niteroi neighborhoods.jpg. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 23:23, Mar 8, 2005 (UTC)

Image:Scheid gold.jpg
Greetings. I have listed Image:Scheid gold.jpg on Images and media for deletion because it has no source or licensing information, and it's not listed in any articles. If you would like this image to be kept, please add source and licensing information, and include it in an article. If you need any help with this, just ask me. Thanks! – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 23:40, Mar 8, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you for that. I had forgotten about that image.  Indeed, it should be deleted.  And I take the opportunity to ensure everybody that has posted on my talk page about image tags that I will get around to all of them.  Sorry if I'm taking a little long, but the website has not been working all that well.  I've been taking the few opportunities when it does work to contribute in some forums with which I'm involved.  I've not forgotten the images though.  Thanks to all for bringing them to my attention.  Regards, Redux 23:45, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Village pump (miscellaneous)
If it's the article that I'm thinking of—Gustavo Kuerten—then you might ask User:Hemanshu to weigh in. In providing quite a bit of content on 31 May 2004, he/she showed an interest in seeing the article improve, and significant knowledge of the subject at hand. They could at least mediate, if nothing else. (I would offer, but I have almost no knowledge of tennis.) GeorgeStepanek\talk   23:53, 13 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Wow, from the length of your reponse, this is really getting to you. Maybe a wikibreak is a good idea. Nothing online is that important. (Except, of course, my article and my disputes! ) But if I might offer a smidgen more advice, I would suggest that you retract and apologise for comments like "you're completely clueless." The moral high ground is always worth fighting for, and it may do something to clear the air. GeorgeStepanek\talk  01:50, 14 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Image source
Thank you for uploading Image:Beach gold.jpg. Its copyright status is unclear, so it may have to be deleted. Please leave a note on the image page about the source of the image. Thank you. --Ellmist 04:50, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Also, Image:Beach gold2.jpg and Image:Beach silver.jpg. --Ellmist 04:54, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Sorry to add to wiki stress but... copyright inquiry
The images on Brazil at the 2004 Summer Olympics are presumably copyright. I think the use we are making of them goes beyond "fair use". We really need a source for those images at least. I'm going to list them on WP:PUI, so feel free to object there  — Zeimusu | Talk 03:11, 22 Mar 2005 (UTC)

= Sérgio Vieira de Mello = Redux, I was wondering if you can look up the awards de Mello was bestowed with? Thanks. Zscout370 18:57, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Just wanted to let you know...
...that we miss you over at Barnstar and award proposals. – ClockworkSoul 23:34, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Replicator (Star Trek)
This I disagree with:

 * In the fictional Star Trek universe

Is there a non-fictional Star Trek? "fictional" is redundant. I can go with universe, but that also is redundant. To me, "Star Trek" means a fictional universe.

 * the second Star Trek series, being nonexistent on the original series

the name should be capitalized

 *  Dead Stop

Red links are not Bad Things (TM) and linking to a list of episodes is rather....uh, bad linking. I never see links link a list.

 * The device then arranges the molecules in accordance with said formula

How many times can you say formula? It's understood that the formula is being used so why repeat it? Cburnett 01:39, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Doença de Chagas
Hi Redux, I wrote a comment in the discussion page of rsabbatini, the main author of the article. Would you mind to read it? Tx, Lígia
 * Hi Ligia. I've taken a look at it.  You were right, but Rsabbatini appears to have taken care of it already.  Thank you for your interest.  Regards, Redux 20:33, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Pope John Paul II
I wish to send my condolences to you about the loss of the Holy Father. Zscout370 21:26, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Redux/Archive01


text:
Papaver orientale

Papaver orientale, the Oriental poppy, is a perennial flowering plant native to the Caucasus, northeastern Turkey, and northern Iran.

Oriental poppies grow a mound of leaves that are hairy and finely dissected in spring. They gather energy and bloom in mid-summer. After flowering, the foliage dies away entirely, a property that allows their survival in the summer drought of Central Asia. Gardeners can place late-developing plants nearby to fill the developing gap.

Cultivation
Papaver orientale usually thrives in soil pH 6.5 to 7.5 and in full sun or part shade. Seeds are sown after the potential of frost has passed, the average temperature is approximately 21 °C and when soil has thoroughly warmed. The seeds are sown at a depth of about one centimeter, or less as light may stimulate germination. Oriental Poppies do not handle transplanting or over-watering well. Germination period is 10–20 days. Mulch can be used to protect the plant over the winter and deadheading will produce a second flower.

Cultivars
Cultivars (those marked have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit):-

title: Papaver orientale


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/8th element youth outreach

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 13:11, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

8th element youth outreach
Non-notable religious mission (it was tagged for speedy deletion, but I've removed that, and brought it here). Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:13, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:13, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. Many religious ministries may be notable, but not this one. Paradiso 19:24, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable Dsmdgold 02:07, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, promo. Megan1967 04:29, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn, ad. Vlad M V  ٭ talk 22:03, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, promotional tool. Zechenia

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.