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Martin Schulz

Martin Schulz (born 20 December 1955) is a German politician who was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany from 1994 to 2017 and a Member of the Bundestag (MdB) from 2017 to 2021. During his tenure he was Leader of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats from 2004 to 2012, President of the European Parliament from 2012 to 2017 and Leader of the Social Democratic Party from 2017 to 2018.

In November 2016, Schulz announced he would not seek a third term as President of the European Parliament, but instead would stand in 2017 as the SPD candidate for the German Chancellorship. In January 2017, Sigmar Gabriel announced he would not stand for re-election as party leader and as the SPD candidate for the German Chancellorship, Gabriel recommended Schulz as his replacement.

After the elections of September 2017, which resulted in a postwar low for the SPD, Schulz declared the end of the existing Grand coalition under Angela Merkel and explicitly refused to serve in a Merkel government. On 7 February 2018, coalition talks concluded and Schulz announced he would succeed Sigmar Gabriel as Foreign minister and leave his party chairmanship to Andrea Nahles. After heavy public and internal criticism, Schulz decided not to enter the new cabinet. On 13 February 2018 Schulz stepped down as party chair.

Early life
Martin Schulz was born in the village of Hehlrath, which is now a part of Eschweiler in western Rhineland, near the Dutch and Belgian borders, as one of five children. His father, Albert Schulz, was a local policeman and belonged to a social democratic family; his mother, Clara, belonged to a conservative Catholic family and was active in the Christian Democratic Union. Having grown up in the border area between Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands, Schulz has relatives in all three countries.

After four years at primary school, from 1962 to 1966, Schulz attended the Heilig-Geist (Holy Spirit) gymnasium, a private Roman Catholic school run by the Holy Ghost Fathers (or Spiritans), in Broich (now Würselen), a district of the town of Broichweiden, for nine years. As a teenager, he went to France on a school exchange programme. He left school without passing his Abitur after failing the 11th grade twice.

From 1975 to 1977 Schulz then trained to be a bookseller. The next two years he worked for a number of publishing houses and bookshops. In 1980 Schulz suffered from alcoholism. After a successful rehab Schulz opened his own bookshop in Würselen in 1982.

Early career in municipal politics, 1987–1998
In 1974, at the age of 19, Schulz joined the SPD, became involved with the Young Socialists and in 1984 was elected to the Würselen Municipal Council, remaining a member for just over two electoral terms, to 1998, from 1987 onwards as mayor. At 31, he was then the youngest mayor in North Rhine-Westphalia. He held that office until 1998. As a municipal counselor he initiated the twinning of Würselen with the city of Morlaix in French Brittany, where he became friends with Marylise Lebranchu, who was the mayor and later became French Minister of Justice (2000–2002) and Minister for Public Services (2012–2016).

Member of the European Parliament (MEP), 1994–2017

In the 1994 European elections Schulz was elected to the European Parliament and between 2000 and 2004 was chair of the SPD delegation. Schulz has served on a number of committees, including the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs and the Subcommittee on Human Rights. He led the German delegation of the Socialist group (SPD members) from 2000 and was also a vice-chair of the Socialist Group in the EP. He was elected group leader in 2004, of the PSE Group, succeeding the Spaniard Enrique Barón Crespo, a position held until he was elected EP president. Since 2009, Schulz has also acted as the representative for European Affairs for Germany's SPD party and his views have deeply influenced his party's pro-European politics.

In 2004 as Leader of the S&D group, Schulz introduced a motion in the European Parliament to refuse to give approval/consent to the Barroso Commission on the basis of the proposed appointment of Italian nominee Rocco Buttiglione and his publicly expressed homophobic views. A large majority of MEPs from the other political groups followed and consequently Buttiglione was withdrawn and replaced by Franco Frattini.

By 2008, SPD chairman Kurt Beck has said he wanted Schulz to succeed Günter Verheugen as Germany's EU commissioner following the 2009 European elections; the post eventually went to Günther Oettinger.

President of the European Parliament, 2012–2017
Following the 2009 European elections Schulz came to public attention when he insisted that his group should not immediately approve a second term of office for European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso and instead, together with the Chair of the Green Group in the European Parliament, Daniel Cohn-Bendit, proposed the Belgian Liberal Guy Verhofstadt as a candidate for that office. Following reassurances by Barroso, Schulz dropped his categorical opposition to him, insisting only that he should make certain political concessions to the Social Democrats. As a result, the majority of the group abstained on the confidence vote to Barroso.

On 15 September 2011, members of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament unanimously nominated Schulz as their candidate for the President of the European Parliament. On 17 January 2012, Schulz was elected as President of the European Parliament, with 387 votes in favour out of 670 cast. Other candidates were Nirj Deva (142 votes) and Diana Wallis (141 votes).

Together with EU Commission President Barroso and EU Council President Herman van Rompuy, Schulz collected the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize on behalf of the European Union. The Prize, honoring "over six decades [having] contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe", was awarded by a unanimous decision of the Norwegian Nobel Committee.

As president of European Parliament, Schulz proved extremely adept at delicate diplomatic missions, such as his visit with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan following the 2016 coup attempt and his visit with Iranian President Hassan Rohani in November 2015 to "intensify dialogue" between the EU and Iran a few months after the signing of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action.

In November 2016, Schulz announced that he would not run for a third term in January 2017, and instead return to German politics. He resigned his seat on 10 February 2017, leaving the European Parliament after more than twenty-two years.

Candidacy for President of the European Commission
On 6 November 2013, Schulz was nominated as "candidate designate" by the Party of European Socialists – at the time the second-largest group in the 750-seat parliament –, with the aim to become the first candidate to be elected President of the European Commission by democratic elections. He was unopposed, as no other candidate stepped forward to challenge him in the race to be the socialist campaign figurehead. This kicked off a tour to all member states and particularly all member parties.

On 1 March 2014, Schulz accepted the nomination of the Party of European Socialists in Rome. He was elected by 368 PES members out of 404, with only 2 votes against him. Prior to the vote, in what was widely seen as a clear signal to its European partners on the left that there are limits to their support for the EU, Britain's Labour Party had publicly spoken out against Schulz as the left's candidate, instead favouring Helle Thorning-Schmidt of Denmark's Social Democrats. Schulz launched his European campaign on 17 April in front of 1,600 socialist activists in Paris, promising to tackle taxes and social dumping. He ran against Conservative Jean-Claude Juncker, then Prime Minister of Luxembourg, and Liberal Guy Verhofstadt.

However, when the Socialists came second in the European election behind the centre-right European People's Party (EPP), Germany's Social Democrats announced that they would accept one of Chancellor Angela Merkel's conservatives taking the German post on the European Commission if Schulz remained president of the European Parliament. The decision to back Juncker for the Commission's presidency instead was later endorsed at an informal meeting in Paris of eight Social Democratic leaders, including Thorning-Schmidt, Sigmar Gabriel of Germany and Werner Faymann of Austria. Accordingly, Schulz did not join the European Commission but remained in his current position.

Domestic politics
Since 1999, Schulz has been part of the SPD leadership under party chairmen Gerhard Schröder (1999–2004), Franz Müntefering (2004–05 and 2008–09), Matthias Platzeck (2005–06), Kurt Beck (2006–08) and Sigmar Gabriel (2009–17). Within the party, he serves as co-chairman of the Commission for International Politics, alongside Niels Annen. Schulz was an SPD delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2004, 2009, 2010 and 2012. In the negotiations to form a coalition government following the 2013 federal elections, he was part of the wider leadership circle chaired by Angela Merkel, Horst Seehofer and Sigmar Gabriel. He also led the SPD delegation in the working group on European affairs; his co-chair of the CDU/CSU was fellow MEP Herbert Reul.

During his 2014 campaign for the Presidency of the European Commission, Schulz established himself as a regular presence in German media on issues unconnected to the European Parliament elections that year. By 2015, German newspapers speculated that Schulz was interested in running for the chancellorship of Germany in the 2017 federal elections. In May 2016, he told weekly newspaper Welt am Sonntag that he would not enter the race to succeed Angela Merkel. In November 2016, Schulz announced that he would not seek a third term as president of the European Parliament, but would instead run for a seat on the German parliament in the 2017 elections, which reignited the chancellorship speculations. On 24 January 2017, Schulz was confirmed as the Social Democrats' candidate for chancellor.

2017 federal election
On 24 January 2017, Schulz became the Social Democrats' candidate for chancellor in that year's Federal election. In March he was unanimously chosen as official head of the party, the first time in post-war Germany a leader of the SPD received no dissenting vote. Following the announcement of his nomination, his party gained an average of ten percentage points in public opinion polls. For a short period of time the SPD was close to the Union parties of Chancellor Merkel, during this time political observers regarded it possible that Schulz could unseat Merkel in the federal election on 24 September 2017. Polls also showed Schulz leading Merkel if Germans could elect their chancellor directly.

With unemployment hitting new lows each month during the campaign, Schulz later struggled to gain traction with a message focusing on the ills of inequality in Germany. Shortly before the election, he refocused his campaign on the risk of a rekindled European migrant crisis. In July 2017, illness forced Schulz's campaign manager and friend Markus Engels to step down. In the federal elections on 24 September 2017, the Social Democrats slumped to 20.5 percent, a new postwar low.

Aftermath of the 2017 federal election
Within an hour of the first exit poll, Schulz confirmed statements by other senior party figures that the SPD would not renew its Grand coalition with the CDU under Angela Merkel but head into opposition. Schulz explicitly refused to serve in a Merkel government. However, after the attempt to form a "Jamaica coalition" between CDU/CSU, FDP and Greens failed in November 2017 and President Steinmeier asked him to reconsider, Schulz reverted his position and began coalition talks with the CDU/CSU parties.

In February 2018, these coalition talks concluded successfully and Schulz announced he would succeed incumbent Foreign Minister Sigmar Gabriel as Foreign minister. After heavy public and internal criticism, Schulz stepped down as SPD Leader on 13 February 2018 and proposed Andrea Nahles as his replacement; and shortly thereafter he also gave up his attempt to become Foreign minister. The attempt to install Nahles as acting party leader faced severe criticism from several regional party associations as well as experts in constitutional law. The party executive nominated Nahles as the new leader, with Olaf Scholz, as the longest-serving deputy, taking over as acting party leader until the party conference on 22 April 2018.

In December 2020, Schulz announced that he would not stand in the 2021 federal elections but instead resign from active politics by the end of the parliamentary term. At the same time, he was elected to chair the Friedrich-Ebert Foundation - a position he occupies to this day.

European integration
Schulz is widely considered an ardent EU supporter. He has hailed European unification as being civilization's greatest achievement over the past century. In 2014, however, he argued it was also essential that responsibility was delegated away from Brussels and down to national, regional and local authorities, allowing the EU to focus on the big issues. As a result of Schulz's pro-Europeanism, both supporters and detractors have linked him with the slogan "MEGA" – "Make Europe Great Again" – as a parody of US President Donald Trump's "Make America Great Again".

Schulz is committed to strengthening Europe and the European institutions. In 2016, he presented a ten-point plan for a reform of the EU with Vice Chancellor Sigmar Gabriel. It calls for a "streamlining" of European structures and the establishment of a strong European government under the control of the European Parliament.

Schulz has often emphasised that the European Union is the best way to banish the "demons of the twentieth century", such as racism, xenophobia and antisemitism. The Jerusalem Post criticised his words on antisemitism as "meaningless condemnations".

After the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union in a membership referendum, Schulz warned in mid-2016: "If we break the instruments with which we banish the demons, we will set them free again." He is one of the 27 initiators of the Charter of Digital Fundamental Rights published in November 2016 Of the European Union.

In December 2017, Schulz called for a new constitutional treaty for a "United States of Europe". He proposed that this constitution should be written by "a convention that includes civil society and the people" and that any state that declined to accept this proposed constitution should have to leave the bloc. His proposal is "likely to be met with some resistance from Merkel and other EU leaders".

Security policy
In front of the European Council on 19 December 2013, Schulz took responsibility for the initiation of the Cox-Kwaśniewski mission to Ukraine. In the same speech, he noted that Europe was still militarily dependent on the US, and that in many cases Europe would be quite incapable of carrying out a military operation without the support of the US.

Schulz was quoted in a newspaper report of his speech as having said: "If we wish to defend our values and interests, if we wish to maintain the security of our citizens, then a majority of MEPs consider that we need a headquarters for civil and military missions in Brussels and deployable troops," The External Action Service of HRUFASP Catherine Ashton had prepared a proposal, which was supported by France, Spain, Italy, Poland and Germany who together have QMV majority, to create a European Air Force composed of surveillance drones, heavy transport airplanes, and air-to-air refuelling planes. The debate was joined with a view presented by NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen, who maintained that "Nato will remain the bedrock of Euro-Atlantic security." Rasmussen's view prevailed on the Council at this time because QMV does not take effect in decisions of the European Council until 1 November 2014.

Economy
Schulz believes that dignified work is a value in itself. For that reason, he says, he is not a proponent of the concept of unconditional basic income. However, Schulz is much in favour of decent wage agreements, secure and lasting jobs, employee participation in decision-making and the examination of the social justification for claims and payments.

Foreign affairs
In an effort to improve relations between Europe and Cuba, Schulz led a European Parliament delegation to Havana for talks with Carlos Lage Dávila on lifting EU sanction against the countries in 2008.

In 2014, Schulz delivered a speech to the Israeli Knesset, in which he criticised Israel for denying Palestinians a fair share of water resources in the occupied West Bank. The speech sparked a walk-out by several lawmakers from the Jewish Home party, and drew a public rebuke from Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

In 2015, amid the Russo-Ukrainian War, Schulz suspended a committee made up of Russian and EU lawmakers that meets several times a year to improve ties. When Russia barred entry to two politicians from the EU who had planned to attend the funeral in 2015 of murdered opposition figure Boris Nemtsov, Schulz criticised the barring as "a high affront to EU–Russia relations and the work of democratic institutions".

In 2016, Schulz stated that Donald Trump is a problem "for the whole world," and linked the Trump phenomenon to far-right populism in Europe. He called Trump an "irresponsible man" who "boasts about not having a clue".

Other activities

 * Business Forum of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, Member of the Political Advisory Board (since 2020)
 * Bonner Akademie für Forschung und Lehre praktischer Politik (BAPP), Member of the Board of Trustees
 * Friedrich Ebert Foundation (FES), Chairman (since December 2020)
 * Institute for European Politics, Member of the Board of Trustees
 * Stiftung "Achtung!Kinderseele", Member of the Board of Trustees
 * IG Bergbau, Chemie, Energie (IG BCE), Member
 * 1. FC Köln, Member of the Advisory Board (-2019)

Berlusconi incident
On 2 July 2003, one day after Italy taking over the rotating Presidency of the Council of the EU, Schulz criticized Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi of Italy of his domestic policy. Berlusconi replied: "Signor Schulz, so che in Italia c'è un produttore che sta montando un film sui campi di concentramento nazisti: la suggerirò per il ruolo di kapò. Lei è perfetto! In English: Mister Schulz, I know of a film-producer in Italy who is making a film about Nazi concentration-camps. I will recommend you for the role of a Kapo [concentration-camp inmate appointed as supervisor]. You are perfect!" Berlusconi later claimed he was referring to the comedy-series Hogan's Heroes, where a slow-witted character named Sgt. Hans Georg Schultz, played by John Banner, starred. Even though Berlusconi insisted that he was just being ironic, his comparisons with the Nazis caused a brief diplomatic rift between the two.

Incident with Godfrey Bloom
On 24 November 2010 the British MEP Godfrey Bloom caused a row in the European Parliament when he interrupted a speech by Martin Schulz, heckling him with the Nazi propaganda slogan Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer ('one people, one empire, one leader') and accusing him of being an 'undemocratic fascist'. Bloom later stated that he was referring to the fact that the indoctrination of the German people under the Nazi regime has long-lasting effects; "some Germans still find it difficult to accept diversity in Europe and differences of opinion". In the debate on the future of the Euro Stability Pact Schulz had criticised the role played by the United Kingdom, which was involved in the discussions despite not being a member of the eurozone, and said that some eurosceptics would take pleasure in the collapse of the European Union. Following the incident, the President of Parliament, Jerzy Buzek, excluded Bloom from the Chamber. The Dutch MEP Barry Madlener, from the right-wing populist Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV – Freedom Party), then protested against that decision, on the grounds that Schulz himself had recently described the PVV MEP Daniël van der Stoep as a fascist, but had not been excluded from the Chamber.

Campaign-related issues
Schulz received criticism after having transformed the Twitter account that his staff had built up for his European Parliament presidency into his own personal account in order to use it as part of his candidature to the EU Commission.

During his time as President of the European Parliament, Schulz removed a paragraph critical of his stewardship in a key committee report set for debate on 2 April 2014, thereby attracting a lot of negative attention. As a consequence, a large majority of the European Parliament voted on 4 April 2014 to invite Schulz to resign so that he would be able to campaign for the European elections.

Lastly, Schulz was criticized about the tax-free daily allowance of €304 the President of the Parliament received, until 18 April 2014, which he received while he was campaigning to become President of the commission. This was paid for 365 days a year, in addition to his salary of 200 thousand euros per year. A member of parliament receives this daily allowance only for attending.

Allegation of favoring close employees
In April 2017, the European Parliament, as part of its decision to discharge the financial year 2015, criticized two personnel matters where Schulz had been responsible for as President of Parliament. An employee of the parliament received an expatriation allowance of around 20,000 euros, even though his center of life had previously been in Berlin. The employee was a confidant of Schulz and later worked for the SPD as its campaign manager. Schulz was also accused of signing irregular promotions of close associates in a presidential decree that would have secured them financially advantageous posts beyond his departure. Schulz described the complaint as an election maneuver by "anti-Europeans, conservatives and Greens" and referred a decision of the European Anti-Fraud Office not to initiate an official investigation.

Foreign Minister debate
On the day of the 2017 Federal Election, Schulz said he would under no circumstances become a minister of a government led by Angela Merkel or negotiate to form a Grand Coalition. After the SPD and Union parties finished their coalition talks on 6 February 2018, he made his intentions clear that he wanted to be Foreign Minister in the next government. This was met by heavy criticism from the party base, as Schulz was abandoning his word for a second time—the first being his vow not to enter coalition talks with Angela Merkel. The harshest criticism came from the incumbent Foreign Minister and his predecessor as SPD leader, Sigmar Gabriel. He accused Schulz and the Party leadership of not showing him the respect he deserves and being rude towards him. This public attack, coupled with internal pressure from the party leadership, led Schulz to retract prior statements and on 9 February 2018 he released a statement saying he would not enter into the new government; he resigned as leader of the SPD effective 13 February 2018.

Personal life
Schulz is married and has two children, Nico and Lina. He was raised Catholic but is now lapsed.

He suffered a period of alcoholism as a young man, after a knee injury put an end to his hopes of playing football.

Besides German, Schulz speaks English, French, Spanish, Italian and Dutch with varying degrees of fluency.

National honour

 * : Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 2006
 * : International Charlemagne Prize of Aachen on 14 May 2015

Foreign honours

 * : Großes goldenes Ehrenzeichen der Republik in 2008
 * : Honorary Doctorate by the Kaliningrad State Technical University on 18 May 2009
 * : Officer of the French Légion d'honneur in 2010
 * : Collar of the Chamber of Deputies of Romania on 31 October 2012; Doctor Honoris Causa title by the National School of Political Science and Public Administration of Bucharest on 31 October 2012.
 * : Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic on 10 November 2012
 * : Key of Honor to the City of Lisbon on 20 June 2013
 * : Grand Cross of the Order of Liberty on 17 January 2017
 * Gold Medal of the Jean Monnet Foundation for Europe, in 2014.

South America

 * : Grand Cross of the Order of the Liberator General San Martín, 22 August 2016

Asia

 * : Honorary PhD by Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 2014

title: Martin Schulz


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Hampden Park railway station

Hampden Park railway station serves Hampden Park in the northern areas of the seaside town of Eastbourne in East Sussex. It is on the East Coastway Line, and train services are provided by Southern. The station is sometimes used as an interchange to avoid travelling into Eastbourne itself.

History
Opened on 1 January 1888, it was originally called Willingdon, but was renamed Hampden Park for Willingdon on 1 July 1903. The name became Hampden Park under British Railways. It is one of two stations serving Eastbourne, the other being Eastbourne railway station

Location
The station is located on a spur line originally termed the Eastbourne Branch. There was a rarely used triangular junction between Polegate and the now-closed Stone Cross which allowed trains to bypass the Branch; the track has now been lifted. Services along the coast have almost invariably served Eastbourne, and as Eastbourne is at the end of the spur line, the trains pass through Hampden Park station twice - once on the way to Eastbourne, and once on the way out of Eastbourne - although not all trains stop on both occasions.

Because of this arrangement, some connections are advertised to allow passengers on the Victoria-Eastbourne service to use Hampden Park to pick up the stopping service to Hastings and vice versa.

The level crossing at Hampden Park is thought to be one of the busiest in the country, with an average of sixteen train movements an hour off-peak, and this can lead to significant traffic congestion on adjacent roads. The signal box which controlled the crossing was abolished in February 2015 when the controls were transferred to Three Bridges Regional Operations Centre.

Services
The typical Monday-Friday off-peak service pattern is:

 * 2tph to London Victoria (of which one stops here before Eastbourne and one stops after Eastbourne);
 * 2tph to Brighton (one of which stops before Eastbourne, and the other after Eastbourne);
 * 2tph to Ore (one of which stops before Eastbourne, and the other after Eastbourne);
 * 1tph to Ashford International (stopping after Eastbourne);
 * 3tph to Eastbourne only.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hampden Park railway station


text: Category:Former federal electoral districts of Alberta


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Ulrich Stockmann

Ulrich Stockmann (born 1 January 1951 in Oebisfelde) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1994 until 2009. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, part of the Socialist Group.

In parliament, Stockmann served on the Committee on Transport and Tourism. He was also a substitute for the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety, a member of the Delegation for relations with Israel and a substitute for the Delegation to the EU-Chile Joint Parliamentary Committee.

Career

 * 1969-1973: Studied architecture and construction

Education

 * 1973: graduated in regional and urban planning
 * 1982: First theological examination
 * 1985: second theological examination
 * 1988: ordained in
 * 1973-1975: Research assistant, Academy for Industrial and General Building Development
 * Senior Architect's Office, Berlin
 * 1975-1976: studied in Berlin-Weißensee and Adlershof
 * 1976-1982: Studied theology at Naumburg and Berlin
 * 1982-1988: Worked with young people in Community for the Resurrection
 * 1988-1990: Chaplain to young people and students in Naumburg
 * Chairman of the Naumburg SPD Local and District Association
 * 1994: Member of the Saxony-Anhalt SPD Association Executive Committee
 * 1990: Vice-Chairman of the SPD Group in the Volkskammer
 * since 1994: Member of the European Parliament
 * 1994-1999: Vice-Chairman of the European Parliament Israel Delegation

Decorations

 * 1998: Order of Merit with ribbon, Federal Republic of Germany

title: Ulrich Stockmann


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Talk:Sculptor in Ordinary for Scotland

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Strange page title... Any reason not to move it to Sculptor in Ordinary for Scotland? -Uppland 13:27, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I was going to suggest the same thing. -- John Fader (talk | contribs) 14:12, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sculptor in Ordinary for Scotland


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Ralf Walter

Ralf Walter (born 15 March 1958, in Andernach) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1994 until 2009. In Parliament, he served as vice-chair of the Committee on Budgets. He was also a substitute for the Committee on Budgetary Control and the Committee on Development.

Education

 * Graduated in social work

Career

 * 1980–1990: Chairman of the Cochem SPD
 * 1988–2000: Chairman of the Cochem-Zell Subdistrict SPD
 * Member of the SPD District Executive
 * since 2003: Chairman of the Rheinland-Pfalz SPD Party Council
 * 1979–1996: Member of the Cochem Municipal Council
 * 1984–2000: District Councillor
 * 1991–1994: Member of the Bundestag
 * 1994–2009: Member of the European Parliament

Decorations

 * Bundesverdienstkreuz

title: Ralf Walter


text: Category:Buildings and structures in Hertfordshire


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Manfred Weber

Manfred Weber (born 14 July 1972) is a German politician who has been serving as President of the European People's Party (EPP) since 2022 and as Leader of the EPP Group in the European Parliament since 2014. He has been a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany since 2004. He is a member of the Christian Social Union (CSU), part of the European People's Party.

In the 2003 Bavarian state elections, Weber became the state's youngest parliamentarian at the age of 29. Currently heading the European People's Party Group, he was the youngest group leader in the Parliament at the time of his appointment in 2014, as well as the youngest-ever group leader of the EPP. Weber is known as a moderate politician and power broker in EU politics.

In September 2018, Weber declared his intention to run for the position of President of the European Commission and was elected as the Spitzenkandidat of the EPP in November. On 26 May 2019 Weber's European People's Party won the most seats in the European Parliament, thus making Weber the lead candidate to become the next President of the European Commission. It was announced on 28 May that the new European Commission President would be picked at an EU summit in June; Weber was not nominated, with Ursula von der Leyen selected instead.

Education and early career

 * 1996: engineer, Munich Higher Technical Institute (now Munich University of Applied Sciences)
 * 1996–2014: Founded own consultancy firm (self-employed)
 * 2002–2004: Member of the Bavarian Parliament (Other)

Career in state politics
From 2002–2014, Weber was a member of the Kelheim District Council. From 2002 until 2004, he served as Member of the Landtag of Bavaria.

In 2003, Weber succeeded Markus Söder as chairman of the Junge Union in Bavaria; he served in that position until 2007. In this capacity, he also joined the CSU executive board. In 2008, he succeeded Erwin Huber as chairman of the CSU of Lower Bavaria, one of the party's ten districts.

Member of the European Parliament, 2004–present
Weber served on the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs from 2004 until 2012 and on the Committee on Constitutional Affairs from 2012 until 2014. During that time, he was a substitute for the Committee on Regional Development, a member of the Delegation for relations with India, a substitute for the Delegation for relations with the countries of the Andean Community and a substitute on the Subcommittee on Human Rights. As rapporteur, he negotiated in 2008 for the European Parliament Directive on common standards and procedures in Member States for returning illegally staying third-country nationals (Return Directive), the first Directive in the field of home affairs to be adopted through the ordinary legislative procedure.

After his reelection in 2009 Weber became vice-chairman of the European People's Party group in the European Parliament under the leadership of chairman Joseph Daul. In that capacity, he was responsible for setting the political strategy and the policy in the area of Justice and Home affairs.

Weber has been chairing the EPP group since 2014. He has since been a member of the Conference of Presidents of the European Parliament, first under the leadership of Martin Schulz (2014–2017) and later Antonio Tajani (since 2017). Between 2014 and 2016, Weber was a member of the now defunct G5 group along with European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker, Vice President Frans Timmermans, Socialist group leader Gianni Pittella and Martin Schulz, then President of the European Parliament. In early 2017, Weber established the so-called G6, a group of parliamentary leaders including Pittella as well as Guy Verhofstadt of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE), Syed Kamall of the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR), Ska Keller of the Greens, and Gabi Zimmer of the European United Left–Nordic Green Left.

Unsuccessful candidacy for President of the European Commission
In September 2018, Weber announced his candidacy (Spitzenkandidat) for the post of the President of the European Commission for the 2019 European election. (Under the unofficial Spitzenkandidat system, the leader of the European party that commands the largest coalition in the European Parliament subsequent to an election to the European Parliament is likely to become the European Commission president. )

Weber's European People's Party won a plurality of seats in the European Parliament in May 2019, thus making him the lead candidate to succeed Jean-Claude Juncker as President of the European Commission unless the Spitzenkandidat system was abandoned. On 28 May, leaders of EU governments tasked European Council President Donald Tusk with leading the negotiations with members of the European Parliament and national leaders to pick a new European Commission President at an EU summit in late June 2019. Tusk hinted that Weber was the "lead candidate." This did not materialise with Ursula von der Leyen, a fellow member of the European People's Party, being appointed president.

In 2022, Weber become president of the EPP.

In 2023, he was invited by Mateusz Morawiecki for an election debate before the same year's election due to controversies related with Donald Tusk.

Role in national politics
In 2015, Bavaria's Minister President Horst Seehofer nominated Weber as one of his deputies in the office of CSU chairman, making him part of the party's leadership. In the negotiations to form a coalition government under the leadership of Chancellor Angela Merkel following the 2017 federal elections, he was part of the working group on European policy, led by Peter Altmaier, Alexander Dobrindt and Achim Post. Merkel and her government also have backed Weber's bid to become President of the European Commission.

European integration
On 7 June 2014, Weber dismissed demands by British Prime Minister David Cameron to put the brakes on European integration. Weber stated that "The EU is based on an ever closer union of European peoples. That is set out in the treaties. It is not negotiable for us... We cannot sell the soul of Europe... if we grant every national parliament a veto right, Europe would come to a standstill." However, he supported Cameron's demand that Britain, as a non-euro country, should be empowered to influence eurozone policy decisions. Also, he told The Guardian in early 2015 that the United Kingdom's drive to freeze welfare payments for EU immigrants was justified and set an example for the rest of the union.

In early 2017, Weber held that if the International Monetary Fund (IMF) insisted on debt relief for Greece, it should no longer participate in the bailout, thereby breaking ranks with his political party's official line that the program would end if the IMF pulled out.

Commenting on the UK's vote to leave the European Union, Weber said, "The British people decided to leave this union, so they will not be so comfortable, so safe, not so economically strong. That's why we will say that it really is a very negative day."

In 2018, Weber placed a petition to grant free Interrail tickets to all EU citizens on their 18th birthday. These tickets would allow free travel within all of the EU for one month. Motivating reasons mentioned by Weber: "It is about bringing people together. We must arrange for young people to be thrilled by Europe again." However, the idea would have cost the EU taxpayer subsidies of 2.3 billion euros every year, hence the proposal did not find much support.

Conflicts over Hungary
In July 2013, when the European Parliament Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE) issued the Tavares Report criticizing the erosion of fundamental rights in Hungary, Weber dismissed it as a politically motivated attack on the government of Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán by leftist parties. However, in September 2018 he approved the Sargentini report voting to trigger Article 7 of the Treaty on European Union procedure against the government of Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán. Nevertheless, as head of the group, he failed in preventing a split in the European People's Party group: 115 of its deputies voted in favour of the move, while 57 voted against, with 28 abstentions and 20 stayed away from voting.

In the run-up of the 2019 European Parliament election, Weber could not stop Orbán from his poster campaign targeting European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker and billionaire George Soros. Eventually, on 20 March 2019, the EPP suspended the membership of Orban's party Fidesz. When Fidesz withdrew from the EPP-Group under threat of expulsion in March 2021, Weber declared it a "sad day" for the EPP and thanked Fidesz members for their past contributions.

Relations with Russia
In a 2016 letter to Sigmar Gabriel, German economy minister, and Miguel Arias Cañete, EU energy commissioner, Weber criticized the proposed Nord Stream 2 pipeline project, in that it would undermine the EU's foreign and security goals by increasing dependence on Gazprom, Russia's gas export monopoly. Rather than new supplies across the Baltic, Weber called upon the commission to accelerate its efforts to import more gas across Turkey from the Caspian Sea, and even potentially Iran and Iraq.

In response to the arrest and detention of Alexey Navalny in early 2021, Weber demanded that the EU cut financial transactions from President Vladimir Putin's inner circle.

Gay conversion therapies
In March 2018, Weber voted against initiatives prohibiting gay conversion therapies, unlike the majority of the European People Party's MEPs.

Doñana National Park conflict
In April 2023, the Regional Government of Andalusia, led by the conservative People's Party on the one hand and far-right Vox on the other hand, proposed a law to legalise to date illegal extraction of water for irrigation in the Doñana National Park, home to one of Europe's largest wetlands and UNESCO World Heritage, threatened by drought. The European Commission warned that this would constitute "a flagrant violation of the provisions of the judgment of the Court of Justice". Weber disagreed on this stance, accusing the von der Leyen Commission of playing "party politics" and of campaigning against the regional Government of Andalucía and in favour of Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez.

Incumbent European Commissioner for Environment, Oceans and Fisheries Virginijus Sinkevičius contradicted Weber pointing out, that "Doñana is important for Spain & the EU". Observers interpret the clash between the von der Leyen Commission and Weber – both are conservatives – as a new attempt by Weber to position himself for the presidency of the European Commission in the upcoming 2024 elections.

Offshore asylum schemes
In March 2024, the EPP unveiled its new manifesto, which garnered media attention for several controversial proposals. Among these was the offshore asylum scheme, aimed at accommodating illegal migrants in third-world countries. While some saw this proposal as a strategic move to appeal to conservative voters, others criticized it as a shift towards the far-right for the EPP.

Other activities

 * European Academy of Bavaria, Member of the Board of Trustees
 * Institute for European Politics (IEP), Member of the Board of Trustees
 * Central Committee of German Catholics (ZdK), Member
 * Friends of Braunau in Rohr Abbey, Chairman

title: Manfred Weber


text:
The Concretes

The Concretes were a Swedish indie pop band from Stockholm.

History
The Concretes began with Victoria Bergsman, Maria Eriksson, and Lisa Milberg. Since their formation in 1995, they have grown into an eight piece band. They have a number of "Honorary Concretes" who play on their records.

One of their songs from their debut album The Concretes, "Say Something New", has been featured on a number of television advertisements in the United States for Target. "You Can't Hurry Love", also from their debut album, has been used in major motion pictures and other films. Their second album, In Colour, was released in 2006. It was followed shortly after by the departure of lead singer Victoria Bergsman, who has since moved on to her solo project, Taken By Trees. Lisa Milberg now provides lead vocals for the band, both on stage and on the band's third album Hey Trouble, released early 2007.

In 2007, The Concretes recorded a cover version of Take That's "Back for Good" for Engine Room Recordings' compilation album Guilt by Association, released September 2007.

Maria Eriksson is also half of the band Heikki, with guitarist Jari Haapalainen. They released their self-titled debut, a mini-CD, in Scandinavia in 2002. The follow-up, Heikki 2, appeared in 2004. Lisa Milberg also makes music under the name Milberg. Her first solo album was released in 2009.

Group members
Current members:
 * Maria Eriksson – guitar, lead and backup vocals
 * Martin Hansson – bass, backup vocals
 * Ulrik Janusson – horns, piano, backup vocals
 * Lisa Milberg – drums, lead and backup vocals
 * Dante Kinnunen - drums
 * Per Nyström – organ, backup vocals
 * Ludvig Rylander – horns, piano and backing vocals
 * Daniel Värjö – guitar, mandolin, backup vocals

Former members:
 * Victoria Bergsman – lead vocals

Studio albums

 * The Concretes, released 2003 in Sweden; 2004 internationally
 * In Colour, released 13 March 2006 in the UK; 4 April 2006 in the US
 * Hey Trouble, released 2007
 * WYWH, released 2010

Compilations

 * Boyoubetterunow, released 2000; comprising their first two EPs
 * Layourbattleaxedown, released 26 July 2005; b-sides/rarities compilation

EPs

 * Limited Edition (1999)
 * Lipstick Edition (1999)
 * Nationalgeographic (2001)

Singles

 * "Forces" (2002)
 * "You Can't Hurry Love" (2003)
 * "Warm Night" (2003)
 * "Say Something New" (2004)
 * "Seems Fine" (2004)
 * "Chico" (2004)
 * "Lady December" (2004)
 * "Chosen One" (2006)
 * "On the Radio" (2006)
 * "Kids" (2007)
 * "Oh Boy" (2007)
 * "Keep Yours" (2007)

title: The Concretes


text:
Twin Falls (Newfoundland and Labrador)

Twin Falls is the site of a hydroelectric power station developed by the British Newfoundland Development Corporation (Brinco) to deliver power to mining operations in Labrador City and Wabush.

The station was on the Unknown River, a tributary of the Churchill River that drains the central Labrador basin. Construction began in 1960. The river was dammed at Twin Falls to form the Ossokmanuan Reservoir. When finished in 1963, the station had a total capacity of 225 MW with two 115 mi long transmission lines at 230,000 volts (or 230 kV). It cost $47.5 million (1963).

Twin Falls power was essential to the later development at Churchill Falls. It helped open up the area and supplied the power required during the construction phase of the project. In the planning stage, however, it became apparent that greater capacity factor in the production of electricity could be achieved by diverting the flow of water from the Ossokmanuan Reservoir into the Smallwood Reservoir. Utilizing this water at the Churchill Falls plant enabled approximately three times as much electricity to be produced from the same volume of water. In July 1974 the Twin Falls plant was put into extended shutdown and the water diverted into the Smallwood Reservoir under an agreement with Churchill Falls Labrador Corporation Limited (CFLCo).

Aerodrome
Twin Falls Aerodrome is an abandoned airport located .350 NM southeast of the Twin Falls Hydroelectric Power Station, in Labrador, Canada.

title: Twin Falls (Newfoundland and Labrador)


text: Category:Tourist attractions in Hertfordshire


text:
Heritage Council (Ireland)

The Heritage Council (An Comhairle Oidhreachta) is an organisation created by the Irish government to "engage, educate and advocate to develop a wider understanding of the vital contribution that our heritage makes to our social, environmental and economic well-being."

The Heritage Council was established under the Heritage Act 1995.

Its current CEO is Virginia Teehan.

The Council's purview includes monuments, archaeological objects, heritage objects such as art and industrial works, documents and genealogical records, architectural heritage, flora, fauna, wildlife habitats, landscapes, seascapes, wrecks, geology, heritage gardens, parks and inland waterways.

The Heritage Council organizes the annual Heritage Week in Ireland. It also has a grants scheme.

Irish Walled Towns Network
In 2005, the Heritage Council formed the Irish Walled Towns Network (IWTN). The role of the IWTN is to help the walled towns of Ireland become better places in which to live, work and visit. The network does this through providing grants for medieval town wall repairs, secondly, by providing grants for community festivals and heritage interpretation, thirdly, training community groups on how best to use their place's heritage and finally, by coordinating research and publishing advisory documents. In 2013, the IWTN's education programme won the European Union Prize for Cultural Heritage/Europa Nostra Award.

Museum Standards Programme for Ireland
The Heritage Council established the Museums Standards Programme for Ireland (MSPI) in 2007, to benchmark and promote professional standards in the care of collections and to recognise through accreditation the achievement of those standards within the Irish museum sector. As of 2020, 43 museums have been fully accredited through the MSPI programme.

title: Heritage Council (Ireland)


text: Category:Former federal electoral districts of Saskatchewan


text:
Talk:Stratovolcano

Stratovolcano or composite volcano - which, or both?
Title here is "Stratovolcano", but first sentence says "composite" and "strato" only appears at end of first paragraph. I'm not geological, but I think this is confusing. The second para, about volcanologists prefering the "stratovolcano" term helps, but that first sentence bugs me. Can someone in the field please clarify this? Thanks  - Peter 00:39, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

Improvements since my note above are wonderful - thanks to all who worked on it. Peter 21:42, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

My science teacher says that composite volcano is the most widely used term in the science field today, and that Stratovolcano is an antiquated term. I think that it probably should be changed to Composite volcano, and say that it is also called a Stratovolcano. Thoughts? 4bit (talk) 03:37, 5 February 2010 (UTC)
 * I just did a Google Scholar search, and stratovolcano beats composite volcano 7:1 in usage in publications. In publications from 2005 to present (to check what your teacher says about recent usage), the same 7:1 ratio exists. So from a first glance, at least the scientific community prefers "stratovolcano". Awickert (talk) 04:11, 5 February 2010 (UTC)

Volcano to be added as Strato
The Merapi, which is about to erupt on the Island of Java in Indonesia is a clear example of a Strato Volcano--Corney 08:52, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

Images
Anyone else think their usuage is a tad excessive? -b 17:44, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Four images, why would that be excessive? MadMaxDog 06:52, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Four images stacked along one side, complimented by only three paragraphs and an extremely long list? I don't think it looks nice at all. -b 02:44, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

I think it's good, for a confusing topic.

The image "Cutaway diagram of subduction zone and an associated stratovolcano" is grossly misleading in terms of scale, with the subducting plate smaller than the volcano. While it is impossible to display such a cross section at real scale, I suggest a better diagram should be provided. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Riverhead2 (talk • contribs) 04:39, 22 June 2011 (UTC)

"Strato Volcano" or "Stratovolcano"?
Is this one word or two? Currently (as of April 10, 2007) the article spells it "stratovolcano" pretty consistently. But some sources spell it "strato volcano." Any experts around here care to say which it is? -- Why Not A Duck 19:33, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

It should be stratovolcano... Every publication I've ever read spells it that way. Snoop0x7b 21:00, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes. It should be "stratovolcano". "Stratovolcano" is the most common usage and has appeared on every volcanological paper I have read.  Volcano guy  17:17, 27 February 2011 (UTC)

Stratovolcano: Most dangerous?
Shouldn't there be a mention of this type of volcano is the potentially most dangerous? IE: the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroclastic_flow that comes from it? There are a few in the USA West, ie: Hood, Rainer, Helens, and of course Vesuvius, and Krakatoa (of which has a "son" since the 1920's. It is this that kills people the quickest and I think should be mentioned. If Krakatoa, it's new descendant ever erupted again like in the 1880's again, it could kill millions.. The pyroclastic flows, and the tsunami's it would create would be devastating beyond the the last eruption when there wasn't too many people living on the islands, and also lack of records. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Asargeant (talk • contribs).

 * Well, if you can find a reputable source that documents that stratovolcanoes are the most dangerous, please feel free to put it in! hike395 13:57, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

 * It's not even true that stratovolcanoes are the most dangerous, so even if a reputable source happened to claim that (like newspapers, which are reputable but often wrong in science-related articles), we should not put it in. Large resurgent-type calderas, which have acquired the popular moniker "supervolcanoes", are by far the potentially most dangerous type of volcanoes.  However, there are only a relatively small number of such volcanoes worldwide, and their eruptions are infrequent.  Well-known examples include Yellowstone Caldera, Long Valley Caldera, Lake Toba, and Lake Taupo.  --Seattle Skier (talk) 18:15, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree that "supervolcanoes" (in the above sense) have the most violent eruptions, and probably present the biggest risk of regional or global catastrophe (although large igneous provinces might be just as bad). But if you look at the eruptive frequencies combined with the number of people at risk, I suspect stratovolcanoes as a group might be more dangerous than all the supervolcanoes. I don't know where to look for a source for that sort of judgement, though. -- Avenue 02:34, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with you too, that as a group, stratovolcanoes probably present the greatest statistical risk in terms of average fatalities per year worldwide, especially when major side-effects like the Krakatoa tsunamis are included. But I assumed that Asargeant, in referring to "potentially most dangerous" and given the rest of his/her words, was asking about which type of volcano would likely cause the most damage and fatalities if it erupted (i.e. in a single eruption), in which case the resurgent calderas are tops.

 * In any case, this article is in much need of expansion. A section on hazards, especially focusing on those particularly relevant to stratovolcanoes, would be a useful and necessary addition if we want to work this up to at least Good Article status.  --Seattle Skier (talk) 04:58, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I remember that even shield volcanoes, like Newberry Volcano, can produce pyroclastic flows. Any volcano, be it a stratovolcano, resurgent caldera or anything, which is able to change the weather, is potentially deadly. Guanlong  wucaii   —Preceding undated comment added 09:13, 2 June 2009 (UTC).

Mayon Volcano moved to specific article
The material on Mayon is more appropriate for Mayon Volcano. I moved the material over to Talk:Mayon Volcano/Extra. hike395 (talk) 02:13, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

Problem with magma type
According to the first paragraph stratavolcanoes are characterized by andesitic lava. The article goes on to name the Cascade range and Mt. St. Helens as examples. These mountains have composite lava, layers of andesite and mafic lava. This variation needs to be mentioned to avoid the misleading impression that these volcanoes are strictly andesitic. 96.252.103.113 (talk) 06:25, 9 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree. And not all stratovolcanoes form at subduction zones. Stratovolcanoes like Hekla in Iceland or Mount Edziza in northwestern British Columbia, Canada formed from rift/hotspot volcanism instead. Black Tusk (talk) 06:44, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

 * And someone added material about composite volcanoes not being the same as stratovolcanoes, which has been subsequently reverted, although two sentences remain with fact tags. Can an expert confirm or contradict this material? hike395 (talk) 05:42, 20 January 2009 (UTC)

 * The term composite volcano, is best reserved for those edifices with more than one eruptive peak. Well, according to what I know, composite volcano is the same as stratovolcano while complex volcano and compound volcano are terms for volcanoes with more than one feature. Black Tusk (talk) 03:01, 21 January 2009 (UTC)

shield volcano typo
sheild volcano should be shield volcano

75.23.79.144 (talk) 12:57, 27 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting wait.svg Already done Thanks. —Ms2ger (talk) 18:20, 27 March 2009 (UTC)

logan waz here HAHA —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.14.139.177 (talk) 00:10, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

Volcanic Bombs grammar
Minor quibble - perhaps consider changing very fast speeds to very high speeds. --Peck66 (talk) 01:40, 18 May 2010 (UTC)

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Vandalism
Check out the picture at the beginning. 174.4.17.93 (talk) 00:26, 13 June 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stratovolcano


text:
Barbara Weiler

Barbara Weiler (born 17 September 1946 in Düsseldorf) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1994 until 2014. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, part of the Socialist Group.

Weiler joined the SPD in 1970.

During her term in office, Weiler served on the European Parliament's Committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection. In this capacity, she was the Parliament's rapporteur on the Late Payment Directive (2010-2011) and the Radio Equipment Directive (2013-2014).

In addition to her committee assignments, Weiler was a substitute for the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs, a member of the delegation for relations with the countries of Southeast Asia and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and a substitute for the Delegation for relations with Japan. She was also part of a monitoring mission during the Ukrainian presidential election in 2014.

Education

 * 1963: School-leaving certificate
 * Studied languages in the UK 1965-1967

Career

 * 1963-1965: Night school
 * 1965-1985: Office worker (clerk, head secretary, company secretary) in industry
 * SPD organiser, Fulda District (1985-1987);
 * 1971-1975: Councillor in Willich, Viersen District
 * 1975-1985: Willich town councillor
 * 1987-1994: Member of the Bundestag
 * 1994-2014: Member of the European Parliament

title: Barbara Weiler


text: User talk:203.220.157.26

title: User talk:203.220.157.26


text:
Anja Weisgerber

Anja Weisgerber (born 11 March 1976) is a German lawyer and politician. She currently is a member of the German Bundestag representing Schweinfurt for the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU), part of the European People's Party (EPP). She previously served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Bavaria. In addition to her political work, she serves as of counsel at the Frankfurt office of German law firm GSK Stockmann & Kollegen.

Education and early

 * 1996–1997: Research assistant to Ulrich Sieber
 * 2000: First state law examination
 * 2001: doctorate in law
 * 2003: second state law examination
 * 2001–2003: Law officer, District Court, and Regional Assembly, Schweinfurt, Lower Franconia Government, Dr Haas Solicitors, Schweinfurt and Price Waterhouse Coopers Veltins, Rechtsanwaltsgesellschaft mbH, Munich
 * since 2004: Lawyer

Beginnings

 * 1995–1997: Member of the District Executive of the Schweinfurt Junge Union
 * 1997: Founded Schwebheim Junge Union association
 * since 1997: Vice-chair of the Schweinfurt Junge Union
 * 1996–1999: District Executive Officer, Lower Franconia Junge Union
 * 1997–1999: Member of the District Executive of the Lower Franconia Junge Union, Chairwoman of the Schwebheim Junge Union
 * Member of the Junge Union Regional Executive
 * head of Bavaria Junge Union environment working group
 * since 2003: Member of the CSU District Executive
 * since 2002: Councillor, Schwebheim

Member of the European Parliament, 2004-2013
In the 2004 European elections, Weisgerber was elected as a Member of the European Parliament for Bavaria. Throughout her tenure, she was a member of the European Parliament's Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety. In addition, she served as a substitute member on the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs between 2004 and 2009 and on the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection between 2006 and 2013. From 2009, she was the co-chairwoman of the informal European Parliament Osteoporosis Interest Group.

Weisgerber was also a member of the delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean (2004-2013) and of the delegation for relations with the Mashreq countries Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Egypt (2009-2013).

In her capacity as member of the committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety, Weisgerber issued a report on the 2007 revision of the EU Directive on Air Quality. In a vote in February 2009, an overwhelming majority of MEPs on the committee rejected a resolution drawn up by Weisgerber and fellow German MEP Holger Krahmer, which said the commission should not ban incandescent light bulbs.

In 2009, the CSU chose Weisgerber to be the party list's number 3 for the 2009 European elections, following Markus Ferber and Angelika Niebler.

Member of the Bundestag, 2013-present
Weisgerber has been a member of the German Bundestag since the 2013 federal election, when she succeeded Michael Glos as representative of the Schweinfurt/Kitzingen electoral district. She has since been serving on the committee on the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety and on the Sub-Committee on European Law. On the committee on the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety, she serves as her parliamentary group's spokeswoman and as rapporteur on urban development funding and on climate change. In the latter capacity, she participated in the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris.

In addition to her committee assignments, Weisgerber is a member of the German-French Parliamentary Friendship Group, the German-US Parliamentary Friendship Group and the German-Canadian Parliamentary Friendship Group. She has been a member of the German delegation to the Franco-German Parliamentary Assembly since 2022.

In the negotiations to form a coalition government under the leadership of Chancellor Angela Merkel following the 2017 federal elections, Weisgerber was part of the working group on urban development, led by Bernd Althusmann, Kurt Gribl and Natascha Kohnen. In 2019, she was appointed by the leaders of CDU and CSU, Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer and Markus Söder, to the parties’ ad hoc steering group on climate policy.

Since the 2021 elections, Weisgerber has been serving as her parliamentary group's spokesperson for environmental policy.

Other activities

 * Nuclear Waste Disposal Fund (KENFO), Alternate Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2017)
 * Federal Foundation of Baukultur, Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2013)
 * Donum Vitae Foundation for Bavaria, Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2015)

Political positions
In June 2017, Weisgerber voted against Germany's introduction of same-sex marriage.

Recognition

 * Medal for Extraordinary Merits for Bavaria in a United Europe (2008)

Personal life
Weisgerber is a former Bavarian tennis champion. She is married to Carsten Deibel, a physicist at the Chemnitz University of Technology.

title: Anja Weisgerber


text:
Talk:Calakmul

Untitled
On Tikal vs. Calakmul, it says a hurricane "recently" uncovered two stairs. Recently seems like a rather vague word. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.139.104.114 (talk) 11:44, 11 November 2008 (UTC)

Requested move from Calakmul to Calakmul, Mexico
It was requested that this article be renamed but there was no consensus for it to be moved.
 * Administrative; match existing standards

Discussion

 * Oppose. See Teotihuacan, Chichen Itza, Cacaxtla. Altun Ha, etc. Perhaps it's Caracol, Belize, that's in the wrong place? –Hajor 13:49, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose; I accept your reasoning. So, do you want to move Caracol? :) JEREMY 08:45, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Great; I will do so in a minute. Do you have any photos of Calakmul? I have some somewhere, but from the pre-digital age, which means firing up the scanner. –Hajor 13:40, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Excellent. Looks like you need to do the same with El Perú, Guatemala, Louisville, Belize, Piedras Negras, Guatemala, Kabah, Yucatán and Mani, Yucatán. (Are you doing redirects after the moves, btw? I hate the fact that those diacritics are necessary, and that the spelling is inherently inconsistent; I've already redirected Kalakmul, for example.) The categories need rationalisation, too: Maya sites, Archaeological sites, sites in specific countries, &c. Lots of redundancy and cross-over. Lots of work to untangle, too, sadly. Re. photos, I've written to a photographer who's got a lot of material online and offers it for re-use. If he's amenable, I'll grab something from there. JEREMY 06:03, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * OK, bit by bit ... Louisville, Belize, Piedras Negras, Guatemala, Kabah, Yucatán, and Mani, Yucatán, are all there at disambiguated article locations because of, respectively, Louisville (disambiguation), Piedras Negras, Kabah (!), and Mani. I'm not sure about El Perú, Guatemala -- I assumed El Perú would be a redirect to Peru, but it's not (Perú is). Sounds like a candidate ripe for moving, or some other form of rationalisation.

 * Redirects? Yup, someone moving a page is under a burden of trust to fix at least the double redirects (which don't work). Single-level redirects do work, however, and they can be safely left where they are.

 * How does one locate double redirects?

 * The "what links here" page lists every page that links to an article, including 2nd-level nesting for things that link by means of a redirect. That's where you can detect double redirs.

 * Categorisation. Yes. The whole category system is a mess. And moving stuff around various categories is such a drawn-out process that, a lot of the time, inertia wins. And because categorising something like "archaeological sites" is such a mammoth task, a lot of the time someone will embark on it only to lose heart halfway through. The category system is not one of Wikipedia's strong points.

 * Uhuh. Probably best left until someone can build a script.

 * Scripts = bots? Not something I know too much about.

 * Photos. I hope your photographer contact comes through. I succeeded in unearthing mine but, frankly, there was nothing there worth scanning. Cheers, –Hajor 23:03, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Fair enough. Will upload whatever I can come up with.

 * How do we close off this "move page" thread of Talk? JEREMY 08:02, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * One of us stops answering the other. Or starts a new section header and we continue thereunder. –Hajor 13:12, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Main Picture
I added a picture of Calakmul because i thought it might need one. I'll be adding more tomorrow. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Dragon Lost In Mexico (talk • contribs).

 * Thanks, DLIM. Looks fine.--cjllw ʘ  TALK 00:43, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

Kaan State
The Kaan state had several capital cities thru history, Calakmul being one of them. I Think that Kaan (maya state) should not redirect to Calakmul, but to have a page on it's own. Soparamens (talk) 21:29, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Calakmul


text:
Otto Ohlendorf

Otto Ohlendorf (4 February 1907 – 7 June 1951) was a German SS functionary and Holocaust perpetrator during the Nazi era. An economist by education, he was head of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) Inland, responsible for intelligence and security within Germany. In 1941, Ohlendorf was appointed the commander of Einsatzgruppe D, which perpetrated mass murder in Moldova, south Ukraine, the Crimea and, during 1942, the North Caucasus. He was tried at the Einsatzgruppen Trial, sentenced to death, and executed by hanging in 1951.

Life and education
Born in Hoheneggelsen (today part of Söhlde; then in the Kingdom of Prussia), Otto Ohlendorf came into the world as part of "a farming family". He joined the Nazi Party in 1925 and the SS in 1926. Ohlendorf studied economics and law at the University of Leipzig and the University of Göttingen, and by 1930 was already giving lectures at several economic institutions. In 1931, Ohlendorf was awarded a two-semester scholarship to the University of Pavia. According to historian Alan Steinweis, Ohlendorf was one of the few Nazis who possessed two doctoral degrees. In 1933 he obtained the position of a research directorship in the Kiel Institute for the World Economy. Ohlendorf was active in the National Socialist Students' League in both Kiel and Göttingen and taught at the Nazi Party's school in Berlin. He participated in major debates between the SS, the German Labour Front, and the Quadrenniel Organization on economic policy. By 1938 he was also manager in the Trade section of the Reich Business Board (Reichswirtschaftskammer). Historian Christian Ingrao quips that for Ohlendorf, Nazism was a "quest for race" in the historical continuum, and even though he never stated it that way, his faith in Germandom was akin to that of his fellow SS intellectuals.

SS career
Ohlendorf joined the SD in 1936 and became an economic consultant of the organisation. Like other talented academics such as Helmut Knochen and Franz Six, Ohlendorf had been recruited by SD talent scouts. Attached to the SS with the rank of SS-Hauptsturmführer, by 1939, he had obtained the rank of SS-Standartenführer and was appointed as head of Amt III (SD-Inland) of the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), a position he kept until 1945. His role in collecting intelligence from his secret police agents was disliked by some of the Nazi leadership. Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler once characterized Ohlendorf as "an unbearable Prussian" who was "without humour". Nonetheless, Ohlendorf was instrumental as a member of the SD in shaping Nazi economic doctrine, which became "increasingly virulent as the war progressed" as he attempted to mould the economy "in an ethnic context". It was Ohlendorf's responsibility as head of the SD-Inland to collect data and scientifically examine social, cultural, and economic issues, assembling reports to his superiors in the Nazi government. Routine public opinion surveys—which were under the purview of Ohlendorf and SS-Major Reinhard Höhn—constituted some of these reports. These public opinion polls on the social climate of Nazi Germany were both unpopular and controversial.

In June 1941, Reinhard Heydrich appointed Ohlendorf to be commander of Einsatzgruppe D, which operated in southern Ukraine and Crimea. Joining the Einsatzgruppen was an unappealing prospect and Ohlendorf refused twice before his eventual appointment. Transfers from the RSHA to the Einsatzgruppen were in part due to personnel shortages but also to keep the initial killing operations confined to those who already knew the details, such as Ohlendorf, Arthur Nebe, and Paul Blobel. Einsatzgruppe D was the smallest of the task forces, but was supplemented by Romanians along their way through the killing fields of Bessarabia, southern Ukraine, and the Caucasus. Additional manpower for Einsatzgruppe D came from Ukrainian auxiliary police formations. Supporting military operations, Ohlendorf's group was attached to the Eleventh Army. Ohlendorf's Einsatzgruppe in particular was responsible for the 13 December 1941 massacre at Simferopol, where at least 14,300 people, mostly Jews, were killed. Over 90,000 murders throughout Ukraine and the Caucusus are attributed to Ohlendorf's unit.

Ohlendorf disliked the use of the oft-employed Genickschuß (shot to the back of the neck) and preferred to line up victims and fire at them from a greater distance so as to alleviate personal responsibility for individual murders. All forms of contact between the firing squads and victims were limited—per Ohlendorf's insistence—until the last moments before the killing started, and up to three rifleman were allocated to each person about to be shot. To ensure the group killing mentality, Ohlendorf forbade any commando from taking individual actions and explicitly instructed his men not to take any of the victim's valuables. One of Ohlendorf's most trusted "proper" military-style murderers, SS-Haupsturmführer Lothar Heimbach, once exclaimed, "A man is the lord over life and death when he gets an order to shoot three hundred children—and he kills at least one hundred fifty himself."

Many of the killing operations were personally overseen by Ohlendorf, who wanted to ensure they were "military in character and humane under the circumstances". The number of persons killed under the leadership of Einsatzgruppen commanders such as Ohlendorf are "staggering" despite the use of varying murder techniques. On 1 August 1941, Einsatzgruppen commanders including Ohlendorf, received instructions from Gestapo chief Heinrich Müller to keep headquarters (Hitler especially) informed of their progress in the East; Müller also encouraged the speedy delivery of photographs showing the results of these operations. During September 1941, Ohlendorf's group slaughtered 22,467 Jews and communists at Mykolaiv near the Black Sea port of Odesa.

Due to the Wehrmacht's insistence that Ukraine's agricultural production was needed to sustain its military campaign, Ohlendorf was asked during October 1941 to refrain from killing some of the Jewish farmers—a request he honored—but one which earned him Himmler's contempt. This act should not be seen as a change of heart or kindness, as just a month prior in September 1941, Ohlendorf reported to his men that "from now on the Jewish question is going to be solved and that means liquidation". From that month forward, the Einsatzgruppen had begun the process of systematically shooting not just men but women and children, a transition that historian Peter Longerich terms "a decisive step on the way towards a policy of racial annihilation".

Between February and March 1942, Himmler ordered that gas vans should be used to murder women and children so as to reduce the strain on the men, but Ohlendorf reported that many of the Einsatzkommandos refused to utilize them since burying the victims proved an "ordeal" afterwards. When gas van killing operations were conducted, it was usually at night to keep the population from witnessing the macabre affair. After the victims' deaths, Jewish Sonderkommando were forced to unload the bodies, clean the excrement from inside the van's gas chamber, and once the clean up was complete, were themselves immediately shot. As far as Ohlendorf was concerned, the gas vans were impracticable for the scale of killing demanded by Himmler; namely, since they could only kill between fifteen and twenty-five persons at a time.

Historian Donald Bloxham referred to Ohlendorf as a bureaucrat, who was trying to "prove himself in the field". Another historian, Mark Mazower, described Ohlendorf as a "gloomy, driven, self-righteous Prussian". His commitment to the Nazi cause kept him in Ukraine longer than any of his comrades, and while he may have disliked the political direction in which Germany was headed, he never registered complaints about murdering Jews. He did, however, express misgivings about the barbarity and sadism being meted out by the Romanian units that accompanied the Einsatzgruppen in their murderous tasks, since they were not only leaving a trail of corpses in their wake, they were also pillaging and raping in the process. He also complained about the Romanians driving thousands of frail elderly persons and children from Bessarabia and Bokovina—all incapable of work—into German-held regions, who Ohlendorf's men forced back into Romanian territory, but not without killing a significant percentage of them as a result.

Ohlendorf devoted only four years (1939–1943) of full-time activity to the RSHA, for in 1943, in addition to his other jobs, he became a deputy director general in the Reich Ministry of economic affairs. Sometime in November 1944, he was promoted to Gruppenführer. Believing their expertise invaluable, Ohlendorf, Ludwig Erhard, and other experts concerned themselves with how to stabilize German currency after the war. Hoping to salvage the reputation of the SD, Ohlendorf offered his services in the hopes that he could shape the postwar reconstruction of Germany, but along "National Socialist lines", remaining convinced as was Admiral Karl Dönitz (who gave Ohlendorf the economics portfolio), that some form of Nazism would ultimately survive.

In May 1945, Ohlendorf participated in Himmler's flight from Flensburg. He and several other subordinates were arrested by the British near Lüneburg on 23 May 1945. Himmler committed suicide shortly after being captured. For several weeks after his arrest, Ohlendorf was carefully interrogated, during which he revealed the criminal nature of the German campaign in the East.

Nuremberg trials
Ohlendorf was called as a witness by the prosecution during the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg on 3 January 1946. During the subsequent Einsatzgruppen trial, Ohlendorf was the chief defendant, and was also a key witness in the prosecution of other indicted war criminals. Ohlendorf's apparently reliable testimony was attributed to his distaste for the corruption in Nazi Germany and a stubborn commitment to duty. The court examined Ohlendorf concerning Einsatzgruppen operations in particular. During the trial, Ohlendorf insisted that he, as a loyal Nazi, had acted properly and had done nothing wrong. He expressed no remorse for his actions, telling prosecutor Ben Ferencz that the Jews of America would suffer for what the prosecutor had done, and seemed to have been more concerned about the moral strain on those carrying out the murders than those being murdered; Ferencz later recounted his justifications in court, stating:"'When Ohlendorf was asked to verify that his unit had murdered 90,000 Jews, the SS General began to quibble. He said he couldn't confirm it. The reason given was that sometimes his men exaggerated the body count. 'Would the General care to venture an estimate?' 'No.' 'Was it perhaps 80,000 or only 70,000?' 'That was possible.' 'Or perhaps 100,000?' 'Maybe.' 'And were there many Jewish children among those who were killed?' 'Yes, of course.' But, added Ohlendorf, he never allowed his men to do as some other units did. He told his men never to use infants for target practice nor smash their heads against a tree. He ordered his men to allow the mother to hold her infant to her breast and to aim for her heart. That would avoid screaming and would allow the shooter to kill both mother and child with one bullet. It saved ammunition. Ohlendorf said he refused to use the gas vans that were assigned to his companies. He found that when the mobile killing vehicles arrived at their destination, where they were supposed to dump their asphyxiated human cargo into a waiting ditch, some of the captives were still alive and had to be unloaded by hand. His troops had to drag out corpses amid vomit and excrement and that was very hard on his men.'"At the trial, Ohlendorf attempted to present the operations in the Soviet area "not as a racist programme for the annihilation of all the Jews ... but as a general liquidation order primarily aimed at 'securing' the newly won territory." Defending his actions, Ohlendorf compared Einsatzgruppen activities to the Biblical Jewish extirpation of its enemies; he likewise claimed that his firing squads were "no worse than the 'press-button killers' who dropped the atom bomb on Japan."

Despite his attempts to establish moral equivalency for atrocities upon the Allies, Otto Ohlendorf was convicted of crimes against humanity and war crimes committed during World War II. He was sentenced to death in April 1948 and spent three years in detention before being hanged at the Landsberg Prison in Bavaria on 7 June 1951.

title: Otto Ohlendorf


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Joachim Wuermeling

Joachim Wuermeling (born 19 July 1960 in Münster) a German politician of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria. Between 2005 and 2008, he served as State Secretary for the European Union in the German Federal Ministry for Economics and Technology.

Education

 * 1985: First state law examination
 * 1987: Doctor of Law
 * 1989: Second state law examination
 * 1990: Master of comparative, European and international law at the European University Institute in Florence

Early career

 * since 1996: Lecturer of the University of Potsdam
 * since 2000: Lawyer
 * 1989-1993: European affairs officer, Bavaria Office, Bonn
 * 1993-1999: Section head, European affairs division, Bavarian State Chancellery, Munich
 * 1993-1995: Staff Member of the Commissioner Schmidhuber's private office, Brussels

Political career

 * since 1996: Member of the Upper Franconia CSU District Executive
 * since 1997: Member of the CSU European affairs committee
 * since 1998: Member of the CSU Party Committee
 * since 1999: Member of the CSU Policy and Drafting Commissions
 * since 2000: District Chairman of the Upper Franconia CSU Lawyers

Member of the European Parliament, 1999–2005
From 1999 to 2005, Wuermeling was a Member of the European Parliament for Bavaria with the Christian Social Union in Bavaria, part of the European People's Party and served on the European Parliament's Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection.

During his time in the Parliament, Wuermeling was a substitute for the Committee on Constitutional Affairs, a member of the Delegation to the EU-Bulgaria Joint Parliamentary Committee and a substitute for the Delegation for relations with the Gulf States, including Yemen. Most notably, he was the Parliament’s rapporteur on the Consumer Credit Directive.

Other roles included:
 * 1999-2005: Member of the European Parliament
 * 1999-2001: Vice-Chairman of the Delegation to Estonia
 * 2002-2003: Substitute Member of the European Parliament Delegation to the European Convention
 * 2002-2004: EPP Deputy coordinator, Committee on Constitutional Affairs

State Secretary, 2005–2008
Following the 2005 German elections, Wuermeling was appointed State Secretary at the Federal Ministry for Economics and Technology. under minister Michael Glos in the first cabinet of Chancellor Angela Merkel. In this capacity, he was primarily in charge of energy issues. He also served as the government’s coordinator for EU policies and held a key role during Germany’s presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2007.

In early 2008, Glos put Wuermeling in temporary retirement from government employment and replaced him with Jochen Homann.

Life after politics
Between 2005 and 2011, Wuermeling served as member of the Executive Board of the German Insurance Association (GDV), where he was in charge of European and international affairs. In this capacity, he was also a member of the European Economic and Social Committee. From 2011 to 2016, Wuermeling served as chairman of the Association of Sparda Banks, a group of twelve regional cooperative banks in Germany.

In July 2016, following a proposal of Bavaria, the Bundesrat nominated Wuermeling as member of the Executive Board of the Deutsche Bundesbank. He left this position in 2023.

Since 2024, Wuermeling has been employed as senior advisor at the Frankfurt office of law firm Allen & Overy.

Other activities

 * House of Finance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Member of the Board of Trustees
 * Leibniz Institute for Financial Research (SAFE), Member of the Policy Council
 * Research Institute for Application-Oriented Knowledge Processing (FAW), Member of the Board of Trustees
 * Institute for European Politics (IEP), Member of the Board of Trustees
 * Rotary International, Member

title: Joachim Wuermeling