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Chancellery

Chancellery is the office of the chancellor, sometimes also referred to as the chancery.

Both terms may also refer to:

Government

 * Chancellery (medieval office) or chancery, a medieval writing office
 * Chancellery of the President of the Republic of Poland
 * Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland
 * Department of Chancellery, one of the three central government departments in imperial China between the 3rd and 13th centuries
 * Federal Chancellery (Austria)
 * Presidential Chancellery (Austria)
 * Federal Chancellery of Switzerland
 * Federal Public Service Chancellery of the Prime Minister, the office and department of the Prime Minister of Belgium
 * Garde des Sceaux, i.e., keeper of the seals, or Chancellory, the French Ministry of Justice
 * German Chancellery, the office and department of the Chancellor of Germany
 * Federal Chancellery (Bonn)
 * Federal Chancellery (Berlin)
 * His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery, an office in the 19th century Russian Empire, known for its secret department:
 * Third Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery
 * Hitler's Chancellery (Kanzlei des Führers), the personal chancellery of Adolf Hitler responsible for Hitler's personal affairs and requests made to Hitler directly.
 * Nazi Party Chancellery, an office of Nazi Germany in the 20th century
 * Reich Chancellery, the building in Berlin housing the Chancellor of Germany and other administrative offices of Germany during the German Empire, Weimar Republic and Nazi periods
 * Royal Chancellery of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from the 16th to 18th centuries

Other uses

 * Chancellory of Scotland, abolished in 1928
 * Chancellery, a type of grappling hold also referred to as a headlock
 * Chancellery of Honours, an office in the Canadian Heraldic Authority, part of the Canadian honours system

title: Chancellery


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Up All Night (Pajama Party album)

Up All Night is the first full-length album by Pajama Party, an American R&B/Dance/Pop female vocal trio from Brooklyn, New York. The album was released on October 23, 1989, by Atlantic Records.

Track listing
CD Edition

Charts
Singles - Billboard (North America)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Up All Night (Pajama Party album)


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Johann Burchard

Johann Burchard, also spelled Johannes Burchart or Burkhart (c.1450–1506) was an Alsatian-born priest and chronicler during the Italian Renaissance. He spent his entire career at the papal Courts of Sixtus IV, Innocent VIII, Alexander VI, Pius III, and Julius II, serving as papal Master of Ceremonies, a position from which he was able to observe most of the important events of the period.

Early life
As his surname suggests Burkhardt was a German born at Niederhaslach in Alsace, (today the Bas-Rhin in France). Of humble origins, he was educated by the collegial chapter of St. Florent in Niederhaslach. He took the degree Doctor of Canon Law (Decretorum Doctor, as he proclaims in his preface to his Ordo Missae), and then, on 4 June 1477, was able to purchase the bourgeois citizenship of Strasbourg. He eventually became secretary to Jean Wegeraufft, the Vicar General of the Bishop of Strasbourg, Ruppert von Simmern. Suspected of trafficking in dispensations from publishing marriage banns, theft of a sword and of a florin, he left his position with the Vicar about 1467. He went to Rome, where he was awarded the expectation of a benefice in Strasbourg, but it was contested in Strasbourg; Burchard won his case before the Roman Rota (court of appeal), but the authorities in Strasbourg refused to recognize the ruling, citing Burchard's previous misdeeds. In Rome, Burchard twice admitted his misdeeds to the authorities, but his standing seems not to have suffered. Burchard was ordained a priest in 1476.

Roman career
Burchard arrived in Rome in November 1481. He first practiced as a lawyer in the Roman Curia. He became a Protonotary Apostolic in February 1481/82, and was appointed Master of Ceremonies to Pope Sixtus IV on 29 November 1483, having bought the office for 450 ducats, with the assistance of Agostino Patrizi, whose colleague he became. He held it until his death on 16 May 1506, successively acting as Ceremoniere to Innocent VIII (1484–1492), Alexander VI (1492–1503), Pius III (1503) and during the early years of Julius II.

On the day of his election, 29 August 1484, Pope Innocent was conducted to his new apartments in the Vatican Palace by the Master of Ceremonies. Burchard took the opportunity, a completely appropriate one, to ask the new Pope for the office of Papal Chamberlain. The Pope replied that he would think about it. Burchard did not pursue the matter, and nothing was done.

In 1490 Burchard was given a leave of absence to return to Strasbourg by Pope Innocent VIII, to begin on 29 June. His diary does not resume until 8 August 1491.

In Rome, Burchard joined the Confraternity of Santa Maria dell'Anima and quickly rose to become its provost. It was while he held the office of Praefectus fabricae that the decision was taken to rebuild the church of Santa Maria dell'Anima as part of the celebration of the Jubilee of 1500. The cornerstone was laid by Matthias Lang, the German ambassador and future cardinal, on 11 April 1500. The church was built in the style of a Hallenkirche that was typical for Northern Europe. Andrea Sansovino was retained as architect by the confraternity. The facade was completed by Giuliano da Sangallo.

Burchard accumulated an array of ecclesiastical benefices in Alsace, including that of the Provost of St. Marien (Basel) (in German) (1475), and Provost of Strasbourg. He was a Canon of the Collegiate Church of S. Thomas in Strasbourg, by papal provision, granted on 31 October 1479. He was also Provost of Basel (1484), and then Dean of Basel (1501).

Among the significant events organised by Burchard as Ceremoniere were: the visit of Don Federigo de Aragon to Rome (December 1493 to January 1494); the coronation of Alfonso II of Naples (May 1494); the reception of Charles VIII of France in Rome (November 1494 to February 1495); the Papal Embassy to the Emperor Maximilian in Milan (July–November 1496); the Proclamation of the Jubilee (Christmas 1499); the visit of Alexander VI to Piombino (January–March 1502); and obsequies of Pope Alexander VI (August 1503). Burchard was also present at the laying of the foundation stone of the new Basilica of St. Peter on 18 April 1506.

Burchard was promoted Bishop of the diocese of Orte and Cività Castellana on 3 October 1503 by Pope Pius III, in acknowledgment of more than twenty years of service as First Master of Ceremonies. He had been promised the bishopric of Nepi and Sutri, as Pius was reminded by Cardinal Ascanio Sforza, but the new pope had already promised that diocese to Antonio de' Alberici. Orte was therefore substituted. Burchard retired in May 1504. Burchard's successor, Paris de Grassis, had already been nominated by the time of the conclave of 1503, in anticipation of Burchard's retirement. In June 1504 Burchard paid a brief visit to his new diocese, and returned again from 4 July until mid-August. He was back in Rome on 15 August for the commemoration of Pope Alexander VI, and then returned again to his diocese, until 8 October 1504.

In 1505 Burchard suffered an attack of "goutte", which kept him confined to his room. Thuasne notices that from this point the entries in his diary are less regular and without the usual historical detail as earlier.

On 21 April 1506, Pope Julius II signed the document appointing Burchard to the office of Abbreviator de Parco Majore in the Papal Curia, for which Burchard had paid 2,400 ducats.

Joannes Burchard died on Saturday evening, 16 May 1506. He was buried in the church of Santa Maria del Popolo at the Flaminian Gate.

Historical importance
Burchard's importance derives from his Liber Notarum, a form of official record of the more significant papal ceremonies with which he was involved. The first volume of the first critical edition of this work was published by E. Celani in 1906 as Johannis Burckardi Liber Notarum ab anno MCCCCLXXXIII usque ad annum MDVI. A second volume followed (1911). Celani's edition collated various earlier printed editions of the work, and a collection of uncertain notations, with Burchard's original manuscript, thereby establishing an important critical edition of this account of the papal court at the end of the fifteenth century.

As Ceremoniere, he was responsible for the publication of a revised edition of the Liber Pontificalis in 1485, and, along with Agostino Patrizi, for the publication of a new edition of the Caeremoniale Episcoporum in 1488. Perhaps Burchard's most enduring publication was the Ordo Servandus per Sacerdotem in celebratione Missae, published under orders from Pope Alexander VI. This book went through numerous editions before its substance eventually made its way into the Normae Generales of the Roman Missal.

His diary records an alleged orgy known as the Banquet of Chestnuts, held by Cesare Borgia in the Papal Palace on 30 October 1501. Mandell Creighton accepts the story as basically true, and he cites the corroborative evidence of a dispatch of the Florentine Ambassador, Francesco Pepi. Maria Bellonci also seems to accept the story. However, Picotti believes the diary should be regarded with some caution regarding entries concerning the Borgias, since it is fairly apparent that Burchard disliked the Borgias.

Burchard's immediate successor as First Master of Ceremonies, Paris de Grassis, left a frank comment on Burchard's character at the beginning of his private ceremonial Diary: "Granted however new and untried I may be, like an ass at the lyre, I shall try to do my duty satisfactorily through frequent efforts and entries year by year. And so I ask that at this beginning as I am recording and explaining the actions of so many prelates, ill-wishing detractors not laugh at my writings, especially my colleague Johannes Burchard, who is much more of an associate in my office than my friend in charity, of which there is none in him. For when he realized that I aspired to his job, from that point he tried everything against me that he had the power and the knowledge to do, and more, and strove to get me dismissed."

The Liber Notarum is still maintained by the papal Ceremoniere.

Though he only described musical details when in the context of innovations or mishaps, his account is an important source for details of papal choir singing. Among other details, he noted the use of polyphony in settings of the Passion, a practice apparently introduced from Spain, and the performance of the now-lost motet Gaude Roma vetus, written in honor of Pope Alexander VI to a text by Johannes Tinctoris.

Burchard's residence, built in 1491, survives and can be seen at Via del Sudario 44, in Rome. Burchard was also known as "Argentinus" from the Latin name for Strasbourg, and the tower on his palace gave the name "Torre Argentina" to the district, still retained in the Largo di Torre Argentina and other names.

In popular culture
Johann Burchard was portrayed by Ralph Nossek in the 1981 BBC-RAI production TV series The Borgias, by Simon McBurney in the 2011 Showtime series The Borgias,  by Victor Schefé in the 2011 French-German series Borgia, and by Shawn Shillingford in the 2018 CNN series Pope: The Most Powerful Man in History.

title: Johann Burchard


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Riccardo Ventre

Riccardo Ventre (born 20 June 1944 in Formicola) is an Italian politician and Member of the European Parliament for Southern with the Forza Italia, part of the European People's Party and is vice-chair of the European Parliament's Committee on Constitutional Affairs.

He is a substitute for the Committee on Regional Development, a member of the Delegation for relations with the Mashreq countries and a substitute for the Delegation to the Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly.

Education

 * Graduate in law
 * Graduate in political science
 * Graduate in philosophy (first class 'cum laude')
 * Specialised in administrative law and the science of administration
 * Specialised in international law and politics at the Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI) of Milan
 * Professor of administrative procedural law at the 'Seconda Università degli Studi' of Naples
 * Professor of public and administrative law at the 'Ezio Vanoni' school of higher education, Rome
 * Former Provincial Commissioner of the Italian People's Party, Regional Commissioner for Campania and member of the national leadership of the CDU
 * Is now national adviser for Forza Italia
 * Former member of the Municipal Council and member of the Municipal Executive of the member of the Provincial Council, Mayor, Chairman of 'mountain borough'
 * Chairman of Board of Directors of public-private joint enterprises, chairman of banking institution promotion committees, chairman of industrial districts
 * Former Member of the Committee on Constitutional Affairs and Governance of the Committee of the Regions
 * Chairman of the Provincial Council of Caserta

title: Riccardo Ventre


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Vincenzo Ludovico Gotti

Vincenzo Ludovico Gotti (5 September 1664 – 18 September 1742) was a Cardinal and theologian of the Roman Catholic Church.

Gotti was born in Bologna. Educated by Jesuits, he entered the Dominican Order at the age of sixteen. After studies in Salamanca in Spain, he was assigned to teach theology and philosophy at various schools of the Dominican Order. In 1688 Gotti was professor of philosophy at the Dominican College of Saint Thomas, the future Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum. He also taught in Mantua and Bologna.

In 1708, Gotti was elected Prior of the Dominican monastery in Bologna. On 30 April 1728 Pope Benedict XIII made him Cardinal Priest and appointed him Patriarch of Jerusalem.

Together with Charles René Billuart, Gotti was the leading proponent of the Thomistic school in his time. His writings include several polemics against Lutherans and Calvinism as well as commentaries on Thomas Aquinas.

Gotti was considered papabile (a serious contender to be elected Pope) at the Papal conclave of 1740, when Cardinal Lambertini said to the College of Cardinals "If you wish to elect a saint, choose Gotti; a statesman, Aldrovandi; an honest man, me".

title: Vincenzo Ludovico Gotti


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Cowiche, Washington

Cowiche (pronounced Cow-witch-ee) is a census-designated place and unincorporated community northwest of Yakima, Washington, near the eastern foothills of the Cascade Mountain range, in central Washington State (US). Cowiche, sometimes spelled Cowychee, is said to mean "footbridge between the valley and the mountains." According to the 2020 census, the town had a population of 535, which is an increase from 428 at 2010.

History
The first inhabitants of the area were the Tkai'waichash-hlama, a band or tribe of Native American people who lived along Cowiche Creek. The area was settled in the late nineteenth century by farmers who relied upon crops that did not require irrigation, such as wheat, barley, rye, and grazing cattle. Homesteading in Cowiche was difficult since fields had to be cleared of volcanic rock before they could be tilled and there was little rainfall in summer. In 1906, construction began on the Tieton Irrigation Project, a division of the broader Yakima Project. Irrigation water became available in 1907, and shortly thereafter, orchards began to replace wheatfields.

Way of Life
Cowiche, along with the neighboring town of Tieton, is served by the Highland School district Highland School District / Homepage. The community takes great pride in its high school sports programs, and in 1988 their varsity men's basketball team won the Washington State A division championship. The boys soccer team also won the state championship in 2006, 2007 & 2015

Most people in the area are involved in agriculture. Cowiche, like much of the Yakima Valley, is known for its apple crops.

Points of interest

 * Cowiche Canyon

title: Cowiche, Washington


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kazuhide Uekusa

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep (no consensus). Mindspillage (spill yours?) 21:04, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

Kazuhide Uekusa
The article which hurt his honor. For the same reason, deletion request nominated and deleted on ja.wikipedia. (Sorry, I cannot write English well.) -- Lusheeta 11:14, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * (Delete) In addition two redirect pages || Eronomist and Tekagamist.Toyoda 12:18, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Japanese peeping-toms aren't necessarily notable--nixie 14:17, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Voyeuristic Professor. Much more notable than most economics professors. Klonimus 03:34, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep, as it seems he was known as an economist before this "incident". The article should probably focus more on his professional and academic accomplishments, though. / Uppland 20:08, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Based on the evidence available in the article, his academic career was not independently notable either. I see no evidence that he passes the recommended "average professor" test.  Delete unless further evidence is presented.  Rossami (talk) 22:53, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. NN. -Casito⇝Talk 23:34, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 04:41, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, since he was a professor and a TV commentator and I'd vote keep in any other circumstances. Agree with Uppland about focus, the peeping thing could be one line. Kappa 05:45, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment/question: one of the linked articles calls him "a well-known economist who was a regularly featured guest on television programs". Is this just a tabloidy exaggeration? He was also a professor at what appears to be a very prestigious university (with the obvious reservations that I know nothing about Japanese universities, and on Wikipedia all universities are prestigious). That the article contains less flattering information is not a reason to delete if he is reasonably notable for other reasons. Uppland 05:58, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Waseda is definitely an "Ivy League" equivalent. Kappa 19:05, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki, belongs in Wikinews. Radiant_* 07:42, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Wikinews is public domain and Wikipedia is GFDL, therefore it is not possible to legally transwiki from here to there. In any case, this news is almost a month old.  ☺ Uncle G 23:52, 2005 Apr 21 (UTC)
 * Keep. When it is translated into English it will be a nice article that sheds light on Japanese culture. --Zero 15:21, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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West End, Queensland

West End is an inner southern suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the, West End had a population of 14,730 people.

The Aboriginal name for the area is Kurilpa, which means place of the water rat.

Geography
Geographically, West End is bounded by the median of the Brisbane River to the west and the south.

Hill End is a neighbourhood (-27.4833°N, 153°W) within West End in the south-west of the suburb near the Brisbane River.

West End is adjacent to the suburbs of South Brisbane and Highgate Hill. These three suburbs make up a peninsula of the Brisbane River.

History
Before the arrival of Europeans in West End, there was an important habitual Aboriginal camp in the area around the upper part of Musgrave Park where Brisbane State High School now stands. Boundary Street in West End and in Spring Hill were named as along with Vulture Street and Wellington Road, they formed the original boundary of the Town of Brisbane. Later, when Brisbane grew out to these boundaries, police prevented the Jagera and Turrbal peoples from being within the boundaries of the British settlement at night and on Sundays. It has been questioned whether the actions of the police were legally sanctioned or not.

The entire riverbank in the West End area was covered with impenetrable rain forest. This was described as a "tangled mass of trees, vines, flowering creepers, staghorns, elkhorns, towering scrub palms, giant ferns, and hundreds of other varieties of the fern family, beautiful and rare orchids, and the wild passion flower". Along the river bank itself were sandy beaches, water lilies in thousands and dangling convolvulus.

Bush rats or fawn-footed melomys existed in large numbers in the rain forest and were hunted by driving them into nets. They were roasted and eaten by women only. They featured in various dreaming tales and tribal lore. The Aboriginal place name of Kurilpa derives from the name Kureel-pa meaning place of water rats. The name is still used for various local places, buildings and institutions in West End and South Brisbane area, e.g. West End was located in the former Electoral District of Kurilpa.

West End was named by early British settlers after the West End of London.

European settlers took advantage of the fertile soil to establish farms and orchards. There were strawberry farms where for an entry fee, visitors could eat all they wanted. A creek ran down from the Dornoch Terrace area into a reservoir at the corner of Melbourne and Manning streets from where water was sold. After heavy rain, this creek caused local flooding in West End. There was a spring near the site of the Boundary Hotel which was used by residents from the south side of Brisbane to collect water with long queues forming in dry periods.

A Primitive Methodist Church opened in Hill End in October 1873.

On 16 August 1875, three schools opened: West End Boys State School, West End Girls State School and West End Infants State School, with a total of 236 pupils. On 30 June 1936, the boys' and girls' schools were merged creating West End State School. The infants' school was merged into West End State School on 16 December 1994. The school was built on a 5 acre site originally set aside to be a cemetery. However, no burials were conducted there as the much larger South Brisbane Cemetery was established in Dutton Park in 1868. In February 1879, the Brighton Road Congregational Church was completed. It was designed by architect John R. Hall and built by Mr E. Lewis from hardwood and chamferboard. It was 50 by 30 ft with a Gothic roof made of shingles. It had a 10 by 10 ft vestry, an ornamental porch and bell turret. The church closed on 21 May 1972. It was on the north-west corner of Brighton Road and Sussex Street (-27.48318°N, 153.012°W). The church building is no longer extant. Tangara retirement village operated by Blue Care opened on the site in October 1980.

In the 1880s, there was industrial development along Montague Road, including the South Brisbane Gas Works, sawmills and a steam joinery.

The farms and orchards were steadily subdivided into suburban allotments which were popular due to the proximity of West End to the city, the river breezes and improving public transport.

West End Wesleyan Methodist Church opened in Vulture Street in 1884. It was designed by Alexander Brown Wilson. It was built from brick at a cost of £2850 and could seat 550 people. Following the amalgamation that created the Uniting Church of Australia in 1977, it became West End Uniting Church. It is listed on the Brisbane Heritage Register. West End was one of the first suburbs of Brisbane to be serviced by a tram line, being opened in 1885. Initially the tram was horse-drawn and terminated in Boundary Street, but in 1897 the line was electrified and extended to the corner of Hardgrave Road and Hoogley Street, via Vulture Street. It was subsequently extended down Hoogley Street to the ferry terminus at the end of Hoogley Street in 1925. The tram line closed on 13 April 1969.

St Peter's Anglican Church was dedicated on 11 September 1888 by Archdeacon Nathaniel Dawes. The church was 58 by 31 ft and made of Oregon pine with a shingle roof. It was designed by H. W. Martin and could seat 175 people. The church was at 18 Mitchell Street (-27.48603°N, 153.00526°W). Its closure on 24 April 1995 was approved by Archbishop Peter Hollingworth. As September 2022, the church building was being used as a childcare centre. It is listed on the Brisbane Heritage Register. The riverside area of West End was badly flooded during the 1893 Brisbane flood.

The West End Library opened in 1925.

The foundation stone for St Francis of Assisi Catholic Church was laid on 10 June 1923 by the Apostolic Delegate, Monsignor Bartolomeo Cattaneo. On 26 November 1923, it was opened and blessed by Archbishop James Duhig. It was quickly realised that the site would not be large enough to build a school, so, in 1926, an 8 acre site immediately across Dornoch Terrace from the church was purchased and the church building relocated to the new site (now 47-59 Dornoch Terrace). On 22 January 1928, St Francis' Catholic Primary School opened adjacent to the church by Archbishop Duhig; the school was operated by the Sisters of Mercy with 113 students on the opening day. In 1928, a convent and a presbytery were also built on the larger site. The school closed in 1974 due to the changing demographics of the area.

The former Tristram's Drink Factory at 79 Boundary Street was built in 1928 and is one of Australia's best examples of the Mission Revival Style architecture. It was converted into a market in the 1990s and remains a heritage landmark of West End.

The Dornoch Terrace Bridge was completed in 1941, replacing an older bridge across Boundary Street built in 1888. The 1941 bridge was a precursor to a new bridge across the Brisbane River to the University of Queensland, which was never built. The 2017 University of Queensland Master Plan is still calling for a bridge from West End.

Christian Outreach College opened on 16 May 1978 in Kurilpa Street, West End. It relocated to Mansfield in 1928, but is now within the suburb boundaries of Carindale in 1982. It is now known as Citepointe Christian College.

In 1988, the Brisbane School of Distance Education was established at 405 Montague Road. It was the amalgamation of the Primary Correspondence School (opened on 24 January 1922), the Secondary Correspondence School (opened in 1958) and the Preschool Correspondence (opened in 1974). It relocated to Coorparoo in 2011.

Scenes for the feature film Jucy (2010) were shot at the now-defunct video store Trash Video in the suburb.

The suburb was affected by the 2010–2011 Queensland floods as the Brisbane River broke its banks. From 11 January low-lying areas of the suburb and other places in Brisbane were evacuated.

Demographics
In the, West End had a population of 8,061 people; 50% male (4,029 males) and 50% female (4,032 females). Just over half (52.4%) of households were family households, 34.6% were single person households and 13.1% were group households. The median age of the West End population was 35 years, 2 years below the Australian median. Children aged under 15 years made up 11.5% of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 8.8% of the population. The suburb has traditionally been home to Brisbane's largest Greek Australian community, with an estimated 75% of Brisbane's Greek population living in West End by 1980. The most common ancestries in West End are English 20.6%, Australian 16.8%, Irish 10.1%, Scottish 8.0% and Greek 5.2%. Indigenous Australians make up 1.5% of the population of West End. For this reason, West End has been described as one of Brisbane's most successful multicultural areas. 56.6% of people living in West End were born in Australia, compared to the national average of 69.8%. The other top responses for country of birth were England 4.5%, New Zealand 3.4%, Vietnam 2.7%, Greece 2.7% and India 1.4%. 66.4% of people spoke only English at home; the next most popular languages were Greek 5.9%, Vietnamese 3.3%, Mandarin 2.0%, Cantonese 1.4% and Spanish 1.1%. The most common religious affiliation was "No Religion" (35.3%); the next most common responses were Catholic 16.5%, Anglican 8.1%, Eastern Orthodox 7.4% and Buddhism 5.2%.

In the, West End had a population of 9,474 people.

In the, West End had a population of 14,730 people.

Heritage listings
West End has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 * 19 Bank Street: Astrea
 * 178 Boundary Road: Kurilpa Library
 * Dornoch Terrace: Dornoch Terrace Bridge
 * 15 Gray Road: Wanda Walha
 * 30 Sussex Street: Brighton Terrace
 * 37 Gray Road: Nassagaweya
 * 277 Montague Road: Gas Stripping Tower
 * 321 Montague Road: West End Gasworks
 * 406 Montague Road: Thomas Dixon Centre
 * 24 Vulture Street (-27.4796°N, 153.0081°W): West End State School

Planning and development
In 2005, just over 50% of the dwellings are standalone houses and 37% are higher density residential properties, including multi-storey blocks of apartments and units. Some houses are covered by historic preservation laws seeking to preserve the historical character e.g. tin roofing. Contrasting sharply with the historic homes are new buildings of contemporary designs. Prices for all types of properties have been increasing dramatically in recent decades. According to REIQ, the median unit/town-house price in West End for 2005 was $310,000, and the median house price is $490,500.

In May 2012, it was announced that the South Brisbane Riverside Neighbourhood Plan would be resubmitted to allow the construction of 12-storey buildings, considerably higher than the previous seven-storey limit. According to the Brisbane City Council's Neighbourhood Planning chairwoman, Amanda Cooper, there are six sites located between Montague Road and the Brisbane River, south of Davies Park, which are at least one-hectare in area, a requirement for construction of the increased building heights.

The nature of some developments has led to community disquiet. The redevelopment of the Absoe site is a high-profile example.

As at January 2023, the median price for the preceding year was $1,682,500 for a house and $587,500 for an apartment. The median weekly rental for the same period was $740 for a house and $520 for an apartment.

Economy
The area's major attraction is its café and restaurant scene, as well as its shopping, which is centred along Boundary Street. It is also known for its high concentration of ethnic and organic grocery stores. Davies Park on the riverside hosts one of the largest farmer's markets in Greater Brisbane every Saturday called the Green Flea Markets. Weekend 'brunch' culture is prevalent in West End, with numerous cafes and restaurants serving the area.

West End has an industrial backbone, in particular, along Montague Road down to Riverside Drive. Given the value of riverside property now that flooding is better managed, factories are now being sold to make way for upscale waterfront apartments. This is part of a plan to increase population densities in near-city suburbs. It will significantly affect the ability of working-class people to remain in the area and change the economic make-up of the area. As such, West End is currently undergoing urban renewal, with a large change in real estate prices, and new development changing the area demographic.

Education
West End State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 24 Vulture Street (-27.4804°N, 153.0083°W). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 1021 students with 71 teachers (61 full-time equivalent) and 32 non-teaching staff (23 full-time equivalent). In 2017, plans to expand the school's site were announced following a purchase of an adjacent block of land.

There is no secondary school in West End. The nearest government secondary school is Brisbane State High School in neighbouring South Brisbane to the east. This school is known for its academic excellence and demand for places outstrips supply. However students within its local catchment area are always able to attend this school, which drives up the price of real estate in suburbs within the catchment like West End as parents seek to buy or rent within the catchment to obtain enrolment in the school.

Transport
The suburb is well serviced by buses and ferries. Bus services include Route 199 BUZ to New Farm-City-West End Ferry, leaving every five minutes during peak times, Route 192 University of Queensland to City, Route 198 Highgate Hill Hail & Ride (Coles West End-PA Hospital-Woolloongabba-Vulture St-Coles West End) and a CityGlider service along Montague Road. Additionally, Route 86 Kurilpa Bus Loop, alternately known as the South Brisbane loop, is a free bus loop servicing parts of South Brisbane and West End that was introduced in January 2023. This loop was introduced partly to compensate for existing infrastructure delays from the Brisbane Metro transport project.

CityCat services leave from the West End ferry wharf in Orleigh Street. The ferry terminal, destroyed in the 2011 floods, was replaced and operating on 24 July 2011.

Culture
West End has a number of galleries and artist-run initiatives which showcase the works of local artists. The neighbouring suburb of South Brisbane, the designated cultural precinct of Brisbane, is home to some of Queensland's most well-regarded cultural education institutions, such as the Queensland College of Art, the Queensland Conservatorium Griffith University, Queensland Performing Arts Centre. However, as Southbank is primarily commercial, many artists and students live in the much larger and residential West End.

Amenities
The Brisbane City Council operates a public library at 178-180 Boundary Street (currently known as West End Library but previously known as Kurilpa Library).

St Francis of Assisi Catholic Church is at 47-49 Dornoch Terrace (-27.48715°N, 153.0088°W). It is part of the Parish of Dutton Park served by the Capuchin Franciscan Friars.

West End Uniting Church is at 113 Vulture St (-27.4813°N, 153.0128°W).

Sport
Queensland Cup rugby league team, the Souths Logan Magpies, play their home games at Davies Park, West End (Bill Tyquin Oval). Prior to 2003, it was the famous Souths Magpies who competed on the Davies Park field, and renowned players such as Mal Meninga, Gary Belcher, Peter Jackson, Mick Veivers, Greg Veivers, Harold 'Mick' Crocker, Frank Drake, Mitch Brennan, Bob Lindner, Ash Lumby, Norm Carr, Richo Hill and Chris Phelan wore the black and white of the club. Current ARLC Chief John Grant was another ex-Souths player, representing Australia from the club, while veteran rugby league coach Wayne Bennett was a premiership-winning mentor with the Magpies in the mid-1980s. During the 1970s and 1980s, the Magpies were an institution in West End with their 1981 and 1985 Brisbane Rugby League grand final victories.

Along the river bank of Milton Reach can be found the rowing sheds of a number of Brisbane secondary schools such as Brisbane Grammar School and Brisbane State High School, as well as rowing clubs. Amongst these is the Commercial Rowing club. It was established in 1877 and is Queensland's oldest amateur sporting club.

The South Brisbane Sailing Club has its club house near Orleigh Park. The club was established in 1903 and has been located in West End since 1956.

Open spaces
, open spaces in West End include: Bunyapa Park at 68 Vulture Street was formerly called West End Urban Common. Its new name was suggested by Aboriginal activist Sam Watson, and the park was officially renamed in December 2017.
 * Boundary Street Park, 349 Boundary Street (-27.49°N, 153.0105°W)
 * Bunyapa Park, 68 Vulture Street (-27.48067°N, 153.01113°W)
 * Davies Park, 349 Boundary Street (-27.4786°N, 153.0044°W)
 * Orleigh Park, 68 Hill End Terrace (-27.4886°N, 152.9984°W)
 * two Ryan Street Parks, 115 & 147 Ryan Street (-27.4901°N, 153.0082°W, -27.4897°N, 153.0073°W)
 * South Brisbane Riverside Lands Park (-27.47476°N, 153.00695°W)
 * West End Community Park, 155 Boundary Street (-27.47976°N, 153.01208°W)
 * West End Riverside Lands Park, 60 Kurilpa Street (-27.4826°N, 152.9999°W)

title: West End, Queensland


text: Category:Rivers of Singapore

title: Category:Rivers of Singapore


text:
Eric Bazilian

Eric M. Bazilian (born July 21, 1953) is an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, arranger and producer. Bazilian is a founding member of the rock band The Hooters. He wrote "One of Us", a song first recorded by Joan Osborne in 1995.

Early life
Eric Bazilian was born on July 21, 1953, at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia to Stanford Bazilian, a psychiatrist, and Barbara Bazilian, a concert pianist. He is Jewish. Bazilian graduated from Germantown Friends School and studied physics at the University of Pennsylvania.

The Hooters
In college, Bazilian met Rob Hyman. Together, they formed The Hooters in 1980. Bazilian sings and plays guitar, mandolin, recorder, harmonica, and saxophone in the band.

In 1983, The Hooters began working on their first album. The result, Amore, was released on the independent label Antenna and sold over 100,000 copies.

The band's second album, Nervous Night (1985), featured the singles “And We Danced”, “Day by Day”, and “All You Zombies”. The album went platinum and sold more than two million copies in the United States.

The Hooters first gained major commercial success in the United States in the mid-1980s due to heavy radio airplay and MTV rotation of several songs, including "All You Zombies", "Day by Day", "And We Danced" and "Where Do the Children Go". The band played at the Live Aid benefit concert in Philadelphia in 1985. In Europe, the Hooters had success with the singles "All You Zombies" and "Johnny B", but the band's breakthrough across Europe came with the single "Satellite". The band played at The Wall Concert in Berlin in 1990.

On May 11, 2004, The Hooters were presented with a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Philadelphia Music Awards.

Other work
In 1995, Bazilian produced and arranged Joan Osborne's major-label debut album Relish. The album was nominated for six Grammy Awards, including Song of the Year for the No. 4 Billboard hit "One of Us," which Bazilian wrote.

Accolades
On November 17, 2000, Bazilian was inducted into the Philadelphia Walk of Fame on the Avenue of the Arts.

On April 21, 2004, Bazilian won an ASCAP Film and Television Music Award for "One of Us" as the theme song for the CBS television series Joan of Arcadia.

Solo career

 * The Optimist (2000)
 * A Very Dull Boy (2002)
 * What Shall Become of the Baby? (2012) (with Mats Wester, as Bazilian & Wester)
 * Bazilian (2021)

title: Eric Bazilian


text:
Marcello Vernola

Marcello Vernola (born 4 March 1961 in Bari) is an Italian politician who was a Member of the European Parliament between 2004 and 2009 for one of the Southern seats. He was a member of Forza Italia, part of the European People's Party and sat on the European Parliament's Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety.

He was a substitute for the Committee on Foreign Affairs, substitute for the Delegation to the EU-Romania Joint Parliamentary Committee.

Education

 * 1986: Graduate in law
 * lawyer dealing with administrative cases
 * 2004: defence counsel at the Court of Cassation
 * 2003: Professor under contract to the University of Bari - School of Specialisation in European Community law
 * Professor under contract to the University of Cassino - Faculty of Law - lecturing on 'public services'

Career

 * 1990-1995: Municipal Councillor of Bari
 * 1996-1991: Member of the National Executive of the DC Youth Movement
 * 1998-2000: Member of the PPI National Council
 * 1999-2004: Chairman of the Provincial Council of Bari
 * 1999-2004: Chairman of the Union of Apulian Provincial Councils
 * 2002-2003: Member of the consultative body for local authorities and for the Mezzogiorno of the 'Margherita' party

title: Marcello Vernola


text:
Palmares (quilombo)

Palmares, or Quilombo dos Palmares, was a quilombo, a community of escaped slaves and others, in colonial Brazil that developed from 1605 until its suppression in 1694. It was located in the captaincy of Pernambuco, in what is today the Brazilian state of Alagoas. The quilombo was located in what is now the municipality of União dos Palmares.

Background
The modern tradition has been to call the community the Quilombo of Palmares. Quilombos were settlements mainly of survivors and free-born enslaved African people. The quilombos came into existence when Africans began arriving in Brazil in the mid-1530s and grew significantly as slavery expanded.

No contemporary document called Palmares a quilombo; instead the term mocambo was used. Palmares was home to not only escaped enslaved Africans, but also to Indigenous peoples, caboclos, and poor or marginalized Portuguese settlers, especially Portuguese soldiers trying to escape forced military service.

Overview
One estimate places the population of Palmares in the 1690s at around 20,000 inhabitants, although recent scholarship has questioned whether this figure is exaggerated. Stuart Schwartz places the number at roughly 11,000, noting that it was, regardless, "undoubtedly the largest fugitive community to have existed in Brazil". These inhabitants developed a society and government that derived from a range of Central African sociopolitical models, a reflection of the diverse ethnic origins of its inhabitants, although Schwartz emphasizes that the residents of Palmares "combined these [sociopolitical models] with aspects of European culture and specifically local adaptations." This government was confederate in nature, and was led by an elected chief who allocated landholdings, appointed officials (usually family members), and resided in a type of fortification called Macoco. Six Portuguese expeditions tried to conquer Palmares between 1680 and 1686, but failed. Finally the governor of the captaincy of Pernambuco, Pedro Almeida, organized an army under the leadership of the Bandeirantes Domingos Jorge Velho and Bernardo Vieira de Melo and defeated a palmarista force, putting an end to the republic in 1694.

Formative period (1620–53)
Palmares was the general name given by the Portuguese in Pernambuco and Alagoas to the interior districts beyond the settlements on the coast, especially the mountain ranges, because there were many palm trees there. As early as 1602, Portuguese settlers complained to the government that their captives were running away into this inaccessible region and building mocambos, or small communities. However, the Portuguese were unable to dislodge these communities, which were probably small and scattered, and so expeditions continued periodically into the interior.

During this time the vast majority of the enslaved Africans who were brought to Pernambuco were from Portuguese Angola, perhaps as many as 90%, and therefore it is no surprise that tradition, reported as early as 1671 related that its first founders were Angolan. This large number was primarily because the Portuguese used the colony of Angola as a major raiding base, and there was a close relationship between the holders of the contract of Angola, the governors of Angola, and the governors of Pernambuco.

In 1630 the Dutch West India Company sent a fleet to conquer Pernambuco, in the context of the Dutch-Portuguese War, during the period of the Iberian Union. Although they captured and held the city of Recife, they were unable (and generally unwilling) to conquer the rest of the province. As a result, there was a constant low-intensity war between Dutch and Portuguese settlers. During this time thousands of enslaved people escaped and went to the Palmares.

Although initially the Dutch considered making an alliance with Palmares against the Portuguese, peace agreements put them in the position of supporting the sugar plantation economy of Pernambuco. Consequently, the Dutch leader John Maurice of Nassau decided to send expeditions against Palmares. These expeditions also collected intelligence about them, and it is from these accounts that we learn about the organization of Palmares in their time.

By the 1640s, many of the mocambos had consolidated into larger entities ruled by kings. Dutch descriptions by Caspar Barlaeus (published 1647) and Johan Nieuhof (published 1682) spoke of two larger consolidated entities, "Great Palmares" and "Little Palmares". In each of these units there was a large central town that was fortified and held 5,000-6,000 people. The surrounding hills and valleys were filled with many more mocambos of 50 to 100 people. A description of the visit of Johan Blaer to one of the larger mocambos in 1645 (which had been abandoned) revealed that there were 220 buildings in the community, a church, four smithies, and a council house. Churches were common in Palmares partly because Angolans were frequently Christianized, either from the Portuguese colony or from the Kingdom of Kongo, which was a Christianized country at that time. Others had been converted to Christianity while enslaved. According to the Dutch, they used a local person who knew something of the church as a priest, though they did not think he practiced the religion in its usual form. Schwartz notes that African religious practices were also preserved and suggests that the depiction of Palmares as a largely Christian settlement is perhaps reflective of confusion or bias on the part of contemporary commentators.

From Palmares to Angola Janga
After 1654 the Dutch were expelled, and the Portuguese began organizing expeditions against the mocambos of Palmares. In the post-Iberian Union period (after 1640), the kingdoms of Palmares grew and became even more consolidated. Two descriptions, one an anonymous account called "Relação das Guerras de Palmares" (1678) (Account of the war of Palmares), the other written by Manuel Injosa (1677), describe a large consolidated entity with nine major settlements and many smaller ones. Slightly later accounts tell us that the kingdom was named "Angola Janga" which according to the Portuguese meant "Little Angola," although this is not a direct translation from a Kimbundu term as one might expect. The two texts agree that it was ruled by a king, which the "Relação das Guerras" named "Ganga Zumba" and that members of his family ruled other settlements, suggesting an incipient royal family. He also had officials and judges as well as a more or less standing army.

Although the "Guerra de Palmares" consistently calls the king Ganga Zumba, and translates his name as "Great Lord" other documents, including a letter addressed to the king written in 1678 refer to him as "Ganazumba" (which is consistent with a Kimbundu term ngana meaning "lord"). One other official, Gana Zona also had this element in his name.

After a particularly devastating attack by the captain Fernão Carrilho in 1676-7 that wounded Zumba and led to the capture of some of his children and grandchildren, Ganga Zumba sent a letter to the Governor of Pernambuco asking for peace. The governor responded by agreeing to pardon Ganga Zumba and all his followers, on condition that they move to a position closer to the Portuguese settlements and return all enslaved Africans that had not been born in Palmares. Although Ganga Zumba agreed to the terms, one of his more powerful leaders, Zumbi refused to accept the terms. According to a deposition made in 1692 by a Portuguese priest, Zumbi was born in Palmares in 1655, but was captured by Portuguese forces in a raid while still an infant. He was raised by the priest, and taught to read and write Portuguese and Latin. At the age of 15, however, Zumbi escaped and returned to Palmares. There he quickly won a reputation for military skill and bravery and was promoted to the leader of a large mocambo.

In a short time, Zumbi had organized a rebellion against Ganga Zumba, who was styled as his uncle, and poisoned him (though this is not proven, and many believe Zumba poisoned himself as a warning not to trust the Portuguese). It is argued that Zumba was sick of fighting, but even more wary of signing the deal with the Portuguese, foreseeing their betrayal, and renewed war. By 1679 the Portuguese were again sending military expeditions against Zumbi. Meanwhile, the sugar planters reneged on the agreement and re-enslaved many of Ganga Zumba's followers who had moved closer to the coast.

From 1680 to 1694, the Portuguese and Zumbi, now the new king of Angola Janga, waged an almost constant war. The Portuguese government finally brought in the famed Portuguese military commanders Domingos Jorge Velho and Bernardo Vieira de Melo, who had made their reputation fighting indigenous peoples in São Paulo and then in the São Francisco valley. These men enlisted existing Pernambuco forces and local indigenous allies, who proved instrumental in the campaign. The final assault against Palmares occurred in January 1694. Cerca do Macaco, the main settlement, fell; accounts suggest a bitter fight that saw 200 inhabitants of Palmares kill themselves rather than surrender and face re-enslavement. Zumbi was wounded. He eluded the Portuguese, but was betrayed, finally captured, and beheaded on November 20, 1695.

Zumbi's brother continued the resistance, but Palmares was ultimately destroyed, and Velho and his followers were given land grants in the territory of Angola Janga, which they occupied as a means of keeping the kingdom from being reconstituted. Palmares had been destroyed by a large army of Indians under the command of white and caboclo (white/Indian mixed-bloods) captains-of-war.

Although the kingdom was destroyed the Palmares region continued to host many smaller runaway settlements, but there was no longer the centralized state in the mountains.

Fighting techniques

Although it is often argued that the inhabitants of Palmares defended themselves using the martial art form called capoeira, there is no documentary evidence that the residents of Palmares actually used this method of fighting. Most accounts describe them as armed with spears, bows, arrows and guns. They were able to acquire guns by trading with the Portuguese and by allowing small-holding cattle raisers to use their land. Guerrilla warfare was common; the inhabitants of Palmares, familiar with the terrain, marshaled camouflage and surprise attacks to their advantage. Fortifications of the Palmares encampments themselves included fences, walls, and traps.

Historiography
In his article "Rethinking Palmares: Slave Resistance in Colonial Brazil," Schwartz challenges somewhat the historiographical conception of Palmares as a straightforward transposition of Angolan culture and sociopolitical structures, writing, "Much of what passed for African 'ethnicity' in Brazil were colonial creations. Categories or groupings such as 'Congo' or 'Angola' had no ethnic content in themselves and often combined peoples drawn from broad areas of African who before enslavement had shared little sense of relationship or identity." Instead, he characterizes Palmares as a hybrid society combining traditions of various African groups. He traces the etymology of the word quilombo to the ki-lombo, a circumcision camp common among the Mbundu people of Angola that served to forge cultural unity among disparate local ethnic groups, and argues that this practice might have informed the diversity of Palmares. He also notes class stratification within the quilombo; those kidnapped in raids were often enslaved by the people of Palmares. He further highlights an economic interdependence between the inhabitants of Palmares and white Portuguese living nearby, manifested in the regular exchange of goods.

Historian Alida C. Metcalf cites recent archeological discoveries at the site of Palmares that "reveal extensive Indian influence" to argue for an "image of the community as one formed by both Indians and Africans seeking freedom."

In movies
A semi-fictional account of Palmares was made into the 1984 Brazilian film by Carlos Diegues, Quilombo.

title: Palmares (quilombo)


text:
Talk:Crafton

I removed this, because it looks like a non-notable company to me:

 * Crafton Group is communications related site development firm, based in Birmingham, Alabama, which offers site acquisition and consulting services to the telecommunication and towers industries. Crafton Communications, Excelsior Construction and Tower Holding form the Crafton Group and compliment each others services.

-- sjorford →•← 11:16, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Crafton


text: User talk:205.222.244.69

title: User talk:205.222.244.69


text:
Harpal Brar

Harpal Brar (born 5 October 1939) is an Indian communist, politician, writer and businessman, based in the United Kingdom. He is the founder and former chairman of the Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist), a role from which he stood down in 2018.

Born in Muktsar, Punjab, British India, Brar has lived and worked in Britain since 1962, first as a student, then as a lecturer in law at Harrow College of Higher Education (later merged into the renamed University of Westminster), and later in the textile business. Brar owns buildings in West London which he uses for CPGB-ML party activity, and he part-owns an online shop called "Madeleine Trehearne and Harpal Brar" which sells shawls.

Brar is the editor of a left-wing political newspaper Lalkar, the former journal of the Indian Workers' Association. Brar has written multiple books on subjects such as communism, Indian republicanism, imperialism, anti-Zionism, anti-colonialism, and the British General Strike. He is also a co-founder of the Hands off China Campaign.

Political activities
Brar joined the Maoist Revolutionary Marxist-Leninist League but soon left to become a founder member of a small group, the Association of Communist Workers, as well as being a member of the Association of Indian Communists.

He and his comrades officially dissolved the ACW in 1997 to join Arthur Scargill's Socialist Labour Party, a breakaway from the Labour Party after its abandonment of the original version of Clause IV. Brar was the parliamentary candidate in Ealing Southall in 2001, coming eighth with 921 votes. He had previously come fourth in the 1997 general election, with 2107 votes. Brar and his comrades worked to bring what they described as an Anti-Revisionist Marxist-Leninist programme to the SLP, but were eventually expelled seven years later.

Scargill expelled the entire Yorkshire Regional Committee and five members of the National Executive Committee. From this, in July 2004, the Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist-Leninist) was formed, and Brar was its chairman.

Adopting positions maintained by Brar and his comrades since the 1960s, the CPGB-ML has been vigorously opposed to all those who work with or in any way endorse the Labour Party since its inception. Its stated aim on formation was to oppose opportunism in the working-class movement, revive the "class against class" programme embodied by the Communist Party of Great Britain during the 1920s, and to work for the establishment of socialism in Britain.

The Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist) was registered with the Electoral Commission in 2008 under the name "Proletarian", which is the title of the bi-monthly newspaper of the CPBG-ML. The party was registered "to prepare for standing in elections".

At the eighth congress of the CPGB-ML in September 2018, Brar announced that he would step down as chairman of the party, to be replaced by Ella Rule.

Views on China
On 19 July 2008, Harpal Brar was one of the people who founded the Hands off China campaign, dedicated to defending the People's Republic of China and to defending "China's sovereignty and territorial integrity" and "the country's just stance on issues of its vital national interest such as Taiwan and Tibet."

Views on India
Brar strongly disagrees with the popular belief that the Indian independence movement was peaceful and pacifist, and was led entirely by Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress. In his book Inquilab Zindabad: India's Liberation Struggle he argues that a violent and bloody class struggle involving the masses took place. He accuses Gandhi and Congress of supporting British imperialism, describing the latter as "the most compromising, cowardly and obscurantist representatives of the India bourgeoisie".

Views on the Soviet Union
Brar defends the governments and leaders of the USSR until the appearance of Khrushchevite revisionism during the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1956. Lalkar, the newspaper edited by Brar, criticises The British Road to Socialism (the programme of the original Communist Party of Great Britain) from its earliest version in 1951 as "un-Marxist" and regards the claim that Joseph Stalin approved it as a "fiction". Brar is seen as an admirer of Stalin and has been attacked as an "anachronism" in the Weekly Worker publication of the Communist Party of Great Britain (Provisional Central Committee), which Brar in turn regards as Trotskyite propaganda.

He has chaired and is an active member of the Stalin Society, along with his daughter Joti Brar (deputy leader of the Workers Party of Britain). The Society denies Soviet wrongdoing in the Katyn massacre which they blame on the Nazis, the Soviet famine of 1932–33 which they blame on foreign sanctions, kulak sabotage and weather patterns, and the Moscow Trials which they describe as fair process.

Publications
For many years, he was on the executive of the Indian Workers Association (GB) and was the editor of that organisation's journal Lalkar. He continues to publish the journal, but the IWA cut its ties with the paper in 1992, when members of the executive committee with affiliations to the Communist Party of India (Marxist) objected to Brar's publishing of an article that was mildly critical of the adoption of market socialism in China.

Since 1992, Brar has self-published fourteen books on various aspects of Marxism, imperialism and revisionism. These works are a combination of original material and articles previously published in Lalkar and have been translated and distributed internationally by a number of sympathetic communist parties around the world.

Works

 * Inquilab Zindabad, India's Liberation Struggle (2014)
 * Revisionism and the Demise of the USSR
 * The 1926 British General Strike
 * Nato's Predatory War Against Yugoslavia
 * Imperialism and War
 * Imperialism – the Eve of the Social Revolution of the Proletariat
 * Chimurenga! The Liberation Struggle in Zimbabwe
 * Imperialism – Decadent, Parasitic, Moribund Capitalism
 * Bourgeois Nationalism or Proletarian Internationalism?
 * Perestroika: The Complete Collapse of Revisionism (1992)
 * Trotskyism or Leninism? (1993)
 * Social Democracy: The Enemy Within (1995)

Elections contested
UK Parliament elections

European Parliament elections

London Assembly elections (Entire London city)

title: Harpal Brar


text:
Marta Vincenzi

Marta Vincenzi (born 27 May 1947) is an Italian politician and former Mayor of Genoa. She was previously a Member of the European Parliament for the North-West of Italy with the Democrats of the Left (DS), part of the Socialist Group from 2004 until she resigned on 29 June 2007.

Vincenzi was born in Genoa. She sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Transport and Tourism, and was a substitute for the Committee on Regional Development and the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality. She was also a member of the Delegation for relations with the Mashreq countries. She served as President of the Province of Genoa from 1993 to 2002. In May 2007 Marta Vincenzi became mayor of Genoa with the Democratic Party. In February 2012 she ran in a primary election to seek a second term as mayor, but lost to independent candidate Marco Doria.

Career

 * Graduate in philosophy
 * Director of studies at an institute of higher education
 * Member of the provincial and regional executives of the Italian Communist Party, the Democratic Party of the Left, and the DS
 * Member of the DS national executive
 * 1990: Member of the Municipal Council of Genoa with responsibility for educational institutions, IT, decentralisation and personnel
 * 1993–2002: President of the Province of Genoa
 * since 2002: Municipal councillor and training adviser delegated by the Provincial Council for the metropolitan area
 * 2003: Vice-chairman of the company Sistema logistico dell'Arco ligure alessandrino s.r.l.
 * 2004: Member of the board of directors of the International Institute of Communications of Genoa

title: Marta Vincenzi


text:
Electronegativities of the elements (data page)

WEL
As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:
 * A.L. Allred, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1961, 17, 215.
 * J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter in Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th edition, HarperCollins, New York, USA, 1993.

CRC
As quoted from these sources in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 9, Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy; Electronegativity
 * Pauling, L., The Nature of the Chemical Bond, Third Edition, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1960.
 * Allen, L.C., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111, 9003, 1989.

LNG
As quoted from these sources in: J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4; Table 4.5, Electronegativities of the Elements.
 * L. Pauling, The Chemical Bond, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1967.
 * L. C. Allen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111:9003 (1989).
 * A. L. Allred J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 17:215 (1961).

Allen Electronegativities
Three references are required to cover the values quoted in the table.
 * L. C. Allen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111:9003 (1989).
 * J. B. Mann, T. L. Meek and L. C. Allen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122:2780 (2000).
 * J. B. Mann, T. L. Meek, E. T. Knight, J. F. Capitani and L. C. Allen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122:5132 (2000).