text:
The New Party (UK, 2003)

The New Party was a neoliberal political party in the United Kingdom active between 2003 and 2010. The party described itself as "a party of economic liberalism, political reform and internationalism". It supported a smaller role for the state, a significant reduction in bureaucracy, renegotiation with the European Union and a strengthening of the special relationship with the United States.

The party was founded as the Scottish People's Alliance, standing at the 2003 Scottish Parliamentary Elections and receiving 7,718 votes (0.4%). The New Party did not stand in the 2005 general election.

Founding
The New Party has its origins in the initiative A New Party for Britain launched in late 2002, at a time when speculation about the possibility of a split in the UK Conservative Party was rife, during the leadership of Iain Duncan Smith. Before the launch, the party announced in January 2003 that it planned to scrap the Scottish Parliament, and it was decried by David McLetchie, the leader of the Scottish Conservatives, as "fascist and undemocratic." The party was officially launched on 14 March 2003, when the party was founded under the name Peoples Alliance [sic], with funerals businessman Howard Hodgson as its spokesman. The launch was timed to coincide with the Conservative Party Spring Conference the next day in Harrogate. Senior figures included Jenny Ungless, Iain Duncan Smith's former chief of staff, Charlotte Kenyon, a former Conservative Party press officer, and Mark Adams, a former Conservative Party official. The head of policy in Scotland was Bruce Skivington.

Scottish Parliament elections
The initial policy programme of the party had two main planks: direct democracy, with all legislation subject to popular referendum; and Universal Benefit, a direct payment from the state to every citizen as a replacement for the current benefits system. A reduction of the voting age to 16 was also proposed. Taxes would be cut by 3p. The pledge to scrap the Scottish parliament was dropped, but the party pledged to sell the Holyrood Scottish Parliament Building, and to reduce the number of parliamentarians in Holyrood and Westminster and also to have an all-elected House of Lords. Alan Cochrane in the Daily Telegraph commented that "the Scottish People's Alliance appears to offer a mish-mash of policies, which are for the most part half-baked – but not all that more so than many of the offerings from parties of much longer standing. And if they get their act together in time they might well appeal. Their most immediate problem appears to be that they have not got their act together in anything like enough time."

The party decided to contest the Scottish Parliamentary Election in May 2003, fielding 16 candidates. However, the party received a small proportion of the vote and won no seats. This was despite the fact that two of the Peoples Alliance candidates, Lyndsay McIntosh and Keith Harding, were outgoing Conservative Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs). They had defected after being ranked further down the Conservative list for the election.

The New Party
Disappointed with its performance after spending £188,889 on the election, the party was relaunched in October 2003 with a revamped manifesto (direct democracy and Universal Benefit were dropped) and a revised statement of philosophy and principles, under the name 'The New Party'.

The party took no part in the 2004 European Parliament Elections. At the end of 2004, United Kingdom Independence Party MEP Robert Kilroy-Silk approached the New Party with a view to becoming leader. The executive declined 5 to 4, and several senior members of the New Party subsequently departed to join Kilroy-Silk's Veritas party at its launch in February 2005, including policy director Jonathan Lockhart, Richard Vass, the first party chairman of Veritas, and Patrick Eston, Kilroy-Silk's successor as leader.

The New Party did not contest the 2005 General Election.

In 2007 a member and two times local election candidate for the New Party, Stewart Dimmock, with backing from Viscount Monckton, the author of the party's first manifesto, launched a partly successful court case to seek to prevent the showing of the film An Inconvenient Truth in UK schools claiming that the film is political rather than scientific in nature. The court ruled that the film could be shown in schools only if teachers pointed out nine errors.

In July 2008 David Pinder, the national spokesman, became the party's first UK parliamentary candidate at the Haltemprice and Howden by-election, polling 135 votes.

In August 2009 Richard Vass was named leader, declaring the party's intention to contest the 2010 General Election.

On 1 July 2010, the New Party was de-registered with the Electoral Commission and is no longer able to field candidates.

Policy
The New Party describes its philosophy as follows: "The New Party is a party of economic liberalism, political reform and internationalism. We stand for individual freedom and personal responsibility in preference to state control. We believe that only by empowering individuals and their families to take more control of their lives can we promote a spirit of mutual responsibility and respect in society as a whole."

The New Party favours small government with a flat-tax regime and measures to increase individual freedom and self-reliance, as well as deregulation of business and industry. The party recommends wholesale reform of the welfare state with measures to reduce welfare dependency, and reduction of state control of public services, including reform of the National Health Service.

The New Party proposes various reforms of parliament, including adopting the Alternative Vote system for electing the House of Commons, an appointed and non-political House of Lords, and measures to strengthen the independence of the Civil Service.

The party regards itself as internationalist in outlook, which it interprets as support for democratic governments and human rights worldwide. The party is rather more cautious with regard to international organisations such as the European Union and the United Nations. After espousing a robust eurosceptic position, the party has latterly reverted to a more equivocal stance towards the European Union. It has also been critical of the United Nations as an undemocratic body without moral authority.

In foreign policy the party has adopted a liberal interventionist or neo-conservative approach and has been strongly supportive of the War on Terror, and British and American military intervention in Iraq and Afghanistan.

The most recent published policy statement of the New Party is the Manifesto for a World Class Nation, published in 2005.

Organisation
The party chairman, founder and chief financial backer of the New Party was Scottish millionaire businessman Robert Durward. The Party is governed by a National Policy Committee for the UK as a whole, and by a Scottish Policy Committee in Scotland.

The New Party was well-funded thanks to the financial support of its chairman, and the party had a small full-time staff from the outset, with three full-time staff at the offices at Almondvale football ground in Livingston and two at Mark Adams' office in London in 2003. Duward's company Cloburn Quarry funded the Peoples Alliance with £490,000 in 2003, and gave the New Party £284,000 in 2004, £393,000 in 2005, £135,000 in 2006, £209,093 in 2007, and £125,000 in 2008. Friends of the Earth suggested when the party launched in 2003 that the motivation for the party was Duward's opposition to a tax on the extraction of construction aggregate.

Subsequent analysis of records at the Electoral Commission shows that Durward's company Cloburn was the only registered donor to The New Party during its lifetime, donating £1,382,819.88.

Local elections
On 30 March 2006 Donald McDiarmid contested a local council by-election in the Borestone ward in Stirling, polling just 18 votes (1.9%).

At the local government elections in England on 4 May 2006, five New Party candidates stood in five separate local government areas in Hertfordshire, Lancashire and Yorkshire, averaging 204 votes (8.7%).

In a by-election for Dover Town Council in October 2006 Stewart Dimmock, the New Party candidate, polled 139 votes (27.0%).

title: The New Party (UK, 2003)


text:
John Bardon

John Bardon (born John Michael Jones, 25 August 1939 – 12 September 2014) was an English stage and screen actor. He was awarded the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Musical in 1988 (1987 season) for Kiss Me, Kate, sharing the award with co-star Emil Wolk. He was best known for playing the patriarch of the Branning family, Jim Branning, in the BBC soap opera EastEnders, for 15 years from 1996 to 2011.

Early life and amateur acting
John Michael Jones was born in Brentford, Middlesex; his father was a shipping clerk who formerly ran a building business. "Bardon" was his grandmother's maiden name. His early acting experience was with a group called The Taverners, who played in pubs. He then appeared in productions by the Civil Service drama group, which toured theatres in Germany and Austria.

Acting career
Bardon became a professional actor in 1970 at the age of 31, joining a repertory company in Exeter. He may be best known for having played Jim Branning in EastEnders. His character, the father of established character Carol Jackson, first appeared briefly in 1996. The character of Jim returned to the series in 1999 and this time became a regular character, later marrying Dot Cotton (June Brown). Bardon filmed his final scenes for EastEnders in March 2011 after years of poor health.

He also was a regular in Rumpole of the Bailey, as a member of the "clan Timson, a family of South London villains", as described by Rumpole. He had made notable guest appearances in Dad's Army in 1975 in the episode "Ring Dem Bells" (in addition to this, he played Private Walker in the 1975–76 stage adaptation of Dad's Army, as original television actor James Beck had died in 1973) and Are You Being Served? in 1976 in the episode "No Sale". He also starred in the British police drama The Sweeney, in which he played villain Doc Boyd in the episode "Faces", first broadcast on Monday 8 September 1975. In the same year, he also appeared as a bookmaker in the film One of Our Dinosaurs is Missing. In 1978 he was cast as Del Rogers in G. F. Newman's Law and Order on BBC2. In 1980 he appeared in an episode of Hi-de-Hi!.

In 1982 he appeared on Channel Four as legendary comedian Max Miller in Here's a Funny Thing in a reprise of the role from the stage version of the production which had been seen at Liverpool Playhouse, the Edinburgh Fringe and the Fortune Theatre in L in the much-acclaimed BBC drama, Johnny Jarvis (Nigel Williams).Also appeared as a The Children Film Foundation (CFF) Friend or Foe as In 1984, he had a guest role as "Constable Palk" in The Body in the Library, and appeared as a night porter in the film version of Ordeal by Innocence the following year. In 1986 he played the Head of Security for a supermarket in an episode of Only Fools and Horses from series five called "The Longest Night", in the same year he appeared as a Railway ticket collector in the film Clockwise. In 1989, he appeared in Agatha Christie's Poirot in the episode "Four and Twenty Blackbirds". The same year he also appeared in an episode of the TV series Minder, playing a gambling villain.

In October 1990 he played former boxer, Jack Morris in the series 5 episode "Hiding Place" of Casualty. From 1992 to 1993 he appeared in Get Back (TV series).

He was a guest star in two episodes of Coronation Street in the early 1990s. He appeared as the father of Daryl Stubbs in Birds of a Feather (in 1991 and again in 1998), and played an asylum warden in the 1996 TV adaptation of Gulliver's Travels. In 1997, he appeared briefly as one of the zoo customers in the film comedy Fierce Creatures, and 2 years later he appeared in the film East Is East as Mr. Moorhouse.

Other appearances
Bardon appeared on the BBC show Just the Two of Us. His singing partner was Jocelyn Brown and the pair finished fourth. Bardon also made an appearance in the sitcom Desmond's, in a two part episode of the second series in which he played a police officer.

He has also appeared in Birds of a Feather as the father of Daryl Stubbs.

He was the subject of This Is Your Life in 2003 when he was surprised by Michael Aspel on the EastEnders set.

Personal life
Prior to his work in EastEnders, Bardon worked as a shuttle driver at Heathrow Airport. In June 2002, he married Enda Gates.

On 14 June 2007, Bardon was admitted to hospital after suffering a major stroke at home. In November 2007, it was reported that he was making steady progress, when he opened a new stroke ward at the Queen Elizabeth II Hospital in Welwyn Garden City. It was reported on 27 December 2007 that Bardon had walked for the first time in six months.

On 8 August 2008, Bardon was rushed to hospital with a second suspected stroke. It was confirmed on 5 October 2008 that Bardon had returned home. On 9 November, June Brown confirmed that he would appear in EastEnders again on Christmas Day. Jim was seen on screen briefly on 4 December 2008, when his son Jack went to see him in the care home. Bardon returned to work at EastEnders full-time in June 2009 and was on screen from 20 August 2009.

Bardon's last appearance was aired on 26 May 2011, when his character Jim left Albert Square to move into a care home. On the morning of 12 September 2014, Bardon died of a third stroke at the Romford Grange Care Home, in Collier Row, Romford. News of his death was announced later that day, and the episode of EastEnders that was broadcast that evening was dedicated to his memory.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: John Bardon


text:
Pierre Christin

Pierre Christin (born 27 July 1938) is a French comics creator and writer.

Biography
Christin was born at Saint-Mandé in 1938.

After graduating from the Sorbonne, Christin pursued graduate studies in political science at SciencesPo and became a professor of French literature at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City. His first comics story, Le Rhum du Punch, illustrated by his childhood friend Jean-Claude Mézières, was published in 1966 in Pilote magazine. Christin returned to France the following year to join the faculty of the University of Bordeaux. That year he again collaborated with Mézières to create the science-fiction series Valérian and Laureline for Pilote. The first episode was Les Mauvais Rêves (Bad Dreams).

In addition to the ongoing Valerian, Christin has written several other comics one-shots, including The City That Didn't Exist (La Ville qui n'existe pas), The Black Order Brigade (Les Phalanges de l'ordre noir) and The Hunting Party (Partie de chasse) (all illustrated by Enki Bilal). Among the many European comics artist he has collaborated with are Enki Bilal, Jacques Tardi, Alexis, Raymond Poïvet, Jijé, Annie Goetzinger, Daniel Ceppi, and François Boucq. He has also written screenplays and science-fiction novels.

Awards

 * 1976: Angoulême International Comics Festival, Best French Author
 * 1986: Angoulême International Comics Festival, Library Readers Award, for La voyageuse de la petite ceinture
 * 1995: Haxtur Awards, Spain, nominated for Best Short Comic Strip, for El Círculo del poder (The Circles of Power)
 * 1997: Angoulême International Comics Festival, Tournesol Award, for Les otages de l’Ultralum (Hostages of the Ultralum)
 * 1996: Max & Moritz Prizes, Germany, Best International Writer
 * 2019: Angoulême International Comics Festival René Goscinny award

title: Pierre Christin


text:
Talk:Jan Bulis

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot 15:38, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jan Bulis


text:
Robert Cowley

Robert Cowley is an American military historian, who writes on topics in American and European military history ranging from the Civil War through World War II. He has held several senior positions in book and magazine publishing and is the founding editor of the award-winning MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History; Cowley has also written extensively and edited three collections of essays in counterfactual history known as What If?

As part of his research he has traveled the entire length of the Western Front, from the North Sea to the Swiss border.

Cowley lives in New York City, Connecticut and Newport, Rhode Island.

Early life and education
Cowley is the son of prominent writer and literary critic Malcolm Cowley and Muriel Mauer. He attended Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire, graduating in 1952. Thereafter, he earned an A.B. degree in history in 1956 from Harvard College in Massachusetts.

Personal life
He was married to Blair Cowley; they later divorced and she remarried to artist Paul Resika. They had two daughters, Elizabeth and Miranda. Miranda Cowley, is married to film producer and director Bruno Heller, son of screenwriter Lukas Heller and grandson of political philosopher Hermann Heller. Cowley was married to Susan Cheever, daughter of novelist John Cheever from 1967 to 1975. He married Edith Lorillard, daughter of Elaine Lorillard, who founded the Newport Jazz Festival, in 1978. They have two daughters, Olivia Wassenaar and Savannah Cowley.

Works

 * 1918: Gamble for Victory. The Greatest Attack of World War I, by Robert Cowley, New York, Macmillan Books, 1964.
 * Fitzgerald and the Jazz Age, by Malcolm Cowley and Robert Cowley, New York, Scribner, 1966.
 * The Rulers of Britain, by Robert Cowley, New York, Stonehenge Press, 1982, ISBN 0-86706-068-9.
 * Experience of War, ed. Robert Cowley, New York, Random House, 1993, ISBN 0-440-50553-4
 * The Reader's Companion to Military History, by Robert Cowley and Geoffrey Parker, New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1996, ISBN 978-0-618-12742-9
 * No End Save Victory: Perspectives on World War II, edited by Robert Cowley, New York, Putnam, 2001, ISBN 978-0-425-18338-0
 * With My Face to the Enemy: Perspectives on the Civil War, ed. Robert Cowley, New York, Putnam, 2001, ISBN 978-0-7126-7946-6
 * West Point: Two Centuries of Honor and Tradition, edited by Robert Cowley and Thomas Guinzburg, New York: Warner Books, 2002. ISBN 0-446-53018-2
 * The Great War: Perspectives on the First World War, ed. Robert Cowley, New York, Random House, 2003, ISBN 978-1-84413-419-9
 * The Cold War, ed. Robert Cowley, New York, Random House, 2006, ISBN 978-0-8129-6716-6
 * What If? The World’s Most Foremost Military Historians Imagine What Might Have Been, ed. Robert Cowley, New York, Putnam, 1999, ISBN 0-425-17642-8
 * What If? 2 Eminent Historians Imagine What Might Have Been, ed. Robert Cowley, New York, Putnam, 2001, ISBN 0-399-14795-0
 * What Ifs? of American History, ed. Robert Cowley, New York, Putnam, 1999, ISBN 0-399-15091-9

title: Robert Cowley


text:
Talk:New Party (UK)

I have moved the information on the new New Party to its own page. The New Party (UK).

--Ebz 18:40, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Mosley Manifesto = Mosley Memorandum?
Shouldn't the Mosley Manifesto rather be the Mosley Memorandum? That's what it's called in Robert Skidelsky's biography of Mosley. /Nicke L 11:24, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:New Party (UK)


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Talk:Ice hockey at the 1948 Winter Olympics

Exclusion of USA's games
The IOC did not invalidate USA's games from the tournament. If they had done so, Czechoslovakia, at plus-61, would have been the winner and not Canada, at plus-55. Rather, Canada, at plus-64, took the gold, while Czechoslovakia, at plus-62, took silver. As is, the article gives no explanation for why Canada took gold and not Czechoslovakia. I would like to add USA's games to the list if there are no objections. Joel225sp 07:46, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

 * You wrote about 69 minus 5 (or 57 minus 2) and 80 minus 18 (or 76 minus 15). But Canada took gold because of quotient (69 div 5 (or 57 div 2) is much better than 80 div 18 (76 div 15)). --85.160.36.28 13:10, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

Thank you 85.160.36.28. Quotient was indeed the determining factor, according to http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/hockey/024002-119.01-e.php?=&=&hockey_id_nbr=114.

It is curious to note the number of variations in tiebreaker systems during this period of IIHF history. If this same quotient tiebreaker had been used in 1952, Czechoslovakia would have taken the bronze in place of Sweden. Then we had the strange matter in 1964, a decision which finally went in Czechoslovakia's favor. Joel225sp (talk) 21:04, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

 * passionhockey.com indicates that while the USA was stricken from the olympic standings, they remain 4th in the world championships.18abruce (talk) 19:14, 25 May 2011 (UTC)

discrepancies
There are some issues of disagreeing accounts of what the official details should be. I have added to the article that the americans remain fourth in the world championship standings because the iihf did not have an issue with their entrant, the ioc did. Passion hockey lists them as fourth for the worlds, the official IIHF encyclopedia lists them fourth in the standings, though strangely indicates that there were only eight nations competing in the tournament, so I acknowledge that it is not conclusive. As for the matter of the tie-breaker, sources differ on whether it is goal difference or goal average (or quotient). The official encyclopedia indicates average, the cited source says difference, the tsn page says both (another good job tsn!!!), passionhockey.com says average, but also says the difference is two goals, not following the french there I guess. The official report seems to indicate the goal average is what matters, and seeing as that agrees with the IIHF encyclopedia, I will change it.18abruce (talk) 04:27, 22 May 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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text:
Oracle Application Development Framework

In computing, Oracle Application Development Framework, usually called Oracle ADF, provides a Java framework for building enterprise applications. It provides visual and declarative approaches to Java EE development. It supports rapid application development based on ready-to-use design patterns, metadata-driven and visual tools.

Supported technologies
Based on the MVC architecture. Oracle ADF can support any combination of the following:

Model

 * Web Services - both SOAP and REST
 * TopLink - and EclipseLink
 * JavaBeans
 * POJO - simple Java classes (Plain Old Java Objects)
 * ADF Business components(entity object, view object)
 * Portlets
 * CSV and XML files
 * SQL Queries

Controller

 * JavaServer Faces (JSF)
 * ADF Task Flows - extension of the JSF controller layer that adds complete process flow and reusability aspects.
 * Struts
 * Jspx (JavaServer Pages, XML compliant variation of the JSP standard)

View

 * Swing
 * JavaServer Pages (JSP)
 * JavaServer Faces (JSF)
 * ADF Faces - an Oracle implementation of JavaServer Faces
 * Facelets
 * ADF Mobile browser - based on Apache Trinidad
 * Excel through ADF desktop integration

The Oracle JDeveloper free Integrated Development Environment provides a graphical interface for creating data-management applications using ADF.

Oracle also offers Eclipse based tooling for ADF in Oracle Enterprise Pack For Eclipse.

Implementers can deploy Oracle ADF applications on Java EE-compliant containers. Oracle WebLogic and IBM WebSphere are officially supported. Users of the free ADF Essentials edition can buy support for these applications on GlassFish.

History
Oracle Corporation has marketed parts of Oracle ADF since 1999 — specifically ADF Business Components — then known as "JBO" and later as "BC4J" ("Business Components for Java").

The ADF architecture with the generic model/binding layer was introduced with JDeveloper 9.0.5.

In June 2006 Oracle Corporation donated the ADF Faces component library to Apache Trinidad. (ADF Faces, Oracle's JSF implementation, includes over 100 components.) In September 2012 Oracle introduced a free version of the core Oracle ADF technologies under the name "Oracle ADF Essentials". For more information, see http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/developer-tools/adf/overview/components-1844931.html.

Licensing
Oracle ADF Essentials is a free to develop and deploy packaging of the key core technologies of Oracle ADF. See the license terms for Oracle ADF Essentials: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/licenses/adf-essentials-license-1837221.html For the "full" Oracle ADF: The Oracle Application Server licence includes a component for a license fee for Oracle ADF. This means that all users who have purchased an Oracle Application Server licence may use Oracle ADF for free. Users who want to deploy ADF to a third-party application-server can purchase an ADF runtime license at their local Oracle sales office. Users can develop and test Oracle ADF applications free of charge exclusively within Oracle JDeveloper.

Oracle Corporation purchased WebLogic in June 2008, and thus no longer regards it as a third-party application-server, so ADF is included in every WebLogic license.

Supported customers can get access to the source code for Oracle ADF through a request to Oracle Support.


text: Talk:Ice hockey at the 1932 Winter Olympics


text:
Mateba

Mateba, a contraction of the Italian words Macchine Termo-Balistiche (Thermo-Ballistic Machines), was an Italian machine manufacturer based in Pavia, Italy. It is better known for its low-barrelled revolver pistols that it produced under the leadership of Emilio Ghisoni. After a change in ownership and poor sales, the Mateba company closed in 2005, but reopened in 2014 in Montebelluna under the ownership of Domenico Libro. In 2022 this latest incarnation of Mateba was shut down, owing to allegations of fraud and violations of Italian firearms law.

Products

 * MT1, .22long rifle semi-automatic sport pistol
 * MTR Series - (MTR equals Ma Teba Revolver) family of double/single action all-steel revolvers in which Ghisoni placed the barrel as low as possible with the cylinder in front of the triggerguard and using high-capacity cylinders. The MTR series were designed for Rapid Fire competition shooting, with barrel weights, and the low muzzle  to minimize climb;
 * MTR-8 - 8 rounds of .38 caliber ammunition,
 * MTR-12 - 12 rounds of .32 caliber ammunition,
 * MTR-14 - 14 rounds of .22LR.
 * 2006M - 6 rounds of .357/.38 caliber ammunition
 * Model 6 Unica (generally known simply as the Mateba or the Mateba Autorevolver), available in .357 magnum, .41 magnum, .44 magnum, and .454 Casull.
 * Grifone Carbine- 18 inch barrel version of the Model 6 Unica in two versions:
 * one with wood furniture finishes, overfolding barrel and in .357-Magnum,
 * with fixed stock, stainless steel and wooden finishes, and in .44-Remington Magnum.

title: Mateba


text:
Talk:Ice hockey at the 1936 Winter Olympics

Nationality
Since this page is for the 1936 games, if someone could indicate which UK players were actual Canadians, then it would relate.

 * Only Gordon Dailley was born in Canada, the rest were all born in Great Britain... though some learned how to play the game in Canada. Certain ice hockey fans like to "exagerate" where the players were actually from because its probably embrassing for Canada to lose at their main sport to Great Britain. :p - Yorkshirian (talk) 03:18, 2 June 2008 (UTC)
 * TSN for one exaggerates by saying that 11 of the UK players were born in Canada, obviously untrue. However, the star of the UK team (Foster) was Scottish born but clearly a Canadian citizen.  He was blocked from competing by the CAHA, but Canada allowed him (and Archer) to play.  Podneiks states in his book that these olympics were the basis of new tougher rules for "country jumping."  These were not players who merely learned the game in Canada, they were Canadian, and though sometimes exaggerated, it was not, and is not embarassing to lose to some of the best amateur  Canadian hockey players of their time.18abruce (talk) 19:08, 25 May 2011 (UTC)

Games

 * In the medal round, it lists each team's record and shows the games played. However, the records indicate that each team played three games, and it only shows two games for each team. Does anybody know the actual results? I'll look into this... The Disco King 21:45, 23 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Nevermind, I figured it out. I've added an explanation of the medal round and removed the stub tag from the bottom of the page - I don't think it really applies anymore...The Disco King 22:46, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

Canadian Players
This website shows a slightly different roster than the one in the article. AMCKen (talk) 19:05, 2 October 2010 (UTC)

please be more specific experts
Since as a hockey enthousiast these outcomes seem rather surprising, is this comparable to the miracle on ice for the UK. If it isnt because there where many NHLers or those who played in Canada why did this only happen once? Why did uk become a medal contender in the future? As of right now it seems as shocking as say Latvia or Belarus winning the Olympic gold in hockey.

please be more specific experts
Since as a hockey enthousiast these outcomes seem rather surprising, is this comparable to the miracle on ice for the UK. If it isnt because there where many NHLers or those who played in Canada why did this only happen once? Why did uk become a medal contender in the future? As of right now it seems as shocking as say Latvia or Belarus winning the Olympic gold in hockey. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.230.3.250 (talk) 15:33, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

Bias
The way the article currently reads seems somewhat bias, as if it's attempting to put the British team in a negative light. Inferring the win was more for Canada than Britian. Specifically, the line: "While only one player on the team was born in Canada, nine of the thirteen players on the roster grew up in Canada, and eleven had played previously in Canada. Could this be written with less a bias tone? "Stuartea (talk) 16:56, 5 February 2012 (UTC)
 * There was (and still is) a significant amount of controversy over the roster of the British team. I am not sure bias is the issue, but perhaps more explanation of what the issue was at the time is needed.  What I mean is, if you read an encyclopedia, or Podniecks book on the history of the Olympics, the issue of the nationality of the British roster is what is primarily discussed.  According to Wallechinsky (The Complete Book of the Olympics) the americans believed that the British cheated, ignored the rules, and simply went unpunished. According to Phil Drackett (Total Hockey) the CAHA would never have allowed the British to use Foster and Archer if they believed that they had a chance to win.  I understand how it could read, however, highlighting the primary story about the event is what an encyclopedia is supposed to do.  I do not believe it is biased, but I think it lacks adequate content about the event itself.18abruce (talk) 21:07, 22 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Bruce, I think you're exactly right, thank you for the input - with that further detail it would make more sense as to why the article mentions their nationalities.Stuartea (talk) 18:57, 10 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Just wanted to add a thank you to Bruce for adding a great deal of clarity to this article. I've removed the POV banner. Stuartea (talk) 19:25, 17 May 2012 (UTC)

 * I think there's still major problem with the text as it is at the moment. The sentences "The CAHA, upon discovering that the rosters of the British and French teams were made up of primarily Canadians, whom they believed were ineligible, lodged a protest, and suspended the players in question. As a result, the IIHF voted unanimously to ban Alex Archer and James Foster, however before tournament play began, Canada withdrew their protest." appear to suggest that the Canadians protested against the British team on the grounds that some of the players were not eligible to play for Great Britain. This was never the case. The Canadian protest was against Archer and Foster on the grounds that they had left Canada to join a British club without asking permission from the CAHA. I don't have the book quoted as a reference but I could point out some original news reports at google news and a number of other books to back my case. However I'll hold off editing it until I get some feedback. No point in starting an edit war. Topcardi (talk) 19:46, 17 May 2012 (UTC)

 * The CAHA believed many players on both the French and British teams were ineligible, the key term being "believed". A book on the history of the Olympics, the official history book of the NHL, and the Passionhockey.com all agree on this.  If it was only about two players on the British roster, why the protest against the French team?  If their protests were baseless, provide the evidence for that, IOC rules, or LIHG rules, whatever.  We know that the IIHF ruled unanamously about "Foster and Archer" but we don't know if their other protests were dismissed or ignored.  The American source for the Olympics believes "ignored", the French source dosen't say but indicates that the French contemplated boycotting over Canada's accusations, and says that the Canadians did not drop their protest with them.  It has never been in doubt that the Canadians believed many players to be ineligible, but the evidence suggests (to me) that the existing rules (unless your sources say this Tocardi) could not stop anyone but Archer and Foster.  I am not trying to be combative, but trying to present what other encyclopedias say as being true.18abruce (talk) 20:17, 17 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Actually I agree with you about the protests about the French team but the protests aginst GB were never about nationality. Here's a quote from this book http://www.icehockeyuk.co.uk/pride-glory--p175605 concerning a meeting at the 1936 Olympics."Ab Gilroy of the CAHA addressed the meeting and said "We do not claim against the composition of the British team, or question its' nationality nor question its' professionalism. We question only the application, in other countries, of sanctions madde by Canada". Basically the argument against the French players like this guy http://www.baseball-reference.com/bullpen/Frank_Cadorette is that they were not French citizens but that argument couldn't be made against the Brits. To be honest I think the Canadian sources suffer from historical revisionism. Topcardi (talk) 20:58, 17 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Which is why I used no Canadian sources at all, the primary statement came from france, and was supported by two american sources, there are no Canadian sources cited in this article. I appreciate the point you raise though, and the sources, it raising some strange questions about citizenship in that era then dosen't it?  Podnieks takes some issue with what he calls "country jumping" in regards to the British roster, and states that roster rules had to be made more specific after that tournament.  His was the only Canadian source I had available and I chose not to use it despite the fact that he was writing on behalf of the IIHF, because of the fear of the appearance of bias.  Change whatever you like, make sure you take into account that you are disagreeing with people who were paid to write on the subject who were from neither Canada nor the UK.18abruce (talk) 21:47, 17 May 2012 (UTC)
 * My last statement reads as rather arrogant, I apologize18abruce (talk) 22:03, 17 May 2012 (UTC)
 * I certainly didn't read it as arrogant so no offence was taken. I'll have a good think about this and try to work something that's fair to both sides over the weekend. I'm pretty sure Podnieks is correct that the rules were tightened after 1936. I think hockey's now got tighter restrictions on who can play for national team than pretty much any other sport. I think the problem prior to WW2 is that the concept of Canadian citizenship didn't exist in a legal sense. Everybody in the British Empire was a British subject and that was that. I know my great-grandparents, who lived in Vancouver, only got a Canadian passport in the fifties after living there for nearly half a century. Topcardi (talk) 22:35, 17 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Appreciate that. Interesting to note as well, the author of the article in "Total Hockey" is actually UK journalist Phil Drackett, though I attributed the citations to Duplacey since he was the editor of the encyclopedia (a Canadian putting together an American publication).  He says that CAHA president Gilroy, "objected to a number of players in the English league, including some of the Olympic team, because they allegedly did not have permission to leave the jurisdiction of his association."   Interesting to note that one of the players he objected to ending up playing for team Canada--Jimmy Haggerty.  You have to wonder how "some" ended up being only two in the speech you quote.  If the "doyen of British Ice Hockey Journalists" believes that it was more than two players at issue, I wonder how and why it changed to just the two in question when he went before the IIHF.  And the Haggerty situation is very interesting.  Thank you for challenging me to dig deeper.  And you are right about some Canadian sources, TSN certainly distorts the truth.18abruce (talk) 22:59, 17 May 2012 (UTC)

Flags in infobox
The way the infobox is designed, the flags are incorrect for Germany, Canada and the United States. If it were an easy fix, I'd do it myself. Srnec (talk) 02:24, 13 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Fixed Canada and USA, not sure what to do about Germany, but I will find someone who knows how.18abruce (talk) 03:07, 13 November 2012 (UTC)
 * you need to do [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey_at_the_1936_Winter_Olympics&diff=522856322&oldid=522755255 this]. Frietjes (talk) 17:51, 13 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Thank you both. Srnec (talk) 00:22, 14 November 2012 (UTC)

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Tie breaking formula
For this 1936 tournament, we can determine the first criterion and potentially relevant criteria as follows: Since Germany was the champion of first-round Group A despite losing to the United States, we can determine that the first criterion had nothing to do with direct games amongst the tied teams simply by reading the Official Report.

Page 137 of Lion in Winter: A Complete Record of Great Britain at the Olympic, World and European Ice Hockey Championships, 1910-1981 further indicates that the U.S. could have deprived "the British of the gold medals next day if they beat Canada 1-0 or 5-1 to achieve a better goal average than their rivals."

From this, we can infer that goal difference is not the first criterion, as a 1-0 victory over Canada would clearly leave the U.S. team (+3) behind G.B. (+6).

We also conclude that goals scored is not the first criterion, as a 1-0 victory over Canada would again leave the U.S. team (3) behind G.B. (7).

In case anyone wanted to argue that goals against is the first criterion, I would say there is no record of that ever happening in international ice hockey competitions.

We then can conclude and agree with Lion in Winter that goal average is the first criterion. I personally prefer the term goal ratio over goal average because GA may be confused between Goals Against and Goal Average. I acknowledge that goal quotient is also sometimes used.

As for subsequent criteria, there is no clear indication. It could be goal difference, goals scored, goals allowed or anything involving direct games amongst the tied teams.

If we know that the U.S. would deprive G.B. of the gold medal with a 5-1 win over Canada, with U.S. and G.B. both having a total of seven goals scored and one goal allowed, and with their direct game tied, what criterion would break the tie? First of all, none of the above.

Other options we can eliminate: Placement in the first round, as that would have favored G.B.; placement in the previous World Championship, as that also would have favored G.B.

I would then consider our modern tie-breaking formula, established in the 2006-2007 season, for another possibility--points against the closest best-ranked team outside the sub-group. If applied to our 1936 scenario, that would be points against Canada--which would not break the tie. Then because in 1936, we observe goal ratio over goal difference, we can look to goal ratio vs. Canada as the deciding criterion. For this scenario, U.S. would have a goal ratio of 5 (5/1) and G.B. would have a goal ratio of 2 (2/1).

We may conclude then, that if U.S. had defeated Canada 5-1, the goal ratio vs Canada would have been the deciding criterion between U.S and G.B. I cannot say conclusively though if Canada would be chosen for comparison over Czechoslovakia because they had more points or because they were closer to the "subgroup."

Thankfully, I found Lion in Winter for free on Google Books. Joel225sp (talk) 23:47, 23 January 2023 (UTC)


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Donald Petrie

Donald Mark Petrie (born April 2, 1954) is an American film director and actor.

Life and career
Petrie was born in New York City, New York, the son of Dorothea (née Grundy), a television producer, actor, and novelist, and Daniel Petrie, a director. He is the brother of writer Daniel Petrie Jr. Petrie began his entertainment career as an actor, having trained and graduated from California State Northridge as a theatre major. Donald soon was appearing in many television episodes. In 1980, Donald decided to shift his focus to directing when he was accepted as a Fellow at the American Film Institute.

Petrie has acted and guest-starred on television programs since 1976.

Filmography
Film
 * Mystic Pizza (1988)
 * Opportunity Knocks (1990)
 * Grumpy Old Men (1993)
 * The Favor (1994)
 * Richie Rich (1994)
 * The Associate (1996)
 * My Favorite Martian (1999)
 * Miss Congeniality (2000)
 * How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days (2003)
 * Welcome to Mooseport (2004)
 * Just My Luck (2006) (Also producer)
 * My Life in Ruins (2009)
 * Atlantic Gold (2013)
 * Little Italy (2018)

TV movies
 * Why on Earth? (1988)
 * Turner & Hooch (1990)
 * Country Estates (1993)

TV series

title: Donald Petrie


text:
Talk:Ice hockey at the 1976 Winter Olympics

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 12:46, 8 August 2020 (UTC)
 * GER-FIN stamp.png


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Talk:1996 World Cup of Hockey rosters

 * The rosters for the teams in this tournament is incomplete. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Nyrmetros (talk • contribs) 06:49, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:1996 World Cup of Hockey rosters


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WHAS (AM)

WHAS (840 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Louisville, Kentucky and owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.. Its studios are at Fourth Street Live! in downtown Louisville. First licensed in July 1922, it is the oldest radio station in Kentucky.

Its transmitter site is in Long Run, in far east Jefferson County. WHAS operates around the clock on 840 kHz as a 50,000 watt non-directional clear channel station. Its daytime signal can be heard in almost all of central Kentucky, as well as large slices of Ohio and Indiana, providing city-grade coverage as far east as Lexington, as far south as Bowling Green, and as far north as Cincinnati. Its nighttime signal can be heard with a good radio in most of the continental United States and much of Canada.

Programming
The station features The Clay Travis and Buck Sexton Show, The Mark Levin Show (delayed by 2 hours), the last two hours of the national broadcast of Ground Zero, and Coast to Coast AM (live) on its daily lineup. Weekend programming includes The Dave Ramsey Show, The Weekend With Joe Pags (Joe Pagliarulo), The Ric Edelman Show, The Larry Kudlow Show, The Mutual Fund Show (co-hosted by Adam Bold), and Handel on the Law.

WHAS is the flagship radio station for the annual WHAS Crusade for Children telethon. The station also broadcasts The Moral Side of the News, one of the oldest public affairs programs in American broadcasting, dating back to the 1940s. The show has also been shown on WHAS-TV since the 1950s. The show's panel of clergy members have been involved in distributing the proceeds of the Crusade for Children among local charities since the telethon's beginning.

WHAS is Louisville's primary home station for the University of Kentucky athletic broadcasts from the UK Sports Network, carrying Wildcats football and men's basketball games. Starting in 2015, iHeartMedia began broadcasting Louisville City FC games. WHAS had been the flagship for U of L Sports Network coverage of Louisville Cardinals football and basketball, and still serves as the Cardinals' effective flagship station when there is no conflict with Wildcats games. When there is a conflict with Wildcats games, WKRD broadcasts Cardinals games.

History
The U.S. Department of Commerce, which regulated radio at this time, adopted regulations, effective December 1, 1921, that formally established a broadcast service category. The wavelength of 360 meters (833 kHz) was designated for "entertainment" broadcasting, with 485 meters (619 kHz) assigned for "market and weather reports". On July 13, 1922, the Courier-Journal and Louisville Times were issued a license for operation on both the 360- and 485-meter wavelengths. The WHAS call sign was randomly assigned from a sequential roster of available call letters. WHAS was the first broadcasting station in Kentucky, which was the 45th out of the then-48 states to establish a station. Following a short series of test transmissions, WHAS made its formal debut broadcast on July 18, 1922.

In September 1922 the Department of Commerce set aside a second entertainment wavelength, 400 meters (750 kHz) for "Class B" stations, including WHAS, that had quality equipment and programming. In May 1923, additional "Class B" frequencies were made available, with 750 kHz now reserved nationwide for Louisville, which was exclusively assigned to WHAS.

On May 16, 1925, the first live broadcast of the Kentucky Derby horse race was made by WHAS and also by WGN in Chicago. The call of the Derby featured an announcer who watched from the windows of one of the famous twin spires of Churchill Downs.

On November 11, 1928, the Federal Radio Commission's (FRC) General Order 40 made a major reallocation of the broadcasting frequencies. This introduced a category known as "clear channel stations" that included WHAS, which was assigned exclusive nationwide use of 820 kHz. On May 15, 1932, WHAS changed from being a National Broadcasting Company (NBC-Red) affiliate, which it joined in late 1926, and joined the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), which previously aired on the since-relocated WLAP. At that time, WHAS operated with 10,000 watts of power, but the output was soon increased to 25,000 watts as authorized by the FRC.

During the Ohio River flood of 1937, the station gained nationwide notice for its coverage of the disaster, which included broadcasting Louisville flood bulletins over the facilities of WSM in Nashville after Louisville authorities were forced to cut electrical power to the city because of the rising flood waters (thus forcing WHAS's own signal off the air). During the flood, the station aired 115,000 messages.

On March 29, 1941, a second major reallocation, as part of the implementation of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement, resulted in WHAS's clear channel frequency being shifted to its current assignment of 840 kHz. In 1950 WHAS helped WSM-TV establish television service in Middle Tennessee with a microwave signal link from WHAS-TV.

WHAS was the original radio home to locally produced coverage of American Basketball Association games involving the Kentucky Colonels during that league's 1967-1976 existence.

WHAS was originally part of the local media empire managed by the Bingham family, which also published Louisville Courier-Journal and Louisville Times (now owned by the Gannett Company and merged in 1987) and operated television station WHAS-TV (which, following several mergers and transactions in subsequent years, is now owned by Tegna). WHAS and its FM sister station, WAMZ (the former WHAS-FM) were acquired by Clear Channel Communications (which, as iHeartMedia, continues to own the stations to this day) in 1986 as part of the breakup of the Bingham family's media properties.

Programming evolution
WHAS modernized in the early 1970s from an old-line MOR music outlet into an early form of Hot Adult Contemporary music format, featuring adult-appeal Top 40 hits and rock oldies; one longtime slogan was "Good and Gold" (as in "good music", or adult contemporary, and "golden" oldies). For a time in the 1980s, it was also the Louisville affiliate for Casey Kasem's American Top 40.

On the afternoon of April 3, 1974, Louisville was hit by an F4 tornado that developed during the 1974 Super Outbreak. WHAS broke away from regular programming to track the storm as it passed through the Louisville metropolitan area. In the hours immediately following the storm, the station delivered important information about what areas had been directly impacted by the storms, and traffic reporter Dick Gilbert followed the tornado in his helicopter, reporting on the damage as he flew at a safe distance behind the storm. The station stayed with continuous coverage of the disaster in Louisville and across the state of Kentucky and the southern portion of Indiana until well into the early morning hours of April 4. For their efforts, the station's personnel earned thanks from then-Kentucky Governor Wendell Ford and President Richard Nixon.

The station continued to feature a full-service Hot AC format through the 1980s (and was the last 50 kW AM station with a full-time AC format), and by 1995, most of the remaining music programming was oldies-based; this made WHAS one of the last 50,000-watt clear-channel radio stations to feature music programming on a regular basis. Personalities on the weekday lineup have included Terry Meiners on "The Terry Meiners Show" and Lachlan McLean on "SportsTalk 840".

WHAS continued to provide valuable severe weather coverage in the 1990s. On January 17, 1994, a record overnight snowstorm paralyzed the city and much of the state of Kentucky. WHAS had round the clock updates and closings information for nearly a week. On May 28, 1996, another tornado outbreak occurred in Kentuckiana and the station suspended its election coverage that night to cover the storm.

Prior to 1995, WHAS broadcast in C-QUAM AM stereo. Following an initial testing period which started in 2006, beginning in September 2007 WHAS broadcast full-time using the HD Radio IBOC digital radio system. HD Radio has since been turned off.

The late morning slot (9 a.m. to noon) has seen two changes in recent years. Francene Cucinello hosted "The Francene Show" until her death on January 15, 2010; she was replaced that summer by Mandy Connell. In turn, Connell left in August 2013 to become the morning host on fellow iHeartMedia (then Clear Channel) station KHOW in Denver; her last show on WHAS was on August 9. For several months after her move, Connell provided daily one-minute commentaries, known as "Mandy Minutes", to WHAS. Connell's slot was filled by Leland Conway, previously a talk radio host in Lexington, Kentucky and most recently Richmond, Virginia, whose show began airing on September 16.

Significant changes came to the afternoon and evening lineup in the first half of 2015. In February, McLean announced he would leave WHAS on May 15 and move to Charlotte, North Carolina, where his wife took a corporate position with the Cedar Fair amusement park company. In April, it was confirmed that Sports Talk 840 would end when McLean left WHAS. Effective May 18, Meiners' show was cut back by an hour, ending at 6:00 instead of 7:00. The 6-8 time slot was filled by Connell, who returned to the Louisville market with a locally focused talk show (although it broadcasts from KHOW's studios) until February 2016. Then longtime fill-in host Mary Walter took over as the permanent host and continued the local focused format. The Mark Levin Show moved to the 8-11 slot, being delayed by two hours instead of three, and an extra hour of Ground Zero was picked up.

At the same time as the spring 2015 lineup changes, WHAS replaced The Bill Cunningham Show in its Sunday night lineup with The John and Leah Show, a syndicated weekly news review show hosted by former WHAS personality John Ziegler and Leah Brandon.

Notable former on-air personalities

 * Randy Atcher, children's host, cowboy singer
 * Ford Bond, network announcer in the era of old-time radio
 * Foster Brooks, show host and emergency reporter, 1937 Flood coverage
 * Gary Burbank, afternoon DJ
 * David Dick, newscaster, later with WHAS-TV and from 1966 to 1985 CBS News
 * Cawood Ledford, sports
 * Lachlan McLean, sports; final host of Sports Talk 840
 * Don McNeill, national morning radio host
 * Milton Metz, talk show host, notable for live broadcast after April 3, 1974, tornado that shared information about the aftermath.
 * Hugh Smith
 * Mary Walter, talk show host
 * John Ziegler, talk show host

title: WHAS (AM)


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User:Kevin baas~enwiki/tex to cpp

intro
A TeX to C++ converter. Standard functions like hamiltions, calculating eigenvalues, etc. are actual functions, all operations and functions work. There is a most abstract class for all math variables, and one can specify more specific such as tensor or vector. Laplacian would be interesting - would make things like computational fluid dynamics, or simulations of reaction-diffusion spaces, "short" programs. Function & operator overloading is used to process the variables correctly. More abstract types are disambiguated via context, determined by the class of variable that overloaded functions return, if the class of the variables it takes as parameters and the TeX are insufficient. (tensor multiplication must return a tensor, etc.) derivatives/antiderivatives - the most basic is w/respect to "time" (which is not neccessarily real time, but a parameter specific for the "module" that determines processing order and scale). Dot notation and the variable t identifies time. All time derivatives/antiderivatives, etc, for a given module, are processed in parrallel (producing x', y', z'..., which overwrite x,y,z... when all computations for the iteration complete) each module has it's own "time", which may be a function of real time, and/or any variables within scope.

module scheduling
 * priority levels
 * like aynchronous distributed simulation

a visual TeX editor (instead of having to write in tex)
 * for example, can select from context menu, matrixes, operations on matrix like transpose or inverse, etc.
 * function keys switch alphabet of keyboard (english, latin, greek, hebrew)

c++ to tex (perhaps w/hints, or remarked code) a way to deal with structs; mixed(composite) classes (some strings, some tensors, etc.); object hierarcy
 * i guess nothing really needs to be done here - just use dot notation, as usual.

philosophy of architecture
The task of the computer is to simulate any given complex dynamical system. Programs are specifications of complex dynamical systems.

modules
(execution/time-parameterized/entropic/information-dynamic) modules, determine program flow; "processing". a module is a member of a class

class subsystems { module fafd( time function, execution condition); module ffsd( time function, execution condition); tensor agsg, gfdg; ...  }

title: User:Kevin baas~enwiki/tex to cpp


text:
Talk:Garry Smith

This "garry smith" page seems like it should be deleted to me, but I don't know much about how to do that. Emerman 18:43, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Garry Smith


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Pedro de Alcántara Álvarez de Toledo, 13th Marquess of Villafranca

Pedro de Alcántara Álvarez de Toledo y Palafox, 12th Marquess of Molina, 13th Marquess of Villafranca (11 May 1803 in Madrid – 10 January 1867 in Madrid ) was Spanish Minister of Naval Affairs, mid-19th century, reign of Isabella II of Spain counting amongst other political achievements the construction and launch in the Royal Dockyards of Ferrol, of Spain's first steam propelled ship in 1858. The ship was named after the Spanish monarch Isabel II. Medina Sidonia was succeeded by his son José Joaquín Álvarez de Toledo, 18th Duke of Medina Sidonia.

He married Joaquina de Silva y Téllez Girón in 1822. He identified with the Carlist movement. He was then part of the Senate of Spain during the 1860s as a senator of his own right.


text:
Nikola Karev

Nikola Yanakiev Karev (Никола Янакиев Карев; Никола Јанакиев Карев; November 23, 1877 – April 27, 1905) was a Macedonian Bulgarian revolutionary. He was born in Kruševo and died in the village of Rajčani both today in North Macedonia. Karev was a local leader of what later became known as the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO). He was also a teacher in the Bulgarian Exarchate school system in his native area,  and a member of the Bulgarian Workers' Social Democratic Party. Today he is considered a hero in Bulgaria and in North Macedonia.

Early years
Karev completed his early education at the Bulgarian school in Kruševo and in 1893 moved to Sofia, the capital of Principality of Bulgaria, where he worked as a carpenter for the socialist Vasil Glavinov. Karev joined the Socialist group led by Glavinov, and through him, made acquaintance of Dimitar Blagoev and other socialists, and became a member of the Bulgarian Workers' Social Democratic Party. In 1896 he participated in the Macedonian-Adrianople Social Democratic Group, created as part of the Bulgarian Workers' Social-Democrat Party. In 1898 Karev went back to Ottoman Macedonia and graduated from the Bulgarian Exarchate's gymnasium in Bitola. From 1900 he worked as a schoolmaster in the Bulgarian schools in the village of Gorno Divjaci and in his native Kruševo.

Political and revolutionary activity
The first Conference of Macedonian Socialists was held on June 3, 1900, near Kruševo, where they defined the core aspects of the potential creation of a separate Macedonian Republic, as a cantonized state, part of a future Balkan Socialist Federation, as a multinational polity offering equal rights to all its citizens. They maintained the slogan "Macedonia for the Macedonians", using Macedonian people as an umbrella term covering Bulgarians, Turks, Greeks, Aromanians, Albanians, Jews, etc., living in harmony in an independent state. In this period Karev joined the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization and became a leader of a regional armed band (cheta).

On the eve of the Ilinden uprising, in May 1903, he was interviewed in Bitola by the correspondent of the Greek daily Akropolis Stamatis Stamatiou. In the interview, Karev expresses his position of a radical leftist. Stamatiou described him as a Bulgarized Macedonian. Per Stamatiou, Karev presented himself as a voulgarofron, (i.e. Bulgarophile), and replied he was a Macedonian. In response to an ironic question by Stamatiou, Karev also claimed to be a "direct descendant of Alexander the Great", but added that "history says he was a Greek". Tassos Kostopoulos compares Stamatiou's distrust towards Karev's self-presentation with the profession of a "purely Macedonian consciousness" of the Bulgarian Army colonel Anastas Yankov during his short passage through Greece on his way back from Macedonia to Bulgaria in December 1902, after the failed Gorna Dzhumaya Uprising, which, contrary to Karev's, was received cordially by Greek nationalists and taken at face value even by the most Slavophobe Greek newspapers. See Tassos Kostopoulos, Faire la police dans un pays etranger, pp. 5-6, n. 21.. Per Tchavdar Marinov the manifesto issued by Anastas Yankov during the Gorna Dzhumaya Uprising promulgated only a specific “local Macedonian” patriotism, a phenomenon that was described at the beginning of the twentieth century by foreign observers such as Henry Noel Brailsford and Allen Upward. They likewise noted the legend that Alexander the Great and Aristotle were “Bulgarians.” Obviously, by the late Ottoman period, the ancient glory of the region was exploited for self-legitimation by groups with different loyalties—Greek as well as Bulgarian. At that time the anarchist Pavel Shatev described the first vestiges of the process of an ethno-national differentiation between Bulgarian and Macedonian, while some people he met felt “only Bulgarians”, but others despite being Bulgarians "by nationality", felt themselves Macedonians above all. It was generating a new identity that, during that period, was still not necessarily exclusive vis-à-vis Greek or Bulgarian national belonging. Marinov claims that people as Yankov, although Bulgarians by national identification and Macedonian supranationalist by political conviction, began to promote rarely the prognostics of some different ethnicity, which after the First World War were transformed into definitive Macedonian nationalism. For more see: Tchavdar Marinov, "Famous Macedonia, the Land of Alexander: Macedonian Identity at the Crossroads of Greek, Bulgarian and Serbian Nationalism", In: Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume One, pp: 293–294; 304. When asked what the revolutionaries wanted for Macedonia, Karev explained their plans to create a republic in the model of Switzerland, providing autonomy and democracy for its different "races". He added that Bulgaria's expectations to annex the region were miscalculated and that the revolutionaries would accept anyone's help in order to attain their goal.

During the Ilinden uprising of August 1903, when Kruševo was captured by the rebels, Karev allegedly authored the so-called Kruševo Manifesto, which called upon the local Muslim population to join forces with the Christians, and became the head of its provisional government. Amongst the various ethno-religious groups (millets) in Kruševo a Republican Council was elected with 60 members – 20 representatives from each one: Macedonian Bulgarians (Exarchists), Vlachs and Slav-speaking, Aromanian-speaking and Albanian-speaking Greek Patriarchists. The Council also elected an executive body – the Provisional Government, with six members (2 from each mentioned group). Though, an ethnic identification problem arose, because Karev called all the members of the local Council "brother Bulgarians", while the IMRO insurgents flew Bulgarian flags, killed several Greek Patriarchists, accused of being Ottoman spies, and subsequently assaulted the local Turk and Albanian Muslims. Karev himself tried to minimize the attacks on the Muslims and prevent the insurgents from looting indiscriminately. Before the encirclement of Kruševo, he escaped. Lasting only ten days, the Kruševo Republic was destroyed by Ottoman forces after intense fighting.

After Ilinden
After the uprising Karev went back to Bulgaria and became a political activist of the newly founded Marxist Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers' Party (Narrow Socialists). However, the Narrows denounced the Ilinden uprising as an adventure inspired by the Bulgarian government, that played into the hands of the Great Powers. In 1904, Karev made a legal attempt to return to Macedonia, taking advantage of the Bulgarian-Ottoman Amnesty Agreement for the participants in the Ilinden Uprising. He sent several applications for amnesty to Istanbul through the cabinet of the Bulgarian Prime Minister Racho Petrov. The applications were received by the Ottoman Amnesty Commission but remained unanswered, despite the intercession of the Bulgarian diplomatic agent in Istanbul, Grigor Nachovich.

On March 16, 1905, the chetas of Nikola Karev and Petar Atsev passed through the Kyustendil checkpoint of the IMARO and entered Ottoman territory. Soon after, Karev's detachment was discovered by Ottoman soldiers, and in the ensuing battle he was killed near the village of Rajčani, together with his comrades Dimitar Gyurchev and Krastyo Naumov.

Family
His two brothers, Petar and Georgi also participated in IMRO. During the First and the Second World Wars, when Vardar Macedonia was annexed by Bulgaria, they supported the Bulgarian authorities. After World War I, both were abused when the area was returned to Serbian administration. During the Second World War, Georgi was a Mayor of Krusevo. After 1944 they were imprisoned as Bulgarian fascists' collaborators in Communist Yugoslavia, where both died in the internment camp of Idrizovo in 1950 and 1951 respectively. Nikola's nephew Mihail, the son of Georgi, was also imprisoned on a charge of "opposing the idea of Communist Yugoslavia".

Legacy
After the Second World War the short-lived Kruševo Republic was absorbed into the historical narrative of the new Socialist Republic of Macedonia, as the new Communist authorities eradicated "pro-Bulgarian" sentiments. Despite Karev's Bulgarian national identification, he was an ethnic Macedonian, according to Macedonian historiography. An excerpt from an article from a Macedonian newspaper "Utrinski vesnik", published on 22. 07. 2000, Archive number 329. Утрински Весник, сите права задржани, Сабота, July 22, 2000 Архивски Број 329.
 * Интервјуто на Никола Карев за грчкиот весник Акрополис, објавено на 8 мај 1903 година, е првото, досега познато интервју на член на најтесното раководство на ВМРО пред Илинденското востание. Овој исклучителен, слободно ќе може да се нарече, историски документ го откри и го преведе на македонски јазик г-ѓа Елефтерија Вамбаковска, вработена во Институт за национална историја. При вчерашната средба со г-ѓа Вамбаковска во редакцијата на "Утрински весник" најнапред не интересираше начинот на кој таа дошла до интервјуто. (in English) Nikola Karev's interview to the Greek newspaper "Acropolis", published on May 8, 1903, is the first, so far known interview by a member of the top leadership of the IMRO before the Ilinden Uprising. This is an exclusive, we can call it even a historical document discovered and translated into Macedonian by Mrs. Eleftheria Vambakovska working in the Institute of National History. At yesterday's meeting with Mrs. Vambakovska in the "Utrinski vesnik" we were interested in the way, she came to that interview.
 * – Утрински: Како ја коментирате содржината на интервјуто. Што значи терминот бугарофрон? (in English) Utrinski: How do you interpret the content of the interview. What does the term Bulgarophronos mean?
 * – Елефтерија Вамбаковска: Што се однесува до содржината на интервјуто оставам да суди науката и читателите. Мое мислење е дека тоа содржи контрадикторности и нелогичности. Интервјуто всушност и започнува со една нелогичност. Карев изјавува дека е Бугарин по убедување, а на првото прашање на новинарот: "Дали е Македонец", одговара со "да"! Самиот новинар го прогласува Карев за Македонец, но бугаризиран, а го започнува интервјуто со прашањето што е (по националност)? Се гледа дека за него поважно било етничкото потекло – дали бил Македонец, што за Грците било синоним за Грк. Инаку, тоа "по убедување" за нив не било важно – убедувањето се стекнувало и било менливо. Бугарофрон, во буквален превод би значело – човек што мисли на бугарски начин, којшто мисли како што мислат сите Бугари. Денес Грците имаат сличен термин – етникрофрон кој има слично значење, имено – човек што мисли на својата нација, односно Грк кој мисли на Грција. Денес Македонците во Егејска Македонија своите сонародници кои се погрчиле ги нарекуваат – етникофрони. За нив во 50-те и 60-те години се издаваа и посебни уверенија дека се етникофрони, а заедно со нив се издаваа и уверенија за подобност, кои беа потребни дури и за полагање на приемните испити на факултетите. (in English) Eleftheria Vambakovska: As to the content of the interview, I leave it free for interpretations by scientists and readers. My opinion is that it contains contradictory and illogical claims. The interview actually begins with an illogical claim. Karev asserts he is a Bulgarian by conviction ("Bulgarophronos"), and on the first question of the reporter: "Are you a Macedonian", he answers with "yes"! The reporter declared Karev was a Macedonian, but bulgarized one. The interview begins with a question "are you a Macedonian"? that means Karev's ethnic origin was more important for the interviewer – whether he is a "Macedonian", which to the Greeks was a synonymous of a "Greek". Otherwise, to the Greeks "(Bulgarian) by conviction" was not so important – the conviction is acquirable and it can by changed. "Bulgarophronos", literally translated would mean – a man who thinks like a Bulgarian, a man who thinks like all other Bulgarians. Today the Greeks have a similar term – ethnicophronos, which has similar meaning, namely – a man who thinks on his own nation – nationalist, a Greek who thinks about Greece. Today the Macedonians in Aegean Macedonia (Greece) call their countrymen who became hellenized, i.e. Greeks – ethnicophronos. For them during the 1950s and 1960s, were issued special certificates that they are ethnicophronos, and along with them were issued certificates of eligibility, which were necessary even for passing the entrance exams at the faculties.
 * – Утрински: Како го објаснувањето поврзувањето на територијата Македонија со етничкиот карактер на населението кое живее во неа? (in English) Utrinski: What is the explanation of the relation of the territory of Macedonia with the ethnic character of the population living in it?
 * – Елефтерија Вамбаковска: Новинарот, и не само тој, Македонија ја смета за грчка територија и оттука и луѓето кои тука живеат, според нив, мора да се Грци, потомци на Александар Македонски. Затоа и тој толку настојчиво се обидува да го убеди Карев дека e Грк. А, ако не е Грк тогаш е "бугарофрон", "бугаризиран Македонец" и тн. Инаку, лесно се воочува дека интервјуто во е "малку дотерано", приспособено за грчките читатели во 1903 година. (in English) Eleftheria Vambakovska: The journalist, and not only he, regards Macedonia as a Greek territory and hence the people living here, according to them, must be Greeks, descendants of Alexander the Great. That's why he is so persistently trying to persuade Karev, that he is Greek. And if he is not a Greek, then he is "Bulgarophonos", "Bulgarian Macedonian", etc. Otherwise, it is easy to see that the interview is "slightly tuned", adapted for the Greek readers in 1903. After 1944 the name of Nikola Karev was present in the anthem of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia: "Today over Macedonia". It was removed in 1953 without explanation by the communist leadership led by Lazar Koliševski, as Nikola and his brothers Petar and Georgi were considered to be "Bulgarophiles".

Karev's remains were buried in Rajčani, a village near the locality where he was killed. In 1953, on the 50th anniversary of the Ilinden Uprising, they were transferred to his hometown Kruševo. In 1990, they were transferred to the nearby monument, called Makedonium.

In 2008, a large bronze equestrian monument of Nikola Karev was placed in front of Parliament Building in Skopje, cast by the Ferdinando Marinelli Artistic Foundry of Florence, Italy.

Bibliographies

 * Пандев, К. "Устави и правилници на ВМОРО преди Илинденско-Преображенското въстание", Исторически преглед, 1969, кн. I, стр. 68–80.
 * Пандев, К. "Устави и правилници на ВМОРО преди Илинденско-Преображенското въстание", Извeстия на Института за история, т. 21, 1970, стр. 250–257.
 * Битоски, Крсте, сп. "Македонско Време", Скопје – март 1997, quoting: Quoting: Public Record Office – Foreign Office 78/4951 Turkey (Bulgaria), From Elliot, 1898, Устав на ТМОРО. S. 1. published in Документи за борбата на македонскиот народ за самостојност и за национална држава, Скопје, Универзитет "Кирил и Методиј": Факултет за филозофско-историски науки, 1981, pp 331 – 333.
 * Hugh Pouton Who Are the Macedonians?, C. Hurst & Co, 2000. p. 53. ISBN 1-85065-534-0
 * Fikret Adanir, Die Makedonische Frage: ihre entestehung und etwicklung bis 1908., Wiessbaden 1979, p. 112.
 * Duncan Perry The Politics of Terror: The Macedonian Liberation Movements, 1893–1903 , Durham, Duke University Press, 1988. pp. 40–41, 210 n. 10.
 * Keith Brown,The Past in Question: Modern Macedonia and the Uncertainties of Nation, Princeton University Press, 2003.

title: Nikola Karev


text:
Superior highly composite number

In number theory, a superior highly composite number is a natural number which, in a particular rigorous sense, has many divisors. Particularly, it is defined by a ratio between the number of divisors an integer has and that integer raised to some positive power.

For any possible exponent, whichever integer has the greatest ratio is a superior highly composite number. It is a stronger restriction than that of a highly composite number, which is defined as having more divisors than any smaller positive integer.

The first ten superior highly composite numbers and their factorization are listed.

For a superior highly composite number $n$ there exists a positive real number $d(n)$ such that for all natural numbers $n = 250$ we have $$\frac{d(n)}{n^\varepsilon}\geq\frac{d(k)}{k^\varepsilon}$$ where $d(n)$, the divisor function, denotes the number of divisors of $n$. The term was coined by Ramanujan (1915).

For example, the number with the most divisors per square root of the number itself is 12; this can be demonstrated using some highly composites near 12. $$\frac{2}{2^{.5}}\approx 1.414, \frac{3}{4^{.5}}=1.5, \frac{4}{6^{.5}}\approx 1.633, \frac{6}{12^{.5}}\approx 1.732, \frac{8}{24^{.5}}\approx 1.633, \frac{12}{60^{.5}}\approx 1.549$$

120 is another superior highly composite number because it has the highest ratio of divisors to itself raised to the .4 power. $$\frac{9}{36^{.4}}\approx 2.146, \frac{10}{48^{.4}}\approx 2.126, \frac{12}{60^{.4}}\approx 2.333, \frac{16}{120^{.4}}\approx 2.357, \frac{18}{180^{.4}}\approx 2.255, \frac{20}{240^{.4}}\approx 2.233, \frac{24}{360^{.4}}\approx 2.279$$

The first 15 superior highly composite numbers, 2, 6, 12, 60, 120, 360, 2520, 5040, 55440, 720720, 1441440, 4324320, 21621600, 367567200, 6983776800 are also the first 15 colossally abundant numbers, which meet a similar condition based on the sum-of-divisors function rather than the number of divisors. Neither set, however, is a subset of the other.

Properties
All superior highly composite numbers are highly composite. This is easy to prove: if there is some number k that has the same number of divisors as n but is less than n itself (i.e. $$d(k) = d(n)$$, but $$k \frac{d(n)}{n^\varepsilon}$$ for all positive ε, so if a number "n" is not highly composite, it cannot be superior highly composite.

An effective construction of the set of all superior highly composite numbers is given by the following monotonic mapping from the positive real numbers. Let $$e_p(x) = \left\lfloor \frac{1}{\sqrt[x]{p} - 1} \right\rfloor$$ for any prime number p and positive real x. Then $$s(x) = \prod_{p \in \mathbb{P}} p^{e_p(x)}$$ is a superior highly composite number.

Note that the product need not be computed indefinitely, because if $$p > 2^x$$ then $$e_p(x) = 0$$, so the product to calculate $$s(x)$$ can be terminated once $$p \ge 2^x$$.

Also note that in the definition of $$e_p(x)$$, $$1/x$$ is analogous to $$\varepsilon$$ in the implicit definition of a superior highly composite number.

Moreover, for each superior highly composite number $$s'$$ exists a half-open interval $$I \subset \R^+$$ such that $$\forall x \in I: s(x) = s'$$.

This representation implies that there exist an infinite sequence of $$\pi_1, \pi_2, \ldots \in \mathbb{P}$$ such that for the n-th superior highly composite number $$s_n$$ holds $$s_n = \prod_{i=1}^n \pi_i$$

The first $$\pi_i$$ are 2, 3, 2, 5, 2, 3, 7, ... . In other words, the quotient of two successive superior highly composite numbers is a prime number.

Radices
The first few superior highly composite numbers have often been used as radices, due to their high divisibility for their size. For example:
 * Binary (base 2)
 * Senary (base 6)
 * Duodecimal (base 12)
 * Sexagesimal (base 60)

Bigger SHCNs can be used in other ways. 120 appears as the long hundred, while 360 appears as the number of degrees in a circle.

title: Superior highly composite number


text: Talk:Saint-Jean Lynx

title: Talk:Saint-Jean Lynx


text:
Kruševo Manifesto

The Kruševo Manifesto is a presumable manifesto published by the Revolutionary Committee of Kruševo Republic during the 1903 Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising. It was calling upon the Muslim population to join forces with the republican government in the struggle against tyranny and to attain democratic form of statehood. It urged that the uprising was against the Sultanate, and was not religiously or ethnically based. More, this manifesto is cited by modern Macedonian historiography as historical example of the use of a separate Macedonian language during the uprising. However there is no original preserved and its historical authenticity is disputed. Macedonian historiography refers to a text that was compiled about twenty years after the events. It was published in 1923 by Nikola Kirov in Sofia in his native dialect, as part from a play. In fact at the turn of the 20th century there were only a few researchers who claimed that a separate Macedonian language existed. Though, Macedonian historians object to Kirov's classification of then Krusevo's Slavic population as Bulgarian.

title: Kruševo Manifesto


text:
Living Loud

Living Loud was a supergroup which included bass player and songwriter Bob Daisley, Uriah Heep drummer Lee Kerslake, guitarist Steve Morse of Deep Purple and Cold Chisel singer Jimmy Barnes. Deep Purple keyboards player Don Airey made a guest appearance.

According to the liner notes of the self-titled album, the project was instigated by Daisley who had discussed with Kerslake the possibility of re-doing some of the songs from the classic rock albums that they had co-written. Six of those songs, "I Don't Know", "Crazy Train", "Flying High Again", "Mr. Crowley", "Tonight" and "Over the Mountain" originally appeared on the Ozzy Osbourne albums Blizzard of Ozz and Diary of a Madman. In 2002, Osbourne had re-issued both albums with Daisley and Kerslake's original performances replaced by new bass and drum tracks after both musicians had sued Osbourne for non-payment of royalties and related issues. Despite playing on Diary of a Madman, Daisley and Kerslake's performances were credited to Rudy Sarzo and Tommy Aldridge for many years.

In August 2003, Daisley, Kerslake, Barnes and Morse recorded the eponymous album in Florida. Along with the Osbourne songs, the group also wrote five new tracks. Airey (who had also worked on the first two Osbourne albums and whose contributions were also uncredited) recorded his parts in London. Living Loud was released in 2004. While Morse and Airey were touring Australia with Deep Purple that year, Living Loud played two live shows, one at the Metro in Melbourne, and one at Fox Studios in Sydney. The latter event was recorded and released on DVD in 2005.

Discography

 * Living Loud (2003/2004)
 * Live in Sydney 2004 (2005, 2CD/DVD)

Personnel

 * Jimmy Barnes - vocals
 * Bob Daisley - bass
 * Steve Morse - guitar
 * Lee Kerslake - drums
 * Don Airey - keyboards

title: Living Loud


text:
User:Demi/audio

This documents my audio setup and how I use different tools to record spoken articles.

Hardware/ Platform
I have a Dell Latitude D600 running OpenBSD 3.5 (-current as of 6/1/2005). I use a Radio Shack clip-on condenser microphone (it was about $11), and Sony over-the-ear bud-style headphones.

Software
I use sox, a fairly common "swiss-army" knife for processing digital audio, the tools from the Ogg Vorbis toolkit and supporting libraries, and flac.

Recording
I use the following bash function to record an audio file:

soxrec {   sox -t ossdsp -w -s -c 2 -r 44100 /dev/sound -t raw -w -s -c 1 -r 44100 "$@" }

soxrec Article_name-sect.cdda

The sox command has the general form "sox [input options] input-file [output-options] output-file. The options above require some explanation:

 * -t: The filetype. The input file is the sound device and requires this filetype.
 * -w: Take 16-bit samples ("words").
 * -s: Record samples in signed format.
 * -c: Number of channels. My sound system is only capable of producing a stereo (-c 2) stream of samples. Thus, I'm specifying -c 2 on input and -c 1 on output, which causes sox to downmix the two channels to one.
 * -r: Sample rate. 44100 Hz (that is, taking 44100 samples per second) is the CD digital audio standard, and what we're using for Spoken Wikipedia. My sound system has no problem sampling at 44100 Hz or other rates; I understand some audio systems can only sample at specific rates, so you may need to use a rate of 48000 (more common for PC audio systems) or another rate instead. If you specify a different input and output sampling rate, sox will downsample appropriately.

The ".cdda" extension is because of the resemblance to CD digital audio; this may not literally be the case, but these files are ultimately temporary and it's just a convention I'm using.

Method
I record the article paragraph by paragraph, numbering each section (the section number is given in its "edit" link) as I go. So, for example, the first paragraph of the introduction is Article_name-00a.cdda, the second paragraph is Article_name-00b.cdda, etc.

Since the resulting sound files are raw audio data (i.e. they lack a descriptive header like a .wav file or any form of compression or encapsulation) they can be simply concatenated using cat.

The <tt>sox</tt> command also allows you to manipulate the files in various ways, I use the "trim" effect, for example, to cut the file up on time-boundaries, such as when only part of it needs to be re-recorded or I've left too long a pause at the end.

I use the "compand" filter to level and normalize the audio. First, I concatenate the raw files into a <tt>.wav</tt> file, as shown below, with the "stat" filter. The "stat" filter will print a Volume Adjustment: recommendation for normalizing the audio--that is, making it as loud as possible without "clipping." I use that as the third argument to the compand filter. The argument list for "compand" is then "0.1,0.3 -60,-60,-30,-15,-20,-12,-4,-8,-2,-7 volume". I also find that applying a lowpass filter with an argument of 4000 Hz helps to soften sibilants and reduce some noise.

Anyway, to produce a <tt>.wav</tt> file (this makes it slightly more convenient to encode, though the encoders all accept raw audio data):

cat Article_name-*.cdda | sox -t raw -w -s -c 1 -r 44100 - -t wav -w -s -c 1 -r 44100 Article_name.wav lowpass 4000 compand 0.1,0.3 -60,-60,-30,-15,-20,-12,-4,-8,-2,-7 vol

I always listen to the full resulting <tt>.wav</tt> file to make sure it sounds okay before encoding. I usually decide to re-record one or two parts.

Encoding
I use <tt>oggenc</tt> to encode the <tt>.wav</tt> file with the appropriate bitrate (I'm currently using an average bitrate of 64 kb/s, not the project's recommended 48 kb/s, because it sounds better to me).

oggenc -d 'YYYY-MM-DD' \ -a 'Demi @ Wikipedia' \ -t 'Article title' \ -c source="From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://www.wikipedia.org" \ -c copying="Licensed under GNU Free Documentation License: http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/fdl.txt" \ -c article="http://en.wikpedia.org/wiki/Article_title" \ -c version="HH:MI, YYYY Mon DD UTC" \ -b 64 \ -o Article_title.ogg \ Article_title.wav

Archiving
I want to make an attempt to keep article readings up-to-date as the articles changes (or at least if they change significantly). So, I keep the individual section files around, compressed with the <tt>flac</tt> utility:

flac --channels=1 --bps=16 --sample-rate=44100 --sign=signed --endian=little Article_title-*.cdda

Then, I remove the <tt>*.cdda</tt> and <tt>.wav</tt> files. When an article changes, I can re-record the changed sections, concatenate them back together and re-encode.

To re-produce the appropriate raw audio stream for input to <tt>sox</tt> to make a <tt>.wav</tt> file, as above, I do something like:

flac -dc --force-raw-format --endian=little --sign=signed *.flac | ...

Note that I'm using an Intel computer: your endianness may vary.

title: User:Demi/audio


text:
Stubnitz (ship)

The Stubnitz is a former refrigerated ship of the GDR deep-sea fishing fleet, which has been used as a socio-cultural event location since 1992. It has been moored in Hamburg since 2013.

The ship and its history
With the KTS Stubnitz (SAS 501) and the KTS Granitz (SAS 502), VEB Fischfang Saßnitz opened the flotilla fishery for herring in 1965, which was typical for this decade. The two sister ships were modified versions of the Tropik, which was mass-produced for export by the Volkswerft Stralsund shipyard. Both ships had 59 crew members, a freezing capacity of up to 60 tons per day and a refrigerated hold volume of 1863 m³. From 1984 to 1992, the ships were in service as ROS 701 and ROS 702 for VEB Fischfang Rostock.

The motor vessel Stubnitz is a largely original vessel from the GDR's deep-sea fishing fleet, but key areas of the ship had to be structurally modified for later use. The electromechanical machinery and its DC technology, the bridge with radio and chart room, the living and social areas such as the cabins, galley, mess room and the hospital are mostly original. The processing equipment was dismantled from the former processing deck and the former refrigerated cargo holds. The exterior of the ship was not changed after the last fishing operation.

In 2003, the ship was entered in the list of monuments of the Hanseatic city of Rostock as a document of deep-sea fishing in the former GDR.

Change of use after reunification
Urs Blaser, one of the co-initiators, reported that after the currency reform in 1990, the former GDR shipping industry also collapsed and 40 to 50 ships lay unused on the quayside in Rostock. Since 1992, the ship has been transformed into a mobile platform for music, cultural events, documentation and communication. Three former cargo holds are regularly used as event spaces for live music, exhibitions, performances and installations. Artists and staff can be accommodated and catered for on board. The ship is used for projects in European port cities. In 1992, the Stubnitz Kunst-Raum-Schiff GmbH, an artists' initiative from Germany, Switzerland and Austria, acquired the fishing vessel from the Rostock fishing shipping company. From 1993, the project was supported by employment and state funding. In 1994, after initial cultural successes in St. Petersburg, Malmö and Hamburg, the initiative failed due to financial burdens from conversion, change of ship status and ship operation.

The non-profit association Motorschiff Stubnitz e.V. was founded in 1995 and has operated the ship ever since. In 1997 the admission for public events in Rostock was gradually increased from 150 to 450 people, with the installation of escape routes. In 1998, the Rostocker Kulturschiff Stubnitz e. V. was registered as the ship's owner.

In addition to maintaining the ship and developing the center of cultural productivity, the work of the two associations focused on organizing cultural events with contemporary art and cultural projects in Rostock. With over 100 events and 200 project presentations each year, 20,000 to 30,000 visitors were reached. Since 1998, activities in the radio and media sector have come to the fore.

Concerts and performances with artists, bands and projects from all over the world have been taking place on the Stubnitz since the 1990s. Many were recorded on audio and video and stored in a media archive in the belly of the ship. This archive will one day be made accessible to the public. Until then, there will be small insights from each year on the homepage.

The ship maintenance work and the cultural work are largely carried out by volunteers, supported by companies and private individuals and with project funding from the Hanseatic City of Rostock, the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and the Rostock employment office.

A port safety regulation in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern prevented the Stubnitz from docking in Rostock's city harbor, from october 2008. In April 2010, after calling at ports in Aalborg, Amsterdam and Copenhagen, she moored again in the city port of Rostock.

Since 2013, the ship has been moored in Hamburg's HafenCity at Baakenhöft, where it has been used as a venue for concerts, clubbing, conferences and as a platform for special events.

From 2019 to 2021, major repairs were carried out with the help of monument funding from the federal government and the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. Further maintenance measures with the aim of class renewal in 2024 will be implemented with funding from the federal government's Special Monument Protection Program XII and the Hamburg 2030 Redevelopment Fund.

Since 2022, the project has faced complaints about noise and had to look for a new berth. A new perspective emerges in February 2023. The Stubnitz has been moored at Hamburg's Elbbrücken since September 26, 2023.

Voyages as a cultural ship
In 1998, the ship was reactivated with a temporary sailing permit for a project in Stockholm, the European Capital of Culture. After completing her class renewal in 2000, the Stubnitz received her regular license to sail as a cargo ship on international voyages. The class confirmation in 2009 preserved the Stubnitz 's radius of action.

Since then, the Stubnitz has been on outposts in the North and Baltic Sea region, with the event programs being developed and implemented together with regional partners: Rostock (1992–2011), Hamburg (2000, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013–2023), Europäische Kulturhauptstadt Rotterdam (2001, 2005), Amsterdam (2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008), Brügge (2002), Stettin (2003), Riga (2004), Klaipeda (2004) Kopenhagen (2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010), Newcastle (2006), Dünkirchen (2005, 2013) sowie Nykøbing Falster (2008), Aalborg (2009), Aarhus (2010), Bremen (2012), Wilhelmshaven (2009, 2012), London (2012).

In 2002, the merits of the innovative cultural and youth work on the Stubnitz were honored with the Culture Prize of the Hanseatic City of Rostock. In 2013, the MS Stubnitz received the German Venue Award. For the years 2016, 2017 and 2021, the Stubnitz was awarded the Applaus Music Prize - an award for the program planning of independent venues of the Initiative Musik - for culturally outstanding live music programs.

title: Stubnitz (ship)


text:
Talk:FirstOntario Centre

Scoreboard
The entry about the scoreboard at Copps Coliseum is incorrect, Since the Winnipeg Arena used their Day Industries scoreboard until the end of the 1980 season. It was the American Sign and Indicator clock that was transported from Winnipeg to Hamilton in about 1987. I cannot verify this for sure, but I do have personal memories of seeing the AS and I clock at Copps in 1988 and thinking "That was the Jets old clock". Also my first Jets game was January 27, 1980 and I saw the Day clock at Winnipeg Arena. Shaniamoose (talk) 10:29, 3 January 2014 (UTC)Shaniamoose (talk) 10:40, 3 January 2014 (UTC)

Infobox Picture
The picture in the infobox as of today is technically outdated. We cannot replace it until the new signage is in place, but I happened to see something over my Twitter of workers taking down the giant C today. Once the new signage is in place, a new photo should be taken. CycloneGU (talk) 15:36, 24 March 2014 (UTC)

Split
Ideally, there should be two entries here, one for Copps Coliseum of old, and another for the newly renovated and named FirstOntario Centre. Melding the two and their respective histories is confusing and leads to incorrect statements. If they remain together, editors should be sure to not attribute facts to the 'wrong' building. IE: "While FirstOntario Centre was built in the hope that Hamilton could draw an NHL franchise, for the past 15 seasons, beginning in October 1996, FirstOntario Centre has been home to the Hamilton Bulldogs of the American Hockey League..." The above statement is misleading. FirstOntario Center WAS NOT built to accommodate an NHL franchise, nor was the home of the Hamilton Bulldogs since 1996. Those facts happened to the Copps Coliseum. OF NOTE: It was not even called FirstOntario Centre until 2014. Get the facts (and timelines) right. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Barcharlie (talk • contribs) 17:24, 26 February 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:FirstOntario Centre


text: Talk:Toronto St. Michael's Majors

title: Talk:Toronto St. Michael's Majors


text:
A Graña

A Graña is a village and naval station (also submarines), shipyard, and town located some 800 meters by sea from the Naval Station of Ferrol, in north-western Spain.

It is an integral part of the Naval Military Complex of Ferrol.

Geography

 * Altitude: 11 meters
 * Latitude: 43º 29' N
 * Longitude: 008º 16' W

The village is located on the Ferrol inlet, close to the naval base. The area is semi-urban. It has a port for small boats and a boat club.

It was the first arsenal on the Ferrol inlet during the middle of the 18th century. On this beach the English landed in August 1800, when the campaigns of Manuel Godoy against the Portuguese took place.

title: A Graña


text:
Talk:Les Cunningham Award

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title: Talk:Les Cunningham Award