text:
Movement for Changes

Movement for Changes (, PZP) is a right-wing populist and far-right political party in Montenegro. Its current leader is Nebojša Medojević, the party's founder.

History
The party was founded by a group of economists and academics in September 2002 and was modeled after the Group 17 Plus in Serbia. It is led by Nebojša Medojević It operated as a non-governmental organization under the name Group for Changes (, GZP) until July 17, 2006, when it reconstituted itself as a political party.

In the 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum, PzP remained neutral and did not campaign for either option, their choice being an outcome without the Movement's involvement. Although prominent members of the party supported an independent Montenegrin state, they refused to join the Bloc for an Independent Montenegro, led by the DPS. After the referendum, they stated that they did so out of opposition to Đukanović's rule, which they see as corrupt and undemocratic. In the 2006 parliamentary election, the party ran for the first time, winning 11 of 81 seats. It became a vocal opposition party and forged links with the Serb People's Party and the Socialist People's Party of Montenegro in an attempt to unify the country's political opposition.

The party put forward amendments as part of the drafting process for the new Constitution of Montenegro, including the suggestion of official language status for the Serbian language alongside the existing proposal to declare Montenegrin the state language. The proposal was adopted by the ruling coalition, and PzP gave its support for the required two-thirds super-majority to adopt the Constitution. This support damaged its ties with other opposition parties to some extent. The presence of senior officials of the PzP at protests against Montenegrin recognition of Kosovo, in turn, alienated some Albanian supporters of the Movement. The party saw a fall in support at the 2009 parliamentary election, falling from 11 seats to 5. The Movement for Changes leader, Nebojša Medojević, was a candidate in the 2008 presidential election. He came in third, gathering nearly 17% of the vote. Since the 2012 parliamentary election, the party operates within the populist Democratic Front (DF) alliance.

PzP joined the Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists in May 2015. In 2019, following Nebojsa Medojevic's meeting with Mischaël Modrikamen PzP announced its membership in The Movement, a coalition of populist parties chaired by former White House Chief Strategist Steve Bannon. In September 2020, the PzP left the DF parliamentary group.

Ideology
Initially, the ideological profile of the Movement for Changes was a mix of fiscal conservatism, economic liberalism and anti-corruption in economic policy, atlanticism and pro-Europeanism in foreign policy, and moderate conservatism on social issues. Since founding, party has as a proclaimed goal the integration of their country into the European Union and political and economic reforms to bring it into line with European norms, PzP has also been a vocal advocate for Montenegro's NATO membership. Recently it takes a cautiously supportive attitude towards the country's EU integrations, opposing the European Union's further federalisation and frequently criticising the Brussels bureaucracy. The party, like its NGO predecessor, advocates as part a reform agenda change in the "undemocratic regime of the Democratic Party of Socialists" the party that has ruled Montenegro as the dominant partner in every coalition government since the end of communism, and the "dethroning" of multiple-term Prime-Minister and President Milo Đukanović. PzP also often referred to the Đukanovic regime as example of the Mafia state. In recent years, the Movement for Changes has increasingly employed a more antiglobalist, right-wing populist and anti-immigrant discourse, frequently depicting the Montenegrin society as fundamentally divided between ordinary citizens and a corrupt partocracy.

title: Movement for Changes


text:
Sherrilyn Roush

Sherrilyn Roush is an American philosopher and Professor of Philosophy in UCLA Department of Philosophy specializing in the philosophy of science and epistemology.

Career
She joined King's College London in 2014 after accepting the inaugural Peter Sowerby Chair in Philosophy and Medicine. Previously, Roush was an assistant professor at the Department of Philosophy at Rice University (1999–2006). She was then an associate professor and then a full professor of philosophy at U. C. Berkeley. Starting winter quarter 2018, she is professor of philosophy at UCLA.

Philosophy
Her book Tracking Truth presents a unified treatment of knowledge, evidence, and epistemological realism and anti-realism about science, based on the idea that knowing is responsiveness to the way the world is, and that this is an ability to follow the truth through time and changing circumstances. Responsiveness is defined for empirical knowledge by a reformulation of Robert Nozick’s tracking conditions—for example: if p were false, then S wouldn't believe p—using conditional probability instead of counterfactuals. Roush argues that the new tracking view is superior to other externalist views of knowledge, including process reliabilism. Of particular interest are the new view's fallibilist account of knowledge of logical truth, its treatment of reflective knowledge and lottery propositions, its solutions to the value problem and the generality problem, its implications about skepticism, and its explanation of why knowledge is power in the Baconian sense.

In the second half of the book it is argued that the tracking theory of evidence is best formulated and defended as a confirmation theory based on the Likelihood Ratio. The tracking theories of knowledge and evidence thereby fit together to provide a deep explanation of why having better evidence makes you more likely to know. Finally, the book argues that confirmation theory is relevant to debates about scientific realism, and defends a position intermediate between realism and anti-realism on the basis of a view about what having evidence requires.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sherrilyn Roush


text:
Henric Benzelius

Henrik Benzelius (7 August 1689 in Strängnäs – 20 May 1758) was Bishop of Lund from 1744 to 1747, and Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden from 1747 to his death.

Biography
He was predeceased as Archbishop of Uppsala by his father Erik Benzelius the Elder as well as by his elder brothers Erik Benzelius the younger and Jacob Benzelius. Benzelius was one of the people sent by Charles XII of Sweden to the Middle East, travelling to Egypt and Syria. After returning for a time he took up a post in Lund University. He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1746.

Other sources

 * Nordisk Familjebok, article Henrik Benzelius In Swedish

title: Henric Benzelius


text:
Appledore railway station

Appledore railway station is a Grade II listed station east of Appledore in Kent, England. It is on the Marshlink line, and train services are provided by Southern.

The station was constructed in 1851 by the South Eastern Railway and designed by William Tress. It became a junction station in 1881 when a branch line opened to Lydd and New Romney; this closed to passengers in 1967 following the Beeching Report, though the line remains open for goods traffic to Dungeness Nuclear Power Station. Despite a recommendation in the report that Appledore should also close, it has remained open into the 21st century.

Name and location
According to National Rail, this station's official name is Appledore (Kent), despite the other Appledore station in Devon having closed in 1917. On official documents and railway company websites, the station is referred to as Appledore (Kent), although signs at the station simply list 'Appledore'.

The station is located almost two miles from Appledore village and 8+1/2 mi south of Ashford International, on the B2080, a local road. Owing to its distance from the village, it is in the Parish of Kenardington, not Appledore.

Appledore is just north of a junction of a freight branch line running to Dungeness nuclear power station via Lydd. Appledore is also the start of the single track section of the Marshlink line, which runs through to Ore near Hastings with a passing loop at Rye. Along with several other stations on the line, the platforms are staggered.

When British Rail introduced widespread provision of enamel totem station signs Appledore was one of very few that had some wooden ones fitted.

History
The station was first proposed by the South Eastern Railway (SER) in June 1848 as a stop on the Ashford to Hastings line. That September, hop planters near Appledore petitioned the early construction of the line to help with harvest; however a formal decision to build a station was not taken until June 1850.

The station was designed, along with others along the line, by William Tress. The main building was built in an Italianate style with red brick with a Welsh slate roof. It opened, along with the rest of the line on 13 February 1851. A pub, the Man of Kent Railway Tavern was built in 1853 on the opposite side of the road (now the B2080). It was rebuilt adjacent to the station in the late 19th century. A waiting room was built in 1894, followed by a goods shed in 1896 and a station master's house the following year.

In 1881, Appledore was upgraded to become a junction station to cater for a branch line to Lydd, with new signals installed. The branch line opened on 7 December, and was further extended to New Romney in 1884. The station platforms were widened in June 1887 to accommodate longer trains. A line was also proposed from Appledore to Tenterden, but this was never built.

The SER subsequently merged with the London, Chatham and Dover Railway to form the South Eastern and Chatham Railway. It became part of the Southern Railway during the Grouping of 1923. The station then passed on to the Southern Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948.

The goods shed was closed in 1963. Appledore ceased to be a junction station for passengers when the branch line to Lydd and New Romney closed in 1967. However, it continued to be used for goods traffic to Dungeness.

When Sectorisation was introduced in the 1980s, the station was served by Network SouthEast until the Privatisation of British Railways.

In 2001, the station building and goods shed were Grade II listed. The main building is in good condition and has been largely unaltered since its original 1851 construction.

APTIS was once provided here until the booking office closed in the very early 1990s leaving no ticketing facilities. In 2016 Southern installed a new self-service ticket machine. The office buildings on the Ashford-bound platform are unused.

Accidents and incidents

 * On 14 March 1980, an empty stock train comprising five Hastings Unit vehicles derailed due to excessive speed through a set of points. The driver was killed. A motor coach was consequently withdrawn from service due to extensive damage.
 * On 31 July 1989, 2H diesel-electric multiple unit 205 101 collided with a van on the level crossing.

Services
All services at Appledore are operated by Southern using DMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 1 tph to Eastbourne via Hastings
 * 1 tph to Ashford International

Previously, westbound trains ran as an express service to Brighton although this was changed to a stopping service to Eastbourne in the May 2018 timetable change.

title: Appledore railway station


text:
Personal Public Service Number

The Personal Public Service Number (PPS Number or simply PPSN) (Uimhir Phearsanta Seirbhíse Poiblí, or Uimh. PSP) is a unique identifier of individuals in Ireland. It is issued by the Client Identity Services section of the Department of Social Protection, on behalf of Ireland's Minister for Social Protection.

The PPS Number was known as the Revenue and Social Insurance Number (RSI No) until 1998. RSI Numbers were first issued in April 1979 as a replacement for the separate PAYE Number and Social Welfare Insurance Number which had been used for income tax and social welfare purposes respectively until then. The PAYE Number was issued by the Revenue Commissioners and these numbers were transferred to the RSI No system as a basis for the unified system.

Today, the PPS Number is used for accessing a wide range of public services in Ireland. The Department of Social Protection maintains a list of bodies that are legally authorised to use the PPS Number.

Everyone born in Ireland from 1971 onwards has a PPS Number: it is now assigned as part of the birth registration process. Similarly, a PPS Number has been assigned to anyone who has worked or received a Social Welfare payment in Ireland since 1979.

Public Services Card
The PPS Number is a key element of the Public Services Card (PSC) issued by the Department of Social Protection. The PSC is designed to help people easily and safely authenticate their identity when they need to access public services.

The front of the card holds a person’s name, photograph and signature, along with the card expiry date. The back of the card holds the person’s PPS number and a card number. It also holds a magnetic stripe to enable social welfare payments such as pensions to be collected at post offices. For people who are entitled to free travel, the card will also display this information in the top left-hand corner.

The PSC was first introduced in 2011 for social welfare payments and is now being rolled out to other public services. It replaces both the Social Services Card, withdrawn by January 2014, and the old paper-based Free Travel Pass, which was phased out by 1 January 2016.

PPS Number format
The format of the number is a unique alphanumeric in the general form 8765432A/A. The same format was used by the Department of Education as the "Pupil Number" since 1994 and this caused some concern and confusion as it was in the same format and used the same check character formula, but more often different from the PPS No. In August 2000 the department instigated a programme to remove the Pupil Number and replace it with the PPS No in future on records. By September 2001, the Pupil Number was fully withdrawn.

The format is seven numeric characters (including leading zeros), a check character and sometimes a second letter, which if it exists, will normally be an A (for individuals) or an H (for non-individuals, e.g., limited companies, trusts, etc.) In some cases, this second letter may be a W, which was used for women - "W" from "wife" – who married and automatically adopted the same number as their husband, though this practice stopped in 1999 chiefly due to equal rights concerns. The present policy is that these W numbers are eliminated when the bearer's husband dies, or when they become separated or divorced.

Check character
The format of the PPS number was defined as being nine characters in length, consisting of 7 digits in positions 1 to 7, followed by a check character in position 8, with either a space or the letter “W” in position 9. However, from 1 January 2013 a new range of PPS numbers were introduced by including an additional alphabetic character, other than “W”, in position 9.

The character in position 8 still operates as the check character for all existing and new numbers, but the calculation used to decide this character has been revised to avoid any confusion between an old number and a new number using the same 7 numeric values in the first 7 positions.

The check character is calculated using a weighted addition of all the numbers and modulus calculation (known as Modulus 23). It therefore checks for incorrectly entered digits and for digit transposition (digits in the wrong order will alter the sum due to weightings).

Calculation
The modulus 23 calculation has been revised to take account of the extra character as follows:

 * 1) A numeric value is assigned to the alphabetic character in position 9, with "A" = 1, "B" = 2, "C" = 3, etc. Where a "W" or a blank already exists (in numbers assigned before 1 January 2013) the assigned numeric value will be zero.
 * 2) Each digit is multiplied by a weight, with a weighting of 9 assigned to the numeric equivalent of the alphabetic character in position 9. See the table for a sample calculation on the PPSN "1234567_A".

The results are added together, and divided by 23. The remainder (modulus 23) indicate the check character position in the alphabet. In the example above, 121 divided by 23 leaves a remainder of 6, and "F" is the sixth character in the alphabet. The correct PPS number is therefore 1234567FA. Where the remainder is zero, the check letter is W.

Check digit calculation in software
The following are examples of software that provide checksum verification:

PHP: The Pear class Validate_IE contains a checksum algorithm.

Thesaurus Software Thesaurus Payroll Manager payroll software.

Sage QuickPay payroll software.

Expansion
As the system allows for a maximum of ten million numbers to be issued, and with numbers having been issued to both the Irish and the legal immigrant population, expatriates, and many people who are now deceased, the current system will be in need of expansion in the not distant future.

Since January 2013, the format uses a letter after the current check character. This has the advantage that all current PPS numbers remain valid. The letter after the check character would have a weighting of nine. The letter value would be assigned the same as the check character's. A=1, B=2 ... W=0.

Examples of valid new PPSN

1234567TW

1234567FA

Usage
The number is currently used for a number of public services including education, health, housing, social welfare and tax however the net is widening raising concern about functionality creep. The number is underpinned in legislation by the Social Welfare Consolidation Act 2005 (Section 262) and a number of amendments, including data protection, have expanded its legal use as well as defining improper usage.

The number has already been issued automatically to everyone born in the Republic of Ireland since January 1971 and those who commenced or were in employment since April 1979 – the primary trigger today for the numbers' issue is birth registration. A PPS number can be applied for at a PPS Number allocation centre. Applicants should show the reason for requiring a PPS Number, and provide Photographic ID and proof of address.

title: Personal Public Service Number


text:
User talk:Renatodasil

Well, first posting.

I would like to formaly apologise to the administrators of the wonderful Wikipedia for submitting a page about myself.

As it is fair the article about me is not noteworthy, and it was considered classic vanity.

Thank you.

Renato Bacelar da Silveira

Image Tagging Image:PhotoImpression.png
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If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Stan 17:53, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Renatodasil


text:
Venizelos

Venizelos (Βενιζέλος) is a Greek surname. It may refer to:

 * Eleftherios Venizelos (1864–1936), Greek politician
 * Sofoklis Venizelos (1894–1964), Greek politician, son of the above
 * Evangelos Venizelos (born 1957), Greek politician, unrelated to the above
 * Andreas Venizelos, a fictional character in the Honorverse

title: Venizelos


text:
Ham Street railway station

Ham Street railway station is a Grade II listed stop on the Marshlink line in the village of Hamstreet, Kent, between Ashford International and Hastings. Services are provided by Southern.

Location
The station is on a dual-track section of the unelectrified Marshlink Line. Train services are provided by Southern and operated by Class 171 Turbostar diesel trains.

The booking office - open on Mondays to Saturdays mornings - is located in the main station building on the Ashford-bound platform. The two PERTIS passenger-operated self-service ticket machines - one on each platform - have now been removed and replaced with Ticket Vending machines on each platform, which allows a ticket to be purchased from any origin, as opposed to just from Ham Street. The PERTIS passenger-operated self-service machines were installed in connection with a Penalty Fares Scheme in 2008.

History
The station was built by the South Eastern Railway as one of four original stops on the line from Ashford to Hastings (the others being Appledore, Rye and Winchelsea). It opened on 13 February 1851. A goods station was added later in the year.

The original name was Ham Street. It was renamed to Ham Street & Orlestone on 1 February 1897, and then reverted to Ham Street in 1976. It was Grade II listed in 2005.

Along with several other stations on the line, Ham Street opened with staggered platforms, allowing a crossing across the railway from one to the other. After several accidents and near misses, a temporary footbridge was provided in 2014, replacing the previous flat crossing of the railway. It was replaced by a permanent bridge in 2017.

Services
All services at Ham Street are operated by Southern using DMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 1 tph to Eastbourne via Hastings
 * 1 tph to Ashford International

Previously, westbound trains ran as an express service to Brighton although this was changed to a stopping service to Eastbourne in the May 2018 timetable change.

title: Ham Street railway station


text:
Illuminations (festival)

Illuminations are secular Autumn festivals of electric light held in several English cities, towns and villages, in particular:
 * Blackpool (1879–present)
 * Matlock Bath (1897–present)
 * Mousehole (1963–present)
 * Sunderland (actually Roker and Seaburn Illuminations; 1937–1959, 1986–1990s, 2012–present).

Blackpool Illuminations
Blackpool Illuminations run for 66 days each year. They switch on in late August with a star-studded 'Switch On' show and run to early November.

At six miles (9.65 kilometres) long and using over one million bulbs, the Blackpool Illuminations are an awesome spectacle. The Blackpool Illuminations consist of a wide variety of light displays: lasers, neon, light bulbs, fibre optics, searchlights and floodlighting. There are set pieces made out of wood studded with light bulbs; the characters and objects portrayed seem to “move” by way of winking lights. Three-dimensional illuminated scenes are also popular. There are over 500 road features attached to lamp posts linked together with festoon lighting. Strings of lights along the structure of buildings pick out landmarks in luminous detail – you can always make out the Blackpool Tower and the Pleasure Beach Blackpool rides in this way.

Morecambe Illuminations
Morecambe's Illuminations once filled the promenade and gardens with a "spectacular wonderland of light" And in the resort's main park - Happy Mount Park. The lights ran from 1919 until 1996, famous faces such as Roger Moore and Noel Edmonds and even the towns most famous son and his companion, Morecambe and Wise were called upon to switch the Illuminations on for each season.

Although illuminations in there traditional way ended in 1996. Morecambe has continued to have Illumination activity.

In 2016, Shrimping.It and the Exchange in the west end completed a project of over 30 illuminated pictures, displayed in Alexandra park with local residents.

Callum Henry who had, set up an ambitious campaign of proposals in 2015 in which to bring back the illuminations. From the ups and downs, this brought the introduction of 'Luminate' began in late 2019, which would develop multiple light displays, re-imagined throughout the area. From community workshops as seen with January 2020's Expressions project over three nights along Morecambe's, coast, alongside new projects planned in an exciting programme of light festivities, bringing the illuminations back to the area. Luminate is now arguably Morecambes Modern Illuminations. As of 2021 there are further plans for to the illuminations to return to the promenade. Councillor Charlie Edwards has been working with Lancashire County Council and Morecambe BID to ensure funding for the event. In December 2021 new illuminations were installed along the promenade as part of a preliminary tatser of what the event could offer albeit on a much larger scale.

Past

 * Morecambe, 1919-1996
 * Walsall, 1951-2008 (primitive displays since 1875)

title: Illuminations (festival)


text:
User:Ieverhart

I was a student at Rice University from 2002-2006 who has found that I can waste an incredible amount of time but have a lot of fun by contributing to the Wikipedia project.

My interests include politics (especially related to the Democratic Party, Pittsburgh, and Houston) and music, particularly the organ (music).

Lately I've been spending time in Honduras with the Peace Corps, from 2006 to September 2008. My contributions should pick up again after that point, since my Internet access will be quite limited until then.

View also my web log.

title: User:Ieverhart


text:
Windows Server

Windows Server (formerly Windows NT Server) is a group of server operating systems (OS) that has been developed by Microsoft since 1993. The first OS that was released for this platform is Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server, an edition of Windows NT 3.1. With the release of Windows Server 2003, Microsoft started releasing new versions under the name Windows Server. The latest release of Windows Server is Windows Server 2022, which was released in 2021.

Microsoft's history of developing operating systems for servers goes back to Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server. Windows 2000 Server is the first OS to include Active Directory, DNS Server, DHCP Server, and Group Policy.

Windows NT Server 3.x
Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server was released on July 27, 1993 as an edition of Windows NT 3.1, an operating system aimed towards business and server use. As with its Workstation counterpart, Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server was a 32 bit rewrite of the Windows kernel that retained a similar use interface to Windows 3.1. Unlike the latter, however, Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server was a complete operating system that did not need to be run from DOS. Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server, like its Workstation counterpart, featured new features such as multiuser support and preemptive multitasking. In 1994, Microsoft released Windows NT Server 3.5. It introduced TCP/IP and Winsock support integrated into the operating system, alongside the ability to use FTP. It also supported VFAT. In 1995, Microsoft released Windows NT Server 3.51, an update to Windows NT Server 3.5, which added NTFS compression and support for the PowerPC architecture.

Windows NT Server 4.0
In 1996, Microsoft released Windows NT Server 4.0. It added the new user interface introduced in Windows 95 the previous year. In addition, it dropped support for the PowerPC, Alpha, and MIPS architectures. Microsoft updated Winsock to version 2 and IIS 2.0 and FrontPage are included.

Windows Server 202x
On 2021, Microsoft has released Windows Server 2022. It is included the Windows 10 version 21H2 counterpart.

Main releases
Main releases include:
 * Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server (July 1993)
 * Windows NT Server 3.5 (September 1994)
 * Windows NT Server 3.51 (May 1995)
 * Windows NT 4.0 Server (July 1996)
 * Windows 2000 Server (December 1999)
 * Windows Server 2003 (April 2003)
 * Windows Server 2003 R2 (December 2005)
 * Windows Server 2008 (February 2008)
 * Windows Server 2008 R2 (October 2009)
 * Windows Server 2012 (September 2012)
 * Windows Server 2012 R2 (October 2013)
 * Windows Server 2016 (October 2016)
 * Windows Server 2019 (October 2018)
 * Windows Server 2022 (August 2021)
 * Windows Server 2025 (2024, upcoming)

Traditionally, Microsoft supports Windows Server for 10 years, with five years of mainstream support and an additional five years of extended support. These releases also offer a complete desktop experience. Starting with Windows Server 2008, Server Core and Nano Server configurations were made available to reduce the OS footprint. Between 2015 and 2021, Microsoft referred to these releases as "long-term support" releases to set them apart from semi-annual releases (see below.)

For sixteen years, Microsoft released a major version of Windows Server every four years, with one minor version released two years after a major release. The minor versions had an "R2" suffix in their names. In October 2018, Microsoft broke this tradition with the release of Windows Server 2019, which should have been "Windows Server 2016 R2". Windows Server 2022 is also a minor upgrade over its predecessor.

Branded releases
Certain editions of Windows Server have a customized name:

 * Windows Storage Server (editions of Windows Server 2003 through 2016; editions of Windows Server IoT 2019 and its successors)
 * Windows HPC Server 2008
 * Windows HPC Server 2008 R2
 * Windows Home Server (an edition of Windows Server 2003)
 * Windows Home Server 2011 (an edition of Windows Server 2008 R2)
 * Hyper-V Server (a discontinued, freeware edition of Windows Server 2008 through 2019)
 * Windows MultiPoint Server
 * Windows Server Essentials
 * Windows Essential Business Server (discontinued)
 * Azure Stack HCI (an edition of Windows Server 2019 and later)

Semi-Annual releases (discontinued)
Following the release of Windows Server 2016, Microsoft attempted to mirror the lifecycle of Windows 10 in the Windows Server family, releasing new versions twice a year which were supported for 18 months. These semi-annual versions were only available as part of Microsoft subscription services, including Software Assurance, Azure Marketplace, and Visual Studio subscriptions, until their discontinuation in July 2021.

The semi-annual releases do not include any desktop environments. Instead, they are restricted to the Nano Server configuration installed in a Docker container, and the Server Core configuration, licensed only to serve as a container host.

Semi-Annual releases include:
 * Windows Server, version 1709 (unsupported as of April 9, 2019)
 * Windows Server, version 1803 (unsupported as of November 12, 2019)
 * Windows Server, version 1809 (unsupported as of November 10, 2020)
 * Windows Server, version 1903 (unsupported as of December 8, 2020)
 * Windows Server, version 1909 (unsupported as of May 11, 2021)
 * Windows Server, version 2004 (unsupported as of December 14, 2021)
 * Windows Server, version 20H2 (unsupported as of August 9, 2022)

Annual releases
The Annual Channel was first announced on July 2023, with the first version being released on September the same year. Unlike the Semi-Annual releases, each Annual Channel release would receive six months of extended support in addition to the 18 months of regular support. Annual releases are made available every twelve months, hence the name. Datacenter is the only edition available.

Annual releases include:
 * Windows Server, version 23H2

Upcoming releases
Upcoming releases include:
 * Windows Server 2025

title: Windows Server


text:
User:Cornuto

User: Cornuto
Resides: Melbourne, Australia

Interests: Motorsport, Cycling, Rockclimbing, Amateur Astronomy

title: User:Cornuto


text:
Hilltown, County Down

Hilltown is a small village within the townland of Carcullion in County Down, Northern Ireland. Hilltown is the main village of the parish of Clonduff which contains the village and the rural areas around it at one end, and the rural enclave of Cabra at the other end of the parish. It had a population of 899 people in the 2001 census. On 27 March 2011, the usually resident population of Hilltown was 1,709.

History
Hilltown sprang up within the townland called Carcullin, later Carcullion (whose name is derived from the Irish Carr Cuilin). The town was named after the Hill family. The Hill family were English politicians who also gave their name to nearby Hillhall and Hillsborough. The Hills founded the village in 1766 so that people living in the area could find employment in the linen industry. In early 1853 the constable in charge of the local Royal Irish Constabulary station, A Dunlop, exchanged posts with the constable in Rostrevor, A Morton. Morton remained in charge of the Hilltown station until after 1869.

Despite it early history, Hilltown is a strong nationalist/republican village. During the troubles, it had a small paramilitary presence, mainly through the Provisional Irish Republican Army. Each year, Irish Tricolours are erected in the village to mark the 1916 Easter Rising. Irish culture is very important and prominent in the village and surrounding area that comprises the Clonduff parish. The local Gaelic Athletic Association club, Clonduff plays a major role in the community.

2001 census
On Census Day (29 April 2001) there were 899 people living in Hilltown. Of these:

 * 27.0% were aged under 16 years and 14.4% were aged 60 and over;
 * 48.8% of the population were male and 51.2% were female;
 * 96.9% were from a Roman Catholic background and 2.8% were from a Protestant background; and
 * 5.1% of people aged 16–74 were unemployed.

2011 census
On Census Day (27 March 2011) the usually resident population of Hilltown Settlement was 1,709 accounting for 0.09% of the NI total. In Hilltown Settlement, considering the resident population:
 * 99.94% were from the white (including Irish Traveller) ethnic group;
 * 93.56% belong to or were brought up in the Catholic religion and 4.86% belong to or were brought up in a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' religion;
 * 11.76% indicated that they had a British national identity, 57.40% had an Irish national identity and 32.24% had a Northern Irish national identity;
 * 21.85% had some knowledge of Irish;
 * 2.04% had some knowledge of Ulster-Scots; and
 * 0.96% did not have English as their first language.

Places of interest

 * Goward Dolmen is a megalithic monument two miles from Hilltown on the road to Castlewellan in Cabra. It is also called Pat Kearney's Big Stone or Cloughmore Cromlech. The huge granite capstone has slipped from its original horizontal position.
 * The St Johns Church of Ireland is situated in the centre of the village. It was built by The Marquess of Downshire in the 18th century.

Education

 * St. Patrick's Primary School, Hilltown – a large primary school with over 320 pupils, most of whose leavers further their education in Newry, Castlewellan or Warrenpoint.
 * St. Paul's Primary School, Cabra – a smaller school located in Cabra which is part of the Clonduff parish, most leavers attend schools in Newry, Castlewellan or Warrenpoint.

Sports
Clonduff GAC (Chluain Daimh CLG) is the local Gaelic Club in the area. It accommodates 23 teams in all sports ranging from Gaelic football, Ladies Gaelic football, hurling, camogie and handball. The club takes part in Scór and Scór na nÓg events. It is the only club in the county to have teams competing in all 5 codes of the GAA.

title: Hilltown, County Down


text: Category:National parks of Senegal

title: Category:National parks of Senegal


text:
Blackpool Illuminations

Blackpool Illuminations is an annual lights festival, founded in 1879 and first switched on 18 September that year, held each autumn in the British seaside resort of Blackpool on the Fylde Coast in Lancashire. Also known locally as The Lights or The Illuminations, they run each year for 66 days (since 2020, this has been extended to 100+ days), from late August until early November at a time when most other English seaside resorts' seasons are coming to an end. They are 6.2 mi long and use over one million bulbs. The display stretches along the Promenade from Starr Gate at the south end of the town to Bispham in the north. Since 2020 the illuminations season has been extended to run until after the Christmas and New Year celebrations. The most recent season ran from 1 September 2023 until 7 January 2024, the upcoming 2024–2025 will run from 30 August 2024 to 5 January 2025.

History
The Illuminations were first shown in 1879 when they were described as 'Artificial sunshine', and consisted of just eight carbon arc lamps which bathed the Promenade. The original event preceded Thomas Edison's patent of the electric light bulb by twelve months. The first display similar to the modern-day displays was held in May 1912 to mark the first British royal family visit to Blackpool when Princess Louise opened a new section of the Promenade, Princess Parade. The Promenade was decorated with what was described as "festoons of garland lamps" using about 10,000 light bulbs. The local chamber of trade as well as other local businesses requested Blackpool Council to stage the event in September of the same year. The subsequent event was such a success that in 1913 the council were again asked to stage the Princess Parade lights as an end of season event. With the outbreak of the First World War there were no further displays until 1925 when the lights were again on display and extended to run from Manchester Square to Cocker Square. In 1932 animated tableaux were erected running along the cliffs from North Shore to Bispham, and the Illuminations were extended to its current length running from Starr Gate to Red Bank Road at Bispham.

In 1935 the Mayor of Blackpool, Alderman George Whittaker was due to perform the Switch-on ceremony. When he met Railway Queen Audrey Mosson, 15, he asked her to take his place. Fifty years later, in 1985, Audrey was invited back to perform the ceremony with actress Joanna Lumley.

The Illuminations were ready to shine in 1939 but the outbreak of the Second World War again interrupted the annual display and post war austerity meant the lights were not switched on again until 1949. Every year there is also the Festival of Light which features interactive installations and is described as being "a contemporary look at the concept of light and art working together to create entertainment".

Switch On
Each year the opening night of the Illuminations, The Big Switch On, held in a specially erected arena with a celebrity pulling a switch to turn on the six miles of lights. The first switch on ceremony was held in 1934 when Lord Derby flicked the switch to turn on the Illuminations. In 1993 BBC Radio 1 first broadcast the switch on ceremony live when Status Quo were the guest celebrities, before in 1997 BBC Radio 2 started to cover it which continued until 2010, when GMG Radio, under its Real Radio and Smooth Radio brands took over the broadcasting of the switch on. Each year one main celebrity pulls the switch while there are performances in the Radio 2 arena with a pre-switch on concert featuring pop bands, singers and comedians.

Modern-day Illuminations
Most visitors drive through the Illuminations by car, coach or bus. There are also open top trams which run along the tramway as well as horse-drawn landau. At Bispham there is a special walkway for the tableaux which also includes mixed media in the various large tableaux displays. The Illuminations cost £1.9M each year to stage.

For the 2007 Illuminations, Interior designer and television personality Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen best known for his appearances on the BBC television programme, Changing Rooms was commissioned to create special feature on Central Promenade outside Blackpool Tower, named Decodance. Llewelyn-Bowen had stated that he fell in love with what he called "Blackpool's high-kicking glamour and historical reputation for giddy glitz" while filming for the Holiday programme.

The displays at the cliffs from North Shore to Bispham contain forty large tableaux holding more than 5,000 square metres in surface area. There is a pedestrian walkway running the length of the tableaux displays which are set back from the Promenade beyond the tramway. Blackpool Tramway runs along the entire length of the Illuminations and there are over one million lamps in the display. In 2007 the Egyptian tableau which includes Egyptian sarcophagus, which eerily opens to reveal a mummified secret, returned after an overhaul. Also at Bispham on the clifftop was a new BBC Portal video screen.

Also in 2007 a new Doctor Who display appeared with monsters from the last three series of the show. At Gynn Square on Gynn Island, a Space Invasion with an opalescent mothership hovering more than 40 ft in the air, battling it out with eight spaceships arranged in formation defending their territory. The display which used colour-changing LEDs, was created from the popular alien craft which used to adorn the Promenade.

In October 2007, a laser beam installed on the tower for the duration of the annual Illuminations was criticised by astronomer and presenter of The Sky at Night television programme, Patrick Moore who said, "Light pollution is a huge problem. I am not saying we should turn all the lights out, that is not practical, but there are some things which are very unnecessary. The Blackpool Tower light is certainly something I do not think we should be doing. I very much oppose it." The beam could be seen 30 miles away. Moore called for the beam to be stopped. The Centre for Astrophysics at the University of Central Lancashire in Preston said the laser has added to a "spiralling problem" affecting astronomy, as astronomical research is increasing carried out at sites outside Europe due to light pollution.

At the sixth annual Banquet and Ball on 9 January 2008, organised by the holiday trade umbrella group, Blackpool Combined Association, to raise funds for the Lights, the new Head of Illuminations, Michael Wilcock revealed new plans for the future of the Illuminations. These include,

 * Plans to make the Lights, which at present are funded 80% by Blackpool Council, as self-sustaining as possible, with plans to increase business sponsorship.
 * New, all year round, triumphal arches to be erected at either end of the Illuminations, "selling the Blackpool message."
 * Extending the Doctor Who section for the 2008 season, "with eye-catching battles between Daleks and the TARDIS."
 * Increased promotion for the 2008 Illuminations season.
 * Establishment of a Friends of the Illuminations group.

Blackpool Festival of Lights
Each year in conjunction with the Illuminations the Blackpool Festival of Light, a fusion of art and light events and installations, is staged. In 2007 the Festival started on 31 August with various lighting displays throughout the town with displays by artists and also Blackpool and The Fylde College. These included a mixed media display entitled "Donkey Fest" on the cliffs at North Shore, "Water is Everywhere" by Creatmosphere at the Water Tower in North Shore which was an architectural light projection depicting moving water reflections, animating and highlighting the Water Tower building. Also, "Hypodoché" by artist Ann Carragher, an expression of the artists personal relationship between life, natural processes, and the female 'space & voice' of architecture throughout the ages. The light installation consisted of water and light was exhibited at a town centre art gallery. Also there was the United Kingdom's first Illuminated Art Car Parade on 21 October as well as the return of the Honda Goldwing Light Parade.

Illuminated cars
There are a variety of rebuilt single deck cars, of different designs, all of which were rebuilt as illuminated theme trams. These run along the illuminated part of the Promenade during the Illuminations. A campaign by the local newspaper, the Blackpool Gazette in 2006 to get one of the Illuminated trams, Western Train, back on track, resulted in a £278,000 Heritage Lottery Fund grant to restore the tramcar which first ran in 1962. It was withdrawn from service in 1999 and had stood derelict at the Rigby Road depot. The tramcar is due to return during the Illuminations Switch-On in 2008. In January 2008 it was revealed that another iconic illuminated tram, the Rocket tram, which had been in service between 1961 and 1999 but which had since then stood idle, is also due to be restored with expectation being that it would return to service for the Illuminations in 2009 at a cost of about £150,000 and with the help of the Friends of the Illuminations group.

Construction and energy
It takes twenty two weeks for all the lights to be erected in time for the Switch on each year and nine weeks to dismantle them after the display has finished. Most of the display is now operated on low voltage (12 V and 24 V) and in 2003 the Illuminations cut electricity consumption by 11% using new technology. Then in 2004 wind turbines at the Solarium on New South Promenade contributed to powering the Illuminations for the first time. The Illuminations now only use green electricity from renewable resources, comprising wind power, small-scale hydropower and Biogas. The aim was for the display to be carbon neutral by 2010.

Friends of the Illuminations
In January 2008 Blackpool Council announced plans to start a Friends of the Illuminations stating that they saw the future of the Illuminations as being more interactive, and that "the group would help us shape the future of one of the country's best, free attractions." and would also encourage worldwide support.

Blackpool Christmas Lights
Separate from the Illuminations, as part of the Festival of Light, Blackpool Christmas Lights are switched on every year in November in a very similar fashion to the Illuminations. They are located on various streets leading out of The Promenade. On Christmas Eve, and New Year's Eve, the Illuminations are switched on non-commercially to accompany the Christmas Lights.

Artists and designers

 * Emilios Hatjoullis – Designer: Tableaux displays of nursery rhymes (1960s)
 * Graham Ogden – Designer: 23 November 1987 until 31 January 2007
 * Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen – Creative Director/Designer: Decodance, Venus Reborn, Fear The Glampire, Fountainsy Island, DinoDoom, Theatre D'Amour, Bling, Diamonds Are A Queen's Best Friend (Jubilee Tableau) (2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012)
 * Andy McKeown – Designer: Local Heads (2008), Famous Heads (2011)
 * Sarah Myerscough – Artist: Concertina Critters, Dr Who, Venus Reborn, Egyptian Tableau, Decodance, Alice in Wonderland, Pirate Tableau, Ali Baba (2005 – )

title: Blackpool Illuminations


text:
Dub Housing

Dub Housing is the second album by American rock band Pere Ubu. Released in 1978 by Chrysalis Records, the album is now regarded as one of their best, described by Trouser Press as "simply one of the most important post-punk recordings."

The title is an allusion to the visual echoes of blocks of identical row houses in Baltimore, presumably reminiscent of the echo and reverberation that characterize dub. "Dub" is also a reference to Jehovah's Witnesses, who refer to themselves as "Dubs". Lead singer David Thomas was a Jehovah's Witness. On a 1979 concert bootleg recording, during the song "Sentimental Journey," David Thomas ad-libs the line "I live in a dub house!" The photograph on the cover shows the apartment building at 3206 Prospect Avenue near downtown Cleveland in which members of the band lived when this album was recorded.

Reception and legacy
At the end of 1978, NME named Dub Housing the year's eighth best album, while Sounds ranked it at number 13 on its year-end list. Robert Christgau of The Village Voice wrote in 1979, "not only is it abrasive and visionary and eccentric and hard-rocking itself, but it sent me back to The Modern Dance, which I liked fine originally and like more now". In The Village Voice's Pazz & Jop critics' poll for 1979, Dub Housing placed at number nine. The New York Times called Dub Housing "one of the finer recent new-wave records ... well worth hearing."

The album has been reissued several times: in 1989 on CD by Rough Trade Records, in 1999 on CD by Thirsty Ear Records, in 2008 on CD on Cooking Vinyl, and in 2015 on CD and vinyl by Fire Records.

Track listing
All songs written by David Thomas, Tom Herman, Tony Maimone, Allen Ravenstine and Scott Krauss.
 * 1) "Navvy" – 2:40
 * 2) "On the Surface" – 2:35
 * 3) "Dub Housing" – 3:39
 * 4) "Caligari's Mirror" – 3:49
 * 5) "Thriller!" – 4:36
 * "I, Will Wait" – 1:45
 * 1) "Drinking Wine Spodyody" – 2:44
 * 2) "(Pa) Ubu Dance Party" – 4:46
 * 3) "Blow Daddy-O" – 3:38
 * 4) "Codex" – 4:55

Personnel
Pere Ubu
 * David Thomas – vocals, organ
 * Tom Herman – guitar, bass, organ
 * Tony Maimone – bass, guitar, piano
 * Allen Ravenstine – EML synthesizers, saxophone
 * Scott Krauss – drums

Technical
 * Pere Ubu – production
 * Ken Hamann – production, recording, engineering, EQ and mastering
 * David Thomas – EQ and mastering

title: Dub Housing


text:
Uttar Pradesh Association of Dead People

The Uttar Pradesh Association of Dead People (उत्तर प्रदेश मृतक संघ, Uttar Pradesh Mritak Sangh) is an Indian advocacy group based in Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh that seeks to reclaim the legal rights of those falsely listed by the Uttar Pradesh State government as being dead.

In the overcrowded regions of Uttar Pradesh, many have resorted to bribing officials to have the owner of a plot of land declared deceased and the title transferred to their ownership (inherited). The process to undo this is long, arduous, as well as often inefficient and corrupt. The Association seeks to reverse the declarations, call attention to the problem and prevent others from being exploited in similar fashion.

The founder and president is Lal Bihari, who was "dead" from 1976 to 1994 and used the word Mritak (मृतक) in his name during the period.

After being inspired by the story of Bihari, Indian film director Satish Kaushik made a movie Kaagaz, starring Pankaj Tripathi, based on his life. It was released on ZEE5 on 7 January 2021.

Lal Bihari's problem
In 1976, 20-year-old Lal Bihari's application for loan from a bank in Azamgarh was denied, on the grounds that he was officially dead. He soon learned that his uncle had bribed a government official with ₹300 (US$) to have his nephew declared deceased, in order to inherit Lal Bihari's ancestral land holdings of about 1 acre. Subsequently, Lal Bihari lost his home.

Formation
Lal Bihari was advised by legal counsel that such a case was very common in the area, and that having his death revoked would take years. To build momentum for the legal proceedings, he attempted to draw public attention to the case in a number of ways, including changing his name to Lal Bihari Mritak (mritak is the Hindi word for 'dead'). Bihari also insulted police and government officials, throwing pamphlets at them, trying to engage them in fights and kidnapping his uncle's child, to entice them into arresting him. (By arresting him, police and officials would have to acknowledge that he was living and hence would need to produce papers for that purpose.) He had his wife apply for a widow's pension, which was denied. He also contested Indian general elections against Rajiv Gandhi and Vishwanath Pratap Singh. Another attempt he made was staging a mock funeral for himself. In 1994, the Azamargh district magistrate, Hausla Prasad Verma, declared him to be once again alive. Bihari did, however, allow his uncle to continue farming the land he had stolen.

During these efforts, he attracted the attention of thousands of "dead" citizens across Uttar Pradesh. Bihari brought these people together with the creation of the Uttar Pradesh Mritak Sangh (Uttar Pradesh Association of Dead People). He admitted in 1999 that he did not know how many people were in the group, and it had no funds. His efforts earned him the Ig Nobel Prize in 2003.


text:
List of Japanese television dramas

This is a list of Japanese television dramas, which are often referred to as dorama (ドラマ). The list includes notable dramas.

1979

 * 1) Ore wa Abare Hatchaku, First aired on TV Asahi.

1980

 * 1) Covert Journal of Yukihime's Journey (TBS)
 * 2) 3 nen B gumi Kinpachi Sensei (3年B組金八先生) (TBS)
 * 3) Hadaka no Taisho Horoki (裸の大将放浪記) (Fuji TV)

1981

 * 1) Father's kitchen (おやじの台所) (TV Asahi)
 * 2) Jikans Season 4 (事件) (NHK)
 * 3) Kita no Kuni Kara (北の国から) (Fuji TV)

1982

 * 1) Hiatari Ryōkō!, based on the manga series of the same name by Mitsuru Adachi

1983

 * 1) Oshin, created by Sugako Hashida, starring Ayako Kobayashi and Yūko Tanaka. It is based on the fictional biography of a Japanese woman.

1984

 * 1) Sanga Moyu, starring Matsumoto Hakuō II and Kenji Sawada. (NHK)

1985

 * 1) Sukeban Deka, based on the manga series of the same name by Shinji Wada
 * 2) Sukeban Deka II: Shōjo Tekkamen Densetsu
 * 3) Ponytail wa Furimukanai

1986

 * 1) Abunai Deka
 * 2) Sukeban Deka 3: Shōjo Ninpōjō Denki

1987

 * 1) Kamen Rider Black

1991

 * 1) Tokyo Love Story (東京ラブストーリー) starring Yūji Oda, Honami Suzuki

1992

 * 1) Sono toki Heartwa Nusumareta (その時ハ-トは盜まれた) - starring Sae Isshiki, Takuya Kimura and Yuki Uchida

1995

 * 1) Aishiteiru to Itte Kure (愛していると言ってくれ)

1996

 * 1) Long Vacation – starring Takuya Kimura, Tomoko Yamaguchi, Takako Matsu, Yutaka Takenouchi, Ryō, and Ryōko Hirosue
 * 2) Furuhata Ninzaburo - by Kōki Mitani starring Masakazu Tamura, and Masahiko Nishimura.
 * 3) Iguana Girl
 * 4) Itazura Na Kiss - starring Aiko Sato and Takashi Kashiwabara

1997

 * 1) Bayside Shakedown (踊る大捜査線) - starring Yūji Oda.
 * 2) Glass Mask (Series 1) (ガラスの仮面) - starring Yumi Adachi, Megumi Matsumoto, Seiichi Tanabe, and Hinako Saeki
 * 3) Love Generation (ラブ ジェネレーション)

1998

 * 1) Glass Mask (Series 2) (ガラスの仮面2) - starring Yumi Adachi, Megumi Matsumoto, Seiichi Tanabe, and Hinako Saeki
 * 2) Great Teacher Onizuka - starring Takashi Sorimachi, Nanako Matsushima, Oguri Shun, and Yōsuke Kubozuka
 * 3) Shomuni, an office lady comedy starring Makiko Esumi
 * 4) Nemureru Mori (A Sleeping Forest), It is written by Nozawa Hisashi, starring Miho Nakayama and Takuya Kimura, and features music by Mariya Takeuchi (Theme song - Camouflage) and U2 (With or Without You).

1999

 * 1) Forbidden Love (魔女の条件) - starring Nanako Matsushima and Hideaki Takizawa
 * 2) Ringu- Saishūshō-

2000

 * 1) Beautiful Life - starring Takuya Kimura, Takako Tokiwa, and Koyuki
 * 2) Food Fight - starring Tsuyoshi Kusanagi, Kyoko Fukada, Rie Miyazawa, and Takuya Kimura
 * 3) The 6th Sayoko (六番目の小夜子) - starring Suzuki Anne, Chiaki Kuriyama, Takayuki Yamada, Ryo Katsuji, and Marika Matsumoto
 * 4) Summer Snow - starring Tsuyoshi Domoto, Ryōko Hirosue, Tsubasa Imai, Ikewaki Chizuru, and Oguri Shun
 * 5) Aikotoba wa Yūki - starring Kōji Yakusho, Shingo Katori, Kyōka Suzuki, Akira Terao, Jun Kunimura, Kōichi Yamadera, and Zen Kajiwara
 * 6) Ikebukuro West Gate Park (池袋ウエストゲートパーク) - starring Tomoya Nagase, Ai Kato, Yamashita Tomohisa, Ken Watanabe, Satoshi Tsumabuki, Yōsuke Kubozuka, Shun Oguri, and Koyuki
 * 7) Trick (トリック)- starring Yukie Nakama, Hiroshi Abe

2001

 * 1) Ashita ga Arusa - starring Masatoshi Hamada, Izumi Inamori, Takashi Fujii, Shozo Endo and Naoki Tanaka, and Hitoshi Matsumoto
 * 2) Hero - starring Takuya Kimura, Takako Matsu, and Hiroshi Abe
 * 3) Strawberry on the Shortcake (ストロベリー・オンザ・ショートケーキ) - starring Hideaki Takizawa, Kyoko Fukada, Yōsuke Kubozuka, and Rina Uchiyama
 * 4) The Files of Young Kindaichi (Series 3) (金田一少年の事件簿 thirdseason) - starring Matsumoto Jun, Suzuki Anne, Kazue Fukiishi, and Haruka Ayase
 * 5) San nen B-gumi Kinpachi Sensei (Series 6) - starring Tetsuya Takeda, Aya Ueto, Mari Hoshino, Takahisa Masuda, and Shigeaki Kato

2002

 * 1) Artificial Beauty
 * 2) Leave It to the Nurses 4 (ナースのお仕事 4) - starring Arisa Mizuki, Yuki Matsushita, Kazue Itō, Naohito Fujiki, and Yumi Adachi
 * 3) The Other Side of Midnight (真夜中は別の顔) - starring Asaka Seto, Kōji Kikkawa, Koyuki, Toshiyuki Hosokawa, and Tetsuji Tamayama and features music by Miki Imai (Theme song - Hohoemi no hito) and Maaya Sakamoto (Danieru)
 * 4) Morning Musume: Shinshun! Love Stories (モーニング娘. 新春! LOVEストーリーズ) - starring Natsumi Abe, Rika Ishikawa, Maki Goto, Ai Takahashi, Risa Niigaki, Makoto Ogawa and Asami Konno
 * 5) Season of the Sun (太陽の季節) - starring Hideaki Takizawa, Ikewaki Chizuru, Yoshinori Okada, Rio Matsumoto, Sousuke Takaoka, Marika Matsumoto, Shugo Oshinari, and Kota Yabu
 * 6) Kids War 4: Zaken na yo (キッズ・ウォー4 〜ざけんなよ〜) - starring Akiko Ikuina, Yosuke Asari, Mao Inoue, Shota Saito, and Keita Saito
 * 7) Sakura (さくら) - starring Shiho Takano, Hiromi Ōta, Asei Kobayashi, Miyoko Asada, and Masami Nagasawa
 * 8) The Long Love Letter - starring Takako Tokiwa, Yōsuke Kubozuka, Takayuki Yamada, Yamashita Tomohisa, and Ren Osugi
 * 9) Kisarazu Cat's Eye (木更津キャッツアイ) - starring Okada Junichi, Sakurai Sho, Okada Yoshinori, Sato Ryuta, and Tsukamoto Takashi
 * 10) Trick 2 (トリック2)- starring Yukie Nakama, Hiroshi Abe

2003

 * 1) Good Luck!! (グッドラック!!) - starring Kimura Takuya and Shibasaki Kou
 * 2) Kimi wa Petto (きみはペット) - starring Koyuki and Matsumoto Jun
 * 3) Boku dake no Madonna (僕だけのマドンナ) - starring Takizawa Hideaki and Hasegawa Kyoko
 * 4) Ōoku (大奥) - starring Miho Kanno, Yuko Asano, Ikewaki Chizuru, Yumi Adachi, Kazuki Kitamura, and Shingo Katsurayama
 * 5) Stand Up!! (スタンドアップ！！) - starring Ninomiya Kazunari, Yamashita Tomohisa, Oguri Shun, Narimiya Hiroki, and Suzuki Anne
 * 6) Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (美少女戦士セーラームーン) - starring  Miyuu Sawai, Rika Izumi, Keiko Kitagawa, Mew Azama, and Ayaka Komatsu
 * 7) Water Boys (ウォーターボーイズ) - starring Yamada Takayuki
 * 8) Shiroi Kyotō（白い巨塔）- starring Toshiaki Karasawa and Yōsuke Eguchi
 * 9) Hotman (ホットマン, Hottoman)- starring Takashi Sorimachi, Akiko Yada, Manami Konishi & Nana Yamauchi
 * 10) Trick 3 (トリック3) - starring Yukie Nakama, Hiroshi Abe

2004

 * 1) Ace wo Nerae! (エースをねらえ!) - starring Aya Ueto and Natsuki Kato
 * 2) Crying Out Love, In the Center of the World (Sekai no Chūshin de Ai wo Sakebu – 世界の中心で、愛をさけぶ) – starring Takayuki Yamada and Haruka Ayase
 * 3) Itoshi Kimi e (愛し君へ) – starring Miho Kanno, Naohito Fujiki, Misaki Ito, Hiroshi Tamaki, and Mirai Moriyama
 * 4) Minami-kun no Koibito (南くんの恋人) – starring Ninomiya Kazunari, Kyoko Fukada, Mao Miyaji, and Seiichi Tanabe
 * 5) Orange Days (オレンジデイズ) - starring Satoshi Tsumabuki, Kou Shibasaki, and Eita
 * 6) Pride (プライド) - starring Takuya Kimura and Yūko Takeuchi

2010

 * Q1 2010
 * 1) Magerarenai Onna - starring Miho Kanno, Hiromi Nagasaku, Shosuke Tanihara and Mayumi Asaka
 * 2) Perfect Girl Evolution - starring Kazuya Kamenashi, Aya Ōmasa, Seishiro Kato and Ranko Kanbe
 * 3) Code Blue 2 - starring Tomohisa Yamashita, Yui Aragaki, Yosuke Asari and Erika Toda
 * Q2 - Q3 2020
 * 1) Asu no Hikari o Tsukame
 * 2) Yamato Nadeshiko Shichi Henge
 * 3) Mother

2014

 * 1) Saigo Kara Nibanme no Koi
 * 2) Yowakutemo Katemasu
 * 3) Dear Sister
 * 4) Water Polo Yankees
 * 5) Massan

2016

 * 1) Specialist, starring Tsuyoshi Kusanagi and Natsuna Watanabe
 * 2) Never Let Me Go, starring Haruka Ayase, Haruma Miura, Asami Mizukawa
 * 3) Love Song, starring Masaharu Fukuyama, Sakura Fujiwara, Masaki Suda
 * 4) Kazoku no Katachi, starring Shingo Katori, Kiko Mizuhara, and Juri Ueno
 * 5) Love That Makes You Cry, starring Kasumi Arimura, Mitsuki Takahata, Takahiro Nishijima and Kentaro Sakaguchi
 * Summer（July）
 * 1) House Selling Lady, starring Keiko Kitagawa, Tōru Nakamura and Yuko Araki
 * 2) Girl Who Takes Time, starring Yuina Kuroshima, Fuma Kikuchi and Ryoma Takeuchi
 * 3) Hope: Kitai Zero no Shinnyu Shain, starring Yuto Nakajima, Mizuki Yamamoto and Masaki Kaji
 * 4) And, There Were None
 * 5) Suki na Hito ga Iru Koto, starring Mirei Kiritani, Kento Yamazaki, Shohei Miura, and Shūhei Nomura

2017

 * January
 * 1) Tokyo Tarareba Musume

 * October
 * 1) Kounodori

2018

 * 1) City Hunter
 * January
 * 1) Kuragehime
 * April
 * 1) Hana Nochi Hare ~HanaDan Next Season~
 * 2) Black Pean (Season 1, 2018)
 * October
 * 1) Descending Stories: Showa Genroku Rakugo Shinju

2019

 * January
 * 1) Return of House Selling Lady - starring Keiko Kitagawa, Tōru Nakamura
 * 2) Good Wife - starring Takako Tokiwa, Kotaro Koizumi, Toshiaki Karasawa
 * Summer（July）
 * 1) Voice 110 HQ - starring Toshiaki Karasawa, Yoko Maki
 * October
 * 1) Sherlock: Untold Stories - starring Dean Fujioka, Takanori Iwata, Kuranosuke Sasaki

2020

 * January
 * 1) Absolute Zero-Criminal Undercover Investigation (S4)
 * Summer（July）
 * 1) Detective Novice - starring Kento Nakajima, Sho Hirano, Michiko Kichise, Yusuke Iseya, and Taizo Harada
 * 2) Hanzawa Naoki 2020 - starring Masato Sakai, Mitsuhiro Oikawa, Kento Kaku, Teruyuki Kagawa, Arata Furuta and Akira Emoto
 * 3) Suits Season 2 - starring Yuji Oda, Yuto Nakajima, Yuko Araki, Anne Nakamura, Shinya Kote, Honami Suzuki, and Kōtarō Yoshida

2021

 * April
 * 1) Nemesis (TV Series)
 * October
 * 1) The Men of the Wada Family

2022

 * January
 * 1) My Neighbor, Chikara
 * 2) The 13 Lords of the Shogun
 * April
 * 1) My family

2023

 * January
 * 1) Romance 101
 * 2) Captured Hospital
 * 3) What Will You Do, Ieyasu?
 * July
 * 1) Vivant
 * October
 * 1) Kyō Kara Hitman
 * 2) One Day: Wonderful Christmas Ado

2024

 * January
 * 1) Captured New Airport
 * July
 * 1) Laughing Matryoshka
 * 2) Black pean (Season 2, 2024)

title: List of Japanese television dramas


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Montréal Expos

 * St. Louis Browns redirects to Baltimore Orioles
 * Brooklyn Dodgers redirects to Los Angeles Dodgers
 * New York Giants (baseball) redirects to San Francisco Giants
 * Milwaukee Braves and Boston Beaneaters redirect to Atlanta Braves
 * Seattle Pilots redirects to Milwaukee Brewers
 * New Orleans Jazz redirects to Utah Jazz
 * Vancouver Grizzlies redirects to Memphis Grizzlies
 * Charlotte Hornets redirects to New Orleans Hornets
 * Buffalo Braves and San Diego Clippers redirect to Los Angeles Clippers
 * Rochester Royals and Cincinnati Royals and Kansas City Kings redirect to Sacramento Kings
 * Minneapolis Lakers redirects to Los Angeles Lakers
 * Philadelphia Warriors redirects to Golden State Warriors
 * San Diego Rockets redirects to Houston Rockets
 * St. Louis Hawks redirects to Atlanta Hawks
 * Chicago Packers and Chicago Zephyrs redirect to Washington Wizards
 * Fort Wayne Pistons redirects to Detroit Pistons
 * Syracuse Nationals redirects to Philadelphia 76ers
 * Chicago Cardinals and St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) redirect to Arizona Cardinals
 * Los Angeles Rams and Cleveland Rams redirect to St. Louis Rams
 * Decatur Staleys redirects to Chicago Bears; Portsmouth Spartans redirects to Detroit Lions
 * Boston Redskins redirects to Washington Redskins
 * Miami Seahawks redirects to Indianapolis Colts
 * Los Angeles Chargers redirects to San Diego Chargers
 * Los Angeles Raiders redirects to Oakland Raiders
 * Dallas Texans (AFL) redirects to Kansas City Chiefs
 * Baltimore Stallions redirects to Montreal Alouettes

IMO, we should redirect to the new team if the old team does not have enough info in Wikipedia to have a standalone page, which is not the case with the Montréal Expos. Of the above list, the Brooklyn Dodgers may be another candidate to have it's own page. ... The NFL Raiders won't sit still, so let's keep redirecting the page. :-) BTW, is there a page in Wikipedia about moving professional sports franchises ? That's a COTW, eh ? -- PFHLai 22:47, 2005 Apr 21 (UTC)
 * When a franchise moves, so with it moves its records. The Los Angeles Dodgers article lists the team's championships. The Sacramento Kings article lists the 1951 NBA Championship won when the team was in Rochester and called the Royals. Who is the all-time stolen base and all-time triples leader for the Baltimore Orioles franchise? George Sisler, who did it when the franchise was in St. Louis. Kingturtle 23:36, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Why is this list growing ? Are we laying the groundwork for a Wikipage about translocation of North American major league sports franchises ? :-) -- PFHLai 02:11, 2005 Apr 22 (UTC)

 * I am trying to show that the matter had already been figured out, not by one user, but by many users. Kingturtle 03:04, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I think many of those pages became redirects because there isn't much to write about. For a team that has left a mark in a city before moving out, a page is worthwhile.  Things should be content-driven in a wiki, not a rigid policy.  Fans of the Winnipeg Jets and the Québec Nordiques would agree that there were enough stuffs to write about to fill up a Wikipage before the Phoenix Coyotes and the Colorado Avalanche came into being, hence no redirects .  The Montréal Expos should be treated the same, as long as there are willing Wikipedians to contribute content, and there is proper navigational info that readers can easily visit both pages. -- PFHLai 04:49, 2005 Apr 22 (UTC)

Re: Expos/Nats Ownership
Correct me if I am wrong, but MLB took over team ownership from a local consortium as a "caretaker", with a plan to sell to the team elsewhere, such as Portland, Oregon or Washington, D.C. I was referring to this group as the last owners of the Expos -- they never own the Nats. I remember reading the news about these guys claiming that they had been misled in the negotiations and tried to sue to stop the team from moving or being contracted. MLB and whoever they sell the team to are and will be the owners of the Nats. -- PFHLai 23:24, 2005 Apr 22 (UTC)

Be Consistent
I don't really care what rule y'all follow, but y'all should be consistent.

You have the Baltimore Orioles history as a continuous thread going clear back to the Milwaukee Brewers minor league club of 1893. As a baseball historian, I am fine with that. But there is another way...

The way it's handled in The Sporting News Baseball Record Book, in the section on team records, they have an individual section for each franchise and city, listing year-by-year standings and individual season records. Here's how they handle the Orioles:

 * Milwaukee Brewers, 1901 (when the A.L. became major league): "Original American League franchise moved to St. Louis after the 1901 season". Home run record is 8, by John Anderson, in 1901 of course. He also holds the hits record, with 190.
 * St. Louis Browns, 1902-53: "Original American League franchise moved from Milwaukee to St. Louis after the 1901 season and to Baltimore after the 1953 season". Home run record is 39, by Ken Williams, in 1922. Hits record is 257, by George Sisler, in 1920.
 * Baltimore Orioles, 1954 to date: ""Original American League franchise moved from Milwaukee to St. Louis after the 1901 season and to Baltimore after the 1953 season". Home run record is 50, by Brady Anderson, in 1996. Hits record is 211, by Cal Ripken, in 1983.

Thus the overall franchise home run record is 50 and the hits record is 257, spread across two cities.

The reason I like their approach is that it provides a balance between franchise continuity and city integrity. In their record books prior to about 10 or 15 years ago, they used to lump them together. But they responded to fans who wanted to know "their" teams' records vs. "the franchise" records. As you might imagine, they have two listings for the Milwaukee Brewers, one for the 1901 team and one for the 1970-to-date team. They also have two listings for the Washington Senators, one for the 1901-1960 team and the other for the the 1961-1971 team.

It might be that no one much cares about the 1901 Milwaukee Brewers. But if someone wants to argue that the Washington Nats should have a distinct page while the Brooklyn - L.A. Dodgers should not, please note that those Brewers have a full season of history (in the majors), whereas this "new" Nats team has a grand total of less than 4 weeks of "history"! Arguably, so far the 1901 Brewers are more deserving of a separate page than are the 2005 Nationals.

Anyway, you need to be consistent. Who actually makes these decisions? Or is it kind of a high-tech commune?

Wahkeenah 23:42, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Oh, and by the way, the entry for the Montreal Expos reads "National League expansion franchise moved from Montreal to Washington after the 2004 season". And there is nothing under the third Washingon franchise, because they had no history yet, on the field anyway, when the book when to press.

Wahkeenah 23:45, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, we will be consistent, and we are in the process of making a decision. If the page on the Montreal Expos stays, teams like the Brooklyn Dodgers and the 1901 Milwaukee Brewers will probably get their own page.  Someone will have to put in the work and build the pages, though. -- PFHLai 16:33, 2005 May 1 (UTC)

Strong Keep
Because of the way that Major League Baseball has handled the relocation of the Montreal Expos to Washington, DC, I think the Expos page should remain as is. There are plenty of Expos fans who are not going to follow the team to DC and already are angry that the Expos history has been airbrushed by MLB. The people in Montreal are angry about how their team was taken away from them, at least leave them the history of the their team. Wikipedia is not owned by MLB, there is absolutely no reason why the Montreal Expos article cannot be kept and give Expos fans like myself a place to honor Nos Amours without having to look at a bunch of stuff about the Nationals. - --Mretalli 00:26, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia does not use anger as a reason to justify an article. Kingturtle 23:48, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

That's why this statement is on the talk page. I will post a rational argument on the voting page. --Mretalli 00:26, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Why are we going by franchises ?
I would like to know why MLB info in Wikipedia is divided into Wikipages by franchises. When there is enough info for a stand-alone page, I think it's perfectly alright to have a new page. I think it's okay for the Expos/Nats to have two pages as long as there are enough contents for two pages (a little overlap is alright), and there are good links for easy "navigation" and disambiguation. Ditto for the Brooklyn/LA Dodgers. Same goes for the A's and the Giants, if we have enough Wikicontributions. If it's Wikipedia policy to go by franchises, or to blindly (sorry if this is offensive, but I don't have a better word in mind) go by precedences, then perhaps it's time to review such a policy. -- PFHLai 23:02, 2005 May 2 (UTC)

 * 1) it's not blind. it has been standard practice here for years for MLB, NFL and NBA franchises. this is not some willy-nilly, spontaneous decision. it is a policy that was so standard, that the regular editors of the MLB, NFL and NBA didn't even discuss it or write it down as a policy. we're not talking one or two examples - there are dozens of examples (see the list on this TALK page). please take a look at how the Charlotte Hornets are dealt with in New Orleans Hornets, and how the Vancouver Grizzlies are dealt with in Memphis Grizzlies.
 * 2) all business accounts reflect this change. consider it a name change on stationery. the change is reflected in all official MLB instances. the change is reflected by all professional and amateur statisticians. the change is reflected by every media outlet. it seems the change is reflected everywhere but wikipedia.
 * 3) we don't have separate biographies for Cat Stevens and Yusuf Islam, or for Cardinal Joseph Ratzingerand Pope Benedict XVI, or for Lady Diana and Diana, Princess of Wales. they are the same people. and this is the same franchise. Kingturtle 01:48, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Regarding Kingturtle's point 1: IMO, it's time to review such an unwritten policy. -- PFHLai 04:14, 2005 May 5 (UTC) (P.S. Pls leave out the NHL pages as examples, Kingturtle. So far, pages on NHL franchises worth writing about don't become redirects after a move.)

 * The NHL officially treats its franchise situations differently than MLB, NBA and NFL. I don't know if this is because it has its headquarters in Canada, and therefore has different traditions or laws. I am not an expert in NHL legalities - I know very little about how the NHL conducts itself. From what I understand, they treat franchises differently. Kingturtle 04:20, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Kingturtle, is this enough to convince you that whether there is a redirect or not should be considered on a case-by-case basis ? -- PFHLai 04:37, 2005 May 5 (UTC)
 * It is enough to convince me to stay out of the issue of NHL franchises, because I am ignorant of how they are treated officially. Kingturtle 04:45, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Kingturtle will never be convinced. He does not see that a team is different from a franchise. Nor does he see the immense good will Wikipedia will receive for keeping a separate Expos article. - Pioneer-12 11:59, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Good will should not be a determining factor in such decisions, IMHO. If we made decisions based on good will, then we'd never have content that people didn't like - and that would go against the purpose of an encyclopedia. Kingturtle 22:25, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually, I think that, when principles such as NPOV and respect-for-honest-opinions are followed sensibly, good will is a natural result. And I also think that, all else being equal, it is better to err on the side of good will.

 * - Pioneer-12 09:14, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

Companies
One thing which hasn't been brought up is the fact that each team is a company, and Wikipedia doesn't start separate articles when a company moves or changes its name (IBM, for example, didn't take its current name until 1924, 11 years after incorporation and 36 years after its founding - it's not based in the same city anymore, either; yet the article for IBM covers the entire history of the company, regardless of name or location). I think the decision to keep separate articles in this instance was a purely sentimental one, which doesn't reflect well on an encyclopedia. MisfitToys 23:51, May 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * That is an excellent point...and i touched on that point during the voting: Travelers Group redirects to Citigroup; WorldCom redirects to MCI; Bell Atlantic redirects to Verizon Communications; GTE redirects to Verizon Communications. as far as i can tell, the ONLY time a stink has been raised about such a redirect is in the case of Expos/Nats. Kingturtle 01:51, 5 May 2005 (UTC)
 * What about Montgomery Ward? It went into Chapter 11, emerged as a subsidiary of General Electric then was dissolved completely. The name was revived in 2004 by an entirely different company, but the history is all contained within one entry rather than a redirect to GE with a separate article for the new MW. I think this is a perfectly sensible way to deal with that case because Montgomery Ward has historic significance in a way that none of the other companies you mentioned above do. I think it's a worthy goal to be as consistent as possible, but it's also important to know when to bend and break the rules you make. Baseball teams are not simply corporations like GE and Verizon. I don't think it makes sense to treat them identically.

 * I hope the contributors at the Montréal Expos page are leading the way in the continuing evolution of Wikipedia. I think it's a change for the good. ... I hope. :-) -- PFHLai 04:14, 2005 May 5 (UTC)


text:
File:Dark Forces box cover.jpg

Summary
Box cover for the computer game Dark Forces.

(C) LucasArts

Rationale
It is believed that the use of this image qualifies as fair use in the article Star Wars: Dark Forces because:

 * LucasArts has released no such images into the public domain, and a replacement image could not be created that would adequately

title: File:Dark Forces box cover.jpg


text:
Talk:Uttar Pradesh Association of Dead People

I've also seen the name translated as Association of Dead People. -- Kizor 10:47, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

On bbc, this morning, it was described as "Indian_Association_of_Dead_People".
On bbc, this morning, it was described as "Indian_Association_of_Dead_People", regarding ignobel.

List_of_Ig_Nobel_Prize_winners

Lal_Bihari_Mritak

Lal_Bihari

Association_of_Dead

Indian_Association_of_Dead

Association_of_Dead_People

hopiakuta 13:00, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

Dates
Private Eye quotes Bihari as saying he stopped being officially dead in 2004, not 1994. Ben Finn 10:56, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

page on Mritaks?
Shouldn't there be a whole page on the mritaks? The living dead? It's a subject in itself.Malick78 (talk) 08:37, 7 June 2013 (UTC)


text: User talk:195.11.221.226

title: User talk:195.11.221.226


text:
Neighborhoods in Washington, D.C.

Neighborhoods in Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, are distinguished by their history, culture, architecture, demographics, and geography. The names of 131 neighborhoods are unofficially defined by the D.C. Office of Planning. Neighborhoods can be defined by the boundaries of wards, historic districts, Advisory Neighborhood Commissions, civic associations, and business improvement districts (BIDs); these boundaries will overlap. The eight wards each elect a member to the Council of the District of Columbia and are redistricted every ten years.

As the nation's capital Washington, D.C.'s local neighborhood history and culture is often presented as distinct from that of the national government.

Ward 1

 * Ward 1 Councilmember: Brianne Nadeau
 * Population (2022): 88,846

 * Adams Morgan
 * Columbia Heights
 * Howard University
 * Kalorama Triangle
 * LeDroit Park
 * Lanier Heights
 * Meridian Hill
 * Mount Pleasant
 * Park View
 * Pleasant Plains
 * Shaw (Parts of the neighborhood are also in Ward 2)
 * U Street Corridor (Part of the neighborhood is also in Ward 2)

Ward 2

 * Ward 2 Councilmember: Brooke Pinto
 * Population (2022): 89,518

 * Burleith
 * Chinatown
 * Downtown
 * Dupont Circle
 * Federal Triangle
 * Foggy Bottom
 * Georgetown
 * Sheridan-Kalorama
 * Logan Circle
 * Mount Vernon Square (Part of the neighborhood is also in Ward 6)
 * Penn Quarter
 * Shaw (Parts of the neighborhood are also in Ward 1)
 * Southwest Federal Center
 * U Street Corridor (Part of the neighborhood is also in Ward 1)
 * West End

Ward 3

 * Ward 3 Councilmember: Matthew Frumin
 * Population (2022): 81,883

 * American University Park
 * Berkley
 * Cathedral Heights
 * Chevy Chase
 * Cleveland Park
 * Colony Hill
 * Forest Hills
 * Foxhall
 * Friendship Heights
 * Glover Park
 * Kent
 * Massachusetts Heights
 * McLean Gardens
 * North Cleveland Park
 * Observatory Circle
 * The Palisades
 * Potomac Heights
 * Spring Valley
 * Tenleytown
 * Wakefield
 * Wesley Heights
 * Woodland Normanstone
 * Woodley Park
 * Woodmont

Ward 4

 * Ward 4 Councilmember: Janeese Lewis George
 * Population (2022): 83,996

 * Barnaby Woods
 * Brightwood
 * Brightwood Park
 * Chevy Chase (Part of the neighborhood is also in Ward 3)
 * Colonial Village
 * Crestwood
 * Fort Totten
 * Hawthorne
 * Manor Park
 * Petworth
 * Riggs Park (also known as Lamond Riggs)
 * Shepherd Park
 * Sixteenth Street Heights
 * Takoma

Ward 5

 * Ward 5 Councilmember: Zachary Parker
 * Population (2022): 86,794

 * Arboretum
 * Bloomingdale
 * Brentwood
 * Brookland
 * Carver Langston
 * Eckington
 * Edgewood
 * Fort Lincoln
 * Fort Totten
 * Gateway
 * Ivy City
 * Langdon
 * Michigan Park
 * North Michigan Park
 * Pleasant Hill
 * Queens Chapel
 * Riggs Park (Part of the neighborhood is also in Ward 4)
 * Stronghold
 * Trinidad
 * Truxton Circle
 * Woodridge

Ward 6

 * Ward 6 Councilmember: Charles Allen
 * Population (2022): 99,652

 * Barney Circle
 * Buzzard Point
 * Capitol Hill
 * Lincoln Park
 * Judiciary Square
 * Kingman Park (Part of the neighborhood is also in Ward 7)
 * Mount Vernon Triangle
 * Near Northeast
 * NoMa
 * Shaw
 * Southwest Waterfront
 * Sursum Corda
 * Swampoodle (Neighborhood from the 1850s to the 1910s replaced in large part today by NoMa and Near Northeast)

Ward 7

 * Ward 7 Councilmember: Vincent C. Gray
 * Population (2022): 77,456

 * Benning
 * Benning Heights
 * Benning Ridge
 * Burrville
 * Capitol View
 * Central Northeast
 * Civic Betterment
 * Deanwood
 * Dupont Park
 * East Corner
 * East River Heights
 * Eastland Gardens
 * Fairfax Village
 * Fort Davis
 * Fort Dupont
 * Fort Stanton
 * Greenway
 * Hillbrook
 * Hillcrest
 * Hill East
 * Kenilworth
 * Lincoln Heights
 * Marshall Heights
 * Mayfair
 * Naylor Gardens
 * Northeast Boundary
 * Penn Branch
 * Randle Highlands
 * River Terrace
 * Twining

Ward 8

 * Ward 8 Councilmember: Trayon White
 * Population (2022): 77,756

 * Anacostia
 * Barry Farm
 * Bellevue
 * Buena Vista
 * Congress Heights
 * Douglass
 * Fairlawn
 * Garfield Heights
 * Good Hope
 * Knox Hill
 * Navy Yard
 * Park Naylor
 * Shipley Terrace
 * Skyland
 * Washington Highlands
 * Woodland

title: Neighborhoods in Washington, D.C.


text: Category:National parks of Mauritania

title: Category:National parks of Mauritania


text:
Battle of Ogdensburg

The Battle of Ogdensburg was a battle of the War of 1812. The British gained a victory over the Americans and captured the village of Ogdensburg, New York. Although small in scale, it removed the American threat to British supply lines for the remainder of the war.

Background
When the war broke out, a flourishing illicit trade was soon established between Ogdensburg and Prescott, Upper Canada (later to become the province of Canada West in 1841), on the Northern side of the Saint Lawrence River. This was checked early in October 1812 when the Americans reinforced the militia with some of the regular 1st U.S. Rifle Regiment under Major Benjamin Forsyth, who occupied a fort and barracks alongside the Oswegatchie River at the western edge of the town.

The British made an abortive attack on Ogdensburg with their own militia on October 4, which was quickly repulsed by the American forces, after which the militia dispersed. During the next few months, Forsyth's riflemen made several raids across the river, sniping at British troops and occasionally capturing boatloads of supplies on their way to Kingston, Ontario.

On February 21, 1813, Lieutenant General Sir George Prevost, the British Governor General of Canada, passed through Prescott on his way to review the situation in Upper Canada, accompanied by several detachments of reinforcements. He appointed local Lieutenant Colonel "Red George" MacDonell as commandant of British troops in Prescott and left him instructions that he was to attack Ogdensburg only if the Americans weakened their garrison.

The reinforcements, although there temporarily, allowed MacDonnell to improvise an attack against Ogdensburg. He planned for a company of the Glengarry Light Infantry, 70 militia and some light guns mounted on sleighs to make a frontal attack on the fort which housed Forsyth's riflemen. The main column, consisting of 120 men of the 8th (King's), 30 of the Royal Newfoundland Fencibles and 230 of the local militia flank companies, would cross the river lower down and attack from the flank.

Battle
The Americans were used to seeing British troops drilling on the frozen Saint Lawrence and were taken by surprise when they suddenly charged. The regimental Chaplain of the Glengarry Light Infantry, Alexander Macdonell, is reputed to have accompanied the attack, wielding a crucifix to encourage lagging soldiers. He was also believed to be supported by a Presbyterian minister, the Rev. John Bethune of Williamstown.

The American riflemen in the fort held out against the frontal attack, mainly because the British guns became stuck in snow drifts, and American artillery, under Adjutant Daniel W. Church of Colonel Benedict's regiment and Lieutenant Baird of Forsyth's company, fired on the British with mixed results. At the outskirts of the town, American militia bombarded the British force with their artillery. A British flank party maneuvered to the least guarded part of the ground and broke through the weak part of the defense. American militia who had been dislodged from their position fell back while conducting a harassing fire by shooting at the British from behind houses and trees. More British flankers maneuvered through the gap to strike the American militia’s main defense from behind. Soon, the British attacking from the front and rear overran the position. The remaining American militia ran farther into the village where some of them took cover in or behind houses while providing harassing fire against the British. The British overran them, leaving Forsyth’s position as the only remaining obstacle.

Benjamin Forsyth had placed his riflemen behind stone buildings as shelter. When the British came closer, Forsyth’s riflemen and artillery opened heavy fire causing a number of casualties to the British raiders. The British soon overran this position also and the Americans retreated. Some of the American militia surrendered or were captured, others fled to other towns or hid amongst the civilian population.

Casualties
The British casualty return listed two British regulars, two men from the Glengarry Light Infantry, one man from the Dundas County Militia and one other militiaman killed; 12 British regulars, 12 of the Glengarry Light Infantry and 20 militiamen wounded, for a total of six killed and 44 wounded.

Lieutenant Colonel Macdonell reported that 20 Americans were killed and 70 captured, of whom many were wounded. An American account gave their loss as 26 killed and wounded and about 60 taken prisoner, a figure which suggests that only six of the wounded men escaped capture.

Forces
British Forces involved at the battle included:

 * Royal Newfoundland Regiment
 * 1st Regiment of Dundas County Militia
 * 1st Regiment of Grenville Militia
 * 2nd Regiment of Grenville Militia
 * 1st Regiment of Leeds Militia
 * 1st Regiment of Stormont Militia
 * Glengarry Light Infantry Fencibles (Captain John Jenkins)

Aftermath
The British burned two American gunboats and two schooners frozen into the ice, and carried off sixteen artillery pieces and other military stores. There was some looting of private property, but some of the plundered goods were later returned. Some poorer citizens of Ogdensburg also helped themselves to the contents of looted stores.

The normally cautious Prevost amended MacDonell's despatch reporting the victory to make it appear that the attack had been carried out on, rather than against, his orders.

After the British withdrew, Major Forsyth requested 300 reinforcements to recapture Ogdensburg. The citizens objected, fearing that the town would become the target for frequent destructive raids and counter-raids. Forsyth and his surviving riflemen withdrew to Sacket's Harbor. The Americans did not re-garrison Ogdensburg and the British were able to purchase supplies from American merchants there for the remainder of the war. Prominent citizens of Ogdensburg frequently crossed the river to dine with British officers. The Ogdensburg area may have been populated by more Tories and Federalists than was previously thought.

title: Battle of Ogdensburg


text: Category:National parks of Mali

title: Category:National parks of Mali