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Talk:Queen Camilla/Archive 1

Diana etc
Well, JTD! I don't want to start an edit war, so let's hold the debate here. What I wrote was correct. I assume you didn't see the recent documentary, but the sources for the statement that Charles and Camilla were...um...intimate throughout his engagement to Diana and right up to the last few days before the Royal Wedding are impeccable. So your statement about their relationship being "rekindled" is ambiguous. It was actually rekindled twice, once after Camilla got married but before Charles did, and again after Charles and Diana fell out. In the ten years or so between, they were "just good friends". As for Diana and Camilla ever having been on friendly terms, that's questionable. It's true that Charles introduced them, intending them to become friends, but it seems unlikely that they were more than social acquaintances, even before Diana found out what was going on. Deb 21:37, 4 Aug 2003 (UTC)

The claim about Chas and Cam in the immediate run-up to his wedding is dodgy. Their 'night together' before the wedding involved sitting in a room chatting with people walking in and out (friends, staff, etc) every couple of minutes. Unless they had the ultimate quickie they could not have done anything. One member of the Prince's staff, who entered the room constantly said the conversation was an 'end of an era', 'do you remember the time. . . ? type conversation that didn't remotely suggest an ongoing affair, merely two friends, one of whose lives was about to change for ever with his marriage. Other suggested liaisons are similarly unreliable. I have seen no credible sources, merely people who certainly don't meet encyclopædic standards of credibility. As for Di and Cam being friendly, apparently they were throughout the engagement and for a couple of months, perhaps as long as a year, into the marriage, with a suggestion from Diana's dressmaker that Diana may even had asked Camilla for advice on her wedding outfits. So that suggests more than social acquaintances.

The article reflected a belief in Diana's interpretation of events and failed to point out that Camilla and Andrew's marriage was effectively over by the 1980s as her husband had a longtime mistress whom he eventually married. The suggestion that the Chas and Cam affair broke up two healthy marriages is distinctly POV. Both were in unhappy marriages with difficult spouses. Both bitterly regretted not marrying when they had the chance. Camilla thought that Charles, by not asking her to marry him before going off for a long stint abroad with the navy meant that marriage was off the cards. He was hesitant because, as he said himself, he was conscious that he was also choosing the next queen. If it was just him personally marrying he would have asked her, but he decided to wait to make sure he felt the same way when he came back because, ironically in the circumstances, he felt he could not afford to get it wrong. When he came back Camilla was engaged to someone else, and realised almost as soon as she had married Andrew that it was a monstrous mistake, by which time it was too late. And their divorce when Charles talked of the affair wasn't because Andrew suddenly had found out; he had known all the time and wasn't put out about it, he had his own lady friends to entertain. It just gave them the chance to end the charade; she to be with the person she had always loved, he to marry the woman he had in reality been with for years.

I know someone who knew both Charles and Diana (he worked as a diplomat in London in the 1980s) and he found Diana difficult in the extreme. He'd get warnings if he was going to an engagement from a member of her staff he knew over the phone before he set off: 'madame is in a mood'. She fell out with every single person who worked for her; she sacked every one of her personal staff, her PR agent when asked by a journalist about her hissing "I never want to work with someone like that again." (It was off the record, but the journalist in question I went to college with and he told me the story recently. On the record comments would be of the poor Diana variety, off the record they would be off the bitch from hell type.) She fell out with Elton John, who had no idea why. By the time of her death she was not on speaking terms with her mother, brother and one of her sisters. At the time of her father's death she had not been on speaking terms with him. She fell out with John Major who tried to look after her interests, her lawyers in the divorce case, the doctor she was seeing after the marriage who accused her of trying to trick him into marriage by secretly visiting his family and telling them they were engaged, even some of the journalists who she had used to plant stories. Even the dim-witted James Hewitt couldn't cope with her, while she almost wrecked James Gilbey's marriage and got herself very nearly prosecuted for more incidents than are publicly known about.

One thing I always do when reading a book is first of all check some fact I know for sure. If they have that fact right, I trust the book 60%. If they get that basic fact I know wrong, I bin the book unread. In the case of the Charles/Diana/Camilla mess, I know 5 people who knew all three pretty well; a diplomat, an academic and three journalists. All five reported the same experience. Two people who were madly in love, stuck in unhappy marriages and bitterly regretting not marrying when they got the chance; Charles and Camilla. And Diana, whom they found one of the most complex human beings they ever came across; genuinely nice, yet an absolute tempermental nightmare, a paranoid fantasist who destroyed almost every relationship she ever had with her mood swings, more often than not leaving the person she had broken off relations with completely puzzled as to the reason. All five said what amazed them was not that the marriage broke up but that Charles stuck it for so long. Most people with a spouse as difficult would have divorced in a year. Three incidents come to mind. Charles asked to play a cello at a public function (to his embarrassment), so Diana upstages him by getting the eye of a Sun photographer and raising her skirt high enough to ensure that the cameras focused on her rather than her husband. Charles again asked to play the cello, so again to upstage him she pushes past the organisers of the function and to Charles' embarrassment, the organisers' embarrassment, and even the embarrassment of the media there, beginning to play the piano very loudly to drown him out. And Diana, throwing a tantrum because he was going to play polo, demanding to be brought even though she hated the sport. He agreed, brought her, came back straight to directly after the game to find that she had been bored silly. Her response was to scrape his face and kick him in the shins so bad he needed an x-ray. But with blood on his face and hobbling he went over to astonished journalists who had witnessed the event and pleaded with them not to write about it, how Diana was stressed and how any coverage of the event would be traumatic for her, given that she devoted one hour every morning to reading every word written about her. They didn't for over a decade. All these incidents happened long before he and Camilla got together again. In the circumstances are you surprised he ended up with the quiet supportive funny Camilla rather than the shin-kicking, face-scraping tempermental Diana and her long list of ex-friends and even longer list of ex-employees? :-) FearÉIREANN 23:42, 4 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * What a very very non-NPOV interpretation of the events. I'm surprised at you (actually, I'm not really, and I can see how you got there).  Diana's character or the state of her marriage to Charles is quite irrelevant to the facts (but you should bear in mind that she was 19, and her character completely unformed, when she became engaged to him).  It is now known that Camilla was the woman who boarded the royal train and spent the night there while the press were still speculating on the possibility of Charles and Diana becoming engaged.  It is also known that, after the "final" meeting which you describe above, Camilla made a public show of saying goodnight to Charles, then they spent the night together elsewhere.  Camilla and Andrew had an open marriage, and both of them had affairs.  These facts are as indisputable as the fact that Diana had affairs with other men.  I'm now going to go and render the article more NPOV. Deb 18:19, 5 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Good rewrite. As you have may have guessed, I'm not a fan of the Diana as martyr, Charles as villan school of analysis. From what I have heard from people who knew them, both were genuinely good people with mucked up childhoods, both with low self-esteem who needed the companionship of someone who could be 100% supportive, and both were utterly and completely incompatible. Two 'normal' people in that sort of relationship would have had difficulty making a marriage work. But their marriage had no chance because of the incompatibility of their personalities and all the external pressures on them; large periods where their work would keep them away from each other, a rigidly organised life, media intrusion, surrounded by 'his' and 'hers' staff, well really 'hers' and 'hers' as Diana sacked all of Charles' staff one by one, then sacked her own; one poor man with 30 years service was supposedly sacked at 3am!, gotten up out of bed by a screaming Diana who imagined that he was 'one of the enemy' who didn't just want him sacking but for him and his family to move out of their grace and favour apartment immediately, at 3am! Charles is supposed with the help of another staff member to have carried her back to their apartment, kicking and screaming. The next morning Charles consulted a psychiatrist and asked whether his wife needed his serious help. The story never got out and the sacked staff member has been offer blank cheques from the tabloids but won't tell his story. I only heard it from the diplomat who heard it from a friend who worked for C&D and who said simply "Madame is mad. She desparately needs help how can she get it with all the media watching?" Apparently the final breakdown in the marriage followed the birth of Prince Harry. Charles joked that the baby had the red hair of the Spencers and the chubby fingers of the Windsors, and said he wished he had had the hair of the Windsors and the fingers of the Spencers. (Charles hates his chubby fingers!) She took it as a personal slight and never forgave Charles, saying she knew them her marriage was over!!! Those staff who hadn't been sacked left, finding Diana now impossible. Charles turned to Camilla as the one person he felt emotionally on the same wavelength on, leaned on her for support and that led to a resumption of their sexual relationship.

The curious thing about Charles and Diana is that neither realised how good they were at their job. Diana, in a classic case of clinical depression, negatised everything around her, saw her own mistakes and magnified them out of all proportion, then imagined everyone was against her, hence the sacking of staff, the breakdown in the relationship with the Queen (who apparently did far more than was realised to try to get close to her but gave up in the end) and her paranoia about Charles' friends, not just Camilla. Charles continually thinks of himself negatively; on an official visit to Ireland some years ago he thought he performed "adequately". Not in the eyes of Irish politicians who met him; having read media reports and been prepared for a difficult, slightly loopy character we wowed them with his slick professionalism in the job. One senior minister at the time told me "god but that man is good." He charmed the Irish media, delivered a personally researched and written speech on anglo-Irish relations, rather than the Foreign Office draft, that highly impressed people, etc. When he left Irish leaders described him as one of the most impressive foreign visitors ever to visit Ireland, not least because they found him very well briefed and in contrast to most official visitors, not putting on an act but genuinely interested and clearly trying to do the right thing. In fact most felt sorry for him. The British press sent journalists to cover the visit not to report what he did or said, or the favourable impression he made, but simply to be there in case he was pelted with eggs or assassinated! They openly said it. It must be horrendous as a human being to find that people from your own country are watching you not to see you do a good job but to watch out for a mistake or to see will someone kill you! I know if I was in that position, I'd tell them to fuck off, quit the job and try to live a normal life somewhere else. But he feels that it is his duty to keep doing the job inspite of the 'assassination watch' around him. It is not a life I would like to have. As a result I don't blame him for a relationship with the one human being he found a bond with, someone already in a marriage over in all but name, the person whom he regards as his soulmate. Everyone deserves that at least. Here endeth the Lesson. :-) wikilove, FearÉIREANN 20:02, 5 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * Wow! I have no fondness for the Royal family at all, I think it's a dozy institution and we should grow up and scrap it.  I avoid reading newspaper stories about the Royals.  But, blimey, I'm glad I read that lot.  Thanks for that extraordinary insight.  Truly, horribly marvellous. --bodnotbod 08:41, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC)

Parker Bowles is not Parker-Bowles, then?
And references to "Parker Bowles" always refer to Mr Parker Bowles. The misuse gives an unintentional "gay" subtext, that's humorous but distracting. Affectations of familiarity do need to be correct. "Camilla" would do, if "Mrs Parker Bowles" just won't. ...I inserted a reference to Thomas Cubitt, who is not utterly unknown... Wetman 01:58, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

What's the gay subtext then? (maybe it doesn't work outside the USA?) 82.44.93.140 09:50, 16 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Scotland & legal matters
Her title will be HRH the Duchess of Rothesay in Scotland. In order for her not to become Princess of Wales doesn't the Queen need to issue new Letters Patent? And isn't an Act of Parliament needed to prevent her from becoming Queen-consort.
 * An Act of Parliament would be needed for both. (Well, there's a slight chance that she could be styled HRH The Duchess of Cornwall with Letters Patent, but an Act of Parliament would definitely be needed to stop her actually being HRH The Princess of Wales.) As to her style in Scotland, I'm not sure what it would be even without all this nonsense Clarence House is putting out. The Prince of Wales, of course, is HRH The Prince Charles, Duke of Rothesay, but HRH The Princess Charles, Duchess of Rothesay seems unlikely. Anyway, he's only really styled that because it was the style of the heir to the Throne of Scotland, and as the Princess of Wales (which she will be, short of Tony Blair taking Parliamentary time to pass a law to say otherwise) will not be heir to the Throne of Scotland normal rules should really apply (the Duke of York, for instance, isn't called "HRH The Earl of Inverness" in Scotland). Proteus (Talk) 18:43, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Unopposed Acts of Parliament don't take very long at all though (and I can't imagine this would be opposed in any significant way). It would surely just be a one-line Bill (something like "On her marriage to Prince Charles, Camilla Parker Bowles can not take the title 'Princess of Wales', or Queen Consort on his ascent to the throne), and they then have the Second Reading, no speakers beyond the actual reading, Speaker calls for a (verbal) vote, which takes less than a minute (they literally just shout "Aye" or "Nay" when prompted) the Ayes Have It, go to the Lords, same again (except it would be Contents and Non-Contents, not Ayes or Nays), and once more for the Third Reading, run round to Buckingham Palace, it could be an Act in three or four hours, taking up less than an hour total of Parliamentary time. -- SoM 19:52, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * The whole thing's really weird, but I've got a feeling that Camilla's title is just a question of what Buckingham Palace decides. I think the act of Parliament, if it had been needed at all, would have been needed to allow them to marry, not to decide which title she takes. They seem to be considering legislation purely for reasons to do with the Civil List. Deb 23:05, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * The Prince of Wales's previous wife was known as the Duchess of Rothesay in Scotland (I could hardly imagine using awkward forms such as "Their Royal Highnesses The Duke of Rothesay and The Princess of Wales"), so I presume that the same would apply to Parker Bowles. -- Emsworth 23:31, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

There is no need for an Act of Parliament to allow them to marry. Afterall Parliament would be pretty busy if they needed to pass legislation any time a person in the line of succession decided to marry. In any case, Charles is a citizen of the UK, and free to marry without Parliament meddling in his affairs. The UK government could have advised the Queen against giving permission under the Royal Marriage Act, but there is doubt over whether the Act can be enforced (eg against human rights legislation) Astrotrain 15:14, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * It's not about being in the line of succession. It's about being the heir to the throne and about being the future head of the Church of England. Deb 15:56, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

There's an interesting precedent. When His Royal Highness the Duke of Windsor (formerly Edward VIII) married, his wife became the Duchess of Windsor. However, against all precedent she was never allowed to call herself Her Royal Highness. This was no doubt due to the hostility between her and the new Queen. - RB

the Commonwealth
Would she still become Queen of the Commonwealth Realms? Do any of their governments need to give their consent? Didn't Canada's privy council assemble to approve Charles's marriage to Diana? (Alphaboi867 19:12, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC))

 * British royality do not need the permission of the Commonwealth realms to marry, because they are not citizens of those countries, therefore not subject to their laws and regulations. Camilla will automatically become Queen consort of the realms to which Charles becomes King upon his accession. They can of course pass laws preventing this, but I imagine that a unified Commonwealth position would be set. I would guess that the UK Parliament would pass the necessary legislation for Camilla to become a Princess Consort, and that the other realms would give permission for the laws to be applicable in their own lands, under provisions in the Statute of Westminster 1931 Astrotrain 22:11, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * I should have been more clear. Does the Queen act on the advice of the Prime Ministers of the Commonwealth Realms on whether or not to give her permission under the Royal Marriages Act.  She does act on the British PMs adivce.  And a Queen-consort's style make no mention of a realm ie Her Majesty, Queen May.  Prince Phillip is only a prince of the UK, not Canada, Australia, New Zealand, etc.  There hasn't been a female royal consort since seperate styles for each realm were intrduced.  Are Queens-consort of a specfic country or to their husband?  The UK parliament does need to pass a law to preven her from becoming Queen, but I don't think the Commonwealth Realms' parliaments need to do anything unless the they decide to exclude any children that may result from the union from the line of succesion (I know how unlikely it sounds).  The confusion over the Lady Louise Windsor's style won't compare to the one over Camilla's unless the British government introduces new laws.  (Alphaboi867 23:34, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC))

 * Both Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth were Queen consorts after the division of the crown. Both were styled Queen in the Commonwealth realms. Under the Statute of Westminster 1931, the Commonwealth realms would not pass individual laws on the line of succession. The only ever case when the line of succession has been changed since the Act of Settlement was His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 which allowed the abdication of Edward VIII. That Act was passed by the UK Parliament, and the realms gave permission for the Act to be applicable in their lands (except Ireland, which passed its own law). I would imagine that the Queen informed the realms of Charles decision to marry Camilla, but would ask Tony Blair's advice on the Royal Marriages Act, as this is a UK law, and not related to the line of succession. Astrotrain 15:09, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * The Royal Marriages Act is not just an UK law. Due to the Canadian Patriation of the Constitution in 1982, the Royal Marriages Act became Canadian law as well as it became part of the whole Constitution of Canada.  Similarly, the Act of Settlement, 1701, became Canadian law as well. (Eddo)

 * As I understand the legal framework in New Zealand, we don't have a peerage. New Zealanders have, however, been made peers of the United Kingdom using New Zealand territorial designations. The most recent was Lord Cooke of Thorndon (Thorndon is a suburb of Wellington). Now this may seem to be off-topic but it might be that a similar situation applies to royalty. By custom and convention, perhaps, we honour the UK styles and titles, because we share the same fount of honour. The term "Prince of the United Kingdom" was used in the letters patent that made Prince Philip an HRH. We still call him Prince Philip in New Zealand. So I'm coming to the conclusion that there is no reason to think even Diana, had she remained married to Charles, would have become Queen of New Zealand automatically. There would have had to be letters patent to style her that way. Otherwise it would be "Their Majesties, the King of New Zealand and the Queen of the United Kingdom".
 * You said that Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth were Queens consort after what you call "division of the crown". New Zealand has only formally had a separate title since the Royal Titles Act 1953, under the current Queen. Other realms may have been quicker to act, but it's possible that this has never been tested.
 * Ben Arnold 15:00, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * As far as I know, NZ was a seperate monarchy after 1931, the British Act of Parliament, the Statute of Westminster allowed for this. I don't think NZ confirmed the position for some time, till after the war. NZ was still legally independent tho (eg the NZ govt gave permission for His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication 1936 to apply in NZ and allow Edward VIII to abdicate. Although NZ doesn't have a peerage, I think the consort of a NZ King would still be called Queen of NZ as a courtsey title, even if there is no specific NZ law to confirm this or say otherwise. Of course, the Queen consort would have no legal position in NZ. Astrotrain 16:08, Mar 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * It could be difficult to change the rules in every Commonwealth country. Australia requires every state parliament and the Commonwealth Parliament to pass a so-called 'Request and Consent' act in order to apply the Statute of Westminster or the Australia Acts (these are the laws that allow changes to law that were once the province of Westminster). The problem is that requires 7 different parliaments, all but one bicameral, i.e. 13 different chambers to agree. Each of these chambers has a different make-up, though. Some are Labor, some are Coalition and some are hung with some combination of Greens, Democrats and independents holding the balance of power. Now, this is just one country. A similar process would have to occur in every Commonwealth country for the Commonwealth to present a unified face. I'm not saying it's impossible, but it would be difficult.

Catholicism
a couple of interesting links:

http://www.sanluisobispo.com/mld/sanluisobispo/news/world/10869600.htm which says "Parker Bowles, a Roman Catholic, also is divorced."

and http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/content/news_syndication/article_050211brien.shtml which says "were [Camilla] Parker-Bowles a Catholic, the Prince of Wales would, by marrying her, automatically lose his right to accede to the throne"

so i figured i'd come here and find out whether she is or isn't, and the consequences for the inheritance of the throne, but i couldn't find any mention of her religion on this page. anyone know what the facts are? will the 1701 act of settlement be repealed?

additional: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/02/10/ureaction.xml says "Her previous husband was Catholic, but she was never Catholic." Is this where the confusion is coming from?

 * Yes. She isn't Catholic; her former husband is. Proteus (Talk) 11:06, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I just made an edit that could be controvercial - that she won't be called Queen because someone who has married a Catholic can't be on the throne. I'm not 100% on this.   — PhilHibbs | talk 12:36, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * She isn't covered because a consort is not the sovereign. She isn't in the line of succession, so she isn't covered by the Act of Settlement Astrotrain 19:33, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)

The Catholicism issue is critical (no matter how abhorent) to Prince Charles' succession as the Act of Settlement 1701 is very clear on this matter and hence the question as to whether Camilla Parket-Bowles ne Shand is Catholic should be tested. So, is it possible to clarify where she was formerly married, what type of marriage ceremony was conducted, and whether she ever took Catholic communion?

>The Catholicism issue is critical (no matter how abhorent) to Prince Charles' succession as the Act of Settlement 1701 is clear

What about the new EU constistution? That would probably annul all domestic UK law containing any religious discrimination. Although it is already illegal under diverse UN declarations. Otherwise the Pope and the King of Spaim could try to scramble a new Great Armada and take the matter in their own hands. Or just contract the IRA.

 * The constitution wouldn't do this. This sort of thing has been debated before. It's likely that the succession arrangements are already incompatible with the UK's own human rights and anti-discrimination laws, but an exception is made because of the massive complexity of the work that would have to be done to remove the remaining anti-Catholic rules from laws concerning royal matters. For example, all of the Commonwealth Realms would have to pass identical legislation at the same time. This is unlikely to happen at all unless the issue becomes pressing (e.g. Prince William converts to Catholicism, thereby excluding himself from succession under the present arrangements). I doubt the succession will ever be reformed until the monarchy is eventually abolished. — Trilobite (Talk) 21:14, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * If the monarchy is abolished, then there will be no succession! Astrotrain 22:31, Mar 24, 2005 (UTC)

Article title
After the 8th of April, what would the title of the article be? "Princess Charles, Duchess of Cornwall" seems ridiculously obscure, while "Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall" suggests that she has divorced her royal husband. "Camilla Parker Bowles" would, similarly, be incorrect, as she would no longer have the surname Parker Bowles. -- Emsworth 19:52, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I guess a new article should be created with her offical full title/name and everything else (including this page) should forward to it. I dunno if the is wiki-precedent for this type of thing, I'm sure there must be. -- Adam 19:56 GMT, 12 Feb 2005

It should be at "Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall" jguk 20:30, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Indeed. We have Sophie, Countess of Wessex as a precedent. (And thanks to our helpful Royalty intro format, we can quite happily write "Her Royal Highness The Princess Charles, Princess of Wales (Camilla Rosemary Mountbatten-Windsor, née Shand, formerly Parker Bowles) (born 17 July 1947), styled HRH The Duchess of Cornwall, is..." :-) ) Proteus (Talk) 20:44, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Let's just hope Charles never ascends the throne, otherwise we'll have to have that debate again. Precedent dictates that she will have to go back to either "Camilla Parker Bowles" or "Camilla Shand" once she becomes a consort. Deb 15:53, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Naming conventions (names and titles) would seem to suggest that, as an existing Queen Consort, she should switch to Camilla of the United Kingdom, only going back to Camilla Parker Bowles after her death. Proteus (Talk) 16:16, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Camilla, Princess Consort would be more in line with her wishes - and consistent with Anne, Princess Royal. However, God willing, the Queen will continue to enjoy good health, so that this question does not arise for real for many years, jguk 18:01, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

She won't be "The Princess Charles" any more than Diana was. Camilla, Princess of Wales known as the Duchess of Cornwall. AndyL 04:26, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Since Diana was "HRH The Princess Charles, Princess of Wales" during her marriage, I fail to see what you're getting at here. Proteus (Talk) 08:15, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

We're really jumping the gun here. She is NOT the Duchess of Cornwall until they marry. I'm going to rever the title. When she becomes invested with the title, THEN move her here. RickK 05:21, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)

Ha! I was hoping Emsworth would be able to answer this one, but he's asking the question. I think "Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall" would be the best title, but not until the wedding of course. Then, when she's Queen, "Camilla, Princess Consort" will probably be best as that's how she will be known. This may change of course, and she may end up being known as Queen, but we'll cross that bridge when we come to it. Probably years off yet. — Trilobite (Talk) 21:06, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Jumping the gun!
Will people please stop moving this page to Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall and refering to her as Her Royal Highness in the opening paragraph! She isn't married yet. Untill April 8 she's just plain Mrs. Camilla Parker Bowles. While it's true that barring some catastrophe she will marry, Wikipedia doesn't predict the future. Either Charles or her could die before the wedding, preventing her from ever holding the title. And she should not be list on the Royal familly template either. (Alphaboi867 05:28, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC))

>Will people please stop moving this page to Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall

In fact no wiki article should have any similar styled title. People must always be encyclopedically referred to by their birth name, because that one is unchangeable. Titles are not. Countless numbers of monarch has been kicked out or executed and ridiculized by the PEOPLE thorughout centuries. The chance that QEII will be dethronized and become a pauper some day after a republican revolution in the UK or an Islamic invasion of Europe is very low, but not nil.

I think this issue should be more generically discussed in the Wikipedia administrative grand council. I insist corresponding articles should always be under the people's birth names, not titulars or otherwise honorary or fantasy names. E.g. typing Marilyn Monroe in Wiki should redirect to Norma Jean and John Paul II should redirect to Karol Wojtyla, not vica versa! Titles can be taken away and faiy tales do collapse, the only thing you have unchanged is people's birth name. Should it become ever proven conclusively that Jesus of Nazareth did not in fact exist at all, he will not be pope any longer, but he will still be Karol Wojtyla. OK, this example is a very steep one, but you should get the gist.

There are also legal issues. Some countries (e.g. USA) do not recognize noble titles or otherwise feudal badges. Some countries (e.g. my country Hungary) outright ban their use. Using people's birth names is free of problems. Warning: if Wiki intends to integrate with Google this will a big issue.

 * That is a ridiculus suggestion. A large percentage of people are not known by their birth name, either because they took on a different name for commerical reasons (eg Reginald Kenneth Dwight became [{Elton John]]), marriage (Camilla Shand became Camilla Parker Bowles) or titles (eg Princess Elizabeth of York became Elizabeth II). Even if QEII was deposed, she would still be on wikipedia as EII of the UK, as that is what she is and always will be known as. It is not illegal in the USA to mention or call someone by a regal or noble title, President Bush always addresses QEII as Your Majesty. I'm sure the Hungarian President would do the same. Perhaps you mean of course that Hungary bans its ex-royals from using their royal titles, but they cannot ban anyone else using them. Astrotrain 20:38, Mar 10, 2005 (UTC)

Sincerely: Tamas Feher, Hungary

Future Titles
Re the future titles entry ... The inclusion of these seems unnecessarily speculative, so I have removed this section. It also was uninformed. For one example, though Camilla will become after her marriage, technically and correctly, HRH The Princess Charles, Duchess of Cornwall, she will not be "Princess Camilla," unless she is granted that distinction (see entries re Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, and Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent). Even Diana, Princess of Wales's entry notes that she objected to being called "Princess Diana," because technically she was not that. It was a casual convention used by the public and the media. Mowens35 13:39, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Signature
The new signature of the Queen Consort has been released, "Camilla R". A picture of it is on the daily mail site, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11344693/King-sends-telegrams-reign-people-celebrating-100th-birthdays.html Jjfun3695 (talk) 03:29, 24 October 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Queen Camilla/Archive 1


text:
Panavia (Panama)

Panavia was an airline based in Panama City, Panama. Established in 1994, it operated chartered cargo flights out of Tocumen International Airport, Panama City. In 2006, Panavia was shut down.

Destinations
In 2005, Panavia operated scheduled flights to Bogotá, Mexico City and San José.

Fleet
At closure, the Panavia fleet consisted of the following aircraft:
 * 1 Boeing 727-100F
 * 1 Boeing 727-200F

title: Panavia (Panama)


text: Template:Direct Capetians sidebar

title: Template:Direct Capetians sidebar


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Cyclopia intermedia

Cyclopia intermedia is a species of flowering plant in the legume family. So called honeybush tea is made from fermented leaves and stems of this plant.

title: Cyclopia intermedia


text: Category:Portuguese explorers

title: Category:Portuguese explorers


text:
User:Aholtman

Angela Holtmann
I registered as a wikipedia user on 9 April, 2005.

Here you may find an overview of my user pages on other Wikimedia projects.

Articles started by me

 * Hausdorff Center for Mathematics (21 July, 2009)
 * René Schoof (7 May, 2012)
 * Rottneros Park (1 December, 2020)

Articles started by me in my User namespace

 * User:Aholtman/Christen Pedersen Aaberg (3 December, 2022) (translation from da.wikipedia.org with intermediate steps at de.wikipedia.org ;-))
 * User:Aholtman/Sokoliv Kamin (17 January, 2023) (translation from uk.wikipedia.org with intermediate steps at de.wikipedia.org ;-))

--Angela H.; last modified: 16:56, 17 January 2023 (UTC) de:Benutzer:Aholtman fr:Utilisateur:Aholtman la:Usor:Aholtman nl:Gebruiker:Aholtman nds-nl:Gebruker:Aholtman nds:Bruker:Aholtman pl:Wikipedysta:Aholtman ru:Участник:Aholtman simple:User:Aholtman

title: User:Aholtman


text:
Cleveland Free Times

The Cleveland Free Times was an alternative weekly newspaper in Cleveland, Ohio. Its first issue was published on September 30, 1992.

The Free Times and Cleveland Scene, a competing weekly paper, were purchased by Times-Shamrock Communications, located in Scranton, Pennsylvania, in June 2008. Times-Shamrock is a media company that publishes daily and weekly newspapers throughout Pennsylvania, Virginia, Maryland, Florida, Michigan, and Texas. They also own radio stations in Baltimore. The Free Times published its final issue on July 16, 2008. It merged with Cleveland Scene.

Noteworthy staff members included Roldo Bartimole.

title: Cleveland Free Times


text:
User talk:Aholtman

Intresting Ayyavazhi Family
Hai Aholtman, there are intresting articles about Ayyavazhi, a new religion on both mythology and religiosity. Wikipedia is rich with this topic in English, but poor in other languages. Since french is a leading language in Wikipedia it is better to translate the contents on this AYYAVAZHI family to french. - Paul Raj

 * See also: Paul Raj's Talk Page - no further comment

Draft:Rottneros Park concern
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Draft:Rottneros Park concern
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title: User talk:Aholtman


text:
La Punta District

La Punta is a district of the Constitutional Province of Callao in Peru, and one of the seven districts that make up the port city of Callao. It is located in a peninsula in the western part of the province and is almost entirely surrounded by the Pacific Ocean, except on its northeastern side, where it is bordered by downtown Callao.

Officially established as a district on October 6, 1915, the current mayor (alcalde) of La Punta is Ramón Garay León (2023-2026)

Geography
The district has a total land area of 0.38 km2. Its administrative center is located 2 meters above sea level.

Boundaries

 * North, East, South and West: Pacific Ocean
 * Northeast: Downtown Callao

Demographics
According to a 2002 estimate by the INEI, the district has 7,246 inhabitants and a population density of 394.2 persons/km². In 1999, there were 1,248 households in the district.

La Punta has historically been settled by Italian Peruvians and their legacy can still be seen in the district.

The district
La Punta is mostly an upper middle class district, where Callao's most prestigious families have historically lived. Many of the district's old houses are still conserved.

La Punta has an earthquake alarm system which alerts the residents to evacuate the district, since one strong enough could create a tsunami and easily wipe out the peninsula.

La Punta is also one of the districts in which beaches are affected by the ocean current El Niño annually.

Almost one third of La Punta's territory is occupied by the Escuela Naval del Peru ("Peruvian Naval Academy").

The Club Regatas Unión is located in the upscale beach front of La Punta. The district has three beaches: "Cantolao", "Malecón" and "La Arenilla". La Punta Racing Club is another club located in la Punta.

The chamber of Commerce of La Punta has been recently created to promote tourist projects and to create the guild of traders, as well as cultural programs and workshops in the district.

The main routes that connect La Punta with the rest of the Lima and Callao Metropolitan Area are the Avenida Almirante Grau and Coronel Bolognesi Avenues.

The San Lorenzo and El Frontón islands lie in front of La Punta and can clearly be seen from the district's beaches.

La Punta is a small district compared with others but has a unique beauty. Because of its geography and intense crime prevention program the district is virtually crime free and clean. Buildings range from the very modern all the way back to 19th century manors.

Beaches
The beaches in La Punta are quite visited during the summer season because of their calm waters and small pebbles composition (in contrast to Costa Verde in Lima where the surf is stronger and the beaches are mainly stone), nevertheless La Punta is well known for their surprisingly frigid waters (Cantolao beach). This calm sea favours the practice of rowing and yachting. La Punta is the one district were most regattas are launched. Yacht Club del Peru has its main venue in La Punta in the beautiful Aspillaga House. There are four rowing clubs in La Punta: Club Universitario de Regatas, Club Regatas Union, Canottieri Italia, Club de Regatas Lima. Also the Naval Academy has a rowing team and there are a few clubs that also practice there intermittently. There is heavy traffic of racing shells in the mornings. The bay is also full of recreational crafts of all sizes.

title: La Punta District


text:
Category talk:Museums in China

"China"/"PRC" vs. "mainland China" for page titles
Following the long discussion at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Chinese) regarding proper titling of Mainland China-related topics, polls for each single case has now been started here. Please come and join the discussion, and cast your vote. Thank you. — Instantnood 15:26, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Museums in China


text:
Dodge D series

The D series (also called D/W series) is a line of pickup trucks that was sold by Dodge from October 1960 to September 30, 1993. The same basic design was retained until the October 1993 introduction of a completely redesigned Ram. The D/W series shared its AD platform with the Dodge Ramcharger/Plymouth Trail Duster twins. Two-wheel-drive (4×2) models were designated D, while four-wheel-drive (4×4) models were designated W.

First generation (1961–65)
The Chrysler A engine of 318 cuin was the smallest V8 option; and all of Chrysler's larger engines, with the notable exception of the Chrysler Hemi engine, were available as factory options. The original design was built until the spring of 1965, when the facelifted, single-headlamp version arrived. For 1963, Dodge introduced a four-door crew-cab version of the D series, becoming the first "Big Three" American manufacturer to market a factory-produced truck with two rows of seating (following the 1961 introduction of the International Travelette).

Besides straight-sided beds (called Sweptline), the D series also offered step-sided narrow beds (called Utiline) in 6.5 ft (D-100 only), 8 ft (D-100 and 200), and 9 ft (D-300 only) lengths.

A Perkins 354-cubic-inch six-cylinder diesel engine option was offered in the D series for 1962, but was dropped because of lackluster demand.

The first generation of the D series was manufactured in Warren, Michigan. They were given the Dodge and Fargo brands. The trucks were produced by the Dodge Division of the Chrysler Corporation.

Custom Sports Special and high-performance package
1964 saw the introduction of the sporty Custom Sports Special. The Custom Sports Special included bucket seats, console, carpeting and racing stripes. The optional high-performance package could be ordered with a CSS truck or by itself on a base model truck complete with Chrysler's big 413 cuin wedge-head V8 for 1964 and 426 cuin V8 for 1965. The 426 cubic inch engine produced 365 hp (272 kW) and 470 lb·ft (637 N·m)—in line with the muscle-car revolution that was then sweeping Detroit. The high-performance package also included the LoadFlite automatic transmission, a 6000 rpm-rated Sun tachometer with heavy-duty gauges, power steering, dual exhaust and rear axle torque rods (traction bars) sourced from 1961 Imperials. Custom Sports Special trucks were produced from 1964 to 1967. The high-performance package required customized fabrication including tailor-made traction bar brackets, alterations to the frame cross members and an enlarged firewall to make room for the exhaust manifold. The High Performance Package was only offered from 1964 to early 1966.

1965–67
The D series was mildly redesigned in the spring of 1965, so there are both two-headlight and four-headlight models titled as 1965s. Updates for mid-1965 included a wider tailgate and the replacement of the A-series engines with the updated LA series, as well as a six-inch wheelbase stretch on 8 ft bed models. In 1967, the D-series trucks received big-block 383 2-barrel engines as a standard option.

From 1965 until the early 1980s, D-series trucks were assembled in Warren, Michigan, by the Chrysler Corporation. Foreign models were manufactured by Automotive Industries Ltd. in Israel at a new factory located at Nazareth-Illit, using straight-four and straight-six gasoline engines mated to a manual transmission. This factory also produced the Jeep Wagoneer SUV for the Israeli army, and British Ford Escort and Ford Transit vehicles for the civilian market. The D-series trucks were made both for the civilian market and for the Israeli Army. The models were D100 and D200 light trucks, D500 truck, and the D600 truck with the straight-six engine and having on-demand four-wheel drive. There was also a bus version made (mainly for army use). This bus was a 20-seat bus built on the chassis of the D500 truck using the straight-four engine with front and rear hydraulic doors, as well as the complete D500 front end and dashboard.

1968–71
The 1968 models received a new front grille—two rows of four holes each. A new Adventurer trim package replaced the old Custom Sports Special; basically, it included a padded front seat with vinyl trim (either full bench or buckets with console) and carpeting, plus other hallmarks such as extra chrome trim and courtesy lighting. This generation continued to be built in South Africa as well. Sold as the D300 or the D500, the lighter model received the 225 Slant-Six, while the heavier-duty D500 had the 318 ci V8. Power outputs are 127 and 177 hp (net), respectively; SAE claims are 140 and 212 hp.

By 1970, the Adventurer would be expanded into three separate packages: the base Adventurer, the Adventurer Sport and the top-line Adventurer SE. The Adventurer SE included such things as a chrome grille, wood trim on the dashboard, the padded vinyl front seat with color-keyed seatbelts, full courtesy lighting, extra insulation, dual horns, full carpeting, luxury door panel trim, a vinyl-embossed trim strip ran along the sides of the truck, full wheel discs and a woodgrain-insert panel on the tailgate. The 1970 models also featured a new four-section grille (two rows of two holes each).

"The Dude"
In August 1969, the "Dude Sport Trim Package" was released. This was essentially the D100 already in production, with an added black or white body-side "C" stripe decal; a Dodge Dude decal on the box at the rear marker lamps; tail lamp bezel trim; and dog dish hub caps with trim rings. The Dude's tailgate was unique, featuring a Dodge decal on a flat tailgate surface, without the typical tailgate's embossed logo. The Dudes were only offered in the 1970 and 1971 model years and only 1,500 to 2,000 Dudes were produced. Actor Don Knotts promoted The Dude in its marketing campaigns.

Third generation (1972–93)
A redesign of the D series for the 1972 model year introduced a more rounded look. This redesign, which lasted until 1980 with minor changes, included new features such as an independent front suspension and pocketed taillights (the distinctive reverse-on-top lights were recessed to .25 in to avoid damage in loading docks and confined spaces). Styling cues, such as the scalloped hood and rounded fenderwells, were similar to the rounded, smooth look of the 1971 Plymouth Satellite. These trucks were built with a considerable amount of galvanized steel to resist rust and corrosion, making them very durable.

Dodge pioneered the extended-cab pickup with the introduction of the Club Cab for 1973. Available with either a 6.5 ft or 8 ft Sweptline bed, the Club Cab was a two-door cab with small rear windows which had more space behind the seats than the standard cab, but was not as long as the four-door crew cab. Inward-facing jump seats were available, providing room for five passengers. 1974 saw the introduction of the 440 cu in engine as an option for the light trucks, as well as a "Dyna-Trac" dual-rear-wheel option on D300 pickups with a 10000 lb GVWR.

The 1972 D series was made famous in the television show Emergency!, where a D300 chassis cab was the featured paramedic rescue squad vehicle for all seven seasons.

Special models
Notable models produced during this era were the 1978–1979 Li'l Red Express, the Warlock, the Macho Power Wagon, the Macho Power Wagon Top Hand, Macho Power Wagon Palomino, and the Adventurer.

The Warlock, as part of Dodge's "adult toys" line from the late 1970s, is a short wheelbase truck produced in limited production in 1976 and regular production from 1977 to 1979. Warlocks came in black, red, green, and blue; however, other colors could be special-ordered. Its main draw was being a factory customized truck, also known as a "trick truck," and was designed to appeal to young 4×4 buyers. The Warlock featured custom gold wheels, wide tires, bucket seats, and a Utiline bed with oak racks. Optional equipment included five-spoke wheels, bucket seats, tinted glass, chrome rear bumper, and power steering. All had black interiors, with gold accents on the dash and the doors, and a "tuff" steering wheel. The exterior was accented by gold pin striping around the wheel wells and the body lines. The pin striping continued inside onto the doors, dashboard, and instrument panel. On the 1976 model, Dodge was printed in gold on the tailgate, while Warlock was printed in gold on the tailgate through 1978; the 1979 model instead had "Warlock II" printed.

The colors of the Dodge Macho Power Wagon Palomino were the same as a Palomino horse (all Li'l Red Express trucks were Adventurers, but not vice versa). The Li'l Red Express was not available for sale in California, Florida, Maryland, Oregon, or Washington state, and did not meet special noise standards in certain locations. Because of this, the Midnite Express was born.

The Midnite Express was not a factory option like the Li'l Red Express; it was a dealer-installed package. Dealers that could not sell the Li'l Red Express used high-optioned Warlocks, repainted them metallic black, and ordered all of the Li'l Red Express parts through their parts department. The Midnite Express was available for the 1978 model year only. This truck was equipped much like the Li'l Red Express with exhaust stacks, wheels, and gold pinstriping. The Midnite Express was painted black instead of red and featured a "Midnite Express Truck" decal on the door. Most Midnite Express trucks were powered by the 440 engine, instead of the 360 like the Li'l Red Express. All of these trucks were considered "lifestyle" pickups and were marketed to an audience that wanted specialty, personal-use trucks.

Between 1976 and 1977, about 44,000 D-series trucks entered military service as the M880 series CUCV. The CUCVs were based on the W200 and powered by a 318 V8 mated to a Torqueflite 727 3-speed automatic transmission. There was also a 4×2-only version called the M890.

Diesel
The 1978 models also saw the introduction of the second diesel-powered Dodge pickup truck. Available as an economy choice in the D/W 150 and 200 trucks was Mitsubishi's 6DR5 4.0L inline six-cylinder naturally-aspirated diesel, rated at 105 hp at 3500 rpm, and 230 N·m (169 lb·ft) at 2200 rpm. The diesel used standard Dodge manual and automatic transmissions via a custom adapter plate which had the LA V8 bolt pattern. This rare factory option, VIN code H, was the result of the 1973 oil crisis and the collaboration of Chrysler and Mitsubishi. The engine, while being trustworthy and having far better economy than any other engine in the Dodge lineup at the time, suffered from low power output and was considered to be underpowered by American standards, despite having been previously used in the Japanese 3.5-ton cab-over Mitsubishi T44 Jupiter Truck and in industrial applications. It was not available in California. Because of the low sales, it was phased out quickly, and as a result, it became practically a single-year specialty.

Dodge Ram (1981–93)

This final generation received a facelift in October 1980 when the D series was rebadged as the Dodge Ram pickup around when Lee Iacocca took charge of the ailing Chrysler Corporation. Such things including an embossed "DODGE RAM" name on the tailgate along with other obvious changes like the grille and hood, the taillights, and the entire interior. More subtle was the addition of a "shoulder" line reminiscent of the GM competition. Beginning in 1982, even more corrosion-resistant steel was used in the construction of the trucks. This body style continued until 1993 and many of these vehicles are still on the road. Many body panels are interchangeable for all models from 1971 to 1993, so it is not uncommon to see a "hybrid" with, as an example, a 1978 grille mounted with a 1974 hood and a 1991 cab. Sometimes the bed is swapped with a moving truck style box. In most jurisdictions, the year is dictated by the year of the truck's chassis regardless of the body which has been bolted to it. Also kept was the narrow Utiline bed that dated back to the 1940s; this was dropped in 1985. Throttle-body injection was introduced in 1988.

A narrower range of engines was offered: the base power plant was the 225 cuin slant-6, now with top-fed hydraulic tappets, and the 318 cuin and 360 cuin LA-series V8s. The slant-6 was replaced by the 237 cuin V6 for 1988; in 1992, it and the V8s became Magnum engines. The 6BT 360 cuin 12-valve Cummins B-series diesel engine became an option in 1989.

Sales were good during the Sweptline era and into the late 1970s. A combination of stagnant styling that was nearly two decades old plus brand loyalty primarily to Chevrolet and Ford during the 1980s and 1990s reduced sales volume for the first-generation Dodge Ram. A wholly new Dodge Ram was released for the 1994 model year.

In popular culture
A 1972 Dodge D300 was used as a LA County Fire Department paramedic rescue vehicle, also known as Squad 51 in the television show Emergency!. The utility body was custom-built by Universal Studios for Emergency! according to the Los Angeles County Fire Department's specifications for its paramedic rescue vehicles. After the series ended it was donated to the LA County Fire Department and placed into the reserve fleet where it was occasionally put into service as a Paramedic Squad. Subsequently, it was transferred to the department's Museum and was then restored thoroughly in 1999. The only change in the restoration was a diesel engine which replaced the engine that was previously used. There were three Dodge D-series vehicles used in the filming of Emergency!, a 1971, 1972, and 1973 Dodge D300. The 1972 and the 1973 were identical except for the grilles.

In the Supernatural episode "Route 666," the ghost of a deceased man haunts a town as a phantom D300. The vehicle is extensively modified, particularly through the addition of two diesel smokestacks, and filmed in such a way that identifying features are hard to see. The truck is most recognizable in a scene where Sam and Dean Winchester pull the actual wreckage of the truck out of a pond.

In the TV series Simon & Simon, the character Rick Simon owned a red 1979 Dodge Macho Power Wagon.

title: Dodge D series


text:
InterCaribbean Airways

InterCaribbean Airways, Ltd. (formerly known as Air Turks & Caicos) is a regional airline based in the Turks and Caicos Islands, a British Overseas Territory. The airline offers scheduled passenger flights and charter flight services from its hub in Providenciales International Airport. Since its launch in 1991, its travel destinations have expanded to multiple Caribbean islands including Antigua, The Bahamas, Barbados, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and St. Maarten.

History
The airline was established in 1991 as InterIsland Airways, Ltd. In 2003, the company rebranded to become Air Turks & Caicos.

In 2008, Air Turks and Caicos merged with SkyKing. The SkyKing brand was integrated into the Air Turks and Caicos operations on 22 October 2008, and by mid-2009 the airline continued operating with a single air operator's certificate.

In November 2013, after operating for 10 years as Air Turks & Caicos, the company rebranded as InterCaribbean Airways.

By June 2019, InterCaribbean Airways added the Embraer ERJ-145 regional jet aircraft to its fleet.

In addition to the ERJ-145 regional jets, the airline currently [as of when?] operates Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia propjets, in addition to one Embraer EMB 120 aircraft, as well as a De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter turboprop aircraft. InterCaribbean also previously operated the Britten-Norman BN-2A Islander twin prop aircraft. The Twin Otter aircraft joined the fleet in December 2015, while the Britten-Norman Islander aircraft has been retired.

In 2022, InterCaribbean Airways gained operational rights in Jamaica as a non-Jamaican airline to operate domestic flights between the island's main airports, Kingston and Montego Bay.

In February 2023, InterCaribbean announced it would start flying from St. Kitts to Barbados' Grantley Adams International Airport.

Destinations
As of February 2023, InterCaribbean Airways operated scheduled flights to the following destinations within the Caribbean:

Fleet
According to the airline's website, the InterCaribbean Airways fleet currently includes the following aircraft:

The airline leased Embraer EMB-120 Brasilia from October 2014 to February 2016 to Cayman Airways for scheduled inter-island passenger flights in the Cayman Islands. The airline acquired two Embraer 145 regional jets, which it began operating commercially from early June 2019, and has since acquired an additional ERJ-145 aircraft.

title: InterCaribbean Airways


text: Category:Xi'an

title: Category:Xi'an


text:
Rhône Glacier

The Rhône Glacier (Rhonegletscher, Walliser German: Rottengletscher, glacier du Rhône, ghiacciaio del Rodano) is a glacier in the Swiss Alps and the source of the river Rhône and one of the primary contributors to Lake Geneva in the far eastern end of the Swiss canton of Valais. Because the glacier is located close to the Furka Pass road it is easily accessible.

Geography
The Rhône Glacier is the largest glacier in the Urner Alps. It lies on the south side of the range at the source of the Rhône. The Undri Triftlimi (3,081 m) connects it to the Trift Glacier. The glacier is located on the northernmost part of the canton of Valais, between the Grimsel Pass and the Furka Pass and is part of the Oberwald municipality. The Dammastock (3,630 m) is the highest summit above the glacier.

Evolution

The Rhône Glacier is easily accessible so its evolution is observed since the 19th century. The glacier lost ~1300 m during the last 120 years leaving behind a track of naked stone.

Slowing the retreat
For several years, UV-resistant fleecy white blankets have been installed during the warm periods, covering about 5 acres of the retreating glacier to reduce its melting. It's estimated that this effort reduces the melting by up to 70%. In addition to the global implications of increasing climate warming and instability, the local economy is at risk of losing business income from glacier tourists who have flocked to the area since 1870 to walk through "a long and winding ice grotto with glistening blue walls and a leaky ceiling". In 2018, photographers Simon Norfolk and Klaus Thymann created a series of photographs titled "Shroud" displaying the wrapped glacier for the charity organisation Project Pressure to draw attention to the glacial retreat.

title: Rhône Glacier


text:
Dodge C series

The C series is a line of pickup trucks sold by Dodge from 1954 until 1960. It replaced the Dodge B series of trucks and was eventually supplanted by the Dodge D series, introduced in 1961. Unlike the B series, which were closely related to Dodge's prewar trucks, the C series was a complete redesign. Dodge continued the "pilot house" tradition of high-visibility cabs with a wrap-around windshield introduced in 1955. A two-speed "PowerFlite" automatic transmission was newly available that year. The Dodge Town Panel and Town Wagon also used the new design.

Chrysler called the Hemi-powered Dodge trucks "Power Giant" in 1957, and introduced power steering and brakes, a three-speed automatic, and a 12-volt electrical system. From 1957 to 1959, Dodge offered the Sweptside pickup, a rival to the Chevrolet Cameo Carrier, but it never became a bestseller. A flat-sided (and thus wider) "Sweptline" cargo box came in 1959. The company also adopted the standard pickup truck numbering scheme, also used by Ford and GM at that time. Thus, the ½ ton Dodge was now called the D100. The traditional separate-fender body "Utiline" version remained available, with a GVWR of up to 9000 lb on 1-ton models.

After an agreement between Dodge and Studebaker, the C-Series' pickup bed also saw use in the Studebaker Champ pickup truck range.

Four -wheel-drive W-Series Power Wagons
Starting in the 1957 model year, factory four-wheel-drive versions of the Dodge C series trucks were produced and sold as the W-100, W-200, W-300, and W-500, alongside the older WDX/WM-300 "Military Style" Power Wagon. The latter had the "Power Wagon" badge on the fender. The heavy-duty four-wheel-drive W-300 and W-500 trucks were marketed as "Power Giants".

Engines

 * 1957-1960; 230 cuin Flathead I6, 120 hp
 * 1959; 331 cuin FirePower V8, 172 hp
 * 1957-1959; 315 cuin Red Ram V8, 204 hp
 * 1959; 318 cuin A-type V8, 200 hp

Medium-duty/heavy-duty C series
Since it still used the older cab design, the C series name was continued for Dodge's line of medium- and heavy-duty trucks (better known as the LCF series) through the 1975 model year, long after most of Dodge's other trucks had moved to the newer D series designation.

Four Wheel Drive also utilized C series cabs for many of its medium- and heavy-duty trucks; however, because Chrysler needed plant capacity for its newer light-duty truck models, manufacture of these later C series cabs — for both Dodge and FWD — was outsourced to Checker in Kalamazoo, MI.

title: Dodge C series


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Iriaz

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 03:23, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Iriaz
Star wars trivia, too fine-grained for wikipedia IMO. If anybody care they can transwiki it to the star wars wikicity. Should be deleted. Thue | talk 15:29, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The iriaz are ungulates with many parts of their one horn --> Speedy delete as patent nonsense. Martg76 12:24, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm pretty sure they can do a better job at the star wars wiki. This is bordering nonsense. Delete. Mgm|(talk) 14:03, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * I really can't understand the whole "nonsense" allegation. A quick Google search would reveal 75 results, the first 2 relating to Star Wars. Nevertheless, Wikipedia is not the place for nonsentient, non-notable Star Wars species. Delete, and re-create on SW-wikicities.-LtNOWIS 21:19, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Subtrivial pseudoinformation. Wile E. Heresiarch 03:05, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Iriaz


text:
Dodge B series

Dodge has used the B series name on two different vehicles, a pickup truck and a van.

Pickup truck
The B-series pickup trucks were sold from 1948 to 1953. They replaced the prewar Dodge truck range and were replaced by the Dodge C series in 1954. The B-series trucks came in several different variants. The B1-B were ½-ton trucks standard with a 95 hp flathead-straight-six engine while the B1-C were ¾-ton trucks with a standard 108 hp flathead-straight 6 engine. It also came in several other variants such as the B1-T and B1-V which were semi-truck cabs and vans, respectively. A woodie version, the "Suburban", was also available from outside companies.

The B-series trucks featured a high-visibility "pilot-house" cab with optional rear quarter windows. The engine was shifted forward and the front axle moved back on the frame for better weight distribution as well as a shorter wheelbase, moving from 116 in to 108 in on ½-ton models. The cargo bed sides were made higher to increase capacity by 40%. The redesigned cab could seat three people, with 2.5 in more height, 6 in more width and 3 in additional in length. The cab was mounted on rubber mounts for an improved ride. Another innovation for the time was the use of cross-steering arrangement, giving the trucks a 37° turning radius. The cargo box space was increased over previous models and overload springs made optional on all variants to increase hauling capacity. In 1950, more new features were added as the 3-speed manual shift lever was relocated to the steering column instead of on the floor. A fluid drive standard transmission, with 3 or 4 speeds, became an available option. The front end and dashboard/gauge layout were redesigned for 1951.

1953 was the last year of the "pilot-house" trucks, but brought many new changes. The Truck-O-Matic transmission, a fully automatic transmission was available for ½ and ¾-ton models. The longer 7.5 ft bed previously only available on ¾-tons became available on ½-tons as well, which would increase the wheelbase to 116 in. New longer rear fenders were added, which would continue to be used by Dodge through 1985.

Van
The B series designation was also used for a later series of full-sized vans made by the Dodge division of Chrysler Corporation from 1970 (as early 1971 models) through 2003. During that time, they were originally numbered B100, B200, and B300; the numbers were later upped by 50 (B150, etc.) and finally multiplied by 10 (B1500, B2500, B3500) in the mid-1990s. The actual names were Dodge Sportsman, Dodge Tradesman, Dodge Van, at first; they later changed to Ram Van, Ram Wagon, and, briefly. There was also a Kary Van extended height model.

The cargo and passenger vans used the same frame and powerplants (both 6- and V8 engines), but the passenger vans had seats for up to 15 passengers (on the extended length, long-wheelbase Maxivans), dual air-conditioning systems (in later years), and large windows on both sides. The 15-passenger vans are today commonly used by military, commuters, church groups, scouts, urban camping, and some corporations. Throughout their run, two wheelbases were used: 109 in and 127 in, with an extended-length version based on the longer wheelbase. Engines ranged from the 198 in³ Slant Six (available only in 1970–71), to the 440 in³ V8 (only briefly available in the late 1970s), with factory compressed-natural-gas 318 in³ (5.2 L) engines available from around 1995 onwards, to fleet buyers only. A popular Kary Van (basically a factory-built cube van, instead of upfitted by an aftermarket company), which extended the cargo area height to 6 ft, was added in 1972. A sliding door was made optional in 1974; that same year, the original stamped aluminum grille was also replaced with a molded plastic part. A one-piece rear door and hard-service interior were made optional in 1975.

For many years, Dodge was the sales leader for vans, including conversions for tradespeople, ambulances, school buses, and campers, working with numerous upfitters to provide alternatives for customers. However, in 1979, the RV market crashed, and Dodge stopped making RV chassis; their van sales also dropped roughly in half. After that, upgrades to the "B-vans" came more slowly, especially as the vans' utility was in some ways duplicated by the company's own popular Plymouth Voyager and Dodge Caravan minivans.

In 1988, a 239 in³ (3.9 L) V6 originally developed for the Dodge Dakota mid-size pickup replaced the 225 in³ (3.7 L) Slant Six, and throttle body injection was given to the 318 V8. The 360 in³ (5.9 L) V8 gaining fuel injection and a roller camshaft in 1989. In 1990, rear wheel antilock brakes were made optional, along with a heavy-duty four-speed automatic transmission.

In 1992, the V6 and 5.2L V8 engines were fitted with sequential multiple-port fuel injection (SMPI) and a "barrel" / "kegger"-type intake manifold, which boosted power dramatically, and the outboard positions of the rear seat gained three-point belts. In the same year, compressed natural gas 5.2 L engines became optional for fleet buyers. The 5.9 L received the new intake and SMPI for 1993.

Numerous changes to the drivetrain, body, and suspension were made after 1993, as Dodge tried to make the vans more competitive, leading to a fairly sizeable redesign in 1998, which added numerous features, made the vans more driveable and safer, and added power to the 5.9 L V8 engine. More, and also substantial, changes were made for the 2000 model year, but little was changed from then until the final vans. Dodge stopped making the vans in June 2003, citing the expense of meeting future safety standards and slow sales. The Pillette Road plant in Windsor, Ontario which made the vans was closed down and later demolished.

title: Dodge B series


text:
Felicia Chin

Felicia Chin Foong Ling (born 24 October 1984) is a Singaporean actress, host and content creator who was named as one of the Seven Princesses of Mediacorp in 2006. In 2013, Chin decided to use her given Chinese name instead for her acting career.

Early life
Chin was educated at Tanjong Katong Girls' School and Victoria Junior College (VJC), where she was schoolmates with fellow artiste Lee Teng. As an avid softball player, she joined Singapore's national softball team in 2000, becoming the youngest member ever to join the team. She left the team three years later. She also won the National Inter-School A Division Softball Girls championship title with VJC in 2002.

In May 2010, Chin announced that she would be switching to part-time acting to study for a BBA degree in the National University of Singapore Business School. In 2012, Chin told the Singaporean magazine 8 Days that she would be in Shanghai for one year as part of the NUS Overseas Colleges programme.

In 2013, Chin announced that she would be returning to full-time acting without completing her studies. She decided to drop her stage name as well and use her given name instead.

Career
In 2003, Chin participated in MediaCorp Channel 8's Star Search Singapore television programme and emerged as overall female champion of the contest. Chin worked at MediaCorp as an actress, making her debut role in the 2003 television drama Always on My Mind. In 2006, she had her first female lead role in The Beginning, a Singapore-Malaysia co-production. Chin is one of the Top 10 Most Popular Female Artistes of MediaCorp.

At Star Awards 2006, Chin was nominated for Best Supporting Actress. At the Star Awards 2009 and Star Awards 2015, Chin was nominated for Best Actress.

In 2008, Chin took on the Chinese stage name Chen Jingxuan (陈靓瑄), after being advised to do so.

On 23 June 2022, Chin announced that her last day with Mediacorp would be 30 June, and she would be taking up a new job at faith-based platform Hai Hao Ma.

Chin cites veteran actress Huang Biren as someone whom she looks up to in the industry.

Personal life
In 2001, Chin's father died due to cancer, thus wishing for a complete family in the future in a 2004 interview.

Chin has been a practising Christian since 2015.

On 22 October 2022, Chin married fellow Mediacorp artiste, Chinese actor, Jeffrey Xu. They had been dating since 2015.

Variety show hosting
Note: Unless otherwise specified, all television appearances are in Chinese.

title: Felicia Chin


text:
Rhine Glacier

The Rhine Glacier was a glacier during the last glacial period and was responsible for the formation of the Lake Constance.

title: Rhine Glacier


text:
Talk:Symbolist painters

Waterhouse
Should we include John William Waterhouse? --sparkit 15:31, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * No, he's never been considered a Symbolist, though his realistic paintings are redolent of mainstream mythologies and full of symbolic meanings. A very public artist in fact. His evocative scenes are rich, but not private and obscure. --Wetman 16:13, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Symbolist painters


text:
Talk:Daylily

Untitled
I can't edit captions under "Commons" images: Hemerocallis fulva (typo "dailily") is shown in its double mutation sometimes called flore-pleno.This is a garden form, not the species. A good caption might note that. --Wetman 15:31, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I have made the change. JoJan 16:19, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I renewed the main photo of a daylily. The original was slightly out of foucs, and the new one shows more detail of an example of the flower. --liquidGhoul 00:58, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

daylily
when do day lilys bloom?

Yeah, what time(s) of the year are they supposed to bloom (I noticed the article said sometimes they bloom again later, but when is later, heck, "when" is the 1st time even?? Also, is there any good links that show daylilys (daylilies?) along with some other plants that look very similar and/or are commonly mistaken for them? I think BOTH of these things should be included in this article. 173.16.124.196 (talk) 20:31, 13 August 2009 (UTC)

Toxicity?
This website: http://www.fehd.gov.hk/safefood/report/toxin_veg/012006_index.html

[edit: updated link: http://www.fehd.gov.hk/safefood/report/toxin_veg/index.html - 75.165.87.106 (talk) 23:37, 31 July 2008 (UTC) ]

says that the buds and roots are mildly toxic. Is this true? Here's the text:

 * "Fresh Jin Zhen - It is the floral part of a plant harvested before it was in blossom. Fresh Jin Zhen has been used in dishes as fresh vegetables. A natural toxin known as colchicine is concentrated in the root of the plant and it is also found in the floral part of fresh Jin Zhen. Poisoning may be resulted from consumption of fresh Jin Zhen which has not been soaked well in water and cooked thoroughly. Symptoms of poisoning may include gastrointestinal discomfort, such as abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea. However, colchicine in Jin Zhen is destroyed during cooking and processing and therefore commercially processed Jin Zhen and Jin Zhen in the dried form are non-toxic (photo)."  Badagnani 01:47, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

Another link: http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200006/19/0619265.htm   -75.165.87.106 (talk) 23:33, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

I have added a small cautionary text about being careful to get the right species due to the toxicity of some. Observer31 (talk) 12:53, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

The toxicity is debatable. Some vets still maintain the toxicity to small pets in large quantities, but for the most part toxicity is virtually unknown in humans. There is a great deal of confusion because for a very long time Day Lilies were actually considered to be part of the True Lily Family. The fact remains though, that all day lily species I have come across are completely edible from flower to root tip--and quite delicious! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.35.254.12 (talk) 01:16, 15 July 2009 (UTC)

This article has been mangled by the uncited (and probably unfounded) mentions of "toxic" daylilies. It now also warns of dangers from confusion with "some forms of lilies" that might be toxic, although daylilies do not belong to the lilium genus. Even the links provided on this page are no longer active, so I can find no credible reference claiming that daylilies are toxic (though I have found such references that refute that point: http://agriviet.net/20577-are-daylilies-toxic/). That's probably because daylilies are edible, and they are not known to be toxic in humans. I sincerely hope that the editors of this page will excise this misinformation. The page is less correct and less readable because of it.Jmedlong (talk) 18:22, 20 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I have removed a medical use and a toxicity claim not supported by any sources; see WP:MEDRS before adding such information. Peter coxhead (talk) 22:50, 20 July 2013 (UTC)

Food use
Is it correct that American Indians formerly used daylily flowers and bulbs as a traditional food? Badagnani 17:20, 31 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Can't say for sure but I doubt it, unless they learned such use from the European settlers (in which case it would hardly be "traditional"); Hemerocallis is a relatively recent introduction to North America as an escape from cultivation, as the genus is native to Eurasia. MrDarwin 19:09, 31 July 2007 (UTC)
 * More generally, daylily flowers are definitely edible, should be lots of sources for that... though the above toxicity section raises questions about forms other than cooked or dried (I eat them raw/dried) 75.165.87.106 (talk) 18:09, 22 July 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. Maximum and careful attention was done to avoid any wrongly tagging any categories, but mistakes may happen... If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 21:48, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

Distinction with Lilies
I'd appreciate a section about distinguishing daylilies from lilies... 75.165.87.106 (talk) 18:09, 22 July 2008 (UTC)

I agree, especially because of the use of the phrase:"Care must be used as some species of lilies can be toxic." Does this refer to a lilium or a day lily? Moa rider (talk) 06:24, 12 July 2013 (UTC)

Added some info. So mainly, a daylily (not spelled as day lily, daylilly, or day lilly) is from a different genera. True lilies grow from bulbs, and have six petals. Daylilys generally have three petals and three sepals. Daylilies are clump-forming, with scapes and grassy-looking leaves, while true lilies have leaves along the entire stalk. Nora Editor (talk) 14:13, 16 January 2020 (UTC)

Daylily or day lily ?
All professional daylily organizations and societies use daylily, not day lily. It is a little arrogant to contradict them in favour of a term that at worst is incorrect, and at best is a vernacular term. Nora Editor (talk) 18:10, 17 January 2020 (UTC)

I've consulted several dictionaries (among them OED, Webster's, Longman and Collins) and they all write the name as "day lily" (in two words). A move to "Day lily" seems to be in order, unless there are objections. JoJan (talk) 14:58, 1 March 2011 (UTC)

 * I strongly oppose this change. I'd really prefer the article to be at Hemerocallis, which is unambiguous, but "Day lily" suggests that daylilies are lilies, which they are not. WP:AT requires a number of criteria to be balanced in choosing an article title, one of which is precision. "Day lily" is much less precise that "daylily". Also Google ngrams suggest that the forms without a space are more common. Peter coxhead (talk) 06:49, 13 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I agree with you both. It should be "day lily" as that is the correct "word"; and the article should be at Hemerocallis because that is unambiguous.  With appropriate redirects, of course. Huw Powell (talk) 04:20, 23 July 2015 (UTC)

 * Absolutely not, day lily may be a general misspelling used by the public, but daylily is sactioned by the American Daylily Society, the Canadian Hemerocallis Society, the Russian Interregional Daylily Society, the Australian Daylily Society, the British Hemerocallis and Hosta Society, and hundreds of respected professional breeders and daylily gardens. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Nora Editor (talk) 14:26, 16 January 2020 (UTC)

 * To me the two most interesting things about this section are the fact that on average once every three years someone decides to write a reply to messages left years before by one or more editors who more likely than not will never see the response, and the fact that, having suggested a move "unless there are objections" did not make that move, even though there were no objections in over 2 years. Here are some of my other thoughts on this.

 * As rightly points out, there are a number of criteria to be balanced in choosing an article title, but being the word that we think logically should be used is not one of them. Generally speaking, how a word is actually used takes precedence over how we think it should  be used. Personally, I agree with Peter that "day lily" suggests that daylilies are lilies, and therefore I don't like the name at all, but whether I, Peter, or even 1000 Wikipedia editors think the plant should not be known by that name, it is known by that name. It is no part of Wikipedia's remit to try to prescribe how things should be: we seek only to report how they are.
 * Likewise, being in some sense the "official" name for something does not feature in the criteria for article titles, and does not take precedence over other considerations, such as what that thing is in practice commonly called. Thus we have, for example, articles on Ringo Starr not Richard Starkey, Dog not Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris, and Lewis Caroll not Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. Even if we regard societies for people interested in a particular subject as somehow "official" (which is open to question) it does not follow that their preferences automatically take precedence over how other people use words.
 * I don't understand why Peter seems to think that writing the name without a space between the two components in any way reduces the problem of suggesting a lily. To me "daylily" just as much suggests a type of lily as does "day lily". Nor do I understand how "daylily" is more "precise" than "day lily": both checking online dictionaries and checking the first 30 hits from a Google search for "day lily" I found not a single use of the expression to mean anything other than a plant of the genus hemerocallis, so it seems that the expression does mean precisely that and nothing else.
 * says that "day lily" is the correct "word", but describes that as a "misspelling". Who is right? For many languages there is an official government body to decide what is "correct" usage, but for English there is no criterion other than how speakers of English use the language. If I use the word "cat" to refer to a whale then I am using English incorrectly, because that is not how other people understand the word, not for any other reason; if I use a word in a way in which other people do understand it, then no matter who may decree that I am using it incorrectly, there is no objective criterion for saying so.
 * I was astonished to find that the opening of the article neither stated that a "daylily" is not really a lilly nor mentioned that it is also written "day lily". Not making it clear right from the start that the plant in question is not a lily is ridiculous, as it is likely to be misleading, and when, as in this case, more than one form of a name is in common use, it is natural to mention the fact, no matter which word the writers of the article personally prefer, and no matter which one is used for the title of the article. I have supplied both those pieces of information.
 * Well, after all that, which title do I think the article should have? I really really can't imagine why anyone should think it matters, as long as there are redirects from the other titles, so anyone searching for those will find the article (and there are) and as long as the other titles are mentioned right at the start of the article, so that readers will know that they are the same thing. JBW (talk) Formerly JamesBWatson 18:45, 16 January 2020 (UTC)
 * "Daylily" is the more common form in Ngrams and Google Trends. Plantdrew (talk) 20:39, 16 January 2020 (UTC)

 * I added the words "or day lily" to the lead of the article. It didn't for a moment occur to me that might be in any way controversial. Whatever one's view on what the title of the article should be, since both forms of the name are in reasonably common use, it makes sense to also mention whichever one is not the title of the article. However, some editor anonymously removed the alternative name, with the edit summary "This has been discussed at length in the talk pages". No it hasn't: the title of the article has been discussed, but not the mentioning of the other form of the name. Has either the editor who removed the content or anyone else got any good reason why both forms should not be mentioned in the lead?
 * If the editor who removed the content has also edited this article, or elsewhere in connection with this article, using an account, then he or she needs to be aware that switching between logged-in and logged-out editing in that way is contrary to Wikipedia's policy on sockpuppetry. JBW (talk) 17:06, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I personally don't think it's worth mentioning the minor spelling difference between "daylily" and "day lily" in the first sentence, but if you really want it there, you could add '(also written as "day lily")'. Peter coxhead (talk) 17:24, 21 January 2020 (UTC)

Gallery?
A gallery might be a better way to display the various cultivar images, especially if it is below the Awards section, which the thumbnails are sort of messing up. Huw Powell (talk) 04:18, 23 July 2015 (UTC)

The flower is edible
Is this mentioned in the article? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 49.180.175.48 (talk) 04:13, 15 April 2018 (UTC)

Food use of the flower if very popular in Chinese cuisine — Preceding unsigned comment added by 49.180.175.48 (talk) 04:18, 15 April 2018 (UTC)

Phormium tenax?
The second paragraph of the Uses section is about Phormium tenax (NZ Flax/harakeke) which is in a different genus. It's not justified by past classification, either: Phormium tenax used to be in Agavaceae and doesn't seem to ever have been in Hemerocallis
 * Deleted. Peter coxhead (talk) 07:12, 30 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Daylily


text:
Family Business (American TV series)

Family Business (referred to as Porn: A Family Business in the UK) is an American reality television series produced for the cable network Showtime. Based in Los Angeles, the series focused on the pornography industry and the life of Adam Glasser, a reality porn star and video director who uses the stage name Seymore Butts.

Also featured on the series were his son, Brady, along with his mother, Lila Glasser, and his older cousin, Stevie Glasser, both of whom help Adam run the eponymous "family business" of the series, which is a successful porn video production and distribution house in the San Fernando Valley, known for the "Seymore Butts" line of videos.

The series first aired in 2003. In Canada it is broadcast on The Movie Network, Movie Central, and Showcase Television, in the UK on Channel 4, and in Latin America on FX. The first two seasons are currently available on DVD in North America. The series ran for four seasons.

The series won the 2005 AVN award for 'Best Alternative Release'.

Overview
Episodes usually followed a day or two in the life of the Glassers. Many episodes focused on Adam, a single father, raising his young son, Brady, while keeping his professional life separate from his private life. Other episodes focused on his difficulties in establishing relationships (finding "Miss Right") outside the porn industry. Adam's mother, Lila, contributes by setting her son up on blind dates or with a speed dating service.

Much of the show's comic relief was provided by Stevie, a cantankerous character who often gets into mischief and, as the series progresses, becomes a video director in his own right, as does Bishop, Glasser's camera operator and video editor.

The series was sexually explicit (though hardcore content was either pixelated or edited out) as it also went behind the scenes of Adam's video shoots, and looked at the life of other porn stars away from the camera. One episode follows Herschel Savage, a performer whose career dated back 33 years, as he tries to establish a second career as a stand-up comedian. Another episode saw Adam and Stevie going to great lengths in order to convince a young woman, his assistant, not to enter the porn industry. The show follows the young woman as she decides to go in front of the camera and creates the porn actress persona Mari Possa. In the second season, an episode featured Stevie and Adam trying to convince Mari not to get breast implants. Another episode followed Stevie as he experienced a cancer scare, spending several days waiting for test results from his doctor.

The second season also includes an episode that follows Glasser's efforts to mount an Internet-based telethon to raise money for freedom of speech causes; this event was in response to his nearly being jailed on obscenity charges several years prior and, according to the episode, was sparked when Glasser discovered a shipment of Seymour Butts tapes that was about to be inadvertently mailed to an American state where importation of pornography is illegal.

title: Family Business (American TV series)


text:
SkyKing Limited

SkyKing Limited was a scheduled passenger airline based on the Turks and Caicos Islands.

History
In December 1994, two entrepreneurs from the Turks and Caicos Islands, Harold Charles (a native of Haiti) and John Shearer, joined forces putting together a hangar facility and 2 small piston-engine aircraft to form a small charter airline. The first revenue flight took place in January 1995. In 1996, scheduled services began using a mixed fleet of a total of eight Cessna 400 and Piper PA-23 aircraft, after which larger Short 360 aircraft were added. Over the following years, SkyKing bought some Beechcraft 1900, which eventually became the only aircraft type in the fleet.

In 2008, SkyKing was acquired by rival Air Turks and Caicos. Since 22 October of that year, all SkyKing operations were merged into its new owner. Subsequently, the SkyKing brand was discontinued.

Destinations
At the time of closure, SkyKing operated scheduled flights to the following destinations:

 * Dominican Republic
 * Puerto Plata - Gregorio Luperón International Airport
 * Santiago de los Caballeros - Cibao International Airport

 * Haiti
 * Cap-Haïtien - Cap-Haitien International Airport

 * Jamaica
 * Kingston - Norman Manley International Airport

 * Turks and Caicos Islands
 * Grand Turk - JAGS McCartney International Airport secondary hub
 * Providenciales - Providenciales International Airport hub
 * South Caicos - South Caicos Airport

Fleet
In October 2008, SkyKing operated the following aircraft, which were subsequently integrated into the Air Turks and Caicos fleet.
 * 4 Beechcraft 1900

title: SkyKing Limited