text:
Biker Boyz

Biker Boyz is a 2003 American sports action drama film, directed by Reggie Rock Bythewood and written by Bythewood and Craig Fernandez, based on the 2000 New Times LA article of the same name by Michael Gougis. The film is about a group of underground motorcycle drag racers, and the intense rivalry between a legendary motorcyclist and a young racing prodigy who has formed his own biker club.

The film features an ensemble cast including Laurence Fishburne, Derek Luke, Meagan Good, Djimon Hounsou, Brendan Fehr, Rick Gonzalez, Larenz Tate, Terrence Howard, Orlando Jones, Salli Richardson, and Kid Rock. It also features Lisa Bonet and Vanessa Bell Calloway.

Biker Boyz was released on January 31, 2003, in the United States by DreamWorks Pictures, received generally unfavorable reviews, and was a box-office failure.

Plot
In the world of underground motorcycle drag racing, the undefeated champion Smoke is the undisputed "King of Cali", fending off challengers for his crown. Racing prodigy Kid has been assisting his father, mechanic Slick Will, as they prepare Smoke's bike for racing. In narration, Kid quotes his dad as saying "the difference between men and boys is the lessons they learn" and adds that his father taught him plenty.

A local biker issues a challenge to Smoke, who accepts. Smoke, utilizing "tunnel vision", wins the race but the challenger crashes into a row of parked bikes. Upended, the motorcycle strikes Slick Will and throws him through a plate storefront window. Both men are instantly killed. At Slick Will's funeral, Smoke leads dozens of bikers from the "Black Knights" to offer his condolences to Slick Will's widow Anita. They drop a Black Knights flag into his grave; Kid is unimpressed with the gesture.

Six months later, Kid, a now capable rider who is hustling with fellow racer Stuntman, attend a biker party where Kid and Stuntman hustle a fellow racer named Donny after Kid disrupted a race between Donny and Stuntman to show off his new bike and impress a woman he met in the crowd, Tina. To cover their tracks, fellow biker Primo suggests that the trio form a bike club. Kid starts a romance with Tina. Kid makes amends to the biker jury consisting of 10 leaders of the most powerful biker gangs following his stunt. He apologizes for his disrespect towards Smoke, their chairman, and they agree to verify the new club with the trio calling themselves "Biker Boyz".

Smoke is challenged by leader of the Strays and long-time rival Dogg, and the two wager thousands and the title. The day of the race, Smoke defeats Dogg and afterwards, in late but stunting fashion, the Biker Boyz arrive. Kid trash talks Motherland in an impromptu move to provoke Smoke. Smoke is unamused with Kid's bid to "make an entrance" and the Black Knights exit. Motherland and Kid race until police arrive and arrest Kid. A lawyer for the Black Knights bails Kid out and Anita confronts him, threatening to kick Kid out if he races again.

The night of the Black Knights annual dance, Kid is challenged by proxy to race Dogg and accepts after a squabble with Tina's brother and Stray mechanic Wood. Anita finds Smoke before the race and demands that he stop it. Smoke and Anita argue until she relents, telling Smoke that Kid is his son and not Slick Will's. Incredulous, Smoke is moved to act and manages to draw Kid into an altercation. Kid attacks Smoke, but gets his keys confiscated and knocked out, averting the race.

Recovering at home, Kid confronts Anita, who confesses. Enraged, Kid moves in with Tina. Kid elects to go rogue and after gaining more followers for his club, gathers his team. When Stuntman successfully hustles the nephew of a dangerous biker, he and Primo are ambushed at a party. Kid comes to the rescue but is overpowered by the leader of the other club who pulls a gun. Smoke and a group of Black Knights intervene and convince the vengeful bikers to stand down. Smoke and Kid have a sit down at the Biker Boyz spot but Kid is more dismissive and angry as ever. Smoke agrees to race Kid under the condition that whoever loses will never race again, but first Smoke has to allow Kid to race Dogg at the next circuit event. Soon thereafter Kid reconciles with Anita.

At the race track, Kid and his team face the Strays with Smoke and the Black Knights at watch from the stands. Dogg and Kid race down the strip until Dogg does a "bump and run" causing Kid to "lay the bike down" into a crash. Although Kid is unhurt, his bike is wrecked. Smoke informs Kid that the authorities are closing the track, due to the amount of crashes, but he has managed to rent a farm outside of town, securing their race. Kid agrees to arrive the next day.

Kid, Primo, and Stuntman try to fix Kid's bike when the Strays arrive to confront them. Wood confirms that the damage is too severe to mend in time for the race. Dogg concedes that only their bikes are as strong and fast as Smoke's. As a peace offering, Dogg lends Kid his bike.

The following day, Black Knights and Biker Boyz arrive and line up in opposing formation in the open field. Smoke calls for a fair race, with no nitrous oxide system; Kid wants Tina to call the start. Smoke and Kid race on a dirt road behind the farm and Kid adopts Smoke's "tunnel vision" with the finish line in sight. On course to win, Smoke is suddenly filled with emotions and instead slows down to let his son win, giving way to Kid becoming the new "King of Cali".

Smoke relinquishes the crown to a humbled and respectful Kid who tells Smoke to keep his helmet. Kid watches on as his father rides off into the sunset and in narration repeats Slick Will's sentiment in full context that "the difference between men and boys are the lessons they learn" and adds that his father taught him plenty.

Cast

 * Laurence Fishburne as Manuel "Smoke" Galloway
 * Derek Luke as Jalil "Kid" Galloway, Anita's son, Tina's boyfriend and Smoke's estranged son
 * Orlando Jones as "Soul Train"
 * Djimon Hounsou as "Motherland"
 * Lisa Bonet as "Queenie"
 * Brendan Fehr as "Stuntman"
 * Larenz Tate as "Wood"
 * Terrence Dashon Howard as "Chu-Chu"
 * Kid Rock as "Dogg"
 * Rick Gonzalez as "Primo"
 * Meagan Good as Tina, Kid's Girlfriend
 * Salli Richardson-Whitfield as "Half & Half"
 * Vanessa Bell Calloway as Anita Galloway, Kid's Mother and Slick Will's Wife
 * Dante Basco as "Philly"
 * Kadeem Hardison as T.J
 * Dion Basco as "Flip"
 * Tyson Beckford as Donny
 * Eriq La Salle as William "Slick Will" Galloway, Kid's Stepfather
 * Nicholas Sheriff as "Kidd Chaos"

Featured motorcycles

 * Silver and Magenta 1999 Suzuki Hayabusa GSX1300R: Smoke
 * Yellow and silver 2001 Suzuki GSX-R 750: Kid
 * Black 2000 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-12R: Dogg
 * Red and silver Ducati 996S: Primo
 * Silver 2000 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-12R: Kidd Chaos
 * Orange 1998 Yamaha R1: Chu Chu
 * Silver 2000 Yamaha R1: Stuntman
 * Green 1999 Suzuki TL1000R: 1/2 & 1/2
 * 1982 Kawasaki KZ1000: Soul Train
 * 2001 Honda CBR1100XX: Motherland
 * T-Rex (automobile): T.J.

Development
Biker Boyz is based loosely on Manuel "Pokey" Galloway the president of Valiant Riders of Pasadena, California.

Laurence Fishburne, Derek Luke, Orlando Jones, Djimon Hounsou, Nicholas Sheriff, Lisa Bonet, Brendan Fehr, Larenz Tate, Terrence Howard, Salli Richardson, Kid Rock, Rick Gonzalez, and Meagan Good are all avid bikers in real life.

The real "King Of Cali" made a cameo appearance in the film, in the scene where Kid is in a meeting with the set.

Slick Will really doesn't blink as the bike hits him, as Soul Train states.

Actual motorcycle clubs were on the set as technical advisors, and performed some of the tricks, stunts, and racing. They include Valiant Riders, The Mighty Black Sabbath Motorcycle Club Nation, G-Zer Tribe, Ruff Ryders, Soul Brothers, Total Package, Chosen Few MC, Rare Breed, Brothers of the Sun, Sisters of the Sun, Deuces, and Black Sabbath New Breed.

The Biker Boyz jackets were in part inspired by Nexxunlimited Entertainment (as shown in the end credits).

Soundtrack
A soundtrack containing hip hop, rock and R&B music was released on January 23, 2003, by DreamWorks Records. It peaked at #98 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.

Critical response
The movie received generally negative reviews. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 22% based on reviews from 94 critics. The site's consensus states: "Waste of a good cast. For a movie about bike racing, it never gets up to speed." Metacritic gives the film a score of 36% based on reviews from 27 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.

Box office
The film was a box office failure, earning a worldwide total of $23.5 million against a $24 million budget.

Home media
The film was released on DVD & VHS on June 10, 2003, in North America, and on DVD in the United Kingdom on August 21, 2004.

title: Biker Boyz


text:
Port of San Juan

The Port of San Juan (Puerto de San Juan) is a seaport facility located in the metropolitan area of San Juan, Puerto Rico.

The "Port of San Juan" is the general name used to call various passenger and cargo facilities located in lands around the San Juan Bay (Bahía de San Juan). The port is composed of a total of sixteen piers, of which eight are used for passenger ships and eight for cargo ships. The port's facilities, in addition to, Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport and the Cataño Ferry "Lancha de Cataño" services, are property of the Puerto Rico Ports Authority.

The bay and its docks are located along San Antonio Canal, a narrow navigable section of San Juan Bay lying south of Old San Juan and San Juan island, and north and west of the Puerto Rico Convention Center District and Isla Grande Airport. The municipalities of Cataño, Guaynabo and San Juan compose the south side of the bay and port.

Cargo facilities
The Port of San Juan's cargo facilities are located on the southern portion of San Juan Bay. Of the approximately eight cargo terminals, five are located in the Puerto Nuevo district of San Juan and the other three are located in the neighboring municipality of Guaynabo. The cargo facilities allow for more than 500,000 square feet (46,000 m2) of space for loading and unloading cargo.

The location of the port's cargo facilities give it immediate access to Puerto Rico's vast expressway system and several major local routes, this allows for the fast and efficient transportation of goods throughout the Metropolitan Area and the rest of the island.

Passenger facilities
The Port of San Juan's passenger facilities are located along San Antonio Canal. Of the 15 piers in the channel, four accommodate cruise ships while others serve cargo vessels and the Cataño Ferry.

Ferry service
The Cataño Ferry (Lancha de Cataño) provides multiple daily round-trips from San Juan to Cataño.

Cruise service
While most cargo ships dock on the south side of the bay, cruise ships arrive at one of the four cruise piers located along San Antonio Canal. This arrangement allows tourists to walk to major attractions such as Old San Juan and the Puerto Rico Convention Center District. The short distance between the Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport and the cruise ship docks is 7 miles and makes the area a prime location for cruise companies. Cruise ship companies, such as Carnival Cruises and Royal Caribbean prefer this setting, and have made the San Juan one of their ports of call. Some of the most recognized ships to have docked at the Port of San Juan during the late 1970s and early 1980s, were the Carla C, and Cunard's Countess and Princess ships.

Ships based out of San Juan
The following cruise ships are homeported at San Juan:

 * Celebrity Summit (seasonal)
 * Disney Magic
 * Jewel of the Seas (seasonal)
 * Norwegian Epic (seasonal)
 * Norwegian Viva
 * Rhapsody of the Seas
 * Silver Wind (seasonal) depart from San Juan to Fort Lauderdale
 * Voyager of the Seas
 * Sea Dream II (seasonal)

Future ships based out of San Juan

 * Star Pride
 * Viking Sea

Operators that visit San Juan
The following operators visit San Juan:
 * AIDA Cruises
 * Azamara Club Cruises
 * Carnival
 * Celebrity
 * Costa Crociere
 * Crystal Cruises
 * Disney Cruise Line
 * Holland America Line
 * MSC Cruises
 * Norwegian Cruise Line
 * Oceania Cruises
 * Princess Cruises
 * Regent Seven Seas Cruises
 * Royal Caribbean
 * SeaDream Yacht Club
 * Silversea
 * Viking Ocean Cruises
 * Windstar Cruises

Destinations
The following is a listing of the majority of the locations served by passenger ship and ferry routes.

 * Aruba
 * Antigua
 * Bahamas
 * Barbados
 * Bermuda
 * Bonaire
 * British Virgin Islands
 * Curaçao
 * Dominican Republic
 * Dominica
 * Grenada
 * Florida
 * Jamaica
 * Mexico
 * St. Kitts and Nevis
 * St. Lucia
 * St. Maarten
 * Trinidad and Tobago
 * Turks and Caicos
 * US Virgin Islands
 * Venezuela

Operations during Hurricane Maria
After Hurricane Maria devastated the communications and electricity network in Puerto Rico on September 20, 2017, the Port could not get enough truck drivers to distribute containers of relief supplies. The landslides, floods, lack of gasoline, water and food, caused a "vast humanitarian and logistical challenge" and a FEMA rep said on October 3, "We are currently developing a strategy to reach the center of the island.”

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Port of San Juan


text:
Talk:Geographic coordinate conversion

Conversion code
The PHP code is too simple. For instance, given the input value "12.999992", the output is "12° 60.000". This is a classical rounding problem. Here are two Perl subroutines which get it right. The second uses Perl's automatic conversion between numbers and strings, a feature not available in all languages. I don't know PHP well enough to write it, but the Perl code below should be understandable by most programmers. –Peter J. Acklam 10:24, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I've added a new PHP function which I use as part of my website engine. Works well and is more robust & easier to follow than the original "pretty_coord" example –Andrew N. Thu, 10 Aug 2006 05:04:42 +1000 (UTC)

 * Is it more robust? It converts "12.5832" into "12:34:60", which should have been "12:35:00". It seems that your code is suffering from the exact same problem as the other code examples. –Peter J. Acklam 11:25, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

Legal ranges
What are the ranges of degrees, minutes and seconds that are allowed to use? And also what are the allowed number systems for the numbers? What do you think about these values: 23° -45' 22.1" -23° -45' -22.1" -(23° 45' 22.1") 23° 61' 61" 23° 45.7' 22.1" --80.122.38.210 05:28, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

WGS84-centric
This article pretends, that the world has only WGS84-coordinates. That's not true, there are others like Gauss-Krüger coordinate system, so the name of the article or the article should be changed. --141.52.232.84 (talk) 09:22, 8 October 2008 (UTC)

Complete rewrite
With this article slated for deletion and all the good howto information exported to Wikiversity, I decided to completely rewrite the article. The conversion between degrees-minutes-seconds and decimal degrees has been condensed into a short section, while all the other types of conversions of geographic coordinates, such as conversions among datums, has been added. It is still incomplete in many places (e.g., the datum conversion methods could be filled out with more formulas and application examples), but is hopefully a good start on this notable subject based on reliable sources. --Mark viking (talk) 22:16, 5 March 2014 (UTC)

Merge
Someone added a tag proposing a merge with Geographic coordinate system. I merged material on overlapping topics, but decided most of what's here is technical and probably uninteresting to readers of the other article. Also, much of what's here applies to geographic datum and I think merging all three articles would probably make the result too long. So, I'm leaving this article as a standalone, and noting in the intro that readers are expected to be familiar with the content of the other two articles (since I removed the context from this article for the sake of not repeating ourselves). -- Beland (talk) 09:42, 29 July 2015 (UTC)

 * Your approach makes good sense to me. There is a lot of detail here that would not be interesting to someone just wanting to learn a little more about geographic coordinates and how to read maps. Thanks, --Mark viking (talk) 17:46, 29 July 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Geographic coordinate conversion. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140306001134/http://www.profsurv.com/magazine/article.aspx?i=1193 to http://www.profsurv.com/magazine/article.aspx?i=1193
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131008000112/http://digaohm.semar.gob.mx:80/imagenes/hidrografia/S60_Ed3Eng.pdf to http://digaohm.semar.gob.mx/imagenes/hidrografia/S60_Ed3Eng.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:38, 9 January 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Geographic coordinate conversion. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://www.ferris.edu/faculty/burtchr/papers/cartesian_to_geodetic.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140306005736/http://info.ogp.org.uk/geodesy/guides/docs/G7-2.pdf to http://info.ogp.org.uk/geodesy/guides/docs/G7-2.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:24, 13 October 2017 (UTC)

The application of Ferrari's solution
Isn't the second step unnecessary? You already know e': "It is assumed that geodetic parameters {\displaystyle \{a,b,e,e'\}} \{a,b,e,e'\} are known" — Preceding unsigned comment added by Whossname (talk • contribs) 11:11, 18 November 2017 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Geographic coordinate conversion. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160202201558/http://www.paulbolstad.net/4thedition/samplechaps/GISFundChap3.pdf to http://www.paulbolstad.net/4thedition/samplechaps/GISFundChap3.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:39, 22 January 2018 (UTC)

Potential external link addition:
I am the creator of the site convertecef.com, which aims to help people make accurate conversations between ECEF and geodetic coordinates (in particular, we've found people make mistakes with the altitude term, causing unexpected or incorrect answers to be displayed). The site is free to use, though it does have a premium API option. By my understanding, as the creator of the site it would be a conflict of interest to post the link directly in this article even if relevant. If another editor were willing to try it out and see if they think it is a worthwhile addition to the article I'd appreciate it. Otherwise any feedback would be welcome.

Thank you for your consideration.

Zuberre (talk) 19:33, 11 June 2019 (UTC)

Name of coordinates for ENU
In ENU to ECEF and in ECEF to ENU formulas, the ENU coordinates have been named x,y,z. I think that use of E,N,U letters would be more clear. Ginsi (talk) 17:37, 23 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Geographic coordinate conversion


text:
Talk:List of universities in Malaysia

Translation in English not Name in English
I believe it should be translation in English because some, perhaps most university names are official in both Bahasa Melayu and English (with Malay spellings) for example Universiti Sains Malaysia., which is unlike MMU (ms: Universiti Multimedia / en: Multimedia University). That's why these IPTA have Malay abbreviation instead of English.

By the way, why do we must make our (self declared) official name, while the university or the government don't? Look at the French (i.e. École Normale Supérieure, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie - PARIS V) Germans (Freie Universität Berlin), and Spanish (Universidad de Salamanca) they didn't make any English version of their university official names —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rizman Suzaidi (talk • contribs) 04:42, 13 July 2009 (UTC)

BTW I have change Name in English to Unofficial translation in English —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rizman Suzaidi (talk • contribs) 09:37, 3 February 2010 (UTC) (I welcomes any comments)
 * I believe the column title should be Names in English. Some public universities have both English and Malay as their official names (like UM and UKM) while there is one public university which only has one official name, in English (i.e. IIUM). So, saying that these names are Unofficial translation in English is wrong. Most private universities' official names are only English, but there are exceptions as well (such as UniKL, UNISEL etc.). Since the official names can be found in each individual article, the table columns should just indicate the names of universities, and not generalise them as unofficial and official. Draco97 (talk) 07:09, 2 February 2020 (UTC)

Malay or English titles
In the English Wikipedia, shouldn't many of the names below be in English? --Henrygb 10:24, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC) Universiti University Kolej      College Teknologi  Technology Teknikal   Technical

They shouldn't be because they're official names. - Haniff

Agree with Haniff. Most Malaysian public universities do not have official English titles. This is a part of Malaysian English i.e. using certain Malay words when referring to an English context, even for official usage.

It is not exactly due to Malaysian English. The institutions are named in Malay. The literal translations of the names are only for informal uses. Shahrulazwad (talk) 04:13, 4 June 2012 (UTC)

Alphabetical Order
Let's make sure the order is alphabetical, to avoid any competition.

I agree with private universities and colleges, but not public universities. They should be arranged according to year of establishment, with Universiti Malaya being the first on the list. With so many new public and private universities cropping up, it's only fair that we keep the long-established universities on top.
 * Hmm .. sorry to have missed this before my major edit. Technically UTM predates UM by a year; the UTM's predecessor institution, the Treacher Technical School, was established in 1904 vis a vis UM's predecessor institution, the Straits and Federated Malay States Government Medical School, in 1905. Anyway, I've recategorised them alphabetically, first by state, followed by name of the institution, using the featured list of universities in Bangladesh as a model. I've also removed non degree granting institutions (ie. non university and university colleges) from the list and am suggesting that they be put up in a different list, together with community colleges and polytechnics. Perhaps the title; List of post-secondary institutions in Malaysia; can be considered. - Bob K 09:04, 19 June 2008 (UTC)

I agree with alphabetical order. Shahrulazwad (talk) 04:14, 4 June 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on List of universities in Malaysia. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150404164346/http://www.upnm.edu.my/en/index.php?req=7 to http://www.upnm.edu.my/en/index.php?req=7
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150810022219/http://www.utm.my/about/brief-history-of-utm/ to http://www.utm.my/about/brief-history-of-utm/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:31, 23 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of universities in Malaysia


text:
Thor (Ultimate Marvel)

In the Ultimate Marvel universe, Thorlief "Thor" Golmen is a fictional superhero based on the Marvel Universe version of Thor, who is the Asgardian God of Thunder and a founding member of the Ultimates. Also known as "Ultimate Thor", Golmen is an anarchist who discovers he is the reincarnated form of the Norse warrior god Thor. The "Ultimate" redesign of the character reduces the number of Thor's powers, and reduces the character's reliance upon his hammer. Perhaps most significantly, the Thunder God's long-established personality is drastically altered, changing him from an eager and willing divine combatant into an ecocentric, arguably unstable, and reluctant warrior.

Adapted from Stan Lee and Jack Kirby's comic book version of Thor by Mark Millar and Bryan Hitch, in-turn based on the deity of the same name of Norse mythology, first appearing in The Ultimates.

Principle and ratio
Ultimate Thor was once a psychiatric nurse called Thorlief Golmen until suffering a nervous breakdown before his 30th birthday. During the 18 months he spent institutionalized, he claims to have realized who he is and why he has been sent to Earth. He claimed to be Thor, Norse god of thunder, on a mission to save the planet and to stop the "war to end all wars." Thor himself claims to have known who he was since he was twelve years old, and that his nervous breakdown only brought him further clarity. His political and social activism, as well as his own self-help books, attracted rebellious hippies and conspiracy theorists. He spoke against America's military aggression towards other world powers and the military-industrial complex.

His background is made less clear due to his brother Loki's reality manipulations, and later stories try to reconcile this history with the existence of Asgard.

The Ultimates
In The Ultimates, when General Nick Fury contacted Thor about joining the Ultimates, Thor refused to work for the military-industrial complex that he detests. When the Hulk appeared in Manhattan, Thor refused to assist unless the President doubled the foreign aid budget. Not long after the Ultimates confronted the Hulk, the President relented and Thor appeared in time to save Captain America from Hulk. Following the battle, Thor became good friends with Tony Stark and Steve Rogers, pledging his support whenever lives are in danger. Over dinner, he explained his origins to Stark and Rogers and insisted that he is the real Thor. Soon thereafter, Thor was briefed on the Chitauri and sent to investigate a suspected Chitauri base in Micronesia. They were saved by Iron Man's force field after they discovered the base abandoned and ready to explode. Once a Chitauri fleet appeared in Arizona, Thor brought the survivors there. He and Iron Man then provided air support against the Chitauri spacecraft until the Air Force arrived. After Iron Man asked Thor to help him dispose of the Chitauri bomb that would obliterate the entire solar system, Thor teleported it to the wastes of Náströnd, a deserted world in the Asgardian cosmos where its detonation caused only a small ripple in our space-time.

Ultimate War
In Ultimate War, Thor appears as a member of the Ultimates, retrieving the dead with Iron Man after the attack in issue one. When Magneto attacks the Ultimates, he says he is surprised to see Thor with the Ultimates, and asks him if he thinks he can change them. Thor throws Mjolnir at the Master of Magnetism, but Magneto manages to stop it an inch from his helmet and throws it back at Thor, sending him through a wall. Thor joins the Ultimates in attacking the X-Men later on; he fights Storm but is defeated by Colossus.

Ultimates Six
In Ultimate Six, Thor appears with the Ultimates while bringing in Kraven the Hunter, although he refuses Captain America's requests to catch Kraven or bring him back when they arrive to bring him in for illegally tampering with his DNA. He is seen aiding in reconstruction efforts in Bosnia when summoned following the Six's breakout. Thor defeats Electro and Kraven the Hunter during the climactic battle at the White House.

Ultimate Secret
In Ultimate Secret, Thor and Iron Man escort the Fantastic Four to Nevada. When the Kree attack the base, Thor, Black Widow, Johnny Storm, and Thing fight off the aliens. As he is idolized by Johnny Storm and Ben Grimm, he fraternizes with them and orders Carol Danvers to prepare a keg of beer for after the battle.

Ultimate Fantastic Four
Thor has appeared or been mentioned in several storylines of the Ultimate Fantastic Four. Reed Richards at one point created infant hard light versions of the Ultimates and thought Thor to be the most powerful superhuman on the planet. This was proved wrong when Namor appeared to be physically stronger. In another storyline, an interdimensional parasite that sought out the most powerful being on the planet bypassed a present Thor and possessed Doctor Doom. This is attributed to a combination of Doom's physical states and knowledge of Atlantean magic.

Thor appeared as a minor character in an alternate timeline as the President of the United States due to time travel involving Skrull invaders. In it his powers were described as "natural." This alternate version was killed during the Skrull invasion and ceased to exist when the timeline was erased.

Thor appeared in a later storyline involving Thanos. He stated he had fought Thanos in the past and tried to fight him again along with the rest of the Ultimates. He was quickly defeated due to Thanos possessing the Cosmic Cube and turned into a tree. This was undone when Thanos was defeated by the Fantastic Four.

The Ultimates 2
In The Ultimates 2, Thor has resigned from the Ultimates due to his belief that the team has become a tool for American foreign policy. In a restaurant, he meets fellow Asgardian Volstagg, also reincarnated as a human being, who warns him his half-brother Gunnar Golmen/Loki has escaped and is shifting reality on Earth to strike at Thor. Volstagg is then erased from reality making it look like Thor is delusional. After Bruce Banner's identity of the Hulk is leaked to the public, Captain America accuses Thor of the leak, but Thor denies the charge. He tries to warn Captain America of Loki's influence, but his warnings are rejected as are his claims to be Thor. An anti-super-soldier demonstration in Italy turns violent due to Loki's interference. When Thor intervenes on behalf of the protesters, the incident is used as an excuse for the Ultimates to team with the European Defence Initiative's super-soldiers to arrest him. The EDI's head scientist Gunnar Golmen reveals that Thor's powers are technological in nature, coming from his belt and hammer. Gunnar explains that Thor is really his own mentally-troubled brother who stole the equipment and has been being acting as Thor ever since. Gunnar claims the equipment gives Thor physical strength and powers beyond anyone else on the planet, and that he is too dangerous to take on alone. Thor is tracked to Norway. After he fails to convince the Ultimates that Gunnar is really a masquerading Loki manipulating reality, a battle ensues. Despite initially holding his own, Thor is eventually overwhelmed and has to call upon a storm. At the last moment, Quicksilver is able to remove his belt stripping Thor of his powers and his ability to use Mjolnir. Thor is then locked up in the Triskelion all the time being mocked by Loki, who is invisible to all but him and attempts to convince him that he is insane. Thor is imprisoned in the Triskelion until the last issue of the series, where his attempts to warn the Ultimates about the coming dangers are ignored. Following the Liberators' conquest of America, Thor is freed by Odin (helped by Scarlet Witch using her mutant hex power to effect the probability of Thor regaining his power) and restored to full power in time to battle a revealed Loki. At first Loki has the upper hand by using his powers over reality to become immune to Thor's hammer and overpowering the thunder god while summoning an army of Asgardian monsters to kill the Ultimates. After an army of Asgardian warriors arrive to fight the monsters, Loki's powers stop working for unknown reasons. During the battle, Loki reveals he is responsible for creating the idea of a Norwegian super-soldier program and framing Captain America. Thor is able to destroy Loki's mortal form and send his spirit back to Odin for punishment. Now vindicated in his claims of godhood, Thor learns that the Ultimates will no longer be working for the government and rejoins the team.

Ultimate Power
In Ultimate Power, Thor appears alongside the rest of the new Ultimates alongside Nick Fury arriving to battle the Squadron Supreme when they destroy the roof of the Baxter Building. After the battle Thor used his hammer to teleport the Helicarrier with the team to the Supremeverse. There he engages Hyperion in combat, but it remains inconclusive.

In Ultimate Power #7, Thor beats Hyperion by felling him with a huge bolt of lightning then severely beating him with Mjolnir. He also knocks back Zarda as she attempts to stop him from beating Hyperion.

The Ultimates 3
In The Ultimates 3, Thor undergoes many changes making him closer to his mainstream counterpart. He is redesigned with a beard and a bulkier build. He becomes much more eager for battle and more vengeful. His ax/hammer is replaced with one closer to the mainstream version of Mjolnir in look.

He has formed a romantic relationship with Valkyrie, who has mysteriously gained superhuman powers. He starts speaking in a Shakespearean pattern, claiming it is the way he truly speaks and with his godhood no longer in doubt feels he no longer has to hide it.

During the course of the story he reveals he has a collection of weapons which were a gift from Odin forged by Ulik. The ax/hammer weapon is among them. During the course of the story Thor aids the team when the Brotherhood of Mutants attacks their mansion. He later travels to the Savage Land with the Ultimates to confront Magneto. He once again battles Magneto, but is defeated and buried near the center of the Earth.

After the true mastermind behind the events is revealed, Thor attempts to confront Magneto again, but Magneto uses his powers to take Thor's hammer from him and then flees. Following this, Thor begins using a sword. Donald Blake also appeared in the first issue of the series as the doctor who attempted to revive the Scarlet Witch after she was shot.

Blake was never seen again in the series. However he later would appear in Ultimate Thor where he is revealed to be Balder, Thor and Loki's brother and Odin's eyes and ears, revived in human form after being murdered by Loki.

Ultimatum
As mentioned, Magneto uses Thor's hammer to create worldwide destruction after what happened to Scarlet Witch and Quicksilver. During these events, upon finding Valkyrie's lifeless body following a tidal wave, Thor enters Valhalla to reclaim her soul. He is then confronted by Hela, who forces Thor to battle Hela's army of fallen warriors to reach Valkyrie. Captain America suddenly appears in Valhalla, implying that he has died. In Valhalla, Thor sacrifices himself to save Valkyrie and Captain America from Hela, and this allows them to go back to life.

New Ultimates
In New Ultimates #1, Thor is shown still imprisoned, demanding Hela returns him to Earth and to Valkyrie. She tells him she will give him whatever his heart desires in exchange for a son. The next issue has a vision shown to Valkyrie by Amora where Thor is having sex with Hela, in otfder to give her a son. Later, Hela tells him that another soul is still needed for him to leave, Thor says it will be hers but finds himself unable to kill her because she is already pregnant. At the end of the issue, he is resurrected at the price of the death of Valkyrie. Thor then goes into a rage searching for his brother and attacking the Ultimates in the process until he finally finds him and gets his hammer back with the Ultimates watching as he is still extremely angry.

Thor remains in the Ultimates when they were employed by Carol Danvers and battles Nick Fury's black-ops team codenamed the Avengers. At this point, Thor is back in a relationship with Jane Foster and shared an apartment with her and began to talk like a "normal person" again when Tony Stark promised to donate money to charity if Thor gave up his Asgardian "faux-Shakespearean" speech-pattern. In the final battle during the revolution in North Korea organised by Gregory Stark, Thor and the Ultimates battle Gregory, whose superpowered suit made him too powerful to defeat until Iron Man disabled it with an electromagnetic pulse, giving Thor the opportunity to kill Gregory on the spot with a lightning bolt.

Thor's return and rejoining into the Ultimates was confirmed in the pages of Ultimate Comics: Spider-Man, where he is seen as one of the Ultimates. Director Danvers asks his advice, and one of the Ultimates who will teach Spider-Man to be a hero.

Ultimate Fallout
During the "Ultimate Fallout" storyline, Thor is later shown attending Peter Parker's funeral, where he reflects that he has also seen Peter dining in Valhalla with the deceased X-Men and Ultimates members.

Ultimate Comics: Thor
Ultimate Comics: Thor reveals Thor's personal history from Asgard and prior to the events of The Ultimates. Eons ago, Thor resided in Asgard along with his brothers Balder and Loki, and under the rule of King Odin. Odin foresees that Asgard will soon fall and chooses Thor to champion the ways of Asgard after that event.

The hammer Mjolnir is crafted to contain the power of Asgard, and Thor is the only one who is able to wield the weapon. After murdering Balder and stealing the sacred Norn Stones, Loki relocates to Earth. There, he aligns himself with the Nazis in World War II in the guise of Baron Zemo. Loki uses the stones to return to Asgard, armed with an army of Frost Giants and Nazi soldiers.

In the ensuing battle, Odin transports Loki to the Room with No Doors, but is subsequently killed by a Frost Giant named Mammoth. While Asgard de-materializes, Thor delivers one last powerful blow against the invaders.

In modern-day Earth, Thor is shown to be the subject of the European Super Soldier program. His powers are shown to be a function of the program, designed by the E.S.S. to imitate Norse iconography with Thor as the super-soldier symbol of Norway, but the project meets an unexpected stumbling block when Thor's claims of being the human incarnation of a Norse God leads the scientists in charge of the program to believe that he is insane.

Psychiatrist Dr. Donald Blake is later revealed to be the reborn Balder and tells the scientists that his examination suggests that Thor is who he says he is. Balder tells Thor that, despite Ragnarok destroying Asgard, the Gods live on in the hearts of mortals and are yet to be reawakened.

This, in addition to the financial costs that went into the super soldier program, convinces the scientists to complete the work that turns Thor into a super soldier.

He is given a suit designed to heighten his strength significantly, leaving him practically unbeatable, along with being equipped with a weather-manipulation device which allows him to control weather and teleport across space. When the scientist face difficulty in handling the size of the machine, Thor tells them to make it the head of his new ax-hammer.

Once allowed into the open, Thor works on a number of humanitarian projects, and rejects offers from General Nick Fury to join the Ultimates.

Meanwhile, Loki escapes from the Room with No Doors and returns to Earth. Balder convinces Thor to take up his responsibility as a hero as Thor joins the Ultimates in subduing the Hulk. Despite his pacifist ideals, Thor promises to "bring the Thunder" against "men who make war."

Reed Richards returned to Earth and founded an organization called Children of Tomorrow, a group of evolved humans with the aim of dominating the world, building their base called the Dome. The Dome's interior ages at an accelerated rate compared to the outside world.

Over 900 years have passed inside the Dome, so their inhabitants evolved themselves to perfect super-humans.

The EUSS attacked the Dome with Captain Britain, Captain Spain, and Captain France along with Thor. The heroes were subdued by the enemies and some of them were killed, draining their powers.

After examining Thor, Richards, now called the Maker, sent the Children for the source of power of Thor, leading them to Asgard. After killing every Asgardian God, the Children drained the power of Yggdrasil, leaving Thor powerless. After Iron Man rescued Thor, he provided Odinson with an upgraded version of his Super-Soldier armor, with which Thor teleported to the Dome in search of vengeance.

There, he rescued Captain Britain, but was defeated by the Children, and the Maker showed himself as Reed Richards, with the condition of deliver that message. Also, a new ability emerged to Thor, being the last Asgardian alive, he apparently "became" Valhalla, being able to see the ghost of the dead Asgardians, such as Odin, Loki, and others, who apparently also acts as his awareness, helping him. Following these events, Thor moved into Stark Tower with Jane Foster.

Thor was present with Stark when the Ultimates were labelled as outlaws accompanied him when Stark detailed his plans of how to defeat Reed Richards to the new President of the United States. He easily defeated the Hulk, who was brainwashed by the Maker and injected with a Giant-Man serum.

Thor later battles his son, Modi, who has tried to conquer the United States with the help of Hydra. Thor is forced to kill Modi, and is left to mourn his son, as well as rue his own failures as a father.

When Reed Richards and his Dark Ultimates destroy the Trisection, Thor leaves to drown his sorrows at a small bar in Arizona.

Bruce Banner tracks Thor down and transforms into the Hulk, leading to a rematch between the two. Thor is defeated and imprisoned, but is later freed alongside the rest of his teammates. Iron Man also creates a new hammer and suit of armor for Thor by using Reed's future technology.

When the Earth-616 version of Galactus attacks the Ultimate Earth, Thor is among those to challenge the entity. During the final battle, Thor sacrifices himself in order to drive Galactus into the Negative Zone, trapping them both.

Secret Wars
After the destruction of both the Earth-616 and Ultimate universes as seen during the "Secret Wars" storyline, Thor is among those rescued by God Emperor Doom and transported to Battleworld. Now known as Thunderer Thorlief (nicknamed "Ultimate Thor") of the Thor Corps, he became a top member of the Thor Corps working under Lawspeaker Thor where he had arrested different Hulks and solved murders related to Mangog. Thorlief begins investigating the murderers of various men and women who all turn out to be alternate universe versions of Donald Blake and Jane Foster. Thorlief discovers that the murders were committed by Rune Thor, who had been tasked by God Emperor Doom with eliminating the various versions of Donald and Jane in order to keep the Thor Corps from remembering that the Multiverse once existed before Battleworld. Thorlief and the other members of the Thor Corps storm Doom's castle where they are all killed. After his death, Thorlief's hammer is shown to have landed on the Earth-616 version of Asgard.

Sometime later in the pages of "The Unworthy Thor", the hammer is shown to be on a mysterious space ship, in front of an imprisoned Thor Odinson. This is later revealed to be the ship of the Collector who wants to possess the hammer for himself, and has obtained the ruins of Asgard to this end. Currently, the Collector is being challenged for possession of this hammer by Thanos' Black Order, as well as a team-up of Odinson, Toothgnasher (one of his magical goats), "Thori" (a Hellhound previously owned by Loki), and Beta Ray Bill. Although able to channel its power when in proximity, Odinson chooses not to claim the hammer, but he and Bill use the power of the hammer to return Asgard to its rightful place while decimating the Collector's forces. This hammer is subsequently claimed by Volstagg, after he witnesses the brutal demise of several children in a conflict with Cindr's forces. This transforms Volstagg into the War Thor. Later, the hammer gets destroyed in a battle with the Mangog. This hammer is also seen in one alternate future wielded by synthezoid Victor Mancha.

When Earth-1610 was restored, Thor was among the Ultimates that aided Spider-Man against Green Goblin. This was witnessed when Earth-616's Miles Morales visited Earth-1610.

Powers and abilities
Thor possesses immense superhuman strength, stamina, and durability. At the beginning of the series, his physical powers were entirely dependent on his belt because he had no access to his divine powers. After being restored by Odin, however, it is unclear if the belt boosts his powers or, in fact, serves any purpose at all.

Thor possesses the ability to control the weather on a large scale. He is capable of summoning thunderstorms and controlling massive amounts of lightning. He can teleport across space and between dimensions. It is unknown to what extent he relies on his weapons for these abilities. It is also unknown if Thor can control other types of weather. Both variations of his hammer are capable of these powers.

Thor possesses some skill at combat. He is depicted with an armory of weapons ranging from different types of hammers to swords and daggers. However, the ax/hammer hybrid primarily wielded by the character is considered to be the "Ultimate" version of Mjolnir, as revealed in Ultimate Power #9. But, in the Ultimate Thor miniseries it is revealed that the hammer resembling the Earth-616 version was his weapon when he was a god, and was lost during Ragnarok. When he is reincarnated as Thorleif Golmen, he is given tech-based armour and a portable power supply that gives him his superhuman powers, which is turned into the recognisable axe-hammer from The Ultimates.

In The Ultimates 3, Thor no longer wears the belt or uses the axe-hammer, and instead uses the "true" Mjolnir. When the Children of Tomorrow drain the Odinforce and exterminate the Asgardian race, Thor is stripped of his godly powers and gives his square hammer to his son Modi before pushing him into the World Tree. From then, he uses the belt and axe-hammer he wielded before, now more powerful due to advancements made by Tony Stark.

In other media

 * Ultimate Thor appears in the two animated films Ultimate Avengers: The Movie and Ultimate Avengers 2 (which are loosely adapted from The Ultimates), voiced by Dave Boat. Thor undergoes some differences to make him resemble the original Thor created by Stan Lee. His costume and hammer remain unchanged from The Ultimates, though he is clean-shaven and has on-screen conferences with Odin. His speech is formal and stilted. In Ultimate Avengers, Thor's onscreen time is considerably smaller than the appearances of the other heroes.  He first appears with a group of environmental protesters when Nick Fury and Captain America approach him to join the Avengers. He appears in the climax of the film in time to help defeat the Chitauri fleet and stop the invasion.In Ultimate Avengers 2, he overcomes a predicament (which he foresees in a vision) involving the deaths of the Avengers at the hands of the Chitauri invasion force.
 * The Ultimate costume is the default skin for Thor in the video game Marvel: Ultimate Alliance, as well as being worn in the cutscenes.
 * Ultimate Thor appears with the Ultimates after Spider-Man's battle with Green Goblin in Spider-Man: Battle for New York.
 * The Marvel Cinematic Universe version of Thor borrows certain elements of costume and personality from the Ultimate version.

title: Thor (Ultimate Marvel)


text:
Talk:Lotus Elite

It's a drag?
The article claims "an astounding drag coefficient of only 0.29 - which actually outperforms most modern sports cars". Sounds like a lot of hype. The 1949 Saab 92 has 0.3 and it's far from both modern and sports car. You get 0.28 in the Saab 9-3 sedan. So the drag was good for it's time, but not exceptional. // Liftarn

First fiberglass monocoque
Sorry, but it wasn't first. The 1956 Berkeley T60 beat the Elite by three years. // Liftarn

 * I think you mean the B-60; the T-60 is the three-wheel version, dating from around 1959. Noel (talk) 16:09, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

Elite not the first Lotus produced car to race in Australia
I have removed the line claiming that an Elite was the first Lotus produced car to race in Australia as a Lotus Six was raced at Albert Park in Victoria, Australia by Alex Strachan on 18 March of 1956, the year before the Elite was released. Please see http://members.optusnet.com.au/dandsshaw/images/results/500ccPt3.htm GTHO (talk) 23:19, 17 April 2009 (UTC)

2014 Elite
This project has been cancelled, so I have updated the entry to show this. Mr Tangle (talk) 17:50, 19 October 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Lotus Elite. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/5glwqDZvw to http://www.camsmanual.com.au/01_about.asp

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 16:13, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lotus Elite


text:
Herb Trimpe

Herbert William Trimpe (May 26, 1939 – April 13, 2015) was an American comics artist and occasional writer, best known as the seminal 1970s artist on The Incredible Hulk and as the first artist to draw for publication the character Wolverine, who later became a breakout star of the X-Men.

Early life
Herb Trimpe was born May 26, 1939, in Peekskill, New York, the son of Anna (Jamison) and Herbert Trimpe. He graduated from Lakeland High School. His brother, Mike Trimpe, inked an Ant-Man story that Trimpe pencilled in Marvel Feature #6 (Nov. 1972). Of his childhood art and comics influences, he said in 2002, "I really loved the Disney stuff, Donald Duck and characters like that. Funny-animal stuff, that was kind of my favorite, and I liked to draw that kind of thing. And I also liked ... Plastic Man. ... I loved comics since I was a little kid, but I was actually more interested in syndicating a comic strip than working in comics." As well, "I was a really big fan of EC Comics and [artist] Jack Davis."

Career
Trimpe commuted to New York City for three years to attend the School of Visual Arts. There, Trimpe recalled in 2002, instructor and longtime comics artist Tom Gill needed a student "to ink his backgrounds and stuff. So that's how I started, at Dell [Comics], doing mostly Westerns and also licensed books, like the adaptation of the movie Journey to the Center of the Earth."

Trimpe then enlisted in the United States Air Force "for four years," he recalled in 1997, "the standard enlistment time, from 1962 to 1966. I was a weatherman, and our unit was on loan, you might say, to the Army. We supplied aviation weather support to the First Air Cavalry Division based in the central highlands in Viet Nam. They used helicopters extensively to move troops around." He achieved the rank of Senior Airman.

Upon his discharge in October 1966, he learned that fellow SVA classmate John Verpoorten was working at Marvel Comics' production department, and ". . . said they were hiring freelance people, and I should come up to the office and show my work to Sol Brodsky, who was Stan [Lee]'s right-hand man at the time. . . . I was just preparing to put some material together and go to DC and Charlton when I got a call from Sol Brodsky, who was production chief. He said they needed somebody on staff in the production department to run the new photostat machine they had just bought, and to do some production work. I would primarily run the 'stat' machine and wouldn't be seated at a desk, but I would be able to pick up some freelance pencilling and inking. This kind of opened the door. The staff job didn't pay much by today's standards; I think it started at $135 dollars a week which wasn't as low as it sounds. Remember, it was 1966 and that was a fairly good entry-level salary."

His joining the Marvel production staff was announced in the "Bullpen Bulletins" of Marvel comics cover-dated June 1967, such as Fantastic Four #63. He remained associated with the company through 1996. While operating the Photostat camera in the Marvel offices, Trimpe did freelance inking for Marvel, and made his professional penciling debut with two Kid Colt stories in the Western series Kid Colt, Outlaw #134–135 (May and July 1967). Shortly thereafter, Trimpe and writer Gary Friedrich created Marvel's World War I aviator hero the Phantom Eagle in Marvel Super-Heroes #16 (Sept. 1968).

Hulk and the Silver Age of Comics
In the 1960s, during the period known as the Silver Age of Comics, Trimpe was assigned to pencil what became his signature character, the Hulk. Beginning with pencil-finishes over Marie Severin layouts in The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, #106 (Aug. 1968), he went on to draw the character for a virtually unbroken run of over seven years, through issue #142 (Aug. 1971), then again from #145–193 (Nov. 1971 – Nov. 1975). Additionally, Trimpe penciled the covers of five Hulk annuals (1969, 1971–72, 1976–77, titled King-Size Special! The Incredible Hulk except for #4, The Incredible Hulk Special), and both penciled and inked the 39-page feature story of The Incredible Hulk Annual #12 (Aug. 1983). Under the Marvel Method of writer-artist collaboration, Trimpe, like other Marvel artists of the time, was uncredited co-plotter of most of his stories, a working arrangement Trimpe said he enjoyed.

Among the characters co-created by Trimpe during his run on the title were Jim Wilson in issue #131 (Sept. 1970) and Doc Samson in #141 (July 1971). During his time on the comic, he became the first artist to draw for publication the character Wolverine, who would go on to become one of Marvel's most popular. The character was conceived by Roy Thomas, written by Len Wein and designed by Marvel de facto art director John Romita Sr. as an antagonist for the Hulk, introduced in the last panel of The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, #180 (Oct. 1974) and making his first full appearance the following issue. Trimpe in 2009 said he "distinctly remembers" Romita's sketch, and that, "The way I see it, [Romita and writer Len Wein] sewed the monster together and I shocked it to life! ... It was just one of those secondary or tertiary characters, actually, that we were using in that particular book with no particular notion of it going anywhere. We did characters in The [Incredible] Hulk all the time that were in [particular] issues and that was the end of them." Trimpe co-created nearly all of the characters introduced during his run on The Incredible Hulk, with Wolverine being a rare exception.

He said that he devised the military unit the Hulkbusters, which became a regular element of The Incredible Hulk: "[The series' writers] came up with the major concepts. I was not involved much with the creation of the new characters or new ideas. I didn't want to be. The concept of the Hulkbusters, however, was my idea. I did [the schematic diagram of the base]. I also designed the unit emblem, which was an 'H' being shattered by a lightning bolt. You remember, 'Thunderbolt' was [antagonist] General Ross' nickname. [The aerial-view design of the base as a peace symbol was used] purposefully as a design for the Hulkbuster base, but it really wasn't a joke. It was just meant as the ironic juxtaposition of a military base run by an aggressive, blustery general, and the military base design being a symbol of peace. It was like in the '60s and '70s when protesters stuck flowers down the barrels of National Guard rifles. It was a provocative gesture."

Trimpe also had a year's run on The Defenders (#68–81, February 1979 – March 1980), a superhero-team comic featuring the Hulk. He also drew the cover, featuring the Hulk, of the 1971 issue of Rolling Stone containing a major profile of Marvel Comics.

The artist in 2002 recalled a less-than-smooth start to his Hulk tenure: "I did, like, three or four pages, and Stan [Lee] saw them and made Frank Giacoia do the layouts [for Trimpe's fourth issue, #109, Nov. 1968]. It wasn't my storytelling, there was a good flow there, but it was too [much like] EC [Comics] for Stan. I loved EC, the dark atmosphere and clean lines of it. . . . But it wasn't right for Marvel."

Other Marvel work
As a Marvel mainstay, Trimpe would draw nearly every starring character, including Captain America (Captain America #184 and 291), the Fantastic Four (Fantastic Four Annual #25–26 in 1992–1993; Fantastic Four Unlimited #1–12 in 1993–1995), Iron Man (Iron Man #39, 82–85, and 93–94 in the 1970s, plus occasional others), Ka-Zar (Astonishing Tales #7–8, 1971), Nick Fury (Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. #13–15, 1969), Thor (Thor Annual #15–16, 1990–1991), Ant-Man (Marvel Feature #4–6), Killraven (Amazing Adventures #20–24, #33), Rawhide Kid, Spider-Man, and many more as the regular artist of Marvel Team-Up #106–118 (1981–1982) and Marvel Team-Up Annual #3–4 (1980–1981). As the artist of Super-Villain Team-Up, Trimpe co-created the Shroud with writer Steve Englehart. Captain Britain was introduced by Chris Claremont and Trimpe in an ongoing series published by Marvel UK. In 1976, Trimpe was one of the inkers of Captain America's Bicentennial Battles, an oversized treasury-format one-shot written and penciled by Jack Kirby. Trimpe drew Marvel Treasury Edition #25 (1980) "Spider-Man vs. the Hulk at the Winter Olympics" which featured a story set at the 1980 Winter Olympics by writers Mark Gruenwald, Steven Grant, and Bill Mantlo. Jack Kirby's Machine Man character was revived in a 1984 limited series drawn by Trimpe.

In the late 1970s and 1980s, Trimpe's Marvel work included licensed movie and TV franchises. He drew all but issues #4–5 of the 24-issue Godzilla (Aug. 1977 – July 1979); drew all but one of the 20-issue Shogun Warriors; six issues of The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones (also writing the last two); G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero #1 (July 1982) and eight other issues, three of which he also wrote or co-wrote; nearly the entire run of the 28-issue spin-off G.I. Joe Special Missions (1986–1989); three of the four-issue miniseries G.I. Joe: The Order of Battle (1986–1987); and three issues of The Transformers.

Trimpe, in a 1997 interview, described his Marvel arrangement: "I was a quota artist, which was non-contractual but [I] received a salary. I got a regular two-week check, and anything I did over quota I could voucher for as freelance income. I also had the extras, the company benefits. It was like a regular job, but I worked at home. It was a good deal."

1990s–2015
When Marvel went bankrupt in the mid-1990s, Trimpe attended Empire State College, Hudson Valley Center, graduating with a bachelor's degree in Arts in 1997. He went on to a master's degree program at SUNY New Paltz. Beginning September 8, 1999, he taught art for two years at Eldred Central School in Sullivan County, New York.

He lost his staff position in the mid-1990s when Marvel downsized, but he continued to freelance for the publisher. In 2000, he wrote an article for The New York Times about ageism in comics.

Trimpe penciled BPRD: The War on Frogs (Aug. 2008) for Dark Horse Comics, and returned to his signature character by drawing the eight-page story "The Death and Life of the Abomination" in Marvel's King-Size Hulk #1 (July 2008). In December 2009, Trimpe, a Bugatti airplane enthusiast and member of the Bugatti Aircraft Association, published the eight-page comic book Firehawks, in which the Bugatti 100P plays a major role. This was followed by a second Firehawks comic, the 24-page Firehawks 2: Breath of the Dragon.

Trimpe's last convention appearance was at the April 2015 East Coast Comiccon in Secaucus, New Jersey.

Personal life
Sometime between 1969 and 1971, Trimpe was divorced from his first wife. In late 1972, Trimpe married Marvel Comics editorial assistant and writer Linda Fite, with whom he had three children. He later was married to Patricia, who survived him after his death. Trimpe's son, Alexander Spurlock "Alex" Trimpe, who co-pencilled RoboCop #11 (Jan. 1991), The Mighty Thor Annual #16 (1991), and Fantastic Four Unlimited #3 (Sept. 1993) with his father, is a member of the band The Chief Smiles. Trimpe's daughters Amelia Fite Trimpe and Sarah Trimpe were also in that band. At some point, Trimpe lived in Kerhonkson, New York, and afterward Hurley, New York.

Trimpe was ordained a deacon in the Episcopal Diocese of New York on May 30, 1992.

Trimpe died on April 13, 2015, aged 75.

Awards

 * Nomination, Shazam Award for Best Inker (Humor Division), 1973
 * Won the 2002 "The Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award for his work as a chaplain at the World Trade Center site following the September 11 attacks.
 * Inkpot Award, 2002

Big Apple Productions

 * Big Apple Comix #1 (1975)

Dark Horse Comics

 * B.P.R.D.: War on Frogs #1 (2008)

Dell Comics

 * Four Color #1213 (Mysterious Island) (inker) (1962)

IDW Publishing

 * G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero Annual 2012 (2012)
 * Hundred Penny Press: G.I. Joe: Real American Hero #1 (2011)

Image Comics

 * Savage Dragon #200 (backup story) (2014)

Marvel Comics

 * Amazing Adventures #20–24, 33 (Killraven) (1973–1975)
 * The Amazing Spider-Man: Double Trouble (promo) (1993)
 * Astonishing Tales #7–8 (Ka-Zar) (1971)
 * The Avengers #333, Annual #6, 19, 21 (1976, 1991–1992)
 * Avengers West Coast #75, 83 (1991–1992)
 * Bizarre Adventures #31 (1982)
 * Captain America #184, 291 (1975, 1984)
 * Captain Britain #1–23 (Marvel UK) (1976–1977)
 * Chamber of Darkness #2 (inker) (1969)
 * Creatures on the Loose #11 (1971)
 * Deadly Hands of Kung Fu Annual #1 (1974)
 * Defenders #68–81 (1979–1980)
 * The Draft #1 (1988)
 * Fantastic Four Annual #25–26 (1992–1993)
 * Fantastic Four Unlimited #1–7, 9–12 (1993–1995)
 * Further Adventures of Indiana Jones #15–18, 23–24 (1984)
 * G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero #1, 3–4, 6–8, 50, 99, 119 (1982–1991)
 * G.I. Joe and the Transformers #1–4 (1986–1987)
 * G.I. Joe: Special Missions #1–21, 23–26, 28 (1986–1989)
 * G.I. Joe Yearbook #4 (1988)
 * Ghost Rider #7 (inker) (1967)
 * Ghost Rider vol. 2 #60 (1981)
 * Godzilla #1–3, 6–24 (1977–1979)
 * Guardians of the Galaxy #28, Annual #2 (1992)
 * Heroes for Hope Starring the X-Men #1 (1985)
 * Hulk: Broken Worlds #1 (2009)
 * The Incredible Hulk #106–142, 145–193, 204, 355, 393, Annual #6, 12, 16 (1968–1992)
 * Iron Man #39, 82–85, 93–94, 113, 199, 246, 251–252, 255 (1971–1990)
 * Kid Colt Outlaw #134–135, 138–139 (1967–1968)
 * Kingsize Hulk #1 (2008)
 * Machine Man #1–3 (1984)
 * Marvel Comics Presents #45 (1990)
 * Marvel Feature #4–6 (Ant Man) (1972)
 * Marvel Preview #13 ("The UFO Connection") (1978)
 * Marvel Spotlight #12–13 (Son of Satan) (1973–1974)
 * Marvel Super-Heroes #16 (Phantom Eagle) (1968)
 * Marvel Super-Heroes #9 (the Avengers) (inker) (1992)
 * Marvel Tales #131–133 (1981)
 * Marvel Team-Up #106–118, Annual #3–4 (1981–1982)
 * Marvel Treasury Edition #25 (Spider-Man and the Hulk) (1980)
 * Marvel Treasury Special: Captain America's Bicentennial Battles (co-inker) (1976)
 * Marvel Two-in-One #9, 14 (1975–1976)
 * The 'Nam #49–51, 75 (1990–1992)
 * NFL SuperPro #8–9 (1992)
 * Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. #8, 13–15 (1969)
 * Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. vol. 2 #16–19 (1990–1991)
 * Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe #6, 9, 14 (1983–1984)
 * Outlaw Kid #2 (1970)
 * Planet of the Apes #21, 26–28 (1976–1977)
 * The Rampaging Hulk #8 (1978)
 * Rawhide Kid #60, 62, 64, 67 (inker) (1967–1968)
 * Rawhide Kid #1–4 (1985)
 * Robocop #11 (1991)
 * Robotix #1 (writer/artist) (1986)
 * Savage Tales vol. 2 #1–4 (writer/artist) (1985–1986)
 * Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos #92 (1971)
 * Shogun Warriors #1–14, 16–20 (1979–1980)
 * Silver Surfer #18 (inker) (1970)
 * The Spectacular Spider-Man #97–99 (1984–1985)
 * Spitfire and the Troubleshooters #1–2, 5 (1986–1987)
 * Spoof #3, 5 (inker) (1973)
 * Star Wars #17 (1978)
 * Starblast #1–2 (1994)
 * Strange Tales #157–160 (Doctor Strange) (inker) (1967)
 * Super-Villain Team-Up #4–7 (1976)
 * Tales to Astonish #94–98 (the Hulk) (inker) (1967)
 * Thor #329, 336, 410, 415, 426, 431, Annual #15–16 (1983–1991)
 * Transformers #11–12, 20 (1985–1986)
 * Two-Gun Kid #89 (1967)
 * U.S. 1 #1–2 (1983)
 * War is Hell #13, 15 (1975)
 * What If...? #2, 14, 23, 26 (1977–1981)
 * X-Men #42 (inker); Annual #16 (1968, 1992)

Western Publishing

 * Boris Karloff Thriller #2 (inker) (1963)
 * "Fantastic Four in 'The House Of Horrors'" (artist) (1968)

Trading cards

 * Dinosaurs Attack (Penciller) (Topps, 1988)

title: Herb Trimpe


text:
Gerald N. Lund

Gerald Niels Lund (born September 12, 1939) was a general authority of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 2002 to 2008. Lund was released as a general authority and member of the church's Second Quorum of the Seventy on October 4, 2008.

Lund is also a popular LDS fiction writer, having written The Work and the Glory series as well as the Kingdom and the Crown series, among other books. He has also written several theological non-fiction works for Latter-Day Saints, including, Hearing the Voice of the Lord: Principles and Patterns of Personal Revelation (2008) and The Coming of the Lord (reprint 2005). Lund and his wife, Lynn, are the parents of seven children. Lund has also written poems that his wife has set to music.

Before becoming a general authority, he worked in the LDS Church Educational System. He served in the church as a stake president, bishop and branch president at the Missionary Training Center (MTC) in Provo, Utah. Among other assignments during his tenure as a general authority, he lived in Solihull, England for 3 years while serving in an area presidency.

Books

 * Novels

 * Non-fiction

Filmography

 * The Work and the Glory (2004)...Writer (based on novel The Pillar of Light)
 * The Work and the Glory II: American Zion (2005)...Writer (based on novel Like A Fire is Burning)
 * The Work and the Glory III: A House Divided (2006)... Writer (based on novel Truth Will Prevail)

title: Gerald N. Lund


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Genki Japanese and Culture School

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete (block-compress error). – ABCD 17:50, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

Genki Japanese and Culture School
Seems to be advertisement for a language school and therefore doesn't belong in wikipedia. Ben talk contr 10:37, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete As it currently stands it certianly ins't encylopaedic. I have no doubt that there will be a flury of activity to fill this article with trivia, though. Thryduulf 23:48, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Obvious advert for a private business in a provincial Japanese city. --Calton | Talk 23:57, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete spam on sight. —Korath (Talk) 23:58, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete An advert for a school which offers, wait, calligraphy and flower arranging. Wow! Because that makes it interesting. The JPS 00:18, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, advert. Megan1967 01:28, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Abstain for now— waiting to see if it can be filled with trivia. —RaD Man (talk) 03:04, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable/advertising.  Noisy | Talk 11:00, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable, adcruft. There is NO point waiting to see it fill with trivia, they'd just be wasting our bandwith with their vain fluff... Master Thief Garrett 02:57, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Notability not established. Indrian 19:10, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Trivia != encyclopedic. Delete. Radiant_* 10:27, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * keep this because it is notable and informational Yuckfoo 00:45, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable advert. ugen 64 21:36, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Plenty of room for growth. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 18:52, 4 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. As a school, it is inherantly notable --Zantastik 19:08, 4 May 2005 (UTC)
 * "inherently notable"?!? I hate it how you school-keepers say that. In that case, I can add Cabri primary school which had an all-time high classroom attendance of 23? I am completely serious, that school does actually exist. But is it inherently noteable? Heck no. Is this? Probably not either. You see my point, where do we draw the line? Master Thief Garrett 23:03, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Reggie Rock Bythewood

Reggie Rock Bythewood (born July 7, 1965) is an American filmmaker and actor. He is known for directing the film Dancing in September (2000) and creating the television series Shots Fired and Swagger.

Life and career
Bythewood grew up in The Bronx, New York City. He loved going to the movies and to Yankees games with his father. However, his main love was boxing. When his parents split up, his mother forbade him to pursue the sport. He was not allowed to go to the neighborhood boxing gym anymore because she thought it was too dangerous. During this time, hip hop was considered a fad outside of New York. However, in the Bronx, it was an emerging art form. Bythewood was consumed by the movement. He was a rapper in a neighborhood hip hop crew. During assemblies in junior high school, he and other school mates were allowed to get on stage and break dance. After junior high, Bythewood's main focus became acting. He went to the High School of Performing Arts as a drama major. However, the school did not allow students to work as professional actors. During his senior year, Bythewood was cast in the soap opera Another World, he left Performing Arts and attended Quintanos School for the Young Professionals. While on the set he acted with Morgan Freeman, Joe Morton, Kyra Sedgwick and many others.

After high school, Bythewood acted in a John Sayles film The Brother from Another Planet. Sayles inspired Bythewood to write and direct and he shifted his focus away from acting. He graduated from Marymount Manhattan College with a BFA in theater. He co-founded a New York City based theater company called The Tribe which performed plays written and directed by Bythewood. The aim of the theater company was to entertain while raising consciousness. Several activists attended Bythewood's plays including Black Panther Jamal Joseph who became one of his best friends.

In 1990, he was offered a role in the soap opera One Life To Live. However, he turned down the offer and moved to Los Angeles to pursue a career in screenwriting. He became one of the first members of Walt Disney's prestigious Writers Fellowship Program. From there, he was hired as a writer on the hit NBC comedy series A Different World where he met his future wife, Gina Prince-Bythewood. He went on to write and produce Dick Wolf's drama series New York Undercover. He also did production rewrites for action films produced by Joel Silver. After attending the Million Man March, he wrote the screenplay for Spike Lee's indie film Get on the Bus. Bythewood was also one of the film's investors. With the 2007 Writer's Strike looming, Bythewood was hired to do the rewrite for Notorious. He completed several drafts and the film was green lit. When the strike ended, Bythewood went back to the project to do more revisions and stayed on until the film wrapped. He was given written by credit along with the film's initial writer, Cheo Hodari Coker.

Bythewood made his feature film directorial debut on the acclaimed indie flick Dancing in September which screened at the Sundance Film Festival. It was acquired by HBO and became an HBO original movie. He also directed Biker Boyz, the documentary "Daddy's Girl" (starring Laila Ali), the ESPN 30 for 30 documentary "One Night in Vegas", and Gun Hill the two-hour pilot which he won the 2014 NAACP Image Award for. In 2017, he co-created the ten-hour event series Shots Fired with Gina Prince-Bythewood and directed the season one finale starring Sanaa Lathan, Richard Dreyfuss, Helen Hunt, and Stephan James.

Bythewood was chairman of the B-Dads organization. Along with other fathers, he fed homeless families in Los Angeles, California, raised thousands of dollars for the Sickle Cell Disease Foundation and conducted workshops on fatherhood. He has also spoken on various panels regarding police reform such as the annual convention for NOBLE (National Organization of Black Law Enforcement).

Personal life
Bythewood resides in Southern California with his wife, filmmaker Gina Prince-Bythewood, and their two sons. The two met on the set of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air before both being hired on A Different World and married in 1998.

Acting credits Film

 * Fight for Your Life (1977)
 * The Brother from Another Planet (1984)
 * Exterminator 2 (1984)
 * The Beat (1988)
 * Vampire's Kiss (1989)

Acting credits TV

 * Another World (1982–1983)

title: Reggie Rock Bythewood


text: Category:Internet suites

title: Category:Internet suites


text:
Rogue Community College

Rogue Community College (RCC) is a public community college with campuses in both Jackson County and Josephine County, falling roughly in the geographic region known as the Rogue Valley in Southern Oregon.

History
RCC was established in November 1970 by vote of the electorate of Josephine County. On May 21, 1996, voters in Jackson and Josephine counties approved expansion of Rogue's boundaries to include all of Jackson County, for the purpose of providing a wider range of educational programs, job-training opportunities, and greater college access for students throughout the Rogue Valley.

The campus originally was constructed in the late 1960s as a federal training facility known as the Fort Vannoy Job Corps Training Center. The campus of wood-framed buildings was remodeled in 1989, along with several more recently constructed buildings providing additional classrooms and modern laboratory space.

Dr. Cathy Kemper-Pelle became the institution's sixth president on July 1, 2016.

Academics
RCC offers the Associate of Science degree and certificates. Additionally, RCC has several cooperative programs with nearby Southern Oregon University, located in Ashland, Oregon.

The college is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities. Courses and programs are approved by the Oregon Department of Education. Professional associations have accredited those professional-technical programs which require approval. RCC is approved as a veterans training institution by the Veterans Administration.

The college is a member of the American Association of Community Colleges, the Association of Community College Trustees, and the Oregon Community College Association.

Campuses
RCC has campuses in the cities of Grants Pass, Oregon, Medford, Oregon, and White City, Oregon. The campus located in Grants Pass is known as the Redwood Campus, the campus located in Medford is known as the Riverside Campus, and the campus located in White City is known as the Table Rock Campus.

The Redwood Campus is located 5 mi west of the city of Grants Pass on an 80 acre wooded site just off the Redwood Highway.

The Riverside Campus is located in downtown Medford, at ninth, Bartlett, and Riverside streets. The three-building complex houses classrooms, labs, Student and Community Services and library services. There are two additional facilities nearby: The Fir Street Learning Center at 30 S. First Street, and the D Building, located at 313 E. Eighth Street.

The Table Rock Campus opened to students Fall term 2005. It is located at 7800 Pacific Avenue, White City. Classes that had formerly been offered at the VA Domiciliary in White City are now available at the Table Rock Campus. An additional facility adjacent to the Table Rock Campus, the High Technology Center, which opened in September 2018, houses the Welding, Manufacturing and Mechatronics programs.

As a public institution, RCC collects funds from property taxes, the state of Oregon, any relevant grants or levies, as well as tuition.

Athletics
RCC started its athletic programs in 2013 with men's and women's soccer. The team name is called the "Ospreys". They were not a member of the Northwest Athletic Conference. However, in November 2014, the RCC board of trustees officially approved intercollegiate athletics at the institution (joining NWAC) starting initially with men's and women's soccer and cross country. It discontinued its cross country and long-distance track programs in 2017 and added a women's volleyball team in 2019.

title: Rogue Community College


text:
Talk:Bolt action

Major bolt action systems
I've added a section on the three major bolt systems- Mauser, Lee-Enfield, and Mosin-Nagant. I'll try and research them a bit more (and hopefully get some photos from somewhere) over the next week or so. --Commander Zulu 11:42, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

 * It should be noted that there are other bolt systems that are independent of any of those. For example, the Schmidt-Rubin action differs vastly from all three. — Red XIV (talk) 05:32, 21 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't know much about the Schmidt-Rubin system, but feel free to add a section- it certainly seems to merit inclusion!--Commander Zulu 12:08, 21 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Some of it needs to be rewritten, like the mauser part, it seems very incoherent as to what exactly makes it a seperate system (i'm more familiar with m98's, and dont have much knowledge of mosins at all), is it cam assisted cocking, or forward locking lugs, or just the full length claw extractors, etc... Also the m98's strength doesn't come from the third lug, that's a safety lug which actually doesn't (or shouldn't) engage on its abutment. Its there in case the forward lugs break so that the bolt doesn't fly back into the shooters brain. The strength of the action comes from a number of things, mostly the significant amount of material on the forward reciever ring reinforcing everything.Sd4f (talk) 03:11, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

Rather than subdivide with K-31 and other designs, just put "split bridge"- that covers all the Schlegelmilch designs, like the Mosin, Commission of 1888 rifle, Mauser-Verguiero, Carcano, Mannlicher-Schonauer, and more. --Vaarok 1:23, 03 February 2008 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.194.189.149 (talk)

 * There's also the Ross, which was a straight-pull. Trekphiler (talk) 22:29, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

question
The XM26 Lightweight Shotgun System (LSS) is the most advanced and recent example, which may hold the distinction of being the first bolt-action shotgun to be used in military service.-taken from the artical

is it realy bolt action its more pumpaction, and if it pump theres been plenty of others

No it is in fact a bolt-action shotgun. Bolt action is literally working the bolt, while pump works several parts which open the receiver.--LWF 17:15, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

The British and the Indians were using .410ga bolt-action Ishapore shotguns back in the late '40s, so the XM-26 isn't the first bolt-action shotgun in military service; I've removed the incorrect statement from the article. --Commander Zulu 03:45, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

Headspace
The "Headspace" section of this article seems out of place -- both in that it is the first item discussed (while an important safety issue for surplus rifles, it's not necessarily a key concept in the discussion of bolt action) and that it is inserted as the hierarchical parent of the "Loading" and "Benefits and Drawbacks," which doesn't make sense. Any thoughts on re-arranging, such as moving the headspace note farther down, and promoting Loading and Benefits and Drawbacks to higher heading levels? - Racingmars (talk) 22:00, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree. The ordering of some of the sections should be moved around. I would suggest the history section follows the introduction, as most articles of any kind normally do. Then I think a new section be made to include the Loading and Benefits and Drawbacks parts, with the possible heading of Use of bolt action or General use or something. Then would come the major systems section, hybrids, and references(article needs refs). Just some ideas.

 * I also think more mention should be made for the Schmidt-Rubin system, perhaps after the bit on Mosins, and the history section expanded, like including when each major system began and ended vast use. If needed, I have examples and pics of all three major systems, and of the Rubins, and even a short video of a K31 being operated. Kresock (talk) 02:59, 31 December 2007 (UTC)

Unlocked & unloaded
Can other bolt-actions than the Krag be fitted for gate loading, or is it a unique feature? Trekphiler (talk) 00:23, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

Straight-pull bolt actions
I noticed that several pages (eg. the K31 article) that refer to straight-pull bolt actions link to "bolt action", although this article only briefly mentions them in the "Other variants" and "Operating the bolt" sections without a proper definition.

Should there be

- a new article about straight-pull bolt actions linking here?

- a new section outlining different categories before explaining the standard systems like Mauser, Enfield etc?

- no change, because of the comparatively small number of straight-pull bolt actions?

--84.160.221.24 (talk) 16:06, 13 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I'd say "No change", because the total number of notable straight pull rifles can be counted on one hand, and of those, only the Ross Rifle, the Steyr-Mannlicher M1895 and the K31 saw anything approaching widespread use.--Commander Zulu (talk) 12:17, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

Is there a reason that no mention is made of Fortner biathlon rifles in this article? Based on a short google search, it appears that Fortner is widely used by professional biathlon competitors, and is therefore a notable straight-pull design. See, for example,. Marvin KS (talk) 17:01, 10 February 2014 (UTC)

it is virtually impossible for a bolt action firearm to jam.
I think this statement needs citation, and I am also inclined to think it is incorrect to a certain degree. I have fired many bolt actions that have jammed for various reasons, many because of a failure to eject for one reson or another, then closing the bolt on a new round when the spent one is still in the chamber. Also with single round bolt action rifles ( the ones that you have to put a new round in each time you fire it) can jam easily if the new round is not put in properly.

 * The entire page needs citing and references, hence the "unreferenced" tag on it. As for jamming my K31's have never jammed, but my Enfield No. 4's, k98K's, and Mosin's have occasionally failed to extract the spent round, so I know it is not true to say "it is virtually impossible for a bolt action firearm to jam" but adding it is original research, which is prohibited on Wikipedia. Kresock (talk) 02:22, 23 June 2008 (UTC)

 * That's false.Digitallymade (talk) 11:40, 3 March 2017 (UTC)

Feel the power
It's been removed, but everything I've ever read (by no means exhaustive) says bolt actions use more powerful rounds, which I think is what the original edit was meant to convey. Votes to revert? TREKphiler 05:59, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

cock on opening rate of fire
How is cock on opening slower than cock on closing? Seems unlogic to me. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.233.224.118 (talk) 20:04, 8 October 2008 (UTC)

 * I think all mentions of rate of fire in relation to bolt actions should be removed. The rate of fire in a bolt action is completely determined by the person firing the rifle, not the action design. The relative rate of fire is a matter of opinion so it shouldn't be in the wiki. Bottomline is there is no substantiation let alone an explanation for it. Just saying the cam-assisted cocking has force on the uplift of the bolt is silly because the cock-on-closing designs have the full mainspring weight on the closing motion of the bolt. Sd4f (talk) 12:52, 19 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Cock-on-closing actions cycle faster than cock-on-opening actions; anyone who's fired a Lee-Enfield can attest to this. Other factors include whether the rifle has a straight bolt (Gew 98, M91/30, M96) or a bent bolt (Lee-Enfield, M1903, K98), the calibre of the rifle, and the skill of the shooter; but regardless of that CoC actions are noticeably faster than CoO actions.Commander Zulu (talk) 14:18, 19 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I have both types of rifles, number 4's and m98's some sporterised, others in military form. I don't see any noticeable difference. I just think that a lot of this "rate of fire" is propaganda sent out by the brits to basically make their soldiers think they had a comparable rifle when in reality it was a somewhat crude, old and weak (if it was so brilliant why did they develop the p14?). The brits made up other things at the time as well like that their pilots ate lots of carrots to hide the fact that they had radar. Sd4f (talk) 02:55, 20 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Our experiences clearly differ, as every Lee-Enfield I've ever fired has been noticeably faster on the reload than a K98 or M91/30. As for the Lee-Enfield being "crude, old, and weak"... are we talking about the same rifle? Commander Zulu (talk) 03:09, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

Incorrect statement about Mosin action
In the Mosin action section of the article, the author states that the Mosin action is not used in any commercial rifle. This is highly inaccurate. Sako sells at least a dozen different models that all use the Mosin action or a modified form of the Mosin action.

Also, a quick question about the history section. If the Mosin uses an internal box mag, how was the Mauser G93 the first to employ it? If I remember my history correctly, 1891 came before 1893. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.194.139.10 (talk) 04:40, 29 March 2009 (UTC)

The Mosin's internal magazine is not a box, it's a vertical stack. The result is that the Mosin's magazine protrudes from the stock, while the Mauser magazine is entirely contained within the stock, for the same number of cartridges. 198.49.81.49 (talk) 17:19, 29 September 2009 (UTC)

Oh my.
"One well known example is that bolt action rifles designed for the .223 Remington can usually safely fire the more powerful 5.56x45mm NATO, while auto-loaders might malfunction." The only compatibility issue between .223 and 5.56x45 is higher chamber pressures. It is entirely a matter of the chamber/locking lugs' structural strength. Method of operation is next to irrelevant. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Gekigasky (talk • contribs) 09:15, 13 March 2010 (UTC)

Contradiction regarding magnum rounds
The section on the Mauser system states:

"The Mauser system is stronger than that of the Lee-Enfield because of the third locking lug present at the rear of the bolt, and with its two locking lugs just behind the bolt head is able to better handle higher pressure cartridges (ie "Magnum" calibre centrefire rifle cartridges), while the Lee-Enfield or Mosin-Nagant actions require some strengthening to do the same task."

The section on the Lee-Enfield system states:

"This type bolt can be used on modern magnum rounds and is found in several bolt-action .50 BMG rifles today."

The section on the Mosin-Nagant system states:

"Like the Lee-Enfield bolt system, the Mosin-Nagant system can be suitable for use with modern "Magnum" calibre centrefire rifle cartridges (the BOHICA Arms .50 BMG being one)"

All three state that they are suitable for use with magnum or .50 caliber rounds. They also seem to imply that either the Mauser is the only one that ordinarily can or that the Mauser is the only one that cannot handle these powerful rounds. Which is it? Axeman (talk) 00:16, 2 May 2010 (UTC)

Springfield Clarification
I added the "clarification needed" template to the history section. It says the US supplanted the Greene Rifle with the Springfield; there are almost 2 dozen different types of rifles called "Springfield". Which one was it? Jmfriesen (talk) 04:08, 4 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Given that AFAIK they only ever had one bolt-action Springfield standard-issue, I'm going to guess it's the M1903. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.92.226.127 (talk) 03:45, 31 July 2010 (UTC)

About the rate of fire
I remember reading that in WW1 British soldiers would use a certain technique to fire their Lee-Enfields faster by holding the bolt with their index finger and thumb and using their middle fingers to fire, resulting in up to 60 RPM (details here). Can anybody find a better source for this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.92.226.127 (talk) 03:42, 31 July 2010 (UTC)

Funny, but needed correction
"The first bolt-action rifle was produced in 1824 by Barack Obama, (...)" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 187.107.12.148 (talk) 17:19, 14 February 2011 (UTC)

Mismatched bolts
Added to Safety and Headspace section. A minor disadvantage of bolt action designs but a growing problem with some serious consequences.(SM527RR (talk) 00:10, 12 February 2012 (UTC))

The Difference of "Cock on Open" vs. "Cock on Close" Actions
This would help. The Difference of "Cock on Open" vs. "Cock on Close" Actions. Komitsuki (talk) 10:21, 8 June 2014 (UTC)

First bolt-action
The page on Nikolaus Von Dreyse states his gun wasn't the first 'true' bolt-action, so, what was?SQMeaner (talk) 13:33, 2 March 2015 (UTC)

Requested move 27 January 2017

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: nomination withdrawn. Fixing improper closure by. (non-admin closure) JudgeRM   (talk to me)  03:34, 31 January 2017 (UTC)

Bolt action → Bolt-action – "Bolt-action", with a hyphen, is the correct form. RadiculousJ (talk) 14:04, 27 January 2017 (UTC)
 * This is a contested technical request (permalink). Anthony Appleyard (talk) 15:48, 27 January 2017 (UTC)

 * I had the impression that the action considered alone is called a "bolt action", and that it acquires a hyphen when it becomes part of a longer compound such as "bolt-action shotgun" or "bolt-action rifle". Anthony Appleyard (talk) 15:48, 27 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose Basic grammar. The adjectival forms are hyphenated, not the noun. "Bolt-action rifles have a bolt action." Andy Dingley (talk) 16:15, 27 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose - agree with Andy. Also, note one of the sources: Bolt Action Rifles. Felsic2 (talk) 17:05, 27 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose - Grammar rules. Miguel Escopeta (talk) 17:59, 27 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose the title is a noun not an adjective. Speedy close please someone In ictu oculi (talk) 18:55, 27 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose and comment - Thank you all. As such, I assume break-action needs to be moved. Thanks again, RadiculousJ (talk) 01:39, 28 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Can this move request and the one over at pump action's talk page be closed, please? Thanks, RadiculousJ (talk) 02:15, 29 January 2017 (UTC)

- Unanimous conclusion that the non-adjective form should not have a hyphen. -- Fuzheado | Talk 02:15, 31 January 2017 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Lacking adequate sources since October 2009
This is a big article of "top importance" to the Firearms Wikiproject, yet it has only three very meagre citations. If any of this article is of genuine importance, editors should bring it into compliance with Wikipedia standards. Unsourced material may be removed at any time, esecially since it's been tagged as being inadequately sourced for so many years. Felsic2 (talk) 21:52, 28 January 2017 (UTC)

Suggesting merge into Action (firearms)
Suggesting merge into Action (firearms). This article is redundantDigitallymade (talk) 11:41, 3 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Strong oppose Sub articles are not redundant, simply because they fall within the scope of another article. Bolt actions are a very large topic (within an even larger topic) and can obviously support their own article: and even sub-articles within this, on their own important sub-types. Andy Dingley (talk) 11:49, 3 March 2017 (UTC)

Bolt Action (tabletop wargame)
There also is a tabletop figure wargame with the same title, that seems pretty popular, but I guess someone first needs to create an article. 惑乱 Wakuran (talk) 21:26, 15 October 2017 (UTC)

Repeater?
The very first phrase in the article, "Bolt action is a type of repeater firearm action where...", is erroneous. Bolt action firearms are not necessarily repeaters. Even the article says as much in the first sentence of the "Loading" section where the existence of bolt action firearms without magazines is noted. I'm going to remove the word "repeater" from first sentence.Benenglish (talk) 19:31, 30 April 2018 (UTC)

Requested move 7 October 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) Jerium (talk) 15:26, 14 October 2023 (UTC)

Bolt action → Bolt-action – Bolt action or Bolt-action? Eurohunter (talk) 13:16, 7 October 2023 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Oppose move. Nothing's changed since the last request.  O.N.R.  (talk) 14:08, 7 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose. "Bolt-action rifle", yes, but just "bolt action" for the mechanism discussed in isolation. Tevildo (talk) 16:33, 7 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose per Tevildo and consistency with pump action and lever action. Mdewman6 (talk) 20:47, 7 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose per MOS:HYPHEN. Rreagan007 (talk) 19:43, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose "bolt-action" is an adjective. "bolt action" is the noun. -- 65.92.244.127 (talk) 10:23, 12 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bolt action


text:
Sachsenhausen (Oranienburg)

Sachsenhausen is a district on the Havel River in the north of the town Oranienburg, 35 kilometres north of Berlin in Germany. it had a population of 2,735. The district's name means 'Houses of the Saxons'.

The area became notorious for the nearby site of the Nazi concentration camp - also called  Sachsenhausen - which operated from 1936 to 1945.

For five years after World War II the Soviets used the facility as  Special Camp No. 7 (later Soviet Special Camp No. 1).

title: Sachsenhausen (Oranienburg)


text:
Talk:The Reality Dysfunction

Untitled
I have almost completely re-written the original article. Previously it was a group of separate sections describing an individual aspect of the book. Instead I've written an intro blurb and a rough summary of the plot, since this seems to be the norm for this type of article.

"The paperback version was broken into two parts, Emergence, and Expansion." - I believe this is only in the USA, the rest of the world has it one large paperback, as do the other two books in the trilogy.

A good basis for the article, but with plenty of scope for expansion. I'm already busy on the George RR Martin and Steven Erikson pages, but I'll try to get around to expanding this and the other PFH pages with the inclusion of infoboxes and so forth. A few notes on the existing information: the Night's Dawn Universe is only the setting for the trilogy and the two companion volumes, the Second Chance at Eden anthology and the Confederation Handbook guidebook. His other seven books and his next three are all set outside of the Night's Dawn Universe. The paperbacks of the novels are only split in multiple volumes outside the UK (the original country of publication); in the UK you can get the three books are one-volume mass-market paperbacks. Some of the information is a bit POV, such as the higher levels of sex and violence than in other SF books. I've certainly read books with far more that NDT. Otherwise, some good information there.--Werthead 12:21, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I see someone's added a lot of interesting 'trivia' to the summary, which whilst intriguing extends the length of the summary, and a lot of this info is irrelevant in the larger scheme of things (we don't need to know the name of the pirate ship that killed Syrinx's brother, merely that the death of her brother at Adamist hands informs Syrinx's attitude to Adamists). When I have time I'll go back and re-edit the entry. There's also a glaring error. The combined Earth-O'Neill Halo population is less than 40 billion: 38-39 billion on Earth and another 430 million in the Halo (as per the Confederation Handbook). Not sure where the editor got the idea that there are 8 billion people in the Halo.--Werthead (talk) 21:12, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

forum?
What does it mean to say that the Confederation is a "forum" ? Jakob37 (talk) 09:18, 28 September 2009 (UTC)

needs trimming
e.g. : "many people on Earth dream of escaping to virgin worlds with open skies above their heads." How about: "many people dream of escaping to virgin worlds with open skies." (you just mentioned that it's Earth we're talking about, so no need for "people on Earth".Jakob37 (talk) 09:25, 28 September 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Reality Dysfunction