text:
Talk:Easy Rider

POV detected!
The plot section states: "with two woman SEEMING to...". This is a POV, since it's someone personal opinion instead of proven facts regarding this movie. Needs a rewritting. --Δ Mr. Nighttime Δ (talk) 17:58, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

 * LOL! That's funny! I love it when abusive editors rip apart people's work! Good job! Keeping up my faith in wikipedia (Lower case intentional)!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.58.247.77 (talk) 23:45, 8 November 2010 (UTC)

They're not drug dealers
- Wyatt and Billy scored drug money one time only in the entire movie. - There's no dialogue to assure that they're drug dealers instead of mere couriers to the "connection" (played by Phil Spector). - Character background story is not provided. - The goal of both characters was to score money in order of "to retire" in Florida. We could think on retirement from the drug dealing business OR retirement from a previous style of life not described in the movie (not drug-related). - We can't see the characters dealing with drugs along the movie for profit, instead they offer drugs for free to other characters (Hanson, played by Jack Nicholson, and the hookers). Sharing drugs was "in" with the hippie style of life they have and not necessarily have anything to do with criminal enterprise. - According to the 60's zeitgeist, they're moving away from The Man, so I decided to rewrite their occupation as "freewheeling hippies" instead of "drug dealers" as previously stated in the article. --Δ Mr. Nighttime Δ (talk) 17:30, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Changes
I added a link to my blog which has been 2 years of research and visiting movie locations in Easy Rider crossing several states. To my knowledge, it is the only of its kind to show a map, and screenshots from the movie as well as what the sites look like today. MrZip66 (talk) 14:22, 3 May 2009 (UTC)--MrZip66 (talk) 14:22, 3 May 2009 (UTC)

ok, i made some major - but obvious - changes. i integrated the trivia into a coherent (but incomplete) "production" section, as well as a section on the bikes. most of it is taken verbatim from what was in the trivia, but streamlined where necessary. all of that information is included in either the Easy Riders, Raging Bulls book, or the making-of documentary on the DVD, or both, but the citations should be put into footnotes.

i also got rid of the tracklist, since that's in the soundtrack article, and replaced it with some actual information about the soundtrack, again, from the documentary. i left the trivia that i couldn't do anything with, but it should probably be deleted - there's plenty of trivia on IMDB. overall though, i think this is a big improvement Sebs26 22:47, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

A lot deeper than it sounds. It both creates and destroys the hippie ideal, all at the same time. Taking a toke versus a bad trip on LSD leading to a death; the intolerance of the Deep South for nonconformists. "Steal This Book" by Abbie Hoffman does the same, but on paper. You've gotta see this. (The great soundtrack helps, too.)
 * I concur. This is one of the greatest films of all time. It's up there with 2001: A Space Odyssey, Blade Runner, Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope, etc. The Wookieepedian 11:34, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Spinoza1111 05:36, 15 July 2006 (UTC)Hmm, why should I have to put up with somebunny who writes "a lot deeper than it sounds" when he so obviously meant, like wow man, to write the reverse. Oh well...

Spinoza1111 05:36, 15 July 2006 (UTC)The above reverted the following passage:

Despite its "countercultural" ambience, the film had a conservative subtext. No space was given to the idea of social change within viable communities and the "commune" is a joke. Captain America and Billy buy in to the same values of power and control, in the "hippie" register, as the society and for this reason are perceived by the locals (portrayed unflatteringly by real people in a foretaste of modern "reality" shows, and their contempt for reality and the people in it) as in competition and fit for nothing but a drive-by shooting.

Women are treated as sex objects and markers of power and control, and the popularity of this film caused not a little feminist rage in reaction to male hippiedom.

Shortly after this film, and after Altamont and the Manson slayings, the very idea of the hippie became the sickest of jokes at best.

For this reason, it is not at all ironic that Dennis Hopper is today, a Republican and a supporter of President Bush.

Spinoza1111 05:36, 15 July 2006 (UTC)I want this back in. What, we're supposed to accept that this film is about two "liberal radicals" versus "conservatives"?? Bullshit.

Spinoza1111 05:36, 15 July 2006 (UTC)Captain America and Billy are fucking thugs. Even the makers of this film are laughing at people who in any way think that Captain America and Billy were heroes, or even anti-heroes. Their Amerikkka is so fucked up that they themselves are fucked up, and, as Captain America says, they blew it.

Spinoza1111 05:36, 15 July 2006 (UTC)To worship this as a great film is nonsense. It was exploitation at worst and healthily realistic at best.

 * To answer your question: The contribution you made was both commentary and extreme POV as outlined in the Wikipedia guidlines. If you dispute this, you are welcome to follow the guidlines, and officially dispute the deletion. Rsm99833 09:48, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

It seems funny that you know "so much" about actors and write about "Nicholas Cage." His name is Nicolas Cage. It's Italian. This is supposed to be accurate, for crying out loud! I changed it! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 118.68.60.129 (talk) 10:55, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

Hitchhiker character
Can someone explain how/why the hitchhiker is the leader of the commune? Perhaps this is described in some book, DVD commentary, etc. but it is not at all obvious (at least not to me) when viewing the film itself. Thanx, -- Gyrofrog (talk) 05:27, 21 February 2006 (UTC)
 * He is. He's a combo of various "communes" of the time, who were a "kinder" version (my words, not his)of Charles Manson. Overall, these guys were the "leaders" of a bunch of women. Any other guys just happened along. It's described in the DvD in more detail. Rsm99833
 * I believe Luke Askew in the "special feature" portion of the DVD/interview in 1999 indicates the no name guy is not a member of the commune, but a traveling salesmen who supplies drugs to communes. Boondocks Ranch 13:08, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Interesting theory, Boondocks Ranch, but I don't think a hippie commune have a "leader" nor a "drug supplier". Certainly there are people to provide both a leadership and a supplying of drugs to a 60's commune, but since the movie states nothing about the hitchhiker doing it, we can't take a deep dip on the subjectivity and it's better to think of him as just one more hippie from the commune and not much special character to the main plot. --Δ Mr. Nighttime Δ (talk) 17:42, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

I don't know that we can tel if he is the leader - but many hippie communes did have strong leaders. Look up the Farm or Twin Oaks, for instance, which survived. Both had leaders, despite an ideal of equality. By the way Mr. Nightime, you are as speculative as the edits you are criticizing as POV. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.43.32.160 (talk) 01:23, 4 May 2011 (UTC)

Wyatt & Billy
Isn't Hopper, Wyatt and Fonda, Billy? The article has it vice versa Boondocks Ranch 13:15, 9 January 2007 (UTC)
 * No, the article looks correct to me. Check the imdb page also. --David Edgar 11:32, 17 January 2007 (UTC)
 * The article is right. Fonda's Wyatt AKA Capt. America, Hopper is Billy. I just re-watched the film plus the documentary and I also watched with the commentary, so believe me, I'm up to my ears in Easy Rider right now, and I can safely tell you the article is right.207.127.128.2 04:13, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Nope, along the movie Dennis Hopper character states his name as Billy and Peter Fonda character as "Captain America". Hopper is Billy and Fonda is Wyatt, so. --Δ Mr. Nighttime Δ (talk) 17:44, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Misstatement
There's a howler of a slanderous misstatement in the trivia part of this article: "In the documentary, "Easy Rider: Shaking the Cage", Hopper claims he told the locals that he raped and killed a young girl outside of town in order to elicit the responses he wanted from the local men." I watched the documentary last night (it's on the DVD) and what Hopper says is, he told the local cops in the diner scene to play it AS IF Billy, Wyatt and George had raped a girl outside of town. -- EB

It's actually ambiguous the way Hopper says it. I watched the documentary recently, and what he says is that they can hurl whatever abuse they like, "cuz we just raped and murdered a girl outside of town." I assumed he meant the characters, too, but it is an ambiguous...Snyrt —Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.192.68.117 (talk) 21:11, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

 * If Hopper had said to the town sheriff that he had just raped a girl, odds are that the sheriff have arrested him in no time. I saw the documentary and I concluded, by the most obvious interpretation, that Hopper asked the sheriff to treat them AS IF they just raped a girl from outside of town. --Δ Mr. Nighttime Δ (talk) 17:50, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Film score
This article states "The score of the film was asked to be done entirely by The Band." Easy Rider Soundtrack states "... Crosby, Stills, and Nash were originally slated to do the soundtrack ..." Which is correct? Or maybe both are in some way? Neither of them appears to be referenced. --David Edgar 11:32, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

Can anyone supply citation that Dylan wrote the first verse of "Ballad of Easy Rider"? In the credits, it lists McGuinn as the author, and in the Shaking the Cage documentary, Fonda says that McGuinn wrote the lyrics while the two of them watched the last shot (rising from the wreckage); Fonda says that McGuinn asked him what the shot meant thematically, and Fonda said something about the river being "the road that God built". According to Fonda, McGuinn wrote the lyrics down right then and there. Snyrt —Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.192.68.117 (talk) 21:14, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

 * McGuinn has long stated that Dylan gave him the lyric "roll river roll". The implication being McGuinn then wrote the rest of the song. He has been insistent on Dylan's contribution and always credits Dylan whenever talking about this tune. I think I can come up with a quote and will source this when I get the opportunity.THX1136 (talk) 13:33, 2 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Johnny Rogan's book, Timeless Flight, has the following quote from McGuinn: "Dylan did write half the lyrics and I wrote the other half . . .". Rogan states that this statement by McGuinn was after an earlier interview where "McGuinn again stressed that Dylan was responsible only for composing a couple of lines". This information was taken from page 129 of the book published by Square One Books Ltd., 3rd ed., 1991, ISBN 1 872848 00 0. This section of the book is a track by track look at the Ballad of Easy Rider album. As this does not verify the authorship of the first verse I am reluctant to use it as a citation in this instance. It does support, in a general way, the statement in the article itself. Also, the footnote (31) used in the next paragraph supports the authorship question. THX1136 (talk) 01:42, 3 October 2016 (UTC)

Trivia
I just added a bit of worthless trivia that the title characters are both in Grand Theft Auto games. Therefore, this message of approval isnt necessary.

Fair use rationale for Image:Easyrider76.jpg
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misquote
Didn't the group "Dance for our dinner," rather than sing for supper?Phaedrus420 00:12, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

The line is actually something like "Play for our dinner" User:Snyrt —Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.192.68.117 (talk) 21:09, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

Inaccuracy
Though cocaine is implied, it is never stated. This was intentional. (source was an interview on NPR with Fonda, but it seems more important to have sources for the facts, not lack of) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.160.49.163 (talk) 05:00, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Never stated, also, was the possibility of both characters be just couriers instead of dealers of something that appears to be cocaine. --Δ Mr. Nighttime Δ (talk) 17:53, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

 * In the "Shaking the Cage" feature on the 30th anniversary DVD release (which I recently watched), Fonda implies that powdered sugar was used in the scene where he and Hopper partake of the drug before buying from the dealer in Mexico.THX1136 (talk) 13:18, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

Context?
After reading the article I realized that it's missing something important: cultural/historical context. It comes across as though it's written for people who are already cognizant of that context, which is undoubtedly true for some readers, but it shouldn't be assumed to be the case for everybody. It needs to have some material that lays out that context and explains how the film hooked into the zeitgeist, for readers who weren't around in the U.S. at the time it was made.

Also, I was expecting the Impact section to discuss the critical reaction at the time (not just its award noms), and especially the film's reception among the under-30 generation. There is some material that touches on that -- the lines re Steal This Book and Doonesbury -- but the meaning of Abbie Hoffman's remark is ambiguous as presented here, and in any event, there should be a full paragraph on each of these larger subjects (which would also help in terms of giving readers a sense of the cultural/historical context). Hope this has been helpful! Cgingold 19:39, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

Contradict
I marked this because it states that Rip Torn pulled a knife, then later goes on to say Torn won a lawsuit against Hopper for saying that very thing on television. 69.221.158.99 (talk) 19:14, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:EasyRider.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 07:20, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Unproduced sequel
Perhaps the article could mention the sequel that was planned, "Biker Heaven"? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Guano II (talk • contribs) 21:21, 23 December 2008 (UTC) all right!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.252.55.217 (talk) 14:50, 22 April 2009 (UTC)

Considering the Deletionists won't allow a section abt a sequal that is being released, I don't think there's any hope of you beating the anti-fact people. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.119.211.148 (talk) 20:48, 22 December 2013 (UTC)

Nicolson as writer???
The first paragraph of the article states that Jack Nicholson is one of the writers of the movie. I have never seen a reference for this anywhere before as either a credited or uncredited writer. And I don't believe he is listed in the WGA as such. Can anyone verify this? Tlatseg (talk) 07:26, 24 November 2009 (UTC)

What is "CSN"?
The article presently reads toward the bottom:

When CSN viewed a rough cut of the film, they assured Hopper that they could not do any better than he already had.

I assume "CSN" means Crosby, Stills, and Nash, but I don't know this for certain; furthermore, it isn't explained why "CSN" (whatever this means) viewed a rough cut of the film.

Perhaps someone could explain? --Skb8721 (talk) 01:28, 17 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes, it referred to Crosby, Stills & Nash. Your quote from the "Shaking the Cage" documentary is connected. After the fact, but wanted to verify for future readers.THX1136 (talk) 13:22, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

Pop Culture References: Akira
Source? Only one member of the gang pops pills and only after the government messes with him. As for the gang of bikers? Bōsōzoku Not every free spirited motorcyclist in Japan is influenced by Easy Rider. This clearly looks like someone's opinion instead of something the author said. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.129.186.228 (talk) 13:41, 24 July 2010 (UTC)

Inflation of $500 price of four motorcycles
I reverted this edit which was explained as "what is the mania with inflation adjustments? things have changed so much, these numbers are meaningless)" Indeed, things have changed. That is the point of inflation. By adjusting for inflation, you compensate for the many ways that things have changed in order to get a better idea of how much money was actually spent. I added the Inflation template to get a more accurate number.If the point is to object in principle to the concept of Inflation, well, see Fringe theories: Inflation is a widely accepted, mainstream tool for understanding change in value over time. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 16:58, 19 December 2011 (UTC)

Achieve freedom, in lede
That phrase is incredibly bad english. Greglocock (talk) 04:54, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
 * It's actually perfectly valid English. Nothing grammatically, syntactically, or semantically incorrect in that sentence. If you're trying to say you don't understand what it means, just say that. Yworo (talk) 03:51, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
 * No, I think I understand what the idea is, but the phrasing is appalling. Freedom in an absolute sense is not an achievable state compared with enlightenment or bankruptcy, for example.Greglocock (talk) 23:51, 12 March 2012 (UTC)
 * I understand that complete freedom comes with complete enlightenment, so if enlightenment is attainable then so is freedom. Another way would be to eliminate all obstacles to freedom, though that would probably require either the elimination of all other people or complete withdrawal from them. People who choose to live on the high seas come pretty close to this ideal. Yworo (talk) 23:57, 12 March 2012 (UTC)

The Trip (1967 film) is not mentioned
Please integrate it! 87.164.124.81 (talk) 21:27, 10 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Why should it be? It's a different film. Do you have sources connecting or comparing them? Yworo (talk) 23:46, 10 March 2012 (UTC)

And neither is the sequel! Why the hatred for information? The deltionists are ruining this site with their desire to have Wiki contain no information. I got to screen Easy Rider 2: The Ride Back, and it was a pretty good movie. Just because the deltionists hate it, doesn't mean it doesn't exist. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.210.225.199 (talk) 20:16, 21 December 2013 (UTC)
 * WP:SOFIXIT. If you want to integrate it, you need to find something to integrate in a quality source. It's not that hard. For example, here, is a good source which gives the opinion that the acid trip sequence in Easy Rider is derived from a similar scene in The Trip. There are other sources that discuss the two films as well: .Sitting around bitching about deletionists is no substitute for doing the work yourself. All you need is to meet Wikipedia's basic standards for any article, which means closely following what has been said by reliable sources, with no embellishment. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 20:31, 21 December 2013 (UTC)

One of the actors went on a gay bashing rant so attacking the movie by deleting all information about it is the only right thing to do in this situation. I will personally check Wikipedia every single day to make sure no mention of that movie survives. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.228.116.228 (talk) 20:39, 21 December 2013 (UTC)  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.194.62.140 (talk)
 * Since we don't lack of sources saying the movies are related, there's no valid reason to leave The Trip out of this article. Trying to expunge content from any article because of something unrelated to the article that one of the actors said is not acceptable. It is also not acceptable to ignore consensus by returning to the article to delete content you don't like. That is edit warring and it is likely to result in a block from editing. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 17:43, 22 December 2013 (UTC)

Don Quixote theme
It has a pretty clear Don Quixote theme to it. Fonda is Quixote. Hopper is Panza. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.90.230.115 (talk) 14:26, 23 March 2013 (UTC)

Motorcycles section
In the opening scene of the movie, Wyatt and Billy arrive at the La Contenta Bar riding off-road/motocross bikes. I believe these bikes should be mentioned in the Motorcycles section of the article. I, for one, would like to know what they were, which is what drew me to the article. I've been unable to determine the make/model of either bike, however.--Racwp (talk) 00:44, 8 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Fonda on red Bultaco Pursang, Hopper maybe on Norton P11 Ranger.--193.159.103.128 (talk) 12:55, 30 August 2021 (UTC)

Marijuana vs cannabis
I don't understand why we would ever want to change the reference to marijuana to say cannabis in lines like "scenes showing the use of marijuana and other substances." Marijuana is a part of the cannabis plant that is used as a recreational drug, which is specifically what is shown in this film. Calling it cannabis is like saying "violins are made out of trees" instead of saying they're made out of wood. It's just misleading to say they used cannabis. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 04:24, 3 April 2015 (UTC)

 * Agreed. The original edit to this article is part of a series of edits across a wide range of articles, changing 'marijuana' to 'cannabis' (e.g., ), and 'alcohol' to 'ethanol' (e.g. ,  and ).

 * I'm always suspicious of such campaigns, because regardless of the merit of the idea behind the changes, they so often seem to ignore how appropriate it is for individual articles. For this article, 'marijuana' seems by far the better choice of word. Willondon (talk) 06:55, 3 April 2015 (UTC)

 * Hello! Please ping me *before* you talk about me behind my back. Thanks.

 * No really though. I 100% agree that marijuana is the best word for this article. I just want to use the formal word first. Such as "cannabis (marijuana)" and then use marijuana thoughout the rest of the article. Clr324 (say hi) 07:08, 3 April 2015 (UTC)
 * What you're doing is really confusing to readers, and it misinforms them if you mean, formally, that cannabis is the whole plant. Why are you doing this? --Dennis Bratland (talk) 14:40, 3 April 2015 (UTC)

 * Marijuana is a form of cannabis extract. The kava beverage is a form of kava extract. Etc. Clr324 (say hi) 22:13, 3 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Which is what I meant about saying violins are made out of trees. It's true, they are, but it's more informative and accurate to say they're made out of wood. The drug consumed here and in most similar contexts is marijuana, not other drugs also made from cannabis, and not the stems, roots, seeds or other miscellaneous parts of the plant. I can understand if somebody wanted to casually or figuratively treat cannabis and marijuana as meaning the same thing, but that's the opposite of what you're claiming to do. If we want the most accurate word, we want marijuana. I hope you haven't done this to too many articles because it's not good. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 22:18, 3 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Going with the violin analogy, you wouldn't call violin trees but I don't think there would be a problem with calling a violin made from white willow a "white willow violin" and not "white willow extract violin". The fact is marijuana and hashish and other forms of cannabis and cannabis-based drugs are the same thing (sort of, hashish has more THC but you know what I mean)! Unless bred otherwise all cannabis products contain the same phytocannabinoids. Wait cut that, hemp contains THC just in minute amounts. Clr324 (say hi) 06:19, 4 April 2015 (UTC)

 * We're agreed then that 'marijuana' is the appropriate word in this article. Again, bulk edits across many articles often change things for the worse in some articles. "Formal" means the version of the word used when form is paid special attention. It doesn't mean the best, or most appropriate form of the word. I compare using the formal word first to arriving at the gym in a tuxedo, before changing into shorts and a T-shirt. Willondon (talk) 16:41, 3 April 2015 (UTC)

 * I try to do my best to be aware of the context of the article. Clr324 (say hi) 22:13, 3 April 2015 (UTC)

Change to reference section headings
I would like to note that the citation formatting and also the reference section style and headings are subject to WP:CITEVAR: "Editors should not attempt to change an article's established citation style merely on the grounds of personal preference, to make it match other articles, or without first seeking consensus for the change." The headings in this article have always been a level2 "Notes" and a level2 "References" section, as they are in this revision from 19 March 2016. I don't see any discussion about this started on the talk page by the involved editor, much less any new consensus, so the citations and sections should remain as they are and not be changed from the current state of the article, which is the continuation of its historical headings, to a single individual editor's "preferred" headings. That means you, User:Beyond My Ken. You know better. Skyerise (talk) 22:54, 25 March 2016 (UTC)

On the last scene in the plot section
The last part of the Plot section might have grown a little long. A shorter version could be:

The ambiguity of the last scene, and the implied motives of the rednecks -- that they meant to scare but not necessarily hit Billy with the first shot, but then returned to kill Wyatt since he was a witness -- can be fully described in an Analysis section, along with commentary on the use of a disorienting reverse cut that emphasizes the the Captain America bike crashing, but not showing the rider, and the stars and stripes fuel tank explodes. Also, the military funereal-like covering of Billy with an American flag and Wyatt's stars and stripes helmet left behind on the side of the road as he rides for help. The rising crane shot from a helicopter suggests the poiont of view of a character's spirit upon death -- see Felina (Breaking Bad), Community S1E23, etc. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 20:23, 30 October 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Easy Rider


text: User talk:69.133.25.250

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:69.133.25.250


text:
Rector Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)

The Rector Street station is a station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of Rector Street and Greenwich Street in Financial District of Manhattan, it is served by the 1 train at all times.

The station was built by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) as part of the Dual Contracts with New York City, and opened on July 1, 1918. The station's platforms were lengthened in the 1960s, and the station was renovated after being out of service for a year in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks.

Early history
The Dual Contracts, which were signed on March 19, 1913, were contracts for the construction and/or rehabilitation and operation of rapid transit lines in the City of New York. The contracts were "dual" in that they were signed between the City and two separate private companies (the Interborough Rapid Transit Company and the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company), all working together to make the construction of the Dual Contracts possible. The Dual Contracts promised the construction of several lines in Brooklyn. As part of Contract 4, the IRT agreed to build a branch of the original subway line south down Seventh Avenue, Varick Street, and West Broadway to serve the West Side of Manhattan.

The construction of this line, in conjunction with the construction of the Lexington Avenue Line, would change the operations of the IRT system. Instead of having trains go via Broadway, turning onto 42nd Street, before finally turning onto Park Avenue, there would be two trunk lines connected by the 42nd Street Shuttle. The system would be changed from looking like a "Z" system on a map to an "H" system. One trunk would run via the new Lexington Avenue Line down Park Avenue, and the other trunk would run via the new Seventh Avenue Line up Broadway. In order for the line to continue down Varick Street and West Broadway, these streets needed to be widened, and two new streets were built, the Seventh Avenue Extension and the Varick Street Extension. It was predicted that the subway extension would lead to the growth of the Lower West Side, and to neighborhoods such as Chelsea and Greenwich Village.

Rector Street opened as part of an extension of the line from 34th Street–Penn Station to South Ferry on July 1, 1918. Initially, the station was served by a shuttle running from Times Square to South Ferry. The new "H" system was implemented on August 1, 1918, joining the two halves of the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line and sending all West Side trains south from Times Square. An immediate result of the switch was the need to transfer using the 42nd Street Shuttle in order to retrace the original layout. The completion of the "H" system doubled the capacity of the IRT system.

Later years
The city government took over the IRT's operations on June 12, 1940. On August 9, 1964, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) announced the letting of a $7.6 million contract to lengthen platforms at stations from Rector Street to 34th Street–Penn Station on the line, and stations from Central Park North–110th Street to 145th Street on the Lenox Avenue Line to allow express trains to be lengthened from nine-car trains to ten-car trains, and to lengthen locals from eight-car trains to ten-car trains. With the completion of this project, the NYCTA project to lengthen IRT stations to accommodate ten-car trains would be complete.

After the September 11, 2001 attacks, the subway tunnels around Cortlandt Street collapsed, and the line was closed temporarily. About 1000 ft of tunnels and trackage, including 575 ft of totally destroyed tunnels and tracks in the vicinity of the World Trade Center site, were entirely rebuilt. The station reopened on September 15, 2002. During the intervening period, with service suspended indefinitely, the station underwent a $14 million renovation.

Due to water damage to South Ferry caused by Hurricane Sandy, all 1 trains terminated at this station from October 2012 until April 4, 2013, when the former South Ferry Loop terminal station reopened.

Station layout

This underground station has two tracks and two side platforms. The 1 train stops here at all times. The station is between WTC Cortlandt to the north and South Ferry to the south.

Each platform has mosaic trim line and name tablets of mostly green and brown. The tiles are painted light green below the "R" tablets.

Exits
This station has five fare control areas at three locations. There is no crossover between the uptown and downtown sides. On the northern end of the downtown platform, there are two High Entry/Exit Turnstiles leading to one street stair that goes up to the northwest corner of Rector and Greenwich Streets coming from two high entrance turnstiles directly on the platform. On the northern end of the uptown platform, a single staircase leads to the tiny, full-time mezzanine. It has a turnstile bank, token booth, and one street stair that leads to the north corner of Rector and Greenwich Streets. The north end of the uptown platform had an exit to the basement of 88 Greenwich Street, which opened in 1931. The exit to 88 Greenwich Street had closed by 1941.

In the middle of the downtown platform, two staircases lead up to a tiny intermediate level where a single exit-only turnstile leads to a staircase that goes up midblock on Greenwich Street between Rector and Edgar Streets.

The south end of the downtown platform has HEET turnstiles leading to a single staircase that goes up to Elizabeth H. Berger Plaza, just south of Edgar Street where Greenwich Street ends at the foot of the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel. Directly across the street from this area, there are two street stairs that lead down to two HEET turnstiles on the uptown platform. These entrances are located directly across from another entrance to the separate Rector Street station on the BMT Broadway Line.


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Yamaha YZF-R1

The Yamaha YZF-R1, or simply R1, is a 998 cc sports motorcycle made by Yamaha. It was first released in 1998, undergoing significant updates in 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2015, 2018 and 2020.

1998–1999
Yamaha launched the YZF-R1 in 1998 after redesigning the Genesis engine to create a more compact engine by raising the gearbox input shaft and allowing the gearbox output shaft to be placed beneath it. This "stacked gearbox" was followed by other manufacturers. Compacting the engine made it much shorter, allowing the wheelbase to be shortened as well and the center of gravity to be optimized. The swingarm could be made longer without compromising the overall wheelbase, which was a short 1385 mm. Four 40 mm Keihin CV carburetors fed fuel to the engine.

The R1 was also equipped with a 41 mm KYB upside-down front fork and 300 mm semi-floating disc brakes. The instrument panel was electronic, with a self-diagnosis system and digital speed readout. The exhaust used Yamaha's Exhaust Ultimate Power Valve (EXUP) system, which controlled exhaust gas flow to maximize engine power production at all revs, resulting in a high-power and high-torque engine.

The Yamaha YZF-R6 was introduced in 1999 as the 600 cc version of the R1 super bike.

The 1999 R1 saw only minor changes, apart from paint and graphics. Improvements included a redesigned gear change linkage and an increase in gear change shaft length. Fuel tank reserve capacity was reduced from 5.5 to 4.0 L, while total fuel tank capacity was unchanged at 18 L.

Motorcycle Consumer News tests of the 1998 model year YZF-R1 yielded a 0 to 60 mph time of 2.96 seconds and 0 to 100 mph of 5.93 seconds, a 0 to 1/4 mi time of 10.19 seconds at 131.40 mph, and a top speed of 168 mph, with deceleration from 60 to 0 mph of 113.9 ft. For the 1999 model year, Cycle World tests recorded a 0 to 60 mph time of 3.0 seconds, 0 to 1/4 mi time of 10.31 seconds at 139.55 mph, and a top speed of 170 mph.

2000–2001

In 2000, Yamaha introduced a series of changes to improve the R1, and minor changes to the bodywork to allow for better long-duration ride handling. Yamaha's main design goal was to sharpen the pre-existing bike and not to redesign it. The dry weight was reduced five pounds to 414 lb.

At 127.8 hp at the rear wheel, top-end output remained the same, but changes to the engine management system were intended to result in a smoother, broader distribution of power. The bodywork remained similar to that of the previous R1, although a 3% reduction in the drag coefficient was achieved. The headlight housing's profile was sharpened, the side panels were made more aerodynamic, and the windscreen was reshaped for better rider protection.

The seating area was also updated. The fuel tank was reshaped, with a more relaxed rear angle and deeper leg recesses to provide a better riding feel. The seat extended further towards the rear of the tank, and the new steeper seating position put additional weight on the front end. All of this was aimed at improving weight bias, thus offering sharper cornering and more stability.

Mechanically, the carburetors were re-jetted in an effort to improve throttle response, especially in the low end, all the way up to the bike's 11,750 rpm redline. The redesigned camshafts were lightened and used internal oil ways to lubricate journals that, when combined with reduced tappet clearance, provided less friction and created less engine noise. The gearbox received a taller first gear, a hollow chrome-moly gear change shaft with an additional bearing, and a completely redesigned shift linkage and foot pedal. These changes were aimed at eliminating problems with the transmission in earlier models, and to help seamlessly transfer the bike's power to the road.

2002–2003
A new fuel injection system was introduced for the 2002 year, which worked like a carburetor by employing a CV carburetor slide controlled by a vacuum created by the engine. With a similar power output to the 2000-2001 bike, though, the engine remained largely the same. One notable improvement was the use of new cylinder sleeves of a high silicon content alloy containing magnesium that minimized thermal distortion, reducing oil consumption. The exhaust system was changed from a 4-into-1 to a new titanium 4-into-2-into-1 design.

Also in 2002, Yamaha released the newly developed Deltabox frame, whose hydro-formed construction reduced the total number of frame welds and improved the frame's rigidity by 30%. The cooling system was redesigned for better performance and compactness. The rear end of the motorcycle was updated and streamlined with an LED taillight, allowing for cleaner rear body lines when choosing one of several common aftermarket modifications. These modifications included removal of the turn signal stalks and stock license plate bracket, and replacing them with replacements that "hugged" the body or frame. The 2002 model also saw front lighting improvements in the form of sharper headlights and the addition of side "parking" lights within the twin-headlight panel, giving a more angular appearance. This also provided additional aftermarket possibilities, such as the removal of the front turn signals and the repurposing of the parking lights as directional or hazard markers while stopped.

In 2002, Cycle World reported fuel mileage of 38 mpgus, a 0 to 60 mph time of 2.9 seconds, a 0 to 1/4 mi time of 10.32 seconds at 137.60 mph, and a top speed of 167 mph.

For 2003, the only change was the addition of hazard warning lights and low-beam headlights, which stay on when the engine is running.

2004–2005
With the competition advancing, Yamaha made some major changes to the R1. This included style updates, like an underseat dual exhaust, and performance upgrades including radial brakes, and, for the first time, a ram-air intake. Furthermore, earlier models' tendency for wheelies was reduced by changing the geometry of the frame and weight distribution. The all-new engine was no longer used as a stressed member of the chassis, and had a separate top crankcase and cylinder block. The 2004 R1 weighs 172 kg dry. The conventional front brake calipers were replaced by radially mounted calipers, activated by a radial master cylinder. A factory-installed steering damper was also added in 2004. Combined with the changes to the frame, this helped to eliminate the tendency of the handlebars to shake violently during rapid acceleration or deceleration on less-than-perfect surfaces, a phenomenon known as speed wobble or a tank slapper.

Motorcycle Consumer News tests of the 2004 model year YZF-R1S yielded a 0 to 60 mph time of 3.04 seconds and 0 to 100 mph of 5.42 seconds, a quarter-mile time of 9.90 seconds at 144.98 mph, and a top speed of 189 mph.

2006
The R1's swingarm was extended by 20 mm to reduce instability during acceleration.

That year, Yamaha also released a limited edition version, the LE, in original Yamaha racing colors to celebrate its 50th anniversary. The LE and SP models had custom Öhlins front and rear suspension units developed by the same team as the YZR-M1 MotoGP bike. Custom forged aluminum Marchesini wheels specifically designed for the LE shaved nearly a pound off the bike's unsprung weight. A back torque-limiting slipper clutch and an integrated lap timer rounded out the package, essentially making the LE a production racer. Only 500 units were made for the United States, with another 500 units for Europe.

2007–2008
An all-new YZF-R1 for the 2007 model year was announced on 8 October 2006. It had an all-new inline-four engine, going back to a more conventional four-valve-per-cylinder design rather than Yamaha's trademark five-valve Genesis layout. It also had the Yamaha Chip Control Intake (YCC-I) electronic variable-length intake funnel system, Yamaha Chip Control Throttle (YCC-T) fly-by-wire throttle system, slipper clutch, all-new aluminum Deltabox frame and swingarm, six-piston radial-mount front brake calipers with 310 mm discs, a wider radiator, and M1 styling on the new large ram-air intakes in the front fairing. There were no major changes for 2008.

Power at the rear wheel was 156.7 hp @ 10,160 rpm. Motorcycle Consumer News tests of the 2007 model year YZF-R1 yielded a 0 to 60 mph time of 2.94 seconds and 0 to 100 mph of 5.46 seconds, a ¼ mile time of 9.88 seconds at 145.50 mph.

2009–2014
In late 2008, Yamaha announced they would release an all new R1 for 2009. The new R1 took engine technology from the M1 MotoGP bike with its crossplane crankshaft, making the 2009 R1 the first production sports bike to use a crossplane crankshaft. Power delivery is the same as with a 90° V4 with a 180° crank (such as the Honda VFR800, and similar to the 65° V4 in the Yamaha V-Max ). Yamaha claimed the bike would give the rider "two engines in one", with the low-end torque of a twin and the pace of an inline-four. As with the previous incarnation of the R1, the 2009 model used Yamaha Chip Control Throttle (YCC-T).

Another advancement included in the 2009 model was D-Mode Throttle Control Valve Mapping, which allows a rider to choose between three distinct maps depending on the rider's environment. Each mode of operation controls YCC-T characteristics, changing how the R1 reacts to rider input. The first mode is Standard Mode, which delivers performance for a wide variety of driving conditions. The second mode is "A" mode, which will give a rider more available power in the lower to mid RPM range. The third mode is "B" mode, a dialling back of the previous mode designed to soften throttle response in inclement weather and heavy traffic. D-Mode throttle control is controlled by the rider through a forward mode button near the throttle. The instrument panel was more comprehensive than previous models, and the 2009/2010 Yamaha YZF-R1 model had a gear indicator as standard.

Overall handling of the R1 was improved through changes to frame and suspension. A new cast magnesium subframe was designed for the 2009 R1, resulting in lower weight and aiding mass centralisation. The rear shock absorber on the 2009 offers variable speed damping, as well as easy-to-tweak screw-adjustable preload. The rear shock absorber connected underneath the swing arm via a linkage, a change from previous models. To improve overall handling and safety, Yamaha included an electronic steering damper.

The front had the same classic R1 design cues, though the air-intake location and headlamp design were revamped on the 2009 model. This new design used only projector lamps in the headlights and used the newfound design space on the nose to position ram-air intakes next to the lights.

Testing the 2010 model on a tri-oval racetrack, Motorcyclist magazine reported a 0 to 1/4 mi time of 10.02 seconds @ 144.23 mph, and fuel consumption of 25 mpgus. Motorcycle Consumer News reported a tested top speed of 176.7 mph.

In 2012, the Yamaha YZF-R1 received traction control and a redesigned nose, and a special edition 50th Anniversary R1 was released. The special edition commemorates the participation of Yamaha in MotoGP, and its colours are inspired by the Assen TT-winning MotoGP bike. Only 2000 units of this edition were made.

2015–2024
At the centennial EICMA motorcycle show, Yamaha officially unveiled a new generation of R1, similar to the contemporary YZR M1. Yamaha claims a wet weight of 439 lb. Engine changes include a decreased bore-to-stroke ratio, a larger airbox, a finger-follower valve system, and fracture split titanium conrods. Magnesium wheels are standard, and information is presented to the rider through a user-customizable thin-film display.

The new bike has an electronics package that includes a sophisticated Traction Control System (TCS), a Slide Control System (SCS), an anti-wheelie Lift Control System (LIF), linked antilock brakes, a Launch Control System (LCS), a Quick Shift System (QSS), and selectable power modes. The Slide Control System on the R1 is the first on a production motorcycle. Information is fed to the bike through a six-axis inertial measurement unit and other sensors over 100 times a second. Power delivery is tapered through throttle valve manipulation and ignition and fuel cuts.

A second higher-spec, limited production model called the R1M is also produced, and is differentiated from the standard model by having more expensive components, such as electronic semi-active Öhlins suspension, carbon fiber bodywork, Yamaha's Communication Control Unit (CCU), a Y-TRAC data logging system, and grippier Bridgestone tires with a larger rear 200/55 size.

Starting in 2016, the lower-spec R1S model has also been offered.

At EICMA 2017 Yamaha presented the next generation of R1 and R1M. They have a better Quick Shift System, an updated Lift (wheelie) Control System and fulfill Euro 4 requirements. The R1M got a new Öhlins Electronic Racing Suspension. In 2019 next new models started.

Motorsport
The R1 achieved five victories in the Macau Grand Prix between 1999 and 2013. Lorenzo Alfonsi won the 2004 FIM Superstock 1000 Cup, followed by Didier Van Keymeulen in 2005.

Yamaha World Superbike riders Troy Corser and Noriyuki Haga finished 2nd and 3rd respectively in the 2008 Superbike World Championship season.

John McGuinness won the Senior and inaugural Superbike races at the 2005 Isle of Man TT.

Yamaha World Superbike rider Ben Spies won the 2009 Superbike World Championship season title, recording 14 wins and 11 poles in his one season in WSBK. Pata Yamaha World Superbike rider Toprak Razgatlıoğlu won the 2021 Superbike World Championship, recording 13 wins and 3 Superpoles.

The Yamaha Factory Racing Team with riders N. Nakasuga, P. Espargaro, and B. Smith won the 2015 Suzuka 8 Hours endurance race. Katsuyuki Nakasuga, Alex Lowes and Pol Espargaro won the 2016 Suzuka 8 Hours race. Katsuyuki Nakasuga, Alex Lowes, Michael van der Mark won the 2017 and 2018 Suzuka 8 Hours races.

Tommy Hill won the British Superbike title in 2011 on board a YZF-R1. Yamaha rider Josh Brookes won the 2015 title.

title: Yamaha YZF-R1


text: User talk:198.7.247.203

title: User talk:198.7.247.203


text: Talk:Gas jar

title: Talk:Gas jar


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Mountain gazelle

The mountain gazelle (Gazella gazella), also called the true gazelle or the Palestine mountain gazelle,  is a species of gazelle that is widely but unevenly distributed.

Approximately 6,000 are left in the wild as of 2024. The mountain gazelle is protected under Israeli law, with Israel being the last major sanctuary of the species in the Levant.

Description
Both sexes of the mountain gazelle have horns. Males have significantly larger horns with rings around them. Females also have horns, but they are thinner, smoother and shorter. Along with the horns, mountain gazelle are also sexually dimorphic in size, with males being larger than females. A mature male can range from 17 to 29.5 kg, while females are 16–25 kg in weight. Mountain gazelle can reach running speeds of up to 80 km/h.

Population and range
Mountain gazelle were historically distributed across the Levant. Currently they are most abundant in Israel, and are also present in the West Bank in Palestine, the Golan Heights, and Turkey. Small, isolated populations are also found in parts of Jordan, the Gaza Strip, and may be present (though unlikely) in Lebanon, Egypt, and Syria outside of the Golan Heights.

The mountain gazelle is protected as an endangered species under Israeli law, with Israel described as "the last stronghold" of the species in the Levant.

The most recent population estimates and locations by country are:

Habitat
Gazelle have adapted to live in dry, arid conditions. A large amount of their moisture needs are obtained through the vegetation they consume, though they cannot go very long without water. They spend most of their time at the flat tops and crests of mountains, hills, and valleys. Adapting to an annual average temperature of 21-23 °C, gazelles prefer to bed on breezy, elevated areas to avoid the heat of the day. Around dawn and dusk, these antelope will be found cautiously traversing the hills to eat in light forests, fields, or rocky plateaus. Given their preference for elevation, it seems they are less adapted to hot, dry conditions than other ungulates, like the Dorcas gazelle; this diminutive antelope appears to have outcompeted the mountain gazelle throughout some of its range in the late Holocene era, during a period of climatic warming.

Ecology
The mountain gazelle is a crepuscular species; they are awake most of the day and sleep most of the night, but generally are always active in the early morning hours and around sunset. They are also very territorial within their herds, and typically stay in groups of three to eight individuals. There are two main herd-types in the mountain gazelle community, namely mother/baby “maternity” herds and bachelor male herds; older, solitary males patrol and stake out territories, as well.

Survival and reproduction
In the wild, mountain gazelle rarely survive past the age of eight, but can live up to 15 years in captivity with adequate care. By 12 months, a female gazelle can begin breeding. For males, 18 months is when they will start breeding. Being polygamous, and not spending their lives with only one partner, the mountain gazelle typical breeding season is during the early winter months. Females will give birth to one offspring per year, mostly around the months of April and May. A few days prior to giving birth, the mother will leave her herd for a time, and live in solitude. Upon its birth, the newborn is especially vulnerable to predation. For up to two months, the mother and her offspring will stay by themselves, the mother keeping her baby well-hidden in vegetation while she forages. The baby will not typically accompany its mother to graze for several weeks, relying solely on camouflage and lying perfectly still to avoid detection by carnivores. Upon her return, the mother watches out diligently for threats. Some predators include golden eagles, feral dogs, foxes, golden jackals, Arabian wolves and, in some areas, Arabian and Anatolian leopards. While young males will stay with their mother for only six months before departing to a herd of young males, young females will sometimes join their mother in the females' herd.

Food
Grasses and shrubs are the gazelle's most frequent source of food, with grazing being their preferred method of foraging. They are known to browse on low-hanging branches and young shoots as well, especially when their range encompasses that of the acacia tree. They can survive for long periods of time without a water source. Instead, they acquire water from succulent plants and dew droplets.

History
The mountain gazelle underwent a series of size changes during the late Pleistocene, being smallest during the early and middle Epipalaeolithic, and reaching their largest size in the early Late Epipalaeolithic. They then slightly shrunk before stabilizing in size, in the middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic. In the early and late Natufian, human impacts (such as hunting and living in more permanent settlements) may have driven gazelle numbers down enough so as to provide more food to each animal, thus increasing average body size. Later, the greater stability of food and water from agriculture and the avoidance of humans and livestock by gazelles may have similarly reduced population size and intraspecific competition for the gazelles and allow individual animals to grow larger on average.

In the early 20th Century, unregulated hunting with firearms decimated the mountain gazelle population. By 1948, the population of Israel and the Palestinian Territories was approximately 500 individuals. With protection from Israel's 1955 Wildlife Law, the spread of agriculture, and the initial removal of predators, the population grew to approximately 10,000 individuals by the 1980s. In the mid-1980s, an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in the southern Golan Heights and Ramat Yissachar killed about 3,500 gazelles. Combined with the return of predators, poaching, vehicle accidents, and other causes, the population declined to approximately 3,000 by 2001. To prevent future outbreaks, a plan was drawn up to stabilize the female population at 1,000 in the Golan and 700 in Ramat Yissachar. As of 2020, Israel's Nature and Parks Authority and other researchers have recorded a slow recovery, with approximately 5,000 gazelles across the country.

In April 2024, an Israeli mountain gazelle, with six legs (with polymelia disorder) was sighted along the Nahal Habesor riverbed.

Threats and conservation
Mountain gazelles were hunted for food, however, in 1955 hunting mountain gazelles became illegal in Israel. A 2019 estimate found there are likely 300-1300 gazelles poached annually.

As the mountain gazelle's habitat has become a more urban area of the world, there are numerous threats that to the population. Habitat destruction, habitat fragmentation, and collisions with cars are all anthropogenic threats to the gazelles. In areas with high human disturbance, gazelles tend to face predation from feral dogs causing the population recruitment rate to be low. Golden jackals are a historic predator of the gazelles, and a study of golden jackal diets in Park Britannia, central Israel found ungulates made up 70% of the jackal's diet, of which 14% of the ungulate biomass was gazelle. Gazelles may also be more susceptible to predation from golden jackals and wild boar in areas where cattle grazing is used to reduce fire risk.

Ongoing conservation efforts including protecting existing populations and reestablishing gazelle populations. In 2008, the Supreme Court of Israel overturned the approval of a housing development in critical habitat where Gazella gazella gazella were listed as a petitioner on the supreme court case. Additional research on the mountain gazelle and its close relatives the Dorcas gazelle and acacia gazelle are allowing for forensic identification of the gazelles to aide wildlife forensic scientists and law enforcement to enforce wildlife protection laws. Twelve mountain gazelles were released in Gazelle valley, Jerusalem where the population has rebounded from three to about 80 individuals in a 25 hectare fenced off portion of the park where they are protected from predators and car collisions.

The West Bank Segregation Wall, which was built by Israel between 2000 and 2005, poses a great ecological conundrum at it separates populations of many indigenous species on both sides. The Mountain Gazelle is one of these.

Subspecies
Historically, some others such as the Cuvier's gazelle (G. cuvieri) were included as a subspecies, but recent authorities consistently treat them as separate species.

title: Mountain gazelle


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Talk:Ge (unit)

Gou Is Also Japanese Cup
A gou is the term used for a Japanese cup of 180 ml, which is definitely less than a cubic meter. Perhaps a disambiguation page is called for along with a "gou (Japanese cup)" article. Albanaco 20:46, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

Spelling
I would like to provide the following Google statistics: Based on these results, I think it would be somewhat disingenuous to claim that macronless spellings are less frequently used. Vectro 15:41, 6 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Gou 180 ml has 78,100 results
 * Go 180 ml has 2,090,000 results
 * Go japanese unit 180 ml has 1,240,000 results
 * gō 180 ml has 233 results

 * So, no reliable resources. Notice that a Google search is an example of an unacceptable source. All that your searches show is that some people do not know how to romanize long vowels. That should be easy to understand as it is more difficult for most to type diacritics. If you are not up to speed on the way it is done in professional publications, as well as here on Wikipedia, then a good start is WP:MOS-JA. The misspellings that you propose already seem to have redirects, which should be more than sufficient. If you are still opposed to it, then perhaps this page should be deleted. It already exists at Wiktionary, and if that is still a problem, then it can be moved to 合. 122.18.163.150 16:46, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Looking further into your unacceptable source Google searches, many of the hits have absolutely nothing to do with this subject. I can not suggest a perfect filter, but those numbers are extremely inaccurate. Perhaps that is another reason why Google searches are unacceptable. Bendono 17:02, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

Unacceptable sources
From WP:SPS:"Anyone can create a website or pay to have a book published, then claim to be an expert in a certain field. For that reason, self-published books, personal websites, and blogs are largely not acceptable as sources."

Lets review the citations: "Sake World Sake e-Newsletter"
 * Online, personal, non-reviewed content.
 * Not even consistent with their own name. They spell their name "eSaké", and yet write "sake".

How Many?
 * Personal website of Russ Rowlett
 * Non-reviewed content

Units database
 * Personal database of Adrian Mariano
 * Non-reviewed content.
 * Appears to have some Japanese ability as he tends to romanize long vowels as they are typed.
 * Inconsistent spellings. To name just one, "Kyuushu" instead of the hypothetical *Kyuushuu or even *Kyushu. Compare with Kyūshū.

Per WP:SPS, these are "largely not acceptable as sources." Especially as resources arguing for particular spellings.

WP:PRECISION suggests looking in "authoritative dictionaries" to resolve spelling conflicts. I looked in the following supposedly authoritative dictionaries: Neither "go" or "gou", used in this sense, were listed. (However, they all listed "go" for Go (board game), which is to be expected.)
 * Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
 * Random House Unabridged Dictionary
 * Encarta dictionary

So the words are not English. Next, per WP:NC, use WP:MOS-JA for Japanese, which is quite clear on the issue. It was even specifically brought up for discussion there almost a year ago. Redirects exist for these so-called "alternative spellings"; they do not belong in the article.

WP:PROVEIT states: "Do not leave unsourced information in articles for too long". This issue has been going on for almost a year now. Without even a single authoritative, verifiable dictionary, this mis-information needs to be removed. Bendono 13:39, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ge (unit)


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Bartleby (disambiguation)

Bartleby is the title character in Herman Melville's short story "Bartleby, the Scrivener".

Bartleby may also refer to:
 * Bartleby (1970 film), a British film starring Thorley Walters
 * Bartleby (1976 film), a French production
 * Bartleby (2001 film), an American film starring Crispin Glover and David Paymer
 * Bartleby, the protagonist of the movie Accepted
 * Bartleby, a character in the Jeff Smith comic Bone
 * Bartleby, a character in the Kevin Smith movie Dogma
 * Bartleby.com, an e-text archive

title: Bartleby (disambiguation)


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Hiro Yamamoto

Hiro D. Yamamoto (born April 13, 1961) is a Japanese-American bassist who was a founding member of grunge band Soundgarden, along with Kim Thayil and Chris Cornell in 1984. He left the band in 1989, and two years later, he started the independent rock band Truly together with Screaming Trees drummer Mark Pickerel and Robert Roth from The Storybook Krooks. In 2016, Yamamoto co-founded the surf trio Stereo Donkey.

Soundgarden
Hiro Yamamoto was the founding bassist of Soundgarden. He performed with Cornell, Thayil, and drummer Scott Sundquist on the Deep Six compilation, and performed with Cornell, Thayil, and drummer Matt Cameron on the EPs Screaming Life, Fopp, and Loudest Love, as well as on the albums Ultramega OK and Louder Than Love. He departed the band following the spring 1989 European tour. Jason Everman (formerly of Nirvana) replaced him on the bass briefly, after which Ben Shepherd became the permanent bassist. After Yamamoto departed, he completed the requirements for his master's degree in physical chemistry at Western Washington University. He is currently the Chief of Organic Chemistry at Edge Analytical in Burlington, Washington.

As did Cornell, Thayil, Cameron, and Shepherd, Yamamoto actively wrote songs for the band:
 * "Heretic" (first version on Deep Six, second on Loudest Love) ... lyrics
 * "Tears to Forget" (first version on Deep Six, second on Screaming Life) music (co-written)
 * "All Your Lies" (first version on Deep Six, second on Ultramega OK) music (co-written)
 * "Kingdom of Come" (Fopp) credited to Soundgarden
 * "665" (Ultramega OK) music
 * "667" (Ultramega OK) music
 * "Circle of Power" (Ultramega OK) lyrics, vocals
 * "Nazi Driver" (Ultramega OK) music
 * "Toy Box" (Flower) lyrics, music (co-written)
 * "Power Trip" (Louder Than Love) music
 * "I Awake" (Louder Than Love) ... music
 * "No Wrong No Right" (Louder Than Love) ... music

Truly
In 1991, Yamamoto formed a three-piece indie band, Truly. The other members were former Screaming Trees drummer Mark Pickerel and singer Robert Roth. Truly released two studio albums and a compilation of unreleased material before breaking up in 2000. The band reunited in 2008.

Stereo Donkey
Following a successful 2016 jam session, Yamamoto formed a surf-inspired trio, Stereo Donkey, with drummer Mike Bajuk, and guitarist Pat Wickline.

In November 2018, the band released an eponymous six-track EP, recorded in the old church that Wickline lives in. According to Wickline, "The room is a fourth member of the band." The recording reportedly works as both surf music and exotica, yet is still rooted in, "Pacific Northwest rock history".

Other performances
On November 8, 2021, Yamamoto performed with other noted musicians at an event in Seattle honoring the Asian Hall of Fame's 2021 inductees, and the 35th anniversary of the Robert Chinn Foundation. The other performers included Jeff Kashiwa, Krist Novoselic, Ed Roth, and Danny Seraphine.

Soundgarden

 * Screaming Life (EP)
 * Fopp (EP)
 * Ultramega OK
 * Flower (single)
 * Louder Than Love
 * Loudest Love (EP)

Truly

 * Heart and Lungs (EP) – 1991
 * Fast Stories... from Kid Coma – 1995
 * Feeling You Up – 1997
 * Subject to Change: Artists for a Hate-Free America – 1997 compilation
 * Twilight Curtains – 2000

Stereo Donkey

 * Stereo Donkey (EP) – 2018

title: Hiro Yamamoto


text:
Talk:Nic Kipke

Untitled
Since Pat Corcoran has been determined on the article about him to not fit the "Paleoconservative" label and has, fittingly, been deemed a standard conservative, I am properly identifying him here as the conservative he is and removing the false label of paleoconservative. Furthermore, Nic Kipke is, idealogically, virtually identical to Pat Corcoran for all intents and purposes, as evident in the eerily similar wording of Kipke's new site compared to Corcoran's. VaVaVertigo 23:59, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Methinks....
Methinks you are probably reading more into this than there really is. Of course, you also are defending your father so I would justifiably not expect objectivity in that statement. Sugarking 11:50, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC}

Untitled2
"and the Anne Arundel County portion of Baltimore."

What is this supposed to mean? There is no "Anne Arundel County portion of Baltimore". Baltimore is an independent city; no part of it is part of a county. In any case, Baltimore City was separated from Baltimore County, not Anne Arundel. Perhaps they are referring to the areas that use Baltimore in the address line that is outside of the CIty, but again, these are not part of the city and included many areas. I'm assuming in this case the writer means Curtis Bay, which is still part of the county and not the city. I'm removing this line because it's inaccurate. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.48.196.17 (talk) 03:55, 19 July 2011 (UTC)

Kipke marital status
Trying to determine how to properly approach this - this article incorrectly states that Susannah Kipke is his first wife and that he only has 3 children, when in reality she is his second wife and he has 5 children. It's noteworthy as Nic Kipke is a strong "family values" Republican; therefore, it's in the public interest to have this information in the public domain. There are divorce records from his first marriage available at https://mdcourts.gov/courts/courtrecords but it's difficult to cite as there isn't a permalink to individual records. Any thoughts? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.179.38.121 (talk) 04:00, 7 June 2019 (UTC)

 * Please, let's be careful about labeling things as incorrect. The article doesn't state that Susannah Kipke is his first wife; it states that they are married, which is correct. Also, it doesn't say that he only has three children; it says they have three children, which they do.
 * For citing the divorce records, things can be cited without a link, much as old publications that aren't online can be cited. However, I followed your link to court records (thank you), I googled the case title (Morgan Nichole Kipke Vs Nicholaus Ryan Kipke), and I found another web site where I think it can be linked: https://www.juralindex.com/civil/morgan-nichole-kipke-vs-nicholaus-ryan-kipke-case-details-6f4726cd84070cf886886a59d1aa05a4.html
 * Googling both their names also brought to my attention something interesting that I'd overlooked at Ballotpedia: she was the largest donor to his first campaign in 2006 (and he was his own second largest donor).
 * As to children with his first wife, I've yet to see anything to support that, and it would certainly need a citation to be added to the article.
 * -- Pemilligan (talk) 02:53, 8 June 2019 (UTC)

 * Nic Kipke and Morgan Kipke (nee Uebersax) appear together on his official website as archived on March 24, 2005. The site, as archived on November 20, 2008, features a picture of the couple with two children, but it is unlabeled/uncaptioned. Another unlabeled/uncaptioned photo of the four appeared on the site as archived on August 7, 2010; the image file is named Kipke-family.jpg. They no longer appear on the site as archived on April 21, 2011. Morgan Kipke filed for divorce on May 30, 2012.
 * Following a site redesign, mention of Susannah Kipke isn't archived until June 2, 2016 when the About page included the text,
 * "He lives in Pasadena with his wife Susannah and their son. They are expecting their second child later this year."
 * While all this does suggest to me that Nic Kipke has five children by his two marriages, I think this isn't sufficient documentation for the article to say so.
 * -- Pemilligan (talk) 19:00, 8 June 2019 (UTC)

 * I wonder if this web site, archived May 27, 2013 and listing his wife Morgan and two children, is sufficient. -- Pemilligan (talk) 20:34, 1 November 2019 (UTC)

 * The details have been added to the article. -- Pemilligan (talk) 03:04, 13 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nic Kipke


text:
Ronny Johnsen

Jean Ronny Johnsen (born 10 June 1969) is a Norwegian former footballer who played as a centre-back or defensive midfielder. He played club football in Norway, Turkey, and England for Sem, Stokke, Eik-Tønsberg, Lyn, Lillestrøm, Beşiktaş, Manchester United, Aston Villa, Newcastle United and Vålerenga.

Johnson was part of the Manchester United team that won the Treble of the Premier League, FA Cup and UEFA Champions League in 1999. He won an additional two Premier League titles and two FA Charity Shields with United, as well as the Norwegian league title with Vålerenga.

Johnson was capped 62 times for Norway. He represented his country at the 1998 FIFA World Cup.

Club career
Born in Sandefjord, Johnsen grew up in Stokke where he played for the local sides Sem IF and Stokke IL during his youth. He started his senior career as a striker in the second tier side Eik-Tønsberg in 1987, but was retrained as a centre-back by head coach Nils Johan Semb. Johnsen wanted to play as a striker and after he transferred to Lyn ahead of the 1992 season he played as a striker for the club in Tippeligaen. Halfway through the 1994 season, Johnsen transferred to Lillestrøm, where he was used more as a centre-back than a striker, before he moved to Beşiktaş in 1995. After a half season in Turkey, Johnsen was approached by Manchester United manager, Alex Ferguson who wanted to sign him. Johnsen turned down the first offer, but transferred to Manchester United during the summer of 1996, and signed a five-year contract with the club. With a fee of £1.2million, Johnsen became the then most expensive Norwegian defender.

While at Manchester United, he won 4 league titles (1997, 1999, 2000, and 2001), and one FA Cup in 1999 with the club. He was also a part of the team that won the UEFA Champions League in 1999. He covered the central midfield position in Manchester United's away win over Juventus in the semi-final. He also played the whole of the final in Barcelona, this time in defence, alongside Jaap Stam. He has the rare distinction of also winning four medals in four consecutive appearances with the club. He was on the pitch for the title clincher, FA Cup final, and Champions League final in 1999, and because of injury, the 2000 league title clincher against Tottenham Hotspur. Although he fell well short of the 10 appearances required for a title winner's medal in 2000, he received a title winner's medal through special dispensation – similar to the one credited to Dion Dublin for the same reason seven years earlier. The following season, he just met the criteria for a title medal.

While at Manchester United, he scored eight goals in all competitions – the first coming against Chelsea in the FA Charity Shield in August 1997. He remained with them until his contract expired at the end of the 2001–02 season, when he was given a free transfer.

In 2002, Johnsen and fellow Norwegian international Øyvind Leonhardsen had a trial at German side Schalke 04. After that move fell through, Johnsen signed with Aston Villa. In two years at Aston Villa, he scored once in the league, against Leeds United in February 2004. After leaving Aston Villa, Johnsen was offered a trial at Southampton and played against Chievo Verona in a friendly, ultimately he could not agree terms with the club. Johnsen then signed for Newcastle United but only played a handful of games before being released with concerns over his fitness levels.

In February 2005, Johnsen announced his retirement from professional football. Shortly afterwards he changed his mind, signing a one-year contract with the Norwegian club Vålerenga. Subsequently, he renewed this contract three times for the following 2006, 2007 and 2008 seasons.

Johnsen retired as an active football player on 3 November 2008, with Vålerenga losing their final game of the 2008 season 1–0 to SK Brann.

International career
Johnsen did not represent Norway at youth level; but while Johnsen was playing for Eik at the second tier, national team coach Egil Olsen, because of a recommendation from Nils Johan Semb, included Johnsen in his squad without having seen him play. Johnsen made his debut for the Norwegian national team in a friendly match against Sweden in 1991. He played as winger, striker and midfielder during his early career at the national team, before he was used primarily as a centre-back. Johnsen played some of the matches in the qualification for the 1994 FIFA World Cup, and played as a striker when Norway won 3–0 away against Poland in 1993 and qualified for the World Cup, but was left out of the squad that travelled to the United States. Four years later, Johnsen was first choice at centre-back, and played all four matches in the 1998 FIFA World Cup. Johnsen played 61 matches for Norway, until May 2004 when he played against Wales. Three years later, he made a comeback for the national team, and played the whole match home against Argentina, which was Johnsen's last match at international level. He was 38 years and 73 days when he was last capped, making him the second-oldest player for the Norwegian national team, only beaten by Gunnar Thoresen.

Career statistics
1 Includes FA Cup, Norwegian Football Cup and Turkish Cup.

2 Includes Champions League and UEFA Cup.

3 Includes FA Community Shield and Turkish Super Cup

Honours
Manchester United
 * Premier League: 1996–97, 1998–99, 2000–01
 * FA Cup: 1998–99
 * FA Charity Shield: 1996, 1997
 * UEFA Champions League: 1998–99

Vålerenga
 * Tippeligaen: 2005
 * Norwegian Football Cup: 2008

Individual
 * Kniksen Awards: Kniksen's honour award in 2008

title: Ronny Johnsen


text:
User talk:Hawk123

if you vandalize wikipedia again, you will be blocked from editing. RickK 23:59, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hawk123