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Greenhithe railway station

Greenhithe railway station (also known as Greenhithe for Bluewater) serves the village of Greenhithe in north Kent and Bluewater Shopping Centre. It is 19 mi down the line from London Charing Cross.

Train services are operated by Southeastern and Thameslink.

Design
Before Bluewater was built Greenhithe station was just a small village station. The only access between the entrance and the London-bound platform was via a subway with no disabled access.

The station was rebuilt in 2008 to improve accessibility for disabled users and upgrade the station and ticketing facilities. This was a pioneering modular design by Network Rail, with Mitcham Eastfields and Corby later constructed in the same way.

The subway has been replaced by a bridge with stairs and lift access at both ends. The new station entrance and booking hall lies directly between the bridge and the bus stop outside (see Fastrack below). Before the construction of this stop and its access road, buses had to stop some distance away downhill and passengers had to transfer via stairs and a footpath.

Services
Services at Greenhithe are operated by Southeastern and Thameslink using, , , and  EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 2 tph to London Charing Cross via Sidcup
 * 2 tph to London Victoria via Bexleyheath
 * 2 tph to Luton via Woolwich Arsenal and Greenwich
 * 4 tph to Gravesend (2 of these run non-stop and 2 call at all stations)
 * 2 tph to Rainham via Chatham

Additional services, including trains to and from London Cannon Street call at the station during the peak hours.

Connections

The station is served by a bus station from which frequent buses run to surrounding destinations.

The station is served by the Fastrack routes A, AZ and B which provide regular connections to Dartford, Temple Hill, Bluewater, Ebbsfleet International and Gravesend.

The station is also served by the Ensignbus route X80 which provides connections to Bluewater, Lakeside and Chafford Hundred.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Greenhithe railway station


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/'Bolg an Ísil-Aicme'

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 22:57, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

'Bolg an Ísil-Aicme'
Fake television show, also an article for its fake presenter, Brian Reddy, is listed seperately. Delete. Kiand 20:07, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax. I'd recommend a speedy deletion on nonsense grounds. Fire Star 20:23, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete probable hoax. Note, as well as the Brian Reddy article which is linked to this nomination, the creator of the article was from the same IP address as the creator of the Simon hollingsworth article which has also been nominated for deletion; (134.226.1.136  & see also User_talk:134.226.1.136 with history of blanking out unfavourable comments). --AYArktos 21:06, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * on reflection, the debate as to whether the show is real and therefore the article is a hoax is a red-herring. Notability has not been established; quite the opposite since no-one has heard of or remembered it.--AYArktos 00:17, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment: I think this should be allowed the full VFD time. It's readable so not nonsense. It's an old show, so I don't expect much Google hits. Can you otherwise prove it doesn't exist?

 * They claim it was shown as recently as 1987. Not terribly long ago. We have Irish versions of TV Ark over here, and they don't have anything on it. Its against the ethos of RTE. Its not on RTE's site, which has a lot of old material (even some of it in realmedia these days). Theres NO Google hits for it.

 * If you want me to mail RTE, I will. But *I* can assure you its not real. Kiand 21:22, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I didn't think Google hits were reliable in this case. I know of enough TV shows that are completely misrepresented on the net, most of them children's programs. But if the station that showed it doesn't have a record of it, I'll have to delete as well. Mgm|(talk) 08:01, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)

Delete suspicious themes. Djegan 21:53, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete hoax. --Angr/comhrá 04:49, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, hoax. Megan1967 06:33, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Again, I don't know what the problem with this page is. I can assure you it was one of my favourite programmes when I was a young man in the late 1970's. That said, I may have spelt the name wrong as my Irish isn't very good.This might explain the google hits thing. I hope you keep this site up. Thanks, Paul Fitzgerlad (I also wrote the article on Brian Reddy, and am starting to get very confused about how to write entries up in good faith that will stay there)

 * I've just contacted RTE. We'll see how long they take to respond - its usually an hour or so when I contact them to bug them about reception... Kiand 15:00, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Delete: bogus in the extreme. I was a kid in the '70s in Ireland too & there was nothing like this. Nor that Brian Reddy character, either. BTW, why did the original author deface this page? - Pete C (talk) 15:08, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC) Delete: I have never heard of this programme and there is no evidence to prove that it ever existed. Not notable if it did. CatCrofts 13:35, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The issue seems to be the IP address allegedly originates in a college (see VFD Brian Reddy). It may not be the same author.  My recommendation to Paul Fitzgerald (if he is a real person) is for him to get a log in and then he will be separate from other users of the IP address.  This recommendation has been made several times in the IP user talk page and that talk page has ben defaced from the IP address - ie some users know enough to look for the talk page and edit it.  I have also made the recommendation on the Brian Reddy talk page in response to Paul Fitzgerald's query. --AYArktos 22:37, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I have now created an account. I hope this will sort out some of the confusion. Have RTE gotten back to you yet about the programme? Take care, Paul ( by the way my account name is paulfitz if you need it)

 * Delete hoax created by a bored student of Trinity College in Dublin. He also created a few others, such as Paul Brennan, which got speedied as patent nonsense. Lupo 16:03, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I got Reddyb speedied already today. Same IP address - Pete C (talk) 16:09, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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User talk:Saum1

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! violet/riga (t) 20:07, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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2021 Montreal municipal election
Please take time to read what I wrote on the talk page of the next election, in reaction to your templates. Thanks.

BChartrand (talk) 11:00, 22 May 2021 (UTC)

Adding electoral districts to templates
Hi, I've noticed you've created a lot of templates for Canadian election results recently. In some of the templates, you haven't specified the electoral district, which doesn't allow categorization. I've fixed this on a decent number of these - please be sure to do so in the future (example). Thanks! Elli (talk | contribs) 02:50, 25 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Duly noted - thank you for making the changes. Saum1 (talk | contribs) 03:28, 26 June 2021 (UTC)

Bernadette Jordan
Hi there, Saum1. You seem to use Wikipedia/know how to use Wikipedia a whole lot better/more than I do, so I thought I'd write to you about your most recent update to Bernadette Jordan rather than just rudely reverting your edit. I see there's a section above about templates, which... I'm sure are a thing with a purpose, so maybe you were trying to do a thing and there was just some sort of typo or other error that can be corrected better than just by reverting. Thanks! --Jermdeeks (talk) 12:51, 4 July 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Saum1


text:
Category:Scottish biologists

 * Category:British biologists.

title: Category:Scottish biologists


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Haldwani

Haldwani (Kumaoni: Haldvānī) is the largest city of Kumaon. It is also the third most populous city and largest commercial market in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. Haldwani is said to be the financial capital of Uttarakhand, having the most commercial, economic and industrial activities of the state. Haldwani is located in the Nainital District, and is one of its eight Subdivisions. The Haldwani Urban agglomeration has 232,060 people as of 2011, and is the third most populous UA in Uttarakhand, after Dehradun and Haridwar. Being situated in the immediate foothills of Kumaon Himalayas, the Kathgodam neighbourhood of Haldwani is known as the "Gateway to Kumaon".

Located in the Bhabhar region in the Himalayan foothills on the banks of the Gaula River, the was established in 1834, as a mart for hill people who visited Bhabar during the cold season. The establishment of the Bareilly–Nainital provincial road in 1882 and the Bhojeepura–Kathgodam railway line by Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway in 1884 helped develop the town into a major trading post and then a hub between the hilly regions of Kumaon and the Indo-Gangetic Plains.

Etymology
The name "Haldwani" is an anglicised version of the Kumaoni word "Haldu-vani" (literally "forest of Haldu"), named after the tree of "Haldu" (Kadamb), known to botanists as Haldina cordifolia. The Haldu trees were found in abundance around the city prior to deforestation of the region for agriculture and settlement. The place was regionally known as Halduvani until George William Traill took over as Commissioner of Kumaon and renamed it to Haldwani in 1834.

History
The Bhabhar region, where the city is located, has historically been a part of the Kingdom of Kumaon. The region came under the dominion of Kumaon, when King Gyan Chand of Chand Dynasty visited Delhi Sultanate in the 14th century. Later, the Mughals tried to take over the hills, but their attempts received a setback due to the difficult terrain.

In the early 1600s, the Haldwani region was sparsely populated. It was inhabited by people of a Native tribe known as the Buksa. The Terai area southward consisted of thick forests, and was used as hunting grounds by the Mughals.

Founding and 19th century
In 1816, after the British defeated Gorkhas, and gained control of Kumaon by the Treaty of Sugauli, Gardner was appointed the Commissioner of Kumaon. Later George William Traill took over as Commissioner and renamed Halduvani as Haldwani in 1834. Though British records suggest that the place was established in 1834, as a mart for hill people who visited the Bhabhar (Himalayan foothills) region, during the cold season. The township, formerly located in Mota Haldu, had only thatched houses. Brick-houses began to be built only after 1850. The first English middle school was established in 1831.

During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Haldwani was briefly seized by the rebels of Rohilkhand, soon martial law was declared in the region by Sir Henry Ramsay (the Commissioner of Kumaon), and by 1858, the region was cleared of the rebels. The Rohillas, who were accused of attacking Haldwani, were hanged by the British at Phansi Gadhera in Nainital. Later, Ramsay connected Nainital with Kathgodam by road in 1882. In 1883–84, the railway track was laid between Bareilly and Kathgodam. The first train arrived at Haldwani from Lucknow on 24 April 1884.

Before the formation of Nainital district in 1891, it was part of the Kumaon district, which was later renamed Almora district. The Town Act was implemented here in 1885 and Haldwani was declared a municipality on 1 February 1897. The Tehsil office was opened here in 1899, when it became the tehsil headquarters of the Bhabhar, one of four divisions of the Nainital district, and included 4 towns and 511 villages; and had a combined population of 93,445 (1901), spread over 1,279 sq. miles.

20th and 21st centuries

In 1901, with a population of 6,624, Haldwani was the headquarters of the Bhabhar region of Nainital District, in the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, and it also used to become the winter headquarters of the officers of the Kumaon Division and the Nainital District. The Arya Samaj Bhavan was built in 1901 and Sanatan Dharm Sabha in 1902. The Municipality of Haldwani was disestablished in 1904, and Haldwani was constituted as a Notified area. The first Hospital of the city was opened in 1912.

Haldwani hosted the second session of the Kumaon Parishad in 1918. Protests against the Rowlatt Act and for Coolie-Begar Abolition were held all over the city in 1920 under the leadership of Pt. Tara Datt Gairola Raibahadur. Many processions were carried out in the city between 1930 and 1934 during the Civil disobedience movement. In 1940, at the Haldwani conference, Badri Datt Pandey voiced for granting special status to the mountainous regions of Kumaon in the United Provinces, thus, giving a way to the future Uttarakhand movement.

Haldwani was a mid-sized town, with a population of about 25,000, in 1947, when India became Independent from the British Rule. Haldwani became a part of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city was electrified in 1950. The 2nd battalion of the Naga Regiment, affectionately known as Head Hunters, was raised at Haldwani on 11 February 1985. Haldwani played a major role in the Uttarakhand movement. The town was spearheading the agitation, which often ended up in violence and also in police firing and brutality.

Forty human skeletons and 300 'grave-like structures' were discovered in Haldwani's Golapar area on 9 May 2017 during the construction of the Haldwani ISBT. The skeletons were speculated to be the remains of the Rohilla chieftains from Bareilly who fought against the British in 1857 and were killed by the British army or of those who died of epidemics, malaria or famine. However, forensic tests later revealed the skeletons to be only two years old.

Topography
Haldwani is located at 29.22°N, 79.52°W, in the Nainital district on the right bank of the Gaula River. Geologically, Haldwani is settled on a piedmont grade (called Bhabhar) where the mountain rivers go underground to re-emerge in the Indo-Gangetic plain. The Haldwani Bhabhar stretches horizontally, surrounded by the regions of Ramnagar and Tanakpur and lies between the Shivalik hills to the north and the Terai region of Rudrapur to the south. The average land elevation is 424 m above sea level. According to the Bureau of Indian Standards, Haldwani falls under seismic zone 4, in a scale of 2 to 5 (in order of increasing vulnerability to earthquakes).

The Haldwani tehsil has an area of 958.6 square k.m, including both flat and hilly ground, and is in the Indian Standard Time Zone (UTC−5:30). When Haldwani was founded in 1837, most of the early buildings were around Mota Haldu. The city gradually developed northwards towards the present Bazaar and Railway Station. The city had in the past seen haphazard development due to the absence of a development authority. Dozens of colonies were set up in the early 2000s without any regulation with narrow roads, making commuting a nightmare. The city ranked 395 in the Swachh Survekshan 2017, out of 434 cities, with a total score of 557.

Metropolitan area
Haldwani is the principal city in the Haldwani Urban Agglomeration Area, situated in the southeastern part of Uttarakhand, in the Kumaon region. Apart from the towns of Haldwani and Kathgodam, the Urban Agglomeration of Haldwani also includes eleven outgrowths (judge farm, Damua Dhunga Bandobasti, Byura, Bamori Talli Bandobasti, Amrawati Colony, Shakti Vihar, Bhatt Colony, Manpur Uttar, Haripur Sukha, Gaujajali Uttar, Kusumkhera, Bithoria No. 1, Korta, Bamori Malli and Bamori Talli Kham) and two census towns (Mukhani and Haldwani Talli).

Haldwani is also a tehsil, one of the eight subdivisions of the Nainital district. The tehsil of Haldwani is situated in the southern part of the Nainital district and shares its borders with the tehsils of Nainital, Kaladhungi, Lalkuan and Dhari tehsils in Nainital district; Gadarpur, Kiccha and Sitarganj in Udham Singh Nagar district and the tehsil of Poornagiri in Champawat district. The tehsil comprises four towns and 202 villages.

Demographics
The municipality of Haldwani has a population of 156,060 people. The region is dominated by the native Teraiwasi and Kumaonis and migrants of various states including Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab, Bengal, hence a major population belonging to various religions and regions are present in haldwani as per provisional data released by the 2011 census. The 2017 estimate, on the other hand, predicted a population of 291,338. The population of the municipality area, combined with outgrowths was 201,461, and the urban agglomeration of Haldwani-cum-Kathgodam had a population of 232,060, out of which males were 121,409 and females were 110,686.

Hinduism is the majority religion in Haldwani with 64.84% followers. Islam is second most popular religion in city with approximately 31.89% following it. In Haldwani, Christianity is followed by 0.89%, Sikhism by 2.19%, Jainism by 0.09%, and Buddhism by 0.09%. Around 0.01% stated 'Other Religion', approximately 0.07% stated 'No Particular Religion'.

Education
As of 2011, Haldwani has a total of 198 Government financed educational institutions, including 73 Primary Schools, 25 middle schools, 25 secondary schools and 25 senior secondary schools. Besides these, there are several institutions of higher education, including 2-degree colleges affiliated with the Kumaun University, Nainital and a medical college affiliated with the Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Uttarakhand Medical Education University, Dehradun. The Government Medical College, Haldwani was established in 1997 as Uttarakhand Forest Hospital Trust Medical College, and is a residential & co-educational college recognised by the Medical Council of India and Government of India.

The Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), an Indian defence laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), is also located in Haldwani. It conducts research and development of bioenergy as well as the sustainable and eco-friendly high altitude agro-technologies in the Indian Himalayan Region for the use of Indian Military.

Amrapali Group of Institutes is located in Lamachaur area of Haldwani. It was established in 1999 and is currently running Engineering, Hotel Management, Computer Applications, Pharmacy, Education, Commerce and Business Management Courses.

The Graphic Era University Campus is situated in the Gola Par area of Haldwani which is a special class private university.

Haldwani is home to the Uttarakhand Open University, which was established by an act of Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly on 31 October 2005. The university, located in Teenpani neighbourhood of the city, is the only open university in the state. More than 140 courses are available at the university; prominent ones being journalism and mass communication, hotel management, tourism management, business management, education,, and other traditional courses.

Pal College of Technology & Management is situated in Haldwani in Uttarakhand state of India. it is accredited from Other and it is affiliated to Kumaun University. PAL COLLEGE, Haldwani offers 8 courses across 6 streams namely Science, IT, Management, Education, Hotel Management, Arts and across 7 degrees like BSc, BHM, B.Ed., BBA, BCA.Hostel facility is not available for its students. Additional campus facilities such as Math Lab, Boys Hostel, Computer Lab, Library, Cls. Room, Placement, Sports, Trans., WiFi are also there.

Economy
Well connected with the Indo-Gangetic plain by road (to New Delhi, Dehradun and Lucknow) and rail (New Delhi, DehraDun, Lucknow and Kolkata), Haldwani is an important commercial hub. It is home to one of the largest vegetable, fruit and foodgrain markets in north India.Being the gateway to most of Kumaon, it is an important revenue center of Uttarakhand based on its advantageous location as a base depot for goods in transit to the hills. The Gaula river is exploited for a large quantity of boulders, sand and gravels every year, and forms an important revenue source for both the government and local business.

Business in Haldwani
The status of Haldwani is as an economic hub can be seen in the several business outlets that run purely on trade. Whether it is perishable commodities or non-perishable ones the traders of Haldwani stock and distribute their goods all over the hilly regions. The entire hill region is dependent upon the material and supplies that are stocked and then passed on to other hill town and settlements. Naturally occurring products like organic grains, herbal, horticulture produce and other environment-friendly handicrafts would all attract revenue for the investor, the traders as also the government. Besides these, the agricultural and pharmaceutical products sector would be a great draw for the investor, industrialists, entrepreneur, business people as well as retailers and distributors. The traditional and the modern – both junction of the hills and the plains.

Investment in Haldwani
Already a major revenue earner for the state of Uttarakhand, tourism has much more scope for Haldwani and nearby locations. The concept of rural tourism is fast catching up where the tourists prefer staying with the local population rather than in hotels and resorts. The comforts of home, a taste of the local cuisine as well as spending time exploring the nooks and crannies of an old world, charming hill town – all these afford the tourist with a tremendously different experience. Beside such opportunities, there are several more ways in which the tourist potential can be explored and maximized for its optimal output to help the township progress and blossom to its zenith. Businessmen, investors, resort owners as also the local community can capitalize on these fresher opportunities.

There are also several openings for other business enterprises like construction material, adventure equipment, floriculture as well as medical tourism in the lap of nature. It would also prove to have great scope for all forms of educational and training institutions that would be rooted in the ancient teaching of the Gurukul system. Therefore, it would be a wise move to visit the Haldwani region and explore its vast investment potential for the future.

Civic Administration
Haldwani is a municipal corporation governed by a mayor–council system. The municipal area is divided into 60 territorial constituencies known as wards. The Municipal Corporation is made up of a Wards Committee, where each ward has one seat. Members, known as Councillors, are elected to the Wards Committee on the basis of adult franchise for a term of five years, as provisioned by the 74th Amendment of the Indian Constitution relating to urban local governments. The 'Nagar Nigam Haldwani' is a unicameral legislative body, comprising sixty Councillors, and the Mayor. In addition to the elected Councillors, the committee also includes fifteen councillors nominated by the state government and four additional members; the three MLAs and MP from the city.

The Town Act was implemented in Haldwani in 1885 after which, it was declared a municipality on 1 February 1897. The Municipality of Haldwani was soon disestablished and Haldwani was constituted as a 'notified area' in 1904. In 1907, it got the status of town area. The Haldwani-Kathgodam Municipal Council was established on 21 September 1942, and was upgraded to a Municipal corporation on 21 May 2011. Currently it is the third largest Municipal Corporation in the state of Uttarakhand after Dehradun and Haridwar.

Politics
The city is represented in the Lok Sabha by a representative elected from the Nainital-Udhamsingh Nagar Constituency. Ajay Bhatt, from BJP, is the current Member of Parliament from Nainital-Udhamsingh Nagar. He won the 2019 Lok Sabha elections by 339,000 votes against Harish Rawat from the Congress,. The Current MLA is Sumit Hriyesh who is from the Congress Party and was previously held by the Leader of Opposition and very Senior Legislator Late Dr Indira Hridayesh who is widely acknowledged to have developed the face of modern Haldwani which she has represented 3 times since the formation of Uttarakhand .at. Generally considered a Congress Stronghold, the Congress has registered a victory from Nainital-Udham Singh Nagar eight times since 1951. While BJP won this seat two times, other political parties had managed three victories. The city elects three members to the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly. Much of the city forms part of the Haldwani assembly constituency, Nagar Nigam ward no 1 to 37, although some western and southern suburbs are a part of the Kaladhungi (ward no. 38 to 55) and Lalkuan (ward no. 56 to 60) constituencies respectively.

Transport
Haldwani is known as the Gateway to Kumaon. The most commonly used forms of transport in Haldwani include government owned services such as railways and buses. Complementing these government services are bus routes operated by KMOU (Kumaon Motor Owner's Union), as well as privately operated taxis and auto rickshaws.

Road
NH 109 cuts through Haldwani; other major roads are the Bareilly-Bageshwar highway, Rampur Road, Haldwani-Kaladhungi–Ramnagar Road and the Kathgodam-Sitarganj Road. Haldwani is well connected to the country's capital Delhi via buses run by Uttarakhand Transport Corporation. All the buses leave from the Haldwani Bus Station for Delhi's Anand Vihar ISBT. The connectivity to state capital Dehradun is also good. There are a number of buses for Dehradun-Haldwani route. Apart from Delhi and Dehradun, regular buses are available for several hill cities like Nainital, Almora, Ranikhet, Bageshwar and Pithoragarh.

A new ISBT is under construction in the Gaulapar region. The ISBT would be spread over 8 Acres, and has been termed the 'Largest ISBT in north India' by The Times of India. The foundation stone was laid in 2016. The construction work started in 2014, but was halted in May 2017, when a large number of human skeletons were discovered at the construction site by workers.

Rail
There are direct rail links to many parts both in and outside the state to all major junctions. All trains start from Kathgodam which is a terminal of North Eastern Railway's Izzatnagar Division and then reach Haldwani and proceed towards Lalkuan Junction. In 1883–84, the railway track was laid between Bareilly and Kathgodam. The first train arrived at Haldwani from Lucknow on 24 April 1884. Later, the railway line was extended to Kathgodam. Indian Railways is planning shorter rail track via Ramnagar–Kotdwar–Haridwar instead of the present track via Rampur–Moradabad.

Air
The air gateway to Haldwani is the Pantnagar Airport located at Pantnagar, which is about 28 km (17 mi) south of Haldwani city, and handles the domestic flights. The Pantnagar Airport provides direct connectivity to New Delhi, the Capital of India. Government has approved Hindon Airport to operate as civil Terminal. From October 2019 people of Uttarakhand can fly to Pithoragarh from Hindon Airport located in Ghaziabad. Hindon Airport is only 4 km away from East Delhi. The new civil terminal is proposed to operate flights to eight routes, including Nasik, Pithoragarh, Kannur, Hubli, Faizabad, Shimla, Jamnagar and Kalaburgi.

Sports
Indira Gandhi International Sports Stadium is located in Haldwani. The stadium, having a capacity of 25000 people, was inaugurated on 18 December 2016 by Harish Rawat, the then Chief Minister of Uttarakhand. It is spread over an area of 70 acres and has cricket and football grounds, a track for 800-metre race, a hockey field, badminton courts, a lawn tennis court, a boxing ring, and a swimming pool.

Haldwani hosted a state-level football championship, and the first edition of CWE (Continental Wrestling Entertainment) pro-wrestling series, in 2016. Haldwani will be the second city after Delhi in northern India to have more than one international stadium. The Uttarakhand State Football Association has its headquarters in Haldwani.

Media and communications
Haldwani, along with other areas of the Kumaon division, is served by the Almora station of the All India Radio. The first relay centre of Akashwani FM will be set up in Haldwani city on 1,560 sqm of land. The relay centre will broadcast FM radio programmes of the All India Radio round the clock within a range of 70 km. Internet Services are provided by BSNL, Vodafone, Bharti Airtel, Idea Cellular and Reliance jio. Hello Haldwani community radio broadcasts programmes on education, agriculture, health and local traditions from the campus of Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani.

Local attractions
Haldwani is a hidden paradise of Uttarakhand. Here are the best places you can explore in this otherwise undiscovered part of the mountainous state of India:

Kathgodam
In Khari Boli, Kathgodam stands for timber depot. Kathgodam may be a railway station for most tourists traveling on to other destinations, but it has an interesting history. Direct trains from cities such as Delhi, Kolkata, Jammu Tawi, Kanpur and Jaisalmer to Kathgodam provide access to travelers to the Kumaon Himalayas.

title: Haldwani


text:
Quli Qutb Shah

Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk, more often though less correctly referred to in English as Quli Qutb Shah (1485–1543), was the founder of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, which ruled the Sultanate of Golconda in southern India from 1518 to 1687. Of Turkoman origin and born in Persia, he originally served the Bahmani sultan, and was awarded the title Qutb-ul-Mulk (Pillar of the Realm) as military chief; he eventually took control of Golconda.

Background
Originally named Sultan Quli, he was a Shi'i Turkoman from the city of Hamadan in Persia. He was the son of Uways Quli Beg, of the Qara Qoyunlu dynasty, and Maryam Khanum, a daughter of the Hamadan noble Malik Saleh. Through his father, he was descended from the Turkoman ruler Qara Yusuf twice over; his grandparents, Pir Quli Beg and Khadija Begum, were grandchildren of Qara Yusuf's sons Qara Iskander and Jahan Shah respectively.

Sultan Quli had come to South India for the horse trade, and mentioned in SM Kamal's he is belonging to Rowther Horse Traders from Persia. He migrated to Delhi with some of his relatives and friends, including his uncle Allah Quli Beg, in the beginning of the 16th century. Later, he travelled south to Deccan and served the Bahmani sultan. Due to his successful leadership in military conflicts, he received the title "Qutb-ul-Mulk".

Establishing the Qutb Shahi Sultanate
After the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate into the five Deccan sultanates, he declared independence and took the title of Qutb Shah, and established the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda. Even though there is ample evidence that he never proclaimed his kingship. The inscription on his grave itself names him as Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk: "انتقل صاحب هذه الروضة الرضية وهو الملك المغفور

السعيد الشهيد الغازي لوجه الله والمجاهد في سبيل الله الملك سلطان قلي

المخاطب به قطب الملك المشهور به بر ملك انار الله برهانه الى جوار رحمه الله في يوم الاثنين ثاني شهر جمادى الثانية سنة ٩٥٠"

Many historians have misattributed the word 'Sultan' in his name but his whole name just meant 'Servant of the Sultan' just like his Uncle Allah Mulk which meant 'Servant of Allah'.

Extension of the Sultanate
Sultan Quli Qutb Shah was a contemporary of Krishana Deva Raya and his younger brother Achyuta Deva Raya of the Vijayanagara Empire. Sultan Quli extended his rule by capturing forts at Warangal, Kondapalli, Eluru, and Rajamundry, while Krishnadevaraya was fighting the ruler of Odisha. He defeated Sitapati Raju (known as Shitab Khan), the ruler of Khammam, and captured the fort. He forced Jeypore's ruler Vishwanath Dev Gajapati to surrender all the territories between the mouths of Krishna and Godavari rivers. In 1513, Krishnadevaraya commanded Vijayanagar forces against Golconda Sultan Quli Qutb Shah in Pangal. The Vijayanagar army, however, faced defeat, resulting in the capture of the Pangal fort by Golconda forces. Consequently, Raya retreated from the battle.

Death and succession
In 1543, while he was offering his prayers, Sultan Quli Qutb Shah was assassinated by his second son, Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah. Jamsheed Quli also blinded Sultan Quli's eldest son and heir, Qutbuddin, and assumed the throne. His sixth son Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah fled to Vijayanagara. Jamsheed Quli also killed his brother (the third son of Sultan Quli), Abdul Quadeer, who had revolted after their father's death.

title: Quli Qutb Shah


text:
Talk:CFRB

How about a list of hosts, eh?

...ok I did it myself...

"Used for navigation"
I find it hard to believe that pilots are using CFRB, specifically, for navigation, seeing as how CHUM is just a couple km down the shore, on the same road even. 121a0012 21:51, May 30, 2005 (UTC)

political affiliation
"The station, like most talk radio stations, was historically conservative, but has increasingly become one of the most liberal major talk radio stations in North America".

As much as I hate to open up what generally turns out to be a big can 'o' worms...huh??

CFRB has moved somewhat to the left by adding liberal hosts such as John Moore to balance conservative hosts such as Bill Carroll, but I'd describe its position as studiously balanced. The CRTC, after all, technically requires that broadcasters present a balanced viewpoint. Note also that Michael Coren (gasp) is back, which is not exactly going to win them any points with most liberals. -Dhodges 00:54, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

That statement is grossly unclear. What does historically mean ... 1920s? 1930s? 1990s? Needs some kind of reference, as Wikipedia isn't original research. I've deleted until someone can reference it properly, and write it clearly - CFRB only became a talk radio station relatively recently! Nfitz 18:36, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

Building photo at Commons
If it would be appropriate to show the building where the station's studios and offices are located, please add File:2-St-Clair-Ave-W-2010-04-04.jpg. I haven't done so myself because I wasn't sure that it would be appropriate. Eastmain (talk • contribs) 22:31, 4 April 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:CFRB


text:
Tudor bonnet

A Tudor bonnet (also referred to as a doctor's bonnet or round cap) is a traditional soft-crowned, round-brimmed cap, with a tassel hanging from a cord encircling the hat. As the name suggests, the Tudor bonnet was popularly worn in England and elsewhere during Tudor times.

Today the cap is strongly associated with academic tradition. It is typically worn as part of academic dress by the holder of a research or professional doctoral degree or a full higher doctorate. It may also be worn by a person who has been awarded an honorary doctorate. At certain educational establishments the cap distinguishes university officers, such as the esquire bedell, university marshal, the president of the students' union, and members of the university council.

The cap is worn as traditional clothing with gowns and represents suitable headgear especially for livery and burgess guild officers.

Tudor bonnets can be made of velvet or cloth, usually black but sometimes in other colors. The cord and tassel may be in a variety of colors. Gold is common in academic caps, but in Oxford and some other institutions a black ribbon is traditional.

In many North American educational institutions it is usual for holders of doctorates to wear a soft, brimless, tam or traditional mortarboard instead. The biretta also sometimes appears among holders of theology degrees or officers at religious institutions.

title: Tudor bonnet


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Brian Reddy

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. ugen 64 06:48, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Brian Reddy
Probable hoax, no references for article, page created and subsquently blanked by anonymous user --AYArktos 20:14, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * note also that the creator of the article used the same IP address as the creator of the Simon hollingsworth article which has also been nominated for deletion; (134.226.1.136  & see alsoUser_talk:134.226.1.136 with history of blanking out unfavourable comments) . --AYArktos 20:59, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * in further suport of deletion, whether or not a hoax, not notable! The debate as to whether the show and Brian Reddy are real and therefore these articles are a hoax is a red-herring. Notability has not been established; quite the opposite since no-one has heard of or remembered it.--AYArktos 00:13, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Delete Completely fake, probably a hoax from one of a number of major Irish websites. Kiand 20:18, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax. I'd recommend a speedy deletion on nonsense grounds. Fire Star 20:23, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Delete suspicious themes. Djegan 21:52, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax. --Angr/comhrá 04:49, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Delete, hoax, the articles author now has a history of vandalism. Megan1967 06:31, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Delete: completely bogus and dubious Googled reference - Pete C (talk) 14:53, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I must protest, this is my first article that I have written, and is entirely true. I don't understand what the problem is. I'm quite bewildered by all this actually. Thanks, Paul Fitzgerald.
 * Comment: I fixed 4 typos in the article, which looks legitimate, but I'm not familiar with the alleged material (Irish television?), so I don't know whether this is hoax content as alleged. No vote.  Barno 14:42, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

FYI, any address with 134.226 as their starting two quads are computers in Trinity College Dublin. Just because someone else used a PAC (Publicly Accessible Computer) in college to post other articles or blank other's doesn't mean this is false.

 * Sure. Just as someone showing up on here & posting just one comment under an IP address (as you just have) isn't necessarily trolling. :-/ - Pete C (talk) 20:16, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * A reference for the article has now been posted (Devils and angels : television, ideology and the coverage of poverty, Devereux, Eoin (1998), Luton :University of Luton Press/John Libbey Media). The book does appear on the internet, however, whether it mentions Mr Reddy and associated television show would need to be verified.  A copy of the book is not held at my local library (the National Library of Australia) and therefore I cannot verify.  I think this is now a matter for the Irish Wikipedians to comment on - to date  all comments of logged in users have been that they have not heard of Brian Reddy or the show. --AYArktos 22:07, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I just came across this webisit now. The prgram most certainly existed, and I think I should know, Dickie Hickson, the shows host was my father, The house used to be covered in Bolg memoribilia. The show was a huge success, and is relatively well known in Ireland despite what some people have claimed above. I wonder whether or not they are hoaxing you, as I think I can confirm fairly convincingly it exists.

Thanks for your time, and I urge you to vote to save this important site. Joe Hickson.

 * * Dude, you're scamming - plain and simple. You're also the same person that AYArktos referred to earlier - I just checked the edit history on this page. Anyone any doubts, look at the User_talk:134.226.1.136 and its edit history for this anonymous user (who now calls himself Joe Hickson). Nope - not buying it. Bogus all the way. Oh, and you've been messing about with  this page - Pete C (talk)  18:00, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh, please! Now Brian Reddy was apparently a "raging homosexual", according to the latest edit by 134.226.1.136. Candidate for Speedy_deletions - Pete C (talk)  15:35, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * And now this page by the same idiot. Someone block this moron. - Pete C (talk)  15:35, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete hoax created by a bored student of Trinity College in Dublin. He also created a few others, such as Paul Brennan, which got speedied as patent nonsense. Lupo 16:02, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I got Reddyb speedied already today. Same IP address - Pete C (talk) 16:11, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I am an academic of Trinity College, and despite my IP address (I am on the college network) am of no connection to any of my fellow contributors from Trinity. I am a 51 yr old professor of medicinal chemistry, and thus old enough to be in the 'Bolg' generation. I can confirm to you unequivocally that the programme did exist. Although, I must say I am not quite sure where the Cold War analogy comes from. Overall, however, a wonderful addition to this great encyclopaedic reference. I hope to research, and add more to this article in the future. Please retain it.

 * Regardless of whether your statement above is true or not, shouldn't you be posting with your own account rather than using a so-called communal Trinners IP addr, especially one as tainted as it is right now? Furthermore, the Reddy article is still bogus, IMHO. Just like the Reddyb one you posted yesterday that got speedied. In short; give up - the game's over - Pete C (talk) 17:01, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I am unaware of any such Reddyb article, how dare you accuse me of creating such

 * Your IP address most certainly did! If you want to dissociate yourself with that IP, then get yourself a username, as suggested, otherwise people such as me will continue to make "mistakes" like this. At the very least, you should sign and date your comments, as has also been suggested. I still cannot believe Trinners is so restricted in IP ranges that the entire college - professors 'n' all - have to NAT through the one IP addr - Pete C (talk) 17:24, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Styg

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 02:45, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Styg
An article about St. Theresa's Youth Group, a youth group at an English church. I'm sure they do good work, but this isn't the sort of thing that goes in Wikipedia--see What Wikipedia is not. Things need to have some sort of claim to fame. Meelar (talk) 20:13, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * A question (not a vote): what part of What Wikipedia is not says that "things have to have some sort of claim to fame"? I'm afraid I haven't time to read it all, but would be interested to see the boundaries of this guideline. Lupin 22:14, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * See the sections "not a memorial" ("Subjects of encyclopedia articles must have a claim to fame"), "not a general knowledge base", and "not self-promotion". Best, Meelar (talk) 23:30, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * Agree with Meelar, delete. Thue | talk 20:14, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Promotion, not notable so on, delete. Feydey 20:37, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I do not agree with Meelar. Feel it is a worthwhile article keep. Benkov 21:04, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * (This is Benkov's first edit) Dave the Red (talk) 03:43, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and wish they hadn't also created the identical content at STYG. —Wahoofive | Talk 21:16, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Abreviation of a non-notable youth group. Dave the Red (talk) 22:28, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. At a bare minimum it should have been a redirect to STYG anyway. Dang, and I thought this would be a brain of stig vanity article ... linas 06:14, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, promo. Megan1967 06:33, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Styg


text:
Glynn R. Donaho

Glynn Robert Donaho (March 25, 1905 – May 26, 1986), nicknamed "Donc", was a United States Navy officer known principally for his exploits as a submarine commander during World War II, for which he received the Navy Cross four times, the Silver Star twice, and the Bronze Star Medal.

Early life
Donaho was born in George, Texas. He entered United States Naval Academy on July 10, 1923 and graduated in 1927. He was commissioned Ensign, upon graduation.

Military career
Donaho's first assignment was aboard the battleship USS California (BB-44) from July 1927 to May 1930, followed by Submarine training at the Submarine Training School at Naval Submarine Base New London, Connecticut, from June to December 1930.

Donaho served as Navigator aboard the submarine USS S-12 (SS-117) from December 1930 to March 1933, and then as Navigator aboard the submarine USS R-3 (SS-80) from March 1933 to August 1934. His next assignment was as Navigator aboard the submarine USS R-13 (SS-90). from August 1934 to June 1935, followed by Naval Postgraduate School at the United States Naval Academy from June 1935 to May 1937. Donaho served on the Staff of the Commander, Submarine Squadron 4 from June 1937 to May 1940, and then as Executive Officer aboard the submarine USS R-14 (SS-91) from May 1940 to November 1941.

World War II
Donaho became Commanding Officer of the submarine USS Flying Fish (SS-229) during her fitting out in November 1941. He led the submarine in five war patrols in the Pacific during World War II and sunk four vessels totaling 28,000 tons, and damaging two others totaling 12,620 tons. He was promoted to lieutenant commander at the beginning of 1942 and to commander in September of that year.

In 1944, Donaho commanded Submarine Division 222 as well as the submarine USS Picuda (SS-382), during her third war patrol. He had contributed materially to the success of 18 war patrols, which resulted in the destruction of approximately 280,000 tons of enemy shipping and the damaging of an additional 80,000 tons. He again served with the Commander of Submarine Division 222 from October 1944 to May 1945, and then as Operations Officer with the Commander of Battleship Squadron 1 from May to October 1945.

Post war
After the war, Donaho testified as a witness at the court martial of Captain Charles Butler McVay III, commander of the USS Indianapolis (CA-35). Although he was called as a prosecution witness, Donaho's testimony was actually helpful to McVay. Both Donaho and Mochitsura Hashimoto, the commander of I-58, the Japanese submarine that sank the Indianapolis, testified that zigzagging would not have saved the Indianapolis.

Donaho was the Director of the Recruiting Division in the Bureau of Naval Personnel in Washington, D.C., from October 1945 to May 1948, followed by service as the Commander of Submarine Squadron 3 from May 1948 to June 1950. Donaho served as Assistant for United Nations Matters in the International Affairs Division in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations from June to August 1950, followed by National War College from August 1950 to June 1951.

Donaho's next assignment was as Head of the Foreign Military Aid Branch with the International Affairs Division in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations from June 1951 to July 1953, and then as Commander of Destroyer Squadron 17 from July 1953 to January 1955. He served as Chief of Staff and Aide to the Commander of United States Seventh Fleet from January to December 1955, followed by service as Commander of United States Naval Base Subic Bay in the Philippines from December 1955 to August 1957. Donaho was promoted to rear admiral in 1957.

Donaho served as the Commander of Destroyer Flotilla 3 from August 1957 to September 1958, and then as Director of the Logistics Plans Division in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations from September 1958 to September 1959. His next assignment was as Director of Naval Administration from September 1959 to September 1962, followed by service as Naval Inspector General from September 1962 to July 1964, during this time he was promoted to vice admiral in 1963. His final assignment was as Commander of the Military Sea Transportation Service from July 1964 until his retirement from the Navy on April 1, 1967.

Later life
After his retirement from navy, Donaho lived in Washington D.C. and McLean, Virginia until 1978, before moving to Sierra Vista, Arizona.

Donaho died in Sierra Vista, Arizona, on May 26, 1986, due to pneumonia and heart ailment. In accordance to his wishes, he was cremated and his ashes were scattered over the Pacific Ocean from the fantail of a United States Navy submarine.

First Navy Cross citation
His official first Navy Cross citation reads:

 * Action Date: August 15 – September 15, 1942
 * Name: Glynn Robert Donaho
 * Service: Navy
 * Rank: Lieutenant Commander
 * Company: Commanding Officer
 * Division: U.S.S. Flying Fish (SS-229)
 * Citation: The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Lieutenant Commander Glynn Robert Donaho (NSN: 0-61092/1100), United States Navy, for extraordinary heroism and courageous devotion to duty in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. FLYING FISH (SS-229), on the SECOND War Patrol of that submarine during the period 15 August 1942 to 15 September 1942, in action with enemy Japanese naval forces in the Pacific War Area. Upon sighting a KONGO Class enemy battleship heavily screened by air and surface craft, Lieutenant Commander Donaho daringly maneuvered his ship to penetrate the enemy screen. In a bold, determined attack, he scored two direct hits, sinking an enemy patrol vessel and severely damaging the battleship which was observed to be burning fiercely one hour and fifty-three minutes later when the FLYING FISH returned to periscope depth after being driven deep by heavy enemy counter-offensive. The courage and skill displayed by Lieutenant Commander Donaho and the exemplary fighting spirit of his command were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.

Second Navy Cross citation
His official second Navy Cross citation reads:

 * Action Date: October 27 – December 16, 1942
 * Name: Glynn Robert Donaho
 * Service: Navy
 * Rank: Lieutenant Commander
 * Company: Commanding Officer
 * Division: U.S.S. Flying Fish (SS-229)
 * Citation: The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting a Gold Star in lieu of a Second Award of the Navy Cross to Lieutenant Commander Glynn Robert Donaho (NSN: 0-61092/1100), United States Navy, for extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. FLYING FISH (SS-229), on the THIRD War Patrol of that submarine during the period 27 October 1942 to 16 December 1942, in enemy controlled waters of the Solomon Islands. With skillful maneuvering and outstanding seamanship, Lieutenant Commander Donaho, despite the great mental and physical strain caused by long patrols in enemy waters, relentlessly pressed home his attacks. Defying the ever-present danger of anti-submarine measures, the men under his command on the FLYING FISH directed their torpedo fire with such accuracy that two enemy destroyers were sunk, while their own ship came through unscathed. Lieutenant Commander Donaho's courageous devotion to duty and intrepid fighting spirit reflect great credit upon himself, his command, and the United States Naval Service.

Third Navy Cross citation
His official third Navy Cross citation reads:

 * General Orders: Commander in Chief Pacific: Serial 01227
 * Action Date: January 5 – February 28, 1943
 * Name: Glynn Robert Donaho
 * Service: Navy
 * Rank: Lieutenant Commander
 * Company: Commanding Officer
 * Division: U.S.S. Flying Fish (SS-229)
 * Citation: The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting a Second Gold Star in lieu of a Third Award of the Navy Cross to Lieutenant Commander Glynn Robert Donaho (NSN: 0-61092/1100), United States Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. FLYING FISH (SS-229), on its FOURTH War Patrol in the Pacific, patrolling the waters of the Marianas Islands from 5 January 1943 to 28 February 1943. Skillfully maneuvering his ship within striking distance of the enemy, Commander Donaho made repeated torpedo attacks against Japanese shipping, sinking four vessels totaling 28,000 tons, and damaging two others totaling 12,620 tons. Despite vicious and determined countermeasures, he and his gallant men brought the FLYING FISH through these actions with only minor damage and without personnel casualties. Commander Donaho's able and fearless leadership and aggressive fighting spirit were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.

Fourth Navy Cross citation
His official fourth Navy Cross citation reads:

 * General Orders: Pacific Fleet Board Awards: Serial 80 (January 5, 1945)
 * Action Date: July 23 – October 3, 1944
 * Name: Glynn Robert Donaho
 * Service: Navy
 * Rank: Captain
 * Company: Commanding Officer
 * Division: U.S.S. Picuda (SS-382)
 * Citation: The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting a Third Gold Star in lieu of a Fourth Award of the Navy Cross to Captain [then Commander] Glynn Robert Donaho (NSN: 0-61092/1100), United States Navy, for extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. PICUDA (SS-382), on the THIRD War Patrol of that submarine during the period 23 July 1944 to 3 October 1944, and as Commander of the ELEVENTH Coordinated Attack Group of Submarines. Despite strong air and surface escort screens maintained around enemy shipping, Captain Donaho launched well planned and aggressive torpedo attacks which resulted in the sinking of five enemy freighters totaling 20,000 tons, and in the infliction of severe damage on a large 10,000-ton Japanese transport. In addition, he planned the actions of the attack group which sank sixteen enemy ships totaling 93,500 tons and damaged six other enemy ships totaling 49,000 tons and, escaping severe enemy countermeasures, brought his ship back to port. His professional skill and devotion to duty were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.

title: Glynn R. Donaho


text: User talk:69.151.59.50

title: User talk:69.151.59.50


text:
User talk:Monty Vierra

Great discussion on Altaic languages! It would be great if you could put some of this info into the article. Incidentally, welcome to Wikipedia. - Mustafaa 20:14, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Monty Vierra


text:
Isca Dumnoniorum

Isca Dumnoniorum, also known simply as Isca, was originally a Roman legionary fortress for the Second Augustan Legion (established c. AD 55) in the Roman province of Britannia at the site of present-day Exeter in Devon.

The town grew up around this fortress and served as the tribal capital of the Dumnonians under and after the Romans. The city walls of Exeter (some 70% of which survive) mark the former perimeter of Isca.

Name
The name Isca Dumnoniorum is a Latinization of a native Brittonic name describing flowing water, in reference to the River Exe. More exactly, the name seems to have originally meant "full of fish" (cf. Welsh pysg, pl. "fish"), although it came to be a simple synonym for water (cf. Scottish whisky). This is also reflected in the modern Welsh name for Exeter: Caerwysg meaning "fortified settlement on the river Uisc". The same name was used for the River Usk (modern Afon Wysg) in southern Wales, causing the settlement there (modern Caerleon) to be distinguished as Isca Augusta, while the Devonian Isca was called Isca Dumnoniorum: Usk of the Dumnonians.

Prehistoric
Exeter began as settlements on a dry ridge ending in a spur overlooking a navigable river teeming with fish, with fertile land nearby. Although there have been no major prehistoric finds, these advantages suggest the site was occupied early. Coins had been discovered from the Hellenistic kingdoms, suggesting the existence of a settlement trading with the Mediterranean as early as 250 BC. This is disputed however by Prof T P Wiseman who alleges the hoard was not genuine.

Roman

 * Fortress

Following their initial invasions, the Romans established a 42 acre 'playing-card' shaped fort (castrum) at the site around AD 55. It was the base of the 5 000-strong Second Augustan Legion (Legio II Augusta) for the next 20 years before they moved to Isca Augusta (modern Caerleon in Wales). Both Iscas were also home to their families as settlements are thought to have grown up outside the fortress gates, especially to the north-east.

Buildings within the fortress, such as barracks, granaries, and workshop (fabrica), were timber structures, the post-trenches of which were excavated in the 1970s in advance of the Guildhall shopping centre development. The only known building in the fortress not of timber was a stone-built military bathhouse. The water for the bathhouse was supplied by a natural spring via an aqueduct which entered the fortress through the rear gate (porta decumana). The excavations revealed the hot room (caldarium) and part of the warm room (tepidarium). The bathhouse was also supplied with an external exercise yard (palaestra), one corner of which was a cockfighting pit.

The legion had formed part of the Claudian invasion of Britain in AD 43, under the command of the future emperor Vespasian. Vespasian led campaigns against both the Durotriges and Dumnonii. The presence of the legion at Exeter is supported by the discovery of a dolphin antefix (roof fitting) from levels within the military bathhouse dated to about AD 60. The antefix appears to have been created from the same mould as an example from the legionary fortress at Caerleon—where the legion is known to have been stationed from around AD 75. (The legion had previously suffered a defeat to the Silures of southern Wales in the year 52.) The legions of Britain were rearranged after Suetonius Paulinus's victory against the Boudiccan rebellion.

There was a small subsidiary fort at Topsham. A supply depot along the line between the Isca fortress and Topsham was excavated at the former St Loyes college site on Topsham Road in 2010. Initial dating suggests that it was occupied at the same time as the Isca fortress, c. 55–75. Another Roman fort was discovered in 2019 under the coach station near Bampfylde Street.

 * Settlement

The settlement (canabae) of Isca Dumnoniorum seems to have developed around the Roman fortress. It is one of the four cities (poleis) attributed to the Dumnonii by Claudius Ptolemy in his 2nd-century Geography and it served as the tribal capital (civitas) of the Dumnonii. It was also listed on the late-2nd century Antonine Itinerary, where it forms the southern terminus of route 15 (Iter XV) on the Fosse Way, and on the 7th-century Ravenna Cosmography, where it appears as the apparently confused entry of Scadu Namorum.

The fortress was given up around AD 75 and shortly afterwards its grounds were converted to civilian purposes. The military baths were too large for the local population and were largely demolished, although parts were incorporated into the forum and basilica built on the site. A smaller bathhouse was then built to the southeast. In the late 2nd century, the ditch and rampart defences around the fortress were replaced by a bank and wall enclosing a much larger area, some 92 acres (37 ha). There is evidence of copper and bronze working. A possible stock-yard has also been identified and Isca was clearly a key market for livestock, crops, and pottery produced in the surrounding countryside. The importance of Isca as a trading centre is demonstrated by the discovery of more than a thousand Roman coins around the city. However, the dates of these coins suggest that the city was at its most prosperous in the first half of the 4th century; virtually no coins dated after AD 380 have been found, suggesting a rapid decline.

Medieval
Bishop Ussher identified the Cair Pensa vel Coyt listed among the 28 cities of Britain by the History of the Britons as Isca, although Ford read it as a reference to Penselwood and thought it more likely to be Lindinis (modern Ilchester). Isca was also known to the British as Caer Uisc but, after the Roman withdrawal from Britain around 410, there is very little evidence of habitation in Exeter for almost 300 years except for the remains of a building (possibly a church) in the area of the demolished forum and a few nearby graves dated to the 5th, 6th, and 7th centuries. After this, the historical record picks up again around 680 with a document that reporting that St Boniface was educated at the abbey in Exeter.

Remains
Much of the Roman wall survives as the lower courses or inner core of the medieval city walls, 70% of which still exist, largely built on the orders of Alfred the Great to protect the far west of his kingdom following the Viking occupation of 876. The legionary bath complex was excavated in the 1970s, but because of its proximity to the cathedral it was not practicable to retain the excavation for public view. Artifacts from the excavation, however, are displayed with other discoveries at the city's Royal Albert Memorial Museum.

title: Isca Dumnoniorum


text:
North Korea at the 1980 Summer Olympics

North Korea competed as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR.

Silver

 * Se-Hong Jang — Wrestling, men's freestyle light flyweight
 * Ho-Pyong Li — Wrestling, men's freestyle bantamweight
 * Bong-Chol Ho — Weightlifting, men's flyweight

Bronze

 * Ri Byong-uk — Boxing, men's light flyweight
 * Gyong-Si Han — Weightlifting, men's flyweight

Archery
1980 was the second time that North Korea competed in archery in the Olympics. Two women and one man competed.

Women's Individual Competition:
 * O Gwang-sun — 2401 points (→ 5th place)
 * Sok Chang-suk — 2269 points (→ 17th place)

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Kim Gye-Yong — 2331 points (→ 22nd place)

Athletics
Men's Marathon
 * Chun Son-Koh
 * Final — 2:20:08 (→ 27th place)

 * Jong Hyong-Li
 * Final — 2:21:10 (→ 29th place)

 * Chang Sop-Choe
 * Final — 2:22:42 (→ 33rd place)

Boxing
Men's Light Flyweight (48 kg)
 * Li Byong-Uk → Bronze Medal
 * First Round — Defeated Henryk Pielesiak (Poland) on points (3-2)
 * Second Round — Defeated Gilberto Sosa (Mexico) on points (3-2)
 * Quarter Finals — Defeated Dumitru Şchiopu (Romania) on points (4-1)
 * Semi Finals — Lost to Shamil Sabirov (Soviet Union) on points (0-5)

Men's Flyweight (51 kg)
 * Yo Ryon-Sik
 * First Round — Defeated Amala Dass (India) on points (5-0)
 * Second Round — Defeated Ramon Armando Guevara (Venezuela) on points (4-1)
 * Quarter Finals — Lost to Hugh Russell (Ireland) on points (2-3)

Men's Featherweight (57 kg)
 * Gu Yong-ju
 * First Round — Bye
 * Second Round — Lost to Krzysztof Kosedowski (Poland) on points (0-5)

Men's Lightweight (60 kg)
 * Jong Jo-Ung
 * First Round — Defeated Rabani Ghulam (Afghanistan) after referee stopped contest in second round
 * Second Round — Lost to Viktor Demyanenko (Soviet Union) on points (0-5)

Men's Light-Welterweight (63,5 kg)
 * Ryu Bun-Hwa
 * First Round — Defeated Bishnu Malakar (Nepal) after referee stopped contest in first round
 * Second Round — Lost to José Aguilar (Cuba) on points (1-4)

Gymnastics
11 athletes have participated.
 * Cho Hun
 * Choe Jong-Sil
 * Choe Myong-Hui
 * Han Gwang-Song
 * Kang Gwang-Song
 * Kim Chun-Son
 * Kim Gwang-Jin
 * Li Su-Gil
 * Lo Ok-Sil
 * Sin-Myong-Ok
 * Song Sun-Bong

Judo
4 male athletes have participated.
 * Kim Byong-Gun
 * Kim Myong-Gyu
 * Ko Hyong
 * Pak Jong-Chol

Wrestling
Men's freestyle 48 kg
 * Jang Se-hong
 * First Round — Defeated Gombyn Khishigbaatar (MGL), 7:43 (won by fall)
 * Second Round — Defeated Mohammed Jabbar (IRQ), 2:41 (won by fall)
 * Third Round — Defeated Mohammad Aktar (AFG), 8:30 (won by fall)
 * Fourth Round — Lost to Claudio Pollio (ITA), 7:12 (won by passivity)
 * Fifth Round — Defeated Jan Falandys (POL), 8 - 13
 * Final
 * Lost to Claudio Pollio (ITA), 7:12 (won by passivity)
 * Defeated Sergey Kornilayev (URS), 7:23 (won by fall) → Med_2.png Silver Medal

Men's freestyle 52 kg
 * Jang Dok-ryong
 * First Round — Lost to Ashok Kumar (IND), 7 - 12
 * Second Round — Defeated Mark Dunbar (GBR), 2 - 37
 * Third Round — Defeated Mohammad Aynutdin (AFG), 6:28 (won by fall)
 * Fourth Round — Lost to Nermedin Selimov (BUL), 16 - 6 → 5th place

Men's freestyle 57 kg
 * Li Ho-pyong
 * First Round — Defeated Cris Brown (AUS), 7:41 (won by fall)
 * Second Round — Defeated Amrik Singh Gill (GBR), 5:03 (won by passivity)
 * Third Round — Defeated Wiesław Kończak (POL), 9 - 5
 * Fourth Round — Defeated Aurel Neagu (ROU), 3 - 10
 * Fifth Round — Lost to Sergei Beloglazov (URS), 1:12 (won by fall)
 * Final
 * Lost to Sergei Beloglazov (URS), 1:12 (won by fall)
 * Tied with Dugarsürengiin Oyuunbold (MGL), 7 - 7 → Med_2.png Silver Medal

title: North Korea at the 1980 Summer Olympics


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of antichrists

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 02:45, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

List of antichrists
What's wrong with people? Here's another antichrist: 205.188.116.69. Delete. Feydey 20:15, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * On the basis of the article as it stands, I'd have to vote delete. Deb 20:24, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh dear. Delete original research, at least... Fire Star 20:25, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Mistitled, should've been at List of possible antichrists, but it should be deleted anyway as original research without references. Mgm|(talk) 21:14, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete There shouldn't an article about list of "antichrists" or "possible antichrists" which are mostly opinion. --Anonymous Cow 21:24, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete ASAP. I don't see why this needed to break out from antichrist at all. Slac speak up!  21:44, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Delete. Original research and libelous. Dave the Red (talk) 22:12, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * If names are corroborated (unlikely), it could be merged with Antichrist or moved to List of people accused of being the Antichrist. But probably a delete unless sourced. Meelar (talk) 23:26, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete POV nonsense. RickK 23:34, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge anything NPOV with AntiChrist, then delete. -- 8^D gab 01:13, 2005 Apr 7 (UTC)
 * Delete. I took the liberty of adding this article to BJAODN. (Well, I found the article's title funny anyway!). -- Brhaspati (talkcontribs) 02:10, 2005 Apr 7 (UTC)
 * Delete. Potentially libelous nonsense. --Angr/comhrá 04:50, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, POV nonsense. Megan1967 06:34, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Awful. What else can I say? delete. User:Ekimdrachir 00:37, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. POV advocacy (unless it is a bad joke). Besides, list of incumbents and potentates not accused to being an antichrist in one stage or another by someone would be rather short - Skysmith 07:33, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, make it a redir to Antichrist. Radiant_* 08:45, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unverifiable, arguably libelous, and I agree with Skysmith about frequency of this POV accusation. I'm not surprised that GWB and Hillary were listed, but the inclusion of Goatse Man amused me.  I don't see a need for a redirect under this title or for a BJAODN presence.  Barno 14:48, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment with respect to those concerned about libel, in the U.S. the First Amendment protects folks from being sued for libel for expressing religious opinions. I can stand on the street corner all day long saying John Smith is a sinner in the eyes of my God, and is condemned to eternity in Hell, and so forth, and there's no law that can touch me for it, because I'm expressing an article of faith, not a statement of earthbound fact. -- 8^D gab 19:44, 2005 Apr 9 (UTC)
 * Delete as currently stands on basis of POV. The fact someone added Goatse Man suggests this is either a joke article or a vandalism magnet. An interesting article on the criteria for being considered an antichrist might be worth having, assuming the sources remain historical and NPOV. 23skidoo 19:36, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this nonsense. Everyone knows that to predict the antichrist is to jinx that prediction, and I'm looking forward to his appearance so I can get off this crazy rock. --Asriel86 23:20, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Way, way POV. Bratschetalk 04:03, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as it stands now. Dispensationalist mythology tends to generate all sorts of candidates.  The vehement rhetoric of the Protestant Reformation generated another gob of 'em.  There might be one or two good lists or articles in there.  Without more indication why anyone included is there, this list is not particularly helpful.  -- Smerdis of Tlön 16:02, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Flag of Curaçao

The national flag of Curaçao represents the country of Curaçao as well as the island area within the Netherlands Antilles from 1984 until its dissolution in 2010.

The flag is a blue field with a horizontal yellow stripe slightly below the midline and two white, five-pointed stars in the canton. The blue symbolises the sea and sky (the bottom and top blue sections, respectively), divided by a yellow stroke representing the bright sun which bathes the island. The two stars represent Curaçao and Klein Curaçao, with the five points on each star symbolise the five continents from which Curaçao's people descend.

The horizontal stripes have a ratio of 5:1:2 (blue:yellow:blue). The stars have diameters $1/6$ and $2/9$ of the flag height. The centre of the smaller one is $1/6$ the flag height from the left and top edges, and the centre of the larger is $1/3$ from the left and top edges. The blue is Pantone 280, and the yellow, Pantone 102.

After Aruba's adoption of its own flag (while still part of the Netherlands Antilles), Curaçao received approval for a flag in 1979. Two thousand designs were submitted to a special council; ten were shortlisted, and the council decided on 29 November 1982. With some modifications, the flag was adopted on 2 July 1984.

title: Flag of Curaçao


text:
Talk:Vinegar/Vinegar drunkness

' NOTE: In the U.S., vinegar is limited to 5% acetic acid. Not so everywhere. Acetic acid is poisionous in large doses and is responsible for many accidental deaths among children and by suicides. '
 * [ http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC32883 Acetic Acid]
 * Acute oral acetic acid poisoning--case report

Vinegar Drunkness is a form of intoxication, similar to alcohol intoxication, caused by the excess consumption of vinegar or acetic acid. Besides symptoms of intoxication, other symptoms include diarrea, sleepiness, and unusual hunger. Vinegar is sometimes used as a substitute for alcohol in underage people.

USDA website indicates that its vinegar acidity limit is a minimum 5%.

title: Talk:Vinegar/Vinegar drunkness


text:
Vinohrady

Vinohrady (until 1960 Královské Vinohrady, in English literally "Royal Vineyards" Königliche Weinberge) is a cadastral district in Prague. It is so named because the area was once covered in vineyards dating from the 14th century. Vinohrady lies in the municipal and administrative districts of Prague 2 (west part), Prague 3 (north-east part) and Prague 10 (south-east part), little parts also of Prague 1 (Prague State Opera and Federal Assembly of Czechoslovakia) and Prague 4 (near Nusle).

Between 1788–1867 it was called Viničné Hory (Vineyard Mountains). From 1867 to 1968 it was called Královské Vinohrady ("Royal Vineyards"). In 1875, Královské Vinohrady was divided into two parts, Královské Vinohrady I and Královské Vinohrady II, the part I was renamed to Žižkov and the part II to Královské Vinohrady in 1877. In 1922 Královské Vinohrady was made part of Prague as district XII. In 1949, the west part was conjoined with Prague 2 and the east part remain separate district Prague 12. In 1960, where Prague division was reduced from 16 to 10 administrative districts, the north part of Prague 12 was conjoined with Žižkov into Prague 3 and the south part was joined to Prague 10. Local patriots say that the real reason was that Královské Vinohrady was known as a "bourgeois" district and thus politically unreliable for the then-ruling Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.

The historic part of Prague Main Railway Station (open 1871 as Franz Joseph I Station) is situated at the margin of Vinohrady. City Electric Tramway of Královské Vinohrady (1897) were a base of the Prague net of municipal electric tramway.

Description
The main east-west avenue of Vinohrady is Vinohradská Avenue leading from Wenceslas Square to Žižkov and Strašnice. Along this street stand headquarter building of Czech Radio, old Vinohrady Market Hall and Vinohrady Water Tower and several stations of Prague Metro Line A (Náměstí Míru, Jiřího z Poděbrad, Flora, Želivského). Parallel to Vinohradská street, there is Slezská street, Korunní street (from Peace Square to Flora) and Francouzská street (from Peace Square to Vršovice]. In the east part of Vinohrady near Strašnice are situated the large Královské Vinohrady Teaching Hospital and Vinohrady Cemeteries.

In the south-north direction, Legerova street as a part of North-South Artery leads at the west margin of Vinohrady, which is a boundary of New Town, along C metro line from Nusle Bridge to the main railway station (Praha hlavní nádraží). Next south-north streets (Bělehradská with Tyl's Square, Italská and many others) are narrower and surmount broken relief crosswise valleys.

The main square of west Vinohrady is "náměstí Míru" (Peace Square) with Prague 2 town hall, Vinohrady Theatre, Gothic Revival Saint Ludmila Church (Josef Mocker, 1892) and a station of A metro line. In the central part of Vinohrady near Vinohradská street, there lies "náměstí Jiřího z Poděbrad" (George of Poděbrady Square) with a modern "Church of the Most Sacred Heart of Our Lord" by Jože Plečnik built in 1932. In Vinohrady is also situated center of the Czech gay scene, including a number of gay-friendly bars.

Famous Czech artists such as Jakub Schikaneder, Otto Gutfreund, Hugo Boettinger and Karel Špillar are buried in Vinohrady Cemetery.

Parks
There are several parks in Vinohrady. Havlíčkovy sady (Havlíček's Orchards) is Prague's second-largest park. Villa Gröbe served as summerhouse of the nobility, it is inspired by Italian Renaissance suburban villas and is surrounded by vineyards still in production, founded by Charles IV in the second half of the 14th century. The vineyards and the house deteriorated towards the end of the 20th century, but were renewed. The vineyards now have an area of 1.7 ha and annually produce 4000 liters of wine. There are grown varieties of Müller Thurgau, Rhine Riesling, Dornfelder, Pinot Gris and Pinot Noir, and since 1997 there are annual "Vinohrady vintage celebrations", usually in September.

In the north-west part of Vinohrady, near Italská street, are the Riegrovy sady (Rieger's Orchards) with a great view over Prague, Vinohrady Sokol House and a large beer garden. Folimanka Park is situated at the Vinohrady side of Nusle Valley under the large Nusle Bridge. Smaller parks are situated in central Vinohrady: sady Svatopluka Čecha (Svatopluk Čech's Orchards) near Vinohradská street, Bezručovy sady (Petr Bezruč's Orchards) between Slezská and Francouzská street and parks at all main Vinohrady squares.

title: Vinohrady


text:
Bryan Davies, Baron Davies of Oldham

Bryan Davies, Baron Davies of Oldham, PC (born 9 November 1939) is a Labour politician and former member of the House of Commons and House of Lords. He served as Government Deputy Chief Whip in the House of Lords from 2003 to 2010, and as usual for a holder of that position, also held the position of Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard.

Early life and education
He was educated at Redditch County High School, Worcestershire, at University College London, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in history 1961, the Institute of Education (PGCE 1962) and at the London School of Economics, graduating with a Bachelor of Science in economics in 1968.

He worked as a history teacher at The Latymer School from 1962 to 1965 and as a history and social science lecturer at Middlesex Polytechnic, Enfield from 1965 to 1974, during which time he served as a trade union official in the National Association for Teachers in Further and Higher Education (NATFHE). He has been a member of the Transport and General Workers Union since 1979.

Political career
He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Enfield North from February 1974 until he lost the seat in 1979 to the Conservative Tim Eggar. Davies later served as MP for Oldham Central and Royton from 1992 until the seat was abolished by boundary changes in 1997. He was defeated for the Labour selection in the new constituency of Oldham West and Royton by Michael Meacher (then incumbent MP for the old seat of Oldham West). He had also fought Central Norfolk in 1966 and Newport West in 1983.

On 3 October 1997 Davies was created a life peer as Baron Davies of Oldham, of Broxbourne in the County of Hertfordshire.

He served as Secretary to the Parliamentary Labour Party and Shadow Cabinet from 1979 until 1992. He also served as a member of the Medical Research Council from 1977 to 1979 and chaired the Further Education Funding Council from 1998 until 2000. In 2006, he was appointed to the Privy Council.

Davies ceased to be a member of the House of Lords on 9 July 2024 under the House of Lords Reform Act 2014 because of non-attendance in the preceding session of Parliament.

title: Bryan Davies, Baron Davies of Oldham


text:
Law of the case

The law of the case is a legal term of art that is applicable mainly in common law, or Anglo-American, jurisdictions that recognize the related doctrine of stare decisis. The phrase refers to instances where "rulings made by a trial court and not challenged on appeal become the law of the case." "Unless the trial court's rulings were clearly in error or there has been an important change in circumstances, the court's prior rulings must stand." Usually the situation occurs when either a case is on appeal for the second time—e.g. if the reviewing court remanded the matter to the trial court and the party appeals again or if the case was appealed in a higher appellate court—for example, from an appellate court to the highest court.

As generally used, "law of the case" states that, if an appellate court has passed on a legal question and remanded the case to the court below for further proceedings, the legal question thus determined by the appellate court will not be differently determined on a subsequent appeal in the same case where the facts remain the same.

The doctrine provides that an appellate court's determination on a legal issue is binding on both the trial court on remand and on the appellate court on a subsequent appeal given the same case and substantially the same facts.

The "law of the case" doctrine, however, is one of policy only and will be disregarded when compelling circumstances call for a redetermination of a point of law on prior appeal. This is particularly true where an intervening or a contemporaneous change in law has occurred where former decisions have been overruled or new precedent has been established by controlling authority.

The "law of the case" doctrine precludes reconsideration of a previously decided issue unless one of three "exceptional circumstances" exists: (1) when substantially different evidence is raised at a subsequent trial, (2) when a subsequent contrary view of the law is decided by the controlling authority, or (3) when a decision is clearly erroneous and would result in a manifest injustice.

title: Law of the case


text:
User talk:Orimosenzon

Hi Ori
Following our talk to the train station, I finally went out and created my own web and filled it with google adsense. What do you know - I earned a dollar the first day.

talk to you later! ps. took me the entire weekend. Lots of work, and it ai'nt done yet. Especially the mountain biking section

Ido
hi, feel free to add anything here.
 * Ori

Obtaining a puzzle

 * Where did you get the five pillars puzzle? Leon math 22:16, 7 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi!
 * If you mean, how to obtain the game itself, it is generally sold in the streets corners - by those guys who sell riddles. If you mean, the code - I've written it (and I should make it clearer). Please see my answer in the article talk page.Ori[[image:orimosenzon-signature.png|25px]] 22:48, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

Heya ...
Good to see your here.

Your smilies are hard to miss.

What software do you use for the internal Intel wiki? MediaWiki or something else? --Amir E. Aharoni 11:24, 16 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Hi!
 * So nice to meet you again, after such a long time. Still messing with that Scientology article, aren't you? my signature is hard to miss? I wonder how you did notice it, as my activity here is very low.
 * Yes, we use MediaWiki in Intel. I'm still amazed by the potential of a Wiki system inside an organization. The only thing that is missing is a per-page access control mechanism which is easy to maintain. Some see this as going against the wiki philosophy but I disagree (like Gnu/Unix file access control (chmod) doesn't contradict being free software). See you around.. Ori[[image:orimosenzon-signature.png|25px]] 19:59, 16 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I noticed you at Talk:Perl. Now go check your email. --Amir E. Aharoni 11:06, 17 January 2007 (UTC)
 * ... And yes, i mess with the Scientology article. It became much better since the big edit war a year ago ... I'll make it a featured article one day. --Amir E. Aharoni 11:07, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

Final retirement?
Hi Ori,

I left you a message in your Hebrew discussion page but apparently you don't visit it anymore. I've read much of your stuff in the Hebrew Wikipedia and was wondering - are you planning on making a comeback anytime in the future? Yavhush 20:41, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Two messages from the Hebrew Wikipedia in the same day? that can't be a coincidence(and guess what - it isn't..good old A.A.A.Aharoni... of course I'm not angry).
 * Well, Yavhush (I like this name), regarding your question, I am not sure. I must admit that I miss the Hebrew Wikipedia very much but something still holds from returning. I didn't leave HeWikipedia because I wanted to make a threat like "if you don't behave like I think you should, I'll leave". I left because I came to a conclusion that the social norms are too different from the original ideas of wikipedia and the free culture. I am not sure whether this is the case today. I hope not. I would love to come back to a Hebrew Wikipedia that follows the same spirit of jimbo wales and his friends.         If you want to know what I am talking about, I think you should read this. Ori[[image:orimosenzon-signature.png|25px]] 21:01, 16 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I have read most of it. Fascinating. As about whether it's like that today - I'm not sure. Maybe you should try it out. I promise to be nice to you (-: Yavhush 21:18, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

Hi Ori
Like your sig. Think I might try my own... Dwacon 18:02, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Go ahead... though I think it considered bad practice to add a drawing to one's signature..they've got good arguments for that.. I don't remember.. I had to remove the drawing from my signature in the Hebrew Wikipedia and I might remove it from the English one too.Ori[[image:orimosenzon-signature.png|25px]] 19:33, 20 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Could you please take the image off your signature? You might not have noticed that the user profile instructions say "Do not use images, templates, or external links in your signature." Thanks! --Busy Stubber (talk) 00:24, 3 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Oh, sorry it took me such a long time to respond. As you can see, I've followed the instruction (though, I was a bit sad to do it). BTW: the instruction was not there when I made that signature (o: .All the best, Orimosenzon (talk) 19:50, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

Date error in Applet article
Those minor factual inaccuracies are often due to vandalism. In such cases, look in the article's history to see if the change was recent, and revert it yourself. Diego (talk) 10:40, 23 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, thanks.Orimosenzon (talk) 05:28, 24 June 2008 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Arithmetic for parents.png
Thanks for uploading File:Arithmetic for parents.png. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, their copyright should also be acknowledged.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 19:20, 31 March 2009 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. J Milburn (talk) 19:20, 31 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Hi. I have been given a permission from the author to upload that image. Should I specify it somewhere? Orimosenzon (talk) 19:23, 31 March 2009 (UTC)

License tagging for File:Elit towr hole.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Elit towr hole.jpg. You don't seem to have indicated the license status of the image. Wikipedia uses a set of image copyright tags to indicate this information.

To add a tag to the image, select the appropriate tag from this list, click on this link, then click "Edit this page" and add the tag to the image's description. If there doesn't seem to be a suitable tag, the image is probably not appropriate for use on Wikipedia. For help in choosing the correct tag, or for any other questions, leave a message on Media copyright questions. Thank you for your cooperation. --ImageTaggingBot (talk) 15:05, 21 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Oops.. Sorry, meant to upload it to wikicommons (and did, eventually). Could you please delete it from Wikipedia? Thanks! Orimosenzon (talk) 07:29, 22 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Now look at me.. having an entire conversation with a bot! I must do something about my social situation Orimosenzon (talk) 07:30, 22 September 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Orimosenzon