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Hermaness

Hermaness is the northernmost headland of Unst, the most northerly inhabited island of Shetland, Scotland. It consists of huge sea cliffs and moorland, making it an ideal habitat for a variety of birds. Hermaness was designated a national nature reserve (NNR) in 1955. The NNR extends over 965 hectares, including the whole of the Hermaness peninsula and the outlying Muckle Flugga and Out Stack. The reserve has a path and boardwalk that extends out onto the moorland. The reserve is managed by NatureScot, though it remains in private ownership, with most being owned by the Buness Estate, although the stacks and skerries around Muckle Flugga are owned by the Northern Lighthouse Board.

Hermaness is renowned for its internationally important seabird colonies, including the world's third largest great skua colony, fulmars, gannets, shags, puffins and guillemots. The blanket bog further inland also provides a good habitat for breeding waders, such as golden plover, dunlin and snipe.

Hermaness is said to have once been home to a giant named Herman who fought with another giant, named Saxa, over a mermaid. During the fight the two giants threw rocks at each other, and the legend claims that this is the origin of the rocks and stacks that surround the headland.

Birdlife
Over 100,000 pairs of birds from 15 different species breed at Hermaness, which is internationally important for great skua, gannets and puffins. Gannets nest on narrow ledges on cliffs and stacks, and as of 2018 there were around 26,000 breeding pairs each summer. Hermaness, with around 6% of the breeding North Atlantic population, is the sixth largest colony of these birds in Britain. Guillemot and kittiwake also breed on the stacks and cliffs of Hermaness, with around 3,700 pairs of guillemot and 416 pairs of kittiwake recorded in 2015. Shags nest on boulder beaches on the west coast of Hermaness; due to relative inaccessibility of these areas counting is difficult, but NatureScot estimated a population of around 150 pairs in 2002. The fulmar population, numbering almost 7,000 pairs in 2011, is nationally important, representing 1% of the British population. Puffins can be difficult to count due to the fact they nest in burrows, however NatureScot estimate that somewhere between 20,000 and 30,000 pairs can be found at Hermaness, representing around 6% of the British population. The coastline also hosts small numbers of breeding herring gulls, razorbills and black guillemots, all of whom tend to nest in more secluded areas such rock crevices and amongst boulders.

Away from the coast, almost 1,000 great skuas, known locally as bonxies, nest at Hermaness, maintaining territories on the large expanse of moorland that covers the centre of the peninsula. Hermaness is estimated to host 4.5% of world population of these birds, and is the third largest colony in Europe. Until the 1960s large numbers of Arctic skuas also bred at Hermaness, however a rise in bonxie numbers led to these birds tending to favour other parts of Unst. A small number of red-throated divers (typically 3-9 pairs), breed on the moors. The moorland also provides a home for many other ground-nesting birds such as skylark, twite and curlew. There are also significant numbers of waders, with large numbers of dunlin and snipe, and smaller numbers of golden plover. In recent years greylag geese have also begun to nest at Hermaness.

Hermaness was also home to a black-browed albatross – an extreme rarity in the Northern Hemisphere – every summer from 1972 until 1995 (except 1988 and 1989). This bird, nicknamed 'Albert', proved a major attraction to birdwatchers.

Other wildlife
Otter can occasionally be seen at Hermaness, and the Shetland field mouse can also be found. Otherwise, few land mammals live on the peninsula. In contrast, the surrounding seas are home to many marine mammals such as seals, dolphins, whales and porpoises. Both grey and common seals visit the beaches regularly, and sightings of whales and dolphins have increased in recent years. Harbour porpoises, minke whales, killer whales, white-sided dolphins, white-beaked dolphins and Risso’s dolphins are all known to visit.

Moths species at Hermaness include the northern rustic, the autumnal rustic and the northern arches. Many of these moths belong to distinct sub-species found only in Shetland, often being darker in colour than those found on the Scottish mainland. Other invertebrates include 53 species of beetle, 46 species of spider, and the distinctive, orange-coloured Shetland bumblebee.

Conservation
Conservation activities began at Hermaness in 1831, when the landowner, Dr. Lawrence Edmondston, began to protect bonxie nesting sites from egg collectors: by this time the population had declined to only 3 pairs. The population began to recover, but egg collecting remained an issue. In 1891 the Edmondston family employed a warden to protect the site, and from this point bonxie numbers grew strongly. Responsibility for watching the bonxies passed to the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) in 1906, and the role was widened to include monitoring of other seabird populations. In 1955 part of the area was declared a national nature reserve, and the reserve was extended to its current extent in 1958. At this point the Nature Conservancy Council (the predecessor of NatureScot), took over responsibility for monitoring the bird population. Since the 1980s seabird counts have been conducted on a systematic basis, and a whole-reserve count of the main species is undertaken every 6 years.

In addition to being an NNR, the headland holds a range of other conservation designations for its spectacular wildlife, habitat and geological features. It is also a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), and forms part of the Hermaness, Saxa Vord and Valla Field Special Protection Area (SPA) and the Shetland national scenic area. The Hermaness NNR is classified as a Category IV protected area by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Watchers Hut
Once the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds took over the protection of the bonxie population in 1906, they built a hut on the southern slopes of Hermaness Hill overlooking the nesting sites to accommodate their "Watchers". This hut burnt down after a few years and was subsequently replaced by a slightly larger one which survived until 1991. It was constructed of corrugated iron on a wooden frame with windows facing south.

For many years, Watchers were resident during the breeding season until the bonxie population had recovered. After they were no longer required, the hut continued to be maintained as a place of refuge in bad weather and for use by researchers or people overnighting. It also contained the Bird Sanctuary Visitor’s Book.

On 31 December 1991, an Englishman and his Canadian girlfriend hiked to the hut with the intention of seeing in the New Year there. That night, or in the early hours of 1 January 1992, the hut was struck by one of the most severe storms ever recorded in the British Isles with winds reaching Hurricane force, gusting up to 150 kn as measured at the nearby Muckle Flugga Lighthouse. The hut was blown away and completely destroyed, with debris scattered over the hillside and both lost their lives. The man was found on 5 January close to where the hut had been, his girlfriend half a mile (800m) away below a 300 ft (90m) cliff in Burra Firth the following day.

Today, the site of the hut is marked by a cross made of large stones laid into the ground, a memorial for the two lives lost. Access to the location is currently problematic, as the direct footpath to the top of Hermaness Hill that passed the cross closed in 2017. It traversed fragile blanket bog that was being severely eroded by the increased number of visitors. However, there are plans to reopen this route in the future after installation of boardwalks. The current footpath takes a different westerly route.

title: Hermaness


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Hideo Fukui

Hideo Fukui (福井 英郎) is an athlete from Japan. He competes in triathlon.

Fukui competed at the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He took thirty-sixth place with a total time of 1:52:04.79.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hideo Fukui


text:
Gilberto González (triathlete)

Gilberto Carlos González Parra (born December 15, 1970, in Caracas, Distrito Capital) is a triathlete from Venezuela.

González competed at the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He took thirty-seventh place with a total time of 1:52:13.03. Four years later, at the 2004 Summer Olympics, González again competed. He placed thirty-sixth with a time of 1:59:12.20. González won the gold medal at the 1999 Pan American Games in Winnipeg (Canada) in 1999.

He has taught mathematics in the University of the Andes (ULA) since 1996, and has an Msc degree in applied mathematics from ULA. He has a doctorate in applied mathematics from the Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV).

Major results
Source:

 * 1995
 * 35th Elite Overall 1995 Cancun ITU Triathlon World Championships

 * 1997
 * 20th Elite Overall 1997 Stockholm ITU Triathlon World Cup
 * 6th Elite Overall 1997 Tiszaujvaros ITU Triathlon World Cup
 * 7th Elite Overall 1997 Perth ITU Triathlon World Championships

 * 1998
 * 1st Elite Overall 1998 Cancun ITU Triathlon World Cup
 * 1st Elite Overall 1998 Noosa ITU Triathlon World Cup
 * 10th Elite Overall 1998 Gamagori ITU Triathlon World Cup
 * 15th Elite Overall 1998 Ishigaki ITU Triathlon World Cup
 * 17th Elite Overall 1998 Auckland ITU Triathlon World Cup

 * 1999
 * Gold medalist at 1999 Winnipeg Pan American Games.
 * 5th Elite Overall 1999 Noosa ITU Triathlon World Cup
 * 6th Elite Overall 1999 Corner Brook ITU Triathlon World Cup
 * 8th Elite Overall 1999 Cancun ITU Triathlon World Cup
 * 3rd Elite Overall 1999 Margarita Island PATCO Triathlon South American Championships
 * 15th Elite Overall 1999 Lausanne ITU Triathlon World Cup

 * 2000
 * 2nd Elite Overall 2000 Toronto ITU Triathlon World Cup
 * 3rd Elite Overall 2000 Corner Brook ITU Triathlon World Cup
 * 12th Elite Overall 2000 Rio de Janeiro ITU Triathlon World Cup
 * 37th 2000 Sydney Olympic Games

 * 2001
 * 1st Elite Overall 2001 Bogota ITU Triathlon Pan American Cup
 * 1st Elite Overall 2001 Guatemala ITU Triathlon Pan American Cup
 * 12th Elite Overall 2001 St. Petersburg ITU Triathlon World Cup
 * 27th 2001 Toronto ITU Triathlon World Cup

 * 2001
 * 1st Elite Overall 2001 Bogota ITU Triathlon Pan American Cup
 * 1st Elite Overall 2001 Guatemala ITU Triathlon Pan American Cup
 * 12th Elite Overall 2001 St. Petersburg ITU Triathlon World Cup
 * 17th Elite Overall 2001 Cancun ITU Triathlon World Cup
 * 27th Elite Overall 2001 Toronto ITU Triathlon World Cup

 * 2002
 * 2nd Elite Overall 2002 La Paz ITU Triathlon Pan American Cup
 * 2nd Elite Overall 2002 Rincon ITU Triathlon Pan American Cup
 * 4th Elite Overall 2002 Boston ITU Triathlon Pan American Cup
 * 14th Elite Overall 2002 St. Petersburg ITU Triathlon World Cup
 * 20th Elite Overall 2002 Makuhari ITU Triathlon World Cup

 * 2003
 * 1st Elite Overall 2003 Bogota ITU Triathlon Pan American Cup
 * 2nd Elite 2003 Margarita Island PATCO Triathlon South American Championships
 * 3rd Elite Overall 2003 Amatique ITU Triathlon Pan American Cup
 * 12th Elite Overall 2003 Santo Domingo Pan American Games
 * 20th Elite Overall 2003 Corner Brook ITU Triathlon World Cup

 * 2004
 * 1st Elite Overall 2004 Rincon ITU Triathlon Pan American Cup
 * 3rd Elite 2004 Valle de Bravo ITU Triathlon Pan American Cup
 * 15th Elite Overall 2004 Corner Brook ITU Triathlon World Cup
 * 36th Elite Overall 2004 Athens Olympic Games
 * 40th Elite Overall 2004 Mazatlan ITU Triathlon World Cup

 * 2005
 * 1st Elite Overall 2005 Panama ITU Triathlon Pan American Cup
 * 4th Elite Overall 2005 Bogota PATCO Triathlon Pan American Championships
 * 7th Elite Overall 2005 Rincon ITU Triathlon Pan American Cup

 * 2006
 * 1st Elite Overall 2006 Bogota ITU Triathlon Pan American Cup
 * 2nd Elite Overall 2006 Lecheria ITU Triathlon Pan American Cup
 * 45th Elite Overall 2006 Lausanne ITU Triathlon World Championships

 * 2007
 * 24th Elite Overall 2007 Rio de Janeiro Pan American Games

 * 2011
 * 43rd Elite Overall 2011 Guatape ITU Triathlon World Cup

title: Gilberto González (triathlete)


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Ben Bright

Benjamin Clifford Bright, also known as Ben Bright, was born on 12 July 1974 in Waiuku, New Zealand. He is the head coach for GB Triathlon, an olympic coach and a former athlete.

Athletic career
Bright won Le Race, a 100 km road bicycle race in Canterbury, New Zealand, in early 2000. He competed at the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. He ended up finishing in thirty-eighth place with a total time of 1:52:17.26.

Coaching
Later on, Bright became a coach of Mantas, a local swim club in Hong Kong. After training several outstanding swimmers, including an Olympian and Hong Kong age group record breakers, he accepted an opportunity to coach a triathlon at Loughborough University in England.

Bright is now the head coach for the British Triathlon High Performance centre in Loughborough. He was personal coach to Tim Don and Hollie Avil at the 2008 Olympics.

title: Ben Bright


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Southwest Australia

Southwest Australia is a biogeographic region in Western Australia. It includes the Mediterranean-climate area of southwestern Australia, which is home to a diverse and distinctive flora and fauna.

The region is also known as the Southwest Australia Global Diversity Hotspot.

Geography
The region includes the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub ecoregions of Western Australia. The region covers 356,717 km2, consisting of a broad coastal plain 20-120 kilometres wide, transitioning to gently undulating uplands made up of weathered granite, gneiss and laterite. Bluff Knoll in the Stirling Range is the highest peak in the region, at 1,099 metres (3,606 ft) elevation.

Desert and xeric shrublands lie to the north and east across the centre of Australia, separating Southwest Australia from the other Mediterranean and humid-climate regions of the continent.

Climate
The region has a wet-winter, dry-summer Mediterranean climate, one of five such regions in the world. During the winter months, westerly winds bring cool weather, clouds, and rainfall to Southwest Australia. In the summer months, the lower-latitude anticyclonic belt, with generally dry easterly winds, moves southwards, increasing temperatures and decreasing rainfall. Tropical cyclones, off the shore of northern Western Australia during the December-to-March northern wet season, occasionally reach as far south as Perth before moving inland, bringing floods and damaging winds to the west coast and rain to the dry interior.

Rainfall generally decreases from south to north, and with distance from the coast. The highest rainfall is typically in the Karri Forest Region between Pemberton and Walpole, up to 1,400 mm (55 inches) annually.

The region has been experiencing the effects of human induced climate change. Average annual rainfall has declined as much as 20% since the 1970s, declining by 10-20 millimetres each decade. Summertime maximum temperatures have increased by 0.1º to 0.3º C per decade, and the average number of days per year over 40º C in Perth has doubled over the last century. Lower rainfall and higher temperatures have reduced stream flow and inflow into drinking water and irrigation catchments since the 1960s. The summer of 2021/22 was the hottest on record.

Flora
Southwest Australia is recognised as a floristic province.

Vegetation in the region is mainly woody, including forests, woodlands, shrublands, and heathlands, but no grasslands. Predominant vegetation types are Eucalyptus woodlands, eucalyptus-dominated mallee shrublands, and kwongan shrublands and heathlands, which correspond to the chaparral, matorral, maquis, and fynbos shrublands found in other Mediterranean-type regions. The region has generally nutrient-poor sandy or lateritic soils, which has encouraged rich speciation of plants adapted to specific ecological niches. The region hosts a great diversity of endemic species, notably among the protea family (Proteaceae).

Southwest Australia is home to many endemic carnivorous plants, including more than half the world's species of sundews (Drosera), the bladderwort subgenus Polypompholyx, the Byblis gigantea complex of rainbow plants (composed of two species, Byblis lamellata and B. gigantea), and the pitcher plant Cephalotus follicularis, sole species in the plant family Cephalotaceae.

Fauna
The honey possum (Tarsipes rostratus) is a tiny marsupial endemic to Southwest Australia that feeds on nectar and pollen, and is an important pollinator for several southwestern plants including Banksia attenuata, Banksia coccinea, and Adenanthos cuneatus. Other mammals endemic to Southwest Australia are the western brush wallaby (Macropus irma) and the quokka (Setonix brachyurus).

Southwest Australia is an Endemic Bird Area, with several endemic species of birds including the long-billed black cockatoo (Zanda baudinii), western corella (Cacatua pastinator), noisy scrubbird (Atrichornis clamosus), red-winged fairywren (Malurus elegans), western bristlebird (Dasyornis longirostris), black-throated whipbird (Psophodes nigrogularis), white-breasted robin (Eopsaltria georgianus), and red-eared firetail (Stagonopleura oculata). The western rufous bristlebird (Dasyornis broadbenti litoralis), an endemic subspecies of rufous bristlebird, is now extinct.

Ecoregions
The World Wide Fund for Nature and Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) divide the region into six ecoregions and ten biogeographic regions:
 * Coolgardie woodlands (IBRA Coolgardie and Hampton)
 * Esperance mallee (IBRA Esperance Plains and Mallee)
 * Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands (IBRA Warren)
 * Southwest Australia savanna (IBRA Geraldton Sandplains, Avon Wheatbelt, and Yalgoo)
 * Southwest Australia woodlands (IBRA Jarrah Forest)
 * Swan Coastal Plain scrub and woodlands (IBRA Swan Coastal Plain)

The transitional Coolgardie, Hampton, and Yalgoo bioregions are generally drier than the rest of the Southwest. They considered part of Southwest Australia by the WWF, but are considered part of the Central Australian or Eremaean Region by the Western Australian Herbarium.

Freshwater
Southwest Australia has several permanent rivers and streams, including the Swan–Avon system, the Blackwood River, and other short rivers. The perennial rivers drain from the interior plateau and Darling Range across the coastal plain. Their flow is strongly seasonal, corresponding to the Southwest's wet winter–dry summer weather pattern. The perennial streams extend from east of Esperance on the south coast to the Arrowsmith River north of Perth, most often in areas with 700 mm or more of annual rainfall.

Arid regions separate Southwest Australia's freshwater habitats from Australia's other year-round rivers. As with its terrestrial flora, Southwest Australia's Mediterranean climate and biogeographic isolation has given rise to a distinct freshwater ecoregion with many endemic species.

There are fifteen freshwater fish species, including nine exclusively freshwater species, three estuarine species adapted to brackish water, and three diadromous species that spend part of their life-cycle in the sea. The exclusively freshwater species are endemic to Southwest Australia, as are two estuarine species. The salamanderfish (Lepidogalaxias salamandroides) is the sole species in the endemic family Lepidogalaxiidae. Salamanderfish can aestivate during the summer months, an adaptation to the region's dry summers. Other endemic species are the nightfish (Bostockia porosa), western mud minnow (Galaxiella munda), black-stripe minnow (Galaxiella nigrostriata), Balston’s pygmy perch (Nannatherina balstoni), western pygmy perch (Nannoperca vittata), and western galaxias (Galaxias occidentalis).

Southwest Australian varieties of the diadromous common galaxias (Galaxias maculatus) and spotted galaxias (Galaxias truttaceus) have adapted so they can live their life-cycle and reproduce in fresh water.

The southwestern snake-necked turtle (Chelodina colliei) and western swamp turtle (Pseudemydura umbrina) are aquatic species endemic to Southwest Australia.

History
The first evidence of human habitation of the region was 50,000 years ago at Devil's Lair by ancestors of today's Aboriginal people.

Aboriginal populations were generally denser on the coastal plain and along the coastal forest edge, and in the interior woodlands and shrublands, particularly near permanent streams and river estuaries. Population was sparse in the forested areas of the south. Offshore islands were likely uninhabited.

The Aboriginal inhabitants deliberately set fires to manage the land and vegetation. Evidence from lake and estuarine sediments and firsthand accounts suggest that fire intervals in well-settled areas were frequent – from one to ten years – compared to unoccupied forests and offshore islands, where fire intervals were 30 to 100 or more years. Frequent burning reduced tree cover and encouraged the growth of grasses, herbs, and low shrubs, fostering open woodlands and savannas and limiting areas of dense forest and thicket.

Noongar peoples inhabited the western and southern portions of the region. The Noongar comprised 14 groups, which spoke distinct but mutually-intelligible languages.

The Nyoongar seasonal calendar includes six different seasons in a yearly cycle. These are Birak, Bunuru, Djeran, Makuru, Djilba and Kambarang. Each of the six seasons represents and explains the seasonal changes seen annually. The flowering of many different plants, the hibernation of reptiles and the moulting of swans are all helpful indicators that the seasons are changing.

The first permanent European settlement in the region was in 1826 near present-day Albany. European settlers mostly dispossessed the Aboriginal inhabitants, and established extensive agriculture, including wheat, barley, canola, lupins, and oats. They also introduced sheep and cattle to the region. European settlement also changed the fire regime established by the Aboriginal inhabitants of the land.

Protected areas
109,445 km2, or 22.13%, of Southwest Australia's land area is in protected areas.

title: Southwest Australia


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Armando Barcellos

Armando Luís Barcellos da Silva (born February 6, 1966, in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro) is an athlete from Brazil, who competes in triathlon. Barcellos competed at the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He ended up in thirty-ninth place, with a total time of 1:53:42.63.

title: Armando Barcellos


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Nick Radkewich

Nicholas ("Nick") Edward Radkewich (born January 10, 1971, in Royal Oak, Michigan) is an athlete from the United States, who competes in triathlon.

Radkewich competed at the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He took fortieth place with a total time of 1:53:44.63. He also enjoys long walks on the beach and spending time with his family.

title: Nick Radkewich


text: User talk:172.147.137.47

title: User talk:172.147.137.47


text:
Talk:Lost in Translation (film)

References to use

 * Please add to the list references that can be used for the film article.

Articles
-some more articles to use.--J.D. (talk) 18:44, 25 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Scarlett fever
 * Sofia Coppola Talks About Lost In Translation, Her Love Story That’s Not “Nerdy”
 * Q&A with Sofia Coppola
 * Scarlett Fever (Newsweek)
 * 'I know how to be sour'
 * Talking Out Loud
 * Sofia's Choice
 * The Coppola Smart Mob

-more articles to use.--J.D. (talk) 13:38, 28 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Sophia Coppola on Lost in Translation
 * Tokyo Story
 * Behind-the-Scenes of Lost in Translation with Sofia Coppola

reviews section
"Lost in Translation was boosted by universal critical acclaim...It has a rating of 95% "Certified Fresh" on Rotten Tomatoes..."

the 95% (as opposed to 100%) means "universal" can't be used re the critical acclaim, unless with a qualifier, like "near-universal". needs changing to avoid being logically contradictory. 63.142.146.194 (talk) 05:56, 27 July 2014 (UTC)

Help me.
Ive tried to make an edit and its gone awry. Please help me. 81.156.136.199 (talk) 09:31, 17 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Your edits are incorrect and unhelpful – as usual. This film is not a Japanese co-production as there are no Japanese companies involved in the production.  It does not matter what AFI says, WP has its own standards for determining a film's nationality, and that means Japan must be left out.  Please stop being repeatedly disruptive. ---  The Old Jacobite   The '45  13:25, 17 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Then whats that then? http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8999854e 81.156.136.199 (talk) 14:54, 17 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Also this company distributed it. Tohokushinsha Film 81.156.136.199 (talk) 14:58, 17 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Distribution is irrelevant. Lots of films are distributed by foreign companies, that does not mean the film is of said country.  This film was produced by two US film studios, that is the end of the matter. ---  The Old Jacobite   The '45  18:08, 17 September 2017 (UTC)
 * To give another example, the Ghibli movies are distributed by Disney in the west. This does not make them American movies. Popcornduff (talk) 19:18, 17 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Okay. But these 4 films are distributed by British companies but they are not British The Hudsucker Proxy, The Big Lebowski, Burn After Reading and Hail, Caesar!. And also these 2 are distributed by American companies but that doesnt mean they are American The World's End (film) and Grimsby (film). So can you please help me with these 6 pages? 81.156.167.221 (talk) 12:43, 24 September 2017 (UTC)
 * You are wrong. You have been corrected repeatedly but persist in pushing your opinion.  I suggest you stop. ---  The Old Jacobite   The '45  13:14, 24 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Can we continue this on my talkpage? 81.156.167.221 (talk) 13:29, 24 September 2017 (UTC)
 * No. A public discussion involving multiple editors should take place in a public place.  Besides, changing the location of the discussion won't change the fact that you are wrong both in terms of your understanding of the facts and WP's policies. ---  The Old Jacobite   The '45  14:42, 24 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Okay. But if you listen to me a bit more then you will realize that the edits I would like to make are actually not as "harmful" as you think. 81.156.167.221 (talk) 18:44, 24 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Your edits go against the facts, policy, and logic – so, yes, I think they are very harmful. This is the last comment I will make to you on this subject. ---  The Old Jacobite   The '45  13:30, 25 September 2017 (UTC)

Such an heated debate about the nationality of the film. Will we find the truth - or will it be Lost in the Trans...? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.149.166.178 (talk) 20:10, 29 August 2023 (UTC)

External links modified
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"Best film of the 2000s" comment
Can we remove the final sentence of the lede? Not only does it add much information to call a film as "often regarded as one of the best films", but it can't really be verified in any sense. How do you define "regarded as one of the best"? Box office sales? Critics reviews? Awards? It just seems like a weasel word here. ChunyangD (talk) 23:16, 23 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Agreed, killed. Popcornduff (talk) 03:16, 24 July 2018 (UTC)
 * yes, agree too Tsmaster544 (talk) 10:32, 29 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lost in Translation (film)


text:
Matias Brain

Matias "Mati" Brain Peña (born January 15, 1974, in Santiago) is a Chilean triathlete. Nicknamed "Mati", Brain competed at the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He took forty-first place with a total time of 1:53:44.90.

title: Matias Brain


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Eric van der Linden

Eric van der Linden (born 17 April 1974 in Schagen, North Holland) is an athlete from the Netherlands. He competes in triathlon.

Van der Linden competed at the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He took forty-second place with a total time of 1:54:32.04.

title: Eric van der Linden


text:
Ex vivo

Ex vivo (Latin: "out of the living") literally means that which takes place outside an organism. In science, ex vivo refers to experimentation or measurements done in or on tissue from an organism in an external environment with minimal alteration of natural conditions.

A primary advantage of using ex vivo tissues is the ability to perform tests or measurements that would otherwise not be possible or ethical in living subjects. Tissues may be removed in many ways, including in part, as whole organs, or as larger organ systems.

Examples of ex vivo specimen use include:
 * Acute brain slice method Slice preparation;
 * bioassays;
 * using cancerous cell lines, like DU145 for prostate cancer, in drug testing of anticancer agents;
 * measurements of physical, thermal, electrical, mechanical, optical and other tissue properties, especially in various environments that may not be life-sustaining (for example, at extreme pressures or temperatures);
 * realistic models for surgical procedure development;
 * investigations into the interaction of different energy types with tissues; or
 * as phantoms in imaging technique development.

The term ex vivo means that the samples to be tested have been extracted from the organism. The term in vitro (lit. "within the glass") means the samples to be tested are obtained from a repository. In the case of cancer cells, a strain that would produce favorable results, then grown to produce a control sample and the number of samples required for the number of tests. These two terms are not synonymous even though the testing in both cases is "within the glass".

In cell biology, ex vivo procedures often involve living cells or tissues taken from an organism and cultured in a laboratory apparatus, usually under sterile conditions with no alterations, for up to 24 hours to obtain sufficient cells for the experiments. Experiments generally start after 24 hours of incubation. Using living cells or tissue from the same organism are still considered to be ex vivo. One widely performed ex vivo study is the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. In this assay, angiogenesis is promoted on the CAM membrane of a chicken embryo outside the organism (chicken).

title: Ex vivo


text:
B Engineering

B Engineering is a small-volume automobile manufacturer located in Italy. It is made up of several former employees of the Bugatti firm when it was under the leadership of Romano Artioli.

Edonis
B Engineering is the company behind the super-exclusive Edonis supercar, based on the Bugatti EB110. Thanks to several engine modifications, it has higher performance than the vehicle on which it is based.

The first model, presented in 2001, was called Edonis, based on the Bugatti EB110 Super Sport, but had been extensively revised: the only element, which kept from the original Bugatti, was the carbon fiber frame. Both the exterior and the interior of the car had been completely renewed. Bugatti's 3.5-liter engine was increased to 3760 cm³ of displacement. The original IHI turbochargers had been replaced by two larger units from the same manufacturer; Thanks to this, the engine power had increased from 610 CV DIN (448 kW) and 650 Nm of torque to 680 CV DIN (500 kW) at 8000 rpm and 735 N.

A production of 21 units was initially planned, all to be delivered by 2002 at a price of around €760000, but, after being advertised by the press and having participated in some motor shows, since 2004 the traces of the project have been lost.

Bugatti Service
Because of the close relation of the Edonis to the Bugatti EB110 and EB112, B Engineering provides service and parts for these models.

Padane Bus
After the closure of Padane (a bus manufacturer), B Engineering acquired the spare parts warehouse and archive materials. Currently, B Engineering uses these facilities to provide service, spare parts and general advice to Padane bus owners.

title: B Engineering


text:
User:GeeZee

I delurked on April 17, 2005, after hanging around for a few months. During that time, I wrote one article from scratch and on request (Glove (hockey)) and edited many more. Thanks to user:JYolkowski for his welcome to the community.

I'm in Buffalo, New York.

I like cheeseburgers.

title: User:GeeZee


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Rob Barel

Robert Alexander Barel (born 23 December 1957 in Amsterdam) is an athlete from the Netherlands. He competes in triathlon.

Career
Originally a swimmer, Barel competed and won his first triathlon in 1982 (Amsterdam). Won the very first ETU European Championships in 1985 (Immenstadt). Competed in the first ITU World Championships in 1989 (Avignon, 5th place). Won the first ITU Long Distance Championships in 1994 (Nice). Competed in the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He took forty-third place with a total time of 1:55:36.69 at the age of 42.

Titles

 * World Champion Long Distance triathlon: 1994
 * European Champion Middle Distance triathlon EK: 1986, 1988, 1994
 * European Champion Olympic distance triathlon: 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988
 * National Champion Olympic distance triathlon: 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1994, 1998
 * National Champion duatlon: 1993, 1994, 1997
 * National Champion cross triathlon: 2005, 2008
 * European Champion cross triathlon: 2008
 * National Champion Mountainbike Masters2: 2005, 2006, 2007

title: Rob Barel


text: User talk:66.25.53.107

title: User talk:66.25.53.107


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Jan Knobelauch Hansen

Jan Knobelauch Hansen (born 15 July 1971) is a male athlete from Denmark. He competes in triathlon.

Hansen competed at the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He took forty-fourth place with a total time of 1:55:42.06.

title: Jan Knobelauch Hansen


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Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau

Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau, also referred to by the phrase Indigenous peoples of the Plateau, and historically called the Plateau Indians (though comprising many groups) are Indigenous peoples of the Interior of British Columbia, Canada, and the non-coastal regions of the Northwestern United States.

Their territories are located in the inland portions of the basins of the Columbia and Fraser Rivers. These tribes mainly live in parts of the Central and Southern Interior of British Columbia, northern Idaho, western Montana, eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, and northeastern California. The eastern flank of the Cascade Range lies within the territory of the Plateau peoples.

There are several distinguishing features that differentiate plateau culture from the surrounding native cultures. These include a high reliance on roots, such as biscuitroot and camas, as a food source, a high reliance on short duration salmon and eel runs, and long-term habitation of winter villages at fixed locations along rivers or lakes. There was a lack of social stratification and a lack of tribal organization beyond the village level.

Range
In Canada, the greater part of the Interior Plateau was inhabited by Interior Salish peoples: the Lillooet tribe whose homelands are in the Lillooet River Valley; the Thompson First Nations, whose homelands are in the Fraser River Valley from Yale to Lillooet; the Secwepemc (Shuswap) of the Fraser River Valley from Lillooet to Alexandria, the upper parts of the Thompson River basin, and areas further east; the Okanagan of the Okanagan River Valley and its vicinity; also the Lakes people of the Arrow Lakes. The Kutenai tribe, who live in the southeastern parts of British Columbia and formerly extended to southwestern Alberta, speak an isolate language. Athapaskan-speaking people, the Chilcotin and Carrier, occupy the northernmost part of the Plateau region.

The First Nations of the Plateau were influenced by the First Nations of the Pacific Coast. The Plateau First Nations traded many goods with the Pacific Coast First Nations. The Pacific tribes believed in clan ancestors which were adopted by the Interior Salish groups, but they did not adopt the social system.

In the United States, Interior Salish people inhabited the Columbia River and its tributaries above Priest Rapids, near present-day Mattawa. Sahaptin people inhabited the Columbia River and its tributaries between Priest Rapids and Celilo Falls near the Dalles, Oregon and up the Snake River to near the Washington - Idaho border. The Nez Perce inhabited the Clearwater and Salmon River basins and the Snake river through Hells Canyon. The Cayuse homeland is the Blue Mountains and the valleys of the rivers that flow from them. The Molala inhabited the eastern side of the cascade mountains in Oregon. The Klamath people inhabited the upper Klamath River basin and had close contact with people from the California cultural area, though their lifestyle and language were more characteristic of plateau culture.

The Columbia River below Celilo Falls was inhabited by Chinook people. Chinook people on the lowest portion of the Columbia are considered part of the Northwest Coast. Sahaptin groups also lived in Western Washington on the Mashel River and upper Cowlitz River. The Willamette Valley was inhabited by the Kalapuya people. Having no major salmon run, their culture was somewhat different from other plateau people, maintaining oak savannas similar to many California natives.

History
While plateau people kept no written records, the prehistory of the plateau region can be partially reconstructed by a combination of oral traditions, linguistics and archeological evidence. There is archeological evidence of human presence on the plateau for at least 12,000 years. The Marmes Rockshelter and Kennewick Man are two examples of early human presence. Over time human technologies adapted to the unique environment. Earth ovens near camas meadows have been found that are up to 8,000 years old. Around 4,000 years ago, there was a shift in the archeological record from small bands to larger semi-sedentary villages, and a shift towards root processing tools, hallmarks of plateau culture.

Linguists and oral traditions point to several comparatively recent movements of people. According to language comparisons, the interior Salish peoples expanded onto the plateau from the vicinity of the lower Fraser River. This expansion reached as far as Montana, was complete around 1,500 years ago. Likewise, Athabaskans on the plateau are part of a relatively recent expansion from northern Canada and Alaska, as recently as 1,000 years ago. The Kalapuya people spread into the Willamette Valley, likely from the south, in the last 1,000 years.

The recent expansion of Numic people across the Great Basin displaced several groups on the southern edge of the plateau. This process was still occurring at the time of European contact. Around 1730, horses were introduced onto the plateau from the Great Basin and were first adopted by the Cayuse and Nez Perce. This greatly changed the range and lifestyle of these groups. This transition was still underway when Europeans arrived.

According to their oral tradition, the Kutenai people originated to the east, and moved onto the plateau in late pre-historic times.

European contact
Outside influences began changing life on the plateau decades before the first direct contact with Europeans. There is strong evidence the smallpox epidemic of the 1770s spread across the plateau region, greatly reducing the population. Members of the Lewis and Clark Expedition were the first Europeans to encounter plateau natives, followed a few years later by Alexander Ross and David Thompson. All commented on the dress, diet and generally peaceful nature of the inhabitants. In the following decades, several trading posts were established in the area, including the long-lived Fort Nez Perce, Fort Colville, Fort Okanogan, and Fort Kamloops. Several more epidemics hit the area with the Lower Columbia area being the hardest hit. Some Chinook and Kalapuya groups saw a 90% reduction in population at this time. The 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic devastated the coast as well as some parts of the interior.

While there was some minor violence, serious armed conflicts did not begin until the mass migration of European Americans to the southern portion of the plateau region, starting in the 1840s. Through a series of treaties and conflicts, including the Cayuse War, Yakima War, Coeur d'Alene War, Modoc War, and Nez Perce War, natives on the southern plateau were confined on reservations and their traditional lifestyle was largely disrupted.

Tribes and bands
Plateau peoples generally self-identified by their wintering village or band, as opposed to a tribe. Intermarrying between groups was common and in many cases encouraged. Different groups shared hunting and foraging ranges. After European contact, natives were classified into tribes led by chiefs, in order to facilitate negotiation and land settlements. Commonly recognized plateau tribes include the following:

Chinook peoples

 * Cathlamet, Washington
 * Clackamas, Oregon
 * Clatsop, Oregon
 * Kathlamet
 * Multnomah, Oregon
 * Wasco-Wishram, Oregon and Washington
 * Watlata, Washington

Interior Salish

 * Chelan
 * Coeur d'Alene Tribe, Idaho, Montana, Washington
 * Entiat, Washington
 * Flathead (Selisch or Salish), Idaho and Montana
 * Bitterroot Salish
 * Kalispel (Pend d'Oreilles), Washington and Montana
 * Lower Kalispel, Washington
 * Upper Kalispel, Montana
 * In-SHUCK-ch, British Columbia (Lower Lillooet)
 * Lil'wat, British Columbia (Lower Lillooet)
 * Methow, Washington
 * Nespelem, Washington
 * Nlaka'pamux (Thompson people), British Columbia
 * Nicola people (Thompson-Okanagan confederacy)
 * Okanagan, British Columbia and Washington
 * Sanpoil, Washington
 * Secwepemc, British Columbia (Shuswap people)
 * Sinixt (Lakes), British Columbia, Idaho, and Washington
 * Sinkayuse
 * Sinkiuse-Columbia, Washington (extinct)
 * Spokane people, Washington
 * St'at'imc, British Columbia (Upper Lillooet)
 * Wenatchi (Wenatchee)

Sahaptin people

 * Upper Cowlitz or Taidnapam
 * Kittitas (Upper Yakima)
 * Klickitat people, Washington
 * Lower Snake people: Chamnapam, Wauyukma, Naxiyampam
 * Nez Perce, Idaho
 * Palus (Palouse), Idaho, Oregon, and Washington
 * Skinpah (Skin)
 * Tenino (Warm Springs Bands)
 * Umatilla, Oregon
 * Walla Walla, Washington
 * Wanapum, Washington
 * Yakama, Washington

Other or multiple

 * Cayuse, Oregon
 * Cowlitz, Washington
 * Klamath, Oregon
 * Kalapuya, northwest Oregon
 * Atfalati (Tualatin, northwest Oregon)
 * Mohawk River, northwest Oregon
 * Santiam, northwest Oregon
 * Yaquina, northwest Oregon
 * Kutenai (Kootenai, Ktunaxa), British Columbia, Idaho, and Montana
 * Modoc, California and Oregon, now also Oklahoma
 * Molala (Molale), Oregon
 * Nicola Athapaskans (extinct), British Columbia
 * Upper Nisqually (Mishalpan)

Languages
Plateau tribes primarily spoke Interior Salish languages in the north and Plateau Penutian languages in the south. Chinookan languages were spoken on the lower Columbia and Kalapuyan languages were spoken in the Willamette valley. These are often classified as Penutian languages, but this classification is not universally agreed upon. In the northernmost portion of the plateau Athabaskan languages were spoken. Each of these language families consisted of multiple languages that were not mutually intelligible. Many of the individual languages had several dialects with significant differences.

The Ktunaxa speak the Kutenai language, which is a language isolate. The Cayuse language died out shortly after European contact and is poorly documented. It is sometimes called an isolate, and sometimes classified as Penutian, most closely related to the Molala language. Even before relocation onto reservations, many Cayuse had adopted the Nez Perce language.

Diet
Traditional Plateau cuisine include wild plants, fish, especially salmon, and game. Plateau peoples often had seasonal villages or encampment in different areas to take full advantage of the wild foods. Women gathered a large variety of edible vegetables and fruits, including camassia, bitterroot, kouse root, serviceberry, chokecherry, huckleberry, and wild strawberry.

Camas lily bulbs were an important but dangerous staple. Common camas, camassia quamash, is a plant in the lily family with blue flowers, whose bulbs were dug for food. The white flowering death camas, zygadenus venenosus, is a different but related species also in the lily family, and can be deadly poisonous. For safety reasons, Plateau peoples gathered these bulbs while aerial parts were still growing in order to correctly identify the edible species. They dug these bulbs with deer antlers. Women in the tribe cooked the roots in a shallow pit filled up with hot stones. When the ground around the stones was hot enough, the stones were removed, and bulbs were placed in the hole to cook overnight.

Plateau women made berry cakes using Saskatoon berries or huckleberries. The berries were dried on racks covered with leaves. Most plateau groups also gathered a lichen (Bryoria fremontii), which was cooked in pits similar to, and sometimes together with, camas. Gathering and processing of wild plants by the women is still a traditional way of life among many of the people of these tribes today.

The men supplemented the diet by hunting and fishing, with salmon making up a major part of their food supply. When horses were introduced to the area, the world of the Plateau people expanded after they adopted use of horses, allowing them to trade with the tribes on the plains east of the Rocky Mountains for bison meat and hides. Groups of hunters rode far to hunt bison, deer, and elk.

In the spring and fall, salmon would swim up rivers from the Pacific Ocean. Plateau fishermen learned many ways to trap salmon. Dipnets, gaffs, or gigs were used depending on the fishing spot. On primary rivers, seine nets were used in spots where salmon or eels were known to congregate. Stakes were lined up to make a weir, stopping the salmon from swimming any further, and then the fish were pulled out of the water with a scoop. Suckers were caught in fish traps as they descended peripheral streams. Most salmon was smoked on a fire, and some of it was stored underground in pits. Other salmon was boiled in hot water to get oil.

Birds were often hunted with nets. Men used several methods to capture big game. Groups of men would surround and drive deer or elk towards other hunters or into traps. Trapping pits and snares were also used. Reliance on big game depended greatly on the amount of salmon available. Hunting provided less than ten percent of food for some Chinook and Sahaptin groups on the Columbia River. Further upstream there was greater reliance on hunting.

Basketry and textiles
Plateau tribes excelled in the art of basketry. They most commonly used hemp dogbane, tule, sagebrush, or willow bark. These materials were also used to make hats, bedding, nets, and cordage. Basketry was particularly important because plateau tribes used no pottery. Water was boiled in baskets by inserting heated stones. Ancestors of the Plateau Indians created the oldest known shoes in the world, the Fort Rock sandals, made of twined sagebrush and dated between 10,390 and 9650 years BP.

Tools
Tools were made from wood, stone and bone. Arrows for hunting were made from wood and tipped with arrow-heads chipped from special rocks. Antlers from animals were used for digging roots. In addition to their traditional tools, they later adopted the use of metal items such as pots, needles, and guns acquired from trade with Europeans.

Housing
Plateau housing included longhouses roofed with summer tule mats. Tule, used for many purposes, is a tall, tough reed that grows in marshy areas and is sometimes called bulrush. For winter quarters, the people dug a pit a few feet into the ground and constructed a framework of poles over it, meeting in a peak above. They covered this with tule mats or tree bark. Earth was piled up around and partially over the structure to provide insulation to the semi-subterranean shelter. The large winter lodges were shared by several families; they were rectangular at the base and triangular above. They were built with several layers of tule; as the top layers of tule absorbed moisture, they swelled to keep moisture from reaching lower layers and the inside of the lodge.

In later years, the people used canvas instead of tule mats. Beginning in the 18th century, Plateau peoples adopted tipis from the Plains Indians. They were made of a pole framework, covered with animal skins or mats woven from reeds. Each month, women would stay temporary in round menstrual huts, measuring about 20 ft in diameter.

Interior Salish winter homes are distinct from those of First Nations in the area. They were semi-subterranean pit-houses, with well insulated roofs. Logs were carved into steps at the entrances. Dried food was stored outside these winter houses. In the summer, the Salishan people lived in tule mat houses.

Other tribes made their homes out of pieces of cedar or spruce bark. The slanted roofs of cedar homes extended near to the ground, while the spruce-bark houses resembles to adjacent tents.

Clothing
Plateau people wore many types of clothing which changed over time. In the northern region, the women wore buckskin shirts, breech cloths, leggings, and moccasins, and the men wore longer shirts. Winter clothing was made out of rabbit, groundhog, or other animals' fur. Along the Columbia River among the Chinook and Sahaptin, both men and women typically wore just a breech cloth in warm weather. A short robe or cape and leggings would be added in cooler weather. Below the Cascades Rapids women wore grass skirts. Women on the southern plateau wore basketry hats. Over time, plateau people generally adopted clothes inspired by plains culture, including buckskin dresses and feathered headgear.

Arts
Today, Native people still make traditional clothing, bags, baskets, and other items. Although some knowledge of traditional arts have been lost as times change, practicing the fine skills are still an important part of their way of life. Mothers and grandmothers decorate their children's outfits for celebration and dancing. Beaded items, such as drums, woven bags and other crafts are used in traditional celebrations and special occasions. Such regalia is used for days during the Spirit Dance, which occurred once a year.


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Derwent Valley line

The Derwent Valley line is a railway line from Derby to Matlock in Derbyshire.

The line follows the Midland Main Line as far as Ambergate Junction, which is just south of Ambergate railway station, continuing to Matlock, following the course of the River Derwent.

Stations

 * Derby
 * Duffield
 * Former branch line diverges to Wirksworth. This route has been sold and is disconnected from the mainline, but has reopened as the Ecclesbourne Valley Railway heritage railway.
 * Belper
 * Ambergate
 * Route diverges away from the Midland Main Line just to the south of Ambergate station.
 * Whatstandwell
 * Cromford
 * Matlock Bath
 * Matlock

Operations
Local passenger services are operated by East Midlands Railway. There is a daily service between Nottingham and Matlock. The frequency of the service is hourly, although on Sunday mornings the trains run every two hours increasing to hourly in the afternoon and evening.

The line is operated as one single line block section from Ambergate, using the No Signalman Key Token system under the supervision of Derby PSB. The driver of each train heading for Matlock must collect a token from the machine at Ambergate station before proceeding, and return it prior to leaving the branch.

In addition to the local passenger services, the line between Derby and Ambergate Junction is also used by East Midlands Railway and CrossCountry fast services along with freight services operated by various companies.

The Matlock branch lost its through services to London St Pancras in 2004 when (the former mainline operator) Midland Mainline replaced its Class 170 Turbostar diesel units with Class 222 Meridian sets. The Meridians are not yet cleared to work on the branch.

History
The section from Derby to Ambergate was built by the North Midland Railway (which ran between Derby and Leeds) and was opened in 1839. Ambergate quickly became busy with tourists alighting for Matlock Bath who would travel onwards by coach. The Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway also operated excursions from Birmingham completing the journey by way of the Cromford Canal.

In 1849 the Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midlands Junction Railway opened from Ambergate and ran as far as Rowsley. Lack of finance prevented it from proceeding any further, but Matlock Bath capitalised on its reputation as a tourist town with the appellation Little Switzerland.

The line was leased jointly by the Midland Railway and the LNWR and, in spite of determined opposition from the latter, the Midland succeeded in reaching Manchester in 1867.

The Midland, and later the LMS, regarded it as one of their premier lines, linking Manchester with the East Midlands and London. Indeed, it could be regarded as the original "Midland Main Line" carrying such prestige expresses as The Palatine and the Peaks. In the twentieth century, it also carried The Midland Pullman. Initially, there was a great deal of parcel traffic, particularly textiles from the various mills, and the line was also immensely important for coal traffic from Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire to Manchester and, southwards, for limestone from the Peak District. A large motive power depot was provided at Rowsley to split trains and provide banking engines for the long haul up to Peak Forest.

With the end of water power for the mills, and the introduction of road transport, the parcel traffic disappeared, but minerals remained important until the mid-20th century. In 1968, however, the route from Matlock to Buxton was closed during the Beeching Axe.

The line between the quarry north of Matlock and Ambergate remained as a single track carrying a small amount of limestone, with a passenger service continuing from Matlock (strongly supported by Derby railway employees with their free passes).

During the period from 1976 to 1993 trains would run through Derby from the Derwent Valley line to Sinfin. This ceased when the Sinfin branch line was first replaced with a taxi, then closed in 1998. The service later returned as a train as far as Peartree as a single train per day until 2001.

While the railway workers have largely disappeared, at the beginning of the 21st century, there is renewed public interest in rail, and Derbyshire County Council, among others, is keen to reduce traffic congestion on the A6 and in the Peak National Park. The route between Matlock and Rowsley was taken over by the Peak Rail preservation group, who are campaigning for the link to be restored to Buxton. The County Council carried out a study in 2004, which concluded that it was not economically feasible, but that the track bed would be protected from development.

It was designated by the Department for Transport as a community rail service in July 2006 and fully designated as a community rail line in September 2006.

Meanwhile, the interest shown by the local councils, and public groups such as the Derwent Valley Rural Transport Partnership and the Friends of the Derwent Valley, has encouraged the interest of railway companies. In particular, it follows the course of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage corridor. Former operator Central Trains heavily promoted the line's tourist potential with a specially liveried train. Another former operator, Midland Mainline, extended some of its London–Derby services to Matlock, though these ceased with the introduction of the Class 222 Meridians which were too heavy for several bridges north of Whatstandwell which are in a poor state of repair. However Network Rail has announced its intention to overhaul the line completely in 2008, reinforcing or replacing the defective bridges.

Passengers using the line have increased steadily at many stations on the line. 94% more passengers used its stations in 2010/11 than in 2007/08; journeys from Ambergate, Belper, Duffield and Matlock Bath have doubled in the same period. On 2 July 2011 Peak Rail extended their services from Matlock Riverside station into Matlock (Network Rail) station to provide easy interchange between services.

title: Derwent Valley line


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The Q and the Grey

"The Q and the Grey" is the 11th episode of the third season of Star Trek: Voyager, the 53rd episode overall. This is a science fiction television episode of the Star Trek franchise that aired on UPN in 1996, featuring John de Lancie as the alien Q.

Plot
Captain Kathryn Janeway is surprised when Q appears in her quarters – and in her bed – one night. Q is intent on Janeway becoming the mother of his child, and plies the Captain with gifts in an attempt to win her affections. Q believes that his desire for Janeway should be regarded as an honour, but Janeway insists that he leave, and eventually he does.

Q's absence does not last long, as he abducts the captain and takes her to the Q Continuum, now appearing as an American Civil War period piece. He explains that there is a civil war brewing among the Q race, and Q hopes that he and Janeway can bring a child into the Continuum to avert the war. The Q authorities (represented as Confederate soldiers) fire on them, wounding Q, then arrive and capture Q and Janeway. The Q leader, appearing as a Confederate colonel, intends to execute them both.

On Voyager, the remaining crew have been observing dozens of supernovae taking place throughout the area. A Q female (Suzie Plakson), Q's former partner, appears and says that the civil war among the Q is the cause. She helps the crew reach the Q Continuum by flying into a supernova, and provides the Voyager crew with Q weapons, which they use to attack the Q authorities' camp and free Q and Janeway. The two Qs resume their relationship and decide to become parents themselves, thus ending the war. Captain Janeway is witness to the two Q mating, which consists of simply touching fingers.

Q returns later to Janeway's quarters with his infant son and asks her to be his godmother, which she accepts.

Background
The trigger for the civil war among the Q was the suicide of the Q known as "Quinn", the focus of the Voyager episode "Death Wish". The underlying cause for the civil war, though, was longstanding tension between two Q factions which maintain a tenuous balance between simple survival and creative advance as a species.

Releases
The episode first aired in the United States on November 27, 1996, and subsequently in Germany and Hungary in 1998 and 2001, respectively. In the USA it was aired on the television network UPN.

This was released as a single episode on VHS video cassette tape in July 2002. This episode was also released in 2006, on DVD as part of the Q Collective, which features episodes from across the Star Trek franchise featuring this character.

"The Q and the Grey" was released on LaserDisc in Japan on June 25, 1999, as part of the 3rd season vol.1 set.

This episode was released on DVD on July 6, 2004 as part of Star Trek Voyager: Complete Third Season, with Dolby 5.1 surround audio. The season 3 DVD was released in the UK on September 6, 2004.

In 2017, the complete Star Trek: Voyager television series was released in a DVD box set, which included it as part of the season 3 discs.

title: The Q and the Grey


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Roland Melis

Roland Melis (born November 13, 1974) is an athlete from the Netherlands Antilles, who competed in the triathlon.

Melis competed at the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He took forty-fifth place with a total time of 1:56:11.95.

title: Roland Melis


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Latest Version Power Player game cartridge

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 22:23, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

Latest Version Power Player game cartridge
appears to be a pirate multi-game cartridge for the Famicom game system. Clearly NN. LevelCheck 23:41, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. What is this, a flea market? —tregoweth 01:24, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Utterly trivial. android↔talk 02:25, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. There are literally hundreds, if not thousands, of different bootleg Famicom multicarts that have been released in Asia, South America, Russia, and other regions. The concept itself might deserve an article, though even this is questionable, but individual bootleg multicarts? No way. Firebug 04:38, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. We want to know more about power player products.  As a matter of fact, I own a PPSJ3.5. --SuperDude 19:09, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Subtrivial.  As has been pointed out on similar votes, Wikipedia is not GameFAQs. - Lucky 6.9 04:30, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as trivial gamecruft.   — J I P | Talk 06:50, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Crap.  Postdlf 08:51, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I think the key here is that it only "appears" to be anything: the page itself doesn't make any real sense at all. I've been busy working on various entries related to NES unlicensed games and peripherals, and even I can't make heads or tails of this thing. – Seancdaug 21:00, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Our anonymous friend who created this appears to be trying to sidestep VfD and has moved this article to Latest Version Game Player. —tregoweth 23:46, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Hiroyuki Nishiuchi

Hiroyuki Nishiuchi (西内 洋行) (born October 13, 1975) is an athlete from Japan. He competes in the triathlon.

Nishiuchi competed at the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He took forty-sixth place with a total time of 1:56:59.76.

Four years later, at the 2004 Summer Olympics, Nishiuchi competed again. He placed thirty-second with a time of 1:57:43.51.

title: Hiroyuki Nishiuchi


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Prey drive

Prey drive is the instinctive inclination of a carnivore to find, pursue, and capture prey; this instinct can be refined for industrial purposes such as herding livestock.

Aspects
The predatory motor sequence follows a sequence: search (orient, nose/ear/eye); stalk; chase; bite (grab-bite, kill-bite); dissect; and consume.

In different breeds of dogs, certain steps of these have been amplified or reduced by human-controlled selective breeding for various purposes. The "search" aspect of the prey drive is used in detection dogs such as bloodhounds and beagles. The "eye-stalk" is for herding dogs. The "chase" is seen in sighthounds such as Greyhounds and lurchers, while the "grab-bite" and "kill-bite" are for the training of terriers. In most dogs, prey drive can occur without extrinsic reinforcement.

Benefits
In dog training, prey drive can be used as a performative advantage because dogs with strong prey drive are more willing to pursue moving objects such as toys, which can then be used to encourage certain kinds of behavior, such as that of greyhound racing or the speed required in dog agility. Prey drive can affect training in Schutzhunds as well.

Retrievers are sometimes expected to chase prey and bring it back to the human hunter, but not bite or damage it. Bull Terriers, such as the Staffordshire Bull Terrier, have an amplified grab-bite as they were originally bred to bait bulls (restrain bulls by hanging onto their noses), but never needed to find or stalk the prey.

title: Prey drive


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Category:Transport in Derbyshire

This category contains articles relating to transport within Derbyshire.

title: Category:Transport in Derbyshire


text:
Mikhail Kuznetsov (triathlete)

Mikhail Aleskandrovich Kuznetsov (Михаил Александрович Кузнецов; born 24 August 1979 in Shymkent, Ongutsik Qazaqstan) is a male triathlete from Kazakhstan.

Kuznetsov competed at the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He took forty-seventh place with a total time of 1:59:13.50.

title: Mikhail Kuznetsov (triathlete)


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Self-objectification

Self-objectification is when people view themselves as objects for use instead of as human beings. Self-objectification is a result of objectification, and is commonly discussed in the topic of sex and gender. Both men and women struggle with self-objectification, but it is most commonly seen among women. According to Calogero, self-objectification explains the psychological process by which women internalise people's objectification of their bodies, resulting in them constantly criticizing their own bodies.

Relationship to objectification
Objectification and self-objectification are two different topics, but are closely intertwined. Objectification looks at how society views people (in this case, women) as bodies for someone else's pleasure. This occurs in advertisements where the body but not the face of a woman is shown. These messages put an unrealistic standard on women's bodies, dehumanizing them to an object of visual pleasure, and self-objectification occurs in response. Women start to internalize the message that they are not individual human beings, but objects of beauty, pleasure and play for others, and they start to look at themselves and their bodies as such.

The perpetuation of self-objectification can be described as a cycle. Objectification causes self-objectification which perpetuates objectification, and the cycle goes on. Both media and social interaction factor into that cycle as well. Media is everywhere, plastering seemingly perfect women across billboards, in music videos, and on covers of magazines. These ideals cause people to put on an unrealistic lens, thinking that they should look and act like the women in the media are portrayed, perpetuating the cycle of self-objectification. Social interactions affect this cycle as well, as the way people communicate with each other subconsciously furthers objectification as well. This type of talk is known as appearance related communication. Two types of appearance related communication that have had an effect on the existence of self-objectification are old talk and fat talk, where obese and overweight women are commonly criticized by the health industry, and old women are made to feel useless and "worn out" due to the often-cited associated negative health consequences of their old age.

Appearance-related communication
Fat talk, a term coined by Mimi Nichter, refers to women making comments about their own weight, dieting, or justifications of one's eating or exercising habits. It includes comments such as, "I'm out of shape", or "I'm just eating everything today". Women who engage in fat talk are more likely to struggle with body dissatisfaction, self-objectification, depression, anorexia, bulimia, and other eating disorders.

Old talk refers to negative statements about wrinkles, skin tone, yellowing teeth, and other physical aspects of the natural aging process. Women who engage in old talk are more likely to be dissatisfied with their bodies, engage in self-objectification, suffer from depression and anxiety, and it may even decrease their quality of life and actual lifespan. Both fat and old talk result in higher self-objectification, as women measure themselves against and attempt to reach an unrealistic standard.

In different generations
One period of time in a woman's life where self-objectification happens excessively is during pregnancy. Magazines offer pictures of pregnant celebrities with golden skin, toned legs, and a perfectly rounded, "cute" pregnant belly. The photo-editing makes it seem real, and people start to think that is how they ought to look when they are pregnant. Looking at these perfect pictures results in pregnant women feeling worse about themselves and being incredibly self-conscious about their weight even though their weight gain is normal and necessary. They see themselves as not good enough, again, objectifying their identity to a body that needs to be perfect. Studies have also been done on adolescent girls, and what heightens self-objectification at an early age. With the amount of over-sexualized media that children are exposed to, young girls start to identify themselves as a "prize" to be used and given away at an early age. This objectification is fueled heavily by media and the fact that it is highly sexualized. The more a young girl is exposed to media that sexually objectifies women, the more they will internalize those beliefs and ideals and objectify themselves.

title: Self-objectification


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DavisWiki

daviswiki.org is a wiki based in Davis, California about the people, events, universities, bands, places and other things of the city. For example, it includes information about local events, advice for classes to take or not take at UC Davis, locations of the cleanest bathrooms in town, and ways a poor student can best pack a to-go box from the local restaurant buffets. Newcomers or anyone with a question about life in Davis are often asked by "wikivangelists", "Did you check the wiki?", much in the spirit of RTFM. It was launched in June 2004.

Size and activity
DavisWiki was at one point the largest City Wiki in the world. Karlsruhe's city wiki Stadtwiki Karlsruhe has since surpassed DavisWiki in total page count, but differences in the wiki software, varying content/page densities, make drawing conclusions from page counts problematic. As of November 2009 DavisWiki has over 14,945 pages, 11134 registered editors, 301 editors who have made over 100 edits, and 35 editors who have made over 1000 edits.

In June 2010, DavisWiki claimed: "On a given day, about 1 in 6 residents visits the site. Over the course of one week, nearly half of the residents. And over a month, we have found that just about every Davisite visits the wiki. ... 1 in 7 residents actually contribute their own knowledge to the wiki."

Community involvement
Based on the above activity, and the interest that local politics have on daviswiki, the Davis Human Relations Commission awarded the daviswiki the Thong Hy Huynh Award for Excellence in Community Involvement.

Viewpoint
Davis Wiki includes long discussions on its pages regarding local politics, local elections, development, city policies and similar material. This is a bit counter to many wikis, which strive for a neutral point of view in all articles. Articles on the Davis Wiki are balanced by consolidating commentary to present an aggregate set of multiple points-of-view, intending to reflect the actual Davis community.

Funding
DavisWiki is part of the LocalWiki project and is financed by the LocalWiki charitable 501(c)3 organization. They are run advertisement-free through community donations and fundraising events.

LocalWiki
Some of the Davis Wiki team, including co-founders Philip Neustrom and Mike Ivanov, were working on the LocalWiki project. The LocalWiki project aims to be an ideal platform for sharing local community information.

title: DavisWiki


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Dennis Looze

Dennis Looze (born 30 July 1972 in Zaandam) is an athlete from the Netherlands, who competes in triathlon. He is married to Tracy Looze.

Looze competed at the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He took forty-eighth place with a total time of 2:00:23.80. He was the last to finish, though still ranked higher than the four competitors who did not complete the course.

title: Dennis Looze


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Olimpia

Olimpia may refer to:

Sports teams

 * Club Atlético Olimpia, a sports club based in Montevideo, Uruguay
 * Club Deportivo Olimpia, a football team based in Tegucigalpa, Honduras
 * Club Olimpia, a sports club based in the city of Asunción, Paraguay
 * Olímpia Futebol Clube, a football team from Brazil
 * Olimpia Elbląg, a football team from Elbląg, Poland
 * FC Olimpia Bălţi, a football team from Moldova
 * FC Olimpia Satu Mare, a football team from Satu Mare, Romania
 * FC Olimpia Volgograd, a football team from Volgograd, Russia
 * Olimpia Milano, a basketball team based in Milan, Italy
 * KK Olimpija, a defunct basketball team based in Ljubljana, Slovenia
 * Olimpia Basketball Club, a basketball team based in Venado Tuerto, Argentina

Other uses

 * Olimpia (film), a 2018 Mexican adult animated thriller film directed by José Manuel Cravioto
 * Olimpia Awards, the most important sports awards in Argentina
 * Olimpia Sports Hall, an indoor arena in Ploiești, Romania
 * Olimpia, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
 * Olímpia, a city in the Brazilian state of São Paulo
 * Olimpia, a character in E.T.A. Hoffmann's short story "The Sandman"

title: Olimpia


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Great Industrial Exhibition (1853)

The Great Industrial Exhibition in 1853 was held in Dublin, Ireland. In its day, it was the largest international event to be held in Ireland. The Irish Industrial Exhibition Building, located on the grounds of Leinster House, housed the entire fair. It lasted from 12 May to 31 October, Queen Victoria accompanied by the Prince Consort and the Prince of Wales, paid an official visit on 29 August.

Background
It was entirely funded by William Dargan, entrepreneur and developer of Irish railways. He had planned to donate $100,000 to the effort, but ended up giving $400,000. The intent of the exhibition was to introduce the industrial revolution to Ireland, which was behind some other European countries.

Irish Industrial Exhibition Building
Visitors were struck with the quality of the building more than by any of the objects that it contained. Critics described the large exhibition building and "the rapidity with which it was erected" (a few months), and "the sufficiency of its plans, and the enormous mass of its carefully worked materials." The building is described by The Illustrated Dublin Exhibition Catalogue as:

"Presenting a front to Merrion-square of 300 feet, the main or centre feature of elevation consists of a semicircular projection, which forms the Eastern termination of the Central Hall. This in a noble apartment of 425 feet in length, and 100 feet in height, covered by a semicircular roof trellis robs, in one span of 100 feet. On each side of the Centre upon trellis ribs, in one span of 100 feet. On each side of the Centre Hall, and running parallel to it for the same length, are two halls 50 feet wide, with domed roofs, similar to that which covers the main nave or hall of the building. The Height from the floor to the roof of each of these halls is 65 feet. They are approached through passages from the Centre Hall. In addition to these three halls are four compartments of 25 feet wide, running the whole length of the building; two are placed between the Centre Hall and the side halls, and two on each side of the latter; divided into sections of 25 feet square, forming convenient divisions for the purposes of classification. Over these compartments are spacious galleries, also running the length of the building, which not only afford increased space for exhibition, but form an agreeable promenade from whence the effect of the three halls may be seen to greater advantage. To the south of the Central Hall, left of the spectator, is a hall devoted to foreign contributions; adjacent to which is the Fine Arts Court, corresponding in position to the Machinery Court. The northern and southern courts have galleries running round them, from which the spectator also looks into the Central Court. The ceiling of the halls being divided into panels formed by the trellis ribs, and the other constructive parts of the building, has allowed ample opportunity for effective decoration. Light is admitted from above in one unbroken and equally distributed body. The construction of the building is strongly marked on the elevation, and forms in fact the ornamental character of the design. There are also external galleries which are attractive features. The materials of the building are iron, timber, and glass."

On 12 May 1853, when the exhibition opened, the architect (who had also been the architect for the industrial exhibition held in Cork the previous year), John Benson, was granted a knighthood. Part of the roof blew off during a storm on Christmas Eve, the year before opening.

Exhibits
Some limited Irish furniture industry was shown, including the linen and lace industry which the Irish could identify with. Also Bog wood carvings and Celtic Revival jewellery and other items were showcased, including the Tara Brooch, displayed with the modern imitations which were already fashionable. However, none of this inspired new Irish Industry.

There were a few American exhibits including Colt and Singer. Colt sold 40 pistols to the Irish prison system.

There were also some exhibits from Australia, including examples of gold from several fields.

It was the first Worlds Fair to exhibit fine arts paintings. Included in the fine arts section were the calotype photographs which had been taken by Edward King-Tenison, of Castle Tenison, Co. Roscommon of the villages and towns of Spain. E.K. Tenison had developed a technique which enabled him to enlarge his pictures to a size which were appropriate for exhibition.

British exhibits were limited to those companies who were looking for markets in Ireland, with little success. It was only during its last month that Dargan convinced the railways to offer a very inexpensive excursion rate and combined with an admission ticket for almost nothing, did some of the general Irish public get to see the crystal palace in Dublin.

Outcome
The Illustrated Dublin Exhibition Catalogue commented: ""We consider the Great Exhibition held in Dublin in the year 1853, as even a larger contribution to the wealth of these kingdoms, than the Great Exhibition which took place in London in the year 1851; and we do not doubt that His Royal Highness Prince Albert, on visiting the Irish Capital, will earnestly rejoice that his indefatigable exertions and enlightened policy – which made that year memorable – have again borne rich fruitage, and again advanced the best interest of his country.""

However, overall attendance was lower than expected at approximately 1.15 million visitors, leaving Dargan with a financial loss of approximately £9,000.

title: Great Industrial Exhibition (1853)


text: Talk:North Wiltshire

title: Talk:North Wiltshire


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mother/whore dichotomy

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge/redirect. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 22:32, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Mother/whore dichotomy

 * I don't query that this dichotomy exists, but I do wonder if we need a separate page on it. Wouldn't it be better to rework it into views of Women somewhere? Slac  speak up!  23:43, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP. It's a widely used term -- even on Wikipedia. Even if its part of a bigger subject, you give popular jargon its own article. Problem is, I have no idea what the bigger subject is.
 * Unsigned vote by Isaac Rabinovitch (talk · contributions)
 * My apologies ---Isaac R 01:58, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The exact phrase returns only 35 non-duplicative Google hits (and several of them are near duplicates). The content of those hits show that the phrase is used in a reasonably consistent manner.  Despite the low number of google hits, it appears to be a recognized phrase in post-feminism.  However, none of the available evidence supports the claims made in the current version of this article.  Delete as unverifiable unless authoritatively sourced and/or cleaned up within the discussion period.  Rossami (talk) 02:00, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Whilst the "madonna vs. whore" concept deserves an article, this isn't it. Unverifiable. Delete or rewrite completely and rename to a better name. -- The Anome 02:05, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmm. Try madonna-whore complex as a better title? (760 Google hits) -- The Anome 02:08, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Important concept but is this the right title for it. Capitalistroadster 04:18, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * PS. Would vote to keep decent article or stub but this isn't it. Delete unless improved. Capitalistroadster 04:19, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Jungian psychology? —Wahoofive | Talk 04:43, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable theory. Megan1967 07:46, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * JUST KEEP IT! Same reasons as Isaac Rabinovitch. Scott Gall 09:06, 2005 Apr 18 (UTC)
 * Keep. I think it's a good article - a widely used term. I was born in Romania, therefore I know where I stand on the scale. I'm more of a mother than a whore. I have a two-year-old son named Peter. NazismIsntCool 09:12, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per The Anome. A mention of the concept may be made at Misogyny if it isn't already. --Angr/comhrá 13:27, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I hope that those voting "keep" are undertaking to improve the quality of the article. Slac speak up!
 * Delete. Seems mostly like nonsense to me. Arkyan 03:13, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless seriously cleaned up and probably renamed. The "infamous" Tim MacKay has no article, which makes me wonder just how infamous he is. Brief mention of this theory can be made elsewhere. -R. fiend 15:53, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * You're right, the bit about Tim MacKay is probably in the author's imagination. But that's an argument for converting the article into a stub, not for deleting it. ---Isaac R 04:01, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep with a possible rewrite. It's a real term that is worthy of an article, regardless of the current state of the article. --Myles Long 20:15, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge/Redirect to misogyny. It's a highly notable concept that goes by several names; I think misogyny is the best umbrella to park it under. Don't delete it, in any case. FreplySpang (talk) 00:26, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * keep it! it's a commonly used term in Women's studies and historical feminist studies. It sounds bad, but it's an intellectual term found in university text books and journals. (Unsigned comment by User:154.5.70.9).
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Andrew Johns (triathlete)

Andrew Johns (born 23 September 1973) is a male triathlete from the United Kingdom. Johns is a former European and World Cup Champion as well as a World Championship bronze medalist.

Born in Peterborough, Johns competed at the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He was one of the three British triathletes, along with Sian Brice and Michelle Dillon, that did not finish the competition.

Four years later, at the 2004 Summer Olympics, Johns competed again. This time, he did finish. His time was 1:54:15.87 for sixteenth place.

title: Andrew Johns (triathlete)