text:
Talk:Dark-energy star

Dark star

 * merge into dark star''

This discussion is at talk:Dark star

 * Due to a page move, this is now at Talk:Dark star (Newtonian mechanics). --Christopher Thomas (talk) 06:08, 31 March 2010 (UTC)

Currency of the term
Does anyone other than Dr. Chapeline use this term? --Wtshymanski 05:19, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes; in public/publications, don't know. - RoyBoy 800 06:25, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

It seems like the article is describing what is commonly called a White Hole MikeMorley 15:43, 13 July 2005 (UTC) The latest Analog Science Fiction Science Fact pulper has an article on it. 67.68.67.165 03:50, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

 * No, I don't think so, as the speculation is that emission of dark energy would be from the same event horizon, did I get this right? 'Grey hole' might be appropriate? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.186.252.184 (talk) 09:17, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

Points needing fine-tuning
I've put a link to this article on Pages needing attention/Physics, to reflect the "needs attention" template on the article itself. Hopefully this will bring in more editors to contribute.

From PNA/Physics

 * Dark energy star - Needs to be overhauled by a physicist familiar with the models involved. As-is, several points in the description are inaccurate (noted in the article's talk page). The model has been published in reputable journals, if I'm remembering which one this is correctly. Still fringe science, for now. --Christopher Thomas 01:23, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Back to talk page
Points that I find odd in the current write-up: An excellent start, but could use more fine-tuning.--Christopher Thomas 01:37, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The description of how GR treats black holes isn't quite accurate. Infalling objects appear stationary only to distant observers, and this effect is definitely only an appearance. What actually happens depends on how you choose to measure time in the vicinity of the hole, but the infalling object measures itself to have passed through the horizon very shortly after starting to fall, and any form of measurement the distant observer could try would fail to interact with the infalling object despite an image of it being present (you can't bounce a radar pulse off the image, for instance; it's just an image formed by light that took a long time to escape from the point where it was emitted).
 * The description of an object "bouncing" after passing through the horizon seems odd, as if there's actually a horizon, it implies a causal disconnection between the regions outside and inside. If I recall correctly, the papers about this type of object described the resulting structure as having a region of very high density outside of where the horizon would be, but no event horizon. However, I'd be more comfortable if an astrophysicist could read the publications and adjust the write-up accordingly (I'm not one).
 * More detail on the "stranger effects" due to quantum fluctuations is needed. Most people know about Hawking radiation, but it should be mentioned. I also recall mentions of a fuzziness in the exact location of the event horizon, and of certain situations causing infalling objects to encounter large amounts of matter produced by interactions between the black hole and virtual particles (I'd want to look these up again before claiming they accurately represent mainstream views, though).
 * Clarification - I recall references to encountering large amounts of matter _inside_ the horizon, in the vicinity of the Cauchy horizon (as distinct from plowing through Hawking radiation of great intensity when you approach the event horizon from the outside). --Christopher Thomas 06:32, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

'Gravastar' vs 'Dark Energy Star'

 * see also Talk:Gravastar

Having read both entries and several linked pages, I am still unclear as to the distinction. Are these simply alternative names for a single concept? If so, would it not be advisable to merge the two entries?
 * Please refer to discussion here for this; and to ask any further questions. - RoyBoy 800 21:50, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * There is no useful content pertaining to the distinction between gravastars and dark energy stars on that page. Most of the thread you participated in discusses "dark stars", which are the Newtonian equivalent of black holes. Discussion of the proposed merge should either be here, or at Talk:Gravastar. --Christopher Thomas 22:22, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

"Chapline theorized that a phase transition in the phase of space occurs at the event horizon"- whats a phase of space (or am I reading this incorrectly)? "As there is no singularity to evaporate, Hawking radiation may not exist in this model of black holes." - A singularity is not required for Hawking radiation. All that is needed is a horizon. eg: see http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0106111. However, I'm not sure there is a horizon. My understanding is that collapse of matter halts before the outer surface of the matter falls over the horizon radius (certainly true for a gravastar, I'm now reading to see if a gravastar is a dark star - I'm pretty sure they aren't since they have been invented by different authors). Therefore one would not have Hawking radiation. Don't merge. But the articles need major rebuilding: both are very ambiguous on the differences. Steve Max 16:10, 13 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I got the impression that an observer outside the horizon could tell the difference between a dark energy star and a black hole but that a gravastar appears identical to a black hole outside the horizon. Namely, normal matter falling into a dark energy star would decay into dark energy before crossing the horizon. Protons would also first decay into observable positrons and photons. These quantum/dark energy effects would be observable even if the object were very massive and lacked the extreme tidal forces needed to be even noticeable in a system modelled on General Relativity alone (where an event horizon is not significant to a local observer). A gravastar seems to differ from a black hole only on the inside - where no singularity forms because of some sort of phase transition on space-time. So to sum up the differences: space changes inside the horizon of a gravastar, matter changes outside the horizon of a dark energy star.

A dark energy star is an alternative explaination to black holes in which instead of entering the star, matter is converted into dark energy. A gravastar however is a different explaination in which matter enters the star but, unlike a black hole, space keeps the matter from collapsing into a singularity. Instead the matter is compressed to a high density in the center of the star. In a black hole matter collapses into a singularity in the center of the black hole. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 66.213.78.130 (talk • contribs) on 19:13, 24 May 2006.

Revised introduction
Hi all, hypothetical speculations for possible compact objects which could avoid invoking the black hole concept which troubles so many (including some astronomers) is a legitimate topic, since this is genuine if controversial topic in the research literature. However, please try to make it clear in the first paragraph when a speculation is regarded as dubious by the majority of physicists, as is the case with gravastars. IOW, please make every attempt to keep discussion of both black holes, neutron stars, and possible other kinds of compact objects as fair and accurate as possible with regard to current scientific status. I don't want to get into Chapline et al. right now (but see recent discussion in sci.physics.research), but I took the time to try to slighly modify the introduction to better suggest the speculative status of gravastars. Even editors who feel that black holes are equally speculative should not suggest that they are not the mainstream explanation for observed black hole candidates (in fact, very few would even be as careful as I am to sometimes refer to black hole candidates rather than simply black holes). ---CH (talk) 10:35, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

New dark energy star theory
This makes for an excellent read... New Scientist Article. From my reading of that the dark energy star is a completely different beast to the gravastar or dark star which some people seem to equate it with - it should end any confusion. --LiamE 10:13, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Having said that a read a bit deeper it the article is rather similar to a gravastar as descibed in its article. Can someone please clarify the differences between the theories please. --LiamE 10:35, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

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Uh Oh, New astronomical use for the term Dark Star
We need to rename and reorganize these articles: there is a third astronomical term, "Dark Star". At the moment, the Dark star article is not well-named - as in physics and astronomy classes the term "dark star" is not commonly used for Newtonian black holes. That article needs to be renamed "Newtonian black holes", or something like that. Then, we should use the title "dark star" for this newly hypothesized category of super-huge star, powered by neutralino interactions.

 * When the very first stars lit up, they may have been fueled by the dark matter that has long eluded scientists. These "dark stars," first born nearly 13 billion years ago, might still exist today. Although they would not shed any visible light, astronomers might detect these invisible giants — some 400 to 200,000 times wider than our sun and 500 to 1,000 times more massive — because they should spew gamma rays, neutrinos and antimatter and be linked with clouds of cold, molecular hydrogen gas that normally would not harbor such energetic particles.

 * ...Among the main candidates for what dark matter is are WIMPs, or weakly interacting massive particles. One type of WIMP that scientists theorize exists is called a neutralino. These particle can annihilate each other, generating heat. They would also produce quarks and their antimatter counterparts, antiquarks, which would collide to emit gamma rays, neutrinos and antimatter such as positrons and antiprotons.

 * The researchers calculated that in the newborn universe, some 80 to 100 million years after the Big Bang, as proto-stellar clouds of hydrogen and helium tried to cool and shrink, annihilating neutralinos would have kept them hot and large. The result might be dark stars, fueled by dark matter instead of nuclear energy as in normal stars. These would have been made up largely of normal matter, mostly in the form of hydrogen and helium, but would be vastly larger and fluffier than the sun and current stars. "It's a completely new type of star with a new power source," said researcher Katherine Freese, a theoretical physicist at the University of Michigan.

 * http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/091221-mm-dark-stars.html

In summary:

 Current situation: Two articles, and one type of star is simply missing
 * [Dark-energy_star] - deals with the hypothesis that quantum mechanics dictates that black holes do not exist and are instead dark energy stars. The dark energy star is a different concept than that of a gravastar.

 * [Dark star] - a theoretical object compatible with Newtonian mechanics that, due to its large mass, has a surface escape velocity that equals or exceeds the speed of light.

 * no current article - Neutralino powered super stars created in the early universe.

 Proposed renaming
 * [Dark-energy_star] - No change - deals with the hypothesis that quantum mechanics dictates that black holes do not exist and are instead dark energy stars. The dark energy star is a different concept than that of a gravastar.

 * [Dark star] - Replace all the content!  - Neutralino powered super stars created in the early universe.

 * Newtonian black holes or Classical black holes - a theoretical object compatible with Newtonian mechanics that, due to its large mass, has a surface escape velocity that equals or exceeds the speed of light.

Let's start discussing this. We now have two articles with similar names, for three types of astronomical objects. This is confusing not only to lay readers, but even to scientists.

I have placed these same comments on the Talk:Dark star page. RK (talk) 16:32, 21 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Did you forget dark matter star for some reason? We already have an article for that concept. Replacing all the content of the dark star article would also be vandalism. 76.66.194.32 (talk) 05:01, 23 March 2010 (UTC)

This thread is duplicated across two pages. I'm archiving this copy, so that we can centralize discussion at Talk:Dark star. --Christopher Thomas (talk) 07:00, 23 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Due to a page move, the thread is now at Talk:Dark star (Newtonian mechanics). --Christopher Thomas (talk) 06:10, 31 March 2010 (UTC)

Almost no-one is interested in this concept
I wish there were some way I could say that in the article, but the comment would be reverted for sure. You can see here just one basic reason why people aren't interested in Chapline's model - it allows faster-than-light effects.

It is a sociological fact about theoretical physics that there are always people pushing ideas which no-one else is interested in and which never amount to anything. I don't just mean amateurs with websites; there are hundreds, perhaps thousands, of academic physicists around the world who have a favorite private idea, and who write series of papers across many years developing the idea, and hardly anyone even reads the papers. A significant fraction of the theory papers which appear on the famous arxiv.org site have this quality. They get onto the archive because the author is in academia - and usually that means they have done good or at least competent science at some point in their career. Chapline, for example, worked on superconductors.

Anyway, another sociological development is that sometimes a paper or a concept is lifted out of this obscurity by science journalism. Garrett Lisi's theory of everything was a big example a few years ago, but really, there are several examples each year now. A further twist is that some of these ideas which achieve media success then become popular among the many iconoclastic amateur physicists who are busy on dozens of web forums trying to overthrow relativity, quantum theory, string theory, or whatever. And another minor aspect is that Wikipedia pages get created for some of them.

It is true, of course, that obscure ideas do sometimes get discovered or reinvented many years later. But mostly it never happens. So here is the problem. There are probably many many physics articles on Wikipedia just like this one, namely, they present a speculative concept advanced by just one or two people, and there is nothing to indicate to a lay reader just how obscure and ignored the idea really is. Especially if the advocates of the idea start editing the page themselves! Mporter (talk) 09:50, 3 April 2010 (UTC)

 * What might be a useful way to deal with such articles is to redirect them to an omnibus page for alternative or fringe theories of their type, and then have a few words on that page summarizing the idea in question. (I previously did this for a "Planck matter" page, which I redirected to Induced gravity. The phrase "Planck matter" is the invention of one physicist and it has no currency within the field.) Incidentally, I'm not proposing that these omnibus pages would attempt to be comprehensive lists of every alternative theory out there - it's just a way to deal with those theories that do get onto Wikipedia and aren't so obviously crackpot as to warrant immediate deletion. Chapline's theory, for example, made it into New Scientist, so I suppose people deserve to know something about it. But apart from the summary which the page currently provides, they also deserve to know that it's totally obscure and the only person writing about it is Chapline himself. (The article currently says "a minority of physicists" are interested in the idea, which is technically true, but we're talking a very small minority.) So the current page would be redirected to something like Alternative theories of stellar evolution (it looks to me like gravastar would belong there too). Mporter (talk) 10:00, 3 April 2010 (UTC)

 * If the've been published in scientific literature, and have received at least a little press, I don't see the problem with them being in the encyclopedia. We don't have a page limit, after all. My main concerns would be with material that hadn't passed peer review somewhere, hadn't received any press, or was presented as being mainstream when it wasn't. I'm a bit of an inclusionist that way. --Christopher Thomas (talk) 15:44, 3 April 2010 (UTC)

Dark Energy Measurement
Unless my basic understanding of the term Dark energy is flawed, no one has been able to measure it. Dark Energy is a theory about unexplained phenomenon in Cosmology, hence "Dark". So the statement, "Dark energy is invisible to the human eye; however, it can be tracked with difficulty by gamma-ray astronomy." seems wrong to me on many levels. I put in a citation needed tag, but I think this statement needs more help than that. Silve Slade (talk) 18:58, 8 February 2012 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 12:50, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

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Possible merge
I suggest that this article should be merged with the article Generic object of dark energy. Jmc76 (talk) 18:54, 13 September 2019 (UTC)

event horizon telescope
didn't the imaging of the black hole with the event horizon telescope make the likelyhood of the first reference not very likely? the reference literally says "I don't think we'll see a black hole at all in the image next year, they almost certainly don't exist" 50.89.4.155 (talk) 12:09, 24 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dark-energy star


text:
Talk:Shampoo (disambiguation)

Untitled
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranma_%BD_characters#Shampoo.2FXian_Pu

Does this need to be added? I'm not sure how. But if someone thinks this is apropriate, I'm willing to learn.

I moved over the massage from Shampoo. There never was an article for it, but I figure it's better here than there.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Shampoo (disambiguation)


text:
Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency

The Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency (DCSA) is a federal security and defense agency of the United States Department of Defense (DoD) that reports to the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence. DCSA is the largest counterintelligence and security agency in the federal government and is responsible for providing personnel vetting, critical technology protection, counterintelligence, training, education and certification. DCSA services over 100 federal entities, oversees 10,000 cleared companies, and conducts approximately 2 million background investigations each year.

Background
The agency was originally established as the Defense Investigative Service and was created on January 1, 1972. In 1999, the agency changed its name to the Defense Security Service. In July 2019, DSS was reorganized as DCSA, in conjunction with the transfer of responsibility for conducting background investigations from OPM's National Background Investigations Bureau.

Responsibility
DCSA conducts personnel security investigations for 95% of the federal government, supervises industrial security, provides counterintelligence support to the cleared defense industrial base, and performs security education and training. DCSA also provides the uniformed US military services, Department of Defense agencies, 35 federal agencies, and approximately 10,000 cleared government contractor facilities with security support services. The Director of DCSA reports to the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence.

National Industrial Security Program (NISP)
DCSA administers the NISP on behalf of the Department of Defense and 35 other federal agencies. DCSA provides oversight to approximately 10,000 cleared contract companies to ensure they are adequately protecting facilities, personnel, and associated Information Technology systems from attacks and vulnerabilities.

Organization
DCSA is organized into five directorates, each of which are led by an Assistant Director and contain various subcomponents.
 * Personnel Security
 * Consolidated Adjudication Services (CAS)
 * Industrial Security
 * National Access Elsewhere Security Oversight Center (NAESOC)
 * NISP Authorization Office (NAO)
 * Security Training
 * Center for Development of Security Excellence (CDSE)
 * The National Center for Credibility Assessment (NCCA)
 * Counterintelligence & Insider Threat
 * DoD Insider Threat Management and Analysis Center (DITMAC)
 * Field Operations
 * Western Region
 * Central Region
 * Eastern Region
 * Mid-Atlantic Region

Personnel
DCSA Industrial Security Representatives, Counterintelligence Special Agents, Background Investigators, and Information System Security Professionals are credentialed Special Agents. DCSA also uses a number of contract investigators and staff to help support DCSA's various missions.

Locations
The DCSA headquarters is located on Marine Corps Base Quantico. DCSA also has 167 field offices across the United States.


text:
Bayi Rockets

The Bayi Rockets were a professional basketball team based in Nanchang, Jiangxi, China, which played in the South Division of the Chinese Basketball Association. The Rockets were the only CBA team owned and governed by the People's Liberation Army (PLA).

On 20 October 2020, The Chinese Basketball Association announced that the Rockets had withdrawn from Chinese Basketball Association (CBA) following a decision by the PLA.

History
The Bayi Rockets were founded in 1955 in Ningbo, Zhejiang. The team's founding members served in the People's Liberation Army, and the "Bayi" in its name represents the anniversary of the founding of the PLA, 1 August. There are also several other army clubs using the Bayi name in other sports leagues, including Bayi Kylin in the WCBA, the men's soccer team Bayi Zhengbang, and the women's soccer club Bayi Xiangtan.

In August 1979, the Bayi Rockets played the Washington Bullets, when the Bullets became the first NBA team to travel to China. The Bayi Rockets lost.

The Bayi Rockets have a long history that predates the current CBA. When they entered the league in its inaugural season of 1995–96, they had already won 34 national titles. They had also held a friendly international competition against the Washington Bullets (now Washington Wizards) during the 1970s. Bayi dominated the CBA in its early years, winning seven championships in the first eight seasons of CBA competition, including the first six titles in the league's existence. During the first five years of this legendary title run, the Rockets were undefeated in playoff games.

The Rockets also had a home-game unbeaten streak of 65 games that ended in 2002. But in recent years, other CBA teams have become more competitive, and Bayi would only win one more championship after its initial spree of success, with that title coming in the 2006–07 CBA season.

During the 2004–05 CBA season, the Bayi Rockets finished in third place in the South Division and defeated the Beijing Ducks in the Quarter-Finals of the CBA Playoffs, but lost in the Semi-Finals to the reigning titleholders, the Guangdong Southern Tigers. This defeat marked the first time since the league's founding that the team did not advance to the CBA Finals, and the only time in the organization's first 12 years that the club failed to reach the championship series.

The 2008–09 CBA season marked the first year that the Bayi Rockets failed to make the playoffs. After two first-round playoff exits in 2009–10 and 2010–11, the club has not made it back to the playoffs, and have become one of the worst teams in the league.

In 2018, the Bayi Rockets moved from Ningbo to their current location in Nanchang, Jiangxi.

In the 2019–20 season, Bayi ranked last in the CBA with a 6–40 record.

In May 2020, the People Liberation's Army announced that it had decided to withdraw the Rockets and Bayi Kylin from the CBA. They had not showed up in their opening game of the 2020–21 season before the announcement.

To continue the legacy left behind by the Bayi Rockets, a new team joined the CBA, residing in Ningbo again, and were known as the Ningbo Rockets. The new team commenced playing in the 2021–22 CBA season.

Honours

 * Chinese Basketball Association
 * CBA Playoff Champions (8): 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99, 1999–00, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07
 * CBA Playoff Runners-Up (3): 2001–02, 2003–04, 2005–06
 * CBA Regular Season Winners (6): 1995–96, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2006–07
 * CBA Regular Season Second Place (5): 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2005–06 (South Division), 2006–07
 * CBA Regular Season Third Place (2): 2003–04, 2004–05 (South Division)

title: Bayi Rockets