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User talk:Thardie

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Welcome, newcomer!

Here are some useful tips to ease you into the Wikipedia experience:

 * First, take a look at the Wikipedia Tutorial, and perhaps dabble a bit in the test area.
 * When you have some free time, take a look at the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines. They can come in very handy!
 * Learn about some of the Wikipedia landmarks by trying our Wikipedia scavenger hunt!
 * Remember to use a neutral point of view!
 * If you need any help, feel free to post a question at the Help Desk
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Also, here are some odds and ends that I find useful from time to time:

 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can most easily reach me by posting on my talk page.

You can sign your name on any page by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~~~~.

Best of luck, and have fun!

ClockworkSoul 04:04, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Nomination of MTV school of cinematography for deletion
A discussion has begun about whether the article MTV school of cinematography, which you created or to which you contributed, should be deleted. While contributions are welcome, an article may be deleted if it is inconsistent with Wikipedia policies and guidelines for inclusion, explained in the deletion policy.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/MTV school of cinematography until a consensus is reached, and you are welcome to contribute to the discussion.

You may edit the article during the discussion, including to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Kollision (talk) 03:47, 9 October 2010 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation: Marine Mammal Medic (August 7)
 Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reason left by Primefac was:

Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit when they have been resolved.

 * If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to Draft:Marine Mammal Medic and click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window.
 * If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Help_desk&action=edit&section=new&nosummary=1&preload=Template:Afc_decline/HD_preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:Marine_Mammal_Medic Articles for creation help desk] or on the [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Primefac&action=edit&section=new&nosummary=1&preload=Template:Afc_decline/HD_preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:Marine_Mammal_Medic reviewer's talk page].
 * You can also get Wikipedia's Live Help real-time chat help from experienced editors.

Primefac (talk) 13:52, 7 August 2015 (UTC)

Draft:Marine Mammal Medic concern
Hi there, I'm HasteurBot. I just wanted to let you know that Draft:Marine Mammal Medic, a page you created, has not been edited in 5 months. The Articles for Creation space is not an indefinite storage location for content that is not appropriate for articlespace.

If your submission is not edited soon, it could be nominated for deletion. If you would like to attempt to save it, you will need to improve it.

You may request Userfication of the content if it meets requirements.

If the deletion has already occured, instructions on how you may be able to retrieve it are available at WP:REFUND/G13.

Thank you for your attention. HasteurBot (talk) 01:36, 8 January 2016 (UTC)

Your draft article, Draft:Marine Mammal Medic

Hello, Thardie. It has been over six months since you last edited your Articles for Creation draft article submission, "Marine Mammal Medic".

In accordance with our policy that Articles for Creation is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been nominated for deletion. If you plan on working on it further, or editing it to address the issues raised if it was declined, simply and remove the  or  code.

If your submission has already been deleted by the time you get there, and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion by following the instructions at this link. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it.

Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing.  Onel 5969  TT me 12:33, 4 April 2016 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Thardie


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Category:Eisner Award winners

This category is for people and works who have won an Eisner Award.

title: Category:Eisner Award winners


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/ARCHILAB

This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this  page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was no consensus. Tony Sidaway|Talk 21:05, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

ARCHILAB
Comments from Pages needing translation:

By User:Pierregrenier in French. -- Infrogmation 18:01, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I think this page should be sent for deletion. It's not an article. It looks like a newspaper article and copyvio. It's about an architects' conference that happened in 2001 and was written BEFORE the conference. Looks like a sort of announcement that it will happen, with some general statements about architecture. What do people think? Mona-Lynn 21:06, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * If the noticeability of ARCHILAB per se can not be established (which would imply to do a mayor rewrite) I would concur with you Lectonar 06:22, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Listing for deletion is fine by me. I wanted to run it by someone with a better grasp of French before deciding to do that. -- Infrogmation 06:41, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The text is kind of dull, really. Charles Matthews 11:42, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree, this doesn't read at all like an encyclopedia article or anything that could be mangled into one. I have listed it on VfD. — Ливай | ☺ 04:05, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment: I presume this is ARCHILAB's site:, seems like a real enough architectural conference - 2004 was it's sixth year. Probably article-worthy. This article is a French press release though, needs much attention. --bainer 05:20, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Not sure if they vote is needed... but it'd be a shame to have it deleted before even translated... (unless copyvio). gren 03:48, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sal Calabro

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 18:35, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Sal_Calabro
Delete as vanity/advertising. A google for "Sal Calabro"+plastic returns 985 hits. A quick skim says most of those are www advertising link spam. Is Howard Stern connection enough to give this guy notability? I say no.Feco 04:06, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. Notable enough for me. Not badly written.  Moncrief 04:10, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable enough here, as for 985 hits, i have seen articles on here that hit a lot less yet we still have article for them. --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 04:14, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, cleanup and expand. Notable celebrity surgeon. Megan1967 07:47, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I couldn't name him, but even I recognise the face. Chris talk back 17:16, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Vegaswikian 05:57, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I wrote the article because Calabro is well-known as a Howard Stern regular, just like many other regulars about whom other articles have been written. Gladmax
 * Delete Not encyclopedic in the sense that it is about a person only known in the U.S and if we're going to write an article on every half-known television-person... well... Thechamelon 00:28, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please edit this page.


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User:Marax

Hi!

Some articles or sections I have created:
 * Historical method
 * There Be Dragons
 * Nicolas Zafra
 * Edward Grant (Historian and philosopher)
 * Thomas Goldstein (Historian of Science)
 * Interior life (Catholic theology)
 * Divine filiation
 * Thanksgiving after Communion
 * Spiritual Communion
 * Mental prayer
 * God: Sole Satisfier
 * The Way (book)
 * Catholic imagination
 * Criticism of Protestantism
 * Supernumerary
 * Relativism
 * Roman_Catholic_Church
 * Roman_Catholic_Church. This has also become a separate article: Role_of_the_Roman_Catholic_Church_in_civilization
 * Pope_Benedict_XVI
 * Agnosticism
 * Truth
 * Pontifical University of the Holy Cross - one of my alma maters
 * Raoul, founder of Vaucelles Abbey - St. Raul, my patron saint
 * Raoul of Turenne - St. Raul, another patron saint

Articles or sections where I have contributed substantially:
 * Jesus - Pliny the Younger, list of Jesus's claim to divinity, trilemma, Rabbi Neusner.
 * José_Rizal
 * Scarborough Shoal: Claim by the Philippines
 * Opus Dei
 * Teachings of Opus Dei
 * Peter Kreeft
 * Scott_Hahn
 * Christian materialism
 * Mortification of the flesh
 * Sign of contradiction
 * Deus caritas est
 * Shema Yisrael
 * Truth
 * Catholic Church - this is an old version of the article (2006) on the Catholic Church when I was contributing much to the article.

title: User:Marax


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Carl Franklin

Carl Franklin (born April 11, 1949) is an American filmmaker. Franklin is a graduate of University of California, Berkeley, and continued his education at the AFI Conservatory, where he graduated with an M.F.A. degree in directing in 1986.

Early life
Franklin grew up in Richmond, California.

He never had the opportunity to know his biological father, who had died before Carl was born. Franklin was raised by his mother and stepfather. While Franklin speaks highly of his stepfather and has called him "very loving", he has spoken about his stepfather's abusive tendencies, linking his outbursts to alcohol use. Problems at home combined with life in a tough neighborhood fueled Franklin's ambition to be the first in his family to attend college. He was awarded a scholarship to University of California, Berkeley. Franklin's initial desires to become a teacher or lawyer led him to study history upon his arrival at the university. However, after two years, Franklin changed his major to theater arts. Franklin did not actively participate in the many demonstrations at Berkeley in the period. Describing the scene, Franklin told the LA Times: "It was like a dream to me, I wasn't really sophisticated enough to join a particular movement."

Acting career
After graduation, Franklin made his theater debut as a slave in The Public Theater's production of Timon of Athens. He would go on to act in Mark Taper Forum's production of ''In the Belly of the Beast. ''

One of his first jobs was acting in the New York Shakespeare Festival, where he appeared in the Twelfth Night and Cymbeline.

Franklin began his on-screen career in the film Five on the Black Hand Side in 1973. From there, he acted in a string of guest roles on television shows such as Barnaby Jones; episode titled "Focus on Fear" (January 31, 1980). The Rockford Files, Good Times, The Incredible Hulk and The Streets of San Francisco. Over the years, Franklin's looks have typically landed him roles portraying men of power, such as members of the police force or military officials.

Between 1975 and 1985 Franklin was a regular cast member in four TV series. The first, ABC's Caribe in 1975, was a law enforcement drama that aired 13 episodes and cast him as police sergeant Mark Walters. Two years later, NBC's fantasy-science fiction series The Fantastic Journey lasted for 10 episodes, with Franklin as athletic young physician Dr. Fred Walters. After four more years, a two-hour television film, McClain's Law, led to Franklin's second police series titled, per the telefilm, McClain's Law, a modern-day NBC vehicle for Gunsmoke star James Arness, with Franklin fifth-billed as police detective Jerry Cross, but the 1981–82 series only lasted 14 episodes. Franklin's longest lasting and most recognizable acting role was his 1983–85 portrayal of Captain Crane on the popular action-adventure series The A-Team.

Film career
Inspired by the low-budget films of the 1980s, such as Chan Is Missing (1982), Franklin enrolled at the AFI Conservatory in Los Angeles in 1986.

His 30-min AFI thesis film Punk is about an African-American boy in South-central Los Angeles dealing with his sexuality and manhood.

Straight out of his Master's program, Franklin landed a job with movie producer-director Roger Corman in 1989.

While working at Concord Films, Franklin gained experience working on low-budget films, helping to crank out six films in just two years' time. From 1989 to 1990, Franklin worked on Nowhere to Run, Eye of the Eagle 2: Inside the Enemy, and Full Fathom Five, respectively, under Concord Films.

At the end of the 80s, producer Jesse Beaton was looking for a director for a film called One False Move. Remembering Franklin's short film Punk, Beaton met Carl to discuss the film's vision.

Franklin's approach to the screenplay produced a thriller of the film noir genre. The story follows three drug dealers, played by Billy Bob Thornton, Cynda Williams, and Michael Beach and their interactions with a small-town Arkansas police chief played by Bill Paxton. Far from his low-budget past, Franklin's budget of $2 million gave him a bit of room to be creative, and achieve his entire vision for the film. However, the original version of the film, which was released in 1991, was thought to be overly violent. In response to such claims, Franklin told the Observer, "I didn't want people getting excited seeing how neat someone can be killed... I want the audience to feel the emotional loss of life--the real violence is the loss, the violation of humanity. They've taken from us someone who had dreams, hopes, the same set of emotions we have."

Despite the film's lack of professional publicity, One False Move was largely promoted by word of mouth and earned itself mixed reviews. However, the reviews that were positive were very positive, gaining the project more attention. The film was named Best Film of the Year by Gene Siskel, and one of the 10 Best Films of 1992 by the National Review Board.

Franklin collaborated with producers Jonathan Demme and Jesse Beaton on adapting Walter Mosley's novel Devil in a Blue Dress after Demme acquired its film rights. Franklin directed and wrote the screenplay for the film on a US$21,000,000 budget. The film starred Denzel Washington as Ezekiel "Easy" Rawlins.

Switching to television, Franklin directed Laurel Avenue, a two-part miniseries focused on an African-American family in Minnesota for HBO in 1993. One issue in particular that stood out in the series was the issue of drug use. Franklin defended his depictions, explaining that "Drugs are a huge problem in the black community. Not to include that would be a stupid oversight. But if the subject of drugs is introduced in the context of a hardworking family that has managed to maintain unity, and the audience sees drugs as a threat to that unity, they get a much greater understanding of the problem."

Following Laurel Avenue, Franklin found himself maintaining A-list status, which allowed him to work on bigger and more visible projects, such as 1998's One True Thing. The film is an adaptation of an autobiographical story by New York journalist Anna Quindlen, following a woman (Renée Zellweger) with no option but to leave Manhattan for the small town where she was raised when her mother (Meryl Streep) is diagnosed with cancer.

Franklin went on to direct High Crimes, starring Morgan Freeman and Ashley Judd, and Out of Time, which reunited him with Devil in a Blue Dress star Denzel Washington. Since then, Franklin has largely transitioned to high-profile television work. He has worked on two series produced by Steven Spielberg, directing the pilot of science fiction drama Falling Skies and an episode of the World War II drama The Pacific. He has also collaborated on two series with David Fincher, directing four episodes each of House of Cards and Mindhunter. Franklin directed multiple critically acclaimed episodes of the HBO series The Leftovers, across all three of its seasons. His prolific television credits also include Rome, The Newsroom, Homeland, Ray Donovan, and Dahmer - Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story.

Unrealized projects
After Devil in a Blue Dress, Franklin and Denzel Washington planned to collaborate on a trilogy of films based on the Easy Rawlins character, but this never materialized.

In 1997, it was reported that Franklin had dropped out of directing Brokedown Palace, citing "creative differences" over the casting of the film. Jonathan Kaplan took over for Franklin following his departure.

In 1999, Franklin was attached as the director of the sci-fi film The Mothman Prophecies, with Richard Gere starring, before Mark Pellington was chosen.

Franklin was attached to direct Will Smith in the fourth remake of the musical A Star Is Born for Warner Bros., though Smith passed up the role in order to star in Ali.

In 2001, Franklin was announced to direct and produce a film adaptation of the novel Rescue Me, by Gigi Levangie, who sold the rights to Fox Searchlight. As of the announcement, no screenwriter was attached to adapt the story.

In 2002, it was reported that writer Sid Quashie was tapped by Paramount Pictures to adapt Susan Kelly's 1995 book The Boston Stranglers, with Franklin attached to direct. The film was scheduled to go into production that summer, with Gale Anne Hurd and Jesse Beaton producing.

In 2003, Franklin was set to direct the legal thriller The Emperor of Ocean Park for Warner Bros. Pictures from the novel by Stephen L. Carter, adapted by Stephen Schiff.

In early 2007, Franklin had been attached to direct the legal drama Tulia for Lionsgate Films, starring Halle Berry and Billy Bob Thornton. Karen Croner wrote the script for the film, based on the Nate Blakeslee book Tulia: Race, Cocaine, and Corruption in a Small Texas Town. In August that year, John Singleton took over directing duties from Franklin, who departed from the project. The film was not made.

On July 23, 2007, it was reported that Franklin would direct The Maintenance Man, the Screen Gems adaptation of Michael Baisden's novel about a gigolo in existential crisis, set to begin shooting later that year.

On July 31, 2007, it was reported that Franklin would direct Snitch for New Line Cinema, a thriller produced by Guy East and Nigel Sinclair inspired by true events chronicled in a PBS Frontline documentary. Justin Haythe, who wrote the screenplay, was to executive produce the film along with Franklin's producing partner Jesse Beaton.

On February 8, 2011, Peter Facinelli was reported to write the script for, star in and co-produce the indie crime drama El Chico Blanco, with Franklin directing. Titan Worldwide Entertainment was financing the project, which would have been shot in New Mexico.

On May 29, 2012, Meyers Media Group and McDonald Entertainment announced that they would co-finance the thriller City of Night, to be directed by Franklin, written by David Chisholm and produced by Brendan McDonald. Set against the backdrop of South Central L.A., the film follows a rookie cop who becomes the target of an elaborate psychological game to destroy him. A date for principal photography was soon to be announced, but the project did not move forward.

In March 2013, it was reported that Franklin would direct a biopic about the life of soul music singer/songwriter Sam Cooke. ABKCO Records was set to independently produce the project. As of 2015, Franklin was still developing the film, which was then in the process of being cast from a script he wrote himself, based on Peter Guralnick's biography Dream Boogie: The Triumph of Sam Cooke.

In April 2015, Franklin replaced John Singleton as director of Morgan Creek's Tupac, a biopic written by Jeremy Haft and Ed Gonzalez about rapper Tupac Shakur. Casting for the role was reportedly under way, with principal photography planned to begin in August or September.

In May 2016, Franklin was announced to be directing a film adaptation of William Faulkner's Intruder in the Dust. Our House Productions held the rights to produce the adaptation of the 1948 novel, with distribution rights for the project being sold at that year's Cannes Film Festival.

In July 2016, John Malkovich signed on to star in and executive produce Humboldt, a TV drama series to be directed by Franklin, inspired by Emily Brady's best-selling book Humboldt: Life on America's Marijuana Frontier. The project was written on spec by Michael A. Lerner, and set up at Sony Pictures Television and Anonymous Content. Despite Franklin's prolific career in television, this never came to fruition either.

In 2023, Franklin expressed interest in someday directing a feature length film of his AFI short Punk.

Race and film
Franklin says "I am interested in the universal values of the black experience."

Discussing the realities for black Americans in the television and film industry, Franklin said: "When I came up, the only legitimate dramatic actor was Sidney Poitier, the bankable star was Richard Pryor and the other choice roles were action parts that went to Jim Brown. Even someone as good as Billy Dee Williams had a couple of great moments and then couldn't get a decent part."

Personal life
Franklin married film producer Jesse Beaton, who produced One False Move (1992).

title: Carl Franklin


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fundagelical

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 18:33, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Fundagelical
Neologism. Only link is to Dake-bonoism, which is also up for deletion. RickK 04:07, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as neologism.Feco 04:10, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, neologism. Megan1967 07:46, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This isn't a term the poster made up - I've seen it before on freethinker websites, and Google shows 770 hits. Still, there isn't enough here for a full article. Redirect to fundamentalist. Firebug 09:43, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Given the way it's used here, a redirect to fundamentalist Christianity might work better. -- Smerdis of Tlön 15:39, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I have seen this term used quite often on religious forums. It's usually used in a derisive context. --Randolph 01:19, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Even if the original editor didn't make it up, it's still a neologism. --Angr/comhrá 18:39, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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File:Yossarian-holmberg--yossman--by-brian-hess--wendigo-qc2k4-2004.JPG

Yossarian Holmberg, a.k.a. yossman, at quakecon 2004. photo by Brian Hess, a.k.a. wendigo.


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Chamela

Chamela is a small town in the state of Jalisco, on the west coast of Mexico. The town of Chamela sits on the south end of a bay called the Bahía de Chamela, or "Chamela Bay", on Federal Highway 200. San Mateo and Punta Pérula are the two other towns on the bay. It is 8 miles north of the better known resort of Careyes.

Chamela was a port during Spanish colonial times, often visited by galleons. Ruins of a colonial era fortification, built by Pedro de Alvarado, still remain.

Also known as Island Bay, Chamela's islands were declared a protected nature sanctuary by the Mexican government on April 9, 2001. It is a mostly undeveloped tourism destination, although several companies have announced plans to develop resorts on the bay.

A project to develop a marina on the bay's north point (Punta Perula) has been superseded by Roberto Hernandez Ramirez plan to develop a marina in Careyes, approximately 8 miles to the south.

In 2015, the town was largely destroyed by Hurricane Patricia.

title: Chamela


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User:Yossman

"The man pictured above is an imposter." -- shogun

I have a large Johnson.

hi, i'm yossarian holmberg, a.k.a. yossman. i run the yossman.net internet hosting network, in kitchener-waterloo, ontario, canada. i also help run the byxnet IRC network, you can use irc.yossman.net if you'd like to check it out, using an IRC client, or you may also use http://webchat.yossman.net/ for a web-based entry into the IRC network (using CGI:IRC, see "http://cgiirc.org/").

this page is by no means, complete.. ;-)

y0z hates embedded shit. -- shogun

 "I am not against progress; I am against forsaking the past in the name of the future." -- yossarian holmberg / yossman.net / 2007-09-18

i'm pasting the entire contents of the 're-instated' byxnet IRC network wikipedia page (irc.yossman.net) into my user profile in an effort to get wikipedia administrators to leave this information alone somewhere on their site. i'm really disturbed at the censorship-oriented actions coming from the current wikipedia.org administration recently.

for a small group of people to be deciding what is information worthy of being published in a publicly-editable encyclopedia is self-defeatest; do wikipedia admins not realize they got to where they are today by being different than the larger organizations that impose draconian standards on what passes for 'good, verifiable' information? it is my hope that wikipedia.org saves itself from this egotistical censor-like behaviour.

-- User:yossman yossarian holmberg, yossman.net, 2008-06-09.

byxnet wikipedia.org article entry, as of 2008-06-09 at ~ 11:00pm:

Byxnet

this page was deleted from wikipedia.org on 2008-06-03 due to recent changes of wikipedia administration, deciding to be ruthlessly pro-active in deciding what is acceptable content to have on wikipedia, putting extremely short timelines on vote deadlines, and coming up with reasons for deletion that do not make much sense given the context of what we're talking about, the history of an IRC network. the following admin gave the following set of reasons:

00:12, 4 June 2008 Rjd0060 (Talk | contribs) deleted "Byxnet"  (Deleted because expired WP:PROD; Reason given: Article does not establish third party notability. Article lists no notable information for network. Possible COI. Article believed inappropriate for wikipedia.)

sending email to the people who recently edited the article would have been a good step for notifying about the pending deletion, especially given the short timeline! 'Watch This Page' would seem to be good for this type of thing, why did you guys not send an email to us when marking the page for deletion?

is this what we have to expect from wikipedia.org in the future? a continually shrinking set of articles due to a few administrator's tastes, and broken notification systems that don't warn you of major events about to take place in relation to articles being watched?

the original article follows in text-only format and will hopefully be revived to its old state once this is settled. byxnet IRC administrators would be happy to improve the article where it is possible to do so -- please give us more specific examples of where this article or topic does not meet wikipedia.org's standards at the moment, thanks.

-- User:yossman

byxnet is an IRC network, which spawned from the ashes of a combination of channels on EFnet, centered mainly around the first-person shooter gaming community of Quake, a game by Id Software, that followed their wildly popular game DOOM.

With the first servers coming online in 1997, the byxnet IRC network was officially named in 1998, formed by using the initials of the three founding people's nicknames: Bothrops, yossman (Yossarian Holmberg), and Xach. These founders maintained the first IRC servers for the network. By the end of 1999, both Xach and Bothrops had delinked; bothrops ceased running IRC services, and Xach joined the GIMP IRC network (see GIMPNet). From 2000 up to present day (2008), yossman has been the only founding member that continues to plays an active administrative role in maintaining the network, and continues to run the core byxnet IRC servers.

In February of 2001, byxnet linked with the Cognet IRC network, via irc.yossman.net and irc.catch22.org. In 2002, OpenIRC linked with the network via cognet, as irc.openirc.org. All three network names were acceptable to use when identifying the IRC network. In 2002, the anarchy.tamu.edu IRC server linked to byxnet via Cognet, after being a well-known EFnet IRC server for years.

Cognet and OpenIRC brought with them a few official Open Source project collaboration channels, such as #windowmaker, #sage, and #lopsa, and the combined networks enjoyed a five year period of co-operation and relative IRC network stability. By February 2008, OpenIRC was being scheduled for shutdown, and #lopsa had been moved to LOPSA's new official IRC network, on irc.lopsa.org.

In March of 2008, byxnet linked with dropnet, via irc.yossman.net and irc.ping.fr, at which point a total of 22 IRC servers were linked together. After a week's time, philosophical disagreements and politics surrounding the dropnet network linkage caused cognet administrators to delink from byxnet. Although efforts were made by administrators on all three networks to find common ground, byxnet and cognet did not end up re-linking, while byxnet and dropnet remain linked. At the present time there are no official plans to relink byxnet and cognet.

title: User:Yossman


text:
User talk:Sundar/Archive1

Tolkaappiyam
Hope, you're aware that someone created Tolkaappiyam page. I think, you can help/contribute for the good content. Thanks. --Rrjanbiah 08:02, 9 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * I'll look at it and try to contribute there. -- Sundar 10:51, Sep 9, 2004 (UTC)

Grantha
Finally I've found a Wikipedian who will solve this problem in no time, I hope. Can you have a look at Grantha and Talk:Grantha? Thanks in advance, Pjacobi 10:22, 17 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Though I am not an expert with scripts as such, I can see POV in the said article. Will try to learn more and attempt to neutralise the POV. -- Sundar 10:44, Sep 17, 2004 (UTC)

Tamil for "fox"
Would you be so kind to give me the Tamil translation of "fox"? I tried the U of Köln Online Dictionary, but it gave me 25 different results and I cannot judge, which one would be the most common or best matching word. --Pjacobi 17:06, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * The Tamil equivalent for fox is nari(நரி) The first syllable is pronounced as the nu in null and the second syllable is pronounced as in ribbon -- Sundar 05:25, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)

Tamil Wikipedia main page
Are you also on the Tamil Wikipedia? Or perhaps you can just forward the problem to some admin there. It seems to me that the Tamil main page is in need of some helpful advice for those visitors, whose setup cannot display Tamil Unicode. See this topic: Help_desk. IMHO downloading Mozilla with a TSCII font will give them the correct display even on old Systems like Win95 and Win98, I'm rather sure someone has done a localized package for this, but cannot give a link out of my head. --Pjacobi 18:50, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Sorry for the delay in responding, was away for the weekend. I am also on Tamil Wikipedia (though unfortunately not active). I haven't tried it on older systems. Let me try and write a note on this. -- Sundar 05:19, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)

Venpa
Hi, thanks for your note. As you've been around for a while I trust you to do the right thing. These days I confine myself to editing crypto articles and I'd like to keep it that way. Have fun. Arvindn 21:13, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

[in response to my request to comment if our paper can be linked from the Venpa article] sure. very interesting. it is nice to see your "academic honesty" in not adding your own paper, but I should say if it is on citeseer, it should be fair game anyway. cheers, dab (ᛏ) 14:05, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

RE: Thanks
Was quite busy and still busy with the hectic project. I know, you deserve for appreciation.

Incidentally, when I left Mayooranathan a message about Velupillai Prabhakaran image, I just seen your message to me there in Tamil wikipedia. Not sure, why I couldn't find your message especially when the edit history says that I did actually edit articles after that. Regarding your question: you need to contact Mayooranathan or to have admin rights to edit those pages. Perhaps this discussion I had at Pump may be helpful Village_pump/January_2004_archive_3 --Rrjanbiah 17:32, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

WikiProject Tamil
Also, what about starting a Wikipedia project on Tamil like Tamil. Lot of Tamil articles need proper categorization or should findout a better system of categorization. What do you think about that? I don't know, when I'll get time to do that. HAND. --Rrjanbiah 17:32, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the links, Rajesh. Tamil is a good idea too. I'll get to that whenever I find time. I am in the midst of a flux, let it pass. -- Sundar 05:51, Nov 30, 2004 (UTC)

 * That should be called WikiProject Tamil as per the existing conventions. -- Paddu 19:48, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Thanks Paddu. -- Sundar 06:29, Dec 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * What is meant by WikiProject Tamil. Could some one elaborate or suggest any link for refference? Thanks. Mayooranathan 07:46, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * A WikiProject is a page (or a collection of pages) in the Wikipedia: namespace where people interested in a specific topic, e.g. Tamil can collaborate to improve articles (on this English wikipedia) on the topic. For example, to improve all the Tamil-related pages, a WikiProject Tamil can be started. For example, you could look at any of the WikiProjects already started, listed in WikiProject. -- Paddu 19:14, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Tamil Wikipedia editing
Sundar,

This is regarding the message you posted in my talk page at Tamil wikipedia. I am not a software person. If it is possible to make the transliteration facility in the wikipedia, I do not have any objection. It may help many others too. What we should do? If you can do some thing in this matter it will be great. Thanks. Mayooranathan 10:03, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Mayooranathan, If you see this site, http://jaffnalibrary.com/tools/Unicode.htm, there are two text areas and if we type the way we speak, i.e. ammaa, it will convert it to Unicode. We can copy paste the Unicode text into Wikipedia. Instead, we can have a small link which will open a popup window where in if you type ammaa, it should automatically get transliterated into the corresponding Unicode form. For that we can use the code (JavaScript) used in the said page. You can view the document source of the page to see the JavaScript code. If that's tougher, we can atleast add a link to the above page from each edit page. -- Sundar 10:34, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)

 * We can also take the help of User:Pjacobi, if he is willing. -- Sundar 10:37, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)

Oops! I almost forgot about Rajesh's expertise in web technologies like PHP and JavaScript. I guess, he's the best person to work on this. -- Sundar 05:43, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks Sundar for your thoughts. Actually I had and still having the idea of developing full fledged Tamil related extension for Firefox. But, after poking my nose into pagerankstatus plugin and other plugins, I couldn't get time complete that.

 * Right now, I use a single html file with JS map. I load it in browser from the local filesystem and use it. It may not be impressive, but if you want, I will send it to you. --Rrjanbiah 11:42, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for your inputs Rajesh. Can we have some kind of browser-based (may be on the local file system or from a web server) tool that has a text area and a URL box in the upper frame and the target page for the URL in the lower frame? As we type text in the text area in the upper frame, the JavaScript should transliterate and populate the largest text area in the lower frame (in our case Wikipedia edit text area). If you click any links the target page should come in the lower frame (something like web page translation provided by http://babelfish.altavista.com/tr). Such a thing would be useful not just to me but to all wikipedians like me who are on a Unix box and use a remote desktop to edit Tamil Wikipedia. Thanks. -- Sundar 12:49, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

 * Mine has two textarea--in the lower one you type in English and in the upper one you get it in Tamil. But, it seems that you're telling something beyond that? If so, could you please be more specific?

 * If you're so particular to use only in Wikipedia, we can exploit Media wiki's individual user based JS support. That needs more hacks and tweaks; anyway, will try to do that. --Rrjanbiah 13:56, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

individual user based JS support was what I was hinting at. There should be a link in each edit page in Tamil Wikipedia. If one clicks that, a popup window can open which has a text area. If you type in that text area in English, it should automatically populate the wikipedia edit text area in Tamil. I think that this will be a useful hack, it would be great if you could do that. -- Sundar 14:03, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, understood what do you mean. I think, I will work on a tiny hack first. Selective pushing inside especially in the middle is somewhat a headache in Unicoded texts; I don't think, I'll have time to do that. Anyway, will try to do my best. HAGW. --Rrjanbiah 14:35, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thanks, Rajesh. -- Sundar 09:41, Dec 4, 2004 (UTC)

 * I did not understand most of the terminologies used here, however I understand what Sundar is expecting, and I hope that Rajesh could workout something useful for all wikipedians working in Tamil wiki. Mayooranathan 19:37, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Sundar, sorry I couldn't concentrate more on the Tamil key in script. Having Sunday alone as holiday in week is bit hecktic; now I have added a beta code at User:Rrjanbiah/monobook.js--it's quite buggy as I'm testing it. I want to shrink the textarea, but couldn't. Also, should work on help and other section. Probably will work on those stuff in this weekend. If you have any suggestions, please inform me. It has to be put up on monobook.js page (may require one or more browser refresh; will pull up keyman on "edit page"); perhaps, I should work on generalised bookmarklet, let me see. -- Rrjanbiah 12:38, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Good work, Rajesh. It's going in the right direction. Take your own time to finish debugging and adding it to the edit page. Do it when you get free time. -- Sundar 10:18, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)

I badly need beta testers:) Can you please lend some time in testing the UI?

You may need to copy User:Rrjanbiah/monobook.js to User:Sundar/monobook.js Clearing the cache or hitting refresh button once or twice should trigger the application. It triggers only in edit pages (one with "action=edit" in URL). I appends another textarea next to this usual textarea. I did a small Firefox browser check to promote it--for IE, it should exit with some alert. (You may delete the code after testing it, so that it doesn't bug you).

The problem is with the UI; it sucks a lot. Basically, it has two texareas (say, keyin for bottom; editor for top). It works in appending mode. If you type any letters in keyin, it appends the transliterated Tamil character in editor. You may also insert characters in editor by positioning the cursor and typing in keyin. If you don't select any texts in editor, keyin should clear the whole texts in it. Right now, if you select any English texts in editor, it will bug you with some debugging message.

With this UI, the problem arises when the texts in editor exceeds it's height--that is visual limit. That is, you may be seeing what you're typing in keyin--but without seeing/knowing how the text is actually converted into Tamil in editor pad.

So, the next UI I'm thinking about is using *only one* textarea and hooking it. That is, when you type anything on the textarea, it immediately gets changed/transliterated to Tamil. (That is, if you type 'd', it will be entered in the textarea as 'ட்'). This should solve the positioning and space problem, especially it should solve the focusing issue as I told above. But, I would like to know, how userfriendly it will be? Would you be willing to work in such textarea or will you be liking the one I have right now? TIA --Rrjanbiah 18:41, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I'll be your beta tester. Let me give my feedback after a while. -- Sundar 05:37, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)

Incidentally, do you have any images of Velupillai Prabhakaran? Any idea about copyright of Interpol images--can't we use them? -- Rrjanbiah 12:38, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't have any. Let me send it across if I find one. Idon't know about Interpol images. -- Sundar 10:18, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)

Ok, no problem. Probably I should get it from some LTTE webpages. --Rrjanbiah 18:41, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

New Keyman bookmarklet is available here. Looking for feedback/bug report:-) --Rrjanbiah 20:35, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Sorry, Rajesh. I wasn't very active on Wikipedia recently due to some other work. Will use the boomarklet and give you feedback. Thanks for acknowledging me on your blog. -- Sundar 10:52, Dec 28, 2004 (UTC)

I tested the older version of the keyman, and it works very well on Firefox. Doesn't seem to work directly on IE. It gives a script error there. Even on Firefox, it gives a script error in the beginning, but works perfectly. Will test your latest version soon. We should soon add this to Tamil Wikipedia. வாழ்துக்கள். -- Sundar 06:55, Jan 9, 2005 (UTC)

 * Apologies for my late response; I was wandering for sometime and not feeling well. By older version, you mean the monobook.js hack?? That version didn't work well. The bookmarklet version should work fine; I have noticed few improvements to be done and will do once I get time. Both the versions, I did are only for Firefox and if you're so particular I may also try IE version. BTW, did the bookmarklet version throw any errors in Firefox (I expect not)? Happy Pongal holidays. --Rrjanbiah 20:13, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC)

RE: recent anonymous edits to Tamil language
Hi, I saw that you have reverted recent anonymous edits to Tamil language, but it seems you've possibly unintentionally reverted many of valid edits by User:Wikiacc and myself. Or is there some special reason to have HTML tables instead of wikitables? -- Sundar 06:50, Dec 29, 2004 (UTC)

 * Sundar, sorry didn't notice this message. Anyway, good work on Tamil language. I blindly created a temp page. I'm going to add a To-do list at Talk:Tamil language. Will hopefully try to participate in improving. Keep rocking:-) --Rrjanbiah 05:23, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Thanks Rrjanbiah. -- Sundar 05:26, Jan 25, 2005 (UTC)

ta.wikipedia
May I suggest that you take the necessary steps to become an admin at ta.wikipedia, and in addition ask on wikipedia-l to at least get temporary adminship out of procedure? IMHO due to low activity the Tamil wikipedia has become a target of nonsense of vandalism, see. At least, it's as sporadic as the legit edits, so it won't cost you much time to take care. --Pjacobi 22:36, 2005 Jan 27 (UTC)

 * I don't know what it takes to be an admin and thanks to me being on a particular Unix flavoured machine, I may have to access Tamil wikipedia only through a remote desktop. I've talked to wikipedians like User:Santhoshguru, User:Sanjeeth, User:Harikishore etc. We plan to improve upon Tamil language and Tamil literature and then come back to Tamil wikipedia in about a month's time. In the mean time, we'll look at adminship. I would prefer User:Santhoshguru for that for various reasons. Thanks for your suggestion, we'll definitely find a way for Tamil wikipedia. -- Sundar 03:59, Jan 28, 2005 (UTC)

Talk:Tamil_language#Stuff_that_can_go_into_the_examples_section
-- Kishore 06:03, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Artefact is linked to a disambiguation page.
 * Components is linked to components of Object orientation
 * Just now I changed Components. Will look into artefact. Thanks. Can you adopt one column in that table? -- Sundar 06:04, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * The definition any object or process resulting from human activity is what was intended to be conveyed. -- Sundar 06:07, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)

Charts for Tamil
Can you email me the HTML source for the PNGs? Then I don't have to retype the IPA, which is somewhat ugly to do. Then, I'll do the transliteration this weekend. --Pjacobi 12:49, 2005 Feb 17 (UTC)
 * Thanks Pjacobi. I made them as Wikitables in Tamil alphabet and took a screenshot with the browser text size increased. I'll try to contribute towards addressing other concerns too. -- Sundar 12:54, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)

RE: Tamil language FAC
Can you have a please look at Featured article candidates/Tamil language and register your vote? Thanks. -- Sundar 07:34, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry I'm quite busy these days because of survival reasons. And I really appreciate your works. When I get time, I'll go through the article and will cast my vote. Keep rocking! --Rrjanbiah 18:30, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Now that Tamil language had become a FA, it would be nice if we could get it onto the front page on varudapirappu (I think that's 14th April this year, but I don't have a panchangam handy) -- Arvind 23:12, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Thiruvalluvar
Just wanted to thank you for your contribution to Thiruvalluvar. Thanks --Just my 2 cents -- Hemanshu 19:44, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sundar/Archive1


text:
Michael Angelo Taylor

Michael Angelo Taylor (1757 – 16 July 1834) was an English politician and MP for Poole. He favored parliamentary reform and was made a privy councillor in 1831.

Life
He was a son of Sir Robert Taylor (1714–1788), the architect, and his wife Elizabeth, and was educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, becoming a barrister at Lincoln's Inn in 1774. He entered the House of Commons as Member of Parliament (MP) for Poole in 1784, and, with the exception of the short period from 1802 to 1806, remained a member of parliament until 1834, although not as the representative of the same constituency.

In Parliament Taylor showed himself anxious to curtail the delays in the Court of Chancery, and to improve the lighting and paving of the London streets; and he was largely instrumental in bringing about the abolition of the pillory. At first a supporter of the younger Pitt, he soon veered round to the side of Fox and the Whigs, favored parliamentary reform, and was a personal friend of the regent, afterwards King George IV. He was on the committee which managed the Impeachment of Warren Hastings; was made a privy councillor in 1831; and died in London in July 1834.

Taylor is chiefly known in connection with the Metropolitan Paving Act 1817, which is still referred to as "Michael Angelo Taylor's Act." Often called "Chicken Taylor" because of his reference to himself as a "mere chicken in the law," he is described by Sir Spencer Walpole as "a pompous barrister, with a little body and a loud voice."

Michael Angelo challenged a codicil to his father's will, left unsigned when Sir Robert died in 1788, by means of which Sir Robert intended to gift £65,000 to the University of Oxford. The university did not receive the money, with which it built the Taylor Institution, until 1835, a year after Michael Angelo's own death.

title: Michael Angelo Taylor


text: File:Zappa Broadway The Hard Way.jpg

title: File:Zappa Broadway The Hard Way.jpg


text:
A Yellow Raft in Blue Water

A Yellow Raft in Blue Water is the debut novel of author Michael Dorris, published in 1987. It tells the story of three generations of Native American women: Rayona, who is half African-American, her mother Christine, and Christine's mother Aunt Ida. The story is told in three distinct sections, one for each woman. Throughout the book, themes of family, identity, and heritage are highlighted and examined.

Rayona
The novel begins with Rayona visiting her mother Christine in the hospital. Christine and Elgin, Rayona's father, do not get along, and Christine makes Elgin so angry that he refuses to come collect her from the hospital once she is discharged. Rayona and Christine drive to Aunt Ida's house on the reservation, where Christine leaves Rayona to get to know her grandmother. Rayona, angry at her mother, runs away and meets a priest of her school, Father Tom, and he takes her on a road trip, claiming to bring her to a retreat for teens. They stop at a park, where Father Tom molests Rayona. She gets shipped off to Seattle, by Father Tom, who puts the blame on her about the molestation, but Rayona still returns to work at Bear Paw State Park for a little while. Here, she meets workers Sky and Evelyn and stays with them for a bit before returning to the reservation. She rides in the local rodeo in the place of her cousin, who is drunk. The owner of the horse she rides turns out to be her mother's old boyfriend, Dayton, with whom Christine is staying. Although angry at first because Rayona left Aunt Ida's without leaving any information about her whereabouts, Christine eventually reconciles with her daughter.

Christine
The second section of the novel is Christine's story. Christine has a brother named Lee, who is the handsomest boy in town. Christine doubts that she and Lee have the same father, since Lee is gorgeous and Christine is not, but Aunt Ida won't tell them. Christine and Lee aren't allowed to call Aunt Ida "mom" because she tells them was never married and feels it's not right. Christine is attracted to her brother's friend Dayton. During the Vietnam War, Christine receives mail from Dayton saying Lee is Missing In Action.

Christine, that night, is at a bar where she meets Elgin, a soldier who promises to bring Lee back. Christine thinks she has finally found love, especially at first sight, but it is lust at first sight. Elgin and Christine conceive Rayona in Tacoma, and they soon get married. Not able to have sex with Christine was taxing on Elgin, and he is gone most of the time, always in and out of Christine's life. She finally leaves and goes to the reservation.

Christine finds out she had worn herself down with all the alcohol, and she only has six months to live.

Christine gets weaker and can handle only one task a day. Dayton fixed her old car and Christine and Dayton decided to teach Rayona how to drive. One day while Dayton and Rayona are at a stud appointment for their horse, Father Tom appears at the house and drops off a bottle of pain pills, but leaves quickly after Christine starts to say that Aunt Ida had mentioned something about him. Dayton comes back and describes the trouble he had with his horse at the stud: the horses had fallen in love and did not want to be separated. That afternoon Christine gives Rayona her prize silver ring as a gesture of reconciliation.

Ida
Ida's aunt Clara arrives on the reservation to help with Annie, Ida's sick mother. Ida and her sister Pauline are excited to have a sophisticated city girl in the house.

Clara gets pregnant with Lecon's baby (Lecon being Ida's father). Clara and Ida then move to a convent, and Ida promises to be the legal mother of Christine at the stunning age of 15. The nuns tell her to be called "Aunt Ida" instead of mother, since she and Christine are technically sisters.

Clara visits a few times, threatening to take Christine and put her up for adoption, but Ida refuses every time.

Several years later, Willard Pretty Dog, returns from the war. Willard was once the most attractive boy on the reservation, but is now rumored to be hideously deformed from combat injuries. Ida helps to take care of him, and then Ida gets pregnant with Willard's baby, with whom she names Lee. After Willard undergoes serious plastic surgery and is handsome as he was before, he tells his mother that "Ida may not be pretty or smart, but she was there for me when no one else was." Ida is heartbroken and breaks off the relationship between them.

Ida lives her life with Christine and Lee, revealing her favoritism towards Christine and her dislike for Lee, claiming he is whiny and always needs attention, contradictory to Christine's belief that Ida likes Lee more.

Christine and Ida on the roof of their house, awaiting the end of the world as predicted in a chain letter Christine received. Ida does not believe in the letter, but she is willing to humor Christine. The final lines describe Ida pantomiming the action of braiding, symbolizing the intertwining destinies of family.

Characters in A Yellow Raft in Blue Water

 * Rayona Diane Taylor – a main protagonist; daughter of Christine and Elgin
 * Christine George Taylor – a main protagonist; mother of Rayona
 * Aunt Ida George – a main protagonist; legal mother of Christine
 * Elgin Taylor – Christine's (separated) husband; Rayona's father
 * Lee George – Christine's brother
 * Dayton Nickles – Lee's friend
 * Father Hurlburt – priest at the reservation mission; Ida's close friend
 * Father Tom Novak – assistant priest at the reservation mission.
 * Pauline George Cree – Ida's sister
 * Dale Cree – Pauline's husband; Foxy's father
 * Polly Cree – Dale's mother
 * Buster Cree – Dale's father
 * Willard Pretty Dog – a reservation man and veteran; biological father of Lee
 * Mrs. Pretty Dog – Willard's mother
 * Kennedy "Foxy" Cree – Rayona's cousin; son of Pauline
 * Annabelle Stiffarm – Foxy's girlfriend
 * Clara – Annie's sister; Christine's biological mother
 * Annie George – Ida and Pauline's mother; Lecon's wife
 * Lecon George  – Ida, Pauline, and Christine's father; Annie's husband
 * Ellen DeMarco – lifeguard at Bearpaw Lake
 * Mr. and Mrs. DeMarco – Ellen's parents
 * Norman "Sky" Dial – owner of the Conoco gas station near Bearpaw Lake; husband of Evelyn Dial
 * Evelyn Dial – chef at Bearpaw Lake; wife of Sky
 * Charlene – Seattle pharmacist; Christine's friend and neighbor
 * Mr. McCutcheon – Bearpaw Lake maintenance supervisor
 * John, Andy, and Dave – other Bearpaw Lake employees

title: A Yellow Raft in Blue Water


text:
Theaetetus (mathematician)

Theaetetus of Athens (Θεαίτητος Theaítētos; c. 417 – c. 369 BCE), possibly the son of Euphronius of the Athenian deme Sunium, was a Greek mathematician. His principal contributions were on irrational lengths, which was included in Book X of Euclid's Elements and proving that there are precisely five regular convex polyhedra. A friend of Socrates and Plato, he is the central character in Plato's eponymous Socratic dialogue.

Theaetetus, like Plato, was a student of the Greek mathematician Theodorus of Cyrene. Cyrene was a prosperous Greek colony on the coast of North Africa, in what is now Libya, on the eastern end of the Gulf of Sidra. Theodorus had explored the theory of incommensurable quantities, and Theaetetus continued those studies with great enthusiasm; specifically, he classified various forms of irrational numbers according to the way they are expressed as square roots. This theory is presented in great detail in Book X of Euclid's Elements.

Theaetetus was one of the few Greek mathematicians who was actually a native of Athens. Most Greek mathematicians of antiquity came from the numerous Greek cities scattered around the Ionian coast, the Black Sea and the whole Mediterranean basin.

He evidently resembled Socrates in the snubness of his nose and bulging of his eyes. This and most of what is known of him comes from Plato, who named a dialogue after him, the Theaetetus. He apparently died from wounds and dysentery on his way home after fighting in an Athenian battle at Corinth, now presumed to have occurred in 369 BC; some scholars argue alternately for 391 BC as his date of death, the date of an earlier battle at Corinth.

The crater Theaetetus on the Moon is named after him.

title: Theaetetus (mathematician)


text:
Kerala backwaters

The Kerala backwaters are a network of brackish lagoons and canals lying parallel to the Arabian Sea of the Malabar coast of Kerala state in south-western India. It also includes interconnected lakes, rivers, and inlets, a labyrinthine system formed by more than 900 km of waterways, and sometimes compared to bayous. The network includes five large lakes linked by canals, both man made and natural, fed by 38 rivers, and extending virtually half the length of Kerala state. The backwaters were formed by the action of waves and shore currents creating low barrier islands across the mouths of the many rivers flowing down from the Western Ghats range. In the midst of this landscape there are a number of towns and cities, which serve as the starting and end points of backwater cruises. There are 34 backwaters in Kerala. Out of it, 27 are located either closer to Arabian Sea or parallel to the sea. The remaining 7 are inland navigation routes.

The backwaters have a unique ecosystem: freshwater from the rivers meets the seawater from the Arabian Sea. A barrage has been built near Thanneermukkom, so salt water from the sea is prevented from entering the deep inside, keeping the fresh water intact. Such fresh water is extensively used for irrigation purposes. Many unique species of aquatic life including crabs, frogs and mudskippers, water birds such as terns, kingfishers, darters and cormorants, and animals such as otters and turtles live in and alongside the backwaters. Palm trees, pandanus shrubs, various leafy plants, and bushes grow alongside the backwaters, providing a green hue to the surrounding landscape.

Hydrography
National Waterway 3 from Kollam to Kottappuram, covers a distance of 205 km and runs almost parallel to the coastline of southern Kerala facilitating both cargo movement and backwater tourism. Vembanad is the largest of the lakes, covering an area of 2033 km2. The lake has a large network of canals that meander through the region of Kuttanad. The important rivers from north to south are the Valapattanam 110 km, Chaliyar 169 km, Kadalundipuzha 130 km, Bharathappuzha 209 km, Chalakudy 130 km, Periyar 244 km, Pamba 176 km, Achankovil 128 km, Meenachil 75 km, and Kalladayar 121 km. Other than these, there are 35 more small rivers and rivulets flowing down from the Ghats. Most of these rivers are navigable up to the midland region, in country crafts.

Vembanad Lake is the longest backwater in Kerala, as well as the longest lake in India. The Kochi city, Kuttanad, Kumarakom, and Pathiramanal Island are located in this long backwater. The Vellayani Lake, the Pookode Lake, and the Sasthamcotta Lake are the freshwater lakes in Kerala. Sasthamcotta is the largest among them. The Kerala backwaters host three of the world’s Ramsar Convention-listed wetlands: Ashtamudi Lake, Sasthamkotta Lake, and the Vembanad-Kol wetlands are noted as being wetlands of international importance.

Houseboats

Kettuvallam (Kerala houseboats) in the backwaters are one of the prominent tourist attractions in Kerala. More than 2,000 of these ply the waterways. The Kerala government has classified the tourist houseboats as platinum, gold, and silver.

The Kettuvallam were traditionally used as grain barges, to transport the rice harvested in the fertile fields alongside the backwaters. Thatched roof covers over wooden hulls, 100 ft in length, providing protected from the elements. At some point in time, the boats were used as living quarters by the royalty. Converted to accommodate tourists, the houseboats have become floating cottages having a sleeping area, with western-style toilets, a dining area and a sit out on the deck. Most tourists spend the night on a houseboat. Food is cooked on board by the accompanying staff—mostly having a flavour of Kerala. The houseboats are of various patterns and can be hired as per the size of the family or visiting group. The living-dining room is usually open on at least three sides providing a grand view of the surroundings, including other boats, throughout the day when it is on the move. It is brought to a standstill at times of taking food and at night. After sunset, the boat crew provide burning coils to drive away mosquitoes. Ketuvallam are motorised but generally proceed at a slow speed for smooth travel. All Ketuvallam have a generator and most bedrooms are air-conditioned. At times, as per the demand of customers, electricity is switched off and lanterns are provided to create a rural setting

Beypore, located 10 km south of Kozhikode at the mouth of the Chaliyar River, is a famous fishing harbour, port and boatbuilding centre. Beypore has a 1,500-year tradition of boatbuilding. The skills of the local shipwrights and boatbuilders have widely sought after.

Ferry services
Regular ferry services connect most locations on both banks of the backwaters. The Kerala State Water Transport Department operates ferries for passengers as well as tourists. It is the cheapest mode of transport through the backwaters.

Resorts
Ashtamudi lake, which was a sleepy destination for years, has been transformed into a busy tourist destination with plush resorts around the Lake and the backwaters.

Impact on ecosystem
The unregulated proliferation of motorised houseboats in the lakes and backwaters has raised concerns regarding the adverse impact of pollution from diesel engines and outboard motors on the fragile ecosystem.

Economic significance
Connected by artificial canals, the backwaters form an economical means of transport, and a large local trade is carried on by inland navigation. Fishing, along with fish curing, is an important industry.

Kerala backwaters have been used for centuries by the local people for transportation, fishing and agriculture. The region has supported the efforts of the local people to earn a livelihood. In more recent times, agricultural efforts have been strengthened with the reclamation of some backwater lands for rice growing, particularly in the Kuttanad area. Boat-making has been a traditional craft, so has been the coir industry. Kuttanad region is crisscrossed with waterways that run alongside extensive paddy fields, as well as fields of cassava, banana and yam. The crops are grown on the low-lying ground and irrigated with fresh water from the canal and waterways connected to Vembanad lake. Palakkad, the granary of Kerala, lies on the bank of Bharathappuzha river. Thrissur-Ponnani Kole Wetlands are fertile. Ponnani Kole Wetlands lie on the bank of Biyyam backwater. The area is similar to the dikes of the Netherlands, where land has been reclaimed from the sea and crops are grown.

Ecological significance
Vembanad Wetland is included in the list of wetlands of international importance, as defined by the Ramsar Convention for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands.

Boat races
Chundan vallams or snake boats are narrowboats over 100 ft long, with a raised prow that stands 10 ft above water and resembles the hood of a snake. Traditionally these were used by local rulers to transport soldiers during waterfront wars. In modern times, it has spawned a new sport – the Vallam Kali (boat race). Each Chandan vallam accommodates about a hundred muscular oarsmen.

Boat races are occasions of great excitement and entertainment with thousands gathered on the banks to watch and cheer. Most of these races are held in the Kuttanad Region

The boat races starts with Champakulam Moolam Boat Race which is held on the Pamba River in the village Champakulam on Moolam day (according to the Malayalam Era M.E) of the Malayalam month Midhunam, the day of the installation of the deity at the Ambalappuzha Sree Krishna Temple.

When Jawaharlal Nehru visited Kerala in 1952, four traditional Chundan valloms went to receive him. A snake boat race was organized for him. He was so impressed that when he went back to Delhi, he sent back a gleaming silver trophy for a boat race. Even today, the 1.5 km Nehru Trophy Boat Race is the most prestigious.

The Thazhathangadi boat race held every year on the Meenachil river, at Thazhathangadi, Kottayam is one of the oldest and most popular boat races in the state. In 1956, emperor of Ethiopia, Haile Selassie visited Thazhathangadi during his imperial tour of India, and witnessed the boat race. Subsequently winners of the race were given the Haile Selassie Ever rolling trophy.

Other renowned boat races are: Indira Gandhi Boat Race, Champakulam Moolam Boat Race, Aranmula Uthrattadi Vallamkali, Payippad Jalotsavam, Kallada Boat Race and Kumarakom Boat Race.

Kuttanad

Important in the ancient history of South India, Kuttanadu is a region spanning the Alappuzha and Kottayam districts; it is well known for its vast paddy fields and geographical peculiarities. The region is the lowest lying of any in India and is one of the few places in the world where farming is carried around 1.2 to 3.0 metres (4 to 10 ft) below sea level. Four of Kerala's major rivers—the Pamba, Meenachil, Achankovil, and Manimala—flow into the region, and it is well known for its boat races.

Vembanad Lake, the largest lake in Kerala is at the heart of Backwater tourism, with hundreds of kettuvallams plying it and with numerous resorts on its banks. The Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary is located on the east coast of the lake.

The major occupation in Kuttanadu is farming, with rice the most important agricultural product; it is the major rice producer in the state. This activity gives the area its moniker of "The Rice Bowl of Kerala". Large farming areas near Vembanad Lake were reclaimed from the lake. In 2013, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations formally declared the below-sea-level farming system in Kuttanad as Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS).

Kollam
Kollam (earlier known as Quilon) was one of the leading trade centres of the ancient world, eulogised by travellers such as Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo. It is also the starting point of the backwater waterways. The Ashtamudi Kayal, known as the gateway to the backwaters, covers about 30 per cent of Kollam. Sasthamcotta Kayal, the large freshwater lake is 28.5 km from Kollam city.

Islands of Kollam
Islands are the eye-catching factors as well as the beauty of Lake Ashtamudi, Kollam. Most of these islands are potential tourism spots in the state. The Indian Railways also planning to develop one of the islands in Kollam for a tourism project. There are big as well as small islands which are inhabited and uninhabited by human beings. There are more than 15 islands in Ashtamudi Lake. The important islands in Kollam are:
 * Munroe Island
 * Chavara Thekkumbhagom
 * Perungalam
 * St. Sebastian Island
 * San Thome Island
 * Pezhumthuruth
 * Kakkathuruth
 * Pattamthuruth
 * Paliyanthuruthu (Palliyamthuruthu)
 * Neettum thuruth
 * Puthenthuruth
 * Poothuruth
 * Pannaykkathuruth
 * Veluthuruth
 * Neeleswaram thuruth

Estuaries of Paravur

Paravur Estuaries lie near to the south-western coast of Kollam. The place is world-famous for its natural beauties, backwater locations, white-sand beaches and concentration of temples in every square kilometer. The peninsula of Paravur is one of the most visited in Kollam district. Both north and south tips of Paravur town have both peninsula and estuary. Pozhikara is north and Thekkumbhagam is south of Paravur. One more estuary mouth in Pozhikara, which is very close to Pozhikara Devi Temple, which has breached in 2014 under the supervision of Water Resources Department (WRD), after a long gap of 14 years.

Munroe Island
Munroethuruth or Munroe Island is a place surrounded by Kallada River, Ashtamudi Lake and Sasthamkotta Lake in Kollam district, Munroe Island is a cluster of eight tiny islands, Blessed with a number of criss-cross canals and zigzag water channels, this Island plays a host to many migratory birds from various countries around the world. You can watch birds such as Kingfisher, Woodpecker, Egret, Bee-eater, Crow pheasant, and Paddy Birds. There is yet another rare chance to see the traditional Indian spice plants such as Pepper, Nutmeg and Cloves.

The first community tourism programme in the State will start functioning from the MunroeThuruthu islands. Coir making is a home industry to almost all the village living people. It is very interesting to watch the coir making by the village ladies with the help of weaving Wheels. They make the coir ropes by hand. In addition to this, on the way, you can see the process of extracting coconut oil from the "copra" [dried coconut]. Among the routine traditional engagements, duck, poultry farm and prawn breeding are common in all houses.

Vellayani Lake
It is one of the freshwater lakes in Kerala. It is located in the city of Thiruvananthapuram, which is also Kerala's administrative headquarters. It is located nearer to Kovalam beach.

Thiruvallam
Thiruvallam backwaters are just 6 km from Thiruvananthapuram, the state capital. Known for its canoe rides, Thiruvallam is becoming increasingly popular with tourists. Two rivers, the Killi and the Karamana, come together at Thiruvallam. Not far from Thiruvallam is the Veli Lagoon, where there are facilities for water sports, a waterfront park and a floating bridge. The Akkulam Boat club, which offers boating cruises on Akkulam Lake and a park for children, is also a popular tourist attraction near Thiruvallam.

Pookode Lake
Wayanad is home to one of the state's freshwater lakes - Pookode Lake. It is also one of the 7 inland navigation backwaters in Kerala. Panamaram, the rivulet which ultimately becomes Kabani River, originates from the Pookode lake. It is spread across an area of 8.5 hectares and with a maximum depth of 6.5 metres.

Kannur
Kavvayi backwater is a stunningly beautiful backwater destination tucked away near Payyannur in the district of Kannur. Kavvayi Backwaters form the biggest wetland in north Kerala. With its five rivers, the Kavvayi River, and its tributaries- Kankol, Vannathichal, Kuppithodu, and Kuniyan – flows together to form the Kavvayi kayal. Adorned with many small islands, a relaxing boat ride in these waters is the best way to enjoy the mesmerizing greenery of the surroundings.

Kasargod
Kasargod in north Kerala is a backwater destination, known for rice cultivation, coir processing and lovely landscape, it has the sea to the west and the Western Ghats to the north and east. Cruise options are Chandragiri and Valiyaparamba near Kavvayi Backwater. Chandragiri has situated 4 km to the southeast of Kasargod town and takes tourists to the historic Chandragiri fort. Valiyaparamba is a scenic backwater stretch near Kasargod. Four rivers flow into the backwaters near Kasargod and there are many small islands along these backwater stretches, where birds can be seen.

Kozhikode
Kozhikode (also known as Calicut) has backwaters which are largely unexplored by tourist hordes. Elathur, the Canoly Canal and the Kallayi River are favourite haunts for boating and cruising. Korapuzha, the venue of the Korapuzha Jalotsavam, is a popular water sports destination.

Malappuram
The coastal region of Malappuram contains the backwaters like Biyyam, Manoor, Veliyankode, Kodinhi, etc. Biyyam backwater which lies south of Bharathappuzha river (which is also the second longest river of Kerala) is the largest among them. Biyyam backwater and Conolly Canal together empties into Arabian Sea near Puthuponnani promontory.

Literature
Two prominent writers in the region are Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai and Arundhati Roy.

Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, (1912–1999), the Padmabhusan and Jnanpith and Sahitya Akedemi award-winning writer, was born in Thakazhi village in Alappuzha district. He wrote in Malayalam. His novel Chemmeen has been translated into most Indian languages and several foreign languages.

Arundhati Roy (born 1961) was brought up in Ayemenem near Kottayam, and her Booker Prize–winning The God of Small Things is set in Kerala.

Movies
A number of movies were filmed in the backwaters around Alleppey and other parts of the state. Some other major movies include
 * Numerous Malayalam movies
 * Most scenes of Tamil movie Autograph and Kannada movie My Autograph
 * Crucial scenes in Tamil movie Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa and its remakes in Hindi Ekk Deewana Tha, Telugu Ye Maaya Chesave
 * Song "Jiya jale" and Scenes in Hindi movie Dil Se..
 * Hindi movie Tashan
 * Hindi film Alone
 * Tamil movie Kuselan

title: Kerala backwaters


text:
Talk:Heil dir im Siegerkranz

Untitled
A translation would be cool --Grevlek 04:15, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)

Provided, although it could use some edits. Brutannica 01:24, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The translation is more precise now. Feel free to smooth the English...

 * Thanks, although I didn't understand some of the edits in stanza 4. Also, my dictionary says "majestic" is a better translation for "hehr," "noble" being used more for people. And I hope "many a year" will suffice for "lang"... Brutannica 03:08, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I suggest to alter the translation in stanza 1 ("Feel in the throne's glow, The high ecstasy in full, To be darling of thy people!) as follows "Fell in the throne's splendour, The delight in full, to be the favourite of thy people!" 89.50.29.45 (talk) 12:46, 27 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Why does the translation use older English pronouns like thee and thine? The translation of those words should be you and your since thee and thy are no longer used in English and are what my German textbook translates sein, dir, etc as.  Emperor001 (talk) 20:24, 31 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Because it's somewhat apt to an anthem, and because it is, as an information about culture, not altogether insignificant that the Emperor was, here, thoued instead of talked to with, at the very least, courtesy pronouns, if not an ever-repeated "Your Majesty" (as one would have in "real life").--2001:A60:1500:C801:28ED:4F5A:B446:5915 (talk) 11:46, 12 June 2015 (UTC)

The text was originally written for a Danish king
Most of this text was originally written in honour of King Christian VII of Denmark, this should be reflected somehow. There is a little more information about it here: Valentinian (talk) / (contribs) 22:43, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 10:48, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

Royal English Anthem
Accidentally, the melody is identical with "God Save The Queen". Should be mentioned. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.157.60.188 (talk) 01:43, 7 April 2012 (UTC)

Audio sample
Th audio sample is that of the anthem of Lichtenstein. Antondimak (talk) 21:06, 10 July 2017 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. Community Tech bot (talk) 21:06, 2 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Heil-dir-im-Siegerkranz.ogg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 09:22, 14 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Heil dir im Siegerkranz (recording version).ogg

"Kaiser Wilhelm" always referred to Wilhelm I?
The words "Kaiser Wilhelm" now refer to Wilhelm II, but I think Wilhelm I was meant irrespective of the present ruler - they did not change it to "Kaiser Friedrich" during Friedrich III's reign, and Wilhelm II built up quite a cult around his grandfather (which obviously rubbed off on himself). --Ilja.nieuwland (talk) 18:30, 17 April 2021 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 16:37, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Heil dir im Siegerkranz (Kaun).ogg

title: Talk:Heil dir im Siegerkranz


text:
Viva Voce (band)

Viva Voce was an American indie rock band from Portland, Oregon, formed by Kevin Robinson and Anita Robinson. Their music drew on several influences including psychedelic rock, classic rock, folk and R&B.

History
The Robinsons formed Viva Voce in 1998 in their native Muscle Shoals, Alabama and later relocated to Nashville and then the Portland area in 2003. Their first album, Hooray for Now, was released in 1998. The band formed their own label, Amore!Phonics, and released Lovers, Lead the Way! in 2003 in conjunction with Asthmatic Kitty Records. The follow-up, The Heat Can Melt Your Brain, was released in 2004 and received positive critical response and heightened exposure for the band.

Broadening their fanbase worldwide, Viva Voce toured extensively in Europe after signing with UK indie label Full Time Hobby. They toured with The Shins and Jimmy Eat World. Their fourth album, Get Yr Blood Sucked Out, was released August 21, 2006 in Europe and September 12, 2006 in the USA. After playing their final show of 2007 on September 6 during MusicfestNW, Kevin announced that Viva Voce would be working on their new album and would continue touring in 2008.

For the 2009 album Rose City, two more band members were hired for touring, Evan Railton and Corrina Repp.

Viva Voce's sixth, and final, studio album, The Future Will Destroy You, was released on June 21, 2011 on Vanguard Records. It received positive reviews from numerous music outlets. Paste Magazine gave the album a 7.2 out of 10.

The band split up in 2013 when Kevin and Anita divorced.

Albums

 * Hooray for Now – (1998, Cadence)
 * Lovers, Lead the Way! – (2003, Asthmatic Kitty)
 * The Heat Can Melt Your Brain – (2004, Minty Fresh)
 * Get Yr Blood Sucked Out – (2006, Barsuk Records)
 * Rose City – (2009, Barsuk Records)
 * The Future Will Destroy You – (2011, Vanguard Records)

Singles and EPs

 * Weightless (CD) – 2000
 * Scissors and Blue Series, Vol. 3 (split w/ Soul-Junk) (CD) – Velvet Blue Music 2002
 * Live at KEXP (CD) – Amore!Phonics, 2004
 * Alive With Pleasure (double 7-inch & 7-inch vinyl) – Full Time Hobby, 2005
 * Center of the Universe (double 7-inch) – Full Time Hobby, 2005
 * Wrecking Ball (7-inch vinyl) - Full Time Hobby, 2005
 * From the Devil Himself (7-inch vinyl) - Full Time Hobby, 2006
 * Faster than a Dead Horse (7-inch vinyl) - Full Time Hobby, 2006
 * Viva Voce Loves You EP - Full Time Hobby, 2007

Compilation album contributions

 * "God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen", "Jolly Old Saint Nicolas" and "What Child is This" on Love, Peace, and Joy (CD) - Cadence, 1997
 * "Eye in the Sky" (Allan Parsons Project cover) on Bridging the Distance (CD) - Arena Rock Recording, 2007

title: Viva Voce (band)


text:
Iron cycle

The iron cycle (Fe) is the biogeochemical cycle of iron through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and lithosphere. While Fe is highly abundant in the Earth's crust, it is less common in oxygenated surface waters. Iron is a key micronutrient in primary productivity, and a limiting nutrient in the Southern ocean, eastern equatorial Pacific, and the subarctic Pacific referred to as High-Nutrient, Low-Chlorophyll (HNLC) regions of the ocean.

Iron exists in a range of oxidation states from -2 to +7; however, on Earth it is predominantly in its +2 or +3 redox state and is a primary redox-active metal on Earth. The cycling of iron between its +2 and +3 oxidation states is referred to as the iron cycle. This process can be entirely abiotic or facilitated by microorganisms, especially iron-oxidizing bacteria. The abiotic processes include the rusting of iron-bearing metals, where Fe2+ is abiotically oxidized to Fe3+ in the presence of oxygen, and the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ by iron-sulfide minerals. The biological cycling of Fe2+ is done by iron oxidizing and reducing microbes.

Iron is an essential micronutrient for almost every life form. It is a key component of hemoglobin, important to nitrogen fixation as part of the Nitrogenase enzyme family, and as part of the iron-sulfur core of ferredoxin it facilitates electron transport in chloroplasts, eukaryotic mitochondria, and bacteria. Due to the high reactivity of Fe2+ with oxygen and low solubility of Fe3+, iron is a limiting nutrient in most regions of the world.

Ancient earth
On the early Earth, when atmospheric oxygen levels were 0.001% of those present today, dissolved Fe2+ was thought to have been a lot more abundant in the oceans, and thus more bioavailable to microbial life. Iron sulfide may have provided the energy and surfaces for the first organisms. At this time, before the onset of oxygenic photosynthesis, primary production may have been dominated by photo-ferrotrophs, which would obtain energy from sunlight, and use the electrons from Fe2+ to fix carbon.

During the Great Oxidation Event, 2.3-2.5 billion years ago, dissolved iron was oxidized by oxygen produced by cyanobacteria to form iron oxides. The iron oxides were denser than water and fell to the ocean floor forming banded iron formations (BIF). Over time, rising oxygen levels removed increasing amounts of iron from the ocean. BIFs have been a key source of iron ore in modern times.

Terrestrial ecosystems
The iron cycle is an important component of the terrestrial ecosystems. The ferrous form of iron, Fe2+, is dominant in the Earth's mantle, core, or deep crust. The ferric form, Fe3+, is more stable in the presence of oxygen gas. Dust is a key component in the Earth's iron cycle. Chemical and biological weathering break down iron-bearing minerals, releasing the nutrient into the atmosphere. Changes in hydrological cycle and vegetative cover impact these patterns and have a large impact on global dust production, with dust deposition estimates ranging between 1000 and 2000 Tg/year. Aeolian dust is a critical part of the iron cycle by transporting iron particulates from the Earth's land via the atmosphere to the ocean.

Volcanic eruptions are also a key contributor to the terrestrial iron cycle, releasing iron-rich dust into the atmosphere in either a large burst or in smaller spurts over time. The atmospheric transport of iron-rich dust can impact the ocean concentrations.

Oceanic ecosystem
The ocean is a critical component of the Earth's climate system, and the iron cycle plays a key role in ocean primary productivity and marine ecosystem function. Iron limitation has been known to limit the efficiency of the biological carbon pump. The largest supply of iron to the oceans is from rivers, where it is suspended as sediment particles. Coastal waters receive inputs of iron from rivers and anoxic sediments. Other major sources of iron to the ocean include glacial particulates, atmospheric dust transport, and hydrothermal vents. Iron supply is an important factor affecting growth of phytoplankton, the base of marine food web. Offshore regions rely on atmospheric dust deposition and upwelling. Other major sources of iron to the ocean include glacial particulates, hydrothermal vents, and volcanic ash. In offshore regions, bacteria also compete with phytoplankton for uptake of iron. In HNLC regions, iron limits the productivity of phytoplankton.

Most commonly, iron was available as an inorganic source to phytoplankton; however, organic forms of iron can also be used by specific diatoms which use a process of surface reductase mechanism. Uptake of iron by phytoplankton leads to lowest iron concentrations in surface seawater. Remineralization occurs when the sinking phytoplankton are degraded by zooplankton and bacteria. Upwelling recycles iron and causes higher deep water iron concentrations. On average there is 0.07±0.04 nmol Fe kg−1 at the surface (<200 m) and 0.76±0.25 nmol Fe kg−1 at depth (>500 m). Therefore, upwelling zones contain more iron than other areas of the surface oceans. Soluble iron in ferrous form is bioavailable for utilization which commonly comes from aeolian resources.

Iron primarily is present in particulate phases as ferric iron, and the dissolved iron fraction is removed out of the water column by coagulation. For this reason, the dissolved iron pool turns over rapidly, in around 100 years.

Interactions with other elemental cycles

The iron cycle interacts significantly with the sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles. Soluble Fe(II) can act as the electron donor, reducing oxidized organic and inorganic electron receptors, including O2 and NO3, and become oxidized to Fe(III). The oxidized form of iron can then be the electron acceptor for reduced sulfur, H2, and organic carbon compounds. This returns the iron to the reduced Fe(II) state, completing the cycle.

The transition of iron between Fe(II) and Fe(III) in aquatic systems interacts with the freshwater phosphorus cycle. With oxygen in the water, Fe(II) gets oxidized to Fe(III), either abiotically or by microbes via lithotrophic oxidation. Fe(III) can form iron hydroxides, which bind tightly to phosphorus, removing it from the bioavailable phosphorus pool, limiting primary productivity. In anoxic conditions, Fe(III) can be reduced, used by microbes to be the final electron acceptor from either organic carbon or H2. This releases the phosphorus back into the water for biological use.

The iron and sulfur cycle can interact at several points. Purple sulfur bacteria and green sulfur bacteria can use Fe(II) as an electron donor during anoxic photosynthesis. Sulfate reducing bacteria in anoxic environments can reduce sulfate to sulfide, which then binds to Fe(II) to create iron sulfide, a solid mineral that precipitates out of water and removes the iron and sulfur. The iron, phosphate, and sulfur cycles can all interact with each other. Sulfide can reduce Fe(III) from iron that is already bound to phosphate when there are no more metal ions available, which releases the phosphate and creates iron sulfide.

Iron plays an important role in the nitrogen cycle, aside from its role as part of the enzymes involved in nitrogen fixation. In anoxic conditions, Fe(II) can donate an electron that is accepted by NO3− which is oxidized to several different forms of nitrogen compounds, NO2−, N2O, N2, and NH4+, while Fe(II) is reduced to Fe(III).

Anthropogenic influences
Human impact on the iron cycle in the ocean is due to dust concentrations increasing at the beginning of the industrial era. Today, there is approximately double the amount of soluble iron in oceans than pre-industrial times from anthropogenic pollutants and soluble iron combustion sources. Changes in human land-use activities and climate have augmented dust fluxes which increases the amount of aeolian dust to open regions of the ocean. Other anthropogenic sources of iron are due to combustion. Highest combustion rates of iron occurs in East Asia, which contributes to 20-100% of ocean depositions around the globe.

Humans have altered the cycle for Nitrogen from fossil fuel combustion and large-scale agriculture. Due to increased Iron and Nitrogen raises marine nitrogen fixation in the subtropical North and South Pacific Ocean. In the subtropics, tropics and HNLC regions, increased inputs of iron may lead to increased CO2 uptake, impacting the global carbon cycle.

title: Iron cycle


text:
User talk:Yossman

The subject of the Northern Reticulated Yossman is in dire need of comment. Please post your thoughts on this page.

Speedy deletion of Byxnet
A tag has been placed on Byxnet requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not indicate the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for web content.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the article does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that a copy be emailed to you. - Realkyhick (Talk to me) 03:53, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yossman


text:
User talk:Knowdr

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Welcome, newcomer!

Here are some useful tips to ease you into the Wikipedia experience:

 * First, take a look at the Wikipedia Tutorial, and perhaps dabble a bit in the test area.
 * When you have some free time, take a look at the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines. They can come in very handy!
 * Learn about some of the Wikipedia landmarks by trying our Wikipedia scavenger hunt!
 * Remember to use a neutral point of view!
 * If you need any help, feel free to post a question at the Help Desk
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Also, here are some odds and ends that I find useful from time to time:

 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can most easily reach me by posting on my talk page.

You can sign your name on any page by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~~~~.

Best of luck, and have fun!

ClockworkSoul 04:16, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Knowdr


text:
Talk:Shiri Appleby

Personal Life
what's happening with this section? Please don't write informations without any source and don't delete her other dates. The section is about her personal life it isn't about Shiri and Zach relationship only and their real time development. --*Josephine85* (talk) 14:43, 2 January 2009 (UTC)

Her Psych Degree?
She 'started' it in 2010, 'finished' it in 2012 -- and that took 14 years? Either something is horribly wrong, or somebody came up with a time-compressor that we should know about! 66.81.249.185 (talk) 08:56, 23 April 2016 (UTC)

Music Video
Was Shiri the girl in the Gavin DeGraw music video "I Don't Want to Be"? -- Riffsyphon1024 04:16, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, she was. Lots of web sites have references to it and there are screen captures available (e.g. at shiriapplebyfan.com ).  I've managed to track down and watch the video today – her scar is particularly visible.  Updated the article, thanks.   — Lee J Haywood 09:03, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah that's her. Pretty cute, huh? JackSprat10 September 13, 2007

Isn't her being Jewish sort of superfluous? --jenlight 06:34, May 10, 2005 (UTC)

oops, forget it. It looks like you were going for that. A scar on her face? How do you decide what information to put and what to leave out? --jenlight 06:36, May 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * As with any encyclopaedic article, the information has to be verifiable – although there's a danger that information collected from several websites may have simply been copied from another one. Also, the information should be relevant.  For example it may be true that Shiri likes to play backgammon but the chances are that she won't after a few years – and does it really tell you anything useful about her?  On the other hand, the scar is a distinguishing mark and is clearly visible in many photographs and videos – making her easier to identify.  I didn't add the Jewish reference, so I cannot comment on the logic behind it.  But then I don't own this article – no-one does, and you are welcome to contribute.   — Lee J Haywood 19:05, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shiri Appleby


text: Category:369 BC deaths

title: Category:369 BC deaths