text:
Italy at the 1984 Summer Olympics

Italy competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States; 268 competitors, 222 men and 46 women, took part in 151 events in 23 sports.

Gold

 * Alberto Cova – Athletics, men's 10.000 metres
 * Alessandro Andrei – Athletics, men's shot put
 * Gabriella Dorio – Athletics, women's 1.500 metres
 * Maurizio Stecca – Boxing, men's bantamweight
 * Claudio Vandelli, Marcello Bartalini, Marco Giovannetti, and Eros Poli – Cycling, men's team road race
 * Mauro Numa – Fencing, men's Foil individual competition
 * Mauro Numa, Angelo Scuri, Andrea Borella, Stefano Cerioni, and Andrea Cipressa – Fencing, men's foil team competition
 * Norberto Oberburger – Heavyweight 110 kg
 * Vincenzo Maenza – Light Flyweight, men's Greco-Roman wrestling
 * Ferdinando Meglio, Giovanni Scalzo, Angelo Arcidiacono, Gianfranco Dalla Barba, and Marco Marin – Fencing, men's Sabre team competition
 * Daniele Masala – Modern pentathlon, men's individual competition
 * Daniele Masala, Pier Paolo Cristofori, and Carlo Massullo – Modern pentathlon, men's team competition
 * Carmine Abbagnale, Giuseppe Abbagnale, and Giuseppe Di Capua – Rowing, men's coxed pairs
 * Luciano Giovannetti – Shooting, trap individual competition

Silver

 * Sara Simeoni – Athletics, women's high jump
 * Salvatore Todisco – Boxing, men's light flyweight
 * Francesco Damiani – Boxing, men's super heavyweight
 * Ezio Gamba – Judo, men's lightweight (71 kg)
 * Edith Gufler – Shooting, women's air rifle individual competition
 * Marco Marin – Fencing, men's sabre

Bronze

 * Maurizio Damilano – Athletics, men's 20 km walk
 * Sandro Bellucci – Athletics, men's 50 km walk
 * Giovanni Evangelisti – Athletics, men's long jump
 * Luciano Bruno – Boxing, men's welterweight
 * Angelo Musone – Boxing, men's heavyweight
 * Stefano Cerioni – Fencing, men's foil individual competition
 * Roberto Manzi, Angelo Mazzoni, Stefano Bellone, Sandro Cuomo, and Cosimo Ferro – Fencing, men's épée team competition
 * Dorina Vaccaroni – Fencing, women's foil individual competition
 * Carlo Massullo – Modern pentathlon, men's individual competition
 * Luca Scribani Rossi – Shooting, skeet individual competition
 * Fabio Vullo, Piero Rebaudengo, Amauri Ribeiro, Paolo Vecchi, Andrea Lucchetta, Pier Paolo Lucchetta, Marco Negri, Guido de Luigi, Giovanni Errichiello, Giovanni Lanfranco, Franco Bertoli, Francesco Dall'Olio, and Giancarlo Dametto – Volleyball, men's team competition
 * Giorgio Gorla and Alfio Peraboni – Sailing, men's team competition

Archery
Two time defending bronze medallist Giancarlo Ferrari improved upon his 1980 score, but in the more competitive field in Los Angeles, his ranking fell all the way to 25th place.

Women's individual competition
 * Ester Robertson – 2435 points (→ 21st place)

Men's individual competition
 * Giancarlo Ferrari – 2455 points (→ 25th place)
 * Ilario Di Buò – 2437 points (→ 29th place)

Athletics
Men's 100 metres
 * Men's competition
 * Stefano Tilli
 * Antonio Ullo
 * Pierfrancesco Pavoni

Men's 200 metres
 * Pietro Mennea
 * Stefano Tilli
 * Carlo Simionato

Men's 800 metres
 * Donato Sabia
 * Riccardo Materazzi

Men's 1,500 metres
 * Riccardo Materazzi
 * Stefano Mei
 * Claudio Patrignani

Men's 5,000 metres
 * Salvatore Antibo
 * Heat – 13:46.32
 * Semifinals – 13:47.53 (→ did not advance)

 * Piero Selvaggio
 * Heat – 14:04.74 (→ did not advance)

 * Antonio Selvaggio
 * Heat – 13:55.73 (→ did not advance)

Men's 10,000 metres
 * Alberto Cova
 * Heat – 28:26.10
 * Final – 27:47.54 → [[Image:Gold medal.svg|16x16px]] gold medal

 * Salvatore Antibo
 * Heat – 28:22.57
 * Final – 28:06.50 (→ 4th place)

 * Francesco Panetta
 * Heat – 29:00.78 (→ did not advance)

Men's marathon
 * Giovanni d'Aleo
 * Final – 2:20:12 (→ 35th place)

 * Marco Marchei
 * Final – 2:22:38 (→ 43rd place)

Men's 110 metres hurdles
 * Daniele Fontecchio

Men's 3,000 metres steeplechase
 * Francesco Panetta
 * Franco Boffi

Men's 4×100 metres relay
 * Antonio Ullo
 * Giovanni Bongiorni
 * Stefano Tilli
 * Pietro Mennea

Men's 4×400 metres relay
 * Roberto Tozzi
 * Ernesto Nocco
 * Roberto Ribaud
 * Pietro Mennea
 * Donato Sabia
 * Mauro Zuliani

Men's long jump
 * Giovanni Evangelisti
 * Qualification – 7.94m
 * Final – 8.24m → [[Image:Bronze medal.svg|16x16px]] bronze medal

Men's triple jump
 * Dario Badinelli
 * Qualification – 16.13m (→ did not advance)

Men's javelin throw
 * Agostino Ghesini
 * Qualification – 72.96m (→ did not advance, 23rd place)

Men's pole vault
 * Mauro Barella
 * Qualifying round – 5.35m
 * Final – 5.30m (→ 8th place)

Men's shot put
 * Alessandro Andrei
 * Qualification – 20.18 m
 * Final – 21.26 m → [[Image:Gold medal.svg|16x16px]] gold medal

 * Marco Montelatici
 * Qualification – 20.14 m
 * Final – 19.98 m (→ 6th place)

Men's discus throw
 * Luciano Zerbini
 * Final – 63.50m (→ 7th place)

Men's hammer throw
 * Orlando Bianchini
 * Qualification – 74.02m
 * Final – 75.94m (→ 4th place)

 * Giampaolo Urlando
 * Qualification – 72.42m
 * Final – 75.96m (→ finished fourth but was subsequently disqualified as his doping tests proved positive)

 * Lucio Serrani
 * Qualification – 70.64m (→ did not advance)

Men's 20 km walk
 * Maurizio Damilano
 * Final – 1:23:26 → [[Image:Bronze medal.svg|16x16px]] bronze medal

 * Carlo Mattioli
 * Final – 1:25:07 (→ 5th place)

 * Alessandro Pezzatini
 * Final – 1:32:27 (→ 28th place)

Men's 50 km walk
 * Sandro Bellucci
 * Final – 3:53:45 → [[Image:Bronze medal.svg|16x16px]] bronze medal

 * Raffaello Ducceschi
 * Final – 3:59:26 (→ 5th place)

 * Maurizio Damilano
 * Final – DNF (→ no ranking)

Women's 200 metres
 * Women's competition
 * Marisa Masullo

Women's 400 metres
 * Erica Rossi

Women's 800 metres
 * Gabriella Dorio

Women's 1,500 metres
 * Gabriella Dorio
 * Heat – 4:04.51
 * Final – 4:03.25 → [[Image:Gold medal.svg|16x16px]] gold medal

Women's 3,000 metres
 * Agnese Possamai
 * Heat – 8.45.84
 * Final – 9.10.82 (→ 10th place)

Women's marathon
 * Laura Fogli
 * Final – 2:29:28 (→ 9th place)

 * Alba Milana
 * Final – 2:33:01 (→ 12th place)

 * Paola Moro
 * Final – 2:37:06 (→ 20th place)

Women's 400m hurdles
 * Giuseppina Cirulli
 * Heat – 57.49
 * Semifinal – 56.45 (→ did not advance)

Women's 4×400 metres relay
 * Patrizia Lombardo
 * Cosetta Campana
 * Marisa Masullo
 * Erica Rossi
 * Giuseppina Cirulli

Women's high jump
 * Sara Simeoni
 * Qualification – 1.90m
 * Final – 2.00m → [[Image:Silver medal.svg|16x16px]] silver medal

Women's javelin throw
 * Fausta Quintavalla
 * Qualification – 57.66m (→ did not advance)

Basketball

 * Men's team competition
 * Preliminary round (group A)
 * Defeated Egypt (110-62)
 * Defeated West Germany (80-72)
 * Defeated Brazil (89-78)
 * Defeated Australia (93-82)
 * Lost to Yugoslavia (65-69)

 * Quarterfinals
 * Lost to Canada (72-78)

 * Classification matches
 * 5th/8th place: defeated West Germany (98-71)
 * 5th/6th place: defeated Uruguay (111-102) → fifth place

 * Team roster
 * Carlo Caglieris
 * Roberto Premier
 * Marco Bonamico
 * Enrico Gilardi
 * Walter Magnifico
 * Roberto Brunamonti
 * Renato Villalta
 * Dino Meneghin
 * Antonello Riva
 * Renzo Vecchiato
 * Pierluigi Marzorati
 * Romeo Sacchetti

Boxing
Men's light flyweight (– 48 kg)
 * Salvatore Todisco → [[Image:Med 2.png]] silver medal
 * First round – bye
 * Second round – defeated Gerard Hawkins (IRL), 5:0
 * Quarterfinals – defeated Rafael Ramos (PUR), 4:1
 * Semifinals – defeated Keith Mwila (ZAM), 5:0
 * Final – lost to Paul Gonzales (USA), walkover

Men's bantamweight (– 54 kg)
 * Maurizio Stecca → [[Image:Med 1.png]] gold medal
 * First round – bye
 * Second round – defeated Phillip Sutcliffe (IRE), 5:0
 * Third round – defeated Star Zulu (ZAM), 5:0
 * Quarterfinals – defeated Robinson Pitalua (COL), 5:0
 * Semifinals – defeated Pedro Nolasco (DOM), 5:0
 * Final – defeated Héctor Lopez (MEX), 4:1

Men's middleweight (– 75 kg)
 * Noe Cruciani
 * First round – defeated Paul Kamela (CMR), 5:0
 * Second round – lost to Pedro van Raamsdonk (HOL), 0:5

Men's heavyweight (– 91 kg)
 * Angelo Musone → [[Image:Med 3.png]] bronze medal
 * First round – defeated James Omondi (KEN), 5:0
 * Second round – defeated Kaliq Singh (IND), walkover
 * Quarterfinals – defeated Hakkan Brock (SWE), 5:0
 * Semifinals – lost to Henry Tillman (USA), 0:5

Men's super heavyweight (+ 91 kg)
 * Francesco Damiani → [[Image:Med 2.png]] silver medal
 * First round – bye
 * Quarterfinals – defeated Willie Isangura (TNZ), RSC-2
 * Semifinals – defeated Robert Wells (GBR), RSC-3
 * Final – lost to Tyrell Biggs (USA), 1:4

Cycling
Twenty-one cyclists represented Italy in 1984. They won gold in the team time trial event.

 * Men's individual road race
 * Alberto Volpi – + 4:10 (→ 13th place)
 * Stefano Colagè – did not finish (→ no ranking)
 * Roberto Pagnin – did not finish (→ no ranking)
 * Renato Piccolo – did not finish (→ no ranking)

 * Team time trial
 * Marcello Bartalini
 * Marco Giovannetti
 * Eros Poli
 * Claudio Vandelli

 * Sprint
 * Gabriele Sella
 * Vincenzo Ceci

 * 1000m time trial
 * Stefano Baudino

 * Individual pursuit
 * Roberto Calovi
 * Maurizio Colombo

 * Team pursuit
 * Roberto Amadio
 * Massimo Brunelli
 * Maurizio Colombo
 * Silvio Martinello

 * Points race
 * Stefano Allocchio
 * Silvio Martinello

 * Women's individual road race
 * Maria Canins – 2:11:14 (→ 5th place)
 * Luisa Seghezzi – 2:13:28 (→ 9th place)
 * Roberta Bonanomi – 2:15:13 (→ 23rd place)
 * Emanuela Menuzzo

Diving
Men's 3m Springboard
 * Piero Italiani
 * Preliminary round – 573.69
 * Final – 578.94 (→ 6th place)

Fencing
20 fencers, 15 men and 5 women, represented Italy in 1984.

 * Men's foil
 * Mauro Numa
 * Stefano Cerioni
 * Andrea Borella

 * Men's team foil
 * Mauro Numa, Andrea Borella, Andrea Cipressa, Stefano Cerioni, Angelo Scuri

 * Men's épée
 * Stefano Bellone
 * Angelo Mazzoni
 * Sandro Cuomo

 * Men's team épée
 * Stefano Bellone, Sandro Cuomo, Cosimo Ferro, Roberto Manzi, Angelo Mazzoni

 * Men's sabre
 * Marco Marin
 * Giovanni Scalzo
 * Gianfranco Dalla Barba

 * Men's team sabre
 * Marco Marin, Gianfranco Dalla Barba, Giovanni Scalzo, Ferdinando Meglio, Angelo Arcidiacono

 * Women's foil
 * Dorina Vaccaroni
 * Carola Cicconetti
 * Margherita Zalaffi

 * Women's team foil
 * Dorina Vaccaroni, Clara Mochi, Margherita Zalaffi, Lucia Traversa, Carola Cicconetti

Football

 * Men's team competition
 * Preliminary round (group D)
 * Italy – Egypt 1-0
 * Italy – United States 1-0
 * Italy – Costa Rica 0-1

 * Quarterfinals
 * Italy – Chile 1-0 (after extra time)

 * Semifinals
 * Italy – Brazil 1-2 (after extra time)

 * Bronze-medal match
 * Italy – Yugoslavia 1-2

 * Team roster
 * ( 1.) Franco Tancredi (gk)
 * ( 2.) Riccardo Ferri
 * ( 3.) Filippo Galli
 * ( 4.) Sebastiano Nela
 * ( 5.) Roberto Tricella
 * ( 6.) Pietro Vierchowod
 * ( 7.) Salvatore Bagni
 * ( 8.) Franco Baresi
 * ( 9.) Sergio Battistini
 * (10.) Antonio Sabato
 * (11.) Beniamo Vignola
 * (12.) Walter Zenga (gk)
 * (13.) Pietro Fanna
 * (14.) Daniele Massaro
 * (15.) Massimo Briaschi
 * (16.) Maurizio Iorio
 * (17.) Aldo Serena

 * Head Coach: Enzo Bearzot

Modern pentathlon
Three male pentathletes represented Italy in 1984. Carlo Massullo won an individual bronze, Daniele Masala won an individual gold and the team also won gold.

Individual competition: Team competition:
 * Daniele Masala - 5469 points (gold medal)
 * Carlo Massullo - 5406 points (bronze medal)
 * Pier Paolo Cristofori - 5185 points (11th place)
 * Daniele Masala, Carlo Massullo, and Pier Paolo Cristofori - 16060 points (gold medal)

Rowing
Ruggero Verroca and Francesco Esposito dominated the lightweight men's double scull during the early 1980s, and they won the World Rowing Championships from 1980 to 1983 every year. Lightweight men's double scull was not an Olympic boat class at the time, and they qualified in the open weight class of the men's double scull, where they reached the A final and came a respectable fifth. Later that same month, they won the 1984 World Rowing Championships, and continued to row in different boat classes thereafter.

Swimming
Men's 100m freestyle
 * Men's competition
 * Fabrizio Rampazzo
 * Heat – 51.71
 * B-Final – 51.56 (→ 12th place)

 * Marco Colombo
 * Heat – 52.34 (→ did not advance, 26th place)

Men's 200m freestyle
 * Marco Dell'Uomo
 * Heat – 1:51.67
 * Final – 1:52.20 (→ 6th place)

 * Paolo Revelli
 * Heat – 1:53.46 (→ did not advance, 22nd place)

Men's 400m freestyle
 * Marco Dell'Uomo
 * Heat – 3:55.00
 * Final – 3:55.44 (→ 7th place)

 * Stefano Grandi
 * Heat – 3:56.23
 * B-Final – 3:57.17 (→ 12th place)

Men's 1500m freestyle
 * Stefano Grandi
 * Heat – 15:22.49
 * Final – 15:28.58 (→ 6th place)

Men's 100m backstroke
 * Paolo Falchini
 * Heat – 58.65 (→ did not advance, 18th place)

 * Fabrizio Bortolon
 * Heat – 59.27 (→ did not advance, 24th place)

Men's 200m backstroke
 * Paolo Falchini
 * Heat – 2:04.59
 * B-Final – 2:04.64 (→ 9th place)

 * Fabrizio Bortolon
 * Heat – 2:06.46
 * B-Final – 2:05.86 (→ 15th place)

Men's 100m breaststroke
 * Raffaele Avagnano
 * Heat – 1:04.09
 * Final – 1:04.11 (→ 8th place)

 * Gianni Minervini
 * Heat – 1:04.37
 * B-Final – 1:03.99 (→ 9th place)

Men's 200m breaststroke
 * Marco del Prete
 * Heat – 2:18.90
 * Final – DSQ (→ no ranking)

 * Raffaele Avagnano
 * Heat – 2:22.90 (→ did not advance, 18th place)

Men's 100m butterfly
 * Fabrizio Rampazzo
 * Heat – 55.70
 * B-Final – DNS (→ no ranking)

Men's 200m butterfly
 * Paolo Revelli
 * Heat – 2:00.38
 * B-Final – 2:01.58 (→ 14th place)

 * Fabrizio Rampazzo
 * Heat – DNS (→ did not advance, no ranking)

Men's 200m individual medley
 * Giovanni Franceschi
 * Heat – 2:06.76
 * B-Final – 2:06.10 (→ 11th place)

 * Maurizio Divano
 * Heat – 2:07.19
 * B-Final – 2:06.72 (→ 12th place)

Men's 400m individual medley
 * Maurizio Divano
 * Heat – 4:23.61
 * Final – 4:22.76 (→ 5th place)

 * Giovanni Franceschi
 * Heat – 4:23.03
 * Final – 4:26.05 (→ 8th place)

Men's 4 × 100 m freestyle relay
 * Marcello Guarducci, Raffaele Francesch, Metello Savino, and Marco Colombo
 * Heat – 3:25.37

 * Marcello Guarducci, Marco Colombo, Metello Savino, and Fabrizio Rampazzo
 * Final – 3:24.97 (→ 8th place)

Men's 4 × 200 m freestyle relay
 * Marco Colombo, Marcello Guarducci, Fabrizio Rampazzo, and Marco Dell'Uomo
 * Heat – DSQ (→ did not advance, no ranking)

Men's 4 × 100 m medley relay
 * Paolo Falchini, Gianni Minervini, Fabrizio Rampazzo, and Marcello Guarducci
 * Heat – DSQ (→ did not advance, no ranking)

 * Women's competition
 * Silvia Persi, Grazia Colombo, Carla Lasi, Monica Olmi, Manuela Carosi, Carlotta Tagnin, Manuela Dalla Valle, Laura Belotti, Roberta Lanzarotti, Cristina Quintarelli, and Roberta Felotti

Women's 100m freestyle
 * Silvia Persi
 * Heat – 57.62
 * B-Final – 57.24 (→ 10th place)

 * Grazia Colombo
 * Heat – 59.43 (→ did not advance, 24th place)

Women's 200m freestyle
 * Silvia Persi
 * Heat – 2:03.98
 * B-Final – 2:03.17 (→ 9th place)

 * Carla Lasi
 * Heat – 2:04.60 (→ did not advance, 17th place)

Women's 400m freestyle
 * Carla Lasi
 * Heat – 4:18.90
 * B-Final – 4:18.57 (→ 12th place)

 * Monica Olmi
 * Heat – 4:18.70
 * B-Final – 4:19.22 (→ 13th place)

Women's 800m freestyle
 * Carla Lasi
 * Heat – 8:41.84
 * Final – 8:42.45 (→ 5th place)

 * Monica Olmi
 * Heat – 8:45.83
 * Final – 8:47.32 (→ 7th place)

Women's 4 × 100 m freestyle relay
 * Monica Olmi, Silvia Persi, Grazia Colombo, and Manuela Dalla Valle
 * Heat – 3:52.89 (→ did not advance)

Women's 4 × 100 m medley relay
 * Manuela Carosi, Manuela Dalla Valle, Roberta Lanzarotti, and Silvia Persi
 * Heat – 4:17.90
 * Final – 4:17.40 (→ 5th place)

Women's 100m backstroke
 * Manuela Carosi
 * Heat – 1:04.77
 * B-Final – 1:04.52 (→ 10th place)

Women's 200m backstroke
 * Manuela Carosi
 * Heat – 2:25.45 (→ did not advance, 23rd place)

Women's 200m butterfly
 * Roberta Lanzarotti
 * Heat – 2:14.53
 * B-Final – 2:14.54 (→ 10th place)

 * Monica Olmi
 * Heat – 2:18.72
 * B-Final – 2:16.47 (→ 13th place)

Women's 200m individual medley
 * Manuela Dalla Valle
 * Heat – 2:20.50
 * Final – 2:19.69 (→ 6th place)

 * Silvia Persi
 * Heat – DSQ (→ did not advance, no ranking)

Women's 400m individual medley
 * Roberta Felotti
 * Heat – 4:54.14
 * B-Final – 4:57.74 (→ 12th place)

Volleyball

 * Men's team competition
 * Preliminary round (group B)
 * Defeated Canada (3-1)
 * Defeated China (3-0)
 * Lost to Japan (2-3)
 * Defeated Egypt (3-0)

 * Semifinals
 * Lost to Brazil (1-3)

 * Bronze-medal match
 * Defeated Canada (3-0) → [[Image:Med 3.png]] bronze medal

 * Team roster
 * Franco Bertoli
 * Francesco Dall'Olio
 * Giancarlo Dametto
 * Guido de Luigi
 * Giovanni Errichiello
 * Giovanni Lanfranco
 * Andrea Lucchetta
 * Pier Paolo Lucchetta
 * Marco Negri
 * Piero Rebaudengo
 * Amauri Ribeiro
 * Paolo Vecchi
 * Fabio Vullo

Water polo

 * Men's team competition
 * Preliminary round (group C)
 * Defeated Japan (15-5)
 * Drew with Australia (8-8)
 * Lost to West Germany (4-10)

 * Final round (group E)
 * Defeated Brazil (13-4)
 * Defeated China (11-8)
 * Drew with Greece (8-8)
 * Defeated Canada (16-9) → 7th place

 * Team roster
 * Roberto Gandolfi
 * Alfio Misaggi
 * Andrea Pisano
 * Antonello Steardo
 * Mario Fiorillo
 * Gianni de Magistris
 * Marco Galli
 * Marco d’Altrui
 * Marco Baldineti
 * Vincenzo d’Angelo
 * Romeo Collina
 * Stefano Postiglione
 * Umberto Panerai

title: Italy at the 1984 Summer Olympics


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Saumya Meattle

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 00:25, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Saumya Meattle
Vanity. Non-notable president (41 Google hits) of non-notable web design company (121 hits). --Lee Hunter 22:30, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: This was apparently either never listed on vfd or removed out of process, so I'm bringing it to today's page for resolution. —Korath (Talk) 00:14, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, possible vanity. Megan1967 08:25, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, agree with Lee Hunter. Tempshill 22:03, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, promo, no evidence of notability. Wile E. Heresiarch 22:48, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Wmahan. 04:21, 2005 Apr 20 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
My Mother the Carjacker

"My Mother the Carjacker" is the second episode of the fifteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 9, 2003. In the episode, Homer receives a cryptic message in the newspaper informing him to come to a certain place at midnight, and soon discovers that the person who wrote the message is his mother, Mona Simpson. It was written by Michael Price and directed by Nancy Kruse. Glenn Close makes her second of six guest spots as Homer's mother. It has a direct link from the season seven episode "Mother Simpson". It was nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award in 2004. In its original run, the episode received 12.4 million viewers.

Plot
On Kent Brockman's Channel Six "Oops Patrol" segment, he displays a humorous headline ("Mayor Unveils Erection to Cheering Crowd"), noticed and submitted by Marge, for which she receives a free T-shirt and other perks from the town. An envious Homer, after trying on and stretching out Marge's shirt, attempts to find his own funny headline so he too can win a T-shirt. Homer spends the following night with newspapers plastered over his bedroom wall, exhausting himself in his search. He finds an article entitled "World's Biggest Pizza". The first letters of each line spell out an invitation for Homer to meet someone at Fourth Street Overpass at midnight. He wakes Bart so they can both go. When they reach the overpass, the mystery person reveals herself to be Mona Simpson, Homer's mother.

At the Overpass Diner, Mona explains that the government is still hunting her because of her crime of sabotaging Mr. Burns' germ warfare lab. Her nostalgia aroused by a macaroni pencil case Homer had made for her when he was five, her liberal links at the Springfield Shopper published the story of the giant pizza to lure Homer. Chief Wiggum, Lou, and Eddie arrive at the diner, and Lou recognizes Mona. Waitress Hora lets Homer, Mona, and Bart escape through the back after they increase her tip. After they drive off, Homer rams into the police station, where Mona is arrested. At the trial, during which it is implied by Homer afterwards that Mona's ex-husband Grampa testifies against her, Homer is put on the stand and, after a long clueless pause, gives a heartfelt request that they do not take his mother away from him again. The jury, deeply moved, acquit Mona, much to Burns' fury.

Mona catches up on Homer's missed childhood; giving Homer a bath, watching Homer in the school play, knitting for Homer, teaching Homer how to ride a bike, and seeing a reenactment of the birth of Bart. To make Mona more welcome, Homer steals a whole room from Ned Flanders's house so she can have her own private bedroom. Burns renames his Germ Warfare Laboratory the "Grandma Simpson Peace Museum and Kid-teractive Learnatorium" to a crowd of cheering onlookers. Burns asks Mona to be the first to sign the museum's guest book. However, it is revealed to be a confessional trap when after signing the document, Mona says to Burns that she signed under false names while at national parks, which is a federal offense. Federal agents jump out and arrest her. Lisa tells Homer she disagrees with what the government did with Mona, and unintentionally gives Homer the idea to break Mona out of prison.

The next day, Homer and Bart trick the bus which is transferring female convicts to prison into pulling over by changing a sign overhead to display a warning of a snowstorm ahead. As the drivers get off to put chains on the tires, Homer steals the bus and liberates the convicts as the police give chase. Not wanting Homer to be imprisoned and leave his children like she did, Mona tases him and pushes him out of the bus onto an abandoned bed. Homer watches as the bus flies off a cliff into a lake, where it explodes and is covered by a rockslide.

The Simpsons hold a funeral for Mona and pay their respects, but the coffin (filled with last week's garbage) suddenly slides away and into a forest. Later at night, Homer pores over newspaper headlines and finds an article in which the first letter of each row spells out "IMOK" over the front and back side of the page. Taking this to be another message from his mother that she is still alive, he goes to sleep. However, he overlooks an article about a giant taco, in which Mona encoded a long message that explains she escaped from the bus before it crashed and hitched a ride out of town.

Cultural references
The title is a reference to the TV series My Mother the Car. The song Mona sings with the convicts is "I Fought the Law". The song played during the '60s montage is Jimi Hendrix's version of "All Along the Watchtower". The montage concludes with John Wayne as a guest on Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In saying "You bet your sweet bippy", a catch phrase of the show. During the scenes with Homer re-enacting his childhood for his mother, the song being played is "Mother and Child Reunion" by Paul Simon. When Homer is having prints of pictures of his mother made, the song played is "Mother" by John Lennon. Homer's line of "Bless the loom that fruited you" is a reference to Fruit of the Loom. Homer's line of "We'll hide you where there's no people – Disney California Adventure Park" is a reference to how a park in Disneyland had poor attendance. The scene of the Homer pinning newspapers to the wall and letters jumping out and deciphering hidden messages is a homage to similar scenes in A Beautiful Mind. When Homer is showing the family headlines is a parody of the "Headlines" segment on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. Also, Lisa says "Don't go inside! It's a trap!", which is a reference of Admiral Ackbar's famous line, said in Return of the Jedi.

Reception
During its original run, the episode gained 12.4 million viewers, losing to a rerun of "Three Gays of the Condo" (12.6). The episode was nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award. IGN ranks Glenn Close's performances as the twenty-fifth best guest appearances in the show's history.

title: My Mother the Carjacker


text:
Talk:Iron(II) chloride

Untitled
Indeed, this page still needs quite some work. Wim van Dorst 22:30, 2005 Apr 9 (UTC)

Uses?
The articles doesn't tells the uses of this chloride.Agre22 (talk) 17:47, 11 August 2008 (UTC)agre22

title: Talk:Iron(II) chloride


text:
File:Logo of the I and M Rail Link.png

Logo of the I&M Rail Link.

title: File:Logo of the I and M Rail Link.png


text:
Talk:Derby railway station

Station age
Derby Station is clearly NOT a Victorian structure - are you telling me all those concrete columns are 19th century! It was also my understanding that the station had been relocated a significant distance North from its original location nearer London Road. following WWII. I am of course happy to be proved wrong - (but I was born & bred there just after WWII) Linuxlad 22:32, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Found a web-reference which largely confirms my childhood understanding. Station dates from 1839 - Carriage and Wagon and Loco works wee bombed by Zeppelins in 1916. In WWII Station was bombed on 15th Jan 1941 - half a dozen bombs exploded, destroying large part of roof and bridge. 'Original tri-junct station was swept away in rebuilding of 1952' (http://webp1.mimas.ac.uk/~zzaascs/mrsoc/zepp.html)

Footnote - walked right down the south (London Road) end of platform one yesterday, nearly opposite where the Birnmngham and London lines merge.There is a short piece of apparently older platform there and also the dreaded 'milepost 0'. The 1952 structure in many places is covered by the more recent refurb - is this 'concrete- cancer'??? Linuxlad 20:35, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The site of the station has not changed: it was always immediately south of Derby Junction (where the MCR line from Nottingham originally came in, via Chaddesden, to join the NMR) and immediately after the river crossing. As originally built it was a typical early Victorian one-sided station: 1,050 feet long with just one through platform edge (plus a north and a south bay), the main platform and bays connected to seven stabling roads by a series of carriage turntables (rolling-stock was moved around the station by hand). These platform and stabling roads were all beneath a three-bay train shed (this is what was blitzed in WWII). {See 1841 plan).
 * The station entrance has always been where Midland Road meets Railway Terrace. There would not have been room for an earlier passenger station nearer London Rd in any case, as the space between the passenger station and London Rd was soon occupied by the LNWR goods station as soon as that company gained running powers. Could the stretch of older platform you saw perhaps have been part of the parcels platform opposite London Rd Junction? (Station frontage 1902 Station frontage 1973).
 * Quote: Mile posts on the 'Cross Country' route are origined from Derby because of it being the MR's home. Mile post 0 is to be found at the south end of Platform 1, near an apparent fragment of the original station.
 * I have taken the above out for now, as it needs a bit more explanation. The 0 milepost at London Rd Junction dates only from 1907, when the Midland "re-did" all its mileposts with 0 normally at St Pancras (the West Line from Derby London Rd Jc to Bristol was an exception). Before that, the MR had had separate 0 mileposts for every line, the zeros for Derby - Rugby and Derby - Leeds being at the midpoint of Derby station (London Rd Junction itself did not open until 1867, and the Derby - Rugby mileage was via Derby Junction and Chaddesden in any case). Not trying to "blind you with science" - honest! - but if we are to mention the Derby zero in this article, it needs a little more research... -- Picapica 23:01, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the explanation here on location - it wasn't up when I 'pulled the big switch' last night - but I had in fact found the tri-junct station layout last thing (same Polish ref as yours I think), realised how it correlates with what still remains on platform 1, and was thinking to change the words (now done). Looks like I was relying too much on 'well-known fact' from my Derby school-days.

The mile post point is a little moot - when I first moved down to Berkeley/Bristol, my boss, (a Brummy and a railway buff) specifically commented on the mile post origin - the point IS that it is anomalous without the MR association and it doesn't matter if it wasn't until the 1900s.

The main point however is (or was when I first started the article off) that Derby station IS 'recent' in all its observable core structure - it was even more clearly so in the 50/60s when I was a kid - and that the reason for this, the bomb damage, is part of Derby-folk history. As kids we always found it significant that Derby had received so little bomb-damage, when it was home to Rolls-Royce, and the only major damage had been to give the place a nice new station (from the platform side anyway). RWH aka Linuxlad 08:09, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

PS. of course if we're going to be picky, it isn't at all clear that the Derby complex was deliberately targetted (because of strategic importance) in WWI and possibly not in WWII either.

 * Hope you'll let me off the pickiness charge (it's being so picky that makes me a Wikaholic, I'm afraid :)) long enough for me to report -- for the sake of completeness on the milepost 0 question -- that I’ve now had a chance to check the facts and figures relating to what I had vaguely at the back of my mind. First, I have to say that I was suffering from a little bit of false memory syndrome myself in thinking that pre-1907 the Midland measured all of its lines from a zero-point at Derby. While the routes north and south-west from Derby were indeed measured from a zero at the mid-point of Derby station, maps from the 1880s and 1890s show that the former Midland Counties line from Trent (coming in to the north end of the station via Chaddesden and Derby Junction) had mileposts measured from Rugby. The "new" 1867 route (the "Litchurch loop") from Spondon to London Road Junction allowing trains from Trent to run through the station from south to north, on the other hand, was measured from Derby towards Spondon Junction.

 * It was probably to sort out all this muddle (the line between Bedford and Leicester, for example, still had mileposts measured from Hitchin a quarter of a century after the opening of the London Extension to St Pancras) that the Midland embarked on its systematic re-mileposting exercise of 1907. This was based on clear principles: the backbone of the system was the shortest route from the zero point at St Pancras station to Carlisle; the mileage count from St Pancras was continued along all branches diverging via facing junctions; every branch joining via a trailing junction, on the other hand, was measured from a new zero point at that junction.

 * The shortest MR route from London using this formula (approaching from Spondon via the Litchurch loop and London Road Junction) puts Derby station at 128 miles and 37 chains from St Pancras. London Road Junction itself is at 128 miles and 23 chains, and as the line from Birmingham trails into the line from London here, a 0 milepost was erected at this junction from which point distances were then measured on the (very long!) "branch" to Bristol. The 0 milepost to be seen today is thus 14 chains south of the pre-1907 zero at the midpoint of the main platform of the first Derby station, its siting a consequence of the principles of the 1907 system rather than having to do with Derby’s earlier headquarter status. (Another notable example of a Midland Railway 0 milepost, by the way, is the one at Manton Junction in Rutland, where the line from Peterborough trails into the route from St Pancras.)

 * Subsequent closure of the "Chaddesden loop" (which provided the shortest route from St Pancras to Ambergate and beyond, via the erstwhile Derby South and Derby North Junctions, i.e. without passing through Derby station at all) has led to further mileage "fun and games" at Derby, including the "disappearance" of 50 chains at the station itself. But that's another story... -- Picapica 22:02, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Well haven't we just moved from direct causation to common correlate (why is the 0 where it is? Because it's the junction. Why is the junction there? Because the line was going to Derby station.)

Anyway, the fact is arguably less memorable than the near-correct fiction - perhaps we should start a 'history & folklore' section :-)

1952 design & aesthetics
I would question whether it's fair to call the 1952 design 'stark' - at the time it seemed very 'New Elizabethan' I recall, and I was always rather proud as a child that Derby had a new modern structure, rather than an overblown Victorian high-vaulted monstrosity, like St Pancras or Paddington :-) Linuxlad 08:16, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Derby Midland when?
Re Edit summary of 20th Dec 05, It seems unlikely that the connection is with the North Midland Railway, since its official name at first was the "Great Central Station" (which it was at first!) and its popular name the "Tripartite station" or the Tri Junct Station. Nothing to do of course with the Great Central Railway which was built much later. When its became known as the Midland is lost in the mists of time, but I feel it reasonable to assume that it came about when the Great Northern station was built in Friargate. This is how they were known to Baedeker in 1890. Chevin 13:17, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I believe (and I'm no expert) that the name change was linked to when the Midland Railway took over the the running of the station (when all three of the companies using it, including the North Midland Railway, merged). All of the stations the Midland Railway operated had Midland in their title, hence, Nottingham Midland Station and, bizarrely, Sheffield Midland Station.Green Tentacle 13:42, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Whatever the historical reason, the station is still called 'Derby Midland Station' (as seen by the relatively modern sign) and should really be at Derby Midland Station (with all words capitalised because they are all part of the title). So I'm being bold and moving it. - Green Tentacle 13:42, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not convinced that's true. Certainly  and  call it Derby, not Derby Midland.  How old is the sign?  And when did the other station close down?  Morwen - Talk 13:46, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

 * The sign was errected in 1985. It is generally just called 'Derby Station' (as it is the only station in the centre of Derby), but the official name remains the same. Sheffield Midland Station has 'Midland' in its article title, even though there are no references to Midland at the station anymore. I don't know when Derby Friargate Station closed down (I would guess in the 1960s, when Derby Nottingham Road Station also closed), but it was certainly long before the new sign was put up. - Green Tentacle 14:04, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm threading this to make it clearer. I still don't believe they would call it Midland while it was the only station. (Pear Tree was at that time a village outside the town and Nottingham Road was called just that) Sheffield Midland wasn't built until later, when there were already four other stations belonging to other railways.

 * Strictly to maintain consistency, the article title should be Derby Midland railway station. It would, however, save ambiguity when I get round to writing a bit about Friargate.

 * The sign on the front of the building was to acknowledge its history, as with the Midland Crest (also new) on the front. Also there are articles in Wikipedia about other Sheffield stations Chevin 15:15, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

Proposal: merge Tri Junct Station into this article
Tri Junct Station was just the old name for Derby Midland Station and therefore all the information in it (and there's plenty) should be merged into this article. I've added the relevant merge templates to the articles. - Green Tentacle 14:18, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

Votes for merger

 * 1) Support. - Green Tentacle 14:18, 21 December 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Support (will add my comments later this evening) -- Picapica 16:55, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

Votes against merger

 * 1) Opposed. It would make it all far too complicated and long. It has a natural break when the Midland was formed by the merger.Chevin 15:15, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

Comments
Tri Junct Station was just the old name for Derby Midland Station No it wasn't. It couldn't be if the Midland didn't exist. Chevin 15:15, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

 * The fact that the Midland Railway didn't exist has nothing to do with it. The station originally built as the Tri Junct Station is now Derby Midland Station. It is a mess at the moment. This article has a brief history from when the station was first built as the Tri Junct Station to the present day, whereas the Tri Junct article has a detailed history from the early years only. A lot of information is repeated between the two articles.

 * Could I also politely request that you don't reply by slicing my comments in half, making them incoherent? Just indent and reply. Quote the relevant parts if necessary. Thanks. - Green Tentacle 15:50, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I support merging the two articles, because both deal (one partly, at present, and one wholly) with the history of essentially the same station on substantially the same site. The station has grown, and been extensively remodelled and rebuilt on more than one occasion, had its official name changed -- but Derby railway station as we have it now is the direct descendant of the first "Great Central Station" (as originally proposed -- I don't know that the name was ever used of what was eventually built) / Tri Junct Station, which would later be known as Derby Midland, before becoming what it is today (*): simply Derby railway station.
 * I don't believe that a merged article would necessarily be "far too complicated and long". Isn't it our job as Wp contributors to uncomplicate articles by good articulation and effective presentation of the material they contain? Nor do I think that incorporation of the contents on the Tri Junct page in the main station article would make it overlong by Wikipedia standards. Ok, it would have a substantial history section -- but no more extensive than what we ought to have as an eventual aim for the articles on all principal railway stations.
 * What is important, in my view, is that the historical material all be combined by one hand -- to start off with. We can all be editorially bold in true Wikipedian spirit once that has been done, but I think that somebody needs to do a proper initial job, rewriting the history so that it includes the information from both articles -- much more than a mere make-do-and-mend cobbling job.
 * (*) If I may, I would also like to put in a plea here for the merged article being renamed to "Derby railway station". I don't know of any source to justify the idea that it is any longer "officially" called Derby Midland (and I speak as someone whose work includes editing railway timetables). I would like it to be a standard that, for all articles on currently open GB stations, we use the NR name plus "railway station": "Bedford railway station", "Leeds railway station", "Bradford Forster Square railway station", "Bradford Interchange railway station", etc. -- i.e. using today's name for stations (not neglecting, of course, to mention any previous names in the article itself), since the starting-point for such articles ought to be what exists now. There can, of course, be other articles about now closed stations under the name they bore at closure (see Leicester Central railway station, for example), but the only station with Leicester in its name today is Leicester railway station, not "Leicester London Road". Besides which, we all ought to do everything we can to help the fight against that childish-sounding (in British English at least) abomination: "train station...! -- Picapica 22:03, 21 December 2005 (UTC)
 * PS: Chevin, if you do end up changing your mind about the merger proposal, I would nominate you (as the principal begetter of the Tri Junct article, which contains the bulk of the historical information at present) to rewrite the history section of the "Derby railway station" article. -- Picapica 22:54, 21 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Gee thanks! Seriously I'm not too against it. I wrote it when I was just starting out and didn't want to mess around with other people's articles too much. I also don't like long articles on the net though. However there is a majority vote. I'll have a go at it shortly. Incidentally, as an aside, I've used the original names within the articles about the history of lines. e.g, Masbrough. Chevin 11:17, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

Copyvio
Copy of email sent to "You and Yesterday" http://www.youandyesterday.co.uk/articles/Derby_Midland_Station ''I notice that your article on Derby Midland Station is almost a direct crib of an article written by myself or others. In accordance with the terms under which it is made available, please will you accredit it to Wikipedia'' 81.156.82.46 (talk) 15:02, 3 August 2008 (UTC)

 * On checking the above link today the article does now credit Wikipedia as the main source. - BulldozerD11 (talk) 02:00, 19 October 2008 (UTC)

Early East Midlands railway schemes
This section is way off topic to be included in an article about a specific station. This information wither needs to be moved back into it's own article, or distributed amongst the articles for the various railway companies. DrFrench (talk) 11:42, 6 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Disagree It explains why Derby has a large station and why it is where it is. I had originally written separate articles and was asked (see above) to merge them. Chevin (talk) 10:00, 18 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Partly Agree I can see your point about explaining the importance of Derby - becoming the hub of the mighty Midland seems a bit of an anomaly with the much larger Nottingham, Leicester and Sheffield in the area. It needs an explanatory punchline; I think I get it, something to do with connecting to the C&HPR and/or the M&PR, right?  But it should say that in so many words.
 * OTOH it does feel a bit off-topic for an article about one station. The full section would be a useful addition to Midland Railway, or maybe North Midland Railway - The Precursors, or The Origins of the Network - with a shortened version here? Swiveler (talk) 10:58, 1 May 2017 (UTC)

Renameing
I propose the renaming of the article to Derby railway station for the following reasons:
 * The station has been known as Derby since the closure of Friergate Station.
 * Calling the station Derby Midland on wikipedia adds inaccuracy.
 * UK railway station articles do not correspond to their Historic names but to what the station has been named by railway authorities. Examples include Rolleston railway station.
 * Nearly all signs on the station and all information boards at other stations say Derby not Derby Midland

Discuss. C. 22468 (talk) 12:12, 5 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Support, per Naming conventions (UK stations); and in addition to the above, public timetables state simply "Derby", unqualified.
 * Poking about in the page history, I see some dispute, with edit summaries claiming that the official name still includes the word "Midland". The logs show that the article was created as Derby station, and moved to Derby Midland Station on 21 December 2005 and moved again to the current title on 16 March 2006.
 * Slight correction to first point of Coolguy22468 - according to Butt (p.78): Derby Friargate closed earlier, on 7 September 1964; Derby Nottingham Road closed 6 March 1967; and the present station was renamed from "Derby Midland" to "Derby" on 6 May 1968 and has not been renamed since. -- Red rose64 (talk) 13:53, 6 March 2011 (UTC)

Diagram of routes
I think I will have a go turning the diagram of routes served into a, I will probably do this in user space as I am bound to cock it up, but would like the opinion on whether it is worth doing in the first place, and when I make mistakes, others to correct it. I will do my best at it but inevitably there will be mistakes and so a few other sets of eyes will be handy. Si Trew (talk) 12:46, 16 January 2012 (UTC)

 * This should also I think go to GA for assesment for GA. It says succinctly exactly what it should and doesn't say anything else. It is I think worth taking to GA for assessment. I don't live in Derby and have not ever been there even, a lodger of mine came from there. I think it is a good article and should be assessed as such, I have immediately disqualified myelf for assessng it. But take it to Wp:GA it could do with a little polishing but is a good article that says exactly what it should and says no more.

 * — Preceding unsigned comment added by SimonTrew (talk • contribs) 12:57, 16 January 2012 (UTC)

 * You mean change the services section into an RDT? Oppose. The services section is standard for all stations, and RDTs... well, I assume you're saying you'd have a map of everywhere you can get to from Derby. There is no way that would be shorter than the current. If however you mean the EMT offpeak diagram, I did that last year at EMT offpeak diagram or something. It's on the EMT page anyway. -mattbuck (Talk) 13:10, 16 January 2012 (UTC)
 * It's . -- Red rose64 (talk) 18:48, 16 January 2012 (UTC)

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Departures board image replacement
That image of the departures board is extremely outdated, having been taken 12 years ago. I'm not the best photographer in the world, but I do travel through this station fairly regularly. I'll try and get a decent picture when I head through Derby next, unless someone else wants to try. AnselaJonla (talk) 13:53, 30 January 2020 (UTC)

Three Railways
What is the " other station" in the sentences:

Following Vignoles's reassessment in 1835 a new route was proposed, either north or south of the Derby Canal to a terminus near St. Mary's Bridge with a branch to Full Street near to John Lombe's Silk Mill. Both options would cross the North Midland lines north of the other station.

I don't have the source so I cannot check it. Spinney Hill (talk) 07:59, 26 April 2023 (UTC)Spinney Hill (talk) 08:00, 26 April 2023 (UTC)

 * THe North Midlands's 06:11, 27 April 2023 (UTC)~

title: Talk:Derby railway station


text:
Brian Dowling (presenter)

Brian Patrick Robert Dowling (born 13 June 1978) is an Irish television and radio presenter. He rose to fame after winning the second series of reality series Big Brother, and went on to win Ultimate Big Brother in 2010. In 2007, he came third in Hell's Kitchen and in 2008, he was runner-up in the Irish reality television series Fáilte Towers. Dowling then guest-presented Live from Studio Five alongside Kate Walsh from 2010 until its cancellation in February 2011.

On 22 July 2011, it was confirmed that Dowling would become the new host of Big Brother upon its transfer to Channel 5, replacing Davina McCall. After Dowling had presented two editions of Big Brother and four editions of Celebrity Big Brother, Channel 5 confirmed in April 2013 that he was to be replaced by Emma Willis.

Early life
Dowling was born on 13 June 1978 in Rathangan, County Kildare, Ireland. Before he entered the public eye, he trained as a holiday rep and air steward, working as a flight attendant for Ryanair. He came out as gay to his parents two days before appearing in Big Brother in 2001.

Big Brother
Dowling was the winner of series 2 of Big Brother, beating Helen Adams in the final and polling 4,231,660 votes (58%) out of a total 7,255,094. In 2010, Brian returned to compete in the final Big Brother on Channel 4 and he became the Ultimate Big Brother Housemate. Brian spent a total of 82 days in the Big Brother house, 64 for his original stay and later 18 days for Ultimate Big Brother.

Media career
Dowling followed Big Brother by presenting SMTV Live, becoming the first openly gay children's television presenter. He also presented his own show on ITV, Brian's Boyfriends, as well as narrating the Channel 4 reality series The Salon.

In 2002, Brian co-hosted the Elle Style Awards with BBC Radio 1 presenter Jo Whiley. In 2003, he joined Duncan James and Tara Palmer-Tomkinson in presenting the NOW Magazine Style Awards, where he also won the award for Most Stylish UK Personality.

Dowling regularly stood in for Liz Bonnin on LivingTV's Celebrity Extra show in 2004. He has also voiced numerous adverts and TV series and has presented the companion show to I'm Famous and Frightened!

In July 2005, Dowling fronted the Party in the Park concert in Leeds with Coronation Street's Nikki Sanderson. He then went on to front the Irish O2 in the Park concert, in Phoenix Park, Dublin, alongside Fran Cosgrave and Caroline Morahan in August 2005.

Dowling also hosted a showbiz slot on Vernon Kay's BBC Radio 1 Saturday morning show from October 2004 to September 2006.

In October 2005, Dowling presented a series of special Christmas features as part of Sky Digital's interactive platform programming, titled Christmas Wrapped Up, in which he reviewed and helped to promote products that were available for purchase in the shopping areas of Sky Digital's Sky Active service.

Dowling was reintroduced as a presenter on ITV in March 2006 when the network launched its ITV Play subsidiary. Along with six others, Dowling was signed up as a presenter of the network's interactive gamble based telephone show The Mint. The game show ran till 2007.

In October 2007, Dowling and his family appeared on All Star Family Fortunes, where they won £4,660 for charity.

Dowling was a contestant in the ITV reality series Hell's Kitchen during September 2007, where he finished in third place. Following on from this, in August 2008, Dowling was a contestant in the Irish reality television show, Fáilte Towers, where he and 12 other celebrities had to take on the roles of hotel staff. He came second to John Creedon. He then went on to become a contestant on TV3's Celebrity Salon, in which he and several other Irish celebrities (Pippa O'Connor, Leigh Arnold, Virginia Macari, Celia Holman Lee and Breffny Morgan) learn the tools of the beauty trade. Celebrity Salon began airing on in June 2010. Tasks included giving facials, waxing, performing cosmetic surgery, hairdressing and styling.

He also appeared in a special episode of Come Dine with Me, alongside three other previous winners of Big Brother and was declared the winner. Dowling was crowned Ultimate Big Brother housemate on 10 September 2010 at the end of the Ultimate Big Brother series that saw the end of Big Brother's transmission on Channel 4. Following this he has appeared as co-host alongside Katherine Lynch on the RTÉ2 series Wagons Den.

On 22 July 2011, after months of speculation, it was confirmed that Dowling would become the new presenter of the revived series of Big Brother on Channel 5. He presented four celebrity series in August/September 2011, January 2012, August/September 2012 and January 2013, and two series of the main show in 2011 and 2012. He was replaced as presenter of Big Brother by Emma Willis for Series 14, which started in June 2013.

Dowling has also had numerous appearances on This Morning, presenting segments on the show.

In 2014 Dowling presented the TV3 game show Sitting on a Fortune in Ireland.

Dowling has hosted The Real Housewives of Cheshire's reunion specials since the series' premiere in 2015.

In 2020, Dowling participated in the fourth series of the Irish edition of Dancing with the Stars. Dowling was paired with Laura Nolan. On 6 February 2020, Dowling and Kai Widdrington were announced by RTÉ as the first male same-sex dance partners on the show during switch-up week. Dowling was eliminated from the competition in the first dance-off of the series on 16 February 2020.

Theatre
Dowling has appeared in popular Irish Christmas pantomimes, at Dublin's Tivoli Theatre. In December 2008 – January 2009, he starred as the evil Captain Hook in Anthem Productions' presentation of Peter Pan. Since then, Dowling has had the new character "Bridie" created for him, appearing in 2009's Cinderella and 2010's Beauty and the Beast.

title: Brian Dowling (presenter)


text:
Hamanaka, Hokkaido

Hamanaka (浜中町) is a town located in Kushiro Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.

As of September 30, 2016, it has an estimated population of 6,120 and an area of 427.68 km2.

History

 * 1906: Hamanaka Village is formed.
 * 1963: Hamanaka Village becomes Hamanaka Town.

Notable people

 * Monkey Punch (Japanese manga artist Kazuhiko Katō (加藤一彦 Katō Kazuhiko).

title: Hamanaka, Hokkaido


text:
Australia at the 1984 Summer Olympics

Australia competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States. Australian athletes have competed in every Summer Olympic Games. 242 competitors, 169 men and 73 women, took part in 137 events in 22 sports.

Archery
In the fourth Olympic archery competition that Australia contested, the nation sent one woman and one man. Two-time veteran Terene Donovan improved her score from four years earlier by 99 points even as she fell ten places in the ranking.

Women's Individual Competition
 * Terene Donovan — 2442 points (→ 19th place)

Men's Individual Competition
 * Christopher Blake — 2434 points (→ 31st place)

Athletics
Men's 100 metres
 * Peter Van Miltenburg
 * Qualifying Heat — 10.55
 * Quarterfinals — 10.52 (→ did not advance)

Men's 200 metres
 * Peter Van Miltenburg
 * Qualifying Heat — 21.06
 * Quarterfinals — 21.09 (→ did not advance)

Men's 400 metres
 * Darren Clark
 * Heat — 45.68
 * Quarterfinals — 44.77
 * Semifinals — 45.26
 * Final — 44.75 (→ 4th place)
 * Bruce Frayne
 * Heat — 46.08
 * Quarterfinals — 45.35
 * Semifinals — 45.21 (→ did not advance)
 * Gary Minihan
 * Heat — 46.93 (→ did not advance)

Men's Marathon
 * Robert de Castella — 2:11:09 (→ 5th place)

Men's Long Jump
 * Gary Honey
 * Qualification — 7.93m
 * Final — 8.24m (→ [[Image:Silver medal.svg|16x16px]] Silver Medal)

Men's High Jump
 * John Atkinson
 * Qualification — 2.21m (→ did not advance)

Men's Decathlon
 * Peter Hadfield
 * Final result — 7683 points (→ 14th place)

Men's 20 km Walk
 * David Smith
 * Final — 1:26:48 (→ 10th place)
 * Simon Baker
 * Final — 1:27:43 (→ 14th place)
 * Willi Sawall
 * Final — 1:28:24 (→ 16th place)

Men's 50 km Walk Women's 3,000 metres
 * Michael Harvey
 * Final — 4:09:18 (→ 11th place)
 * Andrew Jachno
 * Final — DNF (→ no ranking)
 * Willi Sawall
 * Final — DNF (→ no ranking)
 * Donna Gould
 * Heat — 9.05.56 (→ did not advance)

Women's Marathon
 * Lisa Martin
 * Final — 2:29.03 (→ 7th place)

Women's 400m Hurdles
 * Debbie Flintoff-King
 * Heat — 57.20
 * Semifinal — 56.24
 * Final — 56.21 (→ 6th place)

Women's Long Jump
 * Robyn Lorraway
 * Qualification — 6.61 m
 * Final — 6.67 m (→ 6th place)
 * Glynis Nunn
 * Qualification — 6.41 m
 * Final — 6.53 m (→ 7th place)
 * Linda Garden
 * Qualification — 6.49 m
 * Final — 6.30 m (→ 11th place)

Women's High Jump
 * Vanessa Browne
 * Qualification — 1.90m
 * Final — 1.94m (→ 6th place)
 * Christine Stanton
 * Qualification — 1.90m
 * Final — 1.85m (→ 11th place)

Women's Discus Throw
 * Gael Martin
 * Qualification — 55.38m
 * Final — 55.88m (→ 8th place)

Women's Javelin Throw
 * Petra Rivers
 * Qualification — 59.12m
 * Final — 56.20m (→ 12th place)

Women's Shot Put
 * Gael Martin
 * Final — 19.19 m (→ [[Image:Bronze medal.svg|16x16px]] Bronze Medal)

Women's Heptathlon
 * Glynis Nunn
 * Final result — 6390 points (→ [[Image:Gold medal.svg|16x16px]] Gold Medal)

Basketball

 * Men's team competition
 * Preliminary round (Group A)
 * Defeated Brazil (76–72)
 * Lost to Yugoslavia (64–94)
 * Defeated West-Germany (67–66)
 * Lost to Italy (82–93)
 * Defeated Egypt (94–78)
 * Quarterfinals
 * Lost to Spain (93–101)
 * Classification Matches
 * 5th/8th place: Lost to Uruguay (95–101)
 * 7th/8th place: Defeated West-Germany (83–76) → Seventh place
 * Team Roster
 * Phil Smyth (captain)
 * Andrew Campbell
 * Damian Keogh
 * Larry Sengstock
 * Mark Dalton
 * Wayne Carroll
 * Mel Dalgleish
 * Andrew Gaze
 * Ian Davies
 * Danny Morseau
 * Brad Dalton
 * Ray Borner
 * Head coach: Lindsay Gaze

 * Women's team competition
 * Preliminary round
 * Lost to PR China (64–67)
 * Lost to United States (47–81)
 * Lost to Canada (45–56)
 * Lost to South Korea (48–54)
 * Defeated Yugoslavia (62–59) → Fifth place
 * Team Roster
 * Robyn Maher
 * Bronwyn Marshall
 * Jenny Cheesman (captain)
 * Patricia Cockrem
 * Donna Quinn
 * Patricia Mickan
 * Julie Nykiel
 * Kathryn Foster
 * Marina Moffa
 * Karen Dalton
 * Wendy Laidlaw
 * Sue Geh

Head Coach: Brendan Flynn

Boxing
Men's Flyweight (– 51 kg)
 * Jeff Fenech
 * First round — Defeated René Centellas (BOL), RSC-3
 * Second round — Defeated David Mwaba (TNZ), 5:0
 * Quarterfinals — Lost to Redzep Redzepovski (YUG), 1:4

Cycling
Twelve cyclists represented Australia in 1984, winning gold in the team pursuit.

 * Individual road race
 * Jeff Leslie – +22:20 (→ 50th place)
 * Michael Lynch – +27:05 (→ 55th place)
 * Gary Trowell – did not finish (→ no ranking)
 * John Watters – did not finish (→ no ranking)

 * Team time trial
 * Jeff Leslie
 * Michael Lynch
 * Gary Trowell
 * John Watters

 * Sprint
 * Kenrick Tucker
 * Max Rainsford

 * 1000m time trial
 * Max Rainsford

 * Individual pursuit
 * Dean Woods
 * Michael Grenda

 * Team pursuit
 * Michael Grenda
 * Kevin Nichols
 * Michael Turtur
 * Dean Woods

 * Points race
 * Glenn Clarke
 * Gary West

Diving
Men's 3m Springboard
 * Steve Foley
 * Preliminary round — 543.87
 * Final — 561.93 (→ 8th place)

Fencing
Three fencers, one man and two women, represented Australia in 1984.

 * Men's foil
 * Greg Benko

 * Women's foil
 * Helen Smith
 * Andrea Chaplin

Field hockey

 * Men's team competition
 * Preliminary round (Group A)
 * Australia — Malaysia 5–0
 * Australia — Spain 3–1
 * Australia — West Germany 3–0
 * Australia — India 4–2
 * Australia — USA 2–1
 * Semi-finals
 * Australia — Pakistan 0–1
 * Bronze Medal Game
 * Australia — Great Britain 2–3 (→ Fourth Place)
 * Team Roster
 * Ric Charlesworth
 * David Bell
 * Jim Irvine
 * Terry Walsh
 * Trevor Smith
 * Grant Boyce
 * Nigel Patmore
 * Neil Snowden
 * Treva King
 * Grant Mitton
 * Peter Haselhurst
 * Adrian Berce
 * Craig Davies
 * Colin Batch
 * Michael Nobbs
 * Terry Leece

 * Women's team competition
 * Round Robin
 * Australia — West Germany 2–2
 * Australia — New Zealand 3–0
 * Australia — Canada 1–2
 * Australia — USA 3–1
 * Australia — Netherlands 0–2
 * Australia eventually finished fourth, after a loss in the penalty shoot-out against home nation the United States.
 * Team Roster
 * Marian Bell
 * Evelyn Botfield
 * Sharon Buchanan
 * Loretta Dorman
 * Pamela Glossop
 * Penny Gray
 * Tricia Heberle
 * Lorraine Hillas
 * Robyn Holmes
 * Kym Ireland
 * Robyn Fernley (captain)
 * Colleen Pearce
 * Sandra Pisani
 * Julene Sunderland
 * Liane Tooth
 * Susan Watkins
 * Head Coach: Brian Glencross

Modern pentathlon
Three male pentathletes represented Australia in 1984.

 * Individual
 * Alex Watson
 * Matthew Spies
 * Daniel Esposito

 * Team
 * Alex Watson
 * Matthew Spies
 * Daniel Esposito

Swimming
Men's 100 m Freestyle
 * Men's Competition
 * Michael Delany
 * Qualifying heat 4 – 51.22 (1st)
 * Final b – DNS
 * Mark Stockwell
 * Qualifying heat 6 – 50.27 (1st)
 * Final – 50.24 (→ [[Image:Med 2.png]] Silver Medal)

Men's 200 m Freestyle
 * Peter Dale
 * Qualifying heat 1 – 1:51.42 (1st)
 * Final – 1:53.84 (8th)
 * Justin Lemberg
 * Qualifying heat 5 – 1:52.73 (4th, did not advance)

Men's 400 m Freestyle
 * Justin Lemberg
 * Qualifying heat 2 – 3:53.89 (1st)
 * Final – 3:51.79 (→ [[Image:Med 3.png]] Bronze Medal)
 * Ron McKeon
 * Qualifying heat 4 – 3:55.06 (4th)
 * Final – 3:55.48 (8th)

Men's 1.500 m Freestyle
 * Justin Lemberg
 * Qualifying heat 1 – 15:29.74 (1st, did not advance)
 * Wayne Shillington
 * Qualifying heat 3 – 15:25.67 (3rd)
 * Final – 15:38.18 (8th)

Men's 100 m Butterfly
 * Glenn Buchanan
 * Qualifying heat 1 – 54.86 (1st)
 * Final – 53.85 (→ [[Image:Med 3.png]] Bronze Medal)
 * Mark Stockwell
 * Qualifying heat 7 – 55.70 (3rd)
 * Final b – DNS

Men's 200 m Butterfly
 * Jon Sieben
 * Qualifying heat 4 – 1:58.63 (2nd)
 * Final – 1:57.04 (→ [[Image:Med 1.png]] Gold Medal)

Men's 100 m Breaststroke
 * Peter Evans
 * Qualifying heat 2 – 1:02.87 (1st)
 * Final – 1:02.97 (→ [[Image:Med 3.png]] Bronze Medal)
 * Brett Stocks
 * Qualifying heat 5 – 1:03.46 (1st)
 * Final – 1:03.49 (6th)

Men's 200 m Breaststroke
 * Glenn Beringen
 * Qualifying heat 6 – 2:17.29 (1st)
 * Final – 2:15.79 (→ [[Image:Med 2.png]] Silver Medal)
 * Peter Evans
 * Qualifying heat 1 – 2:21.21 (2nd)
 * Final b – DNS

Men's 100 m Backstroke
 * Mark Kerry
 * Qualifying heat 2 – 57.15 (1st)
 * Final – 57.18 (5th)
 * David Orbell
 * Qualifying heat 1 – 58.35 (1st)
 * Final b – 58.05 (1st)

Men's 200 m Backstroke
 * David Orbell
 * Qualifying heat 3 – 2:04.00 (1st)
 * Final – 2:04.61 (8th)
 * Kim Terrell
 * Qualifying heat 5 – 2:06.56 (3rd, did not advance)

Men's 200 m Individual Medley
 * Rob Woodhouse
 * Qualifying heat 1 – 2:06.45 (2nd)
 * Final b – 2:04.85 (1st)
 * Glenn Beringen
 * Qualifying heat 2 – 2:08.85 (4th, did not advance)

Men's 400 m Individual Medley
 * Rob Woodhouse
 * Qualifying heat 3 – 4:24.85 (3rd)
 * Final – 4:20.50 (→ [[Image:Med 3.png]] Bronze Medal)

Men's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay
 * Neil Brooks, Michael Delany, Greg Fasala, and Mark Stockwell
 * Qualifying heat 3 – 3:19.94 (1st)
 * Final – 3:19.68 (→ [[Image:Med 2.png]] Silver Medal)

Men's 4 × 200 m Freestyle Relay
 * Graeme Brewer, Peter Dale, Justin Lemberg, and Ron McKeon
 * Qualifying heat 2 – 7:26.93 (2nd)
 * Final – 7:25.63 (4th)

Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay
 * Thomas Stachewicz, Glenn Buchanan, Peter Evans, Mark Kerry, and Mark Stockwell
 * Qualifying heat 3 – 3:43.93 (1st)
 * Final – 3.43.25 (→ [[Image:Med 3.png]] Bronze Medal)

Women's 50 m Freestyle
 * Women's Competition
 * Lisa Curry
 * Qualifying heat 6 – 26.07 (11th)
 * Final b – 25.87 (1st)

Women's 100 m Freestyle
 * Susie Ford
 * Qualifying heat 4 – 57.76 (1st, did not advance)
 * Angela Harris
 * Qualifying heat 6 – 57.30 (2nd)
 * Final – 58.09 (8th)
 * Michelle Pearson
 * Qualifying heat 4 – 56.75 (1st)
 * Final – 56.83 (5th)

Women's 200 m Freestyle
 * Michelle Pearson
 * Qualifying heat 3 – 2:01.49 (2nd)
 * Final – 1:59.79 (4th)
 * Susie Ford
 * Qualifying heat 4 – 2:04.82 (8th, did not advance)
 * Anna McVann
 * Qualifying heat 3 – 2:03.14 (3rd)
 * Final – 2:02.87 (8th)

Women's 400 m Freestyle
 * Susie Ford
 * Qualifying heat 3 – 4:20.68 (4th)
 * Final b – 4:15.46 (1st)
 * Anna McVann
 * Qualifying heat 3 – 4:15.21 (2nd)
 * Final – 4:13.95 (5th)

Women's 800 m Freestyle
 * Susie Ford
 * Qualifying heat 3 – 8:56.40 (6th, did not advance)
 * Anna McVann
 * Qualifying heat 2 – 8:35.19 (2nd)
 * Final – 8:37.94 (4th)

Women's 100 m Butterfly
 * Janet Blood
 * Qualifying heat 4 – 1:01.97 (2nd)
 * Final – 1:01.78 (5th)
 * Lisa Curry
 * Qualifying 7 – 1:01.07 (9th)
 * Final b – 1:01.61 (5th)

Women's 200 m Butterfly
 * Karen Higgison
 * Qualifying heat 3 – 2:11.81 (1st)
 * Final – 2:10.56 (→ [[Image:Med 2.png]] Silver Medal)
 * Janet Blood
 * Qualifying heat 2 – 2:13.74 (2nd)
 * Swim-off with Conny van Bentum (NED) – 2:15.54 (2nd)
 * Final b – DNS

Women's 100 m Breaststroke
 * Dimity Douglas
 * Qualifying heat 2 – 1:12.18 (3rd)
 * Final b – 1:12:00 (3rd)
 * Sharon Kellett
 * Qualifying heat 3 – 1:13.43 (4th, did not advance)

Women's 200 m Breaststroke
 * Dimity Douglas
 * Qualifying heat 3 – 2:36.47 (5th)
 * Final b – 2:39.33 (8th)
 * Sharon Kellett
 * Qualifying heat 2 – 2:33.23 (1st)
 * Final – 2:33.80 (5th)

Women's 100 m Backstroke
 * Georgina Parkes
 * Qualifying heat 3 – 1:04.90 (2nd)
 * Final b – 1:04.52 (2nd)
 * Audrey Youl
 * Qualifying heat 1 – 1:04.94 (3rd)
 * Final b – 1:04.15 (1st)

Women's 200 m Backstroke
 * Georgina Parkes
 * Qualifying heat 1 – 2:18.49 (1st)
 * Final – 2:14.87 (4th)
 * Audrey Youl
 * Qualifying heat 3 – 2:20.12 (4th)
 * Final b – 2:21.36 (8th)

Women's 200 m Individual Medley
 * Michelle Pearson
 * Qualifying heat 3 – 2:17.46 (2nd)
 * Final – 2:15.92 (→ [[Image:Med 3.png]] Bronze Medal)

Women's 400 m Individual Medley
 * Suzanne Dill-Macky
 * Qualifying heat 3 – 4:54.13 (2nd)
 * Final – 4:44.30 (→ [[Image:Med 2.png]] Silver Medal)
 * Karen Higgison
 * Qualifying heat 3 – 5:54.28 (4th)
 * Final b – 4:53.37 (11th)

Women's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay
 * Lisa Curry, Angela Harris, Janet Blood, Michelle Pearson
 * Qualifying heat 1 – 3:49.61 (2nd)
 * Michelle Pearson, Angela Harris, Anna McVann, Lisa Curry
 * Final – 3:47.79 (4th)

Women's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay
 * Audrey Youl, Dimity Douglas, Lisa Curry, and Angela Harris
 * Qualifying heat 2 – DSQ

Water polo

 * Men's team competition
 * Preliminary round (Group C)
 * Lost to West Germany (6–10)
 * Drew with Italy (8–8)
 * Defeated Japan (15–2)
 * Final Round (Group D)
 * Lost to Yugoslavia (6–9)
 * Lost to United States (7–12)
 * Defeated Netherlands (8–7)
 * Drew with Spain (10–10) → 5th place
 * Team Roster
 * Michael Turner
 * Richard Pengelley
 * Robert Bryant
 * Peter Montgomery
 * Russell Sherwell
 * Andrew Kerr
 * Raymond Mayers
 * Charles Turner
 * Martin Callaghan
 * Christopher Wybrow
 * Russell Basser
 * Julian Muspratt
 * Glenn Townsend
 * Head coach: Tom Hoad

title: Australia at the 1984 Summer Olympics


text:
Empress Xiaochengren

Empress Xiaochengren (3 February 1654 – 6 June 1674), of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner Hešeri clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and first empress consort of Xuanye, the Kangxi Emperor. She was empress consort of Qing from 1665 until her death in 1674. Although her marriage was a purely political one, the Kangxi Emperor was very fond of her and left the position of empress vacant for about three years after her death.

Family background
Empress Xiaochengren's personal name was not recorded in history.

 * Father: Gabula (d.1681), served as a first rank military official (領侍衛內大臣), and held the title of a first class duke (一等公)
 * Paternal grandfather: Sonin (1601–1667), served as one of the Four Regents of the Kangxi Emperor, and held the title of a first class duke (一等公)
 * Third paternal uncle: Songgotu (1636–1703)
 * Fifth paternal uncle: Xinyu, held the title of a first class earl (一等伯)
 * Sixth paternal uncle: Fabao, held the title of a first class duke (一等公)
 * Two younger brothers
 * Second younger brother: Changtai, served as a first rank military official, and held the title of a first class duke.
 * Three sisters
 * younger sister: Consort Ping (d.1696)

Lady Hešeri's grandfather, Sonin (索尼; 1601–1667), served as one of the Four Regents of the Kangxi Emperor, and held the title of first class duke. Her father, Gabula (噶布喇; d.1681), served as a military general and also held a title of duke. One of her aunts married with the grandson of Nurhaci, Yolo (岳樂; 1625–1689), Prince of the first rank (和碩安親王); another aunt married with a grandson of Nurhaci, the son of Dodo (多鐸), Cani (察尼; 1640–1688), Prince of the third rank (多羅貝勒).

Shunzhi era
The future Empress Xiaochengren was born on the 17th day of the 12th lunar month in the tenth year of the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor, which translates to 3 February 1654 in the Gregorian calendar.

Kangxi era
In October or November 1665, Lady Hešeri married the Kangxi Emperor and became empress consort because her powerful family could help the emperor on his rules. Although it was a purely political marriage, the Kangxi Emperor was very fond of the Empress. On 4 January 1670, she gave birth to a son, Chenghu, who would die prematurely on 3 March 1672. The death of Prince Chenghu hit the Empress very much, and she became very sick. The Emperor who was staying in Chicheng heard that Lady Hešeri was seriously ill, and he set off for Beijing immediately to take care of Lady Hešeri. After the Empress recovered, she became pregnant again.

The Empress died on 6 June 1674 shortly after giving birth to the emperor's second son, Yunreng. The emperor was extremely sad about the Empress's death, so he made her son the crown prince. After her death, the Kangxi Emperor left the position of empress vacant for about three years before instating one of his consorts, Lady Niohuru, as Empress, on 18 September 1677.

Titles

 * During the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor (r. 1643–1661):
 * Lady Hešeri (from 3 February 1654)
 * During the reign of the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722):
 * Empress (皇后; from October/November 1665 )
 * Empress Renxiao (仁孝皇后; from 1674)
 * During the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor (r. 1722–1735):
 * Empress Renxiaoren (仁孝仁皇后; from June 1723)
 * Empress Xiaochengren (孝誠仁皇后; from July 1723 )

Issue

 * As Empress:
 * Chenghu (承祜 (嫡长子); 4 January 1670 – 3 March 1672), the Kangxi Emperor's second son
 * Yunreng (允礽 (嫡次子); 6 June 1674 – 27 January 1725), the Kangxi Emperor's seventh (second) son, Crown Prince for his lifetime, posthumously honoured as Prince Limi of the First Rank

In fiction and popular culture

 * Portrayed by Li Chentao in Kangxi Dynasty (2001)
 * Portrayed by Zhou Jia in Huang Taizi Mishi (2004)
 * Portrayed by Chae Rim in Secret History of Kangxi (2006)
 * Portrayed by Maggie Shiu in Palace (2011)
 * Portrayed by Zhang Weina in Legend of Dragon Pearl (2017)

title: Empress Xiaochengren


text:
Xiao Zhuang

Xiao Zhuang (蕭莊; 548–577?), often known by his princely title of Prince of Yongjia (永嘉王), was a grandson of Emperor Yuan of Liang, who was declared by the general Wang Lin to be the legitimate emperor of the Liang dynasty in 558, under military assistance by Northern Qi. He thus was one of the three claimants to the Southern dynasties throne, competing with Emperor Xuan of Western Liang, who was supported by Northern Zhou, and the Chen dynasty's founder Emperor Wu of Chen and later his nephew Emperor Wen of Chen. In 560, with Wang Lin defeated by Chen troops, both Wang and Xiao Zhuang fled to Northern Qi, ending their rivalry with Chen and the Western Liang. While Northern Qi emperors made promises to return Xiao Zhuang to the Liang throne, Northern Qi was never able to accomplish that promise, and Xiao Zhuang died shortly after Northern Qi's own destruction in 577.

Early life
Xiao Zhuang was born in 548, as the son of Xiao Fangdeng (蕭方等), the oldest son and heir apparent of Xiao Yi the Prince of Xiangdong, and Lady Xu Zhaopei. The name of his mother is not known to history. At the time of Xiao Zhuang's birth, his great-grandfather Emperor Wu was under siege by the rebel general Hou Jing inside the capital Jiankang, and Xiao Yi had sent Xiao Fangdeng to Jiankang as part of the confluence of provincial troops trying to lift the siege on Jiankang. Xiao Fangdeng distinguished himself during the campaign, but eventually Hou captured Jiankang in 549, taking Emperor Wu and Xiao Yi's older brother Xiao Gang the Crown Prince hostage. After Jiankang's fall, the provincial troops disbanded, and Xiao Fangdeng took his troops back to Xiao Yi's headquarters at Jiangling. Later that year, Xiao Fangdeng died while battling his cousin Xiao Yu (蕭譽) the Prince of Hedong.

In 552, Xiao Yi, after defeating Hou, declared himself emperor (as Emperor Yuan). He created Xiao Zhuang the Prince of Yongjia.

In late 554, Western Wei forces attacked and captured Jiangling, which Emperor Yuan had made capital. Around the new year 555, Western Wei forces put Emperor Yuan to death and declared his nephew Xiao Cha emperor (as Emperor Xuan). All but one of Emperor Yuan's sons, Xiao Fangzhi the Prince of Jin'an (who was not at Jiangling), were put to death as well. Most Liang provinces refused to recognize Emperor Xuan as emperor, and the chief of Emperor Yuan's generals, Wang Sengbian, welcomed Xiao Fangzhi to Jiankang, which he controlled, and declared him the Prince of Liang, preparing to make him emperor. Meanwhile, when Jiangling fell, Xiao Zhuang was hidden by the Buddhist nun Famu (法慕) and therefore was spared from his grandfather's and his uncles' fate. Eventually, he was delivered to one of Emperor Yuan's generals, Wang Lin, and Wang Lin delivered him to Jiankang.

Despite Wang Sengbian's intent to make Xiao Zhuang's uncle Xiao Fangzhi emperor, he soon changed his mind when he became fearful of Northern Qi after Northern Qi forces scored several victories against his. He accepted the proposal of Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi to make Emperor Yuan's cousin Xiao Yuanming emperor, and he declared Xiao Yuanming emperor in summer 555. Wang Sengbian's lieutenant Chen Baxian was displeased by Wang Sengbian's decision, and in fall 555, he made a surprise attack on Jiankang, killing Wang Sengbian and deposing Xiao Yuanming. He declared Xiao Fangzhi emperor (as Emperor Jing). Northern Qi forces almost immediately attacked, and while Chen was able to repel them, in order to try to make peace with Northern Qi, he sent Xiao Zhuang, as well as his nephew Chen Tanlang (陳曇朗), and Wang Min (王珉) the son of the key official Wang Chong (王沖) as hostages to Northern Qi.

Reign
In 557, Chen Baxian had Emperor Jing yield the throne to him, establishing the Chen dynasty as its Emperor Wu. In spring 558, Wang Lin, who had been resisting Chen and had wanted to try to continue the Liang dynasty, requested assistance from Northern Qi and asked that Xiao Zhuang be returned so that he could be declared emperor. Northern Qi did so, and Wang declared Xiao Zhuang emperor at his headquarters of Jiangxia (江夏, in modern Wuhan, Hubei). Wang served as prime minister, and it appeared that Xiao Zhuang did not actually exercise much imperial power due to his young age. Ten provinces pledged allegiance to him as emperor, making up roughly modern Hunan and central and eastern Hubei.

In 559, after the death of Chen Baxian and succession by Chen Baxian's nephew Emperor Wen of Chen, Wang launched a major attack on Chen, leaving Xiao Zhuang at Jiangxia under the protection of his lieutenant Sun Yang (孫暘). In spring 560, when Western Wei's successor state Northern Zhou heard of Wang's campaign, it launched an attack on Jiangxia and put it under siege. Meanwhile, Wang, engaging Chen general Hou Tian (侯瑱), was defeated and forced to flee to Northern Qi. Xiao Zhuang soon fled to Northern Qi as well, and his territory was divided between Chen and Northern Zhou's vassal Emperor Xuan.

After reign
Northern Qi kept Xiao Zhuang as an honored guest, and in 570, the emperor Gao Wei created Xiao Zhuang the Prince of Liang and made a promise to try to return him to the Liang throne. However, faced with internal issues with corruption and infighting, Northern Qi itself was weakening, and on 22 November 573, Wang Lin, a major proponent of Xiao Zhuang's cause, was captured and killed by the Chen general Wu Mingche during a major Chen attack on Northern Qi. In 577, Northern Qi fell to Northern Zhou. Xiao Zhuang was said to be so upset that he died shortly after at the Northern Qi capital Yecheng.

Era name

 * Tianqi (天啟 tiān qǐ) 558–560

title: Xiao Zhuang


text: Category:Indian astrologers

title: Category:Indian astrologers


text:
Talk:Gondor

Capital
I actually think it's Osgiliath.--Jack Upland (talk) 08:51, 22 July 2021 (UTC) How big is Gondor though? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.83.102.139 (talk) 01:34, 2 July 2022 (UTC)

Osgiliath was abandoned as a city some 600 years before the events of Lord of the Rings. There was an outpost of guards there by then, that is all GimliDotNet (talk) 19:27, 22 September 2022 (UTC)

In-fiction etymology
There are two possible kinds of etymology in a work of fiction: in-fiction and out-of-fiction/real-world. A real-world etymology as used by Tolkien is, for instance, the use of "The Shire", where "shire" is a known word of historic and current meaning in British English. An in-fiction etymology is a wholly constructed thing, in which Tolkien imagined the words and languages involved, and invented the history and transformations of the words, as with "Gondor". This type of etymology belongs in the "Literature" section as it is just as much part of the fiction as the geography and history of that fictional country. Chiswick Chap (talk) 18:31, 9 September 2022 (UTC)

Agreed. Take Quenya for instance. The etymology of that proto-language is entirely fictional, and different from say, the Nordic roots of the Dwarven names in The Hobbit. GimliDotNet (talk)|

Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:12, 14 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Battle of the Pelennor Fields.svg
 * Gondor sketch map.svg
 * Location of Gondor 3019 TA.svg

title: Talk:Gondor


text:
Prolation

Prolation is a term used in the theory of the mensural notation of medieval and Renaissance music to describe its rhythmic structure on a small scale, as opposed to tempus, which described a larger scale. The term "prolation" is derived from the Latin prolatio ("enlargement"/"prolongation"), first used by Philippe de Vitry in describing Ars Nova, a musical style that came about in 14th-century France.

Prolation, together with tempus, corresponds roughly to the concept of time signature in modern music. Prolation describes whether a semibreve (whole note) is equal in length to two minims (half notes) (minor prolation or imperfect prolation; in Latin "prolatio minor") or, like a tuplet, three minims (major prolation or perfect prolation; in Latin "prolatio maior"). Tempus similarly describes the relationship between the breve and semibreve. These may be compared to the additive rhythm and divisive rhythm, rhythmic divisions and rhythmic groupings which define time signatures.

Early medieval music was often structured in subdivisions of three, while the note values in modern music are most often subdivided into two parts, 4/4 being the most common time signature, meaning that minor prolation has primarily survived in our time signature system, while major prolation has been replaced by notation modifying note values with dots or triplets. The history of written medieval music shows a gradual shift from major to minor prolation being common.

The equivalent term in the Italian notation of the fourteenth century is "divisio", which covers both tempus and prolation. Italian divisiones, first described by Marchetto da Padova, can also allow four minims within a semibreve. For instance octonaria and duodenaria place eight and twelve minims in a breve respectively divided into two or three "major" semibreves.

title: Prolation


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Mexico at the 1984 Summer Olympics

Mexico competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States. 99 competitors, 77 men and 22 women, took part in 87 events in 18 sports.

Archery
In its second Olympic archery competition, Mexico entered one man and one woman. Aurora Breton, a veteran of Mexico's first appearance in the 1972 archery competition, took ninth place.

Women's Individual Competition:
 * Aurora Bretón — 2481 points (→ 9th place)

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Adolfo González — 2418 points (→ 33rd place)

Athletics
Men's 5,000 metres
 * Gerardo Alcala
 * Heat — 13:50.60
 * Semifinals — 13:45.98 (→ did not advance)

 * Eduardo Castro
 * Heat — 13:51.46
 * Semifinals — 13:42.04 (→ did not advance)

Men's 10,000 metres
 * José Gómez
 * Qualifying Heat — 28:28.50 (→ did not advance)

 * Martín Pitayo
 * Qualifying Heat — 28:59.19 (→ did not advance)

Men's Marathon
 * Jesús Herrera — 2:20:33 (→ 36th place)
 * Rodolfo Gómez — did not finish (→ no ranking)
 * Miguel Angel Cruz — did not finish (→ no ranking)

Men's Javelin Throw
 * Juan de la Garza
 * Qualification — 79.16m (→ did not advance, 14th place)

Men's 20 km Walk
 * Ernesto Canto
 * Final — 1:23:13 (→ [[Image:Gold medal.svg|16x16px]] Gold Medal)

 * Raúl González
 * Final — 1:23:20 (→ [[Image:Silver medal.svg|16x16px]] Silver Medal)

 * Marcelino Colín
 * Final — 1:28:26 (→ 17th place)

Men's 50 km Walk
 * Raúl González
 * Final — 3:47:26 (→ [[Image:Gold medal.svg|16x16px]] Gold Medal)

 * Ernesto Canto
 * Final — 4:07:59 (→ 10th place)

 * Martín Bermúdez
 * Final — DSQ (→ no ranking)

Women's Marathon
 * María Trujillo
 * Final — 2:38:50 (→ 25th place)

 * Maria Cardenas
 * Final — 2:51:03 (→ 40th place)

 * Maria Luisa Ronquillo
 * Final — 2:51:04 (→ 41st place)

Women's 400m Hurdles
 * Alma Vázquez
 * Heat — 1:00.86 (→ did not advance)

Boxing
Men's Flyweight
 * Fausto García

Men's Bantamweight (54 kg)
 * Héctor López → [[Image:Med 2.png]] Silver Medal
 * First Round — Bye
 * Second Round — Defeated Johnny Assadoma (INA), KO-3
 * Third Round — Defeated Joe Orewa (NGR), 4:1
 * Quarterfinals — Defeated Ndaba Dube (ZIM), 5:0
 * Semifinals — Defeated Dale Walters (CAN), 5:0
 * Final — Lost to Maurizio Stecca (ITA), 1:4

Men's Featherweight
 * Javier Camacho

Men's Lightweight
 * Luciano Solis

Men's Light-Welterweight
 * Octavio Robles

Men's Welterweight
 * Genaro Léon

Cycling
Eight cyclists represented Mexico in 1984.

 * Individual road race
 * Raúl Alcalá — +1:43 (→ 11th place)
 * Luis Ramos — +6:14 (→ 17th place)
 * Salvador Rios — +22:20 (→ 47th place)
 * Jesús Rios — did not finish (→ no ranking)

 * Team time trial
 * Raúl Alcalá
 * Félipe Enríquez
 * Guillermo Gutiérrez
 * Cuauthémoc Muñoz

 * Points race
 * José Youshimatz
 * Final — 29 points (→ [[Image:Med 3.png]] Bronze Medal)

Diving
Men's 3m Springboard
 * Jorge Mondragón
 * Preliminary Round — 537.03
 * Final — 550.35 (→ 9th place)

 * Carlos Girón
 * Preliminary Round — 549.75
 * Final — 530.04 (→ 12th place)

Fencing
One female fencer represented Mexico in 1984.

 * Women's foil
 * Lourdes Lozano

Modern pentathlon
Three male pentathletes represented Mexico in 1984.

 * Individual
 * Ivar Sisniega
 * Alejandro Yrizar
 * Marcelo Hoyo

 * Team
 * Ivar Sisniega
 * Alejandro Yrizar
 * Marcelo Hoyo

Swimming
Men's 100m Freestyle
 * Ramiro Estrada
 * Heat — 52.07 (→ did not advance, 23rd place)

 * César Sánchez
 * Heat — 54.94 (→ did not advance, 48th place)

Men's 200m Freestyle
 * César Sánchez
 * Heat — 1:55.82 (→ did not advance, 31st place)

 * Carlos Romo
 * Heat — 1:58.77 (→ did not advance, 42nd place)

Men's 100m Backstroke
 * Ernesto Vela
 * Heat — 1:01.42 (→ did not advance, 32nd place)

Men's 200m Backstroke
 * Ernesto Vela
 * Heat — 2:10.30 (→ did not advance, 26th place)

Men's 100m Breaststroke
 * Eduardo Morillo
 * Heat — 1:06.82 (→ did not advance, 31st place)

Men's 200m Breaststroke
 * Eduardo Morillo
 * Heat — 2:23.72 (→ did not advance, 20th place)

Men's 100m Butterfly
 * Carlos Romo
 * Heat — 57.61 (→ did not advance, 32nd place)

Men's 200m Individual Medley
 * Eduardo Morillo
 * Heat — 2:09.87 (→ did not advance, 23rd place)

Men's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay
 * José Medina, Ramiro Estrada, César Sánchez, and Carlos Romo
 * Heat — 3:33.86 (→ did not advance, 16th place)

Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay
 * Ernesto Vela, Eduardo Morillo, Carlos Romo, and Ramiro Estrada
 * Heat — 3:56.11 (→ did not advance, 14th place)

Women's 100m Freestyle
 * Patricia Kohlmann
 * Heat — 58.76 (→ did not advance, 20th place)

 * Teresa Rivera
 * Heat — 59.61 (→ did not advance, 25th place)

Women's 200m Freestyle
 * Patricia Kohlmann
 * Heat — 2:07.75 (→ did not advance, 21st place)

 * Irma Huerta
 * Heat — 2:09.52 (→ did not advance, 24th place)

Women's 400m Freestyle
 * Irma Huerta
 * Heat — 4:25.13
 * B-Final — 4:23.34 (→ 16th place)

Women's 800m Freestyle
 * Irma Huerta
 * Heat — 8:56.18 (→ did not advance, 12th place)

 * Rosa Fuentes
 * Heat — DNS (→ did not advance, no ranking)

Women's 100m Backstroke
 * Teresa Rivera
 * Heat — 1:06.39 (→ did not advance, 21st place)

Women's 200m Backstroke
 * Teresa Rivera
 * Heat — 2:22.94 (→ did not advance, 20th place)

Women's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay
 * Patricia Kohlmann, Teresa Rivera, Rosa Fuentes, and Irma Huerta
 * Heat — 3:58.31 (→ did not advance)

Women's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay
 * Teresa Rivera, Sara Guido, Maria Urbina, and Patricia Kohlmann
 * Heat — DSQ (→ did not advance)

Synchronized swimming
Women's Solo
 * Pilar Ramírez
 * Claudia Novelo
 * Lourdes Candini

Women's Duet
 * Claudia Novelo and Pilar Ramírez

title: Mexico at the 1984 Summer Olympics