text:
Max Payne 3

Max Payne 3 is a 2012 third-person shooter game developed and published by Rockstar Games. The game was released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on May 15, 2012; a Windows port was released on May 29, 2012, followed by an OS X port on June 20, 2013. It is the sequel to Max Payne 2: The Fall of Max Payne and is the third entry in the Max Payne series. It is also backwards compatible on Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S.

Max Payne 3 is played from a third-person perspective. Throughout the single-player mode, players control Max Payne, a former NYPD detective. Nine years after the events of the second game, Max finds work as a private security contractor in São Paulo, Brazil, but becomes entangled in a quest filled with death and betrayal. An online multiplayer mode is included with the game, allowing up to 16 players to engage in both cooperative and competitive gameplay in re-creations of multiple single-player settings.

As part of their research for the Max Payne 3 's setting, the developers conducted field research around São Paulo throughout development and captured footage for the design team. Development duties were shared between many of Rockstar's studios worldwide.

Max Payne 3 received highly positive reviews from critics, who praised its gameplay, narrative, and action themes, though some criticism was aimed at the change in style from its predecessors, its linear design, and depiction of São Paulo. The game has shipped 4 million units as of May 2013. It was nominated for multiple year-end accolades from several gaming publications, winning a variety of them.

Gameplay
Max Payne 3 is a third-person shooter in which the player assumes the role of its titular character, Max Payne. A new feature to the series is the cover system, which allows players to gain a tactical advantage, and avoid taking damage from enemies. To progress through the linear story, players take on enemies throughout levels. The game features interactive cutscenes which transition seamlessly into continuing gameplay; there are no loading screens across gameplay and cutscenes.

In combat, auto-aim and a cover system can be used as assistance against enemies. Should players take damage, painkillers can be used to regenerate health. Players use melee attacks, firearms and explosives to fight enemies. In action sequences, bullet time can be used; using this feature, it is possible to see every bullet strike an enemy in detail. The game also introduces a "Last Stand" mechanic, granting players a grace period when health is fully depleted that allows the player to kill the enemy that last wounded them in order to remain alive, so long as the player has at least one recovery item. When this feature is utilized, it does deplete all of the player's remaining "bullet time". Also new to the series is that after using the shoot-dodge mechanic, which enables players to dodge enemies by diving, players may shoot at any angle while remaining grounded.

Unlike the previous games in the series, the player character can only hold three weapons at a time. There are two slots for handguns and one for a two-handed weapon. If the player chooses to equip both handguns at the same time, the two-handed weapon must be dropped. Otherwise, the player character holds the two-handed weapon under their arm.

Multiplayer
The online multiplayer mode features maps and modes that dynamically change within a match. Up to 16 players engage in cooperative or competitive gameplay in re-creations of multiple single-player settings. Players may band together in organized player teams, called crews, to complete tasks together. Players can create their own crews, via the Rockstar Games Social Club, and join up to five players together in total. Together, crews can win multiplayer matches to earn experience points and climb online leaderboards. The online multiplayer mode and Social Club support for the game were discontinued in September 2021.

Setting
According to Rockstar's president Sam Houser, it was their intention to start a new chapter of Max Payne's life with the game: "This is Max as we've never seen him before, a few years older, more world-weary and cynical than ever." The press release states that since the last game, Max has left New York City behind and "drifted from bad to worse." The press release goes on to say Max has been double-crossed in this new city and is searching for both the truth and a way out. The game is set in São Paulo, Brazil, several years after the events of the ending of the second game. Max Payne now works in executive protection for the wealthy Rodrigo Branco and his family in the hopes of escaping the memories of his troubled past. When a street gang kidnaps Rodrigo's wife, Fabiana, Max is pulled into a conspiracy of shadowy, warring factions threading every aspect of São Paulo society in a deadly web that threatens to engulf everyone and everything around him.

Plot
Nine years after the events of the second game, Max Payne (James McCaffrey) has retired from the NYPD and spends his days nursing his alcoholism and addiction to painkillers. After an incident in a bar in Hoboken, New Jersey, forces him to leave New York, Max accepts an offer from Raul Passos (Julian Dean), whom he met during the incident, to become a private security contractor in South America. Max finds himself working for the Branco family, consisting of Rodrigo Branco (Frank Rodriguez), a wealthy real-estate mogul; Fabiana Branco (Benedita Pereira), Rodrigo's trophy wife; Giovanna (Shirley Rumierk), Fabiana's sister; Victor Branco (Robert Montano), a local politician; and Marcelo Branco (Dillon Porter), a hard-partying socialite. Operating in São Paulo a few months later, Max thwarts a kidnapping attempt on the Brancos by the Comando Sombra, a local street gang, during a private party. A week later, the gang manage to kidnap Fabiana at a nightclub while Max is overseeing her protection alongside Marcelo and Giovanna.

Instructed to pay $3 million for her release, Rodrigo allows Max and Passos to handle the exchange at a local football stadium. However, the meeting between them and the Comando Sombra is ambushed by the Crachá Preto, an outlaw vigilante militia, who steal the money. Although the pair learn where the Comando Sombra took Fabiana, their attempt to rescue her is thwarted by the gang's leader Serrano (Babs Olusanmokun). Meeting with the Branco brothers at Rodrigo's office, Victor recommends the police handle Fabiana's recovery. Shortly after Victor, Marcelo, and Passos leave, the Crachá Preto attack the office to kill Max. While he survives, Rodrigo is assassinated during the chaos. Blaming himself for the situation, Max swears off alcohol, shaves his head, and proceeds to seek out Serrano and Fabiana within the Nova Esperança favela, based on information from a dying Crachá Preto operative.

During his search of the favela, Max runs into Detective Wilson Da Silva (Stephen Girasuolo), who offers assistance in exchange for help in investigating the Crachá Preto, who he suspects have ties to Victor and the Unidade de Forças Especiais (UFE), São Paulo's police tactical unit. Max eventually reaches Serrano's hideout, only to witness the Comando Sombra murder Fabiana. As the UFE raid the favela, Max finds himself forced to rescue Marcelo and Giovanna, who were captured by the Comando Sombra while attempting to save Fabiana. During his search for the pair, he finds the UFE to be corrupt upon witnessing them selling prisoners to the Crachá Preto. While Max eventually finds and rescues Giovanna, Marcelo is executed by the Crachá Preto. After a shootout at a bus station while trying to hide from the Crachá Preto, Passos arrives to help, but flees with Giovanna, who is pregnant with his child. Angered at being abandoned, Max is picked up by Da Silva, and learns that Passos was on Victor's payroll.

Questioned about an attack on Marcelo's private yacht in the Panama Canal a few weeks earlier, Max recalls that Marcelo and Passos tried to drive away with cargo that the attackers sought to steal. Da Silva reveals the cargo was money that Victor needed laundered in Panama, and that Max was recruited to be the fall guy for his illegal activities. At Da Silva's request, Max investigates a rundown hotel used by the Crachá Preto. His investigation reveals that the building is the base for a black market organ theft ring, which the UFE supplies with their prisoners. After releasing a number of detainees, including Serrano, Max plants explosives around the hotel to destroy it. The Crachá Preto's leader, Álvaro Neves (Gil Cardoso), tries to stop him, but Passos kills him and escapes with Max moments before the hotel is demolished. Although angered at Passos' involvement in Victor's affairs, Max forgives him for coming back for him, and allows him to leave the city with Giovanna.

To expose the involvement of Victor and the UFE with the organ thefts, Da Silva persuades Max to get arrested at the UFE's headquarters in order to search it for incriminating evidence. His search culminates in the discovery that Victor arranged for Rodrigo's murder to acquire his wealth, and that the sales of stolen organs were to fund his campaign in the upcoming mayoral elections. After a confrontation with Victor and the UFE's leader, Armando Becker (Ubirajara de Castro), leads to them escaping, Max pursues them to the airport, leading to an intense fight with the UFE. Max eventually catches up to both, mortally maiming Becker in a shootout, before destroying Victor's private jet with Da Silva's help. Although Max opts to spare Victor's life and leave him to be arrested by Da Silva, he breaks his leg to make him suffer. A week later in Bahia, Max overhears news in a bar that the UFE was disbanded, and Victor was found dead in prison. Choosing to move on with his life, Max takes a walk along the beach as the sun sets.

Development
The game was originally scheduled for release in late 2009. However, it was pushed back to 2010 alongside several other Take-Two Interactive franchises in order to "benefit from having more development time". In June 2010, the game was again pushed back to 2011. On December 21, it was not present on the 2011-2012 calendar year, and was pushed back again. The game was still in development and not canceled or indefinitely halted when Rockstar released two new screenshots for the game. On September 8, 2011, Rockstar announced a March 2012 release date for the game, with a debut trailer released on September 14. In January 2012, Take-Two delayed the game by two months from its original March release date to May 2012. The publisher said the decision was made in order to "ensure that Max Payne 3 delivers the highest quality."

The debut trailer was released on September 14, 2011. The writer for the series, Sam Lake, commented that the game would "maintain its dark and gritty origins" and that fans of the series would be "in for a surprise". Remedy Entertainment head of franchise development, Oskari Häkkinen, praised Rockstar Games' take on the series, stating that it looked "brilliant". Remedy served as consultants for Rockstar when the game reached its final stage of development.

Rockstar Games conducted research to ensure that the vibe, culture, police, weapons and every element of São Paulo was as authentic as possible. The research team visited São Paulo several times and went to lengths researching the local gangs, police and special forces, including each group's choice of equipment and firearms. The fictional UFE resembles Brazilian special police units such as BOPE; the company suggests that fans of the game watch the 2007 Brazilian film Elite Squad (Tropa de Elite), especially the "intense sequences of BOPE soldiers carefully raiding favela warzones and caught in deadly shootouts versus heavily-armed drug dealers and lookouts who wield assault rifles and Uzis as part of daily life." Some retailers bundled the game with the film and its sequel.

In a November 2011 interview, Dan Houser of Rockstar Games said that despite what the general public might think, Rockstar likes to "spend a bit of time" at the end of projects before deciding what to do next. "Basically we have been meaning to start [Max Payne 3] for a while, but we have limited bandwidth and limited studios, and more games to make than we've started. So suddenly it was a good slot," Houser said, explaining why it took eight years to follow up Max Payne 2. "Also, contrary to a lot of people, we like to take a little bit of time at the end of a game before starting a sequel, so we can wait for the excitement or disappointment and everything else of the experience to shake down and really see what we should do in the next game."

The game runs on the proprietary Rockstar Advanced Game Engine (RAGE), along with Euphoria software. In February 2012, it was confirmed that the PC version of the game features DirectX 11 and stereoscopic 3D rendering. The PC version of Max Payne 3 is shipped on four DVDs and the Xbox 360 version on two discs due to the disc size limit; however, the PlayStation 3 version ships on one Blu-ray Disc.

Marketing and release
Max Payne 3 was Rockstar's "biggest and boldest marketing effort thus far". Highlights of the campaign included prominent TV spots during the 2012 UEFA Champions League Final and other mainstream programming, as well as outdoor campaigns. Rockstar Games ran a competition where its Twitter followers who tweet using the #MaxPayne3 hashtag through January 13, 2012, could see their likeness featured in the title's multiplayer. Rockstar also ran another competition to win a trip from New York City to São Paulo to attend at Sonar São Paulo, get a one-off Max Payne 3 Xbox 360 console, and play the game a week before its official release.

Rockstar collaborated with several retail outlets on pre-order bonuses available through several store chains throughout the world. The Cemetery Multiplayer Map is a map pack, where pre-order customers received early access to the map. The Silent Killer Multiplayer Loadout Pack includes the "devastatingly destructive" Light Anti-Tank Weapon, the slippery character burst to quickly escape a deadly firefight, and the listening device item that amplifies hearing, allowing the player to hear approaching enemies from a greater distance. Those who pre-ordered the game from specified retailers received a code for the game's first paid Multiplayer DLC Pack for free. The "Special Edition" includes a 10" tall collectible Max Payne statue, series of game-inspired original still life art prints, bullet keychain (copper and brass-plated iron bullet-shaped) and Max Payne 3 official soundtrack. Exclusive multiplayer content consists of Classic Multiplayer Character Pack and Disorderly Conduct Multiplayer Weapons Pack.

A three-part Max Payne comic book series was released prior to and after the launch of the third game. Published in partnership with Marvel Custom Solutions, it explored the events of the original Max Payne game and its sequel, as well as delving a little further back in the protagonist's troubled past. Rockstar's vice president Dan Houser and Sam Lake of original developer Remedy authorized the books. The series was released as a digital graphic novel and in limited print editions. All three issues of the comic series combined were released for retail and online shops during October 2013, titled Max Payne 3: The Complete Series.

Max Payne themed avatar items are available for purchase on Xbox Live. The PlayStation 3 version features rewards for PlayStation Home. Rockstar re-released the original Max Payne, subtitled Mobile, for iOS devices on April 12, 2012, with the Android version launching later. Max Payne Mobile has been optimized for both iOS and Android devices and features HD graphics, high-resolution textures, Social Club connectivity and user-customizable controls. The Rockstar Games Social Club is a website that displays the gameplay statistics of registered users and feature competitions and awards based on player activity within the game, which will support both Max Payne Mobile and Max Payne 3.

Downloadable content
On May 1, 2012, Rockstar announced that through the year, seven packs of downloadable content (DLC) would be released via PlayStation Network and Xbox Live. Players could purchase DLC packs individually or get all add-on content at a discounted rate (over 35%) by purchasing a "Rockstar Pass". Rockstar released a free bonus downloadable multiplayer pack called Gorilla Warfare on May 17, 2012. The pack includes a Gorilla Mask, which gives extra adrenaline for melee kills from behind, the Lucky Coin, which gives extra cash when looting bodies, and the Booby Trap, an item that booby traps a corpse so that it explodes when looted.

The first DLC Local Justice was released for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 on July 3, with a subsequent release following for PC on August 8. The DLC includes three new maps, a new weapon, a new item, a new multiplayer faction, and achievements and trophies. The second DLC, titled Hostage Negotiation, was originally slated to launch in September, but was pushed back to October 30. Hostage Negotiation adds four new multiplayer maps – Club Moderno, Estádio Do Galatians, Favelas of O Palácio Strip Club and Favela Heights – plus two new rifles, a new Explosive Burst booby trap, additional cosmetic options, and a new avatar faction.

The third DLC, Painful Memories, was originally slated to launch in October, but was delayed to December 4, 2012. Four multiplayer maps are included – the Roscoe street subway map from the first game, the Hoboken dive Marty's Bar, a yacht level called Shoot First, and a Gang Wars map called Canal de Panama. Other additions include the IMG 5.56 and UAR-21 assault rifles, new avatars, and the Hangover Burst which makes enemies spawn with reduced stamina, health and blurred vision. The final DLC, titled Deathmatch Made in Heaven, was released on January 22, 2013. It adds four new multiplayer game modes: a survival mode called Dead Men Walking, Run and Stun, Marked Man and Time Attack, as well as a single player mini-game called New York Minute Arcade Challenge, which is very similar to the New York Minute minigames from previous iterations in the series. It also adds several new weapons and items, as well as a new Burst called Unstoppable, which adds to a player's defensive ability. In April 2021, all downloadable content became free and bundled with the base game via an update on Windows.

Soundtrack
The music was mainly composed by noise rock band Health, with minor collaborations from other artists such as composer Pedro Bromfman. Ivan Pavlovich, music director of Max Payne 3 said, “We wanted to give Max a sound that is really an identifiable sound and HEALTH as a band has an incredible sense of who they are and a very strong identity. When we saw HEALTH perform live it was very clear that they were the ones who were going to be able to capture this.” In an interview with Pitchfork, band member and vocalist Jake Duzsik said, “The number one reaction from HEALTH fans was, ‘What the fuck? You guys are doing a video game score?’ Just surprise. And very congratulatory.” Duzsik continued, “It was fun to make music that was atypical for that sort of entertainment.”

The album was released digitally on May 23, 2012, and the original theme (titled "MAX: THEME") was included in the launch trailer, and was made available for free download on SoundCloud. The soundtrack as a whole was nominated for Best Score in a Game and "TEARS" was nominated for Best Song in a Game at the 2012 Spike Video Game Awards.

On May 13 2022, just before the 10-year anniversary of the game's release, an expanded Anniversary Edition of the soundtrack was announced for release later that year. This would also mark the album's first release on Vinyl record.

Reception
Max Payne 3 received "generally favorable" reviews, according to review aggregator website Metacritic.

Game Informer gave the game 9.25/10, stating "As much as Max Payne 3 is a fascinating portrait of a man, it tells a great, action-packed story that runs in-stride with Max's inner turmoil." GamesRadar gave a perfect score of 5 stars and stated, "Between its pacing, its presentation, and its excellent gunplay, Max Payne 3 has raised the bar for other action games to follow. Welcome back." The Guardian gave a perfect score of 5 stars and they called it "A masterpiece of underworld carnality, depravity and violence."

IGN gave 9/10, and stated "It touches on the disparity between rich and poor, and how resentment and desperation can fester in the slums and the penthouses alike." Destructoid also gave 9/10, stating "Packed with fast action, brutal violence, and a striking cinematic style, all of the stops have been pulled out to make this the most exciting entry in the series to date." Polygon gave 9/10, stating "It is uncompromisingly excellent, with a sense of focus that has secured Max Payne's legacy once again."

GameTrailers also reviewed it favorably, though slightly less so, giving it a 7.6/10, citing issues with the narrative structure, difficulty and minor gameplay bugs, but applauding the multiplayer modes. Eurogamer gave 7/10, stating "All the same, you can't escape the feeling that Rockstar just isn't as good at a pure third-person shooter as it is with the open worlds of Grand Theft Auto or Red Dead Redemption, and in this linear context it's much harder to put up with its usual missteps in mechanics and difficulty." Edge also gave 7/10, stating "Max Payne 3 might solve the problem of how you manage to reload when carrying more than one gun, but detailing alone can't change the fact that this is a surprisingly conservative game from Rockstar".

The game's depiction of São Paulo was met with mixed opinions by Brazilian reviewers, with most criticizing the accent of some of the Brazilian characters. Rodrigo Guerra, from UOL Jogos, said Max experiences things Brazilians are used to, such as the rich living near a slum, football being worshiped as a religion and corrupt cops finding ways of earning some "extra cash". He also commented that Rockstar's poetical depiction of São Paulo is compensated by the game's "great plot" and that "even the ones who live in São Paulo will believe there is a slum called Nova Esperança - and keep away from there, of course". Vanessa Lee, from Canaltech, criticized the game's depiction of São Paulo for being too similar to Rio de Janeiro, pointing out the "streets decorated with coconut trees, slums located in colossal hills (?), a tropical weather that is not part of the paulistano's day-to-day lives, booming funk (São Paulo is more into rap), carioca slang and accent, cops that are more like BOPE than GATE) ...". She also criticized the game's Portuguese lines, which she described as being similar to something taken from Google Translator. Alexandre Silva, from TechTudo, praised Rockstar's effort in recreating São Paulo, but also saw some Rio characteristics in it, besides criticizing the fact that Portuguese actors were hired to voice the main Brazilian characters, resulting in a noticeable accent. Érico Borgo, from Omelete, was not as critical of the characters' accents, adding that usage of strong profanity against Max makes the player feel personally offended and praised the fact that some enemies will comment negatively on Max's supposed attempt to be an American hero trying to fix Brazil.

Sales
Max Payne 3 shipped approximately 3 million units in its first week. In the United States, the game sold 440,000 units in its first month. In July 2012, Take-Two Interactive said that it had sold weaker than expected. By May 2013, it had shipped 4 million units.

Accolades
Max Payne 3 received Best Animation at the 2012 Inside Gaming Awards. It also received multiple nominations from other gaming publications, including Best Shooter, Top Gaming Moment (Hoboken Graveyard Shootout), and Ultimate Game of the Year by Golden Joystick Award; Best Action/adventure Games of 2012 by Destructoid; Best Shooter, Best Song in a Game ("Tears" by Health), Best Original Score, and Best Performance By a Human Male (James McCaffrey as Max Payne) by Spike Video Game Awards; PS3 Game of the Year and Shooter of the Year by GameSpot; and Best Animation by the National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers.

title: Max Payne 3


text:
Peter George (professor)

Peter James George, (September 12, 1941 – April 27, 2017) was a Canadian economist and university administrator. On June 30, 2010, he retired after serving three five year terms as President and Vice-Chancellor of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario.

Accomplishments
Born in Toronto, Ontario, George graduated from the University of Toronto Schools and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1962, a Master of Arts degree in 1963, and a Ph.D. in 1967 from the University of Toronto. He joined McMaster University as a lecturer in 1965. In 1967, he became an Assistant Professor, Associate Professor in 1971, and a Professor of Economics in 1980. From 1974 to 1979, he was Associate Dean of Graduate Studies and from 1980 to 1989 was Dean of Social Sciences. He was appointed president of McMaster on July 1, 1995 and served three five-year terms. He retired on June 30, 2010, and was replaced by Patrick Deane formerly of Queen's University.

From 1991 to 1995, he served a term as president of the Council of Ontario Universities.

In 1999, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada.

George was also a trustee of the University of Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates, as well as the chair of the Hamilton chapter of the United Way. In October 2007 Peter George was named honorary Lt.Col. of 705 (Hamilton) Communication Squadron, a reserve signals unit in the Canadian Forces.

In December 2007, Peter George was made a Member of the Order of Ontario.

Personal life
George's first wife, Gwendolyn Scharf, died of cancer in 1997. In 1998 he married Allison Barrett, and in 2008 they adopted a daughter from China.

On April 27, 2017, George died following an illness.

Contract controversy
According to Maclean's Magazine, Peter George was Ontario's highest paid university president and received over $500,000 in salary and taxable benefits in 2007. The executive of the McMaster University Faculty Association (MUFA) passed a resolution in late June 2008 that raised questions about the appropriateness of some of the specifics of President George's post-retirement payments in the form of research leaves and expressed concerns about the secrecy that seems to have characterized the process involved in his controversial contract.

The contract, meant to remain confidential, provides George with a $1.4 million retirement allowance, to be paid over 14 years. The payments are to be made at the rate of $99,999 per year, which was $1 below the threshold that would require the payments to be reported publicly under salary-disclosure legislation in place when the contract was signed. In 2006 Ontario Universities became subject to Freedom of Information legislation, and the Hamilton Spectator newspaper applied to request release of the contract; the university fought for two years to prevent this release until it finally provided the newspaper with the contract in 2008.

In a Hamilton Spectator article in March 2010, the paper stated that George considered attempting to hide the retirement bonus from disclosure to be "the most foolish thing he did in office". According to George, "I take full responsibility for the stupidity of converting my post-retirement allowances into a figure that was seen quite clearly as an attempt to avoid public disclosure."

Publications
George has a number of publications to his credit in his academic career, including two books:
 * Government Subsidies and the Construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway (New York : Arno Press, 1981) ISBN 0-405-13757-5
 * The Emergence of Industrial America: Strategic Factors in American Economic Growth Since 1870 (Albany : State University of New York Press, 1982) ISBN 0-87395-578-1 (hard cover), ISBN 0-87395-579-X (paperback)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Peter George (professor)


text:
HMS K26

HMS K26 was the only modified K-class submarine of Britain's Royal Navy to be completed. One of six ordered, she was laid down towards the end of the First World War but not completed until five years after its end.

Six boats, K23-K28 were ordered in June 1918 but the end of the war meant that only K26 was completed, the remainder all being cancelled on 26 November 1918. Even so, she was finished slowly. Although launched at Vickers yard in August 1919 she was towed to Chatham in 1920 and completed in June 1923.

She was a better design than the previous seventeen K-boats, experience with them having led to various changes. The swan bow was modified and the hydroplanes moved to operate in the wake of the propellers. All of this led to a reduction in speed of around 0.5 knots (0.9 km/h) on the surface compared to her predecessors.

She also had six 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes in the bow instead of the four 18 inch (457 mm) ones of the earlier members of the class, which required her to be 12 feet (4 m) longer. The four 18 inch (457 mm) beam tubes were nevertheless retained. The superstructure was modified to improve the protection of the funnels and uptakes, and almost cured the unfortunate tendency of water entering down the funnels putting the boiler fires out in bad weather.

She also had capacity for 300 tons of fuel oil, instead of the 197 tons of the earlier boats which gave her a greater range even though her displacement was larger. Underwater endurance was similar to her predecessors. Improved ballast tank arrangements cut the diving time to 3 minutes 12 seconds to get to 80 feet (24 m). She also had an increased maximum diving depth of 250 feet (76 m).

In 1924 she embarked with much publicity on a long voyage via Gibraltar, Malta and the Suez Canal, to Colombo and Singapore and back again.

She was taken out of service in April 1931 because her displacement exceeded the limits for submarine displacement in the London Naval Treaty of 1930, and broken up shortly afterwards. She was the last steam-powered submarine built anywhere in the world until the first nuclear powered submarine, USS Nautilus (SSN-571) was launched in 1954.

title: HMS K26


text: User talk:134.220.3.2

title: User talk:134.220.3.2


text:
Shibecha, Hokkaido

Shibecha (標茶町) is a town located in Kushiro Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. As of September 2016, the town has an estimated population of 7,230 and a density of 6.6 persons per km2. The total area is 1,099.41 km2.

History

 * 1923: Kumaushi Village (熊牛村) is formed.
 * 1929: Village renamed to Shibecha.
 * 1950: Shibecha Village becomes Shibecha Town.

Mascots
Kushiro's mascots is Milkcook (ミルクック) and Kurobe Happy (ハッピーくろべえ). They are bovines with a strong sense of justice.
 * Milkcook is a mild-mannered dairy cow. She is a chef who can cook fast. She will moo if she fails to cook something good. As a result of her cooking skills, she promotes hospitality in the town while promoting the importance of milk. She became mascot in Spring 2006.
 * Kurobe Happy is an optimistic bull who loves matsuris. He wears a blue happi. As a result of his fascination of festivals, he promotes events in the town while promoting the importance of beef. He became mascot during the 2011 Fall Matsuri.

Notable people from Shibecha

 * Nobukatsu Fujioka, professor of education
 * Keiko Takahashi, actress

title: Shibecha, Hokkaido


text:
Willow Creek Pass

Willow Creek Pass may refer to:

 * Willow Creek Pass (Colorado)
 * Willow Creek Pass (Montana)
 * Willow Creek Summit, a mountain pass in Idaho

title: Willow Creek Pass


text:
Joseph M. Baldwin

Joseph Mason Baldwin (9 September 1878 – 6 July 1945) was Victorian government astronomer 1920–1943.

Baldwin was born in Carlton, Melbourne, Australia, the third son of Joseph Baldwin (d.1887) and his wife Emma Maria, née Graham. J.M. Baldwin's maternal grandfather was astronomer Andrew Graham who was involved in his grandson's training.

Baldwin received his professional education at the University of Melbourne in the state of Victoria, Australia from 1896 to 1913, where he received two Bachelor's, a Master's and lastly a Doctor of Science degree.

He was chief assistant at the Melbourne Observatory from 1908, acting Director from 1915 and served as government astronomer in the state of Victoria from 1920 to 1943.

Baldwin was president, Royal Society of Victoria 1925–26; president, Section A, Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science 1930-31 and fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society.

Baldwin became acquainted with the work of Edward J. Nanson, a professor of mathematics at the University of Melbourne, and wrote an article describing an elimination method for the Borda count based on Nanson's research.(1)  This method is referred to as Baldwin's method.

Baldwin Rocks are named after him.

title: Joseph M. Baldwin


text:
Good Times (Chic song)

"Good Times" is a disco soul song by American R&B band Chic from their third album Risqué (1979). It ranks 68th on Rolling Stone's list of the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time", and has become one of the most sampled songs in music history, most notably in hip hop music. Originally released with "A Warm Summer Night" on the B-side, it was reissued in 2004 with "I Want Your Love" on the B-side, a version which was certified Silver in the UK.

Lyrics and inspiration
The lyrics include a reference to Milton Ager's "Happy Days Are Here Again". It also contains lines based on lyrics featured in "About a Quarter to Nine" made famous by Al Jolson. Nile Rodgers has stated that these Great Depression-era lyrics were used as a hidden way to comment on the then-current economic conditions in the United States.

In a 2015 interview Rodgers stated that "Good Times" was partly inspired by the 1974 Kool & The Gang song "Hollywood Swinging".

Reception
Cash Box praised the "excellent production" and "bright, sassy female vocals." Record World said that "cuddly vocals, crystalline piano & production equal 'good times.'"

Chart performance
The song hit number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 on August 18, 1979, before being ousted by The Knack's smash hit "My Sharona" the following week. Along with the songs "My Forbidden Lover" and "My Feet Keep Dancing", "Good Times" reached #3 on the disco chart. It reportedly sold more than 5 million copies, making it, at the time, the best-selling 45 rpm single in the history of Atlantic Records. Billboard named "Good Times" the number one soul single of 1979.

Track listing and formats
7" vinyl single
 * A. "Good Times" – 3:42
 * B. "A Warm Summer Night" – 6:08

12" vinyl single
 * A. "Good Times" – 8:10
 * B. "A Warm Summer Night" – 6:08

Promo 12" vinyl single
 * A. "Good Times" – 8:08
 * B. "Good Times" – 3:42

12" 2004 reissue
 * A. "Good Times" – 8:15
 * B. "I Want Your Love" – 6:53

Personnel

 * Vocals: Alfa Anderson
 * Piano: Andrew Barrett (Schwartz)
 * Bass guitar, vocals: Bernard Edwards
 * Strings: Cheryl Hong
 * Vocals: Fonzi Thornton
 * Strings: Karen Karlsrud
 * Strings: Karen Milne
 * Vocals: Luci Martin
 * Vocals: Michele Cobbs
 * Guitar: Nile Rodgers
 * Keyboards: Raymond Jones
 * Keyboards: Robert Sabino
 * Percussion: Sammy Figueroa
 * Drums: Tony Thompson
 * Vocals: Ullanda McCullough
 * Strings: Valerie Haywood
 * Writers: Bernard Edwards, Nile Rodgers
 * Producers: Bernard Edwards, Nile Rodgers
 * Engineer: Bob Clearmountain
 * Masterer: Dennis King

Disco Montego version
"Good Times" was covered by Australian musicians Disco Montego, Selwyn, Katie Underwood, Peta Morris, and Jeremy Gregory and released on November 4, 2002. It was released as part of Australia's 'Rumba' music festival, which took place in November and December 2002 across Australia. The song peaked at number 52 on the ARIA Singles Chart in December 2002 in its sixth week.

Track listing
CD single
 * 1) "Good Times"
 * 2) "Good Times" (karaoke version)
 * 3) "Disco Montego Megamix"
 * 4) "Good Times" (extended mix)

Sampling and motifs
The bass line of "Good Times" was recreated in the Sugarhill Gang's 1979 single "Rapper's Delight", a key track in the development of hip hop. Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards threatened legal action over copyright, which resulted in a settlement and them being credited as co-writers. Rodgers said that he was originally upset with the song, but later declared it to be "one of his favorite songs of all time" and his favorite of all the tracks that sampled Chic (the song used samples of the strings, and an interpolation of the bass line). He also stated that "as innovative and important as 'Good Times' was, 'Rapper's Delight' was just as much, if not more so." Traditionally, Chic's live performances of "Good Times" incorporate a portion of "Rapper's Delight" including audience participation call-and-response.

UK garage group Da Click's 1999 debut single "Good Rhymes" interpolated the song's bassline and chorus along with vocals from Luther Vandross' "Never Too Much".

Queen's John Deacon reportedly used the song's bass line as inspiration for his own bass line for the band's 1980 single "Another One Bites the Dust". The lines were so similar that the press accused Chic of ripping off the line from Queen even though "Good Times" was recorded and released earlier. Both Rodgers and Edwards said that Deacon was hanging around them when "Good Times" was recorded. Years later, Queen guitarist Brian May acknowledged Chic's influence on Deacon's playing, saying, "It's very Nile Rodgers. John absolutely adored him — we all do. John was very influenced by him, without a doubt. What an amazing guy Nile Rodgers is."

title: Good Times (Chic song)


text:
Chinese Taipei at the 1984 Summer Olympics

The Republic of China (ROC) competed as Chinese Taipei at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California for the first time. The change in name was a result of the Nagoya Resolution, adopted by the International Olympic Committee in 1979 after the objections raised in the 1970s by the People's Republic of China (PRC) over the political status of Taiwan. The IOC restrictions over the ROC name led to the ROC boycott of the Summer Games of 1976 and 1980; the PRC boycotted the Olympic Games prior to the adoption of the resolution. The 1984 Summer Games Chinese Taipei team included 31 men and 7 women, taking part in 40 events in 12 sports. In weightlifting, athletes both from Chinese Taipei and the People's Republic of China won medals.

Archery
Chinese Taipei entered one man and one woman in the archery competition. Both placed 42nd in their respective divisions.

Women's Individual Competition
 * Lu Jui-Chiung — 2226 points (→ 42nd place)

Men's Individual Competition
 * Tu Chih-Chen — 2376 points (→ 42nd place)

Athletics
Men's Marathon
 * Chen Chang-Ming
 * Final — 2:29:53 (→ 56th place)

Men's Long Jump
 * Lee Fu-an
 * Qualification — 7.23m (→ did not advance, 20th place)

Men's High Jump
 * Liu Chin-Chiang — 2.10m (→ did not advance)

Men's Javelin Throw
 * Chen Hung-Yen
 * Qualification — 71.48m (→ did not advance, 24th place)

Men's Decathlon Women's 400m Hurdles
 * Ku Chin-shui
 * Final Result — 7629 points (→ 16th place)
 * Lee Fu-an
 * Final Result — 7541 points (→ 19th place)
 * Lai Lih-Jiau
 * Heat — 58.54 (→ did not advance)

Women's High Jump
 * Liu Yen-Chiu
 * Qualification — 1.70m (→ did not advance, 29th place)

Women's Javelin Throw
 * Lee Hui-Chen
 * Qualification — 52.46m (→ did not advance)

Women's Heptathlon
 * Tsai Li-Jiau
 * Final Result — 5447 points (→ 18th place)

Boxing
Men's Light Flyweight (– 48 kg)
 * Chung Pao-Ming
 * First Round — Bye
 * Second Round — Lost to Keith Mwila (KEN), RSC-2

Cycling
Two cyclists represented Chinese Taipei in 1984.

 * Sprint
 * Lee Fu-hsiang

 * 1000m time trial
 * Lee Fu-hsiang

 * Individual pursuit
 * Hsu Chin-te

Fencing
Two fencers, both men, represented Chinese Taipei in 1984.

 * Men's foil
 * Lee Tai-Chung
 * Tsai Shing-Hsiang

 * Men's épée
 * Lee Tai-Chung
 * Tsai Shing-Hsiang

Modern pentathlon
One male pentathlete represented Chinese Taipei in 1984.

 * Individual
 * Chen Kung-Liang

Swimming
Men's 100m Freestyle
 * Michael Miao
 * Heat — 52.76 (→ did not advance, 30th place)

Men's 200m Freestyle
 * Michael Miao
 * Heat — 1:55.01 (→ did not advance, 27th place)

Men's 400m Freestyle
 * Wu Ming-Hsun
 * Heat — 4:16.49 (→ did not advance, 34th place)
 * Lin Chun-Hong
 * Heat — 4:20.65 (→ did not advance, 35th place)

Men's 1500m Freestyle
 * Wu Ming-Hsun
 * Heat — 16:14.40 (→ did not advance, 23rd place)
 * Lin Chun-Hong
 * Heat — 16:44.94 (→ did not advance, 25th place)

Men's 400m Individual Medley
 * Wu Ming-Hsun
 * Heat — 5:02.94 (→ did not advance, 22nd place)

Women's 200m Freestyle
 * Wen San
 * Heat — 2:05.85 (→ did not advance, 18th place)
 * Chang Hui-Chien
 * Heat — 2:13.41 (→ did not advance, 28th place)

Women's 400m Freestyle
 * Wen San
 * Heat — 4:23.30
 * B-Final — 4:21.61 (→ 15th place)
 * Chang Hui-Chien
 * Heat — 4:42.47 (→ did not advance, 24th place)

Women's 800m Freestyle
 * Wen San
 * Heat — 9:09.73 (→ did not advance, 17th place)
 * Chang Hui-Chien
 * Heat — 9:34.93 (→ did not advance, 20th place)

Women's 200m Butterfly
 * Wen San
 * Heat — 2:21.10 (→ did not advance, 22nd place)
 * Chang Hui-Chien
 * Heat — 2:24.89 (→ did not advance, 27th place)


text:
Talk:Outline (list)

2005
Italic text''Okeydoke; I know I'm just a newbie, but I'm gonna be bold and revert this back to a candidate to be moved to Wikitionary-- as it stands it's not even a full definition and I can't really see how it could be made encyclopaedic. And I really don't mean this personally, but Kappa, I'd just like to point out that the template for moving to wikitionary says: "If this article can be modified to be more than a dictionary entry, please do so and remove this message" (emphasis added). Simply deleting a request to move without attempting to expand the article strikes me as counterproductive; this article's been on the Cleanup list since the day it written with no significant alterations since then. I'm just trying to do my part to keep the place neat. ;-) Soundguy99 23:02, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Notwithstanding what the tag says, things get speedily deleted (arguably out of process) after moves to wiktionary, and I oppose the deletion of encyclopedic topics like this. Kappa 23:34, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Minor gender issue
"They both help the writer to organize her ideas."

I changed 'her' to 'his or her.' Many people believe that offering either gender when sex is unknown is cumbersome, so they agree to use the masculine pronoun. I prefer 'his or her' to keep things equal, but it really doesn't matter. Change it to masculine if you want. But leaving it as feminine makes it seem like all writers are female. --Acetic Acid 04:01, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The essential notion is fairness, which means that we not do it one way all the time. Using masculine all the time is not an avoidance of the cumbersome, it is a return to an old style which eliminates feminine gender from serious discussion. Not acceptable, today. Your last line is perverse. Pray tell what impression it leaves if we "leave it as masculine"? Another common solution is to alternate genders, through one's text, or to use the third person pronoun (in English ("they"). More and more I see the latter. Tom Cloyd (talk) 15:10, 15 March 2010 (UTC)

 * The notion is flawed, and using "her" in random places instead of "his" is no better than using "him" all the time (worse, since it's jarring to anyone over the age of about 20, and distracts them from the article, putting them into a frame of mind about gender and language instead of what they're reading). The blindingly obvious solution is to simply rewrite all such case to avoid any such construction, whether an awkward "his/her", a political and distracting "her" or an insensitive and patriarchal "his":  "They both help writers organize their ideas." — SMcCandlish   Talk⇒ ʕ(Õلō)ˀ  Contribs. 06:24, 21 October 2011 (UTC)

Tone dispute
Hi, GPHemseley filed a request for a third opinion regarding the ongoing dispute over the tone. After reviewing the separate reversions and the edit summaries, I'm inclined to agree with GPHemseley's version. However, neither he nor Rmcmn have explained their reasoning on this talkpage and both users have failed to maintain civility. I have added the NPOV template because the entire "Outlining reports" section is someone's opinion stated as though it were fact. Whose opinion this is is unknown to me. DRK 21:37, 23 September 2006 (UTC)
 * He didn't have a version. All he did was change the header levels and request a change of tone. I did explain that there aren't any contractions, abbreviations, or slang: meaning it's not informal. As for bias, I added some qualifiers. Writer's guides generally recommend these practices.--Rmcmn 00:34, 24 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Please remain civil. Calling other users' edits vandalism, when the edits are made in good faith, is pointless. Please state which writers guides recommend these practices. DRK 03:01, 24 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I changed the header levels because they needed to be changed. They were too small and should have been bigger. "Contractions, abbreviations, or slang" may constitute informality, but the lack of them doesn't automatically constitute formality. You can be "formal" (as per that definition) and still not have the right tone. Tone often goes along with NPOV, as DRK has mentioned above. Not to mention that Rmcmn registered simply to revert my changes to this article. Those are his only contributions. (And it should be noted that I requested a third opinion immediately after my second revert.) —Gordon P. Hemsley→ ✉ 20:58, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

More background needed
This article is more of a how-to article, which is common in encyclopedia articles about outlines. But a really good article would have historical information about the evolution of outlining styles. Presumably they arose in pedagogical circles, but that information would be interesting. Mark Foskey 13:51, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

the article is a disaster. It is also unreferenced. It should probably just be turned into a redirect to summary. --dab (𒁳) 13:02, 6 July 2009 (UTC)
 * There is a draft of a rewrite at WikiProject Outline of knowledge/Drafts/Outline. Hasn't been worked on since April though. -- Quiddity (talk) 21:25, 6 July 2009 (UTC)

2009
Found in Category:Wikify_from_August_2007; Did what I could...Added WPBanners and flagged for needing attention. -- Mjquin_id (talk) 22:16, 1 February 2009 (UTC)

Objection to the move and to the merge
There was already a disambiguation page. This page should be moved back to Outline, as it is the main outline article.

There's no apparent reason to merge the article with "summary".

The Transhumanist 02:08, 7 July 2009 (UTC)

 * well, then let's reduce the current revision to what is actually sourced. We will then have a stub without any real content. You will be free to build an encyclopedic article from that, provided you do it properly.
 * This article already combines two meanings of the term "outline", viz., "hierarchical document structure" and "plot summary". This is the result of an article of a secondary meaning of the term residing at the outline title. Your "hieararchical list" thing isn't the primary meaning of "outline", check a dictionary. If you can defend a standalone encyclopedic article on this topic, that's fine. If not, we should merge. By "defend" I mean sit down and actually come up with some content acceptable within our content guidelines. --dab (𒁳) 07:30, 7 July 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm against reducing the article, on the grounds that it is more useful in its current state than a stub would be. You are welcome to AfD it, but I think others will agree it's worth keeping.

 * You might want to contact the authors and let them know about your proposal. They may have an interest in improving the article.

 * The Transhumanist 21:21, 7 July 2009 (UTC)

 * An outline comes chronologically before the content is created; it's a plan. A summary is a subsequent analysis of the content. I think that Outline (plan) should be the title of the article we're talking about here. Binksternet (talk) 22:34, 10 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Hierarchical outlines can be stand-alone documents, and outlining can be used as a form of writing (where outlines are the writing medium) or as a notetaking method. And outlines can be used as writing tools before the creation of a written work, or afterwards as a revision tool.  For example, most of the outlines created on Wikipedia are "reverse outlines" (outlining what is already on Wikipedia).  The main characteristic of outlines, whether used at the beginning or end of the composition process, is that they are hierarchical.  Therefore, I've renamed the article to Outline (hierarchical).  The Transhumanist 19:33, 29 July 2009 (UTC)

your article has no apparent basis in any reference cited. "Outline" is just another term for "rough summary". So outlines can be "hierarchical". How is this an article topic? The article's content seems to be restricted to like, you can use numbers or letters to arrange your hierarchical outline. How is this encyclopedic? Wikipedia is WP:NOT a how-to guide. You should try wikibooks. --dab (𒁳) 14:24, 21 October 2009 (UTC)

I also object to a merge. There is a clear distinction between an Abstract (summary) and an Outline (which have dedicated Outliner software). As the 3rd objector, I'll remove the merge tag. However, I would agree that there is potential for some sort of merge for these 3 articles - Summary, Executive summary, Précis - but that should be discussed elsewhere. -- Quiddity (talk) 22:24, 2 April 2010 (UTC)

I concur with distinguishing the two - "There is a clear distinction between an Abstract (summary) and an Outline". I was struck by this confusion upon first encountering this article. With 7 years of graduate school under my belt I have no doubt at all as to what an outline IS. It is not essentially a summary, but rather a concept analysis (in the sense of a breaking into pieces). It surely CAN be used as a summary, but that is using one thing to do another - a legitimate action, but not an argument for confusing or confabulating the two. I will leave resolution of this matter to others (for now, at least), as I have more critical issues to attend to at WP. Tom Cloyd (talk) 22:43, 2 April 2010 (UTC)

Correction of violation in this article of a basic principle of outlining
I am amused, as someone who uses outlining a great deal, to find that the outline of this article on outlines seems to have been prepared by someone who does not know the subject. It is basic (taught in the USA from middle school - approx. grades 6-9 - on) that when an entry in an outline is divided there must be two or more division. One cannot divide anything into one. That's illogical. Ironically, this principle is stated in the article itself: "Note that each category above has at least two subcategories." This appears in the section on Alphanumeric outlines.

This is wrong:

A. 1. B. 1. 2.

Either of these corrections is right:

A. B. 1. 2.

OR...

A. 1. 2. B. 1. 2.

I found this article, on 2010.03.15, to contain two instances of a division of a heading into ONE subheading. Nonsense. So now we have "illiteracy", "innumeracy", and "illoutlineracy" - HA!

But not in this article, any longer.

Divide and conquer!

Reference: "Division - How do I accomplish this?" in Four Main Components for Effective Outlines

Tom Cloyd (talk) 15:06, 15 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Please WP:Be bold, fix mistakes, and improve content. That's the only way this place works. :) -- Quiddity (talk) 22:26, 2 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Thank you, sir. I shall unleash the shy pups of my intellect (well, they're more like rabid hounds, in truth), and forge on, emboldened by your affirmative response. Bold is easy for me. So is rational, and that does give some folks a bit of a problem - but most of them well deserve the problem, if I may say so! Tom Cloyd (talk) 22:36, 2 April 2010 (UTC)

Two Chicago Manual of Style references
There two different editions of the Chicago manual of Style referenced, which seems a bit silly. The 15th edition is reference in the first section and in "Outline organization", and the 14th edition is referenced in "Alphanumerically labeled hierarchical outlines". The references to the 15th edition were recently added by Tomcloyd. Since I don't have a copy of the 15th edition, it would be good if Tomcloyd or someone else could verify that the recommended style is the same in the 15th ed as in the 14th, and then update that last reference to just refer to the 15th ed. Rwessel (talk) 03:47, 14 April 2010 (UTC)

 * I agree. I worked on the article this afternoon for as much time as I had, and noted this silly discrepancy (which I caused), but had more urgent issues to resolve at the time. I will fix this, and other things, tomorrow, when I have some time to go by the library, where the 15th edition is available to me. Tom Cloyd (talk) 05:29, 14 April 2010 (UTC)

 * update - Didn't get to this today. Will tomorrow. I also hope to expand the article just a bit, to make it more useful. Thanks for your patience. Tom Cloyd (talk) 04:18, 15 April 2010 (UTC)

I updated it to the 16th. — SMcCandlish  Talk⇒ ʕ(Õلō)ˀ  Contribs. 06:26, 21 October 2011 (UTC)

Article improvements
Two very recent tag additions to the header of this article (by Verbal) lead me to comment:

 * notability tag: The concept of an outline is central to organization of complex subjects of all sorts, whether this organization be expressed in writing, speech, or graphs. I do not see how its notability can reasonably be questioned.
 * One could consider merging it with the hierarchy article, but there are problems with that which suggest it's not a good idea. For one thing, outlines are primarily a tool for ordering expressions (writing and speech), and have traditional rules for their construction which do not appear to map well into other areas in which hierarchical ordering is seen.
 * One of the central points of the present outline article is that items subordinate to any given level in an outline must be two or more in number. This principle is well documented in the article. It is also a principle routinely violated in Wikipedia (see the aforementioned Hierarchy article for an example of this!). The major English style manuals are in agreement on this principle, yet many editors at Wikipedia seem unfamiliar with the notion, with the result that their work appears to fail to meet accepted standards of writing. The solution to this is to question the notability of the concept? I hardly think so.
 * dicdef tag: This simply is not true. That that article should be congruent with such such definitions suggests that it is essentially correct. However, the presence of cited references, and of examples, clearly goes well beyond a mere dictionary definition. Reduction to a dictionary definition would make the content far less informative and useful. I will never support this.

What's needed - some sense of historical context or evolution - may not be possible. I do not yet know of secondary source material for the development of such a narrative. To suggest that the article is deficient because of lack of such content is a salient criticism only if such material exists but has not yet been referenced here. Let's execute - and document - a lit. search for this material, and post the result here. Whatever it is, the value of the article will be improved. I will personally commit to undertaking this little project sometime in August, after completing a few other tasks. Tom Cloyd (talk) 21:09, 24 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Our policies are spelled out at WP:NOTE and WP:NOT. Could you please reference these to show how notability is met, and how this is not a dictionary definition? I think this may be a valid article, but I've yet to see any reliable sources on "outlines". Thanks, Verbal chat  21:17, 24 July 2010 (UTC)

 * I guess my first question is how does the reference to the Chicago Manual of Style fail to satisfy the "General notability guidelines" in WP:NOTE? And as for dicdef, the article is clearly about the concept of hierarchical outlines, and not the word.  Perhaps you could explain your specific objections?  Rwessel (talk) 23:25, 28 July 2010 (UTC)

 * "Our policies are spelled out at WP:NOTE and WP:NOT. Could you please reference these to show how notability is met, and how this is not a dictionary definition?" You assert non-notability (apparently never having taken a college level writing course). You must justify your assertion. That's a basic rule in Western logic systems since at least the time of the classical Greeks. Merely citing a whole WP article does not constitute an argument justifying your assertion. I see this sort of nonsense done all the time at WP, and the majority of the time the citation is inadequate or irrelevant. Following in that tradition of misuse of citations, I assert that such does not constitute an argument (citation: Aristotle, Prior and Posterior Analytics). (You see how ineffective that is? Would you care to plow through that tome to find what it is that supports my assertion? That's what you ask me to do with your shotgun citations.)

 * I will readily agree that this article is not adequately sourced, and I have scheduled myself to return in mid-August (I'm busy moving to another state right now) and fix that. I assure you that the concept of outlines and outlining, as an essential part of writing, is well covered in all, repeat all, the major English style manuals in current use. They are always available for consultation in the reference section of any decent library. I have cited three of the principal manuals (Turabian, Chicago, MLA) in the article, in reference note 6.

 * I again assert that this topic - outlines and outlining - should be elevated in notability at WP, not reduced, given that article after article in WP demonstrates how NOT to construct an article outline. Let's get this Outline article up to snuff, then get the problem at WP addressed by making correct outlining an official policy here. Not to fix this problem makes editors here appear simply ignorant. Tom Cloyd (talk) 00:17, 29 July 2010 (UTC)
 * It will never be "an official policy". None of the WP:Manual of Style is. That said, if we had a well-documented article, at least very solid B-class (and I mean real B class, satisfying all six B-class criteria), and preferably a Good Article awardee, that would probably be a good basis from which to add outlining guidelines to the MoS. I say this as way-long-time MoS regular. PS: Turabian's importance (in academic writing generally, not just outlining) is grossly overstated most of the time.  In my entire over-long academic career, spanning disciplines as diverse as technical writing, computer science, linguistics and archaeology, and a degree anthropology and communication), from the late 1980s until last year, I've never once been told to use Turabian style for anything. — SMcCandlish   Talk⇒ ʕ(Õلō)ˀ  Contribs. 06:40, 21 October 2011 (UTC)

It also needs:
 * Information from non-US style guides (Oxford?)
 * Information from more style guides, generally. I know (just from being around for 4+ decades, reading a lot and spending more than half my life in academic, legal, technical and other "not flipping burgers" circles) that Chicago style on this is actually rare, and considered weird and wildly inconsistent.  It was borrowed from the US Congress.  I've made it secondary in the text.  That said, I'd like to see more sources cited (I provided two, where there were zero) on the far more common style: I., A., 1., a., i. ... and whether there are actually any sources at all anywhere on whether the next round should be with double or single parentheses: (A), (1), etc. vs. A), 1), etc.  AND, there is no source cited (I've flagged this issue with  on the notion of repeating the entire sequence, including the upper-case Roman numerals, rather than having nesting begin with "A".
 * Information on what outliner software, and outlining features in major word processors, do by default. I don't use MS Word, so I can't help here. I can confirm (from a test a minute ago) that OpenOffice/StarOffice doesn't impose any hierarchical order at all. It defaults to "1." formatting, regardless of level.  So, it isn't any help on trying to get a picture of what the most common order is. — SMcCandlish   Talk⇒ ʕ(Õلō)ˀ  Contribs. 06:40, 21 October 2011 (UTC)

Outline Styles and Style Names
Would it be helpful to list by name a few common outline styles a provide names where names exist?

Is "Harvard Outline" a common name for a style of outline? In Mac OS Pages software there is a style of Bullets & Lists called "Harvard". To me this is the standard outline format I used in American grade school.

Possible other style?

Forgive my ignorance on the issue - I really don't have much specific knowledge when it comes to outlining, though there was a style I picked up somewhere along the way. I have no idea if it's any organization or consortium's "official" style or if it's just something offbeat that I picked up from a professor in college.

Barring parentheses, italics, and similar alterations, I.A.1.a.i. seems fairly accepted, and it's the 6th level where everything starts getting muddy. As I said, somewhere in college, I picked up on the practice of using lowercase Greek letters. So it'd look something like this:

I. Major Heading
 * A. Minor Heading
 * 1. Sub-Heading
 * a. Sub-Sub-Heading
 * i. Sub-Sub-Sub-Heading
 * α. Sub(x4)-Heading
 * β. Sub(x4)-Heading 2
 * γ. Sub(x4)-Heading 3
 * δ. Sub(x4)-Heading 4

And so on.

I've never been able to find any reference to this style, but then again I probably don't know the best places to look when it comes to digging into technicalities like these. From a logical perspective I kind of like it, but I could see how impractical it could be due to these characters being less accessible than others as well as writers' unfamiliarity with the Greek alphabet. Any merit it to I.A.1.a.i.α. ? Or is it totally made up?

Patrick of J (talk) 05:18, 27 November 2014 (UTC)

 * People have done all sorts of odd things with outlines, not all of them good ideas. That being said, I have seen Greek letters used, although rarely.  But just because you can, doesn't mean you should (heck, I once saw someone use Cyrillic letters for an outline level once, and that doesn't even have the advantage of a mostly distinct set of glyphs!).  As with any writing, the primary goal is communicating to your reader, and Greek letters, as you point out, present several problems for a general audience.  On the flip side, getting much past five levels is probably something of an issue in most cases as well, although it clearly is legitimate at times.  Personally I find purely decimal outlines easier to use and read (and that neatly sidesteps the 6th level issue as well).

 * Still, if you're suggesting we document the above scheme in the article, I'd say no, it simply is far too rare to mention. Perhaps a mention that many ad-hoc styles is exists is justifiable, but while they exist, they *are* pretty rare since the standard forms are so widely used.  Rwessel (talk) 06:19, 27 November 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Outline (list)


text:
MBB Bo 105

The Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Bo 105 is a light, twin-engine, multi-purpose helicopter developed by Bölkow of Ottobrunn, West Germany. It was the first light twin-engine helicopter in the world, and the first rotorcraft that could perform aerobatic maneuvers such as inverted loops. The Bo 105 features a hingeless rotor system, a pioneering innovation in helicopters when it was introduced into service in 1970. Production of the Bo 105 began at the then-recently merged Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB, which is now Airbus).

The main production facilities for producing the Bo 105 were located in Germany and Canada; due to the level of export sales encountered, additional manufacturing lines were set up in Spain, Indonesia, and the Philippines. MBB became a part of Eurocopter in 1991, who continued production of the type until 2001. The Bo 105 was formally replaced in Eurocopter's product range by the newer Eurocopter EC135. By the close of production over 1400 had been produced in Germany, and with license production 1640 had been produced in total.

Development
In 1964, development work began at Bölkow upon the helicopter that would become the Bo 105, although work on the hingeless rotor it would use had begun earlier. On 16 February 1967, the second Bo 105A prototype conducted its maiden flight at Ottobrunn in Germany; the first public demonstration was held in May 1967. The test program was broken down into stages as the Bo 105 comprised a new airframe, new rotor system, and a new engine; thus the flying Bo 105 prototype was initially equipped with a main rotor from Westland Helicopter's Scout rotorcraft and a pair of Allison Model 250 turboshaft engines instead of their production counterparts. Sud Aviation worked with Bölkow on developing the rotorcraft; an Alouette II helicopter was modified with the Bo 105's rotor and used to test its performance envelope. The third Bo 105 prototype was equipped with the initial production standard MAN Turbo 6022 turboshaft engines; six pre-production Bo 105s were constructed for testing.

On 13 October 1970, the German Civil Aviation Authority certified the Bo 105; initial deliveries for the first customers, ADAC Air Rescue and the Bavarian State Police, took place shortly thereafter. In 1972, further type certification was granted by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), enabling export orders from the United States and Britain respectively, which soon followed. In 1972, an improved version of the rotorcraft with more powerful engines, the Bo 105C, was developed; this model quickly superseded the Bo 105A. On 25 September 1973, the prototype Bo 106 performed its first flight; the Bo 106 shared many similarities to the Bo 105, the principal difference being a widened cabin area, capable of seating three abreast in the front row and four abreast in the rear of the cabin. However, nothing further came of the Bo 106 project.

In 1976, the Bo 105CB, equipped with more powerful Allison 250-C20B engines, was introduced. The Bo 105C was further developed to become the Bo 105CBS, the primary change being a fuselage stretch of 10 inches to meet American demand for emergency medical service (EMS) operations; this version was often referred to as the Bo 105 Twin Jet in the United States. US aerospace firm Boeing-Vertol served as a partner in the type's production and further development, and marketed the BO 105 in the US. The Bo 105 CB and the Bo 105 CBS variants were also subject to license manufacturing agreements, leading to them being produced by the Philippine Aerospace Development Corporation in the Philippines, Indonesian Aerospace (IPTN) in Indonesia, and Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA) in Spain in addition to the main production line in Germany.

In 1984, the Bo 105LS was developed with the enlarged fuselage of the Bo 105CBS combined with more powerful Allison 250-C28C engines to increase the maximum take-off weight as well as hot-and-high flight performance; the Bo 105 LS was manufactured under a cooperative arrangement with Eurocopter Canada. Improvements and modifications to the Bo 105 LS continued until 1995.

Production of the Bo 105 by Eurocopter formally ended in 2001, principally due to the type having been superseded by the more modern Eurocopter EC135, itself a direct development from the Bo 105. By the end of production, 1,406 rotorcraft had been manufactured and delivered to operators in 55 nations worldwide. Including the license production in Canada, Indonesia, Philippines and Spain the total is about 1640; of that 1404 were made in Germany.

Design
The Bo 105 has a reputation for having high levels of maneuverability; certain variants have been designed for aerobatic maneuvers and used for promotional purposes by operators, one such operator in this capacity being professional pilot Aaron Fitzgerald, flying for Red Bull. During the 1970s, the Bo 105 was known for having a great useful load capacity and higher cruise speed than the majority of its competitors. While not being considered a visually attractive helicopter by some pilots, the Bo 105 was known for possessing steady, responsive controls and a good flight attitude. Most models could perform steep dives, rolls, loops, turnovers, and various aerobatic maneuvers; according to MBB the Bo 105 is cleared for up to 3.5 positive G force and one negative. One benefit of the Bo 105's handling and control style is superior takeoff performance, including significant resistance to catastrophic dynamic rollover; a combination of light weight and the twin-engined configuration enables a rapid ascent in a performance takeoff.

Perhaps the most significant feature of the Bo 105 is its rotor blades and rotor head. The rotor system is entirely hingeless, the rotor head consisting of a solid titanium block to which the four blades are bolted; the flexibility of the rotor blades works to absorb movements typically requiring hinges in most helicopter rotor designs. The rotor blades are made from reinforced-plastic glass-fiber composite material; the flexibility of the main rotor allows for active elements other than rotor pitch changes to be removed, greatly simplifying maintenance and extending blade lifespan. The reliability of the advanced rotor system is such that, in over six million operating hours across the fleet, there was a total of zero failures (as of 1991). The rigid rotor design adopted on the Bo 105 has been partially responsible for the type's agility and responsiveness; it remained an uncommon feature on competing helicopters throughout the Bo 105's production life.

Military operators would commonly operate the type at a very low altitude to minimise visibility to enemies, the Bo 105 being well matched to such operations, as the helicopter's flight qualities effectively removed or greatly minimised several of the hazards such a flight profile could pose to pilots. When outfitted with optional auxiliary fuel tanks, a basic model Bo 105 had a flight endurance of roughly five hours under load. In the event of a single engine failure, the Bo 105 could typically continue its flight, albeit with a reduction in cruise speed and range. Besides the two pilots, the cabin can be configured to accommodate up to three passengers on a single rear bench, which can be removed to make room for cargo or a stretcher, which can be loaded and unloaded via the large clamshell doors located at the rear of the fuselage. In a maritime context, the BO 105 can be equipped with auxiliary fuel tanks, emergency flotation equipment, an inflatable life raft, folding rotor blades and high skid landing gear.

Operational history

In 1975, the German Army decided to procure a specialist anti-tank version armed with up to six Euromissile HOT missiles, designated as the Bo 105 PAH-1 (Panzerabwehrhubschrauber: antiarmor helicopter). A total of 212 Bo 105 PAH-1s were delivered between 1979 and 1984. German Army leaders saw the PAH-1 as a temporary measure only, having originally sought a more capable anti-tank helicopter; they were particularly dissatisfied with the PAH-1's inability to perform nighttime combat missions and its self-protection capabilities; ultimately, the Eurocopter Tiger was developed as a replacement. In 1977, the German Ministry of Defence selected the Bo 105C for its light observation helicopter (VBH) program, leading to the procurement of another 100 rotorcraft. The helicopter was retired from German Army service on 13 December 2016, the occasion was marked by an 18-aircraft formation flyby from their base in Celle. The Bohicans, as their pilots were called, had clocked over 1.38 million flying hours.

During the 1970s, MBB issued a license to produce the Bo 105 to Indonesian Aerospace (IPTN) as part of a wider agreement to help develop Indonesia's aviation industry. Within ten years, manufacture of the Bo 105 had been entirely localised within IPTN's own facilities. The Bo 105 has been used by various branches of the Indonesian National Armed Forces; military-operated Bo 105s have been reportedly used during the 1999 East Timorese crisis and the Papua conflict. Indonesian Bo 105s have also participated in several large-scale joint exercises.

The Mexican Navy operated a number of armed Bo 105s to perform maritime reconnaissance duties; during the early 1980s, Mexico procured a number of a Uribe-class patrol vessels which were equipped to handle the Bo 105 for off-shore operations. In 2005, work was completed on a series of upgrades to 11 of the Mexican Navy's Bo 105s, having received Forward looking infrared (FLIR) sensors, Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, search radars, new rotor blades, armament pylons, and other changes. In November 2014, Jet Rescue Air Ambulance inaugurated Mexico's first dedicated civil air ambulance rotorcraft using a Bo 105.

During the late 1990s, the Republic of Korea Army aviation procured a number of Bo 105s as part of an ongoing drive to improve the force's reconnaissance and surveillance capabilities; these were manufactured under a co-production arrangement between Eurocopter and the newly formed Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI), receiving the designation Korean Light Helicopter (KLH), KAI also promoted the type to export customers.

The Bo 105 gained widespread use by emergency medical service (EMS) / medevac operators; in 1998, Flying Magazine reported that between the Bo 105 and the MBB/Kawasaki BK 117 (a newer rotorcraft derived from the Bo 105), MBB held 35% of the EMS market share. The first EMS-orientated Bo 105 in Scotland entered service in 1989; in November 2015, the last Bo 105 air ambulance operated in Britain was retired, the type having typically been replaced by the newer Eurocopter EC135. In 2009, the last Bo 105 to be produced was purchased by Canadian EMS specialist Dam Helicopters.

In May 2014, Airbus Helicopter reported that, worldwide, the Bo 105 had accumulated 8 million flight hours, and that approximately 700 Bo 105s remained in service.

Variants

The variants used by the German Army are the Bo 105P and Bo 105M.
 * Bo 105A:First production model primarily for civil use and equipped with two Allison 250-C18 turbine engines.
 * Bo 105ATH:HOT-armed anti-tank version for the Spanish Army. Local designation HA.15.
 * Bo 105C:Initial version. Developed in 1972 and equipped with two Allison 250-C20 turbines engines.
 * Bo 105CB: Main production version from 1975, powered by two 313 kW Allison 250-C20B engines.
 * Bo 105CBS:Utility transport version, with the fuselage stretched by 25 cm and an extra window.
 * EC-Super Five:High performance version of the Bo 105CBS.
 * Bo 105CBS-5:Also known as Superfive, with increased lifting capabilities similar to the LS A3 Superlifter
 * Bo 105D:UK certified offshore version.
 * Bo 105GSH:Armed scout version for the Spanish Army. Local designation HR.15.
 * Bo 105HGH:A high speed research variant with aerodynamic refinements, such as a rotor head fairing, rear fuselage fairing, small individual skids and 6 m long fixed auxiliary wings.
 * Bo 105 KLH:license-produced combat version of CBS-5 custom-fitted with Korean mission equipment package including communication, navigation, electronic warfare and target acquisition system, to meet Republic of Korea Army's operational requirements. KLH also has greatly improved rotor blade and transmission system. 12 are in service.
 * Bo 105LOH:Observation version for the Spanish Army. Local designation HR.15.
 * Bo 105LS A1:Developed in 1984 with stretched fuselage and two Allison 250-C28C turbine engines.
 * Bo 105LS A3:Developed in 1986 with maximum take-off weight increased to 2,600 kg.
 * Bo 105LS A3 "Superlifter":Developed in 1995 with maximum mission weight increased to 2,850 kg.
 * Bo 105M: Light transport and surveillance helicopter for West German Army. German Army designation VBH (Verbindungshubschrauber; 'liaison helicopter'). They were phased out and replaced by disarmed and modified PAH1.
 * Bo 105MSS:Maritime version, fitted a search radar.
 * Bo 105P/BSH: Proposed modification of PAH-1s into escort version for the German Army, armed with Stinger air-to-air missiles. Cancelled 1993.
 * Bo 105P/PAH-1: Anti-tank helicopter armed with wire-guided HOT ATGMs for West German Army. German Army designation "PAH-1" (PAH=Panzerabwehrhubschrauber; 'Anti-tank helicopter'). Following the arrival of the Eurocopter Tiger attack helicopter, some were retired while others disarmed and downgraded to the VBH version for continued service.
 * Bo 105P/PAH-1A1:Upgrade of PAH-1 anti-tank version for the German Army.
 * Bo 105P/PAH-1 Phase 2: Planned further upgraded version of PAH-1 with infra-red roof mounted sight for HOT-2 missiles giving a night attack capability. Programme cancelled 1993.
 * Bo 105S:Search and rescue version.
 * Bo 105/Ophelia:Test and trials aircraft fitted with a mast-mounted sight.
 * NBO-105:Were Manufactured by IPTN under license from MBB (now Airbus Helicopters) 1976–2011; only rotors and transmission now supplied by Germany; originally NBO-105 CB, but stretched NBO-105 CBS available from 101st aircraft onwards. 122 were produced, Dirgantara Indonesia stopped production in 2008.
 * NBO-105S:Stretched version.
 * Bo 105 Executaire: Boeing Vertol and Carson Helicopters manufactured a 24.5 cm stretched version of the Bo 105 under license as the Executaire in an attempt to break into the U.S. light helicopter market, but sales were dismal.
 * Bo 105E-4:12 German Army Bo 105P upgraded and overhauled for a 10 million euro contract and donated to Albania first batch delivered in 2006, the helicopters have better performance and avionics. The conversion of other Bo 105 helicopters from the German Armed Forces is also under consideration with a view to future sales.
 * Bo 106:Widened cabin to seat 7 instead of 5. First flight was on 26 September 1973. A single helicopter of that variant has been made (registration D-HDCI, serial no. 84). The Bo 106 was also equipped with more powerful Allison 250 C 20B engines. In 1981, the German air rescue organization Deutsche Rettungsflugwacht/DRF Luftrettung bought that prototype and had it rebuilt into a 105 CB-2 with a standard cabin. It flew for DRF until November 1993 under the registration D-HCCC, but in 1994 it was put aside to gain spare parts for another DRF helicopter (Bo 105 CBS-S, registration D-HNNN, serial number 662).
 * PADC Hummingbird: An unlicensed development of the Bo 105C with revised cockpit structure.

Military

 * Albanian Air Force
 * Royal Bahraini Air Force
 * Royal Bahrain Naval Force
 * International Test Pilots School
 * Chilean Navy
 * Colombian Navy
 * Honduran Air Force
 * Indonesian Army
 * Indonesian Navy
 * Mexican Navy
 * Colombian Navy
 * Honduran Air Force
 * Indonesian Army
 * Indonesian Navy
 * Mexican Navy
 * Indonesian Navy
 * Mexican Navy
 * Mexican Navy
 * Peruvian Air Force
 * Philippine Army
 * Republic of Korea Army
 * Sudanese Air Force
 * Spanish Army
 * Armed Forces of Ukraine — 1 example
 * Sudanese Air Force
 * Spanish Army
 * Armed Forces of Ukraine — 1 example
 * Spanish Army
 * Armed Forces of Ukraine — 1 example
 * Armed Forces of Ukraine — 1 example

Government

 * Buenos Aires Province Police
 * Santa Fe Province Police
 * Policía Federal Argentina
 * Módena Helicópteros lease to paramedic services.
 * Carabineros de Chile
 * Carabineros de Chile
 * Carabineros de Chile
 * German State Police
 * Indonesian National Police
 * National Search and Rescue Agency
 * National Disaster Management Authority
 * Philippine Coast Guard
 * Ministry of Emergency Situations
 * South African Police Service
 * Customs Service
 * National Police
 * Civil Guard
 * South African Police Service
 * Customs Service
 * National Police
 * Civil Guard
 * National Police
 * Civil Guard

Former

 * Royal Brunei Air Force – operated by No. 12 Squadron (originally known as 2 Squadron), retired February 2022
 * Royal Brunei Air Force – operated by No. 12 Squadron (originally known as 2 Squadron), retired February 2022
 * Canadian Coast Guard - all retired in 2016 after Bell 429 delivered
 * Chilean Air Force
 * Ciskei
 * Ciskei Defence Force
 * FinnHEMS
 * German Army
 * FinnHEMS
 * German Army
 * German Army
 * German Army
 * Iraqi Air Force
 * Royal Netherlands Air Force
 * Dutch Aviation Police
 * Nigerian Air Force
 * 🇵🇭 Philippines
 * Philippine Air Force
 * Philippine Navy
 * Philippine Constabulary
 * Philippine National Police
 * Sierra Leone Air Arm
 * Sudanese Police Force
 * Swedish Air Force Hkp9B four Bo 105CB4 used for light air rescue, equipped with winch
 * Sierra Leone Air Arm
 * Sudanese Police Force
 * Swedish Air Force Hkp9B four Bo 105CB4 used for light air rescue, equipped with winch
 * Sudanese Police Force
 * Swedish Air Force Hkp9B four Bo 105CB4 used for light air rescue, equipped with winch
 * Swedish Air Force Hkp9B four Bo 105CB4 used for light air rescue, equipped with winch
 * Swedish Army
 * Arméflyget, Hkp 9A, 21 Bo 105CB3 aircraft used as anti-tank missile carriers equipped with four SAAB HeliTOW between 1987 and 1998, with one company stationed in AF 1, Boden, and the other company in Af 2, Linköping. In 1998, they were transferred to:
 * Försvarsmaktens helikopterflottilj: where all helicopters in the Swedish armed forces fell under common command; here the Hkp 9A were disarmed and used for light transports and schooling until 2009.
 * Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force
 * United Arab Emirates Air Force
 * New York Police Department
 * Petroleum Helicopters Inc.
 * Uruguayan Navy
 * New York Police Department
 * Petroleum Helicopters Inc.
 * Uruguayan Navy
 * Uruguayan Navy

Accidents and incidents

 * 27 June 2017 - A hijacked Bo 105 of the Venezuelan criminal investigation agency (CICPC) was used to attack the Supreme Tribunal of Justice and the Interior Ministry in Caracas, Venezuela.

Germany

 * Since 2011 a Bo 105 in yellow rescue livery is part of an art installation by Alfred Gockel at the Kamener Kreuz (Autobhan intersection of A1 and A2 in Germany).
 * The fourth prototype of the Bo 105, which first flew in 1969, on display at Deutsches Museum.

Indonesia

 * Bo 105 registration P-4004 of the Indonesian National Police is on display in Police Staff and Leaders School in Lembang, West Java.

Philippine Navy

 * Bo 105C serial 402, Philippine Navy is on display at Air Power Park, Philippine Military Academy, Baguio City, Philippines.
 * Bo 105C serial 142, Philippine Navy is on display at Naval Station Jose Andrada, City of Manila, Philippines.
 * Bo 105C serial 422, Philippine Navy is on display at Philippine Navy Museum, Fort San Felipe, Cavite City, Philippines.

Philippine National Police

 * Bo 105CBS serial 972, Integrated National Police is on static display at the Philippine National Police Museum, Camp General Rafael T. Crame in Quezon City, Philippines.

title: MBB Bo 105


text:
Talk:Jesuit pre-modern China missions

Not to be a jerk, but wouldn't this be better off in Catholicism in China? It seems like a fairly narrow topic. DDerby 23:06, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * There are literally hundreds of books in various languages written about the Jesuits in China from 1590-1900. When complete, this page could be many dozens of kilobytes long, if given the chance. Dpr 03:59, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jesuit pre-modern China missions


text:
Verbiest

Verbiest or Verbist is a Flemish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Ferdinand Verbiest, Flemish Jesuit missionary in China
 * Theophiel Verbist, Belgian priest who founded in 1862 the Congregation of Scheutveld
 * Laurent Verbiest, Belgian soccer player

title: Verbiest


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Piss tube

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge and redirect. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 15:19, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Piss tube
Not sure quite what to call this... non-notable, non-encyclopedic, slang? Either way, I don't think it belongs. Feco 23:02, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete —Wahoofive | Talk 23:35, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * WTF? Delete Chris 23:53, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, please try and find a real reason for deletion. Kappa 23:57, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I dispute the veracity of any article whose only external reference is at Faux News. Chris 15:46, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Perhaps consider a merge/redirect to urinal if someone really thinks it warrants hanging on to, but it seems unencyclopedic trivia at best. Arkyan 00:07, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a desert storm glossary. --Asriel86 00:24, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Also Wikipedia is not going to cover sanitation during wartime, it seems. Kappa 00:31, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense. This is just too funny to delete, what with the reference it provides and all.  --NoPetrol 01:16, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Please KEEP. It is a real object, and certainly it has as much notability as those Pokemon articles you guys are keeping. ugen 64 03:04, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * merge to urinal, condensed into a single paragraph. This device is at least as notable as some of the ones listed in that article. BigFatDave 04:00, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for doing that BFD. Kappa 05:08, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * No problem, I held off on redirecting until the votes are in, but I believe all relevant info was transferred. Also, urinal continues to be updated, so I'd say the transplant was a success. BigFatDave 23:39, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Urinal and merge content. Firebug 05:50, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, trivial, unencyclopaedic. Megan1967 06:02, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Ick. Ok, merge/redirect per Firebug, on general principle. Radiant_* 09:11, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep since it is real (above). Pavel Vozenilek 00:38, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 'Delete Only in the USA... Denni ☯ 22:34, 2005 Apr 14 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect into urinal. -- The Anome 23:41, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Teshikaga, Hokkaido

Teshikaga (弟子屈町) is a town located in Kushiro Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. As of October 2020, the town has an estimated population of 6,955 and a density of 9.0 persons per km2. The total area is 774.53 km2.

Tourist attractions in the town include Lake Mashū (Ainu: Kamuy-to), Lake Kussharo (Ainu: Kutcar or Kutcaro) and Kawayu Onsen.

History

 * 1923: Teshikaga Village is formed.
 * 1947: Teshikaga Village becomes Techikaga Town.

Notable people from Teshikaga

 * Taiho Koki - sumo wrestler (born on Sakhalin but moved to Teshikaga aged 5)
 * Kotogatake Koichi - sumo wrestler

title: Teshikaga, Hokkaido


text:
Brazil at the 1984 Summer Olympics

Brazil competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States. 147 competitors, 126 men and 21 women, took part in 82 events in 17 sports. The country set a record with 8 medals – only surpassed in 1996 with 15, but only one medal was gold.

The runner Joaquim Cruz won the men's 800 metres event with an Olympic record. This was the first and until nowadays the only gold medal achieved by Brazilians in a track event in Athletics – all the other gold medals were in field events.

Brazilian football and volleyball men's teams started their success in Olympic history winning for the first time an Olympic medal. Both teams were silver medalists. The Olympic football team lost the final to France by 2 – 0. Brazil men's national volleyball team was defeated by host country United States by 3 sets to 0.

The swimmer Ricardo Prado was the silver medalist in the men's 400 metre individual medley. The sailor Torben Grael won the silver medal in the Soling class together with Daniel Adler and Ronaldo Senfft. It was the first Olympic medal won by Grael, who has five Olympic medals, a record only equaled by sailor Robert Scheidt

Brazilian judokas won three Olympic medals in 1984. Douglas Vieira was a silver medalist in men's 95 kg category. Luis Onmura was a bronze medalist in men's 71 kg and Walter Carmona conquered bronze medal in men's 86 kg.

Medalists

 * width=78% align=left valign=top |

 * style="text-align:left; width:22%; vertical-align:top;"|

Archery
In its second Olympic archery competition, Brazil sent only one man. Veteran Renato Emilio fell drastically in the ranking despite having improved upon his score from 1980 by 99 points.
 * Men

Athletics

 * Men
 * Track & road events

 * Field events

 * Women
 * Track & road events
 * Field events
 * Combined events – Heptathlon

Group A

 * Team Roster
 * Nilo Guimarães
 * Silvio Malvezi
 * Gerson Victalino
 * Milton Setrini Júnior
 * Ricardo Guimarães
 * Marcos Leite
 * Eduardo Galvão
 * Marcel Souza
 * Adilson Nascimento
 * Marcelo Vido
 * Oscar Schmidt
 * Israel Machado

Cycling
Seven cyclists represented Brazil in 1984.

Track

 * 1000m time trial
 * Men's Sprint
 * Points race
 * Pursuit

Diving

 * Women

Football
Brazil won the silver medal for men's football, their first ever. Even though Brazil has won more Soccer World Cups than any other country, they have never won a football gold medal at any olympics. The Brazilian team was entirely made by players of Sport Club Internacional, of Porto Alegre. Amongst them, was 1994 World Cup captain, Dunga.

Artistic

 * Men
 * Women

Judo
A traditional sport in Brazil, Judo has warranted three medals, for Brazilian men. Two bronze medals, and a silver medal.
 * Men

Rowing

 * Men

Sailing

 * Open

Shooting

 * Men
 * Women
 * Open

Swimming

 * Men

Synchronized swimming

 * Women

Gold medal match
Team Roster Head coach: Bebeto de Freitas
 * Renan dal Zotto
 * William Carvalho da Silva
 * Fernando d'Àvila
 * Mário Xandó de Oliveira Neto
 * Bernardo Rocha de Rezende
 * Rui Campos do Nascimento
 * Marcus Vinicius Simòes Freire
 * Domingos Lampariello Neto
 * José Montanaro
 * Bernard Rajzman
 * Antônio Carlos Gueiros Ribeiro

7th place natch
Team Roster Head coach: Ênio Figueiredo
 * Vera Mossa
 * Fernanda Emerick Silva
 * Mônica da Silva
 * Isabel Salgado
 * Heloísa Roese
 * Regina Vilela Santos-Uchoa
 * Jackie Silva
 * Ana Richa
 * Sandra Suruagy
 * Eliana da Costa
 * Luiza Machado
 * Ida Alvares

Group B

 * August 1
 * August 2
 * August 3

Group E

 * August 6
 * August 7
 * August 9
 * August 10
 * Team Roster
 * Roberto Borelli
 * Orlando Chaves
 * Paulo Sérgio Abreu
 * Carlos Carvalho
 * Silvio Manfredi
 * Sólon Santos
 * Ricardo Tonieto
 * Eric Tebbe Borges
 * Mário Souto
 * Mário Sérgio Lotufo
 * Fernando Carsalade
 * Hélio Silva
 * André Campos

title: Brazil at the 1984 Summer Olympics