text:
Talk:Disgust

"Researchers attempted to explain this finding in evolutionary terms." What are some of these attempts? - Eagle 20:01, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

Can we please put Julian's picture back? I was playing scrabble and you can't imagine how much I laughed when I looked up this word and saw my friend from college in the picture section for the wiki for this word. ~ Baris —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.202.131.181 (talk) 05:01, 12 June 2009 (UTC)

remove image?
Should we remove or hide the rat liver?

I don't see any good reason to keep it. --Casey J. Morris 22:41, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC) Huh? did you find it disgusting, perhaps? =)--66.27.52.158 00:07, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Why would anyone request that a photograph be included in the article to improve the quality? I don't see how adding a disgusting photograph can improve the quality. --Hcblue 16:53, 3 July 2006 (UTC)

It would show the user what disgust feels like. -- Jeffo bazoni

Puking initiation
I think there should be something on initiating a vomit response. Now thats disgusting (to me) 8-)

Study of Disgust
I read an article in TIME magazine about disgust and marketing. I'm not sure how it could be added into this article, but I really think it should be. Here is the link:Why We Get Disgusted --Jeffo bazoni 4:47 PM, July 10, 2007

Disgust-related fear
According to the article, disgust makes your heart rate go down, and fear makes it go up. But sometimes I experience fear when confronted with something like a disfigured or sick person. My heart races, testicles rise up into my body, and my stomach feels like someone is wringing it like a washcloth. Those are all fear reactions, and I can't be the only one who feels revulsion and terror at the same time. 129.42.208.174 (talk) 22:17, 3 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I will review the article again. The only mentioning of physiological response that I noticed was that "disgust is associated with either minimal or a predominantly parasympathetic response, whereas fear and anger are associated with a predominantly sympathetic response" (639), which the authors cite Levenson, R.W., Ekman, P., & Friesen, W.V. (1990). Voluntary facial action generates emotion-specific autonomic nervous system activity. Psychophysiology, 27: 363-384 and Levenson, R.W. (1992). Automomic nervous system differences among emotions. Psychological Science, 3:23-27. If I get some free time I will pull those articles and check them out.--droptone (talk) 19:46, 5 March 2009 (UTC)

the picture at the top of the page says that it shows a facial expression of disgust, but this is not an expression of disgust. If anything it's an emblematic expression communicating indifference. A facial expression of disgust is characterized by a raised upper lip, a raised or lowered lower lip, a wrinkled nose, lower eyelids pushed up, and lowered eyebrows. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Morganhalla (talk • contribs) 05:03, 19 October 2010 (UTC)

redirect
the redirect is so stupid, if i wanted to read an encyclopedic article on the nature of disgust then why on earth would i type in 'yuck' or 'eew'? would it not be more likely that i was searching for the band yuck? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.27.119.182 (talk) 00:38, 10 June 2011 (UTC)
 * More people than not have not heard of the band Yuck (myself included, until now) so I think disgust makes more sense. Perhaps a disambig page is in order N o f o rmation  Talk  00:41, 10 June 2011 (UTC)

Merger proposal
The article Cognitive neuroscience and disgust describes some aspects of disgust. But there is no need to have two separate articles since both articles are rather short. Miradre (talk) 12:13, 20 August 2011 (UTC)

Consolidation Objections
The consolidation of the article on Disgust into Cognitive neuroscience would raise several objections. In the first place, it would tend to emphasize one aspect of the problem (Cognitive neuroscience) at the expense of others such as the moral, aesthetic and narrative. In this sense it will run counter to most Wikipedia articles which are normally inclusive and, at their best, wide-ranging. In the second place, the proposed merger would diminish, if not erase, the attention given to moral disgust and contempt. Such a merger would also threaten the attention now given to the aesthetic aspects of disgust including both the representation of disgust in literature, film and art as well the theatrical use of disgust motifs such as the distinctive face and sounds in in order to reinforce the expression of contempt in personal judgments of others and their actions. A better suggestion would be to create a Wikipedia article on Aversion, leaving in place the existing article on disgust, open to further expansion and clarification. (Oddly, the encyclopedia already contains an article on Aversion Therapy.) Anon-Asset (talk) 14:20, 17 October 2011 (UTC)

 * If we agree to merge, then surely the material on cognitive neuroscience and disgust would be incorporated into this article, not the other way round. Personally I think this would be a good idea. AxelBoldt (talk) 02:38, 24 January 2012 (UTC)

Merger of Cognitive neuroscience and disgust
Bleuleuleu (talk) 03:01, 5 April 2012 (UTC)

Disgust vs Nausea
While the section on animal research claims to cite studies on disgust, it appears to be describing studies on nausea. Could this section be clarified to either explain why these studies truly were about disgust, or else to cite other studies which are about it? There is nothing in this article which suggests that disgust is an emotion experienced by animals, as a form of aversion separate from nausea, fear, or conditioned avoidance of discomfort. Since this article is the first hit for "can animals experience disgust", that's a sad thing. DewiMorgan (talk) 01:03, 23 November 2014 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Disgust


text:
Richard fitz Gilbert

Richard fitz Gilbert (before 1035–c. 1090), 1st feudal baron of Clare in Suffolk, was a Norman lord who participated in the Norman conquest of England in 1066, and was styled "de Bienfaite", "de Clare", and of "Tonbridge" from his holdings.

Biography
Richard was the son of Gilbert, Count of Brionne in Normandy (Fitz was a variant spelling of the Norman filz, French fils, signifying "son of"). Gilbert was a guardian of the young duke William and when Gilbert was killed by Ralph de Wacy in 1040, his two older sons Richard and Gilbert fled to Flanders. On his later return to Normandy Richard was rewarded with the lordship of Bienfaite and Orbec in Normandy. In 1066, Richard came into England with his kinsman William the Conqueror, and received from him great advancement in honour and possessions.

The Dictionary of National Biography and other sources are vague and sometimes contradictory about when the name de Clare came into common usage, but what we do know is that Richard fitz Gilbert (of Tonbridge), the earliest identifiable progenitor of the family, is once referred to as Richard of Clare in the Suffolk return of the Domesday Book.

Rewards
He was rewarded with 176 manors in England, including the right to build castles at Clare in Suffolk, caput of his feudal barony, and at Tonbridge in Kent. Some contemporaneous and later sources called him Earl of Clare, though many modern sources view the title as a "styled title".

He served as Joint Chief Justiciar in William's absence, and played a major part in suppressing the revolt of 1075.

Rebel baron
On the Conqueror's death, Richard and other great Norman barons, including Odo of Bayeux, Robert, Count of Mortain, and Geoffrey of Coutances, led a rebellion against the rule of William Rufus in order to place Robert Curthose on the throne. However, most Normans in England remained loyal. William Rufus and his army successfully attacked the rebel strongholds at Tonbridge, Pevensey and Rochester.

Death and succession
He retired to a monastery in 1088, passing his possessions in England to his son Gilbert fitz Richard and his land in Normandy to his son Roger Fitz Richard. He was buried in St. Neot's Priory in 1091. His widow was still living in 1113.

Marriage
Richard married Rohese Giffard, daughter of Walter Giffard, Lord of Longueville and Agnes Flaitel, and they had at least the following children:
 * Roger fitz Richard de Clare, received Norman lands and d. 1131. Wife unknown, daughter Joanna married Gilbert de Neville.
 * Gilbert fitz Richard, d. 1115, succeeded his father as Earl of Clare.
 * Walter de Clare, Lord of Nether Gwent, d. 1138.
 * Richard fitz Richard de Clare, Abbot of Ely.
 * Robert fitz Richard, Lord of Little Dunmow, Baron of Baynard, d. 1136.
 * Godfrey
 * Alice (or Adeliza) de Clare, d. 1138. m. Walter Tirel.
 * Rohese de Clare, d. 1121, m. (ca. 1088), Eudo Dapifer.
 * Isabel de Clare, d. 1088, m. Humphrey d'Isle.
 * Avice de Clare, m. Robert de Stafford / Tosny.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Richard fitz Gilbert


text:
Sublinear function

In linear algebra, a sublinear function (or functional as is more often used in functional analysis), also called a quasi-seminorm or a Banach functional, on a vector space $$X$$ is a real-valued function with only some of the properties of a seminorm. Unlike seminorms, a sublinear function does not have to be nonnegative-valued and also does not have to be absolutely homogeneous. Seminorms are themselves abstractions of the more well known notion of norms, where a seminorm has all the defining properties of a norm that it is not required to map non-zero vectors to non-zero values.

In functional analysis the name Banach functional is sometimes used, reflecting that they are most commonly used when applying a general formulation of the Hahn–Banach theorem. The notion of a sublinear function was introduced by Stefan Banach when he proved his version of the Hahn-Banach theorem.

There is also a different notion in computer science, described below, that also goes by the name "sublinear function."

Definitions
Let $$X$$ be a vector space over a field $$\mathbb{K},$$ where $$\mathbb{K}$$ is either the real numbers $$\Reals$$ or complex numbers $$\C.$$ A real-valued function $$p : X \to \Reals$$ on $$X$$ is called a ' (or a ' if $$\mathbb{K} = \Reals$$), and also sometimes called a ' or a ', if it has these two properties:  Positive homogeneity/Nonnegative homogeneity: $$p(r x) = r p(x)$$ for all real $$r \geq 0$$ and all $$x \in X.$$ Subadditivity/Triangle inequality: $$p(x + y) \leq p(x) + p(y)$$ for all $$x, y \in X.$$
 * This condition holds if and only if $$p(r x) \leq r p(x)$$ for all positive real $$r > 0$$ and all $$x \in X.$$
 * This subadditivity condition requires $$p$$ to be real-valued.

A function $$p : X \to \Reals$$ is called or  if $$p(x) \geq 0$$ for all $$x \in X,$$ although some authors define  to instead mean that $$p(x) \neq 0$$ whenever $$x \neq 0;$$ these definitions are not equivalent. It is a if $$p(-x) = p(x)$$ for all $$x \in X.$$ Every subadditive symmetric function is necessarily nonnegative. A sublinear function on a real vector space is symmetric if and only if it is a seminorm. A sublinear function on a real or complex vector space is a seminorm if and only if it is a balanced function or equivalently, if and only if $$p(u x) \leq p(x)$$ for every unit length scalar $$u$$ (satisfying $$|u| = 1$$) and every $$x \in X.$$

The set of all sublinear functions on $$X,$$ denoted by $$X^{\#},$$ can be partially ordered by declaring $$p \leq q$$ if and only if $$p(x) \leq q(x)$$ for all $$x \in X.$$ A sublinear function is called  if it is a minimal element of $$X^{\#}$$ under this order. A sublinear function is minimal if and only if it is a real linear functional.

Examples and sufficient conditions
Every norm, seminorm, and real linear functional is a sublinear function. The identity function $$\Reals \to \Reals$$ on $$X := \Reals$$ is an example of a sublinear function (in fact, it is even a linear functional) that is neither positive nor a seminorm; the same is true of this map's negation $$x \mapsto -x.$$ More generally, for any real $$a \leq b,$$ the map $$\begin{alignat}{4} S_{a,b} :\;&& \Reals &&\;\to   \;& \Reals \\[0.3ex] && x &&\;\mapsto\;& \begin{cases} a x & \text{ if } x \leq 0 \\ b x & \text{ if } x \geq 0 \\ \end{cases} \\ \end{alignat}$$ is a sublinear function on $$X := \Reals$$ and moreover, every sublinear function $$p : \Reals \to \Reals$$ is of this form; specifically, if $$a := - p(-1)$$ and $$b := p(1)$$ then $$a \leq b$$ and $$p = S_{a, b}.$$

If $$p$$ and $$q$$ are sublinear functions on a real vector space $$X$$ then so is the map $$x \mapsto \max \{p(x), q(x)\}.$$ More generally, if $$\mathcal{P}$$ is any non-empty collection of sublinear functionals on a real vector space $$X$$ and if for all $$x \in X,$$ $$q(x) := \sup \{p(x) : p \in \mathcal{P}\},$$ then $$q$$ is a sublinear functional on $$X.$$

A function $$p : X \to \Reals$$ which is subadditive, convex, and satisfies $$p(0) \leq 0$$ is also positively homogeneous (the latter condition $$p(0) \leq 0$$ is necessary as the example of $$p(x):=\sqrt{x^2+1}$$ on $$X:=\mathbb R$$ shows). If $$p$$ is positively homogeneous, it is convex if and only if it is subadditive. Therefore, assuming $$p(0) \leq 0$$, any two properties among subadditivity, convexity, and positive homogeneity implies the third.

Properties
Every sublinear function is a convex function: For $$0 \leq t \leq 1,$$ $$\begin{alignat}{3} p(t x + (1 - t) y) &\leq p(t x) + p((1 - t) y) && \quad\text{ subadditivity} \\ &= t p(x) + (1 - t) p(y) && \quad\text{ nonnegative homogeneity} \\ \end{alignat}$$

If $$p : X \to \Reals$$ is a sublinear function on a vector space $$X$$ then $$p(0) ~=~ 0 ~\leq~ p(x) + p(-x),$$ for every $$x \in X,$$ which implies that at least one of $$p(x)$$ and $$p(-x)$$ must be nonnegative; that is, for every $$x \in X,$$ $$0 ~\leq~ \max \{p(x), p(-x)\}.$$ Moreover, when $$p : X \to \Reals$$ is a sublinear function on a real vector space then the map $$q : X \to \Reals$$ defined by $$q(x) ~\stackrel{\scriptscriptstyle\text{def}}{=}~ \max \{p(x), p(-x)\}$$ is a seminorm.

Subadditivity of $$p : X \to \Reals$$ guarantees that for all vectors $$x, y \in X,$$ $$p(x) - p(y) ~\leq~ p(x - y),$$ $$- p(x) ~\leq~ p(-x),$$ so if $$p$$ is also symmetric then the reverse triangle inequality will hold for all vectors $$ x, y \in X,$$ $$|p(x) - p(y)| ~\leq~ p(x - y).$$

Defining $$\ker p ~\stackrel{\scriptscriptstyle\text{def}}{=}~ p^{-1}(0),$$ then subadditivity also guarantees that for all $$x \in X,$$ the value of $$p$$ on the set $$x + (\ker p \cap -\ker p) = \{x + k : p(k) = 0 = p(-k)\}$$ is constant and equal to $$p(x).$$ In particular, if $$\ker p = p^{-1}(0)$$ is a vector subspace of $$X$$ then $$- \ker p = \ker p$$ and the assignment $$x + \ker p \mapsto p(x),$$ which will be denoted by $$\hat{p},$$ is a well-defined real-valued sublinear function on the quotient space $$X \,/\, \ker p$$ that satisfies $$\hat{p} ^{-1}(0) = \ker p.$$ If $$p$$ is a seminorm then $$\hat{p}$$ is just the usual canonical norm on the quotient space $$X \,/\, \ker p.$$

Adding $$b c$$ to both sides of the hypothesis $p(x) + a c \,<\, \inf_{} p(x + a K)$ (where $$p(x + a K) ~\stackrel{\scriptscriptstyle\text{def}}{=}~ \{p(x + a k) : k \in K\}$$) and combining that with the conclusion gives $$p(x) + a c + b c ~<~ \inf_{} p(x + a K) + b c ~\leq~ p(x + a \mathbf{z}) + b c ~<~ \inf_{} p(x + a \mathbf{z} + b K)$$ which yields many more inequalities, including, for instance, $$p(x) + a c + b c ~<~ p(x + a \mathbf{z}) + b c ~<~ p(x + a \mathbf{z} + b \mathbf{z})$$ in which an expression on one side of a strict inequality $$\,<\,$$ can be obtained from the other by replacing the symbol $$c$$ with $$\mathbf{z}$$ (or vice versa) and moving the closing parenthesis to the right (or left) of an adjacent summand (all other symbols remain fixed and unchanged).

Associated seminorm
If $$p : X \to \Reals$$ is a real-valued sublinear function on a real vector space $$X$$ (or if $$X$$ is complex, then when it is considered as a real vector space) then the map $$q(x) ~\stackrel{\scriptscriptstyle\text{def}}{=}~ \max \{p(x), p(-x)\}$$ defines a seminorm on the real vector space $$X$$ called the seminorm associated with $$p.$$ A sublinear function $$p$$ on a real or complex vector space is a symmetric function if and only if $$p = q$$ where $$q(x) ~\stackrel{\scriptscriptstyle\text{def}}{=}~ \max \{p(x), p(-x)\}$$ as before.

More generally, if $$p : X \to \Reals$$ is a real-valued sublinear function on a (real or complex) vector space $$X$$ then $$q(x) ~\stackrel{\scriptscriptstyle\text{def}}{=}~ \sup_{|u|=1} p(u x) ~=~ \sup \{p(u x) : u \text{ is a unit scalar }\}$$ will define a seminorm on $$X$$ if this supremum is always a real number (that is, never equal to $$\infty$$).

Relation to linear functionals
If $$p$$ is a sublinear function on a real vector space $$X$$ then the following are equivalent:  $$p$$ is a linear functional. for every $$x \in X,$$ $$p(x) + p(-x) \leq 0.$$ for every $$x \in X,$$ $$p(x) + p(-x) = 0.$$ $$p$$ is a minimal sublinear function.

If $$p$$ is a sublinear function on a real vector space $$X$$ then there exists a linear functional $$f$$ on $$X$$ such that $$f \leq p.$$

If $$X$$ is a real vector space, $$f$$ is a linear functional on $$X,$$ and $$p$$ is a positive sublinear function on $$X,$$ then $$f \leq p$$ on $$X$$ if and only if $$f^{-1}(1) \cap \{x \in X : p(x) < 1\} = \varnothing.$$

Dominating a linear functional
A real-valued function $$f$$ defined on a subset of a real or complex vector space $$X$$ is said to be a sublinear function $$p$$ if $$f(x) \leq p(x)$$ for every $$x$$ that belongs to the domain of $$f.$$ If $$f : X \to \Reals$$ is a real linear functional on $$X$$ then $$f$$ is dominated by $$p$$ (that is, $$f \leq p$$) if and only if $$-p(-x) \leq f(x) \leq p(x) \quad \text{ for every } x \in X.$$ Moreover, if $$p$$ is a seminorm or some other (which by definition means that $$p(-x) = p(x)$$ holds for all $$x$$) then $$f \leq p$$ if and only if $$|f| \leq p.$$

$$

Continuity
$$

Suppose $$X$$ is a topological vector space (TVS) over the real or complex numbers and $$p$$ is a sublinear function on $$X.$$ Then the following are equivalent:

$$p$$ is continuous;

$$p$$ is continuous at 0;

$$p$$ is uniformly continuous on $$X$$;

 and if $$p$$ is positive then this list may be extended to include:
$$\{x \in X : p(x) < 1\}$$ is open in $$X.$$

If $$X$$ is a real TVS, $$f$$ is a linear functional on $$X,$$ and $$p$$ is a continuous sublinear function on $$X,$$ then $$f \leq p$$ on $$X$$ implies that $$f$$ is continuous.

Relation to Minkowski functions and open convex sets
$$

Relation to open convex sets
$$

$$

Operators
The concept can be extended to operators that are homogeneous and subadditive. This requires only that the codomain be, say, an ordered vector space to make sense of the conditions.

Computer science definition
In computer science, a function $$f : \Z^+ \to \Reals$$ is called sublinear if $$\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{f(n)}{n} = 0,$$ or $$f(n) \in o(n)$$ in asymptotic notation (notice the small $$o$$). Formally, $$f(n) \in o(n)$$ if and only if, for any given $$c > 0,$$ there exists an $$N$$ such that $$f(n) < c n$$ for $$n \geq N.$$ That is, $$f$$ grows slower than any linear function. The two meanings should not be confused: while a Banach functional is convex, almost the opposite is true for functions of sublinear growth: every function $$f(n) \in o(n)$$ can be upper-bounded by a concave function of sublinear growth.

authors: Я сошла с ума

title: Sublinear function


text:
Get Away from Me

Get Away from Me is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Nellie McKay. The album was met with widespread praise from critics, and charted on the Billboard 200, selling over 100,000 copies in the United States by August 2005.

Release
The album was released on February 10, 2004, by Columbia Records. McKay insisted on Columbia releasing this album as a two-disc set even though all of its content could fit on a single disc. On iTunes, a clean version was made available which removes the profanities found on some of the songs like "Sari."

A DualDisc version of the album was released on March 29, 2005, featuring a DVD side with a live concert, 5.1 audio, and two previously unreleased tracks, "John-John" and "Teresa." The CD side features both discs of the previous release as one continuous album.

"David," the album's opening track, was released as a promotional single, with an accompanying music video. The song was included on MTV2's "Shortlist 2004 Nominees" compilation and on the soundtrack for the TV series Weeds. McKay stated in an interview with ELLEgirl that the song was written about her neighbor, whom she has a crush on.

Critical reception
Get Away from Me was met with widespread praise from music critics. On the review aggregator Metacritic, the album holds a score of 79 out of 100, based on 17 reviews. Heather Phares, reviewing the album for AllMusic, gave the album 4 out of 5 stars, commenting that the album "is the kind of feverishly inventive, sprawling album that only comes from young artists," going on to praise the album's musical and lyrical eclecticism but feeling that the variety made the album sometimes feel "dizzying rather than dazzling." Phares concluded that the record "could become a cult favorite among pissed-off girl-women of McKay's age." In a rave review, The Guardian's Maddy Costa, who awarded the album 5 out of 5 stars, felt that "lyrically [...] her elegance and control are irrefutable" and singled out "I Wanna Get Married" and "Won't U Please B Nice" as highlights. Entertainment Weekly, whose review was also extremely positive, likened McKay to Julie London and praised her vocals and lyrics, giving the album an "A".

Some critics were less enthusiastic in their assessments of the album. Chris Dahlen, writing for Pitchfork, gave the album 6.3 out of 10, calling McKay "annoying" and her music "a mess of jazz, pop, and easy listening," but praising the record's "graceful melodies, barbed hooks, and confident voice" on songs such as "Ding Dong" and "The Suitcase Song." The Austin Chronicle's Matt Dentler was also more skeptical of the album, awarding the album 2 stars and criticizing some of McKay's lyrics, but feeling that McKay has "talent" and concluding that McKay will "only get better as she figures out who the real Nellie McKay is."

Commercial performance
Get Away from Me debuted at number 16 on the Billboard Heatseekers album chart on the chart dated March 13, 2004. The following week, the album rose to its number 7 peak on the Heatseekers chart and debuted on the Billboard 200 at number 181. The album remains her highest-charting album in the US, her only other album to reach the Billboard 200 being her Doris Day tribute album, Normal As Blueberry Pie. As of August 2005, Get Away from Me had sold 102,000 copies in the United States, according to Billboard.

Track listing
All songs written by Nellie McKay.
 * Disc 1
 * 1) "David" – 2:47
 * 2) "Manhattan Avenue" – 3:38
 * 3) "Sari" – 3:27
 * 4) "Ding Dong" – 3:11
 * 5) "Baby Watch Your Back" – 3:28
 * 6) "The Dog Song" – 3:04
 * 7) "Waiter" – 4:15
 * 8) "I Wanna Get Married" – 4:01
 * 9) "Change the World" – 3:58

 * Disc 2
 * 1) "It's a Pose" – 3:30
 * 2) "Toto Dies" – 4:02
 * 3) "Won't U Please B Nice" – 2:09
 * 4) "Inner Peace" – 2:53
 * 5) "Suitcase Song" – 2:33
 * 6) "Work Song" – 4:08
 * 7) "Clonie" – 1:56
 * 8) "Respectable" – 4:07
 * 9) "Really" – 3:56

Personnel
Adapted from the liner notes of Get Away From Me and AllMusic.

Instruments
 * Jay Berliner – Spanish guitar
 * Cenovia Cummins – violin, fiddle
 * Patricia Davis – violin
 * Joyce Hammann - violin
 * Paul Holderbaum - orchestra director
 * Jim Hynes - flugelhorn, trumpet
 * Birch Johnson - trombone
 * Billy Kaye - drums
 * Richard Locker - cello
 * Nellie McKay - chimes, glockenspiel, organ, percussion, piano, recorder, vibraphone, synthesizer, xylophone
 * Emily Mitchell - harp
 * Norman Panto - accordion
 * Charles Pillow - flute, alto saxophone
 * Carol Pool - violin
 * Ari Roland - upright bass
 * Rob Shaw - violin
 * Andy Snitzer - clarinet, tenor saxophone
 * Andy Stein - violin
 * Corin Stiggall - electric bass
 * Jade Synstelien - guitar
 * Belinda Whitney-Barratt - concertmaster

Production
 * Stuart Breed - assistant engineer
 * Greg Calbi - mastering
 * Geoff Emerick - engineer, producer
 * Steve Genewick - assistant engineer
 * Nellie McKay - associate producer
 * Bill Airey Smith - assistant engineer

Miscellaneous
 * Timothy Dark - rap consultant
 * Phillip Stewart - rhythm consultant
 * Elinda Whitney - contractor
 * Amy T. Zielenski - photography

title: Get Away from Me


text:
Ascaron

Ascaron Entertainment was a video game developer based in Germany. Founded as Ascon by Holger Flöttmann in 1991 and later renamed in October 1996 due to the possible confusion with the Swiss company Ascom AG, the company produced titles primarily for the PC until it became insolvent in 2009.

Background and history
Ascaron had its headquarters in Gütersloh, a town in western Germany. It had a development studio in Aachen and an international office in Birmingham in the United Kingdom.

Ascaron had a particular focus on strategy and management games. Among its early successes were the Patrician series (a trading simulation) and the On the Ball series (a soccer team management simulation). More recently, the company had developed games such as Port Royale (a pirate/trading simulation game), Sacred (an RPG) and Darkstar One (a space combat simulation).

Ascaron was also known for publishing or distributing many games from smaller developers and publishers. Examples of games distributed by Ascaron in the UK include King's Bounty: The Legend, Audiosurf and several games in the TrackMania-series. The company distributed games from other European publishers, such as Nobilis (entreprise) and Focus Home Interactive.

In April 2009, the company was unable to pay its debts and went into administration, citing the extended development time of Sacred 2: Fallen Angel as the reason. The company continued trading in the hope that a solution could be found but was ultimately dissolved in July 2009, with Kalypso Media purchasing many of the licenses and assets from Ascaron Entertainment, with the notable exception of the licence for Sacred, which was acquired by Deep Silver (Germany). Gaming Minds Studios was then launched by Kalypso and former Ascaron employees. 15 former Ascaron developers joined the Gaming Minds Studios.

As of April 2010, Ascaron UK was still in operation, acting as a distributor for other publishers. Customers include Paradox Interactive.

Games

 * The Patrician (1992)
 * On the Ball (original title: Anstoss) (1993)
 * Hanse - Die Expedition (1994)
 * Elisabeth I (1995)
 * Pole Position (1996)
 * On the Ball 2 (1997)
 * Extreme 500 (1998)
 * On the Ball 3 (2000)
 * Patrician II (2000)
 * On the Ball Action (2001)
 * Ballerburg (2001)
 * Big Scale Racing (2002)
 * Patrician III: Rise of the Hanse (2002)
 * Port Royale: Gold, Power and Pirates (2002)
 * Hyper Rails (2003)
 * Sacred (2004)
 * Arena Wars (2004)
 * Port Royale 2 (2004)
 * Tortuga: Pirates of the New World (US title: Pirate Hunter) (2004)
 * The Great Art Race (original title: Vermeer 2) (2004)
 * Sacred Underworld (2005)
 * DarkStar One (2006)
 * Tortuga: Two Treasures (2007)
 * Sacred 2: Fallen Angel (2008)
 * World War One (2008)

title: Ascaron


text:
User:Wwoods/ship index page template

MM ships of the United States Navy have borne the name USS NAME, in honor of NAME, WhateverItIs.

 * USS NAME (XX-NUMBER1) was a CLASS1-class TYPE1, launched in YEAR11 and struck in YEAR12.

 * USS NAME (XX-NUMBER2) was a CLASS2-class TYPE2, launched in YEAR21 and struck in YEAR22.

{{shipindex|name=NAME} }

[[Category:United States Navy ship names|NAME] ]

title: User:Wwoods/ship index page template


text:
User talk:Tom Brown

This is my talk page. Say hi!

Hi! Just dropping by to comment on your page after I saw you played udnerwater hockey. AND you work at google? Awesome. AND you skydive? I'm in awe (isn't that what awesome means?) I'm rabbiting. Just saying that it's great people in other places play underwater hockey. The Tauranga team is by far the best in the world (Tauranga team won under-18s. About 5 girls from our area are going to Southern Hemispheres for under-18s, and 2 girls from our area went to worlds. Admittedly our team came second at Nationals, but that was because the ref was dumb. Seriously. He sent two of our players out for no reason. I won't bore you with the whole story though. Anyways, nice seeing other players. TBL 21:13, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tom Brown


text:
USS Altair

USS Altair, USNS Altair, or SS Altair has been the name of more than one United States Navy ship, and may refer to:

 * USS Altair (AD-11), a destroyer tender in commission from 1921 to 1946
 * USS Altair (AK-257) (ex-SS Aberdeen Victory), in commission as a cargo ship (AK-257) from 1952 to 1953 and as a stores issue ship (AKS-32) from 1953 to 1969
 * SS Altair (T-AKR-291), ex-USNS Altair (T-AK-291), a fast sealift ship placed in non-commissioned service in the Military Sealift Command in 1985 and in reserve since 2008

title: USS Altair


text:
Kersey Graves

Kersey Graves (November 21, 1813 – September 4, 1883) was a skeptic, atheist, rationalist, spiritualist, reformist writer, who was popular on the American freethought circuit of the late 19th century.

Life
Graves was born in Brownsville, Pennsylvania. His parents were Quakers, and as a young man he followed them in their observance, later moving to the Hicksite wing of Quakerism. According to one source, Graves did not attend school for more than three or four months in his life, but another source says that he received an "academical education", and at the age of 19 was teaching in a school at Richmond, a career he was to follow for more than twenty years.

He was an advocate of Abolitionism, also interested in language reform, and became involved with a number of radical freethinkers within Quakerism. In August 1844, he joined a group of about fifty utopian settlers in Wayne County, Indiana. In the same month, he was disowned by his Quaker meeting group due to his neglect of attendance, and also setting up a rival group. The groups he was associated with later dabbled in mesmerism and spiritualism.

In July 1845, Graves married the Quaker, Lydia Michiner, at Goschen Meeting House, in Zanesfield, Logan County, Ohio, and they later had five children at their home in Harveysburg, Ohio. They later moved back to Richmond and bought a farm.

The Goschen Meeting House was a centre of the Congregational Friends and were involved with Temperance and Peace, health reform, anti-slavery, women's rights and socialistic utopianism.

Graves' Quaker background conditioned him to the philosophy of the Inner light, whereby all clergy, creeds, and set liturgy in worship were irrelevant, and a hindrance to God's work. This was intensified by Hicks's brand of Quakerism - Quietism - where an individual's spiritual life was most important and all outward manifestations were invalid. The Congregational Friends were to the left of the Hicksites, and withdrew further from even Christianity and eventually a belief in God.

Graves died at his home just north of Richmond, Indiana on 4 September 1883.

Quotes

 * 1875: The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors ;

"I desire to impress upon the minds of my clerical brethren the important fact, that the gospel histories of Christ were written by men who had formerly been Jews (see Acts xxi. 20), and probably possessing the strong proclivity to imitate and borrow which their bible shows was characteristic of that nation ; and being written many years after Christ's death, according to that standard Christian author, Dr. Lardner, it was impossible, under such circumstances, for them to separate (if they had desired to) the real facts and events of his life from the innumerable fictions and fables then afloat everywhere relative to the heathen Gods who had pre-enacted a similar history. Two reasons are thus furnished for their constructing a history of Christ almost identical with that of other Gods."

Writings and legacy
Graves started with the belief that religion corrupted truth, and evolved into a writer claiming that all religious belief was false and that Jesus was fiction. His published works include ''The Biography of Satan; Or, A Historical Exposition of the Devil and His Fiery Dominions. Disclosing the Oriental Origin of the Belief in a Devil and Future Endless Punishment (1865; 4th ed. 1924), The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors: Or, Christianity Before Christ (1875), and The Bible of Bibles; Or, Twenty-Seven "Divine Revelations": Containing a Description of Twenty-seven Bibles, and an Exposition of Two Thousand Biblical Errors in Science, History, Morals, Religion, and General Events; Also a Delineation of the Characters of the Principal Personages of the Christian Bible, and an Examination of Their Doctrines'' (4th ed., Boston: Colby & Rich, 1879). His second book was his most famous and is still quoted by atheists and proponents of the Christ myth theory today despite criticism and dismissal by biblical scholars.

Graves is discussed in The Christ Conspiracy and Suns of God by Dorothy M. Murdock aka Acharya S. His shortcomings are discussed by Richard Carrier. His writings could even have been utilized in The Da Vinci Code.

Tom Harpur used Graves as a source in The Pagan Christ and his other books on Jesus Christ in comparative mythology. Atheist activist Madalyn Murray O'Hair was also an admirer of Graves' work.

Translated works

 * Biografia di Satana, Lulu Press, Raleigh (NC), 2018, Italian version of Biography of Satan (1924), translated by Rev. Marco Lupi Speranza, ISBN 978-0-24-499658-1.

title: Kersey Graves


text:
USS Alice

USS Alice may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:

 * USS Alice (1864), was a screw tug purchased by the Navy on 25 July 1864 and renamed Aster before being placed in commission.
 * USS Alice (1898), was a harbor tug. The vessel was at Norfolk Navy Yard in December 1905
 * USS Alice (SP-367)

title: USS Alice


text:
User:Tom Brown

I am a software engineer at Google and before that a student at UIUC and UT Austin. I work too hard and move fast or sleep when not working. I play a lot of underwater hockey and skydive pretty often. Inline skates are my preferred way for getting around Mountain View and Sunnyvale.

title: User:Tom Brown


text:
Kenneth C. Davis

Kenneth C. Davis is an American history author, known for his series of books titled "Don't Know Much About"

Life
Born in Mount Vernon, New York City, Kenneth attended Concordia College, Bronxville in New York, and Fordham University at Lincoln Center, New York. He lives in New York City and Dorset, Vermont accompanied by his wife and two children.

Davis's first book, Two-Bit Culture: The Paperbacking of America, offers an overview of the history of paperback books, although some publishers, such as Walter Zacharius and Irwin Stein's Lancer Books, were given little coverage.

Davis has lectured at the Smithsonian Museum and the American Museum of Natural History, and been a contributor to The New York Times, Newsday and other publications.

Don't Know Much About History
Published by Crown in 1990, Davis's second book, Don't Know Much About History, spent 35 consecutive weeks on The New York Times bestseller list and sold nearly 1.5 million copies. This unexpected success launched the Don't Know Much About... series. The standardized format is a chronological coverage of a subject with each chapter divided into boldface subheads of questions, such as, "Did Pocahontas really save John Smith's life?" Davis then answers the questions with basic facts delivered in short easy-to-read essays which have a straightforward approach, but sometimes grab the reader's attention by beginning with light humor and anachronistic comparisons. For example: "Even the astronauts who flew to the moon had a pretty good idea of what to expect; Columbus was sailing, as Star Trek puts it, 'where no man has gone before'." Quotes from historical figures often follow the essays.

The titles were initially inspired by Sam Cooke's song "Wonderful World", with the lyrics, "Don't know much about history" or "geography," etc. The series has generally received favorable reviews. One mixed review criticized Davis for "treat[ing] his subject matter as a vehicle for his own editorials".

America's Hidden History
Davis's book, America's Hidden History: Untold Tales of the First Pilgrims, Fighting Women, and Forgotten Founders Who Shaped a Nation (2008), has a more serious tone than the earlier books, is more expansive, and focuses not only on well-known names but also on forgotten figures such as Hannah Duston.

Books (external links)

 * Two-Bit Culture: The Paperbacking of America (Macmillan, 1984)
 * Don't Know Much About History (1990) (2003 expanded) ISBN 9780060083823)
 * Don't Know Much About Geography (1992)
 * Don't Know Much About the Bible (1999)
 * Don't Know Much About the Civil War (1999)
 * Don't Know Much About Space (2001)
 * Don't Know Much About the Planet Earth (2001)
 * Don't Know Much About the Presidents (2001)
 * Don't Know Much About the Kings and Queens of England (2002)
 * Don't Know Much About the Universe (2002)
 * Don't Know Much About the Pilgrims (2002)
 * Don't Know Much About Sitting Bull (2002)
 * Don't Know Much About the Pioneers (2003)
 * Don't Know Much About American History (2003)
 * Don't Know Much About George Washington (2003)
 * Don't Know Much About the 50 States (2004)
 * Don't Know Much About the Solar System (2004)
 * Don't Know Much About Dinosaurs (2004)
 * Don't Know Much About Thomas Jefferson (2005)
 * Don't Know Much About Abraham Lincoln (2005)
 * Don't Know Much About World Myths (2005)
 * Don't Know Much About Mummies (2005)
 * Que Se Yo De Historia (2005)
 * Don't Know Much About Martin Luther King Jr. (2002)
 * Don't Know Much About Rosa Parks (2005) ISBN 0060288191
 * Don't Know Much About Mythology (2005) ISBN 006019460X
 * Don't Know Much About Anything (2007) ISBN 9780061251467
 * America's Hidden History: Untold Tales of the First Pilgrims, Fighting Women, and Forgotten Founders Who Shaped a Nation (2008) ISBN 9780061118180
 * A Nation Rising: Untold Tales of Flawed Founders, Fallen Heroes, and Forgotten Fighters from America's Hidden History (2010) ISBN 9780061118203
 * The Hidden History of America at War: Untold Tales from Yorktown to Fallujah (May 2015) ISBN 9781401324100
 * In the Shadow of Liberty: The Hidden History of Slavery, Four Presidents, and Five Black Lives (2016) ISBN 1627793119
 * More Deadly Than War: The Hidden History of the Spanish Flu and the First World War (2018) ISBN 1250145120

title: Kenneth C. Davis


text:
3-7-77

3-7-77 is a symbol originally used by the Montana Vigilantes, a 19th century vigilance committee in Virginia City, Montana, United States.

Historic examples

When the numbers "3-7-77" were painted on a tent or cabin, it was a warning that the occupants could face vigilantism if they did not leave the area. In 1917, union organizer Frank Little was lynched, and a note pinned to his body read, "Others take notice, first and last warning, 3-7-77."

Modern examples
The numbers are used on the shoulder patch of the Montana Highway Patrol. The Association of Montana Troopers website says the patch: "Is emblematic of the first organized law enforcement in Montana. The Montana Highway Patrol, in adopting this early symbol, honors the first men in the Montana Territory who organized for the safety and welfare of the people."

The symbol appears on the flight suits of pilots of the Montana Air National Guard, and the flight patch of the Montana Army National Guard Medevac unit 1189th GSAB – Vigilantes.

The symbol is the logo of Big Sky Brewing Company of Missoula, Montana.

Some floats in the Vigilante Day Parade in Helena, Montana, display the numbers 3-7-77.

Origin
Theories regarding the origin and meaning of the symbol include:
 * The numbers represent the date the Vigilante Oath was signed in Bannack, Montana, the first seat of Justice in the state. This claim is perpetuated by a supposed oath, dated March 7, 1877, that hangs on the wall of the Masonic Lodge 3-7-77 in Bannack.
 * The numbers represent the dimensions of a grave, 3 feet by 7 feet by 77 inches.
 * Frederick Allen, in his book A Decent Orderly Lynching, says the number meant the person had to buy a $3 ticket on the next 7:00 a.m. stagecoach to take the 77-mile trip from Helena to Butte.
 * In The Wasted Vigil, author Nadeem Aslam says the number means you have three hours, seven minutes and seventy-seven seconds to get out or face violence.
 * The number set may have something to do with the date March 7, 1877. The first documented evidence of use of the symbol in a vigilante scenario occurred in November 1879 in Helena when it was mentioned in a newspaper article. A 1914 dissertation noted that it was simply used as part of a meeting notice.  The first Masonic meeting in Bannack, Montana is sometimes said to have taken place on March 7, 1877, but there is no historic evidence for this claim.  The same source (the Bannack State Park Guide) also claims that in 1874, realizing the need for a school, the Bannack Masonic Lodge 16 built a combination lodge building and school. However, this would mean that the first Masonic meeting in Bannack was held well before March 7, 1877.  The Bannack Masons actually applied for a charter for a Masonic Lodge in 1863.  Bannack Lodge 16 was chartered in 1871, and remained open until 1921, when it consolidated with the Dillon Masonic Lodge.  Hence, the date theory does not stand.  In 2000 Bannack Historic Lodge 3-7-77 was organized through the Grand Lodge of Montana.

title: 3-7-77


text:
USS Allegheny

Three ships of the United States Navy have been named Allegheny, after the Allegheny River.

 * USS Allegheny (1847)
 * USS Allegheny (AT-19)
 * USS Allegheny (ATA-179)

title: USS Allegheny


text:
Black Tom

Black Tom may refer to:

 * "Black Tom", nickname of Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormond (c.1531–1614), Irish peer and Lord Treasurer of Ireland in the 16th and early 17th centuries.
 * "Black Tom", nickname of Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Lord Fairfax of Cameron (1612–1671), English Civil War Parliamentary general
 * "Black Tom", an informal name of a neighborhood within the Harpur ward of Bedford, England, named after a notorious highwayman who operated in the area in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries
 * Black Tom explosion (30 July 1916), Jersey City, New Jersey; act of World War I sabotage on American ammunition supplies by German agents to prevent shipments to the Allies
 * Black Tom Cassidy (created October 1976), a Marvel Comics supervillain, an enemy of the X-Men
 * A game of tag; see

title: Black Tom


text:
The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors

The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors; Or, Christianity Before Christ, Containing New, Startling, and Extraordinary Revelations in Religious History, which Disclose the Oriental Origin of All the Doctrines, Principles, Precepts, and Miracles of the Christian New Testament, and Furnishing a Key for Unlocking Many of Its Sacred Mysteries, Besides Comprising the History of 16 Heathen Crucified Gods is an 1875 non-fiction book written by American freethinker Kersey Graves, which asserts that Jesus was not an actual person, but was a creation largely based on earlier stories of deities or god-men saviours who had been crucified and descended to and ascended from the underworld. Parts were reprinted in The Book Your Church Doesn't Want You to Read edited by Tim C. Leedom in 1994, and it was republished in its entirety in 2001.

The book is often used as a source by Christ myth theory proponents, such as Dorothy M. Murdock, Tom Harpur, and John G. Jackson. Many of the same theories espoused in the book are repeated in the documentaries The God Who Wasn't There, The Pagan Christ, Zeitgeist: The Movie and Religulous.

American Atheists leader Madalyn Murray O'Hair was a fan of the book. While American philosopher and independent scholar Richard Carrier found the book to be incomplete, he appreciated some of its points.

Summary
Graves, often citing Anacalypsis and other works by Godfrey Higgins (1772–1833) as his source, asserts in the book that many messiah-like "saviors" were crucified on a cross or tree before ascending into heaven.

"One thing is clear — the mythos of the Hindus, the mythos of the Jews and the mythos of the Greeks are all at bottom the same; and what are called their early histories are not histories of humankind, but are contrivances under the appearance of histories to perpetuate doctrines." (Higgins, Anacalypsis)

Here is Graves' main list, arranged chronologically:

 * Thulis of Egypt, 1700 B.C.
 * Krishna of India, 1200 B.C.
 * Crite of Chaldea, 1200 B.C.
 * Atys of Phrygia, 1170 B.C.
 * Thammuz or Tammuz of Syria, 1160 B.C.
 * Hesus or Eros 834 B.C.
 * Bali of Orissa, 725 B.C.
 * Indra of Thibet (Tibet), 725 B.C.
 * Iao of Nepaul (Nepal), 622 B.C.
 * Buddha Sakia (Muni) of India, 600 B.C.
 * Mitra (Mithra) of Persia, 600 B.C.
 * Alcestos of Euripides, 600 B.C.
 * Quezalcoatl of Mexico, 587 B.C.
 * Wittoba of the Bilingonese, 552 B.C.
 * Prometheus or Æschylus of Caucasus, 547 B.C.
 * Quirinus of Rome, 506 B.C.

He also lists a number of other holy figures who took the form of men and then ascended into heaven, including:

 * Salivahana of Bermuda
 * Zulis or Zhule of Egypt
 * Osiris of Egypt
 * Oru of Egypt
 * Odin of the Scandinavians
 * Zoroaster of Persia
 * Baal of Phoenicia
 * Taut, "the only Begotten of God" of Phoenicia, inventor of letters
 * Bali of Afghanistan
 * Xamolxis (Zalmoxis) of Thrace
 * Zoar of the Bonzes
 * Adad of Assyria
 * Deva Tat of Siam (Thailand)
 * Sammonocadam (Sommona-Codom) of Siam (Thailand)
 * Alcides of Thebes
 * Mikado of the Sintoos
 * Beddru of Japan
 * Bremrillah of the Druids
 * Thor son of Odin of the Gauls/Norse
 * Cadmus of Greece
 * Hil/Feta of the Mandaites
 * Gentaut of Mexico
 * Universal Monarch of the Sibyls
 * Ischy of Formosa (Taiwan)
 * Divine Teacher of Plato
 * Holy One of Xaca
 * (Fohi) of China
 * Tien of China
 * Adonis son of the virgin Io of Greece
 * Ixion of Rome
 * Mohamud or Mahomet of Arabia

The book claims that a number of these deities or god-men shared at least some traits of Jesus as described in the New Testament, drawing the strongest similarities with Krishna. For example, some figures had miraculous or virgin births, were sons of supreme gods, were born on December 25, had stars point to their birthplaces, were visited by shepherds and magi as infants, fled from death as children, exhibited traits of divinity in childhood, spent time in the desert, traveled as they taught, had disciples, performed miracles, were persecuted, were crucified, descended into hell after death, appeared as resurrections or apparitions, or ascended into heaven. Graves also devotes chapters to the pagan roots of baptism and the eucharist, and concludes that Jesus was not a real person.

Quotes
"Here I desire to impress upon the minds of my clerical brethren the important fact, that the gospel histories of Christ were written by men who had formerly been Jews (see Acts xxi. 20), and probably possessing the strong proclivity to imitate and borrow which their bible shows was characteristic of that nation ; and being written many years after Christ's death, according to that standard Christian author, Dr. Lardner, it was impossible, under such circumstances, for them to separate (if they had desired to) the real facts and events of his life from the innumerable fictions and fables then afloat everywhere relative to the heathen Gods who had pre-enacted a similar history. Two reasons are thus furnished for their constructing a history of Christ almost identical with that of other Gods, as shown in chapters XXX., XXXI. and XXXII. of this work."

Criticism
American historian Richard Carrier, a supporter of the Christ myth theory, has written online about his concerns with The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors. For example, Carrier argues that Graves often omits citations, uses dubious sources, mixes opinions with facts, and draws conclusions beyond the evidence presented. However, according to Carrier, there is no comprehensive rebuttal of the book, and although many of his facts are wrong, other assertions such as a December 25 birthdate among Greco-Roman sun gods are now acknowledged to be correct. Carrier argues there is a better case for the resurrection of Thracian god Zalmoxis (also called Salmoxis or Gebele'izis) and the crucifixion and resurrection of Sumerian goddess Inanna (also known as Ishtar), neither of whom are mentioned by Graves.

title: The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors


text: User talk:69.213.103.230

title: User talk:69.213.103.230


text:
USS Alpha

Two ships of the United States Navy have been named Alpha, after the first letter in the Greek alphabet.

 * USS Alpha (1864), a screw tug bearing a spar torpedo during the Civil War
 * USS Alpha (SP-586), a motor yacht that patrolled off Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut during World War I; built 1911; purchased by U.S. Navy in 1917; sold in 1919

title: USS Alpha


text:
USS Anthony

Two ships of the United States Navy have borne the name USS Anthony, in honor of Marine Sergeant Major William Anthony.

 * USS Anthony (DD-172), was a Wickes-class destroyer, launched in 1918 and struck in 1936.
 * USS Anthony (DD-266), was a Clemson-class destroyer laid down in 1918, but was renamed Greene (DD-266) three months prior to her launching.
 * USS Anthony (DD-515), was a Fletcher-class destroyer, launched in 1942, loaned to West Germany in 1958, and struck in 1972.

title: USS Anthony


text:
User:Irishrichy

I'm more of a browser than an editor, but I have created the following pages:
 * The Black Velvets
 * Clonskeagh
 * (Don't Fear) the reaper
 * Detroit Rock City
 * Dublin Docklands
 * List of songs in The Simpsons
 * Reality on the Norm
 * Slane Concert
 * Smoke Ring
 * St Michael's College, Dublin
 * Theming
 * Two Hit Wonders

Some of my early edits were under the IP address 136.148.1.142, but not all edits from that address were by me.

title: User:Irishrichy