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KITS

KITS (105.3 FM, "Live 105") is a commercial radio station in San Francisco, California. Owned by Audacy, Inc., it broadcasts an alternative rock radio format known as "Live 105". The studios and offices are co-located with formerly co-owned KPIX-TV on Battery Street in the North Beach district of San Francisco.

KITS's transmitter is located on Radio Road, at San Bruno Mountain in Daly City. It has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 15,000 watts, from a tower at 366 meters (1,201 feet) in height above average terrain. KITS broadcasts in the HD Radio format; its HD2 subchannel formerly aired a gold-based modern rock format as Classic Live 105, inspired by its previous long-time tenure in the format as Live 105, while their HD3 subchannel formerly carried "Radio Zindagi", a South Asian radio service. These subchannels have since been turned off.

Early years
The station's original call sign was KBCO, beginning on December 28, 1959, when it signed on the air. It was owned by Bay Area Broadcasters, with Saul R. Levine as president.

In January 1964, Apollo Broadcasting acquired the station. On June 1, 1964 the call letters were changed to KBRG and became K-Bridge. KBRG carried a stereo classics format, Apollo operated a similar format on KLEF in Houston. In 1969, the station changed hands again, this time acquired by Entertainment Communications, Inc. KBRG carried a multi-ethnic programming format, with music and talk shows in German, Chinese, Italian, Filipino, Arabic, Armenian and Spanish. KBRG was later converted into a fulltime Spanish-language station. At the time, the Spanish-speaking community in San Francisco was growing, but only several AM stations were broadcasting in Spanish. KBRG would switch to Regional Mexican music (as "Caballero Spanish Radio"), the market's only full-power Spanish-language FM station at that time.

Hot hits
In February 1983, Entertainment Communications (later renamed Entercom, and the forerunner to Audacy) decided to go in a more mass-appeal direction. The station adopted radio consultant Mike Joseph's Hot Hits Top 40 music format, with the call letters switching to KITS. Seven air personalities were recruited during a nationwide search, coming from stations such as XETRA in San Diego-Tijuana, KBEQ-FM in Kansas City, WXGT in Columbus, Ohio, and WCAU-FM in Philadelphia. The transplanted disc jockeys underwent a "broadcasting bootcamp" for two weeks prior to launching the new Hot Hits format. Radio personality Doug Ritter (Doug Ritterling) was the first DJ on the air when the new format premiered at 9 a.m. on February 27, 1983.

The station was referred to as "Hot Hits KITS". The format featured a short playlist of only current hit songs, with heavy repetition, frequent jingles and fast-talking air personalities. The original weekday DJ lineup on "Hot Hits KITS" consisted of program director Jeff Hunter 6–9a.m., followed by Doug Ritter 9a.m.–Noon, Gary Robbins Noon–3p.m., Todd Parker 3–7p.m., Richard Sands 7–midnight, and Rick Neal (George Fryer) midnight–6am. Mark Van Gelder was the first Production Director under the "Hot Hits" format, Annette Parks (daughter of pioneer broadcaster and Miss America Pageant Host Bert Parks) was the station's news director, and Michele Meisner (formerly of San Francisco's Fantasy Studios) was music director.

When Hot Hits debuted, it was a ratings success. In 1983, San Francisco only had one Top 40 station, KFRC. The following year, KMEL flipped from album-oriented rock to CHR, giving KITS new competition. Due to losing their core listening audience to KITS and KMEL, KFRC would switch to adult standards in 1986. The KITS studios were a popular place with celebrities; visits were common from movie and TV stars such as Bette Midler, Tom Cruise, Pat Morita, George Takei, Anthony Perkins, and others. The celebrities would not typically make it on the air, but they would the studios in San Francisco's market square just to see what attracts people to go there.

1985–1997
Modern rock station KQAK "The Quake" changed formats in 1985, leaving San Francisco without a station specializing in the genre. Fans were eager for another station to pick up the format. During this time, KITS personality Steve Masters began experimenting with modern rock on his evening show and the reaction was quite positive.

Over time, KITS dropped the "Hot Hits" approach. It remained a mainstream CHR station but began a gradual musical shift, incorporating more modern rock songs into the Top 40 playlist. By October 1986, KITS had completely dropped the pop and rhythmic artists from the playlist and became a pure modern rock station. The station's new moniker became "Live 105" under program director Richard Sands and music director Steve Masters.

The music ranged from mainstream alternative rock, imports, dance music, and even classic songs from pioneering artists such as Lou Reed, David Bowie and T-Rex. "Live 105" became a national influence on the format and the sole source of radio exposure for such artists in the San Francisco Bay Area.

The DJ lineup remained relatively stable from 1986 through 1997, and included Masters, Big Rick Stuart, Mark Hamilton, Roland West, with Alex Bennett and Lori Thompson doing a comedy/talk show in the morning. Bennett was let go from the station in 1989 and replaced by Perry Stone, as Live 105 attempted a "more music" approach in the morning. However, the morning ratings dropped, and Bennett, who briefly went to WIOD in Miami, was brought back.

Hamilton left in 1994 to accept the program director job at modern rock station KNRK in Portland, Oregon, and Steve Masters departed soon after to take a promotion job at MCA's new alternative label, WAY COOL. Roland West then moved from night to middays and took over the music director position, eventually becoming the Assistant Program director. Aaron Axelsen, then assistant music director, become the music director and host of specialty programs Soundcheck (which highlighted songs from new acts) and Subsonic (which highlighted electronic music). The station also ran Hibernia Beach LIVE, a gay-themed radio call-in show, from 1989 to 1999.

The modern rock format changed nationwide by the 1990s, moving away from the dance-leaning, synthesizer-based European sound to a harder, guitar-driven direction with artists such as Nirvana, Pearl Jam and Soundgarden. After numerous years of success, ratings for KITS began to dip during the late 1990s, as Infinity Broadcasting's KOME in nearby San Jose switched to a harder modern rock format, coupled with carrying the syndicated Howard Stern Show in the mornings. KOME had great success in the ratings and managed to even beat KITS, which was still playing some euro-based music.

1997–2005
On March 11, 1997, owner Entercom sold the station to Infinity Broadcasting (later CBS Radio). This meant that KITS and KOME were now both co-owned. After KITS came under Infinity ownership, a big shakeup occurred on June 1, 1998.

Stern's morning show, KOME's management and programming staff, and a few on-air personalities were brought up from KOME to take over "Live 105". KOME was eventually sold to Jacor, which moved Classic rock-formatted KUFX to the 98.5 FM frequency and the KOME call letters were "parked" on an AM station in Fort Worth, Texas. Program director Richard Sands, assistant program director/midday host Roland West, and the relatively new morning team of Johnny Steele and Lori Thompson were all dismissed. KOME's program director, Jay Taylor, assumed programming duties at the new "Live 105", and Ally Storm and No-Name moved into middays and nights, respectively. The syndicated call-in advice show "Loveline" was also brought to the station as its late-night program. Big Rick Stuart continued in afternoons until being let go in 2000, severing the last remaining thread to the original incarnation of "Live 105", though Steve Masters returned briefly to host a midday specialty show.

By the end of 2001, KITS saw a drastic reduction in listeners due to an unpopular music assortment that was being played, which included some hip hop and heavy metal titles. Toward the middle of 2002, the station hired Sean Demery (formerly of 99X in Atlanta) as Program Director in hopes of bringing back listeners. Demery was charged with refocusing on core alternative rock artists, adding more popular hits, and establishing new artists, while playing a mix of critically acclaimed music from The Cure, The Pixies, Depeche Mode and The Clash, and current artists such as Franz Ferdinand, Bloc Party, and The Killers.

The station regained its reputation as a leader in new music and respect in the industry, winning numerous awards for creativity and playing new bands before they caught on nationally. Muse, The Bravery, Silversun Pickups, and Yeah Yeah Yeahs were among the popular bands that enjoyed huge success after early support from "Live 105".

2005–2010
Howard Stern ended his syndicated morning show in December 2005, and departed for Sirius Satellite Radio. In response, CBS Radio flipped nearly all its alternative-formatted radio stations to an all-talk format known as "Free FM". KITS was allowed to keep its music format and thus decided to go in a music-oriented direction for its subsequent morning show, The Woody Show (originally The Morning Music Co-op, then The Woody, Tony and Ravey Show). It was hosted by Jeff "Woody" Fife, Tony Mott, and Renee Ravey, with producer Greg Gory and assistant producer Jason "White Menace" McMurry. Woody, Tony, and Ravey had previously worked afternoons on Chicago alternative rock station WKQX.

The show made its debut on January 3, 2006. The show started gaining popularity, retaining many of the original listeners from Howard Stern. In November 2006, the station hired a new Program Director, Dave Numme, who was already programming KUFO in Portland (now KXL-FM), another station owned by the CBS Radio. In 2008, Black Planet, the station's underground goth show, returned for a two hour Halloween special.

Originally thought to be an April Fools' Day joke, The Woody Show was taken off the air on April 1, 2009. It was later confirmed that several members of the program were fired by CBS Radio management. (The Woody Show is now based at alternative rock station KYSR Los Angeles and syndicated nationally by iHeartMedia.) On April 20, 2009, KITS announced that No Name would lead the station's new morning show, to be known as The No Name Show, originally with Greg Gory and Katie as side kicks. The DJ known as No Name had formerly been the morning show co-host on KLLC and a former night jock on KITS in the late 1990s and early 2000s.

Greg Gory was fired from KITS on July 16, 2009, with Matty Staudt taking over producer duties. Staudt and No Name had worked together at KLLC for numerous years. However, the morning show was unable to gain traction in the ratings, and Staudt was let go after one year. In October 2009, Dave Numme was released from his position as program director and the programming reins given to CBS Radio San Francisco's Vice President of Programming Michael Martin.

2010-2015
On March 30, 2010, the Oakland Raiders football team announced a multi-year agreement for KITS and its sister station, KFRC (now KZDG), to broadcast play-by-play coverage of the team's pre-season, regular season, and post-season games. KITS and KFRC would serve as the team's flagship stations.

In December 2010, the DJ line-up was overhauled by management. The most notable of the changes was airing the syndicated Kevin and Bean show, originating from co-owned Alternative station KROQ-FM in Los Angeles, as the new morning drive time program (5:30–10 a.m.) beginning January 3, 2011. As a result, the No Name Show was broken up as sidekick/traffic reporter Katie was released from the station and No Name was moved from mornings to afternoons, displacing long-time afternoon host Jared Aman. Midday host Kat was also released from the station as part of the changes.

Kevin and Bean lasted nine months. On September 3, 2011, the Kevin and Bean Show was dropped in favor of a music-intensive morning show. The duo was subsequently dropped from its syndicator, Westwood One, due to the loss of outlets carrying the show. The show continued on KROQ-FM for Los Angeles listeners until 2018.

Shortly after the dropping of Kevin and Bean in 2011, "Menace", formerly of The Woody Show, took over morning show hosting duties. In August 2012, the show was renamed "Megan and Menace in the Morning". By December, Megan moved back to her previous midday shift, and in April 2013, Steve Masters returned to the station to host the morning show. In December 2013, Masters left the station for a third time.

A new morning show, "Kevin Klein Live", debuted on September 2, 2014. Host Kevin Klein previously worked at Playboy Radio. He is not related to the actor or the hockey player. Klein is also a frequent gambler, which has resulted in many bets made live on the show. One loss resulted in Klein having to pose for an erotic photo-shoot with cats and kale, two things he hates. Co-host Ally Johnson is a Bay Area native with a background in comedy. The show has received press coverage for some of its stunts, including a flash mob parade for competitive eating champion Matt Stonie. Klein also led a campaign to rid San Francisco of selfie sticks.

Some of Klein's most notable interviews include Drew Barrymore, Dave Grohl, Ronda Rousey, and Lisa Johnson, an African-American woman who made headlines after getting kicked off the Napa Valley Wine Train.

2015-2019
On February 2, 2017, CBS Radio announced it would merge with Entercom. The merger was approved on November 9, 2017, and was consummated on November 17. The merger returned KITS to its former owners for the first time in 20 years. On December 22, 2017, KITS re-branded as "Alt 105.3", with no change in format. The re-brand was part of the national strategy to use the same moniker for its alternative music formatted stations that included sister stations WBMP (now WINS-FM) in New York City, KVIL in Dallas, and WQMP in Orlando, which also flipped to alternative rock following the Entercom acquisition.

On January 3, 2018, the "Kevin Klein Live" morning show was dropped from KITS, with Entercom later announcing that he would move to its recently-launched San Diego hot talk station KEGY as its morning show, beginning March 29. However, Klein's show (and later, the hot talk format as a whole) would be dropped before its premiere after attracting controversy for an advertisement that made light of suicide by bridge jumping.

After running without a morning show after the "Alt" rebranding, KITS added Elvis Medina in mornings on May 30, 2018. Medina had co-hosted mornings on KYLD as part of the long-running The Dog House. In October 2018, Medina was teamed up with co-host Daena 'DK' Kramer, who spent many years at Las Vegas sister station KXTE-FM, but the pairing lasted for only five months as Medina was let go. 'DK' remained to host the show solo until February 2020.

2020-present
On April 2, 2020, Aaron Axelsen was released from the station after 23 years due to budget cuts. On September 14, 2020, Entercom implemented the roll-out of their nationwide network programming across all their alternative music formatted stations, which originates from central hubs in New York City and Los Angeles. By the end of the alternative format's run, the majority of on-air personalities and specialty shows originated from outside the San Francisco Bay Area region.

Dave FM And Live 105 Returns
On October 15, 2021, at 1 p.m., KITS ended its alternative rock format after 35 years, and flipped to adult hits as 105.3 Dave FM. The last song on "Alt" was "Last Kiss" by Pearl Jam, while the first song on "Dave FM" was "Welcome To The Jungle" by Guns N' Roses. One day after the format change, the station inadvertently played four hours of commercials due to a "corrupted music database". After the error was caught, the station played archived "Alt 105.3" programming from the spring of 2020, until it returned to "Dave FM" programming the following morning.

In February 2022, the station relaunched its Classic Live 105 HD Radio subchannel (reviving a previous format of the HD2 subchannel, which had later switched to an indie rock-focused Indie 105, and Audacy's "New Arrivals" format), with a focus on classic alternative rock from the 1980's through the 2000's.

On June 2, 2023, the station began stunting, dropping all references to the Dave FM branding and imaging, with mostly cold segues between songs and commercial breaks, punctuated by promos and sweepers highlighting the history and significance of the Live 105 format (and by the 5th, including montages of music related to the Bay Area in some fashion), teasing an event to occur the following Monday, June 5. On the 3rd, Audacy officially announced that KITS would revive the Live 105 branding at 10:53 a.m. on June 5, with a gold-leaning modern rock format featuring "music from every era of [KITS's] history as the Bay Area’s Alternative" mirroring similar moves done with heritage alternative stations in major markets, such as WKQX in Chicago and WNNX in Atlanta, in the previous year. The final song on "Dave FM" was "Any Way You Want It" by Journey; the first on the revived "Live 105" was "Welcome To Paradise" by Green Day (by coincidence, both bands were founded in the Bay Area). Axelsen would return to KITS to oversee the relaunch, and revived Soundcheck in July 2023.

Concerts
KITS had hosted two major concerts every year from 1994 to 2018. "BFD" was held every June at the Shoreline Amphitheatre in Mountain View, California that would run all day with up-and-coming bands performing on the festival stage during the day, and more established bands on the main stage at night. The first BFD concert took place in June 1994 with artists such as Beck, Green Day, and The Pretenders and continue to showcase a wide range of artists including Red Hot Chili Peppers, The White Stripes, Blink 182, Hole, The Killers, The Strokes, 311, Third Eye Blind, Foo Fighters, Panic! at the Disco, The Offspring, Stone Temple Pilots, and the Beastie Boys as well as older bands such as Duran Duran, Social Distortion, and The Cure.

The station's winter concert, "Not So Silent Night", formerly known as the "Green Christmas Ball" and "Electronica Hanukkah", occurred in early December and has featured such bands as Linkin Park, Muse, Green Day, Kasabian, The Killers, My Chemical Romance, Smashing Pumpkins, System of a Down, Blink-182, David Bowie, Franz Ferdinand, The White Stripes, Silversun Pickups, Modest Mouse, Cake, Paramore, Angels & Airwaves, Spoon, Jimmy Eat World, Death Cab for Cutie, and Everclear.

From 2009 to 2014, KITS hosted the "Subsonic Halloween Spookfest", which debuted on October 30, 2009 at the Cow Palace in San Francisco. The Halloween-themed concert featured three stages of entertainment, having included performances over the years by The Faint, Basement Jaxx, Crystal Method, DJ Steve Aoki, Crystal Castles, MSTRKRFT, Underworld, DJ Shadow, and many other electronic and rock artists that were regularly featured on the station's Saturday night show, Subsonic.

Boosters
KITS is rebroadcast on the following FM boosters:

Awards
In 1989, Live 105 won Billboard magazine's award for Radio Station of the Year – Rock.

In 2007, the station was nominated for the top 25 markets Alternative Station of the Year award by Radio & Records magazine. Other nominees included WBCN in Boston, KROQ-FM in Los Angeles, KTBZ-FM in Houston, KNDD in Seattle, and WWDC in Washington, D.C.

Members of the Live 105 programming and air staff have also received awards. Program Directors Richard Sands and Sean Demery were awarded Program Director of the Year by various trade magazines, as well as Music Director and DJ Aaron Axelsen, who received the Best Terrestrial Radio DJ in San Francisco award from the weekly newspaper San Francisco Bay Guardian in 2009.

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Werewolf by Night

The Werewolf by Night (also known as the Werewolf) is the name of two werewolves appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first incarnation of Werewolf by Night, Jack Russell, first appeared in Marvel Spotlight #2 (February 1972). The second incarnation, Jake Gomez, first appeared in Werewolf by Night #1 (October 2020).

The Jack Russell incarnation of Werewolf by Night appeared in the Marvel Cinematic Universe feature Werewolf by Night (2022) TV special, portrayed by Gael García Bernal.

Publication history
Prior to the formation of the Comics Code Authority in 1954, Marvel's predecessor Atlas Comics published a five-page short story titled "Werewolf by Night!" in Marvel Tales (1949 series) #116 (July 1953 issue). With the relaxation of the Comics Code Authority's rules in 1971, it became possible for the first time to publish code-approved comic books with werewolves. The Jack Russell version of Werewolf by Night first appeared in Marvel Spotlight #2 (February 1972) and was based on an idea by Roy Thomas. The series name was suggested by Stan Lee and the initial creative team was Gerry Conway and Mike Ploog, who worked from a plot by Roy and Jeanie Thomas for the first issue. Readers have often pointed out that the lead character's name, Jack Russell, is also a breed of dog. Conway has said that while he cannot remember how he came up with the name, it is unlikely that he was making this canine reference consciously, since he did not own a dog and never lived with one growing up.

After the test run in Marvel Spotlight #2-4, the character graduated to his own eponymous series in September 1972. Conway described working on the series as "a lot of fun" because the horror genre made a refreshing change from the superhero stories that had been the staple of mainstream comics for years. Werewolf by Night was published for 43 issues and ran through March 1977. During the series' run, the editorship could not resist the opportunity to assign one of their most popular writers, Marv Wolfman, to write some stories for the series with a playful note: "At last -- WEREWOLF -- written by a WOLFMAN."

Issue #32 (August 1975) contains the first appearance of the Moon Knight. Jack Russell co-starred with Tigra in Giant-Size Creatures #1 (July 1974), which was the first appearance of Greer Grant Nelson as Tigra instead of as the Cat. That series was retitled Giant-Size Werewolf with its second issue. Jack Russell was dormant for most of the 1980s. The character's appearance was radically revamped in Moon Knight #29 (March 1983). He guest-starred in various issues of Spider-Woman, West Coast Avengers, and Doctor Strange: Sorcerer Supreme. The Werewolf by Night was later revived in the pages of Marvel Comics Presents, where he appeared irregularly from 1991 to 1993. He made regular appearances as a supporting cast member in the pages of Morbius: The Living Vampire from 1993 to 1995. A letters page in an issue of Morbius mentioned that a Werewolf by Night miniseries by Len Kaminski and James Fry was in the works, but the miniseries was never published. Werewolf by Night vol. 2 ran for six issues in 1998. The series was written by Paul Jenkins and penciled by Leonardo Manco. After the book's cancellation, the story was continued in the pages of Strange Tales, which also featured the Man-Thing. That volume of Strange Tales was canceled after only two issues due to poor sales. In early 2007, Marvel published a one-shot entitled Legion of Monsters: Werewolf by Night, with art by Greg Land. In January 2009, Jack Russell was featured in the four-issue limited series Dead of Night Featuring Werewolf by Night, from Marvel's mature readers MAX imprint. The series was written by Duane Swierczynski, with art by Mico Suayan. He was featured as a member of Morbius' Midnight Sons in Marvel Zombies 4 in 2009.

A second Werewolf by Night first appeared in the third volume of Werewolf by Night and was created by Taboo of the Black-Eyed Peas, Benjamin Jackendoff, and Scot Eaton.

Jack Russell
While reports of lycanthropy (shapeshifting into a werewolf) in the Russoff line stretch back many centuries, the first confirmed manifestation was Grigori Russoff in 1795. Dracula slew Grigori's wife Louisa after he refused to acknowledge Dracula's primacy upon his return to Transylvania. Grigori then ambushed and destroyed Dracula, but was mutated into a werewolf by Lydia, a werewolf formerly imprisoned by the vampire lord. Grigori took a second wife and accounts vary as to why lycanthropy failed to pass to his descendants. Sometime prior to May 1930 Grigori's descendant Gregor obtained the legendary Darkhold scrolls, binding them back into book form. Reading lycanthropy's origins in the Darkhold under a full moon triggered the dormant curse, mutating Gregor. He further transcribed much of the Darkhold into Grigori's diary, essentially creating a Darkhold copy which he used as his own diary. Gregor sold part of his estate — including Wundagore Mountain — to Jonathon Drew, who shared it with partner Herbert Wyndham (the future High Evolutionary). The Russoff werewolf slew Jonathon's wife Merriem while Wyndham designed a suit of silver-coated armor to protect himself, enabling Russoff's capture. Russoff stayed with the Evolutionary who kept the werewolf safely contained for decades. Russoff eventually used the Darkhold to summon Chthon to cure him. The Elder God nearly broke through the earthly plane; Magnus the Sorcerer forced Russoff to banish Chthon, who lashed out and slew Gregor. The Gregor Russoff who stayed with the High Evolutionary seems to have been the grandfather (or great-grandfather) of Jack Russell. Having the same name and presumably using the same diary, contributed to earlier confusion.

Decades later another Gregor Russoff married Laura, the former girlfriend of his younger brother Philip. Jacob was born in Mediaș, Transylvania soon after, and Laura was pregnant with Lissa within two years of marriage. When lightning struck Russoff's Transylvanian castle during a full moon, the werewolf Gregor escaped confinement and began attacking villagers and ended up killed by silver bullets. Gregor's mother Maria was stoned and driven from the village, living with gypsies and learning magic. After Gregor's death, Laura found his brother Philip again (who had moved to Los Angeles and anglicized his name to Russell) and they married after a year.

Approximately 15 years later, the criminal organization known as the Committee learned of Gregor's curse and blackmailed Philip, threatening to reveal the secret. To protect Laura's name, Philip intended to pay them but had second thoughts and canceled, causing the Committee to send Max Grant after Laura. Critically injured in a car crash on her son Jack's 18th birthday, Laura barely had time to tell him about his true father and the werewolf curse. She made Jack promise not to harm Philip, before dying. Having inherited lycanthropy the night before, Jack slew Max Grant, yet blamed Philip for his mother's death for some time. Laura left Castle Russoff in Jack's name, but Philip sold the castle to Miles Blackgar who had it moved to an island off the California coast. Jack battled a motorcycle gang, infecting its members with lycanthropy.

Jack spent the next few years as a traveler, shapeshifting into a savage werewolf on the three nights of the full moon. He learned of the Darkhold from Nathan and Agatha Timly who briefly kidnapped the Werewolf only to meet grisly ends. Befriending writer Buck Cowan, Jack snuck into Blackgar's castle and stole the Darkhold. There he encountered Miles Blackgar and his daughter Marlene, whose petrifying power slew both Blackgars. After fighting off the deformed Cephalos' plot to drain his power to stabilize Cephalos' form, Jack had Father Ramon Joaquez translate the Darkhold. The priest died after being possessed by the Darkhold's former custodian, the 12th-century mad monk Aelfric, and the indestructible Darkhold vanished.

Jack encountered Joshua Kane and his brother Luther, who hunted the Werewolf and offered to prevent Lissa from mutating into a werewolf in exchange for Jack kidnapping billionaire-turned-recluse Judson Hemp. Jack met mentalist Swami Rihva who sought the Werewolf's blood to reveal the treasure map of the ancient sorcerer Kaman-Ru on his "Bloodstone", the possessing demon Krogg, and Spider-Man and Moondark the Magician.

Jack then fought the sonic-weapons of Sarnak, his first brush with the criminal organization known as the Committee, who wished to enslave the Werewolf.

After fighting the sociopathic Hangman (Harlan Krueger), Jack was entranced by Topaz, the familiar of the sorcerer Taboo, who sought the Darkhold. Taboo had used the tome decades before to grant his son Algon a golden touch, but had lost the book in mid-spell, trapping Algon in a mindless state. Lacking the Darkhold, Taboo transferred Philip Russell's mind into Algon but both Algon and Taboo died, restoring Philip, who explained Laura's death and reconciled with both Jack and Lissa. Traveling to Transylvania alongside Topaz, Jack discovered the Russoff diary/Darkhold copy, the Werewolf battled Dracula and the book was lost in the Alps. Jack and Topaz encountered the kyphotic Half-Mad before returning to the U.S. where Jack fought the Committee's Behemoth robot and then Ma Mayhem, assisted by werewolf Raymond Coker. Jack joined the newly mutated Tigra against HYDRA, battled vampires Louis Belski and Liza Pyne, opposed Ma Mayhem and her ally Baron Thunder, and joined Coker against Lou Hackett (a corrupt policeman who could also shapeshift into a werewolf by using a magic ring). The Werewolf joined the Frankenstein Monster against the Satanic Brotherhood of Baal who had abducted Lissa, then fought the disfigured Atlas and the Jekyll/Hyde-like DePrayve.

Jack briefly returned to Transylvania following Topaz's psychic summons and encountered Maria Russoff, who used Gypsy magic to raise zombies against the villagers who had driven her off. Maria sacrificed herself to save Jack from her zombies upon learning that he was her grandson.

In Blackgar's castle, the Werewolf, Topaz and the repentant spirit fragment of Taboo battled the necromancer Doctor Glitternight, who mutated Lissa Russell into a were-demoness. The process of curing Lissa also purged her of the threat of lycanthropy, though she would still pass it on to her children. After battling Morbius, the Living Vampire and slaying the demon worshipped by Brad Wrangle, the Werewolf was briefly transported to the divided dimension Biphasia by Satanist Joaquin Zaire where he aided Paingloss against the sorcerer Sardanus. During a subsequent ski trip, the Werewolf nearly slew Buck Cowan after which he was captured by the Committee-paid mercenary known as the Moon Knight, who set him free when he realized Jack's humanity and the Committee's intentions. The Werewolf then joined the Ghost Rider, the Man-Thing, and Morbius in unwittingly slaying the benevolent alien Starseed, who had intended to cure them all. The Werewolf, Topaz and others then battled and were nearly driven mad by the ghost of 19th-century black magician Belaric Marcosa, but they freed the trapped spirits of Marcosa's victims, who destroyed him. One of the grateful spirits, magician Gideon Blaine, healed Buck. The enigmatic Three Who Are All (the Hooded One, the Burning Snake and the Goat Child) — an ancient extra-dimensional group — sent Jack, Topaz, Raymond Coker and Brother Voodoo to Haiti, where the Werewolf and Fire-Eyes destroyed former group member Glitternight once and for all. In the process, Jack gained control of his Werewolf persona to the extent that he only shapeshifted under moonlight and still lost control during the three nights of the full moon.

The Werewolf joined with Iron Man against the Maggia's Masked Marauder and his Tri-Animan and he teamed with Spider-Woman against the mercenary the Enforcer. The mad scientist Dr. Karl Malus captured and performed scientific experiments on Russell to control him and use him against Spider-Woman; Russell escaped and apprehended Malus with the aid of Spider-Woman. Russell joined Spider-Man against the Tatterdemalion, a former agent of Sarnak. After being temporarily captured alongside a number of costumed adventurers by the Locksmith and Tick-Tock, Russell began mutating into a more savage and lupine form, a late effect from Malus' treatment. He fled Satanists Morning Star (Schuyler Belial) and his Left Hand Path, who wished to use his blood to mutate into werewolves, then sought aid from the now-human Michael Morbius in controlling his savage self, leading to a battle with the West Coast Avengers. With assistance from Iron Man, he later saved Lissa from Morgan Le Fay's attempt to possess her. He was subsequently mind-controlled into joining the mostly-criminal Night Shift by Dansen Macabre. Russell was the only member who knew their leader, the Shroud, was using the group to oppose other criminals and to prevent them from harming innocents. After encounters with Captain America, the Moon Knight and the Avengers, the Werewolf eventually developed resistance to Macabre's powers and turned on the Night Shift, after which he went solo. After briefly battling the Hulk in the Midwest, Jack contacted his father Gregor's spirit to cure his lycanthropy, but was told that he would die unless he accepted his beast. During the ensuing battle with the religious zealot Silver Dagger and the Braineaters, a cult of werewolves mutated in the past by Russell, Jack fully accepted his wolf-self and his personae merged, altering his powers and granting him full control and the best of both selves.

Russell assisted Doctor Strange against the alien Possessors, the Night Shift against an L.A. street gang and the Ghost Rider against a new group of Braineaters; Jack battles with Sabretooth but before Jack can kill Sabretooth three locals show up with rifles and save Sabretooth by shooting at Jack. and fought an unidentified Wendigo in Canada. Russell was captured by criminal scientist Nightshade who used his blood to create the Night Patrol, a group of werewolves in Starkesboro, Massachusetts. Captain America - also mutated into a werewolf - freed Russell and led the werewolves to defeat Nightshade's master, Dredmund the Druid, who had used the Godstone (the former gem of the Man-Wolf) to briefly mutate into the powerful Starwolf. The Night Patrol was cured, after which Russell was drawn into a conflict involving the Midnight Sons and was slain by Switchblade (the insane Darkhold-powered Blade), but Jack was revived once Professor Louise Hastings broke Switchblade's spell. Russell befriended the again pseudo-vampiric (and now demon-possessed) Morbius, had a vision of advertisements on the moon causing mass insanity and fought the Lilin Goblins, Mr. Hyde and the sadist Morphine. Jack had an affair with Morbius' possessed former girlfriend Martine Bancroft.

Jack again began losing control of the Werewolf, locking himself in a cage while under the full moons, and even glimpsing visions of Hell as he shapeshifted. From the Cult of the Third Moon's dying leader, Walter Clark, Russell learned that only the legendary Wolfblade could control his lupine self. With the aid of Smedley, a mysterious benefactor, Russell recovered all three parts of the Wolfblade, battled the original Wolf Demon in a branch of Hell, completed the puzzle by reaccepting both selves and seemingly regained control. However, after Jack visited friends Freddie and the disfigured Lump, Smedley sent him to investigate a series of killings in which the evidence pointed to Jack as the killer. As Russell began to mutate further, Smedley said Jack just had not been careful enough in his wish to be freed from the Wolf Demon and that he must embrace the disease, or it would destroy him. Uncertain how to accomplish this, Jack found a confidant in the Lump, who cared for the Werewolf as he hid out in the sewers. While Jack's new girlfriend, Roxanna, remained blissfully unaware of his dual existence, the Werewolf was tracked down by a pair of detectives, escaping only after they were slain by the Cult of the Third Moon. Though Jack's subsequent fate is unknown, he was later seen sensing the arrival of the mystic assassin Hellphyr. In the Legion of Monsters: Werewolf by Night one-shot, Jack Russell came to Salvage, Alabama to save a family of law-abiding werewolves from a group of townsfolk led by Cal Escher. Young Rhonda was the only one left in the family after her mother and her sister Suzie chose death by gun or knife. The girl was drowning her sorrows in Sullivan's bar next to the cemetery when the gang attacked her, revealing her werewolf nature by means of a tarot card ("The Moon") and then trying to kill her. Russell interfered, mutating into the Werewolf while Rhonda decided to do the same. After killing the violent gang, Russell and Rhonda left the town, determined to control their afflictions and live their lives without fear. The Moon Knight rescues Jack from a criminal enterprise wherein samples of his blood are used to temporarily mutate homeless people into pseudo-werewolves, who are then provoked into fighting each other as a spectator sport. The Moon Knight frees Jack, who has degenerated into a near-mindless feral state, from his captors; the Werewolf proceeds to go on a rampage, attacking both his tormentors and the Moon Knight, who subdues him before restoring his freedom to him.

The Werewolf appears as part of the new Midnight Sons team to hunt down zombies who escaped A.R.M.O.R. headquarters and prevent the contagion from spreading. Prior to the team's mission, he records a video will and testament telling his sister that he is happy in life. He was given a vaccine developed by Morbius, the Living Vampire. In their search for the missing zombie Deadpool, the team battles and kills zombie Men-Fish and their leader, the Piranha. After battling the Hood's Night Shift and watching ally the Man-Thing seemingly die in a battle against Deadpool, Russell's vaccine fails him and he becomes a zombie. He then confronts Jennifer Kale. He battles Morbius, who realizes that Jack's werewolf form is not subject to the virus, and Jennifer Kale summons a moonlight spell to mutate him into the Werewolf. Jack is later restored to normal by Morbius, who developed a cure for the zombie virus using Spider-Man's blood and samples of the zombie virus from different realities. After the death of Frank Castle, Morbius pieces the Punisher together again and enlists his help in saving monsters from extinction. Jack Russell, the Man-Thing and the Living Mummy are part of the Legion of Monsters, who fight those who would wipe out all monsters. The Punisher aids this group in protecting an underground city that has many innocent, sentient monsters. Russell appears among many mystical beings of lupine and feline nature drawn to the headquarters of X-Factor Investigations by the imminent birth of the mutant Wolfsbane's child. While many of the gathered beings wish to acquire the child for their own ends, Russell seems intent on protecting mother and child. Once the child is born, it is rejected by a shaken Wolfsbane due to its vicious, feral nature and her own religious beliefs. The cub appears to be caught up in a convergence of the mystic forces seeking it, vanishing explosively from the Earth; however, Russell finds the child hiding in a cave and takes it under his care. Deadpool later discovered that Russell had an affair with his wife Shiklah. Deadpool then promptly blew off Jack's head with a blunderbuss, but Shiklah revealed that Jack would survive.

Jake Gomez
Jake Gomez is a boy of Hopi descent who underwent his first werewolf transformation at the age of 13 due to a curse in his family. He was able to get control over his werewolf form with the help of his grandmother Rora and his friend Molly where the music helped with controlling his emotions unlike how Jake's father operated. Jake first appeared when hunters were hunting rabbits on Hopi tribal lands and fought them off. Rora advised him to be careful in the mission at Life Pharmaceuticals where he worked in the day due to the government going after teenage superheroes. Jake attacks two vehicles leaving Life Pharmaceuticals and finds that one of them contains the people who have gone missing from the Rez in the past month. He is then confronted by three monstrous figures with cybernetic parts on them.

Powers and abilities
Jack Russell is a descendant of the mystically altered offshoot of humans known as Lycanthropes. During the night of the full moon and the two nights surrounding it he is forced to mutate into a werewolf, a large, powerful form which is a hybrid of human and wolf, and loses his human intellect. Through a series of events, he is also capable of mutating voluntarily outside of the full moon, at which time he remains in control of himself. As a werewolf, Jack gains the proportionate physical advantages of a nearly 7 ft wolf. In this form, he possesses superhuman strength, speed, stamina, durability, agility, reflexes, and acute senses. He possesses a superhuman sense of smell, which carries over to his human form. He has razor-sharp teeth and claws that are able to rend light metals. The Werewolf is resistant to many forms of conventional injury and very difficult to kill by conventional means. Though he can be severely wounded, his accelerated healing factor allows him to recover from non-fatal wounds much faster than a human would. He is vulnerable to magical attacks and, like all werewolves, he can be killed by weapons made of silver, due to its inherent mystical "purity."

Jake Gomez has the same transformation abilities as Jack Russell.

Critical response
Martyn Warren of Screen Rant included Jack Russell in their "Top 10 Werewolves In Comics" list, while George Chrysostomou ranked him 5th in their "Marvel Comics: 10 Most Powerful Werewolves" list. Comic Book Resources ranked the Jack Russell 2nd in their "10 Best Members Of Marvel's Legion Of Monsters" list, 2nd in their "10 Strongest Moon Knight Villains" list, 6th in their "10 Best Wolf-Inspired Characters in Comics" list, 8th in their "Scariest Comic Book Werewolves" list, and 9th in their "10 Most Powerful Members of Marvel’s Midnight Sons" list. Marc Buxton of Den of Geek ranked the Jack Russell incarnation of Werewolf 6th in their "Marvel’s 31 Best Monsters" list, writing, "Who ever thought a werewolf named Jack Russell could be so awesome? Werewolf by Night was part of the Marvel monster surge of the early ’70s and remains one of Marvel’s most heroic classic monsters."

Mick Joest of CinemaBlend included Jake Gomez in their "6 Offbeat Marvel Characters The MCU Needs To Introduce" list. George Chrysostomou of Screen Rant ranked Jake Gomez 4th in their "Marvel Comics: 10 Most Powerful Werewolves" list.

Supernatural Tourbook and Supernaturals
An alternate version of Jack Russell appears in the Marvel Marvel universe in Supernatural Tourbook and Supernaturals.

Marvel Adventures
An alternate version of Jack Russell appears in the Marvel Adventures continuity. Jack Russell's family home is in Queens, New York. This brings him into conflict with Spider-Man after he reluctantly mutates the somewhat-innocent Flash Thompson into a werewolf. Fortunately, Dr. Strange's knowledge of lycanthropy saves Flash.

Infinity Wars
An alternate version of Jack Russell appears in the "Infinity Wars" storyline. When the universe was folded, Jack Russell got fused with Norman Osborn to create the Goblin by Night. Norman Russell was cursed to be the Goblin by Night, killed Ben and May Spector and nearly killed Peter Spector, leaving Peter to become the ArachKnight. During a battle with Peter, Norman got injured and got saved by his son, Harry Russell. While Harry was taking care of his father, Norman lost control and bit Harry, passing the curse on to him. Harry, now as the new Goblin by Night, starts using the glider that Peter built prior to him to becoming the Goblin, leaving Norman free from the curse, being forgiven by Peter and deciding to find a way to cure Harry.

Television

 * Jack Russell / Werewolf by Night appears in The Super Hero Squad Show episode "This Man-Thing, This Monster! (Six Against Infinity, Part 3)," voiced by Rob Paulsen. This version hails from an alternate reality populated primarily by monsters. After his girlfriend, Ellen, is kidnapped by an army of mummies led by N'Kantu, the Living Mummy on Dracula's behalf, the Werewolf by Night joins forces with the Man-Thing and an alternate universe-displaced Iron Man to rescue her. While they succeed in defeating the vampire and the mummies, they learn Ellen had been turned into a vampiress. Nevertheless, Werewolf by Night, Ellen, and the Man-Thing are inspired by Iron Man to form the Supernatural Hero Squad to defend their town from future monster attacks.
 * Jack Russell / Werewolf by Night appears in the Ultimate Spider-Man two-part episode "Blade and the Howling Commandos," voiced by Ross Lynch. This version is a member of the Howling Commandos.
 * Jack Russell / Werewolf by Night appears in Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H., voiced by Nolan North. This version is a member of the Howling Commandos. Additionally, Werewolf by Night's grandfather, Gregor Russoff (also voiced by North), appears in the episode "Days of Future Smash, Part 3: Dracula."
 * Jack Russell / Werewolf by Night appears in a self-titled Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) television special, portrayed by Gael García Bernal.

Film
A film adaptation of Werewolf by Night, written by Robert Nelson Jacobs, was announced and due to begin filming in 2005. However, no further developments took place since. The film would have featured an original incarnation of the Werewolf by Night named Jake Lightman.

Video games

 * Jack Russell / Werewolf by Night appears as a non-playable character in Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds and Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3.
 * Jack Russell / Werewolf by Night appears as an unlockable playable character in Marvel Super Hero Squad Online.
 * Jack Russell / Werewolf by Night appears as an unlockable playable character in Marvel Avengers Academy, voiced by Alec Hadden.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Werewolf by Night


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Mozart (disambiguation)

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791) was a composer during the Classical period.

Mozart may also refer to:

Family of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

 * Mozart family, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's family
 * Franz Mozart (1649–1694), Wolfgang's paternal great-grandfather
 * Johann Georg Mozart (1679–1736), Wolfgang's paternal grandfather
 * Leopold Mozart (1719–1787), Wolfgang's father
 * Anna Maria Mozart née Pertl (1720–1778), Wolfgang's mother
 * Maria Anna Mozart (1751–1829), Wolfgang's sister ("Nannerl")
 * Maria Anna Thekla Mozart (1758–1841), Wolfgang's cousin ("Bäsle")
 * Constanze Mozart (1762–1842), Wolfgang's wife
 * Karl Thomas Mozart (1784–1858), Wolfgang's and Constanze's elder surviving son
 * Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart (1791–1844), Wolfgang's and Constanze's youngest child, composer and pianist

Others

 * Mozart Santos Batista Júnior (born 1979), Brazilian footballer
 * Mozart Camargo Guarnieri (1907–1993), Brazilian composer
 * Marc Mozart, German songwriter and record producer, member of Mozart & Friends
 * Amadeus Mozart, one half of the UK Hard House duo Tidy Boys

Places

 * Mozart, Saskatchewan, Canada, a small hamlet
 * Mozart, West Virginia, United States, an unincorporated community
 * Mozart (crater), a crater on Mercury

Films

 * Mozart (1936 film), a British film about the composer
 * Mozart (1955 film), an Austrian film about the composer

Musicals

 * Mozart (comédie musicale), 1925 musical comedy by Reynaldo Hahn and Sacha Guitry
 * Mozart!, Austrian musical about the composer
 * Mozart, l'opéra rock, 2008 French musical directed by Olivier Dahan

Other arts and entertainment

 * Mozart, a meerkat in Meerkat Manor
 * MozART group, a music-comic performance group

Computing and technology

 * HTC 7 Mozart, a mobile smartphone
 * Mozart the music processor, a music notation program
 * Mozart Programming System, a multiplatform implementation of the Oz programming language

Transport

 * Mozart (train), a train service named after the composer
 * Mozart (plane), name of the Lauda Air Flight 004 Boeing 767 that crashed in 1991

Other uses

 * Mozart (horse), a racehorse
 * MOZART (model), chemical transport model of atmospheric ozone

title: Mozart (disambiguation)


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John Pope (naval officer)

John Pope (17 December 1798 – 14 January 1876) was an officer in the United States Navy during the American Civil War.

Biography
Born in Sandwich, Massachusetts, Pope was appointed midshipman from Maine on 30 May 1816. Prior to the Civil War, he served in the Mediterranean, West Indian, Brazil, African and East India Squadrons.

From 1 July to 24 October 1861, he was attached to the Gulf Squadron commanding USS Richmond. He participated in the search for CSS Sumter in the West Indies while on his way to join the Gulf Blockading Squadron, assisted in the blockade of the passes of the Mississippi River and took part in the engagement with Confederate States' vessels at the Battle of the Head of Passes on 12 October 1861.

He was relieved at his own request on account of ill health, was later promoted to commodore on 16 July 1862 and then retired. He died on 14 January 1876 in Dorchester, Massachusetts.

Namesake
Two ships have been named USS Pope for him.

title: John Pope (naval officer)


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User:TheFilz~enwiki

 * 1) REDIRECT to german

title: User:TheFilz~enwiki


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User talk:VCD

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has now been reverted or removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing in articles will be reverted quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. --JYolkowski 02:01, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:VCD


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Wilhelm Mohnke

Wilhelm Mohnke (15 March 1911 – 6 August 2001) was a German military officer who was one of the original members of the Schutzstaffel SS-Stabswache Berlin (Staff Guard Berlin) formed in March 1933. Mohnke, who had joined the Nazi Party in September 1931, rose through the ranks to become one of Adolf Hitler's last remaining general officers at the end of World War II in Europe.

Mohnke participated in the fighting in France, Poland and the Balkans as part of the 1. SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler. In 1943 he was appointed to command a regiment in the 12. SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend. He led the unit in the Battle for Caen, receiving the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 11 July 1944. Mohnke was given command of the Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler division during the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944.

While participating in the Battle of Berlin, Mohnke commanded Kampfgruppe Mohnke (Combat Group Mohnke) and was charged with defending the government district, including the Reich Chancellery and the Reichstag.

He was investigated after the war for war crimes, which included allegations that he was responsible for the killing of prisoners in France in 1940, Normandy in June 1944 and Belgium in December 1944. Although Mohnke served 10 years in Soviet custody, he was never charged with any crimes, and died in 2001, aged 90.

Early life and SS service
Mohnke was born in Lübeck on 15 March 1911. His father, who shared his name with his son, was a cabinetmaker. After his father's death, he went to work for a glass and porcelain manufacturer, eventually reaching a management position. He also held a degree in economics. Mohnke joined the Nazi Party with number 649,684 on 1 September 1931. Shortly thereafter, he joined the Schutzstaffel (SS) with number 15,541. Mohnke began with the rank of SS-Mann (private). After Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in January 1933, SS Headquarters in Berlin requested that all SS regiments submit three names of their best soldiers for transfer to a personal guard unit for Hitler. Mohnke was selected for the unit in March 1933. He was assigned to SS-Stabswache Berlin (SS-Staff Guard Berlin), which established its first guard at the original Reich Chancellery. By August, Mohnke was one of two company commanders. In September, the unit became known as the SS-Sonderkommando Berlin after the training units SS-Sonderkommando Zossen and SS-Sonderkommando Jüterbog merged with it under Dietrich's command. With the merger, Mohnke was transferred to the 2nd Battalion and given command of the 3rd Company. In November 1933, on the 10th anniversary of the Beer Hall Putsch, the Sonderkommando swore personal allegiance to Hitler. At the conclusion of the ceremony the unit received the new title, "Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler" (LAH). On 13 April 1934, Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS, ordered the Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler (LAH) to be renamed "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler" (LSSAH).

World War II
Mohnke took part in the Polish Campaign in September 1939. He was wounded on 7 September 1939 and recovered in the hospital in Prague. For this, Mohnke received the Wound Badge in Black. He was awarded the Iron Cross, Second Class on 29 September 1939 and the Iron Cross, First Class on 8 November 1939.

Mohnke led the 5th company of the 2nd Battalion of the Infanterie-Regiment Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler, at the outset of the Battle of France in 1940. He took command of the 2nd Battalion on 28 May after the battalion commander was wounded. It was around this time that Mohnke was allegedly involved in the killing of 80 British (of the 48th division) and French prisoners of war (POWs) near Wormhoudt. Mohnke was never brought to trial over these allegations, and when the case was reopened in 1988, a German prosecutor came to the conclusion there was insufficient evidence to bring charges. The case briefly resurfaced once again in late 1993 when it became evident that the British government had not revealed some pertinent files from its archives during the earlier investigation. However, nothing substantial came from this either.

He commanded the 2nd Battalion during the Balkans campaign, where he suffered a severe leg wound in a Yugoslavian air attack on 6 April 1941, the first day of the campaign. It was the decision of the medics that his leg would need to be amputated, but Mohnke overrode them. His wound was so serious that a part of his foot still had to be removed. On 26 December 1941, while still recuperating, Mohnke was awarded the German Cross in Gold. Mohnke returned to active service in 1942; he was transferred to a replacement battalion in March 1942.

SS Division Hitlerjugend
On 1 September 1943, 16,000 new recruits of the Hitlerjugend (Hitler Youth) born in 1926 took part in the formation of the SS Division Hitlerjugend, while the senior NCOs and officers were generally veterans of the Eastern Front. SS-Obersturmbannführer Mohnke was given command of the 26th SS Panzergrenadier Regiment, which was the second regiment formed in the 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend.

Mohnke was implicated in the killing of 35 Canadian prisoners at Fontenay-le-Pesnel, as part of the Normandy Massacres, albeit he never faced a trial owing to a lack of conclusive proof of his involvement. Mohnke told historian Thomas Fischer that, at times, he had to take strong painkillers, such as morphine, due to the severe pain in his shortened right leg (from his combat injuries in April 1941) but whether these things affected his decision-making process is not known. What is known is that his physical health affected his deployment. Mohnke was commander of the Leibstandarte's replacement battalion from March 1942 till May 1943. Then being "free enough from pain", SS-Obersturmbannführer Kurt Meyer talked him into taking a command with the 12th SS Panzer Division. This led to commanding the 26th SS Pz-Gren Rgt on 15 September 1943.

While the 12th SS Panzer Division was fighting to keep the Falaise pocket open, in which the division suffered an estimated 40%-50% casualties, Mohnke withdrew his Kampfgruppe (Battle Group) east of the river Dives. As the situation in Normandy deteriorated for Germany and the front was pushed back to the Seine, Mohnke was one of the few to lead organized resistance on the western bank in order to protect the river crossings there. Afterwards, Mohnke was awarded the Knight's Cross on 11 July 1944. He led this Kampfgruppe until 31 August, when he replaced the badly wounded Theodor Wisch as commander of the Leibstandarte (LSSAH).

Battle of the Bulge
Operation Watch on the Rhine, followed by Operation Nordwind were the final major offensives and last gambles Hitler made on the Western Front. The plan was for an armored push through the American lines, all the way to Antwerp to split the western Allies forces and buy the Germans time. Mohnke's SS Division Leibstandarte, attached to the I SS Panzer Corps, was the spearhead of the operation in the Ardennes. The fuel crisis in Nazi Germany meant that the LSSAH had insufficient amounts of fuel for the vehicles. On 16 December 1944 the operation began, with SS-Obersturmbannführer Joachim Peiper's Kampfgruppe leading the push to the Meuse.

By 0700 on 17 December 1944, Peiper's Kampfgruppe had seized the American fuel dump at Büllingen. At 1330 that same day, at a crossroads near Malmedy, men from Peiper's LSSAH formation shot and killed at least 68 United States POWs, in what became known as the Malmedy massacre. By the evening of 17 December, the leading element of the LSSAH was engaged with the 99th US Division at Stavelot. Mohnke's division was behind schedule by at least 36 hours by the end of the second day. The retreating U.S. troops blew up important bridges and fuel dumps that Mohnke and Peiper had counted on taking intact, further slowing the German advance. With each passing day, enemy resistance stiffened and by 24 December the advance was halted. On 1 January 1945, the Luftwaffe launched a series of attacks on Allied airfields but the operation was very costly for the Germans. They suffered losses which could not be replaced. By this time, the Allies had regrouped their forces and were ready to repulse any attacks launched by the Germans. The operation formally ended on 27 January 1945, and three days later Mohnke was promoted to SS-Brigadeführer. A short time later the LSSAH and I SS Panzer Corps were transferred to Hungary to try and bolster the crumbling situation there. Mohnke was injured in an air raid where he suffered, among other things, ear damage. He was removed from front-line service and put on the Führer reserve.

Battle of Berlin
After recovering from his wounds, Mohnke was personally appointed by Hitler as the Kommandant (Battle Commander) for the defense of the centre government district of Berlin (Zitadelle sector), which included the Reich Chancellery and Führerbunker. Mohnke's command post was under the Reich Chancellery in the bunkers therein. He formed Kampfgruppe Mohnke (Battle Group Mohnke) and it was divided into two weak regiments. It was made up of the LSSAH Flak Company, replacements from LSSAH Ausbildungs-und Ersatz Battalion from Spreenhagen under SS-Standartenführer Anhalt, 600 men from the Begleit-Bataillon Reichsführer-SS, the Führer-Begleit-Kompanie and the core group being the 800 men of the Leibstandarte (LSSAH) SS Guard Battalion (that was assigned to guard the Führer).

Although Hitler had appointed General Helmuth Weidling as defense commandant of Berlin, Mohnke remained free of Weidling's command to maintain his defense objectives of the Reich Chancellery and the Führerbunker. The combined total (for the city's defense) of Mohnke's SS Kampfgruppe, General Weidling's LVI Panzer Corps (and the other few units) totaled roughly 45,000 soldiers and 40,000 Volkssturm. They faced a superior number of Soviet Red Army soldiers. There were approximately 1.5 million Soviet troops allocated for the investment and assault on the Berlin Defence Area.

Since Mohnke's fighting force was located at the nerve center of the German Third Reich, it fell under intense artillery bombardment, which began on Hitler's birthday of 20 April 1945 and lasted to the end of local hostilities on 2 May 1945. Street fighting around the Reichstag and Reich Chancellery was bitter and bloody. For the Soviets, the Reichstag was the symbol of Nazi Germany and therefore of significant military and political value to capture.

While the Battle in Berlin was raging around them, Hitler ordered Mohnke to set up a military tribunal for SS-Gruppenführer Hermann Fegelein, adjutant to Heinrich Himmler, in order to try the man for desertion. The tribunal consisted of Generals Hans Krebs, Wilhelm Burgdorf, Johann Rattenhuber, and Mohnke himself. Years later, Mohnke told author James P. O'Donnell the following: "I was to preside over it myself... I decided that the accused man [Fegelein] deserved trial by high-ranking officers... We set up the court-martial... We military judges took our seats at the table with the standard German Army Manual of Courts-Martial before us. No sooner were we seated than defendant Fegelein began acting up in such an outrageous manner that the trial could not even commence.

Roaring drunk..., Fegelein first brazenly challenged the competence of the court. He kept blubbering that he was responsible to...Himmler alone, not Hitler... He refused to defend himself. The man was in wretched shape – bawling, whining, vomiting, shaking like an aspen leaf...

I was now faced with an impossible situation. On the one hand, based on all available evidence, including his own earlier statements, this miserable excuse for an officer was guilty of flagrant desertion... Yet the German Army Manual states clearly that no German soldier can be tried unless he is clearly of sound mind and body, in a condition to hear the evidence against him... In my opinion and that of my fellow officers, Hermann Fegelein was in no condition to stand trial... I closed the proceedings... So I turned Fegelein over to [SS] General Rattenhuber and his security squad. I never saw the man again."

On 30 April, after receiving news of Hitler's suicide from SS-Sturmbannführer Otto Günsche, Mohnke took part in a conference where prior orders were implemented that those who could do so were to break out from the Soviet Red Army ring. The plan was to escape from Berlin to the Allies on the western side of the Elbe or to the German Army to the North. Prior to the breakout, Mohnke briefed all commanders (who could be reached) within the Zitadelle sector about the events as to Hitler's death and the planned breakout. They split up into ten main groups on 1 May 1945. Mohnke's group included secretary Traudl Junge, secretary Gerda Christian, secretary Else Krüger, Hitler's dietician, Constanze Manziarly, Ernst-Günther Schenck, and Walther Hewel. Mohnke planned to break out towards the German Army which was positioned in Prinzenallee. The group headed along the subway but their route was blocked so they went above ground and later joined hundreds of other Germans civilians and military personnel who had sought refuge at the Schultheiss-Patzenhofer Brewery on Prinzenallee. On 2 May 1945, General Weidling issued an order calling for the complete surrender of all German forces still in Berlin. Knowing they could not get through the Soviet encirclement, Mohnke decided to surrender to the Red Army. However, several of Mohnke's group (including some of the SS personnel) opted to commit suicide.

Post-war
Following their surrender, Mohnke and other senior German officers from Kampfgruppe Mohnke (including Dr. Schenck) were treated to a banquet by the Chief of Staff of the 8th Guards Army with the permission of Lieutenant General Vasily Chuikov. At 10:30 pm, the Germans were ushered out into another room where they were confined under guard. On the following night of 3 May, Mohnke and the rest of the Germans were handed over to the NKVD. On 9 May 1945, he was flown to Moscow for interrogation and kept in solitary confinement for six years, after being transferred to Lubyanka Prison. Mohnke was then transferred to the officers' prison camp in Voikovo. He remained in captivity until 10 October 1955.

Mohnke's regiment was involved in the killing of three Canadian prisoners of war in Normandy in 1944. Mohnke himself was investigated by Canadian authorities, but was not charged. There was also a campaign by British Member of Parliament Jeff Rooker to prosecute Mohnke for his alleged involvement in war crimes in relation to the Wormhoudt massacre. Mohnke strongly denied the accusations, telling historian Thomas Fischer, "I issued no orders not to take English prisoners or to execute prisoners." After the case was reopened, a German prosecutor came to the conclusion there was insufficient evidence to bring charges.

Following his release, he worked as a dealer in small trucks and trailers, living in Barsbüttel, West Germany. He died on 6 August 2001 in Barsbüttel-Hamburg, aged 90.

Awards

 * Iron Cross Second Class 21 September 1939, First Class 8 November 1939
 * War Merit Cross 2nd class with Swords 3 October 1940
 * Infantry Assault Badge 3 October 1940
 * Wound Badge in Silver 15 September 1941
 * German Cross in Gold 26 December 1941 as SS-Sturmbannführer in the II./"Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler"
 * Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 11 July 1944 as SS-Obersturmbannführer and commander of SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 26.

title: Wilhelm Mohnke


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Talk:Joey Goebel

Is this person notable?
How is this person notable to be put in Wikipedia? The bio suggests starving artist phase. Pavel Vozenilek 02:03, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

He's published two novels which have come out in both hard and paper back. They've been published in 3 different languages and he's been interviewed in Der Spiegel. Over 100 people from around the country list Torture the Artist as one of their favorite works on Myspace. I believe he has a enough of a literary following to constitute a Wikipedia article.

--Twintone 18:03, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

 * This wasn't cribbed from his personal webpage or some some fan site, was it? ~ MD Otley (talk) 00:19, 1 December 2009 (UTC)

Grad School
Anyone know where Joey is in Grad school at?--64.107.94.17 22:11, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Torturecover.jpg
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 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
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title: Talk:Joey Goebel


text:
Amount in controversy

Amount in controversy (sometimes called jurisdictional amount) is a term used in civil procedure to denote the amount at stake in a lawsuit, in particular in connection with a requirement that persons seeking to bring a lawsuit in a particular court must be suing for a certain minimum amount (or below a certain maximum amount) before that court may hear the case.

Diversity jurisdiction
In United States federal courts, the term currently applies only to cases brought under diversity jurisdiction, meaning that the court is able to hear the case only because it is between citizens of different states. In such cases, the U.S. Congress has decreed in 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a) that the court may hear such suits only where "the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $75,000." This amount represents a significant increase from earlier years.

Congress first established the amount in controversy requirement when it created diversity jurisdiction in the Judiciary Act of 1789, pursuant to its powers under Article III of the U.S. Constitution, the amount being $500. It was raised to $2,000 in 1887, to $3,000 in 1911, to $10,000 in 1958, to $50,000 in 1988, and finally to the current $75,000 in 1996.

The use of the word "exceeds" in Section 1332 implies that the amount in controversy must be more than $75,000; a case removed from state court to federal court must be remanded back to state court if the amount in controversy is exactly $75,000.00.

Federal question jurisdiction
Congress did not create a consistent federal question jurisdiction, which allows federal courts to hear any case alleging a violation of the Constitution, laws, and treaties of the United States, until 1875, when Congress created the statute which is now found at : "The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States." At that time, such cases had the same amount in controversy requirement as the diversity cases. Congress eliminated this requirement in actions against the United States in 1976 and in all federal question cases in 1980.

Aggregation of claims
Where a single plaintiff has multiple unrelated claims against a single defendant, that plaintiff can aggregate those claims – that is, add the amounts together – to satisfy the amount in controversy requirement. In cases involving more than one defendant, a plaintiff may aggregate the amount claimed against multiple defendants “only if the defendants are jointly liable.” Middle Tennessee News Co., Inc. v. Charnel of Cincinnati, Inc., 250 F.3d 1077, 1081 (7th Cir. 2001). However, “if the defendants are severally liable, plaintiff must satisfy the amount in controversy requirement against each individual defendant.” The 5–4 decision in Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Allapattah Services, Inc., 545 U.S. 546 (2005), held that a federal court has supplemental jurisdiction over claims of other plaintiffs who do not meet the jurisdictional amount for a diversity action, when at least one plaintiff in the action does satisfy the jurisdictional amount.

Legal certainty test
The standard for dismissing a complaint for lack of meeting the amount in controversy is a rather high one in federal court. In 1938, Justice Owen Roberts set forth the "legal-certainty test", which is still used today:

"It must appear to a legal certainty that the claim is really for less than the jurisdictional amount to justify dismissal. The inability of plaintiff to recover an amount adequate to give the court jurisdiction does not show his bad faith or oust the jurisdiction. Nor does the fact that the complaint discloses the existence of a valid defense to the claim.  But if, from the face of the pleadings, it is apparent to a legal certainty that the plaintiff cannot recover the amount claimed or if, from the proofs, the court is satisfied to a like certainty that the plaintiff never was entitled to recover that amount, and that his claim was therefore colorable for the purpose of conferring jurisdiction, the suit will be dismissed."

The validity of the amount of damages claimed is considered a threshold issue of law for a judge to decide at the commencement of the case.

The legal certainty test is often heavily litigated in personal injury or wrongful death cases, in the situation where they are removed by a defendant to federal court on the basis of diversity jurisdiction, and then the plaintiff moves to remand to state court. Several U.S. states prohibit plaintiffs in such cases from demanding a specific amount of money in the ad damnum section of their complaints, because of serious problems with unscrupulous attorneys gaining undue publicity by simply demanding outrageous damages numbers that they cannot possibly prove at trial. Therefore, many such complaints cannot and do not state an amount in controversy on their face, which puts defendants in the awkward position of having to argue to the federal court that plaintiffs could theoretically recover a sum in excess of $75,000, while simultaneously maintaining that plaintiffs are not entitled to anything at all.

In state courts
Each state has the power to set its own amount in controversy requirements for its own courts, but every state must offer some outlet for citizens to sue for violations of their rights, even if they are seeking no money. Most states have several levels of trial courts, with different amount-in-controversy requirements which must be met to gain access to higher levels of courts. For example, in the state of Virginia, the lowest level of court, the Virginia General District Court has exclusive jurisdiction to hear cases where the amount in controversy is $4,500 or less, and shares authority with the Virginia Circuit Court to try cases involving sums between $4,500 and $25,000 for injury to property cases or $4,500 and $50,000 for personal injury and wrongful death cases. The Virginia Circuit Court, in turn, has exclusive jurisdiction where the amount in controversy is greater than $25,000 for injury to property cases or $50,000 for personal injury and wrongful death cases.

A few states like California have decided that it is more efficient to unify all trial courts so that judges and support staff can be more easily reassigned where needed. However, in California, nearly all lawsuits involving an amount in controversy up to $25,000 are classified as "limited civil cases," which are subject to special simplified procedural rules intended to hold down litigation costs.

title: Amount in controversy


text:
Step into Liquid

Step into Liquid (2003) is a documentary about surfing directed by Dana Brown, son of famed surfer and filmmaker Bruce Brown. The film includes surfing footage from the famous Pipeline, the beaches of Vietnam, and some of the world's largest waves, at Cortes Bank. The film was Dana Brown's first solo project.

Featured surfers

 * Robert August
 * Rochelle Ballard
 * Shawn Barron
 * Layne Beachley
 * Bob "Aquadoc" Beaton
 * Jesse Brad Billauer
 * Bruce Brown
 * Taj Burrow
 * Ken Collins
 * Peter Davis
 * Ami DiCamillo
 * Darrick Doerner
 * Richie Fitzgerald
 * James Fulbright
 * Brad Gerlach
 * Laird Hamilton
 * Dave Kalama
 * Keala Kennelly
 * Alex Knost
 * Jim Knost
 * Gerry Lopez
 * Rob Machado
 * Chris Malloy
 * Dan Malloy
 * Keith Malloy
 * Andy Matthias
 * Peter Mel
 * Mike Parsons
 * Lester Priday
 * Kelly Slater
 * Mike Waltze
 * Robert "Wingnut" Weaver
 * Dale "Daily" Webster
 * Larry Williams
 * Lee Williams

Production and release
The film made $3,681,803 at the box office in the United States.

The documentary is available on DVD, DVD-ROM (in WMVHD HDTV) and Blu-ray Disc. It was first released on April 20, 2004 and marked the final DVD release distributed by Artisan Entertainment.

title: Step into Liquid


text:
Form 1099

Form 1099 is one of several IRS tax forms (see the variants section) used in the United States to prepare and file an information return to report various types of income other than wages, salaries, and tips (for which Form W-2 is used instead). The term information return is used in contrast to the term tax return although the latter term is sometimes used colloquially to describe both kinds of returns.

The form is used to report payments to independent contractors, rental property income, income from interest and dividends, sales proceeds, and other miscellaneous income recipients to tax professionals. This has led to the phrases "1099 workers" and "the 1099 economy" to refer to those whose income is reported on Form 1099, in contrast to a "W-2 employee" who receives Form W-2.

Blank 1099 forms and the related instructions can be downloaded from the IRS website.

Significance for payee's tax return
Payees use the information provided on the 1099 forms to help them complete their own tax returns. In order to save paper, payers can give payees one single Combined Form 1099 that lists all of their 1099 transactions for the entire year. Taxpayers are usually not required to attach Form 1099s to their own Federal income tax returns unless the Form 1099 includes a report for Federal income tax withheld by the payer from the related payments.

The issuance or non-issuance of a Form 1099 in a particular case is not determinative of the tax treatment required of the payee. Each payee-taxpayer is legally responsible for reporting the correct amount of total income on his or her own Federal income tax return regardless of whether a Form 1099 was filed.

For a variety of reasons some Form 1099 reports may include amounts that are not actually taxable to the payee. A typical example is Form 1099-S for reporting proceeds (not gain) from real estate transactions. The Form 1099-S preparer will report the sales proceeds without regard to the amount of the taxpayer's "basis" in the real estate sold. (Basis is usually the amount of cost incurred by the taxpayer when he or she acquired the property, perhaps years before the sale.) The taxpayer's basis amount is deducted by the taxpayer (on his or her own tax return) from the proceeds amount to determine the gain (if any) on the sale.

In any case, the payee-taxpayer remains responsible for filing an accurate Federal income tax return.

Filing requirements
Each payer must complete a Form 1099 for each covered transaction. Three or four copies are made: one for the payer, one for the payee, one for the IRS, and one for the State Tax Department, if required. Payers who file 250 or more Form 1099 reports must file all of them electronically with the IRS. If the fewer than 250 requirement is met, and paper copies are filed, the IRS also requires the payer to submit a copy of Form 1096, which is a summary of information forms being sent to the IRS. However, 1096 is not required if 1099 form filed electronically. The returns must be filed with the IRS and sent to payees by the end of January immediately following the year for which the income items or other proceeds are paid.

The law provides various dollar amounts under which no Form 1099 reporting requirement is imposed. For some variants of Form 1099, for example, no filing is required for payees who receive less than $600 from the payer during the applicable year. For Form 1099-NEC in particular, businesses are required to submit a form for every contractor paid more than $600 for services during a year. This requirement usually does not apply to corporations receiving payments. See the table in the variants section for specific minimum amounts for each form.

The form is used to report income, proceeds, etc., only on a calendar year (January 1 through December 31) basis, regardless of the fiscal year used by the payer or payee for other Federal tax purposes.

Variants
, several versions of Form 1099 are used, depending on the nature of the income transaction.

One notable use of Form 1099 is to report amounts paid by a business (including nonprofits) to a non-corporate US resident independent contractor for services (in IRS terminology, such payments are nonemployee compensation). The ubiquity of the form has also led to use of the phrase "1099 workers" or "the 1099 economy" to refer to the independent contractors themselves.

In 2011 the requirement was extended by the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010 to payments made by persons who receive income from rental property.

Form 1099 is also used to report interest (1099-INT), dividends (1099-DIV), sales proceeds (1099-B) and some kinds of miscellaneous income (1099-MISC). Blank 1099 forms and the related instructions can be downloaded from the IRS website.

The following table provides information for each variant. Note that for those who have electronic filing of Form 1099 set up, the due date for the IRS is March 31 rather than the last day of February.

History
The War Revenue Act of 1917 required every entity to report certain payments made to another entity. Payments subject to reporting included payments of interest, rent, salaries, wages, premiums, annuities, compensation, remuneration, emoluments, or other fixed or determinable gains, profits, and income. Payments to an entity were required to be reported if the payments totaled at least $800 during the year. The payor was required to report the name and address of the payee and the total amount of payments on Form 1099 and sent to the Internal Revenue Service by March 1 of the year following the payments. The payor was required to include Form 1096, a letter of transmittal and affidavit certifying the accuracy of each Form 1099.

title: Form 1099


text:
Bad Wilsnack

Bad Wilsnack (until 1929 Wilsnack) is a small town in the Prignitz district, in Brandenburg, Germany. The former pilgrimage site of the Holy Blood of Wilsnack has been officially recognised as a spa town (Bad) since 1929. It is the administrative seat of the Amt ("collective municipality") Bad Wilsnack/Weisen.

Geography
The town is situated within the Prignitz historical region in the northwest of Brandenburg, roughly halfway between Berlin and Hamburg. It is located on the Karthane river, which flows into the Elbe at nearby Wittenberge. A few kilometers to the south is the confluence of the Havel and Elbe rivers. The neighbouring municipality of Rühstädt is famous for its high number of resident white storks.

Bad Wilsnack station is a stop on the Berlin–Hamburg Railway. The townscape is marked by the large St Nicholas Church of the Holy Blood and several timber framed houses.

History
Wilsnack in the Margraviate of Brandenburg was first mentioned in 1384. The town became a pilgrimage destination after being burned down on 15 August 1383 during a raid by the Mecklenburg captain and robber baron Heinrich von Bülow against the Bishopric of Havelberg. It was believed that after the fire some hosts were found to have survived, but had the appearance of being bloodied. The Holy Blood of Wilsnack was authenticated when the Havelberg bishop Dietrich Man went to consecrate the hosts as a precaution, and the central one overflowed with blood, according to later accounts. Reformers like Jan Hus and Nicholas of Cusa later discouraged pilgrimage to Wilsnack, questioning the nature of these wonder hosts and suspecting fraud.

The pilgrimage led from St. Mary's Church in Berlin to Wilsnack. Numerous pilgrims, among them Elector Frederick II of Brandenburg went to the rebuilt town to see the miraculous hosts; their revenues enabled the citizens to construct the large St Nicholas Church for their worship, a larger building than otherwise needed in the parish. The pilgrims who went to Wilsnack bought pewter trinkets to indicate that they had reached the site. These emblems were often in the form of three hosts connected together. Seen in numerous medieval paintings, the tokens have turned up in archaeological digs from the area. The numbers of pilgrims were said to rival those to Santiago de Compostela in Spain. Despite controversy, the pilgrimages continued until 1552, when the hosts were destroyed during the Protestant Reformation.

The story of the bleeding hosts was depicted in a series of woodcuts made during the Middle Ages. The town used the image on emergency money which it printed and issued during the hyperinflation crisis of the 1920s (Notgeld).

Local council
Elections were held in 2014:
 * 6 seats: FDP
 * 5 seats: CDU
 * 2 seats: SPD
 * 1 seat: Unabhängige Wählergemeinschaft Grube

Sons and daughters of the town

 * Wilhelm Harnisch (1787-1864), theologian and educator
 * Otto Reincke (1830-1906), jurist, (Reichsgerichtsrat)
 * Christoph Lütgert (born 1945), journalist and author

Individuals connected to the city

 * Karl Saur (c.1901 -1978), engineer and former mayor of Bad Wilsnack
 * Hugo Spieler (1854-1922), sculptor

title: Bad Wilsnack


text:
Junction Point

Junction Point may refer to:

 * Junction point, in the NTFS file system, a symbolic link to a directory that acts as an alias of that directory
 * Junction Point, New South Wales, a former gold-mining village in New South Wales, Australia; see List of schools in Illawarra and the South East (New South Wales)
 * Junction Point Studios, a former video game developer based in Austin, Texas

title: Junction Point


text: Category:Eastern Orthodox liturgical days


text:
User:Sholtar

Hail. I go by Sholtar, and this is my user page. I've been here officially since March 2005, and have made over 250 edits.

Leave me a message.

Play me a game of chess.

Quote
"It is amazing how much you can accomplish when it doesn't matter who gets the credit." -Harry S. Truman

Wikipedian philosophy
According to VeryVerily's Wikipedia philosophies, I am a moderate eventualist, a moderate statusquoist, a communityist, an anti-authorist, a semi-rehabilist, and a wikipacifist.

Major contributions
Cryptobiosis

Dummer's War

William Dummer

Emperor Shengzong of Liao

Sidney Rittenberg

Minmatar

Amarr

WikiProjects
WikiProject_Years

WikiProject_Mathematics

Rules of life

 * 1) Always follow rule 3 at all costs.
 * 2) In case of doubt, consult rules 4 and 5 and merge them with rule 1.
 * 3) If rule 4 fails, consult rule 2, or, in case of emergency, rule 1.
 * 4) Only follow rule 2 if rules 5 and 3 can be followed simultaneously.
 * 5) Never follow rule 3.

title: User:Sholtar


text: User talk:24.128.64.235

title: User talk:24.128.64.235


text:
Servitude

Servitude may refer to:

Persons

 * Conscription
 * Indentured servitude
 * Involuntary servitude
 * Penal servitude
 * Service
 * Service-oriented submission
 * Slavery

Property

 * Servitude (Roman law)
 * Equitable servitude, a term of real estate law
 * Servitude in civil law, a kind of interest in property

title: Servitude


text: Category:Religious biography stubs

title: Category:Religious biography stubs


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Goomba

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. —Korath (Talk) 02:04, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)

Goomba
This is very unencyclopedic. In the real world, encyclopedias don't waste money producing articles about moving pixels. It reeks of fancruft to boot. It's better to start cleaning up Wikipedia now before it gets overrun with gamecruft. I know a lot of people agree with me when I say this article is the perfect starting point. Setting a deletion precedent with this article will lead to a much more professional Wikipedia. Navid 02:18, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, mariocruft. Megan1967 02:46, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete C-list actor 02:50, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Gamecruft. Z26
 * Delete Wikipedia is not a junkyard. Y25
 * Delete Pseudoinformation. X24
 * Delete If this stays, then we'll never get rid of all the Pokemon-cruft, and Ashlee Simpson cruft. W23
 * Delete Not notable. V22
 * Delete Unencyclopedic. U21 — (All of these "votes" were submitted by User:C-list actor.)
 * Keep. There's a deletion precedent/policy for minor/major characters in media already, at WP:FICT. I would classify the Goomba as a major character/concept in the Mario universe; as such, this should be merged in with that article, but they are both already far too long for that. By the way, it's very hard to take this nomination seriously if you don't follow correct procedure – the article in question doesn't even have a VfD notice. android↔talk 02:56, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Like Android79 said, Goombas are a large part of the Super Mario games.—Boarder8925 15:20, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Like Missingno., this is well-written. Hedley 02:57, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This is a featured article, and the parade of socks only makes me more suspicious. Whoever this is, don't disrupt Wikipedia to prove a point. Oh, and keep, obviously. Meelar (talk) 02:58, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I agree with Meelar. It would be very suspicious if anyone votes delete on this nomination. A1 03:12, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Sockpuppet of C-list Actor, who is blocked. Hedley 03:21, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Agree with Meelar that it is already a feature Wikipedia article. It is the first bad guy appeared in an iconic video game and it has appeared in almost every popular Super Mario game. Freezie and Bunny Hood are gamecrufts, though. Too bad, those articles survived the VfD process. --Anonymous Cow 03:24, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I say keep.DS 03:32, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep.--Matteh (talk) 04:30, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep --Fuzzball! (talk) 05:06, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Obvious keep. Glad to hear the party responsible for this has been banned.  A featured article with a sockpuppet VfD vote is a first for me! - Lucky 6.9 05:08, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Wikipedia is not paper. Furthermore, this is a high quality article. Finally, the user who stuffed this vote was User:C-list actor.
 * Andrew pmk forgot to sign. —Korath (Talk) 13:16, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or merge. This kind of fancruft is not encyclopedic on its own. Very surprising that something like this can become a featured article. Martg76 07:56, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Since it was missing, I have added the vfd-tag to the article. This article is far too good to be deleted, although I am slightly surprised that a topic like this received featured article status. Sjakkalle 08:11, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This nomination should be removed because of the sockpuppet vandalism involved. N-Mantalk 10:07, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep featured articles. Delete the rest . :) —Korath (Talk) 10:19, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and raise the rest to featured article standard. Kappa 11:53, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep obviously. Army of (rather obvious) sockpuppets, featured article, topic has 87,700 Google hits, WP needs more articles of this size, depth, and quality, not less! Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  12:29, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Wikipedia is not paper, and article describes important part of the Super Mario world. Besides, nominating featured articles is disruption. They've already received a community vote of approval. Mgm|(talk) 14:14, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Featured Article status should be the only criteria for speedy keeping. -- Cyrius|✎ 14:23, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep obviously. C-List Actor appears an attempt at WP:POINT made anonymously by an existing 'Pedian; I believe an IP check may be in order. Radiant_* 15:18, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or merge, weakly. The fact that a notable delete supporter was not acting in good faith doesn't invalidate the action. It's unencyclopedic. Gmaxwell 20:30, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy keep. Trolling. Xezbeth  20:33, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Major character. Featured article. Zzyzx11 | Talk 20:34, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep! It's freakin goomba! Major character of a game series deeply engraved into many of our lives. The article is fantastic, as well. I submit that flagger is a doofus. --Asriel86 01:20, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I have little patience with fancruft, but this is definately worthwhile stuff. Indrian 06:10, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep The "real world" is what we're trying to improve on here. Articles like this are what makes Wikipedia superior to any "normal" encyclopedia.
 * Keep If you don't like the pages on video games, just don't read them. E-100 Alpha
 * Abuse VfD is not an instrument of revenge. Chris talk back 17:44, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Wikipedia is for all people, not just those who consider Video Games unprofessional. The reason Wikipedia is so great is that there can be articles that would never be in a "normal" encyclopedia, and I thinke there is room for everyone, even "fancruft".Weyoun6 00:46, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. Carolaman
 * Extremely strong keep. Andre ( talk ) 17:58, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep, featured article. K1Bond007 18:07, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, feautured article, original VFD by a sockpuppet, important concept in video games. Solver 18:52, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, perfectly good article. Would be a merge and delete if it was a single sentence, but one article developed this much? oh please. wS 20:16, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, this is a major character in a video games series that has sold hundreds of millions of copies worldwide. Mario, and Goombas are cultural icons, and this is clearly an attempted abuse of the VfD system, which is already busy enough with genuine complaints. --Hn 04:13, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn and unencyclopedic mariocruft. ComCat 06:32, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, merge with mario article. keeping this would allow for terabytes of info about every video game character ever made. uncyclopedic. Gazeofsorrow 08:50, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, They've obviously put loads of effort into this, and the Goombas are a large part of the Super Mario series.

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Goomba


text:
Oscar Lange

Oscar Lange is the name of:

 * Oscar V. Lange, US photographer
 * Oskar R. Lange, Polish economist and diplomat

title: Oscar Lange


text: User talk:66.60.142.55

title: User talk:66.60.142.55


text:
J. G. Sandom

J. G. Sandom (born December 19, 1956) is an American businessman and author, who co-founded the nation's first digital advertising agency, Einstein and Sandom Interactive (EASI), in 1984.

Life and work
Sandom grew up in Europe, passing five years in Rome, and was educated at Winchester College. In 1984, Sandom co-founded Einstein and Sandom Interactive (EASI). In 1994 it was purchased by D'Arcy Masius Benton & Bowles. From January 1997 to October 1999, Sandom served as Director of Interactive at OgilvyOne Worldwide, a division of Ogilvy & Mather. Sandom built OgilvyInteractive to $300 million in billings, and Adweek credited him with turning Ogilvy's digital offering around. From October 1999 Sandom served as President and CEO, and then Vice Chairman of RappDigital Worldwide, an arm of the agency Omnicom.

Sandom is the author of eleven novels. He writes novels for adults under his own name and has used the pen name T.K. Welsh for some of his young adult (YA) books. Ranked one of the Top Ten Children's Books of 2006 by the Washington Post, his debut novel for young adults Kiss Me, I'm Dead (originally released under the title The Unresolved), was nominated for a Young Adult Library Services Association 2007 "Teens' Top Ten", named a 2007 Association of Jewish Libraries "Notable Book for Teens" by the Sydney Taylor Book Award Committee, and nominated for the 2006 "Cybils" award. The Washington Post said that Sandom "writes with a precision and delicacy unusual for YA fiction" and called the novel, "a subtle gem".

Sandom's novel, The Wave, was reissued in June 2010 by Cornucopia Press. Kirkus Reviews said Sandom's characterizations of heroes and "stock bad guys" were drifting into caricature but lauded the story's pacing, concluding: "A story with enough manic energy to be worthy of a nuclear explosion and enough to render moot any structural weaknesses in its architecture."

Sandom, formerly CEO of Mnemania, Inc., was appointed Chair and CEO of Spring Holding Group, Inc. in 2024 when the latter announced its merger with Mnemania, Inc., combining Spring’s online direct cremation service, Cremstar, with Mnemania’s memorialization platform, MemoryBox, thus positioning Spring as a comprehensive provider of end-to-end deathcare solutions. Cremstar has been described as the #1 name in direct cremations online and was called the "Uber of Ashes" by the Philadelphia Business Journal. Unlike traditional cremations, direct cremations don't include embalming, a casket, or a formal memorial service. Today, more people are opting for cremations than traditional burials. MemoryBox is the nation's premier memorialization website and digital cemetery. Each Cremstar customer also gets an online memorial at MemoryBox.

title: J. G. Sandom