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Timothy Hines

Timothy Hines is an American film director, writer and producer. Best known for his adaptation of the H. G. Wells novel The War of the Worlds, he has a background in directing television commercials and short films. In 1999, he founded the independent film production company Pendragon Pictures with his colleague Susan Goforth. To date, they have produced three films together H.G. Wells' The War of the Worlds (2005), War of the Worlds – The True Story (2011) and 10 Days in a Madhouse (2015)

Writer & director

 * The Edison Device (1985)
 * Sunrise on Alphabet City (1989)
 * House of the Rising (1994)
 * A Midsummer Night's Dream (1998)
 * Bug Wars (2000)
 * H.G. Wells' The War of the Worlds (2005)
 * War of the Worlds – The True Story (2011)
 * 10 Days in a Madhouse (2015)

title: Timothy Hines


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User:Cryoboy/nForce3

The nForce3 chipset was created by NVIDIA as a Media and Communications Processor. Specifically, it was designed for use with the Athlon 64 processor.

Features of the nForce3
The nForce3 chipset features lowered latencies, increased design efficiency, as well as advanced technology, which includes Ethernet, Firewall, and increased storage.

Lowered Latencies
Using the HyperTransport linking technology, the nForce3 is able to communicate very quickly(8GB/sec) with the CPU. This benefits the CPU by reducing bottlenecks when using high-bandwidth devices. For example, the Gigabit Ethernet transmits at 256MB/sec, if the Ethernet were not on the chipset, the speed would be reduced to 133MB/sec, the speed of the PCI bus.

Design Efficiency
The nForce3 uses .15 micron technology instead of the normal .22 micron processing. This processing technology lowers the heat production in the chipset. It also is designed so that one board can support different variations.

Ethernet
The Ethernet supported by the nForce3 is called Gigabit Ethernet. This provides a tenfold increase in the bandwidth from Fast Ethernet. The Ethernet system is built into the chipset on the MAC, or Media Access Controller. This increases the speed of the Ethernet as explained in the Lowered Latencies section.

Firewall
The NVIDIA Firewall technology utilizes the ActiveArmor secure networking engine. This makes the firewall an on-chip function, reducing the overhead on the CPU. The firewall also uses IAM, or Intelligent Application Manager to provide application-based filtering.

Storage
The nForce3 supports the latest SATA technology as well as RAID 0+1 striping and mirroring. The chipset can accomodate up to four SATA-150 devices. The RAID technology is an important feature as it is responsible for the fault tolerance in the memory and the amount of disk space used. The disk mirroring creates a "hot standby" in case one of the disks fails. The disk striping increases the storage amount by arranging data in a certain way.

 * NVIDIA: nForce3
 * Anandtech: nForce3-250 - Part 1: Taking Athlon 64 to the Next Level
 * Anandtech: nForce3-250 - Part 2: Taking Athlon 64 to the Next Level
 * Anandtech: Which Boards Have On-Chip LAN?

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Cryoboy/nForce3


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Talk:Old Mother Riley

Wiki
umm so what else needs doing to it to wiki it?

 * I've made a few minor copyedits. Hope that's OK?  P Ingerson 11:54, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The article needs to cite its references or sources. --BSTemple (talk) 16:58, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with File:Lucan-mcshane.jpg
The image File:Lucan-mcshane.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --21:41, 8 February 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Old Mother Riley


text: User talk:82.211.102.159

title: User talk:82.211.102.159


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Talk:Towson, Maryland

This transportation section on Towson seems excessive. It takes up more than half the page. I don't understand why we need a whole paragraphs dedicated to streets and their traffic patterns. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mdlawmba (talk • contribs) 04:18, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

Calvert Hall College is listed as a college when, in fact, it is a high school.

Perhaps a new section should be made for high schools, including Calvert Hall College, Loyola Blakefield, Notre Dame Prep, et. al.?

Race and Gender / Statistics
Do we have statistics for the population in terms of race and gender in Towson?
 * Try the | Census Buearu, they should have the data from the last census, for the Towson CDP.--Boothy443 | trácht ar 05:45, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

The demographic data doesn't add up:

"The racial makeup of the CDP was 69.9% White, 7.53% African American, 0.20% Native American, 7.30% Asian, 1.9% Hispanic, and 0.60% Pacific Islander."

This only equals about 88%. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 164.51.143.59 (talk) 13:57, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

 * They have weird categories at the Census Bureau. Hispanics can be of any race, while people of multiple races sometimes aren't counted as either.--Loodog (talk) 16:03, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

Current Stats on elderly and disabled in Towson, Maryland
Would any one know what the current stats are on the elderly and disabled living in Towson, Md.?

DCMerkle

Potential copvio in "History" section
I just removed several paragraphs from the "History" section of the article, as the text was identical to this webpage. Don't know which copied from which (we've had the text since December 2004, other site is copyright 2006, but don't know when they started writing it). DMacks (talk) 16:28, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

Next time I'm in their office I'll ask someone. If anything, I think it's more likely they are using text from this page. Regardless, I cited the information to them, and they will likely be pleased to have another link to their page for search engine purposes. Mdlawmba (talk) 06:42, 12 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Comment: The text in question was uploaded December 20, 2004 by User:Jmboothe and was annotated at the time, Source: Historic Towson Inc. (see copy here). I've dropped a note on his Talk page (now User:Boothy443 to alert him to this discussion.  JGHowes talk  -  14:43, 12 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Just citing a massive cut'n'paste block of text doesn't make it okay. Without the writer's explicit written permission to include it, it's a copyright violation and Wikipedia doesn't permit it. There's nothing about the content that is specific to this writer of it (i.e., we're not taling about the group that wrote it), so it can just be rewritten in our own words and cite their website as source. Now if they tell us it's okay to copy it, then sure, it's great information and would be good to have (maybe needs some cleanup for tone, but whatever). DMacks (talk) 15:22, 12 December 2007 (UTC)

Strange sections
To the creator of sections that include lists of: libraries, schools, roads, etc...  Wikipedia is not a directory. The intent here is not to create "Lists related to Towson, Maryland", but to create an article filled with encyclopedic prose. For guidelines on city articles, please see WP:USCITY. For examples of good city articles, take a look at featured articles such as Boston, Massachusetts, Houston, Texas, or Ann Arbor, Michigan.--Loodog (talk) 22:00, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

Pronunciation
Since it seems to be such a very touchy subject indeed among locals and—possibly more so—transplants who pretend to be locals, would anyone care to add both an IPA and “normal” pronunciation at the beginning of the article? I would but for two reasons: 1) I am not sure it if it is pronounced “Towson” or “Towson” (you see where the confusion comes in?); 2) I have no clue how IPA works, but thought it should probably be there to conform with the rest of Wikipedia’s pronunciation guides. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.30.230.219 (talk) 20:26, 28 June 2011 (UTC)

 * If it helps, I believe that in Wikipedia's implementation of IPA, we would write these two options as and  (with $\langleow\rangle$ as in "low" and $\langleow\rangle$ as in "cow", respectively). Q·L·1968 ☿ 00:13, 27 February 2014 (UTC)

 * some people pronounce the s as a z..supposedly that`s how the towson elite say it but it`s my hometown and I`ve never heard anyone from there pronounce it like that..maybe heard it twice in 50 years and it`s not exactly a small town anymore...really just a pretentious invention...that`s been my personal observation anyway. 66.177.244.25 (talk) 01:24, 14 March 2015 (UTC)

I googled "Towson pronunciation," and every search result favored the pronunciation. 132.162.76.254 (talk) 18:27, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

 * It`s pronounced just like it`s written tow...rhymes with cow...son...as in male child or sun in the sky..trust me on this..I am local and I am old...a few years ago they started with the tooowwwwwwzzzzzzuuuuuunnnnnn pronounciation....sorta sounds like Tuscon Az but not really...it was strictly young upwardly mobile urban professionals who weren`t from there trying to sound upper class. 24.240.171.194 (talk) 02:59, 11 May 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Towson, Maryland


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blah blah blah blah blah blah —RadRafeT blah blah blah blah blah blah

—RadRafe T

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Talk:Otis Redding

Blues
Otis redding did blues-themed soul/R&B music in early-mid 1960s, like "these arms of mine", "pain in my heart", and "i've been loving you too long." So i added genre "blues" in this page. LSM1204 (talk) 15:35, 1 July 2017 (UTC)

Dock of the Bay
This article: https://getpocket.com/explore/item/inside-otis-redding-s-final-masterpiece-sittin-on-the-dock-of-the-bay?utm_source=pocket-newtab   claims that Steve Cropper was not present when Redding wrote the song, and refers directly to this  article as mistaken. I don't know who's right. Is there an expert or does someone have access to material that can solve this? HornColumbia  talk  04:20, 30 June 2020 (UTC)

 * Thanks for pointing that out. This one will be easy for you to fix. The cited source says, "He returned to Memphis and, with Steve Cropper, finished writing the acoustic ballad that would become his signature hit." So what's going on here is that someone summarized the source incorrectly. Binksternet (talk) 04:45, 30 June 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅ Ed [talk] [majestic titan] 05:04, 30 June 2020 (UTC)

 * Thanks (somewhat late) to Ed and Binksternet for resolving this. HornColumbia  talk  02:00, 8 October 2021 (UTC)

Johnny Jenkins and Isaac Hayes did not attend, fearing their reaction would be worse than Zelma Redding's
"Johnny Jenkins and Isaac Hayes did not attend, fearing their reaction would be worse than Zelma Redding's" This is near meaningless without information about Zelma's reaction. Barefoot through the chollas (talk) 22:23, 21 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Agreed, but the googlebooks view of the ref doesn't show the pages that cover that and my library system doesn't have that book., do you still have the Guralnick book from when you added that line back in 2011? Or do you remember the context, so it can be added to the article? Schazjmd   (talk)  12:57, 6 October 2020 (UTC)

Style
I just noticed the article leads off with this line - "He is a great singer in the history of American popular music."

Does that sound like encyclopedic style? Shouldn't this read something like "He is widely considered one of the greatest singers in the history etc etc", with sources? It doesn't even have any citations. Otis Redding deserves better :/

title: Talk:Otis Redding


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User:80N/sandpit/Election result candidate nopartylink

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Talk:Borough constituency

I note the article says a "borough constituency ... is a type of parliamentary constituency" but then gives details of expense allowances for House of Commons elections, Northern Ireland Assembly elections, Welsh Assembly elections and Scottish Parliament elections. I am confused by the use of "parliamentary". Laurel Bush 11:52, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC).
 * I am also confused - it may be because until recently the Scotish Parliament (at least) had constituencies based on the House of Commons constituencies but this was changed in the 2005 reforms. I suppose that each constituency is labeled borough or county but it would be nice to find out for sure and put the info into the article... Andreww 08:01, 7 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Explained. Morwen - Talk 11:14, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Borough constituency


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Aveiro District

Aveiro District (Distrito de Aveiro, ) is located in the central coastal region of Portugal. The capital of the district is the city of Aveiro, which also serves as the seat of Aveiro Municipality.

Aveiro District is bordered by the Porto District to the north, the Viseu District to the east, the Coimbra District to the south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.

The 19 municipalities of Aveiro District are split between Norte Region (Metropolitan Area of Porto subregion) and Centro Region (Região de Aveiro subregion).

Municipalities
The district is composed of 19 municipalities:

All 19 municipalities is divided into 147 freguesias or parishes.

Summary of votes and seats won 1976-2022
!rowspan=2|Parties!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S !colspan=2 | 1976 !colspan=2 | 1979 !colspan=2 | 1980 !colspan=2 | 1983 !colspan=2 | 1985 !colspan=2 | 1987 !colspan=2 | 1991 !colspan=2 | 1995 !colspan=2 | 1999 !colspan=2 | 2002 !colspan=2 | 2005 !colspan=2 | 2009 !colspan=2 | 2011 !colspan=2 | 2015 !colspan=2 | 2019 !colspan=2 | 2022 || 35.7 || 7 ! Total seats || colspan=12|15 || colspan=4|14 || colspan=6|15 || colspan=10|16 ! colspan=33| Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições
 * - class="unsortable"
 * - class="unsortable" align="center"
 * align="left"| PS || 30.8 || 5 || 28.4 || 5 || 27.1 || 4 || style="background:#FF66FF;|36.6 || style="background:#FF66FF;|6 || 23.0 || 4 || 22.9 || 4 || 27.8 || 4 || 40.2 || 6 || style="background:#FF66FF;|40.2 || style="background:#FF66FF;|7 || 33.5 || 5 || style="background:#FF66FF;|41.1 || style="background:#FF66FF;|8 || 33.8 || 6 || 25.9 || 5 || 27.9 || 5 || style="background:#FF66FF;|34.3 || style="background:#FF66FF;|7 || style="background:#FF66FF;|39.5 || style="background:#FF66FF;|8
 * align="left"| PSD || style="background:#FF9900;"|35.2 || style="background:#FF9900;"|6 || align=center colspan=4 rowspan=2|In AD || 34.8 || 6 || style="background:#FF9900;"|38.4 || style="background:#FF9900;"|6 || style="background:#FF9900;"|60.2 || style="background:#FF9900;"|11 || style="background:#FF9900;"|58.6 || style="background:#FF9900;"|9 || style="background:#FF9900;"|41.2 || style="background:#FF9900;"|6 || 38.3 || 6 || style="background:#FF9900;"|46.4 || style="background:#FF9900;"|8 || 35.7 || 6 || style="background:#FF9900;"|34.6 || style="background:#FF9900;"|7 || style="background:#FF9900;"|44.5 || style="background:#FF9900;"|8 || align=center colspan=2 rowspan=2|In PàF || 33.6 || 6
 * align="left"| PSD || style="background:#FF9900;"|35.2 || style="background:#FF9900;"|6 || align=center colspan=4 rowspan=2|In AD || 34.8 || 6 || style="background:#FF9900;"|38.4 || style="background:#FF9900;"|6 || style="background:#FF9900;"|60.2 || style="background:#FF9900;"|11 || style="background:#FF9900;"|58.6 || style="background:#FF9900;"|9 || style="background:#FF9900;"|41.2 || style="background:#FF9900;"|6 || 38.3 || 6 || style="background:#FF9900;"|46.4 || style="background:#FF9900;"|8 || 35.7 || 6 || style="background:#FF9900;"|34.6 || style="background:#FF9900;"|7 || style="background:#FF9900;"|44.5 || style="background:#FF9900;"|8 || align=center colspan=2 rowspan=2|In PàF || 33.6 || 6
 * align="left"| PSD || style="background:#FF9900;"|35.2 || style="background:#FF9900;"|6 || align=center colspan=4 rowspan=2|In AD || 34.8 || 6 || style="background:#FF9900;"|38.4 || style="background:#FF9900;"|6 || style="background:#FF9900;"|60.2 || style="background:#FF9900;"|11 || style="background:#FF9900;"|58.6 || style="background:#FF9900;"|9 || style="background:#FF9900;"|41.2 || style="background:#FF9900;"|6 || 38.3 || 6 || style="background:#FF9900;"|46.4 || style="background:#FF9900;"|8 || 35.7 || 6 || style="background:#FF9900;"|34.6 || style="background:#FF9900;"|7 || style="background:#FF9900;"|44.5 || style="background:#FF9900;"|8 || align=center colspan=2 rowspan=2|In PàF || 33.6 || 6
 * align="left"| CDS-PP || 22.5 || 4 || 16.4 || 2 || 13.5 || 2 || 5.3 || || 6.1 || 1 || 12.6 || 2 || 13.6 || 2 || 12.9 || 2 || 9.8 || 1 || 13.0 || 2 || 12.9 || 2 || 5.7 || 1 || 2.5 ||
 * align="left"| PCP/APU/CDU || 3.7 || || 7.9 || 1 || 6.8 || 1 || 7.0 || 1 || 6.5 || 1 || 4.2 ||  || 2.8 ||  || 2.7 ||  || 3.5 ||  || 2.6 ||  || 3.5 ||  || 3.8 ||  || 4.1 ||  || 4.4 ||  || 3.1 ||  || 1.8 ||
 * align="left"| AD || colspan=2| || style="background:#00FFFF;"|56.7 || style="background:#00FFFF;"|9 || style="background:#00FFFF;"|58.8 || style="background:#00FFFF;"|10 || colspan=26|
 * align="left"| PRD || colspan=8| || 13.3 || 2 || 2.7 || || 0.3 ||  || colspan=18|
 * align="left"| BE || colspan=16| || 1.3 || || 1.8 ||  || 5.1 ||  || 9.0 || 1 || 5.0 || 1 || 9.6 || 1 || 10.0 || 2 || 4.6
 * align="left"| PàF || colspan=26| || style="background:#00AAAA;"|48.1 || style="background:#00AAAA;"|10 || colspan=4|
 * align="left"| CHEGA || colspan=28| || 0.7 || || 5.6 || 1
 * align="left"| PRD || colspan=8| || 13.3 || 2 || 2.7 || || 0.3 ||  || colspan=18|
 * align="left"| BE || colspan=16| || 1.3 || || 1.8 ||  || 5.1 ||  || 9.0 || 1 || 5.0 || 1 || 9.6 || 1 || 10.0 || 2 || 4.6
 * align="left"| PàF || colspan=26| || style="background:#00AAAA;"|48.1 || style="background:#00AAAA;"|10 || colspan=4|
 * align="left"| CHEGA || colspan=28| || 0.7 || || 5.6 || 1
 * align="left"| PàF || colspan=26| || style="background:#00AAAA;"|48.1 || style="background:#00AAAA;"|10 || colspan=4|
 * align="left"| CHEGA || colspan=28| || 0.7 || || 5.6 || 1
 * align="left"| CHEGA || colspan=28| || 0.7 || || 5.6 || 1
 * }

title: Aveiro District


text:
Tim Heidecker

Timothy Richard Heidecker (born February 3, 1976) is an American comedian, writer, director, actor, and musician. Along with Eric Wareheim, he is a member of the comedy duo Tim & Eric.

He has also appeared in films, including Bridesmaids (2011), Tim and Eric's Billion Dollar Movie (2012), The Comedy (2012), Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018), and Us (2019). He currently co-hosts the parodic film review web series On Cinema and stars in the comedy series Decker alongside Gregg Turkington and hosts a weekly call-in show, Office Hours Live with Tim Heidecker, with DJ Douggpound and Vic Berger.

Early life and education
Timothy Richard Heidecker was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania, on February 3, 1976. He attended and graduated from Allentown Central Catholic High School in Allentown, and then attended Temple University in Philadelphia, where he met his comedy partner Eric Wareheim.

Television
Heidecker and Wareheim created, wrote, and starred in Tom Goes to the Mayor, a limited animation series that aired from November 2004 to September 2006 on Adult Swim. Heidecker plays Tom, the protagonist of the show who continually brings his ideas to the Mayor (played by Wareheim) only to have them thwarted in most cases, leaving Tom worse off than when he started. According to their website, Wareheim and Heidecker had mailed copies of an early version of the show to comedian Bob Odenkirk, who agreed to take on the project as the executive producer of the series and sold it to Adult Swim.

The duo's second show, Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!, premiered in 2007, on Adult Swim. They also created and starred in Tim and Eric's Billion Dollar Movie, and appeared together as debt collectors on the Adult Swim special Young Person's Guide to History and have made guest appearances in the movie Let's Go to Prison, as well as the Scottish video game series VideoGaiden and a Version 2 episode of Mega64. Heidecker also had a small role in the 2011 film Bridesmaids, and a leading role in the 2012 independent drama The Comedy, directed by Rick Alverson and also starring Wareheim. In July 2012, Heidecker starred in an episode of Workaholics. In 2012, he guest starred in Dinosaur Jr.'s music video "Watch the Corners." In the same year, Heidecker made a cameo appearance on the independent movie reviewing site, Red Letter Media. Heidecker appeared in an episode of the RedLetterMedia series, "Half in The Bag." The episode is titled "Season Finale: Step Up Revolution." Within the short sketch comedy, Heidecker plays a VCR repairman named "Tim". Shortly after his introduction into the scene, he flies through the ceiling and makes his exit from the skit.

Heidecker starred in a series of films for Absolut Vodka's website with Wareheim and Zach Galifianakis. In 2010, Heidecker and Wareheim directed a series of Old Spice commercials starring actor Terry Crews. Using characters and skits from Awesome Show, Heidecker and Wareheim (via their Abso Lutely Productions company) created an online-only show called "Tim and Eric Nite Live!," originally broadcast on the website SuperDeluxe.

Since 2012, Heidecker has hosted a parodic web series and podcast called On Cinema, where he and special guest (Gregg Turkington) discuss films from past and present. In 2013 an On Cinema Film Guide app was released, featuring the voices of Heidecker and Turkington reviewing over 17,000 films. Heidecker, Wareheim, Sarah Silverman, Michael Cera, and Reggie Watts announced on the podcast Comedy Bang! Bang! that they were starting a comedy YouTube channel called Jash.

Since 2016, Heidecker has hosted the podcast and web series Office Hours Live along with Vic Berger and Doug Lussenhop. It features phone and video calls with fans, comedians, musicians, and political commentators.

The duo's anthology horror series, Tim and Eric's Bedtime Stories, aired on Adult Swim from 2014 to 2017. A sitcom starring the duo, Beef House, premiered in March 2020.

On October 23, 2020, Heidecker released his first stand-up comedy special, An Evening with Tim Heidecker, on YouTube. Filmed in the style of a typical standup special, Heidecker's special is a parody of the format in which he deliberately plays a hack stand-up comic.

Music
Heidecker played in various indie rock bands while in Philadelphia. He made an appearance in the 2008 Ben Folds and Regina Spektor music video titled "You Don't Know Me".

Although Davin Wood composed the music for Awesome Show, Heidecker would sometimes sing and write lyrics. Williams Street Records released both Awesome Record, Great Songs! and Uncle Muscles Presents Casey and His Brother in 2008, featuring music from the first two seasons. Wood previously composed the music for Tom Goes to the Mayor, and he and Heidecker form the duo Heidecker & Wood. Inspired by 1970s soft rock, they released their first album, Starting from Nowhere, on March 15, 2011. The duo released a second album in the same style on November 12, 2013, Some Things Never Stay the Same. They cite the influence of Randy Newman, Warren Zevon, Harry Nilsson, and Boz Scaggs.

In 2012, Heidecker contributed a parody campaign jingle for Herman Cain's presidential bid titled "Cain Train". This was the first of nine songs which would eventually become a full album, titled Cainthology: Songs in the Key of Cain. All of the proceeds from the album's sales go to benefit the Violence Intervention Program. The number nine was chosen as the number of songs, and $9.99 the original price, in reference to Herman Cain's 9-9-9 financial plan.

Before the release of Bob Dylan's album Tempest in September 2012, Heidecker released a Dylan pastiche called "Titanic", spoofing the news that the album would feature a 14-minute track about the RMS Titanic. In 2013, he released two more Dylan parodies—"Running Out the Clock", inspired by Dylan's 1983 album Infidels, and "Long Black Dress", a song in the actual style of Dylan's album Tempest—and collaborated with the indie band The Earth is a Man on a cover of Dylan's "All the Tired Horses."

In 2013, Heidecker released the album Urinal St. Station under the Drag City label with his band, The Yellow River Boys. The lead single, "Hot Piss", was released in June 2013. Vice Magazine named Urinal St. Station as the best album of 2013.

Heidecker and Davin Wood composed and performed the song "Weatherman" which was used in the 2014 film The Age of Reason.

In June 2014, Heidecker and Wareheim released a 12" single, "Jambalaya", as Pusswhip Banggang.

Heidecker's solo album In Glendale was released in May 20, 2016, on Rado Records.

He released Too Dumb for Suicide: Tim Heidecker's Trump Songs via Jagjaguwar on November 8, 2017, a year to the date since Trump's presidential victory.

In August 2020, Heidecker announced Fear of Death, a concept album featuring members of Foxygen, The Lemon Twigs, and Weyes Blood, slated for release on September25 from Spacebomb Records.

Heidecker's sixth album, High School, was released June 24, 2022, on Spacebomb Records followed by a supporting North American tour.

Personal life
Heidecker is married to actress Marilyn Porayko. They have a daughter born in 2013 and a son born in 2016.

Heidecker joined the Democratic Socialists of America in June 2018. He has described himself as both an atheist and an agnostic.

Solo
Studio albums
 * 2011: Cainthology: Songs in the Key of Cain
 * 2012: Titanic and Other Songs
 * 2016: In Glendale
 * 2017: Too Dumb for Suicide
 * 2019: What the Brokenhearted Do...
 * 2020: Fear of Death
 * 2022: High School
 * 2024: Slipping Away

Compilation albums
 * 2018: Another Year in Hell: Collected Songs from 2018

Live albums
 * 2023: Live in Boulder

The Tim Heidecker Masterpiece

 * 2000: Working Vacation (EP)
 * 2002: Theatre of Magic (rock opera)

Tim & Eric

 * 2008: Awesome Record, Great Songs! Volume One
 * 2008: Uncle Muscles Presents Casey And His Brother (as Casey and His Brother)
 * 2014: Jambalaya (12" single, as Pusswhip Banggang)

Heidecker & Wood

 * 2011: Starting from Nowhere
 * 2013: Some Things Never Stay the Same

The Yellow River Boys

 * 2013: Urinal St. Station
 * 2021: Greatest Hits

Stand-up special

 * 2020: An Evening with Tim Heidecker

Awards and honors

 * Webby Award for best actor as part of the comedy team of Tim and Eric

title: Tim Heidecker


text:
Pallone

Pallone (Italian for an inflated ball, source of the English word balloon) is the name of several traditional ball games, played in all regions of Italy, with few differences in regulations.

Pallone col bracciale
Pallone col bracciale, or simply bracciale, was particularly popular throughout Italy and it was considered the most popular sport of ancient Italian national sports since the 16th century; its first official regulations invented by Antonio Scaino from Salò date back to 1555. This sport and its champions were described by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Karl Philipp Moritz, Christian Joseph Jagemann, Richard Colt Hoare, Jacob Burckhardt, William Wetmore Story, Giacomo Leopardi, Edmondo de Amicis, Giuseppe Baretti, Antonio Francesco Grazzini, Ottavio Rinuccini, Gabriello Chiabrera, Tommaso Grossi and Giuseppe Gioachino Belli. Bracciale was played also in France, Germany, Austria, England, Netherlands and famous Italian champions organized tournaments in USA, Argentina and Egypt. Where Angels Fear to Tread (1991) includes a brief film depiction of this game.

Balls are struck back and forth with a wooden cylinder, called bracciale, worn over the forearm: if carelessly played, a broken arm can result because a bracciale weighs 1 to 2 kilograms. Originally the ball was inflated, but now a hard rubber ball is used: this ball has circumference of 39 centimetres and weighs 350 grams (originally 750 grams). Scoring is by fifteens and tens, as in tennis, in this manner: 15 – 30 – 40 – 50 or victory of a game but early was 15 – 30 – 45 – 60; the team which wins 12 games is final winner of the match. A notable feature is that the ball is put into play by a designated server, called the mandarino, who otherwise is not part of the game. The receivers can reject serves at will. Pallone is often played on courts marked out on town streets.

Four kinds of pallone are now played:
 * it is played in particular sports venue called sphaeristerium, or in Italian sferisterio, 80 metres long and 18 metres wide with a lateral wall which is 20 metres high and permits the rebound of the ball. In this version each team has 3 players: battitore, spalla and terzino
 * it is played in an open playing field without lateral walls. In this version each team has 4 players: battitore, spalla and 2 terzino
 * it is played by 2 players versus other 2 players with a net (device) in central position of court
 * it is played by 1 solo player versus other 1 solo player with a net in central position of court.

Pallapugno
Pallapugno, or formerly pallone elastico, is a game originally played in Piedmont and Liguria with a bandaged fist. This sport and its champions were described by Cesare Pavese, Beppe Fenoglio and Giovanni Arpino. In the second half of the 20th century a championship was organized in California and played during various years. The professional Italian Pallapugno League is the top level of competition: in 2008 ten teams competed.

Each team has four players. The court, or sferisterio, is 90 metres long and 18 metres wide; the rubber ball has a diameter of 10.5 centimetres and weighs 190 grams. Scoring is also by fifteens and tens in every game, but a second bounce can result in a "chase" rather than an outright point, similar to real tennis; the team which wins 11 games is the winner of the match.

Pallapugno leggera
Pallapugno leggera is played in a court the same size of a volleyball court, but without a net. Each team has 4 players with 2 reserve players. A match consists of one set or three sets. This game is played in all Italian 20 regions and they dispute regular championship.

Pantalera
Pantalera or pallapugno alla pantalera is generally played on urban streets. The first action of every match consists of playing the ball onto a roof called pantalera in Piedmontese language. Other rules are the same as pallapugno.

Hit ball
This form was invented by Italian physical education teacher Luigi Gigante in 1986 and in 1992 started a regular championship. Each team has 5 players and there are 2 goals at ends of court.

Pallonetto
Pallonetto or pallonetto ligure al lungo is generally played on urban streets with tennis balls without covering felt. The playing field is long, between 60 and 90 metres, with a width of 18 metres, with or without a lateral wall. Players strike the ball using one bandaged hand in these version: Whoever wins 5 games is the winner of the match; other rules are the same of pallapugno. Other versions of this game are:
 * 1 player versus 1 player
 * 2 players versus 2 players
 * 3 players versus 3 players.
 * pallonetto al corto
 * pallonetto ai tetti
 * pallonetto of Chiusavecchia
 * baletta
 * ciappetta

Video

 * Pallapugno match

title: Pallone


text:
1988 in art

Events from the year 1988 in art.

Events

 * Opening of the Kiasma Contemporary Art Museum in Helsinki, designed by Steven Holl
 * Donatello's bronze Judith and Holofernes is replaced on the Piazza della Signoria in Florence by a replica and moved inside the Palazzo Vecchio.
 * David Hockney begins a series of paintings at his seaside home in Malibu, California.

Exhibitions

 * July – Freeze, Surrey Docks, London
 * September 18 until September 24 - White Room: Bill Albertini at White Columns in New York City.

Awards

 * Archibald Prize: Fred Cress – John Beard
 * Turner Prize – Tony Cragg

Works

 * Artists of Ramingining, Northern Territory, Australia – Aboriginal Memorial
 * Francis Bacon – Second Version of Triptych 1944
 * Gordon Bennett – Outsider
 * Wayne Chabre
 * Gargoyles (Eugene, Oregon)
 * Alan Turing
 * Drosophila Fly Head
 * Grasshopper (sculpture, Salem, Oregon)
 * Eldon Garnet – Little Glenn (bronze statue)
 * Rachel Joynt – People's Island (brass installation, Dublin)
 * Nabil Kanso – Dance of Salome (first series)
 * Chris Killip – In Flagrante (photographic book)
 * Judith Weinshall Liberman – Holocaust Wall Hangings (first works in series)
 * Richard Lippold – Ex Stasis (sculpture)
 * Paul Matisse – Kendall Band (sound sculpture)
 * David K. Nelson, Jr. – Mirth & Girth
 * Louise Nevelson – Sky Landscape (sculpture)
 * Éamonn O'Doherty – Anna Livia (bronze installation, Dublin)
 * Fred Parhad – Ashurbanipal (bronze, San Francisco)
 * Zlatko Pounov and Steven Lowe – Statue of Mahatma Gandhi (San Francisco)
 * Paula Rego – The Dance
 * Gerhard Richter – Betty
 * Susan Dorothea White – The First Supper
 * Christopher Wool – Apocalypse Now ("word painting")

Births

 * 12 September – Alireza Shojaian, Iranian painter

January to June

 * 19 January – Cesare Brandi, art critic, historian, and specialist in conservation-restoration theory (b. 1906).
 * 31 January – Nedeljko Gvozdenović, a world-renowned Serbian painter (b. 1902).
 * 3 February – Ronald Bladen, American sculptor (b. 1918).
 * 19 March – Isabel Bishop, American painter and graphic artist (b. 1902).
 * 28 March – Neil Williams, American painter (b. 1934).
 * 31 March – Georges Lévis, French comic artist (b. 1924).
 * 2 April – E. Chambré Hardman, Irish-born British photographer (b. 1898).
 * 3 April – Milton Caniff, American cartoonist (b. 1907).
 * 17 April
 * Toni Frissell, American photographer (b. 1907]).
 * Louise Nevelson, Ukrainian-born American artist (b. 1900).
 * 26 April – Guy Boyd, Australian potter and figurative sculptor (b. 1923)
 * 4 May – Stanley Hayter, English-born printmaker (b. 1901).
 * 6 May – Constantino Nivola, Italian sculptor (b. 1911)
 * 16 May – Charles Keeping, English illustrator, children's book author and lithographer (b. 1924).
 * 16 June – Andrea Pazienza, Italian comics artist (b. 1956).

July to December

 * 12 July – Julian Trevelyan, English printmaker (b. 1910).
 * 24 July – Mira Schendel, Swiss-born Brazilian modernist artist and poet (b. 1919).
 * 12 August – Jean-Michel Basquiat, American neo-expressionist painter, suicide (b. 1960).
 * 21 August – Ray Eames, American artist and architect (b. 1912).
 * 26 September – Marianne Appel, American mural painter and puppet designer (b. 1913).
 * 29 September – Charles Addams, American cartoonist (b. 1912).
 * 28 October – Pietro Annigoni, Italian painter (b. 1910)
 * 12 November – Primo Conti, Italian Futurist artist (b. 1900).
 * 25 November – Alphaeus Philemon Cole, American portrait artist (b. 1876 [sic.])
 * 2 December – Kimon Evan Marengo, Egyptian-born British cartoonist (b. 1904).
 * 30 December – Isamu Noguchi, Japanese American artist and landscape architect (b. 1904).

Date unknown

 * Reginald George Haggar, English ceramic designer (b. 1905).

title: 1988 in art


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Faqmagazine

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete moink 12:13, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

Faqmagazine
15 Google hits. Possibility this entry for a new mag is promotional. Lotsofissues 11:57, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: promo/vanity. Wile E. Heresiarch 05:20, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Wikispam, delete --nixie 03:46, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed. This is spam. 68.106.68.83

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Triple word score

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge and redirect. I have put merge notices on the tops of the articles but did not do the merging myself, preferring to leave that to someone more knowledgeable about Scrabble. moink 02:43, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

Double_letter_score, Double_word_score, Triple_letter_score, Triple_word_score
I can't believe we really need these. I would suggest merging into existing articles, but there's already an excellent exposition at Scrabble scoring examples. -- 150.203.32.254 12:02, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * LOL. Merge the lot of them. Radiant_* 13:30, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge all four into Scrabble scoring examples. Korath (Talk) 13:59, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect per Korath. I can't imagine the terms being used outside the context of Scrabble. --TenOfAllTrades (talk/contrib) 14:09, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Ditto (2+1+1+1+1=6, should have played Merge for 8) —Wahoofive (Talk) 20:43, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect TigerShark 21:35, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Scrabble scoring examples. -- M e r o v i n g i a n  (t) (c) 22:08, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect as Korath has suggested. NatusRoma 04:27, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect the whole lot of them.   — J I P | Talk 06:18, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Florence Mill

The Florence Mill, known later as the U. S. Envelope Building, is a former industrial facility located at 121 West Main Street in the Rockville section of Vernon, Connecticut. Developed in stages between 1864 and 1916, it exhibits changes in mill construction technology over that period, include a rare early example of Second Empire architecture. Now converted into senior housing, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Description and history
The former Florence Mill complex is located in Vernon's industrial Rockland section, on the south side of West Main Street opposite its junction with Ward Street. It is set on 6.4 acre of land between West Main Street and the Hockanum River, which historically provided its power. Its main building is a four-story brick structure, more than 200 ft in length, with a Second Empire-style mansard roof and an Italianate tower. To this are appended a number of later buildings, also built out of brick, with later industrial Italianate features.

The Florence Mill was built in 1864 to replace an earlier textile mill which was destroyed by fire. In 1881, it was described as the largest brick building in Rockville, and continued in the production of textiles. It was purchased in 1881 by White & Corbin, who expanded the building several times, making it the largest manufacturing plant in the United States for the manufacture of envelopes. The building was used for this purpose by White & Corbin and its successors (including the U. S. Envelope Company), until 1975. Currently, the building is used as an independent living retirement home and has 113 apartments.

title: Florence Mill


text:
Royal Command Performance

A Royal Command Performance is any performance by actors or musicians that occurs at the direction or request of a reigning monarch of the United Kingdom.

Although English monarchs have long sponsored their own theatrical companies and commissioned theatrical performances, the first Royal Command Performance to bear that name was staged at Windsor Castle in 1848 by order of Queen Victoria. From then on, command performances were frequently staged, often calling upon the leading actors from the London theatres, until the death of Prince Albert in 1861. There were no further command performances until they recommenced in 1881. These included plays, revues, comic operas and other musical theatre. King Edward VII called for several performances each year.

In 1911 a Great "Gala" performance was given by the theatrical profession at His Majesty's Theatre in London in celebration of the coronation of King George V. In 1912, George V and Queen Mary attended an all-star Royal Command Performance at London's Palace Theatre in aid of the Variety Artistes' Benevolent Fund, and the following year it was decided to make the evening an annual event.

1919 saw the first event to be named the Royal Variety Performance, and a variety of entertainment, including music (of all genres), comedy, dance, music-hall and speciality acts were included. The monarch or a senior member of the British Royal attends the event each year, and the event continues as a fundraiser for the Royal Variety Charity. The Royal Variety Performance attracts over 150 million worldwide television viewers annually.

Early history
As long as there has been a monarchy, kings and queens have maintained minstrels and jesters to entertain their courts, and these performances could be called "command performances". The history of the command performance as we recognise it today dates back at least to the time of Queen Elizabeth I, during whose reign the first permanent theatre was built. In addition, Elizabeth built her own theatre where she could watch plays performed by her own company of players. This was formed in 1583 by Edmund Tilney, the then Master of the Revels, and was known as Queen Elizabeth's Men.

Later British monarchs continued the tradition of sponsoring their own theatrical companies until the dissolution of the monarchy, with its subsequent abolition of the theatre, during the Protectorship of Oliver Cromwell. The restoration of the monarchy following the death of Cromwell also resulted in the restoration of the relationship between the monarch and theatre.

Modern British command performances
At the beginning of Queen Victoria's reign in 1837 the command performance was an established part of Britain's theatrical life. The first Royal Command Performance as it is known today is generally accepted to have been that staged at Windsor Castle on 28 December 1848 by order of Queen Victoria. The play was The Merchant of Venice, and the cast included Mr and Mrs Charles Kean, Mr and Mrs Keeley, Henry Lowe, Leigh Murray and Alfred Wigan. From then on, command performances were frequently staged, often calling upon the leading actors from the London theatres and their supporting casts, until the death of Prince Albert in December 1861.

There were no further command performances until they recommenced on 4 October 1881 with a production of Burnand's The Colonel. Queen Victoria called for a command performance of W. S. Gilbert's play Sweethearts (together with Uncle's Will) on 1 February 1887, starring Mr and Mrs Kendal. The great Shakespearean actors Henry Irving and Ellen Terry performed for the Queen in 1889 and 1893. In 1891, the Queen enjoyed two performances by the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company of Gilbert and Sullivan operas, namely The Gondoliers on 6 March 1891 at Windsor Castle and The Mikado on 4 September 1891 at Balmoral. Performances of operas by the Royal Opera Company and the Carl Rosa Opera Company were given on several occasions in the 1890s for Victoria.

On 21 July 1896 the first Royal Command Film Performance was held at Marlborough House. The film showed the Prince and Princess of Wales visiting the Cardiff Exhibition. When Birt Acres, the cinematographer, requested permission to show the film to the general public the Prince asked to see it himself before agreeing. The film was screened before forty royal guests in a specially erected marquee along with a collection of other short films. King Edward VII called for several performances per year. These included Quality Street by the company of husband and wife stars Ellaline Terriss and Seymour Hicks and plays by Sir Charles Wyndham's company and Arthur Bourchier's company. Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree's company played for both Victoria and Edward during their respective reigns.

On 27 June 1911 a Great 'Gala' performance was given by the theatrical profession at His Majesty's Theatre in London in celebration of the coronation of King George V. The proceeds from this event were used to found the 'King George's Pension Fund for Actors and Actresses'. A second Royal Command Performance was held on 1 July 1912, featuring many of the leading stars of the theatre and music halls, in aid of the Variety Artistes' Benevolent Fund, now the Royal Variety Charity. From 1913, it was decided to make this a regular annual 'all-star' event to continue contributing to the fund. The 1913 show was a production of the Dion Boucicault comedy London Assurance at St James's Theatre on 27 June 1913 and raised £1,093. These events are now called Royal Variety Performances.

1919 saw the first event to be named the Royal Variety Performance. The reason for the name change followed desire from Buckingham Palace that the show should 'clearly reflect all areas of show business popular amongst the masses of the time'. Hence, a variety of entertainment, including music (of all genres), comedy, dance, music-hall and speciality acts, rather than for it be incorrectly perceived as one reflecting the Royal Family's own specific choice of artistes.

King George V became patron of the Royal Variety Charity in 1921 and decreed that the monarch or a senior member of the British Royal family would attend an annual event in aid of the Royal Variety Charity and its care home for elderly entertainers, Brinsworth House, once a year thereafter. This tradition and fundraising event for the Royal Variety Charity, continues to the present day, with the Royal Variety Performance now attracting over 150 million worldwide television viewers, making it the longest running and most successful entertainment show in the world.

title: Royal Command Performance


text:
Talk:Pope Benedict XVI/Archive 9

Post replies to the main talk page, copying the section you are replying to if necessary. (See How to archive a talk page.)

This archive covers from 13 May to May 16.

Archive
Sorry folks about the archive. The page was about 118 kb, and needed to be archived. I don't really have time to create subject-specific archives now, but if anyone wants to, feel free. Thanks, Bratsche talk random 03:23, May 10, 2005 (UTC)

When you can, please can you make one for the Question of the Law , as it keeps recurring ,  called Pope Question. What is really needed  is  to refer links to the plethora of more thorough questioning and commentary  on the actual  article page  but  I do not wish a revert war at that level ......hence all discussions are lengthy  only to overcome  POV resistance. Of course ,I deny that I am POV. The wikipedia actually cannot contain the disperse information on the edge  and everywhere  and  non-POV /POV link inclusion would save all the proving, disproving. The wikipedia needs  to provide the directory to elsewhere with a balanced advisory guide  as to the various POV  but it is rather an uphill struggle, Cerberus the hound seems to have the doors covered  always. Discussion is perhaps educative but, more   tedious  and combative  as it gets more  controversial between POV and  POV. Certainly with archiving it warrants even less effort so the greatest interval  possible is required .Flamekeeper 22:07, 13 May 2005 (UTC)

Talk:Pope Pius XII
I have taken the liberty of deleting the long topic being repeatedly copied from the Talk:Pope Pius XII page. Conf 21:25, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

 * And I take the liberty of inserting this relevant statement by user John}}[[K "Trying to find some perspective on this subject, I looked at Priests, Prelates and People: A History of European Catholicism since 1750 by Nicholas Atkin and Frank Tallett, published by Oxford University Press in 2003. This can surely stand in as a relatively authoritative source. Looking at it, I will admit that the basic substance of Flamekeeper's accusations seems to be supported by Atkin and Tallett's narrative - Pius XI and Pacelli were willing to acquiesce in the Centre Party's demise as a quid pro quo in return for the Concordat, and Kaas was, essentially, acting as their agent."

 * Conf, can you shed any light on posthumous excommunication, by any chance ? Flamekeeper 09:44, 13 May 2005 (UTC)

 * What has all this got to do with discussion about an article on Pope Benedict? Ann Heneghan 09:56, 13 May 2005 (UTC)

 * It has to do with Pope Benedict XVI's use of the term 'complicity with Evil' in 2004 and his being  the Prefect in charge of everything .The theological injunction comes from the Prefect  .  He is in charge of the above . But, were the possibility of excommunication to arise concerning the above  then the article would indeed have to include a report that would answer the questions raised . A first question would be that if a Pope could, because he should ( debateable)  , excommunicate a Pope (two here  in this case ) posthumously , then  would  the legitimacy of the living Pope not be called itself into question ? It is just as well that the Pontiff  is still the Prefect  ,or, maybe theres a simple way out . To assert that this is speculation  is contradicted by the Prefectoral re-iteration  and by the above authors , if the user:JohnK report is correct . Flamekeeper 13:59, 13 May 2005 (UTC)

No, I'm afraid I can't provide much knowledge regarding posthumous excommunication. (The other talk pages where connected issues arise are Talk:Centre Party (Germany), where the quote comes from, and Talk:Theology of Pope Benedict XVI.) Conf 17:19, 13 May 2005 (UTC)

Dear Flamekeeper. in this place you stated I had written "that it would be that a declaration of automatic excommunication would be declared under latae sententiae" At this time let me just state I did nothing of the kind. A fuller answer will follow.

 * Sorry- it was this you told me "The Church cannot excommunicate anyone posthumously. It can declare after someone's death that s/he had incurred automatic excommunication -- but that's not quite the same thing."
 * Your previous but one  sentence had dealt with Hitler  and latae sententiae.
 * "True, but Catholics argue that his actions and words would have incurred automatic (latae sententiae) excommunication."

 * Let the actual relevance of the law be the way forward, less my good faith. Eg: latae sententiae(automatic)? You can see that very minute  assertion in the  article would mitigate  this  quality of frustrated attention  we see . I suggest you yourself are well qualified to provide the rendering . You could create a viable section  perhaps on the Theology page  and doubtless agreement   would follow what  be  the  simple bases of the laws as  relevant to all the issues  upon this  current page .  [User:Flamekeeper|Flamekeeper]] 00:18, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

It is very difficult to focus the apparent controversies concerning the Episcopal failure in America in 2004 to follow the CDF Ratzinger line  when the Theology page is separated from the subjects main page. However there is much  remark that there was an episcopal rebellion  in 2004 in the U.S. against Cardinal Ratzinger's hardline CDF policy, including Avery Cardinal Dulles'  assertion  that the Church would risk opening itself to accusation that it was interfering in political affairs. The Ratzinger instruction or guideline for the U.S.Bishops is available on-line  as is the entire history  and everything except Ratzinger's own covering personal guidance to  Cardinal McCarrick  which he desired to remain entirely confidential and secret. There is in this subject ,known  in the U.S as the communion controversy  a revealing theological evolution, the suggestion that in Rome  juridical disquiet existed at the application of a  2002  text concerning divorced and re-married Catholics and communion  , to the issue of grave sin arising in the policies of the Democratic candidate Kerry. This is apart from the controversy concerning the effect on the actual vote, which is considered factually  as having been advantageous to the Republican Party. The theological differences are nuanced and  revolve upon the difference between public un-worthiness because of 'private' sin (as in marriage or abortion) and un-worthiness   on the part of a public figure, such as the  otherwise devout  John Kerry. In other words it returns to the Question of the Law (from Humanae Vitae) that I raised, to that which  Cardinal Dulles feared and that which   is of such  perfectly  scandalous historical record (see Pope Pius  XII etcetera ) that I foresee the above questions of Latae Sententiaeneeding equal inclusion with all the aforesaid. Flamekeeper 21:07, 13 May 2005 (UTC)

I take from excommunication.net 's Canonical action pages http:www.//excommunication.net/Canonical_action/Abortion_related_canons.htm in the Catechism of the Catholic Church.
 * canon 1336 section 1:Expiatory penalties can affect the offender either forever or for a determinate or an indeterminate period. Apart from others which the law may perhaps establish,these penalties are as follows part no 2: a deprivation of power,office,function,right,privelige,faculty,favour title or insignia,even of a merely honorary nature;
 * part no 3: a prohibition on the exercise of those things enumerated in no.2, or a prohibition on their exercise inside or outside a certain place : such prohibition is never under pain of nullity.
 * section 2 : Only those expiatory penalties may be latae sententiae which are enumerated  in section 1, part no. 3.

Other subsequent Canons refer back to  Canon 1336. above but Canon 1329 may refer to the  Question of the Law raised under  Pope Pius XII

 * Canon 1329 Section 1 :Where a number of persons conspire together to commit an offence, and accomplices are not expressly mentioned in the law or precept,if ferendae sententiae penalties were constituted for the principal offender , then the others are subject to the same penalties  or to other penalties of the same of lesser gravity.
 * Section 2 : In the case of a latae sententiae penalty attached to an offence, accomplices, even though not mentioned in the law or precept , incur the same penalty if, without their assistance , the crime would not have been committed , and if the penalty is of such a nature as to be able to affect them ; otherwise , they can be punished  with ferendae sententiae penalties.

Ferendae sententiae refers to instituted legal trial and judgement  whereas latae sententiae refers to automatic  penalties  incurred by the more serious classes of offences which '''do not require the judgement of a Superior judge. It would appear that 1329 relates to the situation of Pope Pius XI as opposed to Monsignor Ludwig Kaas and Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli (Pius XII).

With relevance to historical writers  terming  this  the great scandal of history it says in
 * Canon 1399:Besides the cases prescribed in this or in other laws, the external violation of divine or canon law can be punished , and with a just penalty , only when the special gravity  of the violation requires it  and necessity  demands that scandals be prevented or  repaired.

The details of excommunication can be seen at newadvent.com see [] and it is stated  that excommunication is the spiritual sword  and is not merely the severing  of the outward bonds that holds an individual to a place in the Church, but also  the severing of the  forum internum'' or internal bond  to the Church and the sentence pronounced on earth  is ratified in heaven  affecting and binding Souls. Prevention of abuse and thus devaluation of the sentencing confined the judgement to Bishops . In foro externoexcommunication has become defunct whereas  penalty in foro interno is  close to the subject of the above  American communion controversy. The penalty of excommunication is constituted as a medicative  measure, that is to require the subject to undertake corrective measure .There once was ( before 1884 )  a difference between ,however, this  minor corrective penitental measure , as  in the denial of the Sacrements   and real  major excommunication as in the sword. Since then major excommunication alone is used , and charged  either a jure( by law) or ab hominem ( by civil judicial act ).

A jure is the law itself which declares that  he that shall have been guilty of a definite crime will incur the penalty of excommunication at the offence  ipso eo and therefore relates to this case  of the law  raised in virtue of the actions of  1933 through latae sententiae. No intervention of an ecclesiastical judge is needed  if it is the case  as contested  under Humanae Vitae.

Contradictions ,in terms of time and how law presented by effectively excommunicated Pope's  can be quoted, follow , as all laws promulgated under those circumstance would exist in nullity and  therefore the relevant law would   have to return to its origin in Romans 3,8.

According to the Church a dead Christian cannot be excommunicated because at death the baptised Christian ceases to be a part of the Church Militant. A dead Christian can be censured and it be declared that during his lifetime that he had incurred excommunication, or , indeed , be absolved.

It seems rather contra-dictory, considering the former ruling which bound even the souls in heaven.

Relating to Pope Benedict XVI's teaching concerning the Protestant Churches it says that it (their effective excommunication) is not a question of personal excommunication but that their censure  overtakes them in their corporate capacity as members of a community in revolt against the true Church of  Jesus Christ.

In relation to prosecution in the offence of 1933 it should be relevant that there was a consummation of the offence, the full use of reason , sufficient moral liberty , and a knowledge of the law  and of  the penalty of the law ( [[Contumacy]].

In relation to defence in the accusation, a lack of liberty resulting from great fear ( of Communism ) will be more readily accepted as  excuse for violating a positive law , than as palliative for offence against the Divine Law.

To overcome the above problems of nullity with respect more to the conditions for the remaining faithful  than to the status of the excommunicated, a principle of severity as regards the excommunicated is balanced with a mildness towards the faithful. Inconvenience caused by the nullity of certain acts by the censured cannot be rigidly maintained, and , presumably less so  in this case.

The subjects should not have consecrated mass throughout their condition, and should not have received or remain in their consecrated burial. They could suffer total loss of Jurisdiction both in foro interno and in foro externo and the rendering as null of all acts accomplished without that  necessary jurisdiction. In such an extreme case the Church apparently would be  able to supply jurisdiction ( in retrospect?)Flamekeeper 13:33, 14 May 2005 (UTC)

 * If it's your point to delegitimize the papal succession by alledging Pius XI or XII incurred excommunication, you are mistaken.

The pope cannot be excommunicated. The pope cannot be deposed for anything, except for heresy by a ecumenical council, and even then it's totally unclear what would happen, since there's also the principle that noone on earth can judge the Pope. It'd probably lead to some strange version of sedisvacancy, at least in effect. This is all unclear, as it has never happened - and God-willing never will. Even if the pope had incurred automatic excommunication, or lost the "state of grace", that doesn't affect his authority, as according to universal Christian tradition, with only the early African church dissenting (see Donatism), that a priest's or bishop's authority to distribute the sacraments (including ordination) or the validity of these sacraments do NOT depend on the priest or bishop being in the "state of grace". (That doesn't mean this state won't have consequences for the cleric in question.) Str1977 22:28, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

 * With respect to the above Canons relating to consecrated burial, please see Cadaver Synod for a rather interesting, albeit macabre, application of church law. Just leave it to lawyers (either canon or civil) to mess things up. Sorry, I promise - no more attorney jokes.  Aloysius Patacsil 23:48, May 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * Good heavens! Conf 00:41, 18 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Phew! That'll save a lot of troube . Whatever you can prove ,you can prove and thus legitimacy may be  or is  safe . On  discussion with you now on the Theology of Pope Benedict XVI, however , is the regularisation (Censure) . The Church is not only historically out of step , remaining  at the stage of dishonesty about its Fascist collaboration , but is  weakening its  very Magisterium  or Divine Law through hypocrisy. There cannot be Divine law for the Church and another Divine law for society . The relevance of Christianity  is to mankind , not  to a clerical elite . They exist to administer this  'divine' truth and have debased it to the extent visible  on these two pages , on the Pope Pius XII article page and on the Centre Party Germany (as well as in multitudes of cemetaries and  as well as in  multitudes of  personal genealogical tables.

 * Readers if they are not aware already, should know that the open-source and open-exit  Wikipedia is now a battleground  for  faith-based wikipedians  who are constrained  by their religions  , as with Str1977 . Their canonical law requires them to act as they do , which is to plug every possible little hole in the great dyke of avoidance of Church loss of face. As the Church everywhere interacts with history , the battleground is visible on all sectors wherein the  Church  relates . I leave it to serious Wikipedians  to be concerned-it is tangential to this  particular legal concern . Get off your asses  wikipedians or , as  the Church is harmed by themselves , so will the Wikipedia harmed by the dishonesty  of its' own wikipedians . It's true - Str1977, you are very good but it is faith-based editing not pure  history  that you are good at.

 * Surely, you are referring to dike as opposed to dyke? Just checking.  Aloysius Patacsil 23:50, May 17, 2005 (UTC)

Josef or Joseph
I can't see where this is discussed, but the Vatican website (German section) spells his name as "Joseph". Kind regards, jguk 09:27, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

 * The vatican calls him "Joseph" and a google search indicates that "Joseph" is how it's spelled on Geramn sites as well. Jeltz talk  12:52, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

 * But this CNN article notes that the car registration says "Josef Kardinal Ratzinger" VViki 05:36, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Is that how he wrote his name, or just the way some random car registry bureaucrat wrote his name? The CNN article doesn't say. Uppland 06:04, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I have often seen "Joseph" - "Joseph" can be a proper German spelling. john k 07:44, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, I am of Austrian origin, and I can assure you, that a) both spellings are correct and b) the bearer of the name (or of course his parents) determines which spelling in his case is used - thus, in official documents, media reports etc. those two versions cannot be interchanged arbitrarily. Ratzinger's birth certificate shows Joseph. IMHO it is clear that in German Joseph is the right spelling in Ratzinger's case. Gugganij 13:03, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

 * May I ask how you came to access his birth certificate? VViki 11:26, 17 May 2005 (UTC)
 * There is a copy of his birth certificate which is shown in the museum of local history in Markl am Inn (a village close to the Austrian border). Gugganij 12:57, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

It's spelled with "ph", if you search the german booklist, all his books are published "Joseph" Ratzinger. And John is right, in german, you can spell names either with "f" or "ph" (Stefan or Stephan; Joseph or Josef, etc.) both is correct, the spelling only depends on what version your parents preferred when they named you Pharlap 12:58, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

Request for Comment
I've listed this page on Requests for comment. The issues being discussed on the page have been, if I'm not mistaken, debated several times since this man has become Pope. 青い(Aoi) 09:02, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

Conclave Presidency
Removed the "over which he presided" comment regarding the conclave. No one really "presides" over the conclave...the three panels of three cardinals that perform its important functions are rotated continuously. However, if anyone is said to "preside", it would be the Cardinal Camerlengo, not Ratzinger as Dean of the College of Cardinals. --MikeJ9919 04:54, 13 May 2005 (UTC)

Benedict, or rather Cardinal Ratzinger, did preside over the conclave, over the election proceedings, though of course helped by two other Cardinals. The Camerlengo, on the other hand, was responsible for the more administrative duties around the Vatican. Str1977 07:08, 13 May 2005 (UTC)

I stand corrected with regards to the Camerlengo. Having reread Universi Dominici Gregis, I still believe that there cannot be said to be a "presider" in Conclave. The only mention of the Cardinal Dean acting in an executive capacity is this: "The Cardinal electors, after reciting the prayers found in the relative Ordo, listen to the Cardinal Dean (or the one taking his place), who begins by asking the College of electors whether the election can begin, or whether there still remain doubts which need to be clarified concerning the norms and procedures laid down in this Constitution." --MikeJ9919 15:18, 13 May 2005 (UTC)

Allright, I know what you mean. If you can think of a less 'presidential' wording please change it. Str1977 21:31, 14 May 2005 (UTC)

What do you think? I think this solution has the elegance of including his former position as Cardinal Dean in a compact form.--MikeJ9919 04:05, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

"officiated ..."? that's ok by me. Str1977 20:18, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

Preside simply means "sit in front", i.e. chairman. That's the only function the Dean has during the conclave, besides the convocation of the electors. Thus, it is perfectly normal to say that Benedict presided over the election, because sitting in the front of the college is exactly what he did. Pmadrid 05:14, 18 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Also, both the Latin and English translations of Universi Dominici Gregis use preside in reference to the function of the dean in two instances:
 * The general congregations, and
 * The conclave
 * but I'm going to use chair in order to avoid the confusion between being presiding officer and executive officer. Pmadrid 05:47, 18 May 2005 (UTC)

Universi Dominici Gregis said he "presides over the College", not the Conclave. I do think "officiated" was the most reasonable factual representation of the Dean's role. However, it really is a rather minor point and I'm willing to let it drop. --MikeJ9919 01:29, 19 May 2005 (UTC)

Blessing video of pope.
It goes so quickly it's just a blur. Just a thought maybe a slower video would work or something else? --Contrib 19:07, 13 May 2005 (UTC)

Infobox picture
Surely we can find a better picture of Pope Benedict that that truly dreadful one currently being used. It really is appallingly bad. Fear ÉIREANN (talk) 22:36, 13 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Just like with the last photo I put on here, this one is not that great. I am hoping I get some PD/Fairuse photos soon, but I do not think it will come for a while. I am not going to pay the Vatican for any photo, so we are kinda stuck, in my POV. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 22:40, 13 May 2005 (UTC)

Anyone opposed to using the picture that we used before this one? I have it on my computer still. --User:Jenmoa 23:08, 14 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, the last one we used before this one also came from Vatican.va, which also still has the goldish background. I know others complained about that. Man, I am about ready to go to Requested_pictures and put in a request of PD/GDFL pictures of the Holy Father. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 23:15, 14 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The infobox photo was replaced by a photo that was used later on in the article. The photo is also copyrighted by the Associated Press. Is that legal for us to use? Zscout370 (Sound Off) 23:32, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

shame on the power trip speeding cannonization
QWhat the hell are you doing pope. Are you going to portend you're predecessor is more hearchycal than even mother theresa. WOW!!! Who will be here when mother theresa dies. HUH! Already the german pope fucked up! According to the good st. Malachy...what the fuck u doing little worm nobody. Is HE gonna have to kick the pope out of Rome. HUH!!! Who hath come to hiss... ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss Family planning, and God created woman to be Man's companion. Got the picture?! Don't make me get into this dead predessor. No wonder all the chatholics are leaving the church. You a perverted abomination...HUH!!! Little nobody pope. son of a bitchssssss (Comment was made by IP 68.253.117.209).

 * I take it the Pope is answering the calls of the Faithful, who wanted JP II to become a Saint. I know the process will be long and hard, but I hope it makes it through. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 23:56, 14 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Also, though I don't know why I'm even commenting on this...JP II waived the waiting period on Mother Theresa, too.--MikeJ9919 03:52, 15 May 2005 (UTC)
 * And there were other popes that probably did that too, but we just never heard about. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 15:03, 15 May 2005 (UTC)
 * What does hearchycal mean? 66.238.96.241 06:41, 18 May 2005 (UTC)

On anti-Ratzinger sentiments
Should there not be some discussion of the objections held by many to Ratzinger's history and politics, and of the fact that he was a Hitler Youth? Exploding Boy 00:22, May 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * I think those were discussed earlier, I would check the archives. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 00:34, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

Ok, there is something about the Hitler Youth thing. I missed that before. But I don't see much about opposition to him. Exploding Boy 00:46, May 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * You might see some opposition in the Theology section. If some sections get to long, we break things up. I know there is opposition to the Holy Father and I think we should document it. However, I just do not know where. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 14:57, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pope Benedict XVI/Archive 9


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Jim Dowd (politician)

James Patrick Dowd (born 5 March 1951) is a former British Labour Party politician, who was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1992 to 2017, first for Lewisham West and following 2010 for Lewisham West and Penge. He stood down at the 2017 general election, following the announcement of Prime Minister Theresa May's snap election in June 2017.

Early life
Jim Dowd grew up in Lewisham, London, with an Irish father and German mother. He was educated at the Dalmain Infant and Junior Schools in Forest Hill; the Sedgehill Comprehensive School, Catford, and the London Nautical School, Lambeth. He began his career in telephone engineering as an apprentice in 1967 with the General Post Office (GPO). Following his apprenticeship, he became a manager in 1972 at a Heron petrol station for a year before joining Plessey as a telecommunications engineer in 1973, where he remained until his election to the House of Commons.

Dowd was elected as a councillor in the London Borough of Lewisham in 1974, becoming deputy leader in 1984 for two years. He was twice deputy mayor in 1987 and 1990, and was the Mayor of Lewisham in 1992. He stepped down from the council in 1994.

Dowd first stood for parliament at the 1983 general election for the seat of Beckenham, finishing in third place behind the long-standing Conservative MP Philip Goodhart by 17,330 votes. At the 1987 general election he contested the marginal seat of Lewisham West, but was defeated by John Maples by 3,772 votes.

Parliamentary career
At the 1992 general election, Dowd again contested Lewisham West, and defeated Maples by 1,809 votes. He made his maiden speech in the House of Commons on 10 June 1992.

Jim Dowd was appointed as an opposition whip in 1994, before becoming the spokesman on Northern Ireland in 1995. Following the election of the Labour government at the 1997 General Election he was given a place in the Blair government as a whip. He was unexpectedly sacked after the 2001 general election, since when he was a member of the Health Select Committee and maintained a voting record strongly in line with government policies. In June 2012, Dowd joined the Science and Technology Select Committee.

In 2005, he was involved in a heated confrontation in Parliament with fellow Labour MP Bob Marshall-Andrews over the Terrorism Bill. He was a vice-chair of the All Party Parliamentary Intellectual Property Group.

He supported Owen Smith in the failed attempt to replace Jeremy Corbyn in the 2016 Labour Party (UK) leadership election.

Intellectual Property Bill
On 20 January 2014, Dowd made a speech in the House of Commons during a debate on the Intellectual Property Bill, stating that he had asked for Worcester Sauce whilst eating a meal at the Hare and Billet pub in Blackheath and that he was provided with Henderson's Relish. Dowd used Henderson's as an example of "parasitic packaging", implying in the debate that it was attempting to pass itself off as Lea and Perrins.

Henderson's Relish is well known within Sheffield and parts of Yorkshire and has been manufactured there for over 100 years. Dowd upset supporters of the sauce; the Sheffield Central member of parliament, Paul Blomfield, offered to bring a bottle to Parliament and invite Dowd for a meal with him using it – an invitation accepted by Dowd.

Simon Freeman – the managing director of Henderson's – jokingly stated that he would order "an internal investigation to find out how it got out of Yorkshire"; a local newspaper, the Sheffield Star, launched a Twitter campaign with the hashtag #Hendogate to defend Henderson's, attracting support locally. Dowd later stated his "amazement" at the backlash his comments had caused, which he said included threats of violence. The assistant manager of the Hare and Billet – Adam Beaston – claimed that Dowd branded Henderson's a "blatant copy" of Lea and Perrins at the time but that he warned the MP that such a view would be "blasphemy in Sheffield".

Personal life
Dowd lists his interests as music, theatre and reading, and enjoys travelling in Cornwall. In 1998, he began a relationship with Janet Anderson, a fellow Labour MP. The couple married in 2016 and remained together until her death in 2023.

title: Jim Dowd (politician)


text:
Matthew Smith (colonial secretary)

Matthew Skinner Smith (30 August 1836 – 18 April 1887) was a British Army officer and acting Colonial Secretary of Western Australia from 1885 to 1887.

Smith was born in England; little is known of his early life. From 1854, he was an officer in the 44th (East Essex) Regiment of Foot; he served in the Crimea (where at the Siege of Sevastopol he won the Crimea Medal and clasp, and the Turkish Crimea Medal), China, and India, before retiring as a captain in 1867. That year, he married Elizabeth Nolan in Kent, England, and they had at least one son.

In June 1868, Smith emigrated to Western Australia on board Lady Louisa. Smith had expected to become private secretary to Colonel John Bruce, who hoped to be appointed governor; however Bruce was not selected and Smith was employed as a bank clerk for three years in the Perth branch of the National Bank of Australia. In 1871, he became a Justice of the Peace, and thereafter he was Superintendent of Police from December 1871 until April 1887. From May 1876 until August 1877, he was also Sheriff of Western Australia. He was later responsible for setting up a Royal Mail Coach Service between Perth and Bunbury.

When the Colonial Secretary of Western Australia, Malcolm Fraser took leave, Smith was appointed acting Colonial Secretary on 8 December 1885. As acting Colonial Secretary, Smith was also entitled to a seat in the Western Australian Legislative Council, to which he was appointed on 18 June 1886. He held both positions until his death in Albany on 18 April 1887.

title: Matthew Smith (colonial secretary)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Squibby

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. moink 12:15, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

Squibby
Doesn't appear to be notable - website is a month old and has all of 350 hits Andypasto 12:13, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete non-notable. Oliver Keenan 12:17, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete same here. --Adun 21:54, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, promo. Megan1967 06:59, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Squibby


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Amagasaki derailment

The Amagasaki derailment (JR福知山線脱線事故) occurred in Amagasaki, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, on 25 April 2005 at 09:19 local time (00:19 UTC), just after the local rush hour. It occurred when a seven-car commuter train came off the tracks on West Japan Railway Company's (JR West) Fukuchiyama Line in just before Amagasaki on its way for Dōshisha-mae via the JR Tōzai Line and the Katamachi Line, and the front two cars rammed into an apartment building. The first car slid into the first-floor parking garage and as a result took days to remove, while the second slammed into the corner of the building, being crushed into an L-shape against it by the weight of the remaining cars. Of the roughly 700 passengers (initial estimate was 580 passengers) on board at the time of the crash, 106 passengers, in addition to the driver, were killed and 562 others injured. Most survivors and witnesses claimed that the train appeared to have been travelling too fast. The incident was Japan's most serious since the 1963 Tsurumi rail accident.

As of 2024, the accident remains the fifth-deadliest train crash in Japanese history, behind the Nebukawa Station accident, Mikawashima train crash, Tsurumi rail accident and the Hachikō Line derailment.

Train details and crash
The train involved was train number 5418M, a limited-stop "Rapid" commuter service from Takarazuka Station to Dōshishamae Station. It was a seven-car 207 series electric multiple unit (EMU) formation consisting of a four-car set and a three-car set coupled together as shown below, with Car 1 leading. The train was carrying approximately 700 passengers at the time of the accident.

The front four cars derailed completely, with the first car ramming into the parking lot of the apartment building and the second car colliding into the external wall of the building becoming almost completely compacted by the third and fourth cars, which were themselves pushed from the rear by the fifth car.

Investigation
Investigators primarily focused on the speeding by the 23-year-old driver, later identified as Ryūjirō Takami (who was among the dead), as being the most likely cause of the derailment. Twenty-five minutes before the derailment, the driver had run a red signal, causing the automatic train stop (ATS) to bring the train to a halt. The train had also overshot the correct stopping position at an earlier stop at Itami Station with more than 3 carriages, requiring him to back up the train, and resulting in a 90-second delay, about four minutes before the disaster. By the time the train passed Tsukaguchi Station at a speed of 120 km/h, the delay had been reduced to 60 seconds.

Investigators speculate that the driver may have been trying to make up this lost time by increasing the train's speed beyond customary limits. Many reports from surviving passengers indicate that the train was traveling at a faster than normal speed. Furthermore, it is speculated that the driver may have felt stressed because he would have been punished for the two infractions. Ten months before the crash, the driver had been reprimanded by the train's operator, the West Japan Railway Company (JR West), for overshooting a station platform by 100 m. In the minutes leading up to the derailment, he may have been thinking of the punishment he would have faced and may have not been totally focused on driving.

JR West is very strict when it comes to punctuality, and commuters often depend on near-perfect timing on the part of trains to commute to and from work on time. This is because at JR West stations (including the derailed train's next scheduled stop at Amagasaki Station) trains meet on both sides of the same platform to allow people to transfer between rapid and local trains running on the same line. As a result, a small delay in one train can significantly cascade through the timetable for the rest of the day due to the tightness of the schedule. Immediately after the crash occurred, some of the mass media pointed to the congested schedule of the Fukuchiyama Line as an indirect factor. In fact, cumulative changes over the previous three years had reduced the leeway in the train's schedule from 71 to 28 seconds over the fifteen minutes between Takarazuka and Amagasaki stations.

Drivers for JR West face financial penalties for lateness as well as being forced into harsh and humiliating retraining programs known as "dayshift education" (日勤教育), which include weeding and grass-cutting duties during the day. The final report officially concluded that the retraining system was one probable cause of the crash. This program consisted of severe verbal abuse, forcing the employees to repent by writing extensive reports. Many experts saw the process of nikkin kyoiku as punishment and psychological torture, not retraining. The driver had also received a non-essential phone call from the general control station at the time that he was rounding the bend.

The speed limit on the segment of track where the derailment happened was 70 km/h. The data recorder in the rear of the train (the rear cars were new and equipped with many extra devices) later showed that the train was moving at 116 km/h at that point. Investigators ran a series of simulations and calculated that the train would derail on that curve if going over 106 km/h. It has been speculated that the driver was so stressed about the inevitability of going back to nikkin kyoiku due to his prior infractions that morning, that he did not notice that the train was going too fast. When the driver did notice, four seconds before the derailment, he used the service brake instead of the emergency brake, presumably to avoid another infraction as using the emergency brake had to be justified.

Japanese building codes do not regulate the distance between train lines and residential buildings due to high confidence in the engineering of the rail system. As a result, railway lines often pass close to residential buildings in metropolitan areas.

Aftermath
Amongst other things, the Ministry of Land and Transportation asked all railway companies to update their automatic stopping systems so that trains would brake automatically and slow down as they approached sharp curves.

It is believed that a contributing factor in the accident was JR West's policy of schedule punctuality. As a result, Masataka Ide, a JR West adviser who played a major role in enforcing the punctuality of the company's trains, announced that he would resign in June 2005. JR West's chairman and president also resigned in August.

The section where the crash occurred, between Amagasaki and Takarazuka stations, was re-opened for service on 19 June 2005. The rail speed limits around the site of the accident were reduced from 120 to 95 kph for the straight section and from 70 to 60 kph for the curved section.

According to investigations carried out by the Hyōgo Prefecture police, out of the 107 deaths, at least 43 (27 men and 16 women), including the driver, were in the first car; at least 45 (22 men and 23 women) were in the second car; and at least one was in the third car. This information was determined by questioning 519 of the approximately 550 injured passengers.

On 26 December 2005, Takeshi Kakiuchi officially resigned from the presidency of JR West in a move intended to take responsibility for the accident. Kakiuchi's successor was Masao Yamazaki, who had previously served as the railway's vice president, based in Osaka. Kakiuchi's resignation came one day after another serious accident on JR East, though officials at the railway did not make any explicit connection between the accident and the resignation.

A 2008 The Daily Yomiuri article stated that survivors of the disaster still faced physical and mental health issues.

On 8 July 2009, JR West president Masao Yamazaki was charged with professional negligence resulting in deaths and injuries, as he was in charge of safety measures in 1996 when the company rebuilt railway tracks to sharpen the curve at the accident's site. Prosecutors said that he failed to put in an Automatic Train Stop system, which could have halted the train. On the same day, Yamazaki announced that he would resign "so the company can operate normally", but would remain as a member of the company's board. On 11 January 2012, Yamazaki was found not guilty by judge Makoto Okada of the Kobe District Court, saying the accident was not sufficiently predictable to merit a finding of guilt. The court, however, criticized JR West for faulty risk assessment of the curve where the accident happened.

In 2017, the building hit by the train was demolished. In 2018, a memorial facility and monument were built at the accident site by JR West. Part of the condominium building was preserved and the location was covered with a roof.

In February 2023, JR West began to construct a new facility at a training center in Suita to display some of the train cars involved in the accident and the belongings of the dead. Completion is slated for around December 2025.

As of 2024, the report for this incident still takes a prominent place on JR West's Japanese homepage. The text reads "We will never forget the Amagasaki rail crash we caused on 25 April 2005."

Too fast around sharp curve

 * United Kingdom 1906 Salisbury rail crash, 1906: 28 killed
 * United States Malbone Street Wreck, 1918 in New York: 98 killed
 * United States Red Arrow crash, 1947 in Pennsylvania: 24 killed
 * Australia Camp Mountain train disaster, 1947: 16 killed
 * Japan Hachikō Line derailment, February 1947: 184 killed: the worst railway accident to occur in Japan
 * United Kingdom Sutton Coldfield train disaster, 1955: 17 killed
 * United Kingdom Morpeth rail crashes, 1969, 1984, 1994: a total of 6 killed in three separate accidents
 * United Kingdom Eltham Well Hall rail crash, 1972: 6 killed
 * United States Cajon Pass, 1989, 1996: 8 killed, 6 in the San Bernardino train disaster of 1989 (4 from derailment and 2 from pipeline explosion) and 2 in 1996.
 * Italy Piacenza derailment, 1997: 8 killed
 * Germany Brühl train disaster, 2000: 9 killed
 * Australia Waterfall train disaster, 2003: 7 killed
 * Australia Cairns Tilt Train derailment, 2004: 0 killed
 * Spain Valencia Metro derailment, 2006: 41 killed
 * China Zibo train collision, 2008: 72 killed
 * Spain Santiago de Compostela derailment, 2013: 79 killed
 * United States Spuyten Duyvil derailment, 2013: 4 killed
 * United States 2015 Philadelphia train derailment: 8 killed
 * United States 2017 Washington train derailment: 3 killed
 * Taiwan 2018 Yilan train derailment, October 2018: 18 killed

Failure to check speed after stop and proceed

 * Australia Glenbrook train disaster, 1999: 7 killed

Media

 * Brakeless, a 2014 Peabody Award winning documentary film on the accident by Kyoko Miyake.
 * Featured on National Geographic's show: Seconds from Disaster. (S06E07, "Runaway Train")
 * Overspeed 107 by Noodletooth is a tribute to the victims

title: Amagasaki derailment


text:
User:80N/sandpit/redirecttest

 * 1) EEEEEE

title: User:80N/sandpit/redirecttest


text:
Royal Manchester Institution

The Royal Manchester Institution (RMI) was an English learned society founded on 1 October 1823 at a public meeting held in the Exchange Room by Manchester merchants, local artists and others keen to dispel the image of Manchester as a city lacking in culture and taste.

The Institution was housed in a building in Mosley Street designed by Charles Barry in 1824. Construction of the building began in 1825, and was completed in 1835, at a cost of £30,000. A Grade I listed building, it is his only public building in the Greek neo-classical style. The Institution held regular art exhibitions, collected works of fine art and promoted the arts generally from the 1820s until 1882, when the building and its collections were transferred under Act of Parliament to Manchester Corporation, becoming Manchester Art Gallery.

In the basement a laboratory was installed by Lyon Playfair who worked there briefly as Professor of Chemistry after he left Thomson's of Clitheroe. He was succeeded by Frederick Crace Calvert who made phenol which was used by Joseph Lister as an antiseptic.

The first school of design in Manchester was accommodated in the building from 1838. The school was renamed the school of art in 1853 which became a sectional department of the Royal Manchester Institution. In 1892 it became the Municipal School of Art. In the 1880s it moved to premises in Cavendish Street, Chorlton on Medlock, which it still occupies as part of the Manchester Metropolitan University. The latter building was designed by G. T. Redmayne (1880–81) and is now known as the Grosvenor Building of the Metropolitan University.

The Manchester School of Art undertook teaching at various levels and became a central institution serving a wide area around Manchester. Two branches of activity were undertaken, the training of creative artists, and the training of trade craftsmen. The resources of the school included well equipped studios and workrooms, a museum of applied art and a library. The school conferred the diploma of associateship on successful students, and also prepared students for diplomas conferred by other bodies including the Board of Education's scheme for training art teachers.

Officers
Among the vice-presidents of the Institution was Joseph Jordan, a pioneer in provincial medical education, who served in that role in 1857.

title: Royal Manchester Institution


text:
User:GregRobson/bookmarks

This page details pages that I want to have links to for reference and not put on my watchlist, and pages that I want categorised instead of listed in a pre-determined order.

Pages being worked on

 * Sunday Times Rich List 2005
 * WikiProject UK Parliamentary Constituencies/Progress (using as a checklist)

Projects

 * WikiProject Categories

Special pages

 * Special:Uncategorizedpages

title: User:GregRobson/bookmarks


text:
Jack Crayston

William John Crayston (9 October 1910 – 26 December 1992) was an English football player and manager.

Playing career
Born in Grange-over-Sands, Lancashire, Crayston played for local school sides and Ulverston Town before moving to Third Division North Barrow in 1928. He spent two seasons there before moving to Second Division Bradford (Park Avenue), where he developed into a strong and aerially powerful right-half.

Despite breaking both his wrist and leg in 1933–34, Crayston was signed by First Division champions Arsenal in 1934 as a replacement for Charlie Jones. He scored on his competitive debut in an 8–1 thrashing of Liverpool on 1 September 1934 and became a regular in the Arsenal side straight away, largely pushing Frank Hill out of the right-half spot. With Arsenal he won the League championship in 1934–35 and 1937–38, and the FA Cup in 1935–36. He also won the 1938 FA Charity Shield.

During this time, Crayston also became an England international; he made his debut in a 3–1 win against Germany on 4 December 1935, and in all won eight caps for his country between 1935 and 1937, scoring one goal. His final cap came in a 5–4 win against Czechoslovakia on 1 December 1937.

Coaching and managerial career
Like many of his contemporaries, the Second World War robbed Crayston of what should have been the peak of his career; he joined the Royal Air Force whilst still playing irregular wartime football. However, a serious knee injury in a wartime match against West Ham United in 1943 forced Crayston to retire from playing. He played 207 matches in total (168 league matches), scoring 17 goals (16 league goals).

After his premature retirement and demobbing from the RAF, Crayston moved into coaching, and in June 1947 he became assistant to new Arsenal manager Tom Whittaker. After Whittaker's death in 1956, Crayston became caretaker manager on 24 October 1956 and permanent manager on 21 December 1956. However, his stewardship of the team was brief and unsuccessful; unable to bring any new players in, the team started to decline. In 1957–58 Arsenal slipped to 12th in the League (their worst position for 38 years) and faced a humiliating FA Cup defeat at the hands of Third Division South Northampton Town. Disillusioned, in May 1958 he resigned as Arsenal manager, and took up the reins at Doncaster Rovers a couple of months later, holding the post until his retirement from the game in 1961. He died in 1992, at the age of 82.

title: Jack Crayston