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Ken Harrelson

Kenneth Smith Harrelson (born September 4, 1941), nicknamed "the Hawk" due to his distinctive profile, is an American former professional baseball player and television announcer. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1963 to 1971 as a first baseman and outfielder, and he subsequently spent 33 years as a play-by-play broadcast announcer for the Chicago White Sox. In December 2019, Harrelson was named the recipient of the Ford C. Frick Award, presented annually to one broadcaster for "major contributions to baseball".

Early life
Harrelson was born in Woodruff, South Carolina, and his family moved to Savannah, Georgia, when he was in fifth grade. As a child Harrelson was interested in basketball and he hoped to pursue a basketball scholarship from the University of Kentucky. His parents divorced when he was eight.

He played golf, baseball, football and basketball at Benedictine Military School in Savannah, Georgia.

Playing career
Throwing and batting right-handed, Harrelson played for four teams: the Kansas City Athletics (1963–66, 1967), Washington Senators (1966–67), Boston Red Sox (1967–69), and Cleveland Indians (1969–71). In his nine-season career, Harrelson was a .239 hitter with 131 home runs and 421 RBI in 900 games.

His time with the Athletics in 1967 ended abruptly after only 61 games, when Harrelson was quoted in a Washington newspaper calling team owner Charlie Finley "a menace to baseball" following the dismissal of manager Alvin Dark. Although Harrelson denied using the word "menace", he was released and ended up signing a lucrative deal with the Boston Red Sox, who were in contention to win their first pennant since 1946.

Brought in to replace the injured Tony Conigliaro, Harrelson helped the team win the pennant, but watched the team drop the World Series to the St. Louis Cardinals in seven games. However, in 1968, he had his finest season, making the American League All-Star team, hitting a career-high 35 home runs, and leading the major leagues in runs batted in with 109. He also finished third in the American League Most Valuable Player balloting, with two players from the pennant-winning Detroit Tigers finishing ahead of him—pitcher Denny McLain won the award and catcher Bill Freehan finished second.

Harrelson announced his retirement the day after he was traded along with Dick Ellsworth and Juan Pizarro from the Red Sox to the Indians for Sonny Siebert, Vicente Romo and Joe Azcue on April 19, 1969. He had felt that his business ventures made it impractical for him to move to any other city. His agent Bob Woolf added, "If Ken left Boston, he'd be losing between half a million and three quarter of a million dollars." Following conversations with commissioner Bowie Kuhn and a contract adjustment by Cleveland, Harrelson ended his first retirement a few days later. He went 2-for-4, including a triple in the first plate appearance of his Indians debut, an 11–3 loss to the New York Yankees at Cleveland Stadium on April 24. He finished the year with 30 home runs and a career-high 99 walks. He also used his local celebrity status to briefly host a half-hour TV show, The Hawk's Nest, on local CBS affiliate WJW-TV. Harrelson was very popular in Cleveland, with his autobiography coming out around the time of the trade to the Indians.

During spring training the following year, Harrelson suffered a broken leg while sliding into second base during a March 19 exhibition game against the Oakland Athletics. The injury kept him on the sidelines for much of the season. When Indians rookie Chris Chambliss took over the first base position in 1971, Harrelson retired mid-season to pursue a professional golf career.

Batting glove usage
Harrelson has been credited with being the first player to wear a batting glove in an actual game (as opposed to usage during batting practice). However, Peter Morris' book A Game of Inches says the batting glove may have been used as early as 1901 by Hughie Jennings, and was definitely used by Lefty O'Doul and Johnny Frederick of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1932, and later by Bobby Thomson in the 1950s. Morris does credit Harrelson with reintroducing and popularizing the batting glove in the 1960s. Roger Maris also used what was thought to be a batting glove, most likely a golf glove, in the 1961 season.

Broadcasting career
Harrelson began a broadcasting career in 1975 with the Boston Red Sox on WSBK-TV, partnering with Dick Stockton. He became highly popular, especially after being teamed with veteran play-by-play man Ned Martin in 1979. Harrelson left after the 1981 season, moving to a broadcasting role with the Chicago White Sox; Harrelson noted that he and Red Sox co-owner Haywood Sullivan "didn't get along". Harrelson served as a White Sox announcer from 1982 to 1985.

Executive role with White Sox
On October 2, 1985, Harrelson was named executive vice president of baseball operations for the White Sox. Then-general manager of the White Sox Roland Hemond was given a special assistant role, and left the team in April 1986, leaving Harrelson as the de facto general manager, until Tom Haller was hired as the team's new general manager in early June 1986. Haller would have disagreements with Harrelson and leave at the end of the season. During June 1986, Harrelson fired assistant general manager Dave Dombrowski (who became baseball's youngest general manager with the Montreal Expos two years later) and fired manager Tony La Russa (who was soon hired by the Oakland Athletics). Harrelson also traded rookie Bobby Bonilla, later a six-time All-Star, to the Pittsburgh Pirates for pitcher José DeLeón in July 1986. Harrelson resigned his executive role with the White Sox on September 26, 1986, approximately one week before the end of the regular season. The 1986 Chicago White Sox finished the season with a record of 72–90, 20 games behind the division-winning California Angels.

Return to broadcasting
During the 1987 and 1988 seasons, Harrelson was the play-by-play announcer for New York Yankees games on SportsChannel New York. From 1984 to 1989, he served as a backup color commentator on NBC's Game of the Week broadcasts alongside play-by-play man Jay Randolph. In 1994, Harrelson served as a broadcaster for the short-lived Baseball Network and was the US broadcaster for the Japan Series that aired through the Prime-SportsChannel regional networks.

Harrelson returned to the White Sox in 1990 as the main play-by-play announcer during television broadcasts, teaming up with Tom Paciorek until 2000 and Darrin Jackson from 2000 to 2008. In 2009, former Chicago Cubs color analyst Steve Stone began accompanying Harrelson in the television booth. During this time he won five Emmy Awards and two Illinois Sportscaster of the Year awards. However, in 2010, GQ magazine named Harrelson the worst broadcaster in baseball.

Starting with the 2016 season, Harrelson cut back his schedule to road games and select home games. Jason Benetti took over as the television announcer for most home games. On May 31, 2017, Harrelson announced his final year in the broadcast booth would be the 2018 season. After calling his final game, a 6–1 loss to the crosstown rival Chicago Cubs, Harrelson officially retired from broadcasting on September 24, 2018.

On December 11, 2019, Harrelson was named the recipient of the Ford C. Frick Award, presented annually for excellence in broadcasting by the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum.

Catch phrases, criticism and nicknames
Harrelson is known for his homerism (open expression of pro-home team bias) and catch phrases, also known as "Hawkisms". Popular "Hawkisms" include: "You can put it on the board! Yes! Yes! A bomb for (insert player here)" after a Sox home run, "He gone!" and/or "Grab some bench!" after a strikeout of an opposing player, and "Stretch!" when a White Sox player hits a ball toward the outfield fence. Hawk often states "Sacks packed with Sox" when the bases are loaded.

When a telecast begins, Hawk states, "Sit back. Relax and strap it down" to the viewers, right before commercial break before the first pitch. Harrelson refers to the White Sox as "the good guys" (based on the team's mid-1990s slogan Good Guys Wear Black). When a White Sox player hits a ball which appears to be heading foul, Harrelson often states "Stay fair!" Hawk will state "Dadgummit" when a ball that looks to be a home run is caught short of the wall or in general when a play does not go the White Sox's way. When a hitter hits a long foul ball that would have been a home run if it were fair, Hawk will say "right size, wrong shape." If a White Sox hitter makes good contact, but the ball is hit where a fielder can make the out, Hawk says, "That's a hang with-em." For a time, Hawk often stated "Hell yes!" after an advantageous event for the White Sox. While he insists that exclaiming "Hell yes!" is not contrived and is a product of his devotion to the White Sox, it has generated some controversy.

He is also known for shouting out "Mercy!" after a great defensive play is executed by a player or players and sometimes, when it is an exceptionally great play, or the play does not go the White Sox's way, he will also exclaim "You gotta be...bleeping me!" When a batter swings and misses he will proclaim, "Big hack, no contact." Harrelson refers to a routine flyball as a "can of corn." Hawk also calls bloop hits that land between fielders, "duck snorts." He refers to a two-hop infield ground ball as a "chopper-two-hopper." He calls a hard-hit ground ball that takes a favorable bounce for the fielder a "Bolingbrook Bounce." He refers to any play with a broken bat as a "Matt Abbatacola." Matt Abbatacola is a local sports radio show host and producer for AM 670 TheScore, which carries the White Sox radio broadcasts. The two met during spring training a few years ago, and Hawk decided to use his name during broken bat plays because of the distinctiveness and sound of his name. When a White Sox rally starts, Hawk Harrelson will often enthusiastically say, "Don't stop now boys." In July 2010, GQ named Harrelson the worst announcer in baseball. He has stated publicly that he wants to die in the booth during a game and that he will never retire.

Though Harrelson has been criticized for his repeated use of catch phrases and hometown allegiances, his popularity with White Sox fans is demonstrable. Harrelson was nominated for the 2007 Ford C. Frick award (won by Royals announcer Denny Matthews), and his presence in the field of nominees for that award was due to the support of fans, who placed him in nomination (along with Cincinnati Reds announcer Joe Nuxhall and San Francisco/Oakland announcer Bill King) via an online vote.

Hawk is also well known for his fierce on-air criticisms of umpires. Harrelson appears to have developed a dislike of umpire Joe West, who "in the past few years, has had some problems with the White Sox." West had started a game the night before, but called it due to rain after about a half inning of play. In a game earlier that year, West had ejected Ozzie Guillén and Mark Buehrle for two separate balks in the same game. Hawk said on a broadcast in 2015, "The first rule of baseball is catch the baseball and the second rule is don't mess with Joe West."

Following an on-air outburst about umpire Mark Wegner during a game on May 30, 2012, Harrelson received a reprimand from MLB commissioner Bud Selig. Harrelson's comments followed Wegner's ejection of White Sox rookie pitcher José Quintana after Quintana threw a pitch behind Ben Zobrist. After White Sox manager Robin Ventura's ejection for arguing the call, Harrelson commented: "I'll tell you what, they have got to start making guys be accountable. That is totally absurd. Here's an umpire in the American League that knows nothing about the game of baseball. They have got to do something about this. They have got some guys in this league that have no business umpiring. They have no business umpiring because they don't know what the game of baseball is about, and he is one of them." Although Harrelson said that such a tirade would not happen again, later in the same season, he lashed out at umpire Lance Barrett following the ejections of A. J. Pierzynski and Robin Ventura. Harrelson stated that "Lance Barrett has just stunk the joint up is all he's done. That's all he's done." He also claimed that "Everything that (Mariners pitcher) Blake Beavan has thrown up there that (catcher Miguel) Olivo has caught has been a strike. If he caught it, it was a strike. He's got two different strike zones. He's got a two-foot for Beavan, and he's got a 10-inch for the White Sox. What does that tell you?"

A year later he had another outburst umpire tirade, this time over an alleged blown call in the bottom of the tenth against the Miami Marlins, when Angel Hernandez called Alex Rios out at first base, turning what would have been a game-winning bases-loaded ground ball fielder's choice for the White Sox into an inning-ending double play. His reaction was, "And another blown call by Hernandez!"

Harrelson's emotive and particularly distinctive call of Mark Buehrle's perfect game on July 23, 2009, was also notable. As Buehrle exited the field after the eighth inning, he exclaimed, "Call your sons! Call your daughters! Call your friends! Call your neighbors! Mark Buehrle has a perfect game going into the ninth!" Also, as the final ground ball of the game rolled towards the White Sox shortstop Alexei Ramírez, Harrelson called out "Alexei?!" (Harrelson often refers to the White Sox players by their first names.) As Ramirez completed the throw to the first baseman Josh Fields, Harrelson shouted "Yes! Yes! Yes! Yes! Yes! History!"

Though some did not like Harrelson's lack of verbosity and obvious hometown boosterism at the concluding moment of the game, others felt the outburst of emotion captured exactly what they were feeling as the perfect game was sealed. A Chicago Tribune columnist, Phil Rosenthal, arguing that each perfect game call is "memorable in its own way", made an explicit comparison of Harrelson's call to Vin Scully's call of Sandy Koufax's perfect game. Harrelson had a 30-minute special on CSN Chicago, Put it on The Board which aired on Monday, June 7, 2010 celebrating his 25 years as a Chicago White Sox broadcaster with memorable footage, memorable quotes and an interview with CSN Chicago's Chuck Garfien. Ken said during the interview, "I hope to be broadcasting for the White Sox until I die." He joked and said how he was going to die: in the White Sox broadcasting booth with his last words, "You can put it on the booooard... (dies without finishing)" Harrelson was honored with "Hawk Harrelson Night" by the Chicago White Sox for 25 years of broadcasting that was on Tuesday, June 8, 2010 vs. Detroit Tigers. The White Sox had a T-shirt giveaway for Harrelson for the first 10,000 fans that came to the game. The T-shirt has the White Sox logo on the front and in big letters on the back "Hawkism" with his famous catch phrases on the back. Harrelson also threw out the ceremonial first pitch before the game to White Sox manager Ozzie Guillén.

As a man long-known for creating nicknames, his own nickname "Hawk" originated during his early playing days. Teammates began calling him "Hawk" due to his curvy, pointy nose. Harrelson coined many nicknames for popular Sox players, including "Black Jack" McDowell, Carlos "El Caballo" Lee, Lance "One Dog" Johnson, Frank "The Big Hurt" Thomas, Craig "Little Hurt" Grebeck, "The Deacon" Warren Newson, "Big Bad" Bobby Jenks, "The Silent Assassin" Javier Vázquez, Herbert "the Milkman" Perry, Jake "The Jake-Meister" Peavy, Dayán "The Tank" Viciedo, Willie "Peapod" Harris, Paul "The Professor" Konerko and Magglio "Maggs" Ordóñez, along with fan favorite "Big Dick" Richard Dotson. During a broadcast, Harrelson attempted to nickname partner Darrin Jackson "The Squirrel" because of the quantity of peanuts his partner ate, to which Jackson replied, "No." He calls his current partner Steve Stone "Stone Pony." It is unclear if that nickname is a reference to the popular music venue or the Linda Ronstadt band, the Stone Poneys. Recently, he began calling White Sox slugger Adam Dunn "Biggin". "Biggin" is a Southern slang term for large people, which reflects Hawk's Deep South roots. Dunn is 6'6" and 285 pounds. More recently, Harrelson has been referring to José Abreu as El Cañon or "The Cannon." Although not a nickname, during the time when Greg Norton played for the Chicago White Sox between 1996 and 2000, Harrelson would add the line "Norton, You're The Greatest" after "You can put it on the board! Yes! Yes!" when Norton hit a home run. This was a mashup of two references from the sitcom The Honeymooners: one character was named Edward "Ed" Lillywhite Norton, and another character, Ralph Kramden, would say to his wife, Alice, "Baby, you're the greatest."

An informal study by one baseball columnist, based on the number of home-team "biased" comments throughout the course of a game, concluded that Harrelson was by a wide margin the broadcaster who openly rooted for his team the most often. He embraced the results, responding, "That's the biggest compliment you could give me, to call me the biggest homer in baseball."

Personal life
While he was still in high school, Harrelson met his first wife, Elizabeth Ann "Betty" Pacifici, whom he would marry that year. The marriage produced four children (Patricia, Michael, Richard, and John), and three grandchildren (Nikole, Ryan and Kiefer) and one great-grandson, Jack. Harrelson filed for divorce from Betty on June 28, 1971.

In 1970, Harrelson was part-owner of a $2 million waterfront nightclub in East Boston called the 1800 Club. A three-quarter sized replica of Donald McKay's clipper ship Flying Cloud was docked next to the club and was used as a floating cocktail lounge. The location offered superb views of Boston Harbor and the downtown skyline. The complex was severely damaged by fire on January 20, 1971, and never re-opened.

After retiring from baseball, Harrelson competed in the 1972 British Open. He missed the cut by 1 stroke, shooting +11.

On September 13, 1973, Harrelson married Aris Harritos. They have two children, daughter Krista and son Casey, as well as two grandchildren, Nico and Alexander. Harrelson's son Casey played in the White Sox minor league system in 1999. The family resides in Orlando, Florida.

Harrelson resided in Granger, Indiana during baseball seasons, and would often discuss the long commute from his home to Guaranteed Rate Field during broadcasts.

Namesakes

 * Hawk Drive, Tucson, Arizona

title: Ken Harrelson


text: User talk:68.84.240.123

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:68.84.240.123


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Payday (1973 film)

Payday is a 1973 American drama film written by Don Carpenter, directed by Daryl Duke, and starring Rip Torn as a country music singer. Other members of the cast include Ahna Capri, Elayne Heilveil, and Michael C. Gwynne. The picture was filmed in and around Selma, Alabama.

Plot
Maury Dann (Rip Torn) is a successful country-western singer who travels around the Southern states in a Cadillac and gets himself into all sorts of adventures.

The film opens with Dann performing in a small club with his band, entourage, and nagging girlfriend, Mayleen, in tow. He meets a young girl named Sandy backstage and seduces her in the back of his car while her boyfriend and boss, Mr. Bridgeway, is looking for her.

The band returns to a nearby motel, bringing along Rosamond, a young lady from the show. The next day, Maury visits his invalid mother and, along with a couple of the guys from the band, goes on a hunting trip. He gets into a fistfight with Bob Tally over Maury's dog Snapper, who is not being properly taken care of by Maury's sick mother. After the fight, Maury reluctantly gives Snapper away to Bob, but fires him from the band before returning to the motel.

During the trip, Maury seduces Rosamond in the back of the Cadillac, much to Mayleen's dismay. Later, while in the ladies' room, Mayleen warns Rosamond to stay away from Maury. The band stops by a local radio station to help promote Maury's new album, Payday, and to bribe a DJ with a gift of Wild Turkey liquor to keep playing more of Maury's records on-air.

During a heated exchange, Maury kicks Mayleen out of the car and leaves her stranded by the side of the road. Maury take a detour and goes to visit his ex-wife, Galen, to celebrate his son's birthday. They get into an argument as well and Maury leaves without seeing his son.

At a restaurant, Maury and company are confronted by a drunken Bridgeway, who claims that Maury had raped Sandy the day before. Maury and Bridgeway step outside to discuss the matter. Bridgeway pulls out a knife and tries to attack Maury, who quickly turns the knife around and stabs Bridgeway to death. To avoid a scandal and missing tour dates, Maury's tour manager McGinty arranges for his chauffeur, Chicago, to take the blame for Bridgeway's death.

With Chicago gone, Maury hires a young fan named Ted, an aspiring country singer, to be his new driver. Rosamond, feeling distraught over Bridgeway's death, tells Ted that she wants to go home but does not have any money. The local police and district attorney come to Maury's motel to bring him in for questioning over Bridgeway's death. He makes a dash for the Cadillac. With Ted in the back seat and Maury driving the car, Maury suffers a heart attack and dies behind the wheel.

The film ends with Ted, who survives the crash but is badly injured, running out of a wooded area looking for help.

Reception
Peter Schjeldahl of The New York Times called it "a brilliant, nasty little chrome-plated razor blade of a movie ... a 'road picture' that is not, for once, a sentimental odyssey, but rather a clear-eyed study of people whose lives are linked to the road, how they behave and what becomes of them. Its clarity is what makes it so extraordinary. It is a work of such dead-honest realism that it is hard to know how, except as a kind of literal truth, to take it." Arthur D. Murphy of Variety called it "a topnotch melodrama which explores incisively one of the dimmer aspects of the backstage pop music scene. Director Daryl Duke's feature debut is outstanding." Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "While backstage dramas are nothing new and we have been shown the sneer behind the starry grin often enough, in 'A Face in the Crowd' and elsewhere, 'Payday' explores the Nashville-centered world of country with an easy authenticity which makes this nothing like a repetition of what has been before."

The film was named one of The Best 1000 Movies Ever Made by The New York Times.

DVD
Payday was released by Warner Bros. on DVD January 8, 2008.

title: Payday (1973 film)


text: User talk:69.86.68.208

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Talk:Kid hack

Blurb for DYK
Did You Know

...that a kid hack was a horse-drawn vehicle used for transporting children to school in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States? The vehicle was actually powered by both horses and mules, and usually loaded at the rear to avoid frightening the animals.

title: Talk:Kid hack


text: User talk:68.36.218.217

title: User talk:68.36.218.217


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Talk:Lima Duarte, Minas Gerais

What does "polarized" mean here?

External links modified
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title: Talk:Lima Duarte, Minas Gerais


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HFE

HFE may refer to:

Science and technology

 * HFE (gene), a gene that encodes the Human hemochromatosis protein
 * Hello from Earth, an interstellar radio message
 * Hidden Field Equations, a cryptosystem
 * H-parameter model (hFE), the current gain of a bipolar junction transistor
 * Human factors engineering
 * Hydrofluoroether, a solvent

Transport

 * Hefei Luogang International Airport, in Anhui, China, now defunct
 * Hefei Xinqiao International Airport, in Anhui, China
 * Hertford East railway station, in England

Other uses

 * Health First Europe
 * Herschend Family Entertainment Corporation, an American entertainment company
 * Horizontal Fiscal Equalisation, in Australia

title: HFE


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Raccoon Forest

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge and redirect moink 11:20, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

Raccoon Forest
This stub seems unnecessary as there is already a Raccoon City article. I would suggest merging but there's really nothing to merge. --Feitclub 03:34, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into Raccoon City, which itself needs to be cleaned up and wikified. There's a tiny amount of usable information in Raccoon Forest. android↔talk 04:25, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into Raccoon City. Zzyzx11 | Talk 04:45, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into Raccoon City, unless somebody can flesh this article out with more substantial information. It has not been edited since the beginning of February, so it seems unlikely that this will happen. TigerShark 13:57, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into Raccoon City, same reasons as above. KickAir8P~ 06:04, 2005 Apr 25 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:63.135.20.166

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Talk:Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros

Article rename
I really wish folks would post on discussion pages before renameing an article. I renamed it to Cardinal Cisneros for a reason, that is the name he is most commonly known by, because he has what, 10 different names? Now we have a situation with a lot of work required to fix the links coming into the page (see "What Links Here") no matter what happens (I had previously worked a bit to try and clean that up). Please discuss your reasoning before I change it back and go through the trouble of once again fixing disambigs and redirects. Stbalbach 03:35, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Well, in the first place, standard policy for names is to use a real name, rather than just "Cardinal X", if a fuller name is available. In the second place, the Jiménez frequently shows up, and I've definitely seen him referred to as Jiménez rather than Cisneros. The article in the Columbia encyclopedia is at Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, and refers to him as Jiménez in later references. Britannica's article is at "Francisco, Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros". Since a) he's frequently referred to as Jiménez rather than Cisneros; b) other encyclopedias use the full name; and c) this better follows general wikipedia practice wrt cardinals, I don't see what is wrong with my version. I also made sure to fix all the redirects after I moved it. john k 03:56, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Britannica, let me add, also refers to him as Jiménez, rather than Cisneros. (And it's an article by H.G. Koenigsberger, who is/was a leading early modern historian) On the other hand, John Elliott's "Imperial Spain" calls him Cisneros. It seems evident that we need an article title which contains both Jiménez and Cisneros, and I see no reason to exclude his first name. john k 03:58, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Well, thank you for the courtesy of an explanation, I spent a good 8 hours on the article and there is certainly no entitlement or ownership implied, I do feel it is a courtesy, to the other editors, to discuss renameing in particular if you have no previous edit history. Now, the problem I saw with the nameing is, there is no standardization, every place gives him a different name (See all the redirects, those are the ones I found, but there may be even more). "Cardinal Cisneros" is a fairly modern way to refer to him: simple, easy. Google has 568 hits on "Cardinal Cisneros" (search excluding the word Jiménez). The other thing is, he changed his name from Gonzoles to Francisco when he became a friar, so which is correct, his birth name Gonzoles, his chosen name Francisco or his ordained name Cardinal? And of that name, do we use the Spanish version or the English version? I've seen him refered to by all of the names in the What Links Here, for example is it Ximenez, Ximénez, Jiménez or Jimenez? Why choose one over the other?I think it should come down to popularity, how do people know him by best (in the English world), that is also a policy on article nameing when there is more than one choice. Another option is to have a footnote number next to his name that lists all his possible names he is refered to by. Stbalbach 05:53, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Francisco is the commonly used name. Cardinal is not a name - it is an office. As to which spelling of Jiménez, "Jiménez" seems to be most common, and is the one used by other encyclopedias. "Jimenez" and "Ximenez" should be excluded for not having the accent. The "J" is the modern Spanish spelling, and is the principal way to do it. I think we should certainly have some discussion of the name. I'll add that when one includes Jiménez in all its various spellings, there are considerably more than 568 hits, so I think it's wrong to exclude that name, even if it's not always spelled the same way. john k 16:36, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

BTW, you're right I should have said something on the talk page before moving it. I assumed that it was probably just an old article and that nobody would object to the move. But i should have checked first. john k

This is what it looked like before I started, every sentence had to be re-written and researched. I was thinking of taking it to the featured article process with a couple more things in the last section. A recent editor recently cleaned up the Franciscan terminology to be accurate.

I thought about the name and Fransican was his name at death, so that makes sense, and the modern spellng makes sense, and if there is a general policy about not using titles, then what you changed it too makes the most sense. Stbalbach 16:57, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The naming convention for cardinals is "Given Name Cardinal Surname," where possible "Cardinal Name" where not. There are some articles (like Cardinal Richelieu) that don't yet fit this format, but more through uncertainty to where the article should really be than uncertainty about the convention. The article itself is quite good, I think, so kudos on that. john k 17:09, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Gonzalo/Gonzales/González
In this article is correctly stated that Cardinal Cisneros changed his name during his lifetime. But there is a mistake in the name itself, which in the article is spelt "Gonzales", instead of the correct form "Gonzalo". In Spanish "González" is not a name, but a surname, a surname which means, precisely, "son of Gonzalo". "González" was used during centuries as a patronimic, before becoming a proper surname, but was never used as name. So the original name of the cardinal was Gonzalo Jiménez (or Ximénez in the original spelling)de Cisneros.

I would like to add that in modern Spanish (or more properly in Castilian and Galician)all surnames which mean "son of (personal name)", end with the letter "z", not with "s". For example "Jiménez" (son of Jimeno), "Rodríguez" (son of Rodrigo), Pérez (son of Pedro), Velázquez (son of Velasco). The same surnames written with an "s" are not of castilian or galician origin, but portuguese: "Rodrigues", "Gonçales" or "Gonçalves".

For mor information you can consult "Diccionario de Apellidos Españoles", written by Roberto Faure Sabater, María Asunción Ribes Lafoz and Antonio García Sancho. You can find some information in www.robertofaure.com

 * I was going by what the historical sources say. There may be a reason for the Gonzales spelling. I'll see what I can find. If you can show any sources that spell it as "Gonzalo" that would be helpful. Stbalbach 14:03, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I see now the Spanish Wikipedia uses Gonzalo as do other sites. Must be a translation error from EB1911, although could be older than that. Noted in the Notes. Stbalbach 15:04, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

References (Improve inline citations)
This article needs proper footnoting. I suspect much or most of it is from the 1911 EB, but what exactly is from that source should be indicated, particularly with regard to the bits that sound more like anecdotal hagiography than encyclopedia-worthy material. If the passages discussing, for instance, his legendary asceticism are not from the EB, they really do need a footnote citing the source or they should be significantly abbreviated/paraphrased. There are just a few sources listed in the "References" section, which could be improved. (Oddly, some are not cited in the article itself.) Cheers, Moises de la vera (talk) 17:02, 23 August 2011 (UTC)

 * Except for a few things it appears to be a modern re-write of the EB1911 article. This is not unusual on Wikipedia many such articles were imported wholesale and modernized. The way to handle it is say so in the notes but not add the same footnote for every sentence of the article which is redundant and makes it hard to read. Green Cardamom (talk) 23:49, 14 March 2012 (UTC)

Dealings with "las indias"
Las Casas references Cisneros in his work, and it would perhaps be fitting to include some of that material in this article, since it dealt with the conquest of the Americas (where the Spanish established themselves).Studyhard12 (talk) 02:34, 15 December 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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His lastname is Ximénez
Why is his Ximénez lastname being supressed? 2A00:23C7:2B13:9001:DE3:5BDE:404D:8DC1 (talk) 00:16, 20 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros


text:
Phil Kline

Phil Kline (born 1953) is an American composer, sound artist, and performer most recognized for his Unsilent Night (1992) and Zippo Songs (2004). Beginning as a guitarist and singer in the New York City art punk scene, Kline has since gained notability through his song cycles and theatrical works, musical performance art pieces, work with Bang on a Can, and WQXR's online new-music radio show. With five studio albums to date, a majority of his compositional work can be found on Cantaloupe Music.

Education and early works
Kline was born in 1953 and grew up in Akron, Ohio. After moving to New York City to pursue a degree in English literature from Columbia University and graduated in 1975, he attended Mannes College of Music. In the late 1970s, Kline began his career as a full-time musician, and first joined the band Dark Day with Robin Crutchfield (also of the band DNA). When he left Dark Day, he co-founded the no-wave, art-punk band The Del-Byzanteens alongside filmmaker Jim Jarmusch, author Lucy Sante, and painter James Nares. After these projects, he also toured internationally and recorded with the Glenn Branca Ensemble and began assisting with video projects by Nan Goldin.

Career
As a continuation of his experimental work, Kline began creating tape-based sound installations for collections of boomboxes inspired by the work of Brian Eno, Steve Reich, and Glenn Branca. The first of these was called Bachman's Warbler (1990), which was written for harmonicas and twelve boomboxes and premiered at Bang on a Can Marathon in New York City in 1992. The concept behind these pieces later contributed to his Unsilent Night (1992), which has since brought Kline worldwide recognition.

First performed in New York City, Unsilent Night is an annual public performance piece in which anyone may participate. Every December, as part of this performance, a volunteer parade carrying boomboxes and other music players passes through Greenwich Village, presenting an ambient cacophony made of recorded bells, harps, and electronic instruments to the neighborhood. While Unsilent Night features musical references to ancient Christmas music, the piece itself and its performance are not religion-specific. Since its premiere in 1992, the Unsilent Night tradition has spread to over 116 cities around the world, mostly in the United States and Canada, but also to major cities across Europe, Oceania, Africa, and Asia.

Kline's other notable work primarily includes song cycles and opera. Kline's song cycles have historically had political themes, such as his Three Rumsfeld Songs, which borrow text from the Pentagon briefings of Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld following the September 11 terrorist attacks and during the War in Iraq. The source for Kline's Zippo Songs (2004), the song cycle for which he is best known, comes from US government-issued Zippo Lighters from the Vietnam War, on which some soldiers etched short sayings or poems. These sayings and poems, compiled into Zippo Songs, therefore offers a lens into the social, spiritual, sexual, and emotional lives of these American Vietnam War soldiers. Zippo Songs was written for singer Theo Bleckmann, as well as for violin, percussion, and guitar. Kline's lounge-inspired, staged song cycle Out Cold (2012)—about the desperation of lost love—was also written for and performed by Bleckmann.

More recently, Kline has delved into the opera genre with his Tesla, which explores the life and works of inventor Nikola Tesla, in collaboration with filmmaker Jim Jarmusch, a colleague from their band The Del-Byzanteens. Kline has also written music for dance and ballet, such as his work for the Birmingham Royal Ballet.

Other than these projects, Kline's work includes continuing commissions from Bang on a Can, American Opera Projects, the Brooklyn Youth Chorus, WNYC, the New York State Council on the Arts, Ethel and Alice Tully Hall at Lincoln Center, Jennifer Koh, Muzik3, the La Jolla Symphony Orchestra, the St. Luke's Chamber Ensemble, and for the Kotschmar Memorial Organ in Portland, Maine. Furthermore, his works have had performances venues across the world including Lincoln Center, the Barbican Centre, the Amsterdam Royal Concertgebouw, the Brooklyn Academy of Music, the Royal Conservatory of Music of Toronto, The Whitney Museum, the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Kimmel Center, Trinity Church, Symphony Space, National Sawdust, The Kitchen, and the Badlands National Park.

Critical reception
Throughout his career, Phil Kline's music has been respected for its experimental nature. The New York Times describes it as having "the tonal richness of Barber, the austerity of Stravinsky and the harmonic piquancy of Ligeti," and New York magazine has said that Kline "long ago declared independence from any musical Establishment."

Kline's Unsilent Night has been called "a magical musical parade," “a tribute to the joy of caroling" (The Village Voice), and "an ethereal sound sculpture" (The Guardian); it's been noted for the "benign sense of wonder it instilled in observers" (San Francisco Chronicle).

Furthermore, although Brian Olewnick (The Squid's Ear) said that Kline's Zippo Songs has a "lack of memorability," Alex Ross (The New Yorker, The Rest is Noise) described this collection as "one of the most brutally frank song cycles ever penned," and Anne Midgette for The New York Times described his it as "brilliant American lieder for the 21st century."

Kline's contemporary adaptation of the Catholic Mass, John the Revelator (2006), was called "offbeat" and "moving" (The New York Times), and AllMusic called it "easily one of the most moving and engaging mass settings in recent memory."

title: Phil Kline


text: File:Abbie hoffman steal this book.jpg

title: File:Abbie hoffman steal this book.jpg


text:
Wikipedia talk:List of Wikipedians by military branch

Copied from Vandalism in progress
 * User:Jmabel
 * Vandalised List of Wikipedians by military branch. Added section that stated "MAKE LOVE NOT WAR". This is NOT the place for political views. Linuxbeak 03:05, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * I will point out that this is from an editor who seems to think (judging by his or her own edits to that page) that "Army…HOOAH!", "Navy…AYE AYE!", Marine Corps…OOH-RAH!", Air Force…AIR POWER!",, and Coast Guard…AYE AYE!" are NPOV. -- Jmabel | Talk 03:27, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * As you can see, my supposed vandalism included (1) a spelling correction (2) noting the fact that the U.S. Military is not the only military in the world, and (3) an addition which might be argued to be in questionable taste, but I do not believe in the context of the many humorous additions to the various lists of Wikipedians constitutes vandalism. -- Jmabel | Talk 03:37, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)

In short, while I will not reinsert the apparently objectionable passage, I absolutely deny that it constituted vandalism, and believe it was entirely in the spirit common to the various lists of Wikipedians. -- Jmabel | Talk 03:37, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)

 * Not a very tactful move though...  Jumping cheese   Cont @ct 09:40, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

Once a Marine, always a Marine!
Hi - I added that phrase to the USMC header because I don't fit in the categories listed (active, reserve, retired) as I was in the Corps for three years, '64 - '67, not long enough to be retired and I'm not active nor in the reserves. I could have added former or once upon a time, but I thought Once a Marine, always a Marine! to be more to the point. -Vsmith 6 July 2005 23:05 (UTC)
 * That's completely understandable. If you were in for three years, but not retired, does that make you discharged then? We could add that :-) Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk July 6, 2005 23:07 (UTC)
 * Honorably ... Vsmith 6 July 2005 23:22 (UTC)
 * Okay, let's do that. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk July 6, 2005 23:22 (UTC)

Usernames
I standardized the list of Wikipedians by removing the piped wikilinks that were different from the username.  Revert if you like, but please explain. =) Jumping   cheese  04:41, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

Is Removing Comments on Wikipedians by Military Branch Acceptable?
If I may ask, what Wikipedia policy applies to comments or slogans following user names on the above list? Your characterization of the comments/slogans as "grafitti" seems a bit inappropriate. As you only seem interested in removing comments from the USMC section, mayhaps there is a POV problem (either perceived by you or held by you). As for the most part the brief comments were added by the users at the time of listing I can see no problem or reason for removal. Note, the comment after my user name was added by another user back in July '05, not by me (see the talk page for background). I await your explanation and please explain why you characterize the comments as "grafitti" - that strikes me as rather incivil and simply insulting to our fellow veterans. Vsmith (talk) 01:32, 5 March 2009 (UTC)

 * If you are offended, see WP:SORRY, my logic behind removal is namely the format of the list of users. No where else in the article are there comments that have no valid information about the user (i.e., service career, time in service, unit, etc.).  The comments do not contribute to the information on the article page.

 * On another note, there is no way of proving or disproving that these users are "veterans" or servicemembers (future, current or former). So to raise the issue of insulting veterans of Wiki users is out of context and being over sensitive because of the fact that those users who list themselves, there's no creidble or verifiable means of proving their service. -Signaleer (talk) 17:20, 5 March 2009 (UTC)

 * First, it is not an article - it is a list of users and not in article space. Therefor removing user comments is rather like removing comments on a user or even article talk page - it's simply not done without very good reason. I'd suggest that you read WP:AGF as you seem to be assuming the opposite here. If you feel a user has misused this page and added inappropriate material or "isn't a veteran" then take action, do not make a blanket accusation against all users who have added their usernames here, which of us are you calling a liar? As such I'd suggest you apologize to the other users for your incivil comments and for broadly implying that users are lying without any evidence. Vsmith (talk) 22:58, 5 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Clearly this list is not an article it is also not a user talk page. There have been users who have formatted what goes and what does not for uniformity.  There are no personal comments on Wikipedia article pages, so I'm a bit confused why you mention that or the use of a talk page.  This is neither of the above.  I am familiar with the good faith term of Wiki so do not try to patronize me.  If you're expecting an apology, you're a bit out of line, please see WP:NPA.

 * You have not addressed the issue of uniformity or my comment about adds nothing to the article having those comments. Users who list their names are based on good faith, however, this list of users is not a Wiki article thus the notability and credibility is a moot subject.  I could care less (or for that matter a lot of Wiki users) whether or not someone claims to have served, plans to serve or is currently serving in their respective countries militaries.  Even if you were to prove or disprove a user's service, what point does it prove?  It doesn't.

 * So to bring up the status of a "veteran" does not give you or any other user the right to add what ever he or she wants on a Wikipedia user list. Reiterating that this list is not a user talk page and even on a user talk page, a user does not have free reign as to what content they may on their user talk page since there are policies in place. You have misconstrued what I am trying to convey to you. No one is calling anyone a liar, the whole point is that the use of "veteran" is not a factor for removal nor is it a reason why someone can write what ever he/she deems on this page.  My regards. -Signaleer (talk) 13:03, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

What kind of an article is this?
Hi. I know it follows on a bit from the previous topic in which it's pointed out that this is not a User or User Talk page, but what do you think about (1) spelling mistakes and (2) graphics of badges of rank? On spelling, it's quite simple - there's a spelling mistake that I'd like to fix; if it was in an article I would just do so; as this is an odd semi-personal format, I am unclear whether or not I should. On the graphic, someone's just introduced a graphic of a badge of rank. I think this is a bad idea, because if everyone did that the list would look a complete mess very quickly - but I am loth to revert it, again because I don't really feel quite sure what nature of beast this list/article actually is. I'd be interested to hear your views. Best wishes DBaK (talk) 08:15, 25 January 2011 (UTC)
 * No graphics, please. Too much like high school. BeenAroundAWhile (talk) 01:07, 25 April 2015 (UTC)


text:
Morik

Morik may refer to:
 * Benjamin Morik (born 1968), German actor
 * Katharina Morik (born 1956), German computer scientist
 * Michelle Morik (born 1990), Austrian skier
 * Morik the Rogue, fictional character in fantasy novels by R. A. Salvatore
 * Morik, Yazidi settlement in Syria; see List of Yazidi settlements

title: Morik


text: Category:Huns

title: Category:Huns


text:
Two Guys Naked in a Hot Tub

"Two Guys Naked in a Hot Tub" (also known as "Melvins") is the eighth episode of the third season of the American animated television series South Park, and the 39th episode of the series overall. The episode is the second part of The Meteor Shower Trilogy, and centers upon third grader Stan Marsh and his father Randy. It premiered on Comedy Central on July 21, 1999.

The episode was written by series creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone, and David Goodman. It is noted for being the first episode in which Butters Stotch serves as an important supporting character, with substantial dialogue.

Plot
After dropping Shelly off at Cartman's home, the Marshes and Stan are off to a party at the home of Mr. Mackey. Stan is upset that he has to go and becomes even more angered when he is locked in a room with nerdy "Melvin" classmates that he does not like: Pip, Butters, and Dougie. After finding a box of women's clothing, the three insist on playing Charlie's Angels, and an unenthusiastic Stan uses the game to find a way out of the basement to an upstairs bedroom where there are cookies and TV. Meanwhile, at the party, Mr. Mackey gives the Broflovskis and Marshes a tour of his home and leads them out to the hot tub. The wives leave Randy and Gerald outside in the hot tub, who declare the present evening to be a night of experimenting. The two talk about threesomes and decide to masturbate in front of one another. This leads to awkwardness after Randy questions his sexuality.

The ATF thinks that the party inside is a suicide cult, and that they plan to kill themselves at the start of the meteor shower. Determined to prevent this, they set up a blockade and prepare to open fire on the cult if they do not desist; at one point, a couple of party-goers leave and are immediately fatally shot (due to the ATF believing they had weapons despite them clearly not having any). The Newsman recalls that the last time the ATF did this was at the Waco siege, where their aggressive tactics resulted in the deaths of many innocent people, but the ATF dismisses him. All the while, the party-goers (who progressively become drunk) inside are unaware of their presence. Stan and the kids discover what is happening and try to speak to the ATF, but are shot at and forced to flee back inside. The kids record a video tape showing that the party inside is not a cult to the Newsman; the ATF realizes their mistake, claiming it was a "test simulation" and quickly disperse after their secret weapon, a large rocket called "The Negotiator", fires and destroys every home in the neighborhood except for Mackey's.

Inside, Randy is extremely uncomfortable being around Gerald, who is concerned about Randy's behavior. When Randy finally admits to the entire party that he and Gerald engaged in group masturbation, he is relieved upon discovering that he is not the only one to have masturbated in front of a person of the same sex. Outside, the boys rejoice their triumph of saving the day and Stan realizes that the others are just normal kids like him. All is immediately forgotten, however, when Kyle returns from Jewbilee camp and Stan goes back to his old ways, telling Kyle that he had to "spend the evening with these friggin' Melvins".

The credits roll with a parody version of Cher's "Believe" (which the ATF used to drown out the party-goers in an effort for them to submit, unaware that Mackey was playing the same song and which everyone enjoyed).

Production
Parker and Stone based much of the plot, including the ATF's use of Cher, on the Waco siege after watching the documentary Waco: The Rules of Engagement. Pam Brady provided the voice for Cher.

title: Two Guys Naked in a Hot Tub


text:
Blair Longley

Blair Timmothy Longley (born September 25, 1950) is a Canadian politician, activist, and leader of the Marijuana Party.

Early life
Blair Longley was born on September 25, 1950, in Vancouver, British Columbia and grew up in North Vancouver.

Career
Longley attended the founding meeting of the Green Party of Canada at Carleton University in November 1983. He went on to be an active member of the Rhinoceros Party of which he was an official agent from 1985 to 1987.

He joined the Marijuana Party shortly after its foundation and became the party's leader in 2004, following the resignation of Marc-Boris St-Maurice.

He has been a candidate for the House of Commons of Canada on four occasions, with three different party labels. He ran for the Green Party in the 1984 election in the riding of Burnaby placing a distant fourth of four candidates with 364 of 58,991 votes. In 1988 he ran against opposition leader John Turner, with no party affiliation, and placed ninth of twelve candidates with 52 of 54,654 votes.

Longley ran for the Bloc Pot in the 2003 Quebec provincial election. He later ran for the Marijuana Party in the riding of North Okanagan—Shuswap in 2004 and placed fifth of eight candidates with 492 of 51,765 votes, then in 2008 in the riding of Hochelaga, Quebec, placing eighth of nine with 183 of 45,683 votes.

Following the legalization of cannabis in Canada, Longley said it was "going to be harder than ever now for the Marijuana Party to exist". Only four candidates ran for the Marijuana Party in the 2019 federal election. Longley is currently the Marijuana Party's chief agent, in addition to being the Party's leader, and so is ineligible to run in federal elections. Since legalization, Longley has shifted the Marijuana Party's message towards scrutinizing the "rapid capitalization" of the drug.

title: Blair Longley


text:
Fire (1996 film)

Fire is a 1996 Indo-Canadian erotic romantic drama film written and directed by Deepa Mehta, starring Shabana Azmi and Nandita Das. It is the first installment of Mehta's Elements trilogy; it is succeeded by Earth (1998) and Water (2005).

The film is loosely based on Ismat Chughtai's 1942 story, "Lihaaf" ("The Quilt"). Fire is one of the first mainstream Bollywood films to explicitly show homosexual relations, and the first to feature a lesbian relationship. After its 1998 release in India, activists staged several protests, setting off a flurry of public dialogue around issues such as homosexuality and freedom of speech.

Plot
The film opens with young Radha sitting in a mustard field with her parents. Her mother tells her a tale of a person who wanted to see the ocean, but Radha says that she does not understand the moral of the story.

The film flashes forward to Sita, a newly married woman on honeymoon with her husband Jatin, who is distant and shows little interest in Sita. Jatin is in a typical joint-family arrangement – he lives with his older brother Ashok, his sister-in-law Radha, his paralysed mother Biji and the family servant Mundu. Ashok and Jatin run a small store that sells food and rents videotapes.

Jatin shows no care for Sita, and she learns that he only agreed to the arranged marriage in order to put an end to Ashok's nagging. Jatin continues to date his modern Asian girlfriend, and Sita does not rebuke him. The rest of Jatin's home is not rosy either. Biji is immobile and speechless after a stroke, and Sita and Radha must constantly attend to her. Sita spends her days slaving in the hot kitchen, and finds herself lonely and frustrated at night because Jatin is out with his girlfriend. She yearns to break out of this stifling situation.

It is revealed that Radha faces a similar problem. Many years ago, Ashok had come under the influence of Swamiji, a local religious preacher, who teaches that desires are the cause of suffering and must be suppressed. Ashok is completely taken by these monastic teachings and suppresses all his desires. He also donates large sums from the meager store income to treat the Swamiji's hydrocele condition. The Swamiji teaches that sexual contact is permitted only as a means for procreation, and Radha is infertile. Accordingly, Ashok aims to stamp out all his desires and has not slept with Radha for the past thirteen years. He puts Radha through an excruciating ritual in which they lie motionless next to each other whenever he wants to test his resolve. Radha is racked with guilt over her inability to have children and driven to frustration by the ritual.

While the older Radha remains bound by tradition and subdued into silence, the younger Sita refuses to accept her fate. Sita's attitude slowly spills over onto Radha, who becomes slightly more assertive. One evening, shunned by their husbands and driven to desperation by their unfulfilled longings, Radha and Sita seek solace in each other and become lovers. Overjoyed at finding satisfaction in this manner, they continue it in secret. They eventually realise their love for each other and start looking for ways to move out. The pair's daily antics and adventures are witnessed by Biji, who disapproves, but is unable to stop them. After some time, Mundu becomes aware of their relationship, and he causes Ashok to walk in on Radha and Sita.

Ashok is horrified. He is also shattered when he finds this incident has stoked his own long-dormant desire. Sita decides to pack her belongings and leave the house immediately, while Radha stays behind in order to talk to her husband. The women promise to meet each other later that night. Ashok confronts Radha, who overcomes her subservience and pours out her emotions. Amid this argument, Radha's sari catches fire, and Ashok angrily watches her burn without helping. Radha puts out the flames and recalls her mother's advice from when she was young – she can finally see her ocean.

An injured Radha leaves Ashok, moving out in order to join Sita.

Production
The film had a budget of $800,000 and the crew deferred their salaries, worth $450,000.

Controversies and reaction
Fire was passed uncut by India's film certification board (the Central Board of Film Certification) in May 1998 with a rating of Adult, the only condition being that the character Sita's name be changed to Nita. The board made their decision based on what it called the importance of the story for Indian women. The film was first screened on 13 November 1998 and ran to full houses in 42 theaters in most metropolitan cities throughout India for almost three weeks.

On 2 December, more than 200 Shiv Sainiks stormed a Cinemax theatre in suburban Goregaon in Mumbai, smashing glass panes, burning posters and shouting slogans. They compelled managers to refund tickets to moviegoers. On 3 December, a Regal theatre in Delhi was similarly stormed. Mina Kulkarni, one of the Delhi protesters explained the reasoning behind their actions: "If women's physical needs get fulfilled through lesbian acts, the institution of marriage will collapse, reproduction of human beings will stop". Bajrang Dal workers with lathis invaded Rajpalace and Rajmahal in Surat, breaking up everything in sight and driving away frightened audiences. Some of the rioters set fire to theatres screening the film.

Theatres in Surat and Pune stopped screening the film on the same day. When attackers attempted to shut down a screening in Calcutta, however, ushers and audience fought back and the movie stayed open. Twenty-nine people were arrested in Mumbai in connection with these incidents. Chief Minister Manohar Joshi supported the actions to shut down screenings of Fire: "I congratulate them for what they have done. The film's theme is alien to our culture".

On 4 December, the film was referred back to the Certifying Board for a re-examination by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. The Indian government was criticised for siding with the vandals. On 5 December a group of film personalities and free speech activists, including Deepa Mehta, Indian movie star Dilip Kumar, and director Mahesh Bhatt, submitted a 17-page petition to the Supreme Court asking that a "sense of security" be provided, in addition to basic protection, so that the film could be screened smoothly. The petition referenced articles 14, 19, 21, 25 of the Indian Constitution, which promise the right to equality, life and liberty, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of conscience, free expression of religious practice and belief, and the right to hold peaceful meetings. On being asked the reason for discomfort, Dilip Kumar said that he has not seen the film and was not much concerned about its content but rather the kind of vandalism that takes place on their cultural life, whenever such issue comes up.

On 7 December, Mehta led a candlelit protest in New Delhi with activists from 32 organisations, including CALERI, against the withdrawal of Fire, carrying placards, shouting anti-Shiv Sena slogans and crying for the freedom of right to expression. On 12 December about 60 Shiv Sena men stripped down to their underwear and squatted in front of Dilip Kumar's house to protest his support of Fire. 22 were arrested and Kumar, as well as others involved in the production of the film were provided with police security.

Cinemax reopened screenings of Fire on 18 December, but a hundred members of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) vandalised posters at the Sundar Theatre in Kanpur despite the police commissioner's reassurance that protection has been arranged. Fire was re-released without cuts by the Censor Board on 12 February 1999. Theatre screenings were resumed on 26 February and continued without incident.

Fire and lesbian rights in India
Fire and the conversation that began around the movie's general reception, both by supporters and detractors, encouraged lesbians and gay rights activists in India to be more vocal about their existence and the erasure of queerness from India's historical heritage. The release of this movie corresponded with the beginning of widespread national conversation about lesbian and gay rights. A new lesbian rights group, calling themselves the Campaign for Lesbian Rights (CALERI), formed in response to the backlash. This group held their own peaceful gatherings across India.

Reception
In the weeks following its release, reviewers praised the film's explicit depiction of a homosexual relationship as "gutsy", "explosive", and "pathbreaking". Following the Shiv Sena attacks on the film, prominent party members said Fire had been targeted because it was an "immoral and pornographic" film "against Indian tradition and culture". The lesbian relationship depicted in the film was criticised as "not a part of Indian history or culture". Other politicians of the Hindu right voiced fears that the film would "spoil [Indian] women" and younger generations by teaching "happy wives not to depend on their husbands" and informing the public about "acts of perversion". Speaking on the dangers of Fire, Shiv Sena chief Bal Thackeray compared lesbianism to "a sort of a social AIDS" which might "spread like an epidemic". Furthermore, Thackery claimed that the film was an attack on Hinduism because the protagonists were named Sita and Radha, both significant goddesses in Hindu belief, and that he would withdraw his objections to the film if the names were changed to Muslim names.

A statement issued from the Shiv Sena's women's wing said: "If women's physical needs get fulfilled through lesbian acts, the institution of marriage will collapse, reproduction of human beings will stop". Critics charged the Shiv Sena of committing "cultural terrorism" and of using the rhetoric of "Indian tradition" to protest images of female independence and suppress freedom of speech: "The justification for [Shiv Sena's] action... demonstrates that Indian 'culture' for the Sangh Parivar is defined essentially in terms of male control over female sexuality".

Gay activist Ashok Row Kavi criticised the Shiv Sena's protests as "gay-bashing" and disputed their claims that lesbianism was "against Indian tradition", indicating that homosexuality is in fact abundantly present in Hinduism and that the criminalisation of homosexuality in India was a legacy of British colonial rule and Christianity. Pointing to evidence of lesbianism in Indian tradition, he said: "What's wrong in two women having sex? If they think it doesn't happen in the Indian society they should see the sculptures of Khajuraho or Konark".

Feminist critics of Mehta's films argue that Mehta's portrayal of women and gender relations is over-simplified. Noted Indian feminist authors Mary E. John and Tejaswini Niranjana wrote in 1999 that Fire reduces patriarchy to the denial and control of female sexuality. The authors make the point that the film traps itself in its own rendering of patriarchy: Control of female sexuality is surely one of the ideological planks on which patriarchy rests. But by taking this idea literally, the film imprisons itself in the very ideology it seeks to fight, its own version of authentic reality being nothing but a mirror image of patriarchal discourse. Fire ends up arguing that the successful assertion of sexual choice is not only a necessary but also a sufficient condition—indeed, the sole criterion—for the emancipation of women. Thus the patriarchal ideology of 'control' is first reduced to pure denial – as though such control did not also involve the production and amplification of sexuality – and is later simply inverted to produce the film's own vision of women's liberation as free sexual 'choice'. (1999:582) Whatever subversive potential Fire might have had (as a film that makes visible the 'naturalised' hegemony of heterosexuality in contemporary culture, for example) is nullified by its largely masculinist assumption that men should not neglect the sexual needs of their wives, lest they turn lesbian (1999:583). The authors additionally argue that viewers must ask tough questions from films such as Fire that place themselves in the realm of "alternative" cinema and aim to occupy not only aesthetic, but also political space (Economic and Political Weekly, 6–13 March 1999).

Madhu Kishwar, then-editor of Manushi, wrote a highly critical review of Fire, finding fault with the depiction of the characters in the film as a "mean spirited caricature of middle class family life among urban Indians". She claimed that homosexuality was socially accepted in India as long as it remained a private affair, adding that Mehta "did a disservice to the cause of women... by crudely pushing the Radha-Sita relationship into the lesbian mould", as women would now be unable to form intimate relationships with other women without being branded as lesbians.

Deepa Mehta expressed frustration in interviews that the film was consistently described as a lesbian film. She said "lesbianism is just another aspect of the film...Fire is not a film about lesbians", but rather about "the choices we make in life".

In 2010, veteran film critic and activist Shoni Ghosh wrote a book named Fire: A Queer Film Classic that studies in detail the movie as well the controversies ignited by the film. The book detail the situations that lead to the chaos and its aftermath.

Soundtrack
The soundtrack was composed and performed by A. R. Rahman except for tracks "Ramayan" and "Allah Hu". "Julie's Theme" and "China Town" were added as bonus tracks and were not used in the movie. A. R. Rahman reused or reworked some of his acclaimed songs from Bombay.

title: Fire (1996 film)


text:
LyondellBasell

LyondellBasell Industries N.V. is an American multinational chemical company incorporated in the Netherlands with U.S. operations headquartered in Houston, Texas, and offices in London, UK. The company is the largest licensor of polyethylene and polypropylene technologies. It also produces ethylene, propylene, polyolefins, and oxyfuels.

LyondellBasell was formed in December 2007 by the acquisition of Lyondell Chemical Company by Basell Polyolefins for $12.7 billion. As of 2016, Lyondell was the third largest independent chemical manufacturer in the United States.

Early history
Since its establishment in 1985 from facilities belonging to the Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO), the company grew through stock swaps with Occidental Chemicals and Millennium Chemicals in 1997, which formed Equistar Chemicals of which each entity were partners. Lyondell purchased the outstanding shares from each of its partners to gain total control of Equistar which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Lyondell. Lyondell bought ARCO Chemical in 1998 for $5.6 billion including ARCO's entire 82.2% ownership stake. In 2004, Lyondell purchased Millennium Chemicals in a stock-swap deal at $2.3 billion. In August 2006, Lyondell acquired Citgo's interest in the Lyondell-Citgo Refinery for $2.1 billion, and renamed the facility Houston Refining.

Chemical maker Basell Polyolefins purchased Lyondell in December 2007, creating the new company LyondellBasell Industries AF S.C.A., one of the largest chemical companies in the world at that time. It was owned by Access Industries, a privately held, U.S.-based industrial group. LyondellBasell is the third largest independent chemical manufacturer in the world and is headquartered in Houston and Rotterdam.

Expansion

LyondellBasell's United States operations filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in January 2009, and emerged from bankruptcy in April 2010. Its former parent company, LyondellBasell Industries AF S.C.A. was replaced by LyondellBasell Industries N.V. It was listed on the New York Stock Exchange on October 14, 2010.

In 2012, 1 Houston Center, the building housing LyondellBasell's Houston headquarters since 1986, was renamed LyondellBasell Tower. In 2014, LyondellBasell announced that it was installing two large cracking furnaces at its Channelview plant, and the following year the company announced it would double production capacity at the Bayport Underwood plant. LyondellBasell acquired the compounding assets of Zylog Plastalloys, an India-based company, in November 2015. The acquisition made LyondellBasell the third largest poly (propylene) materials producer in India.

In June 2016, LyondellBasell announced a factory in Northern China. It was the third facility for LyondellBasell to open in China, following Guangzhou and Suzhou.

In September 2016, LyondellBasell announced that it would build a $700 million polyethylene plant at the La Porte manufacturing complex on the Houston Ship Channel that would produce 1.1 billion pounds of polyethylene annually. The company started construction on a La Porte plant in May 2017.

The company completed an expansion of its Corpus Christi ethylene plant in January 2017. The plant's capacity was increased by 50 percent to produce 2.5 billion pounds annually. That same year, Hurricane Harvey hit the United States and affected the company's Texas Gulf Coast operations. The Houston Ship Channel was temporarily closed, which prevented crude tankers from reaching refineries. The La Porte facility was damaged but came back online in late October.

In December 2017, LyondellBasell partnered with Suez, a French water and waste management company, in the first joint venture between a major plastics and chemicals company and a resource management company.

LyondellBasell and Odebrecht entered into exclusive talks for LYB to acquire control of Braskem in June 2018, but did not consummate the acquisition.

During July 2018, LyondellBasell announced a partnership with Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Germany to advance chemical recycling of plastic materials and assist the global efforts towards the circular economy and plastic waste recycling needs. The focus of the venture is to develop a new catalyst and process technology to decompose post-consumer plastic waste, such as packaging, into monomers for reuse in polymerization processes.

In August 2018, LyondellBasell finalized their acquisition of A. Schulman Inc. in a $2.25 billion deal. That same month, it broke ground on the world's largest propylene oxide and tertiary butyl alcohol plant in Channelview, Texas. The plant is estimated to produce 1 billion pounds of propylene oxide and 2.2 billion pounds of tertiary butyl alcohol annually. LyondellBasell will export the majority of its products via the Houston Ship Channel.

LyondellBasell also announced in September that it and its joint partner, Covestro, kicked-off a large investment project in Maasvlakte-Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The Circular Steam Project incorporates an innovative technology into the existing production plant, to convert its water-based waste into energy and is an important contribution to the Dutch government's reduction targets.

In December 2023, LyondellBasell sold its ethylene oxide and derivatives business to INEOS for $700 million.

Philanthropy
LyondellBasell holds an annual Global Care Day. Company employees volunteer for community service projects in 20 countries.

Awards and recognition
The American Chemistry Council recognized LyondellBasell with its Responsible Care Company of the Year award in 2014. In 2015, the American Heart Association recognized LyondellBasell's Cincinnati Technology Center with the Fit-Friendly Worksite Platinum Award. The Fit-Friendly program emphasizes employee health and company culture surrounding physical health.

LyondellBasell was named #2 on the list of Top 25 Foreign-owned Chemical Producers by Chemical & Engineering News in both 2015 and 2016. In 2016, Houston Business Journal recognized LyondellBasell as the third largest Houston-based public company.

In 2018, LyondellBasell was named to Fortune Magazine's list of the World's Most Admired Companies. Additionally, Bob Patel received the 2018 ICIS Kavaler Award in September. The winner of the ICIS Kavaler Award is selected by his/her peers — the senior executives of the ICIS Top 40 Power Players listing, a global ranking of the leaders making the greatest positive impact on their companies and the chemical industry published in ICIS Chemical Business magazine.

Environmental issues
LyondellBasell's, among other petrochemical facilities at Berre-L'Étang, France, are regularly criticized in the French media and by local authorities for their large-scale flaring activities generating, among other nuisances, giant smoke plumes with lengths reaching dozens of miles. The concomitant atmospheric pollution includes organic chemical compounds such as carcinogenic benzene, butadiene and toluene. Not only the nearby cities of Vitrolles, Rognac and Marignane suffer from this pollution, but it is also held responsible for the deterioration of the air quality in the city center of Marseille, at an approximate distance of 20 km from LyondellBasell's facility.

Similar concerns were raised about flaring activities on other LyondellBasell sites, e.g. the Corpus Christi facility and the Lake Charles facility.

Manufacturing facilities
• Morris, Illinois
 * North American manufacturing facilities

• Tuscola, Illinois

• Clinton, Iowa

• Evansville, Indiana

• Lake Charles, Louisiana

• Lansing, Michigan - Business and Technical Center

• Edison, New Jersey

• Newark, New Jersey

• Cincinnati, Ohio - Technology Center

• Fairport Harbor, Ohio

• Bayport, Texas

• Beaumont, Texas

• Channelview, Texas

• Chocolate Bayou, Texas

• Corpus Christi, Texas

• Equistar Pipelines, Texas

• Houston, Texas - refinery, technology center

• La Porte, Texas

• Mansfield, Texas

• Matagorda, Texas

• Mont Belvieu, Texas

• Victoria, Texas

• Jackson, Tennessee

• Altamira, Mexico

• Pindamonhangaba, Brazil
 * South American manufacturing facilities

• Bornem, Belgium
 * European manufacturing facilities

• Fos-sur-Mer, France

• Berre-l'Étang, France

• Bayreuth, Germany

• Frankfurt, Germany

• Münchsmünster, Germany

• Ludwigshafen, Germany

• Wesseling / Knapsack, Germany

• 's-Gravendeel, Netherlands

• Botlek, Netherlands

• Maasvlakte, Netherlands

• Moerdijk, Netherlands

• Rotterdam, Netherlands

• Brindisi, Italy

• Ferrara, Italy

• Tarragona, Spain

• Carrington, United Kingdom

• Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

• Sinnar, Nasik, Maharashtra
 * Asian manufacturing facilities

• Chennai, Tamil Nadu

• Dalian, China

• Guangzhou, China

• Ningbo, China

• Geelong, Victoria - homopolymer PP plant, analytical laboratory
 * Australian facilities

title: LyondellBasell


text:
User:Jondel/RFCRickk

I see Rickk on the same side on many of the voting forums and seems like a good administrator. I am however disappointed with his behaviour in the Waking the Tiger deletion issue. So if you lose a VfD vote, all you have to do is rename the article, strip off the VfD headers, and get a new chance with new votes? RickK 05:53, Mar 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Trollish behaviour
 * Misinterpreting /misrepresenting me as a schemer:

 * I'm trying to manipulate anybody, the book can be life transforming for some people!!

The reason I'm so intent on deletion is because you're trying to make an end run around the VfD process by changing the name and stripping off the VfD header. This article was clearly voted for deletion, and your manipulations are inappropriate. RickK 05:06, Mar 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Assumes the worst in people:

I AM NOT MANIPULATING, I informed the administrators before acting based on suggestions of the supporters at the Vfd page!!!

'The same nonsense that was in the first article is in this one. The whole Medusa business. This is almost word-for-word from the first article. Whether or not this is a book review, the same wording applies. RickK 21:05, Mar 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Disregard of deletion /undeletion policy.
 * I find this very rude!!:

 * Nonsense huh?!!! What does it take to convince that healing trauma is not nonsense? A traumatic experience? As of this writing, THERE ARE 10 KEEP VOTES. Only 1 abstain, NO DELETE VOTES and a lot of frustations that I had to go through to get an article which I already knew should be notable. Why do I have to go through this?!!

 * Inconsistent, violates his own rules:

Why can't it just be speedied as re-creation of deleted material? Andrew Lenahan - Starblind 14:23, Mar 22, 2005 (UTC) I would love to. RickK 21:05, Mar 22, 2005 (UTC)

 * And goes right ahead with what he loves to and unilaterally deletes it the article anyway. Deserves the oscar for pretending to be sincere.--Jondel 04:08, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Uses my very own words to misrepresent me or twist things around:

The diff doesn't work. But please note that even Jondel him/herself, in the edit summary, said Removed redirect, added and copied contents from How to heal traumas. So Jondel acknoweldged that the information in the article was copied from the VfD'd article. This was a violation of consensus, a violation of the VfD process, and not acting in good faith because Jondel has claimed all along that the information was different when even his/her own edit summary says otherwise. RickK 06:31, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)

RICK PLEASE DO NOT TWIST THINGS AROUND!!!!

Rick, if you are going to continue being and administrator, ask yourself why people do things, then make your judgement.

 * Stubborn in a an unproductive way. Despite the fact that How to Heal Traumas and Waking the Tiger have very different contents, he insists on deleting Waking the Tiger as a recreation of How to Heal Traumas.

title: User:Jondel/RFCRickk


text:
Walter P. Kellenberg

Walter Philip Kellenberg (June 3, 1901 – January 11, 1986) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as bishop of the Diocese of Rockville Centre on Long Island, New York, from 1957 to 1976.

Kellenberg previously served as bishop of the Diocese of Ogdensburg in Northern New York from 1954 to 1957 and as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of New York from later 1953 to early 1954.

Early life
Walter Kellenberg was born on June 3, 1901, in the Bronx, New York, to Conrad and Elizabeth (née Kern) Kellenberg. He had two brothers and two sisters. Walter Kellenbergy received his early education at the parochial school of St. Anthony of Padua Parish in the Bronx. He then attended Fordham Preparatory School in the Bronx, graduating there in 1919. Deciding to become a priest, he then entered Cathedral College in Queens, New York.

Kellenberg continued his preparation for the priesthood at St. Joseph's Seminary in Yonkers, New York. He also took courses in real estate, insurance, and business administration at Columbia University in Manhattan.

Priesthood
Kellenberg was ordained to the priesthood for the Archdiocese of New York at St. Patrick's Cathedral in Manhattan on June 2, 1928 by Cardinal Patrick Hayes. After his 1928 ordination, the archdiocese assigned Kellenberg as curate at St. Mary's Parish in the Rosebank neighborhood of Staten Island, New York.

In 1934, he was transferred to St. Paul's Parish in Manhattan and appointed to the archdiocesan curia. Within a year, Kellenberg became a curate at St. Patrick's Cathedral Parish, and was named assistant chancellor and secretary of the archdiocesan Commission for Real Estate and Insurance in 1939.

Kellenberg became temporary administrator of St. John the Baptist Parish in Staten Island. and St. Nicholas Parish in Manhattan, and was named vice-chancellor in 1942. He was named a papal chamberlain in 1943, and served as secretary to Cardinal Francis Spellman from 1947 to 1950. He was also named chancellor of the archdiocese in 1947. The Vatican elevated Kellenberg to the rank of domestic prelate in 1948 and the archdiocese named him moderator of the coordinating committee of the Catholic Lay Organization in 1951.

Auxiliary Bishop of New York
On August 25, 1953, Kellenberg was appointed as an auxiliary bishop of New York and titular bishop of Ioannina by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on October 5, 1953 at St. Patrick's Cathedral from Cardinal James McIntyre, with Bishops William Scully and Joseph Flannelly serving as co-consecrators.

Bishop of Ogdensburg
After only three months as auxiliary bishop in New York, Pius XII named Kellenberg as the sixth bishop of Ogdensburg on January 19, 1954. That same year, Kellenberg received an honorary Doctorate of Laws degree from Fordham University in the Bronx. In Ogdensburg he, expanded the Departments of Education and Catechetics and opened new parochial schools. He also created catechism classes for Catholic students going to public schools and established a youth ministry. He also led Marian rallies and processions in the diocese.

Bishop of Rockville Centre
Kellenberg remained in Ogdensburg for three years, until Pius XII appointed him as the first bishop of Rockville Centre on April 16, 1957. He founded the diocesan chapter of Catholic Charities that same year.

In 1958, Kellenberg dedicated the first permanent buildings for the Molloy College for Women in Rockville Centre.

On April 12, 1959, at Mitchel Air Force Base in Long Island, New York, Kellenberg dedicated the medal of Our Lady of Loreto, the patron saint of air travelers and pilots .From 1962 to 1965, he attended all four sessions of the Second Vatican Council in Rome. Three colleges, eighteen high schools and a number of parish schools were established during his tenure.

Retirement and legacy
Shortly before reaching the mandatory retirement age of 75, Kellenberg resigned as bishop on May 3, 1976. Kellenberg died on January 11, 1986, from a cardiac arrest at Mercy Hospital in Rockville Centre at age 84.

 * Kellenberg Memorial High School in Uniondale, New York is named in his honor.
 * A stained glass window in St. Boniface Church in Elmont, New York depicts Pope John XXIII welcoming Kellenberg to the council.
 * Kellenberg's coat of arms appears in the stained glass window of the formal lounge in Queen's Court on Fordham's Rose Hill Campus.
 * The Hicksville Knights of Columbus Council 728 is named in honor of Kellenberg.

Discrimination
In 1963, Kellenberg called from greater understanding among people, saying it was a remedy for discrimination. He stated, "Only equal opportunity for all can make the American dream of justice a reality for our citizens."

title: Walter P. Kellenberg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Battery explosion

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 03:21, 7 May 2005 (UTC)

Battery explosion
this is basically what I could get off the back of a box, isn't it? Or is it a dicdef? Regardless, I'd say Merge with Battery (electricity). 03:44, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * If you want it merged, be bold and do it. android↔talk 03:49, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep this is an important subject. Much possible room for growth. Exploding Lead acid batteries (Gas accumulation), overheating Li-ion batteries(Steam explosion), etc Klonimus 04:16, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * See, Android? This is exactly why I wasn't sure. It sure is a grey area... Master Thief Garrett 04:23, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep, I agree this is probably important enough for its own article but it needs serious expansion if it stays. Megan1967 05:26, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Atlant 12:59, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Possibility for expansion, let's see if it happens. TigerShark 14:13, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Important topic. —Markaci 2005-04-24 T 16:11 Z
 * Ke-BOOM! Soundguy99 04:13, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC) (slightly singed)
 * Keep and expand. KTC 15:42, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep seems like a useful topic to me 69.136.234.155
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Overcharging

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Merge with battery explosion and redirect. moink 11:27, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

Overcharging
back-of-the-box stuff; merge with Battery (electricity)? Master Thief Garrett 03:44, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Battery Explosion. Klonimus 04:17, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Battery explosion. Megan1967 05:27, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Battery explosion. TigerShark 14:14, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge → Battery explosion. —Markaci 2005-04-24 T 17:36 Z
 * merge seems fair Yuckfoo 00:59, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Joseph Naper

Joseph Naper, also known as "Joe Naper" and "Captain Joseph Naper" (1798–1862), was an early Illinois pioneer, ship captain, shipbuilder, businessman, surveyor, state militia officer, soldier, politician, and city planner. In 1831, Naper and his brother John were credited with founding Naper's Settlement. Besides Galena, Illinois (1827) and Dixon, Illinois (1830), Naper's Settlement was one of the oldest Illinois communities to be established west of Fort Dearborn, now Chicago. Naper's Settlement would be renamed Naperville, becoming the oldest town and first county seat of DuPage County, Illinois, later moved by county vote in 1868 and displaced by Wheaton.

Early life
Joseph Naper was born in Bennington, Vermont, and traveled west with his parents during his youth to Ashtabula, Ohio, where he learned to be a ship builder from his father, Robert Naper, of Alwyn, Scotland. In 1809, Joseph Naper's sister Amy Naper married John Murray of Ashtabula, Ohio, who would later become one of the founding settlers of Naperville, Illinois. The Naper family ships traded goods on the Great Lakes, frequently stopping at Fort Dearborn on Lake Michigan. On an early trip, Naper acquired lots near the fort, as did many of the first settlers to reach the Chicago River port.

Town builder and politician
On a later trip in 1831, on the Telegraph, a ship built by Joseph Naper, he was joined by his brother John Naper. The Naper families and five other families settled in the area, first known as Naper's Settlement, which later would become a part of DuPage County. Joseph Naper platted the town of Naperville, surveying the property and was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives for the first time in 1836. Here, Naper laid the groundwork and supervised passage of the 1839 bill which separated DuPage County from Cook County. Joseph Naper also served on the same committee with Abraham Lincoln, then a newly elected legislator from the Springfield area.

Military service
Joseph Naper served as an Illinois Militia captain in the Black Hawk War of 1832 and was one of the many DuPage County men who served in the Mexican War of 1846.

Businessman and village president
In the 1850s, Joseph Naper was one of the founding stockholders for the short-lived "Southwest Plank Road", now Ogden Avenue/U.S. Route 34, which improved transportation between Aurora, Illinois, and Chicago. Another major plank road stockholder was Colonel Julius M. Warren of nearby Warrenville. Joseph Naper returned to the Illinois General Assembly in 1852. His aggressive actions again provided a means for establishing new communities within the state of Illinois. In 1857, Naper became the first village president of Naperville. As many early settlers had done, Naper engaged in a number of trades and businesses as he helped to develop Naperville and Dupage County.

Death
On August 23, 1862, Joseph Naper died in Naperville, Illinois and was buried in Naperville Cemetery.

title: Joseph Naper


text:
Squadron of Evolution

The Squadron of Evolution—sometimes referred to as the "White Squadron"— was a transitional unit in the United States Navy during the late 19th century. It was probably inspired by the French "Escadre d'évolution" of the 18th and 19th centuries. The squadron was composed of the protected cruisers USS Atlanta (1884), USS Boston (1884), USS Chicago (1885), and dispatch boats USS Dolphin (PG-24) and USS Yorktown (PG-1). Yorktown′s sister ships USS Bennington (PG-4) and USS Concord (PG-3) joined the squadron in 1891.

Rear Admiral John G. Walker served as its Commander with Chicago as his flagship. Walker was a proponent of the relatively new practice of concentrating ships into formations controlled by a single commander, and used his position to carry out exercises in squadron tactics, ship-to-ship signalling, and landing operations. Having both full rigged masts and steam engines, the White Squadron was also influential in the beginning of steel shipbuilding in the United States.

Following a period of sea trials in the fall of 1889, the squadron was first set underway from New York on November 18, 1889. After being displayed at a public maritime celebration in Boston, the squadron sailed to Lisbon, Portugal, where Walker was received by the Portuguese government and conducted exercises to determine his ships' ability to execute coordinated maneuvers under steam. On January 17, 1890, the squadron called at Cartagena, Spain, where the vessels were toured by Spanish authorities, who gave "their favorable opinions regarding the handsome construction, clean state, and the latest sea and war improvements and perfect order of the four ships." After stops at Mahón, Toulon, Villefranche, and Spezia, the squadron headed to Corfu, where Walker carried out target practice and landing exercises. The White Squadron remained in the Mediterranean until leaving for Algiers on April 30. After arriving there, Walker received a telegram ordering the squadron to head across the Atlantic to Brazil in order to support U.S. interests there following the recent military coup. After arriving there, and being greeted with ceremony by representatives of the new government, the squadron turned back to the United States, returning to New York on July 1890.

In 1891, the White Squadron commenced a tour of the Great Lakes, which was commemorated in an album by Woolson Spice Co. At that time, the White Squadron consisted of the cruiser USS Philadelphia (C-4) under the command of Captain Frederick Rodgers, USS Charleston (C-2) under the command of Captain George C. Remey, USS Baltimore (C-3) under the command of Captain Winfield S. Schley, USS Boston (1884) under the command of Captain Gilbert C. Wise, USS Vesuvius (1888) under the command of Lieutenant Seaton Schroeder, the torpedo boat USS Cushing (TB-1) under Lieutenant Cameron McRae Winslow, USS Petrel (PG-2) under the command of Lieutenant-Commander M. R. S. McKenzie, USS Atlanta (1884) under the command of Captain John W. Philip, and USS Chicago (1885) under the command of Captain Joseph N. Miller. Some of the ships had other squadron assignments prior to the 1891 cruise.

title: Squadron of Evolution


text: User talk:69.241.237.118

title: User talk:69.241.237.118