text:
Joachim Meisner

Joachim Meisner (25 December 1933 – 5 July 2017) was a German cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was the immediate past Archbishop of Cologne, serving from 1989 until his resignation was accepted by Pope Francis in 2014. He previously served as Bishop of Berlin from 1980 to 1989, and was created a cardinal in 1983. He was widely considered to be Germany's leading conservative Roman Catholic figure.

Early life and ordination
Meisner was born in Breslau, Germany (modern Wrocław, Poland). He studied in East Germany at the seminary of Erfurt from 1959 to 1962, and was ordained a deacon on 8 April 1962. On 22 December 1962, he was ordained to the priesthood by Bishop Josef Freusberg, an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Fulda.

Between 1963 and 1975, Meisner served as chaplain at St. Giles Parish in Heiligenstadt and Holy Cross Parish in Erfurt. He also served as diocesan director of Caritas. During his pastoral ministry, he studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, earning his doctorate of theology in 1969.

Bishop
In 1975, he was elected titular Bishop of Vina and auxiliary bishop to the Apostolic Administrator Erfurt-Meiningen. He was elected as a delegate to the Fourth Synod of Bishops at the Vatican in 1977, where he renewed a friendship with Karol Wojtyła, who in 1980 as Pope John Paul II appointed Meisner Bishop of Berlin and made him Cardinal-Priest of Santa Pudenziana in the consistory of 2 February 1983.

In 1988 after the death of Joseph Höffner, Meisner was named Archbishop of Cologne, a post he continued to hold until he retired. He was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2005 papal conclave that selected Pope Benedict XVI. Meisner was the bishop in charge for the XX. World Youth Day in August 2005 in the archdiocese in Cologne that attracted more than one million people.

On 18 September 2012, Meisner was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI as a Synod Father for the October 2012 Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops.

In January 2013, two Catholic hospitals refused to provide a "morning after pill" to a rape victim based on Church policy that treats such medications as abortifacients. Meisner apologized and approved the use of some such pills for rape victims based on the belief that they prevented fertilization and did not induce abortion. He said that if "a medication that hinders conception is used after a rape with the purpose of avoiding fertilization, then this is acceptable in my view." The German Bishops' Conference endorsed his policy on 21 February, distinguishing between different types of morning after pills.

Meisner participated in the 2013 papal conclave that elected Pope Francis. At Pope Francis' inauguration, Meisner was one of the six cardinals who made the public act of obedience on behalf of the College of Cardinals.

On 25 December 2013, Cardinal Meisner turned 80 and lost the right to participate in future conclaves and he submitted his resignation, which Pope Francis accepted on 28 February 2014. Diocesan administrator Stefan Heße led the archdiocese until a successor, Rainer Woelki, was appointed on 11 July and installed as Archbishop on 20 September 2014.

Meisner died on 5 July 2017 while vacationing in Bad Füssing in Bavaria.

In 2020, Cardinal Woelki accused Cardinal Meisner of covering up sexual abuse. Woelki said how “Serious mistakes were repeatedly made for decades”, Woelki said and how those responsible had behaved “completely irresponsibly”, and must therefore be “discovered and named”.

Papacy and Magisterium
Meisner was known for his support of the Pope and of the teachings of the Church. Pope John Paul II asked for Cardinal Meisner to see him when he was in the Gemelli Hospital in Rome. Meisner had a very close relationship to Pope John Paul II and was a long-time friend of Joseph Ratzinger, later Pope Benedict XVI.

He said that Benedict "has the intelligence of 12 professors and is as pious as a child on the day of his first Communion."

In 2009, Meisner "approached [Pope] Benedict on behalf of a number of cardinals to ask him to dump his Secretary of State, Italian Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone." "According to the interview in the Frankfurter Rundschau, Meisner told Benedict: 'Your Holiness, you have to make Cardinal Bertone resign! He has the responsibility, like in a secular government.' According to Meisner, Benedict's response was: 'Listen to me carefully. Bertone will remain! Enough, enough, enough.'"

Culture and liturgy
"Wherever culture is separated from the worship of God, cult atrophies in ritualism and culture becomes degenerate", said Meisner at the blessing of his own archdiocese's new art museum, the Kolumba, on 14 September 2007. His choice of words recalled the phrase "entartete Kunst" ("degenerate art") used as the title of the exhibition opened by Adolf Hitler in Munich on 19 July 1937 and provoked strong negative reaction.

It was widely recognized that Meisner was criticizing the stained-glass window in Cologne Cathedral by Gerhard Richter, which was unveiled just weeks before and of which he disapproved.

Amoris laetitia
In April 2016, Pope Francis issued the apostolic exhortation Amoris laetitia. Meisner and three other cardinals (Carlo Caffarra, Walter Brandmüller and Raymond Leo Burke) submitted dubia (doubts) in private, followed by a public letter ("Seeking Clarity: A Plea to Untie the Knots in Amoris Laetitia") in November 2016, asking Francis to clarify various points of doctrine. The first dubia asked about the reception of the sacraments by the divorced and remarried. The public letter asked about fundamental issues of the Christian life and referenced Pope John Paul II's encyclical Veritatis splendor. In April 2017, following no reply to their letter, the cardinals requested a meeting with Francis, but there had been no response to this request by June 2017.

While waiting for a response from Francis, Pope Emeritus Benedict wrote a letter complimentary of Cardinal Meisner, in spite of the latter being "a fierce critic of Francis who spoke out against the pontiff allowing remarried divorcees to receive holy communion", according to The Guardian.

Select published works

 * Die Fürstin und der Kardinal: Ein Gespräch über Glauben und Tradition, with Princess Gloria of Thurn and Taxis (Verlag Herder, 2008) ISBN 9783451298714

title: Joachim Meisner


text:
Bernabò Visconti

Bernabò or Barnabò Visconti (1323 – 19 December 1385) was an Italian soldier and statesman who was Lord of Milan. Along with his brothers Matteo and Galeazzo II, he inherited the lordship of Milan from his uncle Giovanni. Later in 1355, he and Galeazzo II were rumoured to have murdered their brother Matteo since he endangered the regime. When Galeazzo II died, he shared Milan's lordship with his nephew Gian Galeazzo. Bernabò was a ruthless despot toward his subjects and did not hesitate to face emperors and popes, including Pope Urban V. The conflict with the Church caused him several excommunications. On 6 May 1385, his nephew Gian Galeazzo deposed him. Imprisoned in his castle, Trezzo sull'Adda, he died a few months later, presumably from poisoning.

Life
Bernabò was born in Milan, the son of Stefano Visconti and Valentina Doria. From 1346 to 1349 he lived in exile, until he was called back by his uncle Giovanni Visconti. On 27 September 1350 Bernabò married Beatrice Regina della Scala, daughter of Mastino II, Lord of Verona and Taddea da Carrara, and forged both a political and cultural alliance between the two cities. His intrigues and ambitions kept him at war almost continuously with Pope Urban V, the Florentines, Venice, and Savoy. In 1354, at the death of Giovanni, he inherited the power of Milan, together with his brothers Matteo and Galeazzo. Bernabò received the eastern lands (Bergamo, Brescia, Cremona and Crema), that bordered the Veronese territories. Milan itself was to be ruled in turn by the three brothers. Matteo died in 1355, rumoured to have been poisoned by his brothers, who divided his inheritance.

In 1356, after having offended the emperor, he pushed back a first attack upon Milan by the imperial vicar Markward von Randeck, imprisoning him. In 1360 he was declared heretic by Innocent VI at Avignon and condemned by Emperor Charles IV. The ensuing conflict ended with a dismal defeat at San Ruffillo against the imperial troops under Galeotto I Malatesta (29 July 1361). In 1362, after the death of his sister's husband, Ugolino Gonzaga, caused him to attack also Mantua. Warring on several different fronts, in December of that year he sued for peace with the new pope, Urban V, through the mediation of King John II of France. However, because Barnabò neglected to return the papal city of Bologna and to present himself at Avignon, on 4 March 1363 he was excommunicated once more, together with his children, one of whom, Ambrogio, was captured by the Papal commander Gil de Albornoz. With the peace signed on 13 March 1364, Visconti left the occupied Papal lands, in exchange for the raising of the ban upon a payment of 500,000 florins.

In the spring of 1368 Visconti allied with Cansignorio della Scala of Verona, and attacked Mantua, still ruled by Ugolino Gonzaga. The situation was settled later in the year through an agreement between him and the emperor. Two years later he besieged Reggio, which he managed to acquire from Gonzaga in 1371. The following war against the Este of Modena and Ferrara raised again Papal enmity against the Milanese, now on the part of Gregory XI. In 1370, he ordered the construction of the Trezzo Bridge, then the largest single-arch bridge in the world.

In 1373, the pope sent two papal delegates to serve Bernabò and Galeazzo their excommunication papers (consisting of a parchment bearing a leaden seal rolled in a silken cord). Bernabò, infuriated, placed the two papal delegates under arrest and refused their release until they had eaten the parchment, seal, and silken cord which they had served him. He managed to resist, despite also the outbreak of a plague in Milan, whose consequences he suppressed with frantic energy. In 1378 he allied with the Republic of Venice in its War of Chioggia against Genoa. His troops were however defeated in September 1379 in the Val Bisagno.

Bernabò, whose despotism and taxes had enraged the Milanese, is featured among the exempla of tyrants as victims of Fortune in Chaucer's Monk's Tale as "god of delit and scourge of Lumbardye". He was deposed by his nephew Gian Galeazzo Visconti in 1385. Imprisoned in the castle of Trezzo, he died on 19 December of that year, presumably poisoned.

Bonino da Campione sculpted the equestrian statue of Bernabò Visconti for the church of San Giovanni in Conca around 1363. Its positioning near the church's main altar was regarded as highly problematic by contemporaries and it was commented on by poet and intellectual Petrarch among others. The equestrian statue was reused – with changes and additions carried out by the same Bonino in 1385–1386 – as Bernabò's funerary monument in the same church. It is now preserved in the Castello Sforzesco in Milan. An erratic small-size male head in marble now in the storerooms of Castello Sforzesco has recently been rediscovered and tentatively identified as a portrait of the elderly Bernabò. This work too has been attributed to Bonino da Campione.

Children
Bernabò was an ally of Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria: three of his daughters were married to Stephen's descendants. He had at least 15 legitimate children with his wife Beatrice Regina della Scala:

 * 1) Taddea Visconti (1351 – 28 September 1381), married on 13 October 1364 Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria, of the Royal House of Wittelsbach. They had three children including Isabeau of Bavaria, Queen consort of King Charles VI of France of the Royal House of Valois
 * 2) Verde Visconti (1352 – bef. 11 March 1414), married on 23 February 1365 Leopold III, Duke of Inner Austria
 * 3) Marco Visconti (November 1353 – 3 January 1382), Lord of Parma in 1364; married in 1367  Elisabeth of Bavaria
 * 4) Antonia Visconti (ca. 1354 – 26 March 1405), engaged in 1366 to King Frederick III of Sicily, but he died before the wedding took place; married 27 October 1380 Eberhard III, Count of Württemberg, of the Royal House of Württemberg, by whom she had three sons.
 * 5) Lodovico Visconti (1355 – 7 March 1404), Governor and Lord of Parma during 1364–1404 and Governor of Lodi during 1379–1385; married in November 1381 Violante Visconti, widow of Lionel of Antwerp and Secondotto, Marquess of Montferrat. They had a son, Giovanni, who possibly left descendants: the family Milano-Visconti, Reichsfreiherren at Utrecht claim descent from him.
 * 6) Valentina Visconti (ca. 1357 – bef. September 1393), married in September 1378 King Peter II of Cyprus, of the Royal House of Lusignan, by whom she had one daughter who died in early infancy.
 * 7) Carlo Visconti (September 1359 – August 1403), Lord of Cremona, Borgo San Donnino and Parma in 1379; married Beatrice of Armagnac, daughter of John II, Count of Armagnac and Jeanne de Périgord, by whom he had four children.
 * 8) Caterina Visconti (1361 – 17 October 1404), married on 2 October 1380 as his second wife, Gian Galeazzo Visconti 1st Duke of Milan, by whom she had two sons, Gian Maria Visconti, 2nd Duke of Milan; and Filippo Maria Visconti, 3rd Duke of Milan, who fathered Bianca Maria Visconti by his mistress Agnese del Maino.
 * 9) Agnese Visconti (1362 – 7 February 1391), married 26 September 1380 Francesco I Gonzaga, of the House of Gonzaga, by whom she had one daughter. Agnes was executed for alleged adultery.
 * 10) Rodolfo Visconti (ca. 1364 – January 1389), Lord of Bergamo, Soncino and Ghiara d'Adda in 1379. Unmarried.
 * 11) Maddalena Visconti (ca. 1366 – 17 July 1404), married 9 April 1382 Frederick, Duke of Bavaria, by whom she had five children including Henry XVI of Bavaria.
 * 12) Anglesia Visconti (ca. 1368 – 12 October 1439), married in January 1400 King Janus of Cyprus, but the union was childless and was dissolved 1407/1409; he married in 1411 as his second wife, Charlotte de Bourbon-La Marche, of the Royal House of Bourbon, by whom he had six children.
 * 13) Mastino Visconti (March 1371 – 19 June 1405), Lord of Bergamo, Valcamonica and Ghiaradadda in 1405; married in 1385 Cleofa della Scala, by whom he had three children.
 * 14) Elisabetta Visconti (1374 – 2 February 1432), married on 26 January 1395 Ernest, Duke of Bavaria, by whom she had five children including Albert III, Duke of Bavaria.
 * 15) Lucia Visconti (ca. 1380 – 14 April 1424), married firstly on 28 June 1399 Frederick of Thuringia (future Elector of Saxony) but the union was dissolved on grounds of non-consummation shortly after; married secondly on 24 January 1407 Edmund Holland, 4th Earl of Kent. No issue.

His illegitimate offspring by Donnina del Porri, legitimated in a ceremony after the death of his wife in 1384, were as follows:

 * Palamede (d. 1402).
 * Lancellotto (d. after 1413).
 * Sovrana, married Giovanni de Prato.
 * Ginevra, married Leonardo Malaspina, Marchese di Gragnola (d. 1441).

In addition, Bernabò had other illegitimate offspring by other mistresses:

—With Beltramola Grassi:

 * Ambrogio (1343 – killed in battle Caprino Bergamasco, 17 August 1373), condottiero and Governor of Pavia.
 * Enrica (born ca. 1344), married Franchino Rusconi dei Signori di Como.
 * Margherita (ca. 1345 – d. after 1413), Abbess of the Convent of Santa Margherita.
 * Ettore (ca. 1346 – 1413), who briefly took the Lordship of Milan (16 May – 12 June 1412), married Margherita Infrascati.

—With Montanina de Lazzari:

 * Sagramoro (d. 1385), Lord of Brignano (1380), married Achiletta Marliani, this branch finish with two Ladies: Claudia Visconti of Brignano, married in 1581 to Lodovico Marazzani Landi, Lord of Paderna and Villa del Riglio, Lord of Castelnuovo and Fabiano, from 1602 Lodovico Marazzani Landi Visconti Lord of Paderna, from 1605 Lodovico Count Marazzani Landi Visconti, Count of Paderna and Villa del Riglio, ect., and Flerida Visconti of Brignano married with Alessandro Marazzani Landi, Lord of Paderna and Villa del Riglio and one Lord: Alessandro Visconti, Lord of Brignano, Doctor in Laws in Pavia University
 * Donnina (1360–1406), married in 1377 to Sir John Hawkwood.

—With Beltameda Cassa:

 * Elisabetta [Isotta] (d. 1388), married in 1378 to Count Lutz I von Landau, leader of the "Grand Company" of Condottiere in Italy.

—With Giovannola Montebretto:

 * Bernarda (d. 1376), married Giovanni Suardi.

—With Caterina Freganeschi:

 * Galeotto (d. after 1413).
 * Riccarda, married Bernardon de la Salle.

—With unknown mistresses:

 * Lionello (d. after 1404).
 * Isabella.
 * Damigella.
 * Isotta, married (annulled 1382) Carlo Fogliani.
 * Daughter, married Bernardo della Sala, Lord Soriano nel Cimino.
 * Valentina (d. after 10 April 1414), married Antonio Visconti, Lord of Belgioioso.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bernabò Visconti


text: Talk:Detroit Tigers

title: Talk:Detroit Tigers


text:
Absolutely convex set

In mathematics, a subset C of a real or complex vector space is said to be absolutely convex or disked if it is convex and balanced (some people use the term "circled" instead of "balanced"), in which case it is called a disk. The disked hull or the absolute convex hull of a set is the intersection of all disks containing that set.

Definition

A subset $$S$$ of a real or complex vector space $$X$$ is called a ' and is said to be ', ', and ' if any of the following equivalent conditions is satisfied:  $$S$$ is a convex and balanced set. for any scalars $$a$$ and $$b,$$ if $$|a| + |b| \leq 1$$ then $$a S + b S \subseteq S.$$ for all scalars $$a, b,$$ and $$c,$$ if $$|a| + |b| \leq |c|,$$ then $$a S + b S \subseteq c S.$$ for any scalars $$a_1, \ldots, a_n$$ and $$c,$$ if $$|a_1| + \cdots + |a_n| \leq |c|$$ then $$a_1 S + \cdots + a_n S \subseteq c S.$$ for any scalars $$a_1, \ldots, a_n,$$ if $$|a_1| + \cdots + |a_n| \leq 1$$ then $$a_1 S + \cdots + a_n S \subseteq S.$$

The smallest convex (respectively, balanced) subset of $$X$$ containing a given set is called the convex hull (respectively, the balanced hull) of that set and is denoted by $$\operatorname{co} S$$ (respectively, $$\operatorname{bal} S$$).

Similarly, the ', the ', and the  of a set $$S$$ is defined to be the smallest disk (with respect to subset inclusion) containing $$S.$$ The disked hull of $$S$$ will be denoted by $$\operatorname{disk} S$$ or $$\operatorname{cobal} S$$ and it is equal to each of the following sets:  $$\operatorname{co} (\operatorname{bal} S),$$ which is the convex hull of the balanced hull of $$S$$; thus, $$\operatorname{cobal} S = \operatorname{co} (\operatorname{bal} S).$$ the intersection of all disks containing $$S.$$
$$\left\{a_1 s_1 + \cdots a_n s_n ~:~ n \in \N, \, s_1, \ldots, s_n \in S, \, \text{ and } a_1, \ldots, a_n \text{ are scalars satisfying } |a_1| + \cdots + |a_n| \leq 1\right\}.$$

 * In general, $$\operatorname{cobal} S \neq \operatorname{bal} (\operatorname{co} S)$$ is possible, even in finite dimensional vector spaces.

Sufficient conditions
The intersection of arbitrarily many absolutely convex sets is again absolutely convex; however, unions of absolutely convex sets need not be absolutely convex anymore.

If $$D$$ is a disk in $$X,$$ then $$D$$ is absorbing in $$X$$ if and only if $$\operatorname{span} D = X.$$

Properties
If $$S$$ is an absorbing disk in a vector space $$X$$ then there exists an absorbing disk $$E$$ in $$X$$ such that $$E + E \subseteq S.$$ If $$D$$ is a disk and $$r$$ and $$s$$ are scalars then $$s D = |s| D$$ and $$(r D) \cap (s D) = (\min_{} \{|r|, |s|\}) D.$$

The absolutely convex hull of a bounded set in a locally convex topological vector space is again bounded.

If $$D$$ is a bounded disk in a TVS $$X$$ and if $$x_{\bull} = \left(x_i\right)_{i=1}^{\infty}$$ is a sequence in $$D,$$ then the partial sums $$s_{\bull} = \left(s_n\right)_{n=1}^{\infty}$$ are Cauchy, where for all $$n,$$ $$s_n := \sum_{i=1}^n 2^{-i} x_i.$$ In particular, if in addition $$D$$ is a sequentially complete subset of $$X,$$ then this series $$s_{\bull}$$ converges in $$X$$ to some point of $$D.$$

The convex balanced hull of $$S$$ contains both the convex hull of $$S$$ and the balanced hull of $$S.$$ Furthermore, it contains the balanced hull of the convex hull of $$S;$$ thus $$\operatorname{bal} (\operatorname{co} S) ~\subseteq~ \operatorname{cobal} S ~=~ \operatorname{co} (\operatorname{bal} S),$$ where the example below shows that this inclusion might be strict. However, for any subsets $$S, T \subseteq X,$$ if $$S \subseteq T$$ then $$\operatorname{cobal} S \subseteq \operatorname{cobal} T$$ which implies $$\operatorname{cobal} (\operatorname{co} S) = \operatorname{cobal} S = \operatorname{cobal} (\operatorname{bal} S).$$

Examples
Although $$\operatorname{cobal} S = \operatorname{co} (\operatorname{bal} S),$$ the convex balanced hull of $$S$$ is necessarily equal to the balanced hull of the convex hull of $$S.$$ For an example where $$\operatorname{cobal} S \neq \operatorname{bal} (\operatorname{co} S)$$ let $$X$$ be the real vector space $$\R^2$$ and let $$S := \{(-1, 1), (1, 1)\}.$$ Then $$\operatorname{bal} (\operatorname{co} S)$$ is a strict subset of $$\operatorname{cobal} S$$ that is not even convex; in particular, this example also shows that the balanced hull of a convex set is necessarily convex. The set $$\operatorname{cobal} S$$ is equal to the closed and filled square in $$X$$ with vertices $$(-1, 1), (1, 1), (-1, -1),$$ and $$(1, -1)$$ (this is because the balanced set $$\operatorname{cobal} S$$ must contain both $$S$$ and $$-S = \{(-1, -1), (1, -1)\},$$ where since $$\operatorname{cobal} S$$ is also convex, it must consequently contain the solid square $$\operatorname{co} ((-S) \cup S),$$ which for this particular example happens to also be balanced so that $$\operatorname{cobal} S = \operatorname{co} ((-S) \cup S)$$). However, $$\operatorname{co} (S)$$ is equal to the horizontal closed line segment between the two points in $$S$$ so that $$\operatorname{bal} (\operatorname{co} S)$$ is instead a closed "hour glass shaped" subset that intersects the $$x$$-axis at exactly the origin and is the union of two closed and filled isosceles triangles: one whose vertices are the origin together with $$S$$ and the other triangle whose vertices are the origin together with $$- S = \{(-1, -1), (1, -1)\}.$$ This non-convex filled "hour-glass" $$\operatorname{bal} (\operatorname{co} S)$$ is a proper subset of the filled square $$\operatorname{cobal} S = \operatorname{co} (\operatorname{bal} S).$$

Generalizations
Given a fixed real number $$0 < p \leq 1,$$ a is any subset $$C$$ of a vector space $$X$$ with the property that $$r c + s d \in C$$ whenever $$c, d \in C$$ and $$r, s \geq 0$$ are non-negative scalars satisfying $$r^p + s^p = 1.$$ It is called an or a  if $$r c + s d \in C$$ whenever $$c, d \in C$$ and $$r, s$$ are scalars satisfying $$|r|^p + |s|^p \leq 1.$$

A is any non-negative function $$q : X \to \R$$ that satisfies the following conditions:
 * 1) Subadditivity/Triangle inequality: $$q(x + y) \leq q(x) + q(y)$$ for all $$x, y \in X.$$
 * 2) Absolute homogeneity of degree $p$: $$q(s x) =|s|^p q(x)$$ for all $$x \in X$$ and all scalars $$s.$$

This generalizes the definition of seminorms since a map is a seminorm if and only if it is a $$1$$-seminorm (using $$p := 1$$). There exist $$p$$-seminorms that are not seminorms. For example, whenever $$0 < p < 1$$ then the map $$q(f) = \int_{\R} |f(t)|^p d t$$ used to define the Lp space $$L_p(\R)$$ is a $$p$$-seminorm but not a seminorm.

Given $$0 < p \leq 1,$$ a topological vector space is (meaning that its topology is induced by some $$p$$-seminorm) if and only if it has a bounded $$p$$-convex neighborhood of the origin.

title: Absolutely convex set


text: User talk:81.243.74.122

title: User talk:81.243.74.122


text:
User talk:Txqueen

I still have problems with the summary: “John Robinson Jeffers (10 January 1887–20 January 1962) was an American poet who, after extensive travel in his youth, spent most of his life in Carmel, California, USA in a granite house he built for his family with his own hands, which included a large stone tower. He called them 'Tor House' and 'Hawk Tower'.” What does the 'them' refer to? Only one house is mentioned. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:39, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Yoo Hoo!
I'm back! ~K (talk) 08:03, 11 February 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Txqueen


text:
Bonino da Campione

Bonino da Campione was an Italian sculptor in the Gothic style, active between 1350 and 1390.

His name indicates that he was born in - or into a family originating in - Campione d'Italia, a Lombardy town in an enclave within Switzerland. His works include:
 * the tomb of bishop Balduino Lambertini (1349) in the Old Cathedral in Brescia
 * a monument to Folchino de'Schizzi (1357) in Cremona Cathedral
 * the tomb of Saint Homobonus (now lost)
 * one of the tombs for the Visconti family in the Basilica of Sant'Eustorgio in Milan
 * an equestrian monument of Bernabò Visconti (1363), now in the Museum of Ancient Art at Castello Sforzesco, Milan
 * the monument to Cansignorio della Scala (1374) at Santa Maria Antica, Verona.
 * miniature sculpture of Madonna with Child Madonna Litta (1370–75), now located in the Museum of Ancient Art at Castello Sforzesco, Milan

title: Bonino da Campione


text:
Kribi

Kribi is a beach resort and sea port in Cameroon.

Location
The coastal town of Kribi lies on the Gulf of Guinea, in Océan Department, South Province, at the mouth of the Kienké River. This location, lies approximately 150 km, by road, south of Douala, the largest city in Cameroon and the busiest seaport in the country. The coordinates of Kribi are: 2° 56' 6.00"N, 9° 54' 36.00"E (Latitude: 2.9350; Longitude: 9.9100)

Overview
It has an estimated population of 55,401. It services sea traffic in the Gulf of Guinea and also lies near the terminus of the Chad-Cameroon pipeline. The Lobé Waterfalls are nearby and there is a road inland, through the Littoral Evergreen Forest, as far as Bipindi and Lolodorf where native communities of Pygmies are found.

Public health
A January 2024 study found high levels of parasitic worm eggs and larvae in waters along Kribi's famed beach. The species included tapeworms and nematode worms that cause significant morbidity in humans, likely passed from human fecal material in waste water.

Kribi Power Station
Kribi Power Development Company (KPDC) has built a natural gas-powered electricity generating plant, Kribi Power Station, in the community of Mpolongwe, approximately 10 km, north of the Kribi central business district. The 216 MW plant that cost US$390 million (CFA:176.3 billion) to build, came on line in 2013. It is now owned by Globeleq A second phase expansion is planned.

Port
Near Kribi is the location of a proposed port for the export of iron ore from about 500 km away and also bauxite. Since there is no natural harbour at Kribi, the port itself would be several kilometres offshore where deepwater of at least 20 m is suitable for large Capesize ships. It is also the location for the Kribi Lighthouse.

By 2017, the port development had started, and by 2020 the port was being developed by Louis Berger.

The port will be served by railways of two different gauges, 1435mm and 1000mm. There will be a new 130km rail link between the port and the existing metre gauge network at Edéa. Dual gauge sleepers could be installed so that the new lines are compatible with the proposed African Integrated High Speed Rail Network (AIHSRN).

Iron mine
The iron ore will come from mines near Mbalam in Cameroon and near Nabeba in Republic of Congo. The mines would have an output of approximately 35 million tonnes per year, with a 30-year or so lifespan. This line is to be standard gauge lines (1435mm) with a 37.5t axle load. In 2021, a contract was let to build the rail line to Mbalam.

Bauxite mine
It is proposed to connect the port of Kribi to a new bauxite mine in the north of Cameroon at Minim, Martap with a metre gauge (1000mm) 20t axle load railway. A link line junctions from the Camrail line at Edéa and proceeds 110km to Kribi.

Twin towns – Sister cities
Kribi is twinned with:
 * 🇫🇷 Ouistreham, France
 * 🇫🇷 St-Nazaire, France

Climate
Kribi has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am). Due to its equatorial position, Kribi sees a short, fairly dry season and a long, very wet season. The hottest month, February, has an average high temperature of 32 C (89.6 F), and an average low of 25 C (77 F). The wettest month, September, sees 483 mm of rain. 27 of the 30 days in September see rain. The driest month, December, sees 59 mm of rain. The coldest month is August, with an average high of 28 C (82.4 F), and a low of 23 C (73.4 F). Humidity remains high year-round.

Recreation
Kribi is renowned for its popular beach locations in Ngo'e and near the Lobé Waterfalls. Kribi is equally very popular for its roasted fish. Fishermen typically come in from the sea on week-ends and sell fresh fishes that tourists can then buy and have roasted in many restaurants around the beach. The nightlife especially in places in like Big-BEN is also among some of the exciting things to do in Kribi.

title: Kribi


text:
Yokadouma

Yokadouma is a town and Catholic bishopric in eastern Cameroon, lying near the border with the Central African Republic. It was an early French administrative centre.

During the colonial period, Yokadouma was the centre for a widespread but ill-fated immunisation campaign against sleeping sickness, known as 'lomidinisation'. The administration of the drug had little preventative benefit and in many cases the colonial doctors cut corners. In one incident on November 15, 1954, known as the "accident of Yokadouma", the French doctor misadministered the drug to such an extent that more than 300 people contracted gangrene and 32 more died. It has been described as "one of the most violent medical catastrophes in African history."

Its Cathédrale Marie Reine de la Paix, dedicated in 2010 to Our Lady Queen of Peace, is the cathedral episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Yokadouma (founded 1991).

title: Yokadouma


text:
Talk:Cheez-It

Stub?
Is this article a stub? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.54.98.106 (talk) 17:41, 13 April 2005 (UTC)
 * It was when I created it way back when... I changed it to "start class" today. --Guitarist Nick 22:09, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

Addictive Qualities? ==

Can the addictive qualities be explained, or is this due to simply the cheese/sugar causing natural addicitive blah blahs? GUNNAR LIKES CHEEZ ITS 24.76.141.128 05:57, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I believe the addictive qualities stem from them being so darn tasty.--Daveswagon 15:12, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Agreed.-- Albert Mond 10:58, 14 June 2008

Location
Is the Sunshine plant in Kansas City, KS the only place they are made? --Gbleem 04:53, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

I know some are made in Elmhurst, IL. At least it says so on the box.

Cheese Nips more popular?
Are Cheese Nips more popular than Cheez-Its? Can this be backed up with evidence?

My personal preference is Cheez-Its ;) US 71 04:09, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

I had to do some research for a speech for high school. I am doing a tribute to Cheez Its. Cheez Its are baked using a combination of palm oil and soybean oil. This has recently caused some controversies with environmental groups. The demand for palm oil has increased two fold over the past decade. This has led to deforestation in Malasia and Indonesia (the top producers for palm oil). Farmers are burning down forest to create areas to produce palm oil. This fact makes Indonesia the 3rd highest producers of greenhouse gases in the world. So groups are rallying major companies such as Kellogg to change the type of oil the use to produce their products. Some even went as far as sneaking into stores and placing stickers on products such as Cheeze Its and Oreos saying "Caution. Product destroys forests". (or something along those lines)

Cheese Nips are the poor man's Cheez-Its. By the way, the Hot and Spicy Cheez-Its are neither hot nor spicy, but they do taste good. Defenseman Emeritus 19:11, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

yah man the nips can suck a duck — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.215.76.130 (talk) 15:08, 3 May 2014 (UTC)

Motto thing
I think someone should put something in the article about their motto thing "Get Your Own Box." It's on the back of the box in bold letters. Ootmc 21:42, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

also
The picture of a Cheez-It on the article says that it is "near actual size," but it is much bigger than the real Cheez-It brand snack crackers.
 * Depends on your monitor, as the caption so clearly points out. On mine it's almost exact. Glassbreaker5791 19:46, 23 July 2007 (UTC)

HA
I'm pretty sure almost everybody on this was stoned when they commented. Except me. But I am eating them right now. --Grahamdubya 04:37, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

lol, im eating some right now, but the box is almost empty :(. Can i have some of yours :D72.185.44.3 23:41, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

who would be looking at this page if they weren't eating cheez its? theyd have a really screwed up and random mind. but i guess it happens.. Glassbreaker5791 19:47, 23 July 2007 (UTC)

The whole reason why I came to this wiki page was because I was eating cheez its and wanted to know when they were made the first time, But it doesn't say it on the page. :( Yes, The crackers taste good!

im eatin em right now! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.238.11.54 (talk) 22:44, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

cheese-its for life — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.225.102.109 (talk) 01:54, 8 November 2013 (UTC)

WHO INVENTED???
WHO INVENTED THE CHEEZ-IT???

who invented the cheez-it? as i would like to shake that man's hand. he is a brilliant person and deserves some sort of prize or title. and whoever said that cheese nips are more popular is not from this planet.

19:55, 16 July 2007 (UTC) BIG franky

Sounds like the kind of guy who takes down four mini-bags at the Company picnic.

cheeze-itz are good... and ppl who read this probably are eating them like me and everyone else lol —Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.92.192.201 (talk) 08:45, 22 October 2009 (UTC)

YUM-YUM...
cheez-its are the best. i love them lots and lots.

208.34.82.6 20:11, 16 July 2007 (UTC)Scott Rogers

num num nummies.... no one has any takes on how much i lovey my cheez-its? they are salty and orange.

208.34.82.6 21:33, 23 August 2007 (UTC)Scotty Rogers

i put cheez-its in my protein shakes.

19:49, 10 October 2007 (UTC) Mr. Scott Rogers

So you like cheez its. So do I! :) However, This isn't the best place to discuss what you like about cheez its, Maybe you should find a forum. :) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.31.66.100 (talk) 18:16, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

When were Cheez its first made?
It only says in the article when the name was patenetd, When were cheez it crackers first made?

Changes in Cheez-its?
Does anyone remember when Cheez-its used to be different? I believe it was before the company was bought out. The box used to be different, and if I remember correctly the crackers were saltier. Also, what happened to all the double Cheez-its? It used to be that there were at least a few crackers that hadn't been separated in every box.

 * I get plenty of unseperated ones. Hmmm...

 * -- I am BrainiacOutcast and I approve this message.

ummm, they are cheesy and salty and so good. I love to eat them by the box =D

Partially hydrogenated vegetable oil
I'm assuming they took out the partially hydrogenated vegetable oil to have no trans fat. --Gbleem 05:00, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

Quality standard change?
Does anyone have any verifyable info on this? When I was a kid (I am 31 now) Cheez-its seemed crisper and less greasy. For a while when I began to buy cheez-its as an adult I thought that every box I was getting was stale. Then someone pointed out Reduced Fat cheez-its, which, IMHO, taste a lot more like they did when I was a kid. For a long time I was not willing to buy Cheez-Its b/c they tasted stale. Now I am happy again with the Reduced Fat ones. Anyone else have similar opinions or know any facts regarding production standards at the factories over the years? Duckingham (talk) 15:25, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I've been buying Cheez-its since the early '90s, and I too have noticed subtle changes over the years. I've noticed this with other snacks, too.  I think it's natural for a company to alter a product's ingredients over time, based on availability and, for example, the recent awareness about trans fats.  I don't think companies reveal things like this to the public.  (recipes are usually kept secret) --70.119.159.132 (talk) 03:59, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

I have noticed that each box can be different. One day I'll by a box and they will be a little greasy, which is how I like them. Other times I buy a box and they are a bit dry. I find the "whole grain" ones are consistantly a little on the greasy side. Love em! Can't believe I am commenting on cheez-its! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.86.135.163 (talk) 23:25, 5 June 2010 (UTC)

Kellog company?
it says kaellog company and its really made by sunshine — Preceding unsigned comment added by Putty1111 (talk • contribs) 16:48, 5 August 2009 (UTC)

 * sunshine is owned by kellogs Aydroow (talk) 19:47, 11 March 2022 (UTC)

Limited Distribution
I wonder if there is any information about distribution. They are not available in Canada for some reason.Bill (talk) 17:24, 6 May 2012 (UTC)

i love cheez its and have heavily researched the logo design of a cheez it. Though logos for many confectionery goods change over the years, the Cheez It logo has remained the same for its near-100-year run. I believe that this consistency deserves attention in the article. Please add this fact at your convenience.

Thank you, Tom Gerard.

External links modified
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Advertising campaigns related to Cheez-Its?
Would it be appropriate to add a section to this page detailing advertising campaigns revolving around the Cheez-Its brand? They seem to be a fundamental part of the brand and its development. Petmoc 06:51, 4 October 2017 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. Community Tech bot (talk) 16:52, 9 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Cheez-It edit.xcf

"Cheez-It crackers"
Is "Cheez-It crackers" the more common term? I thought it was Cheese-Its. Benjamin (talk) 01:50, 26 October 2019 (UTC)

Cheez-It crackers is the only way it is stylized by official material, interestingly. Or at least interestingly to grammar nerds like me. Njmcc (talk) 06:20, 13 March 2021 (UTC)

Ingredients and nutrition
I'm removing these sections, they are not encyclopedic for a product not known specifically for its ingredients list or its nutritional qualities. davidwr/ (talk)/(contribs) 🎄  01:22, 15 December 2020 (UTC)

 * Why exactly do you think this is beneficial? It's a food. Ingredients are fundamental to its nature. Benjamin (talk) 06:21, 15 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia is not an almanac. I looked at several other snack foods before making this decision just to make sure there wasn't an existing practice of having these sections.  While my sample size was quite small, I found none.
 * Also, these things change in quiet ways as manufacturers tweak things, so it's easy to become out of date. Look at it this way:  If every notable packaged food had these, would Wikipedia be better off or worse off?  I would say worse off.  Now, if the product is NOTED for having an ingredient or for that matter having had one in the past, then mention that in the prose section.  For example, I would expect the article about Coca-cola to mention that at one time it contained cocaine because that information is encyclopedic for that topic.  davidwr/  (talk)/(contribs) 🎄  15:15, 15 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Why would it be worse off? This article isn't even very long in the first place. Benjamin (talk) 16:05, 15 December 2020 (UTC)
 * You've convinced me to do some research. Apparently, some other pages like Tic Tac use the Infobox nutritional value template for a similar purpose, and some, including Tic Tac, list ingredients.  This seems to be uncommon though.  Personally, I find that it gets in the way.  Perhaps it's time to start a WP:Request for comment.  I think the page is better off without them.  If you want to restore them and convert the nutrition to use the template,I won't revert. davidwr/  (talk)/(contribs) 🎄  18:00, 15 December 2020 (UTC)

Mandella effect?
Is it cheez-itz, cheez-its or cheez-it? 2A01:C22:B8FF:B100:B548:7CE8:BD94:E3FC (talk) 11:09, 19 December 2021 (UTC)

Bn
Ok thank you 174.77.71.222 (talk) 20:44, 28 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cheez-It


text:
Møre

Møre is the name of two traditional districts in different parts of Scandinavia.
 * Møre og Romsdal, Norway
 * Möre, Sweden

title: Møre


text:
User talk:Boonyt

If you continue to vandalise user pages you will be banned from editing. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:41, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Boonyt


text:
Philip Reed (politician)

Philip Reed (1760 –November 2, 1829) was a United States Senator representing Maryland from 1806 to 1813.

American Revolution
Born near Chestertown in the Province of Maryland in 1760, Reed completed preparatory studies and served with the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, attaining the rank of captain of infantry. He participated in the Battle of Stony Point in 1779, and later attested to having cut off the head of an American deserter so that it could be displayed to the troops as a deterrent. Reed was seriously wounded at the Battle of Camden in 1780. He was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates in 1787, sheriff of Kent County, Maryland from 1791 to 1794, and also member of the executive council of Maryland from 1805 to 1806.

War of 1812
Reed was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the United States Senate in 1806 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Robert Wright. He was reelected the same year and served from November 25, 1806, to March 3, 1813. Although he voted, on June 17, 1812, against declaring war on Britain, Reed served as a lieutenant colonel of the Twenty-first Regiment of the Maryland Militia and later as lieutenant colonel commandant.

Ambushing British barges at Worton Creek
Four British barges were entering Worton Creek on July 10, 1814. Lieutenant Colonel Philip Reed while visiting neighbors on Worton Creek observed the four British landing barges manned by at least 24 British soldiers coming in. Fully expecting an attack, he borrowed a musket and gathered twenty-nine neighbors armed with duck guns and muskets. Reed and his civilian militia fighters ambushed the enemy barges as they passed. It was reported that the British had suffered 20 killed or wounded. The British barges retreated thus making Reed and his militia the victors.

Battle of Caulk's Field
He led a successful defense in the Battle of Caulk's Field in August 1814. A British force led by Peter Parker landed near Caulk’s field. Estimates of the strength of Parker's force vary. Elting gives a total of 124, Hickey estimates 250, Sharpe suggests about 150, and the website of Kent County, Maryland gives a total of 140. After the British landed late on the night of August 30. Sailors from the Royal Navy and men of the Royal Marines were represented in the British column. The militiamen, of the 21st Regiment of Maryland Militia, were commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Philip Reed, who had fought in the American Revolution. During the advance inland, guides, who may have been victims of impressment, misled the British column, allowing the Americans, who numbered about 200, to be better prepared for the British assault. Parker's force encountered American skirmishers who were concealed behind the trees. The American skirmishers opened heavy fire from behind their trees. Then the American skirmishers quickly retreated to the main American line. The retreating skirmishers led the British towards American line, which included multiple cannons. The American militia were divided on the flanks, some of their riflemen placed in the woods, and their cavalry placed in the rear. The battle took place at night, and the light of a full moon exposed the British soldiers during their advance, allowing the Americans to open heavy accurate fire with their cannons, muskets, and rifles thus inflicting several casualties. The Americans held the high ground, giving the defenders an advantage. British Lieutenant Henry Crease reported that one portion of the British attacking force was briefly able to gain a foothold in the main American position on the high ground, at one point taking one of the American cannons. The Americans cautiously retreated towards near the woods before halting to make another stand opening fire. The Americans eventually began to run out of ammunition and retreated to regroup and redistribute ammunition. But Parker was then wounded in the thigh and bled to death. The British fell back after Parker's death. American casualties totaled three wounded. British casualties are reported at 41.

Later life
After the War, Reed was elected to the House of Representatives in the Fifteenth Congress, serving from March 4, 1817, to March 3, 1819. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1818 to the Sixteenth Congress, but successfully contested the election of Jeremiah Cosden to the House in the Seventeenth Congress and served the remainder of the term from March 19, 1822, to March 3, 1823.

In 1828, he served as vice president of the Maryland Society of the Cincinnati.

He died in Huntingtown, Maryland, and is interred in the cemetery of Christ Church near Chestertown.

title: Philip Reed (politician)


text:
Talk:Snack food

(Untitled)
Is this article a stub?

--

I don't think it's true that "snack foods are designed as ..." and the rest. A snack does not have to be a "store-bought" meal.

Photo
I changed the photos to some crisps as I think that they are a much more common snack.--Moonlight Mile 11:31, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Contested change
"Snack foods are designed to be less perishable, more durable, and more appealing than prepared foods. They often contain substantial amounts of sweeteners, preservatives, and appealing ingredients"

Not all snacks foods are unhealthy, or "designed" to be more appealing than prepared foods. There are many healty snacks, such as fruits and vegetables, cheese and crackers, whole wheat bagels, etc, that do not fall into the category described above. This article largely ignores these types of snacks, and the variety of reasons people have for consuming snacks. There are groups of people who eat 6 to 8 times a day to help maintain their caloric intakes, to deal with pregnancies, or to be more in tuned with their diets. Snacks can be used to supplement a healthier lifestyle for many people. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.211.174.41 (talk • contribs)

 * Hence the use of the term 'often'. What suggestions would you make?  And stop adding candy necklaces, it is covered in 'hard candy'.  The list is for an overview, not a comprehensive list of all snacks; there is a page for that.  A bias tag is not a minor edit.  WLU 18:37, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

While you did use the term 'often' to describe the use of ingredients such as sweeteners and preservatives, you still stated that "snack foods are designed to be less perishable, more durable, and more appealing than prepared foods," implying all snack foods. I appreciate the addition of "processed snack foods" to that statement, however I still question its legitimacy. Can you really say that something like a plain rice cake (a processed snack food) was designed to be more appealing than a prepared meal? Most significantly, however, I feel that this article continues to cast snacks and snacking in an unfairly negative light, choosing to focus on the 'junk food' genre of snacks and largely ignoring healthy snacks and the ways in which snacking can be incorporated into a healthy lifestyle, which is why I added the bias tag. Additionally, I do not believe that candy necklaces are covered in 'hard candy,' as hard candy is generally seen as something that you suck on. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.211.174.45 (talk • contribs)
 * All snack foods are designed to be less perishable, more durable and more appealing. An apple is less perishable and easier to transport than a roast beef dinner, but does not have sweeteners and preservatives.  Ditto for cheese versus cereal with milk or scrambled eggs.  A plain rice cake within the context of a snack food is more appealing because it is quick, portable, and probably salty.  Now there's an 'or' so it's not exclusive.  The page is about snack food, not snacking.  Most snack foods are junk food, witness the general porkiness of Americans we keep hearing about.  Snacks are now framed in terms of processed when it's unhealthy.  You can suck on a candy necklace, and it's still far too specific a term when compared to the rest of the list.  Please sign your posts with four tildes ( ~ or the button between the "W" and the horizontal line). WLU 19:25, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

vegetables are snacks?
? that photograph? although is true that there are some vegetables crisps... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.40.140.158 (talk • contribs)
 * Snack food encapsulates more than just processed junk food, but there's less to say about it so less info in the text. WLU 00:14, 28 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Hit 40, and you'll discover your snack foods change by necessity. I'd say the bias for less healthy in the entry tends to reflect the age group of those editing.  I also grew up (quite happily) with carrot sticks in my lunch bag, but again, that might be a generational thing.  68.63.165.28 15:16, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

Self Referential
The first two sentences essentially said "A snack is something intended as a snack".

ALL snack foods are portable?
Not really. Try walking around with chips and dip... I'm changing this. - super βεε cat 22:40, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

"Snacks" vs. "Snax?"
Not everyone pronounces the 'cks' consonant cluster when pluralizing 'snack.' Are there any linguists reading this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.18.223.243 (talk) 05:37, 26 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Thank you for posting this. I'm a speech therapist, and I frequently see this in patients with left temporal lobe damage(also "trix"). It seems as if there's a critical period in childhood where people can pronounce it both ways, but after age 7 or so a type of "gelling" occurs, after which about 99% of the population can only pronounce "snacks". I did read a medical journal entry once about a man in Switzerland who was "cross dominant" in this regard, and I will try to dig it up. It would be great to have a section about the two different pronounciations.75.18.223.243 (talk) 19:17, 1 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Um, what is the difference between 'cks' and 'x' ?

Globalize
I've tagged this article as not representing a worldwide view of the subject as it represents an almost exclusively Western European view of snack foods and snacking. Even the gallery only shows images of western foods. Furthermore, typical oriental snack foods are referred to as "international" snacks. This definitely needs to be addressed. —/M endaliv /2¢/Δ's/ 07:34, 21 March 2009 (UTC)

The concept of a snack is global, I think, but the whole first section is very westernized and lacking in citations - hunger between meals, when meal isn't defined, just alluded to as breakfast/lunch/dinner, which doesn't apply in all cultures; "processed" - all food is processed unless you're chewing parts directly off plants and animals; convenience stores - convenient how; "appealing" etc. many of these don't even have links to elsewhere on wiki, let alone citations. Is there a good global book or other reference on human diet that might define a snack? Nail down the definition and go from there. I think it's close to correct in definition but lacking in formal justification, and yes the examples are too American ("International" = anything outside the USA) 71.160.148.166 (talk) 08:46, 8 February 2010 (UTC)

Notability guideline
What are the notability guidelines for snack products? Obviously snack foods are rarely referenced by other works, since they're just things you just buy or make and eat. A previous snack food article Articles for deletion/Soft salad was deleted, however probably a majority of snack food articles on Wikipedia fall under the same level of non-notability, which makes me worried. Is a huge cull in order? --Bxj (talk) 09:59, 25 October 2010 (UTC)

Characters
Pibul-- a potato that plays mystery. He is good and great. And he was first great.

Lendy-- a lemon that is yellow. He is a fruity fruit.

...

What is this? what does this have to do with snacks? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.83.232.232 (talk) 19:12, 27 December 2010 (UTC)

Arent Muffins Snacks?
Should Muffins be put in the list? 11:44, 15 January 2011 (UTC)CanadianWagon (talk)

 * Perhaps muffins best belongs on the list of all snack foods and not under types of snack foods.BigMoose22 (talk) 18:28, 13 March 2011 (UTC)

Types of snack foods
Should the section "Types of snack foods" be split into actual types (Candies, pastries, salty snacks, packaged foods, nuts and legumes...)?BigMoose22 (talk) 18:29, 13 March 2011 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

No consensus' to move. Vegaswikian (talk) 02:13, 7 August 2011 (UTC)

Snack food → Snack – Common name. Since there is also an requested move over at Talk:Candy bar I decided to follow suit with this. Is this ENGVAR or something? Because in America we usually call them snacks. Marcus  Qwertyus   08:54, 31 July 2011 (UTC) This article, which is primarily about processed and convenience foods, should not be renamed "Snack", nor should "Snack" redirect here, imo. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Zentomologist (talk • contribs) 01:13, 4 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Support. Seems sensible. As to ENGVAR, I'm Australian we generally call them snacks (can't speak for the Brits, though). Jenks24 (talk) 12:18, 31 July 2011 (UTC)
 * I don't think this is an ENGVAR situation; it's a scope issue. Is the article about the meal (which is "snack") or the food (which is "snack food").  They are two different things.  Not everything eaten for a snack is a "snack food", and "snack food" can be eaten at any meal.  Powers T 15:47, 31 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The "snack" is the act of snacking; "snack food" is food specifically produced for snacks. The article seems to be predominantly about the latter. -- Necrothesp (talk) 22:43, 31 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose. I also agree this is a scope issue. A snack is a small portion of any food rather than a full meal.
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Merged
Snack food has been merged into Snack, as proposed for half a year. bd2412 T 04:57, 10 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Snack food


text:
Talk:Tony Almeida

I don't understand why everytime I add this article on the writer's alternate endings to 24 seaspm six to Tony Almeida, 24 Season Six, and Nina Myer's wikipedia articles they are removed. Are the wikipedia staff removing these or are they the work of random wikipedia users. They are legitimate endings according to 24headquarters.com, amd Wordpress 24 Season 6 Spoilers, and therefore should be noted as they were used in the following wikipedia articles:

1. 24 Season 6

Why is this being deleted?
Everytime I post information about the alternate written ending drafts on the pages of Tony Almeida, 24 Season Six, and Nina Myer's they are removed, and all I ask is why? Is wikipedia doing this or is it being done by random users because I have sources from Wordpress 24 Season Six Spoilers, 24 TV Guide Interview, and www.24headquarters.com. Therefore I do not understand why these articles are continuously edited out.

Alternate Endings
The writers of 24 actually created three possible endings in three separate drafts in which Tony Almeida, or Nina Myer's were set to return to the set of 24 for season seven. In the first draft As the helicopter nears CTU, Bill’s instruments go haywire. The Chinese don’t want Cheng to be interrogated because he knows too much and they would rather he die along with Jack. The helicopter is locked onto and Cheng’s men hit it with an RPG. The chopper is going down and it appears a crash is imminent. Cheng is actually happy and is pleased he will be killed as he fears what the U.S. interrogators would have done to him. But Cheng will not have his death and Bill knows his stuff and he’s able to maneuver the chopper and he makes a crash landing on CTU. The landing is really rough but everyone is alive.

Jack gets out and he takes aim at the Chinese agents on the adjacent building but they are long gone. Jack rushes back to the helicopter and helps Josh get out. Bill secures Cheng and escorts him and Josh inside CTU. Jack stays behind and watches as everyone goes inside, and later Jack walks out of CTU and the Counter Terrorist Unit is a closed chapter in Jack’s life. Jack is cleared by security and he walks outside of the CTU gate and onto the public street.

A man on a motorcycle appears and he’s driving towards Jack. Jack is cautious and he puts his hand on his gun but nothing happens and Jack realizes that he doesn’t have to run anymore, the motorcycle man was nobody. Jack walks into an alleyway and he rests against the wall as he takes the day in and realizes that everything is over.

However as Jack turns the corner of the alleyway he’s hit in the head and he crashes to the ground in a semi-conscious state. A big black SUV pulls up and a woman gets out and helps the other man put Jack in the back seat. The SUV peels out and Jack is still hurting and in and out of consciousness. His blurry eyes look over to the right and his eyes adjust to reveal a man sitting next to him. Jack’s eyes adjust to reveal a smiling President Charles Logan. Logan appears to be favoring his shoulder but he’s in pretty good shape. Logan tells Jack that there’s a lot he has to tell him and he needs to know that Jack won’t try anything stupid after he shows him something.

Then Logan tells a brief story about being the head of some energy corporation a while back and talks about Jack in Mexico five years ago and he mentions that Jack ruined his plans there. The woman driver tells Logan that they are not being followed and that nobody is exactly in a hurry to look for Jack. The woman turns around and the look on Jack’s face registers as pure shock. IT’S NINA MYERS. Jack is furious and confused but Logan explains this in a way in which I still don’t understand. Logan says that Jack killed “one of his girls” as she attempted to break out of CTU but that women wasn’t the operative Jack knew as Nina Myers. Logan shows Jack a photo of Logan in his 30’s and he’s in some sort of overseas village at a house on a cliff over looking the ocean and he’s with two young twin sisters who appear to be around seven or eight years old.

The season ends with Logan mentioning some sort of anti-terrorist organization and that Jack’s father was among the founding members and that now that both Phillip and Graham are dead they will need another Bauer to step up and assume the duties of keeping the world safe. The show ends with Logan telling Jack how much his country needs him and the final shot is of a confused Jack unsure of what to think and unsure of what’s to come. This ending explained why in an interview with TV Guide a writer of 24 stated a character came back with a vengence.

In the other draft in which Tony Almeida was returned to 24 Jack drops off of the helicopter as he originally did in the finale episode of season six, and Buchanan knows not to go look for Jack and that if he ever wants to be found he will be.

Jack makes it to the shore and sits and looks off into the ocean. There’s complete silence as Jack ponders where his life goes from here, he’s at the crossroads of his life. Then out of the silence we hear a faint sound. As the sound grows closer we realize it’s a helicopter. Jack looks behind him at a house on a cliff and a piercing white light focuses in on him as the helicopter descends down and lands on the beach. Jack takes out his gun and he thinks it’s CTU to come and detain him but it’s not. A heavily armed special forces unit pours out and they make Jack drop his gun. Jack complies and the men put a blindfold over Jack’s head and take him inside the helicopter.

The soldiers place Jack next to their leader who remains unseen as he’s talking on a cell phone which obscures his identity. The man on the phone hangs up and we go to complete darkness as we are now watching from Jack’s perspective. Then we hear the voice. I’m paraphrasing and it went something like; “I’m going to remove your blindfold Jack, but you need to understand something first. There are people within our government who want change. Two years ago I was part of that change and I payed a steep price for my patriotism… That price {Jack’s blindfold is removed} ….. was my wife”… Jack’s eyes adjust to reveal Tony Almeida. Jack simply replies with “Tony” as the look on his face registers as pure shock. We are left to believe that Chris Henderson recruited Tony well before day 5 and that Tony’s alleged death was nothing more than an elaborate hoax so that he could continue whatever work Henderson’s group has plans for. I guess we’re supposed to believe that Tony is recruiting Jack and this will lead us into the drastic season 7 change.

2. Nina Myers

Season Six Alternate Ending
In an early draft for season six Nina Myer's was set to return after President Logan and Nina Myers reveal to Jack that Nina had a twin sister that was killed. In the full draft as the helicopter carrying Cheng as in episode twenty-four of season six nears CTU, Bill’s instruments go haywire. The Chinese don’t want Cheng to be interrogated because he knows too much and they would rather he die along with Jack. The helicopter is locked onto and Cheng’s men hit it with an RPG. The chopper is going down and it appears a crash is imminent. Cheng is actually happy and is pleased he will be killed as he fears what the U.S. interrogators would have done to him. But Cheng will not have his death and Bill knows his stuff and he’s able to maneuver the chopper and he makes a crash landing on CTU. The landing is really rough but everyone is alive.

Jack gets out and he takes aim at the Chinese agents on the adjacent building but they are long gone. Jack rushes back to the helicopter and helps Josh get out. Bill secures Cheng and escorts him and Josh inside CTU. Jack stays behind and watches as everyone goes inside, and later Jack walks out of CTU and the Counter Terrorist Unit is a closed chapter in Jack’s life. Jack is cleared by security and he walks outside of the CTU gate and onto the public street.

A man on a motorcycle appears and he’s driving towards Jack. Jack is cautious and he puts his hand on his gun but nothing happens and Jack realizes that he doesn’t have to run anymore, the motorcycle man was nobody. Jack walks into an alleyway and he rests against the wall as he takes the day in and realizes that everything is over.

However as Jack turns the corner of the alleyway he’s hit in the head and he crashes to the ground in a semi-conscious state. A big black SUV pulls up and a woman gets out and helps the other man put Jack in the back seat. The SUV peels out and Jack is still hurting and in and out of consciousness. His blurry eyes look over to the right and his eyes adjust to reveal a man sitting next to him. Jack’s eyes adjust to reveal a smiling President Charles Logan. Logan appears to be favoring his shoulder but he’s in pretty good shape. Logan tells Jack that there’s a lot he has to tell him and he needs to know that Jack won’t try anything stupid after he shows him something.

Then Logan tells a brief story about being the head of some energy corporation a while back and talks about Jack in Mexico five years ago and he mentions that Jack ruined his plans there. The woman driver tells Logan that they are not being followed and that nobody is exactly in a hurry to look for Jack. The woman turns around and the look on Jack’s face registers as pure shock. IT’S NINA MYERS. Jack is furious and confused but Logan explains this in a way in which I still don’t understand. Logan says that Jack killed “one of his girls” as she attempted to break out of CTU but that women wasn’t the operative Jack knew as Nina Myers. Logan shows Jack a photo of Logan in his 30’s and he’s in some sort of overseas village at a house on a cliff over looking the ocean and he’s with two young twin sisters who appear to be around seven or eight years old.

The season ends with Logan mentioning some sort of anti-terrorist organization and that Jack’s father was among the founding members and that now that both Phillip and Graham are dead they will need another Bauer to step up and assume the duties of keeping the world safe. The show ends with Logan telling Jack how much his country needs him and the final shot is of a confused Jack unsure of what to think and unsure of what’s to come.

3. Tony Almeida
 * One thing I don't understand is that becuase this alternate ending was made, people suddenly think he's definatly alive. This is an alternate ending. It did'nt really happen. I know he's gonna return for season 7, but still.Green Kirby 02:13, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

Season Six Alternate Ending
In an early written draft of the finale episode of twenty four season six plans to bring back Tony Almeida were made, after (according to the draft) it was revealed that he was working with Henderson in season five, and that his death was a setup. In the original draft in which Tony Almeida was returned to 24 Jack drops off of the helicopter as he originally did in the finale episode of season six, and Buchanan knows not to go look for Jack and that if he ever wants to be found he will be.

Jack makes it to the shore and sits and looks off into the ocean. There’s complete silence as Jack ponders where his life goes from here, he’s at the crossroads of his life. Then out of the silence we hear a faint sound. As the sound grows closer we realize it’s a helicopter. Jack looks behind him at a house on a cliff and a piercing white light focuses in on him as the helicopter descends down and lands on the beach. Jack takes out his gun and he thinks it’s CTU to come and detain him but it’s not. A heavily armed special forces unit pours out and they make Jack drop his gun. Jack complies and the men put a blindfold over Jack’s head and take him inside the helicopter.

The soldiers place Jack next to their leader who remains unseen as he’s talking on a cell phone which obscures his identity. The man on the phone hangs up and we go to complete darkness as we are now watching from Jack’s perspective. Then we hear the voice. I’m paraphrasing and it went something like; “I’m going to remove your blindfold Jack, but you need to understand something first. There are people within our government who want change. Two years ago I was part of that change and I payed a steep price for my patriotism… That price {Jack’s blindfold is removed} ….. was my wife”… Jack’s eyes adjust to reveal Tony Almeida. Jack simply replies with “Tony” as the look on his face registers as pure shock. We are left to believe that Chris Henderson recruited Tony well before day 5 and that Tony’s alleged death was nothing more than an elaborate hoax so that he could continue whatever work Henderson’s group has plans for. I guess we’re supposed to believe that Tony is recruiting Jack and this will lead us into the drastic season 7 change.

Spoiler
Isn't "and though now deceased" a spoiler and not something that should be in the first paragraph? Timan123 05:26, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

Who keeps deleting the character dossiers for these characters?!
 * I did. You copied it straight from the official website without permission. See Copyrights K1Bond007 17:58, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)

Director -> Special Agent in Charge
look at Jack's profile at the official 24 website(http://www.fox.com/24/profiles/), it states: "Former Special Agent in Charge", not Director of CTU. This includes George Mason, Jack Bauer and the others who held the position.

Reply: That's the same position as referred in Season One when Kim was in police custody he told the police "My father's name is Jack Bauer, Director of CTU LA." He was definitely Special Agent in Charge back then.

Dead? (Day 5, 8:00am)
I can't believe he's dead, seeing as how (a) we didn't actually have verification, and there was no silent clock. If Edgar gets a silent clock, Tony gets a mother******' silent clock. Jonpin 03:03, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Obviously he didn't die. No silent clock. — 0918 BRIAN • 2006-03-14 03:08

 * I like to think the silent clock was for all of the people in CTU who died, as well as Edgar. morphax 04:08, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't think that he is dead yet. shows him in episodes up to 10:00 PM to 11:00 PM. -Joelon-10:43 AM 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * http://www.fox.com/24/episodes/7pm.htm Fox website says Tony is dead, and the clinical psychiatrist says you are all in the denial stage ;) Although the IMDB is admittedly interesting... Martin Hinks 16:38, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The IMDB link isn't all that convincing. They show Dennis Haysbert as appearing up to 11PM as well.

 * He is not dead fact, also there was no silent clock, he was still alive until .00

 * I don't think he is dead(Carlos Benard is listed as cast)

 * I assume the reason that they get accredited for appearing in the show is because of the Previously segments. In addition, there was that small scene in the beginning of 9:00 of Tony's body being covered with a white sheet. 144.118.214.43 03:25, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Everyone, please wait until next weeks episode before we put Tony as "deceased". We do not know if he is dead yet. dposse 03:10, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

New York Times says that he is dead. Simon Beavis

Sorry, it's been proven that he is dead by many media sources. You are killing us --Looking Glass 03:36, 14 March 2006 (UTC)
 * That isn't proof. That media source has no more information than anyone else about Tony Almeida. The claim that he died is only the writer's interpretation. —Guanaco 03:42, 14 March 2006 (UTC)
 * It has an interview with the actor talking about his character's death. It is not interpretation it is confirmed. They just couldn't report it until after the episode aired. Here is another article: Proof --Looking Glass 03:45, 14 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Even if Tony will ultimately die from the injection, he is not dead as of 8:00. —Guanaco 03:59, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

We need to wait until next weeks episode before we say that Tony has died. It is the only right thing to do. dposse 03:57, 14 March 2006 (UTC)
 * No we don't. We'll know when the offcial FOX site adds the episode into their episode guide. Simon Beavis

That is a extremely wrong way to get infomation. The best way is to wait until they say it on the show. The best thing to do is to keep his status as "unknown" for now. dposse 04:43, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The FOX.com episode guide is canon, and the entry for this ep will be up on Tuesday. Simon Beavis

Given the track record of the NYT, we should probably put Tony back in the "Alive" column...

 * Have added official reference to Fox website. Martin Hinks 09:41, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * yeah it looks like Tony's dead. the only way he's still going to be alive is if there is some type of antidote.

The thing i have a problem with is that at the second that the show ended, i dont think he died. He might have died at 8:01, but at 7:59 he was still alive!! dposse 15:41, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * His character profile has been updated on Fox.com, the deceased tag is over his picture. Tony's gone.

 * "7:59 P.M.

Jack enters the clinic and finds Tony and Burke on the ground. Gasping his last breath of life, Tony tells Jack that he couldn’t do it. Jack clutches Tony’s head. Tony dies, and Jack cries with him still in his arms." This really confirms it from the official site, surely. There's no argueing with that.01:20, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

The canadian previews for next week's ep show Tony's body with a sheet over him. He's dead. 208.59.171.97 23:23, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

NY Times confirmation
It's offical: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/14/arts/television/14kill.html morphax 04:13, 14 March 2006 (UTC)
 * It's only official when it is shown on the show. Entertainment news is always getting it wrong, and even with the interviews, they can leak false information to throw the audience off. It's likely that he died, or at least will die this season, but there's no rush. — 0918 BRIAN • 2006-03-14 04:14

Check official site
If Tony is officially dead, they'll post "Deceased" across his profile at the Fox 24 website:

http://www.fox.com/24/profiles/ta.htm

So far no change.
 * How many times do I have to post this? http://www.fox.com/24/episodes/7pm.htm It doesn't get much more official than that. Martin Hinks 16:37, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

Deceased has been placed over Tony's picture. 'He's Gone'

Death and Backlash reverts
This is justified. Manny Coto's board, IMDb, and even radio hosts continue to discuss whether or not Tony Almeida died. Those primarily at IMDb, Coto's board, and the AlmeidaIsGod community have expressed their outrage towards the show's writers for killing him off so suddenly and without a Silent clock to boot. I honestly can't see why the "Death and Backlash" edit is not justified.
 * Whether he died is not the same same a backlash and one that went so far as to call for a boycott or call this the beginning of the end for the show. This section is extreme and it needs far better sources than a website called "AlmeidaIsGod" and a few random critcisms about the show from IMDb. This section is heavily POV and doesn't, IMHO, represent the general feeling of the fans of the show. K1Bond007 03:46, 19 March 2006 (UTC)
 * By the way, AlmeidaIsGod is a community, and on IMDb, the threads concerning his death are a dime a dozen. Coto's board is the only thing that seems to stick here. I wonder why.--DethFromAbove 04:50, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

I'm the webmaster of almeidaisgod.com. Our website has never called for a boycott of the show, nor has our site endorsed one. This page says that "some individuals have called for a boycott of the show suggesting this is the 'beginning of the end' for 24" and then provides a reference link to our website. It is no secret that we have openly voiced our view that Tony's death (and more specifically the manner in which it was executed) was a huge mistake and detrimental to the series. It is also no secret that our site staff and many of our readers have some very negative feelings toward the show as a result of this event. Although many of our readers have posted messages on our dicussion forum to the effect that they planned to boycott the show and we also published excerpts of letters we received from our readers suggesting they planned to boycott the show on our site, we did not call for a boycott or instruct anyone to stop watching. As for the suggestion that our website is not a credible source to discern the general feeling of fans of the show, we never claimed to be the final authority or to speak for all 24 fans. All we can do is give fans of Tony Almeida a voice and a community. However, we are relatively well known among the online 24 fan community and we receive between 400 and 1000 hits daily. We received dozens upon dozens of e-mails, guestbook comments and forum posts after the character died and still continue to receive them. It's obvious that Tony's death has had a significant impact on a sizable portion of the show's fanbase, whether or not it reflects a general feeling of all fans of the show.

Semi-protect
I've semi-protected the page to prevent the ongoing vandalism over the past few minutes - (If'n I'm outta line, I apologize!) Mhking 03:54, 14 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks! AdamJacobMuller 03:55, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

I agree. That will help us alot. dposse 03:58, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

Almeida not pardoned?
The article presently says this: "...although for some reason Palmer chose not to issue Tony a pardon while he was still president." But Tony's profile (located here: http://www.fox.com/24/profiles/ta.htm ) explicitly says "Pardoned by President Palmer." What gives?

He also explicitly states in Season 4 when speaking to Jack: "I'm not in Federal Prison anymore thanks to you and President Palmer.

Re: The Bauer-Almeida connection
Very well-stated. --James26 03:03, 1 October 2006 (UTC)
 * That section was kinda stupid. I'm glad it was deleted.Green Kirby 17:45, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

Tony is alive?
Tony has been spotted on the set of 24 Season 6. By standers claim he shot scenes. This is confirmed on foxnews.com under "On the Record". Should this spoiler be included in the article?

Here's the link for the video featuring Carlos Bernard on Season 6. Mista Tee001 22:16, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

http://fox24.co.uk/main/index.php?option=com_wrapper&Itemid=34

Tony's Death
A note to all those, desperately clinging to Tony's being alive. He is DEAD. Look here http://www.fox.com/24/profiles/ta.htm. The word 'DECEASED' is a bit of a give away. Algebra man 14:49, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

yeah and at the end of season 5 when jack kills henderson he says, " you are responsible for the deaths of david palmer. michele dessler and tony almeida. so there you go

The website says explicitly in at least three places that he is dead. The part of the article that says he "might" be alive shouldn't even be in there IMO

Spanish
I don't see why Tony's ability to speak Spanish should be placed in the Day 3 section, I am sure that there is somewhere more appropriate for it to go. Also it is inaccurate. Tony has been seen speaking Spanish on the show, in Day 1 he said to Jamey "Eres una verguenze," which translates as "You are a waste of space/embarassment/disgrace." I would change it but I don't know where it ought to go. I also don't see why it mentions the number of Hispanic co-stars as Tony didn't come into contact with most of them. I think the only one he properly spoke to was Gael.Algebra man 15:50, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

Trivia
The trivia section is a bit....huge. It should be cut down and/or have parts of it incorporated into the main part of the article. MoChan 21:20, 14 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Now there's no trivia. I hope your happy.Green Kirby 17:40, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

Fan speculation regarding Almeida's survival
Is it not worth having a section at the bottom of the article about this, simply because the speculation has been so huge and there are so many sources to back it up? I considered adding something but I know it would have been reverted straight away, even if I was staying impartial and commenting purely on the level of speculation. I felt instead that something needed to be said on here. Any ideas on what, if anything, should be incorporated into the article? Northeasternbeast 19:02, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Speculation
I quite agree with the sentiments above. Almeida was a key character in 24 and since his 'death' there has been an enormous amount of speculation. This has only increased in recent months with Carlos Bernard's refusal to be drawn on the subject and also the hints dropped by the 24 writers and producers in a recent press conference. Quite why some contributors seem almost vehement in their desire to delete any such contributions is beyond me. There IS speculation. Fact. Speculation indeed at this juncture, but there is no smoke without fire. Surely a factual entry about the fictional 24 character Tony Almeida should contain a line about the increasing fan speculation about his current status? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.155.38.5 (talk) 09:16, 2 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Provide us with references and we may include that there is speculation about Tony's death. Otherwise, anything that is added about his being alive will be removed immediately. Also, please sign your posts by typing ~ afterwards. asyndeton 10:43, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

 * For starters... http://www.tv.com/story/9952.html (Comic-Con '07: One hour with 24)
 * http://youtube.com/watch?v=u-W85Xk9LcU (Recent Carlos Bernard interview video) Northeasternbeast 22:03, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

Merging
This page should not be merged for two reasons. One, Tony Almeida was a main character on the show for 5 seasons and two, he will be again for Season 7. --MiB-24 (talk) 02:21, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

I agree with the above. I generally agree with getting rid of superfluous and unnecessary pages, but I don't think this is one of them. But then again, I am a newbie, and understand I could be hopelessly wrong...The Young Ones 13:44, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

Keep: Tony has been a central character throughout, appearing in 5 of the six seasons so far and, by the end of season 5, he had appeared in more epiodes than any other character, excluding Jack. He is not a nobody, he has extreme importance in the 24 universe. asyndeton 17:31, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

KEEP I'd like to see the Wiki "policy" or "criteria" that the WikiNazis are using to justify this unnecessary and idiotic merge. It's happening with just about ALL of the other major "24" characters as well, and has, in my opinion, gotten way out of hand. Angelriver 18:32, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Comment When characters such as Tony Almeida are suggested for merging, 'out of hand' does not do the situation justice. asyndeton 18:33, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Comment Completely agree.Angelriver 20:02, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

KEEP as Tony Almedia was a major character on the show for 5 seasons and will return for Season 7. He was the Director of CTU for over 3 years (24 time), the same position Jack Bauer once held. Wanting to merge such an important character into the a page for minor ones is just nuts. --208.180.22.12 23:08, 30 November 2007 (UTC)
 * KEEP I think that besides Jack, Tony is perhaps the most important character on the show.Italian Robot (talk) 00:05, 20 December 2007 (UTC)

It's a fictional character!
These are fictional characters, made up by the writers for the show. So why is there a whining complaint on every charaters page complaining that the source of a characters fictional biography is the shows website? DUH! What better source would there be. These are the guys making up the characters. Why should we have to go find a website where some reporter regurgitated the same stuff put forth by the original authors? Niteshift36 (talk) 05:30, 7 January 2008 (UTC)

 * It staggers the imagination, does it not? Angelriver (talk) 06:43, 7 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Sure, why use the author as a source when we can use the use someone rehashing the authors work? But some wikinazi is going to demand it. Niteshift36 (talk) 06:54, 7 January 2008 (UTC)

 * There is a difference between paraphrasing and copyright infringement. If you wish to use the official site as a source, you cannot quote it word for word in a Wikipedia article as doing so infringement. Certainly there are other ways of saying the same thing without mimicking the writing of others....? 147.70.244.134 (talk) 23:50, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

Plot summary that is too long compared to the rest of the article?
Could one honestly validate this complaint for a 24 character? Most of a character's development is told through the events of each season. Seeing as basically every action a character makes in the series has a specific purpose, it's no easy task. Sure, trim some fat, but to demand a 24 plot summary matches everything else in size is beyond silly. Outside of maybe copy-pasting information out of an official Fox profile, one would be lucky to get anything relevant of that size. Kanten (talk) 07:14, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

Category:Fictional terrorists
What should we do with this category now that the first four episodes have been shown? I'm a bit wary using it, now we know he's deep cover. "Fictional hitmen" or "Fictional mercenaries", sure. But I'm a bit cautious about "fictional terrorists". Sceptre (talk) 19:10, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm just going to remove it. It's clearly incorrect. Niteshift36 (talk) 19:25, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

Season Eight
As of right now, Carlos Bernard is not listed on any of the official Fox press releases as returning to reprise the role of Tony Almeida. The only main cast members whom Fox has mentioned as returning are Kiefer Sutherland, Mary Lynn Rajskub, Cherry Jones, and Annie Wersching. Speculation by a single newspaper's blog really isn't a reliable source, when in every other article out there, Carlos/Tony is not mentioned. Until there is something comes from Fox, Tony should not be listed as a returning character. --MiB-24 (talk) 04:20, 6 July 2009 (UTC)

Logical Error
I have not seen this part, yet, so I do not know what is correct. Hopefully, someone who has seen this will clear it up.

The last few lines of the Season 7 summary read:
 * As he prepares to kill Wilson, Tony is shot and killed by Jack and Renee. As the FBI detains him, Tony curses Jack as a coward and a traitor as he is led away into FBI custody.

Correct me if I'm misunderstanding something, but I do not think that Tony could curse Jack if he has be "shot and killed". I assumed the "and killed" is a typo, but I do know for sure since I haven't seen this far in the show. Maybe the last sentence is out of place. If he eventually dies from the shot some time after being led away, then these sentences need to be re-written to make that clear. I'm reluctant to fix it until I've seen it for myself. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Otasyn (talk • contribs) 23:03, 2 August 2011 (UTC)

Day 7 Fictional Sangala
Day 7 involves a fictional African country called Sangala. This article incorrectly linked this with Sangala in Pakistan. I have removed this link but it may remain on other 24 related pages.Anonymous watcher (talk) 14:22, 3 January 2013 (UTC)

Legacy
Tony Almeida clearly failed to get Henry Donovan to talk. I don't get the logic of "more of an episode". All of this info on Tony is based off the episodes he appeared in. But obviously someone here wants to engage in an editing war with me.Frank.chan1983 (talk) 00:45, 31 March 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Tony Almeida


text:
Austin A70

The Austin A70 Hampshire and later Austin A70 Hereford are cars that were produced by Austin of Britain from 1948 until 1954. They were conventional body-on-frame cars with similar styling to the smaller A40 Devon and A40 Somerset models respectively, though with an entirely different larger and wider body on chassis construction. 85,682 were built.

A70 Hampshire
Most first generation A70s were Hampshire 4-door saloons, though some estate and pickup truck versions were also produced as the A70 Countryman and A70 Pick-up respectively. The 2.2 L (2199 cc) straight-4 pushrod engine provided the same power output, at 67 bhp, as it had when installed in the earlier Austin 16 hp. The new car was nevertheless lighter and published acceleration and top speed figures were correspondingly brisker. Accelerating from 0-80 km/h took 14.5 seconds and the maximum speed was 83.3 mi/h. The Hampshire used Girling hydraulic brakes which operated on the front wheels only; the rears being mechanical, a setup which was shared with the earlier (GS2) A40 Devon.

Production of the model ended in 1950 with 35,261 being built. In 1950 the UK price was £648, which included the heater.

A70 Hereford
The A70 Hereford replaced the Hampshire in 1950 and was wider and slightly longer with an extra 3 in in the wheelbase. A new addition to the range was the A70 Coupe, a 2-door convertible with coachwork by Carbodies of Coventry. A notable mechanical change was the use of fully hydraulic brakes. The smaller A40 Somerset had similar styling and shared the same doors and rear wings.

The car retained the 2199cc 4-cylinder engine first seen officially in 1945 on the Austin 16. Performance was adequate by the standards of the time, but the car was not particularly quiet, and an Autocar magazine road test in 1950 reported a "small vibration at about 40 m.p.h. on the overrun" on its test car. Austin had given a lead after the war in equipping its cars with interior heaters at no extra cost, and the Hereford came fitted with "the latest Smiths fresh-air installation" as standard equipment. The road tester found the heater, like the engine and indeed the windscreen wipers, "rather noisy in operation", however.

Sales were slow, with 50,421 having been produced when the A90 Westminster replaced it in 1954. Another rare variant was the A70 Pickup/Ute This shared the same platform as the estate, but with fully faired bodywork aft of the driving cab. The interior of this rather plush workhorse was the same as the saloon, but instead of a large split-bench seat the pickup had a full width bench seat. Full instrumentation was mounted in the centre of the dashboard allowing easy viewing whether for left- or right-hand drive versions. All variations had a 4 speed steering column gear change.

An A70 tested by the British magazine The Motor in 1951 had a top speed of 80.5 mph and could accelerate from 0-60 mph in 21.4 seconds. A fuel consumption of 21.9 mpgimp was recorded. The test car cost £911 including taxes.

title: Austin A70


text:
Rockwell X-30

The Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. Started in 1986, it was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner (the Orient Express) capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of two and oriented towards testing.

Development
The NASP concept is thought to have been derived from the "Copper Canyon" project of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), from 1982 to 1985. In his 1986 State of the Union Address, President Ronald Reagan called for "a new Orient Express that could, by the end of the next decade, take off from Dulles Airport, accelerate up to 25 times the speed of sound, attaining low earth orbit or flying to Tokyo within two hours".

Research suggested a maximum speed of Mach 8 for scramjet-based aircraft, as the vehicle would generate heat due to adiabatic compression, which would expend considerable energy. The project showed that much of this energy could be recovered by passing hydrogen over the skin and carrying the heat into the combustion chamber: Mach 20 then seemed possible. The result was a program funded by NASA, and the United States Department of Defense (funding was approximately equally divided among NASA, DARPA, the US Air Force, the Strategic Defense Initiative Office (SDIO) and the US Navy).

In April 1986, McDonnell Douglas, Rockwell International, and General Dynamics were awarded contracts (each no more than $35 M) to develop technology for a hypersonic air-breathing SSTO vehicle/airframe. Rocketdyne and Pratt & Whitney were each awarded contracts of $175 M to develop engines/propulsion. The airframe contractors would compete and two or three would be eliminated after a year. The plan was that 42 months later (end of 1989), contracts would be awarded to build the flight demonstrator vehicle.

In 1990, the companies joined under the direction of Rockwell International to develop the craft, to deal with the technical and budgetary obstacles. Development of the X-30, as it was then designated, began.

Despite progress in the necessary structural and propulsion technology, NASA had substantial problems to solve. The Department of Defense wanted it to carry a crew of two and a small payload. The demands of being a human-rated vehicle, with instrumentation, environmental control systems and safety equipment, made the X-30 larger, heavier, and more expensive than required for a technology demonstrator. The X-30 program was terminated amid budget cuts and technical concerns in 1993.

Legacy
A more modest hypersonic program culminated in the uncrewed X-43 "Hyper-X".

A detailed, one-third scale (50-foot long) mockup of the X-30 was built by engineering students at Mississippi State University's Raspet Flight Research Laboratory in Starkville, Mississippi. It is on display at the Aviation Challenge campus of the U.S. Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama.

Design

The original concept was for a conical nose, this evolved (after 1987?) to a flat shovel shape.

The X-30 configuration integrated engine and fuselage. The shovel-shaped forward fuselage generated a shock wave to compress air before it entered the engine. The aft fuselage formed an integrated nozzle to expand the exhaust. The engine between was a scramjet. At the time, no scramjet engine was close to operational.

The aerodynamic configuration was an example of a waverider. Most of the lift was generated by the fuselage by compression lift. The "wings" were small fins providing trim and control. This configuration was efficient for high-speed flight, but would have made takeoff, landing and slow-speed flight difficult.

Temperatures on the airframe were expected to be 980 C over a large part of the surface, with maxima of more than 1650 C on the leading edges and portions of the engine. This required the development of high temperature lightweight materials, including alloys of titanium and aluminum known as gamma and alpha titanium aluminide, advanced carbon/carbon composites, and titanium metal matrix composite (TMC) with silicon carbide fibers. Titanium matrix composites were used by McDonnell Douglas to create a representative fuselage section called "Task D". The Task D test article was four feet high by eight feet wide by eight feet long. A carbon/epoxy cryogenic hydrogen tank was integrated with the fuselage section and the whole assembly, including volatile and combustible hydrogen, was successfully tested with mechanical loads and a temperature of 820 °C (1,500 °F) in 1992, just before program cancellation.

title: Rockwell X-30