text:
Ur-Quan

The Ur-Quan are a fictional race of predatory alien caterpillars in the Star Control series of video games, created by Paul Reiche III and Fred Ford. Introduced in 1990, the Ur-Quan are the primary antagonist of the first game, leading a galactic empire that seeks to enslave Earth. They reprise their role in Star Control II, which expands on their history as former slaves who since vowed to fiercely defend themselves. During the game, the Ur-Quan enter into a civil war over their ideology, giving Earth an opportunity to defeat them. In Star Control 3, which was developed by a different team, the Ur-Quan ally with Earth against a different antagonist and their role is scaled back. They appear once again in The Ur-Quan Masters, the 2002 open source remake of Star Control II.

Reiche and Ford developed the Ur-Quan based on the concepts for unique spaceships in Star Control; their insectoid appearance was inspired by a National Geographic photo of a caterpillar. Their role in Star Control II has earned acclaim among the best game villains in history, praised for their menacing persona, as well as their surprising depth and humanity. The Ur-Quan have also influenced other game studios, inspiring concepts in games such as Mass Effect and Stellaris.

Background
The Ur-Quan are fictional characters in the Star Control series of video games, appearing as an alien race of giant predatory caterpillars. Their history is revealed through character dialog, which describes them as a species who evolved on a harsh planet in a distant region of space. Their biological lineage is compared to solitary predators such as the praying mantis, who are naturally limited in their social behaviors. As the Ur-Quan developed intelligence and culture, they were able to master their fierce territorial and hunting instincts, and build a co-operative spacefaring civilization. Eventually, as they began the exploration of their own solar system, they were discovered by an alien race known as the Taalo - members of a loose collection of space faring civilizations known as the Sentient Milieu - and offered membership.

Twenty thousand years before Star Control, Ur-Quan explorers discovered a psychic race called the Dnyarri, who enslaved the Ur-Quan and compelled them to attack and destroy the rest of the Sentient Milieu. Using genetic engineering, the Dnyarri separated the original brown Ur-Quan into two sub-species. The green Ur-Quan became the Dnyarri's favored administrators and researchers, and the black Ur-Quan became their designated soldiers. Many generations later, the Ur-Quan led a successful slave revolt. They discovered they could break the Dnyarri's psychic compulsion by torturing themselves, giving them enough time to kill and eventually exterminate their Dnyarri oppressors.

The Ur-Quan vowed they would never again be slaves, and began to conquer all other intelligent life in the galaxy. The green Ur-Quan were renamed the Ur-Quan Kzer-Za in honor of the Ur-Quan scientist who freed them all. The Kzer-Za moved forward with the 'Path of Now and Forever', a policy of security through enslaving all non-Ur-Quan sentient life, controlling them as either 'battle thralls', or as 'fallow slaves' forever imprisoned on their home worlds under impenetrable force-fields. The Black Ur-Quan, renamed the Ur-Quan Kohr-Ah after their new leader, felt that they could only be safe with the complete annihilation of all non-Ur-Quan life, an ideology they called the 'Eternal Doctrine'. The differing doctrines of the two fiercely territorial species escalated into a civil war. After devastating losses, the Kzer-Za eventually triumphed through the discovery of an enormous ancient battleship created by a lost alien civilization called the Precursors.

Appearances
The Star Control games are set in the 22nd century, with the player defending humanity from the Ur-Quan Hierarchy, an empire of alien races enslaved by the Ur-Quan. The original Star Control is an action-strategy game, telling a simple story about a war between two alliances, with the Ur-Quan seeking to enslave Earth and its allies. Star Control II greatly expands on the fiction and characters from the first game, allowing the player to learn the Ur-Quan's deeper history and motivations. The sequel begins by revealing that the Ur-Quan succeeded in enslaving their enemies, with planet Earth imprisoned under a Slave Shield. The story slowly reveals that the Ur-Quan are preoccupied with their 'Second Doctrinal Conflict', a civil war to determine who should hold the moral authority to impose their will on the galaxy. At the climax of Star Control II, the Ur-Quan are defeated when a bomb destroys their ancient Precursor battleship. However, Star Control II can also end with the Kohr-Ah faction winning their civil war, allowing them to annihilate every alien race in the region, one-by-one.

The Ur-Quan have a minor role in Star Control 3, which was created by a different development team. The game starts with the Ur-Quan joining an alliance with Earth, but they are ultimately undermined by another civil war with the Kohr-Ah. They are also featured in The Ur-Quan Masters, the official open source remake of Star Control II.

Concept and creation
Creators Paul Reiche III and Fred Ford first conceived of the Ur-Quan for the original Star Control. Reiche and Ford began with paper illustrations, which led them to implement ships with special abilities, with each character concept inspired by each ship's unique look-and-feel. Reiche described their character creation process: "I know it probably sounds weird, but when I design a game like this, I make drawings of the characters and stare at them. I hold little conversations with them. 'What do you guys do?' And they tell me". One large spaceship had the ability to launch fighters, and this ship led the designers to a creative conclusion – since these aliens had command over others, they should be a powerful ancient race that plays the role of the lead antagonist. Reiche and Ford felt that the word "Ur-" had ancient connotations, and liked the sound of "Quan", and thus the Ur-Quan were created.

The first Star Control story was mainly written in the instruction manual, describing the Ur-Quan as founders of an evil Hierarchy, a "rigid union of the ancient Ur-Quan slavers and their minions". Reiche and Ford wrote the Ur-Quan's motivations for galactic dominance as their desire for slaves. Reiche had previously created a mantis-inspired race called the Thri-Kreen for Advanced Dungeons & Dragons, and the mantis continued to inspire the creation of Star Control 's insectoid species. When Reiche saw a National Geographic image of a predatory caterpillar dangling over its prey, this became the basis for the Ur-Quan's appearance. The origins of Star Control II were motivated by the designers' interest in expanding on the first game's story. As they began writing the new game, Reiche and Ford used the first game's characters to tell simple visual stories about their fictional conflicts. Their intention was to develop aliens who were exaggerations of human flaws, personalities, and cultures. The Ur-Quan were already understood as a race of slavers in Star Control, so the writers developed their motivation by imagining them as former slaves themselves. Reiche attempted to humanize the Ur-Quan, based on his own "relationships with people who had experienced significant childhood abuse and how those traumas produced distinctly odd behaviors in adults. [The Ur-Quan's] doctrines were the overtly crazy but internally reasonable responses to their treatment by the Dnyarri, and the pain they had to endure to win their freedom from slavery". The team describes this writing process as imagining justifications for past creative decisions, building logically on details about the Ur-Quan's history, artwork, and game abilities.

The Ur-Quan theme music for Star Control II was created by fantasy artist Erol Otus, who first composed the song on a synthesizer before it was re-sampled and exported to MOD file format. The 3DO version of Star Control II features the voice of Larry Zee for the Ur-Quan Kzer-Za, and David Bryce for the Ur-Quan Kohr-Ah.

Reception and legacy
The Ur-Quan have been described as among the best villains in video games. In 1999, GameSpot ranked the Ur-Quan as their best villain in gaming, explaining how their "masochistic and truly sad history makes the Ur-Quan one of the very best villains. Even now, we are hard-pressed to find a race of adversaries as complex and three-dimensional". This mirrored their reader-voted awards, where fans chose them as the fourth greatest game villains. Richard Cobbett of Rock, Paper, Shotgun declared them a "galactic threat better than basically any science fiction role-playing video game that came after", praising the writers for developing the antagonist's motives and justifications. Game historian Rusel DeMaria also proclaimed the Ur-Quan as one of the all-time villainous races in gaming history. The A.V. Club included the Ur-Quan in their 2021 list of best aliens in pop culture, describing them as "tremendous sci-fi villains, importing heady old-school concepts into Star Control’s relentlessly fun space-based action". Noting their overall impact on the game industry, Hardcore Gaming 101 agreed that the Ur-Quan are "rightfully ranked among gaming's greatest villains", as "their terrible history evokes a classic sympathy for the devil, a dramatic moment that many authors only hope to achieve."

The Ur-Quan remain an iconic part of what made Star Control II a success. GameSpot further celebrated the Ur-Quan for their role in Star Control II as one of the best game endings, and GameSpot readers frequently proclaimed their role in one of the best game settings. The Red Bull Gaming channel also highlighted the Ur-Quan's importance to the classic setting of Star Control II. AllGame hailed the game as a "masterpiece" for its story, explaining how "the Ur-Quan, ostensibly the major villains, [...] become more sympathetic than most of the friendly-but-fluttery allies populating your own fleet. This is a rare and praiseworthy design achievement."

In addition, the Ur-Quan have been acclaimed for their music and audio design. Kurt Kalata of Hardcore Gaming 101 described how the music of Star Control II gives each alien race a stronger personality, particularly the Ur-Quan's foreboding theme. This similarly led GameSpot to rank the Star Control II soundtrack as the second greatest of all time, as "these themes were as diverse as the aliens' appearances. Your Green Ur-Quan masters had a commanding, pounding beat, while their more sinister brothers, the Black Ur-Quan, had a more menacing and subtle theme". John Szczepaniak of Retro Gamer praised the Ur-Quan's voice acting and dialog, including the "absolute dread caused by hearing in-depth explanations of what it's like to wear a 'pain excruciator'".

Star Control 3 was developed and written by a different team. Kurt Kalata felt that the game failed to give the Ur-Quan a meaningful role, though he praised their transformation from antagonist to ally. Similarly, Niko Nirvi of Pelit commented that Star Control 3 lacked an enemy as compelling as the Ur-Quan Kohr-Ah.

Influence
Star Control II has inspired several game studios, where the Ur-Quan have influenced some of the most successful space titles. With several Star Control II fans at Paradox Interactive, their space strategy game Stellaris offers the ability to encase a planet in a slave shield, and references the Ur-Quan's battle thralls as a policy option. Star Control II has also been noted as an influence on Mass Effect writers Mike Laidlaw and Patrick Weekes. The game had an impact on Laidlaw's formative years, and he later praised the Ur-Quan as one of the game's compelling mysteries. BioWare co-founder Ray Muzyka has also credited Star Control as an inspiration for the Mass Effect series. Journalists have since noted the design similarities between the Ur-Quan and Mass Effect's Reapers.

title: Ur-Quan


text: User talk:69.3.5.126

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:69.3.5.126


text:
User talk:Einziger

Pataki
The correct spelling of the name of the current governor of New York state is "Pataki". See http://www.state.ny.us/governor/. Kelly Martin 18:40, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Einziger


text:
Coupé Cloué

Jean Gesner Henry (10 May 1925 – 29 January 1998), known professionally as Coupé Cloué, was a Haitian footballer, singer, guitarist, and bandleader. He was known for defining a style of Haitian kompa music he called kompa manba, and for the sometimes bawdy innuendo used in his songs. During his career, he was one of Haiti's most prominent musicians, and found much success in West Africa as well.

Early years
As a young man, he received a classical music education and worked as a cabinetmaker before becoming a professional football player. It was from football, playing defense for the Port-au-Prince club Aigles Noirs, that he acquired his nickname, "Coupé Cloué" or "cut and nailed".

He began performing on guitar in 1951, and in 1957 he formed the band Trio Crystal, which he later renamed Trio Select, along with another guitar player and a maraca player. Their first album, one of the dozens Henry released during his career, was released in the late 1960s. In the early 1970s the group expanded from its original three, and renamed itself Ensemble Select. That decade also saw an increase in his use of racy spoken preaching and storytelling in addition to singing during songs; this became one of his trademarks.

In 1978 Coupé Cloué toured extensively in Africa, greatly increasing his international prominence. His popularity in West Africa was especially boosted by similarities between the rhythms and sounds of Henry's music an African soukous music. It was there that Henry earned the nickname, Roi Coupé (or "King Coupé"). During the 1980s and early 1990s, Henry continued to perform and record prolifically.

Henry died of diabetes in January 1998, having only retired from performing the previous month. He was mourned in Port-au-Prince by a day-long outdoor funeral celebration, attended by thousands of people, including the interim Minister of Culture.

Discography

 * Plein calle (1970)
 * Haïti vol.2 (1971)
 * Gro banbou (1972)
 * Cribiche (1973)
 * Map di (1975)
 * Preacher (1977)
 * L'Essentiel (1978)
 * World of (1979)
 * Back to roots (1980)
 * Abseloutment (1981)
 * Couci-couça (1981)
 * En dedans (1982)
 * 25th anniversaire (1983)
 * Antan'n pou antan'n nou (1983)
 * Ca fe map peye (1983)
 * 5 Continents (1984)
 * Mme Marcel (1985)
 * Malingio (1986)
 * Bel mariage (1987)
 * Racines (1988)
 * Coupe cloue-bèl mè (1989)
 * Full tank (1991)
 * Femme ce poto fe (1992)
 * Ti tete la (1993)
 * 40th anniversary (1997)

In popular culture

 * The songs "Madame Marcel" and "Papa Loco", was featured in the 1988 film The Serpent and the Rainbow.

title: Coupé Cloué


text:
Talk:Up All Night (Razorlight album)

"Don't Go Back To Dalston" - A track on the Razorlight album "Up All Night" widely beleived to be a plea from Razorlight front man Johnny Borrell to the musician Pete Doherty to end his notorious drug addict. However, Borrell has yet to confirm this, simply saying "If the fans want to think that, maybe that's what it is about."

Fair use rationale for Image:Razorlight - Up All Night.jpeg
Image:Razorlight - Up All Night.jpeg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 04:13, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Up All Night (Razorlight album)


text: Category:Tsim Sha Tsui

title: Category:Tsim Sha Tsui


text: Talk:Spike Jonze

title: Talk:Spike Jonze


text:
User:JeffreyATW

Jeffrey Carl Faden (born December 26, 1985) was a web developer.

Faden died on September 9th, 2080, at the age of ninety-four.

title: User:JeffreyATW


text:
David McNally (academic)

David McNally is an activist and the NEH Cullen Distinguished Professor of History and Business at the University of Houston. He was a professor of Political Science at York University in Toronto, Ontario from 1983 to 2018, and was chair of the university's Department of Political Science for several years. He is the author of many books and scholarly articles and the winner of the 2012 Deutscher Memorial Award and the 2012 Paul Sweezy Award.

He has a long history of involvement with and support for social justice movements and organizations.

Awards

 * 2012 Deutscher Memorial Award for Monsters of the Market: Zombies, Vampires and Global Capitalism
 * 2012 Paul Sweezy Award from American Sociological Association for Global Slump: The Economics and Politics of Crisis and Resistance

Books
McNally has published many books, including:
 * Political Economy and the Rise of Capitalism, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988
 * Against the Market: Political Economy, Market Socialism and the Marxist Critique, London: Verso, 1993
 * Bodies of Meaning: Studies on Language, Labor, and Liberation, Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000
 * Another World is Possible: Globalization and Anti-Capitalism, Winnipeg: Arbeiter Ring Publishing, first edition 2001, second edition 2006. 2005
 * Monsters of the Market: Zombies, Vampires and Global Capitalism, Boston: Brill, 2011/ Chicago: Haymarket, 2013. Winner of the 2012 Deutscher Memorial Award.
 * Global Slump: The Economics and Politics of Crisis and Resistance, Oakland, CA: PM Press, 2010. Winner of the 2012 Paul Sweezy Award.
 * Blood and Money: War, Slavery, Finance and Empire, Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2020.

He has contributed over 60 articles to journals such as Historical Materialism, Capital and Class, History of Political Thought, New Politics and Studies in Political Economy.

title: David McNally (academic)


text:
Émile Deschamps

Émile de Saint-Amand Deschamps (20 February 1791 – 23 April 1871) was a French poet. He was born at Bourges. The son of a civil servant, he adopted his father's career, but as early as 1812 he distinguished himself by an ode, La Paix conquise, which won the praise of Napoleon. In 1818 he collaborated with Henri de Latouche in two verse comedies, Selmours de Florian and Le Tour de faveur.

Deschamps and his brother Antoine François Marie were among the most enthusiastic disciples of the Victor Hugo, and Deschamps was one of the chiefs of the Romantic school. To further the cause of romanticism he founded with Victor Hugo La Muse Française (1824), a journal to which he contributed verses and stories signed "Le Jeune Moraliste." Four years afterward he collected and published Etudes française et étrangères (1828), consisting of poems and translations. He published La paix conquise (1812), an ode which won the praise of Napoleon; Contes physiologiques (1854); and Réalités fantastiques (1854). His Œuvres Complètes were published in six volumes (1872–74).

He wrote the text for the choral symphony Roméo et Juliette composed by Hector Berlioz in 1839. He also collaborated with Giacomo Meyerbeer and Eugène Scribe on the libretti of Les Huguenots (1836) and Le prophète (1849).

title: Émile Deschamps


text:
User talk:Bartok01

Welcome!
Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at the Guide to layout, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my New-Users' Talk Page.'''

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Happy editing! Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 18:46, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Tanghetto
Hello! It's good to see that you're adding interesting content to Wikipedia. Could you make sure, though, that you don't revert more experienced editors' attempts to bring the articles into line with Wikipedia style? For example, bold type has certain uses, and shouldn't be used to highlight people's names in the text. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 21:30, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The addition of the three images overbalances a short article (especially as there are already two images in a short article), and they can be added (as two of them have been) to the relevant articles on the albums. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 22:42, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Wptgt1.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:Tanghetto buenos aires remixed.jpg
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Your submission at Articles for creation: VIVO (Tanghetto album) has been accepted
 VIVO (Tanghetto album), which you submitted to Articles for creation, has been created. The article has been assessed as Start-Class, which is recorded on the article's talk page. You may like to take a look at the grading scheme to see how you can improve the article. You are more than welcome to continue making quality contributions to Wikipedia. . Thank you for helping improve Wikipedia! Worldbruce (talk) 23:57, 14 September 2014 (UTC)
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File permission problem with File:Incidental Tango.jpg
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File permission problem with File:Hybrid Tango II.jpg
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title: User talk:Bartok01


text:
Talk:Evening Standard

Move
Remove (London) from the title:
 * No reason for the disambiguation with the other page being a redirect to here. Jooler 18:47, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Support. James F. (talk) 01:44, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

This article has been renamed as the result of a move request. violet/riga (t) 10:33, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Metro
I've removed some of the text relating to Metro, as this is an entirely separate newspaper (available throughout the UK, not just the London commuter area) and already has its own article. It isn't an alternative edition of the Standard as the previous text seemed to imply. AdorableRuffian 00:23, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

London has its own edition, as do any other areas in which it is distributed, I believe.

Tyrenius 04:41, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

 * All UK national newspapers are "localised" to some extent, though - Metro is no exception. For what it's worth, the different Metro editions are more or less identical, apart from the event listings, classified advertisements and similar. AdorableRuffian 22:42, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

National and international news
It would be very misleading not to state that it gives a standard covering of national and international news. It is not like a normal local paper, which would only cover stories relating to the locality. Another point to bear in mind is that the supposedly "national" papers themselves have a disproportionate amount of London stories, because it is the capital.

Tyrenius 01:51, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

 * You could make a similar point about the Standard, though - it has a disproportionate amount of "national interest" stories because London is the capital (and hence generates more such stories than any other city). It's not because the Standard is striving to be a national/international newspaper, or indeed anything other than a London local paper.

 * I would certainly disagree with the notion that the Standard gives a "standard covering" of national news. As a Northerner, it is very obvious to me that coverage of non-London stories of national importance is exceedingly thin on the ground in comparison to the national dailies. AdorableRuffian 22:36, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

History section full of nonsense
The history section does not make sense at all. Whoever wrote that has completely confused the different papers.

The London newspaper called the Evening News started in 1881 and in 1893 the Harmsworth brothers bought it from Coleridge Kennard for £25,000. It became highly successful and was one of the leading popular papers. It assimilated many other papers, for example the Evening Mail in 1901 and appeared for few years under the name The Evening News and Mail. But it always returned to the name Evening News. It was incorporated into the the Evening Standard (actually twice) in the 1980s.

The Evening Standard is a completely different newspaper that started in 1827 and was a long time rival for the Evening News, until the merger in the 1980s. But right now, I don't know enough about that to rewrite the history.

So, I'm removing the history section from the actual page, because it is clearly misleading. I'm pasting it here just in case.

For sources, see for example:
 * Engel, M. (1996) Tickle the Public : One hundred years of the popular press. Gollancz, London.
 * Lee, A.J. (1976) The Origins of the Popular Press in England 1855–1914. Croom Helm, London.
 * Herd, H. (1952) The march of journalism : the story of the British press from 1622 to the present day. Allen & Unwin, London.

Removed history section: The paper was launched as the Standard on May 21, 1827, and for a short period, during the 1990s, it reverted to its original name (some other local newspapers in the UK have also been named Evening Standard). In 1893, it was sold under the name, London Evening News; nearly bankrupt, it was rescued by Alfred Harmsworth, who revitalized it by appealing to the popular taste. Within a year, its circulation had grown to 160,000 and was returning handsome profits.

In the beginning of the twentieth century, the paper was owned by Canadian tycoon Lord Beaverbrook, who also owned the Daily Express. At this time there were fourteen evening newspapers in London, but one by one they merged until there were three left. The Star merged with the Evening News in 1960, and the two remaining papers were great rivals until they shared ownership in the 1980s. In 1980, the Evening News was incorporated into the Evening Standard, leaving London with one single evening paper. The Evening News name still appears on the Standard's masthead.

I wrote a separate article on the history of The Evening News. Maybe someone who knows something could write the history of the Evening Standard.

--Gemena 18:26, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

 * So far as I remember the Evening Standard was merged into the Evening News to create the New Standard, which eventually retitled itself the Evening Standard. The EN, NS and new ES were all printed on the same Daily Mail presses in Fleet Street -- my grandfather was an electrician on the presses.  Surely this article should at least make some reference to the Evening News? Mrstonky (talk) 21:52, 21 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes, of course it should be mentioned. My point was that the old text was so misleading that it was not worth keeping. As I said, someone should completely rewrite the history section. Naturally including also the merger with the Evening News. --Gemena (talk) 08:01, 29 January 2009 (UTC)

New name
It is seems that as of yesterday the paper has been renamed the "London Evening Standard":  almost - instinct  08:54, 12 May 2009 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was not moved at this time. It is likely that consensus will change, though, if the paper becomes better known by it's new official name. Aervanath (talk) 20:34, 6 June 2009 (UTC)

Evening Standard → London Evening Standard — I have requested a page move from Evening Standard to London Evening Standard. - Presidentman (talk) Random Picture of the Day 10:49, 29 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Does it seem as if the paper's change of name is going to stick, and they're not going to do a "New Coke" and change back in a couple of months? If it seems permanent, then I support the move. Ed Fitzgerald t / c 14:04, 29 May 2009 (UTC)

 * As with Ed Fitzgerald, I would support as long as the change is permanant. Given that the paper has been just "Evening Standard" for so long though, we might want to address that in the intro. YeshuaDavid (talk) 22:19, 29 May 2009 (UTC)

Oppose. No evidence that this has become the common name used to refer to the publication, even if the official name has recently changed. Per WP:UCN. Dekimasu よ! 09:54, 31 May 2009 (UTC)

Oppose. Both Evening Standard and London Evening Standard should both go to the same page. However, as a lot of links outside of Wikipedia may already point to Evening Standard it should remain as the "master". --SteamedTreacle (talk) 22:24, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Surely the "be precise where necessary" clause of WP:NC means we should use the correct publication title as the article name, not the most common name? Yes, I'm aware of WP:OFFICIALNAMES, but you have a newspaper being sold on the streets under one name, and a title which seems outdated. YeshuaDavid (talk) 18:04, 4 June 2009 (UTC)
 * That phrase is meant to apply to situations in which a proposed title is vague (thus, the "necessary"). "Evening Standard" isn't vague to the best of my knowledge, so both titles are sufficiently precise. If you think the current title is outdated, please show that current usage in third-party sources has also changed. Dekimasu よ! 13:58, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

Examples:

 * Official website
 * Guardian article 1
 * Guardian article 2
 * Guardian article 3
 * Guardian article 4
 * Guardian article 5
 * Reuters
 * Gulf Times (bottom of page)

There are obviously much more mentions of Evening Standard online, but it is a recent move. YeshuaD avid  •  Talk  • 17:34, 5 June 2009 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Political independence
I wonder if we can get a third party source that they are truly politically independent now? MRSC (talk) 15:15, 10 October 2009 (UTC)

They have always been conservative, even before the general election! —Preceding unsigned comment added by TheTruth321 (talk • contribs) 09:11, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

It is not impartial towards the European Union, it spews pro-EU propaganda! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.132.244.222 (talk) 10:23, 24 October 2014 (UTC)

Front cover
This article would be improved by having more recent front cover as its main picture, to reflect the change in name and format the page has undergone since 2009. 84.92.117.93 (talk) 18:02, 24 January 2010 (UTC)

local
I suggest it's a regional newspaper. This distinguishes it from papers which circulate in just parts of London. Before it became free-of-charge, it could be bought in many parts of the south-east and further afield. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.140.57.113 (talk) 15:09, 24 May 2010 (UTC)

Requested move 04:09, 5 July 2013 (UTC)

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was moved. --BDD (talk) 21:41, 17 July 2013 (UTC)

Evening Standard → London Evening Standard – It was bought out by a Russian billionaire for a song and relaunched as a freesheet. While Londoners call it the Evening Standard, it's styled as the London Evening Standard, so indicating that's the proper unambiguous name  Ohc  ¡digame!¿que pasa? 04:09, 5 July 2013 (UTC)

Survey

 * Feel free to state your position on the renaming proposal by beginning a new line in this section with  or  , then sign your comment with  . Since polling is not a substitute for discussion, please explain your reasons, taking into account Wikipedia's policy on article titles.

 * Support. A newspaper's name is determined by what appears on its masthead. This newspaper's masthead has read "London Evening Standard" since 2009 so that is now the official name of the paper. -- Alarics (talk) 07:14, 5 July 2013 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Any additional comments:
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Editions
There is detailed information in the Lebedev takeover section of article about the daily editions of the paper before and after 4 January 2010. But there is nothing about any previous or subsequent changes. I am not sure what level of detail is appropriate in the article, but if someone wants to edit the article here is a note about the current position (based on my observation of copies on 24 June 2014):

There are two editions (which can be seen online where they are called "West End Final A" and "West End Final B"). There is no distinction on the front page of the printed copies which all say "West End Final". Any other updated pages (and also the back page) of the later "B" edition have a star near the page number. JonH (talk) 13:21, 28 June 2014 (UTC)

 * There was also a "Late Prices Extra" which if memory serves was published between the News Extra and the West End Final, but I don't have enough information to hand to add it to the article. I'll do some research and see if I can find a source edd (talk) 10:34, 19 July 2017 (UTC)

 * The information in the article about edition names, timings & the associated reporters’ shifts pre-2002 is almost wholly wrong. From memory (of 20 years ago) there were either five or six daily editions, depending on events. Starting with News Extra (deadline for splash 07.15, sold from approx 09.00); then City Prices (splash deadline 09.30, on sale approx 11.00); late prices extra (splash deadline 11.15-11.30, on sale 13.00): West End Final 1 (splash deadline 13.30); West End Final 2 (15.30); West End Final 3 (splash deadline 16.15 or later on big news days eg Budget, on sale 18.00 in inner London only). First reporters’ day shift in the office started at 05.00, second at 07.00, specialists at 08.00, third reporters’ shift 09.30. Evening reporters’ shift (freelancers) 18.00-12.30; night shift (one staff reporter on rotation) 00.00-08.00. Any reporter on the road was expected to cover all editions from 05.00 to at least 15.30.

 * It’s possible that I’ve misremembered some of this (eg title of the first edition) but I don’t think so. Splitcane (talk) 15:05, 10 March 2022 (UTC)

 * I remember something along those lines too, but unfortunately "from memory" won't do, we need a reliable source. The information must be available somewhere. -- Alarics (talk) 10:50, 11 March 2022 (UTC)
 * The memory of the "from memory" is that of a reporter & specialist who worked in the newsroom for 14 years, contributing to each of those editions on those deadlines daily. "Not good enough"? I'm curious to know what would be, then. Splitcane (talk) 14:10, 30 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Just to emphasise: you have a reliable source, with detailed & accurate information of the daily operation of the newspaper ie the names & daily publication schedules of all weekday editions, as well as the precise start times of all news reporters' shifts, from the introduction of the early first edition News Extra in 1991 up to 2002. I set these out very clearly in my previous contribution.
 * The information on these matters contained in the published Wikipedia page on the Evening Standard, of which the"reliable source" was very clearly no such thing, but simply ill-informed & ignorant, remains almost entirely inaccurate & wrong. Splitcane (talk) 15:00, 30 July 2023 (UTC)

Accessing archives
Hi everyone. I'm hoping someone who is more familiar with this newspaper can help me. I'm trying to track down an article that appeared in the Evening Standard on June 5, 1997 (It was an interview with Jean Paul Gaultier). I note that the official website lists an archive that appears to go all the way back to January 1997, but clicking on the link for June 5 1997 shows no content for that date (as does many other dates in 1997/1998). Is this archive a work in progress, with older articles being added all the time? I can't imagine any other reason why 1997 is listed in the archives yet all the dates I checked for that year remain blank. Or is there another reason there is no content in older archives? Alternatively, is there somewhere else I can view old articles from this newspaper? A paid site for example? I would be more than happy to pay for this particular article. Anyway thanks in advance for any clarification/help you can provide. Freikorp (talk) 14:18, 10 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I don't think the London Evening Standard has yet been digitised for pre-1998. According to my own notes, 1998 onwards was available at Newsbank (requires local library card) but seems to have disappeared from there, for reasons not explained. Pending further digitisation progress (which is by no means a certainty), it may be that your only recourse is to visit the British Library at St Pancras, which has it on microfilm (shelfmark NRM MLD24). -- Alarics (talk) 14:42, 10 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Many thanks for your prompt reply. It's quite annoying that the archive lists all dates up to the beginning on 1997, yet seems to stop actually having content in 1998. I can only hope that the reason 1997 is listed with no content on their website is because they are planning to add content in the (hopefully not too distant) future :). Cheers. Freikorp (talk) 15:28, 10 July 2014 (UTC)

circulation
I was wondering if someone should update the circulation of the paper considering it is now seeing 800,000+ copies read, 200,000 more than currently stated. Thanks, Fred 00:31 GMT 31/3/15 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 165.120.121.150 (talk) 23:31, 30 March 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Making more prominent the fact that ES is edited by a recently resigned Conservative politician
I have two suggestions as I believe this is a crucial thing for people to know about the newspaper:

1 ---

The London Evening Standard (simply the Evening Standard before May 2009) is a local, free daily newspaper, published Monday to Friday in tabloid format in London.

The London Evening Standard (simply the Evening Standard before May 2009) is a local, free daily newspaper, published Monday to Friday in tabloid format in London. It is currently edited by the former Conservative politician, George Osbourne.

---

2 ---

The newspaper's editor is the former politician, George Osborne

The newspaper's editor is the former Conservative politician, George Osborne.

--195.195.80.209 (talk) 12:22, 12 May 2017 (UTC)Oliver Berman

The Evening Advertorial?
I imagine it will be necessary to add something about the deals with Google, Uber, etc.: https://www.opendemocracy.net/uk/james-cusick/george-osborne-s-london-evening-standard-promises-positive-news-coverage-to-uber-goo.

Plenty of other sources as well. Nomoskedasticity (talk) 11:34, 31 May 2018 (UTC)
 * I have removed the section on the financial sponsorship deal as the only source quoted is a primary source. Lmatt (talk) 23:14, 1 June 2018 (UTC)
 * I have readded the section with more neutral wording and referring to a secondary source. Lmatt (talk) 23:25, 1 June 2018 (UTC)

Requested move 18 September 2018

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Consensus to move, therefore, moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) Dreamy Jazz 🎷 talk to me | my contributions 10:16, 5 October 2018 (UTC)

London Evening Standard → Evening Standard – WP:COMMONNAME. Unreal7 (talk) 19:25, 18 September 2018 (UTC) --Relisting. Dreamy Jazz 🎷 talk to me | my contributions 21:02, 25 September 2018 (UTC)

 * Oppose no evidence presented. And newspaper is headed London Evening Standard. In ictu oculi (talk) 07:27, 19 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose, masthead supports the present name. Randy Kryn (talk) 11:26, 19 September 2018 (UTC)
 * That's out of date, the masthead dropped "London" some months back. Here's yesterday's front page: https://twitter.com/George_Osborne/status/1044568389954473984 Timrollpickering 11:12, 26 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Support The paper has a long history of adding and dropping "London" from the masthead. Currently, contrary to the two oppose !votes above the newspaper is just the Evening Standard. The paper is overwhelmingly known better without "London" in the title. Timrollpickering 11:11, 26 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose In times of war, its the London Evening Standard. It seems to vary with new editor, but its the correct name. scope_creep (talk) 00:10, 27 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Support. The proposed name is the WP:COMMONNAME. Nobody includes "London" when talking about this, and it's the primary topic. — Amakuru (talk) 17:22, 4 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Support per WP:COMMONNAME, nom, and . What the masthead used to say is not a basis for what the title should be then, much less today, given that it's commonly known as the Evening Standard. --В²C ☎ 19:53, 4 October 2018 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

KGB in UK media?

 * https://www.channel4.com/programmes/boris-the-lord-the-russian-spy-dispatches
 * ....0mtwb9gd5wx (talk) 05:09, 29 June 2023 (UTC)

The website
The Website section presently calls it This Is London but going to www.standard.co.uk shows the web pages say 'The Standard' at the top, and I can see no trace of This Is London. Does this simply need updating? I do not know enough of the history to do it myself. FrankSier (talk) 15:36, 30 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Evening Standard


text:
Russian Greek Catholic Church

The Russian Greek Catholic Church or Russian Byzantine Catholic Church is a sui iuris Byzantine Rite Eastern Catholic Church of the worldwide Catholic Church. Historically, it represents a both a movement away from the control of the Church by the State and towards the reunion of the Russian Orthodox Church with the Catholic Church. It is in full communion with and subject to the authority of the Pope of Rome as defined by Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches.

Russian Catholics historically had their own episcopal hierarchy in the Russian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Russia and the Russian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Harbin, China. However, these offices are currently vacant. Their few parishes are served by priests ordained in other Eastern Catholic churches, former Eastern Orthodox priests, and Latin Church Catholic priests with bi-ritual faculties. The Russian Greek Catholic Church is currently led by Bishop Joseph Werth as its ordinary. In a 2019 article for The Catholic Herald, Jon Anderson wrote, "The new frontier among the Eastern Catholic Churches is the Russian Greek Catholic Church, counting around 3,000 members. Even though an exarchate was established in 1917, Soviet repression meant that Eastern Catholics went underground. Their outstanding figure, Mother Catherine Abrikosova, was subjected to a Stalinist show trial and spent more than 10 years in solitary confinement before her death in 1936. The position of Eastern Catholics in Russia – as opposed to that of Poles or Lithuanians in the Latin Church – is still tenuous, with little organisation in place. Their existence remains a flashpoint in Rome’s relations with the Russian Orthodox, who are intensely suspicious of Catholic activity in Russia."

Background
According to Fr. Christopher Lawrence Zugger, the conversion of Kievan Rus in 988 at the orders of the Grand Prince of Kiev St. Vladimir the Great was an entry into a still unified Christendom. It was only over the centuries following the Great Schism in 1054 that anti-Papal and anti-Catholic beliefs grew as a result of the Church in Rus strengthening its alliance with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. In 1441, however, Grand Prince Vasily II of Moscow embraced Caesaropapism by ordering the imprisonment of Isidore of Kiev, the Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus', for attempting to implement the reunion decrees of the Council of Florence, and his replacement by Metropolitan Jonah. It was only then that the Church in Rus' became definitively schismatic and non-Catholic. The schism was further cemented in 1588, when the Metropolitan See of Moscow was raised to a patriarchate by the Ecumenical Patriarch. By this time, the separation had become so complete that both churches accused each other of being heretics.

Out of all Eastern Orthodox Churches, what Max Weber was later to dub Caesaropapism reached its greatest extreme in the Tsardom of Russia, beginning when Ivan IV the Terrible assumed the title Czar in 1547 and gutted the independence of the Russian Orthodox Church from control by the State.

During a speech at the St. Procopius Unionistic Congress in 1959, Fr. John Dvornik explained, "...the attitude of all Orthodox Churches toward the State, especially the Russian Church is dictated by a very old tradition which has its roots in early Christian political philosophy... the Christian Emperor was regarded as the representative of God in the Christian commonwealth, whose duty was to watch not only over the material, but also the spiritual welfare of his Christian subjects. Because of that, his interference in Church affairs was regarded as his duty." This is not so say, however, that State control over the Russian Orthodox Church was always accepted without criticism or opposition.

In defiance of the Tsar's absolute power, St. Philip, the former Starets and Hegumen of the Solovetsky Monastery, located above the Arctic Circle, and Metropolitan bishop of Moscow, preached sermons in Tsar Ivan the Terrible's presence that condemned the indiscriminate use of state terror against real and imagined traitors and their entire families by the Oprichnina. Metropolitan Philip also withheld the traditional blessing from the Tsar during the Divine Liturgy. In response, the Tsar convened a Church Council, whose bishops obediently declared Metropolitan Philip deposed on false charges of moral offenses and imprisoned him in a monastery. When the former Metropolitan refused a request from the Tsar to bless his plans for the 1570 Massacre of Novgorod, Tsar Ivan allegedly sent Malyuta Skuratov to smother the former Bishop inside his cell. Metropolitan Philip was canonized in 1636 and is still commemorated within the Orthodox Church as a, "pillar of orthodoxy, fighter for the truth, shepherd who laid down his life for his flock." Within the Russian Greek Catholic Church, Blessed Leonid Feodorov, the 20th century Exarch of Russia, is known to have had a very deep devotion to Metropolitan St. Philip of Moscow.

Over the centuries that followed, as growing numbers of members of the Eastern Catholic Churches fell under the rule of the House of Romanov as a result of the Khmelnytsky Uprising, the Great Northern War, and the Partitions of Poland, they similarly experienced escalating and brutal religious persecution.

For example, Tsar Peter the Great, whose anti-Catholicism and control over the Russian Church had already caused the martyrdom of Greek Catholic Deacon Peter Artemiev at Solovetsky Monastery on March 30, 1700, was so enraged on 11 July 1705 to see icons of Eastern Catholic Starets, bishop, and martyr St. Josaphat Kuntsevych inside the Basilian monastery church in Polotsk, that the Tsar immediately desecrated the Eucharist and then personally murdered several priests who attempted to retrieve it.

In 1721, the same Tsar and Theophan Prokopovich, as part of their Church reforms, replaced the Patriarch of Moscow with a department of the civil service headed by an Ober-Procurator and called the Most Holy Synod, which oversaw the appointment and deposition of the Church Hierarchy, as a further extension of the Tsar's Government.

Meanwhile, with the grudging exception of the Armenian Catholic Church, the Eastern Catholic Churches were increasingly treated as illegal in the Russian Empire beginning with the forced conversion of the Archeparchy of Polotsk-Vitebsk by Bishop Joseph Semashko between 1837 and 1839 and continuing with the 1874–1875 Conversion of Chelm Eparchy and the martyrdom of 13 unarmed men and boys by the Imperial Russian Army in the village of Pratulin, near Biała Podlaska on January 24, 1874.

It was almost certainly with these events in mind that Leonid Feodorov, the future Greek Catholic Exarch of Russia and Belarus, predicted at Anagni to a fellow Catholic seminarian more than a decade before the fall of the House of Romanov, "Russia will not repent without travelling the Red Sea of the blood of her martyrs and numerous sufferings of her apostles."

Intellectual precursors
The modern Russian Catholic Church owes much to the inspiration of poet and philosopher Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov (1853–1900). Inspired by the writings of Fr. Ivan Gagarin, who had sought to win over the Russian Orthodox Church to reunification with the Holy See without abandoning either the Byzantine Rite or the traditional Old Church Slavonic liturgical language and the Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri, Solovyov argued that, just as the world needed the Tsar as a universal monarch, the Church needed the Pope of Rome as a universal ecclesiastical hierarch. Solovyov further argued, however, that the Russian Orthodox Church, "is only separated from Rome de facto, so that one can profess the totality of Catholic doctrine while continuing to belong to the Russian Orthodox Church."

On August 9, 1894, a Russian Orthodox priest and protegé of Solovyov, Fr. Nicholas Tolstoy, entered into full communion with the Holy See by making profession of faith before Bishop Félix Julien Xavier Jourdain de la Passardière at the Church of St. Louis des Français in Moscow. Under oath, Fr. Nicholas renounced all contrary to Catholic doctrine and accepted both the Council of Florence and the First Vatican Council. At Fr. Nicholas's request, all documents relating to his conversion were conveyed to Pope Leo XIII, who kept them along with a personal archive of papers having, "to do with matters in which the Pope was particularly interested."

The person most responsible for the creation of the Russian Greek Catholic Church, however, was Metropolitan bishop Andrey Sheptytsky of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. According to his biographer Fr. Cyril Korolevsky, Sheptytsky's lifelong obsession with reuniting the Russian people with the Holy See goes back at least to his first trip there in 1887. Afterwards, Sheptytsky "wrote some reflections" between October and November of 1887, and expressed his belief, "that the Great Schism, which became definitive in Russia in the fifteenth century, was a bad tree, and it was useless to keep cutting the branches without uprooting the trunk itself, because the branches would always grow back."

Following his elevation to Metropolitan bishop of Lviv and Halych at the insistence of Emperor Franz Joseph in 1901, Metropolitan Andrey's interest in the Russian people continued. Posing as a Ukrainian lawyer on a pleasure trip, he made a secret visit to the Russian Empire in 1907, which he used as a cover for meeting and attempting to convert senior Russian Orthodox and Old Believer clergy.

History
Tsarist policy of persecuting Eastern Catholics continued unchecked until the Russian Revolution of 1905, when Tsar Nicholas II grudgingly granted religious tolerance. Thereafter, communities of Russian Greek Catholics emerged and became organized. Old Believers were prominent in the early years of the movement.

After the Russian Revolution of 1905, Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky, who was seeking to assume jurisdiction over the growing number of Eastern Catholics in Russia, had two audiences, in 1907 and 1908, with Pope Pius X in which the matter of creating an underground Byzantine Catholic Church in the Russian Empire was discussed at length. After being asked, the Pope confirmed Metropolitan Andrey's belief that he, instead of the local Roman Rite Bishops, already held jurisdiction over all Byzantine Catholics living under Tsarism. In order to spread the Catholic Church in Russia, the Pope also granted Sheptytsky all the authority of an Patriarch of a self-governing Eastern Catholic Church, but without the actual title, over the Russian Empire. In addition to the extremely rare privilege of Communicatio in sacris as a tool of Greek Catholic evangelisation, Sheptytsky was told that he was free to ordain priests and even to consecrate Bishops while reporting only to the Pope himself. Pope Pius advised Sheptytsky, however, to delay using his powers openly until a more opportune time, as otherwise the infamously anti-Catholic Imperial Russian Government would cause an enormous amount of trouble for him.

Soon after, the semi-underground parish of the Russian Greek Catholic Church in St. Petersburg split between the followers of Pro-Latinisation priest Fr. Aleksei Zerchaninov and those of Pro-Orientalist priest Fr. Ivan Deubner. When asked by Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky to make a decision on the dispute, Pope Pius X decreed that Russian Greek Catholic priests should offer the Divine Liturgy Nec Plus, Nec Minus, Nec Aliter ("No more, No Less, No Different") than priests of the Russian Orthodox Church and the Old Believers.

After the outbreak of World War I, the heavily Eastern Catholic Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria in the Austro-Hungarian Empire was occupied by the Imperial Russian Army. Count Georgiy Bobrinsky, an infamously anti-Catholic member of the Tsarist civil service, was appointed as Governor General of a Province which had long been claimed as Russian territory by both extreme and moderate Slavophiles. A policy of anti-Eastern Catholic religious persecution, anti-Jewish pogroms, and forced Russification and both voluntary and forced conversions to Russian Orthodoxy was immediately implemented. Despite his efforts to maintain a purely apolitical stance, Metropolitan Andrey almost immediately became one of the many Habsburg loyalists, Ukrainophile intellectuals, and clergy of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church who were arrested by the Tsarist secret police and deported to Siberia. Despite angry questions being raised about his incarceration by members of the Opposition in the Duma, Sheptytsky spent a total of three years as a prisoner of conscience held by the Russian Orthodox monks at the Monastery of Saint Euthymius in Suzdal.

After the February Revolution of 1917 and the forced abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, the new Russian Provisional Government ordered his release. Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky travelled immediately to St. Petersburg, where he convened an ecclesiastical council under the secret authority granted to him by Pope Pius X in 1907 and 1908. During the Council, the Metropolitan organized the first Apostolic Exarchate for Russian Catholics with Most Reverend Leonid Feodorov, formerly a Russian Orthodox seminarian, as the first Exarch.

On 19 May 1917, Vladimir Abrikosov, who along with his wife Anna Abrikosova, had long been the driving force behind the formerly underground Russian Catholic parish in Moscow, was ordained to the priesthood by Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church. Even though the ordination of married men to the priesthood is allowed by the canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, the Abrikosovs had already taken a vow of chastity in a ritual which the rule of the Dominican Third Order at the time only very rarely permitted to married couples and only after first receiving the approval of "a prudent spiritual director."

On the feast of St. Dominic in August 1917, Anna Abrikosova took vows as a Dominican sister, assuming at that time her religious name in honor of Catherine of Siena, and founded a Greek-Catholic religious congregation of the Order in her Moscow apartment. Several of the women among the secular tertiaries joined her in taking vows as well. Thus was a community of the Dominican Third Order Regular, with Father Vladimir Abrikosov as its chaplain, established in what was soon to be Soviet Russia. Mother Catherine took as her motto in the religious life, "Christ did not come down from the Cross, they took Him down dead."

According to Father Georgii Friedman, Mother Catherine and the Sisters made an unusual choice for a religious community, inspired, it is believed, by the example of the Discalced Carmelite Martyrs of Compiègne during the French Revolution, "In addition to the three usual religious vows, the sisters took a fourth vow, to suffer for the salvation of Russia. God heard their desire, and soon they were to suffer much, for many years."

The October Revolution and Anti-Catholic religious persecution soon followed, dispersing Russian Greek Catholics to Siberia, the Gulag and the Russian diaspora throughout the world.

At the same time, though, conversions continued to take place. In 1918, Fr. Potapy Emelianov, a priest of the Old Ritualist tradition within Russian Orthodoxy, entered into communion with the Holy See along with his entire parish, which was located at Nizhnaya Bogdanovka, near Lugansk, in modern Ukraine.

Meanwhile, Exarch Leonid Feodorov made presentations, participated in discussions with Orthodox clergy, including Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow and Metropolitan Benjamin of Petrograd. At the time, Patriarch Tikhon was faced with the ongoing Soviet-backed Living Church Schism and was determined defend the hard won independence of the Moscow Patriarchate from again being lost to control by the State. For this reason, Patriarch Tikhon was both meeting regularly to discuss possible reunion with both the Exarch and with Father Vladimir Abrikosov. The Patriarch was also urging those Orthodox clergy and laity who remained loyal to him to similarly meet with the Russian Catholics in order to discuss the possible reunion of the Russian Orthodox Church with the Holy See under the terms laid down at the Council of Florence in 1439.

This was why, when Fr. Edmund A. Walsh, the head of the American and Papal relief missions during the Russian famine of 1921, and the Exarch of the Russian Greek Catholic Church first met one another and conversed in Ecclesiastical Latin, Feodorov, who admired Patriarch Tikhon and felt only contempt for the so-called Living Church, urged that the Famine Relief food supplies be entrusted to not only to Catholic clergy, but also to those Russian Orthodox priests who remained loyal to Patriarch Tikhon for distribution to the starving. Fr. Walsh enthusiastically agreed with the Exarch's idea and ensured that it was carried out. In Orenburg alone, his assistant, Fr. Louis J. Gallagher hosted six local Russian Orthodox bishops to his table to organize the delivery of food supplies to the starving.

Meanwhile, according to historian Edward E. Roslof, to a much greater extent than the Rurikid and Romanov Tsars before them, the Soviet State and it's secret police, the GPU, had no intention of tolerating the possible reunion of East and West, and were especially determined to snuff out all efforts to preserve the continued independence of the Russian Orthodox Church from the State's power and control. For this reason, in the spring of 1923, along with multiple codefendants including Archbishop Jan Cieplak and Monsignor Konstanty Budkiewicz, Exarch Leonid Feodorov was prosecuted for counterrevolution and anti-Soviet agitation by Nikolai Krylenko. Feodorov was found guilty and sentenced to ten years in the Soviet concentration camps at Solovki, located above the Arctic Circle in the former Solovetsky Monastery in the White Sea.

During a conversation inside the anti-religious museum at Solovki with fellow Russian Greek Catholic political prisoner Julia Danzas, the Exarch revealed that felt profoundly moved to be incarcerated in the former monastery complex once led by St. Philip of Moscow. The Exarch also reverently kissed both the vestments once used by the former Hegumen and the stone which St. Philip had once used instead of a pillow. The Exarch commented, "On this stone, the Saint had not only radiant visions, but how many bitter tears did he shed!"

When Danzas described her own recent struggles inside the Irkutsk labor camp against spiritual despondency and doubt, the Exarch advised her, "That is well. The Lord will sustain you, but if ever the moment returns when you no longer feel this support, don't be frightened. The Lord's aid is perhaps precisely the most abundant when it seems that He has forsaken us."

During a later conversation, the Exarch confided in Danzas, "The true Messianism of the Russian Church is not what the Slavophiles have imagined, but it is the example of suffering. It is in this way that she shows that she is the continuation of Christ in this world."

Missions also continued among White émigrés in the Russian diaspora. Following her conversion, Hélène Iswolsky regularly attended the Divine Liturgy at the Church of the Holy Trinity, located near the Porte d'Italie in Paris. She later praised the pastor, Mgr. Alexander Evreinov, in her memoirs. Mgr. Alexander, Iswolsky wrote, offered the Byzantine Rite without the liturgical latinisations commonly added in Galicia and, "one might have thought oneself at an Orthodox service, except that prayers were offered for the Pope and our hierarchical head, the Archbishop of Paris." Iswolsky added that the chapel, although humble, "was decorated in the best of taste and according to the strictest Russian religious style; the iconostasis was the work of a Russian painter well-versed in ancient Eastern iconography. The central panel was a faithful copy of Rubleff's Trinity."

In 1928, a second Apostolic Exarchate was set up, for the Russian Greek Catholic refugees in China, based in Manchuria and led by Belarusian missionary priest Fabijan Abrantovich and based from the now ruined St. Vladimir's Cathedral in Harbin; the Russian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Harbin. Exarch Fabijan was arrested, however, by the NKVD after a visit to his family in the Second Polish Republic was interrupted by the beginning of the Second World War. After Exarch Fabijan was martyred in the Gulag, the Harbin Exarchate fell under the Omophorion of Exarchs Vendelín Javorka and Andrzej Cikoto, who both ultimately faced highly similar fates to Exarch Fabijan.

The Collegium Russicum, which was founded on August 15, 1929 by Pope Pius XI, was intended to train Russian Greek Catholic priests to serve as missionaries in the growing Russian diaspora of anti-communist political refugees and, despite the anti-religious persecution taking place in the Soviet Union, in that very country. The money for the college building and its reconstruction was taken from an aggregate of charity donations from faithful all over the world on the occasion of the canonization of St. Thérèse of Lisieux and the Pope chose to place the Russicum under her patronage. The Russicum faculty included the prominent Russian Symbolist poet, literary scholar, and Catholic convert Vyacheslav Ivanov.

Meanwhile, Russian Orthodox Archbishop Bartholomew Remov had at first supported the Deputy Patriarchal Locum Tenens Metropolitan Metropolitan Sergei's 1927 declaration of loyalty to the Soviet State. According to recent historian Irina Osipova, however, Metropolitan Bartholomew, "could not accept the harsh policy which Sergei adopted after the schism that divided the clergy in two camps. Bartholomew was disturbed by threats to visit punishment on every 'insubordinate' priest and by the mass arrests and sentencing of these recalcitrants."

In 1932, Bartholomew Remov was secretly received into the Russian Greek Catholic Church by underground Latin Bishop Pie Eugène Neveu. After Remov's conversion became known to Joseph Stalin's NKVD, the Archbishop was arrested on 21 February 1935 and was accused of being, "a member of the Catholic group of a counterrevolutionary organization attached to the illegal Petrovsky Monastery" and of anti-Soviet agitation.

Exarch Leonid Feodorov died on 14 March 1935 at Viatka, Russia, where he had been assigned to live in internal exile following his release from the Gulag.

On June 17, 1935, a closed session of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union sentenced Archbishop Bartholomew Remov, "to the supreme penalty, death by shooting, with confiscation of property. The sentence is final and no appeal is allowed." Metropolitan Bartholomew Remov was executed soon after.

Mother Catherine Abrikosova died of spinal cancer based in the sacral bone in Butyrka prison on 23 July 1936. Similarly to Metropolitan Bartholomew Remov, her remains were secretly cremated at buried in a Mass grave at the Donskoy Cemetery of central Moscow.

Following the outbreak of the Second World War, several Greek Catholic Jesuit priests who had graduated from the Russicum in Rome, including Frs. Walter Ciszek, Pietro Leoni, Ján Kellner, Viktor Novikov, and Jerzy Moskwa, used the ensuing chaos as a means of entering the U.S.S.R. incognito with the intention of running clandestine apostolates there. All were captured almost immediately, having been betrayed by Alexander Kurtna, a convert from Estonian Orthodoxy, former Russicum seminarian, and NKVD mole, who worked between 1940 and 1944 as a lay translator for the Vatican's Congregation for the Eastern Churches. Ironically, Kurtna and Fr. Walter Ciszek, who had been friend at the Russicum, met once again in 1948 as fellow political prisoners in the Norillag labor camp region of the Soviet Gulag.

Meanwhile, because of the rigorous training and spiritual formation that Anna Abrikosova had given to the surviving sisters of her convent and the converts they made in secret over the decades following their arrests, the Russian Greek Catholic Church continued to exist on Soviet soil among both the sisters and the laity, even when there were no longer any Russian Catholic priests left to administer the Sacraments. This continued until 1979, when the surviving Sisters arranged for Soviet Jewish convert and former Jazz saxophonist Georgii Davidovich Friedmann to be secretly and illegally ordained by a Bishop of the underground Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the surviving Russian Greek Catholics, many of whom were directly connected to the Greek Catholic community of Dominican Sisters founded in August 1917 by Mother Catherine Abrikosova, began to appear in the open. At the same time, the martyrology of the Russian Greek Catholic Church began to be investigated.

In 2001, Exarch Leonid Feodorov was beatified during a Byzantine Rite Divine Liturgy offered in Lviv by Pope John Paul II.

In 2003, a positio towards the Causes for Beatification of six of what Fr. Christopher Zugger has termed, "The Passion bearers of the Russian Catholic Exarchate": Fabijan Abrantovich, Anna Abrikosova, Igor Akulov, Potapy Emelianov, Halina Jętkiewicz, and Andrzej Cikoto; was submitted to the Holy See's Congregation for the Causes of Saints by the Bishops of the Catholic Church in Russia.

With the religious freedom experienced after the fall of Communism, there were calls from Russian Greek Catholic clergy and laity to for a new Exarch to the long existing vacancy. Such a move would have been strongly objected to by the Russian Orthodox Church, which caused Cardinal Walter Kasper to repeatedly persuade Pope John Paul II to refuse out of concern for damaging ecumenism. For the same reason, Cardinal Kasper repeatedly told Russian Catholics to their faces to either switch to the Latin Church or convert to Orthodoxy. In 2004, however, the Vatican's hand was forced when a convocation of Russian Greek Catholic priests met in Sargatskoye, Omsk Oblast and used their rights under canon law to elect Father Sergey Golovanov as temporary Exarch. The Pope then moved quickly to replace Father Sergey with Bishop Joseph Werth, the Latin Church Apostolic Administrator of Siberia, based in Novosibirsk. Bishop Werth was appointed by Pope John Paul II as ordinary for all non-Armenian Catholic Church Eastern Catholics in the Russian Federation. By 2010, five parishes had been registered with civil authorities in Siberia, while in Moscow two parishes and a pastoral center operate without official registration. There are also communities in Saint Petersburg and Obninsk.

In the Russian diaspora, there are Russian Catholic parishes and faith communities in San Francisco, New York City, El Segundo, Denver, Melbourne, Buenos Aires, Dublin, Paris, Chevetogne, Lyon, Munich, Rome, Milan, and Singapore. Many are all under the jurisdiction of the respective local Latin Church bishops. The communities in Denver, Dublin, and Singapore do not have a Russian national character but exist for local Catholics who wish to worship in the Russo-Byzantine style. The community in Denver is currently under the jurisdiction of the Ruthenian Eparchy of Phoenix.

In a 2005 article, Russian Catholic priest Fr. Sergei Golovanov stated that three Russian Greek Catholic priests served on Russian soil celebrating the Russian Byzantine Divine Liturgy. Two of them used the recension of the Russian Liturgy as reformed by Patriarch Nikon of Moscow in 1666. The other priest used the medieval rite of the Old Believers, that is to say, as the Russian liturgical recension existed before Patriarch Nikon's reforms of the Russian Liturgy. All Eastern Catholics in the Russian Federation strictly maintain the use of Church Slavonic, although vernacular Liturgies are more common in the Russian diaspora.

As of 2014, the two Exarchates of Russia and Harbin are still listed in the Annuario Pontificio as extant, but they have not yet been reconstituted, nor have new Russian-Rite bishops been appointed to head them.

By 2018, there have been reports of 13 parishes and five pastoral points in Siberia with seven parishes and three pastoral points in European Russia. Some parishes serve the Ukrainians in Russia. The Ordinariate has minimal structure. A Byzantine Catholic mitered archpriest serves as Secretary to the Ordinary. There is a priest coordinator for the parishes in Siberia and a liturgical commission and a catechetical commission.

 * 1997 – 2004 Protopresbyter Sergey Golovanov
 * 2004 – Present Bishop Joseph Werth (temporary)

Apostolic Exarchate of Russia
It has been vacant since 1951, having had only two incumbents, both belonging to the Ukrainian Studite Monks (M.S.U., a Byzantine Rite Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church monastic order):
 * Blessed Leontiy Leonid Feodorov, M.S.U. (1917.05.28 – 1935.03.07)
 * Blessed Klymentiy Sheptytsky, M.S.U. (1939.09.17 – 1951.05.01); also first Hegumen of Ukrainian Studite Monks (1919 – 1944.11), then Archimandrite of Ukrainian Studite Monks (1944.11 – 1951.05.01)

In popular culture

 * Soviet dissident Alexander Solzhenitsyn interviewed surviving Russian Greek-Catholic Dominican sister Nora Rubashova in Moscow during his research process. For this reason, Mother Catherine Abrikosova and the persecution of her monastic community and of their fellow Russian Catholics by the Soviet Government are mentioned by Solzhenitsyn in the first volume of his 1973 non-fictional expose The Gulag Archipelago.
 * The opening scene of the 1980 romantic comedy The Black Marble was filmed inside St. Andrew's Russian Greek Catholic Church in El Segundo, California.

title: Russian Greek Catholic Church


text:
Karen Matheson

Karen Matheson OBE (born 11 February 1963) is a Scottish folk singer who frequently sings in Gaelic. She is the lead singer of the group Capercaillie and was a member of Dan Ar Braz's group L'Héritage des Celtes, with whom she often sang lead vocals, either alone or with Elaine Morgan. She and Morgan sang together on the Breton language song "Diwanit Bugale", the French entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1996. She made a cameo appearance in the 1995 movie Rob Roy singing the song "Ailein duinn".

Biography
She grew up in the small village of Taynuilt in the region of Argyll, western Scotland. She was appointed an OBE in the 2006 New Year's honours list. Matheson also appeared as a guest musician on Spirit of the West's 1997 album Weights and Measures. Matheson performed a solo in Secret Garden's song "Prayer" in the 1999 album Dawn of a New Century. She is married to fellow Capercaillie member Donald Shaw, and they have a son.

On 2 February 2010, Matheson made an appearance on Celtic Woman 4, then on 16 October 2015, Karen Matheson released her fourth solo album, Urram, on Vertical Records. In support of the new album, Karen Matheson planned 7 shows in Scotland in December 2015 and January 2016, one show in January in Dublin, Ireland and 5 shows in the UK in February 2016 (as part of the Transatlantic Sessions).

On her official web site, Karen Matheson announced in March 2016 that she would embark on an 11-date Spring 2016 UK tour, visiting mainly Scotland, starting on 15 April 2016 in Perth, Scotland and ending on 18 June 2016 in Kirkcaldy, Scotland. .

Karen Matheson announced on 1 July 2016 that she would perform one show on 19 July 2016 at Ionad Cois Locha, Dún Lúiche, Ireland, together with long-time friends and music partners Donald Shaw and Manus Lunny (both from Capercaillie), during the Trad Trathnona ("Trad Afternoon"), County Donegal's Summer of traditional Sessions (to occur each Tuesday in July & August).

After performing two shows on 26 & 28 August 2016 at the Shrewsbury Folk Festival, Karen Matheson would embark on a 9-date Autumn 2016 UK tour due to start on 15 September at the Beacon Arts Centre in Greenock, UK and to end on 29 September at Bush Hall in London, UK.

On 12 February 2021, Karen Matheson released her fifth solo album.

On 12 September 2022, Karen Matheson sang a Gaelic psalm at the Service of Thanksgiving for the late Queen Elizabeth II, at St. Giles Cathedral in Edinburgh, which was attended by HM King Charles III and other members of the Royal Family. The Queen’s coffin lay in state at the cathedral during the service and until 5pm the following day.

Solo discography

 * The Dreaming Sea (1996)
 * Time to Fall (2002)
 * Downriver (2005)
 * Urram (2015)
 * Still Time (2021)

title: Karen Matheson


text: User talk:68.78.15.99

title: User talk:68.78.15.99