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Prince's Trust

The Prince's Trust (Ymddiriedolaeth y Tywysog) is a United Kingdom-based charity founded in 1976 by King Charles III (then Prince of Wales) to help vulnerable young people get their lives on track. It supports 11-to-30-year-olds who are unemployed or struggling at school and at risk of exclusion. Many of the young people helped by the trust face issues such as homelessness, disability, mental health problems, or trouble with the law.

It runs a range of training programmes, providing practical and financial support to build young people's confidence and motivation. Each year they work with about 60,000 young people, with three in four moving on to employment, education, volunteering, or training.

In 1999, the numerous trust charities were brought together as the Prince's Trust and acknowledged by Queen Elizabeth II at a ceremony in Buckingham Palace where she granted it a royal charter. The following year it devolved in Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and other English regions but overall control remained in London. The Prince's Trust fundraising and campaign events are often hosted by and feature entertainers from around the world.

The Prince's Trust is one of the most successful funding organisations in the UK and is the UK's leading youth charity, having helped over 1,000,000 young people turn their lives around, created 125,000 entrepreneurs, and given business support to 395,000 people in the UK. From 2006 to 2016, its work for the youth has been worth an estimated £1.4 billion.

In 2019, the Prince's Trust signed a partnership with the Department of Health and Social Care to support 10,000 young people (16-to-30-year-olds) into health and social care jobs. This initiative aims to future-proof the sector, provide employment opportunities to young people, and support the department's "widening participation" goals, increasing the diversity of its workforce.

Purpose
The trust has its primary objective defined in its royal charter as follows:

"To promote by all charitable means the mental, spiritual, moral and physical development and improvement of young people, and to provide opportunities for them to develop to their full capacities and enable them to become responsible members of society so that their conditions of life may be improved."

Target groups
The Prince's Trust aims to work with young people aged 11 to 30. The goal is to assist them in moving into work, education, or training.

Governance
Charles III founded The Prince's Trust and is now its president, a figurehead position with no legal responsibility. The Prince's Trust Council are the trustees of the charity and are legally responsible for management, administration and deciding policy.

John Booth was announced as the chairman of The Prince's Trust Council in July 2018 and Sir Lloyd Dorfman CBE, who previously held this position, became the chairman of Prince's Trust International.

Nick Stace, the former chief executive of The Trust, joined in October 2017, replacing Dame Martina Milburn DCVO CBE who was a member of the board and group chief executive for The Prince's Trust. At the end of 2019, Jonathan Townsend took over as interim CEO – a position made permanent in spring 2020.

On 10 November 2023 it was announced The Prince's Trust, and all Prince's Trust charities globally, intend to become The King's Trust. The change enables the group of charities to retain proximity to their Founder, His Majesty The King, and reflects his passion for the charity's mission to help young people into work, education and training.

Staff
In 2019 the Prince's Trust employed 1241 people, including 1106 people who worked in charitable purposes and support, and 235 in fundraising. The cost of employing these staff is £38 million a year and is the organisation's single biggest expenditure.

Martina Milburn, former chief executive of the Prince's Trust Group (covering the UK, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United States and International), who joined The Trust in 2004 and was appointed group chief executive in 2017, stepped down from this role in September 2022. Previously she worked as the chief executive of BBC Children in Need.

Jonathan Townsend was formally appointed chief executive officer of Prince's Trust UK in April 2020, following an interim period. He was previously the CEO of Prince's Trust International.

Will Straw CBE was appointed chief executive officer of Prince's Trust International in summer 2020.

Ambassadors
The Prince's Trust consist of different kinds of Ambassadors:

The first are young ambassadors, these are young leaders who are volunteers and support the Prince's Trust in different ways including motivating other young people and winning contributors and the media about the work the Prince's Trust do.

The second are job ambassadors. This group has taken part in a Prince's Trust programme and have graduated from being a Young Ambassador. They are then employed by the Prince's Trust and work to inspire, motive and assist the young people in fulfilling the programmes they enrol in.

Lastly, there are celebrity ambassadors who help raise awareness of the work that is done by the Prince's Trust in young people's lives. Celebrity ambassadors also involve themselves by visiting the young people during courses and programmes, host and help fundraising events and additionally start and support campaigns for the Prince's Trust. Current Celebrity Ambassadors include: Phil Collins, Gary Lineker, Jeremy Irons, Tom Hardy, Geri Halliwell, Benedict Cumberbatch, Justin Packshaw, Idris Elba, Gemma Arterton and Sharon Osbourne.

In 2017, the Prince's Trust recruited Tom Fletcher and Giovanna Fletcher as the charity's first Digital Celebrity Ambassadors, following the great support they had given following their attendance at our Celebrate Success Awards.

In May 2023, Phillip Schofield was removed as an ambassador as the charity said it was "no longer appropriate" for it to work with the former television presenter due to his affair with a younger employee.

Subsidiaries
The trust has five charitable subsidiaries, each of which has its own board of trustees: Prince's Trust International, Prince's Trust Australia, Prince's Trust Canada, Prince's Trust New Zealand, and Prince's Trust America.

In 2019, Prince's Trust International also operated in Barbados, Greece, India, Jamaica, Jordan, Malta and Pakistan.

The trust also has one non-charitable subsidiary, Prince's Trust Trading Limited, which is responsible for the trust's commercial activities.

The Prince's Trust Group
The Prince's Trust Group's mission is to transform lives and build sustainable communities across the world. Together, the group of Prince's Trust charities will support around 90,000 people during 2019–20.

Established in 2018, the Prince's Trust Group includes the work of The Prince's Trust in the UK alongside a group of charities including: Prince's Trust International, Prince's Trust Australia, Prince's Trust New Zealand, Prince's Trust Canada and most recently Prince's Trust USA. Through the Prince's Trust Group young people are supported to access education, employment and self-employment in Australia, Barbados, Canada, Greece, India, Jordan, Malta, New Zealand and Pakistan. During 2019–20, Prince's Trust Group started supporting young people in Ghana, Kenya, Rwanda, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, and Malaysia. Similar projects were later launched in Uganda, Tanzania, and Nigeria.

The Aga Khan is the Global Founding Patron of the Prince's Trust Group. American singer and songwriter, Lionel Richie, is the founding Global Ambassador and Chairman of the Global Ambassador Group.

Finances
In 2009–10 the Prince's Trust charity, and its trading subsidiary, Prince's Trust Trading Ltd, had a total income of nearly £36 million, and expenditure of £38 million. Facing the impact of the economic climate and a decline in funding it drew on its reserves, which stand at £22 million, representing roughly six months operating costs. The Prince's Trust is one of the 100 largest charities in the UK ranked by expenditure.

Income
Voluntary income represented the largest source of funding for the organisation, totalling £18 million in 2009–10 (representing a very small increase on 2008–09. Public Sector income (contracts and grants to deliver support to young people from statutory bodies) fell from £17 million to just under £14 million. The cost of raising the voluntary income was £5.5 million, which means that for every £1 donated, 70p was spent on charitable activities.

For the past ten years, its work is reported to be worth an estimated £1.4billion.

Generating income
The Prince's Trust obtains money from two main sources. Firstly, there is the income received as a result of the charitable activities it undertakes, and secondly it raises voluntary income. 87p in every £1 donated to the Prince's Trust is spent on charitable activities.

Income from charitable activities
This totalled nearly £16 million in 2007/8 and was mostly contract payments for courses, training, mentoring and other services. Of the £16 million, nearly £2 million came from local and national government, over £9 million from other public sector sources, nearly £4 million from the European Union and £753,000 from the Community Fund.

The "other" public sector sources included:

Regional Dev. Agencies (One North East) £775,000 East Midlands Development Agency £730,000 The Big Lottery Fund £660,000 Department for Education & Skills £158,000

It is unclear how much money in total came from the European Union (EU), as although some money (£4 million) is declared as coming directly, other money can be channelled indirectly through other organisations. Previously much of the EU money for the Prince's Trust came from the European Social Fund (ESF) and could only be spent to help young people who are Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET). Some of the ESF money went directly to the Prince's Trust (£816,000 2006/7), but mostly it went to the Learning and Skills Council (LSC) who "doubled it up" with government money that then had the same restrictions placed on it. Some LSC money was given directly to the Prince's Trust (£1.3 million 2006/7) but the majority went to the regional LSC offices who took out contracts with the regional Prince's Trust offices to provide services for unemployed young people. The ESF money was channelled through so many routes it is difficult to determine how much it amounted to, but in 2006 the funding provided by the LSC to the Prince's Trust in total came to approximately £11 million, although clearly these figures have decreased somewhat in recent years.

Voluntary income
The voluntary income raised in 2007-8 was more than £20 million, consisting of £5.2 million from charitable trusts, £4.7 million in corporate donations, £4.5 in individual donations and £2.1 million donations in kind.

Individual donations
Leadership Groups are an important part of the trust's fundraising from individuals. These groups are made up of successful (i.e. rich) individuals within certain business sectors, such as the Technology and Construction sectors. The aim with these groups is that the individuals not only give donations, but also that they encourage employee donations and volunteering from within their organisations.

Fundraising events
The trust still has some fundraising events, including a Rock Gala that aired on 25 December 2010 on DirecTV. In 2012, the Prince's Trust was one of the main beneficiaries of Bob Finch and Michael Holland's Oil Aid.

Expenditure
The Prince's Trust expenditure of £38.2 million was made up of £30 million spent on charitable activities with the rest being spent on administration and other costs. The £30 million spent on charitable activities was divided between the different programme areas such as the Team programme and the Enterprise programme. £1.2 million went on grants to young people and institutions.

Charitable activities
The Prince's Trust has seven main types of charitable activity.
 * The Enterprise programme helps young people start a business.
 * The Team Programme is a 12-week personal development course, offering work experience, practical skills, community projects and a residential week.
 * Get intos are short courses offering training and experience in a specific sector to help young people get a job.
 * Get Starteds are short courses that give people the chance to take part in a week of activities to grow their confidence and skills.
 * Fairbridge offers a mix of group activities and one-to-one support for young people.
 * Development Awards are small monetary grants given to young people to help them get some training, education or a job.
 * Achieve clubs are held in schools, or through the Trust's centres for those outside of education.
 * Mosaic runs programmes in primary and secondary schools to link young people with role models to boost their confidence.

Enterprise programme
The Enterprise programme is the offer for which the Prince's Trust is best known for. Helping young people to become their own boss by starting a business, 18 to 30-year-olds are given practical, mentoring and financial support of up to £5,000.

As part of the programme, each young person is appointed a business mentor who provide one-to-one support for up to two years to develop and grow their business, acting as a sounding board to share thoughts and concerns, as well as empowering them to make their own decisions.

The Prince's Trust has helped 86,845 young people to set up in business since 1983.

The Prince's Trust offers Enterprise Online, to enable 18 to 30-year-olds to explore becoming their own boss, learning at their own pace with dedicated support along the way. From developing quick pitches to get investors interested in your business to marketing strategy advice to bring in sales, it has everything young people need – including access to mentors to help them achieve their goals.

Team programme
Team is a 12-week personal development programme which gives young people that are NEET (not in education, employment or training) and aged 16–25 the chance to gain new skills, complete a qualification and meet new people through team-building activities, a residential trip, community project and work placement. The course is usually run by a local organisation known as the delivery partner.

205,063 young people have participated in the 12-week Team programme since its launch in 1990.

The people going on Team are usually unemployed, and if they are receiving Jobseekers' Allowance and other benefits they are still able to receive these whilst on the course. People going on the course also get their travel expenses and other costs paid. Some people in employment also go on part of a course but their employer has to pay a course fee of £1,250 to the Prince's Trust. The Prince's Trust employs fundraisers with "proven sales experience" to persuade employers to pay for their employees to go on the Prince's Trust Team Course. In 2006/7 the Prince's Trust received nearly £687,000 from employer's fees for Team courses.

As part of the programme participants go on a trip to an outbound activity centre where they focus on communication, teamwork and confidence building. Later in the programme they work on their Maths and English skills, and give back to their local community by volunteering, raising awareness and fundraising for causes that matter to them. Participants also complete a two-week work experience placement.

Get into
Get intos are short courses that give young people experience and training in a specific sector, to allow them to gain employability skills to move into work. Focus industries include retail, rail, construction, logistics and hospitality.

In 2017, The Prince's Trust launched Employability Online, to enable 18 to 30-year-olds to gain the essential skills they need to secure the job they want. From understanding what job is right for you to tips on making your CV stand out, it has everything young people need – including access to e-mentors to help them achieve their goals.

Get Started
Get Started s are short courses that give young people the chance to take part in a week of activities that allow them to develop skills with help from industry experts. Working with partners including the Premier League, ASOS and Sony, they work towards a group challenge while developing skills and confidence.

Fairbridge
The Fairbridge programme offered group activities and one-to-one support for young people to develop skills and confidence. It started with a five-day Access course delivered from one of The Trust's 10 centres across the UK, and included a residential trip.

Once the Access course was complete, young people could choose from a range of activities, from sports to drama and photography to cooking, to help them reach their goals.

In 2016, L'Oréal Paris partnered with the Prince's Trust to develop a confidence training course for the Fairbridge programme, covering relationships, body language and employability.

As the Prince's Trust took over Fairbridge in 2012, it became liable for claims brought forward by individuals who were sent by the programme's previous iteration between 1909 and 1980 to "farm schools" in Australia and Canada for "opportunity and education" and then suffered cruelty, mistreatment and sexual abuse. In November, the High Court of Justice determined that each claimant could be entitled to £204,000, but the Prince's Trust announced in 2023 that it would pay the 328 survivors £1,000-£2,000 each because it had set aside "insufficient moneys" for the claims. The sum set aside has not been announced, but is thought to be £1.275 million. The incident resulted in the Old Fairbridgians Association, which represents the survivors, writing to the King and asking him to intervene. The trust had formally apologised to the survivors in 2018 and set up a mechanism to manage compensation in 2020.

Achieve programme
The Prince's Trust education programme, Achieve (formerly known as xl clubs) provides young people at risk of underachieving and exclusion the chance to try new activities to boost their confidence, while gaining a recognised qualification.

Delivered in schools, youth centres, pupil referral units, youth offender institutions and Prince's Trust centres, the course allows young people to explore personal and social development; life skills; active citizenship; enterprise; and skills to prepare them for work.

In 2006/7 the Prince's Trust spent £4 million on the xl programme and of this £298,000 consisted of grants to clubs, £1.26 million was spent on Prince's Trust staff costs and £2.3 million on other direct costs and support costs.

Development Awards
The Prince's Trust Development Awards remove young people's financial barriers to enable them to take the next step into work, education or training. Covering course fees, transport or equipment, eligible young people can receive up to £500.

Mosaic Mentoring
Mosaic moved into the Prince's Trust in April 2016. Its programmes – which run in primary and secondary schools and prisons and include an Enterprise challenge competition – aim to bridge the aspirations-attainment gap by linking young people with inspirational role models and helping boost their confidence, self-efficacy and long-term employability.

Future Leaders
The Future Leaders programme gives young people the foundations of leadership and teamwork. The programme was launched by Prince's Trust Goodwill Ambassador Gareth Southgate in May 2019.

Get Hired
Get Hired is a monthly recruitment event run by The Trust. At each event, up to 20 employers with live entry-level vacancies do ten-minute interviews with candidates.

The Jason Kanabus Fund
The Jason Kanabus Fund was created from the £2.5 million left to the Prince's Trust by Jason Kanabus, a young farmer in Sussex who died from cancer in July 2006. He left his money to the Prince's Trust, with the request that the income was used to help young people become established in farming.

Awards
The Prince's Trust celebrates the achievements of young people each year through its Prince's Trust Awards (formerly known as Celebrate Success Awards).

Sponsored by TK Maxx and HomeSense, these series of awards events are an opportunity to pay tribute to the bravery, determination and sheer hard work that the young people demonstrate. The process begins each summer when staff, volunteers, partners and supporters nominate the exceptional young people they've met. In each of the regions and countries, judging panels select finalists in seven award categories.

Throughout the autumn The Trust holds 11 Oscar-style regional award ceremonies across the country before hosting a national final in London where the red carpet is rolled out.

Hosted by Ant and Dec and attended by a range of celebrity ambassadors, including Thierry Henry, Gemma Arterton and Emilia Fox, it recognises the Young Achiever of the Year, Young Ambassador of the Year and many more. And since 2022, it airs on ITV

Impact in the United Kingdom and beyond
Since establishing in 1976, The Prince's Trust has helped over 1,000,000 young people turn their lives around in the UK through money and advice from the charity and returned through in the last 10 years alone. Additionally, The Prince's Trust has helped more than 90,000 young people to set up in business since 1983. The outcome of the fund's activities has been studied by many groups. A study by Meager et al in 2006 found "'no statistical evidence that supported entry to self-employment has an impact on participants' subsequent 'employability'. After controlling for other factors, those who leave the programme are no more likely than those in the comparison group to be in employment, and if in employment their earnings are no higher than those in the comparison group.'"

Collaboration with artists
The Prince's Trust has worked with artists such as:
 * 1982: Status Quo, Jethro Tull, Madness, Pete Townshend, Phil Collins, Robert Plant, Kate Bush, Midge Ure, Mick Karn, Gary Brooker
 * 1985: Dire Straits
 * 1986: Big Country, David Bowie, Mick Jagger, Elton John, Eric Clapton, Howard Jones, Joan Armatrading, Level 42, Mark Knopfler, Midge Ure, Paul McCartney, Paul Young, Phil Collins, Rod Stewart, Suzanne Vega, Tina Turner, Sting, Ray Cooper
 * 1987: Alison Moyet, Ben E. King, Bryan Adams, Curiosity Killed the Cat, Elton John, Eric Clapton, George Harrison, Go West, Labi Siffre, Level 42, Midge Ure, Phil Collins, Ringo Starr, Tony Hadley, Jeff Lynne, Ray Cooper
 * 1988: Bee Gees, Black, Elton John, Eric Clapton, Howard Jones, Joe Cocker, Leonard Cohen, Mark Knopfler, Midge Ure, Peter Gabriel, Phil Collins, Rick Astley, T'Pau, Wet Wet Wet, Brian May
 * 1989: Joan Baez, Andy Bell, Beverley Brown, City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, Will Downing, John Farnham, Tony Hadley, Nigel Kennedy, Nichola Kerr, Level 42, Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Mike + The Mechanics, Van Morrison, Anne Nightingale, Alexander O'Neal, Mica Paris, Dashiell Rae, Swing Out Sister
 * 1990: Wet Wet Wet, Big Country, Roachford, Lenny Kravitz, And Why Not, Moody Blues, Pasadenas, The Chimes, Oleta Adams, Taylor Dayne, Chaka Khan, Lisa Stansfield
 * 2004: Trevor Horn, The Buggles, Grace Jones, ABC, Yes, Pet Shop Boys, Seal, Frankie Goes to Hollywood
 * 2014: Beyoncé
 * 2017: Cheryl Cole
 * 2018: Muse

title: Prince's Trust


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Huxley family

The Huxley family is a British family; several of its members have excelled in science, medicine, arts and literature. The family also includes members who occupied senior positions in the public service of the United Kingdom.

The patriarch of the family was the zoologist and comparative anatomist Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895). His grandsons include Aldous Huxley (author of Brave New World and The Doors of Perception) and his brother Julian Huxley (an evolutionary biologist and the first director of UNESCO) and the Nobel laureate physiologist Andrew Huxley.

Thomas Henry Huxley

Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895) was an English biologist known as "Darwin's Bulldog" for his defence of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. Mostly a self-educated man, he had an extraordinary influence on the British educated public. He was instrumental in developing scientific education in Britain, and opposed those Christian leaders who tried to stifle scientific debate. He was a member of eight Royal Commissions and two other commissions. A noted unbeliever, he used the term "agnostic" to describe his attitude to theism.

Though Huxley was a great comparative anatomist and invertebrate zoologist, perhaps his most notable scientific achievement was his work on human evolution. Starting in 1858, Huxley gave lectures and published papers which analysed the zoological position of man. The best were collected in a landmark work: Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature (1863). This contained two themes: first, humans are related to the great apes, and second, the species has evolved in a similar manner to all other forms of life. These were ideas which the careful and cautious Darwin had only hinted at in The Origin of Species, but with which Huxley was in full agreement.

In 1855, he married Henrietta Anne Heathorn (1825–1915), an English émigrée whom he had met in Sydney. They had five daughters and three sons:

 * Noel Huxley (1856–1860), died aged 4.
 * Jessie Oriana Huxley (1858–1927), married architect Fred Waller in 1877.
 * Marian Huxley (1859–1887) married artist John Collier in 1879.
 * Leonard Huxley (1860–1933), married Julia Arnold.
 * Rachel Huxley (1862–1934) married civil engineer Alfred Eckersley in 1884.

 * Henrietta (Nettie) Huxley (1863–1940), married Harold Roller, travelled Europe as a singer.
 * Henry Huxley (1865–1946), became a fashionable general practitioner in London.
 * Ethel Huxley (1866–1941) married artist John Collier (widower of sister) in 1889.

John Collier (son-in-law)

John Collier was not a Huxley by birth, but by marriage twice over: both his wives were daughters of Thomas Henry Huxley. The Honourable John Maler Collier OBE RP ROI (27 January 1850 – 11 April 1934) was a writer and painter in the Pre-Raphaelite style. He was one of the leading portrait painters of his generation. The National Portrait Gallery's collection of his portraiture is weak, but in 2007 it bought his first wife's portrait of him painting her.

Collier's views on religion and ethics are interesting for their comparison with the views of Thomas Henry Huxley and Julian Huxley, both of whom gave Romanes lectures on that subject. In The religion of an artist (1926) Collier explains "It [the book] is mostly concerned with ethics apart from religion... I am looking forward to a time when ethics will have taken the place of religion... My religion is really negative. [The benefits of religion] can be attained by other means which are less conducive to strife and which put less strain upon the reasoning faculties". On secular morality: "My standard is frankly utilitarian. As far as morality is intuitive, I think it may be reduced to an inherent impulse of kindliness towards our fellow citizens". On the idea of God: "People may claim without much exaggeration that the belief in God is universal. They omit to add that superstition, often of the most degraded kind, is just as universal". And "An omnipotent Deity who sentences even the vilest of his creatures to eternal torture is infinitely more cruel than the cruellest man". And on the Church: "To me, as to most Englishmen, the triumph of Roman Catholicism would mean an unspeakable disaster to the cause of civilization". His views, then, were very close to the agnosticism of Thomas Henry Huxley and the humanism of Julian Huxley.

Collier and his first wife Marian (Mady) had one child, Joyce, a portrait miniaturist. She married twice, first to Leslie Crawshay-Williams, whose family were South Wales ironmasters. They had two children, Rupert Crawshay-Williams and Gillian. Joyce next married Drysdale Kilburn; they had a son, Nicholas Kilburn.

By his second wife Ethel he had a daughter and a son, Sir Laurence Collier, (1890–1976), British Ambassador to Norway 1939–1950. In later life Ethel became known as The Dragon, and then The Grand-Dragon to her grandchildren. She vetted all the family marriages; inspecting Elizabeth Powell for prospective marriage to Rupert Crawshay-Williams (her stepdaughter's son) she said "You are marrying into one of the great atheist families; I know you are an atheist now, but will you be able to keep it up until you die?". The bridegroom started working for Gramophone Records, but became a philosopher and writer. He was the author of The Comforts of Unreason (1947); Methods and Criteria of Reasoning (1957) and Russell Remembered (1970); a homage to Bertrand Russell.

Ethel's daughter Joan married Captain (later General) Frank Anstie Buzzard. They had three children: John Huxley Buzzard, Richard Buzzard, and Pamela.

Collier's portraits of the family and others
Collier painted numerous portraits of members of the family. He painted both his wives, Marian (Mady) and Ethel; his children; both Thomas Henry Huxley and his wife; and many of the next two generations. A biographer reports a total of thirty-two Huxley family portraits during the half-century after his marriage to Mady. His favourite sitter was his eldest daughter Joyce, of whom six portraits are recorded. Second wife Ethel sat for four portraits; their children, Joan and Laurence, the Buzzard children, Laurence's wife Eleanor, and several of their children were also portrayed. Many of Huxley's children and some of his grandchildren were portrayed: Leonard Huxley, Julian and Juliette Huxley, Aldous Huxley; Henry (Harry) Huxley and his wife, and son Gervas; Henrietta (Nettie) Huxley; and there are others.

Many scientific friends and supporters of Huxley sat for Collier. Darwin and Huxley themselves, twice each – and there were a number of replica portraits of Darwin and Huxley made by Collier. George John Romanes, William Kingdom Clifford, Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, William Spottiswoode, Sir John Lubbock, E. Ray Lankester and Sir Michael Foster were all important friends. Francis Balfour and John Tyndall were portrayed after their tragic deaths.

Margaret Huxley (niece)
Margaret Huxley (1854–1940) was the niece of Thomas Henry Huxley, daughter of his brother William Thomas Huxley. She became a senior nurse in Dublin and is considered to be the pioneer of scientific nursing training in Ireland, after establishing nursing education in her own hospital and a few years later in a central school. She campaigned for the professionalisation of nursing and a formal system of nurse registration.

Sir Leonard George Holden Huxley (distant cousin)
Sir Leonard George Holden Huxley KBE (1902–1988) was second cousin once removed of Thomas Henry Huxley. Much of his life was spent in Australia, though he was at Oxford from 1923 to 1930. He obtained his D.Phil from Oxford University in 1928. The final period of his life was spent in Australia, University of Adelaide (1949–60); Australian National University (1960–67), latterly as Vice-Chancellor. A key figure in the establishment of the Anglo-Australian Telescope.

Leonard Huxley and issue
Leonard Huxley (1860–1933), the most prominent of T. H. Huxley's children, had six children, several of whom left their mark on the twentieth century. He was a teacher (assistant master) at Charterhouse, then assistant editor and later editor of the Cornhill Magazine. Huxley's major biographies were the three volumes of Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley and the two volumes of Life and Letters of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker OM GCSI.

His first wife was Julia Arnold (1862–1908), founder in 1902 of Prior's Field School a still existing girls' school in Godalming, Surrey. Through her Leonard was connected to the intellectual family of the Arnolds: his wife's father was Tom Arnold (1823–1900), who married Julia Sorell, granddaughter of a former governor of Tasmania. Julia Arnold's sister was the best-selling novelist Mary (who wrote as Mrs Humphry Ward), her uncle the poet Matthew Arnold, and her grandfather the influential Rugby School headmaster Thomas Arnold. In her youth she and her sister Ethel had inspired Charles Dodgson (aka Lewis Carroll) to invent doublet (now called word ladder).

Leonard and Julia had four children, including the biologist Sir Julian Sorell Huxley and the writer Aldous Leonard Huxley. Their middle son, Noel Trevenen (born in 1889) committed suicide in 1914. Their daughter, Margaret Arnold Huxley, was born in 1899 and died on 11 October 1981.

After the death of his first wife, Leonard married Rosalind Bruce (1890–1994), and had two further sons. The elder of these was David Bruce Huxley (1915–1992), whose daughter Angela Huxley married George Pember Darwin, son of the physicist Sir Charles Galton Darwin (and thus a great-grandson of Charles Darwin married a great-granddaughter of Thomas Huxley). The younger son (1917–2012) was the Nobel Prize winner, physiologist Andrew Fielding Huxley.

A Plaque was erected in 1995 at the house in Bracknell Gardens, Hampstead to commemorate Leonard, Julian and Aldous 'Men of Science and Letters, lived here.' Leonard and his two wives and sons (Aldous and Julian) have their ashes buried in Watts Cemetery in Compton near the site of their Priorsfield home.

Sir Julian Huxley

Julian Huxley (1887–1975) was the first Director-General of UNESCO. He was Secretary of Zoological Society, co-founder of the World Wildlife Fund, and president of the British Eugenics Society. He won the Darwin Medal of the Royal Society, the Darwin–Wallace Medal of the Linnaean Society, the Kalinga Prize and the Lasker Award. He presided over the founding conference for the International Humanist and Ethical Union. He wrote fifty books, including "The Science of Life", co-authored with H. G. Wells and Wells's son, G. P. Wells.

Julian was important as a proponent of natural selection at a time when Darwin's idea was denigrated by many. His master-work Evolution: The Modern Synthesis gave the name to a mid-century movement which united biological theory and overcame problems caused by over-specialisation.

Julian married Juliette Baillot in 1919. They had two children, and both became scientists: Anthony Julian Huxley, a botanist and horticulturalist, and Francis Huxley, an anthropologist.

A Wetherspoon Public house in Selsdon was named after him.

Aldous Huxley
Aldous Huxley (1894–1963) was a novelist and philosopher. His styles were iconoclasm; disenchanted social commentary and a dystopic view of the future were repeated themes. He was regarded in California, where he spent the latter part of his life, as a considerable intellectual guru. His main works include Crome Yellow (1921), Antic Hay (1923), Brave New World (1932) (which began as a parody of Men Like Gods by H. G. Wells), Eyeless in Gaza (1936) and Island (1960). Island, his last novel, is set in a utopia, in profound contrast to the dystopian Brave New World. The central theme is the development of a society which unites the best of western and eastern culture. It contains, amongst more serious ideas, the humorous notion of parrots who utter uplifting slogans. Huxley also wrote many essays, including The Doors of Perception which he wrote while experimenting with mescaline. Its title was taken from a poem by William Blake, and in turn inspired the name of the band The Doors.

Aldous married twice, to Maria Nys (1919), and after her death, to Laura Archera (1956). Laura felt inspired to illuminate the story of their provocative marriage through Mary Ann Braubach's 2010 documentary, "Huxley on Huxley". His only child, Matthew Huxley (1920 – 10 February 2005, age 84) was also an author, as well as an educator, anthropologist and prominent epidemiologist. His work ranged from promoting universal health care to establishing standards of care for nursing home patients and the mentally ill to investigating the question of what is a socially sanctionable drug. Matthew's first marriage, to documentary filmmaker Ellen Hovde, ended in divorce. His second wife died in 1983. He was survived by his third wife, Franziska Reed Huxley; and two children from his first marriage, Trevenen Huxley and Tessa Huxley.

David Bruce Huxley
Financier and lawyer (1915–1992). He served in World War II in Africa and Iraq reaching the rank of brigade major in the British Army. He became the youngest Queen's Counsel (QC) in the British Empire. In Bermuda in the 1940s and 1950s he was Solicitor General, Attorney General, and acting Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. He compiled and revised many of the laws of Bermuda. He married twice and had five children by his first wife, Anne Remsen Schenck. His daughter Angela Mary Bruce Huxley (born 1939) married George Pember Darwin in 1964, and his son Michael Remsen Huxley (1940–2021) became curator of science at the Smithsonian Institution. In retirement, David and his second wife, Ouida (who was raised by her aunt Ouida Rathbone, married to the actor Basil Rathbone) lived in Wansford-in-England, Cambridgeshire, where he served as churchwarden.

Andrew Huxley
Andrew Huxley (1917–2012), the last child of Leonard Huxley, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for studies of the central nervous system, especially the activity of nerve fibres. He was knighted in 1974 and appointed to the Order of Merit in 1983. He was the second Huxley to be President of the Royal Society, the first being his grandfather, T. H. H.

In 1947 he married Jocelyn Richenda Gammell Pease (1925–2003), the daughter of the geneticist Michael Pease and his wife Helen Bowen Wedgwood, the daughter of Josiah Wedgwood IV. They had one son and five daughters: Janet Rachel Huxley (born 1948); Stewart Leonard Huxley (born 1949); Camilla Rosalind Huxley (born 1952); Eleanor Bruce Huxley (born 1959); Henrietta Catherine Huxley (born 1960); Clare Marjory Pease Huxley (born 1962).

Jessie Oriana Huxley (1858–1927) and issue
Jessie, the eldest daughter of T. H. Huxley, survived scarlet fever when two years old, a disease which had killed her brother Noel. She grew up to marry Frederick Waller, who became architect to the Dean and Chapter of Gloucester Cathedral and unofficial architect-in-chief to the Huxley family.

Jessie and Fred had a son, Noel Huxley Waller, and a daughter, Oriana Huxley Waller. Noel won the Military Cross in the Gloucestershire Regiment in World War I, later becoming Colonel of the 5th Gloucesters, a territorial battalion of the regiment. He succeeded his father as architect to Gloucester Cathedral, and had five children from two marriages. He married, first, Helen Durrant, with Anthony, Audrey, Oriana and Letitia as children. Then he married Marion Taylor, with daughters Marion and Priscilla.

Oriana married E. S. P. Haynes, an Eton and Balliol scholar who became a dedicated divorce law reformer. They had three daughters, Renée, Celia and Elvira. Renée Haynes, a successful novelist, married Jerrard Tickell, an Irish writer. They had three sons, one of whom, Crispin, became a distinguished civil servant. The daughter of another son, Patrick, is Dame Clare Tickell, Chief Executive of Action for Children. Clare Tickell's brother, Adam, was Pro Vice Chancellor at the University of Birmingham, which grew out of Mason Science College which Thomas Huxley formally opened in 1880. Professor Adam Tickell is now Vice Chancellor at the University of Sussex.

Sir Crispin Tickell
Sir Crispin Tickell GCMG KCVO (25 August 1930 - 25 January 2022) was a British diplomat, academic and environmentalist. He was the great-grandson of Jessica Huxley. He was Chef de Cabinet to the President of the European Commission (1977–1980), British Ambassador to Mexico (1981–1983), Permanent Secretary of the [Overseas Development Administration] (now Department for International Development) (1984–1987), and British Ambassador to the United Nations and Permanent Representative on the UN Security Council (1987–1990).

Tickell was Warden of Green College, Oxford, between 1990 and 1997 and was director of the Policy Foresight Programme of the James Martin Institute for Science and Civilization at the University of Oxford. He was the recipient, between 1990 and 2006, of 23 honorary doctorates.

He was the president of the UK charity Tree Aid, which enables communities in Africa's drylands to fight poverty and become self-reliant, while improving the environment. He had many interests, including climate change, population issues, conservation of biodiversity and the early history of the Earth.

His son, Oliver Tickell, is a journalist, author and campaigner on environmental issues.

Rachel Huxley (1862–1934) and issue
Rachel Huxley, the fifth of T. H. Huxley's children, married civil engineer Alfred Eckersley in 1884, who built railways in various parts of the world. Their eldest son, Roger Huxley Eckersley, was born in Algeria; their second, Thomas Lydwell Eckersley, was born the next year. The family moved to Mexico, and their third son, Peter Eckersley, was born there. All three children married and had issue.

Rachel married, secondly, Harold Shawcross, and they had two children, Betty and Anthony Shawcross. Anthony married Mary Donaldson, and they had three children, Elizabeth, Simon and David.

Henry Huxley (1865–1946) and issue
Henry Huxley, the youngest son and penultimate child of T. H. Huxley, trained in medicine at St Bartholomew's Hospital, London. He married Sophy Stobart, a nurse. As she was the daughter of a considerable landowning and churchgoing family in Yorkshire, who were somewhat nervous of a connection with the son of a famous infidel, family meetings were held to smooth feelings and avoid difficulties. After the marriage the couple were set up in London, with a medical practice for Henry.

The couple had five children: Marjorie (m. Sir E. J. Harding), Gervas (m. Elspeth), Michael (m. Ottille de Lotbinière Mills, 3c.), Christopher (m. Edmée Ritchie, 3c.) and Anne (m. Geoffrey Cooke, 3c.).

Gervas Huxley (1894–1971)
The eldest son of Henry Huxley, Gervas served in the British Army from 1914, becoming battalion bombing officer. He received the Military Cross on the first day of Passchendaele for capturing prisoners whose presence showed the arrival of a fresh German Guards Division. He was demobilised in 1919.

Gervas was recruited in 1939 to help set up the wartime Ministry of Information. After the war he sat on the executive committee of the British Council, and became a successful author of biographies, especially on the Grosvenor family. He also penned a 1956 homage to tea, entitled "Talking of Tea". He died at Chippenham in 1971.

Gervas's second marriage was to Elspeth Grant (1907–1997) in 1931; she had grown up in Kenya and was a friend of Joy Adamson. After the marriage she wrote White Man's Country: Lord Delamere and the Making of Kenya. Her life and work are the subject of a 2002 biography. As an author, Elspeth Huxley was well up to Huxley standards, and one of the few wives who was better-known than her husband. The Flame Trees of Thika (1959) was perhaps the most celebrated of her thirty books; it was later adapted for television. They had one son, Charles (1944–2015).

Huxley Family Foundation
The Huxley Family Foundation was created by Laura Archera in 2007 to continue the work of deceased Huxley Family members and associates, as well as to work in association with the Thomas Henry Huxley X Club. Cofounders include Laura and Aldous Huxley's nephew Piero Ferrucci, his two sons, Jonathan and Emilio, and Paul Fleiss.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Huxley family


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Category:Egyptian mathematicians

This list includes mathematicians born in Egypt, as well as Egyptian mathematicians born abroad.

title: Category:Egyptian mathematicians


text: Category:Egyptian scientists

title: Category:Egyptian scientists


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User:Feco/Templates

'If you'' would like to use these templates, feel free. But PLEASE take the following steps when using them:'''
 * DO NOT simply type (or any of the other template names).
 * Instead, type . Using the subst function prevents a host of terrible, horrible errors that I end up having to fix.

Expanded Templates

credit to User:Asbestos

title: User:Feco/Templates


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Talk:Sigmoid colon

Please
Please do not do further edits on this page. Edit the page colon (anatomy) and put in the sigmoid subsection anything appropriate. The original sectioning of colon into its parts prevented general edits on the colon from getting into the entries on the subsections. The strategy is to put everything under colon. Kd4ttc 17:33, 14 January 2006 (UTC)

Sex talk?
the Anal Sex artial mentions damage that can be done to the Sigmoid Colon during unusually deep anal sex. i dont know if a similar mention would be worth noting here (especially with the simple warning against inserting "long" objects into the rectum). my question then is: should we mention anal sex specifically as a risk factor in the sigmoid colon? --Whiteknight 02:28, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

as an addendum, the anal sex artical also mentions that the sigmoid colon, in places, is as strong as a "wet paper towel." i wonder if that "fact" should be confirmed in this artical, or disparaged in the anal sex artical. --Whiteknight 02:31, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The sigmoid is a lot stronger than that. Sounds like an urban legend. Could you be so kind to correct it? JFW | T@lk  07:28, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Images
I've made a note to get rid of the very low quality and old images here and to replace them with newer images. We shouldn't have anything that refers to the pelvic colon, as this is no longer correct terminology. CFCF (talk · contribs · email) 15:57, 23 May 2014 (UTC)

Length of sigmoid colon in the diagram is not 35-40 cm.
"The sigmoid colon (or pelvic colon) is the part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 35–40 centimetres (14–16 in) in length. The loop is typically shaped like a Greek letter sigma (ς) or Latin letter S (thus sigma + -oid). This part of the colon normally lies within the pelvis, [...]" says the beginning of the lead section. But 35 cm is the distance from one side of the abdomen to the other, while the sigmoid colon in the diagram is at most half that. So either the diagram is wrong or the given length, or so it seems to me.

What are your thoughts? Polar Apposite (talk) 06:33, 29 October 2023 (UTC)
 * My thoughts are that you should explain how other editors should respond to your question. Fabrickator (talk) 00:19, 30 October 2023 (UTC)
 * I just meant, is the diagram wrong, or is the given length wrong, or are both wrong, or am I wrong? Polar Apposite (talk) 03:51, 30 October 2023 (UTC)
 * All I asked is that you explain how you think other editors should respond to your question, but unfortunately, you have decided to ignore that request. I really don't think I should let you get away with this, but I suspect we would just go around in circles, and that gets tiring, so I'll just overlook the fact that you've ignored my request.
 * However, I will cite a rule that I don't necessarily agree with. You are trying to evaluate the validity of the reported typical length of the sigmoid colon based on this diagram plus your knowledge about the dimensions of the pelvis, and your attempt to ascertain what might be a reasonable value for this length constitutes WP:OR.
 * If you are skeptical of the information provided (i.e. the range of lengths of the sigmoid colon), you might look for other sources. Doubtless, there is a distribution of lengths among any given population, and there may also be differences in just how this measurement is determined.  However, this creates a bit of a conundrum, because you'll realize that there is inconsistent information.  So do you just pick the one that you like, or do you take an average or establish that one source is more reliable than all the rest?
 * All that's required on WP is a WP:RS. Arguably, once you've seen the variations in the reported measurements, they can't be unseen, even if the rest of us have no way of knowing you've seen the reported variations in this measurement. Fabrickator (talk) 05:51, 30 October 2023 (UTC)
 * "All I asked is that you explain how you think other editors should respond to your question, but unfortunately, you have decided to ignore that request." I didn't decide to ignore your request. Maybe quit speculating about the motivations of other editors.
 * How about you give me an example of what you mean by "explain how you think other editors should respond to your question"? I thought it was clear that I wanted other editors to *answer* my question, but that is seemingly not what you want. So tell me what exactly you want me to do, and I will try to do it. Polar Apposite (talk) 06:05, 30 October 2023 (UTC)
 * I suggest that other editors should respond to your request the way I responded to your request, i.e. by telling you that this the talk page is a place to discuss how to improve the article. What you are suggesting  is WP:OR, and we're supposed to avoid that.  More specifically, these talk pages aren't places for general discussion, everything's supposed to be about how to improve the article.  The only thing you need is a WP:RS.  We could discuss other sources and the relative merits of each, but that should be independent of what value they specify.  We should not really consider whether one has a more plausible answer than another, though I'm sure somebody would try to claim that an outlier value would make the source dubious for that specific information.
 * It's so easy to find other sources, yet you don't mention that you've done that. For the sake of discussion, if you did check other sources, and none of them come up with a range that corresponds to your estimate, yet they also have similar diagrams, then I guess you will suffer some cognitive dissonance.
 * You're so perplexed about this that I'm allowing myself to go into some hazardous territory. You might try examining some diagrams of the pelvic area to see if there's a way that the sigmoid colon could take a route that's not the most direct route (e.g. by "doubling back").  I don't know, maybe  they measure it while it's stretched out and that accounts for the discrepancy.  This assumes, or course, that other sources show similar lengths to this source.  As I say, for our purposes here, we don't actually care, the principle on WP is reliable sources, even if they provide incorrect information. Fabrickator (talk) 07:00, 30 October 2023 (UTC)

Nowithstanding the fact that this conundrum doesn't really affect things from a Wikipedia perspective, I am curious about what your personal thoughts are on the apparent incongruity beweeen your estimate of what the length should be and what multiple sources report. Fabrickator (talk) 09:13, 31 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Maybe they measure it stretched out, like you said. Polar Apposite (talk) 17:27, 31 October 2023 (UTC)
 * The length is exactly as it should be, for example the large intestine is about 1.5 metres in length.You wouldn't measure a length of string when it was rolled up would you? Theroadislong (talk) 10:40, 4 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sigmoid colon


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Battle of Cerignola

The Battle of Cerignola was fought on 28 April 1503 between Spanish and French armies outside the town of Cerignola, Apulia, Kingdom of Naples (now in modern-day Italy), approximately 80 km west of Bari. The Spanish force under the command of Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (El Gran Capitán) comprising 6,300 men, including 2,000 Landsknecht pikemen, 1,000 arquebusiers and 20 cannons, defeated the French force of 9,000 men, mainly gendarme heavy cavalry and Swiss mercenary pikemen, with about 40 cannons, led by Louis d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours, who was killed during the battle.

Cerignola was one of the first European battles won by gunpowder weapons, as the attacks by the French cavalry and Swiss pikemen were shattered by the fire of Spanish arquebusiers behind a defensive ditch. Military historian Bernard Montgomery described as the turning point of infantry finally taking the place of cavalry on battlefields: "Gonzalo de Córdoba had raised the infantry soldier armed with a handgun to the status of the most important fighting man on the battlefield - a status he was to retain for over 400 years".

Preparations
The Third Italian War was re-kindled in late 1502, over disagreements stemming from the secret Treaty of Granada, signed on 11 November 1500. Although it was agreed that Louis XII of France would assume the throne of Naples, he and the monarchs of Spain soon quarreled over several territories between their respective spheres of control.

The Spanish forces under Fernández de Córdoba avoided contact with the French at first, hoping to lure the French into complacency. After a series of skirmishes, the battle of Cerignola was the first major engagement in this phase of the war, alongside the second battle of Seminara in Calabria the week before.

Fernández de Córdoba was outnumbered but had the advantage of the terrain, with the Spanish occupying and fortifying the heights of Cerignola with ditches and stakes.

The Spanish infantry was organized into a new type of unit called coronelías, the immediate predecessor of the later tercios. They were armed with a mix of pikes, arquebuses, and swords. This type of formation had revolutionized the Spanish army, which like the French, had centered on cavalry well into the 15th century, in the battles of the Reconquista against the Muslims in Spain.

In front of the hillside, a ditch was dug behind which the arquebusiers took their positions, with the Landsknecht pikemen behind them. The Spanish artillery was placed on top of the hill among the vineyards, having a good view of the entire battlefield. The Spanish light cavalry jinetes screened the front of the position, while the Spanish heavy cavalry under the Italian condottiero Prospero Colonna were kept in reserve.

The Spanish troops faced a professional French army based on the Ordonnance reforms, relying on the heavy armoured cavalry of the Compagnies d'ordonnance and mercenary Swiss pikemen. This army also had more artillery than the Spanish, but the French artillery would not arrive in time to take an active part in the battle.

Battle
The battle began with two charges by the French heavy cavalry against the centre of the Spanish army, but these were both repulsed by intense Spanish artillery and arquebus fire. The next assault tried to force the Spanish right flank, but many of the French cavalrymen fell into the Spanish ditch and the attack was again thrown back by a storm of fire from the Spanish arquebusiers. One of those killed by the arquebus volleys was Nemours, making him possibly the first European general killed in action by small-arms fire. With the Swiss commander, Chandieu, taking charge, the Swiss pikemen attacked with the cavalry instead of waiting for the arrival of the French rearguard and artillery under Yves d'Alègre. Seeing the imminent French infantry assault upon his center, Córdoba withdrew the arquebusiers to the flanks and the Landsknecht pikemen took their place behind the ditch. The Swiss formations, joined by the Gascon infantry, were unable to break into the defensive positions. Held by the Landsknechts in the front, fired into their flanks by the arquebusiers and harassed by the Spanish light cavalry, the Swiss and French were again driven back with heavy casualties, including Chandieu.

Fernández de Córdoba then launched a counterattack by the Spanish and German infantry and the reserve of heavy Spanish cavalry. Mounted arquebusiers surrounded and routed the remaining French gendarmes, but the Swiss pikemen managed to retreat in a relatively organized fashion.

Upon witnessing the defeat of both the gendarmes and the Swiss, d'Alègre directed a withdrawal. He was pursued by the victorious Spanish jinetes.

"..what happened in the battle of Chirinola {Cerignola}; where an Italian, believing the Spanish were beaten, threw fire in the powder wagons, and the army being confused by such an accident, El Gran Capitan was encouraged saying 'good sign friends, those are the lights of victory' and thus it was."

Aftermath
The severe French defeat cost them around 4,000 soldiers, with Spanish losses amounting to some 500 men. The French supply wagons and artillery was captured by the victorious Spanish troops. The end of the battle saw the first time a "call to prayer" (toque de oracion) was issued, a practice that was later adopted by most Western armies, when the Great Captain, upon seeing the fields full of French bodies (who, like the Spaniards, were Christian), ordered three long tones to be played and his troops to pray for all the fallen. The body of Nemours was retrieved by Tristao da Cunha by orders of Córdoba, who hosted a military funeral for him.

After the battle the defeated French army retreated to the fortress of Gaeta north of Naples. De Córdoba's forces attempted to storm the fortress, but the attacks all failed. The besieged French were prepared for a long siege and were receiving supplies by sea. Thus unable to take Gaeta and fearing the arrival of possible French reinforcements, de Córdoba lifted the siege and retreated to Castellone, some 8 kilometers south of Gaeta.

In retrospect, Cerignola marks the rise of pike and shot tactics and the beginning of 140 years of Spanish dominance on European battlefields until the defeat of Rocroi in 1643. It is considered to be the first major battle won largely through the use of firearms, comparable to what was to occur in Japan seven decades later in the Battle of Nagashino in 1575.

title: Battle of Cerignola


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pure Pwnage

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep (no consensus to delete). Mindspillage (spill yours?) 15:13, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Pure Pwnage
Internet 'TV show' made by two college students. Non-notable vanity. --InShaneee 19:45, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC) Eleusis 06:49, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless some evidence of notability is produced. -- Antaeus Feldspar 19:52, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The article merely states that this exists, rather than why it is notable. An internet 'TV show' is something rather easy to do if you can be bothered, so not automatically notable. Average Earthman 21:17, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * delete. anyone can produce their own show, like average earthman said, and their is no proof that this show is wildly popular. -anonymous IP user
 * Advertising. I agree with the above. Delete. (Naming a section "review" should give a hint). Mgm|(talk) 21:27, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, advert/promo. Megan1967 04:52, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, ego stroking self promotion. Unsigned vote by, who has five edits, only one of which is not to the article or to this VfD.
 * Don't delete, compared to topics like "badger badger badger" pure pwnage really deserves an article as it's a very professional show compared to many many others on the internet. Unsigned vote by, whose only edit is this vote.
 * Keep. Skimming google, it appears that this show is very well-covered on gaming websites. I'm not completely convinced it belongs, but it's an edge case and as a matter of principle I believe edge cases should be included. Demi T/C 04:01, 2005 Apr 11 (UTC)
 * Keep. In my opinion:
 * The article is a stub with potential. (See Deletion policy - table 'Problems that don't require deletion')
 * It is related to precedent: Is some Internet culture encyclopedic? - Yes. Gaming and Internet culture are quite intimately related, and this is apparent from the video series itself.
 * As Mtoman pointed out (in the unsigned vote above, nevertheless), the subject of this article is somewhat related to Red vs Blue.
 * The article might presently be seen as a Vanity page, however, as I pointed out above, the article is still a stub and is in need of expansion. As for the claims of 'non-notability', please see  Does lack of fame a vanity article make?. Pure Pwnage (the video series) is primarily about gamers and the gaming subculture, however, since it is a parody, it can appeal to a much wider audience. (e.g. see Pure Pwnage Episode 2: Girls)
 * This is NOT a personal attack, merely a statement of fact. The VfD tagger has not viewed the video series that is the subject of this article (excerpt from #wikipedia on FreeNode, times are GMT +08:00):
 * Apr 11 12:02:09 	InShaneee: have you watched the pure pwnage series?
 * [...]
 * Apr 11 12:02:21 	eleusis: can't say I have.
 * Apr 11 12:02:27 	ok
 * As such, I believe the VfD listing is based on simple assumption relating to the current length of the article, rather than its potential. I also believe that InShaneee would not have VfD'd this article had he seen the video series, considering that he is familiar with the Red vs Blue series, and would have been aware of the parallels:
 * Apr 11 12:03:58 	(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_vs_Blue) is related to (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure_Pwnage) in that it's a video/animation series published on the web, and that they're both about gaming
 * [...]
 * Apr 11 12:04:07 	i don't see (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_vs_Blue) getting vfd'd
 * Apr 11 12:04:40 	eleusis: I love red vs. blue.
 * Answering other VfD voters' concerns:
 * The present form of the article does not make its notability apparent - as I pointed out, the article is still a stub in need of expansion.
 * The popularity of the video show is mostly irrelevant: Does lack of fame a vanity article make?.
 * The article is not simply promotion. For example, a term that is often used without explanation in the video series is 'Uber Micro'. This article is properly linked to explain this term.
 * Labelling this article as 'Advertising' because of the presence of a 'Review' section is irrelevant. This 'review' was not NPOV (negatively biased against the content of the video series) and was added by an anonymous user from IP 67.140.145.26. This review was removed by another anonymous user from IP 24.3.104.7, but then reverted back by 67.140.145.26. Notice that the anonymous user from 67.140.145.26 has also posted a Delete vote on this page. The review has since been moved to the Talk page.
 * In summary, I believe that Pure Pwnage has good potential for growth, being a good example of a Webisode. (The webisode article doesn't exist yet, try google for definitions and other examples. IMO, a webisode is a more general concept than a webcomic - something that Red vs Blue is classified as.) As evident from the article presently, the video series is relevant to the gamer subculture. However, a wider audience should be able to relate to the content of the video series, as it is a parody of gamers, not simply an obscure gamer-related publication.
 * Extreme Inclusion - Bah you deletionists Burgundavia 06:58, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I LOLed AngryParsley 06:59, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm glad that Eleusis made a clear explanation, but unfortunately I don't find it particularly convincing. The article is conceivably vanity since it is written by people involved with the show. That is, of course, debatable as always, but it is valid grounds for voting. "Red vs Blue" gets over ten times as many google hits as "Pure Pwnage". Thus it does not follow that Pwnage is 'famous' simply because it is 'similar'. And it is pretty easy to create whatever kind of site on the net; Wikipedia is not a web directory. So I'd have to agree with the delete voters above. Radiant_* 09:18, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * As far as I know, there is no evidence to suggest that this article was written by, or has had most (or even, any) of its contributions coming from the cast or crew of Pure Pwnage, or anyone else affiliated with (read: helps run, or promotes) purepwnage.com. I was not implying that Pure Pwnage is as famous as Red vs Blue, merely that they were both parodies of the gaming subculture, and were both published in the form of 'webisodes'. (Indeed, I stated that fame is mostly irrelevant) Eleusis 09:47, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)

 has three edits, all to the article or to this VfD.
 * Strong Keep. Well known movie. Grue 06:53, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as vanity, the videos are unprofessionaly made. If they were a band they wouldn't be accepted on Wikipedia. Also Alexa rank of 138,580. bbx 12:04, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The band that half of Internet knows about would certainly be accepted on Wikipedia. Similarly, an Internet phenomenon that is Pure Pwnage certainly deserves a mention in Wikipedia. The "vanity" argument is ridiculous in this case. Alexa rank for something that you can download from a dozen of sites and torrents is not very relevant too. Grue 14:26, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Take a look at http://www.onestat.com/aspx/reports.aspx?nav=i. I feel that the videos are popular enough and of a level of professional quality to be included in wikipedia. If the first episodes don't fit your definition of "quality" you should also watch the newer ones.Walton Simons
 * DEFINITLY Keep Pure Pwnage is a sure example of artistic view and knowledge of the mind of pro gamers, along with comedy and information. It definitely should stay up as a source of information for the fans, like me, and many others. Unsigned vote by, who has only one edit.
 * Keep: This article is educational. It educates people on gamer culture as does the show.  There is no self-promotion here, this article was produced by those that were enlightened by the show and feel a deep sense of satisfaction from the education they have received from the show. Unsigned vote by, who has just two edits.
 * Keep the show is a comedy but nevertheless a well made non-vulgar view into the world of gamers. Though not the best role model for kids, it is interesting to keep the article in the condition that it is kept in a good level of writing. -- Faerun 18:25, 19 Apr 2005
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Talk:The Boston Globe

Expand
this is a rather short article for the most circulated newspaper in New England. I'm sure we can do better than this, just not sure how to go about improving the article.--Alhutch 10:54, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Cartoon controversy?
I'm going to get rid of the "Cartoon Controversy" section. If they didn't publish the cartoons, than there was no controversy. If their refusal to publish the cartoons led to outcry, than it needs to be sourced. AFAIK nobody really cared that they didn't. -Xcm 19:03, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Your edit was reverted, but I agree. Including this implies that the Globe was an actual player in the controversy itself, as opposed to merely reporting it, and, to my knowledge, it was not. --Elcocinero 17:57, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

other controversies
Should mention be made of the Mike Barnicle and Patricia Smith fabrication controversies? Coming right after one another the way they did made the Globe look really bad for a time.--ColForbin 02:02, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

 * If you can write it in a WP:NPOV way, then be bold and do so!
 * Atlant 14:18, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

 * done, hope people like it.--ColForbin 20:56, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

I added a section on Peter Quinn, and I also suggest deleting the "Big Dig" section unless a citation is provided Mateo LeFou 21:29, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I think the Barnicle case was more complicated and less clear-cut. Wasn't the accusation at him more about his re-using his own old material without acknowledging it? I don't think that pure fabrication was ever proven in his case.
 * 24.8.106.182 (talk) 21:52, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Controversy / Political Bias
Most wiki articles about major newspapers have a section on controversy and accusations of political bias. This article conspicuously lacked one-- so I added it. 24.8.106.182 (talk) 21:47, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

 * The Globe is, of course, a kneejerk liberal newspaper, so it is fair to add a section on its political tilt.   —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.44.153.18 (talk) 22:23, 27 September 2008 (UTC)

 * This isn't true. It is a mainstream newspaper that tries to fairly and accurately cover its community. It has an editorial page (that operates separately from the newsroom) that leans a bit to the left, but has also endorsed moderate Republicans. But the paper overall tries to be fair. Muckrkr (talk) 10:52, 26 September 2022 (UTC)

Controversies section?
I added a couple of lines to History on the false 'GI rape' photographs of 2004 - the story is on a Wikipedia "scandals" page (List_of_United_States_journalism_scandals) and needed to be wiki-linked. I didn't go into any detail - but left 3 citations. Don't you need a controversy section? It might be a bit much for a History section, this. --Matt Lewis (talk) 01:32, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

 * There should also be a section on how they covered up for former Senate President William Bulger and the Bulger crime family and were light on reporting on the sexual misconduct of Ted Kennedy and the child rapist Gary Studds.173.48.197.65 (talk)  —Preceding undated comment added 20:58, 27 December 2018 (UTC)

 * The Globe had some of the key reporting exposing the Whitey Bulger. https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/09/22/magazine/how-spotlight-revealed-secret-deal-between-whitey-bulger-fbi/ Muckrkr (talk) 10:55, 26 September 2022 (UTC)

New York Times Co will be closing the Boston Globe in 60 days
Could someone back this up please? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.66.227.110 (talk) 06:10, 4 May 2009 (UTC)

Newspaper conspiracy
In a May 2002 interview with the Italian-Catholic publication 30 Giorni, Cardinal Oscar Maradiaga claimed that Jews influenced the Boston Globe to exploit the recent controversy regarding sexual abuse by Catholic priests in order to divert attention from the Israeli-Palestinian crisis. This provoked outrage from the anti-Defamation League, especially since Maradiaga has a reputation as a moderate and that he is regarded as a papabile. Another interesting issue is that journalist Michael Paulson writes that certain high-ranking Church officials had called for divine intervention against the Boston Globe during the abuse scandals, and that the newspaper is currently in decline because of the financial crisis. ADM (talk) 23:24, 10 May 2009 (UTC)

michael paulson
Ok... alright, where is this man's column. He is the man who made this paper famous and he is one of the minority journalists who does not have his own page?

I believe somebody (more qualified than me) should make his page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Peppermintschnapps (talk • contribs) 22:09, 13 September 2009 (UTC)

Removed 'declining circulation' sentence from first section
In an encyclopedia article, discussion of declining circulation over the last decade does not belong at the top when the business has existed for 140 years. It looks like someone just wanted to kick the Globe for ideological reasons. There's nothing wrong with including that information, but it does not belong at the very top.

MarkinBoston (talk) 20:49, 22 January 2011 (UTC)

Recentism
The History section suffers from a bad case of recentism. Not surprising on Wikipedia, but still, the section needs to be expanded beyond ten years ago - the average memory of most Wikipedia editors.

And while I"m at it - does the seal story deserve notice? Granted it's hard to get newspapers to do retractions or even corrections, but how big an issue was this?

MarkinBoston (talk) 22:40, 27 January 2011 (UTC)

Fabrication by journalist
Be careful about using Patricia Smith articles. She admitted to fabricating quotes in some of her columns. WhisperToMe (talk) 17:19, 7 November 2012 (UTC)
 * According to: Jet. Johnson Publishing Company, July 6, 1998. Vol. 94, No. 6. ISSN 0021-5996. p. 6

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20150311051009/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2004/05/12/2_cite_photos_purported_to_show_abuse/ to http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2004/05/12/2_cite_photos_purported_to_show_abuse/

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External links modified
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 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20130809151928/http://www.boston.com/business/ticker/2009/10/nyt_terminates.html to http://www.boston.com/business/ticker/2009/10/nyt_terminates.html
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Recommend merging content into new section
The subsection on the 2018 death threats duplicates content also found in the editorial section. The effect of this duplication appears to limit and remove Trump's stated involvement in the precipitating events leading up to the threats. Currently, there is no mention of Trump in the threats subsection, and little explanatory info about the threats in the editorial section. Viriditas (talk) 21:00, 5 February 2021 (UTC)

Content
This content needs to be merged and rewritten to show the proper order of historical events which have been muddled. The order should appear as follows:

1. Trump attacks the press as the "enemy of the people"

2. Boston Globe responds to Trump's attacks with an editorial

3. Right wing media and Trump claim they've been "attacked" (?)

4. Boston Globe receives death threats from a Trump supporter

In August 2018, the editorial board launched a coordinated campaign for newspapers nationwide to respond to President Donald Trump's "enemy of the people" attacks and "fake news" rants against the media by publishing locally produced editorial responses on Thursday, August 16. Within a couple of days, an estimated 100+ newspapers had pledged to join the campaign, jumping to roughly 200 a few days later. On Aug 13, the Radio Television Digital News Association and its Voice of the First Amendment Task Force encouraged its 1,200 member organizations to join the campaign while other media organizations also helped spread the call to action. Even as some right-leaning outlets portrayed the Globe's campaign as an attack on the president, rather than his rhetorical attacks on the fourth estate, some newspapers got a head start, releasing content on Wednesday the 15th, including the Virginia-based Connection Newspapers group, the combined East Bay Times and Mercury News, and the Baltimore Sun. On Thursday the 16th, 350 newspapers participated in the event.

The president responded with a tweet accusing the media of collusion. The Globe later received several phone threats with at least one threat mentioning an afternoon bomb. While authorities did not consider the threat to be "super serious", uniformed police nonetheless raised their presence in and around the building, building management notified other tenants, and the FBI was investigating.

Between August 10–22, 2018, approximately 14 threatening phone calls were made to Boston Globe offices. The caller stated that the Globe was the "enemy of the people" and threatened to kill newspaper employees. On August 16, 2018, the Globe and more than 400 news outlets from across the United States jointly published editorials in support of free press.

 * Assuming the desired result is the three paragraphs of narrative text (excluding the numbered list), I think this would be a good change. As you say, the context of the editorial and bomb threat need to be explained in one place. My only concerns are (a) the length of this narrative, possibly WP:UNDUE-ly long for an encyclopedia article that's supposed to cover all of the nearly century-and-a-half history of a Pulitzer-winning newspaper; (b) the number of references. Each fact needs just one good citation. My vote would be to focus on references from sources that are widely accepted as impartial, such as large print media (USA Today, San Jose Mercury News, the Globe itself) and local TV news (WHDH). With respect to point (a), I think a good copyedit could tighten the language to reduce the word count substantially without sacrificing too much detail. ``` t b w i l l i e ` $1.25 ` 22:21, 5 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Viriditas (talk) 01:03, 6 February 2021 (UTC)

 * I would like to still fix this if it hasn't already been addressed. I tried to do it in my user space and I failed.  I will make a very strong cup of coffee tomorrow morning and give it one last try, but I had no idea it would be this difficult. Viriditas (talk) 09:53, 23 May 2021 (UTC)

 * It looks like Dmoore5556 fixed the issue more than a month ago, so I'll cross this task off my list. Thanks! Viriditas (talk) 09:58, 23 May 2021 (UTC)

This entry should be at bottom of page
I am typing this at the bottom of the source page, having intended to add another talk entry. But markup of content somewhere above is malformed causing interposition of more text below. Once fixed, delete my entry.

Jimlue (talk) 00:01, 18 March 2021 (UTC)

✅ ``` t b w i l l i e ` $1.25 ` 04:10, 18 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Boston Globe


text:
User:Feco/anon

Register as a Wiki User
Hi, thanks for contributing to Wikipedia! You've been making some valuable contributions to the site. While you can continue making them as an anonymous user, creating a user account is almost instantaneous. With a username, you'd have a user page and, more importantly, a talk page, where people could discuss the article's you've been editing with you. Also, your edits are probably more likely to be taken as good faith if you contribute as registered user than under an anonymous IP.

Other benefits? See '''here. To instantaneously create an account, click here. Feco

title: User:Feco/anon


text:
Talk:Sanquhar

This is the first article I have posted to Wikipedia. I originally wrote this for a chapter in a book about my family ancestors. I researched this very carefully and I'm excited to share my work with others. I would love to get some feedback on this submission. I have other images I would have liked to add, but their ownership is not clear. DWR 19:46, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Well I'd point out that there is no proof that there was ever any invasion/migration from Ireland to Western Scotland. Yes there was (perhaps) a spread of Goidelic languages (cultural conversion, relatively common) but no movement of people themselves. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.194.215.249 (talk) 13:35, 24 October 2012 (UTC)  I agree with this comment, at least as respects the 8th/9th centuries. Deipnosophista (talk) 15:55, 4 January 2023 (UTC)

Hi there - can you add something abou the coal spoli heaps on the road north of the town? No info at all. I was driving past and that sort of thuing interests me! cheers ≈≈TheApiarist≈≈ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Theapiarist (talk • contribs) 20:40, 13 October 2016 (UTC)

Tynron Doon
The paragraph here on Tyron Doon seems out of place. The fort in question is 28 km away from Sanquair, which is a very long way, and no relevant reason is adduced for mentioning it here. I would propose the removal of this paragraph. Deipnosophista (talk) 15:55, 4 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sanquhar


text:
Moiry, Switzerland

Moiry is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Morges.

History
Moiry is first mentioned in 1011 as in villa Moriei. In 1219 it was mentioned as Moirie.

Geography
Moiry has an area,, of 6.67 km2. Of this area, 2.77 km2 or 41.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 3.69 km2 or 55.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.21 km2 or 3.1% is settled (buildings or roads).

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.5% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.5%. Out of the forested land, 54.0% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.3% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 26.8% is used for growing crops and 14.2% is pastures.

The municipality was part of the Cossonay District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Moiry became part of the new district of Morges.

The municipality is located on the right bank of the Venoge river.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or, a Heart Gules, in Chief Gules three Mullets of Five Or.

Demographics
Moiry has a population of. , 10.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 34.8%. It has changed at a rate of 36.9% due to migration and at a rate of -2% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population speaks French (191 or 94.6%), with German being second most common (5 or 2.5%) and Italian being third (2 or 1.0%). There is 1 person who speaks Romansh.

Of the population in the municipality 71 or about 35.1% were born in Moiry and lived there in 2000. There were 90 or 44.6% who were born in the same canton, while 26 or 12.9% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 15 or 7.4% were born outside of Switzerland.

In there were 2 live births to Swiss citizens and were 2 deaths of Swiss citizens. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens remained the same while the foreign population remained the same. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 3 and the non-Swiss population remained the same. This represents a population growth rate of 1.2%.

The age distribution,, in Moiry is; 37 children or 13.9% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 40 teenagers or 15.0% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 25 people or 9.4% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 40 people or 15.0% are between 30 and 39, 36 people or 13.5% are between 40 and 49, and 39 people or 14.6% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 28 people or 10.5% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 15 people or 5.6% are between 70 and 79, there are 7 people or 2.6% who are between 80 and 89.

, there were 83 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 98 married individuals, 11 widows or widowers and 10 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 80 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.5 persons per household. There were 26 households that consist of only one person and 9 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 81 households that answered this question, 32.1% were households made up of just one person and there was 1 adult who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 19 married couples without children, 31 married couples with children There were 3 single parents with a child or children.

there were 39 single family homes (or 56.5% of the total) out of a total of 69 inhabited buildings. There were 10 multi-family buildings (14.5%), along with 17 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (24.6%) and 3 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (4.3%). Of the single family homes 20 were built before 1919, while 2 were built between 1990 and 2000. The most multi-family homes (6) were built before 1919 and the next most (1) were built between 1919 and 1945. There was 1 multi-family house built between 1996 and 2000.

there were 99 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 4 rooms of which there were 29. There were 4 single room apartments and 29 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 76 apartments (76.8% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 17 apartments (17.2%) were seasonally occupied and 6 apartments (6.1%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 0 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 28.37% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Green Party (17.36%), the SVP (15.13%) and the FDP (12.89%). In the federal election, a total of 98 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 59.8%.

Economy
, Moiry had an unemployment rate of 5.4%. , there were 20 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 8 businesses involved in this sector. 15 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 4 businesses in this sector. 8 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 3 businesses in this sector. There were 107 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 44.9% of the workforce.

the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 34. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 16, of which 14 were in agriculture and 2 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 13 of which 3 or (23.1%) were in manufacturing and 10 (76.9%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 5. In the tertiary sector; 1 was in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was a technical professional or scientist, 3 or 60.0% were in education.

, there were 8 workers who commuted into the municipality and 73 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 9.1 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 15.9% used public transportation to get to work, and 50.5% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 37 or 18.3% were Roman Catholic, while 124 or 61.4% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 30 individuals (or about 14.85% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. 22 (or about 10.89% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 4 individuals (or about 1.98% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Moiry about 78 or (38.6%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 25 or (12.4%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 25 who completed tertiary schooling, 56.0% were Swiss men, 36.0% were Swiss women.

In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 44 students in the Moiry school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts. During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 631 children of which 203 children (32.2%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 22 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 21 students in those schools. There were also 1 students who were home schooled or attended another non-traditional school.

, there were 39 students in Moiry who came from another municipality, while 35 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Moiry, Switzerland


text: Template:WikiProject Chemistry

title: Template:WikiProject Chemistry


text:
User:Keaton

I'm a self proclaimed freak in the middle of nowhere (aka Piqua, Ohio). I started updating here as an anomynous guest, then I decided to get a User name so people would know who I am.

Notable articles i've made/worked on
 * Mercenaries 2: World in Flames- Created
 * Kid Niki: Radical Ninja- Created
 * Hey! Spring of Trivia- Created (as guest)
 * TimeSplitters 2- Updated
 * TimeSplitters: Future Perfect- Updated
 * Mercenaries 2: World in Flames- Started
 * Born to Kill (gang)- was in bad shape. Fixed it up. (but forgot to log in ;_;)

Works on other Wikis

FlashWiki

Greasy Moose

Target Practice

Attack of the Evil T.V.

title: User:Keaton


text:
Big B (film)

Big B (short form of Big Brother) is a 2007 Indian Malayalam-language neo-noir action thriller film directed by Amal Neerad in his directoral debut. It stars Mammootty, alongside an ensemble cast including Manoj K. Jayan, Bala, Sumeet Naval, Mamtha Mohandas, Nafisa Ali, Pasupathy, Lena, Maniyanpilla Raju, Shereveer Vakil, Vinayakan, Innocent and Vijayaraghavan. The cinematography and editing were handled by Sameer Thahir and Vivek Harshan, while the music was composed by Alphonse Joseph and Gopi Sundar.

Despite being an unofficial remake of the 2005 Hollywood film Four Brothers, Big B is considered a pathbreaking film in the history of Malayalam cinema due to its stylish making and also introduced a new style of filmmaking, thus attaining a huge cult following. The film is widely regarded as one of the defining films of the Malayalam New Wave.

Plot
Mary John Kurishingal gets killed under mysterious circumstances, where her adopted sons arrive for her funeral: Bilal- a gangster and hitman in Mumbai, Eddy John Kurishingal- a hotel owner, Murugan – an action choreographer in Malayalam cinema, and Bijo- a student. The brothers take it upon themselves to unearth the mystery behind Mary's murder. Murugan is in love with Rimy, the daughter of Tommy Parekkadan, a happy-go-drunkard, who is against their relationship. Bilal starts meeting his old friends and contacts in the Kochi underworld to receive information about the killers.

The brothers piece the evidence together and learns that the murder was committed by two assassins from Mumbai. ACP Balaji Shakthivel and CI George are assigned to investigate Mary's murder case, where they begin the investigation and learns that the murder was one of the many meticulously planned operations aimed at checking Mary's intrusions into the unlawful exporting of children from Kochi. The unlawful operations are actually handled by the Mayor and Sayippu Tony, a notorious gangster.

Meanwhile, Bilal makes Tommy accept Murugan and Rimy's relationship. One night, Bijo gets killed by Tony's henchmen. However, Bilal shoots one of the henchmen and learns that Tony is the behind the series of crimes. Later, Tony kills Shakthivel and warns the Mayor to obey his instructions. Bilal orders Eddy and Murugan to negotiate with Tony to know his demands. Pandi Asi, Tony's henchmen, joins Bilal and his brothers as he wants to seek revenge on Tony, where they also become successful in keeping George (who was Tony's sidekick) on their side.

Bilal threatens the Mayor that he will expose his corrupt plans to the whole media, which causes the Mayor to shoot himself. George files this as a suicide in order to save Bilal from the case. Eddy and Murugan are called to an island by Tony and his henchmen. Tony arrives and opens up to Eddy about his plans to kill Bilal and the brothers, but Tony learns that his henchmen were bribed and are now against him. Asi reveals his grudge against Tony. Bilal arrives at the spot and kills Tony after a long fight. Tony is buried under the ditch by his men. After their mission, Eddy lives a happy and peaceful life with his family. Murugan spends time cheering with Rimy, while Bilal is seen helping the poor kids of their colony.

Cast

 * Mammootty as Bilal John Kurishingal
 * Manoj K Jayan as Eddy John Kurishingal
 * Bala as Murugan John Kurishingal (voiceover by Sarath Das)
 * Sumeet Naval as Bijo John Kurishingal
 * Nafisa Ali as Mary John Kurishingal
 * Shereveer Vakil as Sayippu Tony (voiceover by Shobi Thilakan)
 * Pasupathy as ACP Balaji Sakthivel IPS
 * Vijayaraghavan as CI George
 * Innocent as Tommy Parekkadan, Rimi's Father
 * Mamta Mohandas as Rimi Tommy, Murugan's love interest
 * Lena as Celina, Eddy's wife
 * Maniyanpilla Raju as Dr. Venu
 * Manasa as Gauri, Bijo's love interest and Dr. Venu's daughter
 * Ramesh Varma as Mayor
 * Vinayakan as Pandi Asi, Tony's henchman
 * Santhosh Jogi as Felix, Local goon and Tony's henchman
 * Sreejith Ravi as Anthakaram Babu
 * Paris Laxmi as Dancer in the song "Oh January"
 * Jinu Joseph as Killer 1
 * OG Sunil as Killer 2
 * Jaffar Idukki as Dog Shamsu
 * V. K. Sreeraman as Advocate
 * Master Govind Nambiar as Abu

Release
Big B was released on 13 April 2007. Amal Nareed announced a sequel to the film titled Bilal in 2017. It was dubbed in Tamil as Manik Baasha.

Reception
Big B received critical acclaim for its cinematography and making, along with the use of few dialogues, dark color tone, and extensive use of slow-motion and musical score, which redefines that an age-old mass action drama can be converted with a unique and fresh style. Mammootty gained lot of appraisal for his portrayal as Bilal which remains one his most memorable characters.

Soundtrack
The soundtrack album was composed by Alphons Joseph with lyrics penned by Jophy Tharakan and Santhosh Varma. While the musical score was composed by Gopi Sundar, Shreya Ghoshal sang her first song in Malayalam through this film. The song 'O January' is an unofficial cover of Shakira's Ojos Así.

Sequel
A sequel titled Bilal was announced by Amal Neerad on 17 November 2017 and was set to start principal photography in March 2020 but was postponed indefinitely owing to COVID-19 pandemic and has been in pre-production due to script changes and scale.

title: Big B (film)


text:
Mark Belling

Mark Belling (born July 4, 1956) is an American conservative talk radio host for 1130 WISN in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He is also a local newspaper columnist, former television host, and was a guest host for Rush Limbaugh. A native of Wisconsin's Fox Valley, Belling is an alumnus of the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse.

Radio
Belling has been with WISN since March 1989. Before joining WISN he was news and program director of WTDY in Madison, Wisconsin, where he began his talk radio career. Belling also served as a radio news director in Springfield, Illinois; St. Joseph, Michigan; Benton Harbor, Michigan; and Oshkosh, Wisconsin.

Belling currently hosts a three-hour weekday radio program, The Mark Belling Late Afternoon Show. He discusses a wide variety of topics on his program, including sports, music, Milwaukee area politics, Wisconsin politics, and national issues. Belling leans to the right politically, and he has been known to frequently criticize local and national Republicans for straying from conservative principles. He has been criticized for his anti-Semitic statements and derogatory sexist language but remains popular among local conservative groups.

Other media
In addition to his daily three-hour radio program, Belling was a guest-host for Rush Limbaugh's national radio program. When doing so, WISN usually broadcast this program twice rather than have someone fill in for Belling.

Belling writes a weekly op-ed column for the Waukesha Freeman. It usually covers local politics or scandals but occasionally remarks on national headlines and even sports.

Belling previously hosted a Sunday-morning television panel, Belling and Company, on WISN-TV (Channel 12) until 2000 when it moved to WDJT (Channel 58). The television program was discontinued in 2007, reportedly due to editorial conflicts between Belling and the management of WDJT owner Weigel Broadcasting.

Awards
Belling is a 2001 Marconi award recipient for best medium-market radio personality. In 2001, Belling was named one of the Top 100 Heavy Talkers—the most influential radio talkers in America—by Talkers Magazine, an industry publication.

Personal
Belling is involved with horse race ownership and has co-owned several over the years including 1997 Kentucky Derby entrant Captain Bodgit and 2012 Kentucky Derby entrant Went The Day Well.

title: Mark Belling