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Ribosomal RNA

Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA which is the primary component of ribosomes, essential to all cells. rRNA is a ribozyme which carries out protein synthesis in ribosomes. Ribosomal RNA is transcribed from ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and then bound to ribosomal proteins to form small and large ribosome subunits. rRNA is the physical and mechanical factor of the ribosome that forces transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) to process and translate the latter into proteins. Ribosomal RNA is the predominant form of RNA found in most cells; it makes up about 80% of cellular RNA despite never being translated into proteins itself. Ribosomes are composed of approximately 60% rRNA and 40% ribosomal proteins, though this ratio differs between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Structure
Although the primary structure of rRNA sequences can vary across organisms, base-pairing within these sequences commonly forms stem-loop configurations. The length and position of these rRNA stem-loops allow them to create three-dimensional rRNA structures that are similar across species. Because of these configurations, rRNA can form tight and specific interactions with ribosomal proteins to form ribosomal subunits. These ribosomal proteins contain basic residues (as opposed to acidic residues) and aromatic residues (i.e. phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan) allowing them to form chemical interactions with their associated RNA regions, such as stacking interactions. Ribosomal proteins can also cross-link to the sugar-phosphate backbone of rRNA with binding sites that consist of basic residues (i.e. lysine and arginine). All ribosomal proteins (including the specific sequences that bind to rRNA) have been identified. These interactions along with the association of the small and large ribosomal subunits result in a functioning ribosome capable of synthesizing proteins. Ribosomal RNA organizes into two types of major ribosomal subunit: the large subunit (LSU) and the small subunit (SSU). One of each type come together to form a functioning ribosome. The subunits are at times referred to by their size-sedimentation measurements (a number with an "S" suffix). In prokaryotes, the LSU and SSU are called the 50S and 30S subunits, respectively. In eukaryotes, they are a little larger; the LSU and SSU of eukaryotes are termed the 60S and 40S subunits, respectively.

In the ribosomes of prokaryotes such as bacteria, the SSU contains a single small rRNA molecule (~1500 nucleotides) while the LSU contains one single small rRNA and a single large rRNA molecule (~3000 nucleotides). These are combined with ~50 ribosomal proteins to form ribosomal subunits. There are three types of rRNA found in prokaryotic ribosomes: 23S and 5S rRNA in the LSU and 16S rRNA in the SSU.

In the ribosomes of eukaryotes such as humans, the SSU contains a single small rRNA (~1800 nucleotides) while the LSU contains two small rRNAs and one molecule of large rRNA (~5000 nucleotides). Eukaryotic rRNA has over 70 ribosomal proteins which interact to form larger and more polymorphic ribosomal units in comparison to prokaryotes. There are four types of rRNA in eukaryotes: 3 species in the LSU and 1 in the SSU. Yeast has been the traditional model for observation of eukaryotic rRNA behavior and processes, leading to a deficit in diversification of research. It has only been within the last decade that technical advances (specifically in the field of Cryo-EM) have allowed for preliminary investigation into ribosomal behavior in other eukaryotes. In yeast, the LSU contains the 5S, 5.8S and 28S rRNAs. The combined 5.8S and 28S are roughly equivalent in size and function to the prokaryotic 23S rRNA subtype, minus expansion segments (ESs) that are localized to the surface of the ribosome which were thought to occur only in eukaryotes. However recently, the Asgard phyla, namely, Lokiarchaeota and Heimdallarchaeota, considered the closest archaeal relatives to Eukarya, were reported to possess two supersized ESs in their 23S rRNAs. Likewise, the 5S rRNA contains a 108‐nucleotide insertion in the ribosomes of the halophilic archaeon Halococcus morrhuae.

A eukaryotic SSU contains the 18S rRNA subunit, which also contains ESs. SSU ESs are generally smaller than LSU ESs.

SSU and LSU rRNA sequences are widely used for study of evolutionary relationships among organisms, since they are of ancient origin, are found in all known forms of life and are resistant to horizontal gene transfer. rRNA sequences are conserved (unchanged) over time due to their crucial role in the function of the ribosome. Phylogenic information derived from the 16s rRNA is currently used as the main method of delineation between similar prokaryotic species by calculating nucleotide similarity. The canonical tree of life is the lineage of the translation system.

LSU rRNA subtypes have been called ribozymes because ribosomal proteins cannot bind to the catalytic site of the ribosome in this area (specifically the peptidyl transferase center, or PTC).

The SSU rRNA subtypes decode mRNA in its decoding center (DC). Ribosomal proteins cannot enter the DC.

The structure of rRNA is able to drastically change to affect tRNA binding to the ribosome during translation of other mRNAs. In 16S rRNA, this is thought to occur when certain nucleotides in the rRNA appear to alternate base pairing between one nucleotide or another, forming a "switch" that alters the rRNA's conformation. This process is able to affect the structure of the LSU and SSU, suggesting that this conformational switch in the rRNA structure affects the entire ribosome in its ability to match a codon with its anticodon in tRNA selection as well as decode mRNA.

Assembly
Ribosomal RNA's integration and assembly into ribosomes begins with their folding, modification, processing and assembly with ribosomal proteins to form the two ribosomal subunits, the LSU and the SSU. In Prokaryotes, rRNA incorporation occurs in the cytoplasm due to the lack of membrane-bound organelles. In Eukaryotes, however, this process primarily takes place in the nucleolus and is initiated by the synthesis of pre-RNA. This requires the presence of all three RNA polymerases. In fact, the transcription of pre-RNA by RNA polymerase I accounts for about 60% of cell's total cellular RNA transcription. This is followed by the folding of the pre-RNA so that it can be assembled with ribosomal proteins. This folding is catalyzed by endo- and exonucleases, RNA helicases, GTPases and ATPases. The rRNA subsequently undergoes endo- and exonucleolytic processing to remove external and internal transcribed spacers. The pre-RNA then undergoes modifications such as methylation or pseudouridinylation before ribosome assembly factors and ribosomal proteins assemble with the pre-RNA to form pre-ribosomal particles. Upon going under more maturation steps and subsequent exit from the nucleolus into the cytoplasm, these particles combine to form the ribosomes. The basic and aromatic residues found within the primary structure of rRNA allow for favorable stacking interactions and attraction to ribosomal proteins, creating a cross-linking effect between the backbone of rRNA and other components of the ribosomal unit. More detail on the initiation and beginning portion of these processes can be found in the "Biosynthesis" section.

Function
Universally conserved secondary structural elements in rRNA among different species show that these sequences are some of the oldest discovered. They serve critical roles in forming the catalytic sites of translation of mRNA. During translation of mRNA, rRNA functions to bind both mRNA and tRNA to facilitate the process of translating mRNA's codon sequence into amino acids. rRNA initiates the catalysis of protein synthesis when tRNA is sandwiched between the SSU and LSU. In the SSU, the mRNA interacts with the anticodons of the tRNA. In the LSU, the amino acid acceptor stem of the tRNA interacts with the LSU rRNA. The ribosome catalyzes ester-amide exchange, transferring the C-terminus of a nascent peptide from a tRNA to the amine of an amino acid. These processes are able to occur due to sites within the ribosome in which these molecules can bind, formed by the rRNA stem-loops. A ribosome has three of these binding sites called the A, P and E sites:
 * In general, the A (aminoacyl) site contains an aminoacyl-tRNA (a tRNA esterified to an amino acid on the 3' end).
 * The P (peptidyl) site contains a tRNA esterified to the nascent peptide. The free amino (NH2) group of the A site tRNA attacks the ester linkage of P site tRNA, causing transfer of the nascent peptide to the amino acid in the A site. This reaction is takes place in the peptidyl transferase center
 * The E (exit) site contains a tRNA that has been discharged, with a free 3' end (with no amino acid or nascent peptide).

A single mRNA can be translated simultaneously by multiple ribosomes. This is called a polysome.

In prokaryotes, much work has been done to further identify the importance of rRNA in translation of mRNA. For example, it has been found that the A site consists primarily of 16S rRNA. Apart from various protein elements that interact with tRNA at this site, it is hypothesized that if these proteins were removed without altering ribosomal structure, the site would continue to function normally. In the P site, through the observation of crystal structures it has been shown the 3' end of 16s rRNA can fold into the site as if a molecule of mRNA. This results in intermolecular interactions that stabilize the subunits. Similarly, like the A site, the P site primarily contains rRNA with few proteins. The peptidyl transferase center, for example, is formed by nucleotides from the 23S rRNA subunit. In fact, studies have shown that the peptidyl transferase center contains no proteins, and is entirely initiated by the presence of rRNA. Unlike the A and P sites, the E site contains more proteins. Because proteins are not essential for the functioning of the A and P sites, the E site molecular composition shows that it is perhaps evolved later. In primitive ribosomes, it is likely that tRNAs exited from the P site. Additionally, it has been shown that E-site tRNA bind with both the 16S and 23S rRNA subunits.

Subunits and associated ribosomal RNA
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes can be broken down into two subunits, one large and one small. The exemplary species used in the table below for their respective rRNAs are the bacterium Escherichia coli (prokaryote) and human (eukaryote). Note that "nt" represents the length of the rRNA type in nucleotides and the "S" (such as in "16S) represents Svedberg units. S units of the subunits (or the rRNAs) cannot simply be added because they represent measures of sedimentation rate rather than of mass. The sedimentation rate of each subunit is affected by its shape, as well as by its mass. The nt units can be added as these represent the integer number of units in the linear rRNA polymers (for example, the total length of the human rRNA = 7216 nt).

Gene clusters coding for rRNA are commonly called "ribosomal DNA" or rDNA (note that the term seems to imply that ribosomes contain DNA, which is not the case).

In prokaryotes
In prokaryotes a small 30S ribosomal subunit contains the 16S ribosomal RNA. The large 50S ribosomal subunit contains two rRNA species (the 5S and 23S ribosomal RNAs). Therefore it can be deduced that in both bacteria and archaea there is one rRNA gene that codes for all three rRNA types :16S, 23S and 5S.

Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA, 23S ribosomal RNA, and 5S rRNA genes are typically organized as a co-transcribed operon. As shown by the image in this section, there is an internal transcribed spacer between 16S and 23S rRNA genes. There may be one or more copies of the operon dispersed in the genome (for example, Escherichia coli has seven). Typically in bacteria there are between one and fifteen copies.

Archaea contains either a single rRNA gene operon or up to four copies of the same operon.

The 3' end of the 16S ribosomal RNA (in a ribosome) recognizes a sequence on the 5' end of mRNA called the Shine-Dalgarno sequence.

In eukaryotes
In contrast, eukaryotes generally have many copies of the rRNA genes organized in tandem repeats. In humans, approximately 300–400 repeats are present in five clusters, located on chromosomes 13 (RNR1), 14 (RNR2), 15 (RNR3), 21 (RNR4) and 22 (RNR5). Diploid humans have 10 clusters of genomic rDNA which in total make up less than 0.5% of the human genome.

It was previously accepted that repeat rDNA sequences were identical and served as redundancies or failsafes to account for natural replication errors and point mutations. However, sequence variation in rDNA (and subsequently rRNA) in humans across multiple chromosomes has been observed, both within and between human individuals. Many of these variations are palindromic sequences and potential errors due to replication. Certain variants are also expressed in a tissue-specific manner in mice.

Mammalian cells have 2 mitochondrial (12S and 16S) rRNA molecules and 4 types of cytoplasmic rRNA (the 28S, 5.8S, 18S, and 5S subunits). The 28S, 5.8S, and 18S rRNAs are encoded by a single transcription unit (45S) separated by 2 internally transcribed spacers. The first spacer corresponds to the one found in bacteria and archaea, and the other spacer is an insertion into what was the 23S rRNA in prokaryotes. The 45S rDNA is organized into 5 clusters (each has 30–40 repeats) on chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22. These are transcribed by RNA polymerase I. The DNA for the 5S subunit occurs in tandem arrays (~200–300 true 5S genes and many dispersed pseudogenes), the largest one on the chromosome 1q41-42. 5S rRNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase III. The 18S rRNA in most eukaryotes is in the small ribosomal subunit, and the large subunit contains three rRNA species (the 5S, 5.8S and 28S in mammals, 25S in plants, rRNAs).

In flies, the large subunit contains four rRNA species instead of three with a split in the 5.8S rRNA that presents a shorter 5.8S subunit (123 nt) and a 30 nucleotide subunit named the 2S rRNA. Both fragments are separated by an internally transcribed spacer of 28 nucleotides. Since the 2S rRNA is small and highly abundant, its presence can interfere with construction of sRNA libraries and compromise the quantification of other sRNAs. The 2S subunit is retrieved in fruit fly and dark-winged fungus gnat species but absent from mosquitoes.

The tertiary structure of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) has been resolved by X-ray crystallography. The secondary structure of SSU rRNA contains 4 distinct domains—the 5', central, 3' major and 3' minor domains. A model of the secondary structure for the 5' domain (500-800 nucleotides) is shown.

In eukaryotes
As the building-blocks for the organelle, production of rRNA is ultimately the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of a ribosome. In the nucleolus, rRNA is synthesized by RNA polymerase I using the specialty genes (rDNA) that encode for it, which are found repeatedly throughout the genome. The genes coding for 18S, 28S and 5.8S rRNA are located in the nucleolus organizer region and are transcribed into large precursor rRNA (pre-rRNA) molecules by RNA polymerase I. These pre-rRNA molecules are separated by external and internal spacer sequences and then methylated, which is key for later assembly and folding. After separation and release as individual molecules, assembly proteins bind to each naked rRNA strand and fold it into its functional form using cooperative assembly and progressive addition of more folding proteins as needed. The exact details of how the folding proteins bind to the rRNA and how correct folding is achieved remains unknown. The rRNA complexes are then further processed by reactions involving exo- and endo-nucleolytic cleavages guided by snoRNA (small nucleolar RNAs) in complex with proteins. As these complexes are compacted together to form a cohesive unit, interactions between rRNA and surrounding ribosomal proteins are constantly remodeled throughout assembly in order to provide stability and protect binding sites. This process is referred to as the "maturation" phase of the rRNA lifecycle. The modifications that occur during maturation of rRNA have been found to contribute directly to control of gene expression by providing physical regulation of translational access of tRNA and mRNA. Some studies have found that extensive methylation of various rRNA types is also necessary during this time to maintain ribosome stability.

The genes for 5S rRNA are located inside the nucleolus and are transcribed into pre-5S rRNA by RNA polymerase III. The pre-5S rRNA enters the nucleolus for processing and assembly with 28S and 5.8S rRNA to form the LSU. 18S rRNA forms the SSUs by combining with numerous ribosomal proteins. Once both subunits are assembled, they are individually exported into the cytoplasm to form the 80S unit and begin initiation of translation of mRNA.

Ribosomal RNA is non-coding and is never translated into proteins of any kind: rRNA is only transcribed from rDNA and then matured for use as a structural building block for ribosomes. Transcribed rRNA is bound to ribosomal proteins to form the subunits of ribosomes and acts as the physical structure that pushes mRNA and tRNA through the ribosome to process and translate them.

Eukaryotic regulation
Synthesis of rRNA is up-regulated and down-regulated to maintain homeostasis by a variety of processes and interactions:
 * The kinase AKT indirectly promotes synthesis of rRNA as RNA polymerase I is AKT-dependent.
 * Certain angiogenic ribonucleases, such as angiogenin (ANG), can translocate and accumulate in the nucleolus. When the concentration of ANG becomes too high, some studies have found that ANG can bind to the promoter region of rDNA and unnecessarily increase rRNA transcription. This can be damaging to the nucleolus and can even lead to unchecked transcription and cancer.
 * During times of cellular glucose restriction, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) discourages metabolic processes that consume energy but are non-essential. As a result, it is capable of phosphorylating RNA polymerase I (at the Ser-635 site) in order to down-regulate rRNA synthesis by disrupting transcription initiation.
 * Impairment or removal of more than one pseudouridine or 29-O-methylation regions from the ribosome decoding center significantly reduces rate of rRNA transcription by reducing the rate of incorporation of new amino acids.
 * Formation of heterochromatin is essential to silencing rRNA transcription, without which ribosomal RNA is synthesized unchecked and greatly decreases the lifespan of the organism.

In prokaryotes
Similar to eukaryotes, the production of rRNA is the rate-limiting step in the prokaryotic synthesis of a ribosome. In E. coli, it has been found that rRNA is transcribed from the two promoters P1 and P2 found within seven different rrn operons. The P1 promoter is specifically responsible for regulating rRNA synthesis during moderate to high bacterial growth rates. Because the transcriptional activity of this promoter is directly proportional to the growth rate, it is primarily responsible for rRNA regulation. An increased rRNA concentration serves as a negative feedback mechanism to ribosome synthesis. High NTP concentration has been found to be required for efficient transcription of the rrn P1 promoters. They are thought to form stabilizing complexes with RNA polymerase and the promoters. In bacteria specifically, this association of high NTP concentration with increased rRNA synthesis provides a molecular explanation as to why ribosomal and thus protein synthesis is dependent on growth-rate. A low growth-rate yields lower rRNA / ribosomal synthesis rates while a higher growth rate yields a higher rRNA / ribosomal synthesis rate. This allows a cell to save energy or increase its metabolic activity dependent on its needs and available resources.

In prokaryotic cells, each rRNA gene or operon is transcribed into a single RNA precursor that includes 16S, 23S, 5S rRNA and tRNA sequences along with transcribed spacers. The RNA processing then begins before the transcription is complete. During processing reactions, the rRNAs and tRNAs are released as separate molecules.

Prokaryotic regulation
Because of the vital role rRNA plays in the cell physiology of prokaryotes, there is much overlap in rRNA regulation mechanisms. At the transcriptional level, there are both positive and negative effectors of rRNA transcription that facilitate a cell's maintenance of homeostasis:
 * An UP element upstream of the rrn P1 promoter can bind a subunit of RNA polymerase, thus promoting transcription of rRNA.
 * Transcription factors such as FIS bind upstream of the promoter and interact with RNA polymerase which facilitates transcription.
 * Anti-termination factors bind downstream of the rrn P2 promoter, preventing premature transcription termination.
 * Due to the stringent response, when the availability of amino acids is low, ppGpp (a negative effector) can inhibit transcription from both the P1 and P2 promoters.

Degradation
Ribosomal RNA is quite stable in comparison to other common types of RNA and persists for longer periods of time in a healthy cellular environment. Once assembled into functional units, ribosomal RNA within ribosomes are stable in the stationary phase of the cell life cycle for many hours. Degradation can be triggered via "stalling" of a ribosome, a state that occurs when the ribosome recognizes faulty mRNA or encounters other processing difficulties that causes translation by the ribosome to cease. Once a ribosome stalls, a specialized pathway on the ribosome is initiated to target the entire complex for disassembly.

In eukaryotes
As with any protein or RNA, rRNA production is prone to errors resulting in the production of non-functional rRNA. To correct this, the cell allows for degradation of rRNA through the non-functional rRNA decay (NRD) pathway. Much of the research in this topic was conducted on eukaryotic cells, specifically Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. Currently, only a basic understanding of how cells are able to target functionally defective ribosomes for ubiquination and degradation in eukaryotes is available.
 * The NRD pathway for the 40S subunit may be independent or separate from the NRD pathway for the 60S subunit. It has been observed that certain genes were able to affect degradation of certain pre-RNAs, but not others.
 * Numerous proteins are involved in the NRD pathway, such as Mms1p and Rtt101p, which are believed to complex together to target ribosomes for degradation. Mms1p and Rtt101p are found to bind together and Rtt101p is believed to recruit a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex, allowing for the non-functional ribosomes to be ubiquinated before being degraded.
 * Prokaryotes lack a homolog for Mms1, so it is unclear how prokaryotes are able to degrade non-functional rRNAs.
 * The growth rate of eukaryotic cells did not seem to be significantly affected by the accumulation of non-functional rRNAs.

In prokaryotes
Although there is far less research available on ribosomal RNA degradation in prokaryotes in comparison to eukaryotes, there has still been interest on whether bacteria follow a similar degradation scheme in comparison to the NRD in eukaryotes. Much of the research done for prokaryotes has been conducted on Escherichia coli. Many differences were found between eukaryotic and prokaryotic rRNA degradation, leading researchers to believe that the two degrade using different pathways.
 * Certain mutations in rRNA that were able to trigger rRNA degradation in eukaryotes were unable to do so in prokaryotes.
 * Point mutations in a 23S rRNA would cause both 23S and 16S rRNAs to be degraded, in comparison to eukaryotes, in which mutations in one subunit would only cause that subunit to be degraded.
 * Researchers found that removal of a whole helix structure (H69) from the 23S rRNA did not trigger its degradation. This led them to believe that H69 was critical for endonucleases to recognize and degrade the mutated rRNA.

Sequence conservation and stability
Due to the prevalent and unwavering nature of rRNA across all organisms, the study of its resistance to gene transfer, mutation, and alteration without destruction of the organism has become a popular field of interest. Ribosomal RNA genes have been found to be tolerant to modification and incursion. When rRNA sequencing is altered, cells have been found to become compromised and quickly cease normal function. These key traits of rRNA have become especially important for gene database projects (comprehensive online resources such as SILVA or SINA ) where alignment of ribosomal RNA sequences from across the different biologic domains greatly eases "taxonomic assignment, phylogenetic analysis and the investigation of microbial diversity."

Examples of resilience:
 * Addition of large, nonsensical RNA fragments into many parts of the 16S rRNA unit does not observably alter the function of the ribosomal unit as a whole.
 * Non-coding RNARD7 has the capability to alter processing of rRNA to make the molecules resistant to degradation by carboxylic acid. This is a crucial mechanism in maintaining rRNA concentrations during active growth when acid build-up (due to the substrate phosphorylation required to produce ATP) can become toxic to intracellular functions.
 * Insertion of hammerhead ribozymes that are capable of cis-cleavages along 16S rRNA greatly inhibit function and diminish stability.
 * While most cellular functions degrade heavily after only short period of exposure to hypoxic environments, rRNA remains un-degraded and resolved after six days of prolonged hypoxia. Only after such an extended period of time do rRNA intermediates (indicative of degradation finally occurring) begin to present themselves.

Significance
Ribosomal RNA characteristics are important in evolution, thus taxonomy and medicine.
 * rRNA is one of only a few gene products present in all cells. For this reason, genes that encode the rRNA (rDNA) are sequenced to identify an organism's taxonomic group, calculate related groups, and estimate rates of species divergence. As a result, many thousands of rRNA sequences are known and stored in specialized databases such as RDP-II and SILVA.
 * Alterations to rRNA are what allow certain disease-causing bacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (the bacterium that causes tuberculosis) to develop extreme drug resistance. Due to similar issues, this has become a prevalent problem in veterinary medicine where the main method for handling bacterial infection in pets is administration of drugs that attack the peptidyl-transferase centre (PTC) of the bacterial ribosome. Mutations in 23S rRNA have created perfect resistance to these drugs as they operate together in an unknown fashion to bypass the PTC entirely.
 * rRNA is the target of numerous clinically relevant antibiotics: chloramphenicol, erythromycin, kasugamycin, micrococcin, paromomycin, linezolid, alpha-sarcin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, and thiostrepton.
 * rRNA have been shown to be the origin of species-specific microRNAs, like miR-663 in humans and miR-712 in mice. These particular miRNAs originate from the internal transcribed spacers of the rRNA.

Human genes

 * 45S: RNR1, RNR2, RNR3, RNR4, RNR5; (unclustered) RNA18SN1, RNA18SN2, RNA18SN3, RNA18SN4, RNA18SN5, RNA28SN1, RNA28SN2, RNA28SN3, RNA28SN4, RNA28SN5, RNA45SN1, RNA45SN2, RNA45SN3, RNA45SN4, RNA45SN5, RNA5-8SN1, RNA5-8SN2, RNA5-8SN3, RNA5-8SN4, RNA5-8SN5
 * 5S: RNA5S1, RNA5S2, RNA5S3, RNA5S4, RNA5S5, RNA5S6, RNA5S7, RNA5S8, RNA5S9, RNA5S10, RNA5S11, RNA5S12, RNA5S13, RNA5S14, RNA5S15, RNA5S16, RNA5S17
 * Mt: MT-RNR1, MT-TV (co-opted), MT-RNR2

title: Ribosomal RNA


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rundetid

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Tony Sidaway|Talk 14:06, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Rundetid

 * Comment. People have different tastes, and this minimalistic strip has a lot of fans (of which I am one) in Norway. My point being, Egil, one shouldn't be too judgmental in areas outside one's own field of interest. This being an encyclopedia for all sorts of human knowledge and information. That granted, I see know that I was a bit too keen on creating smaller articles instead of expanding the one I started with. Suggesting that this article merge with Øystein Runde and that the strip be deleted. I will do this myself in the next few days if noone feels it is against wikipedia policy. Gaupepasser 19:30, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Comic strip created by Øystein Runde that nobody has heard of. (Based on the artistic merit of the example he uploaded, it would seem that nobody probably ever will). -- Egil 06:59, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Norwegian-cruft and beastiality-comics. --Asriel86 17:52, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Mottisfont Abbey

Mottisfont Abbey is a historical priory and country estate in Hampshire, England. Sheltered in the valley of the River Test, the property is now operated by the National Trust. 393,250 people visited the site in 2019. The site includes the historic house museum which features regularly changing art exhibitions, gardens, including a walled rose garden which is home to the National Plant Collection of ancestral rose species and 19th-century rose cultivars, and a riverside walk. It is a Grade I listed building.

Priory
Fertile land and a plentiful water supply attracted the first settlers. The site's name comes from a spring ("font") that is still producing water in the grounds. It was the font around which the local community held its moots or meetings. An Augustinian priory was founded here in 1201 by William Briwere, a businessman, administrator and courtier to four Plantagenet kings who chose to make a public demonstration of his wealth and piety. The canons welcomed pilgrims en route to Winchester, who came to worship Mottisfont's relic, said to be the finger of St John the Baptist.

Struck by the Black Death, the initially prosperous priory suffered from the mid-14th century onwards. Its landholdings included the church at Berwick St James, Wiltshire.

House
During the Dissolution of the Monasteries under Henry VIII, the priory was dissolved and in 1536 the king gave Mottisfont to a favoured statesman, Sir William Sandys (died 1540), who turned it into a country home but, rather unusually, chose not to demolish the existing priory. Sandys instead turned the church nave into the main body of the new mansion, building additional wings on either side. Sections of the original medieval church may still be seen, with the later additions built around them. The 13th-century cellarium also remains present today.

In the 18th century, the old monastic cloisters and Tudor courtyard were demolished by the Mill family, creating the modern appearance of the house's facade. It was at this time that the owners added "Abbey" to the name of the house rather than the more historically correct "Priory". The National Trust speculates that the name was considered to be more romantic. Under Sir John Barker Mill, in the early 19th century, the estate became a centre for hunting, shooting and fishing, and a new stable block was built. The last decades of the 19th century saw Mottisfont let to wealthy banker Daniel Meinertzhagen under eccentric terms that forbade the installation of electric light or central heating. The ten Meinertzhagen children included Daniel and Richard, who built aviaries for their collection of eagles, hawks, owls and ravens. Richard wrote detailed diaries about his childhood and growing interest in the natural world.

20th century
The arrival of Maud and Gilbert Russell in 1934 made Mottisfont the centre of a fashionable artistic and political circle. Maud was a wealthy patron of the arts, and she created a substantial country house where she entertained artists and writers including Ben Nicholson and Ian Fleming. She commissioned some of her artist and designer friends to embellish Mottisfont, always with an eye on its history, which fascinated her. Rex Whistler created the illusion of Gothic architecture in her salon (now known as the Whistler Room), a piece of trompe-l'œil painting that recalls the medieval architecture of the priory. Boris Anrep contributed mosaics both inside and outside the house, including one of an angel featuring Maud's face – the couple had a long love affair.

During World War II, Mottisfont was commandeered as a hospital with 80 beds.

Maud Russell gave the house and grounds to the National Trust in 1957, although continuing to live there until 1972. One of the artists who had visited regularly was Derek Hill, a society portrait painter who had a private passion for landscape painting, and who collected work by his contemporaries. He donated a substantial collection of early 20th-century art to the National Trust to be shown at Mottisfont, in memory of his long friendship with Maud Russell. Today, these works are joined by a changing programme of temporary exhibitions of 20th-century and contemporary art.

Burials

 * Maud Chaworth, 14th-century noblewoman and heiress

Visitor attraction
Mottisfont Abbey has extensive grounds. There are areas of wooded shade, a walk along the River Test, enough lawn for picnics, and games are allowed on the lawns, too. There is the largest specimen of a London plane tree in Britain.

Mottisford is home to the Plant Heritage National Plant Collection Rosa (pre-1900 shrub rose). The roses reach their peak in June and are scented, particularly on early summer evenings.

In the summer months there are often theatre productions outside, and at different times of the year there are specific trails, mainly but not exclusively aimed at children, for example at Easter, Halloween, Christmas etc.

Refreshments are sold at several points and there is a modern National Trust shop, ice cream parlour and exhibition space. A new Visitor Centre was completed early in 2016. An environmentally friendly building, it is heated in winter months by a biomass boiler burning wood-chips from the estate.

From The Test Way, which passes through Mottisfont and around the Abbey grounds, the main house is seen from the rear as you pass through fields along the northern boundary.

title: Mottisfont Abbey


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Tas-de-charge

In architecture, tas-de-charge is a French term, also used in English, given to the lower courses of ribs of a Gothic vault, which are laid in horizontal courses and bonded into the wall, forming a solid mass. This helps bond the ribs, vault and walls together. They generally rise about one-third of the height of the vault, and as they project forwards they lessen the span to be vaulted over.

title: Tas-de-charge


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Talk:Great Falls, Montana

Untitled
I deleted the section on popular Great Falls radio stations. This is not encyclopedic information, nor should the popularity of a specific radio station be grounds for inclusion. 204.120.161.223 17:24, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

I deleted a line about Great Falls having many alcoholics and methadone addicts. Besides the fact that there was no documentation, it just isn't encyclopedic. --Benfergy 07:00, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

Great Falls appears to gather a number of "grafti" types. I've deleted several bogus entries 29Nov2005

Does anyone know who this Daniel N Oretga is? I can find no references to any Daniel Oretga and Great Falls anywhere else. Ralph 1Feb2006

Great Falls used to have some of the most beautiful Elm tress. Like many communities they have been lost to disease. It was one of the most memorable things about growing up in Great Falls.

No mention of the Great Falls of the Missouri or Lewis and Clark?

Removed USCOTW
I've removed U.S. Collaboration of the Week template. This page is for talk about the article concerning Great Falls, Montana only. See WP:USCOTW to nominate or vote on articles for U.S. Collaboration of the Week.--Ltvine 06:07, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

I agree completely with Alansohn - noticed this before and didn't pull the trigger. Good edit... Thanks.Pearrari 11:28, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Undo motion picture addition
Addition of "And has been mentioned in the show Prison Break " doesn't appear to qualify as a motion picture filmed in Great Falls, and also is not verified/cited. Removing.--Pearrari (talk) 06:19, 19 November 2007 (UTC)

Navigation Box
Created Navigation Box for Great Falls. I have little personal experience with Great Falls but thought that it should have one. It probably needs serious updating, but the framework is there for anyone who feels ambitious.

Era
Per WP:ERA format should not be changed without proposal and consensus. - - MrBill3 (talk) 20:45, 16 November 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added tag to http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015-3.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx to http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213224/http://2010.census.gov/news/releases/operations/cb11-cn85.html to http://2010.census.gov/news/releases/operations/cb11-cn85.html
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/64vfLAeJ2?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fwww%2Fgazetteer%2Ffiles%2FGaz_places_national.txt to http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt
 * Added tag to http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015.html
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fwww%2Fdecennial.html to http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html

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Unsourced content
This edit restores unsourced content removed because it was unsourced. Per Wikipedia's core principle, WP:V, "All content must be verifiable. The burden to demonstrate verifiability lies with the editor who adds or restores material, and is satisfied by providing a citation to a reliable source that directly supports the contribution....Any material lacking a reliable source directly supporting it may be removed and should not be restored without an inline citation to a reliable source."

I removed, the material because it lacks reliable sources directly supporting it. It should not be restored without an inline citation to a reliable source. The burden to provide that source lies with you,. - Sum mer PhD v2.0 22:30, 1 May 2017 (UTC)

 * You deleted the content for no clear reason, which is Disruptive. If you sincerely and truly think some of those items don't belong in the list, raise it. If you think the list fails WP:TRIVIA, make your case, but the people who spend the most time on this article,  and I, are very busy people and these sorts of random deletions by drive-by editors are a huge waste of editor resources.  I do realize that you are still a relatively new user, but if you are capable of adding a citation, here's one that probably covers most of the films there.  I encourage you to take the effort to assist in improving the article:  .   Montanabw (talk) 00:39, 2 May 2017 (UTC)
 * I support SummerPhDv2.0's effort to clean up this article. As mentioned, WP:V states that "All content must be verifiable. The burden to demonstrate verifiability lies with the editor who adds or restores material, and is satisfied by providing a citation to a reliable source that directly supports the contribution."  This does not appear to have happend.  I also attempted to clean up this article by looking for the words "Great Falls" on all the target articles, and just two movie articles mention the city.  I deleted the rest, as well as all the non-notable movies.  These unsourced lists litter so many articles.  Magnolia677 (talk) 00:51, 2 May 2017 (UTC)
 * So do so. Here is another source:  . Please feel free to add these sources.  PEOPLE ARE BUSY!  (It's 2017 Kentucky Derby week, I may not get back to this article for a month!)   Montanabw (talk) 00:56, 2 May 2017 (UTC)

 * People apparently are too busy telling me to answer their burden to do much else. - Sum mer PhD v2.0 01:13, 2 May 2017 (UTC)

 * I deleted the material because it was unsourced. My edit summary said "unsourced". That's fairly similar to this edit summary.

 * Yes, I'm a fairly new editor? You've been here a couple of months longer than me.

 * As a drive-by, I'm apparently driving very slowly.

 * I removed unsourced material. Against policy, not a guideline or essay, you restored the material without an inline citation to a reliable source. Though this is clearly your WP:BURDEN you've decided that I should bow to your person guidelines.

 * If I were to be pointy, I'd be reverting your removal of Apollos University and demanding that you ask for a cite and wait. That would be disrupting the project to make a point.
 * That would be sanctionable at ANI.  Montanabw (talk) 01:37, 2 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Gee, thanks for explaining that to me. What else that I haven't done would be sanctioned? How about repeatedly restoring unsourced material? - Sum mer PhD v2.0 01:52, 2 May 2017 (UTC)
 * If you have any other accusations you'd like to make about me, please limit them to my talk page. How long I've been here, your definition of a drive-by, your definition of pointy behavior, who has the burden for restoring material challenged as unsourced, etc. would be lovely subjects to discuss there. Thanks. - Sum mer PhD v2.0 01:13, 2 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Fine. I did this.  And you could have.  Between my last search and using the materials, you have  now cost me time I could have better spent elsewhere.  Do take your own advice and next time don't be such a WP:JERK.  Montanabw (talk) 01:35, 2 May 2017 (UTC)
 * I think I once heard something about personal attacks being a bad idea. - Sum mer PhD v2.0 01:54, 2 May 2017 (UTC)

Incidentally, I'd like to suggest that unsourced, non-notable films be removed promptly. If anyone would care to defend them, please do so now. If you'd like to keep unsourced, non-notable films, I'd wonder why.

Sourced, non-notable films should probably also go. Much as we wouldn't list non-notable residents (even if we can source them), I can't really see a reason to include random films just because we have a source. (If we did, New York City would be several dozen pages longer.) If you feel the film is notable and would like to include it for that reason, I'd suggest you WP:WTAF

Unsourced, notable films? At this point, it should be obvious that they have been challenged and will need sources.

As for the sources: Yes, I personally accept greatfallsmt.net/community/fun-facts. That said, I think we need to rename the section if we are going to use it. Currently, we are saying these were "...filmed in Great Falls". The source, however, says they were "...Made In and Around Great Falls".

The site montanakids.com/cool_stories/Movies/Movies.htm is similar; it's apparently reliable but says "Great Falls area". However, if we dump the non-notable films, there is no reason to use this source.

Since the section includes "Unsolved Mysteries", "Motion pictures..." probably isn't the best choice.

I don't want to be accused of being a jerk, etc. so I'll let this sit for a day or two. If no one has any complaints, I will be removing the unsourced and non-notable films, giving the section a new title and filling in the refs (the bare URLs). - Sum mer PhD v2.0 02:20, 2 May 2017 (UTC)
 * I'd go even further than that, . It's my contention that lists like these generally have little encyclopedic purpose and considerable promo purpose. I'd propose that to be included, one of two conditions need to apply. Either there has been reliable (not IMDB) coverage of the filming outside the local area (e.g. Variety) or the film itself can be shown to either portray the city in a meaningful way (of course by reliable secondary sources such as reviews in the press), or the filming of it had a substantial impact on the community. Otherwise, it's just trivial. BTW, the guideline for US settlement articles indicates the proper title for a section like this is "In popular culture". John from Idegon (talk) 09:53, 2 May 2017 (UTC)
 * John, the trivia issue is a totally different concern, and you can take that problem up with WP cities... I don't know why suddenly Great Falls got picked on when there are hundreds for far more obscure towns and films listed across Wikipedia. was very uncivil to just go in and blank the content without doing any prior research, checking to see if the article was being curated, or otherwise being polite.  It would have been far more polite to tag. People who don't create content fail to understand that we who do are often working on other projects as well as monitoring content for vandalism and so on; it is a serious inconvenience to have to drop other work to put out these wholly avoidable brushfires.   Montanabw (talk) 08:01, 6 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Please discuss content, not editors. - Sum mer PhD v2.0 18:00, 6 May 2017 (UTC)

 * All films in this list are now cited. I personally am hesitant to include movies filmed in Cascade County as "filmed in the Great Falls" unless there is a clear reason. I removed The Untouchables from the list of films, because it was not filmed in Great Falls. Only a single Montana location was used in that film Hardy Bridge (see Inbody citation, and cites on the Hardy Bridge article). I cannot find any references to Frozen in Fear being filmed in Great Falls; the Montana Film Office says it was filmed in the small towns of Darby and Hamiltion. I retained Northfork: Although Giant Springs State Park is not inside the city, it is right on the city border (unlike Hardy Bridge, which is 30 miles away). Iron Ridge is a low-budget film, otherwise not notable except that (as the article about the film points out, with citations) the film is Montana financed, produced, and made (which otherwise makes it notable for the Great Falls article). The Vessel, Reborn, Tomorrow Will Be... , and Who's in the Mirror are all ultra-low-budget horror films made by a local filmmaker (who appears to have abandoned filmmaking post-2013), and could be removed. I cited them, but will allow someone else to determine notability. Although The Best Bar in America is similarly ultra-low-budget, it featured a famous bar (the Sip 'n Dip Lounge) in extensive scenes. - Tim1965 (talk) 15:36, 2 May 2017 (UTC)

 * Thank you . Should we add those films to the Cascade County page?   Given that I had real life work that was pretty intense the last two weeks and am trying to create articles on at least some of the Derby horses, your extra effort is much appreciated.  I loathe these lazy drive-by editors who lack even the common courtesy to inquire or tag.   Montanabw (talk) 08:01, 6 May 2017 (UTC)

I'll add the appropriate ones to the Cascade County, Montana article. (I had to look up what county Darby was in! Ravalli...) - Tim1965 (talk) 20:39, 6 May 2017 (UTC)

Updating photos
I'm currently updating the photos on this page with newer, much more relevant, and higher quality photos. Do not obstruct these changes. If you do wish to revert back to any of the old, outdated photos please have a valid reason why and discuss it here. Thank you! Villian88 (talk) 08:21, 30 September 2018 (UTC)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_over_the_Falls.jpg (missing photo link added to clarify the following discussion) • Sbmeirow  •  Talk  • 02:01, 5 October 2018 (UTC)

 * That is not how Wikipedia works. Justifying changes in content is on the person wanting the change. If your changes are disputed, then the article stays the same until a consensus is reached. With copy, that is usually a relatively simple task, as you have sources to argue from. Here, since we are talking about images all we have is policy and subjective judgement. Per image policy, images are used to expand on existing copy so readers have a better understanding of the copy. I fail to see how a B+W photo of buildings covered with snow does that. There is nothing in that photo that is identifiable enough to provide any context vis.the copy at all. The infobox photo should either be a skyline shot of the city or a montage of significant sites in the city, or, worst case scenario, a picture of a structure bearing the city's name. The existing photo is not great, but the proposed changes is not an improvement. The way the image is composed, the flag dominates it. Cropping out the flag would solve that. John from Idegon (talk) 17:58, 2 October 2018 (UTC)

 * I've requested other editor's comments at the two projects that follow this article. John from Idegon (talk) 18:07, 2 October 2018 (UTC)

 * The American flag and possibly you (Villian88) and/or your buddies don't need to be in a wiki photo. There are bluffs all around the city, so why can't anyone take photos from other angles without a flag or people in the foreground? • Sbmeirow  •  Talk  • 04:27, 3 October 2018 (UTC)

 * While the version uploaded by User:Villian88 is more recent and higher quality, that same photo's excessive grass, gigantic flag, and two shirtless gentlemen makes it appear a bit too "decorative", which MOS:IMAGES cautions about. While the original image in the article is not great quality, it is certainly "all business"...a busy highway and a view of the city.  I have created and uploading a derivative "tweaked" version of the original image, if anyone is interested. Magnolia677 (talk) 15:18, 3 October 2018 (UTC)

 * Let me clarify, as someone who lives in this city, why the new photos are not only a proper, but much needed replacement for the existing photos of Great Falls. First, the existing photos are outdated and neither are of even remotely sufficient quality for Wikipedia in 2018, nor are they representative of the ACTUAL state of this city in 2018. They are akin to an 1840's daguerreotype picture of New York City being used as the main photo to represent modern day NYC. That in itself is unacceptable. The proposed replacements are remarkable in these aspects.

 * Addressing the photo's the following findings are noted: As John notes "The infobox photo should either be a skyline shot of the city..". The existing photo is 1/3rd comprised of a view of a highway and an outlet mall, and 1/3rd comprised of a view of the sky. Neither of those are a skyline. In fact, the "skyline" in that photo comprises only 5% of the entire photo. The skyline is completely unrecognizable and unviewable in the size shown on any mobile device while viewing this page, and almost as poorly received on the standard web page. This is a major problem. Especially on the most popular viewing platform for Wikipedia today. The proposed replacement photo provides a much better view of the recognizable "Skyline" of Great Falls, with coverage of roughly 25%, while abiding by the image policy that the first photo clearly does not abide by. To expand on Johns other note that "Per image policy, images are used to expand on existing copy so readers have a better understanding of the copy" I'll share the following facts with you. The replacement photo expands on the existing copy in the following way (Beyond just being newer, of higher quality, and more correctly cropped to feature the skyline). 1. It includes the towering 30x50ft flag at Overlook Park in Great Falls. This flag is not only a central feature of the city's skyline, but also an important landmark in the city. Much as the Statue of Liberty is to New York City. The current photo omits it entirely, which is a massive error and a disservice to every citizen of the town. The flag in this photo should compliment the rest of the view of the skyline, which, at less coverage than the actual skyline...it does. The men and the grass are purposely included in the skyline photo as well, because they are atop an important cultural and historic landmark which is integral to the city. Not only is that hill the highest point, and host to a renowned Frisbee golf course (Hence the athletic wear), it is also host to the flag, a Law Enforcement Memorial, a Lewis & Clark Statue, an Indian Statue, and is the most important overlook location for the City of Great Falls, featuring a wooden gazebo and multiple fixed lenses for viewing of the city. All of these features are not only critical pieces of the skyline view of the city, but they also expand greatly on the overly simply picture currently used as a "Skyline" view of Great Falls. Parks, as noted in the article, are a very important part of Great Falls. Not a chunk of rolled asphalt and steel crash barriers. The existing photo of "Downtown" has many of the same problems. It is outdated, and far too narrowly viewed to be representative of "Downtown" as a whole, which the replacement photo certainly is. The present photo excludes all of the newer residential buildings, condo's, etc from view.. all of which are an important part of "Downtown" and it's current vibrancy and rebirth. The current vibrancy is also not seen, as the picture is from what might as well be a post apocalyptic era. The new photo shows this increase in vibrancy by showcasing the increased building density, and restored landmarks such as The Great Falls Drug Company, The Liberty Theater, and The Montana Building.. along with providing a better view of the US Bank Tower and it's real life impact on the downtown cityscape. The current photo also does not show the typical snow covered view of Great Falls, which the proposed revision clearly does. All of these additional features clearly expand on the existing copy and improve a readers awareness of what actually constitutes "Downtown" great falls. Both on large and small format displays. Given these facts the proposed photos are a clear choice for use as replacements to the existing photos. Villian88 (talk) 04:44, 4 October 2018 (UTC)

 * When I consider photos for community articles (any part of article), I always prefer photos without people over photos that have people, unless photo is about an event. Anything photo that looks like people were staged or planted to get the photographer, family members, friends in the photo, or has a fluffy marketing feel, I rank much lower than other photo choices. Wikipedia is NOT a marketing brochure nor social media!  •  Sbmeirow  •  Talk  • 02:09, 5 October 2018 (UTC)

 * Just a reminder --- there's no "hard rule" that says the photo in the infobox must be a skyline. I've edited thousands of community articles, and I've seen photos of satellite view, low airplane view, skyline view, county courthouse, city hall, downtown business district (street view), civic buildings, churches, numerous types of landmarks, old historic photos, historic train stations, libraries, museums, city limit "welcome signs", ...  Any of the following are valid photos for this article, as well as others too.  If people can't agree on a skyline, then you need to consider something else.  •  Sbmeirow  •  Talk  • 01:11, 5 October 2018 (UTC)

 * https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cascade_Co_Courthouse_outside_3.JPG

 * https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Central_Ave_and_Civic_Center_1.JPG

 * I like the courthouse photo. It's a very high quality image. John from Idegon (talk) 01:29, 5 October 2018 (UTC)

Hello there! I came across this "talk page" discussion by accident while browsing the main page and was sucked right in to this argument! Who knew such a wonderful group of photos could cause such a stir! I am a citizen of the city of Great Falls, and I would have to say that myself and my coworkers all identify the most with what the "villain" had to say. The present photo is a poor representation of our town, both from a literal visual standpoint and by what it conveys. Great Falls is much more than a view of a highway that passes through town! A good point was made about how most the photos on this page, including that one, are very outdated. Great Falls has had a huge resurgence in recent years with many, many changes to the landscape occurring! We had a massive earthquake last summer, but don't worry... the Milwaukee tower still stands! While the image of the county court house is nice, I do not feel that it is a proper image for a representation of our town. It is a beautiful building, with a striking new copper roof (Something missing in the older photo that is posted) but it is nowhere near being "the" symbol of our city or a well known traditional view such as that of the Overlook Park Flag, or notable sights such as the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Station, Paris Gibson Square Museum, The CMR Museum, The Great Northern Train Station, Gibson Park, or Malmstrom Air Force Base. All of those are more talked about and generally viewed as more important to the community than the court house. Someone also mentioned on here that we value our parks, and I have to agree. Parks are a central part of everyone's life in this town and I think that featuring one in the main photo is a great idea, especially if it also features the city! Overlook Park is perfect for that, as it is a very well known, highly acclaimed park in town (I'd say the best, but some would say 2nd best behind Gibson Park!) for not only it's unique view, but also for its recreational activities. All things said I would have to agree that the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_over_the_Falls.jpg photo seems the most appropriate replacement to me. An argument could definitely be made for any of the other landmarks I mentioned above, but I feel like they are all one tier down in importance on the list of local landmarks, while struggling to show the city as broadly as this photo does. I worry about having something too narrow and not fully representative as a "welcome" photo on our city's Wikipedia page. For a small town of 500-5000 people that might be fine, as they typically only have a single well known landmark like a covered bridge, or courthouse, but our city is over 60,000 people and we have a broad array of landmarks. Although, none are as notable as the Flag on Flag Hill as everyone calls it here. Thank you for your time! -Mary 131.53.128.129

 * LOL, non-wikipedia editors from Malmstrom AFB or anywhere else don't end up in wiki talk sections "by accident". • Sbmeirow  •  Talk  • 21:46, 5 October 2018 (UTC)

Why is there a trashy photo of Great Falls on the main page? Isn't there a more beautiful picture of the city we can use other than this one? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.53.128.130 (talk) 20:40, 14 October 2018 (UTC)

 * I hate the photo of the speed limit sign. Any of the others would be better than that. My first choice would be Central Ave, as it gives some idea of what the center of the city looks like. Courthouse photo is not ideal as it's just one building with no surrounding context. I don't like the photo of the flag, even if you cropped out the flag and the two slobs. Kendall-K1 (talk) 03:46, 5 November 2018 (UTC)

 * I think everyone hates the photo of the speed limit sign, except for john from Idegon who seems to constantly revert community edits made to improve that image back to the terrible photo of the highway. Clearly he has a vendetta against this city and wants to promote an inaccurate image. While any pic would be better than that one the Central Ave pic is extremely old and outdated and not representative of Central Ave's vibrancy or the city today. Plus nobody here views Central Ave as a landmark or symbol of the city. I'm not sure it's fit for the main photo as there are far better landmarks that are much more symbolic of this city. Either a good skyline view, a collage of the many notable landmarks, or a large well known and well regarded landmark such as The Flag and Overlook Park, The Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Station, THE GREAT FALLS (Imagine that..), Giant Springs, The Paris Gibson Mueseum of Art, Gibson Park, etc should be shown. Agreed that the county courthouse building is also not ideal as it's not representative of the city and provides no additional context. There's multiple comments (Notably from citizens of the city..) on here in support of the Overlook Park skyline/flag photo. Logically that should be the first choice. If for whatever reason it's left unused then a new photo of the skyline and the city as a whole should be used, or a collage created with up to date photos. Nearly every photo on here that's currently used is extremely outdated. If new photos need to be taken and uploaded then I will do that..But not if all that work will be for nothing thanks to zealous editors like John from Idegon who seem content to undo the community changes and keep this page in the 1960s. All of the following photo's are good choices that we should consider; (I'll post links shortly) Villian88 (talk) 02:20, 7 November 2018 (UTC)

Other photo in lede
File:Downtown Great Falls Montana.jpg suggested adding a link to the other photo under discussion, so it's above. I'd suggest limiting discussion in the above section to the infobox photo only, as that is all two of four editors there have mentioned. John from Idegon (talk) 02:20, 5 October 2018 (UTC)

 * That's fine by me. I added the comment because of plural use of photo in "I'm currently updating the photos on this page". I'll remove that comment to prevent confusion. • Sbmeirow  •  Talk  • 02:27, 5 October 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 15:03, 23 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Great Falls, Mt Product Exports (2020).svg

title: Talk:Great Falls, Montana


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sigurd ohrem

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 03:21, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Sigurd ohrem

 * Delete. I agree. May I point out that I am NOT Øystein Runde, I am only one (of many) fans of his comics and believe him to be a notable Norwegian person. But Sigurd Ohrem IS a former teacher of mine, and I apologize for putting in this entry. I will delete it myself in the next few days, unless you feel it is against wikipedia policy. -- Gaupepasser 19:13, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Øystein Runde's teacher, presumably. Notability not established. (And he probably uses a capital O in his surname.) -- Egil 07:01, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * As this is the english Wikipedia, I grow tired of all this Norway trivia. Delete the whole country. --Asriel86 17:53, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this article on a non-notable person, but keep Norway. The country is notable, and there are 4.6 million people there, myself included, who don't want it deleted. Sjakkalle 06:40, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think that Asriel86 was suggesting that we delete Norway, just the increasing number of articles relating to non-notable Norwegian people and events that no-one in Norway seems to have heard of either. This is one of them - Delete.  SteveW | Talk 10:27, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Sörberge

Sörberge is a village in Timrå Municipality, Sweden.

The village has three schools, Böle skola for years 1–6, Sörbergeskolan for years 7–9, and Timrå Gymnasieskola for the secondary school level. The local Ice hockey team, Timrå Red Eagles, plays its home hames in the SCA Arena located between Sörbergskolan and Timrå Secondary School. There is an ICA grocery store, a clothes store, a bank, a hamburger restaurant, three pizza restaurants, and one filling station.

Sundsvall-Härnösand Airport (Midlanda Airport) is located between Söråker and Sörberge, so not in Härnösand nor in Sundsvall.

title: Sörberge


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Laiv

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was transwiki to Wiktionary. - Mailer Diablo 03:13, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Laiv

 * Transwiki. I wasn't aware of the existence of wiktionary. Sounds sound to transfer it there. Gaupepasser 19:17, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. A term nobody has heard of, and Wikipedia is not a dictionary anyway. The author of the article has had a pretty bad track record in creating unnotable articles. -- Egil 07:03, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: You shouldn't be too arrogant concerning words and phenomena that you aren't aware of. Granted, I haven't been exactly substantial in everything I've written, but that doesn't give you the privilege of scoffing at facts that are outside your horizon of knowledge. Gaupepasser 19:27, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki. I wouldn't say that nobody has heard of it, but it isn't a word used in English. This word is used in both Danish and Norwegian and is quite commonly used on the internet. Google search indictaes that "laiv" might also be used in German in the same way but I'm not sure. This is alreayd in the Norwegian (Bokmål) wikipedia: no:laiv. Jeltz talk  12:27, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Wiktionary. It's a real term, and a similar term lajv is also used in Swedish.   — J I P | Talk 12:43, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, if it's already in the Norwegian wikitionary we don't need it leaking over here. --Asriel86 17:55, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Wiktionary. Megan1967 06:49, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Wiktionary/Norwegian Wiktionary - which doesn't have it. Established term. Tobyox 13:16, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Laiv


text:
Tassoni

Tassoni is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Alessandro Tassoni (1565–1635), Italian poet and writer
 * Giulio Cesare Tassoni (1859–1942), Italian general

title: Tassoni


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Enterprise Crew

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete and redirect to Star Trek. — Xezbeth 19:24, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

The Enterprise Crew

 * Delete. Notability not established, and the author has a pretty bad track record for creating articles like this. -- Egil 07:04, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, replace with redirect to Star Trek. Radiant_* 14:17, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: This has nothing to do with Star Trek, really, so a redirect there would be misleading. -- Egil 15:29, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, but people who type this in will probably be looking for Star Trek. Meelar (talk) 16:19, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Fails to establish notability and makes no sense, to boot. No redirect needed - it's unlikely anyone will type in "Enterprise crew". They'll either type in Star Trek or a crewmember's name. 23skidoo 16:56, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and Redirect to Star Trek. Dave the Red (talk) 17:55, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: article was contributed by Gaupepasser who feels compelled to flood the wikipedia with obscure Norway-related articles. Delete this, and perhaps give Gaupepasser a talking to.  --Asriel86 18:00, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - the article concludes with "Their influence on Norwegian demoscene subculture was small at best" - that's pretty much an admission of non-notability right there. I think a Redirect to Star Trek might not be a bad idea - if someone is typing in The Enterprise Crew into the search box, that's probably what they're looking for, not some obscure coding group. Firebug 18:10, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Star Trek. Megan1967 06:48, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete without redirect. If someone is typing in The Enterprise Crew into the search box, they're at the wrong website (Wikipedia is not a Star Trek directory even if some people think so)), or they think the Norwegian coders were more significant than we do.  Barno 19:20, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep or redirect to demoscene. —RaD Man (talk) 02:24, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Star Trek. --Spinboy 19:12, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Grusomhetens Teater

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge and redirect Lars Øyno. Tony Sidaway|Talk 14:10, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Grusomhetens Teater
Notability not established, and the author has a pretty bad track record for creating articles like this. -- Egil 07:05, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC) Egil 07:49, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I have had no intention of creating silly articles, though I admit that a few were off the mark and a result of myself getting a bit carried away on my first day at Wikipedia. I agree to the merge. User:Gaupepasser 19:23, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Postscript: There were lots of silly articles created, so in investigating more, it would seem there is some notability to this one. But content really overlaps as Lars Øyno, so perhaps merge instead. --
 * Merge to Lars Øyno and add redirect. Megan1967 06:50, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Template:New Democratic Party

Usage
This template should be included at the bottom of articles about New Democratic Parties in Canada.

title: Template:New Democratic Party


text:
Talk:Southridge High School (Beaverton, Oregon)

Deletion
this should be marked for deletion. wikipedia does not keep track of american public schools. Kingturtle 07:07, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I disagree; if you wanted this page deleted, you should have listed it in VfD.  Blanking the page and redirected is not the way to do it.  --BaronLarf 19:29, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * First of all, it was determined a long time ago that wikipedia would not have articles for u.s. public high schools. secondly, it was decided in the Sunset High School (Portland) VfD vote that these high schools should redirect to the district page. Kingturtle 20:04, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Votes for deletion
This page was recently nominated for deletion, and the consensus decision was to keep it. The deletion debate is archived here. ugen 64 20:12, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Moving the page
A page move to Southridge High School (Beaverton) is imminent, followed by a disambiguation page placed here, unless someone can show why this Southridge is significantly more notable than the one in Kennewick, WA (Southridge High School (Kennewick)). Matt Yeager 01:30, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Number of high schools in Beaverton School District
The number of high schools in the BSD has changed from 7 to 8 as the International School of Beaverton has/will extend[ed] into the 9-12 grades, and is recognized as a high school by the BSD.Twigge 17:27, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

unsourced section that could/should be readded
I'm removing the following because it isn't sourced. Given sufficient sources, it can and should be re-added. "In 2004, Southridge received a series of complaints due to drama teacher Wade Willis' attempt to produce the play 'The Laramie Project'. Principle Gordon shut down the production of the play due to 'profanity and sexual content'. After an extended debate involving parents, teachers, and many students, a specially formed 'play committee' voted 4-7 to allow the play to be shown.  The school was picketed by the Westboro Baptist Church, a radical group from Kansas, after the decision was made."

Cheers, tedder (talk) 00:00, 3 July 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Southridge High School (Beaverton, Oregon). Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20060215114111/http://www.nwrel.org:80/scpd/sslc/descriptions/southridge/index.asp to http://www.nwrel.org/scpd/sslc/descriptions/southridge/index.asp

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text:
Talk:Steve Coleman

Untitled
Transfer from German Wikipedia.

Hello from Austria/Europe

Manfred —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 85.124.20.11 (talk • contribs) 07:07, April 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * There's an extensive article about Coleman (who is more popular in Europe than in the US) on German wikipedia, Steve Coleman.  Anyone who speaks German and wants to expand the English version may find this a valuable resource. However, I've reverted Manfred's overwrite of the English stub with the German article. --Ferdinand Pienaar 07:24, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Hi Ferdinand!

Also in Europe Steve Coleman is absolutely not popular. Charlie Parker, John Coltrane and so on ….. they all never were popular in their time. But maybe there are more people in Europe who are interested in cultural things. Musicians and critics in Europe tell that the circumstances for creative Jazz are now growing from bad to worse in the USA. - The idea of an encyclopedia has come from the European Age of Enlightenment and should be a counterpoise to the primitivism of commerce. So I think it is a shame that even such a panel like wikipedia doesn’t realize a present musician who is called as one of the outstanding characters of American music history by another well known Jazz musician: Don Byron. – I thought I can do something that is more than to codify platitudes.

The article about “M-Base” is only one big lack of understanding, sorry for my hard word! It is highly recommended to read Steve Coleman’s explanation on www.M-Base.com.

I hope I have not antagonized you. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 85.124.20.11 (talk • contribs) 09:00, April 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * Since I'm neither European nor American, I can observe that, while it's sad that many American musicians have to go to Europe to find appreciative audiences, innovators of the first rank are still almost exclusively Americans. So, however bad the "circumstances for creative jazz" are in America, that's still the source, notwithstanding certain talented European musicians.  As for Steve Coleman's theories about his music, I don't find them particularly enlightening, just as I don't find that reading about Ornette Coleman's "harmolodic" theories adds to my enjoyment of his music.  I'll leave updates to the M-Base article to someone who feels qualified. --Ferdinand Pienaar 22:17, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Hi, Here is a link that may be interesting for understanding Coleman's rythmic construction (sorry for my english...). It concerns Willie Anku theory that learn how to write african rythms that cannot be expressed by our notation of music. http://mto.societymusictheory.org/issues/mto.00.6.1/mto.00.6.1.anku.html —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 217.128.152.118 (talk • contribs) 12:20, August 3, 2006 (UTC)

Actually I know Anku and I've talked to him extensively about his notation ideas. Its more than notation though. What Willie is trying to figure out is a form through which the rhythmic concepts can be understood. I could update this page a lot but I seem not to have the Wiki skills together in order to make a proper edit. However I could do it in collaboration with someone else who is more familiar with the Wikipedia format. I don't have this problems on my own web site - hahaha. Aside from any kind of ego massaging the most accurate information could probably be provided by the artist themselves, but again It would be helpful to work with someone else. By the way, for many years now, if you are not doing mainstream music Europe has been the place that has supported almost all of the artists I know (at least in my circle). The comparison of the support we recive in Europe vesus the USA is not even close. This is not so much due to the people but the exposure of the music, the US is mainly concerned with commercialism and what we do here is basically underground. But I for one do not want to move to Europe as many have done because as Ferdinand has said, because of the sheer size of the country there are still many creative and excellent musicians in the US, especially around NY, and that is the main reason for staying. Steve Coleman —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Mbase1235 (talk • contribs) 23:38, August 18, 2006 (UTC)

---

If help is still requested please look at Dim’s forum (General Discussion). There is a post entitled “WIKIPEDIA”.

Manfred 3. October 2006 —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 194.48.239.254 (talk • contribs) 14:36, October 3, 2006 (UTC)

M-BASE?
I'm no expert, but a description of this concept seems important when discussing Coleman. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 207.225.143.253 (talk • contribs) 17:08, October 5, 2006 (UTC)

African-American/„Jazz“ saxophone player
You may categorize Steve Coleman as a jazz musician, but he refuses this term and such categories like many other great musicians of this music tradition in the past. If you read a bit about this problem you see that there is a good reason why they have refused these categories. Of course, his music is in the field that is usually called „jazz“ and so I think it may be okay that he is categorized as jazz musician in the frame on the right side of the article. But we should not bother these masters with our dubious terms and categories abudantly. – Furthermore his music has a distinct African-American character and he himself seems to regard his music as part of a tradition of the African Diaspora. So I think the reference to his African-American quality is correct. There is no reason why we should eliminate cultural and ethnic diversity. Mampf-new (talk) 08:58, 18 January 2013 (UTC)

Allegations of sexual misconduct
There is someone editing removing the recent allegations against Steve Coleman on the grounds of sexual misconduct, which was reported in a news outlet. This edit likely comes from a biased source; can the source step forward and please explain the impulse behind constant removal of section without any proper explanation? This goes against standards of Wikipedia. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.207.212.134 (talk) 03:17, 13 October 2018 (UTC)

I am not the person who has either added or removed these libelous allegations. I am Steve Coleman. What goes against the standards of Wikipedia is biased posts that try to libel a person unfairly. The real problem here is that this post is extremely biased and one-sided. The accusations from both sides should be proven in court, not on Wikipedia. There was no attempt to be fair, to ascertain what my complaint is against these libelous accusations. This post does not even state that I am disputing all of the claims. The only quotes are taken from the perspective of the defendant, so there is a clear agenda here.

'' "claims that [he] preyed on a teen protégé and sexually harassed her during a tortured five-year relationship." ''

 The article reports that "the woman was 17 at the time, while Coleman was 52,"

alleging that "he once took pictures of her sleeping and showed them to her, causing her to feel uneasy," among other allegations.

There is not one single quote from my filed complaint, which is richly sourced, complete with exact dates, etc., all of which can be backed up by written evidence, and accessible via public record. This Wikipedia entry is simply focusing on and echoing disputed libelous claims, and appears to be malicious in intent, and I have already filed serval complaints with Wikipedia. Lance appears to have an ulterior agenda for continuing to push this biased post.

It is one thing to quote a source (that is already problematic). It is another to do so in a one-sided manner, in order to suggest that one party of this dispute is guilty. If you want to post and quote, quote from both parties, my complaint is public record, where both parties are named and identified (not just one party). Instead this is an obvious attempt to influence others in the court of public opinion. Any post that does not present both party's points of view should be questioned. Mbase1235 (talk) 07:09, 13 October 2018 (UTC)

 * These allegations should not be added back into the article. 12.207.212.134 check the WP:BLPCRIME policy for details. — Frayæ (Talk/Spjall) 15:34, 13 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Hello, I complained about this in 2018. Now on the French Wikipedia there is this same problem.
 * https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Coleman
 * I don't speak French well enough, but I was alerted to this by someone in France who told me that I should get it removed. Here is the approximate text:
 * In 2017, Steve Coleman was accused by saxophonist Maria Grand of sexual harassment, accusing him of taking advantage of his position as a mentor to force him to have sex from 2011 to 2016 1 . Coleman replies by October 2018 with a lawsuit and a $500,000 compensation claim for lost musical engagements as a result of these revelations . In March 2021, the judgment ruled in favor of Maria Grand 2 . Grand was a member of Steve Coleman's band and in particular featured on the album Synovial Joints. Mbase1235 (talk) 06:17, 8 June 2023 (UTC)
 * This information is intentionally misleading. The so-called source is only from Maria Grand's lawyers. My lawsuit is still active under appeal and has NOT been decided. I will not get into it here but Maria Grand is on a campaign to ruin my career, because I refused to divorce my wife and marry her. I have been fighting this for years.
 * The evidence that Grand is lying is on my website.
 * https://colemanvsgrand.info/
 * I also wrote a rebuttal in a Jazz Magazine to a 2021 article that contained many false statements, as well as Grand's false criminal accusations of forced sex.
 * https://jazztimes.com/features/special-feature/steve-colemans-rebuttal/
 * It is only a matter of time before Maria Grand is exposed. But in the meantime there should not be articles in Wikipedia that assume my guilt without giving me a voice.
 * I cannot find anyway to complain to the French Wikipedia about this article.
 * https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Coleman Mbase1235 (talk) 06:24, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Steve Coleman


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hausmania

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was no concensus. - Mailer Diablo 03:20, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Hausmania

 * Delete. Notability not established, and the author has a pretty bad track record for creating articles like this. Possibly a merge, but I really doubt it. -- Egil 07:07, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Norwegian-cruft! --Asriel86 17:47, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Rather well-known in Oslo (lots of articles and discussions in Aftenposten). Tobyox 16:55, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I was going to vote for deletion, but Tobyox looks like a credible enough source to establish notability. The article does need some expansion, though, and maybe a picture that transports the idea of a cultural collective better than some guy on a toy horse. Rl 18:16, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:Cbvt

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Hyacinth 07:10, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Vermont vandals
Hi Cbvt - I have been meaning to write for a while as your edits have been so great! Thank you! I'm afraid that my revert on Ripton, Vermont was completely random, but I will certainly keep an eye on that user. I have asked some users with vandalproof to look in on VT pages because they seem to be such a target and vandalism has been less lately, so hopefully they will also catch on. Thanks again for your diligence and enthuasiasm! H0n0r 04:30, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

Geography vandal
Thanks for telling me about the Janx Jrotum sock, he has been reappearing under many names in various north-eastern US geographical aricles.Blnguyen | rant-line 02:40, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

RC Patrol hates VCI
Arthemys and myself are desperately trying to figure out what is and is not okay to put in corporate related articles. We've read over the guidelines for it a few times but no one will talk to us. Think you could lend a hand sometime? Might need to contact you some other way then talk pages though. Give me a yell if you think you can, or just to give some ideas. See Articles_for_deletion/Vermont_Computing%2C_Inc. for more info on what's going on. I'm pleading with them to be constructive instead of just "Spammers!" but they seem to have more fun doing that than actually helping. -kvidell 03:20, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

Greg Parke (DJ)
I have added a "" template to the article Greg Parke (DJ), suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Kathy A. 17:21, 23 May 2007 (UTC)
 * PS Looking further at the history, I see that your original page had nothing to do with the DJ, and everything to do with the much more notable politician. Feel free to ignore the prod warning.--Kathy A. 17:25, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

Alphabetizing Vermonters Category
Eons ago, you organized the category of People from Vermont alphabetically. Do you know of any way to allow all the subcategories to appear along with each subsection of the alphabet? I have a feeling that there is no way to do that, but it is confusing not to have the subcategories displayed first. Thanks. Student7 14:23, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

Craftsbury map
I saw that the reason you sized down the Craftsbury map was so that it would display properly. It already displayed fine on my browser, but I've got a really really wide screen on IE. Could you tell me what the problem is in your browser, so I'm not as likely to cause formatting problems in the future? Nyttend (talk) 01:01, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

Political divisions
I noticed that you had articles on all the legislative political districts in Vermont. That is nice.

I constructed templates for some of the Orleans County area which could segue into these if worded a bit different. See for example Template:Essex-Orleans Vermont Senate District, 2002-2012. The beauty of a template is that the article contains all the pertinent info without jumping to another article. However, your article has info too long for the town article which could be referenced. If we can solve this for the state, I think that other states could consider this.Student7 (talk) 01:30, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

 * For amusement, take a look at Barton, Vermont (& history) to which I just (today) added a reference to your articles - I did it in the template, of course, which changes it "automatically" for all dozen or so town articles.Student7 (talk) 01:44, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Larry Drown
An editor has nominated one or more articles which you have created or worked on, for deletion. The nominated article is Larry Drown. We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also "What Wikipedia is not").

Your opinions on whether the article meets inclusion criteria and what should be done with the article are welcome; please participate in the discussion(s) by adding your comments to Articles for deletion/Larry Drown. Please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ).

You may also edit the article during the discussion to improve it but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate.

Please note: This is an automatic notification by a bot. I have nothing to do with this article or the deletion nomination, and can't do anything about it. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 01:10, 30 July 2009 (UTC)

Category:Andover, Vermont
Category:Andover, Vermont, which you created, has been nominated for possible deletion, merging, or renaming. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the Categories for discussion page. Thank you. ...William 17:22, 1 June 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:59, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Bennington Free Library

The article Bennington Free Library has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Municipal library, no indication of notability, sourced mostly from the libary's website, fails WP:GNG"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Rusf10 (talk) 04:07, 10 February 2018 (UTC)

Category:Averill, Vermont has been nominated for discussion
Category:Averill, Vermont, which you created, has been nominated for possible deletion, merging, or renaming. A discussion is taking place to decide whether this proposal complies with the categorization guidelines. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the categories for discussion page. Thank you. – Laundry Pizza 03  ( d c̄ ) 00:18, 18 December 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cbvt