text:
Wikipedia talk:Copyright problems/Archive 2

''Archived April 15, 2005. sjorford →•← 12:21, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)''

WikiProject Countries
1) For current county/region but not city maps I think that possible copyright infringements are best referred to Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Countries. I've created a possible copyvio section there and listed this one. Can we make this standard practice for these so the right team gets them in their to do list? JamesDay 17:46, 26 Oct 2003 (UTC)
 * Dealing with issues of copyright has nothing to do with those interested in the WikiProject Countries. They should all be listed on this page so that they may be deleted, not moved elsewhere and quietly forgotten about. Angela
 * I'm not suggesting moving things and quietly forgetting about them. I'm suggesting telling the people who are actively producing country and region maps that there's a map which is a possible problem, so they can replace it rather than seeing a map which they assumed they already had vanish because they weren't looking here. I appreciate and wholeheartedly agree with the need for time limits and for central places to manage copyright issues. This page says that things will be listed for at least 7 days. Is referring to a project and setting a 60 day timeline sufficient or do you really think that a possible violation is so serious that it must be deleted within 7 days even when a wikiproject is handling the subject? Can wikiprojects be trusted to that degree to look after their subject when they are told there is a problem within it? Has the possibility of passing on responsibility to active wikiprojects to deal with the issue come up before or is this new ground where there's no established policy yet? If it hasn't come up yet, this sounds like a good question for wikien-l.JamesDay 20:19, 26 Oct 2003 (UTC)

2) I've listed Plock, Poland at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Countries so that project can take care of it as time allows. Barring objections I suggest that we let the project handle replacing this one. There's at least one person there diligently working through maps.JamesDay 17:46, 26 Oct 2003 (UTC)
 * You can say on the project page that it needs replacing but if it is a copyvio it must be listed here and deleted in a week. It seems like you are suggesting it be kept until someone on that project replaces it. Angela
 * Yes, I do suggest that if a known wikiproject is covering an area it should be told as soon as possible after something is listed here, because they may not watch this page. I'd like to trust wikiprojects to self-manage further than that - discussed above.JamesDay 20:19, 26 Oct 2003 (UTC)

3) (from Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Countries): This is for copyright issues relating to countries. I've proposed moving prospective country copyright violations from Possible copyright infringements to this section so all on the project will have them in a convenient to do list to get them fixed as time allows. Please consider leaving this in its current prominent location to make it easy to move from copyvio to this project. JamesDay 17:28, 26 Oct 2003 (UTC)

 * Sorry, but I think this is a really bad idea. Copyvios need to be kept in one place. I see no advantage to having them spread out in different topic areas. This makes the removal of them much harder to maintain. I strongly oppose the suggestion to move them here. Angela 17:35, Oct 26, 2003 (UTC)

Could something be a copyright infringement even after it has been deleted?
I notice that the article refers to material in an article's page history infringing copyright. I find it hard to believe this is really possible. Surely we only have to worry about the article itself, not stuff that has been deleted from it? GrahamN 17:09, 31 Oct 2003 (UTC)

 * See Copyright violations on history pages. Angela

Thanks, Angela, but unfortunately that page doesn't seem to answer the question. If somebody actually knows the answer (as opposed to having an opinion, or an interesting line of argument) could they please state it clearly there. Thank you. GrahamN 23:19, 5 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * Everything in law is just an opinion till it's been litigated, but my opinion is that it's quite clear that: [1] when you make something available on the Internet you are publishing it, and that [2] we are publishing the history pages. I can't see how we have any right to publish copyrighted material on history pages.  The fact that we call them history pages and don't consider them a part of Wikipedia or that it requires an extra click to get to them doesn't seem to alter that. -- Someone else 23:39, 5 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I see what you mean. I hadn't thought of it quite like that. Food for thought. GrahamN

 * It's probably worth mentioning that although it seems clear we have no right to keep copyright materials in history, our liability for having done so would seem to be limited until the actual copyright owner notifies us of the offence... at which time we'd presumably "hand-remove" it to comply with the provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. -- Someone else 23:58, 5 Nov 2003 (UTC)

No, they can't really be copyright infringement: However, the law isn't just about what is or isn't infringement. Courts sometimes give odd rulings and someone still has to pay the legal bills to get to the odd ruling stage and to appeal it to get a sensible ruling. The wording in the article does say that it's for a copyright holder who believes that it's infringement. It can't really be infringement but it's still an excellent idea to invite communication about it rather than a court case! Much cheaper.:) All in my view, because until the Supreme Court rules, you don't know the answer with certainty. JamesDay 07:02, 6 Nov 2003 (UTC)
 * the use is transformative, there's no revenue, no more is used than required for the purpose and the effect on revenue is zero, so it's a clear case of fair use, not copyright infringement (but notice how Someone else disagreed about what's clear:)).
 * it's may be an archive, which isn't infringement.
 * if found to be infringing, it's not what we're intending to publish (not the current Wikipedia) and not what search engines or mirrors use, so it's not going to be linked significantly and the effect on revenue and any damages for infringement would be minimal.
 * if found to be infringing, both the OCILLA and CDA protect the Wikipedia, but not the individual contributor. The Wikipedia itself is about as immune from liability as you can get.

How could this "invite a court case". Haven't you read what was written in great length about? No one can just sue Wikipedia for a copyright infringment -- ever. Because of the DMCA, all they can do is notify Wikipedia of an infringement with proof of copyright ownership and Wikipedia then removes the offending material or refuses. If they refuse, then and only then would it go to court. And, Mr. Wales certainly wouldn't value one article or one photo enough to fight over it in court. You guys need to stop espousing theories (none of you are copyright lawyers) and read the very extensive hard work that attorney User:Alex756 wrote so as to avoid this continued speculation by unqualified people. Mr. Wales has already acknowedged it all. NightCrawler 02:42, 15 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I take exception with the qualification of my contributions to Wikipedia. People do and can have differing opinions. Lawyers often do amongst themselves. I do not think it is wrong to discuss these issues and even disagree with me, after all even if I have made a contribution to Wikipedia it is not legal advice but just my opinion, if people want to disagree with me, so be it. I state repeatedly that my contributions are not legal opinions. — Alex756 14:14, 15 Nov 2003 (UTC)

A copyright holder can go directly to court and completely ignore the whole DMCA/OCILLA takedown process. JamesDay 00:36, 16 Nov 2003 (UTC)

French Copyright and Privacy Law
I have an inquiry regarding French copyright law and it was suggested that I should post it here. I started an article on a French musician called Midoru and added a photo which came from the book listed in the bibliography. This was a limited numbered edition and not meant for wide distribution. I know of no way to find this person to obtain his permission, but felt my use of the photo matched all the requirements listed on this site for fair use. However, I was subsequently contacted by someone who suggested that I should research French copyright and privacy laws before publicly posting pictures of French citizens, so I removed it pending further investigation.

Upon looking in to the matter I found that France has some of the world's strictest privacy laws and the country's constitution clearly states that everyone has the right to a private life. The law protects personal information about an individual and their intimate personal life against intrusions. In France, for instance, the right to privacy embraces "all aspects of an individual's spiritual and physical being". People can decide for themselves how much of their private life they wish to reveal. It also gives them rights over their own personal appearance (for instance, in the way photographs are used) and their own name.

I found the following FAQ on French copyright law and have roughly translated with Babelfish, so you may want to consult the original : Which is the contents of the moral right of the author? The moral right includes/understands: - right of disclosure, i.e. discretionary right to deliver its work to the public or to preserve it "secret", - right to the paternity, which is the right to be recognized author of work, in all circumstances, - right of withdrawal or repentance, therefore right to withdraw the work of the market, - the right to the respect of the work, which can be defined like the right authorizing the author to intervene when an attack, physics or morals, is carried to its work. The author cannot in no case to yield his moral right (it is said that it is "except trade" or even "inalienable"). The moral right is perpetual: the heirs to the author will recover his prerogatives of a moral nature to its death. This may be significant, as it seems to apply to any French citizen, unknown or celebrity. Can someone who is knowledgeable in the subject offer an opinion, or would it just be better not to post any pictures of the French here? What needs to be done to insure that the laws of France are not violated? ( I could just see going to Paris, getting arrested, and then hauled into court to answer questions about the picture I posted on Wikipedia before being sent to the Bastille.) Infortis 02:18, 5 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * If this book of which you speak was either sold or given to people not acquainted with its author (which is pretty much what "publish" means) then it's really hard to imagine anyone being able to seriously allege you've invaded anyone's privacy by republishing parts of it. If that's the case, they've volunteered to lose their right of disclosure. Paternity you can solve by proper attribution.  And the other rights are checked by your right as an owner of a copy of the work to make fair use of it.  I'm not qualified to speak as to which side of that interminable argument this case falls. -- Finlay McWalter 02:34, 5 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * The mentioned rights that I would like to know more of: - right of disclosure, i.e. discretionary right to deliver its work to the public or to preserve it "secret". - right of withdrawal or repentance, therefore right to withdraw the work off the market. Infortis 02:56, 5 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I think Illaiyaraja is a copyvio of or of another site if that one copied itself from someplace else (no copyright notice on that site). Dori 18:48, Nov 20, 2003 (UTC)
 * It was at http://www.raajangahm.com/tmr.html as well, which does have a (c) notice, so I listed it. Angela 20:00, 20 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Online service provider law
Views on Online service provider law are welcome over there - it's the area of law I track and the one applicable to many of the activities of the Wikipedia, including the image fair use decisions here. Jamesday 00:09, 24 Nov 2003 (UTC)

New page: Request for immediate removal of copyright violation
Iv'e added Request for immediate removal of copyright violation to deal with cases where the actual copyright owner is the one making the complaint. --mav 08:33, 6 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Logo issues

 * I just added a Simon and Schuster logo to the article on them... based on somewhat inconclusive discussion at Wikipedia_talk:Logos. Some seemed to feel that the use of a corporate logo on an article about the corporation was surely fair use. What do people think? Is this OK or not? Dpbsmith 02:55, 5 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * While his writings here and at Wikipedia_talk:Logos are not legal opinions in a formal sense, Alex756 is, I believe, Wikipedia's lawyer and IMO has a pretty good grasp of the issues. I feel pretty safe legally in going with most of what he writes about the law. He's a little less cautious in his writings than I usually am but that's fair enough, since he's a lawyer and I'm not. Jamesday 19:05, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Just to note that Alex has objected in the past to his name being used on this page as a justification for keeping things like this. Angela. 19:27, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * If you read the objection you'll find that I did not do what Alex was objecting to in the situation you linked to. However, since you've raised the question, I'll ask Alex to express his view on this matter. Meanwhile, here are some of the differences between the situations:
 * I endorsed his writing, rather than saying that his writing endorsed mine.
 * This is what NightCrawler kept doing as well - saying "read the writings of Alex756" after everything he wrote.
 * I did not say that his writing referred to any specific case, while Nightcrawler did.
 * No, neither did NightCrawler in all cases. He just banded Alex's name around to try and give own opinion more weight.
 * I did not associate Alex with an incorrect legal view, while NightCrawler associated Alex with the incorrect claim that something being on the internet meant that it was free to use.
 * I specifically disclaimed Alex having given legal advice.
 * Yes, but you also claimed he was "Wikipedia's lawyer" which would seem to give him some official standing on such disputes. Is this the case?
 * Special official status (ie. Alex says so, so it's Wikipedia policy) wasn't my intent (just A lawyer was my intent), so thanks for the opportunity to clarify what I had in mind. Jamesday 19:18, 8 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * I was replying to a specific question about what people think and indicated that I thought that the views Alex had expressed had merit.
 * I don't act as NightCrawler acted. Jamesday 16:27, 8 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * No, thankfully not! :) I wasn't suggesting you were, and I apologise if you found my comment offensive. I just thought it might be wise to point out that I thought Alex might be uncomfortable about his name being used in this way. Angela.
 * In retrospect, accurate or otherwise, I think it was unwise for me to have mentioned the lawyer side of things, even if Alex did have that role, which it's now clear he doesn't. Me mentioning Alex would usually weaken my positions because they are actually based on law and decisions, not on whether Alex agrees or disagrees. I didn't think your comment was offensive. Thanks for raising this to correct my inaccurate belief on the wikipedia lawyer front! Jamesday 19:18, 8 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * I am going to agree and disagree. First, I don't think that James has done what NightCrawler did. I did in fact make a statement about logos, they are not trademark infringements in an informational context(not discussed here) and if they are copyright infringments I would argue that they are covered by fair use, as I have done in the past regarding LittleDan's use of MLB logos; so I do agree with James in that regard. However, I do not think that I have been appointed as Wikipedia's lawyer. As for James' other points I am in general agreement with them, he just mentioned me in a relatively innocuous way; NightCrawler made it sound like he had received my approbation before posting my name, James is just mentioning that I have written on this topic, there is a difference. However, I do not want to encourage that behaviour as I am just another volunteer here, even if I have done some things that might have created an attorney client relationship between Wikimedia and myself in the past on totally unrelated issues. That has nothing to do with rendering legal opinions on Wikipedia based on my expressing my opinions which I am entitled to do like anyone else. They should never be considered as some kind of Expert Determination that must be followed. — Alex756 17:51, 8 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Thanks for clarifying. I'll keep my eye out for whatever caused me to have the mistaken impression on the attorney client relationship side of things... Jamesday 18:24, 8 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Understanding Copyright Policy
I posted my first wiki article a couple of days ago anonymous remailer faq

Within minutes the page had been deleted as it was a potential copyright infringement as the text also existed at www.faqs.org

As my interests are mostly in technical subjects, I'm trying to understand how I will ever get articles into a wiki if the case for potential copyright infringement is purely that the text exists elsewhere. Nearly all articles and faq's will exist on the web somewhere as this has been the best medium for such articles before the birth of wiki's.

How can a person provide proof that a text is not copyrighted? There is no owner of the material to ask, and even if there was a single author he would have no legal proof of ownership unless he held a copyright. QED

 * All texts are copyrighted unless specifically placed in the public domain. This needs to be a statement of the sort "this text is in the public domain", made by the author.  The way you get articles into Wiki is to _write them yourself_, rather than stealing them.  If you want to get permission to use something, email the authors, and make sure they understand we want to be able to use their words commercial, and re-edit them.  Hope this helps, Morwen 15:48, Jan 4, 2004 (UTC)

Thanks Morwen, I think that answers my query even if it's not the answer I was hoping for. In the case of a fluid document such as the one deleted, there is no single person who can claim (or prove) ownership. Without ownership, there cannot be permission and so material that isn't owned cannot be posted to the wiki. Even authentic text typed into the wiki cannot subsequently be proven as authentic unless there is some form of digital signature applied to it.

When working in other languages...
When I am translating all or part of a wikipedia article from another language, and that language doesn't seem to have an equivalent of the English-language meta-article "Possible copyright infringements", what should I do if I come across a page that I think is likely to be infringing? This is particularly tricky if I'm not fluent in the language in question, so any comment I leave would probably have to be in English or in a third langauge such as Spanish. So far I've usually said something in the talk page and done my best to alert someone involved in the authorship of the article, using whatever languages I think are likely to be understood, but I've found the results a mixed bag. (For whatever it's worth, Romanian-language wikipedians have been very responsive to such issues, but others - who will remain nameless for the moment - sometimes have not.) -- Jmabel 09:13, 22 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Curiously, I feel the same toward the english wikipedia, which I feel sometimes very little responsive to case of images copyright infringment. I also left comments here and there, and as far as I can remember, never got a comment back :-)

This said, I suspect that some non english wikipedias are currently more concerned by growing than by copyrighted issues. On fr: the number of editors potentially infringing copyright issues is much higher than the number of editors feeling concerned by the topic really. I think it has to do with unsufficient organisation, and unsufficient number of people taking care of cleanup. At least, if you leave a message on a talk page, it is very likely someone will come across it one day :-) Anthere

 * If the language has an embassy member, it might be best to contact them. If not, look at Special:Listusers and find a sysop. Angela. 19:27, Jan 25, 2004 (UTC)

Boilerplate copyright notice
I have created what I believe could be a standard copyright violation notice for Wikipedia. It looks like this:

(SOURCE URL GOES HERE)

 ~

What do you think? Denelson83 08:57, 26 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * That should not be used. It encourages people to replace the text on the same page, which leads to a copyright violation being present in the history. The boilerplate notice has to contain links to the temp page so that people can rewrite it there instead. See Copyright violations on history pages. Angela. 00:49, Jan 27, 2004 (UTC)

 * Okay. I have amended the notice to reflect that.  However, I had to omit a link to a temporary subpage, as that would have required splitting the notice into three separate MediaWiki custom messages.  It's too bad there isn't a variable available in the MediaWiki software that can automatically insert a proper link to such a subpage. Denelson83 01:47, 27 Jan 2004 (UTC)

List of PD sources
Is there any list of sites where the content is known to be public domain that could be listed on this page, so that people (might) look there before crying 'copyright violation'. I suspect such a thing might already exist, so I'm asking before I create one. —Morven 22:47, 12 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Public domain resources and for generic uncopyrightable things. Perl 23:06, 12 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * But just because something can't be copyrighted doesn't mean it couldn't be protected in other ways, say as a trademark or under a patent. Presumably these don't cause as many problems for Wikipedia, but see for example MBTI. - dcljr 00:08, 18 Aug 2004 (UTC)

hello, I copied English texts for the pages of Schalke 04 (from the club's pages) and Gelsenkirchen (from the city's site). Hope there is no copyright prob. d

Page move explained
This page was moved in accordance with majority opinion on Wikipedia talk:Deletion policy. The main reasons for the move:
 * Page titles should be short and succint
 * "Infringements" is unnecessarily intimidating
 * It addresses a larger range of copyright issues, including, for example, copyright notices; it could become a kind of village pump for copyright issues.

—Eloquence 20:11, Mar 22, 2004 (UTC)~

 * Well, I liked the old one "copyright infringements". It is more consice and focused. Copyright problems sound like it include more of problems due to copyright. Copyright sucks in my opinion and the length of the protection must be shortened. But it is a different story right? -- Taku 22:04, Mar 22, 2004 (UTC)

 * I like the change. "Infringements" carries a presupposition of guilt, and quite a few pages get listed here that are not, in fact, infringing. —Morven 07:32, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't like the change. The old one had "possible" in it.  This one doesn't. anthony 07:42, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * "Possible" isn't necessary if we're calling them "problems", not "infringements". I think the move was reasonable. --Michael Snow 17:50, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree with Michael. Some of these are actually GFDL issues (such as owner not agreeing to GFDL use) and not copyright infringement problems. - Texture 17:59, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Hmm.. I don't see that there was any kind of consensus for this change, however, rather than reverting, lets consider what we handle here, which is pretty much anything relating to legal issues with content. Would Legal questions be a better choice than copyright, since this is a better place for things like logo and GFDL issues than images for deletions, because this is where those who pay attention to the law tend to visit most? Jamesday 06:44, 31 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I don't really mind what the page is called, but it's important to keep separate pages that are facing deletion and general discussions on copyright. A "village pump for copyright issues" is a good idea, but it shouldn't be merged with the existing copyright problems. copyright questions or legal questions would be better. Angela. 01:46, Apr 2, 2004 (UTC)

"... removed. Permission given" considered harmful
A recent summary on a Copyright problems edit read
 * Ling Bai removed. Permission given

This wording promotes the idea that when the copyright holder is IDed, and says "Sure, you can use it", the problem article can be removed from the list of problem articles.

This idea is false.

It can be taken off only under two circumstances:
 * 1) The copyright holder executes a GDFL license for the article.
 * 2) The copyright holder makes a credible statement that they were the person who already purported to be executing a valid GDFL license for the article by doing the edit.

I have no evidence that those who summarize with "permission given" did not succeed in satisfying one of those two circumstances. However, they undercut the process by saying "permission given" when the important fact is either It is clear that copyright holders sometimes say things like
 * 1) "retro. GDFL", or
 * 2) "GDFL was valid".
 * It says right on the site that you can use it as long as you include the copyright notice. What's the matter, can't you read?

which means we cannot use it without convincing them we're so cool that they should give up their legal right to insist their copyright notice be right there in the middle of the article. IMO, the instructions should specifically direct not saying "permission given", and should suggest use of whichever of the two i just proposed is applicable to the specific article. --Jerzy(t) 18:54, 2004 Apr 13 (UTC)

Copyright violation still contained in page history

 * from the pump

T-6 Texan was listed for copyvio and then rewritten before it could be deleted. My understanding is that the article should have been deleted and restarted so that the copyright violation text was removed from the history. On the other hand if we delete it now and start again with an identical (non-copyvio) article we lose the history of how we got here. Is there a way to erase the copyvio text from the history, or to make a new article which retains the existing history only as far back as the edit after the copyvio? Any ideas? DJ Clayworth 15:57, 13 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * There are probably hundreds of copyvios hidden in the article histories. As of now, single edits can only be deleted manually by someone with direct database access, and is thus only done in real emergencies. However as the german wikipedia is currently much more concerned about such copyvios in the histories, the abilitiy to delete single revisions is in the pipeline for a future MediaWiki release - no idea when it will come to life, nor if it will be something a normal admin can do, or if it will need developer access, or whatever. Yet I think it should be enough to have that ability once the copyright owner complains, but if you are concerned we can collect such hidden copyvios on a special page like Copyright violations in article history scheduled for deletion, and remove them once its possible without bothering our hard-working developers. andy 16:22, 13 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * There have also been discussions regarding certain portions of the US Copyright Law that permits educational archival of some copyright violations that Wikipedia's keeping the copyvios in the history may qualify for, specifically section 108 of Title 17, Chapter 1: "Limitations on exclusive rights: Reproduction by libraries and archives." Nohat 23:16, 2004 Apr 13 (UTC)

 * This is an ongoing problem. Despite the clear text in the copyvio message, people keep ignoring it.  The only thing I can suggest is that you try to catch it as soon as you can and in the future.  If you catch it after the first edit, then it won't be so bad.  Perhaps we could start having admins protect pages when they are listed on copyright problems and are blanked like that? anthony (see warning) 10:05, 14 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * See also Copyright violations on history pages. Angela. 06:43, Apr 20, 2004 (UTC)

Guide for fair use?
Given that Wikipedia provides a commentary about various subjects it seems to me that images like Corporate Logos, Product Pictures, screenshots of programs/games and the like would clearly fall under the fair use clause of copyright protection as long as the origin of the pictures is the same as that which is being written about. Is there an existing location which provides guidelines of how to use copyrighted images on Wikipedia in a compatible manner to fair-use?

 * See Fair use and Image_description_page. Angela. 15:55, 19 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Image:Saccharomyces cerevisiae.jpg
Fair use claims that this is the place for questions such as mine, so I'll take its word for it. There would appear to be, in my humble opinion, a copyright problem in Image:Saccharomyces cerevisiae.jpg, which is currently deemed fit under fair use. I for one do not see how it would fall under that definition. (It is probably best that this discussion take place at Image talk:Saccharomyces cerevisiae.jpg.) -- Itai 11:23, 19 Jun 2004 (UTC)

"Suspected" Copyright Violation policy
The vast majority of pages that get listed on Copyright problems are quite straight-forward: somebody has found a page with identical content, slaps the template on the offending article, and the only question is "was it copied with permission?"

But what is to be done in the case of an article that "smells funny", but no source can be found from which it has been copied? Earlier today, Staniukovich was flagged as a copyright violation with the source listed as "Unknown, but smells of one." Which caused considerable offence to the new editor who had created the page.

What does anyone think should be done in this case? It seems to me that there needs to be some way of notifying people of the possibility of a problem without the article being blanked and replaced by a scary "Attention! The content of this page has been removed" message.

Perhaps we need a "copyright query" tag, much like the and  tags, which can be used to put a note at the top of the page without removing the text. That, combined with a comment on the discussion page, and a listing for attention on Copyright problems, would alert other editors to see if they can find evidence that the article has indeed been copied.

Reasonable idea? Or daft? —Stormie 00:22, Jul 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * A less offensive/rude template may not be the answer. I have read the Policies and guidelines, if they would have been followed this would not be an issue. If the copyright template is used the page in question is essentially deleted, therefore the Deletion policy takes place and it clearly states "If in doubt... don't delete!". If a copyright infringement is merely suspected then the Dispute resolution kicks in and the issue should be brought up on the articles talk page first. Well that is my understanding of how it should be handled. Perhaps pasting the statement "If in doubt... don't delete!" into the key policy's and prominently placed in Copyright problems page, might avoid future embarrassments and conflicts. IMHO Buster 07:08, Jul 1, 2004 (UTC)

If you can't identify the source being copied, but suspect there is one, perhaps it would be best to contact the contributor first? Then, if they're nonresponsive or evasive, you could go ahead with the procedures of Copyright problems. --Michael Snow 16:49, 1 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Absolutely. The trickiest situation is the thing that "smells like plagiarism" and is by an anonymous user. The second trickiest is the one that is effectively plagiarism, but is still legal, because the plagiarized, uncredited source was public domain. -- Jmabel 16:58, Jul 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree that the anon contributor is the trickiest situation. You can always try to ask them about the source of their work, but if they're not on a static IP address they may never see your question.
 * Is it a problem is someone copies a public domain source without credit? I mean, obviously it's not a legal problem, but do you see it as any sort of problem? It's bad manners, I think, but anything more than that? —Stormie 04:20, Jul 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * The easiest way to deal with that is to find the source and add a references section. Guanaco 05:30, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)

You can always just post it on Copyright problems with a note saying that you're unsure. anthony (see warning) 11:51, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Backlog
I see a huge backlog going back three weeks by now instead of just seven days. Isn't anybody cleaning up here? Lupo 11:54, 14 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * The uncontested backlog goes back to June 29th. The earlier ones are not clear cut - the ones I commented on really need a second opinion. I will start to clear this up - although I've not tackled this page before. I guess the problem is that its the northern hemisphere holiday/vacation season so people are away. Secretlondon 21:48, 14 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I've now dealt with almost everything up to July 6th. Most of the remaining are disputed. Secretlondon 03:04, 15 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Permission
Date: Mon, 26 Jul 2004 16:21:58 -0700 (PDT) From: "David Pentrack" < pentrack at cwo.com > Subject: Request for permission To: "pieter du toit"

I hereby give my permission for you to use this article - "Chronology of Christianity" from my website. The primary sources I used in assembling this list include a chronology by Paul Harvey, The World Almanac and Book of Facts, the Academic American Encyclopedia (on Compuserve), Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, and The English Versions of the Bible by John Berchmans Dockery O.F.M. Thank you for the great job you are doing at Wikipedia.

David Pentrack

pieter du toit  wrote:

David Pentrack,

I really liked your "Chronology of Christianity"! I found it very informative and useful. I would love to use it in a project I'm involved with called Wikipedia, so I'm seeking your permission.

Wikipedia http://www.wikipedia.org is a free encyclopedia that is collaboratively-edited by volunteers from around the world.

I'd like to include your materials in this article http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline of Christianity;. To get a sense of the freedom of wikipedia, you could even edit this without registration right now.

We can only use your materials if you are willing to grant permission for it to be used under terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. This means anybody will have the right to share your materials and update them: for example, to keep up with new information. You can read this license in full at: http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GFDL (note: To keep things simple, we don't use Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts, or Back-Cover Texts)

The license also expressly protects authors "from being considered responsible for modifications made by others" while ensuring that authors get credit for their work. There is more information on our copyright policy at: http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights

If you agree, we will credit you for your work in the resulting article's references section by stating it was based on your work and is used with your permission and by providing a web link back to: http://www.cwo.com/~pentrack/catholic/

Thank you for your time.

Kindly,

P Du Toit

Not just copyright infringements?
I was informed on the mailing list that this page is for more than just possible copyright infringements, so I have modified the page to reflect this. anthony (see warning) 00:17, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Some questions from WP-tr
This is probably not the right place to ask this, but I am hoping someone will point me to the right place.

We have a problem in Turkish Wikipedia. Last week, someone made a number of contributions in a short timeframe. I suspected a copyvio and made a Google search on the content of these articles. The first three which looked professional gave hits. Two of them were from a Turkish government site w/o a copyright notice. This gives permission to use the material under Turkish law. One of them looked like came from a collection of essays offered by a site, though the site requires membership, but upon inquiry the contributor of that page did admit to getting the content from this site. I erased the contents of the page, he restored it claiming fair use, and I erased again, claiming fair use cannot be claimed since all the content came from a single source. I also stated that if he restores the page I will erase the content and procect it (I am a sysop there). Because of my position, I cannot do something and hope it will become policy in the long run. I do not want to be in a situation where I am the prosecutor, judge and the executor. I'd much rather find policy than make it. I think the precedents set in English Wikipedia will be acceptable to everyone involved. I have a few questions regarding the situation, and I would appreciate if someone can answer them and possibly point to a precedent in the English Wikipedia.
 * Can copying content be claimed to be fair use even if there are no additions made to it? i.e., the sole content of an article is part of a copyrighted work. If so who should this be attributed, so if it is passed on other people can decide for themselves to claim fair use or not.
 * It can be, but unless the article exists in a wider context it probably isn't. If you determine that it can be used, attribution should be to the original author. Eclecticology 03:05, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * The editor of the article in question said that noone would claim copyright on it, and he would assume all responsibility for it. In fairness, it is probably true that noone will ever claim copyright for this article, because the author would probably not even notice. My response to the second point was that Wikipedia and Wikimedia Foundation would be responsible by distributing the content, even if he accepted responsibility, which he challanged. I have two questions on this:
 * Does him assuming responsibility absolve all other parties, in particular Wikipedia as a community, of responsibility even if we know there is a copyright violation? Whether there is a copyright violation is a different issue of course. More concretely, can we keep content that infringes someone's copyright if the contributor assumes responsibility for it?
 * Is it acceptable policy to use copyrighted material when it is likely that the copyright owner will not make any claims. For me the answer is a definite "no" but I cannot make the decision and proceed at the same time. I know Wikipedia does not have liability if the copyright owner does now complain, but I think the spirit of the law there, is to protect a publisher if he/she publishes copyrighted material unknowingly.
 * There's more to accepting responsibility than a simple statement saying that he does. Is he willing to give his real name and address so that when the usage is questioned you can send him all the legal papers?  I don't thank that his accepting responsibility would absolve all parties.  Keeping some infringing material needs to be a community decision that applies in circumstances that the community decides.  Personally, I believe that there is a tremendous amount of copyright material that could be used without any problem; the original authors don't know or don't care about copyright.  Still, that's not the kind of decision where I would act alone to impose it on the community.  The second part of your question is more an ethical one than a legal one.  The likelihood of consequences.  The spirit of the law is really to protect the writer before the publisher.  Often, after many years, there is no author, no heirs and no publisher left to protect.  I would support the principle that copyright does not exist unless there is someone to own it (whether or not we know who that person is).  Unless the contributor has enough sophistication in copyright matters to understand that I would act cautiously with any contributions that come within that umbrella. Eclecticology 03:05, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * He also brought up an interesting point, claiming this article would be subject to Turkish law rather than US law. This is not relevant since Turkey is signatory to Berne convention and Turkish copyright law is actually more restrictive than US copyright law. However, it brings up an interesting question. What do we follow? For me, US and Turkish law should be followed, a Turkish citizen posting from Turkey must follow Turkish law, but the content is distributed in the States (this statement itself is questionable, but my test is if there can be litigation in the States due to distribution and the answer is yes) so we must abide by US law as well. Again my opinion is just an opinion and I need a precedent or an alternative policy.
 * Whether something is copyright is determined by the law where the material was published or where the author resided. The penalizing of an infringement depends on where the infringement was published; putting things on a server is a form of publishing, and since the servers are in the United States that's the law that applies.  Our contributo is also subject to the law where he was at the moment he infringed; in this case that would also make Turkish law apply. Eclecticology 03:05, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Finally and maybe most importantly. Should I delete or keep the contents of the article until we come to an agreement? There must be a precedent for this.
 * Blank it for as long as the discussion is ongoing, but delete as soon as the discussion appears to be going nowhere. Eclecticology 03:05, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Thanks in advance for all responses. -- ato 22:03, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Right now there is a discussion involving Jimbo and others on the english wikipedia mailing list. It particularly concerns differing copyright laws in different countries, and which laws do and don't apply given wikipedia's worldwide nature.  It's discussing exactly the questions you've asked above, so I think you should mail it to the list. -- Finlay McWalter |  Talk 22:17, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

How a webpage owner confirms that he gives permission?
How exactly an author of a text copied into wikipedia confirms the permission? (See, e.g., Talk:Florin Popentiu Vladicescu Is it enough?) Mikkalai 00:45, 31 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Assuming good faith is a good start, but I usually send a confirmation of permission to the webmaster of the website being claimed. I keep a relatively detailed log of my progress at User:Diberri/Work in progress, in case you're interested. --Diberri | Talk 02:59, Aug 31, 2004 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I was not clear enough. How a text owner can do this himself, in advance, without being requested? I understand, a confirmation must come from some reasonable e-mail address, but to what address? IMO it is reasonable to have some kind of "voluntary usage grant" policy. This is relevant not only to webpages. Say, a guy types a chapter from his book into wikipedia... How do we know that he is the copyright holder? Mikkalai 04:11, 31 Aug 2004 (UTC)

U.S. Postage Stamps
Moved from report page:

Images of USPS postage stamps. I note from Domestic Mail Manual G013 section 2.0 and this page that "The designs of postage stamps, stamped envelopes, stamped cards, aerogrammes, souvenir cards, and other philatelic items issued on or after January 1, 1978, are copyrighted by the USPS under title 17 USC", and that there appear to be specific guidelines for the reproduction of stamp designs, as with the reproduction of U.S. currency. IANAL, but the casual use of postage stamps for illustrations should probably be discouraged. Tregoweth 23:08, Aug 4, 2004 (UTC)

 * -But also see the wikipedia public domain images page. They make a convincing arguement for allowing postage stamps as illustrations. Sayeth 19:58, Aug 22, 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't know -- while I get the feeling that USPS would allow it, I hesitate to make the jump from "encyclopedia = book" and "Wikipedia = encyclopedia" to "Wikipedia = book". Tregoweth 01:41, Aug 24, 2004 (UTC)

 * Anyway, stamps are not necessarily photographically accurate - designers are allowed wide latitude in making changes. To quote somebody whose name I've forgotten - "stamps do not generally depict a country as it is, but as the government would like it to be." Stan 16:37, 31 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * One example for people to ponder is Image:Bfullerstamp.jpg of Buckminster Fuller. I bought a plate of 20 the other day.  On the left-hand side is a copyright mark (© 2003 USPS), and on the bottom is this statement:

 * Buckminster Fuller™ Licensed by the Estate of Buckminster Fuller.
 * This license represented by The Roger Richman Agency, Inc.

 * So it seems to be an interesting wrinkle, being a licensed image in the first place apparently. I think the image was used on the cover of Time magazine once or something (but maybe it's just a similar design—I suppose the license might just cover likeness rights, which I think are silly anyway).    —User:Mulad (talk) 13:15, Sep 24, 2004 (UTC)

 * I can confirm that the image was also used on the cover of Time magazine in 1964. See

http://liteblue.usps.gov/news/link/2004june25_2.htm

Translated pages of possible copyrighted sites?
I discovered that Panathinaikos FC is a (somewhat bad) translation into English of the content of:

I don't know the copyright status of the latter page, but I wanted to know what's the case with translations. Are translations of possibly copyrighted pages, also copyright-issues? Or since the wording is different (being translations) there's no problem with this? Aris Katsaris 19:44, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * A translation is a derived work of its original. Thus,yes, an unauthorised translation is a copyright infringement. —Morven 22:28, Sep 2, 2004 (UTC)

Are e-mails copyrightable?
Please see John Carmack describes the fight for Doom 3 and its talk for the particular issue. Mikkalai 16:00, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes. Unless stated otherwise, emails are either copyrighted by the author - or, if written on the job, by the company that owned the email software and computer with which it was written. Davodd 00:00, Sep 9, 2004 (UTC)

Watch out for false copyright claims
I've noticed that Corbis collects public domain images and claims copyright. Example: this image (well the negative of it) is available at Corbis if you search for "ku klux klan 1928 capitol". It is also available in the National Archives ARC search. Ydorb

Comics excerpt
Is taking one image or one square from a comic strip considered fair use just as textual quotation? Examples: Image:Asterix-Obelix.gif, Image:Mafalda-Strip1822-Image4.gif --Valmi 04:51, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

If someone has an answer, and they would be nice enough as to be willing to post it to my talk page, I would love them forever. --Valmi 03:34, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Quotations from websites
I noticed that user:One Salient Oversight has been creating lots of articles that are just quotations from the Apologetics Index, prefaced with "The following is a quote from Apologetics Index". I think that this might be a breach of copyright - I know that using short quotations do not count as copyright violations, but that first sentence does not disguide the fact that he's are transferring their content over wholesale, and that their content comprises the entirety of the articles.

The articles are (I'm not sure whether this is comprehensive):
 * Territorial Spirits
 * Golden Sword
 * Signs and Wonders
 * Pensacola Outpouring
 * HTR
 * Charismatic Renewal
 * World Prayer Center
 * Third Wave
 * C Peter Wagner
 * Paul Cain
 * I may have accidentally broken "fair use". I am contacting the Website author and will remove the quotes if he asks me to, or if he does not respond within a few days. One Salient Oversight 12:48, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * IANAL, IANAL, IANAL. Be aware that there is an issue with something called, I think, a "compilation copyright." That is, someone can compile an anthology of poems all of which are in the public domain, and copyright the anthology. In that case, it's OK to quote one poem, or two, or six, but not to copy the anthology, as a whole, because the act of compilation at some point creates intellectual property or something. What this means in practice is that a few short quotations from almost anything are OK under fair use, but at some point if you systematically copy lots of things from a single source you can get into trouble. Nothing about intellectual property is simple. IANAL, IANAL, IANAL. But, yes, to stay on the safe side it is wise to limit the number of quotations that are used from any single source. I have no idea how, exactly, this would apply to a website. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 13:50, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Sandra Crouch

Sandra Elaine Crouch (July 1, 1942 – March 17, 2024) was an American gospel music performer, drummer and songwriter.

Musical career
Crouch won a Grammy Award in 1984 for "Best Soul Gospel Performance, Female" for the 1983 album, We Sing Praises, and was nominated for a Grammy in 1986 in the category "Best Soul Gospel Performance, Duo, Group, Chorus or Choir" (co-nominee Jean Johnson) for the song "Completely Yes" from the 1985 album, We're Waiting. During the late 1960s through the early 1970s, she played the tambourine on a number of Motown recording sessions in Los Angeles, including the Jackson 5 hits "I Want You Back" and "ABC."

Personal life
Sandra Crouch was born on July 1 ,1942, in Los Angeles, California, along with her twin brother Andraé. Until his death in January 2015, she and her brother co-pastored Christ Memorial Church of God in Christ in Pacoima, California. On the day of her brother's death, Crouch released the following statement: "Today my twin brother, womb-mate and best friend went home to be with the Lord. Please keep me, my family and our church family in your prayers. I tried to keep him here but God loved him best."

Crouch died on March 17, 2024, at the age of 81.

Discography
With Lalo Schifrin With The Fearless Flyers
 * Gospel Legacy, 2008
 * With All of My Heart, 1992
 * We're Waiting for You, 1985
 * Completely Yes, 1985 (Grammy nominee)
 * We Sing Praises, 1983 (Grammy winner)
 * Rock Requiem (Verve, 1971)
 * "Barbara" (Vulf Records, 2018)
 * "Signed, Sealed, Delivered" (Vulf Records, 2018)

title: Sandra Crouch


text:
Fred Meyer

Fred Meyer is an American chain of hypermarket superstores founded in 1922 in Portland, Oregon, United States, by Fred G. Meyer. The stores operate in the northwest U.S., with locations in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Alaska. The company was acquired by Kroger in 1998, though the stores are still branded Fred Meyer. The chain was one of the first in the United States to promote one-stop shopping, eventually combining a complete grocery supermarket with a drugstore, bank, clothing, jewelry, home decor, home improvement, garden, electronics, restaurant, shoes, sporting goods, and toys. The Fred Meyer division is headquartered in Portland.

Fred Meyer is the parent company of Fred Meyer Jewelers.

1920s–1950s: beginnings
In 1922, the first Fred Meyer store opened in Portland at the corner of SW 5th Ave & Yamhill Dr. The store combined separate shops under one roof such as meat, produce, cheese, and other merchandise. Meyer's vision was to give customers more reasons to shop in his store than in any other.

The first suburban one-stop shopping center opened in 1931 in the Hollywood District of Portland, a neighborhood he deliberately chose through an application of market research: he would pay customers' overtime parking tickets that they incurred while shopping at his downtown store, just to obtain their home addresses. The store's innovations included a grocery store alongside a drugstore plus home products, off-street parking, gas station, and eventually, clothing. Fred G. Meyer would base store locations on planned highway construction.

In 1951, the Fred Meyer Company built a large warehouse near Providence Portland Medical Center in Laurelhurst, despite complaints and controversy from neighbors and the city council. Neighbors did not want large truck volume in their city, but the area was already zoned for industrial and commercial east of 44th Avenue. The huge warehouse was built to the detriment of the Banfield Expressway, built in Sullivan's Gulch less than five years later. The warehouse had to be condemned and partially destroyed for the freeway, with the state highway commission selling the remaining sections to the Bemis Company. The Fred Meyer Company moved to Swan Island on land formerly occupied by wartime housing for Kaiser Shipyards.

1960s–1970s: first acquisitions and founder's death
In the 1960s, Fred Meyer entered the Seattle market by acquiring Seattle-based Marketime Drugs. Fred Meyer also acquired a Spokane-based grocery wholesaler, The Roundup Company. Roundup owned no stores in Spokane but owned Kalispell, Montana-based B&B stores in northwest Montana and Consumer Warehouse Foods in Soap Lake, Washington.

By March 1968, Fred Meyer, Inc., was operating in four states—Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Montana—and had 48 retail stores.

In 1973, Fred Meyer acquired all five Oregon stores of the Valu-Mart discount chain (formerly known as Villa-Mart in Oregon) from its parent company, Seattle-based Weisfield's, Inc. The following year, Weisfield's leased its remaining stores (renamed "Leslie's"), in 1975. According to an article published in the business section of The Seattle Times on August 10, 1975, Fred Meyer signed long-term leases with most of the 21 Weisfield's-owned stores (Tacoma and Everett locations were not acquired). Some of the properties may have been purchased by Fred Meyer at the time in the Oregon market but Weisfield's maintained existing leases on properties in the Seattle/Tacoma market since leases for the grocery sections (leased to Associated Grocers in 1973) and other smaller businesses within the stores were kept. Kroger acquired these properties from Weisfield during the 1990s and 2000s. Some of these properties such as the Greenwood and Midway locations were demolished to rebuild the locations. In 1975, Fred Meyer opened its first stores in Alaska as a result of acquiring Leslie's/Valu-Mart and changed the Leslie's/Valu-Mart stores to the Fred Meyer banner. As Fred Meyer became better known in the Seattle area, the Marketime Drug chain became known as Fred Meyer-Marketime. While Fred Meyer was building new stores in Washington state some smaller discount stores in the state would lease a portion of their stores to Fred Meyer as well such as The Hi-Ho Shopping Center in Puyallup and the Yard Birds Shopping Center in Centralia.

In January 1976, as part of a pressure campaign to support the eight-lane design of I-205, Fred G. Meyer announced plans to build a Fred Meyer store and motel in the Gateway area.

In 1977, Marketime was renamed Fred Meyer. In the mid-1980s, the northwest Montana B&B stores also acquired the Fred Meyer name.

On September 2, 1978, Fred G. Meyer died at the age of 92. Until his death, Meyer continued to play an active role in the day-to-day operation of his company. Also in 1978, Fortune placed Fred Meyer as the 45th largest retail company by sales. The chain had over $1 billion in sales in 1979.

1980s–1990s: additional expansion and California retreat
In 1981, the company was purchased by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts in what was one of KKR's first major leveraged buyouts. As of May 1988, the chain had 99 stores in six states.

In 1984, Fred Meyer acquired Grand Central of Salt Lake City, Utah. The Grand Central stores in Utah and Idaho were converted to Fred Meyer stores, although most did not receive full supermarket departments until the mid-1990s.

In the 1990s Fred Meyer expanded into California by opening a store in Chico. Plans had been made to open a store in Redding and expand into Sacramento with several sites having been acquired. Eventually, the Chico location was closed and sold, and the Sacramento sites sold; the Redding site eventually became a Wal-Mart store in 1996.

In 1997, Fred Meyer acquired Smith's Food and Drug of Salt Lake City, though both companies maintained separate operations. The same year, Fred Meyer acquired Ralphs of Los Angeles, California, and QFC of Seattle. Both acquisitions also maintained separate operations with Fred Meyer as the holding company. In that fast string of mergers, Fred Meyer quickly became the nation's fifth largest food and drug store operator.

In 1997, Fred Meyer converted its Columbia Falls and Kalispell stores in Montana into Smith's Food & Drug Stores and closed its Polson location. In 2001, the Kalispell store was demolished and replaced with a newer Smith's location adjacent to the older, obsolete store. The Columbia Falls store retained the Fred Meyer decor (with Smith's logos over the old Fred Meyer logos) but only contained a grocery department, with none of the other departments or product offerings.

In 1998, Fred Meyer was acquired by Kroger of Cincinnati, Ohio. Before the acquisition, it traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol FMY.

2000s–2010s: Fred Meyer as a Kroger subsidiary
In 2000, the Arizona Fred Meyer stores, all of which were formerly Smith's stores that Fred Meyer acquired in the Smith's merger, were rebranded as Fry's Marketplace. In 2004, Smith's Food and Drug assumed the operations of the Utah Fred Meyer stores, which were rebranded as Smith's Marketplace. Also, since the acquisition of the Fred Meyer Company, Kroger has been unifying standards across the company, adopting many of the Fred Meyer store standards, and implementing their own standards to the Fred Meyer stores. Kroger and Fred Meyer stores are slowly becoming more similar in management and merchandising.

Additionally, one Fred Meyer in Seattle in the Capitol Hill neighborhood merged its operations with QFC which had a grocery store across the street from the Broadway Market. This particular Fred Meyer, probably the smallest one in the chain, had only personal care and home health items, along with general merchandise, but no food or apparel. This store is now a QFC Marketplace, the only one of its kind, but it is not signed as such.

In March 2018, Fred Meyer dropped guns and ammunition from product offering. Shortly before the discontinuation, it limited the sale to 21 and over.

Rewards program
On May 4, 2004, Fred Meyer introduced Fred Meyer Rewards, a program that rewards customers for shopping in their stores. To participate, a customer completes a registration form and receives three purple cards (a credit card-sized card and two key tags). When the program was introduced, participating customers received one point for every $5 they spent in a single transaction (transactions totaling under $5 did not receive a point). If a customer earned 100 points (spending at least $500) during a 13-week rewards cycle, they would receive about $5 in rebate vouchers. The rewards mailer also typically included percentage discount coupons on specific items.

On April 29, 2007, the company revised the program somewhat, simultaneously with the launch of their Fred Meyer Rewards MasterCard. Effective on that date (which was the beginning of a 13-week cycle), customers receive a point for each dollar spent, but the value of each point decreased proportionally, and a customer must earn 500 points in a 13-week rewards cycle to receive a rebate voucher. Customers who use the MasterCard version of Rewards earn double points at Fred Meyer (2 points per dollar spent), and single points everywhere else where MasterCard is accepted (1 point per dollar spent).

Plastic bag ban
In July 2010, Fred Meyer announced that effective August 1, it would no longer offer plastic bags at any of its 10 Portland stores, due to their negative environmental impacts. Until the City of Portland banned the use of plastic bags in grocery and certain big box stores in October 2011, Fred Meyer was the largest retail chain in the Portland metropolitan area to adopt such a policy. A spokesperson indicated that an increasing number of the chain's customers have been choosing to use reusable bags, noting that Fred Meyer's own sales of such bags at its check stands had increased 30 percent from 2008 to 2009.

Gun and ammunition policy
In March 2018, Fred Meyer announced it would cease the sale of all firearms and ammunition to people under the age of 21, as a response to the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting. Later that month, it was announced that the ban would be extended to sales of firearms in general. Additionally, the company stopped selling magazines that feature "assault rifles", although the company did not specify how it would screen publications.

title: Fred Meyer


text:
Kapellskär

Kapellskär is a port about 90 km north of Stockholm, in Sweden. It is located by the Baltic Sea, in Norrtälje Municipality, Stockholm County.

Services
The port is served by frequent passenger ferry services to Mariehamn, Åland, Finland, operated by Viking Line, with three services per day and direction during peak season. There are also services to Naantali in mainland Finland operated by Finnlink, and to Paldiski in Estonia operated by Tallink and DFDS, although only the Mariehamn route is open to pedestrians: the Naantali and DFDS Paldiski routes require a vehicle.

title: Kapellskär


text:
User talk:Mead129

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, Articles for deletion page etc.) use 	 ~ (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the test area.
 * You can get help at the Help Desk
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk to me

SP
The SP in GBA SP does not stand for Special Project, it stands for Special. Please stop changing it. ✏ Oven Fresh ²  19:44, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Woodley Methodist Church

A tag has been placed on Woodley Methodist Church requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about an organization or company, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, contest the deletion by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". Doing so will take you to the talk page where you will find a pre-formatted place for you to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. Karl 334  ☞ TALK to ME ☜  20:20, 10 January 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mead129


text:
Augustine Webster

Augustine Webster, O.Cart (died 4 May 1535) was an English Catholic martyr. He was the prior of Our Lady of Melwood, a Carthusian house at Epworth, on the Isle of Axholme, in north Lincolnshire, in 1531. His feast day is 4 May.

Background
At the outbreak of the English Reformation, England had ten of these hermitage-monasteries. In English they are commonly called "Charterhouses," from the French name for the location of their first foundation, in the mountainous area of the "La Chartreuse". The Carthusians were held in the highest esteem. The government was at first anxious to secure the public acquiescence of the monks of the London Charterhouse regarding royal supremacy in ecclesiastical matters; since for the austerity and sincerity of their mode of life they enjoyed great prestige.

Life
Augustine Webster was educated at Cambridge University, and became a monk at the Charterhouse of Sheen. In 1531 he became prior of Our Lady of Melwood, a Carthusian house at Epworth, on the Isle of Axholme.

In February 1535, he was on a visit to the London Charterhouse with his fellow prior, Robert Lawrence of Beauvale, to consult the prior of London, John Houghton about the approach to be taken by the Carthusians with regard to the religious policies of Henry VIII.

They resolved to go together to Cromwell, the King's Vicar-General, to represent their sincere loyalty, but to petition to be exempted from a requirement that would violate their conscience. Cromwell was unsympathetic.

Trial
Sometime around the middle of April 1535, Webster, and fellow Carthusians, Houghton and Lawrence were imprisoned in the Tower on the orders of Thomas Cromwell for refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy.

They were soon joined by Bridgettine Richard Reynolds. All four were examined together and charged for their denial of the royal supremacy. The trial took place 28 April. They pleaded "not guilty" to the charge of treason and were led back to prison. The jury deliberated all day, and when Cromwell sent to inquire the cause of the delay, it was intimated that they would find the men innocent. Despite threats, the jury refused to return a guilty verdict until Cromwell appeared before them in person. All four were hanged, beheaded and quartered at Tyburn on 4 May 1535.

Veneration
Augustine Webster was one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales canonized by Pope Paul VI.

There are stained glass windows of the martyr in the following churches:

 * Holy Souls Church in Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire
 * Our Lady and the English Martyrs, Hills Road, Cambridge
 * St Etheldreda's Church in Ely Place
 * St Mary's Roman Catholic Church, Bridge Gate, Derby
 * Roman Catholic Parish of St. Mary and St. Augustine Webster, Barton-upon-Humber

St. Augustine Webster Catholic Voluntary Academy in North Lincolnshire is named after him.

Roman Catholic Parish of St. Mary and St. Augustine Webster is named after him.

title: Augustine Webster


text:
User talk:Minaflorida

Terri Schiavo
Thanks for catching the date error left by VKokielov. I forgot to revert his change. --Viriditas | Talk 12:26, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Minaflorida, thank you for your support. I'm not some half-brained, teenager using his parents' computer to terrorize the internet, and yes I am taking it personally. If you'd like, you can email me at LRod@pobox.com and/or visit my website at woodbutcher.net Non-commercial; probably somewhat of a blog now, but I don't think that word had been invented when I first put it up in '98. I don't know if your name indicates you're in Florida, but I am; Ormond Beach. LRod 216.76.216.208 04:09, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Minaflorida


text:
BoySetsFire

BoySetsFire is an American post-hardcore band from Newark, Delaware. Formed in October 1994, BoySetsFire is composed of guitarists Chad Istvan and Josh Latshaw, vocalist Nathan Gray, drummer Jared Shavelson, and bassists Chris Rakus and Robert Ehrenbrand. Their lyrical themes are politically driven.

Biography
BoySetsFire released their first demo albums in late 1994 and early 1995. In 1996, the band released their first EP, This Crying, This Screaming, My Voice Is Being Born. In 1997, they signed a contract with Initial Records and recorded their first album, The Day the Sun Went Out.

In 1999, their second album, After the Eulogy was recorded, and BoySetsFire went on tour with Snapcase, as well as on Vans Warped tour. BoySetsFire then released a split-EP with Snapcase in 1999, as well as the Crush 'Em All Vol. 1 Metallica tribute with Shai Hulud for Undecided Records, and another with Coalesce in 2000. Their former bassist was replaced by Rob Avery. After being signed to Victory Records, the band moved to Wind-Up, an independent label distributed by Sony in the US. Tomorrow Come Today was then released in 2003.

Following a dispute with Wind-Up, in 2005 the band signed to the independent record label Burning Heart Records for worldwide distribution and Equal Vision Records for North American distribution. The album The Misery Index: Notes from the Plague Years got released in March 2006.

Brief hiatus
On July 31, 2006, the band informed the fans about its retirement through their official website. There was a farewell European tour in late summer; however, guitarist Josh Latshaw severely injured himself prior to its start. As a result, the band played those shows with roadie Chris "The Reverend" Rakus at the guitar instead, but returned to Europe in May 2007 to give Latshaw the chance to say goodbye to the European fans.

The band's final performance took place on June 9, 2007, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the Trocadero Theatre. A DVD has been released of this show in its entirety as well as parts of the final European tour.

On February 12, 2007, lead vocalist Nathan Gray announced that they were forming a new band by the name of The Casting Out. While the band includes several former members of BoySetsFire, Gray informed fans that it would not be another political band.

Drummer Matt Krupanski went on to form new bands Bound and Buried and Young Lady, the latter which included future BoySetsFire bassist, Marc Krupanski (formerly of Dear Tonight, Midvale, Eldritch Anisette, Dorian Gray, and Network 34), as well as two other Delaware natives, including members from Joshua Fit for Battle.

Reunion
BoySetsFire announced their reunion on their website and official Facebook page on October 5, 2010. Tour venues were Berlin, the Groezrock Festival in Belgium, the Studio at Webster Hall and the Nova Rock Festival in Nickelsdorf, Austria. In August 2011, they played in the UK at the Reading & Leeds Festival. In November 2011, via the band's official Facebook page, the band announced Robert Ehrenbrand had left the band. The band then announced that Marc Krupanski officially joined as the new bassist.

The band recorded 5 new songs in the summer of 2012 with two of them scheduled to be released on Magic Bullet Records as a vinyl 7" record. In 2012, five shows were played in the U.S.: two in January 2012 (one in their hometown of Newark, Delaware and the other in West Chester, Pennsylvania), one in Boston, one in Providence, and one and at The Bamboozle Festival in Asbury Park, New Jersey in May 2012. They then conducted a three-week tour in July–August 2012 in Europe. In December 2012 via the band's official Facebook page, it was announced that both Matt and Marc Krupanski had left the band. A few days later, it was announced that Chris Rakus and Robert Ehrenbrand would share bass player duties. Dan Pelic joined as drummer.

In June 2013, the band released a two-song EP featuring brothers Matt and Marc Krupanski, as well as a fifth album, While a Nation Sleeps..., which featured new and previously unreleased songs re-recorded by Dan Pelic and Robert Ehrenbrand. It was well-received, especially in the German album charts, where it reached #22. A European Tour was carried out in June and July 2013, including concerts at Hurricane and Southside Festival, with additional shows being played in Dortmund, Stuttgart and Hamburg in October 2013. In November and December 2013, the band toured Australia and in April 2014 gave concerts in the UK. The band returned to Europe for summer and, in celebration of its 20th anniversary, announced shows in Hamburg, Cologne, Berlin and Vienna in October 2014.

In September 2015, the band released their self-titled sixth album. This was followed by a European tour to support the album with Silverstein and Great Collapse. In Summer 2016, they went on a European tour with Polar and Wolf Down before taking a break in order to focus on other musical projects.

Current members

 * Nathan Gray – lead vocals, keyboards (1994–2007, 2010–present)
 * Josh Latshaw – guitar, backing vocals (1994–2007, 2010–present)
 * Chad Istvan – guitar, backing vocals (1994–2007, 2010–present)
 * Robert Ehrenbrand – bass (2004–2007, 2010–2011, 2012–present)
 * Jared Shavelson – drums (2013–present)

Former members

 * Darrell Hyde – bass (1994–1999)
 * Rob Avery – bass (1999–2004)
 * Marc Krupanski – bass (2011–2012)
 * Matt Krupanski – drums (1994–2007, 2010–2012)
 * Dan Pelic – drums (2012–2013)

Discography
Over the years, Boysetsfire have released records through Magic Bullet, Conquer the World, Deathwish Inc, Initial, Hydra Head, Victory, Wind-Up, Equal Vision, and Burning Heart. They have released split-EPs with Coalesce, Shai Hulud, Snapcase, Funeral for a Friend, and KMPFSPRT.

Studio albums

 * 1997: The Day the Sun Went Out
 * 2000: After the Eulogy
 * 2003: Tomorrow Come Today
 * 2006: The Misery Index: Notes from the Plague-Years
 * 2013: While a Nation Sleeps...
 * 2015: Boysetsfire

EPs

 * 1994: Boysetsfire
 * 1995: Premonition, Change, Revolt
 * 1996: Consider
 * 1996: This Crying, this Screaming, my Voice is being born
 * 1998: In Chrysalis
 * 1999: Snapcase vs. Boysetsfire (split)
 * 2000: Crush 'Em All Vol. 1 (Boysetsfire/Shai Hulud split)
 * 2000: Coalesce / Boysetsfire (split)
 * 2001: Suckerpunch Training
 * 2013: Bled dry
 * 2013: The Casting-out
 * 2014: Split 7" (Boysetsfire/Funeral For A Friend)
 * 2015: Split 10" (Boysetsfire/KMPFSPRT)

Compilations and other appearances

 * 1995: Dad, I Can't Breathe (Creep Records compilation)
 * 1997: For the Kids (7" benefit compilation, including an earlier version of BSF song "With Cold Eyes". Other bands include "The Weak Link Breaks", "By the Grace of God" and "Dorian Gray" which featured other Delaware natives including future members of Boysetsfire, Rob Avery and Marc Krupanski. Released by Diffusion Records)
 * 2003: Daredevil: The Album (soundtrack to the original motion picture, LP)
 * 2005: Before the Eulogy (B-sides and rarities CD)

One of their songs, "Handful of Redemption", is featured on the video games Tiger Woods '03 and MVP Baseball '03 by EA Sports. Their song "Rookie" from the After the Eulogy album was featured on the Legends of Wrestling video game. "Rookie" from After the Eulogy and "Handful of Redemption" from the Tomorrow Come Today album were also featured in the video game 1080° Avalanche. Additionally, their song "High Wire Escape Artist" is featured on the soundtrack to The Daredevil motion picture. The soundtrack record, released by Wind-up Records, is the band's first and only gold record.

Live recordings

 * 2002: Live for Today (EP)
 * 2009: Farewell Show (DVD)

Music videos

 * 2003: Last Year's Nest
 * 2005: Dear George
 * 2006: Requiem
 * 2013: Bled dry
 * 2013: Closure
 * 2013: Never said
 * 2015: One Match

title: BoySetsFire


text:
Ignacio Agramonte

Ignacio Agramonte y Loynaz (23 December 1841 – 11 May 1873) was a Cuban revolutionary, who played an important part in the Ten Years' War (1868–1878).

Biography
Born in Puerto del Príncipe (today known as Camagüey) on December 23, 1841, to a wealthy family with roots in Navarre. His father, also named Ignacio Agramonte, had been appointed by the Spanish Crown councillor of the Puerto del Príncipe City Council. Ignacio Jr. studied law at the universities of Barcelona, Madrid, and Havana. On June 11, 1865, he graduated as a lawyer.

He returned to Puerto del Príncipe and married Amalia Simoni y Argilagos in August 1868, a woman who was the love of his life and whose family had considerably more wealth than his own.

Agramonte stood tall at 6'2". He had fine brown hair, pale skin, and was an expert horseman and fencer. He had a fine moustache and not thick or bushy like it appears in many portraits.

When the war of independence against Spain broke out on October 10, 1868, he played a pivotal role in the uprising of Camagüey which took place on November 4, 1868. Agramonte himself joined the war a week later, on November 11, 1868.

His wife followed him in the struggle, but was captured on May 26, 1870, while pregnant with her second child, who was born in the United States and never met his father.

Despite its privileged social position and his many ties to Spain, Agramonte became one of the most radicalized leaders in central Cuba. At a conference with other leaders who were trying to make amends with Spain, Agramonte made clear his opinion: "Stop at once all the lobbying, the awkward delays, and the humiliating demands: Cuba's only option is to gain its redemption by tearing itself from Spain through armed force."

In February 1869, he and Antonio Zambrana were elected secretaries of the rebel self-entitled Government of the center. He was subsequently elected a member and one of two secretaries of the Cuban Congress in Arms. He was among the five signatories of the act that abolished slavery in the area of Camagüey on February 26, 1869. Freed slaves who were physically fit were forced to join the rebel army, while those who were not were forced to keep working for their former owners, who in their turn were compensated for the loss of property. Agramonte was the driving force in the drafting of the Guáimaro Constitution (passed on April 10, 1869), the first constitution promulgated by Cuban rebel governments.

He resigned his secretarial and ministerial position within the Congress after Carlos Manuel de Céspedes was made president that same year because Agramonte had strong political disagreements with him. While Céspedes advocated for strong presidential powers, Agramonte defended a parliamentarian system.

He went on to become Major General of the Cuban forces for the military district of the province of Camagüey, where he organized the best cavalry troops of the Cuban rebel army. Showing great vision, in spite of his lack of formal military training, his troops proved a huge challenge for the Spanish Army. Due to his fighting skills in battle and also his cruelty he began to be known as "The Young Bolívar".

According to the press, on October 26, 1871, he executed six persons of his own forces whom he suspected wanted to give up and surrender to the Spanish authorities. One of them was a woman, wife to one of Agramonte's soldiers, whom he accused of trying to convince his husband to give up the fight.

Agramonte capped his impressive list of military achievements when, on October 8, 1871, he led a daring rescue. His commander, Julio Sanguily, was taken prisoner by more than 120 light cavalry while visiting a farm. Agramonte ordered 35 of his exhausted troops to mount up and track down the Spaniards. He personally led a furious charge, successfully rescuing Sanguily and routing the enemy troops, killing 11 and taking five prisoners. On May 7, 1873, he led a machete charge at Cocal del Olimpo against a column of around 100 Spanish soldiers (led by Cuban-born lieutenant colonel Leonardo Abril), of whom 47 were killed in combat.

Ignacio Agramonte was killed at the Battle of Jimaguayú on May 11, 1873, where he was struck on the head by a stray bullet. The Spanish soldiers stole his wallet and papers. When their officers realized who they had killed, they went back and took the body with them to the Puerto del Príncipe. His body was cremated by the Spanish authorities in Camagüey for fear that his troops would assault the city to recover the remnants of his body.

Brigadier General Henry Reeve, a volunteer from the U.S. and commander of his Cavalry Corps, nicknamed him "El Mayor", implying that Agramonte was the best of all the Cuban Major Generals. Máximo Gómez succeeded him as Chief Military Commander of the military district of the province of Camagüey.

Agramonte used a Colt revolver, Navy model 1851, inlaid with ivory and gold. He used several machetes and sabres, and was carrying a sabre taken from a Spanish colonel at the time of his death. Most of his descendants lived in Camagüey until the early 1960s, when most of them went into exile as a result of the triumph of the Cuban Revolution.

Legacy
Both the airport and the central park in Camagüey are named after him, and his statue is situated in the civic plaza. The equestrian statue of Agramonte in the park that bears his name was unveiled by his widow Amalia Simoni in 1912; it was the work of an Italian sculptor.

The Cuban village of Agramonte, located in Matanzas Province and part of the municipality of Jagüey Grande, was renamed after him. Its original name was Cuevitas.

His death in battle is the subject of the 1975 song "El Mayor" by Cuban nueva trova singer Silvio Rodríguez.

title: Ignacio Agramonte


text:
Talk:H. F. Stephens

Untitled
I feel that this article is much too short to encompass Stephens' railways - and him too! - and it is also inaccurate in giving the impression that they were all one amorphous whole. That is far from the truth: they were scattered and existed like that - even though they were under the same umbrella at Tonbridge. It is also untrue to say that they all excaped grouping: three of them had been part of some of the major railways - look at the Paddock Wood line on the website, for example.

I am about to alter this so that the article will be entitled Colonel Stephens and his Railways so that his biography can be included in the article: the present biography (for some unknown reason relocated to Holman Fred Stephens from Colonel H.F. Stephens needs destubbing anyway and can be easily done by using the said website. Peter Shearan 12:27, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I think I have done what I can to fill out this article: I am not too sure whether some of the really minor lines need a separate article, since they are fairly comprehensively described on the website. If however ther is more information, such articles may well follow! Peter Shearan 14:39, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't know if it's relevant, but you should be aware that the MOD has maintained a speciality reserve of logisitics business heads, about 200 of them, who have the honorary rank of Colonel, effective in times of war. This was part of the special arrangements needed in the wake of the First Battle of the Somme to rationalise the overfragmented supply train serving the front, but continued thereafter to this day. This may explain why someone suddenly becomes a Colonel in that environment.

Check gauge please
North Devon and Cornwall Junction Light Railway (1925-1982): originally a 3 ft (762 mm)

 * 3' 0' = 914mm
 * 2' 6" = 762mm

Which is it?

Tabletop 03:05, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

Template:Tenterden
The Tenterden has been repeatedly removed from this article with the rationale "Ridiculously tenuous connection".

HFS was the consulting engineer who built the Rother Valley Railway, and Chairman of the renamed K&ESR for 31 years. This information is covered in the article under "The Stephens railways".

I contend that HFS should be re-added to the template, and that the template should be re-added to this article. Mjroots (talk) 20:53, 19 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Sounds plausible, except that his career was also significant as a railway builder, and he was involved with dozens of such railways. The fact that he was chair of the KESR is only one of many aspects of his career, and the location of KESR's hq is a piece of trivia in the context of such a lengthy career with so many railways.
 * The location of the HQ is so trivial a part of his career that the current version of the article doesn't even mention in passing the location of KESR's HQ ... so spamming on a template about Tenterden gives grossly undue weight to that factoid.  See WP:UNDUE.
 * By your logic, you would add add him to a location navbox for every significant piece of railway he was involved in, cluttering the article with dozens of such tenuously-related places.
 * Your template-spamming has been discussed at length, in several locations. Please stop it. -- Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 21:15, 19 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Did Stephens live in or close to Tenterden when he was chairman of the KESR? If so, I'd say he should be part of the template, otherwise probably not., especially as there's no mention of Stephens in the Tenterden article. Mind you, there's no mention of Clare Atwood, Joseph Diggle, George Elgood or Christopher Love in that article either. —  Tivedshambo   (t/c) 22:21, 19 December 2010 (UTC)
 * There are two questions here, which can be answered differently. I think that Tivedshambo seems to be addressing the second question, rather than the first one.
 * a) Should the template be on this article, and b) should this article be in the template
 * On question A, I don't see that Tenterden is anything other than a footnote in Stephens's bio
 * On question B, there's no evidence so far that Stephens even rates a passing mention in the history of Tenterden.
 * I have been busily purging Tenterden of lots of ppl whose existence does not seem to be an important part of the history of Tenterden (see these edits, and some of those remaining should possibly be removed too. So far, I have found only one who should probably stay: Joseph Diggle, who was mayor of Tenterden. Merely living there at some point is not enough to justify inclusion in the template unless the connection with Tenterden was itself notable. -- Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 22:49, 19 December 2010 (UTC)
 * As far as a) and b) go, in my view they're one and the same - i.e. if a navbox is used in an article, then the article should be listed in the navbox (and conversely, if an article is listed in a navbox, the navbox should be used in the article). To deal with the other point, I would disagree that "merely living there" would not justify inclusion in the navbox, for a small place like Tenterden. If Stephens did live there (though it's not clear he did), then he should be included in the Navbox as a notable resident. If he didn't live there, then I agree the link is probably too tenuous. —  Tivedshambo   (t/c) 12:30, 20 December 2010 (UTC)
 * The convention has long been that notable people who lived in an area get listed the the "notable residents" section of the article, and I have no argument with that. But the template is not about that; it's about creating a link to them from other articles, and per WP:NAVBOX we have to ask "Would a reader really want to go from A to B?"
 * Do you think it's likely that a reader would want to go from the bio of a railway engineer directly to the other articles in Tenterden? And if so, why?  It's hard to see why the reader who want a menu of links to things associated with an entity which is not even mentioned in the article, other than as the name of one of 8 locomotives. -- Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 02:56, 21 December 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on H. F. Stephens. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120204035507/http://www.hfstephens-museum.org.uk/colonel-stephens-railways.html to http://www.hfstephens-museum.org.uk/colonel-stephens-railways.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120204035507/http://www.hfstephens-museum.org.uk/colonel-stephens-railways.html to http://www.hfstephens-museum.org.uk/colonel-stephens-railways.html

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External Links not there
I have not been able to access the site from the links provided. Sadly. ixo (talk) 17:30, 21 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:H. F. Stephens


text:
The Spartans F.C.

The Spartans Football Club are a Scottish football club based in Edinburgh. They were formed in 1951 by ex-players of Edinburgh University and the original intention was the team would be exclusively graduates of the university. However, the club is now open to players of any background. Spartans play at Ainslie Park and wear white shirts, red shorts and white socks.

The senior team plays in, and are managed by Dougie Samuel. They joined the Lowland League in 2013, after playing in the East of Scotland Football League, where it had become one of its most successful clubs from the 1970s onwards. Spartans have been allowed to play in the qualifying rounds of the Scottish Cup since 1978 and qualified for the cup proper on several occasions during their junior days.

Spartans entered their top amateur side into the SJFA East Region junior setup in 2009, but withdrew in 2013. Spartans also have an Under-20 squad in the Lowlands U20s Development League, a Saturday amateur side, a Sunday amateur side and several women's teams, including The Spartans W.F.C.

Spartans chairman Craig Graham was appointed MBE in 2017 for his service to the community of North Edinburgh.

In 2023, Spartans were promoted to Scottish League Two after overcoming Albion Rovers in the play-offs.

Scottish Cup
The Spartans' most successful Scottish Cup run was in 2003–04, when they defeated Buckie Thistle 6–1 in front of a crowd of 450 in Edinburgh in the first round, before defeating Alloa Athletic 5–3 in a replay (the first game had been drawn 3–3) in Edinburgh in the second round. They then defeated Arbroath (who had been in the SFL First Division only the year before) 4–1 at Gayfield Park in the third round, before being beaten 4–0 at home by Scottish Premier League team Livingston in front of a full house of 3,000 fans at City Park.

Two seasons later in 2005–06, Spartans defeated Berwick Rangers, Lossiemouth and Queen's Park in the first three rounds of the Scottish Cup. They drew 0–0 with First Division side St Mirren in the last sixteen in front of 3,326 fans at City Park, earning a replay at Love Street, where they lost 3–0.

In the 2008–09 Scottish Cup, Spartans' cup run sent them to Pollok, winning through a replay, they then beat Annan Athletic 2–1. In the next round they beat Elgin City 2–1, before being knocked out by Airdrie United in the fourth round.

Spartans, along with four other clubs, submitted an application for entry into the Scottish Football League following Gretna relinquishing their league status on 3 June 2008. Spartans lost out to Annan Athletic.

In November 2008, Spartans moved to a new purpose-built home at Ainslie Park, situated 500 yards from City Park in the Crewe Toll district of Edinburgh. The new facility includes a 504-seater stand and floodlights surrounding the main stadium pitch and an adjacent, full size artificial pitch with floodlights. Ainslie Park is now used daily by youth and adult Spartans teams, along with the general public. The club also won the league title this season.

In the 2009–10 season, Spartans won the quadruple, consisting of the East of Scotland Premier Division, the SFA South Challenge Cup, the King Cup and the League Cup. The 2009–10 league title gave Spartans back to back title wins for the first time since 2005.

During the 2010–11 season, Spartans won their third league title in a row. The next season they lost the league title on goal difference to Stirling University, while in the 2012–13 season, they finished third in the league.

Lowland League
Spartans joined the newly formed Lowland Football League for the 2013–14 season, winning the inaugural title. They finished as runners-up in 2015–16 and won the League Cup a year later, before becoming Lowland League champions for a second time in 2017–18. This allowed Spartans to take part in the Pyramid play-off, however they lost 5–2 on aggregate to Cove Rangers.

The club progressed to the fifth round (last 16) of the 2014–15 Scottish Cup, defeating Clyde and Morton en route.

In the fifth round of the competition, Spartans forced a replay with Berwick Rangers on 7 February 2015, thanks to an injury time equaliser from Ally MacKinnon to level the tie at 1–1, the game being played in front of 2504 supporters at Ainslie Park.

In the 2022–23 season, Spartans won the Lowland League title for a third time. During that season's Pyramid play-offs they defeated Highland League champions Brechin City 4–3 on penalties before defeating Albion Rovers 2–1 on aggregate in the final to progress to Scottish League Two.

Stadium
Ainslie Park on Pilton Drive in north Edinburgh is the home ground of Spartans. The stadium has a capacity of 3,612 (504 seated). Ainslie Park is only part of the new project that Spartans have invested into their new ground, a wider development of the Spartans Community Football Academy. The new facility incorporates a fully enclosed stadium which meets SFA and SPFL criteria, with an artificial pitch, floodlights, seating for 504 spectators and an overall capacity of 3,612. Another full size, floodlit artificial pitch sits adjacent to the main playing area and the accommodation incorporates six changing rooms, a club room, committee room and a physio room. The Club ground holds a P.A system and a bar for spectators.

In March 2017, Edinburgh City reached an agreement with Spartans to use Ainslie Park ground for three seasons while Meadowbank Stadium was being redeveloped.

League
Lowland Football League East of Scotland Football League
 * Winners (3): 2013–14, 2017–18, 2022–23
 * Runners-up: 2015–16
 * Winners (9): 1971–72, 1983–84, 1996–97, 2001–02, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11
 * Runners-up (7): 1977–78, 1984–85, 1992–93, 1997–98, 1998–99, 2006–07, 2011–12

Cup
SFA South Region Challenge Cup Lowland League Cup East of Scotland Qualifying Cup East of Scotland City Cup East of Scotland League Cup King Cup Ronnie Swan Challenge Cup
 * Winners (4): 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2022–23
 * Winners: 2016–17
 * Winners (10): 1983–84, 1989–90, 1995–96, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2010–11, 2016–17, 2018–19
 * Winners (3): 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07
 * Winners (5): 2003–04, 2004–05, 2009–10, 2010–11
 * Winners (12): 1973–74, 1977–78, 1987–88, 2000–01, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2007–08, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2012–13
 * Winners (2): 2009, 2015

Notable players
The former Scotland international Eamonn Bannon had a spell playing for Spartans in the 1990s.

Women's football
Spartans Football Club Women's and Girls is a women's football team that plays in the Scottish Women's Premier League, the top division of women's football in Scotland. Spartans F.C. Women is part of Spartans F.C. in North Edinburgh and play and train at the club's training facilities.

title: The Spartans F.C.


text:
Nikki Iles

Nikki Anne Iles (née Burnham; born 16 May 1963) is a British jazz composer, pianist and educator.

Early life
Iles was born in Dunstable, Bedfordshire, on 16 May 1963. She started her musical education at primary school, where she learnt to play the harmonica and the clarinet, and at eleven years old she won a junior exhibition at the Royal Academy of Music, where she studied clarinet and piano from 1974 to 1981. She became a member of the Bedfordshire Youth Jazz Orchestra. She went on to the Leeds College of Music (1981–1984).

Later life and career
After graduating from the Leeds College of Music, she decided to settle in Yorkshire. After marrying trumpeter Richard Iles, she changed her surname from Burnham. She joined his band Emanon, with which she played some of her compositions. Iles also began playing with several London-based bands, such as those led by Steve Argüelles, Mick Hutton and Stan Sulzmann.

Iles won the 1996 John Dankworth Special Award at the BT Jazz Festival. Following a serious car crash after a gig, Iles opted to settle in London.

Iles was a senior lecturer at Middlesex University, and has taught at the University of York, Leeds College of Music, the Guildhall School of Music, and in Bulgaria, Holland, France, and Finland.

Iles was awarded the British Empire Medal (BEM) in the 2022 New Year Honours for services to music.

As sidewoman
With Anthony Braxton With Mike Gibbs With Ingrid Laubrock With Tina May With Sylvan Richardson With Geoff Simkins With Martin Speake With Stan Sulzmann With Dick Walter/Jazz Craft Ensemble
 * Composition No. 175 / Composition No. 126: Trillium Dialogues M (Leo, 1994)
 * By the Way (Ah Um, 1993)
 * Some Times (Candid, 1998)
 * One Fine Day (33Jazz, 1999)
 * I'll Take Romance (Linn, 2002)
 * More Than You Know (33Jazz, 2004)
 * A Wing and a Prayer (33Jazz, 2005–06)
 * Pyrotechnics (Blue Note, 1992)
 * Don't Ask (Symbol, 1999)
 * Secret (Basho, 2000)
 * Treasure Trove (ASC, 1995)
 * Secret Moves (ASC, 1999)

title: Nikki Iles


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Five Borough Bicycle Club

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 23:12, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Five Borough Bicycle Club
Spam. Delete. - Mike Rosoft 12:29, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, notability not established. Martg76 13:55, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete what links here is empty and most of the google hits seem to be lists of clubs. --Laura Scudder | Talk 17:51, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, I am the communications coordinator for this NYC-based club, and established this page to replace what was originally posted as the "Five Borough Bike Club". The proper spelling of my club spells out Bicycle. I updated the original entry with a redirect to this page. Also, all the links are to various pages of our website; if that is not appropriate for the entry, they can be removed.Bhoberman 22:47, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, clubs are not inherently notable, the notabilty of this one has not been established--nixie 02:25, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vaNNity. Radiant_* 13:11, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.