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Talk:List of wars: 1500–1799

Franco-Spanish War
Under the Wars of Religion, the Franco-Spanish War is listed for the years 1589-1598. If one jumps to this entry one is given a choice among articles on a war of 1653-59, 1808-14 or 1820-23, none of which is the supposed war of 1589-98. Someone with knowledge of this era should either add an entry for the Franco-Spanish War of 1589-98 or delete the jump. LAWinans (talk) 20:48, 25 August 2008 (UTC)

American War of Independence
In many ways the "American War of Independence" was cold war parlance a Proxy war in the long struggle between England and France. Just because a global superpower may be at war with several different opponents at the same time, it does not mean that the wars are linked and that the opponents are in a close alliance. For this reason I have moved the other wars which Britain was fighting from being viewed as subwars of the "American Revolutionary War" Philip Baird Shearer 22:28, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Why is Mysore listed as a participant? Misplaced from a (chronologically) nearby war in India?—Odysseus 1 4 7  9  21:22, 17 May 2016 (UTC)

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Shoma
Who is Shoma and why does he have a barefoot? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Hambo3663 (talk • contribs) 06:55, 9 May 2020 (UTC)

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Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:List of wars: 2003–present which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 13:50, 9 October 2020 (UTC)

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Flags of North American indigenous nations
These flags all date from the 20th century and were not in contemporary use during the times of these wars. I will make a start in deleting them. Király-Seth (talk) 18:59, 29 March 2021 (UTC)

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hovering over some flags makes the word "no" appear
like the ottoman flag with the gold crescent or the german peasants flag with the rainbow C0LORthekirbyfan (talk) 14:26, 8 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of wars: 1500–1799


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Portuguese Communist Youth

The Portuguese Communist Youth (Juventude Comunista Portuguesa or JCP) is the youth organization of the Portuguese Communist Party, and was founded on 10 November 1979, after the unification of the Young Communist League and the Communist Students League.

The JCP has a political relationship with the Portuguese Communist Party; however, it is an independent organization. The headquarters of the JCP are located in Lisbon.

The JCP is a member of the World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY), a non-governmental youth organization that congregates several left-wing youth organizations from all continents. The WFDY holds an international event, named the World Festival of Youth and Students, in which the Portuguese Communist Youth participates. JCP has held the presidency of the World Federation of Democratic Youth in the past and maintains an active role in the Federation.

Composed of students and working-class youth, the JCP's main political concerns and interventions are on the subject of the promotion of a free and public education in all degrees, employment, access to sports and culture, peace, and housing.

JCP also promotes international brigades for countries like Cuba, Palestine, and Venezuela, both alone and with other European communist youth organizations like KNE and SDAJ.

Structure

The main organ of the JCP is the congress, a political convention that is held each three years. In the congress, the organization defines its political strategies and elects a new National Committee.

Between the congresses, the main organ is the National Committee, which assures that the political guidelines are being implemented, schedules and carries out the national activities of the JCP, manages the property and funds, and also assures the JCP's international relations.

Each member of the JCP belongs to a local group, in his or her school, town, or work place. These groups belong to a regional organization, usually at district level. The regional organization holds regional activities, and is managed by a regional committee.

In a different level, the JCP divides its work and structure in three main sector level organizations: the organization of the intermediate and high school students, the organization of the university and college students, and a last one to the young working people. Each of these co-ordinates the work and the activities related to each corresponding sector.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Portuguese Communist Youth


text: User talk:83.70.233.88

title: User talk:83.70.233.88


text: User talk:68.15.29.3

title: User talk:68.15.29.3


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Poltergeist (computer programming)

In computer programming, a poltergeist (or gypsy wagon) is a short-lived, typically stateless object used to perform initialization or to invoke methods in another, more permanent class. It is considered an anti-pattern. The original definition is by Michael Akroyd 1996 - Object World West Conference:
 * "As a gypsy wagon or a poltergeist appears and disappears mysteriously, so does this short lived object. As a consequence the code is more difficult to maintain and there is unnecessary resource waste. The typical cause for this anti-pattern is poor object design."

A poltergeist can often be identified by its name; they are often called "manager_", "controller_", "supervisor", "start_process", etc.

Sometimes, poltergeist classes are created because the programmer anticipated the need for a more complex architecture. For example, a poltergeist arises if the same method acts as both the client and invoker in a command pattern, and the programmer anticipates separating the two phases. However, this more complex architecture may actually never materialize.

Poltergeists should not be confused with long-lived, state-bearing objects of a pattern such as model–view–controller, or tier-separating patterns such as business delegate pattern.

To remove a poltergeist, delete the class and insert its functionality in the invoked class, possibly by inheritance or as a mixin.

There have been proposed methods in detecting poltergeists in code for refactoring.

title: Poltergeist (computer programming)


text:
América (Brazilian TV series)

América is a Brazilian telenovela that aired on TV Globo from 14 March 2005 to 4 November 2005. It is written by Glória Perez and directed by Jayme Monjardim and Marcos Schechtman. The telenovela focused on the life of an illegal immigrant to the United States and the lives of those she left behind in Brazil. It stars Deborah Secco and Murilo Benício.

In the United States, Telemundo aired a Spanish-dubbed version of América in 2009.

Main plot
Sol and Tião are born to different social backgrounds—she to a poor suburban family in Rio, and him to an even poorer family who raised cattle in West São Paulo State. They eventually meet, due to unlikely circumstances, but part again, as she has set as her ultimate priority to reach the United States or bust. While she comes to the U.S. to live as an illegal immigrant, he remains in Brazil and, despite many trials and tribulations, he becomes a successful rodeo cowboy.

Subplots
América has several secondary plots about a variety of compelling characters. These, for the most part, take place in four locales: Vila Isabel, a middle-class neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro; Boiadeiros, a fictional town in West São Paulo State; the home of a rich family in Rio; and Miami. Various characters from each subplots often meet each other due to character linkages within the story.

The main subplots were:
 * A love triangle involving Feitosa, a man who worked with pets, his girlfriend Islene (who happened to have a blind daughter from a previous relationship) and Creusa (a virginal woman who turned out to be too lustful).
 * The problems and achievements of a blind man, Jatobá, trying to live with his disability in a country with no infrastructure for the visually impaired. He is engaged to a non-blind woman.
 * The mischievous Alex and Djanira, smugglers and "coyotes".
 * The love life of Glauco, a 50-year-old businessman married to a kleptomaniac woman that strives for a divorce in order to marry her lover (but he later leaves both for a 19-year-old girl).
 * The complicated relationship between a middle-class American professor, Edward Talbot, and his rich girlfriend, May, who does social work at a ghetto school in Miami. Due to fan demand, the author of the soap opera changed its ending so Edward ends up marrying the main character, Sol.
 * The lives of several illegal immigrants living in a boarding house in Miami kept by a Mexican woman, with Brazilian roots, named Consuelo.
 * The thriving Brazil rodeo culture. Rodeo is a traditional sport in many countries in the Americas, with influences from the history of Mexican and Brazilian vaqueros or vaqueiros (cowboys) and American cowboys.

Music
Unlike most Brazilian soap operas, América featured different styles of music for each milieu. Vila Isabel had only traditional samba, other parts of Rio de Janeiro included Brazilian pop and funk, São Paulo was scored with Brazilian country music and Miami, with a mix of American pop and Latin music.

The songs used in América are:

 * Disco 1

01. "Soy Loco por Ti América" - Ivete Sangalo

02. "Até Pensei" - Nana Caymmi

03. "A Volta" - Roberto Carlos

04. "Pra Rua Me Levar" - Ana Carolina

05. "Feitiço da Vila" - Martinho da Vila

06. "Nervos de Aço" - Leonardo

07. "Mágoa de Boiadeiro" - Lourenço & Lourival

08. "Os Amantes" - Daniel

09. "Girassóis Azuis II" - George Israel

10. "Vida de Viajante" - Lenine

11. "She's a Carioca (Ela é Carioca)" - Celso Fonseca

12. "Você" - Marina Elali

13. "Um Matuto em New York" - Roberto Trevisan

14. "Sinfonia dos Sonhos" - Marcus Viana

15. "Órfãos do Paraíso" - Milton Nascimento

16. "Eu Sei que Vou te Amar" - Caetano Veloso

 * Disco 2

1. "Regresa a mi" - Il Divo

2. "Don't" - Shania Twain

3. "Home" - Michael Bublé

4. "Abrazame Así" - Tamara

5. "Amore e Música" - Russell Watson

6. "The Look of Love" - Diana Krall

7. "Summertime" - Michael Bolton

8. "A Horse with no Name" - America

9. "Redneck Woman" - Gretchen Wilson

10. "Pieces of Me" - Ashlee Simpson

11. "Por un Beso" - Gloria Estefan

12. "Cancion Mixteca" - Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlan

13. "Besame Mucho" - Maysa

14. "Wind Shaking the Trees" - Darwing James Band

15. "Long Long Away" - Jesse Johnson

17. "Can't Get Over" - Kasino

18. "Breath" - O2

19. "Little Girl" - Lucas Babin

20. "Take Me Home, Country Roads" - Happening

Gay kiss deleted scene
While being cited as a pop culture phenomenon previously, the soap opera received greater exposure in the media after a long-running (2005) storyline between two gay characters included a scene in which they share a kiss. The scene was scheduled to be air in the final episode, which created much anticipation from the gay community in Brazil. However, Rede Globo, the soap opera's production company, elected not to run the scene, much to the surprise of the writers, fans and actors involved. The event led to a number of protests for equal rights, condemning Globo for their actions.

Criticism of the positive portrayal of rodeo
Brazilian animal rights organizations criticized the telenovela because rodeo was favorably exposed in the story. Several non-large-scale protests happened in several cities and activists tried to exhort a nationwide boycott campaign against the series. Coincidentally, the series faced a decline of its audience, though that was not attributed to a boycott eventually.

title: América (Brazilian TV series)


text:
Talk:Interstitial cystitis

Recent changes
You reverted the edits I had done on Interstitial Cystitis stating that I wasn't following the Mos. Could you please give me more feedback than that?? What caught your eye that I was doing wrong. I'm recovering from surgery and had some hours to spare.. and would hate to lose these updates.. especially when this page had been clearly changed by industry.. promoting neuromodulation, etc. etc. Aruaidh (talk) 02:57, 25 September 2010 (UTC)Aruaidh

 * Look at how to format citations, and omit sentences such as "Substantiated claim". RxWatch (talk) 04:55, 25 September 2010 (UTC)

 * My bad. I was using a wikipedia guide that used "substantiated claim" as part of the reference text. I must have misunderstood their format. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Aruaidh (talk • contribs) 18:15, 25 September 2010 (UTC)

Nomenclature Debate Continues
I attempted several edits yesterday to include new research and protocols released during the AUA 2010 annual meeting. The nomenclature debate for IC has been going on for over a decade... and the problem that I have with the text as written is that it assumes that the world is now following the ESSIC name/criteria of Bladder Pain Syndrome. Simply not the case. The problem with the ESSIC criteria is that it excludes patients who have frequency/urgency without pain from a diagnosis. There are comparatively few practitioners in the rest of the world who follow these guidelines. I attended the NIH/NIDDK meeting at which this was discussed and there is, by no means, an international consensus of the ESSIC guidelines. They will never be implemented in the United States as written.

In 2008, when the Japanese Urology community issued their standards, they chose the name "Hypersensitive Bladder Syndrome" to avoid the exclusion of patients without pain and because they felt that sensitivity was a more accurate description of what is happening in the bladder wall. This is quite likely the best article written on IC to date discussing the nomenclature debate. In 2009, the Indian Guidelines were released, revealing that they would be using the term "Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome." In 2010, the American Urology Association introduced the AUA Guidelines and they will be using the name "Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome" for the foreseeable future in large part because our understanding of IC has changed so dramatically in the past year that what we thought we knew may be completely incorrect. Research now suggests that IC is an afferent gating disorder.. with systemic implications or, at the very least, a neurosensitivity disorder. Thus, if any name has the potential of being used in the future, it would be the Japanese approach. For those who are interested, there are some webcasts from the AUA meeting which discuss the pros and cons of name changes What's in a name: What Happened to Interstitial Cystitis and the new AUA standards.

The other critical development is the new phenotyping methodology which now assesses AND TREATS patients with respect to six specific domains, including the presence of infection pelvic floor muscle tension, the presence of psycho social problems (anxiety, catastrophic thinking), organ specific issues (i.e. Hunner's Ulcers).. etc. etc.. which also blows out of the water the implication that IC is a bladder specific disease.

I propose that we return to using IC or IC/BPS or IC/BPS/HBS... rather than BPS/IC for this discussion. Comments? Interestingly, the website UROTODAY uses IC/PBS/BPS/HBS in their discussions.

I attempted several edits that were reverted yesterday and would appreciate your review of these again. The treatment discussion, in particular, was poorly organized, did not differentiate between oral medications, intravesical instillations, etc. The neuromodulation area was misleading at best given the fact that there is substantial risk, including numerous fatalities when using this methodology. Please check those out and give me feedback. I am recovering from surgery so am still in a painful recovery process.

Jill Osborne - Interstitial Cystitis Network President & Founder (talk) 18:14, 25 September 2010 (UTC) Aruaidh

 * Some comments:
 * Wikipedia follows, it does not lead. Nor is wikipedia a crystal ball, looking forward into the future, or a place to debate nomenclature. Until clarity emerges on naming, the oldest form ("IC") should be used in the article, but the other forms should all be noted and perhaps made into redirecting links.
 * Speculation about theories of etiology, such as gating deficiencies, should be included as theories. I inserted a citation to the theory yesterday, under the "Stress" subsection.
 * Please do not make personal disclosures about your health status here. This is not a forum.
 * I suggest you continue editing the page again, but make changes slowly and piecemeal, over a period of time, so that they can be reviewed by others and modified when necessary. RxWatch (talk) 02:30, 26 September 2010 (UTC)

I think that reference to NRSI and SSRI drug entries could be more generalized. Duloxetine and amitryptaline (and escitalopram) may provide a therapeutic effect in a small subset of cases. eg. this article promotes duloxetine for IC Given that people who read this may be desperately seeking pain relief, and may have not tried all drugs, all should be mentioned as possible treatments with efficacy in a subset of cases. Let the patient pursue the best treatment given their own response. StephenSmith (talk) 06:21, 11 February 2011 (UTC)

A number of issues
This article should be referenced to high quality sources such as review articles rather than to primary research papers and the popular press. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 12:08, 5 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Do you have any suggested references to add or to use in place of the research papers currently used as references in the body of this article? TylerDurden8823 (talk) 23:41, 5 October 2012 (UTC)
 * I can help you identify sources if you need help finding them, please message me at my talk page. Forgive me for being critical on the article, but right now I see the sentence "A Harvard University study concluded, 'the impact of interstitial cystitis on quality of life is severe and debilitating' " in the lead. I don't know of a reason to name drop "Harvard" like this (see WP:MEDREV). Tha paper is from 2000 and is a primary research paper. Per WP:MEDDATE, we try to use recent review articles if possible. I see it has been cited by three review articles. The most recent is "Clinical guidelines for interstitial cystitis and hypersensitive bladder syndrome". That would be a good source to rewrite content with. And then we have "A Harvard Medical School guide...", which sounds like further name dropping and it is cited to a teriary source, which is not ideal in this case. A clinical practice guideline is one type of secondary WP:MEDRS and review articles are another. These should be cited for most of the content in a medical article (when they can be located). I came here because I noticed this article was put up for good article review. In my opinion it lacks basic verifiability because it is tagged as having potentially self published material, and in general strays from the guideline of WP:MEDRS, by citing questionable sources such as old primary research. For example, the statement "Neuromodulation can be successful in treating IC/BPS symptoms, including pain" is cited to a 1994 paper. That's not how we write articles, unfortunately. Biosthmors (talk) 20:29, 16 October 2012 (UTC)

DMSO
The DMSO page mentions use for treatment - yet this page lacks any mention. Shirley SW, Stewart BH, Mirelman S.; Stewart; Mirelman (March 1978). "Dimethyl Sulfoxide in Treatment of Inflammatory Genitourinary Disorders". Urology. 11 (3): 215–220. . . — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.243.106.82 (talk) 16:33, 6 March 2017 (UTC)

Quantify tags
I put quantify after "IC/BPS can result" in the lead because it is vague. Is it 1/1000 or 4/10? Biosthmors (talk) 16:04, 13 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Good question. I'm really not sure to be honest but I can't seem to get a hold of any studies right now that will satisfactorily answer this question. We'll have to wait in the meanwhile until a good review source on quality of life in interstitial cystitis emerges.TylerDurden8823 (talk) 06:39, 5 February 2013 (UTC)

Kegels
My edit on Kegel exercises was reversed, but the text still has essentially the same meaning, except it's unclear, hinting that kegels can help IC. I'm not aware of papers that claim they are helpful. Got any? Ratel (talk) 07:19, 14 July 2015 (UTC)

Link to gluten
The study in question references another study by the same author (see it here ) where the claim is made that IC is linked to gluten somehow with frequency "undetermined". No data is presented in this original study, and no sources for the claim. I see they also linked "ingrown hairs" to gluten, and other unfounded claims. Junk science. Gluten probably IS linked to IC, but this is not proof. Ratel (talk) 01:24, 16 March 2016 (UTC)

 * Dear

 * To support the inclusion of non-celiac gluten sensitivity, I used this paper Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;67 Suppl 2:16-26. doi: 10.1159/000440990. Epub 2015 Nov 26. Gluten Sensitivity. Catassi C1. (Review) (Table 1 - The clinical manifestations of NCGS), which is a medical reliable source. This is a secondary source, PubMed indexed, published in Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism November 2015, which is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, with an impact factor of 2.618, ranked 34/77.

 * The study you cited and you misprize http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4488826/ is not by "the same" author but a group of the most prestigious experts worldwide in celiac diseases and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (Catassi C, Elli L, Bonaz B, Bouma G, Carroccio A, Castillejo G, Cellier C, Cristofori F, de Magistris L, Dolinsek J, Dieterich W, Francavilla R, Hadjivassiliou M, Holtmeier W, Körner U, Leffler DA, Lundin KE, Mazzarella G, Mulder CJ, Pellegrini N, Rostami K, Sanders D, Skodje GI, Schuppan D, Ullrich R, Volta U, Williams M, Zevallos VF, Zopf Y, Fasano A). It was published in Nutrients June 2015 and PubMed indexed . Nutrients is a peer-reviewed scientific journal and have a 2016 impact factor of 3.27, and is ranked 21/77 (as 2015).

 * It's a shame that all these experts and reviewers have not noticed all that "other unfounded claims" that there are in the article, in your opinion.

 * You said "no data, and there are no other studies linking IC to gluten". In Medicine are considered not only studies, also documented cases. And yes, there is some case report, such as this one BMJ. 2012 Nov 30;345:e7982. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e7982. A Patient's Journey. Non-coeliac gluten sensitivity. Rostami K1, Hogg-Kollars S., published in The BMJ 30 November 2012. The BMJ's impact factor is 17.445, ranking it fifth among general medical journals.

 * Wikipedia states: "Some people with IC/BPS have been diagnosed with other conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, allergies, Sjogren's syndrome". All of these diseases, at least in some cases, are linked to celiac disease or non-celiac gluten sensitivity and improve with a gluten-free diet.      So... why be surprised?

 * Anyway, I agree to withdraw the NCGS of that list and include it apart, with "less weight". And I will add: There is also some evidence of an association with non-celiac gluten sensitivity in some patients.

 * Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 10:21, 16 March 2016 (UTC)

Yes, I agree that there is "some evidence" of an association of NCGS with chronic pelvic pain (IC and CP/CPPS), but as you have discovered yourself, it all goes back to anecdotal evidence, as in the case report you offer above (who also seems to be the source of all the other "undetermined" maladies, like "ingrown hairs"). I accept your modification, but rather than citing only the review study (Carlo Catassi reviewing his own studies), I'll insert a cite to the case report too. Ratel (talk) 21:54, 16 March 2016 (UTC)

Associated with other disorders
, you removed reference to links to fibromyalgia and IBS. But "For example, epidemiological studies have revealed that IC/BPS is commonly associated with other chronic pain conditions, including fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome." This from a review study, and Pubmed full of other evidence to support. Please re-insert. Ratel (talk) 21:06, 6 October 2016 (UTC)
 * We still say "Many of those affected also have irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia."? Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 21:28, 6 October 2016 (UTC)
 * And CFS? Ratel (talk) 21:39, 6 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Do we need to list them all in the lead? There are lots of associations. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 00:05, 7 October 2016 (UTC)

Covering hyaluronic acid (Cystistat)
I would like to see some coverage of Cystistat. When I first looked at the literature there seemed like a lot of good studies of it - for example Long-term results of intravesical hyaluronan therapy in bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. (2011) found half in remission after five years which is discussed in Review of intravesical therapies for bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (2015) but without much in the way of interesting commentary or critique. Apparently Cystistat is approved in many countries (Canada, EU per this) but not the U.S. II  | (t - c) 21:49, 12 February 2017 (UTC)
 * Also on the topic of instillation, sort of, is this study on the effect on pH on pain: no effect. II  | (t - c) 21:57, 12 February 2017 (UTC)

Alternative therapies
Hey, what is the problem with the source added here? II | (t - c) 17:55, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
 * It is an internet based survey (a primary source). The conclusion is "Randomized, placebo-controlled studies are needed to demonstrate which therapies may indeed control IC symptoms". What percentage of people in such a survey say an alt med treatment is useful or not does not mean much. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 00:36, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
 * Hmm, I might be able to find a review which summarizes at a high level, although perhaps not for a few months. But to your comment, I think it misses the point a bit: the intent of a medical article is not solely to identify effective treatments. The intent of any article is to inform readers of important content in a neutral manner with reliable sources. It seems quite appropriate and effective, in the sense of writing to help people understand the topic (which should be the goal!), to lead off this section with an overview of number of treatments that people have tried and some basic information about them. Maybe there's a different way to approach that, but this section should start with a very high-level survey. That's not to suggest that these are effective, but as I said in the first sentence, that's not always the point. I also don't think it's a reasonable bar that everything has to be passed through RCTs to be mentioned. These are "alternative treatments", so we wouldn't expect there to be a lot of RCTs. As an aside, I am going to push back - and always will - against the idea that all medical content needs to be in a medical review. I was there in the discussion when MEDRS was promoted (as were you), and that certainly wasn't how it was presented at the time. I doubt it would've become a guideline if it had. Meanwhile, it's not wholly uncommon for non-peer-reviewed articles to be used to directly contradict peer-reviewed sources by long-term editors circling the medical project, such as the discussion over at alkaline diet right now. My hope is that Wikipedia doesn't end up a ghostly place occupied by a handful of people enforcing a byzantine and frankly arbitrary set of rules. It should be open, a bit democratic, and even fun. II  | (t - c) 08:21, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
 * There are lots of great review articles on this topic. A survey is basically testimonials. The conclusion of the paper is really that no evidence exists on the effectiveness of alt med not that half of them "work". Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 09:01, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
 * I agree with James that an internet-based survey is a low-quality source and should be avoided. I'm confident there are reviews discussing the use of alternative medicine modalities in IC and the level of study these modalities have received. If they haven't gone through high-quality RCTs, then you'd be hard-pressed to say that they're proven to work. Anecdote means very little when stacked against evidence since various biases (cognitive or otherwise) skew our view on such matters. Since this is a medical article, I too will insist that WP:MEDRS-compliant reviews are used for such content. Primary sources such as internet-based surveys are inappropriate (even if you disagree, II). If the information is not yet available, we can wait and improve other sections of the article in the meantime. TylerDurden8823 (talk) 13:40, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
 * By all means, it's not a perfect or even good source source, and I'll admit it's probably a good idea to remove it (as my user page states, "to change your mind and to follow him who sets you right is to be nonetheless the free agent that you were before"). With that said, if the bar for contributing to Wikipedia is to do a complete lit review and identify the best source possible... well, it's no wonder that few will bother.  If you glance at the history of this article, in terms of substantive content work it's basically been two people for the last five years: Doc James and TylerDurden. And probably a similar statement could be made for most medical articles.
 * Also, while I appreciate the calm tone, Tyler, I feel like it kind of talks past my above comment, as if my point was not really understood. Demonstrating some sort of efficacy is not the point. That patients reported half helped could be removed entirely while accomplishing the purpose, perhaps by instead mentioning that "84.2 % had tried complementary therapies and 55 % said that physicians had recommended complementary therapies". Starting with a broad number and survey of a wide number of potential therapies, with a hint of the patient perspective, is the point. With a survey showing patients responses, the nice thing is that it is obviously poor evidence and there is less temptation to single individual therapies out, as compared to a review covering a bunch of low-powered, misleading RCTs ("Why Most Published Research Findings Are False" (2005)). I suppose there may be a difference in perspective: to me, it seems that most of our readers would recognize that a survey isn't good evidence.
 * Anyhow, I dug a bit deeper and found Complementary therapies for bladder pain syndrome: a systematic review. In addition to covering some RCTs (which are rather tricky to analyze), it spends a paragraph on the survey. Not up for dealing with the hassle of trying to predict/figure out what content might be worth adding, though - maybe in a few months.  II  | (t - c) 07:22, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
 * I acknowledge that I've contributed quite a bit to the article; however, I disagree with the assumption that most readers will critique a survey as a low form/unreliable form of evidence. Every day people are bombarded with sensationalist news headlines horribly distorting scientific findings and the vast majority parrot what they hear without being able to critically appraise the evidence. I agree that sorting out the quality of RCTs and studies, in general, can be a herculean task, but it's one that's worth doing so we know what works and what doesn't. I see little value in adding a survey of self-reported claims from IC patients were surveyed and thought X, Y, and Z worked for them. That's anecdote (not evidence) and I disagree that it has a place in an encyclopedic entry in an article about a medical condition (aside from, perhaps, a society & culture section about what patients perceive to work best for them but that's often not consistent with more objective forms of evidence). Millions of people will swear to you that homeopathic products make them feel 100% better but it's still implausible pseudoscientific nonsense. The systematic review might potentially be worth including but it will have to undergo the same scrutiny by the community as all other papers considered for inclusion in the article. I don't know if I would characterize "the bar" as doing a complete literature review but Wikipedia is meant to be an encyclopedia, a tertiary source, built on high-quality/reliable (primarily) secondary sources. I think that's important if this is going to be a well-sourced high-quality article. TylerDurden8823 (talk) 03:28, 18 February 2017 (UTC)

Decent source. Added a summary of it here.

Yes to bring Wikipedia to the next level of quality is going to be hard work. It however is much much less difficult editing WP than trying to publish in a major peer reviewed medical journal. And peer reviewed medical journals have no lack of people interested in writing in them.

I am not convinced that the difficulty of editing Wikipedia is the cause for the flat lining of our editor numbers. Part of the evidence I see for this is what little effect VE had on people editing. VE is much easier to edit with but it did not lead to an increase in editors. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 09:46, 18 February 2017 (UTC)

Reference
Source of more information:
 * https://www.cdc.gov/ic/index.html
 * Barbara (WVS) ✐ ✉ and Merry Christmas 23:22, 19 December 2017 (UTC)

Could Ketamine be a cause?
Singapore Med J. 2015 Dec; 56(12): 660–665. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2015185 PMCID: PMC4678404 PMID: 26702160 The clinical presentation and diagnosis of ketamine-associated urinary tract dysfunction in Singapore

Jacklyn Yek, MBBS, MRCS,1 Palaniappan Sundaram, MBBS, MRCS,1 Hakan Aydin, MB, Am Bd Pathology,2 Tricia Kuo, MBBS, MRCS,1 and Lay Guat Ng, MBBS, FRCS1 1. Winstock AR, Mitcheson L, Gillatt DA, Cottrell AM. The prevalence and natural history of urinary symptoms among recreational ketamine users. BJU Int. 2012;110:1762–6.

Chu PS, Ma WK, Wong SC, et al. The destruction of the lower urinary tract by ketamine abuse: a new syndrome? BJU Int. 2008;102:1616–22.

Middela S, Pearce I. Ketamine-induced vesicopathy: a literature review. Int J Clin Pract. 2011;65:27–30.

Tsai TH, Cha TL, Lin CM, et al. Ketamine-associated bladder dysfunction. Int J Urol. 2009;16:826–9.

Hanno PM, Burks DA, Clemens JQ, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, amended 2014. American Urological Association Available at: https://www.auanet.org/education/guidelines/ic-bladder-pain-syndrome.cfm.

Lee CL, Jiang YH, Kuo HC. Increased apoptosis and suburothelial inflammation in patients with ketamine-related cystitis: a comparison with non-ulcerative interstitial cystitis and controls. BJU Int. 2013;112:1156–62.

95.146.100.219 (talk) 16:45, 10 August 2019 (UTC)

Accuracy
I have had IC for 24 years. The information on this page is so wrong I can’t even believe it.

We (my grandmother and mother) all had cystograms which identified the deterioration of the lining of the bladder. That is what IC is. What kind of crack pot wrote this description I can’t imagine. It’s not a ruling out disease. You make it seem like a mental health issue. We live in chronic pain. The best treatment is cystostat which is inserted via catheter. 70.50.99.74 (talk) 19:32, 2 August 2023 (UTC)

 * The current evidence points to most cases of IC being chronic infections missed by lousy tests (much too low sensitivity to refute the overwhelming prior probability of infection, given symptoms). The best current treatment is full-dose narrow-spectrum urinary antibiotics and/or methenamine, taken for long enough.
 * Spidermario (talk) 22:48, 2 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Spidermario (talk) 22:48, 2 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Spidermario (talk) 22:48, 2 August 2023 (UTC)

Correction
IC is not exclusive to females. I am male and have been dealing with it for 5 years. About 2% of sufferers are male. JW0419 (talk) 17:09, 27 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Interstitial cystitis


text: File:Bubbi Morthens (Nóttin Langa).jpg

title: File:Bubbi Morthens (Nóttin Langa).jpg


text:
User talk:Skybum

Streetcar
Putting the protected template on doesn't actually protect anything; it has to be protected by an administrator. The articles were unprotected by another administrator, as administrators aren't supposed to protect pages they're involved in conflicts on. I suggest that you at least remove the protected template, as it's misleading to have it on a non-protected page. --SPUI (talk) 22:31, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the heads-up; I'm still figuring out how things work around here. I do think, however, that we should refrain from either merging the streetcar article or even stating that it should be merged, until we've reached concensus on talk:streetcar Skybum 22:39, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks by the way for the discussion on Talk:Streetcar; I hadn't even thought of it as what vehicles run along it, since that can easily change, while the tracks and other infrastructure are more permanent. --SPUI (talk) 22:45, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Please be civil
This is not good. Please do not refer to other Wikipedians' comments as "ranting" - even if they are. Please remain calm, and let's see if we can't make the article better without resorting to acrimony. I have archived the Talk page and I suggest we all draw a line under what is past. Thanks, Just zis Guy you know? 11:33, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

 * You must take things in context. As I explained, Avidor has called me and other editors on the PRT page "fanatical anti-transit cultists" who "hate trains" and are promoting a "hoax," "joke," "fraud," and "scam," that is a covert "stalking horse for the highway industry".  I'm sorry, but that is ranting, by any and every definition, and the majority of his edits have been straight-forward vandalism.  The block of text which I called "ranting" and removed consisted of largely of specious and paranoid slights on the characters of other Wikipedians. Yet you do not chastise him.  Why? Skybum 15:48, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Have you ever heard the phrase "two wrongs don't make a right?" But the point is this: I don't care what went on in the past.  Not at all.  I have asked Ken to calm down, as you will see from his talk page.  I have asked everyone' to calm down.  We are not going to resolve this by going back over ancient history inna he-said-she-said stylee are we?  Let's all just take a deep breath, send Mr. Ego to the timeout bench and concentrate on the article itself, eh?  Leave me to deal with the foolishness, I do have the necessary Super PowersTM, and don't worry I will not tolerate attacks by anyone on anyone else.  I understand your view, and I do not think Ken's comments were right either, but let's just take it one step at a time.      Things will get fixed, I assure you. Just zis Guy you know? 16:57, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I checked Avidor's talk page. It may have been a Wikipedia glitch, or I may have somehow missed it, but at the time I didn't see your comments there.  Thank you for making them, but I confess that I am having difficulty letting go of the past.  Ken Avidor's abuses here have been egregious; I have seen permanent bans on Wikipedia users for far less obnoxious behaviour than his.  It thoroughly rankles me that he is still allowed to have any part in this process. Skybum 17:11, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

Skybum: hate to nitpick on spelling, but it's "independent". And the adjective is "dependent" (only the noun should be spelled "dependant"). You're using these words a lot so I thought I'd let you know... :-) A Transportation Enthusiast 06:38, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

 * No problem... we all have our spelling blind spots! A Transportation Enthusiast 06:53, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

Don't leave
Skybum: I just read your post on the PRT talk page. I had forgotten about that whole ordeal. You left out an important detail: that just 1 hour before JzG threatened to lock the article, Avidor asked him to do just that on JzG's talk page. This, to me, is compelling evidence that JzG was acting at the behest of Avidor without checking the facts himself.

Anyway, I've had my own battles with JzG recently, but I'm willing to see this through. There is no question that his actions here have been incorrect, even assuming good faith on his part (which I do -- his mistake is he's just too overworked to do his own research, and has relied too heavily on Avidor as his trusted source). I've done a lot of reading in the past few months, and the verifiable literature supports almost everything that JzG has had issues with. It's just a matter of adding references everywhere, and this time doing it the right way -- citing the original published sources as footnoted references. Jerry Schneider's website has a wealth of reprinted articles that we can use, and beyond that there are many other published sources we can refer to.

As for JzG, I'm willing to pursue official action against him, if he continues to treat us the way he's treated us in the past. But I say, let's give him a chance to correct his previous missteps. He's on bereavement leave right now, so I'm waiting to execute some changes to the article until he gets back, out of respect for him and his current situation. But once he comes back, I'd like to start aggressively improving the problems in the current version of the article (and there are several, starting with the quite naive capacity comparison to light rail that speaks nothing of the vast differences in calculating LRT vs PRT capacity). It'd be great if you worked with me on this, because you seem to have a pretty good knowledge on the topic. Fresheneesz and pstudier have been involved in various capacities, and Stephen Streater has been helping to moderate. Perhaps we can get other people involved to provide info on sources.

And if JzG continues to be hostile, we can take it up with the authorities. Certainly the evidence is there (you've documented it again on the PRT talk page) and I have at least 2 or 3 examples in my dealings with JzG. So I think we have a case, should it come to that point. But with Stephen Streater involved (a more friendly neutral party who seems to be less trigger-happy than JzG) and a consensus among us, and reliable sources, I'm hoping we can avoid another fight.

So what I would suggest is: check in on the PRT page every few days, and contribute where you see fit as I and others try to work on some of the problems JzG introduced. A Transportation Enthusiast 23:32, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

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PRT image(s)
Hey, I was wondering if you could "upload new pictures" - overwriting the current one, if you are updating a picture. Pictures have history in the same way articles do, and its much easier to keep track of one page with one history, rather than 2, 3, or more pages. I told this to JJLatWiki as well. I'll add links to the previous pictures on the current picture's page. Fresheneesz 05:56, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the heads-up. I will definitely do that in the future. Skybum 06:41, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

UniModal
Hi, I just wanted to let you know that UniModal is now a real page. However, JzG feels like blanket delting of most of its content without discussion. I was wondering if you could help make a civil debate out of what I hope won't become another battle. Do you still think the article doesn't deserve its own page? Fresheneesz 23:25, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi Freshenesz! I need to get back to Real Life soon, but here's my take on it.  There are roughly four qualities which contribute to the notability of something like this.  From most to least notable, they are 1.) a real-world public installation, 2.) a working prototype, 3.) significant funding (ie, in the millions of dollars), and 4.) significant third-party press coverage (ie, more than just reprints of press releases).  As far as I can tell, Skytran only ever achieved the latter level of notability, and under the guise of Unimodal, it hasn't achieved any of them.  I'll rescind my comment that it doesn't deserve its own page, however, because the short version of its page seems to be okay.  And really, I don't see anything intrinsically wrong with the longer version of the page (especially given the fact that virtually any individual Simpsons episode has an article of similar length), but I feel that, given a hostile user like JzG, it's a matter of choosing one's battles.  One would be better off improving the articles of PRT systems that are more notable (including previous systems).  I'd much rather see the effort put into developing better pages for ULTra, Vectus, Skyweb, Taxi 2000, RUF, Cabintaxi, Morgantown PRT, Aramis, and others which I believe rank higher on my personal "notabilitiy" scale than Unimodal presently does.  And of course, if Unimodal ever achieved any of the other signs of notability, I would fully support expanding its article accordingly. Skybum 01:55, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree with the choosing one's battles thing. And I'm surprised that ULTra doesn't have an article at all yet! Maybe I'll stub one and let you know. But yes, I simply don't see why UniModal *must* be a small article. Its just an idea that I'm interested in much more than others. And I don't think it needs to be a battle, as long as we work toward consensus rather than edit warring. Fresheneesz 20:16, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I wish it didn't have to be a battle, but I'm afraid with JzG around, it will be. So, I'm planning my involvement accordingly.  I would be very interested in helping with an ULTra article, however (and also Vectus -- I'd like the excuse to do some more research on them!).  As for Unimodal, I think that the core technology is quite interesting (it was actually Skytran that got me noticing PRT in the first place), but that their actual system design is fatally flawed.  Their proposition that they don't need to provide handicapped access because it would be cheaper to use vans to get people around is, well, just plain wrong.  Here in Portland, for example, the LIFT handicapped shuttle service costs the city about $19.00 per ride -- around $20 million per year.  If you use a 20-year ROI as a baseline for comparison (which is rapid for transit infrastructure, actually), there's no way that handicapped accessibility would add an extra $400 million to build into a city-wide system.  And even if it did, the level of service provided by the shuttles would be so obviously unequal and inferior that it would never, and I mean never, make it past the ADA lawyers.  (Trust me, I know.  I'm an architect, and can tell you firsthand what it means to run afoul of the ADA.)  So, because of this (and a handful of other less serious flaws), I'm just not particularly interested in Unimodal.  But I don't think that should bar somebody who is interested in them from writing a decent article about them.  Skybum 21:49, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Thats an interesting point about the handicapped thing. Adding support for handicapped people would be a smallish one-time cost, and wouldn't need to affect the per-year cost (the most important benefit of such a system). The only modifications would have to be ramps at portals instead of stairs, and slide-back seats in the pods (plus some sort of more complicated seatbelt situation). Fresheneesz 23:07, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Although.. it might be akward for wheelchaired people to get in a pod.. How did Taxi 2000 try to make that possible? Fresheneesz 23:09, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

 * It requires a bigger vehicle than Unimodal provides. Here is what Taxi 2000 said on p.10 of their rebuttal to the Skyloop report:

The document which applies is the “Code of Federal Regulations: Title 49-Transportation, Part 38-Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) Accessibility Specifications For Transpor- tation Vehicles” (49CFR38). Per 49CFR38, wheelchairs or mobility aids must be posi- tioned in areas having a minimum clear space of 48 inches by 30 inches – see Attach- ments 4. The Taxi 2000 vehicle design satisfies this requirement with a 50-inch by 32- inch space. We have corresponded with Dennis Cannon, Accessibility Specialist with the Access Board and primary author of the ADA regulations applicable to public transit vehicles. He confirmed our understanding that there is no requirement in the CFR for wheelchairs to face forward, except in buses and vans, or to be able to execute a 360- degree turn.

 * So basically, the wheelchair enters head-in, passing through a 32-inch-wide portal, rides sideways, and backs straight out again on exit. In my mind, this isn't necessarily the optimal configuration -- I can think of one, for example, that would enter at a diagonal and ride forward facing; the vehicle could be narrower this way, although it would have to have a wider entrance (around 48 inches) to admit part of the standard 60-inch "turning diameter" circle.  But in any case, there is no way to fit a wheelchair in a vehicle as small as what Unimodal proposes.

 * I don't think that this is a bad thing, actually. Although a sizable majority of vehicles are single-occupant, something like 87% of Americans still by 4-5 person vehicles, instead of motorcycles or Segways.  This is because they like to have the option to travel in groups of that size, even if it costs more to do so.  How would a family with several small children use Unimodal?  They couldn't -- so that (and other) segment of the market is completely unserved by Unimodal's design.

 * I have other thoughs about this, but no time to express them. And I don't mean to put you off in your enthusiasm for Unimodal; I'd like to think of myself as a critic rather than a naysayer, you know? Skybum 03:34, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

ULTra?
Skybum, there is currently no page on ULTra. I think it merits a small article that lists basic features and the Heathrow project. It's perhaps the most notable PRT system in existence these days, being that they are moving towards installation of a real system, so I don't think there will be any resistance to creating one. Cabintaxi has a short article, as well as the now infamous UniModal. I might give it a shot. What do you think? A Transportation Enthusiast 17:57, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Go for it! If I can find the time, I'll definitely help.  By my own personal criteria (explained in the thread above), ULTra is certainly the most notable PRT project currently in existence.  Accordingly, I would actually support giving it a relatively substantial article, if the information is available to do so. Skybum 22:02, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

trans, cats, conflict
Hey there - your comment on the Arcology page alerted me to the Personal rapid transit. Interesting - I'd been thinking there should be an article on Austrans, but now i know about the broader concept (and have created Austrans as a redirect).

I hope the Personal rapid transit conflicts aren't causing you too much grief at the moment - recent edits don't look hostile, but I haven't looked in detail. If you need another perspective/voice on it in future, feel free to ask me. Not that I'm promising to support a particular view, but I do believe in civility and so forth.

I think the category merge (sustainable urban planning into environmental design) was the right thing, but let me know if you disagree.

--Singkong2005 (t - c - WPID) 17:23, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi, and thanks for your interest. You're correct that the recent edits at Personal Rapid Transit are largely uncontentious -- this is because User:JzG, who is a hostile admin, has created such a climate of fear and intimidation that most of the page's editors are afraid to touch it.  Currently, most of that conflict has moved over ULTra (PRT) -- check out its talk page if you want to see some real insanity.

 * Meanwhile, I'd like to know more about the rationale for your category merge. In the professional and academic field, at least as far as I'm aware of it (and I'm an architect, so I guess I'd better be aware of it! :-)), I've generally seen "Environmental Design" used as a blanket term meaning "design of the built environment".  It doesn't necessarily mean "Environmentalist Design" or "design with respect to the natural environment".  (Again, this is just my understanding of it, but if I'm wrong then I've been misinformed since my undergraduate days...).  So, again at first blush, I'd have to say that it doesn't make sense to merge these two categories, but I'm quite willing to hear arguments to the contrary.

 * Thanks for taking a look at the PRT page by the way, and I would absolutely welcome any additional perspectives in that whole nasty morass. Also, if you have enough info / interest in Austrans to start a page of its own, that would be a welcome development -- I'm quite curious about it, and know very little.  Skybum 17:44, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi again... looking over the Environmental design article, I can see how you might have gotten a misunderstanding of the term, because that article is almost wholly incorrect in its definition of the term. I'll have to do something about that... Skybum 18:19, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Admin Noticeboard incident
JzG has posted a note about my recent personal attack (as he calls it). You have been recently involved in the debate so I thought I'd let you know in case you wish to respond. A Transportation Enthusiast 16:45, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you; I have put in my two cents' worth. Skybum 03:18, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

Re: Help
Unfortunately, my participation on Wikipedia is extremely low right now; I don't think I'll be able to invest sufficient attention to your conflict (nor am I certain how effective I'd be). I must certainly thank you, though, for the very nice things you said about me—that's probably the highest praise I've ever gotten here. Let me think about any other good administrators (I can think of a few, but they all seem to be similarly busy at the moment). Good luck with finding resolution! — Knowledge Seeker দ 23:32, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Sustainable design & Environmental design
Some people seem to have misinterpreted you at Talk:Sustainable design, so I wrote a new version of your proposal to try and make it clearer. Please check - also some links/references for your statement about the meaning of Environmental design would help. --Singkong2005 talk 06:09, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

Stephen B Streater
FYI: Stephen has just been nominated for adminship, should you wish to register your vote. Actually, it might even be too early to vote (he hasn't even accepted nomination yet) but if you're interested, keep an eye on it for the next few days.A Transportation Enthusiast 18:47, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

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IRGs etc,
Dear Skybum - thanks for the clear and valid comments.

I had the same reservations as you about putting the articles on but on consideration I thought it appropriate because some of the references have been in academic journals - Journal of information technology for one. Also a book was published which sold reasonably well and is surely a notable event.

Arguably the concepts are noteable in that the ideas expressed in 1980 effectively described many features of the internet, which was yet to come.

I remember when I gave the paper to the Institute of Electical Engineers, and the Library Associatoin it was considered fanciful that all these people would be sitting at home using computers and comminicating world wide.

Don't forget that when the book and the articles were first published was before the date when all articles were captured for on line searches which may explain the shortage of hits.

But at the time the notion of IRG did get picked up by Marquis Who's Who in the World wherein I get a mention as the inventor.

Any waym,I am of course happy to abide by the decisions of Wikipedia editors.

Kind Regards....Engineman.

Hi SkyBum - I am assuming you or someone will contact me via talk? Is that how it works?....Let me know on my talk page ....Regards....Engineman.

IRGs etc,
sky bum - still waiting to hear from you ?

Regards,

Dave

arbitration?
I am considering going to dispute resolution or arbitration against JzG, for his activities on the PRT pages. I wanted to do it back in April, but I took the high road then due to JzG's personal issues; but now it's coming back to haunt me that I didn't do it then. It may be too late now. What's your opinion?

BTW, you've been gone for a while... hope all is well. ATren 18:19, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

Image:Diagramatic PRT layout.png
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Avidor
I'm actively ignoring him now. He can do whatever he wants on the talk pages, I'm not going to bite, and if he tries to add inappropriate stuff to the articles, I'll politely revert with an explanation, and if it continues, I'll go to the noticeboards. I've found that complete avoidance is the only good way to deal with these kinds of things on Wikipedia. ATren (talk) 17:05, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Your strategy is undoubtedly the wiser course of action. Tweaking Avidor is the moral equivalent of shooting rats at the dump: unsportsmanlike, pointless, and you can only end up dirtier in the end -- but when you're feeling bored and have some aggression to burn of, it's a kind of fun thing to do. So I confess that I'm happy to have him give me an excuse. :-) Skybum (talk) 17:29, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

The PRT article
Don't be afraid to be bold in your work there. Past battles have put us all into "walking on eggshells" mode, but I think much of that is in the past, especially for someone like you who seems to have a critical eye towards non-notable or overly-promotional material. So if you see something you think should be changed or removed, just do it. If someone objects, they can revert and/or discuss. See also WP:BRD. (And ignore any inflammatory talk page noise... the best way to defuse unhelpful talk page comments is to ignore them completely. That's something I've learned the hard way. ;-))

Also, if you see uncited claims in the article, add the tag. We now have online access to Irving's Fundamentals book, as well as much of J.E. Anderson's work (see "The J. Edward Anderson Collection" here) so it will be easier to cite those claims. So if you see something that requires a reference but don't have time to dig it up yourself, add the fact tag and I'll do the digging. ATren (talk) 15:57, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

The PRT article in German
Can I (we german speaking peoples) use your picture of ultra for the german PRT article, ?,ultra is also mentioned, sorry I d not have an english account ("zwölfwolt" of german Wikipedia) The tranfer to german wiki seems to be not possible with this copyright. I need to be downloaded on my PC after reistration of wikimediacommon uploaded etc. I took some hours to check and translate the rights. At the end of the day, now it is deleted. I am a bit frustrated --Zwölfvolt (talk) 13:24, 29 December 2008 (UTC)
 * ok thats the past, now its in, thanks al tot. I wrote the most parts in the german PRT article german PRT article, but I intent let to grow to the double (at least). You might know that Germany is a dessert of the PRT Idea--Zwölfvolt (talk) 02:07, 16 October 2009 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Streetcar (carsharing)
A tag has been placed on Streetcar (carsharing) requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a company or corporation, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for companies and corporations.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the article does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that a copy be emailed to you. —  Dæ dαlusContribs /Improve 22:38, 9 November 2008 (UTC)

Re: Your edits of Arcosanti
Thanks, you nailed it on the head. I just completed a workshop and noticed many aspects of the article that needed clarification. There's plenty more work to do, but I'm trying to see what else I can add without getting too detailed. Neum (talk) 15:49, 21 March 2009 (UTC)

Michel Fournier (Adventurer)
Hello Skyburn, I added a question to your remark on the contribution to Michel Fournier (adventurer). I wanted to let you know about it so that you could add a reply on page Talk:Michel Fournier (adventurer).

Cheers. 147.99.222.244 (talk) 11:57, 28 February 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:57, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Skybum


text:
Robert Zammit

Robert Zammit is an Australian veterinarian and television personality.

Career
He practices in Sydney and was a featured veterinarian on the long-running TV show Burke's Backyard. He currently hosts a weekly radio show on 2GB. Zammit initially worked as a consultant veterinary surgeon on A Country Practice then began on-screen work with Channel Seven on Terry Willese Tonight. He later appeared as veterinarian on the Today Show then worked with Kerri-Anne Kennerley on the Midday Show. While still maintaining a veterinary practice on the outskirts of Sydney, his interest in zoo work has seen his family rear some unusual pets including lion cubs, tigers and a puma.

Zammit is an ambassador for the Animal Welfare League of NSW, as well as the director of Zambi Wildlife Retreat alongside Traci Griffiths and Donna Wilson.

title: Robert Zammit


text:
Talk:Foreign relations of the Federated States of Micronesia

Support of Israel "nonintuitive" for a small Island nation?
I removed the following sentence from this article:
 * Observers sometimes find it nonintuitive that a small Pacific island nation should have strong ties to a Middle East state,

because I would first like to see some evidence of these nameless "observers" and because small, geographically distant countries playing international politics is hardly "nonintuitive." Moreover, the reasons for Micronesia's support of Israel is not obscure, but instead quite obvious—namely, the fact that Micronesia is effectively a dependency of the United States (this is not a denigration or criticism). Thus, there is no need to coyly insinuate a fact that is plain to see. --Ryanaxp 22:31, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)

Ryanasp -Fully agree with you edit - I have tried to stenghten sentence by what is perhaps the obvious.


text: User talk:69.168.249.101

title: User talk:69.168.249.101


text:
Category:Dog-related professions and professionals

This is a list of articles about types of people who work with (or are associated with) dogs and about specific individuals in those categories.


text:
Talk:Half-Life 2: Episode One

Making something to inform of Spoilers.
In the "plot" section of the article on almost anything, the text contains spoilers which one might not want to read. So there should be a warning or the plot should be put in a text box that can be opened when you want to read it. Just an opinion. 122.173.170.67 (talk) 08:49, 29 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Please see Spoiler. Mezigue (talk) 11:32, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

Developer's commentary
Hi. I don't want to make unsourced changes to a featured article, but I think it's worth mentioning that this is the first 'proper' Valve title to feature developer's commentary. It first appeared in Lost Coast but that was really just a demonstration level. - Richard Cavell (talk) 11:42, 31 October 2010 (UTC)

Valve Task Force Re-vitalization
Attention, all contributors to the Valve Task Force and the articles it constitutes!

I am here to announce that I will be re-vitalizing the Valve Task Force, aimed at universally improving articles constituting Valve Corporation, their employees, associates and products. This specific task force has been dormant for quite some time and with two very notable releases coming out this year, I feel like this is the appropriate time to re-stimulate the general aim of this group. For those who are not already members of the Valve Task Force, feel free to add your name to our members list and contribute to whatever articles you feel your contributions may prove beneficial for. Valve, its products and notable employees have proven to be essential to the progression of the video game industry, so I'd like to make a call of arms for this cause. D arth B otto talk•cont 22:02, 08 February 2011 (UTC)

Non-PC Release Dates
This article erroneously implies that Episode One launched for all platforms on June 1st, 2006. This is not true. The Xbox 360 and Playstation 3 versions of Episode One were only released in 2007 as part of the Orange Box compilation, and the Mac OS X version of Episode One was launched in 2010. I am going to attempt to correct the Release Date box for Episode One to reflect the differing release dates as was done in the Half-Life 2 and Episode Two articles. If anyone objects to this correction please provide reasoning on this talk page. --67.20.248.170 (talk) 10:05, 16 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Upon further review I do not have the formatting skills to correct the release dates. If someone would kindly make this correction for me it would be greatly appreciated. The current (June 1, 2006) release date is for Microsoft Windows. The Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Mac OS X release dates are the same as for Half-Life 2. The appropriate references are in the Half-Life 2 article. --67.20.248.170 (talk) 10:13, 16 March 2012 (UTC)

System requirements
What are the Windows PC system requirements? Shouldn't these be added to the article? Axl ¤  [Talk]  14:19, 20 April 2013 (UTC)
 * System requirements are considered inappropriate content and should be included only on games which have notable system requirements. Nicereddy (talk) 05:35, 20 January 2014 (UTC)

Legacy section
A decade out and several retrospectives later, doesn't this need a legacy section? We can start with http://www.usgamer.net/articles/10-years-ago-half-life-2-episode-one-began-valves-trail-of-broken-promises  czar  23:09, 2 June 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Half-Life 2: Episode One


text:
File:Megas (Haugbrot).jpg

Summary
Description: Image cover of Haugbrot, an album released in 2001 by Megas. Note: Image present here under the fair use criteria and as an informative reference with no commercial effects. Educational purposes only.

title: File:Megas (Haugbrot).jpg


text:
Solanum quitoense

Solanum quitoense, known as naranjilla (, "little orange") in Ecuador, Costa Rica, and Panama and as lulo (, from Quechua) in Colombia, is a tropical perennial plant from northwestern South America. The specific name for this species of nightshade means "from Quito."

The lulo plant has large elongated heart- or oval-shaped leaves up to 45 cm in length. The leaves and stems of the plant are covered in short purple hairs. Naranjilla are delicate plants and must be protected from strong winds and direct sunlight. They grow best in partial shade.

The fruit has a citrus flavour, sometimes described as a combination of rhubarb and lime. The juice of the naranjilla is green and is often used as a juice or for a drink called lulada.

Classification
Within the genus Solanum, S. quitoense is a part of the subgenus Leptostemonum. Within this clade, S. quitoense belongs to the section Lasiocarpa. Other species within Lasiocarpa include S. candidum, S. hyporhodium, S. lasiocarpum, S. felinum, S. psudolulo, S. repandum and S. vestissimum.

Solanum quitoense resembles and can be confused with certain other species of Solanum (some closely related to S. quitoense and others less so), including S. hirtum, S. myiacanthum, S. pectinatum, S. sessiliflorum and S. verrogeneum. Furthermore, S. quitoense is somewhat variable in appearance, making identification challenging: at least three varietals (with spines, without spines, and a third variety known as baquicha, which features red-ripening fruits and smooth leaves) are known to occur. One characteristic that is unique to S. quitoense is the ring of green flesh within the ripe fruit. The only related fruit to have green flesh is a cultivated variant of S. lasiocarpum.

The new growth of Solanum quitoense is densely covered in protective trichomes, which vary in color from purple to white.

Agriculture
The naranjilla has been proposed as a new flavoring for the global food industry, but its faring poorly in large-scale cultivation presents an obstacle to its wider use. Its fruit, like tomatoes, is easily damaged when ripe, so is usually harvested unripe. The fruits are found at markets, and locals commonly prepare beverages by adding sugar and water to the freshly squeezed fruits.

Pests and diseases
Solanum quitoense has limited potential in large-scale agriculture due to the plant's extreme vulnerability to pests and diseases when grown as a crop. One common type of infection is caused by the root-knot nematode. The ripe fruit is also very delicate and is frequently attacked by fungus, especially when mechanically damaged, so it is often picked unripe to avoid rotting. S. quitoense-specific vascular wilt is caused by a fungus and leads to flaccid fruits and defoliation.

Hybrids are an increasingly popular solution to the nematode pest problem. S. quitoense has been hybridized with other Solanum species, most commonly with S. sessiliflorum, a plant with similar phenotypic traits. The leaves, flowers and fruits of S. sessiliflorum are similar in form to S. quitoense, but the fruits of the former are larger and yellow; the resulting hybrids have fruits with yellowish fruit pulp.

Nutrition

Contents of the fruit varies from region to region. These statistics are based on Costa Rican fruit:

These statistics are based on fruits found in Colombia and Ecuador:

title: Solanum quitoense


text:
Talk:Mesolect

Here's the opening sentence:

 * A mesolect is a register whose character falls somewhere between the prestige of the acrolect and the informality of the basilect

If I hadn't just looked at some related articles, I would have had no idea, after reading that sentence, whether this is about styles of clothing or religious worship or schools for instruction in French cooking or military parades or what. Michael Hardy 22:33, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mesolect


text:
KUNS-TV

KUNS-TV (channel 51) is a television station licensed to Bellevue, Washington, United States, serving the Seattle area as an affiliate of The CW. It is owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group alongside ABC affiliate KOMO-TV (channel 4). The two stations share studios within KOMO Plaza (formerly Fisher Plaza) in the Lower Queen Anne section of Seattle; KUNS-TV's transmitter is located in the city's Queen Anne neighborhood.

History
On February 10, 1988, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued a construction permit for television station KBEH. However, channel 51 did not begin its broadcasting operation until August 8, 1999, transmitting programs from the ValueVision network, which became ShopNBC in 2001 after NBC (now part of Comcast) acquired a 37% ownership stake in that network. In December 2000, the station changed its call letters to KWOG. Previously locally owned and operated and at one point being minority owned, the station was sold to Fisher Communications on September 29, 2006.

On October 31, 2006, the station changed its call letters one more time, this time to the current KUNS-TV. On January 1, 2007, it rang in the year by going from broadcasting home shopping programs to broadcasting Hispanic programming as a Univision affiliate almost instantly, providing viewers with programs such as Sabado Gigante, Despierta América and El Gordo y La Flaca, in addition to an assortment of telenovelas, along with many other programs. The station also started its own local newscast, Noticias Noroeste with Jaime Méndez and Roxy de la Torre. The newscast originates from a studio at KOMO Plaza (formerly Fisher Plaza) in Seattle.

On August 21, 2012, Fisher Communications signed an affiliation agreement with MundoFox, a Spanish-language competitor to Univision that is owned as a joint venture between Fox International Channels and Colombian broadcaster RCN TV, for KUNS and Portland sister station KUNP to be carried on both stations as digital subchannels starting in late September. On April 11, 2013, Fisher announced that it would sell its properties, including KUNS-TV, to the Sinclair Broadcast Group. The deal was completed on August 8, 2013.

On May 8, 2017, Sinclair Broadcast Group entered into an agreement to acquire Tribune Media—owner of Fox affiliate KCPQ (channel 13) and MyNetworkTV affiliate KZJO (channel 22)—for $3.9 billion, plus the assumption of $2.7 billion in debt held by Tribune, pending regulatory approval by the FCC and the U.S. Department of Justice's Antitrust Division; the merger would have required divestitures in the Seattle market, as broadcasters are not currently allowed to legally own more than two full-power television stations in a single market. On April 24, 2018, Sinclair disclosed that it would buy KZJO and sell KUNS-TV to Howard Stirk Holdings, while continuing to provide services to the station; KCPQ would concurrently be sold to Fox Television Stations, which would make KCPQ a Fox owned-and-operated station.

Three weeks after the FCC's July 18 vote to have the deal reviewed by an administrative law judge amid "serious concerns" about Sinclair's forthrightness in its applications to sell certain conflict properties, on August 9, 2018, Tribune announced it would terminate the Sinclair deal, intending to seek other M&A opportunities. Tribune also filed a breach of contract lawsuit in the Delaware Chancery Court, alleging that Sinclair engaged in protracted negotiations with the FCC and the U.S. Department of Justice's Antitrust Division over regulatory issues, refused to sell stations in markets where it already had properties, and proposed divestitures to parties with ties to Sinclair executive chair David D. Smith that were rejected or highly subject to rejection to maintain control over stations it was required to sell. The termination of the Sinclair sale agreement places uncertainty for the future of Fox's purchases of KCPQ and the other six Tribune stations included in that deal, which were predicated on the closure of the Sinclair–Tribune merger.

On October 11, 2023, it was reported that KUNS-TV would become the Seattle market's new affiliate of The CW effective January 1, 2024, replacing KOMO-DT2, which reverted to a full-time affiliation with the Sinclair-owned diginet Comet. The move was controversial within the local Hispanic community as it implied the discontinuation of the only local Spanish-language newscast in Western Washington; Sinclair did not confirm the discontinuation of Spanish-language content in general on KUNS until nearly a month later, having offered Univision a subchannel position that the network declined. KUNS aired its last such newscast on December 31, with Bellingham-based KVOS-TV (channel 12) assuming the Univision affiliation the following day; former co-anchor Jaime Méndez started streaming his own newscast from his Lynnwood home on January 5, 2024, in response to the move.

KUNS officially became a CW affiliate at 6 a.m. PST on January 1, 2024, with the Sinclair national news program The National Desk. When it switched to The CW, rather than any associated CW branding, Sinclair instead rebranded the station as "arc Seattle", with "ARC" standing for "authentic, relatable, community". arc Seattle became the new name of KOMO's daily advertorial program, which re-airs on KUNS.

Subchannels
The station's ATSC 1.0 channels are carried on the multiplexed signals of other Seattle television stations:

Analog-to-digital conversion
KUNS-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 51, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 50, using virtual channel 51.

title: KUNS-TV


text: File:Megas (Þrír Blóðdropar).jpg

title: File:Megas (Þrír Blóðdropar).jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Velena Doty

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 01:47, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Velena Doty
Google only brings up wikipedia results; if she were real, there would certainly be mention of her. Furthermore, any mention of her should be removed from James Doty who is actually a real person. --Golbez 22:35, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Jayjg (talk) 05:21, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, might be real but unknown (if she's merely James' wife/daughter/etc.) but probably made up. Master Thief Garrett 03:19, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Javier Solana Antichrist allegations

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. —Seselwa 22:25, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Comment. The reason it is NPOV is because nobody who even thinks it might be a possibility that Solana is the antichrist has contributed (there were some reverted edits) so of course it is NPOV, --SqueakBox 00:45, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * A truly insane article, unencyclopedic, pandering to fundamentalists, POV. What more to say? —Seselwa 22:35, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Javier Solana is a pretty short article, and everything about him should be put there. at the moment there is no link between that and this article, so it would seem the consent is not to include any info about it. Solana himself stated monday "some American neoconservatives" are hostile to the constitution because it marked "a new rise in Europe's power." may be the basis of a beast free discussion of this subject, --SqueakBox 00:33, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * DELETE!!! I'm offended - are Europeans soooo special that they get to have the Antichrist? Obviously the Antichrist will be an American. Also, despite the concededly insane premise, the article strikes me as rather NPOV - merely presenting a theory to which some hold, rather than a declaration of certain truth. -- 8^D gab 00:36, 2005 Apr 22 (UTC)
 * Delete --Golbez 04:39, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete with extreme prejudice. Wikipedia is not a message board for fundamentalist Christian conspiracy theories.   [ +t, +c ] 05:23, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete On second thought this is not a research paper. WP:What Wikipedia is not.--Cool Cat My Talk 06:44, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, wikipedia is not a soapbox. Megan1967 07:23, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. While even dribbling lunatic theories are worthy of encyclopedia articles if there are sufficient dribbling lunatics to believe them (e.g. Flat Earth Society), this one would appear to have rather a relative lack of adherents. Average Earthman 09:01, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. Pavel Vozenilek 09:38, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete if we can. Some crackpot. And I second the "soapbox" comment. I don't know how else to describe what's so wrong with this, but just... just... get it away from me! Looks like a looney, I hope he never ascends to control the stuff it says he will. Oh, and, again, interesting Armageddon stuff, but WP:WWIN. Master Thief Garrett 03:21, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, that would be a "she" - see User:Cumbey. Soundguy99 17:47, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Comment. I think what some people have been missing is that the beast believers aren't interested in this article; they are interested in Javier Solana, --SqueakBox 04:34, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Could this not be rewritten into a less-paranoid, less-insane non-rant about the (admittedly insane) belief that Javier Solana is the Antichrist? A Man In Black 10:57, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Isn't that like writing an article about how many believe there was a second JFK gunman? You see my point. Ideally this wouldn't exist even when rewritten. Him being called the Antichrist is a matter of opinion (although not as narrow and reduced as a truly POV article by one or two people is) but similarly it's potentially a crysal-ball article. By the time we truly find out if he's the Antichrist or not, the world will have fallen into chaos as the Four Horsemen ride across the battlefields etc. by which point Wikipedia won't exactly be very important any more. Or if he dies first. Whichever. Master Thief Garrett 12:47, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmm. I was considering the possibility that this was a widespread phenomenon (notable in the same way that, say, Timecube is), but after some investigation, it really seems to be a couple of wackos. Delete. A Man In Black 07:05, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * One other possibility is to merge into a "List of famous people whose names add up to 666" or some such thing. Individually, 50+ famous Jewish-descended people could have their names coincidentally add up to 666, and I don't think each and every one deserves his (or her, let's not be sexist here, Jesus might return as a Jessica!) own article. Heck, people *still* think Kissinger's the Antichrist, and yet the Bible says that the Antichrist will "emerge", indicating that before that point he is an unknown/non-noteworthy. Therefore, I don't know that *this* person has a chance any more than poor Kissinger does... but I digress... Master Thief Garrett 12:47, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Uggh, utter rubbish, POV and just bad use of the encylopedia. Goferwiki 23:16, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Are we going to have Antichrist Allegations pages for all prominent figures who have been called the Antichrist by cranks? Firebug 07:07, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no reference to actually how many people believe this theory, original research. I am transwikiing this to Conwiki. silsor 09:49, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; wow. — Davenbelle 18:12, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * weak keep -- the article was meant as a neutral portrayal of an insane belief, and it can do that job still. I don't see how this belief is more insane than, say, the belief that an archangel dictated both the book of Mormon and the Qur'an, that the pope is infallible, or that wafers turn into Jesus' flesh during mass, beliefs that are all duly portrayed on Wikipedia. The question is not, is the belief insane, but is it notable. And the standard of sufficient notability on Wikipedia seems to be GNAA. dab (ᛏ) 06:36, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The difference is that the examples you mentioned are believed by a significant number of people and are the doctrine of many ancient churches. I don't understand why you make this flawed comparison. —Seselwa 13:25, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Nóttin Langa

Nóttin Langa is an album released on 15 November 1989 by Icelandic working class singer Bubbi Morthens. This pop album went to the market from Geisli. Formed by 12 songs Nóttin Langa counted with the participation of guitarist Guðlaugur Kristinn Óttarsson.

title: Nóttin Langa


text:
Sabrina Fair

Sabrina Fair (subtitled "A Woman of the World") is a romantic comedy written by Samuel A. Taylor and produced by the Playwrights' Company. It ran on Broadway for a total of 318 performances, opening at the National Theatre on November 11, 1953. Directed by H. C. Potter, with sets and lights designed by Donald Oenslager, it starred Margaret Sullavan and Joseph Cotten, with Cathleen Nesbitt, John Cromwell, and Russell Collins in major supporting roles.

The critic for The New York Times, Brooks Atkinson, praised both the script and the production for its droll wit, writing that "One of the most attractive qualities of Sabrina Fair is the opportunity it provides for enjoying the foibles and crises of some fairly scrupulous human beings." For Atkinson, the play's clever dialogue placed it beyond a Cinderella romance and into the more exalted realm of high comedy, in the tradition of S. N. Behrman, Philip Barry, and W. Somerset Maugham.

The play has been adapted into two films, a 1954 version starring Audrey Hepburn and a 1995 remake with Julia Ormond.

Plot
Sabrina Fairchild is the daughter of a chauffeur to the wealthy Larrabee family, who live in a mansion on the North Shore of Long Island. Returning from a stay in Paris after working as the private secretary to the "Assistant Economic Commissioner Office of Special Representative for Europe Economic Cooperation Administration", she presents herself as a young woman of beauty, charm, incredible sophistication and zest for living, so different from the domestic's daughter the family had largely ignored. She proclaims her desire "to do everything and see everything, sense everything; to know that life is an enormous experience and must be used. To be in the world, and of the world, and never stand aside and watch."

Although she once had a crush on David Larrabee, the young playboy of the family, and returns to America with a wealthy French suitor in tow, she finds herself drawn to Linus Larrabee, whose intelligence, lack of sentimentality, and knowledge of the world stimulate her. He, of all the Larabees, is the one she is attracted by. When it is revealed that Sabrina's father has amassed a fortune on the stock market over the past decades, she wants to return to Paris, which she feels is her home. As her financial, as well as intellectual, equal, she falls in love with Linus.

The title cites John Milton's song from his masque Comus (1634), which is quoted in the play:

"Sabrina fair, Listen where thou art sitting Under the glassy, cool, translucent wave, In twisted braids of lilies knitting The loose train of thy amber-dropping hair; Listen for dear honour's sake, Goddess of the silver lake, Listen and save."

With its patrician setting, witty dialogue, and development of a romantic plot between two clever and committed idealists across class lines, Sabrina Fair has much in common with Philip Barry's 1928 comedy Holiday.

Films
The play is the basis for the 1954 film Sabrina, directed by Billy Wilder, and its 1995 remake of the same name directed by Sydney Pollack. Wilder's extensive revision of the plot led to Taylor's quitting the project and his replacement by Ernest Lehman.

title: Sabrina Fair


text: Talk:Nóttin Langa

title: Talk:Nóttin Langa


text: User talk:69.37.9.138

title: User talk:69.37.9.138


text: User talk:24.62.103.2

title: User talk:24.62.103.2