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P&O

P&O (in full,  The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company ) was a British shipping and logistics company dating from the early 19th century. Formerly a public company, it was sold to DP World in March 2006 for £3.9 billion. DP World currently operates several P&O branded businesses, P&O Ferries, Istithmar P&O Estates, and P&O Maritime Logistics. It also operates P&O Heritage, which is the official historic archive and collection of P&O.

P&O Cruises was sold in 2000, and is now owned and operated by Carnival Corporation & plc, although the trademark for "P&O Cruises" is still held by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company and used under licence. The former shipping business, P&O Nedlloyd, was bought by and is now part of Maersk Line.

Early years and expansion: 1822–1900
In 1822, Brodie McGhie Willcox, a London ship broker, and Arthur Anderson, a sailor from the Shetland Isles, went into partnership to operate a shipping line, primarily operating routes between England, Spain and Portugal. In 1835, Dublin shipowner Captain Richard Bourne joined the business, and the three men chartered the William Fawcett and started a regular steamer service between London and Spain and Portugal – the Iberian Peninsula – using the name Peninsular Steam Navigation Company, with services to Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon and Cádiz. As the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company was incorporated in 1840 by a royal charter its name therefore included neither "plc" nor "Limited".

The company flag colours are directly connected with the Peninsular flags: the white and blue represent the Portuguese flag in 1837, and the yellow and red the Spanish flag. At the height of the Carlist Wars the British lent their support to the legitimate heirs of Spain and Portugal and all three of P&O founders played their part, from gun running to chartering steamers. As a consequence of this association and involvement P&O officers are some of the few Merchant Navy officers entitled to wear swords, alongside the likes of Trinity House.

In 1837, the business won a contract from the British Admiralty to deliver mail to the Iberian Peninsula and in 1840 they acquired a contract to deliver mail to Alexandria in Egypt. Brindisi, Italy was added to the route in the 1870s.

P&O first introduced passenger services in 1844, with a leisure cruise departing from Southampton to the Mediterranean. These voyages were the first of their kind and the forerunner of modern cruise holidays. The company later introduced round trips to destinations such as Alexandria and Constantinople and underwent rapid expansion in the later half of the 19th century, with its ships becoming larger and more luxurious. One particularly notable ship of the era was the SS Ravenna, built in 1880, which became the first ship to be built with a total steel superstructure.

In 1847, shortly after the Opium War, P&O entered the opium trade; shipping 642,000 chests of Bengal and Malwa opium in the next eleven years. They faced stiff competition from the incumbent shippers, Jardines and the Apcar Line.

Early 20th century years: 1900–1945
Mail contracts were the basis of P&O's prosperity until the Second World War, but the company also continued to become a major commercial shipping line and passenger liner operator. In 1914, it took over the British India Steam Navigation Company, which was then the largest British shipping line, owning 131 steamers. In 1918, it gained a controlling interest in the Orient Line, its partner in the England-Australia mail route. Further acquisitions followed and the fleet reached a peak of almost 500 ships in the mid-1920s. In 1920, the company also established a bank, P&O Bank, that it sold to Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China (now Standard Chartered Bank) in 1927. At this time it established a commercial relationship with Spinney's of Haifa, that developed into a major regional high-end grocery store chain, which eventually provided shipping services access to much of the Middle East. Until 1934 it operated liners from Key West, Florida to Havana; then it operated from Miami to Cuba until 1960.

In 1932, P&O expanded their passenger operations to Australia, with the introduction of Strathaird, which departed on a cruise to Brisbane and Norfolk Island.

Eighty-five of the company's ships were sunk in the First World War and 179 in the Second World War.

Post war: 1945–2000
After 1945, the passenger market declined to India, but boomed to Australia with the advent of paid-passages for literate and healthy European immigrants known as Ten Pound Poms. P&O built 15 large passenger liners, including SS Himalaya (1948), SS Chusan, SS Arcadia (1953), and SS Iberia (1954), culminating in SS Oriana (1959) and SS Canberra, which were an unprecedented speed and size. By 1968, over 1 million immigrants had arrived—many via P&O—and Australia ended the programme. P&O entered the cruise market and began to sell and scrap many of these liners. It concentrated mainly on cargo ships. It entered the tanker trade in 1959 and the roll-on roll-off (RORO) ferry business in the mid-1960s.

P&O and Orient Line were formally merged in 1960 to form P&O-Orient Lines. In 1964, SS Orcades (1947) and SS Oronsay (1950) were transferred to the P&O fleet. The name Orient Line was dropped altogether in 1966 when SS Orsova (1953) and SS Oriana (1959) were also transferred to the P&O fleet.

In 1969, British and Commonwealth Shipping, Furness Withy, P&O and The Ocean Steamship Company established Overseas Containers Limited (OCL) to exploit containerisation. By the early 1980s, it had converted all of its dry cargo liner routes to container operations and in 1986 it bought out the remaining OCL partners, renaming the operation P&O Containers Limited (P&OCL). P&OCL was merged with Nedlloyd in 1996 to form P&O Nedlloyd.

With the development of low-cost air travel and the rising operating costs of ocean liners in the 1970s, P&O refocused its passenger operations on cruise ships. This culminated in the foundation of the subsidiary company P&O Cruises in 1977, under which P&O carried out its subsequent passenger operations.

In 1972, P&O formally absorbed the British-India Steam Navigation Company (BI). The amalgamation of these two companies began in 1914 but BI had retained its own identity until this time. Strick Line and Hain-Nourse, amongst several other lines were also taken over in the early 1970s. BI cargo ships were renamed Strath*M* (Strathmore, Strathmuir, Strathmay, etc.) or Strath*C* (Strathcarron, Strathcarrol), the Strick line ships renamed Strath*A* (Strathanna, Strathaird, Strathattrick (the big "A") etc.) and the Hain-Nourse ships Strath*T* (Strathtruim, Strathtay etc.). The newest ships were 6 Strath*D*s (Strathdoon, Strathduns etc.), SD14s built in Sunderland. P&O also built 6 ships in Stocznia Gdansk, Poland (the Strath*E*s) and 2 ships in Japan (the Strath*F*s) and bought into DOT, a naval shipping company.

In 1975, P&O established Pandoro for operation of the company's Irish Sea RO-RO routes. Pandoro was an acronym for P and O Ro. In 1998 P&O European Ferries (Irish Sea) Ltd was formed by the internal merger of Pandoro Ltd. and P&O European (Felixstowe) Ltd., to run the Irish Sea routes.

In 1987, P&O took over the European Ferries Group Plc—to which it had previously sold its cross channel ferry services in 1985—which traded as Townsend Thoresen, and renamed the company P&O European Ferries.

Over the last quarter of the Twentieth Century P&O diversified into construction management (through the Bovis companies, which it owned from 1974 to 1999), property investment and development, and a variety of service businesses including exhibition and conference centres, but most of these activities were disposed of following the company's decision in March 1999 to concentrate on maritime and transport. Its P&O Ports and P&O Cold Logistics divisions developed from P&O's operations in Australia, where it has a leading position in these fields.

Fastcraft is the name given to the service implemented after the split-up of P&O European Ferries in 1998. The first ship was called Superstar Express (entered service in 1998) and sailed alongside Pride of Cherbourg and Pride of Hampshire between Portsmouth and Cherbourg.

Herald of Free Enterprise incident

On 6 March 1987, the roll on/roll off ferry, MS Herald of Free Enterprise, capsized off the coast of Zeebrugge with 80 crew and 459 passengers aboard. 193 were killed in the capsizing. The operator of the ship, Townsend Thoresen, had been purchased by P&O in 1986.

The incident resulted in a coroner's inquest and a public inquiry. A jury at the coroner's inquest found a prima facie case that the company was guilty of manslaughter, and the Crown Prosecution Service charged the company and seven employees (see corporate manslaughter). The charges did not result in any convictions. As part of the public inquiry, Lord Justice Sheen wrote in a July 1987 report that Townsend Thoresen (the company) possessed a "disease of sloppiness" which permeated the company's hierarchy.

The cases surrounding the incident set a precedent for the prosecution of corporations in cases of manslaughter and criminal negligence in English law.

Divestments: 2000–2005
On 23 October 2000 P&O divested its cruise business to form P&O Princess Cruises. In April 2003 P&O Princess came together with the Carnival Corporation to form Carnival Corporation & plc. In June 2004, P&O sold its 25% stake in Royal P&O Nedlloyd, a major container shipping business into which its container operations had been merged in 1996. Some records state that original staff members partially diverged to form Paeteco Imports and Exports in 2005, a small, privately held international subsidiary of Jcorp. The container company was later (June 2005) purchased by A.P. Moller-Maersk Group.

Takeover by DP World: 2006
On Sunday 30 October 2005 The Sunday Times reported that P&O was in takeover talks with Thunder FZE, a wholly owned subsidiary of Dubai Ports World, a company owned by the government of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. On 29 November, the P&O board announced that it would be recommending an offer of 443 pence per share, worth £3.3 billion (US$5.7 billion) to its shareholders. In early December P&O regained its status as a FTSE 100 company when BPB plc was taken over. A bidding war commenced when Singapore's PSA International made a £3.5 billion offer, which Dubai Ports World then topped with a bid of £3.9bn (US$7bn). Despite speculation that it would make a higher bid, PSA withdrew, and in February 2006 shareholders voted in favour of the offer from Dubai. The combined group is the world's third largest ports operator.

Takeover controversy: 2006
When the merger was approved by the US government in February 2006, the Bush Administration came under fire from critics who questioned the decision to allow an Arab-owned company to oversee US ports.

The move placed the leasehold interests of P&O in New York City, Newark, Baltimore, Miami, New Orleans, and Philadelphia under the control of Dubai Ports World. US operations represent ten percent of P&O's worldwide operations, and consist primarily of cranes and terminals. Many US politicians and media commentators assumed implicitly that the merger would affect port security at ports that P&O either managed or handled the loading and unloading of ships. David Osler, Industrial Shipping Editor of Lloyd's List said that US security procedures and overall port control would not be affected by the transaction.

Several US states sought ways to block the move, citing security concerns as well as the possibility of losing related leases of foreign ports. President Bush stated he would veto any legislation created with the intent to interfere with the change.

Sale of assets: 2006
On 9 March 2006, DP World agreed to sell its terminal operations at the American ports to an American company. On 11 December 2006 it was announced that AIG Global Investment Group, a division of insurance giant AIG, had acquired P&O Ports North America for an undisclosed sum. Investing in infrastructure had become the latest "hot" item for financial firms, and P&O represented a high-profile asset. AIG GIG was an experienced infrastructure investor globally, having also recently acquired the London City Airport.

On 16 December 2006 P&O Dover (Holdings) Limited, a subsidiary of P&O and DP World sold its shares Phase 1 (22.5%) and Phase 2 (owned indirectly 22.5% shares), a port of Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, to a joint venture company of China Merchants Holdings (International) and Modern Terminals Limited (MTL), for which MTL bore the whole cost. Shenzhen was ranked 4th in list of world's busiest container ports and Shekou Container Terminals was one of the four major terminals of Shenzhen.

Operations
P&O (aka DP World) manages two ports in the UK:
 * a container port at the north end of Southampton, and
 * one on the north bank of the Thames, in Essex.

P&O operates the following ferry companies:
 * P&O Ferries
 * P&O Portsmouth
 * P&O Irish Sea
 * P&O Stena Line

title: P&O


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P&O (disambiguation)

P&O is a British shipping and logistics company. It may also refer to:

Shipping

 * P&O Cruises, a British cruise line that was originally part of P&O, now owned by Carnival Corporation & plc
 * P&O Cruises Australia, an Australian cruise line that was originally part of P&O, now owned by Carnival Corporation & plc
 * P&O Ferries, a ferry line that was originally part of P&O, now owned by DP World
 * P&O Irish Sea, a former company, now merged into P&O Ferries
 * P&O Portsmouth, a former company, now merged into P&O Ferries
 * P&O Stena Line, a former company, now merged into P&O Ferries
 * P&O Nedlloyd, a former shipping company that was also originally part of P&O

Shipping related

 * P&O Bank, a bank that the P&O Company founded in 1920 and sold in 1927.

Other

 * Pickling (metal) and oiling raw steel.
 * Phosphate conversion coating and oiling aluminium, zinc, cadmium, silver, or tin.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: P&O (disambiguation)


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User talk:Chunkyhoyo

Welcome to the Wikipedia
I noticed you were new, and wanted to share some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library

For more information click  here . You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Sam Spade 12:21, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism
You have been reported on Vandalism in progress for removing another editor's comment from an article talk page, and for suspected sockpuppetry. I see also that you've made a personal attack. Please read No personal attacks. Your positive contribution to Wikipedia is welcomed, but please note that disruptive edits may result in an editing block. Many thanks, SlimVirgin (talk) 14:52, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chunkyhoyo


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List of submarine actions

This is a list of submarine actions. Submarine actions have been performed in several wars, including the American Civil War (1861 – 1865), the First Balkan War (1912 – 1913), World War I (1914 – 1918), and World War II (1939 – 1945). There have also been three more actions since the end of WWII in 1945.

American Civil War

 * 1864, February 17 – Confederate human-powered submarine H. L. Hunley sinks the Union sloop USS Housatonic (1861) with spar torpedo, off Charleston. The H. L. Hunley thus became the first submarine to successfully sink an enemy vessel in combat, and was the direct progenitor of what would eventually become international submarine warfare.

First Balkan War

 * 1912, December 9 – GREEK SUBMARINE Delfin became the first submarine to launch a self-propelled torpedo at an enemy ship, though the ship did not sink due to a weapons malfunction.

World War I

 * 1914, September 5 – HMS Pathfinder is sunk at the start of World War I by SMU U-21 (Germany), becoming the first ship to ever be sunk by a self-propelled torpedo fired by submarine.
 * 1914, September 22 – German submarine SMU U-9 sinks three unescorted British armoured cruisers HMS Aboukir (1900), HMS Hogue (1900) and HMS Cressy (1899) in approximately one hour.
 * 1914, October 18 – German submarine SMU U-27 (Germany) sinks HMS E3 in the first ever successful attack on one submarine by another.
 * 1914, October 20 – German submarine SMU U-17 (Germany) sinks SS Glitra in the first submarine sinking of a merchant ship during the world wars.
 * 1915, May 7 – German submarine SMU U-20 (Germany) sinks RMS Lusitania killing 1,198 and leaving 761 survivors. The sinking turned public opinion in many countries against Germany, contributed to the U.S. entry into World War I.
 * 1915, May 25/27 – In the morning of May 27 German submarine U-21 sinks the British pre-dreadnought battleship HMS Majestic (1895) off the Gallipoli peninsula. Two days after the same U-boat sunk the pre-dreadnought HMS Triumph near Gaba Nepe.
 * 1916, March 22 – German submarine SMU U-68 is sunk by the Q-ship – a merchant ship carrying hidden weapons – HMS Farnborough in the first successful use of depth charges. (Farnborough sank the SM U-83 in 1917)

World War II

 * 1939, September 17 - German U-boat GS U-29 (1936) sinks HMS Courageous.
 * 1939, October 14 – German U-boat GS U-47 (1938) sinks HMS Royal Oak in Scapa Flow base. The First Lord of Admiralty Winston Churchill officially announced the loss of Royal Oak to the House of Commons, first conceding that the raid had been "a remarkable exploit of professional skill and daring".
 * 1940, October 17–19 – The most effective wolfpack of the world wars including Kretschmer, Prien and Schepke sinks 32 ships from Convoy SC 7 and Convoy HX 79 in two days.
 * 1940, November 23 – GS U-100 (1940) sinks 7 Allied Merchant ships from Convoy SC-11 in only 3 hours.
 * 1941, November 13 – U-81 strikes HMS Ark Royal (91) with a single torpedo. She sinks the following day due to crippling damage.
 * 1941, November 28 - Dutch submarine HNLMS O-21 becomes the only submarine to sink another submarine while they were both surfaced when she sinks German submarine U-95 with a stern torpedo.
 * 1942, June 7 - The I-168 sinks the US aircraft carrier USS Yorktown (CV-5) and the USS Hammonn (DD-214) who was attempting to save the Yorktown from battle damage she had received in the Battle of Midway.
 * 1942, September 15 – Japanese submarine I-19 sinks U.S. aircraft carrier USS Wasp (CV-7) and destroyer USS O'Brien (DD-415) and damages battleship USS North Carolina (BB-55) with a single salvo.
 * 1942, November 13 - I-26 sinks USS Juneau. The dead includes all five Sullivan brothers.
 * 1943, March 16–19 – The largest North Atlantic U-boat wolfpack attack of the world wars sinks 22 ships from Convoys HX 229/SC 122.
 * 1943, April 29 – May 6 – Convoy ONS 5 is the last major North Atlantic wolfpack attack by surfaced U-boats as escorts demonstrate effective use of radar to sink 6 U-boats in low-visibility conditions.
 * 1943, May 14 – GS U-640 or GS U-657 is the first submarine sunk by a homing torpedo.
 * 1944, November 29 – USS Archer-Fish sinks Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano, the largest vessel of that time.
 * 1943, October 31-November 1 – USS Borie and U-405 engage in a pitched battle ending with Borie ramming the submarine. Both ships are lost.
 * 1945, January 30 – Soviet submarine S-13 sinks the German ship Wilhelm Gustloff, with older and cautious estimates of 6,000 but more recent estimates of more than 9,000 casualties.
 * 1945, February 6 – Royal Navy submarine HMS Venturer (P68) becomes the only submarine to sink another submarine while they were both submerged when she sinks GS U-864 off Norway.
 * 1945, April 16 – Soviet submarine L-3 sinks the German ship Goya, with 6,000–7,000 casualties.
 * 1945, July 30 - USS Indianapolis is sunk by the Japanese submarine I-58. She suffers the largest loss of life of an American ship.

Post-World War II

 * 1971, December 9 – Pakistani Daphné-class submarine PNS Hangor during the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War sinks the Indian frigate INS Khukri (F149). This was the first ship sunk by a submarine since World War II. Hangor also damaged another warship, INS Kirpan. This was the heaviest casualty that the Pakistani Navy inflicted on the Indian Navy in the war. After the attack on Khukri, the Indian Navy ceased its attacks on Karachi and moved the focus of its operations to East Pakistan ports like Chittagong and Cox's Bazar.
 * 1982, May 2 – British nuclear submarine HMS Conqueror sinks Argentine cruiser General Belgrano off the Falkland Islands. It was the first sinking of any vessel by a nuclear-powered submarine in wartime and also the first time that a nuclear-powered submarine fired weapons in an act of war.
 * 2010, March 26 – A North Korean 2-men midget submarine sinks the South Korean corvette ROKS Cheonan off Baengnyeong Island.

title: List of submarine actions


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LMS Jubilee Class 5552 Silver Jubilee

London Midland and Scottish Railway's number 5552 (British Railways' number 45552), named Silver Jubilee was a Jubilee Class 4-6-0 express steam locomotive. It was specially named for the Silver Jubilee of George V.

Overview
The original 5552 was the first of the class that emerged in June 1934 from Crewe Works (Maker's number: 63 Lot Number: 97). The original 5552 however swapped identities with classmate 5642 in April 1935 (built December 1934 Crewe, Makers Number: 203 Lot Number: 112, later named Boscawen). 5552 was given a special livery of all over black (it originally had been, like the rest of the class, painted crimson lake) with silver lining and specially cast chrome numbers and named Silver Jubilee to mark the silver jubilee of George V. This scheme was retained until the 1948 nationalization by British Railways. The rest of its class were thereafter officially known as the Jubilee Class.

It originally had a low degree superheat domeless boiler but received a high degree superheat domed boiler in 1940. The loco was allocated to several LMS depots during its service, including Longsight, Manchester, in 1947/48, from where it ran on express trains to London Euston and other destinations. It was renumbered 45552 in 1951, receiving new cast numbers. It was also given a livery of Brunswick green during the 1950s. 45552 was withdrawn in September 1964, and scrapped at Cashmore’s, Great Bridge.

Preservation
Although 5552 was not preserved, it has been represented in preservation. In 1994, classmate 5593 Kolhapur was disguised as 5552 in original livery to mark the silver jubilee of the preserved Great Central Railway. In 2003, another preserved Jubilee, 5690 Leander was temporarily renamed Golden Jubilee for the Golden Jubilee of George V's granddaughter HM Queen Elizabeth II, though retaining the crimson lake livery.

title: LMS Jubilee Class 5552 Silver Jubilee


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Constance of Castile

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result was Procedural close. This AfD has managed to sit untranscluded and undiscovered for almost 20 years. (non-admin closure) Queen of Hearts 08:19, 30 January 2024 (UTC)__EXPECTED_UNCONNECTED_PAGE__

Constance of Castile

 * – ( View AfD View log | edits since nomination)

The information should be saved. This is either a place for disambiguation article, or the conceivedly more important of those (which in my opinion is the Constance who married John of Gaunt and was pretender queen regnant of Castile) should keep this and the other should be given another title. Actually, the other is also known as "Constance of Penafiel" in history books. 62.78.121.20 12:23, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Udo Voigt

Udo Voigt (born 14 April 1952) is a German politician and former Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the far-right and Neo-Nazi party National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) between 2014 and 2019. He was a member of the European Parliament Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs. He served as leader of NPD from 1996 to 2011. By profession, he is a former captain in the German Air Force and has a master's degree in political science from LMU. Voigt has in recent years become a strong supporter of Vladimir Putin and has said that Germany should have "a chancellor like Putin."

Early life and career
The son of a former Wehrmacht officer, Voigt was born in Viersen. After graduating from high school, he became an airframe mechanic apprentice. In 1971, he had studied aerospace engineering at the Aachen University of Applied Sciences for two terms, but did not graduate. In 1972, he was conscripted by the Bundeswehr. Later, he worked in the German Air Force from 1972 to 1984 and graduated as an officer from the Luftwaffe Officer's School. He served in Germany and at a NATO facility in Greece. Between 1982 and 1987, he studied political science at the Munich School of Political Science and graduated with a master's degree in political science from LMU.

Political career
Voigt joined the NPD at age 16 in 1968. He was elected as party chairman in 1996, succeeding Günter Deckert. From September 2006 till 2010, Voigt was an elected member of the Berlin municipal government in the Treptow-Köpenick district. He has been previously unsuccessful in the European Parliament elections and when running for mayor of Saarbrücken.

On 13 March 2008, Voigt was charged (for at least the second time) with incitement ("Volksverhetzung") for distributing racially charged pamphlets. In 2009, he was given a seven-month suspended sentence and ordered to donate €2,000 to UNICEF. Voigt protested against the charge, claiming it was politically motivated.

On 13 November 2011, Voigt was replaced as leader of the NPD by Holger Apfel.

Voigt was elected as a member of the European Parliament in the 2014 European Elections.

title: Udo Voigt


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William Wilkins

William Wilkins may refer to:

 * William Wilkins (architect) (1778–1839), British architect and archaeologist
 * William Wilkins (American politician) (1779–1865), American politician from Pennsylvania; served in both houses of Congress and as U.S. Secretary of War
 * William Wilkins (educator) (1827–92), Australian teacher and co-founder of Fort Street High School
 * William Glyde Wilkins (1854–1921), head of W.G. Wilkins Company, an architectural and engineering firm in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
 * William Henry Wilkins (1860–1905), English writer
 * William J. Wilkins (judge) (1897–1995), American lawyer and judge from the state of Washington
 * William Wilkins (British politician) (1899–1987), British Labour Party MP for Bristol South, 1945–1970
 * Willie Wilkin (1916–1973), American football player
 * William J. Wilkins (architect) (died 1932), American architect who worked in the Carolinas
 * William Walter Wilkins (born 1942), former United States federal judge
 * Billy Wilkins (active from 1991), Christian musician with the band Third Day

title: William Wilkins


text:
User:Smk

Comrade Academician. TeX User Group Member. Occasional Information Specialist. Restored Podcaster. Amateur Radio Operator (General Class). Basic Trained ICS Staffer. Technically retired GS-8 Bureaucrat. Occasional Domestic Missionary. An oddity in the Stone-Campbell world. Ubuntu Member.

Yes, I have little patience with people over the conflict still happening in Ukraine when people side with  the Russian Federation.

title: User:Smk


text:
User talk:Whodunit

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you. --Viriditas | Talk 12:28, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia.  --Viriditas  | Talk 12:36, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * [[Image:Stop_hand.png|left|30px]] This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia.  Guy M (Talk) 14:07, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. andy 11:18, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

You have been blocked from editing for twenty-four hours for vandalising Wikipedia. If, when the block expires, you choose to contribute sensibly to Wikipedia, you'll be welcomed; if you continue to vandalise, you'll be blocked for a longer period. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 11:37, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I think this account will be blocked forever also as well as any future. Wikipedia is here for years and had survived people like you before so there's thick chance it will survive now as well. Pavel Vozenilek 22:02, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Whodunit


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Heer Ranjha

Heer Ranjha ( (Shahmukhi), ਹੀਰ ਰਾਂਝਾ (Gurmukhi)) is one of the four popular tragic romances of the Punjab. The other three are Mirza Sahiban, Sohni Mahiwal and Sassi Punnun. There are several poetic narrations of the story; by far the most famous being Heer by Waris Shah written in 1766. It tells the story of the love between Heer Sial and Dheedo Ranjha.

History
Heer Ranjha has been written by several poets. Damodar Gulati, who was first to narrate the tale, claimed to be its eyewitness. His Qissa is deemed to be the oldest Heer in Punjabi literature. He stated himself to be from Jhang—the home of Heer. 16th century poet Shah Hussain also used the tale in his Kafi. Waris Shah later re-narrated the story in his novel in 1766, in which he stated that the story has a deeper meaning, referring to the unrelenting quest that man has towards God.

Plot
Heer (Izzat Bibi) is an extremely beautiful woman, born into a wealthy family of Sial tribe while Dheedo Ranjha, who is from Ranjha clan, is the youngest of four brothers and lives in the village of Takht Hazara by the river Chenab in Punjab. Being his father's favourite son, unlike his brothers who have to toil in the lands, he leads a life of ease, playing the flute ('Wanjhli'/'Bansuri'). After the death of Ranjha's father, Mauju Chaudhry, Ranjha has a quarrel with his brothers over land, and leaves his home. In Waris Shah's version of the epic, Ranjha leaves home because his brothers' wives refused to serve him food. Eventually he arrives in Heer's village and falls in love with her. Heer's father offers Ranjha a job herding his cattle. Heer becomes mesmerized by the way Ranjha plays his flute and eventually falls in love with him. They meet each other secretly for several years until they are caught by Heer's jealous uncle, Kaido, and her parents Chuchak and Malki. Heer is forced by her family and the local priest or 'Maulvi' to marry another man named Saida Khera.

Ranjha is left heartbroken. He wanders the countryside alone, until he eventually meets a Jogi (ascetic). After meeting Gorakhnath, the legendary founder of the Kanphata (pierced ear) sect of Jogis at Tilla Jogian ("Hill of Ascetics"), Ranjha becomes a Jogi himself, piercing his ears and renouncing the material world. While reciting the name of the Lord, he wanders all over Punjab, eventually finding the village where Heer now lives.

The two return to Heer's village, where Heer's parents agree to their marriage - though some versions of the story state that the parents' agreement is only a deception. On the wedding day, Kaido poisons her food so that the wedding will not take place, in order to punish the girl for her behaviour. Hearing this news, Ranjha rushes to aid Heer, but is too late, as she has already eaten the poison-laced food and has died. Brokenhearted once again, Ranjha eats the remaining poisoned food and dies by her side.

Heer and Ranjha are buried in Heer's hometown, Jhang. Love-smitten couples and others often pay visit to their mausoleum.

Legacy and influence
Heer Ranjha is part of the Qissa genre of tragic love stories, along with tales such as Laila Majnu and Sassui Punnhun.

Because its plot involves a romance opposed by family members and ends with the two lovers dying, the story is often compared to the Shakespeare play Romeo and Juliet.

In popular culture
The epic poem has been made into several feature films since 1928:

In 2013, the television serial Heer Ranjha, directed by Shahid Zahoor and produced by Yousuf Salahuddin, aired on PTV Home. Heer Ranjha is a 2020 Indian Punjabi-language period drama television series starring Amaninder Pal Singh and Sara Gurpal in the lead roles. It aired on Zee Punjabi and is based on the folktale of Heer and Ranjha.

In music
Bally Jagpal British musician has a song named "Ranjha" dedicated to their story. The British musician Panjabi MC references the tale of Heer and Ranjha in his 2003 song Jogi. It has been sung by various Pakistani singers, including the classical/traditional artist Ghulam Ali.

The tale is mentioned in popular Bollywood songs such as "Ranjha" by Rupesh Kumar Ram from the movie Queen ,"Ranjha Ranjha" by Rekha Bhardwaj and Javed Ali from the movie Raavan and "Dariya" from the movie Baar Baar Dekho.

The names of Heer and Ranjha have been referred in the song lyrics of "One Love: The Taj Anthem" by A.R. Rahman.

Also the movie Tamasha (2015) has some mentioning of their love story and also a song in that same movie starting with Heer's name.

Alam Lohar is renowned for reciting Heer in various styles and one of the first international folk singers to bring this story in a song format.

The song Khaireyan De Naal from Shafqat Amanat Ali's debut solo album, Tabeer (2008), tells the tale of Heer Ranjha.

One of the songs of 2012 Hindi film Jab Tak Hai Jaan has been named "Heer".

Also, the 2018 Hindi film Race 3 has a song named "Heeriye" which refers to Heer and Ranjha.

In 2020, popular Indian YouTuber Bhuvan Bam wrote and sang "Heer Ranjha". The song depicts the brutal customs of society in the Indian subcontinent and has garnered more than 10 million views.

In Raf Saperra's 2023 single "Ranjha", he sings from the perspective of Heer longing Ranjha's return after she is married off and he becomes a jogi.

title: Heer Ranjha


text:
Stone City (Nanjing)

The Stone City is the site of an ancient fortified city within Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China. Almost all of the original city is gone; all that remains are portions of the massive city wall.

History
The original town was built during the Warring States period (475-221 BC) by people from the Chu kingdom. The city was expanded during the Later Han Dynasty and a wall, about 9000 m in circumference, was built around the Chu-era city.

Sun Quan (182-252), ruler of the Wu Kingdom, had what is now called Stone City built on a hill overlooking the Yangtze. It was used for naval training by General Zhou Yu (175-210). On a political visit to the area, the prime minister of the Shu Kingdom, Zhuge Liang (181-234) described the Qingliangshan Hill and Stone City area as "Zhongshan curling like a dragon and the Stone City crouching like a tiger".

The stone wall is all the remains from the ancient city. The ancient city is strongly enough associated with Nanjing that Nanjing itself is sometimes referred to as "Stone City".

Park
One of the most famous of its landmarks is the "Ghost-Faced Wall". The ancient city wall from Caochang Gate to Qingliang Gate  has been strengthened to prevent it from collapsing.

Transportation
The area is accessible within walking distance north west of Hanzhongmen Station of Nanjing Metro.

title: Stone City (Nanjing)


text:
Cambridge University Association Football League

The Cambridge University Association Football League (CUAFL) is a football league between the Colleges of Cambridge University organised by the Cambridge University Association Football Club.

Origins of collegiate football
Football in Cambridge was being played on Parker's Piece as far back as the 1830s. However it was not until 1855 that the university had a formal football club, Cambridge University Association Football Club, making it one of the oldest clubs in the world. Collegiate football helped spread the game in the 1870s, and the first competition for these teams was held in 1882–1883. The format was a knockout tournament based on the FA Challenge Cup, which had been created in 1871. The first entrants included nine colleges (Caius, St. John's, Clare, St. Catharine's, Pembroke, Sidney, Jesus, King's and Trinity Hall) and three old boys sides (Old Harrovians, Trinity Etonians and Trinity Rest). It is likely that the university, quick to follow The FA in hosting a cup competition, also soon followed the idea of William McGregor, the founder of The Football League, by creating the Cambridge University Association Football League.

The Modern Era
For the 2006–2007 season, the number of teams in the league reached 78, and in the 2007–2008 season, 31 clubs and 75 teams entered CUAFL competitions. This means that at least 800 people play college football each season, however this is a very conservative estimate.

Competitions
CUAFL organises Seven divisions as well as four cup competitions, 'Cuppers' and the Plate for first teams, the Shield for second teams and the Vase for lower teams.

Cuppers is a knockout tournament with pairings drawn completely at random at the first captain's meeting of the season. There are no seeds and byes are only awarded if the number of entrants requires them. The final is contested the neutral venue of Grange Road. The competition starts in the fourth week of Michaelmas term. In 2004–2005, 31 teams entered the competition, including 26 full colleges, one college affiliated to the university, two local schools, and Cambridge's other university, ARU. To be eligible for entry, teams must be affiliated to CUAFL. Each club may only enter one team, which must be their 1st team. There are five rounds in total.

Cuppers was first contested in 1882–1883. The first entrants included nine colleges (Caius, St. John's, Clare, St. Catharine's, Pembroke, Sidney, Jesus, King's and Trinity Hall) and three old boys sides (Old Harrovians, Trinity Etonians and Trinity Rest).

The Plate competition is for teams that have been knocked out in the first round.

In recent years, when St. Catharine's College has been victorious in Cuppers they have challenged the Oxford University Cuppers Champions to a one-off "Supercuppers" match. In 2007, they defeated Brasenose College Oxford 3–2 (after extra time) in a match held at St. Catharine's Sports Fields, Cambridge. In 2009, they played St. John's College Oxford at Iffley Road, Oxford, and again were victorious 3–2.

Girton College went mixed in 1976 and the first male under-graduates arrived in October 1979. The college started playing in the college league, in division 5, for the first time in the 1980–81 season and won two successive promotions. In season 1986–87, with two blues players, Chris Elliott and Ian McKinnon, they made it through to the semi-finals of Cuppers, losing narrowly in extra time to Downing. By 1993–94, they made it to the top division and in 1997–98, they were crowned league champions for the first time, a feat they repeated in 2003–04. In 1995 they won Cuppers for the only time in their history, beating APU in the final. Since then they have been Cuppers Runners up on 5 occasions, in 1999, 2001, 2003, 2008 and 2018.

Since 2014, Homerton College and Gonville & Caius College, the only two colleges with fourth teams that year, have competed for the Bucket in an annual informal 'cup' match. Homerton College won the inaugural contest 1–0. As of 2021, Gonville & Caius College hold the Bucket.

Results
The results of the principal competitions are shown below.

The combined results of the Cuppers competition is shown below.

Board of directors
CUAFL President: Dr John Little


text: Category:Transport in Cornwall

title: Category:Transport in Cornwall


text:
Talk:Herbert Sutcliffe

17 minutes?
In the second Test at the MCG he was on the field for all but seventeen minutes of a six-day match. See scorecard. The match lasted for seven days (which I have edited already) but the 17 minutes stat is wrong. From the scorecard it is obvious that it refers to the second innings (Chapman came in at the fall of Sutcliffe at 280 and he batted for 16 minutes).

In the first innings, Sutcliffe was fifth out with the score at 404. The last five wickets took the score to 479 in approximately 66 minutes.

Unless someone has an objection, I intend to change seventeen minutes to 'an hour or so'.--Tintin1107 12:34, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Changed 17 minutes to an hour (it is more like 80 minutes). Feel free to revert if you have an authentic source. --Tintin1107 04:23, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

Average
If I am not mistaken, Bradman's average is 99.94, which is much higher than Sutcliffe. No disrespect to the player, for he was in a league of his own, but to say that Bradman's was only a scratch higher is a misrepresentation. I haven't changed it, because I do not know how to word it in context of the sentence. I will leave it up to someone else. --Argonavtica) 00:42, 22 Dec 2005 (UTC)

 * I think you've misread it. It says he's 4th in the list. The next 2 players up (Headley 60.8 and Pollock 60.9) have only fractionally higher averages. Bradman's average is a league apart - ie "more than a fraction" higher. - "His Test batting average of 60.73 is the fourth highest of any player, and only Don Bradman's is more than a fraction higher. " - is correct and doesn't say that Bradman's average is only a fraction higher than his. --LiamE 17:36, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

Well...
I don't know where the "seventeen minutes" came from, but it may be wrong.

One thing I must say is: how did Sutcliffe fail to gain a single nomination in the 2000 Wisden Cricketer Of The Century poll?? The 2000 Wisden itself is remarkable for not noticing this fact: his figures, given the conditions he faced, were at his peak without comparison, really.

F-c average

 * Sutcliffe's first-class career batting average of 51.95 is bettered among batsmen with over 30,000 runs only by Hammond.

Only if you restrict the filter to those who have completed their careers: as I write, Hick has 38,125 runs at 53.47. I've edited the text slightly for this reason, but my wording is a bit inelegant so maybe someone else can find a better form of words. Besides, Hick's career is very much in its later stages now, and he's likely to end up with a better average than Sutcliffe even once he's retired.

Also, Cricinfo give Sutcliffe a f-c average of 52.02 (as reflected in the Infobox) as opposed to 51.95 in the text; presumably this is a similar disagreement as with the number of Hobbs' f-c centuries (where Cricinfo claim 199, rather than the usual 197). Personally I'd prefer to use Wisden stats, but in an Infobox, with Cricinfo explicitly mentioned as the source, I think I really do have to use the precise numbers they give. Loganberry (Talk) 00:42, 27 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Boycott(48,426 at 56.8) and Hutton (40,140 at 55.5) both beat that record too so I was going to remove that sentence. However it looks like its true if we change 30,000 to 50,000. The 50,000 plus list is of course a very short one though. --LiamE 12:08, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Assuming Hick plays no further first-class cricket, which seems almost certain (though I suppose it's just possible he could make a Gooch-style appearance for MCC or something) his final f-c average is 52.23, so he does indeed (just) beat Sutcliffe. Loganberry (Talk) 18:28, 3 May 2009 (UTC)

Well, is this the same man?

 *
 * Austerlitz -- 88.72.16.2 10:01, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

-- 88.72.16.2 10:05, 11 May 2007 (UTC)
 *

 * Nope. --LiamE (talk) 16:15, 6 February 2009 (UTC)

Family
I am overwhlemed to see that Herbert's name still lives strong. I am his great grandaughter, grandaughter of one of his two children Barbara. I am currently on teaching practice, studying to become a PE teacher and came across this whilst researching cricket and teaching styles. Keep it up! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.219.81.179 (talk) 10:04, 5 May 2009 (UTC)

Source
A key source for this article should be Herbert Sutcliffe: Cricket Maestro by Alan Hill, published 2007 (2nd edition) by Stadia. The book has won the Cricket Society Literary Award. Jack | talk page 03:56, 5 June 2010 (UTC)

Opening Partnerships
There should I think be more on his partnerships with Hobbs for England, including the number of ventury partnerships they shared (which I think is still a record for any pair of England openers), and more about the famous partnership against Australia at The Oval in 1926. Also there is no mention of Percy Holmes in the article at all! There needs to be something about their opening partnerships for Yorkshire. Again their number of century partnerships should be included, and their famous 555 partnership of 555 at Leyton - breaking Brown and Tunnicliffe's existing f-c record (I think for any wicket, not just the first) - should be covered. (I wrote something about that partnership for the Leyton Cricket Ground article, which you are welcome to use. JH (talk page) 19:47, 5 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree. Percy has now arrived, by the way, our paths having crossed.  Something is also needed about Sutcliffe's status, which he shared with Hammond, as a new type of professional who went into business and, instead of coaching at a public school, sent his own son to one.  I'm working chronologically at the moment and have covered his developing years up to his first season, which was a remarkable one.  Much more to come.  Jack | talk page 21:19, 5 June 2010 (UTC)

Sutcliffe's approach to cricket
With regard to his not being the typical Yorkshire professional, it's noteworthy that - as the article mentions early on - he became a commissioned officer during WW1. Maybe the Army was more progressive than Yorkshire CCC! Incidentally, did Neville Cardus really "resent" Sutcliffe's Saville Row suits? If so, it seems rather hypocritical of him, given his own poor background and subsequent career.
 * I should say that even the dinosaurs were more progressive! :-)
 * Good question about Cardus but I got it from Birley who usually seems plausible, apart from certain errors of detail. The quote about "bourgeois profession" is straight from Cardus and he did also make a point about a "Teddington accent", but I think Birley goes a bit too far when he says Cardus foresaw "the collapse of the old feudal order". I think Cardus definitely preferred his Emmotts to his Herberts, though. Jack | talk page 18:21, 6 June 2010 (UTC)
 * The only book of Cardus's that I actually own is Close of Play, published in 1956. I thought I vaguely remembered something about Sutcliffe in it, and on looking out the book I found I was right. There's a piece called Sutcliffe and Yorkshire. Reading it, it's clear that Cardus admired Sutcliffe and relished his idiosyncracies of character. I wonder if Birley perhaps took some joking remark too seriously. So I'm going to change "resented" to some more neutral word. The piece is full of quotable material. I'll try to avoid getting carried away, but when time permits I'll have to add one or two quotes from it. JH (talk page) 17:03, 7 June 2010 (UTC)

Review
Some initial thoughts:
 * There are several statements in the lead which, unless repeated later on in the article with citations, need citations there. I'm thinking in particular of the (undoubtedly true) claim that he was one of the greatest opening batsmen; that on the Bodyline tour he was publicly supportive of Jardine whilst privately disapproving of the tactic; that he was one of the first professionals to become a successful businessman - I'd be inclined to reword it as "Sutcliffe became a successful businessman", as how many predecessors managed that would be very hard to establish.
 * Later on, in the "Approach to batting" section the statement that "Sutcliffe's approach was essentially professional" I feel would be better reworded. That's because "professional", especially in the context of cricket, can mean several different things, and I'm not sure that the wl really helps to clarify, as it mainly deals with the traditional professions. Unfortunately I can't think of another single word that would be a suitable synonym for "professional" as it's used in this sentence.
 * Childhood: Is Gabblegate correct, or is it perhaps a typo for Gablegate? "In 1911, his prowess at cricket earned him an offer of clerical employment in a local textile mill..." That needs expanding, as otherwise it looks like a non sequitur.

I've done a little copy-editing of the lead and Childhood sections. JH (talk page) 18:16, 12 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Hi John. Thanks for your help with this.  I'm more than happy to field any review comments here rather than on my home page.
 * The lead has been rewritten, although it might need further revision yet. I always find it difficult to be satisfied with lead sections!  I've taken your advice about previous businessmen as there were a number (e.g., Clarke, Wisden, Shaw, Shrewsbury).  Everything in the lead is a summary of what follows in the detail so I've not bothered with any citations there at present.
 * I've expanded on what I meant by professional approach as it was essentially about his determination to win the match.
 * The connection between the mill owner and the local club has been established so I think we're just about okay on that one.
 * And Gabblegate is correct as a typical Yorkshire spelling curiosity. My favourite has always been Slaithwaite (near Huddersfield) which is pronounced Slow-it (and the "slow" rhymes with "allow" not with "low").  :-)  Jack | talk page 16:17, 16 July 2010 (UTC)

Thomson on Sutcliffe
I know that we already have a lot of quotations, but I can't resist adding one more, by A. A. Thomson, as I think it's illuminating. Some text was emphasised in the original text by being in italics. I've attempted to preserve the emphasis by making those words unitalicised ("Sutcliffean" and "I love a dog-fight") where the rest is in italics. JH (talk page) 19:39, 19 July 2010 (UTC)

ODNB
A few points gleaned from CMJ's entry on Sutcliffe in the ODNB (usually subscription only but currently free as a "life of the week" ): Some of these points could be incorporated in this article, but I will leave the authors to decide which. -- Ferma (talk) 16:46, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * his father was William (1864–1898); his mother was Jane Elizabeth née Bell (1867–1904)
 * was he nine or ten when his mother died?
 * educated at Pudsey School (not currently mentioned)
 * also from Pudsey are John Tunnicliffe, Len Hutton, and Ray Illingworth
 * Leveson-Gower wrote in 1925 - "Many who through the plodding years of county cricket had known his name only as one among dozens which stood for efficiency, not for greatness, have now discovered in him a player ... who has placed himself amongst the Immortals"
 * he deliberately got himself out after he and Holmes achieved their record opening partnership of 555
 * his first-class batting average exceeded 50 in eight consecutive seasons from 1925 to 1932
 * CMJ's text says he was "the only cricketer to play through every season between the wars" (1919 to 1939)
 * scored over 1,000 runs in each of the 21 seasons between the wars (1919 to 1939)
 * younger professionals at Yorkshire called him "maestro"
 * he was 29 when he made his Test debut and 40 when he played his last Test in 1935
 * CMJ's text says his batting style was "strictly functional and simple ... yet not without its own artistic flourish [as] attacking shots would finish with a late curve of the bat"
 * Hobbs admired his thoroughness and envied his ability as a public speaker
 * when he lost his England place Denis Smith, he is said to have remarked "Who is Smith?"
 * he served on a Royal Commission on betting, lotteries, and gaming (1949-1951, chaired I think by Henry Willink) and on the rugby league disciplinary committee
 * he was a freemason at a lodge in London
 * Hutton said "He was correct in all he did, on and off the field, but never so ambitious as to forget that he was playing in a team game."
 * Ellis Robinson said "He set a perfect example ... one of his great attributes was ... his guts. Many times I have seen him black and blue, after taking the brunt of the bowling on his body, rather than play the ball, thus resisting the chance of getting out."
 * his funeral was held at the United Reformed church in Otley and his cremation at Rawdon crematorium

Birthdate
I have a copy of Herbert's School enrollment at Darley and his birthdate is given as 24 Feb 1895. The GRO confirms that he was registered Ist the first quarter of 1895. I note that in the 1901 census he is staying in Pudsey with his Grandparents and aunts.
 * I'm afraid this is demonstrably wrong. Aside from the fact that all other sources (Cricinfo, CricketArchive and Hill's biography) give the 24 November 1894 birthdate, which carries some considerable weight against finding your own primary sources, a little OR of my own reveals that this cannot possibly be correct. this, or if your prefer, this shows that Herbert Sutcliffe, son of William and Jane Elizabeth Sutcliffe was baptised at Nidderdale on 4th December 1894. It is certainly him, and he could hardly have been baptised if he had not been born. Perhaps the school enrollment was a mistake: his parents were dead by then, which might explain it. I've reverted to the old birthdate. Sarastro1 (talk) 16:52, 3 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Further confirmation of 24 November 1894 being correct is published mid-February 1925 in an article reviewing the 1924-25 Ashes tour - here The section on Sutcliffe includes the comment "..He celebrated his thirtieth birthday shortly after his arrival in Australia.." RossRSmith (talk) 07:11, 4 May 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Herbert Sutcliffe


text:
Linda Riordan

Linda June Riordan (née Haigh; 31 May 1953) is an English Labour Co-operative politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Halifax from the 2005 general election until standing down in 2015.

Early life
Riordan was born in Halifax and graduated from the University of Bradford. She served as a Calderdale councillor for eleven years, representing the Ovenden ward from 1995 to 2006, when she stood down to devote herself full-time to her role as an MP. She worked as private secretary for her predecessor as Halifax's Labour MP Alice Mahon between 2001 and 2005, and was active in the local Co-operative Party as secretary and treasurer. She was chosen as the Labour candidate from an all-women shortlist but her candidacy was at first opposed by the Party's ruling National Executive Committee owing to concerns about selection process. She was later allowed to stand.

Parliamentary career
Riordan was elected in 2005 and returned to Parliament with a reduced majority in 2010.

She served on various select committees including the Justice Committee, the Procedure Committee, the Environmental Audit Select Committee, the European Scrutiny Committee and the all-Party Crossrail Committee. She was one of 16 signatories of an open letter to Ed Miliband in January 2015 calling on the party to commit to oppose further austerity, take rail franchises back into public ownership and strengthen collective bargaining arrangements In February 2015 she announced that she would be standing down at the general election in May, citing ill health.

Expenses
In December 2010 it was revealed that Riordan had secretly repaid £105.86 in wrongly claimed expenses. The repayment came about after Riordan had used House of Commons stationery for party political purposes. Riordan apologised, blaming volunteers for the incident.

In October 2012, the Speaker of the House of Commons, John Bercow, blocked the release of data showing which MPs were letting their homes to other MPs for financial gain. However, a study of parliamentary records was published in The Daily Telegraph. This article listed problematic expense claims by Riordan and 26 other MPs, and said that she received rental income from a flat she owned in London which was rented out through an agency to fellow Labour MP Iain McKenzie and was, at the same time, able to claim expenses on another flat she rented in the city under an arrangement allowed by IPSA rules. Riordan, along with other MPs, said that under new rules she was banned from receiving mortgage interest expenses by IPSA and, as a result, had been forced to let the property.

Days after the report, Riordan put the flat on the market, having previously tried to sell the flat in 2010. She pledged to ensure that any profit she gained from the sale would be paid back to the taxpayer.

Personal life
She was married to Alan Riordan from 1979 until his death in April 2007, aged 65, of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

title: Linda Riordan


text:
Julio César Chávez Jr.

Julio César Chávez Carrasco (born 16 February 1986), best known as Julio César Chávez Jr., is a Mexican professional boxer who held the WBC middleweight title from 2011 to 2012. He is the son of former three-division world champion of boxing, Julio César Chávez, and older brother of Omar Chávez.

Personal life
Chávez Jr. was born in the state of Sinaloa, when his father held the WBC World Championship at super featherweight. His face became known to boxing fans when his father would take him and his brother Omar into the ring as children, before each of Chávez Sr.'s fights. As a teenager, Chávez Jr. endured some difficult moments, including a widely publicized relationship between his father and actress Salma Hayek and the subsequent divorce of his parents. Chávez Jr. lived in relative obscurity until he announced that he would follow in the footsteps of his father and become a boxer.

He also has a sister, Nicole.

Amateur career
Chávez's amateur career consisted of only two fights against former world champion Jorge Páez's oldest son Jorge Páez Jr.; both of the exhibitions bouts were shown on Mexican television. -

Early career
After those amateur fights, Chávez Jr. started his professional boxing career at 17 years old. On 26 September 2003, at Super Featherweight (130 lbs), he won his professional debut by outpointing Jonathan Hernandez over six rounds in Chávez Jr.'s native Culiacán, Sinaloa. Chávez Jr. was signed with Bob Arum's Top Rank. Many of his fights have been held during boxing programs that have been headed by his father; he has also been featured on the undercards of many major pay-per-view fights (rare for an up-and-coming fighter, but not unexpected in his case given his father's fame). He is considerably taller than his father. Chávez Jr. set a fighting pace that was reminiscent of Chávez Sr.'s own pace when the latter was a younger man: in 2004, he fought eleven times, not having a fight only in August during that year.

Chávez won by a split decision over Matt Vanda 12 July 2008. Scores for the fight were 97–93 and 100–90, while losing 96–95 on another card. Chávez struggled with making weight for several bouts and was suspended following his win over Troy Rowland for using a banned diuretic, furosemide, to make the 160-pound weight limit. As a result, the fight was changed to a no contest.

Middleweight
On 26 June 2010, at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Chávez Jr. had a win against John Duddy, in what many regard as his first serious fight.

In December 2010, Alfonso Gómez was signed to match up against the undefeated Chávez Jr. at middleweight (the contracted weight was 157) for Chávez Jr.'s WBC Silver Middleweight belt on the In Harm's Way card as the main event. However, during training for the bout, Alfonso tore some ligaments in his left elbow and had to withdraw from the card and undergo a few months of rehab. For his part, Chávez Jr. was set to fight Paweł Wolak as a replacement bout, but after adjusting the weight limit for said match to 165 lbs, Chávez Jr. had to pull out due to the flu messing up his training and weight loss and then in January he went on to beat title contender Billy Lyell.

Chávez Jr. vs. Zbik
On 4 June 2011, Chávez defeated WBC Middleweight Champion Sebastian Zbik to win his first world title at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California, taking a major step toward establishing his own legacy while his famous father looked on. He was behind early against Zbik, who was the quicker fighter and landed more punches early. But Chávez kept coming forward, countering with hard body shots that seemed to slow his German opponent down. The fight drew 1.5 million viewers on HBO: Boxing After Dark making it the most viewed since 2007 when Paulie Malignaggi fought Lovemore Ndou.

Chávez Jr. vs. Manfredo Jr.
Chávez Jr. successfully defended his Middleweight title with a fifth-round knockout of Peter Manfredo Jr. in Houston on 19 November 2011.

Chávez was marginally outworked, but he landed a higher percentage of punches and more power shots than Manfredo. In the fifth round, Chávez hurt Manfredo with a hard right hand and unloaded a flurry when the challenger wobbled and backed up on the ropes. He didn't answer with any punches and referee Laurence Cole finally stepped in to call it at 1 minutes, 52 seconds. The fight averaged 1.5 million viewers on HBO.

Chávez Jr. vs. Rubio
On 4 February 2012, at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, Chávez faced Mexican countryman Marco Antonio Rubio in a 12-round scheduled championship Middleweight bout. Chávez Jr. retained his WBC Middleweight title after beating Rubio by a unanimous decision. Chávez bossed the majority of the exchanges and was awarded the fight 118-110 116-112 115–113 on the judges' scorecards. Chavez landed 237 of 560 punches thrown (42%) whilst Rubio connected 201 of 962 punches (21%). The fight was watched by 19 million viewers in Mexico. In the US, the fight was shown live on HBO: Boxing After Dark and averaged 1.9 million viewers.

Two weeks before the fight, Chávez was arrested in Los Angeles on charges of drunk driving.

Chávez Jr. vs. Lee
On 16 June 2012, at the University of Texas at El Paso, Sunbowl in El Paso, Texas. Chávez Jr. recovered from a slow start he blamed on leg cramps and stopped Andy Lee at 2:21 of the seventh round to retain the WBC Middleweight title. A right uppercut by Chávez snapped Lee's head upwards and sideways and Chávez connected on a barrage of punches before referee Laurence Cole intervened and waved an end to the fight. The fight averaged 1.6 million viewers on HBO.

With the victory, Chávez put himself in position for a title-unification fight with recognized World Middleweight Champion Sergio Martinez.

Chávez Jr. vs. Martínez
A deal was reached for Chávez and Sergio Martínez (49-2-2, 28 KO) to fight on 15 September 2012, at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas for the Unified WBC and The Ring Middleweight Championship.

Martínez outworked and out-landed Chávez throughout the first 11 rounds of the fight in dominating fashion. Though Chávez had his moments, trapping Martínez in the corner on the ropes, Martínez fought Chávez and used his fast lateral movement to avoid and neutralize Chávez's offensive attack. After 11 dominant rounds from Martinez, Chávez hurt Martínez in the twelfth round, sending him to the canvas halfway through the round. Martínez got up with a little over one minute left in the fight and continued to throw and trade with the Mexican champion, despite being fatigued and clearly hurt. Martínez managed to survive the 12th round. Martínez won the fight by unanimous decision, by the scores of 117–110, 118–109 and 118–109. It was later revealed that Martinez had fought with a broken left hand since the fourth round. A total of 16,939 tickets were sold to generate a live gate of $3,052,475. HBO reported the fight generated 475,000 pay-per-view buys and close to $25 million in revenue. Chávez Jr. received a purse of $3 million, compared to Martinez's $1.4m.

After the fight, Chávez tested positive for cannabis. On 28 February 2013, the Nevada State Athletic Commission suspended him for nine months and fined him $900,000. Chávez had been already fined $20,000 and suspended indefinitely by the World Boxing Council.

Chávez Jr. vs. Vera I
After a year of suspension, Chávez faced Brian Vera on 28 September 2013 at the StubHub Center in Carson, California. Chávez struggled with the weight before the fight weighed in at 172 pounds for a fight contracted in 168 pounds. The night of the fight he weighed 186 pounds. Like the fight against Martínez, Chávez threw very few power punches while Vera dominated the fight. In the late rounds, although Chávez landed the harder punches throughout the fight. Chávez won a controversial unanimous decision. He threw 320 punches, while Vera threw 734. The decision was heavily criticized by the audience. After the fight, Chávez stated that he fought with an injured hand.

Chávez Jr. vs. Vera II
A rematch was held on 1 March 2014, at the Alamodome of San Antonio, Texas. Contrary to what happened in the first fight, Chávez came out more aggressive and proposed the fight. He kept the distance with the jab and landed power punches. In the eleventh round he landed a powerful right hand that nearly knocked Vera out. Chávez won via unanimous decision claiming the vacant WBC Continental Americas super middleweight title.

Chávez Jr. vs. Fonfara
After a long break from boxing, Chávez Jr. decided to face Andrzej Fonfara, a bout in which Chávez was dominated and dropped by a left hook to the forehead in the 9th round. The fight took place on 18 April 2015 at the StubHub Center, Carson, California. Before the 10th round begun Chávez told his corner "Stop the fight" making it his first TKO in his career. After fight Chávez said "Yes, I think I won the fight". Some words were lost in translation; he meant to say he felt he was winning the fight at early stages of the bout. Chávez was behind in all three judges score cards at the time of the stoppage.

Chávez Jr. vs. Reyes
Chávez announced that he would be returning on 18 July 2015 against fellow Mexican Marcos Reyes (33-2, 24 KOs) at the Don Haskins Convention Center in El Paso, Texas, in a 10-round super-middleweight bout. Due to Chávez not making weight the fight time, a catchweight of 170 pounds was established. Chávez was fighting for the first time with renowned trainer Robert Garcia. Chávez won a unanimous decision over Reyes with scores off 97–92, 98–91, 96–93. Reyes started each round with more activity and by landing shots. However, Chávez landed three or four heavy shots that moved Reyes' entire body. The punches seemed to stun Reyes and gave Chávez control of the rounds. The pro Chávez crowd began to jeer his performance during and after the fight.

Chávez Jr. vs. Britsch
In October 2016, it was announced that Chávez Jr. would be making a return on 10 December 2016 at the Monterrey Arena in Mexico against German boxer Dominik Britsch (32-2-1, 11 KOs). A catchweight of 169 pounds was agreed by both fighters. Chávez confirmed he would be trained by his uncle, Rodolfo Chávez. With a win here, Chávez Jr. would look to fight Canelo Álvarez next. Chávez Jr. officially weighed in at 168 pounds, the limit for super middleweight.

Chávez Jr. picked up his 50th win of his career after defeating Britsch in a one-sided 10 round unanimous decision in front of a very small crowd in Mexico. All three judges scored it 99–91 in favor of Chávez. In the post fight interview, Chávez called out Canelo and Gennady Golovkin, "I am happy with the win and my performance. I am ready to come back in two or three months. I don't need another fight. I am ready for a world title fight with anybody or any other big fight."

Chávez Jr. vs. Álvarez
Negotiations began soon after for a potential HBO PPV fight to take place between Chávez and Canelo Álvarez in 2017 on the Cinco de Mayo weekend, as there was interest from both sides that a fight take place. Golden Boy president Eric Gomez confirmed a catchweight of 165 lbs was agreed between both sides. WBC president Mauricio Sulaiman was on board and said it was a "very attractive fight." and would likely get his organization involved in the fight.

Julio César Chávez spoke on 18 December about the ongoing negotiations saying Golden Boy were offering his son a small amount for the potential big PPV fight. He went on to claim his son was offered a $5m purse with no mention he would get a cut of the PPV revenue, a counter offer was submitted. A rematch clause was also discussed, which Chávez Jr. and his team had no problem with. Chávez Sr. went on to admit that he was fully aware Álvarez is the A-side in the fight, and would settle for no less than 30-35% of the full revenue. On 24 December, Álvarez and his team gave Chávez a week to accept the terms, which included a purse of $7m, or he would consider other options. On 12 January 2017 De La Hoya and Álvarez called for the contract to be signed, which was supposedly sent to Al Haymon, who advises Chávez Jr. and urged him to sign it. A day later, Chávez Jr. claimed he had agreed all the demands set by Álvarez and was said that he would sign the contract. According to Chávez Jr. the new demands included a weight limit set at 164.5 pounds and a $6 million base purse plus PPV revenue percentages.

On 13 January, Álvarez officially confirmed the fight to take place on 6 May 2017. A rematch clause was also put in place if Chávez Jr. wins the fight and another clause for every pound Chávez Jr. weighs over the limit, he would be fined $1 million. On 4 February, Golden Boy Promotions announced that the fight would take place at the T-Mobile Arena in Paradise, Nevada. The fight was announced a sell out on 3 March with 20,000 tickets being sold after they initially went on sale to the public on 20 February.

According to the Nevada State Athletic Commission, it was reported that Álvarez would earn $5 million and Chávez would earn $3 million before any shares of PPV. The figures would increase based on PPV sales.

In front of a sold-out crowd of 20,510, Chávez lost the fight by a shutout unanimous decision. All three judges scored it 120-108 for Álvarez. Chávez was very cautious throughout the fight. At times, he came forward and also had Álvarez against the ropes, but failed to throw any punches. This led to jeers from the crowd in the later rounds due to lack of action. Chávez spoke to HBO's Max Kellerman in the post fight interview, "Speed and distance was a problem. He's a good fighter, very fast and very consistent. Canelo beat me. He beat me at the distance. He is a very active fighter. He's very good, and he beat me." CompuBox Stats showed that Álvarez landed 228 of 604 his punches thrown (38%) and Chávez landed 71 of 302 (24%). By the end of round 5, Álvarez landed 102 punches compared to Chávez's 25 landed. Chávez admitted he should have thrown more, but his corner was telling him to be aware of Álvarez's counter punches. Early figures revealed that the fight generated at least 1 million buys. A replay was shown on regular HBO a week later and drew an average of 769,000 viewers.

This was the first boxing match to generate over 1 million PPV buys that didn't include Mayweather, Pacquiao or De La Hoya since 2002, which saw Lennox Lewis retain his heavyweight world titles against Mike Tyson. Later sources confirmed the fight did close to 1.2 million buys, which means it would have generated around $80 million.

Return to super middleweight
Following the loss to Alvarez, Chávez Jr. said he would be making a full comeback at 168 pounds in the super middleweight division. He said he would fight again towards the end of 2017, most likely December. A potential name he had mentioned was former WBA 'regular' middleweight champion Daniel Jacobs. On 23 July, Chavez Jr. tweeted that he could return as soon as October 2017 and named Martin Murray (35-4-1,16 KOs) as a potential opponent.

Chavez Jr. on 17 September, announced that he would fight at the full super middleweight limit of 168 pounds against former WBC champion Anthony Dirrell (30-1-1, 24 KOs) at The Forum in Los Angeles, California, on 11 November 2017. Three days later, Dirrell spoke out on his local Michigan paper, Mlive, saying "Don't believe that," immediately denying that he had agreed to fight Chavez Jr. On 10 October, trainer Nacho Beristain stated that Chavez would return in December 2017. On 24 October, Beristain revealed that he could not get in touch with Chavez Jr. regarding their training camp. A new date of 16 December was considered for his new return date to the ring. Beristain stated that Chavez was returning to his hold training habits. He told ESPN Deportes that if he did not hear from Chavez in the next 10 days, he would not be working his corner. On 14 November 2017, fellow Mexican Alfredo Angulo (24-6, 20 KOs) was named as a possible opponent as both boxers being advised by Al Haymon. Chavez told ESPN Deportes that he had hoped to reach an agreement with Beristain to work his corner.

A year later, after announcing different return dates which included August 2018, on 14 November, the return of Chavez Jr. was finally announced to take place on 1 December 2018 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles against Alfredo Angulo in a 10-round bout. The fight would take place on the Deontay Wilder vs. Tyson Fury Showtime PPV undercard. Chavez Jr. stated he would campaign at super middleweight and pursue a world title in 2019. On 25 November, there appeared to be some doubt on whether the fight would actually take place. Sources indicated Chavez Jr. had not 'complied with the necessary medical exam requirements' and thus unable to obtain the necessary license. The fight was cancelled a day later as Chávez Sr stated his son was not ready to return.

On 10 August 2019, Chavez finally made his return to the ring after not having boxed for 2 years and 3 months and knocked out unrecognized Colombian Evert Bravo (25-10-1 with 9/10 losses coming by KO) in the 1st round in front of a crowd of 6000 fans at the Antonio R. Márquez Stadium in San Juan de los Lagos, Jalisco.

Chavez was then brought to much controversy, after he was then scheduled to face Daniel Jacobs in Las Vegas. A month before the fight, he did not make weight and was fined and the fight was pushed back to December. On 20 December in Phoenix, Chavez lost to Jacobs via a Round 5 TKO after claiming, "his nose was broken and couldn’t breathe", and also to a broken hand. This sparked outrage due to Chavez "quitting on his terms", resulting in fans throwing trash and beer into the ring and at Chavez Jr., and at major stars such as former heavyweight champion Andy Ruiz Jr., the middleweight champion Canelo Alvarez and even Chávez' father. July 2020 he gets an indefinite suspension for failing to provide a drug test in December 2019 fight.

Chavez Jr vs. Cazares
He was scheduled to face Mario Abel Cazares on 25 September 2020, with the bout serving as part of the undercard for an exhibition match between Chávez' father and former four-weight world champion Jorge Arce. Chavez lost the fight via technical decision, after he was pulled out of the fight in the sixth round, due to a bad cut from an alleged headbutt from Cazares.

Chavez Jr vs. Minda
In his next fight, on 27 November 2020, Chávez Jr faced Jeyson Minda. Chávez Jr dropped Minda in the second, third and fourth round. The last knockdown prompted Minda's corner to stop the fight early, and earn Chávez Jr a TKO win.

Chavez Jr vs. Silva
In March 2021, it was announced that Chávez Jr would face former UFC Middleweight Champion Anderson Silva on 19 June 2021. Chávez Jr missed the contractual weight of 182 lbs. after weighing in at 184.4 lbs. and forfeited $100,000 of his purse to Silva. Despite the massive difference in experience in records of 52-5-1 (34 KOs) to Silva's 1-1 (1 KO) in boxing, Chavez Jr lost the fight via split decision, being outstruck throughout the fight.

Chavez Jr vs. Hall
Chávez Jr was scheduled to face former UFC Welterweight title contender Darren Till, on the Jake Paul vs. Mike Tyson card on 20 July 2024 in a six round cruiserweight bout. However, due to a personal issue with Mike Tyson, the event was postponed and will now take place on 15 November 2024.

A separate event on 20 July 2024 will take place and Chávez Jr will face former UFC fighter Uriah Hall at the "Jake Paul vs. Mike Perry" event and it is unknown why Till is not competing.

Trainers
Chávez has been trained by two of his uncles, who have been criticized for not putting their foot down with the young fighter in terms of discipline. Chávez needed more motivation and guidance so he switched from his uncles to famous Freddie Roach to his corner.

On 3 February, Chávez Jr. revealed that he had hired hall of fame trainer Ignacio "Nacho Beristain" for the Álvarez fight. Beristain later confirmed the announcement. He also revealed he had hired Angel "Memo" Heredia as his strength and conditioning coach. Nacho and Heredia previously worked together whilst training Juan Manuel Marquez. In early April, Nacho threatened to split with Chávez Jr. during a verbal clash. Nacho revealed that Chávez Jr. wanted to finish up training camp and travel to Mexico City or Las Vegas to finish up before the fight. Nacho wanted Chávez Jr. to remain in Temoaya, Mexico, which is 3,200 meters above sea level, until the end of April. Nacho said that he wanted to remain his trainer after 6 May.

title: Julio César Chávez Jr.


text:
Saskia Sassen

Saskia Sassen (born January 5, 1947) is a Dutch-American sociologist noted for her analyses of globalization and international human migration. She is a professor of sociology at Columbia University in New York City, and the London School of Economics. The term global city was coined and popularized by Sassen in her 1991 work, The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo.

Education
From 1966, Sassen spent a year each at the Université de Poitiers, France, the Università degli Studi di Roma, and the University of Buenos Aires, for studies in philosophy and political science. From 1969, Sassen studied sociology and economics at the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, where she obtained a M.A. in 1971 and a Ph.D. degree in 1974, under the direction of Fabio Dasilva. She also received a master's degree in philosophy from the University of Poitiers in 1974.

Academic posts
After being a post-doctoral fellow at the Center for International Affairs at Harvard University, Sassen held various academic positions in and outside the US, such as the Ralph Lewis Professor of Sociology at the University of Chicago. She is currently Robert S. Lynd Professor of Sociology at Columbia University and Centennial Visiting Professor of Political Economy in the Department of Sociology at the London School of Economics.

During the 1980s and 1990s, Sassen emerged as a prolific author in urban sociology. She studied the impacts of globalisation such as economic restructuring, and how the movements of labour and capital influence urban life. She also studied the influence of communication technology on governance. Sassen observed how nation states begin to lose power to control these developments, and she studied increasing general transnationalism, including transnational human migration. She identified and described the phenomenon of the global city. Her 1991 book bearing this title made her a widely quoted author on globalisation. An updated edition of her book was published in 2001. In the early 2000s, Sassen focused on immigration and globalization, with her "denationalization" and "transnationalism" projects (see Bibliography and External Links, below). Her books have been translated into 21 languages. Committee on Italian, European and International Criminal Procedure – Ibrerojur.

Family and upbringing
Sassen was born in The Hague, Netherlands in 1947. In 1948, Sassen's parents, Willem Sassen and Miep van der Voort, moved to Argentina and the family lived in Buenos Aires. Her father was a Dutch collaborator with the Nazis, a Nazi journalist, and a member of the Waffen-SS. In the 1950s, Willem Sassen was close to Adolf Eichmann when both were living in Argentina, and she recalls him visiting her childhood home. This association caused her and her mother to leave Argentina while she was still a child. Saskia Sassen spent part of her youth in Italy and says she was "brought up in five languages."

She is married to sociologist Richard Sennett.

Authored books

 * The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001) 2nd ed., original 1991;ISBN 0-691-07063-6.
 * The Mobility of Labor and Capital. A Study in International Investment and Labor Flow (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988) ISBN 0-521-38672-1.
 * Cities in a World Economy (Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Pine Forge Press, 2018) updated 5th ed., original 1994; Series: Sociology for a new century, ISBN 1-4129-3680-2.
 * Losing control? Sovereignty in An Age of Globalization (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996) Series : University seminars — Leonard Hastings Schoff memorial lectures, ISBN 0-231-10608-4.
 * Globalization and its discontents. Essays on the New Mobility of People and Money (New York: New Press, 1998), ISBN 1-56584-518-8.
 * Guests and aliens (New York: New Press, 1999) ISBN 1-56584-608-7.
 * The global city : New York, London, Tokyo (Princeton : Princeton University Press, 2001) updated 2d ed., original 1991; ISBN 0-691-07063-6.
 * Territory, Authority, Rights: From Medieval to Global Assemblages (Princeton: Princeton University Press, May 2006) ISBN 0-691-09538-8. Awards for TAR: Winner of the 2007, Distinguished Book Award, Political Economy of the World-System Section, by ASA; Winner of the 2007 Robert Jervis and Paul Schroeder Best Book Award, International History and Politics section, by APSA
 * Elements for a Sociology of Globalization [or A Sociology of Globalization] (W.W. Norton, 2007) ISBN 0-393-92726-1.
 * Expulsions: Brutality and Complexity in the Global Economy (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2014) ISBN 978-0674599222.

Edited books

 * Global networks, linked cities, ed. Saskia Sassen (New York : Routledge, 2002) ISBN 0-415-93162-2, ISBN 0-415-93163-0.
 * Digital Formations: IT and New Architectures in the Global Realm, eds. Robert Latham and Saskia Sassen (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005) ISBN 0-691-11986-4, ISBN 0-691-11987-2.
 * Deciphering the Global: Its Scales, Spaces and Subjects (New York: Routledge, 2007).

Book chapters

 * "Mediating practices : women with/in cyberspace", in eds. John Armitage and Joanne Roberts, Living with cyberspace : technology & society in the 21st century (London : Athlone; New York : Continuum, 2002) viii, 203 p., ISBN 0-485-00444-5, ISBN 0-485-00636-7, ISBN 0-8264-6035-6, ISBN 0-8264-6036-4.
 * "Beyond sovereignty: de facto transnationalism in immigration policy", in eds. Friedmann, Jonathan and Randeria, Shalini, Worlds on the move : globalization, migration, and cultural security (London; New York : Tauris 2004) xix, 372 p., 24 см, Series : Toda institute book series on global peace and policy 6, ISBN 1-86064-951-3.
 * "Electronic markets and activist networks: The weight of social logics in digital formations", in Digital Formations: IT and New Architectures in the Global Realm, eds. Robert Latham and Saskia Sassen (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005) ISBN 0-691-11986-4, ISBN 0-691-11987-2, p. 54-88.
 * "When Places Have Deep Economic Histories", in eds. Goldsmith, Stephen and Elizabeth, Lynne,  What We See: Advancing the Observations of Jane Jacobs (Oakland, CA : New Village Press  2010) pp 263 – 275, ISBN 978-0-9815593-1-5.

Articles

 * "Embedded borderings: making new geographies of centrality", Territory, Politics, Governance, March 2017.
 * "How Population Lies : True, big cities no longer draw big numbers. But that doesn't mean their power is slipping too.", Newsweek International, July 3–10, 2006.
 * "Predatory Formations Dressed in Wall Street Suits and Algorithmic Math", Science, Technology & Society, February 2017.
 * "'One of the most culturally diverse cities in the UK': Saskia Sassen on Manchester", City Metric, June 2017.
 * "Migration policy: from control to governance : In the United States and Europe alike, immigration policy isn't working -- and the failure is most evident at the crossing-points of the rich and poor worlds, from the Mexican border to the Canary Islands.", openDemocracy (July 13, 2006).
 * "The repositioning of citizenship and alienage: Emergent subjects and spaces for politics", Globalizations, volume 2, number 1, (2005), p. 79-94.
 * "Regulating Immigration in a Global Age: A New Policy Landscape", Parallax, volume 11, number 1 (2005), p. 35-45.
 * "Comment: We seem to have forgotten history", The Guardian (February 26, 2004).
 * "Going Beyond the National State in the USA: The Politics of Minoritized Groups in Global Cities", Diogenes, volume 51, number 3 (2004), p. 59-65.
 * "The new lords of Africa", in The Guardian July 9, 2003; also in Peacework, volume 30, number 338, September 2003, p20-21, ISSN 0748-0725.
 * ""A message from the global south," (Special report: Terrorism in the US), The Guardian (September 12, 2001).
 * "Special report: refugees in Britain — Unstoppable immigrants", in The Guardian (September 12, 2000).
 * "Home truths: The notion that the west is threatened with mass invasions of immigrants is a myth," (Refugees in Britain: special report), The Guardian (Saturday April 15, 2000).
 * "Women's burden : counter-geographies of globalization and the feminization of survival", Journal of international affairs, [New York], volume 53, number 2, p. 504-524 (2000), ISSN 0022-197X.
 * Cities : between global actors and local conditions (College Park, MD. : Urban Studies and Planning Program, University of Maryland, c1999) "The 1997 Lefrak monograph".
 * "Beyond Sovereignty: De-Facto Transnationalism in Immigration Policy", in European Journal of Migration and Law, volume 1, p. 177-198, 1999; also published as The De-facto Transnationalizing of Immigration Policy (Florence: Robert Schuman Centre at the European University Institute, 1996).
 * "Global financial centers", in Foreign affairs, [New York], volume 78, number 1, p. 75-87 (1999), ISSN 0015-7120.
 * The De-facto Transnationalizing of Immigration Policy (Florence: Robert Schuman Centre at the European University Institute, 1996); [also published as "Beyond Sovereignty: De-Facto Transnationalism in Immigration Policy", in European Journal of Migration and Law, volume 1, 1999, p. 177-198.]
 * Transnational economies and national migration policies (Amsterdam : Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies, University of Amsterdam, 1996), ISBN 90-5589-038-3.
 * "Analytic borderlands : race, gender and representation in the new city", in ed. King, Anthony D., Re-presenting the city : ethnicity, capital, and culture in the 21st-century metropolis (New York : New York University Press, 1996) p. 183-202, ISBN 0-8147-4678-0, ISBN 0-8147-4679-9.
 * [with Morita, Kiriro], "The New illegal immigration in Japan 1980-1992", in The international migration review (New York : Center for Migration Studies, 1994), volume 28, number 1, p. 153-163, ISSN 0197-9183.
 * [with Smith, Robert] Post-industrial employment and third world immigration : casualization and the New Mexican migration in New York (New York, N.Y. : Columbia University, Institute of Latin American and Iberian Studies, 1991) Series : Papers on Latin America #26.
 * New York City's informal economy (Los Angeles, Calif. : University of California Los Angeles, Institute for Social Science Research, [1988?]) Series : ISSR working papers in the social sciences, 1988–89, volume 4, number 9.

Dissertations

 * [as Sassen-Koob, Saskia] Non-dominant ethnic populations as a possible component of the U.S. political economy : the case of blacks and Chicanos (Dissertation, Ph.D., University of Notre Dame, 1974).
 * [as Sassen-Koob, Saskia] Social stratification, ethnicity and ideology : Anglos and Chicanos in the United States (Thesis, M.A., University of Notre Dame, 1971).

Honors and awards

 * In January 2004, Sassen received the honoris causa degree in urbanism at Delft University of Technology.
 * In 2013, she received the Prince of Asturias award in social sciences.
 * In 2014, she received the honoris causa degree at Universidad de Murcia (Spain) and Ecole Normale Superieure (Paris).
 * In 2016, she received the honoris causa degree at University of Valencia (Spain)
 * On November 13, 2017, the Honorable Consejo General Universitario from the Universidad de Guadalajara, México approved the "honoris causa" degree.

title: Saskia Sassen


text:
Talk:Stone City (Nanjing)

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title: Talk:Stone City (Nanjing)