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Low Head

Low Head is a rural residential locality in the local government area (LGA) of George Town in the Launceston LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 5 km north of the town of George Town. The 2016 census recorded a population of 572 for the state suburb of Low Head. It is a suburb of George Town, on a peninsula at the mouth of the Tamar River.

It is a popular snorkel and scuba diving area during much of the year, with extensive wide, unspoiled beaches.

The area also has a lighthouse, beaches and a colony of little penguins (Eudyptula minor).

The foghorn, a Chance Brothers "Type G" diaphone at Low Head Lighthouse, is the only operable foghorn of its type and is popular with tourists as it is sounded at noon every Sunday.

History
Low Head was gazetted as a locality in 1967. The first Low Head Post Office opened on 12 September 1887 and closed in 1894. In 1996 the MV Iron Baron ran aground on Hebe Reef, off Low Head, causing the worst oil disaster in Australia's history.

Geography
The waters of the Tamar River estuary (also known as Port Dalrymple) and Bass Strait form the western to north-eastern boundaries. The George Town Aerodrome is within the locality.

Climate
Low Head has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb), bordering on a warm Mediterranean climate.

Road infrastructure
Route A8 (Low Head Road) runs through from south-west to north-west, where it terminates.

title: Low Head


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Stella (album)

Stella is the fourth studio album by the Swiss electronic band Yello, first released in Germany, Switzerland and Austria on 29 January 1985, and in the UK and US in March 1985. It was the first album made by the band without founder member Carlos Perón, and with his departure the remaining duo of Boris Blank and Dieter Meier began to move away from experimental electronic sounds towards a more commercial synthpop and cinematic soundtrack style. As well as becoming the first album ever by a Swiss group to top the Swiss album chart, it was the band's breakthrough album internationally, helped by the success of the song "Oh Yeah", which gained the band worldwide attention the following year after it was prominently featured in the 1986 film Ferris Bueller's Day Off and then a year later in The Secret of My Success.

Recording
Recording took place from mid-1983 to mid-1984 at the band's Yello Studio on the shore of Lake Zurich. Blank had purchased two new synthesizers in 1983, a Yamaha DX7 and a Roland JX-3P, but the album was mostly written and created using the equipment he already owned, a Fairlight CMI Series II sampler along with an ARP Odyssey synthesizer, the Linn LM-1 and Oberheim DMX drum machines, a Roland VP-330 Vocoder Plus, a Lexicon Hall reverb unit and a Framus guitar.

With the album ready to be mixed, Yello decided to try the new digital mixing process instead of the standard analogue process, and in August 1984 they visited Hartmann Digital Studio in Untertrubach Germany where engineer Tom Thiel began mixing the album. However, Yello abruptly cancelled the sessions after just ten days, unhappy with the sound of the album. Meier explained that the duo felt that the songs were losing their soul, saying, "Getting technically more experienced was leading us onto a slick perfectionist track. We even went to a German digital studio to do the most perfect remixes on a digital machine with the SSL Desk and the rest of it. And we had to learn, a difficult process for us, that perfection is just a way to escape from having nothing to say... With Stella we were being dragged down by an excess of perfection." Blank later said, "All the balances were wrong and the dynamic was lost, so I did lots of remixes again in Zürich to save this album". The group returned to their studios in Zürich and Blank started the process of remixing the tracks himself, with the exception of "Desert Inn" which he felt was acceptable as it was, "Blue Nabou" which the duo had already decided would not appear on the album and hence there was no urgency to improve it, and "Angel No" because Blank did not have time to mix it to the standard that he wanted. With the delay in mixing, the album's provisional release date of 1 October 1984 could not be met, and in order to avoid being lost among the Christmas releases, a new release date in January 1985 was set.

Release and promotion
Stella was first released in Germany, Switzerland and Austria on vinyl LP on 29 January 1985, and on cassette and CD a week later on 5 February in the same three countries, before being released worldwide in March 1985. In Europe the album was released on the Vertigo or Mercury labels (depending on the country), both labels being imprints of the Phonogram Records group. In the UK Yello's record label Stiff Records was in the process of going into administration, so the album was licensed to Elektra Records. In the US the album was first released by Elektra and later reissued by Mercury.

Two singles were originally released from Stella, both of them after the album's release. "Vicious Games" was released on 27 February 1985, with a video shot in Yello's Rote Fabrik (Red Factory) working space, featuring Blank and actress Mirjam Montandon miming to Winters' vocals (Winters was not available for the video shoot).

The second single, "Desire", was released on 4 June 1985. Meier's friend, Swiss TV station owner Paul Grau, had suggested that the video should be shot in Havana in Cuba to match the song's Latin sound, and the video, which included three orchestras and around 150 dancers, was filmed there in May 1985. Yello's stay in Cuba was filmed by a German TV station for a documentary, Yello auf Kuba (Yello in Cuba), and the duo were also accompanied on the trip by photographer Anton Corbijn: some of his photographs appeared on the back cover of the single and in the booklet for the 2005 reissue of Stella. The song was later used in the Miami Vice episode "Killshot" in 1986, and in the film Dutch in 1991.

No further singles were planned to be released from Stella, but in 1986 Yello fan and film director John Hughes asked permission to use the track "Oh Yeah" in his new film Ferris Bueller's Day Off. Featured during a scene involving a Ferrari 250 GT, and again over the closing credits sequence, interest in the track caused "Oh Yeah" to be released in the US in July 1986. It was eventually released as a single in Europe in September 1987, following the song's appearance in a second Hollywood film, The Secret of My Success.

Composition and writing
Some of the songs and themes of Stella had begun as part of an operatic stage show titled Snowball that Meier had started developing in 1983. He told the US magazine Trouser Press that the outline of the show was "Boris Blank plays a medieval magician/musician whose songs have an almost Rasputin-like influence over his listeners. The powers that be consider him so dangerous that they banish him to a sealed-in mountain cave. So that he doesn't go mad from sensory deprivation, he must resort to the powerful imagery of his music. The show gets its title from those little water-and-scenery filled trinkets that 'snow' when shaken. The magician uses one of these 'snowballs' as a sort of surrogate crystal ball." In the end Blank felt he was not a good enough actor to play the lead role, and Meier abandoned plans to put on Snowball as a stage show due to costs. After reworking the plot and changing the title to Lightmaker, the project eventually appeared as a film in 2001.

Certain aspects of the Snowball project were retained for the band's new album, including its title. Meier told the Dutch music magazine Vinyl in an interview in April 1985 that the name for the album had been inspired by one of the characters from Snowball, saying, "Stella is a character of fiction. The idea is that it is a hysterical singer, sitting in a stalactite cave near Capri, singing his insane arias." The track "Stalakdrama" was intended to be the show's opening overture.

Blank said that the name of the track "Koladi-ola" came from a lion's roar that he had recorded from an album of animal sounds: after pitching the roar up one octave he believed that this is what the roar sounded like phonetically.

Meier explained the story behind "Domingo", saying, "Domingo is a false preacher who, with a few sentences, is trying to impress the people there, and then the choir chants 'Domingo, you showed us just nothing like no one before', it means 'you didn't show us anything either, it's all nonsense what you said, but somehow you did it right'. Domingo de Santa Clara actually existed. There was an Abraham a Sancta Clara, he was some religious fanatic. I don't know where I got it from, but the name pleased me very much: Abraham a Sancta Clara. And since the name Domingo pleases me as well, I called him Domingo."

Describing the composition of "Oh Yeah", the album's best known track, Blank said, "First I did the music and then I invited Dieter to sing along, and he came up with some lines which I thought, 'no Dieter, it's too complicated, we don't need that many lyrics'. I had the idea of just this guy, a fat little monster sits there very relaxed and says, "Oh yeah, oh yeah". So I told him, 'Why don't you try just to sing on and on 'oh yeah'?... Dieter was very angry when I told him this and he said, 'are you crazy, all the time "Oh yeah"? Are you crazy?! I can't do this, no no, come on, come on.' And then he said, 'some lyrics, like "the moon... beautiful", is this too much?!' and I said, 'no, it's OK', and then he did this 'oh yeah' and at the end he thought, 'yeah it's nice', he loved it himself also. And also I wanted to install lots of human noises, all kind of phonetic rhythms with my mouth; you hear lots of noises in the background which are done with my mouth." In a 2020 interview with Great Big Story, Meier claimed that Blank asked him to imagine himself as the king of Tonga relaxing on a beach, and that his vocals were derived from how he thought such a figure would act in this situation.

The song "Blue Nabou" started life as a piece of advertising music commissioned for the soft drink Orangina in France in 1984. This was developed into a track originally intended for inclusion on Stella, but was eventually used as a B-side instead.

Artwork
The cover of the album was created by the Zürich artist Ernst Gamper, with whom Yello had been working since 1982. Gamper painted the picture of a face on a sheet of celluloid, which he then taped to the window of his studio overlooking Lake Zurich and photographed at sunset, with the setting sun shining through the unpainted eye to create a 'glowing eye' effect. The CD inlay booklet featured a photograph of Blank and Meier standing by the same window, with the painting visible on the window between them.

Critical reception
The album received mixed reviews from the UK music press. In Record Mirror Betty Page enthused, "This picks up where [You Gotta Say Yes to Another Excess] left off, taking its themes and mashing them up, pointing them in new, exciting directions... An album of moods and atmospheres, it must be listened to at maximum volume in a very dark room. Bliss." Kevin Murphy of Sounds declared that "Yello's wry, pulsating melodramas lavish themselves on Stella in a sensuous escapade, leaving no room for faint hearts or lovers. Each haunting episode reeks of a sublime suspense with a liberal coating of electric eccentricity. Mellow moods are savaged by impassioned cries and discordant desires as humour seeps from vital pores." Martin Aston of Melody Maker was less impressed, saying, "Their slick marriage... no, make it a steamy affair, between accessible splicing montage methods and sophisticated disco has the necessary balance of artifice and sweet melody, crisp danceateria [sic] moves and conceptual laziness (posing as artful dodging) that could conceivably pull the wool over people's eyes... Post-Fairlight, Yello are clever, sometimes too clever-clever, occasionally jarring as the montaging lays code upon codas." The most critical review came from Ian Penman in NME, who stated that avant-garde art should not appear perfect, as Stella did, and that "the various whispered or wailing 'mood pieces' of Stella strike me as branded and bandied about with a rather familiar complacency". He concluded that the record "has no fuzziness, no loose threads, its metronome beat has nothing of the layered bliss of funk".

Reviewing all six reissued Yello albums in 2005, Ian Harrison of Mojo stated that Stella "saw further refinements in sound [to You Gotta Say Yes to Another Excess] and a more pronounced Euro-pop agenda, but however slick tracks like 'Oh Yeah' or 'Vicious Games' might be, it's never entirely comfortable listening". AllMusic's John Bush believed that Stella was Yello's "best single LP, an excellent production throughout by Boris Blank, from the theatric instrumentals 'Stalakdrama' and 'Ciel Ouvert' to the frenetic pitched percussion on 'Let Me Cry'. As well, Dieter Meier proves he's at his best vocally, whether it's the seamy side of life on 'Desert Inn' or an exaggerated leer for 'Koladi-ola'. Both hit their peak on the same album, and Stella is a complete joy for fans of the vocal or production side of the group."

Track listing
All songs music composed by Boris Blank, lyrics by Dieter Meier except "Koladi-ola" lyrics by Boris Blank.
 * 1) "Desire" – 3:42
 * 2) "Vicious Games" – 4:20
 * 3) "Oh Yeah" – 3:05
 * 4) "Desert Inn" – 3:30
 * 5) "Stalakdrama" – 3:02
 * 6) "Koladi-ola" – 2:55
 * 7) "Domingo" – 4:30
 * 8) "Sometimes (Dr. Hirsch)" – 3:33
 * 9) "Let Me Cry" – 3:34
 * 10) "Ciel Ouvert" – 5:20
 * 11) "Angel No" – 3:06

2005 reissue bonus tracks
  "Blue Nabou" (B-side of "Vicious Games" single) – 3:19  "Oh Yeah" (Indian Summer Version) (B-side of "Desire" 12" single) – 5:30  "Desire" (12" Mix) – 6:54  "Vicious Games" (12" Mix) – 6:00
 * Note: On the back cover of the LP version of the album, "Koladi-ola" is listed as "Koladi-ola (Low Blow)". This subtitle is missing from the label on the vinyl disc and from all cassette and CD versions of the album.

The early Stella tape
An undated cassette tape found at Yello Office contained 14 tracks recorded for the Stella album. Many of the tracks are longer than the versions that eventually appeared on the album, and some of the songs have different titles.

Side one
 * 1) "Vicious Games" – 4:27
 * 2) "Koladioha" – 4:19
 * 3) "Desire" – 4:14
 * 4) "Domingo – 4:50
 * 5) "Sometimes" – 3:30
 * 6) "The Race" – 3:29 (this is not the song that appeared as a single in 1988 and on the Flag album, but an early title for "Desert Inn", named after a line in the lyrics)
 * 7) "For Stella" (early title for "Oh Yeah"; no track timing)

Side two
 * 1) "Three Roses" – 3:30 (early title for "Let Me Cry")
 * 2) "Ciel Ouvert" – 6:16
 * 3) "Orangina" – 4:15 (early title for "Blue Nabou")
 * 4) "Stalakdrama" – 5:45
 * 5) "Desire Dub 'Mix I'" – 3:01 (unreleased mix)
 * 6) "Diabolic" – 3:50 (early title for "Angel No")
 * 7) "Fidel" – 4:28 (unreleased track)

Personnel
Yello
 * Boris Blank – keyboards, programming, lead vocals on "Koladi-ola", background vocals on "Desire", "Oh Yeah", "Domingo", "Sometimes (Dr. Hirsch)" and "Let Me Cry"
 * Dieter Meier – lead and background vocals

Additional personnel †Although Petia Kaufman is credited as playing glass harp on the album, her contribution was not used on the final mix.
 * Beat Ash – hi-hat on "Desire" and "Angel No"
 * Chico Hablas – guitar on "Desire", "Vicious Games", "Desert Inn", "Koladi-ola" and "Domingo"
 * Annie Hogan – piano on "Blue Nabou"
 * Rush Winters – vocals on "Vicious Games" and "Angel No"
 * Petia Kaufman – glass harp†

Production
 * Produced by Boris Blank and Yello
 * Recorded and engineered by Tom Thiel and Yello
 * Mixed by Ian Tregoning

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Stella (album)


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Talk:Nicole Marie Lenz

Biography assessment rating comment
WikiProject Biography Summer 2007 Assessment Drive

Discussion
The article may be improved by following the WikiProject Biography 11 easy steps to producing at least a B article. -- Yamara 19:32, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

Numerous feature film productions? Lenz has had brief appearances in three movies; Rent Control (2002), Confidence (2003), and Seeing Other People (2004). She also appeared in one episode of CSI. This is her complete acting resume. MK2 13:39, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Hot hot sextape
The rumored sex tape of she and Paris Hilton does not exist. It is a rumor started by whichever online porn company added their watermark to an amateur bit of tape, to increase publicity.

Advertisement tag
This seems to be nothing but a list of her "accomplishments" (What music videos she's starred in, who she's been photographed by, etc.) with very few information about herself. Irk(talk) 03:20, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

Uh, Nicole is 29 not 28. You need to get off your lazy asses and update the site. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.241.140.111 (talk) 13:58, 25 January 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nicole Marie Lenz


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New Hampshire Motor Speedway

New Hampshire Motor Speedway is a 1.058 mi oval speedway located in Loudon, New Hampshire, which has hosted NASCAR racing annually since 1990, as well as the longest-running motorcycle race in North America, the Loudon Classic. Nicknamed "The Magic Mile", the speedway is often converted into a 1.600 mi road course, which includes much of the oval.

The track was originally the site of Bryar Motorsports Park before being purchased and redeveloped by Bob Bahre. The track is currently one of eight major NASCAR tracks owned and operated by Speedway Motorsports.

History
The track opened as New Hampshire International Speedway in June 1990, after nine months of construction following the Bahre family's purchase of the Bryar Motorsports Park. The existing road circuit was redeveloped into a multi-purpose track, with NASCAR-sanctioned races added to the popular Loudon Classic motorcycle, WKA go-kart and SCCA races on the complex. Upon completion it became the largest speedway in New England, and later expansion has made it the largest sports and entertainment venue of any type in the region. Its construction was extremely unusual for a race track, in that it was designed and constructed without consulting engineers, and using just one surveyor (whose primary job was to plant stakes) to help. NASCAR made its debut at the track in July 1990, with a Busch Series race won by Tommy Ellis. For three years, the Busch Series hosted a pair of races at the track each year.

The Busch races were successful. Loudon gained a spot on the NASCAR Cup Series schedule in 1993. Rusty Wallace won the inaugural Slick 50 300 in July of that year. That race was also Davey Allison's final race: the next day, Allison was fatally injured in a helicopter crash.

In 1996, Ernie Irvan captured the win in the Cup race, making it one of the more emotional victories in NASCAR history. The win came less than two years after Irvan suffered a near-fatal crash at Michigan International Speedway, where he was given less than a 10% chance of survival.

After the 1996 season Bahre and Bruton Smith bought North Wilkesboro Speedway and moved one of its Cup dates to New Hampshire. The second race was held in September. From 2004 to 2010, it was the site of the first event of the Chase for the Championship. In 2011, the date was shifted to the second race in the Chase, serving as one of three races in the Challenger Round, and remaining in the NASCAR Playoff rounds through 2017, after which the fall Cup date was eliminated.

The speedway was the first for NASCAR to start the field in two groups under the warm-up laps to help set pit speed.

The track also hosted open-wheel racing for seven years, hosting CART from 1992–1995, then the Indy Racing League from 1996–1998. One of the open wheel winners was Tony Stewart, who later won three NASCAR Cup Series races at the track as well.

In 2000, the track was the site of a pair of fatal collisions which took the lives of two promising young drivers. In May, while practicing for a Busch Series race, Adam Petty perished when his throttle stuck exiting the second turn, resulting in a full speed crash head-on in the middle of the third and fourth turns. When the NASCAR Cup Series made their first appearance of the season, a similar fate befell 1998 Rookie of the Year Kenny Irwin Jr. For safety reasons, track owners decided to run restrictor plates on the cars during their return trip to the speedway in September 2000. This resulted in an uneventful Dura Lube 300 won by Jeff Burton, which had no lead changes. It was the first wire-to-wire race since the 1970s.

The 2001 New Hampshire 300 was originally scheduled for September 16, the Sunday after the September 11 terrorist attacks. NASCAR initially announced that the race would be held as scheduled, but the event was postponed until November 23 of that year, which was the Friday after Thanksgiving. There was much concern about the weather, but race day turned out to be unseasonably mild. Robby Gordon won that race.

In 2002, in an effort to increase competitive racing, the track's corners were turned into a progressive banking system, as the apron was paved and became part of the track, and the track's banking was varied from 4 degrees in the lower two lanes to 12% grade (about seven degrees). The addition of SAFER barriers to the corner walls was made in 2003.

During the September 2003 SYLVANIA 300, an incident occurred at this track involving Dale Jarrett where his wrecked race car brought out a caution flag. At the time, NASCAR's policy was for its drivers to race back to the start-finish line to begin the caution period. This policy allowed drivers who were one or more laps down to pass the leader and get back one lap, but during the 2003 season there were several incidents which involved drivers racing back to the caution nearly causing collisions. Jarrett's car had stalled on the front stretch— in fact, directly in the path of oncoming cars— and he was in danger of being hit by cars that were trying to get laps back. Although Jarrett avoided contact, the incident was enough for NASCAR to act and beginning with the next race, NASCAR outlawed racing back to the caution flag and instead froze the field after a caution, and a "free pass" rule (popularly referred to as "the lucky dog") was put in place in which the first car behind the leader not on the lead lap would get their lap back during each caution period in all of NASCAR's national and regional series.

In mid-May 2006, Loudon was one of many New England communities which experienced damaging floods after a week of near-record rainfall. Several roads and bridges were washed out near the speedway. The infield was flooded, as was the track itself (while a road racing event was going on). The facility also experienced flooding in October 2005. In June 2009, the Lenox Industrial Tools 301 NASCAR Cup Series race was ended early by a storm which caused flooding at various locations around the track, including the infield tunnel: however in that case the post-race activities were not interrupted.

Before the 2008 racing season, Speedway Motorsports purchased NHIS and other racing-related assets from the Bahre family for $340 million cash. The name of the speedway changed to New Hampshire Motor Speedway. One of the assets included in the sale was a 50% interest in North Wilkesboro Speedway. The other 50% was still owned by Bruton Smith, the CEO of Speedway Motorsports. NHMS representatives made a heavy push to reintroduce open-wheel racing in the form of IndyCar Series to the track in the 2009 season. In 2011, the series returned to the track. However, the race failed to meet attendance expectations and controversial decisions made by race officials at the end of the race caused the race to be left off the 2012 schedule.

After the 2012 Sylvania 300, Bruton Smith stated he wants to install permanent lighting at the speedway, just like the other SMI ovals. However, Bob Bahre signed a legal agreement with the town of Loudon and several neighbors when the track opened that nighttime races were prohibited. The agreement is binding on the current owners. In an October 2012 poll in Loudon, however, 58% of those who responded said they did not mind a night race. This poll also included plans to build a casino at the track, if approved by the New Hampshire Legislature.

In 2018, the fall race weekend, consisting of the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series and Camping World Truck Series, was moved to the Las Vegas Motor Speedway. It was replaced with what they called Full Throttle Weekend. With NASCAR local and International series stopping by, races included the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour with the Musket 250, NASCAR K&N Pro Series East with the Apple Barrel 125 and NASCAR Pinty's Series Visit New Hampshire 100.

For the 2019 Musket 250 it was announced that Whelen Engineering Company will sponsor the Musket 250 now being called Musket 250 presented by Whelen.

Track mascot
In 2009, the track introduced its first mascot, Milo the Moose. He wears a fire suit with the Speedway Motorsports logo and the track's name around it and is often seen wearing an open-faced helmet with a dark visor. He is seen on race weekends shaking hands with the drivers during driver introductions and hanging out with fans.

Track length of paved oval
The track length is disputed by the two major series that run at New Hampshire. The NASCAR timing and scoring use a length of 1.058 mi. The IRL timing and scoring use a length of 1.025 mi.

Dirt track
In 2018 New Hampshire Motor Speedway announced the construction of a quarter-mile dirt oval track behind the New England Motorsports Hall of Fame and the southern entrance to the Speedway. It was to be for the American Flat Track racing on Laconia Motorcycle Week 2019. It hosted the USAC Dirt Midget Granite State Legends Cars race on Friday of NASCAR weekend in July 2019, with NASCAR drivers Corey LaJoie and Daniel Hemric participating. In 2020 Snocross came to the track for an event in February.

Current NASCAR events

 * NASCAR Cup Series – USA Today 301
 * NASCAR Xfinity Series – SciAps 200
 * NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour – Whelen 100

NASCAR records

 * NASCAR Cup Series Qualifying: Brad Keselowski, 27.090 s (140.598 mph), September 20, 2014
 * NASCAR Cup Series Race: Jeff Burton, 2 h 42 min 35 s (117.134 mph), July 13, 1997
 * NASCAR Xfinity Series Qualifying: Kyle Busch, 28.873 s (131.916 mph), July 13, 2013
 * NASCAR Xfinity Series Race: Kyle Busch, 1 h 53 min 26 s (111.928 mph), June 27, 2009
 * NASCAR Camping World Truck Series Qualifying: Austin Dillon, 28.574 s (133.296 mph), September 26, 2015
 * NASCAR Camping World Truck Series Race: Kyle Busch, 1 h 33 min 35 s (109.780 mph), September 24, 2011
 * NASCAR Camping World East Series Qualifying: Ben Rhodes, 29.622 s (127.414 mph), October 7, 2014
 * NASCAR Camping World East Series Race: Ted Christopher, 1 h 13 min 9 s (108.476 mph), December 5, 2001
 * NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour Qualifying: Mike Ewanitsko, 28.693 s (132.743 mph), July 19, 2001
 * NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour Race: Todd Szegedy, 51 min 11 s (123.087 mph), July 16, 2011
 * NASCAR Pinty's Series Qualifying: Kevin Lacroix, 31.040 s (122.706 mph), September 20, 2019
 * NASCAR Pinty's Series Race: Kevin Lacroix, 57 min 8 s (111.109 mph), September 22, 2018

NASCAR Cup Series records
(As of 2/12/23) * from minimum 10 starts.

Open-wheel race winners
New Hampshire Indy 225

Other racing series
Bryar Motorsports Park hosted Round 3 of the inaugural Trans-Am Series season in 1966. The race was held over 250 mi and was won outright by Canadian-born Australian Allan Moffat in an under 2.0 liter Lotus Cortina. The speedway hosted a round of the 2012 Global RallyCross Championship, and it hosts the annual Northeast Classic which includes American Canadian Tour and Pro All Stars Series races. It has both mini oval and road course Legends car races, as well as the NASCAR Advance Auto Parts Weekly Series, Bandolero racing, and other local series races.

Since 2011, the track has also hosted a race for the amateur 24 Hours of Lemons race series. The Loudon Annoying was a spring event held in 2011 and 2012, and the fall Halloween Hooptiefest has taken place since 2012.

Since 2013, the New England Road Cycling League has hosted bicycle races for high school students at the track, using both the central oval and the adjoining "frontier course."

Lap records
The all-time outright track record is 0:21.466 seconds, set by Andre Ribeiro in a Reynard 95I, during qualifying for the 1995 New England 200. As of June 2024, the fastest official lap records at New Hampshire Motor Speedway are listed as:

title: New Hampshire Motor Speedway


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User:Josh Fuelling

this is a cool websit for everybody to go to.

title: User:Josh Fuelling


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Médio Tejo

The Comunidade Intermunicipal do Médio Tejo (English: Middle Tagus) is an administrative division in Portugal. It was created in December 2008, replacing the former Comunidade Urbana do Médio Tejo created in 2004. It takes its name from the river Tagus. Médio Tejo is also a NUTS 3 subregion of Oeste e Vale do Tejo, the NUTS 3 subregion has covered the same area as the intermunicipal community.

The seat of the intermunicipal community is Tomar. Médio Tejo comprises parts of the former districts of Santarém and Castelo Branco.

The population in 2011 was 247,331, in an area of 3344.31 km2.

Municipalities
The CIM Médio Tejo is composed of 11 municipalities:

title: Médio Tejo


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Edinburgh Pentlands (UK Parliament constituency)

Edinburgh Pentlands was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, first used in the general election of 1950, and abolished prior to the general election of 2005. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

In 1999, a Scottish Parliament constituency was created with the same name and boundaries, and continues in use. See Edinburgh Pentlands (Scottish Parliament constituency).

Boundaries
1950–1955: The Colinton, Gorgie-Dalry, Merchiston and Sighthill wards of the county of the city of Edinburgh.

1955–1974: The Colinton, Merchiston and Sighthill wards of the county of the city of Edinburgh, and part of the Gorgie-Dalry ward.

1974–1983: The Colinton and Sighthill wards of the county of the city of Edinburgh, and part of the Merchiston ward.

1983–1997: Electoral divisions 10 (Balerno/Baberton), 24 (Hailes), 25 (Sighthill/Longstone), 35 (Colinton/Firrhill) and 36 (Braidburn/Fairmilehead) in the City of Edinburgh.

1997–2005: Electoral divisions 10 (Balerno/Baberton), 22 (Longstone/Craiglockhart), 30 (Sighthill/Broomhouse), 31 (Colinton/Firrhill), and 35 (Braidburn/Fairmilehead) in the City of Edinburgh.

In 2005, prior to the general election, the Westminster constituency was one of six covering the City of Edinburgh council area. Five were entirely within the city council area. One, Edinburgh East and Musselburgh, straddled the boundary with the East Lothian council area, to take in Musselburgh. Edinburgh Pentlands covered a south-western portion of the city council area.

In terms of wards used for elections to the City of Edinburgh Council, 1999 to 2007, Edinburgh Pentlands included wards named Balerno, Baberton, Colinton, Craiglockhart, Fairmilehead, Firrhill, Murrayburn, Parkhead, and Sighthill. The South Morningside ward was split between Edinburgh Pentlands and Edinburgh South. The seat had an urban north and a suburban centre. The remaining area was rural, and included a Pentland Hills area in the south.

In 2005, most of the constituency became part of Edinburgh South West. The Fairmilehead and South Morningside wards went to Edinburgh South. For the 2005 election, there were five constituencies covering the city area, all entirely within that area.


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Intergraph

Intergraph Corporation was an American software development and services company, which now forms part of Hexagon AB. It provides enterprise engineering and geospatially powered software to businesses, governments, and organizations around the world, and operates through three divisions: Hexagon Asset Lifecycle Intelligence (ALI, formerly PPM), Hexagon Safety & Infrastructure, and Hexagon Geospatial. The company's headquarters is in Huntsville, Alabama, United States.

In 2008, Intergraph was one of the one hundred largest software companies in the world. In July 2010, Intergraph was acquired by Hexagon AB.

History
Intergraph was founded in 1969 as M&S Computing, Inc., by former IBM engineers Jim Meadlock, his wife Nancy, Terry Schansman (the S of M&S), Keith Schonrock, and Robert Thurber who had been working with NASA and the U.S. Army in developing systems that would apply digital computing to real time missile guidance. The company was later renamed to Intergraph Corporation in 1980.

One of Intergraph's major hardware projects was developing a line of workstations using the Clipper architecture created by Fairchild Semiconductor. Intergraph was one of only two companies to use the chips in a major product line. Intergraph developed their own version of UNIX for the architecture, which they called CLIX. In 1987, Intergraph bought the Fairchild division responsible for the chip.

In 1997, Intergraph began pursuing patent infringement litigation against Intel and other computer hardware manufacturers based on the intellectual property developed in Clipper. Intergraph negotiated major settlements with Intel, HP, Texas Instruments and Gateway, earning the company over $394M. In 2000, Intergraph exited the hardware business and became purely a software company. On July 21, 2000, it sold its Intense3D graphics accelerator division to 3Dlabs, and its workstation and server division to Silicon Graphics.

On November 29, 2006, Intergraph was acquired by an investor group led by Hellman & Friedman LLC, Texas Pacific Group and JMI Equity, making the company privately held. On October 28, 2010, Intergraph was acquired by Hexagon AB. The transaction marks the return of Intergraph as part of a publicly traded company.

As part of the Hexagon acquisition, Hexagon moved the management of ERDAS, Inc. from under Leica Geosystems to Intergraph, and Z/I Imaging airborne imaging sensors from under Intergraph to Leica Geosystems.

On December 2, 2013, the geospatial technology portfolio was split out from under the Intergraph Security, Government and Infrastructure division to form the Hexagon Geospatial division. On October 13, 2015, the Intergraph Security, Government & Infrastructure division was rebranded as Hexagon Safety & Infrastructure. On January 9, 2017, the Intergraph Government Solutions division was rebranded as Hexagon US Federal.

On June 5, 2017, the Intergraph Process, Power & Marine division was rebranded as Hexagon PPM.

On June 6, 2022, the Hexagon PPM division was rebranded as Hexagon Asset Lifecycle Intelligence.

title: Intergraph


text:
Cadet branch

A cadet branch consists of the male-line descendants of a monarch's or patriarch's younger sons (cadets). In the ruling dynasties and noble families of much of Europe and Asia, the family's major assets (realm, titles, fiefs, property and income) have historically been passed from a father to his firstborn son in what is known as primogeniture; younger sons, the cadets, inherited less wealth and authority (such as a small appenage) to pass on to future generations of descendants.

In families and cultures in which that was not the custom or law, such as the feudal Holy Roman Empire, the equal distribution of the family's holdings among male members was eventually apt to so fragment the inheritance as to render it too small to sustain the descendants at the socio-economic level of their forefather. Moreover, brothers and their descendants sometimes quarreled over their allocations, or even became estranged. While agnatic primogeniture became a common way of keeping the family's wealth intact and reducing familial disputes, it did so at the expense of younger sons and their descendants. Both before and after a state legal default of inheritance by primogeniture, younger brothers sometimes vied with older brothers to be chosen as their father's heir or, after the choice was made, sought to usurp the elder's birthright.

Status
In such cases, primary responsibility for promoting the family's prestige, aggrandizement, and fortune fell upon the senior branch for future generations. A cadet, having less means, was not expected to produce a family. If a cadet chose to raise a family, its members were expected to maintain the family's social status by avoiding derogation, but could pursue endeavors too demeaning or too risky for the senior branch, such as emigration to another sovereign's realm, engagement in commerce, or a profession such as law, religion, academia, military service or government office.

Some cadet branches came to inherit the crown of the senior line, e.g. the Bourbon Counts of Vendôme mounted the throne of France (after civil war) in 1593; the House of Savoy-Carignan succeeded to the kingdoms of Sardinia (1831) and Italy (1861); the Counts Palatine of Zweibrücken obtained the Palatine Electorate of the Rhine (1799) and the Kingdom of Bavaria (1806); and a deposed Duke of Nassau was restored to sovereignty in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (1890).

In other cases, a junior branch came to eclipse more senior lines in rank and power, e.g. the Electors and Kings of Saxony who were a younger branch of the House of Wettin than the Grand Dukes of Saxe-Weimar.

A still more junior branch of the Wettins, headed by the rulers of the small Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, would, through diplomacy or marriage in the 19th and 20th centuries, obtain or consort and sire the royal crowns of, successively, Belgium, Portugal, Bulgaria and the Commonwealth realms. Also, marriage to cadet males of the Houses of Oldenburg (Holstein-Gottorp), Polignac, and Bourbon-Parma brought those dynasties patrilineally to the thrones of Russia, Monaco, and Luxembourg, respectively. The Dutch royal house has, at different times, been a cadet branch of Mecklenburg and Lippe(-Biesterfeld). In the Commonwealth realms, the male-line descendants of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh are cadet members of the House of Glücksburg.

It was a risk that cadet branches maintaining legal heirs could sink in status because shrunken wealth that was too meagre to survive the shifting political upheavals (legal mechanisms in factionalism or revolution of attainder, capital offences and show trials) as much as unpopularity or distance from the reigning line.
 * The Capetian branch of the princes de Courtenay's last 'prince' died in 1733 without recognition by the crown as dynastic princes du sang despite having undisputed but remote male-line descent from Louis VI of France.
 * The principi di Ottajano (of the House of Medici) were heirs to the grand duchy of Tuscany when last male of that more senior branch died in 1737, but they were bypassed by intervention of Europe's major powers, which allocated the title to Francesco II Stefano, of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.
 * The Romanovs, which dominated Russia's throne (owed to kinship-by-marriage to tsar Ivan the Terrible) from 1613 to the end of monarchy, became reluctant to stress they descended from the 9th century founding ruler Rurik after 1880, when Tsar Alexander II wed Catherine Dolgorukov, a Rurikid princess. That was partly so that later cadet children could be sidelined and partly because the marriage was deemed morganatic, as Alexander had long been involved with Catherine as his mistress.

Notable cadet branches

 * House of York: descendants of the fourth son of Edward III Plantagenet, King of England, who, in the course of the Wars of the Roses (1455–1485), displaced the agnatically senior line of Plantagenets, the Lancaster branch, on the English throne (1461), only to be finally displaced themselves by a Lancastrian cognatic descendant, Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, who obtained the crown by conquest from Richard III (August 1485). As Henry VII, he took as queen consort the heiress of the cadet branch, Elizabeth of York, in January 1486. Their son, Henry VIII, thus united in his person and on the throne of England both branches of the Plantagenets, and inaugurated the House of Tudor, which ruled England until 1603.
 * House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg: descendants of a younger son of King Christian III of Denmark (of the House of Oldenburg), who eventually became monarchs of Denmark, Norway and Greece.
 * House of Bourbon: descendants of a younger son of Louis IX of France who, in the person of Henry IV of France, inherited the throne of France from the senior Capetian line of the Valois in 1589 and from which sprang the Bourbon kings of Spain (including the Carlist and French legitimist lines), the kings of the Two Sicilies, and the sovereign Dukes of Parma, who currently reign in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg in a cadet line. Also from Louis XIII de Bourbon descends the cadet branch known as the House of Orléans, to which the Citizen-king Louis-Philippe, the Orleanist claimants to the throne of France (Henri, comte de Paris, duc de France) belong, as does the House of Orleans-Braganza.
 * House of Gonzaga: the noble family which reigned in Mantua counted in its dynasty some cadet branches.
 * House of Guise: although the Dukes of Lorraine exercised continental independence, they were nominally vassals of the Holy Roman Emperors, and their geopolitical importance resided less in the size of their realm than in their crucial location between the competing French and German nations. A younger brother of Duke Antoine, Claude of Lorraine, was appanaged with the lordship of Guise in France and betook himself to the French court in search of his fortune. There, he was granted the title Duke of Guise as a member of the Peerage of France, he and his male-line descendants henceforth being accorded the rank of prince étranger. As the Calvinist form of Protestantism spread widely among the nobility and mercantile class of France, Claude's descendants embraced the Counter-Reformation and formed the Catholic League to prevent a Protestant monarch from inheriting or seizing the throne of the last Valois kings. Their leadership of the League infused the Guises with unequalled power in French politics. Their leadership role during the French Wars of Religion further extended their influence in European affairs until the accession of the House of Bourbon to the throne in 1593 and was far beyond that of their senior cousins, reigning in Nancy.
 * Mandela: Nelson Mandela, the late president of the Republic of South Africa, was a male-line great-grandson of King Ngubengcuka of the Thembu nation of Southern African Xhosas. Be that as it may, he was - and his fellow members of the Mandela branch of the Thembus' ruling royal AmaHala dynasty are - ineligible to succeed to the ancestral throne because all of them descend from Ngubengcuka's morganatic marriage to a woman of a ritually inferior family. As such, their traditional role in the kingdom is that of hereditary privy counsellors to Thembu monarchs that are unable to succeed to the throne themselves. In addition, the family's recognised leader, Chief Mandla Mandela, also serves by tradition as the tribal chieftain of Mvezo under the authority of his relative the paramount chief of Thembuland, currently King Buyelekhaya Dalindyebo.
 * Spencer: the comital branch of the Spencer family descended from John Spencer, the youngest son of Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland and Lady Anne Churchill. The couple's eldest son, Robert, inherited his father's title of Earl of Sunderland. When Robert, 4th Earl of Sunderland, died without an heir, his paternal titles passed to his younger brother, Charles, who later inherited the title of Duke of Marlborough upon the death of his aunt Henrietta, and became the 3rd Duke of Marlborough. Charles's descendants (later known as the Spencer-Churchills) became the senior branch of the Spencer family. His younger brother, John, had an only son, also named John, who became the 1st Earl Spencer. From the line of the Earls Spencer descend many prominent figures, including Diana, Princess of Wales, whose son William, Prince of Wales, is heir to the Crown of the United Kingdom.
 * Wellington: Arthur Wellesley, the younger brother of Richard Wellesley, the 2nd Earl of Mornington, started his career as a protégé of his older brother. He entered the military, a traditional occupation of younger sons. From 1809 to 1814, he won a series of very significant victories, and was awarded a series of ascending titles; Baron Douro, Viscount Wellington, Earl of Wellington, Marquess of Wellington and finally Duke of Wellington. A descendant of Baron Cowley, youngest brother of Richard Wellesley, became Earl of Cowley in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, his junior line of the family thereby also achieving a higher status than that of the Earldom of Mornington, in the Peerage of Ireland.
 * In the case of the House of Saud, the surname "Al Saud" is carried by any descendant of Muhammad bin Saud or his three brothers: Farhan, Thunayyan, and Mishari. Al Saud's other family branches, like the Al Kabir, the Al Jiluwi, the Al Thunayan, the Al Mishari and the Al Farhan, are the cadet branches. Members of the cadet branches hold high and influential positions in government, but they are not in line of succession to Saudi throne. Many cadet members intermarry within the Al Saud to re-establish their lineage and continue to wield influence in the government. Sons, daughters, patrilineal granddaughters and grandsons of Ibn Saud are referred to by the style "His Royal Highness" (HRH), differing from those belonging to the cadet branches, who are called "His Highness" (HH) and in addition, a reigning king has the title of Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques.
 * In the Muhamamdzai dynasty of Afghanistan, the address as Sardar (Prince) is referred to all descendants of Payindah Muhammad Khan the patriarch of the Muhamamdzai Dynasty. Cadet branches of the Muhammadzai are defined by the respective son of Payindah Muhammad through which a prince descends. The cadet branches include the Telai, the descendants of Sultan Mohammed Khan to which King Zahir Shah, Prince Daoud Khan and Professor Prince Abdul Khalek belonged; the Seraj, descendants of Dost Mohammed Khan to which King Amanullah Khan belonged and the Shaghasi, descendants of other children of Payindah Muhammad Khan to which Loynab Shir Dil and Prince Ali Khan Shaghasi belonged.

title: Cadet branch


text:
The Rush Limbaugh Show

The Rush Limbaugh Show was an American conservative talk radio show hosted by Rush Limbaugh. Since its nationally syndicated premiere in 1988, The Rush Limbaugh Show became the highest-rated talk radio show in the United States.

At its peak, the show aired on over 650 radio stations nationwide.

Unbeknownst at the time, Limbaugh hosted the show for the last time on February 2, 2021. On February 17, 2021, Limbaugh's widow Kathryn announced on that day's broadcast that he had died at the age of 70, one year after being diagnosed with lung cancer.

After Limbaugh's death, clip shows with guest hosts (referred to as "guide hosts") were heard in the Limbaugh time slot for four months, until June 18. The Clay Travis and Buck Sexton Show premiered on Premiere Networks on June 21, 2021, from 12 to 3 p.m. ET.

Show airtime and format
The Rush Limbaugh Show had a format that it retained until Limbaugh's death. The program aired live and consisted primarily of Limbaugh's monologues, based on the news of the day, interspersed with parody ads, phone calls from listeners, and a variety of recurring comedy bits (some live, some taped). Limbaugh also would announce live commercials during the show for sponsors. He would also sometimes promote his own products, such as his political newsletter, The Limbaugh Letter, or his Rush Revere children's history books. Occasionally, Limbaugh featured guests such as politicians or fellow commentators.

An edited instrumental version of the Pretenders' "My City Was Gone" was Limbaugh's theme song at the start of his show's run. Briefly in 1999, Limbaugh stopped playing the song after a "cease and desist" order was issued by EMI. However, after the song's writer, Chrissie Hynde, said in a radio interview she did not mind the use of the song (she and Limbaugh had a mutual opposition to an Environmental Protection Agency plan for animal testing), an agreement was reached with EMI. The show aired live on weekdays from noon to 3 p.m. Eastern time, with a number of stations (such as WHO in Des Moines) airing it on tape delay. From 2006 until his death, the program was normally taped from Limbaugh's studios near his home in Palm Beach County, Florida.

Distribution
The Rush Limbaugh Show, a production of Limbaugh's company EIB (Excellence In Broadcasting Radio Network), aired on a network of approximately 650 AM and FM affiliate stations throughout the United States, almost all of which broadcast the program live. During its existence, WRNO simulcasted the program on shortwave radio. Limbaugh also hosted his own online Internet streaming audio and video broadcast, through Streamlink. This broadcast was restricted to members of Limbaugh's "Rush 24/7" service, but could also be heard on some stations' streaming audio feeds. Premiere Networks, a division of iHeartMedia, the largest U.S. radio station owner, owned distribution rights to the program. The program was not heard on any stations in Canada, although stations along the northern border of the United States gave the show coverage in much of southern Canada. The show was never carried on any satellite radio service, and was one of the few nationally syndicated talk radio programs not to be featured on satellite radio. Limbaugh attributed this decision to his desire to maximize value for his terrestrial radio affiliates.

The Rush Limbaugh Show was unusual among syndicated radio programs in that it was fee-based; radio stations pay iHeartMedia hundreds of thousands of dollars (the exact amount depends on market size) for the rights to carry the show, in addition to giving up 15 minutes of daily ad time for barter advertisements and the Morning Update. The rights fees were dropped following Limbaugh's death.

An official weekend edition of the program, consisting of "best of" clips from the weekday show, entitled The Rush Limbaugh Week in Review, was launched in January 2008.

Notable guests
In September 1992, then President George H. W. Bush made an appearance on Limbaugh's show. Charlton Heston called in to the show in 1995 to read from Michael Crichton's book Jurassic Park. Secretary of State Colin Powell appeared on the show in November 2003 when Roger Hedgecock was guest-hosting the show.

Former President George W. Bush appeared six times on the program. The first time was during the 2000 presidential campaign. Then, in 2004, he "called in" to a live broadcast during the week of the 2004 Republican National Convention to give a preview of his nomination acceptance speech. He called in again in 2006. The fourth time was April 18, 2008, when Limbaugh asked the White House to speak with Bush to thank him for the ceremony welcoming Pope Benedict XVI, which awed Limbaugh. The fifth call was during the show's 20th anniversary celebration, in which then-President Bush (and George H. W. Bush and Jeb Bush) congratulated Limbaugh. He appeared a sixth time for an interview regarding his autobiography, Decision Points, on November 9, 2010.

Vice President Dick Cheney made multiple appearances.

In 2007, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger called in to a live broadcast of the show a day after having called Limbaugh "irrelevant", adding, "I'm not his servant. I'm the people's servant of California," on an appearance on NBC's Today show.

Other notable guests who called in to Limbaugh's show include former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, unsuccessful Supreme Court nominee Robert Bork, economist Thomas Sowell, former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan, and television writer Joel Surnow, who took calls about events in his show, 24. In December 2006, Sylvester Stallone made an appearance on the show to discuss his upcoming movie Rocky Balboa. On February 27, 2004, actor Jim Caviezel called in to the program to discuss The Passion of the Christ, in which Caviezel played the role of Jesus Christ. Republican vice presidential nominee Governor Sarah Palin (R–AK) also called into a show before a rally in October 2008 to discuss the election and the economic distortion and impact of Senator Obama's tax policy; Palin returned to the show in November 2009 to discuss her book Going Rogue: An American Life. Phil Gingrey, a congressman who compared shows such as Limbaugh and Sean Hannity to "throwing bricks" in January 2009, gave an interview on Limbaugh's show the following day.

Limbaugh also had author and Washington Times columnist Bill Gertz on his show to discuss Gertz's books as well as national security issues. In 2007, Limbaugh (among numerous other hosts) interviewed Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas and was the first to interview Tony Snow after his departure from his post as White House press secretary. He also interviewed NBC News host Tim Russert in 2004. In May 2010, country musician John Rich reported for Limbaugh on the May 2010 Tennessee floods.

Former president Donald Trump appeared on the show April 15, 2011, and donated $100,000 to the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, for which Limbaugh held an annual radiothon. On December 6, 2012, Limbaugh interviewed outgoing Senator Jim DeMint shortly after he announced his resignation from his seat to head The Heritage Foundation.

Program staff

 * James Golden (as Bo Snerdley): The official "program-observer" and call screener. With other staff members, he assisted with research as part of preparation for the show and was in the control booth as the show was being broadcast. He co-hosted a Sunday night talk show, James and Joel, on WABC with Joel Santisteban from 1992 to 1998. Snerdley is a pseudonym Limbaugh invented many years earlier when he was a disc jockey on WIXZ (when Limbaugh went by the name Jeff Christy); he would use the name Snerdley for supposed-listeners who would write or call in, usually professing to be big fans and part of the "Christy Nation". Later, the name Snerdley was used for his call screeners, both male and female. The first name "Bo" was added by Golden in homage to Bo Jackson. During a show in 2004, Limbaugh was not at the microphone for the last segment of the second hour (it was only about ten seconds), and Snerdley came on instead: "This is Bo Snerdley, Rush will be right back on the EIB Network (Excellence in Broadcasting)." It was one of the rare times his voice was heard on the program before 2008. "Bo" Snerdley screened callers at the Palm Beach Florida broadcasting location and in New York City. In February 2008, Snerdley, who is black, was appointed by Limbaugh as the show's Official Criticizer of Barack Obama: "certified black enough to criticize". On the July 24, 2009, show, "Bo" was put on the air as the "Official Obama Criticizer", and spoke for roughly five minutes with Rush about the Henry Louis Gates arrest controversy. On October 16, he requested (and received) air time to air a five-minute rant that criticized NFL players, Al Sharpton, Jesse Jackson, and media commentators who opposed Rush Limbaugh's potential bid on the St. Louis Rams. Golden later joined iHeart Media as a producer.
 * George Prayias (as Koko): The webmaster for Rush 24/7 (and its successor EIB 24/7) Web site. The nickname was given by Limbaugh when George put a gorilla suit on for a gag on Limbaugh's TV show. He is currently the Vice President of Digital for the EIB Network, which continues to this day managing the Limbaugh archives and the EIB Network's current show.
 * Kathleen Prayias (as Cookie Gleason): Executive Producer for the EIB Network. Originally affiliated with the EIB Network since 1992, she was an associate producer on his television program (whose rights are now held by Tegna Media as successor to syndicator Multimedia, Inc.). She did research and produces all of the audio sound bites played on Rush's show. She's most known for her audio montages, such as "Gravitas". She got her nickname from Rush's television show where she played "Cookie Gleason", a take-off on Cokie Roberts.
 * Brian: EIB network broadcast engineer.
 * Dawn: Transcribed caller comments onto a computer screen to aid Limbaugh, who heard via a cochlear implant and therefore sometimes had difficulties clearly understanding callers.
 * Christopher "Kit" Carson: "Chief of staff". Also known as "H.R.", Carson was Limbaugh's first employee and screened calls when Limbaugh broadcast from New York City, among other things. Carson's role was reduced as a result of the show's departure from New York along with his own battle with brain cancer beginning in 2011; Carson died January 26, 2015.
 * Brett Winterble: A former producer. Winterble, as of 2020, hosts a local program on WBT and a national television program on Newsmax TV. After Limbaugh's death, he hosted the show himself.
 * Altamont: His duties consisted of call screening and board operations, and serving as backup when the others are out or unavailable. Left the show in spring 2006.
 * Johnny Donovan: Program announcer who sometimes voiced Paul Shanklin's parodies.

Stand-ins for Limbaugh
Every so often, Limbaugh was absent from his show, whether for various personal reasons or because of extended trips. For instance, in early 2005, Limbaugh took a weeklong trip to Afghanistan to report on postwar conditions; he also participated in various celebrity pro-am golf events, especially when he represented his parent company, iHeartMedia. On those occasions, Limbaugh allowed "EIB certified talk show hosts" (sometimes called "Associate Professors from the Limbaugh Institute for Advanced Conservative Studies") to fill in for him. Typically, these hosts were well-known conservatives, and when Clear Channel (now iHeartMedia since 2014) acquired the network that syndicates the program, they were often hosts of local shows on iHeartMedia's owned-and-operated stations. A number of Limbaugh's former substitute hosts, including Glenn Beck, Sean Hannity, Bob Dornan and Jason Lewis, went on to host nationally syndicated shows of their own.

Notable substitute hosts

 * Sean Hannity
 * Glenn Beck
 * Michael Medved
 * Buck Sexton: Substitute host from 2014 to 2017; named by iHeart Media as the successor co-host for the EIB Network with Clay Travis in May 2021.
 * Mark Belling: Host of The Mark Belling Late Afternoon Show on fellow iHeartMedia station WISN in Milwaukee.
 * Mark Steyn: A Canadian journalist, columnist, and film and theater critic. Steyn traditionally hosts from his home in New Hampshire, referred to as EIB – Ice Station Zebra.
 * Dr. Walter E. Williams: economics professor, strong proponent of laissez-faire capitalism, and former chairman of the economics department at George Mason University in Virginia. Williams began guest hosting in October 1992, initially against Limbaugh's wishes as Limbaugh did not believe that Williams, a non-broadcaster, had "paid his dues" in the broadcasting field enough to earn a national guest-hosting gig; Limbaugh relented after hearing Williams's first episode. He left the rotation before 2018. Williams died December 2, 2020.
 * Douglas Urbanski: Award-winning Motion Picture Producer, former Broadway impresario, occasional actor, raconteur, "paying subscriber to Rush 24/7," also known as America's Guest Host, Urbanski first hosted three times in 2010, left the rotation to produce films on location (during which he briefly hosted a competing program on Westwood One) and returned to the substitute host rotation in mid-2012.
 * Erick Erickson: Founder and editor of RedState and radio host at WSB. Erickson first served as substitute host in 2014 before he took over Limbaugh's time slot on March 22, 2021.
 * Chris Plante: Radio host based at WMAL in Washington, DC.
 * Roger Hedgecock: Former mayor of San Diego, California, and a talk radio host at Clear Channel talk station KOGO there. He was, as of 2007, the most used stand-in, and was also a fan favorite. Hedgecock spent several years out of the substitute rotation but has since returned.
 * Ken Matthews: A host on WHP in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and WPHT in Philadelphia, subbed for Limbaugh on July 3, July 14, September 1, November 24 and December 26, 2017; on June 22, 2018, and again on March 19, 2020. Matthews was later an interim host before the EIB Network announced Clay Travis and Buck Sexton.  Matthews hosted the final episode of the program on June 18, 2021.
 * Todd Herman: A host on KTTH in Seattle, Washington, debuted as a guest host for a vacationing Limbaugh on August 24, 2017. He hosted the show on August 25, 2017; on January 2, May 24 and 25, 2018, and again on February 19, 2020. Herman later served as an interim host in 2021.
 * Nick Searcy: An actor who stars on the FX show Justified, he debuted as a guest host for a vacationing Limbaugh on December 27, 2017.
 * Michael Knowles: He debuted as guest host as Limbaugh was undergoing another round of treatments on November 20, 2020.
 * Derek Hunter: The host of The Derek Hunter Podcast and author of the book Outrage Inc., he debuted as guest host on November 27, 2020.
 * Kathryn Limbaugh: Limbaugh's widow appeared as a co-host on the February 17, 2021, show and again on February 22.

Radio syndication
After several years of employment with the Kansas City Royals and in the music radio business, which included hosting a program at KMBZ in Kansas City, in 1984, Limbaugh started as a regular talk show host on AM radio station KFBK in Sacramento, California. He succeeded Morton Downey Jr. in the time slot.

Based on his work in Sacramento, Limbaugh was signed to a contract by EFM Media Management, headed by former ABC Radio executive Edward McLaughlin. Limbaugh became syndicated on August 1, 1988, through EFM and his show was drawing five million listeners after two years of syndication. Lacking a name for the network during the early years, he coined the name "EIB (Excellence In Broadcasting) Network," which has remained associated with the show even after joining an actual radio network (Premiere), and the trademark is currently owned by iHeart Media, which continues to use the name for Clay Travis and Buck Sexton.

In 1997, Jacor Communications, a publicly traded company, acquired EFM. Later that year, Jacor merged with Premiere Radio Networks. In 1999, Jacor merged with Clear Channel Communications, which rebranded as iHeartMedia in 2014; Clear Channel/iHeart have maintained what is now branded as Premiere Networks as their syndication wing since acquiring it.

In 2006, WBAL (1090 AM) in Baltimore, Maryland was the first station to drop Limbaugh's program and replace it with local programming; the current Baltimore affiliate is crosstown rival WCBM (680 AM).

Limbaugh and Clear Channel signed an eight-year, $400 million contract extension on July 2, 2008. He signed a new contract for four additional years in a deal announced August 2, 2016, after Limbaugh publicly contemplated retirement. Limbaugh is believed to have taken a pay cut to remain on the air after advertisers pulled funding in response to boycotts around his criticism of Sandra Fluke and industry-wide advertising declines. Limbaugh renewed his agreement with Premiere through 2024 in a deal announced January 5, 2020.

Final year
On February 3, 2020, Limbaugh announced on his show that he had been diagnosed with lung cancer, but would continue hosting the show (though with absences to undergo treatment). In anticipation of his death, he used his December 23, 2020, episode to express his thanks and say farewell to his audience; Limbaugh occasionally hosted shows through January and would host his last new episode on February 2, 2021. His death was announced by his widow Kathryn during the February 17 broadcast. Upon the announcement of his death, Premiere Networks released a statement that during Limbaugh's terminal illness, it had organized the archive of Limbaugh's shows by date and topic to allow for at least 90 days of clip shows, selected to correspond to the current news cycle as much as possible, presented by a guest host (referred to on air as a "guide host"). The long-term plan would be to eventually cancel the program once Premiere determined that the audience was ready to move on. Stations owned by Cox Media Group and Saga Communications, along with Pittsburgh affiliate WJAS, began dropping the program in mid-March. Further defections from Audacy, Midwest Communications, and Alpha Media continued in April, with Audacy replacing Limbaugh with Dana Loesch and local programs. Cumulus Media continued to carry Limbaugh's show through the first three months in the "guide host" format, then introduced its own show hosted by Dan Bongino on May 24.

On May 27, 2021, Premiere Radio Networks announced that, as part of a programming shuffle, it would be moving its evening host Buck Sexton into Limbaugh's time slot, with Fox Sports Radio personality Clay Travis joining him as co-host, beginning June 21, 2021, as The Clay Travis and Buck Sexton Show, subsequently announcing that Houston-based host Jesse Kelly would join its lineup to take over for Sexton in the evening slot.

The final episode of the "guide host" format (and the show entirely) aired on Friday, June 18, 2021. Of the show's remaining affiliates — estimated by Premiere to be about 400 — most of the carryovers to Sexton and Travis consist of stations owned by Premiere parent company iHeartMedia. Other station ownership groups chose options such as Bongino, Loesch, Salem Radio Network hosts Dennis Prager or Charlie Kirk, Compass Media Networks' Markley, Van Camp and Robbins or Fox News Talk's Fox Across America. Townsquare Media, in particular, declined to make a universal decision on its stations' replacement for Limbaugh, allowing local program directors to decide for their own stations.

Sexton and Travis also inherited the EIB brand and Limbaugh's "Rush 24/7" subscriber base - since rebranded as "EIB 24/7" and later "C&B 24/7" - and includes the archives to both shows. Travis and Sexton also promote their show as being "Inspired by Rush", and continue to use clips from Limbaugh (in segments billed as "Rush's Timeless Wisdom") to reinforce points made on the new show.

Armed Forces Radio controversy
On May 26, 2004, the article "Rush's Forced Conscripts" appeared on the online news and opinion magazine Salon.com. The article discussed the controversy surrounding the fact that American Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) (which describes itself as "[providing] stateside radio and television programming, 'a touch of home', to U.S. service men and women, DoD civilians, and their families serving outside the continental United States") carries the first hour of Limbaugh's show. Melvin Russell, director of AFRTS, defended Limbaugh's presence, by pointing to Limbaugh's high ratings in the US: "We look at the most popular shows broadcast here in the United States and try to mirror that. [Limbaugh] is the No. 1 talk show host in the States; there's no question about that. Because of that we provide him on our service." In addition, AFRTS produced a ballot of radio and television shows asking troops worldwide, "Who do you want that we don't at present carry?" The Rush Limbaugh Show was not listed on the ballot, but won the vote as a write-in by the troops. A later poll by Lund Media Research found that a majority of soldiers preferred that talk show programs be replaced by hip hop and rap stations, bringing into question the future of content such as the Rush Limbaugh Show on AFRTS.

Critics have pointed out that other programs, such as the eight-million listener per week Howard Stern Show, are absent from AFRTS. (This statement was made before Stern left for satellite radio in 2006.) Other claims—for example, that there is no political counterbalance to Limbaugh on AFRTS—have been rebutted by Byron York, a columnist for the predominantly conservative National Review: "American military men and women abroad have access, for example, to the talk show of liberal host Diane Rehm ... Jim Hightower and CBS News anchorman Dan Rather." Another possible political counterbalance to Limbaugh is Harry Shearer, who emphasizes his presence on AFRTS at the end of every episode of his satirical Le Show.

On June 14, 2004, U.S. Senator Tom Harkin (D-IA) introduced an amendment to the 2004 Defense Authorization bill that called for AFRTS to fulfill its stated goal of providing political balance in its news and public affairs programming. The amendment passed unanimously in the Senate. Limbaugh responded by calling the move "censorship". On his June 17 radio show, he commented that: "This is a United States senator [Tom Harkin] amending the Defense appropriations bill with the intent being to get this program—only one hour of which is carried on Armed Forces Radio—stripped from that network." The amendment never became law. As of 2005, the first hour of Limbaugh's show was still on AFRTS. Limbaugh visited US forces in Afghanistan in 2005.

This treatment of The Rush Limbaugh Show proved to set a precedent for Congressional debate on AFRTS content. The Ed Schultz Show, a liberal talk radio show with over one million listeners a week, was originally scheduled to be broadcast on AFRTS on October 17, 2005. It was subsequently pulled, with some alleging political motivation, which was later debated in Congress. A few weeks after this debate, AFRTS added Schultz to the line-up along with other talk show hosts: Al Franken and Sean Hannity.

Michael J. Fox controversy
On the October 23, 2006, broadcast of his radio show, Limbaugh imitated on the "DittoCam" (the webcam for website subscribers to see him on the air) the physical symptoms actor Michael J. Fox showed in a television commercial raising awareness of Parkinson's disease. He said "[Fox] is exaggerating the effects of the disease. He's moving all around and shaking and it's purely an act ... This is really shameless of Michael J. Fox. Either he didn't take his medication or he's acting." Three days later, on October 26, Limbaugh denied that he was ridiculing Fox, stating that, after seeing Fox without his medication, "I [was] stunned because I [had] never seen Michael J. Fox that way." Limbaugh said that he was "mov[ing] around like [Fox] does, but never once was I making fun of him. I was trying to illustrate for my audience watching on the Dittocam what I had seen."

Fox later appeared on CBS with Katie Couric and said he was actually dyskinesic at the time, a condition that results from overmedication.

However, Fox has admitted that he has, at times, deliberately not taken his medication —such as in an appearance the U.S. Senate—in order, he claimed, to demonstrate the effects of Parkinson's disease. During Limbaugh's October 26, 2006, show he said, in a discussion with a caller, "[I]n his own book [Lucky Man: A Memoir], he has written in chapter eight that before Senate committees he goes off the medication so that people can see the ravages of the disease."

"Barack the Magic Negro" parody
On March 19, 2007, Limbaugh referred to a Los Angeles Times editorial by David Ehrenstein that claimed that Barack Obama was filling the role of the "magic negro", and that this explained his appeal to voters. Limbaugh then later played a song by Paul Shanklin titled "Barack the Magic Negro," sung to the tune of "Puff the Magic Dragon".

Phony soldiers controversy
During the September 26, 2007, broadcast of Limbaugh's radio show, Limbaugh used the term "phony soldiers" when speaking to a caller who had questioned if the previous caller was really a soldier.

The caller, saying he was currently serving in the Army for 14 years, said, "They never talk to real soldiers. They like to pull these soldiers that come up out of the blue and spout to the media." Limbaugh interrupted, "The phony soldiers." The caller continued, "The phony soldiers. If you talk to a real soldier, they are proud to serve. They want to be over in Iraq. They understand their sacrifice, and they're willing to sacrifice for their country." Several minutes later, after the caller had hung up, Limbaugh read from the AP story describing the story of Jesse Macbeth. Macbeth joined the Army but did not complete basic training, yet falsely claimed in alternative media interviews that he and his unit routinely committed war crimes in Iraq.

On June 7, 2007, Macbeth pleaded guilty to one count of making false statements to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and was sentenced to five months in jail and three years probation.

Media Matters noted Limbaugh's use of the term "phony soldiers" in an article on their website. The article claimed that Limbaugh was saying that all soldiers who disagree with the Iraq War were "phony soldiers", and this assertion was repeated in speeches by 2008 Democratic presidential candidates John Edwards and Chris Dodd. Limbaugh said that, when he had made the comment about "phony soldiers", he had been speaking only of Macbeth and others like him who claim to be soldiers and are not, and that "Media Matters takes things out of context all the time". Media Matters pointed out that Limbaugh did not mention Jesse Macbeth on his September 26 radio show until one minute and 50 seconds after talking about "phony soldiers" with the caller."

Limbaugh addressed Media Matters' accusations during an interview on Fox News, explaining that the caller, after discussing the phony soldiers, went into a discussion of weapons of mass destruction. Limbaugh said that he allowed the caller to continue down that tangent while, off-mic, he searched for the commentary on Jesse Macbeth to present to his audience, thus accounting for the delay. The unedited transcript of the radio show in question can be found on Rush Limbaugh's website.

ESPN controversy
In 2003, Rush was hired by ESPN to be a commentator on Sunday NFL Countdown. On September 28, 2003, less than a month after his initial appearance on the show, Limbaugh made comments about Philadelphia Eagles quarterback Donovan McNabb and his perceived less than stellar performance as of late. "I think what we’ve had here is a little social concern in the NFL," Limbaugh said. "The media has been very desirous that a Black quarterback do well. … There is a little hope invested in McNabb, and he got a lot of credit for the performance of this team that he didn’t deserve. The defense carried this team."

By Tuesday McNabb responded to the comments, "It's sad that you've got to go to skin color. I thought we were through with that whole deal." On Wednesday, McNabb further elaborated: "It's somewhat shocking to hear that on national TV from him. It's not something that I can sit here and say won't bother me." After an uproar by various journalist and politicians, Limbaugh offered a resignation which was quickly accepted by ESPN.

Comments on Obama's policies
On January 16, 2009, Limbaugh read a letter on his radio show that he had received a request from a national print outlet: ... "If you could send us 400 words on your hope for the Obama presidency, we need it by Monday night, that would be ideal." He responded, "I don't need 400 words, I need four: I hope he fails." He explained that he didn't want "absorption of as much of the private sector by the US government as possible, from the banking business, to the mortgage industry, the automobile business, to health care. I do not want the government in charge of all of these things. I don't want this to work." He continued, "What is unfair about my saying I hope liberalism fails? Liberalism is our problem. Liberalism is what's gotten us dangerously close to the precipice here."

Limbaugh later said that he wants to see Obama's policies fail, not the man himself. Speaking of Obama, Limbaugh said, "He's my president, he's a human being, and his ideas and policies are what count for me."

"Leader of Republican Party"
Limbaugh was the keynote speaker at the 2009 Conservative Political Action Conference; his speech attracted widespread attention. On March 1, 2009, CBS's Face the Nation asked White House Chief Of Staff Rahm Emanuel who he thought represented the Republican Party; Emanuel named Limbaugh as his choice.

In remarks aired by CNN on March 1, 2009, Republican Party Chairman Michael Steele said that Limbaugh is "an entertainer" and his rhetoric at the convention was "incendiary" and "ugly". Steele later telephoned Limbaugh and apologized. Limbaugh stated he would not want to run the RNC in its "sad sack state".

On March 2, 2009, Limbaugh responded to Emanuel, and on March 4, 2009, Limbaugh challenged President Barack Obama to a debate on his radio program. Limbaugh offered to pay all of Obama's expenses including travel, food, lodging, and security. On March 6, Limbaugh told Byron York of the Washington Examiner that his ratings for his radio show had significantly increased since he had begun criticizing the Obama Administration.

Comments regarding Sandra Fluke
On February 29, 2012, Limbaugh said that Sandra Fluke, a Georgetown University law student and women's rights activist, supposedly was a "slut" and a "prostitute" on his radio show, in response to testimony that Fluke gave to Congressional Democrats in favor of requiring contraception to be included in insurance provided by employers, including religiously affiliated organizations that object to its usage. The negative response included boycott campaigns by social media groups pressuring the show's advertisers; as of March 8, up to forty-five advertisers had withdrawn or suspended their advertising on the show, and two radio stations, KPUA in Hilo, Hawaii, and WBEC in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, announced they would no longer broadcast the show.

In March 2012, social media boycott promoters claimed that an additional 96 advertisers had dropped the show, but The Washington Post later reported that this was just a regular quarterly notice, not specific to the controversy. Premiere responded to the boycott campaigns with an aggressive campaign to circumvent the traditional advertising agencies and account executives to solicit new advertisers, not just for Limbaugh but for its other talk properties as well; Premiere declared success with this strategy in June 2013, at which point many of the advertisers had long since returned and those that had not had been replaced. Competing networks Cumulus Media and Dial Global both blamed the controversy for advertising losses at their networks; in Cumulus's case, it was also a factor in the company's decision to drop Limbaugh from all of their stations (including several of Limbaugh's top-10 market affiliates, most of which were former ABC owned-and-operated stations) when the company's bulk carriage contract with Limbaugh expired at the end of 2013. (Cumulus backed down and signed a bulk-carriage contract extension at the end of 2013; all of Limbaugh's Cumulus affiliates except WABC were included.) The show has also been dropped by other stations such as WRKO in Boston and KFI in Los Angeles resulting it in being carried by weaker stations in major markets.

Operation Chaos
In late February 2008, Limbaugh announced "Operation Chaos," a political call to action with the initial plan to have voters of the Republican Party temporarily cross over to vote in the Democratic primary and vote for Hillary Clinton, who at the time was in the midst of losing eleven straight primary contests to Barack Obama.

At the point in which Limbaugh announced his gambit, Obama had seemed on the verge of clinching the Democratic nomination. However, Clinton subsequently won the Ohio primary and the Texas primary (while losing the Texas caucus and the overall delegate split) with large pluralities from rural counties; thus reemerging as a competitive opponent in the race.

On April 29, 2008, Limbaugh declared an "operational pause" in Operation Chaos, saying that Obama's defeat in the 2008 Pennsylvania primary and fallout from statements from Obama ally Reverend Jeremiah Wright could have damaged his campaign to the extent superdelegates would shift to Clinton's side. Determining Obama had weathered that storm, Limbaugh lifted the pause the next day and renewed his call for his listeners to vote for Clinton in the upcoming Indiana and North Carolina primaries. Obama won the North Carolina primary but was narrowly defeated in Indiana, where Clinton won decisively in rural counties that normally vote Republican in presidential elections.

The overall legality of Operation Chaos in several states, including Ohio and Indiana, is disputed. In Ohio, new party members are required to sign a pledge of loyalty to the party they join for a minimum of one year, making participation in "Operation Chaos" a possible felony (election falsification) in that state. However, Ohio Attorney General Marc Dann refused to press charges on anyone, saying that it would be nearly impossible to enforce because of difficulties proving voter intent and concerns that a loyalty oath would violate freedom of association.

By 2020, the name "Operation Chaos" had become associated enough with presidential party raiding that South Carolina Republicans seeking to disrupt that state's Democratic presidential primary recycled the name for their own efforts. Limbaugh did not endorse or address the South Carolina efforts.

title: The Rush Limbaugh Show


text:
PICAXE

PICAXE is a microcontroller system based on a range of Microchip PIC microcontrollers. PICAXE devices are Microchip PIC devices with pre-programmed firmware that enables bootloading of code directly from a PC, simplifying hobbyist embedded development (not unlike the Arduino and Parallax BASIC Stamp systems). PICAXE devices have been produced by Revolution Education (Rev-Ed) since 1999.

Hardware
There are currently six (6) PICAXE variants of differing pin counts (8-14-18-20-28-40) and are available as DIL and SMD.

PICAXE microcontrollers are pre-programmed with an interpreter similar to the BASIC Stamp but using internal EEPROM instead, thus reducing cost. This also allows downloads to be made with a simple serial connection which eliminates the need for a PIC programmer. PICAXE is programmed using an RS-232 serial cable or a USB cable which connects a computer to the download circuit, which normally uses a 3.5 mm jack and two resistors.

Programming language
PICAXE microcontrollers are programmed using BASIC.

The PICAXE interpreter features bit-banged communications: The "readtemp" command reads the temperature from a DS18B20 temperature sensor and converts it into Celsius.
 * Serial (asynchronous serial)
 * SPI (synchronous serial)
 * Infrared (using a 38 kHz carrier, seven data bits and five ID bits)
 * One-wire

All current PICAXEs have commands for using hardware features of the underlying PIC microcontrollers:
 * Hardware asynchronous serial
 * Hardware synchronous serial
 * Hardware PWM
 * DAC
 * ADC
 * SR Latch
 * Timers (two on X2/X1 parts which have settable intervals, only one on M2 parts with a fixed interval, older parts have none)
 * Comparators
 * Internal temperature measurement

Program space
All current PICAXE chips have at least 2048 bytes of on board program memory available for user programs:
 * 08M2 - 2048 bytes
 * 14M2 - 2048
 * 18M2+ - 2048
 * 20M2 - 2048
 * 20X2 - 4096
 * 28X1 - 4096
 * 40X1 - 4096
 * 28X2 - 4096 per slot with four slots for a total of 16 KiB
 * 40X2 - 4096 per slot with four slots for a total of 16 KiB

Clock speeds
The default clock speed for all M2 and X1 parts is 4 MHz and for the X2 parts is 8 MHz. The SETFREQ command allows speeds from 31 kHz up to 8 MHz for X1 parts, 31 kHz up to 32 MHz for M2 parts and 31 kHz up to 16 MHz for X2 parts (up to 64 MHz for the 20X2) using the internal resonator.

An external resonator can be used with the X1 parts for from 4 MHz to 20 MHz clock speeds and with the X2 parts for 16 MHz to 64 MHz clock speeds.

Project boards
Project boards for different applications are sold by Rev-Ed which contain the PICAXE, download circuit and may also contain a prototyping area or high power output drivers.

Software
Revolution Education develop software for writing programs for PICAXE.

PICAXE Programming Editor
PICAXE Programming Editor is a Windows-only IDE for writing PICAXE programs in BASIC code or a simple flowchart.

PICAXE Programming Editor features:
 * source code colour syntax highlighting
 * auto indentation
 * syntax check and program download
 * code explorer to shown variable, label and constant values
 * full on screen simulation with animated chips and line by line code highlighting
 * simulation breakpoints by line number and variable value
 * debug and serial terminal windows
 * AXE027 download cable testing and port identification tools
 * various testing tools such as the analogue calibration wizard
 * various code generation wizards (pwmout, tune, RTC setting, etc.)

AXEpad
AXEpad is a cross-platform application recommended for Linux and Mac users. It lacks some of Programming Editor's wizards, simulation and MDI.

Logicator for PICAXE
Logicator is an easy to use shareware flowcharting program. The Logicator web page is out of date as the free version does support all commands but shows nag screens.

PICAXE Programming Editor 6, the successor to PICAXE Programming Editor 5, has Logicator flowcharting merged into it so separate Logicator software is no longer required. Like PICAXE Programming Editor 5, PICAXE Programming Editor 6 is freeware.

Yenka
Yenka is a program developed by Crocodile Clips Ltd which has flowcharts and simulation.

Others
Many companies and organizations have put out their own editors with special features. Some include language translators or serial connectors, so there is a wide variety of consoles to be used.

Support
Support is available at the Technical Support section of the PICAXE website and at the PICAXE Forum.

The PICAXE Forum has a finished projects section where completed projects and PICAXE programs are posted, plus there is a similar section on the PICAXE website.

title: PICAXE


text:
Antonio Martínez (footballer, born 1977)

Antonio "Chivas" Martínez (born 9 July 1977) is a Mexican former professional footballer who last played as a midfielder for Major League Soccer club Chivas USA.

Nicknamed "Chivas" for his devotion to Chivas de Guadalajara, Martínez played college football at Cal State Fullerton and was drafted by the then-Dallas Burn in the second round of the 2000 MLS SuperDraft. Martínez played three and a half seasons for Dallas, leading the team in assists in 2002, setting a club record for assists in a game, with three.

Martinez was traded to the Los Angeles Galaxy, scoring a goal in his debut game. Martinez spent the first half 2004 with Spain's Salamanca where he became the first Mexican to play for the club in its eighty-five year history. Joined Mexico's Necaxa for the Torneo de Invierno 2004 season. Martínez came back to MLS in 2005, his rights were traded from Galaxy to Chivas USA, a team he seemed destined to play for. Martinez finished the year second in the team for scoring. He has scored 10 goals and 26 assists in five years of MLS league play. Martínez was released by Chivas prior to the 2006 season.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Perins Community School

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep, no consensus. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 15:09, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

Perins Community School
This article makes no attempt at establishing notability, the entire text is:
 * Perins Community School is a secondary school in Alresford, Hants, England.

and an external link that I can't get to work at the moment (although this internet connection has been intermittently flakey today). The BEEFSTEW score is 0. Also note that "Organic growth" has not worked for this article as it has not received any expansion since it was created on 2 December 2004. Those not familar with the UK education system should note that being a community school is not in itself notable - there are hundreds if not thousands accross the country. Thryduulf 13:49, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I note that now it has been expanded very slightly but it still scores 0 on BEEFSTEW. Being a "specialist sports college" isn't notable, as many (most?) successful state secondary schools have become specialist x colleges recently. As I understand it, you just have to show that you're a little above average in the local area in a particular field, and you get this status which is just a mechanism for gaining more funding for that particular subject. Thryduulf 18:22, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Substub, may as well add a list of schools in Alresford to that place's article (since that is also a stub).
 * Average Earthman forgot to sign at 16:57, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC) —Korath (Talk) 18:11, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * D'oh. I've added education to the Alresford article. And some history of the town as well. Average Earthman 21:32, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * And I still can't type properly. Spelling of Alresford corrected in entry above. Average Earthman 21:57, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Since it's apparently the fashion to appeal to authority for school vfds these days, even Jimbo thinks it should be zotzed. —Korath (Talk) 18:09, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable- virtually every school which isn't a faith school or a city academy is called a comunity school. --G Rutter 18:25, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as per Wikipedia policy and Jimbo's recommendation. Jayjg (talk) 18:26, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmmm we seem to be making some progress on the reasons for deletion. Actually I dispute Korath's interpretation of the Jimbo thing, but I don't particularly mind deleting substubs if they've had a chance. I will still vote Keep and give it more time, because even average secondary school have important and interesting things to be said about them, like how they raised the sponsorship needed to become a specialist college, why they specialized in that field, if that choice was influenced by the sponsors, and how the specialization changed the nature and level of examination achievements. We should be able to keep quality articles on average schools, because they are quality articles on verifiable subjects which significant numbers of people might want to read about. It doesn't mean we have to accept permanent substubs on every school. Kappa 18:36, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Specialist x colleges have nothing to do with sponsorship, all the extra money comes from the Government. There are a few UK schools that have been taken over by private organsiations, but that is completely different, and they have all been failing schools - which this clearly isn't.
 * Any information on whether the specialist x status has had any effect on examination results would be apropriate at Education in the United Kingdom or Education in England if its not a UK-wide policy (I don't know off the top of my head) where it can be contrasted with those schools that aren't specialist x colleges, but at the level of a single school it isn't anywhere near statistically significant. The only way that it being a specialist sports college could have any impact on its notability is if it was the first or last (and it certainly isn't the latter) to become one. Thryduulf 19:38, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * "Schools are required to raise £50,000 private sponsorship, in support of their application. This proves to be difficult for some. Schools which can demonstrate they have been fund raising for at least a year can apply to the Specialist Schools Trust for a top up grant from centrally held funds" The story of their specialization might not be "statistically significant", but it's interesting and informative. Kappa 19:55, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I was apparently misinformed about the sponsorship. Thryduulf 21:02, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep and continue to expand. The school was cited by Tony Blair as one of the 16 most-improved seconday schools in England a few years ago. Last year it became specialized in sports, making it unique and interesting. The article is much more than one sentence now.  Secondary schools should not need to prove notability.  --BaronLarf 20:04, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * As I have mentioned above, specialising in sports does not make it unique. Google returns ~8,400 results for "Specialist sports college", 8 of the first ten results are for different schools, those that aren't are from the BBC and are about two different schools. Thryduulf 21:02, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Thryduulf is correct, specializing in sports does not make it unique, there are growing numbers of schools with specialized status. Kappa 21:37, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, so I take it back about the sports college designation making it unique. There are 231 in the UK .  Even so, it should be kept. It was one of 16 schools named by Blair to be the most improved a few years ago.   Secondary schools should not have to prove notability. --BaronLarf 21:46, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * All that may mean is it used to be crap and now isn't. It doesn't feature in the BBC website's top 195 schools for GCSE results, or top 199 for 'added value'. Average Earthman 21:56, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * keep this please it looks like a notable sports college Yuckfoo 21:17, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. All public institutions belong in Wikipedia.--Gene_poole 22:55, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Article has become somewhat extensive and still fails to say how this school is exceptionally notable. Deleting all non-notable school articles, whether public or private, is a long-established precedent. Changing it would be a serious mistake. -Casito⇝Talk 23:20, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, deleting school articles because they don't meet the definition of notability according to a few geeks like us would be a serious mistake. This article has been expanded from nanostub to informative article since it was posted to VfD, and now establishes notability (even though it's not a requirement for inclusion). Relax and accomodate.  —RaD Man (talk) 01:54, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep All public institutions belong in Wikipedia. Especially school's and libraries. Klonimus 03:26, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Good article as is establishes notability. Capitalistroadster 05:05, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Notability is subjective. If there is any notability in the article it is not very noticable. Vegaswikian 05:58, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, notability not established. "Almost all students have English as their first language." for a school in England is extremely trivial. Radiant_* 07:33, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into Alresford and delete - Skysmith 09:36, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - As Per all schools, I vote to keep. --Irishpunktom\talk 11:52, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep It's grown to a size and level of detail that makes it worthwhile Fg2 01:57, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete More interesting than most, I guess, but who cares when the head took up her position? The amount of league tables and other stats would mean setting a dangerous precedent (not GWB) by keeping this. The JPS 00:30, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Wikipedia isn't working to a deadline and schools are important. Oliver Chettle 02:29, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable.  Noisy | Talk 11:10, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Mcfly85 04:49, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep clearly improving Houshuang 01:08, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Notability not established. This is an encyclopedia not a directory. Master Thief Garrett 01:40, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: The account User:Master Thief Garrett was created 2 weeks ago. Welcome.  —RaD Man (talk) 06:48, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Wikipedia is not improved by the removal of school articles. ~leif ☺ (talk) 20:17, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Agree with leif --Zantastik 03:07, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Useless collection of generic facts about an insignificant school. This is not an encyclopedia article. Individual schools are not inherently encyclopedic and there is nothing to distinguish insignificant schools like this one from thousands of nearly identical schools around the world. Gamaliel 03:11, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Wikipedia is not paper and schools are notable.  Regardless, this article is now a bit more than a stub and is much more encyclopedic now than it was when it was listed here. - Jersyko 18:04, May 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep looks like a very valid School stub to me.  ALKIVAR ™[[Image:Radioactive.svg|18px|]] 19:21, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, it has greatly improved since it was first listed.  Tallyman 22:53, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.