text:
78th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)

The 78th Infantry Division (78. Infanterie-Division), later known as the 78th Assault Division (78. Sturm-Division), was a German infantry formation which fought during World War II. After the 78th Assault Division was destroyed near Minsk in July 1944, the 78th Volksgrenadier Division (78. Volksgrenadier-Division; formerly 543rd Volksgrenadier Division (543. Volksgrenadier-Division)) was created.

Unit history
The 78th Infantry Division was raised in August 1939 in Stuttgart, incorporating reservists from Baden-Württemberg (its divisional symbol was a representation of Ulm Minster).

It was stationed in France for occupation duties from the summer of 1940 through the spring of 1941, and then transferred east to participate in Operation Barbarossa with Army Group Centre. The division advanced from the Polish border to the gates of Moscow, being halted on 3 December 1941 by the Soviet defences. By January 7, 1942, the division had been pushed back from Ruza to Gzhatsk where the Soviet winter offensive was halted. The division then formed the South East flank of the Rzhev-Vyazma Salient. Late in 1942 it suffered heavy losses in the Rzhev battles.

At the beginning of 1943 it was reorganised as the 78th Sturm Division (a new divisional symbol, an armoured fist, being adopted, derived from the artificial hand of Götz von Berlichingen) with additional adjustments to its strength and organisation over the next several months. Each of its three infantry regiments was redesignated as a Sturm-Regiment. The designation Sturm (assault) reflected the division's increased strength, which eventually included subordinate Sturmgeschutz (assault gun) Heavy Mortar and Nebelwerfer (rocket launcher) battalions and a tank destroyer unit equipped with Marder IIs, as well as extra regimental artillery support. With its new organisation, the division took part in Operation Citadel as part of the XXIII Corps of the Ninth Army, being involved in the fighting at Ponyri. During the following Soviet Counteroffensive the division was first transferred from the Ninth Army to the Second Panzer Army in July, then again to the Fourth Army in September where the division was forced back to the Panther-Wotan line East of Orsha.

During the June - July 1944 Soviet offensive against Army Group Centre, Operation Bagration, the division was assigned to defend the main Moscow - Minsk road and the town of Orsha. During the fighting the division was destroyed, having failed to break out of an encirclement east of Minsk on the night of 5/6 July. Surviving elements were taken over by the 565th Volksgrenadier Division.

78th Volksgrenadier Division
Later that month, the division was reconstituted as the 78th Grenadier Division, by renaming the 543rd Volksgrenadier Division then in the process of forming. In October 1944 it was renamed as 78th Volksgrenadier Division, and in early 1945 renamed again to 78th Volks-Sturm Division, being assigned to Army Group Centre. It was among the forces of the First Panzer Army pushed from Upper Silesia into Czechoslovakia, where its troops surrendered to the Soviets near Olomouc at the end of the war in May.

On 1 January 1945, the 78th Volksgrenadier Division (then under 17th Army of Army Group A) had a strength of 9,715 men.

Order of battle (1944)

 * 78. Division Headquarters
 * 78. Mapping Detachment (mot.)
 * Military Police Platoon
 * Panzerjäger Platoon
 * Flak Platoon
 * 14. Assault Regiment
 * Staff Company
 * Motorcycle Platoon
 * Infantry Gun Company
 * Panzerjäger Company
 * Pioneer Company
 * 2 x Battalions
 * Battalion Staff
 * 3 x Companies (mot.)
 * Machine Gun Company (mot.)
 * Mortar Company
 * Flak Platoon
 * 195. Assault Regiment
 * Staff Company
 * Motorcycle Platoon
 * Infantry Gun Company
 * Panzerjäger Company
 * Pioneer Company
 * 2 x Battalions
 * Battalion Staff
 * 3 x Companies (mot.)
 * Machine Gun Company (mot.)
 * Mortar Company
 * Flak Platoon
 * 215. Assault Regiment
 * Staff Company
 * Motorcycle Platoon
 * Infantry Gun Company
 * Panzerjäger Company
 * Pioneer Company
 * 2 x Battalions
 * Battalion Staff
 * 3 x Companies (mot.)
 * Machine Gun Company (mot.)
 * Mortar Company
 * Flak Platoon
 * 178. Reconnaissance Battalion
 * Staff Company
 * 3 x Companies (mot.)
 * Motorcycle Platoon
 * Machine Gun Platoon
 * 178. Panzerjäger Battalion
 * Staff Company
 * 2 x Panzerjäger Companies (self-propelled)
 * 519. Heavy Panzerjäger Battalion
 * Staff Company
 * 3 x Panzerjäger Companies (self-propelled)
 * 198. Assault Gun Brigade
 * Staff Company
 * 3 x Sturmgeschütz Companies
 * 178. Artillery Regiment
 * Staff Battery (mot.)
 * 3 x Light Artillery Battalions
 * 3 x Batteries (mot.)
 * 1 x Medium Artillery Battalion
 * 3 x Batteries (mot.)
 * 178. Pioneer Battalion
 * Staff Company
 * 3 x Pioneer Companies (mot.)
 * 5. Mortar Battalion
 * Staff Company
 * 2 x Heavy Mortar Companies (mot.)
 * 293. Heavy Flak Battaltion
 * Staff Company
 * 3 x Flak Companies (mot.)
 * Supply and Support Units

title: 78th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)


text:
Parkway Field

Parkway Field is the name of a baseball park that stood in Louisville, Kentucky on the University of Louisville campus. It was home to college, minor league, and negro league teams, with the longest stints by the Louisville Colonels of the American Association from 1923 into the mid-1950s, and the University of Louisville baseball team for several decades until they abandoned it in 1998 in favor of Cardinal Stadium. The grandstand that allowed professional baseball to be played at the venue in the first half of the 20th century was torn down in 1961.

Dimensions
In the Louisville Courier-Journal of August 16, 1936, p. 41, the dimensions were given as follows: home plate to left field 331 ft; center field 512 ft; right field 350 ft; backstop 60 ft. Later, signs were posted on the fences, stating left field 329, center 507, right 345. The Louisville Courier-Journal of June 10, 1944, p. 13, reported that the ballpark had been re-surveyed, and that centerfield (whose wall had been moved inward a few years earlier) was "only" 485 ft from home plate; the foul line distances of 329 and 345 were confirmed.

University of Louisville baseball
Prior to its demolition, Parkway Field had become a homerun haven for University of Louisville Cardinals head coach Gene Baker's "Over the Wall Gang." The Cardinals led NCAA Division I in homers in 1991 and 1992 while finishing second in 1995. The 1991 team featured six Cardinals who tallied at least 15 homeruns each, Richie Hawks, Rob Newman, Greg Gooding, Dan Kopriva, Charlie Allen, and Darren Oppel. The 1992 club also topped the nation in team batting average and team slugging percentage.

Remnants
The ballpark site is south of Eastern Parkway and west of Brook Street, near the university campus. The field itself remains, and is still used for intramural football and soccer at the university. The stadium seating has long since been demolished. In the early 2000s there were still some visible remnants of the ballfield, including the poorly kept diamond, backstop, dugouts and outfield walls. Those have since been removed, leaving just a chain-link fenced, rectangular football/soccer field.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Parkway Field


text: User talk:64.203.13.100

title: User talk:64.203.13.100


text: User talk:68.21.12.53

title: User talk:68.21.12.53


text:
Defense Logistics Agency

The Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) is a combat support agency in the United States Department of Defense (DoD). The agency is staffed by over 26,000 civilian and military personnel throughout the world. Located in 48 states and 28 countries, DLA provides supplies to the military services and supports their acquisition of weapons, fuel, repair parts, and other materials. The agency also disposes of excess or unusable equipment through various programs.

Through other U.S. federal agencies, DLA also provides relief supplies to victims of natural disasters and humanitarian aid to refugees and internally displaced persons.

Structure
DLA is headquartered in Fort Belvoir, Virginia. It contains numerous offices responsible for supporting the overall agency.

The agency has several major subordinate activities operating in the field:

 * DLA Aviation, headquartered in Richmond, Virginia, primarily supplies aircraft parts and expertise.
 * DLA Disposition Services, based in Battle Creek, Michigan, helps the military dispose of excess items. In addition to typical military items, such as vehicles and uniforms, Disposition Services also helps the military donate computers to primary schools, through the DoD Computers for Learning program.
 * DLA Distribution, headquartered in New Cumberland, Pennsylvania, transports and stores items for DoD and other customers.
 * DLA Energy provides fuel for aircraft, ships, the U.S. space program, and for commercial space exploration. It has also provided helium for the U.S. Border Patrol surveillance aerostats.
 * DLA Troop Support, headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, supplies uniforms, meals, medical supplies, construction equipment, and other items to deployed military members. It also supports the U.S. Department of Agriculture and helps provide fresh fruits and vegetables for some U.S. primary schools and eligible Indian reservations.
 * DLA Land and Maritime, headquartered in Columbus, Ohio, provides parts and maintenance for military ground vehicles and some ships.

DLA also operates three full-time organizations embedded with three Combatant Commands (COCOMs) of the U.S. military: DLA CENTCOM & SOCOM, DLA Europe & Africa, and DLA Indo-Pacific.

DLA Police

DLA has its own police department that provides police services (patrol, minor investigations, traffic enforcement) physical security, emergency response, access control, alarm response and counter-terrorism protection.

Organization and Training
DLA Police Officers are federal police officers who were trained at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Centre (FLETC) (in Georgia) or at the Army Civilian Police Academy (ACPA) (in Missouri) and then further on-the-job training.

During the first year, officers have 11 weeks of intensive training in the Uniformed Police Training Program (UPTP) (provided by the FLETC), or a 9-week course at the ACPA. Then, after graduation from FLETC, officers will continue to develop skills through additional in-service training.

Uniform and Equipment

DLA Police Officers wear a dark-blue typical city-style police uniform and are armed with a SIG Sauer M17 pistol along with a Benelli M4 patrol shotgun. They also have expandable batons, radios, spare magazines, and handcuffs.

Origins, 1941–1954
The seeds of the DLA were planted in World War II, when America's military needed to get vast amounts of munitions and supplies quickly. During the war, the military services began to coordinate more when it came to procurement, particularly of petroleum products, medical supplies, clothing, and other commodities. The main offices of the Army and Navy for each commodity were collocated.

After the war, the call grew louder for more complete coordination throughout the whole field of supply—including storage, distribution, transportation, and other aspects of supply. In 1947, there were seven supply systems in the Army, plus an Air Technical Service Command, and 18 systems in the Navy, including the quartermaster of the Marine Corps. Passage of the National Security Act of 1947 prompted new efforts to eliminate duplication and overlap among the services in the supply area and laid the foundation for the eventual creation of a single integrated supply agency. The act created the Munitions Board, which began to reorganize these major supply categories into joint procurement agencies. Meanwhile, in 1949, the Commission on the Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government (Hoover Commission), a presidential commission headed by former President Herbert Hoover, recommended that the National Security Act be specifically amended so as to strengthen the authority of the Secretary of Defense so that he could integrate the organization and procedures of the various phases of supply in the military services.

The Munitions Board was not as successful as hoped in eliminating duplication among the services in the supply area. Congress became disenchanted with the board, and in the Defense Cataloging and Standardization Act of 1952, transferred the board's functions to a new Defense Supply Management Agency. The Eisenhower Reorganization Plan Number 6 (1953) abolished both this agency and the Munitions Board, replacing them with a single executive, an Assistant Secretary of Defense for Supply and Logistics. Meanwhile, the Korean War led to several investigations by Congress of military supply management, which threatened to impose a common supply service on the military services from the outside.

Integrated management began in 1958 with the formation of the Armed Forces Supply Support Center. For the first time, all the military services bought, stored, and issued items using a common nomenclature. The Defense Department and the services defined the material that would be managed on an integrated basis as "consumables", meaning supplies that are not repairable or are consumed in normal use. Consumable items, also called commodities were assigned to one military service to manage for all the services.

Early history, 1955–1961
The pressure for consolidation continued. In July 1955, the second Hoover Commission recommended centralizing management of common military logistics support and introducing uniform financial management practices. It also recommended that a separate and completely civilian-managed agency be created with the Defense Department to administer all military common supply and service activities. The military services feared that such an agency would be less responsive to military requirements and jeopardize the success of military operations. Congress, however, remained concerned about the Hoover Commission's indictment of waste and inefficiencies in the military services. To avoid having Congress take the matter away from the military entirely, DoD reversed its position. The solution proposed and approved by the Secretary of Defense was to appoint "single managers" for a selected group of common supply and service activities.

Under a Defense directive approved by the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Supply and Logistics, the Secretary of Defense would formally appoint one of the three service secretaries as single manager for selected group of commodities or common service activities. The Army managed food and clothing; the Navy managed medical supplies, petroleum, and industrial parts; and the Air Force managed electronic items. In each category, the single manager was able to reduce his investment by centralizing wholesale stocks, and to simplify the supply process by persuading the services to adopt the same standard items. Over a six-year period, the single manager agencies reduced their item assignments by about 9,000, or 20 percent, and their inventories by about $800 million, or 30 percent. Proposals were soon made to extend this concept to other commodities. The single manager concept was the most significant advance toward integrated supply management within DoD or the military services since World War II.

The Defense Cataloging and Standardization Act led to the creation of the first Federal Catalog, completed in 1956. The federal catalog system provided an organized and systematic approach for describing an item of supply, assigning and recording a unique identifying number, and providing information on the item to the system's users. The initial catalog, containing about 3.5 million items, was a rough draft, full of duplications and errors, but it effectively highlighted the areas where standardization was feasible and necessary.

Defense Supply Agency, 1961–1977
When Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara assumed office in the spring of 1961, the first generation of single managers were handling roughly 39,000 items by procedures with which the Services had become familiar. Yet, it was clear that the single manager concept, though successful, did not provide the uniform procedures that the Hoover Commission had recommended. Each single manager operated under the procedures of its parent service, and customers had to use as many sets of procedures as there were commodity managers. Secretary McNamara was convinced that the problem required some kind of an organizational arrangement to "manage the managers". On March 23, 1961, he convened a panel of high-ranking Defense officials, and directed them to study alternative plans for improving DOD-wide organization for integrated supply management, a task designated as "Project 100." The committee's report highlighted the principal weaknesses of the multiple-single-manager supply system.

After much debate among the service chiefs and secretaries, on August 31, 1961, Secretary McNamara announced the establishment of a separate common supply and service agency known as the Defense Supply Agency (DSA). The new agency was formally established on October 1, 1961, under the command of Lieutenant General Andrew T. McNamara (no relation to Robert McNamara). McNamara, an energetic and experienced Army logistician who had served as Quartermaster General, rapidly pulled together a small staff and set up operations in the worn Munitions Building in Washington, D.C. A short time later, he moved his staff into more suitable facilities at Cameron Station in Alexandria, Virginia.

When the agency formally began operations on January 1, 1962, it controlled six commodity-type and two service-type single managers: Defense Clothing & Textile Supply Center, (formerly the Philadelphia Quartermaster Depot); Defense Construction Supply Center, Columbus, Ohio; Defense General Supply Center, Richmond, Virginia; Defense Medical Supply Center, Brooklyn, New York; Defense Petroleum Supply Center, Washington, D.C.; Defense Subsistence Supply Center, Chicago, Illinois; Defense Traffic Management Service, Washington, D.C.; and Defense Logistics Services Center, Washington, D.C. Officials estimated that the consolidation of these functions under DSA and subsequent unified operations would allow them to reduce the workforce by 3,300 people and save more than $30 million each year. The results far exceeded these expectations. The agency, made up primarily of civilians but with military from all the services, would administer the Federal Catalog Program, the Defense Standardization Program, the Defense Utilization Program, and the Surplus Personal Property Disposal Program.

During the first six months, two additional single managers—the Defense Industrial Supply Center in Philadelphia and the Defense Automotive Supply Center in Detroit, Michigan—came under DSA control, as did the Defense Electronic Supply Center, Dayton, Ohio. By July 1, 1962, the agency included 11 field organizations, employed 16,500 people, and managed 45 facilities. The Defense Industrial Plant Equipment Center, a new activity, was established under the agency in March 1963 to handle storage, repair, and redistribution of idle equipment. By late June 1963 the agency was managing over one million different items in nine supply centers with an estimated inventory of $2.5 billion. On July 1, 1965, the Defense Subsistence Supply Center, Defense Clothing Supply Center, and Defense Medical Supply Center were merged to form the Defense Personnel Support Center in Philadelphia.

The DSA was tested almost immediately with the Cuban Missile Crisis and the military buildup in Vietnam. Supporting U.S. forces in Vietnam was the most severe, extensive test of the supply system in the young agency's history. The agency launched an accelerated procurement program to meet the extra demand created by the military buildup in Southeast Asia. The agency's supply centers responded in record time to orders for everything from boots and lightweight tropical uniforms to food, sandbags, construction materials, and petroleum products. Between 1965 and 1969 over 22 million short tons of dry cargo and over 14 million short tons of bulk petroleum were transported to Vietnam. As a result of support to the operations in Vietnam, DSA's total procurement soared to $4 billion in fiscal year 1966 and $6.2 billion in fiscal year 1967. Until the mid-1960s, the demand for food was largely for non-perishables, both canned and dehydrated. But in 1966, thousands of portable walk-in, refrigerated storage boxes filled with perishable beef, eggs, fresh fruits and vegetables began arriving in Vietnam, a logistics miracle.

As the buildup continued in Southeast Asia, on 1 January 1963, the agency acquired Army general depots at Columbus, Ohio, and Tracy, California, and the Navy depot at Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. Acquisition of Army depots at Memphis, Tennessee, and Ogden, Utah, on January 1, 1964, completed the DSA depot network.

In addition to the depot mission, the agency became responsible for administering most Defense contracts—both those awarded by DSA and by the military services. In 1965, the Defense Department consolidated most of the contract administration activities of the military services to avoid duplication of effort and provide uniform procedures in administering contracts. Officials established the Defense Contract Administration Services (DCAS) within DSA to manage the consolidated functions. The agency's new contract administration mission gave it responsibility for the performance of most defense contractors, including some new weapon systems and their components. Yet, the services retained contract administration of state-of-the-art weapon systems.

The expanded contract administration mission significantly altered the shape of DSA. The agency that had begun operations three years earlier with more than 90 percent of its resources devoted to supply operations had evolved to one almost evenly divided between supply support and logistics services. As part of a streamlining effort, in 1975, the eleven DCAS regions were reduced to nine. The following year, officials reorganized the DCAS field structure to eliminate the intermediate command supervisory levels known as DCAS districts.

As the move to consolidate Defense contracting progressed, a congressional report in 1972 recommended centralizing the disposal of DoD property for better accountability. In response, on September 12, 1972, DSA established the Defense Property Disposal Service (later renamed the Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service) at the Michigan Battle Creek Federal Center, (now renamed the Hart-Dole-Inouye Federal Center) as a primary-level field activity.

During 1972 and 1973, the agency's responsibilities extended overseas when it assumed responsibility for defense overseas property disposal operations and worldwide procurement, management, and distribution of coal and bulk petroleum products (1972), and worldwide management of food items for troop feeding and in support of commissaries (1973). One dramatic example of the agency's overseas support role was during the Middle East crisis in October 1973 when it was called upon to deliver, on an urgent basis, a wide range of vitally needed military equipment. Responsibilities for subsistence management were expanded in 1976 and 1977 with improvements required in the current wholesale management system and the assumption of major responsibilities in the DoD Food Service Program. By 1977, the agency had expanded from an agency that administered a handful of single manager supply agencies to one that had a dominant role in logistics functions throughout the Defense Department.

Defense Logistics Agency, since 1977
In recognition of 16 years of growth and greatly expanded responsibilities, on January 1, 1977, officials changed the name of the Defense Supply Agency to the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA). The next decade was a period of continued change and expanded missions. Officials published a revised agency charter in June 1978. Major revisions included a change in reporting channels directed by the Secretary of Defense which placed the agency under the management, direction, and control of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower, Reserve Affairs, and Logistics.

As part of various organizational changes during this period, officials eliminated depot operations at the Defense Electronics Supply Center in 1979 and began stocking electronic material at depots closer to the using military activities. The Defense Industrial Plant Equipment Center was phased out in the late 1980s when responsibility for managing the Defense Department's reserve of industrial plant equipment was transferred to the Defense General Supply Center in Richmond, Virginia.

Another major mission came in July 1988 when, by presidential order, the agency assumed management of the nation's stockpile of strategic materials from the General Services Administration. Soon after, DLA established the Defense National Stockpile Center as a primary-level field activity. In 1989, the military services were directed to transfer one million consumable items to DLA for management.

The 1980s brought other changes as well. On October 1, 1986, the Goldwater-Nichols Reorganization Act identified DLA as a combat support agency and required that the selection of the DLA Director be approved by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The act also directed the Office of the Secretary of Defense to study the functions and organizational structure of DLA to determine the most effective and economical means of providing required services to its customers. It helped the agency's mission evolve from functional concerns (e.g. inventory management, contract administration) to operational concerns (e.g., enhancement of materiel readiness and sustainability of the military services and the unified and specified commands).

Further implementation of reorganization recommendations, especially from the Goldwater-Nichols Act, resulted from Secretary of Defense Richard Cheney’s Defense Management Review report to the President in July 1989. The report emphasized improving management efficiencies in the Defense Department by "cutting excess infrastructure, eliminating redundant functions and initiating common business practices". After the implementation of the Defense Management Review decisions, DLA assumed some of the military services’ responsibilities, such as inventory management and distribution functions.

A Defense Management Review-directed study recommended the consolidation of DoD contract management. Although DLA had received responsibility for administering most defense contracts in 1965, the military services had retained responsibility for administering most major weapons systems and overseas contracts. On February 6, 1990, DoD directed that virtually all contract administration functions be consolidated within DLA. In response, the agency established the Defense Contract Management Command (DCMC), absorbing its Defense Contract Administration Services into the new command. The military services retained responsibility for contracts covering shipbuilding and ammunition plants. In June, however, the services’ responsibility (5,400 personnel and 100,000 contracts valued at $400 million) for managing the majority of weapons systems contracts was transferred to the Defense Contract Management Command.

Reorganizing for the 1990s
During the 1990s, the agency's role in supporting military contingencies and humanitarian assistance operations grew dramatically. Operation Desert Shield began in August 1990 in response to an Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Soon after President George Bush announced the involvement of the U.S. military, the agency was at the center of the effort to support the deployment to the Middle East and later the war. In those first critical months, most of the supplies transported to Saudi Arabia—from bread to boots, from nerve gas antidote to jet fuel—came from DLA stock. During this operation and the subsequent Operation Desert Storm, the agency provided the military services with over $3 billion of food, clothing, textiles, medical supplies, and weapons system repair parts in response to over 2 million requisitions. The mission execution included providing supply support, contract management, and technical and logistics services to all military services, unified commands, and several allied nations. The quality of supply support that DLA provided American combat forces during these operations earned it the Joint Meritorious Unit Award (JMUA) in 1991.

DLA support continued in the Middle East long after most U.S. forces had redeployed. As part of Operation Provide Comfort, in April 1991 the agency provided over $68 million of food, clothing, textiles, and medical supplies to support a major land and air relief operation designed to aid refugees—mostly Kurds in Iraq.

DLA supported other contingency operations as well. In October 1994 DLA deployed an initial element to support operations in Haiti and established its first Contingency Support Team. In December 1995, the first element of a DLA Contingency Support Team deployed to Hungary to coordinate the delivery of needed agency supplies and services to U.S. military units deployed in Bosnia and other NATO forces. Closer to home, the agency supported relief efforts after Hurricane Andrew in Florida (1992) and Hurricane Marilyn in the U.S. Virgin Islands (1995).

An even more dominant theme for the 1990s was the agency's efforts to reorganize so that it could support the war fighter more effectively and efficiently. In August 1990, Defense Contract Management Regions Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, and Philadelphia were re-designated as Defense Contract Management Districts South, Northeast, North Central, West, and Mid Atlantic respectively. Defense Contract Management Regions Cleveland, Dallas, New York City, and St. Louis were disestablished. Defense Contract Management Districts Mid Atlantic and North Central were disestablished in May 1994.

Throughout the 1990s the agency continued its effort to eliminate managerial and stockage duplication, reducing overhead costs. In April 1990 Secretary Cheney directed that all the distribution depots of the military services and DLA be consolidated into a single, unified materiel distribution system to reduce overhead and costs and designated DLA to manage it. The consolidation began in October 1990 and was completed March 16, 1992. The system consisted of 30 depots at 32 sites with 62 storage locations, which stored over 8.7 million spare parts, subsistence, and other consumable items worth $127 billion in 788 million square feet (73 km²) of storage. Until September 1997, two regional offices—Defense Distribution Region East (DDRE) in New Cumberland, Pennsylvania, and Defense Distribution Region West (DDRW) in Stockton, California, managed a vast network of distribution depots within their respective geographic boundaries. They later merged into Defense Distribution Center, New Cumberland.

The Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) process instituted in 1993 significantly affected the way the agency organized for its contract administration and supply distribution missions. As a result of BRAC 1993, officials merged, realigned, or closed several DLA primary-level field activities. Specifically, they closed two of the five contract management districts and Defense Electronics Supply Center. Defense Distribution Depot Charleston, Defense Distribution Depot Oakland, and the Tooele Facility, Defense Distribution Depot Ogden, Utah, were disestablished. Defense General Supply Center became Defense Supply Center, Richmond. In response to BRAC 1993, in 1996 officials merged the former Defense Construction Supply Center Columbus and the former Defense Electronic Supply Center Dayton to form Defense Supply Center Columbus. On July 3, 1999, Defense Industrial Supply Center was disestablished and merged with Defense Personnel Support Center (DPSC) to form the new Defense Supply Center Philadelphia. Also on March 27, 2000, Defense Contract Management Command was renamed Defense Contract Management Agency and established as a separate agency within the DoD to operate more efficiently.

Meanwhile, DLA headquarters underwent a major reorganization. In March 1993, the agency re-engineered its headquarters to form integrated business units for Supply Management, Distribution, and Contract Management. As a result, only 6 organizations, rather than 42, would report directly to the Director. In 1995 the DLA headquarters and Defense Fuel Supply Center (renamed Defense Energy Support Center (DESC) in January 1998) moved from Cameron Station to Fort Belvoir, Virginia. In October 1996, Defense Printing Services, renamed Defense Automated Printing Service (DAPS), transferred to DLA. In late December 1997 and early January 1998, the headquarters was again realigned, and the agency's Defense Materiel Management Directorate became Defense Logistics Support Command under Rear Admiral David P. Keller.

In November 1995, DLA launched a $1 billion project called the Business Systems Modernization program (BSM) to replace the Defense Department's cache of aging procurement software programs with a DoD-wide standard automated procurement system that supported electronic commerce. The EMall (electronic mall) approach to ordering supplies was developed in 1993, before many organizations were using the internet for electronic commerce. In 1996 the agency received a JMUA for saving DoD and the taxpayer $6.3 billion by using EMall but a 2004 GAO report questioned the value of the program. Since its establishment in 1961, the agency has successfully standardized, procured, managed, and distributed DoD consumable items throughout the military services, thus eliminating wasteful duplication. The agency assumed a major logistics role previously performed by the military services. The reorganization, move to electronic commerce, and other changes in the 1990s better positioned the agency to support the war fighter in the next century.

Operations Iraqi Freedom, Enduring Freedom and Resolute Support
In support of Operation Enduring Freedom, DLA processed more than 6.8 million requisitions with a total value of more than $6.9 billion; provided $21.2 million in humanitarian support (3.5 million pounds of wheat, 49,000 pounds of dates, 3.8 million humanitarian daily rations and 30,000 blankets) and supplied more than 2.3 e9USgal of fuel.

Also, in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom, DLA processed 6.4 million requisitions with a total value of more than $6.89 billion, provided more than 180.5 million field meals, provided nearly 2 million humanitarian daily rations for displaced refugees and supplied more than 3 e9USgal of fuel. As action on the war front wanes, the DLA mission does not. The Agency continues to supply 100 percent of food, fuel and medical supplies, as well as most of the clothing, construction materials, and spare parts for weapons systems for the forces that remain during the reconstruction of Iraq. DLA also supports redeployments, including conducting battlefield cleanup such as removing equipment and debris and even hazardous materials.

DLA did so while employing only 26,000 people, down from 65,000 workers in 1992. The Agency's military force includes slightly more than 500 on active duty with the Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines, along with nearly 800 reservists.

Two DLA civilian employees have been killed by hostile fire while deployed in theater as volunteers. On Sept. 16, 2014, DLA employee Stephen Byus, 39, of Reynoldsburg, Ohio, was killed by a suicide bomber in Kabul. On June 8, 2015, DLA employee Krissie Davis, 54, of Talladega, Alabama, was killed in a rocket attack on Bagram Airfield.

Domestic Disaster relief
In the aftermath of earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, hurricanes and other natural disasters, DLA supports other U.S. federal agencies with supplies and personnel as requested. For domestic disasters, DLA supports the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the U.S. Forest Service (to support wilderness firefighting), the U.S. Coast Guard, and others. For disasters affecting other countries, DLA primarily supports the U.S. Agency for International Development and the Department of State, as well as the COCOMs of the U.S. military (e.g., U.S. Southern Command).

In 2005, DLA's domestic disaster support amounted to $409 million, with Hurricanes Katrina and Rita relief commanding the vast majority of the resources. As Hurricane Katrina began developing into a Category 5 hurricane, DLA prepared to step in, directing command and control functions through the DLA Logistics Operations Center. It deployed about 19 people to work positions in support of hurricane relief efforts. The response to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita was massive, and it spotlighted DLA's continuing, if increasing, role in domestic storm relief.

DLA provided the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) with MREs and other supplies for evacuees and personnel fighting the October 2007 California wildfires.

In 2008, DLA provided humanitarian supplies in support of Hurricanes Gustav and Ike relief efforts in Texas and along the Gulf Coast.

In 2017, DLA assisted the FEMA in providing supplies and personnel to support relief to Americans affected by Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria.

Since February 2020, DLA has been supporting relief efforts related to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to protecting military personnel, the agency provided personal protective equipment (PPE) to FEMA and the Department of Health and Human Services. It has also supplied military hospitals deployed to hotspots across the country with parts, medical materiel, and fuel.

2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
The tsunami waves that struck December 26, 2004, and killed thousands in South Asia was the largest earthquake to strike since 1964. The 8.9-magnitude quake hit off the coast of Indonesia and triggered extremely large waves that brought massive flooding, damage, and loss of life in the region.

The initial call came in December 30 warning DSCP's Medical Directorate it would be getting about 1,400 line requisitions as soon as the orders were official for the USNS Mercy hospital ship to deploy and by mid-January 2005, DSCP had filled about 1,100 lines for the 1,000-bed hospital ship that was deployed for several months in the Indian Ocean. Altogether for tsunami support, DLA processed 8,789 requisitions for $53 million.

2005 Kashmir earthquake
A 7.6-magnitude earthquake struck Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan at 8:50 a.m. local time on October 8, 2005. The epicenter was located near Muzaffarabad, the capital of Pakistani-administered Kashmir, about 60 mi north-northeast of Islamabad.

A total of 14 commercial Boeing 747s were required to move the 506 air pallets built by DLA and shipped to Pakistan. The last shipment arrived November 23. In addition to these materials, 9,720 cases of Halal meals, or 116,640 individual pre-packaged meals, produced through DSCP for the Combined Forces Land Component Command, were sent to Pakistan to provide immediate feeding to refugees and survivors. The Pakistan earthquake relief effort continued throughout the winter.

2010 Haiti earthquake
Following the devastating earthquake in Haiti in January 2010, DLA provided humanitarian support to Haiti, including 2.7 million Meals, Ready-to-Eat (MREs).

2011 Japan earthquake
DLA provided humanitarian support to Japan in wake of the 9.0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami in March 2011 by supplying fuel for Japanese helicopters conducting search and rescue operations, in addition to providing diapers, blankets, medical supplies, food, MREs, and water.

2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa
In 2014, civilian and military employees of DLA deployed to Liberia as part of Operation United Assistance, to help African countries deal with an outbreak of ebola.

2015–2018 support to Syrian refugees
DLA has, at the instruction of the DoD and Congress, supported the provision of relief supplies to refugees and internally displaced persons in the Middle East.

2016 Haiti hurricane
In 2016, DLA personnel deployed to Haiti to assist in humanitarian assistance in the aftermath of Hurricane Matthew.

Civilian Award
The Defense Logistics Agency Civilian Award is a medal awarded to civilian employees of the United States Department of Defense working worldwide and supporting the logistical needs of the Department of Defense.

title: Defense Logistics Agency


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fag (cigarette)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete (blk-cmp error). – ABCD 20:44, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Fag (cigarette)
This is pure dicdef with no potential to become more than that; no potential encyclopedicity. Now, I know your first instinct, then, is to just say move to wiktionary, but it has just been transwikied, and so that is why it needs to be deleted.--Dmcdevit 05:06, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete dicdef —Wahoofive | Talk 05:56, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Kevin Rector 06:15, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with cigarette, no need to redirect.   — J I P | Talk 06:50, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nothing here to really merge. Megan1967 11:22, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, dicdef already transwikied, no potential encyclopedic content. Barno 15:23, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, dicfef, nothing useful to merge. Dave the Red (talk) 19:11, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Err, why not redirect?. DON'T BREAK LINKS WITH GOOD REASON! Pcb21| Pete 22:28, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, my reasoning was that no one is going to type in "Fag (cigarette)". No one ever types in those little disambig paretheticals. If anything, they'll search for fag and get a disambig page directing them where to go. Most likely, if they want cigarette, they'll just type that anyway, not the slang. --Dmcdevit 22:42, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * According to "what links here", 7 pages link here, not including those related to VfD. It wouldn't be too hard to go through each one and change the link to being ciggarette, but than again it also wouldn't be to hard to make this a redirect.-LtNOWIS 23:54, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, there's only 6, as I wouldn't count the transwiki log. Four of these are disambiguative in nature: fag, faggot (slang), fag (disambig), fag (pejorative). That only two obscure pages link here as compared to the hundreds to cigarette, I think, supports the idea that a redirect is unnecessary. --Dmcdevit 00:36, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect. -Sean Curtin 22:21, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Gary, Indiana

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Gary, Indiana. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120913013557/http://www.southshorejournal.org:80/index.php/issues/volume-1-2006/78-journals/vol-1-2006/117-alice-gray-dorothy-buell-and-naomi-svihla-preservationists-of-ogden-dunes to http://www.southshorejournal.org/index.php/issues/volume-1-2006/78-journals/vol-1-2006/117-alice-gray-dorothy-buell-and-naomi-svihla-preservationists-of-ogden-dunes
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160101021140/http://www.southshorejournal.org/index.php/issues/volume-3-2009/83-journals/vol-3-2009/75-the-historical-roots-of-the-nature-conservancy-in-the-northwest-indianachicagoland-region-from-science-to-preservation to http://www.southshorejournal.org/index.php/issues/volume-3-2009/83-journals/vol-3-2009/75-the-historical-roots-of-the-nature-conservancy-in-the-northwest-indianachicagoland-region-from-science-to-preservation
 * Added tag to http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015.html
 * Added tag to http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2013/SUB-EST2013-3.html
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/69hd5KAIE?url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html to http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:25, 8 January 2017 (UTC)

Layout
I've made a couple of small changes to bring the layout closer to WikiProject Cities/US Guideline. If no one objects I will do more of this. Kendall-K1 (talk) 14:03, 12 May 2017 (UTC)

I don't understand your recent moves. I had put libraries in "Arts and culture," which is where WP:USCITIES says it belongs, and put "Medical facilities" at the end of "Infrastructure," which is again what the guideline suggests. If you think yours is a better layout, I won't argue, but it does seem to be taking us farther away from the guideline. Kendall-K1 (talk) 01:52, 5 August 2017 (UTC)

 * Hey, . No comment on the question of today, but as someone who is pretty intimate with the history of this here city, I have a request.  There seems to be entirely too much emphasis on the Jackson's, and that to me seems a violation of WP:RECENT.  Gary has been the home of many, many celebrities, and much more happened there in its relatively short history than its decline.  I unfortunately cannot do much research, but I'll be glad to point you to potential sources.  Drop me a note sometime. John from Idegon (talk) 06:46, 5 August 2017 (UTC)
 * I should give WP:USCITIES a closer read. My apologies.  Magnolia677 (talk) 09:50, 5 August 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on Gary, Indiana. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://www.greenfieldreporter.com/view/story/8b3bf38dd0ea40a7adf94736710264cb/IN--Mayoral-Elections-Gary/
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090101130853/http://www.gary.lib.in.us/hours%26locations.htm to http://www.gary.lib.in.us/hours%26locations.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140903144210/http://www.americanassociationbaseball.com/2013/09/14/railcats-claim-2013-championship/ to http://www.americanassociationbaseball.com/2013/09/14/railcats-claim-2013-championship/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090609070721/http://www.gary.in.us/pressrelease/may/Press%20release%20press%20statement_china.pdf to http://www.gary.in.us/pressrelease/may/Press%20release%20press%20statement_china.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:08, 26 July 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Gary, Indiana. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html
 * Added archive https://www.webcitation.org/69dlM9O8L?url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/18/1827000.html to http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/18/1827000.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 07:59, 11 October 2017 (UTC)

Gary/Hammond Barrier
I am considering writing a section on the Gary/Hammond barrier where 9th ave turns into 165th St. There are many articles from the Chicago Tribune and even one from the New York Times from the late 80s on this topic. Is this appropriate? Jhojnack (talk) 18:30, 2 April 2019 (UTC)
 * That would be hard to say without seeing either the sources or your edit. Suggestion, : BEBOLD! Make your edit with your sources properly formatted. If anyone objects to it, they will revert it. Then you come here per WP:BRD and discuss it civilly until a CONSENSUS is reached. I'll leave some info on your talk page to help. John from Idegon (talk) 19:20, 2 April 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 07:11, 25 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Indiana-StateSeal.svg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 07:32, 30 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Indiana-StateSeal.svg

Western Most Gateway to the Indiana Dunes National Park
Hello all I am Christopher Harris, director of Redevelopment for the City of Gary. There's an editor (Magnolia677) that is making false accusations that the Indiana Dunes National Park is not located in Gary. That is absolutely misinformation to the highest degree, please reference any official National Park Service map or any map for that matter. The mayor and I three weeks ago had a very positive conversation with the Indiana Dunes National Park Rangers who are great partners with the city of Gary to install more trailhead branded signage in Gary reinforcing the park's presence in as the parks western most gateway in Downtown Gary which wraps around the westside Lake Street Beach. As a representative of the City of Gary, I'd like it to be known who I am in this space and have the ability to share Gary's truth... Outside of this recent virtual skirmish, I appreciate how users have incrementally enhanced the quality of Gary's page. I would like to pull together/share detailed graphics regarding Gary's blight to provide readers greater depth of context to the extent of Gary's blighted core which is concentrated in Midtown and acute on Gary's East Side. ElbertHGary (talk) 16:29, 3 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gary, Indiana


text:
Beijing Ducks

The Beijing Shougang Ducks (simplified Chinese: 北京首钢鸭俱乐部篮球队), also known as Beijing Shougang or Beijing Ducks, are a professional basketball team based in Beijing, China, which plays in the North Division of the Chinese Basketball Association. The Shougang Corporation is the club's corporate sponsor while its mascot is a duck.

The team was formerly known as the Beijing Jinyu Ducks or Beijing Jinyu (北京金隅, běijīng jīnyü). The name change was due to a change in corporate sponsorship. This organization should not be confused with the Beijing Olympians, a different club, which was founded in 1955.

For at least part of the 2003–04 CBA season, the Ducks were known as Beijing Wanfeng Aote (北京万丰奥特). Their naming rights were then assumed by the "Beijing Jinyu Group Co., Ltd.", a prominent construction materials conglomerate in China.

History
The Beijing Ducks were initially formed as the Beijing Men's Basketball Team in 1956. In October of that same year, the National Basketball League's season was held in Chongqing. Beijing's club, with only 7 players registered on its roster, won the championship of that NBL edition. The team managed a third-place finish in the same competition when the tournament was held in Hangzhou in 1961.

In 1988, the club was first sponsored by the Shougang Corporation, and was renamed Beijing Shougang. When the duck was confirmed as the team's mascot in 1995, the club participated in the inaugural season of the Chinese Basketball Association as the Beijing Shougang Ducks Basketball Team. In October 1997, the Shougang Corporation moved to once again rebrand the club as the Beijing Shougang Basketball Team, in an ultimately fruitless attempt to give the corporate name greater popular precedence than the mascot.

The club had a formidable frontcourt duo in the early days of CBA competition with Mengke Bateer, who debuted for Beijing at the age of 18, and Shan Tao, who was considered to be one of the top Chinese centers at that time. The two helped the Ducks to a third-place finish in the team's CBA debut season.

During the 2004–05 CBA season, the Ducks finished in second place in the North Division, but lost in the Quarter-Finals of the CBA Playoffs to the South Division's Bayi Rockets. In 2008, the team visited the United States, training at Marquette University and the Milwaukee School of Engineering in Wisconsin, as well as visiting Philadelphia, Madison, Wisconsin, and Eugene, Oregon.

Beijing started the 2011–12 season with a 13-game winning streak, and eventually finished second in the regular season. The club then advanced to its first CBA Finals match-up, thanks largely to the play of former NBA All-Star Stephon Marbury. They won their first CBA title by defeating the Guangdong Southern Tigers 4 games to 1. The Ducks are the first-ever CBA team to earn the title without any previous trips to the CBA Finals, as well as the league's fourth different club to win a championship.

After being eliminated in the Semi-Finals of the 2013 CBA Playoffs, Beijing returned to the Finals at the end of the 2013–14 campaign and won their second trophy. The Ducks then repeated as champions in 2014–15, making it three titles in four years.

Trophies

 * Chinese Basketball Association
 * Champions (3): 2011–12, 2013–14, 2014–15

Notable players
- Set a club record or won an individual award as a professional player. - Played at least one official international match for his senior national team at any time.

 * 🇨🇳 Mengke Bateer (1997–2002, 2005–2006, 2013–2014)
 * 🇨🇳 Zhang Yunsong (1998–2010)
 * 🇺🇸 Chris Herren (2002–2003)
 * 🇳🇬 Olumide Oyedeji (2004)
 * 🇨🇳 Ji Zhe (2007–2018)
 * 🇺🇸 David Harrison (2008–2009)
 * 🇺🇸 Dontae' Jones (2008–2009)
 * 🇨🇳 Fang Shuo (2008–present)
 * 🇺🇸 Cedric Bozeman (2009–2010)
 * 🇨🇳 Sun Mingming (2009–2014)
 * 🇺🇸 Ernest Brown (2010)
 * 🇺🇸 Steve Francis (2010)
 * 🇺🇸 Joe Crawford (2010–2011)
 * Lee Hsueh-lin (2010–2014)
 * 🇺🇸 Randolph Morris (2010–2018)
 * 🇺🇸 Stephon Marbury (2011–2017)
 * 🇨🇳 Sun Yue (2013–2017)
 * 🇨🇳 Zhai Xiaochuan (2011–present)
 * 🇨🇳 Li Gen (2012–2015)
 * 🇺🇸 Damien Wilkins (2013–2014)
 * 🇨🇳 Zhang Qingpeng (2014–2017)
 * 🇺🇸 Grant Jerrett (2016–2017)
 * 🇺🇸 Aaron Jackson (2017–2019)
 * 🇭🇷 Justin Hamilton (2017–present)
 * 🇺🇸 Marcus Thornton (2018)
 * 🇺🇸 Jeremy Lin (2019–2022)
 * 🇳🇬 Ekpe Udoh (2019–2020)
 * 🇺🇸 Jordan McRae (2020–2021)
 * 🇺🇸 Jonathan Gibson (2020–present)
 * 🇺🇸 Nick Johnson

Head coaches

 * Yannis Christopoulos: (2017–2020, 2021–2022)
 * Charis Markopoulos: (2017–2022)

title: Beijing Ducks


text:
Symmetrical Defense

The Symmetrical Defense (or Austrian Defense) is a chess opening that begins with the moves:
 * 1. d4 d5
 * 2. c4 c5

First described in print by Alessandro Salvio in 1604, the opening is often called the Austrian Defense because it was studied by Austrian chess players including Hans Haberditz (c. 1901–57), Hans Müller (1896–1971), and GM Ernst Grünfeld. The Symmetrical Defense is an uncommon variation of the Queen's Gambit Declined. It poses the purest test of Queen's Gambit theory—whether Black can equalize by simply copying White's moves. Most opening theoreticians believe that White should gain the advantage and at best Black is playing for a draw.

Grandmaster Hikaru Nakamura employed the unusual opening a few times in 2023 and 2024. With the opening, he drew former world champion Magnus Carlsen in the Champions Chess Tour 2023 finals and beat reining world champion Ding Liren in Norway Chess 2024. He employed a similar opening in the Candidates Tournament 2024, beating R Praggnanandhaa with the black pieces in a game beginning with 1.d4 d5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.c4 c5.

3.cxd5
White often replies 3.cxd5, but other moves are playable and may lead to transpositions into more well-known variations such as the Queen's Gambit Accepted and the Tarrasch Defense. After 3.cxd5 it is not advisable for Black to play 3...Qxd5, because either 4.Nf3 cxd4 5.Nc3 Qa5 6.Nxd4 or 5...Qd8 6.Qxd4 Qxd4 7.Nxd4 give White a big lead in development. Instead, Black should play 3...Nf6 intending to recapture on d5 with his knight. White should be able to maintain the advantage with either 4.Nf3 or 4.e4. Possible continuations are 4.Nf3 cxd4 5.Nxd4 Nxd5 6.e4 Nc7 or 4.e4 Nxe4 5.dxc5 Nxc5 6.Nc3 e6.

title: Symmetrical Defense


text:
Talk:The Dark Tower (series)

Intertextual Refs - Sources Needed
Intertextual References was tagged for lacking sourcing since mid-2009. In that time no sources were added, and it's unclear how much of this might be original research. While direct and explicit refs might be appropriate to include without sourcing, it seems unlikely that that applies to the entire list, and I believe there may be a fair amount of cruft (or even outright inaccuracies) here. Please feel free to readd with appropriate sourcing or where the reference is made explicit...though at that point there should be context provided, not just a list of items.

{{Collapse|1=Intertextual references As with most of Stephen King's novels many elements of real life popular culture are mentioned in each of the Dark Tower novels including other books, poetry, songs, and movies. These works may be mentioned in passing or often as important plot devices.

Included here is a list of such references. All works mentioned below occur within the books' narrative and do not include any mention in the foreword or afterword of the books:

Books

 * Shardik by Richard Adams (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands and The Dark Tower VI: Song of Susannah)
 * The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest by Ken Kesey (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * The Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carrol (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * The Bridge of San Luis Rey by Thornton Wilder (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * The Stand by Stephen King (The Dark Tower IV: Wizard and Glass)
 * The Plague by Albert Camus (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * The Complete Poetical Works of Robert Browning by Robert Browning (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands and The Dark Tower IV: Wizard and Glass)
 * Lord of the Flies by William Golding (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * Catch-22 by Joseph Heller (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * You Can't Go Home Again by Thomas Wolfe (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 *  ' Salem's Lot by Stephen King (The Dark Tower V: Wolves of the Calla and The Dark Tower VI: Song of Susannah)
 * The Harry Potter Series by J.K. Rowling (The Dark Tower V: Wolves of Calla)
 * Watership Down by Richard Adams (The Dark Tower VI: Song of Susannah and The Dark Tower III:The Waste Lands)
 * The Door into Summer by Robert A. Heinlein (The Dark Tower V: Wolves of the Calla)
 * Carrie by Stephen King (The Dark Tower VI: Song of Susannah)
 * The Shining by Stephen King (The Dark Tower VI: Song of Susannah and The Dark Tower II:The Drawing of the Three)
 * Peace Like a River by Leif Enger (The Dark Tower VI: Song of Susannah)
 * Insomnia by Stephen King (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)
 * The Collector by John Fowles (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)
 * The Magus by John Fowles (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)
 * It by Stephen King (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)
 * Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel by Virginia Lee Burton (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)

Poetry

 * The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel T. Coleridge (The Dark Tower II: The Drawing Of The Three)
 * Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came by Robert Browning (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * The Black Riders and Other Lines by Stephen Crane (The Dark Tower V: Wolves of the Calla)

Movies

 * The Shining (The Dark Tower II: The Drawing of the Three)
 * Halloween (The Dark Tower II: The Drawing of the Three)
 * The Terminator (The Dark Tower II: The Drawing of the Three)
 * The Last Starfighter (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * The Dark Crystal (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * Journey to the Center of the Earth (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * War of the Zombies (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * Hud (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * RoboCop (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * Wizard of Oz (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands and The Dark Tower IV: Wizard and Glass)
 * Seven Samurai (The Dark Tower VI: Song of Susannah)
 * The Magnificent Seven (The Dark Tower VI: Song of Susannah)
 * Flash Gordon (Serials) (The Dark Tower VI: Song of Susannah)
 * Phantasm (The Dark Tower V: Wolves of Calla)
 * Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (The Dark Tower V: Wolves of Calla and The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)
 * Rebel Without a Cause (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)
 * Blood Work (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)
 * Child's Play (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)
 * Cujo (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)
 * Westworld (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)
 * The Lost Continent (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)
 * Stalag 17 (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)
 * Forbidden Planet (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)

Songs

 * "Calling Dr. Love" by KISS (The Dark Tower I: The Gunslinger)
 * "Hey Jude" by the Beatles (The Dark Tower I: The Gunslinger, et al.)
 * "Shall We Gather At The River?" by Robert Lowry (The Dark Tower I: The Gunslinger)
 * "Ease on Down the Road" by Charlie Smalls (The Dark Tower I: The Gunslinger)
 * "Oxford Town" by Bob Dylan (The Dark Tower II: The Drawing of the Three)
 * "America" by Simon & Garfunkel (The Dark Tower II: The Drawing of the Three)
 * "Velcro Fly" by ZZ Top (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * "Paint It Black" by The Rolling Stones (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * "Careless Love" by Odetta Holmes (The Dark Tower IV: Wizard and Glass)
 * "Someone Saved My Life Tonight" by Elton John (The Dark Tower V: Wolves of the Calla)
 * "19th Nervous Breakdown" by The Rolling Stones (The Dark Tower V: Wolves of the Calla)
 * "Man of Constant Sorrow", traditional (The Dark Tower VI: Song of Susannah)
 * "Honky Tonk Woman” by The Rolling Stones (The Dark Tower V: Wolves of the Calla)
 * "Hang on Sloopy" by The McCoys (The Dark Tower VI: Song of Susannah)
 * "Stuck Inside of Mobile With the Memphis Blues Again” by Bob Dylan (The Dark Tower VI: Song of Susannah)
 * "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" by The Tokens (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)
 * "Hurt" by Nine Inch Nails (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)
 * "Bad Company" by Bad Company (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)
 * "What Child Is This?" (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)
 * "She Loves You" by the Beatles (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)
 * "Drive My Car" by the Beatles (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)
 * "Born to Run" by Bruce Springsteen (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)

Other

 * "Hand in Glove", a short story by Robert Aickman (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * Maverick, the television series (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)
 * Christina's World, the painting by Andrew Wyeth (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower)
 * "The Lottery", the short story by Shirley Jackson (The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands)
 * "William Wilson", a short story by Edgar Allan Poe (The Dark Tower II: The Drawing of the Three)
 * 2=Unsourced and possible OR}}

Discordia game currently not usable
I tried to play the Discordia online game. First I was able to register and watched the introduction. Later I tried to log on again, and that was not possible. A query to the webmaster at stephenking.com resulted in this reply:

"Discordia account creation and login are not currently working. The game is currently being rewritten for the modern web, and a new version should be out in the next month or so."

Is that worth noting in the tiny section about Discordia? And if so how - a private email is not exactly a good source. RenniePet (talk) 04:53, 4 February 2017 (UTC)
 * Find a reliable source that's mentioned it? DonIago (talk) 21:09, 14 February 2017 (UTC)

Film adaptation mention in the introduction seems mistaken
The introduction states: "A film based on The Gunslinger and also serving as a sequel to the events of The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower due to the nature of said book's ending was released in August 2017." However, there is no evidence in the link provided or in the movie itself that it is a sequel for the novels. Has anybody seen this stated anywhere or is it just bogus?

77.254.100.234 (talk) 23:46, 6 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Here you go. DonIago (talk) 00:37, 7 September 2017 (UTC)

Shouldn't this be marked as a spoiler? The article linked itself is a spoiler clearly marked in the middle (even if the title of the article is also a spoiler). I think it's unnecessary to provide such detail to mention this book is the "next iteration" of Roland. Should be only mentioned as sequel or even canon to the series. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.113.115.2 (talk) 20:38, 3 October 2018 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on The Dark Tower (series). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20121209211842/https://secure.grantbooks.com/z-sk-dt-twttk.html to https://secure.grantbooks.com/z-sk-dt-twttk.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20161222121831/http://www.mtv.com/news/2440221/dark-tower-hbo-brian-grazer// to http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2011/10/25/dark-tower-hbo-brian-grazer/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:51, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

Unsourced information
Below information had been tagged for needing sourcing since 2018. Feel free to reinsert with appropriate references. DonIago (talk) 18:45, 11 June 2019 (UTC)

English
Setting 197.229.142.111 (talk) 18:10, 7 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Dark Tower (series)


text:
Xinjiang Flying Tigers

The Xinjiang Flying Tigers is a professional basketball team based in Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China. The team play its home games at the Urumqi Olympic Sports Center, which has a capacity for 12,000 spectators. The club joined the Chinese Basketball Association Division 2 in the 1999–2000 CBA season, advanced to Division 1A in the 2002–03 season, and had three consecutive Grand Finals appearances in the 2008–09, 2009–10 and 2010–11 seasons. The Flying Tigers won their first Championship in the 2016–17 CBA season, defeating Guangdong Southern Tigers 4–0 in the finals.

History
The Xinjiang Flying Tigers joined the Chinese Basketball Association's Division 2 ahead of the 1999–2000 CBA season, as the first step in the league's plans to expand into the country's western interior. The Flying Tigers won their Division 2 season undefeated and advanced to the Division 1B. Two years later, the Flying Tigers won the 2001–02 season of Division 1B and advanced to Division 1A.

In their first Division 1A season, the Flying Tigers managed to advance to the playoffs, but lost to Beijing Ducks in a 3–1 quarter-final series. After this season, they qualified for the playoffs for another three consecutive seasons, but was never able to advance beyond the first round. In the 2007–08 season, the Flying Tigers signed the former NBA player Mengke Bateer, who brought the team to the second place in regular season. However, a Flying Tigers player, Sou Song Cun, also known as Guan Xiuchang, was found to have a foreign nationality but registered as a domestic player. The league punished the Flying Tigers by treating every game that Sou Song Cun played as a loss for the Flying Tigers. As a result, the Flying Tigers dropped to eleventh place, and missed the playoffs.

After the disappointing season, head coach Jiang Xingquan promoted several young players from the youth team to the first team, including Shirelijan Muxtar and Kyranbek Makhan, who would go on to become the most iconic players of the franchise. Together with Bateer and Jiang, they created the first golden era of the Xinjiang Flying Tigers. Bateer became the first player to win three consecutive CBA MVPs, and the team made it to three consecutive CBA Grand Finals. However, in each of the Grand Finals series, Xinjiang lost to the Guangdong Southern Tigers.

The Flying Tigers started its rebuild in the 2012–13 season. They reached the Grand Finals the next season with a relatively low-key roster, despite losing to Beijing Ducks 4–2. Before the 2014–15 season, Xinjiang signed Zhou Qi to build a team around him. Surrounding Zhou Qi, the Flying Tigers signed former NBA stars Andray Blatche and Jordan Crawford. However, Crawford left the team after a few games into the season for medical reasons and refused to return. Losing a key piece of the championship contending roster, the team struggled to find a replacement through the season and ended the season in ninth place, missing the playoffs. The next season, Xinjiang signed championship coach Li Qiuping and all-star forward Li Gen and lost to Sichuan Blue Whales 3–0 in the semi-finals.

In the 2016–17 season, the Flying Tigers signed Bulgarian guard Darius Adams. The star-filled roster of Andray Blatche, Darius Adams, Zhou Qi, Li Gen, Shirelijan Muxtar, and Kyranbek Makhan triumphed through the season, finishing in first place in the regular season. In the playoffs, Xinjiang defeated Shandong Kingston Lions 3–0 in the quarter-finals and Liaoning Flying Leopards 4–1 in the semi-finals. In the Grand Finals, the Flying Tigers defeated their long-time rival Guangdong Southern Tigers in a dominating 4–0 series to win the first ever championship in the franchise's history. Darius Adams won the FMVP award.

After winning the championship, Zhou Qi went to the NBA and joined the Houston Rockets. Losing the all-star center, Xinjiang finished the season with a 3–1 loss to Guangdong Southern Tigers in the quarter-finals. The next season, the team changed the head coach mid-season, signing another championship coach, the Xinjiang native Adiljan Suleyman. The team also changed the foreign players four times during the season, trying Al Jefferson, Nick Minnerath, Hamed Haddadi, and Darius Adams, and finally settled with Jarnell Stokes and Kay Felder at the start of the playoffs. The team reached the Grand Finals, where they lost to Guangdong Southern Tigers 4–0.

In March 2023, the Xinjiang Flying Tigers withdrew from the CBA in protest against a penalty that would have banned the club from signing new players for one year, following contract disputes between the club and Zhou Qi. However, the decision was overturned two weeks later and the club returned back to the league.

Continental competitions

 * FIBA Asia Champions Cup
 * Champions: 2016
 * Runners-up: 2017

Domestic competitions

 * Chinese Basketball Association
 * Playoffs champions: 2016–17
 * Playoffs runners-up (6): 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2013–14, 2018–19, 2023–24
 * Regular season champions (2): 2010–11, 2016–17
 * Regular season runners-up (7): 2005–06 (North), 2008–09, 2009–10, 2013–14, 2015–16, 2019–20, 2023–24

 * Notes

title: Xinjiang Flying Tigers


text:
Embassy of France, Washington, D.C.

The Embassy of France in Washington, D.C., is the French diplomatic mission to the United States.

It is located at 4101 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, D.C., just north of Georgetown University. The embassy opened in 1984. With some 400 staffers, it is France's largest foreign embassy. The embassy represents the interests of France and French citizens in the United States and conducts the majority of diplomatic work on such interests within the U.S.

Structure
The embassy is headed by the French Ambassador to the United States, currently Laurent Bili. In addition to the standard diplomatic facilities, the compound includes La Maison Française, a cultural facility consisting of an auditorium, ballroom, and exhibition hall. Like many embassies, it regularly hosts events for the general public including concerts (e.g. baroque, classical, jazz, contemporary, pop and alternative music), films, dance, exhibitions, lectures and theatre.

Services
The embassy operates several services and offices, responsible for different areas of policy and for liaising with relevant American bodies. The most notable of the services are listed below.

Chancery
The Chancery is the main diplomatic and political body. It is responsible for coordination with the American government on matters that affect France, particularly foreign policy. However, diplomacy is primarily conducted by the ambassador, leaving the chancery to liaise with the French government and coordinate with the Press Service in matters of public policy. The diplomats of the chancery take responsibility for a specific policy area and may stand in for the ambassador in his absence. The Chancery has attachés based in each of the ten regional consulates.

Press and Communications Office
The Press Service is responsible for the publication of the embassy's newsletter and magazine, as well as coordinating press releases and conferences, including the provision of designated spokesmen. The office also monitors American press coverage on issues pertaining to France and reports back to the ambassador and to Paris.

The Offices of the Defence and Armament Attachés
These offices promote cooperation between the two countries on military and defense matters. The primary responsibility of the former is to facilitate liaison between the two government departments and the two nations' militaries, while latter oversees cooperation on matters of armaments and has responsibility for arms spending in the US as well as working with the US to develop new military technology. Both offices have a role to play in keeping the ambassador abreast of current defence issues and advising the Pentagon on French defence policy.

The Cultural Service
The Cultural Services of the embassy is located at 972 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, New York City. Its responsibility is to facilitate "cultural exchange" between the two nations, a role that can be creative, informative or merely administrative. The duties of the service include promoting French creative works in cultural and academic institutions from across France, with the help of the attachés in regional consulates.

The Office of Science and Technology
The Office of Science and Technology (OS&T) is tasked with:
 * promoting French science and technology with US actors, and with science expats, by organizing events and publishing local or topical newsletters;
 * outreach activities to US academia and federal research bodies, with other European science advisors, and through an active presence in the Science Diplomats Club through "Science Breakfasts" organized since 2005, chairing the Club since 2010;
 * watching and reporting on scientific breakthroughs, investments and innovations in key fields, by networking with academia, R&D agencies, non-governmental organizations, Congress, think tanks, etc.;
 * building and sustaining scientific partnerships by organizing expert visits, seminars, and promoting annual calls of the French-US joint endowments and funds;
 * fostering doctoral mobility of students and researchers, in particular with its flagship Chateaubriand program (see below).

OS&T is an active, reactive and proactive observer of scientific activity, technological innovations and their impact on the US society and beyond. OS&T is headquartered at the Washington, D.C. embassy and has teams at the French consulates of Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, and San Francisco. OS&T collaborates with French research agencies, universities, engineering schools, and competitiveness clusters.

Chateaubriand Program
The Chateaubriand Fellowship Program, run by the Embassy of France, offers scholarships for US students to study in France. Founded in 1981, the fellowship has provided semester- and year-long support to over 750 students in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and technology. The acceptance rate for the fellowship is between 6 and 8 percent annually.

The program, which aims to promote French-US cooperation, is run by the Office for Science & Technology and the Cultural Services division.

The Office for Economic and Commercial Affairs
This is the office primarily concerned with maintaining and developing new trade links between the countries. For example, it assists French businesses trying to establish themselves in the US and vice versa. It also helps large and small French businesses which have long since established themselves in the American market, providing support and advice on economic and trade policies, both within the US and in France.

The French Treasury Office
This office represents the French Treasury in the United States and Canada. It works in close partnership with the Federal Reserve, the Department of the Treasury and French and American financial institutions. Its role is to develop French economic policy in conjunction with the aforementioned bodies and to explain the policies to the United States. It has two offices, one in the embassy and a second in New York, from where it can work with Wall Street in order to better develop monetary policy.

Controversy
In 2006, an employee of the Cultural Service of the French Embassy was fired for the motive of being pregnant and Muslim, a judge ruled. "This may be the only time a U.S. court has extended the reach of the civil rights laws to extend to a foreign citizen, working for a foreign government on foreign soil at an embassy here in D.C." said Ari Wilkenfeld for NBC Washington.

Ambassador's residence
The French ambassador's residence at 2221 Kalorama Road NW is a 1910 Tudor Revival building in Washington's Kalorama neighborhood. Designed by the French-born American architect Jules Henri de Sibour for businessman William Watson Lawrence, the home was purchased by the French government in 1936. In February 2015, the home reopened after undergoing a $4.5 million renovation. The home features art, mostly by French artists such as Pierre Bonnard, but also by non-French artists such as Igor Mitoraj. The property at one point encompassed 3.6 acres, but in 2017 the French government put an empty tract of 0.58 acres of the property up for sale.

Consulates
The ambassador is also ultimately responsible for the 10 regional consulates:
 * 1) Consulate General of France in Atlanta, responsible for Alabama, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, and Tennessee
 * 2) Consulate General of France in Boston, responsible for Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont
 * 3) Consulate General of France in Chicago responsible for Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Ohio, Wisconsin.
 * 4) Consulate General of France in Houston, responsible for Texas, Oklahoma and Arkansas
 * 5) Consulate General of France in Los Angeles, responsible for Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Southern California, and Southern Nevada
 * 6) Consulate General of France in Miami, responsible for Florida, Puerto Rico, the Bahamas, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, and Turks and Caicos Islands
 * 7) Consulate General of France in New Orleans, responsible for Louisiana
 * 8) Consulate General of France in New York, responsible for New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Bermuda
 * 9) Consulate General of France in San Francisco, responsible for Northern California, Northern Nevada, Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, and Guam.
 * 10) Consulate General of France in Washington, responsible for the District of Columbia and states of Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Delaware and Pennsylvania.

title: Embassy of France, Washington, D.C.


text:
Category:Genetically modified organisms

A genetically modified organism is an organism whose genetic material has been deliberately altered using genetic engineering.

title: Category:Genetically modified organisms


text:
Defense Security Cooperation Agency

The Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) is an agency within the United States Department of Defense (DoD) which provides financial and technical assistance, transfer of defense materiel, training and services to allies, and promotes military-to-military contacts.

Security Cooperation (SC) is founded on a tradition of cooperation between the United States and other sovereign nations with similar values and interests in order to meet common defense goals. It consists of a group of programs authorized by the U.S. Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, and the Arms Export Control Act of 1976, as amended, and related statutes by which the DoD or commercial contractors provide defense articles and services in furtherance of national policies and objectives.

History
Founded in 1971, the Defense Security Assistance Agency was renamed the Defense Security Cooperation Agency effective October 1, 1998.

Foreign military sales (FMS)
Foreign military sales (FMS) and International Military Education and Training (IMET) are two key programs included within Security Cooperation. IMET is conducted solely on a grant basis. FMS can be conducted through direct payments of foreign states or United States Foreign Military Financing (FMF). Foreign Military Sales division is the core activity of DSCA, and yearly sales are between US$30-50 billion. In fiscal year 2020, US corporations sold $50.8 billion through FMS, and $124.3 billion through direct commercial sales.

FMS is a U.S. government to foreign government agreement, and DSCA acts as agent for procurement mostly for American defense company and aerospace companies or for DoD stocks. On any given day, DSCA is managing “14,000 open foreign military sales cases with 185 countries,” the DSCA director Lt. Gen. Charles Hooper explained at the Brookings Institution in June 2019.

FMS is managed and operated by DoD on a no-profit and no-loss basis. Countries participating in the program pay for defense articles and services at prices which recoup costs incurred by the United States. This includes a fee to cover the cost of administering the program.

Regional centers
DSCA has five regional centers. They are:
 * Africa Center for Strategic Studies
 * Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies
 * George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies
 * William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies
 * Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies.

title: Defense Security Cooperation Agency


text: Template:Rizal

title: Template:Rizal


text:
Category talk:Genetically modified organisms

Moving Genetically Modified Organism to Artificial Mutant
Would this list include mutants like the X-Men? ;) MicahMN | Talk 05:17, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Fiction about mutants is abundant. That is half the reason why it is a strong word. In short, the answer is no. Facts are in fiction. Fiction is in facts. Hopefully, not on wikipedia. Hopefully, anybody determined to ignore fiction and learn facts on wikipedia won't hav any trouble. 68.148.103.90 (talk) 21:31, 10 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Doesn't the discussion on GMO vs Mutant belong on the article discussion page, and not in the category itself? I would think this is rather unhelpful. Settlet (talk) 23:16, 10 August 2010 (UTC)

 * I do not see the "not in the category itself" point. It can go into both. Nothing is wrong with having it here. No reason is why the category can't be more advanced than the article. 68.148.103.90 (talk) 21:02, 17 August 2010 (UTC)


text:
The Alliance School

The Alliance School is a public high school located in the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It serves the needs of students in grades 9–12.

Description
Alliance is a teacher-led school, headed by Lead Teacher and co-founder Tina Owen. The enrollment for the 2009–2010 school year is approximately 175. Founded in 2005 the school was located on Galena Street but moved to Walnut Street for the 2009–2010 school year to an older building which has housed a number of other Milwaukee Public School projects over the decades. It operates on a year-round school calendar, unlike most Milwaukee Public Schools. While Alliance is a charter school, employees are members of the appropriate MPS unions.

Alliance has numerous outreach programs for students, such as an "Art and Social Justice" program headed up by Alliance's dedicated art teacher.

Recognition
Along with New York City's Harvey Milk School, Alliance was cited as a role model for the proposed Social Justice High School-Pride Campus in Chicago, Illinois.

In November 2009, it was awarded the Silver Award (2nd place) as "High Achievement Charter School of the Year" by the Wisconsin Charter Schools Association. In 2011, it received the WCSA's Platinum Award ("Charter School of the Year") as "most accountable, autonomous, innovative and involved charter school".

Expansion to middle school
In December 2008, a subcommittee of the Milwaukee Board of School Directors unanimously approved the expansion of Alliance' mission from a high school, to include middle school students as early as 6th grade, making Alliance the United States' first known gay-safe middle school for the coming academic year. Lead Teacher Tina Owen emphasized that Alliance would continue to provide a safe haven for all students suffering harassment, not just gay ones. The creation and expansion of Alliance have been uncontroversial in Milwaukee, Owen observed, compared to reactions in New York and Chicago.

Contract extension
A district charter school review team recommended a nonrenewal of the school's contract after the 2009–2010 year because of the school's failure to meet some academic targets spelled out in its agreement with the district, and its failure to comply with some minor paperwork issues. Meanwhile, MPS Superintendent William Andrekopoulos recommended that the board extend Alliance's contract for another year.

On March 9, 2010, the school received a two-year contract extension to improve its academics in a 5–0 vote. The board also agreed that an alternate means of assessment was needed to evaluate the value added the school brings to the district.

Press coverage
An October 2011 report on the ABC News television program 20/20, titled "Milwaukee Public Middle School a Haven for Gay Youth", concentrated on Alliance's unique role as the only known public middle school where out-of-the-closet students are not subject to harassment and pressure due to their sexuality, contrasting Alliance's open atmosphere to the persecution which drove young teens such as Jamey Rodemeyer to suicide. A report later that same month in Time magazine as part of their "What You Need to Know About Bullying" series focused on Alliance' role as a haven for students (not necessarily GLBTQ) who have been bullied at other schools. (A similar emphasis had appeared in a 2010 report in People magazine. ) The Time article echoed the arguments against a separate school for children subjected to bullying, yet pointed out that lead teacher Tina Owen still "fields calls nearly every day from parents and administrators... about students who would like to transfer to Alliance", and mentioned that Alliance's charter "is likely to be renewed in the spring [of 2012] without much of a fight".

A 2014 Huffington Post slide show article named Alliance as one of ten of "The Most Interesting High Schools in America".

title: The Alliance School


text:
Talk:Justin Rigali

Image
I just added a head shot of Cardinal Rigali from the Philly Archdiocese's website. I couldn't find a better shot of him as Cardinal. The other photos I found were from his Cardinaling ceremony (whatever the correct term for this is) and you couldn't see his face, and photo's from when he was in St. Louis (and not yet a Cardinal). If anyone (from Philly, perhaps) can find something better, please upload it. Kenj0418 05:17, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)

I'll see what I can dig up. If anyone gets anxious for another pic and I haven't delivered yet, feel free to bark at me. JohnAlbertRigali 11:57, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)

Am I dreaming, or did someone replace the pic? I think that the current pic is very nice and should stay in place. JohnAlbertRigali 05:03, August 12, 2005 (UTC)

Scout
Does anyone have information about his tenure as a cub Scout in Los Angeles? —Preceding unsigned comment added by MikeNM (talk • contribs) 20:11, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

I've never heard mention among my family members of him — or any of his brothers — having been a Cub Scout. He used to be listed in List of Scouts, but he and many others were moved to Talk:List of Scouts/unreferenced. The version of the list that contains him has been fully or partially duplicated in several other web pages:

 * ScoutWiki's List of notable Scouts
 * Scouts Australia's Famous Scouts - Other Countries (excl UK)
 * DAVID ICKE . COM's Cobain murdered by CIA conversation thread
 * El Wiki de La Roca del Consejo's Personalidades de Estados Unidos
 * NationMaster.com's List of notable Scouts

-JohnAlbertRigali (talk) 20:44, 17 November 2009 (UTC)

Women's "Ordination"
I think that the section on his condemnation of the "ordination" of two "woman-priests" is misleading in that it claims that the women were ordained. While they went through the ordination rites, Catholic teaching says that women cannot be ordained... not just that it is impermissible to ordain women, but that even if you try, God does not bestow the priesthood on women so no ordination can occur. — Preceding unsigned comment added by MikeNM (talk • contribs) 15:11, 16 November 2009
 * I tweaked the wording accordingly, still presenting his view without having the article endorse it. Baccyak4H (Yak!) 16:23, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

Sex abuse paragraph
Most of the following paragraph on the clerical sexual abuse scandal is a copy-and-pasted directly from its source: "In September 2005 and again in early 2011, particularly, Cardinal Rigali became embroiled in the recurring accusations of pedophilia and sex with minors amongst the archdiocese clergy. In March 2011, he announced the suspension of 21 priests who were accused of sexual abuse who had been left in ministry. The suspensions were the most sweeping in the history of the sexual-abuse scandal in the Roman Catholic Church in the United States. The archdiocese's action followed a grand jury report that accused the archdiocese of a widespread cover-up of predatory priests, stretching over decades, and said that as many as 37 priests remained active in the ministry despite credible accusations against them. Of those 37 priests, 21 were suspended; three others already had been placed on administrative leave after the grand jury detailed accusations against them. Five others would have been suspended, the church said in a statement, but three are no longer active and two are no longer active in the Philadelphia Archdiocese. The church said that in eight cases, no further investigation was warranted. The announcement was an embarrassment for Cardinal Rigali, who, in response to the grand jury report, had initially said there were no priests in active ministry 'who have an admitted or established allegation of sexual abuse of a minor against them'. (Source: )"

I have therefore tagged it as a copy-paste copyright violation, and this paragraph needs to be rewritten immediately. — AlekJDS talk 22:29, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

 * I have removed the section, which was clearly copy-vio. — AJDS talk 20:59, 19 July 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Justin Francis Rigali. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090430125805/http://www.philly.com:80/philly/news/religion/20090426_Risking_heresy_to_serve_as_priests.html to http://www.philly.com/philly/news/religion/20090426_Risking_heresy_to_serve_as_priests.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 10:41, 9 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Justin Francis Rigali. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://www.archstl.org/archives/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=214&Itemid=265
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120927021000/http://www.zenit.org/article-32869?l=english to http://www.zenit.org/article-32869?l=english
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110723234244/http://archphila.org/press%20releases/pr001822.htm to http://archphila.org/press%20releases/pr001822.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110706023913/http://www.manhattandeclaration.org/the-declaration/read.aspx to http://www.manhattandeclaration.org/the-declaration/read.aspx
 * Added tag to http://www.cny.org/archive/ld/ld2031209.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 22:20, 29 April 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Justin Francis Rigali. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120921020753/http://www.cmswr.org/about/episcopalliaison.html to http://www.cmswr.org/about/episcopalliaison.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110614023117/http://www.archdiocese-phl.org/rigali/biorigali.htm to http://archdiocese-phl.org/rigali/biorigali.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:35, 9 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Justin Rigali


text:
Ascutney, Vermont

Ascutney is an unincorporated village and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Weathersfield, Windsor County, Vermont, United States. It is located in the northeastern section of Weathersfield, in the portion of that town adjacent to Mount Ascutney, after which the village is named. As of the 2010 census, the population of the CDP was 540.

Geography
Ascutney is located at geographical coordinates 43° 24′ 25″ North, 72° 24′ 27″ West (43.407059, -72.407562). The southern flanks of Mount Ascutney rise to the north of the CDP, with its summit in the neighboring towns of Windsor and West Windsor.

U.S. Route 5 runs north–south through Ascutney, intersected by Vermont routes 12 and 131 at the center of the CDP. Interstate 91 forms the western boundary of the CDP and serves Ascutney by Exit 8. From Ascutney, Route 12 crosses the Connecticut River into Claremont, New Hampshire.

title: Ascutney, Vermont


text:
Latex Generation

Latex Generation is a punk rock band formed during the early 1990s in New York. The band's name was inspired by a news report on STDs, the AIDS epidemic, and the threat it could pose to the current generation of teens.

Over the years, Latex Generation has released 2 full-length CDs, three 7-inch records, a number of compilation album contributions, and has toured extensively throughout North America, Europe, and Australia, most notably on the Van's Warped Tour.

title: Latex Generation