text:
LowFER

LowFER (Low-Frequency Experimental Radio) refers to experimental radio communication practiced by hobbyists on frequencies below 300 kHz, a part of the radio spectrum known as low frequency. The practitioners are known as "LowFERs".

Practices
LowFER operation is practiced in the United States and Canada on radio frequencies between 160 kHz and 190 kHz which is sometimes referred to as the 1750-meter band, and in the past as the 1875-meter band. In much of the world, including the U.S., there is an adjacent amateur radio band at 136–138 kHz with a number of U.S. amateur radio operators authorized to transmit on that band (notification and lack of objection from power utilities is required). Radio operators who conduct low-frequency experimental operations on the LowFER band are known as LowFERs (pronounced "loafers"). Many LowFERs are also licensed radio amateurs, although an amateur radio license is not required for LowFER communications in those countries in Region 2, as long as the power is below a nationally prescribed limit, often 1 W.

Equipment
Practical antennas at these frequencies are much shorter than the wavelength, making it difficult to efficiently radiate much useful power. By current U.S. and Canadian regulations, LowFER transmitters may not have antenna and feed line lengths longer than 15 m, or final RF stage input powers that exceeds 1 watt. Telegraphy and digital modes are the most commonly used for communications, but speech transmission via amplitude modulation (AM) or single-sideband modulation (SSB) is also allowed. Even with such short antennas and low transmit power, LowFER stations have been heard at distances approaching 1,000 miles by listeners using sophisticated receiving setups.

LF amateur radio allocation
In Europe, and generally in ITU Region 1, the LowFER frequency range (160–190 kHz) is used for broadcasting and is unavailable for two-way communications use. In the United Kingdom there was an allocation for radio amateurs at 73 kHz between 1998 and 2002. The International Telecommunication Union's 2007 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-07) in Geneva agreed a secondary allocation 135.7–137.8 kHz (the 2200-meter band) to the Amateur Service on 9 November 2007, marking the first time since amateur allocations began that there has been an amateur band below the medium wave broadcast band. Transmitter power is limited to one watt ERP (meaning an inefficient antenna can be fed a higher power).

MedFER
In the U.S., license-free operation is also allowed on the medium frequency band, also known as the AM broadcast band. Similar to LowFER, MedFER is medium-frequency experimental radio. MedFER enthusiasts operate under FCC Part 15 rules using 0.1 W (a tenth of a watt) and a three-meter-long antenna between 510 kHz and 1705 kHz, coinciding with the U.S. AM radio band.

HiFER
HiFER is high-frequency experimental radio operating within a 14 kHz-wide band centered at 13.56 MHz. This frequency range is allocated to industrial, scientific and medical uses as well as low-power communication devices under FCC Part 15 rules, where a small level of radio frequency radiation is allowed without licensing. (See RFID for other uses of this frequency.)

title: LowFER


text: User talk:128.122.128.41

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:128.122.128.41


text:
Rochester railway station

Rochester railway station is on the Chatham Main Line in England, serving the town of Rochester, Kent. It is 33 mi down the line from London Victoria and is situated between Sole Street and Chatham.

The station and most trains that call are operated by Southeastern and Thameslink, including a handful of peak services to and from Bedford operated by the latter.

In December 2015 a new station on Corporation Street opened 500 m to the west of the original station which it replaced. It is now closer to the town centre and its historic buildings.

Original station
The first station opened as part of the East Kent Railway in 1892. It was set back some distance from the High Street to the east of the busy junction at Star Hill, and access to the platforms was via tunnels from the ticket office. The station buildings and platforms were taken out of use in December 2015.

New station
In 2013, Medway Council approved plans submitted by Network Rail to construct a new station for a cost of £26m. On 16 January 2014 Gallagher Ltd cast the reinforced concrete base slab for a new subway for the station with construction continuing into 2015. According to the billboards adjoining the station site, the 900 t concrete subway was to be the first part of the project to be completed; this took place over Easter 2015. Office of Rail Regulation confirmation of the closure of the old station were exhibited at Charing Cross station and elsewhere in October 2015.

The new station was opened for passenger use on 13 December 2015 with its official opening by the Duke of Kent on 24 February 2016.

Layout
Platform 1 serves trains towards Strood, Gravesend, Ebbsfleet International, Dartford, Meopham, Bromley South into London.

Platform 2 serves trains towards Gillingham, Faversham, Margate, Ramsgate, Canterbury East, Dover Priory, and Ashford International via Sandwich and Deal.

Platform 3 has now opened up at a through platform, service trains towards Gillingham, Faversham, Ashford International and the Kent Coast. Trains can also terminate here before heading back towards London. As the through line runs all the way through Platform 4 of the old Rochester station, it can be used to hold long freight services to allow passenger services to pass, removing a bottleneck.

Services
Services at Rochester are operated by Southeastern and Thameslink using, , , and  EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:

 * 2 tph to London St Pancras International
 * 3 tph to London Victoria (2 of these run non-stop from Bromley South and 1 runs via Denmark Hill)
 * 2 tph to Luton via Dartford and Greenwich
 * 1 tph to Gillingham
 * 2 tph to Rainham
 * 1 tph to Faversham
 * 1 tph to Dover Priory via Canterbury East
 * 2 tph to Ramsgate

Additional services, including trains to and from London Charing Cross via Sidcup, and fast trains to and from London Cannon Street call at the station during the peak hours.

title: Rochester railway station


text:
Deerfield Beach High School

Deerfield Beach High School (DBHS) is a public high school in Deerfield Beach, Florida. It is part of the Broward School District and has an enrollment of approximately 2,400.

The school features the IB Middle Years Programme or Pre-IB, which is a prerequisite for the International Baccalaureate program that offers college-level academics to students in 11th and 12th grade. Deerfield has historically been a leader among Broward County schools in terms of the number of students winning the prestigious Silver Knight Awards. The graduation rate for the 2014–2015 academic year stood at 79.0% compared to the 74.5% state average and the 81.0% national average. In that same year, students scored an average of 1590 out of 2400 on the SAT (compared with a national average of 1720) and a 22 out of 36 (compared with a national average of 26) on the ACT. Deerfield Beach High has an FCAT school grade of "A" for the 2014–2015 academic school year.

On Saturday, September 6, 2014, the school's street address officially changed from 910 SW 15th Street to 910 Buck Pride Way This transition occurred with the assistance of the City of Deerfield Beach, members of the Deerfield Beach Community, The Home Depot, Kiwanis, People's Trust Insurance Company, DBHS Student Government, Class of 2015, and DBHS Employees.

The school serves, in addition to much of Deerfield Beach, Hillsboro Beach, Lighthouse Point, and sections of Pompano Beach.

Urban Teacher Academy Program
The Urban Teacher Academy Program (UTAP) is a magnet program aimed at training students to become teachers and community leaders. The minimum program requirements for entry and retention are maintaining a GPA of 2.0 and FCAT test scores of 3 or higher.

Athletics

 * Baseball
 * Basketball
 * Cheerleading
 * Cross Country
 * Flag Football
 * Football
 * Golf
 * Soccer
 * Softball, Varsity
 * Swimming and Diving
 * Tennis
 * Track and Field
 * Volleyball
 * Water Polo
 * Wrestling

Demographics
As of the 2021–22 school year, the total student enrollment was 2,333. The ethnic makeup of the school was 52.9% Black, 10.7% White, 30.3% Hispanic, 2.8% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 2.7% Multiracial, and 0.4% Native American or Native Alaskan.

Notable alumni

 * Kelly Skidmore (1981): Democratic Florida State Representative for Florida's 90th House district (2006–2010), 81st House district (2020–present)
 * Stockar McDougle (1996): American football linebacker in the NFL (2000–2006) selected in the first round of the 2000 NFL Draft; played for the Detroit Lions (2000–2004), Miami Dolphins (2005) and Jacksonville Jaguars (2006)
 * Julius Jenkins (1999): Professional basketball player for Science City Jena of the Basketball Bundesliga
 * Elton Nesbitt (2000): basketball player who has played in the NBA Development League and internationally
 * Alex Jacob (2002): professional poker player
 * Mike Fiers (2003): Major League Baseball pitcher
 * Mickey Storey (2004): Major League Baseball player
 * Jeremy Kellem (2007): Arena Football League player
 * Jason Pierre-Paul (2007): American football defensive end in the NFL; played for the New York Giants (2010–2017), the Tampa Bay Buccaneers (2018–2021), the Baltimore Ravens (2022), the New Orleans Saints (2023) and the Miami Dolphins (2023); first-round 2010 NFL Draft pick; winner of Super Bowl XLVI
 * Denard Robinson (2009): American football running back in the NFL for the Jacksonville Jaguars. Former quarterback for the University of Michigan (2009–2012),
 * Brandon Powell (2014): American football wide receiver in the NFL for the Minnesota Vikings; played for the Detroit Lions (2018), the Atlanta Falcons (2019–2020), the Buffalo Bills (2021), the Miami Dolphins (2021) and the Los Angeles Rams (2021–2022). Former wide receiver for the Florida Gators (2014–2017).
 * Jerry Jeudy (2016): American football wide receiver in the NFL for the Cleveland Browns; played for the Denver Broncos (2020–2023). Former wide receiver for the Alabama Crimson Tide (2017–2019).
 * Riley Ridley (2016): American football wide receiver in the NFL; played for the Chicago Bears (2019–2020). Former wide receiver for the Georgia Bulldogs (2016–2018).
 * Aaron Robinson (2016): American football corner back in the NFL for the New York Giants. Former cornerback for the Alabama Crimson Tide football (2016) and the UCF Knights (2017–2020).
 * Daewood Davis (2017): American football wide receiver in the NFL for the Carolina Panthers; played for the Miami Dolphins (2023) and in the UFL for the Memphis Showboats (2024). Former wide receiver for the Oregon Ducks (2017–2020) and the Western Kentucky Hilltoppers (2021–2022).
 * Brandon Dorlus (2019): American football defensive end in the NFL for the Atlanta Falcons. Former defensive end for the Oregon Ducks (2019–2023).
 * Michael Pratt (2020): American football quarterback in the NFL for the Green Bay Packers. Former quarterback for the Tulane Green Wave (2020–2023).
 * Xavier Restrepo (2020): American football wide receiver for the Miami Hurricanes (2020–present)
 * Ace Hood, rapper.
 * Teri Weigel, pornographic actress.

Notable faculty

 * Allen West, A Republican U.S. Representative for Florida's 22nd congressional district (2011-2013) and lieutenant colonel in the United States Army, taught U.S. history at Deerfield Beach High in the 2004–2005 school year.

title: Deerfield Beach High School


text:
Talk:Judeo-Latin

Judeo-Latin-speaking Jews
Yes, I have to ask this question... was there an ethnic name for Judeo-Latin-speaking Jews?Gringo300 09:15, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Presumably, there was. But we're talking a community that died out 15 centuries ago. (At least, that's my inference, since the article describes them as "later Roman Empire", and the Western Roman Empire fell in 476.) Naturally, there's a lot about them nobody knows. Isaac R 23:09, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Judeo-Italic
Also, wouldn't La'az (Judeo-Latin) be a Judeo-Italic language, rather than a Judeo-Romance language? Latin was an Italic language.Gringo300 09:39, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

ethnonym for Judæo-Latin speakers
In the days when Judæo-Latin was spoken, the communication between Jewish communities had not yet broken down to the extent that the development of regional Jewish communities had had sufficient time to gain distinction as recognizable "ethnicities"—they were simply "Jewish". Tomer TALK 10:33, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)

This raises the question: Are there STILL Jews today who are simply Jewish, as opposed to being members of a specific Jewish ethnic group? Gringo300 14:59, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, as I thought I'd rather clearly told you previously, classifying Jews into this group or that is not exactly a precise science. Calling someone "Ashkenazi" or "Sefardi" is usually fairly safe, although there are a number of people who are both, and as a result, consider themselves to be neither.  There are also a large number of Jews, especially in the US, who regard the distinctions between Ashkenazim and Sefardim (etc.) to be unnecessary or even harmful to klal yisrael, and therefore frown on classifications of any Jewish community...most of whom insist on being called simply "Jews".  Then there is the case of Israel, where much of the population neither knows nor particularly cares into which classification they might happen to fall, who also regard themselves simply as Jews.  Tomer TALK  07:37, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

Status of Judæo-Latin as Judæo-Italic rather than Judæo-Romance
Nothing in the article indicates that Judæo-Latin is a Judæo-Romance language. I have modified the Judæo-Romance languages article to address your legitimate concern. That said, the only place that Judæo-Latin remains classified as Judæo-Romance is in Template:Jewish languages, and I think it's OK to leave it classified there as Judæo-Romance rather than in a special class of its own, given its relationship, potential or otherwise, entirely technically accurate or otherwise, to the Judæo-Romance languages. If you still object, the discussion should be taken up on Template talk:Jewish language Tomer TALK  10:39, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot 14:28, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

Is this supposed to be a scholarly article? There is no such language as "Italkian".
This is a contrived confused garbled fusion of Hebrew and English. Simply say "Judeo-Italian". The Hebrew term "Italkit" is the standard Hebrew word for the Italian language, not for a specific type thereof. "Italkian" is a pure abstraction, jibberish. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.68.95.65 (talk) 20:48, 23 October 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Judeo-Latin


text: User talk:83.130.211.118

title: User talk:83.130.211.118


text:
User talk:Dmrh

Welcome!

Please join us for the next Bootcamp every night at midnight EST (2100 PST, 0500 UTC) to learn the ropes, or leave a message on our talk pages around that time for on-wiki help.

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia, ! I hope you like the place and decide to keep contributing. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * What Wikipedia is not
 * Wikiquette

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question at the village pump or feel free to ask me on my Talk page. One more quick tip: to sign your name on a Talk page like I did below, the easiest way is just to type four tildes (~~~~). To customize your signature, look here. And remember:Be Bold!
 * — Asbestos | Talk  09:23, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dmrh


text:
Black Pope (disambiguation)

Black Pope is the nickname of the Superior General of the Society of Jesus.

Black Pope or The Black Pope may also refer to:
 * Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013), Italian politician and prime minister of Italy nicknamed "The Black Pope"
 * Anton LaVey (1930–1997), American author, musician, occultist, and founder of the Church of Satan labeled "The Black Pope"
 * "Papa Nero" (song) or "Black Pope", a song by Pitura Freska
 * Black Pope, a villain in The Order, a 2003 film
 * The Black Pope, a novel by John Maddox Roberts
 * The Black Pope: History of the Jesuits, a book by Margaret Anna Cusack
 * Elijah Burke, American professional wrestler who used "Black Pope" as a nickname

title: Black Pope (disambiguation)


text: Template:JSTOR

title: Template:JSTOR


text:
User talk:Netoholic/Templates

I hope comments are welcome? I like the simplicity of these, although violet/riga's "Strong monochrome" templates are also nice and simple.

Have you used the "definition" format ("; xxx : yyy yyy.") like Cricket terminology?

 * xxx : yyy yyy.

In any event, would it be possible to embolden the headers? ("; xxx : yyy yyy."). I just think it is a bit clearer.

 * xxx : yyy yyy.

Thanks. -- ALoan (Talk) 09:26, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Netoholic/Templates


text: Template:Catholic-Church-stub

title: Template:Catholic-Church-stub


text:
Talk:JSTOR

template:JSTOR
I have created template:JSTOR to put at the end of articles on academic journals. It takes the value "no" which is the number and "name". e.g.

gives Dunc|☺ 09:27, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Image on left or right
Dunharris, instead of an edit war please post your link showing that all images must be on the right side and cant be on the right side. These are guidelines, sometimes esthetically things make sense and look good on the left and are done that way. Stbalbach 15:39, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

The image of the Giant J looks asthetically better on the left because

 * 1) It faces into the page.
 * 2) The J starts the article, in the same fashion large letters are used in print medium to start a book or article, even illuminated manuscripts, which the J is fashioned after.

Dunc has moved it back to the right. He has a history of being obsessive about image locations, in fact he vandalized Wetmans personal page back on April 20th to prove his point on another article over this same issue. Stbalbach 16:46, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

For reference, the Manual of Style suggests but does not require image placement at the right.
 * "Articles with a single picture are encouraged to have that picture at the top of the article, right-aligned, but this is not a hard and fast rule."

In this case, my subjective opinion is that the J logo to the left is more aesthetically pleasing, but of course that's subject to review. As Stbalbach says, it echoes the style of illuminated manuscripts with a leading drop cap; I think it looks classy. --TenOfAllTrades (talk/contrib) 03:57, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

Straw poll: Image Left or Right
This is a straw poll to determine if the "J" image should be on the left side or right side of the page.

 * Example image left
 * Example image right

The image of the Giant J looks asthetically better on the left because:

 * 1) It faces into the page.
 * 2) The J starts the article, in the same fashion large letters are used in print medium to start a book, or article, even illuminated manuscripts, which the J is fashioned after and used for.

For reference, the Manual of Style suggests but does not require image placement at the right.
 * "Articles with a single picture are encouraged to have that picture at the top of the article, right-aligned, but this is not a hard and fast rule."

As User_talk:TenOfAllTrades says above: "As it echoes the style of illuminated manuscripts with a leading drop cap; I think it looks classy."

 * Vote for Left side

 * 1) per nom. Stbalbach 18:16, 10 April 2006 (UTC)
 * 2) left side, definitely -Jmh123 21:54, 10 April 2006 (UTC)
 * 3) left side. Consistency is all very well, but only occasionally. Hornplease 08:22, 12 April 2006 (UTC)
 * 4) Despite running counter to precedent, I think that in this case the left side placement is the better choice. User:Ceyockey ( talk to me ) 23:47, 19 April 2006 (UTC)
 * 5) left side, baby, looks leet Nardman1 15:28, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Vote for Right side

 * 1) While it might look "classy" I favor consistency in article lay out, which makes me side with the right. JoshuaZ 22:06, 10 April 2006 (UTC)
 * 2) I feel similarly.  Guettarda 22:36, 10 April 2006 (UTC)
 * 3) I agree with Joshua and Guettarda.  The right side also looks much more natural to me, but that's probably because I'm used to it being there in Wikipedia articles.  That being said, I'm not sure it will break the bank either way.  Can I vote weak right side?  ;P --Deville (Talk) 11:08, 11 April 2006 (UTC)
 * 4) I'm probably just a creature of habit, but the right-side image layout looks better to me. --MarcoTolo 00:32, 13 April 2006 (UTC)
 * 5) Coming here from the RfC. Right side, definitely. The illuminated-manuscript-look argument of the left-siders sounds good in theory but doesn't work for me on the page. Matching other Wikipedia articles is a good thing. Maybe just because I'm used to it, I'm a right-sider. Herostratus 08:13, 14 April 2006 (UTC)
 * 6) Per Herostratus, with the provisio that I can live with it either way.  Powers 13:43, 14 April 2006 (UTC)
 * 7) This image is not part of the text, it's just JSTOR's logo. It belongs on the right Goplat 00:26, 16 April 2006 (UTC)
 * 8) Definately the right. Orbitalwow 07:40, 19 April 2006 (UTC)
 * 9) From RfC. Right. If there's a dispute, use recommended style. Tyrenius 04:12, 6 May 2006 (UTC)

Deletion of text
Michael Snow, there was some deleted text in the recent edits, and I noticed you said "per request of JSTOR" in the edit notes. Did JSTOR ask that this text be deleted? It was accurate information. --Stbalbach 14:47, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

relation to other articles
Some of us are working on updating the general lists of article and bibliographic databases, each of which will have an article or stub. So we'd like to cooperate with others keeping track.

Could user 128.112.164.182 please email or leave a message on User:DGG. I'd like to get in touch with someone who obviously also knows this well. (and anyone else interested)

I at any rate am not plannning to add individual journals, unles there's a reason--there's 8,000 in WoK and 10 X that outside it, not even counting the extinct ones. Unless there's something special to say, I think the journals' web pages are good enough & easy to find with a web search. I know others here differ, and I wouldn't dream of persuading them, but I only want to do the dbs. DGG 19:51, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

JSTOR stands for?
What does the acronym JSTOR stand for?--Lucy-marie 23:45, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Wow, good question. Journal STORage? I checked the home page and couldn't find anything. Maybe not an abbreviation? -- Stbalbach 15:01, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Indeed Journal Storage (project) according to google and subscriber sites eg here. Edit: er, as the jstor image in the article also has it, I've just noticed.... Hakluyt bean 19:06, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

I thought that the JSTOR acronym did not stand for anything
I think that someone needs to call the faculty of JSTOR to find out if it actually stands for something. A teacher talked about it, and said that she called the faculty, but the faculty said that the acronym was random. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.107.66.13 (talk) 16:59, 25 February 2009 (UTC)

 * I think it was JournalSTORage (or JournalSTORe) -- you cannot get something this appropriate by accident. I'll keep an eye out for a reference. DGG (talk) 23:00, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

"I thought that the JSTOR acronym did not stand for anything"

If it does not stand for anything, it is (by definition) not an acronym. ---Dagme (talk) 19:56, 22 March 2019 (UTC)

Why no physics journals?
What does JSTOR have no physics journals? Michael Hardy 19:53, 10 June 2007 (UTC)

 * That's a really good question, and one to which I cannot find an immediate answer. My impression, based on my experience and on the collection list, is that JSTOR is used more for topics in the social sciences and humanities, with relatively little coverage of the "hard" sciences. Presumably those subjects have their own specialized databases. The reason for not including physics journals in JSTOR is likely historical at this point, since science initially was scarce in the JSTOR database developed with the Mellon grant. The Mellon foundation doesn't seem to do much with science; that's what the NSF is for. That said (and yours an interesting question!), I don't think it merits specific mention in the Wikipedia article. I'm going to remove the line "No physics journals appear in JSTOR"; physics doesn't strike me as something a reader would expect to find in JSTOR, at least not more than, say, chemistry or computer science. Why single out physics? Anyway, my rambling comment is done. -Phoenixrod 04:08, 11 June 2007 (UTC)
 * JSTOR by design does not cover areas where commercially available backfiles are available from publishers, and that presently includes almost all physics journals.When a journal previously available on JStor becomes available from the publisher, the jstor material is removed and the annual fee reduced proportionately. When jstor started, these backfiles wee of course not available, but emphasis was reasonably put on material in high demand that would repay the cost of filming. In general, those libraries that would have bought such backfiles already had the journals. If there is a title that you think needs to be included, suggest it to them, or mention it here and I will. DGG 05:06, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Surely it is important to indicate the coverage of JSTOR. Its research-journal coverage clearly excludes the natural sciences. The introduction should describe what JSTOR is. If its journal coverage is limited to social sciences and humanities, that's an important part of the description of JSTOR. Longitude2 (talk) 18:46, 27 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Find a source discussing this and then we can update the article accordingly. But there's plenty of natural sciences journals in JSTOR, mostly in biology.   Headbomb {t · c · p · b} 20:34, 27 February 2021 (UTC)

Images
By our own Policy on fair use, only one of the two images can reasonably be used.

 * Simple logo
 * Clear cut Fair Use case, but small and of minimal recognizability or use for the users.

 * Large image
 * Need a better template and a proper fair use rationale, also include the logo.

 * Third possibility
 * A screenshot of the page in a Infobox Website template.

Any thoughts? If no answers, I'll go ahead and keep the logo for the third possibility. Circeus 03:00, 26 June 2007 (UTC)
 * The third possibility seems to be reasonable and most informative. Infact, should it not be the third one, per consistency with other wikipedia articles about websites?Bless sins 01:50, 1 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Done. Deleted one of the image, kept the other as the infobox "logo". Circeus 17:42, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

GA review
I have failed this article for a number of reasons, detailed below:
 * 1) The article cites only five inline references, each of which is only used once or twice.
 * 2) The article needs some expansion, as it is only KB approx, much of which is not the actual text (references, images, see also, externals etc)
 * 3) Lead could do with a little bit of expansion.

These problems are minor, and the article is not that far from being resubmitted. I wish you luck in regards to improvements to this article. Any questions should be forwarded to my talk page. Cheers, Anonymous Dissident  Talk 09:26, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I would say "not that far from being a GA candidate."-Susanlesch 09:41, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

I had actually placed this article "under review" and then Anonymous Dissident failed it (I have asked him not to do that in the future). I am putting it on hold. Here are my suggestions for improvement:

 * Could the lead briefly summarize the disciplines covered by JSTOR journals and could the article list them more specifically?
 * Is there a list of the journals covered by JSTOR somewhere that you could link to?
 * Could you add a phrase briefly describing William Bowen since he is an important person in JSTOR's history?
 * The breadth of material in the archive makes it useful in investigating trends in linguistics over time. - Why are you singling this out? The breadth makes a lot of other projects possible as well.
 * You need a source for the Artstor info. - DONE Johnbod 23:19, 4 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Why are you not using Schonfeld's 400-page history of JSTOR? It would seem that such a book would add a lot of detail to your page.

Prose (I have taken the liberty of doing some copy editing myself):
 * JSTOR was conceived by William G. Bowen as a solution to one of the problems faced by libraries, especially research and university libraries, due to the increasing number of academic journals in existence. Most libraries found it prohibitively expensive in terms of cost and space to maintain a comprehensive collection of journals. - awkward; list problem right away; also, "prohitibitively expensive" is the same as cost - was the only problem space?
 * Online access and full-text search ability improved access dramatically. - access to who?
 * JSTOR access was improved based on feedback from these sites. - only the access was improved?
 * In addition to its use as an archive for individual journals, JSTOR has also been used as part of research methodology. - awkward

If you have any questions about this review, let me know. Just drop me a line on my talk page when you want me to re-review the article. Awadewit | talk  22:55, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

I am failing the article, as not all of the above conditions have been met. Awadewit | talk  10:39, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

Access to JSTOR articles
My main critics of JSTOR are: Visarga (talk) 07:43, 3 January 2008 (UTC)
 * It costs 30+ damn $ to read a single article, 10 pages long. that's outright robbery
 * It doesn't give affordable access to individual subscribers. You have to be affiliated. Too bad if you're not with one of the libraries or universities on their list!
 * It just sits there tempting me through Google Scholar and other search engines, and when I get to the article, it's off limits to me. Like showing food to the starving, then telling them they can't have it! Sigh! And often it's only available on JSTOR on the whole internet.
 * Why the furious monetization and institutionalization of access to these papers?
 * They are just "old media" trying to perpetuate their controlling ways into the digital age. It's the age of Internet, Google and Wikipedia for God's sake! Information wants - if not to be free as in beer - at least to be freely accessible. Stop making it so difficult for regular people to see it.
 * any public library in most countries can get a person copies of articles from the journals JSTOR covers, though it can take a week or so. There is usually no charge. DGG (talk) 14:19, 3 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Maybe it works for you, but not for me. There is only one such university here in my country and I would have to become student again. They don't even rent the journals I am interested in. So I would say you can't understand because you've never been in my shoes.Visarga (talk) 21:20, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I still find the difficulty to get into JSTOR without going to a library quite annoying, especially (as in this age of information) if one wants the information NOW (as so many of us have become accustomed to). 66.188.98.222 (talk) 05:37, 21 February 2008 (UTC)
 * This page is for talk about the article, not about the quality or deficiency of JSTOR service. For that, contact JSTOR staff, not Wikipedia volunteers. -- ℜob C. alias ⒶⓁⒶⓇⓄⒷ 19:54, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Check out WP:RESOURCE. If you need an article, send me an email and I'll check to see if I have access -- my library is OK, not great. II  | (t - c) 21:30, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

 * If there is or has been criticism of JSTOR perhaps it should be referenced in the article.Corlyon (talk) 03:15, 3 April 2009 (UTC)
 * My hypothesis is that it cost so much revenue to maintain in store the contract. Kickstart91786 (talk) 18:22, 29 May 2023 (UTC)

I added a section regarding access policy issues experienced by many internet users who don't match any of JSTOR's access offers. I hope that the other editors will let it live, even if not in its original form. It is an important issue regarding access to scientific knowledge for the individual scholars and many users who are lucky enough to get access don't realize it.Visarga (talk)
 * I didn't see this before I removed it. Blogs and facebook are not reliable sources and the rest of it was original research and synthesis. Sorry, but WP can't be a  way of getting the word out about this. --Slp1 (talk) 16:08, 14 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I have redeleted this section after it was restored. If there are any reliable sources about this issue, please produce them. Otherwise it is clearly unverifiable, original research, and as admitted above, a campaign to right a wrong; justified perhaps but not part of WP's mission.--Slp1 (talk) 01:11, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

How does one mention the access rip-off in measured terms in the article? Say I'm researching a polymath like Walter Guinness, 1st Baron Moyne and I'm looking for his obit in Man in 1945. There it is, Vol. 45, (Jan. - Feb., 1945), pp. 20-21; stable url -www.jstor.org/stable/2793014; just 2 pages and they want $20 for it. Yes I can go to the library and download it for free, and generate lots of carbon en route. This restricts "knowledge" to monopolising institutions with increasing levels of jargon. The humble taxpayer is paying to generate knowledge in universities, but when he wants it easily he is being shafted. I much prefer the PLoS system.78.19.217.160 (talk) 11:58, 11 April 2013 (UTC)

Unethical Cookies Jstor promises access to older documents outside of copyright and sent my computer many unwanted cookies. The cookies are sent if you only click on a page and stay for a second. It does not matter if you click yes or no on the Cookie Notice, they will still be sent. This whole site is a money-grubbing rip off scam. Someone should write this up in the main document, but I assume the owners of Jstor are creating and updating their own page and they would delete the Truth from the main page. These cookies will stay on the average user’s computer for a long time because the users are unsophisticated. I will never click on Jstor again and I suggest a complete boycott to everyone. Ty78ejui (talk) 15:35, 21 April 2020 (UTC)

Update for Current Scholarship Program
Article needs updating now that JSTOR has current collections in addition to archive collections. Current Scholarship Program at JSTOR. Nurg (talk) 23:20, 17 January 2011 (UTC)

Involvement in Legal Prosecution and Arrest of Academics on Hacking/Copyright Claims
I think JSTOR deserves mention of their involvement in the arrest and prosecution of Aaron Swartz, a researcher at Harvard, on trumped up hacking charges. Aaron was involved in the creation of RSS and has fought for net-neutrality and free exchange of data online. He is accused of downloading too many articles from JSTOR, even though he is credentialed through his academic affiliation to do so. I can't see how he could have possibly been arrested for that with which he is charged, but I am one who strongly believes in things like free exchange of ideas and information. However, perhaps someone would like to add something, or, if later I add something, edit and review it to make sure it sits comfortable as not having any point of view. Adrade (talk) 15:52, 20 July 2011 (UTC)

http://thepiratebay.org/torrent/6554331/Papers_from_Philosophical_Transactions_of_the_Royal_Society__fro — Preceding unsigned comment added by Slark (talk • contribs) 00:59, 22 July 2011 (UTC)

JSTOR responsibility
These bastards killed Aaron Swartz.

Why wasn't that made clear in this article? Who edited out the information that documented JSTOR's culpability in this tragedy? This is important because this event, in this year 2013, will be a turning point in cyber law and data access. I suspect Wikipedia editor's have financial ties to JSTOR and its supporting institutions and have continually modified the article to remove any mention or citations about the stupidity, greed, and callousness of JSTOR and MIT re the Swartz tragedy.

Who keeps removing the damaging truth? And why? Youth wants to know. 75.62.131.249 (talk) 21:38, 10 August 2013 (UTC)

External links justification for these 4 free access enablers
I've lightly edited External links (correcting one, adding one, annotating both) specifically to help enable all Wikipedia readers to freely access JSTOR citations. I don't feel lightly about these links, though - they are crucial.

This is very important for the many reasons cited in the ""Access to JSTOR articles" Talk section above and particularly timely now that JSTOR is a "partner" of Wikipedia Library, with up to 500 Wikipedians freely enabled to fully access JSTOR, with the expectation that editors will give JSTOR back a little link love, e.g., (after the citation template), a subscription required template of the form:

So this article will get some more hits. If readers click on that subscription template's JSTOR link they should get help immediately in the most obvious place, External links. 1) Home page is a given. 2) Library card holder access and the now stable 3) Register & Read limited free access program are both very important links to have handily visible in this article, as many already have free access and don't know it and others can easily get free access of a sort best specified, as here.  4) Citation locator is a common courtesy, useful for those tracking down a poorly formatted citation to an article claimed to be on JSTOR. Thus, current external links are the four most critical (IMHO):

 * . Searchable database, includes many public libraries offering free access to library card holders.
 * . Free individual registration, offering free read-only access (no printing or saving) to 3 articles every 2 weeks (78 per year).
 * . Free individual registration, offering free read-only access (no printing or saving) to 3 articles every 2 weeks (78 per year).

Paulscrawl (talk) 17:20, 16 July 2014 (UTC)

What is JSTOR stable
What are the MIT stable links/ JSTOR stable? Is there a pledge/fund that ensures they won't delete URLs to papers/online appendixes?

After short research I couldn't clarify this. Diceypoo (talk) 11:27, 26 May 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on JSTOR. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110724043722/http://www.justice.gov/usao/ma/news/2011/July/SwartzAaronPR.html to http://www.justice.gov/usao/ma/news/2011/July/SwartzAaronPR.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:45, 16 April 2017 (UTC)

Proposed text removal
Information to be removed: "Internet activist Aaron Swartz noted that by limiting access to the knowledge produced at public universities and financed by the US government and students, JSTOR was earning billions of US dollars each year to for-profit corporations that did not invest in any of these public works. Instead of benefiting the creators of the knowledge or its sponsors, JSTOR secured multi-billion dollar profits for private publishers, by repackaging their publications in academic databases that university libraries pay thousands of dollars to subscribe to, so that their students can access the content.[22]"

Explanation of issue: Hello, I am employed by JSTOR. We noticed that the information above is incorrect and we would like to clarify it for correction. We are happy to discuss with any of the editors further, and look forward to working together.

The information in the above paragraph does not reflect the information in the cited article, and misrepresents facts. JSTOR is a digital library that provides access to academic journals, ebooks, images, and primary sources. As a not-for-profit, the claim that JSTOR brings about “multi-billion dollar profits” either to itself or to publishers is wrong.

JSTOR licenses its content from the publishers themselves. Our fees go to pay the publishers and to digitize more content, apply metadata and OCR, deliver it on the platform, and preserve it for future users.

Unlike the claim in the entry, the content in JSTOR is not financed by the US government, and any content in JSTOR that was originally open access remains open access. The person who wrote that section of this article in Wikipedia may have confused us with PACER, the repository for federal judicial documents that is mentioned in the citation but has no relation to JSTOR.

We propose removing the text above, as the rest of the section outlines the case.

References supporting change: NY Time article cited in original text: https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/13/technology/aaron-swartz-internet-activist-dies-at-26.html

JSTOR not-for-profit status and earnings: https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/133857105

Themanfromstarwars (talk) 15:17, 10 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Hello . I have removed the content at your request because it was poorly sourced. I do believe the text removed should be kept, but as for now, it's not verifiable. So for now, that part is removed, may come back if good sources come.
 * Also, if you were paid or are being paid to contribute to wikipedia, you are required to disclose who is paying you per the Wikimedia Foundation terms of service.

 * {{replyto}} Can I Log In's (talk) page 21:23, 10 April 2020 (UTC)

citation 6
Citation 6 appears to be broken. --CommieKarlovy (talk) 22:14, 11 July 2020 (UTC)

== 1. Junco, R., Heiberger, G., & Loken, E. (2011). The effect of Twitter on college student engagement and grades. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 27(2), 119-132. 2. Kirschner, P. A., & Karpinski, A. C. (2010). Facebook® and academic performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1237-1245. 3. Pantic, I., Damjanovic, A., Todorovic, J., Topalovic, D., Bojovic-Jovic, D., Ristic, S., & Pantic, S. (2012). Association between online social networking and depression in high school students: Behavioral physiology viewpoint. Psychiatria Danubina, 24(1), 90-93. 4. Rideout, V. J., & Robb, M. B. (2018). Social media, social life: How teens view their digital lives. Common Sense Media, 1-48. 5. Valkenburg, P. M., Peter, J., & Schouten, A. P. (2006). Friend networking sites and their relationship to adolescents' well-being and social self-esteem. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9(5), 584-590. Provide (Link ) ==

Provide link 103.225.138.114 (talk) 06:52, 24 January 2024 (UTC)

The influence of social media on grade 11 HUMSS students
References 103.225.138.114 (talk) 06:53, 24 January 2024 (UTC)

I want the plant 😡😡😡🤬🤬🤬🤬🤬 2600:8800:318C:FA00:102D:79A8:4973:F6B4 (talk) 02:26, 15 February 2024 (UTC)

Examining the positive influence of music listening on study efficiency and academic achievement
data that confirms the existence and seriousness of the problem 2001:4454:74A:2100:F03B:C801:7374:BBCA (talk) 12:41, 21 March 2024 (UTC)

students attitude and behavior in school
students attitude and behavior in school 1uagy2gs8wkwl (talk) 00:40, 18 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:JSTOR


text:
Checkless chess

Checkless chess, also known as prohibition chess, is a chess variant where neither player may give check unless it is checkmate. All other rules are as in regular chess. The origin of the game is unknown, dating from the mid-19th century. The variant is a popular problem theme, usually requiring a fairy mate.

Observations
The single rule change has a profound impact on gameplay. Since the king is immune to most attacks as long as it avoids being checkmated, checks cannot be used to gain time or chase the king to an unsafe position. Also, mating patterns are generally significantly more difficult to execute.

Another effect of this rule is that the king, immune from attack, is now a powerful force. The king can defend pieces by placing itself such that their capture would place the king in check. The king can advance into the enemy position, creating havoc in the enemy camp as enemy pieces need to avoid moving to squares from which they would give check.

Variations
Some rules variations exist:

 * If on their turn a player is not in check and no move is possible without delivering check without being checkmate, the player might be considered either to be stalemated or to lose.
 * A checking move might be considered either to be legal only if it would be a checkmate in orthodox chess or to deliver checkmate if any response would be a cross-check. The latter is an example of a fairy mate.
 * Absolute Checkless Chess is a variant by Dr. Roger Powell in 1975, whereby pieces may not cross any square from which they would give check.
 * Some authorities have suggested a variation where checks are permitted if they are part of a series of checks resulting in.

title: Checkless chess


text:
Self-regulation

Self-regulation may refer to:

 * Emotional self-regulation
 * Self-control, in sociology/psychology
 * Self-regulated learning, in educational psychology
 * Self-regulation theory (SRT), a system of conscious personal management
 * Industry self-regulation, the process of monitoring one's own adherence to industry standards
 * Self-regulatory organization, in business and finance
 * Homeostasis, a state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things
 * Emergence, the phenomenon in which unpredictable outcomes emerge from complex systems
 * Self-regulating variable resistance cables used for trace heating
 * Spontaneous order

title: Self-regulation


text:
Maliguda Tunnel

The Maliguda Tunnel of Odisha is the 4th Biggest broad-gauge railway tunnel in India after "Banihal – Quazigund Tunnel" which is in the state of Jammu & Kashmir.

The tunnel is 13 km east of Jeypore, India, 27 km from Koraput. The tunnel on which the entire route of 430 km was built by Japan Engineers in between (1961–66) with Japanese collaboration for the supply of Iron Ore from Kirandul to Vizag Port via- Dantewara, Jagdalpur, Jeypore, Koraput, Padua, Araku, Kottavalasa.

title: Maliguda Tunnel


text:
Mitch Kupchak

Mitchell Kupchak (born May 24, 1954) is an American professional basketball executive and retired player. He is the former president of basketball operations and general manager of the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). As a college player, Kupchak was an All-American at the University of North Carolina and a member of the gold medal-winning 1976 United States Olympic team. As a professional player, he won three NBA titles – one as a member of the Washington Bullets and two with the Los Angeles Lakers.

Early life
Mitchell Kupchak was born on May 24, 1954, in Brentwood, New York. He attended Brentwood High School, where he excelled in basketball.

College career
He was an All-American on the North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team, and was named Atlantic Coast Conference Player of the Year in his senior season. Kupchak played on the gold medal-winning team at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.

Washington Bullets (1976–1981)
Kupchak was drafted by the Washington Bullets in 1976 and was named to the NBA All-Rookie Team. He had four productive seasons with Washington and was part of the team that won the NBA championship in 1978.

Los Angeles Lakers (1981–1986)
He signed a long-term contract with the Lakers in 1981 at the behest of Earvin "Magic" Johnson, who told owner Jerry Buss, "If we could get Mitch Kupchak, I know we could win", after the team's playoff upset. 26 games into the season, Kupchak injured his knee and did not play again until the 1983–84 season.

Kupchak played a key role in the Showtime Lakers' 1985 championship team against the Boston Celtics, who had intimidated them in the prior year's Finals. Kupchak retired after the 1985–86 season, having played 510 regular season and 68 playoff games, with regular season averages of 10.2 points per game and 5.4 rebounds per game (7.7 points per game and 4.7 rebounds per game in the playoffs). During his final game, Game 5 of the Western Conference Finals, a brawl broke out between the Lakers and the Houston Rockets, which saw Kupchak and Hakeem Olajuwon ejected.

Los Angeles Lakers (1986–2017)
Kupchak planned for his "life after" being an NBA player and pursued a focused program to learn the trade of running NBA team operations. While still under his initial player contract, he worked with the front office, developing strong working relationships with Laker management, beginning to "apprentice" with Jerry West, and starting studies that led to his MBA from the UCLA Anderson School of Management in 1987.

Kupchak retired from playing in 1986, and became the Lakers' assistant general manager (under GM and Basketball Hall of Famer Jerry West). He later succeeded West as General Manager, but was not considered to have all of the traditional powers of an NBA GM until 2000 (when West resigned as Vice President of Basketball Operations, for the challenge of trying to replicate the Lakers' level of success as GM of the recently relocated, last-place Memphis Grizzlies).

On July 16, 2003, after the Lakers failed to reach the NBA Finals for the first time in three years, Kupchak's first major deal was the off-season acquisitions of superstars Karl Malone and Gary Payton (who had both failed to win an NBA championship despite long, Hall of Fame-caliber careers). After a number of controversial trade transactions over the years, including the trade of Shaquille O'Neal to the Miami Heat for Lamar Odom, Caron Butler, and Brian Grant—as well as the decision not to trade young center Andrew Bynum for point guard Jason Kidd—Kupchak faced severe criticism from Lakers franchise star Kobe Bryant, who urged his firing. However, Kupchak reportedly still had the support of the team's owner.

In 2007, Kupchak traded Brian Cook and Maurice Evans for Trevor Ariza, and the Lakers started the season off with the best record in the West. After an injury to Andrew Bynum cast their recent success in doubt, his February 2008 deal to obtain Spanish power forward Pau Gasol from the Memphis Grizzlies for Kwame Brown, Javaris Crittenton, Aaron McKie, and draft picks (one of which was the right to Marc Gasol) earned him praise (and scorn) from league insiders and fans alike. Bryant later conceded, "He goes from a F to an A-plus.", while Gregg Popovich, coach of Western Conference rival San Antonio Spurs, went so far as to argue that "there should be a trade committee that can scratch all trades that make no sense". That year, the Lakers reached the NBA Finals for the 5th time in 9 years, but would eventually lose to the Boston Celtics. The following year, they returned and won in a 4–1 rout over the Orlando Magic.

In 2009, Kupchak signed 2004 Defensive Player of the Year Ron Artest, famous for his role in the Pacers-Pistons Brawl, as a free agent. The Lakers made it to their seventh NBA Finals in 11 years, winning in a championship re-match against the Celtics in the 2010 NBA Finals. 2011 saw the retirement of longtime coach Phil Jackson, replacing him with Mike Brown, as well as an attempted three-team trade of Odom and Gasol to the Houston Rockets, in exchange for the New Orleans Hornets' All-Star point guard, Chris Paul Because the Hornets (a financial failure for its previous owners) was still owned by the NBA, Commissioner David Stern vetoed the trade for unspecified "basketball reasons"—leaving the Lakers with a publicly disgruntled Odom, and shocked Gasol (both of whom intended to end their careers as Lakers, and had not known that they were about to be traded).

On July 4, 2012, after two consecutive playoff exits in the Western Conference semi-final round, Kupchak used a traded player exception (gained by trading Odom to the Dallas Mavericks) on two-time, former NBA Most Valuable Player, Steve Nash. The deal to get Nash in a Laker uniform was finalized for a package of future draft picks and cash considerations. That same summer, Kupchak dealt Andrew Bynum, who had just been voted to his first All-Star team, in a four-way trade for his Eastern Conference counterpart, three-time Defensive Player of the Year Dwight Howard. The move was announced August 10, 2012. But the flurry of personnel changes did not stop there: Kupchak had also convinced former All-Star and Sixth Man of the Year winner Antawn Jamison to sign for a veteran-minimum contract. He later, along with owner Jerry Buss and Vice President of Basketball Operations Jim Buss (Jerry's son), also fired defense-minded head coach Mike Brown and replaced him with Nash's former head coach, offense-minded Mike D'Antoni.

During the 2013–14 season, Kupchak and the Lakers gave Kobe Bryant a 2-year, $48.5 million extension despite his being out due to an Achilles injury. The deal was reportedly endorsed by team president Jeanie Buss. D'Antoni resigned as coach of the Lakers after the team declined to pick up their option for him to coach in 2015–16, leaving Kupchak and Jim Buss the task of hiring a third coach in four years. They decided on former Lakers guard Byron Scott. The Lakers announced in April 2014 that Kupchak's own contract had been extended for multiple years. It was scheduled to expire after the 2014 season. Terms of the contract were not released.

On February 21, 2017, Kupchak was fired as general manager of the Lakers.

Charlotte Hornets (2018–present)
On April 8, 2018, Kupchak was hired as the president of basketball operations and general manager of the Charlotte Hornets. On June 21, 2018, Kupchak made his first draft selection as the general manager of the Charlotte Hornets. He selected Shai Gilgeous-Alexander with the 11th pick, who was subsequently traded to the Los Angeles Clippers for Miles Bridges, who was selected with the 12th pick. On February 12, 2024, Kupchak stepped down from his position atop the basketball operations hierarchy and transitioned into an advisory role upon the hire of former Nets assistant GM Jeff Peterson.

Personal life
Kupchak was inducted into the Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame on Long Island in the Basketball Category with the Class of 1990. In 2002, he was inducted into the National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame. In 2022 he divorced from his wife Claire, with whom he had two children. His daughter, Alina Claire Kupchak, died on January 5, 2015, after a lengthy illness. His son Maxwell played as a forward for the UC Santa Barbara basketball team.

title: Mitch Kupchak


text:
Talk:Gazpacho

Need etymology
Need etymology of the word "gazpacho." Badagnani (talk) 02:38, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Good luck with that. There are virtually NO good sources for that so it's not likely to ever be added in a way that would last before someone reverts it. SentientParadox (talk) 18:54, 15 April 2018 (UTC)

 * Well, the article on Spanish wikipedia has a subsection describing some theories about possible etymology (with sources). Ngfio (talk) 21:22, 23 November 2021 (UTC)

Nation origin
On here it says Spain/Portugal on the official soup article it says Spain, as I do not know the origin of the soup someone who does must sort this is out for the good of the people. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.154.26.170 (talk) 03:16, 28 December 2011 (UTC)

Potato?
I have always heard (in the US) that it is a basic cold POTATO soup, or as VP Dan Quayle spells it "Potatoe" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:1C2:4E00:2100:9D88:6D48:F277:11DF (talk) 10:48, 11 February 2022 (UTC)

Gazpacho v Gestapo
2/10/2022 Republican Marjorie Taylor Greene is the center of discussions on Twitter today, February 10, thanks to one of her recent remarks. “Not only do we have the DC jail which is the DC gulag, but now we have Nancy Pelosi’s gazpacho police spying on members of Congress, spying on the legislative work that we do, spying on our staff and spying on American citizens” — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:1C2:4E00:2100:9D88:6D48:F277:11DF (talk) 10:55, 11 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Marjorie Taylor Greene's accidental reference to gazpacho soup has been removed from this article. I have to reluctantly agree that's the proper thing to do, as this incident is unlikely to be more than a minor footnote in the long list of odd, troubling, and inciting remarks MTG has made in her short yet controversial political career. The Hamburger article makes no mention of Trump's delightful "hamberder" comment when serving the popular food item at the White House, despite it being more famous and the hamburger article being significantly longer.

 * But the reference to the Red Dwarf episode in which gazpacho forms a major plot point seems like a keeper. I vote out with MTG, in with RD! Who's with me, cold soup fans? FrankForAllAndBirds (talk) 07:22, 12 February 2022 (UTC)
 * No, unless you have a reliable source for that. OhNo itsJamie Talk 17:08, 12 February 2022 (UTC)

trivia
Hey, @Neishnosh! The original edit wasn't disruptive, it was trivia. The edit warring is what's disruptive. Please stop and let's discuss. Valereee (talk) 17:08, 26 June 2023 (UTC)

 * @Neishnosh fix ping. Valereee (talk) 17:08, 26 June 2023 (UTC)
 * @Neishnosh, seriously, do not revert again without coming here first to talk. Valereee (talk) 17:23, 26 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gazpacho


text:
User talk:Chad Bryant

This account has been blocked from editing indefinitely, because it was created in order to impersonate another User, and to vandalise his user page. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:35, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chad Bryant


text:
John Heydon (astrologer)

John Heydon (10 September 1629 – c. 1667) was an English Neoplatonist occult philosopher, Rosicrucian, astrologer and attorney.

Life
Rosicrucian sources, including Heydon's own English Physician's Guide and Frederick Talbot's The Wise Man's Crown, give a florid biography for Heydon, including a claim to be descended from a King of Hungary. However, he was actually born in "Green Arbour" (near the Old Bailey), London, the son of Francis Heydon (of Sidmouth in Devonshire) and Mary (née Chandler, of Worcestershire). He was baptised at St. Sepulchre's Church. He had one sibling, a sister, Anne, two years his junior.

According to his own account, he was educated at Tardebigge, Worcestershire, among his mother's friends. He studied Latin and Greek with a tutor and was apprenticed to the study of law; however, his studies were interrupted by the outbreak of the English Civil War, and as a young man, he was said to have served in the royalist army. In 1651 he went abroad, travelling to Italy, Spain, Egypt, Arabia, and Persia.

On returning to England, he trained in law, and was articled as a clerk in 1652. In 1655, he was living in Clifford's Inn, practising as an attorney and also casting horoscopes. Heydon married the widow of Nicholas Culpeper in 1656, and is thought to have fathered a daughter. After 1658, he lived in "Spitalfields, near Bishopsgate, next to the "Red Lion".

He attracted attention in royalist and occultist circles for predicting the future, including the death of Oliver Cromwell, then Protector. Their royalist connections caused both Francis and John Heydon to be imprisoned in the final years of the Commonwealth era. The Restoration of 1660 resolved Heydon's incarceration – though he was imprisoned briefly later in 1663 for dealing in suspect (treasonous) literature, and in 1664 for debt.

In 1665, Heydon published "Psonthonphanchia, or a Quintuple Rosiecrucian Scourge for the due Correction of that Pseudo-chymist and Scurrilous Emperick, Geo. Thomson", a fierce response to a pamphlet issued by physician George Thomson criticising the conduct of those members of the Royal College of Physicians who left the city during the Great Plague of London of 1665–66.

In 1667, Heydon was imprisoned, again, in the Tower of London for his part in the treasonous plots of his patron, the Duke of Buckingham. He was accused of "treasonable practices in sowing sedition in the navy and engaging persons in a conspiracy to seize the Tower". He claimed however, that he was innocent and was the victim of someone paid to inform against him.

Heydon was accused of plagiarising Sir Thomas Browne, Thomas Vaughan, and other writers; his Physician's Guide of 1662 largely derives from Sir Francis Bacon's New Atlantis. He was referred to as "an ignoramus and a cheate" by Elias Ashmole; Frances Yates termed him a "strange character...an astrologer, geomancer, alchemist, of a most extreme type."; while A. E. Waite considered that all that was of value in his mysticism was derived from anterior writers.

The precise date of Heydon's death is unknown.

Works
Heydon published a remarkable volume of work in the last twelve years of his life. A complete list can be found in the "Dictionary of National Biography" (1885–1900) entry (see "references" below), but includes:

 * Eugenius Theodidactus, the Prophetical Trumpeter... (1655)
 * A New Method of Rosie Crucian Physick... (1658)
 * The Rosie Crucian Infallible Axiomata; or, generall rules to know all things past, present, and to come (1660)
 * The Harmony of the World... (1662)
 * The English Physitians Guide: or a Holy Guide (1662)
 * Theomagia, or the temple of wisdom in three parts, spiritual, celestial, and elemental: containing the occult powers of the angels of astromancy in the telesmatical sculpture of the Persians and Ægyptians: the mysterious vertues of the characters of the stars...the knowledge of the Rosie Crucian physick, and the miraculous secrets of nature... (three parts, 1662/4)
 * Psonthonpanchia... (1664)
 * The wise-mans crown, or, The glory of the rosie-cross
 * Elhavarevna; or, the English Physitian's Tutor in the Astrobolismes of Metals Rosie Crucian (1665).

title: John Heydon (astrologer)


text:
Bucket brigade

A bucket brigade or human chain is a method for transporting items where items are passed from one (relatively stationary) person to the next.

The method was important in firefighting before the advent of hand-pumped fire engines, whereby firefighters would pass buckets of water to each other to extinguish a blaze. This technique is still common where using machines to move water, supplies, or other items would be impractical.

This method needs a number of participants sufficient for covering the distance.

As a metaphor
This principle inspired various technical items, e.g. the bucket-brigade device.

The term "bucket brigade" is also used for a certain method of organizing manual order picking in distribution centers. Here customer orders to be processed are passed from one order picker to the next. When the last picker in line has finished picking an order they walk back and take over the work of the next-to-last picker, who in their turn also walk back and so on, until the first person in line is reached, who then commences picking an entirely new order.

Similar applications of the idea of bucket brigades also exist for production lines.

title: Bucket brigade


text:
User:Xf95

Currently working on : Kowloon_Motor_Bus, History_of_Bus_transport_in_Hong_Kong, Mahjong

(yes, and by claiming that I was the original creator of that dead, long and dreaded article, I'm deternmined to work on it, fearing that it would whoop over 32k limit...)

title: User:Xf95


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User:Donessa

The Philippines is the third largest English speaking country in the world. It has a rich history combining Asian, European, and American influences. Prior to Spanish colonization in 1521, the Filipinos had a rich culture and were trading with the Chinese and the Japanese. Spain's colonization brought about the construction of Intamuros in 1571, a "Walled City" comprised of European buildings and churches, replicated in different parts of the archipelago. In 1898, after 350 years and 300 rebellions, the Filipinos, with leaders like Jose Rizal and Emilio Aguinaldo, succeeded in winning their independence.

In 1898, the Philippines became the first and only colony of the United States. Following the Philippine-American War, the United States brought widespread education to the islands. Filipinos fought alongside Americans during World War II, particularly at the famous battle of Bataan and Corregidor which delayed Japanese advance and saved Australia. They then waged a guerilla war against the Japanese from 1941 to 1945. The Philippines regained its independence in 1946.

Filipinos are a freedom-loving people, having waged two peaceful, bloodless revolutions against what were perceived as corrupt regimes. The Philippines is a vibrant democracy, as evidenced by 12 English national newspapers, 7 national television stations, hundreds of cable TV stations, and 2,000 radio stations.

Filipinos are a fun-loving people. Throughout the islands, there are fiestas celebrated everyday and foreign guests are always welcome to their homes.

\GENERAL INFORMATION

The Philippines is made up of 7,107 islands covering a land area of 115,739 sq. m. (299,764 sq. km.). Main island groups are Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Capital is Manila. Time Zone is GMT + 8 hours.

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Embarrassingly parallel

In parallel computing, an embarrassingly parallel workload or problem (also called embarrassingly parallelizable, perfectly parallel, delightfully parallel or pleasingly parallel) is one where little or no effort is needed to split the problem into a number of parallel tasks. This is due to minimal or no dependency upon communication between the parallel tasks, or for results between them.

These differ from distributed computing problems, which need communication between tasks, especially communication of intermediate results. They are easier to perform on server farms which lack the special infrastructure used in a true supercomputer cluster. They are well-suited to large, Internet-based volunteer computing platforms such as BOINC, and suffer less from parallel slowdown. The opposite of embarrassingly parallel problems are inherently serial problems, which cannot be parallelized at all.

A common example of an embarrassingly parallel problem is 3D video rendering handled by a graphics processing unit, where each frame (forward method) or pixel (ray tracing method) can be handled with no interdependency. Some forms of password cracking are another embarrassingly parallel task that is easily distributed on central processing units, CPU cores, or clusters.

Etymology
"Embarrassingly" is used here to refer to parallelization problems which are "embarrassingly easy". The term may imply embarrassment on the part of developers or compilers: "Because so many important problems remain unsolved mainly due to their intrinsic computational complexity, it would be embarrassing not to develop parallel implementations of polynomial homotopy continuation methods." The term is first found in the literature in a 1986 book on multiprocessors by MATLAB's creator Cleve Moler, who claims to have invented the term.

An alternative term, pleasingly parallel, has gained some use, perhaps to avoid the negative connotations of embarrassment in favor of a positive reflection on the parallelizability of the problems: "Of course, there is nothing embarrassing about these programs at all."

Examples
Some examples of embarrassingly parallel problems include:
 * Monte Carlo analysis
 * Distributed relational database queries using distributed set processing.
 * Numerical integration
 * Bulk processing of unrelated files of similar nature in general, such as photo gallery resizing and conversion.
 * The Mandelbrot set, Perlin noise and similar images, where each point is calculated independently.
 * Rendering of computer graphics. In computer animation, each frame or pixel may be rendered independently (see parallel rendering).
 * Some brute-force searches in cryptography. Notable real-world examples include distributed.net and proof-of-work systems used in cryptocurrency.
 * BLAST searches in bioinformatics with split databases.
 * Large scale facial recognition systems that compare thousands of arbitrary acquired faces (e.g., a security or surveillance video via closed-circuit television) with similarly large number of previously stored faces (e.g., a rogues gallery or similar watch list).
 * Computer simulations comparing many independent scenarios.
 * Genetic algorithms.
 * Ensemble calculations of numerical weather prediction.
 * Event simulation and reconstruction in particle physics.
 * The marching squares algorithm.
 * Sieving step of the quadratic sieve and the number field sieve.
 * Tree growth step of the random forest machine learning technique.
 * Discrete Fourier transform where each harmonic is independently calculated.
 * Convolutional neural networks running on GPUs.
 * Parallel search in constraint programming

Implementations

 * In R (programming language) – The Simple Network of Workstations (SNOW) package implements a simple mechanism for using a set of workstations or a Beowulf cluster for embarrassingly parallel computations. Similar R packages include "future", "parallel" and others.

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Kurt Rambis

Darrell Kurt Rambis (Κυριάκος Ραμπίδης; born February 25, 1958) is a Greek-American former professional basketball player and coach who is a senior basketball adviser for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). As a player, he won four NBA championships while playing power forward for the Lakers. Rambis was a key member of the Showtime era Lakers and was extremely popular for his hard-nosed blue collar play. With his trademark black horn-rimmed glasses, Rambis complemented the flashy Hollywood style of the Showtime era Lakers.

Rambis played college basketball for the Santa Clara Broncos. As a senior in 1980, he was named the player of the year in the West Coast Conference (WCC). Rambis was selected by the New York Knicks in the third round of the 1980 NBA draft, but began his career in Greece with AEK Athens before joining the Lakers. He also played for the Charlotte Hornets, Phoenix Suns, and Sacramento Kings. Rambis became a coach and has served as head coach for the Lakers, Minnesota Timberwolves, and the Knicks. He also won two league championships as an assistant coach with the Lakers.

Early life
Rambis was born in Terre Haute, Indiana, into a family of Greek extraction. His family moved to Cupertino, California in his preschool years; his number is retired at Cupertino High School.

College career
He graduated from Santa Clara University, where he played from 1976 to 1980, becoming its second-leading rebounder and all-time leading scorer with 1,736 points. During his Santa Clara years, he was awarded the WCC Freshman of the Year and Conference Player of the Year as a senior. His No. 34 was retired on December 29, 2008.

Professional career
Rambis was drafted by the New York Knicks as the 58th pick in the 1980 NBA draft, but he was subsequently waived by the Knicks. He played in Greece in the Greek League for the club AEK Athens, under the name Kyriakos Rambidis. Being of Greek descent, he also acquired Greek citizenship. AEK won the Greek Cup in 1981.

He was re-signed by the Knicks in 1981 but never played a game for them. His success as an NBA player started when he was signed as a free agent by the Los Angeles Lakers in 1981. Rambis spent most of his 14 seasons in the NBA with the Lakers, winning championships in 1982, 1985, 1987, and 1988 as part of their Showtime teams.

During his playing days, Rambis was a favorite among the Lakers fans because of his status as an overachieving underdog and ultimate team player. Known for his defensive and rebounding skills, he was remembered in Los Angeles for his all-out effort and willingness to do the "dirty work" that many players do not embrace. Rambis usually wore a thick moustache and thick-rimmed black glasses, prompting Lakers announcer Chick Hearn to nickname him "Superman" (in reference to the character's alter ego, Clark Kent). At the Lakers home arena a "Superman" fan club (also known as Rambis youth) was formed where the courtside spectators wore glasses styled similar to the ones used by Rambis. Lakers head coach Pat Riley once complained to a reporter "Other guys have sharp Adidas bags. [Rambis]'s got this black satchel, like the kind you would have a bowling ball in. And it's, like, vinyl. He doesn't ever bring a garment bag or a suitcase. That's all he ever brings, could be a week."

Rambis also played for the Charlotte Hornets, Phoenix Suns, and Sacramento Kings before returning to the Lakers for the 1993–94 season. He retired as a player with the Lakers in 1995.

Los Angeles Lakers (1994–2009)
Rambis began working as a special assistant coach for the Lakers in 1994 but eventually returned to the active playing roster in February 1995. He was waived at the beginning of the 1995–96 season and resumed his role as an assistant. He served as head coach of the Lakers during the 1999 "lockout season" after coach Del Harris was fired. He achieved moderate success, registering a 24–13 record in the regular season before being swept by the San Antonio Spurs in the 1999 Western Conference Semifinals. When Phil Jackson was hired as head coach, Rambis served as the Lakers' assistant general manager. He later became an assistant coach under Jackson between 2001 and 2004, helping the Lakers reach the 2002 and the 2004 NBA Finals, with Los Angeles winning a title in the former series. He was hired again as an assistant in 2005, along with former player Brian Shaw, helping the Lakers to another pair of finals in 2008 and 2009. The Lakers won in the latter attempt.

Minnesota Timberwolves (2009–2011)
In 2007, Rambis interviewed for the Sacramento Kings' coaching job. He was a finalist again in 2009 to coach the Kings, and after serious discussions, he was offered the job, but he wanted more than a two-year contract and more money than was offered, so he turned down the job.

On August 8, 2009, Rambis was announced as the new head coach for the Minnesota Timberwolves, agreeing to a contract believed to be for 4 years and worth $8 million. Rambis succeeded Kevin McHale, infamous for taking him down in Game 4 of the 1984 NBA Finals.

On July 12, 2011, Rambis was fired as coach of the Minnesota Timberwolves after compiling a 32–132 record in two seasons with the team.

Return to the Lakers (2013–2014)
On July 29, 2013, the Lakers announced they had re-hired Rambis as an assistant coach.

New York Knicks (2014–2018)
On July 7, 2014, the Knicks announced they had hired Rambis to be the assistant head coach of the team under head coach Derek Fisher. On February 8, 2016, Rambis was named the interim head coach after Fisher was fired. After going 9-19 under Rambis, and finishing the season 32–50 overall, the Knicks decided to hire Jeff Hornacek as the team's new head coach, while Rambis was retained as associate head coach. On April 12, 2018, Rambis was fired along with Hornacek, who went 60–104 over two seasons with the Knicks.

Los Angeles Lakers (2018–present)
In September 2018, Rambis rejoined the Lakers as a senior basketball adviser. Rambis has become "one of the most influential members of the organization since returning to the franchise in 2017." Kurt Rambis's wife, Linda Rambis, serves as the Lakers Executive Director of Special Projects and is one of Jeanie Buss's longtime friends. Alongside Rob Pelinka, the couple has been described as "a pillar of the club’s four-pronged brain trust alongside [Jeanie] Buss."

Outside basketball
Rambis also had a recurring role as Coach Cleary in the family drama 7th Heaven. He also guest-starred in season one of Sweet Valley High in episode thirteen "Club X" as a friend of Elizabeth and an episode of The Commish as a basketball player. He appeared in the "Going Places" episode (as himself) of It's Garry Shandling's Show. Rambis also made a cameo appearance in an episode of Malcolm & Eddie.

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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Crimson Vengeance

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 15:34, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Crimson Vengeance
"Crimson Vengeance was the first film produced by the Community Christian School class of 2006." Says it all really. Unverifiable, non-notable, and most probably nonsense. Xezbeth 09:46, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, cruft. Megan1967 09:55, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, wikipedia isn't a crystal ball. Also, article talks in paste tense on future event. Likely hoax. Mgm|(talk) 10:32, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong delete. Stombs 10:33, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Mwanner 11:51, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think the article is trying to claim that the film came out in the future, I think it's saying Class of 2006, which is the year that the class graudates (from elementary, junior or high school, it isn't clear). Still, it's an amateur kids' film, and therefore nn.  Delete.  RickK 18:44, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, what RickK said. Wmahan. 23:20, 2005 Apr 18 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Talk:Server farm

Confusion with Cluster
I believe this article should be reviewed because it leads to confusion between Farm and Cluster, which are not exactly the same thing! A cluster is for redundancy (active-passive model) or performance (active-active model), whereas a farm is a group of servers that are working simultaneously to load balance between them.

Same as Data Center
Shouldn't this be merged with Data center? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.181.114.145 (talk) 07:35, 15 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Please don't merge it...as a student, I would have had a difficult time of finding this. Keep it simple....  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.95.71.99 (talk) 04:17, 4 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Actually both titles can be redirected to the same article. I propose that it should be merged. § Music Sorter §  (talk) 07:06, 21 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Um, no...a server farm and a data center are not the same thing...not physically, and certainly not conceptually. It would be highly inaccurate to define them as such.   — Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.86.71.226 (talk) 19:14, 23 March 2012 (UTC)

Article needs clean up
This article is supposed to be about server farms, yet more than 50% of the article talks about details of the data centers that house them...details that would be irrelevant to someone researching server farms...as simple link to the data center article would suffice. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.86.71.226 (talk) 19:20, 23 March 2012 (UTC)

ALTA Computec —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.55.76.19 (talk) 12:30, 8 February 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Server farm. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20100819190918/http://www.stockholmbusinessregion.se/templates/page____41724.aspx?epslanguage=EN to http://www.stockholmbusinessregion.se/templates/page____41724.aspx?epslanguage=EN

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 19:37, 17 October 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Server farm


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Synthetic rubber

A synthetic rubber is an artificial elastomer. They are polymers synthesized from petroleum byproducts. About 32 million metric tons of rubbers are produced annually in the United States, and of that amount two thirds are synthetic. Synthetic rubber, just like natural rubber, has many uses in the automotive industry for tires, door and window profiles, seals such as O-rings and gaskets, hoses, belts, matting, and flooring. They offer a different range of physical and chemical properties which can improve the reliability of a given product or application. Synthetic rubbers are superior to natural rubbers in two major respects: thermal stability, and resistance to oils and related compounds. They are more resistant to oxidizing agents, such as oxygen and ozone which can reduce the life of products like tires.

History of synthetic rubber

The expanded use of bicycles, and particularly their pneumatic tires, starting in the 1890s, created increased demand for rubber. In 1909, a team headed by Fritz Hofmann, working at the Bayer laboratory in Elberfeld, Germany, succeeded in polymerizing isoprene, making the first synthetic rubber.

Studies published in 1930 written independently the Russian Lebedev, the American Wallace Carothers and the German scientist Hermann Staudinger led in 1931 to one of the first successful synthetic rubbers, known as neoprene, which was developed at DuPont under the direction of E. K. Bolton. Neoprene is highly resistant to heat and chemicals such as oil and gasoline, and is used in fuel hoses and as an insulating material in machinery. The company Thiokol applied their name to a competing type of rubber based on ethylene dichloride.

In 1935, German chemists synthesized the first of a series of synthetic rubbers known as Buna rubbers. These were copolymers, meaning the polymers were made up from two monomers in alternating sequence. Other brands included Koroseal, which Waldo Semon developed in 1935, and Sovprene, which Soviet researchers created in 1940.

World War II
Production of synthetic rubber in the United States expanded greatly during World War II since the Axis powers controlled nearly all the world's limited supplies of natural rubber by mid-1942, following the Japanese conquest of most of Asia, particularly in the Southeast Asian colonies of British Malaya (now Malaysia) and the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) from where much of the global supply of natural rubber was sourced.

Operation Pointblank bombing targets of Nazi Germany included the Schkopau (50,000 tons/yr) plant and the Hüls synthetic rubber plant near Recklinghausen (30,000, 17%), and the Kölnische Gummifäden Fabrik tire and tube plant at Deutz on the east bank of the Rhine. The Ferrara, Italy, synthetic rubber factory (near a river bridge) was bombed August 23, 1944. Three other synthetic rubber facilities were at Ludwigshafen/Oppau (15,000), Hanover/Limmer (reclamation, 20,000), and Leverkusen (5,000). A synthetic rubber plant at Oświęcim, in Nazi-occupied Poland, was under construction on March 5, 1944 operated by IG Farben and supplied with slave labor, by the SS, from the associated camp Auschwitz III (Monowitz).

Types
The most prevalent synthetic rubber is styrene-butadiene rubbers (SBR) derived from the copolymerization of styrene and 1,3-butadiene. Other synthetic rubbers include:

 * polyisoprene, prepared by polymerization of isoprene
 * neoprene, prepared by polymerization of 2-chlorobutadiene
 * nitrile rubber made from cyanobutadiene or 2-propenenitrile and butadiene

Many variations of these can be prepared with mixtures of monomers and with various catalysts that allow for control of stereochemistry.

Polyisobutylene or butyl rubber is commonly used in tyre inner tubes or linings owing to its resistance to diffusion of air through the lining. It is a much less resilient material than cis-polybutadiene which is frequently used in tyre sidewalls to minimize energy losses and heat build-up. It is so resilient that it is used in super balls. An elastomer widely used for external sheet such as roof coverings is Hypalon or chlorosulphonated polyethylene. Synthetic rubbers like EPR can also be used for electrical insulation.

Silicone rubber
Silicone rubber is also a synthetic elastomer composed of silicone polymers. Silicone rubbers are widely used in industry, and there are multiple formulations. Silicone rubbers are often one- or two-part polymers, and may contain fillers to improve properties or reduce cost. Silicone rubber is generally non-reactive, stable, and resistant to extreme environments and temperatures.

Natural vs. synthetic rubber
Natural rubber, coming from latex of Hevea brasiliensis, is mainly poly-cis-isoprene.

Synthetic rubber, like other polymers, is made from various petroleum-based monomers.

Some synthetic rubbers are less sensitive to ozone cracking than natural rubber. Natural rubber is sensitive owing to the double bonds in its chain structure, but some synthetic rubbers do not possess these bonds and so are more resistant to ozone cracking. Examples include Viton rubber, EPDM and butyl rubber.

A new class of synthetic rubber is the thermoplastic elastomers which can be moulded easily unlike conventional natural rubber vulcanized rubber. Their structure is stabilized by cross-linking by crystallites in the case of polyurethanes or by amorphous domains in the case of SBS block copolymers.

title: Synthetic rubber


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Talk:Dangerous Curves (1988 film)

Untitled
Can I really edit this page and have everyone look at it?

 * YES Lectonar

title: Talk:Dangerous Curves (1988 film)


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Mare (folklore)

A mare (mære, mare, ; mara in Old High German, Old Norse, and Swedish) is a malicious entity in Germanic and Slavic folklore that walks on people's chests while they sleep, bringing on nightmares.

Etymology
The word mare comes (through Middle English mare) from the Old English feminine noun mære (which had numerous variant forms, including mare, mere, and mær). These in turn come from Proto-Germanic *marōn. *Marōn is the source of mara, from which are derived mara; mara; marra; mare; mare/mara, Dutch: (nacht)merrie, and German: (Nacht)mahr. The -mar in French cauchemar ('nightmare') is borrowed from the Germanic through Old French mare.

Most scholars trace the word back to the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European root *mer-, associated with crushing, pressing and oppressing. or according to other sources 'to rub away' or 'to harm'. However, other etymologies have been suggested. For example, Éva Pócs saw the term as being cognate with the Greek term Moros (μόρος (Indo-European *móros)), meaning 'doom'. There is no definite answer among historians about the time of origin of the word. According to the philologist Yeleazar Meletinsky, the Proto-Slavonic root mara passed into the Germanic language no later than the 1st century BC.

In Norwegian and Danish, the words for 'nightmare' are mareritt and mareridt respectively, which can be directly translated as 'mare-ride'. The Icelandic word martröð has the same meaning (-tröð from the verb troða, 'trample', 'stamp on', related to tread), whereas the Swedish mardröm translates as 'mare-dream'.

Beliefs
The mare was believed to ride horses, which left them exhausted and covered in sweat by the morning. She could also entangle the hair of the sleeping man or beast, resulting in "marelocks", called marflätor ('mare-braids') or martovor ('mare-tangles') in Swedish or marefletter and marefloker in Norwegian. The belief probably originated as an explanation to the Polish plait phenomenon, a hair disease.

Even trees were thought to be ridden by the mare, resulting in branches being entangled. The undersized, twisted pine-trees growing on coastal rocks and on wet grounds are known in Sweden as martallar ('mare-pines') or in German as Alptraum-Kiefer ('nightmare pine').

According to Paul Devereux, mares included witches who took on the form of animals when their spirits went out and about while they were in trance (see the Icelandic example of Geirrid, below). These included animals such as frogs, cats, horses, hares, dogs, oxen, birds and often bees and wasps.

Scandinavia
The mare is attested as early as in the Norse Ynglinga saga from the 13th century. Here, King Vanlandi Sveigðisson of Uppsala lost his life to a nightmare (mara) conjured by the Finnish sorceress Huld or Hulda, hired by the king's abandoned wife Drífa. The king had broken his promise to return within three years, and after ten years had elapsed the wife engaged the sorceress to either lure the king back to her, or failing that, to assassinate him. Vanlandi had scarcely gone to sleep when he complained that the nightmare "rode him"; when the men held the king's head it "trod on his legs" on the point of breaking, and when the retinue then "seized his feet", the creature fatally "pressed down on his head". In Sámi mythology, there is an evil elf called Deattán, who transforms into a bird or other animal and sits on the chests of sleeping people, giving nightmares.

According to the Vatnsdæla saga, Thorkel Silver (Þorkell Silfri) has a dream about riding a red horse that barely touched ground, which he interpreted as a positive omen, but his wife disagreed, explaining that a mare signified a man's fetch (fylgja), and that the red color boded bloodiness. This association of the nightmare with fetch is thought to be of late origin, an interpolation in the text dating to circa 1300, with the text exhibiting a "confounding of the words marr and mara."

Another possible example is the account in the Eyrbyggja saga of the sorceress Geirrid accused of assuming the shape of a "night-rider" or "ride-by-night" (marlíðendr or kveldriða) and causing serious trampling bruises on Gunnlaug Thorbjornsson. The marlíðendr mentioned here has been equated to the mara by commentators.

Germany
In Germany, they were known as Mara, Mahr, or Mare.

German Folklorist Franz Felix Adalbert Kuhn records a Westphalian charm or prayer used to ward off mares, from Wilhelmsburg near Paderborn:

Such charms are preceded by the example of the Münchener Nachtsegen of the fourteenth century (See Elf under §Medieval and early modern German texts). Its texts demonstrates that certainly by the Late Middle Ages, the distinction between the Mare, the Alp, and the Trute (Drude) was being blurred, the Mare being described as the Alp's mother.

Poland
Etymologically, Polish zmora/mara is connected to Mara/Marzanna, a demon/goddess of winter. It could be a soul of a person (alive or dead) such as a sinful woman, someone wronged or someone who died without confession. Other signs of someone being a mare could be: being the seventh daughter, having one's name pronounced in a wrong way while being baptised, having multicoloured eyes or a unibrow (exclusive to the Kalisz region, Poland). If a woman was promised to marry a man, but then he married another, the rejected one could also become a mare at night. A very common belief was that one would become a mare if they mispronounced a prayer – e.g. Zmoraś Mario instead of Zdrowaś Mario (an inverted version of Hail Mary ). The mare can turn into animals and objects, such as cats, frogs, yarn, straw or apples. People believed that the mare drained people – as well as cattle and horses – of energy and/or blood at night.

Protection practices included:

 * drinking coffee before sleeping,
 * taking the mare's hat,
 * throwing a piece of a noose at the demon,
 * sleeping with a leather, wedding belt or a scythe,
 * inviting the mare for breakfast,
 * changing one's sleeping position,
 * smearing feces on the front door,
 * leaving a bundle of hay in one's bed and going to sleep in another room.

To protect livestock, some people hung mirrors over the manger (to scare the mare with its own face) or affixed dead birds of prey to the stable doors. Sometimes the horses were given red ribbons, or covered in a stinking substance.

Other
A Czech můra denotes a kind of elf or spirit as well as a sphinx moth or "night butterfly". Other Slavic languages with cognates that have the double meaning of moth are: Kashubian mòra, and Slovak mora.

In the northwest and south Russian traditions, the mara is a female character, similar to kikimora. Usually invisible, it can take the form of a black woman with long shaggy hair, which she combs, sitting on a yarn.

In Croatian, mora refers to a 'nightmare'. Mora or Mara is one of the spirits from ancient Slav mythology, a dark one who becomes a beautiful woman to visit men in their dreams, torturing them with desire before killing them. In Serbia, a mare is called mora, or noćnik/noćnica ('night creature', masculine and feminine respectively). In Romania they were known as Moroi.

Some believe that a mora enters the room through the keyhole, sits on the chest of the sleeper and tries to strangle them (hence moriti, 'to torture', 'to bother', 'to strangle', umoriti, 'to tire', 'to kill', umor, 'tiredness' and umoran, 'tired'). To repel moras, children are advised to look at the window or to turn the pillow and make the sign of the cross on it (prekrstiti jastuk); in the early 19th century, Vuk Karadžić mentions that people would repel moras by leaving a broom upside down behind their doors, or putting their belt on top of their sheets, or saying an elaborate prayer poem before they go to sleep.

General references

 * Bjordvand, Harald and Lindeman, Fredrik Otto (2007). Våre arveord. Novus. ISBN 978-82-7099-467-0.
 * Devereux, Paul (2001). Haunted Land: Investigations into Ancient Mysteries and Modern Day Phenomena, Piatkus Publishers.
 * Hødnebø, Finn and Magerøy, Hallvard (eds.) (1979). Snorres kongesagaer 1, 2nd ed. Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. ISBN 82-05-22184-7.
 * Pickett, Joseph P. et al. (eds.) (2000). The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-82517-2.
 * Pickett, Joseph P. et al. (eds.) (2000). The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-82517-2.
 * Pickett, Joseph P. et al. (eds.) (2000). The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-82517-2.

title: Mare (folklore)


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Bibletone Records

Bibletone Records was organized in 1942 in New York City by Arthur L. Becker. In 1944 the company home office was listed as 354 Fourth Avenue, NY. Home office executives were Arthur L. Becker, home office president; C. B. Slade, executive manager; and George Shackley, musical director.

The company was the first all-gospel label to release 33$1⁄3$ rpm albums of their releases. It was also one of the first labels to release 10-inch as well as 12-inch long-play albums and one of the first companies to release their singles on 45, as well as 78 rpm.

Early years
Initially, the early albums were of choirs, sacred music and children's music. The company also produced recorded "selected passages of the scriptures [including] Twenty-Third Psalm -- Ten Commandments -- Sermon on the Mount and others" that were sold at $1.05 each in 1943.

The success of the earliest records of The LeFevres on 78 rpm (in the 1940s), caused the company to shift its focus to Southern Gospel. The company changed ownership several times during the 1950s, operating for a time in Montrose, Pennsylvania and also in Wheaton, Illinois.

Seasonal recordings
The company also produced Christmas albums. One, Merry Christmas Music in 1948, featured the Saintsbury Singers performing a cappella carols with "six sides on 10-inch records."

Bibletone's product line in 1948 included three Easter albums -- Elijah, The Messiah, and New Hymns of Gladness. In conjunction with those albums, the company advertised its "'NEW NOISELESS SURFACE' -- a Bibletone recording achievement."

Singles begin
Bibletone ventured into production of single recordings in 1949. Initially the focus was on "signing of several Southern and Western radio artists."

Blue & Red Vinyl Days
The company finally settled in East Orange, New Jersey, under the management of Dick Engel. During Engel's tenure, the label boasted its own pressing plant, and recorded a number of major Southern gospel groups, including : The LeFevres, The Blue Ridge Quartet, The Rebels Quartet, The Harmoneers, The Homeland Harmony Quartet, The Happy Goodman Family and the Sunshine Boys. Initial releases were often pressed by RCA Custom Pressing but Bibletone became known in the 1950s for their colorful red or blue vinyl records, pressed in the company's own pressing plant.

Legal problems
In May 1961, Engel was one of four men arrested in connection with an investigation into counterfeiting of records. Nassau County, New York, police arrested the men at the Hotel Plaza in New York City. The four were charged with "grand larceny, conspiracy to violate trade-mark laws and conspiracy to commit grand larceny." Records the group was accused of counterfeiting included Frank Sinatra's Nice 'n' Easy and Enoch Light's Persuasive Percussion.

Bibletone Today
A reported accident at the plant caused the original Bibletone label to cease production in the late 1950s, and the trademark on the name lapsed. In 1967, Johnny Carter filed for the Bibletone trademark, and began using the name. Later, the label became a part of the National Recording Corporation in Rome, Georgia.

title: Bibletone Records


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Duduma Waterfalls

Duduma Waterfall is situated in the border of Koraput (Odisha)  districts of India.

Geography
This horsetail type waterfall is 175 m in height and is formed by the Machkund river. It has two sub-waterfalls, one on the Odisha side and the other on the Andhra Pradesh side. Duduma is about 92 km from Koraput and about 177 km from Visakhapatnam.

Hydroelectric project
Machhakund (Duduma) Hydroelectric Project is located near Duduma Falls. It is a collaborative project between the Government of Andhra Pradesh and the Government of Odisha. The project, consisting of 6 units, has an installed capacity of 120 MW.

Tourism
Machkund is a pilgrimage destination. The aboriginal tribe of Bonda, Gadaba, and paraja's live near this waterfall.

title: Duduma Waterfalls