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Pius

Pius is a masculine given name. Its feminine form is Pia.

It may refer to:

Monarch

 * Antoninus Pius (86–161), Roman emperor

Popes

 * Pope Pius (disambiguation)
 * Antipope Pius XIII (1918–2009), who led the breakaway True Catholic Church sect

Given name

 * Pius Adesanmi (1972–2019), Nigerian-born Canadian academic and author
 * Pius Bazighe (born 1972), Nigerian javelin thrower
 * Pius Font i Quer (1888–1964), Catalan botanist, pharmacist and chemist
 * Pius Bonifacius Gams (1816–1892), German Benedictine ecclesiastical historian
 * Pius Heinz (born 1989), German poker player
 * Pius Lasisi Jimoh (1950–2014), Nigerian politician
 * Pius F. Koakanu (died 1885), Hawaiian politician
 * Pius Langa (1939–2013), South African lawyer and judge
 * Pius Lee, American political power broker and landlord
 * Pius Malip (died 1988), Papua New Guinean politician
 * Pius Ferdinand Messerschmitt (1858–1915), German painter, illustrator and watercolorist
 * Pius Ncube (born 1946), Zimbabwean Catholic Archbishop and outspoken critic of Robert Mugabe
 * Pius N. Okeke (born 1941), Nigerian astronomer and educator
 * Pius Paschke (born 1990), German ski jumper
 * Pius Fidelis Pinto (born 1960), Indian priest and research scholar
 * Pius Schwert (1892-1941), American politician and baseball player
 * Pius Suter (born 1996), Swiss ice hockey player
 * Pius Vilakati, Swazi democracy activist
 * Pius Walder (1952–1982), Austrian lumberjack and poacher
 * Pius Zingerle (1801–1881), Austrian Orientalist
 * Yi Kang (1877-1955), Korean Prince who took on the name Pius after converting to Roman Catholicism

Surname

 * Maiken Pius (née Schmidt, born 1985), Estonian actress
 * Märt Pius (born 1989), Estonian actor
 * Priit Pius (born 1989), Estonian actor
 * Saara Pius (née Kadak, born 1990), Estonian actress and singer

Fictional characters

 * Pius Thicknesse, in the Harry Potter series
 * Pius XIII the eponymous Pope in the HBO series The Young Pope
 * Pius XV, in the Babylon 5 science fiction saga, a fictional early 22nd century pope featured in the novel Dark Genesis

title: Pius


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Talk:Affirmative action bake sale

Untitled
Whether it is innovative or not is in itself controversial. POV. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.219.42.102 (talk) 12:12, 7 April 2005 (UTC)

Speedy Deletion?
This topic does not merit a Wikipedia article. Issues of affirmative action are adequately covered elsewhere. The particular protests and stunts described in this article are not noteworthy enough to stand on their own as an article, and could be incorporated briefly in other articles. FatTrebla (talk) 03:19, 11 April 2011 (UTC)

They have been repeated multiple times internationally. They are noteworthy, though perhaps much of this discussion does just repeat discussions in the Affirmative Action article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:306:3134:5310:E2F8:47FF:FE36:92DC (talk) 06:40, 21 November 2013 (UTC)

Legality in the US
At Regis University, a bake sale like this was shut down because it was a "crystal clear" violation of the law.

I came to wikipedia to find out it's actually illegal, because I have no idea. The article seems to be saying that because it's a non-profit protest, it's not racial or sexual discrimination, but I'm having difficulty imagining that being actually true. I'm sure you'd have a very difficult time finding someone willing to take a bake-seller to court, but it does seem like something that is technically illegal. Other articles don't bring up legal issues: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/06/bake-sale-to-highlight-gender-pay-gap-sparks-threats-of-violence or http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/23/jordan-high-school-gender-equality-bake-sale_n_6925692.html for example.Itsnotmyfault1 (talk) 20:58, 20 April 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Affirmative action bake sale


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User talk:DaCyclops

Welcome!

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Maurice Stokes

Maurice Stokes (June 17, 1933 – April 6, 1970) was an American professional basketball player. He played for the Cincinnati/Rochester Royals of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1955 to 1958. Stokes was a three-time NBA All-Star, a three-time All-NBA Second Team member and the 1956 NBA Rookie of the Year. His career – and later his life – was cut short by a debilitating brain injury and paralysis.

Stokes is a namesake of the NBA's Twyman–Stokes Teammate of the Year Award alongside Jack Twyman, who served as Stokes' legal guardian during the final years of his life. Stokes was inducted into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame in 2004.

Early life
Born in Rankin, Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgh, Stokes was one of four children — he had a twin sister and two brothers. His father worked in a steel mill and his mother was a domestic. When Maurice was age 8, the family moved to nearby Homewood, where he later attended Westinghouse High School. Stokes did not start his first two years at Westinghouse, but in his last two years, he helped lead the Bulldogs to back-to-back city championships in 1950 and 1951.

College career
Stokes graduated from Saint Francis College in Loretto, Pennsylvania, where he led the Red Flash to the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in 1955 and was named Most Valuable Player, although his team finished fourth in the tournament. In his first college season, Stokes averaged 23.1 points and 26.5 rebounds per game. In the following season, he averaged 27.1 points and 26.2 rebounds per game. Stokes remains St. Francis' all-time leading rebounder with 1,819 and is second in scoring with 2,282 points. The Red Flash were 79-30 during Stokes' four seasons. He was later inducted in the St. Francis University Athletic Hall of Fame.

Rochester / Cincinnati Royals (1955–1958)
Selected second overall in the 1955 NBA draft by the Rochester Royals, Stokes averaged 16.3 rebounds per game during his rookie season and was named NBA Rookie of the Year. The next season, he set a league record for most rebounds in a single season with 1,256 (17.4 per game). The Royals relocated to Cincinnati in 1957 and Stokes was second in the NBA in rebounds and third in assists in ; a feat only Wilt Chamberlain has matched for a full season.

During his three seasons in the NBA (1955–58), he grabbed more rebounds than any other player with 3,492 (Bob Pettit was second with 3,417) and also amassed 1,062 assists, which was second in the NBA only to Boston Celtics' point guard Bob Cousy (1,583). Stokes was named an All-Star and All-NBA Second Team for all three seasons of his career. He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in September 2004.

Stokes is one of eight NBA players who have recorded four consecutive triple-doubles.

Injury and paralysis
On March 12, 1958, in the last game of the regular season, Stokes was knocked unconscious after he drove to the basket, drew contact, and struck his head as he fell to the court. He was revived with smelling salts and returned to the game. Three days later, after recording 12 points and 15 rebounds in an opening-round playoff game against the Detroit Pistons, he became ill on the team's flight back to Cincinnati and lapsed into unconsciousness. Stokes later suffered a seizure and was left permanently paralyzed. He was diagnosed with post-traumatic encephalopathy, a brain injury that damaged his motor-control center.

During the years that followed, Stokes would be supported and cared for by his lifelong friend and teammate, Jack Twyman, who became Stokes' legal guardian. Although permanently paralyzed, Stokes was mentally alert and communicated by blinking his eyes. He adopted a grueling physical therapy regimen that eventually allowed him limited physical movement, and he eventually regained limited speaking ability. Stokes' condition deteriorated through the 1960s and he was later transferred to Good Samaritan Hospital in Cincinnati, where Twyman continued to be a regular visitor.

Death
Twelve years after his injury, Stokes died at age 36 from a heart attack on April 6, 1970, and received a series of Catholic funerals.

At his own request, he was buried in Franciscan Friar Cemetery on the campus of Saint Francis in Loretto.

Legacy
After Jack Twyman became his legal guardian, he organized a charity exhibition basketball game in 1958 to help raise funds for Stokes' medical expenses. That game, spearheaded by Milton Kutsher, became an annual tradition and was named the Maurice Stokes Memorial Basketball Game. It was later changed to the Maurice Stokes/Wilt Chamberlain Celebrity Pro-Am Golf Tournament due to NBA and insurance company restrictions regarding athletes.

Stokes' life, injury, and relationship with Twyman are all depicted in the 1973 National General Pictures film Maurie.

NBA Twyman-Stokes Teammate of the Year Award
On June 9, 2013, the NBA announced that both Stokes and Jack Twyman would be honored with an annual award in their names, the Twyman–Stokes Teammate of the Year Award, which recognizes the player that embodies the league's ideal teammate that season.

The Maurice Stokes Athletics Center
The Maurice Stokes Athletics Center (originally called the Maurice Stokes Physical Education Building when it opened in 1971) on the St. Francis University campus is named after him.

title: Maurice Stokes


text:
Talk:Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

Northern hemisphere
First paragraph: "In its region, which covers most of the northern hemisphere," It think that's a bit misleading given China and India (for example) are in the northern hemisphere, and are not members. How about "much of the northern hemisphere"? And/or move the map higher up, above the index links.

I think this sentence should be deleted. It is false that it covers most of the northern hemisphere. Just confront the map with the one in the Northern Hemisphere article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.36.158.77 (talk) 18:43, 1 April 2014 (UTC)

Objections to Kazakhstan?
The article states "Kazakhstan is bidding to hold the Chairmanship in 2009, despite strong objections from the United States and the United Kingdom." Is there a source for this? What are the reasons for this objection? Is is based upon security, human rights or something else? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.183.100.8 (talk) 18:35, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

 * The objections were based on the fact that the Chairmanship is supposed to embody all the OSCE's values, including plurilateral democracy, freedom of the media, rule of law, etc. Kazakhstan's commitment to these values is tenuous at best, as the August 2007 elections revealed. Nonetheless a compromise has been agreed upon at the Madrid Ministerial, and Kazakhstan will now hold the Chairmanship in 2010.

Dmhaglund (talk) 09:32, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

map
maybe someone could include a map showing the member states?

Conventional Forces in Europe
The following text was merged into the section on history. The article has been deleted and redirected here. Ganymead 02:57, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe

Keen to gain international recognition of its sphere of interest and believing that such recognition would solidify its grip on its East European satellite states, the Soviet Union, beginning in the early 1970s, sponsored an initiative calling for the convening of a Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE). For the West, such meetings meant the possibility of tying the Soviet Union and its satellites to an international security system, thereby lessening tensions, furthering economic cooperation, and obtaining humanitarian improvements for the people of Eastern Europe. The first of the series of conferences opened in July 1973 in Helsinki and was attended by the foreign ministers of the thirty-five member states. At the conference's final meeting in 1975, the heads of state of all member countries were in attendance for the signing of the Final Act, or the Helsinki Accords.

As subsequent CSCE conferences showed, Soviet officials had totally underestimated the effect of the provisions for the exchange of information, which allowed for the unscrambled reception of Western media broadcasts within the geographic area of the Warsaw Pact countries. East Germans benefited especially from access to West German radio and television programs, which furnished previously unobtainable news about world events. Television viewers in the East also became aware of an obviously far superior standard of living in the West and developed a new awareness of the deficiencies of the communist regime, an awareness that fifteen years later led to the events that brought down that regime.

 * This should not have been merged. It appears to be a copyright violation from . --Anon 12:35, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

OSCEwatch
The external link to OSCEwatch looks inappropriate: this is a private group, with controversial (pro-russian) views. It seems that the only reason for the link is that OSCEwatch has 'OSCE' in its name.

Should we remove the link ?

OSCE Magazine and 2005 annual report
I am in regular receipt of the OSCE Magazine (whose subscription anyone in the participating states can request, gratis) and have just received the OSCE 2005 annual report. Perhaps I will add something later.... – Kaihsu 20:31, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

Coöperation — standardised and less awkward?
The website of OSCE says "Co-operation". Nearly no-one uses the spelling Coöperation and no English speaker is ever going to type it.

Sure it's cooler with the Heavy metal umlaut, but there's no real reason for it here. Please correct me if I'm wrong. --Amir E. Aharoni 06:38, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The “standardised” comment referred to my instituting the diaeretic spelling throughout the article, to conform with its use in the title. The three correct alternative ways to spell the single word expressing the same meaning as the phrase “joint operation” are (in alphabetical order) “co-operate”, “cooperate”, and “coöperate”; true, “awkward” is a subjective judgement, but if I may share with you my rationale for changing the spelling to the latter of the three, perhaps you will agree...

 * The reason for not using “cooperate” is fairly obvious; the typical pronunciation for ‘oo’ is /uː/, which leads some people to stumble over this word, as it is correctly pronounced /koʊˈɒ.pə.ɹeɪt/, and not /ˈkuː.pə.ɹeɪt/ — English is difficult enough to spell already without adding yet another exception.

 * Hyphens, I believe, are best done away with as soon as possible in single words, being most useful in making compound neologisms more readable. However, “co-operate” is certainly not a neologism, and is familiar to most people fluent in English; therefore, retaining the hyphen is unnecessary (except for the pronunciatory reason given above). Hyphenated single words, in my opinion, look awkward, and are made even worse when adding another affix; “co-operate” and “co-operative” may seem fine to you, but how about “unco-operative”?

 * Therefore, the best of both worlds is found in “coöperate”, which looks like a whole word (no problem with “uncoöperative”, for example), whilst avoiding the distracting pronunciation problems (at first, at least) of using a second unaccented ‘o’. The diaeresis in “coöperate” has the same function as the one in “naïve” (which without the diaeresis would be pronounced /neɪv/ instead of /næˈiːv/) — to indicate that the vowel pair are not a digraph.

 * True, a number of readers will be unfamiliar with the usage, so, if you want, I’ll add an explanatory sentence in italics with a link at the top of both pages that I’ve moved. What do you say? Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 10:44, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm all for Co-operation, because that's the form that the organization itself uses.
 * Manual of Style says that the spelling in the article should follow the culture of the article's subject. The subject here is OSCE, and the OSCE spells it co-operation.
 * And what about OECD? --Amir E. Aharoni 11:19, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Sorted. I suppose that you have a point. Although doesn’t that apply to color/colour and organisation/organization disputes? ~That is, in cases where the choice is entirely arbitrary, and there is no argument like the one above that can be given on either side?

 * Anyway, do you think the explanatory preface is necessary or not? Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 12:20, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, I do not think that the Manual of Style applies in this situation. This is a functional, non-partisan spelling. Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 12:31, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia could make hundreds of obfuscatory changes to its spelling practices to make English spelling "less awkward", sure, but it's just an unnecessary idiosyncracy of Wikipedia style that editors would have to follow and that readers would be clueless on. There's hardly any publication still around (the New Yorker being an exception) that uses diaereses for assimilated English words like cooperate. At best it was a fad practice, probably based on the model of French.

 * Performing a Google search for cooperation in theory returns every instance of cooperation, co-operation, and coöperation—but if you perform the search you'll have to go back at least a dozen pages before you hit coöperation. People just don't use it anymore, and readers are therefore not used to seeing it. It's the product of the same sort of pointless pedantry that insists, for example, of keeping the ligature in œsophagus or the circumflex on rôle. Strad 04:20, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I support the move to "co-operation" for the reasons above. Peter O. (Talk) 00:30, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

 * If there are no objections I will move the page back and remove the diaereses around 00:00 18 September UTC Strad 15:45, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

I object. Strad’s objection centres on readers’ unfamiliarity with this use of the diaeresis; this is remedied if the abovementioned explanatory preface is added. I will add such a preface very soon (a few hours’ time at most). No one has yet repudiated my argument as to the functional superiority of the diaeretic spelling of coöperate, as well as others. Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 23:04, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

 * An explanation is just unnecessary and irrelevant clutter. The far more elegant solution is to use accepted spellings (which function perfectly fine, since everyone uses them) instead of trying to impose pet spellings and then having to explain them to everyone. Strad 23:33, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The explanatory preamble has been added. I fail to see how it clutters the article any more than the disambiguation link already does. Anyway, why the objection to educating people? Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 00:00, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

 * You have not adequately answered my defences and criticisms; therefore, I am moving the article back. Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 00:17, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

 * WP:ASR. —Ruud 00:23, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

Discussion area for the request for the movement of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe to Organization for Security and Coöperation in Europe

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

no move. --  tariq abjotu  13:31, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

Requested move
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe → Organization for Security and Coöperation in Europe – All the reasons are given on the article’s talk page and at WP:WODS; for some reason, I am unable to move the article (although I have done so twice) —Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 00:59, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

Survey
Add "* Support" or "* Oppose" followed by an optional one-sentence explanation, then sign your opinion with ~

 * Support — Reasons given above and at WP:WODS. Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 01:01, 18 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose. No-one except the New Yorker uses diaeretic spellings. Strad 01:07, 18 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose. OSCE uses the hyphenated spelling. Both US and UK dictionaries only list "cooperate" and "co-operate". —Ruud 01:16, 18 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose per Ruud. It's what OSCE uses. TJ Spyke 02:32, 18 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose per Ruud. --Amir E. Aharoni 05:05, 18 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose per Ruud. Gary 15:36, 18 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose obsolete practice that has long fallen by the wayside in standard English writing of this word, even if it weren't a proper name issue. Gene Nygaard 18:03, 18 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Peter O. (Talk) 05:07, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

Discussion
It strikes me that the proposed spelling is not a fitting subject for debate; it's just plain old wrong. If OSCE spelled it Organiszashunne for Sekyooritee and Cooperashun in Yoo-Rope then that would be the appropriate article title, not any of our spellings, no matter how superior they were, no matter how well explained they were. This may qualify for Lamest edit wars. Gary 15:36, 18 September 2006 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

CSCE vs. OSCE: Problem with Redirect
The acronym 'CSCE' currently redirects here, but this shouldn't be the case (I'm not entirely sure how to fix it). While the CSCE, or Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, is closely related to the OSCE it is actually a US Government agency that helps 'monitor and encourage compliance with the agreements of the OSCE' and is not, in fact, the same thing as the OSCE. If someone could fix this, it would be appreciated. --The Way 06:38, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

OK, I've had a go at this. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe is now a new stub page, please help expand it. CSCE was already an acronym page, which I've added Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe to. That page also mentions something called "Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe". Should the OSCE page mention Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe somewhere on it? Francis Irving 07:31, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Work in Progress
Please note the Activities section is not complete. It is quite a large undertaking. I will have the rest of it very shortly. Please bear with me as I continue to add segments. Buffadren 09:59, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

Section 2 inserted outlining the ecomonic / environmental activities, I will finish this in a few days,Buffadren 15:10, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

 * All activities sections finished.Buffadren 18:57, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

Criticism of OSCE
Much like the United Nations an organisation like the OSCE cannot exist without some critiicism. I have inserted a section of some more noted criticisms in recent times and ongoing. It is not my intention to criticise the excellent work of the OSCE.We cannot ignore the negatives either. Buffadren 20:03, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

 * It is important to address all aspects, just as it is important to understand that much of the criticism coming from certain countries is motivated by a clear agenda - namely, to reduce the OSCE institutions' independence and gain more direct control over them, so as to limit those institutions' criticism of said countries' human rights situations. I have rewritten the criticism section to make it more clear that these criticisms (by no means all the flaws of the OSCE) are only the ones raised by the Russian-led CIS states, and are not in some way generally accepted shortcomings, but rather strongly resisted by all liberal democracies in the organization. Dmhaglund (talk) 09:53, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

Field Missions
This article needs a section on Field Missions, and the controversy they have generated. I might get around to it but if anyone else can write it please do so. For that matter it could also use a separate section on the independent institutions (ODIHR, National Minorities, Freedom of Media, etc).Dmhaglund (talk) 09:56, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

Criticism
There is no need to say Putin's Russia. Just Russia will suffice. Otherwise you need to say Bush's US. Insertions like (read, the US) are unnecessary. This is just the writer's point of view.

 * I removed "(read, the US)" from the section; that's too much editorial. "Putin's Russia" is on the edge, I think, but it could be interpreted to mean his administration.  I doubt that was the intent but someone else can take the initiative on that one.

 * I'm of the opinion that if it's in parentheses, it's a little too colorful for an encyclopedia article. If it's not significant enough to get its own sentence, chances are it doesn't belong in the article.  Rather than having (the "Orange Revolution") in parentheses after referring to events in Ukraine in 2004, I'd think it to be better just to have "the events in Ukraine in 2004" link to the relevant Wikipedia page.  Those who know about what happened in Ukraine in 2004 don't need the note, and those who don't know about it could click on it and find out.

 * It seems, though, that usually it's commentary like "(read, the US)" which has no place at all here. Commentary, regardless of how valid it may or may not be, doesn't belong in an encyclopedia article.  Get a blog; call your local radio station; write a letter to the editor; whatever else. (What Wikipedia is not)

 * That's my two cents, at least. --Jdkkp (talk) 01:10, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

History
"These talks were held at the suggestion of the Soviet Union which wished to use the talks to maintain its control over the communist countries in Eastern Europe. Western Europe, however, saw these talks as a way to reduce the tension in the region, furthering economic cooperation and obtaining humanitarian improvements for the populations of the Communist bloc."

Propaganda at its best. Actually the it was the suggestion of the USSR to hold the talks to "reduce the tension in the region", and Western Europe agreed. That is all. Clearly USSR could not have invited western countries to the talks saying that it "wishes to use the talks to maintain its control over the communist countries in Eastern Europe".

First of all, the above entries in this history section of the discussion page are not signed, but they are not mine. My point is that I think that in most WP articles the history section comes quite high up in the running order of sections and often it is the first section. I think that the history section comes way down too low in the running order of sections. Does anyone see any reason why I should not promote it up to that spot?--Tom (talk) 12:49, 9 December 2008 (UTC)

New first sentence
Hi. I replaced the first sentence because the OSCE (an organization that I've done some work for) is not primarily concerned with "political dialogue" - whatever that is. It's a security organization first and foremost, as the OSCE declares on its home page. I don't know how to insert a link for "intergovernmental organizations," so if you can do it, please insert the link. Thanks! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Isoruku (talk • contribs) 01:29, 26 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Although concerned a great deal with security, Human Rights was a HUGE deal when the CSCE began its first talks (i.e., the CCCP didn't want a human dimension but agreed to it as an afterthought). Signing an agreement requiring 'democratization' and more freedoms had an affect on the latter years of the Soviet Union. Also, the wording kind of down-plays the OSCE one of the premiere election monitoring organizations in the world...Neil618 (talk) 05:14, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

Fiscal history
I noticed budget figures are given in euros for early 1990s before euro came into existence. Were the figures in ECUs or where they converted from another currency like US dollars (if so at what rates?) or at the fixed rate of a former eurzone currency like the Deutschmark? Kingal86 (talk) 22:34, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

FR Yugoslavia aka Serbia
Changed the info on Serbia which acceeded to the OSCE in 2000 as FR Yugoslavia. This country signed both the Paris Charter and the Helsinki Final Act a couple of weeks later. Source: http://www.mfa.gov.yu/Policy/Multilaterala/OEBS/oebs_e.html

''The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia became a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe on November 10, 2000. At the Meeting of the OSCE Ministerial Council in Vienna (November 27, 2000), the president of the FRY, Vojislav Koštunica, signed the basic documents of OSCE (the Helsinki Final Act, the Paris Charter and the Istanbul Document) whereby the FRY accepted all norms, standards and commitments deriving from these documents. ''

--RedZebra (talk) 07:37, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

List of Chairmen-in-Office

 * Hans-Dietrich Genscher, West Germany, 1991-06/1991-12
 * Jiři Dienstbier, Czechoslovakia, 1992-01-01/1992-07-02; Jozef Moravčik, Czechoslovakia, 1992-07-03/1992-12-31
 * Margaretha af Ugglas, Sweden, 1993
 * Beniamino Andreatta, Italy, 1994-01-01/1994-05-11; Antonio Martino, Italy, 1994-05-12/1994-12-31
 * László Kovács, Hungary, 1995
 * Flavio Cotti, Switzerland, 1996
 * Niels Helveg Petersen, Denmark, 1997
 * Bronislaw Geremek, Poland, 1998
 * Knut Vollebæk, Norway, 1999
 * Wolfgang Schüssel, Austria, 2000-01-01/2000-02-04; Benita Ferrero-Waldner, Austria, 2000-02-05/2000-12-31
 * Mircea Dan Geoana, Romania, 2001
 * Jaime Gama, Portugal, 2002-01-01/2002-04-06; Antonio Martins da Cruz, 2002-04-07/2002-12-31
 * Jaap de Hoop Scheffer, 2003-01-01/2003-12-03; Bernard Rudolf Bot, 2003-12-04/2003-12-31
 * Solomon Passy, Bulgaria, 2004
 * Dimitrij Rupel, Slovenia, 2005
 * Karel De Gucht, Belgium, 2006
 * Miguel Ángel Moratinos, Spain, 2007
 * Ilkka Kanerva, Finland, 2008-01-01/2008-04-04; Alex Stubb, Finland, 2008-04-05/2008-12-31
 * Dora Bakoyannis, Greece, 2009-01-01/2009-10-05; George Papandreou (junior), 2009-10-06/2009-12-31
 * Kanat Saudabayev, Kazakhstan, 2010

(Source: OSCE Magazine, issue number 4/2009, December 2009, pages 20–23.) – Kaihsu (talk) 14:53, 23 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks to Airsplit for sorting things out. – Kaihsu (talk) 11:22, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

 * And to Kaihsu for putting in those dates, making a simpler layout more sensible :-) --Airsplit (talk) 18:04, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

Wrong reference
Ref 13 is to the 2004 US election, not the 2008 one - and the OSCE URL is out of date (though it still redirects). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.234.3.76 (talk) 10:47, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

Macedonia
Did Macedonia sign the Paris Charter and Helsinki final act as part of Yugoslavia? If so why not consider it as signed for that country? If not can Macedonia still sign it? Explain on this.

Confusing UN reference removed
God knows why, but there was something in the second paragraph about the OSCE being an ad hoc organization under the definition of the UN Charter chapter VIII blah, blah. This is very confusing to readers since it can imply some sort of connection between the OSCE and the UN, which of course does not exist. It further could be taken to mean that some sort of approval from the UN was needed before the OSCE could be established. The CSCE and OSCE did not go running to the UN before creating itself.

Bringing in the UN in this way thus taints the OSCE and its work in the eyes of people who are already paranoid about the UN. This is happening today in the US (Oct 27, 2012) with a number of news agencies and lazy reporters writing that the OSCE is a "UN affiliated" or "UN sanctioned" body. (The context is the statement by the Texas Attorney General that he may arrest OSCE observers in the US for "interfering" with the US presidential election.) Thus the incorrect and misleading UN connection just pours gasoline on the fire.

My guess is that the first American reporter to report this non-existent link between the two organizations first read Wikipedia. So I've deleted the erroneous UN reference.

It was added in July, apparently - maybe by someone who wanted to display his command of irrelevant information (UN Charter section VIII)...

(And for those of you are wondering, chapter VIII merely states that the UN's existence does not preclude the establishment of regional security bodies. Thus, it's like saying that NATO or the Shanghai Cooperation Organization are somehow connected with or sanctioned by the UN. And I'm hoping that nobody wrote in the NATO Wikipedia article that it too is an ad hoc organization established under the auspices of UN Charter chapter VIII blah blah...") — Preceding unsigned comment added by Isoruku (talk • contribs) 15:10, 25 October 2012 (UTC)

Georgia and Ukraine
Why is there no reference to the Georgian-Ossetian-Russian War in 2008? The OSCE had been on the ground monitoring until the war's outbreak and subsequent removal from South Ossetia and Abkhazia by Russia.

Also, having military observers captured and held prisoner by pro-Russians in east Ukraine would be important to mention as it highlights the activities the Organization is attempting to monitor and the difficulties they face.

If minor things like the Texas government getting angry but not acting are important enough to add to the OSCE page, shouldn't these two rather major events where the OSCE has been affected be important enough? Neil618 (talk) 15:09, 5 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Good points. Would you like to add something? bobrayner (talk) 22:36, 8 May 2014 (UTC)

That entry only shows how stupid some texans can be, it have no other reason to be there.200.48.214.19 (talk) 20:59, 11 June 2014 (UTC)

Allegations of pro-Russian bias ENGLISH SOURCES
There needs to be more English sources in the section "Allegations of pro-Russian bias (2014)", out of all of them the only one that is English requires paid registration. I'm going to attempt to pose as a journalist to gain access, but this is profoundly ridiculous, being that this is the ENGLISH-LANGUAGE WIKIPEDIA site, there NEEDS TO BE MORE ENGLISH SOURCES for this section. Immediately. --AbBaZoRkZoG — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.191.233.59 (talk) 17:10, 5 December 2014 (UTC)

2015 updates, and a hello from the Organization
Hi, I’m Jonny, an editor from the Communication and Media Relations Section of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. We’d like to stimulate Wikipedia editors to help improve the quality of information of our main page here, as well as some related pages.

If anyone has any advice or guidance on attracting editors to pages about us, we’d really welcome it, so feel free to write to me here.

I should say at the outset that we have no problem with criticism of the Organization, and do not seek to generate a more positive image of the Organization in this way – but merely correct factual inaccuracies, and improve the quality of information available about the Organization generally. I will be posting specific issues we think need to be addressed on the talk pages of content about us. In line with WP:CONFLICT I will not be editing any pages directly.

To this end, I’d like to suggest the following edits:

In the first paragraph, it is stated that: "It has 550 staff at its headquarters in Vienna, Austria, and 2,300 field staff." We have updated our staffing numbers: "It has some 400 staff at its headquarters in Vienna, Austria, and 2,100 field staff, along with 200 staff in its institutions." Citation: http://www.osce.org/who/86

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe#History A citation is requested for the 'blue book'. Here it is: http://www.osce.org/mc/40213

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe#Legal_Status Where is says "the OSCE Final Act" - this should be "the Helsinki Final Act"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe#Structure_and_institutions Update of paragraph and clarification on role of Ambassadors (Not all OSCE ambassadors are the ambassador to Austria as well): The chairperson of the Permanent Council is the ambassador to the Organization of the participating State which holds the chairmanship. From 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2015 the Chairman-in-Office is Minister for Foreign Affairs of Serbia, Ivica Dačić, who succeeded Swiss Foreign Minister Didier Burkhalter.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe#Structure_and_institutions ODIHR is headed by Michael Georg Link. (This is correct in the info panel.)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe#Structure_and_institutions We're missing a whole institution here, the High Commissioner on National Minorities (HCNM). I suggest the following text which is simply taken from the wiki page on HCNM: "Created on July 8, 1992 by the Helsinki Summit Meeting of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, the High Commissioner on National Minorities is charged with identifying and seeking early resolution of ethnic tension that might endanger peace, stability or friendly relations between participating states."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe#Secretary_General The language is a little unclear here, and a description of the role of the SG is missing. I propose: "The incumbent of this post acts as the representative of the Chairperson-in-Office, and as the OSCE's chief administrative officer. Secretaries General of the OSCE since the post was created in 1992:" Citation: http://www.osce.org/sg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe#Chairmanship Troika para needs updating: "The 2015 Troika consists of the current CiO, Serbian Foreign Minister Ivica Dačić; the former CiO, Head of the Swiss Department of Foreign Affairs Didier Burkhalter; and incoming CiO, German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe#Fiscal_history 2015 figure can be added: 141,1 million euros. Citation is here: http://www.osce.org/node/133966

-That's it for now. I hope this is useful for Wikipedia Editors! Jonny - OSCE Editor (talk) 12:28, 12 March 2015 (UTC)
 * That looks like a big improvement. Go ahead! (I'm sorry for not replying earlier) bobrayner (talk) 13:15, 25 April 2015 (UTC)

 * Thanks Bob - sadly I'm unable to edit myself due to WP:CONFLICT. I'd appreciate it if you or any other editors would be able to go through them and make appropriate edits. Jonny - OSCE Editor (talk) 08:29, 5 May 2015 (UTC)
 * I've updated the staffing figures, Jonny - OSCE Editor. Thanks for the info. Cordless Larry (talk) 18:54, 5 May 2015 (UTC)

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RfC about the map in the Participating states section
Slovak and Czech republic were non-signatory states in 2012 ?

"With respect to other international treaties the Czechs and Slovaks agreed to honour the treaty obligations of Czechoslovakia. The Slovaks transmitted a letter to the Secretary General of the United Nations on 19 May 1993 expressing their intent to remain a party to all treaties signed and ratified by Czechoslovakia, and to ratify those treaties signed but not ratified before dissolution of Czechoslovakia. This letter acknowledged that under international law all treaties signed and ratified by Czechoslovakia would remain in force."

Marián Habrun (talk) 16:15, 25 January 2017 (UTC)

 * If that refers to a specific act, the yellow colour may be appropriate. If it refers to the OSCE as a whole, then both the Czech Republic and Slovakia have individually ratified it at a later point. So the question is, what exactly did they ratify? I can't find sources on it, although oddly this page doesn't mention it. CMD (talk) 11:28, 3 February 2017 (UTC)

 * The legend below the picture says "signed Helsinki Final Act only" next to the green colored square. I only found piece of the puzzle:
 * "The Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, which opened at Helsinki on 3 July 1973 and continued at Geneva from 18 September 1973 to 21 July 1975, was concluded at Helsinki on 1 August 1975 by the High Representatives of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, the German Democratic Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany, Greece, the Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and Yugoslavia."
 * "Every European country except Albania signed the Act, in addition to the United States and Canada."
 * Marián Habrun (talk) 01:47, 6 February 2017 (UTC)
 * Thank you, Marián Habrun. I find the current map, its name, and its legend unnecessarily obscure. If a map is required, I suggest that one simply showing the participating states and the partners for cooperation would be more helpful. Details of which state signed what when are provided with adequate clarity in the table. There is a simpler map on Wikimedia Commons at File:OSCE members and partners.png, which we could use instead. OSCE members and partners.png

 * Does anyone agree or disagree? --Frans Fowler (talk) 03:49, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

Table
On the members' table, it gives three cells to the far right naming the capital, the currency and the language/s. How is this helpful for the purpose of listing OSCE members and what would be lost if it were to be removed? --Edin Balgarin (talk) 17:04, 11 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I don't think those columns add anything (OK, language, maybe, but not the capital or currency),, and would support their removal. Cordless Larry (talk) 16:08, 15 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Thanks Larry. Somehow I doubt there would be a great deal of protest if we went ahead but I'll gladly hold on for one more supporting opinion then we can say for all eventuality that there is some consensus. --Edin Balgarin (talk) 09:03, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * You could wait forever for that, . You have already gone beyond what is required by raising this on the talk page and waiting for objections. See WP:BRD. Cordless Larry (talk) 21:12, 29 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I also support the removal of the capital, currency, and language columns--Frans Fowler (talk) 03:12, 17 March 2018 (UTC) (But I'm not good at editing tables and I could not do it cleanly.)--Frans Fowler (talk) 04:35, 2 April 2018 (UTC)

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subsection 11.3 war in donbass
contains a paragraph starting with "During the War in Donbass, an OSCE observer allowed Russian separatists to use"...

-it would be better to place the link to the separate War in Donbass article directly under the subsection title instead of redundantly telling in the text that the described event took place during the war in donbass (and having the link in the redundant text). 89.134.199.32 (talk) 20:38, 1 November 2020 (UTC).

wikitable for priorities/agenda with Participating States
Hi I created a wikitable subsection for more info on OSCE priorities or agenda with Participating States. Article can do better to give info on the country-specific priorities, as not all have same relationship with OSCE. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe#Bilateral_Priorities_with_Participating_States --BenjaminK0 (talk) 07:38, 20 April 2021 (UTC)

Serbia vs Czechia and Slovakia
Why is Serbia listed as a signatory bcs of former Yugoslavia while Czechia and Slovakia are not listed as signatories bcs of former Czechoslovakia? WikiHannibal (talk) 07:43, 24 April 2022 (UTC)


text:
Jacaraípe, Espírito Santo

Jacaraípe is a district of Serra, a municipality of the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Considered part of the greater Vitória Region, it is now a suburb of Vitória, the state capital. Many of the streets in the center of town are named after Brazilian states. Jacaraípe was once a fishing village on the mouth of the Jacaraípe River, which is the run-off from Jacaraípe Lake, it has now grown into a large beachfront suburb.

Sports such as beach soccer, beach volleyball, surfing, bodyboard, paragliding, cycling and swimming are popular in the area. Jacaraípe has a local artistic community, an Arts' Village called "Vila das Artes", where local artists display their arts. There, a variety of original sculptures made of repurposed materials are exhibited.

title: Jacaraípe, Espírito Santo


text:
Paul Laffoley

Paul Laffoley (August 14, 1935 – November 16, 2015) was an American visionary artist and architect from Boston, Massachusetts.

Biography
Paul Laffoley was born on August 14, 1935, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to an Irish Catholic family. His father, Paul Laffoley, Sr., was president of the Cambridge Trust Company, and a lawyer who taught classes at Harvard Business School. The elder Laffoley indoctrinated Paul, Jr. with his own religious philosophical beliefs, including aspects of Buddhism and Hinduism and what he called "mind-physics", but opposed Laffoley's pursuit of painting as a career. Laffoley, Sr. also taught Paul that there was "no gravity".

Laffoley wrote that his first spoken word was "Constantinople" at the age of six months. He did not speak again until he was four years old. As a child, he was diagnosed as having Asperger's Syndrome. According to Laffoley, he attended the progressive Mary Lee Burbank School in Belmont, Massachusetts, where his talent as a draftsman was ridiculed by his abstract expressionist teachers. After further studies at the Waldorf School, Laffoley would complete undergraduate studies at Brown University, graduating in 1961 with honors in classics, philosophy, and art history. While at Brown in 1961, according to his "Phenomenology of Revelation", Laffoley was given eight electroshock treatments after the termination of "about a year of weekly sessions with a psychiatrist, who had treated [him] for a mild state of catatonia"

In 1961, he enrolled at the Harvard Graduate School of Design, where he studied architecture because it consisted of diagrams that rendered objects in space with accuracy and precision. He also studied sculpture at Harvard's Carpenter Center with Mirko Basaldella whom he cited as an early influence. After one year, he was summarily expelled from GSD by the faculty for being "overly involved in his work". By chance, Laffoley was given an issue of Progressive Architecture by his uncle with Frederick Kiesler on the cover. Laffoley felt Kiesler's work was what he had been searching for and, after writing 17 letters, Laffoley went to New York and successfully entered an apprenticeship with Kiesler While canvasing the art scene in New York, Laffoley met Andy Warhol, who offered him a place to sleep at his 87th Street fire station if he would report on late night television between 1 and 5 am. It was from watching these Indian Head Test Patterns, along with his early exposure to a Hindu tutor, that Laffoley would arrive at a format for his large scale paintings that would dominate his work for five decades. On weekdays during this period, Laffoley found employment with Emery Roth & Sons where he worked on the plans for the yet to be built World Trade Center Towers before being terminated upon his suggestion of bridges joining the two buildings.

After the death of his father in 1963, Laffoley returned to Boston and eventually established his first dedicated studio space, at 36 Bromfield Street, on Christmas Day, 1968. It was there that Paul's career began to "connect" with an early show at the Orson Welles Theater, which was "hijacked" and taken to the Woodstock Music Festival for presentation by Dean Gitter, without Laffoley's permission. In an effort to recover his work, Paul took the bus to Woodstock, which exposed him to the then-current countercultures of the day. This was followed by numerous exhibition opportunities and curatorial projects that lead to the creation of his Boston Visionary Cell (1971). The Boston Visionary Cell, which Paul Laffoley founded on the model of an artists' guild, was a highly communal and curatorial undertaking. The charter of the Boston Visionary Cell underscores Laffoley's thought processes "to develop and advance visionary art".

By the late 1980s, Laffoley began to evolve from the spiritual and the intellectual to the view of his work as an interactive, physically engaging psychotronic device, perhaps similar to architectural monuments such as Stonehenge or the Cathedral of Notre Dame and their spiritual aura. Works such as Thanaton III (1989), The Orgone Motor (1983), and the Geochronmechane: The Time Machine from Earth (1990) followed this concept.

After the destruction of the World Trade Center towers in the September 11 attacks, Laffoley was one of a number of architects who, in 2002, submitted designs for the competition to plan the Freedom Tower. Laffoley took his inspiration from the work of Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí. His conception was to plan a gigantic hotel in the style of Gaudí's Sagrada Família church in Barcelona.

After the Austin Museum of Art organized a traveling survey of his career in 1999, Laffoley became something of a cult figure for curators around the world. The Palais de Tokyo in Paris devoted an entire room to his work in its 2009 exhibition "Chasing Napoleon", and several of his works were included in "The Alternative Guide to the Universe" at the Hayward Gallery in London in 2013. Other major shows include Premonitions of the Bauharoque at the Henry Art Gallery, Seattle (publication), Secret Garden at the Hamburger Bahnhof, Berlin (publication), and the recent monograph entitled The Essential Paul Laffoley edited by Douglas Walla and published by the University of Chicago Press in Spring 2016.

In 2001, Laffoley was badly injured in a fall. Complications from diabetes led to his right leg being amputated below the knee; at Laffoley's request, Stan Winston made him a custom prosthetic which resembled a lion's paw (because Laffoley was a Leo).

About
Following his formal education in the classics at Brown and architectural studies at Harvard, Laffoley began to assimilate and systematically cross-pollinate his related strands of intellectual inquiry. In a search for expanded opportunities, he went to New York in 1963 to work with the visionary artist and architect Frederick Kiesler, and was also recruited to view late-night TV for Andy Warhol in exchange for a place to sleep.

At that time, Laffoley had been painting in the basement of his family home in Belmont on the weekends, completing his first fully mature vision: The Kali-Yuga: The End of the Universe at 424826 A.D. From this point forward, Laffoley began to formulate his unique trans-disciplinary approach to a new discipline combining, philosophy, science, architecture and spirituality to the practice of painting. Laffoley first began to organize his ideas in a format related to eastern mandalas, partially inspired by the late night patterns he watched for Warhol on late night television. This quickly developed into four general subcategories of paintings: operating systems, psychotronic devices, meta-energy, time travel, and lucid dreaming. Conceived of as "structured singularities", Laffoley never works in series, but rather approaches each project as a unique schematic. Working in a solitary lifestyle, each 73 ½ x 73 ½ inch canvas would take up to three years to paint and code. By the late 1980s, Laffoley began to move from the spiritual and the intellectual, to the view of his work as an interactive, physically engaging psychotronic device, a modern approach to trans-disciplinary enlightenment and its spiritual aura.

From an early age, Laffoley manifested an obsessive interest in UFOs. He had seen the movie The Day the Earth Stood Still 873 times. He explains that his obsessive interest in the film derives partly from a fascination with the architecture of the space ship in the film which, early on in his life, was subconscious. While he was still a child he made a vow to become an architect so that he could design flying saucers, although he did not become a registered architect until he was 50 years of age.

"Two years later, in preparation for a major oral surgery, I was subjected to a routine cat-scan of my head. As a result, a miniature metallic-like 'implant' was discovered in my brain near the pineal gland. A local chapter of MUFON (Mutual UFO Network) declared it to be a 'nanotechnological laboratory' capable of accelerating or retarding my brain activity.  I have come to believe that the implant is extraterrestrial in origin and is the main motivation of my ideas and theories."

Work
Painted on large canvases, the majority of Paul Laffoley's paintings, combine words and imagery to depict a spiritual architecture of explanation that addressed concepts like dimensionality, time travel (through 'hacking' relativity), connection of conceptual threads shared by philosophers through the millennia, and theories about the cosmic origins of mankind.

Laffoley's writings as well as works of art were published in May 2016 by the University of Chicago Press in a new book entitled The Essential Paul Laffoley edited and texts by Douglas Walla, with further texts by Linda Dalywimple Henderson, Arielle Saiber and Steven Moskowitz.

British writer Michael Bracewell, in his collection of essays entitled When Surface was Depth observed: "If Laffoley's work within the Boston Visionary Cell can be said to have one principal preoccupation - a common denominator of his eclectic scholarship and practice - then that preoccupation would be to understand the process by which one goes from becoming to being." Bracewell has also written that, "The Boston Visionary Cell, as a concretized manifestation of its inhabitant's work and preoccupations, describes the way in which a chaos of data - no less than a chaos of marble - can be sculpted by research to release the perfect forms within it."

The Estate of Paul Laffoley is represented by Kent Fine Art in New York.

Death
Laffoley died on November 16, 2015, in South Boston, Massachusetts, of congestive heart failure.

Exhibitions

 * The Force Structure of the Mystical Experience. New York: Kent Fine Art, 2015.
 * Chasing Napoleon. Paris: Palais de Tokyo, 2009.
 * Architectonic Thought-Forms: Gedankenexperiemente in Zombe Aesthetics. A Survey of the Visionary Art of Paul Laffoley.  Texas: Austin Museum of Art, 1999.
 * Paul Laffoley: Secret Universe. Berlin: Hamburger Bahnhof, 2012.
 * The Alternative Guide to the Universe. London: Hayward Gallery, 2013.
 * Paul Laffoley: The Boston Visionary Cell. New York: Kent Fine Art, 2013.
 * Paul Laffoley: Premonitions of the Bauharoque. Seattle: Henry Art Gallery, 2013.

Major works

 * The Kali-Yuga: the End of the Universe at 424826 A.D. (1965)
 * The Cosmos Falls into the Chaos as Shakti Urborosi: The Elimination of Value Systems by Spectrum Analysis (1965)
 * The Ecstasy of Revulsion (1966)
 * The World Self (1967)
 * I, Robur, Master of the World (1968)
 * The Visionary Art Process (1969)
 * The Final Descent From Hyparxis (1970)
 * The Promethean Sinner (1970)
 * The Visionary Point (1970)
 * Utopia: Time Cast As A Voyage (1974)
 * Alchemy: The Telenomic Process of the Universe (1974)
 * Temporality: The Great Within of the Universe (1974)
 * The Visionary Artist’s Studio (1974)
 * Get Thee Behind Me, Satan (1974–1983)
 * The Third Living Creature (1975)
 * The Kyklos of Hermocrates (1975)
 * Black-White Hole: the Force of the History of the Universe to Produce Total Non-Existence (1976)
 * The Secret of Life Lies in Death (1976)
 * The Living Klein Bottle House of Time (1976)
 * The Comet Kohoutek (1976)
 * The Renovation Mundi (1977)
 * A Proposal For A Pinball Museum (1978)
 * Cosmolux (1981)
 * The Orgone Motor (1982)
 * Color Breathing (1983)
 * Thanaton III (1989)
 * Geochronmechane: The Time Machine from the Earth (1990)
 * It Came From Beneath Space: Lucid Dream Number 52 (1991)
 * The Solitron (1997)
 * Dimensionality: The Manifestation of Fate (1999)
 * After Gaudi: A Grand Hotel for New York City (2002)
 * Pickman's Mephitic Models (2004)
 * The Myth of the Zeit-Geist (2013)

Books and monographs

 * Laffoley, Paul, edited and texts by Douglas Walla, with essays by Linda Dalrymple Henderson, Arielle Saiber and Steve Moskowitz. "The Essential Paul Laffoley" Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 2016
 * Laffoley, Paul, and Jeanne M. Wasilik. "The Phenomenology of Revelation". New York: Kent Fine Art, 1989. ISBN 978-1878607058
 * Laffoley, P. (1999). Architectonic Thought Forms: a Survey of the Art of Paul Laffoley 1967–1999. Austin, TX: Austin Museum of Fine Art.
 * Paul Laffoley: Secret Universe. Walther König, Köln, 2012. ISBN 978-3863350888 (catalog)
 * Croquer, Luis. (2013) "Paul Laffoley: Premonitions of the Bauharoque". Seattle: Henry Art Gallery. ISBN 978-0-935558-52-4
 * Laffoley, Paul. (2016) "The Essential Paul Laffoley: Works from the Boston Visionary Cell." Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226315416

Interviews

 * The Viking Youth Power Hour interview Paul at the Esozone, August 11, 2007
 * February 12, 2007. 3 hour interview on Mike Hagan's "RadiOrbit" show. Very broad range of topics covered including Laffoley's early life, working on the World Trade Center in the 1970s, developing his time travel theories, the Raelians, Buckminster Fuller, nanotechnology, living architecture and 2012. Link to archived MP3 stream of full 3 hour interview:
 * 2001 Thanaton III produced for Channel 4. (original broadcast January 28, 2001. Interviewed by Richard Metzger)
 * 1999 Pseudo.com Online Network interview with Richard Metzger of The Disinformation Company
 * 1998 The Mystery of Genius (two part series) for the Arts & Entertainment Channel produced by Robert Fiveson. (broadcast in 1999). interviewed by John Metherell
 * 1997 Paul Laffoley on the Time Machine, Strange Universe (original broadcast September 10, 1997). interviewed by Alisyn Camerota

Notable public collections

 * Addison Gallery of American Art, Andover, MA
 * Austin Museum of Art, Austin, TX
 * Brockton Museum of Art, Brockton, MA
 * Continental Can Corporation, NY
 * First National Bank of Chicago, Chicago, IL
 * Grand Rapids Art Museum, Grand Rapids, MI
 * Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington D.C.
 * Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA
 * Ruth and Marvin Sackner Archive of Concrete and Visual Poetry, Miami, FL
 * Pérez Art Museum Miami, FL
 * Tufts New England Medical Center, Boston, MA
 * American Visionary Art Museum, Baltimore, MD
 * American Folk Art Museum, New York, NY
 * DeCordova Sculpture Park and Museum, Lincoln, MA
 * Henry Art Gallery, Seattle, WA

title: Paul Laffoley


text:
Talk:Prague Metro

Would anyone mind if this article were separated into two? On the one hand, because the information about most other metros around the world are arranged in double articles: a Main article and a List of stations (see List of metro systems). On the other hand, because the list of stations is actually a different type of information (i.e. which is not usually read from the first letter to the last) so it would be more fitting in a different article to the basic one which could be read through.

Adam78 12:19, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Good idea, IMO, done it :). Matt 13:30, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

First of all I would like to say hello to all here, second about your article and the List of station, have a look at how we went about in Moscow and Kiev Also I want to create a megaportal about the metro systems in the former USSR and of course eastern european systems which were built by similar technology would be welcomed if we were to add them here as well. Best of Luck Kuban kazak 20:36, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

Capitalization
Shouldn't the name be Prague metro or Metro in Prague? Prague metro system has no proper name. "Metro" is considered as a generic term here. --ŠJů (talk) 12:07, 17 January 2011 (UTC)

Mistakes in the article
- During the floods 2002, the service was much more limited than described in the article. Trains Dejvická - Malostranská were not operating, for example. - 8171 was operating on all lines, not only B. Where else would the reconstructed trains 8171M come from? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.176.120.129 (talk) 20:38, 25 May 2015 (UTC)

Metro Line B hard to see on network map
Although Metro Lines A and C are clearly visible on the network map, Line B is very hard to see as the yellow line blends in with the light brown shades of the map. J I P | Talk 14:45, 2 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Prague Metro


text:
Talk:Anti-WEF protests in Switzerland, January 2003

it should maybe be noted that "holy cow" is a current metaphor in switzerland, refering to anything considered above criticism, without evoking Judaism. The Swiss Army, for example, was frequently called, and portrayed as, a "holy cow". dab (ᛏ) 12:19, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * In English, too; c.f. Holy cow, or better yet, Sacred cow. Lupo 14:57, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Dieter, I didn't have much time to research, and I won't have much time over the weekend either. What follows is all by memory, will need to be backed by research (a trip to the library will be necessary, as the on-line archives of both the Tages-Anzeiger and the Berner Zeitung are pay-per-view, and most of the available on-line info is from anti-WEF groups). In general, I think this needs more background, and the discussion on the picture takes up half of the article, which is too much. The latter point I'd try to address by expanding the rest of the article, not by cutting down on the image discussion. Here are some assorted ideas; will have to be put into context.

 * The lock-down over the Prättigau and Davos needs to be explaind more. This also needs some context: Swiss authorities overplayed it (or just followed a hard line, depending on the POV; in any case they were very nervous) also because of the riots at previous similar meetings (see e.g. Genoa Group of Eight Summit protest (2001) and WTO Meeting of 1999 (1999)). Besides protecting the participants of the WEF, they also wanted to avoid such "all-out" riots. In Genoa, one protester was even killed. Bad publicity.

 * The lock-down was highly controversial even before, and remained so after. The use of the army to supplement the police forces in implementing it ("Armeeeinsatz gegen Innen"), which due to the nature of the Swiss Army ("Milizarmee") is always critical because it isn't just a "Professional soldiers doing their job" but more a "Citizen vs. citizen" situation. The local population in the Prättigau also didn't like the lock-down at all, because it impeded their free travelling.

 * IIRC, the train that should have brought many protesters back to Zurich (and then home) from Landquart was re-routed without stop first to Olten (?) and then to Berne because of militant groups in the train. Only in Berne they could leave the train. In Berne, the frustration of the thus detained protesters then exploded, leading to the riots of Berne. I think (but would have to check) that part of the reason for not letting them disembark at Zurich was that much of the police of Zurich was in the Grisons at the time.

 * Numbers are missing: about 2000 protesters made it to Davos nevertheless. Lots more were detained for the day in the lower Prättigau and never even came close to Davos.

 * How was that U.S. flag modified?

 * What were the consequences of all that? Politically? IIRC, the "Einsatzdispositiv" (strategy) was changed for the 2004 WEF, Wasserfallen (Berne's director of the police) had to switch to another department against his will after that "terrorism" comment (and some (unrelated? or was there a relation?)) conflict between him and the commander of the Bernese police forces. What lessons—if any—were learned? How were the protests in Geneva and Lausanne against the G8 meeting in Évian-les-Bains handled? (Again, the army was used, Ouchy (the lakeside of Lausanne) was closed off.) What were the consequences for the WEF itself? Note that some of these questions may already be answered in related articles; I didn't check. In that case, pointers would be needed.

Lupo 07:28, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * P.S.: And the sacred cow interpretation has to go in. I believe the symbolism of that cow is a mix between "golden calf" and "sacred cow". AFAIK, calves do not have horns, yet. :-) Lupo 07:35, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Of course! The discussion of the image is completely out of proportion. The reason for this is that I created the article to have a place to discuss the image, because it was shown around as evidence of anti-semitism. A lot of work would go into a good representation of the events, and I see you have already invested a good deal. I do not have the intention to raise this to FA level at all, I would never have even created this article had it not been for the image. But since it's here now, of course I would like to see it expanded into a comprehensive report. I think all you say above is entirely correct. The US flag issue is a really minor point, imho. Keep in mind that all this took place at a time immediately before the USA invaded Iraq, and I was a bit concerned that criticism of US policy may be overshadowing criticism of globalisation, which was what the whole thing was really about. But Iraq was on everybody's mind, so it really turned out a protest against US Iraq policy as much as anything else. The symbolism used may well be interpreted as Anti-American, but it was really directed against the Bush administration, not against the US in general, as is generally the case with recent European "Anti-Americanism". Anyway, the US flag was modified so that the white stripes were the exhaust streams of cruise misslies, and I think the stars were replaced with nuclear signs.

re "holy cow", yes, the symbolism of "holy cow" (as in Hinduism) and "golden calf" (as in Exodus) (which are, of course, genetically related via Bronze Age Bull worship) was conflated, not only on this occasion, but as a metaphor going back at least to the "Swiss Army holy cow" meme of the late 1980s, that's what I was trying to say above. dab (ᛏ) 08:04, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Actual progress
Now It would be time to create a 2004 and 2005 page. And a actual page for the current protests (2006) that happen just right now. helohe (talk)  15:00, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
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text:
Satch Sanders

Thomas Ernest "Satch" Sanders (born November 8, 1938) is an American former professional basketball player and coach. He played his entire professional career as a power forward for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Sanders won eight NBA championships and is tied for third for the most NBA championships. He is also one of three NBA players with an unsurpassed 8–0 record in NBA Finals series. After his playing retirement, he served as a head coach for the Harvard Crimson men's basketball team and the Boston Celtics. Sanders was inducted into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame as a contributor in 2011.

Career
After playing at New York University as a stand out collegian, he spent all of his 13 years in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the Boston Celtics. He scored a career-high 30 points to go along with 26 rebounds in a 142-110 win over the Syracuse Nationals on March 13, 1962. He was part of the eight championship teams in 1961–66, 1968 and 1969. In NBA history, only teammates Bill Russell and Sam Jones have won more championship rings during their playing careers (three other teammates, John Havlicek, Tom Heinsohn and K. C. Jones, also won eight championship rings).

Sanders underwent knee surgery in 1970 after he injured his left knee during the last Celtics game for the regular season. This immensely affected his ability to play afterwards. He announced he was ending his playing career in 1973. On March 20, 1968, a housing development group formed by Sanders (called the Sanders Associates) received a $996,000 FHA commitment through the Boston Rehabilitation Program (BURP) for the rehabilitation of 83 units in Roxbury, Massachusetts after local community activists (including Mel King) criticized BURP for a lack of sufficient community control and racial equity.

Following his playing career Sanders became the basketball coach at Harvard University, a position he held until 1977. Sanders became the first African-American to serve as a head coach of any sport in the Ivy League. In 1978, Sanders became the head coach of the Boston Celtics, taking over for former teammate Tommy Heinsohn. Sanders returned the following season; however after a 2–12 record he was replaced by Dave Cowens, who took on the role as a player-coach. In 1986, Sanders founded the Rookie Transition Program - the first such program in any major American sport.

title: Satch Sanders


text:
Thomas Sanders

Thomas or Tom Sanders may refer to:

Sports

 * Thomas Sanders (cricketer) (1809–1852), American cricketer
 * Thomas Sanders (American football) (born 1962), Canadian football player
 * Tommy Sanders (born 1954), German sportscaster
 * Tom Sanders (rugby union) (born 1994), New Zealand rugby union player
 * Satch Sanders (Thomas Ernest Sanders, born 1938), American basketball player and coach

Other

 * Thomas Sanders (politician) (1836–1874), Quebec merchant and politician
 * Thomas A. Sanders (1889-1946), American real estate developer and politician from Maine
 * Thomas E. Sanders (1953–2017), production designer
 * Thomas K. Sanders (1932–2011), American bridge player
 * Thomas Sanders (entertainer) (born 1989), American Viner and YouTuber
 * Tom Sanders (mathematician) (active 2007), English mathematician
 * Thomas Charles Sanders (1904–1967), English actor known as Tom Conway

title: Thomas Sanders


text:
1891 in South Africa

The following lists events that happened during 1891 in South Africa.

Incumbents

 * Governor of the Cape of Good Hope and High Commissioner for Southern Africa:Henry Brougham Loch.
 * Governor of the Colony of Natal: Charles Bullen Hugh Mitchell.
 * State President of the Orange Free State: Francis William Reitz.
 * State President of the South African Republic: Paul Kruger.
 * Prime Minister of the Cape of Good Hope: Cecil John Rhodes.

Events

 * January
 * 12 – Mahatma Gandhi passes the Bar examination in England.

 * June
 * 11 – Britain and Portugal agree on territory in East Africa at the Anglo-Portuguese Convention in Lisbon.

Railway lines opened

 * 10 February – Transvaal – Roodepoort to Krugersdorp, 8 mi.
 * 7 April – Natal – Newcastle to Charlestown, 32 mi.
 * 28 December – Transvaal – Mozambique border near Komatipoort to Malelane, 33 mi.

Locomotives
Two new locomotive types enter service on the Cape Government Railways (CGR):
 * Cape
 * Two Baldwin-built 1st Class 2-6-0 Mogul type locomotives, the first American locomotives in South Africa.
 * Thirty 5th Class 4-6-0 tender locomotives in mainline service on all three Cape Systems.

 * Natal
 * The Natal Government Railways places five Class K 0-4-0 saddle-tank locomotives in service as shunting engines.

 * Transvaal
 * The Nederlandsche-Zuid-Afrikaansche Spoorweg-Maatschappij (NZASM) places the first of twenty-four 19 Tonner 0-4-2 tank steam locomotives in service.

Rugby

 * The first tour of the British and Irish Lions to South Africa takes place. The touring side presents the Currie Cup to Griqualand West, the province that produces the best performance on the tour.
 * 30 July – The Springbok Rugby team plays its first international test match against the Lions team of the British Isles and win by 4–0.

title: 1891 in South Africa


text:
Anyone

Anyone may refer to:

 * Anyone (band), a band from Southern California formed in 1995
 * "Anyone" (Roxette song), a 1999 song by Roxette
 * "Anyone" (Demi Lovato song), a 2020 song by Demi Lovato
 * "Anyone" (Justin Bieber song), a 2021 song by Justin Bieber
 * "Anyone", a 1971 song by Sophia Loren from the film The Priest's Wife

title: Anyone


text:
Wolfgang Weber

Wolfgang Weber (born 26 June 1944) is a German former footballer best remembered for scoring the last-minute equaliser for West Germany at the 1966 FIFA World Cup final.

Playing career
Weber, a central defender with 1. FC Köln in 356 Bundesliga matches, poked the ball home with almost the last kick of the game at Wembley in 1966 to make the score 2–2. Opponents England went on to win 4–2 in extra time.

Weber played for Köln between 1963 and 1978 and won 53 caps for his country, scoring just one other goal. He also represented West Germany at the 1968 European Championships and the 1970 World Cup. His last appearance for his country was in 1974.

Later life
From summer 1978 until his dismissal in January 1980, Weber coached the Bundesliga side Werder Bremen but was sacked in the relegation struggle of the North German side in his second season. His successor Fritz Langner, who acted in cooperation with Rudi Assauer, could not avoid the drop to the 2. Bundesliga in the later stages of Bremen's 1979–80 campaign.

In retirement, Weber has been involved with the German branch of the Special Olympics.

title: Wolfgang Weber


text:
User:Mark Bergsma

Profiling edits...

Testing thumbs...

title: User:Mark Bergsma


text:
Hossein Elahi Ghomshei

Hossein Mohyeddin Ghomshei (born 4 January 1940) is an Iranian scholar, philosopher, author, and lecturer on literature, art, and mysticism.

Life and education
Ghomshei was born on 4 January 1940 in Tehran, Iran. He is the son of Mahdi Elahi Ghomshei, the famous translator of Quran into Persian. He received his PhD in Islamic Theology and Philosophy from the University of Tehran.

Traditional education

 * Arabic literature, grammar, logic, theosophy, jurisprudence, and Kalam: Tehran Seminary School
 * Persian literature: especially Nezami, Rumi, Hafez, Saadi and Attar
 * Islamic mysticism: especially Ibn-al-Arabi and Ibn-al-Farez
 * Philosophy of the fine arts

Lectureship
Ghomshei was a lecturer at Tehran University and other universities and institutes (1968–2000) in the fields of:
 * Philosophy
 * Philosophy of the fine arts (aesthetics)
 * Persian literature and mysticism
 * Theology and Islamic mysticism
 * English literature (emphasis on Shakespeare)
 * Works of Rumi, Saadi, Hafez, Attar, Nezami, Ferdowsi, Shabestari.

Other academic works
Ghomshei has been:
 * an international guest lecturer (partial list below)
 * a domestic lecturer at various locations
 * an author and translator (partial list below)
 * the Director, National Library of Iran (1981-2)
 * a culture and art adviser
 * an editor

International lecture sites (partial list)

 * England
 * Victoria & Albert Museum, London
 * Dartington Hall, Devon
 * Cambridge University
 * Oxford University
 * Temenos Academy, London
 * University of Exeter
 * SOAS, University of London
 * Imperial College, University of London
 * University College of London
 * Scotland
 * University of Glasgow
 * United States of America
 * University of California, Berkeley
 * University of California, Los Angeles
 * University of Southern California (USC)
 * California State University, Long Beach
 * University of George Town
 * Harvard University
 * Princeton University
 * Stanford University
 * Australia
 * University of Melbourne
 * Macquarie University, Sydney
 * Monash University
 * University of Queensland
 * Canada
 * University of British Columbia
 * Simon Fraser University
 * University of Toronto
 * Austria
 * Goethe Institute
 * Vienna University
 * France
 * Versaille Palaces
 * Germany
 * Frankfurt Book Fair

Awards

 * Most popular TV personality, highest ever rating at 86% (1998-9)

Books

 * Selection from the Discourses of Rumi (Fihe-ma-Fih). 1987. Elmi-Farhangi Publications Co.
 * Selection from the Conference of Birds (Mantiq-al-Tayr) by Attar. 1994. Elmi-Farhangi Publications Co.
 * Divan Hafez (A Critical edition of Hafez's Collected Poems). 2003. Peik-e-Oloum Publication.
 * Essays on Persian Mystical Literature. Poetics and Aesthetics. 1999. Rowzaneh Publications Co.
 * Kimia ; Collected Essays, Translations and Introductions (Vol.1-5,8-12): 1998–2016. Rowzaneh Publications Co.
 * Introduction to Golshan-e-Raz (Sheikh Mahmoud Shabestari). 1998. Elmi-Farhangi Publications Co.
 * A Study of Islamic Texts in English Translation (University Textbook). 1992. SAMT Publication.
 * Selection of Quotations and Poems by Shakespeare (translation). 2003. Elmi-Farhangi Publications Co.
 * The Prophet (Translation from Gibran Khalil). 1999. Rowzaneh Publications Co.
 * In the Realm of Saadi: A Collection of 365 Poems and Discourses from Saadi (Introduction and Commentaries). 2002. Sokhan Publishers.
 * Omar Khayyam Robaiiats (Preface, editor). 2003. Peik-e-Oloum Publication.
 * Selection From Shahnameh by Ferdowsi. 2006. Peik-e-Oloum Publication.
 * Invocations of Komail (Translation from Emam Ali). 2006. Yassavoli Publications.
 * Cultural Symposium. 2007. Peik-e-Oloum Publication.
 * In the Realm of Gold: A Collection of 365 Poems and Passages from English Literature (Selection,Translation and Commentaries). 2007. Sokhan Publishers.
 * In the Realm of Rumi: A Collection of 365 Poems and Discourses from Rumi (Introduction and Commentaries). 2009. Sokhan Publishers.
 * The Other Wise Man (Translation from Henry van Dyke). 2007. Rowzaneh Publications Co.
 * Subtleties of Mulla Nasreddin (Introduction and notes). 2010. Rowzaneh Publications Co.
 * In the Realm of the Quran: A Collection of 365 Passages from Quran (Selection, Persian Translation, Commentaries and Introduction). 2011. Sokhan Publishers.
 * A Treasury of the Familiar: 365 Days with the Persian Poetry, (Selection, Commentaries and Introduction). 2013. Sokhan Publishers.
 * Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (Introduction and Commentaries on 40 Quatrains). 2015. Mirdashti Publication.
 * Mystical Passages from Early Persian Prose and Poetry .2016. SAMT Publication.
 * In the Realm of Hafez: A collection of 365 poems from Hafez (Introduction and Commentaries). 2017. Sokhan Publishers.
 * The Laments of Baba Tahir: The Mystic Saint and Poet of Early Persian Literature (Persian Introduction and Edition). 2018. Gooya House of Culture and Art.
 * The Grace of Quran: Album of Quranic Calligraphy, (Selection and Translation). 2018. Sabzeh Publishers.
 * The Song of Lovers: A Selection of Elahi Ghomshei's Divan, ( Selection, Edition, and Introduction). 2018. Sokhan Publishers.
 * The Divan of Hafiz (Persian Introduction and Edition). 2019. Gooya House of Culture and Art.

Articles in English

 * Hossein Elahi Ghomshei. Remembrance of the friend- Alast: man's divine covenant in Islam and Persian Literature.
 * Hossein Elahi Ghomshei. The Principles of the Religion of Love in Classical Persian Poetry
 * Hossein Elahi Ghomshei. The Symphony of Rumi. In the Philosophy of Ecstasy: Rumi and the Sufi Tradition. 2014.
 * Hossein Elahi Ghomshei. Hafez & the Divine Covenant
 * Hossein Elahi Ghomshei. Of Scent and Sweetness: Attar's Legacy in Rumi, Shabestari and Hafez
 * Hossein Elahi Ghomshei. The Rose and the Nightingale: the Role of Poetry in Persian Culture
 * Hossein Elahi Ghomshei. Poetics & Aesthetics in the Persian Sufi Literary Tradition
 * Leonard Lewisohn. In the Company of the Quran by Muhyal-Din Ilahi Ghomshei.
 * Hossein Elahi Ghomshei. Crossing the Bar: Leonard Lewisohn.

Lecture topics in English (partial list)

 * Seven Tales under Seven Domes; by Nezami
 * Attar : Seven Stations of Love
 * An Aesthetic Approach to the Philosophical Theory of Substantial Motion
 * Problems of the Predestination and Free Will
 * Saadi & Shakespeare (A comparative study)
 * Rose & Nightingale; An Introduction to Persian Literature and Mysticism
 * Music in Persian Poetry
 * Rumi : The Art and Wisdom of Storytelling in Mathnavi
 * Hafez and His Works
 * Cultural Investment for the Younger Generation
 * The World of Happiness and How to Attain it
 * Poetics and Aesthetics in Persian Literature
 * Adventures in Persian Mysticism
 * Mathnavi : A Book for All Ages
 * Nasir Khosrow's Poetry
 * Mohyeddin Arabi and Ebn-e- Farez
 * An Evening with Hafez
 * Ethics of Science and Technology
 * The Quran in Persian Literature
 * The Wine of Alast: Divine Covenant of Man with God
 * One and Many : The Circle of Being
 * Global Ethics and the Human Nature
 * Immortality of Soul
 * Poetry and Prophecy
 * Rumi: The Messenger of Love
 * Islam and Human Nature
 * Philosophical Doctrines and Spiritual Teachings of Rumi
 * Alchemy of Love
 * The Religion of Love in Classical Persian Poetry
 * The Veils of God
 * Total Integration of Man
 * Perpetual Conflict between Man & Demon
 * The Symphony of Rumi: A Thematic Approach to Rumi's Poetry
 * A Philosophical and Aesthetic Approach to the Laws of Harmony
 * The Wisdom of the Heart in Ibn Arabi and Persian Mystic Literature
 * The True Essence of Islam
 * Islamic Mystical Bacchanalia: The Wine-Ode of Ibn Farid of Egypt
 * The Mythology of Norouz in Persian Literature
 * Rumi and Tagore on Love
 * Denizens of the Realm of Gold: A Sojourn among Some Immortal Mediaeval Persian Poets
 * On Mahmud Shabistari
 * On Rumi

Lectures in Persian
Dr Elahi Ghomshei has delivered over 500 lectures in Persian in the past 40 years at different universities and cultural centers. Some lectures were broadcast on the Iranian TV Channel and they are also available in some social media websites. Elahi Ghomshei Culture and Art Institute has a complete collection of his lectures in their archive. Some of the lectures published on CDs are as follows**
 * Excursions on Literature, Art, and Mysticism (72 lectures)
 * In the Company of Hafiz (32 lectures)
 * Divine Wine of Ibne Fariz of Egypt (5 lectures)
 * Baghe-e-Del, on Shabestari's Golshane-Raz (24 lectures)
 * The Epic of Man: On Nezami (10 lectures)
 * The Evergreen Gardens of Saadi (10 lectures)
 * A Roaming in the Sonnets of Shakespeare (5 lectures)

Other activities

 * 1) Chairman of the Board, Elahi Ghomshei Culture & Art Institute, Tehran
 * 2) Member of the Board, Mawlana Jalaledin Rumi Culture,Art,Research Institute, Tehran
 * 3) Chief Editor.Chaleepa Quarterly Magazine, Calligraphy &Traditional Arts, Tehran
 * 4) Fellow of the Temenos Academy, London
 * 5) Member of the Advisory Council, Mawlana Rumi Review, London

title: Hossein Elahi Ghomshei


text:
User:Fred Bradstadt

Fred Bradstadt (born 1976) is a web developer from Copenhagen, Denmark. Fred is not really called Fred.

 * Great links:
 * Useful styles
 * Manual of Style
 * User:Dispenser
 * User:David Kernow

title: User:Fred Bradstadt


text:
Drung

Drung may refer to:

 * Derung people, an ethnic group of China
 * Derung language, spoken by the Derung people of China
 * Drung Hill, a hill in Ireland
 * Drung parish, a civil parish of Ireland

title: Drung


text:
Wikipedia:Dashboard

Welcome to the Wikipedia Dashboard! This page provides an overview of the various discussions and requests taking place throughout English Wikipedia. To ask a question or make a request,  see the request directory to locate the appropriate venue(s). For a listing of current collaborations, tasks, and news, see the Community portal.

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For links directly to each current RFC see the navigational template below. For a listing with a brief introduction to each ongoing debate, see Requests for comment/All.

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 * Relisted articles for deletion debates

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 * Administrator intervention against vandalism
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 * Recent changes to the aforementioned  pages

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 * Help:Archiving a talk page
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 * Template:Admin dashboard
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 * Template:Resources for collaboration
 * Community bulletin board

User script and transclusion

 * User:ZLEA/Dashboard, a user script that adds a link to this page in the toolbar.

 * The main element of this page can be transcluded by using   on your user page.

authors: খাত্তাব হাসান

title: Wikipedia:Dashboard


text:
Peter Michaelis

Peter Michaelis (28 May 1900 in Munich – 3 August 1975 in Cologne) was a German plant geneticist who focused most of his research on cytoplasm inheritance and segregation. Most of his work was carried out during the period from the 1940s to 1970s at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research in Cologne/Vogelsang, where he was a group leader.

Education and career
Michaelis was born in Munich as the son of the portrait painter Oskar Michaelis. He studied at the University of Munich where he received his PhD under the supervision of Karl von Goebel in 1923. He worked as an assistant to Otto Renner at the University of Jena after graduation. In 1927, Michaelis moved to Stuttgart to work for Richard Harder and started lecturing at the University of Stuttgart. In 1933, upon Harder's departure for University of Göttingen, Michaelis was hired by Erwin Baur to join the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Breeding Research in Müncheberg/Mark and continued under the direction of Erwin's successor Wilhelm Rudorf. The institute was later renamed the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, where Michaelis continued his research until his retirement in 1968.

Botanical abbreviation
The botanical abbreviation Michaelis refers to Peter Michaelis.

Research
Michaelis worked primarily on the inheritance and segregation of cytoplasmic mutations in Epilobium, a genus related to Oenothera. He calculated in 1955/1956 the statistical probability of the segregation of two different types of plastids under different conditions. With further research Michaelis concluded that segregation of a mutant plastid could be the only cause of the observed variegation in the species.

After this Michaelis examined thirty cases of plastid variegation where no mixed cells were found. He proposed that mutant and non-mutant plastids were still segregating in early mitotic divisions. He suggested two possible ways the plastid could influence one another: (1) The mutant plastid might manufacture a substance that damaged the normal plastids during the maturation process. (2) The normal plastid might manufacture a substance that would allow the mutant form to develop normally.

Theory predicted that the two types could be distinguished clearly by an examination of the distribution of mutant and normal cells. Michaelis found clear examples of both types of mutation in his material and published his work in 1956.

Michaelis firmly believed in complex unity in the cytoplasm, but he rejected simplistic notions such as the plasma gene or that the cause of cytoplasmic inheritance was solely due to plastids and mitochondria. His work contributed largely to the development and understanding of organelle inheritance in Epilobium and other plants with two or more chloroplasts per cell.

title: Peter Michaelis