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Crown Hill Cemetery

Crown Hill Cemetery is a historic rural cemetery located at 700 West 38th Street in Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana. The privately owned cemetery was established in 1863 at Strawberry Hill, whose summit was renamed "The Crown", a high point overlooking Indianapolis. It is approximately 2.8 mi northwest of the city's center. Crown Hill was dedicated on June 1, 1864, and encompasses 555 acre, making it the third largest non-governmental cemetery in the United States. Its grounds are based on the landscape designs of Pittsburgh landscape architect and cemetery superintendent John Chislett Sr and Prussian horticulturalist Adolph Strauch. In 1866, the U.S. government authorized a U.S. National Cemetery for Indianapolis. The 1.4 acre Crown Hill National Cemetery is located in Sections 9 and 10.

Crown Hill contains 25 mi of paved road, over 150 species of trees and plants, over 225,000 graves, and services roughly 1,500 burials per year. Crown Hill is the final resting place for individuals from all walks of life, from political and civic leaders to ordinary citizens, infamous criminals, and unknowns. Benjamin Harrison, 23rd president of the United States, and Vice Presidents Charles W. Fairbanks, Thomas A. Hendricks, and Thomas R. Marshall are buried at Crown Hill. Infamous bank robber and "Public Enemy #1" John Dillinger is another internee. The gravesite of Hoosier poet James Whitcomb Riley overlooks the city from "The Crown".

Many of the cemetery's mausoleums, monuments, memorials, and structures were designed by architects, landscape designers, and sculptors such as Diedrich A. Bohlen, George Kessler, Rudolf Schwarz, Adolph Scherrer, and the architectural firms of D. A. Bolen and Son and Vonnegut and Bohn, among others. Works by contemporary sculptors include David L. Rodgers, Michael B. Wilson, and Eric Nordgulen.

The cemetery's administrative offices, mortuary, and crematorium are located at 38th Street and Clarendon Road on the cemetery's north grounds. Crown Hill's Waiting Station, built in 1885 at its east entrance on 34th Street and Boulevard Place, serves as a meeting place for tours and programs. The Crown Hill Heritage Foundation, a nonprofit corporation established in 1984, raises funds to preserve the cemetery's historic buildings and grounds. Crown Hill Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 1973.

History
Crown Hill was not Indianapolis's first major cemetery. Alexander Ralston included a cemetery site in his 1821 plan of Indianapolis at the south end of Kentucky Avenue, where it intersects South and West Streets. Prior to the establishment of Crown Hill Cemetery in 1863, the city's main cemetery was expanded in the 1830s to create the 25 acre Greenlawn Cemetery on the city's southwest side. During the Civil War, Greenlawn was quickly filling with burials of Union soldiers and Confederate prisoners of war and faced encroachment from west side industrial development. By the end of the 1870s it was closed to further interments due to lack of space.

The normal demands of a growing city, along with the capacity issues at Greenlawn, prompted a group of Indianapolis's civic-minded men to establish a new and larger cemetery within five miles of the city. On September 12, 1863, the men met with John Chislett Sr, a Pittsburgh landscape architect and cemetery superintendent, to discuss ideas for a cemetery that would be based on the park-like settings becoming popular in Europe, most notably the Pere Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. On September 25, 1863, the group formed the Association of Crown Hill. Its selection committee bought a 166 acre farm and tree nursery owned by Martin Williams for $51,500. The site for the new cemetery at Strawberry Hill, a high point overlooking Indianapolis, was 2.8 mi northwest of the city. The committee also acquired adjacent acreage of naturally rolling terrain from other sources. On October 22, 1863, a 30-member Board of Corporators (trustees) formally established Crown Hill as a privately owned cemetery.

Once the initial land was secured, the board hired Chislett's son, Frederick, as Crown Hill's first superintendent. He arrived in Indianapolis with his wife and children on December 31, 1863. Frederick supervised the construction of the cemetery's first roads and developed the property's grounds based on the landscape designs of his father and Prussian horticulturalist Adolph Strauch. The design retained many of the cemetery's natural features and laid out winding roads to create a landscape in the Victorian Romantic style. The cemetery's first main entrance was off old Michigan Road (later known as Northwestern Avenue and currently as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr Boulevard).

Crown Hill Cemetery was dedicated on June 1, 1864. The first burial at Crown Hill was the body of Lucy Ann Seaton, aged 33, a young mother who had died of consumption. Later that year, James Pattison built a stone gateway for $2,300 at the cemetery's west entrance off Michigan Road. The cemetery's east entrance at 34th Street opened in 1864. Omnibus transportation reached the cemetery in 1864. Visitors could also travel by steam-powered boat up the Central Canal to reach Crown Hill. Automobiles were allowed on the grounds beginning in 1912.

In 1866, the federal government purchased 1.4 acre of land within the grounds of Crown Hill for a national military cemetery. The bodies of more than 700 Union soldiers who had died in Indianapolis during the Civil War were moved from Greenlawn Cemetery to new graves at the National Cemetery. On May 30, 1868, Crown Hill, along with Arlington National Cemetery and 182 others in 27 states, took part in the country's first Memorial Day celebrations. An estimated crowd of 10,000 attended the Crown Hill ceremony, beginning an annual tradition at the site. By the mid-1800s, Crown Hill was a burial ground as well as a popular location for recreational activities such as picnics, strolls, and carriage rides. It is well known for its views of downtown Indianapolis from "The Crown". In addition to developing the cemetery grounds, Crown Hill's Corporators built new structures on the site. A Gothic chapel and vault was erected in 1875. The main entrance was moved to 34th Street on the cemetery's east side, where the cemetery's Waiting Station building and a three-arched gateway were erected in 1885. A new gate and gatehouse were built at the west entrance in 1900 to replace earlier structures that were demolished. Over several decades Crown Hill's grounds expanded to include substantial parcels of land north of 38th Street (known then as Maple Road). In 1911, the acquisition of 40 acre at the northwest corner of Crown Hill made the 550 acre grounds the third largest nongovernmental cemetery in the United States.

Crown Hill's Pioneer Cemetery was established on the north grounds in 1912. The bodies of 1,160 early settlers from Greenlawn Cemetery were moved to this new section at Crown Hill. The remains of 33 people from Rhoads Cemetery, established on the city's west side in 1844, were interred in the Pioneer Cemetery in 1999. Bodies from the Wright-Whitesell-Gentry Cemetery located near Castleton on the city's northeast side were moved to the Pioneer Cemetery in 2008–09.

The cemetery's grounds continued to change. In 1914, landscape architect George Kessler designed a brick and wrought-iron fence nearly 3 mi long. It was completed in the early 1920s and surrounded three quarters of the cemetery's south grounds and the southern end of the north grounds along 38th Street. A bridge/underpass that became known as the Subway passed beneath 38th Street to connect the north and south grounds. Although Crown Hill faced competition from other cemeteries in the area, it continued to expand. More than 100,000 people were buried there by the late 1930s and more than 155,000 by the late 1970s. The cemetery's Community Mausoleum was formally dedicated in 1951. Building five of the Garden Mausoleums, a series of outdoor mausoleums, was completed in 1962. A new administrative building by Bohlen and Burns was dedicated in 1969. By the early 1980s, Crown Hill was valued at nearly $3 million. Its annual sales were estimated at $250,000, with an operating budget of $895,000. The cemetery employed 15 salaried employees, 21 full-time maintenance workers, and 25 seasonal workers.

Preservation of the cemetery's monuments and structures remained an ongoing concern to Crown Hill's board. The Crown Hill Heritage Foundation, a nonprofit corporation, was established in 1984 to raise funds for restoration of the cemetery's historic buildings and its grounds. By 1997 the foundation had raised $1.8 million, with an additional $3.2 million raised later, to restore the Gothic Chapel and make other improvements to the cemetery. In the 1990s Crown Hill added a mortuary and a new crematorium.

On February 28, 1973, Crown Hill Cemetery, including the National Cemetery, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The National Cemetery portion, which is listed separately, was added to the National Register on April 29, 1999.

On October 19, 1976, the Indiana Historical Bureau and the Board of Corporators of Crown Hill Cemetery erected a historical marker for the cemetery honoring its historic significance to Indiana and the United States.

The first African American female, Cynthia Strayhorn Whisler, served as the managing director of Crown Hill Cemetery in 1996. Milton O. Thompson, a lawyer, former deputy Marion County prosecutor, and founder of a sports and entertainment management company became the board's first African American member. Hilary Stour Salatich, a Conseco executive and civic leader, became the first female corporator in 1997.

In 2007, Gibraltar Remembrance Services began managing Crown Hill Cemetery. Service Corporation International acquired Gibraltar Remembrance Services in 2018.

National Cemetery
In 1866 the U.S. government authorized a U.S. National Cemetery for Indianapolis as a burial site for Union soldiers who died in military camps and hospitals near the city during the Civil War. The National Cemetery is located on 1.4 acre within the grounds of Crown Hill in Section 10 The federal government purchased the site from Crown Hill's board for $5,000. On October 19, 1866, the remains of the first Union soldier were removed from Greenlawn Cemetery and interred at the National Cemetery at Crown Hill. By November 1866, the bodies of 707 soldiers had been moved from Greenlawn to the National Cemetery. As of December 31, 1998, the National Cemetery is filled. It encompasses 795 burial sites.

Confederate soldiers' burials
Crown Hill is also a burial site for Confederate soldiers who died at Camp Morton, a prison camp located north of Indianapolis. In 1931, when industrial development around Greenlawn Cemetery required the bodies of the Confederate prisoners to be moved, their remains were interred in a mass grave known as the Confederate Mound in Section 32 at Crown Hill. In 1993 a memorial with ten bronze plaques listing the names of the 1,616 Confederate soldiers and sailors who died at Camp Morton was dedicated at the site.

Field of Valor
Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq prompted expansion of Crown Hill's military sections to include the Field of Valor on 4 acre of the north grounds. It was dedicated on Veterans Day, November 11, 2004. The Eternal Flame and Eagle Plaza installed in front of the memorial were dedicated on Veterans Day in 2005.

Nature
Wildlife abounds in Crown Hill Cemetery, which serves as a large refuge for birds, white-tailed deer, and small animals. The cemetery's grounds are home to more than 10,000 trees of some 130 unique species. In 2022, Crown Hill earned Level II Accreditation by the ArbNet Arboretum Accreditation Program.

Artworks
There are many works of art on the property, some of which are freestanding, but most of which are associated with a gravesite. Notable examples include:
 * James Whitcomb Riley's Tomb: Following Riley's death on July 22, 1916, Crown Hill's board offered his family the prestigious site at "The Crown", the summit of Crown Hill that overlooks Indianapolis, as his final resting place. His was buried there on October 6, 1917. Riley's gravesite is marked with a large, open-canopied monument.
 * Forrest Memorial: This is the gravesite of Albertina Allen Forrest, wife of Butler University professor and Citizens Gas general manager Jacob Dorrsey Forrest. She died on April 27, 1904. To mark the grave, her husband commissioned Viennese sculptor Rudolf Schwarz, whose work adorns numerous monuments and memorials including the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument in Indianapolis, to create "Statue in Repose", a kneeling woman in mourning beneath a couplet from Alfred Lord Tennyson's "In Memoriam". Albertina's husband, who died in 1930, is buried in an unmarked grave beside the memorial.
 * Three limestone statues depicting the Greek goddesses Themis, Demeter, and Persephone from the old Marion County Courthouse. The courthouse was demolished in 1962.
 * Equatorial Sundial:David L. Rodgers was commissioned to create the functional sundial in 1985. It was fabricated of Indiana limestone in Bloomington, Indiana, and installed in front of the Community Mausoleum in 1987.
 * The Hoosier Artists Contemporary Sculpture Walk: Established to mark Crown Hill's 140th anniversary, the walk includes works by ten artists, including Michael B. Wilson's "Social Attachments" and Eric Nordgulen's "Antenna Man".
 * Holcomb Mausoleum Door: Part of a memorial for James Irving Holcomb, an Indianapolis industrialist and a Vice President of the Butler University board of trustees

Notable memorials

 * Medical Science Donor Memorial, installed in 1991. In 1978 the Anatomical Education Board of the Indiana University School of Medicine purchased Section 41-A to inter the cremated remains of bodies that had been studied. As of 2011 more than one thousand medical donors have been recognized at the memorial.
 * Indiana AIDS Memorial, dedicated on October 29, 2000, is the first permanent AIDS memorial located in a cemetery.
 * The Heroes of Public Safety monument, dedicated on September 11, 2002, is inscribed with the names of police, firefighters, and other public safety personnel who died in the line of duty.
 * The Hearts Remembered Memorial, dedicated on June 4, 2006, remembers the city's orphaned and abandoned children, many of whom were buried in unmarked graves.

Structures

 * Gothic chapel – Indianapolis architect Diedrich A. Bohlen designed the High Victorian Gothic-style chapel and vault, which were built east of the National Cemetery in 1875 at an initial cost of $38,922. They replaced an earlier vault that was used as temporary storage for bodies awaiting burial. In 1917 D.A. Bolen and Son designed an addition to the structure designed by D. A. Bohlen, the architectural firm's founder. The chapel and vaults were restored in the early 1970s at a cost of $120,000. CSO Architects began a major renovation and expansion in 2001. The project cost $3.2 million and received an excellence in Architecture Award from the American Institute of Architects, Indiana chapter, in 2007.
 * East gate, Waiting Station, and Porter's Lodge – Adolf Scherrer, an Indianapolis architect of Swiss origins, designed the High Victorian Gothic gateway and Waiting Station for the cemetery's main entrance at 34th Street and Boulevard Place. Construction began in May 1885. The three-arched gateway was completed in November 1885, in time for the funeral of vice-president and former Indiana governor Thomas A. Hendricks. The gate was built of Bedford limestone. The Waiting Station exterior is brick and limestone. A gatehouse house that became known as Porter's Lodge at the gate's south side was designed by the Indianapolis architectural firm of Vonnegut and Bohn and built in 1904. The Crown Hill board leased the Waiting Station to Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana in 1970 for one dollar per year, provided the preservation organization agreed to restore the historic structure. The restoration was completed by February 1971. HLFI moved to offices on Michigan Street in 1990 and the Waiting Station was leased until the mid-1990s, when Crown Hill began using it for office space. Crown Hill spent an additional $500,000 to restore the Waiting Station in the late 1990s. It was restored again in 2001 and serves as a meeting place for cemetery tours and programs.
 * Subway bridge/underpass – The underpass beneath 38th Street that connects the north and south grounds is also known as the Subway. Construction began in 1925 and was completed in 1927 at cost of $170,000. It was restored in the 1980s.
 * West gate and gatehouse – In 1901 the original west entrance to the cemetery was demolished and an arched Romanesque gate and a gatehouse designed by Indianapolis architect Herbert Foltz was erected at its southwest corner. The west gate was closed in 1965 and demolished the following year.
 * Masonry fence – In 1914 George Kessler designed a brick and wrought-iron fence to replace the cemetery's wood and wire fencing. The masonry fence surrounded three quarters of the south grounds and the southern end of the north grounds along 38th Street. It cost nearly $138,000. The fence has a 4 ft thick concrete base, brick supports 8.5 ft in height, and sections of wrought iron measuring 25 ft in length that rest on brick support walls. Brick pillars at the entrances are more than 12 ft tall. Construction of the fence, which is approximately 3 mi long, was completed in 1920. A multi-year restoration costing $600,000 began in 1985.
 * Mausoleums – Crown Hill contains several family and communal mausoleums: Community Mausoleum, designed by D. A. Bohlen and Company, was completed in the early 1950s. Its exterior is made of Indiana Bedford limestone; the interior is marble. Abbey Mausoleum, which was planned in 1993, is designed by Patrick L. Fly and cost $1.3 million. It is built of Indiana limestone and Carnelian granite.
 * Superintendent's residence – A home for the superintendent remained on cemetery grounds until 1950. D. A. Bohlen designed a three-story Victorian house to replace a log cabin structure in the late 1860s. Fire destroyed the Victorian residence in 1913, but a new three-story brick home was already under construction as its replacement. The brick residence was removed from Crown Hill in 1950.
 * Administrative offices – A building erected at 38th and Clarenden Streets in 1969 serves as Crown Hill's business offices.
 * Mortuary and crematorium – Groundbreaking for a $1.5 million mortuary took place in May 1992. Architect J. Stuart Todd drew up the plans. The funeral home opened on March 1, 1993. Gibralter Remembrance Services, LLC, who purchased the mortuary in 2006, built a 9,500 square foot expansion. A new crematorium was added in 1990.

Political and civil rights figures

 * Benjamin Harrison, 23rd president of the United States, along with his first wife, Caroline Harrison; his second wife, Mary Dimmick Harrison; his son Russell Benjamin Harrison; and his daughter Mary Harrison McKee.
 * Vice Presidents of the United States Charles W. Fairbanks, Thomas A. Hendricks, and Thomas R. Marshall.
 * Vice presidential nominees George Washington Julian, William Hayden English, and John W. Kern.
 * Indiana Governors Noah Noble, David Wallace, James Whitcomb, Abram A. Hammond, Oliver P. Morton, Thomas A. Hendricks, Albert G. Porter, Ira Joy Chase, Winfield T. Durbin, Thomas R. Marshall, and Robert D. Orr.
 * United States Senators Oliver H. Smith, Thomas A. Hendricks, Benjamin Harrison, Charles W. Fairbanks, Albert J. Beveridge, John W. Kern, Joseph E. McDonald, Thomas Taggart, David Turpie, Homer E. Capehart, Robert Hanna, and Harry S. New.
 * U.S. Representatives George W. Julian, General Ebenezer Dumont, Albert Porter, John H. Farquhar, Ralph Hill, Franklin Landers, Samuel M. Moores, William E. Niblack, and Julia Carson.
 * Mayors of Indianapolis including Caleb Scudder, James McCready, Henry F. West, Samuel D. Maxwell, John Caven, Daniel W. Grubbs, Caleb S. Denny, Thomas L. Sullivan, Thomas Taggart, Charles A. Bookwalter, John W. Holtzman, Samuel L. Shank, Joseph E. Bell, Charles W. Jewett, John L. Duvall, Claude E. Negley, Reginald H. Sullivan, Walter C. Boetcher, Robert Tyndall, George L. Denny, and Christian J. Emhardt.
 * Allen M. Fletcher, Governor of Vermont
 * Addison C. Harris, U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary (ambassador) to Austria-Hungary.
 * William Henry Harrison Miller, U.S. Attorney General.
 * William D. McCoy, United States Ambassador to Liberia
 * Meredith Nicholson, author and U.S. Minister to Paraguay, Venezuela, and Nicaragua
 * May Wright Sewall, women's rights advocate.
 * William S. Taylor, Governor of Kentucky
 * William F. Turner, first Chief Justice of the Arizona Supreme Court.
 * Henry Lane Wilson, Ambassador to Mexico and U.S. Minister to Chile and to Belgium.
 * Zerelda G. Wallace, temperance advocate and suffragette, second wife of governor and congressman David Wallace, Lew Wallace's stepmother, and sister-in-law of James Gatling.
 * Christopher T. Gonzalez, LGBT and AIDs activist, along with his life partner Jeff Werner.

Military figures

 * American Civil War generals for the Union army: Thomas Armstrong Morris, Edward Richard Sprigg Canby, Jefferson C. Davis, Abel Streight, George Francis McGinnis, John Parker Hawkins, Robert Sanford Foster, John Coburn, Frederick Knefler, and George Henry Chapman.
 * The remains of 1,616 Confederate soldiers who died during their confinement at Camp Morton, a Union prison camp in Indianapolis. Their remains were transferred to Crown Hill in 1931.
 * Two British Commonwealth service personnel are buried in this cemetery, one from each World War: Captain Joseph Hammond of the Royal Air Force, killed in 1918, and Warrant Officer Thomas Taggart Young, Royal Canadian Air Force, who died in 1942.
 * Charles W. Brouse, Congressional Medal of Honor recipient
 * James H. Kasler, Korean and Vietnam War fighter pilot and POW; only recipient of three Air Force Crosses
 * John Swanson Congressional Medal of Honor recipient
 * Roscoe Turner, aviator, winner of a Distinguished Flying Cross, and transcontinental speed recordholder.

Sports figures

 * James A. Allison, Frank Wheeler, Arthur Newby, and Carl Fisher, founders of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
 * Indianapolis 500 winners Floyd Davis, Louis Schneider, Howdy Wilcox
 * Bob Jenkins, voice of the Indianapolis 500 1990–98
 * Erwin "Cannon Ball" Baker, record setting automobile and motorcycle racer.
 * George Bignotti, Indianapolis 500 and American open-wheel racing team owner and mechanic.
 * William L. "Bill" Garrett, the first African American to play in the Big Ten Conference.
 * Robert Irsay, former owner of the Indianapolis Colts.
 * Frank McKinney, Olympic gold medalist in swimming, later president of Bank One of Indiana and civic booster.
 * Toad Ramsey, Major League Baseball player from 1885 through 1890.
 * Stacey Toran, Football defensive back for the Los Angeles Raiders.
 * John Woodruff, Olympic gold medalist in track, 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin.

Founders and inventors

 * Lyman S. Ayres, founder of L. S. Ayres department stores.
 * Charles H. Black
 * Ovid Butler, founder of Butler University.
 * August Duesenberg and Frederick S. Duesenberg, automotive industrialists
 * Frank P. Fox, Indianapolis 500 driver and owner of the Pope Motor Car Company
 * Howard Garns, inventor of Sudoku
 * Richard Jordan Gatling, American inventor, best known for his invention of the Gatling gun.
 * John F. Geisse, founder of Target Stores, Venture Stores, and The Wholesale Club.
 * Colonel Eli Lilly, founder of Eli Lilly and Company, and several of his descendants, including Josiah K. Lilly Sr., Josiah K. Lilly Jr., Eli Lilly, and Ruth Lilly.
 * Daniel Marmon, Early Indianapolis-based automotive manufacturers and a principal of Nordyke Marmon and Company
 * Thomas A. Morris, Indiana railroad executive and civil engineer
 * David M. Parry, founder of the Parry Auto Company
 * Harry C. Stutz, Indianapolis-based automobile engineer and industrialist.
 * Hiram P. Wasson, founder of H. P. Wasson and Company department stores

Arts and media

 * James Baskett, the first African American man to win an Academy Award and best known for his role as Uncle Remus in Disney's Song of the South (1946).
 * Sarah T. Bolton, poet.
 * Jacob Cox, portrait and landscape painter.
 * Cecil Duane Crabb, ragtime composer.
 * William Forsyth, Hoosier Group artist
 * Richard Gruelle, Hoosier Group artist
 * John Wesley Hardrick, artist
 * Frank McKinney "Kin" Hubbard, cartoonist and humorist.
 * Etheridge Knight, poet.
 * James Whitcomb Riley, poet, best known for his poem "Little Orphant Annie"
 * Otto Stark, Hoosier Group artist
 * Booth Tarkington, author and winner of two Pulitzer Prizes

Other

 * Francis Costigan, pioneer Indiana architect
 * John Dillinger, notorious bank robber in the 1930s.
 * G. T. Haywood, First Presiding Bishop of the Pentecostal Assemblies of the World.
 * Josephine R. Nichols (1838–1897), President, Indiana State Woman's Christian Temperance Union
 * Alexander Ralston, surveyor who designed the original plan of Indianapolis in 1821.

Fictional interment
In the book The Fault in Our Stars, as well as the movie adaptation of the same name, the love interest Augustus Waters is buried at Crown Hill in a gravesite facing 38th Street.

title: Crown Hill Cemetery


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jeffrey rich

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. CDC  (talk)  23:03, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Jeffrey rich
A singing massage therapist, non-encyclopedie, delete --nixie 06:10, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, possible vanity. Megan1967 07:38, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not enclyclopedic material. Mgm|(talk) 07:47, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, improperly capitalized title, non-notable person, and the article reads like spam. --Idont Havaname 03:39, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete Pavel Vozenilek 23:49, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Airports of the United States

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. CDC  (talk)  23:04, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Airports of the United States
Currently empty. IMHO, lists only make sense to keep when they are not duplicative of a category Burgundavia 06:14, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Empty lists Dsmdgold 08:21, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No content, no place here. Stombs 10:30, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and fix. See the page List of airports.  It links to several pages of the form "Airports of Country X."  Whoever made these pages put content in for all but the U.S., and for that page preferred to direct the reader to Category: Airports of the United States.  The trouble is that this category is broken into airports by state, so you don't get the listing even here.  We have the data; it just wants centralization.  Shimmin 12:01, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment, the article is currently empty. Notice I am not listing those lists which have content. I have also left this long enough to get content and it hasn't. Burgundavia 15:19, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this page and direct the US airports link on List of airports to the appropriate category. Unless somebody is willing to build a list and add in the airport codes, I don't see a reason to keep the current page. — RJH 16:43, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Link was changed to category. Vegaswikian 17:38, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vegaswikian 17:38, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete because it's empty. RickK 18:38, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete because it's empty. K1Bond007 23:37, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:65.6.28.75

title: User talk:65.6.28.75


text: User talk:129.119.62.62

title: User talk:129.119.62.62


text:
Talk:Bistre

Weird shade given

 * Bistre's appearance is generally of a mid-to-dark warm brown, with a yellowish cast.

As an artist, I have frequently used the colour bistre brown, and it is almost always a mid-to-light warm brown with a yellowish cast - and certainly nothing like the colour shown in the picture! If I had to give a c,m,y,k rating for bistre, it'd be closer to 40, 50, 80, 0 than the 0, 30, 49, 76 listed. Although I have no doubt that the original pigment was a darker colour, the normal art use of the term is surely now considerably lighter. Grutness|hello? 06:24, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It wouldn't hurt to show several example colors advertised as "bistre", sort of a NPOV for shades. it seems to be one of those colors that has many interpretations; I have postage stamps described as "bistre" that run the gamut from tan to sepia... Stan 17:18, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Isn't mahogany more brownish? the shade givn is too orange.

The correct shade of the brown tone of bistre has now been added to the article. Keraunos (talk) 01:18, 12 October 2012 (UTC)

Cyclopaedia reference
"Instead of this, some used the strokes of a pen, some Indian ink, others a black stone, etc. [1]"

This reference from the Cyclopaedia doesn't make much sense. I believe the intent of the author was to indicate that some other artists used hatching ("some strokes of the pen"), or washed using indian ink or ink from a "black stone" as used in China, in the place of bistre. I think the reference is definitely usable, but in its current, nearly original state, it's more confusing than informative. Rujoking (talk) 22:38, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

Color
Old masters may have drawn with BLACK (very dark gray) bister/bistre and their current color is the result of time, right? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.255.168.151 (talk) 13:10, 23 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bistre


text:
User talk:Zabieru

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Feco
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Talk:History of communism

Transfer of text
This is the text of the abolished article World Communist Movement. Some it can probably be incorporated into this article, which is pretty inadequate. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Adam Carr (talk • contribs) 02:44, 9 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Anyone who wants this history can refer to the article's page history: Removed it since it wasn't archiving properly, is unsourced (so has little value to us now), and didn't need to be posted here verbatim.  czar  05:07, 2 January 2021 (UTC)

World Communist Movement/History of Communism
I would agree that the article, after the early years, is almost totally about the Soviet Union. Although this is important, it is only a part of the history of Communism. It is also, in no way a substitute for the WCM article, which, although it should be broader, is an accurate account of what is generally recognised as the WCM. Either the WCM article should be incorporated into this one, with the gaps filled in, or it should be re-instated as a separate article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.157.205.21 (talk) 13:49, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 10:40, 1 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Mao proclaiming the establishment of the PRC in 1949.jpg

Inca Empire
Under the origins of communism, when discussing earlier forms, which have later come to be considered communism, would a mention of the Inca Empire be worth considering? The people of the empire provided the higher-ups with labour, and in turn were provided with free food, clothes, healthcare, and schooling. While not directly contributing to the development of communism, nor stemming from it, a mention of it could still provide insight into how these ideas are not unique to Europe or the west, and have developed on their own independently.

Economy of the Inca Empire Erbeilas (talk) 07:46, 13 January 2023 (UTC)
 * there are LOTS of reliable secondary sources on the history of communism. Do any of them claim the Inca situation was "communism"?? Rjensen (talk) 07:57, 13 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:History of communism


text:
Talk:Convair F-106 Delta Dart

Aim-26 missile
The F-106, (and F-101B), were never designed, developed or operated with the nuclear Falcon missile. The F-102 was the ONLY service aircraft to be modified to carry and operate with the Aim-26.

For reference see 'Nuclear Armament', by Thomas W. Ray, a now unclassified Atomic Energy Act document, circa 1954. 2601:440:8681:310:24FE:BDCD:7F88:DB17 (talk) 17:08, 29 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Your source is unverifiable without more detail, and as a 1954 source, cannot be used as a definitive reference for armament that didn't make its first flight until 1956 and didn't enter service until 1959.Nigel Ish (talk) 18:09, 29 October 2022 (UTC)
 * @Nigel Ish google it.. you'll find it..I did
 * the F-106 was developed around the 1954 time frame..
 * do your own research 🤔 2601:440:8681:310:24FE:BDCD:7F88:DB17 (talk) 18:47, 29 October 2022 (UTC)
 * That's not how Wikipedia works. Please read our policy on the burden of proof, especially the statement in bold type that "The burden to demonstrate verifiability lies with the editor who adds or restores material". This is a longstanding community policy here and we are all stuck with it. — Cheers, Steelpillow (Talk) 20:48, 29 October 2022 (UTC)
 * I've checked the sources that are used in the Specs section (i.e. Quest for Performance and Bill Yenne's Convair Deltas) and I can't find any reference to the AIM-26/GAR-11 being carried in either reference - this was added to the specs here in 2010 without a new reference, although it was already cited to a different reference in the body of the article (which also doesn't talk about the AIM-26 being carried by the F-106. Chuck Hansen's Swords of Armageddon Volume I ( states on Page VI-58 that "...between 1959 and 1960, the GAR-11 was considered for use with F-101b and F-106A aircraft ...the idea was discarded, among other reasons, because of excessive conversion costs". It also mentions a potential nuclear armed version of the GAR-3 which was rejected in 1959. So it doesn't look likely that Falcons with nuclear warheads were carried by the F-106 (although they probably were planned for unbuilt versions like the F-106C or E. This does bring out the importance in making sure that additions are properly cited.Nigel Ish (talk) 17:48, 30 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Ah thanks for that - some definitive information!! I think based on that we can remove it. - Ahunt (talk) 18:00, 30 October 2022 (UTC)
 * @Ahunt yeah, thanks to me for bringing it up originally and to Nigel for checking it out..😏 2601:440:8681:310:D03D:B1D0:ADA5:DBB3 (talk) 18:50, 30 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes, it is all collaboration here. We usually get these sorts of issues fixed between all of us here, although it often takes some back-and-forth to get there. - Ahunt (talk) 18:57, 30 October 2022 (UTC)

Area rule
The article states that the F-106 differs from the F-102, among other reasons, the "...application of the area rule to the fuselageshaping...". Fact is the F-102 (aside from the 2 prototypes) also made use of the area rule. I propose this phrase be deleted. Tfdavisatsnetnet (talk) 04:08, 6 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Convair F-106 Delta Dart


text:
Gerry Spence

Gerald Leonard Spence (born January 8, 1929) is a semi-retired American trial lawyer and author. He is a member of the Trial Lawyer Hall of Fame, and is the founder of the Trial Lawyers College. Spence has never lost a criminal case before a jury either as a prosecutor or a defense attorney, and did not lose a civil case between 1969 and 2010. He is considered one of the greatest lawyers of the 20th century, and one of the best trial lawyers ever. He has been described by legal scholar Richard Falk as a "lawyer par excellence".

Spence is recognized for winning virtually every case he has dealt with, and for winning a number of well-known cases, such as Randy Weaver at Ruby Ridge, the Ed Cantrell murder case, the Karen Silkwood case, and the defense of Geoffrey Fieger. He also defended Brandon Mayfield, and carried out the successful prosecution of Mark Hopkinson. One of his most significant cases was the defense of Imelda Marcos, former First Lady of the Philippines, in a racketeering/fraud case considered one of the trials of the century, which he won.

He has also won large million-dollar lawsuits against companies, such as $26.5 million in libel damages for 1978 Miss Wyoming Kim Pring against Penthouse in 1981. He also won a $52 million lawsuit against McDonald's in 1984. According to Spence, he has won more multi-million dollar verdicts without an intervening loss than any lawyer in America.

He acted as a legal consultant for NBC in its coverage of the O.J. Simpson trial and appeared on Larry King Live. He is the author of over a dozen books about politics and law, including The New York Times bestseller How to Argue and Win Every Time (1995), Win Your Case (2005), From Freedom to Slavery (1993), and Police State: How America's Cops Get Away with Murder (2015).

Background
Spence graduated from the University of Wyoming in 1949 and from the University of Wyoming College of Law in 1952 and was first in his class. He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws degree in May 1990. He started his career in Riverton, Wyoming, and later became a successful defense attorney for the insurance industry, winning many cases. Years later, Spence said he "saw the light" and became committed to representing people instead of corporations, insurance companies, banks, or "big business."

From 1954 to 1962 he served as prosecuting attorney of Fremont County, Wyoming.

Gerry Spence and his second wife, Imaging, share their time between their homes in Dubois, Wyoming, and Santa Barbara, California. Despite having homes in two different states, Spence has stated that he will "die in Wyoming."

Karen Silkwood
Spence gained attention for the Karen Silkwood case. Karen Silkwood was a chemical technician at the Kerr-McGee plutonium-production plant, where she became an activist and vocal critic of plant safety, also known as a whistleblower. On November 13, 1974, Silkwood died in a one-car crash under suspicious circumstances after reportedly gathering evidence for her union. Spence represented Silkwood's father and children, who charged that Kerr-McGee was responsible for exposing Silkwood to dangerous levels of radiation. Spence won a $10.5 million verdict for the family.

In 1984, the Supreme Court of the United States upheld the family's right to sue under state law for punitive damages from a federally regulated industry. The Silkwood case achieved international fame and was the subject of many books, magazine and newspaper articles and the major motion picture Silkwood starring Meryl Streep as Karen Silkwood.

Other cases
After the Silkwood case, Spence tried a number of high-profile cases. He has not lost a civil case since 1969 and has never lost a criminal case with a trial by jury. By 1980, he had dealt with around 50 murder cases, not losing a single one of them. Despite his tremendous success, he has had several of his more prominent civil verdicts overturned on appeal and lost a 1985 manslaughter case in a bench trial in Newport, Oregon, in December 1985, later prevailing on appeal.

He is known for taking up cases deemed to be unwinnable, such as the murder case of Joe Esquibel, who murdered his wife in front of multiple witnesses, yet Spence managed to gain his acquittal through reason of insanity. He gained the acquittal of Sandy Jones for the murder of Wilfred Gerttula, and had the manslaughter conviction of her son, Michael Jones Jr., overturned on appeal.

Spence successfully defended Randy Weaver on murder, assault, conspiracy, and gun charges in the Ruby Ridge, Idaho, federal standoff case, by successfully impugning the conduct of the FBI and its crime lab. Spence never called a witness for the defense. He relied only on contradictions and holes in the prosecution's story. Spence later wrote that he rejected Weaver's anti-Semitic beliefs, but took the case because he believed Weaver had been entrapped into committing a crime and furthermore that federal agents had behaved unconscionably in shooting Weaver's wife and children.

He also successfully defended Ed Cantrell in the Rock Springs, Wyoming, murder case, and he won the acquittal of former Filipino First Lady Imelda Marcos in New York City on federal racketeering charges.

Spence also defended Earth First! founder David Foreman, who in 1990 had been charged with conspiracy for an alleged plot to sabotage a water-pumping station.

On June 2, 2008, Spence obtained an acquittal of Detroit lawyer Geoffrey Fieger, who was charged with making unlawful campaign contributions. Before returning a not-guilty verdict, the federal court jury deliberated 18 hours over four days. The acquittal maintained Spence's record of never having lost a jury trial in a criminal matter.

In civil litigation, Spence won a $52 million verdict against McDonald's Corporation on behalf of a small, family-owned ice cream company. A medical malpractice verdict of over $4 million established a new standard for nursing care in Utah. In 1992 Spence earned $33.5 million verdicts for emotional and punitive damages for his quadriplegic client after a major insurance company refused to pay on the $50,000 policy.

Mock trial: United States v. Oswald
In 1986, Spence defended in absentia Lee Harvey Oswald, the deceased assassin of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, against well-known prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi in a 21-hour televised unscripted mock trial sponsored by London Weekend Television in the United Kingdom. The mock trial involved an actual U.S. judge, a jury of U.S. citizens, the introduction of hundreds of evidence exhibits, and many actual witnesses to events surrounding and including the assassination. The jury returned a guilty verdict. Expressing admiration for his adversary's prosecutorial skill, Spence remarked, "No other lawyer in America could have done what Vince did in this case." The "docu-trial" and his preparation for it inspired Bugliosi's 1600-page book examining the details of the Kennedy assassination and various related conspiracy theories, entitled Reclaiming History, winner of the 2008 Edgar Award for Best Fact Crime. Several times in the book Bugliosi specifically cites his respect for Spence's abilities as a defense attorney as his impetus for digging more deeply into various aspects of the case than he perhaps would have otherwise.

Tort reform activism
During the election season of 2004, Spence, a vocal opponent of tort reform, crisscrossed his native Wyoming spearheading a series of self-funded town hall-style meetings to inform voters of an upcoming ballot measure, Constitutional Amendment D, which would have limited Wyoming citizens' ability to recover compensation if injured by medical malpractice. The ballot measure failed, with a 50.3% "No" vote.

Public interest and television work
For many years, Spence has lectured at law schools and conducted seminars at various legal organizations around the country.

He is the founder and director of the non-profit Trial Lawyers College (now known as the "Gerry Spence Method"), where, per its mission statement, lawyers and judges "committed to the jury system" are trained to help achieve justice for individuals fighting "corporate and government oppression", particularly those individuals who could be described as "the poor, the injured, the forgotten, the voiceless, the defenseless and the damned". Teachers at the school have been Richard "Racehorse" Haynes, Morris Dees from the Southern Poverty Law Center and John Gotti defense lawyer Albert Krieger.

Spence is also the founder of Lawyers and Advocates for Wyoming, a non-profit, public interest law firm.

Spence served as legal consultant for NBC television covering the O. J. Simpson trial and appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show, Larry King Live, and Geraldo. He briefly had his own talk show on MSNBC, which he hosted from his home in Wyoming.

Spence received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1996.

Later life
After winning the Fieger acquittal in 2008, Spence told jurors, "This is my last case. I will be 80 in January, and it's time for me to quit, to put down the sword." In 2010, Spence was still listed as an active partner in the Spence Law Firm, located in Jackson, Wyoming, and continues to make public appearances. Gerry Spence's next case, a civil suit for wrongful incarceration, ended with a mistrial in December 2012, when the jury could not come to a unanimous decision. Per the cite to the AP story: "The verdicts Pratt read in court indicated jurors had found in favor of Larsen, Brown and the city of Council Bluffs on both major issues. The first issue was whether Harrington and McGhee's constitutional rights to due process had been violated. The second was whether the city had failed to adequately train and supervise the police officers. When the judge polled the jurors to ensure all agreed, three women said no." In October 2013, the AP reported that the suit was settled between the two parties four days before a retrial was scheduled to start.

Spence was selected as a top lawyer by Super Lawyers between 2008 and 2022. He received the first Lifetime Achievement Award from Consumer Attorneys of California in 2008. He also received the American Association for Justice's Lifetime Achievement Award in 2013.

Currently, Mr. Spence oversees The Gerry Spence Method program, which trains trial lawyers who represent injured people and people accused of crimes; no corporate or government lawyers are allowed to attend. Gerry Spence is one of the longest-serving lawyers, having worked for over 70 years.

Partial bibliography
Gerry Spence is the author of more than a dozen books, including:
 * Gunning for Justice - My Life and Trials (Doubleday 1982) ISBN 978-0-385-17703-0
 * Of Murder and Madness: A True Story of Insanity and the Law (Doubleday 1983) ISBN 978-0-385-18801-2
 * Trial by Fire: The True Story of a Woman's Ordeal at the Hands of the Law (William Morrow 1986) ISBN 978-0-688-06075-6
 * With Justice for None: Destroying an American Myth (Times Books 1989) ISBN 978-0-14-013325-7
 * From Freedom to Slavery: The Rebirth of Tyranny in America (St. Martin's Press 1993) ISBN 978-0-312-14342-8
 * How to Argue & Win Every Time: At Home, At Work, In Court, Everywhere, Everyday (St. Martin's Press 1995) ISBN 0-312-14477-6
 * The Making of a Country Lawyer (St. Martin's Press 1996) ISBN 978-0-312-14673-3
 * O. J.: The Last Word (St. Martin's Press 1997) ISBN 978-0-312-18009-6
 * Give Me Liberty: Freeing Ourselves in the Twenty-First Century (St. Martin's Press 1998) ISBN 0-312-24563-7
 * A Boy's Summer: Fathers and Sons Together (St. Martin's Press June 1, 2000) ISBN 978-0-312-20282-8
 * Gerry Spence's Wyoming: The Landscape (St. Martin's Press October 19, 2000) ISBN 978-0-312-20776-2
 * Half Moon and Empty Stars (Scribner, 2001) ISBN 0-7432-0276-7
 * Seven Simple Steps to Personal Freedom: An Owner's Manual for Life (St. Martin's Griffin November 1, 2002) ISBN 978-0-312-30311-2
 * The Smoking Gun: Day by Day Through a Shocking Murder Trial (Scribner 2003) ISBN 978-0-7432-4696-5
 * Win Your Case: How to Present, Persuade, and Prevail—Every Place, Every Time (St. Martin's Press 2006) ISBN 0-312-36067-3
 * Bloodthirsty Bitches and Pious Pimps of Power: The Rise and Risks of the New Conservative Hate Culture (St. Martin's Press 2006) ISBN 978-0-312-36153-2
 * The Lost Frontier: Images and Narrative (Gibbs Smith October 1, 2013) ISBN 978-1-4236-3290-0
 * Police State: How America's Cops Get Away with Murder (St. Martin's Press May 16, 2018) ISBN 978-1-250-07345-7
 * So I Said: Quotes and Thoughts of Gerry Spence (Sastrugi Press September 8, 2018) ISBN 978-1-944986-38-4
 * Court of Lies (Forge Books February 19, 2019) ISBN 978-1-250-18348-4
 * The Martyrdom of Collins Catch the Bear (Seven Stories Press October 6, 2020) ISBN 978-1-60980-966-9

title: Gerry Spence


text:
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title: User talk:Usmanreddy


text:
Jagannath Temple, Koraput

Shri Jagannath temple(Odia: ଶ୍ରୀ ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ ମନ୍ଦିର) (popularly known as "Shabara Shrikshetra") is a temple located in Koraput, Odisha, India. It is not only built as an altar for worship, but also as a multipurpose area for Jagannath consciousness. Jagannath consciousness is the main theme of Jagannath which can not be confined within the limits of a traditional religious theological order, because it is a cult (or even a philosophical system).

It is originated from the tribal culture, and it has no antagonism towards any religion, caste or creed, Practice of tolerance in the real life of the individual and the society wedded to this ideal, is one piece used in the cult. This is practiced at Shabara Shrikshetra in letter and spirit. Everybody has free access to this shrine, which virtually demonstrates the very concept of Jagannath consciousness having tribal bias.

<!-- Sabara Srikhetra is not as old as the philosophy it professes. But the pristine High Land of Koraput where it exists is centuries old with a horary past. So also the Highlanders whose customs and culture have much bearing on Jagannath consciousness which does not remain confined within the limits of a traditional religious theological order, a cult or even a philosophical system which has its origin from Tribal Culture. Jagannath Cult has no antagonism towards any religion, caste or creed, just as the vedantic culture of India. Jagannath consciousness lays the foundation for practice of tolerance in the real life of the individual as well as the human society at large. Koraput region is the southern most part of Odisha which is associated with Epic Ramayana & is identified as Dandakaranya in the Puranas as well as is the Gazetteer of India. Koraput town stands in the heart of Dandakaranya which assumed the name of Sabara Srikhetra, the Abode of Lord Sri Jagannath in the tribal heartland. It is truly the God of mankind without any distinction of caste, creed, class or religion. The Primal God - Sri Jagannath, the Lord of the Universe, is the presiding deity, of Sri Mandira (main temple) of Sabara Srikhetra temple complex on a hillock about 3,000 feet above the mean sea level, (The hillock stands) at the centre of Koraput, the district headquarters town. The main temple is surrounded by nine side temples of different Gods and Goddesses, commanding the land scape from miles around. Apart from the above, the Yatries enjoy the blessings of the presiding deities of almost every sacred centre of piligrimages (Teerthas) of Bharat (India) and Utkal (Odisha):

Bharat Barsa :
 * 1)  Amarnath,
 * 2) Kedarnath,
 * 3) Baisnodevi,
 * 4) Pasupatinath,
 * 5) Prithviswar,
 * 6) Sri Govind Jiu,
 * 7) Srikrushna Janma Bhoomi,
 * 8) Bhootnath,
 * 9) Prayag Rajeswar,
 * 10)  Bramhasila,
 * 11) Kashi Biswanath,
 * 12) Biraja,
 * 13) Kali,
 * 14) Kamakshi,
 * 15) Badrinath,
 * 16) Dwarakanath,
 * 17) Rameshwar,
 * 18) Somanath,
 * 19) Puskar,
 * 20) Srinath,
 * 21) Mahakaleswar,
 * 22) Haridwar,
 * 23) Bithalji,
 * 24) Maukhalingam,
 * 25) Sri Kurma,
 * 26) Barahanrusingha,
 * 27) Sri Balaji,
 * 28) Ayappa,
 * 29) Minakshi,
 * 30) Srirangam.

Utkal Khanda :
 * 1) Sidha Mhabira,
 * 2) Sri Baladev Jiu,
 * 3) Neelamadhab,
 * 4) Alarnath,
 * 5) Sri Raghunath,
 * 6) Ananta Basudev,
 * 7) Barahanath,
 * 8) Marjarakeshari Nrushinghanath,
 * 9) Biranchi Narayan,
 * 10) Khirachora Gopinath,
 * 11) Subarnameru,
 * 12) Ladubaba,
 * 13)  Akhandalmani,
 * 14) Gokarneswar,
 * 15) Gupteswar,
 * 16) Birupakhya,
 * 17) Chandrasekhar,
 * 18) Lingaraj,
 * 19) Chousathi Jogini,
 * 20) Taratarini,
 * 21) Pataneswari,
 * 22) Mahabinayak,
 * 23) Sidhi Bhairabi,
 * 24) Narayani,
 * 25) Sarala,
 * 26) Bhattarika,
 * 27) Samalai,
 * 28) Hingula,
 * 29) Tarini,
 * 30) Kichikeswari,
 * 31) Bhagabati,
 * 32) Mangala,
 * 33) Charchika,
 * 34) Katakachandi,
 * 35) Byaghradevi,
 * 36) Manikeswari,
 * 37) Alamchandi,

An exclusive bedha (place) is adorned by the tribal deity Matarbnam. It is situated strategically at the entrance of the complex Champakbana. Apart from the famous Ratha Yatra, various major and minor festivals are observed throughout the year and devotees, tourists from far and near throng here to fulfill their spiritual aspirations as it has assumed the divine status of Sacred Peetha (holy shrine). Admision to the temple is open to all without any discrimination. Here the Lord desired to portray himself as a symbol of a holy Culture which abounds in Humanism rather than to be Sectarian. During Ratha Yatra (Car festival) one Tribal Chief does the Chhera Panhanra,(sweeping) on the chariot that is traditionally performed by the Gajapati Maharaja at Puri. The Heads of Tribal Villages around Koraput are honoured on this day at the Chariot with scarfs presented by the Collector & District Magistrate of the Koraput district who happens to be the Working President of the Mandir Trust. One must see to believe when different groups of Tribals come dressed in their traditional and colourful costumes to offer fruits etc. grown by them to their beloved God and to take part in the Ratha Yatra. This is an unique event in the annual cycle of festivals and rituals when the Lords leave their Abode for a brief annual sojourn to mingle with the masses and grant audience to their entire satisfaction. The Tribal Culture Research Centre (TCRC) has been established in conformity with the basic objectives of the Trust. It was inaugurated by the Governor of Odisha Dr. Biswambar Nath Panda in the year 1984. The centre is advancing in its aim in establishing two autonomous institutions- (i) The Tribal Museum in 1992 and (ii) the COATS in 1993. The Tribal Museum is engaged to document and preserve the cultural objects (both material & non-material) of the tribals and the COATS is mainly conducting studies to design suitable module of economic activities for the tribals. When one steps into Sabara Srikhetra, he experiences the unique touch of a Peetha and freedom from the bondage of narrow caste but filled with religious fervour. One can have the psychological satisfaction of the divine bliss of the Lord of the Universe. Koraput is approachable by rail and road and is well connected with different parts outside. A visit to Sabara Srikhetra will be a memorable event in one’s life as it has its appeal of holiness and self satisfaction, and eternal peace. -->

title: Jagannath Temple, Koraput


text:
User:198/Political views

The following is a breakdown of the various political viewpoints held by Mark.

title: User:198/Political views


text:
User:El C/OiHA

'''Overseeing investigations Help Assocation! (Oi HA)' is here, to serve YOU?'' Oi HA is a voluntary association I just created right now. It oversees investigations on Wikipedia in a very ... and special way.

Aim
To oversee all investigations on Wikipedia, as well as groups who oversee such investigations, and groups who oversee them, too, etc. In short, reviewing —and committing— many oversights is our principal aim. We may also oversee oursleves, but obviously (obviously) in a very biased and favourable way.

Organizational structure
The association has a chairman (me!), and it has members. It also has an honourary president & founder —though no actual president— my cat, who has greatly aided me in formulating Oi HA, though he was a bit whiney about it, so his power will be limited to an awe-inspiring figurehead.

Chair
Me, El_C

Honourary president & founder
Kitty

Members
None so far, save the above VIP members.

Applying for Oi HA membership
Applicants shall write about their investigatory accomplishments, skills, and exploits bellow. Note that chances for approval (by all human and non-human members, though the chair can exercize a veto) are slim to none. That's because I have a very short attention span, and extremely low tolerance for other people's views (or more accurately, other people).

Applicant [ insert name ]
Example text: I'm kind of an idiot, and by kind of, I mean, may I join your fine association? signed, someone important.

Likely response: Khaaan! Khaaan!

Investogatory Oversights Ultimatums (I.O.U)
This is the section where anyone can file requests for oversight, but the format must be formulated in the form of an ultimatum or the IOU will be summarily denied, mercilessly laughed at, and discarded in shame. For example, you find that Snowspinner is kicking way too much ass lately, is out of control, and must be stopped at all costs, this needs to be phrased as: You must look into his activities and find damning evidence, –or else– I will bring your pitiful association down. An ultimatum is bound to get my and/or the other members' attention. Of course, it also will invariably turn all of us against YOU. Which makes sense, if you ask me, and you will ask me, or else...

IOU [ Insert subject ]
Example text: Blah, blah, blah, blah-blah, or else... signed, some idiot.

Response: IOU granted/denied.

Other policy and guidelines
Sort of making it up as we go along. Apply for membership today, or submitt an IOU tommorow! It's possibly worth your while, though doubtful.

title: User:El C/OiHA