text:
User talk:GVOLTT

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Transgression.jpg)
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Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Eatenbacktolife-alt.jpg
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If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 07:23, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Arntor.jpg
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If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 07:33, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Pantheon (band) logo.jpg
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If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 14:43, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Galleryofsuicide.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Galleryofsuicide.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 18:57, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Sorrow Throughout the Nine World.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Sorrow Throughout the Nine World.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 07:37, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Summoning2.png
Thanks for uploading Image:Summoning2.png. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 06:23, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Vile.jpeg
Thanks for uploading Image:Vile.jpeg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 02:21, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Versus The World.jpg
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If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 02:36, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Amon Amarth - Thor Arise - Cover.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Amon Amarth - Thor Arise - Cover.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 04:21, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Funeralbandimage.jpeg
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If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 21:43, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Grand_Belials_Key_logo.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Grand_Belials_Key_logo.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use. Suggestions on how to do so can be found here.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Project FMF (talk) 16:05, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

Someone from school is vandalizing my userpage.
Hey. Someone from our school is vandalizing my user page (check out the history). I've semi-protected my page, but User:Aflackduck4ever is also vandalizing my page and he seems to be from the school as well. Anything you can do to help would be great. Thanks dposse (talk) 17:36, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:CKYanswercanbefound.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:CKYanswercanbefound.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. NotifyBot (talk) 13:06, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

Saviours (metal band) article.
I just created a wiki article for a Stoner metal band from California called Saviours. Please, try to contribute to it, okay? Thanks. dposse (talk) 00:38, 17 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks!!!! Any more help you can give to the article would be awesome. I've asked for help at Wikiproject Metal and at the Expansion Request page, as well. dposse (talk) 02:33, 17 June 2008 (UTC)

Angband (band)
Hello sir, I created an article about Angband, but It was deleted. once the previous creator claimed they are the first metal band from Iran to sign a deal with a European records company but didnt have enough sources, I have many sources like: www.lordsofmetal.nl,  www.stormbringer.at ,  www.localradio.pehzeh.net www.metal-rules.com, www.blabbermouth.net and their album has lots of good feedbacks, I created a page in my sandbox:  User:Spada2/Sandbox  the question I have: can I create the page not mentioning the first band thing due to their positive feedbacks? And I've been told that someone in the wikipedia Project Music should review the article first. Thanks in advance--Spada2 (talk) 08:17, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:WhatItIsToBurn.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:WhatItIsToBurn.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 05:05, 16 November 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Throwdownhaymaker.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Throwdownhaymaker.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 05:20, 25 November 2008 (UTC)

THP8
Hello there. Unfortunately, links to profile pages are not notable - see WP:VG/EL: "Inappropriate external links...The video game's page at 1up, GameSpot, IGN, GameSpy and other commercial video game news and reviews sites". Listing the music in the game isn't quite so clear cut, but would still fall under WP:N (soundtracks are generally only notable when released separately, in which case only the songs on the soundtrack should be listed - there are exceptions, like GTA IV, as the music is an important part of it and was commented on in most reviews) or WP:NOT (wikipedia is not a game guide or indiscriminate list of information). Please don't add back the soundtrack or profile pages again, at least without further discussion. Thanks! Fin©™ 12:27, 6 December 2008 (UTC)
 * No problem. I think it'd be best to bring up the soundtrack issue on WT:VG, it'd be much faster to get a response than on the THP8 talk page. I think it might have been discussed before, but I can't remember when, or what the outcome was. Fin©™ 16:46, 6 December 2008 (UTC)

RfD
Hello, I've moved your RfD to Redirects for discussion/Log/2009 January 16, so please check back there for any feedback or watchlist it. --Tikiwont (talk) 10:43, 16 January 2009 (UTC)

Hartford Meetup: We need your help!
The next Connecticut Wikipedia meetup will take place sometime during April 2009 at Real Art Ways cafe and arts center in Hartford, Connecticut. Please list on the meetup page whether or not you can go. Also please contribute ideas for topics and dates! Hope to see you there! This has been an automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) 22:45, 6 February 2009 (UTC)

Connecticut Meetup: You are invited!
The 2nd Connecticute Meetup will take place on April 18th, 2009 at Real Art Ways cafe and arts center in Hartford, Connecticut. Please state whether or not you can attend on the meetup page. This has been an automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) because your name was on the invite list. 16:20, 21 February 2009 (UTC)

Page nominated for deletion
This is to inform you that a page that you have contributed to, List of music videos using animation, has been nominated for deletion. Please vote to help save this article! CFLeon (talk) 21:20, 8 May 2009 (UTC)

Fuck the Facts article
Hi, I noticed your note about the Fuck the Facts article needing references. I wrote up most of that Musical Styles section a while back based mostly on my music theory background and my knowledge of the bands material. I am wondering what would be the best way to source a section like that? That was my primary reason for not adding any references in the first place. Any suggestions would be helpful, since I would like to improve that section and similar sections for other groups. Thanks! Ibanez Guy (talk) 17:44, 5 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the message. I will try and find a suitable clip for the middle period, and maybe see if I can find some external sources for some of the general statements (like "they are grindcore" hehe) and maybe some of the more specific things. Let me know if you think of anything else.  Cheers! Ibanez Guy (talk) 00:20, 6 August 2009 (UTC)

Possibly unfree File:AHS logo.jpg
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:AHS logo.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree files because its copyright status is unclear or disputed. If the file's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the file description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. -- Skier Dude ( talk  04:10, 17 August 2010 (UTC)

Happy Birthday
Armbrust Talk  Contribs  00:12, 3 September 2010 (UTC)

Albert Pujols
Did you mean to do this? It seemed out of line with the rest of your edits. I reverted it, but I wondered if you meant to do this to start a overhaul on the article.?. Thanks--Talk tome (Intelati) 05:32, 3 October 2010 (UTC)
 * That's alright, usually when I see (-2,000)+ it's an archive or a vandal, so I wasn't sure. Thanks--Talk tome (Intelati) 05:43, 3 October 2010 (UTC)
 * BTW, What Browser are you using. I recommend Google Chrome. :)--Talk tome (Intelati) 05:44, 3 October 2010 (UTC)
 * It's (Chrome) fast, safe, and has an minimalistic GUI. I like it, and I moved from Firefox.--Talk tome (Intelati) 06:24, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

Wikify template on 2001 NFL Draft
I'm curious as to why you tagged 2001 NFL Draft for wikification. Can you elaborate on the particular deficiencies in this article that you would expect to be addressed? Thanks. — DeeJayK (talk) 16:31, 16 January 2012 (UTC)

You're invited! New England Wikimedia General Meeting
Message delivered by Dominic at 08:39, 11 April 2012 (UTC). Note: You can remove your name from this meetup invite list here.

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:54, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

How margin of error works — Statewide opinion polling, Democratic Party primaries, 2016
User All4peace (talk) has initiated a discussion, on the article talk page on English Wikipedia about how we present MOE.

I would very‐much appreciate your participation ! Info por favor (talk) 23:22, 25 November 2015 (UTC)

List Of Elvis Presley songs covered by other artists listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect List Of Elvis Presley songs covered by other artists. Since you had some involvement with the List Of Elvis Presley songs covered by other artists redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. Steel1943 (talk) 14:14, 13 December 2018 (UTC)

Community Insights Survey
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Happy Birthday!
 Happy Birthday! Have a very happy birthday on your special day!

Best wishes, CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 18:28, 3 September 2020 (UTC)

Happy Birthday!
 Wishing GVOLTT a very happy birthday on behalf of the Birthday Committee! CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 15:37, 3 September 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:GVOLTT


text:
Reconstructive surgery

Reconstructive surgery is surgery performed to restore normal appearance and function to body parts malformed by a disease or medical condition.

Description
Reconstructive surgery is a term with training, clinical, and reimbursement implications. It has historically been referred to as synonymous with plastic surgery. In regard to training, plastic surgery is a recognized medical specialty and a surgeon can be a "board-certified" plastic surgeon by the American Board of Plastic Surgery. However, reconstructive surgery is not a specialty and there are no board-certified reconstructive surgeons.

More accurately, reconstructive surgery should be contrasted with cosmetic surgery. Reconstructive surgery is performed to

 * 1) Improve/restore to normal function.
 * 2) Restore to a normal appearance of "abnormal" or "malformed" body parts caused by the disease or condition and/or
 * 3) Improve the patient's quality of life.

Separately, the patient must be healthy enough so that the benefits of the procedure outweigh the risks of complications or death. A procedure could be considered reconstructive but not medically necessary due to the risk to the patient.

In addition, Section 1862(a) (1) (A) of the Social Security Act directs the following: "No payment may be made under Part A or Part B for any expenses incurred for items or services not reasonable and necessary for the diagnosis or treatment of illness or injury or to improve the functioning of a malformed body member." Therefore, outside clinical interpretation and carrier guidelines, there is a federal statute that "improving functionality and restoring appearance" are covered as reconstructive and medically necessary.

This definition is contrasted with cosmetic surgery performed to improve aesthetics or the appearance of a body part. A plastic surgeon can perform both reconstructive and cosmetic procedures. Some procedures, such as a panniculectomy (aka tummy tuck) can be considered as cosmetic by one insurance company and reconstructive by another. The surgeon may not be using the Medicare or reimbursement criteria when referring to a procedure as reconstructive or cosmetic. Plastic surgeons, maxillo-facial surgeons and otolaryngologists do reconstructive surgery on faces to correct congenital defects, after trauma and to reconstruct the head and neck after cancer.

Another good example is repair of a cleft palate, or cheiloplasty, which surgically corrects abnormal development, restores function to the lips and mouth and produces a more normal appearance. This meets the definition of reconstructive surgery and is mandated by state laws in at least 31 states, but could be denied as cosmetic by individual insurance companies in the remaining states.

Other branches of surgery (e.g., general surgery, gynecological surgery, pediatric surgery, plastic surgery, podiatric surgery) also perform some reconstructive procedures.

Reconstructive surgery represents a small but critical component of the comprehensive care of cancer patients. Its primary role in the treatment of cancer patients is to extend the ability of other surgeons and specialists to more radically treat cancer, offering patients the best opportunity for cure.

Reconstructive surgeons use the concept of a reconstructive ladder to manage increasingly complex wounds. This ranges from very simple techniques such as primary closure and dressings to more complex skin grafts, tissue expansion, and free flaps.

Reconstructive surgery procedures include breast implant removal, reduction mammoplasty, breast reconstruction, surgical correction of birth anomalies, congenital nevi surgery, and liposuction for lipedema. Cosmetic surgery procedures include breast enhancement, reduction and lift, face lift, forehead lift, upper and lower eyelid surgery (blepharoplasty), laser skin resurfacing (laser resurfacing), chemical peel, nose reshaping (rhinoplasty), reconstruction liposuction, Nasal reconstruction using a paramedian forehead flap, as well as tummy tuck (abdominoplasty).

Use of implants and biomaterials
Recent literature in medline also has noted implementation of barbed suture in these procedures.

Biomaterials are, in their simplest form, plastic implants used to correct or replace damaged body parts. Biomaterials were not used for reconstructive purposes until after World War II due to the new and improved technology and the tremendous need for the correction of damaged body parts that could replace transplantation. The process involves scientific and medical research to ensure that the biomaterials are biocompatible and that they can assume the mechanical and functioning roles of the components they are replacing.

A successful implantation can best be achieved by a team that understands not only the anatomical, physiological, biochemical, and pathological aspects of the problem, but also comprehends bioengineering. Cellular and tissue engineering is crucial to know for reconstructive procedures.

An overview of the standardization and control of biomedical devices has recently been gathered by D. G. Singleton. Papers have covered in depth the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Premarket Approval Process (J. L. Ely) and FDA regulations governing Class III devices. Two papers have described how the National Institute of Standards and Technology, American Dental Association, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and private dental companies have collaborated in a number of important advances in dental materials, devices, and analytical systems.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Reconstructive surgery


text:
User:MattGemmell

Computing Science honours students at the University of Glasgow.

Blog and personal info can be found here: http://mattgemmell.com/

title: User:MattGemmell


text: Talk:Parage

title: Talk:Parage


text:
User talk:MattGemmell

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
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Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 19:30, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:MattGemmell


text:
User talk:Gaupepasser

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 19:30, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)

Creating Articles
Good work creating new articles. When you create things, it helps tremendously to assign them to an accurate category (see WP:CG for info). If you're really not sure about categories, at least assign your new articles a stub category (see WP:SC for info). By assigning a category, you help make sure your new articles don't get lost as 'orphans' that are not associated with related topics. Feco 19:40, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Indie movie
I have changed this article into a redirect to Independent film, which more extensively covers the same subject. Keep up the good work in creating new articles, if you have any questions, or need any help, please feel free to ask. Rje 19:45, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Margarin.gif
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The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. BRossow 16:05, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gaupepasser


text:
User talk:Jpollock

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 19:30, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)

Newfoundland tricolor
Hi, I've made a smaller PNG version of the Newfoundland tricolor flag you at one stage uploaded. (Image:Nfldflag tri.jpg ⇒ Image:Nfldflag tri.png). I've listed the original for deletion – hope this is OK. Mysid ( talk ) 13:11, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

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Request to move article List of universities and colleges on Prince Edward Island incomplete
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List of universities and colleges in Prince Edward Island
Hey, I saw your edit summaries on the two lists, and your move method violates the GFDL. If you need help moving a page, check out WP:MOVE. I hope this helps. :-) Me-123567-Me (talk) 23:04, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Jpollock


text:
User talk:Sessions1980

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 19:30, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. --The Grza 21:52, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)

Welcome!
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

OK, Raman. More specifically, I'd like to urge you not to use so many different accounts (User:Rrampal, User:Pharlap, User:Sessions1980...)!

Also, could you put more information on the images you upload? Thanks. — Chameleon 09:06, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sessions1980


text:
User talk:Urbansky~enwiki

Welcome!

'''Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my New-Users' Talk Page.'''

Additional tips:
 * Here are some extra tips to help you get around Wikipedia:
 * If you want to play around with your new Wiki skills, try the Sandbox.
 * Click on the Edit button on a page, and look at how other editors did what they did.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: ~~~. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too. Always sign comments on Talk pages, never sign Articles.
 * You might want to add yourself to the New User Log
 * If your first language isn't English, try Contributing to articles outside your native language

Happy editing! Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 19:30, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Urbansky. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Urbansky~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:15, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 20:06, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Urbansky~enwiki


text:
Amritapuri

Amritapuri, originally Parayakadavu, is the main Ashram of Mata Amritanandamayi Devi, the spiritual master, also called "the hugging saint" or Amma, which means 'mother' in many South Indian languages. This place is also the international headquarters of Mata Amritanandamayi Math.

It is located in the state of Kerala, which is 8 km away from Karunagappally, 29 km away from Kollam, about 110 km north of Thiruvananthapuram, and 120 km south of Kochi. Amritapuri is also the name by which the location of the ashram is now known.

Amritapuri is spread over 100 acres of land and is also the headquarters, and one of the seven campuses of the Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, alias Amrita University.

Embracing the World is a global charity foundation operating under Mata Amritanandamayi Math.

History of the Ashram
Initially, the Ashram was Amma's family home. Gradually, as Amma attracted more disciples, huts were built for them. In the same manner, the simple room where Amma still stays was also made. Throughout the early years of the Ashram, Darshan took place in the family cowshed. The cowshed was eventually converted into a small temple, the Kalari, which still exists today (it is now used to conduct pujas.)

Eventually, the number of visitors coming for Amma's darshan surpassed the Kalari's capacity. The Kali Temple was built at this time. It was the first large cement structure in the Ashram, built with only a modest budget, and took five years to finish (1988 to 1992). The Kali murti (based on the Kali at Dakhshineshwar Kali Temple) was crafted in Kolkata as per Amma's directions. The Kali Temple served as Amma's Darshan hall for the next few years.

After 2000, the Kali temple became too small for the large crowds coming to the Ashram, and an immense hall was built behind the temple. The main Darshan hall is the largest such hall in Southern India (30,000 sq. feet) with a seamless view with no obstructions. This main hall is where bhajans and darshan are held regularly.

Amritapuri now consists of flats for householders and visitors, hostels for students who study at the ashram college, large dining halls, offices and departments, and a hospital. After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, (when the Ashram was severely affected) the Amrita Setu Bridge was constructed for easy accessibility across the river. The bridge was inaugurated by APJ Abdul Kalam, former president of India.

Transport
Nearest KSRTC bus stations -  1. Oachira (5 km)  2. Karunagappalli (9 km)

Nearest railway stations -

1. Oachira (ocr) (9 km) 2. Karunagappally (kpy) (9 km),  3. Kayamkulam (kyj) (15 km) Nearest municipalities- 1.Karunagappalli (9 km)  2.Kayamkulam (14 km)

title: Amritapuri


text:
Sunlight Makes Me Paranoid

Sunlight Makes Me Paranoid is the debut full-length album by American rock band Elefant. Originally released on April 8, 2003 by Kemado Records, it was re-released in October 2004 on Hollywood Records following the success of the single "Misfit".

Track listing

 * 1) "Make Up" (3:21)
 * 2) "Now That I Miss Her" (2:37)
 * 3) "Misfit" (3:14)
 * 4) "Bokkie" (3:36)
 * 5) "Tonight Let's Dance" (3:07)
 * 6) "Static on Channel 4" (2:18)
 * 7) "Sunlight Makes Me Paranoid" (4:19)
 * 8) "Annie" (3:15)
 * 9) "Love" (4:01)
 * 10) "Ester" (2:49)

title: Sunlight Makes Me Paranoid


text:
Talk:Dittohead

"RUSH: All right. Here’s the explanation. Back when this show started August 1st, 1988, it took the nation by storm because there was nothing like it in the national media. The national media was all liberal. Here was this conservative program that reflected the views of millions of people. As people would call in, the first couple minutes of their call, literally, they’d spend thanking me and talking about how great it was to have something like this on the radio, finally, it was so great, and I, of course, loved hearing it. After a while, after about six months, it finally just grew old. It was delaying getting to the discussion of the issues. A woman called from I think it was like New Hampshire, and after just one of those calls, said, ‘Ditto to what they guy just said.’ So ditto means, ‘I love the program. Don’t ever go away.’ It doesn’t mean, ‘I agree with you.’ It doesn’t mean, ‘You’re always right.’ It means, ‘I love the program.’ Mega dittos means, ‘I really love — I, mean I adore — this program. It’s the only program!’ That’s what mega dittos means." https://www.rushlimbaugh.com/daily/2011/05/19/the_limbaugh_lexicon_dittos/  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 45.46.155.68 (talk) 18:32, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

I completely disagree with the substance of this article. Saying "ditto" is a shorthand for "What you said, I agree with." And "mega-dittos" cannot be interpreted to mean anything other than "I agree with you completely." Anyone using the term "mega-dittos" to mean anything else is making a fool of himself. I agree (avoiding any obvious "ditto" jokes here). The language is a bit stronger than what I might have said, but the article appears to be very much whitewashed, like an apolgist's response to liberal criticism that such groups lack independent thought. Just check our local article on the word ditto. It's a disambiguation page, but the meaning ascribed to "dittohead" in this article is clearly misleading, if its original user indeed meant what the article says, or again, the work of an apologist if not. I'm sure there are some less ashamed fans of Rush out there. Can we hear from you? --BDD The article a factually accurate representation of the term "ditto" within the context of the Rush Limbaugh program. While you are correct that "'mega-dittos' cannot be interpreted to mean anything other than 'I agree with you completely.'" the term is not being directed at the host, but at fellow callers. This has been explained dozens and dozens of times on the show itself by callers who have shared your misunderstanding of the term. I'm not going to claim that callers have never claimed that their "mega-ditto"s is directed at other callers, but I've never heard one claim this. Since you agree that maga-dittos means "I agree completely" don't you find it odd to say to someone I agree with completely will actually meaning that you agree completely with someone else who isn't even present? I can almost see how a caller might use the phrase to mean I agree completely with the previous caller, but it's often uttered by the first caller of the day. But really does it matter who the callers are agreeing completly with? The fact remainas that it mean "I agree completely" and the article should reflect this.--198.93.113.49 17:53, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC) The question is, however, what exactly is one agreeing to when one says "megaditto"? And the answer to that question has been provided MANY times on the Limbaugh show and it has always been explained that it is entirely independent of whether or not one agrees with Mr. Limbaugh's views. This has been explained on many occasions. The term was originally coined when in 1988 a caller went on at length about how much he liked the show, and the next caller said something to the effect of "ditto what that guy said." It has since become shorthand to describe how much one enjoys the show, not how much one agrees with Limbaugh. It in no way is an expression of ideological solidarity with Mr. Limbaugh and the attempts to edit this definition to describe it as such as simply factually wrong. 68.14.90.253 21:55, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC) As I already said, anyone using mega-dittos to mean anything other than "I agree with you completely" is making a fool of himself. You even said, "you are correct that 'mega-dittos' cannot be interpreted to mean anything other than 'I agree with you completely'." But now you claim it simply means "I enjoy the show".--198.93.113.49 13:56, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC) As I already said, anyone using mega-dittos to mean anything other than "I agree with you completely" is making a fool of himself.

Fine, but who is "you" in that statement? Answer: not Limbaugh.

But now you claim it simply means "I enjoy the show"

Yes, now it is a form of shorthand that means that. Originally it meant "I agree with the person who spoke at length about liking the show." It's never meant that one agrees with Limbaugh's views.

FYI, Limbaugh explained this YET AGAIN at 2:36 EST 6/9/2005 on his show. Limbaugh can explain that black is white and day is night for all I care. I'm sure the "dittoheads" will all say "mega-dittos". But here in the real word you don't day to someone "I agree with you completely" and then turn around and claim that the "you" in that sentence refers to a bunch of strangers who aren't even present and who haven't even been mentioned, and that a "agree completely" is a shorthand for "I enjoy your show". And you wonder why dittoheads get accused of group think!--198.93.113.49 14:29, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC) Well, that statement really gets to the heart of your problem. You aren't interested in facts; instead you'd rather try to rewrite the definition of a term you don't understand in order to attack those who don't share your ideological views. Wikipedia is poorly served by such behavior.

 * I'm not the one trying to rewrite the defintion of the term. I was listening to Rush today and a caller called in to ask Rush's opinion of Tom Sneden. The first thing the caller said was "Dittos to you" (emphasis added). Rush's response was "Thank you." Anyone who thinks that "Dittos to you" mean "Dittos to the other callers" and that Rush was thanking the man on behalf of all the other callers is guilty of trying to rewrite the defintions.--198.93.113.49 16:59, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

You still don't get it. Ditto means "the same as stated before." The message that was "stated before" was a statement made by a CALLER about how much he LIKED THE SHOW. When one says "ditto" or "megaditto" therefore, one is saying - in shorthand form - that they LIKE THE SHOW, not that they are stating that they believe exactly statements Limbaugh has made before, e.g. that that they agree with him. Therefore, when a caller says "dittos to you" he's saying "I love the show (as the original caller stated immediately preceding the coining of the term, years ago)." They aren't saying "Dittos" TO THE OTHER CALLERS, they are saying "I am saying the same thing as the other caller[s]" - specifically, "I like the show."

 * That's just non-sensical. Callers often say "dittos" even when the last caller called in to complain about the show. Are they dittoing the complaints? Or are you claiming that they are dittoing some guy who called years ago? I'm sorry but ditto does not mean I agree with what some guy just said over a decade ago--198.93.113.49 19:44, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC.)

I'm sorry but ditto does not mean I agree with what some guy just said over a decade ago

Yes, that's exactly what it means. Please consult the many, many times this has actually been explained on Limbaugh's show and elsewhere. Until then you simply don't know what you're discussing, and your continued debating the point is a waste of everyone's time.

 * No that is not what it means. The word ditto had a meaning before it was ever used on the Rush Limbaugh show. And Rush's callers using it differently will never change the word's meaning. It may be a code word for "I like the show" to Rushes callers. But that bring sme back to my orinigal point. People using ditto to mean something other than what it actually means are making fools of themselves.--198.93.113.49 14:54, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * No that is not what it means. The word ditto had a meaning before it was ever used on the Rush Limbaugh show.

So what? We're discussing the term dittohead in the context of the Rush Limbaugh Show.

It may be a code word for "I like the show" to Rushes callers.

I'm glad you're finally acknowledging reality.

People using ditto to mean something other than what it actually means are making fools of themselves.

Well, that's a remarkably arrogant attitude you insist on flinging around. Are you against all forms of slang? Do you run screaming from the room when Michael Jackson's song Bad is played? I guess you think Phat Farm clothing should only be worn by overweight people. Apparently every time someone says something is cool or hot you must think they're talking about the temperature. Interesting.

Slang may be non-standard but it is still widely used. A person using bad to mean good is not adopting a special meaning that only he and the rest of his clique understand. If Rush's minions want to use ditto to mean something completely at odds with the actual meaning it's no skin of my teeth, but the word ditto will go right on meaning what it means in the real world. And any Dittohead who expects people to interpret their "ditto" as not meaning ditto but meaning "I agree with that caller who called years ago to say that he likes your show" is stupid.--198.93.113.49 13:38, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

"Slang may be non-standard but it is still widely used. A person using bad to mean good is not adopting a special meaning that only he and the rest of his clique understand."

Nonsense. Most slang only has meaning within its own cultural subgroup. This is no different.

If Rush's minions want to use ditto to mean something completely at odds with the actual meaning it's no skin of my teeth,

First of all, Limbaugh has listeners, not "minions." Secondly, obviously it is "skin of sic [your] teeth" since you continue to attempt to insert factually incorrect information into a non-controversial wikipedia definition.

but the word ditto will go right on meaning what it means in the real world.

We aren't debating what ditto means outside of the context of the Rush Limbaugh Show. How many times do you need that point repeated?

And any Dittohead who expects people to interpret their "ditto" as not meaning ditto but meaning "I agree with that caller who called years ago to say that he likes your show" is stupid.

Childish insults that fly in the face of factual information won't win you any arguments.

 * Being a hypocrite and hurling insults at me but crying when they come your way won't win you any arguments either. As for not debating what the word "ditto" means. What the word means is relevant to the discussion. You obviously aren't paying attention to anything I'm saying. Go back to the top and try reading my post again. Repeat as many times as necessary.--198.93.113.49 14:59, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)

As you have ceased attempting to discuss the article in question, this discussion is over.

Limbaugh explained the term as "someone who likes the show and hopes it never goes away" yet again - today at 2:52 Eastern. He did so in correcting someone who thought it meant that she agreed with Limbaugh. 12.148.243.34 18:52, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

Limbaugh and whichever dittohead feels like it can explain all they want: A dittohead is a dittohead. The show IS Rush Limbaugh, if you like the show, you are liking Limbaugh nand everything he stands for. A dittohead goes along with OTHER dittoheads who go laong with Limbaugh. What's there to discuss?

Are you dittoheads EMBARRASSED to be in lockstep with each other? Or have we Lib'ruls intruded in your little fantasy world thatyou are somehow courageously independent Conservative thinkers when actually you leave your brain and scruples at the door when the golden EIB microphone powers on and calls you to listen?

Really. You people are PATHETIC.

 * Childish insults that fly in the face of factual information won't win you any arguments.

- This talk page has been a fascinating read. The attempts by Rush Limbaugh's detractors to redefine the term "dittohead" have been interesting, to say the least. Can anyone cite an instance where this term has been used outside of the context of the Rush Limbaugh show? If not, then the definition seems spot-on. I wonder though if this might be a better 'fit' on Wiktionary than Wikipedia. Gregmg 16:03, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism starts here -> —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 216.133.14.82 (talk • contribs).

 * Limbaugh detractors invented the term "dittohead" as a way to claim his listeners unthinkingly agree with him. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.47.234.131 (talk • contribs).

<- Here endeth the factually incorrect vandalism. Have a nice day. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 216.133.14.82 (talk • contribs).

Vandalism of this talk page
This is the the talk page for the Dittohead article. This is also an open forum. It is exceptionally bad form to remove comments left by other users on this page. Generally, anything other than profanity or vandalism should remain on a talk page. Whether or not someone's comments contribute anything useful to the discussion is irrelevant. DO NOT REMOVE COMMENTS FROM THIS OR ANY OTHER TALK PAGE, unless of course they represent vandalism, are laced with profanity, or violate Wikipedia policy or guidelines. Gregmg 02:45, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

Redirect target
I think it would be better to redirect to the D section of the Jargon article. Thoughts?—Red Baron 22:56, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

Start of another contribution - please separate from the above if possible.

What has happened to the dittohead article? There used to be an article explaining, albeit incorrectly, what the writer thought the term meant and how it was derived from the Rush Limbaugh Radio Show. Does this article still exist? Current search on yahoo for dittohead only links to this talk page and the general Rush Limbaugh page.

I will attempt to paraphrase what the previous article said, which was written by somebody of liberal bias, or lacking intellectual honesty. There was a reported quote from Rush Limbaugh explaining his recollection of the origin. Whether Rush recalled it incorrectly or the writer translated it incorrectly, the explanation was opposite the actual event. It claimed something like a caller said how much she agreed with him, and she was a loyal follower, and heaped praise upon Rush. That is the part that was incorrect. I have forgotten what was the name of that lady, or where she was calling from, but she was quite charming and eloquent. The correct part was that the next caller started his conversation with Rush with "what she said, me too" or words to that effect. Then the next caller (third) may have said "Me three" or words to that effect. Either that third caller or the fourth caller started the conversation with Rush by saying "Ditto what that lady said" or words to that effect. If there was another caller that day, they also started the call with "Many dittos" or words to that effect. This was the end of the broadcast day for the Rush Limbaugh Show on this day. That was either a Thursday or a Friday. On the next day's broadcast the very first caller started the conversation with "Dittos" and each subsequent caller issued a version of "Dittos" including early on "megadittos." These expressions were all indicating agreement with the comments and sentiments of that first lady who explained why she enjoyed listening to the Rush Limbaugh Radio Show.

Liberals who try to explain what she said will mistakenly default to what they know - a proclamation that Rush is their leader, we will follow whatever he says, and we await his pronouncements to learn what we should think. This is because liberals who cannot think for themselves must rely upon somebody to tell them what to think - their teacher, their professor, Hollywood, of the Mainstream Liberal Media, which all seem to have an organized or orchestrated framework of talking points to keep the unthinking liberals in line. This is the opposite of what the lady said, and because it is the foundation for what the "Dittos" refer to, it is key.

What the lady said, or explained, I will attempt to recapture here. I have no access to archives from that fall day in 1988, so citation would be hard to find. She explained that across America, there were teaming millions of independently thinking people screaming at their TVs or radios whenever they heard the liberal drivel spew forth, each of these individuals who could think for themselves could see right through the gibberish that the liberals passed for "news" stories and lies. All of these people, individually thinking the same thing as the others without knowing about the others or communicating with the others, were all essentially in agreement with each other. Yet in their lives they interacted with liberals who mindlessly seemed to just follow whatever liberal lies were proffered, and they did not adequately explain to their acquaintance liberals how wrong they were. And the same thing that each of them independently were thinking was what Rush Limbaugh said on his show. Rush was more eloquent than they were. Rush was not telling them what to think, but was saying the same things they had each been thinking themselves, with the same conclusions they had all come to independently before. Rush was is essence the default spokesman for them, not because he claimed to be or they elected him to be, but because he was saying the exact same things they were already saying in their minds. Plus, his show allowed these people to also hear the vast multitudes who also agreed with them and their thoughts, as opposed to the liberal sheeple they were surrounded with and forced to interact with in their daily lives.

I was riding passenger in our work truck at the time of that call. If I had been driving I would have needed to pull over, for i could not see clearly by the time she have finished saying her piece.

The key difference is that the unthinking liberals require a leader to teach them what they must think in order to maintain their liberal delusions. But the conservatives who constantly think for themselves do not need any Rush or other leader to tell them what to think, yet they find that all those teeming millions of independent thinkers find that Rush is saying the same thing they have been thinking. This lack of leadership structure is what the liberals cannot comprehend, because it is foreign to them - and they may understand that when they begin to think for themselves, they will cease to be liberals anymore. This is why liberals must always cast conservatives into the template of followers, because they cannot yet understand the intellectually honest facts.Ronws (talk) 01:24, 8 April 2015 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ronws (talk • contribs) 00:47, 8 April 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dittohead


text:
RLG

RLG may refer to:

 * Research Libraries Group, a former U.S.-based library consortium
 * Ring laser gyroscope
 * Rostock Laage Airport (IATA airport code)
 * Royal Lao Government

title: RLG


text:
User:Kylewinters

Hi I'm Kyle Winters.

title: User:Kylewinters


text:
Talk:Harris Wofford

Wofford's involvement in world federalism
Interesting story:
 * The U.W.F. movement started in a bathtub, roughly speaking, some seven years ago. Harris Wofford, a student at an eastern high-school, heard Clarence Streit (author of "Union Now") over the radio, while bathing. Inspired by Streit's plea for a supra-national government, Wofford leaped out of the tub and proceeded to form an organization known as the Student Federalists. But it wasn't until after the San Francisco Conference in 1945 that the campaign for One World began to give off steam. - The Harvard Crimson, Mar. 11, 1949. Rad Racer | Talk 19:32, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Elizabethtown College honorary degree
Are recipients of honorary degrees typically considered alumni of the institution that granted those degrees? Wofford is very famously an alumnus of Howard University, so it is kind of misleading to see the Elizabethtown College alumni category listed.

 * The answer to your question is "no". And someone else has already removed that category. -- John Broughton (♫♫) 17:11, 6 December 2014 (UTC)

Does he have some resemblance to Hubert Humphrey?
That occurred to me years ago (I first heard of him in 1991), but I said nothing, because he was a political candidate.) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.63.16.20 (talk) 19:40, 18 March 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Harris Wofford


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/The Shroomery

Keep - The Shroomery is a site dedicated to helping people identify wild mushrooms and information on mushroom growing. All types of mushroom growing. The other drug forum is a place to help people understand the dangers of other drugs. To delete the Shroomery from Wiki would be a very bad message to the Mushroom Community as a whole. And would show that censorship is what the Wiki community is all about. Thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerly, Roadkill, a Shroomery Moderator.


text:
Florida Power & Light

Florida Power & Light Company (FPL), the principal subsidiary of NextEra Energy Inc. (formerly FPL Group, Inc.), is the largest power utility in Florida. It is a Juno Beach, Florida-based power utility company serving roughly 5 million customers and 11 million people in Florida. It is a rate-regulated electric utility that generates, transmits, distributes and sells electric energy. In 2020, the company was ranked as the nation's most reliable electric power utility for the fifth time in six years.

In January 2021, Gulf Power Company was merged into FPL, extending the combined service territory into northwest Florida. Gulf Power operated as a separate division within FPL through 2021.

History

Early power stations in Florida were primarily used to manufacture ice and sell excess power during off-hours from manufacturing. By the 1920s, demand for power had grown sufficiently that the excess power produced by the ice plants no longer met the need. During 1924–1925, American Power & Light (APL) purchased power stations in Florida and connected them to provide more consistent power in the network. In December 1925, APL spun off its Florida properties into a new subsidiary, FPL, to replace the Miami Beach Electric Company. The following year, a hurricane hit Miami, damaging much of the electrical infrastructure. APL paid to repair the damage and build two new power stations. By early 1927, FPL had 115,000 customers.

1950-2009
The company continued to expand its customer base and generating power, and in 1950 became independently listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, FPL built new power stations, including Florida's first nuclear power plant at Turkey Point, which began operation in October 1972. The company launched the Watt-Wise home energy audit program in 1978, designed to improve energy efficiency and reduce energy demand during peak demand. In 1984, FPL created the holding company FPL Group for acquisitions and the creation of companies. FPL became the first non-Japanese company to win the Deming Prize for quality in 1989. In 1990, FPL Group began expanding its reach beyond Florida, purchasing a majority stake in a Georgia Power generation facility that year. Over the course of the next two decades, FPL expanded into the southern and eastern United States, creating a new holding group in 1998, FPL Energy, to manage the company's efforts in electricity markets outside of FPL's service area. It acquired a controlling stake in New Hampshire's Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant in 2002 and acquired Texas-based Gexa Energy in 2005. The company also launched the telecommunications subsidiary FPL FiberNet during this time. FPL's customer base reached 4 million in 2002.

During the early 2000s, FPL began modernizing its power generation infrastructure, resulting in reduced emissions of flue gas, fuel costs, and oil usage; by 2013, the company was using fewer than 1 million barrels of oil annually. In 2007, the company was the largest utility in Florida. That year, the Florida Public Service Commission rejected an FPL proposal to build a coal-fired power station near Moore Haven, Florida.

At the end of the 2000s, FPL Group and FPL Energy rebranded and were renamed NextEra Energy and NextEra Energy Resources, respectively.

2009-present
In 2009, the company started installing smart meters, which communicate with FPL via radio transmissions and provide alerts for outages. The same year, environmental activists camped near the Barley Barber Swamp in protest of the closure of the swamp to public access. The activists claimed FPL was draining the area; the company denied the allegations and said it was working with state and local officials to reopen the area to the public. Seventeen protesters were arrested for trespassing and resisting arrest during the demonstration.

In March 2010, FPL Group Inc. changed its name to NextEra Energy Inc. to "modernize" the company's image. The stock ticker changed from FPL to NEE.

In March 2015, FPL launched a Power Delivery Diagnostic Center which uses smart grid technology to manage the electric system in order to maintain reliable service.

In 2016, the company had about 74000 miles of power lines in Florida.

In January 2021 Gulf Power Company was legally merged into FPL, extending FPL's service territory into Northwest Florida. Gulf Power will operate as a separate division within FPL through 2021. The two companies will be regulated as separate entities until the Florida Public Service Commission approves the consolidation of their tariffs. In consequence, FPL would also assume Gulf Power's share of the Scherer plant, as well as its share of the Daniel Generating Plant in Jackson County, Mississippi, which Gulf Power co-owned with its former sister company, Mississippi Power.

In July 2022, FPL started charging ratepayers a $25 minimum bill. Under a minimum bill, you’re required to pay a certain amount to your utility each month, even if you don’t use any electricity.

Power generation
Natural gas is the main fuel used by Florida Power and Light Company (FPL) to generate energy, and accounts for 78 percent of the company's energy capacity mix. In 2020, eight percent of capacity was sourced from renewables, namely solar energy. FPL is the principal subsidiary of NextEra Energy. NextEra Energy and its other subsidiaries, particularly NextEra Energy Resources, have significantly different generation profiles.

FPL Cape Canaveral Next Generation Energy Center
An 800 MW dual fuel facility was built near Cape Canaveral in 1965 to supply power to the new Kennedy Space Center. The original FPL Cape Canaveral power plant was demolished on August 22, 2010, to make way for the FPL Cape Canaveral Next Generation Energy Center. The FPL Cape Canaveral Next Generation Energy Center in Sharpes, Florida was completed and opened in April 2013. The 1,200 MW combined-cycle natural gas-fired facility was 33 percent more efficient than the plant it replaced and produced half the carbon dioxide emissions, 90 percent less pollutants, and had a 50 percent greater capacity. The plant cost $900 million to complete, which was about $140 million under the projected budget.

FPL Port Everglades Next Generation Clean Energy Center
The FPL Port Everglades power plant, which began operation in 1960, was demolished on July 16, 2013, to make way for a new combined cycle facility. The FPL Port Everglades Next Generation Clean Energy Center started construction in 2014 and opened in 2016 as a 1,250 MW facility.

FPL Riviera Beach Next Generation Clean Energy Center
The FPL Riviera Beach power plant, commissioned in 1946, was demolished on June 19, 2011. Construction began in the first quarter of 2012 on the 1,250 MW Next Generation Energy Center by Zachry Holdings. The new plant has three 265 MW combustion engines and one 500 MW steam generator and began service in April 2014.

FPL West County Energy Center
The West County Energy Center began operating in 2009. Before it was built, activists claimed the power plant was a threat to the nearby wildlife refuge and the ecosystem of the Everglades. Because the plant uses large amounts of water to cool its turbines which can reach up to 1100 °F, activists also argued that millions of gallons of waste water will be deep-well injected below the Floridan aquifer daily, putting a strain on water supplies in South Florida if the power plant was completed. FPL responded stating that the plant reuses water up to six times in the plant. More than a dozen governmental agencies signed off on the plant which was approved by the governor and cabinet.

FPL Martin Next Generation Solar Energy Center
Martin Next Generation Solar Energy Center is the first hybrid solar facility combining a solar thermal array with a combined cycle natural gas power plant in the world. The 74.5 MW plant began operation in December 2010. The plant has 190,000 mirrors spread over 500 acres.

FPL DeSoto Next Generation Solar Energy Center
The 25 MW DeSoto Next Generation Solar Energy Center was completed in October 2009. The plant has more than 90,000 photovoltaic panels over 235 acres. DeSoto was the largest solar plant in the country in 2010.

Nuclear facilities
In 1965, FPL announced the building of a $100 million nuclear power plant at Turkey Point. The company announced in 2015 that it had started construction on an expansion to the Turkey Point nuclear facility. The expansion of Turkey Point Nuclear facility received criticism from some South Florida mayors over concerns about high water usage, insufficient evacuation zones and increased risks from rising sea levels. FPL responded that they were working to find a solution.

FPL has two nuclear power plants including the St. Lucie Nuclear Power Plant in St. Lucie, Florida (Hutchinson Island) and Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station. Combined, these two plants produce more than 3,000 megawatts of power.

Other plants
Two power plants were completed in Martin County in 1994.

In January 2015, FPL announced it would build three solar plants in order to triple its solar capacity as well as a natural-gas fired plant in Okeechobee County. The photovoltaic plants will produce approximately 74.5 MW each. The FPL Citrus Solar Energy Center will be located in DeSoto County, FPL Babcock Ranch Solar Energy Center will be in Charlotte County, and FPL Manatee Solar Energy Center in Manatee County will be on the site of an existing fuel-efficient natural gas power plant that FPL operates. FPL plans grid energy storage with 409 MW of power and 900 MWh of energy at the site.

By 2018, 8 additional PV solar sites were in service at 75 MW each.

Pipelines
FPL issued a request-for-proposals (RFP) in December 2012 for new natural gas transportation infrastructure into and within Florida. FPL awarded the projects to two firms: Sabal Trail Transmission, LLC and Florida Southeast Connection, LLC. FPL will purchase approximately 400 million cubic feet per day beginning in 2017, and will increase to about 600 million cubic feet per day in 2020.

Sabal Trail Transmission Pipeline, a joint venture of Spectra Energy Corp. and NextEra Energy, Inc., will include nearly 500 miles of interstate natural gas pipeline that will originate in southwestern Alabama and transport natural gas to Georgia and Florida. It will terminate at a new Central Florida Hub south of Orlando, Florida, where it will interconnect with the two existing natural gas pipelines that currently serve central and southern Florida. The Sabal Trail pipeline will be capable of transporting more than 1 billion cubic feet per day of natural gas to serve local distribution companies, industrial users and natural gas-fired power generators in the Southeast U.S.

Florida Southeast Connection, LLC is a wholly owned subsidiary of NextEra Energy. To connect with FPL's operations, Florida Southeast Connection will construct a separate, 126 mile pipeline from Sabal Trail's Central Florida Hub to FPL's Martin Clean Energy Center in Indiantown, Florida.

Wildlife
Surrounding the FPL operated Turkey Point Nuclear Power Plant is 168 miles of cooling water canals that attract American crocodiles, which nest in the canals. These canals are home to endangered loggerhead sea turtles, manatees, and crocodiles that are tracked by the plants monitoring program. The sea turtle protection program has tagged over 12,000 sea turtles in 25 years. This program is one of the largest databases of wild captured sea turtles in the world. The College of Turtle Knowledge teaches the public about the study of turtles and how they are being protected.

The cooling outflow of the Riviera Beach Clean Energy Center attracts manatees which seek warm waters. In February 2015, construction began on the Florida Power and Light Manatee Education Center. It will include exhibits and meeting space, a boardwalk, and a manatee web cam.

Solar energy
FPL began its program Solar for Schools in 2013 and has installed solar arrays at more than 100 schools and non-profit educational centers across Florida. FPL started the SolarNow program, which installs community solar panels throughout Florida, in 2015. FPL customers can voluntarily contribute to the program.

FPL has pushed against net metering and sought to impose minimum monthly payments, facility charges, and grid access fees for rooftop solar energy users. FPL argued that the net metering policy in its present form unfairly required customers who do not own rooftop solar panels to subsidize the energy usage of those who do own them, whereas FPL's opponents argued that utilities like FPL were simply trying to curtail the expansion of rooftop solar panels to maintain their monopoly on electricity markets.

Controversy
According to records obtained by the Miami Herald and Floodlight, in 2021 FPL lobbied for a bill against net metering, the policy allowing rooftop solar panel users to offset the cost of solar panels by selling excess power back to utilities like FPL. Internal emails indicated that on October 18 an FPL lobbyist sent the text of the bill to Florida state senator Jennifer Bradley, who on October 20 received a $10,000 donation from FPL's parent company to her political committee, and a month later filed the bill in the senate. Bradley denied that the filing of the bill was due to the donation.

According to the Florida Center for Investigative Reporting, several of the top utility companies in Florida, including FPL, have contributed over $12 million towards the election campaigns of state lawmakers since 2010. FPL contributed $2 million to promote 2016 Florida Amendment 1, which would have preserved the monopoly of utilities on rooftop solar in Florida.

In 2021, records obtained by the Orlando Sentinel tied top FPL executives to the political consultants responsible for the "ghost" candidate scandal, promoting spoiler candidates in key races in order to siphon off votes from Democrats.

Documents reviewed by the Orlando Sentinel and the Miami Herald revealed that FPL executives used consultants and shell companies to funnel money to the local news website The Capitolist in order to get pro-utility articles and negative coverage about their political enemies published. An investigation by National Public Radio and Floodlight News found FPL did so through consulting firm Matrix LLC, which also supported positive coverage for itself and FPL-friendly governor Rick Scott in Florida Politics and the Sunshine State News.

Matrix surveilled a Florida Times-Union columnist at home and on vacation in 2019 and 2020, after he wrote critically of FPL's attempts to influence the Jacksonville City Council to approve its acquitision of a local utility. Through a shell company, FPL offered one Jacksonville City Council member a $250,000 a year job promoting his pet issue of marijuana decriminalization on the condition he resign his council seat.

FPL created a proposal to diversify its fuel sources by building a coal-burning power plant on 5000 acre in Moore Haven, Florida, near the western edge of Lake Okeechobee. After the National Park Service raised concerns that it would emit toxic mercury into the lake and also harm the Everglades, the state Public Service Commission rejected the plan in 2007.

In August 2007, the St. Lucie nuclear plant reduced power output while a leak in a condensation pump was repaired.

In 2018 4.4 million FPL customers temporarily lost their power due to Hurricane Irma.

FPL proposed a severe winter weather plan that critics have argued would create unnecessary costs for consumers, considering the unlikelihood of a severe winter freeze in Florida.

Awards and recognition
FPL won the prestigious Deming Award for quality improvement in 1989, becoming the first non-Japanese company to do so. As reported at the time by The South Florida Sun-Sentinel, FPL's quality improvement efforts were aimed at improving customer satisfaction.

In 2014, FPL:
 * was recognized as the most trusted U.S. electric utility by Market Strategies International;
 * won the ReliabilityOne award for the south region and the Technology & Innovation award, both from the PA Consulting Group; and
 * earned the national ServiceOne Award for outstanding customer service for the tenth consecutive year.

J.D. Power ranked FPL at the top position in customer satisfaction among energy utilities companies in 2016. Additionally, FPL Group and NextEra Energy were rated as the most admired company amongst gas and electric utilities by Fortune Magazine for eight consecutive years.

In 2020, FPL was ranked as the nation's most reliable electric power utility by PA Consulting, winning the ReliabilityOne award for the fifth time in six years. Additionally, FPL was acknowledged as the "most trusted U.S. electric utilities by Esculent for the seventh consecutive year" and "ranked No.1 in Fortune's 2020 list of World's Most Admired Companies".

title: Florida Power & Light