text: Talk:Nokhu Crags

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title: Talk:Nokhu Crags


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Itchy & Scratchy: The Movie

"Itchy & Scratchy: The Movie" is the sixth episode of the fourth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on November 3, 1992. The plot follows Bart continually getting in trouble, and how Homer is unable to give him any suitable punishment. Marge gets Homer to agree to make a punishment stick, and he forbids Bart to see the new Itchy & Scratchy movie for not watching Maggie.

The episode was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Rich Moore.

Plot
Marge and Homer attend a parent-teacher conference at Springfield Elementary School. Although Miss Hoover tells Homer that Lisa is doing well, Mrs. Krabappel tells Marge that Bart is continually causing trouble. She urges Homer and Marge to enforce stronger discipline and suggests that Bart could grow up to become a Supreme Court Justice if his behavior improves. Marge and Homer return home to find that Bart has stolen and broken Grampa's dentures. As punishment, Marge sends Bart to bed without dinner; however, Homer later brings Bart a slice of pizza and makes Bart promise to behave. However, Bart continues to get in trouble, always managing to distract Homer from punishing him. Eventually, Homer vows to give Bart an effective penalty.

Bart buys himself a ticket for Itchy & Scratchy: The Movie, the highly anticipated film adaptation of The Itchy & Scratchy Show. While Bart is left home alone with Maggie, he watches TV instead of paying attention to her. Maggie takes Homer's car for a joyride and crashes into the wall of Springfield Prison, releasing the prisoners. Homer then punishes Bart by tearing up Bart's ticket to Itchy & Scratchy: The Movie and banning him from ever seeing the movie under any circumstances. Bart begs for a different punishment, but Homer refuses. The film is released to wide acclaim, and every child in Springfield sees the film multiple times; since Bart is not allowed to see the film, his classmates shun him.

Bart tries to buy another ticket, but discovers Homer has instructed the movie theater employees not to sell him a ticket. Two months after the film's release, Marge and Lisa try to convince Homer to change his mind, with Marge claiming Bart has been punished long enough, but Homer refuses. Eventually, the film is removed from theaters. Bart reluctantly confesses that the punishment deeply affected him, to which Homer responds that consequently, he will learn to accept responsibility for his actions and will have a better life as a result.

Forty years later (2032), Bart, now Chief Justice of the United States, and Homer, a senior citizen, walk down the street and discover the film is back in the local theater as a classic re-release. Homer decides that Bart has officially learned from the experience, and the two happily watch the movie together.

Production
This episode, like many other Itchy & Scratchy themed episodes, was written by John Swartzwelder, although the plot was originally pitched by Sam Simon. During the table read of the script, the first act received many laughs, but the second act got little positive reaction, leading Al Jean to believe that the script would require a huge rewrite, although the third act also received a positive reaction. For The Itchy & Scratchy Movie shown at the end of the episode, Mike Reiss felt that it should top all other Itchy & Scratchy cartoons in terms of violence, and John Swartzwelder wrote the "most disturbing, horrible sequence", none of which was used in the final cut.

This was the first episode that Rich Moore directed at Film Roman. The shot of the Korean animation studio angered the Korean animators at Rough Draft Korea; Gregg Vanzo, the overseas director, felt insulted and nearly sent the scene back. While drawing the Steamboat Itchy sequence, the animators jokingly referred to it as "Steamboat Lawsuit". David Silverman explained that he did not know "why [they] weren't sued because there's a shot right out of Steamboat Willie in [the episode]."

The episode features the first appearance of Bumblebee Man, who is a caricature of "El Chapulín Colorado" ("The Red Grasshopper"), a character created and portrayed by Mexican television comedian Roberto Gómez Bolaños.

Cultural references
The opening Star Trek film is a parody of how old the crew of the original Star Trek cast looked in the later movies. Khachaturian's "Sabre Dance" plays while Bart runs amuk. Mrs. Krabappel says that "even the poorest student can become Chief Justice of the Supreme Court." Homer muses that Bart could join "John Marshall, Charles Evans Hughes, Warren Burger..." His apparent familiarity with Supreme Court Justices became a running gag. The 1929 Itchy & Scratchy short Steamboat Itchy is a spoof of the 1928 Disney short Steamboat Willie, the debut of Mickey Mouse. Lisa says Michael Jackson and Dustin Hoffman make cameos in Itchy & Scratchy: The Movie, adding "They didn't use their real names, but you knew it was them." Jackson and Hoffman had made cameos on The Simpsons using pseudonyms in "Stark Raving Dad" and "Lisa's Substitute", respectively. In flashback, Homer is seen listening to "Yummy Yummy Yummy" by The Ohio Express instead of watching the Moon landing. In the flash forward sequence, a man is purchasing Soylent Green in the lobby of the theater. A vehicle resembling a landspeeder from Star Wars (1977) is also shown. The marquee says Itchy & Scratchy: The Movie has been re-released on a bill with Beauty and the Beast (1991). Homer and Bart are seen silhouetted against the screen, a reference to Mystery Science Theater 3000.

Homer tries to take credit for Lisa's success, saying he read to her from TV Guide and emphasized the "three R's": “Reading TV Guide, writing to TV Guide, and renewing TV Guide!" The scene of a billboard for  Itchy & Scratchy: The Movie splattering a bride with blood recalls the end of Carrie. Marge asks Homer, "Do you want your son to be Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, or a sleazy male stripper?" Homer responds: "Can't he both, like the late Earl Warren?" Marge points out that Warren wasn't a stripper, and Homer asks "Now who's being naive?" Lisa says Bart has "the demented melancholia of a Tennessee Williams heroine." Bart can be seen reading  Itchy & Scratchy: The Movie: The Novel by Norman Mailer.

Reception
During the fourth season, The Simpsons usually aired on a Thursday, but "Itchy & Scratchy: The Movie" aired on a Tuesday because the executives at Fox had wanted to air an episode during the 1992 presidential election results because they felt it would mean increased ratings. Instead, the episode dropped from its normal audience. "Itchy & Scratchy: The Movie" finished 25th in ratings for the week of November 2–8, 1992, with a Nielsen rating of 12.5, equivalent to approximately 11.6 million viewing households. It was the third highest-rated show on the Fox network that week, following The Simpsons episode "Marge Gets a Job", which aired in the same week on the usual Thursday, and Beverly Hills, 90210.

In the spring of 2002, the episode was released in the United Kingdom on a DVD collection titled The Simpsons Film Festival, along with the season eleven episode "Beyond Blunderdome", the season seven episode "22 Short Films About Springfield", and the season six episode "A Star Is Burns".

Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood, the authors of the book I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide called it a "superb episode", especially "[Homer]'s suggestion for punishing Bart's misbehaviour is to give him a present, and his trick for avoiding jury duty is 'to say you're prejudiced against all races.'"

"Steamboat Itchy" is one of Matt Groening's favorite moments in the history of the show. Nathan Ditum of Total Film ranked "Steamboat Itchy" as the show's 46th best film parody. In 2014, The Simpsons writers picked "Steamboat Itchy" from this episode as one of their nine favorite "Itchy & Scratchy" episodes of all time.

Nathan Rabin writes that "Itchy & Scratchy: The Movie" "isn’t just funny and sweet: It’s also the definitive parody of event-movie mania, though it’s as much a loving tribute to the hubbub and frenzy surrounding a truly epic event movie as it is a spoof", likening the release of the movie within the episode to the release of The Simpsons Movie fifteen years later.

title: Itchy & Scratchy: The Movie


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Talk:Mount Harvard

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Mary Bonney

Mary Lucinda Bonney (after marriage, Mary Lucinda Bonney Rambaut; June 8, 1816 – July 24, 1900) born in Hamilton, New York, was a 19th-century American educator and advocate for Native American rights. She is considered to be the most important woman in the Native American movement to protect their tribal lands. She was also involved in the early movement to provide for girls' education. With fellow teacher Harriette A. Dillaye, in 1850 she founded a female seminary in Philadelphia. It became known as the Ogontz School for Young Ladies after it moved to a suburban estate of that name. After a second move, the last campus was developed after 1950 as Penn State Abington.

In collaboration with Amelia Stone Quinton, Bonney founded the Women's National Indian Association, which worked initially to defend Native American land rights against settler encroachment. They eventually supported assimilation of Native Americans to the majority culture, including support for the Dawes Act of 1887. This proposed allotment of lands in Indian Territory to individual Indian households, the end of tribal governments, and support for the tribes to take up subsistence farming.

Early life and education
Mary Bonney was the fourth child of six in her family, who were devoted Baptists. Her parents were Benjamin and Lucinda (Wilder) Bonney. She was the granddaughter of Benjamin Bonney and of Abel Wilder, both of Chesterfield, Massachusetts, and both soldiers in the American Revolutionary War.

After her parents started her education at Ladies Academy in Hamilton, New York, she transferred to the Emma Willard School in Troy. Here she found a classical curriculum that was nearly identical to that provided in men's colleges. After two years at Emma Willard School, Bonney graduated in 1835 and began her teaching career.

She taught in a variety of cities and states, ranging from Jersey City and other places in New Jersey, New York City, South Carolina, Providence, Rhode Island; and Philadelphia, among others. She first taught in New Jersey. Next she moved to New York City, where she became the principal of academy in De Ruyter, before she took a temporary teaching spot at her alma mater. In 1842 she moved to the South in order to be in charge of a girls' school in Beaufort, South Carolina. After six years, she returned to the North, teaching in Providence, Rhode Island. A year later she moved to Philadelphia to take another teaching position.

Ogontz School for Young Ladies
In 1850, Bonney wanted to provide her widowed mother a house. She co-founded the Chestnut Street Female Seminary in Philadelphia, with Harriette A. Dillaye, a fellow teacher at Troy Female Seminary (Emma Willard School). As the school prospered, its student body expanded.

To accommodate the growth, in 1883 Bonney leased the Ogontz Estate, former home of banker Jay Cooke, in suburban Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania, for $15,000 annually. This enabled Cooke to recover from financial setbacks in that period.

The school was renamed as Ogontz School for Young Ladies after the estate. The school offered girls, ages 13 through 18, (both boarders and day students) a liberal art education, which included science, humanities, and physical education. As the school became more successful, it needed more space.

Ownership changed hands and, in 1916 owner and president, Abby A. Sutherland, purchased a 54-acre plot for the school in Rydal, Pennsylvania, in Abington Township about eight miles from Philadelphia. After operating the school for several more decades, in 1950 she donated this facility to Pennsylvania State University. The campus was developed as Penn State Abington, classified in 1997 as one of several colleges in the commonwealth system.

Activist
In 1878 Congress proposed to take away land reserved under treaties to tribes that had been removed to Indian Territory. Bonney was outraged and started a petition in opposition. She decided to ask for help from her missionary circle. With their help, she started a campaign that collected about 13,000 signatures. The petition was presented to President Rutherford B. Hayes and Congress. They organized signatures for a second petition, with 50,000 signatures and presented it in 1881 to the Senate through Senator Henry L. Dawes (R-Massachusetts), sponsor of the act that bears his name.

That same year Bonney and leading followers decided to form an association. They called themselves Indian Treaty-Keeping and Protective Association, and Bonney was elected as president. In 1882 they presented the government with a third petition, numbering nearly 100,000 signatures. These were in support of a proposal to grant tribal lands to Native Americans.

Marriage and death
After Bonney resigned from the presidency in November 1884, she reduced her role in the Association. But she always supported these causes financially.

In 1888, she married Reverend Thomas Rambaut, whom she had met 40 years before while teaching in Robertville, South Carolina. In 1888, both took part in the World's Missionary Convention in London and married there.

After the couple returned to the US, they settled in Bonney's hometown of Hamilton, New York. Reverend Rambaut died on October 15, 1890. The widowed Bonney moved in with her brother in Hamilton. She died in 1900.

title: Mary Bonney


text: Category:Mountain ranges of Utah

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User:Conskeptical

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text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rennaisance of islam

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 09:52, May 2, 2005 (UTC)

Rennaisance of islam
Link farm for Islam related websites. Promotion of and towards sites. --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 07:43, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC) WITHDRAWN
 * Delete. Link farm? Well, that, or possibly advertising affiliated websites. Either way, this is not Google Directory. Master Thief Garrett 12:15, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Non-encyclopedic TigerShark 15:07, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, wikipedia is not a collection of external links. Megan1967 03:36, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: "Renaissance" isn't even spelled correctly in the article title. Firebug 04:39, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Gnome Monosoupape

Please see the rotary piston engine article for discussions on the merger of these two articles.

Article scope?
At the moment the article is mainly describing the valve system (and very good it is too) but there were actually three variants of the engine that carried this name (the infobox shows one). To save creating a separate article for the engine type I would like to propose that the relevant sections are added (variants, specifications etc) and that the lead and possibly some other wording is adjusted slightly to reflect this minor change in coverage. Cheers Nimbus (Cumulus nimbus floats by)    13:55, 5 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Looking at the existing Gnome Delta and Gnome Lambda articles, I feel confused. I think some very reliable sources are needed to determine what were the actual engine names (and nicknames). (Of course article naming should be per WP:COMMONNAME standard.) After clearing this issue up, one can reasonably proceed with enhancing this article. --Kubanczyk (talk) 12:52, 5 May 2011 (UTC)
 * I don't blame you for being confused; I too was confused when I started looking into this, and I suspect there's also confusion in some sources. The trouble is that Gnome had two different lines of engines during this period (not counting the Le Rhône engines), and some models had similar nominal power ratings and cylinder layouts. Gnome's first engine line included two valves per cylinder: an exhaust valve in the cylinder head and an intake valve in the crown of the piston. This line started with the 50 hp Gnome Omega; eventually it included the 80 hp 7-cylinder Gnome Lambda and the 100 hp 9-cylinder Gnome Delta. When Gnome developed its single-valve Monosoupape system, it started a new line of engines. These included the 80 hp 7-cylinder Monosoupape Type A and the 100 hp 9-cylinder Monosoupape Type B-2. Although these engines had the same power ratings and cylinder layouts as the Gnome Lambda and Delta, the cylinder dimensions and displacements were different, and there were other differences in appearance.
 * Sources often don't specify which type of Gnome was used in an aircraft type, saying only "80 hp Gnome" or "100 hp Gnome", and it's possible that in some cases both two-valve and Monosoupape models were used. To make matters worse, someone may later try to be helpful and specify an engine model more precisely ("oh, 80 hp, that's a Monosoupape"), without realizing that there were two different models of the same size. And of course, the Le Rhône models add further opportunities for confusion, since they too are Gnome et Rhône rotary engines and have similar power ratings, though they are visually quite distinct. --Colin Douglas Howell (talk) 17:22, 9 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Hmm, I notice the Gnome Delta article lists it as having a Monosoupape valve system. Is this actually correct? It seems questionable. I know it had different cylinder dimensions from the Monosoupape Type B-2. (See, for example, pages 213 and 214 of this 1921 airplane engine encyclopedia.) --Colin Douglas Howell (talk) 17:40, 9 June 2011 (UTC)

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Talk:Tattva vision

original sources
Permission to use this article given by Magical Path

See Tattva Vision & Tattva Cards for original article. Additional information is being added from An Introduction to Tattvas -- 03:29, 2 October 2005 Magicalpath

How-to
This section is a how-to guide, and is not appropriate for an encyclopedia. Content is non-neutral and lacks objectivity. It needs a total re-write IMO. Thanks. :) — RJH 19:16, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree. Probably easiest just to delete it, enough relevant info has been given already. Georgeslegloupier 23:55, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

Actually, as the article now stands, I was expecting a bit more description about what exactly this "technique" entails. While of course it may be considered a "how-to" if written from a non-neutral point of view, the concept of a "technique" is of interest to Wikipedia; further, if every article describing any form of "technnique" (i.e., the manner in which certain people accomplish a certain thing) were deleted on the grounds of it being a "how-to," Wikipedia would indeed be starved for information. V-Man737 22:19, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

Tattva Vision
This article is complete nonsense -76.21.103.36 (talk) 04:56, 29 January 2009 (UTC)

 * The subject of this article may be complete nonsense, but if it's been in existence for about a century and acquired "notability", there's no reason why there can't be a Wikipedia article on it... AnonMoos (talk) 08:48, 29 January 2009 (UTC)

Notability
The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn is certainly notable, and this is an aspect of their teaching and practice which has shown up in various contexts during the last century or so. It's unfortunate that no one has ever taken page numbers from the books listed as references to form suitable footnotes, but it's a little strange to delete the article for basically that reason... AnonMoos (talk) 08:19, 20 May 2016 (UTC)

 * It looked to me as though this would be best merged into the Golden Dawn article itself, as there is relaly not much information here, apart from listing the tattwa symbols. I am OK with it staying, but it would be of more use filled out or given greater context. H.dryad (talk) 13:22, 23 May 2016 (UTC)

 * I don't think that this aspect of Golden Dawnism is suited for inclusion in the general article when there are many other comparable aspects which would bloat the article to great length if all were included (and if you intended to signal a merge, you should have added a merge tag). Not sure what context you would want to include that wouldn't fall under "how-to" information, to which there was objection in 2005 above.  Basically adherents use the symbols to guide their meditations and search for astral visions in certain directions.  There are also the "Akashic records".  The elemental astral planes showed up much later in the Dungeons and Dragons "Planescape" setting (see Inner Plane), but due to influences which were probably several times removed from the Golden Dawn... AnonMoos (talk) 02:22, 24 May 2016 (UTC)

I added footnotes to Israel Regardie Golden Dawn documents. If there's something else you want added from that source, feel free to ask now. AnonMoos (talk) 13:00, 10 October 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tattva vision


text:
User:Chrisblack

Hi,my real name is Kristianto Agung.I am from Indonesia.My hobbies are watchin football match,play badminton,internet and Play Playstation 2.I am a high school student.If You want to know me, Email me at joe_cole_10@lycos.com

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text: Category:Mountain ranges of Arizona

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text: Talk:Themes in Blade Runner

title: Talk:Themes in Blade Runner


text:
Ada Wong

Ada Wong is a character in Resident Evil (Biohazard in Japan), a survival horror video game series created by the Japanese company Capcom. She was introduced in Resident Evil 2 (1998) as a spy and mercenary who infiltrates the pharmaceutical company Umbrella Corporation to steal a biological weapon during a zombie outbreak in Raccoon City. Although Ada is often hired by antagonists, she betrayed her employers for her own agendas and saved protagonist Leon S. Kennedy from dire situations.

Ada is featured in several Resident Evil games, novelizations, and films, and has also appeared in other game franchises such as Project X Zone, Teppen, and Dead by Daylight. Several actresses have portrayed the character, including Sally Cahill in her initial video game appearance, and Li Bingbing and Lily Gao in the live-action Resident Evil films.

Video game publications have described Ada as one of the best Asian female video game characters. She received mostly unfavorable reviews for her appearance in Resident Evil 4 and was considered more sexualized than other female game characters. Several publications commended her portrayal as a morally ambiguous femme fatale, but others argued that she was designed to appeal to the male gaze.

Concept and design
Ada was introduced as a supporting character in Capcom's 1998 survival horror video game Resident Evil 2. She was initially conceived as a researcher named Linda who helps the player throughout the game, but director Hideki Kamiya wanted to develop her into a full character. The name "Ada", which was conceived by game designer Kazunori Kadoi, was first mentioned in the original Resident Evil (1996). Kamiya changed Linda's name to Ada to provide a link to the first game, and writer Noboru Sugimura expanded the character's backstory and made her an enigmatic corporate spy. Ada was designed by artist Isao Ohishi, although her cutscene model was not completed in time for the game's release, resulting in her being the only character omitted from its cinematics.

Ada Wong is a Chinese-American spy and mercenary. She is hired to steal a sample of the G-virus for an unnamed organization in Resident Evil 2. Ada is shown wearing a red dress and high heels. Ada and protagonist Leon S. Kennedy save each other's lives throughout the game. The timing of a kiss sequence between Leon and Ada's caused considerable debate among the development team. In the 2019 remake of Resident Evil 2, they gave more background to Leon and Ada's romance as it was felt it developed too quickly in the original game. Executive producer Jun Takeuchi suggested that the kiss between Leon and Ada should occur earlier in the remake. In a Siliconera interview, Kamiya said he believed that it works out because it "makes Ada feel more manipulative of Leon". Her red dress is initially covered by a beige trench coat in the remake. Kadoi said that "wandering around in that dress just getting on with your job as a spy probably doesn't look as realistic and believable as we want in this new game".

Ada and Leon's relationship is further explored in Resident Evil 4 and its "Separate Ways" minigame. Her outfit was altered into a red side-split dress with a choker and high heels. The title screen for "Separate Ways" was inspired by the 1990 film La Femme Nikita; Ada is shown in the same pose as the lead character, Nikita in the film’s poster. The developers of the 2023 remake of Resident Evil 4 have replaced Ada's red dress in order to distance her from the derogatory Dragon Lady trope, which portrays Asian female characters as "deceitful, mysterious, villainous, and domineering" according to Harri Chan of Polygon. In the downloadable content (DLC) "Separate Ways", she uses a grappling gun for combat and traversal.

In Resident Evil 6, players can unlock Ada after completing three individual character campaigns. Executive producer Hiroyuki Kobayashi believed this made her storyline "more enjoyable" and enhanced her ambiguity because "one of the themes of Ada's story is a lone spy working in secret". Ada's campaign was designed as being "a very classic Resident Evil-style" experience. Ada was intended to appear in Resident Evil Village as a mysterious masked person who saves the main protagonist, Ethan Winters, but was cut from the game due to the "conflicting scenarios", according to the concept art's caption.

Voice-over and live-action actresses
Voice actress Sally Cahill played Ada Wong in her initial appearance in Resident Evil 2, and reprised the role in Resident Evil 4 and Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles. Ada has also been voiced by Megan Hollingshead in Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles, and Courtenay Taylor in Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City, Resident Evil 6, and Resident Evil: Damnation.

Michelle Lee provided the motion capture performance for Ada in Resident Evil 6. Jolene Andersen provided the voice and motion capture for Ada in the 2019 remake of Resident Evil 2, having previously done the character's motion capture in Resident Evil: Damnation. Lily Gao, who played Ada in the live-action film Resident Evil: Welcome to Raccoon City, provided the character's voice and motion capture in the 2023 remake of Resident Evil 4. Junko Minagawa voiced Ada in the Japanese versions of the games.

Chinese actress Li Bingbing portrayed Ada in Resident Evil: Retribution, the fifth installment of the live-action Resident Evil film series. Lily Gao played the role in the 2021 reboot film Resident Evil: Welcome to Raccoon City.

In the Resident Evil series
Resident Evil 2 takes place in 1998 in the fictional American metropolitan area of Raccoon City. Ada is hired by an unnamed organization to steal the G-virus mutagen developed by the Umbrella Corporation, a pharmaceutical company responsible for a zombie outbreak. She meets rookie police officer Leon S. Kennedy and helps him destroy the T-103 Tyrant. Ada escapes with a sample of the virus before Raccoon City is destroyed by a nuclear strike as part of a U.S. government cover-up.

Resident Evil 4 is set in 2004 in a rural Spanish village, which has been taken over by the cult "Los Iluminados" (The Enlightened Ones) with the mind-controlling "Las Plagas" parasite. Ada is sent by Albert Wesker to retrieve a sample of the parasite, and she encounters Leon during his mission to rescue the U.S. president's daughter Ashley Graham, who the cult has abducted. Ada helps Leon kill rival mercenary Jack Krauser and cult leader Osmund Saddler, before escaping in a helicopter with the sample. Later ports of Resident Evil 4 include a new scenario featuring Ada as the playable protagonist. Entitled "Separate Ways", it depicts the events of the main game from her perspective; a series of unlockable records, designated "Ada's Report", detail Ada's motives behind her mission.

Resident Evil 6 takes place in 2012 in the fictional Chinese city of Lanshiang. The game allows players to select between four scenarios with interwoven storylines, and Ada's campaign becomes available upon completion of those of Leon, Chris Redfield, and Jake Muller's scenarios. Ada initially operates as a lone spy, but is forced to join the other protagonists in confronting rogue National Security Advisor Derek C. Simmons, a former associate of Ada's who is obsessed with her, and Carla Radames, who is forcibly transformed by Simmons into Ada's doppelgänger. After killing Carla and helping Leon defeat Simmons, Ada destroys Carla's lab and takes on a new assignment.

Other appearances
Ada features in several of the Resident Evil films. In the director Paul W. S. Anderson's fifth live-action film Resident Evil: Retribution (2012), Ada is a former agent of Umbrella who teams up with Alice to escape from an underwater Umbrella facility in the Russian Far North. She did not return in the final film, Resident Evil: The Final Chapter (2016), dying offscreen. Ada appears in the mid-credits scene of the reboot film, Resident Evil: Welcome to Raccoon City (2021). She was originally intended to have a larger role, but director Johannes Roberts believed that there were too many characters in the film. Ada also features as the female protagonist in the adult animated film Resident Evil: Damnation (2012). Ada poses as a Bioterrorism Security Assessment Alliance (BSAA) agent to infiltrate the Eastern Slav Republic and obtain a sample of the "Las Plagas" parasite used in the country's civil war.

Ada is a playable character in non-canonical Resident Evil games. She features in the "Heroes Mode" of Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City (2012), and the online multiplayer game Resident Evil Re:Verse (2022). She also appears in games from other franchises, including the browser-based social game Onimusha Soul (2013), as a non-player character in the tactical role-playing game Project X Zone 2 (2015), Dead by Daylight (2016) as a playable character, Street Fighter V (2016) as an alternate skin for Kolin, as a costume in Knives Out (2017), as a fighter in Puzzle Fighter (2017), and in the digital collectible card game Teppen (2019). In 2023, she also appeared in the two crossover events of mobile games.

Ada features in novelization of the films and games and plays a supporting role in the third novel, Resident Evil: City of the Dead (1999), in a series by S. D. Perry. Capcom screenwriters created two Resident Evil 2 radio dramas, such as Ikiteita Onna Spy Ada (The Female Spy Ada Lives). The dramas were broadcast on Radio Osaka in 1999 and later released by Suleputer as two CDs entitled Biohazard 2 Drama Album. Set a few days after the events of the game, they follow Ada's mission to retrieve Sherry Birkin's pendant with the G-virus sample from Umbrella enforcer HUNK, but Ada ultimately realizes her feelings for Leon and decides to quit the espionage business to return to him. Canonically, the characters' story arcs continue differently; Ada keeps the pendant with the G-virus and resumes her espionage. Several comic books based on the games were released, and she is a character in Bandai's Resident Evil Deck Building Card Game (2011). Merchandise featuring Ada includes action figures, figurines, statues, plushies, and t-shirts. Sources for Ada Wong-related action merchandises:

Reception
Game publications described Ada Wong as among the most popular and best female video game. Magazines also praised her as one of the best female villain, with capabilities to star in her own video game. Lara Crigger of The Escapist called Ada a femme fatale and "feminist role model" who is "beautiful and sexual" in the mold of Simone de Beauvoir's existentialist philosophy. The Guardian journalists have praised Ada's intelligence and her tendency to be "numerous steps ahead of everyone else". Kimberly Terasaki of The Mary Sue and Harri Chan of Polygon have both mentioned Ada's relationship with Leon; Chan has described it as a hallmark of a sexpionage trope. However, Chan criticized it, stating that the issue is not that Ada and Leon have a romance, but rather that Ada is not provided any other path for character growth. Play editor Gavin Mackenzie criticized her perceived "bitch" personality in Resident Evil 4 in retrospective from the events of Resident Evil 2. Mike Wehner of The Escapist said, "Capcom’s manipulation of the Resident Evil timeline hasn’t exactly been kind to this particular theory surrounding Ada Wong’s fate" when Ada returned in Resident Evil 4 after her supposed death in Resident Evil 2. According to Wehner, Capcom buried Ada’s death in series lore to the extent that "you’re not supposed to acknowledge that it even exists".

Ada has repeatedly been brought into broader analyses of the male gaze in video games. Although digital media scholar Esther MacCallum-Stewart said that Resident Evil's female characters possess unique qualities making them viable choices for players to select over their male counterparts, and said their combat attire helped them avoid criticism of adhering to the male gaze. Critic Bernard Perron said that Ada's introduction in Resident Evil 4 includes the "traditional male gaze montage"; in-game cinematics focus on her body and slit dress, but her identity is not revealed. Matt Cundy of GamesRadar+ called Ada's outfit unrealistic in the game's context, and anyone dressed for a zombie apocalypse "in an elegant side-split evening gown, choker and high heels would have to be certifiably mental". In Tropes vs. Women in Video Games, feminist media critic Anita Sarkeesian criticized Ada's outfit as too revealing. She also cited that Ada was dressed and styled her outfit was meant to attract to men, who she assumed were viewers or players.

According to the author Andrei Nae, Ada and Ashley Graham "correspond to the submissive woman–femme fatale character couple. While Leon's authority over Ashley is total, Ada remains outside of the control of the male protagonist." Stephanie Jennings, writing in Feminism in Play, suggested that Ada's sexualization aims to create a meaningful gaming experience for female gamers. Opportunities to experience Ada's chapter as a transgressive gender performance may be multiplied by "gazing through, with, and at her as a woman—or as a practiced feminine gazer." Ada and Resident Evil 6 also serve as examples of the intersectional potentials of feminine gaze, according to Jennings. She claimed that although Ada is one of the few multicultural characters in the series, she expressed disappointment about the games' complete whitewashing of her Chinese-American heritage and lack of progress. Jenny Platz opined that Ada is genderfluid, and contrasted her with "sexless object" characters such as Resident Evil Claire Redfield and Rebecca Chambers. Platz wrote that Ada possesses attributes "typically associated with males" including strength and intelligence, and a "traits typically associated with females, such as beauty and poise".

Lily Gao's vocal performance as Ada in the 2023 remake of Resident Evil 4 was criticized by fans, thus resulting in the game being review bombed. Gao deleted her Instagram posts after she was harassed online, later saying: "My Ada is a survivor. She is unpredictable, resilient, and absolutely not a stereotype." According to Michael McWhertor of Polygon, Ada's "enigmatic character" is "flattened" by her "stiff" voice acting. He described her discourse as "stilted and unnatural—at times completely devoid of emotion" and wonder whether her English-language voice actor was given improper direction in an attempt to generate a separate type of cool to set her apart from Leon.

title: Ada Wong


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User talk:Chrisblack

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Academic Challenger 07:48, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
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title: User talk:Chrisblack


text: User talk:70.16.49.59

title: User talk:70.16.49.59


text:
Campbells

Campbells may refer to:

 * Clan Campbell
 * Campbell Soup Company or Campbell's

title: Campbells


text:
User talk:Tequendamia/old

!Just a beginner!
Tequendamia is just one out of thousand users of Wikipedia. I don't even affect the stats. Don't worry about me.

Pan American Highway Dispute
Tequendamia, in order to resolve the dispute, I believe that we should act like civilized persons and either try to discuss the subject in a more rational manner, or to request Mediation from a third party, thus I have entered such a request. Juancarlos2004 16:45, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 16:22, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Caribbean Wikipedians
Thanks for your comment. I hope you join us. Guettarda 1 July 2005 13:29 (UTC)

Lists
Hi, and welcome to Wikipedia. I just saw you made List of scandals named after Watergate. I have redirected this article to List of scandals with "-gate" suffix, an already existing article. I'm afraid there were more! For more, see Redirect. Cheers, [[smoddy ]] 12:29, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

no insults please
I deleted your msg, because I regarded "you dickhead" as insulting. Tobias Conradi (Talk) 04:23, 3 November 2005 (UTC)
 * It is not an insult, I just thought your head might look like Dick Cheney's, brilliant.
 * It is brillian because only you happen to rename the articles without realising it affects some links, like for example links to wikitravel

racism/white australia
Racism is a point of view which does not belong on wikipedia. It is a personal opinion to say that these "racist" views. Racialist views and racist views are not the same thing. Racialist views were common at the time, you may interpret it to be racist but please look over both definitions first. Again personal opinions do not belong on wikipedia. Please talk to me first if you want to change anything.

Thanks,

JJstroker

Comrades
Tequendamia

It seems we are both victims of the more obsessive Wikipedians, haha

Licinius

Talk:Chilean coup of 1973
I'd be interested in your opinion at Talk:Chilean coup of 1973. - Jmabel | Talk 06:43, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

Australia
Please do not resort to insults in edit summaries. Please cite a source for your information and then put it in an appropriate place. Xtra 13:55, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

Please do not keep undoing other people's edits without discussing them first. This is considered impolite and unproductive. If you continue, you may be blocked from editing Wikipedia under the three-revert rule, which states that nobody may revert an article to a previous version more than three times in 24 hours. (Note: this also means editing the page to reinsert an old edit. If the effect of your actions is to revert back, it qualifies as a revert.) Thank you. Xtra 14:11, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

If you continue you will be blocked. Please follow the rules and we can all get along. Xtra 14:35, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

Hindi spoken article
I have created a spoken Hindi article on Hindi wiki. It is about Indo-European language family. Those interested, especially the foreigners learning Hindi, may wish to look at the page and listen to the spoken article here : hi:हिन्द-यूरोपीय भाषा-परिवार. Please tell me if you face any problem. Cygnus_hansa 17:11, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

about Fernando...
"I think this stub about colombia and its being run by a few persons, omnipotent like a terrorist group." F3rn4nd0 LOL... I wasn't aware of your omnipotence Tequendamia ;) Adiós, Rosa Rosameliamartinez 15:19, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

Edit Summaries
When editing an article on Wikipedia there is a small field labelled "Edit summary" under the main edit-box. It looks like this: The text written here will appear on the Recent changes page, in the page revision history, on the diff page, and in the watchlists of users who are watching that article. See m:Help:Edit summary for full information on this feature. When you leave the edit summary blank, some of your edits could be mistaken for vandalism and may be reverted, so please always briefly summarize your edits, especially when you are making subtle but important changes, like changing dates or numbers. Thank you.

You recently made a major edit to Bolivar Square without leaving an edit summary. Had it not been for the edit summary of the user before you, I might have reverted it as a vandalism. AmiDaniel (Talk) 07:36, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

About accents in names of places
I replied to your message in this talk page. Thanks for your message but I disagree with you. We can continue the discussion there if you wish. --132.192.14.232 00:49, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

Since you didn't reply any further on this topic, I assume that it's closed and will resume the corrections. Thanks anyway for your comments.--132.192.14.232 01:01, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

Cult of personality
I made some changes. Gazpacho 10:48, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

Unless you object, I'll remove the POV-check tag. Gazpacho 18:25, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

I will respond on the article talk page. Gazpacho 22:35, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

Question
Not that I have any objection to it, but are you communist or socialist? -- SmthManly  / ManlyTalk  / ManlyContribs  03:36, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

OK. I was not accusing you of being a communist; I was asking you. If I wanted to accuse you, I'd had gone off and said "you're a communist aren't you?". I do not live in Colombia, nor am I really tied to anyone there. I was born there, my family is from there, I still have a few family members there that I don't really know. I came to the U.S. at age five and don't really know much about Colombia in terms of politics, or the way people should act there. I doubt my family is high class, or elites, and even if they are, or claim to be, I have no part in them or in that culture, so I'm not here to engage in some political brawl with you or opress you or anything like that. I wasn't trying to be hostile, or undermining you, or trying to make myself seem higher than you just because of it. I just wanted to know if you were so I can get your opinion on things... that's it. Your comments on several talk pages made me assume you were socialist or had socialist leanings, if you're not then... sorry. In fact, I don't really know how to answer to the way you responded to me. I never meant to insult you... but I guess I did. I'm sorry. I won't bother you again. -- SmthManly  / ManlyTalk  / ManlyContribs  17:23, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Was reading my talk page and I noticed this discussion we had four months ago. I actually had a point in my asking you this and I wasn't expecting you to go off on me.  Thing is, I was sort of hoping you and I could get into talking because at the time, and still (as of now), I have been wondering about some of the things you have written and said both here and in Spanish Wikipedia.  Not that I'm going to denounce your ideals, or anything, I just figured I'm usually surrounded by people, and media, and etc. that pretty much drives me towards one point of view, and it's hard to find someone with a contrasting point of view, like yours, so I was wanting to discuss the why and see what I can learn from the other side of the political tracks.  Of course, this never was able to happen because after your reply I backed off thinking I had insulted you.  Anyway,  if you're up for it, I'd want to openly discuss some of your political views.  I'm mostly curious to find out why you have such a personal vendetta against the US, without the usual angry banter I get off blogs and such, because I never really see that as productive; I see things said in anger as misguided and driven by emotion, so it can't really help me understand them when I feel like the person's just angry... anyway.  You can ignore this if you want, but I'm itching to discuss and listen to a live give me their feedback on this.  I hope this doesn't insult you. --  SmthManly  / ManlyTalk  / ManlyContribs  05:31, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

What happened on the Moon
I rewrote this article - you should see if you like what I did. We can take the discussion to the talk page. Brianyoumans 06:01, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tequendamia/old


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Category:Mountain ranges of New Jersey

Mountain ranges of New Jersey, United States.

title: Category:Mountain ranges of New Jersey


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Wikipedia:Peer review/Electrical engineering/archive1

What is this page actually intended to be about? Engineers, engineering, education of engineers, history of elcrtricity etc?. Until someone agrees on this it will remain a complete oversize mess mish mash as it is now--Light current 02:19, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

Electrical engineering
One key thing is this article is missing references. Other than references, I'm looking to see what else can be done with this article. Cburnett 07:57, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * It could be deleted! and redirected to a better one--Light current 02:16, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Certainly also needs a history and development (Tesla, Maxwell, Farady, Gauss; Benjamin Franklin's kite experiments) as well as a brief overview of various notable contributions (ties into history & development). Cburnett 08:35, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * I have to disagree somewhat. I don't think this page needs a history on the discovery of the properties of electricity. That's already covered on the electricity page. — RJH 18:50, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Good point, but surely there's room for a history of the profession or, in other words, the history of the engineering of electricity. A lot of the people in the Electricity section were, for the lack of a better word, tinkerers of electricity: experimenting with electricity for its own sake instead of harnessing it for practical usage (aka engineering).  I guess maybe a survey is a more apt name instead.  Stuff like Wardenclyffe Tower.  I guess I don't know enough about my own profession to write this section though. :) Cburnett 20:16, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * I have a few relevant books that discuss the history of electrical engineering as a discipline, as opposed to the inventors and discoverers. Now I have another thing to do on my list...here's hoping its a rainy weekend. --Wtshymanski 22:33, 16 May 2005 (UTC)
 * You say in the lead that the field "encompasses many subfields" – some of those ought to be mentioned in the lead. I agree that a history of the profession is essential.  Electronics engineering redirects to Electrical engineering, so perhaps better explanation of those terms would be necessary.  Similarly, instead of/in addition to talking about which universities combine the discipline with other related disciplines, perhaps more information could be given regarding the traditional distinctions between the fields, and why those universities chose to combine them.  More info is needed on broadcast engineering, and short paragraphs throughout the article should probably be further developed (see paragraphs in the sections "Instrumentation engineering", "Digital signal processing", and "Control systems" especially). --Spangineer ∞ 18:45, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)


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User:Magicalpath

 * My Location: Dunedin, New Zealand

The Will Project

 * Will Project (wiki) A Program of Research on the Will and Its Applications proposed by Roberto Assagioli, the founder of Psychosynthesis, to explore all aspects and manifestations of the Will. See the following Wikipedia entries for information on the Will in the context of the Will Project:
 * Will (philosophy)
 * Free will
 * Will (sociology)
 * Volition (psychology)

Interests

 * Psychosynthesis
 * Magic
 * Magick
 * Shamanism
 * Alchemy
 * Carlos Castaneda
 * Victor Sanchez
 * Tattva
 * Tattva vision
 * Altered state of consciousness
 * Trance

My websites

 * Magical Path

Favourite Websites

 * Occult Library - A collection of occult and magic related articles

title: User:Magicalpath


text:
Rannamaari

The Rannamari was a sea monster from Maldivian folklore that was believed to have raped and murdered thousands of young women. It is said to be taller than palm trees, with a pitch-black colour and arms that reach its toes. According to stories, they performed a ritual to prevent more women from being abducted by taking the most beautiful woman from the island and leaving her on the beach for Rannamari to take. With this ritual, Rannamari would leave the rest of the women alone.

Brief outline
According to Ibn Batuta's version of the story, the king at the time had haunted the people of the Maldives and was to be appeased monthly with the sacrifice of a virgin girl. On the last day of every month, a lot was drawn under the authority of the king among the women of the island. The chosen woman was then sent off to spend the evening in a temple where at night the king was to come. The following morning, the woman was found dead and the islanders proceeded with the burial rituals.

Common versions
The story of Rannamaari has two main versions, the traditional version and the one told by Ibn Batuta.

According to the Moroccan traveller Ibn Batuta, who visited the Maldives during his journeys through Asia,

Rannamaari, the notorious sea demon that haunted the people of the Maldives since time began. Every month, a virgin had to be sacrificed for the demon or the people of Maldives were to face his wrath. A girl was chosen from the inhabitants by the king or his advisers and she would be kept alone on the first night of the month in an isolated temple at the eastern seafront in Malé. At dawn, the girl's family would return to the temple to find the girl's dead body. Maldivians were very concerned until a Muslim traveller suggested that he be sent to the temple in the place of a girl to read verses of the Quran there. After the traveller recited Quran in the temple, the demon disappeared and was never heard of again. Everyone was grateful that the demon disappeared and believed that Allah is the greatest of all and converted to Islam.

title: Rannamaari


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Category:Mountain ranges of Virginia

Mountain ranges of Virginia, United States.

Related categories

 * Category:Mountains of Virginia

title: Category:Mountain ranges of Virginia


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Mister Mind

Mister Mind is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, primarily as an enemy of Captain Marvel. Created by Otto Binder and C. C. Beck for Fawcett Comics, the character made a cameo appearance in Captain Marvel Adventures #22 (March 1943) before making his full first appearance in Captain Marvel Adventures #26 (August 1943). Mister Mind is a two-inch alien caterpillar of high intelligence with telepathic powers who usually carries out his villainous plans through an organization called the Monster Society of Evil. The Society made its debut in Captain Marvel Adventures #22, and the resulting "Monster Society of Evil" story arc continued for two years in Captain Marvel Adventures, ending with issue #46 (May 1945).

Mister Mind appears in the DC Extended Universe films Shazam! and Shazam! Fury of the Gods, portrayed in CGI and voiced by director David F. Sandberg.

Fawcett Comics
After a brief appearance in issue #26, Mister Mind is eventually revealed in Captain Marvel Adventures #27 to be a cartoonish alien worm with spectacles and a talkbox around his neck to amplify his voice.

Despite his small size, Mister Mind continues to use his powers of intellect and telepathy to battle Captain Marvel in subsequent chapters of the serial, eventually recruiting numerous other allies ranging from Alligator-Men to Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini. "The Monster Society of Evil" serial concluded with Captain Marvel Adventures #46 (1945), in which Mind is finally captured, tried, and executed for crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg trials.

DC Comics
Fawcett ceased publication of Captain Marvel comics after settling a lawsuit from DC Comics in 1953. Twenty years later, DC acquired the rights to publish its own Captain Marvel stories under the title Shazam!, as well as the reprint rights to the Fawcett material. Mister Mind was reintroduced in a new story in Shazam! #2 (1973), which explained that he had survived his execution and hid while Captain Marvel and his allies were stuck in suspended animation for 20 years. Mister Mind would appear regularly as part of Captain Marvel's rogues gallery in his adventures in Shazam and World's Finest Comics through the 1970s and early 1980s. Mind also appeared, often with some form of the Monster Society of Evil, as a guest villain in other DC publications such as Justice League of America and DC Comics Presents. The final appearance of Mister Mind and the Monster Society of Evil in the original DC/Fawcett continuity was in All-Star Squadron #51–54 (November 1985 to February 1986), an arc written by Roy Thomas and his wife Dann that was chronologically Mind's first appearance and revealed the origin of his hatred of humanity and superheroes.

DC reset its comics' continuity with the 12-issue miniseries Crisis on Infinite Earths in 1985–86, and Mister Mind disappeared from DC publications for a decade. He re-emerged in The Power of Shazam! #13 (March 1996), now a more realistically depicted caterpillar-like being from the planet Venus possessing powers which include mind control, telepathy, and mental image projection. This Mind was the main villain of the second major story arc of The Power of Shazam!, and was depicted as the lead scout of Venusian worms looking to conquer the Earth. While Captain Marvel eventually destroys the other worms, Mind survives and becomes a recurring villain in The Power of Shazam!, JSA, and other DC publications, often forming a Monster Society of Evil to do his bidding as in the original serial. The weekly maxiseries 52 (2006-2007) featured Mister Mind as the series' final major adversary. In this story, he gains the ability to evolve into a gigantic "Hyperfly", able to eat space and time and inadvertently creating a new DC Multiverse in the process.

Following 52, Mind appeared irregularly as a supervillain in DC comic series such as Action Comics, Booster Gold, and more. In 2007, cartoonist Jeff Smith, the creator of Bone, wrote and illustrated a four-issue miniseries, ''Shazam! The Monster Society of Evil'', which offered an updated take on the classic Fawcett story.

In 2011, DC again reset its continuity with The New 52. In subsequent stories, Mister Mind has appeared sparingly, mostly in cameo appearances as in Justice League #21 (2013) and Convergence: Shazam! #2 (2015). He currently appears as one of the villains in DC's current Shazam! ongoing comic series, with his first appearance in Shazam! #2 (March 2019).

Earth-Two
Mister Mind came to Earth during World War II, drawn by its radio broadcasts; he especially loved Edgar Bergen's dummy Charlie McCarthy. Upon learning that his beloved Charlie was not real, he decided to conquer the world instead. To this end, he formed the first Monster Society of Evil, which was merely a shadow of what was to come. He gathered known villains like Dummy, Mister Who, Nyola, Oom the Mighty, and Ramulus to make up the Monster Society of Evil. They succeeded in capturing Hawkgirl. Not long after its founding, the other villains tried to kill him and Mister Mind retreated to Earth-S. Without his leadership, the team was quickly defeated in battle by the All-Star Squadron.

Captain Marvel Adventures: "The Monster Society of Evil" (Earth-S)
As a side-effect of the reality-altering Crisis on Infinite Earths, Mister Mind arrived in the universe of Earth-S (where Fawcett's former characters dwelled) sometime around 1846 (it was mentioned in this story that he had been working on a weapon for 97 years). His brilliant intellect, telepathic powers, and ruthlessness allowed him to conquer much of space, establishing bases on many different worlds as well as varied locations on Earth. He recruited supervillains, armies, and entire alien species to aid him in his attempt to conquer the Earth, and first relayed his information from the planetoid Punkus via radio. He began his reign of terror on Earth in 1943, boasting that he and the Monster Society of Evil would give Captain Marvel "nightmares from now on". This formed the basis of the plot for "The Monster Society of Evil" serial in Captain Marvel Adventures #22–46 (March 1943 to May 1945). Mind was not revealed as a worm until Captain Marvel Adventures #26.

Mind had many and varied plans to conquer Earth, and to destroy Captain Marvel and/or his teenaged alter-ego, Billy Batson. But Captain Marvel stopped all of Mind's plans, dismantled all of his resources, and arrested, frightened away, or accidentally killed all of his henchmen. Reverse cliffhangers were used in the Monster Society stories, such as Mister Mind about to be crushed under a careless heel or about to be crushed in a paper roller. Finally, a desperate Mister Mind attacked Captain Marvel's alter ego Billy Batson with ether and left him unconscious. But he then realized that without his henchmen, he was practically helpless and unable to kill him. Captain Marvel soon captured Mind and had him tried and executed for killing 186,744 people.

Shazam!: Return of the Society
Shazam! #2 was Mister Mind's first appearance in a DC comic, and depicted his return to villainy. Although he had been sentenced to death in the electric chair, Mister Mind's alien physiology proved resistant to the high voltage, and he entered a state of suspended animation that was mistaken for death. On the verge of being stuffed for display in a museum, he awakened, hypnotized the taxidermist into creating a duplicate, and escaped.

Shortly after Captain Marvel's own return from suspended animation, he countered Mister Mind trying to destroy the country with an expanding balloon-like weapon in St. Louis. With intelligence from a reformed Herkimer, Marvel succeeds in thwarting Mind's plan and capturing the worm.

Several future issues of Shazam! depict Mister Mind attempting to recruit new henchmen and reform the Monster Society of Evil, at one point even recruiting a displaced Lex Luthor from Earth-One. The Monster Society of Evil was briefly reformed in Shazam! #14 (September–October 1974).

An escaped Mister Mind, hungry for revenge, assembled a new, smaller group which included Doctor Sivana, his evil children Georgia and Sivana Jr, and Ibac. They attempted to attack the Marvel Family—Captain Marvel, Mary Marvel, and Captain Marvel Jr.—with a death ray that created "dream" monsters using first evil thoughts and later the nightmares of Uncle Marvel. The Marvels end up defeating the Monster Society by convincing Uncle Marvel to dream up "dream" versions of the Marvels to fight the monsters.

World's Finest Comics: The Monster Society Strikes Back
Mister Mind reformed his Monster Society of Evil one last time in the classic continuity, in World's Finest Comics #264–267 (August–September 1980 to February–March 1981). Almost the entire Marvel Family had to unite to stop them—Captain Marvel, Mary Marvel, Captain Marvel Jr., and the three Lieutenant Marvels: Tall Marvel, Fat Marvel, and Hill Marvel. Their wicked plans were wide-ranging, beginning with an assault on Egypt, expanding to a scheme to reverse the entire Earth's topography, Oggar raising an evil army from the sands and dusts of Egypt for Black Adam to lead, and conquering hundreds of planets and using them to build an army of spaceships. Their plans culminated in a massive assault on the Rock of Eternity, home of the Marvels' benefactor, the wizard Shazam.

World's Funnest
In the Elseworlds story Superman & Batman: World's Funnest (November 2000), the two near-omnipotent imps Mister Mxyzptlk and Bat-Mite engage in a tremendous duel that destroys many planes of reality. One of these appears to be a version of Earth-S. During their time there, they run into a version of the Monster Society of Evil. Mxyzptlk easily destroys them along with the rest of the universe, but eventually restores it.

Shazam! A New Beginning
Mister Mind's return to the DC Universe in wake of Crisis was first hinted at in Roy Thomas' ''Shazam! A New Beginning''. It closed with a defeated Dr. Sivana hiding out and drinking tequila in a Mexican dive bar. He ponders how he will defeat Captain Marvel when he sees a worm in the bottle and has the idea of using it as a weapon against the hero.

Thomas' idea of Mister Mind being a mutated tequila worm was not followed up on and he was given a different origin in his next appearance.

The Power of Shazam!
Mister Mind was fully re-introduced into the DC Universe in Jerry Ordway's The Power of Shazam! series in 1996. Mind was one of a race of mind-controlling worms from the planet Venus, who had plans to invade and take over the Earth, which they claim to have once ruled around the Ice Age. Appointed as the go-ahead agent, Mind arrived on Earth during World War II, by means of an indestructible space suit, but was captured by Bulletman, Starman, and Abin Sur before enacting his plan. Mind eventually escaped, stowing away on the Magellan space probe, and decades later forced Doctor Sivana to join forces with him, needing Sivana's scientific prowess to facilitate the Venusian worms' plans. He took control of the wealthy Sinclair Batson to finance those plans.

The worms' plans to invade the Earth were thwarted by Captain Marvel and Mary Marvel, who succeeded in killing all of the worms by sending them into deep space where they froze, save for Mister Mind, whom they placed in the custody of Sergeant Steel and the Department of Metahuman Affairs. Mind eventually escapes, takes over Steel's mind, and programs the robot Mister Atom, another Marvel Family villain in Steel's custody, to destroy the town of Fairfield, where Billy Batson (Captain Marvel) and Mary Bromfield (Mary Marvel) lived with their adopted parents. After Mister Atom's nuclear blast destroys the city and kills nearly all of its residents, the Marvels arrive in Washington, D.C. seeking revenge. Mister Mind's plot to set off a nuclear holocaust included using clones of himself to take over the minds of several regular American citizens, who were to make their ways to nuclear bomb facilities and initiate a nuclear holocaust. However, Mind's plan was foiled by the Marvel Family and Green Lanterns Kyle Rayner and Hal Jordan.

52
Mister Mind played an integral role in DC's year-long 2006-2007 weekly comic, 52, although the importance of his role in the series was revealed gradually over time and involved the concepts of time travel and temporal paradoxes.

The day following the end of the Infinite Crisis event, Dr. Sivana discovers Mister Mind lying in a crater in the desert and pockets him, sealing him in a specimen jar and taking it back to his laboratory to prevent him from interfering with his plans to take over the world. Sivana bombards Mind with particles of Suspendium, a time-altering element introduced in the 1970s Shazam! title. Although Sivana is then kidnapped by Intergang and forced to join their Science Squad, the Suspendium induces Mister Mind's delayed metamorphosis. As Sivana is dragged off, Mind observes a televised memorial for the heroes lost in the Infinite Crisis, and takes particular note of Skeets, the robotic companion of the time-traveling superhero Booster Gold. With his metamorphosis beginning, Mind proceeds to weave a cocoon around himself, which doubles as a matter transporter that he uses to beam himself inside Skeets in Will Magnus' lab, intending to use the robot as a "cradle" where he can spend the following year gestating and completing his transformation.

Destroying Skeets from within, Mind adopts his identity and makes plans to consume the Multiverse, which had returned to existence as a result of Infinite Crisis. Discovering that Rip Hunter is aware of his plans, Mind, as Skeets, attempts to hunt him down and draw him out, to no avail. Eventually, he discovers Hunter hiding in the bottled city of Kandor, but when Hunter turns the Phantom Zone projector on him, Mind overpowers it and "eats" the Phantom Zone itself. At the end of the year, Mind tracks Hunter and Booster down to the lab of T. O. Morrow, intent on acquiring the head of the Red Tornado, whose computerized brain has mapped the Multiverse. There, Mind's gestation completes and he emerges from within Skeets in a monstrous imago form known as a "Hyperfly". Now, instead of feeding on the brainwaves of individuals, he feeds on space-time itself and decides to devour the entire Multiverse. Booster and Hunter flee back in time to the moment of the Multiverse's birth, with the now-gigantic Mind in pursuit, following them from universe to universe, where he consumes portions of each world's history, altering their timelines and creating 52 new, distinct Earths. Mind is lured back to Hunter's lab, where he shrinks in size and becomes trapped within Skeets' Suspendium-lined shell. Booster hurls Mind backwards through time, where the Suspendium reverts Mind back to his larval form, and lands on the day after the end of Infinite Crisis, where he is found by Dr. Sivana and sealed in the jar. The remaining 52 seconds of time are used to bind him in a time loop.

Also during the series, unrelated to Mind's activities, a new incarnation of the Monster Society was formed, consisting of the Four Horsemen of Apokolips, creatures engineered by Intergang's Science Squad (including Sivana). Of particular note is Sobek, a humanoid crocodile not unlike the beings who were members of the Pre-Crisis Monster Society. This Monster Society attacked the Black Marvel Family for not joining the Freedom of Power treaty, and killed Isis and Osiris, only to be destroyed by Black Adam, save for Death, who flees. In his hunt for Death, Black Adam destroys the nation of Bialya, before defeating the final Horseman, torturing it for information, and killing it.

Shazam! The Monster Society of Evil (2007)
A new Captain Marvel prestige format four-issue limited series from DC Comics, 'Shazam! The Monster Society of Evil', written and illustrated by Jeff Smith (creator of Bone) began publication on February 7, 2007. Smith's Shazam! miniseries, in the works since 2003, is a more traditional take on the character, returning Captain Marvel to his roots with a story set outside of the DC Universe. In this version, Mister Mind resembles a small snake, with a more threatening face sans glasses, while wearing a modern style communicator headset. Many different monsters are shown in the Society, with the Crocodile-Men being replaced with the Alligator-Men.

The New 52
In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity. In this new timeline, Mister Mind makes his first appearance after Doctor Sivana's alliance with Black Adam fails. Sivana heads to the Rock of Eternity, where he cannot get in because of a magical shield. He cries out for someone to help him save his family, saying that while science has failed them, magic could save them. Sivana then discovers a caterpillar-like creature trapped in a bottle within the Rock. The creature claims that people call him "Mister Mind" and makes note that he and Doctor Sivana shall be the "best of friends".

DC Rebirth
Mister Mind returns in the new Shazam! series during the "DC Rebirth," still in an alliance with Sivana. Residing inside of Sivana's ear, Mister Mind has Sivana go to a doctor's office to cut out the tongue of a "medicine man" as it is needed for a spell. It is revealed that Mister Mind's real name is Maxivermis Mind and is believed to have originated from the Wildlands, one of the seven realms in the Magiclands. Believed to originally be a simple bookworm, Mister Mind suffered abuse as a child and tried for years to break into the Library of Eternity. He eventually succeeded and after absorbing all the knowledge and power of countless spells, he returned to the Wildlands and took his revenge on those who he believed had wronged him. Achieving his revenge, he set his sights on the Council of Eternity. He managed to work his way inside the council and it took the combined might of Solomon, Hercules, Atlas, Zeus, Achilles, Mercury, and ! to contain Mister Mind, but he was able to cause the death of Solomon. Mind's goal is to consume and control all the power of the Magiclands.

Mister Mind and Doctor Sivana plan to head to the Monsterlands to build the Monster Society of Evil from its inhabitants. As King Kid fights the Shazam Family in Philadelphia, Doctor Sivana and Mister Mind are directed to a boat by Dummy who cannot accompany them since he cannot deal with water. When they arrive at the Dungeon of Eternity, Mister Mind states that the inmates of the Dungeon of Eternity were gathered from all over the Magiclands and imprisoned for challenging the Council of Wizards. In addition, Mister Mind stated that the Monsterlands used to be called the Gods' Realm until the day of Black Adam's betrayal which led them to strip the gods of their powers and close the doors to the Magiclands. They find a small prison containing Superboy-Prime in the Monsterlands as Superboy-Prime states that he can hear what Mister Mind is saying. Mister Mind and Doctor Sivana begin their plans to free the Monster Society of Evil from the Dungeon of Eternity.

Mister Mind senses the fight between the Shazam Family and Mamaragan as he instructs Doctor Sivana to stab his magical eye with a dagger which starts to melt the doors to the cells holding the Monster Society of Evil. Then Mister Mind started to control C.C. revealing to Billy that he is using him as a host and not Doctor Sivana. Mister Mind states to the Shazam Family that he plans to use C.C. to unite the Magiclands under his rule. He then proceeds to summon the Monster Society of Evil leaving Dummy behind who is tricked by Superboy-Prime into freeing him. Shazam faces off against a Mister Mind-controlled C.C. Batson while the others fight the Monster Society of Evil. During the fight, Scapegoat and Red Queen ask when they are going to get a turn. Mister Mind states that they will get their chance when the Magiclands are united.

Mister Mind states to Shazam that it took him and Doctor Sivana awhile to find C.C. Batson. When Doctor Sivana uses a spell on Victor and Rosa Vasquez to get what Mister Mind wants, Shazam asks what that is. Speaking through C.C., Mister Mind states that he wants what Mamaragan and his Council of Wizards denied him years ago....access to the magic of the Seven Magiclands. When Tawky Tawny tries to help Shazam, Mister Mind has C.C. turn him into a cub. Then he has Doctor Sivana summon the Book of Champions from the Rock of Eternity. Mister Mind then has Shazam read the spells on the pages in exchange for sparing Victor and Rosa. Complying with Mister Mind, Shazam reads "Seven lands. Seven wars. Seven locks. Seven doors. Magic realms hidden now, show yourself to the Champion and with one final word, the spell is complete! SHAZAM!"

This causes all the doorways to the Seven Magiclands to be unlocked and obliterated. Using a spell from the Book of Champions, Shazam shrinks himself with the Subtraxerim spell and enters C.C.'s head to confront Mister Mind. Shazam confronts Mister Mind inside C.C.'s head and engages him in a magic battle. To prevent Mister Mind from casting spells, Shazam punches his talkbox enough to emit energy that knocks out the Monster Society of Evil. After using the Corpus Magnum spell to grow, Shazam works to undo Mister Mind's spell only for Superboy-Prime to interfere. He was able to undo the spell after he and Black Adam defeated Superboy-Prime.

Powers and abilities
Mister Mind is Earth's most formidable psychic extraterrestrial, easily able to take control of an individual's mind, as well as induce telepathic activity. He possesses many insect-related abilities, such as the ability to spin unique silk at speeds faster than any eye can see, plus encasing a human in his cocoon within seconds. Mister Mind has psychokinetic powers strong enough to pummel mystical champions and level several story buildings by a thought. He is a master strategist who could masterfully manipulate anyone into doing everything he desires, even with or without his mental capabilities.

Apparently very long-lived, Mister Mind's current body is also only the larval stage of his breed. He briefly reaches maturity and evolves into a Hyperfly that manipulates reality, feeds on the timelines of singular universes, and traverses space, including dimensions with relative ease. After forcibly rejuvenated himself back into his pupal stage, Mister Mind apparently retains the capability to reproduce asexually, thus using a host for breeding these identical siblings. He can also adjust his size and mass at will or psionically influence technology from galaxies far away.

Other versions

 * In Mark Waid and Alex Ross's 1996 miniseries Kingdom Come, Dr. Sivana was credited by Lex Luthor for creating a breed of mind-controlling worms before his death. Also in Superman's gulag, many of the prisoners were members of the Pre-Crisis Monster Societies, such as Jeepers, Mister Banjo, King Kull, the Crocodile Men, Ibac, and Goat-Man.
 * In Jim Krueger, Doug Braithwaite and Alex Ross's series Justice, Dr. Sivana uses mind-controlling robots based on Mister Mind.

Television

 * Mister Mind appears in The Kid Super Power Hour with Shazam!, voiced by Lou Scheimer. In his most notable appearance, he is stricken with an inferiority complex as bigger villains never take him seriously.
 * Mister Mind appears in Batman: The Brave and the Bold, voiced by Greg Ellis. In his most notable appearance in the episode "The Malicious Mr. Mind!", he takes control of the Monster Society of Evil from Doctor Sivana to battle Batman and the Marvel Family. Seeking revenge, Sivana attempts to use a death ray he was constructing on Mind, only to learn too late that the latter modified it into a growth ray. Nonetheless, Batman reverses the effect before defeating the villains.
 * Mister Mind appears in the "Shazam!" segment of DC Nation Shorts, voiced by Eric Bauza.
 * Mister Mind appears in Justice League Action, voiced by Oliver Vaquer. This version sports a radio that he uses to communicate with others.
 * Mister Mind appears in the Teen Titans Go! episode "Little Elvis", voiced by Scott Menville. This version has a childlike and goofy personality in keeping with the series' tone.

Film

 * Mister Mind appears in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU) film Shazam!, voiced by uncredited director David F. Sandberg. This version was initially imprisoned in the Rock of Eternity, before escaping during Thaddeus Sivana's attack on the wizard Shazam. In the mid-credits scene, he approaches an imprisoned Sivana to propose an alliance.
 * Mister Mind appears in Lego DC: Shazam!: Magic and Monsters, voiced again by Greg Ellis. This version is the leader of the Monster Society of Evil who seeks to metamorphose into a giant moth.
 * Mister Mind appears in the post-credits scene of the DCEU film Shazam! Fury of the Gods, voiced again by Sandberg. After disappearing for two years, he re-visits Sivana to enact his plans, only to leave again to complete another task.

Video games
Mister Mind appears as a character summon in Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure.

title: Mister Mind


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User talk:Geedubber

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:56, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Costs of the internet

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. CDC  (talk)  22:25, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Costs of the internet
Looks like an op-ed piece. --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 08:03, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC) WITHDRAWN
 * And a failed one at that, I am sorry to say. Wikipedia is not a budgeting advice center, try Sorted instead. Master Thief Garrett 12:19, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Op-ed piece. TigerShark 14:51, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a soapbox. Zzyzx11 | Talk 21:29, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. -- 8^D gab 21:36, 2005 Apr 24 (UTC)
 * A parochial view of Internet service providers that covers ground already covered in Internet, Dial-up access, Broadband Internet access, Digital Subscriber Line, Satellite Internet, DSL around the world, and Cable modem. Too parochial to be relevant to most Wikipedia readers, and not a particularly useful title for an article. Delete. Uncle G 00:10, 2005 Apr 25 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Category:Mountain ranges of Vermont

Mountain ranges of Vermont, United States.

Related categories

 * Category:Mountains of Vermont

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Category:Mountain ranges of New Hampshire

Mountain ranges of New Hampshire, United States.

Related categories

 * Category:Mountains of New Hampshire


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Category:Mountain ranges of New York (state)

Mountain ranges of New York, United States.


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List of sign languages

There are perhaps three hundred sign languages in use around the world today. The number is not known with any confidence; new sign languages emerge frequently through creolization and de novo (and occasionally through language planning). In some countries, such as Sri Lanka and Tanzania, each school for the deaf may have a separate language, known only to its students and sometimes denied by the school; on the other hand, countries may share sign languages, although sometimes under different names (Croatian and Serbian, Indian and Pakistani). Deaf sign languages also arise outside educational institutions, especially in village communities with high levels of congenital deafness, but there are significant sign languages developed for the hearing as well, such as the speech-taboo languages used in aboriginal Australia. Scholars are doing field surveys to identify the world's sign languages.

The following list is grouped into three sections :

 * Deaf sign languages, which are the preferred languages of Deaf communities around the world; these include village sign languages, shared with the hearing community, and Deaf-community sign languages
 * Auxiliary sign languages, which are not native languages but sign systems of varying complexity, used alongside spoken languages. Simple gestures are not included, as they do not constitute language.
 * Signed modes of spoken languages, also known as manually coded languages, which are bridges between signed and spoken languages

The list of deaf sign languages is sorted regionally and alphabetically, and such groupings should not be taken to imply any genetic relationships between these languages (see List of language families).

Africa
There are at least 25 sign languages in Africa, according to researcher Nobutaka Kamei. Some have distributions that are completely independent of those of African spoken languages. At least 13 foreign sign languages, mainly from Europe and America, have been introduced to at least 27 African nations; some of the 23 sign languages documented by Kamei have originated with or been influenced by them.

Historical deaf sign languages

 * Martha's Vineyard Sign Language
 * Old French Sign Language – ancestral to the French family
 * Old Kent Sign Language

Auxiliary sign languages

 * Baby Sign – using signs to assist early language development in young children.
 * Contact Sign – a pidgin or contact language between a spoken language and a sign language, e.g. Pidgin Sign English (PSE).
 * Curwin Hand Signs – a technique which allows musical notes to be communicated through hand signs.
 * International Sign (previously known as Gestuno) – an auxiliary language used by deaf people in international settings.
 * Makaton – a system of signed communication used by and with people who have speech, language or learning difficulties.
 * Mofu-Gudur Sign Language
 * Monastic sign language
 * Signalong – international sign assisted communication techniques used to support children and adults with communication or learning difficulties

Manual modes of spoken languages
Manual modes of spoken languages include:

 * General
 * Cued Speech – a hand/mouth system (HMS) to render spoken language phonemes visually intelligible.
 * Fingerspelling – alphabetic signs to represent the written form of a spoken language.
 * English
 * Manually Coded English
 * Signing Exact English (SEE2)
 * Makaton
 * Malay
 * Bahasa Malaysia Kod Tangan (BMKT)
 * Speech-taboo languages
 * Caucasian Sign Language
 * Australian Aboriginal sign languages (though Yolŋu Sign Language does not correspond to any one language, and doubles as a language of the deaf)

Genetic classification of sign languages
Languages are assigned families (implying a genetic relationships between these languages) as British, Swedish (perhaps a branch of BSL), French (with branches ASL (American), Austro-Hungarian, Danish, Italian), German, Japanese, and language isolates.

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Category:Mountain ranges of Texas

Mountain ranges of Texas, United States.

Related categories

 * Category:Mountains of Texas

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Henry Dalton

Henry Clay Dalton (May 7, 1847 – November 3, 1911) was superintendent of the St. Louis City Hospital, Missouri, United States, from 1886 to 1892, and later a professor of abdominal and clinical surgery at Marion Sims College of Medicine (now part of the St. Louis University School of Medicine). He is noted for being the first American to perform the suturing of the pericardium on record. Spanish surgeon Francisco Romero was documented with performing two successful surgeries in 1801 and French surgeon Dominique Jean Larrey was documented as successfully performing surgery on a woman's pericardium in 1810.

Suturing of the pericardium
The operation occurred on September 6, 1891 at the City Hospital, on a twenty-two-year-old man who had been stabbed in the chest. Upon arrival of the patient, Dalton cleaned the wound and applied a dressing of antiseptic gauze. After several hours, the patient's condition worsened: the left side of his chest became dull to percussion; his temperature and pulse rate rose; his breathing became shallow; and he complained of considerable pain. He was taken to the surgical amphitheatre, where Dalton made an incision over the fourth rib and removed about 6 in of it. After tying the severed intercostal artery to control bleeding and removing the blood from the pleural cavity, Dalton observed a transverse wound of the pericardium about 2 in in length. With a sharply curved needle and catgut, he closed the wound by continuous suture, overcoming great difficulty caused by the heart pulsations. The pleural cavity was then irrigated and the chest incision closed without drainage. The patient made "an uninterrupted, rapid recovery." The published report of the operation appeared in the state medical association's journal and another local periodical in 1894, and in the Annals of Surgery the following year.

Legacy
On July 10, 1893 African American surgeon Daniel Hale Williams became the first on record to replicate Dalton's success, repairing the torn pericardium of knife wound patient James Cornish. In the mid-1890s, attempts were made to further improve cardiac surgery. The first successful surgery on the heart itself was performed by Norwegian surgeon Axel Cappelen on 4 September 1895 at Rikshospitalet in Kristiania, now Oslo. The first successful surgery of the heart, performed without any complications, was by Dr. Ludwig Rehn of Frankfurt, Germany, who repaired a stab wound to the right ventricle on September 7, 1896.

Despite these new accomplishments, Dalton and other early cardiac surgeon received little recognition for the successful surgeries they performed and surgeons still thought they should not perform surgery on the heart. Heart surgery would not be widely accepted among surgeons until World War II broke out and forced battlefield surgeons to improve their methods of surgery in order to repair severe war wounds. Despite the earlier lack of recognition for his accomplishments, Dalton later received good recognition for his role in revolutionizing cardiac surgery.

title: Henry Dalton


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Killing of Kendra James

Kendra James was a 21-year-old African-American Oregonian mother of two, who was fatally shot by police on May 5, 2003. The incident sparked a controversy over the use of deadly force by the Portland Police Bureau in Portland, Oregon.

James was a passenger – who also had an outstanding warrant for her arrest – stopped by Portland police officers Rick Bean, Kenneth Reynolds, and Scott McCollister. The driver, Terry Jackson, was arrested and placed in a squad car after he was discovered to have an outstanding warrant. After he and another passenger in the car were removed peaceably by the officers, James jumped from the back seat into the driver's seat. McCollister then made several unsuccessful attempts to remove James while partially within the vehicle through an open door. He claimed to have tried to pull James out by her hair, and also attempted to use a taser. He said that he had also attempted to use pepper spray to subdue James, but was unable to operate the canister. An investigation by the Portland Police Bureau found McCollister's pepper spray canister was operational, but no traces of spray were found. McCollister drew his firearm and held it to James' head, demanding she exit the vehicle. McCollister said he then felt the car move and, concerned that he could have fallen out and been run over, fired a single shot.

Several members of Portland City Council were unimpressed with police chief Mark Kroeker's performance at a community forum in North Portland shortly after James' death, and his handling of the incident has been described as having "led to his sudden exit."

The James family's lawyers questioned whether evidence existed regarding James attempting to move the car, and whether the tactics McCollister used, especially his attempt to enter the car (McCollister said that he was 80% in the car), were consistent with police training. Several witnesses alleged that McCollister did not fire while within the car; powder residue testing indicated that McCollister's handgun was at least 30 to 48 inches away from James when discharged, a fact which lawyers for James' family alleged was inconsistent with McCollister's version of events. Multnomah County District Attorney Mike Schrunk declined to hold a public inquest into James' death.

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Mirza Shah Mahmud

Mirza Shah Mahmud (born c. 1446) was briefly a Timurid ruler of Herat. He was the son of Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza, who was a great-grandson of Timur. Shah Mahmud succeeded his father upon his death in 1457 at the age of eleven. Only a few weeks later, his cousin Ibrahim Mirza, a son of Ala al-Dawla Mirza, expelled him from Herat. Shah Mahmud failed to distinguish himself in the following years, and died sometime in the 1460s.

title: Mirza Shah Mahmud