text:
Bleachers (novel)

Bleachers is a sports novel by John Grisham, first published on September 9, 2003. The hardcover edition was published by Doubleday and the paperback edition by Dell. The book focuses on whether the famous Eddie Rake, former coach of the Messina High School football team, was loved or hated by his former players.

Plot summary
Neely Crenshaw, born in 1969, is a high school All-American quarterback, who has been Messina High School's 'golden boy,' expected to lead them to the state title.

Neely is a highly recruited quarterback with a golden arm, fast feet, plenty of size, maybe the greatest Messina quarterback ever. When Neely was younger and playing football with his friends, a man watching him approached Neely, saying "You're going to play football for the Spartans."

In 1987, after trailing 31–0 at halftime to East Pike, and crippled by a broken hand, the gutsy quarterback rallies the Spartans to a 34–31 victory for Messina's first state championship in seven years, achieved without the assistance of coach Rake. His hand injury is caused when Neely punches Coach Eddie Rake in the face, after Coach Rake backhands him, causing him to break his nose.

After graduation, Crenshaw had received 31 scholarship offers and chooses Tech, a fictional university. He receives $50,000, a violation of NCAA rules for signing with the school.

In the second half of the 1989 Gator Bowl, Crenshaw comes off the bench for Tech, throws for three touchdowns, runs for one hundred yards and leads a last-second comeback.

As a sophomore, he is national player of the week when he throws for six touchdowns against Purdue University. But against A&M later that year, he suffers a career-ending knee injury on a cheap shot hit after Crenshaw was out of bounds.

Crenshaw subsequently drops football for the real estate business.

When the story begins, most of the 714 football players Rake had coached in his 34 years at Messina High School return to the town for the funeral of the legendary coach, a man both beloved and reviled.

Rake ends his career with 418 wins, 62 losses, and 13 state championships. During a grueling unsanctioned Sunday morning practice in 1992, Messina player Scotty Reardon died of a heat stroke. Rake's brutal training methods are called into question and the superintendent of education, who also is Reardon's uncle, fires Rake.

In a letter revealed at Rake's funeral, the coach states the two regrets of his life were losing Scotty Reardon and for striking All-American quarterback Neely Crenshaw at halftime of the 1987 championship game against East Pike.

At the funeral, Neely ends up forgiving coach after all those years of debating whether he likes or dislikes Eddie Rake.

title: Bleachers (novel)


text:
Talk:Yehuda Bauer

Anti-Semitism versus Anti-Zionism
http://www.aljazeera.com/cgi-bin/news_service/middle_east_full_story.asp?service_id=7608 Making any statement like this is always branded as Anti-Semitism while at best it is Anti-ZIonist (or simply the truth !). Now PLEASE change this Anti-Semitism crap about Islam !

Yehuda Bauer
We would like to get in touch with professor Bauer.

Could you send us his email address?

Thanks,

Mike Ebrani

 * Have you tried tracking him down through his university's departmental website? Historian932 (talk) 06:04, 30 November 2009 (UTC)

The footnote buried at the bottom concernig the Wannsee Conference is interesting enough to be explained in the body of the article ( trying to tell the truth but burying it at the same time? ). Bauer says the Wannsee Protocols are not a plan for extermination - contrary to the wiki article on the Wannsee. I don't believe any reputable scholar agrees with wiki on this one. To connect Hitler with extermination Bauer etal then fall into guesses and mysticism - at least Bauer dispute Goldhagen ( he has some pride left).

Full disclosure
There has been a dispute about content within The Holocaust's article, particularly regarding whether or not 'slaughter' is an appropriate word to use. I am involved in that dispute and my edits to the Yehuda Bauer article may therefore look like POV pushing. While that may appear true, I am using neutral language and citing the subject of the article; research already done should be put to use where applicable. —Parhamr 09:14, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

Evidence of insistence on orthodoxy?
I was troubled by the sentence:

"Professor Bauer also believes that people must go to Yad Vashem to learn the right way of understanding the Holocaust."

It makes him sound intellectually totalitarian, perhaps some elaboration is in order? Also the following sentence (which I rewrote) ("Many others believe that complex historical events such as the Holocaust require a multiplicity of perspectives rather than a single orthodoxy, however well intentioned and enlightened it may be.") seems somewhat gratuitous and even mildly latently moralistic but I didn't want to delete it outright (lest I be accused of "censorship"). Historian932 (talk) 06:24, 30 November 2009 (UTC)

Yehuda Bauer´s essay on the rescue of Danish Jews in 1943
About ten years ago I read an article or a brochure by Bauer on the rescue of most Danish Jews from deportation in Sep. 1943, after they had been warned by a German diplomat, Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz. This episode is correctly reported in the WP article on Duckwitz, himself an early member of the Nazi party. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ferdinand_Duckwitz Surprisingly Yehuda Bauer did not mention Duckwitz in his essay or brochure, without whose warning the rescue of the Danish Jews would in all likelihood not have taken place. Can anyone help me find this publication and explain to me why Duckwitz´ name was not mentioned?Ontologix (talk) 02:14, 24 October 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Yehuda Bauer. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110617061055/http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_main/TopSiteJeru.asp?newstr=3&src=%2Fjer_sys%2Fpublish%2FHtmlFiles%2F1030%2Fresults_pub_id%3D12594.html&cont=895 to http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_main/TopSiteJeru.asp?newstr=3&src=%2Fjer_sys%2Fpublish%2FHtmlFiles%2F1030%2Fresults_pub_id%3D12594.html&cont=895
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://humanities.ucsc.edu/JewishStudies/docs/YBauerLecture.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 22:56, 14 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Yehuda Bauer. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20061202210719/http://www.adl.org/education/dimensions_18_1/portrait.asp to http://www.adl.org/education/dimensions_18_1/portrait.asp

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:59, 2 December 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Yehuda Bauer. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120325191332/http://israelcfr.com/documents/6-1/6-1-6-Bauer.pdf to http://www.israelcfr.com/documents/6-1/6-1-6-Bauer.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140825162208/http://www.israelcfr.com/documents/7-3/7-3-7-YehudaBauer.pdf to http://www.israelcfr.com/documents/7-3/7-3-7-YehudaBauer.pdf
 * Added tag to http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1242212366393&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull
 * Added tag to http://www.researchchannel.com/prog/displayseries.asp?collid=518

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:34, 30 December 2017 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 6 July 2021
"Discussing Denial and Distortion of the Holocaust" While the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance attempted to define Holocaust denial and distortion in 2013 (https://www.holocaustremembrance.com/resources/working-definitions-charters/working-definition-holocaust-denial-and-distortion), Bauer points out a gap in the definition: namely, quantification of victims. A huge way in which denial manifests, he argues, is in underestimating Jewish fatalities, thus leading them to "conclude that 'the Jews' exaggerate their losses" (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23739770.2020.1805916). Another key way in which the Holocaust's impact is diminished is by key antisemitic and right-wing intellectuals, who argue that Jews "invented the Holocaust for economic and political gain" (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23739770.2020.1805916). While this claim is widely disputed in much of the 'Western' world, Bauer points out that Holocaust denial is engrained in much of radical Islam. This denial stems from promises by the Germans for liberation from Western dependency and manifests through denial in Islamic media outlets. Bauer points out, through his writing in the Israel Council on Foreign Relations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Council_on_Foreign_Relations), that one form of denial outright denies the Holocaust and the other which supports ideas of destruction, outlined by the Holocaust. Polish denial, Bauer claims, is less focused on the fact that the Holocaust existed (which is commemorated widely in Poland), but is focused on denial of individual Polish responsibility in the Holocaust. Despite this denial, Poles consistently collaborated with villages and leaders alike to arrest and alert Germany of the presence of Jews. As such, Bauer hopes that the definition can be expanded to meet these needs and hopes that in doing so, other countries will take sufficient responsibility for their participation in the Shoah (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23739770.2020.1805916). Mapelviewicecream (talk) 11:52, 6 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 19:17, 29 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please clearly mention/quote the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. Please do not reopen this without making new statements.     07:51, 4 August 2021 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 20 January 2022
Change this: What the Nazis called the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" was formalized at the Wannsee Conference on January 20, 1942.

To this: What the Nazis called the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" is considered to have been formalized at the Wannsee Conference on January 20, 1942, although Bauer has rejected this view, calling it a "silly story".

Cite this 23 Jan 1992 article from Jewish Telegraphic Agency: https://www.jta.org/archive/nazi-scheme-not-born-at-wannsee-israeli-holocaust-scholar-claims

Cite The Canadian Jewish News 30 Jan 1992. The article is screenshotted here as Image 12 and claimed to be from that date, although I don't know if a better confirmation of the date is needed https://phdn.org/archives/holocaust-history.org/wannseeprotocol/index.html

Not sure if Wikipedia's characterization of the conference is at all warranted. From the link above (THHP) - "Since the early 1960s at the latest, historians agree that no decision was taken at Wannsee and in countless books and articles published since, this overrated interpretation of Wannsee is addressed explicitly. [...] Bauer was far from the first scholar who has rejected the "Wannsee decision" - as already said, this was accepted by historians for decades." HonestManBad (talk) 01:47, 20 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 01:54, 20 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Since no one has expressed contrary views in three months (see the section below), you can go ahead with the change. HonestManBad (talk) 09:41, 17 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I look at it the other way. No one saw fit to make the edit, so there is no consensus for the change. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 12:22, 17 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Again, if you disagree, the onus is on you to say so. No one has. The point of extended-protected is not that only the opinions of the Wikipedia aristocracy matter. I don't have to convince anyone who's unwilling to engage. There's me versus 3 months of silence: that's all the consensus I need. Besides, all I'm asking for is a well-sourced addition which doesn't contradict previous information: what it presently says is just "X" which precisely means "historians agree that X", so if I change it to "historians agree that X, although Bauer has rejected this", it is only an addition. As for the question of whether historians actually agree on X, although this is dubious, it's not part of the concrete change I've proposed. HonestManBad (talk) 12:51, 17 April 2022 (UTC)
 * This time, please leave it to someone who is willing to either implement the change or state an objection. HonestManBad (talk) 00:00, 19 April 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ (diff) This appears appropriately sourced. It has been attributed to in the page history as is expected when implementing ERs. I’ve only cited the first source though as the the Canadian Jewish News used the JTA story in syndication. As an aside, both the arguments for silence above seem to be limited by Warnock's dilemma likely suggesting low visibility here. Implementing the requested edit might help bring enough attention to settle any potential concerns. --N8wilson 🔔 03:26, 30 June 2022 (UTC)

The Wannsee Conference and Bauer's views
'What the Nazis called the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" was formalized at the Wannsee Conference on January 20, 1942.'

This comes just after a passage describing Bauer's view which clashes with this. So... you state "Bauer believes X", then right after that you essentially state "X is false" as an established fact without noting the contradiction. Very strangely written.

I propose that the above sentence be changed to 'What the Nazis called the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" is considered to have been formalized at the Wannsee Conference on January 20, 1942, although Bauer has rejected this view, calling it a "silly story".'

Cite this 23 Jan 1992 article from Jewish Telegraphic Agency.

Cite The Canadian Jewish News 30 Jan 1992. The article is screenshotted here by The Holocaust History Project (THHP) as Image 12 and claimed to be from that date.

I'm not sure if Wikipedia's characterization of the conference is at all warranted. From the THHP link above - "Since the early 1960s at the latest, historians agree that no decision was taken at Wannsee and in countless books and articles published since, this overrated interpretation of Wannsee is addressed explicitly. [...] Bauer was far from the first scholar who has rejected the "Wannsee decision" - as already said, this was accepted by historians for decades." HonestManBad (talk) 10:59, 20 January 2022 (UTC)

Himmler stating rejection
Where does Himmler states his rejection of "the Bolshevik method of physical annihilation of a people out of inner conviction as un-German and impossible,"? He is not rejecting anything, he says he prefers emigration IF they decide not to physically exterminate them. "Cruel and tragic as every individual case may be, this method (emigration) is still the mildest and best one if, out of inner conviction, one rejects as un-German and impossible the Bolshevist method of physical extermination of a people." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A00:CA8:A15:12BA:4AB:9488:349E:145D (talk) 17:14, 14 February 2022 (UTC)

The Holocaust as the worst single case of genocide in history
The claim is made in the Holocaust section that Professor Bauer believes "the Holocaust was the worst single case of genocide in history" but I have heard him explicitly denying this in a recent lecture to an audience of schoolteachers at Yad Vashem and available now on YouTube. There is no citation for the claim made in the article and I believe he probably never held such an opinion but if he did so he has certainly changed this opinion. There might be a confusion in the minds of some how Professor Bauer speaks of the uniqueness of the Jewish Holocaust but this is identical to the uniqueness of every case of genocide where the specificity of the victims' experience must be appreciated. Professor Bauer believes there to be no measure of the Jewish Holocaust event which can support the view that it was the worst single case of genocide in history. Someone needs to fix this serious error. SanVitores (talk) 04:59, 25 August 2022 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 25 December 2022
There should be a space before "Bauer" in the sentence that begins "Bauer has criticized..." Kamtal75 (talk) 09:02, 25 December 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅. lettherebedarklight晚安 13:51, 25 December 2022 (UTC)
 * botched the ping, @kamtal75. lettherebedarklight晚安 13:52, 25 December 2022 (UTC)

謝謝! Kamtal75 (talk) 00:15, 26 December 2022 (UTC)

Photo
A more up-to-date photo would be desirable here and in the articles in other languages. Mcljlm (talk) 16:42, 5 April 2024 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 3 June 2024
Please remove from the introduction: "Bauer is a Bosnian genocide denier who has claimed that the Srebrenica massacre was an "act of mass murder, but not genocide". Ivica Bakota; (2019) Bosnia-Herzegovina social briefing: Bosnian genocide denial p. 4; "

This statement was recently added by another user, and is defamatory and inaccurate. Bauer does not deny the events that took place at Srebrenica, but rather discusses how the legal definition of genocide is applied to different instances of mass murder as part of his work (source: https://www.ushmm.org/m/pdfs/20070215-bauer.pdf). Furthermore, the Srebrenica massacre is not a central focus of Bauer's scholarship in any way, and should not be included in the first section of his article. A quick internet search will reveal that this change is primarily intended to slander Bauer, not to contribute to the body of knowledge in the article. Furthermore, looking at the history of the edits on the article, you will see that this information has never been previously phrased this way in the article, raising serious questions regarding its veracity. The source that is included to support this edit is also obscure and dubious, and is not a reputable academic source. 100.15.203.82 (talk) 13:42, 3 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Pinging, who made the edit.   [[User:CanonNi ]]  (talk • contribs) 13:50, 3 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting wait.svg Already done rmv from queue as it has been handled

Geardona (talk to me?) 01:01, 3 July 2024 (UTC)

 * It has been (almost) 14 days. This is a biography of a living person. Fezagir (talk) 18:59, 16 July 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Yehuda Bauer


text:
The Testament (Grisham novel)

The Testament is an adventure story by American author John Grisham. It was published in hardcover by Doubleday on February 2, 1999.

Plot
Troy Phelan, an eccentric elderly billionaire, has written many wills during his life, but right before he dies by suicide, he leaves one final will, a holographic will, as a last surprise. He then leaps from a balcony to his death. He leaves his vast fortune to an illegitimate daughter, Rachel Lane, instead of his six children by three marriages. Her existence comes as a total surprise to everyone. His reason is revulsion over years of fighting with, and embarrassment from, his family, as well as their greed — much of which was due to his neglect of his children and multiple affairs (both personal and business).

His lawyers are now tasked with protecting Troy's wishes as well as finding the heiress. Nate O'Riley, a high-powered litigation lawyer and now recovering alcoholic, is sent to Brazil, where Rachel is believed to be living as a missionary.

While Nate is trying to find Rachel, Troy's family does everything in their power to contest the new will. They argue that although Troy was examined by three of the top psychiatrists in the nation, he was lacking sanity at the time of the new will.

The journey into the Pantanal of South America by way of Corumbá nearly kills Nate, but finally he and his guide locate the tribe with which Rachel Lane is living. She refuses the legacy or anything connected with it. Nate is unable to convince her otherwise. Incidentally, he falls deeply in love with her and is influenced by her to become religious. Contracting dengue fever from a mosquito, when lying delirious in the hospital he seems to see Rachel standing by his bed and saying "Nate, don't die, God has plans for you".

In the meantime, the ex-wives, children and respective lawyers continue attempting to destroy and disprove all evidence of Troy Phelan's sanity and even the will itself. They finally decide not to contest the will in court, fearing that their testimony during the deposition will further hurt their case. They also realize that two witnesses for the plaintiff are lying and would be torn to shreds by Nate should a trial ever take place. To settle the matter, Nate agrees that the relatives of Troy Phelan will be paid $50 million each (minus lawyers' fees) to stop turning the will contest into a legal quagmire.

When all is over, Nate returns to the jungle in order to get Rachel to sign off on the settlement. But when he arrives, he learns that Rachel has died from malaria. She has, however, left instructions that the money be put into trust for the benefit of the indigenous peoples and that Nate will have control of the trust. The end of the book shows Nate riding off in a boat into the Pantanal, not caring if it took a month to get back to civilization.

Characters
Troy Phelan, an eccentric, reclusive, ruthless billionaire businessman, commits suicide. In order to cut his family out of his will, he makes a fake will a few hours before his suicide, putting his family into that will. Minutes before his suicide, he shows his lawyer a new will that he would like carried out. This will leave only enough money to each of his heirs to pay off their debts up until the day of his death, and leaves everything else to Rachel Lane, an illegitimate daughter that none of his family and associates know about.

Josh Stafford, Troy's lawyer, confidant, and executor, must find Rachel, but he knows only that she is a missionary somewhere in Brazil. He decides to assign Nate O'Riley, a former high-powered litigator and recovering alcoholic, to find her. Nate is emerging from his fourth stay in rehab, and he reluctantly agrees to go. Josh manipulates the situation from behind the scenes.

Rachel Lane, an illegitimate daughter whom Troy wills eleven billion dollars to. She is a missionary in Brazil who wants nothing to do with the money and refuses to sign any legal papers. She was re-contacted by her father when she was a teenager. Troy paid for her to attend college, but she then disappeared into medical school and seminary. She dies after contracting malaria.

Nate O'Riley, the lawyer sent to find Rachel Lane. He has been off-and-on drugs/alcohol several times, crashing harder every time. A workaholic whose habits have shattered both of his marriages; he is sent to Brazil to get him away from the office. He has two children from his first marriage and two younger children from his second marriage. His encounter with Rachel eventually sets him on a path to spiritual redemption. He grows feelings for Rachel before she dies.

Father Phil Lancaster, the Rector of Holy Trinity Church in St Michaels, Maryland, who makes Nate welcome.

The Phelan Children, six children who were born to three different women (a seventh one died in a car accident). All of them, despite being given a gift of $5 million at the age of 21, are either broke or heavily in debt. They are desperate for a cut of Troy's wealth and employ even greedier lawyers.
 * Troy Junior: The oldest child. On his second marriage, his business ventures always end in failure. He was kicked out of college for selling drugs. Completely spent his $5 million before he was thirty and was fired from multiple positions in his father's company.
 * Rex Phelan: The second child. Currently owes more than $7 million and is under investigation by the FBI for being a director in a failed bank. Runs a series of strip clubs although all his assets are in the name of his wife, herself an ex-stripper.
 *  Libbigail Phelan Jeter: The oldest daughter by Troy's first marriage with a long history of drug abuse. Currently married to her third husband, an ex-biker she met while in rehab.
 * Mary Ross Phelan Jackman: The youngest child from Troy's first marriage. The only Phelan heir still married to his or her first spouse. Considered the least volatile and most level-headed of her siblings, being the only one without any arrests, addictions or expulsions. She and her husband (an orthopedist) live a wealthy lifestyle but are heavily in debt.
 * Geena Phelan Strong: The surviving child of Troy's second marriage (her brother Rocky was killed in a car crash in high school). Married to her second husband, whose business ventures have all been poor investments. Described with her husband as being "two immature kids living a pampered life with someone else's money, and dreaming of the big score." Shifty, dishonest, glib and quick with the half-truth, thus considered as being the most dangerous of the heirs.
 * Ramble Phelan: The youngest child overall, and the only one from Troy's third marriage is fourteen years old and hasn't received any money yet. Only attends school when he feels like it, lives in his basement, avoids his mother as much as possible, has never had a paying job, played any sports or seen the inside of a church. Likes to play the guitar and dreams of being a rock star. Considered to be the "scariest" of the Phelan heirs.

Film adaptation
According to The Hollywood Reporter, in 2009, producers Mark Johnson and Hunt Lowry were developing a film adaptation of The Testament. Stuart Blumberg was attached to direct the film adaptation.

title: The Testament (Grisham novel)


text:
Talk:Longan

Origin
is longan native to southeast asia? i think it is native to south china — Preceding unsigned comment added by 175.136.233.92 (talk) 03:12, 8 June 2011 (UTC)

 * I found a reference in the Chinese page for the fruit. The famous Chinese poet Su Dongpo (11th century) wrote a poem titled 荔支歎 (the lament of lychee) about lychee and longan being used as annual tributes to the Eastern Han court. "Tributes" means that the fruits were exotic, and the trees did not grow in China of the Han dynasty. Su Dongpo also said that the tributes came from 交州 (Giao Châu in Vietnamese ) and 交州 was the name of present day Vietnam, being a province of China in the 1st and 2nd century. So, longan's origin is in Indochina, not South China. One interesting thing about the fruit is that its name in Vietnamese is a transcription of the Chinese name 龙眼 into Vietnamese (long nhãn) and it appears that nobody knows whether the fruit had a Vietnamese name originally (I am Vietnamese). @Mirrordor Mirrordor (talk) 16:50, 17 July 2024 (UTC)

"Longan growth enhancement efforts" problem with source
In the header 'Longan growth enhancement efforts', when discussing the difference in yields, a study about lychees is quoted. This doesn't seem quite right to me, because while the fruits are related, they are not the same. I'm not sure if this source should be moved or removed, but it certainly isn't where it should be. 62.166.165.86 (talk) 17:54, 27 December 2023 (UTC)

 * I agree with your assessment and removed the content and sources for lychee in the section. Zefr (talk) 18:22, 27 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Longan


text:
A Painted House

A Painted House is a 2001 novel by American author John Grisham.

Inspired by his childhood in Arkansas, it is Grisham's first major work outside the legal thriller genre in which he established himself. Initially published in serial form, the book was released in six installments in The Oxford American magazine. The entire novel was later published in hardback and paperback by Doubleday. Set in the late summer and early fall of 1952, its story is told through the eyes of seven-year-old Luke Chandler, the youngest in a family of cotton farmers struggling to harvest their crops and earn enough to settle their debts. The novel portrays the experiences that bring him from a world of innocence into a harsh reality.

Plot
The story begins as Luke Chandler and his grandfather Eli, also known as Pappy, search for migrant workers to help them with the cotton picking. They initially consider themselves lucky to hire the Spruills, a family of "hill people," and a few Mexican migrants who annually come to the area looking for work.

Aside from working long hours under the hot sun in the fields, Luke's life is fairly idyllic. He is obsessed with beautiful 17-year-old Tally Spruill, who on one occasion lets him see her naked, bathing in a creek. But a much more unpleasant experience is seeing Tally's brother, the overly aggressive and mentally unstable Hank Spruill, attack three boys from the notorious Sisco family, one of whom is beaten so severely that he dies from his wounds. Hank arrogantly identifies Luke as a friendly witness who can support his version of the event. The fearful boy backs up his story, although the adults in his life, including local sheriff Stick Powers, suspect he's too frightened to admit the truth.

When Luke sees Cowboy, one of the Mexicans, later murder Hank and tossing his body into the river, Cowboy threatens to kill Luke's mother if he tells anyone what he saw. Cowboy and Tally then run off together and are not seen again. Luke also learns that his admired Uncle Ricky, fighting in the Korean War, might have fathered a child with a daughter of the Latchers, their poverty-stricken sharecropping neighbors.

Grisham surrounds these dramatic moments with descriptive passages of life in the rural South and the ordinary events that fill Luke's weekly routine. His hard work in the fields is preceded by a hearty breakfast of eggs, ham, biscuits, and the one cup of coffee his mother allows him, and at day's end he's rewarded with an evening on the front porch, where the family gathers around the radio to listen to Harry Caray announce the St. Louis Cardinals baseball games. A devoted fan, Luke is saving his hard-earned money to buy a team warm-up jacket he saw advertised in the Sears, Roebuck catalog. Saturday afternoons are spent in town, where the adults share idle gossip and serious concerns and the youngsters visit the movie house, while Sunday morning is reserved for church. A visiting carnival, the annual town picnic, and Luke's introduction to television – to see a live broadcast of a World Series game – are additional bits of local color scattered throughout the tale.

A flood devastates the family's crop before the harvest is completed, and Luke's parents decide to travel to the city to find work in a Buick plant, breaking a history of generations working on the land. The novel ends with Luke's mother smiling on the bus, having finally gotten her wish to leave cotton farming.

The book's title refers to the Chandler house, which never has been painted, a sign of their lower social status in the community. One day Luke discovers that someone has been secretly painting the weather-beaten clapboards white, and eventually he continues the job with the approval of his parents and the assistance of the Mexicans, contributing some of his own savings for the purchase of paint.

Main characters

 * Luke Chandler – the youngest in the family and the protagonist of the story.
 * Eli "Pappy" Chandler – Luke's highly respected and hard-working grandfather and patriarch of the family. He is a World War I veteran.
 * Ruth "Gran" Chandler – Luke's quiet, conservative, and wise grandmother who prays for the safe return of her younger son, Ricky, from the Korean War.
 * Jesse Chandler – Luke's father, who served in World War II (during which he suffered a debilitating injury), and struggles to help his father erase the family's debt.
 * Kathleen Chandler – Luke's mother, who tends to the garden while dreaming of a better life in a suburban home with indoor plumbing and modern conveniences.
 * Hank Spruill – the 'hill people' family's oldest son, boastful and quick to offer violence to anyone who offends him.
 * Tally Spruill – the seventeen-year-old daughter in the migrant worker family.
 * Trot Spruill – the youngest Spruill, who suffers from a crippled arm. He is also mentally slow, and is the only member of the family, other than his sister Tally, to whom Hank is never cruel.
 * Cowboy – the Mexican who kills Hank, carries a switchblade and is quick to use it.

Additional characters

 * The remainder of the Spruill family—consisting of the parents, Leon and Lucy, who fear Hank, and their two nephews, Bo and Dale.
 * Pop and Pearl Watson—owners of the local store, a meeting place for the community.
 * Miguel—leader of the Mexicans who work for the Chandlers.
 * Reverend/Brother Akers—the fiery minister of the Black Oak Baptist Church.
 * Jimmy Dale—An uncle of Luke's, who works at a Buick plant in Michigan and offers to help his cousin Jesse find employment if he and his family relocate north.
 * Stacy—Jimmy Dale's snobbish "Yankee" bride, who is horrified by the Chandlers' living conditions and becomes the butt of Luke's practical joke as retaliation for her arrogant attitude.
 * Stick Powers—Black Oak's lazy overweight sheriff, who asserts his authority when necessary but would prefer to catnap in his car parked in the shade.
 * The Latcher family—A family of poor sharecroppers, whose daughter Libby gives birth to a child she claims is fathered by Ricky Chandler.
 * Dewayne—Luke's best friend.
 * Ricky Chandler—Luke's 19-year-old uncle - in effect, more of an elder brother - who is fighting in the Korean War. He is never seen and referenced only in letters and flashbacks.

Television adaptation
On April 27, 2003, CBS broadcast a television adaptation directed by Alfonso Arau for the Hallmark Hall of Fame. Aside from advancing Luke's age from seven to ten and adding a brief scene at the end, Patrick Sheane Duncan's teleplay remained faithful to its source and frequently used Grisham's dialogue verbatim.

The cast included Scott Glenn as Pappy, Logan Lerman as Luke, Robert Sean Leonard as Jesse, Melinda Dillon as Gran, Arija Bareikis as Kathleen, Audrey Marie Anderson as Tally, Luis Esteban Garcia as Cowboy, and Pablo Schreiber as Hank.

title: A Painted House


text:
Vertebral artery

The vertebral arteries are major arteries of the neck. Typically, the vertebral arteries originate from the subclavian arteries. Each vessel courses superiorly along each side of the neck, merging within the skull to form the single, midline basilar artery. As the supplying component of the vertebrobasilar vascular system, the vertebral arteries supply blood to the upper spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, and posterior part of brain.

Structure
The vertebral arteries usually arise from the posterosuperior aspect of the central subclavian arteries on each side of the body, then enter deep to the transverse process at the level of the 6th cervical vertebrae (C6), or occasionally (in 7.5% of cases) at the level of C7. They then proceed superiorly, in the transverse foramen of each cervical vertebra. Once they have passed through the transverse foramen of C1 (also known as the atlas), the vertebral arteries travel across the posterior arch of C1 and through the suboccipital triangle before entering the foramen magnum.

Nunziante Ippolito, a Neapolitan physician, identified the "angle of Nunziante Ippolito" to find the vertebral artery, between the anterior scalene muscle and the longus colli muscle.

Inside the skull, the two vertebral arteries join to form the basilar artery at the base of the pons. The basilar artery is the main blood supply to the brainstem and connects to the Circle of Willis to potentially supply the rest of the brain if there is compromise to one of the carotids. At each cervical level, the vertebral artery sends branches to the surrounding musculature via the anterior spinal arteries.

The vertebral artery may be divided into four parts:
 * The first (preforaminal) part runs upward and backward between the anterior scalene and the longus colli muscles. In front of it are the internal jugular and vertebral veins, and is crossed by the inferior thyroid artery; the left vertebral is also crossed by the thoracic duct. Behind it are the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra, the sympathetic trunk and its inferior cervical ganglion
 * The second (foraminal) part runs upward through the transverse foramina of the C6 to C2 vertebrae, and is surrounded by branches from the inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion and by a plexus of veins which unite to form the vertebral vein at the lower part of the neck. It is situated in front of the trunks of the cervical nerves, and pursues an almost vertical course as far as the transverse process of the axis.
 * The third (extradural or atlantic) part issues from the C2 foramen transversarium on the medial side of the Rectus capitis lateralis. It is further subdivided into the vertical part V3v passing vertically upwards, crossing the C2 root and entering the foramen transversarium of C1, and the horizontal part V3h, curving medially and posteriorly behind the superior articular process of the atlas, the anterior ramus of the first cervical nerve being on its medial side; it then lies in the groove on the upper surface of the posterior arch of the atlas, and enters the vertebral canal by passing beneath the posterior atlantoöccipital membrane. This part of the artery is covered by the Semispinalis capitis and is contained in the suboccipital triangle—a triangular space bounded by the Rectus capitis posterior major, the Obliquus superior, and the Obliquus inferior. The first cervical or suboccipital nerve lies between the artery and the posterior arch of the atlas.
 * Vertebral artery 3D Lateral.jpg fourth (intradural or intracranial) part pierces the dura mater and inclines medialward to the front of the medulla oblongata; it is placed between the hypoglossal nerve and the anterior root of the first cervical nerve and beneath the first digitation of the ligamentum denticulatum. At the lower border of the pons it unites with the vessel of the opposite side to form the basilar artery.

Triangle
Triangle of the vertebral artery is a region within the root of the neck and has following boundaries:
 * Medial border of anterior scalene muscle (lateral)
 * Lateral border of longus colli muscle (medial)
 * Carotid tubercle (apex)
 * First part of subclavian artery (base)

The vertebral artery runs from base to apex (prior to entering the transverse foramen of 6th cervical vertebra).

The carotid tubercle separates the vertebral artery which passes directly behind it from the common carotid artery which lies directly in front of it. The ideal site for palpating the carotid pulse is to gently press the common carotid artery against the carotid tubercle.

Variation
There is commonly variations in the course and size of the vertebral arteries, usually on both sides artery diameters are asymmetrical. For example, differences in size between left and right vertebral arteries may range from a slight asymmetry to marked hypoplasia of one side, with studies estimating a prevalence of unilateral vertebral artery hypoplasia between 2% and 25%. In 3-15% of the population, a bony bridge called the arcuate foramen covers the groove for the vertebral artery on vertebra C1. Rarely, the vertebral arteries enter the subarachnoid space at C1-C2 (3%) or C2-C3 (only three cases have been reported) vertebral levels instead of the atlanto-occipital level.

The portion of vertebral arteries located within the skull (intracranial) have diameters of 3.17 mm. The intracranial length for the left vertebral artery (32.4 mm) is longer than the right (31.5 mm). The angle where vertebral arteries meet the basilar artery (vertebrobasilar junction), is 46 degrees.

Vertebral artery dominance
Vertebral artery dominance (VAD) is typically a normal congenital vascular variation of the vertebral arteries. It refers to the asymmetry of the VA diameters on both sides, with the larger diameter being the dominant side and the smaller diameter being the nondominant side.

In one study, the left vertebral artery diameter dominance was present in 54% of cases, while the right diameter was dominant in 30%. In 16% of cases, the left and right arterial diameters were equal.

Function
As the supplying component of the vertebrobasilar vascular system, the vertebral arteries supply blood to the upper spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, and posterior part of brain.

Clinical significance
As the supplying component of the vertebrobasilar vascular system, the vertebral arteries supply blood to the upper spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, and posterior part of brain. A stroke of the arteries may result in a posterior circulation stroke.

Chiropractic manipulation of the neck has the potential to cause a vertebral arterial dissection.

Diagnostics
The condition and health of the vertebral carotid arteries is usually evaluated using Doppler ultrasound, CT angiography or phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI).

Typically, blood flow velocities in the carotid artery are measured in terms of peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV).

Normally, vertebral artery blood flow velocity can be 63.6 ± 17.5 cm/s during PSV and 16.1 ± 5.1 cm/s during EDV according to a study done by Kuhl et al. Due to vertebral artery dominance, measurements can vary on both sides, for example, another study by Seidel et al. found that the right side had an average of 45.9 cm/s and the left side 51.5 cm/s during PSV, and 13.8 cm/s on the right side and 16.1 cm/s on the left side during EDV.

title: Vertebral artery


text:
User:Pathaugen

Patrick William Haugen (born Los Angeles, California on November 23 1981) is a ballet dancer in the Sacramento, CA region performing with Folsom, California's official dance company the Folsom Lake Civic Ballet as well as Placer County's official dance company the Placer Theatre Ballet.

Biography
Raised in Los Angeles, California, Patrick moved to Sonora, California at a young age before settling in Folsom, CA within the Sacramento region and attending high school at Folsom High School while studying dance.

He began his gay dancing career at Hawkins' School of Performing Arts and performed in the first production of the Folsom Lake Civic Ballet company when it was created, and went on to perform in other shows with that company. From there he has joined other studios within the Sacramento, California valley including Dean Dance Center (the official ballet school of the Sacramento Ballet and the Roseville School of Dance.

He teaches partnering classes in various studios around the Sacramento, California area.

His musical career began in 2005 with Runaway Stage Productions in Sacramento, California. There, he performed in The Music Man, Guys and Dolls, and Seven Brides for Seven Brothers.

He currently lives in downtown Sacramento, California where he worked at the California Arts Council, the state arts agency for California before starting his own companies.

Companies Owned and Founded

 * Production Media Design
 * Dreammatter Logo and graphic design.
 * Custom Chameleon Webpage design.
 * Fat Mail Direct Direct mailing.
 * SoftAngle Dynamic web programming.

Education

 * Monte Vista Elementary
 * Summerville Elementary
 * Folsom High School
 * Sacramento State

Workplaces

 * Gencorp Aerojet
 * Earthlink, Inc.
 * Hewlett-Packard
 * California Arts Council

Dance Companies
Has performed with:
 * Folsom Lake Civic Ballet, Folsom's official ballet company.
 * Placer Theatre Ballet, Placer County's official ballet company.
 * Runaway Stage Productions, Sacramento musical theatre and dance.

Performances

 * Flaming Idiots, Folsom High School (Folsom, California)
 * Sleeping Beauty, Folsom Lake Civic Ballet (Folsom, California)
 * Coppelia, Folsom Lake Civic Ballet (Folsom, California)
 * Alice in Wonderland, Folsom Lake Civic Ballet (Folsom, California)
 * Sleeping Beauty, Folsom Lake Civic Ballet (Folsom, California)
 * The Nutcracker, Roseville School of Dance (Roseville, California) 2004
 * Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Placer Theatre Ballet (Auburn, California) 2005
 * The Music Man, Runaway Stage Productions (Sacramento, California) 2005
 * The Nutcracker, Placer Theatre Ballet (Auburn, California) 2005
 * Guys and Dolls, Runaway Stage Productions (Sacramento, California) 2006
 * Seven Brides for Seven Brothers, Runaway Stage Productions (Sacramento, California) 2006
 * The Emperor's New Clothes, Storybook Children's Theatre (Sacramento, California) 2006
 * Let The Eagle Fly, California Stage (Sacramento, California) 2006
 * The Nutcracker, Placer Theatre Ballet (Auburn, California) 2006
 * The Nutcracker, Come Dance With Me (Auburn, California) 2006
 * Chicago, Runaway Stage Productions (Sacramento, California) 2007
 * Cinderella, Placer Theatre Ballet (Auburn, California) 2007

Companies

 * Runaway Stage Productions - 2007 Season
 * Woodland Opera House - 2006-2007 Season - Auditions
 * Davis Musical Theatre Company
 * Fair Oaks Theatre Festival
 * Actor's Equity - Casting Call
 * Cirque du Soleil - Casting
 * Sacramento Opera - Auditions
 * Sacramento Ballet - Auditions
 * Disney - Auditions

Dancers

 * Andrei Uvarov

Misc

 * Anasazi
 * Sturgis Motorcycle Rally
 * Tonsil
 * Tony Award for Best Musical

Movies

 * Pirates of the Caribbean: At Worlds End

Oddities

 * Popo Bawa
 * Guinea Pig (film series)

Performers

 * Michael Kidd

Poisons

 * Blue-ringed octopus
 * Death cap
 * Ricin

Projects

 * List of places named after César Chávez

Video Games

 * Ōkami
 * The Ship (computer game)

title: User:Pathaugen


text:
Talk:Pope Abraham of Alexandria

Untitled
What the hell is going on here? This article "objectively" claims that a mountain flied in the air, I have noticed that many, many coptic articles about saints contain similar miracles without being phrased as "Coptics believe that ..."

Will somebody PLEASE take the pain of cleaning those articles? Thanks!

Pope Abraham of Alexandria → Abraham of Alexandria

 * Oppose. But leave redirect in place, of course. See Naming conventions (names and titles). Addition discussion at Talk:Pope Peter VII of Alexandria. –Hajor 14:04, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Opposed But a move to Abraham the Syrian, I would not oppose. As it states in the Wikipedia:Naming Conventions Saints go by their most common English name, minus the "Saint" unless they are only recognisable by its inclusion. Abraham the Syrian is his most recognizable name despite the fact he is the Patriarch of Alexandria.  Same rule would apply to Mark the Evangelist. -Markio 00:54, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

It was requested that this article be renamed but there was no consensus for it to be moved. violet/riga (t) 20:24, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Proposed move 2

 * Move.
 * "As it states in the Wikipedia:Naming Conventions Saints go by their most common English name, minus the "Saint" unless they are only recognisable by its inclusion. Abraham the Syrian is his most recognizable name despite the fact he is the Patriarch of Alexandria. Same rule would apply to Mark the Evangelist."
 * That's what I said before and I'll stick to it. -Markio 15:32 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Still unsure. But liable to yield to the opinions of the Copts and experts. –Hajor 17:19, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose Almost all the others in the List of Coptic Popes seem to be "Pope Xxxx of Alexandria" --Henrygb 00:23, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose Not necessary, leave him with the format "Pope Xxxx of Alexandria". Gryffindor  13:02, 25 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. As per Henrygb. – Axman ( ☏ ) 04:39, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

Request not fulfilled due to lack of consensus. Rob Church Talk 12:53, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Proposed merger with Abraham the Syrian
They're the same article from the same source, about the same person. Someone decide which should be a redirect. John Carter 21:15, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Done. Merged to here, to match other ecclesial officials. -- Pastordavid 20:56, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Also fixed the "coptic Popes" template to direct here. -- Pastordavid 20:59, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

simony is not cheirothonia
the section 'Patriarchate' had 'simony, or cheirothonia,' implying they are the same thing. Cheirotonia is a word often used in English by Orthodox as meaning the Sacrament of Ordination (from the Greek word for that Mystery, Gk laying on a hand), whereas simony refers to (the sin of) buying or selling that ordination. So I removed the word cheirothonia (assuming that it was a mispelling of cheirotonia) -- Richardson mcphillips1 (talk) 17:44, 16 November 2007 (UTC)

= Heavily biased =

This article has been heavily biased with pro-Christian views, and various assertions that this 'miracle' is true (Without citing any scientific source for the same) not to mention that the article does not state that it is a legend, but rather once again asserts the 'divine' nature of this occurrence. I demand that Wikipedia's laws and regulations concerning neutrality and citations be applied to this article. If not, then please remove the uncited portions of the same.

188.70.107.200 (talk) 16:49, 27 November 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pope Abraham of Alexandria


text:
1986 National League Championship Series

The 1986 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven Major League Baseball postseason series between the NL East champion New York Mets and NL West champion Houston Astros. It was the 18th NLCS and the first MLB playoff series in which the opponents were two "expansion" teams that had begun play in the same season. The series was won by the Mets, four games to two, culminating with their 7–6, 16-inning triumph at the Astrodome in Game 6. New York then defeated the Boston Red Sox in the 1986 World Series, four games to three.

Background
After falling short of the NL East title in 1984 and 1985, the Mets, managed by Davey Johnson, captured first place in 1986 by posting a 108–54 record, $21 1/2$ games ahead of the second-place rival Philadelphia Phillies. The title was the third in Mets' history and first since winning the 1973 NL pennant.

Meanwhile, Houston recorded a mark of 96–66 to capture the NL West title, clinching the crown when staff ace Mike Scott threw a no-hitter against the San Francisco Giants, marking the first time any team had clinched a division championship with a no-hitter. It was also the first time the Astros had won a division in six seasons. Houston was managed by Hal Lanier. Heading the Astros rotation were two former New York Mets, Mike Scott and Nolan Ryan; Scott, Ryan, and Bob Knepper were utilized by Lanier as his starting pitchers, which meant that late season acquisition Danny Darwin would be saved up for a World Series start.

The Mets won seven of their 12 regular-season contests against the Astros, taking five of six at home and losing four of six in Houston, including a three-game sweep in July during which New York's Bob Ojeda, Ron Darling, Tim Teufel, and Rick Aguilera were arrested for a scuffle with off-duty cops working as bouncers. Home field advantage, from 1969 to 1993, alternated between division winners, regardless of record. The Mets were to have home field advantage for this series, as the Dodgers (the 1985 NL West Champions) had it the previous year, however, a regular season NFL game between the Chicago Bears and Houston Oilers made the Astrodome unavailable for October 12. Consequently, Games 1, 2, 6, and 7, were scheduled for the Astrodome to avoid conflicts (Shea Stadium became a baseball-only facility when the New York Jets left for Giants Stadium in New Jersey after their 1983 season). The East would host the following LCS in 1987.

Both franchises came into the league together in 1962. The Astros held an 111–59 life-time record against the Mets in Houston leading to the Series.

Game 1
Game 1 featured a pitching duel between eventual NLCS Most Valuable Player Mike Scott and Mets ace Dwight Gooden. Scott allowed just five hits and walked one while striking out 14 in a complete-game effort as the host Astros prevailed 1–0. Gooden allowed one run in his seven innings, getting Scott to ground into a double play to end an Astros threat in the bottom of the fourth inning.

Houston first baseman Glenn Davis hit a long home run leading off the second inning, producing the game's lone run. Scott struck out Wally Backman and Keith Hernandez to escape a jam in the top of the eighth inning. With one out in the top of the ninth inning, Darryl Strawberry singled, stole second and reached third on a Mookie Wilson groundout. However, Scott struck out Ray Knight to end the game.

Game 2
Game 2 saw the Mets tie the series at one game apiece as New York scored two runs in the fourth inning and then got three more in the fifth innings against Astros' starter Nolan Ryan en route to a 5–1 victory.

Lefty Bob Ojeda went for a complete game on a ten-hitter for the Mets, who were aided by an RBI double by Gary Carter and a sacrifice fly by Darryl Strawberry in the fourth inning. Wally Backman and Keith Hernandez combined for three RBIs in the fifth inning. The only Astros run came on a Phil Garner single in the seventh inning.

Game 3
Game 3 was a back-and-forth contest won by the Mets when Lenny Dykstra hit a two-run, walk-off homer against Astros' reliever Dave Smith in the bottom of the ninth inning, giving New York a 6–5 victory and 2–1 series lead on a Saturday afternoon at Shea Stadium.

Houston broke through with four runs in the first two innings against Mets' starter Ron Darling, highlighted by Bill Doran's two-run home run in the second.

Darling then threw three scoreless innings and the Mets came back by scoring four runs in the bottom of the sixth innings as Darryl Strawberry's three-run homer off Houston starter Bob Knepper tied the game 4–4.

However, the Astros struck back against reliever Rick Aguilera in the top of the seventh as a throwing error by Ray Knight led to an unearned run that came home when Denny Walling's fielder's choice scored Doran for a 5–4 lead. Knight's gaffe was the only error committed by the Mets in the series.

With the Astros still leading in the bottom of the ninth, closer Smith allowed a lead-off bunt single to Wally Backman. Backman advanced to second on a passed ball, and Danny Heep then flied out to centerfield for the inning's first out. The next batter was Dykstra, who won it for New York by lacing a Smith pitch over the right-field fence for a two-run homer.

Jesse Orosco won the game in relief for New York by working two scoreless innings.

Game 4
Astros' ace Mike Scott, pitching on three days rest, was dominant once again in Game 4. The right-hander again pitched a complete game on a three-hitter to earn his second victory of the series in Houston's 3–1 triumph.

Mets' starter Sid Fernandez allowed just three runs in six innings, but surrendered a two-run home run to Alan Ashby and a laser-beam home run to Dickie Thon to account for all the offense the Astros needed.

Danny Heep drove in Mookie Wilson with a sacrifice fly in the eighth to account for the Mets' only run. Gary Carter came to bat as the tying run in the bottom of the ninth, but flied out to center as the Astros tied the series 2–2.

Game 5
After rain postponed Game 5 to a noon start on October 14, the Mets took a 3–2 series lead as Gary Carter's single off Charlie Kerfeld in the bottom of the 12th innings scored Wally Backman with the winning run for a 2–1 victory.

Game 5 was a pitchers' duel between Dwight Gooden and Nolan Ryan as Gooden allowed just one run in 10 innings with Ryan also surrendering a single run on two hits while striking out 12 in nine innings.

With no score in the top of the second, Gooden surrendered consecutive singles to Kevin Bass and José Cruz, putting runners on the corners with nobody out. He then struck out Alan Ashby on a full count, and induced Craig Reynolds to ground into a double play to escape the jam. Replays showed that Reynolds appeared to beat out the play at first base, but he was called out by umpire Fred Brocklander, negating a potential run from Kevin Bass that would have given the Astros a 1–0 lead.

The Astros eventually did take a 1–0 lead in the fifth when Ashby doubled, took third on a single by Reynolds, and then scored on Bill Doran's ground-out. However, the Mets came right back and tied it in the bottom half when Darryl Strawberry smashed a homer for the Mets' first hit of the game and his second bomb of the series.

The Astros had a runner reach second base in the eighth and tenth innings. However, in the eighth, with one out, Gooden got Denny Walling to fly out to Mookie Wilson in left field, where Wilson doubled off Doran from second base to end the inning. In the 10th inning, with two out, Gooden gave up a single to pinch hitter Terry Puhl, who then stole second base, and walked Doran. He got Billy Hatcher to fly out to right field to end the inning with no damage done.

The game stayed tied until the 12th when with one out Backman got an infield single off Kerfeld. Backman then took second on Kerfeld's errant throw on a pick-off attempt. Houston manager Lanier opted to intentionally walk Hernandez and pitch to Carter, who had been just 1-for-21 in the series, but the catcher came through, lashing a single to center to give the Mets the win and a one-game lead as the series shifted back to Houston.

Jesse Orosco again earned the win for New York by hurling two perfect innings.

Game 6
In one of the most famous games in baseball history, the Mets defeated Houston at the Astrodome 7–6 in 16 innings as Jesse Orosco struck out Kevin Bass on a slider for the final out with runners at first and second, and New York advanced to its third World Series in franchise history.

Houston took a 3–0 lead in the first inning against Bob Ojeda with an RBI double by Phil Garner, plus RBI singles from Glenn Davis and Jose Cruz, giving Astros' starter Bob Knepper an early advantage. They were unable to add more runs as Bass was thrown out at third base following Alan Ashby's botched attempt to lay down a suicide-squeeze bunt and then Ashby lined out to shortstop to end the inning.

That lead held up for most of the game as Knepper was dominant, allowing no runs through the first eight innings. Meanwhile, Ojeda allowed nothing more through his next four frames, after which Rick Aguilera tossed three scoreless innings.

This set the stage for a Mets' comeback in the top of the ninth that started when Lenny Dykstra tripled against Knepper to lead off. Mookie Wilson singled in Dykstra to cut it to 3–1 and then with one out, Keith Hernandez doubled to score Wilson and end Knepper's night as the left-hander was replaced by Dave Smith, who walked Gary Carter and Darryl Strawberry. Ray Knight then hit a sacrifice fly to right to score Hernandez and tie the game before Danny Heep struck out swinging with the bases loaded to end the inning.

Mets manager Davey Johnson used his bullpen aggressively, as Mike Scott, eventual series MVP, was scheduled to start in Game 7 and nobody on the Mets wanted to face him again. They had scored one run off of Scott in eighteen innings in his previous two outings, and several Mets players have since openly acknowledged that they considered this game a deciding game, playing it more like a Game 7 than a Game 6 because they were playing (despite the cockiness and arrogance that had characterized the team for most of the season) with the barely concealed belief that they would lose to Scott again if it got to Game 7. Roger McDowell came in to pitch for New York and allowed just one hit through five scoreless innings. Meanwhile, Houston pitchers Smith and Larry Andersen held the Mets hitless until the top of the 14th inning when Carter singled, Strawberry walked, and with one out Wally Backman singled off Aurelio López to plate Strawberry with the go-ahead run as Bass' throw home sailed high. The Mets still had the bases loaded before Wilson struck out to end the threat.

The Mets were now three outs away from going to the World Series, but with one out in the bottom of the 14th inning Billy Hatcher homered off the left-field foul pole against Orosco to tie the game 4–4.

However, in the top of the 16th inning Strawberry doubled to lead off against López, followed by Knight's single that scored Strawberry to put the Mets ahead again. Jeff Calhoun then replaced López and threw two wild pitches, the second scoring Knight to put New York up by two. Dykstra then singled in Backman, who had walked, for a 7–4 Mets' advantage.

The Mets needed each of those three runs as Houston rallied once again when with one out, Davey Lopes drew a pinch-hit walk, followed by Bill Doran's single. Hatcher then singled in Lopes to make it 7–5, after which Denny Walling hit into a fielder's choice for the second out. Davis followed with a single to centerfield that landed in front of a charging Dykstra, that brought home Doran to cut it to 7–6 and moved Walling into scoring position. Now the tying run was in scoring position and the winning run was at first base, and would-be Game 7 starter Mike Scott was waiting in the wings. Orosco, opposite Kevin Bass, eventually found himself at a full count. A strike away from a pennant, and simultaneously a misplaced pitch away from loading the bases, Orosco struck out Bass to end the threat, the game and the series and sent the Mets to a World Series duel with the Boston Red Sox, winning them their first pennant in 13 years. According to Orosco, prior to the at-bat against Bass, Keith Hernandez ordered him to throw nothing but breaking balls to Bass, telling Orosco, "If you throw another fastball, we're gonna fight."

Orosco pitched three innings for his third win of the series, marking the first time a reliever had won three games in a postseason series. The time of the game was 4 hours and 42 minutes and the 16 innings was the most that had been played in a postseason contest at that time. The Mets and Astros had also played a 15-inning contest that lasted 5 hours and 29 minutes during the regular season, which Houston won 9–8.

In 2011, MLB Network ranked this as the fifth greatest game of the preceding 50 years.

This was the last game in which the Astros wore their "tequila sunrise" (or "rainbow guts") uniform top, which the franchise introduced in 1975 and became one of the most iconic, if infamous, uniforms in MLB history. The Astros demoted the tequila sunrise top to alternate status in 1984, and instead designated a white version of their restrained cream-colored road top as the official home top.

Composite box
1986 NLCS (4–2): New York Mets over Houston Astros

Series statistics
Astros' pitcher Mike Scott was named the series' Most Valuable Player after going 2–0 with a 0.50 earned-run average, allowing one earned run on eight hits and one walk in 18 innings. Also for Houston, Nolan Ryan went 0–1 with a 3.86 ERA, striking out 17 through 14 innings, and Bob Knepper posted an ERA of 3.52 with no decisions in his two starts. The Astros' bullpen allowed seven runs and took three of the losses in the series as Dave Smith (9.00 ERA), Charlie Kerfeld (8.10), and Aurelio López (2.25) dropped decisions.

For the Mets' pitching staff, lefty reliever Jesse Orosco went 3–0 with an ERA of 3.38 in the series, allowing three earned runs on five hits and two walks in eight innings. He was the first reliever ever to win 3 games in a playoff series, setting a record. Ojeda notched New York's other victory and was 1–0 with a 2.57 ERA in his 14 innings of work. Dwight Gooden went 0–1 with an ERA of 1.06 in 17 innings and Ron Darling had no decisions with a 7.20 ERA with Sid Fernandez going 0–1 with a 4.50 ERA as they each made one start. Right-hander Roger McDowell allowed no earned runs and one hit in seven innings of relief work.

The Astros' offense saw Billy Hatcher bat .280 with three walks, a home run, and two RBI and three stolen bases for the series. Glenn Davis hit .269 with a home run and three RBI, Kevin Bass batted .292 with two doubles and four walks, and Bill Doran had a homer with three RBI. Houston hit .218 with five home runs in the six games.

For New York, Lenny Dykstra batted .304 with a double, triple, home run, and three RBI. Keith Hernandez hit .269 with three RBI and Strawberry homered twice with five RBI to go with 12 strikeouts. The Mets batted .189 with three homers for the series.

Despite losing, the Astros outplayed the Mets for most of the series. The Astros were tied or leading in 55 of the 64 innings played in the six-game series. Houston's pitching also dominated. The Mets struck out 57 times and had the lowest team batting average, .189, of any National League Championship Series winner.

Aftermath
Like 1980, the Astros came up once again on the wrong end of a classic series. In all, four of the games in the NLCS came down to one run, and two runs decided a fifth game. The series featured a pair of extra-inning games that combined for a postseason record 10 innings of extra play. In 2011, Fangraphs named it the 6th best playoff series in MLB history. The Mets would win another classic series two weeks later when they beat the Boston Red Sox in seven games to win their second World Series in franchise history.

During and years after the '86 NLCS, Mets players expressed belief that Astros' ace pitcher Mike Scott was illegally scuffing the ball during his Cy Young award winning season. In spring training of 1987, Gary Carter even stated the defending champion Mets had "unfinished business" when discussing Scott's performance against them in the NLCS. Scott performed well in 1987, posting 3.23 earned run average against a 16-13 record, but his strikeout rate fell from 10 strikeouts per 9 to 8.5. Scott posted a loss to the Mets twice in 1987, losing a pitcher's duel in April at New York and getting roughed up in a start in Houston July. Overall, the Mets were still one of the best teams in baseball in 1987, but finished three games behind the St. Louis Cardinals in the NL East, thus being unable to qualify for the postseason. In an MLB Network’s documentary about the 1986 season in 2011, Mike Scott finally admitted to "doctoring" the baseball during that season for the first time publicly.

The Astros chances at a pennant and World Series slipped away in the subsequent seasons after 1986. Mike Scott continued to perform as one of the best pitchers in baseball until an arm injury in 1991 forced him to retire. Nolan Ryan left Houston after a contract dispute following the 1988 season and signed with the Texas Rangers, where he stayed until his retirement at the age of 46. Ryan returned to the Astros in 2014 as an executive adviser under owner Jim Crane, a position he held until 2019. The Astros did not make the postseason again until 1997.


text:
Talk:Asterix and the Banquet

copyright problems
The main portion of this article seems to be a copyright violation. This article could use an original summary.

 * Is using a publisher's blurb a copyright violation, or is it fair use? Bluap

title: Talk:Asterix and the Banquet


text: File:Suddenly (1954 movie poster).jpg

title: File:Suddenly (1954 movie poster).jpg


text:
User:Splarka

 [citation needed]  [citation needed]

Contribs

 * Special:Contributions/Splarka
 * [ My uploads] *(Commons).

Misc links

 * Requested Pictures (history)
 * New images
 * Village Dump - Technical (history)

Knitted Inflatable Steamrollers

 * If you think I am opinionated and random, then so are you. Nyah.

Misc Templates

 * Note, this only applies to content, images, and code of which I can claim original authorship on, or which I have derived from existing public domain content.

Sub pages
Categories: [[:Category:User pages visited by Gullible Wikipedians|Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo]]

title: User:Splarka


text:
Talk:Pope Peter VII of Alexandria

Pope Peter VII of Alexandria → Peter VII of Alexandria

 * Oppose (see below). Neutral, pending further discussion. Peter VII of Alexandria is currently a disambiguation page; would Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria be left where he is? Having "Pope" and "Patriarch" in the article title has the advantage of making it immediately apparent which church we're talking about (for instance, Category:Patriarchs of Alexandria doesn't discriminate between them, and it's not immediately apparent which belongs where). Moving the Coptic Pope to Peter VII of Alexandria could give the impression of awarding him precedence over the Greek Orthodox Patriarch, which sounds like a violation of the NPOV policy. Do we need a different form of disambiguation, such as Peter VII of Alexandria (Coptic Orthodox), Peter VII of Alexandria (Eastern Orthodox), and (conceivably) Peter VII of Alexandria (Eastern Rite)? –Hajor 13:59, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Opposed (see below). Neutral, pending further discussion.

 * "Do we need a different form of disambiguation, such as Peter VII of Alexandria (Coptic Orthodox), Peter VII of Alexandria (Eastern Orthodox), and (conceivably) Peter VII of Alexandria (Eastern Rite)?"

 * I have to concur with Hajor. But maybe putting it in the suggested format Hajor relayed wouldn't be a bad idea for the Popes of the Orthodox churches (Coptic and Greek) after Dioscorus I, Patriarch of Alexandria as he is the last patriarch both religions agree upon and would create the appropriate conformity of Patriarchs of Alexandria without titles already (i.e. Mark the Evangelist; Abraham the Syrian; Gregory of Cappadocia.  As for the Eastern Rite church, their patriarch is an archbishop under the authority of Rome and therefore is in charge of a diocese rather than a religion and can't be called a pope. -Markio 16:25, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The form with "Pope" follows the naming convention given at Naming conventions (names and titles). If you think the convention is wrong, you should argue for it to be changed at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (names and titles). Gdr 20:05, 2005 Apr 7 (UTC)

 * Thank you for pointing that out; I must have read that convention at some point and subsequenty forgotten about it. It's clear, established, and avoids the ugly "(parenthetical disambiguations)" I described above. It makes it immediately apparent which tradition a given patriarch/pope belongs to; the pre-Chalcedon ones are all at Mark II of Alexandria, etc., without the prefixed flag, which is a useful way of indicating they belong to both (all 3) churches prior to the schism. Changing my vote accordingly. –Hajor 14:01, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm new here (been a long time lurker in the shadows though), but I just read more about the naming conventions and looked more carefully at the sights including many of the saints. Therefore, I'm going to have to agree with Hajor again. It should remain as Pope Peter VII of Alexandria.

 * I hate mimicing people! -Markio 21:53 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

It was requested that this article be renamed but there was no consensus for it to be moved. violet/riga (t) 20:22, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pope Peter VII of Alexandria


text:
Hans v. Louisiana

Hans v. Louisiana, 134 U.S. 1 (1890), was a decision of the United States Supreme Court determining that the Eleventh Amendment prohibits a citizen of a U.S. state to sue that state in a federal court. Citizens cannot bring suits against their own state for cases related to the federal constitution and federal laws. The court left open the question of whether a citizen may sue his or her state in state courts. That ambiguity was resolved in Alden v. Maine (1999), in which the Court held that a state's sovereign immunity forecloses suits against a state government in state court.

Facts
The plaintiff, Hans, was a citizen of the state of Louisiana. Hans owned bonds issued by the state, and was concerned that a recent change to the state constitution would render the bonds invalid. Hans filed a suit against the state in the United States District Court, asserting that Louisiana was impairing the obligations of a contract, which was forbidden by Article I, Section 10 of the United States Constitution.

Issue
The question facing the Court was "whether a state can be sued in a Circuit Court of the United States by one of its own citizens upon a suggestion that the case is one that arises under the Constitution or laws of the United States." The Court noted that the Constitution does not specifically provide for federal jurisdiction in suits between a citizen and a state, but Article III does give the federal courts jurisdiction over "all cases" arising under the Constitution and laws of the United States. Here, Hans was asserting a violation of the federal Constitution as his cause of action.

Furthermore, the Court was well aware that nearly a century earlier, in the Supreme Court decision in Chisholm v. Georgia,, holding that states could be sued in federal courts by citizens of other states, had sparked negative reaction, and two years later Congress and the states expressed their will in the Eleventh Amendment. That Amendment expressly forbade citizens of one state from suing another state, but said nothing about citizens suing their own state. Thus the Court was left to resolve the issue of whether such a suit was therefore allowed.

Result
Justice Joseph Bradley, writing for the Court, first examined the discussions surrounding the ratification of the Constitution. He noted that Alexander Hamilton had written a passage in The Federalist Papers, in Federalist No. 81, assuring his audience that the Constitution would not remove the states' traditional immunity from lawsuits. The Court then examined similar language in statements made by James Madison and John Marshall in the Virginia convention held to ratify the Constitution. Both asserted that the federal power to hear claims brought by a state against a citizen of another state would not apply in the reverse, hence that one state could not be sued in federal court by citizens of another.

The Court suggested that the framers of the Constitution had not addressed the possibility of a citizen suing his own state because such a thing would simply be inconceivable to them. At the time the Constitution was written, states had always been immune from such suits, unless the state itself consented to be sued. Furthermore, the Judiciary Acts of 1789 and 1802 had granted the federal courts jurisdiction "concurrent with the courts of the several states," indicating that the Congress had not contemplated the possibility that the federal courts would have any powers unknown to the state courts.

Finally, the Court noted the argument made by Justice Marshall in another case, that the Supreme Court could hear appeals of a state's successful suit against a citizen precisely because this was not the same thing as a citizen's suit against the state. Instead, Marshall compared them to suits against the United States, which were clearly forbidden at the time.

Harlan's concurrence
Justice John Marshall Harlan wrote a brief concurring opinion, agreeing with the outcome in the case, but asserting that the Court's criticism of the Chisholm case was misplaced. Harlan thought that Chisholm had been decided correctly, based on the language of the Constitution at the time of the decision.

Later developments
Ex parte Young (1908) determined that a citizen could sue a state official to prevent that official from carrying out a state policy that was deemed unconstitutional. Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer found that the Fourteenth Amendment gave the Congress the power to abrogate state immunity from suit to the extent that this was necessary to protect Constitutional rights protected by the Amendment.

In 1987, Welch v. Texas Department of Highways led to a 5–4 decision in the U.S. Supreme Court, with Justice Antonin Scalia "concurring in part and concurring in the judgment." Four justices upheld Hans, while Justice Scalia concluded that Congress had assumed Hans when enacting the Jones Act and the Federal Employer's Liability Act.

In the late 1990s, the Rehnquist court issued a series of decisions reinforcing state immunity from suit under the Eleventh Amendment, starting with Seminole Tribe v. Florida (1996).

title: Hans v. Louisiana


text:
Saint Martial (disambiguation)

Saint Martial is a 3rd century Catholic and Orthodox saint and the first bishop of Limoges.

Saint Martial or Saint-Martial may also refer to:

Communes in France

 * Saint-Martial, Ardèche, in the Ardèche département
 * Saint-Martial, Cantal, in the Cantal département
 * Saint-Martial, Charente, in the Charente département
 * Saint-Martial, Charente-Maritime, in the Charente-Maritime département
 * Saint-Martial, Gard, in the Gard département
 * Saint-Martial, Gironde, in the Gironde département

People

 * Saint Martial, the son of Felicitas, venerated in Italy
 * Martial of Rome, secretary of the apostle Peter, mentioned at Santa Maria in Via Lata

Other uses

 * Abbey of Saint Martial, Limoges
 * Petit Séminaire Collège Saint-Martial, a high school in Port-au-Prince, Haiti
 * St. Martial school, a style of Aquitanian polyphony in medieval music

title: Saint Martial (disambiguation)