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User:BaronLarf/Arbitration with SummerFR

Summary
This is a summary of the conflict between SummerFR and myself over the Jeb Bush article. I believe that at all times I displayed civility in my actions while aiming for a comprehensive and neutral article on the Floridian governor. I worked hard to not bite the newbie, and went out of my way to explain every action that I was taking, with references to the Wikipedia policies to back myself up.

Basis of the original dispute:
 * the POV statements in the article
 * the posting of low-quality, copyrighted images into the article

In addition to those original concerns, I have additional concerns at this point about SummerFR's lack of common courtesy throughout the dispute, accusing me of harrassing her while writing vicious comments about me around Wikipedia. (, among other places)

Instead of trying to work together on the article, SummerFR seems to view any edits of Jeb Bush as interference and attempts to talk with her as harrassment. If any user has suggestions on how I could have better handled this situation, please let me know on this page's talk page.

Thank you.

Initial dispute on Jeb Bush
First edits on Jeb Bush, dialog on Talk:Jeb Bush, dialog on User talk:BaronLarf and User talk:SummerFR

I came upon the Jeb Bush article on April 23, 2005. I noticed some serious POV problems, as well as sections that needed to be formatted to conform to the WP:MoS. I editted the pages. While I have a basic knowledge of who Jeb Bush is, I am not familiar enough with his critics to even out the article. I therefore posted on the talk page that the article needed some NPOV'ing. At this point I also tried to gently point out that SummerFR had been doing hundreds of little edits on the page in the last few days, and suggested that she try using the preview button more so that the history wasn't clogged up, etc.

When I looked at the pictures on the page, I realized that many of them were of low quality and also seemed to have been taken straight from the webpage. I knew that this probably wasn't a good thing, so I mentioned it on the talk page.

At this point, SummerFR undid many of the revisions that I had just made on the page, so I manually went through the article and put back many of the wikifications. A quick glance at the history showed that SummerFr had editted the page 14 more times in the last hour, but I reverted only the last 5, which had undone my wikifications. In the comment, I directed her to reply on the article's talk page if he had any problems with the edits so we could discuss it. I also left a message on her talk page letting him know what I had done.

SummerFR replied to reference her talk page, saying basically that someone else had already worked on the format, the photo issue had been resolved, and that I should look at her talk page for more information. I replied by coping over a comment that had been made on her talk page by FreplySpang requesting information about the photographs, but that I could not see any resolution to the issue. I listed the photographs in question.

In 22 subsequent edits over the next five hours, SummerFR made many additions to the article, in addition to undoing many of my changes to the wikification of the first two sections. I then manually went through and re-wikified the first two sections of the article again, referring in my comment to see the talk page.  This was not a revert, as I did not undo any of the editions she had made to the article. I then commented on the talk page, providing links to different wikipedia style guides showing why I had done what I had done. I also tried to let her know that we were not trying to impede his progress, only trying to work towards a quality article.

An hour later, SummerFR undid many of my changes again. At this point, I stopped making any edits of the Jeb Bush page, since I could see it was descending into an edit war. (The only change that I ever made to the article again was a minor wikification of a word in a caption fifteen hours later. )

SummerFR then left me a message on my talk page accusing me of breaking the three reverts rule and instructing me to stop editing the page, saying that it was annoying her.  I replied to her that I had not broken the 3-revert rule, and gave her a link to a description of the rule.

I could tell that I was getting mad, so I took a break from anything having to do with the page for the day.

Attempts to get other users involved
I did not want to stifle SummerFR's enthusiasm, but I wanted to get some more people onto the article to have a look at it. Since she was a new user, I was trying to take pains not to alienate her, so I did not take the page to RfC yet. So, the next day, I left messages on the talk pages of several editors who had been involved in the article in the past, seeking their input.
 * Eloquence
 * Minesweeper
 * Sekicho
 * Jez
 * Joy Stovall
 * FreplySpang

Continued dialog
On the Jeb Bush talk page, SummerFR had requested  that FreplySpang and I detail exactly which parts of the article we had NPOV problems with.  I replied that my problem wasn't with any one section, but rather the tone in general. I listed a few phrases, though, as requested. I tried to be as courteous as possible, reiterating that I was not trying to pester him, only help form a quality article. I even apologized for waiting to reply till the next day.

SummerFR replied on the talk page accusing me of not paying attention to his arguments, saying that I must just not approve of Jeb Bush as a subject, and asking me what my problem with Republican articles was.[

I replied to SummerFR requesting that she calm down, and attempting to answer all of her concerns. I echoed what FreplySpang had written on his talk page, recommending that she write the article on her user space and post it when she was finished if she didn't want her editting interrupted.

Peer Review
At this point, I submitted the article for peer review ([]. In retrospect, this was a bad decision.  I knew that the point of the page was for pages that were trying to reach feature-article status (which I know Jeb Bush could), but I had thought that this would be a good place to get outside review.  Now I realize that the dispute had gotten too big for this page, plus the article is not far enough to go there.

SummerFR disagreed with the Peer Review listing, writing on the Peer Review page that I had been harassing her, among other things. At this point I wanted to remove the peer review listing, but I was afraid that if I did so, I would be accused of trying to silence her or something along those lines. (I later removed the peer review listing after being requested to by Bishonen.)

Listing on List of controversial issues
SummerFR listed the page on WP:LCI, including the statement "some people here at wikipedia do not want him to receive any credit for any of his achievements."  After I removed his statement and alphabetized it,[ SummerFR then wrote on that page "there are some people here who don't want anyone to know anything about any one of the many accomplishments of JEB BUSH, so they constantly harass me, and have already once edited out the reason I am posting this topic here."  The comments on his edit were "reason I posted JEB BUSH here now restored, after being vandalized and edited out."

I feel that this is a real breach of wikiquette, if not something worse, but I don't want to get into an edit war, so I will let someone else choose what to do about this listing.

Listing Jeb Bush on WP:RfC
I listed the article on WP:RfC, giving what I believe was a neutral statement on what the concerns were.

SummerFR then added to my listing the following: "NON-STOP HARASSMENT BY THE PERSON WHO POSTED THE PREVIOUS."

Although I believe this was a breach of wikiquette, if nothing else, I let it stand for someone else to remove to keep an edit war from forming. Eventually Bishonen did remove SummerFR's additions.

Attempt at dialog rebuffed
I again attempted to talk to SummerFR on his talk page, telling her that his comments on the other pages were not necessary, and we should keep our dispute to the talk pages. Se replied "Leave me alone."

SummerFR copied all of her posts from the Peer Review page onto the Jeb Bush talk page, writing on the comments "More harassment by BaronLarf".

I replied on the Jeb Bush talk page that I was unsure how I was harassing anyone, reiterating why I was concerned about the photos and that her email did not need to be posted again, and informing her that I had listed the page on RfC.

SummerFR replied on the Jeb Bush talk page "Leave me alone."

Arbitration requested
The next day, SummerFR attempted to open up an arbitration hearing on me..

She informed me on my talk page, stating "I am leaving this message to notify you, as required by the artbitration rules, that I have asked for arbitration in this matter concerniing your harasssment of me re the JEB BUSH article. Please do not write me back. Thank you."

I visited the RfC page and could tell that the request was improperly formatted, but I wasn't about to help someone in their attempt to open arbitration against me. I knew that I needed to show I had received notice, so I replied on my own talk page.

Attempt to refute allegations by SummerFR
I apologize for the length; SummerFR has leveled many accusations, and I'm trying to cover all of them, even though none of hers are accompanied by evidence.

 * It also appears to me that AFTER I notified Bartlarf of the Arbitration, he went to the JEB BUSH article discussion page and suddenly edited in new text, in a COVER UP, to make it look like he was discussing the article with me all along, when in fact he was not
 * I have never tried to cover up anything on the talk page; I encourage users to look at the history page. All of my posts are also clearly timestamped.

 * I know for a fact I am right about this point I made in my statement: BaronLarf, who is claiming a remarkable new interest in Jeb Bush, previously described himself as someone who finds it impossible to be neutral about George Bush, saying: "trying to make articles on Geroge W Bush neutral really makes me want to scream..."
 * Wikipedians do not need to show why they're interested in an article. I did indeed edit my user page after it seemed to confused SummerFR, but this was no attempt at a cover up.  What do I have to hide?  (Difference in user page: )

 * My explaination is that a respondent like Bartlarf who wants to "scream" at articles on Jeb Bush's brother -- and publicly proclaims his need to stay away from that article subject because it is impossible for the respondent to be neutral -- should then not have been on the Jeb Bush article, by his own admission. (etc., etc)
 * I wanted to scream at the GWB article because of the difficulty of editing a highly-contentious article with many people who have strong convictions while at the same time trying to ward off the vandals. Other people seem to have a handle on it, so I mostly bowed out.  I think that I have demonstrated a great deal of patience putting up with this entire matter on the Jeb Bush article;  saying that negotiation with me would be fruitless doesn't seem to make much sense.
 * I do have an interest in articles on politicians, but I have shown time and again to be interested in a neutral and fair presentation. For instance, on the Russ Feingold article which SummerFR talks about, I took a page which read like a press release  and helped to shape it into a more neutral article.  I stopped an edit war, talked things through on the page with others , and with others slowly edited the controversial portions away .  When a vandal put in unsupportable allegations that Feingold cheated on his wife, I reverted those.    Perhaps it confuses SummerFR that a person who calls himself a Republican is attempting to take a neutral view on Republicans and Democrats without trying to push their agenda.

 * But mostly I recall that silence is what Barlarf offered to me, after I posted the myflorida.com email in repsonse to his photo questions/demands. And, it was then a prolonged silence from Bartlarf on that photo/email topic, while he then made a long list of other demands of me, in what I now believe was part of his course harassment of me.
 * I continued to attempt to have dialog with SummerFR until she told me "Leave me alone." (see above) After she removed posts from my talk page, I reverted her changesasked her to stop on her talk page. My comment was quickly removed by her, and she again removed posts from my talk page. (See below) I have never been guilty of silence; in fact, when I did try to talk to SummerFR, I was accused of harassment.

 * And, likewise, no response to me from BartLauf about the myflorida.com email.
 * If you read the discussion page of the article you will see the user first demanded proof I had permission to use photos, and I did get proof from Gov Bush;s office via email on the weekend, this past Saturday, that they were looking into it. The user then ignored that email I posted for three days and created other complaints in the meantime to harass me. Efforts to discuss were tried and failed.
 * I responded several times to SummerFR about her email. Here is one of the times .  Right after that communication, SummerFR told me "Leave me alone."  How is that an "effort to discuss?"

 * The dispute centers on the following: on-going harassment by BaronLarf, acting now under the guise of "desiring to be helpful" when in fact that is not the situation.
 * I just want this committee to review my talk page and the discussion page for the article, and issue a decision against the user to leave me alone. I welcome contributors to anything as I understand that is the nature of the process, but I do not welcome harassment and that is the basis for this complaint.
 * I'm not sure what is meant by "harassment," but I have confidence I am not guilty of it. If any particular instance is cited, I will refute it.  Until then, I don't know what to respond to.  Wikipedia is based on working with others.  If SummerFR cannot bear to see her additions touched by others, then Wikipedia might not be the right place to add them.

 * I am feeling so harassed that I just want that user to leave me alone at this point. When this matter began, the user had posted on his talk page that he can't be neutral about George W Bush and so stays away from that page.
 * A complete misreading of my user page. I am quite capable of remaining neutral on topics.  See above for links on this.

 * Consequently, i was surprised the user was so interested in the article I was working on, about Jeb Bush. Now, at present, the user is claiming to be a "Republican" concerned about articles about Republicans. I am a registered independent and don't care what political party he claims to be with.
 * I don't see anything wrong here. What's the complaint?

 * PS The other party's attachment -- "For further information..." -- should be stricken from the record at this time, as including it here, now, gives the other party a statement of more than 2,000 (two thousand) words when the instructions and procedures limited each of us to only 500 (five hundred) words. If this matter is ACCEPTED and LATER heard, he should submit it THEN. Otherwise, in my view and my opinion, I am obviously being railroaded here.
 * I included this link to my user space for those interested in hearing more of my side of the story. It is my understanding that user space is allowed for this usage.  If arbitors wish me to remove the link, I will.  Until then, it stays.

 * PSS Due to my objection in my PS above, I am asking that GRUNT, AMBI and EPOPT all be removed from this proceeding, since they have already rejected my request for a hearing when the other party's statement was not posted (GRUNT and AMBI), and then, after posted (EPOPT), procedures were violated by the other party. I am asking for three other, new arbitrators to be named to take their place, and for the new abitrators to review his statement -- WITHOUT his attachment, pursuant to the 500 word statement limit by EACH party."
 * It seems to me rather against SummerFR's interests to attack the very arbitors she's taking her case to. That the votes to reject were made before my defense was made seems immaterial; if the arbitors decided in my favor even before I open my mouth, how is that saying that it was done unfairly?  It seems more to show that SummerFR failed to prove her case.

 * Reason #1 -- BartLarf does not listen to me. Evidence: My "Notice of Arbitration" specifically asked him NOT to write me back. What did he then do? He wrote me back. And he did so at a time when I was feeling extremely harassed, and so harassed that I filed this request for an arbitration.
 * I'm not sure that there is a Wiki-policy to not write someone back when they ask you not to; that seems rather un-cooperative.  Despite this, I did respond to her on her talk page again until a day later, when I requested that she stop removing messages from my talk page (a response that she quickly removed.)   I did indeed reply on my own talk page, but why am I not allowed to talk on my own talk page?  Her request for arbitration had been incorrectly formatted, and my response on my own talk page was the only way that I knew to show that I had acknowledged its being requested.

 * Reason #2 -- BartLarf does not listen to me. Evidence; When I showed him the myflorida.com email about the photos, in an effort to continue a dialogue with him about that matter, he never acknowledged the email, despite my repeated requests for him to do so. When I then showed it to him a 2nd time, he yelled at me, with a barrage of questions, asking why was I showing it to him a 2nd time? Well, the answer is this: He never acknowledged it the first time.
 * Covered above. I did see the email, it did not cover all the concerns that FreplySpang and I had, and the response to which I believe she is referring could hardly be characterized as a barrage of questions and yelling.

 * Reason #3 --= BartLarf does not listen to me. Evidence; I told him a "peer review' was the wrong place to be when he filed a peer review. He responded to me on my talk page that he, BartlArf, knows the purpose of a peer review. What happened next? His request for a peer review was denied by peer review because: it was the wrong place to be in this matter. Did he say to me that he was wrong, and I was right? And, sorry? No. Instead he went and "complained" to people all over the site that I had "attacked him" on peer review. And just now, tonight, an admin from there is telling me the same thing. Apparently, the dialogue here only goes one way with some people: harassment of me, and nothing I say matters.
 * I have already acknowledged that the placement of the article on peer-review was incorrect. This is a moot point.  Her comments on peer review were self-acknowledged shouting   I have admitted I was wrong;  in what way have I specifically wronged SummerFR that I needed to apologize to her?

 * Reason #4: BartLarf does not listen to me. Evidence: I posted on the article discussion page an entire new topic called LIST YOUR OBJECTIONS. He did post his objections - without explanation. I responded. I asked him: What are your suggestions to improve what you don't like? He did not have any suggestions. He then went all over this site, trying to find people who know more about Jeb Bush than I do. I assure you, I know more than they do about that topic. Consequently, a dialogue can not continue when he has nothing to add to an article but harassment of a writer of contributions to an article. I am open to suggestions. But he doesn't have any.
 * My entire purpose for writing on the talk page rather than being bold was that I saw a NPOV problem, yet did not know how to fix it. I called for other people to assist me.  When SummerFR asked for my questions on what specifically was NPOV, I gave a few examples while stating it was the overall tone I had a problem with. I did indeed go around the site looking for other people to contribute; that's how wikipedia should work, in my opinion.  SummerFR's statement "I assure you, I know more than they do about that topic," is demonstrative of the arrogance that causes her to construe my contributions as bothersome and my communication as harassment. At every turn I have responded to SummerFR while trying to get others to contribute as well, a sure sign that I am open to dialog.

 * Reason #5 - BartLarf does not listen to me. Evidence: I spent no less than five hours one night manually editinig the article to revert BACK te changes he had made, none of which he made with discussion. What did he do as soon as I almost logged off? He reverted everything back, again without discussion. He posts on the edit page of the article how many edits I have made. He does this repeatedly. He does not listen to me. Joyous, an admin, told me to be "BOLD" on an article. But the Thought Police named BartLarf who knows NOTHING about the subject of the article, and has NO suggestions, only uses his a deletion button for whatever I may do on the article.
 * Every change that I made to the Jeb Bush page, from the beginning, was combined with discussion. (See the timeline) There is nothing wrong with being bold, and the reason I have treated SummerFR with kid gloves this entire time was to not stifle her newbie enthusiasm, which I had a few months ago.  But I explained every change I made, together with links to the style guide for the reasons.  As I explained above, I took care not to just revert her edits but rather go through and replace the WP:MoS-supported style changes that I had previously made.  After her second revert, I desisted to prevent an edit war.  My suggestions throughout this process have been construed as harassement.

Actions taken by SummerFR subsequent to filing for arbitration
Some of these actions just are against Wikiquette, while others are more serious. Here they are, in no particular order.

 * Declaring administrators inept,
 * Repeatedly removing other users' messages from my talk page ,
 * Immediately removing messages left on her talkpage for her
 * Rude messages (To Mel Etitis ... others as well)

Statements by others
Responding to a request from me for the names of people I could ask for help on this issue
 * "Some users that I have a good deal of respect for include Dbenbenn, Mel Etitis, SWAdair, Rossami, and Korath. You might ask any of these for their opinions of what's happening. I would say that if it gets as far as RfC, you won't be the only one with an issue about the edits, or about the manner of Summer's communications. Joyous 11:37, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)"

Responding to SummerFR on the Jeb Bush talk page
 * "SummerFR: First, calm down; the use of capitals is seen as shouting, and it doesn't do you any good. Secondly, I made no substantial changes to the article. Thirdly, in any case, there is no reason for anyone not to edit the article; there is no arbitration in play — only peer review and RfC. Fourthly, the fact that you're describing my minor edits and my single comment as harassment sheds some light on your claims about BaronLarf. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 18:07, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)"

On my talk page On the Jeb Bush talk page
 * "Thanks for carrying the flag of NPOV and civility for now, BaronLarf. Like you, I hope that SummerFR comes to understand the workings of Wikipedia better. Her reluctance to go over Wikipedia policies before yelling "harassment" is certainly a concern. I just don't have time to be in the thick of it right now, I'm sorry. But I think you have been trying very hard to be a good Wikicitizen and I'll support you in formal proceedings if necessary. (By the way, SummerFR is a "she.") . . . [User:FreplySpang|FreplySpang]] (talk) 21:25, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)"
 * "SummerFR,. ..
 * "Before you fling around accusations of a "cover up," I think you should note two extremely important tools on Wikipedia: the page history, and user contributions. The history for this page can be viewed here, which you get to by clicking "History" at the top. BaronLarf's contributions can be seen here, the easiest way to get to them is to click "My contributions" and swap your name in the address bar with his.
 * "Now, you posted your "Notice of Arbitration" at 11:05 on April 25th. BaronLarf made absolutely no edits here between your "Notice" and this accusation; his single edit since 04:18 April 25th has been, quite fairly, asking what on Earth you are talking about with these accusations. It is therefore bizzare (and insulting) to accuse BaronLarf of something which he quite clearly never did. It's also bizzare to think that using a talk page could be regarded as "covering up."
 * "Notice, by the way, that BaronLarf, knowing about tools such as page histories, probably knows that you really can't "cover anything up" on Wikipedia: everything you ever did is buried somewhere in the archives.
 * "Also, as a recommendation, try making a habit of checking the talk page's history every time you come back. There are comments in sections above directed at you which you have never replied to. For example, I left you a comment in the List Your "Objectionable Words and Phrases" From Jeb Article Here section.
 * "And as a final recommendation, do try to calm down, as at least three people here have asked. People aren't going to take the time to listen to your arguments if you're acting hysterical (filing Requests for Arbitration, deleting people's comment's about you on their private talk pages, asking admins how to get users listed for vandalism, typing in all caps, etc etc).
 * — Asbestos | Talk  09:43, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)"


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Category:Tourist attractions in Somerset

A list of tourist attractions and places of interest in the English county of Somerset:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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User talk:Doc029

Welcome
Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the Wikipedia Boot Camp, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type   on your user page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Anilocra 13:54, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
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 * How to write a great article
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AfD nomination of Windward Pass
I have nominated Windward Pass, an article you created, for deletion. I do not feel that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Windward Pass. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice? Olaf Davis | Talk 16:48, 12 July 2008 (UTC)

Notability of Windward Pass
A tag has been placed on Windward Pass requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article appears to be about a real person, organization (band, club, company, etc.), or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not indicate the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable. If this is the first page that you have created, then you should read the guide to writing your first article.

If you think that you can assert the notability of the subject, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the article (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the article's talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm the subject's notability under Wikipedia guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Blanchardb- Me • MyEars • MyMouth -timed 23:05, 12 July 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Doc029


text:
Talk:Democratic Unionist Party

Controversies
Why is there no mention of Scandals in the Controversies section, such as Cash for Ash? 2A02:C7E:2D5F:9500:2C76:8632:707A:3737 (talk) 16:29, 3 January 2023 (UTC)

Social conservatism
I it needed in the infobox, as it already has national conservatism in it. I'd call for British nationalism to be removed, but as it's an article, instead of nationalism in general, I won't for its removal. ValenciaThunderbolt (talk) 16:39, 3 February 2024 (UTC)

2024 DUP leadership election
There was a Wikipedia page for the 2024 DUP leadership election but it seems like it has been deleted. Does anyone here know why? Tagging as I see you moved the page "2024 Democratic Unionist Party leadership election" to redirect to this page. Helper201 (talk) 18:15, 13 May 2024 (UTC)
 * - Wish I could help but I do not know why it was originally deleted. Moondragon21 (talk) 20:03, 13 May 2024 (UTC)
 * , no worries. Thanks for the reply. Helper201 (talk) 19:08, 13 May 2024 (UTC)

Associations with loyalist paramilitaries
For discussion of an edit to the paragraph "Associations with loyalist paramilitaries". The edit was made in April 2024 by the editor Athousandcuts2005.

The content of the edit is as follows: "Former DUP member Jim Allister represented loyalist Clifford McKeown in court in 2003.[195] McKeown, who was already serving 12 years for gun possession, was ultimately found guilty of the murder of Catholic taxi driver Michael McGoldrick in 1996, said to have been done as a "birthday present" for Billy Wright.[195] Allister said that McKeown would be appealing against the conviction.[195] Allister rejoined the DUP in 2004, and served as an MEP for the party from 2004 to 2007, before leaving to form the Traditional Unionist Voice, a party opposed to the St Andrews Agreement of 2006. "

Here is the newspaper source cited in the edit.

If Athousandcuts2005 (or anyone else) has any opinion on the following then I'd be happy to discuss.

I have several reservations regarding the inclusion of this edit in the article.

The newspaper source cited does not mention the Democratic Unionist Party at all. The source is, in fact, a tabloid newspaper article about a legal trial regarding a murder in which a Loyalist terrorist called Clifford McKeown was the defendant. The trial took place in 2003, the murder in 1996.

However, the edit contrives to associate the DUP with this legal case by mention of the Northern Irish unionist politician Jim Allister who, in his professional life, was a barrister at law and acted as defence lawyer for Clifford Mckeown at this trial in 2003. At the time of the trial, Mr Allister was not a member of the DUP. In fact, I believe that in 2003 he wasn't a member of any political party. The edit describes him as a "former DUP member" and then tells us that he rejoined the DUP in 2004, before proceeding to give some further information on Mr Allister's political career. Note that the source mentions only that Jim Allister was Clifford McKeown's legal representative but does not mention the Democratic Unionist Party nor Mr Allister's prior or later membership of it.

Wikipedia has some core guidelines; one of which is that editors should "cite sources focused on the topic at hand, where possible".

The "topic at hand" here is the Democratic Unionist Party but the cited source does not mention the Democratic Unionist Party.

Another core guideline is that editors should not engage in Coatracking. "A coatrack article is a Wikipedia article that gets away from its nominal subject, and instead gives more attention to one or more connected but tangential subjects."

In this case, I would say that the "nominal subject" of the article is the Democratic Unionist Party but the edit concerns "tangential subjects" Clifford Mckeown and Jim Allister (in fact, editor Athousandcuts2005 added a similar edit to the Wikipedia article on Jim Allister).

Another core guideline is that edits should contain No Original Research "To demonstrate that you are not adding original research, you must be able to cite reliable, published sources that are directly related to the topic of the article and directly support the material being presented."

The source does indeed "support the material presented" in the edit but it isn't "directly related to the topic of the article".

In conclusion, if a source can be provided which explicitly links the Democratic Unionist Party to the trial of Clifford McKeown then there may be a case for including that trial in the "Associations with loyalist paramilitaries" paragraph of this Wikipedia article. If no such source can be provided then there is no reason to include mention of either Clifford McKeown or Jim Allister in that paragraph. BrownBowler (talk) 14:12, 19 May 2024 (UTC)

 * Replying to my own post: in the absence of any discussion, I've removed the edit in its entirety for the reasons stated above. BrownBowler (talk) 08:19, 29 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Democratic Unionist Party


text: User talk:193.1.209.251

title: User talk:193.1.209.251


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User:Damsleth

Links

 * My contributions
 * My talk page

Articles I've started or contributed significantly to

 * Susan Price
 * POP3 Connector
 * New Acoustic Dimension
 * Lorcon

title: User:Damsleth


text:
Interactive video

The term interactive video usually refers to a technique used to blend interaction and linear film or video.

History
In 1962, Steve Russell, a student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), created Spacewar!, the world's first interactive computer game. In 1967, the first interactive film, The Cinema Machine, was released. While watching this film, the audience in the cinema theatre would choose one of two scenes during the plot fork. Switching between scenes was done manually by the projectionist. In 1972, Philips introduced the first laser disc (LD). Laser disc technology allowed for playback of any video chapter, making interactive video possible. In 1983, Sega released Astron Belt, the first interactive arcade game on LD. Also released in 1983 was Cinematronics's LD animated Dragon's Lair.

During the 1990s, several interactive Video CD formats were available such as CD-i (Compact Disc-Interactive) and Digital Video Interactive (DVI). Since 2000, the LD format has been superseded by the DVD format. In 2008, YouTube added an interactive annotation feature to videos. This feature was disabled in 2019. Netflix started releasing interactive animations in 2016. TikTok announces support for interactive effects in 2021.

Interactive video
Interactive video (also known as "IV") is a form of digital video that supports user interaction. Interactive videos provide the viewer the ability to click, on a desktop, or touch on mobile devices within the video for an action to occur. These clickable areas, or "hotspots," can perform an action when clicked or touched. For example, the video may display additional information, jump to a different part of the video or another video, or may change the storyline.

"Hotspots" In Video
One popular use of interactive video technology is to add clickable points or 'hotspots' to the video. These hotspots allow the viewer to learn more about a particular object, product, or person in the video. A hotspot can trigger content to appear within the video such as text, images, videos or additional web content can be set within an iframe.

"Customizable" online interactive videos
Customizable videos allow the user to adjust some variables and then play a video customised to the user's particular preferences. However the user does not actually interact with the video while it is playing. Recent examples of this form of video include:
 * Miss Helga—customizable video ad for Volkswagen Golf created by Crispin Porter + Bogusky and The Barbarian Group.
 * Ave a Word—customizable video ad for Mini created by Glue London - Silver Cannes Lion 2006.
 * Electric Feel—customizable music video for the so-titled song by the band MGMT.

"Conversational" online interactive videos
Conversational videos allow the user to interact with a video in a turn-based manner, almost as though the user was having a simple conversation with the characters in the video. Recent examples include:
 * Subservient Chicken - a "conversational" interactive video ad for Burger King created by Crispin Porter + Bogusky and The Barbarian Group Cannes Grand Prix 2005.
 * A Conversation with Sir Ian - Interactive video interview with Sir Ian McKellen on Shakespeare. Created for the National Theatre by Martin Percy. BAFTA nominee 2007.
 * A conversation with Shimon Peres the Israeli President, created by interactive media and tech company Eko.
 * An interactive interview with John Hamm before he hosted the 2013 ESPY Awards, also created by Eko.

"Exploratory" online interactive videos
Exploratory videos allow the user to move through a space or look at an object such as an artwork from multiple angles, almost as though the user was looking at the object in real life. The object or space is depicted using video loops, not still, creating a more "live" feel. Recent examples include:
 * The BT Series - Interactive video exploration of the works of Tracey Emin, Anthony Gormley and Rachel Whiteread. Created for the Tate Gallery by Martin Percy. Webby Nominee 2006 and Honoree 2007.
 * Tate Tracks - Interactive video exploration of various works, allowing the user to listen to music while looking at art. Created for the Tate Gallery by Martin Percy. Part of integrated campaign winning Cannes Gold Lion 2007.

Interactive video in early computer games
The term interactive video or interactive movie sometimes refers to a nowadays uncommon technique used to create computer games or interactive narratives. Instead of 3D computer graphics an interactive image flow is created using premade video clips, often produced by overlaying computer-generated material with 12-inch videodisc images (where the setup is known as "level III" interactive video, to distinguish it from "level I" or videodisc-only, and "level II" requiring specially made videodisc players that support handheld-remote-based interactivity without using an external computer setup). The clips can be animation like in the video game Dragon's Lair or live action video like in the video game Night Trap. Compared to other computer graphics techniques interactive video tends to emphasize the looks and movement of interactive characters instead of interactivity.

Interactive video in YouTube
In 2008 YouTube added Video Annotations as an interactive layer of clickable speech-bubble, text-boxes and spotlights. Users may add interactive annotations to their videos and by that a new trend of interactive videos arose, including choose-your-own-adventure video series, online video games using YouTube videos, spot-the-difference-game videos, animal-dubbing and more. In 2009 YouTube added a community aspect to its Video Annotations feature by allowing video owners to invite their friends and community to add annotations to their movies.

Around 2010 YouTube released the interactive takeovers, certain channels had the opportunity to integrate an iFrame experience enabling them to include interactive videos. Some of the most successful takeovers were done by brands such as Samsung, Tipp-Ex or Chrome.

YouTube discontinued the use of annotations on January 15, 2019.

Interactive video in advertising
In 2014, video marketing platform Innovid was awarded a U.S. patent for interactive video technology.

In 2017, the interactive video agency Adways created a specific format called InContent that enables to add interactive ads on a live stream for Roland-Garros.

Interactive video art
Contemporary interactive video artists like Miroslaw Rogala, Greyworld, Raymond Salvatore Harmon, Lee Wells, Camille Utterback, Scott Snibbe, and Alex Horn have extended the form of interactive video through the dialog of gesture and the participatory involvement of both active and passive viewers. Perpetual art machine is a video art portal and interactive video installation that integrates over 1000 international video artists into a single interactive large scale video experience.

Interactive video in VJing
Technically VJing is also about creating a stream of video interactively. this involves the user/operator to mix video clips, runtime plugins, and FX to the music's mood, bpm, and vibe.

Interactive video in research
The human-computer interaction (HCI) research community as well as the multimedia research community have published several works on video interaction tools. A survey is provided in

title: Interactive video


text:
USS Goff

USS Goff (DD-247) was a United States Navy Clemson-class destroyer in commission from 1921 to 1931 and from 1932 to 1945. She saw service during the Second Nicaraguan Campaign and World War II. She was named for Secretary of the Navy Nathan Goff, Jr.

Construction and commissioning
Goff was built by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation. Laid down on 16 June 1919, she was launched on 2 June 1920, sponsored by Mrs. Nathan Goff, widow of the former Secretary of the Navy. Goff was commissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on League Island in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on 19 January 1921.

1921–1931
For the first two years of her service, Goff operated along the United States East Coast, conducting battle practice and exercises in the yearly Caribbean fleet maneuvers as well as off the U.S. East Coast. In September 1922, she was detached from this duty and assigned to the United States Atlantic Fleet, European Waters. Departing Norfolk, Virginia, on 14 October 1922, she cruised primarily in the Eastern Mediterranean, putting in at ports in Turkey, Bulgaria, Russia, Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Greece, and Romania. It was a period of great unrest in the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean: Greece and Turkey were at war, various powers were scrambling to consolidate after World War I and gain control over the now-defunct Ottoman Empire, and Russia, although still wracked by the Russian Civil War and its aftermath, was seeking further territory and an outlet to the Mediterranean Sea. The presence of U.S. Navy warships amidst this tension assisted various relief agencies working to mitigate the damage from past and present wars as well as protect American lives, interests, and property. U.S. Navy vessels frequently evacuated and cared for refugees from the Greco-Turkish War, and Goff participated in this humanitarian service, particularly at Marsina, where from 18 to 20 July 1923 she supervised the evacuation of hundreds of Turkish refugees.

Returning to the United States on 11 August 1923, Goff engaged in battle problems and tactical exercises off the U.S. East Coast and then on 3 January 1924 joined the Scouting Fleet for winter battle practice with the combined fleets in the Caribbean. Goff returned to Norfolk, Virginia, for further exercises and on 5 January 1925 departed for Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, arriving there on 24 April 1925 for fleet battle exercises. She arrived at New York City 17 July 1925. This established pattern of coastwise exercises and fleet maneuvers was broken in the fall of 1926, as Goff and the light cruiser USS Milwaukee (CL-5) engaged in rescue work on the Isle of Pines off Cuba, which had been devastated by the 1926 Havana–Bermuda hurricane of 19–20 October 1926. Flying in stores via Milwaukee's floatplanes and sending their own doctors and medical supplies ashore, the two American ships gave aid to the stricken island and its predominantly American population.

After overhaul, Goff returned to the Caribbean in January 1927 with the Special Service Squadron. Civil war was underway in Nicaragua, and ships of the American fleet cruised along the Nicaraguan coast to protect American lives and property and to evacuate American citizens if necessary. From Nicaragua, Goff returned to her regular routine along the U.S. East Coast, tactical exercises spiced by winter maneuvers in the Caribbean, a pattern to which she held for several years.

Goff′s routine was interrupted by occasional special tasks, the most notable of which came in June 1927, when Goff was part of the flotilla which steamed out from the U.S. East Coast to greet and escort the light cruiser USS Memphis (CL-13) and her special passenger, Charles Lindbergh, as he returned from his transatlantic flight — history;s first such solo flight — to a hero's welcome in New York City. In June 1930, Goff carried the president-elect of Colombia, Enrique Olaya Herrera, from Newport, Rhode Island, to West Point, New York. She decommissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 13 January 1931.

1932–1941
Recommissioning 2 March 1932 Goff spent the following year cruising along the U.S. East Coast training United States Naval Reserve crews. Goff returned to the Caribbean on 5 October 1933 to protect Americans in Cuba, where a revolution had broken out. Departing Cuba on 2 April 1934, Goff resumed maneuvers along the U.S. East Coast until 9 November 1935, when she joined the United States Pacific Fleet at San Diego, California. She remained in the Pacific, operating along the United States West Coast and taking part in exercises in Hawaii until 4 January 1939, when she departed San Diego for New York City. Arriving there on 20 April 1939, Goff again cruised the U.S. East Coast training Naval Reserve personnel until 8 September 1939, when she entered New England waters to serve on the Neutrality Patrol.

After overhaul and refitting for European duty at New York, Goff joined Destroyer Division 55 at Ponta Delgada in the Azores on 29 June 1940 to take her place as flagship of the division. Cruising to Portugal, Goff and her division operated from Lisbon, engaging in various exercises before returning to Norfolk on 21 September 1940.

Joining Destroyer Division 67 as its flagship, Goff escorted the submarine USS Seawolf (SS-197) from New London, Connecticut, to Balboa in the Panama Canal Zone, arriving there on 31 October 1940 to take up Caribbean patrol and guard duty for the Panama Canal.

World War II
The United States entered World War II on 7 December 1941 with the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Goff remained in the Caribbean to do double duty as both a convoy escort and patrol vessel. The area was heavily trafficked by German U-boats, and the undermanned Allied convoys (each of which consisted of as many as 25 merchant ships with only four escorts) frequently provided easy targets. Night attacks by German submarines cost convoys which Goff was escorting a total of eight merchant ships sunk and several others seriously damaged. Goff was worked hard: she was out on patrol and convoy duty 10 days at a time and then in port only long enough to refuel and resupply; when this could be done at sea, it was. Escorts were at a premium as the Allies struggled to maintain their supply lines. Goff left the Caribbean on 16 June 1943 and put in at New York City for a long-needed overhaul.

Goff finally had her chance to inflict real damage on the German U-boats when at Norfolk, Virginia, on 27 July 1943 she joined the escort aircraft carrier USS Card (CVE-11) and the destroyers USS Barry (DD-248) and USS Borie (DD-215) to form an offensive antisubmarine patrol which conducted two highly successful patrols across the Atlantic Ocean. The close coordination between Card′s planes and her destroyer screen was effective. During the period Goff was with Card, from 27 July to 9 November 1943, the ships made two voyages from Norfolk to Casablanca, French Morocco, and were credited with sinking no fewer than eight U-boats. These patrols came to a dramatic conclusion when on 1 November 1943 Borie rammed and sunk the German submarine GS U-405, but was herself fatally damaged in the process. For these two patrols Goff was awarded a Presidential Unit Citation.

After a brief overhaul at New York City, Goff returned to Atlantic escort duty as on 28 November 1943. She and Barry convoyed the seaplane tender USS Albemarle (AV-5), loaded with aeronautical supplies and personnel, from Norfolk to Casablanca and then on to Reykjavík, Iceland, returning to New York City on 31 December 1943. Goff spent the first seven months of 1944 with Albemarle, shepherding the seaplane tender safely to San Juan, Trinidad; Casablanca; Recife, Brazil; and Avonmouth, England, before putting in at Boston, Massachusetts, on 13 July 1944 for overhaul.

Repairs completed, Goff engaged in antisubmarine practice at Casco Bay, Maine, and then on 28 August 1944 departed for Key West, Florida, arriving there on 31 August 1944. At Key West, she was attached to the Fleet Sound School and served in a variety of duties, including antisubmarine work, harbor guard, and target vessel for ships and planes in training. World War II ended in Europe on 8 May 1945, and she departed Key West for Philadelphia on 9 June 1945, arriving there on 11 June 1945.

Decommissioning and disposal
Goff decommissioned at Philadelphia on 21 July 1945, after 24 years of service, and was struck from the Navy Register on 13 August 1945. Sold to the Boston Metal Salvage Company of Baltimore, Maryland, on 30 November 1945, she was resold to the Northern Metal Company of Philadelphia on 31 December 1945 and scrapped in November 1947.

Honors and awards

 * United States Navy Presidential Unit Citation ribbon.svg Presidential Unit Citation
 * Second Nicaraguan Campaign Medal ribbon.png Second Nicaraguan Campaign Medal
 * American Campaign Medal with one battle star
 * European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with one battle star
 * World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg World War II Victory Medal

Goff received two battle stars for service in World War II, for the periods 27 July–10 September 1943 and 25 September–19 November 1943.

title: USS Goff


text:
Accelerograph

An accelerograph can be referred to as a strong-motion instrument or seismograph, or simply an earthquake accelerometer. They are usually constructed as a self-contained box, which previously included a paper or film recorder (an analogue instrument) but now they often record directly on digital media and then the data is transmitted via the Internet.

Accelerographs are useful for when the earthquake ground motion is so strong that it causes the more sensitive seismometers to go off-scale. There is an entire science of strong ground motion, that is dedicated to studying the shaking in the vicinity of earthquakes (roughly within about 100 km of the fault rupture).

Accelerographs record the acceleration of the ground with respect to time. This recording is often called an accelerograms, strong-motion record or acceleration time-history. From this record strong-motion intensity measures (IMs, also called parameters) can be computed. The simplest of which is peak ground acceleration (PGA). Other IMs include Arias intensity, peak ground velocity (PGV), for which the accelerogram needs to be integrated once, peak ground displacement (PGD), for which double integration is required. Often a response spectrum is computed to show how the earthquake would affect structures of different natural frequencies or periods. These observations are useful to assess the seismic hazard of an area.

As well as their engineering applications, accelerograms are also useful for the study earthquakes from a scientific viewpoint. For example, accelerograms can be used to reconstruct the detailed history of rupture along a fault during an earthquake, which would not be possible with seismograms from standard instruments because they would be too far away to resolve the details. An example of an accelerograph array that was established to improve knowledge of near-source earthquake shaking as well as earthquake rupture propagation is the Parkfield Experiment, which involved a massive set of strong motion instrumentation.

Within the accelerograph, there is an arrangement of three accelerometer sensing heads. In recent low-cost instruments these are usually micro-machined (MEMS) chips that are sensitive to one direction. Thus constructed, the accelerometer can measure full motion of the device in three dimensions.

Unlike the continually recording seismometer, accelerometers nearly always work in a triggered mode. That means a level of acceleration must be set which starts the recording process. For analogue and older digital instruments this makes maintenance much more difficult without a direct Internet connection (or some other means of communication). Many trips have been made to accelerometers after a large earthquake, only to find that the memory was filled with extraneous noise, or the instrument was malfunctioning.

Accelerometers are used to monitor the response of structures to earthquakes. Analysis of these records along with the shaking recorded at base of the structure can improve building design, through earthquake engineering.

title: Accelerograph


text:
Pin group

In mathematics, the pin group is a certain subgroup of the Clifford algebra associated to a quadratic space. It maps 2-to-1 to the orthogonal group, just as the spin group maps 2-to-1 to the special orthogonal group.

In general the map from the Pin group to the orthogonal group is not surjective or a universal covering space, but if the quadratic form is definite (and dimension is greater than 2), it is both.

The non-trivial element of the kernel is denoted $$-1,$$ which should not be confused with the orthogonal transform of reflection through the origin, generally denoted $$-I.$$

General definition
Let $$V$$ be a vector space with a non-degenerate quadratic form $$Q$$. The pin group $$\operatorname{Pin}(V, Q)$$ is the subset of the Clifford algebra $$\operatorname{Cl}(V, Q)$$ consisting of elements of the form $$v_1 v_2 \cdots v_k$$, where the $$v_i$$ are vectors such that $$Q(v_i) = \pm 1$$. The spin group $$\operatorname{Spin}(V, Q)$$ is defined similarly, but with $$k$$ restricted to be even; it is a subgroup of the pin group.

In this article, $$V$$ is always a real vector space. When $$V$$ has basis vectors $$e_1, ..., e_{p+q}$$ satisfying $$e_1^2, ..., e_p^2 = 1$$ and $$e_{p+1}^2, ..., e_{p+q}^2 = -1,$$ the pin group is denoted Pin(p, q).

Geometrically, for vectors $$v$$ with $$Q(v) \ne 0$$, $$-vwv^{-1}$$ is the reflection of a vector $$w$$ across the hyperplane orthogonal to $$v$$. More generally, an element $$v_1 v_2 \cdots v_k$$ of the pin group acts on vectors by transforming $$w$$ to $$(-1)^k v_1 v_2 \cdots v_k w (v_1 v_2 \cdots v_k)^{-1}$$, which is the composition of k reflections. Since every orthogonal transformation can be expressed as a composition of reflections (the Cartan–Dieudonné theorem), it follows that this representation of the pin group is a homomorphism from the pin group onto the orthogonal group. This is often called the twisted adjoint representation. The elements ±1 of the pin group are the elements which map to the identity $$I \in O(p, q)$$, and every element of O(p, q) corresponds to exactly two elements of Pin(p, q).

Definite form

The pin group of a definite form maps onto the orthogonal group, and each component is simply connected (in dimension 3 and higher): it double covers the orthogonal group. The pin groups for a positive definite quadratic form Q and for its negative −Q are not isomorphic, but the orthogonal groups are.

In terms of the standard forms, O(n, 0) = O(0, n), but Pin(n, 0) and Pin(0, n) are in general not isomorphic. Using the "+" sign convention for Clifford algebras (where $$v^2=Q(v) \in \mathrm{Cl}(V,Q)$$), one writes
 * $$\mbox{Pin}_+(n) := \mbox{Pin}(n,0) \qquad \mbox{Pin}_-(n) := \mbox{Pin}(0,n)$$

and these both map onto O(n) = O(n, 0) = O(0, n).

By contrast, we have the natural isomorphism Spin(n, 0) ≅ Spin(0, n) and they are both the (unique) non-trivial double cover of the special orthogonal group SO(n), which is the (unique) universal cover for n ≥ 3.

Indefinite form
There are as many as eight different double covers of O(p, q), for p, q ≠ 0, which correspond to the extensions of the center (which is either C2 × C2 or C4) by C2. Only two of them are pin groups—those that admit the Clifford algebra as a representation. They are called Pin(p, q) and Pin(q, p) respectively.

As topological group
Every connected topological group has a unique universal cover as a topological space, which has a unique group structure as a central extension by the fundamental group. For a disconnected topological group, there is a unique universal cover of the identity component of the group, and one can take the same cover as topological spaces on the other components (which are principal homogeneous spaces for the identity component) but the group structure on other components is not uniquely determined in general.

The Pin and Spin groups are particular topological groups associated to the orthogonal and special orthogonal groups, coming from Clifford algebras: there are other similar groups, corresponding to other double covers or to other group structures on the other components, but they are not referred to as Pin or Spin groups, nor studied much.

In 2001, Andrzej Trautman found the set of all 32 inequivalent double covers of O(p) x O(q), the maximal compact subgroup of O(p, q) and an explicit construction of 8 double covers of the same group O(p, q).

Construction
The two pin groups correspond to the two central extensions
 * $$1 \to \{\pm 1\} \to \mbox{Pin}_\pm(V) \to \mathrm{O}(V) \to 1.$$

The group structure on Spin(V) (the connected component of determinant 1) is already determined; the group structure on the other component is determined up to the center, and thus has a ±1 ambiguity.

The two extensions are distinguished by whether the preimage of a reflection squares to ±1 ∈ Ker (Spin(V) → SO(V)), and the two pin groups are named accordingly. Explicitly, a reflection has order 2 in O(V), r2 = 1, so the square of the preimage of a reflection (which has determinant one) must be in the kernel of Spin±(V) → SO(V), so $$\tilde r^2 = \pm 1$$, and either choice determines a pin group (since all reflections are conjugate by an element of SO(V), which is connected, all reflections must square to the same value).

Concretely, in Pin+, $$\tilde r$$ has order 2, and the preimage of a subgroup {1, r} is C2 × C2: if one repeats the same reflection twice, one gets the identity.

In Pin−, $$\tilde r$$ has order 4, and the preimage of a subgroup {1, r} is C4: if one repeats the same reflection twice, one gets "a rotation by 2π"—the non-trivial element of Spin(V) → SO(V) can be interpreted as "rotation by 2π" (every axis yields the same element).

Low dimensions
In 1 dimension, the pin groups are congruent to the first dihedral and dicyclic groups:
 * $$\begin{align}

\mbox{Pin}_+(1) &\cong \mathrm{C}_2 \times \mathrm{C}_2 = \mbox{Dih}_1\\ \mbox{Pin}_-(1) &\cong \mathrm{C}_4 = \mbox{Dic}_1. \end{align}$$

In 2 dimensions, the distinction between Pin+ and Pin− mirrors the distinction between the dihedral group of a 2n-gon and the dicyclic group of the cyclic group C2n.

In Pin+, the preimage of the dihedral group of an n-gon, considered as a subgroup Dihn < O(2), is the dihedral group of a 2n-gon, Dih2n < Pin+(2), while in Pin−, the preimage of the dihedral group is the dicyclic group Dicn < Pin−(2).

The resulting commutative square of subgroups for Spin(2), Pin+(2), SO(2), O(2) – namely C2n, Dih2n, Cn, Dihn – is also obtained using the projective orthogonal group (going down from O by a 2-fold quotient, instead of up by a 2-fold cover) in the square SO(2), O(2), PSO(2), PO(2), though in this case it is also realized geometrically, as "the projectivization of a 2n-gon in the circle is an n-gon in the projective line".

In 3 dimensions the situation is as follows. The Clifford algebra generated by 3 anticommuting square roots of +1 is the algebra of 2×2 complex matrices, and Pin+(3) is isomorphic to $$\{A \in U(2) : \det A = \pm 1 \}$$. The Clifford algebra generated by 3 anticommuting square roots of -1 is the algebra $$\mathbb{H} \oplus \mathbb{H}$$, and Pin−(3) is isomorphic to SU(2) × C2. These groups are nonisomorphic because the center of Pin+(3) is C4 while the center of Pin−(3) is C2 × C2.

Center
Suppose $$n>0$$. The center of $$\mathrm{Pin}_{+}(n)$$ is $$\mathrm{C}_2\times\mathrm{C}_2$$ when $$n=0,1\ \mathrm{mod}\ 4$$, and $$\mathrm{C}_4$$ when $$n=2,3\ \mathrm{mod}\ 4$$. The center of $$\mathrm{Pin}_{-}(n)$$ is $$\mathrm{C}_2\times\mathrm{C}_2$$ when $$n=0,3\ \mathrm{mod}\ 4$$, and $$\mathrm{C}_4$$ when $$n=2,1\ \mathrm{mod}\ 4$$.

Name
The name was introduced in, where they state "This joke is due to J-P. Serre". It is a back-formation from Spin: "Pin is to O(n) as Spin is to SO(n)", hence dropping the "S" from "Spin" yields "Pin".

title: Pin group


text: Category:History of Somerset

title: Category:History of Somerset


text: Category:Buildings and structures in Somerset


text:
Talk:Skagen

Municipality no more
The town (Skagen) no longer forms its own municipality (kommune) but merged in January 2005 with Frederikshavn Kommune to the south.

What does "Skaw" mean?
What is the literal transiation of "Skaw"? I ask because that's the name of the most northerly village in Scotland, Skaw in the Shetlands. I guess it's the same name, coming from norn or some other scandic language? -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 19:12, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * I cannot offer any meanings of the names Skagen or Skaw, but the Danish word for a person from Skagen, a "skagbo" (literally " Skagen dweller") is sometimes spelled "skawbo" as the pronounciation is identical. Perhaps someone could look into the etymology of the name Skagen; especially the `Swedish skägg (pronounced sheg), "beard".´ suggestion seems far-fetched. -- Hestemand 16:03, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

No such thing as a Frederikshavn (2007-) municipality
Please see the discussion about using official municipality names at Talk:Municipalities of Denmark. --SFDan 06:34, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

dpv and the Cimbri
Hello dpv. Sometimes the editor misedits, which is why editors and writers ought to communicate amicably. I'm all for it. You introduced an error, which I fixed. No harm done but I imagine interested readers were pretty confused for a while. Tastris is the unknown word. You can look up Cimbri on Wikipedia. Best wishes, keep on editing.Dave 20:00, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

Pronunciation
It would be helpful for a pronunciation of the name to appear, which is, I understand, counterintuitive to Americans. 71.239.87.100 (talk) 13:00, 1 May 2015 (UTC)
 * ✅. Did a first pass on this, based on an online pronunciation service in Europe, with good track record for Danish names. See edit from today. Le Prof  71.239.87.100 (talk) 16:28, 1 May 2015 (UTC)

″==Demographics section tagged to initiate discussion== Source 4, a webpage, is used pervasively, as the near single source in this section and for several additional subsections and paragraphs in History. This is problematic in two ways, first, as a Danish language source (acceptable, but see main point), and second, as a webpage providing substantial historic and demographic information without (a) clear presentation of content authorship/curatorship and scholarly credentials, and (b) without clear attribution/direct sourcing of the purported factual information presented. (E.g., the long list of population data presented in simple stacked text format does not indicate its original governmental or other source.)

Taken together, these two aspects make it difficult, if not impossible, to verify the accuracy of the cited data. Hence, as this cited websource approaches the question of the veracity and verifiability of its data in the manner of "Just trust us," this standard is transferred to Wikipedia in its re-use of the information so pervasively, and without checking.

I do not expect you to change this, or even allow the tag to stand (because this manner of sourcing information is so widespread in this article, and at WP in general).

But I do wish that individuals who write, ostensibly at an encyclopedia, would understand standards generally associated with encyclopedic writing. With regard to the population data, I would argue that we, as an encyclopedia, would wish to cite the governmental or other source of the data (a verifiable and WP:reliable source), and not this webpage. Hence, I would argue, at this stage, such parts of the article are "student draft" pieces of work, half completed (finding the first research hint regarding reliable information, but not taking the critical further step of finding and sourcing the actual reliable, verifiable information itself).

Here, it seems, we ask readers to trust us, and we ourselves are likewise overly trusting, and so unscholarly, in our selection of sources—conveying that it is better to say something, even if we cannot be sure of its accuracy, than to leave a subject unaddressed for inability to track information to its true reliable origin. Cheers, bonne chance. Le Prof. 71.239.87.100 (talk) 16:52, 1 May 2015 (UTC)
 * I think it is quite unreasonable to expect English language sources for demograpics of locations in non-English speaking countries. But yes, the point about using governmental data by preference is well taken. I have not contributed to this article in a major way, but being a Danish speaker I will try to find the governmental source on which the data is presumably based.·maunus · snunɐɯ· 17:25, 1 May 2015 (UTC)
 * With regard to the "well taken" point: any luck with the better sourcing of this, ? 71.239.87.100 (talk) 16:39, 5 May 2015 (UTC)
 * No, the historical demographic data are not going to be possible to get through online sources, my guess is that the local historians in Skagen built it based on church books. One would have to visit the society to find out with certainty. So it probably stands and falls with the quesiton of whether a local historical society is considered a reliable source for local history. I think it should be.·maunus · snunɐɯ· 22:28, 5 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Please do be one that ikke kan få øje på skoven for bare træer (misses the forest for the trees). About the language, I noted "Danish language source (acceptable". The point regarding the language is simply to say, that if the original editor—whose job it is to provide verifiable reliable, scholarly sourcing for his information, not based on trust of the editor/author—does not do this work, then language serves as a further post hoc barrier to any that would try to verify or provide sourcing. It is to say, all the more, in articles based on foreign language sources is it necessary to hold to high sourcing standards from the start.  Le Prof  71.239.87.100 (talk) 19:27, 1 May 2015 (UTC)
 * The website by the way belongs to the Skagen historical society. I don't know why that wouldn't be considered a reliable source for historical demography of Skagen.·maunus · snunɐɯ· 22:43, 1 May 2015 (UTC)

Skagen is not even one of the major cities in Denmark. There is absolutely no chance that there's going to be English language sources for local things like population. It's not even a requirement that sources must be in English anyway! Can we ever be 100% sure of accuracy anyway? We're here to report what has been reported.♦ Dr. Blofeld  20:59, 1 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Again,, the forest is being ignored for trees (language is not the issue, Jeg elsker det danske sprig). Issue is the sourcing of the data. In re: that, "We're here to report what has been reported"… yes, but only from reliable, verifiable sources. Key distinction. Self-published, blog-like information of any type is disallowed at WP, and I would argue (i) that unreliable and unverifiable apply to any web-sourced population data that is not governmental or similarly solid, or that appears at a site, absent a source therein (i.e., if missing a "Data appearing here taken from Danish Census data, …" or similar). And (ii) that, per , the vested interest of the website owners make it all the more important that there be a traceable source therein. In short, this and other reputable online, open encyclopedias (absent expert authors as at EB) are "just trust us" venues to the extent that they lack reliable, verifiable sourcing worthy of respect, and this very often is the case at WP; moreover, the citing of sources that cannot be seen as an ultimate reputable origin of information is just a dodge (hiding the "just trust us" message one further layer deeper).  Le Prof  71.239.87.100 (talk) 16:36, 5 May 2015 (UTC)
 * I have pinged and important policy influence at WP, and asked him to look in to the general argument. Let's see if he responds. 71.239.87.100 (talk) 16:41, 5 May 2015 (UTC)
 * And he disagrees with you anyway, and considers it to be a reliable source for population, not that he actually makes policy decisions around here. Let it rest.♦ Dr. Blofeld  22:10, 5 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Yeah, just for the record I am not an important policy influence in any way. I have no particular authority or importance. I think the source should be considered reliable until proven otherwise - but if you think its reliability requires further discussion then I suggest the Reliable Sources Noticeboard where other editors will be able to comment on whether they consider it reliable or not.·maunus · snunɐɯ· 22:31, 5 May 2015 (UTC)
 * I and I believe the IP were referring to Jimmy Wales, who he left a post about this to.♦ Dr. Blofeld  13:48, 6 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Ah, ok that makes more sense. Except of Course Jimmy Wales doesnt have any authority on these matters either, and is unlikely to take any interest in it.m RSN is the way to go.·maunus · snunɐɯ· 14:27, 6 May 2015 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 14:34, 23 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Skagen map.png

title: Talk:Skagen


text: Category:Transport in Somerset

title: Category:Transport in Somerset


text:
Rose Quarter Transit Center

Rose Quarter Transit Center is a light rail station in the MAX system and a TriMet bus transit center, and is located in the Rose Quarter area of Portland, Oregon, a part of the Lloyd District. It is served by the Blue, Green and Red Lines. It is currently the 7th stop eastbound on the Eastside MAX as well as the first stop after crossing the Willamette River on the Steel Bridge. Two hundred yards west of the station is the Interstate/Rose Quarter station on the MAX Yellow Line.

Originally called the Coliseum Transit Center, it was renamed Rose Quarter Transit Center in 1994. As of September 2012, the transit center is served by six TriMet bus routes.

The transit center is located at 47 NE Holladay Street where it intersects NE Wheeler Avenue; the MAX station platforms are under an Interstate 5 overpass. The station serves the Rose Quarter area, which includes the Moda Center and the Memorial Coliseum located just to the northwest. The station has three platforms—two side platforms plus an additional island platform and track used as train storage and during special events.

The former Portland Vintage Trolley car barn is located on the north side of the platforms and connects to the tracks just to the east of the station. It has since been converted into a maintenance facility for TriMet workers. Bus service from the surrounding stops serves much of North and Northeast Portland. Because most of the platform length is under the freeway overpass and the Rose Quarter is a major transit hub, this station can be very loud after events in the Rose Quarter neighborhood.

From 2001 to 2012, the transit center was located within Fareless Square (renamed the Free Rail Zone in 2010), but the free-ride zone was discontinued in September 2012.

There is also a concessionaire building located at this station offering refreshments.

Bus lines
Along with MAX, the transit center is served by the following bus lines:
 * 4 - Fessenden
 * 8 - Jackson Park/NE 15th Ave
 * 35 - Macadam/Greeley
 * 44 - Capitol Hwy/Mocks Crest
 * 77 - Broadway/Halsey
 * 85 - Swan Island
 * C-Tran 105/105X - I-5 Express

title: Rose Quarter Transit Center


text:
User:Thewhale

General Information

 * Real name: Walter A. Lüthi
 * Email: [mailto:thewhale@bluewin.ch]

title: User:Thewhale


text:
Vale de Cambra

Vale de Cambra (Cambra) is a city and a municipality in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 22,864, in an area of 147.33 km². It had 21,440 electors in 2006. The city itself has about 4,100 inhabitants and is located in the Vila Chã, Codal e Vila Cova de Perrinho parish.

The municipality is located in the District of Aveiro, in Norte region and Entre Douro & Vouga subregion. It is now one of the municipalities of the Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto.

The present Mayor is José Alberto Freitas Soares Pinheiro e Silva, elected by the CDS – People's Party. The municipal holiday is June 13.

Parishes
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 7 civil parishes (freguesias):
 * Arões
 * Cepelos
 * Junqueira
 * Macieira de Cambra
 * Roge
 * São Pedro de Castelões
 * Vila Chã

Environment
The mountains of Freita and Arada: Serra da Freita & Serra da Arada

These mountains are a part to the European Nature 2000

Arouca Geopark

Notable people

 * Rui Filipe, (1968–1994), Portuguese footballer with 222 club caps and 6 for Portugal
 * João Paulo Fernandes, (born 1984), Portuguese boccia player and Paralympic champion.

title: Vale de Cambra


text:
Military geography

Military geography is a sub-field of geography that is used by the military, as well as academics and politicians, to understand the geopolitical sphere through the military lens. To accomplish these ends, military geographers consider topics from geopolitics to physical locations’ influences on military operations and the cultural and economic impacts of a military presence. On a tactical level, a military geographer might put together the terrain and the drainage system below the surface, so a unit is not at a disadvantage if the enemy uses the drainage system to ambush it, especially in urban warfare. On a strategic level, an emerging field of strategic and military geography seeks to understand the changing human and biophysical environments that alter the security and military domains. Climate change, for example, is adding and multiplying the complexity of military strategy, planning and training. Emerging responsibilities for the military to be involved in: protection of civilian populations (Responsibility to protect), women and ethnic groups; provision of humanitarian aid and disaster response (HADR); new technology and domains of training and operations, such as in cybergeography, make military geography a dynamic frontier.

If a general desired to be a successful actor in the great drama of war, his first duty is to study carefully the theater of operations so that he may see clearly the relative advantages and disadvantages it presents for himself and his enemies.
 * — Baron De Jomini

History and Development of Military Geography
Military geography has a long and practical history. For example, Imperial Military Geography in 1938 shows how a colonial empire approach to military geography could describe the geographical setting of empire, the responsibilities and the resources that could be mobilised for national or imperial needs. Environmental determinism, regional geography, geographic information systems and geography more generally have all evolved and entwined over hundreds of years.

The revival of geography and military geography as a sub-discipline is a remarkable trend since 2000 with a number of key geopolitical, international relations, historical geography and geographical approaches being developed. The American Association of Geographers and Institute of Australian Geographers have interest groups that continue to develop the sub-discipline of military geography.

In 2018, Australian Contributions to Strategic and Military Geography outlined a new Australian approach and included chapters on themes and specific regions.

Urbanistics
Russian colonel N. S. Olesik terms the field of analyzing the complex urban environment in particular “military geo-urbanistics.” In the open country, units only deal with terrain, weather, and the enemy. In urban warfare, the terrain is more complex, filled with many structures and transformations of the land by the inhabitants, which restrict visibility from the air and create obstacles to ground units. Spaces may be narrow, and convoys may be restricted to certain routes between buildings, where they face roadside bombs and ambushes.

Units must work with or work around local people, some of whom may cooperate and others of whom may oppose, while others are neutral or caught between the two factions. Guerilla fighters may count on an enemy's unwillingness to bomb or fire on heavily populated areas.

Types of terrain
Several types of terrain and associated climate are prevalent, each affecting combatants differently.

Desert warfare
In an arid climate, as in many desert areas across the globe, sand is a main concern. Sand can hamper an army's attempts to remain hydrated, sapping moisture from skin; sand also jams machinery including the firing mechanisms of firearms.

Terrain is usually fairly flat, though in some regions there are vast, rolling sand dunes. The desert environment can also contain mountains; as in Afghanistan and in certain areas around Israel. Due to the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East, the U.S. military has redesigned the uniforms for the different branches of service. All of the uniforms have a digital camouflage pattern that is very effective in the desert environment, and the boots have been changed from the standard polished black boots to light brown colored suede leather boots. These boots are cooler under the intense heat of the desert sun.

Jungle and forest warfare
The conditions of these regions are basically the opposite of those found in desert regions. There are thousands of flora and fauna, and there is always moisture present which presents its own difficulties. The moisture speeds up the rotting processes as well as causing wounds to become infected much easier because of all of the bacteria that live in the water. With proper filtration systems an army should have no problem keeping hydrated.

The densely packed trees and underbrush provide concealment from the air as well as from the ground. Ambushes can be easily conducted in this environment just like they can in an urban environment. The jungle can also contain mountains, but these mountains are organized differently from those that exist in the desert. The jungle mountains have far more plant life, and are usually much more difficult to ascend. Helicopters have been proven as a very useful means of transportation over jungle and forested areas; Vietnam was, of course, the testing ground for this. Tanks and other vehicles have difficulty maneuvering through and around the densely packed trees, and most military aircraft fly too fast to accurately observe the ground through the trees.

Winter warfare
This type of warfare is not based on a geographical design, but is based on the drastic differences in this particular climate. During war it is much harder to remain warm than it is to remain cool. Even Forested areas can, and many do, experience winter weather conditions. For this specific type of combat there are soldiers that are specifically trained to fight under the conditions individual to the winter season. These conditions call for a drastically thicker and thus warmer uniform, and the weapons even need to be refitted with the proper devices to ensure that they will operate in the cold.

Mountain warfare
No two mountains are alike, but there is less oxygen at higher altitude. Fighting up a mountain can be very treacherous. There can be avalanches, rockslides, cliffs, and ambushes from higher up the slopes, and there are almost guaranteed to be caves somewhere in the mountain, as in Afghanistan.

Mud
Mud is a universal menace to all armies. While it does not hamper the use of air power, it slows and sometimes stops ground movements all together. The most common season for mud across the globe is spring. After the thawing of winter's snow and the addition of the rains that the season brings, the ground becomes very soft, and almost any military vehicle can get bogged down if it is not properly equipped. The mud is not always dependent on the spring. Rather, in some parts of the world, it is determined by the monsoons.

Harbors
In the concerns of a seaport, especially if it is a goal to either capture or defend it, there are more difficulties than in defending a city that is in land. With a harbor there is also the threat from the sea in addition to the land and the air. A harbor is always a key objective for an army to capture when an invasion is commenced. The sooner the harbor can be captured, the sooner it can be used to bring in massive amounts of reinforcements and material. The trouble is to capture the harbor before the enemy can sabotage it by blocking the entrance with wreckage or by deploying mines throughout the harbor. Defending the harbor is a treacherous task because odds are that the enemy can observe your position from both the air and the sea. The harbor is on the periphery of the defense network of many nations, and even more so if the navy is either deployed or nonexistent. The best ways to defend the harbor are to have military airfields in close vicinity, to have naval units based in the harbor on a permanent basis, and to be ready to make the harbor unusable by the enemy if they should overcome your defenses.

Beaches
Beaches have always been a favourable place for landings. Beaches with naturally shallow inclines are often used for deploying troops and armoured vehicles. Often, however, they can be blocked by mines and other anti-tank defences. This makes them a high risk place to land but, if there is no prior warning, a beach-landing can be a very effective route into enemy territory.

Sea cliffs
The same rules apply to this category as to the preceding one with the exception of the mines. Here there is almost no need for anti-vehicle mines, and so, the defenses could be planned without much concern for an armored attack.

Resources; future flashpoints
The Middle East contains numerous valuable resources that major nations may compete over when supplies begin to fall around the world. The first Gulf War was an example of the United States’ willingness to go to war to protect its access to the rich oilfields of the Persian Gulf. The strong military presence influenced some leaders to aid the United States with cheap oil, but over time those forces began to be viewed as a threat to the Muslim world. The attacks of September 11, 2001, have brought new hostilities to the region with the invasions of both Afghanistan and Iraq. Other hotspots around the globe centering on oil are the areas around Venezuela, the Caspian Sea region, and possibly the offshore oil deposits around Vietnam and China. In today's age, especially for people living in developed countries, it is hard to believe that there are other resources that can potentially cause a war.

The most precious and most needed resource of all is water, and in some parts of the world, that is a very expensive resource to obtain. The most obvious areas that conflict may arise over disputes for water supplies would be in the desert, but at the moment oil is the most valuable liquid in the Middle East. However, oil will not always be there, and if those people are going to survive, they must have water. Several times, countries that are upriver have threatened to build dams across the rivers in order to cut off the country down river, starving that particular country of its water supply. This has been the case with both the Nile and the River Jordan, and the results in both cases have been the same: the countries that are down river have threatened retaliation if such an event should occur. As our global warming trend continues, our weather patterns will continue to shift, and that means that some places will fall into a severe drought. These people may become desperate when they do not have the resources to obtain water if such a disaster should occur.

Water is not the only resource on this planet that is found to be a necessity. The forests are as well. These densely wooded regions of the world are constantly shrinking, and as the oil runs out, people will need to keep warm in the winter. Odds are that they will return to using wood as a primary fuel source for keeping warm. As the forests shrink, neighboring countries will turn on each other for this resource in order to appease their populations. The forests of Latin America and the Pacific Islands are the key hotspots for this resource; this is in part due to the already tense situations in and around those regions because of growing tensions over global oil supplies.

In 2002's Die Another Day, the term "conflict diamonds" is at the heart of the film's plot. In the film, the diamonds are the currency that is used to fund illegal weapons deals, and are used to fund the construction of the Icarus space weapon. The portrayal of the use of the diamonds that come out of Africa holds true in many cases. The term “conflict diamonds” is applied to those diamonds that are not sold through an internationally recognized company. They are “conflict diamonds” because warlords in Africa fight for these diamonds in order to sell them to acquire larger wealth and new weapons for continued fighting. The same is true for the gold fields in southern Africa. There are many warlords that would love to have control of the vast wealth of the mines in order to further fund their lucrative endeavors.

title: Military geography


text:
Vagos

Vagos is a town and a municipality in Aveiro District, belonging to Centro Region of Portugal. The district capital, Aveiro, is its nearest large city. Its population in 2011 was 22,851 in an area of 164.92 km2, and it had 17,204 eligible voters. It is part of the intermunicipal community of Região de Aveiro.

In Roman times, the municipality was called Vacus, and had both coastline and large sand dune valleys just east of its center. Increases in sedimentation and sand drifts leveled and lengthened these distances. According to António Gomes da Rocha Madail and other writers, there is tradition among the native population that they are descendants of the seafaring salt farmers of Phoenicia.

Due to its fertile soils, agriculture plays a major role in the municipality's economy. Its green meadows create exceptional conditions for cattle breeding and milk production at a national level. The forest areas and vegetable production are other sources of prosperity for the municipality. Ceramics are the principal money-maker in its industrial sector.

Its present mayor is Silvério Rodrigues Regalado of the Social Democratic Party. The municipal holiday is the Monday after Whit Sunday. Its mother church honors Saint James.

Cities and towns

 * Sosa (town)
 * Vagos (town)

Parishes
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 8 civil parishes (freguesias):
 * Calvão
 * Fonte de Angeão e Covão do Lobo
 * Gafanha da Boa Hora
 * Ouca
 * Ponte de Vagos e Santa Catarina
 * Santo André de Vagos
 * Sosa
 * Vagos e Santo António

Famous people

 * Manuel Freire, (born 1942), Portuguese singer and composer.

title: Vagos


text:
Sever do Vouga

Sever do Vouga is a town and a municipality in the District of Aveiro in Portugal The population in 2011 was 12,356, in an area of 129.88 km2. It had 11,734 eligible voters (2013). The municipality is a center of metalworking industry.

The municipality is included in the Região de Aveiro.

The present Mayor is António José Martins Coutinho, elected by the Socialist Party.

The municipal holiday is the September 21.

Parishes
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 7 civil parishes (freguesias):
 * Cedrim e Paradela
 * Couto de Esteves
 * Pessegueiro do Vouga
 * Rocas do Vouga
 * Sever do Vouga
 * Silva Escura e Dornelas
 * Talhadas

Famous people

 * Martin Silva (born 1952 in Sever do Vouga) politician and radio personality in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
 * Luísa Beirão (born 1977 in Sever do Vouga) a Portuguese model.

title: Sever do Vouga


text: Category:1050s BC deaths

title: Category:1050s BC deaths


text:
User talk:Horbal

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --JYolkowski // talk 14:12, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:Horbal


text:
Gonzalo Sorondo

Gonzalo Sorondo Amaro (born October 9, 1979) is a Uruguayan former footballer who last played for Defensor.

He has earned 27 caps for his country, and played for them at the 2002 FIFA World Cup.

He acquired Brazilian citizenship on September 3, 2009.

Club
Sorondo began his career with Uruguayan club Defensor Sporting Club, moving to Inter Milan in 2001, playing 11 Serie A games on his first season and none in 2002-2003. By 2003 he was on loan to Belgian club Standard Liège. Crystal Palace took him on loan in August 2004 where he played in the Premier League. A year later another loan, this time to Charlton, was confirmed in July 2005 after he obtained a work permit. At the summer of 2006 he became a free agent, and signed a permanent contract with Charlton. Sorondo was released by Charlton Athletic alongside compatriot Omar Pouso in February 2007 after just one Premier League appearance. He returned to Defensor.

In early 2012, Sorondo, was hired to play Grêmio, from Porto Alegre but during the preseason he had rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament in his right knee and had his contract terminated with the team.

International
Sorondo played at the 1999 FIFA World Youth Championship, in which Uruguay finished in 4th.

He was a regular member of the Uruguay national team, making his debut against Colombia, the August 15, 2000, and played for his country in the 2002 FIFA World Cup, but has consistently been dropped in recent years, due to injuries and limited league appearances.

title: Gonzalo Sorondo


text: Category:1070s BC deaths

title: Category:1070s BC deaths


text:
TCP/IP stack fingerprinting

TCP/IP stack fingerprinting is the remote detection of the characteristics of a TCP/IP stack implementation. The combination of parameters may then be used to infer the remote machine's operating system (aka, OS fingerprinting), or incorporated into a device fingerprint.

TCP/IP Fingerprint Specifics
Certain parameters within the TCP protocol definition are left up to the implementation. Different operating systems, and different versions of the same operating system, set different defaults for these values. By collecting and examining these values, one may differentiate among various operating systems and implementations of TCP/IP. The TCP/IP fields that may vary include the following:

 * Initial packet size (16 bits)
 * Initial TTL (8 bits)
 * Window size (16 bits)
 * Max segment size (16 bits)
 * Window scaling value (8 bits)
 * "don't fragment" flag (1 bit)
 * "sackOK" flag (1 bit)
 * "nop" flag (1 bit)

These values may be combined to form a 67-bit signature, or fingerprint, for the target machine. Just inspecting the Initial TTL and window size fields is often enough to successfully identify an operating system, which eases the task of performing manual OS fingerprinting.

Protection against and detecting fingerprinting
Protection against the fingerprint doorway to attack is achieved by limiting the type and amount of traffic a defensive system responds to. Examples include blocking address masks and timestamps from outgoing ICMP control-message traffic, and blocking ICMP echo replies. A security tool can alert to potential fingerprinting: it can match another machine as having a fingerprinter configuration by detecting its fingerprint.

Disallowing TCP/IP fingerprinting provides protection from vulnerability scanners looking to target machines running a certain operating system. Fingerprinting facilitates attacks. Blocking those ICMP messages is only one of an array of defenses required for full protection against attacks.

Targeting the ICMP datagram, an obfuscator running on top of IP in the internet layer acts as a "scrubbing tool" to confuse the TCP/IP fingerprinting data. These exist for Microsoft Windows, Linux and FreeBSD.

Fingerprinting tools
A list of TCP/OS Fingerprinting Tools
 * Zardaxt.py – Passive open-source TCP/IP Fingerprinting Tool.
 * Ettercap – passive TCP/IP stack fingerprinting.
 * Nmap – comprehensive active stack fingerprinting.
 * p0f – comprehensive passive TCP/IP stack fingerprinting.
 * NetSleuth – free passive fingerprinting and analysis tool
 * PacketFence – open source NAC with passive DHCP fingerprinting.
 * Satori – passive CDP, DHCP, ICMP, HPSP, HTTP, TCP/IP and other stack fingerprinting.
 * SinFP – single-port active/passive fingerprinting.
 * XProbe2 – active TCP/IP stack fingerprinting.
 * queso - well-known tool from the late 1990s which is no longer being updated for modern operating systems

title: TCP/IP stack fingerprinting


text:
EMW

EMW may stand for:
 * EMW Corporation, a Korea's electronics company, by KOSDAQ number in 079190.
 * Eisenacher Motorenwerk, a former East German manufacturer of automobiles and motorcycles and one-time Formula One participant
 * Elektro Mechanische Werke, a former German aircraft manufacturer
 * Electromagnetic wave, a phenomenon that takes the form of self-propagating waves in a vacuum or in matter.
 * Evangelical Movement of Wales, a Christian organisation in Wales
 * Expeditionary maneuver warfare, a warfare concept of the United States Marine Corps
 * Evangelisches Missionswerk in Deutschland, an institute of the Evangelical Church in Germany
 * Enzyklopädie der Mathematischen Wissenschaften, known as Klein's encyclopedia

title: EMW


text:
User:Senzeichi

 * born 26 November 1975 in Tallinn, Estonia.
 * Wikipedian since 25 April 2005

other userpages

 * commons:User:Senzeichi
 * ru:User:Senzeichi

tools
Boilerplate Sandbox Contributions

Manual_of_Style Policies_and_guidelines

contributions
click here for complete list

I am currently working on adding, organizing and expanding the articles about counties, municipalities and populated places of Estonia, the country that I live in.

current location

ru:User:Senzeichi et:User:Senzeichi

title: User:Senzeichi