text:
Japan at the 1988 Summer Olympics

Japan competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. 255 competitors, 186 men and 69 women, took part in 166 events in 23 sports.

Medalists

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Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Archery
In their fourth Olympic archery competition, Japan was unable to win any medals. Defending bronze medallist Hiroshi Yamamoto placed eighth, the only individual archer to make the finals. The men's team placed sixth overall, while the women's team was last place.

Women's Individual Competition:
 * Toyoka Oki — Preliminary round (→ 31st place)
 * Keiko Nakagomi — Preliminary round (→ 52nd place)
 * Kyoko Kitahara — Preliminary round (→ 53rd place)

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Hiroshi Yamamoto — Final (→ 8th place)
 * Takayoshi Matsushita — Quarterfinal (→ 14th place)
 * Terushi Furuhashi — Preliminary round (→ 40th place)

Women's Team Competition:
 * Oki, Nakagomi, and Kitahara — Preliminary round (→ 15th place)

Men's Team Competition:
 * Yamamoto, Matsushita, and Furuhashi — Final (→ 6th place)

Athletics
Men's 100 metres
 * Koji Kurihara
 * Takahiko Kasahara
 * Tomohiro Osawa

Men's 200 metres
 * Kenji Yamauchi

Men's 400 metres
 * Susumu Takano

Men's 5,000 metres
 * Shuichi Yoneshige

Men's 10,000 metres
 * Kozu Akutsu
 * Heat — 28:16.43
 * Final — 28:09.70 (→ 14th place)

 * Shuichi Yoneshige
 * Heat — 28:26.04
 * Final — 29:04.44 (→ 17th place)

 * Tsukasa Endo
 * Heat — did not finish (→ did not advance)

Men's Marathon
 * Takeyuki Nakayama
 * Final — 2:11:05 (→ 4th place)

 * Toshihiko Seko
 * Final — 2:13:41 (→ 9th place)

 * Hisatoshi Shintaku
 * Final — 2:15:42 (→ 17th place)

Men's 4 × 100 m Relay
 * Kaoru Matsubara, Shinji Aoto, Koji Kurihara, and Takahiro Kasahara
 * Heat — 39.70

 * Shinji Aoto, Kenji Yamauchi, Koji Kurihara, and Susumu Takano
 * Semi Final — 38.90 (→ did not advance)

Men's 4 × 400 m Relay
 * Hirofumi Koike, Kenji Yamauchi, Hiromi Kawasumi, and Susumu Takano
 * Heat — 3:05.63
 * Semi Final — 3:03.80 (→ did not advance)

Men's Long Jump
 * Hiroyuki Shibata
 * Qualification — 7.48m (→ did not advance)

 * Junichi Usui
 * Qualification — NM (→ did not advance)

Men's Triple Jump
 * Norifumi Yamashita

Men's Javelin Throw
 * Kazuhiro Mizoguchi
 * Qualification — 77.46m (→ did not advance)

 * Masami Yoshida
 * Qualification — 76.90m (→ did not advance)

Men's 20 km Walk
 * Hirofumi Sakai
 * Final — 1:24:08 (→ 26th place)

 * Tadahiro Kosaka
 * Final — 1:32:46 (→ 47th place)

Men's 50 km Walk
 * Tadahiro Kosaka
 * Final — 4'03:12 (→ 31st place)

Women's 10,000 metres
 * Akemi Matsuno

Women's Marathon
 * Eriko Asai
 * Final — 2:34:41 (→ 25th place)

 * Kumi Araki
 * Final — 2:35:15 (→ 28th place)

 * Misako Miyahara
 * Final — 2:35:26 (→ 29th place)

Women's High Jump
 * Megumi Sato

Women's Javelin Throw
 * Emi Matsui
 * Qualification — 56.26m (→ did not advance)

Boxing
Men's Light Flyweight (– 48 kg)
 * Mamoru Kuroiwa
 * First Round — Lost to Ochiryn Demberel (MGL), KO-3

Cycling
Twelve cyclists, nine men and three women, represented Japan in 1988.

 * Men's road race
 * Mitsuhiro Suzuki
 * Kyoshi Miura
 * Yoshihiro Tsumuraya

 * Men's sprint
 * Hideki Miwa

 * Men's 1 km time trial
 * Hiroshi Toyooka

 * Men's team pursuit
 * Koichi Azuma
 * Fumiharu Miyamoto
 * Kazuaki Sasaki
 * Kazuo Takikawa

 * Men's points race
 * Yoshihiro Tsumuraya

 * Women's road race
 * Terumi Ogura — 2:00:52 (→ 30th place)
 * Natsue Seki — 2:14:32 (→ 50th place)

 * Women's sprint
 * Seiko Hashimoto

Fencing
Ten fencers, five men and five women, represented Japan in 1988.

 * Men's foil
 * Koji Emura
 * Kenichi Umezawa
 * Yoshihiko Kanatsu

 * Men's team foil
 * Matsuo Azuma, Harunobu Deno, Koji Emura, Yoshihiko Kanatsu, Kenichi Umezawa

 * Women's foil
 * Tomoko Oka
 * Akemi Morikawa
 * Mieko Miyahara

 * Women's team foil
 * Nona Kiritani, Keiko Mine, Mieko Miyahara, Akemi Morikawa, Tomoko Oka

Men's team competition

 * Preliminary round (group B)
 * vs East Germany (18 — 25)
 * vs Spain (19 — 25)
 * vs Hungary (19 — 22)
 * vs South Korea (24 — 33)
 * vs Czechoslovakia (17 — 21)

 * Classification Match
 * 11th/12th place: vs United States 24 — 21 (→ 11th place)

 * Team roster
 * Hidetada Ito
 * Hiroshi Yanai
 * Izumi Fujii
 * Kazuhiro Miyashita
 * Kenji Tamamura
 * Kiyoshi Nishiyama
 * Kodo Yamamoto
 * Koji Tachiki
 * Seiichi Takamura
 * Shinichi Shudo
 * Shinji Okuda
 * Takashi Taguchi
 * Toshiyuki Yamamura
 * Yoshihiro Nikawadori
 * Yukihiro Hashimoto

Modern pentathlon
Three male pentathletes represented Japan in 1988.

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Hiroshi Saito — 4881pts (→ 30th place)
 * Tadafumi Miwa — 4517pts (→ 51st place)
 * Hiroaki Izumikawa — 3722pts (→ 63rd place)

Men's Team Competition:
 * Saito, Miwa, and Izumikawa — 13120pts (→ 17th place)

Swimming
Men's 100 m Freestyle
 * Shigeo Ogata
 * Heat — 52.08 (→ did not advance, 32nd place)

Men's 200 m Freestyle
 * Shigeo Ogata
 * Heat — 1:51.14
 * B-Final — 1:51.89 (→ 15th place)

Men's 400 m Freestyle
 * Yoshiyuki Mizumoto
 * Heat — 4:02.02 (→ did not advance, 32nd place)

 * Shigeo Ogata
 * Heat — 4:05.68 (→ did not advance, 38th place)

Men's 1500 m Freestyle
 * Masashi Kato
 * Heat — 15:47.35 (→ did not advance, 25th place)

 * Yoshiyuki Mizumoto
 * Heat — 15:52.06 (→ did not advance, 27th place)

Men's 100 m Backstroke
 * Daichi Suzuki
 * Heat — 55.90
 * Final — 55.05 (→ [[Image:Gold medal.svg|16x16px]] Gold Medal)

 * Shigemori Maruyama
 * Heat — 57.54
 * B-Final — 57.13 (→ 12th place)

Men's 200 m Backstroke
 * Daichi Suzuki
 * Heat — 2:03.36
 * B-Final — 2:04.67 (→ 15th place)

 * Shigemori Maruyama
 * Heat — 2:09.16 (→ did not advance, 32nd place)

Men's 100 m Breaststroke
 * Hironobu Nagahata
 * Heat — 1:04.02
 * B-Final — 1:03.89 (→ 13th place)

 * Kenji Watanabe
 * Heat — 1:04.35 (→ did not advance, 18th place)

Men's 200 m Breaststroke
 * Shigehiro Takahashi
 * Heat — 2:17.69
 * B-Final — 2:18.03 (→ 10th place)

 * Hironobu Nagahata
 * Heat — 2:22.23 (→ did not advance, 30th place)

Men's 100 m Butterfly
 * Hiroshi Miura
 * Heat — 54.82
 * B-Final — 54.98 (→ 14th place)

 * Yukinori Tanaka
 * Heat — 56.19 (→ did not advance, 24th place)

Men's 200 m Butterfly
 * Satoshi Takeda
 * Heat — 2:01.42
 * B-Final — 2:02.18 (→ 15th place)

 * Hiroshi Miura
 * Heat — 2:02.30 (→ did not advance, 19th place)

Men's 200 m Individual Medley
 * Takahiro Fujimoto
 * Heat — 2:07.23 (→ did not advance, 19th place)

 * Satoshi Takeda
 * Heat — 2:08.11 (→ did not advance, 22nd place)

Men's 400 m Individual Medley
 * Yoshiyuki Mizumoto
 * Heat — 4:28.11 (→ did not advance, 17th place)

 * Takahiro Fujimoto
 * Heat — 4:33.03 (→ did not advance, 25th place)

Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay
 * Daichi Suzuki, Hironobu Nagahata, Hiroshi Miura, and Shigeo Ogata
 * Heat — 3:46.88
 * Final — 3:44.36 (→ 5th place)

Women's 50 m Freestyle
 * Ayako Nakano
 * Heat — 26.44
 * B-Final — 26.45 (→ 12th place)

 * Kaori Sasaki
 * Heat — 26.61 (→ did not advance, 20th place)

Women's 100 m Freestyle
 * Ayako Nakano
 * Heat — 57.29
 * B-Final — 56.72 (→ 10th place)

 * Kaori Sasaki
 * Heat — 58.40 (→ did not advance, 32nd place)

Women's 200 m Freestyle
 * Chikako Nakamori
 * Heat — 2:01.76
 * B-Final — 2:02.31 (→ 14th place)

 * Kaori Sasaki
 * Heat — 2:06.18 (→ did not advance, 29th place)

Women's 400 m Freestyle
 * Chikako Nakamori
 * Heat — 4:15.51
 * B-Final — 4:15.59 (→ 15th place)

 * Tomomi Hosoda
 * Heat — 4:17.30 (→ did not advance, 19th place)

Women's 800 m Freestyle
 * Tomomi Hosoda
 * Heat — 8:39.55 (→ did not advance, 11th place)

Women's 100 m Backstroke
 * Satoko Morishita
 * Heat — 1:05.38 (→ did not advance, 24th place)

 * Tomoko Onogi
 * Heat — 1:06.14 (→ did not advance, 26th place)

Women's 200 m Backstroke
 * Satoko Morishita
 * Heat — 2:18.74
 * B-Final — 2:18.78 (→ 14th place)

 * Tomoko Onogi
 * Heat — 2:21.46 (→ did not advance, 20th place)

Women's 100 m Breaststroke
 * Yoshie Nishioka
 * Heat — 1:13.36 (→ did not advance, 24th place)

 * Hiroko Nagasaki
 * Heat — 1:16.63 (→ did not advance, 26th place)

Women's 200 m Breaststroke
 * Yoshie Nishioka
 * Heat — 2:35.81 (→ did not advance, 19th place)

 * Hiroko Nagasaki
 * Heat — 2:37.44 (→ did not advance, 23rd place)

Women's 100 m Butterfly
 * Kiyomi Takahashi
 * Heat — 1:02.04
 * B-Final — 1:01.80 (→ 10th place)

 * Takayo Kitano
 * Heat — 1:02.35
 * B-Final — 1:02.53 (→ 14th place)

Women's 200 m Butterfly
 * Kiyomi Takahashi
 * Heat — 2:12.68
 * Final — 2:11.62 (→ 6th place)

 * Takayo Kitano
 * Heat — 2:15.41
 * B-Final — 2:15.61 (→ 14th place)

Women's 200 m Individual Medley
 * Yoshie Nishioka
 * Heat — 2:20.20
 * B-Final — 2:20.43 (→ 16th place)

 * Hiroyo Harada
 * Heat — 2:22.59 (→ did not advance, 22nd place)

Women's 400 m Individual Medley
 * Yoshie Nishioka
 * Heat — 4:55.31 (→ did not advance, 19th place)

 * Hiroyo Harada
 * Heat — 5:00.92 (→ did not advance, 23rd place)

Women's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay
 * Satoko Morishita, Yoshie Nishioka, Kiyomi Takahashi, and Ayako Nakano
 * Heat — 4:18.88 (→ did not advance, 12th place)

Synchronized swimming
Three synchronized swimmers represented Japan in 1988.

 * Women's solo
 * Mikako Kotani
 * Megumi Itō
 * Miyako Tanaka

 * Women's duet
 * Mikako Kotani
 * Miyako Tanaka

Tennis
Women's Singles Competition
 * Kumiko Okamoto
 * First Round — Lost to Catarina Lindqvist (Sweden) 6-7, 5-7

 * Etsuko Inoue
 * First Round — Lost to Il-Soon Kim (South Korea) 3-6, 6-3, 5-7

Men's team competition

 * Preliminary round (group B)
 * Lost to United States (0-3)
 * Lost to Argentina (1-3)
 * Lost to France (1-3)
 * Defeated Tunisia (3-0)
 * Lost to the Netherlands (0-3)

 * Classification Matches
 * 9th/12th place: Defeated South Korea (3-2)
 * 9th/10th place: Lost to Italy (2-3) → Tenth place

 * Team roster
 * Akihiro Iwashima
 * Yasunori Kumada
 * Eizaburo Mitsuhashi
 * Masayoshi Manabe
 * Yuji Kasama
 * Kazutomo Yoneyama
 * Hiromichi Kageyama
 * Hideharu Hara
 * Kimio Sugimoto
 * Yuzuru Inoue
 * Masaki Kaito
 * Shunichi Kawai

 * Head coach: Kazuya Mitake

Women's Team Competition

 * Preliminary round (group A)
 * Defeated Soviet Union (3-2)
 * Lost to East Germany (2-3)
 * Defeated South Korea (3-1)

 * Semi Finals
 * Lost to Peru (2-3)

 * Final
 * Lost to PR China (0-3) → Fourth place

 * Team roster
 * Yumi Maruyama
 * Kayoko Sugiyama
 * Reiko Takizawa
 * Miyako Yamashita
 * Akemi Sugiyama
 * Ichiko Sato
 * Norie Hiro
 * Kumi Nakada
 * Yukari Kawase
 * Motoko Obayashi
 * Yukiko Takahashi
 * Sachiko Fujita

 * Head coach: Noriyuki Muneuchi

title: Japan at the 1988 Summer Olympics


text: User talk:69.47.133.71

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:69.47.133.71


text:
Scott Savol

Scott Thomas Savol (born April 30, 1976) is an American singer and was the 5th place finalist on the fourth season of American Idol.

Personal life
He was born in Cleveland, Ohio, but lived in Shaker Heights, Ohio. Savol has a son named Brandon. He resides in Cleveland, where Savol continues to sing professionally.

During the American Idol competition, The Smoking Gun reported that Savol had previously been charged with misdemeanor assault for hitting his girlfriend and mother of his son, Michele Martin, with a telephone on February 14, 2001 so hard that the phone broke. Savol pleaded the charge down to disorderly conduct, for which he received probation and was ordered to complete a domestic abuse or anger management class; his girlfriend received a temporary restraining order against him. Idol producers responded that Savol had already disclosed this incident to them and that "considering Scott's honesty and his remorse, the situation did not warrant his disqualification."

American Idol
Savol made it into the final five on Idol and then became the eighth contestant to be voted off the show, on May 4, after singing George Benson's version of "On Broadway" and Brian McKnight's "Everytime You Go Away" during a dual-themed week of songs written by Leiber and Stoller and songs presently on the Billboard charts. During his run on the show, Savol was affectionately dubbed "Scotty the Body" by Idol host Ryan Seacrest.

The fact that Savol outlasted many singers who were often considered superior to him (such as Jessica Sierra, Nikko Smith, Nadia Turner, Anwar Robinson and Constantine Maroulis) led many commentators to speculate that a portion of Savol's "fan base" actually consisted of people who were attempting to destroy the credibility of American Idol by voting for someone they considered the worst finalist. Other people suggested Savol was supported by Christian voters because Savol frequently thanked God after his performances, or by voters who saw him as an underdog or "regular Joe" due to his lack of stereotypical pop star looks. Often, he would draw comparisons to actors Mark Addy and Kevin James.

List of performances on American Idol

 * When Ryan Seacrest announced the results for this particular night, Savol was among the bottom three contestants, but was declared safe when Anwar Robinson was eliminated.

Post Idol
Savol performed for a brief stint at the Lubbock Memorial Civic Center in Lubbock, Texas, as the Cowardly Lion, in Todrick Hall's retelling of The Wizard of Oz. Oz, the Musical sold out both nights. He starred alongside Season Two alumni Rickey Smith as the Tinman, Season 4 alumna Mikalah Gordon as Dorothy, and Vonzell Solomon as Glinda/Aunt Em. He has an upcoming song titled "Don't Rush," produced by Washington, DC based production team The BeatMoguls, that is hitting the airwaves.

In June 2008, Savol starred as one of the headliners for a live music show in Branson, Missouri named "America's Favorite Finalists." The show featured 6 top 12 American Idol Finalists performing their own music, cover songs and group numbers. The show ran at the Grand Palace and was produced by Steve Drummond.

From the summer of 2009 until the spring of 2010, Savol starred as Billy, in Garrett Davis's play The Lord Will Make a Way.

Savol signed with Mahoning Valley Records and began recording his debut album in January 2010, and the album In Spite of All was released late 2011. Producers for the album include Kevin Deane, Sim Stevenson, William B. Smith, Kene Bell and Savol himself. The first single entitled "Beauty Queen", produced by Kene Bell and was released the summer of 2010.

Scott performed in a live music show in Branson, Missouri, named "Finalists Live" in 2012.

title: Scott Savol


text:
Saint-Simon, Québec

Saint-Simon is a municipality in southwestern Quebec, Canada on the Yamaska River in Les Maskoutains Regional County Municipality. The population as of the Canada 2016 Census was 1,413.

Communities

 * Clairveaux-de-Bagot
 * Saint-Georges-de-Bagot
 * Saint-Simon-de-Bagot

title: Saint-Simon, Québec


text:
User talk:Epautz

hi
Hi. I found you in categories of users who can contribute in English and Portuguese. I myself am a native speaker of English, but I'm well on my way to learning Portuguese. Just check out my user page and talk page, and join in any of the discussions. To keep updated, you can even put a watch on my user page, which will automatically watch my talk page. :-) learnportuguese (talk) 17:22, 8 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Epautz


text: User talk:70.49.157.220

title: User talk:70.49.157.220


text:
Pride of the Southland Band

The Pride of the Southland Band is the marching band of the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, Tennessee. The band performs at all Tennessee home football games and some away games. The Pride of the Southland is recognized as one of the nation's top collegiate marching bands.

History
The Pride of the Southland Marching Band has been performing at halftime for more than 110 years, but has existed since 1869 when it was founded as part of the Military Department, forerunner to the school's ROTC program. It is one of the oldest collegiate band programs in the country. Its instrumentation in 1883 was entirely made up of cornets. The band grew to between 13 and 17 members, and in 1892, it was reorganized under Ernest H. Garratt. The band wore West Point-style uniforms like the rest of the cadets in the Military Department and had a more varied repertoire of instruments, including a clarinet.

At the turn of the twentieth century, William A. Knabe was appointed as band director. He was the first “full-time” band director; Garratt had also served as an organist, choirmaster, musical director, and director of the Glee Club. UT won the first (documented) game at which the band performed in 1902.

By 1917, the band had changed to World War I-style uniforms and doubled in size. The band grew along with the military units on campus. By 1935, the band boasted 85 members, but remained all male due to the band’s continued association with the Military Department. In 1937, an all-female contingent called the "Volettes" began performing with the band. Its membership ranged from 50 to 90.

The 1940s brought women into the band. Two of the first women to play with the band were Martha Carroll, who played the lyre, and Marjorie Abbott, a marimba player. By 1946, women outnumbered the male members of the band, due to World War II and the death of male students. By 1949, the band was once again all male, but retained female majorettes. Major Walter Ryba was properties master for the Army and Air Force ROTC at Knoxville and also for the Army ROTC at the UT-Martin campus.

The band members decided to name themselves "Pride of the Southland" on the morning of October 15, 1949, as they stood around on the sidelines at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama, waiting for Alabama's Million Dollar Band, under the direction of "Colonel" Butler, to finish its practice. That afternoon, as the band came out on the field, they were introduced to the 44,000 fans present plus listeners on the radio as "Presenting The University of Tennessee's Pride of the Southland Band under the direction of 'Major' Walter M. Ryba". It was generally felt that Ryba did not know ahead of time that he was receiving a "commission".

In 1961, Tennessee native W J Julian (1922–2015) was hired as an associate professor and director of the UT bands. Under Julian's leadership the band grew in size, prestige, and reputation. The band was removed from the ROTC department and placed under the Music Education Department. Julian designed the band’s navy blue, orange, white, and cream-colored uniforms, which paid homage to the band’s military past and are still in use. Some of the many traditions established under Julian's direction are: the band's signature "Big Orange Sound"; its pregame formations; forming the T for the team to run through; Rocky Top; and Circle Drills, a geometric and kaleidoscopic drill concept from which many drills were derived through his and his immediate successors' tenures.

Julian retired in 1993. Besides representing the state of Tennessee in 13 presidential inaugurations, the band has appeared at the many bowl games the Vol football team has traveled to throughout the nation. Due to Julian's influence, the Pride is one of only two SEC bands with a strutting Big Ten-style drum major.

In March 2007, The Pride traveled to Dublin, Ireland, to play at various concerts and in the St. Patrick's Day Parade.

On October 14, 2013, university officials placed Director of Bands Gary Sousa on administrative leave and removed him from his post after a public confrontation with the UT Athletic Department. Donald Ryder was appointed interim Director of Bands, and Michael Stewart was appointed interim Associate Director. On January 29, 2015, it was announced that Ryder would serve as Director of Bands and W J Julian Professor of Music, and Stewart would serve as Associate Director of Bands. In March 2022, Donald Ryder retired from his position as Director of Bands, and Michael Stewart took his place as the new director of the Pride of the Southland, with Fuller Lyon serving as the Associate Director of Marching & Athletic Bands, and new hire John Zastoupil taking over the title of Director of Bands.

In October 2023, the Pride of the Southland Band debuted a new logo, as well as new uniforms. The uniforms maintained the overall look from the previous sixty-year-old "military style" uniforms, but slightly updated for the modern age. The previous "Block T" on the back cape portion was updated to reflect the Power T that is used across the UT Campus.

Personnel and field presence
The UT Marching Band is an entirely mobile unit; its halftime complement usually includes around 310 wind instruments (necessitated by the optimal number of people to create the geometry of circle drills); a line of non-pitched and indefinite pitched percussion (pitched percussion instruments like bells and xylophones are not utilized, nor is sideline or "pit" percussion); 24 or 32 color guard; 10 majorettes; and one drum major. The UT band customarily enters the field live, playing music from the initial step-off from the sideline; it also exits the field live, most often to the music of the "Tennessee Waltz March."

Pregame
The Pride's pregame show was designed by Julian with musical arrangements by Warren Clark and Barry McDonald. This six-minute-and-forty-five second show has remained largely unchanged since the 1960s. It begins with the drumline starting off a cadence as the band marches onto the field. Then, part of the "Tennessee Waltz March," a march version of the "Tennessee Waltz" in common time, is played as the band forms a block formation. The band then plays the National Anthem in this formation. Then the full version of the "Tennessee Waltz March" followed by, starting in the 2007 season, a march version of Alabama's "Tennessee River", then the "Alma Mater March". As they march back playing the "Alma Mater March," they spell out VOLS. Then the visiting team's fight song is played in the direction of the opposing team's band and student section. After this, the band forms the traditional interlocking "U" and "T" and marches this across the majority of the field accompanied by "Rocky Top". Then the "Power T" is formed while "Spirit of the Hill" is played. Once the "Power T" is formed, all the Vols fans are asked to join in the Volunteer Wave and the crowd spells out "V-O-L-S" and chant "Go Vols Go!" Then the Pride of the Southland's Drum Major runs through the middle of this formation. The band then marches across the field until it reaches the opposite end zone. At this point, "Stars and Stripes Forever" is played and the band forms a large "USA" to the visiting sideline, then inverts the form to face the front sideline. The band then plays "Fight Vols Fight" as they form the giant T formation which then opens up as the football team runs through while "Down the Field" is played. The band then turns and marches off the field to "Fight Vols Fight" while keeping the T formation.

Although the T formation is used almost exclusively at UT home games in Neyland Stadium, it has been done at other venues, most notably at the 1986 and 1991 Sugar Bowl.

Rocky Top

Julian introduced "Rocky Top" in a halftime show in 1972, after which it made its way to the stands. The song has become so closely identified with the Vols that many believe it to be the school's official fight song. Indeed, an early version of the SEC's Web site included a recording of "Rocky Top" as Tennessee's fight song. However, Tennessee's official fight song is "Down the Field."

"Rocky Top" was written by Felice and Boudleaux Bryant in 1967 and recorded by the Osborne Brothers that same year.

Spirit of the Hill
The oldest tradition of the Pride of the Southland comes at the end of every home halftime show where the Pride plays Spirit of the Hill and forms an interlocking UT with the year 1794 or, more recently, on one side of the field a U and on the other side a T, on the field from 2010 to 2015. The year 1794 returned in 2016. This is the longest-lasting tradition of the band dating back more than a hundred years.

Alma Mater
After forming the interlocking UT at the end of every home halftime show, the Pride plays the Alma Mater. UT's Alma Mater was officially adopted in 1928 after a yearlong contest sponsored by the school's musical organizations. A Chattanoogan, Mary Fleming Meek, won the $50 prize with her song entitled "On a Hallowed Hill." Although Mrs. Meek was not an alumna of UT, both her husband, John Lamar Meek, and her son were graduates, and her father was a former trustee of the university. Another tradition of the Pride is to interlock arms and sing the Alma Mater before marching to the stadium for every home football game.

Salute to the Hill
At every home game, the Pride performs the "March to the Stadium", which includes a parade to the bottom of "The Hill", the oldest section of campus, which sits upon the tallest hill next to Neyland Stadium. There the band performs the "Salute to The Hill", a homage to the history and legacy of the University. The parade begins an hour and forty minutes before kickoff.

Presidential inaugurations
With the exception of 2013, Pride of the Southland has represented the state of Tennessee for all presidential inaugurations since 1953, the most of any non-military band.

150th Anniversary
The 2019 football season marked the 150th anniversary of the Pride of the Southland Band. Custom drum heads with the logo shown were placed in the bass drums for all 2019 shows, and a gala was held on Homecoming weekend at the Knoxville Convention Center for alumni and family, with special appearances by Lee Greenwood and the 2019 Pride of the Southland Marching Band.

.

title: Pride of the Southland Band


text:
Talk:Greatest Lovesongs Vol. 666

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title: Talk:Greatest Lovesongs Vol. 666


text: User talk:68.77.244.193

title: User talk:68.77.244.193


text: User:Florapood

title: User:Florapood


text:
Category:Daytime Emmy Award winners

This category is for those individuals who have been awarded a Daytime Emmy Award. This also includes individuals who have won a Lifetime Achievement Daytime Emmy. Those who have won a Primetime Emmy have a separate category Category:Emmy Award winners

title: Category:Daytime Emmy Award winners


text:
Talk:Proctor

Proctoring for students
In the USA, the word Proctor can also mean a person assigned to oversee the educational process of an individual student, synonymous with the word mentor. This is especially common in the Emergency Medical Services field where a Proctor is assigned to an EMT or Paramedic student.

Can anyone guide me as to the best way to include this in the article? Firerescuelieut 20:54, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

Merge of Oxford University Police
I called for this article to be deleted under the "prod" process because it has no verified sources. However on reflection I went back and removed the prod tag and called for it to be merged to Proctor. I was at Oxford for 6 years and never heard of them even though I had a College disciplinary position for 2 years. Google does report that they had been disbanded in 2003 as the article states but I did not find information for the other statements. I would also add that an organisation that no longer exists and does not seem to be widely known even in Oxford is not notable. The article Proctor has a section on the Oxford University Proctors that is tagged as needing updating and seems to be taken from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. That section should be updated and the information on the Police should be merged there. It is quite out of balance for WP to have a separate article on the Police and no up to date information on the Proctors. --Bduke 21:59, 5 January 2007 (UTC)
 * The source for the article is clearly, and they merited a mention here in 2001. They have a few mentions (but not many) in the press. Hard to reconcile it with the 1911 material, or to know how to incorporate it. The only mention of the police appears to be the "sworn constables". Lozleader 00:24, 6 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry but the source for the article is not clearly anything, as the article has no sources. As I say above your first link seems only to say that the Police were disbanded. I do not think it says there were 40 of them or when they were formed. I'm not going to read your 2nd reference of over 30 pages just to find a mention. If you want these to be sources for the article, please add them as sources and be specific about sections, page numbers and so on. There must be more information on the Proctors so it should not be too difficult to rewrite the Oxford section of Proctor. If you are in UK or particularly Oxford, it would be easier for you than for me as I am in Melbourne, Australia. I see no problem about merging material about the Police into the Proctor article if consensus is reached here to do so. --Bduke 00:38, 6 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Ouch! Withdraws slapped wrist. I only said it was clearly the source as it was taken almost word-for-word with a few tense changes. As far as the PDF is concerned its in annex F, page 31. (There is a search facility in acrobat reader). There were forty officers in the force at that date.

Anyhoo, I'm not defending the article, it looks like being very nearly a copyvio as it is, just saying there is a bit of stuff that would allow a rewite, probably a single paragraph. The media mentions seem somewhat contradictory, in summary: Notes the appointment of the first woman constable to Oxford University's "police force"(sic). Samantha Clements is the first woman to don the traditional black bowler hat and dark suit since the Bulldogs appeared outside college gates in 1825. The bowler hats worn by Oxford University Police, believed to be the world's oldest force, are being shelved in a modernisation plan. At the time the force had "5 full-time and 30 part-time officers, known as bulldogs", and were to be given conventional police uniforms. The University Marshal, who was in charge of the force noted they had become an historical anomaly, and the president-elect of the students' union called for their abolition.
 * Charm controls flour of Oxford's youth, The Times, May 27, 1992
 * Oxford bulldogs' bowler is old hat, The Times, May 30, 2000

The article goes on to claim that it is "believed" that the constables had patrolled the streets of Oxford since 1215, making them the oldest police force in England (hmmm) but were only formalised in 1829.

Traders at the Covered Market in Oxford called for the force to be stripped of its powers. The dispute was about the moving on of delivery vehicles in Merton Street. They wrote to the local MP asking for an amendment to the Police Reform Bill to remove the powers enjoyed by the University Police since 1825. The university police had "the same powers as police constables, including the power of arrest, within four miles of any university building".
 * University police branded 'too powerful', Oxford Times, May 22, 2002

The University Force "reckoned to be England's oldest" was abolished at a University Council meeting.Gives the forces establishment date as 1825. They were apparently were still wearing their bowler hats, as one opponent of their abolition stated that "Apart from anything else, the tourists loved their bowler hats".
 * Straw rejoices as Oxford's Bulldogs are put down, Daily Telegraph, October 15, 2002.

Accordng to the Victoria County History of Oxfordshire, Volume IV:
 * The policing of the city was left almost entirely to the university until 1836, when the city corporation established a force, however the university police still had exclusive night time jurisdicytion until 1869, when a joint police committee was formed.
 * The city and university forces were amalgamated in 1869.

There was apparently an Oxford Police Act 1869 (31 7 32 Vict. c.59), and I will see if I can access a copy. I will try and find if there was legislation in 1825 or 1829 (or both). Lozleader 13:23, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

 * My bad: It was the Oxford Police Act 1868 Lozleader 13:31, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

You have done a great job on sources. I did not realise that by the OU Police you mean the Bulldogs. I thought you meant there was a different gtoup of people. I also thought the Bulldogs had no powers and they just did what the proctors told them to do. In other words I thought the power was with the Proctors who toured the streets with the Bulldogs. Now I understand what this is about I am even clearer that is should be merged to Proctor. It should not be too difficult to rewrite it. It looks as if the Cambridge bit has been rewritten. I'll have a go and add your excellent sources to the article too. It may take me a while to get around to it. --Bduke 00:48, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

Historical background for Cambridge proctors
I had to dig out some Cambridge references for the Taxor article - you might find them useful here. - Pointillist (talk) 02:22, 22 March 2009 (UTC)

Citations? Biased language
The section on Cambridge proctors has no citations, and includes the phrase "women of bad character", which is antiquated and misogynist.

Comparable to Rangers?
Would it be fair to compare proctors to rangers in the article? Their roles are very similar in enforcing authority but not the power to detain on a long term. -99.226.203.145 (talk) 04:11, 5 January 2013 (UTC)

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text:
Combo television unit

A combo television unit, or a TV/VCR combo, sometimes known as a televideo, is a television with a VCR, DVD player, or sometimes both, built into a single unit. These converged devices have the advantages (compared to a separate TV and VCR) of saving space and increasing portability. Such units entered the market during the mid-to-late 1980s when VCRs had become ubiquitous household devices. By this time, the VHS format had become standard; thus the vast majority of TV/VCR combos are VHS-based.

Most combo units have composite inputs on the front and/or back to connect a home video game console, a second VCR, a DVD player, or a camcorder. Some units may also include a headphone jack or S-Video inputs.

Though nearly all TV/VCR combination sets have monaural (mono) sound though with stereo soundtrack compatibility, there are a large number of TV/VCR combos with a stereo TV tuner, but a mono VCR (some may even include a mono sound input alongside a composite video input. Some models from Panasonic also included an FM tuner.

When DVDs were released, brands such as Toshiba introduced a TV/DVD/VCR combo. However, many of these units turned out to have unreliable DVD players and never had a large place in the TV market.

Modern televisions tend to be mostly composed of solid state components, while VCRs require physical movement for both the inner workings of the VCR and the actual viewing of a VHS tape. VCRs also tend to require occasional service to upkeep the VCR, including things like cleaning the heads, capstan, and pinch rollers. For this reason, it is not uncommon for the included VCR to cease functioning or to become unreliable years before a similar fate befalls the television component due to lack of easy maintenance.

As late as 2006, flat-panel TVs with integrated DVD players appeared on the market, and integrated TV/DVD sets started overtaking the TV/VCR market. This is due to both the low price and overwhelming availability of DVDs and more compact form factor, as opposed to the increasingly rare video cassettes and near-extinction of cathode ray tube displays in the consumer market. However, in the late 2010s, Smart TVs have become affordable and have been a popular choice for video playback and are considered a modern version of the combo TV.

TV/VCR combos
During the era of their popularity, many of these units displayed product videos in stores or for other commercial displays. The main reason for this was unlike most low-end, standalone VCRs, many included an automatic rewind feature.

TV/Computer combos
Some fully functional computer systems or game consoles have been built into some models of TVs over time. Hewlett-Packard currently has a version of their TouchSmart line of computers with a built-in TV tuner, and even has a built-in DVR; also making it a TV/DVR combo which is a relatively rare concept. As of late 2006, Samsung introduced an LED TV with a proprietary operating system with Internet access to websites like Facebook, YouTube, Hulu, Netflix, and other sites. Other TV/Computer combo equipment can simply just be flatscreen TVs with USB ports which allows USB flash drives and external hard drives to be connected to allow for audio and video playback, in which it can give a streamlined, fully solid-state profile.

Almost every modern day TV sets have simplified CPUs and memory chips for basic functions such as channels and video settings, and video timing for LCD flat panels; however these examples are not sophisticated enough to qualify as significant examples. Other computer parts are used for real-time playback of DVDs on combo TVs with DVD player (and Blu-ray Disc for more high-end models) functionality; however these dedicated functions alone don't qualify as significant examples either.

In the modern day, the distinction between a combo TV and an all-in-one PC have blurred with the modern smart TV concept.

In 2010, Sony introduced a TV with a built-in PlayStation 2.

title: Combo television unit


text:
Talk:Pope Celestine V

Next Pope to resign on own accord?
You say Benedict XVI, so what does this imply about Gregory XII (who became Pope under the condition that he would resign if that could end the Western Schism)? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:1002:B103:1DCC:E933:7F48:26EB:B0AC (talk) 10:31, 1 April 2018 (UTC)

Untitled
What is the basis for this comment: "Despite his brief and disastrous papacy..."? Nothing in the following text suggests there was anything especially disastrous about this papacy. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Storm talk (talk • contribs) 19:45, 26 July 2011 (UTC)

While substantive, the formatting is very poor. It is not grouped into topics or sections, and is more like an essay than a biographical entry. I am not saying I can do better, but with poor formatting and no citations, it is not Wikipedia quality. - Tolstoy143 Quos vult perdere dementat 06:22, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

My guess is that Bingham is a reference to a papal historian; if you look at most of the other entries for the earlier popes they are taken from late 19th-century encyclopedias, which cite these historians. User:FeanorStar7

'Poor but honest'? 'untimely death'? That entry reads more like Danielle Steel than an encyclopedia. It makes the entire article very dubious.

 * And yet it is essentially accurate and consistent with what I know of his life story. A Google search of his Dad's name without the qualifier "but honest" yields virtually nothing. A better description may be possible, but I wouldn't be certain of that considering the limitations of Medieval biography. Still I'll check my, secular, encyclopedia--T. Anthony 23:24, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * There's very little on his family. It looks like the "poor but honest, untimely death" stuff has to say unless we just not mention his family at all. Although I put the modifier "described as."--T. Anthony 23:40, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * His body rests in my town (L'Aquila) and we have lots of sources on him, here. Most sources point to his family name as Angelerio. BTW, most modern commentators of Dante say that Celestine V is not the person mentioned by Dante.
 * --Lou Crazy 19:07, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

I found the following potentially useful source:

--Filll 15:14, 17 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Story of Celestine V. and the founding of the order
 * San Pietro Celestino, Elena Foresti, Journal of the Abruzzo World Club, Year II No. 4, February 2001.

Birth Year
There seems to be some disagreement as to Celestine's birth year. Some have it as 1215, others as 1221, and the Catholic Church has it at 1209. I'm going with 1209 for now, but I would like to see some documentation of that from non-church sources if possible.--Kurtkoeh (talk) 11:12, 7 February 2010 (UTC)

Dante and Celestine V
“Many early commentators thought that [Dante] stigmatized Celestine V. Most later commentators, however, refute such an identification.” An overstatement. Many commentators, early and late, have thought it likely. Some are uncertain, others reject it. But it does have a long tradition behind it and finds a lot of support in the present (e.g. Hollander, Barbara Reynolds, Simonelli, Padoan and many others). In 1986 Pompeo Giannantonio wrote: “All'identificazione con Celestino V ha aderito la maggioranza degli studiosi." Wikipedia ought to say this Ettormo (talk) 20:35, 26 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Just want to point out that Celestine was canonized in 1313, before Inferno was written, and it seems to me unlikely that Dante would place a canonized saint in Hell, not even in the vestibule. On the other hand, Pontius Pilate appears no place else in the entire Divine Comedy, which would seem a very odd omission. Carlo (talk) 14:01, 9 September 2021 (UTC)

Monarchs category
Is there a RS calling him (or popes in general) monarchs? carl bunderson (talk) (contributions) 16:56, 3 August 2010 (UTC)

Source material
A great deal of this entry comes directly from Encyclopedia Britannica. A quick Google search turns up a result at

http://books.google.com/books?id=HKgMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA291&lpg=PA291&dq=celestine+v+infected+air&source=bl&ots=pdwm1WRgHB&sig=uucTxm5tQ7cH0qaFo0HUcwf7ELM&hl=en&ei=DeaPTpm6CMjv0gGxnfAY&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CGYQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=celestine%20v%20infected%20air&f=false

That edition of EB is probably out of copyright, but it needs to be cited nonetheless. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Maskaggs (talk • contribs) 06:03, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

″Abdicated″
Is this appropriate terminology? Over on the papal resignation article, it is specifically stated that it is NEVER referred to as abdication by the church. Similarly, the hotlink should possibly point to the resignation article. Thoughts? Infojunkie23 (talk) 11:53, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

Requested move
Pope Celestine V → Celestine V – Celestine V, acting with papal supremacy, renounced his position as Pope. If the man with absolute authority over the workings of the Church says he is no longer a Pope, it is so. Wikipedia uses current info, and, most recently, this man was not a Pope. Dead Popes remain Popes, because even death does not have the authority to remove this title. InedibleHulk (talk) 17:06, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Oppose, of course. That is absurd. I do not wish to offend anyone, but popes are just humans. Popes who died 700 years ago, on the other hand, are just minerals. If a man titled "pope" had any authority over death, I very much doubt he would ever submit to it by dying. That said, Pope Celestine V's decision is completely irrelevant when it comes to naming an article about him. He is known to history as Pope Celestine V, not as a hermit and prisoner. Surtsicna (talk) 17:38, 11 February 2013 (UTC)
 * I didn't mean a Pope can choose not to die. I mean death cannot formally strip the papacy from a Pope, but that Pope can renounce it himself. And I am not suggesting we title the article Hermit Celestine V. The content of the article would remain as is, with weight on his papacy. Remember, "When there are several names for a subject, all of them fairly common, and the most common has problems, it is perfectly reasonable to choose one of the others." InedibleHulk (talk) 17:46, 11 February 2013 (UTC)
 * The problem with the move request is that there is no problem with the present title. He was a pope. He then ceased to be a pope. Since there was no pope anymore, a new one was elected. The former pope eventually died. He is dead now and has been so for the past seven centuries. Pope John Paul II was a pope. He then died and thus ceased to be a pope. Since there was no pope anymore, a new one was elected. Both Celestine V and John Paul II used to be popes but both ceased to hold the office and neither of them is pope anymore. Henry VIII is certainly no longer king of England, not only because there is no such kingdom anymore, but also because he ceased to be its king when he died. John F. Kennedy, who died as president of the United States, is no more a president than Richard Nixon, who resigned and eventually died. Kennedy is also no more a president than George W. Bush, whose term expired and who is still alive.
 * Moving the article would create an ugly inconsistency with articles in Category:Popes and what for? Surtsicna (talk) 18:03, 11 February 2013 (UTC)
 * To acknowledge his official declaration that he wasn't a Pope, and to address the "Precision" part of the article naming criteria. InedibleHulk (talk) 18:12, 11 February 2013 (UTC)
 * As noted and explained above in great detail, there is nothing imprecise about the present title. Surtsicna (talk) 18:15, 11 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Question: I'm curious: do you know of any sources showing that he declared that he had never been the Pope rather than that he was merely resigning or abdicating? —Neil 19:28, 11 February 2013 (UTC)
 * No, I just worded that poorly. He declared he was no longer a Pope. And he still isn't. He certainly was, for a few months. But for the past 718 years, he hasn't been. InedibleHulk (talk) 19:49, 11 February 2013 (UTC)
 * That is an interesting question, but even if he did deny ever being pope, I doubt that would change anything. Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard were specifically stripped of their queenly title and, as far as law is concerned, they were never queens. Nevertheless, Wiki articles appropriately describe them as 16th cnetury queens. Surtsicna (talk) 19:45, 11 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Sure, but they were stripped by outside forces who held different opinions to their own. A renunciation is different, I think. More absolute to give something away than to have it taken unwillingly. InedibleHulk (talk) 19:55, 11 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Neither of them opposed the decision to strip them of their titles. Besides, this is all irrelevant. To claim that a 1294 renunciation has any effect on how we should refer to someone in 2013 is absurd. Celestin V, Edward VIII and William I, are examples of princes who are known to history by the title they renounced. Surtsicna (talk) 20:16, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Oppose per general convention of naming abdicated Popes and abdicated monarchs by their highest title not their final one. Timrollpickering (talk) 19:18, 11 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose. If his abdication of the papacy had revoked his papal name, he would be "Pietro Angelerio", not "Celestine V". bd2412  T 23:05, 11 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes, but his WP:COMMONNAME would still be Celestine V. I see no reason why he'd have to give up his papal name, though. InedibleHulk (talk) 00:27, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Oppose, illogical. Everyking (talk) 00:18, 12 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose. He is notable because he was the Pope. The fact that he later ceased to be the Pope is completely irrelevant.--Srleffler (talk) 02:50, 12 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose per Timrollpickering. Current system is fine, no need for changing it.--Staberinde (talk) 10:36, 12 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose based on the long-standing conventions for monarchs. Canon law does not govern Wikipedia. 50.136.204.189 (talk) 13:49, 12 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Snowball close. It seemed evident to me at "because even death does not have the authority to remove this title". Peter Isotalo 20:34, 12 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Go for it, then I have a point, but consensus is what it is. InedibleHulk (talk) 20:40, 12 February 2013 (UTC)
 * weak support by analogy with Richard Nixon: he resigned too, but his article isn't called President Richard Nixon even though it's customary to use the title for former US presidents even when they're no longer in office. Rybec (talk) 23:29, 13 February 2013 (UTC)
 * That doesn't make sense. Titles of articles about presidents never contain the word "President", especially not titles of articles about US presidents. It has nothing to do with his resignation. Surtsicna (talk) 23:38, 13 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose, abdicated or died in office, it doesn't matter, he still served as pope. PS: Note that we've got Edward VIII & not Edward, Duke of Windsor. GoodDay (talk) 04:10, 14 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose. He's clearly best-known for being a pope. -- Necrothesp (talk) 12:18, 15 February 2013 (UTC)

Contradiction tag
The source cited in the papacy section (a Washington Post article) says that Celestine issued the canon for resignation after five months in office. The lead, citing the History channel says it was one of his first decrees. I have tried to remove the latter claim and restore earlier text and this has been reverted twice. Well, they can't both be true. 50.136.204.189 (talk) 09:57, 1 March 2013 (UTC)

 * There's an easy solution to this, name the source that contradicts them and cite them both as a contradiction in reporting and who is saying what. Hell In A Bucket (talk) 10:48, 1 March 2013 (UTC)

 * He only issued a handful of decrees. Depending where you draw the line for "one of" the first, his last could reasonably also be one of his first. Sometimes things are both the very first and very last, not either. InedibleHulk (talk) 11:08, 1 March 2013 (UTC)

 * He issued a lot of decrees, most of them bad. That was the problem. Boniface VIII only recognized a few of them. It doesn't make much sense that he would issue a canon of resignation, then talk to Boniface about whether it was possible for him to resign. I don't consider this a matter of POV, but rather of relying on a source (the History channel) whose main objective is grabbing an audience and has done some controversial things to that end. 50.136.204.189 (talk) 22:38, 1 March 2013 (UTC)
 * I'll admit, I was just counting the ones mentioned in this article. I figure if there are seven or more, the last one shouldn't reasonably count as one of the first. I don't see it in the article, so I guess that's fixed. But yeah, History (and its sisters) should always be taken with a grain of salt. It's not all BS, but mainly for amusement. InedibleHulk (talk) 10:30, 3 March 2013 (UTC)

 * I just made an edit in an attempt to clarify this controversy. I didn't realize there was an ongoing discussion on the talk page until after I had already made the edit. I don't wish to step on anyone's toes, but I do believe the The Catholic Encyclopedia is a more reliable source with respect to this particular issue than the History Channel. DiverDave (talk) 05:28, 3 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Yep. InedibleHulk (talk) 10:30, 3 March 2013 (UTC)

Canonized by Pope Boniface VIII?!?!?!
Under sainthood on right right panel, It says that Celestine V was canonized by Pope Boniface VIII. And, on top of that, in 1313? Didn't Pope Boniface VIII died in 1303? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.190.9.9 (talk) 12:43, 31 May 2013 (UTC)

Date papacy began
The article says his papacy began on July 5, 1294. At least two online versions of the Catholic Encyclopedia—one here and one here—say he was "elected" that day but "consecrated and crowned" on August 29. Given the word "consecrated", I'm thinking that "crowned" in this sense is like the inauguration of a US president, not like the coronation of a British monarch: that is, his term of office began then, not on the date of election. This is sort of confirmed by this article, which says he was pope for only 3 months.

Based on this reasoning it sounds to me as though August 29 is the correct date. Unless someone has a more reliable source to cite, that is, or one clearly starting that the date of election is the right date to use. I'm no expert in papal history, so I'm just tagging the July 5 date as "dubious".

--70.49.171.136 (talk) 13:01, 30 June 2015 (UTC)

 * Added note: in fact, the article itself gives the two dates, down in the body. I was only looking at the lead before. --70.49.171.136 (talk) 13:03, 30 June 2015 (UTC)

 * Another poster removed the "dubious" tags after adding a citation for the date of election. That's not the issue I'm raising; the question is whether he became pope immediately when elected or if it happened when he was "consecrated and crowned".  I'm restoring the tags. --70.49.171.136 (talk) 04:07, 1 July 2015 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia is written using reliable secondary sources.
 * I have secondary sources stating he was pope from 5 July - 13 December 1294.
 * Heresies of the High Middle Ages, by Walter Leggett Wakefield, Austin Patterson Evans, Columbia University Press, page 759.
 * Between Church and State: The Lives of Four French Prelates in the Late , by Bernard Guenée, University of Chicago Press, 52-53
 * Giotto and his Publics, by Julian Gardner, Harvard University Press, 134.
 * The Pope's Body, by Agostino Paravicini-Bagliani, University of Chicago Press, 145.
 * A History of the Crusades: The later Crusades, 1189-1311, edited by R. L. Wolff, H. W. Hazard, Kenneth Meyer Setton, University of Pennsylvania Press, 795.
 * You should have read both versions of the Catholic Encyclopedia thoroughly, "It is wonderful how many serious mistakes the simple old man crowded into five short months.". So even both tertiary sources state he was Pope for 5 months. This concern of yours appears to be quite singular. --Kansas Bear (talk) 22:31, 1 July 2015 (UTC)

 * Okay, I think that settles it. Sorry to have been so, ah, singular.  (Formerly 70.49.171.136) --174.88.133.209 (talk) 03:04, 3 July 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Pope Celestine V


text: User talk:69.140.81.61

title: User talk:69.140.81.61


text:
Saint-Liboire

Saint-Liboire (or Saint-Liboire-de-Bagot) is a municipality in the municipalité régionale de comté des Maskoutains in Québec, Canada, located in the administrative region of Montérégie. The population as of the 2011 Canadian Census was 3,051.

History
Before the foundation of Saint-Liboire, the actual town territory was included in the Seigneurie de Ramezay given to Claude de Ramezay near 1710.

The village municipality was founded in 1857 with the purpose to offer more arable lands to the Catholic colonists coming from the Saint-Hyacinthe region.

It became the chief town of Bagot County.

Reading suggestion
The book Centenaire de Saint-Liboire, 20-24 juin 1957 : album-souvenir, 1857-1957 written by Dollard Boucher and Armand Laliberté, and is available at the Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec.

title: Saint-Liboire


text: User talk:81.240.6.242

title: User talk:81.240.6.242


text:
Abu Zayd al-Balkhi

Abu Zayd Ahmed ibn Sahl Balkhi was a Persian Muslim polymath: a geographer, mathematician, physician, psychologist and scientist. Born in 850 CE in Shamistiyan, in the province of Balkh, Greater Khorasan, he was a disciple of al-Kindi. He also founded the "Balkhī school" of terrestrial mapping in Baghdad. Al-Balkhi is believed to have been the first to diagnose that mental illness can have psychological and physiological causes and he was the first to typify four types of emotional disorders: fear and anxiety; anger and aggression; sadness and depression; and obsessions.

Biography
al-Balkhi was born in 849CE in a small village called Shamisitiyan, in an area called Balkh which is now part of Afghanistan. As a young man, around the time of al-Kindi's death, al-Balkhi traveled to Iraq.

At this time Islamic culture was making strong efforts to absorb the knowledge of previous civilisations, and having its own culltural flowering. This period is sometimes termed the Islamic Golden Age.

al-Balkhi spent eight years in Iraq. One of his teachers was philosopher Abū Yūsof alKendī.

He returned to Balḵ and began teaching what he had learned. Ahmad ibn Sahl, the ruler of Balkh and its surroundings, offered him both a writing and a ministerial position and al-Balkh accepted the former and declined the latter. The king respected his decision and rewarded him handsomely.

al-Balkhi later traveled to Baghdad again, before returning to Balkh for the last time and staying there until his death in 934 CE.

Personal characteristics
al-Balkhi had a reserved and isolated character, leading scholars to have a lack of knowledge on his personal life.

According to Abu Muhammad al-Hassan ibn al-Waziri, one of his students, al-Balkhi's face was covered in scars that he acquired during an episode of smallpox.

Works
Of the many books ascribed to him in the al-Fihrist by Ibn al-Nadim, one can note The Excellency of Mathematics and his On Certitude in Astrology. His Figures of the Climates (Suwar al-aqalim) consisted chiefly of geographical maps. He also wrote the medical and psychological work, Masalih al-Abdan wa al-Anfus (Sustenance for Body and Soul).

A modern scholar describes the bulk of his works as "more than 60 books and manuscripts, meticulously researching disciplines as varied in scope as geography, medicine, theology, politics, philosophy, poetry, literature, Arabic grammar, astrology, astronomy, mathematics, biography, ethics, sociology as well as others."

Figures of the Regions
His Figures of the Regions (Suwar al-aqalim) consisted chiefly of geographical maps. It led to him founding the "Balkhī school" of terrestrial mapping in Baghdad. The geographers of this school also wrote extensively of the peoples, products, and customs of areas in the Muslim world, with little interest in the non-Muslim realms.

Sustenance for Bodies and Souls
The second part of this manuscript is known as Sustenance for the Soul.

Principles of Interaction
His balance between technical terminology and common ethical sense could be found in his monograph where he talks about the interaction between the elements of the body, seasons, and the traditional "non-natural" health elements, such as food and sleep.

Mental health and mental illness
In Islamic psychology, the concepts of mental health and "mental hygiene" were introduced by Abu Zayd al-Balkhi, who often related it to spiritual health. In his Masalih al-Abdan wa al-Anfus (Sustenance for Body and Soul), he was the first to successfully discuss diseases related to both the body and the soul. He used the term al-Tibb al-Ruhani to describe spiritual and psychological health, and the term Tibb al-Qalb to describe mental medicine.

He criticized many medical doctors in his time for placing too much emphasis on physical illnesses and neglecting the psychological or mental illnesses of patients, and argued that "since man’s construction is from both his soul and his body, therefore, human existence cannot be healthy without the ishtibak [interweaving or entangling] of soul and body." He further argued that "if the body gets sick, the nafs [psyche] loses much of its cognitive and comprehensive ability and fails to enjoy the desirous aspects of life" and that "if the nafs gets sick, the body may also find no joy in life and may eventually develop a physical illness."

Al-Balkhi traced back his ideas on mental health to verses of the Qur'an and hadiths attributed to Muhammad, such as:

"'In their hearts is a disease.'"

"'Truly, in the body there is a morsel of flesh, and when it is corrupt the body is corrupt, and when it is sound the body is sound. Truly, it is the qalb [heart].'"

"'Verily Allah does not consider your appearances or your wealth in (appraising you) but He considers your hearts and your deeds.'"

Cognitive and medical psychology and cognitive therapy
Abu Zayd al-Balkhi was the first to differentiate between neurosis and psychosis, and the first to classify neurotic disorders and pioneer cognitive therapy in order to treat each of these classified disorders. He classified neurosis into four emotional disorders: fear and anxiety, anger and aggression, sadness and depression, and obsession. He further classified three types of depression: normal depression or sadness (huzn), endogenous depression originating from within the body, and reactive clinical depression originating from outside the body. He also wrote that a healthy individual should always keep healthy thoughts and feelings in his mind in the case of unexpected emotional outbursts in the same way drugs and First Aid medicine are kept nearby for unexpected physical emergencies. He stated that a balance between the mind and body is required for good health and that an imbalance between the two can cause sickness. Al-Balkhi also introduced the concept of reciprocal inhibition (al-ilaj bi al-did), which was re-introduced over a thousand years later by Joseph Wolpe in 1969.

Psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine
The Muslim physician Abu Zayd al-Balkhi was a pioneer of psychotherapy, psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine. He recognized that the body and the soul can be healthy or sick, or "balanced or imbalanced", and that mental illness can have both psychological and/or physiological causes. He wrote that imbalance of the body can result in fever, headaches and other physical illnesses, while imbalance of the soul can result in anger, anxiety, sadness and other mental symptoms.

Depression
al-Balkhi recognized two types of depression:
 * one caused by known reasons such as loss or failure, which can be treated psychologically through both external methods (such as persuasive talking, preaching and advising) and internal methods (such as the "development of inner thoughts and cognitions which help the person get rid of his depressive condition"); and
 * the other caused by unknown reasons such as a "sudden affliction of sorrow and distress, which persists all the time, preventing the afflicted person from any physical activity or from showing any happiness or enjoying any of the pleasures". He thought this was caused by physiological reasons (such as impurity of the blood) and could be treated through physical medicine.

He also wrote comparisons between physical disorders with mental disorders, and showed how psychosomatic disorders can be caused by certain interactions between them.

Phobias
Abu Zayd al-Balkhi initially wrote about phobia in the 9th century, calling it Fazaa'. As of today, it is still defined in a similar manner as to what was described by al-Balkhi. Al-Balkhi details the disorder as an extreme type of fear that results in the anxiety levels of a person spiking due to increasing the depth of blood in the body. This causes the person to become shaky and disoriented, preventing them from making decisions in a timely manner. Rather than taking medicine or proceeding with blood letting, which were common methods to help an individual, he suggested gradual exposure to the object or situation that caused the fear. This technique was known as reyadat al-nafs.

OCD
al-Balkhi differentiated OCD from other forms of mental illness.

Knowledge of the cause
al-Balkhi quotes a saying that "most of the terror comes from anticipation of the terror" and advocates being informed and realistic about the true nature of a concern.

Exposure therapy
He advocates 'forcing oneself to repeatedly expose one's hearing and sight to noxious things' and to 'moved again and again near the thing it is scared of until it becomes used to it and loses its fear.

Core emotions
al-Balkhi wrote that anxiety and distress were at the core of all harmful emotional symptoms (e.g. anger) and that happiness and joyfulness were the root cause of all positive emotional states (e.g. tranquility, pleasure and delight).

Sexual attributes
While the topic of sex is more widely discussed today, al-Balkhi explored the subject in detail, specifically various sexual attributes and the affects that they have on an individual. A specific talking point that he mentioned in his work was the act of remaining abstinent. By doing so, an individual subjects themself to physical ailments, since the act is deemed by him to be "unnatural". He also recommended a specific diet and to abstain from taking medications that were believed to enhance sexuality as a means to treat sexual impotence.

Politics
In a collection of works by the 10th-century al-Tawhidi, al-Balkhi describes politics as an art that aims to contribute to the rise of a country. Furthermore, he mentions five separate sources that play into the overall outcome of politics. These include the tangible cause as corresponding to the subjects' affairs, the official reason as to the overall well-being of the people, the driving force as "the ruler’s concern for the affairs of his subjects", the purpose as the preservation of public welfare, as well as the instrumental cause consisting of using "incitement and intimidation" to achieve the goal.

title: Abu Zayd al-Balkhi


text:
Centrosaurus

Centrosaurus (lit. 'pointed lizard') is a genus of centrosaurine ceratopsian dinosaur from Campanian age of Late Cretaceous Canada. Their remains have been found in the Dinosaur Park Formation, dating from 76.5 to 75.5 million years ago.

Discovery and naming
The first Centrosaurus remains were discovered and named by paleontologist Lawrence Lambe in strata along the Red Deer River in Alberta. The name Centrosaurus means "pointed lizard" (from Greek kentron, κέντρον, "point" and sauros, σαῦρος, "lizard") and refers to, the series of small hornlets placed along the margin of their frills, not the nasal horns (which were unknown when the dinosaur was named). The genus is not to be confused with the stegosaur Kentrosaurus, the name of which is derived from the same Greek word.

Later, vast bonebeds of Centrosaurus were found in Dinosaur Provincial Park, also in Alberta. Some of these beds extend for hundreds of meters and contain thousands of individuals of all ages and all levels of completion. Scientists have speculated that the high density and number of individuals would be explained if they had perished while trying to cross a flooded river. A discovery of thousands of Centrosaurus fossils near the town of Hilda, Alberta, is believed to be the largest bed of dinosaur bones ever discovered. The area is now known as the Hilda mega-bonebed.

Because of the variation between species and even individual specimens of centrosaurines, there has been much debate over which genera and species are valid, particularly whether Centrosaurus and/or Monoclonius are valid genera, undiagnosable, or possibly members of the opposite sex. In 1996, Peter Dodson found enough variation between Centrosaurus, Styracosaurus, and Monoclonius to warrant separate genera and that Styracosaurus resembled Centrosaurus more closely than either resembled Monoclonius. Dodson believed one species of Monoclonius, M. nasicornus, may actually have been a female Styracosaurus. His assessments have been partially followed, with other researchers not accepting Monoclonius nasicornus as a female Styracosaurus or Monoclonius as a valid genus. While sexual dimorphism has been proposed for a more basal ceratopsian, Protoceratops, there is no firm evidence for sexual dimorphism in any ceratopsid. Others have synonymized C. nasicornus with C. apertus, or considered it a separate Centrosaurus species: Centrosaurus nasicornus. It has also been suggested as the direct ancestor of Styracosaurus albertensis. A 2014 study of changes during growth in Centrosaurus concluded that C. nasicornus is a junior synonym of C. apertus, representing a middle growth stage.

The species C. brinkmani, described in 2005, was moved to the new genus Coronosaurus in 2012.

Description
Centrosaurus were large dinosaurs, although not as large as some of their relatives, reaching 5 - 5.5 m long and 2 - 2.5 MT in body mass situated atop stocky limbs. Like other centrosaurines, Centrosaurus bore a single large horn over their noses. These horns curved forwards or backwards depending on the specimen. Skull ornamentation was reduced as animals aged. The frill was relatively short compared to the total skull length and could grow to over half a meter (68.8 cm) long in the oldest and largest adults.

Centrosaurus is distinguished by having two large hornlets which hook forwards over the frill. A pair of small upwards directed horns is also found over the eyes. The frills of Centrosaurus were moderately long, with fairly large fenestrae and small hornlets along the outer edges.

Classification
The genus Centrosaurus gives its name to the Centrosaurinae subfamily. Its closest relatives appear to be Styracosaurus and Monoclonius. It so closely resembles the latter of these that some paleontologists have considered them to represent the same animal. Other members of the Centrosaurinae subfamily include Pachyrhinosaurus, Avaceratops, Einiosaurus, Albertaceratops, and Achelousaurus.

The cladogram presented below represents a phylogenetic analysis by Chiba et al. (2017):

Paleobiology
Like other ceratopsids, the jaws of Centrosaurus were adapted to shear through tough plant material. The discovery of gigantic bone beds of Centrosaurus in Canada suggest that they were gregarious animals and could have traveled in large herds. A bone bed composed of Centrosaurus and Styracosaurus remains is known from the Dinosaur Park Formation in what is now Alberta. The mass deaths may have been caused by otherwise non-herding animals gathering around a waterhole during a drought. Centrosaurus is found lower in the formation than Styracosaurus, indicating that Centrosaurus was displaced by Styracosaurus as the environment changed over time. The large frills and nasal horns of the ceratopsians are among the most distinctive facial adornments of all dinosaurs. Their function has been the subject of debate since the first horned dinosaurs were discovered. Common theories concerning the function of ceratopsian frills and horns include defense from predators, combat within the species, and visual display. A 2009 study of Triceratops and Centrosaurus skull lesions found that bone injuries on the skulls were more likely caused by intraspecific combat (horn-to-horn combat) rather than predatory attacks. The frills of Centrosaurus were too thin to be used for defense against predators, although the thicker, solid frills of Triceratops might have evolved to protect their necks. The frills of Centrosaurus were most likely used "for species recognition and/or other forms of visual display".

Paleopathology
A specimen of Centrosaurus apertus recovered from Dinosaur Provincial Park in 1989 was discovered to have crippling osteosarcoma in its right fibula. Examination of the cancerous lesions in the bone suggest the cancer had reached an aggressive stage. The cancer would have resulted in a severe limp that would have made the ceratopsian more vulnerable to predation. However, the fact that it was part of a herd allowed the Centrosaurus to survive much longer than would be expected for an animal infected with such severe disease. The individual itself is believed to have died from drowning in the flash flood that created the Centrosaurus bone bed where it was found. The specimen remains one of the few dinosaur specimens found with severe cancer.

Paleobiogeography
Thomas M. Lehman has observed that Centrosaurus fossils haven't been found outside of southern Alberta even though they are among the most abundant Judithian dinosaurs in the region. Large herbivores like the ceratopsians living in North America during the Late Cretaceous had "remarkably small geographic ranges" despite their large body size and high mobility. This restricted distribution strongly contrasts with modern mammalian faunas whose large herbivores' ranges "typical[ly] ... span much of a continent."

title: Centrosaurus


text:
User talk:Ilovecameron

HEY!!! howz it goin peeps?

title: User talk:Ilovecameron


text:
Tubu, Botswana

Tubu is a village in North-West District of Botswana, 10 kilometers due east of Gumare village. It is located close to the Okavango Delta, it has a primary school, a clinic and electricity. The population was 392 in 2001 census.

It is a gateway to cattle posts and farms for many of the settlers in the area and hence the village sees and increase in population during ploughing season.

title: Tubu, Botswana


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791

Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791
Mostly a self-nom (I just have to thank logologist for translating my writing into beautiful English :D). One of my shorther works (yep, I am afraid it is below the 32kb treshold), I think it is still pretty comprehensive. As always, I appreciate your comments (PR, to little suprise, seems pretty quiet to my comment requests anyway). Assuming this passes FAC, I would like to propose this for 3rd May main page :) --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 00:52, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Could we shorten the title to just say Polish Constitution of 1791? Or is it conventional to call it by the full date? Everyking 01:13, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The usual name of the constitution is 'Constitution of the Thrid May'. I think adding country and name to the title doesn't hurt much. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 10:50, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Damn near every hit on google uses the current name. →Raul654 22:49, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. Neutrality: I am uneasy with the declarative and unequivocal stance taken regarding intentions in the introduction and article; is there no disagreement on those? I specifically see a number of passages as representing one point of view or lacking attribution/statement of opinion as fact:
 * I don't know what 'intentionts' you have in mind, but I will reply to all specific objections below: --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 10:50, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I mean the way in which the Constituion's goals and the intentions of neighbors hostile to it are stated as absolute fact; it struck me as very strong, and not knowing anything about the topic I as a reader was a little on-edge for bias after that. Perhaps that's accurate, I don't know--I don't object anyway. 119 18:39, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * As far as I know - and I have found no sources to contradict this - this is correct. Btw, do you object or don't you? I am confused here...--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 19:12, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't, it was a comment. 119 20:41, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Ummm, but it sais object above - on your FA comment - or are we speaking about two different things? --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 21:19, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * "The magnates looked after their own interests and not for the good of the nation."
 * I can't find that very sentence in the text, but it is an undisputable fact - i.e. stated in every single source I can find, from Polish history books (pre and post communist) to English sources like Davies book in references or various external links. I suppose the above sentence - if it were in the text - could be changed to 'majority of the magnates', as there were always notable exceptions. The gist of it is, however, correct - feel free to show me sources proving me wrong, though.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 10:50, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * "It is often stated that a principal cause of the Commonwealth's downfall was the peculiar institution of the liberum veto..." Can you be more specific on who states that?
 * Found it, rest is as above. Most of the given references will mention this. In such case I don't think I need to footnote the sentece to the several references - or rather all of the refence section? If you think the sentence should be rewritten due to weasel wording, feel free to do so. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 10:50, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Not a footnote, but attribution in the sentence itself would fix any weasel words. Below, the text states that the nobility was ignorant--that is an opinion without attribution. 119 18:39, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * As I wrote, I can attribute it to all and any of the references. It is a fact. The liberum veto, this is. The word ignorant has also been replaced to make it less 'personal', but all of the facts you mention are, I repeat again, repeated in every single source I can find. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 19:12, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not challenging the accuracy of what you have, here or in points below. But that the principal cause of the Commonwealth's downfall was liberum veto is an interpretation, an opinion. So who argues this should be attributed. I'm only asking that "It is often stated" be replaced with "[X] states that", even if it is broadly "Historians agree that...". 119 20:41, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Glad we are getting somewhere. I have changed the sentence (and several others you mention) to 'historians....'. Since in all those cases I cannot find a single source that would say otherwise, I think that it is not a weasel usage, but a normal NPOV statement. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 21:19, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * "deputues bribed by magnates, foreign powers, or simply ignorant and believing they were living in the 'Golden Era'"
 * As above. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 10:50, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * "Despite courageous protests"
 * Well, what is wrong with that? There were protests, protesters faced the risk of being beaten/dying and such, and they are regarded as 'heroes' by any source I can find, again including all the references. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 10:50, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It's without attribution though; we are saying the protests were courageous, but that's taking one opinion as fact. If what you mean is that Poles at the time or now regard them as courageous protests, then I think it should be attributed. 119 18:39, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, I removed the 'courageous' adjective. Not that important here. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 21:19, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * "which can be regarded as the pre-constitution"
 * I can't find this sentence in the text, it seems to have been removed already. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 10:50, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * "The Uprising defeat was inevitable in face of gigantic numerical superiority of the three invading empires."
 * Again - as above (referenced in many sources). Besides, I can't see what is objectionable in this sentence? --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 10:50, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It's an opinion. Was their defeat inevitable? I'm looking for attribution. "Historians consider the Uprising's defeat to have been inevitable..." 119 18:39, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, I have yet to find a work dealing with the uprising which would say it had a chance of success. Of course, this is not a counterfactual history discussion, isn't it? Do suggest how you would rewrite the sentence. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 19:12, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I do not dispute the accuracy of your summary, but its content is an opinion which should be attributed under NPOV. Above I suggested something like ""Historians consider the Uprising's defeat to have been inevitable...", which changes its meaning from 'Wikipedia's editors say that this interpretation is accurate', to 'historians generally say that this interpretation is accurate'. 119 20:41, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Changed, as per your suggestion. 'Historians...' --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 21:19, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * "an amazingly progressive document for its time"
 * Again, as above. Ok, it is a strong endorement, but it is not only my personal opinion, but a statement of the given references. Feel free to show me sources contradicting me and stating it was a minor, unimportant and normal document for its times and I will change the above sentence. Still, I agree it is perhaps a bit too much, I have replaced 'amazingly' with 'very'. Is it better now? --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 10:50, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * However it is worded, it is an opinion and I think should be attributed. 119 18:39, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Should I attribute every single sentence? This was never a FA requirement, and it is rather ridiculus. Constitution is praised - in various phrases - in every source I can find. Should I toss a coin and attribute it to random reference? --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 19:12, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I think you are misrepresenting my argument. No, not everything need be attributed, but opinions must be according to NPOV. To clarify, I do not mean that "attributed" involves showing a reference, proving a fact, but rather saying who holds this opinion. 119 20:41, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I see. You have a point, glad we could make it past the initial confusion. I think I fixed it now: 'recognised by political scientists as'. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 21:19, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * "Russian Empress Catherine was furious to see the effects of the Constitution"
 * She wasn't happy, that's for sure. Perhaps furious is a too strong word, again, though. How do you suggest we change it? --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 10:50, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Can you factually state how she was said to be angry, what she did or said as a result? 119 18:39, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't recall the details, but several sources state so. For example, here is an online source that you can check and which states that. Or borrow one of the referenced books. Or show me a reference proving me wrong. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 19:12, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I was just thinking of contentious articles like George W. Bush, where saying he was "furious" would likely result in an edit war over the 'truth' over what is really a hard thing to qualify, his emotions. So I think it is best to show how she was "furious" rather than simply characterising her reaction as that. But it's perhaps an overreaction, I'll strike it. 119 20:41, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * "It should be remembered that the contemporaneous United States Constitution sanctioned the continuation of slavery." I don't understand how this is relevant to the footnoted section? To me, it appears to have been included only to say that the Polish Constitution was progressive.
 * I left it from the time before I begun rewritting the article, but it does seem useful. After all, it is a note to the sentence which states that peasants were not given equal rights under the constitution - it seems logical to show that the only other contemporary constitution similarly limited political power of some other social class. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 10:50, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The footnoted main text says that the May 3rd constitution took steps towards the enfranchisement of serfs, then the footnote states "It should be remembered" that the United States sanctioned slavery. There's no comparison in the main text or footnote, no explanation of relevancy--I don't see what this is supposed to do but subtly advocate an opinion that the May 3rd constitution was progressive. 119 18:39, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, it was (don't think so? give me your source). I really don't understand your arguments. If you think the phrasing is somehow misleading, rephrase it. If you think the facts are wrong, give me the sources. You have yet to propose a single improvement. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 19:12, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Whether it was progressive or not is an opinion. If you disagree on that, can you explain? I do not understand how this sentence contrasting the United States' sanctioning of slavery with Poland's enfranchisement of serfs serves any purpose but showing the document to be progressive. If this is its purpose, it would be an original argument and also not neutral. If this is not its purpose, then perhaps the relevance of this sentence to the article should be explained. 119 20:41, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Let me explain what I want to achieve, and then you can help me reword it. I want to show that both contemporary constitutions did not enfranchise all adult population (male): while US excluded slaves, Polish excluded serfs. Perhaps it is because I try to include in the very same paragraph the notion that nonetheless May constitution improved serfs fate (by limiting serfdom and such, compared to pre-May Constitution times) this becames unclear? --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 21:19, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I think I misunderstood then. I think the footnote should be expanded to show its relevance, but this is not an objection I have now. 119 03:56, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I expanded the note, just in case, to avoid any future confusion. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 10:11, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 119 03:25, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Support. 119 03:56, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * comment support could we please have more inline citations which allow us to work out in which reference to look up different facts for verification. Mozzerati 05:49, 2005 Apr 27 (UTC)
 * It could be done. Do you have any specific parts you would like to see such changes in? --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 10:03, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Halibutt 17:50, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Balcer 01:01, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support logologist 11:54, 1 May 2005 (UTC)


text:
Bagha Purana

Bagha Purana or Bhagha Purana is a city and a Municipal Council in Moga district in the state of Punjab, India.

The town
Bagha Purana lies on the main road connecting Moga and Faridkot and thus is a major hub for buses to all across Punjab. BaghaPurana's police station has the largest jurisdiction in Punjab as a chain of over 65 "pinds" or villages are within its control. The town is divided into 3 'pattis' or sections: Muglu Patti (biggest one), Bagha Patti, and Purana Patti. The town has its fair share of rich people and thus the standard of living is above average as compared to the surrounding towns and villages.

Demographics
India census, Bagha Purana Municipal Council has population of 25,206 of which 13,288 are males while 11,918 are females.

Population of Children with age of 0-6 is 2764 which is 10.97% of total population of Bagha Purana. In Bagha Purana, Female Sex Ratio is of 897 against state average of 895. Moreover, Child Sex Ratio in Bagha Purana is around 839 compared to Punjab state average of 846. Literacy rate of Bagha Purana city is 76.13% higher than state average of 75.84%. In Bagha Purana, Male literacy is around 79.25% while female literacy rate is 72.67%.

Bagha Purana was a small village till the early 70s primarily consisting of three pattis namely Bagha Patti, Purana Patti and Mughlu Patti. This small village located on the intersection of Moga-Kotkapura road and Mudki-Nihal Singh Wala road got prominence after a Government Polytechnic was established, a few kilometers away. Thereafter it became a trade center of the villages around it and developed into a small town. The village got a status of town when a Nagar Panchayat (smallest form of urban local self-government unit) was formed in 1974 which was upgraded to a Municipal Council, a few years ago. In 2000, it got the status of a sub-division headquarters which facilitated the establishment of all tehsil-level offices of the Government.

Earlier, the majority of the population thrived on agriculture, as such most of the other economic activity is driven by agriculture like agro based industry (rice-mills, cold stores etc.), commission agents etc. The tertiary activities include the transport and related businesses like finance etc. Many banks have opened their branches due to enhanced economic activity over the years, as well as the needs of the non-resident Indian community from this region, especially in Canada & Australia.

The town also boasts of being the home-town of some of the great personalities. To name a few, Major Malkit SIngh Brar, who was awarded the Mahavir Chakra (posthumously) in 1948 was born in Alam Wala (a small and first village near Bagha Purana) and He got educated here. He laid down his life fighting for the country in Poonch sector during the Indo-Pak war in 1948 and was the first in erstwhile Punjab (comprising present Punjab, Haryana, H.P and Delhi) and second in the country to be honored with Mahavir Chakra (the highest decoration award of the country). He is survived by his widow Smt. Balbir Kaur Brar who resides in Chandigarh.

Neighboring Villages
Kotla Rai ka, Alamwala Kalan, Gill, Kaleke, Nathoke, Budh-Singh Wala, Kotla Mehar Singh Wala, Gholia Kalan

title: Bagha Purana