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Talk:David Hamilton (photographer)

Medications
There seems to be some discrepancy regarding the exact placement of the medication. The last reversion stated that they were located in the bathroom; however the references were not quoted in English within the reference. A simple google search: "David Hamilton Photographer Medications" renders placement "nearby", "near", "by" the/his body with most dates accessed: Nov. 26, 2016 on first 3 pages alone. What is the consensus for this wording within the article? Thanks. Maineartists (talk) 01:53, 4 December 2016 (UTC)
 * It is more specific to indicate that the medications were found in the bathroom, then indicating that the medications were nearby, near or by the body. I believe no articles indicated in which room the body was found. Google search engine gave me only the article of La Parisienne writing that "médicaments été retrouvée dans sa salle de bain". A search using "David Hamilton" and "medications" or "drugs" did not give any result. I don't see why the Wikipedia-article should mention that medication was found near the body given the fact that it is unknown what kind of medication this was, and it is unknown if he actually ingested medication during the evening of his death. Moreover, the autopsy revealed that the medications were not the cause of his death. Wvdpanhuysen (talk) 19:39, 4 December 2016 (UTC)

 * I think I am in agreement here in a sort of "what does it really matter" if the form of suicide was asphyxiation? First, I stated that a google search of "David Hamilton Photographer Medications" revealed the claims; not "David Hamilton Medications". You'll find 5 pages (plus) deep of "nearby", "near", "by" the/his body with most dates accessed: Nov. 26, 2016 (the same as yours cited). The two references on this talk page alone contradict one another. (Translated) #1: "His death was discovered around 9:30 pm and drugs were discovered near the body." #3: According to another source close to the investigation, the photographer allegedly ingested alcohol and drugs were found in his bathroom. No where in the article section does it mention "alcohol" in his system, so why the importance of medication if they were merely in his bathroom? Doesn't everyone have medication in their bathroom? I am in agreement: "why even mention the medications?" are you willing to remove the statement? Maineartists (talk) 20:18, 4 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes, I can remove the statement in the article about the medications. Wvdpanhuysen (talk) 23:06, 4 December 2016 (UTC)

Accusations
It should be noted that Flavie Flament only remembered having been raped about 30 years later after hypnotherapy revealed a repressed memory and that hypnotherapy has a spurious record of recovering false memories. Also the 3 other accusers only spoke to Flament and she would not reveal their names making the existence of the other accusers questionable.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by TA4352 (talk • contribs) 17:01, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

 * https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discussion:Flavie_Flament#%E2%80%9DFaire_entrer_dans_la_loi_l%E2%80%99amn%C3%A9sie_traumatique_serait_dangereux%E2%80%9D
 * They were discussing this same topic. 2804:14C:21:5105:B401:1CB2:56F5:154C (talk) 16:59, 21 December 2023 (UTC)

How did Hamilton achieve his soft focus?
I suggest deleting the reference to how Hamilton NOT achieved the soft focus effect (Vaseline), especially as the way he DID achieve it is not provided. Ho Bo Woods (talk) 14:59, 12 January 2023 (UTC)

Accusations
Why place controversial and unproved facts right at the beginning of the photographer's biography page to cause unnecessary fear mongering and practically brand his name as a rapist instead of a great photographer?

He was 83, he was at the end of his life, and I'm not making conjectures here, but his family would have to live with the stigma for many years to come. Not to mention that at that age you have little will to fight left, even if you're on the right.

Let me guess, you have special rights to edit articles and apply censorship to others who may know even more about the article's subject because you have a special account of X years old here? It is a shame that wikipedia is supposed to be the first biographical article to show up on search engines. This article, in special, was possibly edited by individuals who may or may not have a political agenda behind them and who probably never even touched Hamilton's Oeuvre. Who really knows? Absolutely insane. Do what you will, I won't even bother anymore, to the detriment of researchers of his art.

Quite honestly, this whole article sounds extremely shady and manipulated to be something far lesser than it should be. It does not reflect David Hamilton or his Art and Oeuvre.

The English Article is a cheap and even worst copy of the French one, because they don't even know how to buy or pirate the book by Flavie Flament to read the damn source of controversy. Absolutely hilarious.

At least the article in German (and some other languages) is more succint and comprehensive. But hey, let's start with rape accusations and some irrelevant fact about 'vaseline' on the English one. Absolute horror. I wonder if you can drag wikipedia articles to court for the way in which they were written, even if this is a collective effort.

I will just link this discussion from 2016 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:David_Hamilton_(photographer)/Archive_1 Even before David Hamilton was dead, individuals were apparently already making erroneous and extravagant descriptions out of his rape accusations. This whole article is a mess and it should be created one individual section for all the controversies instead of highlighting all the scandals right at the beginning or throughout the whole article. Instead, this biography should have more focus on Hamilton's life. I feel like the German Article https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hamilton was trying to achieve this. This article seems to make a monster out of David Hamilton and other photographers due to the excessive scandals and baseless allegations out of place. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2804:14c:21:5105:5d7:c1b1:b6f4:5ba1 (talk) 19:48, 10 December 2023 (UTC)

 * " Wikipedia has a strict privacy policy that specifies that we only allow edits or logs, once they are suppressed, to be viewed by a small, vetted, and identified team of highly-trusted users ("Oversighters"). " - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_oversight
 * " How to mediate [...] Editors enter into mediation voluntarily and may withdraw from mediation at any time "
 * " Noticeboards should not be a substitute for talk pages. Editors are expected to have had extensive discussion on a talk page " - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution_noticeboard
 * No one even answers the questions and it is very likely that the editors themselves don't know how to handle (or what even is) a clearly biased article with almost libellous allegations and a short and butchered lifestory section since 2016.
 * A woman writes a book, with David Hamilton's photograph on the cover, claims that she was raped by the photographer and suddenly multiple media sources embrace the news and even a series is advertised. Subsequently, Hamilton apparently commits suicide.
 * No one even cares to cite the passages or the pages of the book in the english article, and if the english article is bad, others in other languages will follow to be even worst. Curiously, they take care to mention this fact after the brief summary of Hamilton's titles, disregarding completely his oeuvre or any work of art made by him in long years of work. Apparently, a trusted source in wikipedia is: a website with HTTPS enabled visited by a large enough amount of users and a few academic archives in pdf if the "editors" are stupid enough to not find the subject's material directly related to the topic.
 * Again, a website visited by hundreds and thousands, and this is a 'low-importance' article in the hands of a few "editors". No one knows who they are and no one knows if they have knowledge about the article's subject. The "editors" (cunts with a login username and password) always hold the upper-hand of the last changed piece and can apply censorship at free-will and even send (really scary!) warnings to other users IPs. Every time that you start to change the article, even to delete irrelevant or duplicate pieces of information about the accusation that is already there, you need to reach a "Consensus" with the "Editors" who did not even bother to read the literature or even the short poems inside Hamilton's photographic books or about the alleged raped woman Flavie Flament.
 * What is the result ? A butchered piece of trash article about the "life" of a man from the 20th century written by a bunch of internet rats
 * If such things are possible, to defame (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discussion:David_Hamilton) a recently dead person against their will in a widely visited website, is this because the readers are completely doped or illiterate?
 * Hell, I am leaving here, waste of life-time. 2804:14C:21:5105:890E:4BC8:60C0:1AC9 (talk) 01:14, 12 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Hamilton (photographer)


text: User talk:194.17.220.2

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:194.17.220.2


text: Category:630s BC births

title: Category:630s BC births


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User talk:Toby1

Welcome!
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I feel I should let you know that I removed one of your contributions to the page about ecstasy, though, because a different article covered the information you wrote. As the Welcome, newcomers page says, don't be discouraged. I hope you like Wikipedia and decide to stay.

Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Officiallyover 08:48, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
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title: User talk:Toby1


text: User talk:82.205.149.38

title: User talk:82.205.149.38


text: Category:39 BC births

title: Category:39 BC births


text:
Bodleian Art, Archaeology and Ancient World Library

The Bodleian Art, Archaeology and Ancient World Library (‘Bodleian Art Library’ in its shortened form, formerly the Sackler Library) holds a large portion of the classical, art historical, and archaeological works belonging to the University of Oxford, England.

History
The library building was completed in 2001 and opened on 24 September of that year, enabling the rehousing of the library of the Ashmolean Museum. The library entrance is at 1 St John Street. It was principally funded by a donation from the multi-millionaire Mortimer Sackler. It was designed by Robert Adam with Paul Hanvey of ADAM Architecture. Its main building is a circular drum, a reference to the Classical origins of many of its holdings. One of the outer walls of the drum is decorated by a Classical frieze. The architects claim the circular entrance vestibule is derived from the Doric Temple of Apollo at Bassae, first excavated by Charles Robert Cockerell, the architect who designed the adjacent Ashmolean Museum. The library is administered as part of the multi-site Bodleian Library, the central libraries of the University of Oxford

Renaming
The library was originally named for the Sackler family, whose funding of the arts became controversial in the context of the opioid epidemic. It was renamed the Bodleian Art, Archaeology and Ancient World Library at a meeting of the University Council on 15 May 2023, following a review of the university's relationship with the family.

Collections
The library's holdings incorporate the collections of four older libraries, namely the Ashmolean library, the Classics Lending Library, the Eastern Art Library, the Griffith Institute and the History of Art Library. Major subject areas are:

Among the celebrated holdings are the Heracles Papyrus, a fragment of 3rd century Greek manuscript containing a poem about the Labours of Heracles, along with over 100,000 fragments found at Oxyrhynchus known as the Oxyrhynchus Papyri.
 * Western European Art since c. AD 1000
 * History of Art
 * Classical and Byzantine art and archaeology
 * Papyrology and Greco-Roman Egypt
 * Near Eastern archaeology and cuneiform languages
 * Egyptology and Coptic
 * Ancient history
 * Epigraphy
 * Classical languages and literature
 * Prehistoric archaeology of Europe and North Africa
 * Archaeology of Roman provinces
 * Medieval European archaeology
 * Theoretical and scientific archaeology
 * Numismatics


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Lo!

Lo! is the third published nonfiction work of the author Charles Fort (first edition 1931). In it he details a wide range of unusual phenomena. In the final chapter of the book he proposes a new cosmology that the earth is stationary in space and surrounded by a solid shell which is "not unthinkably far away".

Overview
Of Fort's four books, this volume deals most frequently and scathingly with astronomy (continuing from his previous book New Lands). The book also deals extensively with other subjects, including paranormal phenomena (see parapsychology), which were explored in his first book, The Book of the Damned.

In Lo!, Fort coined the now-popular term "teleportation". He also tied his previous statements on what he referred to as the Super-Sargasso Sea into his beliefs on teleportation. He would later expand this theory to include purported mental and psychic phenomena in his fourth and final book, Wild Talents.

It takes its derisive title from what he regarded as the tendency of astronomers to make positivistic, overly precise, and premature announcements of celestial events and discoveries. Fort portrays them as quack prophets, sententiously pointing towards the skies and saying "Lo!".

Lo! has been described as Fort's "most accessible, most readable book". It is divided into two sections: the first on the above phenomena; the second, on his attacks on the contemporary astronomy. The reason for this is that Fort had been working on a follow-up to The Book of the Damned, but he scrapped the idea and incorporated many of the subjects into this one.

Lo! is used extensively in Blue Balliett's book Chasing Vermeer.

Part One: Teleportation
Fort establishes his thesis for this particular book early on—that some sort of mysterious force, known as the "cosmic joker" (sic), is responsible for the teleportation of people, animals, and materials. This thesis would be revised later to accommodate Fort's research on psychic phenomena in Wild Talents.

Fort starts the book largely where he left off in The Book of the Damned: mysterious falls of animals and strange materials, flying stones, poltergeist activity, etc., and incorporates these strange phenomena into his new theory on teleportation, saying that teleportation from the Super-Sargasso Sea can explain these phenomena. Fort also briefly touches on UFOs again in this book, and writes extensively on a number of other topics which he claims can be explained by teleportation: cryptozoology and various out of place animals, animal mutilations and attacks on people, strange swarming of balls, the emergence of various strange people (the famous cases of Princess Caraboo and Kaspar Hauser), and the mysterious disappearances of others (including the diplomat Benjamin Bathurst, and vessels such as the Mary Celeste, Carroll A. Deering, and USS Cyclops (1910), presaging later interest in the Bermuda Triangle phenomenon). He writes a chapter on the winter of 1904–1905 in Britain, when a widespread religious revival in England and Wales coincided with numerous other strange occurrences: the appearances of ghosts, poltergeists, a few purported cases of Spontaneous Human Combustion, and a ravenous predator mutilating sheep and other farm animals in Northumberland.

Fort believed that all of these anomalous phenomena can be explained by his teleportation theory—though he later apparently retracts this theory to an extent in his final book, Wild Talents.

Part Two: Astronomy
Fort was sceptical of Albert Einstein's theories of relativity and the claim that these could be confirmed by a transit of the Sun. He was sceptical of the accuracy of the mathematics and the observations involved, and pointed out seeming contradictions and anomalies in scientists' statements to the press.

Publication
Lo! was pubiished in February 1931. It received positive reviews in both the New York Times and the New York Herald Tribune and quickly went into a third printing.

Availability
The book was re-released in a paperback version in the 1990s, and is also included in The Complete Works Of Charles Fort with Fort's other paranormal writings.

title: Lo!


text: User talk:195.134.43.14

title: User talk:195.134.43.14


text: User talk:212.219.11.30

title: User talk:212.219.11.30


text:
Talk:Lo!

Essay
This article reads like an essay, not encyclopedic at all. What should be done with it? --Kukuman 08:54, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * First cut it back somewhat, to see what a concise version would look like. Charles Matthews 09:58, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It's an analysis of the book. What is wrong with that, Kukuman?

 * General analyses of subjects are not encyclopedic, and therefore are not wikipedian; summary of general analyses by specific individuals are more the name of the game. "It's easy to see why" is a completely POV statement, for instance. --Chr.K. 02:57, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

History Channel...
So I'm watching the star trek special on the history channel, and they usually put little facts in before a comercial break. One fact was that Lo! was the first mentioning of the word "teleportation" is there any way to site or confirm this?

Read the biography of Charles Fort by science-fiction author and Hugo Award winner Damon Knight. Eric Frank Russell also mentions this. Fort is well-known in science fiction circles as the coiner of the word teleportation.SageMab (talk) 00:02, 23 November 2007 (UTC)SageMab

Fair use rationale for Image:Lo2004.jpg
Image:Lo2004.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 00:54, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

Does Lo! come from "lo' and behold!"?
After reading the whole article, I still don't know about the origin of the work's title. 92.230.1.9 (talk) 07:57, 2 February 2009 (UTC) -andy

Princess Caraboo
According to Wikipedia Princess Caraboo was understood to be a scam well before Fort's time. Therefore it seems odd for the article to cite the character. If Fort argued in the book Caraboo was not a scam then that should be put into context.--72.173.160.50 (talk) 06:34, 11 October 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lo!


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Advanced Video Attribute Terminal Assembler and Recreator

The Advanced Video Attribute Terminal Assembler and Recreator (AVATAR) protocol is a system of escape sequences occasionally used on bulletin board systems (BBSes). Its basic level was designed explicitly as a compression of the much longer ANSI escape codes, and can thus render colored text and artwork faster over slow connections. Even when the terminal didn't understand it, the data on disk could use the AVATAR format and so take up less space.

AVATAR was adapted to Advanced Zansi/Avatar Terminal Handshaking Output Transfer Handler (AZATHOTH). It was never implemented but was included as zazt.sys.

The basic protocol is defined by FidoNet technical standard proposal FSC-0025.

Avatar was later extended in late 1989 to AVT/0 (sometimes referred to as AVT/0+) which included facilities to scroll areas of the screen (useful for split screen chat, or full screen mail writing programs), as well as more advanced pattern compression. These extensions were not convertible directly into sequences understood by existing ANSI terminals but instead mirrored extra facilities available in the IBM PC BIOS.

Avatar was originally implemented in the Opus BBS, but later popularised by RemoteAccess. RemoteAccess came with a utility, AVTCONV that allowed for easy translation of ANSI documents into Avatar helping its adoption.

Scope
FSC-0025 defines a compression for:
 * terminal text attributes: blink, background and foreground 3-bit color.
 * repeated bytes (run-length encoding)
 * cursor position commands
 * terminal clear command (CSI 2 J)

FSC-0037 defines:
 * an insert-mode switch
 * insert mode deletion (delete and scroll left)
 * scroll up/down commands
 * area fill/clear commands (run-length encoding in 2D)
 * repeat multiple characters (run-length encoding)


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Category:Microsoft Windows stubs

Articles added here should be limited in scope to components of the Microsoft Windows product itself, not third-party products or other Microsoft products that are not a part of Windows itself (e.g. server products, Office).

title: Category:Microsoft Windows stubs


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Kalinganagar

Kalinganagar is a planned industrial town in Jajpur district of coastal Odisha, India. Kalinganagar is emerging to be major global hub in steel, power and ancillary products. A large number of steel plants including projects by Jindal Steel and Tata Steel are in various stages of implementation.

The city has been a main contributor to Odisha's economy, human resource and fast growing urbanization and industrialization.

The government of India has given final approval to develop the Kalinganagar complex as a National Investment Manufacturing Zone under the National Manufacturing Policy. The major proposal at Kalinganagar NIMZ are Steel & Aluminium Downstream Park, New Industrial Township, Central Business District with office, Commercial and recreational activities, Common Tool Rooms, Technical Training Institutions and Support internal infrastructure.

History
Kalinganagar is a geographical unit consisting of a compact landmass of Danagadi and Sukinda Blocks of Jajpur district of Odisha, India. Kalinganagar is neither a village nor a town. This is a name given to a geographical area by Odisha Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation (IDCO)where the Govt. of Odisha aims at developing a steel-producers-hub. IDCO has acquired the land from public, has developed infrastructure and has given it to various industries for setting up Steel Plants. The process has started from the early 1990s and the ex-CM, late Biju Patanaik, took the lead role in promoting the steel-hub. He had invited first, Swaraj Paul, a NRI British industrialist to set up a steel plant which did not materialize though. Later, the industrial activity grew when his son Naveen Patnaik became the CM of Odisha. Now there are around 15 steel plants which includes public sector plant like NINL, private sector plant like JSL, MESCO etc. Tata Steel is setting up its Steel Plant here which would become operation by 2014 end.

On 2 January 2006 about 800 tribals protested against Tata Steel. Their protest focussed on the fact that land on which their cattle had grazed had been blocked by a wall. Further on they rallied for a fair compensation. To quash the protest Special Armed Police Forces were called in. According to the protesting tribals these police forces started to chase away the protesters. No attention was given to the fact that women and children were among them. More than 10 adivasi were killed by the police forces, more than 40 of them were wounded. This police brutality is still very vivid in the memory of the adivasi population. For many years adivasi have organized a protest activity on 2 January. In this tradition people marched from Chamakoila to Ambagadia on 2 January 2019. In Ambagadia at the martyrs’ tower a meeting took place, in which Rabindra Jaraka, secretary of Bisthapan Birodhi Jana Mancha (BBJM) stated the following: “The government has so far not explained any reason behind the firing. The state government is only keen on signing MOUs with the big corporate houses and practically gift away the best deposits of iron ore as captive mines at a meagre amount of royalty. Tata built the steel plant over the dead bodies of tribal people.”

The district headquarters is at Jajpur Town and the nearest rail station is Jajpur-Keonjhar Road. Kalinganagar is located closer to Bhubaneswar, nearly 100 km, which is the state capital of Odisha. The area comes under Sukinda Legislative Assembly Constituency and Jajpur MP constituency. 2014: Rita Tarai(BJD) is the MP and Mr. Pritiranjan Gharai (BJD) is the MLA of Kalinganagar area.

Geography
Kalinganagar is situated in Jajpur District of Odisha, India. It comprises Byasanagar Municipality, Danagadi block. It is located at latitude 200 45’ N and longitude 850 50’ E. It has an average elevation of 51 m above mean sea level.

Vision
Kalinganagar Industrial Area is projected to be developed for a population of over 1 million by 2025 and it will be extended to 177 sqkm as envisaged by the state government. In this connection, Lea Associates of South Asia in association with the School of Planning and Architect, New Delhi and the Centre for Environment and Planning (CEPT) presented a vision document to the Chief Minister for the development of Kalinganagar Industrial Area.

After the success of Asia's first integrated steel plant set up by Tata Steel in the undivided Orissa-Bihar-Bengal in 1907, or the employment potential revealed by the Rourkela Steel Plant (operated by the state-owned Steel Authority of India), the demand for another mega steel plant in Odisha was strongly felt. This led Biju Patnaik, the then Chief Minister of Odisha to plan the Kalinganagar industrial complex, once 13000 acres of land was acquired in the Sukinda constituency of Jajpur district in 1992.

Today, the government is stepping up the presence of industry as coincidentally, the infrastructural boom in the global markets has generated high demands for steel. To strengthen the century-old relationship between Odisha and Tata Steel, the company signed the MoU for its most ambitious steel project in Odisha on 17 November 2004. As per this MoU, the company will set up a six million ton green-field integrated steel plant at Kalinganagar in Jajpur District of Odisha.

Economy
Kalinganagar is a global steel hub of international business and commerce having many manufacturing companies and corporations established. The town is a major center for banking and finance, retailing, steel, coal, iron, cromite mines trade, transportation, real estate, as well as traditional advertising, legal services, accountancy, insurance, theater, fashion, and the arts in the India.

IDCO has prepared plan for Kalinganagar industrial complex. It has both public steel company like NINL and many private steel companies such as Tata Steel, Tata Power, Jindal Steel, VISA Steel, Mesco etc. and other companies like Emami, Container Corporation etc. Kalinga Nagar Development Authority (KNDA) will take over all development, planning and building regulations.

National Investment & Manufacturing Zone

Kalinganagar is declared as National Manufacturing and Investment Zone by Government of India. Government of Odisha is a pioneer in implementing the "Ease of Doing Business" and committed to simplify the processes and expedite project approvals. Aligning its objective with the national framework, Government of Odisha has identified many manufacturing industries as priority sectors and has an attractive incentive framework. Government of Odisha is also committed in providing 24x7 power, dedicated industrial feeder and quality physical infrastructure and common facilities.

Tata Steel
Tata Steel has started its production from Kalinganagar Plant. Local DPs, PAPS, periphery people are getting contract work and getting employment. DP (displaced persons) are able to live a better life due to business opportunity and jobs. People have reposed much trust on them. T. V. Narendran's elevation as MD Tata Steel has also helped the Kalinganagar in terms of building a professional culture.

In partnership with the Government of Odisha, Tata Steel is committed to set up a 6 million-tonne per annum integrated steel plant at Kalinganagar Industrial Complex at Duburi, in the Jajpur district. The steel works will be established in two modules of 3 million tonnes of steel each and when completed, will have a capacity of 6 million tonnes per annum.

Special attention has been given to all the requirements of the families in rehabilitation colonies and resettlement camps that are fully equipped with all amenities. With Kalinganagar emerging as the steel hub of Odisha, Tata Steel will help boost the pace of industrialization and socio-economic development, not only in the State but in the Country as well.

In 2012, Maniapatala village was added where 39 families are to be displaced, taking the total number of families to be displaced to 1234. As of 15 December 2012, 993 families (out of 1234 families) have relocated voluntarily in support of the project.

Tata Power
Tata Power planned to set up a power plant at Kalinganagar, Odisha, with capacity 3×67.5 MW (gas based) + 3×150 MW (coal+gas based): The project is being executed through Industrial Energy Limited, a joint venture of the company with Tata Steel Limited in the eastern part of Odissa. Tata Power's Kalinganagar Project has been implementing regular CSR activities in this area with partnership of local community, government, youth clubs, PRI members and local institutions on various developmental issues.

Neelachal Ispat Nigam Limited
Neelachal Ispat Nigam Limited (NINL), a company promoted by MMTC Ltd, Industrial Promotion and Investment Corporation of Orissa limited (IPICOL) and other government agencies has set up a 1.1 million ton Integrated Iron and steel plant at Kalinganagar, Duburi, Dist-Jajpur, Orissa. Presently the main products are pig iron and LAM coke along with nut coke, coke breeze, crude tar, ammonium sulphate and granulated slag (phase – I). The envisaged products in future (phase-II) are billets, bars and wire rods of different grades and sizes. NINL has its own captive power plant to meet the internal power requirement. NINL is also exporting substantial quantity of power. NINL is having own captive iron ore mines which is under development.

NINL has become India's largest exporter of saleable pig iron since 2004–2005. Pig iron and LAM coke produced by NINL has established its acceptance in domestic as well as in international markets .Company is widely catering demands of eastern, central and northern regions of India for pig iron apart from exports. It is supplying LAM coke to almost all steel plants of Steel authority of India Ltd. and Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd. Vishakhapatanam. The "KAMDHENU" fertiliser produced is in high demand in nearby areas. Crude tar is being despatched to down stream industries for further processing.

Jindal Stainless Limited
Jindal Stainless, a part of the US$18 billion, OP Jindal group is the largest integrated manufacturer of stainless steel in India and is ranked amongst the top 10 stainless steel manufacturers in the world, with a capacity of 1.8 million tons. A leader and a name synonymous with Enterprise, Excellence and Success, the company's ethos mirrors most characteristics similar to the metal it produces; Akin to stainless steel Jindal Stainless is innovative and versatile in its thought process; strong and unrelenting in its operations. JSL has crafted its success story by fully integrating its operations based on a strategy of both, backward and forward integration, starting from mining, melting, casting, hot rolling to cold rolling and further value additions.

JSL product range includes: ferro alloys, stainless steel slabs, blooms, hot rolled coils, plates and cold rolled coils/ sheets, stainless steel strips for razor blade steel and coin blanks for mints in India and the EU.

VISA Steel
VISA Steel is operating a 0.5 million TPA Integrated Special Steel Plant, 50,000 TPA Ferro Chrome plant and 75 MW captive power plant at Kalinganagar in Odisha. The company is also progressing towards establishing a steel plant at Raigarh in Chhattisgarh and plans to set up a steel plant and Manganese Alloy Plant in Madhya Pradesh.

Emami Cement
Emami Cement limited is setting up a cement grinding plant at Kalinganagar, Odisha, which will have an installed capacity of 2.50 million tonnes per year. Emami manufacturing plants are strategically located in close proximity to the raw materials that Emami require for operations.

Maithan Ispat Limited
Maithan Ispat Limited is a part of the INR 15 bn Maithan Group, having manufacturing interests in refractories, ferro-alloys, cement, DRI, rebars, billets and sections. The Group is headquartered in Kolkata, India with nine manufacturing facilities spread across six states in India. The company was set up in 2004 under an MOU with the state of Odisha at Kalinganagar, Jajpur.

Rohit Ferrotech
A player in the ferro alloy manufacturing sector, Rohit Ferro-Tech Limited (RFTL) operates. Promoted by S K Patni, RFTL started in 2003 with a capacity of 24,000 TPA from its 2x9 MVA furnaces in Bishnupur, West Bengal. With its continuous expansions every year, the group now has a total installed capacity of 274,583 mtpa. The company is also setting up a 67 MW Captive Power Plant at its jajpur unit to feed its energy requirements. In an attempt to forward-integrate, RFTL has set up a 100,000 TPA stainless steel manufacturing facility at its Bishnupur unit and the capacity use is being enhanced in phases. On the side of backward integration, RFTL has acquired economic interest in coal mines in Indonesia securing thermal and coking coal requirements of its manufacturing facilities

K.J. Ispat
KJ Ispat Limited is a public company incorporated on 18 March 2003. It is classified as an Indian non-government company and is registered at Registrar of Companies, Cuttack. Its authorized share capital is Rs. 80,000,000 and its paid up capital is Rs. 66,900,000. kJ Ispat Limited's Annual General Meeting (AGM) was last held on 30 September 2013 and as per records from Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), its balance sheet was last filed on 31 March 2013.

Dinabandhu Steel and Power Ltd
DSPL Is an integrated steel plant with captive power plant located in Kalinganagar, Jajpur the upcoming steel hub of Orissa. It is manufacturer, distributor and supplier of steel rod service provider of generation of thermal power plant.

Pradhan Industries
The company Pradhan Industries as a partnership organization established in 1989 having its registered office at Jajpur Road, Dist-Jajpur, Orissa-755048, Orissa established its first Chrome Ore processing and beneficiation plant at sanapatuli, Dala, Jajpur Road, Dist-Jajpur with a steady and substantial growth established its market network in Indian nation. In due course it emerged in 1999 as a private Limited Company and spread the operating net work from National to International level having Export of Chrome Concentrate to different countries, having a growth rate of 100% per year. The company entered into ferro alloy manufacturing and started its second plant at Bhagwanpur Industrial Estate in 1992, Dist-khurda, Orissa, having its end product of low carbon ferro chrome, and successfully operated low carbon ferro chrome business in national level.

MESCO
Mideast Integrated Steel Ltd. (MISL) was incorporated in 1992 with assets in coastal Odisha in eastern India. It secured the Roida iron ore mining lease in the prime iron ore belt of Odisha in 1996. MISL's pig iron plant at Jajpur was successfully commissioned in 2005 and has since been operating uninterrupted. MISL has a strategic alliance with Stemcor, UK, for marketing and financing. It is also the first company in India to have technical collaboration with CMIEC now known as Sino Steel, China. MISL's negligible debt to equity ratio makes it essentially debt-free – the only company of this size in the iron and steel business in the country.

POSCO
Global steel company POSCO is likely to shift its first Finex plant to Kalinganagar, Odisha from Pohang, South Korea after a definitive pact with homegrown steelmaker Mesco, which is scheduled by August. POSCO has already signed an initial pact with MESCO for shifting of its patented Finex technology plant at Mesco premises at Kalinganagar in Jajpur.

IDICOL Ferro Chrome Alloys Ltd
IFCAL, a wholly owned subsidiary of IDCOL, is a government of Orissa undertaking located at Jajpur Road. It has capacity to manufacture 19,000 MT of high carbon ferrochrome. This plant, set up in 1969, is pioneer in the country to produce ferrochrome. The plant produces high carbon ferrochrome by using chromite ore, chromite briquettes, friable lumps, hard lumps in various proportions to meet customers' requirements.

Uttam Galva Steels Ltd has been allotted 192.13 acres in Kalinganagar for its plant, similarly, Brahmani River Pellets Ltd also allotted 37.67 acres of land and Apeejay Surrendra Group has been allotted 3.01 acres land in Kalinganagar.

Binani Cement Limited which had initially decided to set up a cement plant at Dhamra in Bhadrak district had been allowed to shift its unit to Kalinga Nagar in Jajpur district. Maa Mangala Minerals Industry is a mineral company situated at Duburi, Jajpur. There is also other companies like Maharashtra Seamless Ltd, Mahesh Ferrous (P) Ltd, Mishrilal Mines Pvt. Ltd, Shree Bimal Oxygen & Minerals Pvt.Ltd. which are operating in the city.

Kalinganagar Development Authority (KNDA)
Kalinganagar Development Authority is coming under Jajpur districts of Odisha. The Kalinganagar Industrial Complex is integrally related to the vision of a resurgent Odisha. The idea took shape in the early 90s, concurrently with several other initiatives that followed the much-awaited economic liberalization. The Odisha Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation (IDCO) was entrusted with the task of developing infrastructure facilities in Kalinganagar to facilitate the growth of industries in the area. As per the draft of a master plan, for Kalinganagar released in 2006 about 10-lakh hectares land would be acquired by the Government, gradually and in different phases for the development of the area. In addition, it was decided to shift the District Industries Centre (DIC) from Jajpur to Kalinganagar and establish Kalinganagar Development Authority.

The meeting resolved to prepare mobility plan indicating the inner ring road adjacent to the town. The available government land along the ring road could be leveraged for funding the ring road project. It suggested the financial model adopted by Rajasthan government should be followed for implementation of ring road and proposed CDP roads.

Prior to that, a project for rehabilitation of slums with an area of about 10 acres could be initiated. Bhubaneswar Development Authority would be roped in for technical support for development of affordable housing for rehabilitation of slum families.

Recently KNDA met to take several policy decision regarding approval of building plans as well as approval of Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) of the area. Kalinganagar area in Jajpur district is home for several steel and power plants. The area is fast developing into an industrial township.

According to the Housing and Urban Development department, all industrial buildings plans would be approved by the authority after due approval of the Building Permission Committee of the KNDA. "If required the compounding fee would be collected as per the norms of the regulation for approval of building plans," the authority resolved.

It also made it clear that industries those had not submitted the plans or documents for approval of their building plan would be issued with unauthorized notice or stop construction notice simultaneously.

Vision 2030

A draft of the Comprehensive Development Plan of Kalinganagar Development Plan Area for 161 nos of village i.e. 20 villages of Vyasanagar Municipality, 41 villages of Sukinda Tahasil, 65 villages of Danagadi Tahasil, 29 villages of Vyasanagar Tahasil and 6 villages of Rasulpur Tahasil covering an area of 458.78 km2 has been prepared.

Envisaging transformation of the Kalinganagar Industrial Complex into a modern industrial city in eastern India, Comprehensive Development Plan, which has now been placed in public domain seeking suggestions and objections, has projected investment requirement to the order of Rs. 661.39 billion. Kalingnagar Development Authority (KNDA) has assigned Rolta India Limited, a private consulting firm, to prepare CDP for the area.

"The KNDA CDP will require a total investment of Rs. 661.39 billion out of which the investment in public sector will be around Rs. 608.89 billion and in private sector, the investment will be around Rs. 52.50 billion in the proposed plan period (by 2030)", the plan says.

Phases

The CDP has proposed to implement the plan in a phased manner – short term and long term. Short term is defined as next five years, while long-term implementation will span beyond five years. For short-term plan implementation, planners have estimated Rs. 1,235 crore while in the long-term plan Rs. 66,139 crore will be required.

An analysis of population growth and assessing the future development, planners have arrived at a population figure of 5,39,000 for KNDA area by 2030. At present, different industries operating in the area give direct employment to 23,000 persons. "KNDA is going to be mega industrial complex in future. At present 11 major industries are operating in KNDA area. In addition to this, five major industries are under construction which will come up by 2015. Owing to the transport linkages with mineral resources, region of the State of KNDA area has got tremendous potential for industrial growth," the development plan says.

The plan has given emphasis on land banking for future industrial development and road network. "Looking to the pattern of industrial growth, the total area earmarked for industrial activities is 7900 ha as against existing 4090 ha."

Similarly, Rolta India has suggested laying of 200 ft wide major arterial road and 100 ft wide local arterial road.

"The total length of 100 ft and 200 ft proposed road is 100.47 km and 90.48 km respectively. The total land required for the road is computed to be 873.01 ha. Out of this, 375.91 ha are under government ownership," the CDP points out.

As far as water is concerned, planners said the river Brahmani would play a very critical role for future of growth of the area. As per projection, about 1,07,800 houses will be required by 2030. After deducting the present housing stock, a total 94,571 new houses will be required in the KNDA area by 2030. Thus, per year on an average 4,728 new houses are required to be constructed to meet the requirement. An additional 3,796 ha will be required.

The area to be developed into a modern city with Rs. 66,139 crore. KNDA has come out with a report on the development model. At present, industries in the area provided direct employment to 23,000 persons. Five major industries are under construction and they will come up by 2015.

Transport
The nearest railway stations are Jajpur Keonjhar Road railway station, Baghuapal Railway Station, Sukinda Road Railway Station and Jakhapura Railway Station. The nearest airport is Biju Patnaik International Airport in Bhubaneswar.

There are a lot of small railway stations in Kalinganagar. It is connected by Indian Railways through Jajpur-Keonjhar Road (JJKR) Railway Station, Baghuapal Railway Station, Sukinda Road Railway Station and Jakhapura Railway Station. It comes under East Coast Railways Zone of India Railways. National Highway−215 connect Kalinganagar with two way wide highways. It's well connected with Anandapur and Panikoili and is 100 km from Bhubaneswar and 400 km from Kolkata through National Highways. An inland Water Ways has been planned to connect Kalinganagar township with Dhamara Port, Odisha and Paradeep Port, Odisha. A domestic airport has been proposed at Ragadi for Kalinganagar.

Languages
Most people can speak and write all three languages Odia, Hindi & English.

Art and culture
Vyasa Sarovar Mela (now called Vyasa Mahotsava) is the most famous festival in Jajpur Road. Kalinga Nagar Mahotsav is held at Jajpur Road on 1–2 February every year. Cultural programme are being organised on the occasion, where Prince Dance Group, Brahmapur participated, besides Chhau from Mayurbhan and Odissi from Bhubaneswar was also shown. The industrial houses of Kalingnagar like TATA, NINL, VISA, Jindal, Rohit and MESCO put their stalls on the function ground. It is the land of rich and diverse artistic achievement, Kalinganagar's art and culture are the product of a long historical process in which the spiritual, philosophical and the humane dimensions have merged to yield the finest effects of culture and civilized life. The cultural heritage of Kalinganagar is reflected in its vibrant art forms.

The city has a tradition of painting, architectures, sculpture, and handicrafts. Goddess Saraswati, Kali, Laxmi, Durga puja are celebrated by devotees. In some festivals, Muruja is drawn on the floor with colour powders of different hues. Also Ganesh Chaturthi, Maha Shivaratri are widely celebrated among by people in the city.

Sports
Rajiv Gandhi Stadium is located on Jajpur road. People here play cricket, hockey, kabaddi, kho-kho, football, and badminton.

Health
Vyasanagar Municipality is having a sub-divisional hospital as per Odisha state norms. But it does not having much more facility as Kalinganagar is a rapidly growing city. So in case of any special health service or treatment, people of Kalinganagar have to go to Cuttack which is 65 km away. There is a long-standing demand for making a super specialist hospital by state government.

There are many nursing homes and private diagnostic centers which are operating in Vyasanagar municipality. Tata Steel is all set to establish a 200-bed hospital at Gobarghati in Kalinganagar industrial complex of Orissa's Jajpur district.

The hospital in Gobarghati rehabilitation colony is set up on an area of four acres of land. The setting up of this hospital is primarily dedicated to those families that were affected by Tata Steel's Greenfield project at Kalinganagar, in the Jajpur district of Odisha and also for the people in periphery villages. It would be a 200-bed hospital and would cater to around 10000 people from the neighbouring villages apart from Tata Steel Parivar members.

The hospital would also be well equipped with round-the-clock service, pathology laboratory, OPD, an outdoor complex, paramedical staff and specialist doctors in Medicine, Paediatrics, Surgery and O&G. The ceremonial puja for this hospital has already been performed at Maniapatla. Mr. Hridayeshwar Jha, Vice President, Odisha Project of Tata Steel, graced this occasion. The hospital intends to plan health services like rural health check-up programmes, health camps during epidemics and awareness building activities for people once it is functional.

Education
Kalinganagar has the following schools and colleges,
 * Buchpan school, Kanheipur, Jajpur Road
 * Saraswati Shishu Vidya Mandir
 * V.N High School, Jajpur Road
 * Doon International School
 * St. Marys School, Jajpur Road
 * Budharaja Bidyapitha-Danagadi
 * Mount Litera Zee School
 * Glorious English Medium School, Jajpur Road
 * Stewart School, Sukhinda Chromite Mines
 * Shemrock Golap Preschool, Kachahudi Hudisahi, Jajpur Road
 * Dhabalgiri High School
 * SBD International School, Santara, Patuli, Jajpur Road
 * Ferrochrome High School
 * V N High School, Jajpur Road
 * St. Xavier's High School, Jajpur Road
 * DAV Public School, Kendriya Vidyalaya (KV) and other national schools have been planned at Talagada, Jajpur Road in near future.
 * Vyasanagar College Jajpur Road
 * Indira Gandhi women's college, Jajpur Road
 * Sukinda College,Sukinda
 * Kapileswar Mahabidyalaya,Duburi

title: Kalinganagar


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Talk:Tugen people

Statement on Accuracy
Recently, the following was added to the article. I have pulled it out pending citation (cf. the Cite your sources policy):
 * The Tugen prayed to a God called Asis which means 'sun'. Most have converted to Christianity. They believe that together with other groups of the Kalenjin speakers they came to be in present day Kenya after migrating from the north a place called 'Misri' which historians have estimated to be modern day Egypt.

I haven't come across anything like that. Sutton in his The Kalenjin (1978) rather suggests that the Kalenjin are one of the oldest peoples of Kenya, if I understand him well. Misri is a known name for ancient Egypt, but where does the rest of the information come from? — mark ✎ 08:58, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I too am suspicious of the Egypt thing - reminds me of the claim that the Iraqw come from Iraq! - but the religion thing is confirmed by Sutton. - Mustafaa 18:06, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * And by Rottland (1982) as well — he reconstructs proto-Kalenjin *asɪ:s, noting that '[d]ie Bezeichnung für 'Sonne' verweist zugleich auf ein göttliches Wesen' (1982:322). The word even seems to be proto-Southern Nilotic, cf. proto-Omotik-Datooga *asɛ:t 'sun' (but he doesn't mention a deity here). — mark ✎ 19:01, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Some biaseness expressed in the article
There is a general tendency of biaseness in this article. This has been done yet the article doesn't cite citations to confirm the perception. Case on point, Lembus people, Samors, Arror etc. Arguments should be basic and unbiased. Shadychiri (talk) 15:09, 7 December 2018 (UTC)

 * I agree Lobeles (talk) 22:43, 27 June 2023 (UTC)

== I think some subtribes of Tugen are excluded apart from Samor and Aror, we still have Endorois, Bogor and Ogiek. For future reference, I feel like an advanced research on them should be done, for a clear understanding of these people. Lobeles (talk) 22:41, 27 June 2023 (UTC)

Some statements left out,poor knowledge on tugen people.
some info.is left out especially the tugens from the savannah region Kirwa bett (talk) 07:28, 2 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tugen people


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User:Renatodasil

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title: User:Renatodasil


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Bill Bowes

William Eric Bowes (25 July 1908 – 4 September 1987) was an English professional cricketer active from 1929 to 1947 who played in 372 first-class matches as a right arm fast bowler and a right-handed tail end batsman. He took 1,639 wickets with a best performance of nine for 121 and completed ten wickets in a match 27 times. He scored 1,531 runs with a highest score of 43* and is one of very few major players whose career total of wickets taken exceeded his career total of runs scored. He did not rate himself as a fielder but he nevertheless held 138 catches.

Bowes played for Yorkshire and Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). He was a member of the ground staff at MCC for ten seasons and they had priority of selection, which meant he played against Yorkshire for them and he did not play against MCC until 1938. He made fifteen appearances for England in Test cricket and took part in the 1932–33 Bodyline series. He took 68 Test wickets at the creditable average of 22.33 with a best performance of six for 33. Bowes represented Yorkshire in thirteen County Championship seasons, his career being interrupted by the Second World War, and the team won the championship eight times in that period, largely due to their strong attack which was led by Hedley Verity and himself.

During the war, Bowes was commissioned in the British Army as a gunnery officer and served in North Africa until he was captured, along with over 30,000 other Allied troops, after the fall of Tobruk in June 1942. He spent three years in Italian and German prisoner-of-war camps and lost over four stone in weight. He continued playing for two seasons after the war but, weakened by his experiences, could only bowl at medium pace. After he retired from playing, he became a coach with Yorkshire and worked for The Yorkshire Post as a cricket writer.

Early life
Bill Bowes was born in Elland on 25 July 1908. His father, John Bowes, was a railwayman whose job with the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway caused the family to relocate often. In 1914, they settled in Armley, Leeds, after he became a goods superintendent there. In his 1949 autobiography, Express Deliveries, Bowes says that he never had any boyhood aspiration to become a professional cricketer, rather he "just slipped into the game". He played street cricket with other boys and he began watching the local Armley club, whose ground was near his home. He particularly admired an Armley pace bowler called Tommy Drake and decided to copy his action so that, throughout his career as a top-class bowler, his delivery was always "as near Tommy Drake's as possible". Bowes went on to represent his two schools, Armley Park Council School and West Leeds High School, at cricket. At the latter, he gained his school cap after taking a hat trick.

After leaving school in 1924, Bowes worked in a Leeds estate agency but continued to play cricket at weekends for a Wesleyan Sunday school team in Armley and he was the club secretary for a time. He did this for the next two years until, just after Easter in 1927, he was invited by a casual acquaintance to join the Kirkstall Educational Cricket Club in northwest Leeds. In his debut match for Kirkstall's second team, he took six wickets for only five runs, including a hat trick, and the spectators organised a collection for him. Bowes now found a mentor in John Kaye, one of the club's committee members, who was to play in instrumental part in his eventual career with Yorkshire. Bowes had a successful season with Kirkstall in 1927 and began receiving offers from other league clubs to turn professional, some of the offers being more for one match than he earned in a week at the estate agency. However, Kaye and his colleagues were determined to keep him at Kirkstall until they could arrange for him to play professionally at county level.

With no apparent interest from Yorkshire at this stage, an approach was made to Warwickshire and they responded by offering Bowes a trial in April 1928. However, at the end of the 1927 season, MCC announced an intention to play against all first-class counties in 1928 and wanted to increase its professional ground staff, based at Lord's Cricket Ground. Bowes decided to apply and was invited to a trial in January 1928. At the trial, he bowled on "a net pitch of matting laid on concrete". Among the batsmen facing him were Pelham Warner and the MCC assistant secretary Ronnie Aird. Bowes made a distinct impression on them which resulted in his being offered an engagement on the Lord's ground staff for the 1928 season at £5 a week.

Soon afterwards, he was contacted by Yorkshire's secretary Frederick Toone following a request to Yorkshire by John Kaye. Toone recommended the engagement with MCC rather than Warwickshire, suggesting that Bowes would find greater scope for development at Lord's and, with Yorkshire's interests at heart, pointed out that he would be available to play for Yorkshire when not required by MCC. Bowes was impressed and turned down the Warwickshire offer. He quit his job at the estate agency and joined MCC on 15 April 1928, having negotiated a raise in his wage to £6 a week.

1928 to 1929
Bowes gained valuable early experience with the Lord's ground staff and was especially grateful for coaching he received from Walter Brearley. He began his first-class career playing for MCC in 1928. Still aged nineteen, he made his first-class debut 30 May to 1 June playing against Wales at Lord's, taking three for 37 and two for 32. Neither Bowes himself nor J. M. Kilburn saw merit in that game which is currently rated first-class by CricketArchive. Kilburn wrote that Bowes' "first match of first-class rating" was MCC v Cambridge University played 4 to 6 July at Lord's. In this, Bowes took four for 20, including a hat trick, and two for 18. This achievement was noted in Yorkshire and, although Bowes did not play in any further first-class matches in 1928, the county club included him in their plans for 1929.

Following further appeals to Yorkshire by John Kaye, Bowes was invited in November to meet the club president, Lord Hawke, who concluded a formal agreement with MCC that Bowes should be made available to play for Yorkshire in 1929 when not required by any MCC teams.

Bowes made his first-class debut for Yorkshire against Oxford University at The Parks 8 to 10 May 1929. He took two for 28 and none for 40. In Yorkshire's next match, against Essex at the County Ground, Leyton, Bowes made his County Championship debut. He joined a full Yorkshire team that included the all-time greats Wilfred Rhodes and Herbert Sutcliffe. It also included Emmott Robinson, the great character of Yorkshire cricket who was much eulogised by Neville Cardus, and Robinson willingly became Bowes' mentor in his early Yorkshire career. Bowes took none for nineteen in the Essex first innings but did not bowl in the second as Rhodes, then aged 51, destroyed Essex with nine for 39 including one spell of seven wickets in 28 balls. Yorkshire won by an innings and 37 runs, Maurice Leyland having scored 134.

Yorkshire at this time was in a period of transition. They had won the championship four times between 1922 and 1925 but had since then been overshadowed by their great rivals Lancashire who had won the title in each of the preceding three seasons. In 1929, Yorkshire and Lancashire tied on points as runners-up, the title going to Nottinghamshire. Yorkshire's team relied on the experience and leadership of the veterans Rhodes and Robinson and on the expertise of established professionals like Sutcliffe, his opening partner Percy Holmes, Leyland and bowler George Macaulay. Otherwise, the team consisted of up and coming players who were effectively on trial and there was competition for places. Bowes, for example, had Frank Dennis as his main rival for the role of pace bowler. Other aspiring players active in 1929 were Wilf Barber, Horace Fisher, Arthur Wood and Cyril Turner while Arthur Mitchell had gained his county cap the previous year. Waiting in the wings, however, was Hedley Verity who was then playing in the Lancashire League and made his Yorkshire debut in 1930.

Bowes made only eight championship appearances for Yorkshire in 1929 but he took 40 wickets, five per match, and achieved the very low average of 17.77 which only Rhodes bettered among Yorkshire bowlers. Bowes' best bowling return in 1929 was an outstanding eight for 77 in late July against Leicestershire at the Dewsbury and Savile Ground. Yorkshire's view of his contribution is unclear and Kilburn wrote that they "were not, apparently, convinced". When MCC offered him a nine-year extension to his Lord's ground staff contract, Yorkshire did not dissuade him from signing even though it gave MCC continued first call on his services, per the existing agreement with Lord Hawke, and consequently he played for MCC against Yorkshire on several occasions.

1930 to 1932
Bowes really established himself in 1930 when, despite not being a regular choice early on, he took 100 wickets in a season for the first time. This became a habit and he reached the milestone in all but one season in the 1930s, the exception being 1937 when a major ankle injury curtailed his appearances. In 1930, he took 101 wickets at 19.54 with a best return of eight for 69.

Bowes in 1930 was a significant factor in what Kilburn called Yorkshire's "year of changeover". Rhodes retired at the end of the season with his replacement Verity already in situ. Arthur Wood, with whom Bowes was to work so well, established himself as the successor to Arthur Dolphin as Yorkshire's keeper. Yorkshire's batting was already strong, based on the triumvirate of Sutcliffe, Holmes and Leyland. It has always been said that bowlers win both matches and championships; in the partnership of Bowes and Verity, Yorkshire were onto a winning combination. For his part, Verity with his slow-medium left-arm bowling was virtually unplayable on sticky wickets, while Bowes enhanced his natural armoury of pace, lift and in-swing by learning how to bowl out-swing too. As Kilburn put it, 1930 was a season that "gave sight of the great team to come as the embers of a great team past were being raked out".

Learning to bowl the outswinger (later described by Trueman as "the ball that gets the great batsmen out") transformed the promising Bowes into the finished product and made him the most effective new-ball bowler of his time. Derek Hodgson in the official Yorkshire history wrote that Bowes had relied on his pace, bounce and a big in-swing, but he learned diligently, listening to his peers and especially to the then Yorkshire scorer Billy Ringrose, who had been a renowned out-swinger of his day.

Bowes himself recalled in his autobiography that "the penny finally dropped" when he read in a coaching booklet written by Herbert Sutcliffe, who was not a bowler, that placement of the feet in the delivery stride was key to bowling the outswinger. Bowes experimented and was successful. As Hodgson put it, "once he had included the away (sic) swinger in his armoury, Bowes moved from county to Test-class fast bowler". Kilburn wrote that with his ability "to bowl and control the outswinger, he became more than a fast bowler". His pace was already lively enough and his exceptional height (he was 6 foot 4 inches tall) "enabled him to pitch a length that could draw an unwilling forward stroke yet lift the ball sharply to shoulder of the bat or onto fingers". With two-way swing as well as lift and a judicious use of the bouncer, Bowes simply had "too many weapons for most batsmen playing at county level" and was a considerable handful for Test-class batsmen too.

In 1931, Yorkshire won the Championship for the first time since 1925 and Bowes took 136 first-class wickets at 15.66 with a best return of seven for 71 and completed ten wickets in a match four times.

In 1932, Yorkshire won their sixteenth Championship with a major contribution from Bowes who took 190 first-class wickets at 15.14 with a best return of nine for 121, also his career-best, and completed ten wickets in a match five times.

1932–33 tour of Australia and New Zealand
Bowes was a late selection, just three days before the ship sailed, for England's tour of Australia and New Zealand in 1932–33. He played in only the second Test on the Australian leg of the tour, at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, in which he bowled Don Bradman first ball and that was his only wicket in the match, which Australia won by 111 runs.

Bowes played in the second Test against New Zealand at Eden Park in Auckland and took six for 34 on the first day to bowl New Zealand out for only 158. England replied with 548 for seven declared, including 336* by Wally Hammond. It was a three-day match and the final day was ruined by rain, New Zealand scoring sixteen without loss as the game ended in a draw. Bowes played in twelve first-class matches on the tour and took 37 wickets with his best performance the six for 34 in the Auckland Test.

1933 to 1935
In the following two years, Bowes' frequent use of the bouncer was widely criticised but he continued to be the most potent bowler in the country on good pitches.

In 1933, Yorkshire won a third successive title, Bowes taking 159 first-class wickets at 17.78 with a best return of eight for 69 and completed ten wickets in a match five times.

In the 1934 Ashes series, Bowes was arguably England's best bowler with good performances in the Tests at Old Trafford and The Oval.

In 1934, Yorkshire lost the title to Lancashire. Bowes took 147 first-class wickets at 19.45 with a best return of seven for 34 and completed ten wickets in a match twice.

In 1935, Bowes was disappointing in the Tests but his bowling was a significant factor in another Yorkshire championship.

In 1935, with Yorkshire winning their eighteenth title, Bowes achieved a career-high season haul of 193 first-class wickets at 15.44 with a best return of eight for 17 and completed ten wickets in a match five times.

1936 to 1937
Yorkshire undertook a pre-season tour of Jamaica in February and March 1936, playing three first-class matches against Jamaica and some minor matches. Bowes played in all three games against Jamaica and took eleven wickets with a best return of four for 64.

In the 1936 season, Bowes was plagued by a series of minor injuries. Doubts about his fitness prevented him touring Australia though he headed the County Championship bowling averages.

In 1936, Yorkshire conceded the title to neighbours Derbyshire. Bowes took 123 first-class wickets at 13.40 with a best return of eight for 56 and completed ten wickets in a match twice.

Bowes sustained a serious ankle injury in the opening match of the 1937 season, starting on 1 May, and could not play again until 23 June. Despite the loss of their main pace bowler for nearly two months, Yorkshire won their nineteenth title. In 21 matches, Bowes took 82 first-class wickets at 19.58 with a best return of seven for 56 and completed ten wickets in a match once.

1938 to 1939
Fully fit in 1938, Bowes headed the first-class averages and his bowling helped England to a massive win at The Oval after Len Hutton had scored a world record 364.

In 1938, as Yorkshire won their twentieth title, Bowes took 121 first-class wickets at 15.23 with a best return of six for 32.

In 1939, poor weather conditions restricted his opportunities in the Tests against the West Indies, but Bowes proved unplayable on a wet pitch at Old Trafford and was second to Verity in the Test averages.

In 1939, Yorkshire completed a third successive title, Bowes taking 122 first-class wickets at 14.48 with a best return of seven for 50 and ten wickets in a match once.

Second World War
In the Second World War, Bowes was commissioned in the British Army as a gunnery officer and served in North Africa until he was captured, along with over 30,000 other Allied troops, after the fall of Tobruk in June 1942. He spent three years in Italian and German prisoner-of-war camps and lost over four stone in weight.

1946 to 1947
After the war, Bowes could only bowl medium-pace for short spells, due to his age and the effects of his incarceration.

In 1945, Bowes in his only first-class match took three for 22.

Bowes made his final Test appearance in the first match against India in 1946. Yorkshire retained the championship, their 22nd title, and Bowes took 65 first-class wickets at 15.18 with a best return of five for 17.

In 1947, Yorkshire slipped down the table as Middlesex and Gloucestershire fought for the title in a summer of glorious weather. Bowes took 73 first-class wickets at 17.49 with a best return of six for 23. He received a then-record benefit of £8,000 raised in the match against Middlesex at Headingley on 28 and 30 June. Bowes retired from playing at the end of the 1947 season. Cricket correspondent Colin Bateman summarised his career by writing: "Bowes' Test bowling average of 22 runs per wicket is outstanding for his era, his (first-class) career average of 16 is quite astonishing".

Style and technique
In Barclays World of Cricket, Bowes is described as a bowler who "missed no opportunity to learn by tutorial and experiment". He rapidly developed into a new-ball bowler of "uncommon liveliness and control". His deliveries achieved significant and disconcerting "lift" thanks to his great height and high action. This, coupled with his ability to "swing" the ball and his "line and length" control made him a formidable opponent.

Colin Bateman wrote that Bowes "never looked like a cricketer" as "his fielding was clumsy at best and his batting so poor that he scored fewer runs than he took wickets". As a bowler, however, he had few equals during his best years in the 1930s. Very tall and willowy, Bowes was, after his early years, only medium-pace through the air but, thanks to his high action, could make the ball bounce very fast off the Yorkshire pitches of his time. He was able to sustain his attack for lengthy periods and, with the new ball, could generate an extremely deceptive "swerve" with the ability to swing the ball in both directions. At times, he was criticised for pitching too short, but in later years, with loss of pace, Bowes found greater reward in attacking the stumps.

Retirement and personal life
When Bowes went to London in April 1928 to join the MCC staff, he lodged with the Beaumont family in Pinner who were friends of his parents. He lived there for many years while he was attached to MCC. It was through them that he met his wife, Esme, who was their niece. They were married at St Peter's Church, Harrow, on 30 September 1933 and had two children Tony (born 1935) and Vera (1939). Bowes was a devoted family man who loved walking his dog.

After he retired from playing, Bowes was a bowling coach at Yorkshire for many years and worked with, among others, the young Fred Trueman. Bowes had greater ability as a writer and became a cricket correspondent for Leeds-based newspaper The Yorkshire Post.

He wrote numerous articles for Wisden Cricketers' Almanack in which he showed how he experienced the game as a bowler, and his response to the problems (negative bowling) that cricket faced during the 1950s and 1960s. His responses focused on the everyday cricketer and showed a belief that club cricket, not county or Test cricket, should be seen as the core and building block of the game.

He joined the Freemasons in 1935, being initiated in to Lodge of Peace No. 3988.

Bill Bowes died following a heart attack on 4 September 1987, in Otley, West Yorkshire, at the age of 79.

title: Bill Bowes


text:
User talk:Doucher

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Welcome, newcomer!

Here are some useful tips to ease you into the Wikipedia experience:

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Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can most easily reach me by posting on my talk page.

You can sign your name on any page by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~~~~.

Best of luck, and have fun!

--Adenosine | Talk 09:04, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for correcting the mayor of Brooks. Cadillac 20:51, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Triangle of U Simple.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:Triangle of U Simple.JPG. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. JesseW, the juggling janitor 04:06, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Doucher


text:
Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Gradiška is a city in Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 51,727 inhabitants, while the city of Gradiška has a population of 14,368 inhabitants.

It is geographically located in eastern Krajina region, and the town is situated on the Lijevče plain, on the right bank of the Sava river across from Stara Gradiška, Croatia, and about 40 km north of Banja Luka.

History
In the Roman period this town was of strategic importance; a port of the Roman fleet was situated here. Among notable archaeological findings are a viaduct.

Gradiški Brod is mentioned for the first time as a town in c. 1330. It had a major importance as the location where the Sava river used to be crossed. By 1537, the town and its surroundings came under Ottoman rule.

The Ottoman built a fortress, which served as the Bosnia Eyalet's northern defense line. The town was also called Berbir because of the fortress.

Following the outbreak of the First Serbian Uprising (1804), in the Sanjak of Smederevo (modern Central Serbia), the Jančić's Revolt broke out in the Gradiška region against the Ottoman government in the Bosnia Eyalet, following the erosion of the economic, national and religious rights of Serbs. Hajduks also arrived from Serbia, and were especially active on the Kozara. Jovan Jančić Sarajlija organized the uprising with help from Metropolitan Benedikt Kraljević. The peasants took up arms on 23 September 1809, in the region of Gradiška, beginning from Mašići. The fighting began on 25 September, and on the same night, the Ottomans captured and executed Jančić. The rebels retreated to their villages, except those in Kozara and Motajica who continued, and offered strong resistance until their defeat in mid-October, after extensive looting and burning of villages by the Ottomans. Another revolt broke out in 1834, in Mašići.

Ottoman rule ended with the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1878), following the Herzegovina Uprising (1875–77). Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina ended in 1918, when the South Slavic Austro-Hungarian territories proclaimed the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, which subsequently joined the Kingdom of Serbia into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

From 1929 to 1941 Gradiška was part of the Vrbas Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

During Yugoslavia, the town was known as Bosanska Gradiška (Босанска Градишка). During the Bosnian War, the town was incorporated into Republika Srpska. After the war, the RS National Assembly changed the name, omitting bosanska ("Bosnian"), as was done with many other towns (Kostajnica, Dubica, Novi Grad, Petrovo, Šamac).

In the night of 18 November 2004, Catholic priest and parson Kazimir Višaticki was murdered in the clergy house of the St. Roch parish in Gradiška.

Settlements
Aside from the town of Gradiška, the municipality includes total of 74 other settlements:

 * Adžići
 * Baraji
 * Berek
 * Bistrica
 * Bok Jankovac
 * Brestovčina
 * Bukovac
 * Bukvik
 * Cerovljani
 * Cimiroti
 * Čatrnja
 * Čelinovac
 * Čikule
 * Donja Dolina
 * Donja Jurkovica
 * Donji Karajzovci
 * Donji Podgradci
 * Dragelji
 * Dubrave
 * Dušanovo
 * Elezagići
 * Gašnica
 * Gornja Dolina
 * Gornja Jurkovica
 * Gornja Lipovača

 * Gornji Karajzovci
 * Gornji Podgradci
 * Grbavci
 * Greda
 * Jablanica
 * Jazovac
 * Jelići
 * Kijevci
 * Kočićevo
 * Kozara
 * Kozinci
 * Krajčinovci
 * Krajišnik
 * Kruškik
 * Laminci Brezici
 * Laminci Dubrave
 * Laminci Jaružani
 * Laminci Sređani
 * Liskovac
 * Lužani
 * Mačkovac
 * Mašići
 * Mičije
 * Miloševo Brdo

 * Miljevići
 * Mokrice
 * Nova Topola
 * Novo Selo
 * Orahova
 * Orubica
 * Petrovo Selo
 * Rogolji
 * Romanovci
 * Rovine
 * Samardžije
 * Seferovci
 * Sovjak
 * Srednja Jurkovica
 * Šaškinovci
 * Šimići
 * Trebovljani
 * Trnovac
 * Trošelji
 * Turjak
 * Uzari
 * Vakuf
 * Vilusi
 * Vrbaška
 * Žeravica

Culture
The town has a Serbian Orthodox cathedral dedicated to the Mother of God. There is also a mosque called the Džamija Begluk.

Sports
Local football club Kozara have played in the top tier of the Bosnia and Herzegovina football pyramid but spent most seasons in the country's second level First League of the Republika Srpska.

Economy
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):

Notable residents

 * Alojzije Mišić, Roman Catholic bishop
 * Amar Hrnjić Bosnian footballer
 * Atif Dudaković, Bosnian war-time army general
 * Branko Grahovac, football goalkeeper
 * Dženan Čišija, Swedish politician
 * Goran Zakarić, Bosnian footballer
 * Kristajan Zelonka Serbian footballer
 * Marko Marin, German footballer
 * Milan Janković, footballer
 * Miloš Stanišljević Serbian local resident from Turjak
 * Miodrag Latinović, retired footballer
 * Nazif Hajdarović, footballer
 * Nordin Gerzić, Swedish footballer
 * Ognjen Ožegović, Serbian footballer, European U-19 champion
 * Ozren Perić, footballer
 * Ratko Varda, basketball player
 * Safet Halilović, politician
 * Sergej "Mandarina" Milinovic, a final boss of Gradiska
 * Tatjana Pašalić, poker presenter
 * Vaso Čubrilović, politician and historian, member of Black Hand organisation and participant in the conspiracy to kill Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.
 * Veljko Čubrilović, member of Black Hand organisation
 * Vinko Marinović, former Serbian footballer, now manager
 * Vlado Jagodić, former footballer, now manager
 * Zlatko Janjić, footballer
 * Zvjezdan Misimović, Bosnian footballer

Twin towns and sister cities
Gradiška is twinned with:

 * 🇬🇷 Kavala, Greece (1994)
 * 🇷🇸 Ćuprija, Serbia (1994)
 * 🇲🇰 Negotino, North Macedonia (2006)
 * 🇮🇹 Montesilvano, Italy (2018)
 * 🇷🇸 Palilula, Serbia (2019)
 * 🇷🇸 Zubin Potok, Serbia (2021)

Partnerships
Gradiška also cooperates with:

 * 🇧🇦 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Bosanska Krupa, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Cazin, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Čelinac, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Doboj, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Kozarska Dubica, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Gračanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Gradačac, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Kalesija, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Konjic, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Maglaj, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Modriča, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Novi Grad, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Odžak, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Orašje, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Prijedor, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Prnjavor, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Sanski Most, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Srebrenik, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Šamac, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Teslić, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Tešanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Vareš, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Velika Kladuša, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Žepče, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Živinice, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Laktaši, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2018)
 * 🇷🇸 Čačak, Serbia (2018)
 * 🇲🇪 Herceg Novi, Montenegro (2018)
 * Hersonissos, Greece (2018)
 * Labin, Croatia (2018)
 * Nova Gorica, Slovenia (2018)
 * 🇮🇹 Ragusa, Italia (2018)
 * 🇦🇱 Shkodër, Albania (2018)
 * 🇦🇱 Tiranë, Albania (2018)
 * Daruvar, Croatia (2020)
 * Lipik, Croatia (2020)
 * 🇮🇹 Jesi, Italia (2020)
 * 🇮🇹 Marche, Italia (2020)
 * Mošćenička Draga, Croatia (2020)
 * 🇲🇪 Kotor, Montenegro (2020)
 * 🇦🇱 Tepelenë, Albania (2020)

title: Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina


text:
Derventa

Derventa (Дервента) is a city in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in the Posavina region, northwest of the city of Doboj. As of 2013, the town has a total of 11,631 inhabitants, while the municipality has 27,404 inhabitants.

Geography
The Derventa municipality borders with Brod, Modriča, Doboj, Stanari, Prnjavor and Srbac, as well as Croatia across the Sava river. It has an area of 517 km2.

The town of Derventa lies on the river Ukrina, and roads lead from it to Brod, Kotorsko (Doboj), Prnjavor (Banja Luka) and Srbac.

The town has a suburb called Derventski Lug which has grown substantially in recent years due to growth of Municipality.

History
From 1929 to 1939, Derventa was part of the Vrbas Banovina and from 1939 to 1941 of the Banovina of Croatia within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

Prior to the Bosnian War, there was a significant population of ethnic Croats within Derventa, while the majority were Bosniaks. When the war started, some of the prominent Serbs within the town took up certain positions of power. During the war, the major fighting factions were the HVO and the VRS, with some units from the ARBiH participating in the conflict. The HVO controlled the town for a short period in the early stages of the war during which it committed several attrocities against the Serb population. The HVO eventually lost control of Derventa after Operacija Koridor '92 by the VRS and they were pushed up north, and as a result of the battle most of the Croats and Bosniaks were ethnically cleansed from the area, and Serb refugees from war-affected regions shortly settled in the town.

After the Dayton Agreement in 1995, some Bosniak and Croat refugees returned to Derventa.

Settlements
Aside from the town of Derventa, the municipality and consists of 56 following settlements: Agići

Begluci

Bijelo Brdo

Bosanski Dubočac

Brezici

Bukovac

Bukovica Mala

Bukovica Velika

Bunar

Cerani

Crnča

Dažnica

Donja Bišnja

Donja Lupljanica

Donji Detlak

Donji Višnjik

Drijen

Gornja Bišnja

Gornja Lupljanica

Gornji Božinci

Gornji Detlak

Gornji Višnjik

Gradac

Gradina

Kalenderovci Donji

Kalenderovci Gornji

Kostreš

Kovačevci

Kulina

Kuljenovci

Derventski Lug

Lužani

Lužani Bosanski

Lužani Novi

Mala Sočanica

Mišinci

Miškovci

Modran

Osinja

Osojci

Pjevalovac

Pojezna

Poljari

Polje

Rapćani

Stanići

Šušnjari

Tetima

Trstenci

Tunjestala

Velika

Velika Sočanica

Vrhovi

Zelenike

Žeravac

Živinice

Economy
The following table gives a preview of the total number of registered people employed in professional fields per their core activity (as of 2018):

Sports
The most popular sport in Derventa is football and the town has a long footballing tradition. Derventa's first football club was formed in 1919 under the name FK Dečko. Several other sports associations formed in Derventa prior to the outbreak of the Second World War. The war caused the dissolution of all previous clubs in Derventa and the formation of FK Tekstilac, who merged with FK Dečko. FK Tekstilac still competes to this day in the First League of the Republika Srpska and its home ground is Gradski Stadion FK Tekstilac, which has an attendance capacity of around 500 spectators. Derventa's most successful sports team is RK Derventa, which currently competes in the Premier league of Bosnia and Herzegovina for handball, which is the nation's top professional handball division. Derventa is known throughout the region for its tradition of handball excellence, creating many great players as well as having a very successful club given the size of the town.

Notable people

 * Vedran Ćorluka (born 1986), footballer
 * Mile Kitić (born 1952), folk singer
 * Miroslav Pejić (born 1986), footballer
 * Mario Tokić (born 1975), footballer

 * Radenka Maric, President of the University of Connecticut

 * Ivan Martić (born 1990), footballer
 * Abaz Arslanagić (born 1944), handball player and coach
 * Muhamed Memić (born 1960), handball player
 * Sulejman Medenčević (born 1963), cinematographer
 * Senad Lupić (born 1966), footballer
 * Zoran Rankić (1935–2019), actor
 * Alojz Benac (1914–1992), archaeologist

Twin Town – Sister City
Derventa is twinned with:
 * 🇮🇹 Pinerolo, Italy

title: Derventa


text:
Gračanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Gračanica is a city located in Tuzla Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, east of Doboj and west of Tuzla. As of 2013, it has a population of 45,220 inhabitants.

Gračanica
Gračanica is located in the lower valley of the River Sokoluša along the main road from Tuzla to Doboj, about 50 km west of Tuzla.

Settlements
Babići

Doborovci

Donja Lohinja

Džakule

Gornja Lohinja

Gračanica

Lendići

Lukavica

Malešići

Miričina

Orahovica Donja

Orahovica Gornja

Piskavica

Pribava

Prijeko Brdo

Rašljeva

Skipovac Donji

Skipovac Gornji

Sočkovac

Soko

Stjepan Polje

Škahovica

Vranovići

History
The earliest documented references to Gračanica date back to 1528 in Ottoman archives, where it was identified for its iron mine. Approximately 4 km (2.5 mi) from the town, a medieval fortress named Sokol existed. Gračanica attained town status in 1548. During the 17th century, it underwent expansion facilitated by Ahmed-paša Budimlija, who constructed the White Mosque, a public bath, and a clock tower. Under the Austrian Empire, Gračanica witnessed substantial economic, urban, and cultural advancements. From 1929 to 1941, Gračanica was part of the Vrbas Banovina within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

Climate
In January, the average temperature is 1.8 °C (35.2 °F), while in July, it rises to 23.3 °C (73.9 °F).

This region is known for its limited precipitation, with an annual average of 830mm/m2. The highest precipitation occurs in May (121mm) and June (101mm), while March records the lowest (41mm). Snowfall is most frequent in January, February, and March, with an average of 50 days per year. Gračanica exhibits a continental climate type.

Notable people

 * Branko Cvetković, basketball player
 * Muhamed Konjić, football player
 * Mitar Lukić, football player
 * Vedin Musić, football player
 * Arminka Helić, politician

Twin towns – sister cities
Gračanica is twinned with:
 * 🇫🇷 Fleury-les-Aubrais, France
 * 🇮🇹 Formia, Italy
 * 🇲🇪 Pljevlja, Montenegro

Sports

 * NK Bratstvo Gračanica, an association football club
 * RK Gračanica, a handball club

title: Gračanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina


text:
Lukavac

Lukavac is a city located in the Tuzla Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 2013 census, the urban centre has a population of 12,061 inhabitants, with 44,520 inhabitants in the city.

Geography
Lukavac covers an area of 352,66 km2. It shares borders with the cities and municipalities of: Tuzla, Živinice, Banovići, Zavidovići, Maglaj, Petrovo, Gračanica and Srebrenik.

Apart from the urban centre, the city comprises the following villages: Babice Donje • Babice Gornje • Berkovica • Bikodže • Bistarac Donji • Bistarac Gornji • Bokavići • Borice • Brijesnica Donja • Brijesnica Gornja • Caparde • Cerik • Crveno Brdo • Devetak • Dobošnica • Gnojnica • Huskići • Jaruške Donje • Jaruške Gornje • Kalajevo • Komari • Krtova • Kruševica • Lukavac • Lukavac Gornji • Mičijevići • Milino Selo • Modrac • Orahovica • Poljice • Prline • Prokosovići • Puračić • Smoluća Donja • Smoluća Gornja • Semići • Sižje • Stupari • Šikulje • Tabaci • Tumare • Turija • Vasiljevci • Vijenac

1971
In 1971, the population of Lukavac was 51,781, made up of:
 * 34,010 Bosniaks (65.68%)
 * 13,526 Serbs (26.12%)
 * 3,111 Croats (6.00%)
 * 613 Yugoslavs (1.18%)
 * 521 others (1.02%)

1991
In the 1991 census, Lukavac municipality had 56,830 residents:
 * Bosniaks (66.8%)
 * Serbs (21.5%)
 * Croats (3.8%)
 * others (8%)

2013
In the 2013 census the municipality of Lukavac had 44,520 residents:
 * Bosniaks (86.6%)
 * Serbs (3.4%)
 * Croats (3.4%)
 * others (6.6%)

Economy
Lukavac has a strong chemical industry, like the whole Tuzla Canton. The main factories are Soda Lukavac, member of the Turkish Şişecam group and Fabrika Cementa Lukavac — FCL (The Lukavac Cement Factory).

Sports
The city's football club is FK Radnički Lukavac. There is also the Aikido Club "GARD" Lukavac.

The city's karate club (previously known as KK Reweus) has achieved top honours in worldwide karate competitions, and has produced some of the best karate champions in the region. Members of the club regularly represent Bosnia and Herzegovina's national team in world championships.

Notable residents

 * Amir Osmanović, footballer
 * Sead Osmić, footballer

Twin towns – sister cities
Lukavac is twinned with:
 * 🇲🇪 Ulcinj, Montenegro
 * 🇸🇮 Velenje, Slovenia

title: Lukavac


text:
Talk:List of mountain peaks by prominence

Error on Pico Cristobol Colon?
Why is it associated with Aconcagua in the table? They are geographically far from each other and I assume that is a mistake. 69.116.185.163 (talk) 10:54, 30 June 2023 (UTC)

 * It doesn't really matter that they're far apart. Notice that the Kilimanjaro is associated with mount Everest Eve though they are not even in the same continent. The "parent peak" doesn't actually need to be close 176.230.98.161 (talk) 20:38, 1 February 2024 (UTC)

Errors in table. Out of sync.
Errors in table. Out of sync. 88.97.108.45 (talk) 15:51, 2 November 2023 (UTC)

Mt. Hermon
mt. Hermon is listed here as belonging to Lebanon and Syria exclusively. As the southern peak of the mountain is controlled by israel, higher than the highest point controlled by lebanon, and because none of it is controlled in practice by Syria, I think it will be right to at least add israel to the list of locations 2A0D:6FC7:552:E2E5:AC87:47FF:FE11:66A4 (talk) 20:09, 23 January 2024 (UTC)