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Someday My Prince Will Come (Miles Davis album)

Someday My Prince Will Come is the seventh studio album by Miles Davis for Columbia Records, catalogue CL 1656 and CS 8456 in stereo, released in 1961. Recorded at Columbia's 30th Street Studio in Manhattan, New York City, it marked the only Miles Davis Quintet studio recording session to feature saxophonist Hank Mobley.

Background
In 1959, Cannonball Adderley left to form his own group with his brother, reducing the sextet to a quintet. Drummer Jimmy Cobb and pianist Wynton Kelly had been hired in 1958. John Coltrane stayed in the group for a spring tour of Europe, but left to form his own quartet in the summer of 1960. In 1960, Davis went through saxophonists Jimmy Heath and Sonny Stitt before settling on Hank Mobley in December, the band re-stabilizing for the next two years.

Composition
Unlike Kind of Blue, which featured nothing but group originals, this album paired equal numbers of Miles Davis tunes and pop standards, including the title song resurrected from the 1937 Disney film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. The titles of all three Davis originals refer to specific individuals: "Pfrancing" to his wife Frances, featured on the album cover; "Teo" to his producer Teo Macero; and "Drad Dog" (Goddard reversed) to Columbia Records president Goddard Lieberson. While the cover credits the Miles Davis Sextet, only the title track featured six players, Coltrane making two cameo appearances on the album, taking solos on the title track and "Teo", playing instead of Mobley on the latter. On March 21, ex-Davis drummer Philly Joe Jones made his final contribution to a Davis session, replacing Cobb for the original "Blues No. 2", which was not used on the album.

Re-issue
On June 8, 1999, Legacy Records reissued the album for compact disc with two bonus tracks including the unused "Blues No. 2" and an alternative take of "Someday My Prince Will Come".

Critical reception
In a contemporary review for Down Beat, Ira Gitler praised Coltrane's solo on the title track while finding Kelly equally exceptional as both a soloist and comping musician. "His single-lines are simultaneously hard and soft. Cobb and Chambers groove perfectly together and with Kelly", Gitler wrote. "The rhythm section, individually and as a whole, is very well-recorded." The magazine's Howard Mandel later viewed Someday My Prince Will Come as "a commercial realization rather than an artistic exploration" but nonetheless "lovely", highlighted by each musician's careful attention to notes and dynamics, and among Davis's most "romantic, bluesy and intentionally seductive programs".

The album is ranked number 994 in All-Time Top 1000 Albums (3rd edition, 2000).

Track listing

 * Sides one and two were combined as tracks 1–6 on CD reissues.

Musicians

 * Miles Davis – trumpet
 * Hank Mobley – tenor saxophone on all tracks except "Teo"
 * John Coltrane – tenor saxophone on "Someday My Prince Will Come" (master) and "Teo"
 * Wynton Kelly – piano
 * Paul Chambers – bass
 * Jimmy Cobb – drums all tracks except "Blues No. 2"
 * Philly Joe Jones – drums on "Blues No. 2"

Production

 * Teo Macero – producer
 * Fred Plaut, Frank Laico – engineers
 * Bob Cato – album cover design
 * Frances Davis – cover model
 * Michael Cuscuna, Bob Belden – reissue producers
 * Mark Wilder – digital remastering engineer
 * Seth Rothstein – reissue project coordinator
 * Howard Fritzson – reissue art direction
 * Eddie Henderson – reissue liner notes


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Abeno Station

Abeno Station (阿倍野駅) is a metro station on the Tanimachi Line of the Osaka Metro and a tram stop on the Hankai Uemachi Line in Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan.

Station layout

 * Osaka Metro Tanimachi Line (T28)
 * an island platform serving two tracks under Abeno-suji.

 * Hankai Uemachi Line (HN02)
 * two side platforms serving a track each on Abeno-suji.

Public

 * Osaka City Abeno Life Safety Learning Center
 * Abeno Kumin Center
 * Osaka Municipal Abeno Library
 * Kansai Electric Power Company, Inc. Abeno Substation

Market

 * Abeno BELTA
 * Kansai Super
 * abeno CUES TOWN
 * Abeno Marche
 * Kintetsu Department Store

Others

 * Tsuji Group (cooking school)
 * Magata Shōten (Tonkatsu KYK, Curry San Marco)
 * Tobita Shinchi

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Abeno Station


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Jack Gardner (basketball)

James H. Gardner (March 29, 1910 – April 9, 2000) was an American college basketball coach, known for his tenures as the head coach at Kansas State University and the University of Utah. He is a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.

Born in Texico, New Mexico, Gardner was raised in southern California, and was a four-sport athlete in high school at Redlands. A graduate of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, he was the captain of the Trojan basketball team and led the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) in scoring. Gardner coached at Kansas State from 1939 to 1942 and 1946 to 1953, compiling a 147–81 record with the Wildcats, and thereafter coaching at Utah from 1953 to 1971, compiling a 339–154 record. His career college record was .670.

In his second stint at Kansas State, following World War II, Gardner's teams won three conference crowns and captured two Big Eight Holiday Tournament championships. His 1950–51 team finished 25–4 and lost in the finals of the NCAA tournament to the University of Kentucky. That team was arguably the best in K-State history, and one of two that reached the Final Four during his tenure (the other was in 1948). He had six All-Americans at Kansas State, including Ernie Barrett.

Gardner left Manhattan, Kansas, in 1953 to take over the head coaching reins at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, where he remained for 18 years. He led the Utes to six appearances in the NCAA tournament and two Final Four appearances (1961 & 1966). To date, Gardner remains one of only three coaches to twice lead two different programs to the Final Four, along with Roy Williams and Rick Pitino, and won eight conference titles. Between 1959 and 1962, his teams compiled a .830 record; Gardner was often referred to as "The Fox" and known for his fast-break style, putting the "run" into the "Runnin' Utes." He had five All-Americans at Utah, including Billy "The Hill" McGill.

Gardner is a member of the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame as well as ten other Halls of Fame. He was inducted into the Kansas Sports Hall of Fame in 2000 and is also a member of the Southern Utah Hall of Fame, Utah All-Sports Hall of Fame, State of Utah Basketball Hall of Fame, Helms Foundation Hall of Fame, Kansas State University Hall of Fame, Crimson Club (University of Utah), Modesto Junior College Hall of Fame, Redlands High School Hall of Fame, and College Basketball Hall of Fame. He was also the recipient of the National Association of Basketball Coaches' Golden Anniversary Award.

Gardner worked as a consultant for the Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1979 (when the team moved from New Orleans) until 1995. He is credited with discovering point guard John Stockton from Gonzaga University while working for the Jazz.

Gardner died at age 90 in 2000 in Salt Lake City.

title: Jack Gardner (basketball)


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Double-track railway

A double-track railway usually involves running one track in each direction, compared to a single-track railway where trains in both directions share the same track.

Overview
In the earliest days of railways in the United Kingdom, most lines were built as double-track because of the difficulty of co-ordinating operations before the invention of the telegraph. The lines also tended to be busy enough to be beyond the capacity of a single track. In the early days the Board of Trade did not consider any single-track railway line to be complete.

In the earliest days of railways in the United States most lines were built as single-track for reasons of cost, and very inefficient timetable working systems were used to prevent head-on collisions on single lines. This improved with the development of the telegraph and the train order system.

Handedness

In any given country, rail traffic generally runs to one side of a double-track line, not always the same side as road traffic. Thus in Belgium, China, France (apart from the classic lines of the former German Alsace and Lorraine), Sweden (apart from Malmö and further south), Switzerland, Italy and Portugal for example, the railways use left-hand running, while the roads use right-hand running. However, there are many exceptions:
 * Metro systems often are RHT, even when the heavy rail network runs on the left.
 * In Finland, rail traffic is mainly RHT, with the exception of the Ring Rail Line and the separate commuter rail tracks to Kerava and Leppävaara in Helsinki area which use LHT.
 * In Switzerland, the Lausanne Metro and railways in the Germany border area, as well as all tram systems, use RHT.
 * In countries such as Indonesia, it is the reverse (right-hand running for railways and left-hand running for roads).
 * In Spain, where rails are RHT, metro systems in Madrid and Bilbao use LHT.
 * In Sweden, the tram systems in Gothenburg (except for Angered station and stations with island platforms), Lund, Norrköping and Stockholm (except the Alvik – Alleparken section) are RHT. The railroads (and the metro) use LHT in general, but in Malmö they use RHT due to the connection to Denmark.
 * In Ukraine, some sections of Kryvyi Rih Metrotram use LHT due to tramcars having doors only on right side, which makes it impossible to use RHT at stations with island platforms.
 * On the pre-1918 French-German border, for example, flyovers were provided so that trains moving on the left in France end up on the right in Germany and vice versa.
 * In the United States, three Metra commuter railroad lines formerly owned by the CNW near Chicago operate with left-hand running, a historical oddity caused by the original placement of station buildings and the directionality of travel demand.

Locomotive design
Handedness of traffic can affect locomotive design. For the driver, visibility is usually good from both sides of the driving cab, so the choice of which side the driver should sit less important. For example, the French SNCF Class BB 7200 is designed to use the left-hand track and therefore uses LHD. When the design was modified for use in the Netherlands as NS Class 1600, the driving cab was not completely redesigned, keeping the driver on the left even though trains use the right-hand track in the Netherlands. Generally, the left/right principle in a country is followed mostly on double track. On steam trains, the steam boiler often obscured some of the view, so the driver was preferably placed nearest to the side of the railway, so that it was easier to see the signals. On single track, when trains meet, the train that does not stop often uses the straight path in the turnout, which can be left or right.

Bi-directional running

Double-track railways, especially older ones, may use each track exclusively in one direction. This arrangement simplifies the signalling systems, especially where the signalling is mechanical (e.g. semaphore signals).

Where the signals and points (UK term) or rail switches (US) are power-operated, it can be worthwhile to provide signals for each line which cater for movement in either direction, so that the double line becomes a pair of single lines. This allows trains to use one track where the other track is out of service due to track maintenance work, or a train failure, or for a fast train to overtake a slow train.

Crossing loops
Most crossing loops are not regarded as double-track even though they consist of multiple tracks. If the crossing loop is long enough to hold several trains, and to allow opposing trains to cross without slowing down or stopping, then that may be regarded as double-track. A more modern British term for such a layout is an extended loop.

Track centres
The distance between the tracks' centres makes a difference in cost and performance of a double-track line. The track centres can be as closely spaced and as cheap as possible, but maintenance must be done on the side. Signals for bi-directional working cannot be mounted between the tracks, so they must be mounted on the 'wrong' side of the line or on expensive signal bridges. For standard gauge tracks the distance may be 4 m or less. Track centres are usually further apart on high speed lines, as pressure waves knock each other as high-speed trains pass. Track centres are also usually further apart on sharp curves, and the length and width of trains is contingent on the minimum railway curve radius of the railway.

Increasing the width of track centres of 6 m or more makes it much easier to mount signals and overhead wiring structures. Very widely spaced centres at major bridges can have military value. It also makes it harder for rogue ships and barges to knock out both bridges in the same accident.

Railway lines in desert areas affected by sand dunes are sometimes built with the two tracks separated, so that if one is covered by sand, the other(s) are still serviceable.

If the standard track centre is changed, it can take a very long time for most or all tracks to be brought into line.

Accidents
On British lines, the space between the two running rails of a single railway track is called the "four foot" (owing to it being 'four foot something' in width), while the space between the different tracks is called the "six foot". It is not safe to stand in the gap between the tracks when trains pass by on both lines, as happened in the Bere Ferrers accident of 1917.

 * Narrow track centres on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway contributed to a fatal accident on opening day.
 * A US naval scientist and submarine pioneer, Captain Jacques, was killed getting out of the wrong side of a train at Hadley Wood in 1916.
 * Narrow track centres contribute to "Second Train Coming" accidents at level crossings since it is harder to see the second train – for example, the accident at Elsenham level crossing in 2005.

Temporary single track
When one track of a double-track railway is out of service for maintenance or a train breaks down, all trains may be concentrated on the one usable track. There may be bi-directional signalling and suitable crossovers to enable trains to move onto the other track expeditiously (such as the Channel Tunnel), or there may be some kind of manual safeworking to control trains on what is now a section of single track. See single-line working.

Accidents can occur if the temporary safeworking system is not implemented properly, as in:

 * Brühl train disaster, Germany – 2000.
 * Zoufftgen rail crash, France – 2006

Out-of-gauge trains
From time to time, railways are asked to transport exceptional loads such as massive electrical transformers that are too tall, too wide or too heavy to operate normally. Special measures must be carefully taken to plan successful and safe operation of out-of-gauge trains. For example, adjacent tracks of a double line might have to be shut down to avoid collisions with trains on those adjacent tracks.

Passing lanes
These are a form of crossing loop, but are long enough to allow trains approaching each other from opposite directions on single-track lines to cross (or pass) each other without reducing speed. In order for passing lanes to operate safely and effectively, trains must be timetabled so that they arrive at and enter the loop with close time tolerances, otherwise they will need to slow or even be brought to a complete stop to allow the oncoming train to pass. They are suited to lines with light to moderate traffic.

An example of where passing lanes have been installed in order to improve travel times and increase line capacity is the 160 km section of the Main Southern railway line in Australia between Junee and Albury. This was built as a single track line in stages between 1878 and 1881, and was partially duplicated between 2005 and 2010 by the construction of four passing lanes each 6 km long. In this instance, this was accomplished by extending pre-existing crossing loops of either 900 m or 1500 m in length.

Duplication
The process of expanding a single track to double track is called duplication or doubling, unless the expansion is to restore what was previously double track, in which case it is called redoubling.

The strongest evidence that a line was built as single-track and duplicated at a later date consists of major structures such as bridges and tunnels that are twinned. One example is the twin Slade tunnels on the Ilfracombe Branch Line in the UK. Twinned structures may be identical in appearance, or like some tunnels between Adelaide and Belair in South Australia, substantially different in appearance, being built to different structure gauges.

Tunnel duplication
Tunnels are confined spaces and are difficult to duplicate while trains keep on running. Generally they are duplicated by building a second tunnel. An exception is the Hoosac Tunnel, which was duplicated by enlarging the bore.

Carried-out provision for duplication

To reduce initial costs of a line that is certain to see heavy traffic in the future, a line may be built as single-track but with earthworks and structures designed for ready duplication. An example is the Strathfield to Hamilton line in New South Wales, which was constructed as mainly single-track in the 1880s, with full duplication completed around 1910. All bridges, tunnels, stations, and earthworks were built for double track. Stations with platforms with 11 ft centres had to be widened later to 12 ft centres, except for Gosford.

The former Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) line between Baltimore and Jersey City, now owned by CSX and Conrail Shared Assets Operations, is an example of a duplication line that was reduced to single-track in most locations, but has since undergone re-duplication in many places between Baltimore and Philadelphia when CSX increased freight schedules in the late 1990s.

Also:
 * Smardale Gill viaduct.
 * Westerham line.
 * The Menangle Bridge was single track (1863) but built for double track (1890s). A second track was laid temporarily to allow testing both tracks at once.
 * The Long Island Rail Road's Ronkonkoma Branch was originally single track for most of its length, but land for a double track was purchased as part of a project to electrify part of the line in the 1980s. A double track was laid along the rest of the segment in 2018.

Never-used provision for duplication
Some lines are built as single-track with provision for duplication, but the duplication is never carried out. Examples are:
 * Swanage Railway
 * Bluebell Railway: Horsted Keynes to Culver Junction (Lewes).
 * Keighley and Worth Valley Railway – including bridge and tunnels and a deviation.
 * Westerham in Kent.
 * Mid-Wales Railway (parts).
 * Neath and Brecon Railway
 * Monkerei Tunnel in New South Wales – double track size at summit reduces fume problem in tunnel.
 * Golgotha Tunnel near Eythorne on the East Kent Light Railway was only partly excavated for the second track.
 * Skitube Alpine Railway – A provision for a second 300-metre-long passing loop has been made inside the tunnel.
 * New Jezreel Valley railway – Planned as a double-tracked line, but only a single track has been constructed due to budgetary issues.
 * Linha do Leste and Linha do Alentejo in Portugal. The embankments in all bridges were built to double track but the second one was never installed.
 * West Coast Line (Sweden). The line through Varberg is single track but prepared for double track with long enough bridges over the track. The national traffic administration (and predecessor) has since 1980 planned to build the double track, but couldn't for reason of noise rules applying to reconstructions. A new tunnel with a station was considered too expensive but is in the time plan now.

Singling

When the capacity of a double-track railway is in excess of requirements, the two tracks may be reduced to one, in order to reduce maintenance costs and property taxes. In some countries this is called singling. Notable examples of this in the United Kingdom occurred on the Oxford–Worcester–Hereford, Princes Risborough–Banbury and Salisbury–Exeter main lines during the 1970s and 1980s. In all these cases, increases in traffic from the late 1990s have led to the partial reinstatement of double track. In New Zealand the Melling Line was singled to the Western Hutt Railway Station in Lower Hutt in 1958 after it became a branch line rather than part of the main Hutt Valley Line. Kirkby railway station (until 1977) and Ormskirk railway station (until 1970) were double-track railway, when they were converted into single-track railway with cross-platform interchange.

In New South Wales, Australia, the Main Western Railway between Wallerawang and Tarana, and between Gresham and Newbridge were singled in the 1990s. A new passing loop was opened on part of the closed track at Rydal in the Wallerawang–Tarana section during 2019.

Tunnel singling
A double-track tunnel with restricted clearances is sometimes singled to form a single track tunnel with more generous clearances, such as the Connaught Tunnel in Canada or the Tickhole Tunnel in New South Wales, Australia. In the case of the Tickhole Tunnel a new single-track tunnel was built and the two tracks in the original tunnel were replaced by one track in the centreline of the tunnel. Another case where this was necessary was the Hastings Line in the United Kingdom, where the tunnels were eventually singled to permit the passage of standard British-gauge rolling stock. Before the singling, narrow-bodied stock, specially constructed for the line, had to be used.

As part of the Regional Fast Rail project in Victoria, Australia, the rail line between Kyneton and Bendigo was converted from double- to single-track to provide additional clearance through tunnels and under bridges for trains travelling at up to 160 km/h.

A similar process can be followed on narrow bridges (like the Boyne Viaduct, a bridge just north of Drogheda railway station in Ireland).

The bridge over the Murray River between Albury and Wodonga is double-track, but because of insufficient strength in the bridge only one train is allowed on it at a time. The bridge has since been singled as part of the North East Line Standardisation with the old broad gauge track now disconnected but remains in place on the bridge.

Other tunnel singling

 * Hoosac Tunnel, Pan Am Railways, Massachusetts, US.
 * Old Main Line Subdivision, B&O, Maryland, US. Entire 58 mi subdivision was single-tracked to utilize higher clearances of the 9 tunnels on the line.
 * Whitehall Tunnel, B&O, Pennsylvania, US.

Wartime doubling
Railways that become especially busy in wartime and are duplicated, especially in World War I, may revert to single track when peace returns and the extra capacity is no longer required. The Flanders campaign saw duplication of the Hazebrouck–Ypres line, amongst other works.

Triple track

Severe gradients can make the headway in the uphill direction much worse than the headway in the downhill direction. Between Whittingham and Maitland, New South Wales, a third track was opened between Whittingham and Branxton in 2011 and Branxton to Maitland in 2012 to equalize the headway in both directions for heavy coal traffic. Triple track could be a compromise between double-track and quad-track; such a system was proposed south of Stockholm Central Station, but was cancelled in favor of Citybanan.

In Melbourne and Brisbane several double track lines have a third track signalled in both directions, so that two tracks are available in the peak direction during rush hours.

Triple track is used in some parts of the New York City Subway and on the Norristown High-Speed Line to add supplemental rush-hour services. The center track, which serves express trains, is signalled in both directions to allow two tracks to be used in the peak direction during rush hours; the outer tracks use bi-directional running and serve local trains exclusively in one direction. During service disruptions on one of the two outer tracks, trains could also bypass the affected sections on the center track.

The Union Pacific Railroad mainline through Nebraska has a 108 mi stretch of triple track between North Platte and Gibbon Junction, due to a high traffic density of 150 trains per day.

Portions of the Canadian National main line in the Greater Toronto Area and Southern Ontario are triple track to facilitate high traffic density of freight services, intercity, and suburban passenger trains sharing the same lines.

India, through its state-owned Indian Railways, has initiated the construction of a third track between Jhansi and Nagpur via Bhopal (approximately 590 km) for reducing the traffic load and delays in passenger train arrivals. The construction between Bina and Bhopal and between Itarsi and Budhni had been completed by April 2020.

Dual gauge
The Melbourne to Albury railway originally consisted of separate gauge and  gauge single track lines, but when traffic on the broad gauge declined, the lines were converted to bi-directional double track  gauge lines.

Quadruple track
Quadruple track consists of four parallel tracks. On a quad-track line, faster trains can overtake slower ones. Quadruple track is mostly used when there are "local" trains that stop often (or slow freight trains), and also faster inter-city or high-speed "express" trains. It can also be used in commuter rail or rapid transit. The layout can vary, often with the two outer tracks carrying the local trains that stop at every station so one side of stations can be reached without staircase; this can also be reversed, with express trains on the outside and locals on the inside, for example if staffed ticket booths are wanted, allowing one person for both directions. At other places two tracks on one half of the railway carry local trains and the other half faster trains. At the local train stations, the express trains can pass through the station at full speed. For example on the Nuremberg-Bamberg railway, which is quadruple track for most of its course, the inner two tracks are used by the S-Bahn Nuremberg whereas the outer tracks are used for regional express and Intercity Express trains. The section in northern Fürth where the line is "only" double track creates a major bottleneck. For Berlin Stadtbahn the two northern tracks are local S-Bahn and the two other for faster trains.

The most notable example of quadruple track in the United States, and perhaps the only four-track section of mainline therein, was the Pennsylvania Railroad's main corridor through the heart of Pennsylvania around the famous Horseshoe Curve. This line is now owned by Norfolk Southern. Other examples include the Hudson and New Haven Lines, both of which are shared between Metro-North and Amtrak in New York and Connecticut. The New Haven Line is quadruple track along its entire length, while the Hudson Line is only quadruple tracked along the shared portion from Riverdale to Croton–Harmon and along the shared track from Grand Central Terminal to Yankees–East 153rd Street. Amtrak's Northeast Corridor is quadruple tracked in most portions south of New Haven, but also has a few triple-track segments. The Metra Electric District is quadruple-tracked on most of the main line north of Kensington/115th Street station, with local trains running in the center two tracks, and express trains on the outer two tracks.

Outside the United States the Chūō Main Line is an example of a modern, heavily utilized urban quadruple track railway.

Quadruple track is used in rapid transit systems as well: throughout the New York City Subway, the Chicago "L"'s North Side Main Line, and SEPTA's Broad Street Line in the United States, and on the London Underground in the United Kingdom.

Non-parallel double track
The two tracks of a double-track railway do not have to follow the same alignment if the terrain is difficult. At Frampton, New South Wales, Australia, the uphill track follows something of a horseshoe curve at 1 in 75 gradient, while the shorter downhill track follows the original single track at 1 in 40 grades.

A similar arrangement to Frampton could not be adopted between Rydal and Sodwalls on the Main Western railway line because the 1 in 75 uphill track is on the wrong side of the 1 in 40 downhill track, so both tracks follow the 1 in 75 grade. Another example is at Gunning.

Between Junee and Marinna, New South Wales, Australia the two tracks are at different levels, with the original southbound and downhill track following ground level with a steep gradient, while the newer northbound and uphill track has a gentler gradient at the cost of more cut and fill.

At the Bethungra Spiral, Australia, the downhill track follows the original short and steep alignment, while the uphill track follows a longer, more easily graded alignment including a spiral.

At Saunderton, England, what became the London-to-Birmingham main line of the Great Western Railway in 1909 was initially part of a single-track branch line from Maidenhead. Down trains follow the route of the old branch line, while up trains follow a more gently graded new construction through a tunnel. This scheme avoided the cost of a new double-track tunnel.

Directional running
Directional running is two separate lines operationally combined to act as a double-track line by converting each line to unidirectional traffic. An example is in central Nevada, where the Western Pacific and Southern Pacific Railroads, longtime rivals who each built and operated tracks between northern California and Utah, agreed to share their lines between meeting points near Winnemucca and Wells, a distance of approximately 180 mi. Westbound trains from both companies used the Southern Pacific's Overland Route, and eastbound trains used the Western Pacific's Feather River Route (now called the Central Corridor). Crossovers were constructed where the lines ran in close proximity to allow reverse movements. This was necessary as while for most of this run the tracks straddle opposite sides of the Humboldt River, at points the two tracks are several miles apart and some destinations and branch lines can only be accessed from one of the lines. There is a grade separated crossover of the two lines in the shared track area near Palisade, Nevada, which results in trains following right hand traffic in the eastern half of the shared track area, but left hand traffic in the western half. The Union Pacific Railroad has since acquired both of these lines, and continues to operate them as separate lines using directional running. Amtrak also runs the California Zephyr along these routes.

A similar example exists in the Fraser Canyon in British Columbia, where Canadian National and Canadian Pacific Kansas City each own a single-track line – often on either side of the river. The companies have a joint arrangement where they share resources and operate the canyon as a double-track line between meeting points near Mission and Ashcroft.

In other cases, where the shared lines already run in close proximity, the two companies may share facilities. In Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, where the former Reading Railroad and Pennsylvania Railroad shared lines, the lines even shared overhead electrical wire supports, for a 2 mi stretch on the northern bank of the Schuylkill River. Both lines eventually came under Conrail ownership in 1976, with the former PRR line being abandoned and now used as a hiking and bicycle path.

An unusual example used to exist on the Isle of Wight, where until 1926 parallel tracks between Smallbrook Junction and St John's Road existed. The Southern Railway installed the actual junction, but it was only used during heavily trafficked summer months. During the winter, the lines reverted to separate single-track routes.

Mixing double and single track
Because double and single track may use different signalling systems, it may be awkward and confusing to mix double and single track too often. For example, intermediate mechanical signal boxes on a double-track line can be closed during periods of light traffic, but this cannot be done if there is a single-line section in between. This problem is less serious with electrical signalling such as Centralized traffic control.

title: Double-track railway


text:
Texas International Law Journal

The Texas International Law Journal (abbreviated as TILJ ) is a student-edited law journal at the University of Texas School of Law.

History and overview
The journal was created in the wake of the Bay of Pigs Invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis with the encouragement and support of E. Ernest Goldstein. It published its first issue in January 1965 and has been in continuous publication since. It has attracted noted authors, including former Supreme Court of the United States Justice William O. Douglas. Over the years, it has been cited by courts at all levels, including the Texas Supreme Court.

Additionally, the journal organizes a symposium every year, with speakers from the United States and around the world. Recent titles include: A Conference on the Military Commissions Act, Representing Culture, Translating Human Rights, Judicialization and Globalization of the Judiciary, Symposium on International Litigation Honoring Russell J. Weintraub, International Symposium in Honor of Hans Baade: Teaching and Practicing Law in the 21st Century, Energy and International Law: Development, Litigation, and Regulation, Human Reproduction and International Law, and International Bankruptcy Law: Comparative and Transnational Approaches.

title: Texas International Law Journal


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Adans Lopez Peres

Adans Lopez Peres (born 8 November 1975) is a Portuguese acrobatic hand-to-hand artist and a fifth-generation performer. He was the eldest son of Salvador de Jesus Peres, a Portuguese acrobat and Beatriz López y Calderón, a Spanish classically trained flamenco dancer.

He is a well-known performer but is probably best known as the second husband of Princess Stéphanie of Monaco. He is 10 years her junior. They allegedly married secretly in Vandœuvres, Switzerland, on 12 September 2003. On 22 July 2004, the London Evening Standard reported that Stephanie had split from Peres and returned to her first husband, Daniel Ducruet, for a relational attempt that won't last. They were divorced on 24 November 2004, after only 10 months of marriage without any issue.

title: Adans Lopez Peres


text:
User:Rameshee

Hi! This is Ramesh. I am new to wikipedia. I will be posting articles on technical writing...

title: User:Rameshee


text:
Talk:Sage (disambiguation)

i added the botany part since salvia redirects to sage when Salvia divinorum is a plant.

What about the color? --Ihope127 01:57, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Merge discussion
Merge was placed on this and SAGE (disambiguation) some days ago, but no discussion was started. Support means you want the merge to happen, Oppose means you do not. Comment below:
 * Oppose. I think the see also at the bottom of the pages pointing at the other is sufficient.  Dab pages are meant to get people to the pages they meant to go to as quickly as possible, and it seems to me that people who type "SAGE" probably are looking for one of those pages, and the ones who type "Sage" are looking for one of these pages.  I think it's a worthwhile distinction. --TreyHarris 20:00, 3 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I thought the reasoning would be obvious - previous to cleanup both pages had entries that should have been on the other and duplicate entries. A lot of TLAs have the lower and uppercase version redir to the same dab page and I thought that would make sense here too. Thanks/wangi 20:55, 3 January 2006 (UTC)
 * It is obvious, but the entries on Sage (disambiguation) aren't acronyms, they're words. The entries on SAGE (disambiguation) are acronyms.  My point is that they deserve separate dab pages, since they're likely to be searched for separately. --TreyHarris 21:42, 3 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I've posted a pointer to this discussion on the disambig MoS talk page - probably not a lot of people interested in this discussion have this page in their watch list :) wangi 21:53, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Oppose. On the MoS page I said I prefer one, which I do, in general. I've now looked at both of these pages, and it seems better seperate.  Those ignoring case insensitivity will type "sage" and find their intended page isn't listed and will then click "SAGE."  No problem.  Those with caplock stuck on looking for the word sage will type SAGE and have the same solution.  Tedernst | talk 22:22, 3 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah, but check out the pages pre cleanup - they were mixed up, so if editors can't make the distinction will readers? wangi 22:50, 3 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I've changed to neutral per Wangi's various reasons. Tedernst | talk 23:05, 3 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Wahoofive pointed out this at Disambiguation and abbreviations: Usually, there should be just one page for all cases (upper- or lower-case), e.g. MB for MB, mB, mb, Mb.. Thanks/wangi 22:50, 3 January 2006 (UTC)
 * This is substantively different, as "mb" is not a word. "Sage" is.  That page refers to abbreviations, and "sage" is not an abbreviation, "SAGE" is.  A case could be made (I'm not making it) that, by the letter of that guidline page, only Sage should go to this page, and that SAge, SaGe, SagE, SAGe, SAgE, and SaGE should all point to SAGE (disambiguation).   (Indeed, if a new initialism were to come along where an article were called SaGE, say, it should go onto the SAGE (disambiguation) page, and not the Sage (disambiguation) one.

 * The fact that the two disambiguation pages used to be "all mixed up" has no bearing on the current merger discussion. They've been separated now, which shows that there's no confusion, and merging isn't required. --TreyHarris 23:27, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Strong support. Since these are both very short pages, I can't see the argument for keeping separate. If the reader gets to the wrong dab page at the moment, they're two clicks away from where they want to be. If the pages were merged they'd be one click away. And anyone looking for the Sage II computer would have to go through SAGE. Further, there is an annoying but common MoS (prominent in the UK) which says if you can pronounce an acronym, only the first letter need be in upper caps. If there were a strong practical reason for keeping these separate, it'd be different, but I just can't see one. (Conceptually, of course there's a difference between Sage and SAGE but, uh, that's what a dab pag is for!) JackyR 01:06, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

I have done the merge. --TreyHarris 04:15, 19 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks Trey/wangi 09:02, 19 January 2006 (UTC)
 * :-) JackyR 01:11, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sage (disambiguation)


text:
User:TadejM/Talk template

'' -- coding taken from White Cat. ''

title: User:TadejM/Talk template


text:
Marv Harshman

Marvel Keith Harshman (October 4, 1917 – April 12, 2013) was a college basketball coach, a head coach for forty years in the state of Washington at Pacific Lutheran University, Washington State University, and the University of Washington.

Early years
Born in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, Harshman moved to the Pacific Northwest as a child and graduated from Lake Stevens High School in Lake Stevens, Washington, north of Seattle. He attended Pacific Lutheran University in Parkland, where he lettered thirteen times in four sports and graduated in 1942. Harshman served three years in the U.S. Navy during World War II, then returned to PLU to coach. A fullback, he was selected by the Chicago Cardinals in the fifteenth round (134th overall) of the 1942 NFL Draft.

Collegiate career
While at his alma mater (1945–58), Harshman was also the head football coach from 1951 to 1957, compiling a .500 record, and also led the baseball team for the last five seasons. He moved east to Washington State University in Pullman in 1958 to succeed Jack Friel and coached the Cougars for 13 seasons. When Husky head coach Tex Winter left for the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1971, Harshman moved across the state to the University of Washington in Seattle. He compiled a .580 overall record. Pressured by the university administration to step down, Harshman involuntarily retired from coaching at age 67 in 1985, following consecutive conference titles and NCAA tournament appearances.

Honors
Harshman was named Pac-10 Coach of the Year (1982, 1984) and NABC Coach of the Year for Division I basketball (1984).

He was the coach of the gold-medal-winning U.S. team at the 1975 Pan American Games in Mexico City, and served on the U.S. Olympic Committee from 1975 to 1981. Harshman was enshrined into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in April 1985 and was a member of the founding class of the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame in 2006.

title: Marv Harshman


text:
User talk:Royalpirate

Welcome!

'''Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my New-Users' Talk Page.'''

Additional tips:
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Happy editing! Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 11:15, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Images
Whenever you upload an image, please include information on where the image is from and its copyright status. Please add that info for the images you've already uploaded as well. See Images and associated pages for information on doing that. Images lacking such information may be deleted from Wikipedia. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 16:24, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

Peter Le Marchant Trust
A template has been added to the article Peter Le Marchant Trust, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you endorse deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please tag it with db-author. B. Wolterding 08:41, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Nomination of Tamara Rotolo for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Tamara Rotolo is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Tamara Rotolo(2nd nomination) until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Ed [talk] [majestic titan] 02:10, 1 July 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Royalpirate


text:
Samuel Morland

Sir Samuel Morland, 1st Baronet (1625 – 30 December 1695), or Moreland, was an English academic, diplomat, spy, inventor and mathematician of the 17th century, a polymath credited with early developments in relation to computing, hydraulics and steam power.

Education
The son of Thomas Morland, the rector of Sulhamstead Bannister in Berkshire, he was educated at Winchester College and Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he became a Fellow in 1649. Devoting much time to the study of mathematics, Morland also became an accomplished Latinist and was proficient in Greek, Hebrew and French – then the language of culture and diplomacy. While he was a tutor at Cambridge, he first encountered Samuel Pepys who became a lifelong acquaintance.

Diplomat
A keen follower of public affairs, he left Cambridge and entered public service. He undertook a trip to Sweden in 1653, and in 1655 was sent by Oliver Cromwell on a mission to Italy to protest at actions taken against the Waldensians by the Duke of Savoy. He remained in Geneva for some time in an ambassadorial role, and also wrote a book: The History of the Evangelical Churches of the Valleys of Piemont, published in London in 1658.

Spy
While he was serving as secretary to John Thurloe, a Commonwealth official in charge of espionage, Morland became disillusioned with the Government of the Commonwealth, allegedly after learning of a plot by Sir Richard Willis, Thurloe and Richard Cromwell to assassinate the future King Charles II. As a double agent, Morland began to work towards the Restoration, engaging in espionage and cryptography, activities that later helped him enter the King's service. In the 1660s he may have invented columnar transposition, an encryption technique which became very popular in 19th and 20th centuries.

Inventor
On 18 July 1660 he was created a baronet and given a minor role at court, but his principal source of income came from applying his knowledge of mathematics and hydraulics to construct and maintain various machines. These included:
 * "water-engines", an early kind of water pump. He was, for example, engaged on projects to improve the water supply to Windsor Castle, during which time he patented (c. 1675) a 'plunger pump' capable of "raising great quantities of water with far less proportion of strength than can be performed by a Chain or other Pump." He also experimented with using gunpowder to make a vacuum that would suck in water (in effect the first internal combustion engine) and worked on ideas for a steam engine. Morland's pumps were developed for numerous domestic, marine and industrial applications, such as wells, draining ponds or mines, and fire fighting. His calculation of the volume of steam (approximately two thousand times that of water) was not improved upon until the later part of the next century, and was of importance for the future development of a working steam engine.
 * a non-decimal adding machine (working with English pounds, shillings and pence), similar to the Ciclografo of the Italian Tito Livio Burattini and made by Humphry Adamson
 * a machine that made trigonometric calculations
 * an 'arithmetical machine' by which the four fundamental rules of arithmetic were readily worked "without charging the memory, disturbing the mind, or exposing the operations to any uncertainty" (regarded by some as the world's first multiplying machine, an example is in the Science Museum in South Kensington).
 * in 1666 he also obtained a patent for making metal fire-hearths
 * in 1671 he claimed credit for inventing the speaking trumpet, an early form of megaphone. One of only eight known surviving examples is displayed at the parish church of St Peter and St Paul at Harrington, Northamptonshire. The device, also known as "The Harrington Vamping Horn", was demonstrated to Charles II in St James's Park.
 * he later won a contract to provide mirrors to the King and to erect and maintain the King’s printing press.
 * in 1681 he was appointed magister mechanicorum (master of mechanics) to the King for his work on the water system at Windsor.
 * he also corresponded with Pepys about naval gun-carriages, designed a machine to weigh ship's anchors, developed new forms of barometers, and designed a cryptographic machine.

Personal life and family
From 1677 he lived in the Vauxhall area of central London, where he made improvements to New Spring Gardens which later became Vauxhall Gardens. In 1684 he moved to a house in Lower Mall, Hammersmith.

Morland married three times:
 * In 1657 he married the Huguenot Susanne de Milleville, daughter of Daniel de Milleville, baron de Boissay; they had three children. She died in 1668.
 * In 1670 he married Carola Harsnett, daughter of Sir Roger Harsnett; they had two children. She died in 1674.
 * In 1676 he married Ann Feilding of Solihull, sister of Beau Feilding. There was no issue, and she died in 1680.

There are monuments to two of Morland's three wives in the nave of Westminster Abbey.

He began to go blind, losing his sight in about 1692. He died on 30 December 1695 and was buried, on 6 January 1696, in St Paul's Church, Hammersmith.

title: Samuel Morland


text:
User talk:Simon Fisher

Welcome!

'''Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my New-Users' Talk Page.'''

Additional tips:
 * Here are some extra tips to help you get around Wikipedia:
 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.
 * If you want to play around with your new Wiki skills, try the Sandbox.
 * Click on the Edit button on a page, and look at how other editors did what they did.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: ~~~. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too. Always sign comments on Talk pages, never sign Articles.
 * You might want to add yourself to the New User Log
 * If your first language isn't English, try Contributing to articles outside your native language

Happy editing! Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 11:16, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Environmental ethics
Thanks for your work on environmental ethics. I have some questions for you if you ever have the time. --Viriditas | Talk 05:51, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for getting back to me. I've added an environmental ethics section to Terraforming that I was hoping you could either help expand or clarify on that page, as well as incorporate into the main article, environmental ethics. If you have any questions about the current content on Terraforming, let me know. --Viriditas  | Talk 05:34, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, I knew that our correspondence would be fruitful. Thank you for reminding me of Lovelock, as I had completely forgotten about his controversial hypothesis, which is often overshadowed by the rigorous work of McKay, which was published two years earlier than Lovelock's The Greening of Mars.  Nevertheless, I will incorporate this information into the terraforming article.  I hope you don't mind, but I might have some more questions later. --Viriditas  | Talk 23:04, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Simon Fisher


text:
User talk:Rabadur

Welcome to the Wikipedia
I noticed you were new, and wanted to share some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library

For more information click  here . You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

(Sam Spade | talk | contributions) 11:18, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Dear Rabadur,
 * I hope I am not breaking any Wiki-rule by writting here: I suppose this is the talk page you told me to write in...  :-/
 * Thank you very much for your warm welcome (different from that of ...) and for the suggestions and links. Thank you also for fixing that problem with the link--although I thought I had already fixed it. :-\
 * I am really concern to learn to use Wikipedia in the proper way. I find it a very honest, deep, interesting effort to put things orderly to the reach of someone... and have some fun meanwhile. My intervention in the Opus Dei article was (por tried to be) honest, and my only problem is my general clumsiness with Wikipedia. I hope I will fix this soon.
 * Thank you, again. Hasta luego. --Uncertain 09:41, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * See the bibliography in the article on Opus Dei and Involvement in Far-Right Politics (if so you wish). Thank you for your flowers on my Engllsh skills... I would like, I would like. Bye. --Uncertain 09:41, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Sarcasm is the lowest form of wit
Please refrain from posting sarcastic provocations on my talk page. Pvazz 09:55, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

Ending Statement for Opus Dei
I don't know that a statement is even necessary in the encyclopedic prose preferred at wikipedia. Any ending statement that basically says "evaluation of opus dei requires consideration of a number of controversial factors" not only sounds like a statement of the obvious (especially at the end of the article), but also doesn't really serve to add any new information. It's my feeling that some other articles don't include this kind of statement, but if you're going for featured article status, maybe you should read through some of those to find out if a closing statement is necessary.

Also, I'm not sure about Wikipedia policy concerning the inclusion of links to books at Amazon.com in the article. I think links to independent reviews are of course allowed, but links to vendors are generally not.

The article was an interesting lunch read! Good luck with it. I saw in the news where Opus Dei is demanding something from the Da Vinci Code for its representation...might be of interest in the article, I don't know. Turly-burly 06:39, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:59, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rabadur


text:
St Andrew (disambiguation)

St Andrew most commonly refers to Andrew the Apostle, the Christian apostle and brother of Peter.

St Andrew or St Andrews may also refer to:

People

 * List of saints named Andrew, several people known as Saint Andrew

Asia

 * St. Andrew's Hospital, Beijing
 * St. Andrews, Kerala, India

Europe

 * Saint Andrew, Guernsey, a parish in the Channel Islands
 * St. Andrew's, Malta, an informal district in Pembroke, Malta
 * Basilica di Sant'Andrea (Basilica and monastery of St. Andrew), Vercelli, Italy

Scotland

 * St Andrews, a town and former royal burgh on the east coast of Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom.
 * St Andrews (Fife ward), a Fife Council ward representing St Andrews
 * University of St Andrews, the oldest university in Scotland, and the third-oldest university in the English-speaking world.
 * St Andrews Links, 7 golf courses in St Andrews in Scotland, including the Old Course
 * Old Course at St Andrews, golf course where golf has been played since the 15th century
 * The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews, one of the oldest and most prestigious golf clubs in the world, based in St Andrews in Scotland.
 * St Andrews Castle, a ruined castle located in the coastal Royal Burgh of St Andrews in Fife, Scotland
 * St Andrews Cathedral, a ruined cathedral located in the coastal Royal Burgh of St Andrews in Fife, Scotland
 * St Andrews Burghs (UK Parliament constituency), it was a district of burghs constituency, representing various burghs of Fife, Scotland, in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, from 1832 to 1918.
 * St. Andrew's First Aid, a first aid charity based in Scotland
 * St Andrew's House, Edinburgh, headquarters of the Scottish Executive
 * St Andrews, Orkney, a parish on the island of Orkney

England

 * St Andrew (Lewisham ward), a former electoral ward of Lewisham London Borough Council that existed from 1964 to 2002
 * St Andrews, Bristol, a suburb of Bristol, England
 * St Andrew's (stadium), the home stadium of Association football team Birmingham City F.C.
 * St Andrew's Hospital, Northampton, providing psychiatric services
 * St Andrew's Hospital, Bow, London, England
 * St Andrew's Hospital, Dollis Hill, London, England
 * St Andrews, Swindon, a civil parish of the Borough of Swindon
 * "Earl of St Andrews", a subsidiary title belonging to the Duke of Kent
 * St Andrew's (Havering ward), an electoral ward representing Hornchurch in the Havering London Borough Council
 * St Andrews (Brent ward), an electoral ward in Brent London Borough Council

Wales

 * St Andrew, Llandaff, a private residence in Cardiff
 * St. Andrews Major, a village parish in the Vale of Glamorgan

Northern Ireland

 * St. Andrews (alias Ballyhalbert), a civil parish in County Down, Northern Ireland

Canada

 * St. Andrews Heights, Calgary, a neighbourhood in Calgary, Alberta
 * Rural Municipality of St. Andrews No. 287, Saskatchewan
 * Rural Municipality of St. Andrews, Manitoba
 * St. Andrews (electoral district), Manitoba
 * St. Andrews West, a community in South Stormont, Ontario
 * St. Andrew station, a subway station in Toronto, Ontario
 * St. Andrew (provincial electoral district), Ontario
 * St. Andrews, New Brunswick
 * St. Andrews, Nova Scotia

United States

 * Fort St. Andrews
 * Andrew station, Boston
 * Saint Andrew, New York
 * St. Andrews, South Carolina
 * Saint Andrews, Washington
 * St. Andrews Bay (Florida)

Australia

 * St Andrews, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney
 * St Andrews, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne

New Zealand

 * Saint Andrews, Canterbury, a rural community in Waimate District
 * St Andrews, Waikato, a suburb of Hamilton

Caribbean

 * Saint Andrew, Barbados, parish
 * Saint Andrew County, Trinidad and Tobago
 * Saint Andrew Parish (disambiguation), the name of parishes in several Caribbean nations

Educational establishments

 * St Andrew's Greek Orthodox Theological College, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
 * St Andrew's School (Adelaide), South Australia, Australia
 * St. Andrew's College, Aurora, Ontario, Canada
 * St Andrew's University (Momoyama Gakuin University), Osaka, Japan
 * St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown, South Africa
 * St. Andrew's School for Girls, Johannesburg, South Africa
 * St Andrews International School Bangkok, Thailand
 * University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
 * Saint Andrew's School (Boca Raton), Boca Raton, Florida, United States
 * New Saint Andrews College, Moscow, Idaho, United States
 * St. Andrews University, Laurinburg, North Carolina, United States

Non-Profit Scottish Cultural Charities

 * Saint Andrew's Society

Ships

 * Saint Andrew (battleship), an imperial Russian battleship
 * Saint Andrew (ship), a Russian fisheries research vessel
 * HMS St Andrew, the name of three different Royal Navy ships

Media

 * St Andrew (Zurbarán), a 1635-1640 painting of the apostle, by Francisco de Zurbarán
 * "St. Andrew (This Battle Is in the Air)", a song by the White Stripes from Icky Thump, 2007
 * "St. Andrews", a song by Bedouin Soundclash from Street Gospels, 2007

title: St Andrew (disambiguation)


text:
EAccelerator

eAccelerator is a PHP accelerator derived from the MMCache extension for the PHP programming language. eAccelerator provides a bytecode cache. eAccelerator is open source and thereby free to use and distribute. Old and unmaintained versions also provided an encoder.

Every time a PHP script is accessed, PHP usually parses and compiles scripts to bytecode. Once installed, eAccelerator optimizes the compiled bytecode and caches this to shared memory or disk or both. Upon subsequent accesses to a script, eAccelerator will access cached bytecode if it is available instead of the script being compiled. This avoids the performance overhead of repeated parsing and compilation.

Previous eAccelerator versions also provided functions for use in PHP scripts that allow access to shared memory, automatic web (content) caching, and other related tasks. These were removed as of version 0.9.6rc1.

Old eAccelerator versions had an encoder component that creates a file that cannot be as easily read as a normal PHP script, offering some code protection. A dedicated extension named eLoader is available to process such encoded scripts if the eAccelerator extension is not desired. This functionality has been removed from the current developer version and will not be part of the next release.

No new version was released since Jan. 2010. The latest supported PHP version was 5.3, which had its end-of-life in 2014.

eAccelerator is free software released under the GNU GPL 2.0.

title: EAccelerator


text:
Eddie Hickey

Edgar S. Hickey (December 20, 1902 – December 5, 1980) was an American college basketball and college football coach. He coached basketball at his alma mater of Creighton University (1935–1943, 1946–1947), Saint Louis University (1947–1958) and Marquette University (1958–1964), compiling a 429–230 record. Hickey also served as the head football coach at Creighton in 1934, tallying a mark of 2–7. After retiring from coaching, Hickey managed the American Automobile Association headquarters in Terre Haute, Indiana. He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1979 and the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame in 2006. Hickey died of a heart attack on December 5, 1980, in Mesa, Arizona.

title: Eddie Hickey


text:
Kenwood House

Kenwood House (also known as the Iveagh Bequest) is a former stately home in Hampstead, London, on the northern boundary of Hampstead Heath. The present house, built in the late 17th century, was remodelled in the 18th century for William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield by Scottish architect Robert Adam, serving as a residence for the Earls of Mansfield until the 20th century.

The house and part of the grounds were bought from the 6th Earl of Mansfield in 1925 by Edward Guinness, 1st Earl of Iveagh, and donated to the nation in 1927. The entire estate came under ownership of the London County Council and was open to the public by the end of the 1920s. It remains a popular local tourist attraction.

Location
The house is at the north edge of Hampstead Heath, to the south of Hampstead Lane (the B519). It is in the London Borough of Camden, just south of its boundary with the London Borough of Haringey.

Early history
The original house on the property was presumed to have been built around 1616 by the King's Printer, John Bill, and was known as Caen Wood House. It was acquired in 1694 by the Surveyor-General of the Ordnance, William Bridges, who demolished the house and rebuilt it; the original brick structure remains intact under the facade added in the 18th century. The orangery was added in about 1700. Bridges sold the house in 1704, and it went under several owners until 1754, when it was bought by the future Earl of Mansfield, William Murray, who was the Lord Chief Justice.

Mansfield family
In 1764, Lord Mansfield commissioned Robert Adam to remodel the house. Adam was given complete freedom to design it as he chose. He added the library, one of his most famous interiors, to balance the orangery, and accommodate Lord Mansfield's extensive book collection. He also designed the Ionic portico at the entrance.

In June 1780, Lord Mansfield's Bloomsbury townhouse was ransacked and destroyed during the Gordon Riots. The Earl and Countess fled, then the rioters targeted Kenwood next due to its proximity. His nephew Lord Stormont wrote to George III that he had ordered light cavalry to be dispatched to Kenwood. To stall the rioters, free ale was given from the Spaniards Inn, assisted by Lord Mansfield's steward using wine from the house. They successfully stalled the mobs until the armed cavalry arrived to protect the house.

Following the 1st Earl's death in 1793, ownership passed to his nephew, David Murray. With his late uncle's approval, He commissioned an extension of the property, initially by Robert Nasmith, then by George Saunders. Saunders added two wings on the north side, one wing for the first permanent dining room at Kenwood, along with the offices, kitchen buildings and brewery (now the restaurant) to the side. A dairy was added at this time to supply Kenwood House with milk and cheese. The main Hampstead–Highgate road was moved to the north between 1793 and 1796 so that it would not run directly alongside the property.

In 1794, George III visited the 2nd Earl of Mansfield at Kenwood House, Queen Charlotte said that the king was curious about the architectural improvements.

The 2nd Earl died in 1796, and ownership passed to his son, David William Murray, 3rd Earl of Mansfield. William Atkinson undertook essential structural reinforcement to the house between 1803 and 1839, ensuring that Kenwood would stand the test of time. The property remained with the Mansfields throughout the rest of the century, but the Mansfields preferred to live at their Scottish seat, Scone Palace. In July 1835, William IV and Queen Adelaide paid a royal visit to Kenwood, this was attended by 800 of the nobility and gentry, scattered around the Kenwood garden. The Marchioness of Salisbury wrote "The King and Queen and Royalties extremely well pleased: the King trotted about with Lord M. in the most active manner".

The 6th Earl of Mansfield, Alan David Murray, inherited Kenwood from his brother in 1906, but soon decided to sell it. First he leased it, and after two years of negotiations, the house was leased in 1910 to the exiled Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia and his morganatic wife, Countess Sophie of Merenberg. In 1914 the couple hosted a dinner and ball attended by European royalty including George V and Queen Mary. The Grand Duke stayed at Kenwood until 1917, followed by American millionairess Nancy Leeds who moved out in 1920. In 1922 Lord Mansfield sold off the contents of the house and its future was uncertain.

Modern history
Part of the grounds were bought by the Kenwood Preservation Council in 1922, after there had been threats that it would be sold to a building syndicate. This land came under control of the London County Council in 1924 and was opened to the public the following year by King George V. Edward Guinness, 1st Earl of Iveagh, a rich Anglo-Irish businessman and philanthropist of the Guinness family, bought the house and the remaining 74 acre not under public ownership from the Mansfield family in 1925 and left it to the nation upon his death in 1927; it was opened to the public the following year. Since then some furniture sold in 1922 has since been bought back. The paintings are from Iveagh's collection.

Kenwood House was closed at the start of World War II. Following the war, the house came under ownership of the London County Council, and it re-opened in 1950. The late 18th-century extensions by Saunders were restored from 1955 to 1959. Ownership transferred to the Greater London Council (GLC) in 1965; following the GLC's demise in 1986, English Heritage took over responsibility for the estate.

The house was closed for major renovations from 2012 until late 2013, partly funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund. This included repairing the Westmorland slate roof, redisplaying the Iveagh Bequest paintings in the south of the house, and redecorating the structure to closer resemble Adam's original design.

In 2019, 134,238 people visited the house.

Estate
There are two drives leading to the house from Hampstead Lane. Each has a gated white-brick lodge. The north, or main entrance front of the house was designed by Robert Adam and is set in Stucco with a central portico. The south front is constructed out of a single Stucco block. It was restored to its original design in 1975. To the east of the house is the service wing, constructed from London stock brick. Opposite this is the brick house, designed as a cold-plunge bath.

The estate has a designed landscape with gardens near the house, probably originally designed by Humphry Repton, contrasting with some surrounding woodland, and the naturalistic Hampstead Heath to the south. There is also a garden designed by Arabella Lennox-Boyd.

The estate is Grade II* listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. One third of the estate is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, particularly the ancient woodlands. These are home to many birds and insects and the largest Pipistrelle bat roost in London.

There are sculptures by Barbara Hepworth, Henry Moore and Eugène Dodeigne in the gardens near the house.

Music concerts, originally classical but in more recent years predominantly pop concerts, were held by the lake on Saturday evenings every summer from 1951 until 2006, attracting thousands of people to picnic and enjoy the music, scenery and spectacular fireworks. In February 2007, English Heritage decided to abandon these concerts owing to restrictions placed on them after protests from some local residents. On 19 March 2008, it was announced that the concerts would return to a new location on the Pasture Ground within the Kenwood Estate, with the number of concerts limited to eight per season.

Art
Kenwood House contains a significant number of historic paintings and other works of art, including 63 Old Master paintings. Paintings of note include Other painters include
 * The Guitar Player by Johannes Vermeer
 * Self Portrait with Two Circles, a late Rembrandt self-portrait
 * Portrait of Pieter van den Broecke, by Frans Hals
 * Thomas Gainsborough, 'Portrait of Countess Howe' (wife of Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe)
 * Edwin Henry Landseer, 'Hunting in the Olden Times'
 * Joshua Reynolds, 'The Hon'ble Mrs Tollemache as Miranda'
 * Angelica Kauffman
 * John Crome
 * Claude de Jongh
 * George Morland
 * Anthony van Dyck
 * William Larkin
 * J. M. W. Turner
 * Arthur Boyd Houghton
 * François Boucher
 * Thomas Lawrence, 'Miss Murray'
 * Henry Raeburn
 * George Romney
 * Jan Baptist Weenix
 * Joseph Wright of Derby

Most of the works were acquired by Iveagh in the 1880s–1890s and are mainly Old Master portraits, landscapes and 17th century Dutch and Flemish works and British artists. Others were not part of the Iveagh Bequest but were added to the collection after his death because of a connection with Kenwood House.

There is also a collection of shoe buckles, jewellery and portrait miniatures.

In 2002, a selection of the Suffolk Collection of Stuart portraits was moved to Kenwood from Ranger's House, Greenwich.

In 2012, an exhibition of works from the art collection, Rembrandt, Van Dyck, Gainsborough: The Treasures of Kenwood House, London began a tour of museums in the United States while Kenwood House was undergoing renovations; many of the works had never been outside Britain. The exhibit opened 6 June 2013 in Little Rock, Arkansas at the Arkansas Arts Center.

Cultural references
The house was the subject of a Margaret Calkin James poster in the 1930s, seen by many commuters on the London Underground.

The 1999 British feature film Notting Hill had a scene filmed here.

The 1995 British feature film Sense and Sensibility had scenes filmed here.

Many scenes in the 2013 film Belle, in which William Murray figures as a character, are set in the house or its grounds, although filmed elsewhere.

A scene from the 2016 novel Swing Time by Zadie Smith is set on the grounds of the estate.

title: Kenwood House


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User:PatriceNeff/Todo

My todo list:

 * Fix links to Yahoo where they really want Yahoo!
 * Education in Switzerland
 * Early resignations of federal councellors
 * Gustave Ador
 * Paul Cérésole
 * Simone Niggli-Luder

Done

 * Federal Councellors
 * Check why Ulrich Ochsenbein was voted out of office
 * Why did Jean Bourgknecht resign so early?
 * Again for Eugène Borel
 * Thomas Holenstein
 * Elisabeth Kopp
 * Federal Assembly of Switzerland
 * User:PatriceNeff/Legislative_and_executive_chambers_of_the_cantons

de:Benutzer:PatriceNeff/Todo

title: User:PatriceNeff/Todo


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User talk:Paulfitz

Hi Paulfitz

When you make a comment on a discussion page or votes for deletion page you should sign and date your comments by using four tildes i.e. ~ Regards--AYArktos 11:24, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Images
Could you add a copyright template to any images that you've up-loaded? A comment in explanation isn't really enough — we need something more explicit and specific. Many thanks. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:18, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Paul Brennan
... just died. Lupo 15:03, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Do not try to pull such a stunt again. You (and the IPs from Trinity College in Dublin you've been using) will be blocked from editing if you do. Don't you students have anything better to do? Lupo 15:14, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Paulfitz


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Ashia Hansen

Ashia Hansen, (born 5 December 1971) is a retired British triple jumper. Fourth in the 1996 Olympic final, she broke the world indoor record when winning the 1998 European Indoor title, and went on to win gold medals at the World Indoor Championships in 1999 and 2003, at the Commonwealth Games in 1998 and 2002, and at the 2002 European Championships. Her British records of 15.15 metres (1997 outdoors) and 15.16 metres (1998 indoors), still stand.

Early life
Although born in the United States, Hansen was adopted when she was 3 months old by a Ghanaian father who worked for the United Nations and his Caucasian English wife. They moved to Ghana before settling down in London when she was eight. She was often the only black child at her East London school and later spoke of the racist sentiment and teasing she experienced. She discovered a talent for running and was introduced to athletics by a teacher. Although she competed in her first international at age 17, she remained ambivalent about turning professional and only gave up her day job seven years later to fully commit herself.

Athletics career
Hansen trained at Ilford AC then Birchfield Harriers Athletics Club in Birmingham, along with other successful British athletes such as Denise Lewis, Kelly Sotherton, Mark Lewis-Francis and Katharine Merry. She was trained by Commonwealth Games medallist Aston Moore.

At the 1998 European Indoor Championships in Valencia, Spain, Hansen won the gold medal with a world record jump of 15.16m. This record lasted for 6 years. She is also the British record holder for the outdoor event with a jump of 15.15m in 1997.

Hansen won her first major outdoor gold at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia with a jump of 14.32m.

At the 1999 World Indoor Championships in Maebashi, Japan, Hansen won Gold with a world leading jump of 15.02m.

At the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, England Hansen retained her Commonwealth gold with a Games Record jump of 14.86m.

In 2002 Hansen won gold at the European Championships in Munich, Germany with a jump of 15.00m.

Hansen won her second World Indoor title at the 2003 Championships in Birmingham, UK with a jump of 15.01m.

Hansen suffered a serious knee injury during the 2004 European Cup, requiring extensive surgery. She returned to triple jumping and competed at the British Championships, where she immediately climbed back to the top of the British rankings; however, she decided not to be part of the team for the European Athletics Championships that summer. She was hoping to make the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing but was unable to regain fitness in time and announced her retirement in July 2008.

Personal life
Hansen was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2003 New Year Honours for services to athletics.

Hansen has two younger sisters, one of them is her parents' biological child and the other an adopted cousin. She has two children herself.

title: Ashia Hansen


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Coastal Maine Botanical Gardens

Coastal Maine Botanical Gardens is a botanical garden in Boothbay, Maine. It was opened in 2007.

The gardens have been named one of Maine's top attractions. Its gardens and landscape include nearly a mile of tidewater shoreline.

After 16 years of planning, planting, and building, the Coastal Maine Botanical Gardens opened on June 13, 2007. This project began in 1991 when a group of Maine residents founded the grassroots organization. In 1996, after a thorough search for an appropriate site, Coastal Maine Botanical Gardens purchased 128 acre of land with 3600 ft of tidal shore frontage in Boothbay.

Today, as the largest botanical garden in New England, the gardens comprise 295 acre, 17 of which are gardens featuring native plants of Maine and other plants suited to northern coastal conditions. Yearly, the gardens see on average 200,000 guests from throughout the United States and (in 2018) 63 foreign countries.

Gardens and grounds
The Giles Rhododendron Garden is located a third of a mile from the central gardens and features more than a thousand rhododendrons and related shrubs as well as a spring bulb display. Garden designed by landscape architect Bruce John Riddell.

The Haney Hillside Garden opened in 2006, but the Patriot's Day Storm of 2007 brought down dozens of mature evergreens. The garden was completely renovated in 2010–11. Six thousand native plants were installed in the upper areas while the lower areas near the shoreline rely primarily on editing of the natural vegetation. Haney Hillside Garden was designed by landscape architect Bruce John Riddell and features three terraces linking 1,000 feet of switchback paths. A water terrace is followed by a moss terrace, and a final terrace featuring a glass orb by New York sculptor Henry Richardson.

The Lerner Garden of the Five Senses opened in 2009. Designed by landscape architect Herb Schaal, it's less than an acre in size with winding paths and changing elevation. The paths circle around and through five distinct regions designed to emphasize each of the senses. The garden also features several designs to facilitate its use by physically challenged guests, including brick paving with continuous striker stone bordering the path to help the visually impaired navigate the garden, while providing a smooth, hard surface and gentle slope for wheeled mobility aids.

In July 2010, the Bibby and Harold Alfond Children's Garden opened. It encompasses two acres of woods, ponds, and theme gardens inspired by well-known children's books by Maine authors, including Down to the Sea with Mr. Magee (Chris Van Dusen), Burt Dow, Deep-Water Man and Blueberries for Sal (Robert McCloskey), Charlotte’s Web (E.B. White), and The Stone Wall Dragon (Rochelle Draper), among others. Designed by landscape architect Herb Schall, the garden is divided into a series of separate spaces, each with its own identity and focus. Attractions include a learning garden, chicken coop, old-fashioned hand pump for water, a terrace planted with a rainbow of flowers, story barn, play cottage, small pond, treehouse, and maze lawn inspired by an English design. The area down the Back Woods, below the treehouse, where children will find a Bear Cave an art table, a mud kitchen, and musical instruments inspires nature play.

July, 2011, the Bosarge Family Education Center opened – a LEED Platinum structure and the greenest public building in Maine, planned to achieve net-zero-energy status. This building was awarded the 2013 Zero Net Energy Building Award by the Northeast Sustainable Energy Association (NESEA). Thornton Tomasetti, the international engineering firm, served as the project's green building consultant. Designed by Maclay Architects of Waitsfield, Vermont, and Scott Simons Architects of Portland, Maine.

The Great Lawn was inspired by the nineteenth-century landscape parks. One of its most distinctive features is Whale Rock, a massive formation of Bucksport schist that rises out of the grass at the southern edge of the lawn. This area also features Founders Grove, a planting of seven narrow pin oaks, blueberries, and grasses commissioned to honor the founders of the Gardens. The Lawn, organically maintained, is for visitors to walk, play, and picnic on.

The Arbor Garden is an informal twist on formal rose gardens of European botanical gardens. The focal point of the garden is a large post-and-beam arbor made from Douglas fir. Climbing roses, native wisteria, clematis, ornamental grapes, and honeysuckle drape the structure in foliage and flowers. Vigorous, disease-resistant shrub roses suited to the cool, coastal climate surround the arbor.

The Vayo Meditation Garden is a meditative garden. A large basin carved by Plymouth, Maine, sculptor David Holmes from a soapstone-like rock called Ellsworth schist, is the focal point of the garden.

Cleaver Event Lawn & Garden was designed to help build a research collection of certain plants, including kousa dogwood (Benthamidia japonica) and dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides ‘Ogon’). Adjacent is a smaller oval of turf featuring a fieldstone terrace bordering moss-covered outcrops. The woodland area to its north showcases a dozen species of native mosses and companion plants.

The Native Butterfly and Moth House opened June 1, 2018. The 2,160 square-foot hoop house features a planting scheme dedicated to supporting the entire life cycle of moths and butterflies native to Maine and New England.

Slater Forest Pond was built in a naturally low-lying area well-suited to a small pond. The pond, excavated, lined, and replanted with native shrubs, trees, and pond plants in 2006, is filled with frogs and aquatic insects.

Notable exhibits
In 2021, Guardians of the Seeds, by Thomas Dambo, Danish "recycle art activist", opened to the public. It is the first Dambo exhibit to open in New England, and features five trolls with a theme of biodiversity and sustainability. Each troll has its own Danish name — Roskva, Birk, Gro, Lilja, Søren — and represents a different part of a tree. The tallest of the group is about 28 feet high. These trolls continue the story from Thomas Dambo's trolls around the world, from China to Puerto Rico.

Expansion controversy
In February 2017, the Gardens were warned of violations found the previous month at the site during a $30-million expansion — plans for which were made public in April 2016. In July 2017, the State of Maine issued a formal Notice of Violation of four federal environmental laws: the Natural Resources Protection Act, the Erosion and Sedimentation Control Law, the Protection and Improvement of Waters Act and the Site Location of Development Act. On at least four occasions, a third-party inspector witnessed "instances of unclean water in protected wetlands and significant vernal pools", as well as "inadequate steps being taken to prevent erosion; and the unlicensed construction of a 'plunge pool' in a freshwater wetland area".

By the end of June 2017, erosion-control measures were in place, and a restoration plan for a wetland area was in progress.

The Department of Environmental Protection notice stated that sets of the contractor's construction plans for the project were never approved by the State. The constructor was Wright-Ryan Construction.

The expansion included a new visitor center with gift shop along with formal gardens and trails. Parking was also expanded, with the loss of a large number of white pine trees.

To make the expansion possible, large areas of wetlands (including 6.2 acre of "critical terrestrial habitat of eight significant vernal pools") were permanently altered. Executive Director William Cullina clarified that, in some cases, "permanently altered" meant "improved".

The Boothbay Region Water District and a neighboring family filed separate appeals of the project. The former dropped its opposition after the Gardens revised its plans to move its septic system.

title: Coastal Maine Botanical Gardens


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Narco News

Narco News is an online newspaper that covers the "War on Drugs" and social movements throughout the Americas. Its articles are available in English and Spanish, with some translations in Italian, French, Portuguese and German. It is funded by the Fund for Authentic Journalism.

The founder and editor of Narco News is the American journalist Al Giordano. The web magazine currently has correspondents in Bolivia, Brazil, Mexico and other Latin American countries.

Banamex v. Narco News
In 1996, the Mexican newspaper Por Esto! began running reports that Roberto Hernández – at the time the president of the Mexican bank Banamex – was trafficking cocaine on a property he owned near Cancún in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. Por Esto!'s publisher, Mario Menéndez, was subsequently sued for libel in a Mexican court. The court found that Menéndez had not libeled, a decision upheld on appeal. A third appeal was made and thrown out of court.

Narco News began publishing the same story in English from its website, allowing the story to reach a wider audience. This culminated in a publicity tour in New York, including a forum at Columbia University with both Giordano and Menéndez in attendance. Banamex then sued Narco News and Menéndez together, maintaining that because potentially libelous information in the news stories was repeated in New York, and that the operators of Narco News' web host were headquartered in New York (although the servers were in Maryland), New York therefore had jurisdiction over the matter.

Aside from the propriety of a foreign company filing a case in New York for libel against its president, the case also raised several questions over the rights of websites:

"'If the National Bank of Mexico can sue a website published from Mexico, over stories investigated, reported and uploaded from Mexico, and sue that website in New York, that would set a dangerous precedent that chills free speech throughout the internet. If you say something that a large corporation doesn't like, not only can you be hauled into court in Mexico, but you can be hauled into court anywhere in the world.'"

Because of the potential ramifications of the case, The Electronic Frontier Foundation offered itself as amicus curiae. Thomas Lesser, who had previously been Abbie Hoffman's lawyer in his case against the CIA, represented Narco News while Giordano represented himself. Mendéndez hired Martin Garbus as his lawyer, although the court found that it did not have personal jurisdiction over Menéndez.

The New York Supreme Court found that Narco News had not libeled; in fact, the court had not been offered any evidence to refute either Por Esto! or Narco News' claims. The court set a precedent when it found that Narco News, despite being a website, was similar enough to traditional media that the first amendment applied to it and similar sites as it did any other news-based media. The text of the decision reads:

"'Narco News, its website, and the writers who post information, are entitled to all the First Amendment protections accorded a newspaper-magazine or journalist... Furthermore, the nature of the articles printed on the website and Mr. Giordano's statements at Columbia University constitute matters of public concern because the information disseminated relates to the drug trade and its affect [sic] on people living in this hemisphere...'"

House of Death
Narco News was the first publication to investigate the cover-up of the "House of Death" mass murders in 2004, which involved an U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) informant assisting a cell of the Juarez Drug Cartel in planning and carrying out the murders of multiple people as part of a U.S. government-sponsored deep cover operation. In the wake of publishing a series of reports on the House of Death case, the investigative journalist Bill Conroy received intimidating visits at his office and his home, and a visit to his employer from officers by ICE officers, an event that prompted a letter by Congresswoman Cynthia McKinney reprimanding United States Attorney Johnny Sutton for "an attempt ... to intimidate a journalist who has reported facts that are embarrassing to him".

title: Narco News