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Operation FALCON

Operation FALCON (Federal and Local Cops Organized Nationally) is the name of several week-long dragnets organized by the United States Marshals Service. FALCON I occurred between April 4 and 10, 2005 (also Crime Victims' Rights Week), FALCON II during the week of April 17–23, 2006, and FALCON III from October 22–28, 2006.

During FALCON I, a total of 10,340 federal fugitives were arrested in all 50 U.S. states as well as Puerto Rico and Guam by some 3,000 to 10,000 law enforcement officers from such agencies as the ATF, the FBI, the Secret Service, and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.

FALCON netted the largest number of arrests ever recorded during a single operation. This included the arrests of 162 accused or convicted of murder, 638 wanted for armed robbery, 553 wanted for rape or sexual assault, 154 gang members, and 106 unregistered sex offenders. The greatest category of arrests (4,291) was for narcotics violations. Other large classes of wanted fugitives arrested included 1818 burglary suspects and 1727 assault suspects. In addition to the arrests, 243 weapons, 30 kg of cocaine, 19 kg of heroin, 204 kg of marijuana and $373,000 in cash was seized by Operation FALCON teams.

Although the Marshals Service provided coordination for the sweep, most of the manpower for the arrests came from local law enforcement: 206 state law enforcement agencies, 302 county sheriffs' departments, and 366 city police departments were involved, as well as 25 federal agencies and all 83 districts of the U.S. Marshals Service, which allocated about $900,000 to the operation.

title: Operation FALCON


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User talk:Ny3074

my indicartion show that the boston strangler have link all the indivdiuals taht on these websites           http://www.welfarestate.com/binladen and http://www.victims.org.uk .http://www.mumbaipolice.org/helpline/mostwanted.htm .ny3074@aol.com

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Ny3074


text: User talk:209.7.8.67

title: User talk:209.7.8.67


text:
Vittorio Messori

Vittorio Messori (born 1941) is an Italian journalist and writer. According to Sandro Magister, a Vaticanist, he is the "most translated Catholic writer in the world."

Life
Messori had a completely secular upbringing. He was warned against priests by his mother, who often said that the Church was "only a pub." The schools he attended imparted an equally secular culture, and when he enrolled in the faculty of political science at Turin, all the teachers there taught "a radical, impenetrable agnosticism." He was "happy" with this, and "was preparing for a career as an entirely secular intellectual."

In July and August 1964, however, he unexpectedly entered a new kind of dimension. In his own words, "the truth of the Gospel, that until then was unknown to me, became very clear and tangible. Even though I had never attended Church, even though I had never studied religion, I found that my perspective as a secularist and agnostic had become suddenly Christian. What's more, Catholic."

Messori's teachers were "very surprised and disappointed" when he confessed that he had become a Catholic. They regarded his conversion as "a psychiatric crisis, a depression, a mistake," with the result that, as Messori says, "they abandoned me and finally disowned me."

title: Vittorio Messori


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Noriyuki Asakura

Noriyuki Asakura (朝倉 紀行 (formerly 浅倉 紀幸)) is a Japanese composer and vocalist, best known for composing the soundtracks to the anime series Rurouni Kenshin and the video game franchises Tenchu and Way of the Samurai. He is well known for combining traditional Japanese music with elements of rock, jazz, and other world music. He established the music production studio Mega-Alpha in 2003, which composes for various types of media.

Career
Asakura was born in Itabashi, Tokyo and raised in Ehime Prefecture. Asukara was interested in music since childhood, but gained a greater interest after listening to Led Zeppelin, performing for multiple amateur rock bands as a guitarist and vocalist. While attending Nihon University, Asakura entered the music industry professionally in 1982, marking his debut by performing the theme song for Keiji Yoroshiku as Noriyuki Asakura & GANG. He has since began composing music for television programs and movies, as well as producing music for a number of Japanese pop stars during the 1980s and early 1990s. He debuted in the anime industry by composing 1987's Junk Boy, followed by Time Travel Tondekeman and the Shakotan Boogie original video animation. Asakura composed his first video game score for Crime Crackers, which released in 1994. In 1996, he composed the soundtrack to Rurouni Kenshin, which combined traditional Japanese music with rock, giving the soundtrack a contemporary feel. His compositions for the series would influence his style and later work.

In 1998, Asakura composed the soundtrack to Tenchu: Stealth Assassins, after being introduced to producer Masami Yamamoto and delivering a sample from a previous project, which became the game's opening theme. Contrary to popular belief, "Add'ua", the theme song to the first Tenchu game was not sung in Japanese, but rather in the West African language of Hausa. "Sadame", the theme song for Tenchu: Wrath of Heaven, and "Kurenai No Hana", the theme song for Tenchu: Fatal Shadows, were performed in Japanese. Following his work on Tenchu, Asakura composed the soundtrack for Acquire's Way of the Samurai. Asakura composed and performed "THE BUSTER," serving as the ending theme for Siren, which released in 2003.

In 2003, Asakura established Mega-Alpha, a music production company, in order to compose music for television programs, anime, and video games. Under Mega-Alpha, Asakura composed for multiple anime series, including Ragnarok the Animation, Major, and Rurouni Kenshin: New Kyoto Arc. In 2008, Asakura returned to the Tenchu franchise, composing Tenchu: Shadow Assassins, taking influence from his prior compositions and classical music. In 2014, Asakura composed Kadokawa Games' tactical role-playing game Natural Doctrine, which included an arrangement of "The Court of the Crimson King" by King Crimson as the ending theme song. Asakura composed additional music for Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice, which released in March 2019. In 2020, Asakura composed Katana Kami: A Way of the Samurai Story, a spin-off of the Way of the Samurai franchise. Asakura was to compose for Tokyo Babylon at King Records, which was set to premiere in 2021. The series was canceled following investigation of plagiarism regarding character designs by the production company, with a new anime production to be produced by a different studio.

Style
Motivated by a desire to take a different approach to soundtracks for historical Japanese fiction, Asakura combines traditional Japanese music with elements of rock, as well as folk music from multiple Asian countries including China, Thailand, and Turkey. Asakura further developed this style with Tenchu and  Way of the Samurai. Asakura's style is also influenced by the way progressive rock musicians expanded on rock music in the 1970s, adopting a more experimental approach to traditional music in order to expand the horizons of its conventions.

title: Noriyuki Asakura


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Vaksala Runestone

The Vaksala Runestone, designated as U 961 under the Rundata catalog, is a Viking Age memorial runestone that is located close to Vaksala Church, near Uppsala, Sweden.

Description
The Vaksala Runestone is one of the approximately forty runestones made by the successful runemaster Öpir, who signed this inscription and was active in the late eleventh and early twelfth century in Uppland. The inscription is classified as being in runestone style Pr4, which is also known as the Urnes style. This runestone style is characterized by slim and stylized animals that are interwoven into tight patterns. The animal heads are typically seen in profile with slender almond-shaped eyes and upwardly curled appendages on the noses and the necks. The runic inscription states that Ígulfastr arranged and Öpir carved the runestone on the behest of the widow and the daughter of the deceased. Ígulfastr is otherwise known from his signature on inscription U Fv1953;263 in Helenelund. Öpir was known for using loop patterns in his inscriptions, and used a three loop pattern for U 961. Other signed inscriptions where Öpir used a three loop pattern include U 142 in Fällbro, U 210 in Åsta, U 279 in Skälby, U 287 in Vik, U 566 in Vällingsö, U 687 in Sjusta, U 893 in Högby, U 898 in Norby, and U 1106 in Äskelunda.

The Vaksala Runestone was used as building material for the construction of a wall in the churchyard. Many runestones were used in the construction of buildings, roads, and bridges before their historical importance was understood. It has been removed from the wall and placed in its present location in the churchyard.

Of the personal names listed in the runic inscription, Ketilbjǫrn means "Kettle Bear" and Rúnfríðr combines Rún, a word which means "Secret" or "Mystery" and which is related in Old Norse to "rune" and "writing," and Fríðr, which means "Peace." The runic text is missing a possessive pronoun, the word "her" before "husbandman." Öpir is known to have left off pronouns in some of his other inscricriptions, such as U Fv1976;107 at the Uppsala Cathedral, U 984 in Ekeby, and U 993 in Brunnby.

title: Vaksala Runestone


text:
Wyatt Wingfoot

Wyatt Wingfoot is a fictional supporting character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

While having no superpowers, he has spent much time in the company of the Fantastic Four due to his friendship with Human Torch, and his relationship with occasional Fantastic Four member She-Hulk. Wingfoot is an excellent athlete, marksman, hand-to-hand fighter, tracker and animal trainer, and has been of timely help in numerous potentially devastating situations.

Publication history
Wyatt Wingfoot first appeared in Fantastic Four #50 (May 1966) and was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. The character was inspired by Olympic athlete Jim Thorpe (1887-1953), who was a member of the Sac and Fox Nation.

Fictional character biography
Wyatt, son of "Big Will" Wingfoot — "the greatest Olympic decathlon star this country ever had!", was born on the fictional Keewazi Indian reservation in Oklahoma. He left to attend college at the equally fictional Metro College in New York City. There, Wingfoot became roommates and friends with Johnny Storm. Wyatt has occasional adventures with Storm and the other members of the Fantastic Four. He accompanied the Fantastic Four to Wakanda, first met the Black Panther, and helped him and the Fantastic Four against Klaw. Wingfoot also assisted in tracking down a "threat" to frightened citizens, which turned out to be the lost canine of the Inhumans, the teleporting Lockjaw. With the Human Torch, he went on a quest to rescue the Inhumans from the "Negative Zone" barrier; he also encountered Prester John. Some time later, alongside the Fantastic Four and the Keewazi tribe, he battled the Tomazooma robot. Wyatt eventually completed his degree and graduated from college to return to the reservation as a teacher.

Before returning to his tribe, alongside the Fantastic Four he battled the Miracle Man. Alongside the Fantastic Four and Agatha Harkness, he battled Annihilus. Alongside the Human Torch, Wyatt encountered the Hulk and battled Blastaar. Alongside the Fantastic Four, Wyatt battled Doctor Doom. With his tribe, Wyatt was then ensorcelled by the Miracle Man, but was rescued by the Thing and the original Ghost Rider. With his tribe, Wyatt was possessed by the demon Dryminestes, but was restored to normal by the Human Torch and Daimon Hellstrom. Wyatt later helped the Human Torch battle Texas Twister. Alongside the Thing, Ka-Zar, and American Eagle, Wyatt battled Klaw.

After the death of Wingfoot's grandfather, the Keewazi chief, the Council of Elders called on Wyatt to accept the position as tribal chieftain. At the same time, the alien known as Terminus came to Oklahoma to devour Earth's resources, and the Fantastic Four arrived for battle. Wyatt met the foursome's new member She-Hulk, and he helped the team battle Terminus. Wingfoot postponed his investiture as chief of the Keewazi, and followed the Fantastic Four instead, returning to New York with Mister Fantastic and She-Hulk. Alongside the Fantastic Four, he journeyed to an alternate Earth, and helped battle the Warlord. He soon began an intimate relationship with She-Hulk, and helped her confront magazine publisher T.J. Vance. He continued this relationship after the Thing returned and She-Hulk left the team, and ended up becoming involved in her adventures as well. He was part of a group of innocent citizens kidnapped by a teleportation beam when S.H.I.E.L.D. went after She-Hulk. They went after the corrupt S.H.I.E.L.D. officer in charge, endangering everyone on board and anyone the helicarrier might crash in to. She-Hulk soon neutralized the threat, and Wyatt survived the crash of the helicarrier. Alongside the Fantastic Four, Wyatt then battled Doctor Doom (actually Kristoff). Alongside the Fantastic Four, Wyatt later investigated a temporal zone surrounding Central City, California. Wyatt then attended the wedding of Johnny Storm and Alicia Masters (actually Lyja in disguise). Wyatt later became engaged to She-Hulk; alongside her, he battled Carlton Beatrice, and then broke off the engagement. Wyatt later accompanied Ka-Zar and Shanna the She-Devil back to the Savage Land.

Wyatt joined She-Hulk for some adventures in her own series. There, like many of the cast members, he became aware of his own reality as a fictional being.

Wingfoot eventually returned to his tribe when they discovered large oil deposits under their land. He helped broker a deal between the United States government and the Keewazi.

Wyatt was briefly seen being interviewed on the news show 'Lateline' about his association with the group.

Wyatt is referred to as one of Johnny Storm's best friends, along with Peter Parker. The two of them held an intervention for Johnny Storm following his loss of powers and subsequent erratic behavior.

Powers and abilities
Wyatt Wingfoot has no superhuman powers. He is a superb athlete, and a highly skilled tracker, animal trainer, horseman, motorcyclist, dancer and marksman. He is also an excellent hand-to-hand combatant.

Wyatt sometimes rides a gyro-cruiser, provided by the Wakanda Design Group.

1602
"Lord Wingfoot" appears in the Marvel 1602 miniseries 1602: Fantastick Four as a rival to John Storm for the hand of Doris Evans. According to Storm the man is a "godless brute". At the end of the series, when Mistress Evans has thrown them both over for William Shakespeare, Storm and Wingfoot resolve their differences over a drink.

Last Avengers Story
In one alternate future, Wyatt has married She-Hulk and they have had a child called Jessie. She joins the Avengers to help defeat Ultron.

Earth X
In the alternate future of Earth X, Wyatt has become Captain America's new partner Redwing, named after the Falcon's bird partner and wearing his winged harness. Together they battle the multi-minded alien menace 'Hydra' which has taken many people they both know, including She-Hulk, Sam Wilson himself and Sharon Carter.

Heroes Reborn
During the "Heroes Reborn" company-wide crossover, an alternate-universe analog of Wingfoot was purportedly a government agent assigned to monitor independent spaceflight and extraterrestrial meetings, but was in reality a spy working for that universe's version of Doctor Doom. It turned out later that the spy was the Skrull Kl'rt and the real Wingfoot managed to escape.

Video games

 * Wyatt Wingfoot appears as a non-playable character in the video game Marvel: Ultimate Alliance, voiced by Dave Wittenberg. When in Stark Tower if the player talks to him, he will take the team on the next available mission on the Quinjet. He has a special dialogue with Johnny Storm. When first encountered, he is given the laptop of Black Widow who then hands it to a hacker to try to uncover it. He is never seen again after he takes the team to the Sanctum Sanctorum.

title: Wyatt Wingfoot


text:
Graham Williams (television producer)

Richard Graham Williams (24 May 1945 – 17 August 1990) was an English television producer, script editor and screenwriter. He produced three seasons of the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who during Tom Baker's era as the Fourth Doctor, the ITV children's series Super Gran (1986–1987), and thirteen episodes of Tales of the Unexpected (1982–1984).

Early work
After working as the script editor for The View From Daniel Pike (1971), Sutherland's Law (1973), Barlow at Large (1975) and Z-Cars (1975–1976), he was encouraged by Bill Slater, then BBC Head of Serials, to move to production. He created a new police series for the BBC, which became Target, but the corporation's management decided to take him off it at an early stage and charged him with taking over Doctor Who in 1977, swapping roles with Philip Hinchcliffe.

Doctor Who
Williams was the producer on Doctor Who between 1977 and 1980, during the Tom Baker era. Under Philip Hinchcliffe, the series had "reached an almost unprecedented level of popularity", but also come under heavy criticism for its frightening and violent content, especially from Mary Whitehouse. Upon taking over the reins of the series, Williams was instructed by his superiors to tone down the violence. Williams himself thought Hinchcliffe had gone too far for a series that had a large audience of children, but said the BBC had been guilty of an overreaction in response. One of the notable early introductions to the series under the Williams tenure was the robot dog K9, which was part of his effort to aim the series more at younger viewers. Williams was also keen to introduce more humour into the series.

During his period on the programme, Williams worked closely with three script editors: Hinchcliffe-era script editor Robert Holmes continued with Williams for a short while, but was succeeded by Anthony Read in his first season. Read remained as script editor for the following season, also known as the Key to Time, which introduced the character of Romana (Mary Tamm), but Douglas Adams (now best known for The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy) took over the role for his final year, season 17, which saw Lalla Ward replace Tamm as the regenerated Romana. Williams also wrote significant portions of the scripts for two stories beset by writing problems, The Invasion of Time (1978) and City of Death (1979). Although the viewing figures dipped somewhat during Williams' first two seasons, they remained healthy and in 1979 the series achieved its highest ever ratings of 16.1 million viewers (for episode 4 of City of Death), although this was partly attributable to the strike which took the BBC's then-only rival, ITV, off the air.

Williams had three difficult years on the show, including clashes with the increasingly demanding Baker, who wanted more influence over the production side, and also had to deal with budget cuts due to inflation and several instances of industrial action affecting the show, most notably with the abandonment of his final serial, Shada. He decided to leave in 1979, handing over the role of producer to John Nathan-Turner, who had worked under him as production unit manager.

During Nathan-Turner's reign as producer, Williams was approached by script editor Eric Saward at Nathan-Turner's instigation to write a story for Colin Baker's second season. The script was at an advanced stage when it was abandoned, as were all the scripts initially commissioned for that season, after the series was put on hiatus in February 1985. It was to feature the return of the First Doctor villain the Celestial Toymaker. In 1989 Williams wrote a novelisation of his story, The Nightmare Fair (ISBN 0-426-20334-8).

In 1985, he helped design the Doctor Who text video game Doctor Who and the Warlord.

His work on Doctor Who was first documented for television in the 2007 documentary A Matter of Time (part of the 2007 The Key to Time BBC DVD box set). In March 2024, a feature-length documentary titled Darkness & Light: The Life of Graham Williams examined his life and career in extensive detail. Released as part of The Collection: Season 15 Blu-ray box set, it features interviews with family, close friends and colleagues, and publicly confirmed that his death was a result of suicide. Both documentaries includes excerpts from interviews conducted with Williams conducted at Doctor Who fan conventions during the 1980s.

Later life and death
Graham departed the BBC during the early 1980s, going on to produce Tales of the Unexpected for Anglia and the second series of Tyne Tees children's series Super Gran. He left his career in television behind in the late 1980s to run The Hartnoll Hotel, a country hotel in Bolham, Tiverton, Devon.

He died by suicide from a gunshot wound at his home on 17 August 1990. He left a widow, Jacqueline, and three children.

title: Graham Williams (television producer)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vergo

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 07:18, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Vergo
Delete - Google search of "vergo fasting" or "Lefterios Manious" returns no relevant results. FreplySpang (talk) 20:29, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as noted above. Feydey 20:47, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, neologism. Megan1967 08:04, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as noted above. --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 08:07, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I concur. --Coolcaesar 19:14, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vergo


text:
Caldmore

Caldmore is a suburb of Walsall in the West Midlands, England. It is a historic village formerly in Staffordshire.

History
The settlement of Caldmore grew up around an important road junction, the shape of which defined an open space of roughly triangular shape called Caldmore Green and, in the course of the 19th century, this became the principal focus for the development of a social and commercial area. Later, the area surrounding Caldmore Green underwent considerable redevelopment in the 1950s with the removal of Victorian slums and their replacement by new flats.

Caldmore House
Caldmore House is the surviving segment of Victorian terraced houses in Caldmore. Located on Carless Street (Oxford Street until 1923), it was part of a row of three houses which were built in 1886. The houses remained until the 1950s and 1960s when the street was bulldozed with only one house remaining. This was saved from demolition and modernised. It is now a museum open to the public with the original Victorian features still remaining in the house.

Noddy Holder
Noddy Holder, actor, guitarist and vocalist for Slade, was born in Caldmore.

Jerome K. Jerome
Jerome K. Jerome, late Victorian novelist, essayist, humourist and playwright, best known for his classic comic novel Three Men in a Boat, was born at Belsize House on the corner of Bradford Street and Caldmore Road.

Present
Caldmore Green is the centre of the Caldmore Shopping area with Caldmore Housing HQ base. The area is home to restaurants and fashion and jewellery outlets. In addition, Caldmore Housing annually host The Caldmore Carnival which is based on different themes with the most recent being space.

Many late 19th and early 20th century terraced houses are still in existence around Caldmore. But clearance of the tower blocks began in 2004 and most of the high-rise flats have since been demolished. When one of the first tower blocks was demolished, the body of a man was discovered in one flat; he had not been seen for six years and was believed to have died of natural causes shortly after his last reported sighting, but the council had not served an eviction order because the flats had already been earmarked for demolition. The man's brother did arrive at the flat on at least once occasion, only to be told by a neighbour that his brother had either died or moved away.

Between 1950 and 1970, hundreds of immigrant families from the Commonwealth settled in Caldmore, and today it has a strong Asian community.

In 2016, residents complained of an increase in prostitution in the area, blaming police cutbacks.

National Express West Midlands and Diamond West Midlands operate the frequent bus routes 4/4H/4M through the village every few minutes Monday to Saturday daytime.

title: Caldmore


text:
Rheinzabern

Rheinzabern is a small town in the south-east of Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany near the Rhine river. Currently, Rheinzabern, that belongs to the District of Germersheim has approx. 5000 inhabitants living on an area of 12,75 square kilometres.

Rhenanae Tabernae
The Latin term "Rhenanae Tabernae" literally means "tavern" and "Rhine". Hence Rheinzabern was founded as a place of rest for travellers on Roman roads. Founded some 1950 years ago as "Rhenanae Tabernae" along a Roman road, it is known for its Samian ware production. Remnants of the production are still visible and there is a local museum dedicated to pottery and Roman culture.

Economy
The village has a rural character and has been agricultural for a long time. Rheinzabern now presents itself as a residential community in the vicinity of the large economic areas of Rhine-Neckar and Karlsruhe. Rheinzabern has a solid infrastructure with many craft and agricultural businesses.

Traffic
The village can be reached from the east via the Bundesstraße 9 and from the west, the connection via the A 65 motorway is the "Kandel-Mitte" exit.

Rheinzabern station is on Schifferstadt–Wörth railway and is served by the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn.

Partnership of cities
A partnership is maintained with the five French communes of Chalmoux, Cronat, Mont, Saint-Aubin-sur-Loire and Vitry-sur-Loire (Communauté de communes entre Somme et Loire) in Burgundy.

Notable citizens

 * Paul Fagius (1504–1549), reformer
 * Philipp von Pfeiffer (1830–1908), capitular in Speyer
 * Maximilian Josef Pfeiffer (1875–1926), politician
 * Anton Pfeiffer (1888–1957), politician (BVP, CSU) and diplomat
 * Columba Baumgartner (1912–2007), abbess
 * Reiner Marz (born 1958), politician (GRÜNE)
 * Hans Kantereit (1959–2021), author
 * Philipp Jakob Gillmann, priest
 * Elisabeth Langgässer (1899–1950), author
 * Manuel Hornig (born 18 December 1982), soccer player
 * Barbara Schleicher-Rothmund (born 14 February 1959), politician
 * Florian Bauer (born 28 April 1982), musician
 * Thomas Gebhart (born 1971, politician)

title: Rheinzabern


text:
Talk:Investor AB

=Removed= "The companies controlled by Investor are sometimes referred to as being part of the Wallenberg Sphere."

 * Oh, really? Berkshire Hathaway is the Buffett sphere, but that kind of statement should not be part of the article.--Jerryseinfeld 20:30, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Vectura
Why the mention of Vectura, a UK pharma company? Deipnosophista (talk) 08:37, 26 July 2017 (UTC)

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External links modified
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title: Talk:Investor AB


text: User talk:150.135.162.85

title: User talk:150.135.162.85


text:
NHK Spring Company

NHK Spring Co., Ltd. (日本発条株式会社), commonly called as NHK Nippatsu (NHKニッパツ), is regarded as one of the world's leading spring manufacturers. NHK also makes seats for automobiles, suspension systems for disk read-and-write heads used in hard-disk drives, industrial machinery & equipment and security solutions.

The company shares its initials, NHK, with the Japan Broadcasting Corporation, although it registered its trademark before the establishment of the latter organization.

The company is listed on the first section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange and has 51 subsidiaries, 23 in Japan and 28 overseas.

title: NHK Spring Company


text:
Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī

Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Habib ibn Sulayman ibn Samra ibn Jundab al-Fazari (محمد بن إبراهيم بن حبيب بن سليمان بن سمرة بن جندب الفزاري) (died 796 or 806) was an Arab philosopher, mathematician and astronomer.

Biography
Al-Fazārī translated many scientific books into Arabic and Persian. He is credited to have built the first astrolabe in the Islamic world. He died in 796 or 806, possibly in Baghdad.

At the end of the 8th century, whilst at the court of the Abbasid Caliphate, al-Fazārī mentioned Ghana, "the land of gold."

Works
Along with Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq, al-Fazārī helped translate the 7th century Indian astronomical text by Brahmagupta, the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta, into Arabic as 'Zij as-Sindhind, or the. This translation was possibly the vehicle by means of which the mathematical methods of Indian astronomers were transmitted to Islam.

The caliph ordered al-Fazārī to translate the Indian astronomical text, The Sindhind, along with Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq, which was completed in Baghdad about 750, and entitled . This translation was possibly the vehicle by means of which the Hindu numeral system (the modern number notation) was transmitted from India to Iran.

Al-Fazari composed various astronomical writings ("On the astrolabe", "On the armillary spheres", "on the calendar").

title: Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī


text:
Talk:Farmington Winery (Michigan)

untitled
This article hasn't been improved since it was made, some Wikipedia (typically ones who live in Farmington Hills, MI should add more to this article.

title: Talk:Farmington Winery (Michigan)


text:
Fiat 242

The Fiat 242 was a van which was produced by Fiat from 1974.

Overview
The Fiat 242 van was the result of a cooperation with Citroën and was sold under the name Citroën C35 in France. Both vehicles were produced in Italy till 1987 with Fiat engines, and then in France by Chausson, when Fiat discontinued the 242. Citroën retained the model until 1992. This cooperation was the precursor of Sevel.

Citroën C35
The Citroën C35 shares the same platform as the Fiat 242. The first diesel engine available that had been used in the Citroën C35 since 1973, the *2.2 L (2200 cc) diesel inline-four engine was shared with the Citroën CX 2200 D.

title: Fiat 242


text:
User:Kat17

hi Kat aka Fenchurch, its Firestorm. Just stopping by to say hi. Firestorm 20:33, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Kat17


text:
Robert Leighton

Robert Leighton may refer to:

 * Robert Leighton (bishop) (1611–1684), Scottish preacher, Bishop of Dunblane, Archbishop of Glasgow, & academic
 * Robert Leighton (author) (1858–1934), British author of historical adventure fiction and books about Dogs
 * Robert Leighton (cartoonist) (born 1960), American writer, puzzle writer and cartoonist
 * Robert B. Leighton (1919–1997), American physicist
 * Robert Leighton (broadcaster) (1956–2008), English broadcaster
 * Robert Leighton (film editor), British film editor
 * Robert Leighton (MP) (born 1628), MP for Shrewsbury (UK Parliament constituency) 1661–1679

title: Robert Leighton


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sullivan Black

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 07:17, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Sullivan Black
So this Sullivan Black was supposedly the antagonist of Gilbert White. Identical years of birth and death. Many impressive names among the people he allegedly met or corresponded with. "Fortunately, a small archive of Black's manuscript work survives in that village". The article author claims in this (and other articles he changed accordingly, which also makes up the entirety of his edits) that Black "was an adept early practitioner of the limerick verse-form" and offers this gem as proof:
 * Seducing young Annie Buccleuch
 * In Hawkley, a storm raged and blew.
 * The Hanger collapsed [2]
 * But I did not lapse.
 * I enquired, “Did the earth move for you?”.

''[2] This dates Black's seduction precisely to the night of 8th/9th March 1774, when the side of the Hanger [the local term for a steep clay ridge] collapsed in a fierce storm. A cottage built on the site is still known as "Slip Cottage".''

Google draws empty. I smell a rat.Rl 20:34, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Was he later named as Antipope George Ringo? FreplySpang (talk) 21:05, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax. (In case anyone doesn't get the joke of the name, "Sullivan" is a natural counterpart to "Gilbert" and Black is of course the opposite of White.) --Angr/comhrá 21:10, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, obvious hoax. Megan1967 08:06, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Why delete?. Is there no room for gentle comedy in Wikipedia?  It's not as if it were a libellous or ridiculous entry on the Pope, the President or even Gilbert White himself.  You'd have to go looking for it specifically.  It harms nobody. Plestor House is opposite The Wakes.  The Hanger did collapse on the night in question.  Hawkley is 3 miles from Selborne.  Slip Cottage does exist to this day.  --Sherefong 12.11, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * If there is a place for gentle comedy in WP, it's the user pages. Gentle comedy is wrong (and thus bad) information. If say a user checks "What links here" on Gilbert White's article, she won't expect to be offered, among other pages, a hoax. In my personal opinion, hoax pages that look genuine are much more damaging to WP than vandalism, and they are more expensive to fix. Please consider making positive contributions to WP. Rl 18:30, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Estella Marie Thompson

Estella Marie Thompson (born August 9, 1969), also known as Divine Brown, is an American former sex worker who gained attention from law enforcement and the media in 1995 when actor Hugh Grant was caught receiving oral sex from her in his car on Hollywood's Sunset Boulevard. Thompson has remained in the public eye since then through work in pornography, television appearances, and newspaper interviews.

Early life
Thompson grew up in poverty in the eastern part of Oakland, California. She was one of six children of a single mother. Having herself become a mother of two daughters, she turned to sex work when she could not pay a $133 electricity bill. Going to Union Square in San Francisco one night, she earned $1,000 in five hours.

Arrest with Hugh Grant
On June 27, 1995, Thompson and British actor Hugh Grant were arrested together in Los Angeles. According to Thompson, the attention of a policeman was alerted by Grant repeatedly pressing the brake pedal of his BMW with his foot, causing the brake lights to flash many times.

Charged with lewd conduct, she pleaded no contest on September 6, 1995. In addition to being ordered to attend an AIDS class and perform five days of community service, she was fined $1,150 for parole violations and sentenced to 180 days in jail. Hugh Grant pleaded no contest and was fined $1,180, placed on two years' summary probation, and was ordered to complete an AIDS education program.

Other legal troubles
In September 1996, Thompson was arrested at the MGM Grand Las Vegas in Paradise after flirting and making suggestive comments to undercover police officers. A police officer involved in the operation was quoted as saying, "She didn't actually solicit, but the police officers knew what she was up to." The arrest resulted in a $950 fine for loitering for the purpose of prostitution and resisting arrest. Thompson denied she was still involved in sex work.

Media appearances
Thompson only learned who her client had been when reporters besieged her house the day after her arrest. In the publicity that ensued in the days after her encounter with Grant, Thompson appeared on television shows, including The Howard Stern Show and Danny Bonaduce's short-lived Danny!. She appeared in a television commercial promoting a Los Angeles radio station, a commercial for a Brazilian lingerie company, in semi-nude pictures for soft-porn magazines like Penthouse, and as a presenter on UK pornography channel Television X. In 1996, she played herself in an X-rated docu-drama based on the incident, Sunset and Divine: The British Experience. In September 1996, she made an appearance at the professional wrestling show Fight the Power.

Thompson continued to stay in the public eye, appearing in Joey Buttafuoco's public-access television show in 1998, on Judge Judy in 1996, and on the Danish documentary series Negermagasinet in 2005. She was the subject of the biopic Million Dollar Hooker in 2006 and appeared on Hollywood Lives, an ITV television series, in 2007.

Personal life
Thompson has been reported to have earned a total of $1.6 million from publicity related to her arrest with Grant. As a result, she and her manager, partner, and father of her children, Alvin C. Brown, bought a four-bedroom home in Beverly Hills. Thompson has said the money she earned from interviews and endorsements after the 1995 interrupted dalliance has allowed her to put her daughters through private school. "Everything worked out for the better," she said in 2007: "It helped me turn it into something positive … I was blessed that it could get me out of that lifestyle."

Grant, asked in a 2003 London Times interview about how he viewed his encounter with Thompson, said, "I think, ultimately, the pros and cons about evened out, actually. I remember saying to my agent the night of the event – I was very drunk – 'Is this bad for my career?' He was a very Hollywood guy, for whom everything is fantastic, and even he ... had to say: 'Oh, it's not great.' But on the other hand, there were odd things coming out of it that were quite positive, in a way. So I have to say, in all honesty, I think it was kind of neutral."

title: Estella Marie Thompson


text: User talk:64.4.90.115

title: User talk:64.4.90.115


text:
Alonistaina

Alonistaina (Αλωνίσταινα) is a mountain village in the municipal unit of Falanthos, Arcadia, Greece. It is situated in the forested northern Mainalo mountains, at about 1,220 m. elevation, making it one of the highest villages in the Peloponnese. It is considered a traditional settlement and is situated 6 km north of Piana, 6 km southeast of Vytina, 9 km southwest of Levidi and 18 km northwest of Tripoli. Alonistaina has a school and a church (Agia Paraskevi).

Description
The village in the Mainalo mountains is one of the highest villages of Arcadia, Peloponnese. Kefalovriso is the largest karst spring in the area; it is dedicated to Saint Nicholas.

Notable people

 * Birthplace of Zambia Kolokotroni-Kotsaki, mother of Theodoros Kolokotronis, a general in the Greek War of Independence.
 * Birthplace of Theodoros Tourkovasilis, politician.

title: Alonistaina


text:
Crossing the Threshold of Hope

Crossing the Threshold of Hope was written in 1994 by Pope John Paul II. It was published originally in Italian by Arnoldo Mondadori Editore and in English by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. It is distributed by Random House, Inc., New York City. By 1998, the book had sold several million copies and was published in forty languages. Over one million copies were sold in Italy alone.

Origin
The contents presented in Crossing the Threshold of Hope were originally intended to be broadcast as a live television interview with Vittorio Messori, an Italian journalist and writer. The interview was to celebrate fifteen years of his papacy. When John Paul II had to cancel the interview at the last minute, he still wanted to answer Messori's questions and told him: “You have asked me questions, therefore you have a right to responses. ... I am working on them. I will let you have them. Then do with them what you think is appropriate”.

At the end of April 1994, Messori received a package from the Vatican: The pope had answered every question. John Paul II expressed his confidence in Messori by permitting him to do whatever he saw fit with the contents of the folder. He only wrote “Crossing the Threshold of Hope” on the inside front cover of the folder as a suggestion for a possible title.

As Messori began compiling the questions, he saw that additional questions as follow-up would be helpful. Additional questions were composed and sent. When the follow-up questions returned from the Vatican, Messori found that the pope had again answered every question.

Contents
The text of the book is presented exactly as written by John Paul II. Points that the pope underlined in his original manuscript are italicized in the published text. Paragraph breaks remain consistent with John Paul II's writing.

Messori doesn't ask private questions, but the questions he does ask allow the reader to see the personal life of the pope. For example, the very first question in Crossing the Threshold of Hope asks whether the pope ever doubts his relationship with God, especially given the importance of his role in the Catholic Church. The pope's answer grounds itself in Scripture: “Be not afraid!” (Luke 1:30). These words echoed through John Paul II's papacy, and they continue to echo in this writing.

Messori continues to ask questions throughout the book that people throughout the world have wondered: “How do you pray?” “Does God really exist?” “Is there really hope in the young?” “Does eternal life exist?” “What does it mean to be saved?”  The pope does not answer questions that only pertain to Catholicism. Messori asks questions about Islam, Buddhism, Judaism, Hinduism, and monotheistic religions in general. John Paul II's answers to these questions reflect his great love for all people and his knowledge of these religions: he speaks several times of individuals he has met who belong to these religions, sometimes calling them by name. He also says vehemently that “the Catholic Church rejects nothing that is true and holy in these religions”. He quotes the Second Vatican Council as mentioning a "common soteriological root present in all religions" though he seems to contradict that by stating that "the Buddhist tradition and the methods deriving from it have an almost exclusively negative soteriology." and continuing "doctrines of salvation in Buddhism and Christianity are opposed." This has been judged by Buddhists as a misunderstanding of Buddhism.

Messori's questions in the latter portion of the book refer to various tenets of the Catholic faith, including whether the Catholic Church really has the fullness of truth, and whether or not heaven exists. Many people ask these questions, and the pope's answers to these questions can be found here.

Some readers may find Messori frustrating at times, as his writing can be gushing and formal. He says things like, “Pardon me, Your Holiness, but my role (which gives me great honor but also a certain responsibility) is also that of a respectful “provocateur” with regard to questions...”.

Topics of the book include: “The Pope: A Scandal and a Mystery,” “How does the Pope Pray?” “Does God Really Exist?” “Proof: Is it Still Valid?” “If God Exists, Why is He Hiding?” “Is Jesus the Son of God?” “Why Is There So Much Evil in the World?” “What Does To Save Mean?” “Why So Many Religions?” “Buddha?” “Muhammad?” “Judaism?” “What Is the New Evangelization?” “Is There Really Hope in the Young?” “Was God at Work in the Fall of Communism?” “Is Only Rome Right?” “In Search of Lost Unity,” “A Qualitative Renewal,” “The Reaction of the World,” “Does Eternal Life Exist?” “Human Rights,” “The Mother of God,” and “Be Not Afraid.”

The pope answers questions directly, and he also provides a context and history as background. He reflects on Descartes’ philosophy of “I think, therefore I am,” while referencing Kant, Hegel, Husserl, Heidegger, Aristotle, and Plato when defining the history of European thought.

Although the pope writes to a worldwide audience, he also speaks specifically of the Catholic faith, including references not only to the Sacred Scriptures, but also many saints: Augustine's City of God, John of the Cross and his Ascent of Mount Carmel, Thomas Aquinas and the Summa Theologica, and many more.

Praise
Reception of this work of John Paul II range from “With the humility and generosity of spirit for which he is well known, John Paul speaks forthrightly to all people” to “the Pope emerges as the master of the flat statement, the bland certainty. Metaphor, anecdotes, humour, imagination rarely trouble his style; he prefers the long pedantic plod through Aristotle and Plato, St Paul, Augustine, St Thomas Aquinas, Descartes, Pascal, Kant, Hegel, Husserl and Heidegger”

Criticism
The Pope's negative portrayal of Buddhism received widespread criticism within the various branches of Buddhism across the world.

In response to receiving several letters from Poland, from individuals and from a publishing house, asking him to comment on it, Thinley Norbu Rinpoche (one of the key teachers in the Nyingma lineage of Tibetan Buddhism) wrote the book Welcoming Flowers from across the Cleansed Threshold of Hope: An Answer to the Pope's Criticism of Buddhism to address the "serious, gratuitous misrepresentations of Buddhist doctrine which seemed to be based on misunderstandings" contained within Crossing the Threshold of Hope.

The release of the book in Sri Lanka on the eve of the Pope's January visit to this country stirred up waves of indignation in the Buddhist community that spread as far as the Vatican. The Buddhist prelates announced that they would not attend an inter-religious meeting requested by the Pope unless he formally retracted his unfavorable remarks about Buddhism. Although on arrival the Pope tried to appease the feelings of Buddhist leaders by declaring his esteem for their religion, even quoting the Dhammapada, he fell short of proffering a full apology, and this did not satisfy the Sangha elders.

The New York Times cited criticism from Sri Lanka Buddhists, saying:
 * In his book, the Pope uses language that Buddhists here say they found offensive, notably its reference to nirvana as a state of "indifference with regard to the world" and its assertion that the Buddhist doctrine of salvation through nirvana is "almost exclusively negative."

Ven. Bhikkhu Bodhi, a highly regarded scholar of Theravada Buddhism and past president of the Buddhist Publication Society published an essay "intended as a short corrective to the Pope's demeaning characterization of Buddhism" entitled Toward a Threshold of Understanding.

The English satirical magazine Private Eye attacked the book; "A few pages reveal however, that this is no interview at all, being constructed instead on the age-old Catholic model of the Catechism, in which the grovelling postulant is not only given all the answers to memorise but has all the questions dictated to him too."

title: Crossing the Threshold of Hope


text:
Tom Sawyer (song)

"Tom Sawyer" is a song by Canadian rock band Rush, originally released on their 1981 album Moving Pictures as its opener. The band's lead singer, bassist, and keyboardist, Geddy Lee, has referred to the track as the band's "defining piece ... from the early '80s".

Background and recording
The song was written by Geddy Lee, drummer Neil Peart, and guitarist Alex Lifeson in collaboration with lyricist Pye Dubois of the band Max Webster, who also co-wrote the Rush songs "Force Ten", "Between Sun and Moon", and "Test for Echo". According to the US radio show In the Studio with Redbeard (which devoted an episode to the making of Moving Pictures), "Tom Sawyer" came about during a summer rehearsal vacation that Rush spent at Ronnie Hawkins' farm outside Toronto. Peart was presented with a poem by Dubois named "Louis the Lawyer" (often incorrectly cited as "Louis the Warrior") that he modified and expanded. Lee and Lifeson then helped set the poem to music. For "Tom Sawyer", Lee switched from his Rickenbacker 4001 to a Fender Jazz Bass he purchased from a pawn shop.

In the December 1985 Rush Backstage Club newsletter, drummer and lyricist Neil Peart said: "Tom Sawyer was a collaboration between myself and Pye Dubois, an excellent lyricist who wrote the lyrics for Max Webster. His original lyrics were kind of a portrait of a modern day rebel, a free-spirited individualist striding through the world wide-eyed and purposeful. I added the themes of reconciling the boy and man in myself, and the difference between what people are and what others perceive them to be—namely me, I guess."

Alex Lifeson describes his guitar solo in "Tom Sawyer" in a 2007 interview: "I winged it. Honest! I came in, did five takes, then went off and had a cigarette. I'm at my best for the first two takes; after that, I overthink everything and I lose the spark. Actually, the solo you hear is composed together from various takes."

Record World described the song as a "Zeppelinesque power ballad" which "breaks into a dynamic, demonic jam."

Personnel

 * Geddy Lee – vocals, bass guitar, keyboards
 * Alex Lifeson – guitar
 * Neil Peart – drums

Single release
The song peaked at number 24 in Canada, number 44 on the US Billboard Hot 100, and number eight on the Billboard Top Tracks chart. The studio version of "Tom Sawyer", despite its popularity, did not see a single-release in other territories. In the UK, "Vital Signs" was chosen as the single from Moving Pictures. "Tom Sawyer" is one of the most played songs on classic rock radio in the United States, is the most played Canadian song from before 1988 by Canadian rock radio stations during the Neilson BDS Era (which started in 1995), and is the fifth most downloaded Canadian digital song from the 1980s. In 2009, it placed 19th on VH1's list of 100 Greatest Songs of Hard Rock. "Tom Sawyer" was one of five Rush songs inducted into the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame on March 28, 2010.

The live version of "Tom Sawyer" from Exit...Stage Left peaked at number 25 on the UK Singles Chart in October 1981.

title: Tom Sawyer (song)


text:
User:Farhansher

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 * align="center" width="100%" style="border-style:solid; border-width:3; border-color:#80737C; background-color:#CC99FF; color:#000000;"| We are born with wings, why prefer to crawl through life. — Rumi
 * valign="top" style="border-style:solid; border-width:3; border-color:#e6e6fa; background-color:#f0fff0; color:#660044;"|
 * valign="top" style="border-style:solid; border-width:3; border-color:#e6e6fa; background-color:#f0fff0; color:#660044;"|

Pages started by me
azeemia. Muraqaba. Sufi Texts. List of famous Sufis. List of Da'ees. Category:Muslim scientists. Category:Muslim scholars. Category:Muslim preachers. Combative jihad. Data Durbar Complex. Din (Arabic term). Kabir Helminski. Tajalli • Noor • Maqaam • Haal • Manzil • Yaqeen • Fanaa • Baqaa • Category:Sufi philosophy. History of Sufism. Six Kalimas. Sufi philosophy. Template:User sd-1. Template:User sd-2. Wajad. Ahl al Fatrah

Pages editted by me
Astrology. Numerology. Islam. Sufism. Apostasy. Meditation. Spirituality. Chakra. Quran. Muhammad. Dhikr. Lataif-e-Sitta. Sufi Cosmology. Dawah. Tariqa. Islamophobia. Slavery. Dhul-Qarnayn. Sermon. Meditation. List of Muslims. List of Islamic texts. Zakir Naik Islamic Research Foundation. Spiritual practice. List of spirituality-related topics. Ahmed Deedat. Ali Hajweri. Islam as a political movement. Islamic banking. Kafir (Islam). Rules of war in Islam. Sephirot (Kabbalah). Kalam. The Farewell Sermon. New Age

 * }

title: User:Farhansher


text:
Talk:Mass surveillance

Untitled
Dan Brown's Digital Fortress praises mass surveillance?! I feel pretty sure that whoever added that either didn't actually read the book, or some how grossly misunderstood the very obvious anti-mass surveillance message! The "happy ending" is when the NSA's supercomputer used for unwarranted surveillance overheats and explodes killing the pro-surveillance antagonist. Digital Fortress should be in the section listing literature and movies critical of mass surveillance. This needs a major rethink! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.107.138.182 (talk) 11:13, 14 January 2013 (UTC)

Maybe we could find at least something on the pro-side in the Prelinger archives to balance the ciritique. --Vinsci 20:37, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

This article states "Amongst the western democracies, the United Kingdom is perhaps the country subject to the most surveillance." Which sounds really biased considering that UK is one of the few countries in EU/Europe without ID cards. Perhaps the author is from the UK but doesn't know about other western democracies bar the USA?

 * I think the sentence itself is POV, and should be removed. Still, the UK does have a lot of cameras. It sounds like London is literally covered in them. When I think surveillance, I think cameras, not ID cards. And they are trying to implement the ID cards anyway. Rhobite 16:39, July 16, 2005 (UTC)

The whole article is quite POV, and frankly doesn't do the privacy lobby any favours, by not mentioning any of the many specific examples of abuse that have been detected. Trying to work on Closed-circuit television to fix similar issues there. Morwen - Talk 14:35, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Under "movies critical of mass surveilance" you could include Enemy of the State. (Starring Will Smith) That movie always comes to mind about how information could be abused. One of the scenes that is quite invasive of privacy is the one where they switch his watch, put a bug in his shoe, replace his pen with an identical pen but with spy technology inside it. And all of it without his knowledge. They use satellites to track him, cameras to spy from a distance, and pretty much do whatever they can to destroy the evidence to coverup a murder. Pretty scary stuff, but when you look at today's environment and compare it with this movie (made before 911) it is shockingly accurate in how today's people feel about big brother and the potential for the digital age to be open to so much abuse from high.

You don't have to be a paranoid conspiracy theorist to feel you are being watched anymore. People's gradual acceptance of the loss of thier privacy means thier attitudes have changed to be accepting of the surveilance. But when this movie was made, the characters are cynical and reflect what most people were thinking about and thier concern at this loss of freedom. here is the imdb link to the movie: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120660/

I think given the themes it is worth considering for inclusion into that section of the article. Within the boards some have pointed out to strange "coincidences" in the movie and 911: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120660/board/threads/

another link highlighting some eerie coincidences before 911: http://www.letsroll911.org/ipw-web/bulletin/bb/viewtopic.php?t=9537&start=0

I think you could include Gattaca as a movie against, in relation to DNA databasing.18:07, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

Some news: "USA Today reported Thursday [May 11, 2006] that the three largest U.S. telephone companies--AT&T, Verizon, and BellSouth--have handed over millions of wireline phone records to the National Security Agency without a court order." Shawnc 13:40, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

"People's gradual acceptance of the loss of thier (sic) privacy means thier (sic) attitudes have changed to be accepting of the surveilance (sic)" Or maybe people are (a) sensible enough to realise that monitoring of PUBLIC space does not infringe their PRIVACY, (b) not so narcissistic as to think the security services and the police don't have better things to do than monitor every waking moment of some ignorant hippy's sad, pointless life, and (c) are aware that the threats of anti-social behaviour and terrorism which CCTV can help challenge are infinitely more dangerous than the somewhat remote possibility that the UK or the USA will transform overnight into a dictatorship, all of which mean that (d) while "You don't have to be a paranoid conspiracy theorist to feel you are being watched anymore" (you might just be delusional, ignorant, and self-obsessed) it certainly helps! Following on from these observations, I am going to take apart and rebuild this article, until it actually bears some resemblance to an encyclopaedic entry from planet Earth. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 158.143.138.47 (talk) 16:33, 12 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Good one, Adolf. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.104.79.110 (talk) 07:54, 4 May 2010 (UTC)

Thanks. How long did it take you to think of that? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 158.143.146.76 (talk) 13:48, 9 May 2010 (UTC)

Facts
The "United States" section seems to be sorely lacking facts and/or sources and seems mostly filled with conspiracy-theory-sounding rumors ("The National Security Agency has been alleged as a major figure in this type of activity because of ECHELON, although this was never solidly proven to be surveillance directed against American citizens."). This is an interesting subject, but this is an encyclopedia and it should sound like a reliable source and not be littered with this kind of nonsense. —Cleared as filed. 15:45, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Also, is the Multistate Anti-Terrorism Information Exchange really "surveillance" as this article seems to be talking about it? Just having a huge database of facts doesn't necessarily equal surveillance.  I'm going to make a stab and clearing some of the nonsense out of this section. —Cleared as filed. 15:47, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

 * "Just having a huge database of facts doesn't necessarily equal surveillance." You seem to be one of those who has sentiments like "just because the government proposed to do ______ and Congress requested and approved funding for ______ doesn't mean the government is actually doing ______"

Should the gov't keep a secret file on all of us that we don't know the contents of or what they'll use it for, simply because they can? Does that bother you?Batvette (talk) 08:56, 19 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Does anyone have a citation for British telephone boxes including recording equipment? It sounds unlikely to me, surely someone would have to collect all the tapes regularly? Jameskeates 16:29, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

The statement about ECHELON being used for economic espionage has been for about six months. Time to delete it? - 69.219.1.50 01:38, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

United Kingdom
"Amongst the western democracies, the United Kingdom is perhaps the country subject to the most surveillance."

Why does wikipedia keep referring to Britain as a democracy?

The House of Lords is the Government of Britain, excepting the very limited and constrained powers the House of Commons has through the obsolete Salisbury convention and the token use of the Parliament Act. The Liberal Democrats and Conservatives in the House of Lords do not even respect the Salisbury convention and the Parliament Act's use is limited, it can only be used once in the period of a government i.e. about once every four years!

The House of Lords makes law in Britain through the amending of legislation passed from the House of Commons. The House of Commons is nothing more, in practicality, than a glorified advising chamber to the unelected House of Lords. The House of Lords is the government of Britain and it is not democratically elected. Therefore, Britain cannot be objectively described as a democracy!

 * Wrong, the House of Lords is a watchdog mainly for civil liberties, it can block legislation but this has only been use 6 times in the last 30 odd years (last time was 3 month detentions.) Any amendments made (not many are) means the Bill goes back into the commons to be re-reviewed. Britain is a democracy, albeit with noticeable flaws (first past the post..) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.135.213.205 (talk) 23:41, 12 February 2008 (UTC)
 * UK operates as a democracy as the House of Lords very rarely opposes the House of Commons and so legislation is (de facto) decided by the House of Commons. Similarly, the monarch appoints the Prime Minister, who can legally be any member of parliament who can obtain/retain a majority in the House of Commons. In practice the monarch always invites the leader of the majority party. Essentially the checks and balance son the unelected authorities are by way of tradition more than law. But surely this is more of a democracy: chosing to respect parliament despite not being directed to by law rather than many countries where the head of state ignores parliament despite not being directed to ignore it by law! Babakathy (talk) 16:24, 23 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Um, what has this got to do with thise arycile anyway? Babakathy (talk) 16:25, 23 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Let 'em go at it, wiki can't be that starved for server space and we across the pond need the edumacation as well as reminder that we aren't the only imperfect nation. Batvette (talk) 08:59, 19 April 2009 (UTC)

Communist countries
China, Russia and Cuba may be running mass surveilance schemes. Anybody has evidence? Human rights, political rights etc are strongly suppressed--HiddenIP (talk) 15:24, 7 January 2012 (UTC)
 * China in particular is a glaring omission. (I know less about Russia, though I am pretty sure it no longer describes itself as communist.) In general, this article needs a lot of cleanup. Indeed, I wonder if it's really possible to do sections on different types of surveillance in all the different countries. Maybe it would make more sense to split off some of the currently bigger sections (US & UK) and use this article to focus on different surveillance technologies? groupuscule (talk) 19:43, 15 November 2012 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I noticed that the mass surveillance and electronic police state articles refer to each other.

Except in the list of "key factors," the latter de-emphasizes (see Electronic_Police_State) collection by commercial entities of data which is then turned over to the state, for example when requested in a National Security Letter.

I suspect that the term "electronic police state" has little currency: of the two publications using it which are listed in Electronic_Police_State, one was explicitly underground, and the other ceased publication after three issues, citing a lack of interest (https://secure.cryptohippie.com/pubs/EPS-2011.pdf). Most results from a search engine were about the Cryptohippie reports. 24.24.214.15 (talk) 14:15, 29 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Comment I also suspect something similar - especially this specific definition proposed in the article which must have limited support in sources. Widefox ; talk 07:38, 14 June 2013 (UTC)

When you take out all of the unsourced WP:OR in electronic police state you're left with nothing that isn't already included here. I think that article should be deleted. --Nstrauss (talk) 21:05, 14 June 2013 (UTC)

 * My suggestion at this point is that we add a short "Electronic police state" section to this article, use it to preserve anything from the Electronic police state article that isn't WP:OR and that is reasonably sourced (I said it would be a short section), and make Electronic police state into a #REDIRECT that redirects here. --Jeff Ogden (W163) (talk) 00:34, 17 September 2013 (UTC)

 * ✅. I went ahead and did the merge. --Jeff Ogden (W163) (talk) 05:28, 25 September 2013 (UTC)

Relevance of databases
I have replaced a link to National databases of United States persons becase it is clearly relevant to the topic of the section in which it appears. The criticism that it is "unsourced, nonsensical, and weasely" is false because, fairly obviously, databases contribute to the realization of mass surveillance, and the linked article is sourced, and there is nothing weasely about pointing out the connection. ENeville (talk) 23:02, 16 July 2013 (UTC)

 * First, please don't re-revert; that's edit warring. WP:BRD justifies a single reversion; WP:ROWN doesn't justify re-reversion -- in fact, WP:ROWN specifically says that if you adhere to it you don't re-revert. Anyway, here's what's wrong with the sentence you added (and re-added), as I see it:
 * nonsensical: I don't even know what the sentence means. If I don't understand it then the average reader probably won't understand it. Please explain what you're trying to say and perhaps we can make it clearer.
 * weasely: The use of the word "various" really is weasely (see WP:WEASEL) as it refers vaguely to unspecified databases. The implication is that it applies to all of the databases listed on the linked page. Wikipedia shouldn't contain implications; if you mean something, say it.
 * unsourced: The suggestion that the (unspecified) databases facilitate anything requires reliable sourcing, particularly if you're suggesting that the databases listed on the linked page are being used for surveillance (a highly controversial claim).
 * And I'll throw in another problem for good measure: the page linked to (National databases of United States persons) shouldn't exist because it doesn't meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines. But I'll leave that for a discussion on that article's talk page (and, if necessary, the WP:AFD process). --Dr. Fleischman (talk) 04:06, 17 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Firstly, I didn't re-revert: I modified the wording. If you feel that the wording merits further improvement, obviously you would be encouraged to pursue that. Overall, I find your critique so untenable under scrutiny that I think most editors will see the same and for the benefit of perspective I'll allow a third party to address it, if one finds it necessary. ENeville (talk) 16:30, 17 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Now that you point it out I see that you re-worded my sentence so it probably wasn't a re-revert. Sorry. In any case, how about if you humor me and actually address my arguments? If my critique is so untenable then it should be easy. --Dr. Fleischman (talk) 18:14, 17 July 2013 (UTC)
 * "Wikipedia is not a battleground

 * "See also: Wikipedia is not about winning

 * "Wikipedia is not a place to hold grudges, import personal conflicts, carry on ideological battles, or nurture prejudice, hatred, or fear. Making personal battles out of Wikipedia discussions goes directly against our policies and goals. In addition to avoiding battles in discussions, do not try to advance your position in disagreements by making changes to content or policies, and do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point." ENeville (talk) 14:09, 18 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Once more: are you going to respond to my substantive arguments? --Dr. Fleischman (talk) 17:48, 18 July 2013 (UTC)

3O Response: This discussion is barely ripe for WP:3O input, but I'll give it a try. The overall problem with the article is its' overall structure. "Mass surveillance" is a buzzword, used because we see lots of security cameras about. The cameras are private (like in Las Vegas casinos) and public (like the camera that caught the tragic high-speed train wreck in Spain the other day). Thus we have a normal concern about "Big Brother". So lets look at the article. First, consider the lede sentence: "MS is ... pervasive surveillance of an entire population..." This circular definition says "MS is surveillance that is massive". (But does such surveillance actually exist? Am I being "surveyed" as I write this post? If not, then I am an exception to the "entire population" descriptive. Keep in mind that for every person subject to surveillance, there must be someone doing the watching.) Next, the lede paragraphs, including the criticisms, do not have citations. Thus it is little wonder that a dispute might arise about the vague national database list article. We can't figure out if surveillance means cameras, Google search logging, Wikipedia toolserver edit counts, or even accessiblity to electronic based YellowPages. An overall revision of the article is needed before quibbles about the relevance of the database article are helpful. Also, I mentioned at the start that this discussion was barely ripe. 3O postings should be made after a thorough discussion (of the issue) has taken place and the discussion is at a standstill. Much of the above is simply about BRD and 3R/1R. My 3O recommendation is to drop the issue (and not link the database article) so that you can move on to more basic stuff like proper definition of the article subject based on WP:RS. (PS: thanks for the opportunity to spout off!)  – S. Rich (talk) 18:49, 26 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the 3O. Can you please clarify, do you mean the sentence should be removed for now, or just the link? --Dr. Fleischman (talk) 23:26, 26 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Actually, the link is an WP:EGG. (I didn't think about that in my rumination.) Leave out the sentence. Put the link in the "See also" section. – S. Rich (talk) 23:46, 26 July 2013 (UTC)
 * I have an issue with the notability of the linked page, but that's a separate discussion. As long as that page exists I'm okay with the "See also" idea. ENeville, your thoughts? --Dr. Fleischman (talk) 04:17, 27 July 2013 (UTC)
 * This 3O opinion seems (admittedly?) to range widely from the issue at hand. While the points raised about the introduction may be valid, Wikipedia is a work in progress and a link to an article on databases of a national population seems suited here within any reasonable range of potential nuances adopted in the introduction in the future.  At the least, the link seems suited currently and it would seem best to keep such information included unless and until the intro is reworked in a manner that clearly excludes the relevance.  Unless, maybe, someone can point to another WP article where such a link is more suited. If I were reading about mass surveillance in the United States – even considering the absence of established refinement of the meaning of "mass surveillance" – either because I was looking for that topic specifically or because I was reading about mass surveillance generally and got to that section, I'd want to know if there's related information on WP.  I'd call that basic wfy.  I appreciate that there is a concern about WP:EGG, but I think the solution would be to change the link to unpiped or piped differently (and I may take a crack at that).  Moving it to "See also" seems noticeably less desirable, as particularly in such a large article people are less likely to see it, and certainly much less so if reading just the section.  It honestly feels a little creepy to need to justify inclusion in this case, given that the fundamental topic is about keeping track of being secretly watched. ENeville (talk) 21:13, 1 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Sorry if you're feeling creeped out. I agree that Srich32977's scope argument isn't particularly relevant, since there's little doubt that the subject of the sentence has something to do with "mass surveillance" no matter how broadly you define that term. Besides, there are lots and lots of articles here about equally nebulous subjects; editors shouldn't have to nail down in the lead section what's in and what's out before working on the rest of the article.
 * I agree with Srich32977's WP:EGG argument and I appreciate ENeville's removal of the link on that basis.
 * My concerns still remain with the sentence itself, however, and ENeville has still refused to address them. This might be considered WP:TE or WP:IDHT; regardless it's not very nice and simply perpetuates the dispute. Let's look just at sourcing for now. ENeville, please explain why a reliable source isn't necessary for the statement that various (now unspecified) databases "facilitate" surveillance? --Dr. Fleischman (talk) 22:01, 1 August 2013 (UTC)
 * And I considered advising you of Disruptive editing and Tendentious editing, based on your past behavior. You previously accused me of harassing you relating to this issue, and now you criticize me for not engaging. There seems no way to satisfy your expectations. Nonetheless, I have supplied two citations. ENeville (talk) 02:14, 2 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Sorry, those sources don't support the statement. The statement suggests that all national databases facilitate surveillance, but the sources are only about two sets of databases (XKeyscore and the FBI criminal databases). Moreover the source about FBI criminal databases doesn't say anything about mass surveillance. Employers' screenings of job applicants can hardly be called mass surveillance. --Dr. Fleischman (talk) 05:23, 2 August 2013 (UTC)

Merger proposal 2 (Surveillance state)
There is a second merge proposal that calls for merging Surveillance state into this article. I didn't initiate the proposal, but want to create a place where it can be discussed. This is that place. --Jeff Ogden (W163) (talk) 00:26, 17 September 2013 (UTC)

 * Since this merge proposal has been pending since June 2012, my suggestion is that we resolve this by adding a short "Surveillance state" section to this article, use it to preserve anything from the Surveillance state article that isn't WP:OR and that is reasonably sourced, and make Surveillance state into a #REDIRECT that redirects here. --Jeff Ogden (W163) (talk) 00:38, 17 September 2013 (UTC)

 * ✅. I went ahead and did the merge. Surveillance state now #REDIRECTs here. --Jeff Ogden (W163) (talk) 15:38, 24 September 2013 (UTC)

iPhone fingerprint scanner - privacy/security issues
Impact of iPhone 5S fingerprint reader and the US-VISIT fingerprint gathering program and the possible resultant privacy/security issues.

Does the NSA (and GCHQ) already have the ‘key’ to your iPhone?

If you have visited the USA in about the last 10 years, on clearing immigration you will have to have given the US a (digital) copy of your fingerprints.

So, if your fingerprints are to be the new ‘key’ to the iPhone (and other future gadgets to follow), who exactly has a copy of that ‘key’?

If the NSA already has the ‘key’ to your iPhone, it is not a great leap to imagine that software could be made so that that ‘key’ could be used remotely to access your data.

It has already been shown that these Governmental agencies have an unquenchable thirst to spy on their own citizens (let alone people outside of their country).

Likewise, if you obtained a UK biometric passport (or an UK ID card) then GCHQ will have a digital copy of your fingerprints. Also, in the UK, if you were arrested (but were never convicted of an offense), then the police have the right to take and keep your fingerprints.

If finger print technology becomes the gold standard means of authenticating your identity (e.g. to access email, banking as well as phone data), then your fingerprints could become the ultimate ‘skeleton key’ for all your data.

Again, the question remains, who already has that data and who could get a hold of it?

Unlike passwords, a fingerprint cannot be ‘reset’

What happens if your fingerprint data becomes compromised?

In traditional security systems, when a password has been cracked, it is a small matter to reset your password (or passwords). However, you can never ‘reset’ a fingerprint. If compromised, your finger prints will remain a permanent open backdoor to your personal security.

It seems that some people are happy for the UK Government (and successive Governments) to have such data, and to be spied on by them. However, what happens if someone else gets a copy of your fingerprints?

High-tech criminal fraud is already big business worldwide and criminal gangs are particularly adept at hacking, and so might actively seek to get your finger print data. With the advent of iPhone5S and iTunes allowing purchases using fingerprint data (and further business models no doubt set to follow) criminal gangs will be incentivized like never before to get your fingerprint data.

In the future, there may be more value in stealing your phone for its fingerprint data than stealing the phone itself. As for the phone re-sale market, you will have to be pretty sure that your fingerprint data is gone, or you may lose considerably more than you made selling your phone.

If your fingerprint data became compromised, perhaps you could try to block the use of your fingerprints as a means of authentication, but you would need to notify every person, business, and governmental organ that your fingerprints have been compromised. Good luck with that!

In the future, if fingerprints become the standard means of authenticating your identity, then you should take great care who you give that data to now, if stolen your life could become very difficult in the future.

iSpy an iPhone?

Also: Senator Al Franken, chairman of the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Privacy, Technology and the Law, has written to Apple boss Tim Cook explaining his security concerns:

122.150.200.116 (talk) 11:24, 24 September 2013 (UTC)

Literature and movies
I have no objection to a prose section, properly sourced, but this list is ridiculous. For example, it is claimed that the 2006 film Déjà Vu praises mass surveillance. I think that's going way too far. The film does not praise anything. Viriditas (talk) 10:40, 29 November 2013 (UTC)

Bias
Buenos-Ding-Dong-Didily-Dias:

I'm always suspicious when social problems fail to appear on Canadian soil in Wikipedia entries. It makes me think that perhaps a group of people are doing their very best to make Canada appear like a paradise.

I would accordingly suggest someone to start a section on Canada and surveillance. If you live here, it's pretty easily observable that mass surveillance is an issue, especially on the Internet.

Saludos,

70.72.45.131 (talk) 20:00, 17 September 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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"single most indicative distinguishing trait of totalitarian regimes"
I'd agree mass surveillance is an indicative trait, but is it a "distinguishing" trait if western democracies also practice it (USA, Australia, UK, etc)? The only way to unpack this contradiction is to say that those democracies are totalitarian, which has a degree of truth to some perhaps but it can't be justified as fact. 203.5.6.57 (talk) 00:58, 29 March 2019 (UTC)

Legality & oversight (& philosophy) -- additions or cross references requested
In this article there is remarkably little overview of the legality of mass surveillance. I can not find any link to an article that gives a broad overview of it. Does something like that exist in Wikipedia?

The country by country list has a lot of good but miscellaneous information in it, but it doesn't make for a very readable article about the fundamental issues and philosophy that could guide decision making. If any of the country-specific content is really exemplary of applied philosophy, then it should probably be pulled out to a featured section above the big list of countries.

In a higher level summary, what are the various traditions and the legal philosophy (and analysis of 'true' strategic necessity) that guides decisions about what parts of a government may do (especially in a Liberal democracy) either in complete secrecy, or under various tiers of oversight, with what degree of independent auditing and what degree of public reporting on what timescales, etc. etc.

Surely this is an issue in philosophy of government. In a democracy, surely the supposedly responsible citizen rulers should be expected to understand where they should maintain oversight on the bureaucrats doing things in their name, and what things have undeniable rock-solid necessity for being 'covert'.

What are the most influential books etc. discussing this at a national security vs. philosophy of government level (non-partisan, and not just reacting to contemporary issues).

Where is there a summary of, for example, the oversight structure of all US covert activities (such as the intelligence commitees in congress)? How does it connect to the Constitution and what are the influential legal cases and law changes? How (in general categories, not long lists) do other responsible countries structure their oversight and public disclosure of mass surveillance?

Right now the article is a bit too much of a gigantic list of random facts, and it lacks a structured overview of subtopics (or more structured cross-references to other articles). DKEdwards (talk) 23:40, 29 January 2022 (UTC)

Washington Post article
Hey, User:Discospinster, I noticed you just reverted an edit of mine. Can you be more specific? Can you explain exactly how the citations support the text? Because I read the articles and I don't see it supported there. Jason catlin (talk) 02:56, 23 March 2022 (UTC) Jason Catlin

 * The Wikipedia article says: "Since the September 11 attacks, a vast domestic (and to some extent, global) intelligence apparatus has is being built to collect information using the NSA, FBI, local police, state homeland security offices and military criminal investigators. The intelligence apparatus collects, analyzes and stores information about millions of (if not all) American (and sometimes foreign) citizens, many of whom have not been accused of any wrongdoing."
 * It is cited to a Washington Post article, which says "Nine years after the terrorist attacks of 2001, the United States is assembling a vast domestic intelligence apparatus to collect information about Americans, using the FBI, local police, state homeland security offices and military criminal investigators. The system, by far the largest and most technologically sophisticated in the nation's history, collects, stores and analyzes information about thousands of U.S. citizens and residents, many of whom have not been accused of any wrongdoing."
 * That's how the citation supports the text. ... disco spinster   talk  03:50, 23 March 2022 (UTC)

The specific claim in the text you'd like to add says that it tracks millions if not all Americans. I don't see anything in the article that supports that. Jason catlin (talk) 03:54, 23 March 2022 (UTC) Jason Catlin

 * Then you can take just take that bit out, instead of removing the entire paragraph. ... disco spinster   talk  03:56, 23 March 2022 (UTC)
 * It seems to me that when you take that claim out, there's almost nothing really in the paragraph that's encyclopedic at all. The claim is just that the NSA engages in surveillance?  Well, yes, I'm sure they do.  How about this:  If nothing else, there's no reason to put that paragraph in an article specifically titled "mass surveillance."  It seems to me that if you're going to put something in a mass surveillance article, there has to be something "mass" about it.  So far, all you've really done is provide evidence that the NSA engages in surveillance. Jason catlin (talk) 04:02, 23 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I would think that the word "vast" would indicate that. ... disco spinster   talk  13:20, 23 March 2022 (UTC)
 * This article gives the following definition: "Mass surveillance is the intricate surveillance of an entire or a substantial fraction of a population in order to monitor that group of citizens."
 * It is true that the article describes it as "vast," I agree, but it seems to me that that's a very sort of subjective word. What is it, exactly, about the surveillance that they consider to be vast?  Shouldn't we cite that exactly as the reason we consider it to be mass surveillance?
 * According to the cited Washington Post article, "thousands" of citizens are subject to surveillance. Many other articles have been written since then, describing the warrant process used to target citizens, what the controls are, and how care is taken to avoid excess harm to privacy.  I really have to say that it seems to me that this does not meet the definition of mass surveillance which is proposed by this very article. Jason catlin (talk) 04:50, 26 March 2022 (UTC)

Where to put EMPACT ?
EMPACT according to its own words as quoted from here: https://www.eurojust.europa.eu/empact '' The EU policy cycle EMPACT (European Multidisciplinary Platform Against Criminal ThreatsEuropean Multidisciplinary Platform Against Criminal Threat) is a security initiative driven by EU Member States to identify, prioritise and address threats posed by organised and serious international crime. EMPACT brings together a broad range of multidisciplinary professionals from Member States and third countries to take concrete actions against criminal networks. Participants include law enforcement authorities, the judiciary, EU agencies, customs and tax offices and private partners. With EMPACT, every year over 200 operational actions are carried out in targeted key crime areas. '' EMPACT is a big player in the game of mass surveillance, but there is no en.wikipedia article "European Multidisciplinary Platform Against Criminal Threat". Where would I put the addition to this article in? I presume best would be to add a multi-states topic / area since it makes more sense than adding it under every and each country that participates in EMPACT. For now I add just one source that mentions EMPACT in an article about mass surveillance - by netzpolitik.org (in German) - https://netzpolitik.org/2021/migration-nach-grossbritannien-eu-polizeien-wollen-versteckte-kameras-an-straenden-installieren/ There are more sources on EMPACT and mass surveillance, but first I need to know where and how to include it on this entry. Rava77 (talk) 08:59, 28 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mass surveillance


text:
User:Jens-Kammann

-- Test --

title: User:Jens-Kammann


text:
Go-Kart Records

Go-Kart Records was an independent record label specializing in punk rock located in New York City that was most active from 1995 to 2005. It also has a European division in Mannheim, Germany.

History
In its May 1999 issue, Guitar World magazine listed Go-Kart as one of the "twelve most influential forces in punk rock today" along with Epitaph Records, Ian MacKaye, Jello Biafra and NOFX.

In 2003 the label released the first commercially available MP3 CdD entitled the "Go-kart MP300 Raceway." All-music called the release a, "revolution in a jewel case." It contained 300 songs from 150 bands and included an MP3 player and instructions on how to burn the songs to CD.

In 2004, the company opened an office in Los Angeles and started an offshoot division to release independent films under the moniker Go-kart Films. The Los Angeles office closed in 2008.

From 2006 to 2007, label owner Greg Ross hosted a show entitled Radio Free Greg on Punk Radio Cast (punkradiocast.com) that was the station's most popular show and one of the most listened to shows on the Internet.

As of 2012, the label has slowed down, occasionally releasing music under the Go-Kart imprint as well as its pop-punk imprint Kid Tested Records.

Go-Kart
Artists that appeared on Go-kart releases (full-lengths, EPs and 7"s --- does not include artists that appeared only on compilations)

 * 46 Short
 * 4Ft Fingers
 * Amazombies
 * Anti-Flag
 * Bambix
 * Banner Pilot
 * Berserk
 * Black Army Jacket
 * Black Velvet Flag
 * Boris The Sprinkler
 * Brothers Of Conquest
 * Buttsteak
 * Buzzcocks
 * Candy Snatchers
 * Canned Travolta
 * Capture The Flag
 * Conflict
 * Cougars
 * Daycare Swindlers
 * Doc Hopper
 * Down By Law
 * GBH
 * Guff
 * Hagfish
 * Hemlock
 * I Farm
 * Icons Of Filth
 * INDK
 * IRA
 * Jett Brando
 * Lunachicks
 * Manda And The Marbles
 * The Menzingers
 * Misery
 * Parasites
 * Pigmy Love Circus
 * Pinkerton Thugs
 * Plan A Project
 * Pseudo Heroes
 * Randy's Ripcord
 * RIFU
 * Sexpod
 * Shake Appeal
 * Sick On The Bus
 * Southport
 * Star Strangled Bastards
 * Stress Magnets
 * Sweet Diesel
 * Ten Foot Pole
 * The Control
 * The Meatmen
 * The Shocker
 * The Spades
 * The Templars
 * The Voluptuous Horror of Karen Black
 * Token Entry
 * Toxic Narcotic
 * Transmission0
 * Trick Babys
 * Two Man Advantage
 * Underdog
 * Varukers
 * Vision of Disorder
 * Weston
 * Wives

Go-Kart Europe
Artists Released on Go-kart Europe (full-lengths, EPs and 7"s --- does not include artists that appeared only on compilations)
 * Bambix
 * Dr. Norton
 * Duesenjaeger
 * Go Faster Nuns
 * Malkovich
 * Nervous Nellie
 * Olehole
 * Rifu
 * The Shocker
 * The Very Job Agency
 * World/Inferno Friendship Society
 * World/Inferno Friendship Society

Compilations

 * Brats On The Beat: Ramones for Kids
 * Destroy Television VHS
 * Double Exposure
 * Expose Yourself
 * Go-Kart vs. the Corporate Giant
 * Go-Kart vs. the Corporate Giant 2
 * Go-Kart vs. the Corporate Giant 3
 * Go-Kart vs. the Corporate Giant 4
 * NY's Hardest 3
 * Over Exposed
 * Pop Punk's Not Dead
 * Punk Uprisings 2
 * Skippy Zine/ CD
 * Soundtrack to Troma's Terror Firmer
 * Step on a Crack Vol.2
 * The Go-kart MP300 Raceway
 * Twisted TV DVD
 * Welcome To The Altamont Speedway 7"
 * Your Scene Sucks

Advocacy
The label is an outspoken critic of the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), arguing that the association uses ineffective and heavy-handed business tactics and does not fulfill its claims to represent the music industry. In contrast to the RIAA, the label promotes music downloads, arguing that they help consumers sample music before buying. It has released five albums and numerous single songs for free download on its webpage.

title: Go-Kart Records


text:
Talk:Supermassive black hole

Mass estimate using gravity lens method
https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/521/3/3298/7085506 Robert.Allen (talk) 03:32, 30 March 2023 (UTC)
 * I used that source at List of most massive black holes about three hours before this was posted here. ☆ Bri (talk) 04:57, 30 March 2023 (UTC)

Less technical explanation of the maximum mass limit
I would love a less technical description of what causes the maximum mass limit. I am not capable of writing it myself and the current version is hard to decipher for a non-expert. Pastej (talk) 07:32, 30 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Are you referring to the limit based on Eddington luminosity? Praemonitus (talk) 13:37, 30 March 2023 (UTC)

Supermassive Black Hole (SBH)
The abbreviation of the three words supermassive black hole is the three letters SBH. 2607:FB91:1993:15C9:528:B285:B138:9C93 (talk) 21:55, 14 August 2023 (UTC)
 * True, but a majority of published scientific papers use the SMBH abbreviation. Perhaps this is because it is more distinctive in searches? Regardless, both uses should be mentioned for this reason. Praemonitus (talk) 03:12, 15 August 2023 (UTC)
 * The astronomy literature uses SMBH vastly more than SBH. We should follow the literature here. - Parejkoj (talk) 16:29, 15 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Also, SBH is an abbreviation of stellar black hole, so SMBH avoids ambiguity. Praemonitus (talk) 01:46, 16 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Supermassive black hole


text: User talk:64.231.55.247

title: User talk:64.231.55.247


text:
User talk:Petris13

Please do not remove the deletion notice from this page. It is against Wikipedia policy to do so. You are welcome to dispute the deletion at Votes for deletion/Vergo. FreplySpang (talk) 20:40, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Vergo
Since Vergo was already deleted by consensus, I have requested it be speedily deleted as a repost. See WP:CSD. NickelShoe 20:47, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Petris13