text:
Islands in the Net

Islands in the Net is a 1988 science fiction novel by American writer Bruce Sterling. It won the John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel in 1989, and was nominated for both the Hugo and Locus Awards that same year. It offers a view of an early 21st century world, apparently peaceful, with delocalised, networking corporations. The protagonist, swept up in events beyond her control, finds herself in places that are off the net, from a datahaven in Grenada, to a Singapore under terrorist attack, to the poorest and most disaster-struck part of Africa.

In the story, the fictional book The Lawrence Doctrine and Postindustrial Insurgency, named after Lawrence of Arabia, is banned because it deals directly with methods and tactics of an insurgent rebellion.

Plot summary
The action takes place in 2023–2025 in Galveston, Texas; Atlanta, Georgia; Grenada, an island on the northeast coast of South America; Singapore; and Africa. Protagonist Laura Webster, mother of three-month-old Loretta, works as a public relations employee for Rizome, a global corporation of economic democrats. Together with her husband David they run the Lodge, a resort for Rizome workers on the island of Galveston.

The action sets off when Rizome organizes a conference between itself and three data havens - EFT Commerzbank of Luxembourg, The Young Soo Chim Islamic Bank and Grenada United Bank - in the Lodge. After the first day of the conference Winston Stubbs, the Grenadan representative, is assassinated. The organization which admits to killing him calls itself "F.A.C.T." (Free Army of Counter-Terrorism). Rizome decides to send Laura with her husband and baby to Grenada on a diplomatic mission to prove that Rizome had nothing to do with the murder.

While in Grenada, Laura and David learn about its tragic history and the advanced technology flourishing on the island thanks to “mad-doctors” like the American Brian Prentis. Grenada is ruled by one party, the New Millennium Movement, with Prime Minister Eric Louison who uses voodoo tradition as a means of keeping order in the country. Food is plentiful and cheaply produced on one of the huge tankers adapted for factories and housing. Drugs, in the form of a pure synthetic THC, are also cheap and widely accessible. Laura and David manage to escape Grenada after Singapore attacks it. They return to Atlanta and separate. David takes the baby to one of Rizome’s Retreats and Laura sets off to Singapore to continue her mission to improve the world.

In Singapore, Laura witnesses the launching of the first Singaporean space rocket, celebrated by a speech by Singapore’s prime minister and leader of the People’s Innovation Party, Kim Sue Lok. The celebration ends in chaos as the prime minister spits fire and explodes, a victim, as it turns out, of Grenada’s pseudo-voodoo tricks. This event triggers national panic and riots. Grenada invades Singapore in reaction to Singapore’s previous attack. In addition, Singapore’s opposition party Anti-Labour Party tries to use the situation to get into power. The last group to invade Singapore is the Red Cross.

Cut off from the Net, Laura cannot contact her husband or Rizome’s headquarters. Together with other Rizome’s workers in Singapore, she decides to get herself arrested and wait in prison for the end of war. Unfortunately, Laura gets separated from her companions and ends up on the roof of The Young Soo Chim Islamic Bank. From there a chopper takes her and with other survivors of the riots to a cargo ship somewhere in mid-ocean. The ship is bombed by F.A.C.T., and Laura is taken to one of F.A.C.T.’s submarines, where she learns more about the organization. She is then taken by plane to a prison in Bamako, the capital of Mali; F.A.C.T. had taken over the Malian government to provide themselves a military base. After a conversation with the Inspector of Prisons, she finds out that she poses a threat to the organization because they think she knows they have an atomic bomb, which they keep on board of Thermopylae, the submarine she has been kept on.

She spends two years in the prison. When a South African country supported by European authority of the Vienna convention attacks Mali, she is taken in a convoy to the atomic site to be shot on camera as a hostage. She is miraculously freed when the convoy is attacked by a group of Inadin Cultural Revolutionists. Their leader is Jonathan Gresham, an American journalist and radical, who helps Inadin people (also called Tuaregs, the nomadic tribes of the Sahara) fight against any forms of outside interference in their traditional way of life.

Gresham takes Laura to an Azanian relief camp in order to save the life of her convoy companion, Azanian doctor Katje Selous, who was wounded in the action. Outside of the relief camp Gresham records Laura’s statement on all that happened to her and sends it on the Net. Laura and Gresham get romantically involved, but this feeling has no future as she has to go back to the States while Gresham will continue to help Inadins.

Laura arrives at Galveston and takes part in an official Rizome party organized for her. Her husband David had lost hope that she was alive and gotten involved with Emily Donato, her closest friend, and Laura and David’s daughter Loretta is raised by Laura’s mother Margaret. Laura continues to work for Rizome and tries to improve the world by doing so. The last scene in the novel describes Hiroshima being bombed by F.A.C.T. Fortunately, this time the bomb did not explode.

Lawrence’s doctrine
In the fictional world of Islands there exists a book titled The Lawrence Doctrine and Postindustrial Insurgency by Colonel Jonathan Gresham. It is banned by Vienna and widely read in the political underground. It draws on the example of T. E. Lawrence, who during the First World War helped the Arabs, who were fighting the Ottoman Turks. Lawrence convinced them, instead, to block the Ottomans' expansion by destroying their communication lines, which at the time were railway tracks and telegraphs. Although the Arabs were successful in fighting the Turks, they became dependent on the British Empire to provide them with industrial products such as explosives and canned food. Gresham calls the First World War “a proto-Net civil war”. In Sterling's 21st century, the Tuaregs' enemy is the Net. But whereas the Arabs were colonized by the British with industrial products such as guns, cotton, dynamite, and canned food, for Sterling's Tuaregs the necessary products of the Networld are solar power, plastique, and single-cell protein.

Gresham’s book shows a pessimistic view of globalization and its mechanisms. It takes the view that it is impossible for small and economically weaker nations to stay completely independent; global influence will always be present with its positive and negative aspects.

Political order of the world in Islands
In the world of the novel the USA and the Soviet Union are still the world powers. The international political order, which is guarded by the Vienna Convention and uses censorship as a means of keeping the world order, is weak and divided, and to avoid world panic protects the terrorists from F.A.C.T. Countries that grow in power are Grenada, Singapore and Luxembourg, the so-called data havens where data piracy is legitimate. Organizations that feel threatened by the growing influence of havens are Rizome Industries Group, an economic democracy global corporation which suffers losses because of the data piracy and wants to negotiate with the pirates, and the Free Army of Counter-Terrorism (F.A.C.T.) which calls itself “the real world police” and plans to deal with any signs of attacks on “doctrines of national sovereignty”. This is the main reason why F.A.C.T. assassinates Winston Stubbs and bombs the ship on which Laura was sailing with Singaporean pirates.

The novel shows a new phenomenon emerging in the political world. The global organizations start realizing that they no longer need governments to successfully run their affairs; “Let us cut out the middleman,” says a worker for another corporation. The F.A.C.T. seems to be fighting signs of such thinking, while at the same time it is itself a global corporation which took over the government of Mali in order to have its own military base. Africa is still “a mess”. The only problem which has been solved is famine, thanks to "the scop", a single-cell protein. The countries still suffer from poverty and political instability. People die from retroviruses and have no perspectives, and developed countries are not interested in what is going on there.

Hightech inventions

 * The Net
 * Similar to today’s Internet.

 * Electronically enhanced running shoes
 * Used by Laura with indicators of mileage covered by the runner similar to the latest product of the Nike and iPod companies.

 * Electronically enhanced Trash cans
 * On Galveston beach, these move towards the person who calls them. After one puts refuse into them, they respond by saying “Thank you!”

 * Watchphone
 * A device used as a watch, a phone and an organizer.

 * Videoglasses
 * Sunglasses with a video camera. Used by Laura and David on Grenada in conjunction with custom made earphones. Rather heavy and awkward.

 * Scop
 * A single cell protein that is mass produced cheaply in “protein vats swarming with bacteria.”

 * Sticky
 * Michael Thompson/Nesta Stubbs – a man whose digestive system has been modified to contain special bacteria which, after he eats a carton of yogurt, produces drugs turning him into a professional hitman who feels no pain or empathy.

 * Suntan lotion
 * Changes the structure of a person's skin and turns it black. Invented by Brain Prentis; used by David and later mass-produced by Rizome.

 * Romance
 * Red capsules containing hormones similar to those produced naturally by the brain of a person in love; produced by gene-spliced bacteria and used by prostitutes from The Church of Ishtar, a religious organization providing sexual services to men.

 * Synthetic THC
 * Produced legally in Grenada in the form of small paper plasters stuck to the skin and releasing THC, the active substance in marijuana.

Successful predictions

 * The Net as a means of worldwide communication and the omnipresence of computers. B. Sterling: “I think it was a grand success to realize that big, dorky geek computers were going to become incredibly fashionable.”
 * The institution of data havens; there has been an attempt to establish a data haven by HavenCo. The haven was established on the Sealand in the North Sea. “...the Sealand data haven in the North Sea is similar to the data havens described in my 1988 novel Islands in the Net." It's not clear that this has been a successful attempt as Sealand has not successfully established sovereignty.
 * End of the Cold War - though how it ended in the novel is quite different than how it ended in reality.
 * Wearable, personal computers (the watchphone).
 * Assassination by drone.
 * "Drugs, in the form of a pure synthetic THC, are also cheap and widely accessible."
 * The end of apartheid in South Africa, which achieves Black majority rule.

Failed predictions

 * Islands anticipates that the Soviet Union will still be in existence in 2023 - in reality, the USSR was officially dissolved on December 8, 1991, just three years after the book was published.
 * In Islands, communication on the Network relies on one-way messaging: pre-recorded video messages and telex. It misses both the interactive nature of the WWW and effects of Moore's Law on prices. Excerpt, p 16-17: "The Lodge did most of its business as telex, straight print sent by wire ... it was cheapest and simplest... Fax was good for graphics and still photos; the fax machine was essentially a Xerox with a phone ... Rizome favored one-way prerecorded calls because they were more efficient. There was less chance of expensive screwup in a one-way recorded call... Teleconferencing was the expensive borderland where phones blurred into television."
 * South Africa having its name changed to Azania after the fall of apartheid and expanding greatly in size northward.

title: Islands in the Net


text: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Log/2005 April 23

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Log/2005 April 23

April 23

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was rename. --Kbdank71 15:40, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Category:Major league centerfielders --> Category:Major league center fielders
To conform with Category:Major league left fielders, Category:Major league right fielders, and main article center fielder. MisfitToys 22:44, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support move for stated reasons. Deco 01:37, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

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The result of the debate was delete. --Kbdank71 15:40, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Category:Beardy weirdies
Apparently "a beardy weirdy is a person who usually has a long, bushy beard." Presumably some kind of joke category. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 21:48, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Let's avoid insulting peoples' grooming styles on Wikipedia ... --Azkar 21:54, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. I am the author of this category and I did not mean it as an insult. OTOH, if the category is deleted, then the Category:Beardy weirdies links should be removed from all pages in this category.   — J I P | Talk 07:54, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- everything to do with Beardy weirdies. Nonsense. - Longhair | Talk 11:05, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nonsense. hydnjo talk 14:03, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. JIP: Of course we'd remove the category links — I mean, we do that with every category we delete, don't we? Unless you mean you link directly to the category with internal links. Deco 01:27, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * No, I only meant the category links. I was just checking.   — J I P | Talk 05:01, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Because of the implied insult, I have already emptied this category. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 07:09, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep There is nothing wrong with novelty categories. SchmuckyTheCat 20:30, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's empty.  --Kbdank71 18:01, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nonsense.  Postdlf 19:27, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus (keep). --Kbdank71 15:40, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Category:Wikipedia 1.0
Merge with Category:Editorial validation. -- Beland 20:40, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment from creator: Please keep separate. I set up this category specifically as a working tool for the 1.0 effort - it's not part of the Editorial Validation project. Note that it's subcatted in Category:Wikipedia so isn't part of the article-space category tree - David Gerard 18:06, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

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The result of the debate was no consensus (keep). --Kbdank71 15:32, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Category:Quebec CEGEP
Deprecated by Quebec wikipedians' notice board in favor of category:CEGEPs because All articles have been moved. Circeus 19:42, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) the name should be plural, since it will mostly link to independant institutions
 * 2) There is absolutely no need to keep "quebec" in the category name, since the institution is unique to Quebec.
 * Keep. I think Quebec CEGEP is more descriptive than CEGEPs. --Spinboy 03:17, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Categorization "Category names for lists of items should be plural." This cat is not as much topical (the only "topical" articles will probably be CEGEP, SRAM and SRAQ) as a listing, so its name should be plural anyway. Circeus 16:33, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * NOTE: The articles were moved before a vote was taken. Moving them back and deleting the new category.  --Kbdank71 15:32, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus (keep). --Kbdank71 14:56, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Category:Version control systems
Version control system is a redirect to Revision control, I believe the category should follow and be renamed to Category:Revision control. --cesarb 16:14, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename to Category:Revision control systems. The category holds revision control systems, not articles on the topic of revision control.  --Azkar 20:38, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is the most familiar name for these systems. Deco 01:29, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I have never called one "revision control" Google agrees. SchmuckyTheCat 03:05, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The current name is the one I most use and hear others use. There is also an existing VCS called Revision Control System which would lead to confusion if the suggested new name is used. RedWolf 03:43, Apr 30, 2005 (UTC)

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The result of the debate was delete. --Kbdank71 14:56, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Category:Mountains of the Netherlands
Likely to remain empty. Highest point in the Netherlands is the Vaalserberg, 328 meters high; it is a hill not a mountain. Eugene van der Pijll 14:08, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong delete, possible BJAODN as there are no mountains in the Netherlands (trust me, I live there and it's flatter than a tabletop. Even if it's a thousand-feet table top). Radiant_* 09:11, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The WikiProject Mountains general rule is that a country specific category should only exist once 5 or more articles exist on mountains in that country. As pointed out above, this country is unlikely to even get 2. The current lonely article is highly questionable as I wouldn't consider a hill 328m high a mountain. RedWolf 03:37, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)

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Several unneccessary stub categories

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. --Kbdank71 14:56, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Category:Shahnama stubs
An appalling piece of hypercategorisation. there isn't even a Shahnama category, and the subject is quite adequately covered by other stubs. Not created nor wanted by WP:WSS. Template is currently on tfd. Grutness|hello? 11:46, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Circeus 16:35, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)

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The result of the debate was delete. --Kbdank71 14:56, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Category:Security stubs
Created by an anonymous user. Desperately vague, it could cover everything from Yale locks to Spy satellites. Not created nor wanted by WP:WSS. Template is currently on tfd. Grutness|hello? 11:46, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Circeus 16:35, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. --Kbdank71 14:56, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Category:Circus stubs
Completely useless. Currently has three items in it including the template (which is on tfd). The entire Category:Circuses only has about a hundred items. This will never be filled to anywhere nbear a viable level. Oh, and not approved by WP:WSS - it's been nominated here after discussion there. Grutness|hello? 01:26, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I don't see the point of this nomination, as this is a completely harmless facility. I don't see that there is any such thing as a "viable level" Oliver Chettle 03:01, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, stub categories are only useful if they have a large amount of articles to them. See Wikiproject Stub Sorting. Radiant_* 09:12, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Circeus 16:35, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for reasons listed above. RedWolf 03:39, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)

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text: Category:Former federal electoral districts of Quebec


text: User talk:69.115.101.132

title: User talk:69.115.101.132


text:
User:Gmz1023

Hello testing WWW.projectdoom.tk www.marander.tk Hello testing...

title: User:Gmz1023


text:
Jacobi matrix

Jacobi matrix may refer to:
 * Jacobian matrix and determinant of a smooth map between Euclidean spaces or smooth manifolds
 * Jacobi operator (Jacobi matrix), a tridiagonal symmetric matrix appearing in the theory of orthogonal polynomials

title: Jacobi matrix


text:
Nasri Maalouf

Nasri Maalouf (نصري معلوف) (May 7, 1911 – April 2, 2005) was a Lebanese politician. He was a Melkite Greek Catholic, and was known as a moderate and peacemaker in Lebanese politics.

Nasri Maalouf was also a prominent lawyer, who mediated one of his most important cases, the one involving the prosecution of Nizar Halabi's assassination.

Maalouf was born in al-Mashrah, Beirut, in modern-day Lebanon. He was educated in Syria. He was a signer of the Lebanese constitution and the Taif Accord. He was the Minister of Finance from November 1956 to July 1957.

He was a long-time member of parliament from Beirut- first elected in 1968 alongside Michel Sassine- and served in the cabinet several times, including as foreign minister for a few months in 1992, as well as defense minister from 1973 to 1974, and Minister of Justice. Shortly before his death, he was appointed to be a member of a council of elders which supervised parliamentary elections in June 2005.

title: Nasri Maalouf


text:
Amidine

Amidines are organic compounds with the functional group RC(NR)NR2, where the R groups can be the same or different. They are the imine derivatives of amides (RC(O)NR2). The simplest amidine is formamidine, HC(=NH)NH2.

Examples of amidines include:
 * DBU
 * diminazene
 * benzamidine
 * Pentamidine
 * Paranyline

Preparation
A common route to primary amidines is the Pinner reaction. Reaction of the nitrile with alcohol in the presence of acid gives an iminoether. Treatment of the resulting compound with ammonia then completes the conversion to the amidine. Instead of using a Bronsted acid, Lewis acids such as aluminium trichloride promote the direct amination of nitriles. They are also generated by amination of an imidoyl chloride. They are also prepared by the addition of organolithium reagents to diimines, followed by protonation or alkylation.

Dimethylformamide acetal reacts with primary amines to give amidines:
 * Me2NC(H)(OMe)2 + RNH2 → Me2NC=NHR + 2 MeOH

Acid-base chemistry
Amidines are much more basic than amides and are among the strongest uncharged/unionized bases.

Protonation occurs at the sp2-hybridized nitrogen. This occurs because the positive charge can be delocalized onto both nitrogen atoms. The resulting cationic species is known as an amidinium ion and possesses identical C-N bond lengths.

Applications
Several drug or drug candidates feature amidine substituents. Examples include the antiprotozoal Imidocarb, the insecticide amitraz, the anthelmintic tribendimidine, and xylamidine, an antagonist at the 5HT2A receptor.

Formamidinium (see below) may be reacted with a metal halide to form the light-absorbing semiconducting material in perovskite solar cells. Formamidinium (FA) cations or halides may partially or fully replace methylammonium halides in forming perovskite absorber layers in photovoltaic devices.

Nomenclature
Formally, amidines are a class of oxoacids. The oxoacid from which an amidine is derived must be of the form RnE(=O)OH, where R is a substituent. The −OH group is replaced by an −NH2 group and the =O group is replaced by =NR, giving amidines the general structure RnE(=NR)NR2. When the parent oxoacid is a carboxylic acid, the resulting amidine is a carboxamidine or carboximidamide (IUPAC name). Carboxamidines are frequently referred to simply as amidines, as they are the most commonly encountered type of amidine in organic chemistry.

Formamidinium cations

A notable subclass of amidinium ions are the formamidinium cations; which can be represented by the chemical formula. Deprotonation of these gives stable carbenes which can be represented by the chemical formula.

Amidinate salts
An amidinate salt has the general structure M+[RNRCNR]− and can be accessed by reaction of a carbodiimide with an organometallic compound such as methyl lithium. They are used widely as ligands in organometallic complexes.

title: Amidine


text:
User:TDC/Sandpit1

'''FYI, this is not my exclusive sandpit; comments in it that are mine are in bold. This is a replication of one of Chamaeleon's old sandpits that he is desperately tring to hide from everyone. He used to display it quite prominently, but recent attempts have led me to beleive that Chamaeleon is attempting a grand image rebranding for another RfA attempt, and that is why this record is here. I do not know how difficult it will be to wade through the myriad redirects in a few months, and that is another reason why I am keeping this here '''

The Platform is a set of principles around which progressive Wikipedians can form a loose network of mutual aid. For example, a couple of right-wingers can only revert an article a total of four times before violating the three-revert rule. Ten progressives each committing to voting just once can easily overcome this and more. By working together, we can stamp out certain POVs.

Principles of the Platform:

Bad stuff: racism, inequality, profits before people, religion, environmental damage, etc. Good stuff: liberty, knowledge, truth, solidarity, mutual aid, reason, equality, free expression, etc. The "neutral point of view" and "no original research" policies on Wikipedia are often used to silence dissent, but we have to accept them in order for us all to work together, so let's operate in line with them.

All the hiding of content, the refusal to talk in depth on Wiki pages, the threats about revealing emails, and the name change from Chamaeleon to Helpful Dave probably stems from the following

I see some really silly things are being said on the nomination page, lol. Oh well, I'm afraid you will be losing me for a while as a participant, because I'm a bit busy at the moment. I'm also planning on doing a little experiment: it will be interesting to see if they accept a leftie as an admin even if I do everything they say (be nice to everyone, etc). If they still say no in two months, then they'll look really biased. P.S. Isn't it sickening when people pretend to be neutral? Chamaeleon 00:16, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User:TDC/Sandpit1


text:
Cheviot Hills (disambiguation)

The Cheviot Hills are a range of hills in Scotland and England.

Cheviot Hills may also refer to:

 * Cheviot Hills, Los Angeles, a neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, U.S.
 * Cheviot, New Zealand, a town in Canterbury named for the Cheviot Hills Estate
 * Cheviot Hills, Alberta, Canada, a locality in Lac Ste. Anne County
 * Cheviot Hills Military Academy in Culver City, California, U.S.

title: Cheviot Hills (disambiguation)


text:
Anzac Parade, Canberra

Anzac Parade is a significant road and thoroughfare in the Australian capital Canberra, used for ceremonial occasions and the site of many major military memorials.

Named in honour of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) of World War I, Anzac Parade joins Gallipoli Reach of Lake Burley Griffin in the south and the Australian War Memorial to the north. As the main axis between Parliament House and Mount Ainslie, it bisects Constitution Avenue, which forms one side of the Parliamentary Triangle between Civic and Russell Hill.

The Parade is flanked by Victorian blue gum eucalyptus trees on gently sloping banks either side of the three-lane, one-way roads centred by a wide parade ground topped with granulated rock (similar to scoria), with planted boxes of a low bush called Hebe. The eucalypts are Australian; and the hebe comes from New Zealand. The Parade is also flanked by the streets of Anzac Park West and Anzac Park East on either side of Anzac Park.

On Anzac Day (25 April) and other ceremonial occasions, the Parade and adjoining streets may be blocked off to provide a parade route for formed groups of armed services personnel and veterans to proceed either along the central parade ground or the flanking roads. Removable concrete kerbs to facilitate marching along the central parade route are at the cross streets of Parkes Way, Constitution Avenue, Currong Street/Blamey Crescent, and Limestone Avenue/Fairbairn Avenue.

Memorial interpretation
In the manner of interpretation of museum displays, the memorials are accompanied by several forms of signage to assist the passer-by. Each memorial has various plaques or foundation stones that were laid at the time of unveiling. Additionally, interpretative signage in a common format has been provided by the Government of Australia adjacent to each memorial that gives succinct information about the nature and/or the site of the people or group or events leading to the establishment of the memorial.

Situation and history
Anzac Parade is situated on the main axis between Parliament House and Mount Ainslie. It bisects Constitution Avenue, which forms one side of the Parliamentary Triangle between Civic and Russell Hill.

The Parade separates the residential suburbs of Campbell and Reid. The naming is significant:
 * Robert Campbell, Sydney's first merchant, received a grant of land on the Limestone Plains as compensation for the loss of one of his ships on government charter. In 1825 he built a homestead, naming it Duntroon after the Campbell castle in Argyllshire, Scotland. Duntroon House is now part of the Royal Military College, Duntroon.
 * The Right Honourable Sir George Houston Reid (1845–1918) was Australia's fourth Prime Minister who formed a Government in August 1904 and held office until July 1905. A Federalist, and one of the founders of the Australian Constitution, he entered the Australian House of Representatives after having been Premier of New South Wales from 1894 to 1898.

At the corner of Anzac Parade and Constitution Avenue is the historic St John the Baptist Anglican Church, consecrated by the Bishop of Australia, William Broughton, on 12 March 1845, some 80 years before the site of the national capital was decided. Fortuitously, the alignment of the church was such that it seems to have been designed to fit the alignment of the adjoining roads, ordained in the plans by Walter Burley Griffin.

Lighting
The original lighting was designed to be a symbolic "honour guard" and was opened by then Prime Minister, Robert Menzies, on Anzac Day 25 April 1965. The street lighting was updated and officially opened on 26 March 2001 by then Prime Minister of Australia, John Howard. The design is intended to be efficient, and to reduce energy consumption and thus air pollution while also reducing skyglow/light pollution.

Heritage listing
On Anzac Day 25 April 2006 Federal Environment and Heritage Minister Ian Campbell announced that Anzac Parade along with the Australian War Memorial would be added to the National Heritage List.

title: Anzac Parade, Canberra


text:
Talk:Dime (Canadian coin)

Fair use rationale for Image:Cdn-dime-reverse.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 20:31, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Steel
The composition is currently listed at 92% steel, but the alloy is not specified. Steel is not an element, it is an alloy consisting of iron and other elements. L3kn (talk) 18:02, 11 June 2009 (UTC)

Commemorative
I have a coin with the dates 1867-1992, 125 years which seems a bit wierd to commemorate. Anyone know anything about it? Enlil Ninlil (talk) 09:45, 6 June 2010 (UTC)

1867 is seen as the "founding" of Canada (Canadian Confederation) and 125 years was an excuse to celebrate. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.69.34.51 (talk) 03:18, 29 April 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Dime (Canadian coin)


text: User talk:68.105.146.202

title: User talk:68.105.146.202


text:
Upton-by-Chester

Upton-by-Chester is a civil parish and a large suburb on the outskirts of Chester, in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It includes the villages of Upton and Upton Heath.

History
The name Upton is from the Old English upp, meaning up, higher or upon, and tūn, meaning a farmstead or settlement.

Listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Optone and being in the possession of Earl Hugh of Chester, its entry reads:

""In Wilaveston/Wirral Hundred. Upton. Earl Edwin held it.41/2 hides paying tax. Land for 12 ploughs. In lordship 1; 2 ploughmen; 12 villagers and 2 riders with 5 ploughs. Of this land, Hamo holds 2 parts of 1 hide of this manor; Herbert 1⁄2 hide; Mundret 1 hide. In lordship 4 ploughs; 8 ploughmen. 2 villagers and 2 smallholders with 1 plough. Meadow, 1 acre. Value of the whole manor before 1066, 60s; now the Earl’s lordship 45s, his men’s 40s.""

Including the hamlet of Upton Heath, Upton-by-Chester was formerly a township within the parishes of St. Mary on the Hill and St. Oswald, Broxton Hundred.

Upton-by-Chester as we know it today started when the railway was built in the mid-1800s. Gentlemen's country houses were built and provided employment other than traditional rural jobs. Initially ribbon development but then housing estates were built as more people moved out of the overcrowded city. Following the post-World War II building boom there is now little development land left.

A permanent military presence was established with the completion of Dale Barracks in 1938 at nearby Moston.

Landmarks
One building of particular interest is Upton Mill, a five storeyed brick windmill which is a Grade II listed building. Built circa 1775 this was a full working flour mill with outhouses, yard and orchard. The wind sails were removed in the early 1920s when electricity was installed. The mill closed in 1953 and remained uninhabited until 1979 when it was sold and converted as a private residence. Renovation was completed in 1988.

Oakfield Manor and its stable block, now in the grounds of Chester Zoo, are both designated Grade II listed buildings.

Estimated to be over two hundred years old, the last remaining communal water pump in Upton-by-Chester is on Heath Road. The pump was used up to the end of the nineteenth century, but in the early years of World War II was temporarily brought back into use. The well has since been covered over.

Religion
Upton has four churches; one Baptist, one United Reformed Church, one Catholic (St Columba's), and the Anglican Church of the Holy Ascension.

Governance
Upton-by-Chester is within the City of Chester parliamentary constituency.

An electoral ward in the name of Upton exists, within the borough of Cheshire West and Chester. This unitary authority replaced both Chester City Council and Cheshire County Council on 1 April 2009.

Upton-by-Chester is a civil parish, combining with nearby Bache and Moston to form a joint parish council.

Upton-by-Chester is twinned with Arradon.

Demography
The population was 173 in 1801, 555 in 1851, 1,769 in 1901 and increasing significantly to 6,343 by 1951. At the time of the 2001 census it was recorded as 7,806.

According to the 2011 census the population of the civil parish stood at 7,956, whilst the figure for the local government ward was 8,905.

Education
There are four primary schools in Upton-by-Chester; namely Acresfield Academy, Mill View Primary School, Upton Heath Church of England Primary School (formerly known as Upton Manor) and Upton Westlea Primary School. Upton-by-Chester High School is a co-educational state secondary school established in 1968.

Community
The Countess of Chester Hospital is the principal NHS general hospital and accident & emergency department for the city of Chester and the surrounding area.

Chester Zoo opened in 1931 and is now one of the largest zoos in the United Kingdom.

In and around Upton-by-Chester there are several shopping areas, including Bache, Upton-Heath and Weston Grove. In the vicinity there are at least four pubs, including the Race Horse, the Frog, the Mill@Upton (formerly the Egerton Arms Hotel) and The Wheatsheaf Inn.

Other local amenities include a Royal British Legion Club, the Upton-by-Chester Golf Club, a bowling green and a village hall.

Transport
Bache railway station, less than a mile from Upton village centre at Bache, is on the Wirral line of the Merseyrail network. It opened in January 1984, replacing Upton-by-Chester railway station on Liverpool Road.

The Chester to Ellesmere Port section of the A41 trunk road passes through the area, separating the areas of Upton and Upton Heath. Further west is the A5116 (Liverpool Road), which joins the A41 at Moston, immediately to the north of Upton-by-Chester.

Notable people
Labour Party former Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott lived with his parents in Upton after moving from Yorkshire, and married his wife Pauline (nee Tilston) at Church of the Holy Ascension in 1961.

Samantha Dixon, who became the local Labour Member of Parliament for Chester in 2022, lived in Upon-by-Chester in her early life.

The actor Tom Hughes grew up in Upton-by-Chester.

title: Upton-by-Chester


text:
Kayla (Beta Israel)

Kayla is one of the names of the Beta Israel (Ethiopian Jewish) community among their traditional neighbours, after which the Kayla language is named. Yona Bogale claimed that the name stems from the Tigrinya word for artisans, and on the broader sense excommunicated people (as Yeshaq I of Ethiopia has denied the right of inheritance of all non-Christians). Speakers of Agaw languages, such as Qemant citizens, told researchers that Kayla means "one who has not crossed the stream" or "he or they that have not crossed". This refers to the observance of Shabbat rules among Ethiopian Jews, necessitating the avoidance of activities prohibited on Shabbat.

title: Kayla (Beta Israel)


text:
Talk:Francis Townsend

Significance
WhAT ABOUT HiS PART iN ThE NEW dEAL N'D ThE DEPPRESSiON?Falphin 23:16, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Odd Title
While the title of this article, and its short introduction, is proper for a biography, the entire body of the article is actually about the Townsend Plan. Nothing about Townsend's developmental years, career, family, or later life appears anywhere in the article, which should be re-named accordingly. Even Townsend's colleague is not introduced, and is known only by a last name. --Piledhigheranddeeper (talk) 14:57, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree. The solution is to have a separate page on the Townsend Plan. Rjensen (talk) 18:46, 3 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Francis Townsend


text:
Coast Daylight

The Coast Daylight, originally known as the Daylight Limited, was a passenger train on the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) between Los Angeles and San Francisco, California, via SP's Coast Line. It was advertised as the "most beautiful passenger train in the world,"   carrying a particular red, orange, and black color scheme. The train operated from 1937 until 1974, being retained by Amtrak in 1971. Amtrak merged it with the Coast Starlight in 1974.

Southern Pacific
Southern Pacific introduced the Daylight Limited on April 28, 1922. The train operated on a 13-hour schedule between the Third and Townsend Depot in San Francisco and Central Station in Los Angeles, running on Fridays and Saturdays only. In 1922 and 1923, the train ran seasonally, beginning in April and ending in November. Daily operation began in July 1923. The SP shortened the running time to 12 hours for the 1924 season. Until the late 1920s, it made no intermediate stops (except for servicing). Its 12-hour schedule was two hours shorter than any other train on its route.

The streamlined Daylight began on March 21, 1937, pulled by GS-2 steam locomotives on a $9 3/4$-hour schedule. It was the first of the Daylight series that later included the San Joaquin Daylight, Shasta Daylight, Sacramento Daylight, and Sunbeam. Coach fare San Francisco to Los Angeles was $9.47 one way; in 1938 it dropped to $6 to match Santa Fe's Golden Gates.

By June 30, 1939, the streamlined Daylights had carried 268.6 e6mi on 781,141 mi for an average occupancy of 344 passengers. A second train, the Noon Daylight, was introduced on the same route on March 30, 1940; the Coast Daylight became the Morning Daylight. The Noon Daylight was suspended on January 6, 1942, to allow for equipment overhaul. The cut was originally planned to last just several months, but continued due to World War II. The Noon Daylight resumed on April 14, 1946, with timed bus connections serving Santa Cruz and Monterey.

On October 2, 1949, the Noon Daylight was replaced by the overnight Starlight using the same equipment. The Morning Daylight reverted to the Coast Daylight name. The Coast Daylight ran behind steam until January 7, 1955, long after most streamliners had changed to diesel. In 1956 coaches from the Starlight were added to the all-Pullman Lark; the Starlight was discontinued in 1957. Amtrak later revived the name for its Los Angeles to Seattle service known as the Coast Starlight.

A 1966 study by the Stanford Research Institute found that it cost the Southern Pacific $18.41 to transport a passenger on the Coast Daylight between Los Angeles and San Francisco, roughly twice that of air or bus service. Reasons given included the labor-intensiveness of rail service, and the fact that a single consist could make only one trip per day.

Amtrak

Amtrak took over intercity passenger service in the United States on May 1, 1971. The Coast Daylight was retained as an unnamed train, with its northern terminus changed to Oakland, California where it connected with the California Zephyr. Three days per week, it was extended to a San Diego–Seattle train. On November 14, Amtrak extended the Oakland–Los Angeles train to San Diego, renumbered it to #12/13, and renamed it Coast Daylight. The Seattle–San Diego train became the Coast Daylight/Starlight (#11-12) northbound and Coast Starlight/Daylight (#13-14) southbound. Both trains were cut back from San Diego to Los Angeles in April 1972, replaced by a third San Diegan. On June 10, 1973, Amtrak began running the combined Coast Daylight/Starlight daily for the summer months. Positive response led to Amtrak to retain this service, and the Coast Daylight name was dropped on May 19, 1974.

Proposed restoration
Amtrak has worked on plans for resuming Coast Daylight service from San Francisco to Los Angeles since the early 1990s. It may be merged with the existing Pacific Surfliner route, thus extending the line to San Diego. A review of the possibility of service restoration was made on August 14, 2014; the San Luis Obispo Council of Governments (SLOCOG) organized and hosted a meeting between the Los Angeles – San Diego – San Luis Obispo (LOSSAN) Rail Corridor Agency and the Coast Rail Coordinating Council (CRCC), where substantial progress was made toward identifying which specific policy initiatives would be given priority so that restoration of the Coast Daylight service might be effectuated before the end of the decade. A plan by Chicago-based Corridor Capital would involve the use of ex-Santa Fe Hi-Level cars and EMD F59PHI locomotives in a top-and-tail formation.

In 2021, Amtrak released its 15-year expansion vision for new and expanded rail corridors, including service between San Luis Obispo and San Jose. This service would not only follow the Coast Daylight route, but it would also connect to Caltrain services to San Francisco.

Equipment
The heavyweight Daylight Limited debuted in 1922 with five 72-seat coaches and a dining car. American Car and Foundry delivered new 90-seat coaches in 1923; the Southern Pacific also added a 32-seat parlor-observation car. 4-6-2 "Pacific" steam locomotives hauled the train up and down the coast. 4-8-2 "Mountain" locomotives displaced the Pacifics in the early 1930s. The Southern Pacific removed the observation cars in 1931.

Pullman-Standard delivered two complete sets of equipment (consists) for the 1937 Coast Daylight. Each consisted of a 44-seat baggage-coach; a 48-seat coach; three pairs of articulated coaches, with 50 seats in each of the six coaches; a lunch counter-tavern car, a dining car, a 29-seat parlor car; and a 23-seat parlor-observation car. Each consist cost $1 million (equivalent to $ in adjusted for inflation), the most expensive passenger trains built in the United States to date.

In the articulated coaches restrooms were split, with the men's restroom in the odd-numbered car and the women's restroom in the even-numbered car. Seating was 2×2, with a center aisle down the middle. Luggage storage was located adjacent to the vestibule. The coffee shop-tavern had two seating areas. At one end of the car was the coffee shop, with 24 individual stools arrayed around a counter. At the other end was the tavern, with booth seating for 18. Between the two areas was a kitchen. The dining car could seat 40 patrons at 10 tables. The parlor-observation car seated 10 in the rear, rounded-off observation area and a further 23 in the adjoining parlor section.

Prior to the full reequipping in 1940 the Southern Pacific made several changes to augment capacity. In 1938 it replaced the coffee shop-tavern cars with individual tavern and coffee shop cars. The original cars were rebuilt as full taverns and assigned to the Los Angeles–New Orleans Argonaut. The following year the Southern Pacific swapped the individual 48-seat coaches with an additional articulated coach pair from the Houston–Dallas Sunbeam.

The 1937–1939 equipment ran as the Noon Daylight with the inauguration of the Morning Daylight in 1940. For the Morning Daylight, the Southern Pacific ordered two new sets of equipment from Pullman-Standard. These included a 44-seat coach-baggage car; three pairs of articulated coaches, with 46 seats in each of the six coaches; a triple-unit coffee shop-kitchen-dining car; a 44-seat coach; a tavern car; a 27-seat parlor car; and a 22-seat parlor-observation car.

The Morning Daylight would be completely reequipped just a year later. The 1940 baggage-coach, tavern, and parlor were retained. It was assigned new articulated coach pairs (with the number increased from three to four), triple-unit coffee shop-kitchen-dining car, 44-seat coach, and parlor-observation car. Effectively it was the same train as in 1940, but a year newer, with an additional articulated coach. The Noon Daylight mixed old and new equipment:

 * the baggage-coaches from the 1937 train
 * the articulated coaches from the 1940 Morning Daylight
 * the triple-unit coffee shop-kitchen-dining cars from the 1940 Morning Daylight
 * a new articulated coach pair, seating 46 like all the others
 * the 44-seat coach from the 1940 Morning Daylight
 * the parlor car from the 1937 train
 * the parlor-observation car from the 1940 Morning Daylight

With the discontinuance of the Noon Daylight in 1949 its cars were reassigned to the San Joaquin Daylight and Starlight. The Coast Daylight gained new 48-seat coaches from Pullman-Standard in 1954, three per train.

Dining cars were eliminated in the 1960s, replaced by Automat cars that offered food from vending machines instead of made-to-order meals in the dining cars, cutting the cost of the train's dining crew.

Locomotives
Two Coast Daylight locomotives survive: Southern Pacific 4449, a GS-4 steam locomotive which was a Bicentennial American Freedom Train engine in 1975–76, and Southern Pacific 6051, an EMD E9 diesel locomotive.

 * Steam Locomotives

 * Diesel Locomotives

title: Coast Daylight


text:
User talk:Renatovwbach~enwiki

Jacobus van Wilpe, artista plástico holandês,1905-1986. Nasceu em 26 de janeiro de 1905, em Haia, Holanda. Segundo filho do casal Jan Hendrik van Wilpe e Helena Kranendonk van Wilpe, que mantinham um açougue bem movimentado em frente ao quartel da Frederikstraat, em Haia. Com o advento da Primeira Grande guerra, o bloqueio alemão à neutra Holanda derrubou a economia local e tornou as coisas muito difíceis para a família, que em 1920 emigrou para o Brasil, em busca de horizontes mais promissores de trabalho para seus (então) seis filhos. Tinham parentes em Castro, no estado do Paraná, que os incentivaram muito, contando maravilhas de uma terra ainda inexplorada, onde estavam estabelecendo uma colônia. Os van Wilpe foram a 7ª família a se estabelecer na Colônia Carambehy (hoje município de Carambeí). Freqüentando desde criança os museus de Haia, dono de uma vasta cultura geral já aos 15 anos, graças aos estudos ginasiais que fizera na Holanda e a um vivo interesse por quase tudo que dissesse respeito ao ser humano, poliglota (falava alemão com fluência, expressava-se bem em francês e inglês, conhecia rudimentos de latim), com conhecimentos limitados porém sólidos de literatura e poesia (lera toda a Bíblia protestante, conhecia os clássicos); Jacobus já pintava na Holanda. Seu primeiro trabalho foi uma aquarela em um cartão-postal, enviada para um tio doente no hospital, que a remeteu de volta dizendo ser "boa demais para não ficar no acervo do artista". No Brasil, devido às dificuldades que a vida trazia aos pioneiros, o trabalho como lavrador e pecuarista na chácara que os van Wilpe compraram ao chegar era o que o esperava. A inexperiência do pai, aliada à tenra idade dos filhos, fez com que Jacobus desde muito cedo fosse obrigado pelas circunstâncias a buscar emprego, o que o levou a trabalhar em outras terras, em um matadouro de gado, em turmas que abriam estradas de rodagem e ferrovias, até finalmente estabelecer-se em Castro em 1928, como mecânico de carros. Na cidade, voltou a pintar, com óleos importados a duras penas por sua mãe Helena, que para incentivá-lo sem ferir seu orgulho, "trocava" as tintas pelos quadros já prontos. Faria muitos cartazes para circos itinerantes e para o cinema, em troca de ingresso grátis, durante toda a década seguinte. Em 1930 vai à Curitiba, por influência do cunhado Kurt Boiger, artista plástico já estabelecido na capital, para ter aulas com o conhecido pintor e nativista Lange de Morretes. Após quase um mês de aulas, a proposta: Lange iria a São Paulo, tentar a sorte, e gostaria de levar o aluno junto. Jacobus disse não, ficou ainda umas semanas na capital e resolveu voltar a ser mecânico em Castro. São desta época seus primeiros trabalhos com naturezas-mortas, ainda muito influenciadas pelo que vira na Holanda. A década de trabalho duro rendeu frutos, e a década de 40 o encontra abrindo uma serraria, em sociedade com outro cunhado (Oswin Schwarz), trabalho que o possibilitou comprar, em 1948, a Fazenda Pitangui, em Ponta Grossa, a maior cidade da região dos Campos Geares. Nos anos 40, sua pintura toma forma ao deparar-se com a possibilidade de pintar a natureza exuberante da região, nas horas de folga, muitas vezes dentro dos próprios domínios, por onde passava o Rio Pitangui. Crescem os contatos com os pintores curitibanos do círculo de amizades do cunhado Kurt, como Freyesleben, Nísio e Traple. Em 1948 casa-se com Ilse Kindler, curitibana filha de alemães que freqüentava a casa da irmã de Jacobus, Helena Boiger, cujo marido passou alguns anos preso na Ilha Grande, durante a guerra, acusado de nazismo pelo governo Vargas. Construiu a casa grande da fazenda para a noiva, sozinho, enquanto corriam os proclamas. Waldemar Kurt Radovanovic Freyesleben passaria a ser o melhor amigo, indo com Kurt para a fazenda amiúde para pintar e confraternizar. Sua técnica refina-se, fazem apostas entre si para ver quem pintaria melhor o mesmo quadro, e naturezas-mortas e retratos em duplicata ou triplicata, cada um realizado por um dos artistas na mesma ocasião, se sucedem, com a ajuda paciente das modelos (a mãe Helena, as esposas Ilse e Helena, e a pequena Karin Helena que chegara para o casal em 6 de fevereiro de 1950). Karin é a preferida de Freyes, que escreveria cartas carinhosas para a família até sua morte, em 1969. Durante os anos 50, 60 e 70, sua coleção de trabalhos se avoluma, mas nada faz Jacobus tomar a decisão de estabelecer uma carreira artística, apesar da verdadeira "guerra" travada pelos companheiros mais próximos. Trabalha muito, cria gado, sente-se responsável por dar um futuro mais digno à filha, é tomado pela modéstia e pela autocrítica exacerbadas, e poucas vezes somente, expõe em coletivas em Ponta Grossa e Curitiba. Dá muitos quadros de presente para parentes e amigos, presentes de casamento quando a situação era difícil. Nos anos 60, um quadro de Freyes que retrata Jacobus trabalhando na lavoura (jocosamente chamado por ele de "O Batateiro"), é Prêmio de Aquisição do Club Concórdia, em Curitiba, onde está até hoje em exposição no saguão superior. Em 1962, um quadro de Jacobus intitulado "Acácia Mimosa", uma natureza-morta retratando a flor em um vaso, ganha Menção Honrosa no Salão Paranaense. Nos anos 70 e 80, limita-se a expor em coletivas ("quem não quer vender, não pode fazer uma individual. Seria muito egocentrismo, vontade de aparecer"), deixa de pintar em contato com a natureza pois a saúde já não o permite mais, e passa a fazer naturezas-mortas em casa, a fazer cópias de quadros seus que havia dado a parentes, algumas (poucas) cópias de clássicos holandeses para a filha. Sua técnica evolui, desembocando num "micropontilhismo" que beira o neo-impressionismo, detalhista e sóbrio, porém luminoso como os Campos Geraes do Paraná, terra que ele tanto amou. Costumava citar Saint-Hilaire, sábio francês que primeiro andou por ali, que considerava esses campos o lugar mais bonito do mundo. Escreve suas memórias ("Holandeses no Brasil - Uma Consideração Histórica"), publicadas na Holanda em uma edição pessoal do primo (e amigo de toda a vida) Hermen Kranendonk, que as revisou e datilografou pessoalmente como um presente-surpresa que Jacobus nunca chegou a ver. O livro viajava, da Holanda em que ele nunca voltou a pisar, ao Brasil onde a morte o levou em 19 de fevereiro de 1986. (texto: Renato van Wilpe Bach, site oficial de Jacobus van Wilpe, --Renatovwbach 23:16, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

O Grupo da Chácara Pitangui
O Grupo da Chácara Pitangui Pintar cada vez melhor. Utilizar a palheta não como instrumento de revolução estética, mas como instrumento de bom gosto. Encarar a tela a ser pintada com o mesmo respeito com que o músico erudito aborda um tema clássico: buscando a si prórpio na interpretação daquelas notas escritas por outrem. Na música clássica, o risco e a aventura estão na transformação do instrumentista, de mero repetidor, em meio através do qual a arte fluirá, não sem sua própria interferência. Disciplina e estudo são imprescindíveis para que, através de uma técnica apurada, o artista torne-se livre para interpretar. A artista plástica Tamie Ohtake disse certa vez, em uma entrevista à TV, palavras que poderiam ter saído da boca de Jacobus van Wilpe: eram para ele como um leit-motiv: o pintor, para ser moderno, não pode abrir mão do aprendizado das bases técnicas da pintura (desenho, composição, harmonia, uso de tintas e pigmento, etc) e de suas linguagens. Só com o pleno domínio destas será possível criar o novo e o pessoal. Como Picasso, que primeiro dominou todas as técnicas, para só depois subvertê-las. Para Jacobus e seu grupo de amigos-mestres (Traple, Boiger, Freyesleben), a pintura seria obviamente figurativa, e não lhes passava na cabeça poder ser diferente. Eram músicos de concerto. Sua partitura era a realidade que os cercava – expressa nos expressivos rostos brasileiros e imigrantes do retratos de Boiger, Traple e Freyesleben, nas naturezas-mortas e paisagens de Jacobus, Boiger e Freyes, com seus pinheiros e campos singulares, as flores típicas da região, o interior das casas. Como desprezar o figuratico onde a beleza natural abunda, selvagem, inexplorada? O caso da Acácia Mimosa é exemplar. Freys chegou de visita à Chácara Pitangui e encontrou Koe envolvido com a arrumação de uma mesinha que seria o ‘modelo’ para uma natureza-morta. No vaso, um ramo de acácias, as minúsculas e muito perfumadas florezinhas, que, uma vez colhidas, duram poucas horas no vaso sem perder o viço. Freyes duvidou que Jacobus pudesse pintá-las, e ficou para acompanhar a empreitada. É preciso explicar que Koe era o mais lento do grupo. Seu processo de criação diferenciava-se dos demais, que impetuosamente davam um trabalho por terminado em poucas horas. Koe levava dias. Fazia um esboço a lápis sobre a tela, que o daria precisão milimétrica em tremos de perspectiva e precisão, mas o deuixava com um inexplicável sentimento de inferioridade: “Não é assim que se deve fazer, deve-se pintar direto sobre a tela, mas é assim que eu sei fazer...” Depois aplicava um fundo (seus belíssimos céus, por exemplo, ganham por isso a alma alaranjada dos céus paranaenses), e só então cobria, pacientemente, cada objeto retratado com pinceladas pequenas, pontos de tinta a óleo meticulosamente preparados e misturados para obter o efeito desejado. Quando saíam a campo para pintar – e adoravam fazer isso nos recantos onde nascia o Rio Pitangui, dentro da propriedade – Koe traria um esboço do quadro, um início que completari de memória ao longo de dias ou semanas, voltando ao local às vezes. Os outros trariam quase sempre um quadro pronto. Com a Acácia não foi diferente. Sua esposa Ilse ajudava, trazendo novos ramos todos os dias, colocando-os no vaso, preparando um chá ou um café para alimentar a jornada. Freyes exasperava-se. Não entendia como Jacobus consguia pintar com tanta firmeza depois de um dia inteiro de trabalho braçal (acordar às 4, tirar o leite, cuidar do gado, realizar pequenos consertos, etc). Sentavam-se ali mais ou emnos às 3 da tarde e Freys pedia pinceladas mais fortes, mais decididas. Mas Koe não tinha pressa. As dificuldades foram muitas. Os buqûes murchavam, e quando trocados, eram completamente diferentes do anterior. Às vezes Koe pedia a ilse para troá-los de novo e de novo, num mesmo dia. Por fim, já pintava as acácias de sua mente, guardadas no mosaico de sua memória prodigiosa. O resto é história. O quadro rendeu seu único prêmio em vida – Menção Honrosa no Salão Paranaense de 1962 – e a admiração eterna do amigo Freyesleben. Que também viria a pintá-las algumas vezes, procurando a perfeição que, confessava, só Koe havia atingido. Uma de suas Acácias está, como a de Jacobus, no acervo da Família van Wilpe em Ponta Grossa. Esta busca de uma representação do real não os impedia de cruzar as barreiras do academicismo. Cada um dos curitibanos – Traple, Freyesleben e Boiger – pendiam ora para pinceladas rápidas, toscas, de uma pintura “semi-automática”, ora para um requinte de delicadezas e detalhes que os aproximava dos mestres holandeses (influências maiores nos retratos e naturezas-mortas do grupo) e dos impressionistas (influências maiores nas paisagens de Jacobus e Freyesleben). Não ficaram alheios à aventura do Século XX. A distância dos grandes centros tornou-os um tanto avessos ao Modernismo, mas não impediu uma aproximação estética com o trabalho de contemporâneos seus como os pintores do Grupo Santa Helena, ou Ismael Nery, que mesmo radicados em São Paulo, fizeram um trabalho bastante diverso dos modernistas, influenciados também pela idéia impressionista de ir ao campo pintar in loco. As diferenças políticas, suas diferentes histórias de vida (nas quais o único ponto em comum talvez tenha sido a imigração ao Brasil), suas divergências filosóficas quanto ao papel da Arte e do Artista, não impediram aos quatro (Traple, Boiger, Freyes e Koe) travarem um diálogo de décadas, que refinaria suas técnicas através da troca de experiências, influenciá-los-ia mutuamente e os tornaria melhores pintores. Num século em que a latrina de Duchamps transformou qualquer coisa em “Arte”, bastando para isso que dela se diga que o é, em que a estrada da desconstrução das imagens, dos objetos, dos sons, e das palavras nos leva a um beco sem saída tão irracional quanto incensado pelos chamados “críticos de arte”, talvez o grupo da Chácara Pitangui possa sere visto como ingênuo ou ultrapassado. Talvez os herdeiros de Kurt Boiger, Estanislau Traple e Curt Freyesleben – artistas consagrados em Curitiba, em seu tempo – possam achar ousado da parte de um herdeiro do (quase) desconhecido Jacobus van Wilpe englobé-los sob uma alcunha que remete à pequena gleba de terra de meu avô. Mas creio sinceramente, porque cresci ouvindo suas histórias, que foi ali que estes senhores viveram alguns dos seus momentos mais felizes, e alcançaram a maturidade filosófica que os permitiu expressar plenamente suas personalidades como artistas.      []

Waldemar Curt Radovanovic Freyesleben
Waldemar Curt Radovanovic Freyesleben Waldemar Curt Radovanovic Freyesleben foi um dos maiores pintores “brasileiros” do Século XX. Aluno de Alfredo Andersen (o “Pai” da Pintura Paranaense), contemporâneo/amigo de Traple, Nísio, Lange de Morretes, Kurt Boiger, De Bona e Poty. Brilhante no terreno das idéias, erudito sem ser arrogante, dotado de um enorme talento para a pintura, que não deixou de sempre desenvolver-se em direção à inalcançável perfeição. Dono de uma verve que não poucas vezes o deixou em maus lençóis, sincero, teimoso, obstinado, divertido, excitando sempre aos outros com sua fé na Vida e na Arte. Viveu ambas, Vida e Arte, com maiúsculas, deixando nos que o conheceram marcas indeléveis. Jacobus van Wilpe foi um dos maiores amigos, quiçá o maior. Um estrangeiro que, como ele, amara e adotara aquele rincão do Sul do Brasil como seu; devotado à Pintura apenas pelo prazer e pelo amor à Arte, erudito que combinava as (boas) qualidades de camponês, a simplicidade da gente da terra que Freyes (como era chamado pelo amigo Jacobus) não encontrava entre os “profissionais das artes”. A chácara em Ponta Grossa, verdadeira fazenda de 100 alqueires de terra, que na época ainda contava com extensas áreas de mato virgem (os “capões de mato”), entremeadas de riozinhos preguiçosos e gelados, tornar-se-ia o refúgio não só do Freyes, mas também de outros amigos curitibanos: pintores como Kurt Boiger e Estanislau Traple, médicos como o Dr. Dante Romanó, empresários como Leopold Kellerman, que iam freqüentemente para lá pescar, nadar, divertir-se, filosofar e pintar a Natureza in loco. Os quadros pintados na chácara foram muitos; a amizade, durou décadas; as influências, recíprocas; e o grupo, centralizado no quarteto Boiger-Jacobus-Traple-Freyes, que caminhou junto tanto tempo, marcou a Pintura Paranaense da época com um trabalho vibrante. Ano passado comemoraram-se os 100 anos de Kurt Freyesleben com uma exposição em Curitiba. Esperamos que seja o início do resgate de uma época de ouro da Pintura Paranaense. Museu Alfredo Andersen Freyesleben

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Talk:Ceteris paribus

Pronunciation
Q: how to pronunciate Ceteris ? R: in classical Latin, something like kehtehriss, with the stress on the first syllable; but nobody will notice if you say seh instead of keh; Encarta Dictionary says the best options (for English-speakers!) is [káytEriss pááribEs, séttEriss párrEbEss], where E sounds like a in about or i in edible. Velho 00:28, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Translation
I changed the literal translation, since ceteris paribus is in the ablative (that's the with) and the verb for to be (esse) is often omitted in Latin. Velho 00:33, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

How will be transfered this term Kaur.rash (talk) 08:44, 13 November 2016 (UTC)

How to Decline the Adjective par
The Latin adjective par (meaning "equal") observes the usual rules for Latin's third declension. It is a typical Latin adjective. The masculine and feminine forms look alike (omitting the vocative and locative forms, being as how they were historically absorbed into the history of the nominatives and genitive cases).

The adjective is declined as follows:

Singular  Masculine/Feminine    Singular Neuter Nominative    par               par Genitive      paris             paris Dative        pari              pari Accusative    parem             par Ablative      pare              pare

Plural    Masculine/Feminine    Plural Neuter Nominative    pares             paria Genitive      parium            parium Dative        paribus           paribus Accusative    pares             paria Ablative      paribus           paribus

The neuter forms of the Latin adjective par are declined exactly like the masculine and feminine forms but for the accusatives looking like the nominatives, and having the nominative form - in other words, par in the singular and paria in the plural.

Inter Alia and Ceteris Paribus
Inter alia is Latin for "among other things." Both alia and paribus have similar meanings, but paribus takes the ablative form because it goes with the adjective ceteris and forms an "ablative absolute" - a Latin construction that sets itself off from the rest of the sentence inasmuch as it functions like an independent clause, nearly a sentence unto itself. In the phrase inter alia, alia is a neuter plural also, but it takes the form it does because it is a first declension adjective instead of a third declension adjective, and the preposition inter demands an accusative in the nouns or adjectives that follow it. You could switch the adjectives around to say inter paria or ceteris aliis and arrive at similar meanings. (Respectively, among equals, and the rest of the others.

---

This notion is put to great use in Nancy Cartwright's 'How the Laws of Physics Lie' (Oxford University Press, 1983).

Rosa Lichtenstein

13/05/06

http://www.anti-dialectics.org

Leap year example
I don't much like the leap year example (no offence intended to the author of the paragraph), as I don't feel that really is what CP is about. February can either be a leap year or not - saying 'all other things held constant' doesn't really eliminate the possibility of it being a leap year, it's just a matter of probability really (about 1:4 chance), so I don't think this gives an accurate description of what CP really is. What I would suggest would be outside of CP here is perhaps the possibility of the earth speeding up suddenly and rotating twice as fast - though this is hardly an ideal example either as the definition of a day may well remain the same in this case (and just become shorter). But say the number of days in February did change in an unexpected way, that would be the situation you are trying to eliminate with CP. Leap years are something we know about and can predict, so I'd suggest we use a better example for this part. Here's the paragraph below. Richard001 07:55, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

''I say "If the current month is February — ceteris paribus — then it will last only 28 days," then the ceteris paribus clause is added in order to exclude the possibility that it is a leap year. Since there is a fixed set of rules that define whether or not the present year is a leap year, one could (in principle) eliminate the ceteris paribus clause from the analysis by rephrasing the sentence to "If the current month is February, and the current year is not evenly divisible by 4, then it will last only 28 days." (Actually the rules for determining a leap year are more complex than that; but there is a finite number of rules, and you could in principle include them all in the sentence.)''

I think the leap year example demonstrates the uselessness of the concept as a whole. How exactly is this different than saying "cutting the price of beef increases quantity demanded for beef ceteris paribus"? It isn't any different - in both cases you are trying to tell what usually happens wihout citing every condition that must be true for the same result to occur.

But how can you tell if a given february is a case of "ceteris paribus" or not if you don't even know what it is that has to be the same because it wasn't directly adressed?

Uselessness of the concept
This concept is utterly useless for the following reasons.

1 - Generality problem of induction

Since the entire state of the univers is not the same, and it isn't occuring at the same point in space/time, it is never true that all else is equal.

2 -

Even if you limit what is equal to only what will effect the outcome, the concept is still useless because you have to know what that is, which of course usually you don't.

3 -

Even if it's a case where you do know everything that could affect the outcome,(such as a human defined concept like the feburary example having 28 days unless it is a leap year) then you still need to have a way to recognize when the current situation is a case of all else being the same as before or not. For example if you came across a feburary, in order to use the statement "feburary has 28 days ceteris paribus" to determine that the encountered february has 28 days, you would have to know what has to be the same for the statement to apply. Which means you have to know that it isn't leap year, which defeats the whole purpose of ceteris paribus.

Real life experience seems to drive people to believe this concept is meaningful, but to counter this consider the following example.

You are in a football field and coach says throwing the ball will cause it to fly down field. Consider the 3 following occurences.

1. If you run up and block the ball when he throws it, then he says "well of course it won't fly down the field if you block it, I meant if noone blocked it". In this case both you and the coach knew ahead of time that blocking the ball would invalidate his claim, so it is pointless for him to say "ceteris paribus" as it excludes no scenario that you did not already know would effect the outcome.

2. The coach throws the ball, but the wind is so strong that the ball doesn't go anywhere. The coach stands there dumbfounded. The coach did not realize the wind could invalidate his claim. Therefore his claim was based on ignorance, and a statement of "ceteris paribus" communicates nothing in this case either as it cannot communicate the exclusion of something the coach did not even know about when he said it.

3. The coach pulls out a lead football that looks like a normal one and throws it. You did not know the football was made out of lead as you cannot tell by looking out it. "ceteris paribus" also does not allow you to rule out this scenario, as you cannot tell the difference between this and any other time the coach throws the football to know if "all else is equal".

4.  The coach, being experienced in the ways of football, happens to know that on days of the week with a m in the name, footballs don't fly down the field when thrown. The coach might say the ball will fly down the field when thrown "ceteris paribus" and know that it being monday is one of the things that would make things different. However since you do not know that it being monday makes a difference, the statement still does not communicate anything you can use to determine the outcome.

Someone please feel free to give an example where this concept is not useless?

 * You have completely misused the term and your own example would suffice if you used it properly. It would be as if the coach says “As Jimmy throws the ball closer to the 45 degree angle with the field, he is able to throw the ball farther down the field, ceteris paribus.”  He is passing information on to someone, asking them to take into account the fact that this is not a full explanation of cause and effect (wind, how hard he threw it, whether the ball is made of lead, etc., also play a strong role in the outcome), and yet it is information that is true and worth noting.  In other words, the angle may NEVER correspond with the distance during a particular game because of various other factors, but the original statement would still be valid and worth noting.70.144.90.132 (talk) 20:33, 25 September 2008 (UTC)

Comment: I think you are systematically misunderstanding the concept behind Ceteris clauses. The usage and purpose is not to claim that all things are actually equal but rather to

(a) Nod towards the concept that all things are conditionally held and may depend on unidentified factors (b) Proclaim certain factors that are explicitly named in a ceteris clause to an argument (c) Invoke generally accepted unproven/unprovable axioms (d) Assert in an explicit ceteris clause specific assumptions or even contrafactuals in order to play out a logical argument

Without the vehicle of the ceteris clause, no argument using mathematics or logic is possible. For example, the preceding sentence relies on certain Aristotelian axioms of logic that are not provable but on which such a sentence depends for coherence.

Even the most basic axioms of Identity and Non-Identity are not provable but are necessary for any logical construct to be formed. Thus invoking any logical claim implicitly declares a ceteris clause containing the assumption that all the standard rules of logic will be held to be true.

In the case of Popper’s falsifiability, the ceteris clause is that we accept for arguments sake that a critical test failed due to a weakness in the theory and not because of some equipment malfunction, act of God, or other force as yet unknown to science.

An ungrounded or instrumentalist theory in science may also be launched with an appropriate set of assumptions that may be declared overtly in a ceteris clause, or if the audience is thought to already understand the ceteris clause, not announced at all.

Without the ceteris clause much of science, mathematics, and logic will cease to be usable.

Regards Matthew Loxton pentaetn@hotmail.com

Usefulness of the concept
I don't see this term as useless at all. To give an example:

Imagine you have programmed a computer to play poker and are now describing it's style of play. You have ranked all starting hands from best to worst and now you make the statement: "The better a hand my program has, the higher a share of it's stack will it bet initially". In this case it makes a huge difference whether you say ceteris paribus. If you DO add ceteris paribus the program can include other factors than hand rank, such as position on the table, history of other players' actions, stack size, blind size etc, and these factors will be strong enough to override the rank-bet factor. If you DON'T add ceteris paribus, then your program will either a) deterministically base it's betting value on the rank of it's hand alone or b) give other factors so little weight that they cannot prevent a higher rank from making the bet moving upwards (but perhaps make it move upwards less than it otherwise would have).

Of course this example works within a specified framework with it's own fixed rules (poker rules) and institutions (functioning computers and electrical supply). Unfix these and there will of course ALWAYS be a ceteris paribus needed just in case of that apocalyptic meteor strike which wipes out humans and computer programs alike. But within given implicit or explicit frameworks, ceteris paribus, can make real qualitative difference.

- Eagersnap 18/10/06

The usefulness or not of the concept is irrelevant to the article. It is your opinion but WTF cares? It believe that the idea of God idiotic but I have no interest in putting this opinion into the page talk of a wikipedia article on the Christian God. The most widely known critique of a concept do belong in the criticism section of a page - the talk page should discuss whether any criticism is widely known or not and fairly presented or not. The actual validity of a concept really isn't a subject for discussion HERE, since an encyclopedia is a summary of existing human knowledge, not a forum for perfecting that knowledge.

Also, there is not justification in the talk section or the history for the deputed tags on this apparently quite fine article. I am removing them. Add them back with comment if you want.

- RedHughs 7/29/07

Quality rating
I rated this article as "Start" class, only because of the poor section on the use of ceteris paribus in philosophy. The sections relating to the use of this term in economics are reasonably good, in my opinion. I am not qualified to rewrite the philosophical section — are there any philosophers out there who could give it go? —Aetheling 16:44, 26 August 2007 (UTC)

Cereris paribus fallacy
I have seen a reference [1] to the cereris parabus fallacy that should probably be defined here. Presumably it means assuming all other things are equal when actually they aren't.

[1] http://www.google.com/buzz/114134834346472219368/M7qWtHmuXqC/Mathematicians-like-to-describe-geometric-spaces —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.130.212.212 (talk) 20:43, 16 October 2010 (UTC)

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Je te réponds sur ma page, mais en Anglais, etant donné que d'autres utilisateurs étaient impliqués dans la question. Schutz 22:08, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

The Wikipedia Signpost -- Report from the French Wikipedia
Hi,

It's really fantastic that you volunteered to be the author of the French Wikipedia Report for The Signpost. Thanks a lot.

Please consider moving it to a more stable place → Wikipedia Signpost/2006-08-07/Interwiki report at some stage.

I'll add you to the list of authors in the table -- see User:Treebark/Table. OK ?

Can you manage to have the report ready for the August 7th issue ?

Best regards, Kpjas 05:28, 2 August 2006 (UTC)
 * ok Pyb 09:42, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

 * We'll need to the report ready by 00:00, August 6, so me and Kpjas can copyedit it. So you might want to start soon. C  a  rm  el  apple

 * Thank you very much. Would you like to cover the French Wikipedia again? It'll go live August 7. C  a  rm  el  apple  23:05, 5 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Thank you too for your corrections. I would be happy to cover the French Wikipedia again ;) Pyb 23:48, 5 August 2006 (UTC)
 * You'd be covering it October 30, 2006. C  a  rm  el  apple  23:53, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

Comments requested on FR interview policy
Wikipedia talk:Wikipedia Signpost/2006-08-07/Interwiki report --  Zanimum 18:23, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

French Wikipedia report
Hi Pyb. Well, I'm starting to plan again, and you requested to write the French Wikipedia report again. Well, as of now, the report needs to be ready by November 5th for the November 6th issue but you have lots of time to opt out. Just letting you know. ForestH2 t/c 13:53, 22 August 2006 (UTC)
 * ok, no problem. User:Pyb 15:19, 22 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Actully it's November 13th. ForestH2  t/h/c 13:56, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

Interwiki report II
Hi,

Thank you for your interest in part II of the French Interwiki Report. I suppose this has not been finally decided yet. Please see: this. Kpjas 17:03, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

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Thank you!
I just want to thanks for Lee Chong Wei's photo you uploaded, it is a great illustration. Thanks again! --Aleen f 1 15:48, 22 June 2014 (UTC)

 * Any photo of badminton is welcome. If you can take photo of venue and podium ceremony is even great! Keep your outstanding works! Thanks again. --Aleen f 1 14:07, 23 June 2014 (UTC)

Most national names are ambiguous links
Hello, Pyb. You recently linked to French in the articles Claire Philouze and Léa Roussel. Like many words for nationalities, French is a disambiguation page. The word French refers to France, the French language, and French people, among other meanings. I have changed the links on those pages to the latter page. Happy editing, Cnilep (talk) 02:59, 16 July 2014 (UTC)

Hatnotes
Hallo, I see you've created a lot of new stub articles, some of which have titles with "... (gymnast)", but I don't think you've got it quite right yet about hatnotes. I fixed up the Elizabeths Jacobs: we don't use a hatnote on Elizabeth Jacobs (gymnast) because no-one is likely to get there accidentally wanting the anthropologist, and we show the exact title of the article we're pointing to, as I've now done using the about template, at Elizabeth Jacobs. Looking back at your contributions list I've also fixed May Miller where you hadn't put any hatnote. Please go back and check that all your "disambiguated" gymnasts are findable from the basic name: in some cases it'll be a case of adding an entry to a disambiguation page (either at the basic name or at "... (disambiguation)"), in other cases adding a hatnote. Thanks, and Happy Editing. Pam D  15:51, 20 July 2014 (UTC)

2014 Women's Rugby World Cup
Notable Players: 🏴 Maggie Alphonsi 🇺🇸 Akalaini 'Bui' Baravilala Niamh Briggs, named for Women's Player of the Year 🏴 Rachael Burford 🏴 Rebecca De Filippo Rawinia Everitt Phumeza Gadu 🇪🇸 Patricia García 🇨🇦 Magali Harvey, named for Women's Player of the Year 🇦🇺 Ashleigh Hewson Honey Hireme Zenay Jordaan 🇫🇷 Marion Lièvre 🇫🇷 Safi N'Diaye, named for Women's Player of the Year Soteria Pulumu 🇨🇦 Kelly Russell, named for Women's Player of the Year 🏴 Emily Scarrat 🇰🇿 Anna Yakovleva

Fromage-crowdfunding
Hi, I like your project, and I have two questions: Which license will the photos be released under, and will you only focus on french cheese, or are italian cheeses included? Anyway, enjoy eating the stuff after each session :D --Trickstar (talk) 14:49, 27 November 2014 (UTC)

POTD notification
Hi Paul-Yves,

Just to let you know, the Featured Picture File:Lutte sénégalaise Bercy 2013 - Mame Balla-Pape Mor Lô - 32.jpg is due to make an appearance as Picture of the Day on February 28, 2015. If you get a chance, you can check and improve the caption at Template:POTD/2015-02-28. Thank you for all of your contributions! — Crisco 1492 (talk) 00:50, 10 February 2015 (UTC)

Invitation to discussion
You have been cordially invited to discuss Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Gymnastics following this and this discussions. Thanks for your quick and prompt response. --Osplace 15:44, 26 April 2015 (UTC)

December 2017
Hello, I'm 1997kB. I noticed that you made a change to an article, Louis-Jean-François Lagrenée, but you didn't provide a reliable source. It's been removed and archived in the page history for now, but if you'd like to include a citation and re-add it, please do so! If you need guidance on referencing, please see the referencing for beginners tutorial, or if you think I made a mistake, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you. ─  1997 kB  14:44, 30 December 2017 (UTC)

Books & Bytes – Issue 62
The Wikipedia Library: Books & Bytes

Issue 62, March – April 2024
 * IEEE and Haaretz now available
 * Let's Connect Clinics about The Wikipedia Library
 * Spotlight and Wikipedia Library tips

Read the full newsletter Sent by MediaWiki message delivery on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --11:02, 23 April 2024 (UTC)

Books & Bytes – Issue 63
The Wikipedia Library: Books & Bytes

Issue 63, May – June 2024  Read the full newsletter Sent by MediaWiki message delivery on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --12:16, 18 July 2024 (UTC)
 * One new partner
 * 1Lib1Ref
 * Spotlight: References check

title: User talk:Pyb