text:
Talk:Flashtube

Animated GIF image
The animated GIF is certainly interesting, but having it as the first image at the beginning of the article is pretty off-putting when trying to read the text!

 * Hit escape.--Deglr6328 18:26, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Please do not use animated gifs when not requested. It can be dangerous for health, it can trigger seizures for example. This is no-no. And this particular animated gif is extremely annoying. Animate on request, not stop animating on request.

 * Perhaps you should lock yourself in a closet for the remainder of your life in order to be certain you will not encounter any possible seizure inducing phenomena EVER. Sorry but the entire world is designed around the needs of the 99.999% of the population that does not experience spontaneous seizures at the slightest provocation. Deal with it.--Deglr6328 08:10, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

 * This isn't so much about its seizure-inducing potential as it's about being able to read the text without continually being distracted by a large flashing animation in the peripheral vision. It's a nice image though, so I moved it to the bottom of the article as a compromise. --c3o 12:06, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

Spectrum
Here's a question I wish the article answered:

Why is the light white? or, What is the spectrum of the output?

I would have thought that what you'd get would be a mass of spectral lines, as with a neon sign. So something is definitely different, but what? Current, voltage, gas fill? Is the spectrum a thermal spectrum, a mass of spectral lines that add up to white, or some other spectrum entirely?

What gases can be used? (Well, I suppose that in xenon flash lamps, only xenon, but it seems you can do the same with krypton (except the gas is mighty expensive)). --Andrew 08:57, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * You do get a mass of lines, but the spectrum of xenon just happens to be pretty broad, with strong peaks in (surprise) red, green, and blue. See.

 * A flashlamp sould theoretically be made with any of a number of gases, but xenon just happens to have the "white" result :-).

 * Atlant 12:58, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Atlant is correct, but I will add to the explanation. Quoted from the Perkin-Elmer optoelectronics catalog, "The radiation produced by flashlamps is primarily dependent on current density, and to a lesser extent, on the gas type and pressure". Low current densities produce "spectral line emmision". With xenon, this is usually characterized by a greenish-blue flash, rather than white, (indicating the absence of significant yellow or orange peaks). Xenon has strong peaks in the green, blue, red, UV, and IR portion of the spectrum. Higher current densities produce "continuum emission". Spectral peaks are lower as radiation is produced across the spectrum, with the exception of absorption lines, and is usually centered on the green, which produces the characteristic white light. Current densities that are very high will begin to produce "blackbody radiation", (this is where the arc is so dense it actually begins to absorb some of its own light), and the output color temperature becomes that of a blackbody radiator at 9800 degrees Kelvin, (sort of a sky blue). By carefully balancing voltage and current you can center the output almost anywhere you like. The optimum for output efficency is to pick a voltage/current density that will produce "graybody radiation",(an arc that produces mostly continuum emission, but is still mostly transparant to it's own light), and with xenon, this just happens to be the right combination for white light.

 * Xenon's continuum output is centered in the green, so the flash is primarily white. Krypton is centered in the red, and the flash will typically have a pinkish/white color. Flashlamps which I have constructed using argon show an output centered in the near UV, and the flash appears purplish/white. Neon, believe it or not, is centered in the yellow, and the flash is typically a yellowish-orange/white. Air, mostly nitrogen with some oxygen, produces a bluish/white flash similar in color to any electric spark you've ever seen.

 * Neon sign display spectral emmision only because their current density is extremely low compared to flashlamps.Zaereth (talk) 22:55, 23 October 2008 (UTC)

Minimum operating voltage
An anonymous editor changed the minimum operating voltage from 100 volts up to 250 volts, and someone else reverted them right back.

I agree with the anonymous editor: I've always found flash lamps operating from something like 250 volts and up (using a voltage doubler from mains voltage in the U.S. and a straight rectifier for 230 vac systems). Even battery systems (as in camera flash units) tend to be 300-voltish.

Has anyone seen any real-world units that operate on 100 volts?

Atlant 12:52, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

 * You are probably right. I revert unexplained anon edits TOO easily sometimes.--Deglr6328 22:16, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

Xenon flash lamp in Color Spectropphotometers
Requesting information on the subject matter of Xenon flash lamp for Color spectrophotometer, as employed by GretagMacbeth, DATACOLOR etc.Information requested as under :

1. Technial specifications of Voltage, Wattage, Amperage etc.

2. Source from where to buy.

3. Any information relevent.

 * How about searching THE INTERNET.--Deglr6328 16:18, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

Technical error
The phrase, “a capacitor that is charged to a relatively high voltage” does not make sense. I leave it to someone better versed in electronics to replace it with a phrase that does make sense. -Ahruman 13:49, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

 * What about that phrase doesn't make sense to you? Capacitors in xenon flash lamp systems are charged to "relatively high voltages", namely, 300 volts to low thousands of volts.

 * Atlant 13:53, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

Discharge Lamp?
Discharge lamp redirects here. Wouldn't it be better if it redirected to Gas-discharge lamp? Bryson430 13:29, 2 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Worse, I've realised that there's a Discharge Lamp and a Discharge lamp article. I'll try and sort it out. Bryson430 13:31, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

Operation Section is a bit confusing
I've constructed many flashtubes, and power supplies for them. The section on operation seems to be a bit confusing. The first sentence sounds like it's describing a "Simmer Voltage" type triggering technique, (where the gas is ionized via a constant spark streamer before cuurent is transmitted to the electrodes). The statement "thousands of amperes" is a bit modest; good for small lamps; but more commonly, peak amps can be in the tens-of-thousands to the millions range. The next few sentences seem to be a bit confused themselves, but now apparently describing "external triggering". The last two sentences seem to belong in the "Construction" section. I propose this rewrite as an alternative:

--

The electrodes of the lamp are usually charged with a relaively high voltage, (generally betwwen 250 to 5000 volts), but the gas exhibits extremely high resistance and the lamp will not conduct electricity until the gas is ionized. Once ionized, or triggered, a spark will form between the electrodes, allowing the capacitor voltage to conduct. The sudden surge of amps quickly heats the gas to a plasma state, where electrical resistance becomes very low. There are several methods of triggering. "External Triggering" is the most common method of operation, especially for photographic use. The electrodes are charged to a voltage high enough to respond to triggering, but no higher than the lamp's self-flash threshold. An extremely high voltage pulse, the trigger pulse, is applied directly to, or very near, the glass envelope, usually supplied by a step-up transformer. The short, high voltage pulse creates a capacitor effect, generating an equal but opposite voltage inside the tube. This causes ions to stack up on one or both of the electrodes, forming spark streamers, which propagate at a speed of 1 centimeter in 60 nanoseconds. (A trigger pulse must be have a long enough duration to allow one streamer to reach the opposite electrode, or erratic triggering will result.) The triggering can be enhanced by putting a metal band or reflector onto the glass, or by wrapping a thin wire around the lamp from electrode tip to electode tip. When the spark streamers connect, the full amp load from the capacitor conducts through the lamp, heating the xenon to a high enough temperature for the emmision light. When this current pulse travels through the tube, it ionizes the atoms, causing them to jump to higher energy levels. Within the arc plasma three types of particles exist; electrons, positively ionized atoms, and neutral atoms. The ionized atoms number less than 1%, and accounts for all the emitted light. As they recombine with their lost electrons they immediately drop back to a lower energy state, releasing photons in the process.

"Series Triggering" is more common in high powered, water cooled flash lamps, such as those found in lasers. It is almost identical to external triggering, except series triggering applies the high trigger voltage to the cooling water itself, and often the housing of the unit, so care must be taken when handling these type of systems.

"Simmer Voltage Triggering" is the least common method. In this technique, the capacitor voltage is not initially applied to the electodes, but instead, a high voltage spark streamer is maintained between the electrodes. The high current from the capacitor is delivered to the electrodes using a thyristor or a spark-gap. This type of triggering is used mainly in very fast rise time systems, typically those that discharge in the microsecond regime, such as used in high speed stop-motion photography. If this type of system is not used, the spark streamers will still be in contact with the glass when the full amp load passes through the tube, causing wall ablation. Some microsecond flashlamps are triggered by simply "over-volting", which is by applying a voltage to the electrodes which is much higher than the lamp's self-flash threshold, using a spark gap.

--

I have a photo here that shows why external triggering is a bad idea at very high speeds, but not sure how to upload it here. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Xenon_high_speed_flash_and_external_triggering.jpg#Summary

I think this rewrite gives a better view of different methods of operation. The best book I've ever found on the subject is the Perkin-Elmer catalog, (no, really. It is packed with useful information from the people who invented them, backed up with 12 impecible references of its own), which you can read at http://optoelectronics.perkinelmer.com/content/RelatedLinks/CAT_flash.pdf. Another very good source of information, especially for some simplified math equations, (proper operation will never be achieved without proper math), see Don's Xenon Flash and Strobe webpage at http://members.misty.com/don/xeguide.html#eg. Or read the bible of the industry, "Electronic Flash and Strobe" by Harold Edgerton.Zaereth (talk) 01:10, 17 October 2008 (UTC)

Construction section
The last line in this section is incorrect. Although the low voltage number of 250 is correct, laser lamps often operate at voltages as high as 5000, but rarely higher than 6000, (beyond this voltage gasses begin to ionize without any trigger, ie: self-flash). Some lamps infact do operate well beyond their self-flash threshold, but those systems are rare. The next problem I see in the last line is the phrase "depending on [] the specific gas mixture. Gasses in flashtubes are never mixed for one simple reason. Electricity will pick the path of least resistance. Arc plasma contains less than 1% of ionized particles, which produce 100% of the light. So the electricity will tend to ionize only the atoms that have the lowest electrical resistance. So, if you have a xenon/neon mix, what you really have is a neon flashtube.Zaereth (talk) 00:52, 31 October 2008 (UTC)

Intensity and Duration needs rework
The first paragraph in this section doesn't make much sense. For short pulses the only electrical limit is the total inductance of the system, including that within the capacitor. (For instance, I have a specially made capacitor that will "throw down" in 1.2 microseconds, but after adding the minimal inductance from the leads and flashtube, the fastest flash I could achieve is 3.5us.) Cathode loading is a major consideration, as peak amps rise exponentially as discharge time decreases, but even more of a factor is the amount of energy per square millimeter that the glass can contain. (I've seen these short pulse lamps explode with enough force to stick glass shards into a wall 10 feet away, at only 80 joules, and a sound like a shotgun going off!) Quartz glass, 1mm thick, can usually contain about 200 watts per square centimeter maximum with liquid cooling, but only about 30 watts per cm squared with air cooling, (measuring the inside circumference, times the length between electrodes). Other glasses, much less.

For long pulses, or continuous operation, heating of the glass and electrodes is much more of a wear factor. Too much power loading at the cathode results in "sputter", while too much at the anode, usually combined with wall ablation of the glass, results in oxidization.Zaereth (talk) 18:56, 5 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree with this statement, that it is not only the inductance is the limits the flash duration, it would be the time constant of the LC circuit (including the capacitance of the capacitor). In lower voltage flashes (such as small cameras flashes) the resistance of the plasma in the tube will also have an impact on the duration of the flash (RC time constant, which I think is the reason to your 3.5 us duration). Unless someone have reliable references for the current statement written in the article and in which context it is valid, i suggest to remove that claim. In addition to the electrical limit you also have an afterglow and a delay in the light emission from the gas (the current ionizes the gas, but the light is produced when electrons recombine with the gas, or when they fall down from metastable states, which can take more than several milliseconds for some gases) EV1TE (talk) 13:01, 21 March 2014 (UTC)

 * Resistance plays a big role in efficiency, but a very small role in duration. The circuits are normally very low in resistance to begin with. As pulse duration decreases, capacitance must also be decreased and voltage be increased proportionately, or else the current density gets too high. For microsecond pulses, you're usually looking at voltages in the range 5000 to 100,000 volts or higher (quite often surpassing the self-flash rating of the lamp) and capacitances in the micro or picofarads. Higher voltages not only better overcome the resistance of the metal components of the circuit, but they increase the negative resistance of the gas. making it more conductive than lower voltages would. Therefore, as pulse duration decreases, resistance becomes less of a factor, not more.

 * Ionization, recombination, and reionization is something that happens to individual atoms, not the gas as a whole. At any given time during the pulse, only about 1% of the plasma is ionized. As the ions bump into neutral atoms, they transfer electrons, and the movement of electricity through the gas very much resembles a relay race, where ions and atoms are constantly moving back and forth in very short distances, transferring electrons as they go. Faint light emission begins as soon as the gas ionizes, and gets brighter during the pulse as the plasma gets hotter. Prepulse techniques are often used to overcome the limitations of rise-time.

 * Afterglows (glows that exist after the electrical pulse shuts down) are very short lived, (typically in the range of microseconds, not milliseconds) and much dimmer than the actual pulse, and so are inconsequential for photographic and laser applications. These afterglows exist from ionized atoms and free-electrons remaining after the pulse shuts down. and are used in prepulse techniques, but the main pulse must come immediately after the prepulse, before the ions have a chance to recombine, or else it won't work. This afterglow is mainly a limit to repetition rate, but does not have much effect on the pulse duration.

 * For very short pulses, the inductance of the flashtube itself becomes the largest limiting factor. The flashtube will have the same inductance as a round wire of the same length. The shape of the coils and connections in the capacitor and of the leads can be adjusted to reduce inductance to a minimum. Typically, you would want to reduce inductance by using leads and connections with a very large surface area and the thinnest cross-section possible. Special axial leads are available for this purpose, or thin, wide strips of metal can be used. However, there is very little that can be done to reduce inductance in the lamp. For extremely short pulses, Edgerton recommended a lamp with a large bore and the shortest length possible. For dye lasers, special axial lamps are often used o reduce inductance.

 * Another limiting factor is also current reversal, or "ringing." For very fast pulses, the circuit must be very under-damped. Therefore, a diode must be attached to the capacitor to catch the ringing. Zaereth (talk) 16:57, 21 March 2014 (UTC)

Changes have been implemented
Since there has been no objections to my proposed changes, I have gone ahead and implemented them. If there is any comment, please make it here. Thanks.Zaereth (talk) 00:59, 22 November 2008 (UTC)

Vraiable Pulse Width Control triggering
It might be helpful to add a full paragraph in the article on the circuit you're describing there. The circuit is often called a "Variable Pulse Width Control" circuit, as is described in the Perkin Elmer catalog which I referenced. There are many ways to put one together, and can even be designed to produce square-wave pulses. Perhaps if we start out with the name, then a small paragraph to describe the circuit that would fit better with the style of the rest of the article. What do you think?Zaereth (talk) 23:22, 4 December 2008 (UTC)

 * I think that sounds like a great idea. Would it be legally permissible under Fair Use to illustrate the concept with one of the schematics from the document that I used as a reference in the article, or a schematic based on one of those (possibly simplified, for clarity?)? Ilikefood (talk) 23:54, 4 December 2008 (UTC)

 * I'm rather new to Wikipedia, so I don't know the answer to that question. Personally, I think a paragraph that gives a basic overall view is sufficient, as an encyclopedia should not be an instruction manual. Those who are interested, I think, should have no problem checking out the reference. Zaereth (talk) 00:07, 5 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Okay. Ilikefood (talk) 00:11, 5 December 2008 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Zaereth (talk • contribs)

I'd like to add just a little more info to this subsection. This system is used frequently in high average power laser systems, and can produce pulses ranging from .5 milliseconds to over 20 milliseconds. It can be used with any of the triggering techniques, like external and series, and can produce square wave pulses. It can even be used with simmer voltage to produce a "modulated" continuous wave output, with repetition rates over 300 hertz. With the proper large bore, water cooled flashlamp, several kilowatts of average power output can be obtained. Zaereth (talk) 18:31, 31 December 2008 (UTC)

Other gasses and safety
Having completed some further research, I'm adding a couple of new sections, one on other gasses, and the other on safety. If there is any question or comment, please make it here.Zaereth (talk) 19:01, 17 December 2008 (UTC)

Requested moves: Xenon Flash Lamp to Flashtube - Should the name of the article be changed?
Move to Flashtube. Parsecboy (talk) 00:39, 20 January 2009 (UTC) The article has been updated to include all gases, and not just xenon. Although xenon is used, by far, more than the other gases, I think it might be more accurate to rename the article simply "Flash Lamp", and redirect Xenon Flash Lamp, Krypton Flash Lamp, and all other redirects to the new name. Does anyone agree or disagree that the title should be changed? Zaereth (talk) 19:00, 22 December 2008 (UTC)

 * I think it is worthy to note that academic journals always seem to use "Flashlamp" and "Flashtube" as one word, so perhaps one of these would be a better title? Zaereth (talk) 00:00, 23 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Oppose create a new article instead, refocus this on Xenon. Additionally, there are flashlamps that aren't electric discharge gas tubes. 76.66.198.171 (talk) 23:52, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I am against creating a new article, because it would simply be a repeat of the same information. The construction and operation methods are the same. Even the output spectrums are remarkably similar. The only major difference is the impedence characteristics, which leads to the lower efficiency of the lighter gases. I can not see creating another article just to explain that twice. Perhaps, 'Rare Gas Flash Lamp' would be more accurate, although its not very common usage. (Personally, I like 'flashtube', as I'm pretty sure other types of flash bulbs do not use that term, [although 'flash lamp' redirects to this article with no diambiguity].)

 * Also, I have included all the noble gases, except radon, (which I suspect would be even more efficient, but not used for obvious reasons), and even the air flashlamps which are often used in home-made dye lasers. The article is definitely focused on xenon, but creating a seperate article for each gas would be like doing the same for neon signs.Zaereth (talk) 00:22, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Rare gas electric glow discharge flash lamp ? (a descriptive title, instead of a prescriptive title). flash lamp should be rebuilt as a dab. There are flash powder flash lamps, and other sorts. 76.66.198.171 (talk) 13:23, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

 * That title is fine with me, (although I still like 'flashtube' since it is fairly specific, and common usage). I merely think one should be used which conveys to the reader that this article covers all types, with xenon, rightfully, being the primary example.Zaereth (talk) 17:26, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

 * So sub in flashtube in place of flash lamp? 76.66.198.171 (talk) 18:10, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

 * It works for me. Simple and stright forward. How does that sound to you?Zaereth (talk) 19:20, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

 * probably works. 76.66.198.171 (talk) 17:22, 16 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Ok. I'll change my request to Flashtube.Zaereth (talk) 17:38, 16 January 2009 (UTC)

Popular culture section
A statement was recently added to the Application section about the use of xenon flashtubes in the movie The Andromeda Strain. Since this is not an actual application, I have moved it to a new section labeled popular culture. Zaereth (talk) 18:09, 9 April 2009 (UTC)

Reverted unsourced edit
I reverted the following edit as unsourced and incorrect. First designed by engineers Hunter H. Hetfeld and Luke J. Valenter in the late 80's, I'll try to gather some sources on the origins, but flashtube technology got its start in the late 1800s, as open air sparks by photographers like Ernst Mach. I believe Tesla created the first "contained arc" flash apparatus, but it was Harold Edgerton who was the main pioneer in the field, and that was back in the 1930s. Flashtubes have been used in lasers since the 1960s. Zaereth (talk) 23:46, 18 January 2010 (UTC)

What is it called for .....
Unlike the laser beam, the light is gradually dimmed and then changed to another colour...???--124.78.209.251 (talk) 05:10, 26 January 2010 (UTC)
 * http://www.flickr.com/photos/istargazer/217878708/

 * I'm not sure what you're asking for. Can you clarify? The light in the above photo is from an incandescent bulb. There is nothing gradual about a flashtube. The light is full spectrum, (all colors), and the flash quickly builds to full power, and then shuts down instantly, as seen in the animation st the bottom of the article. Zaereth (talk) 17:28, 26 January 2010 (UTC)

History
Controversy: Was it invented in the 1930s or in 1927? --Janke | Talk 17:11, 29 October 2010 (UTC)

 * The first flash apparatus Edgerton made used a mercury arc rectifyer. The flashtube (ie: noble gas discharge lamp) came afterward. It might be worth mentioning that Edgerton employed General Electric to do the glassblowing, but the flashtube as we know it today is something that evolved over the entire decade of the 1930s. Zaereth (talk) 03:00, 1 November 2010 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
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Picture captions wrong / misleading
A point and shoot camera doesn't interpret spectral lines (nor does an expensive one). Sensors pick up a wide range of UV through IR, filtered at varying efficiency by the hot mirror. Whatever gets through that might selectively make it through the red, green, or blue color filter arrays depending on wavelength. That's at best. At worst, the blue filters are letting the least light through, their photo-sites are amplified most heavily, and all we're seeing is the massive CCD bloom from the blasted out exposure of a flash arc. The old Foveon sensors used the response of different depths of silicon to different wavelength ranges to detect multiple colors at the same photosite, but even those required heavy de-matrixing in order to get component colors. Actual spectral cameras exist, but those weren't used for these pictures. The pages for the pictures in question link to references that don't actually apply (a CCD and a photo-cathode aren't heavily related, nor are the responses of a very specific Fuji sensor to various wavelengths of light when narrow-band filters are stuck in front of it). Certainly 900nm IR isn't being picked up as a 450nm harmonic. A quick web search indicates that lots of narrow-band blue-pass filters have a peak of much more light passed in the 900nm region though. In case that wasn't enough, the EXIF of the image indicates the white balance was set to auto, so there's no predictable white reference. Who knows what the camera would choose as white when there's a blasted out arc in the middle and a flat surface we can only guess by the caption is illuminated by a mixture of the hypothetical greenish blue (which all image editing software indicates it isn't, at least noticeably so. Depending on the pixel it's either 1/255 greener or 1/255 bluer. A Shortfall Of Gravitas (talk) 11:53, 22 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Flashtube


text: User talk:83.79.17.217

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:83.79.17.217


text:
User talk:68.100.250.35

Wikipedia policy is to use the names most commonly known to English readers. Please stop changing the names of all of the Popes to the Latin versions. RickK 08:58, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

If you're going to put the English and Latin together, please make them of the same size and in the same place. RickK 09:28, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

-

There's a reason why the count of him being the 26*th Pope was not in the box on the right under his picture. Read Here, don't add it back please. -- KTC 15:18, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I've noticed your contributions to Chile related articles lately and they've been of very high quality. It would be great if you could register with a name, so it is easier to identify you and communicate with you in the future. —Cantus… ☎   20:14, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

TfD nomination of Template:CanadaCoatsOfArms
Template:CanadaCoatsOfArms has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for Deletion page. Thank you. Prince of Canadat 13:48, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Nomination of Cardinals over 80 in Papal conclave, 2005 for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Cardinals over 80 in Papal conclave, 2005 is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Cardinals over 80 in Papal conclave, 2005 until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. TonyBallioni (talk) 18:22, 11 July 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:68.100.250.35


text: User talk:84.9.27.244

title: User talk:84.9.27.244


text:
North Hollywood High School

North Hollywood High School (NHHS) is a public high school in the North Hollywood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States. It is in the San Fernando Valley and enrolls approximately 2,500 students. Several neighborhoods, including most of North Hollywood, Valley Village, Studio City and Sun Valley, send students to it. It is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. Its principal is Ricardo Rosales.

Facilities
As of 2023, the campus is undergoing construction, and many buildings are in transition. The campus has three main buildings: Kennedy Hall, Frasher Hall, and Randolph Hall, but only Randolph Hall is currently open while the others are retrofitted for safety. A fourth main building called the "C" building and a two-story gymnasium have been opened. The school also has an agricultural area with livestock, a garden, a cafeteria, multiple computer labs, a woodshop, two music rooms, a football field, a staff parking lot, and a student store. More facilities are expected to open as construction progresses.

History
Built in 1927, Lankershim High School was named for the town of Lankershim (first called Toluca, now North Hollywood) and its founding family. It opened with only a main building, auditorium, gymnasium and a shop and mechanics building, with 800 students, graduating its first class in 1928. The Board of Education was asked to employ teachers who were already residents of North Hollywood, creating jobs and education opportunities in the area. Lankershim High School was renamed North Hollywood High School in 1929. In 1937, a girls' gymnasium and a second major classroom building, now named Frasher Hall after former principal Roscoe Frasher, were built. In 1950, the third major classroom building, now named Randolph Hall, was built. In the 1950s, many smaller construction projects took place, including the agricultural classrooms, the boys' gymnasium, the home-side bleachers and the instrumental music room. In 1965, the main hall was named the John F. Kennedy Memorial Hall after the president. In 1966, the cafeteria, student store and two shop buildings were built. In 1973, the Amelia Earhart Continuation High School was built on the campus' northeast corner. In the late 1990s, thirteen modular buildings were installed to support an increase in the number of students.

It was in the Los Angeles City High School District until 1961, when it merged into LAUSD.

1990s and beyond
In 1996, the LAUSD board voted to move NHHS to a year-round schedule, but after more classroom space was found, the board reversed course. Several NHHS parents and community members did not want a year-round schedule since they feared it would negatively impact the Highly Gifted Magnet. According to the 1996 scheduling magnet, students were supposed to get July–May, which would have affected their ability to attend summer programs operated by Ivy League universities. The Zoo magnet students were to get the September–June schedule.

In 2000, Ramón C. Cortines, the LAUSD superintendent, stated that the overcrowding at NHHS was more severe than originally anticipated, and he announced that NHHS was going year-round. This was despite parents and students protesting against the move for several months. From 2000 to 2007, NHHS was a year-round school with three tracks.

In 2006, East Valley High School opened, relieving overcrowding at NHHS. In 2007, the traditional calendar was re-adopted and the students were divided into many Small Learning Communities (SLCs). All but three of these were closed in June 2012.

In 2015, it was announced that NHHS was selected to undergo major renovations, including upgrading buildings and removing portable buildings, to be completed in five years.

In 2018, there was a proposal to co-locate a charter school, Valley International Preparatory High School (VIPHS), on the NHHS campus, but there was student opposition; students created an online petition to oppose the co-location.

Academics
NHHS contains three magnet programs; the Highly Gifted Magnet (HGM), the Zoo Magnet, and the STEM Magnet. There are also three Small Learning Communities (SLCs); the Humanitas School for Advanced Studies, the Home Engineering Academy, and the Freshmen Academy.

Highly Gifted Magnet
The Highly Gifted Magnet was established in 1989, and is a component of the voluntary integration program of the LAUSD, designed to provide an academically challenging college preparatory program. The program is designed to prepare its students to thrive in the most demanding of university environments. The students in the HGM are from all over Los Angeles, and have a variety of extracurricular interests, as well as diversity in their academic directions.

Children are eligible if they test in the 99.5th percentile or above on an intelligence test conducted by an LAUSD psychologist. Priority is given to children with 99.9%, officially “Highly Gifted” by LAUSD definition. If there are openings remaining in the program, “Gifted” students with 99.5%-99.8% may be admitted with priority based on magnet points. The program had 265 students, 4 administrators, and 7 faculty members in 2016.

Zoo Magnet
The Zoo Magnet was established in 1981, and is a specialized school that buses students to a small campus next to the Los Angeles Zoo in Griffith Park. At this site, approximately 300 students take standard classes such as history, math, and English, in addition to Advanced Placement classes related to biological and zoological sciences. Many of these classes include fieldwork in the Los Angeles Zoo and Botanical Gardens, Los Angeles River ecosystem, Autry National Center and the natural world of Griffith Park for tours and observation. Classes are on a block schedule, meeting three days a week for two hours per class.

STEM Magnet
The STEM Magnet was established in 2018, and is an alternative course of study that prepares students for college and career opportunities in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math.

Small Learning Communities
The Small Learning Communities (SLCs) are intended to increase student achievement by personalizing the educational experience of students in large schools. Of the eight SLCs originally created, three remain as of 2019; the Humanitas School for Advanced Studies (HSAS), the Home Engineering Academy (HEA), and the Freshmen Academy (FA). The HSAS is designed for identified gifted, high achieving, high-ability students who show an interest in taking Honors and Advanced Placement courses. The HEA specializes in the construction and building trades.

Rankings
In 2024, U.S. News & World Report ranked NHHS as #1,168 in the country, #183 of CA High Schools, #80 in CA Metro Area High Schools, #12 in LAUSD, and gave it a College Readiness Index of 45.1/100.

In 2024, Niche designated NHHS as #759 in the country, #39 in California, #25 in the Los Angeles area, and #20 in Los Angeles County. NHHS was awarded an overall grade of "A+", with an A in Academics, an A in Diversity, an A+ in Teachers, an A in College Prep, a B+ in Clubs and Activities, a B in Administration, a B− in Sports, a B- in Food, and a C+ in Resources and Facilities.

In 2024, schooldigger.com ranked NHHS as #364 of all high schools in California.

In 2023, Magnet Schools of America designated the NHHS Zoo Magnet as the Top Magnet School of Excellence. In 2024 and 2022, it was designated as a Magnet School of Excellence. In 2020 and 2019, it was designated as a Magnet School of Distinction.

In 2023, academicinfluence.com ranked NHHS as #32 in the country.

In 2020, Newsweek ranked NHHS as #2183 in the country for STEM programs, with a score of 63.6/100.

In 2018, the California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress evaluated 11th grade students in English and Mathematics. In the area of English, 11th grade students were classified as 15% standard not met, 17% standard nearly met, 32% standard met, and 36% standard exceeded. In the area of Math, 11th grade students were classified as 37% standard not met, 26% standard nearly met, 17% standard met, and 20% standard exceeded.

In 2017, The Washington Post ranked NHHS as 624th in the country, 77th of all high schools in California, 58th of all public high schools in California, 21st of all high schools in Los Angeles County, 11th of all high schools in LAUSD, and 1st of all high schools in District 2.

For the 2017-18 school year, the average ACT Test scores were a 25 in Reading, a 25 in English, a 24 in Math, and a 24 in Science, each out of 36 points.

In 2016, LAUSD's new School Quality Improvement Index scored NHHS's 2014-15 year as 80/100, broken down into 10.51/15 in Academic Performance English Language Arts (64% met or exceeded standards), 12.01/15 in Academic Performance Math (37% met or exceeded standards), 11.25/20 in Four Year Cohort Graduation Rate (85% graduated class of 2014), 3.7/5 in Five Year Cohort Graduation Rate (90% graduated class of 2013), 3.51/5 in Six Year Cohort Graduation Rate (89% graduated class of 2012), 12.68/13.33 in Chronic Absenteeism (6% chronically absent), 13.35/13.33 in Suspension Rates (0% suspended/expelled), and 13.33/13.33 in English Learner Re-Designation (21% re-designated).

In 2015, the Los Angeles Times gave NHHS a grade of "A" in arts education, ranking it 6th of all secondary schools, and 9th of all schools within LAUSD. Out of over 700 schools, only 35 received an "A" grade.

In 2014, Los Angeles Magazine ranked NHHS 14th in Los Angeles County, 7th of all public schools in the county, 4th of all LAUSD schools, and 1st in District 2.

In 2013, NHHS's Academic Performance Index (API) score was 778, which is 22 points below the state goal, but an improvement of 8 points since 2012.

For the 2013-14 school year, the average SAT Reasoning Test score was 1557 of a possible 2400 points. For the 2013-14 school year, the California High School Exit Exam (CAHSEE) classified 84% of 10th graders in English and 83% of 10th graders in Mathematics, as "proficient or better".

For the 2014-15 school year, in the Physical Fitness Exam for 9th graders, 89.8% of students in Abdominal Strength, 65.5% of students in Aerobic Capacity, 63.1% of students in Body Composition, 91.2% of students in Flexibility, 92.1% of students in Trunk Extension Strength, and 80.9% of students in Upper Body Strength, were considered to be in the "Healthy Fitness Zone."

Advanced Placement Courses
NHHS offers 25 Advanced Placement courses in biology, calculus AB, calculus BC, chemistry, computer science A, computer science principles, English language and composition, English literature and composition, environmental science, European history, French language, human geography, macroeconomics, music theory, physics 2, physics C: electricity and magnetism, physics C: mechanics, psychology, Spanish language, Spanish literature, statistics, studio art, US government and politics, US history and world history.

For the 2023-24 school year, 56% of students took at least one AP test, with 41% of students passing at least one AP test.

Competitive academics
NHHS offers many highly successful teams in competitive academics: Academic Decathlon, CyberPatriot, DECA, Duke Moot Court, FIRST Robotics, Future Farmers of America, Mock Trial, Model United Nations, North American Computational Linguistics Open competition, National Ocean Sciences Bowl, Physics Olympiad, Science Bowl, Science Olympiad, and Speech and Debate.

Sport
The NHHS Huskies compete in the CIF Los Angeles City Section's East Valley League. NHHS's rivals are Polytechnic High School and Ulysses S. Grant High School. The NHHS Athletics Department offers American football, archery, baseball, basketball (boys' and girls'), cheerleading, cross country, golf, soccer (boys' and girls'), softball (girls'), Students Run LA, tennis, track and field, ultimate frisbee, volleyball (boys' and girls') and weight training.

Performing arts
NHHS offers a wide variety of performing arts courses.

 * Marching Band - During the fall semester, the marching band is typically a Division 2A, 70-member ensemble called the Royal Regiment. The band performs as a pep band at football games and competes in field tournaments.
 * Concert Band - During the spring semester, the marching band becomes a concert band that performs at festivals, the annual Spring Concert, and various school events.
 * Percussion Ensemble - During the fall semester, the percussion ensemble prepares and performs for the annual Winter Concert.
 * Indoor Drumline - During the spring semester, the indoor drumline performs in drumline tournaments, the annual Spring Percussion Concert, and various school events.
 * Advanced Jazz Band - Meeting before school during both semesters, the jazz band is an approximately 20-member ensemble that performs in festivals, the annual Winter Concert, the annual Spring Concert, and various events.
 * Beginning Guitar - During both semesters, beginning guitars is an introductory-level class for students with interest in guitar.
 * Color Guard - During the fall semester, the color guard teams up with the marching band to perform at football games and compete in field tournaments.
 * Dance Team - During the spring semester, the colorguard becomes a dance team that performs in competitions and the annual Spring Dance Show.

Demographics
For the 2022-2023 school year, NHHS had a total enrollment of 2,642 students, with 7.5% English Learners and 69.5% socioeconomically disadvantaged.

During the 2022-23 school year, the student-teacher ratio was 22 to 1, with 118 full-time teachers.

Achievements

 * At the Regional Science Bowl, NHHS has won 1st place every year since 1998, missing only 2005 and 2014. At the National Science Bowl, NHHS won 1st place in 2001, and 2021.
 * At the CSU Long Beach Math Day at the Beach, NHHS won 1st place in 2006.
 * At the International Botball Competition, NHHS received the Outstanding Programming award and the Judges' Choice award in 2011. At the Greater Los Angeles Regional Botball Tournament, NHHS won 2nd place overall in 2017.
 * At the Duke Moot Court National Tournament, NHHS has won 1st place in 2009 and 2010.
 * At the Constitutional Rights Foundation's Mock Trial State Competition, NHHS won 1st place in 1982.
 * At the National Speech and Debate Association's district qualifier, NHHS's speech and debate team won sweepstakes in Congressional Debate in 2014. In three of California High School Speech Association's Tri-County Forensics League competitions, NHHS's team took sweepstakes in 2014.
 * At the CyberPatriot National Finals, NHHS won 1st place in 2014, and 2nd and 5th place in 2015. At the California Cyber Innovation Challenge, NHHS won 1st place in 2016 and 2017. In 2017, three teams were sent to the national finals and one team won 1st place. In 2018, three teams were sent to the national finals and won 1st, 2nd, and 9th place. In 2019, NHHS won 2nd place in the Open Class Division.
 * The NHHS FFA chapter was ranked a "Superior Chapter" by the California FFA Association in 1951, 1953, 1954, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1963, 1967, 1980, 1989, and 1990. At the Los Angeles FFA Horticulture Contest, NHHS teams won 1st place in both Advanced Horticulture and Floral Horticulture in 2015.
 * At the Southern California DECA Conference, NHHS won 1st and 2nd place in marketing, and 1st place in business law and ethics in 2016.
 * The NHHS Baseball Team won the title of city champions in 1957 and 2012,.
 * The NHHS Boys' Basketball Team won the title of city champions in 1990.
 * The NHHS Girls' Basketball Team won the title of city champions in 2016, and was a runner-up in 1987, 1988, and 1993.
 * The NHHS Cheerleading Team won 1st place at DREAM TEAM Championships in 2011.
 * The NHHS Varsity Football Team was undefeated and league champions in 2004 and 2007.
 * The NHHS Junior-Varsity Football Team finished 10-1 and were League Champions in the 2017 Season, with two non-consecutive 5 game winning streaks.
 * The NHHS Girls' Golf Team won the title of city champions in 2010, and won individual champions in 2008 and 2009.
 * The NHHS Boys' Tennis Team was undefeated and league champions in 2017.
 * The NHHS Girls' Tennis Team won the title of Division II city champions in 2015.
 * The NHHS Boys' Volleyball Team won the title of city champions in 2000.
 * The NHHS Girls' Soccer Team won the title of city champions of Div II in 2020.
 * At the LAUSD Band and Drill Team Championships, the NHHS Royal Regiment won 1st place in 1984, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2018, and 2022.
 * At the West Coast Performance Association's Indoor Drumline Championships, the NHHS Indoor Drumline won 1st place in the AA division in 2022 and 2024.
 * At the Drums Across California's Indoor Drumline Championships, the NHHS Indoor Drumline 1st place in 2016, 2018, and 2019.
 * In 2011, Mr. Randall Delling was named California Secondary Principal of the Year by the Association of California School Administrators. In 2014, Mr. Jay Gehringer was named LAUSD Teacher of the Year. In 2015, Mr. Altair Maine was named LAUSD Teacher of the Year. In 2016, Ms. Carrie Schwartz was named Secondary Co-Administrator of the Year by the Association of California School Administrators. In 2018, alum Ms. Dorothy Williams-Kohlmeyer was named LAUSD Rookie of the Year.
 * As of 2022, NHHS has a graduation rate of 95.3%.

Filming location
NHHS has been the filming location for movies, television shows, and other productions, including the following:

 * The Human Comedy (1943)
 * The Rockford Files (1974–1980)
 * The White Shadow (1978–1981)
 * Demolition High (1996)
 * Joan of Arcadia (2003–2005)
 * The Lockhavens (2009)
 * The Tudor Tutor (2010)
 * Shameless (season 4, episode 9) (2014)
 * Canaan Land (2020)

Notable alumni

 * Khalil Abdul-Rahman, music producer
 * Larry Agran, Irvine City Councilmember, former Mayor, lawyer
 * Walt Ambord, American football player, coach
 * Harry Anderson, actor
 * Tony Angell, artist, author
 * Suzan Ball, actress
 * Brian Baima, American football player
 * Noah Beery, Jr., actor
 * Stuart Benjamin, film producer
 * Richard Beymer, actor
 * Mayim Bialik, actress
 * Stefano Bloch (as Stefano Sykes), author, academic
 * Donald "D.J." Bonebrake, musician
 * Perry Botkin Jr., musician, composer, producer
 * Ron Brand, former Major League baseball player
 * Michael Broggie, author, historian
 * Barbara Brogliatti, public relations, marketing executive
 * Philip Brown, actor
 * Bill Cable, actor, model
 * Christy Canyon, actress
 * Cindy Carol, actress
 * Adam Carolla, comedian
 * Nick Cassavetes, director, actor
 * Sydney Chaplin, actor
 * Andrei Cherny, author, politician, banker
 * Lenora Claire, media personality
 * Bert Convy, actor, singer, game show host
 * Jordan Cronenweth, cinematographer
 * Gary Crosby, actor, singer
 * Robert DeHaven, Air Force colonel
 * Sandy Descher, child actress
 * Dean Devlin, producer, writer, actor
 * Maureen Dragone, journalist, author and founder of the Young Artist Awards
 * Denis Dutton, media activist, web entrepreneur
 * David Eisley, musician
 * Michael Erush, soccer player, coach
 * Edan Everly, musician
 * Shelley Fabares, actress
 * Stanley Fafara, actor
 * Tiger Fafara, actor
 * Brent Fischer, composer/arranger
 * George Frenn, Olympian
 * Rob Friedman, co-chairman of Lionsgate Motion Picture Group
 * Ernestine Fu, venture capital investor, author
 * Gil Garfield, musician
 * Carrington Garland, actress
 * Teri Garr, actress
 * Cuba Gooding Jr., actor
 * Omar Gooding, actor
 * Farley Granger, actor
 * Brian Austin Green, actor
 * Bruce Guerin, child actor, pianist
 * Ruben Guevara, musician
 * Bob Gurr, amusement ride designer
 * Don Hahn, film producer
 * Khrystyne Haje, actress
 * Alyson Hannigan, actress
 * David Harper, actor
 * Emery Hawkins, animator
 * Roberta Haynes, actress
 * Jamake Highwater, writer, journalist
 * William Hohri, activist
 * Desiree Horton, TV personality, helicopter pilot
 * Julia Hu, technology entrepreneur
 * Michael Hutchence, musician, lead singer of INXS
 * Sasha Jenson, actor
 * Andy Johnson, former NBA player
 * Chuck Jones, animator, director
 * Dana Jones, basketball player
 * Janet Louise Johnson, actress, educator
 * Gary Kibbe, cinematographer
 * Josh "Andrew" Koenig, actor
 * Jonathan Kovacs, singer
 * Eva Lee Kuney, actress, dancer
 * Alan Ladd, actor
 * Arthur Lee, basketball player
 * Jonah Lehrer, author
 * Pam Ling, physician, castmate on The Real World: San Francisco
 * Barry Livingston, actor
 * Stanley Livingston, actor
 * Donald Losby, actor
 * Marlon Lucky, American football player
 * Heather MacRae, vocalist, actress
 * Meredith MacRae, actress
 * Brett Marx, actor, producer
 * Ralph Mauriello. former Major League baseball player
 * Oliver Mayer, playwright, screenwriter, author
 * Mike McDonald, former NFL player
 * Elizabeth McGovern, actress, musician
 * Jake McLaughlin, actor
 * Nick McLean, cinematographer
 * Jimmy McNichol, actor
 * Nick Menza, drummer/percussionist
 * Martin Milner, actor
 * Aaron Mitchell, former NFL player
 * Rolando Molina, actor
 * Johanna Moore, computer scientist
 * Erin Moran, actress
 * Susan Morrow, actress
 * Michael Nassir, astronomer
 * Corin Nemec, actor, producer
 * Ken Osmond, actor
 * Karen Pendleton, original Mouseketeer
 * Gerald Pulley, U.S. Navy photographer
 * Eduard Punset, Spanish politician, lawyer, economist, science popularizer
 * Alan Robbins, politician
 * Carlos Romero, ice skater, actor
 * Bob Ronka, Los Angeles City Council member, 1977–81
 * Barbara Ruick, actress, singer
 * Jennifer Runyon, actress
 * Maia Sharp, singer, songwriter
 * Amy Sherman-Palladino, producer, director, writer
 * Robert Shields, mime, actor
 * Daniel Smith, son of Anna Nicole Smith
 * Shawnee Smith, actress, musician
 * Susan Sontag, author, theorist, activist
 * Joshua Stangby, NFL/CFL wide receiver
 * Mary Kay Stearns, actress
 * Robert Stebbins, biologist, illustrator
 * Charles Joel Stone, statistician and mathematician
 * Stephen Stromberg, journalist
 * Guy Sularz, former Major League baseball player
 * Beth Sullivan, screenwriter, executive producer
 * Robert Swink, film editor
 * Anthony Sydes, actor, Purple Heart recipient
 * Margaret Talbot, essayist
 * Russ Tamblyn, actor, dancer
 * Buck Taylor, actor, painter
 * Anthony 'Scooter' Teague, actor, dancer
 * Michael Tilson Thomas, musician, composer, director of the San Francisco Symphony
 * Eugene Tissot, Jr., U.S. Navy Rear Admiral
 * Ronne Troup, actress
 * Ron Unz, entrepreneur, political activist
 * Benny Urquidez, kickboxer
 * Hana Vu, singer, songwriter
 * Morgan Webb, TV personality
 * Julius Wechter, bandleader of Baja Marimba Band
 * Eugene Wescott, geophysicist
 * Jim Wheeler, politician
 * De'voreaux White, actor
 * John Williams, composer, conductor, pianist
 * Melanie Wilson, actress
 * Lauren Woodland, actress, attorney
 * Scott Yancey, TV personality
 * Charles Yukl, ragtime pianist, murderer

title: North Hollywood High School


text:
User talk:Fadix/Ottoman Armenian Casualties

Briliant
This is how I like when an article is present. You get my A+, although articles are never complete on wikipedia. --Cool Cat My Talk 09:07, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

You may want to use one level less categories.


text:
Talk:Zaraza

Untitled
''In this sad age, where unoriginality, commercialism and lack of vision seems to characterize a lot of the underground scene (especially on the industrial end of things, due largely to massive successes of more commercially sounding artists), the two members of ZARAZA decided it was crucial to create a new ugly blend of the most extreme and dark genres. The brutality of their music and it's often experimental character definitely place it at least a couple of notches above most bands in terms of originality, heaviness and intensity.''

Like a lot of the rest of the article, this is clichéd hype and breaks the NPOV rule very badly. If you're in the band, you ought to try and disguise it a bit better (and learn the difference between "it's" and "its"). Draconiszeta
 * I'm going to see if I can take a stab at fixing the POV. Finding another word to use instead of "mongrel" might be a good start. -- Dysfunktion 23:47, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Sorry guys, I guess it's not very neutral, I just copied it from the our band's bio...I'll try to get it to sound more neutral sounding and maybe less copy-and-paste from our site. Sorry for the hassle, it's my first Wikipedia attempts Zaraza

There is something missing here: Zaraza is also a romanian song and "coniac" (whiskey? or scotch?, i don't know the exact translation). Alexandru —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.85.0.116 (talk) 13:37, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Zaraza. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20071016160004/http://doom-metal.com:80/interview.php?id=10 to http://www.doom-metal.com/interview.php?id=10

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 06:20, 10 January 2016 (UTC)

From Ukraine?
Perhaps it should say Ukrainian rather than Ukraine? Although I don't see how it's relevant either way, since many Slavic languages use the word "zaraza" with that exact meaning and I don't see any relevance of it being a Ukrainian word, since the band's name most likely comes from Polish. Not editing the page because I'm not well-acquainted with the band. —S. Jevtić talk·contribs 23:48, 21 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Zaraza


text:
SIRT

SIRT can refer to :

 * Selective internal radiation therapy for cancer
 * Serious Incident Response Team, Nova Scotia, Canada
 * Sirtuin, a class of proteins (enzymes) related to genetics
 * Staten Island Railway (from abbreviation Staten Island Rapid Transit)

title: SIRT


text:
User talk:Madssj

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Hyacinth 09:11, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Madssj


text:
User talk:Slinger~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Hyacinth 09:11, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
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Proposed deletion of Tegenpartij

The article Tegenpartij has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * not a notable joke party

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. JDDJS (talk) 23:19, 21 May 2014 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Slinger. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Slinger~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:03, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 18:59, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Slinger~enwiki


text:
User talk:Taomaster

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Hyacinth 09:11, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Taomaster


text:
User talk:Ben St. Hilaire

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Hyacinth 09:11, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Ben St. Hilaire


text:
User talk:68.62.10.129

Nomination of Jake Featherston for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Jake Featherston is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Jake Featherston until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Hog Farm Talk 05:24, 23 July 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:68.62.10.129


text:
Karen Lynn Gorney

Karen Lynn Gorney (born 1946 (age 44)) is an American actress who had roles in television shows and films including the soap opera All My Children and the movie Saturday Night Fever.

Early life
Born in Los Angeles and raised in New York City, Gorney was one of three children of Jay Gorney, the Polish-born composer who wrote the music for the song about America's Great Depression, "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" Her family is Jewish. She attended the High School of Performing Arts and then earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from Carnegie Mellon University and a Master of Fine Arts from Brandeis University. Karen is the sister of Daniel Gorney, and half-sister of author, professor, and physician Roderic Gorney, who has taught for many years at UCLA.

Early work
Gorney made her film debut as a teenage resident of a mental health treatment center in David and Lisa (1962). Her next work on the big screen came in 1970 with the film The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart. From 1970 to 1974, Gorney played the role of Tara Martin on the soap opera All My Children. After she left the show, Gorney had agreed to return when her replacement, actress/writer Stephanie Braxton, decided to leave the show. She returned for the 1976–1977 season but was eventually fired as Tara and did not return to the show until almost 20 years later.

In 1977, Gorney co-starred in her third film, and biggest role to date, as Stephanie Mangano in Saturday Night Fever, alongside John Travolta. The next year, she appeared as a celebrity panelist on Hollywood Squares.

Return to film, stage, and TV
After a lengthy gap, during which she managed an art gallery in Manhattan, New York, Gorney eventually returned to acting in the early 1990s, appearing in small roles in such films as The Hard Way (1991), Ripe (1996), and Creating Karma (2006), and returning to All My Children during 1995 in cameo spots. More recently, she has guest-starred in a number of TV shows, including Law & Order, The Sopranos, and Six Degrees, as well as doing independent films and off-Broadway shows.

Due to her connection with disco music, and her popular role in Saturday Night Fever, she has been featured on a number of disco documentaries and specials, including Get Down Tonight: The Disco Explosion, which she co-hosted with Saturday Night Fever choreographer Deney Terrio for PBS. During the show, Gorney and Terrio dance to Bee Gees' hit single "More Than a Woman" as she did with co-star John Travolta in Saturday Night Fever back in 1977. She appeared on VH1's When Disco Ruled the World and was interviewed for the disco video documentary Disco: Spinning the Story. In 1997, Gorney had an uncredited role as an announcer in the film 'Men in Black.'

She appeared in the UK on ITV1's lunchtime programme Loose Women (a topical debate programme from a woman's perspective) on 28 September 2007, helping to promote the 30th anniversary of the launch of the film Saturday Night Fever and the Bee Gees's new Greatest Hits album.

She was featured in the role of the Judge in the 2008 independent feature film Dear J.

Gorney is a long-time resident of New York City. In 2008, she appeared in the stage production Monsterface at the Irish Rep Theater. In October 2010, Gorney performed the role of "Belaria" in Frog and Peach Theatre Company's production of Cymbeline at the West End Theatre, in Manhattan, New York.

In 2016, she appeared as Eshter in theater play From Silence by Anne Marilyn Lucas, it narrates the stories of Holocaust survivors and their families.

Music
Along with her acting work, Gorney is a singer and has released three albums: Used to Love You Madly, Hot Moonlight!, and The Dance of the Deadly's. She has performed at various jazz clubs and cafes.

title: Karen Lynn Gorney


text:
Talk:Black hole information paradox

homogeneity and BHIP
I removed the following paragraph which was recently added;
 * The homogeneity of space and the space-time position independence of the laws of physics is a fundamental assumption of all physics science since Newton. Recenlty, because of the dead end of the Scientific method, scientists like Hawking concluded that the laws of physics are not actually space-time position independant but space-time position bounded, thats why they created the black holes concept and claimed that space or time is absent inside them. The information paradox of black holes is, for some anti-scientists philosophers, the proof that space is not homogeneous and/or that the laws of physics are actually space-time position dependant and not space-time position bounded, as long as, according to the paradox, information seems to vanish or (alternatively) stored to unconventional material (or non-material) objects. Apart from the black hole information paradox, some experiments came also close to the philosophy of the position dependancy of the laws of physics. Some universal constants used in well known equations have been found to change their values (increase or decrease) when measured in small fragments of time or when time passing . A group of pioneer "scientists", lead by John K. Webb, continues the experiments in this revolutionary field.

This mostly reads like pseudoscience. The invariance of fundamental physical constants with space and/or time is open to question, and John K. Webb and other's cited may well work on this. However I can't see any connection or relevance to the Black Hole Information Paradox. -- Solipsist 09:16, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

assumed tenet of science?
I read with astonishment -in several media in connection with this paradox- that a commonly assumed tenet of science is that information cannot be destroyed. I am a physics graduate, never heard of it and it seems to be in contradiction with the second principle of thermodynamics and the foreseen cold and hot deaths of the universe. Worse I cannot find in the whole web anything about this "assumed tenet of science". I think someone should explain it.

Manuel Navarro —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.120.154.136 (talk • contribs) 21:36, 8 February 2007

Controversies
added a "Controversies" section with the edit summary:
 * added conroversy section as per talk page

I have reverted the addition because: Further, the addition appears to be a further effort to push the ideas of Abhas Mitra to the forefront. (I note that and  are not unacquainted (see ), so it is possible that they are working together to further Mitra's views.) In any case, such a controversies section does need discussion, and, if this information belongs at Wikipedia at all, it belongs at the main black hole article. The deleted material is included in the collapse box below for review.
 * 1) there was no prior discussion on this talk page about a "Controversies" section; and
 * 2) the section appears to be an argument against the existence of black holes at all, which, given the mainstream view on black holes, would be a fringe theory at best, and an original synthesis of ideas from the available sources at worst.

Controversies

 * Robert Oppenheimer and his student Hartland Synder published a paper entitles "On Continued Gravitational Contraction" in Physical Review which, it is believed, that showed for the first time that continued GR Collapse should lead to formation of Black Holes. John Baez & Chris HIllman humiliated Einstein because Einstein claimed that black holes can't form. . Einstein concluded on his paper," The essential result of this investigation is a clear understanding as to why the Schwarschild singularities don't exist in physical reality. Although the theory given here treats only clusters whose particles move along circular paths it doesn't seem to be subject to reasonable doubt that mote general cases will have analogous results. The "Schwarzschild Singularity" doesn't appear for the reason that matter cannot be concentrated arbitarily. And this is due to the fact that otherwise the constituting particles would reach the velocity of light."

Solutions
The article currently provides a miscellaneous list of solutions. All of these are backed up by references so I do not propose deleting any of them. Nevertheless, it is not the case that these solutions are viewed equally by researchers.

(A) Within, what might broadly be termed the "string theory community", the dominant idea is that Hawking's computation is corrected by small corrections. This may imprecisely be termed "leaks out gradually" but there are really several forms of the "small corrections argument". For example (1) information is released according to the Page curve; the black hole interior retains its semi-classical form but information enters Hawking radiation through a loss of locality. (2) information is always outside and due to a loss of factorization and once again this is a consequence of a loss of locality (3) the black hole interior is converted into a fuzzball so that information is released as it would be in a piece of coal but the interior geometry is significantly modified.

(B) Within, what might broadly be called the "loop quantum gravity community", the dominant idea is that of the remnant scenario. There are currently several versions of the remnant scenario provided in the list of solutions and I propose combining them into a single heading.

(C) There are some researchers who believe that unitarity is lost. There are others (eg. R. Wald) who point out that evolution from a pure to a mixed state is possible even within QFT.

(D) Then there are baby universe scenarios and also the final state proposals.

So I propose reorganizing this section according to the subheadings above. This will involve the addition of material and some reorganization of text.

Jacob2718 (talk) 14:45, 3 January 2022 (UTC)

 * It seems to be a solution involved pairs of particles/antiparticles being ripped apart at the horizon of the BH, giving every information a signature. 2A02:8440:620F:143D:0:30:1AF7:D001 (talk) 21:49, 11 August 2023 (UTC)

NOTE: There seems to be a word or words missing in this section under "Other proposed resolutions". The first sentence under the 3rd bullet point reads as follows:

"The final-state proposal suggests that boundary conditions must be imposed at the black-hole singularity which, from a causal perspective, is to the future of all events in the black-hole interior." Hazratio (talk) 13:02, 17 October 2022 (UTC)

Information cannot be destroyed?
Tell that to the Great Library of Alexandria.84.54.70.206 (talk) 09:23, 30 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Black hole information paradox


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Alan Campbell (pastor)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. - Mailer Diablo 03:22, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Alan Campbell (pastor)
Article does not establish notability. RickK 09:16, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Article does not establish notability but a Google search does. He seems to be prominent in the British Israelism movement. Paradiso 00:07, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Notable religious kook. Klonimus 02:19, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, notability not established. That last paragraph looks suspiciously like nonsense. Megan1967 06:53, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak delete, article doesn't establish notability. Radiant_* 07:23, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep he sounds reasonably notable. I'm a Christian, and I guess I should be saddened at the bad name this guy gives the church, but getting the events of Revelation from the French Revolution is just funny. DDerby 02:05, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and Cleanup He seems notable. A recent edit added the reference to not having a beard and the pork stuff. I think they should be removed and the article retained. --Randolph 00:55, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Balad, Iraq

Balad (بلد), also transliterated Beled or Belad, is a city in Saladin Governorate, Iraq, 80 km north of the national capital, Baghdad. It is the capital of Balad District. Located in Iraq's volatile Sunni Triangle, between the towns of Al Dhuluiya, Yathrib and Ishaqi, Balad's inhabitants are primarily farmers who work mainly on grape and date farms and as citrus growers.

In the later months of 2014 the city was besieged by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant forces, which were repelled by the Shia citizens of the city and the Iraqi Army.

During the Iraq War
During the Iraq War Balad was, in 2006, the site of sectarian violence involving Sunni and Shi'ite militias.

In 2007 the mayor, Amir Abdul Hadi, escaped an assassination attempt.

Military installations
The largest military air base in Iraq, formerly LSA Anaconda, Balad Air Base, or Al-Bakir Air Base, is located within the municipality of Yathrib near Balad. As of early 2007 the base was the central hub for airlift and US Air Force operations in Iraq; it was also a major transshipment point for US Army supply convoys.

On the outskirts of Balad proper there was a tiny forward operating base called Balad Joint Coordination Center (formerly FOB Paliwoda). Over the years, FOB Paliwoda had been occupied by 1st Battalion, 8th Infantry, 3rd Brigade Combat Team, and 3rd Squadron 4th US Cavalry in an effort to create a joint effort between coalition and local forces.

2016 attack
On the 7 July 2016, Islamic State militants attacked the tomb of Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi, the son of Ali al-Hadi and the brother of Hasan al-Askari. According to Reuters citing Iraqi security forces, "at least 20 people were killed and 50 others wounded on Thursday evening in an attack on a Shi'ite mausoleum north of Baghdad". A suicide car bomb blew up at the external gate of the mausoleum, allowing several gunmen to storm the site and start shooting at pilgrims on a visit on the occasion of the Eid al-Fitr festival.

title: Balad, Iraq


text:
Meera Jasmine

Jasmine Mary Joseph, known professionally as Meera Jasmine, is an Indian actress who appears primarily in Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu and Kannada language films. Meera made her debut in 2001 with the Lohithadas film Soothradharan. She went on to star in various commercial and critically successful films in south Indian languages making her one of the successful actresses of the 2000s.

She won the National Film Award for Best Actress in 2004 for her role in Paadam Onnu: Oru Vilapam, and is a two-time recipient of the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress and a Tamil Nadu State Film Award. She also received the Kalaimamani award from the Government of Tamil Nadu.

Early life
Meera Jasmine was born in Kuttapuzha village, Thiruvalla, Kerala to Joseph and Aleyamma. She was the fourth of five children. She has two sisters, Jiby Sara Joseph and Jeny Susan Joseph, who has also acted in films,  and two brothers, one of them, George worked as an assistant cinematographer.

She completed her schooling in Bala Vihar, Thiruvalla and Marthoma Residential School, Thiruvalla. She appeared for her Higher Secondary Exams in March 2000. She had enrolled for a BSc degree in Zoology at Assumption College, Changanassery and completed nearly three months when she was spotted by director Blessy (who was then an assistant director to director Lohithadas) and offered a role in Soothradharan.

Meera had initially wanted to study and become a doctor and never had dreamed of becoming a film star. She stated, "I was just an ordinary girl. Never in my wildest dreams did I imagine being in films. I had not acted even in school plays. I never was the artistic type, I never thought I could dance, and I had not even thought of myself as being beautiful". She also said that Lohithadas "is like a father figure and my guru. He initiated me into films with Soothradharan and I owe it all to him".

Malayalam
Meera Jasmine made her debut in the Malayalam film Soothradharan. Her second film was Gramophone, directed by Kamal, in which she appeared alongside Navya Nair and Dileep. Her role as a Jewish girl was appreciated by Malayalam critics. Her third film was Swapnakkoodu, a romantic comedy alongside Prithviraj Sukumaran, Kunchako Boban, Jayasurya, and Bhavana under director Kamal. Her performance was appreciated and the film was a high commercial success. Among the five main characters, the one who scored the most was again Meera.

She rose to fame in Malayalam cinema with the film Kasthooriman directed by her mentor Lohithadas, where she played a happy go lucky yet emotionally complex character. She received her first Filmfare award for her performance in Kasthooriman. The film was a success at the box office, running for 100 days. The same year, she acted in T. V. Chandran's acclaimed Padam Onnu Oru Vilapam. She played a 15-year-old Muslim girl who was forced to marry an older man, for which she was awarded a State Award and the National Award in addition with several other awards. It was followed by her performance as Raziya in Perumazhakkalam alongside Kavya Madhavan.

In the film Achuvinte Amma (2005), she enacted the young, adorable character Achu. She then paired with Mohanlal in Rasathanthram (2006). She played as a girl pretending to be a boy due to the pressure of circumstances in the first half of the film. The film went on to become a commercial success. Her next film with Dileep – Vinodayathra, which again was directed by Sathyan Anthikkad. She was next featured opposite Mammootty in the critically acclaimed film Ore Kadal. The film was showcased in film festivals and won awards. Her performance as an innocent middle-class woman won praise from audiences. Media quoted her as, "Matching step with the megastar in this histrionic race is Meera Jasmine, who amazes you with a stunning delineation of her difficult role". Her next film was Calcutta News with Dileep. Blessy, who introduced her to film field, was the director of Calcutta News. In Innathe Chintha Vishayam (2008), she collaborated with Sathyan Anthikkad for his fourth consecutive film, again opposite Mohanlal, but failed to succeed. Her next films Minnaminnikoottam with Kamal and Rathri Mazha with Lenin Rajendran, which released after a long post-production delay, were box office failures.

More than a year later, she played the role of a playback singer in Rajeev Anchal's Paattinte Palazhy. Though the film was commercially not successful, her character was noted and her performance gave her a comeback. Her next film, Four Friends, was a multi-starrer directed by Saji Surendran. She played the role of a cancer patient in this film. In the 2011 film Mohabbat, she played the lead role opposite Anand Michael and Munna.

After a brief hiatus, she began committing films by late 2012. She was keen in choosing more women-centric roles and in Babu Janardhanan's Lisammayude Veedu, a sequel to the 2006 film Achanurangatha Veedu, her role was that of a serial rape victim. She acted opposite Mohanlal in Siddique's comedy film Ladies and Gentleman. Her latest project is Shajiyem's Ms. Lekha Tharoor Kanunnathu, a fantasy film. In 2014, she starred opposite Jayaram in Sugeeth's family film, Onnum Mindathe, but the film failed at the box office. She signed up for Ithinumappuram, a period film based in the 1970s, in which she plays a highly orthodox and rich Nair woman who falls in love with someone from a lower caste and gets married against her parents' will.

After that, she acted in the movie Mazhaneerthullikal directed by V. K. Prakash but the movie was not released. In 2016, she co-starred with Anoop Menon, Joju George and Kaniha in the crime thriller 10 Kalpanakal directed by Don Max, but the film was not a theatrical success. However, the film received rave reviews from critics and was praised for its script, direction and cast.

In 2018, Meera made a comeback after a gap of two years with a guest appearance in Kalidas Jayaram starrer Poomaram directed by Abrid Shine. After a long hiatus, in 2022 Meera joined hands with Sathyan Anthikad for a family entertainer 'Makal' alongside Jayaram. The film received decent reviews and Meera was praised for her subtle act.

Tamil, Telugu and Kannada
Meera Jasmine's Tamil debut was Run, directed by Lingusamy, which became a high success in Tamil Nadu and made her a sought-after actress. The success of Run and gave her the chance to work with the established actors of the Tamil film industry.Though her successive films did not fare as well, she was noticed by director Mani Ratnam who gave her a role in Aayutha Ezhuthu. She later appeared in N. Lingusamy's Sandakozhi and SS Stanley's Mercury Pookkal. Her latest Tamil film, Mambattiyan got released in December 2011.

Meera Jasmine became noted in the Telugu film industry with Run, the dubbed version of the same-titled Tamil film. She was seen in the Telugu films in 2004 with Ammayi Bagundi and Gudumba Shankar, also entered Kannada cinema by co-starring with Puneet Rajkumar in Maurya. Her Kannada film Arasu again with Puneet Rajkumar and Ramya was a hit. Her other Kannada films include Devaru Kotta Thangi and Ijjodu. Ijjodu, in which she played Chenni, a Basavi woman, who ends up becoming a sex worker, was screened at four prestigious domestic film festivals and garnered critical acclaim.

Meera Jasmine's biggest commercial success in Telugu remains Bhadra with Ravi Teja in the male lead. Her other Telugu films are Raraju, Maharadhi, Yamagola Malli Modalayindi, Gorintaku and Maa Ayana Chanti Pilladu, in which she is paired for a second time with Sivaji.

Personal life
In 2008, she said in an interview that she will be marrying Mandolin Rajesh, "but not for the next two or three years". Meera married to Anil John Titus on 9 February 2014 who works as an engineer in Dubai.

Controversy
In 2006, she offered prayers at Rajarajeshwara Temple at Taliparamba in Kerala where the entry of non-Hindus is prohibited. This led to a controversy and sparked off a protest by Hindu devotees. Later, she paid inr 10000 as penalty to the temple authorities to conduct the purification rituals.

In 2008, she faced an unofficial ban in the Malayalam film industry issued by the Association of Malayalam Movie Artists (AMMA), after she refused to shoot for Twenty:20, a film distributed by actor Dileep for AMMA. Meera however said that she was not aware of a ban and that she was continuing shooting for Malayalam films.

title: Meera Jasmine


text:
User:Halfpear~enwiki

Andreas XU

Chinese Name Xu Wei, Male, born in Feb. 27, 1974,

Nick Name : Halfpear

Join wikipedia on Feb. 2005.

Main Contributions on Wiki
&

He is also Webmaster of a blog site named "HIKERSBLOG"

title: User:Halfpear~enwiki