text:
Talk:Redwatch

Combat 18
Redwatch is a magazine and website produced by the British based Neo-Nazi group Combat 18 that displays photographs and information of its political opponents.
 * Combat 18? If illegal para-military groups had websites then they wouldn't last long (the group and the site).  Removing all mention of Combat 18 running this site. Jackliddle 23:15, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Lots of para-military groups have websites. FARC in Colombia is the first that springs to mind, but there are many more.

POV dispute
I have added the POV dispute tag for the following reasons:

 * Excessive quoting from Redwatch's own justification of themselves;
 * Little mention of any opposition to Redwatch but particularly from the TU and anti-fascist movements (Redwatch has been condemned by the TUC congress and the conferences of the teaching unions in particular);
 * No discussion of violent reprisals against people following their being listed on Redwatch (eg. the firebombing of a Leeds teacher's car).

Some discussion of "Noncewatch" (a subsection of Redwatch) would also not be amiss. 213.120.56.33 22:02, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Accuracy dispute 2005-08-02
As per the following history record:
 * 07:19, 2 August 2005 85.138.0.224 (highly slanted, biased, politicaly motivated, at least have the decency to note its disputed (highly))

The above reason cited by the above user is far too general. Looking at the page, it would appear that the information is adequately referenced. For these reasons I am removing the 'disputed' tag.

If "85.138.0.224" or anyone else wants to restore the disputed status, please provide specific reasons for doing so, in line with Wikipedia custom and practice and this page. 62.7.143.154 20:03, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

POV
deleted the following for contravention of NPOV:

, there is no way for them to enforce the ban because Redwatch do not disclose names of informers

then obviously this would apply to any organisation or political party, not just the BNP.

(Redzen 17:14, 13 October 2005 (UTC))

Neutrality
This part in particular isn't very neutral:

Noncewatch has largely backfired, with its mendacity bringing doubts about the accuracy of information on the rest of Redwatch and spawning its own nemesis Gomechewatch.

The page could do with a going through with an NPOV comb though :) - FrancisTyers 11:48, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

It is objectively true that much of the information on Redwatch is inaccurate and has even led to attacks against random individuals. Much of the information is incredibly poorly sourced and vague. It would be POV to assert otherwise. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Streona (talk • contribs) 23:45, 17 May 2008 (UTC)
 * You aren't allowed to include original research on Wikipedia. The above statement, presumably written by you, violates Wikipedia standards.JettaMann (talk) 23:19, 18 August 2008 (UTC)

This is a talk page. My source for saying that Redwatch is vague and inaccurate is Redwatch itself. Such items such as a photo of scruffy looking people carrying an SWP banner in Trafalgar Square several years ago with no notion of who any of them are is typical of the quality of information on Redwatch--Streona (talk) 12:45, 19 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Heh, if you want proof, just look at the picture they posted of some poor bugger wearing a Communist Party t-shirt. Humour (as well the most cursory understanding of, well, anything) never was the Nazis strongpoint.FrFintonStack (talk) 01:05, 12 December 2008 (UTC)

"However, Redwatch have been unable to provide details of any such websites or magazines." Redwatch was formed as a direct response to the details of "fascists" being published in searchlight magazine. This is stated several times on the website. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.17.126.221 (talk) 00:39, 23 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Uh, yeah, but the fact that an openly neo-Nazi website says something, particularly in an attempt to justify itself, doesn't make it true. As has been repetedly pointed out, Redwatch, and others making similar claims about Searchlight, never, ever, provide any actual examples of Searchlight having ever published any such information. It's a straightforward lie, as is almost everything else on their website. Go on, provide us with one single, solitary example of Searchlight having published the home address, telephone number, pictures or maps of the house, or car registration plate of a fascist activist, let alone an incitement to attack them. Go on. Just one.FrFintonStack (talk) 18:12, 13 December 2008 (UTC)

Canadian Redwatch
There is what now seems to be a Canadian Redwatch as well. Hosted on Blogger.

www.canadianredwatch.blogspot.com —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 86.139.34.47 (talk) 18:51, 25 January 2007 (UTC).

Project Judaism?
Why is this in Project Judaism? Of course, I know that neo-Nazis normally target Jews, but RedWatch is really to do with Communists and left-wingers rather than Jews. Does it post addresses of Jews online? If not, I think that this page should be removed from the category. Epa101 (talk) 22:58, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

Little of the content of Redwatch is directed against Jews, unless they are active anti-fascists. Bizarrely there are photographs of groups of unnamed anti-Zionist demonstrators even where the fascists have supported the demonstration. -Streona

This is realy an issue for the members of the wikiproject to decide, It they feel it relevant they should tag it. Pi  Talk  -  Contribs  19:57, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

Grammar
According to Searchlight Magazine, a Leeds teacher who complained about a notorious far right activist from Leeds called Tony White leafleting his school took his details and listed them on Redwatch, allegedly after the jailing of Tony White other far right supporters decided to firebomb his car as a reprisal.

I would just like to point out this sentence, which makes absolutely no sense. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.33.50.41 (talk) 23:50, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

Legal
''In January 2004, questions concerning the legality of the Redwatch website were raised in the House of Lords. Legal recourse against the website is limited because the site is hosted in the United States, where the site is protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.''

But that wouldn't to prevent the prosecution in the UK of any UK-based individual administering or adding material to the site. That defense has previously failed in both the UK and the US: see the recent Simon Sheppard (far-right activist) case.86.1.196.156 (talk) 01:34, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

hosting
If this were a book would we list its publisher? If so, we should mention the hosting service. --Heysan (talk) 04:47, 13 September 2009 (UTC)

Ghmyrtle extreme POV
Ghmyrtle is trying to cover up that the purported purpose of this website is anti-communism, and its linked site NonceWatch is about anti-peadophilia. Instead Ghmyrtle is insiting on Frankfurt School/Adorno-Marcuse/Orwellian newspeak that it is a "neo-Nazi" site. While the creators of the website are evidently connected to National Socialist groups, just as Searchlight are associated with Marxist groups, the actual content of this website, Redwatch, is specifically about anti-communism. Hence the name, Redwatch. All of the content and pages of this website focus on posting details and images of people associated with communist organisations, not a presentation of national socialism. Mention the British Peoples Party and Combat 18 connection, but until Searchlight article reads "neo-Bolshevik", we're going to have some neutrality here. - Yorkshirian (talk) 11:01, 23 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Redwatch may be about anti-communism and anti-leftism, but it's not about pædophiles. I've reverted your changes because you can't simply lump the two together; this smacks of trying to lay guilt by association and WP:POV-pushing.  As to whether using the term "neo-Nazi" is appropriate to describe the site, that's a bit out of my area of expertise, so I'll leave it to others here to discuss. —Psychonaut (talk) 11:29, 23 February 2010 (UTC)
 * I can't comment on the Redwatch site itself as no-one is permitted to access it without consenting to the statement - "By confirming this agreement and/or by looking at any of the information on this site you are agreeing that the material contained herein is not offensive in any way, nor could ever be construed to be so, nor could any material." - which clearly I'm unable to do. The "purported purpose" of the website is irrelevant anyway - what it says about itself is by definition POV. Ghmyrtle (talk) 11:31, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Psychonaut, Noncewatch which is interconnected with Redwatch and authored by the same people (to the extent of being part of the same entity... its interlinked in the Redwatch website) is about anti-peadophilia. The peadophila part is in relation to that, not those exposed in the communist part. Ghmyrtle, if you're unable to view the website then I suggest you're not qualified to edit an article about the nature and focus of its content to begin with. - Yorkshirian (talk) 11:41, 23 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Slight logic failure there on two counts, I suggest. Firstly, how can you agree that something is not offensive before you're allowed to see it?  Secondly, WP deals in what reputable sources say about article subjects, not what those subjects say about themselves.  Verifiability, not truth - as I'm quite sure you already know.  Ghmyrtle (talk) 11:54, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

 * If you're too offended to able research a topic, then obviously that would disqualify you from writing an encyclopedia article about it. While that certain is a loss for you and the POV position of your edit to this article, its not for those who can enter the site. In any case, you're been given an accurate desciption of the content above, which anybody else who is not afraid can verify. Redwatch is an anti-communist site, like it or not. That is the entire and sole purpose of its content, to expose information about what they claim are communists. No negation can be made. - Yorkshirian (talk) 12:06, 23 February 2010 (UTC)
 * So you say. And your source is.....??  Ghmyrtle (talk) 12:08, 23 February 2010 (UTC)
 * It seems that while Noncewatch is "interconnected" and shares the same authors, it's clearly distinct from Redwatch—otherwise, why the separate names? You yourself say that the "entire and sole purpose" of Redwatch is "anti-communism", so this article needn't mention pædophilia at all.  If Noncewatch is notable in its own right, then it should be made the subject of a separate article. —Psychonaut (talk) 12:15, 23 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Ghmyrtle, you can bypass the Redwatch usage agreement through this link: http://elvis.redwatch.org/index2.html I trust this will now allow you to browse the site in good conscience. —Psychonaut (talk) 12:20, 23 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Ghmyrtle doesn't seem to have followed it up, oh well. - Yorkshirian (talk) 11:51, 25 February 2010 (UTC)
 * I did follow up the link, which confirmed the broad validity of the summary that was set out in the article before Yorkshirian's latest set of reversions to his/her POV, today. For example, we have the following statement by the site's spokesperson: "As a National Socialist I admit that when we take power anyone who is opposed to, or has actively worked against, our Race and Nation's survival will be punished accordingly. People who betray something are traitors. We consider Marxists and Capitalists as traitors and they will face the people's courts someday to pay for their crimes."  That seems a bit stronger (and sillier) than simply "anti-communist", to the extent that such a description, as proposed by Yorkshirian, is clearly misleading.  Yorkshirian has been around long enough to know that his/her edits will be reverted in due course so that WP presents a neutral POV - so why not do it yourself?  Ghmyrtle (talk) 12:50, 25 February 2010 (UTC)

 * RedWatch do not "expose" capitalists on their website though do they? When they create a website called CapitalistWatch then we can take that into consideration. I don't have a personal POV in this area, as neither a Marxist internationalist nor an ethno-nationalist. My "POV" is that we must, without compromise, follow the rules and outlines of this project Wikipedia, right across the board with no exceptions—namely the WP:NPOV policy.

 * I'm not denying that National Socialists run this website, as the first post of this thread says. However anti-Communism, is the specific purpose of RedWatch in particular, not general National Socialism. What I am denying, is the attempts by people sympathetic to trade union leaders, Karl Marx and Leon Trotsky to mould articles to fall inline with their own ideological precepts and dogmatism, through Orwellian newspeak and emotional bias. Wikipedia is not pro-or-anti, it is not for us to state our opinion as to whether RedWatch's aims are a good thing or a bad thing. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, not an "anti" activist website. - Yorkshirian (talk) 17:16, 27 February 2010 (UTC)

Neutrality
I have had to edit a lot of this article since the agenda was clearly not objective. A lot of unrelated information was included which appeared to attack members of the far right. As the goals of Wikipedia are to report factual information with neutral agendas I feel this article was severely lacking. I felt the need to remove these unwanted slants, and the article may be expanded again but only with relevant information of neutrality. Criticism is of course allowed to feature in articles, but it should be clearly titled as such, and thoroughly referenced. I experienced far too much of the personal views of the writer and so have thus had to edit it. Alexandre8 (talk) 23:46, 10 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, the above editor's changes are themselves clearly non-neutral, Any significant changes to the article should be discussed here, with a view to achieving consensus.  I have reverted the changes made by Alexandre8.  Ghmyrtle (talk) 07:49, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Did some quick cleanup of statements that were pure opinion, unsubstantiated or simply false (Redwatch seems to be fairly regularly updated despite its design being stuck in the early 2000s so obviously the facts will change regarding what they do and do not link to or say). An Encyclopaedic article should not read like a political blog from either side of the argument, antifascist or neo-nazi. This page is hardly objective at best, libellous at worst. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.9.226.114 (talk) 19:07, 23 November 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Redwatch


text: Category:Volume

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Volume


text:
Eastern Shore League

The Eastern Shore Baseball League was a class D minor league baseball league that operated on the Delmarva Peninsula for parts of three different decades. The league's first season was in 1922 and the last was in 1949, although the years were not consecutive, and featured teams from Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia. The first incarnation lasted from 1922 to mid-1928 (disbanded in July), the second from 1937 to 1941, and the third from 1946 to 1949. Though the level of play was competitive and many future major leaguers gained experience in the ESBL, funding the league remained a constant problem for the rural franchises.

Future major leaguers who played in the ESBL include notables such as: Frank "Home Run" Baker, Mickey Cochrane, Jimmie Foxx, Mickey Vernon, and Don Zimmer.

The Eastern Shore Baseball Hall of Fame at Arthur W. Perdue Stadium in Salisbury, Maryland, pays homage to ESBL players and locals who made the major leagues. Perdue Stadium is the home of the class A Delmarva Shorebirds, an Orioles farm team.

Founding
The class D "Eastern Shore League" was started in 1922 using teams from the pre-existing Eastern Shore League, a group which had been playing baseball since the 1890s. The first meeting of the class D league was held on October 8, 1921, in Salisbury, Maryland where it was decided that the seven teams that completed the 1921 season would be joined by an eighth team for the 1922 season. The seven teams that completed the 1921 season were Cambridge, Crisfield, Laurel, Pocomoke City, Princess Anne, Salisbury, and Snow Hill. Four towns attended the meeting to seek expansion teams; Dover and Milford in Delaware, Berlin in Maryland, and Parksley in Virginia. Dover and Milford withdrew their request after it was decided that only one new team would be added for 1922. The Parksley team was nominated by Pocomoke City and the Berlin team by Snow Hill, with Berlin winning the vote 4 to 3. At this meeting, a $1,750 a month salary limit was put in place and it was decided to divide gate receipts 50/50 with a guarantee of at least $60 per game. It was also announced that three town, Berlin, Cambridge, and Princess Anne, would build new ballparks.

The Board of Directors met on October 22, 1921, and elected Walter B. Miller of Salisbury as the first President of the league. It was decided upon a 70-game schedule, five games at home and five games on the road, versus each team in the league for the 1922 season, with the final day being Labor Day. A general admission fee of 40 cents, including war tax, was set, and it was decided that each team should post an $875 guarantee by March 1, 1922, in order to assure the team would finish out the season. At this point, it was decided that having three teams in Worcester County would be too many. The director for each of the three teams, Berlin, Pocomoke City, and Snow Hill, volunteered for their team to withdraw. A vote was held and Snow Hill was eliminated, with the opening for the eighth team in the inaugural season being offered to Parksley, Virginia.

A meeting of Snow Hill residents was held shortly after where resolutions were passed protesting Snow Hill's removal from the league and it was reported that President Miller would call the Board of Directors back together to reconsider Snow Hill's removal. By early November, it was reported that the residents of Snow Hill were so angered by their team being removed from the 1922 season, there was concern of it affecting elections in Worcester County that fall, as Snow Hill residents stated they would not support any candidate from Pocomoke City due to the Pocomoke City delegation not supporting Snow Hill to remain in the league. This was refuted later, stating it was merely the opinion of a few young men in the heat of anger and the story had been spread to affect the election.

In mid-November, President Miller announced that the Eastern Shore League was admitted by the National Association of Professional Baseball Clubs and that arrangements were being made for the winner of the league to face the winner of the Blue Ridge League. By November 29, Snow Hill fans had threatened legal action, requesting an injunction to prevent the league from playing any scheduled games until Snow Hill was allowed to return to the league, saying that the league's organizational meeting was held at Snow Hill's suggestion. On December 13, it was announced that Princess Anne was dropping out of the league because it could not find an adequate location for a new ballpark at a reasonable price, and that the former ballpark at Washington High School was too small for the league. Speculation then began that Snow Hill may re-enter the league, that Princess Anne could be replaced by Milford or Dover in Delaware, or Easton, Maryland, who had been invited to the first meeting and declined, or that the league could contract and play as a six-team league for 1922, with Cambridge being mentioned as a possible contraction candidate. At a meeting on January 5, 1922, it was announced that the decision by Princess Anne to withdraw was final and the representative of the Berlin team offered to withdraw, since Berlin was the last team added to the league. The league accepted the withdrawal under the terms that if the league expanded to eight teams again, Berlin would be added back.

1922 Season
The opening game of the inaugural season was played on June 9, 1922, between the Laurel Blue Hens and Cambridge Canners in Laurel.

Cities represented

 * The Milford team disbanded on July 3, 1923
 * The Pocomoke City team disbanded on August 21, 1923

1922 to 1928
1925 Eastern Shore League schedule 1926 Eastern Shore League schedule 1927 Eastern Shore League schedule 1928 Eastern Shore League schedule No Player Statistics Available.

1937 to 1941
1937 Eastern Shore League schedule Finals: Salisbury 3 games, Centreville 2. 1938 Eastern Shore League schedule Finals: Salisbury 3 games, Cambridge 1. 1939 Eastern Shore League schedule Finals: Cambridge 4 games, Dover 2. 1940 Eastern Shore League 1940 Eastern Shore League schedule Finals: Salisbury 4 games, Milford 2. 1941 Eastern Shore League schedule Finals: Easton 4 games, Milford 3.

1946 to 1949
1946 Eastern Shore League schedule Finals: Centreville 4 games, Milford 1. 1947 Eastern Shore League schedule Finals: Seaford 4 games, Cambridge 3. 1948 Eastern Shore League schedule Finals: Milford 4 games, Cambridge 1. 1949 Eastern Shore League schedule Finals: Rehoboth Beach 4 games, Federalsburg 3.

Notable players

 * Sam Frock - Laurel - 1922 Player/Manager
 * John Thomas Kibler - Cambridge - 1922 Player/Manager

Selected bibliography

 * The Eastern Shore Baseball League by William Mowbray (1989) remains the most comprehensive source for ESBL history.
 * Mike Lambert has published the Eastern Shore League with Arcadia Publishing in April 2010.
 * Mike Lambert has published a second book "''Eastern Shore League Extra Innings" with Arcadia Publishing in April 2023.

title: Eastern Shore League


text:
Kraków Ghetto

The Kraków Ghetto was one of five major metropolitan Nazi ghettos created by Germany in the new General Government territory during the German occupation of Poland in World War II. It was established for the purpose of exploitation, terror, and persecution of local Polish Jews. The ghetto was later used as a staging area for separating the "able workers" from those to be deported to extermination camps in Operation Reinhard. The ghetto was liquidated between June 1942 and March 1943, with most of its inhabitants deported to the Belzec extermination camp as well as to Płaszów slave-labor camp, and Auschwitz concentration camp, 60 km rail distance.

Background
Before the German-Soviet invasion of 1939, Kraków was an influential centre for the 60,000–80,000 Polish Jews who had lived there since the 13th century. Persecution of the Jewish population of Kraków began immediately after the German troops entered the city on 6 September 1939 in the course of the German aggression against Poland. Jews were ordered to report for forced labour beginning in September 1939. In November, all Jews twelve years or older were required to wear identifying armbands. Throughout Kraków, synagogues were closed and all their relics and valuables confiscated by the Nazi authorities.

Kraków was made the capital of the General Government (the part of occupied Poland not directly incorporated into Germany), and by May 1940 the German occupation authority headed by the Governor-General Hans Frank announced that Kraków should become the “racially cleanest" city in the General Government. Massive deportations of Jews from the city ensued. Of the more than 68,000 Jews in Kraków at the time of the German invasion, only 15,000 workers and their families were permitted to remain. All other Jews were ordered out of the city, to be resettled into surrounding rural areas of the General Government.

Formation of the Kraków Ghetto
In April 1940, Hans Frank proposed the removal of 50,000 Jews from the city of Kraków. Frank's reason for removing Jews from the Jewish quarter was that the area "...will be cleansed and it will be possible to establish pure German neighborhoods..." within Kraków. From May 1940 to 15 August 1940, a voluntary expulsion program was enacted. Jews that chose to leave Kraków were allowed to take all of their belongings and relocate throughout the General-Government (Generalgouvernement). By 15 August 1940, 23,000 Jews had left Kraków. After this date, mandatory expulsions were enforced. On 25 November 1940, the Order for the Deportation of Jews from the Municipal District of Kraków was announced. This order declared that no more Jews were allowed into the city of Kraków, Jews residing in Kraków required a special permit, and locations outside of Kraków that Jews were forced to move to were chosen by authorities. Jews forced to leave were also only allowed to bring along 25 kg (62½ lbs.) of their belongings when they left. By 4 December 1940, 43,000 Jews were removed from Kraków, both voluntarily and involuntarily. Jews that were still residing in Kraków at this time were deemed "...economically useful..." and they had to obtain a residence permit that "...had to be renewed each month."

The following year, on 3 March 1941, the establishment of the Kraków Ghetto was ordered by Otto Wächter. The ghetto was to be set up in the Podgórze District of Kraków. Podgórze was chosen as the site of the ghetto instead of the traditional Jewish quarter, Kazimierz, because Hans Frank believed Kazimierz was more significant to the history of Kraków. Podgórze was a suburb of Kraków at the time. Wächter claimed that formation of the ghetto was necessary for public health and order. The Kraków ghetto was officially established on 20 March 1941. When relocating to the ghetto, Jews were only allowed to bring 25 kg of their belongings. The rest of their possessions were taken by the German Trust Office (Treuhandstelle). Some Jews were resettled to the nearby ghetto of Brzesko. All non-Jewish residents of the area were required to relocate in other districts by 20 March 1941.

The ghetto was guarded by the German police (Schutzpolizei), the Polish police (Blue Police), and the Jewish police (Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst – OD), but the only police force inside the ghetto was the Jewish police. With the formation of the ghetto, the OD had an office established at Józefińska Street 37 in Podgórze. In April 1941, the ghetto was enclosed by a wall made of barbed wire and stone; the stones used were designed to look like tombstones, but also included "...Jewish monuments and tombstones from the cemetery." The ghetto wall was constructed using Jewish forced labor. The ghetto was accessible by three entrances: one near the Podgórze Market, Limanowskiego Street, and the Plac Zgody. The Kraków Ghetto was a closed ghetto meaning that it was physically closed off from the surrounding area and access was restricted. Within other German-occupied areas, open ghettos and destruction ghettos existed. Movement in and out of the ghetto was restricted and Jews working outside of the ghetto had to have the proper documentation. Jews had to "...obtain the appropriate stamps for the Kennkarten [identification cards]..." from the Labor Office (Arbeitsamt).

The ghetto was populated by approximately 16,000 Jews when it was first formed. Before the ghetto was cordoned off, it was home to around 3,500 residents. The ghetto consisted of 320 buildings. To accommodate the density, apartments within the ghetto were divided on a 2m² per person basis or by a standard of three people to one window. The Jewish Council (Judenrat) was responsible for determining the new housing assignments. Within the Kraków ghetto, Yiddish was the official language, not Polish. On 1 December 1939, an order was announced mandating that all Jews within the General Government wear an armband identifying them as Jewish. The white armbands with the blue Star of David were still required once Jews were moved into the ghetto.

On 15 October 1941, the Third Decree of the General Governor's was enacted. This decree stated that Jews found outside "...their designated residential area will be punished with death." The punishment also applied to anyone found aiding Jews. The decree applied to all residents within the General Government.

On 28 November 1941, the area that encompassed the ghetto was reduced. The population of the Kraków Ghetto increased because Nazis required the Jewish residents of 29 nearby villages to move to the ghetto. The size of the ghetto was reduced again in June 1942. The reductions in the size of the ghetto were associated with the deportation of Jews, including deportations to the Bełżec extermination camp. When apartments that were no longer included in the ghetto were vacated, possessions were stolen and the units were reassigned. The Municipal Housing Office was responsible for these apartments.

In December 1942. the Kraków ghetto was divided into two parts: Ghetto "A" and Ghetto "B." Ghetto "A" was intended for people that were working and Ghetto "B" was for everyone else. This division was planned with future liquidations of the ghetto in mind.

Ghetto history
The Kraków Ghetto was formally established on 3 March 1941 in the Podgórze district and not, as often believed, in the historic Jewish district of Kazimierz. Displaced Polish families from Podgórze took up residences in the former Jewish dwellings outside the newly established ghetto. Meanwhile, 15,000 Jews were crammed into an area previously inhabited by 3,000 people who used to live in a district consisting of 30 streets, 320 residential buildings, and 3,167 rooms. As a result, one apartment was allocated to every four Jewish families, and many less fortunate lived on the street.

The ghetto was surrounded by the newly built walls that kept it separated from the rest of the city. In a grim foreshadowing of the near future, these walls contained brick panels in the shape of tombstones. All windows and doors that opened onto the "Aryan" side were ordered to be bricked up. Only four guarded entrances allowed traffic to pass in or out. Small sections of the wall still remain today, one part is fitted with a memorial plaque, which reads "Here they lived, suffered and perished at the hands of Hitler's executioners. From here they began their final journey to the death camps."

Young people of the Akiva youth movement, who had undertaken the publication of an underground newsletter, HeHaluc HaLohem ("The Fighting Pioneer"), joined forces with other Zionists to form a local branch of the Jewish Fighting Organization (ŻOB, Polish: Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa), and organize resistance in the ghetto, supported by the Polish underground Armia Krajowa. The group carried out a variety of resistance activities including the bombing of the Cyganeria cafe – a gathering place of Nazi officers. Unlike in Warsaw, their efforts did not lead to a general uprising before the ghetto was liquidated.

From 30 May 1942 onward, the Nazis began systematic deportations from the Ghetto to surrounding concentration camps. Thousands of Jews were transported in the succeeding months as part of the Aktion Krakau headed by SS-Oberführer Julian Scherner. Jews were assembled on Zgody Square first and then escorted to the railway station in Prokocim. The first transport consisted of 7,000 people, the second, of additional 4,000 Jews deported to Bełżec death camp on 5 June 1942. On 13–14 March 1943, the final 'liquidation' of the ghetto was carried out under the command of SS-Untersturmführer Amon Göth. Two thousand Jews deemed able to work were transported to the Płaszów labor camp. Those deemed unfit for work – some 2,000 Jews – were killed in the streets of the ghetto on those days with the use of "Trawniki men" police auxiliaries. The remaining 3,000 were sent to Auschwitz.

Jewish Council (Judenrat) of the Kraków Ghetto
A 24-person Jewish board was formed in the city of Kraków and later in the Krakow Ghetto, when the ghetto was formed on March 3, 1941. This Jewish Council was in charge of the inhabitants of the ghetto but received many orders from local Nazi officials, even though it retained some degree of autonomy. Some of its functions included overseeing labor and welfare, conducting a census and taxing the population.

Cultural life
Cultural life in the Kraków Ghetto was bleak and dangerous for the Jewish population. Each day dragged on, consistently becoming harder and harder to tolerate and survive. There was not much for the Jews to live for. The mood was somber, spirits were low, and the majority of the ghetto's inhabitants remained hopeless.

Jews in the Kraków ghetto were required to wear a Star of David on their arm, identifying them as being Jewish, which led to the revoking of most rights. A curfew was implemented that stripped Jews of many opportunities to participate in the cultural life. As time went on, Jews needed to obtain permits in order to enter and exit the ghetto, robbing them of any freedom they felt they had left at this point. Even though the Jews were unable to participate in certain areas of cultural life in the Kraków ghetto, “various cultural and religious activities continued within the ghetto." Although the practice of religion was banned, that did not stop those in the Kraków ghetto from praying and staying true to Judaism. At least three synagogues or other religious facilities were still in use that served as a place for the Jews to go to and pray. There was also a café where artists played live music within the ghetto, which proved to be instrumental in keeping Jews' spirits up. Finally, there was a ghetto pharmacy, which was a place where people could go to discuss problems, read underground and official newspapers and learn the realities of what was happening and what atrocities they were living through. Numerous songs were created by those living in the ghetto, serving three major purposes: “documentation of ghetto life, a diversion from reality, and the upholding of tradition.” These songs portrayed their immense suffering coupled with their dedication and determination to survive. Some of the most popular lyrics are “Me hot zey in dr’erd, me vet zey iberlebn, me vet noch derlebn” (“To hell with them, we will survive them, we will yet survive”), conveying and sharing the feelings of the Jewish people through music. Laughter, which was a rarity in the Kraków ghetto, was another way numerous victims attempted to cope with their strong hatred for the enemy. Sometimes prisoners performed ghetto songs, while other times small groups performed them with various instruments. Street songs are a sub-genre of ghetto music with four dominant themes: hunger, corrupt administration, hope for freedom and a call for revolt. Music has always been a traditional and important aspect of both Jewish holidays and Jewish home life more generally. The prisoners in the Kraków Ghetto did their best to keep this tradition alive, especially during Passover and Yom Kippur. Although music brought some comfort to many, suicide rates were significantly higher among the musicians than other camp workers. Many of the musicians were forced to watch the murder of their families and friends due to the Nazi's insistence that the prisoner-musicians play music while the other prisoners were marched to the gas chambers.

Aleksander Kulisiewicz was an aspiring musician who did his best to “collect, compose, and perform songs” while living in the ghetto even though it was illegal to do so. Inmates in the Kraków ghetto worked 12-hour days that left them more exhausted than imaginable. In order to pass the time, songs were sung throughout the work day.

Mordechai Gebirtig, who is “known for his beautiful and prescient songs and poems” in Yiddish emerged from the Kraków ghetto. His song “Our Town Is Burning” which was written in 1938 became “one of the most popular songs in the ghettos and concentration camps." Unfortunately, Gebirtig was shot and killed in the Kraków ghetto.

Another individual who was in the Kraków ghetto was Roman Polanski, who became a famous film director upon his survival of the Holocaust. Polanski eventually directed a film that told the story of the musician Władysław Szpilman who survived the Holocaust.

In order to pass time while trapped in these horrendous conditions, a lot of Jewish children in the Kraków ghetto played the violin and any other instruments they had access to.

Music proved to be an instrumental aspect of cultural life in the Kraków ghetto that aided in keeping the spirits of Jews up as much as possible during such low and awful times.

Organized resistance
The Kraków Jewish underground resistance existed from 1942 to late 1943, and stemmed from youth groups such as Akiva. The two groups that formed were Iskra and Hahalutz Halochem, or the Fighting Organization of the Jewish youth. Despite ultimately focusing on more classical armed resistance actions, they originally focused on providing support for education and welfare organizations within the ghetto. Eventually establishing a magazine, the groups initially focused on working with the Polish Underground and the Communist Partia Robotnicza (PPR). They ultimately planned for action against the Nazis. The Resistance conducted demonstrations against several Nazi-frequented institutions, including café Cyganeria, café Esplanada, and a theater. Additionally, the Polish Underground group also aided the Jews with a program called Żegota.

Initially, rather than aligning with either communist or Zionist groups, the Iskra Resistance group aimed solely at combating and destroying the Nazis. From the outset, Iskra's inaugural members were Heszek Bauminger, Shlomo Sh., and eventually Gola Mire. Heszek Bauminger fought for the Polish army at the beginning of the war, and despite participating in the Social Zionist Hashomer Hatzair group, he moved his allegiances to communism. Gola Mire – another Hatzair former member – became involved in the Polish Communist Party. Accordingly, Iskra worked in conjunction with the communist Polish Workers' Party division – Gwardia Ludowa – in an armed initiative. Specifically, German armed forces were the target of Iskra. Further, Resistance in the Kraków ghetto decided to attack the “Aryan” portion of the city rather than fight a futile war from within. To strengthen itself, Iskra merged with Hahalutz Halochem – thus mixing communist leanings with a Zionist group and subsequently forming the Jewish fighting Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa; ZOB) Despite the similarity in name this ZOB was independent from the ZOB involved in Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

Historians will argue that the youth movements involved had significant, but realistic aims. It is suggested that Nazi intentions were evident to the youth and they consequently decided to fight the Nazis vision, even though they knew success would be limited. Significantly, composed of members of the Akiva Zionist youth movement, Hahalutz Halochem worked with Iskra along with communist to stage the Cyganeria bombing. Aligning with Hahalutz Halochem motivated Akiva to transition to armed resistance.

Furthermore, the underground movements published a paper called “Hechalutz Halochem” which was edited by Simon Dranger. This paper served to combat the German work of “Zydowska Gazeta”; this was an underground work which attempted to conceal the Nazis' genocidal aims and thus stem any opposition.

Cyganeria Bombing
The Cyganeria Bombing is one of the more discussed attacks conducted by the Kraków Resistance movements. It was one of a series of attacks in a retaliatory response to the implementation of mass deportations. Prior to Cyganeria, attacks occurred at the Optima factory and the Cosmo Club – the Cosmo Club attack killed several Nazi elites. Furthermore, three attacks were planned for Dec. 24, 1942: Cyganeria Café, Esplanada Café, Sztuka theater, and an officers’ club. Ultimately, the Hahalutz Halochem and Iskra resistance groups bombed Cyganeria on December 22 and killed from 7 to 70 Germans and injured many others. The attack at the theater was relatively unsuccessful due to poor planning and a refusal to harm innocent Poles in attendance; however, Esplanada Café and the Officers’ club attacks were successful.

The relative success of the Resistance groups was hindered by Julek Appel and Natek Waisman who betrayed the resistance. Hahalutz Halochem was quickly subdued by the Nazis – due to Appel and Waisman – but better security habits protected Iskra for a limited time. Additionally, two key resistance members – Adolf Liebeskind and Tennenbaum – died in the attack. Finally, following the Cyganeria Café attack, weapons, various currencies, and enemy uniforms were found by the Gestapo. The Gestapo sent a message to Nazi elites via SS-Obergruppenfüher Wolff and Reichsfüher Himmler. Lucien Steinberg, the author of Jews Against Hitler, argues that this communicated the attack's significance to Hitler.

Publicly the identity of the attacks perpetrators were not revealed and it was rumored to be the Polish Underground or the Soviets. Regarding the Jews who carried out the attack, they were disguised as Poles. This reflected a concern, within Hahalutz Halochem, of Nazi retaliation against the ghetto if the Jews were implicated.

Religious resistance
Additionally, Jews in the Kraków Ghetto participated in a form of religious resistance by continuing to practice Judaism in secret. This succeeded through the safeguard of the Jewish police.

The Righteous Gentiles
The only pharmacy enclosed within the Kraków Ghetto boundary belonged to the Polish Roman Catholic pharmacist Tadeusz Pankiewicz, permitted by the German authorities to operate his "Under the Eagle Pharmacy" there upon his request. The scarce medications and tranquillizers supplied to the ghetto's residents often free of charge – apart from health-care considerations – contributed to their survival. Pankiewicz passed around hair dyes to Jews compelled to cross the ghetto walls illegally. In recognition of his heroic deeds in helping countless Jews in the ghetto during the Holocaust, he was bestowed the title of the Righteous among the Nations by Yad Vashem on February 10, 1983. Pankiewicz is the author of a book describing, among other events, the ghetto liquidation.

The list of several dozen Polish Righteous from Kraków, includes Maria and Bronisław Florek who lived at Czyżówka Street and saved Goldberger and Nichtberger families. Notably, Maria Florek smuggled forged identity papers procured at the Emalia Factory of Oskar Schindler (without his awareness), for the Jews hiding on the 'Aryan side' of Kraków. Władysław Budyński, who provided help without remuneration even to complete strangers, ended up marrying a Jewish girl, Chana Landau in 1943, but they were caught by Gestapo in 1944 and deported to different concentration camps. Both survived, reunited in Kraków, and in 1969 emigrated to Sweden. Polish gynaecologist Dr Helena Szlapak turned her home at Garbarska Street into a safe house for trafficked Jews and distribution of falsified documents as well as secret messages and storage of photographs from Auschwitz. She collaborated with Żegota, attended to sick Jews in hiding and placed them in hospitals under false identities.

Żegota
Żegota also had prominence in Kraków. The goal of Żegota was to aid the Jews on a day-to-day basis – rather than aiming for an overall solution. Zegota provided opportunity with false documents, doctors for healthcare, money, and several other pivotal resources and aid for the Jews.

In Zegota, historians assert that Polish – Jewish relations were strong before the war, and Żegota became involved to strengthen the organically arising aid. Moreover, led by Stanislaw Dobrowolski, food, medicine, funds, and means for escape were provided. Several Żegota members – Jozefa Rysinska, Mieczyslaw Kurz, Tadeusz Bilewicz, Zygmunt Kuzma, and Ada Prochnicka – facilitated transport of supplies and overall aid in the camps.

Notable people
Movie director Roman Polanski, a survivor of the ghetto, in his 1984 memoir Roman evoked his childhood experiences there before the mass deportations of Operation Reinhard in Kraków. "My own feeling – Polański wrote – was that if only one could explain to them that we had done nothing wrong, the Germans would realize that it all was a gigantic misunderstanding."

Many years later, Roma Ligocka, Polish artist and author, and a first cousin to Roman Polański who, as a small girl, was rescued and survived the ghetto, wrote a novel based on her experiences, The Girl in the Red Coat: A Memoir. She is mistakenly thought to be portrayed in the film Schindler's List. The scene, however, was constructed on the memories of Zelig Burkhut, survivor of Plaszow (and other work camps). When being interviewed by Spielberg before the making for the film, Burkhut told of a young girl wearing a pink coat, no older than four, who was shot by a Nazi officer right before his eyes. Oskar Schindler was portrayed in the Thomas Keneally novel Schindler's Ark (the basis for Steven Spielberg's film Schindler's List). In an especially dramatic event, 300 of Schindler's workers were deported to the Auschwitz death camp despite his efforts, and he personally intervened to return them to him.

Other notable people include Mordechai Gebirtig, who was one of the most influential and popular writers of Yiddish songs and poems. He was shot there in 1942. Miriam Akavia, an Israeli writer, survived the Kraków ghetto and concentration camps. Renowned dermatologist and co-discoverer of Reyes Syndrome, Dr Jim Jacob Baral was also a Kraków Ghetto survivor; his mother pushed him and his brother Martin under the barbed wire to hide at the home of a Polish rescuer who took them to Bochnia where their mother and sister joined them later. Bernard Offen, born in 1929 in Kraków survived the ghetto and several Nazi concentration camps.

Second lieutenant Jerzy Zakulski, an attorney, and member of the National Armed Forces (Narodowe Siły Zbrojne, NSZ) in German-occupied Kraków was sentenced to death by Stalinist officials and executed in Soviet-controlled postwar Poland on trumped-up charges of being an enemy spy. A Jewish Holocaust survivor from Kraków, Maria Błeszyńska née Bernstein, attempted to save Zakulski's life in gratitude for his rescue of her and her daughter during the Holocaust; however, she was unsuccessful. The certified letter she sent to the Regional Military Court in Warsaw was thrown out, along with the plea for presidential mercy.

Zuzanna Ginczanka and her husband left the Lvov ghetto for the Kraków ghetto in September 1942. She was arrested and shot in a prison in January 1945.

In 1940 Edward Mosberg, at the time 14 years old, and his immediate family, grandparents, cousins, and aunt were moved into one small apartment in the Kraków Ghetto. In 1942, his grandmother, aunts, and cousins were deported from it to Belzec concentration camp in German-occupied Poland. In 1943, the Kraków Ghetto was liquidated, and the remaining Mosberg family was moved to the Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp in Płaszów just south of Kraków, a Nazi concentration camp operated by the SS, which had been constructed on the grounds of two former Jewish cemeteries.

title: Kraków Ghetto


text:
Günnigfeld

Günnigfeld is a district of Bochum, a city in the Ruhr area of North Rhine-Westphalia, western Germany. Günnigfeld belongs to the Stadtbezirk (district of a town) of Wattenscheid, Germany, which was a town until 1974 and is now part of Bochum. Günnigfeld is the northernmost part of Wattenscheid.

The population used to speak Westphalian, but now High German is the norm.

It used to be the site of the regional association of the National Democratic Party of Germany, a party of the extreme right and formerly the site of the national headquarters of the NPD's youth organization.

The football team (a fusion between DJK Westfalia and Union 1911) of Günnigfeld, the VfB Günnigfeld, plays in the Bezirksliga. Willi Schulz, Niko Bungert and Mike Terranova started their career in Günnigfeld.

title: Günnigfeld


text: Category:High schools in Quebec

title: Category:High schools in Quebec


text:
User:Moog1

ddw

title: User:Moog1


text:
User talk:Moog1

wwwq

NO--Bluejean 03:40, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

Naple's Plague
Hi! Welcome to Wikipedia. You created this stub a while back. What is your source? I know of no materials on this particular plague, although I guess it could be related to the movement of Crusaders during that time period. If so, the causal agent could be typhoid. Thank you. WBardwin 00:24, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Moog1


text: User talk:70.241.23.115

title: User talk:70.241.23.115


text: Category:Tourist attractions in Tyne and Wear


text:
T7

T7 or T-7 may refer to:

Biology

 * Thoracic vertebra 7
 * Thoracic spinal nerve 7
 * T7 phage, a virus used in the study of biological systems
 * T7 DNA Helicase, a hexameric motor protein
 * T7 RNA polymerase, an RNA polymerase that catalyzes the formation of RNA

Transport

 * Île-de-France tramway Line 7
 * Olympic Park Line, a service of Sydney Trains
 * Twin Jet's IATA airline code
 * T7 Bristol–Chepstow, a bus route in the United Kingdom
 * T7 road (Tanzania), a road in Tanzania

Vehicles

 * T-7 (rocket), China's first sounding rocket
 * Boeing T-7 Red Hawk, an American advanced jet trainer aircraft
 * Fuji T-7, a Japanese primary trainer aircraft
 * Yugoslav torpedo boat T7
 * T7 Armored Car, a prototype vehicle for the US Army
 * T7 Combat Car, a prototype vehicle for the US Army
 * T-7 Navigator or Beechcraft Model 18, a trainer aircraft used by the United States armed forces
 * T7, a model of the OS T1000 train of the Oslo Metro
 * LSWR T7 class, an experimental 4-2-2-0 steam locomotive built in 1897

Other uses

 * 2C-T-7, a hallucinogenic phenethylamine
 * 7T (disambiguation)
 * T7, television station in Kosovo
 * Tekken 7, a 2015 fighting game
 * T-Seven or Judith Hildebrandt, a singer and former member of Mr. President
 * A tornado intensity rating on the TORRO scale

title: T7


text:
Naples Plague (1656)

The Naples Plague was an epidemic of plague in the Kingdom of Naples, lasting from 1656 to 1658. The epidemic affected mostly Central Italy and Southern Italy, killing up to 1,250,000 people throughout the Kingdom of Naples according to some estimates.

In the city of Naples alone, approximately 150,000–200,000 people died in 1656 due to the plague, accounting for more than half of the population. The epidemic had a severe impact on the economic and social structure of Naples and some other affected areas.

History
In the 1640s, Spain experienced some serious plague outbreaks, such as Great Plague of Seville, which possibly came from Algiers. The plague spread to Sardinia (possibly from Spain or other European countries) in 1652, arriving in Naples in April 1656, and then spread to most part of southern Italy where the Kingdom of Naples was located. Only Sicily and parts of Calabria and Apulia were not affected.

To the north, the plague reached Rome in June 1656, and then affected most of the Papal State. The plague reached Umbria and Marche, but did not affect the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. It did, however, spread by sea to Liguria.

It came to a stop by forcible quarantine of the poorer districts, and the efforts of Martinus Ludheim, a visiting German physician from Bavaria. Santa Maria del Pianto was built to commemorate it in 1657.

Death toll
It is estimated that the plague may have claimed up to 1,250,000 lives throughout the Kingdom of Naples, making it one of the deadliest epidemics in history. In Naples alone, around 150,000–200,000 people died in 1656, which accounted for at least half of the local population. In Barletta, 7,000–12,000 people died, out of the original 20,000 population.

Outside the Kingdom of Naples, in Rome (capital of the Papal State), around 23,000 people (or 19% of the local population) perished. In Genoa, approximately 60,000 people died due to the epidemic, accounting for 60% of the local population.

title: Naples Plague (1656)


text:
Coat of arms of Georgia

The coat of arms of Georgia is one of the national symbols of Georgia. The coat of arms is partially based on the medieval arms of the Georgian royal house and features Saint George, the traditional patron saint of Georgia. In addition to St. George, the original proposal included additional heraldic elements found on the royal seal, such as the seamless robe of Jesus, but this was deemed excessively religious and was not incorporated into the final version.

Official description
''The State coat of arms of Georgia is a heraldic shield, on its pupure field is depicted a silver rider on a silver horse and with a silver spear ending with a golden cross, Saint George with a golden halo, striking a silver dragon. The shield is crowned with the Iverian (Georgian) crown. The supporters are two golden lions, standing on a compartment of stylized grape vine ornament. The compartment is embellished with a silver-purple motto ribbon (face is silver, back is purple). On the silver field of the ribbon with black Mkhedruli letters is written the motto "ძალა ერთობაშია" ("Strength is in unity"). On the ribbon, in the beginning and the end of the inscription, are depicted purpure heraldic crosses.''

Although the shield is officially described as purpure, it is often depicted as red.

Former coats of arms
This coat of arms was in use by the Democratic Republic of Georgia throughout its existence in 1918–1921. Though the use of Saint George as Georgia's patron saint was by then a long tradition, there were some discussions about other possibilities, the major one being Amiran, as the symbol of Georgia's fight for freedom from the Russian Empire. However, a decision was then made in favor of Saint George. Restored in a different guise in 1991, this coat of arms was replaced by the current one in 2004. Strictly speaking, this arms is a national emblem, as unlike the current arms, it does not follow heraldic rules.
 * 1918–1921 and 1991–2004:

Before 1917, when Georgia was part of the Russian Empire, the Georgian coat of arms appeared on the Greater Coat of Arms of the Russian Empire, as part of the coat of arms of Caucasus. It showed then as the center inescutcheon, and read as follows:
 * 1801–1917:

Or, with an image of Saint George Martyr the Victorious in complete armour Azur with a cross on his breast, with a flying cloak Gules, riding a horse Sable in full gallop, the latter covered with a horse cloth Gules, fringed Or, trampling upon a crawling serpent Vert, winged Sable, eyed and tongued Gules, whose head is pierced by the saint's spear Gules.

Coats of arms were mostly those of the Bagrationi, who claimed to have King David among their ancestors, and included such elements as King David's lyra and sling, or the Holy Tunic.
 * Before 1801:

title: Coat of arms of Georgia


text:
Bochum-Linden

Bochum-Linden is a district of the City of Bochum in the Ruhr area in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. The population's main language was once Westphalian, but it has since been replaced by High German. Bochum-Linden is located in the south west of Bochum, between Dahlhausen and Stiepel. It shares a border with Hattingen, a city of Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis.

title: Bochum-Linden


text:
Fontfroide Abbey

Fontfroide Abbey (Abbaye Sainte-Marie de Fontfroide; Fons frigidus) is a former Cistercian monastery in France, situated 15 kilometers south-west of Narbonne near to the Spanish border.

It was founded in 1093 by Aimery I, Viscount of Narbonne, but remained poor and obscure, and needed to be re-founded by Ermengarde, Viscountess of Narbonne. In 1144 it affiliated itself to the Cistercian reform movement. Shortly afterwards the Count of Barcelona gave it the land in Spain that was to form the great Catalan monastery of Poblet, of which Fontfroide counts as the mother house, and in 1157 the Viscountess Ermengard of Narbonne granted it a great quantity of land locally, thus securing its wealth and status. The abbey fought together with Pope Innocent III against the heretical doctrine of the Cathars who lived in the region. The Black Death, which reached Narbonne in 1348, decimated almost the entire community.

It was dissolved in 1791 in the course of the French Revolution.

It was re-founded in 1858 by monks from Sénanque Abbey. In 1901, because of the French legal changes, the community was driven out of France and went into exile in Spain: the abbey was abandoned. The premises, which are of very great architectural interest, passed into private hands in 1908, when the artists Gustave and Madeleine Fayet d'Andoque bought it to protect the fabric of the buildings from an American collector of sculpture. They restored it over a number of years and used it as a centre for artistic projects.

It still remains in private hands. Today wine is produced here of the AOC Corbières quality under the French appellations system. It also has a small working farm, bookstore and restaurant and takes paying guests.

title: Fontfroide Abbey


text:
IRIS Sabalan (73)

Sabalan is an Alvand-class frigate of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy. She was launched in 1969.

Commissioned in June 1972 as part of a four-ship order, the Sabalan was originally named IIS Rostam, after Rostam, a legendary hero in the Shahnameh. It was renamed after the Islamic revolution after Sabalan, the Iranian mountain.

Service history
During the Iran–Iraq War, the warship became infamous for attacks against the crews of unarmed and often neutral tankers and other merchant ships. Before these attacks, Sabalan's captain would often board the ships and pretend to carry out a friendly inspection, sometimes even dining with the ship's master. Then he would open fire on the ship, sometimes aiming at the ship's bridge and living spaces. Often, the captain would radio his victims "Have a nice day" as Sabalan departed. These actions earned the captain the nickname "Captain Nasty".

Following the spillover of the conflict onto the Persian Gulf, the United States deployed warships in 1987 and 1988 to protect reflagged Kuwaiti shipping in the Persian Gulf. During the convoy operations, dubbed Operation Earnest Will, an Iranian mine severely damaged a U.S. frigate. U.S. forces mounted a one-day retaliation called Operation Praying Mantis. The operation's objectives were to destroy two Iranian oil platforms used for drilling and attack coordination and one unspecified Iranian warship.

On the morning of April 18, 1988, the oil platforms were knocked out. The U.S. forces then turned to look for Iranian frigates in the Strait of Hormuz, which joins the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf. Sabalan's sister frigate IRANIAN FRIGATE Sahand was identified by aircraft from the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (CVN-65) and drawn into a fatal engagement. Another group of A-6 Intruders was sent to the reported location of Sabalan in the strait, where the Sabalan fired at the A-6s at 6.17 p.m. (Gulf time).

At 6.18 p.m., an A-6 dropped a Mk-82 500 pound laser-guided bomb, which left Sabalan paralyzed and on fire. At the Pentagon, Defense Secretary Frank Carlucci, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs Adm. William J. Crowe Jr., and U.S. Central Command head Gen. George B. Crist monitored the situation. After discussion, the men decided to spare the moribund Sabalan, perhaps to prevent further escalation.

Iranian forces towed the damaged ship to the port of Bandar Abbas, and it was eventually repaired and returned to service.

In January 2014 Sabalan and IRANIAN SHIP Kharg, a supply ship capable of carrying helicopters, set off from Bandar Abbas, on a reported three-month mission to the United States maritime borders. The mission was described by an Iranian admiral as a response to the ongoing presence of the United States Fifth Fleet, which is based in Bahrain, across the Persian Gulf. However, the trip to the Atlantic Ocean never happened and was called off in April 2014.

It was reported by the Iranian Navy commander in October 2023 that Sabalan has been equipped with 12 anti-ship missiles.

title: IRIS Sabalan (73)


text:
Stirling (UK Parliament constituency)

Stirling was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished. From the 2024 general election, it will be reformed as Stirling and Strathallan and expanded into Strathallan in Perth and Kinross council.

Boundaries
1983–1997: The Stirling District electoral divisions of Airthrey, Bannockburn, Castle, Dounebraes, Menteith, Queensland, St Ninians, Strathendrick, Viewforth, and Wallace.

1997–2005: The Stirling District electoral divisions of Bannockburn, Castle, Dounebraes, Menteith, Queensland, St Ninians, Strathendrick, Viewforth, and Wallace.

2005–2024: The Stirling council area.

The constituency covered the whole of the Stirling council area. Most of the area is rural, which has tended to vote Conservative, but there are some large towns in the East, most notably Stirling itself, which used to vote Labour, but has now moved towards SNP. A similar constituency, also called Stirling, is used by the Scottish Parliament.

History
The area covered by the modern constituency was first represented in the British House of Commons in consequence of the Act of Union 1707 in 1708. The county town of Stirling was represented as part of Stirling Burghs and the county was represented by Stirlingshire, each returning one member.

In 1918, Stirling Burghs was abolished and Stirling was then represented by the Stirling & Falkirk Burghs and from 1974 Stirling, Falkirk & Grangemouth constituencies. Along with Clackmannanshire the county was meanwhile represented by Clackmannan and Eastern Stirlingshire and Stirling and Clackmannan Western (later Stirlingshire West).

A modern constituency of Stirling was established in 1983. In 2005 the west portion of Ochil was moved into Stirling.

Constituency profile
The seat was large, in Central Scotland and covered the Stirling council area.

Its population was concentrated around the historic City of Stirling and surrounding areas of Bannockburn, Bridge of Allan and Dunblane on its eastern fringes around the River Forth and its lower tributaries. This area consisted of a mixture of Conservative-leaning suburbs to the north and west, such as Bridge of Allan and Dunblane and the Stirling suburbs of Cambusbarron, Kings Park and Torbrex, and somewhat more secessionist and poorer SNP or Labour-voting areas such as Raploch and south-east Stirling, in addition to Bannockburn, and the villages of Cowie, Fallin and Plean south-east of the city.

Boundaries stretched up to the west following the Valleys of the River Forth and Teith, running up into the wooded glens of the Trossachs on the eastern side of the Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park, such as the more sparsely populated eastern shore of Loch Lomond, and it contained a variety of freshwater lochs, such as Loch Katrine and Loch Venachar.

A number of small villages dot the corridors of the A84, A85 and A811 roads, including Callander, widely recognised as the gateway to the Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park, and more widely as the gateway to the Scottish Highlands. These scenic areas have proven especially rich territory for successful Conservative candidates and campaigns, hosting many retirees and wealthy investors.

Voting patterns
When the Stirling constituency was first created for the 1983 general election, combining northern elements of the West Stirlingshire constituency with the town of Stirling from the Stirling, Falkirk and Grangemouth constituency and southern elements of the old Kinross and West Perthshire constituency it was thought of as a fairly safe Conservative seat, with Michael Forsyth winning the seat with a majority of 5,133 votes. It became a tight Labour-Conservative marginal in 1987, and again in 1992, being retained by Michael Forsyth with less than 1,000 votes at both elections.

Labour gained Stirling as part of their landslide victory in 1997, then held the seat and it's coterminous constituency of Stirling in the Scottish Parliament, usually with a majority of over 10% of the vote; until the SNP's breakthrough ten years later in 2007. Stirling remained under Labour's control at the 2010 general election; however, it was gained by Steven Paterson of the Scottish National Party in what was landslide victory for the SNP across Scotland in 2015. More recently, the Conservative Party have made gains in the area, coming second in the overlapping constituency of Stirling in the Scottish Parliament, and taking more votes than the SNP at the 2017 Stirling Council election. At the 2017 general election, Stephen Kerr of the Conservatives defeated Paterson by a narrow majority of 148 votes, becoming the first elected Conservative MP for Stirling in 25 years. Kerr was subsequently defeated by Alyn Smith in 2019.

Stirling voted against Scottish independence in 2014 on an above-average margin of 59.8% "No" 40.2% "Yes". At the European Union membership referendum on 23 June 2016, an above-average margin of 67.7% of the electorate in Stirling voted for the United Kingdom to remain a member of the European Union with 32.3% voting for the United Kingdom to leave the European Union.

Elections of the 2010s
This was the largest increase in the SNP's vote share at the 2019 general election.

title: Stirling (UK Parliament constituency)


text:
Pope Innocent

Pope Innocent may refer to:
 * Pope Innocent I (401–417)
 * Pope Innocent II (1130–1143)
 * Pope Innocent III (1198–1216)
 * Pope Innocent IV (1243–1254)
 * Pope Innocent V (1276)
 * Pope Innocent VI (1352–1362)
 * Pope Innocent VII (1404–1406)
 * Pope Innocent VIII (1484–1492)
 * Pope Innocent IX (1591)
 * Pope Innocent X (1644–1655)
 * Pope Innocent XI (1676–1689)
 * Pope Innocent XII (1691–1700)
 * Pope Innocent XIII (1721–1724)

Additionally, one antipope has chosen the name Innocent:

 * Antipope Innocent III (1179–1180)

title: Pope Innocent


text:
Talk:Asta Nielsen

Commercial link
Just added a link to www.hotel-pensionfunk.de. I know that this link refers to a commercial site. Nevertheless I'm convinced that it will help some Asta Nielsen fans to gather new information about the subject of the article. Having visited the place I know that there are some special Nielsen memorabilias within the hotel. Apart from that the website contains contact information to the owner of the hotel. As far as I know he's quite happy to share his gathered knowledge with anyone minding to call or e-mail him. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.191.246.232 (talk) 23:26, 21 April 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 1 one external link on Asta Nielsen. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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title: Talk:Asta Nielsen


text:
Weitmar-Mark

Weitmar-Mark is a suburb of the city of Bochum in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Bochum is in the Ruhr area. The population used to speak Westphalian, but now High German is the norm. Weitmar-Mark is not far from the center of Bochum, between Weitmar-Mitte and Stiepel. Weitmar-Mark is a residential area.

title: Weitmar-Mark


text:
Bill Nicholson (baseball)

William Beck "Swish" Nicholson (December 11, 1914 – March 8, 1996) was an American right fielder in Major League Baseball who played for the Philadelphia Athletics (1936), Chicago Cubs (1939–1948) and Philadelphia Phillies (1949–1953). A native of Chestertown, Maryland, where he attended Washington College, he batted left-handed and threw right-handed.

In 1944, Nicholson received an intentional walk with the bases loaded. He is listed as one of only seven players in major league history to do it. The others are Abner Dalrymple (1881), Nap Lajoie (1901), Del Bissonette (1928), Barry Bonds (1998), Josh Hamilton (2008), and Corey Seager (2022).

Career
In a 16-year career, Nicholson posted a .268 batting average with 235 home runs and 948 run batted in in 1,677 games.

At 6 feet tall and 205 pounds, he was an imposing figure at the plate. While awaiting each pitch, he would loosen up with determined practice swings, ending each with his bat aimed at the pitcher, and holding that pose for several seconds. With each practice swing, the fans would chant "Swish."

Nicknamed "Swish" because of his mighty swing, which often missed the ball, Nicholson twice led the National League in home runs and runs batted in. He played briefly in the American League for the Philadelphia Athletics in 1936, then spent two years in the minors before joining the Chicago Cubs in 1939. Nicholson became a regular with the Cubs in 1940. His most productive season came in 1943, when he hit .309 with a league-leading 29 home runs and 128 runs batted in. He finished third in the NL MVP Award vote behind Stan Musial and Walker Cooper.

In 1944, Nicholson slipped to .287, but he again led the NL in home runs (33) and runs batted in (122), as well as runs (116) and total bases (317). In the same season, after hitting four consecutive homers in a July 23 doubleheader at the Polo Grounds, he came to bat with the bases loaded in the eighth inning of the second game, and was intentionally walked. Obviously, that forced in a run, but the Cubs could not score again and the Giants won the game, 12–10. This time, he lost the MVP honors by one vote to Marty Marion.

Although Nicholson helped the Cubs to the 1945 pennant, his failing eyesight resulted in a slip in production. He hit only .243 with 13 home runs and 88 runs batted in during the regular season, and batted just .214 with eight runs batted in during Chicago's seven-game loss to the Detroit Tigers in the World Series. The eight RBIs was the record for a 7-game World Series.

In 1949, Nicholson was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies, where he became a part-time player and frequent pinch-hitter. The next season, after he became weak and lost weight, it was disclosed that Nicholson was diabetic. He was unable to play in the World Series with his "Whiz Kids" teammates against the Yankees. Well respected as one of the toughest men to double up, Nicholson hit into double plays only once every 90.7 at-bats. He finished his career in 1953 with eight pinch homers.

Bill Nicholson died in Chestertown, Maryland, aged 81.

Highlights

 * 5-time All-Star (1940–41, 1943–45)
 * Twice led NL in home runs (1943–44)
 * Twice led NL in runs batted in (1943–44)
 * Led NL in runs (1944)
 * One of five NL right fielders to register 11 total chances in a game (1945). The others are Harry Schafer (1877), Greasy Neale (1920), Casey Stengel (1920) and Bake McBride (1978). The major league record is held by Tony Armas, who handled 12 chances in an AL game (1982).

title: Bill Nicholson (baseball)


text:
Minister for Foreign Affairs (Fiji)

The Minister for Foreign Affairs (commonly known as the Foreign Minister) is a cabinet minister responsible for foreign relations and diplomacy of Fiji, and oversees its Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. Especially since two military coups in 1987 harmed Fiji's relationship with other countries, with two more coups in 2000 and 2006 respectively, the Foreign Minister's position has been a very important one.

Description of the office
Like other ministers, the Foreign Minister is formally appointed by the President on the nomination of the Prime Minister, and is responsible to both the Prime Minister and the Parliament. The position may be held independently, or in conjunction with other ministerial responsibilities. From time to time, the Prime Minister has simultaneously served as Foreign Minister.

Along with all ministers, the Foreign Minister is constitutionally required to be a member of the Parliament.

List of ministers
{{legend||Alliance Party|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||Fiji Labour Party|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||FijiFirst|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||People's Alliance|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
 * Political parties

{{legend||Military|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||Independent|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
 * Other factions

{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes acting Minister}}
 * Symbols

The following is a list of foreign ministers of Fiji since the country gained independence in 1970:

title: Minister for Foreign Affairs (Fiji)


text:
Abat-son

An abat-son (plural usually abat-sons) is an architectural device constructed to reflect or direct sound in a particular direction. It consists of large louvers. The term is commonly used to refer to angled louvers in a bell tower or belfry designed to redirect sound or to prevent ingress of water.

Abat-son can also refer to a louver or board used in the device. These boards or sheets are typically made of wood or metal.

The term comes from the French abat-sons, literally abat it strikes down and sons sounds.

In the windshields
The slats, generally of the grid type and fixed to a carpentry frame, are usually made of wood or covered with metal, slate or lead; In addition to redirecting the sound of the bells towards the ground, they prevent rain or snow from penetrating the bell tower and allow the tower's carpentry to be ventilated. «Beffroi», is an architectural technical Gallicism that appeared in the 19th century, replacing the popular name of «windscreen» (abat-vent).

Loudspeakers are often inserted into twin bays on each of the steeple faces, more rarely in the skylights of steeple arrows. These vain bell towers are typically flanked by columns with capitals and decorations, in Romanesque architecture, with archivolts, and with interlocking fretwork in Gothic architecture. Turntables developed especially from the 13th century, and were often already decorated with fretwork, serrated bottoms, or embossed in lead.

title: Abat-son


text:
Criticism of libertarianism

Criticism of libertarianism includes ethical, economic, environmental and pragmatic concerns. With right-libertarianism, critics have argued that laissez-faire capitalism does not necessarily produce the best or most efficient outcome, and that libertarianism's philosophy of individualism and policies of deregulation fail to prevent the abuse of natural resources. Criticism of left-libertarianism is instead mainly related to anarchism. Left and right-libertarians also engage in criticism of each other.

Aggression and coercion
The validity of right-libertarian notions of liberty and economic freedom have been questioned by critics such as Robert Lee Hale, who posits that laissez-faire capitalism is a system of aggressive coercion and restriction by property owners against others: "Adam Smith's 'obvious and simple system of natural liberty' is not a system of liberty at all, but a complicated network of restraints, imposed in part by individuals, but very largely by the government itself at the behest of others on the freedom of the 'some'. ... What in fact distinguishes this counterfeit system of 'laissez-faire' (the market) from paternalism, is not the absence of restraint, but the absence of any conscious purpose of the part of the officials who administer the restraint, and of any responsibility or unanimity on the part of the numerous owners at whose discretion the restraint is administered."

Other critics, including John Rawls in Justice as Fairness, argue that implied social contracts justify government actions that violate the rights of some individuals as they are beneficial for society overall. This concept is related to philosophical collectivism as opposed to individualism. In response, libertarian philosophers such as Michael Huemer have raised criticisms of the social contract theory.

Authenticity of libertarian goals
Critics such as Corey Robin describe right-libertarianism as fundamentally a reactionary conservative ideology united with more traditional conservative thought and goals by a desire to enforce hierarchical power and social relations: "Conservatism, then, is not a commitment to limited government and liberty – or a wariness of change, a belief in evolutionary reform, or a politics of virtue. These may be the byproducts of conservatism, one or more of its historically specific and ever-changing modes of expression. But they are not its animating purpose. Neither is conservatism a makeshift fusion of capitalists, Christians, and warriors, for that fusion is impelled by a more elemental force – the opposition to the liberation of men and women from the fetters of their superiors, particularly in the private sphere. Such a view might seem miles away from the libertarian defense of the free market, with its celebration of the atomistic and autonomous individual. But it is not. When the libertarian looks out upon society, he does not see isolated individuals; he sees private, often hierarchical, groups, where a father governs his family and an owner his employees."

Will Moyer, a former libertarian, thought that Anarchism was the full realization of libertarianism. Political libertarianism was a distorted version of the philosophy, appealing solely to people who admired libertarianism's feelings but lacked the principle to follow it to its logical (and moral) consequences.

Property
In his essay "From Liberty to Welfare", philosopher James P. Sterba argues that a morally consistent application of right-libertarian premises, including that of negative liberty, requires that a libertarian must endorse "the equality in the distribution of goods and resources required by a socialist state". Sterba presents the example of a typical conflict situation between the rich and poor "in order to see why libertarians are mistaken about what their ideal requires". He argues that such a situation is correctly seen as a conflict of negative liberties, saying that the right of the rich not to be interfered with in the satisfaction of their luxury needs is morally trumped by the right of the poor "not to be interfered with in taking from the surplus possessions of the rich what is necessary to satisfy their basic needs".

According to Sterba, the liberty of the poor should be morally prioritized in light of the fundamental ethical principle "ought implies can" from which it follows that it would be unreasonable to ask the poor to relinquish their liberty not be interfered with, noting that "in the extreme case it would involve asking or requiring the poor to sit back and starve to death" and that "by contrast it would not be unreasonable to ask and require the rich to sacrifice their liberty to meet some of their needs so that the poor can have the liberty to meet their basic needs". Having argued that "ought implies can" establishes the reasonability of asking the rich to sacrifice their luxuries for the basic needs of the poor, Sterba invokes a second fundamental principle, "The Conflict Resolution Principle", to argue that it is reasonable to make it an ethical requirement. He concludes by arguing that the application of these principles to the international context makes a compelling case for socialist distribution on a world scale.

Jeffrey Friedman argues that natural-rights libertarianism's justification for the primacy of property is incoherent: "[W]e can press on from [the observation that libertarianism is egalitarian] to ask why, if ... the liberty of a human being to own another should be trumped by equal human rights, the liberty to own large amounts of property [at the expense of others] should not also be trumped by equal human rights. This alone would seem definitively to lay to rest the philosophical case for libertarianism. ... The very idea of ownership contains the relativistic seeds of arbitrary authority: the arbitrary authority of the individual's 'right to do wrong.'"

Philosopher Jonathan Wolff criticizes deontological libertarianism as incoherent, writing that it is incapable of explaining why harm suffered by the losers in economic competition does not violate the principle of self-ownership and that its advocates must "dishonestly smuggle" consequentialist arguments into their reasoning to justify the institution of the free market.

Robert Lee Hale has argued that the concept of coercion in right-libertarian theory is applied inconsistently, insofar as it is applied to government actions, but it is not applied to the coercive acts of property owners to preserve their own private property rights.

Standards of well-being
Jeffrey Friedman has criticized right-libertarians for often relying on the unproven assumption that economic growth and affluence inevitably result in happiness and increased quality of life.

Theory of liberty
J. C. Lester has argued that right-libertarianism has no explicit theory of liberty. He supplies a theory of liberty, briefly summarized as the absence of imposed cost. Frederick criticizes Lester for smuggling in concepts not specified in the theory. Lester responded. Both Lester and Frederick are proponents of critical rationalism, the epistemological approach of Karl Popper. Lester has criticized libertarians for neglecting epistemology.

Economic criticism
Right-libertarians are accused of ignoring market failures, although not all proponents are market zealots.

Environmental criticism
Reconciliation of individual rights and the advances of a free market economy with environmental degradation is a problem that few right-libertarians have addressed. Political scientist and author Charles Murray has written that stewardship is what private property owners do best. Environmentalists on the left who support regulations designed to reduce carbon emissions, such as cap and trade, argue that many right-libertarians currently have no method of dealing with problems like environmental degradation and natural resource depletion because of their rejection of regulation and collective control. They see natural resources as too difficult to privatize as well as legal responsibility for pollution or degrading biodiversity as too difficult to trace. As a result, some see the rise of right-libertarianism as popular political philosophy as partially responsible for climate change.

Right-libertarians are also criticized for ignoring observation and historical fact and instead focusing on an abstract ideal. Imperfection is not accounted for, and they are axiomatically opposed to government initiatives to counter the effects of climate change.

Lack of contemporary examples
In 2013, Michael Lind observed that of the 195 countries in the world, none have fully actualized a society as advocated by right-libertarians: "If libertarianism was a good idea, wouldn't at least one country have tried it? Wouldn't there be at least one country, out of nearly two hundred, with minimal government, free trade, open borders, decriminalized drugs, no welfare state and no public education system?"

Furthermore, Lind has criticized right-libertarianism as being incompatible with democracy and apologetic towards autocracy. In response, right-libertarian Warren Redlich argues that the United States "was extremely libertarian from the founding until 1860, and still very libertarian until roughly 1930".

Counter-criticism
Declan McCullagh, writing for Wired, argued that libertarianism "attracts the most strident criticism from those who understand it the least. Expending little or no effort on research, critics barely familiar with libertarian ideas concoct an unappetizing stew of ideas – anarchism, egoism, and plain selfishness and greed – and mistakenly dub it libertarianism." McCullagh further argues:

"Libertarianism is not about anarchy, utopia, or selfishness. Instead, libertarians simply are skeptical of 'nanny government,' and recognize the many ways state power has been abused in the past. They believe that government programs like health assistance, Social Security, foreign aid, and corporate welfare do more harm than good. They argue that everyone must be equal before the law, and everyone has human rights to personal security, to property, and to free speech that the government must protect, not violate."

- Declan McCullagh

title: Criticism of libertarianism


text:
User talk:SDSUPinoy

Hi, I moved your contribution from Request Reversion of 9.Qc2?? to Sandbox/Chess/Request Reversion of 9.Qc2?? -- it really doesn't belong in main article space. FreplySpang (talk) 23:29, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Maayong pagadating (Welcome to) sa Wikipedia
Hello, Kumusta!welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.

 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: . If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.

 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.

Again, welcome! --Jondel 23:49, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

Chess
Hi, I'd just like to let you know that the chess tournament has started. You will play User:Acela Express. Look at the rules, decide with your opponent what colour you will play, and then start playing! If you have any questions either ask me or try Wikipedia talk:Chess championship. Good luck! Gkhan 00:01, May 16, 2005 (UTC)

New update: Acela Express has been disqualified. You are now playing Raul654. Game has been restarted; go for it! Linuxbeak | Desk 01:05, May 19, 2005 (UTC)

Hello
Noypi? :) Saan ka galing? JMBell° 11:50, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

Vote for Deletion
Hi; I'm sorry to be bothering you concerning this, but Chess championship is up for a VfD. Votes_for_deletion/Chess_championship Please vote to keep this thing alive... this is so lame that I need to ask people to help out here. Linuxbeak | Desk 03:43, May 19, 2005 (UTC)

Chess game
It has been a long time since you have made your move in your chess-game vs Raul654. It is one of the last games in round one, and alot of people wants it to be done with. I've you wait much longer, you will be disqualified. gkhan 22:46, May 30, 2005 (UTC)

Great match!
I just wanted to say thanks for a great chess match. Sorry about the community pressure to resign - I admit that you did have me worried after I saw the rook-check trap towards the end. →Raul654 19:54, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)

Reminder
Just a reminder that you can now being your 2nd match →Raul654 05:36, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

Chess
cool, we should get started i can feel the cabal's breath on my neck *snicker* :) tommorow night, we play half the game? yes? let's set an appointment so we can play. Project2501a 30 June 2005 02:22 (UTC)

Wikipedia is an encyclopedia
Looking through your contributions, it appears that all you are doing here is playing and designing games. Please use http://games.wikicities.com/ for this purpose. Wikipedia is not a free webhosting service.--Eloquence* July 1, 2005 13:52 (UTC)

They are going to lynch us you know...
we should really play that game... Project2501a 01:11, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Diplomacy
Hey there. This is Starhood` and I want you to advertise the game of Diplomacy to other people. Also, why don't you become the game moderator. Remember, to keep the moves secret, they need to be e-mailed.

title: User talk:SDSUPinoy


text: User talk:82.42.120.11

title: User talk:82.42.120.11


text:
Wikipedia:Cleanup Taskforce/Anger management

Anger management

 * Anger management- Eeks! Needs desperate help on all fronts. --Dmcdevit 23:22, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Desks: Tony Sidaway, SteveW, Junkyardprince.

 * This wants a lot of work. There are too many lists (with duplications) and much should probably be merged elsewhere - Anger is a stub, yet we have a huge article on anger management?  I've copied the physiological effects to Anger, but I haven't quite worked out what we might do with the rest yet.  SteveW | Talk 17:39, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I think we're making headway. We still need to put those lists into paragraph form (or at least improve them), and that middle paragraph needs to be wikified and rewritten.  Once all that's done, we can put this curséd thing to rest.  I hope. JP | Tark 22:56, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Handling anger assertively

 * In the section "Handling anger assertively", how the hell can being "creative" and "spontaneously witty" be a balanced approach. The very idea of being spontaneous means there is no 'approach'.--JohnO 13:20, 27 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
Weitmar-Mitte

Weitmar-Mitte is a statistical area of the city of Bochum in the Ruhr area in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. Weitmar-Mitte is a more affluent area close to the inner city. Weitmar-Mitte borders to Weitmar-Mark and other parts of Bochum

title: Weitmar-Mitte


text:
Wave Rider

Wave Rider was a quarterly surfing magazine from the 1970s. It was launched in 1975 by Gunnar Griffin and John Griffin in Cocoa Beach, Florida.

Staff photographers included Rob Battipaglia, Joaquin Garcia and Larry Marshall, as well as Sal Catania, who was a photo editor and staff photographer for a short period of time. Reggie Hodgson was the art director in the late-1970s.

Wave Rider covered international surfing as well as surfing on the East Coast of the United States.

Wave Rider ceased publication in 1982.

title: Wave Rider


text: User talk:69.233.165.90

title: User talk:69.233.165.90


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Konrad Branicki

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 01:31, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Konrad_Branicki
Obvious vanity page with no meaningful content at all - Delete. Windchaser 23:33, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Edwardian 01:24, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Jayjg (talk) 05:19, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 06:55, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as above. Master Thief Garrett 03:13, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.