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Division of Makin

The Division of Makin is an electoral division for the Australian House of Representatives located in the northeastern suburbs of Adelaide. The 130 km2 seat covers an area from Little Para River and Gould Creek in the north-east to Grand Junction Road in the south and Port Wakefield Road in the west, including the suburbs of Banksia Park, Fairview Park, Golden Grove, Greenwith, Gulfview Heights, Ingle Farm, Mawson Lakes, Modbury, Para Hills, Para Vista, Pooraka, Redwood Park, Ridgehaven, Salisbury East, Salisbury Heights, St Agnes, Surrey Downs, Tea Tree Gully, Valley View, Vista, Walkley Heights, Wynn Vale, Yatala Vale, and parts of Gepps Cross and Hope Valley.

Geography
Since 1984, federal electoral division boundaries in Australia have been determined at redistributions by a redistribution committee appointed by the Australian Electoral Commission. Redistributions occur for the boundaries of divisions in a particular state. They occur every seven years, or sooner if a state's representation entitlement changes, or when divisions of a state are malapportioned.

History

Makin was established in the South Australian redistribution of 3 September 1984 and named after MP and diplomat Norman Makin. It was a marginal mortgage belt seat, with a higher proportion of the population in the area paying off home loans. In the 2006 census, over 42 percent of the seat's electors had a home mortgage, ranking it 19th highest in Australia's 150 seats.

Created ahead of the 1984 election as a notionally fairly safe Labor seat, Labor won marginally. For the first quarter-century of its existence, the seat was a bellwether seat held by the party of government, both often typical of mortgage belt seats. During this time, it was usually marginal, with neither party winning more than 54 percent of the two-party vote.

Later years
Labor's Tony Zappia won the seat at the 2007 election, with a fairly safe 57.7 percent two-party vote against Liberal candidate Bob Day. A wider 8.6 percent two-party swing won Labor government, the largest two-party vote and swing of any party in Makin's history at the time. Zappia won enough primary votes to take the seat on the first count, the first time a candidate won a majority of the primary vote in Makin.

At the 2010 election, Zappia technically made it a safe Labor seat with a 62.2 percent two-party vote, again the strongest result for any party in Makin's history. Even though Mawson Lakes was added to Makin in a redistribution, Zappia held the seat at the 2013 election with a reduced marginal 55.1 percent two-party vote even as Labor lost government, becoming the first opposition member in Makin's history. He consolidated his hold on the seat at the 2016 election with a 59.5 percent two-party vote.

Bellwether seat
ABC psephologist Antony Green listed Makin as one of eleven which he classed as bellwether electorates in his 2016 election guide. Notably, Makin was the only bellwether located outside of New South Wales and Queensland.

title: Division of Makin


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Future Retro(Animusic)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was MERGE AND REDIRECT to Animusic.Postdlf 21:52, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

Future Retro(Animusic)
Article consists of an image, watched it for awhile and nothing of use was added-probably should be a speedy Delete but I thought I should run it through here just in case. Rx StrangeLove 02:15, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * At Animusic we find yet another redlink farm. I wouldn't be surprised if there were as little to say about those as there apparently is about this.  Given the images that  has uploaded, I suspect that more such empty articles will be along shortly. I'd say Merge to Animusic, except that in practical terms there's pretty much nothing to merge.  Delete all of those redlinks regardless.  This can be handled by a simple list within Animusic itself. Uncle G 03:21, 2005 Apr 17 (UTC)
 * Merge into Animusic, which itself needs some serious cleanup, but sounds notable enough at first glance; SIGGRAPH is a huge deal in computer graphics. Being "featured" (whatever that might mean) at that conference is potentially quite notable. android↔talk 03:54, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is not an article.  RickK 07:23, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into Animusic. Megan1967 08:19, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Nothing to merge. Wikipedia is not an image gallery.  Delete.  Rossami (talk) 03:36, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Talk:Mean corpuscular volume

Worked Example
I would like to see the math because I just checked the worked example, and the MCV does NOT come out correctly if I include the factor of 10 as the formula suggests: 40% = 0.4; (0.4 x 10)/5e12 = 800e-15 = 800 fL (without the factor of 10, it would come out correctly).

Either the formula is wrong or the calculated example is wrong, or there is some piece missing. I suspect that the factor of 10 is just a rule of thumb used as a shortcut: 40/5 = 8; then multiply by 10 to get an MCV of 80 fL.  Jdevola (talk) 19:08, 27 September 2012 (UTC)

I agree. I've spent way too long to figure out why there is a factor 10 but I found a source for it so I went ahead and change the formula. JuliusSimplus (talk) 10:51, 2 May 2020 (UTC)

 * I think I've worked it out. Hematocrit times sample volume gives the total volume of red blood cells, and dividing that by the number of red blood cells gives the mean corpuscular volume (WP:SYNthesising the definitions of Hct and MCV).  Rearranging gives $$\text{Hct}/(\text{number of red blood cells}/\text{sample volume})$$, or $$\text{Hct}/[\text{RBC}]$$.  The factor of 10 comes from using Hct as a percentage (100) and cell concentration as millions per microlitre ($$10^{12}$$) and wanting an answer in femtolitres ($$10^{-15}$$).—dah31 (talk) 00:57, 25 February 2021 (UTC)

Elevated
Elevated MCV is associated with heavy alcohol use/abuse, NOT necessarily alcoholism. Niteowlneils 02:17, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I removed this from the last line of text of the article "A mistake on line 7 Macrocytic Anemia is high MCV value" and figured it belonged here, rather than in the article Ruhrfisch 17:35, 26 April 2007 (UTC) Trebla67 (talk) 23:42, 30 June 2009 (UTC) I recommend endorsing the word "cell" as replacement for the archaic "corpuscular". Trebla67 (talk) 23:42, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

Measurement
Mean Corpuscular Volume can be obtained by detecting and measuring changes in electrical resistance when a red blood cel, diluted in a conductive liquid goes through a small aperture. Each cell suspended in a conductive liquid (diluent) acts as an insulator. As each cell goes through the aperture, it momentarily increases the resistance of the electrical path between two submerged electrodes, one located on each side of the aperture. This causes an electrical pulse that can be counted and sized. While the number of pulses indicates particle count, the size of the electrical pulse is proportional to the cell volume. —Preceding unsigned comment added by FBCBMS (talk • contribs) 11:47, 9 July 2010 (UTC)

infobox
infobox interventions should pull data from wikidata. This is linked on wikidata to a LOINC code.EncycloABC For example reference range could be displayed (also in wd) (talk) 19:08, 19 August 2019 (UTC)

A Question
Can the range of MCV vary based on age? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Abdul.Basit.Duke (talk • contribs) 08:48, 2 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mean corpuscular volume


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Joint Security Area (film)

Joint Security Area (공동경비구역 JSA) is a 2000 South Korean mystery thriller film directed and co-written by Park Chan-wook and based on the novel DMZ by Park Sang-yeon. It is Park Chan-wook's third film as director; as he largely disowned his first two films The Moon Is... the Sun's Dream (1992) and Trio (1997), Joint Security Area is frequently regarded as his first film with creative control, and Park himself prefers the film to be regarded as his directorial debut.

Starring Song Kang-ho, Lee Byung-hun and Lee Young-ae, Joint Security Area is set in the Korean Demilitarized Zone separating the countries of North Korea and South Korea and revolves around a fatal shooting incident involving soldiers from both sides, which leads the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission to investigate and gradually unveil the unexpected truth.

The film was released theatrically on September 9, 2000 in South Korea where it became a major commercial success, launching Park's career and becoming the highest-grossing film in South Korean history until Friend surpassed it the following year. It was nominated three Blue Dragon Film Awards, winning Best Film and Best Cinematography, and for thirteen Grand Bell Awards, winning Best Film, Best Actor for Song, Best Art Direction and Best Sound Effects.

Plot
Two North Korean soldiers are killed in the DMZ in the Joint Security Area at a North Korean border house just across the Bridge of No Return, before Sergeant Lee Soo-hyeok (Lee Byung-hun), a wounded South Korean soldier on border duties, attempts to flee back to the South Korean side. The southern troops rescue him while gunfire erupts and, two days later, the fragile relationship between the two Koreas depends on a special investigation conducted by Swiss Army Major Sophie E. Jean (Lee Young-ae) on behalf of the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission.

As Sergeant Lee Soo-hyeok has confessed to the shootings, Sophie investigates why the two Koreas have contradicting accounts of events; Soo-hyeok's states he was knocked out and kidnapped while relieving himself and, waking tied up in the North Korean border house, secretly freed himself and shot three North Korean soldiers, leaving two dead. The North Korean survivor Sergeant Oh Kyeong-pil (Song Kang-ho) states to Sophie that Soo-hyeok barged into the border house and shot everyone before retreating when the wounded Kyeong-pil returned fire.

The autopsy report shows that one North Korean soldier, Jeong Woo-jin (Shin Ha-kyun), was shot eight times repeatedly, indicating a grudge was held; additionally, a single bullet is not accounted for. Over the course of the investigation, witness Private First Class Nam Sung-shik (Kim Tae-woo) attempts suicide by jumping out of the window of the interrogation room and a strange emotional reaction between Kyeong-pil and Soo-hyeok during a meeting causes Sophie to confirm her suspicions that the surviving soldiers and Woo-jin held a mutual friendship and were attempting to protect one another.

Through flashbacks it is shown that Soo-hyeok had previously been on patrol with other soldiers, only to get lost on the North Korean side and partially trip a mine. He is found by Kyeong-pil and Woo-jin, who deactivate the mine, which later prompts Soo-hyeok to throw written messages over the border at the Bridge of No Return to maintain contact over the next several weeks. They eventually invite Soo-hyeok across the border and the three become a group of friends that soon includes Sung-shik, with the four agreeing to leave politics out of their friendship so to remain loyal to their own countries.

As tensions rise between the North and South, Soo-hyeok and Sung-shik return to the North guard house one night to say goodbye and celebrate Woo-jin's birthday, only to be discovered by a commanding officer from the North, which results in a Mexican standoff. Despite Woo-jin panicking and betraying his friends, Kyeong-pil convinces Woo-jin, Soo-hyeok and the officer to lower their weapons, only for Sung-shik to panic and shoot the commanding officer when he reaches for his radio; when Woo-jin draws his gun again, Sung-shik shoots him, and in a daze, shoots his corpse several times. Earlier in their friendship, Kyeong-pil had asked Soo-hyeok if he'd ever had to kill a man like he's had to, implying that Soo-hyeok doesn't know what it's like. Kyeong-pil slaps Sung-shik out of his daze, takes the gun from him, and kills the still-alive officer, then persuades Soo-hyeok and Sung-shik to flee with a false alibi of being kidnapped, before throwing away the evidence that he and Woo-jin were fraternizing with Southern soldiers. After Soo-hyeok shoots Kyeong-pil in the shoulder to complete the alibi, Soo-hyeok and Sung-shik flee across the border, with the latter getting past unseen; as Soo-hyeok's wounded leg from the firefight prevents him from running, he is the only soldier seen and picked up by the South Korean soldiers.

Back in the present, Sophie is eventually removed from the case when it's discovered that her father, a former POW, had North Korean ties during the Korean War, thus technically making her a non-neutral. Before leaving Korea, she attempts to informally learn of the true events first with Kyeong-pil and then Soo-hyeok. Having asked Kyeong-pil if he had a message for Soo-hyeok, Sophie gives Soo-hyeok the lighter he first gave to Kyeong-pil. Before saying goodbye and wishing him well, she reveals that Kyeong-pil told her that he saw Soo-hyeok's gun actually shot Woo-jin first during the chaos before Sung-shik shot him. On his way out, Soo-hyeok steals an officer's pistol and commits suicide out of guilt for Woo-jin's death and Sung-shik's suicide attempt. The film concludes with an American tourist's photograph of the joint security area that accidentally contains all four soldiers prior to the incident.

Cast

 * Song Kang-ho as Sgt. Oh Kyeong-pil
 * Lee Byung-hun as Sgt. Lee Soo-hyuk
 * Lee Young-ae as Maj. Sophie E. Jean
 * Kim Tae-woo as Pvt. Nam Sung-sik
 * Shin Ha-kyun as Pvt. Jung Woo-jin
 * Christoph Hofrichter as Maj. Gen. Bruno Botta
 * Herbert Ulrich as Capt. Persson.

Production
The Korean Demilitarized Zone depicted in the movie were sets that were made for the film, which was constructed at about 8000-Pyeong area in a film studio in Namyangju with a budget of 900 million won.

Reception
The film drew nearly half a million viewers in Seoul alone in its first week. Within 15 days of its release the film reached one million admissions and by early 2001 Joint Security Area had become the highest-grossing film in Korean film history. It was later passed by the films Friend, Silmido and Taegukgi: The Brotherhood of War. Overall, JSA had 2,499,400 admissions in Seoul over its 20 weeks in the cinemas and an estimated 5.8 million admissions nationwide. The film was also very successful in Japan where it grossed ¥1,160,000,000 becoming one of the top grossing foreign productions of 2001.

A DVD of the movie was presented to North Korea's leader Kim Jong-il by South Korea's President Roh Moo-hyun during the Korean summit in October 2007.

In 2009, director Quentin Tarantino named the film as one of his twenty favorite films since 1992.

Awards and nominations
2000 Blue Dragon Film Awards
 * Best Film
 * Best Director – Park Chan-wook
 * Best Supporting Actor – Shin Ha-kyun
 * Best Cinematography – Kim Seong-bok

2000 Busan Film Critics Awards
 * Best Actor – Lee Byung-hun, Song Kang-ho

2000 Director's Cut Awards
 * Best Director – Park Chan-wook
 * Best Actor – Song Kang-ho
 * Best New Actor – Shin Ha-kyun
 * Best Producer – Shim Jae-myung

2001 Deauville Asian Film Festival
 * Lotus d'Or (Prix du Jury) ("Jury Prize")
 * Lotus du Public (Prix du Public) ("Popular Choice")
 * Lotus du Meilleur Acteur ("Best Actor") – Song Kang-ho

2001 Seattle International Film Festival
 * New Director's Showcase Special Jury Prize

2001 Berlin International Film Festival
 * Nomination – Golden Berlin Bear

2001 Baeksang Arts Awards
 * Best Director – Park Chan-wook

2001 Grand Bell Awards
 * Best Film
 * Best Actor – Song Kang-ho
 * Best Sound – Kim Seok-weon, Kim Won-yong
 * Best Art Direction
 * Nomination – Best Supporting Actor – Shin Ha-kyun

2001 Fantasia Festival
 * Nomination – Best Film

2002 Blue Ribbon Awards
 * Best Foreign Language Film

2003 Hong Kong Film Awards
 * Nomination – Best Asian Film

Adaptations
A stage musical titled JSA: the Musical opened in April 2014 at the Dongsoong Art Center in Seoul's theater district of Daehangno. While the musical heavily borrows from Park Chan-wook's film, the script more closely resembles DMZ, the novel by Park Sang-yeon that inspired the movie.

An eight-episode television miniseries also adapted from the novel DMZ will be produced by KBS, to be aired in September 2014 as part of the Drama Special Series.

title: Joint Security Area (film)


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File:Gumshoebox.jpg

Description
Box art for the NES game Gumshoe.

Fair use in Gumshoe (video game)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) Nintendo has released no such images into the public domain, and a replacement image could not be created that would adequately provide the same information.
 * 2) The image is being used for no purpose other than to identify the subject of the article.
 * 3) The image resolution has been significantly decreased from the original, so copies made from it would be of inferior quality.
 * 4) The use of this image neither detracts from the game nor inhibits its salability in any way.

title: File:Gumshoebox.jpg


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User talk:Freedom's avenger

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Firebug 02:23, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Freedom's avenger


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Lady Vengeance

Lady Vengeance (lit. 'Kind-hearted Geum-ja'; titled Sympathy for Lady Vengeance in Australia and Russia) is a 2005 South Korean neo-noir psychological thriller film directed by Park Chan-wook. The film is the third and final installment in Park's Vengeance Trilogy, following Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance (2002) and Oldboy (2003). It stars Lee Young-ae as Lee Geum-ja, a woman released from prison after serving the sentence for a murder she did not commit. The film tells her story of revenge against the real murderer.

The film debuted on 29 July 2005 in South Korea, and competed for the Golden Lion at the 62nd Venice International Film Festival in September 2005. While it failed to win in competition, it did walk away with Cinema of The Future, the Young Lion Award, and the Best Innovated Film Award in the non-competition section. It won the award for Best Film at the 26th Blue Dragon Film Awards. The film had its US premiere on 30 September 2005 at the New York Film Festival. It began its limited release in North American theatres on 5 May 2006, to favorable reviews from critics.

Plot
A Christian musical procession waits with a symbolic block of tofu outside a prison for the release of Lee Geum-ja (Lee Young-ae), a reformed female prisoner. Convicted of kidnapping and murdering a 5-year-old schoolboy, Won-mo, 13 years earlier, Geum-ja became a national sensation because of her young age, angelic appearance, and eager confession to the crime. However, she became an inspirational model for prisoner reform during her incarceration, and her apparent spiritual transformation earned her an early release. Free, she is now intent on revenge.

Geum-ja quickly shows that her "kind-hearted" behavior in prison was a cover to earn favor and further her revenge plans. She visits the other paroled inmates, calling in favors that include food, shelter, and weapons. She begins work in a pastry shop and starts an affair with a young shop assistant, Geun-Shik, who would be the same age as Won-mo, had he lived.

It is revealed that Geum-ja did not smother Won-mo. The detective on her case was aware of her innocence, but helped her fake crime-scene details to ensure her confession looked credible. As a young high school student, Geum-ja had become pregnant and, afraid to go home to her parents, turned to Mr. Baek (Choi Min-sik), a teacher from her school, for help. Mr. Baek expected Geum-ja to provide sex and assist in his kidnapping racket in return. He used her to lure 5-year-old Won-mo to him, with the intent of ransoming the child, but murdered the boy. He then kidnapped Geum-ja's infant daughter and threatened to murder the baby if Geum-ja did not take the blame. She has spent her time in prison planning revenge on Mr. Baek for the murder of Won-mo, causing Geum-ja's child to grow up without a mother, and for sending her to prison. Geum-ja discovers that her daughter was adopted by Australian parents. Jenny, now an adolescent, does not speak Korean and does not initially embrace her mother, though she does return with Geum-ja to Seoul to bond. Geum-ja plans to kidnap and murder Mr. Baek, now a children's teacher at a preschool, with the aid of his wife, another ex-convict. Mr. Baek hires thugs to kill Geum-ja and Jenny but Geum-ja kills them and Mr. Baek is subdued.

Mr. Baek wakes up tied to a chair in an abandoned schoolhouse. On his cell phone strap, Geum-ja discovers the orange marble from Won-mo's crime scene, which had been taken as a trophy, and is horrified to see other children's trinkets also on the strap. After shooting him in both feet, she discovers snuff tapes in his apartment of the other children he had murdered. He had not been part of a ransoming racket; he would kidnap and murder a child from each school he worked at because he found them annoying. After killing each one, he would fake a ransom call to the parents, collect the money, and move on to a different school.

Sickened that four more children died because Geum-ja did not turn in the real killer 13 years ago, Geum-ja and the original case detective contact the parents and relatives of the missing children and they meet at the school. After watching each tape, the group decides to murder Mr. Baek together. They take turns beating, mutilating and torturing him until he is dead, then take a group photo, ensuring that none of them can turn in the others without implicating themselves. They then bury the corpse outside.

Geum-ja, the detective, and the relatives all converge at Geum-ja's bakery. Afterward, she sees the ghost of the murdered child who then transforms into his grown self (the age that he would have been if he had lived). Later, she meets Jenny and instructs her daughter to live purely, like tofu. She buries her face in an all white frosting covered cake and weeps as Jenny hugs her.

Cast

 * Lee Young-ae as Lee Geum-ja
 * Choi Min-sik as Mr. Baek (Baek Han-sang)
 * Kwon Yea-young as Jenny
 * Kim Si-hoo as Geun-shik
 * Oh Dal-su as Mr. Chang
 * Lee Seung-shin as Park Yi-jeong
 * Go Soo-hee as Ma-nyeo ("Witch")
 * Kim Byeong-ok as The Preacher
 * Ra Mi-ran as Oh Su-hee
 * Seo Young-ju as Kim Yang-hee
 * Kim Boo-seon as Woo So-young
 * Ko Chang-seok as So-young's husband
 * Lee Dae-yeon as parent of abducted child
 * Nam Il-woo as Detective Choi
 * Kim Hee-soo as Se-hyun
 * Oh Kwang-rok as Se-hyun's father
 * Lee Byung-joon as Dong-hwa
 * Choi Jung-woo as Dong-hwa's father
 * Ryoo Seung-wan as passerby
 * Song Kang-ho as assassin 1
 * Shin Ha-kyun as assassin 2
 * Yoo Ji-tae as grown-up Won-mo, as seen in a vision
 * Seo Ji-hee as Eun-joo
 * Won Mi-won as Eun-joo's grandmother
 * Kim Ik-tae as Won-mo's father
 * Kim Yoo-jung as Jae-kyung
 * Im Soo-kyung as prison officer
 * Choi Hee-jin as prisoner 3
 * Jeon Sung-ae as prisoner 4
 * Kim Jin-goo as Ko Seon-sook
 * Kang Hye-jung as TV announcer
 * Tony Barry as Jenny's adoptive father
 * Anne Cordiner as Jenny's adoptive mother

Music
The film's score, composed by Choi Seung-hyun, is heavily baroque-themed, featuring many pieces with harpsichord, baroque guitars, and other instruments. The main theme is an edited version of Vivaldi's "Ah ch'infelice sempre" from "Cessate, omai cessate". The song is appropriate since the unedited version's melody is sung by a woman who is seeking revenge on a man who has betrayed her, much like the film itself. The 24th Caprice by Paganini also appears many times. The final scene is accompanied by an arrangement by Jordi Savall of the Spanish song Mareta, a lullaby in the Valencian language by an anonymous 17th century composer from Alicante.

Fade to Black and White version
Two versions of the film exist, the standard version and the "Fade to Black and White version". The latter version begins in full colour, but throughout the film the colour gradually fades until it is totally black and white at the end of the film. In conjunction with the camera technique of removing the colours, there is also a change in the environmental colours used in backgrounds and clothing. At the beginning of the film, the environments contain a lot of primary colours, whereas toward the end of the film pastel shades, blacks and whites are used. Geum-ja wears a blue coat in the early part of the film, but this is replaced with a black leather coat at the end. The brightly coloured walls of the prison and Geum-ja's bedroom are replaced with the grey walls of the school.

Both versions of the film were shown in Korean cinemas, although the fading version was presented only in digital format at a few DLP-equipped multiplexes.

This version has since been made available on the Korean Special Edition DVD of Lady Vengeance (with DTS audio only), and in the Tartan Films DVD and Blu-ray boxset releases of the Vengeance trilogy. On the Tartan boxset packaging, the version is incorrectly titled "Fade to White version".

Box office
Lady Vengeance opened in Korea on 29 July 2005 to blockbuster business, grossing US$7,382,034 in its opening weekend and grossed a total of US$22,590,402 in South Korea alone. In terms of total admissions, it was the seventh biggest domestic release in Korea that year, and the eighth biggest overall with 3,650,000 tickets sold nationwide. It achieved great financial success.

The film opened in limited release in two North American theatres on 28 April 2006 under the title Lady Vengeance. In its opening weekend, it earned US$9,850 (US$4,925 per screen). It grossed US$211,667 during its entire run, playing on 15 screens during its widest point and grossed US$23,809,504 worldwide.

Critical reception
Lady Vengeance has a 76% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The critical consensus states: "Stylistically flashy and gruesomely violent, Sympathy for Lady Vengeance fits in nicely with the other two films of Park's revenge trilogy." It has an average score of 75/100 on Metacritic.

Awards and nominations

 * 2005 Blue Dragon Film Awards
 * Best Film
 * Best Actress - Lee Young-ae
 * Nomination - Best Director - Park Chan-wook
 * Nomination - Best Cinematography - Chung Chung-hoon
 * Nomination - Best Lighting - Park Hyun-won
 * Nomination - Best Art Direction - Cho Hwa-sung
 * Nomination - Best Music - Jo Yeong-wook
 * Nomination - Technical Award - Kim Sang-bum, Kim Jae-bum (Editing)

 * 2005 Korean Film Awards
 * Nomination - Best Actress - Lee Young-ae
 * Nomination - Best Cinematography - Chung Chung-hoon
 * Nomination - Best Editing - Kim Sang-bum, Kim Jae-bum
 * Nomination - Best Art Direction - Cho Hwa-sung
 * Nomination - Best Music - Jo Yeong-wook

 * 2005 Director's Cut Awards
 * Best Actress - Lee Young-ae

 * 2006 Baeksang Arts Awards
 * Best Actress - Lee Young-ae
 * Nomination - Best Film
 * Nomination - Best Director - Park Chan-wook

 * 2006 Grand Bell Awards
 * Nomination - Best Film
 * Nomination - Best Director - Park Chan-wook
 * Nomination - Best Actress - Lee Young-ae
 * Nomination - Best New Actor - Kim Shi-hoo

 * 2006 Hong Kong Film Awards
 * Nomination - Best Asian Film

Appearances in popular culture

 * In the 2017 drama series Saimdang, Memoir of Colors, the character Geum Ja made a cameo appearance (portrayed by the same actress) in a dance club.
 * Geum-ja was the inspiration behind Oh Geum-ji of Lowlife Princess: Noir.

title: Lady Vengeance


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Bernardo Buontalenti

Bernardo Timante Buonacorsi (c. 1531 – June 1608), known as Bernardo Buontalenti and sometimes by the nickname "Bernardo delle Girandole", was an Italian stage designer, architect, theatrical designer, military engineer, artist, and the purported inventor of Italian ice cream.

Biography
Buontalenti was born in Florence c. 1531. He entered the service of the Medici as a youth and remained with them the rest of his life. He is said to have been instructed in painting by Salviati and Bronzino, in sculpture by Michelangelo, in architecture by Giorgio Vasari, and in miniature painting under Giulio Clovio. He executed a number of miniatures for Francesco, the son of Cosimo I. More than a painter, he was celebrated as an architect; in this role he was much employed in the design of fortifications, villas, and gardens and is considered one of the most important architects of the Mannerist period. He was also a great mechanic, and an excellent mathematician. In 1562 he travelled to Spain. His first known work is from 1568, the Palazzo di Bianca Cappello in Florence. His main achievements include the project for the new city of Livorno, the decoration of Palazzo Pitti and the Boboli Gardens with the famous grotto, as well as the Parco di Pratolino of which little remains today, except for a giant sculpture by Giambologna, representing the Colossus of the Apennines. Buontalenti's skills as a military engineer are shown by the fortifications of the port of Livorno, the Forte di Belvedere in Florence, the city walls of Pistoia, Grosseto, Prato, Portoferraio (Elba) and Naples; he also perfected designs for cannons, and devised a new type of incendiary grenade.

In the Uffizi Palace of Florence, he built a great court stage, where, during the winter of 1585–1586, splendid festivities were produced under his direction. He designed costumes for the Medici extravaganzas. He was also an innovator in ice conservation and is credited with inventing the precursor to modern Florentine gelato.

Despite his successes, his prodigality led Buontalenti to financial ruin; he survived in his later life thanks to a pension given him by the Grand Duke of Tuscany.

Work
One of the theaters that Bernardo had built was the Theater of Baldracca (or the Theater of the Dogana). It was opened in 1576, when Bernardo was the Court Architect, and it became one of the oldest theaters in Florence. This theater, however is not like other modern theaters. In the Theater of Baldracca the stage would be raised a little, and the audience had to stand or to sit on long benches to watch the live performance. The theater also included a box with grating, that would seat very high-ranking viewers. The grating allowed the viewers to see but not to be seen. However, the theater was not very popular and was replaced by the Uffizi Gallery Library.

Another theater built by Bernardo was the Medici Theater, built for the Grand Duke Francesco I Medici. Bernardo worked at the theater between 1576 and 1586. Bernardo had employed a Mannerist and experimental architectural language for this theater, but in 1589 Bernardo had to modify the decorations to represent the authority of the Grand Duke Ferdinando I. The room structure was inspired by theaters of classical antiquity. Bernardo also included a sloped floor that allowed the audience to see better. However, when the court moved to another location, the room was left behind. Bountalenti and his pupil Matteo Nigetti were commissioned to build the Palazzo Nonfinito in 1592, but only the first floor was completed.

Buontalenti was involved in other Baroque theaters before his death. He also helped design stage machinery for specific performances, as well as many allegorical costumes for the Medici Theater. Finally, he was responsible for arranging spectacular fireworks displays for some of the performances.

title: Bernardo Buontalenti


text:
Wikipedia talk:Requests for adminship/Uncle G

The voting period is now closed and as of right now, the vote is 32/11/4. For what it's worth, one of the "oppose" votes was after the conclusion of the voting period.

The percentage of "support" votes is either 74% or 76%, depending on whether the last "oppose" is counted. I believe that this places the vote in the area where judgement on the part of the bureaucrats is called for in reading the consensus, because the consensus is not entirely clear from numerical vote totals alone.

Please note that I am personally unfamiliar with User:Uncle G, having never encountered him while working on articles. While I did update the end time of his RFA listing, I have been involved in no other way up until now.

Here are my observations regarding the nomination:

 * 1) While I include the last "oppose" vote on the theory that votes are valuable even if late, I do not include User:Lst27's vote in my tally because I am troubled by Lst27's overall pattern of RFA voting.  I cannot remember a single instance of an Lst27 vote that was not essentailly a "me too" vote, and this one is no exception.  Lst27 has long had a fascination with the adminship process, yet has had little other engagement with the project.  Therefore, I observe that the present support ratio is 76%, making this a judgement call.
 * 2) Several very senior Wikipedians, who have a history of being extremely conservative in their support of adminship candidates, have voiced their support.  These include User:RickK, User:Kingturtle. and User:SimonP.
 * 3) Certain longstanding Wikipedians have expressed their opposition, notably User:DropDeadGorgias, User:Cecropia, and User:Taxman
 * 4) Among the support voters, many reasons for support were voiced.
 * 5) With two exceptions, the oppose votes solely cite the candidate's lack of a user page.  The four neutral votes cite support except for the lack of a user page.
 * 6) User page states "As a tradition, Wikipedia offers wide latitude to users to manage their user space as they see fit."  There is no policy requirement that users must have a user page.  When the subject has been discussed in the past (usually in the context of an adminship vote), there has been no clear consensus, but most participants have opposed any policy requiring a user page for adminship candidates.
 * 7) With 47 voters, this vote has achieved more than adequate turnout.
 * 8) There have been no concerns with irregular voting, inappropriate soliciting of votes via spam, or the like.

Here are my conclusions regarding the nomination:

With 76% support and a large turnout, this nomination is suitable for promotion, albeit marginally so. Substantially all the opposition is based on the candidate's nonconformist refusal to have a user page. While there is support in the "Wikipedia tradition" for this view, there is no policy support for it. Further, this view is unrelated to the superordinate goal of building an encyclopedia, except for the minor objection of the matter of red links on recent changes. I conclude that justification for opposition is based primarily on Wikipedia social norms unrelated to the project objectives themselves.

Finally, I note that the discussion of any possible requirement that admins must have user pages may be carried forward regardless of the outcome of this particular nomination. WP:RFA is itself not a policymaking forum, and unresolved policy matters are best addressed elsewhere.

I plan to promote this candidate but will wait for a day or two to permit time for discussion. While all are welcome to comment, I would particularly invite other bureaucrats to share their views.

The Uninvited Co., Inc. 02:28, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Please forgive my intervention, for I am not a bureaucrat, or even an admin for that matter. For the record, I voted against Uncle G, but now I realized that red link thing does not matter that much, so I will not mind if Uncle G is elected.

There is something else troubling me though. I do not think ignoring a user's vote, in this case User:Lst27's, is a good precendent. This generally speaking. Going into details, I must say that while I never encountered this user personally, by taking a look at his/her last 500 edits, and checking around 50 diffs, I must say that we deal with a very good user; with work in classyfing stubs, disambiguation, welcoming new users, fixing typos, almost always posting edit summaries, very polite comments on talk pages, and and a total of 3872 edits.

And how can we describe a "me too" vote? Just because he each time happens to agree with one side and the arguments on that side? If so, my current vote is surely a "me too", as I voted with eight or so other people against for the sole reason of the red link. Just wonder what other people think. Oleg Alexandrov 03:42, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, you know where I stand on this, though since I have formally stood aside on the decision itself, I will respect whatever decision you finally make. However, I can't agree to UC's discounting of Lst27's vote. S/he is a logged-in, regular editor, and, numerically, a vote is a vote. There is no precedent to completely discount it. As to timing, it is fairly well established that editors can continue to vote until a bureaucrat takes formal action. This places the current vote below the 75% threshhold.

 * If you discount Lst27's "me-too" vote, the only oppose not to have some discussion, then it raises the question of dumping the following "support" votes:
 * JuntungWu: "Fine"
 * BrokenSegue: "Ditto"
 * Mailer Diablo: (no discussion)
 * MikeX: (no discussion)
 * Mirv: (no discussion)
 * utcursch: (no discussion)
 * Xezbeth: (no discussion).
 * So my tally is 25 support, 10 opposed, 3 neutral. That is 71.5%. The neutral are support IF he had a user page. He has no user page. q.e.d. -- Cecropia | explains it all ® 03:44, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Extension notice
I have posted a 48-hour (from the original end time) extension on this nomination. With all due respect to Uninvited Company's good intentions, there is no precedent for closing a vote, but not promoting or removing. UC and I are not the only bureaucrats. With a formal extension, Wikipedians can put their opinion in concrete form in affirming or revoking their votes, or extending their remarks. Those who have not voted can decide to do so. -- Cecropia | explains it all ® 04:01, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * An extension is a good idea. It is one thing that I support Uncle G's nomination, and another thing for a promotion to go through without solid support from across the community. Judging from the numbers as I write this (35/15/4) this is going to be a very close call. However, I oppose excluding Lst27's vote, simply because unless he's been banned by ArbCom or Jimbo from participating in RFA, his vote should be counted in a decision. Also, he frequently does "me too" votes - but so what? A lot of nominations are very straight forward "yes" or "no" cases (in my view anyway) so this behaviour should not be odd. --JuntungWu 05:20, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

wiktionary
Just in case it hasnt been included here, Uncle G is on the path for adminship over at Wiktionary too (See this page), where he spends a bit of time doing good transwiki-ing. He would have my support for adminship on both projects, getting rid of finished transwiki jobs and such. --Mountaga Tall) 14:52, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

So what's happening?!
The vote - and this discussion - seems to be in limbo. I don't think it's worth me commenting further - I've voted and said why. I implore the bureaucrats to come to a decision. Dan100 11:40, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Cecropia waited until several hours past the revised deadline, and then removed the discussion as no consensus (Wikipedia talk:Requests for adminship). The discussion of changing the rules, that UninvitedCompany mentioned and that I suggested, has not occurred.  Dbiv made some additions to his entry on Requests for adminship/Standards, but he is the only one and that is all that has happened.  No discussion of changing Requests for adminship has ensued, possibly because those who assert that there is a consensus to do so can count as well as User:Lord Emsworth can. ☺  Uncle G 12:19, 2005 Apr 21 (UTC)
 * Apropos my entry on the RFA standards page, I added it after this nomination - the debate on it had set a train of thought in my mind. However I don't think it's reasonable to change the rules after a nomination has commenced. Just wanted to make that clear. Dbiv 20:06, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)


text:
MO5

MO5 may refer to:
 * Memories Off 5 The Unfinished Film, a Japanese visual novel
 * Thomson MO5, a home computer
 * Former name used by MI5

title: MO5


text:
User talk:Operation Wikipedian Freedom

Please provide justification on the talk pages of the article before you add those tags. Gamaliel 02:29, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Hello, Libertas. Shouldn't Lebanon be moved off your "regime change" list, seeing as how it just overthrew the Syrian puppet government? What, you don't read the papers? --Neutralitytalk 02:32, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)

This person needs to get a life and learn to LOVE!

Wikipedia is FREE
Why do we need to be liberated? Everything good or bad is here and needs to be respected!

title: User talk:Operation Wikipedian Freedom


text:
Talk:Spokane, Washington

"Derided" for lack of diversity?
Spokane's population may not be diverse, but that cannot be a reason for criticism, much less "derision". It is a fact, that is all. I suggest that the unreferenced claim that "Spokane has been criticized and sometimes derided for its lack of diversity and multicultural offerings" be deleted. There is also a bizarre confusion between diversity of population, and "multicultural offerings", whatever that means.Royalcourtier (talk) 10:29, 23 February 2017 (UTC)

[redacted]

 * I've removed the language about "derided" but left the criticism idea because there are a couple of citations. Killiondude (talk) 16:39, 14 August 2018 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 5 external links on Spokane, Washington. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/699nOulzi?url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt to http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20161019182931/https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015-3.html to http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015-3.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080101160345/http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp to http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20160602200744/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015.html to http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141214162235/http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=CF to http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=CF

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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120204185852/http://rra.hartsem.edu/finkescheitlearticle.htm to http://rra.hartsem.edu/finkescheitlearticle.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141121103518/http://www.dioceseofspokane.org/about_us.php to http://www.dioceseofspokane.org/about_us.php

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Mass changes by IPv6 user
Pinging interested parties: Doug Weller and SounderBruce

Hi. I don't have a lot of time today to discuss this, but Special:Contribs/2001:5b0:4fd1:a378:18fb:f54d:609e:a090 has made numerous (large) changes to the article. I've left a warning on their talk page as it seems to involve edit warring. While the edits seem with positive intentions, some are ill-advised (removing citations without providing another) and others are plain wrong. IP user, could you please refrain from make huge edits to the article while we sort out what you've done so far? Thanks. Killiondude (talk) 01:36, 13 May 2019 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Anonymous user, it doesn't matter what username or IP address you use while editing this page—if you make egregious edits, they will be reverted. Excelsiorsbanjo (talk) 18:00, 13 May 2019 (UTC)

 * I also agree. Doug Weller  talk 18:36, 13 May 2019 (UTC)
 * The changes I made represent about 2.5 MB of difference between versions. I wouldnt consider it a significant edit, but the amount of little things that I tried to fix was a lot. I am just trying to cleanup the article and I would like help and input. I tried to engage in discussion on Killion's Talk page but nobody has been willing to work together to solve the issues. So far, I havent been able to change the typos I corrected because all the work I put in has just been 100% reverted if someone is not satisfied with every single change that was made. I am requesting the content gatekeepers of the page if I can redo some of changes that I explained in detail in the edit sums. I want to change the typos, deadlinks, MoS fixes and make no changes to content at this point.2001:5B0:4FD1:E278:352E:326C:C774:CA1B (talk) 01:11, 22 May 2019 (UTC)
 * There are no gatekeepers. If you want to make useful edits (i.e., edits which do not include the removal of references, or reversion of changes that are referenced, or are in any way surreptitious), nobody will oppose you. Making small, incremental edits will help people to not think you are up to the same nonsense if indeed you are not. Excelsiorsbanjo (talk) 01:21, 22 May 2019 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately it's a common mistake to discuss an article on an editor's talk page - those discussions should almost always be on the article talk page. Doug Weller  talk 15:58, 22 May 2019 (UTC)
 * There are gatekeepers, if what is allowed on this page is only what you judge as "useful" then that means there are limits to what edits, goodfaith or not can be made. I dont care who did what or whatever, from here on, I just want to help cleanup the page a bit. I have been stopped from doing that because people have been just reverting everything I did instead of either fixing what they didnt like or only partially reverting whats problematic. Lets communicate and work on this together.
 * I dont want to dwell on this but please assume good faith and lets not get hysterical about any edits and keep things in perspective. If all my changes are rejected again, it wont matter one bit to my life or anybody elses. I know I didnt do an edit summary, but there are lots little minor edits without them. I just made lots of little edits pretty much in one swoop; its impossible to make a secret edit on this website since everything is logged and reviewed. I never expected anybody to have hangups about what I saw as pretty minor cleanup. It seems like I have permission to redo some of the edits that arent touchy and dealing with references. Thanks for listening and helping.
 * Who made that A-Class icon and why is it there? Why is this article the only article that Ive ever seen with that? I havent come across one and if there is one show me because Id like to see. I see none in Category:A-Class military history articles. It wasnt there on the earliest version of the page that is available right now in this articles History >>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spokane,_Washington&oldid=714144705 so who put it there and why is this article the only article that has this new icon? Is this article just so special that we just wanted to be different? Does anybody that makes the standards on this website know thats there and do they approve of it? If anybody knows who put that there, can we ask them? It seems annoying to me that we are just whipping up stuff and throwing it on there.
 * 2001:5B0:4FD1:E278:352E:326C:C774:CA1B (talk)
 * Your continued use of calling others' responses as "hysterical" isn't endearing nor collaborative. Killiondude (talk) 01:41, 23 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Not reading all that. As already stated, make good edits and people will accept them. Spokane is not a controversial subject on Wikipedia, all you have to do is not remove references or have an agenda contrary to truth. Excelsiorsbanjo (talk) 03:03, 23 May 2019 (UTC)
 * I mean it’s not that hard to find but a container of all A-Class articles can be found here.  red sparta  •••  talk to me  07:05, 23 May 2019 (UTC)
 * I only used it once, but maybe 'hysterical' is the wrong word. I just wanted to help fix some issues I see in the article and help out. I was hopeful before but nothing seems to be open to discussion or collaboration. I introduced no new content that wasnt cited with an existing source on the website so nothing should be untruthful. Please read more carefully, I wasnt saying I cant find any other AClass articles, I was saying that none have a makeshift icon in the top right corner next to the GA icon. I think this is likely because the A-Class article review thing is more new and hasnt been adopted on all the WikiProjects and all of Wikipedia. I found that User talk:Howpper put the first A-class icon on the top page of a Wikipedia article on May 24, 2018: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spokane%2C_Washington&type=revision&diff=842711151&oldid=842615922.
 * Im not going to try to change these bigger issues, people are really possessive over this page and want to keep it just the way it is. Ill just put back the minor changes that I think we can all get behind that were blanket reverted before. I dont plan on making anymore changes to any Wikipedia article or Talk ever again and Im going to use time my time doing other things and leave it at that. Thanks2001:5B0:4FC1:74A8:89E3:CB2D:60BD:BF32 (talk) 18:01, 25 May 2019 (UTC)

Official nickname
A nickname being unofficial by definition and therefore an official nickname being oxymoronic aside:

The claim that Spokane's official nickname is the "Lilac City" is also uncited, and in accordance with WP:VERIFY (a Wikipedia policy), and WP:CITENEED, I have altered this claim to not be apparently false.

You will not likely find a source for this claim because there doesn't appear to be one. I'm confident of this because I abhor drive-by tagging, and instead of tagging this assertion as, I have already looked for evidence supporting it and found none whatsoever. While I believe in possibilities very much, and I invite you, if you truly desire, to seek out and find evidence, I do not believe it exists. It does not seem to be claimed officially at the City's website, in the City's municipal code, or in any City newspaper of record. It is a nickname, but like virtually all nicknames used with an understanding of the meaning of the word, it is not apparently official.

As with the claim you made simultaneously that lilacs are native to Spokane, the claim of this nickname being in some way official is also false.

Thanks for your time. Excelsiorsbanjo (talk) 05:52, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
 * As someone who has, and still currently lives, in Spokane, I can confirm that it is not an entirely official nickname. However, there are signs throughout the city that call it the "Lilac City", we have a marathon, known as the Lilac Bloomsday Run and we have a Lilac Festival/Parade (https://spokanelilacfestival.org/history/). Here are a few links explaining why people call it the "Lilac City.":  https://my.spokanecity.org/parks/gardens/lilac/, https://www.kxly.com/dispute-on-how-spokane-became-the-lilac-city/, http://www.meganperkinsart.com/blog/2017/6/8/the-lilac-city . However, even if this is not the official nickname, the Lilac Variety that is named after Spokane is indeed true. Also, as stated in the provided links, the Lilac is not native to here, it was an introduced species that was brought from another continent. So, definitely not entirely an official nickname, but we could probably still mention it as long as it is disclosed that it is in no way  completely official,  but rather a local nickname, that is  associated with Spokane. 🌀CycloneFootball71🏈 |sandbox  06:46, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
 * It's definitely a nickname, no doubt about it. I'm not sure the best way to word it, or even if one needs to describe it more verbosely than as a nickname, but I'm very sure describing it as 'official' is incorrect. Excelsiorsbanjo (talk) 04:41, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Visit Spokane acknowledges it as the official nickname. https://www.visitspokane.com/things-to-do/seasonal/spring/ Jdubman (talk) 18:59, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Visit Spokane is a third party marketing firm whose texts are not official codifications of government decisions. If they were, then Spokane Falls would be "MOTHER NATURE'S FAVORITE FALLS" (as stated on visitspokane.com's index page) according to the city of Spokane — a pointless, unprovable, marketing statement. Excelsiorsbanjo (talk) 05:53, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
 * I've added a number of secondary reliable sources below, I'll add more but there's a lot of sources that refer to Spokane as [The] Lilac City. I've added selected quotes (with emphasis added) from the article to the cite web citations. —Locke Cole • t • c 20:29, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Added some more from other sources. Any of the sources below work? I think the parks department spokeswoman (Nancy Goodspeed) in the A designer bloom for Lilac City article stating the source of the nickname ought to be sufficient but perhaps there are others. —Locke Cole • t • c 23:29, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
 * And again, it's definitely a nickname and the most popular one for our city. It's simply not official (as indeed virtually no nickname is), and should therefore not be described as such. Excelsiorsbanjo (talk) 06:05, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
 * I don't believe anything short of some codified text originated directly from the city council or mayor's office could make it correct to be described as 'official'. In the context of a governed realm, it is the legislation of that realm that makes a thing official or not. There is apparently no government-derived legislation, decree, order, or anything of the like describing this nickname as official. In my opinion, however, for what it's worth, I don't really think not describing it as 'official' diminishes the nickname. Nicknames are unofficial by definition. There is no need for a nickname to be official. It's almost better without being official. Excelsiorsbanjo (talk) 05:41, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
 * See the reference I added below, #8, which is from the City of Spokane Finance Department's 2016 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report. —Locke Cole • t • c 06:19, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
 * I do agree with Excelsiorbanjo here, no need for nicknames to be official, and there is nothing wrong with that. Has anyone seen anything from Nadine Woodward or any of our previous governors about anything related to the nickname? To me, that might be enough to possibly consider the nickname as official, though it would depend on what was said. 🌀CycloneFootball71🏈 |sandbox 13:18, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Your reference #8 does not include the word 'official'. I have no issue saying Spokane's nickname is 'the Lilac City', only with asserting it is somehow an "official" nickname, whatever that might mean. This text is also apparently copied & pasted directly from our own uncited article, which had this precise wording for a long time after it was added in 2007 . In fact you might note that despite almost certainly taking this text from our Wikipedia article, the word 'official' was explicitly removed, as our article had it at that time. Further, a financial report by the stated authors would still not carry the weight to make such a thing official (if in fact they had used the word 'official', which again they had not). Excelsiorsbanjo (talk) 00:04, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
 * First, the "text was copied and pasted" couldn't be more generic and clearly have differences:
 * {| class="wikitable"

 * City of Spokane, Washington2016 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (pdf)
 * Spokane’s nickname is the “Lilac City”, named after the flowers that have flourished in the area since the early 20th century.
 * Wikipedia entry (2007-06-16T16:36:35)
 * Spokane's official nickname is the 'Lilac City', named after the flowers that have flourished ever since their introduction to the area in the early 20th century.
 * }
 * Spokane's official nickname is the 'Lilac City', named after the flowers that have flourished ever since their introduction to the area in the early 20th century.
 * }

 * I think you're unnecessarily hung up on the word "official". A City of Spokane document, prepared with and containing an introductory statement written by the City of Spokane CFO in his official capacity as the Chief Financial Officer of the City of Spokane states that the "nickname" for the City of Spokane is the "Lilac City". Of course it would be nice if there was some proclamation or Spokane Municipal Code passed to state this, but given the high level this document comes from it's as "official" as it needs to be for us. —Locke Cole • t • c 00:53, 11 May 2021 (UTC)

 * Can we just rephrase the lead-in to the article to read: "It is known as the birthplace of Father's Day, and occasionally by the its nickname of the "Lilac City"? The "occasionally by the nickname" wording just sounds awkward. Jdubman (talk) 02:04, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
 * I think Cyclone's just done that. Looks good in my opinion. Excelsiorsbanjo (talk) 17:52, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
 * While this isn't exactly about the "Lilac City" Nickname, I think it was very relevant here, and so I wanted let you all know that I have updated the article to also mention about the the new nickname known as "Hooptown USA" and a little bit behind the reason. Also, I included Officially in the sentence, as per Excelsiorbanjo above, as the City Council passed a "resolution", that officially designated it as the nickname of our city. Just thought that I'd point that out to you all, as it is in regards to separate names for the city, and in regards to how Official it might be. Thanks all for your time. 🌀CycloneFootball71🏈 |sandbox  01:53, 9 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Heh. Funny ole world. Excelsiorsbanjo (talk) 20:07, 9 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Definitely. 🌀CycloneFootball71🏈 |sandbox 03:14, 10 June 2021 (UTC)

Lilac City sources

 * (emphasis added to quote selections, emphasis not in source)

Including ACS Data
User:SpokaneWilly and User:SounderBruce, wanted to ping y'all cause you two were going back and forth on reverting my addition of the 2022 ACS data. After I made them, I was made aware of the guideline WP:USCITY, and its suggestion to primarily use Decennial Census data. I'm in the (kinda slow) process of reworking my script to be in more line with the guideline.

I don't have a super strong opinion on whether or not to keep my additions in full or to have a briefer summary, but I wanted to link the guideline, mention that I did it all with a script rather than by hand, and also see if agreement could be reached? GrapesRock (talk) 16:36, 25 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spokane, Washington


text:
Rover 2000

Two different automobiles from Rover have been called the 2000:
 * Rover P6, 1963-1977
 * Rover SD1, 1976-1986

title: Rover 2000


text:
Jiří Welsch

Jiří Welsch (born 27 January 1980) is a Czech former professional basketball player for BK Pardubice of the Czech Republic National Basketball League. He has also represented the senior Czech Republic national basketball team. Welsch has played in the National Basketball Association in the United States, having been drafted in 2002 by the Philadelphia 76ers.

Early years
Welsch began his professional career as a teenager with BK JIP Pardubice of the Czech Republic League, where he played until 1998. He then signed with CSA Sparta Prague of the Czech Republic League for the 1998–99 season, and then he moved to Union Olimpija Ljubljana of the Slovenian League, where he played until 2002. He was named the Slovenian League Most Valuable Player following the 2001–02 season campaign.

NBA
Welsch was drafted by the NBA's Philadelphia 76ers with the 16th selection of the 2002 NBA draft, but he was immediately traded to the Golden State Warriors for a future first-round draft pick and a future first- or second-round draft pick. He spent one season with the Warriors, averaging 1.6 points per game, 0.8 rebounds per game, and 0.7 assists per game in 37 games in the 2002–03 season before he was traded to the Dallas Mavericks, along with Antawn Jamison, Chris Mills and Danny Fortson, in exchange for Evan Eschmeyer, Nick Van Exel, Avery Johnson, Popeye Jones and Antoine Rigaudeau on 18 August 2003. Without ever playing a game for them, Welsch, along with Mills, Raef LaFrentz and a lottery-protected 2004 NBA draft pick, was traded by Dallas to the Boston Celtics on 20 October 2003 in exchange for Antoine Walker and Tony Delk. Welsch started 68 games for the Celtics in the 2003–04 season, averaging 9.2 points per game.

Welsch averaged 8.5 points, 3.2 rebounds, and 2.0 assists per game in 136 games played (100 of them starts) in 2003–04 and 2004–05, while playing with the Celtics. On 24 February 2005, Welsch was traded to the Cleveland Cavaliers for a future 2007 first-round draft pick.

On 28 June 2005, Welsch was traded by the Cavs to the Milwaukee Bucks for a 2006 second-round draft pick.

Welsch's final NBA game was played in Game 5 of the 2006 Eastern Conference First Round on 3 May 2006, against the Detroit Pistons. The Bucks would lose the game 93–122 and drop the series to Detroit 4–1, with Welsch recording 2 points, 1 assist and 1 rebound.

Back to Europe
In August 2006, Welsch decided to leave the NBA, and he signed with the Spanish ACB league club Unicaja Málaga. After playing with Estudiantes Madrid, he signed a contract with Spirou Basket, of Belgium, in July 2011. In 2012, he signed with ČEZ Nymburk. He joined BK Pardubice in 2017.

National team career
Welsch has been a member of the senior Czech Republic national basketball team. He played at the following EuroBasket tournaments: the 1999 EuroBasket, the 2007 EuroBasket, the 2013 EuroBasket, the 2015 EuroBasket, and the 2017 EuroBasket.

title: Jiří Welsch


text:
Talk:Corporal of Bolsena

Neutrality
This article is written in a very condescending tone with little or no citation to authority on the history of the events at issue. Additionally, while the author is highly skeptical of the veracity of the Orvieto Eucharistic Miracle, s/he does not cite to any Roman Catholic authority on the subject. Needs some serious cleaning up. --TheTriumvir 21:19, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

I agree. The article definitely has a pro-Catholicism and pro-religion overtone. co94 Nov 29, 2006

I believe this article is about as Neutral as one can get. The above statements argue for this, one states it is condescending the other pro-Catholic. I believe it is a little of both, therefore neutral.

Plus the article appears to be almost entirely sourced from the Catholic Encyclopedia! Some people are hard to please. Johnbod 01:32, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

I added the word "allegedly" in reference to the host bleeding. Obviously many people do not accept for a second that this actually happened, only that some say it did. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.11.76.235 (talk) 08:41, 24 September 2011 (UTC)

Latin
We need a translation of propter miraculum aliquod for those of us who don't speak Latin.

Also, is Corporal related to the English word Corporeal? (I thought this referred to someone of the military rank of 'corporal' until I got into the article).

I just found the definition for corporal as A white linen cloth on which the consecrated elements are placed during the celebration of the Eucharist. at dictionary.com. I've paraphrased and added. There is no article on this definition of corporal at this time. RJFJR 02:41, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)

the words corporal and corporeal are related from the Latin word corpus, body. the Corporal in Catholic use is the cloth on which the Body of Christ is placed during Mass. A military Corporal is concerned with the bodies, that is the physical needs, of the troops and superiors. Corporeal means 'bodily'.128.100.110.82 (talk) 15:22, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

Final paragraph
The last paragraph has links that don't actually back up the text itself. I recommend removing it. Thespringfieldfive (talk) 03:06, 3 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Corporal of Bolsena


text:
Aaron Heilman

Aaron Michael Heilman (born November 12, 1978) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. Heilman was drafted by the New York Mets out of Notre Dame in 2001. He came up through the Mets system as a starting pitcher, but was converted to a relief pitcher in 2005.

High school years
Heilman was born in Logansport, Indiana and attended Logansport High School, where he was a letterman in baseball. As a senior, he was a team M.V.P. and an All-State selection. Heilman graduated from Logansport High School in 1997.

College career
After a successful college career at the University of Notre Dame, he was selected by the New York Mets in the first round of the 2001 amateur draft with the 18th overall pick. Heilman was a management information systems and philosophy major in the Mendoza College of Business at the University of Notre Dame.

He was drafted by the New York Yankees in the 55th round of the 1997 Major League Baseball Draft and by the Minnesota Twins in the first round (31st overall) of the 2000 Major League Baseball Draft, but did not sign either for either team.

New York Mets
Heilman was selected by the Mets in the first round (18th overall) of the 2001 Major League Baseball Draft. He signed and made his professional debut that year with the Class-A Advanced St. Lucie Mets. He pitched for the Double-A Binghamton Mets and Triple-A Norfolk Tides in 2002, and began the 2003 season with the Tides.

Heilman made his major league debut at Shea Stadium on June 26, 2003, in a 6–1 loss to the Florida Marlins. He posted an earned run average of 5.93 as a starter for 2003, 2004 and the beginning of 2005. Heilman's finest game came as a starter on April 15, 2005, when he made a start in place of the injured Kris Benson and pitched a one-hit complete game shutout. However, he was converted to a relief pitcher for the rest of 2005 and excelled with an ERA of only 2.18. In the second half of the 2005 season, he held a 0.68 ERA, leading the league.

In Game 7 of the 2006 National League Championship Series, Heilman surrendered a tie-breaking, two-run home run in the top of the ninth inning to Yadier Molina of the St. Louis Cardinals, putting St. Louis ahead 3–1. St. Louis would hold on to the lead to win the National League pennant, while Heilman suffered the loss for the Mets.

Seattle Mariners
After a dismal 2008 season, Heilman was traded to the Seattle Mariners in a three team trade for J. J. Putz.

Chicago Cubs
On January 28, 2009, the Mariners traded him to the Chicago Cubs for Ronny Cedeño and Garrett Olson.

Arizona Diamondbacks
On November 19, 2009, Heilman was acquired by the Diamondbacks, in return for Scott Maine and Ryne White. He elected free agency on November 7, 2010.

He re-signed with them on January 18, 2011. He was expected to compete for a spot in the starting rotation. He was released on July 19, 2011.

Philadelphia Phillies
The Phillies signed a minor league contract with Heilman on July 22, 2011. He was assigned to the Triple-A Lehigh Valley IronPigs. He was released on August 20, 2011.

Pittsburgh Pirates
Heilman signed a minor league contract with the Pittsburgh Pirates on August 21, 2011, and was assigned to the Triple-A Indianapolis Indians. He elected free agency on November 2, 2011.

Seattle Mariners
Heilman signed a minor league contract with the Seattle Mariners on January 10, 2012, with an invite to Spring Training. He was released on April 1.

Texas Rangers
Heilman signed a minor league deal with the Texas Rangers on April 4, 2012, and was assigned to the Triple-A Round Rock Express. He elected free agency on November 2, 2012.

title: Aaron Heilman


text:
JW

JW may refer to:

 * Jack Wills, a clothing company
 * Jehovah's Witnesses, a Christian religious group
 * John Wick, an action film franchise (since 2014) starring Keanu Reeves
 * Joko Widodo, 7th president of Indonesia, 16th governor of Jakarta and 15th mayor of Surakarta
 * Juice WRLD (1998-2019), An American rapper and singer
 * Jurassic World, 2015 adventure film by Colin Trevorrow
 * Jurassic World (franchise), the Jurassic World franchise originating with the 2015 film
 * JW, a patient with a "split brain"
 * JW, the catalogue of works by Leoš Janáček
 * The Jewish War, history book by Josephus
 * Vanilla Air (2013-2019, IATA code JW), a Japanese airline
 * Arrow Air (1947-2010, IATA code JW), an American cargo airline
 * JW (Hong Kong singer), a Hong Kong singer and actress
 * ⟨jʷ⟩, IPA for a voiced labial–palatal approximant

title: JW


text:
Quicken

Quicken is a personal finance management application originally developed and offered by Intuit, Inc. Intuit sold Quicken to H.I.G. Capital in 2016, and H.I.G. sold Quicken to Aquiline Capital Partners in 2021.

Quicken runs on Windows and Macintosh systems, though the data is incompatible between the two versions. Earlier versions ran on DOS and the Apple II. Versions of Quicken range from "starter" editions to more advanced offerings. Since 1998, each version has tended to have the release year in the product name (e.g., Quicken Basic 2008); before then, versions were numbered (e.g., Quicken 8 for DOS).

Quicken is available for purchase and use only in Canada and the United States, and only in English.

Product description
The Quicken name typically refers to the core product offering of personal financial management software. The software includes financial planning activities that, historically, people may have done on paper – recording banking transactions, planning a budget and measuring progress against it, tracking investments and their prices and performance. Quicken has offered various editions, with varying prices – such as Basic which includes only those typical activities for someone with simple banking accounts, to Small Business for someone who also runs a business out of their home.

Quicken includes online services that allow users to retrieve transactions from various providers – such as their bank or credit card company. In most cases, online services and technical support are now supported for up to three years after the product's labeled version. e.g. Quicken 2018 will be supported until 2021.

Related products
The Quicken brand had extended to other personal and household areas, including healthcare, but these extra applications are now defunct.

Quicken Health Expense Tracker was a free online tool for healthcare consumers enrolled in participating health plans. Users could "manage and direct their health care finances, view and organize medical expenses, payments and service histories, and download and organize personal health claims data." The Quicken Medical Expense Manager was a desktop software tool for managing healthcare paperwork, tracking claims and payments, and consolidating related information.

Quicken Kids & Money was a Web-based program that aimed to help parents teach five- to eight-year-old children how to earn, spend, save, and share money.

The only remaining extended product is Quicken Home & Business, which is aimed at smaller/less complex businesses than would use QuickBooks. Quicken Home & Business encompasses management of rental properties, and is only available on the Windows platform.

Software as a service
Quicken Online was a free, hosted solution (see software as a service) by Intuit. Intuit hosted all of the user's data, provided patches and regularly upgraded the software automatically. Initially, this was launched as a monthly paid subscription, and was a free service for over a year.

Intuit completed the acquisition of competitor Mint.com on November 2, 2009. Quicken Online was discontinued on August 29, 2010, and users were encouraged to transition to Mint.com. When Intuit sold Quicken to H.I.G. Capital, Mint.com remained with Intuit rather than being part of Quicken.

Quicken introduced a cloud-based service, Simplifi, in 2020.

Beginning with Quicken 2018, the Quicken desktop software became a subscription service, with support provided with the subscription. Annual memberships can be purchased directly from Quicken.com. Quicken no longer associates the year with the release, the name is merely e.g. "Quicken Deluxe".

Editions
The following are current (selling and supported) and retired (discontinued in both sales and support) versions of Quicken.

Current

 * Quicken Classic Starter, Deluxe, and Premier for Windows or Mac; support is for the duration of the subscription
 * Quicken Classic Business & Personal for Windows or Mac; support is for the duration of the subscription
 * Quicken Simplifi

Retired

(Dates retired are shown.)

 * Starter, Deluxe, Premier, Home & Business, Rental Property Manager 2017 - April 30, 2020
 * Starter, Deluxe, Premier, Home & Business, Rental Property Manager 2016 - April 30, 2019
 * Starter, Deluxe, Premier, Home & Business, Rental Property Manager 2015 - April 30, 2018
 * Starter, Deluxe, Premier, Home & Business, Rental Property Manager 2014 - April 30, 2017
 * Starter, Deluxe, Premier, Home & Business, Rental Property Manager 2013 - April 30, 2016
 * Starter, Deluxe, Premier, Home & Business, Rental Property Manager 2012 - April 30, 2015
 * Starter, Deluxe, Premier, Home & Business Edition 2011 - April 30, 2014
 * Starter, Deluxe, Premier, Home & Business, Rental Property Manager 2010 - April 30, 2013
 * Starter, Deluxe, Premier, Home & Business 2009 - April 30, 2012
 * Basic, Deluxe, Premier, Home & Business 2008 - April 27, 2011
 * Basic, Deluxe, Premier, Home & Business 2007 - April 30, 2010
 * 2006 (Win) – April 30, 2009
 * 2005 (Win) – April 30, 2008
 * 2004 – April 30, 2007
 * 2003 – April 25, 2006
 * 2002 – April 19, 2005
 * 2001 – April 19, 2005
 * 2000 – May 18, 2004
 * 98 and 99 – April 20, 2004
 * Version 6 for Windows. "Designed for Windows 95. Release 6.0. (c) 1996"
 * Version 3 for Windows 3.1
 * Quicken Essentials for Mac - April 30, 2015
 * Quicken for Mac 2007 - retired October 2016
 * Quicken Mac 2007 OS X Lion compatible - retired October 2016
 * Quicken for Mac 2006
 * Quicken for Mac 2005 - retired April 30, 2015

Problems
Intuit stopped supporting its Quicken software in the United Kingdom in 2005, leaving many thousands of users with only partly functional software.

In 2008 and 2009, Quicken users reported an unusually large number of software bugs for a commercial product. A review of Quicken 2010 suggests that quality and user interface in that product year is dramatically improved.

As of 2022 Existing Quicken Online users' data is transferable/importable into Mint.com. This is in direct contrast to VP Aaron Patzer's promise, made on April 27, 2010: "[Until the merger with Mint.com is complete], you can continue to use Quicken Online just like you have. Once we have completed integrating all features to Mint, you will be able to easily transfer your information and data to ensure the smoothest transition possible."

History of Quicken on Mac
Quicken was originally written for MS-DOS and the Apple II back in 1983 and first released in 1984. The substantial differences between the Mac and these two platforms meant the later Macintosh version was written from the ground up. This led to incompatibilities between the file formats for the earlier versions and the Macintosh version.

When Mac OS X came out in 1999 (server) and 2001 (desktop), a new platform emerged. Apple provided backward compatibility with the classic Mac OS in Mac OS X, so Quicken for Mac development continued in an older platform database structure (PowerPC-based). After they switched the Mac from PowerPC to Intel processors, Apple continued to support PowerPC-based apps (via Rosetta) on their Intel-based Macs until Mac OS X Lion.

In 2012, Quicken for Mac 2007 on Intel was released. Intuit decided to start from scratch and Quicken Essentials for Mac (QEM) was created in 2010. Quicken 2015 for Mac, released in August 2014, and later versions for Mac are built on the Quicken Essentials for Mac foundation. These newer versions of Quicken for Mac use an SQLite database.

title: Quicken


text:
Brian Ralph

Brian Ralph (born 1973) is an American alternative cartoonist. His illustrations have appeared in Wired and the New York Post. His debut graphic novel, Cave-In, was nominated for three Harvey Awards, one Eisner Award, and listed as one of the Comics Journal 's "five best comics of 1999". His second graphic novel, Climbing Out, was awarded a Xeric Grant in 2001. His third graphic novel, Daybreak, was published by Drawn & Quarterly in September 2011.

Biography
Ralph grew up in Metuchen, New Jersey and graduated from Metuchen High School in 1992. He graduated from the Rhode Island School of Design in 1996, where he first began publishing his mini-comic Fireball. He is a member of the underground art collective known as Fort Thunder.

During the 2003–2004 school year, he taught at The Key School.

Ralph was an adjunct professor in the Illustration department at the Maryland Institute College of Art, where he taught Sequential Art, Character Development, Narrative Illustration, and Illustration Concepts.

Ralph currently teaches Sequential Art at Savannah College of Art and Design.

Ralph lives in Savannah, Georgia, with his children.

title: Brian Ralph


text:
Mount Agamenticus

Mount Agamenticus is a 692 ft high monadnock in the town of York, Maine. The area surrounding the summit is a park reservation which provides habitat for wildlife and a venue for recreation. The greater Agamenticus region covers nearly 30,000 acre in the southern Maine towns of Eliot, Ogunquit, South Berwick, Wells and York.

Though under 700 ft high, Mount Agamenticus was historically a noted landmark for sailors. Mount Agamenticus is also affectionately known by older locals as "Big A," the nickname of a ski slope that once operated on its northeast flank, remnants of which can be seen both near the summit and along the trails. A memorial cairn to Mi'kmaq chief St. Aspinquid, who allegedly converted to Christianity, is located near the summit.

History
In 1614, Captain John Smith explored and charted the Gulf of Maine.

Name
Upon returning to London Mason presented his record of the New World, complete with aboriginal place names, to Prince Charles, "...humbly entreating his Highnesse hee would please to change their barbarous names for such English, as posteritie might say Prince Charles was their God-father..." He complied, and his choices were featured on the map published in 1616 that accompanied Smith's A Description of New England. On paper, the mountain's Indian name, "Sassanows," became "Snadoun Hill." But many royal recommendations were not retained. Instead, the mountain would assume the general name of the York settlement of 1630, the "Plantation of Agamenticus," which itself took the Abenaki name for the York River.

Plantation of Agamenticus
The Agamenticus plantation was personally established from afar by Sir Ferdinando Gorges, whom received an original land charter in 1606.

St. Aspinquid
St. Aspinquid (St. Aspenquid) was an alleged Mi'kmaq sachem around whom little is known, including whether he ever even existed.

He allegedly was murdered in 1696 and was declared a martyr and buried atop Mount Agamenticus.

According to legend, Saint Aspinquid (sometimes Aspenquid) was born in May 1588, and after converting to Christianity, spread the gospel to tribes across the continent.

His funeral and burial atop Mount Agamenticus in May 1682, at which 6,712 animals were allegedly sacrificed, was allegedly attended by hundreds, even thousands, of Native Americans.

Numerous people have written and questioned the legendary account, even to the point of challenging the existence of St. Aspinquid. Some have suggested the Saint is a fanciful version of real Chief Passaconaway. In the 1881 essay A Winter Drive, Seacoast literary legend Sarah Orne Jewett remarked that "...I could never trace this legend beyond a story in one of the county newspapers, and I have never heard any tradition among the people that bears the least likeness to it."

A symbolic cairn on the summit stands as memorial to the Aspinquid legend.

As a ski area
Mount Agamenticus has the highest elevation of any hill within its distance to the ocean from Portland, Maine, to Brownsville, Texas. The ski area there, The Big A, had a 2,400 foot double chairlift, a 1,200 foot T-Bar, and a rope tow, and was supplemented with both snowmaking and night skiing. At its peak the area had nine trails spread over 500’ of vertical drop, including a mile long Beginner, two novice, two intermediate, and four Advanced. the facility had a summit lodge, complete with a ski shop and 400 car parking lot - on top the mountain, not at its base. The ski area operated from 1966 to 1974.

Today
Today there is a park at the summit, with a trail network covering the area. There is a large cell phone mast at the top, arrayed with various other antenna. It is one of the best places for viewing hawks in New England.

Trails

In addition to a road to the summit and limited parking there, the mountain has a network of trails for hiking. Its short access trail from the main parking area at the base leads to the ring trail, which encircles the mountain’s summit. Feeder trails off of it offer access to the top.

title: Mount Agamenticus


text: User talk:68.159.158.17

title: User talk:68.159.158.17


text:
Robert Haralick

Robert M. Haralick (born 1943) is Distinguished Professor in Computer Science at Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY). Haralick is one of the leading figures in computer vision, pattern recognition, and image analysis. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and a Fellow and past president of the International Association for Pattern Recognition. Professor Haralick is the King-Sun Fu Prize winner of 2016, "for contributions in image analysis, including remote sensing, texture analysis, mathematical morphology, consistent labeling, and system performance evaluation".

Biography
Haralick received a B.A. degree in mathematics from the University of Kansas in 1964, a B.S. degree in electrical engineering in 1966, and a M.S. degree in electrical engineering in 1967. In 1969, after completing his Ph.D. at the University of Kansas, he joined the faculty of the electrical engineering department, serving as professor from 1975 to 1978. In 1979 Haralick joined the electrical engineering department at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, where he was a professor and director of the spatial data analysis laboratory.

From 1984 to 1986 Haralick served as vice president of research at Machine Vision International, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Haralick occupied the Boeing Clairmont Egtvedt Professorship in the department of electrical engineering at the University of Washington from 1986 through 2000. At University of Washington, Haralick was an adjunct professor in the computer science department and the bioengineering department.

In 2000 Haralick accepted a Distinguished Professorship position at the computer science department of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York.

Contributions
Haralick began his work as one of the principal investigators of the NASA ERTS satellite data doing remote sensing image analysis.

Haralick has made a series of contributions in the field of computer vision. In the high-level vision area, he has worked on inferring 3D geometry from one or more perspective projection views. He has also identified a variety of vision problems which are special cases of the consistent labeling problem. His papers on consistent labeling, arrangements, relation homomorphism, matching, and tree search translate some specific computer vision problems to the more general combinatorial consistent labeling problem and then discuss the theory of the look-ahead operators that speed up the tree search. The most basic of these is called Forward Checking. This gives a framework for the control structure required in high-level vision problems. He has also extended the forward-checking tree search technique to propositional logic.

In the low-and mid-level areas, Haralick has worked in image texture analysis using spatial gray tone co-occurrence texture features. These features have been used with success on biological cell images, x-ray images, satellite images, aerial images and many other kinds of images taken at small and large scales. In the feature detection area, Haralick has developed the facet model for image processing. The facet model states that many low-level image processing operations can be interpreted relative to what the processing does to the estimated underlying gray tone intensity surface of which the given image is a sampled noisy version. The facet papers develop techniques for edge detection, line detection, noise removal, peak and pit detection, as well as a variety of other topographic gray tone surface features.

Haralick's work in shape analysis and extraction uses the techniques of mathematical morphology. He has developed the morphological sampling theorem which establishes a sound shape/size basis for the focus of attention mechanisms which can process image data in a multiresolution mode, thereby making some of the image feature extraction processes execute more efficiently. He has also developed recursive morphological algorithms for the computation of opening and closing transforms. The recursive algorithms permit all possible sized openings or closings for a given structuring element to be computed in constant time per pixel. He also developed statistical morphological methodologies for image analysis and noise removal. and noise removal

In the area of document image understanding, Haralick is responsible for the development of comprehensive ground-truthed databases consisting of over 1500 document images, most in English and some in Japanese. The databases are issued on CD-ROMs and are used all around the world by people developing character recognition methodologies and techniques for document image structural decomposition. He has developed algorithms for document image skew angle estimation, zone delineation, and word and text line bounding box delineation.

In a series of papers, Haralick has helped influence the computer vision community to be more sensitive to the needs of computer vision performance characterization and covariance propagation for without this kind of analysis Computer Vision has no robust theory.

Haralick has contributed to the medical image analysis area particularly working with X-ray ventriculargrams. and echocardiography, These papers developed techniques to identify and delineate anatomically accurate boundaries for the left ventricle of the heart.

His most recent work is in the pattern recognition area, particularly in the manifold clustering of high-dimensional data sets, the application of pattern recognition to mathematical combinatorial problems  and in the area of Torah codes popularly called Bible codes. In this area he has co-authored a book with Eliyahu Rips, one of the coauthors of the original Statistical Sciences paper. Haralick's research has helped develop sophisticated algorithmic and statistical methodology for Torah code experiments, methodology that he claims can differentiate between the tables that are depicted as encodings in books like Moby Dick and War and Peace from those encodings that occur in the Torah text.

Haralick is a Fellow of IEEE for his contributions in computer vision and image processing and a Fellow of the International Association for Pattern Recognition (IAPR) for his contributions in pattern recognition, image processing, and for service to IAPR. He served as president of IAPR from 1996 to 1998. He has served on the editorial board of "IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence" and has been the computer vision area editor for Communications of the ACM and as an associate editor for Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing, The IEEE Transactions on Image Processing and Pattern Recognition. He served on the editorial board of Real Time Imaging and the editorial board of Electronic Imaging. His publications include over 570 archival papers, book chapters, conference proceedings and books. The science citation index lists over 6300 references to his papers.

Haralick has been recognized for his academic research in the Marquis Who's Who books. He is listed in the current editions for Who's Who in the East, Who's Who in America, and Who's Who in the World.

title: Robert Haralick