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Wayne Routledge

Wayne Neville Anthony Routledge (born 7 January 1985) is an English former professional footballer who played as a winger. He represented England at under-16, under-19 and under-21 level.

Routledge began his career in London with Crystal Palace as a youth before making senior appearances with the first team. He then moved to Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur for two years but spent part of that time on loan to Portsmouth and Fulham. He made only five appearances with Tottenham before moving to Aston Villa for one season but only made two appearances and spent part of the time with Championship club Cardiff City on loan before a permanent transfer to fellow Championship team Queens Park Rangers.

After one season with them, he moved clubs again, this time to Newcastle United, helping them to win promotion and the Championship title. During his time there, he was loaned back to QPR who also sealed the title at the end of the season. After they were promoted, Routledge signed for Swansea City in 2011, where he remained until his retirement in 2021.

Early life
Routledge was born in Sidcup, London and attended Archbishop Lanfranc School in Croydon.

Crystal Palace
Routledge began his career at Crystal Palace. He made his debut in the Football League First Division on 31 October 2001, replacing Jovan Kirovski for the last two minutes of a 1–0 home loss to West Bromwich Albion, aged 16 years and 297 days. On 14 September 2002, he scored his first goal in the first minute of his first start, a 4–2 home win over Wolverhampton Wanderers. A week later, he was sent off in a 3–3 draw at Watford.

He was sent off on 9 August 2003 as the season opened with a 3–2 loss at Burnley, for tripping Luke Chadwick as Palace ended with nine men. Palace won promotion to the Premiership via the play-offs in 2003–04, and he was ever present as they went straight back down in 2004–05. After rejecting a £2 million approach in January, Tottenham Hotspur signed him on a deal effective from 1 July 2005. Though he was out of contract, his age meant that he would not leave on a Bosman transfer, and the two clubs agreed a compensation of £1.5 million.

Tottenham Hotspur
Routledge made his Tottenham debut on 13 August by starting in a 2–0 win at Portsmouth but suffered a stress fracture of the foot. He made his comeback on 12 December in the return fixture, coming on after 40 minutes for Teemu Tainio and making way in the 83rd for Andy Reid in a 3–1 win at White Hart Lane.

He was loaned to Portsmouth in the January 2006 transfer window and made 13 appearances as they avoided relegation.

On 31 August 2006, he was loaned for a year to Fulham as part of the deal that brought Steed Malbranque to Spurs. He made his debut on 9 September as a 34th-minute replacement for injury victim Jimmy Bullard in a 2–1 victory at Newcastle United, where he assisted a goal for Brian McBride. On 17 January 2007, he scored the winner in a 4–3 victory over Leicester City in the FA Cup fourth round.

Aston Villa
On 30 January 2008 Routledge joined Aston Villa on an 18-month contract in a deal worth £1.5 million. He made his first-team debut on 5 April as an 86th-minute substitute for Stiliyan Petrov in a 4–0 win against Bolton.

On 10 July 2008, Routledge was the subject of a scathing verbal attack from Crystal Palace chairman Simon Jordan. Jordan was giving an interview about now ex-Palace midfielder John Bostock, during which he used Routledge as an example of why he believed the youth player should not leave Palace to join Tottenham. He said Routledge "grabbed the money" of a Tottenham move before learning his trade at Palace, and had not become a first-teamer at any of his subsequent clubs.

Cardiff City
In November 2008 after making just one league appearance for Aston Villa so far during the season, Routledge was allowed to join Championship club Cardiff City on a two-month loan deal after the club suffered a double injury blow when both Joe Ledley and Peter Whittingham were ruled out for one and three months respectively. He made his debut for the club on 22 November in a 2–1 defeat to Plymouth Argyle during which he supplied the through pass for Michael Chopra to score Cardiff's only goal of the match. He scored his first goal for the club in just his second match when he found the net against Reading during a 2–2 draw on 25 November. He soon found the net for a second time, this time scoring Cardiff's second goal in the 2–2 draw at Burnley.

In the lead up to the opening of the January transfer window it was revealed that Cardiff had offered a fee of around £300,000 thousand in order to sign Routledge on a permanent deal. The transfer was expected to be completed prior to the clubs FA Cup third round match against Reading on 3 January, but the day before Routledge rejected the deal and was subsequently recalled from his loan spell.

Queens Park Rangers
On the same day that his loan spell at Cardiff was terminated, Routledge signed a $3 1/2$-year contract at fellow Championship club Queens Park Rangers for a fee of £600,000. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw with Coventry City on 10 January, and scored in his next match against Derby County a week later, where he also assisted the other goal by Mikele Leigertwood.

In a League Cup first round tie at Exeter City on 11 August 2009, Routledge scored a second half hat trick in a 5–0 win. Two weeks later, he scored in the next round, a 2–1 home win over Accrington Stanley.

Newcastle United
On 26 January 2010 Routledge signed for Newcastle United for an undisclosed fee, on a $3 1/2$-year deal, and wore the number 10 shirt. He made his debut for Newcastle a day later coming on for Peter Løvenkrands in a 2–0 win over former club Crystal Palace and assisted Nile Ranger for the latter goal. Routledge scored his first goal for Newcastle in the Championship match against Coventry City with a volley from 30 yards, and also won a penalty in a 4–1 win.

After winning the Championship with Chris Hughton's Newcastle side, he competed in the Premier League again from August 2010.

Queens Park Rangers (loan)
On 21 January 2011, Routledge returned to Queens Park Rangers, signing a loan until the end of the season. He made his debut two days later and scored in a 2–1 win over Coventry at Loftus Road. On 25 April Routledge scored the goal to all but seal QPR's place in the Premier League against Hull City. It was reported on 20 April 2011 that Newcastle United had terminated his contract with mutual consent, allowing him to move to QPR permanently, but this was denied by Newcastle.

Swansea City

On 4 August 2011, Swansea City announced the signing of Routledge on a three-year contract for an undisclosed fee. He made his competitive debut on 15 August, a 4–0 defeat against Manchester City at the City of Manchester Stadium. Routledge scored his first goal for Swansea on 2 January 2012, concluding a 2–0 victory against his former club Aston Villa at Villa Park. He played as Swansea won the 2013 Football League Cup Final 5–0 against Bradford City, assisting one goal by Nathan Dyer.

On 28 January 2013, Routledge signed a new four-year contract with Swansea, and on 25 September 2014, it was extended by the club until 2018. His contract was not renewed and the club confirmed on 18 May 2019 that he would be one of a number of players to be released. He re-signed for Swansea on 23 May on a new contract with reduced wages.

On 7 August 2020, Routledge signed a new one-year deal.

On 30 August 2021, Routledge's departure from the club was confirmed with the player still recovering from a knee injury sustained in the play-off semi final from the previous season, turning down a contract extension with the club. He subsequently retired from professional football in October.

International career
Routledge scored once for England under-21 in a 3–3 friendly draw with Italy on 24 March 2007, the first game at the new Wembley Stadium. Manager Stuart Pearce called him up for the summer's European Championship in the Netherlands. He made two substitute appearances in the group stage for the semi-finalists.

Honours
Newcastle United
 * Football League Championship: 2009–10

Queens Park Rangers
 * Football League Championship: 2010–11

Swansea City
 * Football League Cup: 2012–13

title: Wayne Routledge


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mike Magee (poker player)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 09:51, May 2, 2005 (UTC)

Mike Magee (poker player)
Poker player, not even a world champion poker player, not encyclopedic, delete --nixie 10:29, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Seems to be notable within the Poker world (which is itself substantial) TigerShark 14:50, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Delete Just under the bar of notability IMHO. I'm inclinded to think that all winners of WSOP/WPO events, and any poker tournament with an entry fee >= $10,000 (or EUR 5000) are intrinsicly notable. Ditto for any winners of prize >= $1,000,000 in any poker tournament. I will give Mr Magee, credit as PL Hold'em is much much harder than NL Hold'em. Klonimus 23:26, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, agree with Peta on this, not encyclopaedic. Megan1967 03:39, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, agree with Megan. Radiant_* 11:14, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * keep please because he is notable within his field Yuckfoo 01:08, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I wrote almost all of the poker player articles we have (not this one, obviously), and I agree this guy is non-notable.  Only in England could he be considered well-known, and even then probably only moderately so.  The number of players who have a tournament history like him number easily in the thousands, so I don't think there's anything special about him.  CryptoDerk 01:22, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: while I have no idea myself of the notability of this particular player, I must note that the phrase "not even world champion" is out of line: even the legend T. J. Cloutier has yet to win the World Series of Poker. - furrykef (Talk at me) 00:41, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Frank Lovejoy

Frank Andrew Lovejoy Jr. (March 28, 1912 – October 2, 1962) was an American actor in radio, film, and television. He is perhaps best remembered for appearing in the film noir The Hitch-Hiker and for starring in the radio drama Night Beat.

Early life
He was born in the Bronx, New York, but grew up in New Jersey. His father, Frank Andrew Lovejoy Sr., was a furniture salesman from Maine. His mother, Nora, was born in Massachusetts, to Irish immigrant parents.

Radio
A successful radio actor, Lovejoy played Broadway Harry on the Gay Nineties Revue and was heard on the 1930s crime drama series Gang Busters. Lovejoy was a narrator (during the first season) for the show This Is Your FBI.

In radio soap operas, Lovejoy played Dr. Christopher Ellerbe in Valiant Lady, Sam Foster in This Day Is Ours, and he had the roles of Brad Forbes on Brave Tomorrow and Larry Halliday in Bright Horizon. He also played the title character on the syndicated The Blue Beetle in 1940, several episodes of The Whistler, and starred in the later newspaper drama series Night Beat in the early 1950s and in episodes of Suspense in the late 1950s. He also starred as John Malone in The Amazing Mr. Malone. He appeared as boxer Rory Malone in the March 20, 1949 episode of Pat Novak for Hire entitled "Rory Malone".

Films

Lovejoy mostly played supporting roles in films of the 1940s and 1950s. Appearing in movies such as Goodbye, My Fancy (1951) with Joan Crawford, and The Hitch-Hiker (1953) directed by Ida Lupino, Lovejoy was effective playing the movie's everyman in extraordinary situations. He was in several war movies, notably Stanley Kramer's Home of the Brave (1949), Breakthrough (1950), Joseph H. Lewis's Retreat, Hell! (1952) which portrayed the United States Marine Corps' withdrawal from the Chosin Reservoir (Changjin Reservoir) during the Korean War and as a Marine sergeant again in Beachhead (1954), and Strategic Air Command (1955) with James Stewart.

In 1950, he had the lead role in Try and Get Me (aka Sound of Fury) as a struggling, out-of-work man who fell to crime to support his family; in a film noir combining crime and murder with social injustice, an irresponsible newspaper and equally criminal public mob reactions. In 1951, he had the title role in I Was a Communist for the FBI with co-stars Ron Hagerthy, Paul Picerni, and Philip Carey.

Television
Lovejoy starred in two short-run TV series, Man Against Crime and Meet McGraw.

Lovejoy's final television performances include the episode "County General" (March 18, 1962) on the ABC series Bus Stop with Marilyn Maxwell in the role of Grace Sherwood. That same season, he appeared on the ABC crime drama Target: The Corruptors! about the efforts of a New York City reporter to expose organized crime.

Personal life
In 1940, Lovejoy married actress Joan Banks, with whom he had daughter Judith and son Stephen. On October 2, 1962, Lovejoy died of a heart attack in his sleep at the Warwick Hotel in New York City. He and Banks at the time had been performing together in a New Jersey production of Gore Vidal's play The Best Man.

title: Frank Lovejoy


text:
Talk:Acadia National Park

Map Removed
I removed the map of the park, due to some formatting issues, if some one wants to reincert it, without making the artilce look all messed up their are more then welcome, the map is image:acadia.png --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 10:32, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Pink cliffs
When I visited Acadia I saw bright pink cliffs. What makes them so pink? What are they made of? —Keenan Pepper 00:13, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

 * My guess would be pink granite, but that's just a guess. –BMRR (talk) 00:18, 2 February 2010 (UTC)

Suggested Resource for External Link
Would a volunteer please review www.acadiamagic.com for consideration as an external link? This is a comprehensive resource guide for Acadia National Park as well as the surrounding communities such as Bar Harbor, Maine. The map is an invaluable navigational tool that enables one to explore the park, the many scenic sights, and the villages simply by clicking actual map locations. The photography is often stunning as well.

To respond to the question about why the cliffs looked so pink in Acadia National Park - It is pink granite. It appears even more pink at sunrise or near sunset when the color temperature of the light shifts toward the red, adding an additional warm glow. AcadiaMagic 04:53, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

specifically, a mineral called potassium feldspar is responsible for the pink hues in mount desrt island granite. also, the cause of the fire of 1947 is listed as a cranberry bog on the mainland; this was never proven and the fire may have originated in teh bar harbor town dump or elsewhere on the island.

I'm from Acadia. The Island's cliffs come from a granite plug that was originally formed from liquid magma. as you may know, the island was named for the 'desert like' spots on it's mountains where the granite is very visible. geologically, it wound up tha way because the whole shape of the island was carved by glaciers. hope this helps.

Removed links
When AcadiaMagic questioned my removal of his link, he pointed out that a lot of similar links were not touched. Since he had a point, I checked them, and wasn't convinced they added enough value to keep. If you disagree, please explain why. Thanks.--Sar e kOfVulcan 21:22, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

Article requires major expansion
For a reasonably important topic (Maines only national park), this article is very short. I placed the expand template at the top of this article to try to prompt editors to add in more valid information. Anyone with knowledge on this national park should expand the article, and consider adding more references, pictures, or (a few) external links. Immunize (talk) 00:14, 2 February 2010 (UTC)

WAY too many pictures
At the moment, the gallery has 22 photos. I have just removed four of them as being repetitive and/or non-informative. As WP:gallery, the wikipedia standard for galleries, notes: "Wikipedia is not an image repository. A gallery is not a tool to shoehorn images into an article, and a gallery consisting of an indiscriminate collection of images of the article subject should generally either be improved in accordance with the above paragraph or moved to Wikimedia Commons." I will probably remove more. - DavidWBrooks (talk) 01:03, 10 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Changed gallery to 6 representative photos from different areas. Article is relatively short for a national park and could be expanded, with gallery photos moved to related paragraphs. Brian W. Schaller (talk) 07:53, 3 February 2016 (UTC)

Notable Features
Would it make sense to include an expanded Notable Features section, which could include parts of the park like:
 * The Bubbles and Bubble Rock
 * Bar Island
 * Cadillac Mountain
 * Otter Cliffs
 * Thunder Hole

Just seems a bit lacking, no? --FeldBum (talk) 01:35, 2 September 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Too many unnecessary photos
I have removed a few pictures of animals that do not reflect anything specific to Acadia, including a skeleton of a mammoth from another part of the country. This article is LOADED with photos, many of them acting as decoration at least as much as adding information - pictures increase download times for people reading wikipedia in places with slow internet. We shouldn't have pictures unless they really contribute to a reader's understanding; showing a picture of various amphibians and animals that live here - pictures which can be seen at the article of those animals - doesn't meet that standard, I don't think. - DavidWBrooks (talk) 14:25, 3 July 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Acadia National Park


text:
Talk:Kids (Robbie Williams and Kylie Minogue song)

Song's meaning: original research?
Somebody removed a paragraph explaining the song's meaning, calling it original research. Well, direct observation of art, like a song or music video, isn't really original research, provided that the conclusions that are being reached are somewhat obvious. I haven't heard the song or seen the video (so what am I doing here?), but what I read seemed like a pretty simple observation. Everyking 10:37, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, yes, I wanted to discuss this further with some of the main contributors to the Kylie article about the meaning of this song. Having seen the video, and knowing the lyrics to this song by heart, I can say that I never jumped to the conclusion that the anonymous user did. Then again, I'm not exposed to too much Kylie or Robbie out here in North America to really get a feel of what the music interpreters think of the song. -- [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] Earl Andrew - talk 18:49, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Kids2.gif
Image:Kids2.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 22:05, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Kids2.gif
Image:Kids2.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 17:11, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070930231820/http://www.bpi.co.uk/platinum/platinumRight.asp?rq=search_plat to http://www.bpi.co.uk/platinum/platinumright.asp?rq=search_plat&r_id=29111

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External links modified
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text:
Jeff Brazier

Jeffrey Carl Brazier (born Jeffrey Carl Smith; 27 May 1979) is an English television presenter. He rose to fame after appearing on the third series of Shipwrecked (2001), before going on to present television shows including Finders Keepers (2006), I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! NOW! (2006) and OK! TV (2011), as well as working as a showbiz presenter on This Morning and appearing in advertisements for ambassador for the People's Postcode Lottery. He has also appeared as a contestant on various television shows including I'm Famous and Frightened! (2004), The Farm (2004), Dancing on Ice (2011), Celebrity SAS: Who Dares Wins (2019) and Celebrity MasterChef (2020)

Brazier also played association football, beginning his youth career with West Ham United and has played as a defender for various clubs including Leyton Orient, Billericay Town, Wivenhoe Town, Canvey Island, Grays Athletic, Boreham Wood, AFC Varndeanians.

Early life and education
Brazier was born Jeffrey Carl Smith on 27 May 1979 in Bracknell, Berkshire. His mother Janette Smith was sixteen at the time of his birth, and Brazier was temporarily placed in a foster home after she became unable to cope. She married his stepfather Robert Brazier in 1985, whose surname he adopted. Together, they had Brazier's younger brother Spencer who has cerebral palsy. After they split, Brazier and his brother lived in a women's refuge in Great Yarmouth. Brazier's biological father, Stephen Faldo, who initially denied paternity, was the skipper of the pleasure boat Marchioness, which sank on the River Thames in 1989 after being hit by a dredger, killing him as well as 50 others. Brazier was raised in Tiptree, near Colchester in Essex and attended Thurstable School, a mixed state comprehensive school in his home town.

Career
In 2001, Brazier took part in the third series of Channel 4 reality television show Shipwrecked, in which he and fifteen other people had to stay on a tropical island without any creature comforts. After this, Brazier took part in the ITV programme Simply the Best, as well as presenting the TV programmes Dirty Laundry and Big Brother Panto with June Sarpong.

In 2003, Brazier appeared in Celebrity Wife Swap with then-girlfriend Jade Goody, opposite Charles Ingram. In July 2004, Brazier appeared as a contestant on the Living TV programme I'm Famous and Frightened!, and in September 2004 won the Channel 5 reality TV show The Farm.

Brazier hosted The X Factor Live Tour in venues all over the United Kingdom and Ireland from 2005 to 2010.

In 2006, Brazier presented the revival of the CITV programme Finders Keepers. Brazier was a panellist on the now defunct ITV talk show Loose @5.30!, a spin-off of Loose Women and has also appeared in The Match and Celebrity Soccer Six on Sky1, where he played for England, as well as appearing on Call Me a Cabbie with Carol Thatcher and Janet Street Porter. Brazier has also been a This Morning "showbiz" presenter.

In November 2006, Brazier joined the presenting team of ITV2's I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! NOW! with Kelly Osbourne in Australia and Mark Durden-Smith hosting at the London Studios. On 16 December 2006, Brazier was a guest reporter on The X Factor final live from contestant Ray Quinn's home town of Liverpool, and live from contestants Same Difference's home town of Portsmouth on 15 December 2007. He was the guest reporter at JLS's home town on 13 December 2008 and at Stacey Solomon's home town of Dagenham on 12 December 2009.

In 2010, Brazier was a celebrity guest team captain on What Do Kids Know? with Rufus Hound, Joe Swash and Sara Cox on Watch, and on 17 December 2010, Brazier presented a documentary, My Brother and Me, which was broadcast on BBC Three. He also appeared on a celebrity special of Total Wipeout and an episode of Mongrels.

From 9 January to 13 March 2011, Brazier participated in the sixth series of the ice skating show Dancing on Ice, with professional female Canadian ice skater Isabelle Gauthier. He was in the bottom two three times: in week two against cricketer Dominic Cork, and in week five against Kerry Katona. In week 10, Brazier and Gauthier were eliminated after the judges votes to save Sam Attwater and his skating partner Brianne Delcourt. From August until December 2011, Brazier co-presented OK! TV on Channel 5 with Jenny Frost.

Brazier is a guest presenter for ITV lifestyle show Sunday Scoop and also has regular stints on the daytime series This Morning. Brazier is an ambassador for People's Postcode Lottery. Brazier also writes a column in the Daily Mirror on a weekly basis.

In 2019, Brazier appeared the on the Channel 4 quasi-military training show Celebrity SAS: Who Dares Wins. In 2020, Brazier was a contestant on the fifteenth series of Celebrity MasterChef.

Personal life
Brazier has two sons from his relationship with Big Brother contestant Jade Goody, Bobby Jack (b. 2003), who is known for his work as a model and his role in EastEnders as Freddie Slater, and Freddie (b. 2004). Brazier and Goody split in 2004, and she subsequently died of cervical cancer in 2009.

On 1 October 2017, Brazier became engaged to his girlfriend Kate Dwyer, and the couple married in Portugal on 15 September 2018. They announced their split in December 2022, however rekindled their relationship seven months later.

Guest appearances

 * Celebrity Total Wipeout (18 September 2010) – Contestant
 * Mongrels (2010) – Guest appearance
 * Loose Women (17 May 2011, 30 March 2012) – Guest
 * Daybreak (2 March 2012) – Guest
 * Tipping Point: Lucky Stars (16 August 2014) – Contestant

title: Jeff Brazier


text:
Redhill railway station

Redhill railway station serves the town of Redhill, Surrey, England. The station is a major interchange point on the Brighton Main Line, 22 mi measured from London Charing Cross. It is managed by Southern, and is also served by Thameslink and Great Western Railway.

History
The local topography determined that it was cheaper to build and operate a railway line between London and Brighton which by-passed the parliamentary borough and long-established market town of Reigate and instead passed through the nearby Redstone or Red Hill gap in the Reigate Foreign (countryside) parish. According to the Acts of Parliament establishing railways between London and Brighton, and London and Dover, the line was to be shared between Croydon and Red Hill after which these two would deviate. The London and Brighton Railway (L&BR) constructed the new line during 1840 and 1841, with the South Eastern Railway (SER) contributing half of the construction cost and taking ownership of the section between Croydon and Red Hill. (The SER had however been running services over the line since 1842.) The inevitable and continuing conflict between the two railway companies over the use of this joint line gave rise to the construction of four railway stations at the site of what was then a hamlet on the eastern side of Reigate.

Red Hill and Reigate Road (London & Brighton Railway) station
The original station was opened by the London and Brighton Railway on 12 July 1841 on a site to the south of the proposed junction with the South Eastern Main Line to Dover. The nearby market town was served by a horse-drawn omnibus service operated by the railway. This station was designed by the architect David Mocatta, and was one of a series of standardised modular buildings used by the railway. It closed on 15 April 1844, when the L&BR began to share the SER Redhill and Reigate station and was demolished soon afterwards.

Redhill/Reigate (SER) stations
On 26 May 1842 the SER opened what was originally called 'Redhill', but later misleadingly renamed 'Reigate' station, on their own stretch of line just beyond the junction. Passengers transferring between the two railways did so at the old Merstham station further up the line. The SER wanted to replace their 'Reigate' station with a joint station immediately before the junction, but the L&BR opposed the plan. As a result, the SER forced the issue by ending the arrangements at Merstham, thereby forcing passengers to transfer between the two stations at Redhill by foot.

Redhill and Reigate station
On 15 April 1844 the SER built a new station at the present site, named 'Redhill and Reigate' which was to be used by both railways as the interchange station. On the same day the two existing stations were closed. The branch line to Reigate was opened in 1849 with a new station called Reigate Town. Nevertheless, the London Brighton and South Coast Railway (the successor of the L&BR) continued to operate the omnibus service for its own passengers.

Redhill Junction station
The SER 'Redhill and Reigate' station was rebuilt and enlarged on the same site in August 1858 when it was renamed 'Redhill Junction'. The chronic congestion at the station was however eased after 1 May 1868 when Redhill ceased to be on the South Eastern Main Line to Dover following the opening of the 'Sevenoaks cut off' line between St Johns and Tonbridge railway station. A ten-year agreement between the SER and the London Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR the successor to the L&BR after July 1846) over the use of the station and lines to Coulsdon was signed 1 February 1869 and renewed ten years later.

During the 1880s, as traffic increased, the disputes over the use of line and Redhill station re-occurred. This became known as the 'Southern Lines Controversy' and ultimately led to the construction of the Quarry Line by the LB&SCR in 1899, which avoided Redhill. The LB&SCR diverted many of its Brighton Main Line trains to the new line, but retained running powers over the original line and the use of Redhill station. These were continued until both the SER and the LB&SCR came under the ownership of the Southern Railway 1 January 1923 and the name of the joint station was changed to Redhill in July 1929.

Electrification
The Brighton Main Line and the line from Redhill to Reigate were both electrified under the Southern Railway on 1 January 1933. The Redhill to Tonbridge Line was electrified under British Rail in 1993.

Description
Redhill station is at the junction of the Brighton Main Line, which runs north to London and south to Gatwick Airport and Brighton, with the ex-SER North Downs Line, which runs west to Guildford and Reading, and the Redhill to Tonbridge Line, to the east

The station has four passenger platforms and a parcels bay (which is now out of use). From west to east: platform 0 is the most recently built (which accounts for its unusual numbering) and serves destinations including Bedford, Reading, London Victoria and Reigate; platforms 1 and 2 are an island; there are two through lines between platforms 2 and 3; platform 3 and the old parcels dock are on the eastern side with a secondary entrance/exit. All passenger platforms are of 12 car length, and all are subdivided into 'a' (north end) and 'b' (south end). Platform 1 is a bay platform with no northbound access; otherwise all platforms have access to all routes. There is no access from either through line to or from the North Downs Line – all traffic from this direction must pass through a platform.

Platforms are linked by a subway, and by an out-of use parcels/staff bridge. There are lifts from the platforms to the subway and a level entrance from the Platform 3 exit, with a further lift between the subway and the main entrance, which is at street level. The main entrance faces the town centre, and is opposite Redhill bus station.

The ticket office is staffed and also has ticket machines, and there are ticket barriers. There is a coffee shop in the ticket hall, and a takeaway-only coffee shop on platforms 1 and 2.

Services

Services at Redhill are operated by Southern, Thameslink and Great Western Railway using and  DMUs and  and  EMUs.

Services at the station are as follows.

Southern
The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 2 tph to London Victoria
 * 2 tph to Reigate
 * 1 tph to Tonbridge

During the peak hours, the service to Reigate divides and attaches at Redhill with an additional portion continuing to and from Gatwick Airport.

On Sundays, the service between London and Reigate is reduced to hourly and the station is served by an additional hourly service between London Victoria, Portsmouth Harbour and Bognor Regis (dividing and attaching at Barnham) in order to maintain two trains per hour to and from London Victoria.

Thameslink
The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 2 tph to Bedford via London Bridge
 * 2 tph to Peterborough via London Bridge
 * 4 tph to Three Bridges, of which 2 continue to Horsham

On Sundays, the service between Peterborough and Horsham does not run and instead, one train per hour to and from Bedford is extended beyond Three Bridges to and from Horsham.

Great Western Railway
The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:

 * 2 tph to Reading via Guildford
 * 2 tph to Gatwick Airport

Platform Layout
Redhill Station has four platforms, one of which is a bay platform.
 * Platform 0 – Services to Reading via the North Downs Line, some services to London Victoria and Reigate.
 * Platform 1 – South-facing bay platform with stopping services to Reading and trains towards Tonbridge.
 * Platform 2 – All northbound Thameslink services and the majority of services to London Victoria.
 * Platform 3 – All southbound Thameslink services and the majority of trains to Reigate.

Oyster extension
On 11 January 2016, payment using Oyster and contactless payment cards was introduced at Redhill, as part of the Oyster extension from Merstham to Gatwick Airport. The station is outside the London Fare Zone area, and special fares apply.

Some Oyster photocards (as well as Freedom Passes) are not valid on the Gatwick Airport extension. The nearest station that these cards can be used is Coulsdon South only in the northbound direction.

Motive power depot
An engine shed, turntable and locomotive coaling and servicing facilities were installed by the South Eastern Railway in 1855 in the area between the Brighton and Tonbridge lines. These facilities were rebuilt by the Southern Railway in 1924 and lasted until the end of steam in the area in 1965. The site of the depot remained in use as a stabling point for many years after this. Further sidings to the west and south-west of platform 1 were removed during the construction of platform 0 in 2016–17.

title: Redhill railway station


text:
Maldivian Air Taxi

Maldivian Air Taxi (MAT) was a domestic carrier in the Maldives and was one of the largest seaplane operators in the world, operating over 500 flights a week during the peak tourist season. Beginning in November 1993 with two aircraft, MAT grew in direct response to the opening of newly developed resorts that require seaplane transport services for their guests.

In 2013, The Blackstone Group, an American equity fund, announced that they were acquiring both MAT and rival company Trans Maldivian Airways (TMA). A merger was brought underway and a new company was founded, retaining the Trans Maldivian Airways name, and the colours of MAT. TMA now operates 44 De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otters, including three brand new 400 series.

History
The airline was established in 1993 by Danish investors and started operations in the same year. It was wholly owned by Lars Erik Nielsen (chairman) and as of March 2007 had 275 employees.

Fleet
At the time of the merger in December 2010, Maldivian Air Taxi's fleet included the following aircraft.
 * 1 de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter Series 100
 * 1 de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter Series 200
 * 19 de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter Series 300

Maldivian Air Taxi also had previously indicated plans to replace all of their DHC-6-100/-200/-300's with the new -400 series by Viking Air.

title: Maldivian Air Taxi


text:
User:Xeonx

Xeonx is pronounced Ze-on-icks. Xeonx is used for an alias on Internet listings and video games.  XEONX.com is listed as a development site.

title: User:Xeonx


text: Category:Airlines of the Maldives

title: Category:Airlines of the Maldives


text:
Solar Orbiter

The Solar Orbiter (SolO) is a Sun-observing probe developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) with a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) contribution. Solar Orbiter, designed to obtain detailed measurements of the inner heliosphere and the nascent solar wind, will also perform close observations of the polar regions of the Sun which is difficult to do from Earth. These observations are important in investigating how the Sun creates and controls its heliosphere.

SolO makes observations of the Sun from an eccentric orbit moving as close as ≈60 solar radii (RS), or 0.284 astronomical units (au), placing it inside Mercury's perihelion of 0.3075 au. During the mission the orbital inclination will be raised to about 24°. The total mission cost is US$1.5 billion, counting both ESA and NASA contributions.

SolO was launched on 10 February 2020 from Cape Canaveral, Florida (USA). The nominal mission is planned until the end of 2026, with a potential extension until 2030.

Spacecraft
The Solar Orbiter spacecraft is a Sun-pointed, three-axis stabilised platform with a dedicated heat shield to provide protection from the high levels of solar flux near perihelion. The spacecraft provides a stable platform to accommodate the combination of remote-sensing and in situ instrumentation in an electromagnetically clean environment. The 21 sensors were configured on the spacecraft to allow each to conduct its in situ or remote-sensing experiments with both access to and protection from the solar environment. Solar Orbiter has inherited technology from previous missions, such as the solar arrays from the BepiColombo Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO). The solar arrays can be rotated about their longitudinal axis to avoid overheating when close to the Sun. A battery pack provides supplementary power at other points in the mission such as eclipse periods encountered during planetary flybys.

The Telemetry, Tracking and Command Subsystem provides the communication link capability with the Earth in X-band. The subsystem supports telemetry, telecommand and ranging. Low-Gain Antennas are used for Launch and Early Orbit Phase (LEOP) and now function as a back-up during the mission phase when steerable Medium- and High-Gain Antennas are in use. The High-Temperature High-Gain Antenna needs to point to a wide range of positions to achieve a link with the ground station and to be able to downlink sufficient volumes of data. Its design was adapted from the BepiColombo mission. The antenna can be folded in to gain protection from Solar Orbiter's heat shield if necessary. Most data will therefore initially be stored in on-board memory and sent back to Earth at the earliest possible opportunity.

The ground station at Malargüe (Argentina), with a 35 m antenna, is used for 4 to 8 hours/day (effective). ESA's Malargüe ground station will be used for all operations throughout the mission with the ground stations in New Norcia, Australia, and Cebreros, Spain, acting as backup when necessary.

Mission operations
During nominal science operations, science data is downlinked for eight hours during each communication period with the ground station. Additional eight-hour downlink passes are scheduled as needed to reach the required total science data return of the mission. The Solar Orbiter ground segment makes maximum reuse of ESA's infrastructure for Deep Space missions:

 * The ground stations, which belong to ESA's space tracking station network (ESTRACK)
 * The Mission Operations Centre (MOC), located at ESOC, Darmstadt, Germany
 * The Science Operations Centre (SOC), located at ESAC, Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
 * The communications network, linking the various remotely located centres and stations to support the operational data traffic

The Science Operations Centre was responsible for mission planning and the generation of payload operations requests to the MOC, as well as science data archiving. The SOC has been operational for the active science phase of the mission, i.e. from the beginning of the Cruise Phase onwards. The handover of payload operations from the MOC to the SOC is performed at the end of the Near-Earth Commissioning Phase (NECP). ESA's Malargüe Station in Argentina will be used for all operations throughout the mission, with the ground stations of New Norcia Station, Australia, and Cebreros Station, Spain, acting as backup when necessary.

During the initial cruise phase, which lasted until November 2021, Solar Orbiter performed two gravity-assist manoeuvres around Venus and one around Earth to alter the spacecraft's trajectory, guiding it towards the innermost regions of the Solar System. At the same time, Solar Orbiter acquired in situ data to characterise and calibrate its remote-sensing instruments. The first close solar pass took place on 26 March 2022 at around a third of Earth's distance from the Sun.

The spacecraft's orbit has been chosen to be 'in resonance' with Venus, which means that it will return to the planet's vicinity every few orbits and can again use the planet's gravity to alter or tilt its orbit. Initially, Solar Orbiter will be confined to the same plane as the planets, but each encounter of Venus will increase its orbital inclination. For example, after the 2025 Venus encounter, it will make its first solar pass at 17° inclination, increasing to 33° during a proposed mission extension phase, bringing even more of the polar regions into direct view.

Scientific objectives
The spacecraft makes a close approach to the Sun every six months. The closest approach will be positioned to allow a repeated study of the same region of the solar atmosphere. Solar Orbiter will be able to observe the magnetic activity building up in the atmosphere that can lead to powerful solar flares or eruptions.

Researchers also have the chance to coordinate observations with NASA's Parker Solar Probe mission (2018–2025) which is performing measurements of the Sun's extended corona, as well as other ground-based assets such as the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope.

The objective of the mission is to perform close-up, high-resolution studies of the Sun and its inner heliosphere. The new understanding will help answer these questions:

 * How and where do the solar wind plasma and magnetic field originate in the corona?
 * How do solar transients drive heliospheric variability?
 * How do solar eruptions produce energetic particle radiation that fills the heliosphere?
 * How does the solar dynamo work and drive connections between the Sun and the heliosphere?

Science results
Since the launch of the mission, a series of papers have been released in three special issues of the Astronomy and Astrophysics Journal:

 * The Solar Orbiter mission
 * Solar Orbiter First Results (Cruise Phase)
 * Solar Orbiter First Results (Nominal Mission Phase)

Meanwhile, regular "science nuggets" are released on the Solar Orbiter science community website.

Instruments
The science payload is composed of 10 instruments:

 * Heliospheric in-situ instruments (4)

 * SWA – Solar Wind Plasma Analyser (United Kingdom): Consists of a suite of sensors that measures the ion and electron bulk properties (including density, velocity, and temperature) of the solar wind, thereby characterizing the solar wind between 0.28 and 1.4 au from the Sun. In addition to determining the bulk properties of the wind, SWA provides measurements of solar wind ion composition for key elements (e.g. the C, N, O group and Fe, Si or Mg)
 * EPD – Energetic Particle Detector (Spain): Measures the composition, timing and distribution functions of suprathermal and energetic particles. Scientific topics to be addressed include the sources, acceleration mechanisms, and transport processes of these particles
 * MAG – Magnetometer (United Kingdom): Provides in situ measurements of the heliospheric magnetic field (up to 64Hz) with high precision. This will facilitate detailed studies into the way the Sun's magnetic field links into space and evolves over the solar cycle; how particles are accelerated and propagate around the Solar System, including to the Earth; how the corona and solar wind are heated and accelerated
 * RPW – Radio and Plasma Waves (France): Unique amongst the Solar Orbiter instruments, RPW makes both in situ and remote-sensing measurements. RPW measures magnetic and electric fields at high time resolution using a number of sensors/antennas, to determine the characteristics of electromagnetic and electrostatic waves in the solar wind

 * Solar remote-sensing instruments (6)

 * PHI – Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager (Germany): Provides high-resolution and full-disk measurements of the photospheric vector magnetic field and line-of-sight (LOS) velocity as well as the continuum intensity in the visible wavelength range. The LOS velocity maps have the accuracy and stability to allow detailed helioseismic investigations of the solar interior, in particular of the solar convection zone high-resolution and full-disk measurements of the photospheric magnetic field
 * EUI – Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (Belgium): Images the solar atmospheric layers above the photosphere, thereby providing an indispensable link between the solar surface and outer corona that ultimately shapes the characteristics of the interplanetary medium. Also, EUI provides the first-ever UV images of the Sun from an out-of-ecliptic viewpoint (up to 33° of solar latitude during the extended mission phase)
 * SPICE – Spectral Imaging of the Coronal Environment (France): Performs extreme ultraviolet imaging spectroscopy to remotely characterize plasma properties of the Sun's on-disk corona. This will enable matching in situ composition signatures of solar wind streams to their source regions on the Sun's surface
 * STIX – Spectrometer Telescope for Imaging X-rays (Switzerland): Provides imaging spectroscopy of solar thermal and non-thermal X-ray emission from 4 to 150 keV. STIX provides quantitative information on the timing, location, intensity, and spectra of accelerated electrons as well as of high-temperature thermal plasmas, mostly associated with flares and/or microflares
 * Metis – Coronagraph (Italy): Simultaneously images the visible and far ultraviolet emissions of the solar corona and diagnoses, with unprecedented temporal coverage and spatial resolution, the structure and dynamics of the full corona in the range from 1.4 to 3.0 (from 1.7 to 4.1) solar radii from Sun centre, at minimum (maximum) perihelion during the nominal mission. This is a region that is crucial in linking the solar atmospheric phenomena to their evolution in the inner heliosphere
 * SoloHI – Solar Orbiter Heliospheric Imager (United States): Images both the quasi-steady flow and transient disturbances in the solar wind over a wide field of view by observing visible sunlight scattered by solar wind electrons. SoloHI provides unique measurements to pinpoint coronal mass ejections (CMEs). (NRL provided)

Institutions involved

The following institutions operate each instrument:
 * Solar Wind Plasma Analyser (SWA): Mullard Space Science Laboratory
 * Energetic Particle Detector (EPD): University of Alcala, University of Kiel (CAU)
 * Magnetometer (MAG): Imperial College London
 * Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW): Observatoire de Paris
 * Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager (PHI): Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA)
 * Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI): Royal Observatory of Belgium, Centre Spatial de Liège, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS)
 * Spectral Imaging of the Coronal Environment (SPICE): Institut d'astrophysique spatiale Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS)
 * Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX): FHNW, Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences, Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP)
 * Coronagraph (Metis): University of Florence, INAF, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS)
 * Heliospheric Imager (SoloHI): United States Naval Research Laboratory

Launch delays
In April 2015, the launch was set back from July 2017 to October 2018. In August 2017, Solar Orbiter was considered "on track" for a launch in February 2019. The launch occurred on 10 February 2020 on an Atlas V 411.

Launch
The Atlas V 411 (AV-087) lifted off from SLC-41 at Cape Canaveral, Florida, at 04:03 UTC. The Solar Orbiter spacecraft separated from the Centaur upper stage nearly 53 minutes later, and the European Space Agency acquired the first signals from the spacecraft a few minutes later.

Trajectory
After launch, Solar Orbiter will take approximately 3.5 years, using repeated gravity assists from Earth and Venus, to reach its operational orbit, an elliptical orbit with perihelion 0.28 AU and aphelion 0.91 AU. The first flyby was of Venus in December 2020. Over the expected mission duration of 7 years, it will use additional gravity assists from Venus to raise its inclination from 0° to 24°, allowing it a better view of the Sun's poles. If an extended mission is approved, the inclination could rise further to 33°.

During its cruise phase to Venus, Solar Orbiter passed through the ion tail of Comet C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS) from 31 May to 1 June 2020. It passed through the comet's dust tail on 6 June 2020.

In June 2020, Solar Orbiter came within 77000000 km of the Sun, and captured the closest pictures of the Sun ever taken.

Mission timeline

 * April 2012: €319 million contract to build orbiter awarded to Astrium UK
 * June 2014: Solar shield completes 2 week bake test
 * September 2018: Spacecraft is shipped to IABG in Germany to begin the environmental test campaign
 * February 2020: Successful launch
 * May-June 2020: Encounter with the ion and dust tails of C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
 * Jul 2020: First images of the Sun released
 * December 2021: Flight through tail of Comet C/2021 A1 Leonard
 * March 2022: highest resolution image of the Sun’s full disc and outer atmosphere, the corona, ever taken
 * September 2022: Solar Orbiter solves the magnetic switchback mystery

Solar Orbiter and Parker Solar Probe collaboration
SolO and NASA's Parker Solar Probe (PSP) missions cooperated to trace solar wind and transients from their sources on the Sun to the inner interplanetary space.

In 2022, SolO and PSP collaborated to study why the Sun's atmosphere is "150 times hotter" than its surface. SolO observed the Sun from 140 million kilometers, with PSP simultaneously observed the Sun's corona during flyby at a distance of nearly 9 million kilometers.

In March 2024, both space probes are at their closest approach to the Sun, PSP at 7.3 million km, and SolO at 45 million km. SolO observed the Sun, while PSP sampled the plasma of solar wind, that allowed scientists to compare data from both probes.

Outreach
Solar Orbiter news are regularly updated and listed in the official ESA public pages, as well as on the Twitter/X account.

Images taken by the spacecraft with various instruments can be found on the official Flickr account.

title: Solar Orbiter


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Puss / Oh, the Guilt

"Puss"/"Oh, the Guilt" is a split single, released as a double a-side, from the American rock bands the Jesus Lizard and Nirvana, released via Touch and Go Records.

Background
It was released on February 15, 1993, and includes the songs "Puss" by the Jesus Lizard and "Oh, the Guilt" by Nirvana. The cover art for the single is a painting by Malcolm Bucknall called "Old Indian and White Poodle". "Puss"/"Oh, the Guilt" peaked at number 12 on the UK singles chart; it was the Jesus Lizard's only hit single in the UK, and Nirvana's sixth.

"Puss" first appeared on the 1992 album Liar and was recorded by Steve Albini, who would later record Nirvana's third and final album, In Utero. The video for "Puss" showed a man being welded in a chair, so it was banned from some television stations.

"Oh, the Guilt" was recorded by Barrett Jones on April 7, 1992 in Seattle, Washington. The song was re-released in 2004 on the Nirvana rarities box set With the Lights Out and in 2005 on the compilation album Sliver: The Best of the Box, although on these latter releases the song was remixed by Adam Kasper, and does not include the sound of lighter clicks present on the original mix.

Reception
The British magazine Music Week described "Oh, the Guilt" as a "rougher, underproduced example of their pop-metal" and "Puss" as "a fiercer, messier hardcore thang". An August 1993 Billboard article about the Touch and Go record label described the single as having "sold in great numbers". Readers of CMJ voted it the fifth-best 7 inch single of 1993.

David Yow, vocalist of the Jesus Lizard, later said of the release: "We had to figure out, well, do we want to do this and look like we're riding on Nirvana's coattails, or we could just do it and not worry about it, which is what we ended up doing."

Unreleased versions
Nirvana recorded an instrumental demo version of "Oh, the Guilt" on January 1, 1991, at The Music Source studios in Seattle, Washington, but it remains officially unreleased. At the same studio session the band also recorded demo versions of songs "Aneurysm", "Even In His Youth", "All Apologies", "On a Plain", "Radio Friendly Unit Shifter", and "Token Eastern Song". All of these also remain officially unreleased except for "Aneurysm" and "Even In His Youth" which featured as B-sides to the "Smells Like Teen Spirit" single, and "All Apologies" which was released on the 20th anniversary deluxe and super-deluxe versions of the In Utero album in 2013.

title: Puss / Oh, the Guilt


text:
Category:Cemeteries in Australia

Cemeteries located in Australia, places where the remains of dead people are buried or otherwise interred.

title: Category:Cemeteries in Australia


text:
North American Science Fiction Convention

NASFiC, an abbreviation for North American Science Fiction Convention, is a science fiction convention scheduled in North America during years when a Worldcon is being held outside North America; NASFiCs are held only during such years. Bids for the location of a NASFiC are voted on by the membership of the Worldcon (or NASFiC if it exists), the year after a non-North-American Worldcon site has been selected. this is one year in advance of a potential NASFiC, since Worldcon sites are chosen two years in advance.

History
Activities at a NASFiC are similar to those at a Worldcon, but may differ somewhat with each convention committee. The convention may be held as an individual event or in conjunction with another convention. It generally occurs near the time of the Worldcon, but not in direct competition with it. Fifteen NASFiCs have occurred to date with the sixteenth scheduled for July 2024. The name NASFiC is owned by the World Science Fiction Society (WSFS).

The late Robert Sacks organized an attempt to separate NASFiC from the World Science Fiction Society, similar to Eurocon, but WSFS has chosen to keep control of NASFiC.

Conventions
This is a list of the NASFiCs held, or scheduled, to date:


text:
John Trenchard (writer)

John Trenchard (1662 – 17 December 1723) was an English writer and Commonwealthman. He is best known for writing a series of 144 essays with Thomas Gordon entitled Cato's Letters (1720–23), condemning corruption and lack of morality within the British political system and warning against tyranny.

Life
Trenchard belonged to the same Dorset family as the Secretary of State Sir John Trenchard. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and became a lawyer. From 1722 until his death Trenchard was also a member of Parliament for Taunton. He died on 17 December 1723.

Works
As he inherited considerable wealth, Trenchard was able to devote the greater part of his life to writing on political subjects,

His approach was that of a Whig and an opponent of the High Church party. With Walter Moyle he wrote An Argument, Shewing that a Standing Army is Inconsistent with a Free Government (1697) and A Short History of Standing Armies in England (1698 and 1731).

He developed anticlerical lines of argument in The Natural History of Superstition (1709), and The Independent Whig, a weekly periodical published in 1720–21 with Thomas Gordon.

Cato's Letters
From 1720 to 1723, Trenchard, again with Thomas Gordon, wrote a series of 144 weekly essays entitled Cato's Letters, condemning corruption and lack of morality within the British political system and warning against tyranny. The essays were published as Essays on Liberty, Civil and Religious, first in the London Journal and then in the British Journal. These essays became a cornerstone of the Commonwealthmen tradition.

title: John Trenchard (writer)


text:
John Trenchard (politician)

Sir John Trenchard (30 March 1649 – 27 April 1695) was an English politician and landowner.

Life
He belonged to an old Dorset family. He was born on 30 March 1649 at Lytchett Matravers, near Poole, to Thomas Trenchard of Wolverton (1615–1671), and his wife Hannah née Henley (d. 1691). His grandfather was Sir Thomas Trenchard of Wolverton (1582–1657), who was knighted by James I in 1613.

He was educated at Winchester (1661-1665) and at New College, Oxford (1665-1667). In 1667, he entered the Middle Temple and was called to the bar in 1674. John Trenchard entered parliament as member for Taunton in 1679. He associated himself with those who proposed to exclude the Duke of York from the throne, and attended some of the meetings held by these malcontents. It is possible he was concerned in the Rye House Plot. In fact, he was arrested at all of the events in July 1683, but no definite evidence was brought against him so he was released.

When Monmouth landed in the west of England in June 1685, Trenchard fled from England to Groningen, Netherlands. Around 1687–1688, he was pardoned through the good offices of William Penn, and able to return home. Again he entered parliament, but he took no active part in the Revolution of 1688, although he managed to secure the good will of William III. On 29 October 1689, he was knighted by the king, and made Chief Justice of Chester. In 1692, he was appointed Secretary of State. He and the government incurred much ridicule through their failure to prove the existence of a great Jacobite plot in Lancashire and Cheshire in which they had been led to believe.

Family
On 10 November 1682, he married: Philippa Speke (1664–1743), daughter of George and Mary Speke of White Lackington, Somerset, with four sons and three daughters including:
 * 1) George Trenchard (d. 1758)
 * 2) Maria Trenchard (1687-)
 * 3) William Trenchard (12 October 1694-)

Sir John died on 27 April 1695 at Kensington, London, of tuberculosis and he is buried at Bloxworth, Dorset.

title: John Trenchard (politician)


text:
Ecosynthesis

Ecosynthesis is the use of introduced species to fill niches in a disrupted environment, with the aim of increasing the speed of ecological restoration. This decreases the amount of physical damage done in a disrupted landscape. An example is using willow in a stream corridor for sediment and phosphorus capture. It aims to aid ecological restoration, the practice of renewing and restoring degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystems and habitats in the environment by active human intervention and action. Humans use ecosynthesis to make environments more suitable for life, through restoration ecology (introduced species, vegetation mapping, habitat enhancement, remediation and mitigation.)

Restoration ecology
Ecological restoration aims to recreate, initiate, or accelerate the recovery of an ecosystem that has been disturbed.

Revegetation: the establishment of vegetation on sites where it has been previously lost, often with erosion control as the primary goal.

Habitat enhancement: the process of increasing the suitability of a site as habitat for some desired species.

Remediation: improving an existing ecosystem or creating a new one with the aim of replacing another that has deteriorated or been destroyed.

Mitigation: legally mandated remediation for loss of protected species or an ecosystem.

Through restoration ecology, humans can help ecosystems that we have either caused harm to or disturbed be brought back to functional state.

Trophic cascade
A clear example of humans ecosynthesiszing would be through the introduction of a species to cause a trophic cascade, which is the result of indirect effects between nonadjacent trophic levels in a food chain or food web, such as the top predator in a food chain and a plant. The most famous example of a trophic cascade is that of the introduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park, which had extradionary effects to the ecosystem. Yellowstone had a massive population of elk because they had no predators, which caused the local aspen population and other vegetation to significantly decrease in population size. However, the introduction of wolves controlled the elk population and indirectly affected the aspen and other vegetation, bringing the ecosystem back to sustainability.

title: Ecosynthesis


text:
Otto Group

The Otto Group (Otto (GmbH & Co KG)) is a German retail company based in Hamburg that operates companies worldwide in the retail, e-commerce, financing, logistics and mail order sectors. In 2023, the Group generated sales of €16.2 billion and had around 41,186 employees.

History
In August 1949, Werner Otto founded the company Werner Otto Versandhandel (Otto Versand) in Hamburg. In 1950, the first catalogue with a print run of 300 copies was published, presenting 28 pairs of shoes on 14 hand-bound pages. The following year, the first printed catalogue comprised 28 pages and offered an extended product range, which subsequently further diversified in the 1950s and included, among others, porcelain, bicycles, and electrical appliances. After further expansion, Otto Versand moved into a 205,000-square meter building in 1960. The number of employees increased to 2,000.

In 1969, the Hanseatic Bank was founded, through which customers could finance their orders. At the same time, the Werner Otto Foundation was established in Hamburg to promote medical research. When postal strikes and higher rates posed a threat to operations in 1972, the delivery service Hermes Versand was established. In 1980, Otto Reisen GmbH was founded, marking the company's entry into the tourism industry.

In 1981, Michael Otto, son of the founder, took over the company. Throughout the following years, the Otto Group continued its expansion into Spain, Italy, Great Britain and other markets. By 1987, the Otto Group was considered the leading mail order company worldwide. After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, sales also rose in Eastern Europe.

The 24-hour express service was introduced in 1990 and Otto Group launched an online shopping website in 1995. The catalogue, previously only available as a printed version, was published digitally on the internet for the first time in 1997.

Otto Group entered the US market in 1998 by acquiring a stake in the Chicago-based furniture store Crate & Barrel.

The two Austrian brands of the Otto Group, Universal and Otto, were bundled into Unito Versand & Dienstleistungen in 2003, and the mail order business in Germany was renamed Otto GmbH & Co KG. In 2005, the Otto Group sold 75% of the shares in Hanseatic Bank to Société Générale.

In 2009, the Otto Group secured the rights to the Quelle brand and numerous retail brands such as Privileg in a bidding process. Later, in 2012, the Neckermann brand was acquired. In 2014 the online fashion retailer About You was founded.

In the 2015/2016 financial year, over 90% of mail order sales were generated online, making the Otto Group the second-largest German online retailer behind Amazon, according to a study by the EHI Retail Institute.

The last printed edition of the Otto main catalogue was published in December 2018, as around 95% of all orders were received digitally by this point.

In 2023, the Otto Group entered into cooperations with Covariant and Boston Dynamics.

Corporate affairs
The key trends of the Otto Group are (as at the financial year ending February 28):

Corporate Structure
The shares in the Group of Michael Otto and his son, Benjamin Otto, have been combined in a foundation since 2016.

The Group operates over 100 companies internationally, primarily in Germany, Europe, and the United States. The activities of the Otto Group's business include e-commerce, over-the-counter retail, and catalogue sales channels. In the 2023 financial year, the Otto Group generated revenue of €16.2 billion, of which around €12 billion was generated online, making the Otto Group one of the largest online retailers in the world. The following is an extract of some subsidiaries:

Platforms, brands, and retailers

 * About You
 * Bonprix
 * Crate & Barrel
 * Heine
 * Küche & Co
 * Sheego
 * Venus
 * Witt
 * Baur Retail
 * Frankonia
 * Freemans Grattan
 * Limango
 * Manufactum
 * Unito

Services

 * Baur Logistics
 * Evri
 * Girard Agediss
 * Hermes Einrichtungs Service
 * Hermes Fulfilment
 * Hermes Germany
 * Otto International
 * EOS Group
 * Hanseatic Bank

Sustainability
Activities concerning sustainability are the responsibility of the executive board. These activities relate to both ecological and economic sustainability, which were anchored in the Otto Group's corporate objectives in 1986. The Otto Group pursues a partnership with Save the Children, among others.

In 2005, the Aid by Trade Foundation was created, which originated the initiative Cotton made in Africa. The cotton sourced from growers of the Cotton made in Africa initiative is used by the Otto Group and other textile companies such as ASOS and S.Oliver.

Criticism
In 2016, the UK branch of Hermes was criticized by The Guardian for paying its suppliers less than the minimum wage. Hermes couriers were self-employed and were paid based on the parcels delivered. Hermes was again criticized by a major newspaper in 2021, when a The Times article published allegations about the mishandling of packages and bad customer service.

title: Otto Group


text: File:Dublin United Transport Company.png


text:
Talk:Colne Valley Railway

Eastern Counties Railway
I'm afraid that this line - as I have now amended the article - was never part of the Eastern Counties Railway. That company certainly ran trains through Haverhill, and through Chapel and Wakes Colne at each end of the line, but in between their line ran through Long Melford. This line was independent as is shown on the website history Peter Shearan 10:53, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Colne Valley Railway


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Graphical content problem

Wikiproject Graphical content problem deals with article images that may be disturbing to some viewers. The scope of this WikiProject is to define how such images are to appear on article pages and implement any solutions. For example, images such as Image:Hst sts82.jpg may be placed within warning templates such as DisturbingImage to provide viewers a warning that the image may disturbe some viewers.

Reasoning for this WikiProject
I personally do not care either way. I am neither excited or disgusted by images of sexual content. I have seen a good share of violence so pictures of "damaged" corpses do not cause me blood presure problems either. Ill be redesigning the template. Cat chi? 17:36, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

For parties who cant bear seeing such images an earlier project I proposed (which wasn't rejected nor accepted) can be useful. Cat chi? 17:36, 12 August 2005 (UTC) I believe this image would be censored in any public TV viewing at even the most liberal places. But I think that's wrong. You should not hide "facts", however I also believe we should respect peoples right to read about information without being "disturbed" by the images. Cat chi? 17:36, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

It has came to my attention that on certain pages images that may be disturbing to some viewers appear large in size. I think a policy should be defined on how such images appear on article pages. Viewers should be warned before seeing the image in my opinion. Cat chi? 17:36, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

New discussion

DisturbingImage

I propose using this template: Template:DisturbingImage

Usage:

Old arguments
I am not suggesting censorship but suggesting a way to make sure only users who are not going to faint seeing such images see them. I suggest this template Cat chi? 10:54, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

DisturbingImage

While there is nothing wrong with the image above, I don't want to turn this place into a dead person showcase. It was picked randomly. Cat chi? 11:10, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Discussion along these lines has been going on at Autofellatio; you might want to propose this there. Sincerely, Davenbelle 11:31, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)

Objective of this project:
 * Protect vulnerable users, including chidren, from content that might be disturbing.

Unless you can give an NPOV description of exactly who needs "protecting" from exactly what content, I fail to see how that can be anything other than POV. For example, Nazi images are much more tightly controlled in Germany and France than in the UK. Nudity in TV advertising at all times of the day is common in Demark (apparently), but not in the UK. Also, how does this square with What Wikipedia is not? Thryduulf 16:52, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually, there are a number of objective rules about indecent content! For example, the image of the Hubble Space Telescope above clearly fails the Mull of Kintyre test, and should not be shown inline. Very good example by Coolcat. Eugene van der Pijll 18:43, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I'd approve of this only if the template and warning are applied to every image in Wikipedia. Otherwise, there'll be endless fights over what images should and should not be covered. --Carnildo 22:25, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Not quite, we can determine the boundaries. See below Cat chi? 06:04, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Every attempt to define things like this in the past has failed because the boundaries can never be NPOV. What is acceptable to me is not the same as what is acceptable for you, which is not the same as what is acceptable to Joe Bloggs, etc. Thryduulf 08:01, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This is POV, and a very, very bad idea. --brian0918 ™ 04:57, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

=

Proposed Boundaries
 This Wikipedia page documents the proposed details of a Wikiproject that has been rejected by the community. It is inactive, kept primarily for historical interest. If you want to revive discussion on this subject, you may try using the Talk page or start a discussion at the Village pump.

This shpuld not be seen as censorship, the reader/user can easily click on the "image" to access the actual picture. It does not restrict access but gives info regarding the content. Basiacly, "click at own risk" deal. Cat chi? 04:30, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

What applies

 * Showing DEAD people, this is not rotten.com. Images may be facts of life, still may be semi-censored until user is willing to see it. Certain people are very sensitive or are fragile towards such images. I personally have no issue, some people do. Cat chi? 04:30, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * So all of the following would be hidden? They're all dead people.
 * Image:NickBergDead.png
 * Image:Mass Grave Bergen Belsen May 1945.jpg
 * Image:AbuGhraibAbuse06.jpg
 * Image:Albert Einstein by Yousuf Karsh.jpg
 * while the following would be shown?
 * Image:AbuGhraibAbuse02.jpg
 * Image:Brewster dr splatt2.jpg

Please don't be stupid. By dead people I clearly mean pictures of dead people/dead bodies. You made your case. I shall stop creative thought at once. Cat chi? 09:51, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

how about:

Image:Lenin's body.jpg

??? — Davenbelle 10:08, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thats a dead body not dissected. I am talking about blood and gore, violence. A decent community places a warning for those, Wikipedia is not such a community. Cat chi? 13:49, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Let's not be purposely obtuse and pretend we don't know the general idea here. We have many rules and practices dependent on people's judgment for which it's not possible to decide every exceptional case in advance. There are very common classes of potentially offensive/disturbing images, and there are others that are not so common. We're not talking about removing information here, just avoiding inlining certain images; this is already policy for at least one image. Demi T/C 07:14, 2005 Apr 30 (UTC)

What may apply

 * Sexual Content. While I personally have no issue, sites with sexual content have an age warning. Some people find sexual content offensive. The pictures are accessible anyways. Cat chi? 04:30, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * So all of the following would be hidden? One culture or another finds them offensive for sexual content.
 * Image:Hikari Hayashibara Manga.jpg
 * Image:Clitoris-Vivero-Becker.jpg
 * Image:Human-woman.png
 * Image:Weaving profile.jpg

There are people and cultures that find the following images offensive, should these be hidden as well?
 * Image:Smilingguy.JPG (A man with a bare chest)
 * Image:Afghan woman and child in Parwan Province.jpg (A woman wearing a Burka)
 * Image:Wikimeet-London3 03.jpg (A woman in public not wearing a burka)
 * Image:CattleRestrainedForSlaughter.jpg
 * Image:Picador spears bull.jpg (Spanish bull fighting)
 * Image:Castro Khrushchev.jpg Fidel Castro and Nikita Khrushchev (communist leaders). Also it shows two men hugging, which might be considered homosexual by some extremists.
 * Image:Packet of cigarettes.jpg (drug paraphernalia)
 * Image:CannonCigar.jpg (drug taking (tobacco))
 * Image:Wikimeet-London3 25.jpg (drug taking (alcohol))
 * Image:Bahaullah from miller.jpg (see the end of the Bahá'u'lláh article).
 * Image:Gallery-HydePark.jpg (a woman with dyed hair). Arkady Rose might have a problem with her picture being replaced by a template.
 * Image:User Fantasy.jpg (a woman with a pet dog).
 * Image:Wikimeet-London3_12.jpg (partially exposed breast, drinking alcohol, a bi-sexual and a transsexual lesbian).
 * Image:Taty5.jpg (the girls from t.A.T.u., billed as under-age lesbians)

Thryduulf 08:01, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I am not talking about "cultural" conflict. I am saying images showing dead people should require a warning. I have no intention of getting indulged in a cultural conflict discussion. There will be guidelines for this. In no culture it is ok to show dead people, at least not the ones I am exposed to. Sexual content has restrictions, in some cultures nudity is ok. Cat chi? 09:48, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't know what cultures you are exposed to, but in some perverse cultures this seems to be no problem. A really terrible example is our article Funeral of Pope John Paul II, which contains no less than 6 pictures of a dead body. Look at the second picture, there are thousands of people looking at it! I agree with you, we should not be encouraging this deviancy by showing it on wikipedia. Bah! Eugene van der Pijll 10:15, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * In no culture it is ok to show dead people, at least not the ones I am exposed to. I guess you've never been to medical school or looked at an anatomy book. That aside, I think in some instances it is extremely important to show images that might shock people. Images from the WWII concentration camps are brutal, but they also serve an important purpose - that we don't forget what happened. I think people seeking out these articles are probably prepared to see images that illustrate the content. --Barista | a/k/a マイケル | T/C 05:11, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Any site covering the hlocaust has a warning prior to entry. I am not suggesting we censor it completely, but just temporarily untill user clicks to see it. "WWII concentration camps are brutal" yes, "images that might shock people" thats what I am trying to evade, people can read about what happened without getting "shocked" by images that are there if they want to see it. Horrific images such as the ones from Holocaust deserve a full screen display IMHO. --Cool Cat Talk 15:25, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

What does not apply

 * There is nothing wrong with the Hubble Space Telescope. Cat chi? 04:30, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * In your opinion. I'm sure I've heard about religious groups who think that space travel is against the will of God. They probably wouldn't think an image of a space telescope was fine. Thryduulf 08:01, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Political Pictures, for example picture of Adolph Hitler does not apply either IMHO. Cat chi? 04:30, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Why? He is (one of) the most hated figures of the 20th century, should we not be "protecting" the young people from having to face up to the horrors of him/his actions until they're "old enough"? Thryduulf 08:01, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Common Sense can determine a long list of items Cat chi? 04:39, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Whose common sense? To you it seems to be common sense that Wikipedia should have a mechanism of this sort, to me it is common sense that it should not. Thryduulf 08:01, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Common sense of Greek gods, or Wikipedia community. Guidelines can determine. Cat chi? 09:49, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Have option to apply to all images
I suggest you take a look at my proposal: Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#Option to disable all inline images. Any attempt at all to classify what should be censored (except possibly for some VERY clear-cut cases, and I'm not even sure those exist) is by definition POV and will degenerate into massive debates and edit wars. So the only sensible option is to allow users to see, according to their decision, either all or no inline images. If there's sufficient interest in this proposal, I can write the relevant code. Nickptar 23:19, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

You know, NPOV is a policy for article content, but I'm seeing it more and more used as an argument for or against certain policy-like practices. Just because making a decision might be hard in certain cases doesn't mean it shouldn't be attempted: what's being proposed here is an editorial standard. Would we tolerate gratuitous vulgarity in article text? No, that's bad style--to say the least. So of course we exercise "POV" editorial control over what appears in Wikipedia (and how it appears). Throwing up our hands and saying "Someone will argue over the categorization, so let's not do it" just isn't the answer. Demi T/C 07:19, 2005 Apr 30 (UTC)

 * Some things are obvious. Gratuitious textual vulgarity in text shouldn't be tolerated, and neither should gratuitous vulgarity in images. There are also images (Autofellatio) that have a good reason to be in Wikipedia but it's widely agreed shouldn't be inlined. But such obvious cases are few, and there are plenty of things that could offend people but are inline. I'm talking about such things as penis. Of course an image of a penis adds something to that article, and I think it's a vain hope that it'll ever be taken out of line. (There are analogies in text, for instance: the word 'nigger' has high potential to offend, but if its use adds something to an article I doubt that it'll be removed or bleeped out.)
 * I think it's pretty clear from the discussion on this page that there are a lot of things that are possibly offensive but that there will never be wide support for censoring. I think my VP post has been archived, but the gist was:
 * Some people may want to read an encyclopedia article about a penis, say, without seeing a picture of it on their screen.
 * This may just be due to personal offense, or to being at a library, at school, etc.
 * Additionally, there is a risk of an innocuous page being vandalized with a graphic inline image. This is probably a constant worry for many of those browsing WP in public places. (I'm not offended by penis or autofellatio and would just shrug off and correct a vandalism with those, but BAD STUFF would happen if I were at school and accidentally saw one of those.)
 * But proposals to prevent certain images from being displayed inline, not only cannot be expected to work, but have been shown not to work (i.e., resoundingly rejected by the community).
 * Blocking all images at the web-browser level is quite inconvenient.
 * Therefore the sensible option is to let people choose whether or not they want to see inline images.
 * Nickptar 19:08, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)


text: File:Córas Iompair Éireann.png

title: File:Córas Iompair Éireann.png


text:
Pray Anything

"Pray Anything" is the tenth episode of the fourteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 9, 2003. In the episode, Homer sues the church and ends up receiving the deed to own it. Under his ownership, the church becomes a hangout for townspeople.

Plot
At a WNBA game which the Simpson family are attending, the announcer offers a $50,000 prize for successfully shooting a half-court basket. Ned Flanders kneels and prays before shooting the basket, and makes it. He declares he will donate the money, much to Homer's dismay, which is then doubled to $100,000 by the Rich Texan. After Ned's car is blocked from leaving the parking lot, Homer witnesses the Flanders family being allowed to drive a Hot-Dog-mobile home instead. The following day, Homer asks Ned what his secret is, and Ned replies it is hard work, clean living, and prayer; since the first two would require effort on his part, Homer focuses on prayer, which he believes to work after achieving minor feats such as finding the remote control and creating a new snack (fudge-covered bacon).

After noticing his excessive praying for a plumber when a water pipe leaks, Marge tells Homer that he should not ask God to do everything for him, which he bluntly refuses to consider; as a result, the plumber fails to help, and the Simpson house is eventually destroyed. On a Sunday, Homer is walking towards the church and prays to God for a better house. Not looking where he is going, he falls into a shallow hole. A lawyer convinces Homer to sue the church. In court, the jury finds in Homer's favor and he receives the deed to the church, after Reverend Lovejoy admits he cannot pay the original sum of $1 million. Despite Marge's objections, he moves the family there and throws a house warming party. Meanwhile, Lovejoy sets up a temporary congregation at Barney's Bowlarama, but the sermon is a disaster, resulting in a disheartened Lovejoy leaving Springfield, much to Ned's dismay.

Homer's party goes on for several days and the church becomes a bar and hangout for the townspeople, and Ned observes that they have violated all Ten Commandments. As Marge worries that Homer is incurring God's wrath, a rainstorm begins and Homer is struck by lightning in the mouth (God's way of smiting him for his blasphemy, sacrilege and heresy). The town begins to flood, and the townspeople flee to the roof of the church. Just as the townspeople are about to angrily advance on Homer for causing their impending doom, Reverend Lovejoy returns in a helicopter and leads everyone in prayer, asking God to forgive them. The flood subsides, and afterwards Lisa gives logical reasons for the cause of the events that had happened, with the storm and flood caused by bonfire and trees being cut down, but when questioned about why the rain suddenly stopped, Lisa just sarcastically suggests Buddha. The camera then pans to God, Buddha and Colonel Sanders watching from Heaven, rationalizing that the humans have suffered enough, with God asking for Colonel Sanders' popcorn chicken.

Production
The show has delved into religious themes many times in its history. In this episode, the theme of prayer is given center stage.

The episode had a freelance pitch. O'Neal and Boushell wanted to ensure they came up with a unique idea that had never been done before, as they knew they were approaching the show's 300th episode. The original pitch was based on an NPR story about the "gospel of prosperity". This episode opens with a WNBA game because many NBA players had turned them down for a guest spot a couple of years before in the episode "Children of a Lesser Clod". The lenticular card of a "vengeful god" and "loving god" was animated by creating two images which cross dissolved with white lines interspersed. Al Jean explained that a valid point made in the episode was why God should care about the average man's first world problems when there are natural and man-made disasters that could use his help. Castellaneta did a longer falling noise at the table read than the one that appeared in the final cut of the episode. Jean explained that due to the loss of Phil Hartman – and therefore Lionel Hutz – it was tough to introduce new lawyers to the show. This episode includes one such attempt. The staff had a fight with the broadcast standards over Homer dancing around the church in his underwear. In regard to the sunset shot, up until this point in the show's history, there was not much graduated shading used because it had to be painstakingly drawn. In contrast, it is very quick and easy using computers, which is why Polcino prefers digital over the hand painted; many more color and shading options are made available.

Reception
The Orlando Sentinel's Gregory Hardy named it the thirteenth best episode of the show with a sports theme.

Polcino said Pray Anything was a "well-written show", and "one of his favorite scripts" as he loves addressing religious themes.

Cultural references
The episode title is a reference to the movie "Say Anything...", in which Dan Castellaneta had played a small, uncredited role.

title: Pray Anything


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sergio Seijo

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 09:33, May 2, 2005 (UTC)

Sergio Seijo
I don't think it is a real article. (unsigned, nominated by Bass)

 * Speedy if possible, seems like someone made a new page to try to rectify an article here...?!? You should probably have speedy'd this, I'm fairly confident we don't need to vote on this... do we? I can't think straight at 11:30... Master Thief Garrett 11:36, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, and please sign your vote proposals. Just a thought. Master Thief Garrett 11:37, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. Martg76 13:50, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no context, nonsense. Megan1967 03:40, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wilfrid Hodges

Wilfrid Augustine Hodges, FBA (born 27 May 1941) is a British mathematician and logician known for his work in model theory.

Life
Hodges attended New College, Oxford (1959–65), where he received degrees in both Literae Humaniores and (Christianic) Theology. In 1970 he was awarded a doctorate for a thesis in Logic. He lectured in both Philosophy and Mathematics at Bedford College, University of London. He has held visiting appointments in the department of philosophy at the University of California and in the department of mathematics at University of Colorado. Hodges was Professor of Mathematics at Queen Mary College, University of London from 1987 to 2006 and is the author of books on logic.

Honors and awards
Hodges was President of the British Logic Colloquium, of the European Association for Logic, Language and Information and of the Division of Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science. In 2009 he was elected a Fellow of the British Academy.

Writing style
Hodges' books are written in an informal style. The "Notes on Notation" in his book "Model theory" end with the following characteristic sentence:

 * 'I' means I, 'we' means we.

When this 780-page book appeared in 1993, it became one of the standard textbooks on model theory. Due to its success an abbreviated version (but with a new chapter on stability theory) was published as a paperback.

title: Wilfrid Hodges


text:
1938 in India

Events in the year 1938 in India. Indian independence – Government of India Act gives Indians a role in governing their provinces.

Incumbents

 * Emperor of India – George VI
 * Viceroy of India – Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow

Events

 * National income - ₹29,799 million
 * Minor engagements on the North West Frontier throughout the year.

Law

 * December – Announcement that the Ottawa trade agreement would not be continued after 31 March 1939.
 * Good Conduct Prisoners' Probational Release Act
 * Insurance Act
 * Manoeuvres, Field Firing and Artillery Practice Act
 * Cutchi Memons Act

Births

 * 7 January – B. Saroja Devi, actress
 * 13 January
 * Shivkumar Sharma, musician. (died 2022)
 * Nabaneeta Dev Sen, novelist, children's author and poet (died 2019)
 * 10 March – Ijaz Butt, Pakistani cricketer (died 2023)
 * 18 March – Shashi Kapoor, Bollywood actor. (died 2017)
 * 31 March – Sheila Dikshit, politician and Chief Minister of Delhi (died 2019)
 * 9 April – Ahmad Kamal, Pakistani diplomat (died 2023)
 * 23 April – S. Janaki, playback singer.
 * 5 May – Chandrama Santha, politician (died 2021)
 * 19 May – Girish Karnad, writer, playwright, actor and director. (died 2019)
 * 10 June – Rahul Bajaj, businessman (died 2022)
 * 12 June – Yesudasan, political cartoonist (died 2021)
 * 1 July
 * Hariprasad Chaurasia, classical flutist
 * Durai Murugan, lawyer and politician
 * 9 July – Sanjeev Kumar, actor (died 1985).
 * 13 July – Thomas Savundaranayagam, Sri Lanka Tamil priest, former Roman Catholic Bishop of Jaffna
 * 15 July – Pilot Baba, Indian Air Force fighter pilot, later guru
 * 18 July – R. K. Krishna Kumar, business executive (died 2023).
 * 19 July
 * Dom Moraes, poet, writer and columnist (died 2004)
 * Jayant Narlikar, astrophysicist
 * 25 July – Sudhir Kakar, psychoanalyst and writer. (died 2024)
 * 8 September – Poornachandra Tejaswi, writer and novelist (died 2007)
 * 24 September – Piloo Reporter, cricket umpire (died 2023)
 * 17 November – Shamim Hanafi, Urdu scholar (died 2021)
 * 11 December – T. S. R. Subramanian, politician (died 2018)

Full date unknown

 * Shashi Deshpande, novelist.
 * Manohar Singh, theatre director and actor. (died 2002)

Deaths

 * 16 January – Sharat Chandra Chatterji, novelist (born 1876).
 * 21 April - Allama Muhammad Iqbal, Poet, politician (born1877)
 * 14 November – Mahatma Hansraj, educationist, Arya Samaj leader (born 1864)

title: 1938 in India