text:
User talk:Grevelle

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Tom Eisenmann, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text borrowed from web sites. For more information, take a look at our policy library. Happy editing!

Zzyzx11 | Talk 01:51, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Grevelle


text:
John Brooks Jr.

John Brooks (c. 1783 – September 10, 1813) was an officer in the United States Marine Corps during the War of 1812. He was the son of later Governor of Massachusetts John Brooks

Biography
Born in Brookfield, Massachusetts, Brooks was appointed a 2nd Lieutenant, October 1, 1807. He commanded the detachment of Marines on Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry's flagship, USS Lawrence (1813).

He was killed in action during the Battle of Lake Erie on September 10, 1813.

Concurrent with the issuance of Congressional Gold Medals to Commodore Perry and Jesse Elliott, Congress awarded Silver Medals (modeled on the Perry medal) to each commissioned officer and one to the nearest male relative of Lt. John Brooks Jr. of the U.S. Marine Corps, who was killed in the engagement.

The destroyer USS Brooks (DD-232), launched in 1919, was named for him.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: John Brooks Jr.


text:
Talk:Ethanethiol

Untitled
Rotten eggs? No. Rotting cabbage. Re: Guinness Book of Records 2000. Isn't butanethiol worse?

Date
It was discovered... when? This would be worthwhile to add. I'll see if I can dig it up on the net. Stovetopcookies 05:15, 29 May 2006 (UTC)

Not such a lazy gas
It's not just a one-trick pony, eh? It's used in manufacturing. That's good.

Slang Nomenclature
Ethanediol used to odorize LPG is often referred to by loading rack personnel as "stench." Example: "Make sure you put stench in this load." Or "Check to make sure the stench injector is turned on." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.132.134.2 (talk) 23:38, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

How is it produced?
How this product is produced?I don't know, but using H2C=CH2 ethylene and H2S - hydrogen sulfide, this terrible product perhaps, can be produced:

H2C=CH2 + H2S ---> H3C-CH2-SH (ethanoethiol) Agre22 (talk) 12:33, 19 July 2008 (UTC)agre22

title: Talk:Ethanethiol


text:
User:Aaronw

Hello.

I fly airplanes, operate routers, and look for interesting pages on the Internet.

title: User:Aaronw


text:
Karl-Jesko von Puttkamer

Karl-Jesko Otto Robert von Puttkamer (24 March 1900 – 4 March 1981) was a German admiral who was naval adjutant to Adolf Hitler during World War II.

Military service
Puttkamer was born in Frankfurt (Oder) and was a member of the Puttkamer family, related to Otto von Bismarck's wife. He joined the Imperial German Navy as an officer cadet in 1917 and served on a heavy cruiser in World War I. Puttkamer enlisted during World War I on 2 July 1917 as a volunteer in the Imperial Navy's ' Seeoffizierslaufbahn regiment.

In December 1917 Puttkamer served on the battleship Kaiserin. In the final months of the war, Puttkamer graduated at the Naval Academy Mürwik in a navigation course. He then took leave and joined the Freikorps. In September 1920 Puttkamer returned to the Naval Academy. He was commissioned as an officer in 1923.

In September 1926, Puttkamer became commander of the torpedo boat GERMAN TORPEDO BOAT Albatros under Karl Dönitz, a position he held until October 1930, where he was promoted to lieutenant-commander of the torpedo boat SMS Adler. In 1933 graduated as a naval liaison officer from the Mürwik Naval Academy. Shortly after this, he served as naval adjutant to the General Staff until June 1935. In July 1935, he was transferred to the staff of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. Puttkamer served as Hitler's naval adjutant until June 1938, when he was transferred to active service.

Immediately prior to the outbreak of World War II in Europe, he was the captain of a destroyer. After the war began, he returned to the role of naval adjutant to Hitler. Later in September 1943 he was promoted to Konteradmiral. Puttkamer was injured on 20 July 1944 when the bomb exploded during the 20 July plot attempt to kill Hitler and was awarded the 20 July Wound Badge.

1945
At the end of January 1945 a Pomeranian Volkssturm battalion was commanded by Baron von Puttkamer. This force was commanded by officers in their World War I uniforms and old service pistols with farmers without weapons, only armed with their Volkssturm armbands. After the unit was unable to reach the city of Schneidemuhl to obtain arms and when their train took Soviet tank fire, Puttkamer returned his men to their village and determined that they were not going to throw lives away and "put away the old uniform, which become dishonored 'under these Hitlers and Himmlers'".

On 20 April 1945, Hitler told his staff: "The situation during the last few days has changed to such an extent that I am forced to reduce my staff."

On 20 April, Puttkamer, Dr. Theodor Morell, Dr. Hugo Blaschke, Albert Bormann, secretaries Johanna Wolf, Christa Schroeder and several others were ordered by Hitler to leave Berlin by aircraft for the Obersalzberg. The group flew out of Berlin on different flights by aircraft of the Fliegerstaffel des Führers over the following three days. Puttkamer's flight left Berlin on 21 April. Puttkamer was ordered to the Berghof to destroy Hitler's papers and personal belongings there. Therefore, Puttkamer was not with Hitler during his final few days in the Führerbunker. Following the German surrender on 8 May 1945, Puttkamer was held in American captivity until May 1947.

Death
He died in 1981 in Munich. He was buried at Waldfriedhof, in Munich.

title: Karl-Jesko von Puttkamer


text:
Talk:Schismatic Pope John XXIII

The Kappa Sigma claim
really should be removed, but I've tried to make it clear it is something they claim. -- Egil 09:39, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The Papal Heraldry of John xxiii and Bosch's "Christ Crowned with Thorns"
Ottfried Neubecker's "Heraldry - Sources, Symbols and Meaning" includes a list of papal arms from Honorius iv to JP ii. For John xxiii he shows the shield divided per fess with an argent (silver) gamba (leg) on a red field in chief and in base bendy stripes green and argent - the whole surrounded by a Nesselblatt (nettle-leaf, jagged or zig-zag) border or (gold). This heraldry seems to be shown in Hieronymus Bosch's work "Christ Crowned with Thorns" at the Escorial Monasterio de San Lorenzo and it is implied that the Christ figure is this 'antipope' at the centre of the disputes of the predatory high nobility of Europe. 210.50.52.33 02:42, 29 December 2006 (UTC) Ian Ison

Changing quotes
I assume the anonymous editor who made this change just didn't read the text and "helpfully" corrected the claim attributed to Gibbon. I read the altered version and thought "that's strange, saying the Gibbon called this antipope John XXIII completely counters the argument made", and only because I was completely convinced of this did I go back two years into the edit history to find this small change.

Please, people, do not "helpfully" change quotes attributed to others unless you're really and truly sure the correction is correct. --Saforrest (talk) 05:55, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Schismatic Pope John XXIII


text:
Cross Gates

Cross Gates (often spelled Crossgates) is a suburb in east Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.

The area sits between Seacroft and Swarcliffe to the north, Whitkirk and Colton to the south, Killingbeck to the west and Austhorpe to the south east. Manston and Pendas Fields are also generally regarded as part of Cross Gates. It serves as an important transport hub for the nearby large housing estates of Seacroft, Whinmoor and Gipton.

At the 2011 census, Cross Gates had a population of 7,770, situated in the Cross Gates & Whinmoor ward of Leeds City Council with a population of 22,099.

Location
The suburb is 4 mi to the east of Leeds city centre and lies in the LS15 Leeds postcode area.

Etymology
According to the English Place-Name Society, the name Cross Gates is first reliably attested in 1771 and is therefore unlikely to be an old name. (A 1457 list of the assets of one Sir John Darcey mentions a "cross gate" near Whitkirk: 'unde mete eiusdem ville [Colton] incipiunt apud le Crosyate stans apud le Gildwell'. But this seems simply to denote a crossroads rather than being a place-name). In the Society's analysis, the word gates appears here in the dialect meaning 'roads', and so Cross Gates originally meant 'crossroads'. This interpretation supersedes earlier explanations which supposed that the place-name referred to a gate across the road.

History
The first references in the Whitkirk St. Marys Parish Register are from the 1630s:

 * Burial : 1630 July 26 - Thomas Norton, of Crosyeate
 * Burial : 1632 Mar 10 - widowe [sic] Norton, of Crosyeate

The earliest references in the Barwick in Elmet All Saints Parish Registers are from 1679 & 1680

 * Burial : Matthew, the son of Joshuah Lumb, at the cross Yeates on the Lower end on Hirst more, 24 March 1679
 * Baptism : Isable, the daughter of Joshuah Lumbe, at the Cross yates, on the Hurst moor, 18 July 1680

Historically, Cross Gates was located at the boundary of the ancient Parishes of Barwick in Elmet and Whitkirk. The line was roughly where Station Road lies today with everything to the north east in Barwick in Elmet and the south west in Whitkirk. For hundreds of years it comprised no more than 1 or 2 cottages on the southern edge of the wastes of Whinmoor in an area called Low Moor or Hirst Moor. When Whinmoor was enclosed under the 1796 Barwick in Elmet Enclosure Act of Parliament regular sized fields were created and access roads built. The long straight Austhorpe Road was constructed in 1804 under this enclosure act. According to Platt and Morkhill, writing in the nineteenth century, "At the commencement of this century Cross Gates consisted only of some sixteen cottages, built near a gate which crossed the road leading from Whitkirk to Seacroft, then merely a by-lane, about fifty yard north of the small piece of ground now called Cross Gates Green. The use of this gate, we believe, was to prevent the cattle pastured on the adjacent common from straying down the lane. By the side of the gate stood a small cottage for the gatekeeper".

The Waud family started coal mining along old Manston Lane in 1811 and in 1827 in the area by Cross Gates Shopping Centre. Further pits were built on Church Lane and the area now occupied by the Marshall's. The Leeds and Selby Railway was constructed in 1834 passing through Cross Gates and trackways were built from the railway along Church Lane to the pits. The district was then rapidly expanding. The Traveller's Rest Public House (then on the corner of Station Road and Austhorpe Road) opened in the 1860s. The first Manston St. James C of E church was built in 1848 saving local residents the long trek to either Barwick in Elmet or Whitkirk. The first school was built in 1857 on Austhorpe Road in the area now occupied by "The Arcade". A Methodist Chapel opened in 1882 again on Austhorpe Road.

The local coal pits closed in 1882 and Cross Gates started to turn into a 'commuter village'. At this time Cross Gates was 'well removed' from the Leeds city centre and the factories and so Cross Gates began to attract Leeds' more affluent residents who could use the railway to quickly access the city.

In the twentieth century Cross Gates effectively became a suburb of Leeds, with the open fields in between being developed into housing. This also led to much development around Cross Gates, including the building of the Cross Gates estate, a development of council housing and private development around Austhorpe, Whitkirk and Manston.

Barnbow Tragedy
The worst tragedy ever to happen within Leeds (in terms of fatalities) was the Barnbow tragedy of 5 December 1916. 35 workers (all women aged 14 or over) were killed in the Barnbow Munitions Factory, which later became ROF Barnbow. The plant employed 16,000 workers, from Leeds, Selby, Wakefield, Tadcaster and Wetherby and had its own railway station to cope with the daily influx of workers. The railway station had an 850 ft platform and 38 special trains from surrounding towns and cities. An explosion from Hall 42 killed 35 workers and mutilated many more. Mechanic William Parking was presented with an engraved silver watch for his bravery in saving factory workers during the incident. There are two memorials: one in Manston Park and one on Cross Gates Road by the roundabout with the Ring Road.

Housing
The area's housing includes detached houses, semi-detached houses and terraced houses. A block of new low-rise flats has been built opposite the Crossgates Shopping Centre, and apartments are being sold and rented at very high prices. Austhorpe Road and the areas surrounding Marshall Street are made up largely of Victorian through terraces. There are some upmarket Victorian villas around Tranquility Avenue.

Manston Park
Manston Park is a large park in Cross Gates with football pitches, a bowling green, tennis courts and a playground. It is owned and managed by Leeds City Council and was opened in August 1925.

Transport
Cross Gates railway station is on the Leeds to Selby line, now part of the York and Selby Lines in the timetables. It is a well used stop for residents commuting to Leeds or York city centres. In June 2006 Cross Gates won the award for "Best Kept Railway Station" in all of Yorkshire, having made major strides in the refurbishment of the station.

Cross Gates is also close to the A64 dual carriageway and the M1. The A6120 Leeds Outer Ring Road "Station Road" is the main road through the area. The 650 metre "Manston Lane Link Road" (MLLR), which forms part of the East Leeds Orbital Road (ELOR), is intended to connect a new area of Leeds called the "East Leeds Extension" (ELE), through a new commercial development at Thorpe Park to the M1 over the Leeds/York railway line.

Industry
A Royal Ordnance Factory, ROF Leeds, was built at Barnbow, off Manston Lane, producing guns and ammunition for the army and navy. The building was bought by Vickers Defence Systems and produced the Challenger 2 tank before it closed in 2004. After several years of being used for storage, the building was demolished in 2018.

Bus manufacturer Optare, formerly Charles H Roe, also had a factory on Manston Lane before it closed in 2011 and production was moved to Sherburn in Elmet.

The haulage company J Long & Sons are based on Sandleas Way.

Major printer and direct mail company Communisis has its main site on Manston Lane.

'Gates' sculpture
In 2009 the council developed the roundabout on the Leeds Ring Road on the north side with 3 stone signs saying "Welcome to Cross Gates" and a sculpture composed of 3 large metal gates by architect John Thorp, at a cost of £143,000. They were originally painted red, black and white, but this was changed to the present red, blue and silver, as the original colours are those of Manchester United. The sculpture is meant to represent Cross Gates metaphorically, each gate having a large 'X' in steel in its design to reflect the history of the town's name. Local residents have expressed different views on the structure, some finding it an asset to the area, others finding it an eyesore.

Comparison
Cross Gates lies in the LS15 postcode area. Here is a population breakdown of the postcode area in comparison with the UK population.

title: Cross Gates


text:
Geelong railway station

Geelong railway station is located on the Warrnambool line in Victoria, Australia. It serves the city of Geelong, and it opened on 1 November 1856.

Together with Ballarat, it is one of only two stations in Victoria to have a 19th-century train shed, and is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register. The railway station complex has also been listed by the National Trust of Australia, as being of state-level significance.

History
Geelong station was built as the terminus of the Geelong and Melbourne Railway Company line. It was a dead-end terminus, located on the site of the present law courts complex. In November 1876, the railway was extended south to Winchelsea, necessitating the relocation of the station to the west, and between 1877 and 1881, the current station building was constructed.

In 1975, the station received a minor upgrade to the refreshment rooms, and was also provided with a waiting room around this time. In 1988, the station received an upgrade, and included new passenger waiting areas and booking offices.

Until the 1990s, there was a goods yard, including a large goods shed, located on the eastern side of the station. It is now the site of Geelong's law courts and police station. A locomotive depot remains to the north, and carriage stabling sidings are to the west.

In March 2015, a further upgrade to the station was completed, which included the installation of a new DDA-compliant pedestrian overpass to connect all platforms, which included lifts, avoiding the need to use the original heritage-protected pedestrian bridge, which only has stairs.

Platforms and services
Geelong has one island platform with two faces, and one side platform. Prior to the opening of the Regional Rail Link in 2015, almost all trains used Platform 1. Platforms 2 and 3 were only used when Platform 1 was occupied;

Platform 1: up services to Southern Cross and down services to South Geelong, Marshall, and Waurn Ponds.

Platform 2: Up and down Warrnambool services, terminating services and other services if Platform 1 was occupied.

Platform 3: Terminating services, special heritage services and other services if Platform 1 was occupied.

After the opening of the Regional Rail Link, Geelong now has three times as many services running, requiring trains to cross at Geelong on a regular basis. The platforms have now been divided into up and down platforms;

Platform 1: Down services to South Geelong, Marshall, Waurn Ponds, and Warrnambool

Platform 2: Up services when Platform 3 is occupied, special heritage services

Platform 3: Up services to Southern Cross, terminating services

It is common for a trains to be in all three platforms e.g.

Platform 1: Down Waurn Ponds service

Platform 2: Up service, stopping all stations

Platform 3: Up express service from Warrnambool

It is serviced by V/Line Geelong and Warrnambool line services. Some services terminate at Geelong, although most continue south.

Platform 1:
 * services to South Geelong, Marshall, Waurn Ponds and Southern Cross
 * services to Warrnambool and Southern Cross

Platform 2:
 * services to Southern Cross
 * services to Southern Cross

Platform 3:
 * services to Southern Cross; peak hour terminating services
 * services to Southern Cross

Transport links
CDC Geelong operates seven routes via Geelong station, under contract to Public Transport Victoria:
 * North Shore station – Deakin University Waurn Ponds Campus
 * Geelong – Bannockburn
 * to Corio Shopping Centre
 * to North Shore station
 * to North Geelong station
 * to Bell Post Hill
 * to Deakin University Waurn Ponds Campus

McHarry's Buslines operates twelve routes via Geelong station, under contract to Public Transport Victoria:
 * to Whittington
 * to St Albans Park
 * to Leopold
 * to Deakin University Waurn Ponds Campus
 * to Deakin University Waurn Ponds Campus
 * to Deakin University Waurn Ponds Campus
 * to Jan Juc
 * to Jan Juc
 * to Ocean Grove
 * to Queenscliff
 * to St Leonards
 * to Drysdale

V/Line operates road coach services from Geelong station to Apollo Bay, Ballarat, Colac and Warrnambool.

title: Geelong railway station


text:
Talk:Global Consciousness Project

Calibration
How did they calibrated these devices? I mean, when designing a receiver for some signal, it is necessary to first measure its output in a signal-free environment, and then measure its output step by step, gradually increasing the signal. How did they do that? Jan Arkesteijn (talk) 11:11, 6 December 2012 (UTC)
 * This type of analysis and discussion is precisely what is needed to support this article. Secondary sources commenting on the experiments are appropriate sources not the primary source of the studies themselves. - - MrBill3 (talk) 18:52, 26 January 2014 (UTC)

Removing Tags
Removing the following tags upon review:

This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2009)

-Seems to be plenty now.

This article relies on references to primary sources. (September 2009)

- Seems a good mix now.

The neutrality of this article is disputed. (March 2012)

- I consider myself neutral on this topic and upon reading I feel there is fair weight for both sides.

If you wish to add any of these tags back please explain here first, I have the page watched and will be happy to respond.

Sulfurboy (talk) 18:17, 4 October 2013 (UTC)

 * I have added inline tags to illustrate where the article extensively relies on primary sources. See PSTS where it is clearly explained that single study is a primary source for itself. Other studies providing replication, meta analyses or published analyses are the needed appropriate secondary sources for much of the material in this article. Basic descriptions of GCP can be sourced to themselves but details of studies need to be reported on by secondary sources.
 * In addition most of the material is self published, some refer to journals but the link provided is not to the journal but the GCP website. If these articles were published full citations for the journals are needed (volume, issue, date, page number). Some of the critical material seems to be self published material also. I have tagged that too.
 * What is needed is for this article to rely primarily on secondary sources that have found the GCP notable enough to produce detailed discussion of its activities. - - MrBill3 (talk) 18:49, 26 January 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Pareidolia or Apophenia?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareidolia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apophenia

Which best describes this phenomenon, pareidolia or apophenia? I think the latter.

Hpfeil (talk) 18:22, 30 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Please excuse my saying that I can't see how either can apply. This is an experiment carried out by scientific methods.  By the way, I'm enjoying a book by Craig Weller called Psi Wars that throws an interesting light on what is happening here. --Brian Josephson (talk) 19:32, 30 July 2020 (UTC)

Meaning of REG not explained
Random Number Generator, RNG? I don't get it. 93.241.211.7 (talk) 07:16, 12 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Global Consciousness Project


text: User talk:69.212.147.230

title: User talk:69.212.147.230


text:
User talk:LanguageMan

Hi, thanks for your contributions. I noticed you've been around for a little while but never been formally welcomed so:

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --JYolkowski // talk 01:58, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Moving a page
Please use the move function, instead of copy-and-paste, when renaming a page. This avoids splitting the page history in several places. Khatru2 23:54, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:LanguageMan


text:
Talk:Jennifer Shahade

games "inventor" too?
Wow, no mention of "Hula Chess" (to help popularize Chess esp. to women) and "Roulette Chess" (to encourage lesser-skilled players to actually play, adding "luck" and altering strategy, rather like the dealing of shuffled cards in Poker)... RC explained here http://main.uschess.org/content/view/10206/343/ and HC explained/demonstrated here http://jennifershahade.com/site/2009/07/04/hulachess-cover-and-excerpt/ 199.214.17.23 (talk) 18:31, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

Is the addition of the "personal life" / investigation content appropriate?
This edit introduced material relating to an accusation/complaint against another person. The paragraph seems to be focused on the complaint and how it is being handled by two organizations, rather than much to do with Shahade's personal life. I also question whether the material crosses into WP:AVOIDVICTIM territory. 7d9CBWvAg8U4p3s8 (talk) 13:40, 18 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Change of venue: this discussion is now at Biographies_of_living_persons/Noticeboard 7d9CBWvAg8U4p3s8 (talk) 13:49, 19 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jennifer Shahade


text:
South Geelong railway station

South Geelong railway station is located on the Warrnambool line in Victoria, Australia. It serves the southern Geelong suburb of South Geelong, and it opened on 1 November 1883.

History
The railway line to Winchelsea opened on 25 November 1876. Prior to the establishment of the station, the site was used as a loading point for ballast and bluestone by the contractor building the Queenscliff railway line.

A timber station building was provided at opening. Opposite the station was a loop siding, longer than the platform, and behind the station was a dead end siding. Around 1887 or 1888, the siding was extended and a goods shed provided.

A list of signals, dated around 1899, showed South Geelong having two home signals and two starters. In March 1900, the staff and ticket system between the sections Geelong - Queenscliff Junction - Mount Moriac, was replaced by the electric staff system. However, the station appeared to remain a block post between there and Geelong, apparently so that trains could wait at the station, instead of at Queenscliff Junction.

On 5 August 1901, Queenscliff Junction was abolished, with a new line being built parallel with the old line, effectively making South Geelong the junction for Queenscliff. An interlocking frame was also provided around that time, with the station building being partially rebuilt to accommodate the frame. After that, the large electric staff section was then Geelong "D" signal box - South Geelong - Mount Moriac, while the branch staff and ticket section became South Geelong - Drysdale.

Alterations to arrangements for the Geelong Showgrounds and the Geelong Racecourse took place a few years later. The racecourse, which was served by a short railway branch from Connewarre, moved to its present site in 1907, as well as the Showgrounds. They were served by a new siding and station. In 1912, the platform was extended at its eastern (down) end, to accommodate the increasing length of trains. Similar platform extensions occurred at most stations along the line during the same year. During that time, the level crossing at nearby Moorabool Street was grade separated, by providing a rail overpass over the road. A temporary loop was provided, to allow trains to operate during works, with the arrangement operating until February 1913.

1914 saw alterations in the goods yard. The former Bellerine Street level crossing was closed, and replaced by a pedestrian overpass (now removed). That enabled the yard to be enlarged, by providing two long sidings parallel to the main running line in the down direction, with a connection for down trains at the end of the platform. The sidings were brought into use in December 1914.

In 1921, the station became a depot for gravel from the Gherang pits, which were located on the short Wensleydale branch line. Other industries along the nearby Barwon River used South Geelong as a base to receive their supplies. Seven years later, on 20 June 1928, Geelong - South Geelong was converted to miniature electric staff working, with South Geelong - Racecourse - Moriac converted on 18 September of that year. An automatic staff exchanger was provided around 1930.

The crossing of trains at the station was generally avoided because of a lack of appropriate crossing facilities. Trains were only timed to cross there on special occasions, such as holiday periods. For example; on 24 December 1927, the 10.20 Warrnambool passenger service, due at South Geelong at 12.03, was due to cross the 09.35 passenger train from Camperdown, due at 12.02, and had to "wait for P3", P3 being the Warrnambool service. The train was then to wait on the Queenscliff branch line, subject to Rule 15 of Appendix VII, of the Book of Rules and Regulations. Therefore, the train, which had to wait, stood at the up home signal. That also prevented South Geelong giving Drysdale an electric staff for trains to approach, while a train waited for a cross, or shunting trains onto the branch line, while another train was approaching. On 1 June 1931, passenger services ceased on the Queenscliff line, and, a week later, the miniature electric staff was abolished. Drysdale was abolished as a staff station, and the staff and ticket system was re-introduced between South Geelong and Queenscliff.

Gates at the nearby Swanston Street level crossing were provided in 1914. In 1934, the gatekeeper was given control, via a ground frame, of two arms on "Post 3". The gatekeeper also controlled two arms above the bracket distant signal on "Post 5". That arrangement lasted until 1976, when flashing lights were provided. Boom barriers were provided later on in 2009.

The former State Electricity Commission (SECV) opened a briquette depot in the South Geelong yard in 1940, with two new sidings provided. In March of that year, the siding was extended by about 200 yard, with the staff-locked connection between the siding and the main line also extended. That proved beneficial for trains using the station to move passenger traffic to football games at nearby Kardinia Park, located nearby in Moorabool Street. Up to seven trains could be held in the yard.

On 29 September 1959, siding "A", directly opposite the station, was abolished. The run-round loop was re-instated in 1982.

Commencing on 4 November 1968, local passenger services from Geelong were extended to South Geelong, and a car park was established on part of the goods yard. Initially, one train each way was provided during morning and afternoon peaks, usually followed by an empty car movement. By 1979, the number of local services to and from South Geelong had increased to eight a day, in both directions.

In 1982, siding "A" was re-instated, and extended across the Yarra Street level crossing. The down end crossover was moved about approximately 175 ft. The down home signal was also moved. The points from the platform to the goods siding, by then rarely used, and no longer holding empty-car trains, could be Annett locked. The automatic staff exchanger was also removed during 1982. The former Queenscliff branch, which closed in 1976, was then effectively siding "B". The controls for the down and up home signals were removed, and distant signal "Post 7", in siding "B", was reduced to a single distant arm.

In October 1983, the original timber station building was demolished, and replaced by the present station building, which opened on 30 September 1984. Two years later, in February 1986, boom barriers replaced the hand-operated gates at the Yarra Street level crossing. Further signalling alterations occurred in 1989 and 1992.

Today, South Geelong is staffed from first train to last, and is served by a majority of commuter Geelong trains. The former railway branch line to Queenscliff is now occupied by the Bellarine Rail Trail as far as Drysdale, and the Bellarine Peninsula Railway between Drysdale and Queenscliff.

The former Geelong Racecourse station was located between South Geelong and Marshall stations. The last service to use the station was for the 2005 Geelong Cup. In February 2011, the loop siding serving the former platform was disconnected from the main line, as part of a sleeper renewal program. On 1 March of that year, the loop siding was abolished, effectively closing the station.

As part of the Regional Rail Revival project, the station is to be rebuilt, and will include a new second platform, a new pedestrian overpass, a new station building to replace the existing structure and an upgraded forecourt, upgraded car parking spaces, upgrades to lighting and CCTV and better connections to nearby Kardinia Park. As part of these works, the railway line between Waurn Ponds and South Geelong is also to be duplicated.

Platforms and services
South Geelong has one platform. It is serviced by V/Line Geelong line and selected Warrnambool line services. A number of services terminate at South Geelong, but the majority continue to Waurn Ponds.

Platform 1:
 * services to Marshall, Waurn Ponds and Southern Cross
 * one weekday evening and weekend services to Warrnambool and Southern Cross

Platform 2:
 * Future service
 * Future service

Transport links
CDC Geelong operates one route via South Geelong station, under contract to Public Transport Victoria:
 * North Shore station – Deakin University Waurn Ponds Campus

External reading and links

 * Newsrail March 1985 pp. 68–73
 * Victorian Railway Stations gallery
 * Victorian Railway Stations gallery

title: South Geelong railway station


text:
Henry Weinhard's

Blitz-Weinhard was a brand of beer first brewed in 1856 in Portland, Oregon. The brewery was owned by the brewer Henry Weinhard of the Weinhard family, who also made a line of soft drinks which survives to this day.

The Blitz-Weinhard brand was among several regional Pacific Northwest beers which were staples in that market during the decades following the repeal of Prohibition. As competition from national brands began to erode the market share of longstanding northwest beers, Blitz-Weinhard responded by creating what many consider Oregon’s first craft beer, Henry Weinhard’s Private Reserve (also referred to as Henry Weinhard’s or Henry’s), in 1976.

Advertising campaign
The company positioned Henry Weinhard’s as a premium beer through a noteworthy advertising campaign in the late 1970’s and 1980’s. The campaign featured a fictitious brand of beer called "Schludwiller" beer. A series of popular television commercials depicted Schludwiller as a beer brewed by the "California-Eastern Brewing Co." in California. In one of the ads, a "border patrolman" played by actor Dick Curtis asked Earl and Vern (the drivers of the Schludwiller Beer truck) "Well, now .{nbsp}.{nbsp}. where you fellas going with all that beer?" Schludwiller came complete with its own motto in Latin: Quod Nesciunt Sibi Damno Non Erit (roughly: "What They Don't Know Won't Hurt Them").

The Henry Weinhard's brand, repositioned as a quality microbrew, was able to regain and sustain its popularity. However, its favored status with beer-drinkers was not enough to save the original Portland brewery from eventual closure.

Like many businesses in the United States at the time, the Blitz-Weinhard brewery succumbed to purchase and resale by a number of companies in the late 20th century, including Pabst Brewing Company and Miller Brewing Company and now MillerCoors, the U.S. business unit of Molson Coors Brewing Company. In August 2021 Molson Coors announced the end of production for Henry Weinhard's Reserve.

Brewery
In 1862, Henry Weinhard moved to Portland, Oregon and purchased an old brewery on the corner of Northwest First and Davis, before moving in 1864 to a facility occupying two full blocks at Northwest 12th and Burnside. This Blitz-Weinhard brewery in Portland survived as a production facility under several ownership changes until 1999, when it was sold by the Stroh Brewery Company to the Miller Brewing Company, who closed it down in late August.

The brewery was a fixture of an old industrial and warehouse district which, beginning in the 1990s, has become known as the Pearl District in downtown Portland, and its closure marked the beginning of a massive urban rejuvenation project. Following the closure of the Portland brewery in 1999, Henry Weinhard's was brewed at the Olympia brewery in Tumwater, Washington until that brewery too was closed in 2003. Some of its beers were brewed under contract at the Full Sail Brewing Company in Hood River until 2013.

Henry Weinhard's Private Reserve was slated for discontinuation as of August 2021. However, the brand was revived by Eugene, Oregon based Hop Valley Brewing in 2022.

Gourmet sodas
Molson Coors Beverage Company has sought to exploit the Henry Weinhard's brand selling gourmet sodas, distributed out of Colfax, California. Flavors include:
 * Root Beer
 * Vanilla cream soda
 * Orange cream
 * Black cherry cream

title: Henry Weinhard's


text:
Jay Baruchel

Jonathan Adam Saunders Baruchel (born April 9, 1982) is a Canadian actor and director. He is best known for his voice role as Hiccup Haddock in the How to Train Your Dragon franchise, and for his lead roles in the comedies Fanboys (2009), She's Out of My League (2010), and This Is the End (2013). Baruchel was the co-lead in the Disney action-fantasy film The Sorcerer's Apprentice (2010). Films in which Baruchel has had a starring role have grossed over $1.28 billion at the worldwide box office as of 2024.

Baruchel has also had supporting roles in comedy movies such as Knocked Up (2007), Tropic Thunder (2008), Goon (2011), and The Art of the Steal (2013). In television, he had lead roles as Steven Karp in Judd Apatow's comedy series Undeclared (2001–2002) and Josh Greenberg in the FXX comedy series Man Seeking Woman (2015–2017), both of which received praise from critics.

Baruchel had a lead role as BlackBerry co-founder Mike Lazaridis in the biographical comedy-drama film BlackBerry (2023), for which he won a Canadian Screen Award for Best Lead Performance in a Comedy Film. He has also had non-comedic lead roles in films such as Good Neighbours (2010), The Kindness of Strangers (2019), and Humane (2024), and supporting roles in Million Dollar Baby (2004), Cosmopolis (2012), and RoboCop (2014). Baruchel has directed the films Goon: Last of the Enforcers (2017) and Random Acts of Violence (2019), which he both acted in.

Early life
Baruchel was born in Ottawa, Ontario, the son of Robyne (née Ropell), a freelance writer, and Serge Baruchel, an antiques dealer. He grew up in the Notre-Dame-de-Grâce neighbourhood of Montréal, Quebec, and has a younger sister. His father was born in Paris, France. Baruchel is of one-quarter Jewish descent, with the rest of his ancestry being French and Irish-Catholic. He has stated that he believes his Irish roots are from County Mayo.

Career
Baruchel got his first acting job when he was just 12. One of his first major acting roles was on the local television series My Hometown in 1996. From 1997 to 1998, he co-hosted Popular Mechanics for Kids with Elisha Cuthbert. After appearing briefly in Cameron Crowe's Oscar winning film Almost Famous, Baruchel won the role of Steven Karp on Judd Apatow's acclaimed yet short-lived television series Undeclared, where he starred alongside Seth Rogen, Carla Gallo, Charlie Hunnam, and Monica Keena. He then appeared with James Van Der Beek in Roger Avary's The Rules of Attraction.

In 2004, Baruchel played boxing hopeful Danger Barch in Clint Eastwood's Million Dollar Baby. Baruchel then starred in Nemesis Game and Fetching Cody, before appearing opposite Don Johnson on the WB's Just Legal in 2005, and guest-starring on the CBS drama Numb3rs in 2006.

Baruchel appeared in the films Knocked Up (which reunited him with Judd Apatow, Jason Segel, and Seth Rogen), I'm Reed Fish, Just Buried, and the Ben Stiller-directed Tropic Thunder, alongside Jack Black, Nick Nolte, Steve Coogan, and Robert Downey Jr. He co-starred with Seth Rogen in the 2007 trailer for Jay and Seth versus the Apocalypse, created by Rogen and Evan Goldberg as a strategy to garner interest and funding for a similar, larger-scale project (later made in 2013 as This Is the End). In 2008, he appeared in Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist. He also made a brief appearance in Night at the Museum 2: Battle of the Smithsonian.

In 2010, Baruchel starred in the films The Trotsky, DreamWorks' She's Out of My League (opposite Alice Eve), and the live-action Disney adaptation of The Sorcerer's Apprentice. He also voiced the starring role in the acclaimed animated feature, How to Train Your Dragon, a role he has subsequently continued throughout the franchise, including its television series. Also in 2010, he played two supporting characters in the Canadian comedy series The Drunk and On Drugs Happy Fun Time Hour. He developed the screenplay for Goon, with Evan Goldberg, playing Johnny Klutz, a character of his own creation. Goon co-stars Seann William Scott and fellow Canadian actor Eugene Levy.

Baruchel also appeared in the 2010 Adidas Originals ad campaign, "Cantina", in conjunction with the FIFA World Cup and in video clips for Canadian prog-rockers Rush's 2012–13 Clockwork Angels tour. In July 2012, he appeared in the music video for the song "Toxsik Waltz" by rapper Necro. In the summer of 2013, he starred in the hit apocalyptic comedy This Is the End and in 2014, he appeared in the RoboCop remake and reprised his role as Hiccup in How to Train Your Dragon 2.

In July 2014, it was announced that Baruchel would be starring in the FXX comedy Man Seeking Woman which premiered in January 2015. He also appeared in the 2015 music video for the song "Every Little Means Trust" by Idlewild.

Baruchel was also involved in writing the Chapterhouse comic book series Captain Canuck.

Baruchel wrote, directed, and starred in the 2017 sports comedy film Goon: Last of the Enforcers, the sequel to the 2011 film Goon.

In 2018, he made his debut as an author, with Born Into It: A Fan's Life, released on Harper Collins. The book explored his love of the Montreal Canadiens with anecdotes, childhood memories, and heartfelt tales about his life as a fan of the team.

After the release of How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World, 2019 saw Baruchel star in the Danish film The Kindness of Strangers and the Canadian horror film Random Acts of Violence, which was his second film as a director.

In 2021, Baruchel hosted the original audio podcast documentary series for Audible.ca, Highly Legal, that explored the political and economic history and aftermath of Canada's legalization of marijuana. In the same year, Baruchel and his wife, Rebecca-Jo Dunham, both appeared in the music video for "Ouch", the lead single from The Tragically Hip's archival EP Saskadelphia. He was also named host of LOL: Last One Laughing Canada, which premiered on February 18, 2022 on Amazon Prime Video. He appears in the seventh episode of The Kids in the Hall revival.

In 2022, Baruchel hosted the Crave original series We're All Gonna Die (Even Jay Baruchel), a six-episode docuseries about the end of the world that explored potential world-ending risks. Baruchel, as host, met with scientists and other experts to discuss the feasibility of the risks and the potential solutions and innovations to counter the issues.

Personal life
Baruchel was engaged to actress Alison Pill from 2011 to 2013. He alluded to their break-up in a Twitter post on February 16, 2013. In May 2018, Baruchel announced his engagement to his girlfriend Rebecca-Jo Dunham. They were married on September 21, 2019, in Portugal. Baruchel has said that he is "probably agnostic".

Baruchel has several tattoos: a Celtic cross (on his upper right arm) to honour his Irish heritage, and a red Maple Leaf on his left pectoral, which can be seen in Fanboys, Knocked Up, Tropic Thunder, and This Is the End.

Baruchel is a supporter of Scottish football club Celtic since the early 2000s, and in 2016 co-produced a documentary detailing his journey towards falling in love with the club.

title: Jay Baruchel


text:
User:Zenupassio

Every morning I unfurl myself like the Grand Old Flag.

title: User:Zenupassio


text:
USS Gilmer

Two ships in the United States Navy have been named USS Gilmer after the 19th-century American statesman Thomas Walker Gilmer:

 * USS Gilmer (DD-233) was a Clemson-class destroyer commissioned in 1920 and decommissioned in 1946.
 * USS Gilmer (PC-565) was a patrol boat commissioned in 1942 and decommissioned in 1946.

title: USS Gilmer


text: Template:Audio-IPA

title: Template:Audio-IPA


text:
Revelations (2005 TV series)

Revelations is an American apocalyptic drama television miniseries created by David Seltzer and based on the Book of Revelation. The series follows two central characters, an astrophysicist (Bill Pullman) and a nun (Natascha McElhone), in a race against time to see if the end of the world can be averted. It also stars Michael Massee, Mark Rendall, Chelsey Coyle, Brittney Coyle, John Rhys-Davies, Orla Brady, Alexa Nikolas, Tobin Bell, Martin Starr, Fred Durst, and Caryn Green.

Synopsis
Dr. Richard Massey, a noted astrophysicist from Harvard, returns home after having hunted down the Satanist that brutally murdered his daughter Lucy in a satanic ritual. The Satanist, a man named Isaiah Haden, is put into prison awaiting trial. Richard Massey is a man of science and does not believe in religion at all. He is bitter at his loss and the general poor state of his life and only wants to see Isaiah Haden face his punishment.

Meanwhile, a nun named Josepha Montafiore who is working for the Eklind Foundation, a wealthy traditionalist Catholic organization, visits the bedside of a comatose girl. The child was struck twice by lightning while crossing a golf course and lives in a vegetative state. However, the girl mumbles Bible verses in Latin and draws cryptic drawings. Josepha believes that this is an act of God and decides to pursue it.

The girl's visions lead Josepha to Richard, who joins her on her quest to document and unravel signs of the End of Days. Their journey eventually becomes a race against time to thwart Haden's followers as they try to bring about the Apocalypse, all while hot on the trail of a child who may be able to save them all.

Cast

 * Bill Pullman as Dr. Richard Massey
 * Natascha McElhone as Sister Josepha Montafiore
 * Michael Massee as Isaiah Haden
 * Mark Rendall as Henry "Hawk" Webber
 * Chelsey Coyle as Olivia "Livvie" Beaudrey
 * Brittney Coyle as Olivia "Livvie" Beaudrey
 * John Rhys-Davies as Professor Lampley
 * Orla Brady as Nora Webber
 * Alexa Nikolas as Lucy Massey
 * Tobin Bell as Nathan Volk
 * Martin Starr as Mark Rubio
 * Fred Durst as Ogden
 * Caryn Green as Tulia
 * Fionnula Flanagan as Mother Francine
 * Jesper Christensen as Torvald Eklind
 * Paul Venables as Tom Webber
 * Jonathan Whittaker as Nelson Boyd
 * Winter Ave Zoli as Anna-Theresa
 * Clémence Poésy as E.C.
 * Christopher Biggins as Cardinal Laveigh
 * Werner Daehn as Asteroth
 * Patrick Bauchau as Dr. Daniel Goran
 * Davenia McFadden as Sister Delise
 * Joel Polis as Hospital Administrator
 * James Bigwood as Prison Chaplain

title: Revelations (2005 TV series)


text:
North Geelong railway station

North Geelong railway station is located on the Warrnambool line in Victoria, Australia. It serves the northern Geelong suburb of North Geelong, and opened on 1 August 1883 as West Geelong. It was renamed North Geelong on 1 January 1886.

The station is on the Geelong side of the junction of the Ballarat and Melbourne lines. The North Geelong rail yards are north of the station.

After a rearrangement of the Ballarat line junction in 1907, the platform on the west side was removed, and all trains used the one platform. A further reorganisation in 1920 saw the second platform restored.

In 1973, the former Victoria Street level crossing, which was at the down (southern) end of the station, was replaced by the Margaret Street overpass and a pedestrian underpass. In 1976, both platforms were extended by over 60 metres, and the platforms and platform facings were renewed in 1979. The main station building on Platform 1 was opened on 8 August 1990 and, in 2008, the smaller building on Platform 2 was replaced by a metal shelter.

In January 2019, the North Geelong "C" signal box, one of the few remaining mechanical signal boxes in Victoria, was abolished, and a project was begun to automatically signal the lines it formerly controlled.

Platforms and services
North Geelong has two side platforms. It is served by V/Line Geelong line and selected Warrnambool line trains.

Platform 1:
 * services to Southern Cross
 * weekend services to Southern Cross

Platform 2:
 * services to Geelong, South Geelong, Marshall and Waurn Ponds
 * one weekday evening and two weekend services to Warrnambool

Transport links
CDC Geelong operates two bus routes via North Geelong station, under contract to Public Transport Victoria:
 * Geelong station – Corio Shopping Centre
 * to Geelong station

title: North Geelong railway station


text:
User:Cmdrjameson

Recovering Wikipediholic with a manually supervised correction bot.

I haven't added much in the way of new articles, but Wikipedia acts as a vast playground for my inner pedant; I've done a lot of spelling, punctuation and grammar corrections, along with miscellaneous cleaning of markup.

Articles I wrote

 * Moshe Leiser and Patrice Caurier -- translated from the article on the German Wikipedia
 * K1839 -- translated from the Russian Wikipedia.
 * Norman Jouppi -- translated from the German Wikipedia.
 * Draft:Rosamund Grosvenor -- translated from the Dutch Wikipedia.

Notes to self

 * Project Galatea
 * Manual of Style
 * WikiProject Fix common mistakes
 * List of common misspellings
 * Typo
 * WikiProject Wiki Syntax
 * Edit summary legend
 * List of Wikipedians by number of edits
 * Database download
 * Cite your sources
 * American and British English differences

title: User:Cmdrjameson


text:
User talk:Ukipguy

You have an odd sense of humour or are evil. You updated a highway sign picture with the edit summary saying that you updated the prices, even though the only difference is that you added a UFO. Are you trying to drive people insane? AAAAAaaaa! --Munchkinguy 02:04, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ukipguy


text:
Battle of Maysalun

The Battle of Maysalun (معركة ميسلون), also known as the Battle of Maysalun Pass or the Battle of Khan Maysalun (Bataille de Khan Mayssaloun), was a four-hour battle fought between the forces of the Arab Kingdom of Syria and the French Army of the Levant on 24 July 1920 near Khan Maysalun in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains, about 25 km west of Damascus.

In October 1918, Arab rebels, under Hashemite Emir Faisal, captured Damascus during the British-backed Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire. Faisal then formed a government under the auspices of the Allied military occupation administration of "OETA East", consistent with an earlier Anglo-French agreement. The French encountered local revolts when their forces entered the country, and in March 1920, Faisal was proclaimed King of Syria. A month later, the League of Nations allocated Syria to France as a mandate.

The Battle of Maysalun ensued as French forces set out from Lebanon to assert control over Damascus and topple Faisal's government. With remnants of the Syrian army and local volunteers, Faisal's war minister, General Yusuf al-Azma, set out to confront them. The better-equipped French troops, led by General Mariano Goybet, defeated al-Azma, who was killed in action. The French entered Damascus the following day, encountering little resistance. Soon afterward, Faisal was expelled from Syria. Despite the Syrian army's decisive defeat, the battle is viewed in Syria and the rest of the Arab world as a symbol of courageous resistance against a stronger, imperial power.

Background
On 30 October 1918, towards the end of World War I, the Sharifian Army led by Emir Faisal, backed by the British Army, captured Damascus from the Ottomans as part of the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire. The war ended less than a month after the Sharifian–British conquest of Damascus. In correspondences between the Sharifian leadership in Mecca and Henry McMahon, the British high commissioner in Cairo, the latter promised to support the establishment of a Sharifian kingdom in the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire in return for launching a revolt against the Ottomans. However, the British and French governments secretly made previous arrangements regarding the division of the Ottomans' Arab provinces between themselves in the 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement.

To ensure his throne in Syria, Faisal attended the January 1919 Paris Conference, where he was not recognized by the French government as the sovereign ruler of Syria; Faisal called for Syrian sovereignty under his rule, but the European powers attending the conference called for European mandates to be established over the former Arab territories of the Ottoman Empire. In the US-led June 1919 King–Crane Commission, which published its conclusions in 1922, the commission determined that the people of Syria overwhelmingly rejected French rule. Furthermore, Emir Faisal stated to the commission that "French rule would mean certain death to Syrians as a distinguished people".

French forces commanded by General Henri Gouraud landed in Beirut on 18 November 1919, with the ultimate goal of bringing all of Syria under French control. Shortly thereafter, French forces deployed to the Beqaa Valley between Beirut and Damascus. Against King Faisal's wishes, his delegate to General Gouraud, Nuri al-Said, agreed to the French deployment and the disbandment of Arab troops from al-Mu'allaqa, near Zahle. The agreement between al-Said and Gouraud was contrary to an earlier agreement Faisal had made with French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau, which held that French troops would not deploy in the Beqaa Valley until the League of Nations ruled on the matter. Faisal condemned al-Said and accused of him of treachery. Following the Arab Army withdrawal from al-Mu'allaqa, Christian militiamen from Zahle raided the town, prompting attacks from local Muslim militiamen, which forced several Christian families to the coast. Amid these developments, armed groups of rebels and bandits emerged throughout the Beqaa Valley. When a French officer in Baalbek was assaulted by Shia Muslim rebels opposed to the French presence, Gouraud held the Arab government responsible and demanded that it apologize, which it did not. In response, Gouraud violated his agreement with al-Said and occupied Baalbek. The French deployment along the Syrian coast and the Beqaa Valley provoked unrest throughout Syria and sharpened political divisions between the political camp calling for confronting the French and the camp preferring compromise.

On 8 March 1920, the Syrian National Congress proclaimed the establishment of the Kingdom of Syria, with Faisal as king. This unilateral action was immediately rejected by the British and French. In the San Remo Conference, which was called by the Allied Powers in April 1920, the allocation of mandates in the Arab territories was finalized, with France given a mandate over Syria. France's allocation of Syria was, in turn, repudiated by Faisal and the Syrian National Congress. After months of instability and failure to make good on the promises Faisal had made to the French, General Gouraud gave an ultimatum to Faisal on 14 July 1920 demanding that he disband the Arab Army and submit to French authority by 20 July or face a French military invasion. On 18 July, Faisal and the entire cabinet, with the exception of War Minister Yusuf al-Azma, agreed to the ultimatum and issued disbandment orders for the Arab Army units at Anjar, the Beirut–Damascus road and the hills of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains overlooking the Beqaa Valley. Two days later, Faisal informed the French liaison in Damascus of his acceptance of the ultimatum, but for unclear reasons, Faisal's notification did not reach Gouraud until 21 July. Sources suspicious of French intentions accused the French of intentionally delaying delivery of the notice to give Gouraud an official excuse for advancing on Damascus. However, there has been no evidence or indication of French sabotage. News of the disbandment and Faisal's submission led to riots in Damascus on 20 July and their suppression by Emir Zeid, which led to around 200 deaths. Al-Azma, who staunchly opposed surrender, implored Faisal to allow him and the remnants of his army to confront the French.

Prelude
On 22 July, Faisal dispatched Education Minister Sati al-Husri and the Arab government's former Beirut representative, Jamil al-Ulshi, to meet Gouraud at his headquarters in Aley and persuade him to end his army's advance to Damascus. Gouraud responded by extending the ultimatum by one day and with new, more stringent conditions, namely that France be allowed to establish a mission in Damascus to supervise the implementation of the original ultimatum and the establishment of the French mandate. Al-Husri returned to Damascus the same day to communicate Gouraud's message to Faisal, who called for a meeting of the cabinet on 23 July to consider the new ultimatum. Colonel Cousse, a French liaison officer to Damascus, interrupted the meeting with a demand from Gouraud that the French army be allowed to advance toward Maysalun, where water wells were abundant. Gouraud had originally planned to launch the offensive against Damascus from Ayn al-Judaydah, a spring in the Anti-Lebanon Range, but the lack of water sources there amid the steep, barren mountains led to a change of plans. Accordingly, Gouraud sought to occupy Khan Maysalun, an isolated caravanserai on the Beirut–Damascus road situated at the crest of the Wadi al-Qarn mountain pass in the Anti-Lebanon, located 25 km west of Damascus. Gouraud was also motivated to occupy Khan Maysalun because of its proximity to the Hejaz Railway. Cousse's message confirmed the fears of Faisal's cabinet that Gouraud was intent on taking over Syria by force. The cabinet subsequently rejected Gouraud's ultimatum and issued a largely symbolic appeal to the international community to end the French advance. On 23 July, al-Azma set out from Damascus with his motley force of army regulars and volunteers, which was divided into northern, central and southern columns each headed by camel cavalry units. French forces launched their offensive towards Khan Maysalun and Wadi al-Qarn shortly after dawn on 24 July, at 5:00, while Syrian forces were waiting at their positions overlooking the low end of Wadi al-Qarn.

French forces

Estimates of the combined size of the French Army of the Levant forces that participated in the battle ranged from 9,000 to 12,000 troops. The troops involved were mostly Senegalese and Algerian, and consisted of ten infantry battalions and a number of cavalry and artillery units. Among the participating units were the 415th Infantry Regiment, the 2nd Algerian Tirailleurs (Riflemen) Regiment, the Senegalese Division, the African Light Infantry Regiment and the Moroccan Spahi Regiment. A number of Maronite volunteers from Mount Lebanon reportedly joined the French forces as well. The Army of the Levant was equipped with field and mountain artillery batteries and 155mm guns, and backed by tanks and fighter bombers. The commander of the French forces was General Mariano Goybet.

Syrian forces
Syrian forces consisted of remnants of the Arab Army assembled by General al-Azma, including soldiers from General Hassan al-Hindi's disbanded Anjar-based garrison, disbanded units from Damascus and Bedouin camel cavalry; most Arab Army units had been disbanded days prior to the battle by order of King Faisal as part of his acceptance of General Gouraud's terms. In addition to Arab Army troops, numerous civilian volunteers and militiamen from Damascus joined al-Azma's forces. Estimates put the number of Syrian soldiers and irregulars at around 4,000, while historian Eliezer Tauber asserts that al-Azma recruited 3,000 soldiers and volunteers, of whom only 1,400 participated in the battle. According to historian Michael Provence, the "quarters of Damascus had been emptied of young men as crowds walked west, some armed only with swords or sticks, to meet the mechanized French column".

Part of the civilian militia units were assembled and led by Yasin Kiwan, a Damascene merchant, Abd al-Qadir Kiwan, the former imam of the Umayyad Mosque, and Shaykh Hamdi al-Juwajani, a Muslim scholar. Yasin and Abd al-Qadir were killed during the battle. Shaykh Muhammad al-Ashmar also participated in the battle with 40–50 of his men from the Midan quarter of Damascus. Other Muslim preachers and scholars from Damascus, including Tawfiq al-Darra (ex-mufti of the Ottoman Fifth Army), Sa'id al-Barhani (preacher at the Tuba Mosque), Muhammad al-Fahl (scholar from the Qalbaqjiyya Madrasa) and Ali Daqqar (preacher at the Sinan Pasha Mosque) also participated in the battle.

The Syrians were equipped with rifles discarded by retreating Ottoman soldiers during World War I and those used by the Sharifian Army's Bedouin cavalry during the 1916 Arab Revolt. The Syrians also possessed a number of machine guns and about 15 artillery pieces. According to various versions, ammunition was low, with 120–250 bullets per rifle, 45 bullets per machine gun, and 50–80 shells per cannon. Part of this ammunition was also unusable because many bullet and rifle types did not correspond to each other.

Battle
The first clashes took place at 6:30 when French tanks stormed the central position of the Syrian defensive line while French cavalry and infantry units assaulted the Syrians' northern and southern positions. The camel cavalry were the first Syrian units to engage the French. Syrian forces initially put up stiff resistance along the front, but lacked coordination between their different units. Early in the clashes, Syrian artillery fire inflicted casualties on a battery of French soldiers. French tanks faced heavy fire as they attempted to gain ground against the Syrians. However, French artillery took a toll on Syrian forces and by 8:30 the French had broken the Syrians' central trench. At one point in the first few hours of the clashes, Syrian forces managed to briefly pin down two Senegalese companies that were relatively isolated on the French right flank. The losses inflicted on the two Senegalese units represented roughly half of the French army's total casualties. Nonetheless, by 10:00, the battle was effectively over, having turned decisively in favor of the French.

At 10:30, French forces reached al-Azma's headquarters, unhindered by the mines laid en route by the Syrians. Little information is known about the battle from the Syrian side. According to one version, when French forces were about 100 meters in the distance, al-Azma rushed to a Syrian artilleryman stationed near him and ordered him to open fire. However, before any shells could be fired, a French tank unit spotted al-Azma and gunned him down by machine gun. In another account, al-Azma had attempted to mine the trenches as the French forces approached his position, but was shot down by the French before he could set off the charges. Al-Azma's death marked the end of the battle, although intermittent clashes continued until 13:30. Surviving Syrian fighters were bombed from the air and harried by the French as they retreated toward Damascus.

After the battle, General Gouraud addressed General Goybet as follows:

GENERAL ORDER No. 22

Aley, 24 July 1920

 * "The General is deeply happy to address his congratulations to General Goybet and his valiant troops: 415th of line, 2nd Algerian sharpshooters, 11th and 10th Senegalese sharpshooters, light-infantry-men of Africa, Moroccan trooper regiment, batteries of African groups, batteries of 155, 314, company of tanks, bombardment groups and squadrons who in the hard fight of 24 of July, have broken the resistance of the enemy who defied us for 8 months ... They have engraved a glorious page in the history of our country." – General Gouraud

Aftermath

Initial estimates of the casualties which claimed 2,000 Syrian dead and 800 French casualties turned out to be exaggerated. The French Army claimed 42 of its soldiers were killed, 152 wounded and 14 missing in action, while around 150 Syrian fighters were killed and 1,500 wounded. King Faisal observed the battle unfold from the village of al-Hamah, and as it became apparent that the Syrians had been routed, he and his cabinet, with the exception of Interior Minister Ala al-Din al-Durubi, who had quietly secured a deal with the French, departed for al-Kiswah, a town located at the southern approaches of Damascus.

French forces had captured Aleppo on 23 July without a fight, and after their victory at Maysalun, French troops besieged and captured Damascus on 25 July. Within a short time, the majority of Faisal's forces fled or surrendered to the French, although parties of Arab groups opposed to French rule continued to resist before being quickly defeated. King Faisal returned to Damascus on 25 July and asked al-Durubi to form a government, although al-Durubi had already decided on the composition of his cabinet, which was confirmed by the French. General Gouraud condemned Faisal's rule in Syria, accusing him of having "dragged the country to within an inch of destruction", and stating that because of this, it was "utterly impossible for him to remain in the country". Faisal denounced Gouraud's statement and insisted that he remained the sovereign head of Syria whose authority he was "granted by the Syrian people".

Although he verbally dismissed the French order expelling him and his family from Syria, Faisal departed Damascus on 27 July with only one of his cabinet members, al-Husri. He initially traveled south to Daraa in the Hauran region where he gained the allegiance of local tribal leaders. However, a French ultimatum to the tribal leaders to expel Faisal or face the bombardment of their encampments compelled Faisal to head west to Haifa in British-held Palestine on 1 August and avoid further bloodshed. Faisal's departure from Syria marked an end to his goal of establishing and leading an Arab state in Syria.

Legacy
The French took control of the territory that became the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon. France divided Syria into smaller statelets centered on certain regions and sects, including Greater Lebanon for the Maronites, Jabal al-Druze State for the Druze in Hauran, the Alawite State for the Alawites in the Syrian coastal mountains and the states of Damascus and Aleppo. Gouraud reportedly went to the tomb of Saladin, kicked it, and said:

Although the Syrians were decisively defeated, the Battle of Maysalun "has gone down in Arab history as a synonym for heroism and hopeless courage against huge odds, as well as for treachery and betrayal", according to Iraqi historian Ali al-Allawi. According to British journalist Robert Fisk, the Battle of Maysalun was "a struggle which every Syrian learns at school but about which almost every Westerner is ignorant". Historian Tareq Y. Ismael wrote that following the battle, the "Syrian resistance at Khan Maysalun soon took on epic proportions. It was viewed as an Arab attempt to stop the imperial avalanche." He also states that the Syrians' defeat caused popular attitudes in the Arab world that exist until the present day which hold that the Western world dishonors the commitments it makes to the Arab people and "oppresses anyone who stands in the way of its imperial designs." Sati' al-Husri, a major pan-Arabist thinker, asserted that the battle was "one of the most important events in the modern history of the Arab nation." The event is annually commemorated by Syrians, during which thousands visit the grave of al-Azma in Maysalun.

title: Battle of Maysalun


text:
Talk:Moderate Party

Untitled
There is prof that the Moderate is a Conservative Party not a Liberal-Conservative Party.

do you agree on neoliberal-conservative.

Thanks for providing the links, Michaelm. While I agree that one could read the platform as being "conservative", I think that we have to take into consideration the last line of [2], above: "Our policy is based on liberal and conservative values and ideas."

As well, [3], above, says: "Från början präglades partiets politik som patriotiskt och konservativt, men med tiden har liberalismen successivt vuxit sig allt starkare i partiet. Programmet 1919 slår fast att "den svenska högern är ett nationellt parti". Nu gällande partiprogram gör överhuvudtaget inga referenser till traditionellt konservativa värderingar." I can't read Swedish, but this clearly includes references to conservative and liberal.

I hope that a Swedish-speaking person can help us out here. Ground Zero 11:32, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Translation: "From the beginning the party's politics was characterized as patriotic and conservative, but as time has passed liberalism has grown stronger within the party. The party program from 1919 settles that "the swedish right wing is a nationalist party". In the current party program there are no references whatsoever to traditionally conservative values."

 * Trust me, they're not a traditionally conservative party. I would rather compare them to the U.S. Democratic Party or the UK Labour party. From their official website: "Our policy is based on liberal and conservative values and ideas." . Thus I think it's fair to call them liberal-conservative. /Jebur 00:09, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep in mind that "liberal" means very different things in British English and American English and this leads to confusion. AE "Liberalism" would be the same as BE "Social liberalism", whereas BE "Liberalism" is roughly AE "Libertarianism".  The Swedish words more closely match the BE ones, "liberalism" -> "liberalism" and "socialliberalism" -> "social liberalism". /Alk (060122) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.11.202.125 (talk) 12:22, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

Ideology and position.
Currently i find their ideology more right-wing-oriented. Moderate Party has been centre-right party since Fredrik Reinfeldt was the chairman, but after that... the moderate party are back to their right-wing roots, and now more than ever. — Preceding unsigned comment added by LGLMZ (talk • contribs) 09:52, 5 May 2018 (UTC)
 * There has been recent edits in the same direction, but they aren't sourced to Wikipedia standards. Reliable sources seem to mostly call the Moderates centre-right     . I believe that centre-right still is the WP:DUE description.Sjö (talk) 07:00, 9 April 2019 (UTC)
 * I don't think this party is right-wing. There is no guarantee from any source that this party is a right-wing. It's just a relatively more conservative trend than in the past. The Moderate Party is basically a 'Centre-right' and please provide a suitable source for this party as a real 'Centre-right to right-wing' (One thing is for sure, there are no reliable sources that the Modern Party has described as 'right-wing' yet.)--삭은사과 (talk) 10:37, 12 June 2019 (UTC)
 * If you read this article then you'll find that "the party will stand more clearly on the right-wing than during Reinfeldt's time" (Partiet vill stå mer tydligt till höger än under Reinfeldts tid.) and former leader Ulf Adelsohn (1981-1986) said that "Moderate party has returned to what we stood for". Back then they were a right-wing party and if you see party-members Tomas Tobé, Elisabeth Svantesson, Johan Forsell, Hanif Bali, Ann Heberlein and Alice Teodorescu (one of their newest members) talk about economy, migration, crimes, taxes etc. on TV, you'll find that they're clearly right-wing politicians. Their political views are quite similar to other right-wing partys KD and MED, and even far-right oriented SD (in some questions). Centre-right partys C and L are not as harsh as Moderate Party in their ideology so yeah... Moderate party is a centre-right to right-wing party.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.69.38.230 (talk) 15:37, 10 July 2019 (UTC)
 * As sources for your recent change you added the Expressen article you linked above and a 2010 page from the Moderates website. I don't understand what you intend to show with a nine years old web page, but I can't find anything there that supports the statement. As for the Expressen page you rely on a sentence that doesn't say right-wing, just that it will stand more to the right. Then you add your personal interpretations of some politicians. That is textbook original research and as such means that "right-wing" isn't sourced. Sjö (talk) 16:19, 10 July 2019 (UTC)
 * I agree with previous comment, and I suggest that the claim that the party is right-wing is removed. The claim only has two sources:
 * https://web.archive.org/web/20100812083123/http://www.moderat.se/web/Om_Moderaterna.aspx
 * https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/ulf-kristersson-skrotar-reinfeldts-m-logga/
 * The first source is general information about the party, which dates back to 2010 and doesn't even mention the word "right". The second source is a newspaper article that describes that the party has adopted a new logo that resembles historical logos, and which contains only one sentence about the party's political position, but which only states that the party "now wants to stand more clearly on the right". To draw conclustions from these two sources that the party's political position is right-wing would be original research, in my opition. A source must directly support the content added. /EriFr (talk) 17:16, 10 July 2019 (UTC)
 * The party's growing right-wing leaner does not mean it will become a 'Right-wing' party. If that's the case, the Labour Party (UK) document should also be changed to 'Centre-Left to Left-wing'. (There are also many documents of political parties in other countries that are internationally far more extreme right than this, but are formally labeled center-right.) At least, it is right to keep the position 'Centre-right' unless there is an article that clearly states that the Moderate Party is a 'right-wing' party --삭은사과 (talk) 12:05, 14 July 2019 (UTC)

Political position
During the Moderate Party Congress in October 2021, multiple new policies were brought forward - Lowering the age of criminal responsibility to 13, that Sweden should have the lowest level of immigration in the European Union aswell as to call themselves a “Grön Höger” (Green Right).

All of this together with other changes in position in favour of the right I would find it more appropriate if the Moderate Party was classified as a “Centre-right to right-wing party”. ShutTheFurgessonUp (talk) 17:06, 24 October 2021 (UTC)

 * Oppose the above – what is being described is changes in policies, not an ideological change to party; also, centre-right is well-referenced with scholarly sources.—Autospark (talk) 21:04, 26 October 2021 (UTC)

State owned SVT aswell as Dagens Nyheter have written articles about the Moderates moving to the right. Since the Moderate Party has moved to the right ideologically and has become more conservative in its policies it would be more well-fitting if the Wikipedia-article contains that.

Besides SVT and DN, Reuters and Euractiv have brought this up. - ShutTheFurgessonUp (talk) 17:39, 26 October (UTC)

 * See WP:UNDUE and WP:RECENTISM.—Autospark (talk) 17:31, 27 October 2021 (UTC)

Sourcing, particularly in the History section
I have added Template:More refs to the History section, but I hope most issues can be resolved by comparing this article to the Swedish version, which has more sources and I assume it was largely translated from. (This is a common issue with translated articles– the content gets shared but the sources do not.) Wracking  💬 00:52, 23 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Moderate Party


text:
User talk:Serapis~enwiki

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has now been reverted or removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing in articles will be reverted quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. -- Coneslayer 02:04, 2005 Apr 23 (UTC)

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. -- Coneslayer 21:42, 2005 Apr 25 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Serapis. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Serapis~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:38, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 18:41, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Serapis~enwiki


text:
Podocarpus lawrencei

Podocarpus lawrencei is a species of podocarp native throughout the Australian high country, from southern Tasmania through to the New South Wales highlands. Common names are Errinundra plum-pine and mountain plum-pine (though it is neither a pine nor a plum). It grows on exposed sites to 1,800 m, often forming living carpets over rocks through wind pruning.

Mountain plum-pine can live up to 600 years, and the growth rings vary with the temperature of the growing season, with narrower rings indicating unusually snowy years. These factors make it useful for determining past climate conditions in the Australian Alps.

Description
The leaves are 1 cm long and 2–3 mm broad, green, often reddish-tinted, particularly so in cold winter weather. It has small bright red berry-like cones, with a 5–10 mm long red aril and one (rarely two) apical seeds 6–8 mm long; they are eaten by birds and marsupials, but are toxic to most other mammals (including humans).

Whilst it is normally low growing, rarely reaching more than 1 m in the Australian Alps, on the Errinundra Plateau in eastern Victoria it reaches 15 m in height. The timber is too rare to be used for woodcrafts.

Cultivation
Mountain plum-pine is tolerant of quite dry conditions and can resprout after losing all its leaves from drought. It survives −16 °C to 45 °C and grows well in full sun or fairly heavy shade. It is slow growing, putting on about 3–5 cm of length each year. It can be grown from cuttings or seed. New foliage is usually a lime green, darkening to olive green as it hardens.

Ideally the mountain plum-pine should be grown in full sunlight with plenty of water. It makes a good indoor plant in a bright window. It is an excellent bonsai or hedging plant, although it does require patience.

title: Podocarpus lawrencei


text:
Al-Nayrizi

Abū’l-‘Abbās al-Faḍl ibn Ḥātim al-Nairīzī (أبو العباس الفضل بن حاتم النيريزي; ; Anaritius, Nazirius, c. 865 – c. 922) was a Persian mathematician and astronomer from Nayriz, now in Fars Province, Iran.

Life
Little is known of al-Nairīzī, though his nisba refers to the town of Neyriz. He mentioned al-Mu'tadid, the Abbasid caliph, in his works, and so scholars have assumed that al-Nairīzī flourished in Baghdad during this period. Al-Nairīzī wrote a book for al-Mu'tadid on atmospheric phenomena. He died in c. 922.

Mathematics
Al-Nayrizi wrote a commentary to the translation in Arabic by Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Maṭar of Euclid's Elements. Both the translation and the commentary have survived, as well as a 12th-century Latin translation by Gerard of Cremona. Al-Nayrizi's commentary contains unique extracts of two other commentaries on the Elements, produced by Hero of Alexandria and Simplicius of Cilicia.

Al-Nairīzī used the umbra (versa), the equivalent to the tangent, as a genuine trigonometric line, as did the Persian astronomer al-Marwazi before him. He gave a proof of the Pythagorean theorem using the Pythagorean tiling.

Al-Nayrizi gave a mathematical proof of the parallel postulate based on the assumption that parallel lines are equidistant. He wrote a treatise on an exact method for the numerical determination of the kibla and a text about a device for measuring the heights, widths, and depths.

Astronomy
Al-Nairīzī wrote a treatise on the spherical astrolabe, an elaborate work that seems to be the best Persian work on the subject. It is divided into four books:

 * 1) An historical and critical introduction of the astrolabe;
 * 2) A description of the instrument; and a comparison with other astronomical instruments;
 * 3) Applications of the instrument;
 * 4) Applications of the instrument.

Ibn al-Nadim mentions Nayrizi as a distinguished astronomer with eight works by him listed in his book al-Fihrist.

Al-Nayrizi's most important astronomical works, his commentary on Ptolemy's Almagest and both his zijes, are lost. He produced treatises on the spherical astrolabe and astrological conjunctions, both of which are extant.

title: Al-Nayrizi


text:
Mexico City Metrobús

The Mexico City Metrobús (former official name Sistema de Corredores de Transporte Público de Pasajeros del Distrito Federal), simply known as Metrobús, is a bus rapid transit (BRT) system that has served Mexico City since line 1 opened on 19 June 2005. As of February 2018, it consists of seven lines that cross the city and connects with other forms of transit, such as the Mexico City Metro. The most recent line to open was line 7, running for the first time double-decker buses along the city's iconic boulevard, Paseo de la Reforma.

In 2016, Metrobús carried on average 1,152,603 passengers on weekdays.

Impact
Line 1 replaced 372 standard buses and microbuses that served Avenida de los Insurgentes with 212 articulated buses that run at an average speed of 20 km/h, doing 60 km/h as maximum. Doing so, travel times along the corridor were reduced up to 50%.

Besides addressing the bus service problem, the Metrobús project emerged in the context of the city's efforts to reduce air pollution with a program called Proaire 2002–2010. According to Metrobús, annual environmental benefits include a reduction of 35400 long ton of carbon dioxide, 9700 long ton of carbon monoxide, 206 long ton of NOx, and 1.27 long ton of PM10 particulates.

The BRT-corridor Line 3 is going to become fully electric in the course of 2023. This will reduce air pollution and enhance climate protection

Passenger access and payment
Ticketing is by pre-paid proximity smartcard, which travellers have to pass through turnstiles at the entry to the separated bus platforms. During the early months of the system's operations, limited availability of the cards required a temporary method for access to the system involving purchasing a normal single-trip paper ticket at a cost of MXN$4.50. Starting in October 2005, and with smartcard supply able to cover the demand, access is done exclusively by using the card.

As of 2022, the single-trip cost is MXN$6.00 (USD$). A new MB smartcard, preloaded with one voyage, can be purchased for MXN$15.00 and "recharged" for MXN$6.00 per trip. There is a supplemental fee of MXN$30.00 for trips to or from the airport.

The smartcard system has generated controversy, especially from occasional and one-time users who complain about the MXN$15.00 fee for a single-voyage card, for this is common that sometimes people ask others who have the smartcard to charge for them a trip.

Service is free for those over 70 years old, or disabled, as well as for children under 5 accompanied by an adult.

Line 1
The line starts at Metro Indios Verdes, a large multimodal transport node in the Gustavo A. Madero borough. From there it runs south, through Cuauhtémoc and Benito Juárez, before terminating in the La Joya district of Tlalpan borough, providing a total of 45 stations. It was built in two sections, with a split at Metro Insurgentes, the notional dividing point between the avenue's northern and southern stretches, just south of where Avenida Insurgentes intersects with Paseo de la Reforma.

The first line covers a distance of up to 30 km, running in a dedicated bus lane built within the central reservation (median) of Avenida de los Insurgentes. Avenida Insurgentes is one of the city's main north–south arterial routes, constitutes a section of the Pan-American Highway, and is reputed to be the longest urban avenue in the world.

On its route south from Indios Verdes, the Metrobús also connects with Metro stations at Deportivo 18 de Marzo, Potrero, La Raza, Buenavista, Revolución, Insurgentes, and Chilpancingo, providing connections with Metro Lines 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 9. The proposed southward extension of Mexico City Metro Line 7 will also enable that line to connect at the Metrobús' original southernmost station, Doctor Gálvez.

The first metrobus service began along the northernmost portion of Line 1 on 19 June 2005. Initial service was from Metro Indios Verdes south to Metro Insurgentes. This was quickly followed by a southward expansion from Metro Insurgentes to MB station Doctor Gálvez, bringing the line length up to 20 km. Many of the stations along Line 1 feature cantilevered glass canopies designed by architect Carlos Monge.

The original Line 1 was expanded with the inclusion of nine new stations in order to achieve full coverage of Avenida Insurgentes. The southward expansion of service along Line 1 started service on 13 March 2008 and brought the line's length up to 30 km.

Line 2
Line 2 runs 20 km along Eje 4 Sur from Tacubaya in the west, where there is a connection to the Metro Tacubaya station; via Etiopía, Patriotismo and crossing Line 1 (Insurgentes) at Nuevo León, to Tepalcates in the east, where there is a connection to the Metro Tepalcates station. The line opened on 16 December 2008.

Line 3
Line 3 runs 20 km from Tenayuca northwest of the city southward to Pueblo Santa Cruz Atoyac, where there is connection to Metro Zapata station.

According to the Mexican newspaper, El Universal, construction of the first 16 km of Línea 3 (line 3) began on 5 March 2010 and was scheduled to end in April 2011. However, service along Line 3 started on 8 February 2011. During construction, for every tree taken down three were planted, for a total of 1,546 trees planted. In addition, it was estimated that Line 3 will carry 100,000 passengers per day. Travel time will be reduced by up to 40%.

Line 3 opened on 8 February 2011.

Line 4
Line 4 runs from Buenavista railway station in the west of the city eastward towards Mexico City International Airport. In late 2010 the Head of Government of the Federal District Marcelo Ebrard announced a plan to build the new line. Construction on Line 4 started on 4 July 2011, although the start of construction was met with some protest from residents and business owners along the proposed route.

Line 4 included a two-step construction process with the first 28 km operational segment built between Buenavista and Metro San Lázaro. An extension provides travel between San Lázaro and the airport. Instead of travelling along a single avenue or axis road, Line 4 traffic circulates around the Centro Histórico. To navigate the turns and narrow streets in and near the Centro Histórico, Line 4 uses 12 m light buses instead of the 18 m articulated buses used on the other lines in the system. The stations for Line 4 look more like conventional bus stops and are built at curbside instead of within a dedicated portion of a central reservation as used on the other lines.

Line 4 opened on 1 April 2012.

Line 5
On 5 November 2013, Line 5 opened, running along Eje 3 Oriente connecting San Lázaro east of downtown with Río de los Remedios avenue to the northeast. Since 7 September 2020, Line 5 was expanded to southeastern Mexico City, to Las Bombas avenue.

Line 6
Line 6 is an east–west line connecting the northwest and northeast of the city, running along Eje 5 Norte from El Rosario to Villa de Aragón Line 6 opened on 21 January 2016.

Line 7
Line 7 opened on 28 February 2018, with service along the city's iconic boulevard, Paseo de la Reforma, on part of the line from Monumento Cuitláhuac to La Diana. The complete line will run from Indios Verdes to Campo Marte (one station west of Auditorio), using a fleet of 90 Alexander Dennis Enviro500 double-decker buses with a capacity of 130 passengers each.

Hours
The MB operates from 04:30 to 24:00 (midnight) Monday through Friday, and from 05:00 to 24:00 on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays. Hours for individual stations may vary in the mornings. A flash-based map of the system is available at the Metrobús website.

title: Mexico City Metrobús


text:
Talk:Metropolitan Ring Road

Strictly this page is incorrect as the ring road was a politically charged idea dating back to the 70's and 80's which was only partially completed (Greensborough to West Gate) and has now been abandoned. The other projects are quite distinct and shouldn't be under the ring road banner - I will rewrite this after some research. Andypasto 02:06, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

planned connection between Eastern Freeway and the current Metropolitan Ring Road This particular road is a political hot potato - this would would run through some sensitive places, such as Eltham. As such any plans are hard to come by - nobody wants to put their head on the chopping block. This article claims that the road is in fact planned - is there anything we can see or point to? --Commking 00:01, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

 * The Melways is the best source of information I have come across, but I am 100% positive that Vic Roads will have information of all of the plans over the years, of course they wouldnt promote that.

 *  Melbourne is located on the northern shores of Port Phillip Bay, no freeway to the south would be required. Rubbish! Just because there is water there, doesn't mean we will never need a southern link. In Dublin for example, they are building a tunnel to complete their ring road. --Commking 11:05, 22 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree. In fact, the heads aren't even a huge distance apart. A bridge or tunnel would quite easily be possible (though at the moment completely unnecessary). --Evan C (Talk) 11:46, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Under the heads? I think the water depth there is about 90m - the ancient Yarra bed being there. It would have to be a very deep tunnel. Maybe Altona to St. Kilda, or even Moorabbin would be nice.. but not cheap! --Commking 05:54, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

This could use a map! 210.49.121.229 07:28, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Metropolitan Ring Road


text: User talk:69.140.206.114

title: User talk:69.140.206.114