text:
Vince Welnick

Vincent Leo Welnick (February 21, 1951 – June 2, 2006) was an American keyboardist and singer-songwriter, best known for playing with the band The Tubes during the 1970s and 1980s and with the Grateful Dead in the 1990s. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 as a member of the Grateful Dead.

Music career
Welnick was born in Phoenix, Arizona, the great-grandson of Prussian immigrants. He started playing keyboards as a teenager. He joined a band, the Beans, which eventually morphed into the Tubes, a San Francisco-based theater rock band popular in the late 1970s and early 1980s and noted for early live performances that combined lewd quasi-pornography with wild satires of media, consumerism and politics.

The Tubes in the 1980s were a major commercial rock act with substantial MTV success. Videos for "Talk to Ya Later" and "She's a Beauty" played in heavy rotation on  MTV in the mid-1980s. While playing in the Tubes, Welnick also played and recorded with Todd Rundgren.

When Grateful Dead keyboardist Brent Mydland died of a drug overdose on July 26, 1990, the band began auditioning players to replace him, including Ian McLagan, Pete Sears and T Lavitz. Welnick was selected, not least for his high vocal range for backup harmonies. Welnick's first show with the Grateful Dead was on September 7, 1990, at the Richfield Coliseum in Richfield, Ohio. His Associated Press obituary mentioned he was so nervous at his first gig with the band that he could barely play, until the fans put him at ease. They held up banners reading, "Yo Vinnie," which Welnick later decided to use as the name of his BMI-affiliated publishing company, Yo Vinnie Music, once obtaining his writer and publisher rights back from Ice Nine Publishing, which had copyrighted his works without an agreement in place to do so shortly after Welnick joined the Grateful Dead. Bruce Hornsby also supplemented Welnick on grand piano for over 100 shows in Welnick's first years in the Dead. Welnick remained as a member of the Grateful Dead and the band's keyboard player until Jerry Garcia's death in August 1995, when the group disbanded.

In 1994, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Grateful Dead.

Welnick became depressed following a diagnosis of cancer and emphysema shortly before the final Grateful Dead tour. He decided to do the summer 1995 Grateful Dead tour and wait to have surgery after it ended. Shortly after the tour was over, Jerry Garcia died. Welnick joined Bob Weir's new group, Ratdog, as the keyboard player, touring with them around the U.S. About six months after Garcia's death, Welnick attempted suicide on the tour bus to Monterey, California. He received therapy, successful cancer treatment, and management of the early stages of lung disease. He worked with the band Second Sight, with Bob Bralove, and with Missing Man Formation, which released an album that included the song "Golden Days", a tribute to Garcia. He participated in the second Phil Lesh and Friends show in March 1998, and he toured the U.S. with the Mickey Hart Band later that year.

In 1998, Bob Weir, Phil Lesh, and Mickey Hart regrouped under the name the Other Ones. According to musician and publisher Mike Lawson, Welnick was troubled when they reunited without him under the term the "surviving members of Grateful Dead". He voiced frustration to Rolling Stone, saying, "I am and always will be a member of the Grateful Dead. It's a lifetime thing that Jerry bestows upon a person." Welnick toured with jam bands, recorded music in his home studio, and worked with friends on their albums. With the band Mood Food he finished a reggae version of "To Love Somebody" by the Bee Gees. He left behind hundreds of hours of unreleased materials, both personal and professional recordings. During his final years, he worked closely with Gent Treadly.

Film
Welnick played a small part in the 1981 film Ladies and Gentlemen, The Fabulous Stains. Fee Waybill of the Tubes played Lou Corpse, the washed-up front man of a band called The Metal Corpses. Welnick played Jerry Jervey, the guitar player (though the reporter calls him the bass player) with the Corpses, who dies of an overdose in a backstage bathroom.

Welnick also appeared in Xanadu, along with the rest of the Tubes.

Death
After struggling with depression for ten years, Welnick died by suicide by slit throat on June 2, 2006. He was 55 years old.

Discography
With The Tubes
 * The Tubes (1975)
 * Young and Rich (1976)
 * Now (1977)
 * What Do You Want from Live (1978)
 * Remote Control (1979)
 * The Completion Backward Principle (1981)
 * Outside Inside (1983)
 * Love Bomb (1985)
 * Infomercial: How to Become Tubular (2000)
 * Mondo Birthmark (2009)

With Todd Rundgren
 * Nearly Human (1989)
 * 2nd Wind (1991)

With Grateful Dead
 * Infrared Roses (1991)
 * Fallout from the Phil Zone (1997)
 * Dick's Picks Volume 9 (1997)
 * So Many Roads (1965-1995) (1999)
 * Dick's Picks Volume 17 (2000)
 * View from the Vault, Volume Two (2001)
 * Dick's Picks Volume 27 (2003)
 * Grateful Dead Download Series Volume 11 (2006)
 * Road Trips Volume 2 Number 1 (2008)
 * Road Trips Volume 2 Number 4 (2009)
 * 30 Trips Around the Sun (2015)
 * 30 Trips Around the Sun: The Definitive Live Story 1965–1995 (2015)
 * Giants Stadium 1987, 1989, 1991 (2019)
 * Saint of Circumstance (2019)
 * Ready or Not (2019)

With others
 * Chance in a Million (1994) – Zero
 * Calling Up Spirits (1996) – Dick Dale
 * Second Sight (1996) – Second Sight
 * Fiesta Amazonica (1998) – Merl Saunders
 * Missing Man Formation (1998) – Missing Man Formation
 * Might as Well... (2000) – The Persuasions
 * Smallstone (2000) – Smallstone
 * Uh-Oh! (2001) – Tipsy
 * Texistentialism (2007) – Jerry Lightfoot's Band of Wonder

title: Vince Welnick


text: Talk:Söngull

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Söngull


text:
Linlithgow (Scottish Parliament constituency)

Linlithgow is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament (Holyrood) covering part of the council area of West Lothian. It elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the plurality (first past the post) method of election. It is also one of nine constituencies in the Lothian electoral region, which elects seven additional members, in addition to the nine constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole.

The seat has been held by Fiona Hyslop of the Scottish National Party since the 2011 Scottish Parliament election.

Electoral region
The other eight constituencies of the Lothian region are: Almond Valley, Edinburgh Central, Edinburgh Eastern, Edinburgh Northern and Leith, Edinburgh Pentlands, Edinburgh Southern, Edinburgh Western and Midlothian North and Musselburgh

The region includes all of the City of Edinburgh council area, parts of the East Lothian council area, parts of the Midlothian council area and all of the West Lothian council area.

Constituency boundaries and council area
The West Lothian council area is represented by two constituencies in the Scottish Parliament, these are Almond Valley and Linlithgow.

The Linlithgow constituency was created at the same time as the Scottish Parliament, in 1999, with the name and boundaries of an existing Westminster constituency. In 2005, however, Scottish Westminster (House of Commons) constituencies were mostly replaced with new constituencies.

The electoral wards used in this seat are:

 * In full: Armadale and Blackridge, Bathgate, Broxburn, Uphall and Winchburgh and Linlithgow
 * In part: Whitburn and Blackburn (shared with Almond Valley)

As of 2019, Linlithgow's population (95,663) was the highest among the 70 Holyrood mainland constituencies, almost one-third greater than those at the bottom of the list, the lowest being Argyll and Bute which had barely 60,000 within its boundaries.


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Dick Trickle

Richard Leroy Trickle (October 27, 1941 – May 16, 2013) was an American race car driver. He raced for decades around the short tracks of Wisconsin, winning many championships along the way. Trickle competed in the ASA, ARTGO, ARCA, All Pro, IMCA, NASCAR, and USAC.

In more than an estimated 2,200 races, Trickle logged one million laps and is believed to have won over 1,200 feature races. He was billed as the winningest short track driver in history. Trickle's career highlights include racing to 67 wins in 1972, winning seven ARTGO Championships in nine years between 1979 and 1987, winning back to back ASA AC-Delco Challenge championships in 1984 and 1985, the 1968 USAC Stock Car rookie of the year, and winning the 1989 NASCAR Rookie of the Year award in the Winston Cup Series. Trickle was nicknamed the "White Knight" as referenced by his sponsored SuperAmerica paint scheme, when he raced in Wisconsin.

Early life
Eight-year-old Dick Trickle was playing tag with his cousin Verlon on the rafters in a house under construction when he fell two floors to the basement and broke his hip. He was transferred from a local hospital to the University of Wisconsin Hospital and continued his slow recovery. His recovery was so slow that the doctors gave up and sent him home, presuming that he would be an invalid for the rest of his life. Trickle later began to walk, although he walked with a slight limp for the rest of his life. He spent three years in a cast from his waist to his foot. While he was recovering as a nine-year-old, a friend took him to his first races at Crown Speedway in his hometown of Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin. "When I got there I was flabbergasted," Trickle said. "I thought it was the neatest thing. Free shows were nothing compared to it. That race never left my mind until I was 16. I knew I was going to drive a race car when I was 16."

Trickle married Darlene in 1961. They originally lived at his grandmother's house for a while before they bought a trailer on someone else's property. His nephew, Chris Trickle, was a race car driver before dying in a drive-by shooting.

Wisconsin short track career
Trickle's family lived on welfare, so there was no money available for racing. Trickle spent his summers working for area farmers, starting as a 13-year-old. He also spent a lot of time at the Rudolph Blacksmith shop that his father was a partner in. While his father was ill, his uncle Leonard ran the shop.

"'I worked part time at the shop to earn a nickel or dime,' Trickle said. 'At that age, it was mostly sweeping the shop, but I started to play with the welder and soon I could make an arc and then weld. I started junking machinery. I save some things getting a head start for when I would go racing at 16. I didn't have any money, but I had this pile of stuff to build a race car with. It was a hope chest.'"

"'When I turned 16, I let the farmer I was working for keep most the money I earned until fall. That fall I collected my money and went down Main Street wheeling and dealing. I finally bought a 1950 Ford in good condition for $100. It was going to be my street car, but the urge to race got too strong and I cut up and made a stock car out of it.'"

"'I did run the car a little bit before I cut it up and I ended up drag racing a classmate, Melvin Hunsinger, who had a 1949 Ford. He beat me. It seems kind of dumb when I already knew there was a car that could beat me. Eventually, I bought Hunsinger's 1949 Ford for $32.50 and put the motor in my car'."

Trickle started out as the slowest car in a 100-car field at a Stratford, Wisconsin short track race. He raced that car at the end of the 1958 season and throughout the 1959 season, after which time he built a 1956 Ford into a race car using all of the knowledge that he had acquired. In his first time out with the new car, he finished second in the feature event at Griffith Park at Wisconsin Rapids. His competitors checked the rules and found out that Trickle was too young to race, even though he had already raced there for two years. He had to race at other tracks for a year until he was old enough to race at his hometown track. He raced for several years before deciding to race full-time. After working at several jobs after high school, he had worked for two years for a local telephone company. He had been uncomfortable climbing telephone poles as he was afraid of heights. He transferred to a different part of the company. Two or three years later he discussed racing full-time with his wife for he felt that he could be profitable, and they decided to make the change.

Trickle raced at over 100 events each year for over 15 years. He was racing at the Tomah-Sparta Speedway when Francis Kelly noticed that Trickle was always in contention for winning the races, but he lost a lot of them because he had an inferior motor. One day Kelly approached Trickle and asked him what it would cost for Trickle to win. Trickle told him a new motor; Kelly asked Trickle to compile a list of parts that he needed. When Kelly asked who would assemble the motor, Trickle responded that he could but he was a junkyard mechanic. Trickle suggested that Alan Kulwicki's father Jerry Kulwicki, who was building motors for Norm Nelson's USAC stock cars, should build the engine.

A turning point in Trickle's career happened at the National Short Track Championship race at Rockford Speedway in 1966. Trickle said, "The cars in that area were fancier and looked like they were ahead of us. They didn't treat us bad, but they sort of giggled at us kids with the rat cars. After two days, they look differently at those rat cars. I won and pocketed $1,645. Before, I questioned spending the money to travel that far. But if you could win, that was a different story." Trickle started the 1967 season by winning at State Park Speedway and ended the season with 25 feature victories including wins at Wisconsin Dells Speedway (now Dells Raceway Park) and Golden Sands Speedway (near Wisconsin Rapids).

He toured on the Central Wisconsin Racing Association (CWRA) tracks in 1971. The circuit consisted of larger asphalt track racing on most nights of the week. The CWRA regular drivers were able to run over 100 events in a year, and most did the tour with one car and one engine. Drivers would drive on Wednesday nights at La Crosse Fairgrounds Speedway, Thursday nights at State Park Speedway near Wausau, Friday nights at Capitol Speedway (now Madison International Speedway) near Madison, La Crosse, or Adams-Friendship, Saturday nights at Wisconsin Dells Speedway, and Sunday nights at Griffith Park. Tuesday nights were available for special events.

On Thursday nights at the quarter mile State Park Speedway, he won seven features and lowered his July 1 14.27 second track record to 14.09 seconds on the following week. On Friday nights he raced primarily at Capitol Speedway, winning most nights that it did not rain and his car did not break. Trickle went to Adams-Friendship on July 23 and won the feature after setting the track record. He held the track record at six tracks: Adams-Friendship, Capitol, Wausau, Wisconsin Dells, and La Crosse. He raced at the newly opened third mile Wisconsin Dells Speedway on Saturday nights. By the end of the year, Trickle had won 58 feature events.

Trickle started his 1972 season by winning at Golden Sands Speedway near Wisconsin Rapids. Wisconsin's short track racing season starts in April. By May 13, he had twelve wins in thirteen events. He got this fifteenth win in twenty starts on May 27. Trickle became the winningest short track driver that year when he won his 67th race.

Trickle won numerous special events outside of Wisconsin in 1973, including a 200-lap feature at Rolla, Missouri in April, followed by winning a 50-lap feature the following day at I-70 Speedway near Odessa, Missouri. In May he won a 50-lapper at Springfield, Missouri and two more features at I-70 Speedway. Trickle used his purple 1970 Ford Mustang to win at the Minnesota Fair and at Rockford Speedway in September. He had a total of 57 wins in 1973.

Sanctioning bodies put in a weight-per-cubic-inch rule, and Trickle's career had problems in 1974 and 1975. "Fords almost broke me. I couldn't get any pieces for racing at my level. It took two years of hard labor and depleting my funds to realize I couldn't do this anymore. I told myself either I had to change my program or get out of racing." Therefore, Trickle decided to use a General Motors car and engine. He bought a car for $13,000 on his word that he would pay for it by September. He won 35 or 40 races that year and paid for the car by July.

In 1982, Trickle won track championship at State Park Speedway in Wausau where he started out the season by winning the first two features and seven total. He also won the track championship at La Crosse Fairgrounds Speedway after winning three events in August. That season he won his first Miller 200 special event at the Milwaukee Mile. Trickle started racing out of state a lot more in 1983. Of all of Trickle's victories, his best memory was winning the 1983 World Crown 300 in Georgia. "It took three weeks of preparation and a lot of determination," he said. "It was the biggest payday of my career up to that point ($50,000)." He beat Jim Sauter by two car-lengths at the season opener, and won three straight races in May. After winning on June 1, LaCrosse business raised a $700 bounty for anyone who could beat him. Trickle skipped the following week, and returned the week after to lose to Steve Burgess. For the 1983 ARTGO Dixieland Challenge at Kaukauna, he was required to start last in the feature, but still won handily. He did not win as much at State Park, but he did win the track championship. Trickle won ASA races at Coeburn, Virginia and Cayuga, Ontario in 1984, as well as the Red, White, and Blue state championship series at WIR and the Slinger Nationals at Slinger.

Regional and national touring career
Trickle raced in United States Automobile Club (USAC) stock cars in 1968, and he won the series' rookie of the year award.

NASCAR career
Through the 1970s and 1980s, Trickle made sporadic appearances in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series, including three Daytona 500 starts. Invited by Bill France Sr. himself to join the series in the middle of his prospering short-track career, he quipped that he "didn't want to take the pay cut."

In 1989, Trickle made his full schedule debut driving the No. 84 Miller High Life Buick for Stavola Brothers Racing replacing the injured Mike Alexander. He was rookie of the year in NASCAR's Winston Cup Series at age 48 (and a grandfather), becoming the oldest driver in Winston Cup history to do so. After being given the rookie of the year trophy at the NASCAR awards banquet, he quipped "I guess I'd just like to thank everyone who gave a young guy like me a chance". His best career Winston Cup finish was third (five times). He started 303 races, with 15 top five and 36 top ten finishes.

In 1990, he won the Winston Open (the qualifying race to fill out the field of The Winston, which is now the Monster Energy NASCAR All-Star Race) in the No. 66 TropArtic Pontiac. The Open was a non-points event for drivers who did not win in the previous year. He beat Rob Moroso by 8 inches, the smallest margin of victory at the event. He also won his only career Cup pole, at Dover Downs International Speedway. In the middle of the 1991 season, he went to drive the No. 24 Team III Racing Pontiac. His best finish was sixth at Dover International Speedway. In 1992, he teamed up once again with the Stavola Brothers, driving the No. 8 Snickers Ford. In 1993, he drove the No. 75 Carolina Pottery Ford for Butch Mock Motorsports and then the No. 41 Manheim Auctions Chevy for Larry Hedrick Motorsports.

Part of his popularity stemmed from his unusual, double-entendre name. ESPN's Dan Patrick and Keith Olbermann often made it a point to mention where he finished whenever NASCAR highlights were featured on SportsCenter. He was also widely noted for having drilled a hole in his safety helmet so that he could smoke while racing, and for installing cigarette lighters in his race cars. Trickle was allowed by NASCAR to smoke in the race car during yellow flag periods, and in the 1990 Winston 500 (now the Aaron's 499), Trickle was seen on live television by the in-car camera lighting up and smoking a cigarette.

Trickle even made fun of his lack of success in NASCAR's top-level series in a 1997 TV commercial for NAPA Auto Parts. In it, Trickle announces a contest where fans can win $100,000 if they pick the winner of that year's NAPA 500 race. "A little tip...it's gonna be me," he says, as an on-screen graphic points out "Dick is 0 for 243 in Cup races". "I think we get champagne (after winning)," says Trickle.

Dick also raced in the Busch Series, where he won two races. He had 158 career starts, with 24 top five and 42 top ten finishes. He made his Busch Series debut in 1984.

Through the 2000s, Trickle continued to race in occasional events in Wisconsin, including the 2001 and 2007, Slinger Nationals at Slinger Super Speedway and in the ASA Midwest Tour.

Legacy
The La Crosse Fairgrounds Speedway created the Dick Trickle 99 race, a 99 lap super late model event held during its annual Oktoberfest race weekend. Wisconsin International Raceway has named a building in turn two the "Dick Trickle Pavilion". Trickle served as the de facto grand marshal of the Slinger Nationals after he retired until his death.

His crashes at the Lake Placid bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track at the Geoff Bodine Bobsled Challenge (in which NASCAR and NHRA drivers raised funds for the Bo-Dyn Bobsled Project, owned by Bodine, to build sleds for the United States Olympic bobsled team) resulted in that turn (17, 18, 19, the "heart curve") being named the "Trickle Turn."

The main character of the 1990 NASCAR feature film Days of Thunder played by Tom Cruise is named Cole Trickle as a homage to Dick.

Death
Trickle died May 16, 2013, from an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound. The incident occurred at 12:02 pm at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Boger City, North Carolina. The Lincoln County Communications Center received a call, apparently from Trickle, saying that "there's going to be a dead body. Suicide." When the 911 operator asked who was about to commit suicide, Trickle responded: "I'm the one." Police attempted to call his phone back, but there was no response. Trickle was found dead beside his pickup truck. His granddaughter, who died in a 2001 car accident, is buried in the same cemetery.

Trickle's family later released a statement which in part said: "He had been suffering for some time with severe chronic pain, had seen many doctors, none of which could find the source of his pain. His family as well as all those who knew him find his death very hard to accept, and though we will hurt from losing him for some time, he's no longer suffering and we take comfort knowing he's with his very special angel."

NASCAR chairman Brian France released a statement saying "Dick was a legend in the short track racing community, particularly in his home state of Wisconsin, and he was a true fan favorite. Personalities like Dick Trickle helped shape our sport. He will be missed." Former competitor Rusty Wallace battled Trickle for championships at several levels. "I'm in 100 percent shock. Dick Trickle was my mentor," Wallace said. "When I was short track racing, I would call him every Monday morning and he would always help me with race setups and stuff. He and I had such a good time telling little stories, but he was the guy that taught me almost everything in the American Speed Association. And he was the guy that I battled right to the end for my 1983 ASA championship. I barely beat the guy that taught me everything. I'd not seen Dick as much as I'd like to of late. He was a legend. A man that'd won over a thousand short track races, was one of the most winning short trackers in America, was a role model to many short track racers coming up. Could just do magic with the race car and he taught me so much about racing. My success in the ASA and what Trickle taught me is what got me into NASCAR. That's what got me hired by Cliff Stewart back in '84. Between Larry Phillips and Dick Trickle, they taught me everything."

A moment of silence was observed for Trickle during the start of the North Carolina Education Lottery 200 at Charlotte Motor Speedway on May 17. A tribute was held for Trickle at the July 2013 Slinger Nationals race with his family telling stories about his career.

Legacy and memorial
Trickle's Wisconsin friends and competitors, including Tom Reffner and Marv Marzofka, began organizing a Dick Trickle memorial fund to build a memorial statue at Rudolph Community Park. The group is collecting money including securing the title sponsorship of a super late model race at Golden Sands Speedway.

Various Midwestern short tracks have Trickle Memorial races, with most being 99 laps for his car number. The most famous of the Dick Trickle Classic races is at LaCrosse Fairgrounds Speedway in Wisconsin, which was started in 2007. The Trickle Classic there consists of three 33-lap races, with scoring similar to Vermont's Milk Bowl. Winners have included Skyler Holzhausen and Johnny Sauter, both of whose fathers raced against Trickle in his career.

Wins in major series
Although he won no premiership championship races, he was very successful elsewhere:
 * 1 Non-championship qualifying race (All-Star Showdown, 1990)
 * 2 NASCAR Second-tier championship series race wins
 * 32 American Speed Association wins
 * 70 wins in NASCAR's now-defunct "Elite" Division (68 Midwest, when known as ARTGO and 2 Southwest)
 * 2 USAC wins

NASCAR
(key) ( Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led. )

title: Dick Trickle


text:
Life Transmission

Life Transmission, also known in Icelandic as Útfrymi (Ectoplasm) was a single released by Icelandic band Þeyr in 1981 through label Eskvímó.

It was formed by two songs: "Life Transmission", which was originally conceived as a "word sculpture" around the phrase "Life Transmission", although it is the final result of automatic writing and it was also the first song in English by the band. "Heima er Bezt", which means "Home is Best", was sung in Icelandic and is loaded with the reichian ravings of a young man trying to have sex with his female partner.

The tracks of this single were featured on Northern Lights Playhouse, a compilation released by label Fálkinn. The record was dedicated to Ian Curtis of Joy Division (the title itself can be referred back to the Joy Division lyric "Radio...live transmission" from their own debut single).

Manifesto and the Scriabin
On 23 April 1981 Þeyr had a promotional concert at Hótel Borg. The gig included the use of a device called Scriabin which was designed by guitarist Guðlaugur Óttarsson. Therefore, the single came along with a plastic bag and information sheets explaining Þeyr purposes and the work of this device. Here is a translation from Icelandic:

Translation to page one:
 * Today, 23 April, is the official publishing day for a little vinyl record of the band Þeyr.

 * The publishing day, which is also the 1st day of summer, has a deeper meaning, as we have contemplated to introduce summer into the Icelandic music scene, through the chords and rhythms of this record: It is a document of the band’s efforts and subjects during the last four months, as well as an indication to the direction the band is aiming at.

 * However, in all modesty, we want to point out the fact, that all categorization or classification of Þeyr and their subjects, is not encouraged, and indeed very doubtful, as Þeyr have emphasized to see themselves in the broadest spectrum possible, and in the widest context possible; as we trace our roots into the Rada-music of Africa - through the Russian composers of the early 19th century - up to the four guys from Liverpool.

 * As we develop these primal elements at different speeds, one newer knows what will surface in the band’s next projects.

 * This little record is the result of four months of Þeyr’s work: ahead are still more months and still more plans.

 * With friendly regards and respect,
 * Þeyr.

Translation to page two: Útfrymispoki Ectoplasmic bag Here tonight, there will be conducted an extraordinary experiment in both musical and mental innovation. ''A specially designed machine will constantly broadcast a 13 note chord (F, D, F#, A, C#, F, A, C, E, Ab, C, Eb, G) one octave above the hearing range of the average human. Persons with extraordinary sensitive hearing do not have to worry, as the chord is very beautiful to listen to, - although dogs get tired after an hour or so. This chord is to be the background for the concert, and thus meant to create a unified mode among the guests - and to form an "invisible" connection among listeners. Because this chord and the mode of the concert as a whole can ignite a latent medium capacity in some people, we feel right to include a bag for ectoplasm with the tickets.''

WARNING: DO NOT EXPOSE THE ECTOPLASM TO BRIGHT LIGHT

Credits
 Performers:  Vocalist: Magnús Guðmundsson. Guitars: Guðlaugur Kristinn Óttarsson and Þorsteinn Magnússon. Bass: Hilmar Örn Agnarsson. Drums: Sigtryggur Baldursson.

 Tracks:  1: Music: Hilmar Örn Agnarsson. Lyrics: Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson. 2: by Magnús Guðmundsson.

title: Life Transmission


text:
Talk:Life Transmission

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title: Talk:Life Transmission


text: User talk:69.175.234.143

title: User talk:69.175.234.143


text:
Eaton Hall

Eaton Hall may refer to:

 * Eaton Hall, Cheshire, England, a private country house owned by the Duke of Westminster
 * Eaton Hall, Herefordshire, England, a building in Herefordshire
 * Eaton Hall (King City) in King City, Ontario, Canada, a Norman-style chateau converted to a public hotel
 * Eaton Hall (Tufts University) on the Tufts University Medford/Somerville campus in Boston, Massachusetts, USA
 * Eaton Hall (Oregon) at Willamette University in Salem, Oregon, USA

title: Eaton Hall


text:
Talk:Solid-propellant rocket

Isp
I changed the performance numbers listed for solid / Lox-RP1 / Lox-LH2 engines. The new data reflect theoretical performance numbers, in s, for standard operating conditions (1000 psi chamber, 14.7 psi exit). These are the numbers given by Sutton in Rocket Propulsion Elements, 7th ed, pp. 188-189. The old numbers reflected a mix of sea level / vacuum Isp, which is misleading at the least. Evand 22:43, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Rocket fuel
Is there any solid rocket fuels handy at home. How to determine a fuel for a rocket.

 * There are a number of rocket propellants accessible to the amateur rocketeer. However, it should be remembered that engaging in rocketry safely requires care, knowledge, and a respect for the energies involved at all steps.  Probably the most accessible propellant is one based on sorbitol and potassium nitrate, often referred to as rocket candy.  It is related to the original candy propellant, sucrose / potassium nitrate, but easier and safer to work with. Evand 20:49, 27 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Thermite, while not made from household materials, is made from VERY easily-obtained materials (aluminum powder and iron oxide powder). These two are actually two of the components of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster. 76.180.49.69 17:23, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
 * The oft-repeated assertion that there is thermite in the SSRBs is perhaps technically true, but misleading. Thermite is 25% Al, 75% Fe2O3; the SSRBs contain 16% aluminum and 0.4% iron oxide.  The aluminum is present to add energy by burning with the oxygen from the AP.  The iron oxide is present not as a source of oxygen (as it is in thermite) but as a catalyst to modify the burn rate.  While the iron does end up donating its oxygen, the fact that this is not the primary purpose should be obvious from the fact that AP has a higher oxygen content in a higher energy form.  Most solid propellants include some quantity of burn rate modifiers, which work together with grain geometry and casing dimensions to provide the thrust curve required by the mission in question. Evand (talk) 15:52, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

More accurate?
This article in the [http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/world/AP-Iran-Missile.html? NYTimes] suggests that the use of solid fuel rocket motors results in more accurate missles that when using liquid fuel motors. "Solid fuel dramatically increases the accuracy of a missile while a liquid fuel missile is not very accurate in hitting targets." How is this? --Hooperbloob 17:35, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

 * NYT has it wrong. In their defense, there are a number of reasons to prefer solid propellants for missiles.  The biggest is storage and operation -- solids can be stored ready to fire almost indefinitely.  Storable liquid propellants, as a rule, are toxic, corrosive, degrade over time (months or years), and are less dense than solid propellants.  The density means that for many military applications where volume is limited (eg space in a sub / truck / etc) the solids perform better, despite slightly lower Isp, due to the increased quantity of propellant in the same volume.  Also, solid motors are frequently simpler and therefore cheaper to build in quantity, though the higher propellant cost (mainly due to labor-intensive casting procedures) may offset or reverse this.  If anything, liquids would actually be more accurate, since solid propellant burn rates depend on things like storage temperature, which makes for a less precise thrust curve.  I'm guessing somehow the reporter translated "solid propellants make for better missiles" into "solid propellants make for more accurate missiles." Evand 20:33, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

 * OK, that tends to make more sense, thanks for the interpretation.--Hooperbloob 22:38, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

Steel casings
"In the USA, the use of a steel casing requires a federal permit when building models."

This was in the article. I believe it to be incorrect, so I marked it, and have now removed it. I know that steel casings are not permitted under NFPA-1127, Tripoli, or NAR rules, but I don't believe it is illegal in any way, or requiring of special permitting. If anyone has a reference, please feel free to put it back. Evand 20:14, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

Exhaust
Is the following really true? If so, it really needs to be cited, 'cause, well, I don't believe it:
 * "The exhaust from a solid rocket motor contains hydrochloric acid and aluminium oxide. These have a negative effect on the environment. Furthermore, for military use, the smoke trail and the infrared radiation from the hot particles make it possible to detect the launch from space. These problems led to the research in smokeless grain which contains nitrogen-containing organic molecules."

I'm sure the military stuff is true, but is the presence of "hydrochloric acid and aluminum oxide" really ubiquitous or does it depend on the type of propellant used? In the same vein, does the problem with detectable launches really hinge on the presence of those specific compounds in the exhaust, as this implies? jhf (talk) 19:39, 19 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Obviously the exhaust composition depends on the propellant. AP (or other chlorine-based oxidizers) will produce an exhaust containing HCl, which may leave a visible smoke trail (especially in high humidity).  Propellants containing metals also leave a smoke trail, because of the solids in the exhaust (which are much more visible in IR than gaseous exhausts).  Any rocket launch is possible to detect, but from a practical standpoint the chlorine and solids make it much easier, which is a big piece of why many military rockets avoid those. Evand (talk) 12:55, 16 March 2009 (UTC)

history
what arab army used rockets in 13th century? or was there any arab country to have a regular army? if this is an encyclopedia the information must be more accurate. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.103.220.159 (talk) 22:45, 27 November 2008 (UTC)

Hobbyist fuel
The article makes this claim: "The vast majority of amateur rocket motors utilize a composite propellant, most commonly APCP." That's news to me. I don't know what the G and larger motors use for fuel, but the smaller engines all use black powder. —MiguelMunoz (talk) 03:21, 16 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I think that section is talking about amateur motors, not commercial ones. Very few amateur motors use black powder.  Common propellants are APCP and KNO3/sugar.  I don't know which is more common, but I strongly suspect it's APCP.  There's also significant amateur work with nitrous hybrids.  Unfortunately, I don't have a handy citation for this. Evand (talk) 12:50, 16 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I don't believe that's right. I believe the smaller motors (which tend to be commercially produced) use black powder, and the larger motors, whether commercial or not, use APCP or other alternatives to black powder. Black powder is more dangerous for amateurs to handle. But even if you're correct, the article is wrong. —MiguelMunoz (talk) 09:24, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

 * In my experience in the hobby, you're absolutely correct. However, the term "amateur", in context, means made by an amateur, not used by an amateur.  In general, amateur rocketry refers to the practitioner producing their own motors, and terms such as hobby rocketry, model rocketry, and low-, mid-, or high-power rocketry refer to the use of commercially made motors in a commercial or home built airframe. Evand (talk) 15:39, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Okay, so this is turning into a question of semantics. I think the problem lies with ambiguity in the phrase "amateur rocket motors" in the sentence in question. It can be read as "amateur rocket-motors" or as "amateur-rocket motors." (Note the placement of the hyphen.) It seems you interpret this to mean amateur motors for rockets but I read it as motors for amateur-rockets. Maybe the sentence could be reworded as "The vast majority of rocket motors built by amateurs utilize..." I also question your claim that the term "amateur rocketry" refers to the practitioner producing their own motors." To the uninitiated reader, the term "amateur rocketry" sounds like it's about amateur rockets, not amateur motors, so that's probably how the term should be used. Having said that, I want to thank you for clarifying. I think this gets to the root of our disagreement. —MiguelMunoz (talk) 19:59, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I don't know what the normal WP policy is on jargon and technical terms. When used by people in the hobby, the phrase amateur rocketry (or amateur rocket motor) is unambiguous, at least in my experience.  To anyone else, it could easily mean either.  See for example amateur rocketry.  I think the article should use the term in a manner consistent with the contextual definition, but being clear to people who don't know much about the subject is the point of an encyclopedia.  Out of curiosity, do you fly rockets?  (I'm not trying to say you're not qualified, I'm just curious what your perspective on the article is; the perspective of insiders like myself can get myopic.) Evand (talk) 06:38, 27 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I haven't looked up that policy either, but I will when I get a bit more time. Sometimes technical terms are chosen carefully and work well, other times they can be very misleading to anyone outside the field. Whatever we do, I think clarity and accuracy should be our highest concerns. And I agree with you that, in context, it's pretty clear that they're talking about the motors, but I'd still like to see it reworded. I'm thinking of changing it to either "amateur motors" or "amateur-built rocket motors." I also noticed a problem with the first sentence, where it says "Solid fuel rockets can be bought for use in model rocketry; they are normally small cylinders of fuel..." So it's talking about the motor, not the rocket. I'd like to reword this, too. To satisfy your curiosity, I used to fly rockets as a kid, and again as an adult a few years ago, but I haven't done that in a while. I only launched smaller rockets. I rarely used D engines and never used anything bigger. What's your experience? —MiguelMunoz (talk) 01:43, 30 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Either of those changes sounds fine to me. I flew a variety of Estes rockets as a kid; more recently I've flown high power stuff, mostly I-J class.  I've done a little solid propellant amateur work (KN/Epoxy, mostly), and am currently working on a M-class nitrous hybrid that will hopefully fly later this year (underloaded as a K or L motor) before flying at full load some time after that.  Progress has been slow as we've taken a bit of a detour to improve test stand instrumentation, including designing a more appropriate data acquisition system from scratch (and of course real life has intervened).  I've also worked professionally with biprops.  Evand (talk) 02:55, 30 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Okay, I made the changes, but I would still like to see a reference for the section. It may be more accurate, but it's still unsourced. —MiguelMunoz (talk) 06:21, 31 March 2009 (UTC)

High explosives
just wondering - if you had a small rocket that used high explosives, i.e. pure RDX, would that get you more fuel efficiency, or just blow you into tiny pieces? RowanEvans (talk) 16:27, 18 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Energetic fuels like RDX and HMX see some use in military propellants. Performance is similar to APCP type propellants, but without the chlorine and solids that make a highly visible exhaust plume.  In rocket operation, they burn much like other fuels (ie without detonating).  However, between expense and safety concerns they don't see much use outside the military. Evand (talk) 01:53, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

 * From what I've read, fuels that burn too fast risk bursting the combustion chamber. In black-powder rockets, this can happen if cracks form in the compacted fuel. —MiguelMunoz (talk) 09:50, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I'd have to dig out my copy of Sutton to be certain, but my recollection is that nitramine fuels burn at similar rates as double base propellants or APCP. The precise burn rate and nozzle size are matched to each other, and burn rate catalysts / inhibitors can be used to tailor the burn rate to the mission requirements.  I don't know of any reason to believe that nitramine propellants are any more or less prone to cracking than APCP and such; I think that's mostly a property of the binder used. Evand (talk) 15:35, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I wasn't referring to cracking in nitramine or APCP. I was addressing the original question about burn rates, not your reply. Looking back at the article, I realize I was just making the same point as the 2nd to last paragraph in the "Design" section. —MiguelMunoz (talk) 20:13, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

Solid fuel engines vs Liquid Fuel
One thing I fail to understand is, bearing in mind the reliabilty of large solid fuel motors, their ability to be stored until needed and not least the relatively low cost, why would anyone want to build a big liquid fuel engine?

A solid fuel booster for the V2 would have enabled their deployment much earlier in the war and it is noticeable that the US dependence on large liquid fuel engines is declining for the launch phase.

Is this because of office politics within Germany as Werner von Braun rose to fame and the fact that everybody was mesmerised after the war by his achievements without considering their value?

Or are there other reasons? Or have I missed something?

Drg40 (talk) 11:06, 10 July 2010 (UTC)

The Germans did build a moderately large unguided solid propellant ballistic missile called Rheinbote during WWII. The 3782 lb four stage rocket was powered by 1290 lb of diethylene glycol dinitrate propellant and carried an 88 lb warhead 136 miles. Rheinbote's 3668 mph top speed was slightly greater than that of a V-2, but the 37' 5" Rheinbote was never deployed operationally. All four stages were fin stabilized and the rocket was launched from an inclined ramp.  Oberth actually spent WWII developing solid propellant rockets and created a design for a solid propellant satellite launch vehicle after the war. Solid propellant rocket propulsion lagged liquid propellant rocket engine technology until 1956 when Atlantic Research Corporation in the U.S. demonstrated an aluminized case-bonded solid propellant with an exhaust velocity of over 5000 mph. Within five years, the Polaris Fleet Ballistic Missile (FBM) had become operational, Minuteman had made a successful maiden flight to full range, and Scout had become the first all-solid-propellant launch vehicle to orbit a satellite.Magneticlifeform (talk) 17:02, 18 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Further to this. Documents declassified in the Ministry of Defence archives, London in May 2007 disclose the chemical composition of the first and second stages of the Polaris A3 FBM, common to both the US and British navies. Document is referenced as TNA DEFE 69/616 E5 p1. A verbatim transcription of the page follows below.
 * First Stage
 * Dimensions:  Cylindrical 15 ft long (4.57 m), 4½ ft diameter (1.37 m),
 * Weight: 	24,200 lbs (11,000 kg)
 * Casing:		Fibre Glass with alloy end rings
 * Propellant:	Single Base Grain Type (ANP 2969)
 * Fuel / Binder:	12.5% Polyurethane, 12.5% Nitro, Plasticizer
 * Oxidiser:       55% Ammonium Perchorate
 * Additive:		20% Aluminium
 * Retardent:	Traces of carbon black
 * Weight:		20,800 lbs (9,455 kg)
 * Explosive Category	1.3

 * Second Stage
 * Dimensions:  Cylindrical 7½ ft long (2.29 m), 4½ ft diameter (1.37 m),
 * Weight: 	10,300 lbs (4,682 kg)
 * Casing:		Fibre Glass with alloy end rings
 * Propellant:	Double Base Type
 * Fuel / Binder:	14.4% Nitrocellulose, 32.4% Nitroglycerine
 * Oxidiser:       5.1% Sodium Perchorate, 25.9% Cyclotetra-methylenete-tranittramine (HMX)
 * Additive:		18% Aluminium
 * Retardent:	2.5% Triacetin, 1.0% 2-Nitro-diphenylamine (2-NDPA), 0.7% Resorcinal
 * Weight:		8,800 lbs (4,000 kg)
 * Explosive Category	1.1

 * The British motors manufactured in the US c1966 were by 1981 suffering age-related defects. A study of 88 missiles showed 10% unservicible with no known remedy. All were replaced 1982-86 by new-build "replica" motors at a cost of £350 million. The old motors were destroyed in the open air at the US Army disposal facility at Hawthorne Ammunition Depot, NV., by first splitting the casings lengthwise and severing the ends with a HE shaped charge followed by burning of the solid fuel

 * George.Hutchinson (talk) 12:57, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

No "solid-fuel" rockets
The terms "solid-fuel rocket" and "liquid-fuel rocket" are misnomers of common usage. "Rocket fuel" is not equivalent to "rocket propellant". "Solid propellant rocket" and "liquid propellant rocket" are technically correct descriptions. All rockets use propellant, which is the mass reacted against to produce thrust. Rocket propellants may, or may not, consist of fuel and oxidizer which burn to produce hot gas which is ejected from a nozzle to generate the thrust. While "solid propellant rocket" is often shortened to just "solid rocket", the phrase "solid-fuel rocket" is imprecise and not generally used within the industry. Jets (air-breathing) may only require a supply of fuel, but no rocket runs on fuel alone. My point is that the title "Solid-fuel rocket" is itself a misnomer that would better read "Solid propellant rocket". The casual substitution of "solid fuel" for "solid propellant" in the text of the article is relatively harmless, but such technically inaccurate terminology does not seem as appropriate in the title. As a matter of interest, solid rocket manufacturers usually refer to their propulsive devices as motors, while liquid rocket manufacturers refer to theirs as engines. The difference is merely a reflection of historical origins. Magneticlifeform (talk) 04:18, 12 October 2010 (UTC)

Erroneous thrust curve
I am questioning the trust curves shown in the Solid-fuel rocket:grain geometry. My understanding is that, essentially, the thrust is a function of grain surface area. A simple circular bore would quickly reach 100% of thrust and may peak at 200-300% then drop down as the grain is fully consumed. The graph of a circular bore shows essentially a fixed thrust (excluding ignition and burnout). The My question: are the diagrams correct, or do they need correction? Jim1138 (talk) 07:03, 24 May 2011 (UTC) -Diagrams are correct to the point that they can be and still be acceptable by ITAR. The nature of each thrust curve is also dependent on the overall grain aspect ratio, which in each of these applications was balanced in order to bring through the character of the bore geometry. I am 100% an expert as a practicing propulsion engineer and researcher. Thank you for your concern.

Parson's propellant higher specific impulse than double base?
The "History" section states that John Parson's asphalt/potassium perchlorate composite propellant had significantly higher specific impulse than the double base propellants of that time. I have 2 books (Hunley and Warren) which report that the specific impulse of Parson's propellant was 186 seconds. At the same time I have Gruntman's book reporting that Goddard had tested double base propellants at Isp>230 seconds years earlier and rocket data on the HVAR WWII rocket which implies an Isp of 198 seconds, which is still greater than 186 seconds. The significant advantage of the Parsons propellant was that it had a slow burn-rate suitable for JATO applications without suffering from the short shelf-life of the dry, compressed powder propellants that Galcit had already tried. I do not trust a single data point (198 sec) as a basis for changing the statement in the History section, but if there is a WWII rocket buff out there with more WWII rocket Isp data, perhaps he (or she) could look into it. Magneticlifeform (talk) 05:23, 31 August 2011 (UTC)

how do they light one?
how do they light one? Pb8bije6a7b6a3w (talk) 21:12, 2 October 2016 (UTC)
 * The use an ignitor on the top segment. It is a small ordnance device that is (usually) electrically activated and provides the first combustion. Its also the last item to be installed, since after that the rocket is considered "armed". – Baldusi (talk) 13:32, 3 October 2016 (UTC)

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Merger proposal

 * The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

I propose merging the content of Solid rocket booster into Solid-propellant rocket. They are the same thing. I propose Solid rocket booster turn into a redirect to Solid-propellant rocket. The written content is similar; the biggest reason for merging over deleting is the copying of sources from the booster to the rocket article.  Kees08  (Talk)   18:59, 15 March 2020 (UTC)

 * Agreed. I merged everything but the lede to preserve sources and links. Since it's a Start class article, I'm not so worried about the pretty at this juncture. When someone adopts this article, they can clean it up. --Neopeius (talk) 14:54, 16 March 2020 (UTC)

 * Oppose There is plenty of scope for all three of these articles. Even if all SRBs are solid-propellent rockets, far from all solid rockets are boosters. Also the merge was carried out far too hastily to claim any sort of consensus. Andy Dingley (talk) 15:04, 16 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose——联合果君 (talk) 09:43, 18 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Point taken. Merge reverted. --Neopeius (talk) 16:14, 16 March 2020 (UTC)

 * Support – Anything about solid rocket booster can easily explained on the solid-propellant rocket. --Soumyabrata (talk • subpages) 12:58, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

title: Talk:Solid-propellant rocket


text:
User talk:Nibblesworth

David Dreier
That edit seemed to be reasonably neutral. It had cites and all. Your deletion of it was POV, not the edit itself. RickK 22:42, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)

Fred Thompson
The article as it currently stands is not that bad, IMHO. I'd be cautious about any drastic changes. -- Orange Mike 17:55, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

Signing posts
In the future, when posting to a talk page, please sign your posts using 4 tildes ( ~ ). This will make your username and the time appear. That way people can follow discussions easier. Thanks. I'm signing here with 4 tildes and it automatically make it appear like→ --Ali'i 17:17, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Ah, thanks for the info! Nibblesworth 17:33, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Aole pilikia! --Ali'i 17:50, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

"Pro-Thompson" Nibblesworth modifying other's Talk comments
Please do not delete content from articles on Wikipedia. Your edits appear to be vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. r/tpv by Nibblesworth

Talk page vandalism Removing the comments of other users from talk pages other than your own, Nibblesworth, is generally considered vandalism. Vandalism includes the action of any removal or change of content made in a deliberate attempt to compromise the integrity of Wikipedia.

Please do not delete content from articles on Wikipedia. Your edits appear to be vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. r/modifying user's comments by Username:Nibblesworth

 Modifying users' comments Editing other users' comments to substantially change their meaning (e.g. turning someone's vote around), except when removing a personal attack (which is somewhat controversial in and of itself), is generally considered vandalism.

Actual other user's comments modified by Username:Nibblesworth; this is from an archived version of this page, as edited by 4.88.54.144 (Talk) at 14:07, 9 April 2007: :and also these comments by Nibblesworth from the User talk:Orangemike  page [emphasis is mine]: Fred Thompson

Howdy Orangemike ! Saw your comments on the last edit for Fred Thompson, and I'd like to let you know that I'm currently putting together information that will help me create a more comprehensive, fact-centered article. I'm pro-Thompson, but DO NOT want to use the site as a campaign tool for him. I truly think this site should represent facts, and readers can make their own decision. Since you mentioned in your edit that you are not a Thompson fan, I was wondering if you'd help me construct something neutral? I'll compose it all, and if you'd review it to look for bias, I'd appreciate it. Thanks. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Nibblesworth (talk • contribs) 17:52, 3 April 2007 (UTC).

4.88.54.144 14:07, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Reads to me like Nibblesworth is self-admittedly incapable of contructing his own NPOV edits or NPOV verifiable "facts" pertaining to the U.S. Senator Fred Thompson Lorrie Morgan 1994-1996 relationship within the Fred Dalton Thompson page. Why is Nibblesworth et al so vehemently opposed to letting the "readers can make their own decision[s]" pertaining to the factual and very adult U.S. Senator Fred Thompson Lorrie Morgan 1994-1996 relationship?  Only considering comments from registered Wikipedia users by Nibblesworth et al at the Talk:Fred Dalton Thompson page in my opinion demonstrates an editorial intent contrary to the philosophy of John Stuart Mill and the Wkipedia principles pertaining to resolving content dispute and a markedly biased "pro-Thompson" point of view.

"Facts"??? It reads to me as if Username:Nibblesworth is merely cherry picking facts to form his own his specific set of "facts" that he (or she) before allowing Wikipedia readers to [sic] "... make their own decision[s]" (and just what "decisions" are you refering here to, Username:Nibblesworth?) regarding the lenghty two year relationship between Lorrie Morgan and U.S. Senator Fred Thompson. 4.88.48.58 12:17, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nibblesworth


text:
Wikipedia talk:Requests for arbitration/Instantnood, et al./Proposed decision

Motion by Wgfinley on behalf of Instantnood
We would like to request that all parties to this case as listed refrain from making renaming, moving, creating articles, categories and what have you for items concerning Greater China including PRC, ROC, Mainlain China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, etc. while this case is being heard. The reason for this is the enforcement of the NPOV China Naming convention is the heart of our case and since this case was initially filed SchmuckyTheCat and others have made numerous edits and changes to these pages.

Due to the massive amount of evidence contained below we believe that an injunction as suggested above is very much in order while the case is being considered. --Wgfinley 22:45, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * From Wikipedia's point of view the question is whether reversable changes are being engaged in such as moving of pages back and forth or revert wars. As your client can on his own, by ceasing aggressive action, avoid such churning, there is no need for the arbitration committee to issue an injunction. Fred Bauder 14:02, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)

 * Failing to take any action would set the dangerous precedent that if you don't agree with someone just file an arb case against them so they can be silenced out of fear of being accused of "warring" and then go and make all the changes you like. I would think a direction by the Arbcom to have the matter remain as status quo while the case is being heard would be prudent.  As it is now things aren't status quo, my client has been silenced by this case and his opponents who filed this action are having a gay old time changing everything in sight.  --Wgfinley 20:49, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Since this is a talk page, allow me to say that I'm shocked to discover the massive amount of changes detailed below. I had previously encouraged Instantnood to refrain from making any edits relating to this unresolved debate. I had assumed that this would simly be prudent and that all parties would agree that further changes would at best complicate the whole matter. Now I see that SchmuckyTheCat went ahead and made a large number of changes, completely ignoring the fact that the debate is necessarily stalled due to the ArbCom case, and was quite far from resolution anyway. This is not good and may in fact set a dangerous precedent, as Wgfinley points out. --MarkSweep 21:24, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * When an agreement is reached regarding naming conventions, all of the folks editing these pages can then change them to conform to whatever agreement is made. What I will be looking for is a good faith effort to reach an agreement. Fred Bauder 02:03, May 3, 2005 (UTC)

Mar 29
SchmuckyTheCat is She/he has also been moving around articles
 * depopulating category:Laws of mainland China while the discussion at WP:CFD has not been closed.
 * from category:Political parties in mainland China to category:Political parties in the People's Republic of China, and
 * from category:Youth wings of political parties of mainland China to category:Youth wings of Chinese political parties.
 * The list of airports in Mainland China was moved to list of airports in the People's Republic of China, and
 * list of political parties in mainland China to list of political parties in the People's Republic of China.

Changing titles

 * Elections in mainland China moved to Elections in the People's Republic of China #1
 * Elections in mainland China moved to Elections in the People's Republic of China #2
 * List of political parties in mainland China moved to List of political parties in the People's Republic of China #1
 * List of political parties in mainland China moved to List of political parties in the People's Republic of China #2
 * Talk:List of airports in mainland China (his comment)
 * Talk:List of airports in the People's Republic of China (his comment)
 * List of airports in mainland China moved to List of airports in the People's Republic of China #1
 * List of airports in mainland China moved to List of airports in the People's Republic of China #2

Depopulating categories
category:Laws of mainland China
 * Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China
 * Category:Chinese numbered policies
 * People's Republic of China's trademark law
 * Hukou
 * Anti-Secession Law of the People's Republic of China

category:Elections in mainland China category:Political parties in mainland China
 * Category:Elections in mainland China (category pseudo-deleted)
 * Elections in mainland China (retitled by SchmuckyTheCat already)
 * Category:Political parties in mainland China (category pseudo-deleted)
 * Communist Party of China
 * Inner Mongolian People's Party
 * Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang

category:Youth wings of political parties of mainland China
 * Category:Youth wings of political parties of mainland China (adding to speedy deletion)
 * Communist Youth League

category:Airports of mainland China
 * Category:Airports of mainland China (changed to redirect)
 * List of airports in mainland China (retitled by SchmuckyTheCat already)
 * Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport

Other edits

 * Template:Politics of the People's Republic of China (adding category)

Did not respect poll result

 * Sar
 * SAR

Not sticking with naming conventions regarding political NPOV
This series of edits (economy of the People's Republic of China), this edit (Chinese federalism) and this edit (Capital punishment in the People's Republic of China) by SchmuckyTheCat seems clearly not following the naming conventions. He replaced all references to "mainland China" with "China", effectively equating the two terms.

In this edit (Tian Tan Buddha), she/he's implying Taiwan not part of China, which is not a NPOV.

Changing titles
By the way, she/he's been moving list of companies in the People's Republic of China to list of companies in mainland China (at 01:41 Apr 2). I have moved it back just now.
 * Update: List of companies in mainland China is moved to list of companies in the People's Republic of China again, at 16:19, Apr 2.

She/he moved
 * communications in mainland China to communications in the People's Republic of China (at 20:58, Apr 1),
 * media in China to media in the People's Republic of China (at 20:36, Apr 1),
 * Internet in China to Internet in the Peope's Republic of China (at 20:45, Apr 1),
 * media in China to media in the People's Republic of China (at 20:47, Apr 1),
 * capital punishment in mainland China to capital punishment in the People's Republic of China (at 20:35, Apr 1)
 * cinema of mainland China to cinema of the People's Republic of China (at 19:42, Apr 1)

Moving articles between categories
She/he moved the following articles from category:Mainland China to category:People's Republic of China
 * Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (at 20:30, Apr 1)
 * People's Bank of China (at 20:29, Apr 1)
 * Civil service of the People's Republic of China (at 19:27, Apr 1)

She/he has rewritten the PICC article, and she/he's also getting into trouble with Ran with Internet censorship in the People's Republic of China (see its discussion page).

Depopulating categories
Update: SchmuckyTheCat kept depopulating category:Laws of mainland China, despite the words " Please do not remove this notice or empty the category while the question is being considered. " on the CFD template. The articles and categories being taken off from this category include:
 * Intellectual property in the People's Republic of China (diff)
 * Anti-Secession Law of the People's Republic of China (diff #1, #2, #3, #4, #5)
 * Hukou (diff #1, #2, #3, #4)
 * Category:Chinese numbered policies (diff #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, #6, #7)
 * Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China (diff #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, #6, #7)
 * People's Republic of China's trademark law (diff #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, #6)

She/he has also removed Ping An of China and PICC from category:Insurance companies of mainland China, despite an earlier decision at WP:CFD.

Moving articles between categories
Further, she/he has set up category:Culture of the People's Republic of China, and moved Chinese house church from category:Culture of mainland China to it.

See also the discussion at category talk:Culture of the People's Republic of China. &

Changing titles

 * Internet in China to Internet in the People's Republic of China (at 20:45, Apr 1, 2005)
 * Police in mainland China to Police in the People's Republic of China (at 15:03, Apr 5, 2005)

Moving articles between categories

 * Xinhua News Agency (from category:Mainland China to category:People's Republic of China)
 * China News Service (from category:Mainland China to category:People's Republic of China)
 * Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China (from category:Economy of mainland China to category:Economy of the People's Republic of China)

Populating disputed categories
Category:Laws of the People's Republic of China Category:Companies of the People's Republic of China
 * Law of the People's Republic of China
 * Administrative Litigation Law of the People's Republic of China
 * Custody and repatriation
 * National Judicial Exam
 * Traditional Chinese law (see also User talk:SchmuckyTheCat)
 * Norinco

New categories and populating new categories
Category:Religion in the People's Republic of China (created at 01:39, Apr 6, 2005) Category:Internet in the People's Republic of China (created at 01:03, Apr 6, 2005) Category:Culture of the People's Republic of China (created at 21:45, Apr 4, 2005) (see also category talk:Culture of the People's Republic of China)
 * Three-Self Patriotic Movement (moved from category:Religion in mainland China)
 * Chinese house church (moved from category:Religion in mainland China)
 * Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association (moved from category:Religion in mainland China)
 * Religion in China (moved from category:Religion in China)
 * Hui pan-nationalism
 * Brother Yun
 * Big mama
 * Strong Nation Forum
 * Internet censorship in the People's Republic of China
 * Internet in the People's Republic of China
 * China Youth Network Civilization Convention
 * List of words blocked by the Chinese government
 * Discipline Inspection Commission of the Communist Party of China
 * Han chauvinism
 * May Fourth Movement
 * Image:Cultrev.jpg
 * Chinese nationalism
 * Culture of Communist China
 * Maoism

New categories and populating new categories
Category:Religion in the People's Republic of China
 * Protestantism in China

Changing the content from "mainland China" to "China" or "PRC"

 * CITIC
 * Kelly Chen
 * Economy of Benin
 * Economy of Madagascar
 * List of cemeteries
 * List of countries by rail transport network size
 * List of straits
 * List of mathematicians
 * Time zone

Changing the format of presentation of mainland China and Hong Kong

 * List of railway companies
 * List of railway stations

Forcing inclusion of Hong Kong and Macao to mainland China-related articles

 * List of airports in mainland China was moved to List of airports in the People's Republic of China at 04:58, 29 Mar 2005 by SchmuckyTheCat. Huaiwei added airports of Hong Kong and Macao onto the list.
 * Economy of China (with the note at the top stating the article is about economy of mainland China) was moved to Economy of the People's Republic of China at 01:03, 2 Apr 2005 by SchmuckyTheCat. Huaiwei added (and SchmuckyTheCat slightly revised a bit after that) the economies of Hong Kong and Macao.

Changing the content from "mainland China" to "China" or "PRC"

 * Economy of Asia
 * Pacific Rim
 * List of countries and territories by current account balance
 * List of countries and territories by reserves of foreign exchange and gold
 * List of companies in the People's Republic of China (moved from list of companies in mainland China at 16:19, Apr 2, 2005 by SchmuckyTheCat)
 * Economy of Germany
 * Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
 * Walnut, California
 * San Gabriel, California
 * Chinatown in Latin America
 * Economy of Togo
 * Economy of Sudan
 * Economy of Seychelles
 * Economy of South Korea
 * Economy of Myanmar
 * Economy of Mauritius
 * Economy of Laos

Moving articles between categories

 * Special economic zone of the People's Republic of China (from category:Mainland China to category:People's Republic of China, and from category:Economy of mainland China to category:Economy of the People's Republic of China)
 * Chinese ecnomic reform (from category:Mainland China to category:People's Republic of China, and from category:Economy of mainland China to category:Economy of the People's Republic of China)
 * Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (from category:Economy of mainland China to category:Economy of the People's Republic of China)
 * List of companies in the People's Republic of China (moved from category:Companies of mainland China to category:Companies of the People's Republic of China)

Changing the content from "mainland China" to "China" or "PRC"

 * List of collages and universities by country (took off the words "mainland China")
 * East China Sea (effectively implying Taiwan not part of China)

Re: Motion to close
Neutrality recently proposed this: Given that this is generally a content matter and the dispute seems to have died down in recent weeks, I move to close. I'm not sure what a motion to close entails, but I'm hoping the committee will issue some findings before dismissing this case. I also strongly disagree with the statement that this is purely a content matter and the suggestion that the content debate has been resolved.

Granted, there are disputes about content going on that the ArbCom is not expected to get involved in. However, this case is in fact (at least partly) about policy: Do the naming conventions, for example, mean anything? Are they policy? Can they be enforced, and, if so, how? Does the creation of a large number of polls constitute a disruption of WP as alleged in the complaint? Etc. Those are clearly not content issues, they merely were sparked by an underlying content debate.

That debate has not "died down in recent weeks". Rather, it was unilaterally abandoned by User:Instantnood while this case is pending. As outlined above on this talk page, it would set a rather worrying precedent if a user could be forced to abstain from an ongoing debate by initiating an arbitration request against him, while others carry on what they were doing unchanged. The lull in the debate is just that, a temporary interruption for the sake of the arbitration case. Dismissing the case by saying that the debate has gone away will likely not solve anything. If the case were to be dismissed without any findings or actions taken, the debate could easily flare up again. We could be stuck in another infinite cycle: debate rages, arbitration is requested, dispute is put on halt by reasonable parties, case is dismissed because there seemingly is no dispute, parties start to engage in dispute again; rinse and repeat. This could be avoided if the ArbCom were to make explicit what lessons should be learned from this episode. --MarkSweep 17:33, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I also, and for completely different reasons than MarkSweep, disagree that this had anything to do with content. I'd also note that in the evidence page, I put forth a few idea towards curbing the behavioral issues behind this RfAr that preserve everyone's ability to edit. SchmuckyTheCat 04:20, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Proposed Relief
(I added this a long time ago in the evidence where it was probably the wrong place for it. It's still acceptable, I don't want punitive relief - just something that steers this guy towards constructive editing.)

I've always said, and believed, that Instantnood attempts to make valid contributions and believes in the success of wikipedia. I hope these restrictions encourage positive contributions rather than be outright bans or blocks.

 * 1)  Instantnood is prohibited from creating, renaming; or proposing to create or rename, anything with the word "China" in the title.
 * 2)  Instantnood is prohibited from changing the link target of any article, category, template, etc that has the word "China" in it.
 * 3)  Any change that might change the meaning of an edit is not minor. Instantnood is only allowed to mark corrections to typos as minor edits.
 * 4)  Instantnood is allowed one revert per change to an article.
 * 5)  Talk pages are not a forum.  Instantnood is allowed a single statement for or against any proposed change. For each response made to his original statement, he is allowed a single response/rebuttal. As a response to someone elses comments, he is allowed a single response.
 * 6)  Any new category created by Instantnood needs at least five articles to place in it, at least two of those articles must not be stubs.
 * 7)  For every five stub articles created by Instantnood, or edits to existing stubs of less than 100 words, Instantnood must write at least two hundred words to another article.


text:
Robert Crowley

Robert Crowley may refer to:

*Robert Crowley (printer) (c. 1517–1588), English Protestant printer, editor, chronicler, social critic, poet, polemicist, and clergyman
 * Robert Crowley (CIA) (1924–2000), Assistant Deputy Director of Clandestine Operations of the CIA
 * Bob Crowley (born 1952), theatre director
 * Bob Crowley (Survivor contestant) (born 1951), winner of Survivor: Gabon
 * Bob D. Crowley, software executive, investor
 * R. T. Crowley (born 1948), pioneer in electronic commerce
 * Robert Crowley (bobsleigh) (born 1942), American bobsledder

title: Robert Crowley


text: User talk:209.152.67.222

title: User talk:209.152.67.222


text:
Mudra (music)

A mudra (Sanskrit for sign or symbol) is a term woven into compositions in Indian classical music, particularly Carnatic music, that indicates the identity of the composer, a patron, the raga, tala, or style. A composer might use his own name or a pseudonym. Not all composers have mudras, and they do not necessarily relate to the composer's name.

Etymology
A mudra is a pen name, nom de plume, or pseudonym adopted by a musician to serve as their sign of authorship in a musical composition. A pen name may be used to make the author's name more distinctive, to disguise their gender, to distance an author from some or all of their previous works, to protect the author from retribution for their writings, to combine more than one author into a single author, or for any of a number of reasons related to the marketing or aesthetic presentation of the work. The author's name may be known only to the publisher, or may come to be common knowledge.

All most every time, the penname is inserted in the wordings of the composition or poem in a artistically meaningful way.

title: Mudra (music)


text:
Charles J. Colden

Charles J. Colden (August 24, 1870 – April 15, 1938) was a politician who served in the Los Angeles City Council and from 1933 to 1938 as a member of the U.S. Congress.

Biography
Colden was born on a farm in Peoria County, Illinois, and moved at age 10 with his parents to Nodaway County, Missouri, in 1880. He attended grade school at the Ireland Schoolhouse near their farm, and later went to Maryville High School some ten miles distant in Maryville, Missouri. He attended Stanberry Normal School in Stanberry, Missouri, and Shenandoah College in Shenandoah, Iowa.

Colden taught school in Missouri and Iowa from 1889 to 1896. He was the editor and publisher of the Parnell Sentinel from 1896 to 1900 and the Nodaway Forum (which became the Maryville Daily Forum, in Maryville, Missouri, from 1900 to 1908.

He was president of the board of regents of Northwest Missouri Teachers College from 1905 to 1908. Colden Hall at the school is named for him. From 1908 to 1912 he was in the construction business in Kansas City, Missouri.

Colden took a vacation tour of the West in 1912 and "was attracted to the possibilities" of the Los Angeles harbor in San Pedro and soon settled there. and continued in the real estate and building business. He was the president of the San Pedro Chamber of Commerce from 1922 to 1924.

He died in Washington, D.C., and was buried in Roosevelt Memorial Park Cemetery in Gardena, California, but in 1965 his body was reinterred at Green Hills Memorial Park in Rancho Palos Verdes, California. He was survived by his wife, Clara N. Colden; a sister, Mrs. B.C. Hall, two daughters, Mrs. Lester Hawthorne and Abbe Colden; and two sons, John C. Colden and Charles J. Colden Jr.

Missouri
Colden was a member of the Missouri House of Representatives from 1901 to 1905.

Planning
He was a member of the city's first planning commission in 1920, which at that time was composed of 51 people appointed by the City Council "to work out an organized, comprehensive plan of city development." Other notable members were Eugene Biscailuz, Charles A. Holland, Evan Lewis and W.H. Workman Jr.

Harbor
Colden was president of the Los Angeles Harbor commission from 1923 to 1925. While on the commission, he worked vigorously for the Harbor Belt Line that linked all the port facilities via rail. He also led a fight to give the Santa Fe Railroad access to the waterfront.

In January 1925, Edgar McKee, former president of the harbor board, filed suit against Colden, charging him with "having conspired . . . to oust McKee as president of the Harbor Board and to have plotted to ruin him." McKee claimed that Colden and others attempted to involve McKee 'in various deals involving the purchase of lands for the Harbor Commission and through which they intended to make a private profit." Colden denied the charge, and the matter was later settled out of court.

City Council
Colden was the first resident of the Harbor Area to serve on the Los Angeles City Council since the area was annexed to the city in 1909 through a shoestring strip that attached the district to the main part of the city some 20 miles to the north. He ran for the council in an at-large election in 1923, but placed 10th in a field of eighteen and only the first nine were elected.

In 1925 a new city charter gave the district and 14 others their own representatives on the council, creating the 15th District. He ran for this new post and edged James H. Dodson Jr. in the general election, 4,750 votes to 4,599. He was reelected in the May 1927 primary. Colden did not run in the 1929 election, noting his disappointment that the city had chosen to purchase "an airport and the classification yards at the harbor" when "These projects might have been [better] promoted by the beneficiaries and by private enterprise."

Congress
Colden was elected to Congress as a Democrat from California's 17th district and served from March 4, 1933, until his death in 1938.

Liberty Ship
The Charles J. Colden (hull number 2691) was one of the type EC2-S-C1 Liberty ships built by Permanente Metals Yard No. 2 in Richmond, California, for the U.S. Maritime Commission from 1941 to 1945.

Other references

 * Chronological Record of Los Angeles City Officials: 1850—1938, compiled under the direction of the Municipal Reference Library, City Hall, Los Angeles, March 1938 (reprinted 1966)

title: Charles J. Colden


text:
User:Paul Lindstrom

WOW

title: User:Paul Lindstrom


text:
Brakspear Brewery

W. H. Brakspear & Sons Ltd. is a brewer in Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire. Since the closure of its original brewery in Henley-on-Thames in 2002, most of its beers have been brewed by Wychwood Brewery in West Oxfordshire. In 1993, beer writer Michael Jackson described its "ordinary" bitter as the best in England.

History
In 1711, W. H. Brakspear bought a brewery on Bell Street, Henley-on-Thames. The Brakspear family was distantly related to Nicholas Breakspear, who became Pope Adrian IV in 1154 — the only Englishman to become Pope. In 1812, the brewery moved to a Thames-side location on New Street.

The brewery was used in 1990 episode of Inspector Morse, "Sins of the Fathers". In 2002, W. H. Brakspear & Sons licensed the brewing of its beers to Refresh UK, owner of Wychwood Brewery, and the brewery ceased production and closed. The site was sold and part of it converted to a Hotel du Vin boutique hotel.

The now non-brewing Brakspear Pub Company and its estate of 104 pubs was bought in 2006 by pub chain J. T. Davies for £106 million; the 51 Davies pubs were rebranded as Brakspear. After being brewed at Burtonwood, Cheshire, production of Brakspear beers was moved, along with some of the historic Henley brewing vessels, to Refresh's Wychwood Brewery in Witney, Oxfordshire. Refresh UK was subsequently bought out by Marston's.

In spring 2013 Brakspear Pub Company made a limited return to brewing with the commissioning of the Bell Street Brewery in its Bull public house in Bell Street, Henley-on-Thames.

Brewing
Brakspear's beer is brewed using the traditional double drop fermentation method. This involves allowing fermentation to start in vessels on an upper floor, before 'dropping' into a second vessel below. This leaves tired or dead yeast and unwanted solids ('trub') behind and encourages a healthier fermentation. Refresh UK claims that Brakspear beers possess a butterscotch flavour due to diacetyl produced through this method and their particular long-lived, multi-strain yeast. The yeast has "distant origins" at Mann, Crossman & Paulin in Mile End, London.

When beer writer Michael Jackson visited in 1993, the barley was Maris Otter and water came from their own well, described as "chalk-hard". Hops were Goldings from Kent, Hereford Fuggles and "Styrians". Jackson thought the ordinary bitter the best in England, writing "In its delicate, malty sweetness, teasing, yeasty fruitiness, and hoppy bitterness, Brakspear's 'ordinary' is lightly refreshing, gently sociable, more-ish and appetite-arousing; the perfect combination in a bitter. The hoppiness is its salient feature". John Mortimer in 1986 claimed "Brakspear's draft bitter is undoubtedly the best to be had in England". (The contemporary Brakspear draft bitter shares the same name but differs otherwise.)

With the opening of the Bell Street Brewery in Henley-on-Thames in spring 2013 a number of beers are brewed including some sold using the Brakspear's beer brand name albeit with point of sale material also showing the brewing provenance as the Bell Street Brewery. Previous Brakspear's beer names Mild, Old Ale and Special have featured at various times, with Special being a regular product.

title: Brakspear Brewery


text:
User talk:Paul Lindstrom

I'm disappointed that you've stooped lower than the cabal, Lir -- if you think it's okay to vandalise then you haven't the right to write that "protest" on your site. I didn't think you were a troll, either. ✏ Oven Fresh ²  00:23, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Paul Lindstrom


text:
SPI-4.2

SPI-4.2 is a version of the System Packet Interface published by the Optical Internetworking Forum. It was designed to be used in systems that support OC-192 SONET interfaces and is sometimes used in 10 Gigabit Ethernet based systems.

SPI-4 is an interface for packet and cell transfer between a physical layer (PHY) device and a link layer device, for aggregate bandwidths of OC-192 Asynchronous Transfer Mode and Packet over SONET/SDH (POS), as well as 10 Gigabit Ethernet applications.

SPI-4 has two types of transfers—Data when the RCTL signal is deasserted; Control when the RCTL signal is asserted. The transmit and receive data paths include, respectively, (TDCLK, TDAT[15:0],TCTL) and (RDCLK, RDAT[15:0], RCTL). The transmit and receive FIFO status channels include (TSCLK, TSTAT[1:0]) and (RSCLK, RSTAT[1:0]) respectively.

A typical application of SPI-4.2 is to connect a framer device to a network processor. It has been widely adopted by the high speed networking marketplace.

The interface consists of (per direction):
 * sixteen LVDS pairs for the data path
 * one LVDS pair for control
 * one LVDS pair for clock at half of the data rate
 * two FIFO status lines running at 1/8 of the data rate
 * one status clock

The clocking is source-synchronous and operates around 700 MHz. Implementations of SPI-4.2 have been produced which allow somewhat higher clock rates. This is important when overhead bytes are added to incoming packets.

PMC-Sierra made the original OIF contribution for SPI-4.2. That contribution was based on the PL-4 specification that was developed by PMC-Sierra in conjunction with the SATURN Development Group.

The physical layer of SPI-4.2 is very similar to the HyperTransport 1.x interface, although the logical layers are very different.

title: SPI-4.2


text: User talk:4.60.68.222

title: User talk:4.60.68.222


text:
Crimson and Clover

"Crimson and Clover" is a 1968 song by American rock band Tommy James and the Shondells. Written by the duo of Tommy James and drummer Peter Lucia Jr., it was intended as a change in direction of the group's sound and composition.

"Crimson and Clover" was released in late 1968 as a rough mix after a radio station leaked it. It spent 16 weeks on the U.S. charts, reaching number one in the United States (in February 1969) and four other countries. The single has sold 5 million copies, making it Tommy James and the Shondells' best-selling song. (The RIAA did not award a gold record, so the 5 million sales number is not officially acknowledged.) It has been covered by many artists including Joan Jett, Cher (as a duet with her son) and Prince.

In 2006, Pitchfork Media named it the 57th best song of the 1960s.

Composition and recording
Following the release of "Mony Mony", Tommy James wanted to change direction of the group's sound, and began producing his own material. At the time, James said this was out of "necessity and ambition", wanting to move from singles into albums. He departed from the group's principal songwriters Bo Gentry and Ritchie Cordell, and was given complete artistic control by Roulette Records.

The title, "Crimson and Clover", was decided before a song had been written for it. The combination of unknown meaning came to James as he was waking up, comprising his favorite color – crimson – and his favorite flower – clover. (There is also a species of clover native to Europe called the crimson clover.) A song to fit the phrase was written by Tommy James and bassist Mike Vale, but was scrapped. His following collaboration with drummer Peter Lucia, Jr. was more successful. Lucia has said that he himself came up with the Crimson and Clover phrase while watching a high school football game between his hometown Morristown, New Jersey Crimson and Hopatcong, New Jersey (green, or "clover"). During the song's production, Roulette Records wanted a new single, so the group agreed to release "Do Something to Me" to gain time to complete the song.

"Crimson and Clover" was recorded in late 1968 in about five hours and is one of the earliest songs recorded on 16-track equipment. Tommy James played the rhythm guitar on his 1967 Fender Jazzmaster through an Ampeg Gemini 1, while Eddie Gray played lead guitar on his 1968 Gibson Les Paul Custom through an Ampeg Gemini 2 GV-22 with tremolo effect on, Mike Vale played bass and Peter Lucia, Jr. played drums. The song contains a tremolo effect on the guitar, set so that it vibrated in time with the song's rhythm. Near the end of the recording, the band had an idea of utilizing the tremolo effect with vocals. To achieve this, the voice microphone was plugged into an Ampeg guitar amplifier with tremolo turned on, and the output from the amplifier was recorded while James sang "Crimson and clover, over and over".

Single release
Tommy James made a rough mix of "Crimson and Clover" to show to Roulette Records executive Morris Levy for evaluation. The band was still intending to improve on the mix with ambient sound and echo. A few days later, James stopped at Chicago radio station WLS, where he had previously had a positive experience, to get their reaction. After an interview discussing the single, he was persuaded to play his copy of the rough mix off-air for WLS. Unbeknownst to James, the station recorded the song which they aired with little delay – in November 1968 – as a "world exclusive".

Morris Levy had initially pleaded with WLS not to play the record prematurely, before its release, but listener response changed his mind. Roulette Records produced a specially pressed single and shipped it to listeners who called about the song. Eight hundred copies were also sent to WLS for promotional purposes. Levy refused to let James produce the final mix he wanted, and the single was released using the rough mix, with "Some Kind of Love" as its B-Side.

"Crimson and Clover" entered the U.S. charts on December 14, where it stayed for 16 weeks on Billboard Hot 100 and 15 weeks on Cash Box Top 100. Following a performance of the song on The Ed Sullivan Show on January 26, it became number one on February 1, 1969, a position held for one week on Cash Box Top 100 and two weeks on both Billboard Hot 100 and Record World 100 Top Pops. Internationally, the song reached number one in Canada, Germany, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, and Switzerland. It also charted in Austria, Brazil, France, Holland, Italy, Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines, and Puerto Rico. Despite this, the song did not chart in the United Kingdom.

Album version
Based on suggestions from radio stations, Tommy James and The Shondells chose to create a longer version of "Crimson and Clover" for the album. The new material comprises verses copied without lead vocals and overdubbed with guitar solos by the group's guitarist, Ed Gray, using steel guitars and fuzz guitars. During tape copying a slight speed error was inadvertently introduced. This resulted in a small drop in pitch during the new guitar solo sections, which went unfixed. The album, also titled Crimson and Clover, was released in January 1969 and reached a peak of #8 on the Billboard 200.

CD and single re-releases
The version of "Crimson and Clover" on the 1991 Rhino Crimson and Clover/Cellophane Symphony CD (Rhino 70534) is the same as the original album version; however, digital audio workstation software was used to fix the speed and pitch error made in 1968. The CD booklet states that "Crimson and Clover" is now as it was "meant to be heard," and that Tommy James is "very satisfied" with the reissue of the recordings in CD format.

The reissue single of "Crimson and Clover" (Roulette Golden Goodies GG-72) was also pressed with the longer album version although the label still shows the original single version playing time of 3:23.

Joan Jett and the Blackhearts cover version
Joan Jett and the Blackhearts covered "Crimson and Clover" on their debut LP in 1981. In 1982, they reached #7 on the Billboard Hot 100 with their rendition (in a slightly enhanced AOR/single mix), their second-highest charting hit in the U.S. They also reached #4 in Canada and #6 in Australia, in addition to charting in parts of Europe. It also features the non-album song "Oh Woe Is Me", featured on certain editions of her album I Love Rock 'n Roll.

Italian cover
In 1969 Gionchetta recorded the Italian version of the piece entitled Soli si muore (Alone you die), (text by Cristiano Minellono and Mogol) (Junior, JR 0053), also Michele and the Michelangeli recorded a cover in the same year (Ri-Fi, RFN-NP 16362) for the album Ritratto di un cantante (Portrait of a Singer) of 1970 (Ri-Fi, RFL-ST 14037).

title: Crimson and Clover


text:
Þrír blóðdropar

Þrír Blóðdropar was an album released in 1992 by Icelandic rock singer, Megas, through Skífan. Formed by 16 songs Þrír Blóðdropar, which in Icelandic means “Three Drops of Blood”, counted with the participation of Bubbi Morthens for the song “Ég Get Líka (Boðlegir Vinir - Vænlegir Synir)”, Móeiður Júníusdóttir collaborated in “Rósin” and finally, the additional collaboration of guitar player Guðlaugur Kristinn Óttarsson and drummer Sigtryggur Baldursson.

title: Þrír blóðdropar


text:
Talk:Þrír blóðdropar

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title: Talk:Þrír blóðdropar


text:
User:Durgen

deer

title: User:Durgen


text:
User talk:Durgen

dwawa

Hello. The information you added to The New British Poetry was incorrect. Please note that Wikipedia prides itself on the accuracy of its entries; and asks editors to be able to provide sources: Please cite your sources so others can check your work is written below the edit box. I have not quickly been able to check what you added to Sitting Bull. Could you provide a reference?

Charles Matthews 11:06, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Durgen