text:
User talk:Greg321

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
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Trigonometric identity
Hello. Your edit to this article prompts this tip: conventionally one capitalizes the first letter of a section heading in Wikipedia, but later letters in the section heading are not capitalized merely because they're in a section heading, but are capitalized only if there's some other reason to do so. Thus "Exponential forms" with a lower-case "f" is the standard. Michael Hardy 22:16, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Cedric Berthelin
Thank you for your clarification in this area.. I'm slowly finding Soccerbase harder and harder to trust when it comes to matters like this. Keeping teams up-to-date is becoming a more and more difficult task with so much conflicting information. I used to be able to keep up with these things rather well, but find myself slipping as of late. Bobo192 | Edits

Using Inkscape
Well for that particular diagram I think it wasn't too tough, since Inkscape provides a star tool, which I think can also produce regular polygons. For diagrams such as this I'd use a vector graphics editor myself (rather than a bitmap graphics editor like the Gimp), and I like Inkscape. Illustrator is meant to be good, although I've never used it much. Good luck! Lupin 20:36, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I know nothing about Inkscape; I have some very powerful tools on my desktop which I understand well and use daily. If you want some specific help creating graphics of any kind, please contact me. — Xiong 熊 talk * 15:17, 2005 August 7 (UTC)

User Page
Suggest you consider adding to your user page. You may not yet be sure what you want to put there; check out other members' user pages for ideas. You might start with a photo of yourself, with or without your favorite animal or plant.

Members without user pages appear, in some sense, as if they did not exist. — Xiong 熊 talk * 15:20, 2005 August 7 (UTC)

CP logo
Probably http://www.brandsoftheworld.com. ed g2s •  talk  11:23, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:MillwallFC.gif
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If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 07:18, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

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If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 07:19, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:00, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Alert
.  ——  SN  54129  11:22, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

UK Covid-19 Registration stats
Greg, I believe you keep the weekly ONS figures up to date on the UK Covid page. But you haven't included the figures for Scotland and Northern Ireland (NRS and PHA). I've been accumulating those figures over the past weeks and could update that columns but didn't want to do it without checking with you. Alternatively if you email me I could send you a spreadsheet with all the values and the links. Chris55 (talk) 17:10, 8 May 2020 (UTC)

 * , I noticed the most recent set of ONS deaths are out here on the tab 'Covid-19 - E&W comparisons' column E.  Do you want to add them to the data that you have and update the table? Greg321 (talk) 20:35, 12 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Ah, well done Greg! I looked this morning and couldn't find the complete spreadsheet at all. (I note this page says "Corrections".) I've now got all the data: the NI figures are getting harder to track down but I've finally found the PDF on the NISRA site, so I can do it. The NRS figures are published on Wednesday but last week's covered up to 3 May. Chris55 (talk) 21:23, 12 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Brilliant. I am planning to update the whole of the cases side of the table as this has been lost since the government changed how it presented the data.  So hopefully we can get the table looking sensible again. Greg321 (talk) 10:19, 13 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Yes, it was harder than I thought since ONS had found a few new very early cases so that all the cumulative totals were wrong; and more. But I do think that table is over-complicated. Wouldn't the English regions data be better moved over to the England Covid pages (it's a nighmare on a mobile)? Perhaps I should raise this on the template page talk. Chris55 (talk) 10:47, 13 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Yes, lets put it on there, it is a mess at the moment. I think and  will have opinions on it too. Greg321 (talk) 13:16, 13 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Hope you don't mind, but I moved the conversation to the UK COVID talk page and replied there 18:16, 13 May 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Greg321


text: Category:Baix Llobregat

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Baix Llobregat


text:
Blue-throated macaw

The blue-throated macaw (Ara glaucogularis), also known as the Caninde macaw or Wagler's macaw, is a macaw endemic to a small area of north-central Bolivia, known as Los Llanos de Moxos. In 2014 this species was designated by law as a natural patrimony of Bolivia. Until 2010, it was hunted by native people to make feathered "Moxeño" headdresses for "machetero" ritual dances.

Recent population and range estimates suggest that about 208–303 adult individuals remain in the wild. Its demise was brought upon by nesting competition, avian predation, and a small native range, exacerbated by indigenous hunting and capture for the pet trade. Current threats continue to include hunting and trapping as well as tree cutting, invasive species, disease, and use of powders or foams used to extinguish fires. It is listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN in the wild and is protected by trading prohibitions.

The name "Wagler's macaw" is in honor of German herpetologist and ornithologist Johann Georg Wagler, who processed many of Johan Baptist von Spix's Brazilian collections at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, and first described the blue macaws for a European readership in Monographia Psittacorum (1832).

Taxonomy
Ara is from a Tupi Indian word for macaw; glauco (glaucous Latin for greyish-blue or green) + gularis (Latin: throat). The Blue-throated macaw is one of 8 extant species (and a few extinct species) in genus Ara of large long-tailed parrots collectively called macaws. The genus Ara is one of six genera of Central and South American macaws in the tribe Arini, which also includes all the other long-tailed New World parrots. Tribe Arini together with the short-tailed Amazon and allied parrots and a few miscellaneous genera make up subfamily Arinae of Neotropical parrots in family Psittacidae of true parrots.

The blue-throated macaw was originally thought to be a subspecies (Ara ararauna caninde) of the similar-looking blue-and-yellow macaw.

Description
The blue-throated macaw is about 85 cm long including the length of its tail feathers and has a wingspan of approximately three feet or 90 cm. It weighs about 900 g to 1100 g. There is little easily observable sexual dimorphism; however, males tend to be a little bigger than females with approximate masses of 750 g and 950 g respectively. Upperparts are turquoise-blue, slightly duller on crown and brighter on rump. Underparts largely bright yellow but the vent is pale blue. It has a bare facial patch obscured by blue feather-lines merging into a blue lower cheek and throat, separated from its crown by a narrow yellow stripe and bare pink skin around base of the large, black bill. On the face there is a sparsely feathered patch of skin near the base of the large dark-colored bill that has 5 or 6 horizontal stripes of blue feathers which are unique for every blue-throated macaw and can be used to individually identify adults.

The adults have yellow irises and the juveniles have brown irises. The eye color of a nestling is initially black and changes to brown soon after the eyes open. Between one and three years old, the eyes will turn grey, then white. As the macaw matures, the iris turns yellow and the amount of gold increases with age after 10 years. Elderly macaws show a ring of dark grey surrounding the pupil where the iris has become thinner and the back of the retina shows through. It can be separated from the slightly larger blue-and-yellow macaw by the blue (not black) throat, the blue (not green) crown and the lack of contrast between the remiges and upperwing coverts.

Distribution and habitat
The blue-throated macaw lives in the Llano de Moxos of the Beni Department of Bolivia, nesting in "Islas" (islands) of palm trees that dot the level plains. It is not a forest-dwelling bird. This species is one of the rarest in the world. There are two areas inhabited by two sub-populations of Ara glaucogularis: one is to the northwest of Trinidad (the capital city of Beni), and the other is to the south of Trinidad. This complex landscape consists of grasslands, marshes, forest islands, and corridors of forests along waterways. They occur most often between the elevations of 200 and 300 m.

Behaviour
Blue-throated macaws are most frequently found in monogamous pairs, but small groups of 7–9 do occur and one large roosting group of 70 is known. It is not known if these macaws will pair with another mate if their original mate dies. Their main mode of locomotion is flying, but they are also able to climb trees, maneuver along branches and walk on the ground. These birds are active during the day and usually stay in one general area. Blue-throated macaws communicate mostly by sound. When they suspect danger, they emit a very loud alarming call and promptly fly off. Blue-throated macaws are known to communicate with each other with quiet caws as well.

Feeding
Blue-throated macaws do not eat seeds and nuts to the same extent as many other macaw species do. Instead, they primarily eat fruit from large palms. The palm species Attalea phalerata is the most predominant source, but they will also eat from Acrocomia aculeata and Mauritia flexuosa. The macaws eat the mesocarp from ripe and nearly ripe fruit and have also been observed drinking the liquid from very immature fruit.

Breeding
Blue-throated macaws usually breed once a year but if the eggs or nestlings are lost, they may produce a second clutch in the same breeding season. A clutch consists of one to three eggs and incubates for 26 days. Nestlings have a mass of approximately 18 g at hatching and fledge at 13 to 14 weeks. The young macaws are still fully dependent upon their parents for food after they fledge until they are capable of foraging by themselves. Even after this occurs, it has been observed that young blue-throated macaws will stay with their parents up to a year. During this time, the parents will skip an entire breeding season. Blue-throated macaws reach sexual maturity at about 5 years of age.

Nesting
Blue-throated macaws usually nest in cavities of palm trees, most often Attalea phalerata, although it will nest in other palm species as well. Dead palms are the preferred nest as they are hollowed out by large grubs after the tree has died. Nesting pairs of blue-throated macaws do not consistently stay at one nest for consecutive breeding seasons and will usually search for different nesting sites every year. In the wild the blue-throated macaw often compete for nesting-holes in trees with the blue-and-yellow macaw, green-winged macaw, scarlet macaw, woodpeckers, toco toucans, barn owls, bats, and bees. The number of suitable nest trees has been in decline due to the large amounts of deforestation in its natural habitat.

Conservation status and programs
The blue-throated macaw has a very small population and is on the verge of extinction in the wild. It is listed on the IUCN Red List as critically endangered. It is also listed in Appendix I by CITES. Trapping is illegal as blue-throated macaws have been protected by the national legislation of Bolivia. According to locals the wild population of the blue-throated macaw in the 1980s was thought to number 500-1000 individuals. Although trapping ceased later in the 1990s, the wild population remains low, with previous estimates of between 110 and 130 individuals, that more recently have been increased to about 350–400 after surveys by Armonia Association and the Loro Parque Fundacion found additional birds. The World Parrot Trust has many volunteers and employees working to monitor the nests to protect the chicks from predation. Chicks are also examined periodically to ensure that they are healthy and receiving adequate food from their parents. If necessary, the chick is supplemented with formula. Nest boxes have been built, current nest sites improved, and support from the local landowners has been established. In 2008, American Bird Conservancy partnered with the World Land Trust-US, Loro Parque Fundacion, and Assiociacion Armonia to create the blue-throated macaw Reserve. In 2010, the reserve was expanded by 2,800 acres (formerly Juvena Ranch) and is now 11,500 acres.

Armonia has also created a program in recent years to replace the real feathers in traditional indigenous 'machetero' headdresses with artificial feathers created from hand-painted palm fronds. The feathers for the headdresses were previously culled from several species of macaw, including the Blue-throated, and as many as 10 birds were killed to make one head-piece.

Endangered Species Act
On November 4, 2013, the blue-throated macaw was listed under the Endangered Species Act, per the USFWS Final rule.  Because of their large captive population, the American Federation of Aviculture asked that captive-born blue-throated macaws not be listed through a 19-page submission to the federal government.

Aviculture
They are relatively easy to find in captivity, and the captive population consists of about 1000–1100 individuals. Individuals are kept in several zoos around the world, among them the Santa Cruz zoo in Bolivia. Captive blue-throated macaws have successfully hybridized with the military macaw, producing offspring known by aviculturists as Corrientes macaws.

Several breeding and conservation schemes in zoos have now been set up to save this species. Other projects have been started to protect the remaining wild population, but at present, numbers are still decreasing.

In the wild, within the palm groves of Bolivia, birds nest in tree hollows created in dead palm trunks, rotten knot-holes and dead limbs of trees. There is some evidence that parents maintain the third chick of a clutch with minimal food as an insurance against the loss of the older dominant chicks. If disaster should befall the larger chick, the parent can switch to feeding the youngest, and it will exhibit a constant growth curve from the day of active feeding. It is this physiological response that enables researchers to raise the third chick of a clutch in captivity and then return them to the wild nests when they are nearing fledge.

Blue-throated macaws are early nesters and utilize these rare resources of nest holes before the other macaws are in breeding condition.

The blue-throated macaw is sometimes, albeit uncommonly kept as a pet companion parrot. When tame, it tends to be an outgoing, docile and affectionate bird, even cuddly with humans in some circumstances. An intelligent bird; like most parrots, it requires several hours outside its cage every day and regular social interaction with humans or other birds in order to remain healthy, although it is sometimes known to bully other birds kept alongside it. The species is known for its predilection for damaging and disassembling its keeper's property, as well as opening and escaping from its cage if left unsupervised. It may be less noisy than other large macaw species and while it is not known for its talking ability, it may learn to mimic a few words. The World Parrot Trust recommends that the blue-throated macaw be kept in an enclosure of 15 metres in length and that this species should not be kept indoors permanently. It may live for over 50 years in captivity.

title: Blue-throated macaw


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lester, Singapore

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy delete. It has been done by User:MacGyverMagic. Sjakkalle 10:57, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Lester, Singapore
Not notable. Kidcruft. -- RHaworth 22:18, 2005 Apr 14 (UTC)
 * Personal attack on non-notable subject. Speedy. Kappa 23:50, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, pure nonsense.   [  +t,  +c  ] 05:35, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as a personal attack. It is much worse than mere "kidcruft". Sjakkalle 07:42, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedied. Mgm|(talk) 07:58, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, empty article. Megan1967 08:11, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Andrew Jang

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 20:36, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)


text: User:Jammydodger/New Nation/Nikopol

title: User:Jammydodger/New Nation/Nikopol


text:
User:Pypex

Pypex, 100% badass

I basicly do beer project stuffs and the odd disco lighting related article.

I also like to defend helpless articles against the self important Deletionist bureaucracy who seem to think the best way of making a comprehensive dictionary is to delete everything they haven't heard of or don't really agree with.

For the love of god please talk to me, otherwise I just look like some sad lonely man who uses his talk page to complain about things.

Some things to consider.

I am the only one who thinks that a bit of litigation has lead to an almost totalitarian reinterpretation and enforcement of policy. Is pov in userspace even an issue?

Why is it that an unintuitive but internally consistent geometry is called science, and an internally consistent religion called dogmatic

The scaremongering copyright nerds have succeeded in getting a significant portion of of the lists deleted off wikipedia because apparently under US "lets protect the big boys IP" case law editorial opinions are copyright able. Weather or not this actually effects all the lists published outside the US is beyond me, although i wouldn't be surprised if its another case of "amerika is da wurld." I'm putting all this down to deletionist agenda because that way i can complain about it for longer.

Stuff for me to make use of:

TODO: Take some photos of Worcester Cathedral Go find New Beers (Ongoing)

General Wikistuffs:

 * 1) REDIRECT LiteOn

Examples of completely unfounded and ridiculous Afd's

 * Heavy_metal_umlaut "Non-encyclopedic trivia" previous FA
 * Carlos Lozada
 * Lionel Hutz

title: User:Pypex


text:
Alfons Gabriel

Alfons Gabriel (1894–1976) was an Austrian geographer, explorer and travel writer who made several trips to the deserts of Iran, in 1927, 1928, 1933, and 1937.

Gabriel wrote five books about his trips and findings. His book Durch Persiens Wüsten (1935) is translated into Persian.

title: Alfons Gabriel


text:
Paulo César Carpegiani

Paulo César Carpegiani (born 7 February 1949, in Erechim ) is a Brazilian retired footballer who played as a midfielder.

Playing career
Carpegiani began his professional career at Sport Club Internacional of Porto Alegre, in Rio Grande do Sul, where he played from 1970 to 1977, winning two Brazilian Championships (1975 and 1976). Carpegiani also played for Flamengo (1977–1980), winning the Brazilian Championship in 1980.

Coaching career
Upon retiring, he started a career as a football coach. To begin with Carpegiani coached Flamengo and won the Copa Libertadores de América (Libertadores Cup) and the Intercontinental Cup, beating Liverpool, in 1981. He also won a Brazilian Championship in 1982. In 1992, he was coach of the Barcelona Sporting Club (Guayaquil - Ecuador). In 2007, he was hired by the Corinthians. The team lost in his first match, against Clube Náutico Capibaribe, and the club was eliminated from the Copa do Brasil in the quarter finals. His first match of the Campeonato Brasileiro was against Esporte Clube Juventude and Corinthians won.

His best performance as a coach was with the Paraguay national team from 1996 to 1998 (including a good run in the World Cup, losing to France in extra time). On April 10, 2009 Carpegiani was hired as Vitória's head coach. On June 1, 2010 Atlético Paranaense officials hired the former Vitória coach to replace Leandro Niehues.

Player

 * Internacional
 * Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 1975, 1976
 * Campeonato Gaúcho: 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976

 * Flamengo
 * Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 1980
 * Campeonato Carioca: 1978, 1979

Coach

 * Flamengo
 * Copa Libertadores: 1981
 * Intercontinental Cup: 1981
 * Campeonato Carioca: 1981
 * Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 1982

 * Náutico
 * Campeonato Brasileiro Série B: 1986

 * Cerro Porteño
 * Paraguayan First Division: 1992, 1994

 * Atlético Paranaense
 * Campeonato Paranaense: 2001

 * Vitória
 * Campeonato Baiano: 2009

Individual

 * Silver Ball Revista Placar- Internacional
 * 3rd Paraguay best manager all time- 1998 FIFA World Cup

title: Paulo César Carpegiani


text:
Ageusia

Ageusia (from negative prefix a- and Ancient Greek γεῦσις geûsis 'taste') is the loss of taste functions of the tongue, particularly the inability to detect sweetness, sourness, bitterness, saltiness, and umami (meaning 'savory taste'). It is sometimes confused with anosmia – a loss of the sense of smell. True ageusia is relatively rare compared to hypogeusia – a partial loss of taste – and dysgeusia – a distortion or alteration of taste.

Even though ageusia is considered relatively rare it can impact individuals of any age or demographic. There has been an increase in reported cases of ageusia, due to the COVID-19 pandemic making ageusia more commonly diagnosed than before.

Symptoms
The complete loss of taste.

Causes
Ageusia can arise from various factors:

Ageusia resulting from a significant head injury is relatively uncommon, affecting only around 1% of individuals with this type of injury.
 * Issues with the water-soluble molecules responsible for taste, causing oral dryness or damage to taste buds.
 * Radiation therapy treatments.
 * Facial nerve damage due to surgery.
 * Head traumas, traumas to middle ear or jaw.
 * Sinusitis, strep throat, salivary gland infections, common cold, influenza, and COVID-19.
 * Bell's palsy or dental procedures like a molar extraction and tonsillectomy.
 * Epilepsy, tumors, stroke, or multiple sclerosis.
 * Diseases that can affect the autonomic nervous system, like diabetes.
 * Some medications, including muscle relaxants, chemotherapy medication, anti-fungal, chemical compounds found in anti-depressants, anti-seizure medications, and blood pressure medications.
 * Sialadenitis, gingivitis, oral infections, or glossodynia (burning mouth syndrome (BMS)).

COVID-19
Ageusia can be an indication of a COVID-19 infection. Ageusia and anosmia are among the prominent symptoms commonly associated with COVID-19, with symptoms that could last up to 4 weeks. However, it is noteworthy that ageusia may manifest differently from anosmia, as anosmia primarily affects the olfactory system versus ageusia primarily affecting the gustatory receptors. As a result, emerging research indicates that the various variants of COVID-19 might be associated with differences in the severity of ageusia experienced by patients, as well as the severity of other taste and smell disorders. Implying that certain strains of the virus may have differing impacts on the sensory functions of affected individuals.

Studies investigating the prevalence of taste disorders stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic indicate that a wide range of individuals were impacted, with some experiencing these issues more severely than others: Patients with ageusia observed in 28.0% of patients, hypogeusia in about 33.5%, and dysgeusia in about 41.3% of patients.

In April 2020, 88% of a series of over 400 COVID-19 disease patients in Europe were reported to report gustatory dysfunction (86% reported olfactory dysfunction). Additionally, in South Korea, out of approximately 2,000 recorded cases of individuals with ageusia related infection from COVID-19, only 30% exhibited ageusia.

The duration of ageusia recovery can vary significantly depending on cause of infection. In a COVID-19-related infection, the recovery timeline for ageusia can vary among individuals, influenced by factors such as variants or strains of the virus, individual immune responses, demographic characteristics, and other factors.

Proposed Mechanisms of Infection
Recent research has hinted at a connection between the distribution of taste cells and ACE2 receptors in ageusia. Higher amounts of the receptors suggests an easy route for a COVID-19 infection with a possible outcome of ageusia.

Ageusia could also possibly occur due to changes in the abundance or lack of saliva that can eventually cause damage to the cells on the tongue's surface.

Saliva and Taste Perception
Saliva is essential in taste sensation and perception. Studies have indicated that saliva plays a critical role in detecting a COVID-19 infection, and ageusia can serve as an indication of an infection that is affecting the salivary glands.

However, there is still insufficient research to fully clarify the full effects of ageusia, COVID-19, and their potential impacts on saliva and 'salivary flow rate.'

Zinc Deficiency
In cases of zinc deficiency, a shortage of zinc-binding proteins that help with the growth and development of taste buds, could result in taste bud issues associated with ageusia, hypogeusia, and hyposalivation.

Low levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which help with the growth of taste buds, in saliva have also been linked to ageusia.

Diagnosis
Ageusia is usually diagnosed by an otolaryngologist, also known as an ear nose and throat doctor(ENT). These individuals can evaluate a patient's loss of taste among other things. To do this, a specialist will look into any other factors that could be causing ageusia, such as examining the head, nose, ears, and mouth. As well as imaging of the head and neck, to help further identify or eliminate the presence of tumors, focal lesions, or any type of injury that could possibly be affecting any taste-related networks. An otolaryngologist can also conduct a series of tests to assess the severity of ageusia, which includes identifying specific tastes that the patient can sense or recognize.

An example of a test used by researchers and doctors is electrogustometry. This test involves applying mild electric currents to specific tongue areas, to assess taste sensitivity in patients exhibiting ageusia and its symptoms.

Another test that can be used to detect the severity of an individuals ageusia is an 'suprathreshold taste test,' also known as a edible strip taste test. The edible strip is placed on the individuals tongue and it contains various flavors for the patient to be able to detect, or not able to detect.

Treatment
Treatment for ageusia varies depending on its cause, whether it stems from certain illnesses, medications, traumatic injuries or other causes.

If ageusia is triggered by a medication prescribed to a patient, discontinuing the medication under the guidance of a healthcare professional may alleviate the symptoms. Switching to an alternative medication can also help resolve the issue. In cases where ageusia is associated with an underlying illness or trauma, some medications can also help alleviate symptoms. Some of these medications include, antihistamines, decongestants, and antibiotics.

Complications
People experiencing ageusia can endure daily discomfort, which frequently diminishes their enjoyment of eating. This discomfort can cause many individuals affected by taste disorders with feelings of:

 * Isolation in individuals experiences
 * Feelings of depression
 * Social withdrawal
 * Unhealthy eating habits

Such eating habits may involve either insufficient food intake or excessive consumption of sour or sweet foods. This dietary pattern could pose risks, particularly for individuals with diabetes.

Ageusia and Diabetes
Diabetes has been shown to sometimes lead to ageusia, often starting with fluctuations in glucose levels. When blood sugar levels fluctuate, it can disrupt the taste buds, making it difficult to detect flavors. But not everyone with diabetes will experience this. The severity of an individuals ageusia or other taste dysfunction can differ from person to person.

title: Ageusia


text:
User talk:65.88.178.10

Proposed deletion of Galactic Protector

The article Galactic Protector has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Not meeting WP:NVG (This page is not the subject of significant commentary in multiple published sources which are independent of the video game developer)"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Sharky tale (talk) 11:17, 3 June 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:65.88.178.10


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Henry of Castile the Senator

Henry of Castile (March 1230 – 8 August 1303), called the Senator (el Senador), was a Castilian infante, the fourth son of Ferdinand III of Castile by his first wife, Beatrice of Swabia.

Youth and rebellion
Henry spent his childhood at Burgos, where among his tutors was the future cardinal Giles of Torres. He received the typical education of a royal prince in both arms and letters.

In 1246, Henry accompanied his father on the expedition to Jaén. His father granted him in fief the first of the new conquests: Morón de la Frontera and Cote. After the fall of Seville, he was enfeoffed with more conquered towns: Jérez de la Frontera, Lebrija, Arcos and Medina Sidonia. In the repartimiento (division) of Seville itself, Henry and his retinue received a part. He spent the next few years mostly at Seville, often at the court of his father's second wife, Joan of Ponthieu. The troubadouric allusions to their illicit relationship are, however, of no evidentiary value.

As early as 1246, Henry had refused his father's request that he pay homage (homagium) to his elder brother, the future Alfonso X. After their father's death in 1252, Henry and his brother Frederick chafed under the rule of Alfonso. In March 1253, Alfonso withdrew the privileges which Ferdinand had granted Henry on his vast southern estates. He also interfered to prevent Henry from contracting an advantageous marriage. At Calatayud, according to the Libro de las armas of Juan Manuel, Henry's nephew, he asked for the hand in marriage of king of Aragon's daughter, Constance of Aragon, but Alfonso prevented it.

These insults induced Henry plot against Alfonso. In a meeting at Maluenda in 1255, Henry temporarily brought James I of Aragon over to his side. Finally, in October, leagued with Diego López IV de Haro, lord of Biscay, and drawing support from Galicia as well, he went into open rebellion. Despite an initial victory over troops of the royal party, he was defeated near Morón and forced to flee the country. He took ship at Cádiz and sailed through the Mediterranean, stopping at Valencia, and passed through France, initially seeking refuge with his stepmother in Ponthieu. She may have suggested he visit his half-sister Eleanor, who was married to Edward, the son and heir of King Henry III of England.

English exile
Henry arrived at the English court in towards the middle of 1256. He lived comfortably there for three years entirely on King Henry's good graces, but the English offered him no political support. In the spring of 1257, Giovanni Colonna, archbishop of Messina and an ambassador from Pope Alexander IV, arrived in England to negotiate with the king the investiture of his second son, Edmund, with the Kingdom of Sicily. Henry offered to lead troops to Italy to conquer the kingdom for Edmund, but a rebellion in Wales diverted attention from these projects.

After several sojourns in France proved fruitless, Henry decided to seek his fortune in Africa, where the Hafsid emir of Tunis, Muhammad al-Mustansir, had carved out a large empire. After securing a vow that he would not attack Castile, the king of England let Henry leave for Tunisia in July 1259, even granting him a safeconduct through the Gascon ports under his control.

Tunisian expedition
Henry sailed to Catalonia, but King James refused to allow any of his vassals to accompany Henry to Tunisia. In 1260, Henry arrived in Tunis, where his brother Frederick soon joined him. Henry took command of a contingent of Spanish knights in the service of al-Mustansir. In 1261, with the emir's brother, Abou Hafs, he led an attack on the desert city of Miliana. These campaigns strengthened Hafsid independence in the face of the Almohads, the Moroccan dynasty which had also ruled much of Spain the previous century.

In Tunis, Henry adopted the customs and dress of the Hafsid court, much to the shock of the local Christian community. He used the money he earned in the emir's service to finance commercial ventures originating out of the Genoese merchant colony in Tunis. From funds accrued through this trade, the king of France, Louis IX, was later able to make a loan to Henry of England.

Italian campaigns
Henry later made his way to Italy, where he joined his cousin Charles of Anjou's campaign in 1266 to become King of Sicily (Battle of Benevento) and lent him large sums of money. It was here that Henry earned his title of El Senador when Charles had him made senator of Rome (at the time, the ancient Senate of Rome evolved into an institution where a single senator was entrusted with civil power in the city of Rome). However, he was never repaid by Charles; and Henry had aspired to the kingship of Sardinia or some other high title, and found the senatorship poor compensation.

As a result, when his cousin Conradin invaded Italy in 1268, Henry changed sides and joined him. He was one of Conradin's generals at the Battle of Tagliacozzo; he was in command of a host of three hundred Spanish knights sent by his brother Afonso X of Castille. He won the first encounter against the French, but was defeated by a surprise attack of a hidden reinforcement of one thousand French knights under Charles of Anjou. After the loss of the battle, he fled to the Convent of San Salvatore, Monte Cassino, where he was captured by the Angevins.

Imprisonment

According to Ferdinand Gregorovius he spent the next twenty-three years in captivity—in the castle of Canosa from 1268 to 1277, and in Castel del Monte from 1277 to 1291.

In 1272, his half-sister Eleanor and her husband King Edward I of England came to Sicily on return from the Crusades. Eleanor's attempts to get him released from prison were unsuccessful, but she kept in touch with him until her own death.

On 8 March 1286, Pope Honorius IV absolved him from the excommunication he had incurred when he had ravaged the city of Rome with Conradin, and committed insults and harm to Cardinal Giordano Orsini (the future Pope Nicholas III), his nephew Matteo Rosso Orsini, and Giordano Savelli. His absolution was conditional upon sacramental confession and restitution for all the damages done to interested parties, or, if he had insufficient means, a solemn promise to make full restitution when he was able.

Both Eleanor and Charles were dead before Henry was finally released in 1291. He returned to Castile in 1298, where he was appointed regent for his grandnephew, King Ferdinand IV. He married Juana Núñez de Lara, but had no known legitimate children before his death in 1304.

Traditions
According to tradition he had a son out of wedlock with a lady called Mayor Rodríguez Pecha, daughter of the lord (Alcaide) of the castle of Zamora. This son was called Enrique Enriquez de Sevilla, who became Justicia Mayor or Chief Judge of Castile under King Alfonso XI.

A recent study attributes the cavalry novel "Amadis de Gaula" to Henry of Castile.

title: Henry of Castile the Senator


text: User talk:64.114.176.24

title: User talk:64.114.176.24


text:
User:AnupMukherjee

[Anup Mukherjee]

what got me into wikipedia
Recently (Apr, 2005) there was an article on wikipedia in an Indian Business magazine by the name [http://www.business-today.com/btoday/index.html? Business Today]. That seemed quite interesting consequently, I thought what better than participating in this enterprise that adds knowledge that is for the world to share.

title: User:AnupMukherjee


text:
Talk:Members of the Tennis Hall of Fame (chronological)

This article contains a link to Henry Slocum, but I'm virtually certain it's not the Henry Slocum that was intended. Unfortunately, I know nothing about tennis. Perhaps somebody who's into the sport could check it out? --RoySmith 22:26, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This link seems to have been pointing to Henry Slocum (tennis player) for about a year. Suede 14:22, 17 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Looks to me like the younger Henry Warner Slocum (the tennis player) was probably the son of the elder one, who was a Union general. The dates would be about right.  And the name, Henry Warner Slocum, doesn't sound to me like one that would be very common. Hayford Peirce 16:27, 17 August 2006 (UTC)


text: User talk:130.179.16.118

title: User talk:130.179.16.118


text:
User talk:80.97.242.59

Please do not vandalize articles. The edits that were made to Anti-diabetic drug are unacceptable here. If you continue, you'll be blocked from editing. Joyous 22:27, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:80.97.242.59


text:
Talk:Tonnage

Question
Why is the term "tonnage" used to describe the capacity of refrigeration units, such as chillers used for comfort cooling in commercial buildings, etc.? Please advise. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.125.193.172 (talk) 21:09, 8 April 2008 (UTC)
 * If you go to Wiki refrigeration under the subheading Unit of refrigeration, you will find the following:
 * Domestic and commercial refrigerators may be rated in kJ/s, or Btu/h of cooling. Commercial refrigerators in North America are mostly rated in tons of refrigeration, but elsewhere in kW. One ton of refrigeration capacity can freeze one short ton of water at 0 °C (32 °F) in 24 hours. Based on that: A much less common definition is: 1 tonne of refrigeration is the rate of heat removal required to freeze a metric ton (i.e., 1000 kg) of water at 0 °C in 24 hours. Based on the heat of fusion being 333.55 kJ/kg, 1 tonne of refrigeration = 13,898 kJ/h = 3.861 kW. As can be seen, 1 tonne of refrigeration is 10% larger than 1 ton of refrigeration.
 * Tvbanfield (talk) 16:42, 29 April 2010 (UTC)

Britlish

 * A long ton measures weight. Its value is 2,240 pounds. (The common ton in use in the Imperial and U.S. systems of measurements is the short ton of 2,000 pounds.)

I don't know where the 'Imperial' in the bracketed part of the above came from but the reverse is true - the short ton is almost never used in the UK, 'ton' (and 'Imperial ton') almost always meaning the 'long' ton of 2,240lb.

 * A measurement ton measures space. Its value is 100 cubic feet.

This is the Registered Ton as used in shipping, which is why ocean liners like the Titanic and the two Queens used to be measured in Gross registered tonnage (GRT), which has nothing to do with the weight of the ship (displacement) but is the amount of space the ship has for carrying cargo, in units of 100 cubic feet. The 'registered' part of the name comes from the amount of cargo space the ship was registered at Lloyds to safely use.

Warships are measured in displacement tonnage, which is why a liner like the Queen Mary appeared to weigh more than most battleships, which of course wasn't true, as what was being measured in the liner was space not weight. :) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.111.113.204 (talk • contribs)
 * Actually RMS Queen Mary did displace nearly 80,000 tons (and also measured about 81,000 tons gross). And she therefore was heavier than the Yamato class battleships, the heaviest ever built.  But the point is correct; displacement and gross tonnage measure two different things.  And in recent years shallow draft cruise ships with large superstructures boast enormous gross tonnages on relatively modest displacements.  Kablammo 03:35, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Definitions of "ton"
I've removed the following material, because for now I can't see how it fits in (the article certainly doesn't explain):

 * A measurement ton measures space. Its value is 100 cubic feet (2.832 cubic meters).
 * A freight ton also measures space. Its value is 40 cubic feet (1.133 cubic meter).
 * A long ton measures weight. Its value is 2,240 pounds (1,016.05 kg). (This is the common ton in use in Imperial measurements; the ton of the U.S. system of measurements is the short ton of 2,000 pounds (907.18 kg).)
 * A metric ton (commonly written tonne and abbreviated t) equals 1,000 kilograms.

How should this be re-introduced (if at all)? For example, I think "measurement ton" belongs under gross/net tonnage, because one ton = 100 cubic feet in those systems (as far as I know). So where does "freight ton" come in? I think the definitions of "long ton" and "tonne" should simply be left to the long ton and tonne articles.

As for the paragraph "Gross Tonnage ... is often expressed in gross tons, measurement tons, or cubic meters." Quite apart from being absurdly circular, isn't this just totally wrong? Isn't one gross ton equal to 100 cu ft? — Johantheghost 19:27, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I've found some references, and had a go at re-doing all the above. I think freight ton belongs in ton. — Johantheghost 21:03, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

More on Tonnage
Tonnage in the modern sense is solely a measure of volume. Weight measures (such as displacement) are no longer referred to as 'tonnage'. (See Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers text books). What is required is a definition of Lightship, Deadweight and Displacement. Once I figure out how to do that I will add definitions. Currently Lightship refers you to the wrong definition - that is a ship with a navigation light on it). The weight terms lightship and deadweight are sub-parts of displacement.  Lightship is the weight of the ship and deadweight is the weight of everything it carries (ex: fuel, cargo, crew, provisions, etc.).

I rather like the idea of Wiki and hope it gets used in a constructive manner. What is required is a greater effort to reference accepted text of specific subjects to ensure Wikipedia is collecting facts and not just a lot of opinions. Jmvolc 00:51, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi, a couple of points:
 * "Tonnage in the modern sense is solely a measure of volume": how many times in how many different contexts have I seen the term "displacement tonnage"? I can't even count them.  The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers may well have its own definition of "tonnage", but even that society can't be considered definitive if the term "tonnage" is very widely used in a different way.  Wikipedia has to reflect how the world uses a word, not just one society, however learned.
 * When you deleted displacement, did you click on "what links here" (on the left) to check the articles that reference this one? I have a feeling that a number of other articles use this one to provide a definition of displacement.
 * So, at the very least, I believe that the tonnage article should mention displacement. Not because it's necessarily "correct", but because this is where people will come looking for it.  There are two ways we can do this:
 * By creating an article for "displacement", and linking to it from here. See Golden Globe, and how the article refers to the movie awards, but provides a redirect to the yacht race.  If we do this, we need to check every reference to tonnage to see if it needs to be redirected.
 * By including displacement here, noting that this is not a strictly correct usage of "tonnage".
 * I prefer the latter course, at least for now, because they really are very closely related at least. I don't think "displacement" (or "deadweight" for that matter) are large enough subjects to justify their own articles.  And it's noted under "Origins" that they have common origins.
 * So, I've done (2) for now. All comments welcome.
 * Other points:
 * The way to handle "lightship" is to put a note at the start of the lightship article pointing to the article that discusses the ship weight -- currently this article. I've done this.
 * Your point about "reference accepted text of specific subjects" is absolutely right, and that's why it's a cornerstone of Wikipedia policy -- see Verifiability. So, if you could add references for the informaton you added, that would be great.
 * Cheers, — Johan the Ghost seance 11:49, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

Here is a source for various definitions, including gross tonnage, displacement, and block coefficient (used for determining displacement): http://www.foreship.com/pdf/naterms.pdf (deadlink, but now archived here). Would this be helpful? Kablammo 03:43, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

I think we're getting there !
A few points of clarification (I hope) ...
 * I am very new to this media so please excuse my first coarse attempts at contribution
 * Tonnage is not a term used exclusively in the marine industry but that is all that is described here ... is there some way of pointing out that other industries use this term as well?
 * In the marine context, using 'tonnage' in reference to any weight or mass item is incorrect and should be noted as such. Would it not make more sense to move the section discussing the weight terms to their own entry and refer to them from here?
 * I am still too much of a neophyte to appropriate references but hopefull Johantheghost can help???

Jmvolc 01:28, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

 * OK, to respond:
 * No apologies are required for any genuine contributions, coarse or otherwise! The whole nature of any Wiki, and Wikipedia in particular, is that it's better to have people slam in changes so that other people can tidy them up, than to spend forever agonising over what is "right".
 * Non-marine uses of "tonnage": I'm not aware of any such uses, so maybe the way to start is to write a sentence or two about them, either here or in the article, and we can discuss the best way to handle them. Probably at first the way is to split this article into sections like "Maritime", "Dental", whatever... if the sections get huge, then they can be split into articles.
 * Displacement as "tonnage": the term tonnage is so frequently used to refer to weight that I really believe that this article needs to mention it. Given that "tonnage" originally did mean weight ("the eventual decision to assess dues based on a ship's deadweight..."), I think there's ample reason to include displacement in this article.  We just need to note that in modern usage, "tonnage" is strictly volumetric, and I think we've about got that covered.  An article on "displacement" would be too small to be worthwhile, I think.
 * References: if you provide references in whatever format you like, I'll be happy to tidy them up. Just stick the publication info and page numbers in the text, or whatever.
 * Cheers, — Johan the Ghost seance 15:13, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

Displacement Tonnage Calculation Error
I believe there is a math error in the article below: In the last sentence of the second paragraph; dividing by 64 results in a very small number. Multiplying seems to result in a more reasonable answer. (Dividing by 35 to get long tons seems right) 70.137.56.237 03:00, 18 May 2006 (UTC)Bobthenewbie.

Weight measurements While not "tonnage" in the proper sense, the following methods of ship measurement are often incorrectly referred to as such:

Displacement is the actual total weight of the vessel. It is often expressed in long tons or in metric tons, and is calculated simply by multiplying the volume of the hull below the waterline (ie. the volume of water it is displacing) by the density of the water. (Note that the density will depend on whether the vessel is in fresh or salt water, or is in the tropics, where water is warmer and hence less dense.) For example, in sea water, first determine the volume of the submerged portion of the hull as follows: Multiply its length by its breadth and the draft, all in feet. Then multiply the product thereby obtained by the block coefficient of the hull to get the hull volume in cubic feet. Then divide this figure by 64 (the weight of one cubic foot of seawater) to get the weight of the ship in pounds; or divide by 35 to calculate the weight in long tons.

Sorry ... its :

W = rho g V where:
 * W = weight or displacement
 * rho = density
 * g = gravity
 * V = volume

So .. with 64 lb/ft3 and 35.0 ft3/L.Ton for Sea Water ...

This means that if V is in ft3, displacement (W) is:

W(in long tons) = V / 35.0

W(in pounds) = V x 64

I have changed the article appropriately.

Thanks, Jmvolc 01:48, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Excellent, it's looking good! — Johan the Ghost seance 14:19, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Merger proposal
It seems to me that Measures of ship displacement is covering substantially the same information, and should be merged into this page. Feelings? H aus  Talk  18:45, 11 March 2008 (UTC)
 * [Oppose.] There is enough confusion as it is with the use of "Tonnage" and "Displacement". I think merging that article with this one would only further the disorientation.  I work in the marine industry and have never had anyone use the term "tonnage" in relation to displacement.  My position is that not only should the "Measures of Displacement" article not be merged, but edited to remove the terms "Lightship Tonnage", "Lightship Tonnage", etc. as well.    S olbergg  Talk  13:23, 27 March 2008 (EST)

 * [Oppose.] As a bloke with hardly a clue as to this terminology I'd have to second Solbergg. It is confusing.  Merging these articles would likely increase the confusion.  In fact, deleting Weight measurements would probably be a good idea, leave a link stating clearly that this is not what tonnage is.  The article could use a thorough tidy up.  I would but I can't make head or tail out of it.  J IM ptalk·cont 07:07, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

some questions etc.
No mention seems to have been made of "old measurement" and "new measurement" which were used to describe ships in the 19th century (perhaps just in Britain?). I agree that there has been a ridiculous number of different systems in use over the centuries!

When a book lists "registered tonnage" I assume it means gross, not net?

Some mention perhaps needs to be made of exactly which dimensions were used for which tonnage measurements.

Also, in military use, there was nominal displacement, standard displacement etc. which were designed, in one case, to hide the amount of water torpedo protection used by British ships, and so excluded internal water. These are perhaps interesting historically but I've not enough information to do them myself.

SpookyMulder (talk) 20:54, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

Stores
There has been confusion about this term in the article, with at least two incorrect wikilinks. With regard to ships, "stores" are consumable materials on board, except fuel, that have to do with the operation of the ship. Stores include drinking water, food, maintenance materials, repair parts, etc. Wikipedia doesn't seem to have an article that describes this, so the links have been bad. Lou Sander (talk) 10:57, 9 September 2009 (UTC)

Coefficients K1, K2, K3
These coefficents used in calculation of GT and NT will be calculated using the formula specified in the convention and will have some value, for eg: K1 will be between 0.22 to 0.32 depending on ship's size.

Could you advise, what does these coefficents actually mean? What exactly does it mean, when the factor say, K1 is multiplied to total volume to get GT? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 61.246.197.51 (talk) 07:08, 29 April 2010 (UTC)

Confusing terms
Tonnage is a measure of volume?? Engineers should try to use better names for their definitions, instead of introducing confusing terms. Displacement is a maeasure of weight??? Pioneers in these areas had no idea of what they were talking about...You should try to emulate mathematical definitions, which are a lot more descriptive (what the word seems to be, is what it actually means).--190.188.3.11 (talk) 14:10, 7 August 2010 (UTC)
 * OTOH maybe you should try to get a better grip on a subject, instead of pontificating about it.
 * Tonnage has always been a measure of volume; and displacement has always been a way of determining mass (since Archimedes anyway); so maybe it’s you that has no idea what they are talking about.
 * You should try reading a bit more broadly ( a dictionary, perhaps).
 * And “in mathematics what a word seems to be is what it actually is”? You’re trolling, yes? Moonraker12 (talk) 11:39, 10 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Yeah, he is. Using "mathematics" when writing about physics is a first sign. Also, all these words used in shipping are older than every mathematical word he has learned only this month. Let's hope he doesn't enter engineering. -DePiep (talk) 12:50, 10 August 2010 (UTC)

 * The 'ton' comes from this one: Tun - it was a unit of measurement of liquids such as wine and beer, which were widely transported by ship in these casks during the Middle Ages and later. The weight of a full 252 gallon tun (one filled with liquid) later gave its name to the unit of weight, the long ton. The weight of a full tun varied with what liquid was used, due to different liquids having different specific gravities, and so IIRC this 'ton' was later standardised to be the weight of a tun filled with freshwater, but I may be wrong on that.

 * Later the 'ton' came also to refer to the space taken up by the 252 gallon tun in the ship's hold, so it effectively became a measure of volume/area available for carrying other types of cargo within the ship. This later became the Register ton, based on the internal volume of the hold and of any useful deckspace, measured in multiples of 100 cubic feet.

 * And THAT is why a 'ton' can either be a weight, or a volume! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.7.147.13 (talk) 14:26, 9 November 2012 (UTC)

Medieval use of litres
yeah that does seem odd. Looking at the Tun (unit) article my guess is it was defined as "252 wine gallons" (which I guess is US gallons), and someone converted this to SI, but decided SI should be the primary unit displayed. I think it should say something like "Historically, tonnage was the tax on tuns (casks) of wine by King Edward I that held 252 wine gallons (954 litres) of wine". It would be nice if we had a source so we don't have to apply guesswork and OR. GA-RT-22 (talk) 21:14, 2 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Would Richard I have been using US gallons? Dondervogel 2 (talk) 21:27, 2 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes but he would have called them wine gallons, not US gallons. The US never adopted all the other gallons, just the wine gallon, and since they only had one they just called it the gallon. When the UK switched to imperial gallons around 1820, the US kept the wine gallon. GA-RT-22 (talk) 01:58, 3 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Interesting. Than you for explaining (it wasn't clear to me from the article). Once we find a suitable source, perhaps we can clarify that point too. Dondervogel 2 (talk) 07:04, 3 October 2022 (UTC)

Sections
There's no need to get huffy. My only objection was that "Gross register tonnage" and "Net register tonnage" don't belong in the "Current maritime units" section, because they're not currently used. I'm happy with the way you've got it organized now. Please try to assume good faith. GA-RT-22 (talk)
 * Nope. You're the one getting huffy here, taking things personally, and forgetting to assume good faith. Literally my comment was solely about the poor organization created and alternatives for how to deal with it. You had baldly stated that your changes were to reflect that the moved units were solely historical but left a current measurement in the section you moved, etc. — Llywelyn II   01:59, 28 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tonnage


text:
William Slater Brown

William Slater Brown (November 13, 1896 – June 22, 1997) was an American novelist, biographer, and translator of French literature. Most notably, he was a friend of the poet E. E. Cummings and is best known as the character "B." in Cumming's 1922 memoir/novel The Enormous Room.

His books, published under the name Slater Brown, include the novel The Burning Wheel (1943); Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys (1956), a biography for children; and The Heyday of Spiritualism (1970), a study of the 19th-century interest in parapsychology and the occult.

Early life
Brown was born to the physician Frederick Augustus Brown and Katharine Slater in the town of Webster, Massachusetts. His great-great grandfather, businessman Samuel Slater, was the chief founder of Webster and is credited with beginning the industrial revolution in the United States with the opening of  a textile mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island in 1790. Early family wealth disappeared through a series of misfortunes, and Brown and his younger siblings, Fritz, Joyce and Kitty, grew up in relative poverty. From the age of 16, while living with cousins in Boston, the rebellious Brown adopted a life and world philosophy at odds to that of his parents, and he undertook a process of self-discovery that led him to a failed enrollment at Columbia School of Journalism.

World War I
Brown volunteered to serve in the Norton-Harjes Ambulance Corps in early 1917. En route to France aboard the SS La Touraine he met E.E. Cummings. Due to an organizational mix-up, the two spent five weeks together in Paris before assigned to an ambulance unit, during which time they became close friends.

In September 1917 Brown and Cummings were arrested on suspicion of espionage and were imprisoned at the La Ferté-Macé detention camp, Orne, Normandy. Cummings was released in December 1917 after intervention from his father; however, Brown was not released at the same time, and in fact was transferred at that time to a prison in Précigné. Brown was not able to secure his release for three additional months, after which he sailed for New York, where he reunited with Cummings.

Later life
Brown later became part of the bohemian circle of artists and writers in Greenwich Village, New York, contributing articles and reviews to magazines and journals such as The New Masses and The Dial. These years were marked by his struggle with alcoholism which he finally overcame in 1947.

During this time he married Susan Jenkins, who was part of the Provincetown Players group, and they had one son, Gwilym Slater Brown (1928–1974). His daughter, Rachel Brown, was born to Esther Rosenberg in 1936. In 1957 he married Mary James (died 1987), the granddaughter of Robertson James and grandniece of Henry James. They resided in Rockport, Massachusetts. William Slater Brown died at age 100 in 1997.

title: William Slater Brown


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Ingvar the Far-Travelled

Ingvar the Far-Travelled (Old Norse: Yngvarr víðfǫrli, Swedish: Ingvar Vittfarne) was a Swedish Viking who led an expedition that fought in the Kingdom of Georgia.

The Rus' undertook several Caspian expeditions in the course of the 10th century. The Yngvars saga víðförla describes the last Viking campaign in the Caspian in 1041, embellishing the historical facts with a great deal of legend. The expedition probably aimed to reopen old trade-routes after the Volga Bulgars and the Khazars no longer proved obstacles. Ingvar the Far-Travelled launched this expedition from Sweden, travelling down the Volga River into the land of the Saracens (Serkland). While there, the Vikings apparently took part in the 1042 Battle of Sasireti between the Georgians and Byzantines.

No less than twenty-six Ingvar runestones – twenty-four of them in the Lake Mälaren region of Uppland in Sweden – refer to Swedish warriors who went out with Ingvar on his expedition to the Saracen lands. A stone to Ingvar's brother indicates that he went east for gold but died in Saracen land.

Origin
There are three theories on Ingvar's origin. According to one theory, prominently held by Otto von Friesen and Elena Mel'nikova, Ingvar's saga has transmitted his origin correctly, and so he was the son of the Varangian Eymundr, who in turn was the son of a Swedish chieftain named Áki and the daughter of the Swedish king Eric the Victorious.

A second theory suggests that Ingvar was the son of a Swedish prince named Eymundr, who would have been the son of Eric the Victorious and the brother of Olof Skötkonung. The existence of this prince Eymundr has been suggested by Lauritz Weibull (1911) and J. Svennung (1966). The theory is based on a re-evaluation of the age of the Ingvar runestones, proposed by Elias Wessén and Sune Lindquist, which suggests that the Ingvar runestones were carved earlier in the 11th century than previously believed.

According to a third theory, proposed by F. Braun, and which is based on the runestones U 513, U 540, Sö 179, and Sö 279, Ingvar was the son of the Swedish king Emund the Old and the grandson of Olof Skötkonung. Emund the Old would have had two wives, Tola and Ragnhildr. Tola would have been the mother of Haraldr of Sö 179, and Ragnhildr would have been the mother of Önundr, Eiríkr, Ragnarr, and Hákon of runestones U 513 and U 540. Önundr would be Anund Gårdske, who was raised in Russia, Eirík would be one of the two pretenders named Eric, Hákon would be Håkan the Red, and Ingvar would be Ingvar the Far-Travelled.

Ingvar's origin was, however, debated as early as the saga writers, or to put it in the words of Oddr Snorrason:
 * We do know that there are some saga tellers who say that Yngvarr was the son of [King] Önundr Óláfsson [d. 1060], because they think that it would be more honorable for him to be a king's son. And [they say that] Önundr would gladly give up all his realm if he had been allowed to bargain for Yngvarr's life, because all the chiefs in Sweden would gladly have had him [Yngvarr] as king over them.

Expedition
It is possible that it was King Anund Jakob or his brother and successor Emund the Old who mustered the Swedish leidang.

The participants were evenly distributed along the husbys, and 24 of the 26 Ingvar runestones were from Sweden (in the contemporary sense, i.e. Svealand) and the remaining two from the Geatish district of Östergötland. The folkland of Attundaland did not take part and this was probably done on purpose in order to keep a defensive army in Sweden while the main force was away.

Anund Jacob was the brother of Ingegerd Olofsdotter, who was married to Yaroslav I of Novgorod and who conquered Kiev in 1019 from his brother Sviatopolk. This was done with the help of the Varangians, and according to Ingvar's saga, they were led by Ingvar's father Eymund.

In 1030, he had visited Ani, the capital of the Armenian Kingdom. Later Yaroslav had trouble with the Pechenegs, a nomad tribe. The expedition stayed for a few years in Kiev fighting against the Pechenegs, then in 1042 continued to the Black Sea and the Christian country Särkland ("Land of the Saracens", which here meant Georgia), where they took part in the Battle of Sasireti along with the Georgian Royal Army against Georgian rebels and Byzantine auxiliaries.

Aftermath
According to the legendary saga about Ingvar, only one ship returned. The 26 remaining runestones testify to this, as not one mentions a surviving combatant. The most common phrases are similar to the one on the Gripsholm Runestone:

They died in the East, in Serkland.

Adam of Bremen considered the disaster to be a punishment for the king's rejection of bishop Alvard of Bremen and his electing his bishop, Osmundus, instead. Larsson suggests that the expedition was partly decimated by combat and that the saga's description of them being ravished by disease is a realistic scenario.

Yngvars according to the saga had a son Svein. Svein also gathered a large armada of Swedish ships and sailed to Kievan Rus. Svein asked the East Slavic queen to have a church dedicated to his father Yngvar and declare Yngvar a saint. The Russian queen, however, declined and said only people performing miracles could be called a saint. Then Svein said that his father had god in his heart and served him his entire life and said that should be enough for sainthood. The Gårdariki queen then let the Swedes call this local church Yngvars church. However, he was not declared a saint. Svein married a local girl and settled down in Russia as a noble or king. Sven told before the marriage he could not marry a heathen girl. The Swedish priest did not speak East Slavic so Sven had to use an interpreter for her conversion ceremony and his marriage. The girl thought that Sven had beautiful eyes and wanted to kiss Sweyn. She however had to wait for the marriage ceremony and conversion ceremony until she could kiss him.

His expeditions into Russia went better after killing heathens and converting heathens his host of Swedish soldiers decided to settle down. Svein troops engaged in many wars in Kievan Rus against heathen nations and helped the Grand Prince of Kiev several times. After a long time, he arrived in his old homeland. He was treated as a hero when he arrived. With many Swedes admiring Svein. He and his men also apparently killed a dragon. They told so in the Swedish court.

Many Swedes even wanted Yngvars son Svein to be the next king of Sweden. He refused however his large host of soldiers decided to settle down in Kievan Rus' since the climate was more fruitful and the Swedish lands were barren and cold. Kettil the source of the saga said farewell to Sven. The last time he saw Sven he was sailing down the rivers of Russia. While Kettil returned to Iceland and told the tale.

title: Ingvar the Far-Travelled


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Talk:Carlton Street

VfD archived discussion
Votes for deletion/Carlton Street Jinian 22:32, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Carlton Street


text:
Talk:Ahurei

Untitled
Ahurei is near the antipodes of Jerusalem, Israel. Hmmm. 204.52.215.107 22:33, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

And the antipodes of Jerusalem was supposed to be the site of Purgatory in Dante's Purgatorio. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.192.202.148 (talk) 17:19, 18 February 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ahurei


text:
Talk:The Rules of Attraction

Comments
This is not related to the article about the book, but to the book. I just got a copy of it from the library, and I believe there are some pages missing in the beginning. It starts in the middle of a sentence: and it's a story that might bore you but you don't have to listen, she told me, because she always knew it was going to be like that, and it was, she thinks, her first year, or, actually weekend, really a Friday, in September, at Camden,... since I know Ellis has used incomplete sentences in later works (e.g. in American Psycho), I am not certain this actually is a missing page, but I guess someone here has the book and can inform me about it. Ellipse 22:33, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It's a good thing you pointed this out, because I forgot to add it to the article. The book begins with only a partial sentence, which Ellis did on purpose. The point is to bring the reader in in the middle of the action, rather than the beginning. -- LGagnon 22:39, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the quick reply (Wikipedia never seems to stop amazing me by quick replies/updates). I was actually able to use Amazon's Look Inside service to find out before I saw your reply, but thanks anyway.Ellipse 13:01, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

One thing I simply can't understand in this book is how Paul and Sean both mistake the "phantom female" whom kills herself, and is leaving notes in Bateman's mailbox for Lauren. I mean Sean seems to have prior knowledge of Lauren and there is a number of rather unsubtle hints that Paul and Lauren had a (however brief) relationship. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.67.117.209 (talk) 22:05, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

Secret History
"The protagonists of Donna Tartt's 1992 novel The Secret History are referenced by 'Stuart'" How can they be referenced if this book was published in 1987? Is it just a coincidence? -Fetology 21:31, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Sounds suspect. I'm removing it until someone can give a reference to prove it. -- LGagnon 21:41, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

Bret and Donna Tartt were in the same workshop together at Bennington in 1985, or earlier, and they vowed to write about Bennington by calling it Camden College. Maybe Donna wrote about those characters back then and they made a similar vow to publish thinly intertwining narratives. - Joe, March 27th 2007

Deletion
Before we start a pointless revert war, can someone explain why that text had to be deleted? The summary box exists so that things like this won't happened. -- LGagnon 17:33, 11 June 2006 (UTC)

Expand?
Hey, i've never edited wikipedia before, and dont really know what im doing. But considering (IMO) the book is much much better than then film, does there deserve to be more info about the book than the film other than charater overview? More on plot, analysis, etc.

Could somebody but a stub or expand tag on the page? Thanks. =D

70.238.246.3 05:00, 25 December 2006 (UTC)Charlie

Worst wiki article ever?
Seriously, someone needs to do a re-write. I've only read the book once, so couldn't possibly ;-) but this article is POV, contains original research, is largely unsourced and is about as encyclopedic as....something very unencyclopedic. Sort it out!! 82.19.66.37 20:36, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

Characters: Lauren Hynde
From the article's 'characters' section: "At the beginning of the novel, it is revealed that Lauren lost her virginity at a party during her freshman year at Camden, where she got so intoxicated that she passed out in bed with another student only to awaken and find herself being raped by a pair of townies."

It is not at all clear that this happened to Lauren. This story is told by an unnamed person, to an unnamed narrator. With the exception of its beginning, all of the chapters in the book start with their narrator's name. The book begins partway through a sentence, and therefore the narrator of this first chapter remains anonymous. The narrator contributes little more than the words "… she told me …" in the first line. Otherwise the chapter could almost read as a third person account (similar to the beginning of Ellis' American Psycho, where Tim Price is introduced in such a way that he initially appears almost the third person subject of the book, and it is a while before Patrick Bateman comes to the fore as the first person narrator).

Given the 'endless cycle' interpretation referenced in the 'plot summary' section, it seems plausible that the narrator is in fact Sean, and the story is the hitchhiker's from the end of the book (which finishes mid-sentence) simply carrying on back into the beginning. Sean comments toward the end of the last chapter, "She started telling me her life story, which wasn’t very interesting …". This potentially refers back to the opening line of the book, "and it’s a story that might bore you but you don’t have to listen …".

Skimming back over the novel now I cannot find anything later in it that implies that the opening story is Lauren's. I might have missed something though—can anyone else spot something that does? The film adaptation portrays the events has happening to Lauren, but its plot is significantly different from the book's.

Dr.Jamf (talk) 13:09, 26 June 2013 (UTC)

Okay, so I was wrong, ignore the above. I reread the book a month or so ago and found the following line in Lauren's second to last chapter:

''“I screwed him,” I tell Franklin. It’s the townie I lost my virginity to.''

Dr.Jamf (talk) 13:19, 4 May 2014 (UTC)

Community Page on Facebook has wrong cover image
The Community page for "The Rules of Attraction" on Facebook (which includes the Wiki article) is showing a different cover by a different author of the similarly titled "Rules of Attraction." I'd fix this myself, but I'm not sure how. This doesn't directly involve Wikipedia but I thought it might be an issue since the article is generating the wrong image for that site, which may indicate a problem. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.117.164.111 (talk) 03:39, 18 December 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Rules of Attraction


text:
Talk:Solicitor-General for Ireland

Untitled
I checked the primary legislation. It would appear that both the SG for I and AG for I should be written as Solicitor-General and Attorney-General. Ditto with the Free State AG. But the modern AG is dashless! Fear ÉIREANN 22:33, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

QUESTION: What was the difference between the Chief Crown Solicitor for Ireland and the Solicitor-General for Ireland. They appear not to have been the same office as persons such as Sir Malacy Kelly were CCSIs and are not listed on the list of SGIs...Many thanks. Regards. Redking7 (talk) 23:28, 22 January 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Solicitor-General for Ireland


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HNLMS Kortenaer (1927)

HNLMS Kortenaer (Hr.Ms. Kortenaer) was an Admiralen-class destroyer of the Royal Netherlands Navy, named after 17th century Dutch Admiral Egbert Bartholomeusz Kortenaer.

Design
In the mid-1920s, the Netherlands placed orders for four new destroyers to be deployed to the East Indies. They were built in Dutch shipyards to a design by the British Yarrow Shipbuilders, which was based on the destroyer HMS Ambuscade (D38), which Yarrow had designed and built for the British Royal Navy.

The ship's main gun armament was four 12 cm guns built by the Swedish company Bofors, mounted two forward and two aft, with two 75 mm anti-aircraft guns mounted amidships. Four 12.7 mm machine guns provided close-in anti-aircraft defence. The ship's torpedo armament comprised six 533 mm torpedo tubes in two triple mounts, while 24 mines could also be carried. To aid search operations, the ship carried a Fokker C.VII-W floatplane on a platform over the aft torpedo tubes, which was lowered to the sea by a crane for flight operations.

Being a destroyer, Kortenaer was unarmored, and she was capable of 36 knots, and could traverse 5,900 km (3,666 miles) cruising at 15 knots.

Service history
The ship was laid down on 24 August 1925, at the Burgerhout's Scheepswerf en Machinefabriek, in Rotterdam, and launched on 30 June 1927. The ship was commissioned on 3 September 1928.

On 11 June 1929, a detachment of marines was sent on Kortenaer to Curaçao, after Venezuelan rebels, led by Rafael Simón Urbina, had raided Fort Amsterdam, in Willemstad, on 8 June.

World War II
In 1940, she and her sister HNLMS Van Ghent (1926) guarded five German cargo ships. The ships were relieved by the cruiser HNLMS Java (1921) on 26 April 1940.

She served mostly in the Netherlands East Indies, and when war broke out in 1941, she was at Surabaya.

She took part in Battle of Badung Strait on 18–20 February 1942, where she ran aground on one of the channel shores after temporarily losing rudder control. It was impossible for the Dutch ship to return to the formation, and they had to wait for the next morning tide to free the ship. Kortenaer was sent to Surabaya for repairs.

Battle of the Java Sea
Main Article: Battle of the Java Sea

She was back in action in time for the Battle of the Java Sea on 27 February 1942, where she played a small role, firing on the Japanese fleet but to no use.

However, Kortenaer was then cemented in history as she was on the receiving end of the longest-ranged torpedo hit in history. At a distance of 22,000 yd, the Japanese heavy cruiser JAPANESE CRUISER Haguro, which had just crippled the heavy cruiser HMS Exeter (68) with gunfire, fired a spread of eight 61 cm (24 inch) Type 93 torpedoes, one of which hit Kortenaer. Haguro would later sink a fellow Dutch warship, the light cruiser HNLMS De Ruyter (1935), with another torpedo hit during the engagement.

Alexander Sharp, the commanding officer, of the nearby United States Navy destroyer USS John D. Edwards (DD-216), recorded that "Kortenaer, about 700 yd bearing 80° relative, was struck on the starboard quarter by a torpedo, blew up, turned over, and sank at once leaving only a jackknifed bow and stern a few feet above the surface." The Royal Navy destroyer HMS Encounter (H10) rescued 113 men from the total of 153, including Lieutenant Commander A. Kroese, and took them to Surabaya.

Wreck
Over 100 ships and submarines of various countries sank during the war in the seas around Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia, and many are designated as war graves. There is known to have been illegal scavenging of the wrecks, often using explosives. The wreck of Kortenaer was discovered by specialist wreck divers in August 2004. The wrecks of HNLMS De Ruyter (1935) and HNLMS Java (1921) had been discovered by the same group in December 2002. In 2016, it was discovered that the wrecks of De Ruyter and Java, and much of Kortenaer had disappeared from the seabed, although their imprints on the ocean floor remained. The Netherlands Defence Ministry suggested that De Ruyter, Java, and Kortenaer may have been illegally salvaged. In February 2017, a report was issued confirming the location and condition of the three wrecks.

title: HNLMS Kortenaer (1927)


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Bois Caïman

Bois kay Iman (Bwa Kay Iman) was the site of the first major meeting of enslaved blacks during which the first major slave insurrection of the Haitian Revolution was planned.

Role during the Haitian Revolution
Before the Bois Caiman ceremony, Vodou rituals were seen as an event of social gathering where enslaved Africans had the ability to organize. These meetings and opportunities to organize were considered harmless by white slave owners, therefore, they were permitted. It is also argued that Vodou created a more homogeneous black culture in Haiti.

On the night of August 14, 1791, representative slaves from nearby plantations gathered to participate in a secret ceremony conducted in the woods by nearby Le Cap in the French colony of Saint-Domingue. The ceremony was presided over by Dutty Boukman, a prominent enslaved African leader and Houngan, and Cécile Fatiman, a mambo. A witness described the presence of 200 enslaved Africans at the event. The ceremony served as both a religious ritual and strategic meeting as enslaved Africans met and planned a revolt against their ruling white enslavers of the colony's wealthy Northern Plain. The ceremony is considered the official beginning of the Haitian Revolution.

Participants of the Bois Caiman ceremony were inspired to revolt against their white oppressors due to their promise to the mysterious woman who appeared during the ceremony. The African woman figure had declared Boukman the “Supreme Chief” of the rebellion. In the following days, the whole Northern Plain was in flames, as the revolutionaries fought against the whites who had enslaved them. To reduce the social disorder of the rebellion, the French captured Boukman and beheaded him. The French then displayed his head on Cap’s square to prove his mortality and French power.

Clouded in mystery, many accounts of the catalytic ceremony and its particular details have varied. There are no known first-hand written accounts about what took place that night. It was first documented in the white colonist Antoine Dalmas's "History of the Saint-Domingue Revolution", published in 1814.

The Haitian writer Herard Dumesle visited the region and took oral testimonies in order to write his account of the ceremony. He recorded what is thought to be the earliest version of the Bois Caïman speech made by Dutty Boukman. Translated, it reads: "…This God who made the sun, who brings us light from above, who raises the sea, and who makes the storm rumble. That God is there, do you understand? Hiding in a cloud, He watches us, he sees all that the whites do! The God of the whites pushes them to crime, but he wants us to do good deeds. But the God who is so good orders us to vengeance. He will direct our hands, and give us help. Throw away the image of the God of the whites who thirsts for our tears. Listen to the liberty that speaks in all our hearts. "This excerpt from the official "History of Haiti and the Haitian Revolution" serves as a general summary of the ceremonial events that occurred:

''A man named Boukman, another houngan, organized on August 24, 1791, a meeting with the slaves in the mountains of the North. This meeting took the form of a Voodoo ceremony in the Bois Caïman in the northern mountains of the island. It was raining and the sky was raging with clouds; the slaves then started confessing their resentment of their condition. A woman started dancing languorously in the crowd, taken by the spirits of the loas. With a knife in her hand, she cut the throat of a pig and distributed the blood to all the participants of the meeting who swore to kill all the whites on the island.''

Despite purported facts and embellishments that have dramatized the ceremony over the centuries, the most reoccurring anecdote is the sacrifice of a black Creole Pig to Ezili Dantor by the mambo Cécile Fatiman and the pact formed through its blood. Dalmas provided the very first written account of the sacrifice:"A black pig, surrounded by the slaves believe to have magical powers, each carrying the most bizarre offering, was offered as a sacrifice to the all-powerful spirit...The religious community in which the nègres slit its throat, the greed with which they have believed to have marked themselves on the forehead with its blood, the importance that they attached to owning some of its bristles which they believed would make them invincible. "Critics offers the theory that the ceremony never occurred at all. Dr. Leon-Francois Hoffmannn theorizes that the event simply had motivational and unitary roles to politically gather allies throughout Haiti. Where Hoffmannn found the narrative to have a strong impact on shaping the motivations of those involved in the revolution, Hoffmannn feels there is no factual bias for the event occurring.

The black Creole Pig was a sacrifice to and a symbol of Ezili Dantor, the mother of Haiti (who resembles the scarred Dahomey Amazons or Mino, meaning "Our Mothers" in the Fon language). It was a mixing of the traditions of the army of the Dahomey, which was the ethnicity of many of the enslaved Africans in Saint Domingue with the Taino, who had fled to the high mountains of Haiti (Haiti meaning high mountains in Taino) in order to escape the Spanish.

Significance and legacy
The Bois Caïman ceremony has often been used as a source of inspiration to nationalists and as a symbol of resistance to oppression.

In pop culture, Bois Caiman has been referenced in music and other artistic works as a symbol of resistance and unity. In the 1970s, Roots Music has referred to the Bois Caiman event as a parallel to resisting the Duvalier totalitarian regime like their ancestors.

Due to the influx of American Protestants in Haiti during the 1990s, some neo-evangelical Christians recontextualized the events at Bois Caïman as a Haitian "blood pact with Satan" They were influenced by "spiritual warfare" theology and concerned that the Aristide government had made efforts to incorporate the Vodou sector more fully into the political process. These Evangelicals developed a reinterpretation of the official national story. In this narrative, the ancestral spirits at the Vodou cemetery were seen as demons. In their view, the engagement with demons amounted to a pact that put Haiti under the rule of Satan. While some Haitian Evangelicals subscribe to this idea, most Haitian nationalists vehemently oppose it. This belief was referenced by Christian media personality Pat Robertson in his controversial comments during the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Robertson declared the Haitian people "have been cursed by one thing after the other" since the 18th century after swearing "a pact to the devil". Robertson's comments were denounced.

title: Bois Caïman


text: User talk:68.52.115.151

title: User talk:68.52.115.151


text:
Talk:Jiří Čeřovský

Untitled

 * For a previous deletion debate on this article, see Votes for deletion/Jiri Cerovsky.

Seems like a vanity and propaganda page covering a person, whose notability is still a bit questionable. The alleged sport success claims definitely need to be improved to at least name the sport in question. Oneliner 22:34, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Cerovsky is mayor of Jablonec, city about 40 thousands for over decade. The sport is mentioned in the biography PDF, w/o giving more details. I actually agree that local Czech politicians are not notable enough on English Wikipedia (because such articles are un-maintainable). Pavel Vozenilek 17:58, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jiří Čeřovský