text:
Ugly Duckling (hip hop group)

Ugly Duckling is an American hip hop group that formed around 1993. Ugly Duckling's members include Dizzy Dustin (Dustin McFarland), Young Einstein (Rodney Pleasant Jr.) and Andy Cooper. The band decided to take the name Ugly Duckling because they felt like outcasts in the hip hop scene of the mid-1990s. According to the book How to Rap: the Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC, it is one of the most prominent underground hip hop groups.

History
Each of the member of the group. Dizzy, Einstein and Andy met each other through mutual friends and eventually began creating and performing music together.

In 1995, the group self-released its first album Down The Road on cassette, which was sent as promo copies to radio stations and began to build a local following. The original promos came from a rainbow pack of tapes and differ in color. In 1998, they independently released their debut 12 single "Fresh Mode" on their own Special Records imprint which was licensed and eventually distributed worldwide and led to the band getting its first record deal with 1500/A&M/Universal.

Musical style
The group's style is primarily a throwback to the kind of hip hop popular in the late 1980s and early ’90s. It uses samples (particularly drum breaks and loops) as the foundation of most tracks, whereas many modern artists have given up sampling in favor of synthesized sounds and drum-machine beats. The two MCs, Andy and Dizzy, frequently alternate lyrics and often punctuate each others lines, reminiscent of early groups like Double Trouble, The Treacherous Three and Beastie Boys. Ugly Duckling is known for humorous and intelligent lyrics, "lampooning the excesses of modern hip hop", such as its obsession with sex and materialism.

In live shows, the group's DJ Young Einstein employs complex scratching routines with vinyl instrumental records to provide the musical backdrop for the rappers unlike many modern hip hop groups who work from digital media. Einstein is also the owner of the group's unofficial mascot, the dookie gold rope, which is the subject of the song "Eye on the Gold Chain" and is worn by Einstein during live performances. They have performed in more than 30 countries including Canada, Australia, China, Japan, Korea, Poland, the United Kingdom, and Scandinavia.

Ugly Duckling's music songs often incorporate themes such as love, forgiveness, and rejection of worldly values. Some songs include lyrics pertaining to the biblical end times while others express fondness for simple pleasures such as sleep and food. They frequently use language reminiscent of early hip hop hyperbole, where the primary goal of lyrics was to brag and self promote in an exaggerated and often humorous fashion.

Influences
Ugly Duckling is influenced by a variety of artists including everything from old school hip hop groups to golden age hip hop artists. Their influences include groups like Run-DMC, Eric B. & Rakim, EPMD, and the Native Tongues groups A Tribe Called Quest, De La Soul, and Jungle Brothers. Other influences include Boogie Down Productions, Public Enemy, Brand Nubian (whose member Grand Puba appeared on UD’s 2003 track Something’s Going Down Tonight) and countless others who were prominent during the development of early hip hop. The Ugly Duckling song "Do You Know What I'm Sayin," from the 1999 release Fresh Mode, is made up entirely of lines and phrases from classic hip hop songs strung together in homage to some of their favorite tracks and artists.

Appearances in media
Their song "Smack" is featured in Tony Hawk's Project 8 and also on skater Paul Rodriguez Jr.'s Footage soundtrack. "Get on This" is featured in the movie Boiler Room, "Turn It Up" is featured in the movie Eurotrip, and "Something's Going Down Tonight" was featured in the kayaking film Means Of Production as well as the movie Drillbit Taylor.

Ugly Duckling provides the intro music for Australian radio duo Hamish and Andy. In February 2015, "Smack" was used as the trailer music for Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway on British TV channel ITV.

The group's music featured extensively in the BBC sitcom Ideal. Their song "Just A Little Samba" is featured in an advertisement for Visa shown in several European countries (UK, Germany, Sweden, etc.) during the 2014 World Cup football world championship.

The song "Einstein Do It" is used in the preview trailer for the 2021 game Riders Republic.

The songs “Audacity, Pts 1 & 2”, “Bang for the Buck”, “Left Behind”, “Lower the Boom”, and “Oh Yeah” were also featured on the in-game soundtrack for the game Riders Republic.

Albums

 * Journey to Anywhere (1500/A&M/Universal Records, 2001)
 * Taste the Secret (Emperor Norton/Rykodisc Records, 2003)
 * Combo Meal: Taste The Secret/The Leftovers EP (Emperor Norton/Rykodisc, 2004)
 * Bang for the Buck (Fat Beats, 11 April 2006)
 * The Best Of (Handcuts, 2006)
 * Audacity (Fat Beats Records, 2009)
 * Moving at Breakneck Speed (Special Records, 2011)

EPs

 * Fresh Mode (originally released on Bad Magic Records, 20 April 1999, Cat. No: MAGICCD1. Re-released on 1500/A&M/Interscope/Universal Records)
 * The Leftovers EP (Earshot, 2003)

Singles

 * "Fresh Mode" (Special Records, 1998)
 * "Everybody, C'mon" (1500/A&M/Interscope/Universal Records, 1999)
 * "Now Who's Laughin'" (1500/A&M/Interscope/Universal Records, 1999)
 * "I Did it Like This" (XL Recordings & Emperor Norton/Rykodisc, 2000)
 * "A Little Samba" (XL Recordings and Emperor Norton/Rykodisc, 2001) #70 UK
 * "A Little Samba" (remixes) (XL Recordings and Emperor Norton/Rykodisc, 2001)
 * "Eye on the Gold Chain" (XL Recordings and Emperor Norton/Rykodisc, 2001)
 * "Eye on the Gold Chain" (remixes) (XL Recordings, 2001)
 * "Dumb it Down" (Emperor Norton/Rykodisc Records, 2003)
 * "Pass it On" (Emperor Norton/Rykodisc Records, 2003)
 * "Rio de Janeiro" (Emperor Norton/Rykodisc Records, 2003)
 * "Turn it Up" (Emperor Norton/Rykodisc Records, 2003)
 * "Get Ready" (2004)
 * "Yudee!" (Fat Beats, 2005)
 * "Smack" (Fat Beats, 2006)
 * "Left Behind" (Fat Beats, 2006)
 * "Left Behind" (Wichita Mix) (Fat Beats, 2006)

title: Ugly Duckling (hip hop group)


text:
Category:Poker hands

These articles related to the value and evaluation of hands in the card game of poker.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Poker hands


text:
User:HaukeZuehl~enwiki

Hello all :)

Some facts about me:

My hobbies:

 * Linux
 * Wikipedia

Some links:

 * Tuxfutter.de
 * www.zuehl.org
 * My private server

de:Benutzer:HaukeZuehl

title: User:HaukeZuehl~enwiki


text:
User talk:Clipartfan

Mary Willing Byrd
...has been kept. I hope this reassures you about our procedures. Gazpacho 11:38, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

DeVry
May I suggest a user box for you. (add your campus name). You'll also get put into the Category:Wikipedians by alma mater: DeVry University--ARTEST4ECHO talk 20:48, 23 April 2010 (UTC)

Nomination of Mary Willing Byrd for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Mary Willing Byrd is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Mary Willing Byrd& until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. ...William, is the complaint department really on the roof? 11:28, 9 July 2016 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Bruce Milne

The article Bruce Milne has been proposed for deletion because it appears to have no references. Under Wikipedia policy, this biography of a living person will be deleted after seven days unless it has at least one reference to a reliable source that directly supports material in the article.

If you created the article, please don't be offended. Instead, consider improving the article. For help on inserting references, see Referencing for beginners, or ask at the help desk. Once you have provided at least one reliable source, you may remove the prod blp/dated tag. Please do not remove the tag unless the article is sourced. If you cannot provide such a source within seven days, the article may be deleted, but you can when you are ready to add one. MT Train Talk 14:49, 16 June 2018 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Bruce Milne

A tag has been placed on Bruce Milne, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, group, product, service, person, or point of view and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become encyclopedic. Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Organizations for more information.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the. Atlantic306 (talk) 14:55, 23 June 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:Clipartfan


text:
Talk:Complex (psychology)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): CamdenAl.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 18:13, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Comment
When one searches for the word complex, they come to this article; so would it be worth refering them to complexity? Paul Carpenter 13:36, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Devil's Advocate Complex
Scrybe

I wish to have a debate about the Devil's Advocate Complex; I feel as though I oppose anything a person (in particular) believes in to "help them become openminded." For instance, my friend Alicia believes that if I challenge every belief (and to the extreme, try to erradicate it in the person, or even try to "destroy" the person) I go against God. I tried to explain that I do NOT go against God, and she's kept this defense that "technically we are a part of God, so I go against him." I asked her did she really belive this, and she said yes. I told her to remember that in Genesis, "So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them."[ Genesis 1:27] and that 7"...the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living being." [Genesis 2:7]

—Preceding unsigned comment added by Scrybe (talk • contribs)

citation cleanup
This article contains many citations that do not subsequently appear in the references (e.g., Daniels 2003). I don't want to eliminate them; I'd rather the original author (or someone who is familiar with the citations) to add the references...PStrait (talk) 01:42, 21 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Good thinking PStrait, but if you check the History, you see that for instance Daniels was added more than two years ago. So unless you find out who added these citations and unless they are still active editors, I think the chances are very low that someone will convert them to proper inline sources.  Lova Falk     talk   05:35, 3 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Sadly "Dewey, 2007" appears to be Human Nature and Conduct: An Introduction to Social Psychology By John Dewey as if someone used they college introduction to psychology text as the primary reference. I've been leaving the mess in place and just searching on phrases used in the article to locate books, probably the ones the phrases came from, and citing them.96.26.79.253 (talk) 11:28, 1 October 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Complex (psychology)


text:
Talk:National University of Sciences & Technology

Language Neutrality
one of the new generations of Pakistani universities with a progressive and innovative outlook -- That is a point of view, cite facts. gren 11:39, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The university is envisaged to grow as a modern centre of excellence for research and development in the fields of sciences and technology -- Envisaged by whom? Could they learn punctuation?

The essence underlying the foundation of NUST revolves around spectral combination of engineering, information technology (IT), medical and management sciences with higher academic quality and spirit of excellence epitomizing its cherished objectives. This is Gibberish of an extremely high order.

Well as to the first part, NUST finds its roots in EME which was established by Ayyub Khan to replace "outdated universities" like UET. All its campuses were developed with the same thing in mind.

For the second argument, The University was the first to be ISO-Qualified in Pakistan which only now has been made a mandatory requirement for all universities. It was the first to introduce mechatronics. It owns the best digital signal labs in Pakistan. the only university to have Radars. And has one of the lowest student to teacher ratio in Pakistan. Thats why Newsweeek ranked it as the number one university in Pakistan. Quite clearly, this is proof that it is leading all other universities in Pakistan.

"The best digital labs" in pakistan? I doubt that, what about GIKI? Also, was it newsweek that ranked or was it [|Asiaweek]? As you can see (under Pakistan) GIKI was named on top, but I agree more facts needed and lesser rhetroric and POVs. --Nashadelic 12:49, 30 July 2005 (UTC)

i'm sorry. it was asiaweek; here is the link; http://www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/features/universities2000/scitech/sci.overall.html

u can see nust at no. 20 while GIKI is at 23. ur link is not working GIKI is best institute as compare with NUST.Giki have better lab as coompare with Nust.Most of creame student in pakistan jion Giki.Nust has alot of support from Govt side but Giki has very little but any how is is best.

Language neutrality, POV bias
I'd like to recommend that this article be edited to reduce a distinct bias in language and a deviation from the Wikipedia NPOV policy. As such, I've decided to tag it for now. Should other members feel that the problem has been resolved, the tag can be removed. I see the article as being highly opinionated rather than being factual. --Paradoxicalengineer 23:56, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

 * You tagged it as Autobiography, which is not appropriate for NPOV. I have replaced it with NPOV tag. -- S M S  Talk 09:32, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

WP:UNI Reassessment Results
The article has much improved since its initial assessment. However, there are several points that this article should improve on. First of all, please make sure that the article conforms to the basic university article structure, specified in WP:UNIGUIDE. In addition, please make the following changes for the next reassessment.
 * ✅In lead section, information technology does not require "(IT)" next to it.
 * ✅History section should never be in basic tables as a timeline, I've tagged the section with prose.
 * ✅Academic Divisions should probably be renamed to Campus, and the Karachi and Islamabad sections should be written in prose as the previous two subsections were.
 * ✅Academic Profile section should be renamed to Academics. The blue box for the list of degree programs is unnecessary, a simple two-column list should suffice.
 * ✅Financial Aid subsection should not be list form, individual scholarship listings are completely unnecessary.
 * Research section should be merged into the Campus section.
 * Foreign Collaborations section should be merged into Organization section.
 * ✅Student life section: list of clubs should be ok as long as they are notable, but their respective descriptions are not necessary, and sport facilities should be merged into Campus section.
 * ✅Other notes section sounds like a trivia section, I've tagged it with trivia.

Let me know if any of this is unclear. Have a good day.  - Jameson L. Tai   talk ♦  guestbook  ♦  contribs  17:31, 10 November 2008 (UTC)

✅Oh yeah, one more thing, the article has repeated citations, please groups those citations together with refnames.  - Jameson L. Tai   talk ♦  guestbook  ♦  contribs  18:09, 10 November 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with File:CEME-Logo.png
The image File:CEME-Logo.png is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

The following images also have this problem:

 * File:Military College of Signals.JPG

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --08:53, 3 January 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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text: Category:Tourist attractions in Cornwall


text: Category:History of Cornwall

title: Category:History of Cornwall


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nauruan cuisine

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 14:42, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

Nauruan cuisine

 * The VfD requestor didn't do this so I will gren 11:43, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep: The article needs work but it is definitely encyclopedic... gren 11:43, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep -- and cleanup. - Longhair | Talk 12:16, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep no different from Canadian cuisine Klonimus 04:19, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak delete The article seems to more-or-less be about the absence of Nauruan cuisine, as well as a not-too-subtle chastisement of the locals for eating junk food. Maybe a good article might be made about this topic someday (though the current one suggests that there's not much material to work with) but it would have to be a complete rewrite.  If article is kept, I suggest merging with Nauru. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  14:06, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge/redirect into Culture of Nauru. Wonder what the traditional cuisine is? FreplySpang (talk) 17:48, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Culture of Nauru. Megan1967 04:17, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as above. Radiant_* 10:58, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep at this location and not redirect. The "X-an Cuisine" is a common subarticle of the main Culture article. In this case, this article has more information than most Cuisine articles, as most have never gotten past a list of links, (see even Cuisine of the United States). --Dmcdevit 01:12, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Grue 18:07, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:HaukeZuehl~enwiki

Welcome!
Hi HaukeZuehl, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

""

Most Wikipedians would prefer to just work on articles of their own interest. But if you have some free time to spare, here are some open tasks that you may want to help out :

""

Oh yes, don't forget to sign when you write on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments. And finally, if you have any questions or doubts, don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Once again, welcome! =)

- Mailer Diablo 11:44, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called HaukeZuehl. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name HaukeZuehl~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Sorry for the inconvenience.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 13:39, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:HaukeZuehl~enwiki


text:
Aviano

Aviano (Davian; Pleif) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone at the foot of the Dolomites mountain range in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northeast Italy.

Aviano is home to the C.R.O. (Centro di Riferimento Oncologico), one of the main Italian cancer hospitals and research centres.

The Piancavallo ski resort is part of the municipality.

History
Findings from Aviano show that the area has been populated since the Bronze Age.

It became an agricultural area dependent on the municipality of Concordia Sagittaria. The name itself, Aviano, derives from a prediale name, that is, referring to land belonging to a landowner named Avilius or Avidius.

In the early Middle Ages Aviano was made up of parish churches and villages in correspondence with today's hamlets. Around the 11th century, on a hill overlooking the surrounding plain, a castle was built by the Patriarchate of Aquileia and given to local feudal lords. The castle was besieged several times, during the 14th century first by the Da Camino and then by the Carraresi, and in 1411 it was conquered by the Hungarian troops of Emperor Sigismund.

Most historians believe that a commercial center developed where present day Aviano is situated, with a cultural and defensive center in the castle area. Aviano was a possession of the Patriarchal State of Friuli until 1420, when it came under the influence of the Venetian Republic, like the rest of the territory of the Patriarchate of Aquileia. In 1477 and 1499 Aviano and the surrounding villages were devastated by raids of Ottoman troops in which a large part of the population was killed or taken prisoner.

With the fall of the Venetian Republic, Aviano followed the fate of the rest of Friuli and Veneto, and was part of the Napoleonic Empire and then the Austrian Empire (Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia ) before being annexed to the Kingdom of Italy in 1866 as a consequence of the Third War of Italian Independence, itself a part of the Prussian-Austrian War.

In 1911 one of the first airfields of the Italian Air Force was built in Aviano, which in the following years was enlarged and became increasingly important until it became the NATO Aviano AB base in the 1950s. At the end of the sixties the mountain area of Piancavallo became a ski and winter sports resort.

Geography
Although the village is located at the foot of the Dolomites, the municipality extends to an altitude of 2251 m above sea level (Cimon del Cavallo peak).

Religious buildings

 * The Cathedral of San Zenone (Duomo), built between 1775 and 1832. It has paintings from the 16th and 17th centuries, one of which attributed to Paolo Veronese's school.
 * The church of St. Gregory, in the frazione of Castello, with a precious fresco cycle of the Passion of Christ (late 16th century).
 * Sanctuary of the Madonna del Monte(Madonna of the mountain), built in 1615 on the site of a Marian apparition, was remodeled in the Baroque style.
 * Church of Santa Caterina, in the frazione of Marsure, built in the fifteenth century and richly frescoed with scenes from the life of St. Catherine of Alexandria.
 * Parish Church of Giais, retains a baroque altarpiece of O. Gortanutti.
 * Parish Church of San Martino (frazione of San Martino di Campagna). Guards inside a canvas of Pomponio Amalteo and some wooden works of the seventeenth century.
 * Church of San Floriano of the fifteenth century.

Secular buildings

 * The remains of the Castle (first half of the 10th century), on a hill nearby the city, including two towers, the mastio and the walls. The latter include the Renaissance-style church of Santa Maria e Giuliana (1589), which houses a precious stone Pietà sculpture by masters from Salzburg.
 * The village has a total of 7 Venetian villas protected by the Regional Institute Venetian Villas (IRVV). The following villas can be visited upon request: Villa Policreti-Fabris with the adjoining frescoed chapel, Villa Bonassi and Villa Zanussi-Fabris. You must then remember the imposing presence of Villa Menegozzi Brazzoduro dating from the mid-eighteenth century (the interior is decorated with landscape views done with tempera technique).

Natural places

 * The ski resort of Piancavallo, elevation 1267 m above sea level, at the foot of Monte Cavallo, 2250 m. On one of the peaks of Monte Cavallo there is a bronze statue of the Virgin Mary by the sculptor Pierino Sam Pordenone (1921-2010).

Transport
Aviano is served by a station on the Sacile-Pinzano Railway: the Aviano railway station. The Sacile-Pinzano line connects the town of Sacile, on the Venice-Udine railway, to the village of Pinzano, on the Gemona del Friuli-Pinzano line. As of today, the service is limited from Sacile to Maniago.

Aviano Air Base

Aviano Air Base was established by Italy in 1911. The base was among the first ones available to Italian aviation.

There has been an American presence at Aviano Air Base since the end of World War II. In 1954 the Italian and American governments signed a joint use agreement and by 1955, HQ United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) had moved its Italian operations from Udine to Aviano. The base went through a period of hosting rotational fighter squadrons. With the declining use of the Italian live fire range, the rotational squadrons became a thing of the past. Aviano became a war reserve material storage base and played a big part in Desert Storm. In 1992, HQ 16th Air Force and the 401st Fighter Wing moved from Torrejon Air Base, Spain to Aviano. The Wing became home to two F-16 fighter squadrons, the 510th FS and the 555th FS. Both squadrons relocated from Ramstein AB in 1994 and redesignated. The wing was redesignated from the 401st Fighter Wing to the 31st Fighter Wing in 1994 as Aviano took on permanently based aircraft for the first time in over 50 years. The base currently performs a NATO mission with close coordination with Italian personnel.

International relations
Aviano is twinned with:
 * Larissa, Greece

People

 * Marco d'Aviano (1631–1699), Capuchin friar confessor of Emperor Leopold I of Austria, was born in Aviano, in the hamlet of Villotta.
 * Fabio Rossitto (1971), former football player in Italia Serie A and in the Italian national team.
 * Amy Adams (1974), American actress who lived for nine years in Aviano; after this experience she named her daughter Aviana.
 * Luca Manfè, winner of MasterChef US season 4

title: Aviano


text:
United Kingdom constituencies

In the United Kingdom (UK), each of the electoral areas or divisions called constituencies elects one member to the House of Commons.

Within the United Kingdom there are five bodies with members elected by electoral districts called "constituencies" as opposed to "wards":
 * The House of Commons (see Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom)
 * The Scottish Parliament (see Scottish Parliament constituencies and regions)
 * The Senedd (see Senedd constituencies and electoral regions)
 * The Northern Ireland Assembly (see Northern Ireland Assembly constituencies)
 * The London Assembly (see List of London Assembly constituencies)

Between 1921 and 1973 the following body also included members elected by constituencies:
 * The Parliament of Northern Ireland (see Northern Ireland Parliament constituencies)

Electoral areas called constituencies were previously used in elections to the European Parliament, prior to the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union (see European Parliament constituency).

In local government elections (other than for the London Assembly) electoral areas are called wards or electoral divisions.

County constituencies and borough constituencies
House of Commons, Scottish Parliament, Senedd and Northern Ireland Assembly constituencies are designated as either county or borough constituencies, except that in Scotland the term burgh is used instead of borough. Since the advent of universal suffrage, the differences between county and borough constituencies are slight. Formerly (see below) the franchise differed, and there were also county borough and university constituencies.

Borough constituencies are predominantly urban while county constituencies are predominantly rural. There is no definitive statutory criterion for the distinction; the Boundary Commission for England has stated that, "as a general principle, where constituencies contain more than a small rural element they should normally be designated as county constituencies. Otherwise they should be designated as borough constituencies." In Scotland, all House of Commons constituencies are county constituencies except those in the cities of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Dundee and three urban areas of Lanarkshire.

In England and Wales, the position of returning officer in borough constituencies is held ex officio by the mayor or chairman of the borough or district council, and the high sheriff of the county in county constituencies. The administration of elections is carried out by the acting returning officer, who will typically be a local council's chief executive or Head of Legal Services. The role, however, is separate from these posts, and can be held by any person appointed by the council. The spending limits for election campaigns are different in the two, the reasoning being that candidates in county constituencies tend to need to travel farther.

For by-elections to any of these bodies, the limit in all constituencies is £100,000.

History
In the House of Commons of England, each English county elected two "knights of the shire" while each enfranchised borough elected "burgesses" (usually two, sometimes four, and in a few cases one). From 1535 each Welsh county and borough was represented, by one knight or burgess. The franchise was restricted differently in different types of constituency; in county constituencies forty shilling freeholders (i.e. landowners) could vote, while in boroughs the franchise varied from potwallopers, giving many residents votes, to rotten boroughs with hardly any voters. A county borough was the constituency of a county corporate, combining the franchises of both county and borough. Until 1950 there were also university constituencies, which gave graduates an additional representation.

Similar distinctions applied in the Irish House of Commons, while the non-university elected members of the Parliament of Scotland were called Shire Commissioners and Burgh Commissioners. After the Acts of Union 1707, Scottish burghs were grouped into districts of burghs in the Parliament of Great Britain, except that Edinburgh was a constituency in its own right. After the Acts of Union 1800, smaller Irish boroughs were disenfranchised, while most others returned only one MP to the United Kingdom Parliament.

The Reform Act 1832 reduced the number of parliamentary boroughs in England and Wales by eliminating the rotten boroughs. It also divided larger counties into two two-seat divisions, the boundaries of which were defined in the Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832, and gave seven counties a third member. Similar reforms were also made for Scotland and for Ireland. The Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 (48 & 49 Vict. c. 23) equalised the population of constituencies; it split larger boroughs into multiple single-member constituencies, reduced smaller boroughs from two seats each to one, split each two-seat county and division into two single-member constituencies, and each three-seat county into single-member constituencies.

The House of Commons (Redistribution of Seats) Act 1958, eliminated the previous common electoral quota for the whole United Kingdom and replaced it with four separate national minimal seat quotas for the respective Boundaries commissions to work to, as a result the separate national electoral quotas came into effect: England 69,534; Northern Ireland 67,145, Wales 58,383 and in Scotland only 54,741 electors.

Naming
The Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 gives the Boundary Commissions for England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland the power to create names for constituencies, and does not provide a set of statutory guidelines for the Commissions to follow in doing so.

Constituency names are geographic, and "should normally reflect the main population centre(s) contained in the constituency". Compass points are used to distinguish constituencies from each other when a more suitable label cannot be found. Where used, "The compass point reference used will generally form a prefix in cases where the rest of the constituency name refers to the county area or a local council, but a suffix where the rest of the name refers to a population centre." This is the reason for the difference in naming between, for example, North Shropshire (a county constituency) and Reading West (a borough constituency).

House of Commons constituencies
In the 2005 United Kingdom general election, the House of Commons had 646 constituencies covering the whole of the United Kingdom. This rose to 650 in the 2010 election following the Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies. Each constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the "first-past-the-post" system of election.

The House of Commons is one of the two chambers of the bicameral Parliament of the United Kingdom, the other being the House of Lords.

London Assembly constituencies
There are fourteen London Assembly constituencies covering the Greater London area, and each constituency elects one member of the assembly by the first-past-the-post system. Eleven additional members are elected from Greater London as a whole to produce a form or degree of mixed-member proportional representation.

Constituency names and boundaries remain now as they were for the first general election of the assembly, in 2000.

The assembly is part of the Greater London Authority and general elections of the assembly are held at the same time as election of the mayor of London.

Northern Ireland Assembly constituencies
There are 18 Northern Ireland Assembly Constituencies: four borough (for Belfast) and 14 county constituencies elsewhere (see below).

Each elects five MLAs to the 90 member NI Assembly by means of the single transferable vote system. Assembly Constituency boundaries are identical to their House of Commons equivalents.

The constituencies below are not used for the election of members to the 11 district councils.

Scottish Parliament constituencies
Scottish Parliament constituencies are sometimes called Holyrood constituencies, to distinguish them from Westminster (House of Commons) constituencies. The Scottish Parliament Building is in the Holyrood area of Edinburgh, while the main meeting place of the Parliament of the United Kingdom is the Palace of Westminster, in the City of Westminster.

There are 73 Holyrood constituencies covering Scotland, and each elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the first-past-the-post system. Also, the constituencies are grouped into eight electoral regions, and each of these regions elects seven additional members, to produce a form or degree of mixed-member proportional representation.

The existing constituencies were created, effectively, for the first general election of the Scottish Parliament, in 1999. When created, all but two had the names and boundaries of Westminster constituencies. The two exceptions were the Orkney Holyrood constituency, covering the Orkney Islands council area, and the Shetland Holyrood constituency, covering the Shetland Islands council area. For Westminster elections, these council areas were covered (and still are covered) by the Orkney and Shetland Westminster constituency.

In 1999, under the Scotland Act 1998, the expectation was that there would be a permanent link between the boundaries of Holyrood constituencies and those of Westminster constituencies. This link was broken, however, by the Scottish Parliament (Constituencies) Act 2004, which enabled the creation of a new set of Westminster constituencies without change to Holyrood constituencies. The new Westminster boundaries became effective for the 2005 United Kingdom general election.

Senedd constituencies
There are 40 Senedd constituencies covering Wales, and each elects one Member of the Senedd (MS) by the first-past-the-post system. Also, the constituencies are grouped into five electoral regions, and each of these regions elects four additional members, to produce a form or degree of mixed-member proportional representation.

The current set of Senedd constituencies is the second to be created. The first was created for the first general election of the National Assembly for Wales, in 1999.

European Parliament constituencies
Before its withdrawal from the European Union in 2020, the United Kingdom elected its Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) through twelve multimember European Parliament constituencies. One, Northern Ireland, used single transferable vote, while the eleven covering Great Britain used the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.

For its first European Parliamentary elections in 1979 Great Britain was divided into a number of single-member first-past-the Post constituencies, matching the way Westminster MPs are elected. Following the decision that all MEPs should be elected by some form of proportional representation, the Labour government passed the European Parliamentary Elections Act 1999, creating eleven constituencies on Great Britain, which were first used in 1999.

The South West England constituency was expanded from the 2004 elections onward to include Gibraltar, the only British overseas territory that was part of the European Union, following a court case.

title: United Kingdom constituencies


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Category:Poker tournaments

Articles relating to poker tournaments.

title: Category:Poker tournaments


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Waltershausen

Waltershausen is a town in the south-western part of the district of Gotha in the state of Thuringia, Germany.

Geographic location
Located on the verge of the Thuringian Basin just before the Thuringian Forest, Waltershausen is sometimes referred to as the "gate to the Thuringian Forest".

It is close to the Großer Inselsberg, the fourth-highest mountain in the state.

Town structure
The town is divided into the seven districts of Fischbach, Schmerbach, Schwarzhausen, Winterstein, Wahlwinkel, Schnepfenthal and Langenhain.

Incorporations
On July 1 in 1950, Langenhain, Schnepfenthal-Rödichen as well as Wahlwinkel became parts of Waltershausen. 63 years later, on December 31 in 2013, the district of Emsetal (consisting of Fischbach, Schmerbach, Schwarzhausen and Winterstein) was incorporated into the town.

History
The origin of the town's name can be traced back to the 8th-9th century when, during Franconian times, a settlement called Waltershausen existed. In 1167, the town's landmark Tenneberg Castle was first mentioned in a document.

The first documentary mention of Waltershausen itself dates back to 1209, precisely under the name of „Ulricus, villicius de Waltherißhusin“. It was then a part of the county of Mühlburg under the electorate of Mainz. From 1640 onwards, Waltershausen, then a subordinate to the Amt Tenneberg, became a part of the duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

In the early nineteenth century, Waltershausen established its tradition of being a "city of dolls" due to the high number of toy and specifically doll factories in the area. In 1990, however, the industrial production of dolls came to an end.

In 1929, the Thuringian forest railway was extended to Waltershausen, thus providing a direct connection to Bad Tabarz and Gotha.

During World War II, on February 6 in 1945, Waltershausen was among several regional towns to be hit by an attack of U.S. Forces. 12 bombers dropped a total of 120 bombs on the town, causing the destruction of 21 buildings as well as 20 casualties.

Landmarks and sights

 * Schloss Tenneberg, a baroque castle along with a local history museum.
 * Klaustor, the main gate of the former city wall.
 * Töpfersturm (German for pottery tower), the former workplace of medieval potters outside of the town's center.
 * historic Townhall, built in 1441 and fundamentally restored in 1990, the second oldest half-timbered town hall in central Germany.[[Image:Rathaus waltershausen.JPG|thumb|right|Town hall]]
 * Schnepfenthal Salzmann School (Salzmannschule Schnepfenthal), a boarding school specializing in foreign language education.
 * the first outdoor gymnastic ground of Germany, founded by Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths.
 * town church (1719–23), including the largest baroque organ in the state of Thuringia.

Sports
Waltershausen offers a variety of sports clubs competing on high levels. Karate athletes of Bushido Waltershausen regularly compete on the national and international stage and have won numerous titles over the years. The town is also a well-known host of regional as well as national table tennis competitions. Its central sports club, ZSG Waltershausen consists of 12 different sports departments.

Media
There are two renowned radio stations in Waltershausen. In 2009, the online radio channel 0800 Radio Tenneberg went on air with daily coverage. Four years later, TMR-radio.de launched, providing recent news and a variety of music.

Recurring events
The town's biggest event is the annual town fair, taking place in mid-July under a different motto each year. Another recurring event is the medieval castle fair at the beginning of each September.

In December, usually on the weekend of second advent, the annual Christmas market takes place in front of the town hall. A day before Carnival's Monday, a traditional Carnival's parade has been held in Waltershausen for over 25 years.

Religion
There are a total of seven churches and chapels in Waltershausen and its surrounding districts. With the exception of a Catholic chapel established during the 20th century in the town, all of the religious institutions are of Protestant Christianity.

In 1993, Waltershausen became an ecclesiastical administrative center as chair of the Protestant-Lutheran church association of Waltershausen-Ohrdruf.

Industry
The local economy is highly dependent on its industrial institutions. There are several companies located in or around Waltershausen. One of the most significant examples is a factory by Hako GmbH, where multifunctional equipment transporters called Multicars are being produced.

Rockinger, a trailer hitch producing company, has a factory as well as its headquarters in the town. ContiTech, a subsidiary of Continental, also settled in Waltershausen with one of its factories.

Public transport
Due to its proximity to the highway A4 and its own entry to one of Germany's most significant highways connecting Frankfurt and Dresden, Waltershausen is well-connected to the surrounding cities of Eisenach, Gotha as well as Erfurt. The highway is also the gateway to various other parts of Germany, making Waltershausen a very central and easily accessible place from a national perspective.

One of the best-known public transport mediums in the area is the Thüringer Waldbahn, connecting Waltershausen to Gotha and Bad Tabarz. Its traditional and nostalgic concept have made it popular beyond the town's border, attracting even non-local tourists.

There are buses and a train line operating in Waltershausen as well.

Education
Waltershausen currently has two primary schools, a secondary school as well as the Salzmannschule Schnepfenthal, a high school focussing on foreign language education.

Sister cities
International: National:
 * 🇫🇷 Bruay-sur-l'Escaut, France (Département Nord) (since 1965)
 * 🇵🇱 Wolbrom, Poland (Voivodship Małopolskie) (since 2000)
 * 🇩🇪 Korbach, Germany (Hesse) (since 1990)
 * 🇩🇪 Hanau, Germany (Hesse) (since 1990)

Notable people

 * Johann Matthäus Bechstein (1757-1822), naturalist, forestry scientist and ornithologist
 * Heinrich Credner (1809-1876), geologist
 * Eduard Ausfeld (1850-1906), historian
 * Paul Fridolin Kehr (1860-1944), historian and diplomatist, brother of Hans Kehr
 * Hans Kehr (1862-1916), founder of the German bile duct surgery, brother of Paul Fridolin Kehr
 * Jannes Fittje (born 1999), racing driver

title: Waltershausen


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User talk:Eifeldude

Welcome!
Hi Eifeldude, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

""

Most Wikipedians would prefer to just work on articles of their own interest. But if you have some free time to spare, here are some open tasks that you may want to help out :

""

Oh yes, don't forget to sign when you write on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments. And finally, if you have any questions or doubts, don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Once again, welcome! =)

- Mailer Diablo 11:46, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Eifeldude


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Category:Buildings and structures in Cornwall

Buildings and structures in Cornwall.


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Spanish Royal Academy of Naval Engineers

The Spanish Royal Academy of Naval Engineers is a military naval academy in Ferrol, Spain, founded in 1772, during the reign Charles III of Spain. The purpose of this Royal Academy was to train the future members of the 1770 newly created Professional Body.


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User:Waltershausen~enwiki

I'm from Waltershausen in Thüringia, Germany

I have a account in the german wikipedia.

title: User:Waltershausen~enwiki


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Downsize DC Foundation

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep (no consensus). Mindspillage (spill yours?) 21:12, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

Downsize DC Foundation
90 Google hits; an ad? POV? Something like that no doubt. Master Thief Garrett 11:48, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep Somewhat borderline though. Needs expansion. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  14:00, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The article does not make clear how this foundation is notable. Martg76 17:15, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep... barely — Group headed by former Libertarian party US presidential candidate. Where do you draw the line on which political support groups are notable? — RJH 17:33, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/1-san

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 14:44, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

1-san
NO forummer/BBS user/etc. should EVER be thought worthy of their own page on WP, unless they are the handle for a notable person. Sorry. Master Thief Garrett 11:48, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Agree with Garrett, and furthermore I'd say that on the rare occasion that a truly famous person does have a forum or chat account somewhere, that info (if noteworthy) should be added to the famous person's own article, not given an article itself. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 13:36, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete no need to apologize. CDC   (talk)  13:53, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Unsure. I don't think this article is about a particular person at all. My reading of it is that it is about a particular grammar, a way of referring to previous poster(s) to a thread, and I think we'd need someone active on Japanese BBSs to say whether this is encyclopedic. I guess in the absence of that we could argue from the silence that notability has not been established, but I notice the contributor does list Japanese as an interest. I found the article interesting and well written, if a little obscure. Hmmm. No vote as yet. Andrewa 15:05, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * That is true, but I think that the fact that this "forum character" isn't even supposed to represent a real person makes him/her/it less important than if it did, if anything. One thing I take into consideration when voting on forumcruft articles is this: Would this subject be recognisable or of research value to those not involved with the forum?  For example, many famous memes started out on a message board somewhere, but are known to the rest of the world as well.  Conversely, an article on "Admins on WienerBoy348's Local Dial-Up Chat BBS, 1987-1988" would be of interest only to those mentioned.  Our current subject seems pretty much isolated to one forum, and thus probably not article-worthy. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  17:12, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Still unsure. I mainly wanted a reality check, as it seemed that the nominator hadn't understood the article at all, nobody seemed to have picked that up, and the only person involved yet who understands Japanese seems to be the contributor. We have an article on the forum in question, so perhaps merge and redirect is the way to go, but it's a lot of information to add. Hmmm. Still no vote. Andrewa 17:54, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * From what I've heard, 2ch in Japan is like AOL 5-10 years ago in the US. A LOT of people use it. --SPUI (talk) 20:53, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I understand that ">>1-san" is not a particular person, but instead anyone who makes a "First Post!!!!!1111!!!!!oneoneone". Still, this is non-encyclopedic chatroomcruft. Delete.   — J I P | Talk 11:45, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Ar, no. On 2ch, the first post creates a thread.  The "first post" thing is done on the second post, with a post saying 2 getto (2 get). Kusunose 05:29, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This seems to be a stereotype of a clueless noob. Unless something else is brought up, I vote keep or merge with 2ch. --SPUI (talk) 15:46, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not encyclopaedic, trivial. Megan1967 04:19, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This article isn't about a specific person (and I'm not sure how it could be interpreted that way), it's about a common cartoon character found on the biggest BBS in Japan, and also found in several Flash cartoons. At least two guide books have been published (dead-tree, not merely e-published) on the 2ch cast of characters. This article was created to accompany Giko Cat and Mona (ASCII art), two other common 2ch characters, which have articles on the Japanese wikipedia as well. I wouldn't be averse to merging them all into an article on 2ch AA characters, but I think there'd be too much there to merge into the 2ch article itself (and List of 2ch Boards has already been broken out), and the interlanguage links would be lost.   — Gwalla | Talk 07:06, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Gwalla, and 1,820 google image hits for 1-san's friend Mona. (1-san doesn't google very well). Kappa 19:57, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep (yes I finally voted). We seem to have no expertise in Japanese language or culture here, but on the evidence we do have so far, I say this is encyclopedic. Assuming that, it's an excellent short article. Andrewa 12:20, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. This is notable in the same way that Anonymous Coward and B1FF are notable; not as handles of real people, but a combination of a generic title and fictional character. That said, should the English Wikipedia be a repository of 2ch memes? A Man In Black 07:34, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This character is an essential part of 2ch culture which has progressed beyond the status of a meme and is now a cultural icon, along with Mona, Giko-neko, and Shii. Compare the universal recognition of these characters on 2ch to relatively unimportant ones that fill the thousands of entries in the 2ch AA Daijiten which are mere memespawn to be forgotten between copy-pastes. 2ch is enormous, quite possibly the largest forum on the Internet, with millions of new posts every day, and over 700 separate boards. Just because you don't speak Japanese isn't a reason to write it off as unimportant. Also, there is no good reference for information on 2ch in English besides Wikipedia and some random forum posts scattered across the web, but there are hundreds of thousands of sites about 2ch in Japanese (Google gives almost a million for "2ch"). I would not oppose moving this article into a single "2ch Characters" article. Also, searching for 1さん would be better than 1-san because the latter is only a romanization. — Ts'éiyoosh 09:45, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Articles are typically at romanized names, but I have made a redirect from 1&. --SPUI (talk) 11:43, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, since I forgot to actually specify my vote before. The fact that >>>1-san is not an individual person after all is largely immaterial, it is still a very small audience who even know about this term in the first place, and thus even those familiar with it won't think to search for it here because of its obscurity... and if anything this could be merged with n00b or first post or similar... Master Thief Garrett 12:18, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 2ch apparently has 10 million visitors per day, that doesn't sound like a "very small audience". Kappa 08:35, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * keep please and dont get so carried away Yuckfoo 16:26, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, looks like something-cruft. Grue 18:08, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -Fennec (はさばくのきつね) 19:21, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Internet slang. RadioActive 05:54, 4 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Huh? It's a character, not a slang term.   — Gwalla | Talk 06:25, 4 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/1-san


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Category:Local government districts in Cornwall

The administrative county of Cornwall was divided into six local government districts from 1974 to 2009, when they were replaced by a unitary authority. The Isles of Scilly are a separate unitary authority and are part of the ceremonial county of Cornwall.


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Xerox India

Xerox India, based in Gurgaon, India, is the Indian subsidiary of Xerox Corporation, an American printer, photocopier, document supplies, technology & services company.

Originally Modi Xerox, the business was derived from a joint venture formed between Dr Bhupendra Kumar Modi aka Dr. M through ModiCorp (now Spice Group) and Rank Xerox in September 1983. The share structure was 40% ModiCorp, 40% Rank Xerox and 20% private shareholders. It built upon an earlier co-operation, Indian Xerographic Systems, formed in 1982. Other partnerships included Modi Xerox Software Systems, created in 1995 and Modi Xerox Financial Services.

Rank Xerox was absorbed into Xerox Corporation in 1997 and Xerox obtained a majority stake in Modi Xerox in 1999. After obtaining majority ownership of Modi Xerox, it was renamed Xerox ModiCorp and the software and financial services operations were incorporated into the main business.

Financial Irregularities
In July 2002, during a troubled period for Xerox Corporation after allegations of accounting irregularities by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Xerox Corporation disclosed that Xerox ModiCorp had made "improper payments" to government officials and fictitious firms. A government probe later found Xerox Modi Corp had violated certain corruption laws and in May 2005 it was reported that action would be taken against the company. At this time Xerox ModiCorp announced its name change to Xerox India. After all these activities Modi Xerox closed its factory in Rampur. According to the Economic Times, Xerox Corporation owned 86% of Xerox India in March 2005 and is seeking 100% control. The remaining shares are held by Modi Rubber and private stakeholders.

title: Xerox India


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Happy Valley-Goose Bay

Happy Valley-Goose Bay (Inuit: Vâli) is a town in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Located in the central part of Labrador on the coast of Lake Melville and the Churchill River, Happy Valley-Goose Bay is the largest population centre in the region with an estimated 8,040 residents in 2021.

Incorporated in 1973, it comprises the former town of Happy Valley and the Local Improvement District of Goose Bay. Built on a large sandy plateau in 1941, the town is home to the largest military air base in northeastern North America, CFB Goose Bay.

History
In the summer of 1941, Eric Fry, an employee of the Canadian Department of Mines and Resources on loan to the Royal Canadian Air Force, selected a large sandy plateau near the mouth of the Goose River to build the Goose Bay Air Force Base. Docking facilities for transportation of goods and personnel were built at Terrington Basin.

Goose Air Base became a landing and refuelling stop for the Atlantic Ferry route. Soon after the site was selected, men from the coast of Labrador began working on the base. With World War II in bloom, it took only five months to build an operational military airport on the leased territory.

The first settlers to the area came from coastal Labrador to work with McNamara Construction Company, which was contracted to build the Goose Bay Air Force Base. Their first choice was Otter Creek, where they were told that it would be too close to the base. A new location was chosen based upon the requirement to be at least 5 mi from the base. In 1942, a new site was chosen that was first called Refugee Cove; it was not until 1955 that it eventually was renamed Happy Valley.

The first three families to arrive to work at the construction of the base were the Saunders from Davis Inlet, the Broomfields from Big Bay, and the Perraults from Makkovik.

Happy Valley's first school was operated by a Mrs. Perrault from her home until 1946, when the Royal Canadian Air Force donated a building. The old one-room school was bought by Bella and Clarence Brown in early 1962 and turned into a family residence. In 1949, the Air Force donated a second building which became the North Star School. Mrs. Perrault became Happy Valley's first librarian also. Bella Brown took over as Happy Valley's librarian when the North Star School's second building was donated as the new library.

The Grenfell Mission operated the first medical facilities when it opened a nursing station in 1951. In 1963, the provincial government built Paddon Memorial Hospital.

Canadian Forces Base
CFB Goose Bay saw a reduction of NATO low-level tactical flight training in the decade 1996–2005, and the town faced an uncertain future as the federal government reduced the number of permanent Royal Canadian Air Force personnel to fewer than 100 all-ranks. The last NATO nations to use CFB Goose Bay for flight training, Germany and Italy, did not renew their leases after terminating in early 2006.

The runway at Happy Valley-Goose Bay was also an alternative, but unused, landing site for NASA's now-decommissioned Space Shuttle, because of its size and length.

Local Improvement District of Goose Bay
Prior to its amalgamation with Happy Valley, the Local Improvement District of Goose Bay was set up in 1970 and included an area called Spruce Park and the Canadian Department of Transport Housing areas. It grew to include other areas of the base until 1973, when it comprised all of the base area.

Geography
Happy Valley-Goose Bay lies at the southwest end of Lake Melville near the mouth of the Churchill River. The town is located on the southern shore of a peninsula created by Terrington Basin to the north and Goose Bay at the south.

Climate
Happy Valley-Goose Bay displays a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) right on the borderline with a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc), marked by significant snowfall in the winter, which has average highs around -12 C. Summer highs, on the other hand, average 20 C. The average high temperature stays at or below freezing for five months of the year and the low does so for six months. Snowfall averages nearly 406 cm per year, and can occur in all months except July and August. Precipitation, at nearly 940 mm, is significant year-round and is heavy for a continental climate at its latitude.

Demographics
In the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada, Happy Valley-Goose Bay had a population of 8,040 living in 3,072 of its 3,390 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 8,109. With a land area of 304.52 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

The 2011 census showed that Happy Valley-Goose Bay has outgrown Labrador City and is now the largest community in Labrador. However, Labrador West (a region consisting of Labrador City and a nearby community, Wabush) still has a higher population than Upper Lake Melville (which includes Happy Valley-Goose Bay and three nearby communities)

Road
Happy Valley and Goose Bay are connected by the Trans-Labrador Highway with Labrador City and Baie-Comeau in Quebec. The road was extended south to link with an existing road from the Blanc Sablon - St. Barbe ferry. It opened in December 2009.

Prior to 1954, hardly any licence plates were issued to Labrador communities except for Happy Valley and the Goose Bay area. A series of small plates were issued to help fund road development. It was not until the mid-1960s that all of Labrador started using regular Newfoundland licence plates.

Since 1992, the road from Baie-Comeau to Wabush was connected to an open route year-round to Happy Valley-Goose Bay.

Water
The town was serviced by boat and container ship to the ports from Newfoundland and the port of Montreal. Most of the town's supplies were transported by container vessels brought to the docking facilities located at Terrington Basin. These facilities were operated by Transport Canada. The shipping season usually lasted from June to December. In the summer, a ferry service connects Happy Valley-Goose Bay with Cartwright.

Air
Air Canada and Eastern Provincial Airways were the first air carriers in the area to carry passengers from outside the area into CFB Goose Bay. Labrador Airways Limited provided air transportation to local communities. Located at Otter Creek is a seaplane base that also provided airlifts to local communities and tourist lodges in the interior of Labrador.

Notable people

 * Jennifer Hale, voice actress
 * Heather Igloliorte, historian
 * Seamus O'Regan, politician
 * Keith Russell, politician
 * Doris Saunders, archivist
 * Jennie Williams, photographer and filmmaker

title: Happy Valley-Goose Bay


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Veikko Hursti

Veikko Stefanus Hursti (25 November 1924 – 10 May 2005) was a Finnish philanthropist. He lived in Helsinki. Hursti is most famous for his work in helping the poor and the homeless.

Hursti was from a family of seven children. His mother, maths teacher Elli Hursti (née Heiskanen), was a devout Christian and his father, Arvo Hursti, was a Methodist priest who helped street youth in Helsinki.

At age 13, Hursti was admitted to Taideteollisuuskeskuskoulu (today Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture). He volunteered to serve in the Continuation War for two years and later worked as a commercial artist, singer and circus performer. In 1949 he married. The family lost their home due to Hursti's alcohol use and the children were taken into care for some time.

In the late 1960s Hursti became religious and started to do mission work and also charity work for the disadvantaged. He became nationally known for hosting a yearly Christmas party for the poor. Hursti and his wife Lahja Hursti (née Miettinen) were awarded Medal for Humane Benevolence (Pro Benignitate Humana) by president Mauno Koivisto.

Veikko and Lahja Hursti (1927–1997) had six children. Their son, Heikki Hursti, has continued the charity work.

title: Veikko Hursti