text:
Talk:Noli Me Tángere (novel)

Untitled
todo: history, publication, finances and funds for publication,implications of readers--Jondel 02:47, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Censured by the Colonial Church
Does anybody know if the Spanish Church in the Philippines banned the book? --Jondel 06:46, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

It was banned. That's what all the books on Philippine History and Rizal say. The Indios were not allowed to read it and anyone who did faced being marked an "ereje" or a "filibustero." Copies of the book must have been brought to the country by other well-to-do Filipinos studying in Europe. Jute 03:39, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

Creation of the Philippines
hanged it to establishing national identity. The word "creation" connotes that it was nothing before it was created. The Philippines was already a country, albeit colonized. It was Rizal's work that made the Filipino realize that he is part of a whole, hence, an "identity." Jute 03:47, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

John 20:17
Can someone verify that "Noli me Tangere" was on signs attached to lepers? The Wikipedia articles on the phrase "Noli_me_tangere" and John_20:17, where the phrase originated, say that it is what Jesus said to Mary Magdalene after the resurrection, and it makes no mention of lepers. This page aside, I am unable to find sources on Wikipedia or Google that indicate that lepers are in any way involved with the phrase. --Migs 06:40, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Some pointers:

 * I don't exactly know if he(Rizal) explicitly mentioned that he got the phrase from the bible. The new testament doesn't say that lepers had to wear signs saying 'Touch me not.'

 * Jesus may also have been refering to himself being ritually unclean since he was 'dead'.

 * It was understood that Lepers were ritually unclean.

 * Rizal may have wanted to stress the problems of society as a disease like cancer and so disgusting that the problems were 'untouchable'.

From the testament of John: 20:11 But Mary stood without at the sepulchre weeping: and as she wept, she stooped down, [and looked] into the sepulchre, 20:12 And seeth two angels in white sitting, the one at the head, and the other at the feet, where the body of Jesus had lain. 20:13 And they say unto her, Woman, why weepest thou? She saith unto them, Because they have taken away my Lord, and I know not where they have laid him. 20:14 And when she had thus said, she turned herself back, and saw Jesus standing, and knew not that it was Jesus. 20:15 Jesus saith unto her, Woman, why weepest thou? whom seekest thou? She, supposing him to be the gardener, saith unto him, Sir, if thou have borne him hence, tell me where thou hast laid him, and I will take him away. 20:16 Jesus saith unto her, Mary. She turned herself, and saith unto him, Rabboni; which is to say, Master.
 * 20:17 Jesus saith unto her, Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended to my Father: but go to my brethren, and say unto them, I ascend unto my Father, and your Father; and [to] my God, and your God.

20:18 Mary Magdalene came and told the disciples that she had seen the Lord, and [that] he had spoken these things unto her. 20:19 Then the same day at evening, being the first [day] of the week, when the doors were shut where the disciples were assembled for fear of the Jews, came Jesus and stood in the midst, and saith unto them, Peace [be] unto you. 20:20 And when he had so said, he showed unto them [his] hands and his side. Then were the disciples glad, when they saw the Lord. --Jondel 09:24, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Noli Me Tangere was indeed taken from the Bible, if you don't know Rizal quotes much from the Bible in his work. Besides, it's a common phrase for scholars and those who know Latin.

As for the leper signs, you won't find any mention of that in the Bible, scour you might. The phrase Noli me Tangere existed long before that practice. It WAS used once upon a time though, when there were no leprosariums yet. Dunong 19:06, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

People who translated
May I also request for information to be included as to who is the person to have translated Noli Me Tangere in Filipino vernacular or language?

Thank you.

Several authors have translated Noli Me Tangere to Filipino. No one person translated it. Jute 00:11, August 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * If you meant the standard translation approved by the Bureau of Public High Schools, Maria Odulio de Guzman translated it. There are also translations by Leon Ma. Guerrero, Soledad Lacson-Locsin, and Virgilio Almario in Filipino and English. That's about it; I don't know if there are more translators.

 * Additional note: Noli, by the way, has also been translated in Italian and other foreign languages. I have the Italian copy. It's just curious I can't find any French or German translations. Dunong 18:59, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

'Noli Me Tangere' was indeed taken from John 20:17
Noli Me Tangere or "Do not touch me." was indeed taken from the Bible, specifically from John 20:17. That was the part where Jesus appeared to Mary Magdalene in Jesus' tomb. I never saw anything about lepers so you might wanna check your Bible again.

Also, Rizal did say that he extracted the book's title from the Bible, though I'm not really sure if he made mention about it in the book. He made this clear in his letter to Felix Resureccion Hidalgo, a Filipino painter: Noli Me Tangere, words taken from the Gospel of St. Luke (actually, St. John), signify "Do not touch me." (Agoncillo Teodoro. p.139, History of the Filipino People: Eighth Edition. Garotech Publishing, Quezon City. 1990) In this letter, Rizal explained some things about the novel, most of which were its social implications.--jbbuena 16:08, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

Noli me tangere : the real reference of Jose Rizal
The french searcher D. Blumenstihl says that "Noli me tangere" is in fact the professional "nickname" the ophtalmologists give to the cancer of the eyelids. A tribute to Rizal

Yes, but there is a mistake in the main article. It says D. Blumentritt instead of Dominique Blumenstihl-Roth. This would appear to be a confusion of some sort with Rizal's close friend the Czech, Ferdinand Blumentritt. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.98.255.82 (talk) 18:58, 25 December 2007 (UTC)

And further down the article refers to "Rizal's letter to Leitmeritz". But Leitmeritz is a town. The letter was actually to Blumentritt, who lived in Leitmeritz. The confusion seems to have come about by cutting and pasting from http://www.univie.ac.at/Voelkerkunde/apsis/aufi/rizal/har-ody.htm. Seen in its original context it is clear that it is referring to a letter to Blumentritt. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.98.255.82 (talk) 19:27, 25 December 2007 (UTC)

Father Dámaso and Maria Clara
"Fray Dámaso" and "Padre Dámaso" are used interchangeably in the article. Considering that his separate article is found under the name "Father Dámaso," I've changed "Fray" and "Padre" to "Father." I also changed "Damaso" to "Dámaso" per same article. (This is correct according to my English translation of Noli and the Father Dámaso article.)

From the article: Fray Dámaso takes this opportunity to persuade the already-hesitant parents of Maria Clara to forbid their daughter from marrying Ibarra.

Maria Clara's mother died giving birth to her (a puerperal fever, according to my English translation of Noli by Leon Ma. Guerrero). She could not have been persuaded by Father Dámaso because she was erm, already dead. He just convinced her father, Capitan Tiago.

Do I need to put my translated book as a reference? Sorry, I'm still pretty new here. Fluffybun 13:10, 4 May 2007 (UTC)

 * The spelling and choice of languages for this person's title do not need a reference. But, there is no online English translation in the "External links" section.  (There was one, but the link was broken, so I deleted it.)  If your translation is online and can be read online by everyone who comes to this page then it would be useful to add a link to it. Gronky 13:57, 4 May 2007 (UTC)

ang mga tauhan sa noli me tangere crisostomo ibarra maria clara

Characters
Should we include a list of characters in Noli? Mark j (talk) 23:44, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

Is this Noli Me Tangere???
I just want to ask why this article talks about a Don Quixote. As I read the past versions of this article it talks about Crisostomo Ibarra (which is correct). Why is it about a Don Quixote now? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jodields (talk • contribs) 06:59, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

Buod ng aklat na Noli Me Tangere
This is actually added in the page. Is it written in Tagalog so I removed it. Thank you. --Efe (talk) 04:06, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

About Don Rafael
The article says that:

"Unfortunately, it was raining and because of the bothersome weight of the cadaver, the men in charge of the burial decided to throw the corpse into the river ."

but when we took up the test about Chapter XIII Signs of Storm, I was wrong when I answered river because the correct answer is lawa (lawa is the the tagalog term of lake) and I read books about the novel and they all tell that Don Rafael was thrown in the lake not in the river

The Social Cancer by Jose Rizal - Full Text Free Book (Part 3/11) Anonymousman001 (talk) 15:03, 17 October 2008 (UTC)

What happens after Maria Clara becomes seriously ill?
The article says 'The sequence of events proved to be too traumatic for María Clara who got seriously ill but was luckily cured by the medicine Ibarra sería Clara to marry a Peninsular named Linares who just arrived from Spain." There's something wrong here but I don't know how to fix it.  --Richard (talk) 05:11, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

Time setting of Noli Me Tangere
In Chapter 1 of Noli Me Tangere, the abolition of the tobacco monopoly is mentioned, making the story take place in the early 1880s. At the novel's epilogue, it is mentioned that a steamer named "Lipa" exploded with the event taking place on January 2, 1883, according to an author's note. Kevzspeare (talk) 03:11, 26 October 2009 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
One or more portions of this article duplicated other source(s). Infringing material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 16:35, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

Moonriddengirl, you removed content from this article on the grounds that it was a copyvio of this page. I would like to point out that the page in question is part of a Wiki whose content is free under GFDL.

Is the problem caused by the difference between GFDL and [Wikipedia:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License|CCA-SA]?

--Richard (talk) 17:14, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Hi. Yes, I'm afraid that's the problem exactly. As wmf:Terms of Use note, we are no longer able to import material from websites licensed under GFDL unless they are also licensed compatibly with CC-By-SA. While our licensing transition was completed this summer, its application is unfortunately retroactive to 1 November 2008. (See Licensing update.) This deadline was not set by the Wikimedia Foundation but by the GNU Project as part of their agreement with our transition request. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 17:48, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

More adaptations of the novel
Please help me find other film/TV/theater/literary adaptations of Noli Me Tangere aside from the 1951 film Sisa and the 1961 film named after the novel (both directed by Gerardo de Leon). Kevzspeare (talk) 08:48, 3 November 2009 (UTC)

Here's a document extensively listing translations
This doc "The afterlives of noli me tangere" lists more english and tagalog translations, as well as a japanese, chinese, and probably indonesian:

http://www.philippinestudies.net/files/journals/1/articles/3393/public/3393-5250-1-PB.pdf

I've already improved this article today, so I'm leaving this for another time/person. Gronky (talk) 17:28, 4 August 2014 (UTC)

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Mestizo "daughter"?
Read this: "Crisóstomo Ibarra, the mestizo daughter of recently deceased Don Rafael Ibarra..."

I don't know who wrote this part. Either he/she is vandalizing the article or it is a result of extreme ignorance. Considering this is a novel by the Philippine national hero, it is sad to see how it went unnoticed. Students and historians read this and they must be laughing. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.30.96.30 (talk) 15:08, 19 August 2019 (UTC)

"Uncle Tom's Cabin" as an inspiration to "Noli Me Tangere"
It is a prevailing belief that Rizal's Noli Me Tangere was inspired by Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. This has been reinforced through school curriculum that is taught from elementary to college. A reading of the latter shows that there are very little similarities between Rizal's novel and Stowe's novel. Benito Pérez Galdós' "Doña Perfecta", on the other hand, has themes and characters strikingly similar to Noli.

Character archetypes are noted to be similar between Jose Rizal's Noli Me Tangere and Benito Pérez Galdós' Doña Perfecta, to wit:

 * 1) Rafael Ibarra (in Noli Me Tangere) to Juan Rey (in Doña Perfecta);
 * 2) Crisóstomo Ibarra (in Noli Me Tangere) to Pepe Rey (in Doña Perfecta);
 * 3) María Clara (in Noli Me Tangere) to Rosario (in Doña Perfecta);
 * 4) Capitán Tiago (in Noli Me Tangere) to Doña Perfecta (in Doña Perfecta);
 * 5) Padre Dámaso (in Noli Me Tangere) to Padre Inocencio (in Doña Perfecta);
 * 6) Filósofo Tasio (in Noli Me Tangere) to Don Cayetano (in Doña Perfecta);
 * 7) Linares (in Noli Me Tangere) to Jacinto (in Doña Perfecta).

Several focused themes are also noted between Jose Rizal's Noli Me Tangere and Benito Pérez Galdós' Doña Perfecta. The novels critique on the natives' negative traits such as resistance to reforms/modernization, culture of mediocrity, and strong belief in superstitions, among others. Both novels also criticized the frailocracy, that were prevalent in the Philippines and to some extent in Spain at that time.

Here is the link to Benito Pérez Galdós' Doña Perfecta novel, for comparison.

Obed.ello (talk) 05:23, 3 April 2021 (UTC)

The issue has been several succeeding historians' misreading of Rizal. Here is the probable chronology:

 * 1) Rizal wrote a diary entry (January 25, 1884) about finishing Eugène Sue's "The Wandering Jew" and commenting that it was a good book. Rizal added that he felt that the French language was rather intimidating, but doesn't speak to the heart and didn't make him cry.
 * 2) Austin Craig read Rizal's diary entry and in 1913 wrote in his book that "The Wandering Jew" profoundly affected Rizal - apparently misunderstanding the comments Rizal made about the French language.
 * 3) Charles Edward Russel read Austin Craig's entry about "The Wandering Jew" being more influential than "Uncle Tom's Cabin" and was the book that inspired Rizal to write his novel, but misunderstood Craig's text and thought Craig meant that "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was Rizal's inspiration. In 1924, co-authored a book with E. B. Rodriguez where he said Rizal was inspired by "Uncle Tom's Cabin". He did mention that Austin Craig was his source.
 * 4) Frank Laubach may have read the 1924 book by Charles Edward Russel and E. B. Rodriguez and in 1929 mentioned in "Seven Thousand Emeralds" that "Uncle Tom's Cabin" inspired Rizal to write Noli Me Tangere. He mentioned the same again in another book in 1936  - a biography about Rizal.
 * 5) Gregorio Zaide may have read either Laubach's (1929 or 1936) or Russel's and Rodriguez's (1924) mention of Uncle Tom's Cabin and wrote it in his 1957 biography of Rizal that Uncle Tom's Cabin inspired Rizal to write Noli Me Tangere.
 * 6) All the books listed above were not official school textbooks, but a new textbook came out in 1999 by Sonia Zaide (Gregorio Zaide 's daughter) that made the " 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' inspired 'Noli Me Tangere' " narrative go mainstream.

Obed.ello (talk) 07:29, 11 April 2021 (UTC)

Does Rizal Law require students to read Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo?
There have been a provision in the Rizal Law that states that students aren't required to read the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. FinerInside28 (talk) 06:06, 2 April 2022 (UTC)

Noli me tanghere
Boy 203.189.119.100 (talk) 09:27, 10 October 2022 (UTC)

Plot summary too detailed with few erronerous parts
Hello. I've been reading this Plot section of this article, and I find it quite lengthy to read. And also, there may be parts of this section that are erroneous descriptions of the novel's plot. An example is this:

"Crisóstomo abandons his school project and enlists Elías in sorting out and destroying documents that may implicate him. Elías obliges, but comes across a name familiar to him: Don Pedro Eibarramendia. Crisóstomo says Pedro was his great-grandfather, and that they had to shorten his long family name. Elías responds that Eibarramendia was the same Spaniard who accused his grandfather of arson, and thus condemned Elías and his family to misfortune. Frenzied, he raises his bolo to smite Crisóstomo, but regains his senses and leaves."

But based on the novel:

Elias did not he raise his own bolo at Crisóstomo, but he actually ran towards Crisóstomo's collection of weaponry and took a dagger (puñal) in a frenzied attempt to do his revenge. In fact, he took two daggers (dos puñales) from the weaponry collection.

I hope the Plot section can be rewritten soon to make it more encyclopedic and accurate. —Nairb.Idi9 (talk) 04:51, 5 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Thank you. I took it upon myself to make the correction. Please feel free to edit the article as you see fit as well.
 * I think the novel itself is burdened with too many details anyway. Hopefully with renewed interest in the Noli in the wake of a popular soap opera adaptation today, the quality of this article improves.
 * You should have seen this a few years ago before the plot section was edited, though. It was a total riot. 119.92.183.120 (talk) 00:48, 9 January 2023 (UTC)

Structure 120.28.214.89 (talk) 06:35, 28 April 2024 (UTC)

Overal purpose structure
overal purpose structure 120.28.214.89 (talk) 06:38, 28 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Noli Me Tángere (novel)


text:
Silver chloride electrode

A silver chloride electrode is a type of reference electrode, commonly used in electrochemical measurements. For environmental reasons it has widely replaced the saturated calomel electrode. For example, it is usually the internal reference electrode in pH meters and it is often used as reference in reduction potential measurements. As an example of the latter, the silver chloride electrode is the most commonly used reference electrode for testing cathodic protection corrosion control systems in sea water environments.

The electrode functions as a reversible redox electrode and the equilibrium is between the solid (s) silver metal (Ag(s)) and its solid salt—silver chloride (AgCl(s), also called silver(I) chloride) in a chloride solution of a given concentration.

In electrochemical cell notation, the silver chloride electrode is written as, e.g., for an electrolyte solution of KCl 3 M:

The corresponding half-reaction can be presented as follows:

Which is a summary of these two reactions:

AgCl does not form by direct combination of Ag+ and Cl-, rather through the transformation of soluble species AgCln + 1–n (0 ≤ n ≤ 3) first formed from the combination of the Ag+ and Cl- into the solid AgCl phase.

This reaction is a reversible reaction and is characterized by fast electrode kinetics, meaning that a sufficiently high current can be passed through the electrode with 100% efficiency of the redox reaction (anodic oxidation and dissolution of the Ag metal along with cathodic reduction and deposition of the ions as Ag metal onto the surface of the Ag wire). The reaction has been proven to obey these equations in solutions of pH values between 0 and 13.5.

The Nernst equation below shows the dependence of the potential of the silver-silver(I) chloride electrode on the activity or effective concentration of chloride-ions:

The standard electrode potential E0 against standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) is 0.230 V ± 10 mV. The potential is however very sensitive to traces of bromide ions which make it more negative. The more exact standard potential given by an IUPAC review paper is +0.22249 V, with a standard deviation of 0.13 mV at 25 °C.

Applications
Commercial reference electrodes consist of a glass or plastic tube electrode body. The electrode consists of a metallic silver wire (Ag(s)) coated with a thin layer of silver chloride (AgCl), either physically by dipping the wire in molten silver chloride, chemically by electroplating the wire in concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) or electrochemically by oxidising the silver at an anode in a chloride solution.

A porous (or fibrous) filter located at/near the tip of the reference electrode allows to establishing a liquid contact between the solution to be measured and the electrolyte solution in equilibrium with the silver chloride (AgCl) coating the Ag(s) surface. An insulated electrical wire connects the silver rod with the measuring instrument. The voltmeter negative terminal is connected to the test wire.

The electrode body contains potassium chloride to stabilize the silver chloride concentration. When working in seawater, this body can be removed and the chloride concentration is fixed by the stable salinity of seawater. The potential of a silver:silver chloride reference electrode with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode depends on the composition of the electrolyte solution and on temperature. (1) The table data source is NACE International (National Association of Corrosion Engineers), except where a separate reference is given. (2) Elj is the liquid junction potential between the given electrolyte and a reference electrolyte with a molal activity of chloride of 1 mol/kg.''

The electrode has many features making it suitable for use in the field:
 * Stable potential
 * Non-toxic components
 * Simple construction
 * Inexpensive to manufacture

They are usually manufactured with saturated potassium chloride electrolyte, but can be used with lower concentrations such as 1 mol/kg potassium chloride. As noted above, changing the electrolyte concentration changes the electrode potential. Thus care should be taken to either use silver chloride reference electrodes in a frit-sealed chamber of saturated potassium chloride (see picture above), or for the quasi-reference electrode configuration (silver wire coated in silver chloride with no frit or potassium chloride reservoir), ensure the local chloride concentration is both constant and sufficiently high to maintain a stable potential and stable silver chloride layer. Silver chloride is slightly soluble in strong potassium chloride solutions, so it is sometimes recommended the potassium chloride be saturated with silver chloride to avoid stripping the silver chloride off the silver wire.

Biological electrode systems

Silver chloride electrodes are also used by many applications of biological electrode systems such as biomonitoring sensors as part of electrocardiography (ECG) and electroencephalography (EEG), and in transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) to deliver current. Historically, the electrodes were fabricated from pure silver, or from metals such as tin, nickel, or brass (an alloy of copper and zinc) coated with a thin film of silver. In today's applications, most biomonitoring electrodes are silver/silver chloride sensors which are fabricated by coating a thin layer of silver on plastic substrates while the outer layer of silver is converted to silver chloride.

The principle of silver/silver chloride sensors operation is the conversion of ion current at the surface of human tissues to electron current to be delivered through an electrical wire to the measurement instrument. An important component of the operation is the electrolyte gel applied between the electrode and the tissues. The gel contains free chloride ions such that the ion charge can be carried through the electrolyte solution. Therefore, the electrolyte solution has the same conductivity for the ion current as the human tissues. When the ion current develops, the metallic silver atoms (Ag(s)) of the electrode oxidize and it releases cations to the solution while the discharged electrons carry the electrical charge through the electrical wire. At the same time, the chloride anions present in the electrolyte solution travel towards the anode (positively charged electrode) where they are precipitated as silver chloride (AgCl) as they bond with the silver cations  present onto the Ag(s) electrode surface. The reaction allows the ion current to pass from the electrolyte solution to the electrode while the electron current passes through the electrical wire connected to the measuring instrument.

When there is an uneven distribution of cations and anions, there will be a small voltage called half-cell potential associated with the current. In the direct current (DC) system that is used by the ECG and EEG instruments, the difference between the half-cell potential and the zero potential is shown as DC offset which is an undesirable characteristic. Silver/silver chloride is a common choice of biological electrodes due to its low half-cell potential of about +222 mV (SHE), low impedance, with a toxicity lower than that of the calomel electrode containing mercury.

Elevated temperature application
When appropriately constructed, the silver chloride electrode can be used up to 300 °C. The standard potential (i.e., the potential when the chloride activity is 1 mol/kg) of the silver chloride electrode is a function of temperature as follows:

Bard et al. give the following correlations for the standard potential of the silver chloride electrode between 0 and 95 °C as a function of temperature (where t is temperature in °C):

 * $$E^{0}(V)=0.23659-\left(4.8564\times 10^{-4}\right) t-\left(3.4205\times 10^{-6}\right) t^2-\left(5.869\times 10^{-9}\right) t^3$$

The same source also gives the fit to the high-temperature potential between 25 and 275 °C, which reproduces the data in the table above:

 * $$E^{0}(V)=0.23735-\left(5.3783\times 10^{-4}\right) t-\left(2.3728\times 10^{-6}\right) t^2$$

The extrapolation to 300 °C gives $$E^{0}(V)=-0.138 \ \mathrm{V}$$.

Farmer gives the following correction for the potential of the silver chloride electrode with 0.1 mol/kg KCl solution between 25 and 275 °C, accounting for the activity of Cl− at the elevated temperature:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Silver chloride electrode


text:
Laureano Leone

Laureano Leone (born September 11, 1928) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1987 to 1990.

Background
Leone was educated at Liceo Classico "Ovidio" of Sulmona in Abruzzo, and at the Detroit Institute of Technology. He also served as vice-chair of the Ontario Place Corporation, and as president of the National Congress of Italian Canadians and the Canadian Ethnocultural Council. He has received a Gold Medal (Award of Merit) from the city of Toronto for "community involvement", and was appointed as an Officer of the Order of Canada on April 22, 1982.

Politics
He ran for the Ontario legislature in the 1981 provincial election, but finished third against New Democrat Ed Philip in the riding of Etobicoke. He ran a second time in the riding of Downsview in the 1987 provincial election and defeated NDP candidate Maria Augimeri by 174 votes. He served as a backbench supporter of David Peterson's government for the next three years.

The Liberals were defeated by the NDP in the 1990 provincial election. Leone's seat was a top NDP target, and he lost to NDP candidate Anthony Perruzza by over 5,000 votes.

Later life
Leone was later named an Honorary Consul of Canada in Sulmona, Italy.

title: Laureano Leone


text:
Ten Kate

Ten Kate is a Dutch toponymic surname originally meaning "at the house". The modern Dutch word kot ("kennel") still reminds of the archaic words kate, kote, and kotte for "house". People with this surname include:

 * Herman Frederik Carel ten Kate (artist) (1822–1891), Dutch painter and engraver
 * Herman Frederik Carel ten Kate (anthropologist) (1858–1931), Dutch anthropologist, son of the above
 * Jan Jakob Lodewijk ten Kate (1819–1889), Dutch prose writer and poet
 * Lambert ten Kate (1674–1731), Dutch linguist
 * Marti ten Kate (born 1958), Dutch retired long-distance runner
 * Monica Ten-Kate, American psychic and star of the reality TV show Monica the Medium

title: Ten Kate


text: File:Southern Polytechnic State University (logo).jpg


text: User talk:68.96.171.85

title: User talk:68.96.171.85


text:
Missouri Assessment Program

The Missouri Assessment Program (MAP) is an annual set of mandatory standardized tests taken by students in the U.S. state of Missouri.

State Content Assessments
Grade-Level Assessment - Students in grades 3-8 are tested in English Language Arts and math. Students in grades 5 and 8 are also tested in Science.

End-of-Course Assessment - Students are required to take Algebra I, English II, Biology and Government prior to graduation. Districts may also administer Algebra II, American History, English I, Geometry, Personal Finance and Physical Science assessments.

State Content Alternate Assessments
MAP-A - There is also the MAP-Alternate (MAP-A) designed for students with severe cognitive disabilities who meet grade level and eligibility criteria. Communication arts is assessed at grades 3-8 and 11, math is assessed at grades 3-8 and 10 and science is assessed at grades 5, 8 and 11. Missouri does not have a 2% modified assessment.

State ELP Assessment
WIDA ACCESS - In 2010, Missouri became the 23rd state to join the WIDA Consortium. Missouri uses the WIDA ACCESS assessment as its English Language Proficiency assessment. Missouri requires all incoming possible English learners students to use the WIDA Screener.

title: Missouri Assessment Program


text:
User:Countmippipopolous

Yeah, I'll add bits and pieces to articles when I see something wrong with them, but I spend most of my time reading.

title: User:Countmippipopolous


text:
Robert Goodloe Harper

Robert Goodloe Harper (January 1765 – January 14, 1825) was an American soldier and politician. He was a member of the United States Senate from Maryland, serving from January 1816 until his resignation in December of the same year. He also served in the South Carolina House of Representatives (1790–1795), the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina (1795–1801), and in the Maryland State Senate. He is best remembered for the phrase, "Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute" in connection with the XYZ Affair. The town of Harper, Liberia, is named after him.

Early life
Harper was born near Fredericksburg in the Colony of Virginia in January 1765. He was the fifth child and first son of Jesse Harper (b. 1733) and Emily Diana Goodloe (1734–1788) and moved with his parents to Granville, North Carolina around 1769. He received his early education at home and later attended grammar school.

At the age of fifteen, Harper joined a volunteer corps of Cavalry and served in the American Revolutionary Army. He made a surveying tour through Kentucky and Tennessee in 1783, and graduated from the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) in 1785. He studied law in Charleston, South Carolina, teaching school at the same time, and was admitted to the bar in 1786.

Career
He commenced practice in the Ninety-Six District of South Carolina, moving back to Charleston in 1789. From 1790 to 1795, Harper was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives, at which time he was elected from South Carolina to the Third Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Alexander Gillon. He was reelected to the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Congresses but was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1800 to the Seventh Congress, serving as a U.S Representative from February 9, 1795 to March 1801. While in Congress, he was the chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means in the Fifth and Sixth Congresses. Harper was one of the impeachment managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1798 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against William Blount.

Political career in Maryland
Harper moved to Baltimore, Maryland, and engaged in the practice of law. He consorted with the men of the mob riots of Baltimore against the British in June 1812. He served in the War of 1812, attaining the rank of major general. He assisted in organizing the Baltimore Exchange Co. in 1815 and was a member of the first board of directors. He then became a member of the Maryland State Senate, and was later elected from Maryland to the United States Senate for the term beginning March 4, 1815, serving from January 1816 until December 1816, when he resigned. He was an unsuccessful Federalist candidate for Vice President in the 1816 election. He also received one electoral vote for Vice President in the 1820 election.

In 1815, Harper was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society. and traveled extensively in Europe in 1819 and 1820. He took a prominent part in the ceremonies on the occasion of Lafayette’s visit to Baltimore in 1824.

Personal life
On May 7, 1800, Harper married Catherine Carroll (1778–1861) in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Catherine was the daughter of Charles Carroll and Mary (née Darnall) Carroll. Her elder sister, Mary, married Richard Caton. Together, they were the parents of at least four children who survived to adulthood, including:

 * Charles Carroll Harper (1802–1837), who married Charlotte Hutchinson Cheffelle (1807–1867) in 1827.
 * Mary Diana Harper (1803–1818), who died young.
 * Richard Caton Harper (1806–1815), who died young.
 * Elizabeth Hyde Harper (1809–1823), who died unmarried.
 * Emily Louisa Harper (1812–1892), who never married.
 * Robert Goodloe Harper, Jr. (1814–1854)

He died in Baltimore on January 14, 1825, and was initially interred in the family burial ground on his estate, Oakland in Roland Park, and later reburied in Greenmount Cemetery in Baltimore.

Descendants
Through his eldest son Charles, he was a grandfather of Emily Louisa Harper (1835–1908), who married William Clapham Pennington (1829–1913). Their son, Robert Goodloe Harper Pennington (1854–1920) was a prominent artist.

title: Robert Goodloe Harper


text:
Józef Pińkowski

Józef Pińkowski (17 April 1929 – 8 November 2000) was a Polish Communist politician who served as 51st Prime Minister of Poland from 1980 to 1981.

By profession Pińkowski was an economist. In 1971 he became a member of the central committee of the PZPR. Between 1971 and 1974 he was First Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission of the Ministerial Council. Between September 1980 and February 1981, during the early years of the Solidarity movement, he served with some success as Prime Minister of Poland under the party leadership of Stanisław Kania.

title: Józef Pińkowski


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/4 score and 7 years ago

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 23:13, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

4 score and 7 years ago
Horrible name for an already existing topic. Information should be merged into Gettysburg address. --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 02:56, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep this article since it has some historic value. Also, it mentions some pop culture references to it too. --TheSamurai 02:57, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete no potential for expansion, but merge pop culture into   Gettysburg address. Howabout1 03:00, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not worth merging. android↔talk 03:07, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Don't merge the pop culture stuff - just because a character says "four score and seven donuts ago" or something doesn't make it relevant. FreplySpang (talk) 03:23, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree with nominator, merge and redirect. Meelar (talk) 03:26, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect. Add this fun fact - people always get the intonation wrong. The say "four score (pause) and seven years ago" when, at that time (when counting years in 'scores' was common), it would have been pronounced with the same intonation that we might say "at 2:17 PM". Learnt that sitting in on a language and culture class. -- 8^D gab 04:14, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)
 * Not sure about the merge-ability of pop trivia, but a redirect seems in order, as it's a common phrase that'll probably be a search term. --Dmcdevit 04:22, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge/redirect. The pop references are kind of cool, though.  Ditto BD's assessment. - Lucky 6.9 04:30, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nothing worth merging. Megan1967 10:57, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect The pop refernces don't need to be merged IMO. But this is the opening line of the speech and someone might search for it this way. Dsmdgold 13:06, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Gettysburg address. Many people know the first line of this speech, and may search with it so the title is at least useful. Sjakkalle 13:09, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Gettysburg address. The pop culture references aren't worth merging. Dave the Red (talk) 18:55, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect - but don't merge the pop culture trivia. Lots of characters say lots of things in lots of movies, but that doesn't make it relevant. CDC   (talk)  21:12, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. More SamuraiClintoncruft.  RickK 04:54, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete perfectly pointless article; if "score" is considered that unknown, score in Gettysburg address should fix the problem. -- AlexR 18:08, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Useless as a redirect; four score and seven years ago is what someone's likely to search for. --Carnildo 19:59, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect or Delete Vegaswikian 06:10, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect The pop culture facts are amusing, but it shouldn't be its own article. Dr Ingel 01:02, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge/redir. Redirs are cheap and useful; many city articles cite pop references, so why not the speech. Also, I don't really see what makes urban legends RE the speech more relevant than pop culture citations. Niteowlneils 04:13, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I dropped the pop-culture refs in the Gettysburg Address article, right after the urban legends. Fits nicely there. -- 8^D gab 00:17, 2005 Apr 18 (UTC)
 * Delete. Television and movie parodies of historical events, whether they be "Bill and Ted" or "Monty Python" or "South Park," etc. do not belong within the legitimate article that they parody. Such examples of jokes and humor made long after the historical event are not relevant to the history itself. Instead, I suggest that a link be provided within the "Bill and Ted" article directed to the "Gettysburg Address" article in case readers want to learn the true facts behind that humorous line from the movie. Bart 02:46, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Abercorn

Abercorn (Gaelic: Obar Chùirnidh, Old English: Æbbercurnig) is a village and civil parish in West Lothian, Scotland. Close to the south coast of the Firth of Forth, the village is around 5 km west of South Queensferry. The parish had a population of 458 at the 2011 Census.

Etymology
Etymologically, Abercorn is a Cumbric place-name. It is recorded as Aebbercurnig in c.731. The first element is aber 'mouth, confluence'. William J. Watson proposed that the second element meant 'horned', from a Brittonic word related to Welsh corniog. The name would thus mean 'horned confluence'. However, because Abercorn sits by the Cornie Burn, Alan James has suggested that the name means 'mouth of the Cornie Burn'. The name of the stream itself is also Cumbric and seems to derive from *kernan 'mound, hill' and so to be named after the hill on which Abercorn stands.

History
The English monk and historian Bede mentions Abercorn as the site of a monastery and seat of Bishop Trumwine, who was the only bishop of the Northumbrian see of the Picts. The 7th-century monastery is now known to have existed close to the present-day church. The church itself dates partially from the 12th century, although its most interesting features are the private aisles created for the three major families of the area, the Dalyells, the Hamiltons, and later the Hopes, who had their own enclosure behind the altar built by architect William Bruce. The Hope mausoleum, designed by William Burn, is located adjacent to the kirkyard. Older burial monuments include Norse "hogback" grave markers, and fragments of 7th-century Northumbrian crosses. Adjacent to the churchyard at Abercorn, is a small museum containing prominent examples of medieval gravestones.

The lands of Abercorn were granted to Claud Hamilton in the 16th century. His son was later created the Earl of Abercorn. In the early 17th century, a branch of the Hamilton dynasty moved to Ulster in Ireland. The family would, henceforth, play a major part in Ulster affairs. Thus, the estate was later sold to the Hope family, who were created Earls of Hopetoun, and built Hopetoun House to the east of the village. On the approach to the church, the Factor's house is a prominent L-shaped building in the Scottish baronial style, built circa 1855.

The House of the Binns, seat of the Dalyell family, is within the parish.

Abercorn's population was recorded as 1,044 at the time of the 1821 census, although it has since declined.

Abercorn Castle
A castle also existed here, near Hope Burn, from the 12th century, belonging to the Avenel family. It passed through marriage to the Graham family in the mid-13th century and to the Mure family in the early 14th century. The Clan Douglas acquired the castle in about 1400.

It was besieged and sacked in 1455 by James II in his attack against the "Black Douglases" and their chief James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas. It passed to the Seton family but they did not restore the castle and it was thereafter left to decay, such that it is now only marked by an earth mound. The site was excavated by archaeologists in 1963.

Bishopric
For a very short time, Abercorn was a residential bishopric. In 681, during the reign of King Ecgfrith of Northumbria, Theodore of Tarsus, Archbishop of Canterbury, appointed Trumwine "Bishop of the Picts", with his seat at Abercorn. This was part of a more general division of the Northumbrian church by Theodore, who also created the Bishopric of Hexham by separation from the Bishopric of Lindisfarne. Four years later, Trumwine may have been present at the defeat and death of Ecgfrith at the Battle of Dun Nechtain, after which he was forced to flee from his Pictish bishopric, retiring to the monastery at Whitby. The bishopric of Abercorn thus ceased to be a residential diocese.

Titular see
It is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see. The diocese was nominally restored as a Latin Catholic titular bishopric in 1973. It must not be confounded with the former Diocese of Abercorn in southern Africa.

It has had the following incumbents, all of the lowest (episcopal) rank:
 * Richard Charles Patrick Hanifen (1974–1983)
 * John Aloysius Mone (1984–1988)
 * John Charles Dunne (1988–), Auxiliary Bishop emeritus of Rockville Centre (USA)

Notable burials in Abercorn

 * Very Rev Hugh Meiklejohn
 * Ian Hamilton Finlay, poet
 * Sir Robert Dalyell, 8th Baronet

Sources and external links

 * Gazetteer of Scotland
 * Ancient Lothian
 * GigaCatholic with titular incumbent biography links
 * GigaCatholic with titular incumbent biography links

title: Abercorn


text:
Lew Moren

Lewis Howard "Hicks" Moren (August 4, 1883 – November 2, 1966) was a Major League Baseball pitcher. He pitched six seasons from 1903 to 1910: two seasons with the Pittsburgh Pirates and four seasons with the Philadelphia Phillies. In 1908, Moren was credited by the New York Press for inventing the knuckleball; however Eddie Cicotte is today more often cited as the inventor of the pitch. Moren retired with a career record of 48 wins, 57 losses, and a 2.95 earned run average.

Moren committed suicide in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania by slitting his throat.

title: Lew Moren


text:
User:NHaines

Hello! My name is Nathan and I've been a long time admirer of Wikipedia. I finally decided to register an account in anticipation of joining in.

I greatly enjoy video games, although I don't have much time for them anymore. I try to keep abreast of upcoming news, however. My focus is on Nintendo systems, and minus the Game Boy Micro I have all Nintendo consoles and handheld systems released in the US. (Actually, my Game Boy Advance is a Japanese unit.) Expect me to hover around Nintendo DS game articles, especially Animal Crossing DS and Nintendogs.

I am the author of the Animal Island and Game Boy Advance Guide, which is the only work I have seen which focuses on ways in which Animal Crossing uses the Game Boy Advance. It is slightly out of date and will probably not be updated. I do intend to write a followup guide to Animal Crossing DS. This will not be a comprehensive guide, but like the tight focus of my previous guide, will instead focus on local and online connectivity via Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection.

If you have any comments, please feel free to leave them on my discussion page or to email me using the link in the sidebar of this page.

Nathan Haines 08:39, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

title: User:NHaines


text:
Bardet–Biedl syndrome

Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathic human genetic disorder that produces many effects and affects many body systems. It is characterized by rod/cone dystrophy, polydactyly, central obesity, hypogonadism, and kidney dysfunction in some cases. Historically, slower mental processing has also been considered a principal symptom but is now not regarded as such.

Signs and symptoms
Bardet–Biedl syndrome is a pleiotropic disorder with variable expressivity and a wide range of clinical variability observed both within and between families. The most common clinical features are rod–cone dystrophy, with childhood-onset night-blindness followed by increasing visual loss; postaxial polydactyly; truncal obesity that manifests during infancy and remains problematic throughout adulthood; varying degrees of learning disabilities; male hypogenitalism and complex female genitourinary malformations; and renal dysfunction, a major cause of morbidity and mortality.

There is a wide range of secondary features that are sometimes associated with BBS including
 * Strabismus, cataracts, astigmatism, pigmentary retinopathy, poor visual acuity, low vision, and/or blindness caused by an impaired photoreceptor transport mechanism in the retina.
 * "Brachydactyly, syndactyly of both the hands and feet is common, as is partial syndactyl (most usually between the second and third toes)"
 * Polyuria/polydipsia (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)
 * Ataxia/poor coordination/imbalance
 * Mild hypertonia (especially lower limbs)
 * Diabetes mellitus
 * Hepatic involvement
 * Anosmia
 * Auditory deficiencies
 * Hirschsprung disease and subsequent bowel obstruction has been described.
 * Hypertrophy of interventricular septum and left ventricle and dilated cardiomyopathy.
 * Hypogonadism, kidney failure, urogenital sinuses, ectopic urethra, uterus duplex, septate vagina, and hypoplasia of the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes
 * Speech disorder/delay
 * Developmental delay, especially of fine and gross motor skills

Relation to other rare genetic disorders
Findings in genetic research published in 2006 have suggested that a large number of genetic disorders, both genetic syndromes and genetic diseases, that were not previously identified in the medical literature as related, may be, in fact, highly related in the genetypical root cause of the widely varying, phenotypically observed disorders. BBS is one such syndrome that has now been identified to be caused by defects in the cellular ciliary structure. Thus, BBS is a ciliopathy. Other known ciliopathies include primary ciliary dyskinesia, polycystic kidney and liver disease, nephronophthisis, Alström syndrome, Meckel–Gruber syndrome and some forms of retinal degeneration.

Pathophysiology
The detailed biochemical mechanism that leads to BBS is still unclear.

The gene products encoded by these BBS genes, called BBS proteins, are located in the basal body and cilia of the cell.

Using the round worm C. elegans as a model system, biologists found that BBS proteins are involved in a process called intraflagellar transport (IFT), a bi-directional transportation activity within the cilia along the long axis of the ciliary shaft that is essential for ciliogenesis and the maintenance of cilia. Recent biochemical analysis of human BBS proteins revealed that BBS proteins are assembled into a multiple protein complex, called "BBSome". BBSome is proposed to be responsible for transporting intracellular vesicles to the base of the cilia and to play an important role in the ciliary function.

Since abnormalities of cilia are known to be related to a wide range of disease symptoms including those commonly seen in BBS patients, it is now widely accepted that mutated BBS genes affect normal cilia function, which, in turn, causes BBS.

A theory that photoreceptor cells are nourished by the IFT of retinal cilia now offers a potential explanation for the retinal dystrophy common in BBS patients after their early years of life.

Genes involved include:
 * BBsome: BBS1, BBS2, ARL6/BBS3, BBS4, BBS5, BBS7, TTC8/BBS8, BBS10, TRIM32/BBS11 BBS12, CCDC28B, CEP290, TMEM67, MKS1, MKKS
 * chaperone: BBS6

Diagnosis
The diagnosis of BBS is established by clinical findings and family history. Molecular genetic testing can be used to confirm the diagnosis. Multigene panels offer the most effective approach in achieving molecular confirmation of BBS.

Management
There is currently no specific treatment but it is important that an experienced multidisciplinary team manages patients with adequate supportive treatments.

Eponym
The syndrome is named after Georges Bardet and Arthur Biedl after they reported the first official cases in 1920 and 1922. The first known case was reported by Laurence and Moon in 1866 at the Ophthalmic Hospital in South London. Laurence–Moon–Biedl–Bardet syndrome is no longer considered as valid terms in that patients of Laurence and Moon had paraplegia but no polydactyly or obesity, which are the key elements of the Bardet–Biedl syndrome. Laurence–Moon syndrome is usually considered a separate entity. However, some recent research suggests that the two conditions may not be distinct.

, 14 (or 15) different BBS genes had been identified.

title: Bardet–Biedl syndrome


text:
Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that arises for bond owners from fluctuating interest rates. How much interest rate risk a bond has depends on how sensitive its price is to interest rate changes in the market. The sensitivity depends on two things, the bond's time to maturity, and the coupon rate of the bond.

Calculation
Interest rate risk analysis is almost always based on simulating movements in one or more yield curves using the Heath-Jarrow-Morton framework to ensure that the yield curve movements are both consistent with current market yield curves and such that no riskless arbitrage is possible. The Heath-Jarrow-Morton framework was developed in the early 1991 by David Heath of Cornell University, Andrew Morton of Lehman Brothers, and Robert A. Jarrow of Kamakura Corporation and Cornell University.

There are a number of standard calculations for measuring the impact of changing interest rates on a portfolio consisting of various assets and liabilities. The most common techniques include:

 * 1) Marking to market, calculating the net market value of the assets and liabilities, sometimes called the "market value of portfolio equity"
 * 2) Stress testing this market value by shifting the yield curve in a specific way.
 * 3) Calculating the value at risk of the portfolio
 * 4) Calculating the multiperiod cash flow or financial accrual income and expense for N periods forward in a deterministic set of future yield curves
 * 5) Doing step 4 with random yield curve movements and measuring the probability distribution of cash flows and financial accrual income over time.
 * 6) Measuring the mismatch of the interest sensitivity gap of assets and liabilities, by classifying each asset and liability by the timing of interest rate reset or maturity, whichever comes first.
 * 7) Analyzing Duration, Convexity, DV01 and Key Rate Duration.

At banks
The assessment of interest rate risk is a very large topic at banks, thrifts, saving and loans, credit unions, and other finance companies, and among their regulators. The widely deployed CAMELS rating system assesses a financial institution's: Capital adequacy, Assets, Management Capability, Earnings, Liquidity, and Sensitivity to market risk. A large portion of the Sensitivity in CAMELS is interest rate risk. Much of what is known about assessing interest rate risk has been developed by the interaction of financial institutions with their regulators since the 1990s. Interest rate risk is unquestionably the largest part of the sensitivity analysis in the CAMELS system for most banking institutions. When a bank receives a bad CAMELS rating equity holders, bond holders and creditors are at risk of loss, senior managers can lose their jobs and the firms are put on the FDIC problem bank list.

See the Sensitivity section of the CAMELS rating system for a substantial list of links to documents and examiner manuals, issued by financial regulators, that cover many issues in the analysis of interest rate risk.

In addition to being subject to the CAMELS system, the largest banks are often subject to prescribed stress testing. The assessment of interest rate risk is typically informed by some type of stress testing. See: Stress test (financial), List of bank stress tests, List of systemically important banks.

title: Interest rate risk


text:
Jason Wade

Jason Michael Wade is an American musician, best known as the lead vocalist and guitarist of the alternative rock band Lifehouse.

Lifehouse
At the age of 15, Wade co-founded Lifehouse (originally called Blyss) with neighbors Sergio Andrade and Rick Woolstenhulme. The band rose to fame when their debut album, No Name Face, was released in 2000. As of 2019, Lifehouse has sold more than 15 million singles and albums worldwide.

Solo work
Wade recorded a cover of "You Belong to Me" for the 2001 movie Shrek and its accompanying soundtrack.

He released a solo album entitled Paper Cuts in 2017. His followup LP, Ode to Silence, was released December 31, 2021.

ØZWALD
In 2018, Wade formed a band called ØZWALD with Lifehouse touring guitarist Steve Stout as a side project. The duo have released numerous singles, an EP of covers, and six full-length albums: Sweet Delirium, Born in a State, Head Movies, For Polly Anna, Young Suburban Minds, and Artificial Odyssey.

Personal life
Wade's parents are divorced. After the divorce, he and his mother moved to Seattle. According to Wade, he used the Lifehouse song "You and Me" to propose to his then-girlfriend, Braeden, whom he married in 2001.

title: Jason Wade


text:
Pierre Guérin de Tencin

Pierre-Paul Guérin de Tencin (Grenoble, 22 August 1679 – 2 March 1758), French ecclesiastic, was archbishop of Embrun and Lyon, and a cardinal. His sister was Claudine Guérin de Tencin.

Biography
After studying with the Oratorians in his native Grenoble, he entered the Sorbonne, where he became prior in 1702, and obtained the doctorate in 1705. He was then appointed Vicar-General of the diocese of Sens and, in 1721, accompanied Cardinal de Rohan to Rome as his conclavist, to support the candidacy of Cardinal Conti (Innocent XIII), from whom he had obtained a promise to bestow the purple on the French minister Guillaume Dubois. He remained at Rome as French chargé d'affaires, with the appointment in commendam of abbot of Trois-Fontaines to support him (1739–1753), until Benedict XIII, with whom he was on cordial terms of intimacy and very influential, consecrated him Archbishop of Embrun (26 June 1724).

On 22 February 1739, Guérin de Tencin was created cardinal, of the titulus of Sts. Nereus and Achilleus. He remained at Rome as French ambassador until 1742, when he took possession of the archepiscopal see of Lyon, to which he had succeeded on 19 November 1740. Louis XV appointed him minister of state in September 1742, though he held no portfolio, and Commander of the Order of Saint-Esprit.

He was overzealous in the persecution of the Jansenists, and, at the provincial synod which he held at Embrun from 16 August to 28 September 1727, he suspended Jean Soanen, Bishop of Senez, a prelate eighty years of age, who had appealed against the Bull Unigenitus.

After the death in 1743 of André-Hercule Cardinal de Fleury, the prime minister to whom he owed much of his political advancement, his influence began to decrease. The death of Claudine Guérin de Tencin, his salonist sister, in 1749 removed some of his political ambition, and in 1752 he retired to his see of Lyons.

title: Pierre Guérin de Tencin


text: User talk:207.200.116.9

title: User talk:207.200.116.9


text:
Talk:Ancestry of the people of the United States

Source of images
These maps are self-generated by me at the U.S. Census Bureau's American Factfinder site. "West Indian," "Arab," and "Sub-saharan African" ancestries are not listed. These maps focus only on the European ancestries of white or Caucasian Americans.

Hope these pictures will be educating and informative for you. -- Stevey7788 03:01, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I've also created Maps of Oakland, California and Maps of Chicago. This is part of my project of obtaining self-generated images from the American Factfinder, although I do hope a bot would be available for this because I have to do all this manually. The tiring steps are :

 * Selecting preferences/color/settings/location
 * Selecting the theme
 * Saving image
 * Uploading

Maybe a bot would be nice to have.

-- Stevey7788 03:01, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The page is missing a map for Swiss ancestry, which is listed on the source site. Please add it since I can't quite figure out how. 69.248.116.112 22:05, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

Using Factfinder
If you would like to learn how to use the American Factfinder, here's how (it takes a while to learn it):

Go to the website's main page and click on the "Data sets" tab on the left side. Once the page loads, you should see "Summary File (SF) 1," "SF 2," "SF 3," and so forth. Use SF 1 for race, renter/owner occupation, and age/sex data. SF 3 is for all sorts of economic, social, and housing characteristics.

Now click on "SF 1" or "SF 3." You can now select "quick tables," "detailed tables," or "thematic maps." Once you've selected something, select "place," "county," "state," etc. Then select a theme.

Summary of operations: Main -- All Data Sets -- Data Sets with Thematic Maps -- Geography -- Themes -- Results

There are a lot more features I haven't mentioned. Feel free to experiment with the Factfinder tools.

Thanks.

-- Stevey7788 03:01, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

year
are these from the 2000 census? - Omegatron 21:19, May 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes they are, 2000. — Stevey7788 (talk) 06:07, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Moving page
I moved this page because United Statian is not the term for a resident or citizen of the United States. -Acjelen 18:06, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Unsupported page move
No consensus was reached prior to moving this page. It should be reverted to its correct title, "Ancestries of Americans". Firebug 03:23, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Support current title, "Ancestries of the people of the United States", since the article is only about the heritage of people in the United States. Iff the article covered all of the Americas (North America, South America, Central America, and the Caribbean), then, and only then, the title should be "Ancestries of Americans". Blank Verse   ∅   09:46, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Actually, since the article is almost totally maps, and only covers certain European countries (no Switzerland or Austria, for example) plus African ancestry (from a separate source), even the title "Ancestries of the people of the United States" is too broad (no Asian ancestry, for example). I would support a name change to "Maps of ancestries of the people of the United States" (or something similar). Blank Verse   ∅   09:46, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree with Blank Verse. No Account 00:05, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I added introductory paragraphs and changed the level structure so that more information could be added to make it a broader topic. Originally this article was original research at best or a vanity page at worst. I had intended on nominating it for deletion, but thought I would try to improve it instead. -Acjelen 17:16, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

Moved page
The page was moved again, this time to Maps of American ancestries because this page isabout maps. It is different from Demographics of the United States. — Stevey7788 (talk) 01:23, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

Hispanic population
What about Hispanic/Latino ancestry? --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 18:09, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

The Latinos are divided into many groups; the leading of which is "Mexican", and "Spanish from Spain"... — Badlands17

SPANIARDS ALSO SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN THE "EUROPEAN AMERICAN" CATEGORY Why you don´t include Spanish people in teh European American category as Spaniards are European. Even more curious that you include "Portugese Americans" but not "Spanish Americans" (?)--79.150.147.218 (talk) 00:57, 27 July 2011 (UTC)

"American" ancestry is Confederate ancestry
These people's ancestors were repatriated Americans. IP Address 13:16, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Ironic on the face of it, perhaps. But the southern Appalachians were the major center of Unionist sentiment within the Confederacy, while in the northern Appalachians WV seceded from VA to stay in the Union. --JWB 21:02, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

I think that the Constitutional Union Party (United States) has something to do with this; the core of the area seems to be the Border states (Civil War), but the general gist of it seems to be the original colonists. Then again, most Southern ancestry seems to be African. Slaves obviously outnumbered their masters, so your argument doesn't hold water. In respect of political parties and alliances throughout the war, it is so ironic that Rhode Island elected Democratic governors in the thick of heavy violence by Northern Republicans against Southern Democrats. IP Address 04:33, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, you can also talk about Highland and Lowland Southern cultures as David Hackett Fischer does. But getting back to "American" ancestry, the main factor is that more Northerners have recent ethnic roots, so everyone is assumed to have an ethnicity. Anyway, the Confederate States of America were still American, not to mention the rest of the hemisphere. --JWB 06:10, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

Right; DHF is totally on the mark. I'm Chapter Four, North Britain: Borderland to the Backcountry and of the same roots as the Calverts in Maryland. I consider myself American for this reason, regardless of composite ethnic heritages. Of course, my male ancestor goes back to Brittany anyways (like the Stuarts, whom had their English powerbase in Northumbria). This makes me like a North English Cavalier, with extensive Celtic relations (Lords Baltimore were Irish Catholic Barons). Out of eighths in my great grandparents, I have 2 Northumbria, 4 Wessex, 2 Normandy. I did not know that some of the Calverts and Robert E. Lee were descended from King James, which is the most recent royal blood in America. Somebody ought to track this blood descent down, because of course the Stuart legacy is strong in our country. Stuarts in fact have a fan base in the South, while the later (Protestant) dynasties seem to be a concern of Northerners. It is ironic that the staunchly Protestant South looks to a usually Catholic dynasty, while an increasingly Catholic North looks to Protestant dynasties. Strange. IP Address 06:52, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

 * The North is already about as Catholic as it's likely to get. It's the South where Catholicism is on the increase, with migration from the North, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Not sure what you mean by Northern interest in later dynasties? --JWB 20:25, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

I think it also is important to remember that most of the people who describe their ancestry as "American" are southerners. Most who's lineage has been in the U.S. for so long in some cases since discovery. However easy to find by surnames and accents that they are easily distinguished to be from some kind of Celtic or Anglo stock. For example think of all the adjacent town names in a metropolitain area like Atlanta compared to Detroit.

---

As the uploader of the American ancestries images, I'd like to say that the ancestries are all self-reported from the 2000 U.S. Census. When the U.S. Census went around and asked people their ancestries on the census forms, they included the "American"/"United States" ancestry option and left the respondents to freely interpret the question.

As a result, "American" ancestry people are people who personally identify themselves as "Americans," and these images in no way represent scholarly opinions, as they are not created by scholars, but rather put together from personal responses. When the census data came out around 2000, it turned out that most self-reported "American" ancestry people were from the southeast U.S.

In my opinion I believe that this trend is higher in the Southeast due to higher numbers of descendants of early European colonists living in the Southeast. The respondents who chose "American" most likely wanted to contrast themselves against any specific regional European ancestry, such as "Scottish," "English," "Irish," and among others. The early European colonists were people who had lived in the original 13 States before American Independence, and most respondents probably wanted to do so to express their pride in being "original Americans." Personally, I think the link between Confederate affiliations and self-reported "American" ancestry" is highly dubious.

This image represents solely self-reporting, and more than one factor contributes to this trend.

— Stevey7788 (talk) 23:37, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

Reported "American" ancestry is uneven even among white Southerners. Take a look at the "American" and "Scotch-Irish" maps side by side; to some extent they are complementary, with people tending to report more of one or the other in different areas of the South. I believe much of the variation in "American" ancestry reporting is due to more recent developments in regional culture, education, or historiography that have varied by individual region, emphasizing or deemphasizing ethnic heritage vs. American identity. --JWB 23:53, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

My two cents, as I indicated myself to be 'American' on the 2000 census. I am from SW Missouri originally, although my family ties are SE Kansas and NW Missouri. I put American because I have ancestors from so many different areas, that it would be unjust to pick just one. My first ancestors arrived in the New World in the 1630's from the Plymoth area. Not long after, a protestant Irish relative was sent to the colonies as an indentured servant. I can also trace my lineage to Wales, Scotland, and Germany, with the last arriving in the 1840's. Oh, and this is only my mom's side. On my dad's side we can't trace very far, but I know that a great-grandpa was half-Cherokee (SE Kansas). Because of this varied ethnicity and the knowledge that my family has been on this continent for a relatively long time I choose American. Besides, I have been to Europe a few times and I can't really identify with many of the customs and beliefs. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.229.46.94 (talk) 21:06, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

I am from Spain and from my point of view it is evident that an "American" ethnic group exists. Clearly. Americans are not English, the same way Argentines are not Spaniards. Also the "English" ethnic group was formed after immigration of different tribes (Angles, Saxons, Danish, Celts, Normands, Jutes) Their amalgammation gave birth to the "English" people. The same way, "Americans" are a different ethnicity.--79.150.147.218 (talk) 01:03, 27 July 2011 (UTC)

There are various different ethnic groups in the United States, so there can't be an "American" ethnicity. As can be seen from the census, there are European Americans like German, Irish, British etc, African Americans from various countries, Asian Americans like Chinese, Indian, Filipino etc, as well as different indigenous ethnic groups often collectively called Native Americans. Can you explain what you mean by an "American" ethnic group existing in Spain? Are you referring to Native Americans? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.142.200.18 (talk) 03:39, 2 August 2011 (UTC)

orientals
i like how orientals and asians dont even exist in usa. even though they have the highest population in the world

 * Regional European ancestries are shown here currently, and non-white ancestries will be added now in the next few hours. ;) — Stevey7788 (talk) 23:39, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

 * On Regional European ancestries - what about a map of Portuguese ancestry? For sure there's more Americans with Portuguese ancestry than those with Romanian ou Hungarian ancestry.

Did not mark the last edit as "Minor"
Edit at 17:12, 15 March 2007, was minor. Apologies. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 67.54.255.14 (talk) 17:20, 15 March 2007 (UTC).

American ancestry article
Why do we have articles for every ancestry but not for "American ancestry"? I wanted to learn more about the subject but couldn't. --Taraborn (talk) 21:31, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

Pennsylvania Dutch Reference
The Pennsylvania Dutch are not a specifically religious group or even especially "iconic". I think whoever wrote that section was thinking of the Amish. The PA Dutch are descendants of German speaking people who emigrated to Pennsylvania mainly before 1800 or so. They shared a common language, German or Deutsch, which through the years evolved into a distinctive dialect called Pennsylfawnisch Deitsch. Culturally they were somewhat isolated due to their language, but were not especially distinctive in regards to their religion as the majority were of what today are considered mainline protestant churches, such as Lutheran (today mostly ELCA) and Reformed (today UCC), with a double sprinkling (a "spritzing" in Deitsch, lol) of various Anabaptist groups, including Amish, Mennonite and Brethren. Because a central idea of anabaptists is the right for an individual to consciously choose his or her faith after the age of majority, they were found in nearly every religious group they came into contact with in the very diverse PA, including Quakers, Universalists, Methodists, and Presbyterians. They were less likely, though it was certainly not unheard of, for them to join the Catholic or Episcopal church. More than a few were and are simply unchurched. This article should be updated to be clear that while "Amish" is a religious tradition (with many different expressions), "Pennsylvania Dutch" is an ethnicity differentiated by mostly linguistic differences and only slightly by sectarian tendencies, more similar to, say, Swedish-Americans, than Jewish-Americans. Nosimplehiway (talk) 18:50, 1 May 2009 (UTC)

 * I completely agree... When I read that section, it was clear that the writer was refering only to the "Plain People" or perhaps more specifically just the Old Order Amish, who make up only a small part of the Pennsylvania Dutch ethnicity. I'm of half Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry and I'm not religious at all, and my father even considered himself an atheist. Though in the past, the Pennsylvania Dutch were relatively isolated due to their rural location and distinctive language, today most people of Pennsylvania Dutch heritage speak only English and have been largely assimilated in mainstream culture. Their influence is still felt in the art, food, dialects, and world view of the area... They are set apart from other German Americans due to their distinctive history and culture much in the same way that Cajuns are different than French and even French Canadian. --129.68.111.84 (talk) 18:45, 28 July 2009 (UTC)

Ok, I am a Pennsylvanian and I am sure the author was confusing the Old Order Amish and Mennonites with Pennsylvania Dutch. Many people make this error, especially given the fact that these religious groups are now pretty much the only ones who still speak the Pennsylvania Dutch language.

I also looked up the Assyrian wikipedia page and it reads in pertinent part: Assyrians were originally Pagans, who where followers of Ashurism, an Assyro-Babylonian religion, which is the Ancient Mesopotamian religion, and some adopted Judaism, Gnosticism and Manicheanism; however most now belong to various Christian denominations such as the Church of the East, with an estimated 300,000–400,000 members,[93] the Chaldean Catholic Church, with about 900,000 members,[94] and the Syriac Orthodox Church (ʿIdto Suryoyto Triṣaṯ Šuḇḥo), which has between one and four million members around the world,[95] and various Protestant churches. While Assyrians are predominantly Christians, a significant number are irreligious.

I don't think this supports the statement that being Assyrian implies a religion, since the three Christian sects mentioned are quite different. I am deleting the entire statement about PaD and Assyrians. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.175.63.218 (talk) 00:00, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

European ancestry maps
The maps do not seem to have any key to indicate the actual proportions shown by different tones. This issue has arisen at Scottish people, where there are moves to remove File:Scottish1346.gif from the article. Can someone respond helpfully to the discussion on that page? Ghmyrtle (talk) 08:32, 14 July 2010 (UTC)

I deleted the "American Ancestry" map from the European ancestry maps because "American" is not a European ancestry. "American" ancestry refers to Indigenous peoples of the United States. However, the real ethnicity of the people who marked their ancestry as "American" in the census is unknown. If a map must be made, it should be made under a separate heading as "miscellaneous." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.142.200.18 (talk) 12:04, 1 August 2011 (UTC)

2010 Census info yet?
Does anyone know when this sort of information gets released for the most recent census?-- Patrick, o Ѻ ∞ 13:42, 15 April 2011 (UTC)

where never going to get a 2010 ansestries map becasue census burueu no longer asks the question of what ethnic heritage people have only race. thing is the country is going though a hugh demographic shift and american ansestry was going though ethno-genisis and growing bigger as more people married into that culture and began having more children. this is very similar to another country where this was going in in earlier centuries like england or even russia. over a period of several centuries the original americans would eventual come to be part of most americans ansestry in some way. but to answer your question theres diffinatly not going to be a 2010 ansestries yet and this has actually casued a ridiculus controversy and made a great many people mad. for instance middle easterners would rather not be considered white race but instead have been listed by national origin or just as a middle eastern culture by itself. i myself my house hold was acidentally listed as german when in fact we have a english sounding last name and this was never resolved we were appalachian american in reality. so i feel your pain if your still waiting on 2010 ansestries data. 76.211.5.253 (talk) 23:03, 22 October 2011 (UTC)

New 2010 census map
Hello I was looking at the 2010 county census map to see different ancestries. In the previous map from 2010 Utah was mostly "English". Now the image uploaded for 2010 says, "Mormon"... When did Mormon become an ancestry why isn't it still English? Is Mormon a race or ethnicity now? I did not know. Thanks. Instead of American it says Southern. 24.8.243.117 (talk) 21:16, 27 June 2011 (UTC)

 * I'm having some issue with this new map, File:American Ancestrial Plurality (2010).png. First off, to answer my own question above, the Census Bureau dropped the ancestries question from the 2010 Census. So there never will be new census data to match the 2000 Census. That doesn't mean that other groups don't do census-like studies of American ancestry, just they would be rough surveys, and less official.
 * So I'm a bit confused as to where this new map comes from. I can't find any sort of data the could be used to create one like it using the Census Bureau's FactFinder website. Can anyone? Am I not looking in the right places? The file description states it is "according to us cencus 2010", but could this map be from another organization? I'd ask the map's creator, but the user that uploaded it last month has been blocked indefinitely for sockpuppetry.
 * All this being considered, I'm tempted to remove it from the page till its origin is sorted out. Sorry if this doesn't answer your question about "Mormon" or "Southern", but clearly something is very different about this map.-- Patrick, o Ѻ ∞ 18:16, 1 August 2011 (UTC)

Removal of referances
Need an explanation as to why references are being removed and a map that is made for statistical data. You may not believe that American ethnicity is possible but it is. Pls read over thisMoxy (talk) 20:21, 3 August 2011 (UTC)

I read the census report and agree that you have a point when you say that there are people who marked their ancestry as American. However, the listing of "American" ancestry under a heading of European ancestry is erroneous as "American" is not a European ancestry. It could refer to people of any ancestry (European, African, Asian, Central/South American or native American). The census document only lists its suspicions, not any definitive terms. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.142.200.18 (talk) 00:46, 4 August 2011 (UTC)

I deleted the "American Ancestry" map from the European ancestry maps because "American" is not a European ancestry. "American" ancestry refers to Indigenous peoples of the United States. However, the real ethnicity of the people who marked their ancestry as "American" in the census is unknown. If a map must be made, it should be made under a separate heading as "miscellaneous." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.142.200.18 (talk) 00:53, 4 August 2011 (UTC)

I will wait for a week until August 11 and if no one responds, I will delete it again. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.142.200.18 (talk) 07:27, 4 August 2011 (UTC)

 * Ok we dont make things up here - all we can do is regurgitate what is out there - We cant use "YOUR" definition of who is an American. A Native American is not the same as an American. Please read  over Verifiability - The threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth—whether readers can check that material in Wikipedia has already been published by a reliable source, not whether editors think it is true.Moxy (talk) 12:06, 4 August 2011 (UTC)

 * I'm confused, what's the problem with putting the map in the "Major ancestries" section? Or even by itself in the prose, with a caption explaining that many citizens consider their ancestry to be only "American". Either way, we shouldn't remove the map, that's a non-starter here. There also isn't a deadline on Wikipedia, so waiting a week won't make a certain position right or not.-- Patrick, o Ѻ ∞ 13:47, 4 August 2011 (UTC)

I dont see what the issue is with having that map up there. Why can't people refer to their ancestry as American, if your family has been here for more then 3 generation I beliee thats technically American. Millertime246 (talk) 00:39, 23 October 2011 (UTC)

What is going on here?? The article is about the data from the "Ancestry" question on the US Census. The above discussion of other meanings of "ancestry" is irrelevant. The title that the article was recently moved to is misleading. --JWB (talk) 20:29, 17 August 2012 (UTC)

Data for a new map
While the ancestries question was removed from the 2010 Census, the Census Bureau still includes it in the American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, and the 2010 data is available. Bloomberg has a map online, but it looks odd to my eye. For one, African-Americans are divided up such that they hardly show up. For example, D.C. is listed a "Predominately Irish", which is hard to fathom, even with recent changes. But if someone was interested in getting the statistics and breaking them down, here's the site!-- Patrick, o Ѻ ∞ 00:55, 4 September 2012 (UTC)


text:
Mudar Badran

Mudar Mohammad Ayesh Badran (مضر بدران; 18 January 1934 – 22 April 2023) was a Jordanian politician, government minister, and industrialist. He served as the 23rd Prime Minister of Jordan on three occasions from 1976 to 1979, then again from 1980 to 1984, and finally from 1989 to 1991.

Biography
Badran was born in Jerash, Jordan (then the Emirate of Transjordan, a colony of the United Kingdom) in 1934 to Palestinian parents. His father hailed from Nablus. He studied at the Damascus University in French Syria and graduated as a lawyer. Badran started his career as a young officer in the Jordanian army. Later, he served as the Director of the General Intelligence Directorate in the 1970s, during Black September. Following this troubled time, he became chief of the Hashemite Royal Court. He also served as Minister of Education.

Badran became Prime Minister of Jordan from 1976 to 1984, with a brief interruption from 1979 until 1980. He was appointed to the position again on 4 December 1989, replacing Zaid bin Shaker after his resignation. Badran's third term lasted until 1991, when Jordan once again became a democracy, and the Senate gained its legitimate powers again after two decades with no parliamentary elections. He served more than eight years as prime minister, which made him the second longest-serving prime minister of Jordan, second only to Zaid al-Rifai. He also served as foreign minister from 1976 to 1979 and as defense minister for most of the time that he was prime minister. Badran was a close associate of King Hussein.

In 1993, he was appointed a member of the Senate. In 2011, he was given an honorary PhD in economics from the Hashemite University. Badran was also the target of a failed assassination attempt in Amman in February 1981 by the Syrian Defense Companies.

Personal life
Badran's younger brother, Adnan Badran was prime minister of Jordan in 2005.

Badran lived in Abdoun neighborhood of Amman with his wife, Mo'mina. They had two sons and three daughters. His daughter, Reem Badran, served as a deputy in the House of Representatives.

Phasing out of political life, Badran headed to the private sector where he started a steel company, Jordan Steel P.L.C., in 1993. It became a leading steel manufacturer in the country.

Death
Badran died on 22 April 2023, at the age of 89.

title: Mudar Badran


text:
Teniers

Teniers is a Dutch language surname. It may refer to:

 * Abraham Teniers (1629–1670), Flemish painter
 * David Teniers the Elder (1582–1649), Flemish painter
 * David Teniers the Younger (1610–1690), Flemish painter
 * David Teniers III (1638–1685), Flemish painter
 * Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers, Abbot in Antwerp.
 * Juliaen Teniers the Elder (1572–1615), Flemish painter

title: Teniers