text:
Talk:Flag of Poland

Meaning
Perhaps it would be worth to mention in the article the meaning commonly associated to the colors of the flag: white meaning honor and red meaning blood - to fight for the honor. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.74.102.207 (talk) 22:19, 5 February 2013 (UTC)

Rights to fly the flag
Added a bit about the law forbidding to fly the flag. Since the fall of communism it was a dead law. And state bodies even encouraged to fly the flag. It was changed in 2004 only after some large newspapers dug it up. IMHO this clarification is needed as people who visited Poland in the years between 1989 and 2004 could see polish flags on many private homes and businesses (for instance on May 3rd and november 11th) and on union demonstrations etc. And noone was aware of the law (including the police). The articles in 2003/4 started beacuse some police officer in a provinsional town dug up the law and started harrasing some businesses. After the articles it was scraped immediately. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.238.66.1 (talk) 21:58, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

WHY IS SOMEONE UNDOING THE ADDED TEXT. THAT'S JUST PLAIN STUPID. IT DOESN'T MAKE SENSE THE WAY THAT PERSON WANTS IT, WHEN YOU LOOK ON FOR INSTANCE PICS FROM STATE HOLIDAYS IN THE 90s! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.238.66.1 (talk) 22:01, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I removed that bit again because it was unsourced. You are welcome to put it back in the article, iff you find a reliable source that supports it. I'm not saying that what you wrote is untrue, but to keep Wikipedia standards, we must only include information that a reader may check in outside sources. Also, it would better, if you find some more details: what was the title of the newspaper that wrote about this law? Can you cite a specific article? What was the name of the policeman who used the law to harass businesses? Also note that the fact that the Polish flag was flown on national holdays does not mean that the law was not obeyed because it did allow people to fly the flag on those days. It was only forbidden on regular days. — Kpalion(talk) 20:17, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I had to remove it once before due to citation issues. Pretty much, as Kpalion said before, we need sources for that kind of statement. User:Zscout370 (Return Fire) 21:41, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

CIE
Isn't the LAB spec in L* a* b* or H* C* L* form, rather than x y Y? ButterStick (talk) 12:03, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Please take a look at this attachment to the Coat of Arms Act that defines the national colors. Here's an exact translation of the specs:
 * Trichromatic color coordinates x, y, their component Y, and the permissible color difference ΔE in the CIE 1976 (L* u* v*) color space established according to the CIELUV formula at illuminant C and measurement geometry d/0
 * I must say I'm not an expert in colorimetry, so I don't know if it makes sense or not, and whether coordinates in the CIELUV space should be xyY, Luv, Lab or HCL. — Kpalion(talk) 16:06, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Fixed in text, and fixed for CIE xyY links in general. The Polish law states the coordinates in CIE xyY while giving the allowed color range using the CIELUV color space (this is the Delta E part) which unlike CIE xyY allows for measuring distances in a perceptually reasonable way. --Mareklug talk 00:28, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

Colors?
I have heard that there was a long debate on Polish wiki w/ regards to colors - something about official documents being mistaken and enforcing a digital gray color instead of expected white. Could this be commented upon? Perhaps this even is notable enough to merit inclusion in main article.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 18:37, 26 November 2007 (UTC)
 * This is already summed up in one of the footnotes to the article. Basically, the problem is that that legal specs are in the CIE color space, so they must be converted to RGB to display them on a computer screen. The conversion is not entirely straightforward and an assuption must be made about the white point. For the purpose of creating a digital image of the Polish flag, the white point was assumed at 6500K which correponds to a hue described as "Broad-Band Daylight Fluorescent". The resulting RGB coordinates are: white E9E8E7 and red D4213D. Note that the resulting shade of white is darker than web white which is FFFFFF (this is regardless of the assumed white point; the white point affects the hue, but not the brightness). As I noted above, I'm not an expert in colorimetry, so if you want more details about this, please ask Polish WP user DeJotPe who made the calculations.
 * Some Polish Wikipedians disliked the resulting visual effect and complained that the flag shown in Wikipedia was gray-and-red rather than white-and-red. Several alternative variants of the image were proposed, notably a "web" variant (FFFFFF, FF0000), and a "compromise" variant (FFFFFF, D4213D). After a long discussion, it was agreed that the "normative" variant (E9E8E7, D4213D) should be used in the article about the Polish flag itself (actually, the image at the top is a photograph of a real life flag), while the "compromise" variant should be used for flag icons in other articles. Currently, the same solution is in place in the English Wikipedia (agreements at Polish WP are not binding here, but why not copy a good solution?).
 * I don't think this deserves mention in the main body of the article. The flag is legally defined as a "piece of cloth ... hoisted on a flagpole," so you shouldn't expect the law to provide color specs in RGB, since an image displayed on a computer screen is not a flag anyway. — Kpalion(talk) 19:13, 26 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Plus, I believe that Wikipedia politics should not be aired out in this fashion on the article. There is a policy like that, I believe it is called "Avoid self references", but I have no clue where the exact page is. Gruntbrat (talk) 02:12, 28 November 2007 (UTC)
 * It's Self-references to avoid. — Kpalion(talk) 23:29, 30 November 2007 (UTC)
 * This has been discussed to death on Wikimedia Commons as well as elsewhere. Anyway, the assumption of 6500 K as the white point is appropriate; the sRGB standard (which web content has to follow anyway), iirc, specifies 6500 K (or something along this line...) 202.89.153.149 (talk) 12:10, 20 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I just added a section below, which reveals a new citable source addressing the grayness and showing coordinates for proper display of the flag on monitors. It was written by a physicist, so we can use it as plausible and avoid self-reference issues altogether while gaining a valuable outside source. --Mareklug talk 00:32, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

GA review

 * GA review (see here for criteria)

 * 1) It is reasonably well written.
 * a (prose): b (MoS):
 * 1) It is factually accurate and verifiable.
 * a (references): b (citations to reliable sources):  c (OR):
 * 1) It is broad in its coverage.
 * a (major aspects): b (focused):
 * 1) It follows the neutral point of view policy.
 * Fair representation without bias:
 * 1) It is stable.
 * No edit wars etc.:
 * 1) It is illustrated by images, where possible and appropriate.
 * a (images are tagged and non-free images have fair use rationales): b (appropriate use with suitable captions):
 * 1) Overall:
 * Pass/Fail:
 * 1) It is illustrated by images, where possible and appropriate.
 * a (images are tagged and non-free images have fair use rationales): b (appropriate use with suitable captions):
 * 1) Overall:
 * Pass/Fail:
 * 1) Overall:
 * Pass/Fail:

Details:

 * The lede seems a bit skimpy for the article. There is nothing in the lede about the flag protocol, nor when the flag is used by most folks. Also missing is more detailed information on the background of the flag and nothing on the last section, the related and similar flags.WP:Lede gives a guideline of about 3 or 4 paragraphs for an article of this size.
 * ✅ Please let me know, if this is still too short. — Kpalion(talk) 23:55, 3 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Design section, National colors subsection, second paragraph, needs a citation for the information in the paragraph. ✅
 * Same section subsection, both of these paragraphs are very short, only two sentences each. This gives a choppy feel to the subsection, and you might consider expanding the paragraphs or merging them together. ✅
 * Same section, Variants subsection, first paragraph, second sentence. It might be better to start the sentence like "Instead, the flag is defined.." which gives a better flow to the paragraph and makes it explicit that flag is being discussed in the second sentence. ✅
 * Same section, subsection. Last sentence needs a citation.
 * ✅ The citation is an obsolete version of the Coat of Arms Act, but it's the only online version I could find with the relevant attachments. The specs for proportions were not repealed by subsequent amendmens. — Kpalion(talk) 02:17, 31 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Usage section, Flag flying days subsection, at the very least each paragraph needs a citation, even if it repeats the citation in the previous paragraph. Specifically, the last parts of the paragraph on Polish Flag Day need a source, the list of days above that needs a source, the list below needs a source,and the next to last paragraph needs a source. ✅
 * Flag protocol section, first paragraph. Do footnotes 2 and 3 cover the entire paragraph? If so, they can go at the end of the paragraph. If they don't, the last sentence definitely needs a source.
 * ✅ They do cover the entire paragraph. — Kpalion(talk) 02:17, 31 January 2008 (UTC) ✅
 * History section, national cockade subsection, first paragraph needs a source citation.
 * This paragraph is meant to be a summary of the entire subsection, so I'm not sure if it requires citations since sources are given later in the subsection. — Kpalion(talk) 07:26, 23 January 2008 (UTC)
 * History section, Twentieth century subsection, Second paragraph needs a source citation. ✅
 * Same section and subsection, the last paragraph is short. Might not hurt to expand it a bit, but this is not something to hold back the article over.
 * I couldn't find any more interesting information on this topic in my sources. — Kpalion(talk) 22:06, 3 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Same section, shades of red subsection. Last sentence of the first paragraph needs a source citation. ✅
 * Related and similar flags section, the last sentence of the first paragraph needs a source citation. Also the second paragraph and the last paragraph. ✅
 * The shades of red comparision chart, might you left align it so it aligns with the shades of red subsection? ✅

Overall, an excellent article. Just needs a few source citations and some expansion on the lede paragraph and a few very small tweaks. I enjoyed reading it!

I've reviewed the article and left notes on the talk page. I've put the nomination on hold for seven days to allow the issues to be addressed. Feel free to contact me on my talk page, here, or on the article talk page with any concerns, and let me know one of those places when the issues have been addressed. If I may suggest that you strike out, check mark, or otherwise mark the items I've detailed, that will make it possible for me to see what's been addressed, and you can keep track of what's been done and what still needs to be worked on.Ealdgyth | Talk 15:46, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks for reviewing the article, Ealdgyth, and I'm glad you liked it. I started to go through your list of suggested improvements and did the easy ones. For the rest, I'll need a little more effort, but I will be quite busy and away from my sources during this week. Could you extend the on-hold period until the end of next week (i.e. February 3), please? — Kpalion(talk) 07:26, 23 January 2008 (UTC)
 * No problem at all to extend. About the sourcing question above, I am not sure about the use of summary paragraphs in sections, and as a general rule, I figure if it's possible it could be contentious, I slap a citation on it. So, to be safe, go ahead and source it. Especially as it's got sources later down. Ealdgyth | Talk 14:13, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Looks great! Sorry, was busy watching the American Football Super Bowl, so didn't notice you were ready until just now. Pasing it now! Ealdgyth | Talk 06:15, 4 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I put the current status in the Article history template as GA. There isn't a status for Current GA that was a FAC but didn't get listed. If I screwed up, please fix it. Ealdgyth | Talk 06:23, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

Darkened white calculation for the Polish flag confirmed off Wikipedia
In a 1 May 2008 Polish newspaper article "Szyjemy flagę narodową" (translation: Let's sew up the national flag) in the daily Gazeta Wyborcza, its author, physicist Stanisław Bajtlik, included a computer-generated image of a darkened-white and crimson Polish flag as closely approximating the official CIE xyY values with their allowed variances specified in CIELUV color space as mandated by the Polish law for Poland's national colors. He also provided decimal RGB color component values for the flag's white (240, 227, 237) and its red (212, 29, 58). This is a first independent confirmation and verification of calculations and resultant image generation performed on the Wikipedia. He also names the persons (and interviews one survivor) involved in crafting the law in 1980. This information should be added to and elaborated upon in the article, particularly as augmenting the reference number 4, as it constitutes a valuable source previously sought but until now, unavailable.

The article contains the following passage, a comment on the arcane nature of the official color description, which identifies beyond doubt that the correct computer monitor output is the intended outcome by the article author: "Dlatego postarałem się podać prosty, chałupniczy sposób na uszycie sobie prawidłowej flagi narodowej na monitorze komputera." ("That's why I ventured to give a simple, home means for sewing up for ourselves a correct national flag on a computer monitor.") --Mareklug talk 23:19, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Marek, I don't understand your last edit. Does it mean that the coordinates are in one color space, CIE xyY (1931), but the tolerated variance ΔE is in another space, CIELUV (1976)? — Kpalion(talk) 00:48, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Exactly. CIE xyY is convenient and often used for specifying colors themselves, but as a space lacks meaningful metrics for comparing colors (color difference). CIE introduced in 1976 CIE Lab and CIE Luv to approximate perceptual nonlinearity and allow comparing color distances. This has been refined over the years. Curiously, the Polish law uses a little-used variant of the 1976 Delta E, which is a straighforward application of Delta E as defined on CIE Lab space, only using u and v in place of a and b parameters. Hope this makes sense. The color difference article on Wikipedia does not even mention using the u and v parameters in the simple 1976 Delta E, so I made sure we always mention that fact in conjunction with the Polish official specs from 1980. --Mareklug talk 05:45, 4 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the explanation. I reworded some bits a little without changing the meaning in the National colors section. I also decided to remove the technical details from the Shades of red section as this is already covered in detail in the other section and instead added the info about Mr Sobczak being the author of these specs, citing the news article you linked to above. — Kpalion(talk) 14:30, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

 * While it's clear that the conversion from CIE to sRGB done previously by DeJotPe on plwiki is close to Bajtlik's result, I think it's worth noting that they are not exactly the same. You can compare the variants on the right. DeJotPe is the current "normative use" flag, while white/crimson is the "symbolic use" flag on Commons. Having an external confirmation is nice, but it also brings a problem, which variant to choose as the normative one -- DeJotPe or Bajtlik? This has not yet been decided on plwiki. --Wanted (talk) 16:24, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

Polish Colours
I have no source to back this up, but I do believe the Red and White were NOT hereditary, but a statement, where white meant Peace and red meant War, as in "Peace over War". I can't conform this, but I think that in the Napoleonic Era, a war Polish Flag was read with the bird on it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.202.219.65 (talk) 15:45, 19 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Sorry to be blunt, but what you think or believe is irrelevant here, in Wikipedia. What is relevant is sources, which you don't have. — Kpalion(talk) 08:52, 1 August 2009 (UTC)

RfC?
It might be an idea to start a Request for Comment to get wider input on the colour issue. Thoughts? mgiganteus1 (talk) 18:48, 19 June 2011 (UTC)
 * There is no colour issue, it's a content issue. Previously, we only showed two PNG versions of the flag, which match the official legal codes. However, the problem in that is two-fold. One, we try and use SVGs where ever we can, and two, even the Polish Government don't always follow those codes, using pure-white flags, which match the SVGs. Therefore I have made a comprimise position seen here http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&oldid=435129893, which allows both versions to be shown. However, UserKpalion believes these files can't be shown no matter what, and is trying everything he can think of to keep the SVGs off this page, even though they're used everywhere else. There is nothing wrong with showing both versions, th official legal codes AND the SVGs, and another user has already agreed upon my comprimise edit. user:Kpalion is being disruptive due to a personal distaste for the SVGs which he views and inferior. He has been rude and pushy, even on this talk page, against the SVGs being used at all, even when others disagree with him about it. Fry1989 (talk) 18:57, 19 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Welcome to the talkpage, Fry! Yes, this is the right place to discuss possible changes in order to reach a compromise before implementing these changes in the actual article. Glad you finally found it!
 * To the point: I don't think there is a need to include two illustrations of the same flag; one based on official specifications and another one based on... I don't know, pictures found in the Internet? If the format is an issue, then please go ahead and convert the PNG files with correct colors to SVG; it should be fairly easy to do. If the colors are an issue, then please find a reliable source that supports the "pure white" variant of the flag; if you don't, then it's original research. If a possible mismatch between the legal specs and reality is an issue, then we have photographs of actual flags, so everyone can make comparisons for themselves. If something else is an issue, then please let us know what it is. — Kpalion(talk) 03:00, 21 June 2011 (UTC)
 * TYour snark aside, we use SVG flags whenever possible. There is a tonne of proof, whether you want to call it "original research" or not, that the flags used (even by the Government) are white. The main issue you have, is that the SVG version of the Arms don't match the PNG version in gradients and shadows. You're acting like that has nothing to do with the problem, but there are many conversations you've had where that is your real problem. There's nothing wrong with the current compromise, which two users have signed on to. We cannot pretend that the legal shades are explicitly followed, when there is plenty proof they aren't. Fry1989 (talk) 03:39, 21 June 2011 (UTC)
 * You keep repeating there's plenty of proof, but you haven't provided even one citation of a reliable source. — Kpalion(talk) 04:55, 21 June 2011 (UTC)
 * You're acting like hundreds of pictures aren't proof enough. There's even pics of it flying from the Sejm building where the flag is white. If the Polish Government doesn't follow the rules explicitly, how can you expect the rest of the Polish public to do so? And you still haven't given a reason why my compromise isn't acceptable, and that we can't show the flag both under the official legal shades, and as commonly used with white. Fry1989 (talk) 19:39, 21 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Pick one picture out of those hundreds and post it here so that we can see how white the white in that picture is. — Kpalion(talk) 02:32, 22 June 2011 (UTC)
 *  Flying atop the Sejm ,  Inside the Sejm Chamber ,  Indoor use ,  Use by the Polish Navy , and  Polish naval ensign . Fry1989 (talk) 19:16, 22 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Thank you. Now please tell me, how many shades of white are there in these photographs? And how do you tell which shade is the correct one? Or better, how can a photograph of a fluttering flag prove anything in regards to the correct shades of national colors? — Kpalion(talk) 20:53, 22 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Ok, you're really not getting this, so let my try and explain it really simple. There are the official legal codes, and THEY are the "correct shades of national colors". But in practice, most flags are WHITE, and white is white, any other shade would make it grey. So, the compromise is, we show BOTH the official legal codes, and the commonly-used white, not varying shades of grey, not pink, not any other colour. That shows the legality, and the reality. Now, explain why that is not acceptable. Fry1989 (talk) 21:54, 22 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Fry, you're saying there is only one shade of white; I'm saying white is a color like any other and comes in a infinite number of shades. So does grey, and you can't tell exactly where white ends and grey begins; in fact, what one person calls a shade of white, another person may call a shade of grey and both will be right. Now what the Polish law says is not "the national colors of Poland are white and red, except the white is actually grey". It says, "the national colors of Poland and white and red, and these are the shades of white and red we're gonna use".
 * What you perceive as white or grey may depends on context; the white stripe of the Polish flag may seem grey to you against an even brighter white background. Against a black background it may seem perfectly white. Another thing to take into account is that a flag (any flag, but the Polish law says it explicitly) is not a rectangle displayed on a computer screen, but a piece of fabric. A computer screen emits its own light, a piece of fabric does not, so the latter can never be as brightly white as the former. You can do an experiment yourself: take a piece of white fabric and hang it next to your computer screen displaying an empty Word document. Is the piece of white fabric the same color as the screen? If not, is it white or grey? — Kpalion(talk) 06:49, 23 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I'm afraid you are wrong. There is only one shade of white. Mixing it with anything else taints it and makes it something else. Mix it with black, it becomes grey, mix it with red, it becomes pink. Fry1989 (talk) 19:45, 23 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Interesting. How will you explain this: Category:Shades of white? Or how will you explain the fact that on the photographs that you referenced, on the supposedly white stripes of the flag, virtually every single pixel is different from the neighboring ones? — Kpalion(talk) 21:03, 23 June 2011 (UTC)
 * NONE of the colours in that category are actually white by definition. They are white mixed with another colour to make a shade. Beige is not white, Cream is not white, they both have some brown mixed in, and Anti-flash white, even with "white" in it's name, actually has some green mixed into it. As for the different pixels, that's easy to explain. It's called depth and shadow. Depending on how the light hits the fabric, how bright it is, whether part of the fabric is infront of another part making the sun-light have to pass through it twice, all these things effect how bright the fabric appears. It doesn't change the colour of the fabric, just how it appears. Fry1989 (talk) 22:21, 23 June 2011 (UTC)
 * How do you tell when an object that seems to be white is actually white and doesn't just appear to be white? — Kpalion(talk) 02:08, 24 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Take  Polish naval ensign  for example. Different parts of the fabric are illuminated differently, some parts have shaddows where the sunlight doesn't hit it as much. But even with those differences, look at the white part of the flag in direct sunlight, white as can be, and then look at the eagel in the coat of arms, not hit by the sun and instead in a shadow, but it's still pure white. That is how you know, when even differently illuminated parts of the fabric show the same thing. Fry1989 (talk) 02:39, 24 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Take a look at the image on the right. I copied the brightest fragment of the photograph you just mentioned and placed it against a background of HTML white and "Polish statutory" white. You can try it yourself, if you suspect I manipulated something. Are you still saying that it is indeed pure white? It looks rather yellowish to me. Is is really whiter than the "statutory" white? — Kpalion(talk) 06:44, 24 June 2011 (UTC)
 * You're still not getting it are you. That is loks yellowish SHOWS I am right. You cut out a part of the fabric, which was hit differently in different parts by the sunlight. Sections of it which were hit less have a shadow, causing it to look darker, while part of it hit directly does indeed make it look white. I have nothing more ot say to you. You're SOOO obsessed with keeping the SVGs off this page, that you're completely missing that you have yet to argue against why we cannot have the official legal codes, AND the flags in pure white, which they are commonly made. Until you try and make an argument for that, I consider this debate closed, and that my compromise stands, showing both the legal shades, and the white SVGs. Fry1989 (talk) 18:38, 24 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Perhaps we need an RfC after all. It's you who's not getting it. What you call "official legal codes" is what we have a citation from a reliable source (namely, the Polish law) for. What you call "flags in pure white" exist only in your imagination. I asked you to provide sources and all you provided where photographs which don't prove anything. There is no reason to include your imaginary flags and there's no reason for what you call a compromise. Until you try and provide a reliable source for your "pure white" flag schematic, I consider this debate closed, and that the correct, legal flag schematics are the only ones included in the article. Thank you. — Kpalion(talk) 19:22, 24 June 2011 (UTC)
 * You are so incredibly unattentive. Calling them "official legal codes" acknowledges that they are the official colours of the flag as set out by Polish law. On the other hand,.the flag is commonly made in pure white. You have NOT been able to prove they aren't, instead you're more obsessed with "go-n-where" arguments about fabric and how it appears when the sunlight hits it differently, and comparing it to a computer screen. You have NEVER made an argument why we can't show both, which is what this WHOLE thing is about, instead you completely skip it over. You are disruptive, and vandalizing this page for your personal opinions and hatred for the SVGs in white. Continue, and you will be reported. Fry1989 (talk) 19:46, 24 June 2011 (UTC)
 * You haven't proven that the flag is commonly made in "pure white".
 * It's not my task to prove that it is not. Polish legal specifications are all that matters anyway.
 * I have made an argument why we can't show both, but I'll repeat: the "pure white" version is not supported by reliable sources.
 * As I said several times, I have no issue with the file format. If an SVG file is created with correct colors, I'll be perfectly happy to use it in the article.
 * Go ahead and report me. — Kpalion(talk) 20:40, 24 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I have given plenty of proof, which you have chosen to ignore. You have been reported, and any future edits will be reverted for vandalism. Fry1989 (talk) 21:10, 24 June 2011 (UTC)

Third opinion request
As there are only two users involved in the discussion, I have a requested a third opinion, a simpler conflict resolution process than RfC. For the benefit anyone who would like to provide a third opinion, here's my summary of the conflict as well as some background information: If I have missed or misrepresented any of his points, Fry1989 is welcome to provide his point of view. — Kpalion(talk) 00:14, 27 June 2011 (UTC)
 * 1) A flag is, by definition, a piece of died fabric. When illustrating a Wikipedia article about a flag, the question arises of how to represent a flag on a computer screen. One approach is to use photographs of actual flags, another is to use idealized schematic diagrams. Both are used in many flag articles. The discussion here is about the choice of a correct diagram for the flag of Poland.
 * 2) The colors of the flag of Poland are, according to Polish law, white (upper stripe) and red (lower stripe). The law further defines the exact shades of these colors as coordinates in the CIE 1976 color space. These specification may works well for fabric, but in order to create a flag diagram for display on a computer screen, the specification need to be converted into the sRGB color space.
 * 3) Two diagrams have been proposed, which differ in the shade of the upper (white) stripe.
 * 4) The diagram supported by Kpalion (let's call it the "statutory flag") uses shades of both white and red that have been calculated from the legal specification. The source and necessary assumptions used in the calculation are given in a footnote to the article.
 * 5) The diagram supported by Fry1989 (let's call it the "pure-white flag") uses the same shade of red as the "statutory" one and pure HTML white.
 * 6) Fry1989 argues that there is only shade of white and that the upper stripe of the "statutory flag" is grey, not white.
 * 7) Kpalion argues that white, like any other color, has many shades and the upper stripe of the "statutory flag" is indeed a shade of white.
 * 8) Fry1989 argues that photographs of actual flags prove that the upper stripe in real-life flags is actually white and that legal specifications are not followed in practice.
 * 9) Kpalion argues that colors in photographs are not homogeneous (there are shades and highlights) and that they do not prove anything.
 * 10) Fry1989 has not provided any citations of reliable sources that would support the "pure-white flag" or that would claim that legal specifications are not followed in practice.
 * 11) Fry1989 has come up with a compromise solution, that is, to include both the "pure-white flag" (in the infobox) and the "statutory flag" (in a section on legal specifications). Kpalion rejects this solution on the grounds that the "pure-white flag" is not supported by reliable sources.
 * 12) Kpalion has come up with a compromise solution, that is, to present photographs of real-life flags in the infobox (thus showing the "reality" regardless of legal specifications) and the "statutory flag" (in a section on legal specifications). Fry1989 rejects this solution because it doesn't include the "pure-white flag".
 * Overall, Kpalion has set it out very well. just a couple points I'd like to add. First, my stance is not strictly a "pure-white versus the statutory shade set by the Goverment". My stance is that, per the current version of the article, we show both the official colours set by the government, AND the version with pure-white, as the flag is commonly produced and used (even by the Polish Government). Whereas (per previous edits), Kpalion's stance is that we show only the official statutory-coloured version, even when the State Flag is not in SVG for that, and with so many sources showing that even the Polish Government doesn't follow their own rules much of the time. I specifically made the current version of the page as a compromise between those in the Wikipedia Community who (through numerous edits in the past) want either one or the other. Sadly, Kpalion's version does not accomplish such a compromise. I simply can not see any reason against showing both the official legal colours, and the colours most commonly produced-and-used. Fry1989 (talk) 01:48, 27 June 2011 (UTC)

 * And what kind of source could you possibly expect me to find??? The Polish Government has a law on the colours. I don't think they're gonna publish anything that contra-dicts that. All we have are pics, which show a VERY different story. Fry1989 (talk) 04:19, 29 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Possible reliable secondary sources may include findings by Polish government agencies or court rulings that would say that the law on national colors is not being followed; or a publication by a respected vexillologist that would say the same. The whiteness of the white stripe in the pictures is in the eye of the beholder though. — Kpalion(talk) 06:46, 29 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I've removed the as a WP:3O already came here. I think everything has been said here already. As I've understood, no-one has secondary sources for their claims (correct me if I'm wrong), which I think is hard to find. IMO, when it comes to something in writing, just use "white". Period. Regarding the real images, one is bright and one is shaded in the current state, so keep it that way. Do you guys have a problem with the images in this section?      ~ AdvertAdam   talk  11:32, 7 July 2011 (UTC)

I have returned the SVG flags for a few reasons. Fact is, the absolute absurdity of this dispute being put aside, there is absolutely no reason not to use the SVGs as is the not just the "common practice, but the exacting practice on every other article. I am not aware of a single other article anywhere where the SVGs are not used in favour of photographs because one user dislikes the SVGs that Commons provides. That user needs to either gain a proper consensus to not use the SVGs, or go to Commons and get them changed to a manner that is satisfactory to him (which will also require consensus and a lot of sourcing for changes to be accepted). If the SVGs are removed again, I'll take this to a larger dispute resolution forum because it's just silly that we're even entertaining this "compromise" when it has no practical reasoning or educational gain for the article.  Fry1989  eh?   07:25, 12 February 2013 (UTC)
 * 1) A flag is, by definition, a piece of fabric hanging on a pole - a physical obejct, not an imaginary colored rectangle. The best way to represent the look of a physical object in an encyclopedia is a photograph of one or more samples. The place of diagrams is in the Design section.
 * 2) There is nor rule to use SVG diagrams in the infobox. It's common practice for sure, but Ignore all rules is a Wikipedia policy.
 * 3) The sources for statutory the statutory color scheme and explanationof their conversion to RGB for the purpose of creating diagrams for Wikipedia are already in the article.
 * 4) I will be happy to take this discussion to a larger dispute resolution forum, if need be. — Kpalion(talk) 08:31, 13 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Kpalion you can repeat your points all you want, but you have absolutely failed to gain any consensus for the exclusion of the SVG files. It looks like I will be forced to take this to a dispute resolution board.  Fry1989  eh?   19:15, 13 February 2013 (UTC)

Dispute Resolution
Because the above dispute discussion, as well as the included Third Opinion, have been unable to bring about a resolution to this problem, I have raised it to the Dispute Resolution board. All here are invited.  Fry1989  eh? 19:44, 13 February 2013 (UTC)

Which version was banned?
Right and obligation to fly the flag' subsection, under the subheading 'Flag with coat of arms', it says "the ban on using the flag without coat of arms has been lifted".

But the only mention of any ban that I can find is "flying the flag with coat of arms was, from 1955 until 1985, punishable by a fine or arrest for up to one year." (Emphasis mine.) Is one of these a mistake?

Also, under the subheading 'Flag without the coat of arms' is the sentence "Organs that are required by law to fly the national flag without coat of arms on or in front of their official buildings" (emphasis mine). What that would mean is that they are required to fly the flag, either without the coat of arms, or, with the coat of arms and in front of the buildings, which seems like a strange requirement, so I wonder if the word 'or' is a mistake. CarrieVS (talk) 20:59, 14 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Before 2004, the law did not allow ordinary citizens to use either flag, but punishment for unauthorized use was possible only in the case of the variant with coat of arms and only until 1985. As to the second point, the flag may be flown either on top of a building or in front of it. Your questions suggest that the wording is not very clear. Would you care to suggest ways to rephrase these fragments to make them less ambiguous? — Kpalion(talk) 22:01, 14 February 2013 (UTC)
 * I've made minor changes to these two fragments. Please let me know, if they are clearer now. — Kpalion(talk) 23:31, 18 February 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Flag of Poland


text:
Luxembourg at the 1992 Summer Olympics

Luxembourg competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Archery
In its fifth appearance in Olympic archery, Luxembourg was represented by one woman. She did not advance to the elimination rounds.

Women's Individual Competition:

Swimming
Men's 50m Freestyle Men's 100m Freestyle

Men's 200m Freestyle

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Luxembourg at the 1992 Summer Olympics


text: User talk:71.105.188.174

title: User talk:71.105.188.174


text:
User:Enjoy~enwiki

I am a CUHK undergraduate student majoring in computer science. My email is chaoyi.yin@gmail.com

title: User:Enjoy~enwiki


text:
Romford–Upminster line

The Romford–Upminster line is a railway branch line in Greater London that connects Romford, on the Great Eastern Main Line, to Upminster, on the London, Tilbury and Southend line and London Underground. The route is 3 mi in length and there is one intermediate station at Emerson Park which is located 1 mi from Romford. The line is part of Network Rail Strategic Route 7, SRS 07.09, and is classified as a rural line.

The line is single-track throughout, electrified at, has a loading gauge of W6, and a maximum speed of 30 mph. , services are operated by London Overground, with two trains per hour in each direction. The timetabled journey time from one terminus to the other is nine minutes. It is completely separated from the rest of the London Overground, but has connections to the Elizabeth line and Great Eastern Main Line at Romford and the London Underground District Line and c2c at Upminster.

Origins
The first line proposed to link Romford to the north shore of the River Thames was put forward by the Thames Haven Railway and Dock Company who proposed a 16 mile line from Romford to Shell Haven. An Act of Parliament was obtained in 1836 and powers were renewed 10 years later but no work was ever commenced.

Interest in a connection to the Thames waned with the building of the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway (LT&SR) but after that company gained independence from the Great Eastern Railway (GER) interest increased again and in 1882 the Romford and Tilbury Railway proposed a line from Romford to the LT&SR at Grays. This line was linked to another proposed line from Tilbury to Gravesend which included a tunnel beneath the Thames but the line failed to gain parliamentary support.

The following year the GER themselves proposed a line from Romford passing between Hornchurch and Upminster and then connecting directly to Tilbury Docks and in competition the LT&SR submitted their own proposal and it was this proposal that was authorised the following year.

Steam era
The line as originally built was a branch of the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway (LT&SR) and opened on 7 June 1893 providing the LT&SR with a link to the Great Eastern Railway (GER) at Romford. The LT&SR had requested use of Romford but the GER opposed this and made a counter-offer to lease the line between Romford and Upminster. This in turn found no favour with the LT&SR who eventually constructed a separate station. For the first three years the LT&SR were able to share goods facilities at Romford, but 1896 they constructed their own small goods yard where the branch joins the Great Eastern Main Line and with access to Victoria Road. Additional freight business came after the Midland Railway takeover of the LT&SR when a private siding was added at Romford for a builders' merchants.

Initially there were 8 trains per day between Romford and Grays with a reduced service on Sundays. Trains were operated by tank engines while freight was usually hauled by a small tender engine. With the opening of the station at Emerson Park an additional late train provided connection to a train leaving Fenchurch Street just after midnight for the use of returning theatergoers.

Emerson Park Halt was opened on 1 October 1909, and a run-round loop was constructed 500 yd to the west to enable extra trains to run between Emerson Park and Upminster. Push-pull working began in 1934 using MR 0-4-4T engines and the service frequency was increased. As locomotives were no longer required to run round their trains the loop was no longer needed and was removed in circa 1936. Provision of services reversing at Emerson Park ceased on nationalisation in 1948.

In the April 1920 timetable there are 27 down (towards Tilbury) and 22 up (towards Romford) trains a day. There were six through trains to Grays, four to Tilbury and five short runs between Emerson Park and Upminster, with a similar number of return trains. On Sundays there were nine trains in each direction. By 1939 this had increased to 35 down trains and 27 up services on weekdays, still with nine in each direction on Sundays and a similar service pattern. The London, Tilbury and Southend Railway was purchased by the Midland Railway in 1912 and was amalgamated into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway on 1 January 1923. The line became part of British Railways on 1 January 1948, initially as part of the London Midland Region and then the Eastern Region from 20 February 1949. The short workings between Emerson Park and Upminster were eliminated with all services on the line calling at Upminster, Emerson Park and Romford from the 1949 timetable. After this time services were taken over by N7 tanks and from February 1951 the Sunday service was removed.

Diesel era
From 17 September 1956, Metro-Cammell Lightweight diesel multiple units from Stratford replaced the steam service and a twice-hourly service was introduced, effectively doubling the frequency. In 1956 Upminster was enlarged and a new underground depot opened and the end through service from Romford to Grays ceased. To accommodate the truncated service, from 20 April 1957 a new bay platform numbered six opened at Upminster and as a result the link between the branch and the LT&S line was removed in 1959 effectively making it part of the Great Eastern route.

A survey of passenger numbers was carried out in 1964 as part of the Beeching report and a closure notice was rapidly published. Local opposition was loud and organised and the closure was rejected, mainly due to the large number of commuters using Emerson Park Halt. A further attempt at closure was made around 1970 but use of the line was increasing and the attempt again failed, but freight traffic was withdrawn with the yard at Victoria Road closing in 1974 after the private siding had succumbed a few years earlier. By the late 1970s the service was in the hands of Cravens DMUs.

At the end of diesel operation there were 31 journeys each way every day except Sunday where there was no service. There was also no service on public holidays.

Electric era
The line was electrified in the 1980s and electric trains using a single Class 315 unit based at Ilford began operating on 17 April 1986. Following the privatisation of British Rail, passenger services were operated by First Great Eastern from 1997 to 2004, National Express East Anglia from 2004 to 2012 and Greater Anglia from 2012 to 2015. Under this franchise services were operated by Class 321 units. The line transferred to become part of the London Overground network in May 2015 and services were again provided by a single Class 315 unit. Sunday service was restored from the 13 December 2015 timetable. From 5 October 2020 the line has been operated using British Rail Class 710 rolling stock, taking over from British Rail Class 315 and British Rail Class 317 rolling stock.

Renaming
In July 2023, TFL announced that it would be giving each of the six Overground services unique names by the end of the following year. In February 2024, it was confirmed that the Romford–Upminster service would be named the Liberty line ("to reference the historical independence of the people of the borough of Havering") and would be coloured grey on the updated network map. The name references the Royal Liberty of Havering, and the wider freedom that is a "defining feature of London".

Infrastructure
The branch is known colloquially as the "Romford Push and Pull" and has always been single-track throughout. The only structure of any note on the line is the bridge across the River Ingrebourne which is just over 100 ft in length. When first opened the LT&SR constructed a separate station building at Romford where a cast-iron footbridge over South Street was provided to link to the GER station, this only being opened when an LT&SR train was due. This building itself was directly opposite the GER station entrance and was of 3 storeys with the booking hall on the ground floor and including accommodation for the stationmaster. In April 1934 the LT&SR building ceased use as a station and the ground floor was rented as a shop and the London and North Eastern Railway, the successor of the GER, took control of the whole station. The barriers that had restricted access between the two stations at rail level were then removed. The branch has just one signal, on approach to Romford.

At Upminster a small engine shed was initially provided in the area which is now occupied by the underground depot, and the station was substantially rebuilt in the early 1930s to accommodate the District Railway extension with a separate Grays-facing bay platform being added at this time. The connection west of the station to the LT&S main line remained after the works, but was severed in 1968 with a further rebuilding of the station. There were plans to link the line from platform six at Upminster to the reception tracks of the London Underground depot there in order to enable the transfer of London Underground D78 Stock units onto the main line to be hauled away by diesel locomotive for refurbishment at the Ilford depot. These plans were scrapped when the refurbishment work was transferred to Wakefield in Yorkshire and the transfer was done by road. The point-work for this connection, which was half installed, is still visible from the eastern end of platform five at Upminster.

There is only one intermediate station, at Emerson Park. In the year 2017/18 there were over 300,000 passenger journeys to/from Emerson Park, more that three times the number 10 years previously, but still a small enough number for the line to come top of the list of least busy Overground stations.

In the mid-1980s the line was electrified at 25 kV AC. Electrification of the line saw an end to years of speculation about its future.

Services
The line is entirely within Travelcard Zone 6.

Services are currently operated by London Overground, which replaced the previous operator, Abellio Greater Anglia, in May 2015.

As of June 2021, the service pattern on the route is one train every 30 minutes between approximately 6:15 am and 10 pm Mondays to Saturdays, and approximately 8:30 am and 8 pm on Sundays. The journey time from one terminus to the other is timetabled as nine minutes.

Annualised entry/exit data from Transport for London for London Overground trips is as follows:

Geology
During the construction of the railway in 1892, the geologist T. V. Holmes discovered a five-metre layer of boulder clay underlying the gravel and sand in a section just north of what is now St Andrew's Park. This is now the Hornchurch Cutting Site of Special Scientific Interest, which exhibits the southernmost limit of the Anglian ice sheet 450,000 years ago, the furthest south that any ice sheet reached.

title: Romford–Upminster line


text: User talk:67.34.130.253

title: User talk:67.34.130.253


text:
Dame Allan's School

Dame Allan's Schools is a collection of private day schools in Fenham, in the west end of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It comprises a coeducational junior school, single-sex senior schools and a coeducational sixth form. Founded in 1705 as a charity, the original schools are two of the oldest schools in the city.

History
They were founded by Dame Eleanor Allan,  the daughter of a local goldsmith and the widow of a tobacco merchant, to provide a proper education for "40 poor boys and 20 poor girls of the parishes of St Nicholas and St John". The schools were endowed with land at Wallsend, to the east of Newcastle. The original school seems likely to have been near St Nicholas's Church, and certainly was by 1778. It moved to Manor Chare near All Saints' Church in 1786, to Carliol Square in 1821, to Rosemary Lane off Pudding Chare in 1861, and to Hanover Square in 1875. The school then moved to College Street in Newcastle in 1883 and remained there until 1935 when it re-located to the present site in Fenham.

Until 1988 the schools operated as separate boys' and girls' schools with a joint governing body. The governors then took the decision to appoint a principal with overall responsibility for the management of the two schools. At the same time, they created a joint mixed sixth form and reintroduced a mixed junior school. The plural, "schools", refers to the fact that Dame Allan's operates in a diamond format. In effect, Dame Allan's consists of 4 different schools: the co-educational Junior school for nursery to Year 6 are located in a separate building in Spital Tongues; the single sex boys' and girls' schools for years 7 to 11; and the co-educational sixth form (years 12 to 13).

Facilities
A number of new classrooms were built between 2004 and 2005 to replace older facilities, with some intended specifically for the sixth form centre. The Sixth Form Centre was opened by Queen Elizabeth II during an official visit on 14 October 2005 and was named the Queen's Building.

September 2012 saw the opening of the new nursery and junior school in Spital Tongues.

2015 saw Dame Allan's chosen as the recipient of a £250,000 grant to help fund a £500,000 project. The grant was given by the Reece Foundation which promotes the improvement of education in engineering, technology and related subjects. The new facility will build on the Schools' existing master class programme.

In February 2022 Dame Allan's Schools celebrated the opening of its Jubilee Building. The £8 million transformative development consists of a light and airy art exhibition space, purpose built science labs, a dedicated design technology space for sixth formers, as well as MFL, Art and maths classrooms.

Academics
Scholarships of up to 50% are available on the basis of academic merit, and bursaries of up to 100% are available on the basis of academic merit and financial need.

Being a private school, Dame Allan's does not strictly adhere to the National Curriculum. It does enter all its students in public examinations such as GCSEs and A-levels, so the subjects taught are closely tied into their national counterparts. All students must study English, mathematics, and the sciences to GCSE level, and it is strongly recommended that at least one foreign language be studied to this level. Sixth form students have a much wider range of study, with no mandatory subjects and the introduction of many new subjects in year 12, including A-levels in politics, psychology, sports, business and theatre studies. Dame Allan's is an Anglican school.

In 2005 the school recorded its best ever set of exam results, including a handful of Top 5 results in several subjects, notably GCSE languages. Furthermore, two pupils were awarded 6 grade As at A-level. The school consistently performs to an extremely high standard in public examinations, with the girls' school often slightly outscoring the boys' school at GCSE level. The school has not yet been inspected by OFSTED but received a positive report from the independent schools Inspectorate in 2000.

The 2000 inspection summarised the schools as "a civilised and civilising community ...[which provides] a well-rounded education for pupils from the age of 8 to 18" and the 2006 report states "Dame Allan's are good schools with several great strengths and no significant weaknesses. The schools succeed very well in their key aims of providing a broad education for their pupils, where academic success is greatly valued but so is the moral, social and spiritual development of pupils."

Notable former pupils
Former pupils are known as Old Allanians.

 * The Right Reverend John Crook (born 1940), former Bishop of Moray, Ross and Caithness
 * Dame Myra Curtis (1886–1971), Principal of Newnham College, Cambridge
 * Margaret Dale (1922–2010), dancer and television producer
 * Professor Elizabeth Fallaize (1950–2009), Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Education), University of Oxford
 * Marian Foster (born 1948), broadcaster
 * Edward Hinds FRS (born 1949), Professor of Physics
 * Vick Hope (born 1989), TV and radio presenter
 * Ian La Frenais (born 1936), writer
 * David Leon (born 1980), actor
 * Sir David Lumsden (born 1928), Choirmaster, organist and harpsichordist; former Principal of the Royal Academy of Music
 * Philip Nicholson (born 1973), Northumberland cricketer
 * Sebastian Payne (born 1989), journalist
 * Peter Pilkington (1933–2011), Conservative Peer and former Chairman of the Broadcasting Complaints Commission
 * Varada Sethu (born 1992), actress
 * Keith Wrightson (born 1948), Randolph W. Townsend Professor of History, Yale University, since 2004.

title: Dame Allan's School


text:
Eastern Region

Eastern Region or East Region may refer to:

 * Eastern Region (Abu Dhabi): Al Ain
 * Eastern Region, Ghana
 * Eastern Region (Iceland)
 * Eastern Region, Malta
 * Eastern Region, Nepal
 * Eastern Region, Nigeria
 * Eastern Region, Serbia
 * Eastern Region, Uganda
 * Eastern Region of British Railways
 * AAA Eastern Region, a high school sports region of large high schools in the state of Virginia
 * Eastern Region Women's Football League, England
 * Eastern Region (Northern Ireland football)
 * East Region (Cameroon)
 * East Region, Singapore
 * Est Region, Burkina Faso
 * Purvanchal (lit. 'eastern region'), a region of India
 * East Punjab (state), former state in northwestern India (1947–1966), the eastern part of the Punjab region
 * Punjab, India, a state of India divided from the above, sometimes still referred to as East Punjab

title: Eastern Region


text:
Colombia at the 1992 Summer Olympics

Colombia competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. 49 competitors, 46 men and 3 women, took part in 31 events in 11 sports.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Archery
After missing the 1988 archery competition, Colombia returned for its second Olympic tournament in 1992. This time, the nation sent a female archer. She fared no better than Juan Echavarria had eight years earlier.

Women's Individual Competition:
 * Maria Echavarria – Ranking Round, 55th place (0-0)

Athletics
Men's 5.000 metres
 * Herder Vázquez
 * Heat — 14:06.80 (→ did not advance)

Men's 10.000 metres
 * Herder Vázquez
 * Heat — 30:07.55 (→ did not advance)

Men's Marathon
 * Carlos Grisales — did not finish (→ no ranking)

Men's 20 km Walk
 * Héctor Moreno — 1:26:23 (→ 9th place)

Women's 400 metres
 * Ximena Restrepo
 * Norfalia Carabalí

Boxing
Men's Light Flyweight (– 48 kg)
 * Fernando Retayud
 * First Round — Lost to Erdenentsogt Tsogtjargal (MGL), 2:8

Men's Bantamweight (– 54 kg)
 * Jesús Pérez
 * First Round — Lost to Philippe Wartelle (FRA), 5:12

Men's Light-Welterweight (– 63,5 kg)
 * Edwin Cassiani
 * First Round — Lost to Héctor Vinent (CUB), 4:27

Cycling
Eight male cyclists represented Colombia in 1992.

 * Men's road race
 * José Robles
 * Héctor Palacio
 * Libardo Niño

 * Men's sprint
 * Jhon González

 * Men's 1 km time trial
 * José Velásquez

 * Men's individual pursuit
 * Alberny Vargas

 * Men's team pursuit
 * Esteban López
 * Fernando Sierra
 * Alberny Vargas
 * José Velásquez

 * Men's points race
 * José Velásquez

Equestrianism
Mixed Individual Jumping
 * Juan Carlos García
 * Manuel Guillermo Torres
 * Hugo Gamboa

Mixed Team Jumping
 * Juan Carlos García
 * Manuel Guillermo Torres
 * Hugo Gamboa

Fencing
Two male fencers represented Colombia in 1992.

 * Men's épée
 * Mauricio Rivas
 * Juan Miguel Paz

Men's Team Competition

 * Preliminary round (group C)
 * Lost to Spain (0-4)
 * Drew with Qatar (1-1)
 * Lost to Egypt (3-4)
 * → Did not advance
 * Team Roster
 * ( 1.) Miguel Angel Calero
 * ( 2.) Jorge Bermudez
 * ( 3.) Robeiro Moreno
 * ( 4.) José Santa
 * ( 5.) Victor Hugo Marulanda
 * ( 6.) Hermán Gaviria
 * ( 7.) Faustino Asprilla
 * ( 8.) John Lozano
 * ( 9.) Iván Valenciano
 * (10.) Víctor Pacheco
 * (11.) Carlos Alberto Uribe
 * (12.) Faryd Mondragón
 * (13.) Geovanis Cassiani
 * (14.) John Perez
 * (15.) Víctor Aristizábal
 * (16.) Gustavo Restrepo
 * (17.) John Jairo Mejia
 * (18.) Diego Osorio
 * (19.) Jairo Zulbarán
 * (20.) Omar Cañas
 * Head coach: Hernan Dario Gomez

Shooting
Men's Air Pistol, 10 metres
 * Bernardo Tovar

Men's Rapid-Fire Pistol, 25 metres
 * Bernardo Tovar

Men's Free Pistol, 50 metres
 * Bernardo Tovar

Men's Running Target, 10 metres
 * Hernando Barrientos

Swimming
Men's 400m Freestyle
 * Alejandro Bermúdez
 * Heat — 4:01.66 (→ did not advance, 35th place)

Men's 1500m Freestyle
 * Alejandro Bermúdez
 * Heat — 16:01.77 (→ did not advance, 25th place)

Men's 200m Backstroke
 * Alejandro Bermúdez
 * Heat — 2:04.46 (→ did not advance, 26th place)

Men's 400m Individual Medley
 * Alejandro Bermúdez
 * Heat — 4:33.87 (→ did not advance, 27th place)

Weightlifting
Men's Featherweight
 * José Horacio Villegas
 * Roger Berrio

Men's Lightweight
 * Eyne Acevedo

Men's Middleweight
 * Álvaro Velasco

Wrestling
Men's Freestyle Welterweight
 * Romelio Salas

title: Colombia at the 1992 Summer Olympics


text:
Hurdy Gurdy (band)

Hurdy Gurdy emerged from the Danish group Peter Belli and the Boom Boom Brothers (aka The B.B. Brothers) in June 1967, when three members of the B.B. Brothers, guitarist Claus Bøhling, drummer Jens Peter Marquard Otzen and British vocalist and bassist Mac MacLeod formed the power trio. Inspired by Cream but with more psychedelic leanings, they split from Peter Belli and MacLeod named the band 'Hurdy Gurdy'. They had considerable success in Scandinavia, breaking many attendance records for their live shows. The band moved to England in early 1968, after MacLeod had been deported from Denmark.

From Denmark, MacLeod wrote to Donovan's manager Ashley Kozak on 19 December 1967 to ask if he could help the band in any way. Donovan wrote his song "Hurdy Gurdy Man" for them as a gift for MacLeod. MacLeod came back to the U.K. in the new year to see Donovan and, a few weeks later, the rest of the band followed. After hearing Donovan's demo tape, the band set up outside his Little Berkhamsted cottage and played their version of the song. Donovan did not like the heavy take on the track they played as he wanted a softer, acoustic arrangement. Soon after, he released his own version of the song which became a hit, his version in the end had a similar arrangement to the Hurdy Gurdy version. Donovan told Keith Altham of the NME (and Hit Parader) in December 1968: "Hurdy Gurdy Man" was originally written for a Danish group by that name (...) There is a friend of mine in the group – Mac MacLeod – whom I looked to in the early days to learn how to pick the guitar. I wrote the song especially for them but then we got into a disagreement over how it was to be produced. I wanted to do it one way and they another. So I said, 'Right then - I'll do it myself because I think it's good enough for a single.' So I did it. And it's out.

While they were in the UK, they did some recordings produced by Chris White and Rod Argent of The Zombies. Two tracks by the MacLeod era of Hurdy Gurdy, "Tick Tock Man" and "Neo Camel", are on the Mac MacLeod anthology The Incredible Musical Odyssey of the Original Hurdy Gurdy Man and showcase the free-flowing power trio psychedelic rock sound.

Otzen and Bøhling had to return to Denmark shortly after those recordings, as they were unable to secure work permits from the Musician's Union. A new bassist (Torben Forne) was recruited to replace MacLeod and, in early 1971, they released a self-titled album for CBS which has recently been reissued on CD. MacLeod briefly joined the post-Zombies group Argent.

In 1993, Bøhling re-formed the band and performed two concerts at the Cavern Club in Exeter.

title: Hurdy Gurdy (band)


text:
American Community Schools

ACS Athens – American Community Schools of Athens is a private school offering international JK–12 education to local, national and international students in Greece. ACS Athens embraces American educational philosophy, principles and values.

It is located in Chalandri in the Athens area.

History
In 1946, the British Army School was established in several homes in the Glyfada area of Athens to educate the children of British military personnel who were stationed in Greece at the close of the Second World War. The history of ACS Athens begins here; for shortly after its inauguration, the school began to admit British and American civilians. In 1949, many more American children arrived in Greece, and a high school was opened for them in Kolonaki. Also established was an elementary school, in Psychico, which was later moved to a facility in Filothei. The British Army School had metamorphosed into the Anglo-American school.

The first yearbook of the new school, The Evzone, published in 1952, highlights the accomplishments of a graduating class of six seniors who had graduated from a school that now occupied a rented villa in Kifissia. This house, complete with towers and turrets, served as the school's home until 1961. The same yearbook also documents the activities of Junior School students in a facility in Kalamaki, which would serve as the home of the Junior School until its operations were transferred to a building on the American base later in the decade following an airplane accident.

The 1954–1955 school year marked another milestone in the history of the school. Chartered in the state of Delaware as a private, non-profit educational institution for the children of American diplomatic and military personnel, the Anglo-American School became the American Community Schools of Athens. From its inception, the school received no official subsidies, and its operations were funded by tuition fees. In December 1960, the ACS Athens School Board obtained funds under Public Law 480 to purchase land in Halandri, then a sleepy farming area, and began construction of a new school facility. The Class of 1962 was the first to graduate from the new facility.

The 1962 Evzone contains the following paragraph: "This year's graduating class is the first to hold commencement exercises at the new American Academy located in the suburb of Halandri, approximately seven miles from the center of Athens. They were among 380 students who proudly took possession of the new building last September . Two-storied, containing twelve modern classrooms, two science laboratories, a library and a study hall, the building replaced an ancient villa in Kifissia on Tatoi Road which overflowed into four very unscholarly army huts. In the rear of our new school is a spacious playground area...By late spring of 1962, it appears that a new junior school will be erected on our present grounds, plus a gymnasium and an auditorium."

A photograph of the campus in this same yearbook shows the new school building surrounded by open fields dotted with a few farmhouses. Until the early 1980s, ACS Athens students would follow the rituals of the school day to the accompaniment of the sound of bells clanging from the necks of the flocks of sheep and goats pastured in the neighboring fields.

The 1960s saw a continued expansion of the Halandri facilities. The Middle School was built in its present location in 1962; this was followed by the erection of the gymnasium the following year.

In 1964, the first two stories of the current Annex building were erected to house an elementary school. The first two stories of the current Elementary School were built in 1968. Throughout these years, ACS Athens continued to operate separate Elementary School facilities in Kifissia and on base. In 1968, yet another branch of ACS Athens was established on the island of Rhodes, for the approximately thirty children of Voice of America personnel stationed there. This branch of the school operated until 1981.

In 1963, the Greek government licensed the school to provide education to the children of Americans in official capacities. During that year, the school also began to admit students from the wider American and international expatriate communities in Greece, and ACS Athens began to take on an international flavor within the framework of an American school. (In the early 1980s, this license was amended, and ACS Athens was recognized by the Greek Ministry of Education as an educational institution for the international community in Greece.) The Middle States Association of Schools and Colleges accredited the high school in 1964. At the time, ACS Athens was one of only two international schools so distinguished. When, in 1983, the Middle States Association had expanded its accrediting authority to cover elementary and middle schools, ACS Athens received accreditation for its K-12 program.

The decade of the 1970s found ACS Athens engaged in its most ambitious building program. In 1974, the school saw the building of the bridge, containing science labs, administrative offices and a conference room, connecting the academy and the middle school; the current cafeteria, which originally served as the library; the amphitheater; and finally, the current library and fine arts classrooms. Additions to annex and elementary school buildings during the decade resulted in their taking their current form. The school's academic program was also expanded during these years: in 1976, ACS Athens became the only school in Greece to offer students the opportunity to earn an International Baccalaureate diploma as they pursued their high school studies. In 1978, the Department of Defense assumed control of the operation of the base school; at the same time, the international mix of the student body was enhanced by the arrival of a large Arabic community in the Athens area.

From 1976 to 1979 students that were Military Dependents from the U.S. Air Base located near the old International Airport near Glyfada just south of Athens were bused into Halandri via off duty Tourist Buses. The route to the school took American Service Personnel's children through the heart of Athens and right by the Acropolis. American children of US Service Military personnel made up the majority of the student body population. The other large group attending ACS from 1976 to 1979 was a group of American Students whose parents worked for the American diplomatic corps. Other type of students was Greek-American students, Oil Field Worker's dependents, Australian-Greek students and Norwegian students. The school's long time principal was demoted to teacher in 1976 and became the most popular teacher in school. "In 1979 there were 153 students that graduated from ACS in Athens" says Patrick Mahoney who attended ACS in Athens from 1976 through 1979, graduated High School in 1979, played Nose Tackle for the Cougars and who was the only member of the work study program for three years.

In 1980, ACS Athens purchased the land currently occupied by the tennis courts. The Boarding Unit, originally housed in a hotel near the airport in Glyfada, and subsequently relocated to Kefalari and Nea Makri before moving to its current location in Mati, opened in 1981. As a result, the student body expanded to include, among others, many children of expatriate Americans working in the oil fields of the Arabian peninsula. In a major curricular innovation, ACS Athens established the ACS Athens Writing Project to promote the teaching of writing as a tool for learning across the disciplines in 1985.

Two years later, ACS Athens was selected as a sponsor of an International Writing Project site, with ACS Athens teachers engaged in training teachers from international schools around the world in Writing Project theory and methods. The Carnegie Commission for Promoting Excellence in Education recognized the quality of the school's academic program by awarding ACS Athens two citations for excellence during the latter part of the decade.

In 1986, ACS Athens closed the Kifissia Elementary School, and all school operations were consolidated at the Halandri campus, which had been expanded yet again with the building of new computer labs adjacent to the library. The purchase in 1988 of the public road which divided the campus allowed for the building of the central plaza which unified the campus. The closing of the American military bases during the 1992–1993 school year, coupled with the Greek government's decision to allow Greek citizens to attend ACS Athens after completion of their compulsory education, resulted in yet another transformation in the complexion of the student body. While preserving its American character in philosophy and programs, ACS Athens, home to students representing over forty-five countries, was also ready to define itself as "The International School in Greece."

Another milestone in ACS Athens' history occurred in 2004, when ACS Athens was authorized by the Greek Ministry of Education to offer classes and examinations leading to awarding the Greek Apolytirio.

The school is on one campus in the municipality of Halandri, at 129 Aghias Paraskevis Avenue. The student body is made up of over 1000 (2019-2020 data) students hailing from over 65 countries, and the school offers the American JK–12 curriculum, the International Baccalaureate IB Diploma, as well as a non-IB track, along with selected AP courses. Its faculty holds at least a master's degree and a number with PhDs.

Notable alumni

 * Greg Kinnear, Hollywood actor
 * Scott E. Parazynski, physician, former astronaut
 * Rony Seikaly, former NBA basketball player
 * Jim Moody, Congressman
 * Josephine (singer)
 * AJ Ginnis, ski racer

title: American Community Schools


text:
Costa Rica at the 1992 Summer Olympics

Costa Rica competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. 16 competitors, 11 men and 5 women, took part in 18 events in 6 sports. They did not win any medals.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Archery
In its third archery competition at the Olympics, and first since 1980, Costa Rica entered a female archer for the first time. She did not advance to the elimination rounds.

Women's Individual Competition:
 * Patricia Obregon
 * Ranking round — 57th place (0-0)

Athletics
Men's 100m metres
 * Henry Daley Colphon
 * Heat — 11.11 (→ did not advance)

Men's 5,000 metres
 * José Luis Molina
 * Heat — 14:09.22 (→ did not advance)

Men's 10,000 metres
 * Miguel Angel Vargas
 * Heat — 30:13.06 (→ did not advance)

Men's Marathon
 * Luis Lopez — 2:30.26 (→ 65th place)

Men's 400m Hurdles
 * Alex Foster
 * Heat — 52.93 (→ did not advance, no ranking)

Women's Marathon
 * Vilma Peña — 3:03.34 (→ 33rd place)

Canoeing
Men's Kayak Singles Slalom
 * Joaquin García
 * Ferdinand Steinvorth
 * Gabriel Álvarez

Women's Kayak Singles Slalom
 * Gilda Montenegro

Fencing

 * Men's sabre
 * Esteban Mullins

Shooting
Mixed Skeet
 * Alvaro Guardia

Swimming
Women's 100m Backstroke
 * Silvia Poll
 * Heat – 1:02.88
 * B-Final – 1:03.57 (→ 15th place)

Women's 200m Backstroke
 * Silvia Poll
 * Heat – 2:11.66
 * Final – 2:12.97 (→ 7th place)

title: Costa Rica at the 1992 Summer Olympics


text:
Josefa Dimuri

Ratu Josefa Nalumuialevu Dimuri is a Fijian chief and politician, who served as a Senator from 2001 to 2006, when he was elected to the House of Representatives. Following the election, he was appointed Minister of State for Agriculture, Alternative Livelihood, and Outer Island Development.

Political career
A former Fiji Times journalist, Dimuri was appointed Minister of Information by the Rabuka government in 1993. He contested the Macuata Fijian Communal Constituency on behalf of then-Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka's political party, the Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei (SVT), but was defeated by the Christian Democratic Alliance candidate, Poseci Bune. In 2001, he contested the Bua-Macuata West Open Constituency, this time as a candidate of the newly formed Conservative Alliance (CAMV), and lost again. The Macuata Provincial Council, however, chose Dimuri to represent the province in the Senate. According to the non-defunct 1997 Constitution, fourteen Senators were chosen by the Great Council of Chiefs, but in practice the Great Council chose to delegate this prerogative to Fiji's fourteen provincial councils, each of which chose one Senator.

In April 2005 he was sentenced to eight months imprisonment over his role in the Sukanaivalu Barracks mutiny. He was released to serve his sentence extramurally after only 11 days, and subsequently allowed to return to his seat in parliament.

He was elected in an open seat at the 2006 election. He lost his seat following the 2006 Fijian coup d'état.

title: Josefa Dimuri


text:
Category talk:Australian musicians

unsigned earlier message
Kylie Minogue as a subcategory?

 * would probably be better as a subcategory of category:Australian pop singers. i'll move it. clarkk 10:12, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Where is Darren Hayes, Missy Higgins, Sam Sparro? These are all successful Australian Musicians excluded from the list. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.108.72.252 (talk) 21:51, 13 May 2010 (UTC)

Category hierarchy
Category:Australian musical groups doesn't need to be a subcat of this, does it? They are both immediate children of Category:Australian music. pfctdayelise 03:24, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Australian musicians


text:
User talk:Fragglet

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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(That's the default newcomer welcome banner ;-) -- Fredrik | talk 23:28, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Fredrik, before you start asking for help on your new mega-cool-and-whatnot writeup, make sure you have something to show first (text, a stub, etc.). Keep in mind we've already seen thousands of upcoming writeups that actually never got done.Fragglet 12:31, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

On the Moon
I noticed that you have been changing the spelling of the plural of Octopus from Octopi to Octopuses. Are you sure about this? I'm pretty sure the plural word for Octopus is Octopi. Thanks, CaptainVindaloo t c e 23:40, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

Hey, sorry it took me a while to reply. I got about 80,000 messages while I was offline and must have just missed yours. Ok, i'll leave your spelling alone, although according to the Wiktionary article, both spellings are endorsed by a few different dictionaries. Any idea which dictionary is used on Wikipedia? CaptainVindaloo t c e 01:58, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

Rift stuff
Hi - I just reversed your move of rift. It seems that you left about 100 articles linking to a disambig page, and as virtually all were geological articles it seemed easiest to create rift (disambiguation) and restore rift to its geological usage. Cheers, Vsmith 00:10, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

RFID legislation
I pulled that info (and continue to collect info) from a number of sources. It's been a while since I first entered it so I don't really remember from where exactly I gleaned it. Grika 17:42, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

Personal attack
Sorry but that person said that I replaced a picture of a non-US aircraft carrier on a page about supercarriers when the U.S. is the only country with supercarriers.

What's happening on Doom Wikipedia?
Hi, I'm Afullo, I got banned, probably for a wide range ban, from Doom Wikipedia:

'''Questo nome utente o indirizzo IP sono stati bloccati da Splarka. La motivazione del blocco è la seguente: :Vandalism Se lo si desidera, è possibile contattare Splarka o un altro amministratore per discutere del blocco.

Si noti che la funzione 'Scrivi all'utente' non è attiva se non è stato registrato un indirizzo e-mail valido nelle proprie preferenze.

Si prega di specificare l'indirizzo IP coinvolto ("ip address, if you need it i'll send it to you in private") o il numero del blocco (ID #198) in qualsiasi richiesta di chiarimenti.

Could you kindly do something about that? I didn't spam, and surely i didn't make vandalism.

I'm not registered here (on English Wikipedia), in case try to contact me on Doom Wikipedia or Italian Wikipedia. Thank you in advance.

Slovio AfD, take 2
Hi there,

You may want to know, that i re-nominated Slovio for deletion. --Amir E. Aharoni 13:12, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

References on Quantum Mind
Ey Up Fragglet,

(Yorkshire alternative to Hi)

That looks like a mamoth edit to Quantum Mind. Although I'm still a bit of a newbie, may I suggest that you could do your edits in smaller chunks. It would make it easier to see what you have done.

The introduction to Quantum Mind doesn't seem right to me. Roger Penrose, for example, has written three books which refer to Quantum Mind, Stapp put MU.PDF out some while ago. And the Quantum Consciousness conferences organised by Hammerof and Chalmers were very popular (though possibly, some suggest, went a bit downhill). It can't be correct to say that proponents haven't put their hypothesese out for peer review.

Best regards, Davy p (talk) 23:09, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

Yes, I see that you fixed the references; and it must have taken quite a bit of work. It was rather difficult, on my browser at least, to scan though and see what you had changed. Myself I'd probably have made a number of mistakes. Sorry if I didn't make this clear.

My mention of the introduction (above) was because you seem to have been trying to get the article into better shape. Davy p (talk) 21:16, 18 November 2007 (UTC)

Apologies, I still didn't make myself clear. a) Great work in fixing the references; this has improved the article. b) As you have been through it with a toothcomb fixing the references, what do you think about the introduction? Davy p (talk) 00:20, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

Davros
Hi Fragglet; sorry, we cannot have links to YouTube videos if they breach BBC copyright, which this would appear to do. Also, your conclusion from that video is original research and aso not allowed. If you have a reliable source for this, it can go into the article. Thanks. -- Rodhull andemu  13:28, 29 June 2008 (UTC)
 * That's OK. We have to be careful about copyright. OR is less important, but the idea sounds interesting. If necessary, we can wait until the episode is broadcast, then there's no problem. Cheers. -- Rodhull andemu  13:53, 29 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Hmm. You may be right, I've just watched it. I suppose the link might be OK, but we still need to let readers draw their own conclusions from it. -- Rodhull andemu  13:56, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

Oxford Wikimania 2010 and Wikimedia UK v2.0 Notice
Hi,

As a regularly contributing UK Wikipedian, we were wondering if you wanted to contribute to the Oxford bid to host the 2010 Wikimania conference. Please see here for details of how to get involved, we need all the help we can get if we are to put in a compelling bid.

We are also in the process of forming a new UK Wikimedia chapter to replace the soon to be folded old one. If you are interested in helping shape our plans, showing your support or becoming a future member or board member, please head over to the Wikimedia UK v2.0 page and let us know. We plan on holding an election in the next month to find the initial board, who will oversee the process of founding the company and accepting membership applications. They will then call an AGM to formally elect a new board who after obtaining charitable status will start the fund raising, promotion and active support for the UK Wikimedian community for which the chapter is being founded.

You may also wish to attend the next London meet-up at which both of these issues will be discussed. If you can't attend this meetup, you may want to watch Meetup, for updates on future meets.

We look forward to hearing from you soon, and we send our apologies for this automated intrusion onto your talk page!

Addbot (talk) 07:46, 31 August 2008 (UTC)

Tense changes in Amstrad CPC
Hello Fragglet. Recently, you edited the whole Amstrad CPC article to change all the predicates into the past tense. While I get your intention, this is actually not correct. Things that have been produced do not cease to exist just because production has stopped. Accordingly, when referring to things that still exist (and Amstrad CPC computers certainly do still exist), the present or present perfect simple is to be used. (You wouldn't describe an out-of-print book in your hand starting with "this book was ...", would you?) I just didn't want to quietly undo your changes since you obviously put some work into that. Takimata (talk) 12:10, 19 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Let's keep a discussion on one talk page instead of spreading it out over our respective talk pages, shall we? Quoting you from my talk page:
 * "While I see your point, I would appreciate it if you could be more selective in what you revert from my changes, as not all fixes are of that type. fraggle (talk) 13:45, 19 January 2011 (UTC)"
 * I admit that I didn't check each and every one of your changes. From what I gathered, you changed all predicates into the past tense, I am sorry if my bulk revert changed other unrelated fixes. Takimata (talk) 15:40, 19 January 2011 (UTC)
 * "I'm also not sure that I agree with your reasoning. See comparable sections from other articles, eg. Zx_spectrum, Apple_ii,  Commodore_64, IBM_PC - the purpose of the section is to describe the various models in terms of the history of the product line and how the details of the design changed from one model to the next.  Using the past tense does not imply that the machine has ceased to exist. fraggle (talk) 13:57, 19 January 2011 (UTC)"
 * This wasn't willy-nilly, I actually took some time researching the issue (in the Amstrad CPC article history you'll find tense edits by me): The use of tenses occasionally comes up in talk pages, and when it does, the consensus seems to be that simple past is to be used when acts have been concluded, and thus is not to be used to describe items unless their existence has been concluded. Unfortunately, while it regulates all sorts of grammatical details, the Wikipedia Manual of Style is sorely lacking a section about use of tense. And existing articles are a poor precedent, you can find any number of articles supporting either reasoning.
 * I am, however, actually inclined to bring this up before a "higher authority", perhaps even the keepers of the Manual of Style. Not because I am bent on fighting you over this issue (I am not, and I will happily stand corrected). But I feel it should be decided in general for Wikipedia. What do you think? Takimata (talk) 15:40, 19 January 2011 (UTC)
 * For the record: [] is one of the few occasions a question quite similar to ours has been brought up and answered. No guideline came out of it, tho. Takimata (talk) 17:27, 19 January 2011 (UTC)

Plural of Cannon
is cannon. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.194.212.13 (talk) 13:30, 10 August 2011 (UTC)

Innocence of Muslims image
Thank you for your good faith contribution of the screen cap from the film. Unfortunately it cannot be used on Wikipedia at this time as it is a clear violation of copyright. Thank you and happy editing!--Amadscientist (talk) 02:12, 15 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Dooh! You are correct. I confused your contribution from the editor just before you. My apologies! I think I am getting tired.--Amadscientist (talk) 02:57, 15 September 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Fragglet