text:
Tai O

Tai O is a fishing town, partly located on an island of the same name, on the western side of Lantau Island in Hong Kong. The village name means large inlet, referring to outlet for the waterways (Tai O Creek and Tai O River) merges as it moves through Tai O.

Geography
On the southwest part of Lantau Island, Tai O River splits to the north (as Tai O Creek) and west and at this fork lies the island referred to as Tai O. Two pedestrian bridges cross the river on its northern and western forks. The village is located mostly on the banks of the river. The western and northern parts of the island facing the South China Sea are uninhabited.

History
Nearby archaeological sites date back to the Stone Age, but permanent, and verifiable, human settlement here is only three centuries old. Stories that would be impossible to substantiate have Tai O as the base of many smuggling and piracy operations, the inlets of the river providing excellent protection from the weather and a hiding place. In early 16th century, Tai O was once occupied shortly by Portuguese during the Battle of Tamão, the remains is known as Fan Kwai Tong (番鬼塘, "Foreign devil pond") today.

Tai O is one of five villages of Lantau that were resettled when the coastal restriction of the Great Clearance was lifted in 1669. The other villages are Tung Sai Chung, Lo Pui O, Shek Pik and Mui Wo.

At nearby Fan Lau, a fort was built in 1729 to protect shipping on the Pearl River. Smuggling of guns, tobacco, drugs and people remains a documented illegal activity both into and out of mainland China.

When the British came to Hong Kong, Tai O was known as a Tanka village. A naval engagement between British and USA naval forces against Chinese piracy was fought in 1855.

At the time of the 1911 census, the population of Shek Tsai Po of Tai O was 118; the number of males was 71. The population of Tai O, both land and boat based, was 7,661; the number of males was 4,318.

During and after the Chinese Civil War, Tai O became a primary entrypoint for illegal immigration for those escaping from the People's Republic of China. Some of these immigrants, mostly Cantonese, stayed in Tai O, and Tai O attracted people from other Hong Kong ethnic groups, including Hoklo (Hokkien) and Hakka.

Tai O has a history of salt production. In 1940, it was recorded that the Tai O salt marshes were covering 70 acre and that the production has amounted to 25,000 piculs (1,512 metric tons) in 1938.

Currently the fishing lifestyle is dying out. While many residents continue to fish, it barely provides a subsistence income. There is a public school on the island and most young people move away when they come of age. In 2000, a large fire broke out destroying many residences. The village is now mostly squatters huts and dilapidated stilt houses.

Heritage
Graded buildings in Tai O include: Other historical buildings include:
 * Yeung Hau Temple, built in 1699 (Declared Monument)
 * Old Tai O Police Station (Grade II)
 * Kwan Tai Temple, Kat Hing Back Street. Built in 1741. (Grade II)
 * Tin Hau Temple, Kat Hing Back Street. Built in 1772, it is connected to the left of Kwan Tai Temple.
 * Fong Bin Yuen. (Grade III)
 * No. 23 Kat Hing Back Street. (Grade III)
 * Shek Lun Kok, No. 33 Kat Hing Back Street. (Grade III)
 * No. 46-48 Kat Hing Street, pre-war shophouses. (Grade III)
 * Wing Hing Petrol Station, No. 99C Kat Hing Back Street. (Grade III)
 * Hip Wo Se Hok, No. 151 Tai Ping Street, a former school.
 * Hung Shing Temple, Shek Tsai Po Street. Built in 1746.

Tourism
Also known as the "Venice of Hong Kong", Tai O is a tourist spot for both foreigners and residents of other parts of Hong Kong, despite damage by a fire in July 2000. The pang uks, a kind of stilt house, built right over the waterway are still quite scenic. A cable ferry tended by local women used to be quite popular with visitors, but it was replaced with a steel pedestrian bridge in October 1996.

The traditional salted fish and shrimp paste are sold at storefronts in Tai O. For a small fee, some residents will take tourists out on their boats along the river and for short jaunts into the sea. Many tourists come to Tai O specifically to take these trips to see Chinese white dolphins, also known as "Pink Dolphins". It is also a good place to see the sunset.

Old Tai O Police Station, a Grade II historic building, has been turned into a boutique hotel called Tai O Heritage Hotel by Hong Kong Heritage Conservation Foundation. The hotel has nine rooms and a restaurant. The hotel has been open and operational since 2012.

Tai O Rural Committee Historic and Cultural Showroom, located within the centuries-old fishing village of Tai O, exhibits relics of the local community's past, including fishing tools and dismantled old structures. The showroom was founded by the Tai O Rural Committee and all the items in its collection were donated by local residents.

Education
There are two kindergartens, one primary school and one secondary school. They are CCC Tai O Primary School and Buddhist Fat Ho Memorial College.

Most of Lantau Island, Tai O included, is in Primary One Admission (POA) School Net 98, which contains multiple aided schools on Lantau Island, including two in Tung Chung; no government primary schools are in this net.

Transport
Tai O can be reached by bus (New Lantau Bus) from the following places:
 * Mui Wo – Bus no. 1
 * Tung Chung – Bus no. 11
 * Ngong Ping – Bus no. 21

There are ferry piers on Tai O, close to Tai O Bus Terminus. It operates daily as the following routes connecting Tai O:
 * Tuen Mun (Tuen Mun Ferry Pier) – service by Fortune Ferry
 * Tung Chung (Tung Chung New Development Ferry Pier) – service by Fortune Ferry
 * Sha Lo Wan – operated by Fortune Ferry

People

 * Cilla Kung, actress and singer; she was born and raised in Tai O.

In popular culture
A 1998 Hong Kong drama A Place of One's Own by TVB starring Adia Chan and Mariane Chan is set in Tai O.

A 2021 Hong Kong drama Ossan's Love (HK version) by ViuTV starring Edan Lui and Anson Lo is set in Tai O.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Tai O


text:
Olaf Haraldsson Geirstadalf

Olaf Haraldssøn Geirstadalf Digerbein (Agder, c. 877 - Tønsberg, c. 934), was a reputed son of King Harald Fairhair of Norway with Svanhild Øysteinsdatter, daughter of Øystein Jarl.

Biography
The saga Heimskringla, written in Iceland in the thirteenth century by the poet and historian Snorri Sturluson, gives the ninth century Norwegian founder king Harald Fairhair three sons with Svanhild, including Ragnar Rykkel, Bjørn Farmann and Olaf Haraldsson Geirstadalf. Bjørn Farmann became king of Vestfold. Olaf Haraldsson was made king of Vingulmark by his father and then later inherited Vestfold after his brother Bjørn Farmann had been killed by their half-brother Eric Blodøks.

Eric was king Harald's favourite son and his appointed successor, but he was not very popular among his half-brothers. Upon his father's death, Olaf made himself king of eastern Norway, and allied himself against Eric Bloodaxe with another half-brother, Sigrød Haraldsson, king of Trondheim. The three kings met in battle at the farm Haugar outside Tønsberg, Olaf and Sigrød were defeated and they both fell there. Both are presumed to have been buried on the same spot. Haugar became the seat for Haugating and Norway's second most important place for the proclamation of kings. Today the site is located on the Jarlsberg Estate situated northwest of the centre of the town of Tønsberg.

Heimskringla gives Olaf by his marriage a son named Tryggve Olafsson, who is there said to have become king of Ranrike and Vingulmark and to have been the father of King Olaf I of Norway. Historia Gruffydd ap Cynan, apparently influenced by 12th century claims of the viking kings of Ireland to an affiliation with the Norse rulers, contains a legendary or fictitious pedigree that makes Olaf the father of Sitric Cáech, king of Dublin and Northumbria, whose son Olaf Cuaran was ancestor of King Gruffydd ap Cynan of Gwynedd.

title: Olaf Haraldsson Geirstadalf


text:
Jaime de Angulo

Jaime de Angulo (1887–1950) was a linguist, novelist, and ethnomusicologist in the western United States. He was born in Paris of Spanish parents. He came to America in 1905 to become a cowboy, and eventually arrived in San Francisco on the eve of the great 1906 earthquake. He lived a picaresque life including stints as a cowboy, medical doctor and psychologist, a decade of field work in Native American linguistics and anthropology, and over forty years participation in the literary-artistic-bohemian culture of the San Francisco Bay Area.

Career
De Angulo began his career in field linguistics and anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley in the early 1920s, shortly after his marriage to L. S. ("Nancy") Freeland. (He had already acquired an M.D. from Johns Hopkins and done research in biology at Stanford.) During the next decade he and his wife lived for intermittent periods among several native Californian tribes to study their cultures, languages and music. As a linguist he contributed to the knowledge of more than a dozen native Northern Californian and Mexican Indian languages and music-systems and collected additional field data on their cultures and oral traditions. De Angulo was particularly interested in the semantics of grammatical systems of the tribes he studied, and was a pioneer in the study of North American ethnomusicology, particularly in his recordings of native music, and he was especially concerned to develop an existential understanding of Native American cosmology, social psychology, values and culture. From the perspective of the academic scholarship of the period, this amounted to "going native." His key exposition of this matter is “Indians In Overalls”, first published in 1950 in The Hudson Review and subsequently as a book.

De Angulo corresponded with Franz Boas, Alfred L. Kroeber, and Edward Sapir. Much of his fieldwork was funded by the American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Research in Native American Languages, under direction chiefly of Boas, and in part through Kroeber, head of Berkeley's Department of Anthropology, which published some of it and which archives some of his notes.

As a phonetician, he was largely self-taught. He had no formal training in the field, but acquired a basis in the discipline and discourse from trained linguists he worked with, including Nancy Freeland; by his own account his correspondence seeking instruction "exhausted Sapir's patience". In one case, the accuracy of his record has been questioned, and some linguistic work attributed to him was done by his wife. Boas, Kroeber, and finally Sapir also had qualms about his reliability, and Boas suspected that some of his analysis of Achumawi was imaginary and not based on actual observation, but these leaders in the still-emergent field of Americanist linguistics had an urgent need to get workers of any competence into the field while indigenous languages were still spoken.

De Angulo's Bohemian lifestyle disconcerted college manners and social hypocrisies and contributed to his not pursuing a normal academic career. His involvement in Native American research effectively came to an end following the death of his son Alvar in an automobile accident in 1933, near Big Sur. He retired to the isolated hilltop ranch there where he had lived intermittently for many years, and which he had first homesteaded after the 1915 failure of his ranch in Alturas. At this point his writings took a turn into fiction and poetry, much of which he justified as alternative techniques of presenting in accessible format the ethnographic detail he had collected. This was especially true for his bestseller, Indian Tales. Much of his fictional work attempted to recognize and embrace the native "coyote tales", or the trickster wisdom inherent in native storytelling. Ezra Pound called him "the American Ovid" and William Carlos Williams "one of the most outstanding writers I have ever encountered." de Angulo also went on to tutor numerous famous authors including Jack Spicer in linguistics, and Robert Duncan in North American shamanic sorcery; he appears as a character in Jack Kerouac's books.

Perceptions of de Angulo swing wildly; he is seen variously as a gifted but inconsistent field ethnographer, an ‘‘Old Coyote,’’ an anarchist hero and talented subversive. Some (including Pound and Williams) regarded him as an accomplished poet. De Angulo shaped and diversified the scholarly picture of the native Californian landscape. His re-envisioning of the ontological status of Native American cosmology and ethnology anticipated the Deep Ecology and Back To The Pleistocene thought of the 1990s. He was friend and colleague to poets, composers, and scholars such as Harry Partch, Henry Miller, Robinson Jeffers, Mary Austin, Henry Cowell, Carl Jung, D. H. Lawrence, Kenneth Rexroth, Robert Duncan, and many others and an important participant in the San Francisco bay area's literary and cultural avant garde from his arrival until his death.

Works

 * Coyote Man and Old Doctor Loon (San Francisco, Turtle Island, 1973)
 * Coyote's Bones (San Francisco, Turtle Island, 1974)
 * Indians in Overalls (Hudson Review, 1950; San Francisco, Turtle Island, 1973)', "his first linguistic field trip - in 1921 - to the Achumawi tribe"
 * Indian Tales, A.A. Wyn and Hill & Wang (1953)
 * Indian Tales were read live on KPFA radio in the 1949 (prior to book publication), and released as a recording
 * "Home Among The Swinging Stars: Collected Poems," ed. Stefan Hyner (Albuquerque, La Alameda Press, 2006)
 * The Lariat (San Francisco, Turtle Island, 1974)
 * "Don Bartolomeo" (San Francisco, Turtle Island, 1974)
 * Old Time Stories, Volume 1: Shabegok. Turtle Island, 1976
 * Old Time Stories, Volume 2: How The World Was Made. Turtle Island, 1976

title: Jaime de Angulo


text: Category:247 BC births

title: Category:247 BC births


text:
FPG

FPG may refer to:

 * Fasting plasma glucose
 * Fisher Poets Gathering, an American poetry festival
 * Formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase
 * Formosa Plastics Group, a Taiwanese conglomerate
 * Fragmenta Philosophorum Graecorum, a collection of fragments of ancient Greek philosophical texts
 * Frederick Philip Grove (1879–1948), German-born Canadian novelist and translator.
 * Galician People's Front (Spanish: Frente Popular Galega), a regional political party in Spain

 * Federal Poverty Guidelines (in the US)

title: FPG


text: Category:195 BC deaths

title: Category:195 BC deaths


text:
The City Waites

The City Waites is a British early music ensemble. Formed in the early 1970s, they specialise in English music of the 16th and 17th centuries from the street, tavern, theatre and countryside — the music of ordinary people. They endeavour to appeal to a wide general audience as well as to scholars. They have toured the UK, much of Europe, the Middle East, the Far East and the USA, performing everywhere from major concert halls and universities to village squares. Collaborations include the National Theatre, the Royal Shakespeare Company and Shakespeare's Globe. They can be heard on several movie and TV soundtracks; they broadcast frequently and have made more than 30 CDs.

Lucie Skeaping
Lucie Skeaping sings and plays the baroque violin. She is also founder-director of the Burning Bush, a band which explores klezmer (traditional Jewish music) as well as Arab-influenced music (another member of the band, Robin Jeffrey, plays Middle Eastern instruments). She presents BBC Radio 3's Early Music Show and other programmes which showcase early music ensembles of the UK and other countries. She has written the award-winning school book Let's Make Tudor Music and her "Musical Mystery Tour" visits numerous schools each year. Her many CDs include Home Sweet Home (with Ian Partidge), a celebration of 19th century parlour music, and English National Songs. Her book Broadside Ballads won the Music Industry Award for Best Classical Music Publication 2006. Her latest publication is Who Gave Thee Thy Jolly Red Nose?, an anthology of recorder music.

Douglas Wootton
Douglas Wootton is one of the few tenors who accompany themselves on the lute. He also plays bandora, cittern, and tabor. Due to his promotion of the band they were voted the second-best Folk Band of the Year in the pages of Melody Maker. His down-to-earth approach sets the tone for the band. He also writes musicals for children.

Roddy Skeaping
Roddy Skeaping was involved in the Early Music revival from its earliest days, working with the Academy of Ancient Music, David Munrow's Early Music Consort and the Consort of Musicke. He was appointed Leverhulme Research Fellow at the Royal College of Music where he also taught the viola da gamba. As a composer he creates all the group's musical arrangements and has also written scores for the Royal National Theatre, Shakespeare's Globe, the Royal Shakespeare Company and several historical feature films.

Nicholas Perry
Nicholas Perry trained as a horn player at the Guildhall School of Music going on to study instrument making as a Crafts Council apprentice. He has performed and recorded for many London-based early music ensembles including the Gabrieli Consort, the English Baroque Soloists. The Taverner Consort and His Majesty’s Sagbutts and Cornetts. He is a regular player at Shakespeare’s Globe and the Royal Shakespeare Company and continues to work as an early brass instrument maker. He is currently the UK’s only professional serpent leatherer.

Michael Brain
Michael Brain plays curtal, baroque bassoon, recorder, oboe and sings. He was a chorister at Westminster Abbey. He is related to the horn player Dennis Brain. On stage he gives spirited descriptions of how the instruments are constructed. He also works as a plumber.

Former members
The Skeapings and/or Douglas Wootton have been core of a constantly changing line-up. Musicians who have worked with the group previously include:

 * Joe Skeaping - violin
 * Keith Thompson - woodwind
 * Barbara Grant - soprano, violin
 * Nicholas Hayley - bass viol
 * Robin Jeffrey - lute
 * Richard Wistreich - baritone
 * Graham Wells - woodwinds

Discography

 * The English Stage Jig (Hyperion) - released March 9
 * The English Tradition (ARC)
 * Low and Lusty Ballads (Regis)
 * Penny Merriments (Naxos)
 * Bawdy Ballads of Old England (Regis, 1995) formerly the Mufitians of Grope Lane (Musica Oscura)
 * Christmas Now is Drawing Near (Saydisc) CD-SDL 371
 * How the World Wags (Hyperion, 1981) A 66008
 * Pills to Purge Melancholy (Saydisc, 1990) CD-SDL 382
 * The Music of the Tudor Age
 * Music of the Middle Ages
 * Music of the Stuart Age
 * Music from the Time of Henry VIII
 * Music from the Time of Charles II
 * A Madrigal for All Seasons

On LP

 * The City Waites (Decca, 1976) SKL 5264
 * A Gorgeous Gallery of Gallant Inventions (EMI, 1974) EMC 3017

title: The City Waites


text:
Peter Schmidt (artist)

Peter Schmidt (17 May 1931 – 22 January 1980) was a Berlin-born British artist, painter, theoretician of color and composition, pioneering multimedia exhibitor and an influential teacher at Watford College of Art. He was part of a generation of art school teachers in the 1960s and 1970s who had great impact on some students who later went on to work in art and music. He worked with Hansjörg Mayer, Brian Eno, Mark Boyle, Dieter Roth and had associations with Russell Mills, David Toop and Tom Phillips.

Biography
Peter Schmidt was born 17 May 1931 in Berlin, moved to England with his Jewish mother in 1938, and began painting in 1947. He studied at the Goldsmiths College from 1951 to 1953, and Slade School from 1953 to 1957. He won the Abbey Minor Travelling Scholarship 1957–58, which was spent in Sicily. On his return to England, he painted directly from objects and people, mainly in oils. His work was exhibited at Beaux Arts, with his first one-man show in 1961. He was the subject of a film called CUBISM AND BEYOND: DEPARTURES made for BBC TV in 1961. In 1963 he began a concept of painting he called PROGRAM. He produced a series of works inspired by music exhibited in a one-man show at the Curwen Gallery 1966. By this time his work had become totally abstract and he was focusing on ideas and systems. He performed an electronic music event called A PAINTERS USE OF SOUND at the ICA in 1967. Other music and performance work were at the Bristol Arts Centre, the UFO Club and, the Cochrane Theatre. He was also working with Mark Boyle at that time, performing in "Son et Lumiere" also at the Cochrane. The 1968 ICA exhibition "Cybernetic Serendipity", curated by Jasia Reichardt, had Schmidt as musical director. He performed ELECTRONIC SOUP MIX in 1969 at the Curwin Gallery, and FILM SOUND MIXES at the ICA.

In 1972 he produced a series of 64 drawings based on hexagrams of the I Ching. One of his last creative explorations in non-figurative work was a series of abstract paintings, which were illuminated by a special shifting colour light box, the electronics of which were specially designed. At this point his work gradually started to become figurative once more. In 1975 he had an exhibition at the Whitechapel Art Gallery, shared with his students at Watford School of Art, "Painting on Clothes".

During his life Schmidt explored many media and ideas. He produced a huge amount of work including books, prints, film, sound and painting. For the latter years of his life he painted in water colour, spending extended periods on the Canary Islands, the Isle of Skye off the coast of Scotland, and in Iceland painting landscapes. Although representational, Schmidt's approach was to use his theory of colour and composition developed previously. In other words, to create both an abstract and figurative painting in one.

The last exhibition Schmidt planned, called 'More Than Nothing' at Paul Ide Gallery in Brussels, was of collaborative works with Brian Eno. Among the works shown was the first generative light box, a watercolour painting of Eno called "Portrait of Eno with Allusions", several Tiger Mountain prints, the French edition of the oracle card set called Oblique Strategies, the four "Mandala Castles" and etchings created especially for this event.

Schmidt was on holiday on La Gomera in the Canary Islands when he died suddenly of a heart attack on 22 January 1980, just days before the Brussels exhibition's opening. He was survived by his brother, sister, son, daughter, their mother (and his second wife), and his third wife.

Works
Schmidt met Brian Eno as a visiting lecturer at Ipswich art school in the late 1960s and later became a friend and collaborator. They found they had both independently arrived at a system of using little quotes and axioms to overcome artistic obstacles. They combined efforts to publish the Oblique Strategies cards in 1975. Brian Eno commented on Schmidt. The Oblique Strategies seem to have been an outgrowth of Schmidt's own "Thoughts Behind The Thoughts".

Schmidt has two prints from 1971, both called "Flowing in the Right Direction" in the Tate Collection. Five of Schmidt's Monoprints from late 1968 are in the UK Government Art Collection that maintains and exhibits works in various government buildings. Several of these Monoprints can be seen in the James Bond 007 film "On Her Majesty's Secret Service."

Schmidt created 1500 different silk screen portraits of Eno, four of which are used on the cover of the LP Taking Tiger Mountain. The Robert Fripp and Brian Eno LP Evening Star has on its cover a Schmidt painting.

Eno included four watercolour prints of Schmidt's work with the first edition of his LP Before and after Science and wrote in its liner notes: "Apart from our collaboration on this record, Peter and I have been working together and comparing notes for some time.  In 1975 we produced a boxed set of oracle cards called 'Oblique Strategies', which were used extensively in the making of this record."

Schmidt created the water colour painting, "Portrait of Eno with Allusions" originally considered for the cover of the "Before and After Science" LP.

Many of his later works were abstract/realist landscapes produced and sold in Iceland. His work was collected by the actors Terence Stamp and Julie Christie.

Publications

 * "futura 24 – programmed squares 11" (An edition of 300). Broadsheet published by Edition Hansjoerg Mayer, Stuttgart, 1968.
 * "ROTAPRINTS" (An edition of 26 (A-Z) plus 10 proof copies). Published by Edition Hansjoerg Mayer, Stuttgart, 1968.
 * "Electrostatic Portraits", (An edition of 25). Published by Edition Hansjoerg Mayer, Stuttgart, 1968.
 * "Im Kopf – In The Head - A Book of Drawings" (An edition of 250 copies). A book of line drawings, a psycho-philosophical analysis of the human mind. The cover is embossed with one of these drawings.  Published by Peter Schmidt, London, 1969.
 * "Peter Schmidt Autobiographical Monoprints" (An edition of 400 each copy has a unique set of color prints). A 78-page booklet, with an analytical introduction by Jasia Reichardt, to accompany an exhibition at Lisson Gallery.  These monoprints were made between July and November 1969, incorporating elements from 1947–1969, "In choosing the material to work with I tried to revisit and own up to every aspect of my life.  I found that the things that were most painful to use were the best to use."  Published by Lisson Gallery, London, 1970
 * "The Thoughts Behind the Thoughts". (An edition of 100). A wooden box containing 55 original cards, letter press on old prints with a perspex lid. Published by Peter Schmidt, London, 1970.
 * "Everyday Third Eye Vision" (Broadsheet) Published by Peter Schmidt, London, 1972.
 * "Flikker Book 7", Published by Editions Alecto, 1972.
 * "Printed in Watford" (An edition of 1000). Published by Watford School of Art, 1974.
 * "The Lord's Prayer Hung on the Tree of Life" (Broadsheet) Published by Peter Schmidt, London, 1974.
 * "Sketchmaps"(An edition of 100). Published by Peter Schmidt, London, 1974.
 * "Mother and Daughter", Published by Peter Schmidt, London, 1974.
 * "A Meeting with Kali", Published by Peter Schmidt, London, 1975.
 * "Oblique Strategies", with Brian Eno, an edition of 500 copies. "Over one hundred worthwhile dilemmas by BRIAN ENO and PETER SCHMIDT" (actually 113 worthwhile dilemmas and four or five blank cards). Published by EG Management, 1975.
 * "a secret in stone", a book of Schmidt's poetry, with drawings by Patrick Hourihan, an edition of 500 copies. Published by Watford School of Art, 1979.

Exhibitions
Peter Schmidt had exhibitions at:
 * Beaux Arts Gallery, London – 1961
 * Curwen Gallery, London – 1966
 * Gallerie Hansjorg Mayer, Stuttgart – 1967
 * Lisson Gallery, London; Editions Alecto Gallery, London – 1968
 * Bear Lane Gallery, London; Curwen Gallery, London – 1969
 * Lisson Gallery, London – 1970
 * White Chapel Gallery, London – 1975
 * JPL Fine Arts, "Watercolours", London – 1977
 * Galerie Shandar, Paris; Galleri Sudurgata 7, Reykjavik; Sundholl Gallery, Isafordor; Caius College Gallery, Cambridge – 1978
 * Paul Ide Gallery, Brussels; Galleri Sudurgata 7, Reykjavik; Vertshuis Gallery, Flatey – 1979
 * Paul Ide Gallery (with Brian Eno) "More Than Nothing", Brussels – 1980
 * Watford Museum, "Remembered Images", Watford – 1987
 * The Living Art Museum, "Icelandic Landscapes", Reykjavik – 1995
 * Mummery & Schnelle, "To Become Like Music", London – 2008

Quotes

 * "One of the functions of art is to offer a more desirable reality; a model as it were, of another style of existence with its own pace and its own cultural reference." Peter Schmidt
 * "In a roomful of shouting people, the one who whispers becomes interesting." Peter Schmidt
 * "My friend Peter Schmidt used to talk about ‘not doing the things that nobody had ever thought of not doing’, which is an inverse process – where you leave out an assumption that everybody has always made and see what happens (e.g. music has to be made of intentionally produced sounds was the assumption that Cage left out)." Brian Eno, in A Year With Swollen Appendices, p. 178
 * "He was enigmatic and tried to get us to approach things from different angles. Not however, in an analytical way though he could be very analytical, it was more to do with looking for the mysterious invisible centre of experience." Linda Landers, former student
 * "These cards evolved from our separate observations on the principles underlying what we were doing. Sometimes they were recognized in retrospect (intellect catching up with intuition), sometimes they were identified as they were happening, sometimes they were formulated. They can be used as a pack (a set of possibilities being continuously reviewed in the mind) or by drawing a single card from the shuffled pack when a dilemma occurs in a working situation. In this case,the card is trusted even if its appropriateness is quite unclear. They are not final, as new ideas will present themselves, and others will become self-evident." Brian Eno/Peter Schmidt – Card No. 2 from Oblique Strategies, 1975
 * "...During the past two years, Peter Schmidt has restricted his work almost exclusively to water colours, that curious medium which seems to stand on the borderline between 'Sunday painting' and 'serious painting'. I believe that this ambiguity itself has been a major reason for his continued use of the medium, for it allows pictorial events which can be light-hearted and ephemeral, and at the same time brooding and mysterious.  The medium does not stipulate a particular emotional range, and presents itself to a perceiver in a kind of innocent and understated way – as if with a lowered voice.  It seems that at a time when the currency of the day is to engage in productions that are in some way epic – be it in terms of scale, loudness or detail – that which is simple and quiet suddenly becomes relevant.  It is talking in a new way..." Brian Eno, 1978
 * "Travel was necessary to enable Peter to paint. He longed for solitude and sought to investigate the influence solitude had on his perception of the world about him.  Painting itself was for him just a part of the creative process.  He went for walks, submitting himself to the influence of whatever met his eye.  He did not take with him a sketchbook or any paint-tools, but when he had finished his walk he emptied his mind of all superfluities and painted from memory what remained there." Eggert Pétursson, from the "Icelandic Landscapes" exhibition catalogue, 1995
 * "Each year the students would create a book that was printed and bound in the college. Eduardo Paolozzi did his Abba Zabba there one year. 'Printed in Watford' was done by the year above me, our year was 'Constructive Anachronisms For Supportive Analysis' (a book about Shelf Brackets) with Hansjorg Meyer. The following year, however I did a magazine with Peter Schmidt, The Foundation Course and Brian Eno called 'The Humble Meek'. It was like an up-market religious pamphlet spoofing an entire religion foisted onto the banal wise-words of a made-up Watford Housewife. There was a twist to it all as well. I have a pile of these still, I sold them in Record Shops and the right kind of bookshop, and we got rid of hundreds of the buggers. 'Irene Williams' she was called and we had just the one photo of her, rescued from a photo booth in London. The point of this is to show that Peter was amazingly playful and had a tremendous sense of humour, often quite wicked." Cally, a student, taken from a private correspondence, 2007

title: Peter Schmidt (artist)


text:
The Book of the Damned

The Book of the Damned was the first published nonfiction work by American author Charles Fort (first edition 1919). Concerning various types of anomalous phenomena including UFOs, strange falls of both organic and inorganic materials from the sky, odd weather patterns, the possible existence of creatures generally believed to be mythological, disappearances of people, and many other phenomena, the book is considered to be the first of the specific topic of anomalistics.

Overview and Fort's thesis
The title of the book referred to what he termed the "damned" data – data that had been damned, or excluded, by modern science because of their not conforming to accepted belief. Fort charged that mainstream scientists are conformists who believe in what is accepted and popular, and never really search for truth that may be contrary to what they believe. He also compared the close-mindedness of many scientists to that of religious fundamentalists, implying that the supposed "battle" between science and religion is just a distraction for the fact that, science, in his opinion is in essence simply a de facto religion. This is a theme that Fort developed more in his later works, New Lands and Lo!, particularly.

Fort was one of the first major writers to deal extensively with paranormal phenomena and The Book of the Damned has been hailed as highly influential on later writers on the paranormal.

Content
The first few chapters of the book deal largely with explaining Fort's thesis. As a particular instance, he cites the strange glowing in the sky worldwide, which supposedly resulted from the 1883 eruption of the volcano Krakatoa. Fort claims that such a phenomenon had in fact preceded the eruption by several months, and suggests that scientists, who had been puzzled by the phenomenon initially, used Krakatoa as a convenient explanation for something that they could not explain previously.

Fort has a particular interest in strange "falls", and discusses purported falls of fish, frogs, and various unidentifiable materials. He also has chapters discussing the findings of "thunderstones", which supposedly fell from the sky during lightning storms; a discussion of evidence for the existence of giants (huge oversized axes too big for any person to use) and fairies (so-called "fairy crosses" and "coffins"); a brief chapter on poltergeist phenomena; the disappearances of many people (including the supposed disappearance of several hundred people in a shelter during the 1755 Lisbon earthquake; he also briefly mentions the famous case of the Mary Celeste (which he would discuss in much more detail in his later Lo!); a rather long section concerning a number of purported UFO sightings (this book was written well before 1947, Kenneth Arnold, and the start of modern UFO allegations); and ends with a mention of the "Devil's Footprints" mystery in England during 1855, also citing a number of similar cases. The book also discusses triangle UFOs and sightings of them in various parts of the world from the early 1880s.

Fort's theory and criticism
Fort's explanation for the above "falls" and UFO sightings is that of the Super-Sargasso Sea – i.e., kind of a stationary "sea" where all things on Earth that are lost are mysteriously found, and occasionally rain back down on Earth (he developed this idea in much more detail in his later books). Though Fort himself apparently does not really believe this explanation, he (at least in this book) does not purport to explain the phenomena as a whole, simply stating the facts as they are, and letting readers to make their own conclusions. His lack of explanation for the phenomena he presents has led some skeptics and critics, particularly Martin Gardner, to criticize Fort as simply a destructive critic (or "crank") presenting negative claims without positive accounts.

Publication
The Book of the Damned was published by the American firm Boni & Liveright, who were the then publishers of Fort's friend, the author Theodore Dreiser. It was on Dreiser's suggestion that Boni & Liveright published the book. Advertising of the book was handled by Boni & Liveright's publicist, Edward Bernays.

Availability
The Book of the Damned is available in paperback from Tarcher, Prometheus Books, and because it has become public domain, can also be found in Dover Publications's The Complete Works of Charles Fort, which contains all of his books on this subject, and several websites. The book has also been made available in audio format at Librivox.

title: The Book of the Damned


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The kate kennedy club

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 11:04, May 2, 2005 (UTC)

The kate kennedy club

 * Speedy Delete Double entry, exact same article exists with capitalized name letters. --Andpersson 08:29, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedily redirected after renaming target article. No need for VfD process. -- The Anome 08:33, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Old malformed redirect now deleted after fixing links. -- The Anome 09:08, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: Category:210 BC births

title: Category:210 BC births


text: Category:188 BC deaths

title: Category:188 BC deaths


text:
Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1961–1963

This is a list of members of the Australian House of Representatives from 1961 to 1963, as elected at the 1961 federal election.

 * At this time, the members for the Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory could only vote on matters relating to their respective territories.
 * The Labor member for Batman, Alan Bird, died on 21 July 1962; Labor candidate Sam Benson won the resulting by-election on 1 September.
 * The Labor member for Grey, Edgar Russell, died on 31 March 1963; Labor candidate Jack Mortimer won the resulting by-election on 1 June.
 * The Labor member for East Sydney, Eddie Ward, died on 31 July 1963; Labor candidate Len Devine won the resulting by-election on 28 September.


text:
Talk:Greater fool theory

This article has been written on the Indian stock market context
(content removed by Lawrence)

--PRASOON MUKHERJEE 08:22, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your contribution Prasoon. However this space should be used to discuss the article itself and how to improve it. Thank you. Lawrence Lavigne 14:10, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)

Pyramid Schemes?
Could this article be used in reference to Pyramid schemes? It seems like a similar concept (you buy into the pyramid schemes with hopes of finding a "bigger fool" to give you money.
 * Really, it would depend whether a reputable source has made that connection. It isn't for Wikipedia's editors to create connections. Notinasnaid 10:17, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

BetacommandBot 11:22, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

PICKY PICKY PICKY - an image of a Russian coin is not copyrightable. Please do not turn Wikipedia into a maze of useless rules and self-appointed cops. 208.238.205.35 (talk) 08:54, 19 January 2008 (UTC)

It isn't just Economics
Ya' know, this also applies to many a strategy game. Often, all you can do is assume that it will take your opponent more effort undo your work than what you put in. Heck, this is the whole theory behind using turrets- It will take more work for your enemy to get past them than for you to put them up.

Anyway, I'm just saying that it doesn't just apply to Economics. Someone really should add something saying that (even quote me- I don't care), but I'm a bit too apathetic to do it... --A person without an account (sometimes called Driaquer) 1312 PST, July 13th, 2007

Pop Culture

 * I felt it was a good idea to keep this section pending some consideration of support for it. I agree with Jeh's reasons for deleting it, but the answer isn't an immediate deletion, but a call for a citation.  Not a direct citation of the episode, but a secondary source that uses the episode in context to the economic theory.  This is what IPC calls for.  Like many economic topics, this concept can be somewhat difficult for novices to understand.  Sometimes a cultural reference can make it easier for lay people to understand.  If someone can find a good secondary source that uses the reference in context, then it would be an improvement to the article.  I'll keep this on my Watchlist and I'll check on it in a few weeks to see if someone has addressed this.  If they haven't, then it probably needs to be deleted.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by AlanK (talk • contribs) 22:16, 24 January 2013 (UTC)

 * Quoting user in Talk:RS-232: "The standard criteria apply: was there a notable real-world impact? Did the subject take notice of the reference? Did secondary sources pick up on the reference? In its present form, none of those criteria were met by this section, and it shouldn't go back in until such point as that's been remedied." Jeh (talk) 23:43, 26 January 2013 (UTC)

 * I wanted to see if someone, anyone could come up with some citation that would put this mention in context. I think the episode does a good job of it, but I can't find any such mention in my web search.  The problem with IPC is that complex concepts like greater fool theory really need some popular culture to provide an analogy that puts it into context for the average reader.  Not being an economist myself I find the article difficult to comprehend, but having seen the episode, I found the episode's analogy (and Sloane's description) to be better at explaining it.  I think the Wikipedia style guide is short-sighted, at least as far as this article is concerned.  Anyway, I'm going to look deeper into IPC and post some questions on it's talk page to discuss this issue in a broader sense. AlanK (talk) 20:55, 1 May 2013 (UTC)

 * The trouble is that an episode of a TV fiction series is not a WP:RS by any stretch, so we can't use the analogy given in it as a way to explain the concept here. If you want to use a similar analogy that explains the concept better than the existing article, look for one in a WP:RS. Jeh (talk) 04:39, 6 October 2013 (UTC)

Reference to the Internet in 1973 edition?
''This effect was explained by economics professor Burton Malkiel in his book A Random Walk Down Wall Street (1973 first edition): ''A bubble starts when any group of stocks, in this case those associated with the excitement of the Internet, begin to rise.

The term "Internet" came up in 1974, so I doubt that it was already used in the 1973 first edition. This probably is cited from a post-2000 edition. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.96.68.145 (talk) 09:54, 19 November 2021 (UTC)

First Hyperinflation Example not an example?
Is "Hyperinflation" an example of this? As written, these inflationary events are not "foolish pricing" but real reactions to real limitations of the ecconomy - prices are high because costs are high, not because anyone thinks they will be able to foster overprices items on some other sucker. I think this paragraph should be last in the section and begin with "In contrast..." j-beda (talk) 14:36, 14 January 2023 (UTC)

Intrinsic value
This article repeatedly refers to "intrinsic value" without defining what it is. The term "intrinsic value" sounds clever, although it is a difficult concept to define with a lot of nuance. It is therefore often used in arguments by appeal to authority, even in the case of the Nobel laureates mentioned in the article. Keirfinlowbates (talk) 14:45, 18 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Greater fool theory


text:
User talk:Dakotakid

Testing dakotakid

title: User talk:Dakotakid


text:
Talk:Bespoke software

Bespoke software is a specially made software, it is a one of a kind software so no one else will have the same software as you. Big companies such as banks and esso use bespoke software and devote thousands of hours to produce.

title: Talk:Bespoke software


text:
Talk:Jaime de Angulo

Untitled
I am the creator of the following page on Jaime de Angulo:
 * http://www.angelfire.com/sk/syukhtun/Jaime.html, and give my permission for the text to be placed here.

Theo Radic, http://www.syukhtun.net
 * confirmed by email.--Duk 15:50, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Article Clean Up
This article only covered one aspect of Jaime de Angulo's life. I have done my best to include information about his entire life, that might be on interest to the reader. --DO11.10 23:30, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

Additional info:
Some additional tidbits can be found at: https://adventuresofahometowntourist.wordpress.com/category/carmel-cottage-inn/

The correct spelling of the name of the Mable Luhan mentioned in the above article is likely Mabel Luhan. There is a Wikipedia article about her at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabel_Dodge_Luhan Robinson and Una Jeffers are mentioned in both sources, evidence that this is the same person.

and: https://www.myheritage.com/names/cary_baynes

title: Talk:Jaime de Angulo


text:
Talk:Springer Science+Business Media

Bild-Zeitung
User:Vivacissamamente wrote: I removed the following.
 * In 1968 the Springer publishing house became infamous among Germany's students for portraying them in a bad light during the German student movement. Springer's tabloid Bild-Zeitung described Rudi Dutschke, an important leader of the movement, as "public enemy number one" and a few days later he was shot by a Neo-Nazi.

The tabloid belonged to Axel Springer.

 * V's facts are indeed true, but there is a relation: Springer Verlag is part of Axel Springer's publishing empire. There's been efforts made to separate the parts of the business, but believe that in the late 1960s the ties were closer and I've heard of people avoiding S-V because of the above event.   However, I think that fact-checking and copy-editing are needed before the above should be put back in the article --- Charles Stewart 20:20, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Can anyone confirm that Springer-Verlag-Bertelsmann-Kluwer which is now called Springer Science+Business Media is related to Axel Springer? The german wikipedia authors seem to think there is no relation between them. From what i understand, Bertelsmann has been generally considered a competitor to Axel Springer. "Verlag" just means "publishing house" BTW. Hmmmm...

It seems that Springer Verlag which became Springer Science+Business Media started from Julius Springer in 1842, while Axel Springer Verlag started from Axel Springer born in 1912. The same name Springer is just a coincidence.

Springer Verlag: In 1842, on his 25th birthday, Julius Springer opened a bookstore in Berlin. This was followed not long afterwards by the foundation of the Springer publishing house (Verlag Julius Springer). At first it mainly published political and philosophical works after 1848.

Axel Springer: (b. May 2, 1912 in Hamburg-Altona - d. September 22, 1985 in West Berlin), was a German journalist and the founder and owner of the Axel Springer AG publishing company. ...Springer's career started with the foundation of Axel Springer GmbH in Hamburg in 1947.

i'll add this briefly to the disambiguation statements. Boud 11:30, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

media concentration
Please contribute to media concentration as necessary. After all, Wikimedia Foundation will sooner or later get to the stage of being one of the world's biggest media networks, but with a totally different method of content control than the traditional media organisations :). Boud 15:49, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

Still confused?
The famous scholarly "Verlag Julius Springer" of Heidelberg, originally founded in Berlin 1842, publishes scientific books and scholarly journals only. It was in Julius Springer's journal "Annalen der Physik" that Einstein published his relativity theory.

It has absolutely nothing whatever to do with the media empire founded in 1947 by a Mr. Axel Springer (no relation!), called "Axel Springer AG", which publishes the Hamburg newspaper "Die Welt" and the scandal tabloid "Bild", and which criticized the student protests. In his lifetime, he frequently made the headlines for various anti-communist statements, and for moving his media empire from Hamburg demonmstratively into a new tower located just a few feet from the Berlin Wall.

May I suggest that you use the proper names of the 2 corporations, "Julius Springer" and "Axel Springer", rather than the ambiguous "Springer Verlag" which has over the years been used by both firms, and could apply to either of them. Dunnhaupt 19:13, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

Robert Maxwell
Nothing on rthe links bwetween Springer and Robert Maxwell. Pergamon as established to distribute Springer material. 86.181.121.21 (talk) 10:10, 10 February 2021 (UTC)

"Euphytica" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Euphytica&redirect=no Euphytica] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at until a consensus is reached.   Headbomb {t · c · p · b} 21:47, 3 March 2023 (UTC)

"Journal of General Plant Pathology" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_General_Plant_Pathology&redirect=no Journal of General Plant Pathology] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at until a consensus is reached.   Headbomb {t · c · p · b} 06:30, 7 March 2023 (UTC)

"European Journal of Plant Pathology" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_Journal_of_Plant_Pathology&redirect=no European Journal of Plant Pathology] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at until a consensus is reached.   Headbomb {t · c · p · b} 06:30, 7 March 2023 (UTC)

Proposed merge of Humana Press
It's been eight years since a merge was last proposed and in that time Humana Press has grown increasingly outdated and provides little evidence to support the idea that the imprint is notable in its own right.

Vegantics (talk) 15:46, 29 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Support (strong) to reduce excessive fragmentation. gidonb (talk) 11:35, 10 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose, as the publishers signficant output in the 30+ years of independent publishing suggests that the topic is notable. One would expect little recent news given that this is now an imprint rather than a company, but to exclude it on those grounds is recentism. Klbrain (talk) 16:43, 18 October 2023 (UTC)

"VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VS_Verlag_f%C3%BCr_Sozialwissenschaften&redirect=no VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Bgsu98  (Talk)  02:33, 13 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Springer Science+Business Media


text: Category:170 BC deaths

title: Category:170 BC deaths


text:
Mark Boyle (artist)

Mark Boyle (11 May 1934 – 4 May 2005 ) was a Scottish artist born in Glasgow and known for his work in the cultural UK Underground of the 1960s around the Traverse Theatre, and from 1985 exhibited with Joan Hills and their children Sebastian and Georgia as Boyle Family.

Although Boyle Family have worked across a wide range of different media (including painting, photography, sculpture, film, projection, sound recordings and drawing), they are perhaps most well known for their Earth studies. These pictures – highly accurate painted casts that operate somewhere between painting and sculpture – involve the meticulous re-creation of randomly chosen areas of the Earth's surface using resin and fibreglass (as well as real materials collected from the original site) and have been exhibited internationally. Past shows have included the British Pavilion at the XXXIX Venice Biennale in 1978, Beyond Image - Boyle Family (Hayward Gallery, London) in 1986 and Boyle Family (Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh) - a major retrospective held in 2003.

In addition to developing highly original casting techniques, Mark Boyle and Joan Hills also pioneered the use of liquid light shows during the 1960s. These projections played a seminal role in the development of the counter-culture of the period. The light environments were used to accompany stage performances by such artists as Jimi Hendrix and jazz-rock pioneers Soft Machine.

Amongst others he collaborated with are George Brecht, Peter Schmidt (artist), Cornelius Cardew, and John Tilbury.

title: Mark Boyle (artist)


text:
Garmin G1000

The Garmin G1000 is an electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) typically composed of two display units, one serving as a primary flight display, and one as a multi-function display. Manufactured by Garmin Aviation, it serves as a replacement for most conventional flight instruments and avionics. Introduced in June 2004, the system has since become one of the most popular integrated glass cockpit solutions for general aviation and business aircraft.

Components
An aircraft with a basic Garmin G1000 installation contains two LCDs (one acting as the primary flight display and the other as the multi-function display) as well as an integrated communications panel that fits between the two. These displays are designated as a GDU, Garmin Display Unit.

Beyond that, additional features are found on newer and larger G1000 installations, such as in business jets. This includes:
 * A third display unit, to act as a co-pilot PFD
 * An alphanumeric keyboard
 * An integrated flight director/autopilot (without it, the G1000 interfaces with an external autopilot)

Depending on the airplane manufacturer and whether or not a GFC 700 autopilot is installed, the G1000 system will consist of either two GDU 1040 displays (no autopilot), a GDU 1040 PFD/GDU 1043 MFD (GFC 700 autopilot installed), or a GDU 1045 PFD/GDU 1045 MFD (GFC 700 autopilot installed with VNAV).

The GDU 1040 is the standard base bezel with no autopilot/flight director mode selection keys below the heading bug. The GDU 1043 has autopilot/flight director keys for all GFC 700 modes except VNAV. The GDU 1045 is essentially identical to the GDU 1043 except for the addition of an autopilot/flight director mode for VNAV. Depending on how the units are installed, an MFD failure may, or may not, affect autopilot or flight director use. If a GDU 1040 is used as a PFD in an airplane equipped with a GFC 700 autopilot, a failure of the MFD (which houses the autopilot mode selection keys) will leave the autopilot engaged, but the modes cannot be changed because no autopilot keys are present on the PFD. But, if an MFD failure occurs in an airplane with the GFC 700 autopilot and either a GDU 1043 or a GDU 1045 bezel installed as a PFD, the pilot will have full use of the autopilot through the keys on the PFD.

Both the PFD and MFD each have two slots for SD memory cards. The top slot is used to update the Jeppesen aviation database (also known as NavData) every 28 days, and to load software and configuration to the system. The aviation database must be current to use GPS for navigation during IFR instrument approaches. The bottom slot houses the World terrain and Jeppesen obstacle databases. While terrain information rarely changes or needs to be updated, obstacle databases can be updated every 56 days through a subscription service. The top card can be removed from the G1000 system following an update, but the bottom card must stay in both the PFD and MFD to ensure accurate terrain awareness and TAWS-B information.

Primary flight display
The primary flight display (PFD) shows the basic flight instruments, such as the attitude indicator, airspeed indicator, altimeter, heading indicator, and course deviation indicator. A small map called the "inset map" can be enabled in the corner. The buttons on the PFD are used to set the squawk code on the transponder. The PFD can also be used for entering and activating flight plans. The PFD also has a "reversionary mode" which is capable of displaying all information shown on the MFD (for example, engine gauges and navigational information). This capability is provided in case of an PFD failure.

Multi-function display
The multi-function display (MFD) typically shows a moving map on the right side, and engine instrumentation on the left. Most of the other screens in the G1000 system are accessed by turning the knob on the lower right corner of the unit. Screens available from the MFD other than the map include the setup menus, information about nearest airports and NAVAIDs, Mode S traffic reports, terrain awareness, XM radio, flight plan programming, and GPS RAIM prediction.

Implementation
The G1000 system consists of several integrated components which sample and exchange data or display information to the pilot.

GDU display
The GDU display unit acts as the primary source of flight information for the pilot. Each display can interchangeably serve as a primary flight display (PFD) or multi-function display (MFD). The wiring harness within the aircraft specifies which role each display is in by default. All of the displays within an aircraft are interconnected using a high-speed Ethernet data bus. A G1000 installation may have two GDUs (one PFD and one MFD) or three (one PFD for each pilot and an MFD). There are several different GDU models in service, which have different screen sizes (from 10 inches to 15 inches) and different bezel controls.

In normal operation, the display in front of the pilot is the PFD and will provide aircraft attitude, airspeed, altitude, vertical speed, heading, rate-of-turn, slip-and-skid, navigation, transponder, inset map view (containing map, traffic, and terrain information), and systems annunciation data. The second display, typically positioned to the right of the PFD, operates in MFD mode and provides engine instrumentation and a moving map display. The moving map can be replaced or overlaid by various other types of data, such as satellite weather, checklists, system information, waypoint information, weather sensor data, and traffic awareness information.

Both displays provide redundant information regarding communications and navigation radio frequency settings even though each display is usually only paired with one GIA Integrated Avionics Unit. In the event of a single display failure, the remaining display will adopt a combined "reversionary mode" and automatically become a PFD combined with engine instrumentation data and other functions of the MFD. A red button labeled "reversionary mode" or "display backup," located on the GMA audio panel, is also available to the pilot to select this mode manually if desired.

GMA audio panel
The GMA panel provides buttons for selecting what audio sources are heard by each member of the cockpit. It also includes a button for forcing the integrated cockpit into its fail-safe reversionary mode.

GMC/GCU remote controllers
The GMC and GCU controllers are panel-mounted modules which provide a more intuitive interface for the pilot than that provided by the GDU. The GMC controls the G1000's autopilot, while the GCU is used to enter navigational data and control the GDU's functions.

GIA integrated avionics unit
The GIA unit is a combined communications and navigation radio, and also serves as the primary data aggregator for the G1000 system. It provides a two-way VHF communications transceiver, a VHF navigation receiver with glideslope, a GPS receiver, and a variety of supporting processors. Each unit is paired with a GDU display, which acts as a controlling unit. The GIA 63W, found on many newer G1000 installations, is an updated version of the older GIA 63 which includes Wide Area Augmentation System support.

GDC air data computer
The GDC computer replaces the internal components of the pitot-static system in traditional aircraft instrumentation. It measures airspeed, altitude, vertical speed, and outside air temperature. This data is then provided to all the displays and integrated avionics units.

GRS attitude and heading reference system (AHRS)
The GRS system uses solid-state sensors to measure aircraft attitude, rate of turn, and slip and skid. This data is then provided to all the integrated avionics units and GDU display units. Unlike many competing systems, the AHRS can be rebooted and recalibrated in flight during turns of up to 20 degrees.

GMU magnetometer
The GMU magnetometer measures aircraft heading and is a digital version of a traditional compass. It does so through aligning itself with the magnetic flux lines of the earth.

GTX transponder
Either the GTX 32 or GTX 33 transponder can be used in the G1000 system, although the GTX 33 is far more common. The GTX 32 provides standard mode-C replies to ATC interrogations while the GTX 33 provides mode-S bidirectional communications with ATC and therefore can indicate traffic in the area as well as announce itself spontaneously via "squittering" without prior interrogation.

GEA engine/airframe unit
The GEA unit measures a large variety of engine and airframe parameters, including engine RPM, manifold pressure, oil temperature, cylinder head temperature, exhaust gas temperature, and fuel level in each tank. This data is then provided to the integrated avionics units.

GSD data aggregator
The GSD is a data aggregator system included on complex G1000 systems, such as that found on the Embraer Phenom 100. It serves as a point of connection which allows external systems to communicate with the G1000.

Backup systems
As a condition of certification, all aircraft utilizing the G1000 integrated cockpit must have a redundant airspeed indicator, altimeter, attitude indicator, and magnetic compass. In the event of a failure of the G1000 instrumentation, these backup instruments become primary.

In addition, a secondary power source is required to power the G1000 instrumentation for a limited time in the event of a failure of the aircraft's alternator and primary battery.

Certification
The Garmin G1000 is generally certified on new general aviation aircraft, including Beechcraft, Cessna, Diamond, Cirrus, Mooney, Piper, Quest (the Quest Kodiak), and Tiger. In late 2005, Garmin first announced in the G1000 in the Columbia Aircraft Model 400, later sold to Cessna. Garmin announced its first G1000 retrofit program for the Beechcraft C90 King Air in 2007. That same year the Garmin G1000 became a jet platform, as the avionics system for the Cessna Citation Mustang very light jet. Versions of the G1000 are also used in the Embraer Phenom 100 and Embraer Phenom 300, and PiperJet, as well as the Bell SLS helicopter.

Competition
The G1000 competes with the Avidyne Entegra and Chelton FlightLogic EFIS glass cockpits. However, there are significant differences with regard to the features, degree of integration, intuitive aspects of the design, and overall product utility. Note that the Chelton system is not typically found in airplanes that include the less expensive G1000 or Avidyne systems.

In 2009 Garmin introduced the Garmin G500 as a retrofit glass cockpit. The G500 has the majority of the capabilities of the G1000, other than integration with the aircraft engine system.

Advantages and drawbacks
As it has GPS, communication, and radio navigation components built directly into the system, it both consolidates components into a centralized location and, for the same reason, becomes potentially more costly to repair or replace. The system has the potential to reduce downtime as key components, such as the AHRS, ADC and PFD, are modular and easily replaced. The system's design also prevents the failure of a single component from "cascading" through other components.

The G1000 is compatible with the latest enhanced vision system (EVS) technology. Enhanced vision systems use thermal and infrared cameras to see real-time images and help turn obscurants such as bad weather, night time, fog, dust and brownouts into better images that can see 8-10 times farther than the naked eye.

There are some safety concerns with all glass cockpits, such as the failure of the primary flight displays (PFD). The Garmin G1000 system offers a reversionary mode that will present all of the primary flight instrumentation on the remaining display. In addition, there are multiple GPS units, and electronic redundancy incorporated extensively throughout the design of the system.

Training and training resources
Flying any glass cockpit aircraft requires transition training to familiarize the pilot with the aircraft's systems. Transition training is most effective when a pilot prepares ahead of time. Most general aviation manufacturers using the G1000 system have FAA Industry Training Standards (FITS) training programs for pilots transitioning into their airplanes. FAA FITS compliant training is recommended for any pilot transitioning to the G1000 or any other glass cockpit prior to operating the aircraft in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) or if operating a glass cockpit aircraft for the first time. Glass cockpit aircraft may not be suitable for primary training.

One of the most effective resources for preparing for G1000 transition training include the Garmin simulator software. In addition, some flight schools now have G1000 flight training devices (FTDs) that provide realistic simulation.

All of the most current Garmin G1000 pilot's guides are available from Garmin as free downloads in PDF format.

title: Garmin G1000


text:
Trifunctional hypothesis

The trifunctional hypothesis of prehistoric Proto-Indo-European society postulates a tripartite ideology ("idéologie tripartite") reflected in the existence of three classes or castes—priests, warriors, and commoners (farmers or tradesmen)—corresponding to the three functions of the sacral, the martial and the economic, respectively. The trifunctional thesis is primarily associated with the French mythographer Georges Dumézil, who proposed it in 1929 in the book Flamen-Brahman, and later in Mitra-Varuna.

Three-way division
According to Georges Dumézil (1898–1986), Proto-Indo-European society had three main groups, corresponding to three distinct functions:
 * Sovereignty, which fell into two distinct and complementary sub-parts:
 * one formal, juridical and priestly but worldly;
 * the other powerful, unpredictable and priestly but rooted in the supernatural world.
 * Military, connected with force, the military and war.
 * Productivity, herding, farming and crafts; ruled by the other two.

In the Proto-Indo-European mythology, each social group had its own god or family of gods to represent it and the function of the god or gods matched the function of the group. Many such divisions occur in the history of Indo-European societies:

 * Southern Russia: Bernard Sergent associates the Indo-European language family with certain archaeological cultures in Southern Russia and reconstructs an Indo-European religion based upon the tripartite functions.
 * Early Germanic society: the supposed division between the king, nobility and regular freemen in early Germanic society.
 * Norse mythology: Odin (sovereignty), Týr (law and justice), the Vanir (fertility). Odin has been interpreted as a death-god and connected to cremations, and has also been associated with ecstatic practices.
 * Classical Greece: the three divisions of the ideal society as described by Socrates in Plato's The Republic. Bernard Sergent examined the trifunctional hypothesis in Greek epic, lyric and dramatic poetry.
 * India: the three Hindu castes, the Brahmins or priests; the Kshatriya, the warriors and military; and the Vaishya, the agriculturalists, cattle rearers and traders. The Shudra, a fourth Indian caste, is a peasant or serf. Researchers believe that Indo-European-speakers entered India in the Late Bronze Age, mixed with local Indus Valley civilisation populations and may have established a caste system, with themselves primarily in higher castes.

Reception
Supporters of the hypothesis include scholars such as Émile Benveniste, Bernard Sergent and Iaroslav Lebedynsky, the last of whom concludes that "the basic idea seems proven in a convincing way".

The hypothesis was embraced outside the field of Indo-European studies by some mythographers, anthropologists and historians such as Mircea Eliade, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Marshall Sahlins, Rodney Needham, Jean-Pierre Vernant and Georges Duby.

On the other hand, Nicholas Allen concludes that the tripartite division may be an artefact and a selection effect, rather than an organising principle that was used in the societies themselves. Benjamin W. Fortson reports a sense that Dumézil blurred the lines between the three functions and the examples that he gave often had contradictory characteristics, which had caused his detractors to reject his categories as nonexistent. John Brough surmises that societal divisions are common outside Indo-European societies as well and so the hypothesis has only limited utility in illuminating prehistoric Indo-European society. Cristiano Grottanelli states that while Dumézilian trifunctionalism may be seen in modern and medieval contexts, its projection onto earlier cultures is mistaken. Belier is strongly critical.

The hypothesis has been criticised by the historians Carlo Ginzburg, Arnaldo Momigliano and Bruce Lincoln as being based on Dumézil's sympathies with the political right. Guy Stroumsa sees those criticisms as unfounded.

title: Trifunctional hypothesis


text: Category:520 BC births

title: Category:520 BC births


text:
Talk:Over-investing

Contained in the Indian stock market context
(content unrelated to the article has been removed by Lawrence) --PRASOON MUKHERJEE 08:30, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your contribution Prasoon. However this space should be used to discuss the article itself and how to improve it. Thank you. Lawrence Lavigne 18:34, May 15, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Over-investing


text: Talk:Kochel

title: Talk:Kochel


text:
User talk:194.103.203.170

April 2005
Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 08:31, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

October 2006
Please do not add nonsense to Wikipedia; it is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. – Ian Cairns 09:29, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

January 2008
Your recent edit to Maggie Simpson (diff) was reverted by an automated bot. The edit was identified as adding vandalism, or link spam to the page or having an inappropriate edit summary. If you want to experiment, please use the preview button while editing or consider using the sandbox. If this revert was in error, please contact the bot operator. If you made an edit that removed a large amount of content, try doing smaller edits instead. Thanks! // VoABot II (talk) 08:11, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

This is the last warning you will receive for your disruptive edits. The next time you vandalize Wikipedia, you will be blocked from editing. --Nlu (talk) 14:47, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

March 2008
This is the last warning you will receive for your disruptive edits. The next time you vandalize Wikipedia, you will be blocked from editing. --Nlu (talk) 17:06, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

Hi, the recent edit you made to Emily Strange has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thanks. Cometstyles 12:38, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

January 2009
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, you will be blocked from editing. DFS454 (talk) 11:03, 29 January 2009 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

March 2009
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Walpurgis Night has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you.  MBisanz  talk 08:21, 17 March 2009 (UTC)

March 2009
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to SQL injection, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted by ClueBot. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please report it here and then remove this warning from your talk page. If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: SQL injection was changed by 194.103.203.170 (u) (t) deleting 19748 characters on 2009-03-19T15:13:01+00:00. Thank you. ClueBot (talk) 15:13, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

August 2009
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Sydney, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted by ClueBot. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please report it here and then remove this warning from your talk page. If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Sydney was changed by 194.103.203.170 (u) (t) making a minor change adding "!!!" on 2009-08-27T08:57:01+00:00. Thank you. ClueBot (talk) 08:57, 27 August 2009 (UTC)

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, you will be blocked from editing. —  Dæ dαlus Contribs  08:58, 27 August 2009 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

September 2010
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Assyriska Föreningen, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted by ClueBot.
 * Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
 * Cluebot produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please report it here, remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
 * The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Assyriska Föreningen was changed by 194.103.203.170 (u) (t) making a minor change adding "!!!" on 2010-09-28T07:32:16+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot (talk) 07:32, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

Please do not make test edits to articles, as you did with this edit to AIK Fotboll, even if you intend to fix them later. Such edits constitute vandalism, and will be reverted. If you would like to experiment further, please use the sandbox. Thank you. TYelliot (talk) 07:37, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

April 2011
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Örebro with this edit, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. Banaticus (talk) 09:14, 14 April 2011 (UTC)

September 2011
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Stephen Hawking in popular culture with this edit, did not appear to be constructive, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. Prunesqualor  billets_doux  08:35, 2 September 2011 (UTC)

November 2011
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Tommy Gunn (pornographic actor). Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Mentoz86 (talk)

March 2012
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Watercraft, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. J36miles (talk) 13:52, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

September 2012
Please refrain from making test edits in Wikipedia pages, such as those you made to Solar cell, even if you intend to fix them later. Your edits do not appear to be constructive and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment again, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Materialscientist (talk) 08:26, 5 September 2012 (UTC)

October 2012
Hello, I'm Mdann52. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions, such as the one you made to Sport in Scotland, because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks, Mdann52 (talk) 09:44, 24 October 2012 (UTC)

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Sport in Scotland with this edit. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Mdann52 (talk) 09:47, 24 October 2012 (UTC)

November 2012
Hello, I'm Widr. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to WebGL because it didn't appear constructive. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Widr (talk) 08:41, 6 November 2012 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Rocketrod1960 10:00, 29 November 2012 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

December 2012
Hello, I'm Widr. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to Konstantin Tsiolkovsky because it didn't appear constructive. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Widr (talk) 13:20, 5 December 2012 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

January 2013
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Australian English. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Not funny! Super48paul (talk) 08:24, 9 January 2013 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Please stop adding inappropriate external links to Wikipedia, as you did to Australian English with this edit. It is considered spamming and Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or promotion. Because Wikipedia uses nofollow tags, additions of links to Wikipedia will not alter search engine rankings. If you continue spamming, you may be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Thank you. Shadowjams (talk) 08:29, 9 January 2013 (UTC)

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at List of American words not widely used in the United Kingdom. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. ''Not funny! Stop this.'' Super48paul (talk) 08:30, 9 January 2013 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

This is your last warning. You may be blocked from editing without further warning the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to Australian English. Mkdw talk 08:33, 9 January 2013 (UTC)

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Australian English. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Stop this!! Super48paul (talk) 08:39, 9 January 2013 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

September 2013
Hello, I'm Technopat. Your recent edit appears to have added incorrect information, so I have removed it for now. If you believe the information was correct, please cite a reliable source or discuss your change on the article's talk page. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you. Technopat (talk) 10:40, 4 September 2013 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Please refrain from making nonconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Hot air balloon with this edit. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. — Mel bourne Star ☆ talk 10:53, 4 September 2013 (UTC)

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to Weighing scale with this edit, you may be blocked from editing. Tgeairn (talk) 07:03, 5 September 2013 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize Wikipedia, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. Technopat (talk) 09:45, 5 September 2013 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Your submission at Articles for creation: Viros Production (January 20)
 Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reason left by KylieTastic was:

Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit when they have been resolved.

 * If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to Draft:Viros Production and click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window.
 * If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the or on the.
 * You can also use Wikipedia's real-time chat help from experienced editors.

KylieTastic (talk) 15:29, 20 January 2017 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Draft:Viros Production

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a notice that Draft:Viros Production, a page that you created, has been tagged for deletion. This has been done under two or more of the criteria for speedy deletion, by which pages can be deleted at any time, without discussion. If the page meets any of these strictly-defined criteria, then it may be soon be deleted by an administrator. The reasons it has been tagged are:
 * It appears to be a test page. (See section G2 of the criteria for speedy deletion.) Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do, and take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia.
 * It is a draft which has not been edited in over six months. (See section G13 of the criteria for speedy deletion.)

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the, or if you have already done so, you can place a request here. SwisterTwister  talk  05:52, 9 September 2017 (UTC)

November 2019
Hello, I'm TheEpTic. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions —specifically this edit to High school (North America)—because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Help desk. Thanks. TheEpTic (talk) 14:02, 15 November 2019 (UTC)

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Germanophile, you may be blocked from editing.  Rob van  vee  10:31, 27 November 2019 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits referred to above, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so that you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

March 2020
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a message letting you know that one or more of your recent edits to Gustavsvik has been undone by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG.

Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) 09:54, 5 March 2020 (UTC)
 * ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made was constructive, please read about it, [ report it here], remove this message from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
 * For help, take a look at the introduction.
 * The following is the log entry regarding this message: Gustavsvik was changed by 194.103.203.170 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.871352 on 2020-03-05T09:54:03+00:00

September 2021
Hello, I'm Roxy the dog. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Hydraulics have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Teahouse. Thanks. Roxy the sceptical dog . wooF 12:36, 10 September 2021 (UTC)

November 2023
Please refrain from attempting to make unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to be disruptive and have been [ disallowed by an edit filter.] If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeatedly attempting to perform disruptive actions may result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. Materialscientist (talk) 10:43, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:194.103.203.170


text: Category:423 BC deaths

title: Category:423 BC deaths


text: Category:420s BC deaths

title: Category:420s BC deaths


text: Category:200 BC deaths

title: Category:200 BC deaths


text: Category:500s BC births

title: Category:500s BC births


text:
Savannah Rug Ratz

The Savannah Rug Ratz were an indoor soccer team based in Savannah, Georgia that played in the EISL during both of the leagues seasons from 1997–1998. They played their home games in the Savannah Civic Center.

During their existence, the Rug Ratz played a total of 52 games under head coach Ian MacDonald, winning 13, one via shootout, and losing 39, two via shootout. They scored a total of 564 goals and allowed a total of 832 goals and notched 40 total points in standings out of a possible 156 points. (The EISL awarded 3 points for a win, 2 for a shootout win, 1 for a shootout loss, and 0 for a loss in regulation.)

The team had planned to return for 1999 before the league folded in December 1998.

1997 season
The Greater Savannah Sports Council worked with the Alaska-based ownership group to bring the Rug Ratz to Savannah. The Rug Ratz finished 6th overall in the seven-team league. They finished the season with a record of 7 wins and 17 losses, including 1 shootout win and 2 shootout losses, for a total of 22 points. The team's average attendance ranked sixth in the seven-team league.

1998 season
The Rug Ratz began the 1998 season with new owners and a new logo. Savannah Sand Gnats principal owner Ken Silver and local investors (as "Low Country Pro Indoor Soccer Club Inc.") purchased the team in February 1998, pledging higher budgets and better community outreach. The team's first home game was postponed after a late cleaning of the turf left it too wet for safe play at game time.

The Rug Ratz finished 7th overall in the seven-team league. They finished the season with a record of 6 wins and 22 losses for a total of 18 points. The Rug Ratz averaged 1,747 fans per game, worst in the EISL where the average league game saw 2,733 fans in attendance. Head coach Ian MacDonald left the team after the season.

Savannah Rug Ratz forward Shawn Beyer was named to the 1998 EISL All-League Second Team. Players receiving All-League Honorable Mentions included defenders Dan McManemy and Sean Scott plus midfielder Colin Buck.

title: Savannah Rug Ratz


text: Category:540s BC births

title: Category:540s BC births


text: Category:510s BC births

title: Category:510s BC births


text: Category:239 BC deaths

title: Category:239 BC deaths


text:
User talk:Andpersson

Thanks for uploading Image:The kate kennedy club crest.jpg. I noticed it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks. Zzyzx11 | Talk 08:38, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The tag looks good. Oh, I should give you the formal welcome greeting:

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Zzyzx11 | Talk 09:04, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Andpersson


text: Category:220s BC births

title: Category:220s BC births


text: Category:230s BC births

title: Category:230s BC births


text: Category:Bohemian nobility

title: Category:Bohemian nobility


text: Category:250s BC births

title: Category:250s BC births


text: Category:260s BC births

title: Category:260s BC births


text: Category:225 BC deaths

title: Category:225 BC deaths


text:
User talk:MooVluvr

Hello, since your user name is MooVluvr, not MooVLuvr with capital L, I have moved User:MooVLuvr to User:MooVluvr. Please change your signature to match. jni 08:44, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:MooVluvr


text: Category:243 BC births

title: Category:243 BC births


text:
NIACE

The NIACE (National Institute of Adult Continuing Education) was an educational charity in England and Wales, with headquarters in Leicester and Cardiff plus a subsidiary office in London. The organization, founded in 1921 as the British Institute of Adult Education, was dedicated to advocating for and promoting adult learning. It was the main advocacy body for adult learning in England and Wales and probably the largest body devoted to adult education in the world.

On 1 January 2016 NIACE merged with the Centre for Economic and Social Inclusion to form a new organisation, the Learning and Work Institute.

Aim
The main aim of NIACE was to promote the study and general advancement of adult continuing education by improving the quality of opportunities available, by increasing the number of adults engaged in formal and informal learning, and by widening access for those communities under-represented in current provision. This was summed up by the words "more, better and different".

Methods
NIACE undertook this work through:
 * advocacy to national and local government, funding bodies, industry and providers of education and training;
 * collaboration with providers in all sectors of post-compulsory education and training; and through fostering progression routes for adults seeking to develop pathways as learners;
 * a commitment to supporting evaluation and monitoring and to high-quality service;
 * securing informed debate – through research, enquiry, publication and through arranging seminars and conferences;
 * effective networking – to ensure that lessons learned in one part of the system could be drawn on elsewhere;
 * ensuring that the best of international practice was available to its members and users;
 * a commitment to being itself a well-managed learning organization.

From 1988, Alan Tuckett OBE was the Director of NIACE.

The predecessor of Alan Tuckett was Arthur Stock. Its President from 2006 was David Sherlock CBE (former Chief Inspector of the Adult Learning Inspectorate), and before that Christine King (Vice Chancellor of Staffordshire University), and before that Richard Smethurst (Provost, Keble College, Oxford).

Merger to form Learning and Work Institute
With effect from 1 January 2016 NIACE merged with the Centre for Economic and Social Inclusion to form a new organisation, the Learning and Work Institute.

title: NIACE


text:
User talk:FleetfootMike

Oops
Um... I think you have the wrong person :D --FleetfootMike (talk) 21:26, 29 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Ye, my bad. I clicked right after it refreshed=(. I've undone the edit, my apologies.Smallman12q (talk) 21:29, 29 April 2009 (UTC)

DYK for Booker T. Washington High School (Memphis, Tennessee)
The DYK project (nominate) 00:03, 24 May 2011 (UTC)

--UTRSBot (talk) 11:56, 4 October 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:FleetfootMike


text: Category:223 BC deaths

title: Category:223 BC deaths