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Stavern

Stavern is a town in Larvik Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The town is located at the mouth of the Larviksfjorden along the Skaggerak coast, about 7 km south of the town of Larvik. Historically, Stavern was a self-governing municipality from 1838 until 1988 when it became part of the large Larvik Municipality.

The 3.75 km2 town has a population (2022) of 5,902 and a population density of 1575 PD/km2.

Stavern is a small town where tourism is one of the most important sources of income. During summer, the population increases to around 30,000-40,000 people, due to camping sites and cottages around the town centre as well as boats visiting the harbour. Stavern experiences about 200 days of sunshine per year. From the mid-1750s until 1864, Stavern was home to the nation's main naval base located in a shipyard in Fredriksvern. A gunpowder tower and commandant's house remain on Citadel Island, a current refuge for artists. The town is also home of the Hall of Remembrance, a monument dedicated to seamen killed during World War I and World War II.

Stavern Church is located in the town.

History
Stavern has probably been a harbour since ancient times. The name is found in written sources from the 11th century and the 12th century where it is referred to as a good fishing harbour. Stavern in the 17th and 18th century was an important port for civil ship traffic from Norway to Denmark and Sweden.

The harbour was a major port and naval base for Staverns Fortress (until 1930 named Fredriksvern). As this was one of Norway's most important naval facilities, it was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). It was one of Norway's smallest municipalities. Even though it was an important port it was not given the status as a town (kjøpstad) until 1 July 1942. The small town and municipality of Stavern was merged with the larger town of Larvik 1 January 1988.

Its former and current name is Stavern, but from 1799 to 1930 the town was named Fredriksværn as its only function was as the site of that naval base, so it shared the same name as the base. In 1930, the municipality was renamed Stavern. From 1942 the town was Norway's smallest until it merged with Larvik in 1988 and lost its town status. In 1996, the municpiality of Larvik voted to restore Stavern to town status.

During the 20th century, Stavern became a popular site for artists and craftsmen. The poet Herman Wildenvey, the writer Jonas Lie as well as the painters Hans Gude and Christian Krohg all lived in Stavern at some point in their lives. Today, the town is well known in southern Norway for its many exhibitions and art galleries. Stavern also is the site of Minnehallen, the national memorial to fallen sailors of World War I and World War II and a statue of the 18th century naval hero Peder Tordenskjold.

Name
The municipality (originally the harbour area) is named after the old Staværn farm (Staferni) since the Fredriksvern naval base and shipyard was built there. The first element is which means "staff" or "stick" (the reason for this is unknown, but see Stavanger). The last element is the suffix -erni which has an unknown meaning, but it is often used in names of islands. In the late-1700s, the prefix Fredriks- was added to the old farm name to create the name Fredriksværn. The prefix was added in honor of the King of Denmark-Norway, Fredrik V. In 1930, the old name Stavern was brought back into use.

Municipal history
On 1 January 1838, the formannskapsdistrikt law went into effect and the port and naval base of Fredriksværn was established as a municipality under the new law. The municipality was less than 1.5 km2, making it one of the smallest in Norway. It was surrounded by Brunlanes municipality. On 23 June 1883, an area of Brunlanes municipality (population: 22) was transferred to Fredriksværn. In 1930, the municipal name was changed to Stavern. In 1938, another area of Brunlanes municipality (population: 28) was transferred to Stavern. In 1943, the government of Norway granted Stavern the status of a kjøpstad (town status). Again, in 1949, an area of Brunlanes municipality (population: 13) was transferred to Stavern. On 1 January 1969, another area of Brunlanes (population: 4) was transferred into Stavern municipality. On 1 January 1988, the municipality of Stavern was dissolved as part of a major municipality merger which consolidated the municipalities of Brunlanes (population: 8,138), Hedrum (population: 10,449), and Tjølling (population: 7,878) with the towns of Larvik (population: 8,045) and Stavern (population: 2,538) to create a new, much larger Larvik Municipality with a population of 37,048 people. While it existed as a self-governing municipality from 1838-1988, this municipality was responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment, social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. During its existence, this municipality was governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor was indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Stavern (incomplete list):

 * 1888-1895: Carl Henry Fyhn (V)
 * 1946-1947: Birger Carlson (Ap)
 * 1948-1955: Einar Schøning (H)
 * 1956-1959: Einar Aksdal (V)
 * 1960-1961: Arent Schøning (H)
 * 1962-1963: Einar Aksdal (V)
 * 1964-1965: Frank Hansen (H)
 * 1965-1965: Einar Aksdal (V)
 * 1966-1967: Arne Christoffersen (Ap)
 * 1968-1975: Einar Aksdal (V)
 * 1976-1983: Arne Høyem (H)
 * 1984-1987: Kåre Tørresdal (Ap)

Municipal council
The municipal council (Bystyre) of Stavern was made up of representatives that were elected to four year terms. The tables below show the historical composition of the council by political party.

Notable people

 * Hjalmar Hjorth Boyesen, a Norwegian-American author who was born at Fredriksvern

title: Stavern


text: Category:Movie theatre chains in the United States

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Mikkeli Airport

Mikkeli Airport is located in Mikkeli, Finland, 2.5 NM west of the city centre. There are no regular scheduled flights to the airport. In the summer, there are a large number of gliding, powered flight and parachute jumping activities at the airport.

There is one runway (11/29) in the airport and its measures are 1702 x. Runway 11 is also equipped with an instrument landing system.

title: Mikkeli Airport


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Talk:Witbier

The Belgian witbier is different from the (german) wheat beers

Merger proposal
Djlayton4 proposes merging with Wheat beer. I oppose, on the grounds that Belgian witbier, German weizens, Berliner weisse, and other types of wheat ales are distinct members of a group, and that at the very least witbier and hefeweizen are important enough to have pages of their own. There is nonetheless an argument for reducing wheat beer to something just a little more than a disambiguation page (much info has already been duplicated in the hefeweizen and white beer/witbier pages. BrendanH 11:37, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

I oppose also. Belgian wit is a distinct style with its own history, brewing techniques, ingredients, and flavor. Its certainly worth mentioning under the Wheat beer article, but more than deserves its own.--Allegrorondo 12:45, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

I also oppose. White beer or wit is its own style that is enough different from wheat beer to require its own entry. I do suggest adding a link to White beer in the wheat beer entry though,

I also oppose. White beers differ from standard wheats in that 4-vinyl guaiacol is found in a lot of white beers but not so much the standard hefs or other wheats in that class. Beer drinkers should be able to see the traits of each style on thier own page without trying to dissiminate a single page of facts.

I oppose. A belgian witbier is a completely different beer than a german hefeweizen. Both are wheat beers, yes. They have different characters though. I would agree to adding seperate links to witbiers, hefeweizens, etc. from the main wheat beer page. bigcat03 19:40, 6 July 2006 (CST)

Change name to Witbier
I propose changing the name of this article to "Witbier". Even in English speaking areas, the style is more commonly referred to as "wit" rather than "white" is it not? Alienmercy 15:14, 19 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I've moved the page, per the request at WP:RM, and lack of opposition here in the last week. -GTBacchus(talk) 18:24, 27 December 2006 (UTC)

Notability of Blue Moon
Let's avoid the edit war and just talk about the notability of Blue Moon. I personally feel that it should be listed. It's probably the most well-known example in the US, and since there are a lot of US readers of Wikipedia, I think it is appropriate to include at least one example that might relate their frames of reference. Alienmercy 18:16, 1 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Woops my fault for not checking the edit history. User:Mikebe had just removed Blue Moon and I did not know that when I added it because there was one sitting in front of me. Sorry about that. -Susanlesch 18:20, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

Let me also clarify that Blue Moon wasn't the only US example, I just think it is the most notable of them merely because of its wide distribution (it is distributed by Molsen Coors). Alienmercy 18:25, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree that it is better to discuss than edit war. There are already two US witbieren in the list (Allagash and Ommegang). Although I do not normally like to use Ratebeer or Beeradvocate as references (because they are so heavily American and because some of the ratings are bizarre), however, in this case, I would point out that Blue Moon does not come even close to notability in the view of the users of either site. Also, I disagree with the idea that frequency=notability. Mikebe 18:44, 1 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't think the rating by enthusiasts even should be the only source of notability. Bud Light is the most popular beer in the US by a landslide, but it gets terrible ratings (which I agree with). I personally think one of the reason for the "examples" list is so that readers (who may not be enthusiasts) might see something they recognize and understand the style from that perspective. I live in the Midwest, and have never even heard of Allagash nor Ommegang (although I'm sure they're fine examples). I have Michael Jackson's Ultimate Beer sitting in front of me, and the only two US examples he lists are Blue Moon (which he notes because of its availability from the World's largest brewery) and Celis White (which he notes because it is brewed by Pierre Celis who moved to Austin, Texas after selling the Hoegaarden brewery in Belgium). I would say these two examples are more notable than the Allagash and Omeegang beers because of the reasons Jackson gives. Alienmercy 20:30, 1 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Not to mention the taste. Only kidding! Happy New Year. -Susanlesch 19:54, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks, Susan and the same to you and Alienmercy. Well, about Celis White: the brewery was sold to, I believe, Miller, which promptly closed it. I believe a small brewery somewhere in America later bought the name and is making it again, but only locally. Obviously, I am not an authority on American beers, but, as it happens, I have met Pierre Celis and this is what he told me. IAC, I think you have made a very good example with Bud Light. The question then becomes do we want to give an example because it is well known or because it gives a good representation of whatever it is an example of? Personally, I would choose the second one. I think we do not give readers a benefit if we list something only because it is well known, not because it represents something well. If I knew very little about beer and came to Wikipedia after tasting something special and wanted to learn more about it, if I then tried a Bud Light or a Blue Moon because I saw it listed here, I would be very upset. Personally, I don't know the other US beers either, but, I am confident that they represent better the Belgian style than a Blue Moon. Mikebe 22:35, 1 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Again sorry Mikebe. I am happy that the edit war didn't happen. I know nothing about Witbier unfortunately and imagine there are better examples from Belgium. Lienenkugels sometime in the Midwest USA. Cheers. -Susanlesch 19:30, 3 January 2007 (UTC)
 * If Celis White isn't around anymore, perhaps we should remove it as well. I personally don't see a problem including examples from both categories of notability (that is, 1) well known and 2) good representation). Perhaps we should wait and get a few more opinions before making a final decision. Alienmercy 01:13, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

We could say something like: "Blue Moon is a widely available example, although not considered an authentic representation of the style." The problem is that the 'authentic' clause will likely remain unsourced for the forseeable future. — goethean ॐ 04:53, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, prepare for a shock: I actually agree with Goethean! Actually, though, another way of saying what he wrote is: Blue Moon, though widely available, is a bad example of the style. This sums up my reason for not using it. And, if we followed the same logic for the pilsener article, it would be filled with similar examples: Bud, Miller, Stella Artois, etc. Mikebe 12:35, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I think unauthentic is a word more in line with WP:NPOV than "bad", but I'm ok with it. However, neither of those statements should be made without sufficient sourcing. What do you think about scrapping the "examples" section altogether and including them more in the body of the article? In Jackson's book which I mentioned earlier, he says something about Celis reviving the style in the 1960s and then other breweries started popping up, etc. I think we could add some info on this part of the history, and then modern examples (especially the authentic) can find their way in. Alienmercy 14:39, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, I would suggest keeping the examples as they are but listing them by country, of course without Blue Moon. I agree absolutely that it would be a good idea to include the history from the Jackson book. Since I have spoken with Celis, I can perhaps add information to it. I also have other, perhaps more recent, sources for the history. How about that? Mikebe 18:29, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * More info about Celis would be great. I know there is some info at the Hoegaarden Brewery page, and I'm looking for more so that we can include it (with good citation) within a context of more breweries. What Jackson writes is very brief and not very specific, but I'm hoping it will lead me to more sources. If all else fails, I'll try to summarize what he writes. Any suggestions on other sources would be great. I think I'm going to try to dedicate some time to writing more for this article, but I work slowly, so no guarantees on when it will be ready. Thanks. Alienmercy 19:19, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Having looked at the Hoegaarden article you referenced, I really can't recommend using it. Notice, for example, that they give two different years for when the fire occured! However, since this article is about witbier and not Hoegaarden/Celis, I'll do a little research on the Dutch Wikipedia and see if they have anything helpful. I'll let you know. Mikebe 14:50, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

Wikibox
The wikibox around the glass should be removed. Wikiboxes are usually used for verifiable facts and all these details are very debatable. Like I've mentioned in other places, If someone makes a wort with an OG of 1.051 is it no longer a Witbier? Also, the Wikibox is where a visitor to the article will probably first look, and the average wikipedia user does not care about these stats, nor do they know what they mean. If anything, there should be a separate article section talking about the BJCP's involvement with the style, with the stats listed there, properly sourced. Beakerboy 11:50, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Witbier


text:
Talk:Günter Wallraff

Translation details

 * Article: de:Günter Wallraff
 * Corresponding English-language article: Günter Wallraff
 * Worth doing because: English article is a near-stub, German has more material
 * Originally requested by: Ellsworth 19:15, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Status: expanded existing Eng. article - Valiantis 18:58, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Other notes:

As per the request at Translation into English, I've translated the German language article on Wallraff. The English language article contains material that wasn't in the German version so I've preserved this as well. Valiantis 18:45, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * PS. I didn't add the extensive bibliography. Valiantis 19:00, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Perhaps this should be done once more. The English article is now far less extensive (and well-written; in some sections it seems almost entirely critical of Herr Wallraff) than its German and even Swedish counterparts. Forgive my laziness and possible misposting. Pueben (talk) 13:19, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Günter Wallraff


text: Category:Movie theatre chains in Canada

title: Category:Movie theatre chains in Canada


text:
Boudry

Boudry is a municipality in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.

History
Boudry is first mentioned in 1278 as Baudri.

There are numerous prehistoric settlements around Boudry. These include the neolithic stilt houses on the banks of Lake Neuchâtel, the caves of Abri Baume du Four (occupied from the Neolithic to the La Tène period), tumuli of the Hallstatt period in the Vallon de Vers and two Celtic villages at Les Buchilles. There a number of Roman era artifacts and a Burgundian cemetery at Bel-Air by the Areuse river.

During the Middle Ages it was the capital of the seigneurie of Boudry. Until the 14th Century, the hamlets of Pontareuse and Vermondins were part of the seigneurie. Pontareuse was near the bridge, with which the Roman road of Vy d'Etraz crossed the Areuse, while Vermondins was on a plateau near the modern city of Boudry. In 1282, Pierre de Vaumarcus sold the jurisdiction rights to Girard d'Estavayer. In 1313, his son Rollin sold these rights to count Rudolph IV of Neuchâtel. Two years before, Rudolph IV had seized the Bailiwick of Areuse from Pierre d'Estavayer. Boudry Castle was probably built before 1278 by the Counts of Neuchâtel. So the purchase in 1313 united both of these lands together with the castle lands under the Counts of Neuchâtel.

The castle was often given as a feudal landholding to daughters or wives of the House of Neuchâtel. On 12 September 1343, Count Louis granted the town a charter modeled after the laws of the city of Neuchatel, albeit with some limitations. In 1369 they acquired the right to collect the Ungeld or excise tax in the towns of Boudry and Cortaillod. In 1373, Marguerite de Vufflens, the widow of Louis of Neuchâtel, was given the office of Castellan in Boudry. However, the stormy relationship between the citizens and the family caused Isabella of Neuchâtel to give the office to her mother-in-law in 1379. The castellan office in Boudry was temporarily held by Girard of Neuchatel, the Lord of Vaumarcus, between 1394 and 1413. Then it went to the Counts of Neuchatel. The castellan had jurisdiction over both Boudry, the nearby priory of Bevaix and part of Bôle. The court had 14 judges and was chaired by the governor or his castellan. Before 1832, the civil courts of Rochefort, Bevaix and Cortaillod were all under Boudry. The civil courts were dissolved in 1832 and the three towns were all brought directly under the court of Boudry.

During the Middle Ages, the parish church of Boudry was located in Pontareuse, north of the town. At that time the parish comprised a part of Cortaillod, Boudry, Bôle, Rochefort and Brot and stretched, in the north, to the border with the County of Burgundy. The right of présentation (the ability to present a candidate for an office, who could only be rejected if his appointment would break a law) was held by the cathedral chapter of Lausanne. During the Protestant Reformation in 1534, the parish priest, Claude Gauthier, kept Boudry Roman Catholic while the surrounding parishes converted to the Reformed faith. The church at Pontareuse then became a shared church and thus served both denominations for several years. The remains of this church were still visible in 1815, but have since vanished. At the beginning of the 17th Century the inhabitants of Rochefort and Bôle both had a deacon who specially supervised their churches. In 1645–47, a Reformed church was built in the center of town. The Reformed parish included only the inhabitants of the town. In 1832 the parish was absorbed by Areuse.

The municipal community of Boudry gained a number of rights in the 16th century. In 1510 they were allowed to build a town hall and in 1513 they built a mill. In 1523, the community received permission to lease their communal lands, followed in 1526, by the right to build houses outside the walls. Starting in 1540, they were allowed to appoint two mayors who administered the municipal lands. They were allowed to build a clock tower in 1548. Through various purchases the community acquired considerable rights in Champ-du-Moulin. The maintenance of the walls, the gates of the bridge and the town hall was paid from a fund which was managed by Boudry and Cortaillod together. The funds came from a special tax (Eminem de la porte), which was only paid by the inhabitants of Cortaillod. This tax led to a number of conflicts between the two communities until its abolition in 1813. In the course of the 18th century, the membership in the municipal community became closed. Only members of the citizen or the permanent resident (the so-called bourgeois non-communities) classes were allowed to join the municipal community, were not granted.

Boudry became the district capital in 1848. In the 18th Century Boudry became industrialized with the founding of three factories; Vauvilliers (from before 1742 until 1874), Les Iles (1727–1844) and Grand Champ (1761–1841). The factory buildings were later used by various industries, for example, the Vauvilliers factory building became a straw hat factory. A watch factory in Boudry was replaced in 1944 by a battery factory. In 1958, a large machine tool factory opened in the town. Other businesses in Boudry included the publishing house La Baconnière, which peaked during the Second World War. In Perreux, a Federal hospital for the chronically ill opened in 1894, which was later converted into a psychiatric hospital. Agriculture and viticulture flourish around the town. There are several wineries with their own wine cellars, a wine tasting cellar (1980) and a wine museum (1986).

Geography
Boudry has an area,, of 16.8 km2. Of this area, 3.86 km2 or 23.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 10.63 km2 or 63.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 2.01 km2 or 12.0% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.15 km2 or 0.9% is either rivers or lakes and 0.09 km2 or 0.5% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 1.4% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 5.5% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.6%. Out of the forested land, 62.2% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 13.8% is used for growing crops and 4.2% is pastures, while 5.0% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality was the capital of the Boudry district until the district level was eliminated on 1 January 2018. It consists of the small market town of Boudry on the heights above the Areuse and the settlements of Areuse, Trois-Rods and Perreux along with the settlement of Champ-du-Moulin in the Areuse canyon.

The proposed merger of the municipalities of Bevaix, Boudry and Cortaillod was rejected by the residents.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per fess or on a pale gules three chevrons argent and azure a fish naiant argent.

Demographics
Boudry has a population of. , 22.3% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010 ) the population has changed at a rate of -3.3%. It has changed at a rate of -8.7% due to migration and at a rate of 3.3% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population speaks French (4,593 or 86.5%) as their first language, German is the second most common (224 or 4.2%) and Italian is the third (159 or 3.0%).

, the population was 48.5% male and 51.5% female. The population was made up of 1,794 Swiss men (36.0% of the population) and 625 (12.5%) non-Swiss men. There were 2,072 Swiss women (41.5%) and 496 (9.9%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 1,149 or about 21.6% were born in Boudry and lived there in 2000. There were 1,656 or 31.2% who were born in the same canton, while 1,054 or 19.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 1,169 or 22.0% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 24% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 63.1% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 12.9%.

, there were 2,224 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 2,481 married individuals, 262 widows or widowers and 344 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 2,156 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.3 persons per household. There were 711 households that consist of only one person and 111 households with five or more people. , a total of 2,101 apartments (90.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 161 apartments (6.9%) were seasonally occupied and 58 apartments (2.5%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 1.2 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.46%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Heritage sites of national significance
The prehistoric settlement of La Baume Du Four is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire city of Boudry, and the Areuse, Grandchamp and Trois Rods areas are part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 26.12% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (24.45%), the LPS Party (14.14%) and the FDP (11.99%). In the federal election, a total of 1,450 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 46.6%.

Economy
, Boudry had an unemployment rate of 5.8%. , there were 57 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 17 businesses involved in this sector. 1,230 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 70 businesses in this sector. 1,572 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 136 businesses in this sector. There were 2,714 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 44.0% of the workforce.

the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 2,426. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 41, of which 36 were in agriculture and 5 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 1,159 of which 869 or (75.0%) were in manufacturing and 273 (23.6%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 1,226. In the tertiary sector; 224 or 18.3% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 77 or 6.3% were in the movement and storage of goods, 34 or 2.8% were in a hotel or restaurant, 3 or 0.2% were in the information industry, 15 or 1.2% were the insurance or financial industry, 133 or 10.8% were technical professionals or scientists, 26 or 2.1% were in education and 460 or 37.5% were in health care.

, there were 1,626 workers who commuted into the municipality and 1,913 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.2 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 1.2% of the workforce coming into Boudry are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 18.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 63.7% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 1,664 or 31.3% were Roman Catholic, while 2,102 or 39.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 21 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.40% of the population), there were 12 individuals (or about 0.23% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 314 individuals (or about 5.91% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 7 individuals (or about 0.13% of the population) who were Jewish, and 77 (or about 1.45% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 3 individuals who were Buddhist and 6 individuals who belonged to another church. 1,026 (or about 19.32% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 232 individuals (or about 4.37% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Boudry about 1,963 or (37.0%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 665 or (12.5%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 665 who completed tertiary schooling, 52.9% were Swiss men, 26.2% were Swiss women, 11.7% were non-Swiss men and 9.2% were non-Swiss women.

In the canton of Neuchâtel most municipalities provide two years of non-mandatory kindergarten, followed by five years of mandatory primary education. The next four years of mandatory secondary education is provided at thirteen larger secondary schools, which many students travel out of their home municipality to attend. During the 2010–11 school year, there were 5 kindergarten classes with a total of 100 students in Boudry. In the same year, there were 15 primary classes with a total of 282 students.

, there were 66 students in Boudry who came from another municipality, while 416 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Notable people

 * Jean-Paul Marat (1743 in Boudry – 1793) a French political theorist, physician, scientist, journalist and politician during the French Revolution.
 * Philippe Suchard (1797 in Boudry – 1884) a Swiss chocolatier and industrialist, creator of Milka
 * Pierre Bovet (1878 in Grandchamp - 1965 in Boudry) a Swiss psychologist and pedagogue

title: Boudry


text:
User:Jowagner

I work at Dublin City University.
 * my research homepage

title: User:Jowagner


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Free iPods

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy deleted. - Mailer Diablo 03:16, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Free iPods
delete. Advert by someone trying to get other people to support his/her own attempts to get free stuff. Nice try. FreplySpang (talk) 18:47, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Speedy. Wikipedia is not a place to promote scams/linkspam. — Asbestos | Talk  19:15, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy should count as linkspam. --InShaneee 19:16, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy. I have now seen this linkspam on every single site I frequent. Xezbeth  19:17, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - I would love to see it speedied with extreme prejudice but I don't see how it meets WP:CSD. FreplySpang (talk) 19:20, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Pure vandalism for spam, perhaps? --InShaneee 19:39, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes clearly spam and counts as Vandalism. Kappa 20:08, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:Davidjlynn

Biblical arguments for equal but distinct gender roles
The following are just a few thoughts and scriptural references that reveal equal yet distinct functions/roles between men and women at home and in the church:

Introduction:

The scripture endorses different functions/roles between men and women in the home. (1 Peter 3:1-6; Eph 5:22, 25; Titus 2:4; Colossians 3:18-19). In general, men are exhorted to lead with love and consideration, while women are told to submit with loving reverence. There is never a single instance where these roles are reversed within the context of the home. Both Paul and Peter based these principles on God's creation order, and old testament theology as opposed to particular cultural traditions. (1 Peter 3:1-6; 1 Corinthians 11:1-16; 1 Timothy 2:12; 1 Corinthians 14:33-38 ). Their teachings were expected to be timebound and practiced in all Christian Churches. ( 1 Timothy 2:12; 3:15-16 ;1 Corinthians 14:33-38 ; 1 Corinthians 11:1-16). Early church documents also reveal that the orignal hearers interpreted these teachings quite literally. (http://www.tertullian.org/anf/anf04/anf04-09.htm)Apostolic churches like the Orthodox and Catholic's also maintain teachings of gender distinction as well as most churches throughout church history.(http://www.religioustolerance.org/femclrg1.htm

The apostle Paul taught that the same principles apply in a formal church setting:

1. Paul addresses women in formal church settings to keep silent based on Torah law regarding female subjugation to men (1 Cor 14:34-35). He also claims that the instructions are the commands of the Lord.

2. Women are told to learn in silence with attitude of subjection in formal church settings based on creation order (1 Timothy 2:12-15)

3. Women are restricted from teaching and "usurping" authority over men in formal church settings for same above reason with ties to family order.(1 Timothy 2:12-15)

4.  Women are not addressed/considered when discussing roles of church authority like that of bishops, elders, deacons. However, they are given the mandate to be on a similar morality as their husbands in these roles. (Titus 1:5-, 1 Timothy 3:1-12,14-15)

5. Although many women were present and active in the ministry of the gospel, and Jesus and the Apostles publically trancended/opposed/resisted various Jewish laws and customs relating to inequality, Jesus and the apostles neither chose nor considered to choose women as apostles or deacons. (Luke 6:13; Acts 1:14-26;Acts 6:3)

6. These exhortations were given to various church contexts and to traveling evangelists(Timothy, Titus) which were told to remain true to these specific teachings (removing the argument that they were cultural prescriptions), letters often circulated to all the churches, coincided (within the texts themselves) with teachings regarding family order, coincided with Torah, there is a consistency of doctrine in all letters of the NT, coincides with early church documents and traditions, and noted by Paul to be the commands of the Lord and traditions amongst "all the churches of God" ( Areas: Corinth, Ephesus, Crete,etc..; 1 Corinthians 11:1-16; 1 Corinthians 14:33-38; 1 Timothy 3:14-15)

Other notes: Within scripture, we can also find examples where women are allowed to speak in formal church settings although with the condition that they are veiled. (1 Cor 11:1-16) This reveals that the ruling principle is not limitation, but that ministry should be done with an attitude of reverence and submission to those in authority, and Gods design and order. Paul reveals through the guidelines and principles of gender distinction that God is concerned with the preservation of family, creation, and church order. That is why men's leadership roles are formally endorsed throughout the pages of scripture as opposed to women's.   However, in scripture, one can find that outside contexts of formality, women operate in many gifts of the Spirit like evangelizing, prophesying, serving, praying, teaching, laboring in ministry, preaching.(John 4:28-30; 1 Cor 11:1-16; Matt 27:55; Acts 1:14; Acts 18:26; Phil 4:3; Luke 2:36-38)

 Equality

The scripture is clear that in Christ, "There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus. (Gal 3:28)" As well, Acts 2:17-18 says, "In the last days, God says, I will pour out my Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your young men will see visions, your old men will dream dreams. 18 Even on my servants, both men and women, I will pour out my Spirit in those days, and they will prophesy.

God expects all church members (male and female) to use the gifts God has given them (within the guidelines in scripture and in reverence to God's order and design)

Luke 12:48- …Everyone to whom much is given, of him will much be required…

These are truths which reveal the equality of men and women. However, equality need not mean similarity. Neither should it produce envy and jealousy; but appreciation, dependancy, and love. (1 Cor 12). God chooses whom he desires not based on any form of superiority, but his will. (Deuteronomy 7:6-8). So how should church ministry look? It should always be done in an attitude of reverence and submission to those in authority, and to Gods design and order.

Gender distinction NEVER endorses abuse of authority, and oppression since in all these texts those in leadership are given mandates to rule with godliness and love. Jesus taught that love is the marker a real faith in Christ. Love must be subject to Christ's example.

Written By David J Lynn

Scriptural references

Family

1 Peter 3:1-6 Wives, in the same way be submissive to your husbands so that, if any of them do not believe the word, they may be won over without words by the behavior of their wives, 2when they see the purity and reverence of your lives. 3Your beauty should not come from outward adornment, such as braided hair and the wearing of gold jewelry and fine clothes. 4Instead, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God's sight. 5For this is the way the holy women of the past who put their hope in God used to make themselves beautiful. They were submissive to their own husbands, 6like Sarah, who obeyed Abraham and called him her master. You are her daughters if you do what is right and do not give way to fear. Husbands, in the same way be considerate as you live with your wives, and treat them with respect as the weaker partner and as heirs with you of the gracious gift of life, so that nothing will hinder your prayers.

Ephesians 5:22 - Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as unto the Lord…as the church is subject unto Christ, so let the wives be to their own husbands in every thing. Ephesians 5:25 - Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the church, and gave himself for it…Even so husbands should love their wives as their own bodies…let each one of you love his wife as himself, and let the wife see that she respects her husband.

Titus 2:4 - …Women… be sober… love their husbands... love their children…be discreet, chaste, keepers at home, good, obedient to their own husbands, that the word of God be not blasphemed.

Colossians 3:18-19 18 Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as it is fit in the Lord. 19 Husbands, love your wives, and be not bitter against them. '''

Church

1 Corinthians 14:34 Let your women keep silent in the churches, for they are not permitted to speak; but they are to be submissive, as the law also says. 35 And if they want to learn something, let them ask their own husbands at home; for it is shameful for women to speak in church.

1 Timothy 2:12; 3:15-16 11 Let the woman learn in silence with all subjection. 12 But I suffer not a woman to teach, nor to usurp authority over the man, but to be in silence. 13 For Adam was first formed, then Eve. 14 And Adam was not deceived, but the woman being deceived was in the transgression. 15 Notwithstanding she shall be saved in childbearing, if they continue in faith and charity and holiness with sobriety… I am writing these instructions to you so that, 15 if I am delayed, you will know how people ought to conduct themselves in God’s household, which is the church of the living God, the pillar and foundation of the truth.

1 Corinthians 14:33-38 33 For God is not the author of confusion, but of peace, as in all churches of the saints. 34 Let your women keep silence in the churches: for it is not permitted unto them to speak; but they are commanded to be under obedience as also says the law. 35 And if they will learn any thing, let them ask their husbands at home: for it is a shame for women to speak in the church. 36 What? came the word of God out from you? or came it unto you only? 37 If any man think himself to be a prophet, or spiritual, let him acknowledge that the things that I write unto you are the commandments of the Lord. 38 But if any man be ignorant, let him be…

Titus 1:5-9… you should set in order the things that are wanting, and ordain elders in every city, as I had appointed thee: 6 If any be blameless, the husband of one wife, having faithful children not accused of riot or unruly…must be blameless, as the steward of God; not self-willed, not soon angry, not given to wine, no striker, not given to filthy lucre; 8…a lover of hospitality, a lover of good men, sober, just, holy, temperate; 9 Holding fast the faithful word as he hath been taught, that he may be able by sound doctrine both to exhort and to convince the gainsayers.

1 Timothy 3:1-12,14-15 …if a man desire the office of a bishop, he desires a good work. 2 A bishop then must be blameless, the husband of one wife, vigilant, sober, of good behavior, given to hospitality, apt to teach; 3 Not given to wine, no striker, not greedy of filthy lucre; but patient, not a brawler, not covetous; 4 One that rules well his own house, having his children in subjection with all gravity; 5 (For if a man know not how to rule his own house, how shall he take care of the church of God?) 6 Not a novice… he must have a good report of them which are without… 8Likewise must the deacons be grave, not double-tongued, not given to much wine, not greedy of filthy lucre; 9 Holding the mystery of the faith in a pure conscience. 10 And let these also first be proved; then let them use the office of a deacon, being found blameless. 11 Even so must their wives be grave, not slanderers, sober, faithful in all things. 12 Let the deacons be the husbands of one wife, ruling their children and their own houses well….I am writing these instructions to you so that, 15 if I am delayed, you will know how people ought to conduct themselves in God’s household, which is the church of the living God, the pillar and foundation of the truth.

"Declaration Inter Insigniores on the question of the Admission of Women to the Ministerial Priesthood." Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, October 15, 1976.

Apostolic Letter Ordinatio Sacerdotalis (On Ordination to the Priesthood)." Pope John Paul II, May 22, 1994.

"Apostolic Letter Mulieris Dignnitatem (On the Dignity of Women)." Pope John Paul II, August 15, 1988.

Catechism of the Catholic Church.

Christian views of women edits
Hi David, I am glad that you are filling out the section in the article regarding the Biblical evidence for making a distinction between men and women's roles. However, I still don't think it makes sense to have both sections, which are saying the opposite thing, have "equal roles" in the title. That's why I think it makes sense to have the second section be called "Biblical arguments for distinct roles".

There is a further reason that I don't think the second section should say "equal roles"; to say so is arguably not NPOV. Although many people would disagree, other people might think that the two roles described in that section really are not equal. For that reason a neutral term like "distinct", or "different", makes the most sense, rather than "equal" or "unequal". Zach 01:49, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Hi again, I haven't heard back from you, but I noticed you changed the heading wording on this page. I'll take that as you being OK with this... let me know if you're not. I'm going to go ahead and changed the wording on the article page then. Zach 23:20, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Hey, I got your message. I have no problem with that. I changed it, but I checked it another day and noticed someone put it back. I believe that is a very minor change and should not be a source of contention. Anyway, you have a good day. Hope you enjoyed my contribution. David 11:56, 19 Apr 2005.
 * Yes, I did; thanks for that. It was a huge gap in the page. Zach 00:36, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Davidjlynn


text: Template:Orders of magnitude (time)

title: Template:Orders of magnitude (time)


text:
Saint Peter, Guernsey

St Peter's (Guernesiais: Saint Pierre), known officially as Saint Pierre du Bois (English: "St. Peter in the Wood"), is a parish in Guernsey. It is the centre for the Guernsey Western Parishes which includes Torteval, St Saviour's and the Forest.

The old Guernesiais nickname for people from Saint Pierre was etcherbaots which means beetles.

The postal code for street addresses in this parish begins with GY7.

St Peter's won the Britain in Bloom small coastal prize in 2015. and a gold medal in the 2016 Champion of Champions competition.

Geography
The parish is located in the West of the Island and has borders with the parishes of Torteval, St. Saviour's, Forest and St. Andrew's.

The parish is mainly countryside with a small village in the centre. The parish church is one of the most unusual in the islands as it is built at the bottom of a small valley and the interior of the church is not flat but diagonal in appearance.

Features
The features of the parish include:
 * St Peter's church
 * St Peter's village
 * Lihou
 * Military:
 * Parish war memorial outside parish church
 * Fort Grey Château du Rocquaine
 * Fort Saumarez
 * L'Eree Battery
 * Mont Herault watchhouse
 * Batterie Mirus
 * German fortifications, built during the occupation 1940-45
 * A number of protected buildings
 * Le Creux es Faies neolithic passage grave can be found on the L'Eree headland. In local folk lore it is said to be one of the entrances to fairy land.
 * Beaches
 * Rocquaine Bay
 * Le Crocq du Sud
 * L'Erée (MCS recommended)
 * Lihou
 * Nature reserves
 * Silbe nature reserve
 * Colin Best nature reserve
 * La Claire Mare nature reserve
 * Lihou Island nature reserve
 * Abreuvoirs (places for cattle to drink)

The parish of the Vale hosts:
 * St Peter's Douzaine
 * Styx community centre
 * Countryside walks

Politics
Residents of Saint Peter vote in the Island wide voting for deputies, the last election was the 2020 Guernsey general election.

Notable people

 * Sampson Avard, the leader of a band of Mormon vigilantes called the Danites, which existed in Missouri during the period of the 1838 Mormon War.
 * Harry Lewis, also known as W2S and is a member of the Sidemen.

title: Saint Peter, Guernsey


text:
Alexander of Paris

Alexander of Paris, also known as Alexander of Bernay, was a Norman poet of the 12th century, who wrote Li romans d'Alexandre (Romance of Alexander), one of the first poems written in French on the mythical exploits of Alexander the Great. It was composed in twelve-syllable lines, named alexandrines after this work (or possible after him). His work is notable for its portrayal of Alexander the Great as not merely a divine figure, and it inspired a series of subsequent texts that served to vernacularize Alexander the Great within the context of Medieval Europe. He was born in Bernay, Eure.

title: Alexander of Paris


text:
Template talk:Orders of magnitude (time)

Table
I took the format of this table from Template:Diatonic intervals, but added id=toc. This table is incomplete, but will provide a quick way to any Orders of magnitude (time) comparison page from another. Hyacinth 18:51, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

"X E-Y s"
The meaning of titles such as 1 E-1 s, 1 E-44 s, etc. is not readily obvious. One could of course rename them to WYSIWYG titles such as 10⁻¹ s, 10⁻⁴⁴ s to avoid the need for awkwardly piped links. Spelling out "seconds" might also be helpful, but that's a matter of preference and context which can be addressed by redirects. — CharlotteWebb 19:20, 31 May 2009 (UTC)


text:
The Perceptionists

The Perceptionists is an American hip hop group from Boston, Massachusetts. The group initially had three members: Mr. Lif, Akrobatik, and DJ Fakts One. The group was signed to the Definitive Jux label. In 2005, the trio released a studio album, Black Dialogue. Shortly after the release of Black Dialogue, DJ Fakts One left the group. In 2017, they released their second studio album Resolution, with Mr. Lif and Akrobatik as the only two members of the group performing on the album.

Current

 * Mr. Lif (Jeffrey Haynes) – rapper
 * Akrobatik (Jared Bridgeman) – rapper

Former

 * DJ Fakts One (Jason Goler) – producer, DJ

Studio albums

 * Black Dialogue (2005)
 * Resolution (2017)

Live albums

 * Live and Direct (2005)

Remix albums

 * Low Resolution (2018)

Mixtapes

 * The Razor (2004)

Singles

 * "Medical Aid" (2004)
 * "Memorial Day" (2004)
 * "Blo" (2005)
 * "Black Dialogue" (2005)
 * "The Razor" (2005)

title: The Perceptionists


text:
Pop Gates

William Penn "Pop" Gates (August 30, 1917 – December 1, 1999) was an American professional basketball player. Considered one of the top players of his day, he was the first African American player signed to the National Basketball League, the precursor to today's National Basketball Association.

Early life
He was born in Decatur, Alabama and attended high school in New York City. During high school studies he earned All-Conference honors in both 1937 and 1938 and made the All-City first team in 1938, as well as won three All-City titles with YMCA teams. Some later newspaper publications claimed that Gates graduated from Clark College (now Clark Atlanta University), but in fact his professional basketball career started right after graduating from Franklin High School.

Basketball career
Gates started his professional basketball career with the New York Renaissance, beginning in 1938–39. "Seven months before Jackie Robinson made his debut for the Brooklyn Dodgers, Leo Ferris helped usher in a new era of racial integration for professional basketball when he signed Pop Gates, who made his debut for the Tri-Cities Blackhawks in October 1946.

Gates, along with William "Dolly" King, were the first two African-American players in the National Basketball League (NBL) in 1946. "When Leo Ferris came to me, it was like a godsend", Gates was quoted as saying in the book "Pioneers of the Hardwood: Indiana and the Birth of Professional Basketball." "It was a real highlight of my career to be accepted by the NBL as one of only two blacks in the league."

Later Gates played for and coached the Harlem Globetrotters. He is one of the few athletes who went directly from a high school championship team (Benjamin Franklin, New York, 1938) to a world professional champion (New York Rens, 1939).

Awards and honors
Gates was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a player in 1989.

title: Pop Gates


text:
Talk:Jeremy Taylor (singer)

Untitled
The article has this sentence:

He has the dubious claim that he has been banned from performing by both pre and post apartheid South African governments.

I'm guessing the writer meant something else, like "he has the dubious honor of having been banned...". Or perhaps "he continues to make the dubious claim that [...] although the South African government denies this."

--William Pietri 18:51, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Banned post-1994?
Taylor's records were certainly prohibited for play by the SABC in the apartheid era, but his web site doesn't make any reference to his being banned from performing by the South African government since 1994 - it seems a touch unlikely given the right to free speech enshrined in the SA constitution. Humansdorpie 18:50, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Title of APD
My 7" copy gives the title as "Ag Pleez Deddy (Ballad of the Southern Suburbs)" whereas the article as stands seems to imply the title and subtitle should be the other way round. --Bonalaw 08:42, 1 March 2006 (UTC)
 * You're probably right, in that case - I was going by the Dictionary of SA English. Humansdorpie 13:49, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

Deficient, shallow, incorrect
No mention is made of his teaching English at Eton.

I myself saw him in concert at Wits in 1980 or 1981. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.226.192.123 (talk) 06:59, 4 July 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jeremy Taylor (singer)


text:
Key West Tropical Forest & Botanical Garden

The Key West Tropical Forest & Botanical Garden is a frost-free arboretum and botanical garden containing a collection of trees, shrubs, and palms, including several "champion tree" specimens. It is located on Stock Island in the municipality of Key West, Florida, United States. It is open daily. There is a nominal fee for admission, with free admission for locals on the first Sunday of every month.

Notable plants
The Garden includes seven trees that are designated either champions or challengers within the National Champion Tree system adjudicated by American Forests and the Florida Division of Forestry. Champions are determined by height, circumference of the trunk, crown spread, and physical condition. The best tree in a species is designated Champion; the second best is Challenger.

 * Locust-berry (Byrsonima lucida) - National Champion
 * Wild Dilly (Manilkara bahamensis) - National Champion
 * Barringtonia (Barringtonia asiatica) - Florida Champion
 * Cuban Lignum Vitae (Guaiacum officinale) - Florida Champion
 * Arjan Almond (Terminalia arjuna) - Florida Challenger
 * Black Olive (Bucida buceras) - Florida Challenger
 * Pongam (Pongamia pinnata) - Florida Challenger
 * Royal Poinciana (Delonix regia) - Honorable Mention

Other native and imported trees and shrubs in the Garden include:
 * Poisonwood (Metopium toxiferum),
 * Sea Grape (Coccoloba uvifera),
 * Black Ironwood (Krugiodendron ferreum),
 * Spanish Stopper (Eugenia foetida),
 * Pigeon Plum (Coccoloba diversifolia),
 * Tamarind (Tamarindus indica),
 * Milk Bark (Drypetes diversifolia),
 * Cinnamon Bark (Canella winterana), Gumbo Limbo (Bursera simaruba),
 * Woman's Tongue (Albizia lebbeck),
 * Lignum Vitae (Guaiacum sanctum), Blolly (Guapira discolor),
 * Purge Nut Thicket (Ximenia americana),
 * Canary Island Date Palm (Phoenix canariensis),
 * Senegal Date Palm (Phoenix reclinata),
 * Florida Thatch Palm (Thrinax radiata),
 * Shortleaf Fig (Ficus citrifolia), Marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides),
 * Silver Palm (Coccothrinax argentata),
 * Red Stopper (Eugenia rhombea),
 * Key Thatch Palm (Leucothrinax morrisii),
 * Jamaica Dogwood (Piscidia piscipula), False Tamarind (Lysiloma latisiliquum), Bay Cedar (Suriana maritima),
 * Wild Coffee (Colubrina arborescens),
 * Cinnecord (Acacia choriophylla), Pond Apple (Annona glabra), Limber Caper (Capparis flexuosa),
 * Satin Leaf (Chrysophyllum oliviforme),
 * Paradise Tree (Simarouba glauca),
 * Coral Bean (Erythrina herbacea), Sabal Palm (Sabal palmetto),
 * Buccaneer Palm (Pseudophoenix sargentii),
 * Lime Prickly-ash (Zanthoxylum fagara), Joewood (Jacquinia keyensis), Lancewood (Nectandra coriacea),
 * Green Buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus),
 * Washington Palm (Washingtonia robusta), and
 * Varnish Leaf (Dodonaea viscosa).


text:
User:Davidjlynn

David's user page.

title: User:Davidjlynn


text:
Lancaster Stormers

The Lancaster Stormers (formerly known as the Lancaster Barnstormers) is an American professional baseball team based in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. It is a member of the North Division of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, a "partner league" of Major League Baseball. The team has played its home games at Clipper Magazine Stadium in the city's Northwest Corridor since 2005 when the stadium was completed.

Historical teams in Lancaster
Baseball first came to Lancaster County in the 1860s by soldiers returning home from the Civil War. They learned the rules while serving in the military and wanted to continue playing. The very first professional baseball teams in Lancaster were the Lancaster Lancasters and the Lancaster Ironsides. The Lancasters played in the Keystone Association while the Ironsides played in the Eastern League, both starting in 1884. The following season, the Lancasters joined the Eastern League, and the two teams became rivals. They competed against each other for fan support, league affiliation, and money at the gate. At its peak, insults and refusals to play against each other were the norm. The teams finally agreed to play each other at the end of the 1884 season, in which the Ironsides defeated the Lancasters after seven very close games. Only the Lancasters continued to play the next season.

In the 1894 to 1895 seasons, a team called the Lancaster Chicks played in the Keystone Association. An all-African-American team called the Lancaster Giants followed in 1887, and many Lancastrians supported the team despite the social pressure of the day. The Giants hosted many exhibition games against the Philadelphia Giants of the Keystone Club.

Between 1896 and 1899, the first team called the Lancaster Maroons played in the original Atlantic League. In 1905, the second inception of the Maroons played in the Tri-State League.

In 1906, the Maroons became the Lancaster Red Roses. As both teams were named for the opposing factions in England's historic Wars of the Roses, the name change infuriated the rival White Roses from the nearby city of York.

The Barnstormers
In 2003, the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball formally announced an expansion team for the city of Lancaster. In November 2004, the Barnstormers announced the signing of Tom Herr, a Major League Baseball veteran and Lancaster native, as the team's first manager. The Barnstormers' were set to begin competition in 2005 at the newly built Clipper Magazine Stadium.

On May 11, they lost their first game, 4–3, to the Atlantic City Surf, in front of 7,300 fans. They finished the 2005 season with a record of 64 wins and 76 losses. In finishing the first half of the 2006 season with a record of 38–25, the Barnstormers qualified for their first Atlantic League playoff berth. They also won the second half, posting a record of 37–26. After defeating division challenger, Atlantic City, in the first round of the playoffs, the Barnstormers swept the Bridgeport Bluefish to win their first Atlantic League championship, in only their second season. Pitcher Denny Harriger threw a complete game, breaking a franchise record for consecutive pitches. It was the city of Lancaster's first professional championship since 1955 when the former Red Roses won the Piedmont League title. The Barnstormers played in the 2012 Atlantic League Championship Series but were ultimately defeated by the Long Island Ducks in Game 5. In 2012, the Lancaster Barnstormers set an Atlantic League record with 88 wins.

Herr managed the team from 2005 to 2006 and from 2009 to 2010. In 2008, the Barnstormers was coached by Von Hayes, a former teammate of Herr from the 1989 and 1990 Philadelphia Phillies. Rick Wise, the winning pitcher for the Boston Red Sox in Game 6 of the 1975 World Series, is also a managerial alumnus of the Lancaster Barnstormers. He was the team's third base coach from the inaugural 2005 season to the end of the 2008 campaign. Herr, in his second term, was succeeded by Butch Hobson.

The Lancaster Stormers was originally owned by Opening Day Partners (ODP), a company that specializes in baseball club and stadium operations. ODP also created Atlantic League clubs in York, Pennsylvania, Southern Maryland, and Sugar Land, Texas. On November 12, 2014, ODP transitioned its ownership of the Stormers to Lancaster Baseball, LLC. Lancaster Baseball consists of Ian Ruzow, Rob Liss, Steve Zuckerman, and Bob Zuckerman. Ian Ruzow was born in South Africa and moved to the USA in 1980. The other three partners are all natives of New York, and all four have lived in Lancaster for 40 years. Steve Zuckerman, Ian Ruzow, and Bob Zuckerman were the founders of Clipper Magazine, with Rob Liss joining them a few years later. Clipper Magazine has owned the naming rights to the stadium since 2005.

Branding
The team's original name (the Barnstormers), selected in a fan ballot, refers to the tradition of "barnstorming," which means to travel around an area appearing in exhibition sports events, especially baseball games. The term was used to describe Lancaster's baseball teams as early as 1906 when the Lancaster Daily Intelligencer reported, "There was a crowd of between seven and eight hundred persons out on Friday to see the Lancaster barnstormers play the Philadelphia Giants." Their original primary logo incorporated the colors red, navy blue, and khaki previously used by the Lancaster Red Roses of affiliated Minor League Baseball from 1940 to 1961. The name and logo also alluded to Lancaster's Pennsylvania Dutch agricultural heritage. The team's name was changed to the Stormers in a rebranding effort between the 2023 and 2024 seasons.

After winning their second straight Atlantic League title in 2023, Barnstormers social media began to tease "A New Storm," set to be announced on February 15, 2024. On that day, the team unveiled a new logo set and a new name. Now known as the Lancaster Stormers, the new logo set includes a bull's head, with a lightning bolt down the middle of its face in red and khaki colors as the main logo. Alternate logos include the bull charging through a barn, a circular logo with the team name on the outside with a barn in a storm inside the circle, while keeping the white L with a baseball as a homage to the prior name and logo set.

Logos and uniforms
The primary colors of the Stormers is red, black, gold, and white. These are similar to the colors previously used by the Red Roses to reflect Lancaster's baseball heritage. The primary logo features the "Stormers" wordmark in red with a white outline set against a black background. The letters are in a custom font inspired by fraktur, a Pennsylvania Dutch blackletter calligraphy. A bull's head completes the logo below the wordmark in red, black, and gold. There is also a lightning bolt across the bull's forehead. The secondary logo features a bull charging through a barn while the tertiary logo is a black roundel with a red outline and "Lancaster Stormers" in gold letters. Inside the roundel, there is a baseball field with a red barn as a backstop featuring two white Xs implied on the door trim symbolizing the Stormers' twentieth season. A rooster-themed weathervane tops the barn with lightning striking it.

The Stormers home cap is red, charged with a stylized cursive L in white with a black and gold outline interweaving with a curving baseball. The home jerseys are white with red headspoon piping and the cursive "Stormers" wordmark across the front in red, black, and gold. The away jersey is gray with red headspoon piping, featuring the cursive "Lancaster" wordmark in white and outlined in gold and black. The Stormers wear red belts, socks, and undershirts with all uniforms.

Season-by-season records

 * 4 Atlantic League Championships (2006, 2014, 2022, 2023)

Radio and television
Every Stormers game was broadcast on WLAN (1390 AM) and WPDC (1600 AM) by Dave Collins, their announcer. Select home games were televised on Blue Ridge Cable-11. On April 20, 2023, the Atlantic League announced that all games, including the Barnstormers, would be streamed exclusively on FloSports.

Mascot
The Lancaster Stormers' mascot is an anthropomorphic, red cow named Cylo. He wears the team's home jersey with striped socks and retro-style sneakers. Cylo debuted on March 4, 2005, at the Mascot Roller Mill in the Lancaster County village of Mascot. His name in full is Cyloicious L. Barnstormer, alluding to Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young and to silos, representing the county's agricultural heritage. The mascot was designed by the Raymond Entertainment Group, which also produces the Phillie Phanatic's costume.

Retired numbers

 * 42 (Jackie Robinson): 2B, Retired throughout professional baseball on April 15, 1997

Major League Baseball alumni
• Cam Booser

• Phil Coke

• Scott Patterson

• Fernando Perez

• Jason Perry

• Matt Watson

• Daryle Ward

• Jerome Williams

• Marcus Walden

• Lance Zawadzki

title: Lancaster Stormers


text:
User:Agasides

This account was used in order to cast peculiar votes in Vfd, so it was banned for ever.

I am from. I may am from. ..also...Although this snicker bastard denies it!

title: User:Agasides


text:
Chavornay, Switzerland

Chavornay is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. In 2017 the former municipalities of Essert-Pittet and Corcelles-sur-Chavornay merged into the municipality of Chavornay.

History
Chavornay is first mentioned in 927 as Cavorniacum. In 1228 it was mentioned as Chavornai.

Geography
After the 2017 merger Chavornay had an area of. Before the merger Chavornay had an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of 11.07 km2. Of this area, about 65.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 15.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 14.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and 3.9% is unproductive land. In the 2013/18 survey a total of 105 ha or about 9.5% of the total area was covered with buildings, an increase of 49 ha over the 1980 amount. Over the same time period, the amount of recreational space in the municipality increased by 2 ha and is now about 0.63% of the total area. Of the agricultural land, 10 ha is used for orchards and vineyards, 706 ha is fields and grasslands and 0 ha consists of alpine grazing areas. Since 1980 the amount of agricultural land has decreased by 54 ha. Over the same time period the amount of forested land has increased by 1 ha. Rivers and lakes cover 36 ha in the municipality.

The municipality was part of the Orbe District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Chavornay became part of the new district of Jura-Nord Vaudois.

The municipality is located on the eastern edge of the Orbe valley, on the right side of the Talent river.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per pale Argent and Gules, overall a Crown Or ornamented Vert and Azure.

Demographics
Chavornay has a population of. , 21.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 28.5%. It has changed at a rate of 21% due to migration and at a rate of 8.2% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population speaks French (2,468 or 88.6%), with German being second most common (104 or 3.7%) and Portuguese being third (62 or 2.2%). There are 40 people who speak Italian.

The age distribution,, in Chavornay is; 473 children or 13.6% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 468 teenagers or 13.4% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 504 people or 14.4% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 525 people or 15.1% are between 30 and 39, 597 people or 17.1% are between 40 and 49, and 406 people or 11.6% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 283 people or 8.1% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 139 people or 4.0% are between 70 and 79, there are 77 people or 2.2% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 16 people or 0.5% who are 90 and older.

, there were 1,194 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 1,294 married individuals, 138 widows or widowers and 159 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 1,159 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.4 persons per household. There were 388 households that consist of only one person and 91 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 1,181 households that answered this question, 32.9% were households made up of just one person and there were 7 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 300 married couples without children, 383 married couples with children There were 66 single parents with a child or children. There were 15 households that were made up of unrelated people and 22 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.

there were 307 single family homes (or 57.2% of the total) out of a total of 537 inhabited buildings. There were 103 multi-family buildings (19.2%), along with 92 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (17.1%) and 35 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (6.5%).

, a total of 1,143 apartments (89.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 92 apartments (7.2%) were seasonally occupied and 49 apartments (3.8%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 5.4 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 1.11%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Heritage sites of national significance
The Swiss Reformed Church of Saint-Maurice is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

Politics
In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the SVP with 28.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (25.9%), the SP (20.1%) and the GPS (9.3%). In the federal election, a total of 876 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 37.3%. The 2015 election saw a large change in the voting when compared to 2011. The percentage of the vote received by the FDP increased from 17.2% in 2011 to 25.9% in 2015.

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 23.66% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (21.07%), the FDP (17.78%) and the LPS Party (10.86%). In the federal election, a total of 720 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 36.4%.

Economy
Chavornay is a bedroom community with many new residents. The municipality is part of the agglomeration of Lausanne.

, there were a total of 1,498 people employed in the municipality. Of these, 86 people worked in 19 businesses in the primary economic sector. A majority (51.2%) of the primary sector employees worked in very small businesses (less than ten employees). The remainder worked in 2 small businesses with a total of 42 employees. The secondary sector employed 866 workers in 37 separate businesses. In 2014, 180 employees worked in 36 small companies (less than 50 employees). There was also one large business which employed 686 people. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 546 jobs in 151 businesses. In 2014 a total of 9.8% of the population received social assistance.

the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 851. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 79, of which 74 were in agriculture and 5 were in fishing or fisheries. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 292 of which 228 or (78.1%) were in manufacturing and 52 (17.8%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 480. In the tertiary sector; 146 or 30.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 191 or 39.8% were in the movement and storage of goods, 25 or 5.2% were in a hotel or restaurant, 3 or 0.6% were in the information industry, 5 or 1.0% were the insurance or financial industry, 24 or 5.0% were technical professionals or scientists, 10 or 2.1% were in education and 11 or 2.3% were in health care.

, there were 528 workers who commuted into the municipality and 1,038 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.0 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 9.1% of the workforce coming into Chavornay are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 13.8% used public transportation to get to work, and 68.3% used a private car.

Chavornay station is served by the Swiss Federal Railways and the Orbe-Chavornay railway (the first electrified railway line in Switzerland).

Religion
From the, 682 or 24.5% were Roman Catholic, while 1,394 or 50.1% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 42 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.51% of the population), and there were 140 individuals (or about 5.03% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Jewish, and 101 (or about 3.63% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 7 individuals who were Buddhist, 4 individuals who were Hindu and 6 individuals who belonged to another church. 357 (or about 12.82% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 118 individuals (or about 4.24% of the population) did not answer the question.

Weather
Chavornay has an average of 116.5 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives 847 mm of precipitation. The wettest month is June during which time Chavornay receives an average of 92 mm of rain or snow. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 10.7 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 11.8, but with only 77 mm of rain or snow. The driest month of the year is April with an average of 58 mm of precipitation over 9.3 days.

Education
In Chavornay about 1,043 or (37.5%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 281 or (10.1%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 281 who completed tertiary schooling, 53.7% were Swiss men, 23.8% were Swiss women, 14.6% were non-Swiss men and 7.8% were non-Swiss women.

In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 515 students in the Chavornay school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts. During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 578 children of which 359 children (62.1%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 282 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 229 students in those schools. There were also 4 students who were home schooled or attended another non-traditional school.

, there were 62 students in Chavornay who came from another municipality, while 228 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Transportation
The municipality has two railway stations, Chavornay and Essert-Pittet, on the Jura Foot and Orbe–Chavornay lines. It has regular service to Grandson, Yverdon-les-Bains, Aigle, Orbe, and Lausanne.

Crime
In 2014 the crime rate, of the over 200 crimes listed in the Swiss Criminal Code (running from murder, robbery and assault to accepting bribes and election fraud), in Chavornay was 77.6 per thousand residents, slightly higher than the national average (64.6 per thousand). During the same period, the rate of drug crimes was 9.8 per thousand residents, almost exactly the same as the national rate (9.9). The rate of violations of immigration, visa and work permit laws was 7.8 per thousand residents, which is 59.2% greater than the national rate.

title: Chavornay, Switzerland


text:
Template talk:Intervals

Format
I borrowed this format from another template, something like Template:Middle Ages wide 2 (though I vaguely remember a Native American music related template, possibly gone or vertical now), but removed the border as this template is designed to go within a table on each interval page. Hyacinth 18:54, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I think the older (my) horizontal format was easier to read than the jumbled vertical format. Hyacinth 11:31, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

Semitone
I replaced "semitone" with "semitone of equal temperament"; in general the diatonic and chromatic semitones differ. Gene Ward Smith 08:29, 11 June 2006 (UTC)

Diatonic and chromatic
The table uses the term "diatonic" in a highly idiosyncratic way, but without explanation. This term, along with "chromatic", is the cause of serious uncertainties at several other Wikipedia articles, and in the broader literature. Some of us thought that both terms needed special coverage, so we started up a new article: Diatonic and chromatic. Why not have a look, and join the discussion? Be ready to have comfortable assumptions challenged! –  Noetica ♬♩ Talk 01:40, 4 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I left a mssg on Hyacinth's talk page about our proposed change.--Roivas (talk) 00:40, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

I do not believe that this templates use of diatonic is idiosyncratic in any way. A P4 is the distance between what? According to interval (music): "four diatonic scale degrees". If this is not so, what kind of intervals are on the template? Or, what system of labeling is used to name the intervals on the template? In other words, what is the proposed change? Hyacinth (talk) 04:27, 11 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't think anyone would argue that the P4 isn't diatonic. The issue is with augmented and diminished intervals being labeled diatonic.--Roivas (talk) 15:51, 11 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Those intervals are only augmented or diminished in relation to diatonic intervals and scales. Without that context they are simply the size they are. Hyacinth (talk) 04:46, 13 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I would suggest we title the table "Intervals".--Roivas (talk) 15:51, 11 December 2007 (UTC)
 * That works for me! Unfortunately, I now really want to know, what is the name for these? Hyacinth (talk) 04:39, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

If you look at the Goetschius definition on my talk page, you'll see that he defines the augmented and diminished intervals as chromatic. I'm sure this is strange for a lot of folks, but he even considers the minor third a chromatic interval.--Roivas (talk) 15:53, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

Hyacinth said:
 * Those intervals are only augmented or diminished in relation to diatonic intervals and scales. Without that context they are simply the size they are. Hyacinth (talk) 04:46, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

I hate to put it this way, but common sense doesn't seem to apply to music theory. We'll probably be better off avoiding the use of the term "Diatonic" as much as possible.--Roivas (talk) 16:25, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

The minor 6th and the minor 7th?
Where are these intervals? I find that they are the only ones missing from the table. What is the reason that they are left out? /Andreas —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.227.168.63 (talk) 19:59, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

Non-12-tone intervals
Should this template be limited to intervals found in Western 12-tone-per-octave meantone tunings? Or should we find room for neutral intervals, subminor and supermajor intervals, commas, etc.? — Gwalla | Talk 21:29, 31 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I was bold and added the (7-limit) subminor and supermajor, and the (11-limit/quarter-tone) neutral qualities. I didn't add commas, because while they are technically intervals, they are typically used only in tuning and not as harmonies or melodic steps in their own right. — Gwalla | Talk 20:38, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

In principle, I'm in favour of including intervals outside the traditional Western twelve semitone system (keyboard, guitar, etc.). That said, the starting point of the majority audience of the English language Wikipedia will be that system. So I suggest that the template contain some sort of dividing line which recognises and acknowledges this. It saves the Western beginner from being confused with non-Western possibilities, and allows the advanced person to explore beyond the confines of Western music. So I'm making an adjustment along those lines. Please feel free to refine it further. Feline Hymnic (talk) 22:45, 13 March 2009 (UTC)

Supermajor/Subminor vs. Septimal major/minor
I changed the "Septimal major"/"Septimal minor" tags to "supermajor" and "subminor", which is another commonly used term that more accurately reflects what they are in a diatonic sense. The "septimal minor/major" tags refer specifically to the common just intonation way of tuning these intervals as 7/6 and 9/7, respectively. This is less relevant when it comes to the diatonic function of these intervals -- you don't see a major third referred to here as a "quintal third," for example. The "subminor"/"supermajor" convention more easily explains where these intervals lie compared to the other intervals mentioned. Furthermore, there are more JI subminor and supermajor thirds than just 7/6 and 9/7, and if we're using these words to describe the size of the 250-cent and 450 cent intervals, why tie it down to a specific intonation?

Furthermore, the use of the "septimal" name is inconsistent with the step sizes given: an actual septimal 7/6 subminor third would not be 2 1/2 steps, as listed, but closer to 2 2/3; a septimal 9/7 supermajor third would be almost exactly 4 1/3 steps. The logic behind the listing of these intervals in terms of equal-tempered "step" sizes is presumably to explain what they are in a way that is familiar to the average reader, who will be more easily able to grasp step sizes in terms of quarter-tones rather than integer ratios such as 7/6. Thus, to simply refer to the 250 cent interval for what it is -- a "subminor" third -- rather than tie it down to a specific intonation, such as 7/6, makes more sense all around than the way it was before.

On the other hand, if we want the "subminor third" link down there to refer specifically to the subminor 7/6 third, then perhaps we should change the step size to 2 2/3, which 7/6 is nearly equivalent to, rather than 2 1/2 -- this would allow us to distinguish between the subminor third and the supermajor second (which is 2 1/3); both are currently rounded off to 2 1/2, which might be confusing. Battaglia01 (talk) 03:26, 27 June 2009 (UTC)

 * This edit was reverted, as the page for "supermajor second" was blank. As a compromise, I've put the "supermajor" and "subminor" names back, and created those pages. For now, they just redirect to the corresponding "septimal interval" moniker, although if anyone else wants to set up a page on supermajor and subminor intervals in general, and outside of any specific septimal intonation, be my guest. Battaglia01 (talk) 19:14, 19 July 2009 (UTC)

Expanded
I expanded this to include the various commas, the wolf, quarter tone etc. There are probably others that should be here too. I also corrected some of the links and created a few articles that actually did not exist eg Augmented seventh which originally redirected to the unrelated chord on a minor seventh... I hope I haven't gone too over the top! --Jubilee♫ clipman 01:22, 23 December 2009 (UTC)
 * It's getting a bit large. Alas, my template-fu is not strong enough to make the "other intervals" subgroup start collapsed. — Gwalla | Talk 22:15, 23 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I don't think we need to add any more. Some of the "other invervals" could be removed if they are only discussed by acousticians, but things like the wolf interval, microtone, cent etc probably ought to stay.  I'll have another think soon.  --Jubilee♫ clipman  02:41, 24 December 2009 (UTC)

Thirteenth
Is a thirteenth 18 or 19 semitones? or should it be 20 or 21? 213.131.190.194 (talk) 23:41, 17 December 2010 (UTC)

Cleaned up microtonal intervals
I thought it more prudent to use the 72-tet based naming rather than 24-tet. For instance, the only subminor seventh that most people care about is 7/4, and to represent 7/4 with the crappy 24-tet based 950 cent approximation is a little silly and will probably place people astray. There's no need to place such importance on 24-tet, especially when 7/4 is the first microtonal interval most people ever learn.

The names for these intervals were originally names like "septimal minor third" and "septimal major third," but with cents values like 250 cents and 450 cents. I suggested changing them because it's more proper to refer to them as "subminor thirds" and "supermajor thirds." If one were going to use the septimal moniker it would be more common to hear it referred to as a "septimal supermajor third" than a "septimal major third."

So I at the time advocated changing the changing of the intervals from "septimal minor" to "subminor," which is more common, proper, and for the purposes of this template, easier for the average reader to grasp. However, to leave the cents values at 2 1/2 steps and 4 1/2 steps seemed to me to be a little bit silly, so I changed them to their almost-perfect 72-tet approximations: 2 2/3 steps and 4 1/3 step. This is the whole reason that people use 72-tet at all, because it makes the conceptualizing and mapping of intervals, as well as relating them to 12-tet, incredibly intuitive and simple. The fact that subminor intervals work out to x 2/3 steps, and supermajor intervals work out to x 1/3 steps is no coincidence - it's because 72-tet also tempers out the Pythagorean comma and maps 64/63 to 2/3's of a step. So this leads to a really intuitive pattern.

The neutral intervals in 72-tet are generally mapped to x 1/2 step intervals. The one exception is the neutral sixth - although there are lots of neutral sixths, the most consonant in that vicinity is generally 13/8. 13/8, in 72-tet, falls right between 8 1/3 and 8 1/2 steps. Both mappings represent it about equally as well. Since it doesn't a difference tuning wise, and either mapping would be fine for the purposes of this template, I thought it best to represent it with 8 1/2, since for the purposes of coherence to the reader it continues the "neutral intervals = 1/2 step alteration" pattern.

I also was bold and put the frequency ratios next to each interval. Although there are other supermajor thirds in the area, like 13/10, they aren't as notable as 9/7, so it makes more sense to emphasize, for each general interval class, the most notable one in the vicinity. If this comes off as too cluttered, we can get rid of them, but I don't think we should ever go back to the 24-tet based convention - no point. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Battaglia01 (talk • contribs) 05:45, 24 January 2011 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Intervals


text:
User talk:Lithiumlad

Hi! Thanks for adding the image Meersbrook park pan.jpg to the Gleadless Valley article. I have increased its size within the article to make it a bit more prominent. However, could you please add a copyright tag to the image page. The powers that be at wikipedia think it very important that all images are correctly tagged—so much so that, at some point in the future, all untagged images may be deleted. The preferred tag for images on wikipedia is, however, if you would prefer that your image was not licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License, you can choose a more appropriate tag. Thanks, JeremyA 18:55, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Mr. Starr
Hi,

I'm sure the gentleman you added to Recent Deaths today is notable, and I have no wish to remove him. However, it is a sad fact that Recent Deaths is often vandalized by people with fake "gay so-and-so" entries. To prevent someone else from questioning Mr. Starr and his fame, a link to a source is probably a good idea. Best wishes, Xoloz 00:39, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lithiumlad


text: File:STYestEnterprise.jpg

title: File:STYestEnterprise.jpg


text:
Salvation Mountain

Salvation Mountain is a hillside visionary environment created by local resident Leonard Knight (1931–2014) in the California Desert area of Imperial County, north of Calipatria, northeast of Niland, near the Slab City squatter/art commune, and several miles from the Salton Sea.

The artwork is made of adobe bricks, discarded tires and windows, automobile parts and thousands of gallons of paint. It encompasses numerous murals and areas painted with Christian sayings and Bible verses, though its philosophy was built around the Sinner's Prayer.

The Folk Art Society of America declared it "a folk art site worthy of preservation and protection" in the year 2000. In an address to the United States Congress on May 15, 2002, California Senator Barbara Boxer described it as "a unique and visionary sculpture... a national treasure... profoundly strange and beautifully accessible, and worthy of the international acclaim it receives".

In December 2011, the 80-year-old Knight was placed in a long-term care facility in El Cajon for dementia. Leonard Knight died on February 10, 2014, in El Cajon. He was able to visit Salvation Mountain for the last time in May 2013; the visit was recorded by KPBS (TV).

Concern was raised in 2012 for the future of the site, which requires constant upkeep due to the harsh desert environment. Many visitors were donating paint to the project, and a group of volunteers worked to protect and maintain the site. In February 2011, a public charity, Salvation Mountain, Inc. was established to support the project. In 2013, the Annenberg Foundation donated $32,000 to Salvation Mountain Inc. for materials and equipment to "improve security and strengthen operations". A 2014 article stated that Salvation Mountain Inc. was operated by the nine volunteer members of its board.

Formations
Knight was born on November 1, 1931, outside Burlington, Vermont, and had served in the Korean War. In the 1970s, Knight painted "GOD IS LOVE" on a hot air balloon that he built out of patchwork materials and a stove. When it failed to fly, Knight prayed and felt that God's response was that he should build a mountain. By 1984, Knight had discovered Slab City – a transient and retiree commune – and decided to leave a 'small monument' out of concrete and paint. Over five years, the project grew.

The current Salvation Mountain is actually the second construction to occupy the site; Knight began the first Salvation Mountain in 1984. A rainstorm caused a crack in 1989 which caused it to collapse. Knight was not discouraged; he rather saw it as God's way of letting him know the Mountain was not safe. He began work on the current Salvation Mountain "with more smarts" – such as better materials and engineering, including adobe mixed with straw. After completion, the "mountain" was several stories high and was about a hundred yards wide.

In 1998, Knight wanted to expand the mountain. He gathered ideas from the Navajo who settled in the area around Salvation Mountain. Their pueblitos inspired Knight and he then began forming the Hogan. It is a dome-like structure made of adobe and straw that insulates from heat. Knight intended to live in it, though he always preferred to live in a shack on the back of his truck, and did so for 27 years. For a long period, he had help with the project from a friend, Bill Ammon ("Builder Bill"), of Slab City.

Knight was known for giving free tours to every visitor at Salvation Mountain. An article about Leonard Knight stated that he was a "visionary American folk artist" whose message was "unconditional love to humankind". Knight "arrived accidentally ... [but] immediately recognized an opportunity to continue his large-scale gospel message. He made a mountain with his bare hands. Leonard built Salvation Mountain".

Later years
Knight also began another formation, what he liked to call "the museum". It is modeled after the semi-inflated hot air balloon Knight tried to create before Salvation Mountain; the balloon is now on view at the American Visionary Art Museum. The museum is a semi-dome structure in the mountain that contains several small items given to him by friends and visitors. Each item has a significance and, more often than not, visitors seek out Salvation Mountain to pray and leave an item at the mountain as symbolism of giving themselves to God. The museum is held up by adobe and straw, but also by car parts and a tangle of trees that twist within the dome and reach through the top.

Over the last ten years of his life, Knight planned to repaint the mountain twice a year to ensure that the paint layer would be very thick. He was unable to continue this because of an injury sustained in 2011. Afterwards, a public charity, Salvation Mountain, Inc., was established to continue this maintenance, and, still operates.

Leonard Knight was featured in Sean Penn's Into the Wild, released in 2007. Knight died in 2014. An obituary of Knight stated that he "spent almost 30 years building the colorful mountain in the Imperial Valley desert, just outside of Niland, Calif. Built out of adobe and donated paint, Knight worked on the mountain all day, every day. He even slept at the mountain's base in the back of a pick-up truck, with no electricity or running water. He bathed in the nearby natural hot springs."

A National Geographic article published after Knight's death provided this insight into the creator of Salvation Mountain. "'A visionary ... Leonard worked beyond our concept of time, slowly and methodically without ever wandering from his path. His sole purpose in this endeavor was to spread the message that 'God is Love'. He shared this with everyone who came to the mountain ...'"The work still stands as a 50 ft-tall piece of religious folk art, and for Slab City, "an unofficial centrepiece for the community and [cementing] the area's anarchic creative identity", according to a 2020 report.

Paint toxicity concerns
In July 1994, Imperial County hired a toxic waste specialist to test the soils around Salvation Mountain, with results showing high levels of lead toxicity. Knight and his supporters gathered signatures for a second test to be done by an independent party of his choosing. That test came back negative, supporting Knight's claim that he used non-toxic paints and that there were no toxins in the soil. However, Knight's claim of using latex paint is still concerning. The Pollution Prevention Regional Information Center cites latex paint as, "Highly toxic to the environment. It harms fish and wildlife, and contaminates the food chain if poured down a storm drain. It can also pollute groundwater if dumped on the ground."

Media appearances

 * Huell Howser did two interviews ten years apart for his series California's Gold. In the second interview, he described the changes made since the first interview.
 * British rock band Coldplay filmed the music video for their song "Birds" (from their 2015 album A Head Full of Dreams) on the hill.
 * The music video for the American singer, songwriter, and rapper Kesha's song "Praying" was partially filmed on Salvation Mountain.
 * Leonard Knight: A Man & His Mountain – 2015 documentary film directed by Andrew Blake Doyle.
 * A parody of Salvation Mountain called Beam Me Up appears in the 2013 action-adventure video game Grand Theft Auto V.
 * The mountain is referenced in the Rocko's Modern Life episode "Wacky Deli", where the frustrated creator of a popular but artistically bankrupt cartoon wishes to escape their contract and dreams of a massive art project, depicted as a giant still life carved out of a desert mountain.

title: Salvation Mountain