text:
User talk:Wimvandorst/archive01

Zinc chloride synthesis
Wim,

Thanks for your contributions to the hydrochloric acid page, your expertise is greatly appreciated!

I noticed that you changed the zinc chloride page, saying that anhydrous zinc chloride can be made using hydrochloric acid. Is this practicable, bearing in mind the strongly hygroscopic nature of zinc chloride, and its strong tendency to hydrolyse? The original submission used anhydrous hydrogen chloride, a method which I lifted from one of the books I cited- and one would expect this to work well. I realise that hydrated zinc chloride can be made in this way, as both of us have probably done in the lab many times, but I would have thought that anhydrous ZnCl2 was another story. Thanks, Walkerma 05:09, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Wim, Thank you for your improvement to the page, it is much clearer now. It was a bit confusing before. All the best, Walkerma 20:42, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Hello Walkerma, part of my working on the hydrochloric acid page is checking the links to it, and to its sister-page of hydrogen chloride. Many people don't know/care about the difference, but as it is an important difference, I'm reading all linked pages, and correcting where appropriate. The zinc chloride page was indeed a bit unclear, which lead to my mistake. It is now much clearer, although I hope that it is still true: is indeed zinc sulfide its ore, or is that zinc oxide? Wim van Dorst 21:31, 2005 Feb 27 (UTC)

Wim, Yes, ZnS (sphalerite) is indeed the major ore of zinc, at least according to Wikipedia! (Follow the link through zinc sulfide and you'll find the sphalerite page). I actually took that reaction from a book. Thanks Walkerma 21:50, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Alkali Act
Thanks, you saved me all the effort of researching this. Now, do you know if it was the first air pollution legislation? -- ~ender 2005-03-12 07:30:MST

 * Hi Ender, all I did was browse the Internet a bit (there wasn't any serious background information in Wikipedia) to gather enough information to produce a reasonable stub wikipage about the Alkali Act. Glad to be of service, but I still think that the page needs quite some work before it will reach Featured Article status.

 * I know it was 'easy'. But it still saved me from having to do it.  Thus, am saying thanks.

 * As a chemical scientist and not a historian, I don't know the answer to your question. But it would seem likely to me that there must have been kings, radjas or other country chieftains, who disliked some foul-smelling industry enough to establish some law against malodorous practice, much earlier (centuries?) than the Alkali Act's birth year.Wim van Dorst 15:52, 2005 Mar 13 (UTC)

 * But, I'm not sure there were any other large-scale industries previous to this. I know that at least one capital outlawed tanneries and the like, because of the smell - but they were just displacing the industry to another town near them.  ie: NIMBYs of the pre-industrial sort.
 * I've not heard of any other state outlawing, or regulating a whole industry previous to this.

P.S. How about getting a personalized account? That makes it less anonymous, and therefore friendlier to communicate. Wim van Dorst 16:18, 2005 Mar 13 (UTC)

 * I hate accounts :)
 * My IP addy right now is fairly stable.
 * ~ender 2005-05-02 18:32:MST

Hydrochloric acid on peer review
Hi, Wim, I noticed you seconded my plea for more PR time for Hydrochloric acid. I don't think you'll have any need to worry about it, as I've lately been the main PR housecleaner myself. In case somebody's really absentminded and archives the article anyway, I'll just fish it out of the archive and put it back (or please do it yourself if you should notice it first). Best, Bishonen | Talk 00:12, 19 Mar 2005 (UTC)

I responded to your question on April 4 on my User talk:H Padleckas page. H Padleckas 21:18, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * See my response to your response to above on my User talk:H Padleckas page. H Padleckas 22:33, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Templates etc.
Wim,

I'm please to see you joining the Wikiprojects, and I like the new template you've been working on. Can you give us a couple of examples of how the new one works? Many of my pages use the short form inorganic template- should I add your template to these pages?

By the way, I did a lot of upgrading on the ferric chloride page recently, including renaming it iron(III) chloride, but I've only used it a couple of times, so I'm sure you can add plenty more. However iron(II) chloride needs a lot of content- it's pretty much just the stub you wrote. Take a look at a discussion between H Padleckas and me about our plans on my talk page- perhaps you can add in your plans for work? I'm currently very busy at work, but I've started work on PBr3 and Suzuki reaction pages.

Thanks, and congrats on getting the HCl page Featured Article status. Walkerma 20:25, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Hi Martin, Thanks for the kind words. For explanation of the Chemistry template use, look at Talk:Iron(III)_chloride. My plans are limited by a lot of work, too, so I'll do the pragmatic approach. Wim van Dorst 21:04, 2005 Apr 9 (UTC).

Organization page on Chemicals wikiproject
Wim,

Just wanted to say, this is going to be a very useful page. I'd put off doing anything like that for a long time, but now there are more than two people participating in the Chemicals Wikiproject it is worth doing. Thanks for getting the ball rolling. Walkerma 17:13, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The wikislogan: Be bold ;-). Wim van Dorst 19:50, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC).

Wim, I notice that you added four people to the Chemicals Wikiproject as participants. I'm still getting used to the protocols for such things, but I had thought that you could only enrol yourself, not other people- is that correct? I appreciate that these people were at one time very actively working on writing tables etc for chemical compounds before the Chemicals Wikiproject, but all of them signed up for the chemistry project, not the chemicals project. I noticed Tim Starling had put together much of the original table format, and so in December I left him a message on his talk page at User_talk:Tim_Starling asking him to join the Chemicals Wikiproject. (we only had two people then). He chose not to do so, and I suspect from his talk page it's because he has been so busy with Wikipedia he is feeling rather burned out. Therefore I'm not so sure we should "volunteer" him without his active agreement! Cheers, Walkerma 03:32, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

In the comment to the change that I made, including those four names, I explicitly stated that I moved their names from another participation list on the worklist of the Chemicals project. That is the reason why I moved it to the Chemicals wikiproject page. We can always notify them of the change on their user talk page. Wim van Dorst 08:12, 2005 Apr 13 (UTC). Good suggestion, so I just did. Wim van Dorst 08:32, 2005 Apr 13 (UTC).

Image:Leathershoes.jpg
Burgundavia 16:28, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for pointing this out. I included the relevant information. Wim van Dorst 20:15, 2005 Apr 25 (UTC).

I have inserted this lady's shoes pic into the Wikipedia article Shoe, and into Wiktionary under "Shoe". H Padleckas 01:42, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Image:Gelatindessert.gif
Burgundavia 16:28, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

I tried the whole evening to re-trace the source, but failed. Nonetheless, it is Fair Use, as I paid much attention to it when searching. I'll add the info to the page. Wim van Dorst 21:15, 2005 Apr 25 (UTC).

Dimethyl ether
Wim, since you're working on this, be aware that for many organic chemists DME refers not to MeOMe, but rather to dimethoxyethane (MeOCH2CH2OMe). Since MeOMe is a gas people don't usually use it as a solvent, whereas dimethoxyethane is commonly used for that purpose. For example, when a patent such as this one refers to DME, they are assuming dimethoxyethane, not MeOMe. Fortunately our dab page for DME mentions both, but please be aware of this. Should we have the dimethoxyethane listed as our solvent in our 30 solvents rather than dimethyl ether? I've never used MeOMe myself, and most listings of DME as solvent I suspect refer to dimethoxyethane, even if it seems otherwise- see for example the "synonym" here! Keep up the good work, Walkerma 21:45, 18 July 2005 (UTC) Thanks, that sounds good. I am actually teaching at the moment, but I had a window of a few days before the work arrived so I used it to get some Wiki work done on things I've wanted to do for weeks or months. Also I have no family and no TV to distract me, I have a superfast internet connection in my room (nothing at home!), and use of one of the best chemistry libraries in Boston- I may as well make use of all this! As of today I just got 30 quizzes and 30 long homeworks to mark, and summer school gets very hectic, so expect my output to taper off - but I will still occasionally want to make a cup of Keemun tea and take a break by writing a few lines. Walkerma 23:29, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Yo, Martin, (ps are you sure you're on holiday? You're more active than in your working time. ;-). Thanks for pointing this out: as someone interested in bulk chemicals, I indeed know of the differences in DME and DME. The propellant DME is what I'm making this chembox about. I agree that the solvent DME would be very good in the Solvents lists, so I added that just now. And I thought it appropriate to move the propellant to Other as many other propellants are included there (CFC/HFC, etc). Wim van Dorst 22:07, 18 July 2005 (UTC).

Thanks
Wim,

I just wanted to thank you for helping to get some chemistry on to the main page earlier this week. I know it was a team effort, but a lot of the work did fall to you. Thanks for getting the ball rolling for Featured Article status, and for pushing it all the way to the front page. I would never have believed we could get a chemistry article as the lead story! Cheers, Walkerma 14:22, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

WP Chemical assessment
Reply to comment on User talk:Physchim62: No, I didn't set out to be harsher to the "Other important compounds" articles, maybe I'm just in a bad mood today! I'm currently preparing a summary of my assessment activity to highlight the issues that have struck me: in the meantime, if you feel that my assessment of any article is unjustified, BE BOLD and change it! :) Physchim62 16:48, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Inorganic compounds by element
Wim,

I was puzzled why you removed the link to this list from the Chemical infobox page- is there a particular reason? Although the list only goes to carbon currently, so it's only about 20% complete, it is in fact the most complete listing of compounds of those first 13 elements. I see it developing into a very important list once it becomes complete. Cheers, Walkerma 22:36, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Hi, Martin, you're back at work I see. Good progress. While adapting the various chemistry wikiprojects (chemistry, chemicals, chem infobox), I noticed a lot of double referring. The chem infobox is about the chem infobox alone, and therefore doesn't actually need references to various lists. So, no special reason, but intentionally I reduced it to the three main lists (after the split).
 * But while doing all the editing I noticed that that we could do with yet another activity for the chemicals wikiproject. Let's discuss it there. Wim van Dorst 23:06, 2005 Jun 1 (UTC).

Fine. It seemed a bit arbitrary to just remove that one, but now I see where you're coming from. Walkerma 05:19, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Testosterone pic
Wim,

The new picture looks great! Did you do it in ChemDraw? I can't wait to see what you have for the Oestrone page! Walkerma 14:26, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Ammonia and Ammonium
I see that you've been working on Ammonia and Ammonium. Please see my newset edits in these two articles and my newest remarks at the bottoms of their respective Talk:Pages. If you have any remarks on these topics, let me know. H Padleckas 01:48, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

WP:TS
Hi. I'm not entirely sure what you mean by your reversion of my edit to WP:TS, but I've undone it. The discussions have only started today, and I think you must be confused about what the sentence meant. violet/riga (t) 28 June 2005 21:10 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry if you think it is unclear, but I believe it is rather obvious considering that the existing policy is only about talk page templates, not article templates. It should appear on the policy page because it will end up being merged in there, and it highlights the fact that there is currently a gap in what WP:TS covers.  violet/riga (t) 28 June 2005 22:12 (UTC)

Corosive NFPA
Hi Wim, the "COR" label isn't recognized by the NFPA, so that's why I didn't make it. Other symbols like COR, ACID, and the radioactive sign are actually covered in the health rating. Thanks... Addaone July 2, 2005 16:23 (UTC)

Folic acid
My old CRC Handbook (1977-8) states that folic acid is soluble in ethanol, but only slightly soluble in water. Your data seem to conflict with this- can you check them? Are you data much older than mine, or much newer? Are your data for the dihydrate or the anhydrous form? BTW I removed things like flash point (non flammable!), boiling point (decomp. at MP), and other stuff that seemed irrelevant for a complex organic molecule, and I narrowed the table. Walkerma 8 July 2005 04:18 (UTC)

Enjoy Devon
Wim,

I hope you enjoy visiting beautiful England! I'm glad you're going to a remote corner- you should be quite safe in Devon, unless the suicide bombers are trying to target innocent Dartmoor ponies. Have fun, Walkerma 16:04, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, Martin. Have a good time without me! Wim van Dorst 20:20, 28 July 2005 (UTC).
 * I'm back, but as I still have vacation, I'll take it easy. Met vriendelijke groeten, Wim van Dorst 15:00, 24 August 2005 (UTC).

Comics Collaboration of the Fortnight
As a member of WikiProject Comics, I thought you might be interested in the Comics Collaboration of the Fortnight we have set up. Please feel free to vote on the articles listed, although bear in mind that a vote for a particular article means you are pledging to help improve the article. The goal of the collaboration is to improve articles to Featured Article status, as we feel Comics is under-represented in that area. Thanks for your help. Steve block talk 16:01, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

Happy Birthday
Wim- Happy Birthday to you (etc)! Hope you enjoyed your weekend. Don't spend your birthday compiling WP:Chem statistics! All the best, Walkerma 22:46, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Acetic acid
Here is a pic of a Winchester of acetic acid, Image:Acetic acid winchester.JPG, I'll see if I can make some crystals this week.--nixie 10:31, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Theodor Curtius
Sorry, there is nothing on Talk:Theodor Curtius. It is a simple copy-and-paste from the URL given. The Royal Chemistry Society claims copyright on all materials on its web site. You are, however, free to rewrite/expand it so that their copyright is no longer infringed upon. Regards, -- howcheng  [ talk • contribs • web ] 21:50, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Glad I could help
Anytime :-) I will keep it on my watchlist for a while. --HappyCamper 23:21, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Sorry about the image
I am sorry about the accidental deletion of Image:Harold-Wilberforce-Clifton.gif. I'm really pleased that you still had it available, and were willing to reupload it. I did not contact you before deleting it, as there were 5000+ images in the category, and, multiple warnings of such deletion had been made in general. (although, not apparently in the case of this exact image, for which I do applogize.) If you wish to contact the person who tagged the image as unsourced, according to the history it was User:Magnus Manske at 17:45, 5 June 2005. As regards the specifics of this particular image, I am not personally versed in the conclusions of the people involved with comics fair use on Wikipedia, but the sourcing you have now provided looks excellent to me. Thanks for (re)uploading the picture, and I again appologize for it's accidental deletion. Your work is appreicated. JesseW, the juggling janitor 20:51, 11 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Hi! I didn't want this image deleted, I merely tagged it as having no information added as to the source or the creator. This was during an "image tagging spree" some of us went on, IIRC. The idea was to tag potential copyright violations, then go through that list one by one. As I read above, it was deleted without asking the uploader (you) about its source first, which was not the intention. --Magnus Manske 09:44, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wimvandorst/archive01


text:
Talk:Foot fetishism

Is foot fetishism truly the most common fetish?
How can such a statement be made? The article claiming it is simply reading the username of 5000 internet users. You can't just say that it's the most common fetish, even if it's not unlikely. I feel like it should rather be "one of the most common fetishes" Thunderstruc (talk) 10:57, 2 September 2022 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I read the article (Relative prevalence of different fetishes) on ResearchGate and the methodology is so bad that I don’t think any conclusion can be drawn from it. Their numbers are drawn from membership in Yahoo Groups and their dataset includes 44722 foot fetishists and 82 smell fetishists. That just can’t be representative. I’m willing to believe foot fetishes are common, but there’s no way that relative prevalence is accurate. 172.112.190.130 (talk) 04:59, 3 October 2023 (UTC)

Other interests
I think there should be added that there are some fetichists that also take interest on dirty feet (specially when the sole gets dark), and tickles only and specificlly on the feet.

I also think it should be noted that Stocks are used on some practices of foot fetishm Sportstone (talk) 01:06, 20 February 2023 (UTC)

List of notable people who have a foot fetish
Given Wikipedia precedents such as lists of celebrities who are pansexual, who are ambidextrous, who have Crohn's disease, or who are Madonna fans, I would argue that, rather than being pop culture trivia, this article would be incomplete without naming notable people who have self-identified as having a foot fetish.

A weakness of the current list is that it is definitely weighted towards contemporary and American-known celebrities, but in my opinion the answer to that is to add more examples (that fit the criteria of explicit and unambiguous public self identification) rather than subtracting. It might also belong in a bulleted list or even a separate article. BrightVamp (talk) 23:49, 12 April 2024 (UTC)
 * You can write up that list, if you like, but don't add it to the article. First of all, "a reference is made" in 1220 is more than a bit vague, and the citation is incomplete; that F. Scott F. would have had one needs a bit stronger sourcing than what is given. BTW, why was "mistress" linked? And then we have all kinds of people self-reporting and being gossiped about--no, this is not what an encyclopedic article should do. Drmies (talk) 00:19, 13 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I think that the examples I gave show that an enclopedic article, at least on Wikipedia, should reference notable people intimately connected with the topic. I hear what you're saying about F. Scott Fitzgerald - it should ideally have a stronger source, though the bar is not as high as for WP:BLP. Could you expand on your concerns about the list of living notable people? None of the contemporary are being gossiped about in the sources - they have all explicitly, publicly self reported. This is also the Wikipedia criterion for e.g. including people in lists based on their sexual orientation or gender identity - do you feel that a different criterion should be used in this case? BrightVamp (talk) 15:34, 14 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Drmies One of the most famous people in the world, Idris Elba, has talked repeatedly in highly public outlets about having a foot fetish. I feel strongly that he and the other notable people who have said they have a foot fetish would be interesting to readers of this article, especially given the encylopedic precedents I mention above. Can you say why you think otherwise? BrightVamp (talk) 15:25, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
 * He's not one of the most famous people in the world, and if he was, why would it have to be in this article? Put it in his! Drmies (talk) 22:12, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I'm still not sure I understand your argument for removing this information about notable people who have a foot fetish. Could you explain more? BrightVamp (talk) 20:52, 27 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I suppose I don't expect you to understand. This is an article about foot fetishism, not about some celebrity. Drmies (talk) 02:36, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * User:GnocchiFan, I don't believe you were invited to this party. Drmies (talk) 02:47, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I don't believe the content is worthy of inclusion, unless there is mention of a specific individual in an article which is mostly about foot fetishism. Othersise it seems like undue gossip/trivia. If you want to create a spinoff "List of..." article, that's a different discussion. GnocchiFan (talk) 08:39, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * User:GnocchiFan I wonder if there are enough names to make a separate list article yet? I'm going off examples such as Ambidexterity where there are only a few inline examples, but maybe it's in a bit of an awkward middle ground at the moment? Let's find a version that works.
 * I agree that the WP:STATUSQUO list appears gossipy because of the bias towards english-speaking and recent figures, that list being
 * Idris Elba , Brooke Burke, Enrique Iglesias, Tommy Lee, Ludacris, Ricky Martin, Todd Phillips, and Tyler the Creator.
 * but I'm hoping those biases will get better with more contributions (though public figures have only started openly speaking about it recently). I'm confident it does not actually constitute gossip/hearsay: every name on the list passes a strict bar of unambiguous self-identification in a reliable source, as was hammered out with two editors who had concerns about the inclusion criteria.
 * My argument for including this information on Wikipedia is that there is firm precedent, whether you think foot fetishism is an alternate sexuality (List of people on the asexual spectrum), a profound interest (List of birdwatchers), or a disorder (List of sportspeople with diabetes) At the very least, I feel sure that the information that a star of several billion dollar movies has repeatedly talked about having a foot fetish, including how it inspired a movie he wrote, would be of interest to readers of this article. BrightVamp (talk) 00:07, 7 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Since we're a bit stuck, with User:Drmies believing that notable people should not be included (and also that "there is nothing to discuss", which I disagree with), and User:GnocchiFan suggesting that it might be more appropriate for a standalone page, we could use some outside perspective - I suggest we ask for input on the talk page of the most relevant project, WikiProject Sexology and sexuality. BrightVamp (talk) 17:40, 11 May 2024 (UTC)
 * We are not stuck, you are. Feel free to ask for input, but if you're going to WP:Sex etc., I may have to post this on BLPN as well, to call on editors who have experience with biographies of living people. Drmies (talk) 00:40, 12 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Great, let's do it then, the more input the better! I'm confident that it passes WP:BLP, since each person made an unambiguous public statement that they have a foot fetish in a RS, the same criterion as is used for inclusion of living people in lists of LGBT people WP:EGRS/S, but still could be useful to have another set of eyes on it. BrightVamp (talk) 13:45, 12 May 2024 (UTC)
 * OMFG, someone said they had a foot fetish so let's include it in the Wikipedia article!!!!!! Have you heard of Wikia? Drmies (talk) 02:37, 13 May 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Foot fetishism


text:
Alpha Centauri (album)

Alpha Centauri is the second studio album by German electronic music group Tangerine Dream. It was released in March 1971 by record label Ohr.

Content
The music on this album is quite different from Tangerine Dream's first album Electronic Meditation, partly because of a heavier reliance on keyboards and electronic technology, although they still mostly remain in the background: the dominant instruments on the album are organ and flute. The other difference is that this album focuses on dark, spacey soundscapes as opposed to jam sessions. The shift in instrumentation resulted in an atmosphere dubbed by Edgar Froese himself as "kosmische musik". Julian Cope's Head Heritage wrote that the album "used the space rock template from [ Pink Floyd's] Saucerful of Secrets (and removed the rock)".

A nowadays extremely rare single "Ultima Thule" was released in February of the same year. Side 1 employs the same guitar riff as "Fly and Collision of Comas Sola", but the single was at the time otherwise an unconnected release. Re-releases of Alpha Centauri in the 2000s have however included either or both parts of Ultima Thule as bonus tracks.

Release
Alpha Centauri was released in March 1971 by record label Ohr. It sold 20,000 copies in their native Germany, nearly four times as many as their later classic Phaedra.

Personnel

 * Edgar Froese – guitar, organ, bass, composer
 * Christopher Franke – drums, percussion, flute, zither, piano, VCS3
 * Steve Schroyder – organ, voice, echo machines, iron stick
 * Udo Dennebourg – flute, voice
 * Roland Paulick – synthesizer

title: Alpha Centauri (album)


text: User talk:Uncajesse

title: User talk:Uncajesse


text:
West Germany at the 1984 Summer Olympics

West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States. West Germany had joined the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics four years previously. 390 competitors, 267 men and 123 women, took part in 194 events in 25 sports.

Archery
All five of the German archers posted solid scores in the nation's third Olympic archery competition, with none placing lower than 15th.

Women's Individual Competition:
 * Manuela Dachner — 2508 points (→ 6th place)
 * Doris Haas — 2480 points (→ 11th place)

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Harry Wittig — 2497 points (→ 9th place)
 * Armin Garnreiter — 2494 points (→ 10th place)
 * Detlef Kahlert — 2486 points (1→ 5th place)

Athletics
Men's 400 metres
 * Men's Competition
 * Erwin Skamrahl
 * Heat — 45.94
 * Quarterfinals — 46.39 (→ did not advance)

Men's 5,000 metres
 * Christoph Herle
 * Heat — 13:46.35
 * Semifinals — did not finish (→ did not advance)

 * Uwe Mönkemeyer
 * Heat — 13:48.66
 * Semifinals — did not finish (→ did not advance)

Men's 10,000 metres
 * Christoph Herle
 * Qualifying Heat — 28:30.28
 * Final — 28:08.21 (→ 5th place)

Men's Marathon
 * Ralf Salzmann
 * Final — 2:15:29 (→ 18th place)

Men's High Jump
 * Dietmar Mögenburg
 * Qualification — 2.24 m
 * Final — 2.35 m (→ [[File:Med 1.png]] Gold Medal)

 * Carlo Thränhardt
 * Qualification — 2.24 m
 * Final — 2.15 m (→ 10th place)

 * Gerd Nagel
 * Qualification — 2.18 m (→ did not advance)

Men's Triple Jump
 * Peter Bouschen
 * Final — 16.77 m (→ 5th place)

Men's Javelin Throw
 * Wolfram Gambke
 * Qualification — 82.98 m
 * Final — 82.46 m (→ 4th place)

 * Klaus Tafelmeier
 * Qualification — 73.52 m (→ did not advance, 22nd place)

Men's Shot Put
 * Karsten Stolz
 * Qualifying Round — 18.98 m
 * Final — 18.31 m (→ 12th place)

Men's Discus Throw
 * Rolf Danneberg
 * Final — 66.60 m (→ [[File:Med 1.png]] Gold Medal)

 * Alwin Wagner
 * Final — 64.72 m (→ 6th place)

Men's Hammer Throw
 * Karl-Hans Riehm
 * Qualification — 75.50 m
 * Final — 77.98 m (→ [[File:Med 2.png]] Silver Medal)

 * Klaus Ploghaus
 * Qualification — 74.68m
 * Final — 76.68 m (→ [[File:Med 3.png]] Bronze Medal)

 * Christoph Sahner
 * Qualification — 72.88 m
 * Final — no mark (→ no ranking)

Men's Decathlon
 * Jürgen Hingsen
 * Final Result — 8673 points (→ [[File:Med 2.png]] Silver Medal)

 * Siegfried Wentz
 * Final Result — 8412 points (→ [[File:Med 3.png]] Bronze Medal)

 * Guido Kratschmer
 * Final Result — 8326 points (→ 4th place)

Men's 20 km Walk
 * Dieter Hoffmann
 * Final — did not start (→ no ranking)

Women's 1,000 metres
 * Women's Competition
 * Moira Thurnden
 * Heat — did not finish (→ no ranking)

Women's 1,500 metres
 * Roswitha Gerdes
 * Heat — 4:10.64
 * Final — 4:04.41 (→ 4th place)

 * Margrit Klinger
 * Heat — did not start (→ no ranking)

Women's 3,000 metres
 * Brigitte Kraus
 * Heat — 8:57.53
 * Final — did not finish (→ no ranking)

Women's Marathon
 * Charlotte Teske
 * Final — 2:35:56 (→ 16th place)

Women's High Jump
 * Ulrike Meyfarth
 * Qualification — 1.90m
 * Final — 2.02m (→ Gold medal.svg Gold Medal)

 * Heike Redetzky
 * Qualification — 1.90m
 * Final — 1.85m (→ 11th place)

 * Brigitte Holzapfel
 * Qualification — 1.90m
 * Final — 1.85m (→ 11th place)

Women's Discus Throw
 * Ingra Manecke
 * Qualification — 56.20m
 * Final — 58.56m (→ 6th place)

Women's Javelin Throw
 * Ingrid Thyssen
 * Qualification — 60.86m
 * Final — 63.26m (→ 6th place)

 * Beate Peters
 * Qualification — 61.56m
 * Final — 62.34m (→ 7th place)

Women's Shot Put
 * Claudia Losch
 * Final — 20.48 m (→ Gold medal.svg Gold Medal)

Women's Heptathlon
 * Sabine Everts
 * Final Result — 6363 points (→ Bronze medal.svg Bronze Medal)

 * Sabine Braun
 * Final Result — 6236 points (→ 6th place)

 * Birgit Dressel
 * Final Result — 6082 points (→ 9th place)

Basketball

 * Men's Team Competition
 * Preliminary Round (Group A)
 * Lost to Yugoslavia (83-96)
 * Lost to Italy (72-80)
 * Lost to Australia (66-66)
 * Defeated Egypt (85-58)
 * Defeated Brazil (78-75)

 * Quarterfinals
 * Lost to United States (67-78)

 * Classification Matches
 * 5th/8th place: Lost to Italy (71-98)
 * 7th/8th place: Lost to Australia (76-83) → 8th place

 * Team Roster
 * Christoph Komer
 * Vladimir Kadlec
 * Uwe Brauer
 * Uwe Sauer
 * Ulrich Peters
 * Klaus Zander
 * Michael Pappert
 * Armin Sowa
 * Detlef Schrempf
 * Uwe Blab
 * Ingo Mendel
 * Christian Welp

Boxing
Men's Bantamweight (– 54 kg)
 * Stefan Gertel
 * First Round — Bye
 * Second Round — Lost to Louis Gomis (France), retired in the second round

Men's Lightweight (– 60 kg)
 * Reiner Gies
 * First Round — Bye
 * Second Round — Defeated Samir Khenyab (Iraq), 4:1
 * Third Round — Defeated John Kalbhenn (Canada), 5:0
 * Quarterfinals — Lost to Pernell Whitaker (United States), 0:5

Men's Light Welterweight (– 63.5 kg)
 * Helmut Gertel
 * First Round — Bye
 * Second Round — Lost to Jerry Page (United States), 0:5

Men's Welterweight (– 67 kg)
 * Alexander Künzler
 * First Round — Bye
 * Second Round — Defeated Mohamed Ali Aldahan (Syria), 5:0
 * Third Round — Defeated Kamel Abboud (Algeria), 4:1
 * Quarterfinals — Lost to Luciano Bruno (Italy), 0:5

Men's Light Middleweight (– 71 kg) Men's Middleweight (– 75 kg)
 * Manfred Zielonka → Bronze Medal
 * First Round — Bye
 * Second Round — Defeated Ambrose Mlilo (Zimbabwe), 4:1
 * Third Round — Defeated Gustavo Ollo (Argentina), 5:0
 * Quarterfinals — Defeated Gnohery Sery (Ivory Coast), 5:0
 * Semifinals — Lost to Frank Tate (United States), walkover
 * Andreas Bauer
 * First Round — Lost to Antonio Corti (Argentina), 0:5

Men's Light Heavyweight (– 81 kg)
 * Markus Bott
 * First Round — Bye
 * Second Round — Lost to Anton Josipović (Yugoslavia), 1:4

Men's Super Heavyweight (+ 91 kg)
 * Peter Hussing
 * First Round — Defeated Olaf Mayer (Austria), 5:0
 * Quarterfinals — Lost to Aziz Salihu (Yugoslavia), 2:3

Cycling
Twenty cyclists, sixteen men and four women, represented West Germany in 1984.

 * Men's individual road race
 * Thomas Freienstein
 * Achim Stadler
 * Werner Stauff
 * Andreas Kappes

 * Team time trial
 * Hartmut Bölts
 * Thomas Freienstein
 * Bernd Gröne
 * Michael Maue

 * Sprint
 * Gerhard Scheller
 * Fredy Schmidtke

 * 1000m time trial
 * Fredy Schmidtke

 * Individual pursuit
 * Rolf Gölz
 * Ingo Wittenborn

 * Team pursuit
 * Reinhard Alber
 * Rolf Gölz
 * Roland Günther
 * Michael Marx

 * Points race
 * Uwe Messerschmidt
 * Final — 16 points (→ [[File:Med 2.png]] Silver Medal)

 * Manfred Donike
 * Final — 3 points (→ 19th place)

 * Women's individual road race
 * Sandra Schumacher — 2:11:14 (→ [[File:Med 3.png]] Bronze Medal)
 * Ute Enzenauer — 2:13:28 (→ 8th place)
 * Ines Varenkamp — 2:13:28 (→ 12th place)
 * Gabriele Altweck

Diving
Men's 3m Springboard
 * Albin Killat
 * Preliminary Round — 549.39
 * Final — 569.52 (→ 7th place)

 * Dieter Dörr
 * Preliminary Round — 533.61
 * Final — 549.33 (→ 10th place)

Fencing
20 fencers, 15 men and 5 women, represented West Germany in 1984.

 * Men's foil
 * Matthias Behr
 * Matthias Gey
 * Harald Hein

 * Men's team foil
 * Harald Hein, Matthias Behr, Matthias Gey, Klaus Reichert, Frank Beck

 * Men's épée
 * Elmar Borrmann
 * Alexander Pusch
 * Volker Fischer

 * Men's team épée
 * Elmar Borrmann, Volker Fischer, Gerhard Heer, Rafael Nickel, Alexander Pusch

 * Men's sabre
 * Freddy Scholz
 * Jürgen Nolte
 * Jörg Stratmann

 * Men's team sabre
 * Dieter Schneider, Jürgen Nolte, Freddy Scholz, Jörg Stratmann, Jörg Volkmann

 * Women's foil
 * Cornelia Hanisch
 * Sabine Bischoff
 * Christiane Weber

 * Women's team foil
 * Christiane Weber, Cornelia Hanisch, Sabine Bischoff, Ute Kircheis-Wessel, Zita-Eva Funkenhauser

Field hockey

 * Men's Team Competition
 * Preliminary Round (Group A)
 * Defeated Spain (3-1)
 * Defeated United States (4-0)
 * Lost to Australia (0-3)
 * Defeated Malaysia (5-0)
 * Drew with India (0-0)

 * Semi Finals
 * Defeated Great Britain (1-0)

 * Final
 * Lost to Pakistan (1-2) after extra time → Med 2.png Silver Medal

 * Team Roster
 * Tobias Frank (gk)
 * Christian Bassemir (gk)
 * Michael Peter
 * Horst-Ulrich Hänel
 * Carsten Fischer
 * Markku Slawyk
 * Thomas Gunst
 * Volker Fried
 * Eckhard Schmidt-Opper
 * Joachim Hürter
 * Andreas Keller
 * Dirk Brinkmann
 * Stefan Blöcher
 * Thomas Reck
 * Heiner Dopp
 * Reinhard Krull

 * Women's Team Competition
 * Round Robin
 * Drew with Australia (2-2)
 * Defeated Canada (3-0)
 * Lost to The Netherlands (2-6)
 * Defeated New Zealand (1-0)
 * Drew with United States (1-1) → Med 2.png Silver Medal

 * Team Roster
 * Susanne Schmid (gk)
 * Ursula Thielemann (gk)
 * Christina Moser
 * Hella Roth
 * Dagmar Breiken
 * Sigrid Landgraf
 * Elke Drüll
 * Corinna Lingnau
 * Andrea Weiermann-Lietz
 * Gaby Appel
 * Birgit Hagen
 * Birgit Hahn
 * Beate Deininger
 * Patricia Ott
 * Martina Koch
 * Gabi Schley

Football

 * Men's Team Competition
 * Preliminary Round (Group C)
 * West Germany – Morocco 2 – 0
 * West Germany – Brazil 0 – 1
 * West Germany – Saudi Arabia 4 – 0

 * Quarter Finals
 * West Germany – Yugoslavia 2 – 5

 * Team Roster:
 * ( 1.) Bernd Franke
 * ( 2.) Manfred Bockenfeld
 * ( 3.) Roland Dickgiesser
 * ( 4.) Dieter Bast
 * ( 5.) Bernd Wehmeyer
 * ( 6.) Guido Buchwald
 * ( 7.) Jürgen Groh
 * ( 8.) Rudolf Bommer
 * ( 9.) Dieter Schatzschneider
 * (10.) Andreas Brehme
 * (11.) Frank Mill
 * (12.) Walter Junghans
 * (13.) Alfred Schoen
 * (14.) Peter Lux
 * (15.) Uwe Rahn
 * (16.) Christian Schreier
 * (17.) Dieter Schlindwein

Handball

 * Men's Team Competition
 * Team Roster
 * Jochen Fraatz
 * Thomas Happe
 * Arnulf Meffle
 * Rüdiger Neitzel
 * Michael Paul
 * Dirk Rauin
 * Siegfried Roch
 * Michael Roth
 * Ulrich Roth
 * Martin Schwalb
 * Uwe Schwenker
 * Thomas Springel
 * Andreas Thiel
 * Klaus Wöller
 * Erhard Wunderlich

 * Women's Team Competition
 * Team Roster
 * Maike Becker
 * Elke Blumauer
 * Sabine Erbs
 * Astrid Huhn
 * Kerstin Jonsson
 * Sabrina Koschella
 * Corinna Kunze
 * Roswitha Mroczynski
 * Petra Platen
 * Vanadis Putzke
 * Silvia Schmitt
 * Dagmar Stelberg
 * Claudia Sturm

Modern pentathlon
Three male modern pentathletes represented West Germany in 1984.

 * Individual
 * Achim Bellmann
 * Michael Rehbein
 * Christian Sandow

 * Team
 * Achim Bellmann
 * Michael Rehbein
 * Christian Sandow

Swimming
Men's 100m Freestyle
 * Men's Competition
 * Dirk Korthals
 * Heat — 51.02
 * Final — 50.93 (→ 8th place)

 * Alexander Schowtka
 * Heat — 51.78 (→ did not advance, 20th place)

Men's 200m Freestyle
 * Michael Groß
 * Heat — 1:48.03
 * Final — 1:47.44 (→ [[image:Med 1.png]] Gold Medal)

 * Thomas Fahrner
 * Heat — 1:50.00
 * Final — 1:49.69 (→ [[image:Med 3.png]] Bronze Medal)

Men's 400m Freestyle
 * Stefan Pfeiffer
 * Heat — 3:53.41
 * Final — 3:52.91 (→ 4th place)

 * Thomas Fahrner
 * Heat — 3:55.26
 * B-Final — 3:50.91 (→ 9th place)

Men's 1500m Freestyle
 * Stefan Pfeiffer
 * Heat — 15:21.95
 * Final — 15:12.77 (→ [[File:Med 3.png]] Bronze Medal)

 * Rainer Henkel
 * Heat — 15:23.60
 * Final — 15:20.03 (→ 4th place)

Men's 100m Backstroke
 * Stefan Peter
 * Heat — 57.90
 * B-Final — 58.30 (→ 11th place)

 * Nicolai Klapkarek
 * Heat — 58.19
 * B-Final — 58.56 (→ 15th place)

Men's 200m Backstroke
 * Nicolai Klapkarek
 * Heat — 2:04.45
 * Final — 2:03.95 (→ 6th place)

 * Stefan Peter
 * Heat — 2:05.22
 * B-Final — 2:05.66 (→ 13th place)

Men's 100m Breaststroke
 * Gerald Mörken
 * Heat — 1:03.53
 * Final — 1:03.95 (→ 7th place)

 * Peter Lang
 * Heat — 1:04.40
 * B-Final — 1:04.43 (→ 11th place)

Men's 200m Breaststroke
 * Gerald Mörken
 * Heat — 2:22.99 (→ did not advance, 18th place)

 * Peter Lang
 * Heat — 2:24.60 (→ did not advance, 22nd place)

Men's 100m Butterfly
 * Michael Groß
 * Heat — 54.02
 * Final — 53.08 (→ [[image:Med 1.png]] Gold Medal)

 * Andreas Behrend
 * Heat — 55.22
 * Final — 54.95 (→ 7th place)

Men's 200m Butterfly
 * Michael Groß
 * Heat — 1:58.72
 * Final — 1:57.40 (→ [[image:Med 2.png]] Silver Medal)

 * Andreas Behrend
 * Heat — 2:06.06 (→ did not advance, 24th place)

Men's 200m Individual Medley
 * Nicolai Klapkarek
 * Heat — 2:06.07
 * Final — 2:05.88 (→ 7th place)

 * Ralf Diegel
 * Heat — 2:06.41
 * Final — 2:06.66 (→ 8th place)

Men's 400m Individual Medley
 * Ralf Diegel
 * Heat — 4:28.10
 * B-Final — 4:28.94 (→ 12th place)

Men's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay
 * Dirk Korthals, Alexander Schowtka, Nicolai Klapkarek, and Andreas Schmidt
 * Heat — 3:24.69

 * Dirk Korthals, Andreas Schmidt, Alexander Schowtka, and Michael Groß
 * Final — 3:22.98 (→ 4th place)

Men's 4 × 200 m Freestyle Relay
 * Rainer Henkel, Dirk Korthals, Alexander Schowtka, and Thomas Fahrner
 * Heat — 7:25.29

 * Thomas Fahrner, Dirk Korthals, Alexander Schowtka, and Michael Groß
 * Final — 7:15.73 (→ [[File:Med 2.png]] Silver Medal)

Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay
 * Stefan Peter, Gerald Mörken, Andreas Behrend, and Alexander Schowtka
 * Heat — 3:49.75

 * Stefan Peter, Gerald Mörken, Michael Groß, and Dirk Korthals
 * Final — 3:44.26 (→ 4th place)

Women's 100m Freestyle
 * Women's Competition
 * Susanne Schuster
 * Heat — 56.85
 * Final — 56.90 (→ 6th place)

 * Iris Zscherpe
 * Heat — 57.31
 * B-Final — 57.19 (→ 9th place)

Women's 200m Freestyle
 * Ina Beyermann
 * Heat — 2:02.42
 * Final — 2:01.89 (→ 7th place)

 * Iris Zscherpe
 * Heat — 2:03.95
 * B-Final — 2:03.42 (→ 10th place)

Women's 400m Freestyle
 * Birgit Kowalczik
 * Heat — 4:17.92
 * Final — 4:16.33 (→ 7th place)

 * Ina Beyermann
 * Heat — 4:18.94
 * B-Final — scratched (→ 17th place)

Women's 800m Freestyle
 * Birgit Kowalczik
 * Heat — 8:53.34 (→ did not advance, 11th place)

Women's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay
 * Iris Zscherpe, Susanne Schuster, Christiane Pielke, and Karin Seick
 * Heat — 3:46.49
 * Final — 3:45.56 (→ [[File:Med 3.png]] Bronze Medal)

Women's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay
 * Svenja Schlicht, Ute Hasse, Ina Beyermann, and Karin Seick
 * Heat — 4:13.58
 * Final — 4:11.97 (→ [[File:Med 2.png]] Silver Medal)

Women's 100m Backstroke
 * Svenja Schlicht
 * Heat — 1:04.02
 * Final — 1:03.46 (→ 6th place)

 * Sandra Dahlmann
 * Heat — 1:05.27 (→ did not advance, 17th place)

Women's 200m Backstroke
 * Svenja Schlicht
 * Heat — 2:15.69
 * Final — 2:15.93 (→ 6th place)

 * Sandra Dahlmann
 * Heat — 2:19.59
 * B-Final — 2:16.93 (→ 9th place)

Women's 200m Butterfly
 * Ina Beyermann
 * Heat — 2:13.26
 * Final — 2:11.91 (→ [[File:Med 3.png]] Bronze Medal)

 * Petra Zindler
 * Heat — 2:15.20
 * B-Final — 2:16.50 (→ 14th place)

Women's 200m Individual Medley
 * Christiane Pielke
 * Heat — 2:19.17
 * Final — 2:17.82 (→ 5th place)

 * Petra Zindler
 * Heat — 2:20.05
 * Final — 2:19.86 (→ 7th place)

Women's 400m Individual Medley
 * Petra Zindler
 * Heat — 4:52.49
 * Final — 4:48.57 (→ [[File:Med 3.png]] Bronze Medal)

Volleyball

 * Women's Team Competition
 * Preliminary Round (Group B)
 * Lost to United States (0-3)
 * Lost to China (0-3)
 * Defeated Brazil (3-0)

 * Classification Matches
 * 5th/8th place: Defeated Canada (3-0)
 * 5th/6th place: Lost to South Korea (0-3) → Sixth place

 * Team Roster
 * Ruth Holzhausen
 * Birgitta Rühmer
 * Gudrun Witte
 * Beate Bühler
 * Regina Vossen
 * Sigrid Terstegge
 * Andrea Sauvigny
 * Renate Riek
 * Marina Staden
 * Almut Kemperdick
 * Terry Place-Brandel
 * Ute Hankers

Water polo

 * Men's Team Competition
 * Preliminary Round (Group C)
 * Defeated Australia (10-6)
 * Defeated Japan (15-8)
 * Defeated Italy (10-4)

 * Final Round (Group D)
 * Drew with Spain (8-8)
 * Lost to Yugoslavia (9-10)
 * Lost to United States (7-8)
 * Defeated Netherlands (15-2) → Bronze medal.svg Bronze Medal

 * Team Roster
 * Peter Röhle
 * Thomas Loebb
 * Frank Otto
 * Rainer Hoppe
 * Armando Fernández
 * Thomas Huber
 * Jürgen Schroder
 * Rainer Osselmann
 * Hagen Stamm
 * Roland Freund
 * Dirk Theismann
 * Werner Obschernikat


text:
Zeit (Tangerine Dream album)

Zeit (English: Time) is the third studio album by German electronic music group Tangerine Dream. A double LP, it was released in August 1972, being the first release featuring Peter Baumann, who joined then-current members Christopher Franke and Edgar Froese. Zeit is subtitled Largo in Four Movements.

Content
The style of this album is slower and more atmospheric than their previous albums. AllMusic wrote, "TD's purest expression of 'space music', this double album ebbs and flows effortlessly from one tone cluster to another. Almost classical in construction, the music is structured so as to evolve in sections as one theme literally melts into the next." Music critics often refer to Zeit as being one of the first (or perhaps the first) examples of dark ambient music.

Florian Fricke from the Munich-based group Popol Vuh plays Moog synthesizer on the record, and four cellists appear on the first track. The album cover depicts a solar eclipse.

As explained by Paul Russell for the 2002 reissue, "Zeit, which means 'time', was based on the philosophy that time was in fact motionless and only existed in our own minds."

Release
Zeit was released in August 1972 by record label Ohr.

Before the 2002 reissue, there were two common releases on CD: a single CD release by Castle Music and a double CD set. The double CD set from Relativity in 1987 is longer by a few seconds, mainly because of longer inter-track gaps. Relativity also put out a single cassette, with the following song timings: 20:00, 18:00, 20:12, 17:43. The double CD set has a light blue border on the front and back covers.

The 2011 release includes a second CD with the 25 November 1972 Klangwald concert at Cologne's WDR Sendesaal hall in West Germany, previously released as Tangerine Tree 52: Cologne 1972.

Zomba Music Publishers Limited had released five CD series back in 1996. They all had the same front geometrical lines cover but with different colors; the Zeit album had it in blue. Despite the sleeve notes and the CD containing the following song timings 20:00, 18:00, 20:12, 17:43, the real timings of track 4 ("Zeit") measured in any CD player at only 16:58 but the music starts with some extra 45 seconds of previously unheard music on all the other releases. If one may carefully mix-add these seconds to the beginning of the "Zeit" track from the any after-1996 releases, that would get about 17:30 full track. This also means, at a careful listening of the Zomba release, track 4 ends earlier than any of the after-1996 releases. (To add to the track timing confusions, a recently digitised copy of the original German Ohr label LP release from 1972, using a correctly calibrated Pro-Ject record deck, provides the following track timings, including track bands of several seconds on sides 1 to 3: 20:52; 20:35; 18:54; 18:46.)

Reception
In a retrospective review, Julian Cope's Head Heritage website described Zeit as a "monolithic and gloomy double album" that "wanders through droning passages of emptiness as the origins and formation of the universe are charted [...] It's the band at their most abstract and austere, their most difficult album."

Legacy
Zeit has been mentioned by English musician Steven Wilson as his favorite album of all time, calling it the "birth of ambient music."

Track listing
All titles written by Edgar Froese, Christopher Franke and Peter Baumann

Personnel

 * Tangerine Dream
 * Edgar Froese – audio generators, gliss guitar
 * Christopher Franke – keyboards, cymbals, VCS3 analog synthesizer
 * Peter Baumann – organ, vibraphone, VCS3 analog synthesizer
 * Former Tangerine Dream
 * Steve Schroyder – Organ outro on "Birth of Liquid Plejades"
 * Additional musicians
 * Florian Fricke – Moog synthesizer on "Birth of Liquid Plejades"
 * The Cologne Cello Quartet — Cello intro on "Birth of Liquid Plejades"
 * Christian Vallbracht
 * Joachim von Grumbkow; credited as Jochen von Grumbcow; co-founder of Hoelderlin
 * Hans Joachim Brüne
 * Johannes Lücke
 * Credits
 * Dieter Dierks – recording engineer
 * Edgar Froese – cover art
 * Monique Froese – cover and sleeve photography

title: Zeit (Tangerine Dream album)


text:
Talk:British Steel (album)

One great song?
This might just be some sort of unfounded rumour, but I've heard stories about an original plan of making this album sound like one great song. The original tracklisting placed the song "Breaking The Law" as the first track, with "Rapid Fire" and "Metal Gods" following next. In the current tracklisting "Rapid Fire" opens up first with "Metal Gods" as the following song and THEN "Breaking The Law". It's rather vague, I know, but there's supposed to be signs of this left on the old vinyl records from the time of the album's release. Does anyone know how to verify whether this is true or just some kind of bad joke?

This is false the original that was initially released in the UK was "Rapid fire", "metal gods" and "breaking the law" this was intended by the band, but when it was released in the US the tracklist had changed and "breaking the law" was moved to the first song, this was because the record company saw that the song was popular and decided to move it there. This meant that boths sides of the vinyl record started off with the most popular songs "breaking the law" being one of them, the other "living after midnight" Harryngo (talk) 11:09, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Judas Priest British Steel.jpg
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30th or 40th anniversary
"In 2009, Judas Priest kicked off their 30th anniversary tour [...]" -- shouldn't that be the 40th anniversary, the band having formed in 1969? Or have I missed something earlier in the main article? I'm not well read on the band's history, so don't just want to change without asking first. Or was the entire tour for the 30th anniversary of the album only? Which should be clarified in the article, in that case IMHO. --Stizzleswick (talk) 05:32, 23 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:British Steel (album)


text:
Talk:Hybrid computer

This is the future this will be the step we climb that takes us to the next level.

1. What does the above mean?

2. I believe the statement, "An example of a hybrid computer is the computer used in hospitals to measure the heart beat of the patient." to be false. A hybrid computer is NOT simply a digital computer with an analog-to-digital converter at the front. I don't know of any hybrid computers in use in hospitals today; digital computers are sufficiently fast and precise for all normal purposes. ⇒ normxxx |  talk   ⇒   email

Hybrid computers are used to obtain a very accurate but imprecise 'seed' value "Very accurate" and "imprecise" seem contradictory. Could this be better worded?

⇒ ⇒ Sorry; but accuracy and precision have very definite meanings in engineering. Check out t6he (added) definitions.

Hybrid vs. Super
How do computer speeds compare between
 * Super computers
 * Hybrid computers
 * Engineeering workstations

Editors of both the supercomputer article and the hybrid computer article claim high speed, when perhaps there should be more emphasis in relative advantages. In what areas is a particular kind of computer better suited than the general purpose computer familiar to most users? For example, nuclear submarines use analog computers because of the threat of radiation messing up digital controls. When things go chaotic, they not want to lose the controls as well. User:AlMac|(talk) 09:27, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

Hybrid digital-analog computers are a path of computing that ceased to be relevant decades ago. At that time, their "high speed" was a relevant comparison, but putting that "high speed" in a sentence written in the present tense makes it sound as if this is still the case; it is not. The discussion of neural nets, organic computing techniques or Lyric Semiconductor's recently-unveiled "probability processor" are related to analog computing, and therefore hybrid computing, but I don't think you can discuss hybrid computers accurately unless it's very clear that this is a historical topic and not a current topic. The last "current" reference to hybrid computing as it was used on a systems-wide basis was a speculative article in my 1968 copy of Encyclopedia Britannica. If most of the verbiage was changed to past tense, that would go a long way to making this article accurate.209.254.9.194 (talk) 14:04, 24 August 2010 (UTC)

Presumably, the analog controls are all electrical and/or hydraulic (i.e., no electronics)? ⇒ normxxx |  talk   ⇒   email  01:46, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

Just off the top of my head, I would say that the supercomputer (for most calculations) is around the same order of magnitude of speed as a hybrid computer (hence their use in weather calculations). However, SCs are several orders of magnitude more expensive to build than equivalent HCs. But the improved versatility and calculation precision control of SCs are probably why they would be preferred (although ignorance of HCs cannot be ruled out).

As far as I know, it is not practical (especially costwise) to build a SC into an Engineeering workstation (you'd probably need another room just for the cooling equipment); however, there is no constraint in constructing a special purpose hybrid computer Engineeering workstation, although I do not know of any particular instances.

Compared with SCs and HCs, the ordinary (digital) computer Engineeering workstation is as slow as molasses. ⇒ normxxx |  talk   ⇒   email  01:46, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

Precisions
To feel encyclopedia in motion, I'd like some details as - when was the concept designed - how old is the polish pic - what manufacturers were (are ?) ; and maybe some more backlinks - as interesting pages link to this one. Thank you. -- DLL .. T 20:03, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

hybrid computer
yes 43.224.3.150 (talk) 14:10, 20 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hybrid computer


text:
Atem (album)

Atem (Breath) is the fourth studio album by German electronic music group Tangerine Dream. It was released in March 1973 by record label Ohr.

Content
The music on Atem ranges from slow atmospheric pieces to more aggressive percussion and vocal experiments with dynamic Mellotron orchestrations. Describing its style, AllMusic wrote "Atem is more melodic and less dissonant than Tangerine Dream's other early works. The lineup [...] puts a nice topspin on the old prog rock sound. [...] While it is still very common to see TD listed as progressive rock and art rock, this album is pure space music."

The album marked the end of the band's seminal "Pink Years" period, with future albums adopting a more structured (and commercially viable) sound. Julian Cope's Head Heritage described it as Tangerine Dream's "transitional album".

The baby pictured on the cover is Jerome Froese, the son of Edgar Froese, who would eventually become a member of Tangerine Dream. He was two years and four months old at the time this album was released.

Release and reception
It was largely through DJ John Peel's enthusiastic championing of this album (it was one of his "Albums of the Year" in 1973), that Tangerine Dream first came to the attention of British music listeners in a big way. The public began ordering copies of the group's albums through mail order companies (although Atem, along with Alpha Centauri, did get an official UK release on Polydor around this time). According to legend, it was this mail order activity that caused Richard Branson to take notice.

In its retrospective review, Head Heritage described it as "TD's most adventurous and exhilarating listening experience", and the title track as "TD’s most powerful moment".

Personnel

 * Edgar Froese – mellotron, organ, guitar, voice
 * Peter Baumann – organ, piano, VCS3
 * Christopher Franke – VCS3, drums, percussion, organ, voice

title: Atem (album)


text:
Phaedra (album)

Phaedra is the fifth studio album by German electronic music group Tangerine Dream. It was recorded during November 1973 at The Manor in Shipton-on-Cherwell, England and released on 20 February 1974 through Virgin Records. This is the first Tangerine Dream album to feature their now classic sequencer-driven sound, which is considered to have greatly influenced the Berlin School genre.

The album marked the beginning of the group's international success and was their first album released on the Virgin label. It achieved six-figure sales in the UK, reaching number 15 in the UK Albums Chart in a 15-week run, with virtually no airplay, only by strong word of mouth. It also earned the group a gold disc in seven countries, though in their native Germany it sold barely 6,000 units. The album title refers to Phaedra of Greek mythology.

Background and recording
On hearing a set of recordings Edgar Froese and Christopher Franke had made earlier in the year at Skyline Studios in Berlin, Virgin Records' Richard Branson gave them a contract and encouraged them to come to England. After purchasing a modular Moog synthesizer with their advance, in late 1973 the group came to The Manor Studio, in Oxfordshire to begin recording. The entire album was completed in less than six weeks, with some of the music recorded with the help of Froese's wife, Monique. Interviewed by Mark J. Prendergast, Froese recalled:

Phaedra was the first album in which many things had to be structured. The reason was that we were using the Moog sequencer (all driving bass notes) for the first time. Just tuning the instrument took several hours each day, because at the time there were no pre-sets or memory banks. We worked each day from 11 o'clock in the morning to 2 o'clock at night. By the 11th day we barely had 6 minutes of music on tape. Technically everything that could go wrong did go wrong. The tape machine broke down, there were repeated mixing console failures and the speakers were damaged because of the unusually low frequencies of the bass notes. After 12 days of this we were completely knackered. Fortunately, after a two-day break in the countryside a new start brought a breakthrough. "Mysterious Semblance" was recorded on Dec 4th. Pete and Chris were asleep after a long day's recording session so I invited my wife, Monique, into the studio. I called in the studio engineer and recorded it in one take on a double-keyboarded Mellotron while Monique turned the knobs on a phasing device. This piece is on the record exactly as it was recorded that day. And this practice was to continue for the rest of the session.

Content
The title track was originally based on an improvisation recorded in the studio, and unintentionally exhibits one of the limitations of the analog equipment used at the time. As the equipment warmed up, some of the oscillators began to detune (they were highly temperature-sensitive), which was responsible for some of the changes in the music towards the end of the piece.

Both the title track and "Movements of a Visionary" rely on Franke's use of the Moog analog sequencer as a substitute for bass guitar. "Mysterious Semblance at the Strand of Nightmares" features Froese soloing on a Mellotron which is treated by slowly sweeping filter effects. "Sequent C'" is a short piece by Peter Baumann on recorder, with tape echo.

The sleeve design and cover painting are by Froese.

Style and reception
The All Music Guide to Electronica describes the album as a milestone for the band as "one of the most important, artistic, and exciting works in the history of electronic music". Phaedra is commonly cited as one of Tangerine Dream's best albums and is listed in 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. In the Q and Mojo Classic Special Edition Pink Floyd & The Story of Prog Rock, the album also came in at 38 in its list of "40 Cosmic Rock Albums".

Writing in his 2000 Ambient Century, Mark J. Prendergast describes the title track: "At over 17 minutes it conveyed feelings of the cosmos, of giant suns exploding, of huge ocean movements, of mythological lands, of eddies and drifts. Layer upon layer of futuristic sounds piled one on top of the other until the whole thing climaxes in some interstellar void."

In popular culture
The title track and "Mysterious Semblance at the Strand of Nightmares" are both featured in the 2018 interactive Netflix film Black Mirror: Bandersnatch. The protagonist Stefan receives a list of music recommendations, featuring such artists as Edgar Froese, Tangerine Dream, Bauhaus and The Cure. After thumbing through the records in the record shop, Stefan has to decide between two albums: Tangerine Dream's Phaedra and Isao Tomita's The Bermuda Triangle.

Track listing
Note: Some CD releases from 1995 and 2005 have slightly different lengths.

A New CD version was issued in 2019 re-mastered from the original master tapes. It contained the extra bonus tracks "Phaedra" and "Sequent C'", both being stereo remixes by Steven Wilson.

Musicians

 * Edgar Froese – mellotron, guitar, bass, VCS 3 synthesizer, organ, cover painting
 * Christopher Franke – moog synthesizer, VCS 3 synthesizer
 * Peter Baumann – organ, electric piano, VCS 3 synthesizer, recorder

Technical

 * Edgar Froese – producer, cover painting
 * Phil Becque – engineer

Single
A promotional single was released in 1974, in the U.S, on the Virgin label, with excerpts of two tracks.

title: Phaedra (album)


text:
Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik

Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik is the debut studio album by the American hip hop duo Outkast, released on April 26, 1994, by LaFace Records and Arista Records. Having befriended each other two years prior, rappers André 3000 (then known as Dré, real name André Benjamin) and Big Boi (Antwan Patton) pursued recording music as a duo and worked with production team Organized Noize, leading to a record contract with LaFace. With the team producing, Outkast recorded the album at the Dungeon, D.A.R.P. Studios, Purple Dragon, Bosstown, and Doppler Studios, all in their hometown of Atlanta, Georgia.

A Southern hip hop record, Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik features live instrumentation in its hip hop production and musical elements from funk and soul genres. Wanting to make a statement about urban life as an African American in the South, Outkast wrote and recorded the album as teenagers and addressed coming of age themes with the album's songs. They also incorporated repetitive hooks and Southern slang in their lyrics.

Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik charted at number 20 on the Billboard 200 and was eventually certified Platinum in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting one million copies sold. A critical and commercial success, the album helped distinguish Southern hip hop as a credible hip hop scene amid East Coast and West Coast hip hop's market dominance at the time. It has since been viewed by music journalists as an important release in both hip hop and Atlanta's music scene.

Background
André 3000 and Big Boi met in 1992 at the Lenox Square shopping mall when they were both 16 years old. The two lived in the East Point section of Atlanta and attended Tri-Cities High School. During school, they participated in rap battles in the cafeteria. André 3000 dropped out of high school at age 17 and worked a series of jobs before he and Big Boi formed a group called 2 Shades Deep; he returned to obtain his GED at a night school following the release of Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik. They briefly dabbled in street-hustling to save up for recording money.

The duo also spent time at their friend Rico Wade's basement recording studio, known as the Dungeon, with Wade's production team Organized Noize and future members of hip hop group Goodie Mob. Outkast recorded demos at the studio, and Organized Noize member Ray Murray helped Big Boi, whose strength lay in songwriting, develop his rapping skills. After several local productions, the team was hired by LaFace Records to produce remixes to songs from TLC's 1992 album Ooooooohhh... On the TLC Tip. The team had André 3000 and Big Boi rap over them, which led to a record deal from LaFace for both Organized Noize and OutKast. The commercial success of Arrested Development's 1992 alternative hip hop single "Tennessee" also encouraged LaFace to sign Outkast, the label's first hip hop act.

Recording and production
After receiving a $15,000 advance from LaFace in 1993, Outkast started recording the album at the Dungeon. The studio featured mostly secondhand recording equipment. Recording sessions also took place at Bosstown, Dallas Austin's D.A.R.P. Studios, Doppler Studios, and Purple Dragon in Atlanta. Located in midtown Atlanta, Bosstown developed a sentimental value for Outkast, who later bought the studio in 1999 and renamed it "Stankonia" after their fourth studio album. Throughout the album's recording, the duo refined their artistry and drew on ideas from funk, contemporary R&B, and soul music. André 3000 also smoked marijuana during the sessions. They recorded over 30 songs for the album.

Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik was produced entirely by Organized Noize, which was made up of Rico Wade, Ray Murray, and Sleepy Brown. Production team Organized Noize utilized live instrumentation on the album, emphasizing musical instruments, including bass, keyboards, guitar, and organ, over conventional hip hop techniques such as DJing and sampling. They viewed that the feel of live instruments made the music sound more authentic and immediate. With their production, the team sought an organic, celebratory, "down-home" vibe, as Brown later recalled, "We wanted Atlanta brothers to be proud of where they were from". Brown also sung vocals for several tracks.

Along with Organized Noize, other members of the Dungeon Family worked on the album, including Goodie Mob, Mr. DJ, Debra Killings, and Society of Soul. The album was mixed at Sound on Sound in New York City, Bosstown, D.A.R.P. Studios, Tree Sound, and Studio LaCoCo in Atlanta.

Music and lyrics
A Southern hip hop album, Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik incorporates analog elements such as Southern-styled guitar licks, languid soul melodies, and mellow 1970s funk grooves. It also features digital hip hop production elements such as programmed snare beats, booty bass elements, including Roland TR-808 clave rhythms, and old school hip hop elements, including E-mu SP-1200-styled drums and turntable scratches. Music writers characterize the album's music and beats as "clanky" and "mechanical". Roni Sarig of Rolling Stone comments that the music shows "clear debts to East Coast bohos like the Native Tongues and a West Coast level of attention to live instruments and smooth, irresistible melodies". In Oliver Wang's Classic Material, music writer Tony Green delineates the album's release "at the tail end of a second hip-hop 'golden age,' a two-year period (1993–94) that spawned Wu-Tang's Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers), Snoop Dogg's Doggystyle, De La Soul's Buhloone Mindstate, Nas's Illmatic, and A Tribe Called Quest's Midnight Marauders", and comments that "like many albums released during that period, Southernplayalistic alluded to its roots ... while clearing the way for a new direction that used the peach cobbler soul funk of the Organized Noize production crew as a starting point."

With the album, Outkast wanted to make a statement about urban life as an African American in the South, particularly Atlanta. Written when they were teenagers, much of the album addresses coming of age topics, and has themes of self-empowerment and reflections on life in the New South. Encyclopedia of Popular Music editor Colin Larkin writes that the album "compris[es] tales of the streets of their local East Point and Decatur neighbourhoods". The album's segue tracks illustrate Southern life. The lyrics incorporate tongue-twisters, triplet rhyme schemes, repetitive vocal hooks, Southern slang, such as the recurring phrase "ain't no thang but a chicken wing" repeated throughout "Ain't No Thang". The duo also intersperse their lyrics with references to classic cars, marijuana use, pimps, and players, which Big Boi defines as "somebody who can take care of they business in the game, the game of life". His flow is frenetic and has a rapid delivery, while André 3000 raps in a more relaxed cadence, with staccato rhymes, and occasionally sings on the album. Writer Martin C. Strong views that both rappers' "lyrical panache" on the album has an "ebb and flow" similar to Kool Keith and Del the Funky Homosapien.

The song "Call of da Wild" discusses the temptation to drop out of school, while "Git Up, Git Out" encourages teenagers to follow their passions, be productive, and stop using drugs. The latter is an intertextual track that mixes themes of consciousness and political awareness with images of violence, sex, drugs, and gangsta culture. It features guest rapper Cee Lo Green exploring perspectives of both man child and maternal figure. "Funky Ride" has no rappers and is instead sung by R&B group Society of Soul, a side project of Organized Noize. It has an extended guitar solo and musical similarities to Funkadelic and Bootsy Collins. "Crumblin' Erb" explores themes of hedonism and addresses black-on-black violence and the negative effect it has on African-American culture: "There's only so much time left in this crazy world / I'm just crumblin' erb / Niggas killin' niggas, they don't understand (it's the master plan), I'm just crumblin' erb"

Marketing and sales
The album's lead single, "Player's Ball", was released on November 19, 1993, Originally intended as a Christmas release, it featured the sound of sleigh bells in its original mix, but it was removed once the single began receiving more airplay. The single received its highest exposure in February 1994 with heavy airplay and promotion, including a music video directed by Sean "Puffy" Combs. Combs had received a copy of the single from LaFace founder L.A. Reid and invited Outkast to New York to perform as an opening act for The Notorious B.I.G. By March, the single had sold 500,000 copies and risen to number one on the Billboard Hot Rap Singles, topping the chart for six weeks. Its popularity among young black college students during Freaknik increased its sales and helped it break into the Top 40, a rare achievement for a hip hop song at the time. "Player's Ball" spent 20 weeks and peaked at number 37 on the Billboard Hot 100. On May 12, 1994, it was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in the United States. The single helped create buzz for the album.

LaFace released Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik on April 26, 1994. On May 14, it peaked at number 20 on the US Billboard 200. The album ultimately spent 26 weeks on the chart. It also reached number three on the Billboard Top R&B Albums, remaining on the chart for 50 weeks. By June, the album had sold 500,000 copies. The album's sales increased after Outkast's appearance at the 1995 Source Awards in January. On April 5, 1995, Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik was certified platinum by the RIAA, for shipments of one million copies in the US. By August, it had sold 715,000 copies, according to Nielsen SoundScan. The album was reissued by LaFace in September 1998.

Neither of the album's next two singles performed as well. The title track was released in July 1994, reaching number 74 on the Billboard Hot 100 in August. Its music video was directed by F. Gary Gray. "Git Up, Git Out" was released in October. It only charted on the Billboard Hot R&B Singles, peaking at number 59.

Critical reception
Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik was met with generally positive reviews. James Bernard of Entertainment Weekly preferred the album's Southern hip hop over "Arrested Development's suspiciously peppy, idealized version of down-home" and stated, "it's about time someone told today's weed-obsessed youth to 'get up, get out and get something/Don't spend all your time trying to get high.'" Dennis Hunt of the Los Angeles Times cited "Git Up, Git Out" as the album's highlight and commended the duo's "sauntering, hard-core tales of the 'hood", writing that they "bristle with clever humor and sharp insights rather than rage." Rob Marriott of The Source complimented the duo's "organic" P-Funk influence and praised their lyrics' honesty, commenting that "while their rhyme style may swing a little too close to Hiero for my comfort, what really makes this album so listenable is that ... truthfulness reigns." However, Robert Christgau dismissed the album as a "dud" in his consumer guide for The Village Voice.

Despite the album's success, some reacted negatively to the musical style, particularly hip-hop tastemakers. At the 1995 Source Awards, Outkast won in the "Best Newcomer" category, but were booed upon taking the stage and delivering their acceptance speech; Big Boi managed to deliver his shout outs, while André 3000 was nervous and only said, "The South got somethin' to say." The latter recalled how the album was received by some listeners, "People thought that the South basically only had bass music. At first people were looking at us like 'Um, I don't know.'" Hip hop magnate Russell Simmons reacted negatively to the album at the time, but later expressed regret and said of the album in retrospect, "At the time, I didn't understand their music—it sounds so different from what I was used to that I foolishly ... claim[ed] that they 'weren't hip-hop.' The same way people didn't understand 'Sucker MCs' a decade earlier, I didn't understand that instead of operating outside of hip-hop, OutKast was actually expanding hip-hop. They were offering one of the most honest expressions, and expression so honest that it went completely over my head at first."

In retrospect, Christgau remarked, "If Dre and Big Boi were addressing real 'real life situations' on Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik or ATLiens, they were drawling too unreconstructedly for any Yankee to tell." Steve Juon of RapReviews was more receptive, calling it "a stellar debut album", albeit with some musical flaws, including the "monotonous bassline and chorus" of "D.E.E.P.", the "out of place" "Funky Ride", and the album's segue tracks. Music journalist Peter Shapiro found its production "rich, deep and detailed, but never as seductive or crowd-pleasing as Dr. Dre's" and commended the album as "a melancholy depiction of the game that never shied away from its consequences". Although he found "occasional dull and mediocre spots", AllMusic editor Stanton Swihart called the album "an extremely strong showing" and praised the duo's "inventive sense of rhyme flow" and "mixture of lyrical acuity, goofball humor, Southern drawl, funky timing, and legitimate offbeat personalities."

Legacy and influence

After the album was certified platinum, LaFace Records gave Outkast more creative control and advanced money for their 1996 follow-up album ATLiens. After acquiring their own recording studio, the duo immediately started working on new material and assimilated themselves with music recording and studio equipment, as they sought to become more ambitious artists and less dependent on other producers. The two also became more accustomed to playing live, particularly Big Boi, and André 3000 significantly changed his lifestyle, as he adopted a more eccentric fashion sense, became a vegetarian, and stopped smoking marijuana. The album's success also opened up more opportunities for Organized Noize, who subsequently worked on TLC's CrazySexyCool (1994). The Organized Noize-produced hit "Waterfalls" became a massive success and earned the production team enough clout with LaFace to endorse Goodie Mob to the label. Organized Noize produced Goodie Mob's acclaimed 1995 debut Soul Food and continued their crossover into R&B production, including work on Curtis Mayfield's 1997 album New World Order.

Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik was a seminal album for Southern hip hop. During the early 1990s, the scene was largely discredited by the rest of the hip-hop community as misogynistic and inferior to other scenes, particularly East Coast and West Coast hip hop. Those scenes dominated the hip-hop market, and acts from other regional scenes were often produced by either East Coast or West Coast producers. The album offered an artistically credible alternative, both musically and lyrically, to those regional scenes and was produced by an Atlanta-based production team. Music journalist T. Hasan Johnson notes "Outkast's first submission to the music industry" as significant for how they "broke from the binary production options split by California and New York artists", viewing that their decision to boast their region and a native production team "signaled a break from the conventional split between East and West hip hop aesthetics and openly demonstrated that the South could produce street-certified, quality music." Nicole Hodges Persley cites its release as a critical moment in hip hop and writes that it "marked a break in bicoastal hip hop sound".

The album presaged hip hop's "Dirty South" aesthetic, which later achieved mainstream recognition. Its smooth musical style, drawing on soul and funk musical traditions, and the duo's clever lyrics helped define Southern hip hop's sound, which influenced acts like Goodie Mob, Joi, and Bubba Sparxxx. In The New Rolling Stone Album Guide, Rolling Stone journalist Roni Sarig writes that the album "marked a coming out for a region that would dominate hip-hop by the decade's end", commenting that, with it, Outkast "helped define a new stream of hip-hop that would rejuvenate the music in the late '90s and early 2000s." AllMusic's Stanton Swihart comments that "no one sounded like OutKast in 1994" and that the album showcased Organized Noize as it "began forging one of the most distinctive production sounds in popular music in the '90s".

Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik was also a significant release in the burgeoning "Hotlanta" music scene. The scene started as a Black music revival in Atlanta during the late 1980s, and developed with the success of LaFace Records and the national attention received by Atlanta-based recording artists and producers such as Toni Braxton, Kris Kross, Jermaine Dupri, and Babyface. With the album, Outkast offered realistic depictions of the city while avoiding Arrested Development's Afrocentric themes and the more mainstream stylings of Dupri. "Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik was as accessible as Atlanta rap had been up until that point, paving the way for your favorite rappers of the 2000s, from Ludacris to T.I. to Jeezy", according to Cleveland.com, which later ranked it as the 45th best hip hop album from the 1990s. "Outkast would make better albums (a few, actually). But, perhaps, none were more important." It was also named the third best album of 1994 in Ego trip's list of "Hip Hop's 25 Greatest Albums by Year 1980–98", while Vibe included it as one of the "150 Essential Albums of the Vibe Era (1992–2007)". Vibe later included the album on a 2004 list of "51 Essential Albums" that represent "a generation, a sound, and in many cases, a movement", writing that "[OutKast] determined the South had something to say, and after emerging from the Dungeon production lab, they said it all, sometimes sang it all—pointedly, funkdafied, and putting on absolutely no East Coast pretense. Classic."

Track listing
All tracks are produced by Organized Noize.

Notes
 * "Ain't No Thang" contains a sample of Sivad by Miles Davis
 * "Funky Ride" is sung by Society of Soul.
 * "Flim Flam (Interlude)" contains a sample of "Ghetto Head Hunta" by P.A.

Personnel
Information is taken from the album credits.

 * André – composer, rapper
 * Brandon Bennett – background vocals
 * Big Boi – composer, rapper
 * Big Gipp – composer, rapper
 * Leslie Brathwaite – mixing assistant
 * Sleepy Brown – background vocals, organ, piano
 * Cee-Lo – background vocals, composer, rapper
 * Preston Crump – bass
 * Jonnie "Most" Davis – mixing
 * Sean "Shy Boy" Davis – engineer
 * Kenny "Babyface" Edmonds – executive producer
 * John Frye – mixing assistant
 * Goodie Mob – performer
 * Mark Hawley – assistant engineer
 * Tony "T-Bone" Hightower – background vocals
 * Marq Jefferson – bass
 * Debra Killings – background vocals
 * Craig Love – guitar
 * Jon Marett – engineer
 * Mr. DJ – scratches
 * NHP Sound, Inc. – engineer, mixing
 * Organized Noize – composer, drum programming, keyboards, mixing, producer
 * Kevin Parker – mixing assistant
 * Peaches – vocals
 * Antonio "L.A." Reid – executive producer
 * Society of Soul – performer
 * Jeff Sparks – saxophone
 * Alvin Speights – mixing
 * Christopher Stern – artwork
 * Edward Stroud – guitar
 * T-Mo – composer, rapper
 * Rico Wade – organ, piano
 * John "Bernasky" Wall – mixing assistant
 * Timothy White – photography
 * Colin Wolfe – bass
 * Kenneth Wright – organ, piano

title: Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik


text:
Federal question jurisdiction

In United States law, federal question jurisdiction is a type of subject-matter jurisdiction that gives United States federal courts the power to hear civil cases where the plaintiff alleges a violation of the United States Constitution, federal law, or a treaty to which the United States is a party. The federal question jurisdiction statute is codified at.

Statute
"The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States."

Overview
Article III of the United States Constitution permits federal courts to hear such cases, so long as the United States Congress passes a statute to that effect. However, when Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789, which authorized the newly created federal courts to hear such cases, it initially chose not to allow the lower federal courts to possess federal question jurisdiction for fear that it would make the courts too powerful. The Federalists briefly created such jurisdiction in the Judiciary Act of 1801, but it was repealed the following year, and not restored until 1875.

Unlike diversity jurisdiction, which is based on the parties coming from different states, federal question jurisdiction no longer has any amount in controversy requirement. Congress eliminated the requirement in actions against the United States in 1976 and in all federal question cases in 1980. Therefore, a federal court can hear a federal question case even if no money is sought by the plaintiff.

To meet the requirement of a case "arising under" federal law, the federal question must appear on the face of the plaintiff's complaint. There has been considerable dispute over what constitutes a "federal question" in these circumstances, but it is now settled law that the plaintiff cannot seek the jurisdiction of a federal court merely because it anticipates that the defendant is going to raise a defense based on the Constitution, or on a federal statute. This "well-pleaded complaint" rule has been criticized by legal scholars, but Congress has so far chosen not to change the law, although the Supreme Court has made clear it is free to do so.

Related cases
Eight years after Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company v. Mottley, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes established the Holmes Test in American Well Works Co. v. Layne & Bowler Co. The opinion delivered for the court included the phrase: "A suit arises under the law that creates the cause of action." For almost a hundred years this test was the foundation for federal question qualification under § 1331 until the Supreme Court modified it in Mims v. Arrow Financial Services (2012) to be whether “federal law creates [both] a private right of action and furnishes the substantive rules of decision.”

title: Federal question jurisdiction