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AC power

In an electric circuit, instantaneous power is the time rate of flow of energy past a given point of the circuit. In alternating current circuits, energy storage elements such as inductors and capacitors may result in periodic reversals of the direction of energy flow. Its SI unit is the watt.

The portion of instantaneous power that, averaged over a complete cycle of the AC waveform, results in net transfer of energy in one direction is known as instantaneous active power, and its time average is known as active power or real power. The portion of instantaneous power that results in no net transfer of energy but instead oscillates between the source and load in each cycle due to stored energy is known as instantaneous reactive power, and its amplitude is the absolute value of reactive power.

Active, reactive, apparent, and complex power in sinusoidal steady-state
In a simple alternating current (AC) circuit consisting of a source and a linear time-invariant load, both the current and voltage are sinusoidal at the same frequency. If the load is purely resistive, the two quantities reverse their polarity at the same time. Hence, the instantaneous power, given by the product of voltage and current, is always positive, such that the direction of energy flow does not reverse and always is toward the resistor. In this case, only active power is transferred.

If the load is purely reactive, then the voltage and current are 90 degrees out of phase. For two quarters of each cycle, the product of voltage and current is positive, but for the other two quarters, the product is negative, indicating that on average, exactly as much energy flows into the load as flows back out. There is no net energy flow over each half cycle. In this case, only reactive power flows: There is no net transfer of energy to the load; however, electrical power does flow along the wires and returns by flowing in reverse along the same wires. The current required for this reactive power flow dissipates energy in the line resistance, even if the ideal load device consumes no energy itself. Practical loads have resistance as well as inductance, or capacitance, so both active and reactive powers will flow to normal loads.

Apparent power is the product of the RMS values of voltage and current. Apparent power is taken into account when designing and operating power systems, because although the current associated with reactive power does no work at the load, it still must be supplied by the power source. Conductors, transformers and generators must be sized to carry the total current, not just the current that does useful work. Insufficient reactive power can depress voltage levels on an electrical grid and, under certain operating conditions, collapse the network (a blackout). Another consequence is that adding the apparent power for two loads will not accurately give the total power unless they have the same phase difference between current and voltage (the same power factor).

Conventionally, capacitors are treated as if they generate reactive power, and inductors are treated as if they consume it. If a capacitor and an inductor are placed in parallel, then the currents flowing through the capacitor and the inductor tend to cancel rather than add. This is the fundamental mechanism for controlling the power factor in electric power transmission; capacitors (or inductors) are inserted in a circuit to partially compensate for reactive power 'consumed' ('generated') by the load. Purely capacitive circuits supply reactive power with the current waveform leading the voltage waveform by 90 degrees, while purely inductive circuits absorb reactive power with the current waveform lagging the voltage waveform by 90 degrees. The result of this is that capacitive and inductive circuit elements tend to cancel each other out.

Engineers use the following terms to describe energy flow in a system (and assign each of them a different unit to differentiate between them):
 * Active power, P, or real power: watt (W);
 * Reactive power, Q: volt-ampere reactive (var);
 * Complex power, S: volt-ampere (VA);
 * Apparent power, |S|: the magnitude of complex power S: volt-ampere (VA);
 * Phase of voltage relative to current, φ: the angle of difference (in degrees) between current and voltage; $$\varphi=\arg(V)-\arg(I)$$. Current lagging voltage (quadrant I vector), current leading voltage (quadrant IV vector).

These are all denoted in the adjacent diagram (called a power triangle).

In the diagram, P is the active power, Q is the reactive power (in this case positive), S is the complex power and the length of S is the apparent power. Reactive power does not do any work, so it is represented as the imaginary axis of the vector diagram. Active power does do work, so it is the real axis.

The unit for power is the watt (symbol: W). Apparent power is often expressed in volt-amperes (VA) since it is the product of RMS voltage and RMS current. The unit for reactive power is var, which stands for volt-ampere reactive. Since reactive power transfers no net energy to the load, it is sometimes called "wattless" power. It does, however, serve an important function in electrical grids and its lack has been cited as a significant factor in the Northeast blackout of 2003. Understanding the relationship among these three quantities lies at the heart of understanding power engineering. The mathematical relationship among them can be represented by vectors or expressed using complex numbers, S = P + j Q (where j is the imaginary unit).

Calculations and equations in sinusoidal steady-state
The formula for complex power (units: VA) in phasor form is:

 * $$S=VI^*=|S|\angle\varphi$$,

where V denotes voltage in phasor form, with the amplitude as RMS, and I denotes current in phasor form, with the amplitude as RMS. Also by convention, the complex conjugate of I is used, which is denoted $$I^*$$ (or $$\overline I$$), rather than I itself. This is done because otherwise using the product V I to define S would result in a quantity that depends on the reference angle chosen for V or I, but defining S as V I* results in a quantity that doesn't depend on the reference angle and allows to relate S to P and Q.

Other forms of complex power (units in volt-amps, VA) are derived from Z, the load impedance (units in ohms, Ω).

 * $$S=|I|^2 Z= \frac{|V|^2}{Z^*}$$.

Consequentially, with reference to the power triangle, real power (units in watts, W) is derived as:

 * $$ P=|S|\cos{\varphi}=|I|^2 R=\frac{|V|^2}{|Z|^2} \times{R}$$.

For a purely resistive load, real power can be simplified to:

 * $$ P = \frac{|V|^2}{R}$$.

R denotes resistance (units in ohms, Ω) of the load.

Reactive power (units in volts-amps-reactive, var) is derived as:

 * $$Q=|S|\sin{\varphi}=|I|^2 X=\frac{|V|^2}{|Z|^2} \times{X}$$.

For a purely reactive load, reactive power can be simplified to:

 * $$ Q = \frac{|V|^2}{X}$$,

where X denotes reactance (units in ohms, Ω) of the load.

Combining, the complex power (units in volt-amps, VA) is back-derived as

 * $$S=P+jQ$$,

and the apparent power (units in volt-amps, VA) as

 * $$|S|=\sqrt{P^2+Q^2}$$.

These are simplified diagrammatically by the power triangle.

Power factor
The ratio of active power to apparent power in a circuit is called the power factor. For two systems transmitting the same amount of active power, the system with the lower power factor will have higher circulating currents due to energy that returns to the source from energy storage in the load. These higher currents produce higher losses and reduce overall transmission efficiency. A lower power factor circuit will have a higher apparent power and higher losses for the same amount of active power. The power factor is 1.0 when the voltage and current are in phase. It is zero when the current leads or lags the voltage by 90 degrees. When the voltage and current are 180 degrees out of phase, the power factor is negative one, and the load is feeding energy into the source (an example would be a home with solar cells on the roof that feed power into the power grid when the sun is shining). Power factors are usually stated as "leading" or "lagging" to show the sign of the phase angle of current with respect to voltage. Voltage is designated as the base to which current angle is compared, meaning that current is thought of as either "leading" or "lagging" voltage. Where the waveforms are purely sinusoidal, the power factor is the cosine of the phase angle ($$\varphi$$) between the current and voltage sinusoidal waveforms. Equipment data sheets and nameplates will often abbreviate power factor as "$$\cos \phi$$" for this reason.

Example: The active power is 700 W and the phase angle between voltage and current is 45.6°. The power factor is cos(45.6°) = 0.700. The apparent power is then: 700 W / cos(45.6°) = 1000 VA. The concept of power dissipation in AC circuit is explained and illustrated with the example.

For instance, a power factor of 0.68 means that only 68 percent of the total current supplied (in magnitude) is actually doing work; the remaining current does no work at the load. Power Factor is very important in Power sector substations. Form the national grid the sub sectors are required to have minimum amount of power factor. Otherwise there are many loss. Mainly the required vary around 0.90 to 0.96 or more. Better the power factor less the loss.

Reactive power
In a direct current circuit, the power flowing to the load is proportional to the product of the current through the load and the potential drop across the load. The power that happens because of a capacitor or inductor is called reactive power. It happens because of the AC nature of elements like inductors and capacitors. Energy flows in one direction from the source to the load. In AC power, the voltage and current both vary approximately sinusoidally. When there is inductance or capacitance in the circuit, the voltage and current waveforms do not line up perfectly. The power flow has two components – one component flows from source to load and can perform work at the load; the other portion, known as "reactive power", is due to the delay between voltage and current, known as phase angle, and cannot do useful work at the load. It can be thought of as current that is arriving at the wrong time (too late or too early). To distinguish reactive power from active power, it is measured in units of "volt-amperes reactive", or var. These units can simplify to watts but are left as var to denote that they represent no actual work output.

Energy stored in capacitive or inductive elements of the network gives rise to reactive power flow. Reactive power flow strongly influences the voltage levels across the network. Voltage levels and reactive power flow must be carefully controlled to allow a power system to be operated within acceptable limits. A technique known as reactive compensation is used to reduce apparent power flow to a load by reducing reactive power supplied from transmission lines and providing it locally. For example, to compensate an inductive load, a shunt capacitor is installed close to the load itself. This allows all reactive power needed by the load to be supplied by the capacitor and not have to be transferred over the transmission lines. This practice saves energy because it reduces the amount of energy that is required to be produced by the utility to do the same amount of work. Additionally, it allows for more efficient transmission line designs using smaller conductors or fewer bundled conductors and optimizing the design of transmission towers.

Capacitive vs. inductive loads
Stored energy in the magnetic or electric field of a load device, such as a motor or capacitor, causes an offset between the current and the voltage waveforms. A capacitor is a device that stores energy in the form of an electric field. As current is driven through the capacitor, charge build-up causes an opposing voltage to develop across the capacitor. This voltage increases until some maximum dictated by the capacitor structure. In an AC network, the voltage across a capacitor is constantly changing. The capacitor opposes this change, causing the current to lead the voltage in phase. Capacitors are said to "source" reactive power, and thus to cause a leading power factor.

Induction machines are some of the most common types of loads in the electric power system today. These machines use inductors, or large coils of wire to store energy in the form of a magnetic field. When a voltage is initially placed across the coil, the inductor strongly resists this change in a current and magnetic field, which causes a time delay for the current to reach its maximum value. This causes the current to lag behind the voltage in phase. Inductors are said to "sink" reactive power, and thus to cause a lagging power factor. Induction generators can source or sink reactive power, and provide a measure of control to system operators over reactive power flow and thus voltage. Because these devices have opposite effects on the phase angle between voltage and current, they can be used to "cancel out" each other's effects. This usually takes the form of capacitor banks being used to counteract the lagging power factor caused by induction motors.

Reactive power control
Transmission connected generators are generally required to support reactive power flow. For example, on the United Kingdom transmission system, generators are required by the Grid Code Requirements to supply their rated power between the limits of 0.85 power factor lagging and 0.90 power factor leading at the designated terminals. The system operator will perform switching actions to maintain a secure and economical voltage profile while maintaining a reactive power balance equation:

 * $$\mathrm{Generator\ MVARs + System\ gain + Shunt\ capacitors = MVAR\ Demand + Reactive\ losses + Shunt\ reactors}$$

The "system gain" is an important source of reactive power in the above power balance equation, which is generated by the capacitative nature of the transmission network itself. By making decisive switching actions in the early morning before the demand increases, the system gain can be maximized early on, helping to secure the system for the whole day. To balance the equation some pre-fault reactive generator use will be required. Other sources of reactive power that will also be used include shunt capacitors, shunt reactors, static VAR compensators and voltage control circuits.

Unbalanced sinusoidal polyphase systems
While active power and reactive power are well defined in any system, the definition of apparent power for unbalanced polyphase systems is considered to be one of the most controversial topics in power engineering. Originally, apparent power arose merely as a figure of merit. Major delineations of the concept are attributed to Stanley's Phenomena of Retardation in the Induction Coil (1888) and Steinmetz's Theoretical Elements of Engineering (1915). However, with the development of three phase power distribution, it became clear that the definition of apparent power and the power factor could not be applied to unbalanced polyphase systems. In 1920, a "Special Joint Committee of the AIEE and the National Electric Light Association" met to resolve the issue. They considered two definitions.
 * $$S_A = |S_\mathrm{a}| + |S_\mathrm{b}| + |S_\mathrm{c}|$$
 * $$\mathrm{pf}_A = {P_\mathrm{a} + P_\mathrm{b} + P_\mathrm{c} \over S_A}$$,

that is, the arithmetic sum of the phase apparent powers; and
 * $$S_V = |P_\mathrm{a} + P_\mathrm{b} + P_\mathrm{c} + j(Q_\mathrm{a} + Q_\mathrm{b} + Q_\mathrm{c})|$$
 * $$\mathrm{pf}_V = {P_\mathrm{a} + P_\mathrm{b} + P_\mathrm{c} \over S_V}$$,

that is, the magnitude of total three-phase complex power.

The 1920 committee found no consensus and the topic continued to dominate discussions. In 1930, another committee formed and once again failed to resolve the question. The transcripts of their discussions are the lengthiest and most controversial ever published by the AIEE. Further resolution of this debate did not come until the late 1990s.

A new definition based on symmetrical components theory was proposed in 1993 by Alexander Emanuel for unbalanced linear load supplied with asymmetrical sinusoidal voltages:
 * $$S = \sqrt{ \left( |V_\mathrm{a}^2| + |V_\mathrm{b}^2| + |V_\mathrm{c}^2| \right ) \left ( |I_\mathrm{a}^2| + |I_\mathrm{b}^2| + |I_\mathrm{c}^2| \right )}$$
 * $$\mathrm{pf} = {P^+ \over S}$$,

that is, the root of squared sums of line voltages multiplied by the root of squared sums of line currents. $$P^+$$ denotes the positive sequence power:
 * $$P^+ = 3 |V^+| |I^+| \cos{(\arg{(V^+)} - \arg{(I^+)})}$$

$$V^+$$ denotes the positive sequence voltage phasor, and $$I^+$$ denotes the positive sequence current phasor.

Real number formulas
A perfect resistor stores no energy; so current and voltage are in phase. Therefore, there is no reactive power and $$P=S$$ (using the passive sign convention). Therefore, for a perfect resistor
 * $$P = S = V_\mathrm{RMS} I_\mathrm{RMS} = I_\mathrm{RMS}^2 R = \frac{V_\mathrm{RMS}^2} {R}\,\!$$.

For a perfect capacitor or inductor, there is no net power transfer; so all power is reactive. Therefore, for a perfect capacitor or inductor:
 * $$\begin{align}

P &= 0 \\ Q &= |S| = V_\mathrm{RMS} I_\mathrm{RMS} = I_\mathrm{RMS}^2 |X| = \frac{V_\mathrm{RMS}^2}{|X|} \end{align}$$.

where $$X$$ is the reactance of the capacitor or inductor.

If $$X$$ is defined as being positive for an inductor and negative for a capacitor, then the modulus signs can be removed from S and X and get
 * $$Q = I_\mathrm{RMS}^2 X = \frac{V_\mathrm{RMS}^2} {X}$$.

Instantaneous power is defined as:
 * $$p(t) = v(t) \, i(t)$$,

where $$v(t)$$ and $$i(t)$$ are the time-varying voltage and current waveforms.

This definition is useful because it applies to all waveforms, whether they are sinusoidal or not. This is particularly useful in power electronics, where non-sinusoidal waveforms are common.

In general, engineers are interested in the active power averaged over a period of time, whether it is a low frequency line cycle or a high frequency power converter switching period. The simplest way to get that result is to take the integral of the instantaneous calculation over the desired period:
 * $$P_\text{avg} = \frac{1}{t_2 - t_1}\int_{t_1}^{t_2} v(t) \, i(t) \, \mathrm dt$$.

This method of calculating the average power gives the active power regardless of harmonic content of the waveform. In practical applications, this would be done in the digital domain, where the calculation becomes trivial when compared to the use of rms and phase to determine active power:
 * $$ P_\text{avg} = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{k=1}^n V[k]I[k] $$.

Multiple frequency systems
Since an RMS value can be calculated for any waveform, apparent power can be calculated from this. For active power it would at first appear that it would be necessary to calculate many product terms and average all of them. However, looking at one of these product terms in more detail produces a very interesting result.
 * $$\begin{align}

&A\cos(\omega_1t+k_1)\cos(\omega_2t + k_2) \\ = {} &\frac{A}{2}\cos\left[\left(\omega_1t + k_1\right) + \left(\omega_2t + k_2\right)\right] + \frac{A}{2}\cos\left[\left(\omega_1t + k_1\right) - \left(\omega_2t + k_2\right)\right] \\ = {} &\frac{A}{2}\cos\left[\left(\omega_1 + \omega_2\right)t + k_1 + k_2\right] + \frac{A}{2}\cos\left[\left(\omega_1 - \omega_2\right)t + k_1 - k_2\right] \end{align}$$

However, the time average of a function of the form cos(ωt + k) is zero provided that ω is nonzero. Therefore, the only product terms that have a nonzero average are those where the frequency of voltage and current match. In other words, it is possible to calculate active (average) power by simply treating each frequency separately and adding up the answers. Furthermore, if voltage of the mains supply is assumed to be a single frequency (which it usually is), this shows that harmonic currents are a bad thing. They will increase the RMS current (since there will be non-zero terms added) and therefore apparent power, but they will have no effect on the active power transferred. Hence, harmonic currents will reduce the power factor. Harmonic currents can be reduced by a filter placed at the input of the device. Typically this will consist of either just a capacitor (relying on parasitic resistance and inductance in the supply) or a capacitor-inductor network. An active power factor correction circuit at the input would generally reduce the harmonic currents further and maintain the power factor closer to unity.

title: AC power


text:
State Games of America

The State Games of America is a biennial amateur multi-sport event held in North America. It is organized by the National Congress of State Games. Athletes qualify for the Games by earning a medal in their respective State Games in the previous two years. Typically, over 12,000 athletes compete in the Games each time they are held.

Sports contested
In 2011, athletes participated in 24 different sports in San Diego, California:

 * Archery
 * Badminton
 * Baseball
 * Basketball
 * BMX
 * Bowling
 * Figure Skating
 * Gymnastics
 * Judo
 * Jr. Lifeguards
 * Karate
 * Power Lifting

 * Skateboarding
 * Soccer
 * Softball (Girls Fast Pitch)
 * Surfing
 * Swimming
 * Synchronised swimming
 * Table Tennis
 * Taekwondo
 * Track and Field
 * Water Polo
 * Weightlifting
 * Wrestling

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: State Games of America


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HyTime

HyTime (Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language) is a markup language that is an application of SGML. HyTime defines a set of hypertext-oriented element types that, in effect, supplement SGML and allow SGML document authors to build hypertext and multimedia presentations in a standardized way.

HyTime is an international standard published by the ISO and IEC. The first edition was published in 1992, and the second edition was published in 1997.

Legacy
Some of the concepts formalized in HyTime were later incorporated into HTML and XML:

 * HTML is an application of SGML for hypertext document presentations, that assigns specific semantics and processing expectations to a fixed set of element types.
 * XML defines a simplified subset of SGML that focuses on providing an open vocabulary of element types for data modeling and establishes precise expectations for how the marked-up data is read and subsequently fed to another software application for further processing, but does not assign semantics to the element types or establish expectations for how the data is processed.
 * XLink was intended as a simplified version of HyTime for use in the XML world, but has not seen much adoption.
 * Work on applying HyTime to back-of-book indexes eventually led to the development of Topic Maps, which eventually became far more successful in its own right than HyTime ever was.

Standard
The HyTime standard itself is ISO/IEC 10744, first published in 1992 and available from the International Organization for Standardization. It was developed by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 (ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 34 - Document description and processing languages).

title: HyTime


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Chelsea Piers

Chelsea Piers is a series of piers in Chelsea, on the West Side of Manhattan in New York City. Located to the west of the West Side Highway (Eleventh Avenue) and Hudson River Park and to the east of the Hudson River, they were originally a passenger ship terminal in the early 1900s that was used by the RMS Lusitania and was the destination of the RMS Carpathia after rescuing the survivors of the RMS Titanic. The piers replaced a variety of run-down waterfront structures with a row of grand buildings embellished with pink granite facades.

The piers are currently used by the Chelsea Piers Sports & Entertainment Complex. The Complex is a 28-acre waterfront sports village located between 17th and 23rd Streets along Manhattan's Hudson River. This privately financed project opened in 1995. Situated on Piers 59, 60 and 61 and in the head house that connects them, the complex features the Golf Club, a multi-story driving range; the Field House, which contains numerous sports and training facilities; Sky Rink, which has two full-sized ice rinks; the Chelsea Piers Fitness health club; Bowlero at Chelsea Piers, a bowling alley; and Sunset Terrace, a venue that hosts weddings and other events. The complex also includes several event centers; the Studios film and television production facilities; and the Maritime Center marina for mooring private boats.

Development and construction
Historically, the term Chelsea Piers referred to the ocean liner berths on Manhattan's west side from 1910 to the 1930s. With ocean liners such as Lusitania becoming larger in size, New York City was looking for a new passenger ship dock in the early 1900s. The Army, which controls the location and size of piers, refused to let any piers extend beyond the existing pierhead line of the North River (the navigation name for the Hudson River south of 30th Street). Ship lines were reluctant to build north of 23rd Street because infrastructure was already in place, including the New York Central railway line and a ferry station near the river at 23rd Street.

Part of the waterfront had been infilled in 1837, extending Manhattan to 13th Avenue, but the city government took over the infilled land and converted most of it into piers. The controversial decision included condemning many businesses. The city was unable to condemn the West Washington Street Market, which remained infilled. The market ultimately closed and the dock was converted to a sanitation facility that was used to load garbage barges headed for the Fresh Kills Landfill. The only section of 13th Avenue that remains is behind the sanitation facility, now a parking lot for sanitation trucks. That section is now called the Gansevoort Peninsula.

The new piers were designed by the architectural firm of Warren and Wetmore, which also designed Grand Central Terminal. Under contracts let by the New York City Department of Dock and Ferries, the Chelsea Section Improvement, as it was officially called, replaced a hodgepodge of run-down waterfront structures with a row of grand buildings embellished with pink granite facades and formed the docking points for the rival Cunard and White Star Lines.

Early 20th century
Most of the major trans-Atlantic liners of the day docked at the piers and they played pivotal roles in the RMS Titanic and RMS Lusitania disasters. The two most memorable moments for the pier were with the Lusitania and Titanic. The RMS Lusitania left her Cunard Pier 54 in 1915 before being torpedoed by German submarine U-20. The RMS Titanic was destined for the White Star pier 59 when she sank. Survivors were rescued on Cunard's RMS Carpathia. The Carpathia dropped off the Titanic lifeboats at Pier 59 before going back south to Pier 54, where she unloaded the passengers and survivors. Thousands of people assembled at the dock to greet the ship.

During the summer of 1920, a dramatic rally was organized on July 31 at the White Star Line docks. This was to send off Daniel Mannix, the Irish born Archbishop of Melbourne, Australia who had been outspoken on the English rule in Ireland, and successfully led anti conscription campaigns during WW1. A reported 15,000 New Yorkers turned up at Pier 60 at the foot of West 20th street to make sure Lloyd George would allow Mannix passage to Ireland.

A luxury liner row was built between West 44th and West 52nd Street to handle larger liners in the 1930s. After New York moved its luxury liner piers to the New York Cruise Terminal between West 46th and West 54th Street in 1935 to accommodate bigger ships such as the RMS Queen Mary and the SS Normandie, the Chelsea piers became a cargo terminal. During World War II the piers were used to deploy troops. The piers had catastrophic fires in 1932 and 1947 that destroyed some of the south piers. New construction resulted in new cargo piers used by the United States Lines and Grace line.

In July 1936, Jesse Owens and the United States Olympic team depart on the SS Manhattan from Pier 60 for the Summer Games in Berlin, Germany.

Late 20th century
In the 1980s, plans circulated to replace the West Side Elevated Highway with an at grade highway going along the West Side south of 42nd Street. The plan called for the highway to run over demolished piers. The superstructure of Pier 54 was demolished in 1991 except for the archway entrance (along with the White Star and Cunard signage). The plan (dubbed the Westway) was abandoned after court cases said the new highway would jeopardize striped bass.

Following the demise of Westway, development of the West Side Highway evolved into two parts: a public/private partnership that evolved into the upper piers being used for recreational purposes. The southern piers are now part of the Hudson River Park while the northern piers make up the Chelsea Piers Sports & Entertainment Complex. Construction of the complex began on July 12, 1994 in ceremonies attended by New York Governor Mario Cuomo, New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani, and Manhattan Borough President Ruth Messinger. The complex opened in August 1995.

After the collapse of the World Trade Center due to the September 11 attacks, EMS triage centers were quickly relocated and consolidated at the Chelsea Piers and the Staten Island Ferry Whitehall Terminal. The EMS triage center was shut down and disassembled on September 12, 2001, due to a lack of need. An ad hoc volunteer disaster recovery site was run from Chelsea Piers through September 16, 2001. Volunteers assisted with resources for ground zero recovery volunteers: sleeping area, food, and cell phones.

Chelsea Piers Connecticut, the first expansion project of Chelsea Piers, was built in Stamford, Connecticut. The facility opened in July 2012.

Piers 54/55

Pier 54 at 40.74139°N, -74.01°W, part of the historic Chelsea Piers, is associated with the 1912 RMS Titanic and 1915 RMS Lusitania maritime disasters, when it was used by the Cunard Line. It is now part of Hudson River Park. The piers themselves are at Little West 12th Street and the Hudson River in the Meatpacking District/Greenwich Village neighborhood. The pier was also used for troop ships during World War II. After the war it was used as part of the W. R. Grace and Company and United States Lines freight operations.

In 1998 the piers became part of the Hudson River Park. Since then, they have been used for concerts and other events. In 2005, it was the site of The Nomadic Museum's art exhibit housed in shipping containers. Pier 54 was finally shut down in 2011 after it started to collapse.

In the late 2010s and early 2020s, a park called Little Island was built on the site of piers 54 and 55. Plans for the park, originally known as Pier 55, were announced in November 2014. The plans were scrapped in 2017 due to legal trouble and cost overruns. In October 2017, the park plan was revived, and construction of the structure began in April 2018. It was opened on May 21, 2021.

In popular culture
25 movies have been filmed at Chelsea Piers.
 * Chelsea Piers features in the 1978 cult film Times Square, notably in the sequence in which Pamela and Nicki escape from the psychiatric hospital and hide out at Pier 56
 * Chelsea Piers Golf Club was featured in the 2010 Hollywood film The Other Guys, including a high-speed chase scene through the piers and a helicopter landing on the Golf Club's driving range.

Several TV shows have been filmed here:
 * Shows in the Law & Order franchise have been filmed in Chelsea Piers. Both Law & Order and spinoff Law & Order: Criminal Intent were produced on stages here for their entire runs. Law & Order: Special Victims Unit moved into the space occupied by the original series after its cancellation in 2010. On September 14, 2004, a road leading to Pier 62 was renamed "Law & Order Way".
 * The Apprentice filmed three episodes at Chelsea Piers, including 2 finales.
 * The first four seasons of Spin City were shot in studio D on Chelsea Piers.
 * Pier 54 was the site for MTV's reality television program Band in a Bubble in which a popular band (in this case, Cartel) is placed inside a large "bubble" enclosure where they write and record a new album in 20 days while under constant surveillance. Webcams placed strategically inside the building broadcast via internet live images of the band's movements and progress.

Chelsea Piers was the broadcast headquarters for CBS Sports Network.

title: Chelsea Piers


text:
Talk:The Creation of Adam

Hidden Images
I propose an inclusion of a section entitled the above. For example, look at Adam's knee. Some believe that in it one can see the torso of a woman, with her breasts as the top part of Adam's knee. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 152.132.8.197 (talk) 03:12, 19 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I came across this video tracing various heart shapes in the painting: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5jY1_9IgBjk. Honestly, I think you could make out just about anything if you try hard enough. Solomon Ucko (talk) 04:41, 3 December 2023 (UTC)

Brain Theory
Havardk, What exactly is your objection to the inclusion of the brain picture? Kaisershatner 17:52, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The reason I removed the "brain theory" in the first place, is that I find this pretty far fetched. While it may be a funny anecdote, I don't think it is encylopedia material.  I do see that the theory has been published in a serious journal, tough.  With regards to the brain picture, I have no idea about what it is doing here.  Is it to prove this theory in some way?  I still very much think it should be removed. Havardk 17:45, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, we may agree on the validity of the theory. I'm not making any representation that it's valid (neutral point of view), and we can disagree about that without consequences for the article.  I see it as encyclopedia material, since it is an interesting interpretation of the art work, and it may have validity.  I do agree that this would be a more encyclopedic article if it dealt with some of the facts about the work first (ie date of production, how long it took, details about the technique, materials, etc., and any info about the author's choice of this image, etc.), so if you like, add that stuff.  It would end up making the "brain theory" a small part of this article, which would be more consistent with its (small) importance relative to this work.  Finally, the brain pic is there because it graphically illustrates the similarity described in the medical journal in a way that the terminology would not. His penis is unbelievably big and he holds the current world record for the worlds biggest penis.[[User:Kaisershatner|Kaisershatner 16:51, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I made the brain pic a link to the image, for people (like me) who dont want to see a brain picture when coming to an art article. This follows a precedent as used in some articles at wikipedia on sexual type subjects. Astrokey44 12:28, 1 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Please ! Let's become serious... That thesis has absolutly NO LEGITIMACY in art ! :) The brain from a physician... not an expert or critic in Art ! His idea was not published in any magazine of art, or some sort of « serious » (legitim) medium for arts' stuffs. You made wrong, obsessed by the source/NPOV... you forget that a source must be pertinent... in the domain of the subject.
 * What's about new astrophysic theories published by painters in famous art magazine ? ;) Ok... I revert.
 * --Ironie 02:28, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
 * What's about new astrophysic theories published by painters in famous art magazine ? ;) Ok... I revert.
 * --Ironie 02:28, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

It is precsely this kind of CENSORSHIP that is completely WRONG. An encyclopedia contains IDEAS. To eliminate such theories based on your opinion that they are not worthy of anyone else's consideration is ABOMINABLE, on the same level as the destruction of the Library of Alexandria. There are no FACTS, only conclusions. It is one thing to remove something that can be SUBSTANTIALLY DISPROVED, it is quite another to remove a THEORY based on your personal opinion of it. To discredit a theory based on WHO presents it is a FALLACY. The fact that a professional publication like JAMA--whose members are exceptionally qualified with respect to evaluating the accuracy of an illustration of the human brain--is willing to publish the idea regarding the brain image IS testament to the ideas merit; I sincerely doubt that readers of an art magazine would, in comparison, be similarly qualified.

 * No, there is no wrong or true on Wikipedia. Only neutrality and... notability concept. Read that rules of Wikipedia, before claming for...
 * The brain theory has no notability in the discussion about Michel-Angelo works. A physician has no credibility to decide in the painting what is an important detail, or not (except if he is famous for his art knoledge). And the theory has to be prooved its notability, not in a magazine-not-competent-for-art, but in a serious one. Find any reference of that theory related in a media/magazine competent in Art ? An art critic who related the theory ? That's not a question of competence, but revelance. Are there any book about Michel-Angelo wich has related the brain's theory ? With a serious reference, I will have no opposition with the brain's theory.
 * There are lots of things to be writed about the ceil, and that painting. That's not a blog, please try serious work.
 * --Ironie 01:14, 15 April 2007 (UTC) My baby discovered toys in the clouds
 * Ok, I founded the brain theory reported by NYTimes (serious). I put back the chapter. Sorry. -- ironie
 * Thank you, Ironie, for restoring that information. You are very clearly, sincerely interested in contributing to the overall quality of the Wikipedia content.  I do think, though, that you are not completely clear on the idea of neutrality and notability.  While a NY Times article may reflect a theory's noteworthiness, so too does an article published by JAMA--a highly regarded, peer reviewed journal (hence the reason NY Times bothered to report the story at all!).  Please understand that it is far easier to burn books than to write them; so deletion should not be done capriciously but should be done with significant restraint and respect for the contribution of others.  If you feel the article is too focused on this one idea, then the proper thing to do is contribute more of what you think should be there, not remove what you think establishes "balance".  Again I greatly appreciate your concerns for the quality of the content on Wikipedia, and I hope that you will take to heart what I am telling you here.  If you truly want to improve the quality of Wikipedia, consider contributing rather than removing. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 76.100.248.190 (talk) 17:36, 15 April 2007 (UTC).
 * Thank you, Ironie, for restoring that information. You are very clearly, sincerely interested in contributing to the overall quality of the Wikipedia content.  I do think, though, that you are not completely clear on the idea of neutrality and notability.  While a NY Times article may reflect a theory's noteworthiness, so too does an article published by JAMA--a highly regarded, peer reviewed journal (hence the reason NY Times bothered to report the story at all!).  Please understand that it is far easier to burn books than to write them; so deletion should not be done capriciously but should be done with significant restraint and respect for the contribution of others.  If you feel the article is too focused on this one idea, then the proper thing to do is contribute more of what you think should be there, not remove what you think establishes "balance".  Again I greatly appreciate your concerns for the quality of the content on Wikipedia, and I hope that you will take to heart what I am telling you here.  If you truly want to improve the quality of Wikipedia, consider contributing rather than removing. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 76.100.248.190 (talk) 17:36, 15 April 2007 (UTC).

Bigger images?
This might be a bit wrong place to ask, but would anyone for some reason know some place where to obtain a bigger images of that fresco? I would highly appreciate it. I have a giant penis. its HUGE.

Flying Spaghetti Monster wikilink
Hello. Someone has put in a wikilink to the FSM (presumably because someone made a "Creation of Adam" parody featuring the FSM). I've removed the link but it has been reverted at least once. I'd like to know what anyone else thinks. Wile E. Heresiarch 15:08, 6 July 2006 (UTC)
 * 'See also' are bad in general, and this one in particular doesn't seem very relavant. Raul654 15:17, 6 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I'd actually argue that it's extremely relevant, as Pastafarianism is fairly widespread and the parody is one of their prime logos, so to speak. 206.53.79.115 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 02:48, 10 November 2011 (UTC).

"Donnadio"
Googling this word (and excluding Wikipedia from the search terms) brings up only Donnadio as a surname. Can anyone support the claim that it's the Italian name for this section of the Sistine ceiling? Otherwise it'll have to go. [talk to the] H AM 19:53, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

A very small penis
I can't seem to find any reason for it, or anything referencing it, but clearly it's extraordinarily small. Why is this, and why is it never brought up? TrevorLSciAct 01:27, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

apparently Michelangelo himself was a homosexual - may this have something to do with the small penis's? i have also noticed that all of Michelangelo's male work have small penis' including Michelangelo's 'David'

Lewis Taylor aged 15 Nottingham England

 * Because of the theme (biblical...), the ceiling (Vatican...) was certainly not the better place to play with penis.
 * And homosexuality was not necessary interfering, for the artist, with the major standards of sculptur and painting. So the non-sexual cherubin's penis. Rules of aesthetic. I remember, that in some antic roman's artworks, the big penis was a sign of bestiality (Pan/Faunus) but of stupidity too. For example, the hated man drawed with a geant penis (at the opposite of today!). May be some walls in pompeii...
 * --Ironie 02:57, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

the reason this painting among many other famous sculptures around the same time period that the males have small penises is becuase the artists did not want to make it the/a main focal point of the art --69.230.211.183 (talk) 14:36, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

POV
I find the article to have too much POV. Adam, Eve, creation and God are presented matter-of-a-factly, rather than as subjects in a work of art. I also do not see how Lilith is any more mythical than Eve or God, except that she is a non-canon character in a belief system. It should be remembered that The Creation of Adam is a (technically brilliant) artistic depiction/interpretation/rendering of mythological events recorded in "the" bible.--The Chairman (Shout me · Stalk me) 08:59, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Totally agreed. I found this section of the talk page by chance after already preparing to write something similar. "The inclusion of Eve has led some people to believe the female figure must be Adam's mythical first wife, Lilith, although Lilith was also created after Adam." --> This passage very much implies that Adam is not mythical. Whether or not the stories in the Bible are true, they are myths. ("Use of the term by scholars implies neither the truth nor the falseness of the narrative.") The passage ought to be clarified without placing Adam in a literary position of infallibility. Tomalak Geret'kal (talk) 12:23, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

Largely seconded. I was ok with the NPOV until I got to this statement: "These two representations show us that at any point in time, all man has to do is reach out to God, and he will be there to help, or lend a helping hand." Up to this point, the POV can be taken within the context of a religious painting, a discussion of the characters and their chronologies within a mythology. I'd expect no less POV in an article about the characters in a novel or other work of art. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.243.232.51 (talk) 18:24, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

Image of God
It strikes me odd - that nothing is mentioned of the violation of one of the Ten commandments - not to draw images of God. So why has something like this not been included?Tourskin 06:32, 12 October 2007 (UTC)

Just to explain my recent deletions

 * God is depicted as an elderly bearded man laying on a kidney which he shares with some cherubim. The kidney was considered to be the organ that is essential for the body to stay alive in Michaelangelo's time, so it often represented life in art.

I couldn't let this claim stay in the article unsubstantiated. If this theory has been put forward in a reliable source, it may be restored to the article, but only under the special section for 'Anatomical theories' (with the brain theory and the uterus theory – both of which indicate their sources) to emphasise how non-mainstream this view is. And I'm afraid 'kidneys often represented life in art' is just plain humbug.

 * Another theory of the meaning of "The Creation of Adam", is that God's position in the piece is that of full outreach, indicating that he is giving all effort to reach the hand of Adam. Adam, seems very relaxed, and doesn't seem as interested to reach out, which is shown in his loose arm and hand. These two representations show us that at any point in time, all man has to do is reach out to God, and he will be there to help, or lend a helping hand.

This is valid enough as a personal interpretation of the work, but it has no place in an encyclopaedia. It's hard when describing works of art, but we have to try to be as objective as we can here. Sorry. Ham 11:15, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

Reliable source for title?
This page has a misleading title and nomenclature throughout. The name for this fresco, still the Italian name, is La Creazione dell'uomo (1.48 million Google hits on phrase)—"The Creation of Man". In fact, The Creation of Man is still its normal title in reliable English sources, that know how to translate Italian. Wikipedia looks a little odd in a Google search on the standard title in English, because we have renamed it according to our own editorial decision. The Italian is theologically accurate, as one would hope for a Vatican entity, but that's by-the-by. Editors interested in rectifying this according to sources may like to compare La Creazione di Adamo (73,200 hits) and La creazione dell'uomo e della donna (1,840 hits). Searches are, of course, complicated by picking up many references to the Bible. Alastair Haines (talk) 10:04, 25 July 2008 (UTC)

On the other hand, at the present time (2011 11 27), the Vatican refers to Adam throughout their website : italiano deutsch and, well, every other language. Sounds like a reliable source :) Ab930 (talk) 22:40, 27 November 2011 (UTC)

Not the proper title
It is not the creation of Adam, it is the awakening of Adam. It was bomb essay —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.192.189.32 (talk) 01:17, 16 September 2008 (UTC) I think more likely it represents the creation of God. God was created inside the brain of man and is an construct of man. Michaelanglo, you recall was forced to paint the chapel. Perhaps this is what he thought of a God whose servants would force him to do such a thing and waste 10 years of his life. Michaelangelo was a sculpter, not a painter and clearly a modern thinker who I believe painted this to show his belief that god was a construct of the brain of man.

LSSS —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.68.30.230 (talk) 21:28, 25 February 2010 (UTC) new art — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mehran.rabienia (talk • contribs) 20:14, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

Left-Handed Suggestion
ive heard this alot about this painting and am suprised that its not included, many have suggested this represents adam the first man as being a lefty, because he is reaching out with his left hand towards god. considering all the subtle hidden meanings we find in this type of art these days, and the fact that michaelangelo was a lefty, this one is pretty obvious.--69.230.211.183 (talk) 14:41, 2 October 2008 (UTC) The so-called left-handedness of Adam can be explained by the cameo Augustus (please see the "notes" section that I have written). If you go to Google Image, and type "Augustus, cameo, capricorn", you will see this cameo figure of a nude Augustus Caesar serenely holding a whip in his left hand. Michelangelo slightly elevated his left arm, closed the gap between his legs, and invented the right arm and hand. A mirror image of this gesture of Augustus above the waist also appears in the ignudo to the upper right of the Erythraean Sibyl. Here instead of grasping a whip, the ignudo is grasping a fold of drapery. Michelangelo painted this ignudo at least a year before he painted the "Creation of Adam". The ignudo's legs and supporting arm are Michelangelo's inventions. The cameo Augustus is so lethargic and passive looking that he creates an excellent foil to the powerfully dynamic image of God on the right side of the fresco. Artists tend to like contrast. The only parts of the cameo Augustus that could not be construed as having been borrowed for the sake of making the figure of Adam are the right arm and hand of Augustus. Would this explain why when Michelangelo sketched the figure of Adam on a sheet of paper, he had to draw his right hand and arm three times? This drawing is in the British Museum. The aforementioned ignudo also looks lethargic or tired. Apparently, Michelangelo extended the use of the cartoon for this figure when he made his lunette figure "Eleazar". Since the same head and much of the slanted arm appear in both figures in mirror image, Michelangelo apparently used both sides of the cartoon. The symbolism of the left ("sinistra") hand can be easily overly applied. Has even a saint ever chosen to have his or her left arm amputated except for medical reasons? You also might want to re-think whether Michelangelo was really left-handed. According to Michael Hirst's Michelangelo and his Drawings Yale University Press, 1989, p. 110 at the bottom, he was right-handed based on a close examination of the stroke patterns on his drawings. Giorgio Vasari in his "Life of Raffaello da Montelupo" reported how fascinated Michelangelo was to see him draw with his left hand.Bsutherlandb (talk) 01:35, 14 April 2013 (UTC)71.106.54.117 (talk) 17:58, 14 April 2013 (UTC)Bsutherlandb (talk) 18:18, 14 April 2013 (UTC)

Belly button
Why does Adam have a belly button if he didn't have a mother and presumably never had an umbilical cord? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.35.84.219 (talk) 15:36, 29 June 2009 (UTC)

Sophia, gnostics, Eve--original research?
The article currently includes this paragraph:

"The woman in the crook of God's arm is often depicted as Sophia by the Gnostics. Christian tradition places Eve under God's arm as the next creature that He intends to bring into existence. The green ribbon that flows from the woman represents the human life that will be borne through the woman."

I see a few problems with that. First off, what does it mean to say that the image is "depicted as Sophia by the gnostics"? (I think the editor meant either something like "modern-day gnostics interpret this as a depiction of Sophia", or perhaps "Leonardo might have meant this to be a depiction of Sophia as understood by the gnostics"--either one of which really needs a citation.)

Likewise with the bit about Eve. I'm not aware of any Christian tradition that "places Eve under God's arm", or that bit about the green ribbon. If the editor is saying Leonardo meant this, I'd love to see a citation.

I'm sticking an "original research" tag on that paragraph for now, but if I don't hear comments back in the next week or so, I'll remove the paragraph. -- Narsil (talk) 00:29, 1 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Hearing no objection, I'm removing that paragraph, and also the following one:

 * "The two figures behind God's left and right shoulders are an allusion to the Trinitarian God. Both faces are aligned with that of the Father. The one on the right just behind the woman has his hair blown back, symbolizing the Holy Spirit. While Jesus' divine nature sits behind the shoulder on the left, Jesus' human nature can also be found on the right with God's finger resting on His shoulder. Adam's fall is foreshadowed with Jesus' human nature turning away from creation representing the agony he will experience as the New Adam."

 * That paragraph also looks like OR to me. -- Narsil (talk) 04:00, 8 September 2009 (UTC)

I've restored some of the information (Eve, Sophia) with a reference written by Leo STeinberg; I'm not too happy with the way I write (feel free to edit) but I believe the ref is a reliable source with an interesting timeline of the possible interpretaions Ab930 (talk) 03:51, 26 November 2011 (UTC)

'Positive' critique?
Couldn't the word 'positive' be taken as read? 78.146.161.176 (talk) 23:24, 2 November 2009 (UTC)

Fuller Image
A fuller image of the painting would be nice. The current one is cropped and is missing the right side, where the characters' feet are. --69.157.28.33 (talk) 05:28, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

 * I have replaced the image with a better quality and much more complete one that also includes part of the frame around the panel. Hope I did everything right; I'm a new editor. Someone please fix it if I messed something up. --The Pachyderminator (talk) 20:51, 26 October 2010 (UTC)

nonsense
Someone has been messing with this article. Please fix!

"The secret lover seeing his destruction ran from the church and Michalangelo's death was thought to be an accident, the church members were so frightened by the crazy incident that they took a polaroid picture of his painting and then burned the entire building down. Is has recently been replaced by a Taco Bell." —Preceding unsigned comment added by Squibblesoz (talk • contribs) 01:42, 4 June 2010 (UTC)

Who is Sophia?
"but was also suggested to be Virgin Mary, Sophia, ..." - who is Sophia? Can an interlink be given? Tomer T (talk) 10:29, 7 April 2012 (UTC)

low quality
This article seems to have functioned as a magnet for sophomoric contributions by random people.--75.83.69.196 (talk) 03:58, 15 April 2012 (UTC)

Dimensions
So how big is this painting?

I just removed ridiculous millimetres from the end of the dimensions -- these figures were exactly what you would get by converting the inch values (which themselves are suspiciously precise). Just how accurately could one measure a panel on the ceiling anyway?

But Even More Seriously: How big is it? Romance language WPs seem to agree on 570 x 280 cm, the others agree on 480 x 230 cm. This is too much to be accounted for by different measurement methods (does one measure the painting along the curve of the ceiling, or across a chord? etc). My rough calculations from pictures of the whole ceiling and the claim that it is 14m wide (oddly, just more than the 13.4m width of the chapel!) suggest that the width of the actual picture (inside the "frame") cannot be more than about 450 cm. Perhaps traditionally some of the "frame" (which I presume is also painting) is included... ?

But in such cases, citations from Real Old Books, or reliable measurements might help, but it might actually be more *accurate* to give a less *precise* value, "Approx. 4.8 by 2.3 metres".

Imaginatorium (talk) 08:24, 16 June 2013 (UTC)

The Picture of the Simpsons Needs to Be Removed
As the only other picture in the article besides the painting itself, it seems that the Simpsons are presented as having equal significance and cultural impact as the original painting. I suspect that hard-core Simpsons fans see the whole word through the lens of the Simpsons, but for the rest of the world, we have never seen the Simpsons and/or simply don't care what the Simpsons have to say about every facet of history. Wikipedia often has a bad reputation that needs to be overcome as a collection of useless popular cultural references, and the Simpsons picture fuels that case. 129.63.129.196 (talk) 15:00, 12 September 2013 (UTC)

Bob Henderson
Removed the link to Bob Henderson as the creator of the FSM, as the page seems to be removed.

Asciimov — Preceding unsigned comment added by 145.97.230.178 (talk) 00:26, 15 September 2013 (UTC)

Derivations
There should be a section for famous derivatives of this, as it is an impact on culture. Such as the Flying Spaghetti Monster, or the Deadpool 2 movie poster, etc. Esp, the Pastafarian painting. -- 70.52.11.217 (talk) 21:21, 16 December 2017 (UTC)

 * And indeed the Monty Python version. -- Cimon Avaro; on a pogostick. (talk) 00:31, 17 July 2021 (UTC)

 * shouldn't all those and others be catalogued on an "adolescent humor satirizing religion" page? easier for everybody. 2603:8001:D300:A631:0:0:0:10D0 (talk) 18:56, 11 September 2022 (UTC)

what is "effortful"
In the section

The_Creation_of_Adam

the article says "Michelangelo employed a male model to capture this effortful pose". it's uncited, but what is effortful about this? (effortful I suppose is technically a word, but I've never seen it before, and I'm old and well read) I mean, is that what is generally said about this pose or this painting? The reason I noticed it is that I came to the article for this very topic because I was sitting around thinking, "you know, it's always bothered me, why is this depiction so torpid or even languid, or especially, so unanimated given the moment of the event" 2603:8001:D300:A631:0:0:0:10D0 (talk) 18:55, 11 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes, cut the word. Johnbod (talk) 14:40, 16 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Creation of Adam


text:
User talk:Anarchivist

This might not be the best way to get in touch with me
Please [mailto:mark%40matienzo.org e-mail] me if there are critical concerns about edits that I haven't responded to in a decent amount of time.

Discussions have been archived
Please refer to the archive accordingly.

Signature problem
My signature was acting up too. I think it occurred spontaneous, i.e., not due to any action on my part. I first sought help at 22:08, 15 November 2005 (UTC), but it began about a day before that time. See my talk for more. Similar problems are described at User talk:Mel Etitis and User talk:JoanneB. Walter Siegmund (talk) 17:49, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks! It fixed it - I had reformatted it like as was suggested and selected the raw signature checkbox yesterday, but it wasn't working still at first. At best I can assume it was a minor hiccup in one of Wikimedia's servers. — Anarchivist | (talk) 18:33, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm pleased to hear that. Thank you. Walter Siegmund (talk) 18:46, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

BWI Rail shuttle
Hi there-

You recently edited the MARC article to say that the BWI shuttle bus runs from the MARC stop to the terminal every 15 minutes. Over at the BWI Rail Station page, it says that the shuttle departs "every 10 minutes between 5 AM and 1 AM and every 25 minutes between 1 AM and 5 AM". What's your source for the 15 minute figure? I can't find information online one way or the other. --Jfruh (talk) 20:16, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

Snaps (game) (3rd AFD Nomination)
Hello!

I am contacting all registered wikipedia editors and admins that have contributed to the Snaps (game) article to let them know the page is now being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedia's deletion policy.

If you wish, please share your thoughts at this article's entry on the Articles for deletion page. I look forward to any comments or thoughts you have on this manner! -- Brian ( view my history )/( How am I doing? ) 07:00, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

Scheveningen
Well done for getting a source on that. I'd tagged it in April. Wotapalaver (talk) 14:44, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

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Seventh Avenue

Seventh Avenue most commonly refers to Seventh Avenue (Manhattan), a street in Manhattan, New York City.

The name may also be used to reference:

Streets and transportation

 * Seventh Avenue, Newark, a neighborhood in Newark, New Jersey
 * Seventh Avenue (BMT Brighton Line) a New York City Subway station in Brooklyn; serving the trains
 * Seventh Avenue (IND Culver Line) a New York City Subway station in Brooklyn; serving the trains
 * Seventh Avenue (IND lines) a New York City Subway station in Manhattan, also on the IND Sixth Avenue Line; serving the trains
 * Seventh Avenue (Islamabad), a road in Islamabad
 * IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line, a portion of the New York City Subway

Other uses

 * Seventh Avenue (band), a Christian heavy metal band from Germany
 * Seventh Avenue, a British boyband formed by Ian Levine
 * "Seventh Avenue", a song by Ratt from Dancing Undercover
 * Seventh Avenue, a mail-order catalog operated by Colony Brands
 * Seventh Avenue (novel), a 1966 novel by Norman Bogner
 * Seventh Avenue (miniseries), a 1977 TV miniseries based on the Bogner novel
 * 7th Avenue (album), an album by rapper KJ-52

title: Seventh Avenue


text:
Bullis School

Bullis School is an independent, co-educational college preparatory day school for grades K-12. The school is located in Potomac, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D.C.

History
Bullis School was founded in Washington D.C. in 1930 by Commander William Francis Bullis as a preparatory school for the United States Naval Academy and the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. The school moved in 1935 to Silver Spring, Maryland, and began its four-year college preparatory program. Between 1964 and 1971, the school moved to its current location in Potomac, Maryland, and in 1981, became a co-educational institution.

Academics
Bullis School's curriculum has been developed to challenge students academically while supporting their learning needs and social-emotional well being. Students in each division (Lower, Middle, and Upper School) have access to robust academic offerings in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM); humanities and global studies; language arts; world languages; entrepreneurship; and visual and performing arts.

According to Bullis' 2021-2025 Strategic Plan, the school aims to "promote joyfulness and intentionally avoid an atmosphere of overwhelming stress and pressure."

Students from the graduating class of 2023 matriculated to 83 different colleges and universities.

Bullis is accredited by the Association of Independent Maryland & DC Schools (AIMS) and Maryland State Department of Education and is a member of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools.

Athletics
Competitive sports are introduced in Middle School. Upper and Middle School students participate in more than 60 interscholastic teams in a variety of sports with other area independent schools.

Upper School students participate in the IAC and ISL leagues. Fall sports include football, cheerleading, boys and girls soccer, girls' tennis, field hockey and cross-country. Winter sports include boys and girls basketball, wrestling, ice hockey and swimming. Spring sports include softball, baseball, boys and girls' lacrosse, boys' tennis, golf, and track and field.

Green energy
As a K–12 school that uses renewable energy, Bullis ranks fourth in the US according to the EPA's Green Power Partnership. The school is powered by wind through the purchase of wind credits and the production of solar energy from 540 photovoltaic solar panels installed in December 2009 on the roof of the school's Blair Center.

Notable alumni

 * Steve Armas, professional soccer player
 * Cam Brown, NFL linebacker
 * Tom Brown, professional football player
 * Monique Currie, basketball player
 * John Diehl, professional football player
 * Seth Davis, broadcaster
 * Moise Fokou, professional football player
 * Amy B. Harris, screenwriter and producer
 * Dwayne Haskins, NFL quarterback
 * Justin Herron, NFL offensive tackle
 * Tanard Jackson, NFL safety
 * Doug Moe, professional basketball player and coach
 * Princess Noor Pahlavi, granddaughter of the last Shah of Iran
 * Princess Iman Pahlavi, granddaughter of the last Shah of Iran
 * Princess Farah Pahlavi, granddaughter of the last Shah of Iran
 * John Phillips, musician
 * Caroline Queen, Olympic kayaker
 * Henry Rollins, musician
 * Masai Russell, NCAA record holding hurdler
 * Robert Sampson, professional basketball player
 * Jake Scott, All-American University of Georgia and NFL safety
 * Christian Veilleux, college football quarterback for the Pittsburgh Panthers
 * Rodney Wallace, professional soccer player
 * Ryan Willie, track and field athlete who specializes in the 400m dash
 * Quincy Wilson, track and field athlete who specializes in the 400m dash

title: Bullis School


text: User:Havardk

title: User:Havardk


text:
Henriette Kjær

Henriette Kjær (born 3 May 1966) is a retired Danish politician, former member of the Danish parliament (Folketinget) for the Conservative People's Party elected in Aarhus' fourth constituency.

Henriette Kjær was Social Minister and Minister for Gender Equality from 27 November 2001 to 2 August 2004 and Minister for Family and Consumer Affairs from 2 August 2004 to 18 February 2005, both posts in the Cabinet of Anders Fogh Rasmussen I.

On 17 January 2005, when Henriette Kjær was Minister for Family and Consumer Affairs, she announced that there would be no initiatives for families with children in the next two months. However, on the next day, when the 2005 Danish parliamentary election was announced, the coalition leaders Anders Fogh Rasmussen and Bendt Bendtsen announced lower institution child care costs and higher børnecheck (direct financial aid for all families with children). In February 2005, just before the 2005 Danish parliamentary election, her domestic partner, Erik Skov Pedersen, became the subject of media attention due to disorder in the couple's private finances, forcing them to default on their payments. On 16 February 2005, a week after the 2005 Danish parliamentary election had taken place and two days before Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen was to announce his new cabinet, Henriette Kjær resigned as minister.

Henriette Kjær was later appointed political spokesperson and group leader of the Conservative party, but resigned from those posts on 25 January 2011, due to renewed media attention concerning the state of her private finances and her ability to fulfil her political tasks. Furthermore, she announced her intention to leave politics altogether after the parliamentary election held on 15 September 2011.

Karina Boldsen succeeded Henriette Kjær as a parliamentary candidate on 14 April 2011 but was not elected receiving 2,432 direct votes against 'Henriette Kjær's 10,195 on 13 November 2007.

title: Henriette Kjær


text: User talk:65.246.232.101

title: User talk:65.246.232.101


text:
Martin Lancaster

Harold Martin Lancaster, O.B.E. (born March 24, 1943) is an American politician who is the former President of the North Carolina Community College System and former Chair of the National Council of State Directors of Community Colleges. He was also United States Representative from North Carolina from 1987 to 1995.

Life and career
Lancaster was raised on a tobacco farm in rural Wayne County, North Carolina and spent his childhood working in the fields; he went to the small local school and participated in local church youth activities. In 1957, he served as a Page in the North Carolina House of Representatives and in 1959, as Chief Page.

In 1961, Lancaster went to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and entered the law school at UNC after his junior year in college as a Law Alumni Scholar, graduating in 1967.

After graduating, he joined the United States Navy, serving on active duty as a judge advocate for three years, eighteen months of which were spent on the USS Hancock (CV-19) off the coast of Vietnam. Lancaster continued to serve as a reservist until 1993.

After his military service he returned to North Carolina and set up a law practice with a college classmate. In 1977, Governor Jim Hunt appointed him Chairman of the North Carolina Arts Council, a position he held for four years. This led to elective office, first to eight years in the North Carolina House of Representatives and ultimately to the U.S. Congress.

In Congress, he served on the Armed Services, Small Business, Agriculture, and Merchant Marine & Fisheries Committees. His major committee was Armed Services. Lancaster also represented the House for six years at the Chemical Weapons Convention negotiations in Geneva.

Lancaster was reelected three times without serious difficulty. However, in 1994 he faced a very credible Republican challenger in Walter B. Jones, Jr., a former Democratic state Representative who had recently switched parties. Lancaster's district had absorbed a large amount of the territory once represented by Jones' father, Walter B. Jones, Sr., in the 1990s round of redistricting. The race was initially fairly close until Walter, Jr. circulated a picture of Lancaster jogging with Bill Clinton, whose socially liberal stances (especially on allowing gays in the military) had angered voters in this socially conservative Eastern North Carolina district. In the general election, Jones defeated Lancaster by almost six points—one of many moderate Democrats in the South to be defeated in the Republican landslide that year.

Lancaster worked briefly for Governor Jim Hunt handling federal issues. President Clinton then asked that he assist him with the ratification of the Chemical Weapons Convention, which he accepted. In the fall of 1995, the president nominated Lancaster to become Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works, a position for which the U.S. Senate confirmed him in January 1996. In this capacity, Lancaster was primarily responsible for policy development and advocacy for the Army Corps of Engineers before the Office of Management and Budget, the White House, and the Congress.

In 1997, Lancaster was chosen President of the North Carolina Community College System. Lancaster sought to increase state and private funding for facilities, equipment, faculty salaries and instruction and to strengthen the system's essential role in workforce and economic development. He led community college participation in the successful Higher Education Bond referendum of 2000, which included $600 million for community college construction, repair and renovation. He focused particular efforts on increasing the role of community colleges in preparing "homegrown teachers" for public schools and in workforce training for biotechnology and other high–tech industries. In the summer of 2003, he was elected Chair of the National Council of State Directors of Community Colleges.

In March 2007, Lancaster announced that he would retire as system president in the spring of 2008. After the announcement, a column in the (Raleigh) News and Observer praised his service, comparing him to former UNC system president William C. Friday. The columnist wrote that "Lancaster has well-served all of the [colleges] by making it clear to legislators that community colleges are a key, perhaps the key, to the state's economic growth and recruitment of jobs." He was named President Emeritus of the community college system in April 2008.

In March 2008, Lancaster announced that in September he would be joining the largest law firm in Raleigh, North Carolina, Smith Anderson Blount Dorsett Mitchell & Jernigan. He will serve in an "of counsel" position with the firm, concentrating in regulatory and administrative law.

In February 2009, Lancaster joined Dawson & Associates in Washington, DC as a senior advisor on Federal transportation and environmental policy.

Lancaster was made an Honorary Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II in 2011, for his services to the people of Northern Ireland.

title: Martin Lancaster


text:
United States Army Command, Control, Communication, Computers, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Center

The Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) C5ISR Center, formerly the Communications-Electronics RD&E Center (CERDEC), is the United States Army information technologies and integrated systems center. CCDC C5ISR Center is headquartered at Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland, with activities at Fort Belvoir in Virginia and Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst in New Jersey.

As one of the 10 organizations that make up the Combat Capabilities Development Command, a subordinate organization of the Army Futures Command, CCDC C5ISR Centers supplies Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C5ISR) capabilities, technologies and integrated solutions for the Soldier.

Core competencies
CCDC C5ISR Center's six directorates and Product Director (PD) aim to integrate C5ISR technologies in order to provide systems-of-systems products for soldiers.

C5ISR is the ability to direct, coordinate and control the assets necessary for accomplishing the mission and reporting battlefield situations and activities. CCDC C5ISR Center develops new technologies, and adapts technologies from other Army R&D centers and laboratories, Department of Defense partners, government and national laboratories, academia and industry. Additionally, the group provides products to other system developers (for platform integration).

The group utilizes Modeling and Simulation (M&S) capabilities to provide the Army and Joint Forces, system of systems assessments of C5ISR technologies and concepts. CCDC C5ISR Center's product manager for C5ISR On-the-Move assesses the effectiveness of inserting new technologies into an operationally relevant environment. CCDC C5ISR Center collaborates with Army, DoD and other stakeholders to provide C5ISR models, simulated architectures and automated tools in support of requirement definition, design and engineering, manufacturing, and test and evaluation.

Directorates
CCDC C5ISR Center is subdivided into several directorates, each focusing on an area or discipline:

 * Command Power and Integration Directorate (CP&ID): CP&ID aims to enable the quick transition of optimum capabilities to soldiers in support of ongoing operations. CP&I aims to develop, acquire, manage and apply technological expertise in information and knowledge management; portable and mobile power; platform integration and prototyping; environmental control systems; and position, navigation and timing.
 * Intelligence and Information Warfare Directorate (I2WD or I²WD) aims to provide effective intelligence and information warfare tools that equip US soldiers with integrated systems needed to ensure information dominance, and focuses on quick-reaction capabilities, which consist of transitioning new technologies into systems for rapid deployment in the field. This includes radar/combat identification; electronic warfare air/ground survivability equipment; information and network operations; signals intelligence (SIGINT); modeling and simulation; information fusion; measurement and signatures intelligence (MASINT); electronic warfare countermeasures; and intelligence dissemination. Additionally, I2WD provides engineering and management support to PEOs throughout the lifecycle of these systems.
 * Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) develops electro-optical electronic sensors, including thermal imagers, image intensifiers and lasers, to equip soldiers with imaging devices that aim to improve surveillance and targeting, safety, and lethality while providing increased capability for soldiers, ground/Airborne electro optics/infrared, force protection, and IED/mine and minefield detection.
 * Product Realization Directorate (PRD) provides expertise in the areas of production engineering; manufacturing technology; maintenance concept engineering; quality assurance and continuous improvement; special manufacturing and quality assessment; reliability and risk assessment; industrial base technical advocacy and management; configuration management; technical data; specifications and standardization program management; technical project leadership; and technology acquisition planning and preparation for the Army communications-electronics community of practice. PRD influences design and system support during all phases of the product lifecycle, assisting in program synchronization, availability, improvement, fielding, delivery and sustainment of technology for the Warfighter.
 * Space and Terrestrial Communications Directorate (S&TCD) aims to provide soldiers with adaptive, reliable battlefield communications with electronic counter-countermeasure capabilities and information security (INFOSEC). S&TCD performs research, development and engineering functions in terrestrial, avionics and space-dependent communications technology.
 * Software Engineering Directorate (SED) provides software acquisition support and software engineering support to Army tactical systems throughout the systems' lifecycles, including concept and development, systems development and demonstration, production and deployment, and operations and maintenance. SED conceptualizes, develops and supports the fielding and sustaining of systems and software products, services and technologies that enhance Army, Joint and Coalition Force's war fighting capabilities. SED helps ensure America's Warfighters and Allies are equipped to defend the homeland and own the decisive edge throughout the battlespace.
 * Product Director C4ISR and Network Modernization (PD C4ISR & NetMod) is an Army capital investment that provides a “test/assess-analyze-fix” environment that evaluates technical applications and maturity for emerging networking, sensors and C4ISR-enabling platforms on a year-round basis. Activities conducted at PD C4ISR & NetMod's laboratories or field sites are constructed as opportunities to expose systems to conditions not ordinarily available within their development environments. PD C4ISR & NetMod's integrated capabilities events inform the Army and joint communities on the capabilities of emerging technology. (NO LONGER EXISTS)

CCDC C5ISR Center developed systems and projects

 * TRACER is a mid-range, long wavelength synthetic aperture radar system that provides all-weather persistent surveillance.
 * Rucksack Enhanced Portable Power System (REPPS) is a solar backpack system capable of recharging batteries and/or acting as a continuous power source. It combines anti-glint solar panels and interchangeable connectors and adaptors for increased charging options.
 * Multi-Access Cellular Extension (MACE): The United States Army is adapting commercial wireless technologies to operate with military networks, expanding the range of available devices and applications. It has initiated a project, Multi-Access Cellular Extension (MACE) in the commercial marketplace. MACE is intended to unify commercial technologies with military needs. The developers of MACE contend that it will support cellular communications over smart phones as well as links through cellular base stations to tactical systems. In demonstration pilots, mesh networking is to be used to test seamless operation in WiFi/cellular environments even when a cellular base station is not available.
 * Radio Interoperability Capability-Universal (RIC-U) is an analog-to-digital voice bridge between allies and U.S. troops. After plugging in the RIC-U, Soldiers select the radio they wish to speak on. They then interoperate with the allies' radio voice networks, transmitting and receiving voice messages. Allied partners can use their native radio communications equipment, unique encryption, and frequency-hopping techniques to speak with U.S. military personnel. These communications are encrypted.


text:
Talk:Howard Ahmanson Jr.

This article should be expanded
Clearly Howard Ahmanson, Jr is no ordinary man because he has wealth and an extraordinary agenda which he is funding. Related articles about:
 * Discovery Institute
 * Teach the Controversy
 * Phillip E. Johnson
 * Darwin on Trial
 * and probably several other topics all on Wikipedia need to be brought under a central umbrella to show what is going on here. MPLX/MH 18:05, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Talking about money, there is interesting controversy surrounding the funding of the Discovery Institute - see below. Ian Pitchford 13:39, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

'''From Genesis To Dominion Fat-Cat Theocrat Funds Creationism Crusade by Steve Benen Americans United for Separation of Church and State from: Church & State, July/August 2000''' Link to article

Question about the above
Instead of the quotation of an entire article, shouldn't the above be just a link? RJCraig 08:19, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

It is linked below. Pasting an entire article into a discussion page is poor form, but so is editing another's contribution. Still, I'd not object if someone else were to excise it.Bustter 10:36, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

Reference for Tourette's
http://observer.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,6903,1431557,00.html — Preceding unsigned comment added by SandyGeorgia (talk • contribs) 01:12, February 20, 2006 (UTC)

Neutral POV
The article uses fundamentalist outside the technical sense. Ahmanson is an Episcopalian, after all.

 * yes, that has been rectified. the bio could be beefed up. all info in the article not directly cited in the text comes from the external links. these have been arranged with the more hostile critics moved the the bottom. POV in these sources could be explicitly noted.
 * you can be a fundamentalist in the technical sense of agreeing with "the 5 fundamentals" and be episcopalian! See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_fundamentals#Doctrine
 * Note the mention of Anglican/Church of (England in) Ireland priest John Nelson Darby and his essential part (founder of dispensationalism) in the formation of Christian Fundamentalism. Of course Darby eventually ceased to be a priest and member of any church in the Anglican communion, but the point is that fundamentalist theology has always been something that has appeared among all kinds of Protestants. NAd Catholics and others for that matter, if we are just talking about the 5Fs. That stuff is basic, historic Christian doctrine. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.94.8.139 (talk • contribs)
 * The Ahmansons are relatively recent converts to a splinter/segment of Anglicanism that was formed (partly through their efforts) in reaction to acceptance of LGBT clergy (etc.) in the ECUSA. As Theonomists (an offshoot of Calvinism) they are probably postmillenialists, unlike Darby. Some Theonomists/Reconstructionists gave up their Reformed/Calvinist ties starting in the 1980s and became Episcopalian for reasons having to do with their movement's internal politics. This is discussed in the recent academic study of Reconstruction by McVicar, where Howard Ahmanson is mentioned several times. There may be related material in Julie Ingersoll's book, Building God's Kingdom (Oxford UP, 2015)

"Certainly they oppose hatred and gay-bashing."

These words, said of the ex-gay movement, are faulty logic and not NPOV. Since these people view any practicing gay as slated for eternal punishment, they can't be viewed as free of these negatives. The redemption of ex-gays is no different from the redemption of any sinner -- murderer, thief or rapist. To define a sexual preference as a sin is certainly "bashing" in itself.Bustter 21:07, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

Vandalism
Removal of cited text, particularly with a deceptive edit summary marked "minor", is vandalism-- I have restored the cited text after I missed the deletion because of the deceptive edit summary. Sandy Georgia (Talk) 13:49, 16 September 2011 (UTC)

Promotional
Entire article needs to be rewritten large portions are clearly written (badly) by Ahmanson or his organization. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.194.63.101 (talk) 23:09, 15 September 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 6 external links on Howard Ahmanson Jr.. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110711000124/http://fieldstead.com/who-we-are.html to http://fieldstead.com/who-we-are.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060531105603/http://reason.com/9811/col.olson.shtml to http://www.reason.com/9811/col.olson.shtml
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20061008075351/http://www.edow.org/follow/part1.html to http://www.edow.org/follow/part1.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060324114126/http://www.ocregister.com/ocr/2004/08/10/sections/news/news/article_197272.php to http://www.ocregister.com/ocr/2004/08/10/sections/news/news/article_197272.php
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060614141957/http://wjc.bestsemester.com/overview.asp to http://wjc.bestsemester.com/overview.asp
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081117221849/https://www.hrc.org/news/11542.htm to http://www.hrc.org/news/11542.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:37, 30 December 2017 (UTC)

Latest Updates
Hello All,

I just wanted to inform that I have added an image of Howard to the knowledge panel that is legitimate and authorized by the author of the image, Ash Thayer.

On a shocking note, I came across an inappropriate reference that linked to a pornographic page that was completely irrelevant to the subject matter. I discovered that the intended URL was Gegrapha with a TLD ending in ".com" while the previous user indicated ".org". I have fixed this error and the particular reference is legitimate!

Thanks, Thederekjohnson (talk) 04:30, 24 January 2020 (UTC)

Recent Deletion
Hello !

Wanted to quickly spark a dialogue around why you decided to pull the content about Howard's involvements in the arts? I feel like this involvement, among many others that could be highlighted, are initiatives of his that lack substantial coverage in the public eye. Could be a great thing to showcase; wanted to get your thoughts around that.

Thanks! Thederekjohnson (talk) 03:02, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
 * I was leaving a message at your talk as you were posting here; the content was about his wife, not him. Also, there seems to be a lot of trivia in the article, and I wonder if there are BLP issues, as there is so much uncited text.  I posted at the WP:BLPN to get more attention on the article; I only follow the Tourette syndrome personal info.  Sandy Georgia  (Talk)  03:12, 12 February 2020 (UTC)

Thank you for your input and clarification on those areas. I think gaining the article some exposure via WP:BLPN could be a really good thing, considering the weight of contribution to article has been several years now and lied in a fairly partisan lens. My efforts are simply to bring it towards a standing of neautrality, and bring relevant pieces of the article to the latest stage of development (since he is still living).

Thederekjohnson (talk) 03:58, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
 * I am unwatching now, as the need for extensive repair to this article gives me headaches just reading it. I will continue to check in periodically to make sure no POV has crept in re Tourette syndrome "sufferers", etc. Sandy Georgia  (Talk)  16:42, 12 February 2020 (UTC)

Content Removal
The aim for this article, or any article on this platform, is to be undeniably clear, factual and predominantly neutral in stance. The previous state of the major sections of this article were dangerously slighted to the opposition of the subject in which the article is focused upon. Multiple instances and portions of content previously contributed within this article, that will later be definitively outlined, would be considered defamatory and slander. Defense to follow.

Within the section previously defined as ‘Financing of Christian Conservtive Movements’ there are several articles that hold a bias against the subject.

 * In the following paragraph where ties where Ahmanson is further tied to the ideals of an extremist Christianity, the integrity of the source to back the claim lies in heavy bias. In this article, he is erroneously labeled a “sugar daddy for Creationists”, an “avenging angel of the religious right” and “soul brother of the taliban”.

 * 8)https://web.archive.org/web/20060324114126/http://www.ocregister.com/ocr/2004/08/10/sections/news/news/article_197272.php

 * The original coining of the second label, “avenging angel” is a source that is used later in this same section from Salon.com, using a quote pulled from an article (that previously was written with errancies) that unfairly presents Howard’s standing on the separation of church and state.

 * 3) https://www.salon.com/2004/01/06/ahmanson/

 * The introduction for Ahmanson’s philanthropic vessel, Fieldstead & Co., sources a strongly partisan article in opposition of the subject.

 * 14) https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/mar/06/arts.artsnews

 * In “Social advocacy and political involvements”, the source provided to support claims around Howard’s conservative political influence is lined with heavy bias, is conspiratorial in nature, and comes from a journalist platform with questionable credibility.

 * 35) http://www.publiceye.org/magazine/v08n1/chrisre3.html

As my defense has outlined, the prior points are instances in which the guidelines and values of Wikipedia (the second pillar of Wikipedia, namely) have been breached within this article. These edits were made in a full embodiment of the spirit of wikipedia in an effort to pursue the best interests of the reader, the subject and the platform.

Thank you!

Thederekjohnson (talk) 03:53, 21 February 2020 (UTC)

Content Reframe
In the section "Social advocacy & political involvement", I do not believe the fact that the Western Center for Law and Religous Freedom played a role in banning the book, One Hundred Years of Solitude from schools was a very relevant item to the subject at hand. While he is a supporter of said organization, I have added it to the list of entities that have benefitted from his support.

Kind Regards,

Thederekjohnson (talk) 03:58, 24 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Howard Ahmanson Jr.


text: Template:Flag image

title: Template:Flag image


text:
Prat

Prat may refer to:

People

 * Alfonso Prat-Gay, Argentine economist and politician
 * Arturo Prat, a Chilean naval officer
 * Jean Prat, a French rugby union footballer
 * José Prat (politician), Spanish politician

Places

 * Villa Prat a small city in the O'Higgins Region in Chile
 * Capitán Prat Province, the eighth-largest province of Chile
 * Capitan Arturo Prat Base, a Chilean research station in the South Shetland Islands
 * El Prat de Llobregat, a municipality in Catalonia
 * Prat, Côtes-d'Armor, a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor département in France
 * Prat Island

Institutions

 * Arturo Prat University
 * Prat de Punta Arenas

Ships

 * See Chilean ship Capitán Prat

title: Prat


text:
Talk:Jenaro Pérez Villaamil

Untitled
Pérez Villaamil, Jenaro: Born in El Ferrol in 19th century Spain, he was a remarkable painter and prime example of the "Galician Romantic Movement". In his work, particularly in his landscapes, he shows an unmistakeable taste for the English painters of the same period.

title: Talk:Jenaro Pérez Villaamil


text:
Talk:Ólafsvík

Comments
The image link appears to be broken. ---Isaac R 18:22, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't understand why the image link doesn't work here, the picture is on Commons and it works fine on the German and Icelandic pages. --Bjarki 18:29, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Appears to be a database error in the English Wikipedia. The image page is missing, though you can still retrieve the thumbnail from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/180px-%C3%93lafsv%C3%ADk_pos.png. For reasons I don't understand, using the correct Wiki syntax doesn't generate an error; instead it creates code that points to an non-existant image file (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/%D3lafsv%EDk_pos.png). An (ugly) workaround is to add a "thumb" option, so it displays the thumbnail file. --Isaac R 19:39, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This problem seems to have been fixed now. --Bjarki 11:16, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Coordinate error
The coordinates need the following fixes: More accurate coordinates are:
 * Write here

lat: 64.894679, lon: -23.71047 78.90.189.131 (talk) 15:48, 29 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Fixed Clarkcj12 (talk) 20:28, 30 May 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ólafsvík


text:
Strange Days on Planet Earth

Strange Days on Planet Earth is a four-part (1 hour each) television program on PBS concerning human impact on the environment. It is narrated by Edward Norton. The show was produced by Sea Studios Foundation. Strange Days on Planet Earth grew into an ongoing partnership with the National Geographic Society to bring focus on our personal connection to the planet's life systems.

The series were broadcast on PBS to over 12 million viewers in the U.S. and millions more in Europe, Latin America, Australia, and New Zealand. In 2007–2008, the Strange Days initiative focused on the global issues facing the ocean, under the name Strange Days Ocean.

Episodes

 * 1) Invaders (invasive species and their ecological and economic impacts)
 * 2) The One Degree Factor (climate change, drought in Africa, dust clouds over the Atlantic, and respiratory problems in Trinidad)
 * 3) Predators (the role that predators play in natural ecosystems)
 * 4) Troubled Waters (polluted waters and their effects around the world)

Awards
The series earned 14 major film festival honors, including
 * Best Series at 2005 International Wildlife Film Festival, the environmental equivalent of the Academy Awards,
 * "Best" in Field Research and Scientific Exploration at The 2005 Explorers Club Documentary Film Festival,
 * Greenpeace Environmental Award at the 2005 Linden Wildlife Film Festival,
 * Panda Award at the 2004 Wildscreen Film Festival,
 * "Best People and Animals" award at the 2004 Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival,
 * "Best Environment and Conservation Series" at the 2005 Japan Wildlife Film Festival,
 * 2004 Planet Award

title: Strange Days on Planet Earth


text:
Bill Burlison

Billy Dean Burlison (March 15, 1931 – March 17, 2019) was an American lawyer and politician who held office in the states of Missouri and Maryland.

Biography
Burlison, the son of John Ivy "J.I." and Lillie (née Marler) Burlison, was born and died in Wardell, Missouri. He attended Southeast Missouri State University and earned his law degree from the University of Missouri. Burlison was admitted to practice law in the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Missouri courts. He served in the United States Marine Corps. Burlison was a Democrat. He represented Missouri as a member of the U. S. Congress starting with the Ninety-first United States Congress in 1969 until he was defeated in a bid for a seventh-term by Bill Emerson in 1980.

He moved to Maryland shortly after his congressional defeat. Burlison was an unsuccessful candidate for the Maryland House of Delegates in 1986 and 1990. He was elected to the County Council of Anne Arundel County, Maryland County Council in 1998 and re-elected to a second and final term in 2002. Four months after entering the race for Congress in the 3rd District in the 2006 election, he withdrew his candidacy on November 3, 2005.

After Burlison returned to his native Missouri, he settled in Advance, Missouri, he ran for election to the 159th Missouri legislative district in 2008 and 2010. He lost overwhelmingly both times to Billy Pat Wright. Campaign literature states that he was Southeast Missouri State University student body president in 1952, was a veteran Marine, and was the only person in the country with 7 academic degrees. Burlison moved to his birthplace of Wardell, Missouri, to run for the 149th district in 2014 as state representative Steve Hodges was facing a term limit. He lost to Republican Don Rone, 2,770 (42.15%) to 3,802 (57.85%).

On February 23, 2016, he filed to run for the Missouri Senate against incumbent Republican Doug Libla, and was unopposed in the Democratic primary. On November 8, 2016, Libla won re-election with 69.35% of the vote.

Burlison married Barbara Humphreys in 1955; they had three children and divorced in 1983. He married Michal Sue Mickey Prosser in 1995 and they remained married until his death.

Burlison died on March 17, 2019, at age 88.

title: Bill Burlison