text:
Age of Apocalypse (limited series)

X-Men: Age of Apocalypse is a 2005 Marvel Comics six-issue limited series which takes place a year after the last story in the X-Men: Age of Apocalypse one-shot, with Magneto's X-Men helping North America recover from Apocalypse's iron fist. The series was written by C. B. Cebulski under the pen name Akira Yoshida and pencilled by Chris Bachalo; the first two issues were inked solely by Tim Townsend, with other helping out with the rest.

It undid many elements from the original Age of Apocalypse, and presented an America very similar to the one from the conventional Marvel Universe, despite the devastation wrought to the country (and world) in the original story.

1. Like Father...
In northern Canada, a cloaked figure kills three of Apocalypse's mutants with its adamantium claws. Magneto, Acting Director of Mutant Affairs, declares his responsibility for hunting down any surviving mutants who are allied with Apocalypse; he shows a press conference via live video feed from his team's raid on the Hellions. Magneto has also sent Kirika to track down Weapon X and bring him back to the team.

2. Coming Up for Air
Magneto and his X-Men descend into the sewers to emancipate the Morlocks, but they resist violently. Thorn eviscerates Xorn (whose AoA counterpart is female), and Magneto orders Storm to end the fight. Her lightning storm hits Magneto as well, but Leech saps her powers, and Dana Moonstar (Dani Moonstar's AoA-only younger sister) takes Magneto's helmet and shows him his greatest fear: Mr. Sinister holding a flaming Phoenix symbol. Storm knocks Leech out, and Silver Samurai calls for Nightcrawler to get Magneto and Xorn back to the mansion. X-23 relates her history to Weapon X, saying she might be his daughter, and an unknown figure calls a glowing unknown inside a holding tank "My angel." X-23 continues to ask Weapon X to rejoin Magneto. X-23 takes Weapon X to hunt down Northstar and Aurora, two of Apocalypse's Mutant Elite Force.

3. Comebacks
The X-Men engage in a football game, and X-23's given name — Kirika — is revealed. She stops Silver Samurai and Weapon X from violently settling an old score. Cerebro detects the mutant signature of the Guthrie family in Washington, D.C. Cannonball and Amazon are there with their younger brother Icarus (recently discovered as a mutant in the mainstream universe). While the field team (Storm, Silver Samurai, Dazzler, Nightcrawler, Weapon X, and Kirika) fight the Guthries, Xorn attacks Rogue in the Monitor Room. The Guthries leave the battle to help the wounded Amazon, so the X-Men return to the mansion, which has been smashed. They find Paige "Husk" Guthrie, thought to be dead, holding little Charles hostage, blaming them for leaving her to die in the Seattle Core. The other Guthries blast through the wall.

4. Betrayal
Paige tells the X-Men how she was left to die in the Seattle Core with the rest of Generation Next, until her siblings found her. The X-Men delay, knowing Charles's life is in danger, while Psylocke drops down from above to pull Charles to safety. As the X-Men charge into battle, the roof tears off, and Sunfire and an irate Magneto have arrived. As Amazon grows to attack them, Sunfire fries her. Icarus and Cannonball try to flee, but Magneto wraps them in a metal sphere and crushes it into a torso-sized lump. Rogue stops Quicksilver from killing Husk, telling her that she will rot in a cell for the rest of her life. Paige husks her skin, exposing a stone spike, but Kirika stabs her. With her dying gasps, Paige tells Magneto that Mr. Sinister wants his "deal" honoured. Magneto admits that he didn't stop the bombs; Jean Grey did, and that she's still alive in Sinister's clutches.

5. Sinister
Weapon X forces Magneto to come clean; he says that he saw the flaming phoenix emblem in the flash of light when the bombs stopped, and decided to accept that the world saw him as its saviour. However, Mr. Sinister came to him, and Magneto realized that he knew the truth as well. Sinister had taken Jean's body from the grave Magneto had put it in, but he told Magneto to leave him alone, or else the truth would come out, that the man the world believed saved everyone had done nothing. Weapon X takes a scent off of Husk's body and deduces that Sinister is in New York City. He also smashes Magneto's helmet, telling him that he has to stop hiding behind his mask if he wants people to trust him. Sinister had set up in one of his old labs, but when the X-Men investigate, Cloak teleports them outside, where Sinister and his "Sinister Six" await them. Sinister states that his plans are not about genetics and genocide, and tells Weapon X that Jean Grey is alive and well, and introduces her as a member of his Sinister Six (five of the Sinister Six appear on-panel): Cloak, Dagger, Sonique, Soaron, and Phoenix.

6. Chrysalis
The X-Men confront Sinister's Six, and Magneto demands to know why Sinister did what he did. Sinister responds by telling him that he sought Mutant Alpha, whose genetic code gave rise to all mutants, and he believes that Jean Grey has the powers of Mutant Alpha. He commands his Six to destroy the X-Men. The last of the Six appears on-panel; a mutant who is apparently Blob from X-Men Alpha, who can now actively manipulate his personal gravity field to create energy waves. Samurai knocks out Sonique, Cloak swallows Nightcrawler, Dazzler, and Gambit within his dark dimension. Psylocke fights Dagger until Magneto drops a pile of debris on her, and Storm forces Cloak to spit out Dazzler and Nightcrawler. Quicksilver saves Magneto from Soaron at the cost of his own life. Magneto takes up Samurai's sword and kills Soaron. Sunfire and Phoenix battle with their own mutant flames, and Weapon X tries to reach out to Jean. When she falters, Nightcrawler teleports Psylocke behind her, and she stabs her in the head with her psychic knife. Magneto orders Weapon X and Kirika to finish Sinister off. Nightcrawler was unable to rescue Gambit from Cloak's darkness, and Jean admits to being responsible for organizing the Sinister Six. Kirika asks Psylocke to use her knife on her, and unlocks her memories; she is the actual daughter of Weapon X and Mariko Yashida. Magneto turns himself in, admitting that he lied about saving the world. Jean talks to him in prison about how hard they worked to redeem themselves in the humans' eyes. Kirika, Sunfire, Psylocke and Silver Samurai leave for the colony of New Japan, while the rest of the X-Men continue to follow the dream.

Collected editions
The series has been collected into a trade paperback:

 * X-Men: The New Age of Apocalypse (Marvel Comics, July 20, 2005, ISBN 0-7851-1583-8)

title: Age of Apocalypse (limited series)


text:
Hefner (band)

Hefner were a British indie rock band formed in east London in 1995. They were active from about 1996 until 2002; since then they have played together only once, for a tribute to the DJ John Peel, who was a strong supporter of theirs.

History
Hefner's roots stretch back to 1992, when Darren Hayman and Antony Harding met at art school in Kent. The band started playing live in 1995 and, after several line up changes, became a solo project of Darren Hayman. In 1996 he recorded a tape for Sticky Records (named The Devotion Chamber) on which all instruments were played by Hayman himself. His friend from art school, Antony Harding, assisted, providing backing vocals.

The band's first release was in April 1997 when the 7-inch single "A Better Friend" was released by Boogle Wonderland. The single featured Harding on drums and John Morrison (from Rhatigan) on bass. Shortly after the release, the record label Too Pure offered a record deal to Darren, who extended the offer to Antony and John.

After a few more singles, Hefner recorded their debut album Breaking God's Heart, which was released in 1998. A lo fidelity album primarily recorded in one take, Hayman has declared that this album is the one he is least interested in listening to, due to its unrealized potential.

The Fidelity Wars would be their next record (with the recent addition of multi-instrumentalist Jack Hayter); a darker collection of songs. In the official website of the band Hayman has explained that all of the songs gravitate towards the concept of breaking up.

Hefner had, at this point, recorded a large number of singles and EPs. Boxing Hefner collected some of those tracks that had not appeared on the previous albums, often as new recordings. The compilation also included some unreleased material.

We Love the City marked a change in direction for the band. In contrast with previous records, which had older songs, all of the compositions on We Love the City were made for this record, which had better production value and more varied instrumentation.

Dead Media, released in 2001, continues the interest that Hefner had shown in exploring new ways.  Dead Media is certainly different from previous records in the sense of its electronic weight, an interest that led Darren to eventually create The French.

After the band's final gig at the ICA in London on 10 December 2001 and the release of an EP called The Hefner Brain the following March, the band went on a seemingly permanent hiatus, save for one reformation for the "Keeping It Peel" tribute show, marking the death of one of their biggest supporters, Radio 1 DJ John Peel. In 2005 a T-shirt was released that read "Hefner, Britain’s Largest Small Band (1997–2002)", and in an interview Darren Hayman said "no, no reunion planned".

Their song I Love Only You was featured on the 2015 Craig Cash sitcom After Hours.

Post-Hefner
In 2005, following a legal dispute between Darren Hayman and Too Pure, the rights to all of the band's Too Pure recordings were reverted to Hayman. As a result, the band has released a best-of album, a 2 CD collection of 43 unreleased songs called Catfight and a live album, recorded at the BBC's Maida Vale Studios. All of the band's studio albums have been reissued as 2-CD sets with bonus tracks. Planned for the future is a compilation of BBC session tracks. The band recorded ten sessions for John Peel's BBC Radio One programme, as well as a number of live performances, and eleven of their tracks made it into the Festive 50.

Darren Hayman and Jack Hayter played Hefner songs at a number of dates in Europe in June 2008. Despite this, Hayman has said that Hefner will not reform unless it's with the original line up. He has consistently aired his disdain for bands that reform.

Band members

 * Darren Hayman (vocals, guitar, keyboards)
 * Antony Harding (drums, backing vocals)
 * John Morrison (bass guitar)
 * Jack Hayter (guitar, pedal steel guitar, keyboards, fiddle, vocals)

Spin offs and solo projects

 * Darren Hayman
 * The French
 * Hayman, Watkins, Trout & Lee
 * The Stereo Morphonium
 * Jack Hayter
 * ANT solo project of Antony Harding
 * Lonely Boy, featuring Antony Harding singing the poetry of Norwegian poet Eivind Kirkeby
 * Rhatigan
 * Darren Hayman & the Secondary Modern
 * Papernut Cambridge, featuring Darren Hayman and Jack Hayter

Studio albums

 * Breaking God's Heart - Too Pure - 1998
 * The Fidelity Wars - Too Pure - 1999 (#165)
 * We Love the City - Too Pure - 2000 (#92)
 * Dead Media - Too Pure - 2001 (#178)

Compilations and live albums

 * Boxing Hefner - Too Pure - 2000 (#144)
 * Kick, Snare, Hats, Ride - self-released - 2002
 * The Best of Hefner - Fortune and Glory Records - 2006
 * Catfight - self-released - 2006
 * Maida Vale - Belka - 2006

EPs
§ - Budget Album Chart
 * The Devotion Chamber - Sticky Records - 1996
 * The Hefner Soul - Too Pure - 1998
 * The Hefner Heart - Acuarela Discos - 1999
 * Orphan Songs - Everlasting Records - 1999
 * Revelations - Too Pure - 1999
 * The Hefner Brain - Too Pure - 2002 (#21 §)

Singles

 * "A Better Friend" - Boogle Wonderland - 1997 (7-inch only)
 * "Lee Remick" - Boogle Wonderland - 1998 (7-inch only)
 * "Pull Yourself Together" - Too Pure - 1998
 * "Love Will Destroy Us in the End" - Too Pure - 1998
 * "The Sweetness Lies Within" - Too Pure - 1998 (#171)
 * "The Hymn for the Alcohol" - Sticky Records - 1999 (7-inch only)
 * "The Hymn for the Cigarettes" - Too Pure - 1999 (#87)
 * "I Took Her Love for Granted" - Too Pure - 1999 (#136)
 * "Christian Girls" - Too Pure - 2000 (#76)
 * "Good Fruit" - Too Pure - 2000 (UK No. 50)
 * "The Greedy Ugly People" - Too Pure - 2000 (UK No. 64)
 * "Half a Life" - Too Pure - 2001 (split 7-inch with Murry the Hump) (#152)
 * "Alan Bean" - Too Pure - 2001 (UK No. 58)
 * "Trouble Kid" - Too Pure - 2001

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hefner (band)


text:
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text:
Talk:Kallichore (moon)

pronunciation
Based on Terpsichore turp-sik'-a-ree (joy of dance), it appears that the stress of Callichore (beauty of dance?) should be antepenultimate, as in "calligraphy". --kwami 00:05, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm taking out the question mark. Standard stress rules would place the stress on the antepenult, and I expect this name is too rare to be irregular. --kwami 01:46, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kallichore (moon)


text:
Talk:North Ballston Spa, New York

I live in ballston spa. there is no North Ballston Spa, New York there is no city, town, or village called North Ballston Spa, NY the census page is wrong. do you have any other source for North Ballston Spa besides things that come out of an impersonal database?

title: Talk:North Ballston Spa, New York


text:
Talk:Autonomist Marxism

Regarding this edit: Saying that autonomism "developed Marxism" sounds perilously close to a pro-autonomist bias to me (it sounds like a claim that autonomism is better developed than other forms of Marxist thought). It looks like this sentence's main point is to outline the main emphases and concerns of autonomism, not to make a claim about its development, so I'm going to try rewording it. Changes are always welcome, of course. -- Rbellin|Talk 00:08, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Heh. I didn't mean to imply correctness, but rather progress in terms of areas of argument.  Your version is superior! Fifelfoo 03:13, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * That stub is for 'communist party' related pages, which seems inaccurate (part of the 'autonomy' of autonomist marxism is autonomy from the party). There doesn't seem to be a stub template for general communism related pages.

POV Problems
Needs some work....ie. "it is based upon how working class people actually resist capitalism."

 * That's a case where, at most, a little rewording is necessary. It isn't an NPOV dispute and does not require a clunking great NPOV notice on the article page. Mattley (Chattley) 09:58, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

Title name: "autonomism" or "autonomist marxism"?
Shouldn't the article be titled autonomism? I noticed there is an overlapping article, autonome, which is a translation of the French and German terms and refers more to the anarchist side of autonomism. Autonomism allows for both the more precise marxist doctrine and the social autonomism anarchist movement to be included. Tazmaniacs 15:16, 9 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Autonomist Marxism


text:
Talk:Palliative sedation

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 29 June 2020 and 21 August 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Mau.Shin1, VTONGUCSF, Atrinh22, Ssofeso.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 06:03, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Clarity?
I'm putting this first only as time-line.

Is this sentence clear? To me it seems ... fractured:

"Patients (or their legal representatives) only have the right to refuse treatments in living wills; they cannot demand life saving treatments, or any treatments at all."

"Have the right to refuse" makes sense. But then "cannot demand life saving treatments or any treatments at all"? It's as though some conditional is missing.

==BenTrem (talk) 05:20, 5 November 2016 (UTC)

Law?
I was wondering if anyone knew the official law concerning terminal sedation. If anyone has any idea it would be greatly appreciated. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.233.8.152 (talk • contribs) 00:09, 8 April 2005

 * Terminal sedation, when used as a treatment response to terminal restlessness and agitation, should present no medico-legal problem. Using sedation inappropriately may lead to problems of professional misconduct. It would only be a problem if someone was over sedated with the intention of shortening life.

 * Rossodio - I note you comments re: subjectivity. However, "slow euthanasia" is unacceptable because it is not co-terminous with terminal sedation. It is itself a term that is subjective and misleading in this context. Terminal sedation is a legitimate clinical goal in all jurisprudences; euthanasia is the active shortening of life and is nothing to do with terminal sedation. Ravenswater 19:36, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

In most nhs hospitals in the UK, they put all elderly patients on codeine anyway, enter non existent 'pain' on their nursing records, then finish them off with midazolam and alfentanil to alleviate non existent agitation - no one checks their controlled drugs registers, although all uk police forces have a dedicated officer who is supposed to - most of them are married to nurses, so they dont have to give anyone they consider 'elderly' any of the treatments that a 30 year old would be entitled to - its licenced murder, the way the NHS practice it in this area - quite why you are even dressing this subject up with an 'ethical discussion' I can't fathom - its murder done with smoke and mirrors, the intention is murder - it avoids blocking up nhs beds with 'lives unworthy of life' - small matter of 'consent ' is conveniently circumvented by filling them up with morphine first, and saying the loss of conciousness is due to something like a stroke to their relatives - they rely on visitors knowing absolutely nothing about doseages and respiratory side effects of 'palliative care' drugs. Its rife - but as the 'attending doctor' is the one who writes the cause of death on the death certificate, no one questions it at all. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Thomaswilliamlofthouse (talk • contribs) 01:00, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

--> OMG, Do you have any reference for this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.97.29.181 (talk) 18:35, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

With regards to the "License For Murder" link title: If there is a controversy regarding Terminal Sedation, a more appropriate tack would be to create a separate section with the controversy detailed in neutral POV terms, then cite the website.Dr. Scarabus (talk) 19:26, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

"Most patients die comfortably"
"Sedation is not routine in palliative and most patients die comfortably without the need for sedation."

Do you have any data to back this claim? I don't get how death is "comfortable". The outward signs may resemble sleep or comfort, but death is nothing like that as the body is violently shutting down. What if the patient is feeling extreme pain and distress, but cannot outwardly show this during their last moment due to paralysis or some other factor (ie the brain cells that receive pain input still work but those that send effector signals died off first)? It might also be extremely distressing
 * (who for ? the nurses injecting the stuff mainly?) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Thomaswilliamlofthouse (talk • contribs) 01:04, 13 April 2008

if the normal reflexes aren't working and the patient may feel like they are drowning (since they can't breath due to the loss of medullary function) but there may be no convulsions to indicate this due to the same reasons as above (loss of effector signals). Then again, it might not. We can't know for sure without data. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.12.116.5 (talk • contribs) 03:37, 20 April 2006

 * With midazolam and alfentanil iv, the synergistic effects knock out the ability to sense CO2 levels in the blood - so all voluntary respiration stops - its used in Intensive Care for people on mechanical ventilators to stop them fighting the machine, but is administered in the NHS on side wards mainly - CO2 just builds up in the blood, but the midazolam and morphine levels are so high, they dont twitch and upset the bitches of nurses who know exactly what they are doing when they inject this stuff, and dont really give a toss one way or the other. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Thomaswilliamlofthouse (talk • contribs) 01:04, 13 April 2008
 * Okay - I've assumed enough good faith. You've clearly read some article in the Daily Express or some other reactionary tabloid newspaper and taken its word as gospel. As a former NHS employee I can categorically state that I have NEVER seen this occur, and I am aware of dosages. All deaths in hospital are referred to the coroner and enough of these will result in a post-mortem examination which would include toxicology. Nobody would get away with this for long and it sure as hell isn't some unwritten NHS standard practice. Either start citing credible references or leave this article well alone. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.97.29.181 (talk) 18:41, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

 * The fact you have never seen this arising means..you have never seen this arising . The NHS have many types of 'employee', ranging from Consultants to cleaners, you don't state which you used to be. Plenty of qualified practitioners (which you clearly are not) have 'blown the whistle' in this regard - eg see Dr. Rita Pal's 'NHS Exposed' website - and the host of other fellow professionals who used to avoid giving the lethal injections of morphine they were ordered to administer to inconvenient elderly patients by injecting it into their pillows.   Thirdly, you ridiculously state 'all deaths in hospital are reported to the Coroner' - what rot!   Perhaps you should research the matter at the MDU or MPS (who give advice to members on what to avoid telling the Coroner), or a host of BMJ articles.  The only deaths in hospital referred to the Coroner have to be those the certifying doctor him/herself judges to be 'unexpected', or a death that takes place under an anaesthetic, or one the family reports to the coroner as suspicious or violent. Shipman didnt report the deaths of his patients to the Coroner as 'suspicious' did he???  Why dont you research Coronial Law at the Ministry of Justice before you post these ridiculous inaccuracies??  RE: Toxicology tests: you can kill someone by repeatedly infusing saline, under the guise of 'keeping the patient hydrated', you can kill with tabinsulin if a dipstick indicated to you they were 'hyperglycaemic' (theres no legal compunction to retain the dipstick to prove its administration was justified), you can kill someone with potassium suppositories  - none of these drugs or metabolits show up without specific, specialised tests, and since the Coroners' are funded by local Councils, most are in severe financial deficits by mid-year, and avoid havng to pay for as many tests as possible.  Most Coroner's appointed 'Ezperts' are usually retired GP's, and toxicology reports only show the drugs that the tests ordered are capable of showing (eg a basic alkaline gas screen of plasma will not reveal alfentanil or midazolam overdoseage).  RE: 'They wouldnt get away with it for long' - they 'get away with it ' for long enough - Shipman 'got away with it' for almost a decade.

 * Either start writing valid criticisms of peoples responses to your entry, or leave Wikipedia articles to qualified professionals who research a) medical aspects and b) legal aspects competently enough yourself to produce a page worthy of entry into an Encyclopedia.

 * ..and by the way, chum, I a) hold a Ph.D. in Physics, b) used to train Medics in Haematology (when I was a PostDoc), c) got my 'facts' from my encounters with the Coroner after watching my Father being drugged up to the gills in hospital as the ward he was on had 18 week RRT violations against it, which got the Managers in trouble with Monitor. Did you miss the Gosport War Memorial Inquest earlier this year???  90 families do not spend 10 years fighting for an inquest unless they witnessed the same as me -  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.77.85.35 (talk • contribs) 00:42, 20 June 2009

Hey guys, LOVE that "repeatedly ordered to give lethal morphine injection (to an opiate-tolerant person!), injected it into pillow" stuff, but last time I checked, that sounds more like some nurse getting caught red-handed for vast amounts of NHS morphine "disappearing" on their shift (and going into their pockets to sell or their veins to relax)... then coming up with a valid excuse AND trying to shift the blame over to her boss, probably the guy who caught her for the morphine. 208.127.80.59 (talk) 07:10, 8 September 2011 (UTC)

"Change of title of article to Palliative Sedation?"
I feel this article should be changed from terminal sedation to palliative sedation. The goal of sedation is the palliation of symptoms, not the ending of life (terminal). Calling it terminal sedation implies the goal is death. Palliative sedation can be stopped and reversed or used at different levels of sedation, therefore not always happening at the same time as death. I will await comments from others before changing.SpoticusKC 05:13, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Is the above request for revision to 'palliate' your own concience? Lets call a spade a spade - its manslaughter by the back door - it was used to 'palliate' 70 elderly bed blockers in a Portsmouth hospital in the Uk, none of whom were in any pain at all, there were just insufficient funds for them to be supported by social services at home - all the district sherriff could say at the inquest was that it was the strangest form of 'pain relief' he had ever seen - if he'd expressed it any harder, the doctors threatened to sue him for defamation - its murder...do you do it as part of your job, Guber?  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Thomaswilliamlofthouse (talk • contribs) 01:08, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

 * District Sherriff (sic)?! Which country do you come from again? You claim to have extensive knowledge of this case so pray enlighten us with evidence. I must say, I missed the classes on institutionalised murder at medical school. Come to think of it, I don't even remember their being on the timetable!
 * 93.97.29.181 (talk) 15:02, 27 March 2009 (UTC)unsigned

No the request is that it more closely reflects the common medical language regarding this procedure, which you note has some controversy.SpoticusKC (talk) 11:26, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

 * If no one else has any objections, I will move again to rename this to palliative sedation as that is the term used by the AMA in the new ethical policy approved in June 2008. More research and articles are using the term palliative sedation then the older term terminal sedation.  The reasons for the different names could be expounded upon in the article.SpoticusKC (talk) 05:16, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

 * IT IS REFERRED TO AS 'TERMINAL SEDATION' IN THE 'WESSEX PALLIATIVE PHYSICIANS HANDBOOK' VOLUME 6, WHICH WAS USED AS A REFERENCE GUIDE BY THE 'DOCTORS' INVOLVED IN THE DEATHS OF 90 NON-TERMINALLY ILL SENIOR CITIZENS AT THE GOSPORT WAR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL. LEAVE IT AS 'TERMINAL SEDATION' - THE ONLY INSTANCES OF TRUE 'PALLIATIVE SEDATION' I CAN THINK OF ARE WHEN SOMEONE IS COMING ROUND AFTER A MAJOR OPERATION, OR IN AN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT.  UNLESS YOU FALL FOR THE 'EXISTENTIAL PAIN' GARBAGE THAT 'DOCTORS FEELING GUILTY' TRY TO FOOL THEMSELVES WITH?  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sheriffspayne (talk • contribs) 15:21, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Many textbooks (published years ago) may refer to 'terminal sedation' but many of the more recent journal articles as referenced on PubMed refer to 'palliative sedation.' And again there should be more discussion about the different 'terms' in the body of the article anyway.  The reference to Gosport War Memorial is a straw man argument since it does not describe the standards of palliative sedation set forth by the medical community.  Being a 'bed blocker' would not be an indication for palliative sedation.  I am not sure what the the last questions is referring to, since it does not seem to directly address the issue of title change.  Could you please clarify? Don't forget to sign any comments as well.SpoticusKC (talk) 03:38, 4 September 2008 (UTC)
 * (and please take off your caps lock.)SpoticusKC (talk) 03:38, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Although 'Palliaitve Sedation' is not an ideal term, it is now the accepted term and certainly better then 'Terminal sedation'. So I fully support this change. What is the mechanism for changing a subject heading?
 * --Claud Regnard (talk) 21:57, 5 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Claude, should there be a differentiation between "palliative sedation" - which could occur, for many different reasons - drug effects, drug interactions, altered biochemistry, etc, - at any time, and the specific restlessness and agitation seen at the end of life?--MisterSensible (talk) 19:41, 14 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I am not sure as I am not a seasoned wikipedia contributor. Before changing it it may be best to flesh out a section on the alternate names and why there is a preference for one term over another so as to avoid confusion.SpoticusKC (talk) 05:12, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

Legal position
While the whole article is a little NPOV, this section reads more like an advocate's position and not a neutral, disspassionate encylopedia. I think its needs to be cleaned up to a NPOV standard. I'm sadly not able to take a stab at editing it right now, but I hope someone can look at it. Caelarch (talk) 23:22, 28 February 2009 (UTC)

 * It may read like an advocate, but isn't legally correct. Law's vary form country to country.  A "living will" is of doubtful legality in America, and of no effect elsewhere. Patients do have right to refuse treatment - this isn't limited to living wills.  Patients can demand life saving treatments. Whether they get it is another matter. Once a patient is no longer conscious, the clinical team cannot simply act in the patient's best interests. They must follow the directions of the legal next of kin, or any person with power of attorney for personal care.JohnC (talk) 03:18, 20 February 2011 (UTC)

 * What? So a person comes in with some minor injury, but noticeable bloodloss, with his heir&next of kin in tow, gets prepped for surgery and goes out... NOW the heir can fast-track himself to an inheritance and bullshit about the patient not believing in blood transfers for religious reasons or some crap like that? Or better yet just tell them to let the patient die, no need to give a reason? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.127.80.59 (talk) 07:15, 8 September 2011 (UTC)

 * Re: JohnC actually wrong in a large number of countries using UK medical models. Patients do have a right to refuse treatment, absolutely. There is however no medicolegal obligation to follow the directions of the next of kin nor power of attorney if it is not in the clinical interests of the patient outside, to my knowledge, of the US. This is best reflected in NFR/not for code status - in the USA doctors are often limited to continuing futile resuscitation events and cannot change a patient's resuscitation status without consent. In many other countries, there are protections in law (UK, AU, NZ etc) for a not-for-resuscitation order due to the senior clinician's judgment that a patient would not survive the attempt - IE, not in the patient's best interest; such as in the case of disseminated malignancy. You can trust me on the truth of this matter if you like - I sign these forms. --115.70.65.7 (talk) 02:26, 29 August 2015 (UTC)

NHS Bashing?!
I'm concerned by the use of quotes around 'best interests' in the risk assesment section. Partucularly their use in the following:

"'busy NHS teams can decide it is in their 'best interests' to withold all treatments, and this is common, particularly with elderly or disabled patients.'"

It seems to imply that under the NHS clinical staff will withhold treatment on cost grounds, or because docs/nurses are too lazy to care for their patients. It clearly has no place on wikipedia. Especially as no citations is given.

Worse still:

"'Sensible patients can therefore, under UK law, give a directive that they refuse 'Palliative Care' or 'Terminal Sedation', or 'any drug likely to supress my respiration' in a 'living will' or 'Advance Directive', and avoid being involuntarily euthenased, but it is imperative that these phrases are explicitly included in the advance directive.'"

--This is hardly encyclopaedic prose. I'm cleaning up this section post haste. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.97.29.181 (talk) 18:24, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

Foundations II 2020 Group 19 proposed edits
Our proposed edits include: - — Preceding unsigned comment added by Atrinh22 (talk • contribs) 21:57, 27 July 2020 (UTC)

- More statistics for US in the opening section (MS)

- Types of patients eligible for palliative care (such as disease states)(MS)

- Alternative care methods used prior to palliative sedation (TS)

- Find citations for sections on : "General practice", "Drugs used", "Sedation vs. euthanasia"(AT)

- Find alternative guidelines for statistics on palliative sedation outside of the UK (VT)

- Add more information to the "Policies" section (look up US guidelines)(VT)

- Add more information on the "hospice care movement" and expand on history of the movement, as well as the history of how palliative sedation came to be (TS)

- Organize into first line and second line drugs used and more details on the "Drugs Used" section (AT) Mau.Shin1 (talk) 20:57, 28 July 2020 (UTC)

Group 20 Peer Review
Do the group’s edits substantially improve the article as described in the Wikipedia peer review “Guiding framework”?
 * Yes, the edits have expanded the lead which makes it easy to understand and includes points of discussion that act as subsequent headings within the article. For example, the paragraph describing what palliative sedation provides acts a brief overview of the section on "General Practice". However, I believe the use of the word "patients" is not recommended as it makes it sound like one is writing to health professionals. T.Tsai,UCSF (talk) 21:46, 3 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Yes, the student editors expanded the topic of "palliative sedation" to encompass relevant areas of discussion within this topic. I like how they mentioned other terms that may be confused with "palliative sedation" and made its definition very clear. I also really liked how they added points that are relevant as student pharmacists, including the medications used in palliative sedation and their monitoring. Since this topic can be controversial, I think maybe expanding the discussion on policies and people's different stances on it will be a good addition, that is, if there is the material available. C. Do, Future UCSF Pharm.D. (talk) 22:02, 3 August 2020 (UTC)

 * The group substantially improved the article by adding various relevant sections such as “patient assessment and obtaining consent for palliative sedation” and “history of hospice.” The group also made significant expansions to the section on drugs used. C.Deng (talk) 22:00, 3 August 2020 (UTC)

Has the group achieved its overall goals for improvement?
 * Yes, the group has accomplished each of the previously listed goals. For the goal of "Add more information to the "Policies" section (look up US guidelines)", was more information intended to be added or was there insufficient sources? T.Tsai,UCSF (talk) 21:46, 3 August 2020 (UTC)

 * The group is in the process of achieving the goals that they have stated. I believe they still have to add citations under "General Practice" and add more information to "Policies". Their current edits are great and align with their goals. C. Do, Future UCSF Pharm.D. (talk) 22:06, 3 August 2020 (UTC)

 * The group achieved the goals for improvement outlined in the proposed edits. The “policies” section is the only area that does not appear to be edited yet. C.Deng (talk) 22:00, 3 August 2020 (UTC)

Does the draft submission reflect a neutral point of view? If not, specify…
 * Overall, there does not seem to be a particular bias for or against palliative sedation. However, I am unsure if use of phrases such as "greatest accomplishments made by the movement" and "This victor" in the "US Hospice Care Movement" creates a more positive bias for towards the subject. T.Tsai,UCSF (talk) 21:46, 3 August 2020 (UTC)

Is there any evidence of plagiarism or copyright violation?
 * There is no evidence of plagiarism and all points made were accompanied by proper citations. C.Deng (talk) 22:00, 3 August 2020 (UTC)

Are the edits formatted consistent with Wikipedia’s manual of style? If not, specify…
 * Yes, the editors added in elements of what is consistent with Wikipedia's suggested "content sections". Even though they mentioned the information in other parts of the article, it might be good to consider putting a section dedicated to risks and complications. C. Do, Future UCSF Pharm.D. (talk) 22:16, 3 August 2020 (UTC)

-The group's edits to the article do substantially add to the article by adding more information about palliative sedation itself but also some of the history relating to it and its prevalence in other countries. I also think it was very important that there was distinction between palliative sedation and euthanasia. Overall the structure of the article is very balanced and doesn't just focus on one area such as the drugs used for palliative sedation. I'm not sure if this group is done editing or not, but I would like to see a little bit more on the policies regarding this subject that have been approved and what about these policies makes it considered ethical.

-It looks like this group has achieved its overall goals for improving this page.

-The points on this page are cited and verifiable with the exception of like two sentences where there was a "citation" next to the information presented, although those particular edits were from someone outside of the group who had previously edited. I think this group has done a very good job at citing the sources they used to contribute to this article since there is a wide variety of sources that were used instead of only a couple articles per person.Dholston1 (talk) 21:48, 3 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Well I have never been so stunned in all my Wikipedia life as I have been by this group of students. I doubt you guys know that you are unique and rare.  In all my years of seeing (and deleting a lot of) student work which was a big time waste better spent on improving articles, out of the blue this happens.  Who are you guys, anyway?  Congrats on such fine work.    Gandydancer (talk) 00:58, 5 August 2020 (UTC)

Side effects
"Titrated sedation might speed up death, although death is considered a side effect and sedation does not equate with euthanasia. A survey of 663 physicians found half had an experience of their treatment being characterised as murder, euthanasia, or killing in the preceding five years with palliative sedation (along with stopping of hydration and nutrition) being the most common act in palliative care interpreted as killing."

To be clear, if death should happen as a mere "side effect" of sedation - it does not equated with and should not be interpreted as a killing?

So that's okay then? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.149.166.137 (talk) 10:36, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia's job is mostly to talk about what people say in other sources (which can be aided by an understanding of the topic). This will probably show up in ethics. Lots of issues that are normally cut-and-dry become more murky in life and death situations. An ethics text might well explore this at length, but some analogies would be to, say, a risky operation that might kill someone but also could improve their life greatly. For me the really murky issues here are more around consent - particularly when you sedate people so they can't consent - potentially in a procedural fashion. Tal pedia 12:31, 21 July 2023 (UTC)

Then again, while the use of powerfull drugs to end pain or life might be open to question, is not the end result of stopping all hydration and nutrition very cut and dry? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.110.75.17 (talk) 16:27, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * They tend to have an excuse for these things. The argument is that people are less able to digest food etc. But yeah, four hours is quite different from 3 days in this regard. My mother had a friend who deliberately starved herself to death as a form of euthanasia... so perhaps there can be some agency there. Tal pedia 16:54, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * I guess my question is what do you want wikipedia to do about it. Wikipedia summarizes the best literature in a nuanced and balanced way. This is a controversial issue - we can ensure that the coverage of the material is good. Most people don't know about palliative sedation, some people who do consider practices involuntary euthanasia, people who work in palliative care - perhaps understandably have excuses. I can say, yes, people agree with you. But to do anything on wikipedia you get to do is add reliable material in a balanced and complete fashion or encourage others to do so. Tal pedia 17:13, 21 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Palliative sedation


text:
Rural Business-Cooperative Service

The Rural Business-Cooperative Service (abbreviated as "RBS") is one of three agencies within USDA Rural Development (along with the Rural Housing Service and Rural Utilities Service) responsible for administering various economic development programs to rural communities in the United States and its territories. Because these three agencies are closely aligned, they are commonly referred to as the USDA Rural Development, Business & Cooperative Programs.

The mission of the RBS is to enhance the quality of life for rural Americans by providing leadership in building competitive businesses including sustainable cooperatives that can prosper in the global marketplace.

The organization meets these goals by:
 * Investing financial resources and providing technical assistance to businesses and cooperatives located in rural communities.
 * Establishing strategic alliances and partnerships that leverage public, private, and cooperative resources to create jobs and stimulate rural economic activity.

In addition to supporting rural business, economic, and cooperative development, the Agency has become increasingly involved in renewable energy and value-added agriculture since the enactment of the 2002 Farm Bill.

Organization
The Rural Business-Cooperative Service is headed by an Administrator who reports directly to the Under Secretary for Rural Development, who in turn reports to the Secretary of Agriculture.

Business & Cooperative Programs staff are headquartered in Washington, D.C., but the Agency has a presence in every state and U.S. territory. Typically there is a Business & Cooperative Program section associated with each USDA Rural Development State Office. These State Offices and their subordinate Area Office staff are responsible for most program delivery.

Programs

 * 1) Guaranteed loans. These are "lender-driven" programs, whereby business loans (generally made by commercial banks) receive a Federal loan guarantee. The guarantee is designed to support and incentivize rural business lending and to support rural job creation and retention. The primary program in this category is the Business & Industry (B&I) guaranteed loan program.
 * 2) Direct loans. Direct loans are made to intermediary economic development groups who will in turn assist private rural business development through the re-lending of these funds. Note that the Agency does not make loans directly to for-profit businesses or individuals.
 * 3) Grants to nonprofits & public bodies. Typically these grants are made to nonprofit economic development groups, towns, or tribes who will undertake some project in support of private rural business development.
 * 4) Grants to private rural businesses & agricultural producers. These grants are narrowly targeted and competitively awarded in support of value-added agricultural ventures and in support of renewable energy and energy efficiency projects. Matching funds from 50 to 75% are typically required.

Until January 2018, the RBS also published the bi-monthly Rural Cooperatives magazine. Nearly all of the Agency's programs are funded annually through Congressional appropriation as part of the U.S. Federal Government budget process.

title: Rural Business-Cooperative Service


text:
Anne Preven

Anne Preven (born February 25, 1965) is an American songwriter, music publisher, and record producer. As a member of the alternative rock band Ednaswap, she co-wrote "Torn" which was covered by Lis Sørensen (Danish), Trine Rein (Norwegian), and Natalie Imbruglia (Australian). The latter's version became a worldwide number one airplay hit, spending 11 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay Chart in the US. "Torn" has sold an estimated four million copies, received platinum certification in three countries, and was declared the "number one radio single of the 1990s" by radio personality Rick Dees. As a songwriter, Preven has written for prominent music industry artists including Madonna, Beyoncé, Katy Perry, Sinéad O'Connor, Miley Cyrus, Demi Lovato, Jordin Sparks, Zac Brown Band, Pnau, Andy Grammer, Lea Michele, Pixie Lott, and Westlife.

Early life
Preven was born in New York. Her father, David Preven, is a psychiatrist in New York City, and she was a mental health-worker at age 17, where she spent time with depressed adolescents. The experience provided the "psychotic and neurotic threads" in her songwriting lyrics, as well as her college major.

Career
Preven graduated magna cum laude from Harvard College with a self-designed major: "psychobiology." While at school, she sang with and was musical director of "the Opportunes," Harvard's co-ed a cappella group. After Harvard, she returned to New York City, where she began writing her own songs. While in New York City, she met Scott Cutler who was visiting from Los Angeles. In 1991 she moved there.

Cutler and Preven formed a band with Rusty Anderson, Paul Bushnell and Carla Azar in 1993. The band name, "Ednaswap," came from a nightmare Preven had about watching herself in a band with that name getting booed off stage. Ednaswap signed a record deal in 1995, despite having only a few songs written and never having performed a full live set. They played a short, acoustic set in Cutler's living room. The short concert led to a recording contract, though the resulting self-titled album "shocked" Elektra Records. While the acoustic set suggested folk pop, the result was alternative rock. As Preven notes, "They thought they were buying a red car and we gave them a blue one." The label did not promote the album and dropped the band.

The band signed with Island Records in January 1996 after its president, Chris Blackwell, saw the band play at the Roxy. The band produced their second full-album, Wacko Magneto, with producer Dave Jerden in 1997. The band promoted the album by going on to tour with No Doubt, Weezer, Failure, and Better than Ezra. In 1998, they made a third and final, more radio-friendly album, Wonderland Park. Ednaswap disbanded after the album in 1999.

After Ednaswap, Preven, Cutler and Coogan formed the short lived "Annetenna". The band signed with Columbia Records and produced an album. However, Columbia shelved the album after a company reorganization, and Annetenna subsequently disbanded. In 2001, the band eventually released all the songs for free through their website. Annetenna's song, "74 Willow," originally an Ednaswap song, was featured on HBO's Six Feet Under.

Preven's first big cut was "Sanctuary", which Madonna covered for her 1994 Bedtime Stories. Madonna was introduced to the song by a friend of Preven and Cutler, who heard an early version of it and thought "Madonna would love this song!" Madonna's version came out before Ednaswap had even received a record deal, and the song deviated from Preven's idea. Preven originally thought Madonna had ruined the song, going so far as to meeting with Madonna to plead for changes. However, upon hearing the song as part of the whole album, Preven says she "understood what [Madonna] was going for." Preven and Cutler's most famous cover was the song, "Torn". The two co-wrote the song in 1993 with producer Phil Thornalley before they had a band. Preven claims that the lyrics were written quickly. The first album recording of the song came from Danish singer Lis Sørensen in 1995, who was introduced to the song by Thornalley. A second version arrived in 1996 by Trine Rein, who was also introduced to the song by Thornalley. Ednaswap released their first version of "Torn" on their self-titled album.

A second version appeared on their 1996 EP Chicken, and a third more dirge-like version on Wacko Magneto. However, the song became famous through Natalie Imbruglia's 1997 version on her debut album, Left of the Middle. Imbruglia's version has been described as "a defining song of its year, if not decade." The song dominated radio airplay for weeks and Imbruglia's album went platinum in the UK and double platinum in the US, largely on the strength of "Torn". The song has appeared multiple times on television shows, such as Canadian Idol and X Factor. Although Preven was happy to hear her song on the radio, she was disappointed that it was Imbruglia's version rather than Ednaswap's that became so well known. In 1998, Ednaswap's fans petitioned KROQ, the LA radio station, to play the two side by side for comparison, with voters for the rock station heavily favoring Ednaswap's. However, the pop version won out more broadly.

After the dissolution of Ednaswap and Annetenna, Preven increasingly wrote and produced for other artists. She worked with Cutler on Sinéad O'Connor's 2000 Faith and Courage, and on Mandy Moore's 2001 self-titled album. They also wrote for Miley Cyrus, both as Hannah Montana on her Disney show, and on her first album, Breakout. Since then, she has worked with Katy Perry, Sinéad O'Connor, Demi Lovato, Jordin Sparks, Pixie Lott, Conway, Pnau, Adam Lambert, Lea Michele, Miranda Cosgrove, and Leona Lewis.

In 2007, she (along with co-writers Cutler and Henry Krieger) was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award and won the Critic's Choice Award for Best Original Song for "Listen" from the motion picture adaptation of Dreamgirls. "Listen" was subsequently added to the stage production of Dreamgirls, which is currently playing at the Savoy Theatre on London's West End. In 2011, Preven was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media for her collaboration with Zac Brown Band on "Where The River Goes" from the movie Footloose. In 2009, she worked with Irish pop band Westlife for a track "The Difference" included in their Where We Are album where it charted #2 in both UK Albums Chart and Irish Albums Chart.

In 2015, she began writing and producing music for film and television beginning with two songs, "Come Clean" and "Dead Hider and Seeker," for the USA Network series Satisfaction. In 2016, she produced cover versions of Nina Simone's "New World Coming" and Sia's "Hologram", that were featured in the second season of Amazon Prime's series Transparent. In 2017, Preven co-wrote the song "Zan Astam", featured in the Amazon Prime series I Love Dick. In 2019, she served as music producer on the Transparent: Musicale Finale.

For songwriting, Preven keeps a notebook with her and "always jots down poetry and prose entries." She then goes back through them in the studio to try and see if anything in the journal can be matched with a melody she is working on to become lyrics. She finds that hit songs are often those that sound similar to other songs, but she rejects trying to "genetically engineer" a song formally, holding that such songs "end up sounding like a ransom note."

Pulse music group
In 2007, Preven and Cutler began their own music publishing company with record producer Josh Abraham, who founded Pulse Recording (recently renamed Pulse Music Group) in 2004. Pulse Music Group is the parent company of Pulse Music Publishing. Pulse describes itself as "by musicians and for musicians," and strives to be a "sanctuary" for artists to explore their creative potential. In 2012, the company established a partnership with Creative Nation, the Nashville-based music management and publishing company owned by songwriter Luke Laird and his wife Beth Laird. After forming a partnership with Fuji Music Group in 2014, PULSE expanded its client roster to include Christian “Bloodshy” Karlsson, BØRNS, Gallant, Starrah, El-P of Run The Jewels, DRAM (rapper), RY X, and Kaytranada among others. The company's other major ventures include music producer Rick Rubin's first music publishing company, American Songs, and Marc Anthony's Latin entertainment company Magnus Media. Pulse operates two recording studios, one based at its headquarters in Los Angeles, and four studios based in Burbank, California.

Personal life
Preven lives in Los Angeles. She has two children: Max and Violet.

Awards and nominations
Grammy Awards Broadcast Film Critics Association Award Academy Award Golden Globe Award Black Reel Awards Satellite Award
 * Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media ("Where The River Goes") (Nominee)
 * Best Song ("Listen") (Winner)
 * Best Song ("Listen") (Nominee)
 * Best Song ("Listen") (Nominee)
 * Best Song ("Listen") (Nominee)
 * Best Original Song ("Listen") (Nominee)

title: Anne Preven


text: User talk:130.13.248.6

title: User talk:130.13.248.6


text:
Talk:Multi Fibre Arrangement

Untitled
Haven't heard of the early warning system meantioned here kl;k;lk

WTO "jurisdiction"
At the GATT Uruguay Round, it was decided to bring the textile trade under the jurisdiction of the World Trade Organization.

Is it correct to talk of "jurisdiction" in the context of the WTO? I know there are legally binding agreements, but there are no WTO judges and courts. Treos 10:21, 14 June 2007 (UTC) Treos

"Costs" to the developing world
According to a World Bank/IMF study, the system has cost the developing world 27 million jobs and $40 billion a year in lost exports.

It isn't clear to me why lost exports constitute a 'cost'. A much more important determinant of welfare for a country is surely its imports, which are the source from which consumers derive utilty. If reduced exports mean reduced income and thus reduced consumer spending including imports, I can see that this is a welfare cost, but exports themselves are not a benefit to a country. The reduced exports from the developing to developed worlds should count as a cost to the developed world. 129.67.157.157 (talk) 09:53, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

MFA
The MFA per se ended in 1995 and was replaced by the WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing:. Ydecreux (talk) 10:43, 7 January 2017 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
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title: Talk:Multi Fibre Arrangement