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Talk:Caulfield Grammar School

Recognition

 * This article was made a featured article on July 8, 2005.
 * This article was a finalist in its category (Articles - Humanities, Social science, Art & Culture) in the 2005 Wikimania writing contest.
 * This article has been featured at the Schools Portal and the Australian Portal.

Peer review
This article has been subject to a peer review, and has subsequently been nominated for featured article status. Please feel free to comment on the peer review page if you still feel improvements can be made. Harro5 04:03, May 22, 2005 (UTC)

Improvements
I am currently adding extra content based on great advice and feedback from Ambi. Hopefully this will take the aticle one step closer to FA status. Harro5 10:40, May 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ambi suggests to add info on the school uniform. This only adds to the list effect.
 * I think it wouldn't be too hard to write this up in prose - you probably don't need everything (just the major points). Ambi 06:32, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

Hi there, this is my first time on Wikipedia and I can't work out how to edit the page. I suggest you change the last paragraph in the 'Nanjing' section as you have factual errors. I used to work at the Nanjing campus in 2004 as a trainee. The students in 2001 did not graffiti the Great Wall - they graffitied the Ming Tombs in Nanjing. Also you link to the "ming dynasty tombs" page. This site is in beijing and students do not go there. Students go to the Ming Tombs in Nanjing. Would appreciate if you change this. Hoops 13:39, 19 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi everyone. Well written article so congrats to everyone involved. A few suggestions though. Perhaps someone could add a photo of the Nanjing campus itself (like of the main gates, or the whole building from the road)? Also, I remember the groups going to China in 2003 had a major change of plans and went to Xian instead of Beijing and Shanghai because of the SARS crisis at the time. This news article http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/04/02/1048962815390.html says that "Caulfield Grammar principal Stephen Newton yesterday said the school's campus in Nanjing was not in an area where SARS had been reported but the 55 students there would return home early this weekend." Now I don't really remember that happening but maybe someone who was actually in one of the Yr9 China groups/Yr11 study tour/trainee in 2003 could write something about it in the Nanjing controversy section? Thanks.
 * WP:CONFLICT - Hi guys, if you have been a member of staff, a student or Alumni, you have a conflict of interest in regard to this article, please read this guideline. - Best regards Tambor de Tocino (talk) 01:09, 25 April 2023 (UTC)

Remaining FAC concerns

 * average class sizes
 * more on school music program
 * house system (comment: isn't this a bit redundant?)
 * intake each year/waiting list size
 * mention of competitive public speaking (comment: CGS doesn't get heavily involved)
 * intra-school debating? (comment: in a word, no)
 * possibly not different enough from school website (comment: lots of extra info on extra-curricular, uniforms, etc.)
 * some disconnected sentences (comment: none evident)
 * verbose (ie. using too many words)
 * needs some condensing

Feel free to address any of these issues (particularly the last two) if you wish. Harro5 09:37, May 27, 2005 (UTC) This article has been greatly improved with the help of Kerowyn, Bishonen and Malathion, who have removed unnecessary sections, fixed language, and NPOVed the piece. Thanks to all these editors. Harro5 July 6, 2005 23:26 (UTC)
 * The struck out suggestions either do not apply or do not add to the article on CGS. Harro5 06:56, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * I addressed some wording concerns and checked for verbosity. I don't see anything that especially needs to be trimmed, but you're welcome to point something out, or trim it yourself. --Kerowyn 3 July 2005 01:13 (UTC)

Old reviews
Moving these templates here to leave FA at the top on its own.

So what?
The intro should give more motivation for the article. My first reaction to this article was "why should I care?". After reading the article more thoroughly, it's obvious that the school is notable (their orchestra went on a world tour?) but this wasn't immediately obvious. Isomorphic 9 July 2005 16:08 (UTC)

It would be good if the page indicated how much subsidy the school recieves from State and Federal governments. Also, isn't Nick Cave one of the alumni?
 * According to the Estimated total of ERI funding 2000 Caulfield Grammar School received: $2,134,444 and the Estimated total of ERI funding 2004 $6,573,791. This is Commonwealth (federal) funding.
 * Source: AUSTRALIAN EDUCATION UNION SUBMISSION TO TH SENATE INQUIRY INTO COMMONWEALTH FUNDING FOR SCHOOLS. [www.aeufederal.org.au/Publications/statgransub.pdf]
 * Its SES is 115 if that's relevant and the percentage of AGSRC (Average Government Schools Recurrent Costing: a measure that costs the schools) funding is 32.5%. That means 67.5% is State funding, I think.
 * Hope these figures are helpful.
 * And Mick Harvey was a student at Caulfield Grammar too.

--EuropracBHIT 06:15, 28 November 2005 (UTC).

 * I'll be VERY surprised if 67.5% of any private school's funding is state funding. It'd be more like 6.75% I think, but I've done no research... Teddybearspicnic 26/2/06.

shameless promotion?
It reads like a shameless ad promoting the school, definitely not as an encyclopedia article; one such example:

"Caulfield achieves highly in statewide rankings of schools offering the VCE, and the annual Dux of the School often achieves an ENTER ranking of 99.95 (the highest possible ranking, placing the student in approximately the top 20 students in the state)"

 * Um, The Age releases school VCE results annually, and Caulfield is regularly one of the top schools in the state. In the past three years, two CGS students achieved 99.95. What part of this isn't factual? Harro5 00:53, 24 December 2005 (UTC)
 * It may be factual, but it does smack of being a shameless advertisement because you can make the same statement about practically every top Grammar school in Melbourne. How about putting some information in this article that (A) is interesting and (B) distinguishes this private school school markedly from other top Grammar schools.  Most of the rest of the info in this article satisfies (B) but not (A).

Why is it called Caulfield?
I can find no mention of why it's called "Caulfield Grammar School". This strikes me as unusual since, I would imagine, every student in the place can probably tell me who/what/where Caulfield is and why I should care about him/her/it. I'm curious for obvious reasons -- EmmetCaulfield 20:33, 8 January 2006 (UTC)
 * When the school was founded, it's first campus was in Caulfield, Victoria (now it's part of St Kilda East, Victoria). Harro5 21:04, 8 January 2006 (UTC)
 * At the time the school was founded the "regional" names in the area were far less fixed than they were, say, in the first half of the twentieth century, when "Caulfield" was the name of a Victorian city. The first site of the school, according to its prospectus, was "near Elsternwick Station" (Webber, 1981, p.16), perhaps 2 kilometres from its present campus on Glen Eira Road. According to the advertisement that Davies lodged in The Argus in April 1881, "Caulfield Grammar School" is "adjoining Elsternwick Station" and is "easily accessible by rail" (Webber, 1981, p.16). Given (a) that the general Elsternwick area (named after the house "Elsternwick") had no schools in 1881, but St.Kilda had more than 30, and Brighton had 22, and (b) Elsternwick was more of a general name for that district near to the house "Elsternwick" (as was "Rippon Lea"), and the name came into prominence only because of the Elsternwick railway station (also with the Ripponlea railway station) and the name "Caulfield" was far more of a geographically precise sort of name, and (c) Davies was strongly supported by the vicar of St. Mary's, Caulfield (in Glen Eira Road), it would make a lot of commercial sense to call it Caulfield Grammar School. Also, the School's postal address has always been a P.O. Box at the Elsternwick Post Office. (Old Grammarian) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.94.6.28 (talk • contribs) 14:51, 10 June 2006
 * That would be a nice addition to the history section of the article, especially since you've got sources for it. The other history question I keep wondering about is "what possessed Caulfield to open a campus in Nanjing?"  It's noteworthy enough that the PM remarked on it, surely there must be a documented reason.  RossPatterson 20:37, 10 June 2006 (UTC)
 * On the naming: I've added a sentence in this edit on the naming, having taken the key points from your statements above (the stuff on Elsternwick seems to confuse the issue) and focused on the connections to Caulfield the area. Hopefully this works, but please feel more than welcome to edit the passage if you can improve on it. Harr o 5 23:21, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

Why Nanjing?
Move to here to separate from "Why Caulfield?"

 * The other history question I keep wondering about is "what possessed Caulfield to open a campus in Nanjing?" It's noteworthy enough that the PM remarked on it, surely there must be a documented reason.  RossPatterson 20:37, 10 June 2006 (UTC)
 * On Nanjing: I think the reasoning comes down to the competition between independent schools in Australia and their wanting to be seen as the most innovative or having some special feature. Of course, the more detailed answer would point to Caulfield's teaching of the Chinese language, it's history of leading in Australia with off-campus learning (eg. Yarra Junction country centre), and also on a larger scale the growing importance of Asia/China to Australia which began in the 1990s and has continued. These were all likely important influences, but I couldn't really give a definitive answer as the campus opened when I was in primary school. I'll have a look to see what I can find, but the school regularly mentions this idea of "being a leader in innovation" when it talks of Nanjing. For example, this line in the vision statement: "innovative learning experiences that foster the skills, values and attitudes needed in the active pursuit of a sustainable global future." So, that's my thoughts. I'll see what official reasoning I can find, but I'd start with reading the interview here with Stephen Newton (at the bottom) as he explains some of the reasoning. I'll try to put it in prose later. Harr o 5 23:11, 10 June 2006 (UTC) (BTW. The PM would likely have commented based on the fact that this was the first such venture by an Australian school, making it noteworthy enough for him to pay attention.
 * On Nanjing: Whilst the marketing angle may well have something to do with the actual decision to open up a campus at Nanjing -- so that the school could once more say (as with Yarra Junction) "CGS was the first school in Australia to . . ." -- there may be a more interesting explanation. From the time of the first headmaster Davies (who died in Korea, working as a missionary, post-CGS) the school had always had a strong connection with the Church Missionary Society, and the students had always supported that missionary effort through what was known as the "missionary collection". Apparently, the "missionary collection" was abandoned some time in the 1970s (Webber, 1981, p.199).  Barnett the second headmaster became, himself, post-CGS, a missionary to China; and the school, as a community, always had strong links with China.  In the late 1940s and early 1950s, there was an enormous "flood" of long-term-resident-in-China missionaries into Australia. These were fluent speakers of Mandarin or Cantonese or Hokkien or Hakka, and were either returning to Australia, or taking refuge in Australia, as a consequence of their expulsion by the new Communist regime in China; including, for example, R.H. Mathews, the eminent Chinese scholar and brilliant lexicographer (of Mathews' Chinese-English dictionary fame), who lived in Elsternwick.  These missionaries would often talk about the wonderful Chinese writing system, quirks of Chinese language, unusual customs, etc., etc.  Nobody who attended CGS at the time could ever forget the intense W.T. Simpkin (who taught 1952-1960) with his constant "When I was in China . . ." and all of his anecdotes about Chinese life, Chinese culture, and his stories about the kind and gentle nature of the majority of Chinese people. Given the historical connections of CGS with China (especially through supplying Old Grammarians as missionaries to China, CGS students supporting missionaries in China, and CGS itself providing sanctuary for missionaries from China), and, in particular, the fact that many of those on the School Council, etc. (who would make the decision to turn the face of the school towards things Chinese) would have been deeply affected by their earlier interactions with the Chinese-missionary-orientations of the school since its foundation. This influence upon those decision makers would have been greatly compounded by the enormous impact of the very substantial influx of the expelled missionaries into the Melbourne Christian community would have had upon their understanding of the world in general. And, it is my argument that the influence of these missionary refugees was significantly amplified by the fact that, so many of them, such as Simpkin, were very obviously far more at home in China, speaking Chinese, and eating Chinese food, than they were in Melbourne in the early 1950s. My point is this, many of those who made the decision to turn CGS towards Chinese language, Chinese culture and, eventually towards having physical classrooms on Chinese soil, would have been strongly influence by the things that I have described; and, to me, at least, when I first heard of Mandarin being taught, and a Nanjing campus being proposed, the first thing that I thought of was that CGS was doing nothing more than seamlessly extending its already considerable intellectual, cultural and physical links with China and the Chinese, and the very, very last thing I thought of (and it was only reading your comments above that I realized that such a case could be argued) was that CGS had done it for a marketing reason. Upon reflection, you may well be 100% correct; but, I suppose that my argument is now far more one of explaining why the decision to go to China (rather than, say, either India or Japan) was so relatively easy to make for a School Council, the members of which, because of their extended connexions with CGS, had become so "China-aware" (if not actively "Sinophilic") in a far more substantial and visceral way than might, at first sight, be apparent. Anyway, that's my suggestion to you, and I hope that it might help unravel the mystery for you  (Old Grammarian)
 * Some basic context (1) Australians engaged with China in the late 70's, when these decisions were being considered. (2) Caufield Grammer has for the last 40 years at least been as far to the edge of "alternative" education theory as a top-level main-stream school can go.
 * Caufield Grammer was always going to want to set up a branch somewhere outside Australia: the time was right both for China and for the school. It is difficult to imagine another country (foreign, useful, and not a common vacation spot) more suited to their educational ethos.
 * Personally, I was never a supporter of their educational philosophy, but it's impossible to consider the school without acknowledging the effect that it has on their program. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.206.162.148 (talk) 03:07, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

Davies & Davies
Given that Caulfield Grammar School’s founder was one Joseph Henry Davies, and that he employed his two brothers and sister, and that Davies is not a common name in Melbourne's history, I feel that it is most important for this article to explicitly state whether or not the Victorian Cabinet minister, Sir John Davies, (Valentine's Mansion, Malvern Grammar School) was related in any way to the CGS Davies family.

Thus, it would either say ". . . and in 1924 moved into the Valentine's Mansion, formerly the home of Sir John Davies, a Victorian Cabinet minister, and the ( nephew/cousin/son, etc.) of Joseph Henry Davies. . ." or ". . . and in 1924 moved into the Valentine's Mansion, formerly the home of Sir John Davies (not a relative of the school’s founder), a Victorian Cabinet minister."

Hope this information is easy to trace, —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.94.6.28 (talk • contribs)
 * That's a great point, and I think the answer might be implicit in that it is never mentioned in a history of Caulfield that Sir John Davies was a relation. If he were, that would likely be pointed out. Of course, speculation isn't good in a Wikipedia article, but I have a booklet from CGS about the Malvern Campus/Valentine's history (the info from it is found in the third paragraph under history), and a relationship between the two men is never mentioned. Sir John was a wealthy British man, and John Henry was a poor minister looking to employ his siblings; again a highly speculative guess would say that it is unlikely one side of an old British establishment family would be so much poorer. But I think the answer lies in the Lives of Valentines booklet not mentioning a connection. Thanks for your invaluable input. Harr o 5 23:04, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

School song & war cry
On the basis of St. Kevin's College, Melbourne's display of their "College War Cry", their "School Song", a description of the heraldic constituents of their school crest, and their house names, would any of that sort of stuff further embellish this site. For example, the School Song plus Mrs. Archer's music might be published on the site in the form of a pdf?

I earnestly beg you, however, if you are going to publish the CGS war-cry, that you please avoid publishing the "meet them, beat them, treat them all the same, Caul-field Gram-mar is the name!" version that was once imposed upon the school by Stan Kurrle (Old Grammarian)
 * I hated that Kurrle-cry tooLindsay658 07:23, 11 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Content along these lines was in early versions of the article (like this one), but countless lists and what is really content of interest only to Caulfield Grammarians was frowned upon in the article's first peer review and FAC nomination (both linked in templates above). You are both new to this article, and so should probably know that Caulfield Grammar School is presently one of three (soon to be four) featured high school articles on Wikipedia, and as such is held to a much higher standard of encyclopedic relevance and concise prose (see What is a featured article?). As such, a section on the school song isn't really needed unless it is notable enough to warrant its own article (eg. The Doon School's Jana Gana Mana). Harr o 5 09:00, 11 June 2006 (UTC)

Sport
Under the sub-category of sport, I believe that it is essential to stress that one of the massive changes to CGS when it moved from AGS (of Victoria) into APS (of Victoria) was the introduction of foreign-to-traditional-CGS sports such as rowing. As I recall, one of the major reasons for entering the APS was to have a much higher level of overall competition in Aussie Rules and cricket. I also recall, that the APS made a number of very strong sports-based conditions (including the introduction of rowing) upon the entry of CGS. It seems important to include that stuff, because it represented a very, very important change to the (then prevailing) CGS culture. I'm sure that Horrie Webber's book and Ian Wilkinson's book will support this and, also, provide lots more detail. Finally, it was very definitely my impression at the time, that the move into the APS was far more sports related than it was status related. (Old Grammarian)

IP
Thought I'd say, Caufield Campus' IP address is 203.94.129.158. I should know, I go to this school. --AAA! 10:50, 17 October 2006 (UTC)
 * At least we from Wheelers Hill can spell "address" ...

Archivist
Any chance of giving the new archivist a mention (and, as well, should her email address be included?)

...?
What's up with this edit? --A Bothan Spy 00:07, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

GA: On Hold
This looks like a pretty solid article -- there are just a few things that need addressing:
 * 'Middle School structure" has no inline citations. Is this information covered by the general citations?
 * Again, citations in "School uniform" and "Alumni"? Confirmed?
 * Take care of the in "The Arts" section.

The article obviously doesn't read like blatant POV, so I'm not suspicious of the factual accuracy of the information provided. However, without inline citations, I as a reader am unable to tell whether any particular fact is verified or not. I see five general citations down at the bottom; ideally, those should be accompanied by <ref> notes with the specific page cited from those volumes.

Here are two other thoughts I had that won't stop me from promoting the GA, but about which you should think if you're looking ahead to another FAC.

 * "The school amalgamated with..." -- is this a proper use of "amalgamated"? It sounds odd, but I'm no expert (nor a speaker of Australian English). It just jumped out at me and was repeated several times, so just make sure it's good word choice.
 * There seems to be some confusion of topics for discussion in the "History" segment. Discussing the Yarra Junction and Nanjing campuses is fine in History if it discusses how they were acquired and established (it does). However, it seems like those are springboard topics to discussing the programs at those campuses today, which would be better treated under "Academics." I'm looking particularly at the sentence beginning with "At the Nanjing Campus, Year 9 students.."

Drop me a line when you've addressed or explained my concerns. Dylan (talk) 05:43, 20 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I will start to address these things; thanks for your comments. Any ideas on what of Nanjing and Yarra Junction should stay in history and what should be moved? Also, amalgamate seems to be the right word based on dictionary definition. Will look at the other things now. Harr o 5 02:18, 21 December 2007 (UTC)

GA: pass
Sorry I wasn't able to help more, I've been tied up with other things today. Moot point, because you've done a fine job of addressing my concerns. Nice work! If you use inline citations a bit more, this won't be far from being reinstated as an FA. Dylan (talk) 01:07, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

Article Quality
Hi all,

Just wanted to hear other people's opinion on the academics section. To me i think its unnecessary, requires more citations, advertisement like and I don't think its suitable for wikipedia. Furthermore a lot of the history section is not really wikipedia material. I'm happy to discuss.

Article Quality
Hi all,

Just wanted to hear other people's opinion on the academics section. To me i think its unnecessary, requires more citations, advertisement like and I don't think its suitable for wikipedia. Furthermore a lot of the history section is not really wikipedia material. I'm happy to discuss.

Richozen (talk) 11:42, 26 May 2009 (UTC)

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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 04:37, 25 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Caulfield Grammar School Badge.png

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 23:07, 25 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Caulfield Grammar School Crest.png

Cleaning up, structuring chronologically, removing unverifiable claims
Hi, I've been going through this article and there was a litany of really obvious issues with chronology WP:VERIFY, WP:RELIABLE, WP:BOOSTER, WP:NEUTRAL and WP:DUE, several claims with no relevance to the article at all were included, lots of un-cited claims, piles of undue detail, non-neutal language and lots of boosterisms. I've tidied up the obvious problems...and I've been very generous in leaving the lions share of claims cited to WP:PRIMARY sources which really don't belong on Wikipedia either, if we were to stick to the rules, but I don't want to gut the article and believe we can find reliable third party sources to back those claims. Someone has done a very thorough job at some point, but it's been filled out with unverifiable claims and trivia. This article needs a heap of work and based on all the boosterisms and non-neutral language I'd urge Caulfield Grammar staff, students and Alumni editing this article to read this guideline and declare their WP:CONFLICT as is required. Tambor de Tocino (talk) 01:05, 25 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Caulfield Grammar School


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/A.F.I

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Keep as a redirect to the disambiguation page. moink 11:35, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

A.F.I
This article is redundant. TerraFrost 09:04, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to AFI (band), unless there is a need for disambiguating these three initials. Dsmdgold 10:45, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to AFI (band) Master Thief Garrett 12:17, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * as for the initials, here's a quick and lazy Google rip... "AFI—Air Force Instruction. AFIWC—Air Force Information Warfare Center." So I doubt there's much crossover. Master Thief Garrett 12:17, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm going to make it a disambig.--Samuel J. Howard 18:30, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Correction, I've made it a redirect to the already existing disambiguation page at AFI.--Samuel J. Howard 18:34, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Um, you're probably not "supposed" to do that until the Vfd ends, but heck, we've had a consensus from the very beginning, so who cares? Master Thief Garrett 22:37, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

NOTE: grammar-wise, since we're using this as a redirect, shouldn't there be a "." on the end? As in "A.F.I."? Master Thief Garrett 22:37, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * FWIW, A.F.I. has existed since 06:18, 24 Aug 2003. Oh, and keep A.F.I as redir to disamb. Niteowlneils 23:15, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Capitalistroadster 04:54, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as dab page. Most Australians will know AFI to mean the film institute and the annual awards that go with them, not a US band. Megan1967 03:38, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as redirect to the AFI dab page. 23skidoo 21:02, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * keep the disambiguation please Yuckfoo 01:07, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. As Megan notes, well-known film awards. Capitalistroadster 04:55, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/A.F.I


text:
Colonial Tavern

The Colonial Tavern was one of the most famous jazz venues in Canada from the 1950s till its closure in the late 1970s. It was located at 201–203 Yonge Street in Toronto, Ontario (now an open lot between 197 Yonge Street and 205 Yonge Street) where a historic plaque (now removed) remembered this key jazz venue. The Colonial Tavern was owned and managed by brothers-in-law Mike (Myer) G. Lawrence, Goodwin (Goody) and Harvey Lichtenberg. 197–199 Yonge Street (the former Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce building) and 201–203 Yonge Street were purchased by Sal Parasuco of Montreal, Quebec, who planned to erect a hotel. The properties were sold to MOD Developments of Toronto in January 2012 for the Massey Tower condo project

Performances
Jazz musicians played on the ground floor on a raised stage along one wall beneath a disco ball. The stage could also be seen from the balcony dining area. Musicians had a green room at the back and at times stayed in apartments on the floor above.

It was a venue for soloists and small ensembles. Big bands performed either at the Imperial Room at the Royal York, in Massey Hall, or at various venues on the Toronto waterfront, including the Palais Royale, the CNE Bandshell, and the Palace Pier.

Concerts were often recorded by CJRT's jazz disk jockey, Ted O'Reilly, and were broadcast on Saturday mornings with interviews of musicians discussing their performances and memories. Some of these interviews are in the Toronto Metropolitan University archives.

History of jazz in Toronto
Other competing jazz venues in Toronto at the time were George's Spaghetti House, the Town Tavern and George's Bourbon Street. Upscale nightclubs and big band venues included the Savarin Tavern, the Imperial Room at the Royal York Hotel, the Palais Royale, and the CNE Bandshell.

Performers
The first band to open the Colonial Tavern was a band led by Cy McLean, who led the first full-scale black dance band in Canada. Artists who performed at the Colonial Tavern included major jazz artists from around the world. Musicians often stayed in very limited accommodation at the back. A brass plate memorial in the park which now remembers this historic building records the names of over 150 jazz musicians that performed at the tavern. Performers included

 * Peter Allen
 * Cannonball Adderley
 * Sidney Bechet
 * George Benson
 * Art Blakey
 * Bill Chase
 * Miles Davis
 * Bo Diddley
 * Willie Dixon
 * Bill Evans
 * Tal Farlow
 * Rory Gallagher
 * Dizzy Gillespie
 * Benny Goodman
 * Jeff Healey
 * Earl Hines
 * Illinois Jacquet
 * B.B. King
 * Roland Kirk
 * Gene Krupa
 * Chuck Mangione
 * Cy McLean
 * Carmen McRae
 * Charles Mingus
 * Chet Baker
 * Thelonious Monk
 * Red Norvo
 * Oscar Peterson
 * Shorty Rogers
 * George Shearing
 * Jimmy Smith
 * Timmy Thomas
 * Big Mama Thornton
 * Gino Vannelli
 * Joe Venuti
 * T-Bone Walker
 * Muddy Waters

title: Colonial Tavern


text:
Talk:Lubna Khalid Al Qasimi

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Aa9569a.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 02:56, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
I have added as much to this article as I can without going to great research lengths - which, as a student going back to school in two days, I can't do - and am looking for anyone to contribute if they wish to this article. Harro5 09:08, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)

Sheikh is said to a man and sheikha is said to a women. I have changed this simple mistake. Alromaithi 15:28, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

niece?
She is the granddaughter of Sultan bin Mohamed Al-Qasimi, or 2nd cousin /3rd cousin? His father Khalid bin Sultan Al Qasimi (Khalid, son of Sultan) for sure NOT the brother of Sultan bin Mohamed Al-Qasimi (Sultan, son of Mohamed), except through her mother. Matthew_hk  t  c  22:37, 14 January 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Lubna Khalid Al Qasimi


text:
Talk:Contraceptive sponge

"Women who use contraceptive sponges have an increased risk of yeast infection and urinary tract infection"

Does this need a citation? --Objectivecyd (talk) 16:22, 5 January 2019 (UTC)

"Unlike some other methods, it is difficult to incorporate placement of the sponge into the sexual experience."

Too much information here? --Redguy 09:08, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * -Yes (from Shelley)

 * -I don't think it's too much information (it's relevant how much a contraceptive disrupts or adds to the experience), but I do strongly disagree with it. Placement of the sponge is rather simple: you  wet it (easy to keep a cup of water handy), and push it as far up the vagina as possible with your fingers, until you reach the back wall.  Due to the angles involved, it would probably be much easier if the guy did this.  Anyway, I find it very hard to believe that is it "difficult to incorporate the placement" of pushing your fingers up your partner's vagina in "the sexual experience."  I don't see why it couldn't be a very erotic act for both.  Since it seems to go against all common sense, I'm deleting the line.  (Lode Runner)

Proposed Infobox for individual birth control method articles
Let's all work on reaching a consensus for a new infobox to be placed on each individual birth control method's article. I've created one to start with on the Wikipedia Proposed Infoboxes page, so go check it out and get involved in the process. MamaGeek (Talk/Contrib) 12:22, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

Misleading image
I think the image in this article is misleading. The sponge is a little disc of foam with either a stretchy loop for removal, or two slits to place thumb and forefinger in, to pinch and remove. The image makes it look as though there is also this perpendicular pointy plastic thing involved. Joie de Vivre 19:32, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

I second this opinion. For what it's worth, that picture doesn't look like the sponges Ive used —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.237.216.70 (talk) 23:05, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

Wrong Information?
According to the Protectaid website, you do need to wet it. Which is true? Rachaella
 * Which website are you referring to? I might be able to make a better judgment if I could read the website myself. LyrlTalk C 22:18, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

comment tags
For some reason there are comment tags (the coding that creates comments only visible in the edit window) before each and every in line reference in this article. I'm not aware of any reason these should be here, and they're taking up useless server space as well as being potentially confusing to a new editor. Is there some reason these are here? Natalie 20:24, 11 September 2007 (UTC)
 * They make it a lot easier to find the references (in case someone wants to modify them) when in edit mode. The server space is already taken up, removing them just adds another revision to the long list of revisions stored on Wikipedias servers. LyrlTalk C 22:10, 11 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I've never seen another article use comment tags to make refs easier to find, and if this is a real concern I would suggest using citation templates with line spaces, which are even easier and more obvious. Point about the server space taken, although I still think this makes it far too easy for those that are unfamiliar with Wikipedia to confuse themselves if they accidently end up writing inside the comment tag. Natalie 23:24, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

Is the Sponge harmful to my partner?
As two people getting back into the dating arena in our late 40's (myself) and early 50"s (him), my boyfriend and I have discussed contraception and have been doing research on what would work best for us. We decided on the Today sponge.  His question was "In the case of oral sex, will he taste anything associated with the sponge and would he have to worry about accidently or otherwise ingesting anything that might be harmful? I hadn't thought about these questions and woundered if you could enlighten us both.

Thanks so much —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.221.105.86 (talk) 21:31, 23 June 2008 (UTC)

 * It probably does have a taste, and it also has a numbing effect. It is certainly not harmful, though.  Also note, you will probably get more responses on a message board (there are many on the internet, but one possibility is here) than on Wikipedia. LyrlTalk C 00:26, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

Today sponge discontinued
The info in this article is misleading; the today sponge is discontinued again as of 2008 www.associatedcontent.com/article/806139/the_today_sponge_is_off_the_market.html

--66.84.192.154 (talk) 17:39, 27 November 2008 (UTC)

What's the correct term for little sponges inserted in the vagina to absorb menstruation blood yet still allowing penetration ?
So I'm not referring to a tampon. Thy --SvenAERTS (talk) 22:25, 31 July 2013 (UTC)

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Sponge Markets
Why does the article focus on reference to only Canada, US, and Europe specifically for the manufacture and markets of the sponge? Are they not relevant/available elsewhere? Australia, New Zealand, Asia, Middle East, S.A. (OK maybe not Africa - but why not?)SquashEngineer (talk) 17:43, 9 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Contraceptive sponge


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Tetons and Snake River

Tetons and Snake River
Finally tracked down a good PD version of a classic photo from one of the masters. Illustrating Ansel Adams. - Solipsist 09:09, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Nominate and support. First vote here - Solipsist 09:09, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I would support a higher resolution of that one. Jonas Olson 15:20, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmm... well I was going to say - yeah right, good luck finding one. But instead, I'll say - OK, hit, that big enough for ya'? -- Solipsist 15:57, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Around 6 megapixels is enough for me, also enough to notice some white spots on the image. I am surprised because  Ansel Adams was amaster in printing. Do you think it had been scanned from a not so clean negative ? And what's your advice about some dust removal ? Ericd 21:05, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes the dust is from their scanning and hard to avoid. I'm not a fan of automatic dust and scratch removal. Careful hand cloning over the worst hot spots is often effective. I was tempted to remove the scratch in the clouds top right, but I've already put in too much time on this one and its quite a useful identifying mark. But go ahead if you want to. -- Solipsist 23:36, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not a fan of automatic dust and scratch removal too. I think I have too do that by hand. But not today.... Be patient please. Ericd 21:48, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Probably unrelated to this image, but Adams was known as a poor "spotter". Supposedly a careful viewer can distinguish prints that he spotted personally from those he handed over to his assistants (with steadier hands and sharper eyes). -Willmcw 01:20, May 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Jonas Olson 09:44, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support of course. Ericd 21:05, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Where did you find it? Perhaps an explanation of its copyright status on the image description page is in order. --MarkSweep 22:22, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The image is actually on the Commons. Follow the link to the 'description page' and you will find reasonably comprehensive source information. A good starting point is the NARA press pack for the Picturing the Century exhibition. There is also good introductory information on NARA's Adams collection here. Most of this was found despite NARA's search engine's best efforts to prevent anyone from finding anything useful. -- Solipsist 23:24, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * D'oh! Got confused by the {fpc} tag and didn't even see the Commons notice. Good job tracking down that JPEG file on the NARA site, which seems to be designed to make navigation and search particularly difficult. --MarkSweep 00:09, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Support: beautiful Triddle 22:49, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, excellent version of the photo --Fir0002 23:33, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. A huge wow. Sango  123  00:27, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. It's good, but can we get it in color? (I kid, I kid.) Matthewcieplak 11:03, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Sure - if you insist. See Fir0002's suggestion on the Manzanar picture below. A non-Adams non-PD, but color version is available here and there are plenty of others around :) -- Solipsist 12:46, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Not only can we conjure up full color Ansel Adams, we can turn them into the pictures from those cheesy motivational posters. Truly we live in the world of the future! Matthewcieplak 18:39, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I support the full tonal range version. Matthewcieplak 06:20, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

(UTC)
 * Support. -- brian0918 ™  11:10, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support -- Longhair | Talk 12:27, 25 Apr 2005
 * Support Great picture- good quality also. --Electricmoose 19:59, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This NARA scan has no real black. I had a look on the histogram show that the darkest tone is around 10/255. I'm sure Adams printed this with a full tonal scale. Thus I adjusted it to have a tone range from 0 to 255. What's your advice. Ericd 22:08, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - I love these photos Nick Catalano (Talk) 00:27, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Sublime. Sandover 16:09, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. But the second version, with "full tonal range", at least on my monitor darkens to the point of losing detail.  Be careful about increasing the tonal range, maybe using (for example) photoshop curves instead of adjusting linearly. --jacobolus (t) 11:12, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I've been very carefull in adjusting contrast. I have several computers and monitors and used the old 15" monitor I trust for photographic work. On the 17" monitor I'm using now I can't see any difference between the two versions. The adjustement doesn't loose any detail on my "good" monitor, it just makes the black black, not grey. I'm sure the details are still there by looking to the histogram. Your monitor is not well calibrated or is not able to show a difference between a real black (0/255) and a very dark grey (10/255). Ericd 12:17, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * That's all very well having a proper black (and my 17" LCD monitor shows up tonal range exceptionally well) but it comes at the expense of less detail in the foliage of the trees in the foreground. --Fir0002 10:34, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * You can find I'm conservative (I still shoot film.) but no LCD will will beat a good cathodic for photography. Ericd 22:34, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd have to disagree with you there. I used to use a CRT, but after I got my LCD I never looked back. All CRT's I see now just look bland.--Fir0002 08:18, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, I uploaded yet another version. This one also has full tonal range, but I used the photoshop curves to make sure that we don't lose detail in the blacks.  I also made sure to get whitest whites.  I took original image, and my control points in photoshop curves tool are (9,0), (35,31), (218,219), (251,255).  I think this one is the best ;-).  Also, your full tone range version was more than 4 times as big as original jpeg.  mine is a bit bigger than the original, but should preserve quality as photoshop level 10/12 jpeg.  --jacobolus (t) 10:34, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Change my support to the last version (prepared by jacobolus) --Fir0002 09:30, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

14 / 0 / 0 Apparent preference for third image --Spangineer ∞ 19:11, May 26, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Ilya Kabakov

Ilya Iosifovich Kabakov (Russian: Илья́ Ио́сифович Кабако́в; September 30, 1933 – May 27, 2023) was a Russian–American conceptual artist, born in Dnipropetrovsk in what was then the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union. He worked for thirty years in Moscow, from the 1950s until the late 1980s. After that he lived and worked on Long Island, United States.

Early life
Ilya Iosifovich Kabakov was born on September 30, 1933, in Dnipropetrovsk, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. His mother, accountant Bertha Judelevna Solodukhina, and his father, locksmith Iosif Bentcionovitch Kabakov, were Jewish. Ilya was evacuated during World War II to Samarkand with his mother. There he started attending the school of the Leningrad Academy of Art which was evacuated to Samarkand. His classmates included the painter Mikhail Turovsky.

Education
After the World War II his family moved to Moscow. From 1945 to 1951, he studied at the Moscow Art School; in 1957 he graduated from V.I. Surikov State Art Institute, Moscow, where he specialized in graphic design and book illustration.

Career
Unlike many underground Soviet artists, Kabakov joined the Union of Soviet Artists in 1959 and became a full member in 1962. This was a prestigious position in the USSR and it brought with it substantial material benefits. In general, Kabakov illustrated children's books for 3 to 6 months a year and then spent the remainder of his time on his own projects.

In the vibrant art scene of 1970s Moscow, Ilya Kabakov's unconventional talent found an unexpected champion in Dina Vierny, a distinguished gallerist with a keen eye for groundbreaking art. Vierny, after a visit in Moscow in the early 1970’s, committed to supporting artists resisting the constraints of socialist realism, discovered Kabakov. The fateful meeting occurred on the evening of January 16, 1970, when Vierny recognized Kabakov as an artist of exceptional originality, despite being unknown and prohibited from exhibiting in Moscow. Vierny's genuine interest in Kabakov's work transcended time, enduring for over 27 years. Despite Kabakov's infrequent exhibitions in Moscow, his drawings managed to captivate international audiences. Vierny not only encouraged Kabakov to leave the Soviet Union for broader recognition but also actively supported him by acquiring a substantial number of his works. This support was not limited to Kabakov alone; Vierny, upon her return, brought back works by other non-conformist artists such as Erik Boulatov and Vladimir Yankilevsky, known as the Group of Boulevard Sretensky. Together, these artists, despite differing styles, shared a common struggle against state-imposed artistic limitations, particularly the constraints of socialist realism. Vierny's commitment culminated in the groundbreaking exhibition "Russian Avant-Garde - Moscow 1973" at her Saint-Germain-des-Prés gallery, showcasing the diverse yet united front of non-conformist artists challenging the artistic norms of their time.

The 1980s
Between 1983 and 2000, Kabakov created 155 installations. Of these, one of the best known installations is The Man Who Flew Into Space From His Apartment. First created in 1985 in a secret attic studio in Moscow, Kabakov later recreated the piece in the United States at Ronald Feldman Gallery in 1988. The installation portrays a small, run-down bedroom with a large hole in the ceiling and propaganda photos covering the walls. The exhibition was widely reviewed, securing Kabakov's reputation in the New York art world.

Personal life and death
In 1989, Kabakov began working with his niece, curator and dealer Emilia Kanevsky, who would later become his wife and who emigrated from the USSR in 1973. Kabakov had met her when she lived in Dnipropetrovsk. For three decades, the couple collaborated on numerous exhibitions, including Documenta in 1992, the Venice Biennale in 1993, the Whitney Biennial in 1997, the State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg in 2004, and the Tate Modern and the Hirshhorn in 2017.

Kabakov died on May 27, 2023, at the age of 89.

Exhibitions and collectors
Following Mikhail Chemiakin's 1995 show, Ilya Kabakov had one of the first major solo exhibitions of a living Russian artist at the new State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg in 2004.

His works are included in the collections of the Zimmerli Art Museum, the Centre Pompidou (Beaubourg), Museum of Modern Art, Guggenheim, The Hermitage, Tretjakov Gallery (Moscow), Norway Museum Of Contemporary Art, the Kolodzei Art Foundation and museums in Columbus, Ohio, Frankfurt, and Köln, etc.

In 2017 the Tate Modern in London exhibited Ilya and Emilia Kabakov: Not Everyone Will Be Taken Into the Future and the Hirshhorn Museum in Washington, D.C. set up an exhibition Ilya and Emilia Kabakov: The Utopian Projects.

National Museum of Norway (Norway) has "Søppelmannen" ['the garbage man'] on permanent display.

title: Ilya Kabakov


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Koraleigh

Koraleigh is a small village in the west of the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. The village is on the Murray River and in Murray River Council local government area. Koraleigh is 6 km northeast of Nyah, Victoria and 15 km south of Tooleybuc.

Koraleigh is on the traditional lands of the Muthi Muthi Aboriginal tribe and it is from their language that it gets its name.

At the 2006 census, Koraleigh had a population of 373.

Koraleigh Post Office opened on 18 September 1922. In the late 1980s, the Post Office moved from its original location in Eagles Lane and was integrated into the town's only store.

title: Koraleigh


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1979–80 NFL playoffs

The National Football League playoffs for the 1979 season began on December 23, 1979. The postseason tournament concluded with the Pittsburgh Steelers defeating the Los Angeles Rams in Super Bowl XIV, 31–19, on January 20, 1980, at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California.

Schedule
In the United States, NBC broadcast the AFC playoff games, while CBS televised the NFC games and Super Bowl XIV.

NFC: Philadelphia Eagles 27, Chicago Bears 17
In the first NFL postseason game played in Philadelphia since the 1960 NFL Championship Game, Eagles Quarterback Ron Jaworski threw for 204 yards and 3 touchdown passes as Philadelphia overcame a 17–10 Bears halftime lead. The Eagles scored first when Jaworski threw a 17-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Harold Carmichael. Chicago responded with an 82-yard drive to score on running back Walter Payton's 2-yard rushing touchdown. Then after Philadelphia added a field goal from Tony Franklin, Payton scored again on a 1-yard touchdown run. Later in the second quarter, Bears lineman Alan Page recovered a fumble from Jaworski on the Eagles 16-yard line, leading to Bob Thomas' 30-yard field goal that gave Chicago a 17–10 halftime lead.

In the third quarter, Payton ripped off an 84-yard run on his first carry, but it was called back by a phantom illegal motion penalty against receiver Brian Baschnagel. Following a punt, The Eagles tied the game on Jaworski's 29-yard touchdown pass to Carmichael. Chicago responded with a drive to the Philadelphia 9-yard line, but defensive back Bob Howard ended the scoring threat by intercepting Mike Phipps in the end zone. A few plays later, Jaworski threw a 63-yard touchdown to running back Billy Campfield to take the lead for good.

Over 12 minutes remained in the game at this point, but the Bears would only manage one first down during this time. With 7:31 left, Philly linebacker Jerry Robinson recovered a fumble from Bears receiver Dave Williams that set up Franklin's 34-yard field goal. Chicago got one last change to score when linebacker Gary Campbell recovered a fumble from Eagles running back Wilbert Montgomery on the Philadelphia 28. But their ensuing drive ended with another turnover, this time an interception by defensive back Herm Edwards.

Carmichael finished the game with 6 receptions for 111 yards and two touchdowns.

Had the Bears won, they would have faced the number one seed Cowboys. Ineligible to play against Dallas, the Eagles instead played the number two seed Buccaneers in the Divisional Round while the Cowboys faced the Rams. The Eagles' wild card victory therefore ensured that a team other than the Cowboys, Rams or Minnesota Vikings would reach the NFC Championship Game for the first time since the Washington Redskins' appearance in the 1972 title game.

This was the first postseason meeting between the Bears and Eagles.

AFC: Houston Oilers 13, Denver Broncos 7
The Oilers managed to shut down the Broncos offense for most of the game en route to a 13–7 win, holding the Broncos to 216 yards and recording six sacks.

Oilers quarterback Dan Pastorini's 41-yard completion to running back Ron Coleman set up the game's first score on Toni Fritsch 31-yard field goal. Denver then marched 80 yards in 13 plays to score on quarterback Craig Morton's 7-yard touchdown pass to running back Dave Preston. From that point on, the Oilers controlled the rest of the game. With less than 3 minutes left in the first half, Houston advanced 74 yards to score on running back Earl Campbell's 3-yard touchdown run. Although Campbell, Pastorini, and receiver Ken Burrough all missed the second half with injuries, the Oilers defense continued to dominate. In the fourth quarter, a 15-yard interception return to the Broncos 20-yard line by linebacker Gregg Bingham set up Fritsch's 20-yard field goal with 4:18 left in regulation.

This was the first postseason meeting between the Broncos and Oilers.

NFC: Tampa Bay Buccaneers 24, Philadelphia Eagles 17
The Buccaneers won their first playoff game in team history by jumping to a 17–0 lead and holding the Eagles to 48 rushing yards, while running back Ricky Bell recorded 142 rushing yards and 2 touchdowns. This would have been an incredible accomplishment by itself, but it was made historic by the fact that the Bucs had gone 0–26 in their first two seasons just two years ago.

Tampa Bay marched on an 18-play, 80-yard opening drive that took 9:25 off the clock to score on Bell's 4-yard touchdown run. Philadelphia responded with a drive into scoring range, but their drive ended ugly. First they attempted a fake 47-yard field goal, but they failed to snap the ball before the play clock ran out. Then Tony Franklin's 52-yard field goal was no good. Tampa Bay took the ball back and drove to a 10–0 lead on Neil O'Donohue's 40-yard field goal. Then on the Eagles next drive, running back Wilbert Montgomery lost a fumble that nose tackle Randy Crowder recovered on the Philadelphia 5-yard line. Three plays later, Bell scored on a 1-yard fourth down run, increasing the Bucs lead to 17–0 with 5:12 left in the half. Later on, Eagles linebacker Jerry Robinson intercepted a pass from Doug Williams and returned it 37 yards to set up Ron Jaworski's 11-yard touchdown pass to Charlie Smith, making the score 17–7 by halftime.

Philadelphia took the second half kickoff and drove 45 yards to score on Franklin's 42-yard field goal, cutting the deficit to 17–10. This would be the last score until 7:08 remained in the game, when Williams threw a 9-yard touchdown pass to Jimmie Giles. Now down 24–10, Philadelphia made a desperate comeback attempt. First they drove 80 yards in 9 plays and scored on Jaworski's 37-yard bomb to Harold Carmichael. Their defense then forced a punt with 2:11 left in the game, giving them one last chance for a tying touchdown. Jaworski's completions to Carmichael and Smith for gains of 16 and 25 yards moved the ball to the Bucs 45-yard line. But his next four passes were incomplete, enabling Tampa Bay to take over and run out the clock.

This was the first postseason meeting between the Eagles and Buccaneers.

AFC: Houston Oilers 17, San Diego Chargers 14
The Oilers offense, playing without starting quarterback Dan Pastorini, receiver Ken Burrough, and running back Earl Campbell due to injuries, could only generate 259 yards compared to San Diego's 385. But they still won the game, largely due to the effort of rookie safety Vernon Perry, who set a playoff record with 4 interceptions as the Oilers defeated the Chargers 17–14. In his first career playoff game, Chargers future hall of fame quarterback Dan Fouts threw for 333 yards, but was intercepted 5 times. The Chargers' high powered offense scored on their first possession of the game and of the second half but turnovers prevented further scoring.

San Diego took the opening kickoff and started out strong, moving the ball 81 yards in 11 plays. Fouts completed a 34-yard pass to tight end Greg McCrary and a 17-yarder to John Jefferson before Clarence Williams' 1-yard rushing touchdown finished the drive. The Chargers threatened to score again on their next drive, but Perry intercepted a pass at the Houston 18-yard line.

In the second quarter, Perry blocked a field goal attempt and returned the ball 57 yards to the San Diego 28-yard line, setting up Toni Fritsch's 26-yard field goal. On San Diego's next drive, Perry recorded another interception and lateralled the ball to safety Mike Reinfeldt, who gained 7 yards to the Chargers 38. Three plays later, Oilers quarterback Gifford Nielsen rushed 14 yards to the Chargers 4-yard line. San Diego's defense managed to keep them out of the end zone for three plays, but on Fritch's field goal attempt, they were penalized for having 12 men on the field, moving the ball just inches away from the goal line. On fourth and inches with 19 seconds left in the half, Houston coach Bum Phillips decided to gamble and go for the touchdown, a gamble that paid off when Boobie Clark scored on a sweep left to give the Oilers a 10–7 first half lead.

In the third period, Fouts connected with Charlie Joiner for 20 yards and hit tight end Bob Klein for 16, with a roughing the passer penalty turning it into a 31-yard gain. Lydell Mitchell finished the 65-yard drive with an 8-yard touchdown run to give the Chargers a 14–10 lead. However, Houston defensive back J.C. Wilson's interception later gave Houston the ball at the San Diego 44-yard line. Faced with 3rd and 13 two plays later, Nielsen threw a 47-yard touchdown pass to receiver Mike Renfro, putting the Oilers back in front at 17–14. There were still more than 17 minutes left in regulation, but this would be the final score. Perry recorded two more interceptions as the Oilers defense shut down the Chargers offense for the rest of the game.

After the game, it was revealed that the Oilers coaching staff was able to figure out the Chargers' coaches' signs as they signaled the play call from the sideline; this was one reason their defensive backs seemed to always be in the right place at the right time. "We pretty much knew ahead of time when they were going to pass, and where they were going to pass it." said Oilers defensive coordinator Ed Biles. It was a monumental upset against the heavily favored Chargers, who had scored at least 26 points in 10 games during the season and had defeated both eventual Super Bowl teams, the Rams and Steelers, by a combined scoring margin of 75–23.

It was the first AFC playoff game that was a rematch of an earlier AFL championship game.

This was the third postseason meeting between the Oilers and Chargers. Houston won both meetings when both teams were in the AFL.

AFC: Pittsburgh Steelers 34, Miami Dolphins 14
The Steelers scored 20 points in the first quarter and held the Dolphins to 25 rushing yards. Miami future hall of fame running back Larry Csonka was held to just 20 rushing yards on 10 carries in the final game of his career, while Steelers quarterback Terry Bradshaw threw for 230 yards and 2 touchdowns.

On the opening drive of the game, Pittsburgh marched 62 yards in 13 plays to score on running back Sidney Thornton's 1-yard touchdown run. On their second possession, the Steelers advanced another 62 yards in 9 plays, 36 of them on carries by Thornton, to score on wide receiver John Stallworth's 17-yard touchdown reception (although the extra point was blocked). And on their third drive, they moved the ball 56 yards to score on wide receiver Lynn Swann's 20-yard touchdown reception.

In the second quarter, the Dolphins moved the ball 63 yards to the Pittsburgh 6-yard line, but then lost it when a safety blitz by J. T. Thomas forced quarterback Bob Griese to throw a rushed pass that was intercepted by linebacker Dennis Winston. Miami soon got another chance to score when Larry Gordon recovered Thornton's fumble on the Steelers 5, but all this resulted in was a turnover on downs. Faced with 4th and 2, Griese tried to connect with tight end Bruce Hardy in the end zone, but Hardy collided with receiver Nat Moore and the pass fell incomplete. The Steelers had a chance to increase their lead even more right before halftime when they tackled Dolphins punter George Roberts on the Miami 21 before he could make a kick. But Matt Bahr's 30-yard field goal was eliminated by a Pittsburgh holding penalty, which ran off the final seconds of the half.

In the second half, Pittsburgh primarily relied on their rushing game to protect their lead. Despite Miami having the second highest ranked run defense during the season, and an injury that sidelined Thornton in the second half, the Steelers ended up running the ball 40 times during the game, with Franco Harris gaining 83 yards on 21 carries. Miami finally scored in the third quarter after defensive back Don Bessillieu recovered a punt that bounced into the leg of Pittsburgh blocker Dwayne Woodruff on the Steelers 11-yard line, leading to Griese's 7-yard touchdown pass to Duriel Harris. However, the Steelers responded by advancing 69 yards to score on running back Rocky Bleier's 1-yard touchdown. Harris' 5-yard touchdown in the fourth quarter put the game out of reach.

This was the final NFL game for Csonka, as well as the final playoff game for Griese, who completed just 14 of 26 passes for 118 yards and was sacked 8 times before being replaced by Don Strock with 8:55 left in the fourth quarter. Strock actually ended up with more passing yards, going 8/14 for 125 yards and leading the team 76 yards to their final score on a 1-yard Csonka run.

This was the second postseason meeting between the Dolphins and Steelers. Miami won the only prior meeting.

NFC: Los Angeles Rams 21, Dallas Cowboys 19
The Cowboys had handled the Rams in the last two meetings between the teams, soundly defeating an injured Los Angeles team during the regular season 30–6 after shutting them out in last season's NFC title game 28–0. Dallas came into this game after an impressive win against the Washington Redskins in the last game of the regular season in which quarterback Roger Staubach, already famous for his fourth quarter comebacks, added one more to his resume by rallying the Cowboys back from a 34–21 fourth quarter deficit to a 35–34 win. But this day belonged to the Rams as quarterback Vince Ferragamo led them to a victory by throwing for three touchdown passes, the last one with 2:06 left in the game.

The game started out as a defensive struggle with Dallas punting on their first three drives and Los Angeles punting on their first two. On the Rams third possession, they started out on their own 12-yard line and a penalty pushed them back 5 yards to the 7. On second, Ferragamo dropped back into the end zone, scrambled forward, then tripped and fell over his own feet still in the end zone, where Randy White fell on him for a safety, giving Dallas a 2–0 lead. The Cowboys started their next drive with great field position on their own 46-yard line after the free kick, but two plays later, quarterback Staubach's pass was intercepted by defensive back Eddie Brown and returned 21 yards to the Dallas 32. The Rams also proved unable to take advantage of good field position, as their ensuing drive ended with a missed 44-yard field goal attempt by Frank Corral.

The second quarter began with more punting from both teams, but eventually the Rams offense managed to get on track, driving 93 yards to score on Ferragamo's 32-yard touchdown pass to running back Wendell Tyler, making the score 7–2. Dallas struck back with Staubach completing a 17-yard pass to Drew Pearson and a 16-yarder to tight end Billy Joe Dupree, moving the ball close enough for Rafael Septién to kick a 33-yard field goal and cut the score to 7–5. As time was running out in the half, Ferragamo managed to get the Rams to the Cowboys 43-yard line. Just 11 seconds before halftime he fired a pass to Ron Smith in the end zone just before being leveled by White. Smith made a leaping catch between two defenders for a touchdown, giving the Rams a 14–5 lead going into halftime.

Cowboys DB Dennis Thurman gave his team an early second half scoring opportunity, intercepting Ferragamo on the Rams opening drive and returning the ball 18 yards to the Los Angeles 32-yard line. But their offense could not move the ball and ended up with a punt. Once again the "Doomsday Defense" kept the Rams in check, and after a Los Angeles punt, Dallas took the ball back on their own 46. On the next play, Staubach threw to Pearson for a 29-yard gain. Then from the Los Angeles 25, they tried a halfback option play. It seemed to work at first, with running back Ron Springs throwing a touchdown pass to Tony Hill, but officials ruled he didn't have both feet in bounds before stepping out of the back of the end zone. Then Staubach missed on a pass to Tony Dorsett in the end zone. However, the Rams were flagged for pass interference, moving the ball to the 1-yard line, and Springs ran the ball in for a score on the next play, cutting the score to 14–12. Dallas' situation got even better from there as safety Cliff Harris intercepted a pass from Ferragamo and returned it 22 yards to his 43-yard line.

After the turnover, Dallas scored on Staubach's 2-yard touchdown toss to tight end Jay Saldi, giving the team a 19–14 lead with 12:46 left in regulation. Both teams had some success moving on the ball on the next few drives, but failed to score on each one. The Rams responded with a drive to the Cowboys 32-yard line, but turned the ball over on downs while trying to convert a 4th and 8. On Dallas' first play after that, Tony Dorsett ran the ball 26 yards to the Rams 42. But Dallas could go no further and ended up punting. Then Ferragamo connected with Billy Waddy for a 36-yard completion on the Cowboys 44, only to have a holding penalty two plays later push them back into their own territory and end punting again.

Dallas took the ball back on their own 21 with 2:45 left, needing only to run out the clock to win the game. On first down, Robert Newhouse was dropped for a 1-yard loss. Then they tried a screen pass to Hill, but only gained 1-yard. On a third down pass play, Staubach tried to scramble, but was stuffed for no gain and a punt followed. The Rams had used all their timeouts on the possession, but got the ball back at midfield with 2:16 left in the game. On their first play, Ferragamo threw a pass over the middle to Waddy, who caught the ball at the 28 and took off to the end zone to give the Rams a 21–19 lead.

Although Dorsett rushed for 12 yards on the first play of the Cowboys' ensuing possession, Staubach was unable to engineer a late fourth-quarter comeback like the ones that made him famous throughout his career. After two incompletions, the Rams defense pressured the Dallas quarterback to throw a pass illegally to an ineligible receiver, guard Herbert Scott, on third down, the last pass of his career to be caught. On fourth down, he overthrew Drew Pearson. The Rams got the ball back on the Cowboys 33 with 1:07 left. Dallas had enough timeouts left to force the Rams into a fourth down situation with just 13 seconds left to go. However, Rams defensive back Nolan Cromwell, who was the holder on special teams, ran 7 yards for a first down on a fake field goal play as time expired in the game.

Ferragamo completed only 9 of 21 passes and was intercepted twice, but still threw for 210 yards and three touchdowns. Staubach fared no better, finishing his final game 12/28 for 124 yards, with one touchdown and one interception. Tyler rushed for 82 yards and caught two passes for 40. Waddy caught 3 passes for 97 yards and a score, and had a 3-yard carry. Dorsett rushed for 87 yards.

This was the fifth postseason meeting between the Cowboys and Rams [not counting the final NFL Playoff Bowl in Miami in January 1970, at the end of the 1969 season], and second consecutive. Dallas previously won three of the previous four meetings.

AFC: Pittsburgh Steelers 27, Houston Oilers 13
The Steelers held the Oilers to only 24 rushing yards, but were also aided by a controversial non-touchdown call to come away with a 27–13 win. Houston jumped to a 7–0 lead with just 2:30 into the game when Vernon Perry returned an interception 75 yards for a touchdown. Then after the teams exchanged field goals, Pittsburgh quarterback Terry Bradshaw completed two touchdown passes, a 16-yarder to tight end Bennie Cunningham and a 20-yard one to wide receiver John Stallworth.

With the Steelers leading 17–10, the controversial play occurred during the last seconds of the third quarter after the Oilers advanced to the Pittsburgh 6-yard line. With a chance to tie the game, Quarterback Dan Pastorini threw a pass to Mike Renfro at the back of the end zone, and Renfro appeared to have caught it for a touchdown with both feet in bounds before he fell out of the end zone. TV replays suggested a catch for a touchdown. Despite this, the officials ruled the pass incomplete, saying that Renfro did not have complete control of the ball before going out of bounds. The Oilers then had to settle for a 23-yard field goal. The Steelers scored 10 unanswered points in the fourth quarter to clinch the victory. A 78-yard drive ended with a field goal and running back Rocky Bleier scored on a 4-yard rushing touchdown. Steelers running back Franco Harris rushed for 85 yards and caught 6 passes for 50 yards. Houston running back Earl Campbell, the NFL's leading rusher during the season, finished the game with just 15 yards on 17 carries.

This was the second postseason meeting between the Oilers and Steelers. Pittsburgh won the only previous meeting last season.

NFC: Los Angeles Rams 9, Tampa Bay Buccaneers 0
This was the first postseason meeting between the Rams and Buccaneers.

In a defensive battle in which the Rams squandered numerous scoring opportunities, Rams kicker Frank Corral kicked 3 field goals to win the game. Los Angeles was able to record 369 yards of total offense, while running backs Cullen Bryant and Wendell Tyler rushed for 106 and 86 yards, respectively. Meanwhile, the Buccaneers only had 177 total offensive yards, including 92 rushing yards and 85 passing yards. Tampa Bay starting quarterback Doug Williams completed just 2 of 13 passes before suffering a game-ending torn bicep injury. Most of Tampa Bay's passing yards came from a 42-yard halfback option pass from Jerry Eckwood to wide receiver Larry Mucker in the fourth quarter. During the game, two touchdowns were nullified by penalties, one by each team: a four-yard run by Bryant and a 27-yard reception by Buccaneers' tight end Jimmie Giles.

On their second drive of the game, LA drove to the Bucs 18-yard line, but Tyler lost a fumble due to a hit by Wally Chambers and linebacker Richard Wood recovered it. On their next drive, they drove 68 yards, including a 35-yard completion from Vince Ferragamo to Preston Dennard, to the Buccaneers 1-yard line where Corral made a 19-yard field goal. In the second quarter, they drove 58 yards and scored another short Corral field goal to take a 6–0 halftime lead. In the third quarter, the Rams appeared to score on a 20-yard pass, but the reception was ruled incomplete and Corral missed a 37-yard field goal on the next play. In the fourth quarter, Rams safety Eddie Brown's 16-yard punt return to midfield set up a 23-yard field goal from Corral for the final score of the game.

This was the first conference championship game in NFL history without a touchdown scored by either team.

Super Bowl XIV: Pittsburgh Steelers 31, Los Angeles Rams 19
This was the first Super Bowl meeting between the Rams and Steelers.

title: 1979–80 NFL playoffs


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Seven Hills of Rome (film)

Seven Hills of Rome (Italian title: Arrivederci Roma) is an Italian-American film international co-production released in January 1958 and shot on location in Rome and at the Titanus studios. It was filmed in Technicolor and Technirama, distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, was tenor Mario Lanza's penultimate film, and Marisa Allasio’s last film.

Plot
Marc Revere, an American TV singer of Italian heritage, travels to Italy in search of his jet-setting fiancée, Carol Ralston. Revere moves in with his comical and good hearted cousin Pepe Bonelli, a struggling artist who also befriends a beautiful young girl, Raffaella Marini, whom Revere had met on a train, and who develops a crush on him.

Revere, after some difficulty, lands a contract to sing in a fine nightclub, but misses his opening night due to unforeseen circumstances during a date with Carol. When Marc comes to the club later on to apologize, Carol's male escort insults him and the result is a fistfight that damages a good portion of the club. A judge orders Marc to sing there for free until he has attracted enough business to pay for the damages.

This turns out to be a blessing in disguise, as Marc eventually decides Rafaella is his true love and that he will remain in Italy with her.

Cast

 * Mario Lanza as Marc Revere
 * Marisa Allasio as Raffaella Marini
 * Renato Rascel as Pepe Bonelli
 * Anna Maria Saritelli as Extra
 * Peggie Castle as Carol Ralston
 * Clelia Matania as Beatrice
 * Carlo Rizzo as  Club Ulpia Director
 * Rossella Como as Anita
 * Guido Celano as Luigi
 * Carlo Giuffré as Franco Cellis
 * Marco Tulli as Romoletto
 * Paddy Crean as Mr. Fante

Music
The music was supervised and conducted by George Stoll, and included the following songs:

 * "The Seven Hills of Rome" - Music by Victor Young, Lyrics Harold Adamson
 * "Arrivederci Roma" - Renato Rascel
 * "Calypso Italiano" - George Stoll
 * "Vogliamoci tanto bene" - Music Renato Rascel, Lyrics Roger Berthier
 * "Come Dance With Me" - Music Richard Leibert, Lyrics George Blake
 * Imitation Medley (see below)
 * "Cielito Lindo" - music by Quirino Mendoza y Cortes (1859-1957)
 * "Loveliest Night of the Year" - just a stanza from Lanza's hit song

Among the selections that Lanza sings in this "vocal tour de force" (Variety) is "Arrivederci Roma", performed in the Piazza Navona (and recorded) with a young street urchin, Luisa Di Meo. In typical Lanza fashion, the star had encountered the youngster while in Rome and insisted on her appearing in the film. Lanza also performs a sequence of imitations of famous singers of the era — Perry Como; Frankie Laine; Dean Martin; and Louis Armstrong- "When The Saints Go Marching In" — committing to film what was one of his favorite party performances. Opera selections include "Questa o quella" from Rigoletto.

Production
The film was directed by Roy Rowland and was the first of only four films produced by Lester Welch. The screenplay was the last written by Art Cohn, who died two months after the film's release in the same airplane crash that killed famed producer Mike Todd, whose biography Cohn was writing at the time. Cohn partnered with Giorgio Prosperi on the script for the Lanza film, which was based on a story by Giuseppe Amato. The Italian title, Arrivederci Roma, was meant to be the American title of a film Lanza was scheduled to make in 1960, until he died in Rome in October 1959.

Reception
The film performed well at the box office. According to MGM records it earned $680,000 in the US and Canada and $1,275,000 in other countries, resulting in a profit of $162,000 for MGM.

Awards
Seven Hills of Rome was nominated for a Laurel Award (1959) from Motion Picture Exhibitor magazine.

title: Seven Hills of Rome (film)


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Søren Kierkegaard Research Center

Søren Kierkegaard Research Center (Søren Kierkegaard Forskningscentret) at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark is an independent foundation headed by Dr. Niels Jørgen Cappelørn, and is dedicated to the research and promotion of 19th-century philosopher, Søren Kierkegaard.

The purpose of Søren Kierkegaard Research Center is:

 * to carry out and promote Kierkegaard research from literary, theological and philosophical perspectives at both the national and international level
 * to establish a new complete edition of all of Kierkegaard’s writings: the works he himself had published, as well as the ones he left unfinished.

Søren Kierkegaard’s Writings will be completed by 2009 containing 55 volumes. It is to be translated into English, German, French, Spanish, and Chinese.

title: Søren Kierkegaard Research Center


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Nai Chung

Nai Chung is a countryside and a village in northeastern New Territories, Hong Kong. It is located at the east of Ma On Shan, partly lying within the Ma On Shan Country Park. Nai Chung lies in a larger area collectively known as Shap Sze Heung.

Administration
Despite its proximity to the neighbouring areas administered by Sha Tin and Sai Kung districts, Nai Chung is actually administered by Tai Po District. It is covered by the Sai Kung North constituency of the Tai Po District Council, which is currently represented by Ben Tam Yi-pui. Nai Chung is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy.

Features
It contains barbecue sites, which are popular destinations of school picnics, and some restaurants that serve Thai and Indian food.

title: Nai Chung


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George's Spaghetti House

George's Spaghetti House was a jazz club located at 290 Dundas Street East, Toronto.

History
In 1956 entrepreneur Doug Cole (1925–2012) bought the restaurant, keeping the existing name. Cole began to feature jazz at the restaurant on weekend evenings, and starting on 5 September 1960 booked music six nights per week. Saxophonist Moe Koffman served as the booking agent for the club. As a result, Koffman frequently booked himself into the club, giving rise to a running joke amongst Toronto's jazz fans and musicians, who would phone the club and say, "I'd like to know who is playing tonight, and I won't take Moe for an answer." Nevertheless, many of Canada's most famous jazz musicians played at the club, including Don Thompson, Ed Bickert, Guido Basso, Doug Riley, Terry Clarke, and Rob McConnell.

Cole later opened a restaurant called Castle George on the second floor of the building. He also operated two other clubs in Toronto: Bourbon Street and Basin Street, which occupied the upstairs and downstairs portions of 180 Queen Street West. Cole sold George's in 1983.

For his role in the development of jazz in Canada, Cole was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada in 2008. He died June 14, 2012.

Live albums

 * Moe Koffman - ‘’Live at George’s’’ (1975)
 * Ed Bickert - Ed Bickert (1975)

title: George's Spaghetti House