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Southern California Gas Company

The Southern California Gas Company (trading as SoCalGas) is a utility company based in Los Angeles, California, and a subsidiary of Sempra. It is the primary provider of natural gas to Los Angeles and Southern California.

Overview
Its headquarters are located in the Gas Company Tower in downtown Los Angeles.

SoCalGas provides natural gas service for approximately 21.6 million customers, spanning roughly 20,000 square miles of California, extending from Visalia in the north to the Mexican border in the south. Gas service for San Diego County is provided by sister utility San Diego Gas & Electric, and Southwest Gas and the Long Beach Gas & Oil Department (LBGO) carve out small portions of the Southern California area for natural gas delivery.

The company provides gas service for all or part of the following counties:
 * Fresno
 * Imperial
 * Kern
 * Kings
 * Los Angeles
 * Orange
 * Riverside
 * San Bernardino
 * San Luis Obispo
 * Santa Barbara
 * Tulare
 * Ventura

History
This gas company's roots trace back to the 1800s when new settlers arrived in Los Angeles in search of a new frontier. In 1867, Los Angeles Gas Company, the forerunner of today's Southern California Gas Company, installed 43 new gas lamps along Main Street. The gas lighting business was run by five entrepreneurs who manufactured the gas from asphalt, a tar-like substance, and later from oil.

The company was enjoying modest success until Thomas Edison introduced his electric light in 1879. With the future of the gas lamp business uncertain, the company began looking for other uses for gas, and Los Angeles soon had its first gas stove and heater. Meanwhile, Pacific Enterprises was looking to expand its gas business. Founded in San Francisco in 1886 as Pacific Lighting, the company bought several small gas manufacturing and distribution companies in the area, including the Los Angeles Gas Company in 1890. These companies ultimately became Southern California Gas Company.

By the early 20th century, natural gas—a colorless, odorless gas found in association with oil underground—was starting to gain attention. The breakthrough came with the discovery of the Buena Vista Oil Field near Taft, California in 1909, which included a huge reservoir of natural gas. Since natural gas had twice the heating value of manufactured gas, the company took the bold step to convert its system to natural gas and build pipelines throughout the state. Natural gas was soon found throughout the country, and demand for the fuel was rapidly growing. To meet customer demand, the company began storing gas in large holding tanks. In 1941, the company introduced a new system to the Southwest United States: underground storage of natural gas. By 2016, the company had four separate underground storage facilities, all of them depleted oil and gas fields repurposed as gas storage. The four are, in order from largest to smallest, the Aliso Canyon field, north of Porter Ranch; Honor Rancho, near Newhall; the La Goleta Gas Field adjacent to Goleta; and the Playa del Rey storage facility, north of Playa del Rey, near the Los Angeles International Airport.

As Southern California's population grew, so too, did the company, eventually becoming the nation's largest natural gas distribution utility, serving 19.5 million people through 5.5 million gas meters in more than 530 communities. Headquartered in Los Angeles, Southern California Gas Company is a subsidiary of Sempra, a Fortune 500 company based in San Diego. Its service area encompasses 23,000 sq mi (60,000 km2) of diverse terrain throughout most of Central and Southern California, from just south of Sanger to the Mexican border.

In late 2012, the company began the Advanced Meter Installation (AMI) Project that consists of upgrading over 6 million gas meters with the new Advanced Meter communication device. This device is attached to an analog gas meter that automatically and securely transfers gas usage information to the company's customer service and billing centers. The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) has approved a budget of $1.05 billion for this project, which is expected to be completed in 2017.

On March 6, 2019, SoCalGas announced a plan to replace 20 percent of its traditional natural gas supply with renewable natural gas (RNG) by 2030. SoCalGas' aims to be the cleanest natural gas utility in North America, which it plans to achieve by delivering increasingly renewable energy to its customers. As part of this effort, SoCalGas has partnered with startup Twelve to convert CO2 from raw biogas into methane.

Environmental impact
A gas leak from the underground Aliso Canyon gas storage started in October 2015 releasing methane uncontrollably. By December 2015, thousands of people from Porter Ranch had been temporarily relocated and the leak had added more than 150 million pounds of methane to the atmosphere. The NGO Environmental Defense Fund has called the incident "unprecedented for California" and compared the leak's continuous output of greenhouse gas emissions to that of 7 million cars or "8 or 9 coal-fired plants". The 20-year climate impact of this leak is estimated to be the same as burning a billion gallons of gasoline. The incident has been called "the biggest environmental disaster since the Deepwater Horizon oil spill" by journalists.

The company has advocated for mixing biogas into existing natural gas pipelines. However, California state officials have taken the position that biogas is "better used in hard-to-electrify sectors of the economy-- like aviation, heavy industry and long-haul trucking."

Pipelines

 * California Energy Commission map (PDF)

 * 1944: in light of the 1943/1944 gas shortage crisis in Southern California, new storage capacity needed. 36 miles of 16-inch pipe from the La Goleta Gas Field to the (Southern Counties Co. owned) Venture compressor station built by Southern Counties Gas Company ($1,083,290), also built a dehydration plant at Ventura. 66 miles of 18-inch pipe and 12 miles of 22-inch pipe between Ventura and Los Angeles built by the Southern California Gas Company ($2,368,900), pipe for this segment to be built by the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co. and the A. O. Smith Company of Milwaukee. 164,000,000cuft capacity planned, increase of Goleta capacity from 60,000,000 to 200,000,000cuft stated at completion. Pacific Lightning Corp. added 4 new dry gas wells tapping into old resources. announce: details:

 * Texas-California Pipe Line (1947): Federal Power Commission Docket No. G-675. 214 miles of 30-inch pipeline between Blythe and Santa Fe Springs, built in cooperation with the Southern Counties Gas Company, connecting to the 720 mile 26-inch El Paso Natural Gas Company line between the Eunice compressor station in Lea County, New Mexico and Blythe being constructed concurrently. Was initially planned to be 26-inch. Pipes worth $6,000,000 produced by Consolidated Steel (Maywood plant ), steel plates made by Geneva Steel from Utah iron ore. 175,000,000cuft/day initially and 305,000,000cuft/day eventually with further option of the 30-inch segment to 400,000,000cuft/day. Cost: $16,225,000 (California), $53,800,000 (EPNG). 30 year delivery contracts. H. C. Price Co. contracted to build the California segment at an estimated cost of $3,750,000. The line became operational on 13 November 1947, the final length was stated as 212.6 miles. Throughput reaches a new peak of 325,000,000cuft/day in March 1950.
 * operation of existing 10 mile 26-inch segment between Santa Fe Springs and Spence Street station as the final leg of the Texas-California pipeline (G-675) (conjecture: the Los Angeles 26-inch distribution system previously ended at Santa Fe Springs or there was a 26-inch pipeline built to carry oil from the Santa Fe Springs field).
 * 8.3 miles of 30-inch pipe between Rivera and Garvey jointly with Southern Counties Gas Co. and 4 miles of 30-inch pipe by Southern California Gas Co. exclusively between Garvey and Alhambra. Docket No. G-1045, authorized 28 July 1948. (conjecture: this is the Pasadena lateral referred to as the connection point for the 88 mile segment of G-1079).
 * 88 miles of 30-inch pipe to loop, in part, the Texas-California Pipeline from Whitewater to a junction on the Pasadena lateral near Montebello, Docket No. G-1079. WIth an additional 4,000hp at Blythe, this raises the capacity of the section from Blythe to Los Angeles from 305 to 405,000,000cuft/day. Authorized 10 September 1948. See also: El Paso Natural Gas Docket No. G-1051. (conjecture: this must obviously be the northern arm of the split south of San Bernardino and lays on the same right-of-way to the east of the split for some length).
 * 15 miles of 30-inch pipe from Rivera to the regulating station at Slauson Boulevard and Western Avenue (the other part of G-1079, but not connected to the 88 mile segment)
 * Imperial Valley Pipe Line (1948), FPC Docket No. G-1040. 73 mile 8-inch branch from the Texas-California Line near Desert Center to Calexico, 16,000,000cuft/day (also stated: 2,546,000,000cuft/year) in the firth year expected. est. cost $1,150,000. Authorized June 1948. Finished 16 December 1948. 1-page American Gas Journal article (March 1948):
 * 35 mile portion in RIverside County of the Moreno Line, a 85 mile, 16-inch pipeline connecting to the 30-inch Texas-California Line near Moreno. The Riverside County portion, FPC Docket No. G-1157 is a Southern Counties Gas Company - only project. Capacity of 40,000,000cuft/day of El Paso out of state natural gas. Estimated cost $1,931,700. Authorized 25 May 1949. The 50 mile San Diego County portion is G-1162. The point of connection is on the county border line.

title: Southern California Gas Company


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/John moffat

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE CDC   (talk)  16:21, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

John moffat
hoax/vanity. Do a search on "John moffat" and "Mufter" as implied by the article. Your search - "John moffat" " Mufter" - did not match any documents. Also a hoax hit game called "Forget the Alamo" was mentioned. If it was a hit game, then why isn't Google placing it (with "Forget the Alamo"+"game") on the first two page results. (didn't even bother to go on) "Forget the Alamo"+"Quake 3" didn't get any results. --Anonymous Cow 03:08, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Did you mean: "John Moffat" "Muster"? No, I meant Delete. android↔talk 03:27, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete This is somone's concept of a joke.  A self-described "con artist" tells us he created an excellent mod for Quake, and claims that he resides in ... "Tokyo, Arizona," a location I could find no reference to the existance of on Wikipedia or Altavista.  Vanity / Hoax page.  --TheAdversary 06:55, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * A 2005 hit quake mod without google hits? Mods to games aren't really notable on their own, and even if they were their creators aren't for sure. Delete this hoax. Mgm|(talk) 14:24, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. prank. The same anon prankster two minutes befor creating this vandalized Opeth. Mikkalai 17:16, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Talk:Surakarta

earlier comments
Awas!! Recent added text reads like something read before... PLEASE do not copy copyright material! SatuSuro 12:51, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

Sultan Temple
On Wikitravel, someone mention "Sultan Temple" in the "see section". I cannot find this place in Solo. Where is this "Sultan Temple"? Thanks. (unsigned comment no date - no such thing exists - a terrible misread and misinformation item) SatuSuro 03:03, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

Rebelions and terrorism
I was wondering if anyone knows if anyone was killed or injured when the bomb exploded on the bus on the way to Bali. See history section, recent developments. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Johnpacklambert (talk • contribs)
 * Hmmm - once i found info on that when googling Abu Bakar Bashir for Wikipedia. hang on I will see what I can find again. A far as internet info goes, this and the botched Borobudur bombing are really difficult. Info is also conflicting. Merbabu 03:12, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
 * OK this is used on the Borobudur page. Very brief - see footnotes page 14. Merbabu 03:14, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
 * ...and [this http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0502/p07s01-woap.html] - none of which specifically mentions the bus casualties (if any). Merbabu 03:17, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

The Sun god Surya, Koranic Suras and the goddess Sura
The Islamisation of Indonesia has meant that Hindu deity names are avoided in placenames such as Surakarta if possible. The city's name as Suryakarta venerates the Hindu Sun god who is traditionally the ancestor of the ruling dynasty. Conveniently for Muslims, dropping the y leaves a Koranic reference in that Suras are the sub-Books of the Koran. Hindus can have the last laugh on this change, however, as Sura is the goddess of Wine - banned under Islam. 210.50.176.146 12:36, 8 August 2007 (UTC) Ian Ison

 * Very unlikely - just another inventive play with words - standard word game standard word play - possible to read things like that all the time SatuSuro 03:03, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

Unexplained insertion
''Jamaah islam or Baasyir are not related in general with Surakarta. Please do not add them to this article. Thank You''.

As a born Solonese, i'm so glad that finally Jamaah islamiyah and Baasyir moved out from this page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by WikiSanktGerard (talk • contribs) 09:26, 30 April 2011 (UTC)

This item was placed into the text today and blanking occurred as well. There was nothing in this talk page as to why or who can claim authority for such a statement - Surakarta and its adjacent area is the area where these two items occur. Further explanation need to be made for such an unwarranted comment to be inserted.

Wikipedia is not censored - by editors specially - please take note. SatuSuro 11:31, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

 * We may not like the facts, but Wikipedia should still contain them, not censor them. See WP:NOTCENSORED for details. Davidelit (talk) 17:01, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

Baasyir is in fact living in Surakarta (Solo) but it is not a relevant information for the whole city. You may make a link to Baasyir but not inserting him in a paragraf in Surakarta page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.70.58.97 (talk • contribs)

Please learn to sign - as to whether how the edits are made and what content goes where - please read the information on your talk page before proscribing what goes where in english wikipedia - thanks SatuSuro 04:04, 8 October 2010 (UTC)

Dear SatuSuro, what should we do to make the Surakarta page become a better article, with better tourist information? I have a lot of tourist informations about the City. Can i put them here? —Preceding unsigned comment added by WikiSanktGerard (talk • contribs) 04:22, 8 October 2010 (UTC)

Flagicons
The flagicons for twin towns have been restored. The use of flag icons in twin town/sister city items is standard Wikipedia practice and is not  about  be challenged here. Further removals may be met  with  warnings for disruptive editing to  make a point. --Kudpung (talk) 05:18, 30 December 2010 (UTC)
 * call me old fashioned and quaint, but I my interpretation of wikipedia's civilty policies kind of precluded block warnings as openers to discusions with long term good faith editors who are only trying to edit by the style guide. I'm mean - ffs. Get a grip. IMHO there are superior approaches using a bit more tact and diplomacy.--Merbabu (talk) 06:12, 30 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I never intended anything against any user and I came upon the article "Surakarta", while researching the biography of an Indonesian Roman Catholic bishop. The only reason, that made me edit this article was the different look of the "sisters cities section". So I am not a bad faith editor or anything close it.I have edited or created at about 1500 articles and none of them with controversial intention. There was a very interesting information for me about the sistership between Surakarta and Montana in Bulgaria, because I am Bulgarian and my father comes from just that region.That is why I checked second time the article after a few days and found the reverted revision.Drjmarkov (talk) 07:14, 30 December 2010 (UTC)

Improvement
Hi all, as I noted here, I'm going to improve this article per the Indonesian article. Any help (edits) and/or suggestion are welcomed. Terima kasih. Bennylin (talk) 08:43, 19 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Hi, i think we need to make the History - Struggle for Independence - section more simple. There are some irrelevant informations and the writing looks untidy. Let's improve it. Thanks —Preceding unsigned comment added by WikiSanktGerard (talk • contribs) 09:20, 8 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Agree. In Indonesian WP, I've split it to separate page. Thanks for the copyedit and improvement. Gonna finish all the sect-stub once I got the time. Bennylin (talk) 12:56, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Hi i want to give suggestion about famous person from Surakarta, i think there is still more person, excluding the names that you had mentioned in the page, may I? Sepedakuning (talk) 15:34, 6 September 2016 (UTC)

Population
I found two three numbers from Biro/Badan Pusat Statistik - BPS (Central Statistic Bureau/Body): I use the first one. Bennylin (talk) 13:24, 19 March 2011 (UTC)
 * 520061
 * 528202
 * 499337

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 13:12, 3 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Flag of Central Java.svg

title: Talk:Surakarta


text:
Talk:EcoRI

Untitled
We may just want to redirect this to restriction enzyme... – ClockworkSoul 03:11, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

EcoR1 (sometimes spelled with a roman one as in EcoRI) -- Make that always spelled. I've never seen it done differently, except from students who've only heard it said and not seen it written. 128.104.112.77 23:07, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

I have edited the article to replace the reference to the original enzyme-DNA cocrystal structure published in Science in 1986. The structure published in that paper was later found to be incorrect by the group that published it, which explains why biochemical data gathered by researchers in other laboratories were not consistent with the published structure. A revised structure that has consistently been supported by other biochemical research was published as a Technical Comment in Science in 1990, and this latter publication is the appropriate journal reference for the structure. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.160.190.11 (talk) 22:33, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

reference strangeness
If someone can explain to me what's going on with the references, then I can fix them if no-one else knows how... --Arkelweis (talk) 01:20, 24 September 2009 (UTC)

Proposals for improvements?
I'm supposed to edit a scientific article for my molecular bio class, but I wanted to start out with a small article. Please let me know what you think! In the introduction, it says that EcoRI "creates 4 nucleotide sticky ends". This may be misleading in a couple ways. From that phrase, I couldn't tell whether the sticky ends were created on one of the strands in four different locations, or if it meant the length of the sticky ends was 4 base pairs. It should be made clear that EcoRI makes two cuts, each cut creating a sticky end. It should go on to describe what a sticky end actually is. The part "5' end overhangs of AATT" was a little vague, as well. Maybe here, it could be specified that the cut was made between the G and the A, as shown in the figure. In the figure of the EcoRI recognition site, it might be ideal to include the 5' and 3' ends for directionality. Maybe also explain that restriction enzymes tend to be palindromic (a term that I learned with this class, although it might have another term) with their complementary sequences. It may be useful to include an example of EcoRI being used for genetic deletion from, say, a target plasmid. Bwongcha (talk) 11:20, 13 February 2016 (UTC)

Wiki Education- Course Assignment
Hello Wikipedia community, This is Fadi Asrawi, a Molecular Biology master student and, this is the article that assigned to me under the Recent Developments in Biotechnology Course. Further details are available on the course page. Fadi Asrawi (talk) 21:03, 21 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:EcoRI


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Jump Around

"Jump Around" is a song by American hip hop group House of Pain, produced by DJ Muggs of Cypress Hill, who has also covered the song, and was released in May 1992 by Tommy Boy and XL as the first single from their debut album, House of Pain (1992). The song became a hit, reaching number three in the United States. A 1993 re-release of the song in the United Kingdom, where the initial release had been a minor hit, peaked at number eight. Its music video was filmed in New York City, featuring footage from the 1992 Saint Patrick's Day parade.

"Jump Around" was ranked at position 580 on Q Magazines "1001 Best Songs Ever", number 24 on VH1's "100 Greatest Songs of the 90s", number 66 on VH1's "100 Greatest Songs of Hip Hop", number 325 on Blenders "500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born" and number 47 on NME's "100 Best Songs of the 1990s". The song is popular among dancehall DJs and is widely regarded in the United Kingdom as a club classic.

Development
DJ Muggs has stated that he originally produced the beat for Cypress Hill, but rapper B-Real couldn’t come up with the lyrics. It was subsequently offered to Ice Cube, who refused it, before finally being taken and used by House of Pain.

Samples
The song features a distinctive horn fanfare intro, sampled from Bob & Earl's 1963 track "Harlem Shuffle". The song also samples "Popeye the Hitchhiker" by Chubby Checker, but it is best known for a high-pitched squealing sound that appears at the beginning of almost every bar—66 times in the course of the recording.

Sampling controversy
The origin of the squeal has been the subject of debate. In a 2006 interview with Seattle Weekly, Divine Styler's article mentions sampling the same squeal 'Jump Around' used for his single "Ain't Sayin' Nothin", Complex also noted this potential connection with "Ain't Sayin' Nothin" in 2012.

American blogger Anil Dash and musician Questlove of hip-hop band The Roots have insisted on Prince's "Gett Off" as the source, while WhoSampled had listed Junior Walker and the All Stars' "Shoot Your Shot" as the source. In 2016, a Newsweek reader performed a spectrogram analysis, which revealed that the sample more closely matched "Shoot Your Shot", and House of Pain member Everlast himself told Questlove that it was a horn making the squeal and not Prince. However, Anil Dash claimed the band denied that the sample was Prince to avoid paying royalties to the singer. Prince never commented on the matter. The Prince connection was also noted in a performance by Bruno Mars using 'Gett Off' and 'Jump Around' together for a dance routine with his single Finesse at the 2018 Grammy Awards.

For his part, DJ Muggs said the sample came from neither Prince nor Junior Walker, likely as a way to avoid licensing fees. In 2020, Everlast stated that the sample came from Divine Styler's "Ain't Sayin' Nothin", which samples "Shoot Your Shot".

Critical reception
J.D. Considine for Schenectady, New York's The Daily Gazette described the song as "springy" and Scott Sterling from The Michigan Daily called it the "most happening track" on the House of Pain album. Bill Wyman from Entertainment Weekly said, "It’s a charging dance number based on a sampled snatch of bagpipe." Another EW editor, Leah Greenblatt, wrote that "the first and only members of hip-hop's Irish-American Thug Life Hall of Fame earned their spot in that (imaginary) pantheon with this killer blast of rapid-fire rap bravado." Brian A. Samson from the Gavin Report commented that "this uptempo single provides listeners with what H.O.P. calls "fine malt lyrics." Laced with squeaky buzzes that sounds like of a clarinet played by a novice, the beats should provide for some head-noddin' action."

Across the Atlantic, Dublin-based Evening Herald declared it as a "compelling single", while the Irish Independent said the group had "made a fairly groovy record." Stephen Trousse from Melody Maker wrote that it "has already achieved a frightening ubiquity, becoming 1992's evil twin hip hop hit to Arrested Development's 'People Everyday'". Music Week's RM Dance Update complimented it as an "excellent debut", noting that "built on a chugging Caribbean rhythm, 'Jump Around' features a strong Heavy D-like rap and its popularity is ensured by a chanted chorus with the buzz word 'Jump'. With a sleeve festooned with shamrock leaves and an Irish flag, it seems Tommy Boy may have beaten Talkin' Loud in the race to give us Irish rap." An editor, Andy Beevers, called it "an infectious bouncy track", adding that lyrically, "their invitation to jump is as aggressive as Kris Kross's was cute." Johnny Dee from NME remarked its "fresh perkiness", praising the song as "the crispest rap biscuit of the season". Upon the 1993 re-release, he stated that it "still makes your body feel as if it was possessed by a jumping bean". Rupert Howe from Select magazine described it as a "Kris-Kross-with testosterone smash" and added that it is "an impossibly simple freestyle skank that stormed the US billboard big-time."

Chart performance
In the United States, "Jump Around" peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100, while reaching number five on the Billboard Hot Rap Songs chart and number 17 on the Billboard Billboard Dance Club Songs chart. In Canada, the single hit number seven on the RPM Dance/Urban chart and number 45 on the RPM Top Singles chart. In Europe, it entered the top 10 in Ireland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. In the latter, "Jump Around" peaked at number eight in its second run on the UK Singles Chart, on May 23, 1993. Additionally, it was a top 30 hit in Belgium and Sweden, as well as on the Eurochart Hot 100, where it peaked at number 30 in June 1993. In Oceania, the single peaked at number 15 in Australia and number 31 in New Zealand.

"Jump Around" earned a gold record in Australia and double platinum in the UK, with a sale of 35,000 and 1,200,000 singles, respectively. In the US, it earned a platinum record, when 1 million units were sold there.

Retrospective response
In 2019, About.com's Bill Lamb ranked "Jump Around" one of "Top 10 Pop Songs of 1992", saying, "After one time of hearing this riveting blend of rap and rock, you will likely never forget the sampled saxophone squeal from Jr. Walker and the All Stars that leads off every bar." He also wrote, "For a brief period of time in the 1990s, it seemed that the marriage of edgy rock and hip-hop could actually become a thing. 'Jump Around' is proof that the union could either be incredibly infectious or annoying, depending on one's tolerance for the incessant siren that accompanies the pounding beats." AllMusic editor Rob Theakston described the song as a "dynamite classic". He also stated that the "anthem" that got the Irish boys rolling in the first place "still sounds as timeless and energetic nearly a decade along". In October 2023, Billboard ranked "Jump Around" number 442 in their "Best Pop Songs of All Time", saying, "That head-nodder of a rap song with the catchy squeal that gets everyone to literally “jump around” for the home team at sporting events, causing stadiums to shake to their foundations." In February 2024, the magazine ranked it number eight in their "The 100 Greatest Jock Jams of All Time". NME ranked it number six in their list of "Singles of the Year" in December 1992. In 2012, NME featured it in their list of "100 Best Songs of the 1990s", describing the song as "irresistible, the ultimate easy floorfiller, and floor-destroyer." In 2003, Q Magazine included it in their list of "1001 Best Songs Ever".

Music video
The accompanying music video for "Jump Around" was filmed during the 1992 New York City Saint Patrick's Day parade. Portions were shot on the parade route as well as in Central Park and Old Town Bar and Restaurant. New York Yankees super fan and Yankee Stadium regular Freddy Schuman can be seen in the parade crowd, ringing his signature shamrock pan near the end of the video. The video ends with a dedication to the memory of Matt Champy, a friend of the band who died in 1992.

Track listings

 * 1) "Jump Around" (Master mix) – 3:37
 * 2) "Jump Around" (DJ Bizznizz remix) – 4:06
 * 3) "Jump Around" (Pete Rock remix) – 3:56
 * 4) "House of Pain Anthem" (Master mix) – 2:35

Cover versions
In 2013, Everlast released a cover of the song, as "Jump Around?". It was released on the EP The Life Acoustic.

On September 16, 2016, British YouTuber and rapper KSI released his own version of "Jump Around", featuring American rapper Waka Flocka Flame.

In 2019, American nu metal band Coming for Blood released a cover version of "Jump Around", featuring former House of Pain and current Limp Bizkit member DJ Lethal on turntables.

Use in sports
At home football games at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, students "Jump Around" to the song between the third and fourth quarters. It stirred up fans and players and eventually became a tradition. The song's title is displayed on unofficial Wisconsin Badgers clothing and apparel, along with the credit/debit cards of the university's employee/student/alumni credit union.

Professional wrestlers J. C. Ice and Wolfie D, collectively known as PG-13, used a censored version of the song as their entrance to the rings.

The song appears in the 1996 golf film Happy Gilmore during a highlights sequence.

The Detroit Tigers use this song when they hit a home run. Brian Wilson also used it as his entrance song in 2010 while he was relief pitcher for the San Francisco Giants.

Whenever the Rally Monkey, the unofficial mascot of the Los Angeles Angels makes an appearance on the Angel Stadium videoboard, she would be seen holding a sign saying that it's 'RALLY TIME!" while the song plays.

The Vegas Golden Knights use this song as the teams return to the ice for the 3rd period.

Two time Darts World Champion Gary Anderson (darts player) from Scotland uses this song as his walk on music.

title: Jump Around


text:
Talk:Jump Around

Release date???
How was this released in 1988 and recorded in 1992? Something is not right here. 84.109.103.33 (talk) 09:05, 26 October 2014 (UTC)

There is another song with the same rhythm as Jump Around that I totally think that kicks @$$! if a Wikipedian can name it, send me a message about it. And also, mention it in the Jump Around article. --TheSamurai 03:12, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Madison, WI needs a better mention
The article mentions "Just as in Madison, during the song the entire student section jumps up and down," and that is the only reference to Camp Randall Stadium (U of Wisconsin, Madison, WI) where Jump Around was covertly started then later sanctioned in the mid-1990s, and has a noteworthy and controversial history there. There is a Wikipedia article on Camp Randall Stadium which could be linked.

ProfessorLudwigVonDrake (talk) 05:52, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

Under Pressure?
The beat to this song sounds a lot like David Bowie's and Queen's Under Pressure to me. Is it a sample, and was this ever an issue as in the case of Vanilla Ice's Ice Ice Baby? 4.238.179.84 (talk) 23:03, 1 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, Vanilla Ice ended up having to pay Queen for using the music from Under Pressure. Not sure how much, or whether he/they did so voluntarily or were required to.  I'm guessing Kid Rock is paying the estate of Warren Zevon for using the music to Werewolves of London these days, too.  Posthocergopropterhoc (talk) 04:28, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
 * No, this is not a sample of Under Pressure. The case never went to court because V. Ice obviously used Under Pressure without concent or license.  He was ordered to pay an undisclosed (but likely very high) amount to Queen and David Bowie. 71.193.78.91 (talk) 23:18, 6 September 2013 (UTC)

No Mention of Ice Cube's "Check Yo Self"?
I mean, considering House of Pain clearly ripped it off - even some of the lyrics are only slightly changed - you'd think there'd be some mention.--203.70.94.243 (talk) 09:02, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

Hey, Ice Cube ripped off Cypress Hill's "Throw Your Set In The Air", so he's one to talk! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.171.37.139 (talk) 17:12, 1 July 2009 (UTC)

External Links:: Why do they reference Wisconsin Badgers football & Insane Clown Posse singles discography
Seems to be unrelated to me. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mostlegendary (talk • contribs) 07:47, 15 October 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Discussion of deletes
In the past few months, a large sections of this article have been deleted for various reasons, such as this large delete of all the Popular culture sections as trivia.

Admittedly it was very long, and verbose, and was not as well sourced as it should be, but removing it entirely does not improve the article.

It leaves it unclear that the song has been used extensively in film and television. This should probably be mentioned in some way, but the long list of specific examples might have been unnecessary. For example from the many films listed it was not clear if the song was simply included on the soundtrack album and played in the background or of the song was prominently featured in the show, or was important in any other way.

It leaves it unclear that the song has been used extensively in sports, by many different teams. Again it didn't need a whole section, with twelve subsections, but it seems like it should be mentioned somewhere in the article, that the song was used in many different teams in many different sports (#8 of 25 in a list of top MLB walk-up songs).

The examples of the song being used in advertising all seemed to be properly sourced. Maybe it only needed one sentence mentioning Bridgestone, State Farm, and Pringles, rather than a list explaining all three campaigns but it seemed unnecessary to delete properly sourced information without any discussion.

It might be notable that the song was used without license by the 2016 Trump campaign. I get that there a long list of musicians that politicians in general and Trump in particular have pissed off by flagrantly ignoring their copyright, but I think it was notable. It was reported by Billboard (the one reference provided) and other music publications too, Rolling Stone and NME, and was picked up by other publications such as BusinessInsider TMZ The AV Club Entertainment Weekly Newsday which seems to meet the standard of WP:NOTABLE.

Another large delete was the list of Cover songs. I see WP:COVERSONG but I find it difficult to believe none of the covers are notable, or worth mentioning somewhere in the article that Limp Bizkit regularly performed the song live, or that Busta Rhymes used the same sample in one of his songs (which make it not actually a cover, so it might have been in the wrong place but maybe it is still worth mentioning somewhere?).

Those deletes removed a whole lot of WP:GOODFAITH efforts to improve the article, so while I can understand the need to trim back some of the details I think maybe more was removed than was entirely necessary and that some of it could be salvaged, and the article would still be improved. -- 109.76.133.190 (talk) 16:08, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

 * The first thing I would say is that Wikipedia works best when it is concise, giving the reader only the most important information. It was never intended to supply an exhaustive list of related events for each topic.
 * Good faith efforts to improve the article are not the same as actual improvements to the article.
 * WP:SONGCOVER is clear that the listed cover versions should be discussed in the literature as important or significant. We can't list songs just because they exist, for instance the version by Moonbootica, which is not remarkable in any way. Binksternet (talk) 17:09, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

 * That's really my point, I agree it should have been more concise and it got too long but the deletes in response went too far. On the one hand it was excessive to have 12 subsections about sports in an article that is supposed to be about a song, but on the other hand having no mention of it at all goes too far the other way. -- 109.76.133.190 (talk) 01:06, 3 November 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jump Around


text:
Reference Re BC Motor Vehicle Act

Reference Re BC Motor Vehicle Act, [1985] 2 SCR 486, was a landmark reference submitted to the Supreme Court of Canada regarding the constitutionality of the British Columbia Motor Vehicle Act. The decision established one of the first principles of fundamental justice in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms ("Charter"), beyond mere natural justice, by requiring a fault component for all offences with penal consequences. The decision also proved important and controversial for establishing fundamental justice as more than a procedural right similar to due process, but also protects substantive rights even though such rights were counter to the intent of the initial drafters of the Charter.

Background
Section 94(2) of the Motor Vehicle Act of British Columbia created an absolute liability offence of driving while with a suspended licence. To obtain a conviction, the Crown needed only to establish proof of driving regardless of whether the driver was aware of the suspension. A successful conviction carried a prison term of a minimum of seven days.

The British Columbia Court of Appeal held that the Act violated a principle of fundamental justice under section 7 of the Charter.

Decision
Lamer J, writing for a unanimous court, held that an absolute liability, which makes a person liable for an offence whether he or she took steps not to be at fault, violates the principles of fundamental justice. Therefore, any possibility of a deprivation of life, liberty or security of person from an absolute liability offence offends the Charter. A law that violates section 7 cannot be saved by section 1 of the Charter except for extreme circumstances (for example, natural disasters, outbreaks of war, epidemics). The principles of fundamental justice impose a stricter test than section 1. Thus, any law that violates the principles of fundamental justice will most likely not be saved by section 1.

In surveying means of interpreting the constitution, Lamer dismissed the practice of relying on the testimony of the original drafters of the Constitution as interpretive aids and effectively rejected the use of an original intent approach to constitutional interpretation. Reference was made to the living tree doctrine.

The Court also rejected the more restricted definition of fundamental justice under the Canadian Bill of Rights, as described in Duke v R.

The Court noted the alternative view of fundamental justice as natural justice would have been an easier requirement for the government to satisfy. That would limit the rights to life, liberty, and security of person, or, as the Supreme Court put it, place the rights "in a sorely emaciated state". Liberty, for example, would be seen as not as comprehensive a right as section 9, which guards against arbitrary arrest and detention. Security of person would also be less comprehensive than section 8 rights against unreasonable search and seizure. Such an interpretation, the Court decided, would be inconsistent with the normal reading of the Charter, demonstrated in Law Society of Upper Canada v Skapinker and Hunter v Southam Inc, which was meant to be generous. Lamer added that sections 8 to 14 should be seen as provided examples of principles of fundamental justice.

Another reason for discarding the Duke interpretation of fundamental justice was the difference in wording between the Bill of Rights and the Charter. In guaranteeing fundamental justice, the Bill of Rights references a "fair hearing". Section 7 does not mention a fair hearing, and the only context for fundamental justice is the "much more fundamental rights" of life, liberty and security of person.

title: Reference Re BC Motor Vehicle Act


text: User talk:69.110.18.100

title: User talk:69.110.18.100


text:
David Fleay

David Howells Fleay (6 January 1907 – 7 August 1993) was an Australian scientist and biologist who pioneered the captive breeding of endangered species, and was the first person to breed the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) in captivity.

He died on 7 August 1993 aged 86.

Early life
Fleay was born in Ballarat, Victoria, and had an aesthetic upbringing: His mother, Maude Edith Victoria Fleay, was a notable wildlife artist and had studied painting under Fred McCubbin; his father, William Henry Fleay, was a manufacturing chemist in Ballarat. After education at a state primary school and later a private high school, Ballarat Grammar School, Fleay was first employed in his father's chemist shop and then was briefly a teacher at Ballarat Grammar.

He left for Melbourne in 1927 to study for a Bachelor of Science degree and Diploma of Education at Melbourne University. There, he met another student, Mary Sigrid Collie, and they married in 1931, the same year that Fleay graduated having majored in zoology, botany and education. He was employed as a teacher in Ballarat until 1934.

Work in natural science
Fleay's interest in the natural world coincided with the awakening of scientific interest in endangered species, and the realisation by the public that Australian animals were worthy of attention other than as a source of food.

He realised the importance of endangered species early in his career when, in 1933, he was the last person to photograph a captive thylacine or Tasmanian tiger at the Hobart Zoo. In the process he was bitten on the buttocks, the scar from the injury carried proudly throughout his life.

In 1934, Fleay was asked to design and establish the Australian animal section at Melbourne Zoo, and worked there for four years. During this time he had several scientific achievements, including the first breeding in captivity of the emu, several bird species including the tawny frogmouth, and marsupials including the koala. He also commenced research into the breeding habits of the platypus. His next public education efforts were nature talks on a Melbourne radio station, in 1937. Later that year, disagreements with the zoo's management came to a head and Fleay was dismissed, principally because of his belief that native birds and animals should be fed what they would eat in the wild.

In 1962 Fleay co-founded the Wildlife Preservation Society of Queensland with Judith Wright, Brian Clouston and Kathleen McArthur.

Healesville Sanctuary
Coincidentally, the Healesville Sanctuary some 90 km from Melbourne was in need of a director and he was appointed. The animals there included quolls, Tasmanian devils, dingoes and various birds of prey, to which he added tiger snakes that were milked for antivenene, and platypus. Many animals were housed in large paddock-like areas with swing-weighted gates so that visitors could freely interact with the animals. He also conducted daily 'feeding' displays of the platypuses.

His greatest achievement at Healesville was in 1943, when he bred the first platypus in captivity. His platypusary (platypus enclosure) incorporated features of their native streams. On about 5 November 1943, "Corrie" was born. No-one other than Fleay successfully bred and reared a platypus until 1998 when Healseville Sanctuary again had success. Since then, breeding has occurred only twice more: at Healesville and Taronga Zoo (twins).

Between 1945–1947, Fleay led an expedition to Tasmania in an attempt to capture a breeding pair of thylacines; however, he returned empty handed.

In 1947, he took three platypuses to New York for the Bronx Zoo where they occupied a platypusary built to his specifications. He studied animal husbandry at various zoos and wildlife sanctuaries across the US, returning to Healesville in October to discover that the Board had dismissed him for supposed unauthorised donations of animals to various foreign zoos. While untrue, this caused considerable hurt: He was demoted and remained at Healesville as a consultant.

He was also keeping a private collection of animals, but in 1951 the Government of Victoria legislated to prevent private individuals from charging fees for the public to see animal collections. This caused him to decide to move the collection.

Burleigh, Queensland
After extensive research, the Tallebudgera Estuary in the hinterland behind Burleigh on the Gold Coast in Queensland was selected, the reasons including that it offered an untouched natural habitat for koalas apart from already having cleared areas (then farmland) for development of animal enclosures. The Fleays gradually acquired land and by 1958 had enclosures for people to see platypuses, snakes, dingoes, plain turkeys, ospreys, crocodiles and alligators; in contrast, bandicoots, flying foxes, sea eagles, wallabies and koalas, were free to visit from adjoining the forest. However, his focus was on the scientific study of the animals.

The area also included middens used by earlier generations of the Gold Coast's Kombumerri Aboriginal people. Fleay retained these heritage areas, and maintained good relationships with the Kombumerri.

The animals were fed partly from donations from local bakers and butchers, with local residents donating dead animals to feed the owls (or the goannas if no longer fresh); mice and rats were collected frequently from the McKerras Research Institute behind the hospital; worms were collected fresh daily for the platypuses; eels, pigeons and flying foxes were also killed to provide food for the owls, snakes and crocodiles.

Injured or sick animals from as far away as New Guinea and Central Queensland were accommodated at the sanctuary. Those that lived were kept for research or breeding; native animals, when recovered, were released into the wild; deceased animals were fed to the survivors.

In 1982, 37 acres (150,000 m²) of the land owned by David and Sigrid Fleay was sold to the Queensland Government and became a Conservation Park. The following year, the 20 acre (81,000 m²) main Fauna Reserve with its animal enclosures was also sold to the Government. The remainder of the site 7.5 acres (30,000 m²) was transferred in 1985. Under the terms of this arrangement, David and Sigrid Fleay continued to live and work at the park: In 1983 it closed for five years for redevelopment and re-opened in 1988. The government retains the property as the David Fleay Wildlife Park.

Achievements

 * First captive breeding of the platypus (1943), mulgara (1955), planigale (midget marsupial) (1958), taipan (snake) (1960), powerful owl Ninox strenua (1968), greater sooty owl Tyto tenebricosa (1969), grey goshawk (1971), Australian masked owl Tyto novaehollandiae (1971), Australasian grass owl Tyto longimembris (1972), crested hawk (1975), wedge-tailed eagle Aquila audax (1977), and fluffy glider Petaurus australis (1988).
 * Extensive snake venom production, including death adders, brown snakes, mulga snakes and tiger snakes for Dr C.H. Kellaway of The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research.

Honours

 * Australian Natural History Medallion for 1940, inaugural awardee
 * elected as a Corresponding Member of the Zoological Society of London in 1945
 * elected as a Corresponding Member (Life) of the New York Zoological Society in 1947
 * Appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1960
 * Associate of the Queensland Museum in 1978
 * Fellow of the Explorers Club in New York in 1979
 * Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 1980
 * Advance Australia Award in 1980
 * honorary Doctorate of Science by the University of Queensland in 1984
 * appointed a Rotary Paul Harris Fellow in 1984

Animals bearing his name

 * Fleay's barred frog (Mixophyes fleayi)
 * the Tasmanian wedge-tailed eagle (Aquala audax fleayii), a separate sub-species identified by Fleay

Publications

 * We Breed the Platypus (1944)
 * Gliders of the gum trees: the most beautiful and enchanting Australian marsupials (1947)
 * Talking of Animals (1956, reprinted 1960)
 * Living with Animals (1960)
 * Nightwatchmen of Bush and Plain (1968)
 * Paradoxical Platypus (1980)
 * Looking at Animals (1981)
 * photographs featured in E. Byrne's The Unique Animals of Australia (1961)
 * Extensive writing as a newspaper columnist on natural history topics
 * Scientific papers including in The Victorian Naturalist, The Australian Zoologist, Walkabout and Wild Life

title: David Fleay


text: Talk:Michael Stivic

title: Talk:Michael Stivic


text: User talk:24.218.219.126

title: User talk:24.218.219.126


text:
User:AllyUnion/did you know.pl

The following code is licensed under the GPL and the Creative Commons Attribution License. -- AllyUnion (talk) 03:21, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This code is not working -- AllyUnion (talk) 03:21, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * FYI: The system calls to python2.3 are calls to the pywikipediabot framework... as perl takes like so many packages just to download files and I don't have access to an English module version that allows me to post to the English wikipedia. -- AllyUnion (talk) 03:27, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Basic idea:
 * 1) Leave three blocks of "...that" on Template talk:Did you know
 * 2) Move all other blocks of "...that" to Recent additions
 * 3) Move oldest blocks on Recent additions to an archive page if Recent additions exceeds 50 "...that" lines.

didyouknow.cfg
lastarchive = 25
 * 1) Last archive that the program is on, do not attempt to update manually.

title: User:AllyUnion/did you know.pl


text:
User:Fadix/Ottoman Armenian Casualties

The estimation of Armenian deaths between 1914 to 1923 during what is called the Armenian genocide and what followed as the Turkish war of independence is a subject of controversy. Most estimations for the losses between 1915 to 1917-18 range from 600,000 to 1.5 million. This article present some statistics of the Armenian deaths during the last years of Ottoman Empire.

The Official Ottoman statistics
The official Ottoman statistics compiled, for the period between 1915 to 1917-18, were of 800,000 killed, which suggest that possibly over a million perished. This figure originates from Djemal's bureau’s compilation statistics. The results have been published in the official Ottoman gazette.1

It was allegedly the result of a commission formed by the interior minister Mustafa Arif. It is said that they relied on reports and statistics they have compiled in a period of two months, in March 14, 1919, the results were made public by Djemal. This same figure has been mentioned in Rauf Orbay's own memoirs.2 The initial results apparently represented, those that were “massacred” during the deportation, without any indication as to the total number of people having perished; Mustafa Kemal during a conversation he had with Major General Harbord the chief of the American Military Mission to Armenia in September 1919 repeated the same number.3

However, following the dissolution of the military tribunal, those figures were reinterpreted continuously as to finally represent the total number of Armenian casualties. The Turkish author Taner Akçam refers to a Turkish military published by Lt. Col. Nihat in 1928, in which the figure of 800,000 did not any more represent those as “massacred” or “killed” but simply perished. Then, the historian Bayur in famous work wrote: "800,000 Armenians and 200,000 Greeks died as a result of deportations or died in labor brigades." And concluded: “According to our official sources, these numbers are correct."4

Other Ottoman sources
While the official figures were of 800,000 killed, there were many unofficial numbers presented during the war by some Ottoman authorities, Talat for instance presented the figure of 300,000, but there are no indication as to how those figures were obtained. And this figure is currently the one used often by the Turkish government officials.

Justin McCarthy estimates
Justin McCarthys figures are often referred in various works, more particularly works which are considered by some to be supporting the Turkish government theses that the Armenian massacres do not constitute genocide. Even though professor Justin McCarthy is a Western academic, his numbers of Armenian casualties are derived from his statistics of Armenian population which in their turn were derived from Ottoman record(by applying correction values), therefore, some scholars considers them Ottoman sources rather than a Western one. The way he proceeded is to subtract from his figures of Armenian population, the figure he calculated as survivors. And came to a little less than 600,000 as Armenian casualties for the period 1914 to 1922.5 But as in the cases of his population his statistics are controversial. In a more recent essay of his, he project that if the Armenian records of 1913 were accurate, 250,000 more deaths should be added,6 for a total of 850,000. McCarthy figures as well doesn't include the Armenian population losses from the Russian Armenia lands loss in the profit of the Ottoman Empire, and he is as well criticized of overestimating the survivor table. Frédéric Paulin goes as far as comparing his methodology with Rassiniers method in calculating the European Jewry losses during World War II.7

Germany
Of all the nations involved during the war, Germany is considered by many to be the best placed besides the Ottoman Empire, to have access to most of the deportation and murder sites. Some consider this to be the reason why, from all the nations, Germany seemed to provide the most complete and highest estimates of Armenian losses during the war.

A report provided that as soon as February 1916, 1.5 million Armenians were destroyed,8 it might have been considered as an over-estimation, but a report in May 27, 1916, by the Foreign Office Intelligence Director, Erzberger, provided the same figure.9 This was followed with a October 4, 1916 report, by the German Interim Ambassador to Turkey, Radowitz, again with 1.5 million as the estimate of Armenian's having perished.10 It seems that the generally cited 1.5 million figure had originated from those German sources. What might be considered by many, one of the most balanced German account, is those of the German major Endres, who served in the Turkish army, and who has estimated the number of Armenian's having lost their lives during the war to be 1.2 million.11 The same figure was mentioned during the Yozgat trial,12 as well as presented during the Permanent Peoples Tribunal13 and often cited elsewhere.

Austria-Hungry
While, Austria did not present wide ranges of statistics and estimates, some exists.

The Austrian consul at Trabzon and Samsun, Dr. Kwatkiowski on March 13, 1918 reported to Vienna restricting himself to the six eastern provinces, Trabzon and Samsun district, that from the million deported, most died, while Austria-Hungary's Adrianople (Edirne) consul Dr. Nadamlenzki reported that for the entire Ottoman Empire 1.5 million were already deported.14 The Austrian Vice Marashal Pomiankowski estimated the Armenian losses to be about a million.15

The allies and neutral parties
Contrary to the Ottoman official statistics, and German wide ranges of figures, most of the allies' statistics of Armenian losses were incomplete. The reason is believed to be the allies limited access to reliable sources of information within the Empire, being the “enemy” sides, they were more restricted to investigate. But still, it is important to note that there were wildly used sources.

One of those, was Toynbee numbers. He presented 600,000 for 1915,16 while his work is considered by many to be well researched, it doesn't includes the Armenian victims from 1916 to 1917-18, as professor Melson writes: "Toynbee’s description and analysis stop with the winter of 1915 and the spring of 1916, by which time the bulk of the Armenian population has been killed or deported. As valuable as it is, this work cannot take into account what subsequently happened to the deportees in 1916, nor can it take into account the Armenians who were deported from some of the major urban areas after 1916."17

Another sources of information widely used is the King Crane Commission, but with conflicting numbers, a million is presented as losses during the war in one cases in the same work, but in the same commission, it is reported that the Hamidian massacres are included. Wherever or not, the Armenian casualties were under evaluated to increase purposely the Armenian population to support the foundation of an Armenia is still a matter of debate, since the Armenian losses of a million during the war has been added for what the commission call "justice" in one cases, and in what regards the Armenian population, the Adana massacres, and Hamidian massacres resulting to what appears to be an attempt of population maximization.18 The Armenian estimates were on the same direction. At times, they were even as low as 500,00019 when the Armenian high mortality was threatening the possibility of founding an Armenia compromising as well of Ottoman territories, and in other instances to over a million.20 The Unites-States figures for the period between 1915 to 1917 varies widely, but most figures contend to a million or over. The League of Nations, provided a million as a figure,21 but the list of refugees in the Caucasus and Russian Armenia who were not from Ottoman Empire was not clearly defined, which suggest that the list of 400,000 to 420,000 Ottoman Armenian's22 could have contained Armenian's who were possibly not in proper term Ottoman Armenian, which may explain why other estimates projected the casualties over the million drawn by the League.

Armenian casualties from 1917-18 to 1923
While the Ottoman official statistics covered 1917-18, and some of German figures, most other figures excluded them. Another problem remains, as to the availability of the sources for what followed 1917. More recent scholars have called this period the second phase of what is called the ]]Armenian Genocide]]. Melson, for instance, provide' a rough estimate of 500,000.23 On the other hand, those estimates have no archival grounds, for this reason some researchers considers any such figures could be near to the actual casualty figures or far from it.

Armenian casualties outside of the Ottoman borders during Ottoman invasion
Few commissions were formed though, such as the investigations for Kars and Alexandropol. The Alexandropol investigation by its nature is seen as the most serious such endeavor. It presented 60,000 as directed killed, in a total of 150,000 victims which condition would have ultimately led to their death sentences.24 But the investigation apparently came to an end abruptly. The Germans on the other hand, not presenting any numbers, have reported Russian Armenia condition, in what they considered as an Ottoman attempt to destroy it.25 Without taking in account the Ottoman excursion of what was considered as Persian Armenia.

Ottoman Armenian casualties
Most of the victims could be counted in Cilicia,26 as well as the Eastern zone, and without ignoring Smyrna(Izmir)27 during what was reported as massacres and what followed with the burning of the Armenian and Greek quarter of the city. While the total of casualties in this category is estimated to tens of thousands to over hundred of thousand, the number of victims is not well established.

Total of the Armenian casualties from 1914 to 1923
While there is no clear consensus as to how many Armenian's have lost their live during what is called the Armenian genocide and what followed, there seem to be a consensus among Western scholars with the exception of few dissident and Turkish national historians, as to when covering all the period between 1914 to 1923, over a million Armenian might have perished, and the tendency seem recently to be, either presenting 1,2 million as figure or even 1,5 million, while more moderately, "over a million" is presented,28 as the Turkish historian Fikret Adanir provides as estimation, but excludes what followed 1917.

Armenian casualties revisited
Far from finding the exact figure of Armenian casualties, some researchers have at least tried to provide some figures of losses during the war and what followed based on some sources. But most of it is rough estimates or are based on calculations of others. An example here might be the cases of Justin McCarthy, since he is one of the rare researcher that has worked with Ottoman records, various Ottomanists have recycled his figures. But over the years, the numbers of books using his statistics have declined greatly, it is believed that what many scholars consider as a biases from his part has influenced authors to use other less controversial figures.

title: User:Fadix/Ottoman Armenian Casualties


text: User:Abd

title: User:Abd


text:
User talk:ThomasHarlan

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Welcome, newcomer!

Here are some useful tips to ease you into the Wikipedia experience:

 * First, take a look at the Wikipedia Tutorial, and perhaps dabble a bit in the test area.
 * When you have some free time, take a look at the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines. They can come in very handy!
 * Learn about some of the Wikipedia landmarks by trying our Wikipedia scavenger hunt!
 * Remember to use a neutral point of view!
 * If you need any help, feel free to post a question at the Help Desk
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Also, here are some odds and ends that I find useful from time to time:

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Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can most easily reach me by posting on my talk page.

You can sign your name on any page by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~~~~.

Best of luck, and have fun!

ClockworkSoul 03:17, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thomas Harlan
I have added a "" template to the article Thomas Harlan, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, or, if you disagree with the notice, discuss the issues at its talk page. Removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, but the article may still be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached, or if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria. Oo7565 20:11, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Lords of the Earth

The article Lords of the Earth has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Non-notable game. The article appears to have been written by the game inventor. I can find no reliable sources to support any claim to notability. External links are to the game's site and a personal wiki."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Schazjmd  (talk)  20:34, 23 April 2020 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Lords of the Earth

A tag has been placed on Lords of the Earth, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, group, product, service, person, or point of view and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become encyclopedic. Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Organizations for more information.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the. Jovanmilic97 (talk) 08:30, 24 April 2020 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Thomas Harlan (fantasy writer)

A tag has been placed on Thomas Harlan (fantasy writer), requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, group, product, service, person, or point of view and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become encyclopedic. Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Organizations for more information.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the. Jimfbleak - talk to me?  09:19, 24 April 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:ThomasHarlan


text:
User talk:Grace Note

If you ever run for admin, please let me know
You said here that you'd never RfA, but please let me know if you ever change your mind. Your ideas on rotating power are interesting. -moritheil Talk 05:38, 4 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Har. Ceoil (talk) 18:15, 4 May 2009 (UTC)
 * G-n; no, i was not laughing at you; intention was convey that you are too outspoken to pass a witch trial. Admin candidates cannot afford not to pull punches. Ceoil (talk) 20:21, 8 May 2009 (UTC)
 * It is that very quality of not being a politician which I think we should see more often. -moritheil Talk 13:55, 15 May 2009 (UTC)
 * By way of explination for my suddenly turning up; you made a very perceptive comment on your user page about a stalking horse a while back; during that badsites hullabloo. I watchlisted you page then (something I rarely do) and its been interesting following you since. I like reading bright people's musings, what can I say. Ceoil (talk) 12:32, 10 May 2009 (UTC)

Hi
In light of your comments at Wikipedia talk:Neutrality enforcement and the views expressed on your user page, I am disappointed that you did not leap to the support of my proposal for parallel articles, suggested here and here and here.

The idea seems much in line with your views, but, of course, no one has supported it. --Ravpapa (talk) 17:23, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

Good instincts
After reviewing the history of the "Sam Blacketer" incident I noticed that you were among the very few who opposed his adminship. I just wanted to compliment everyone who did since all of you had either good instincts, good reasoning and weren't afraid of going against the grain. If you ever seek adminship then please let me know - we need more good admins. TheGoodLocust (talk) 00:14, 16 June 2009 (UTC)

 * I was looking at more logs (no I'm not stalking you), and found that you opposed both William Connolley's adminship and Guettarda's. Initially I wasn't going to compliment you for the first one, but then I laughed out loud when I saw the second. At this point I think wikipedian's "requests for adminship" should begin and end with you, but hey, maybe I'm wrong and you are just a polemic. TheGoodLocust (talk) 07:04, 18 June 2009 (UTC)

Lydda and Ramla
Hi Grace Note! I have replied to your comment at Talk:1948 Palestinian exodus from Lydda and Ramla. Please have a look. —Ynhockey (Talk) 12:49, 27 September 2009 (UTC)

Non Free Images in your User Space
Hey there Grace Note, thank you for your contributions! I am a bot alerting you that Non-free files are not allowed in the user or talk-space. I removed some images that I found on User talk:Grace Note/Archive January-March 2006. In the future, please refrain from adding fair-use images to your user-space drafts or your talk page. See a log of images removed today here, shutoff the bot here and report errors here. Thank you, -- DASHBot (talk) 04:22, 3 February 2010 (UTC)

Editor assistance list
Hello. Since your account has recently not been editing very regularly, on the page Editor assistance/list you name has been moved to a list of editors who are willing to give assistance, but may not always be available. There is an explanation at Wikipedia talk:Editor assistance/list. You are, of course, welcome to move yourself back to the other list if you wish to. JamesBWatson (talk) 11:08, 3 February 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:56, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

(I don't know where to start)
Just ... O my. (It would be good if you would please date your essay. I -- and I presume others -- would better understand what you're saying if we knew that any particular essay were from, say, 2004, not last week.) GcT (talk) 13:07, 16 June 2017 (UTC)

Well yeah but all edits are dated anyway and I don't care. I deleted most of it anyway. Don't fool yourself though. Looking around, I see it's still shit, particularly for women. But it's not worth fighting over. Grace Note (talk) 19:52, 2 August 2017 (UTC)

June 2022
Welcome to Wikipedia. Editors are expected to treat each other with respect and civility. On this encyclopedia project, editors assume good faith while interacting with other editors, which you did not appear to do at Talk:MintPress News. Here is Wikipedia's welcome page, and it is hoped that you will assume the good faith of other editors and continue to help us improve Wikipedia! ''To wit: Oh I didn't realise you people were controlling this. Tommy-Sizzle is obviously right but you've appointed yourselves arbiters so I guess this article will be one more that's dishonest and nothing anyone can do about it.Grace Note (talk) 03:25, 29 June 2022 (UTC)'' Doug Weller  talk 07:16, 29 June 2022 (UTC)

 * Yes, I get it. I didn't realise you were gatekeeping that page. There's no point bullying me. I don't give a fuck. Grace Note (talk) 11:09, 29 June 2022 (UTC)

Blocked
You have been blocked for a week for spreading unpleasantness in this collaborative project. Probably you have been here long enough not to need any references to particular policies that these edits violate; I expect you've heard of them. I note the unpleasantness of your userpage too. Not sure why you bother to edit here at all? You can request unblock by placing  on this page. Bishonen | tålk 17:50, 29 June 2022 (UTC).

title: User talk:Grace Note


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Category talk:Song stubs

Untitled
If any of these songs have any TV/Movie occurances (e.g. commercial ads, PSAs, TV shows, movies, etc.), mention those occurances in these stub articles. --TheSamurai 03:18, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Any songs in this category and some songs articles outside this category should have information about who covered/sampled the song, and the predecessors of the song (i.e. this song contains fragments of or is a cover of that musicians song). --TheSamurai 14:16, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I had a tip to obtain TV/Movie occurance info in an individual song; go to IMbB.com and click tips on the search box, and look for soundtracks button after that. --TheSamurai 03:08, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Should we make new stub categories to contract this stub category (e.g. Rock song stubs, Classical music stubs, blues stubs, rap stubs, etc.)? --SuperDude 20:46, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

Why is there no distinction being made between a single and a song? Maybe time to start Template:single-stub? Brz7
 * I agree. I have just created a Template:single-stub since there is a difference. If anyone has a problem, just say it. I haven't changed any existing aritcles to it (just in case there are problems), but added it to an article which needed a stub tag, and created another article which didn't exist at all before. The articles are Dangerous and Moving (single) and How Soon is Now? - Gerbon689 15:36, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Generally stubs are proposed on WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals before being created. As it wasn't, it's now listed at WikiProject Stub sorting/Discoveries. --Mairi 03:47, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

Problem
Am I the only one that has noticed that each article with added in is added to the non-existent category Category:Song Stubs? There are several articles in it, but not as many as are in Category:Song stubs. I'm not sure what the problem is or what is causing it. It has me stumped. I saw that a particular song had the Song Stub (note the case) category, and figured that it had been miscategorized by a careless editor and tried to fix it, but then I realized that the was causing the categorization. I checked several other articles, and they all had the Song Stub category in the category list, even though not all of them appear on the actual page. Furthermore, you can only get to this Song Stubs category by clicking a link, not by typing it in the search bar. -- D a l k a e n T / C 01:34, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The problem is that an old version of {{song-stub}} used Category:Song Stubs. So articles added then, and not edited since, showed up in that category, because of a bug in how categories on templates work. Null edits (or any other edits) on the affected articles fix the problem; I've done so and now that category is empty. --Mairi 02:17, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for clearing that up and, more importantly, fixing the problem. :P -- D a l k a e n T / C 08:00, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

A few of these "songs" are technically not songs
A few of these "songs" are technically not songs; for example Donna Lee and Reveille, because they do not (did not originally, at least) have lyrics, and were not composed to be sung by the voice. Perhaps there should be one or more categories for "non-classical compositions", "jazz compositions", "tunes", "melodies", or some such. Any thoughts? --Lph 17:49, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

New categorys may not be needed
I ran a regex on this stub category(song stub) for rock songs. These songs should be in the rock song stubs category. In short I found 42 songs that were rock songs. I placed them in the rock song category.
 * What I mean to say is that if 42 out of approx 423 articles in this category fit into one subcategory than I wonder how many will fit into each of the other categorys.
 * P.S that is approx 5.8% of the articles in this category. Eagle (talk) (desk) 03:01, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Song stubs


text:
Refugees (The Tears song)

"Refugees" is the debut single by the Tears, released on 25 April 2005 on Independiente Records. It charted at number 9 on the UK Singles Chart.

Background
The top-ten charting was relatively good considering the lack of commercial success achieved by the singles of the previous Suede album. The title track's lyrical content is said by Brett Anderson to have political meaning, regarding his disgust towards the treatment of refugees. He said: "There’s a lot of scaremongering right-wing politicians that will tell you that your country is being destabilised by refugees, just to win a few votes. It’s a load of old bollocks. Immigration is essential to living in a healthy, diverse, multicultural 21st century society." The second single from the debut album, "Lovers," was originally slated to be a b-side to the Refugees single. This was changed after the record label decided it was worthy of being on the album. Anderson claimed that b-side "Southern Rain" deserved to be on the album.

Reception
The single was well received. Nick Cowen of Drowned in Sound rated it 8 out of 10, saying: "'Refugees' showcases all the dilettante-like swagger the pair's former band exhibited on its more upbeat numbers. Butler’s spikey guitar noodling compliments Anderson’s plaintive croon beautifully." John Murphy of musicOMH felt that "Anderson sounds more inspired than he has done in years and the song itself boasts a gloriously epic feel, worthy of the first Suede album." British charts commentator James Masterton agreed, calling it "a near perfect recreation of the vibe and the inspiration of the first Suede album." He added: "there is something warm and comfortable about this single, fully deserving of its place inside the Top 10." Kevin Courtney of The Irish Times wrote: "Big, open-armed guitars and us-against-the-world lyrics make this a neat bookend to 'So Young'". Virgin Media felt the song "sounds rather like Suede of old, with both parties having lost none of their knack for a bittersweet melody."

7"

 * 1) "Refugees"
 * 2) "Break Away"

CD1

 * 1) "Refugees"
 * 2) "Southern Rain"

CD2

 * 1) "Refugees"
 * 2) "Feels Like Monday"
 * 3) "Branded"
 * 4) "Refugees (Video)"

title: Refugees (The Tears song)


text:
Fiji Rugby Union

Fiji Rugby Union (FRU) is the governing body for the sport of rugby union in Fiji. It is divided into over 30 provincial unions. The Fiji Rugby Union is a member of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance (PIRA), along with Samoa and Tonga. There are approximately 80,000 registered players from a total population of around 950,000.

International 15s
Otherwise known as the "Flying Fijians," the team gained No 9 in the IRB World Rankings after defeating Wales to enter the 2007 Rugby World Cup but slid down No 11 as a result of losses in the 2008 IRB Pacific Nations Cup. They sit 8th in the IRB world rankings as of 26 November 2018.

International 7s
Fiji has won the Rugby World Cup Sevens twice, in 1997 and the 2005. They also play in the World Rugby Sevens Series, an annual circuit of eight tournaments around the world, winning the series in 2006 and ending the six-year reign of New Zealand on that circuit. However, they lost the title to New Zealand in 2007, and did not win any tournaments in the 2007–2008 Series. Fiji has shone in rugby sevens, finishing the 2013 Sevens World Series third behind New Zealand and South Africa.

Other teams
Other teams include the Fiji A "Warriors", Fiji Under 20 team (competing at the annual IRB Junior World Championship), other age group international teams, and a women's team, currently under development and hoping for an invitation to the Women's Rugby World Cup.

Domestic competition
The national provincial Premier championship is the Skipper Cup competition.

A professional six team domestic competition, the Colonial Cup (similar in design to Super Rugby), ran from 2004 to 2008. Before this, Fiji had 12 Division One teams. Five teams were made up of the players from the 12 Division One teams, based on regional lines, with the aim of creating a "more competitive competition that leads on and provides a higher level of competitive domestic rugby".

The FRU also has developed a base pay for players at international level.

Domestic competitions include the Farebrother-Sullivan Trophy, and a domestic 7s tournament.

Former office bearers

 * Pio Bosco Tikoisuva, CEO 2001–05
 * Charlie Charters, marketing manager 2001–04, occasional acting CEO
 * Wayne Pivac, national coach 2004–05
 * Mac McCallion, national coach 2002–04
 * George Simpkin, coach 1984–90

title: Fiji Rugby Union


text:
Durkin Opening

The Durkin Opening (also known as the Durkin Attack or the Sodium Attack) is a rarely played chess opening that consists of the following move:
 * 1. Na3

The Durkin Opening is named for Robert T. Durkin (1923–2014) of New Jersey. The name "Sodium Attack" comes from the algebraic notation 1.Na3, as Na is the chemical symbol for the element sodium. Similarly, the Amar Opening (1.Nh3) is sometimes referred to as the "Ammonia Opening". White may follow up by playing c4, e.g. 1...d5 2.c4 dxc4 3.Nxc4.

Assessment
This development of the does little to utilize White's advantage of the first move. On a3 the knight does not control squares, and White would have to move this knight again (e.g., to c2 or c4) for it to follow common rules such as controlling the center. Angus Dunnington suggests that combining this with a gradual central expansion should give White a reasonable position.

Variations

 * Durkin Gambit (1.Na3 e5 2.Nc4 Nc6 3. e4 f5)

title: Durkin Opening


text:
Alphonso, Earl of Chester

Alphonso or Alfonso (24 November 1273 – 19 August 1284), also called Alphonsus and Alphonse and styled Earl of Chester, was an heir apparent to the English throne who never became king.

Alphonso was the ninth child of King Edward I of England and his Castilian wife Eleanor. He was born in Bayonne, Gascony, a duchy claimed by his maternal uncle King Alphonso X of Castile until his parents' marriage in 1254. Edward and Eleanor's friendship with the King of Castile was also confirmed when they named their son in his honour, a "remarkable choice" given the name's rarity in England. Queen Eleanor even persuaded her brother to travel to Gascony and serve as godfather at the young prince's baptism.

Alphonso's eldest brother, John, had died in 1271; the death of another older brother, Henry, in 1274, made Alphonso the couple's only son up until the last months of his life. As his parents were often required to travel, Alphonso had a household of his own. Queen Eleanor was nevertheless invested in the upbringing of her son, who even had a Spanish cook. At the age of ten, Alphonso was engaged to Margaret, daughter of Floris V, Count of Holland. An opulent psalter was being prepared for the marriage when he fell ill and died a few months before the wedding was to take place. The king and queen greeted the death of their son with deep sadness; at the same time, the historian Michael Prestwich noted that in memory of the king's nephew, Henry of Brittany, who died a month later, Edward and Eleanor ordered more masses than in memory of their son.

The Alphonso Psalter, now in the British Library, was completed a decade later when his sister Elizabeth married Margaret's brother, John I, Count of Holland, making the pairing of arms again appropriate.

Alphonso's death at Windsor occurred shortly after the birth of his younger brother Edward, who became the oldest surviving male heir of Edward I. Alphonso was interred in The Confessor's Chapel at Westminster Abbey, although the exact location is unknown. His heart, however, was buried at the priory of Blackfriars, London (now destroyed).

As heirs apparent to the throne, both Alphonso and Edward bore the arms of the kingdom, differenced by a label azure.

title: Alphonso, Earl of Chester


text: User talk:203.96.148.219

title: User talk:203.96.148.219


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Alpental

Alpental, named after the German word for alpine valley, is both a valley in eastern King County, Washington, United States, and part of a ski area in the valley. The valley is about 50 miles (80 km) east of Seattle, Washington and is north of Snoqualmie Pass, in the Washington Cascades. It is a popular outdoor recreation destination in summer and winter. The ski area is one of four areas that make up The Summit at Snoqualmie.

Topography

The valley runs north to northwest from Snoqualmie Pass for about 3 miles (5 km). Geologically, it is a three-sided canyon. Along the west side of the valley a ridge runs between Denny Mountain, The Tooth, Bryant Peak, and Chair Peak. Source Lake occupies the upper valley area on the north side of the valley. This lake is the source of the South Fork of the Snoqualmie River, which meets the other forks of the Snoqualmie River before Snoqualmie Falls near North Bend, Washington. On the east side of the valley lies Guye Peak, Cave Ridge, and Snoqualmie Mountain.

The valley is about 50 miles (80 km) east of Seattle, Washington. The Alpental Road (Forest Service Road No. 9040) begins at I-90 Exit 52 at Snoqualmie Pass and runs into the valley. The Alpental Road may also be reached by taking the Denny Creek Road (Forest Service Road No. 58) in the summer months.

Recreation
Alpental Valley is a popular outdoor recreation area in the Cascades during summer and winter.

In the summer, Alpental Valley provides a starting point for hikers and climbers. The hiking trails provide access to the Alpine Lakes Wilderness; there is a rich climbing history starting from the Alpental Valley floor.

During winter, people downhill ski and snowboard at the challenging but historically relaxed Alpental Ski Area (part of The Summit at Snoqualmie ski resort). Recent additions by Booth Creek Holdings have added gas fire pits, heated sidewalks, and other human comforts. While most of the mountain is skiable by intermediate and advanced skiers, the cliff areas are the roughest skiing terrain in the state, and must only be attempted by very experienced skiers. The expert-run International is well-known among Puget Sound area skiers and snowboarders, and has been affectionately nicknamed "Nash." Four chair lifts and a magic carpet on the west side of the valley beneath Denny Mountain serve the ski area. People backcountry ski, snowshoe and ice climb in Alpental Valley using the upper parking lots, traditionally known as lots 3 and 4, as a starting point.

Olympic gold medalist Debbie Armstrong developed her skills at Alpental while growing up in Seattle. The run "Debbie's Gold" and the "Armstrong Express" chairlift are named for her.

Avalanches are a risk in the Alpental Valley; several people have died in the valley as a result of avalanches.

Ownership and development
The land in the valley is in a mixture of public and private ownership. Most of the upper slopes of the valley are publicly owned under the management of the United States Forest Service (USFS). The Summit at Snoqualmie (including Alpental) is owned by CNL Income Properties with a long-term lease to Boyne USA Resorts. The ski runs of the Alpental Ski Area are on USFS Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest land and are operated under a Special Use Permit (SUP)

Additional smaller private development includes two condo complexes in the upper valley, a small number of private homes in one Bavarian themed subdivision in the mid-valley that began in 1968. In the lower valley are two lodges of outdoor clubs: The Washington Alpine Club on the west and the Sahalie Ski Club on the east which operates two private rope tows above its lodge. These lodges have been cited as significant sources of particulate air pollution in the valley. In 1995 the Sahalie Ski Club clear-cut logged seven acres of land resulted in litigation with the mid-valley homeowners over resulting avalanche issues. In 1998 the new Armstrong Express detachable lift was installed.

In 2022, Boyne Resorts announced the Alpental Aspect, and in 2023 a timeline was established. To the frustration of many skiers, Alpental closed early and its slopes were torn down in late April 2023, marking the beginning of the execution of the Alpental Aspect plan.

title: Alpental