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Niten Ichi-ryū

Hyohō Niten Ichi-ryū (兵法 二天 一流), which can be loosely translated as "the school of the strategy of two heavens as one", is a koryū (ancient school), transmitting a style of classical Japanese swordsmanship conceived by Miyamoto Musashi. Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū is mainly known for the two-sword—katana and wakizashi—kenjutsu techniques Musashi called Niten Ichi (二天一, "two heavens as one") or Nitō Ichi (二刀一, "two swords as one").

Origin
Musashi originally studied Enmei Ryū and Tōri Ryū, which were ryūha founded by his grandfather Miyamoto Musashi no Kami Yoshimoto and his father Miyamoto Muninosuke respectively. Musashi eventually focused in the kenjutsu and nitōken and developed his own style.

Around 1640, Musashi intended to pass on his art to three successors from among his thousand students; specifically, to Terao Magonojo, his younger brother Kyumanosuke and to Furuhashi Sozaemon. He considered Magonojo to excel in technique but to lack in reflection, while Furuhashi excelled at reflection but lacked technique. Magonojo received the treatise, the Go Rin no Sho. Hosokawa Mitsuhisa made two copies—one for Furuhashi and one for himself, which he transmitted under the name of Ihon go rin no sho. The best known edition today is this Hosokawa copy. Kyumanosuke was a well known warrior and student of Musashi's at the time. Before becoming leader of the school, he fought in the Shimabara Rebellion in 1638. His service there earned him gold and a robe from the Tokugawa shogunate.

Magonojo died in 1645 and yielded the role of successor to his younger brother Kyumanosuke who had received the Hyoho San-jugo from Musashi. It was Kyumanosuke who transmitted this document to his students with seven added instructions called the Hyoho shiji ni kajo.

Shortly before his death, Musashi also wrote the Dokkodo ("Going My Way"). It seems to be a list of rules that one should try to follow in life steeped in Buddhist precepts.

Succession
Succession in the Hyoho Niten Ichi-ryū (the name given by Musashi towards the end of his life) does not follow a hereditary pattern. It is attested to by the bestowing of two artifacts: a scroll on which is written the name of the techniques and the approach to them that must be transmitted if the school is to be perpetuated truly, and a wooden sword that Musashi made himself, with which he trained and used as a walking stick during the last years of his life, today in possession of the city of Usa's Shinto Shrine.

The original title for leaders of Musashi's school were called "Sōke," which translates to leader of the family. The Sōke title was done away with by Imai Masayuki in 2003.

Terao Kyumanosuke (Motomenosuke) had received the complete transmission of the School of Musashi, with certification and Musashi's two swords. He at first refused to teach and sent what he had received to Musashi's adopted son, Iori. Iori refused the succession, since the honor had not been bestowed upon him. With this, Kyumanosuke then agreed to take over as head—both his and Iori's actions were manifestations of their respect for Musashi.

Kyumanosuke would go on to have six sons with five practicing Niten Ichi-ryū. Those sons were Fuji-tsugentaka, Bensuke Nobumori, Goemon Katsuyuki, and Terao Nobumori. It was Nobumori that was the most adept at the art and was handed down possession of the school before Kyumanosuke died in 1688.

Modern Lineage
In 1908, Aoki Hisakatsu was given the soke title from Santo Kiyotake. He studied under Kiyotake for 21 years. Aoki took training so serious that he would swim in full armor.

In 1920, Aoki moved to Taiwan and began teaching in private schools. He lived and taught there until the end of World War II. He moved back to Japan but left Musashi's scroll and wooden sword handed down for safe keeping due to Japan's ban on combat sports that facilitated “the removal and exclusion from public life of militaristic and ultra nationalistic persons.” Aoki's student returned the relic in 1958.

In 1968, Aoki named Kiyonaga Tadanao and Gosho Motoharu dual soke of the school.

Dispute
The Gosho-ha Niten Ichi-ryū disputed the lineage claiming that Iwami Toshio Gensho is the sole legal representative of Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū until 2007. Miyagawa Yasutaka established a line of Niten Ichi-ryū that continues to practice and thrive in the Kansai region of Japan. Miyagawa Yasutaka and Kiyonaga Tadanao were both students of Aoki Kikuo during the same period. This "Kansai" line, currently under 10th Headmaster Miyagawa Morito, is an alternate but equal lineage to the main line.

Lineage
The lineage to date is as follows:
 * 1) Shinmen Miyamoto Musashi-No-Kami Fujiwara no Genshin 新免宮本武蔵守藤原玄信
 * 2) Terao Motome-no-suke Nobuyuki 寺尾求馬助信行
 * 3) Terao Goemon Katsuyuki 寺尾郷右衛門勝行
 * 4) Yoshida Josetsu Masahiro 吉田如雪正広
 * 5) Santo Hikozaemon Kyohide 山東彦左衛門清秀
 * 6) Santo Hanbe Kiyoaki 山東半兵衛清明
 * 7) Santo Shinjuro Kiyotake 山東新十郎清武
 * 8) Aoki Kikuo Hisakatsu 青木規矩男久勝
 * 9) Kiyonaga Tadanao Masami / Miyagawa Yasutaka
 * 10) Imai Masayuki Nobukatsu / Miyagawa Morito (Current)
 * 11) Iwami Toshio Gensho/ Kiyonaga Fumiya / Chin Kin (Taiwan)
 * 12) Kajiya Takanori (successor of Iwami Toshio Gensho) / Yoshimochi Kiyoshi (successor of Kiyonaga Fumiya)
 * 13) Ishii Toyozumi (successor of Yoshimochi Kiyoshi)

Techniques
Today the following sets of techniques and forms are transmitted:

1) Tachi Seiho (太刀勢法) Twelve techniques with long sword:

 * 1) 指先 Sassen
 * 2) 八相左 Hasso Hidari
 * 3) 八相右 Hasso Migi
 * 4) 受流左 Uke Nagashi Hidari
 * 5) 受流右 Uke Nagashi Migi
 * 6) 捩構 Moji Gamae
 * 7) 張付 Haritsuke
 * 8) 流打 Nagashi Uchi
 * 9) 虎振 Tora Buri
 * 10) 数喜 Kazuki
 * 11) 合先打留 Aisen Uchidome
 * 12) 余打 (アマシ打) Amashi Uchi

2) Kodachi Seiho (小太刀勢法) Seven techniques with a short sword:

 * 1) 指先 Sassen
 * 2) 中段 Chudan
 * 3) 受流 Uke Nagashi
 * 4) 捩構 Moji Gamae
 * 5) 張付 Haritsuke
 * 6) 流打 Nagashi Uchi
 * 7) 合先 Aisen

3) Nito Seiho (二刀勢法) Five techniques with two swords corresponding to the five forms in the Water Scroll:

 * 1) 中段 Chudan
 * 2) 上段 Jodan
 * 3) 下段 Gedan
 * 4) 左脇構 Hidari Waki Gamae
 * 5) 右脇構 Migi Waki Gamae

4) Bōjutsu—Twenty techniques with a long staff bō(including techniques Bō Vs Bō and Bō Vs sword). 5) Aikuchi roppo, both.

6) Jitte to jutsu—Five techniques against a sword.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Niten Ichi-ryū


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Jim Bacchus

James Leonard Bacchus (born June 21, 1949) is an American lawyer, businessman, and politician who served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Florida from 1991 to 1995. He was a founding member and twice chairman of the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization in Geneva, Switzerland from 1995 to 2003. He later became a fellow of the European Institute for International Law and International Relations.

Early life and career
Bacchus earned an undergraduate degree from Vanderbilt University, a Master of Arts in History from Yale University, and a Juris Doctor from the Florida State University College of Law, where he was editor-in-chief of the FSU Law Review.

From 1968 to 1973, Bacchus was a reporter and columnist for the Orlando Sentinel in Florida and Washington. From 1964 to 1967, he was a reporter for the Sanford Herald in Florida. He has enlisted service in the United States Army, the United States Army Reserve, the Connecticut National Guard, and the Florida National Guard, 1971-1977. From 1968 to 1973.

Bacchus was Deputy Press Secretary and Chief Speechwriter for Florida Governor Reubin Askew from 1974 to 1976. He became Askew's special assistant from 1979 to 1981, after Askew was appointed U.S. Trade Representative.

He served as Chairman of the WTO Appellate Body from 2001 to 2003. He was an attorney and partner with Akerman Senterfitt & Eidson, Orlando in Florida from 1984 to 1990. He was an attorney with Greenberg Traurig, P.A. in Miami, Florida in 1979 and again from 1981 to 1982.

He later co-authored the “Sunshine Amendment” to the Florida Constitution for open and ethical government. This led to later roles addressing the nexus of economic and environmental issues as general counsel to Florida’s state growth planning commission and as chairman of community development efforts in his hometown of Orlando.

Tenure in Congress
In 1990, Bacchus was elected as a member of the Democratic Party to represent Florida's 11th congressional district in the 102nd Congress and Florida's 15th congressional district in the 103rd Congress in 1992. His districts included Orlando, Cape Canaveral, and much of East Central Florida.

Bacchus was an active member of Congressional committees on science, space, technology, banking, and other financial services. He also served as a member of the select committee on children. He was a lead sponsor and supporter of the International Space Station, the Space Shuttle, the successful repair mission to the Hubble Space Telescope, and numerous other legislative initiatives involving public and private space exploration.

Bacchus sponsored legislation establishing the Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge for endangered sea turtles, expanding the Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge (the nation’s oldest), and restoring the natural flow of the Kissimmee River into the Florida Everglades.

Bacchus was the original co-sponsor of the implementing legislation for the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade agreements establishing the World Trade Organization and leading supporter of numerous other trade initiatives, including the North American Free Trade Agreement and normal trade relations with China.

Career after Congress
Bacchus was a founding member and twice chairman of the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1995 to 2003. The WTO dispute settlement system resolves international disputes involving more than 98% of all world commerce. Bacchus was nominated on a bipartisan basis by the United States and twice appointed to the Appellate Body by consensus of the now 164 countries that are members of the WTO. Bacchus served eight years as a founding judge, the only American judge, and was one of the seven judges worldwide. He was twice elected as Chairman in 2002 and 2003. He helped establish the Appellate Body as a leading global tribunal and the WTO dispute settlement system as a leading framework for resolving international disputes and upholding the international rule of law.

On February 23, 2007, Bacchus was named to a Department of Defense panel reviewing the Walter Reed Army Medical Center neglect scandal.

Bacchus was Chair of the Global Practice of Greenberg Traurig, P.A. with offices in Orlando, Florida, and Washington, D.C., from 2004 to 2017. He currently serves as a Distinguished University Professor of Global Affairs and the Director of the Center for Global Economic and Environmental Opportunity at the University of Central Florida.

Other professional activities
Bacchus was a member of the High Level Advisory Panel to the President of the Conference of Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change from 2014 to 2016. He has served as Chairman of the Commission on Trade and Investment Policy of the Paris-based International Chamber of Commerce since 2012. He has been a “B20” business adviser to the “G20” heads of state on the international economy, since 2014. He served as Chair of the Global Agenda Council on Governance for Sustainability of the Davos-based World Economic Forum from 2012 to 2014. He was a member of the Global Future Council on Trade and Foreign Direct Investment of the World Economic Forum from 2011 to 2012 and since 2014. He was a member of the Board of Directors of the “E15” Initiative and chair of the global expert group on trade and climate change for the Geneva-based International Center for Trade and Sustainable Development from 2014 to 2015. He has been a member of the Bretton Woods Committee since 1995, and elected life member of the Council on Foreign Relations since 1995. He has been a member of the list of arbitration chairpersons under the CARIFORUM Economic Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the Caribbean CARIFORUM states since 2016.

title: Jim Bacchus


text:
Shikoku Pilgrimage

The Shikoku Pilgrimage (四国遍路) or Shikoku Junrei (四国巡礼) is a multi-site pilgrimage of 88 temples associated with the Buddhist monk Kūkai (Kōbō Daishi) on the island of Shikoku, Japan. A popular and distinctive feature of the island's cultural landscape, and with a long history, large numbers of pilgrims, known as henro (遍路), still undertake the journey for a variety of ascetic, pious, and tourism-related purposes. The pilgrimage is traditionally completed on foot, but modern pilgrims use cars, taxis, buses, bicycles, or motorcycles, and often augment their travels with public transportation. The standard walking course is approximately 1200 km long and can take anywhere from 30 to 60 days to complete.

In addition to the 88 "official" temples of the pilgrimage, there are 20 bekkaku (別格) temples, which are officially associated with the Shikoku Pilgrimage (and hundreds more bangai (番外) temples, simply meaning "outside the numbers," which are not considered part of the official 88). To complete the pilgrimage, it is not necessary to visit the temples in order; in some cases, pilgrims complete the journey in reverse, a practice known as gyaku-uchi (逆うち).

Henro (遍路) is the Japanese word for pilgrim, and the locals along the route address the pilgrims as o-henro-san (お遍路さん). They are often recognizable by their white clothing, sedge hats, and kongō-zue or walking sticks. Alms or osettai (お接待) are frequently given to pilgrims by Shikoku's residents.

Before reaching Temple 88, walking and bicycle pilgrims can receive a "Shikoku 88 Temple Pilgrimage Henro Ambassador" certificate from the Maeyama Ohenro Koryu Salon. At Temple 88, one can purchase a pilgrimage completion certificate called a kechi-gan-shō (結願証), meaning "fulfillment of one's wishes." Many pilgrims also begin and complete the journey by visiting Mount Kōya in Wakayama Prefecture, which was settled by Kūkai and remains the headquarters of Shingon Buddhism. The 21 km walking trail up to Kōya-san still exists, but most pilgrims use the train.

Background
Pilgrimages have played an important part in Japanese religious practice since at least the Heian period. Typically centred upon holy mountains, particular divinities, or charismatic individuals, they are usually to Buddhist sites although those to the shrines of Kumano and Ise are notable exceptions.

Kōbō Daishi
Kūkai, born at Zentsū-ji (Temple 75) in 774, studied in China, and upon his return was influential in the promotion of esoteric Buddhism. He established the Shingon retreat on Kōya-san, was an active writer, undertook a programme of public works, and during visits to the island of his birth is popularly said to have established or visited many of its temples and to have carved many of their images. He is posthumously known as Kōbō Daishi.

Development
The legends and cult of Kōbō Daishi, such as the episode of Emon Saburō, were maintained and developed by the monks of Kōya-san who travelled to expound Shingon and were active, along with other hijiri, in Shikoku. In the Edo period, the policy of tochi kinbaku (土地緊縛) restricted and regulated the movement of ordinary people. Pilgrims were required to obtain travel permits, follow the main paths, and pass through localities within a certain time limit, with the book of temple stamps or nōkyō-chō helping to provide proof of passage.

Stages
Shikoku literally means "four provinces", those of Awa, Tosa, Iyo, and Sanuki, reorganized during the Meiji period into the prefectures of Tokushima, Kōchi, Ehime, and Kagawa. The pilgrim's journey through these four provinces is likened to a symbolic path to enlightenment, with temples 1–23 representing the idea of awakening (発心), 24–39 austerity and discipline (修行), 40–65 attaining enlightenment (菩提), and 66–88 entering nirvana (涅槃).

Equipment
The pilgrim's traditional costume comprises a white shirt (白衣), conical Asian hat (すげ笠), and staff (金剛杖). This may be supplemented by a ceremonial stole (輪袈裟). The henro also carries a bag (頭陀袋) containing name slips (納札), prayer beads (数珠) (also known as nenju (念珠)), a booklet (納経帳) to collect stamps/seals (朱印), incense sticks (線香), and coins used as offerings (お賽銭). The more religiously-minded henro may also carry a book of sutras (経本) and go-eika (ご詠歌) set with a bell.

Rites
Upon arrival at each temple the henro washes before proceeding to the Hondō. After offering coins, incense, and the osame-fuda, the Heart Sutra (般若心経) is chanted along with repetition of the Mantra of the main image (本尊) and the Mantra of Light (光明真言). After kigan and ekō (prayers and dedication of merit), the henro proceeds to the shrine of Kobo Daishi (大師堂). Coins and a fuda are similarly offered, and again the Heart Sutra is chanted, along with repetition of the Gohōgō Mantra, namu-Daishi-henjō-kongō.

UNESCO World Heritage Bid
Since 2010, Shikoku's prefectural governments, NPO members, and local leaders have worked toward achieving UNESCO World Heritage status for the Shikoku Pilgrimage. Currently, it is recognized as a "Provisional Candidate" by Japan's Agency for Cultural Affairs, or a cultural asset which has not yet been added to Japan's World Heritage Tentative List but which should 'proceed with preparations.'

Imitative versions
Attesting to the popularity of the Shikoku pilgrimage, from the eighteenth century a number of smaller imitative versions have been established. These include a 150 km circuit on Shōdo Island northeast of Takamatsu; a 3 km course on the grounds of Ninna-ji in Kyoto; a route on the Chita Peninsula near Nagoya; and circuits in Edo and Chiba Prefecture. Outside Japan, another version is on the Hawaiʻi on the island of Kauai.

List of Main 88 Temples
Collectively, the 88 temples are known as Shikoku Hachijūhakkasho (四国八十八箇所).

title: Shikoku Pilgrimage


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User:Lockley

As of May 18, 2021:

 * editing since March 21, 2005 (oh yeah, I remember that job)
 * 135,000+ edits, 95% of which are article edits
 * 1150+ articles created
 * within the top 500 of all wikipedia editors by number of edits

It's a wonder wikipedia has survived and come this far. We should be proud. Mazel tov.

Liberty in Distress
Liberty in Distress and her casualties stand in a Carrère and Hastings-designed temple as a leftover from Atlantic City's comparatively glorious past. With exceptional foresight the fathers and authorities of Atlantic City commissioned their World War I memorial | before the war even started.

Controversy kicked up when the fathers and authorities of Atlantic City discovered that MacMonnies' Liberty in Distress, which they felt they'd bought and paid for, was a close reinterpretation of another MacMonnies work, France Aroused. No word on whether MacMonnies offered any discounts after he'd been found out.

According to the 1939 Federal Writers' Project New Jersey, a Guide to Its Present and Past:

 * Liberty, naked but for knotted garments hanging from her elbows, her feet mired in writhen corpses, supports an inert male figure across her right thigh. Her distress is the one matter about which there is no question whatever.

Falling Bronze Bust Injures Own Subject
In May 1932, the sculptor and Harvard modelling instructor John A. Wilson showed two bronze busts in exhibition. One was of William Crowninshield Endicott, a former Secretary of War under Grover Cleveland. The other was a bust of George Archambeau.

To many in Cambridge the face on that second bust was familiar, but the last name wasn't. George had been the well-known janitor of Robinson Hall for more than 25 years and regarded with affection.

At work in October 1937 Archambeau closed a bottom drawer in the secretary's office, which rocked the cabinet, which toppled the bust of Archambeau on top of the cabinet. The bronze object proved harder and denser than its subject on the way down, then tore a gash in the linoleum floor. A Crimson article of October 5 ("FALLING BRONZE BUST INJURES OWN SUBJECT") said "George put his hands to his head, and took them away covered with blood. President Conant, who happened to be nearby, rushed him to the Hygiene Building to be bandaged up. Today he is back at his job but not by much."

On Over-classification

 * ''It has been my aim not to overstress "isms" -- Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Cubism, Expressionism, Surrealism, Futurism -- so as not to deflect you from looking at the pictures. Over-emphasis on "isms," the habit of labeling and pigeonholing every artist, while a convenient device for the superficial, is a misleading and dangerous practice, in its oversimplification, in its implied insistence on one phase only of an artist's production. The practice tends to distract us from a full visual appreciation of the inherent merit, the individuality of a genius and ignores the conflicting counter-currents that usually underlie distinguished creation, the kind of creation that outlives the fashion of the moment and makes a work of art lasting and timeless.

-- Paul J. Sachs, Modern Prints & Drawings

title: User:Lockley


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Fiji Link

Fiji Link is the trade name for Fiji Airlines Limited, which is a Fijian domestic airline and a wholly owned subsidiary of the international carrier Fiji Airways. It is headquartered at the Fiji Link office in the Civil Aviation Authority of Fiji (CAAFI) compound at Nadi International Airport in Nadi. It operates scheduled services to 11 destinations within the Fijian Islands as well as regionally within the Pacific Islands. The company slogan is Best value under the Sun.

History
Don Collingwood, a pilot and businessman, founded what became Pacific Sun in 1980, under the name Sunflower Airlines, which later changed to Sun Air. It began with a single Britten Norman BN2 Islander aircraft, flying the Nadi-Taveuni route. Other than the BN2 Islanders which remained the backbone of the fleet, the airline operated a wide range of piston and turboprop aircraft including the Beechcraft BE-95 Baron, Beechcraft A65 Queen Air, de Havilland DH.114 Heron, Shorts 330, and de Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter. By January 2007 before official handover to Air Pacific, its fleet had grown to 12 aircraft, and the company employed nearly 140 staff.

On 31 January 2007, Sun Air was sold and handed over to current parent company Fiji Airways, formerly Air Pacific, which had to fight off a legal challenge against the handover by the now-defunct rival domestic carrier at the time, Air Fiji. Air Pacific then established the domestic airline as Fiji Airlines Limited, trading as Pacific Sun. The airline began operations with eight aircraft, including the introduction of two ATR 42–500 aircraft purchased used from Air Mauritius, along with three existing BN2 Islanders and three DHC-6 Twin Otters. However, the fleet was cut back to just four between December 2010 and June 2011 due to economic cost cutting, resulting in the withdrawal of the BN2 Islander fleet as well as one DHC-6 Twin Otter. Two additional leased DHC-6 Twin Otters were added to the fleet during June 2011 to increase the Pacific Sun fleet to six aircraft.

On 26 November 2013, parent Fiji Airways announced Pacific Sun was to be rebranded as ‘Fiji Link’. Operations as Fiji Link commenced in June 2014.

News
In late November 2010, Pacific Sun announced that due to current economical reasons, they were withdrawing their BN2 Islander fleet from service. This meant downsizing the Pacific Sun fleet from eight aircraft to just five.

In early December 2010, Pacific Sun announced the redundancy of 85 out of 210 employees. This included staff from administrative, support and operations areas as well as 15 pilots. Pacific Sun's general manager, Jim Samson, explained that continuing operating losses had resulted in management having to make some tough decisions.

"Pacific Sun has lost, on average, $6 million per year over the last three years. Continued losses are unsustainable. Regrettably as a result, we have no alternative but to restructure the airline in order to ensure its viability and success going forward," he said.

Air Pacific chief executive officer and Pacific Sun board member David Pflieger said since Air Pacific's takeover in 2007, Pacific Sun had accumulated $18.5 million in losses. Air Pacific had loaned $44 million to purchase Sun Air's certificate and operations and two ATR-42 aircraft.

In November 2013, Fiji Airways held a competition to rename Pacific Sun. On 13 November, the competition closed with the most votes going to Fiji Link. On 26 November, Fiji Airways released the new name. The new livery was also announced. Operations as Fiji Link commenced in June 2014.

Destinations
As of August 2022, Fiji Link operates scheduled services to the following 11 domestic destinations and two international destinations.

Fleet
The Fiji Link fleet consists (as of February 2020) of the following aircraft listed in the table below.

title: Fiji Link


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User talk:Zeerus

on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! PS: There you go, I'd usually use my bigger one, but I'm afraid it will screw up your layout. :) +Hexagon1 (t) 09:39, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Nice user page & invitation
Hello, I love your main user page, it looks great! Since you obviously have some skills with CSS, might I encourage you to visit the Template standardisation proposal and possibly submit your own design? Thanks! Talrias (t | e | c) 19:03, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The grey menu at the top was actually an adaption from another user's page, but I changed it around to make it work better and conform to standards. I am experienced with CSS though, and I would be happy to submit it and any other things I can make. by the way, are you a sysop? --Zeerus 19:23, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * No. :) A list of admins is at Special:Listadmins. Talrias (t | e | c) 19:52, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh, okay. I had seen your threat to ban a IP user, so I thought you were one. Anyway, you might want to read the message I put on your talk page about the open source forum project. I'd love to help. --Zeerus 19:57, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * I attempted to send you an email through Wikipedia (see the E-mail this user link in the toolbox). Mine definitely works, so if you don't get my email, please send me one. Talrias (t | e | c) 20:03, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

RFA
Hi, Zeerus, and welcome. Beautiful user page, by the way. I just saw your RFA for Minghong, and I wanted to remind you to sign your nomination. Also, might I suggest that you not include an external link in your signature? It's up to you, of course, but signatures are mainly to identify you and provide access to relevant Wikipedia areas (and to give you a bit of individuality)—some people may object to promoting external sites in your signature. You are free, of course, to link to them from your user page. — Knowledge Seeker দ 20:29, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the tips. I changed around my signature completely. By the way, Texttonic is the name of my new blog I am currently designing. I think my sig looks nicer now anyway. And yeah, I signed my nomination. I had forgotten to click the little signature button up top, which is surprising, because I'm always messing around with it. --texttonic 13:06, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)

Barnstar
Thanks :). Oh, and welcome!

 * you're welcome. I hope Coffee Roll wins. It looks that way so far. I'm currently having a laugh reading about the Wikipedia is Communism vandal. You sure do have a lot of enemies. I would think people would just give up. Why continue vandalizing, it's just a waste of time. Anyway, good luck with that too. texttonic 14:53, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)

InvisionFree/ZetaBoards
No problem, always glad to help. :) --Oakster 09:31, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

sig test
testing my new signature --Z ee rus (ETC) 14:01, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

testing again -- a:hover {color:#ffffff; background-color: #000000;} a:link, a:active, a:visited {color: ##005896 border-bottom: 1px dotted ##005896;} Z ee rus (ETC) 19:54, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

yet another test -- Z ee rus 19:56, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

some more testing -- Z ee rus 19:58, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

still testing -- Z  ee  rus  20:00, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

trying to perfect it -- Z ee  rus  20:01, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

almost -- Z ee rus  20:03, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

yet more testing of the signature -- Z ee  rus  20:04, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

I think this should do -- Z ee  rus  20:09, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

no, maybe this -- Z  ee   rus  20:10, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

small caps, baby -- Z ee  rus  20:14, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

funky symbol -- «Θ» Z ee rus  21:03, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

funky symbol, colors corrected --«Θ» Z ee rus  21:04, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

height adjustment --«Θ» z ee  rus  21:05, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Zeerus, I think your sigs great... and I'd love to do something like that. How do you go about chaning HTML for a sig?

Thanks gloushire 03:18, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

Welcome to Esperanza!
Welcome,, to Esperanza, the Wikipedia member association! As you might know, all the Esperanzians share one important goal: the success of this encyclopedia. Within that, we then attempt to strengthen the community bonds, and be the "approachable" side of the project. All of our ideals are held in the Charter, the governing document of the association.

Now that you are a member you should read the guide to what to do now or you may be interested in some of our programs. A quite important program is the StressUnit, which seeks to support editors who have encountered any stress from their Wikipedia events, and are seeking to leave the project. So far, Esperanza can be credited with the support and retention of several users. We will send you newsletters to keep you up to date. Also, we have a calendar of special events, member birthdays, and other holidays that you can add to and follow.

In addition to these projects, several more missions of Esperanza are in development, and are currently being created at Esperanza/Possibles.

I encourage you to take an active voice in the running of Esperanza. We have a small government system, headed by our Administrator general, Celestianpower, and guided by the Advisory Committee comprised of KnowledgeOfSelf, JoanneB, FireFox and Titoxd. The next set of elections will be in April, and I would be glad to see you vote, or even consider running for a position.

If you have any other questions, concerns, comments, or general ideas, Esperanzian or otherwise, know that you can always contact Celestianpower by email or talk page or the Esperanza talk page. Alternatively, you could communicate with fellow users via our IRC channel, #wikipedia-esperanza (which is also good for a fun chat or two :). I thank you for joining Esperanza, and look forward to working with you in making Wikipedia a better place to work!

 F e  tofs  Hello! 14:01, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the welcome, I'm glad to be a member. I'll mostly be helping with design related issues like the User Page Awards, as that is my specialty.

re: 2006 Thanksgiving Day Buccaneers game
Please look very closely at the actual changes I made :-) Zzyzx11 (Talk) 16:08, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

 * thanks, I looked around the page and couldn't find the info, but didn't bother to check the revision comparison page. thanks for your help. --Z ee rus (ETC) 16:20, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

TMI & BAM
Hi Kevin, thanks for the note. Someone else had already written that bit about Bam at TMI, but had put it up in the top section. I felt it was too tangential for such prominence, and so started the "Popular culture" section. TMI has caused a lot of American cultural references, so I don't doubt that more items may begin to fill that section. Kevin Forsyth 17:14, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

 * somebody wrote it before me? As far as I was aware I was the first person to add that note about the Bam episode. anyway, thanks for straightening it all out. --Z ee rus (ETC) 17:18, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

 * as it seems, User:Fastfission has removed the entire Popular Culture section. I have brought this up on his talk page, if you'd like to join in on the discussion --Z ee rus (ETC) 17:27, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Major events and places are of course featured in many, many instances of "popular culture". Think of how long the section would be for Three Mile Island if every instance of it being mentioned in a television show or movie was compiled -- it would be longer than the description of the accident itself. As such, I think that the only things which should be included in a "popular culture" section are things which really do enhance your understanding of the article itself. I looked into that episode reference and it didn't seem to meet that qualification at all. An example of popular culture enhancing your understanding of a main article is the article nuclear weapons in popular culture -- the general trends and appearances of nuclear weapons in popular culture have gone a long way in shaping and reflecting attitudes towards nuclear weapons. The appearance of the reactor in one episode of a reality show does not seem to do that -- at best it reflects in a very minor way that some people are still apprehensive about the reactor, which is not very much.
 * I understand that people feel differently about this, though, but my goal here is to have a useful and respectable encyclopedia. I don't think adding the MTV reference enchances the TMI article. Obviously the page on the MTV show should have a link back to TMI -- so that a reader who wants to know why they were on that island can find out what it means, if they don't know -- but I don't see any reason to have TMI making a link back to the show. So if you can come up with a good justification -- I don't think the mere inclusion of the island in an episode is noteworthy enough -- then I'll be all ears. As for whether the section should "grow" -- I'm happy to have a "in popular culture" section that is full of noteworthy references, but this one is not, in my opinion, one of them. Hope that clears things up about why I removed it; I'm happy to talk about this further. --Fastfission 17:36, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your response, I now understand exactly why you removed it, and I do agree now that the minor inclusion of the island in that particular episode is not extremely significant. Up until the time that episode had aired, however, I had never heard of Three Mile Island, and upon seeing it on the main page today I said "oh, that's that island from Viva La Bam". In my eyes this was significant, as it's a pretty popular show, but I'll gladly leave it out now that I've heard your opinion. Thanks for discussiong this in a calm manner, your diligence in handling this situation is much appreciated. --Z ee rus (ETC) 17:43, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

re your B'day greeting...
Thanks, It was so very kind of you. Totally Esperanzy! --h y dkat 05:30, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

 * no problem, hope your day was good --«Θ» z ee  rus  13:08, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

Re: User Page Design
Hey, thanks Zeerus! I'd be more than happy to help out with your user page design. Is there anything more specific you'd like (color scheme, font, etc.)? Nice meeting you. :) Regards,  Sango 123   (e)  04:43, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Done. Please let me know if you'd like anything changed. Thanks,  Sango 123   (e)  19:09, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm glad you like the design! Your navpopups are now gone, and I've deleted User:Zeerus/popups.js. Enjoy the other goodies. :) Regards,  Sango 123   (e)  20:13, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I've allowed edit links for individual sections and implemented a new talk page design to match your user page. Just one thing: it's completely up to you, but I'd be deeply grateful if you gave a bit of credit for the design somewhere. Thanks! And no, you haven't been bothersome at all. :) Regards,  Sango  123   (e)  11:43, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

Wikibreak
I hope all goes well durning your move - enjoy your wikibreak! -- Nataly a 12:52, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

Hey, thanks!
Appreciate it! it's been two years of fun, and I'm not sick of it yet! Happy editing, Antandrus (talk) 00:51, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

Old Skool Esperanzial note
Since this isn't the result of an AC meeting, I have decided to go Old Skool. This note is to remind you that the elections are taking place now and will end at 23:50 UTC on 2006-04-29. Please vote here. Thanks. --Cel es tianpower háblame 20:42, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

Re the whole de-bureaucrating thing
Hi, I never came to thank you for the message you left for me a month ago when I stepped down from being a bureaucrat. Thank you for the things you said, it's good to know there are still plenty of good people about in this project. I do not see myself standing for bureaucrat again anytime soon though who knows what the future may bring! Thank you once again. -- Fr a ncs2000 09:39, 29 April 2006 (UTC)

A short Esperanzial update
As you may have gathered, discussions have been raging for about a week on the Esperanza talk page as to the future direction of Esperanza. Some of these are still ongoing and warrant more input (such as the idea to scrap the members list altogether). However, some decisions have been made and the charter has hence been amended. See what happened. Basically, the whole leadership has had a reshuffle, so please review the new, improved charter.

As a result, we are electing 4 people this month. They will replace JoanneB and Pschemp and form a new tranche A, serving until December. Elections will begin on 2006-07-02 and last until 2006-07-09. If you wish to run for a Council position, add your name to the list before 2006-07-02. For more details, see Esperanza/June 2006 elections.

Thanks and kind, Esperanzial regards, —Cel es tianpower háblame 16:00, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

Lakeland
You live in Lakeland? ME TOO! →Cycl  one1 → 21:03, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

Welcome
Gave you a welcome up top, in case you miss it. +Hexagon1 (t) 09:39, 20 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Oh, and happy birthday! +Hexagon1 (t) 04:49, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

Happy Birthday!
Have a great day! EVOCATIVEINTRIGUE TALKTOME | EMAILME | IMPROVEME 10:14, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

Hope you don't mind..
I've spent the last two hours playing with your userpage design to fit my needs. Hope you don't mind me using it, I fail at making my own. :) --Wooty Woot? contribs 09:08, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Happy First Edit Day!
Enjoy it! Regards,  •The RSJ•    Talk  |  Sign Here  23:56, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

May you and Wikipedia be one on this joyous day!!-- γι α τί   Sign Here  |  ESP.  00:43, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Happy first edit day! Greeves (talk • contribs) 02:50, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Happy FE day!!!
See here, here, and here. Have a nice day!!!--Gravity Talk 14:19, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Happy First Edit Day
--  ThinkBlue  (Hit BLUE) 00:32, 2 February 2008 (UTC)
 * FROM YOUR FRIEND:

-- Nadir D Steinmetz 11:55, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

Invite
Jccort (talk) 16:47, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

Meetup
Meetup/Tampa -- You're invited! Hires an editor (talk) 02:00, 3 August 2008 (UTC)

Happy First Edit Day
mheart (talk) 00:10, 3 February 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zeerus


text:
University of San Diego School of Law

The University of San Diego School of Law (USD Law) is the law school of the University of San Diego, a private Roman Catholic research university in San Diego, California. Founded in 1954, the law school has held ABA approval since 1961. It joined the Association of American Law Schools (AALS) in 1966.

Academics
USD Law offers Juris Doctor (J.D.) degrees in either a three-year full-time or a four-year part-time program. Advanced law degree programs offered include Master of Laws (LL.M.) degrees in Taxation, International Law, Criminal Law, Intellectual Property Law, Business and Corporate Law, Environmental and Energy Law, Employment and Labor law, and in Comparative Law for graduates of international law schools. Concurrent degree programs are offered to achieve a J.D. degree with either a Masters in Business Administration, International Master of Business Administration, or Master of Arts in International Relations.

Rankings
USD Law placed 64th among the nation's "Top 150" law schools in 2022 according to the U.S. News & World Report. It previously was ranked 71st in the 2016 rankings, and 86th in the 2020 rankings. In April 2010, USD was ranked 6th in the nation in tax law and first in the Western United States among law schools with graduate tax programs. In January 2011, USD Law was given a "B+" in the "Best Public Interest Law Schools" listing by The National Jurist: The Magazine for Law Students.

The school is a member of the Order of the Coif, a national law school honorary society.

Dean
The dean of the law school is Robert Schapiro. Prior to his tenure as dean, Robert A. Schapiro was the Dean of Emory University School of Law. Dean Schapiro is Asa Griggs Candler Professor of Law and Co-Director of Emory School of Law’s Center on Federalism and Intersystemic Governance. From 2012 to 2017 he served as Dean of Emory University School of Law. Schapiro, an internationally recognized scholar of federalism, is the author of Polyphonic Federalism: Toward the Protection of Fundamental Rights (University of Chicago Press, 2009). A graduate of Yale Law School, he served as editor-in-chief of the Yale Law Journal. He clerked for Judge Pierre N. Leval of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York and for Justice John Paul Stevens of the U.S. Supreme Court.

Faculty
In a 2003–2004 survey based exclusively on academic criteria, Brian Leiter of the University of Chicago Law School ranked USD Law 22nd in the nation for faculty scholarly reputation. Leiter rated USD Law as "Also Strong" in Criminal Law & Procedure, Jurisprudence/Legal Philosophy, Law & Religion, and Legal Ethics.

Six faculty members are members of the American Law Institute, a legal research organization.

Notable guest professors
On numerous occasions, Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia judged the final round of intramural moot court competitions on campus prior to his death in 2016. Along with this, he was a guest lecturer of Constitutional Law classes as well as classes on Oral Advocacy.

Media appearances
Faculty member Junichi P. Semitsu appeared on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire and faculty member Frank Partnoy appeared on an episode of The Daily Show discussing his book The Match King: Ivar Kreuger, The Financial Genius Behind a Century of Wall Street Scandals.

Students
In 2023, the 75th percentile of Law School Admission Test (LSAT) scores was 163 and the 25th percentile of LSAT scores was 157 for admitted full-time students.

Bar passage rates
79% of USD Law graduates who took the California Bar in July 2023 for the first time, passed, compared to 64.8% for all first time applicants who completed the July 2018 California Bar Examination.

Post-graduation employment
Of the 245 students who graduated USD Law in 2022, 235 (95.9%) were employed in some capacity 9 months after graduation.

Appellate Moot Court
The law school's Appellate Moot Court team is composed of two boards, the Executive Board and the Associate Board. The Appellate Moot Court Board hosts two intramural competitions each year, the Alumni Torts Moot Court Tournament and the Constitutional law focused Paul A. McLennon Sr., Honors Moot Court Competition. Both competitions are open to all students after completion of their first year. Additionally, the Board hosts the National Criminal Procedure Competition each fall open to national moot court teams from law schools across the country.

National Trial Team (Mock Trial)
USD Law's National Trial Team trains students for regional and national trial competitions, competing in five major tournaments each year.

Transactional Law Team (TLT)
The Transactional Law Team competes in the National Transactional Law Meet.

Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot (VICAM)
USD Law's Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot (VICAM) team competes in the area of international commercial law and arbitration, also known as alternative dispute resolution. Members of VICAM compete in the Willem C. Vis Moot in Vienna, Austria and the Vis East in Hong Kong.

USD VICAM hosts the Michael Thorsnes International Commercial Arbitration Competition each year. The competition serves as preparation for the Willem C. Vis Moot. It is an international competition, and in 2017 twenty-two teams from ten schools participated, including schools from Japan and Russia.

Student publications

 * San Diego Law Review
 * San Diego International Law Journal
 * San Diego Journal of Climate and Energy Law

Employment
According to the University of San Diego's official 2018 ABA-required disclosures, 67% of the Class of 2018 obtained full-time, long-term, JD required employment nine months after graduation. The University of San Diego's Law School Transparency under-employment score is 24.6%, indicating the percentage of the Class of 2018 unemployed, pursuing an additional degree, or working in a non-professional, short-term, or part-time job nine months after graduation.

Costs
The total cost of attendance (indicating the cost of tuition, fees, and living expenses) at the University of San Diego School of Law for the 2017-2018 academic year is $74,086. The Law School Transparency estimated debt-financed cost of attendance for three years is $270,135.

Notable alumni

 * Thomas J. Barrack Jr., 1971, real estate investor and CEO Colony Capital
 * Shelley Berkley, 1976, Member U.S. House of Representatives
 * Mark Brnovich, 1991, Arizona Attorney General
 * Larry Alan Burns, 1979, federal judge specially appointed for a spree murder trial for the 2011 Tucson shooting in Arizona.
 * Dave Camp, 1978, Member U.S. House of Representatives, Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee
 * Theo Epstein, 2000, formerly the youngest general manager in the history of MLB; president of baseball operations for the Chicago Cubs
 * Jonathan Fahey, former U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement director
 * Joseph Ghougassian, 1980, diplomat
 * Jan Goldsmith, 1976, City Attorney of San Diego and former California State Assemblyman and judge
 * Nancy Halliday, United States Ambassador to Slovenia
 * Robert Kardashian, 1967, lawyer for O. J. Simpson and father of reality show personalities Courtney, Kim, Khloé, and Robert Jr..
 * Judith N. Keep, 1970, Chief District Judge of the Southern District from 1991 to 1998
 * James E. McPherson, 1981, Judge Advocate General of the Navy and Under Secretary of the Army
 * Ron Mix, Football Hall of Fame offensive tackle
 * Thomas P. O’Brien, 1993, United States Attorney for the Central District of California
 * Rod Pacheco, 1983, former California Assembly Member and District Attorney of Riverside County
 * Ron D. Parraguirre, 1985, Chief Justice for the Supreme Court of Nevada
 * Wade Sanders, Deputy Assistant United States Secretary of the Navy for Reserve Affairs and convicted sex offender
 * Lynn Schenk, 1970, former Member U.S. House of Representatives
 * Michael J. Streit, 1975, Associate Justice of the Iowa Supreme Court
 * Danny Tarkanian, Nevada politician, former college basketball player, and son of college basketball coach Jerry Tarkanian
 * Frances Townsend, 1984, former Homeland Security Advisor
 * Larry Williams, American football player

title: University of San Diego School of Law


text:
People's Progressive Movement (Cayman Islands)

The People's Progressive Movement is a political party in the Cayman Islands currently headed by Roy McTaggart.

History
The People's Progressive Movement was founded in 2002. The founding members of the Party, which included Parliamentarians Kurt Tibbetts, Alden McLaughlin, Anthony Eden and Arden McLean, together with Lucille Seymour and many other "Movers and Shakers", committed to the ideals of principle-led governance, full participatory democracy, the formulation of a national development plan and a long-term vision of where they wanted to take the country.

Through the Party's internal processes, the members chose the candidates to represent the Party and ultimately the people of the Cayman Islands. The Party got to work and by the next general election in 2005 was able to present a slate of nine candidates all of whom were embraced by the electorate. The first election contested by the party was the 2005 Caymanian general election, which were by the PPM, who took 9 of the 15 seats in the Legislative Assembly. The first PPM Government took office in May 2005, having been joined by independent candidate for Cayman Brac and Little Cayman, Moses Kirkconnell.

At the subsequent 2009 Caymanian general election the party was defeated by the opposition United Democratic Party and stood in opposition from 2009 – 2013. A referendum on a draft constitution was held at the same time.

On 12 February 2011, the People's Progressive Movement became the first political party in the Cayman Islands to transfer leadership. Kurt Tibbetts, the Leader of the Opposition and founder of the PPM, stepped down at the extraordinary conference, passing on the party's top job to Alden McLaughlin.

A cohesive group of candidates representing a broad and complementary set of skills and experience united under the Party's new leader, Leader of the Opposition, Alden McLaughlin in 2011. The Party presented plans for creating jobs, building communities and restoring pride in government and the country. Immediately following the polls, Juliana O'Connor-Connolly joined nine successful Progressives candidates to cement victory for the Party in the 2013 Caymanian general election.

The general election was held on 24 May 2017. This was the first election to be held after electoral reforms were approved in a 2012 referendum which introduced single member constituencies. The Progressives remained the largest party, winning seven of the nineteen seats. However independents emerged as the largest group in the Legislative Assembly with nine seats. Following negotiations, a coalition government between the Progressives, three Cayman Democratic Party members and two independent members was agreed upon and took office with Alden McLaughlin as Premier of the Cayman Islands on 31 May 2017 securing a second term in office.

Before the 2021 election, PPM leader Alden McLaughlin stepped down as he was term-limited from serving another term as Premier with then-Minister of Public Finance and Economic Development Roy McTaggart becoming leader and McLaughlin taking the role of chairman. On election night, there were jubilant scenes at the Progressive watch party as the party maintained its seven seats along with a Progressive-aligned independent winning. Both McTaggart and McLaughlin were confident about pulling over the two independent MPs necessary to form a government; however, in the next week, Wayne Panton of the PACT group formed a majority with ten of the independents before adding PPM MP Juliana O'Connor-Connolly and another independent on the day he was swore in as Premier. McTaggart became Leader of the Opposition with a caucus of six Progressives and one independent.

List of Leaders of the People's Progressive Movement

 * Kurt Tibbetts (2002 – 2011)
 * Alden McLaughlin (2011 – 2021)
 * Roy McTaggart (2021 – Present)

Newspaper articles
12 May 2005 elections:
 * “The Cayman Islands Election Day 2005” by Staff writer, “Cayman Netnews”, Thursday, May 12, 2005, retrieved June 3, 2006
 * “PPM sweeps” by Alan Markoff, “Caymanian Compass”, Thursday 12 May 2005,  retrieved June 3, 2006
 * “New Cabinet named” by Staff writer, “Caymanian Compass”, Monday 16 May 2005, retrieved June 3, 2006