text:
Buddy Greco

Armando Joseph "Buddy" Greco (August 14, 1926 – January 10, 2017) was an American jazz and pop singer and pianist who had a long career in the US and UK. His recordings have sold millions, including "Oh Look A-There Ain't She Pretty", "Up, Up and Away", and "Around the World". His most successful single was "The Lady Is a Tramp", which sold over one million copies. During his career, he recorded over sixty albums. He conducted the London Symphony Orchestra and performed for Queen Elizabeth II and with the Beatles.

Music career
Buddy Greco was born Armando Joseph Greco to an Italian-American family in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was the son of Giuseppe "Joseph" Greco and Carmela Greco (born Piedimonte), who was originally from Ripabottoni in Molise, Italy. His mother introduced him to piano at age four. As a child he sang on the radio, and as a teen performed in nightclubs in Philadelphia. At age 16, he was hired by bandleader Benny Goodman and spent four years touring the world with the Goodman orchestra, playing piano, singing, and arranging. In 1951 Greco started his recording career, signing with labels such as Coral, Kapp, Epic, and Reprise.

In 1967 he hosted the CBS television series Away We Go with comedian George Carlin. Guests included Buddy Rich and Carmen McRae. He had a role in the film The Girl Who Knew Too Much. In 1969 he formed a duo with jazz guitarist Ron Escheté.

Las Vegas and Palm Springs
Greco met his fifth and last wife, Lezlie Anders, while she was performing in Las Vegas. Working as his supporting act, she met Greco on the stage of the Desert Inn. After marrying, they worked and toured together. In 1992, he performed in Las Vegas at the Starlight Room at Stars' Desert Inn. This engagement ushered in the second phase of his career. The following year he was added to the Philadelphia Music Alliance's Walk of Fame. Shortly after, he toured Italy, France, Australia, and England.

While living in Palm Springs, Greco opened a small club. The walls were decorated with pictures of Greco, the Rat Pack, and other celebrity friends. He performed there often, and it became a popular place for celebrities to dine. After closing it, he moved to England. While living in Palm Desert, California, he continued to appear at his club in Cathedral City, California, until it closed in August 2009.

In 2004, he and Anders were headliners with The Fabulous Palm Springs Follies at the Plaza Theatre in Palm Springs, California.

Life in Britain
Greco became acquainted with Great Britain in 1949. He spent many years performing in Britain's clubs. He moved to Essex, keeping his Palm Springs, California, property as a vacation home. In 2008, he and Anders toured the UK. They performed with the BBC Big Band and at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in London. In August of that year, he was the first Las Vegas headliner to star at a British casino when he performed at the Circus Casino, Star City, Birmingham. In April 2010, he performed a tribute to Frank Sinatra for BBC Radio 2 with the 42-piece BBC Concert Orchestra. He toured the UK with the Swinging Las Vegas Legends show beginning in July 2010.

In 2010, Greco and his wife produced the stage show ''Fever! The Music of Miss Peggy Lee'', which met with critical acclaim at its London West End opening. Greco played piano and conducted the orchestra while Anders sang. The show received positive reviews in the U.S. On New Year's Eve 2011, he made a guest appearance at Hootenanny hosted by Jools Holland, singing "Fly Me to the Moon".

In 2012, he toured the UK in smaller venues, including Thameside Theatre Stage, and The Broadway in Essex.

Greco died on January 10, 2017, in Las Vegas, Nevada, at the age of 90.

Greco had an album released by Scepter which Tom Murray of the Calgary Herald referred to 48 years later as "a strange and beautiful mutant of its time". The album was Let the Sunshine In. It included the songs "Let the Sunshine In", "Everybody Gets to Go to the Moon", "You're My World", "Spinning Wheel", "Never Give You Up", and "Like a Rolling Stone".

Awards and honors

 * Inductee, Walk of Fame, Philadelphia Music Alliance
 * Appears in Encyclopedia of Great Musicians and the Encyclopedia of Great Jazz Singers and Musicians
 * Inducted into the Grand Order of Water Rats in 2011

As leader

 * Buddy Greco at Mister Kelly's (Coral, 1956)
 * Broadway Melodies (Kapp, 1956)
 * My Buddy (Fontana, 1959)
 * Let's Love (Epic, 1961)
 * I Like It Swinging (Columbia, 1961)
 * Songs for Swinging Losers (Epic, 1961)
 * Buddy & Soul (Epic, 1962)
 * Soft and Gentle (Epic, 1963)
 * Buddy's Back in Town (Columbia, 1963)
 * Sings for Intimate Moments with Dave Grusin (Epic, 1963)
 * My Last Night in Rome (Epic, 1964)
 * Modern Sounds of Hank Williams (Epic, 1964)
 * Here's Buddy Greco (Vocalion, 1964)
 * On Stage (Epic, 1964)
 * From the Wrists Down (Epic, 1965)
 * I Love a Piano (Columbia, 1965)
 * Buddy Greco Sings and Plays with the Hollywood All Stars (Society, 1965)
 * Big Band & Ballads (Reprise, 1966)
 * Buddy's in a Brand New Bag (Reprise, 1966)
 * Away We Go! (Reprise, 1966)
 * Let the Sunshine In (Scepter, 1969)
 * It's My Life (Pye, 1972)
 * Movin' On (Pye, 1973)
 * Buddy Greco Live (Pye, 1974)
 * For Once in My Life (Project 3, 1979)
 * Live at the Sands (Picc-a-Dilly, 1980)
 * Hot Nights (Applause, 1982)
 * Ready for Your Love (Bainbridge, 1984)
 * Movin' On (USA Music, 1989)
 * It's Magic (Prestige, 1990)
 *  'Round Midnight (Bay Cities, 1992)
 * Route 66 (Celebrity, 1994)
 * In Style (Camden, 1996)
 * Jazz Grooves (Candid, 1998)

Singles

 * A "The Lady Is a Tramp" peaked at No. 26 in UK Singles charts.

Works

 * Buddy Greco 500 Super Song Book: The World's Greatest Hits for Chord Playing New York, New York: Charles Hansen 1977 ISBN 0849401348 ISBN 9780849401343

title: Buddy Greco


text: User talk:70.85.49.148

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:70.85.49.148


text:
Odd Bondevik

Odd Bondevik (20 June 1941 – 6 September 2014) was a Norwegian theologian who was the Bishop of the Diocese of Møre in the Church of Norway from 17 November 1991 until retirement in 2008. He also served as Preses of the Bishop's Conference of the Church of Norway from 1998 until 2002.

Career
Bondevik was born in Sauda, Norway on 20 June 1941. His family moved to Oslo when he was 8 years old since his father, Kjell Bondevik had been elected to the Parliament of Norway for the Christian Democratic Party. Odd Bondevik attended the MF Norwegian School of Theology and graduated in 1965 with a Cand.theol. degree. From 1969–1978, he worked as a missionary to Japan for the Norwegian Missionary Society. From 1978 he worked at the home office of the Norwegian Missionary Society as a secretary for mission. In 1980 he became the General Secretary of the Society, a position a held until he was consecrated bishop in 1991.

Bondevik was consecrated as Bishop on 17 November 1991. He was elected Preses (President) of the Bishop's Conference for the Church of Norway from 1998 until 2002. In August 2007, he announced his intention to retire and he had his last church service on 10 February 2008 at Molde Cathedral.

In retirement, he put together a new Norwegian translation of the Old Testament. He was noted for proposing that the word "hell" be edited out of the Bible.

He was generally considered to hold conservative theological views.

Personal life
Bondevik's father was the politician and member of parliament Kjell Bondevik and he is a cousin of Kjell Magne Bondevik, the former Prime Minister of Norway. He got married in 2012 to Wenche Yamamoto.

He died on 6 September 2014.

title: Odd Bondevik


text:
Alkyl cycloalkane

Alkyl cycloalkanes are chemical compounds with an alkyl group with a single ring of carbons to which hydrogens are attached according to the formula

 * CnH2n.

They are named analogously to their normal alkane counterpart of the same carbon count: methylcyclopropane, methylcyclobutane, methylcyclopentane, methylcyclohexane, etc.

Methylcycloalkanes are classed into compounds with small, normal and bigger cycloalkanes, where cyclopropane and cyclobutane are the small ones, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane are the normal ones and the rest are the bigger ones.

Nomenclature
The naming of polycyclic alkanes is more complex, with the base name indicating the number of carbons in the ring system, a prefix indicating the number of rings (e.g., "bicyclo"), and a numeric prefix before that indicating the number of carbons in each part of each ring, exclusive of vertices. For instance, a bicyclooctane which consists of a six-member ring and a four-member ring, which share two adjacent carbon atoms which form a shared edge, is [4.2.0]-bicyclooctane. That part of the six-member ring, exclusive of the shared edge has 4 carbons. That part of the four-member ring, exclusive of the shared edge, has 2 carbons. The edge itself, exclusive of the two vertices that define it, has 0 carbons.

Reactions
The normal and the bigger alkylcycloalkanes are very stable like alkanes and their reactions (cf. radicalic chain reactions) are like alkanes.

The small alkylcycloalkanes - particularly alkylcyclopropane - has a lower stability due to the Bayer tension. They react similar to alkenes, though they don't react with the EA (cf. electrophilic addition), but with the SN2 (cf. nucleophilic substitution) reaction mechanism. These reactions are both ring opening reactions and cleavage reactions.

Typical compound
The typical compound of the group alkyl cycloalkanes is methylcyclopropane.

title: Alkyl cycloalkane


text:
Federal University of Santa Catarina

The Federal University of Santa Catarina (Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC) is a public university in Florianópolis, the capital city of Santa Catarina in southern Brazil.

Considered one of the leading universities in Brazil, UFSC is the 6th best university in Latin America in the ranking of Times Higher Education; the 23rd by QS World University Rankings, and was ranked as the 10th best institution of higher education in Latin America by the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities. In the annual ranking of the Brazilian newspaper Folha de São Paulo, it is the 6th best Brazilian university, with courses being among the ten best in the country.

The structure of its campus comprises 11 Academic Schools (Centros de Ensino), divided by field of study. Every School is divided in departments, the largest one being the Department of Mechanical Engineering. The oldest school at UFSC is the School of Law. The Department of Law was the first of UFSC's departments to be officially recognized in 1932.

History

The history of the Federal University of Santa Catarina has its roots in the Polytechnic Institute of Florianópolis founded on March 13 of 1917 by José Arthur Boiteux. Organized as a free institute, it was the first college degree institution of Santa Catarina state. On February 11, 1932 the Law School was incorporated, officially in 1935.

That triggered a movement to start the first state university and on December 18, of 1960 it became the University of Santa Catarina, offering the courses of Law, Medicine, Pharmacy, Philosophy, Economics, Social Service and the School of Industrial Engineering. On July 15, 1968, as an effort of the Brazilian government to improve college education in Brazil with education reform, the major universities in Brazil were reorganized in Schools and Departments and acquired a new education structure, more resembling the American and English methodology. Since then the university became the Federal University of Santa Catarina.

In 1961 the institution earned a new place in the city to build its structure, located in the region of Trindade near downtown Florianópolis. The area was previously occupied by a model farm called Assis-Brasil and is located near the coast, having several streams crossing the actual campus. The moving was finished in 1980.

A young university, the Federal University of Santa Catarina continues to grow. During the 1980s, it began to invest heavily in the expansion of graduate programs and research, besides supporting the creation of technology centers in the state of Santa Catarina and the development of a number of outreach projects for the community. Today, UFSC has four other campuses distributed in the cities of Araranguá, Blumenau, Curitibanos and Joinville.

Admissions
The Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina undergraduate admission process is almost similar to all others in Brazil, using a process called vestibular. It is comprised by several written tests usually performed in 2–3 days. The competition is fierce and the percentage of successful applicants is usually lower than 15% (12,6% in 2018's process ).

The admission process for graduate school is more complex and usually involves a test and a recommendation from the previous college. People interested in graduate degrees at UFSC should contact the department of the intended program directly. The Brazilian Ministry of Education, through CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Nível Superior, Superior Level Personnel Enhancement Coordination) evaluates graduate programs in Brazil every three years, ranking them from 1 (worst) to 7, being 6 excellence and 7 international excellence level.

The following graduate programs at UFSC have received grades 6 or 7, as per the last CAPES evaluation (2013):

 * Aquaculture
 * Chemical Engineering
 * Chemistry
 * Civil Engineering
 * Electrical Engineering
 * Food Engineering
 * Food Science
 * Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Sciences
 * Law
 * Linguistics
 * Mechanical Engineering
 * Materials Science and Engineering
 * Nursing
 * Plant Genetic Resources
 * Pharmacology
 * Philosophy
 * Scientific and Technological Education

Numbers
2016 numbers, provided by the institution.
 * 119 undergraduate programs;
 * 82 Master's degree programs;
 * 55 Doctoral degree programs;
 * 45,006 students (total);
 * 2,670 professors;
 * 3,242 administrative staff.

Academic schools

 * School of Agricultural Sciences – CCA
 * School of Biological Sciences – CCB
 * School of Communication and Arts – CCE
 * School of Education – CED
 * School of Health Sciences – CCS
 * School of Law – CCJ
 * School of Philosophy and Human Sciences – CFH
 * School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences – CFM
 * School of Sports – CDS
 * School of Socio-Economic Sciences – CSE
 * School of Technology – CTC

Notable faculty

 * Helena Amélia Oehler Stemmer – civil engineer

Notable alumni

 * Dário Berger, senator and former mayor of Florianópolis
 * Esperidião Amin, former governor of Santa Catarina
 * Luiz Henrique da Silveira, former governor of Santa Catarina
 * Michel Doukeris, CEO of AB InBev
 * João Nílson Zunino, former president of Avaí FC and pathologist

title: Federal University of Santa Catarina


text:
User talk:ThorstenNY

Feel free to leave messages for me, here.

Alternatively, you can reach me via email.

revert
It was an accident that I reverted almost immediately. See the following edit. Zerotalk 05:53, 8 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Cool! Somehow I only noticed the revert, not its undo. Thanks. —ThorstenNY (talk) 00:07, 9 April 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

A barnstar for you!

 * Hahaha, actually a perspective from outside Europe is always welcome, I admit we Europeans (and especially those living in SE Europe) tend to be hotheaded sometimes, so a third, outsider opinion is much needed and welcome! Thank you both. --- ❖ SilentResident ❖ (talk ✉ | contribs ✎) 12:47, 8 May 2019 (UTC)

ArbCom 2022 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2022 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

If you wish to participate in the 2022 election, please review the candidates and submit your choices on the voting page. If you no longer wish to receive these messages, you may add to your user talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 00:26, 29 November 2022 (UTC)

Charles III requested move discussion
There is a new requested move discussion in progress for the Charles III article. Since you participated in the previous discussion, I thought you might like to know about this one. Cheers. Rreagan007 (talk) 06:14, 24 July 2023 (UTC)

Nomination of Where is Kate? for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Where is Kate? is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Where is Kate? (3rd nomination) until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. IgnatiusofLondon ( he/him • ☎) 11:36, 1 April 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:ThorstenNY


text:
Gypsy (software)

Gypsy was the first document preparation system based on a mouse and graphical user interface to take advantage of those technologies to virtually eliminate modes. Its operation would be familiar to any user of a modern personal computer. It was the second WYSIWYG document preparation program, a successor to the Bravo on the Xerox Alto personal computer.

It was designed and implemented at Xerox PARC in 1975 by Larry Tesler and Timothy Mott, with advice from Dan Swinehart and other colleagues. The code was built on Bravo as a base and the developers of Bravo, including Tom Malloy, Butler Lampson and Charles Simonyi provided technical support to the effort. It was produced for use at Ginn & Co., a Xerox subsidiary in Lexington, Massachusetts, which published textbooks.

Drag-through selection, double-click, and cut-copy-paste were quickly adopted by Dan Ingalls for Smalltalk, beginning with Smalltalk-76. The ideas and techniques were refined in the Apple Lisa and Macintosh and spread from there to most modern document preparation systems.

Differences from Bravo
Although similar in capabilities to the then-current version of Bravo, the user interface of Gypsy was radically different. In both Bravo and Gypsy, a command operated on the current selection. But Bravo had modes and Gypsy didn't. In Bravo, the effect of pressing a character key depended on the current mode, while in Gypsy, pressing a character key by itself always typed the character.

For example, in Bravo's Command Mode, pressing "I" entered Insert Mode. In that mode, pressing character keys typed characters into a holding area ("buffer") until the Escape key was pressed, at which time the buffer contents were inserted before the selection and the editor returned to Command Mode. In Gypsy, no command or buffer was needed to insert new text. The user simply selected an insertion point with the mouse and typed the new text. Each inserted character went directly into the document at the insertion point, which was automatically positioned after the new character.

Among other differences between Gypsy and the then-current version of Bravo were:
 * To select text in Bravo, the user clicked the first and last characters to be selected, each with a different mouse button. In Gypsy, the user could drag from the first to the last character while holding a mouse button down.
 * In addition to cut-copy-paste, Gypsy introduced double-click to select a word as well as the ability to change the style of a text selection to bold, italic or underlined by pressing the Control key (also called "Look") while pressing "B", "I", or "U".
 * To minimize memorization and modes, the least frequently used commands in Gypsy appeared in a clickable menu. Each menu item could have parameters as in dialog boxes today. For example, the Scan (find) command took one parameter, which the user entered modelessly before clicking the command name, "Scan".

title: Gypsy (software)


text:
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ancona–Osimo

The Archdiocese of Ancona–Osimo (Archidioecesis Anconitana-Auximana) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory and metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in the Marche region of Italy.

It has existed in its present form since 1986, when the Archdiocese of Ancona was united with the historical Diocese of Osimo. Since earliest times, the diocese has been directly subject to the Holy See without intermediate authorities.

The archbishop has his episcopal throne in the Cathedral of Ancona, while the Cathedral of Osimo has the status of a co-cathedral.

In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, the archbishop of Ancona was frequently a cardinal. One, Prospero Lambertini, became Pope Benedict XIV.

History
On 19 October 1422, by virtue of the bull Ex supernae majestatis, Pope Martin V decreed the union of the diocese of Ancona and the diocese of Numana (Humana, Umana). Except for the title, the diocese of Numana was completely suppressed.

On 14 September 1904, the Consistorial Congregation of the Papal Curia issued a decree, which had been approved by Pope Pius X, elevating the diocese of Ancona-Numantia to the rank of archiepiscopal see, without any suffragans and with the status and geographical definition of the diocese unchanged. The decree also granted the archbishops the use of the pallium and the archiepiscopal cross, but only within the confines of their own diocese. Cardinal Achille Manara was continued as head of the archdiocese, now as archbishop.

On 15 August 1972, by the bull Qui apostolico officio, Pope Paul VI created the new ecclesiastical province of Ancona, and granted its archbishop the status of Metropolitan. The ecclesiastical province was assigned the suffragan dioceses of Jesi (Aesina) and Osimo (Auximana).

On 5 July 1975, having obtained the permission of Pope Paul VI, the Congregation of Bishops ordered that the title of the archdiocese should only be the Archdiocese of Ancona. The title of Numana was reserved, to become a titular bishopric.

The diocese of Ancona was united to the diocese of Osimo by a decree of the Congregation of Bishops on 30 September 1986. Its name was to be Archidioecesis Anconitana-Auximana. The seat of the diocese was to be in Ancona. The former cathedral in Osimo was to have the honorary title of co-cathedral, and its chapter was to be the Capitulum Concathedralis. There was to be only one episcopal curia, one seminary, one ecclesiastical tribunal; and all the clergy were to be incardinated in the diocese of Ancona–Osimo.

Cathedral and chapter
The cathedral of Ancona suffered considerable damage in World War I, when the Austrian navy bombarded the port of Ancona in May 1915.

In 816, the Emperor Louis the Pious held a council at Aix, at which it was ordered that Canons and Canonesses live together according to a set of rules (canons, regulae). In the Roman synod of Pope Eugene II of November 826, it was ordered that Canons live together in a cloister next to the church. In 876, the Council of Pavia decreed in Canon X that the bishops should enclose the Canons: uti episcopi in civitatibus suis proximum ecclesiae claustrum instituant, in quo ipsi cum clero secundum canonicam regulam Deo militent, et sacerdotes suos ad hoc constringant, ut ecclesiam non relinquant et alibi habitare praesumant.

The earliest history of the Chapter of S. Cyriaco is without documentation. In 1179, however, Pope Alexander III issued a bull, confirming the Archdeacon and his colleagues in the Chapter all the rights, privileges and property which they possessed. In the bull he mentions their right to offerings made at certain altars in the cathedral, which had been granted by Bishops Transbertus, Marcellinus and Bernardus. The Chapter was therefore in existence by the very end of the 11th century.

Bishop Gerardus fixed the maximum number of Canons in the cathedral Chapter at twelve. He then obtained a bull from Pope Honorius III in 1224 which confirmed his action. From early times there were three dignities: the Archdeacon, the Archpriest, and the Primicerius.

In 1622, the Chapter of the Cathedral of S. Cyriaco was composed of two dignities and twelve Canons. In 1710, in addition to the twelve Canons, there were four dignities: these included the Primicerius, the Archdeacon, and the Archpriest. In 1746, there were three dignities.

The Collegiate Church of S. Maria della Piazza in Ancona was also served by a Chapter, composed of a Provost and six Canons.

Synods
A diocesan synod was an irregularly held, but important, meeting of the bishop of a diocese and his clergy. Its purpose was (1) to proclaim generally the various decrees already issued by the bishop; (2) to discuss and ratify measures on which the bishop chose to consult with his clergy; (3) to publish statutes and decrees of the diocesan synod, of the provincial synod, and of the Holy See.

Bishop Luigi Galli (1622–1657) presided over a diocesan synod in Ancona in 1654. A diocesan synod was held by Cardinal Giannicolò Conti (1666–1698) on 4–5 November 1674.

Cardinal Marcello d'Aste (1700–1709) held a diocesan synod in Ancona in 1708; its Constitutions were published in 1738. Cardinal Giovanni Battista Bussi (1710–1726) presided over a diocesan synod in the cathedral at Ancona on 15–18 September 1726. Cardinal Bartolomeo Massei (1731–1745) held a diocesan synod in the cathedral of S. Cyriaco on 26–28 October 1738. Cardinal Giovanni Ottavio Bufalini (1766–1782) held a diocesan synod on 1–3 September 1779.

On 13–15 November 1883, Cardinal Achille Manara held a diocesan synod in the cathedral of Ancona.

Bishops of Ancona

 * Judas Cyriacus ?
 * Primianus
 * [Marcus ?]
 * Primianus
 * [Marcus ?]
 * [Marcus ?]

 * Ignotus (attested 496)
 * Traso ( ? )
 * Traso ( ? )

 * Marcellinus (6th cent. ?)
 * [Thomas]
 * [Thomas]

 * Serenus (attested 598, 603)

 * Maurosus (attested 649)

 * Joannes (attested 680)

 * Senator (attested 743)

 * Tigrinus (attested 826)

 * Leopardus (attested 869)
 * Paulus (attested 873, 878, 880)

 * Bolongerius (Benolegerius) (attested 887)

 * Erfermarius (attested 967, 968)

 * Traso (attested 996)
 * Stephanus (c. 1020)

 * Grimaldus (attested 1051)
 * Gerardus (attested 1068)
 * Transbertus
 * Marcellinus
 * Bernardus (attested 1128)
 * Anonymus (attested 1146)
 * Lambertus (menzionato nel 1150 or 1158)
 * Thomas ? (c. 1172)
 * Gentile (attested 1179)
 * Rodolfus, O.S.B.Camald.
 * Beroaldus (attested 1186–1192)

 * Gerardus (attested 1204–1228)

 * Persevallus (c. 1239–c. 1242)
 * Joannes Bonus (1244– ? )
 * Petrus Capocci
 * Petrus Romanucci (1284 or earlier – 1286)
 * Berardus de Podio (1286–1296)
 * Pandulfus
 * Nicolaus
 * Thomas
 * Nicolaus Rinonis
 * Augustinus de Podio
 * Lanfrancus Salvetti, O.Min.
 * Joannes Tedeschi, O.E.S.A. (1349–1381)
 * Bartholomaeus de Uliariis, O.S.B. (1381–1385)
 * Guglielmo della Vigna, O.S.B. (1386–1405)
 * Carolus de Actis de Saxoferrato, O.S.B. (1405–1406)
 * Lorenzo de Ricci (1406–1410)
 * Simone Vigilanti, O.E.S.A. (1410–1412)
 * Pietro Liberotti (1412–1419)
 * Astorgio Agnesi (1419–1436)

Bishops of Ancona e Numana
United: 19 October 1422 with the Diocese of Numana

 * Astorgius Agnesi
 * Joannes Caffarelli (1437–1460)
 * Agapitus Rustici-Cenci (1460–1463)
 * Antonio Fatati (1463–1484)
 * Benincasa di Benincasis (1484–1502)
 * Giovanni Sacca (1502–1505) Administrator
 * Card. Pietro Accolti (4 Apr 1505 – 5 Apr 1514 Resigned)
 * Francesco de Accolti (5 Apr 1514 – 1523 Resigned)
 * Baldovinetto de' Baldovinetti (26 Mar 1523 – 1538 Died)
 * Girolamo Ghianderoni (12 Nov 1538 – 1550 Resigned)
 * Matteo Lucchi (1550–1556)
 * Vincenzo Lucchi (6 Feb 1556 – 31 Jan 1585 Died)
 * Cardinal Alessandro Farnese (1585) Administrator

 * Cardinal Carlo Conti (1585–1615)
 * Giulio Savelli (11 Jan 1616 – 2 May 1622 Resigned)
 * Luigi Galli (1622–1657)
 * Sede vacante (1657–1666)

 * Card. Giannicolò Conti (29 Mar 1666 –1698)
 * Card. Marcello d'Aste (1700–1709)
 * Card. Giovanni Battista Bussi (1710–1726)
 * Card. Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini (20 Jan 1727 –1731)
 * Card. Bartolomeo Massei (1731–1745)
 * Nicola Manciforte (1746–1762)
 * Card. Filippo Acciaioli (1763–1766)
 * Card. Giovanni Ottavio Bufalini (1766–1782)
 * Card. Vincenzo Ranuzzi (14 Feb 1785 – 27 Oct 1800 Died)
 * Sede vacante (1800–1816)

 * Card. Nicola Riganti (1816–1822)
 * Card. Giovanni Francesco Falzacappa (1823–1824 Resigned)
 * Card. Cesare Nembrini Pironi Gonzaga (1824–1837)
 * Card. Antonio Maria Cadolini, B. (12 Feb 1838 – 1 Aug 1851 Died)
 * Card. Antonio Benedetto Antonucci (5 Sep 1851 – 29 Jan 1879 Died)
 * Card. Achille Manara (1879–1906 Died)

Archbishops of Ancona e Numana
Title granted: 14 September 1904 Name changed: 5 July 1975 to: Anconitana-Numanensis

 * Giovanni Battista Ricci (21 Jul 1906 – 10 Nov 1929 Died)
 * Mario Giardini, B. (1931–1940 Resigned)
 * Marco Giovanni Della Pietra, O.F.M. (25 Mar 1940 – 13 Jan 1945 Died)
 * Egidio Bignamini (18 Nov 1945 – 21 Dec 1966 Died)
 * Felicissimo Stefano Tinivella, O.F.M. (22 Feb 1967 – 6 Jul 1968 Resigned)
 * Carlo Maccari (5 Aug 1968 – 1 Jul 1989 Retired)

Archbishops of Ancona–Osimo
United: 30 September 1986 with the Diocese of Osimo Metropolitan See

 * Card. Dionigi Tettamanzi (1989–1991)
 * Franco Festorazzi (6 April 1991 – 8 January 2004 retired)
 * Card. Edoardo Menichelli (8 January 2004 – 14 July 2017 retired)
 * Angelo Spina (14 July 2017 ... )

Reference works for bishops

 * pp. 664–666.

Studies

 * Fraikin, J. (1914). Ancone, in: Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, Tome deuxième (Paris: Letouzey 1914), pp. 1528–1537.
 * Grimaldi, F. (1984), "I vescovi di Numana, secoli V–XII. Cronotassi critica," in" Studia Picena, n. 49, 1984, pp. 35–41.
 * Kehr, Paul Fridolin (1909). Italia pontificia Vol. IV (Berlin: Weidmann 1909), pp. 194–199.
 * Lanzoni, Francesco (1927). Le diocesi d'Italia dalle origini al principio del secolo VII (an. 604). Faenza: F. Lega, pp. 381–389.
 * Natalucci, Mario (1938). Il tesoro e l'archivio della Cattedrale di Ancona. Ancona: Stabilimento Tipografico Pucci, 1938.
 * Schwartz, Gerhard (1907). Die Besetzung der Bistümer Reichsitaliens unter den sächsischen und salischen Kaisern: mit den Listen der Bischöfe, 951-1122. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner. pp. 240–241. (in German)
 * Natalucci, Mario (1938). Il tesoro e l'archivio della Cattedrale di Ancona. Ancona: Stabilimento Tipografico Pucci, 1938.
 * Schwartz, Gerhard (1907). Die Besetzung der Bistümer Reichsitaliens unter den sächsischen und salischen Kaisern: mit den Listen der Bischöfe, 951-1122. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner. pp. 240–241. (in German)
 * Schwartz, Gerhard (1907). Die Besetzung der Bistümer Reichsitaliens unter den sächsischen und salischen Kaisern: mit den Listen der Bischöfe, 951-1122. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner. pp. 240–241. (in German)
 * Schwartz, Gerhard (1907). Die Besetzung der Bistümer Reichsitaliens unter den sächsischen und salischen Kaisern: mit den Listen der Bischöfe, 951-1122. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner. pp. 240–241. (in German)
 * Schwartz, Gerhard (1907). Die Besetzung der Bistümer Reichsitaliens unter den sächsischen und salischen Kaisern: mit den Listen der Bischöfe, 951-1122. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner. pp. 240–241. (in German)
 * Schwartz, Gerhard (1907). Die Besetzung der Bistümer Reichsitaliens unter den sächsischen und salischen Kaisern: mit den Listen der Bischöfe, 951-1122. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner. pp. 240–241. (in German)
 * Schwartz, Gerhard (1907). Die Besetzung der Bistümer Reichsitaliens unter den sächsischen und salischen Kaisern: mit den Listen der Bischöfe, 951-1122. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner. pp. 240–241. (in German)


text:
User:AdamRetchless/macro

Merge with extinction and speciation.

There is no question that these organisms are descended from the fossil species. Sequence of appearance in the fossil record, geographical distribution, molecular phylogeny all support. (macroevolution is really about common descent?)

the term macroevolution may be used to describe the large changes in morphology between extant species and ancestral species (and by extension, between existing species with shared a shared ancestral species). There is no evidence that these changes are anything more than the accumulation of the changes that are regularly observed between organisms and their descendants--microevolution. Macroevolution may be apparent in relatively large discontinuity in features between organisms represented in the fossil record. While all scientists recognize that this results from the fact fossilized organisms are a small and biased sample of all organisms (as indicated by regular discovery of fossils that fit in these gaps), some believe that this reflects historical variation in the rate of evolution, and particularly rapid evolution in small populations. Some biologists believe that the evolution of novelty is tied to the creation of new species, and therefore macroevolution can refer to the extent and distribution of species.

Occasionally "macromutations" are proposed to be behind this apparently rapid evolution. These may involve processes like homeotic mutations or evolutionary capacitance...symbiosis, horizontal gene transfer, and de novo gene creation.

title: User:AdamRetchless/macro


text:
Grudge

Grudge may refer to:

 * Resentment

Film

 * Ju-On (franchise), aka The Grudge, a Japanese-American film franchise
 * Ju-On: The Grudge, a 2002 Japanese horror film
 * The Grudge (film series), an American horror film series
 * The Grudge, an American horror film
 * The Grudge (2020 film), formerly Grudge, an American horror film
 * Grudge (2021 film), a Turkish thriller film

Music

 * The Grudge (album), a 2004 album by Mortiis
 * "The Grudge", a song by Tool from Lateralus
 * "The Grudge" (song), a 2023 song by Olivia Rodrigo from the album Guts
 * "Grudges", a 2017 song by Paramore from the album After Laughter

Other uses

 * Project Grudge, a project by the U.S. Air Force to investigate unidentified flying objects (UFOs)
 * Al Ba'sa or The Grudge, a spite house in Beirut
 * Grudge, a character in Making Fiends

title: Grudge


text:
Talk:New Castle, Indiana

at New Castle Correctional Facility
Should the New Castle Correctional Facility be mentioned?

Siren
Should the siren test at noon friday be mentioned? Hackwrench (talk) 02:23, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

David Lee Roth
Apparently he was born in Bloomington, but he says it was actually New Castle. Perhaps born in one, lived in the other? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.61.25.254 (talk) 17:38, 24 April 2015 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on New Castle, Indiana. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130614032920/http://www.usatodayhss.com/news/article/trey-ball-new-castle-uses-wooden-bat to http://www.usatodayhss.com/news/article/trey-ball-new-castle-uses-wooden-bat

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:43, 16 February 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:New Castle, Indiana


text:
Hite v. Fairfax

Hite v. Fairfax, (Original Case Citation: 4 Call 42) 8 Va. 42 (1786) was a case decided by the Supreme Court of Virginia that upheld the original title of land granted to Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, over what was known as the Northern Neck of Virginia, a large tract of land located between the headwaters of the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers claimed by Jost Hite.

Future Chief Justice of the United States John Marshall successfully represented the successors of Fairfax to the title. The land currently makes up what is currently considered Northern Virginia and the Fairfax namesake county, Fairfax County, Virginia, comprises the majority of this land.

Marshall represented the tenants of Lord Fairfax, and won his case. From this time, as an examination of Call's Virginia Reports, which cover the period, shows, he maintained the leadership of the bar of Virginia.

The case is available in Virginia Reports--Jefferson-33 Gratten--1730-1880--Call's Reports Volumes 1-6, page 646

Marshall's argument at the bar is available here beginning in the third paragraph with "Marshall, for such of the tenants...."

title: Hite v. Fairfax


text:
James Lloyd (Maryland politician)

James Lloyd (1756 – September 20, 1830) was an American politician.

Lloyd as born at Farley (now Fairlee) near Chestertown, Maryland. He pursued classical studies and studied law, was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice. He was commissioned second lieutenant in the Kent County militia in 1776 and served during the American Revolutionary War. He was a general in the War of 1812 and he freed captive Francis Scott Key from Fort McHenry.

Lloyd was elected as a Federalist to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Henry and served from December 8, 1797, until December 1, 1800, when he resigned. On June 27, 1798, Lloyd introduced the Sedition Act of 1798, a part of the Alien and Sedition Acts.

He engaged in the practice of law afterwards. James Lloyd died at Ratcliffe Manor, near Easton, Maryland on September 20, 1830. He was interred at Clover Fields, the estate of his daughter in Queen Anne's County, Maryland.

title: James Lloyd (Maryland politician)


text:
Ralph Earnhardt

Ralph Lee Earnhardt (February 23, 1928 – September 26, 1973) was an American stock car racer and patriarch of the Earnhardt racing family. He was the father of seven-time NASCAR Cup Series champion Dale Earnhardt, grandfather of Kerry Earnhardt, Kelley Earnhardt Miller, and Dale Earnhardt Jr..

Earnhardt is considered one of NASCAR's all-time winningest drivers with over 350 NASCAR-sanctioned victories. In addition to his driving accomplishments, he served as a mentor to other racers of his time. A skilled craftsman, he built cars and engines for his competitors and served as a teammate and mentor to future NASCAR Hall of Famer, Bobby Isaac.

Background
Earnhardt had German ancestry. He spent many years working in a cotton mill in North Carolina. One of the only ways out of this poor living was racing. Ralph started his racing career on dirt tracks where he was famous for keeping his car in top condition throughout each race.

Racing career
Earnhardt began racing in 1949, and in 1953 it became his full-time occupation. Earnhardt got his start in racing when he was asked to help build an engine for a local driver. "A boy in Kannapolis wanted me to help him build a racing engine. When we finished it, I got in, revved it up and took off. The man who owned the car (a 1934 Ford coupe) offered me a chance to drive it. I ran third in the heat race the first time I got on a track then won the consolation and finished fourth in the main event."

An early mentor of Earnhardt's was Red Vogt who helped him get a good engine and gave advice.

Earnhardt finished second in the 1955 NASCAR Sportsman National Standings behind Billy Myers. In 1956, Earnhardt won the Sportsman National championship, having won 34 of his 76 starts that year.

Earnhardt made his NASCAR Grand National debut at Hickory in November 1956. He was serving as a replacement for Fireball Roberts who was committed to racing in a Grand National event at Willow Springs International Motorsports Park on that same day. Earnhardt won the pole position as the race's fastest qualifier in his debut, but trailed Speedy Thompson for much of the event. On the final lap, the flagman incorrectly waved the white flag for Earnhardt, showing him as the leader, before being corrected by a fellow scorer. This created a confusion where the crowd thought Earnhardt was the race leader and was outraged when Speedy Thompson was declared the winner and Earnhardt in second. As Earnhardt competed at the track weekly, the crowd erupted into a near-riot as it was believed the popular driver had been robbed of a win in his Grand National debut. Soda bottles were thrown onto the track before Earnhardt addressed the crowd by microphone and declared he was satisfied with the scoring explanation.

As a result of his performance at Hickory, Earnhardt received an offer from the Holman-Moody Ford factory-backed team to run on the Grand National circuit in 1957. Earnhardt turned down the offer, reportedly due to the travel involved, being away from his family, and the money he was making as a Sportsman driver.

In mid-1957, Earnhardt entered Grand National competition driving for Lee Petty Engineering, replacing the recently departed Tiny Lund. In eight starts for the team, Earnhardt's best finish was seventh at the Charlotte Fairgrounds.

Earnhardt finished second in the 1958 National Sportsman Championship standings behind Ned Jarrett.

For 1959, Earnhardt competed in NASCAR's new Limited Sportsman Division, a division created to phase out the 1930s Coupes from Sportsman racing. Earnhardt won over 60 races and claimed NASCAR's Limited Sportsman Championship.

Earnhardt was the first car builder/driver to understand and use the tire stagger. Unlike his competitors, Earnhardt was meticulously prepared and had a fleet of five race cars: two Sportsman cars for asphalt tracks, two Sportsman cars for dirt tracks, and one Modified car. He estimated that he made a $9,000 profit in 1959 (over $95,000 in 2024 money adjusted for inflation).

Earnhardt won the Hickory track championship for the fifth time in 1959, winning 22 of 24 races he entered. At the end of the season, the track informed Ralph that he would no longer able to compete there as his constant winning affected track attendance. "That was a period of my greatest success," Earnhardt recalled in 1964. "They won't let me run there anymore. They said I monopolized once and I'd monopolize it again."

In 1960, Earnhardt repeated as NASCAR's Limited Sportsman champion, and won over 50 races that season.

During the 1961 Daytona 500, Cotton Owens needed a relief driver and requested Earnhardt. Earnhardt drove the car to a fifth-place finish. This led to additional races driving for Owens throughout the 1961 Grand National season.

Earnhardt made his debut for the Cotton Owens team at the Atlanta 500 in March. He finished in third place, but believed a scoring error cost him the victory. "I thought I won, Cotton said I won, even the scorers said I won. But I didn't get the money. According to the final tabulation, Bob Burdick finished first. I guess you just can't beat an educated pencil."

At the May 6th Rebel 400 at Darlington, Earnhardt again ran well. He led six laps, but finished three laps behind the leaders. Earnhardt again believed there was a scoring error that cost him additional positions. "In the Rebel 300, I was leading and I made a fast pit stop. Well, nobody passed me and I finished eighth. We still haven't figured that one out."

Earnhardt led 75 laps in the 1961 World 600 and finished 11th. He drove a total of eight races for the Owens before leaving the team at the end of the season. In 1961, Earnhardt had his highest points finish by finishing 17th in the Grand National point standings.

Earnhardt drove an additional 33 Grand National races between 1962 and 1964 before returning to Sportsman racing full-time. In 1967, he was the reigning South Carolina state champion, and track champion at Columbia Speedway and Greenville-Pickens Speedway.

In 1969, Earnhardt left NASCAR competition and competed at the unsanctioned tracks of Metrolina and Concord. He had grown tired of driving to South Carolina to compete at tracks such as Columbia and Greenville-Pickens. Between 1969 and 1972, Earnhardt won four consecutive track championships at Metrolina and Concord. In 1972, he raced his son Dale Earnhardt at Metrolina Speedway in a race with cars from semi mod and sportsman divisions. Earnhardt won 350 NASCAR races in different series.

Health problems forced Earnhardt into a partial retirement in 1973. While he was recovering, Stick Elliott drove Earnhardt's cars and won several races. Earnhardt returned to driving in the summer and won a pair of races at Concord Speedway on June 23 and July 7.

Death
Earnhardt was hospitalized in early 1973 with heart problems. Dale Earnhardt later explained, "Dad had been in the hospital with heart trouble and he was on blood thinners and pills and a special diet. But he had come home and was doing better. In fact he had even been out in the race shop."

Earnhardt died from a second heart attack on September 26, 1973, at the age of 45 in the kitchen of his house. Dale Earnhardt later said, "He had just got the house paid for and he didn't have no bills on his racing equipment. He was gonna lay back and take it easy. And then he had a heart attack... and was gone. He had worked so hard. I think the racing, all the hard work and the worry, caused the strain and the heart attack."

In media
In the film 3: The Dale Earnhardt Story, Ralph Earnhardt was portrayed by J. K. Simmons.

Legacy
In 1989, Earnhardt was inducted into the National Motorsports Press Association's Hall of Fame at Darlington, South Carolina. In 1997, he was inducted International Motorsports Hall of Fame at Talladega, Alabama. In 1998, Earnhardt was named one of NASCAR's 50 Greatest Drivers. In 2004, he was inducted in the Oceanside Rotary Club of Daytona Beach Stock Car Racing Hall of Fame. In 2007, he was inducted in the National Dirt Late Model Hall of Fame. In 2023, Earnhardt was named one of NASCAR's 75 Greatest Drivers.

title: Ralph Earnhardt


text: Category:297 BC deaths

title: Category:297 BC deaths


text: Talk:Amber ale

title: Talk:Amber ale


text:
File:Cardinal team truck.jpg

Pits setup of Cardinal team.

title: File:Cardinal team truck.jpg


text: Category:Bulgarian musical groups

title: Category:Bulgarian musical groups


text:
Talk:Historiography of the Ottoman Empire

Untitled
This opening statement is chronologically out of order, which makes it confusing to read. I do not have the subject or technical knowledge to correct. Thanks

I'd like to see some info about the Ottoman Empire's affect on the rest of the world. That is, the affect of the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the League of Nations "mandate" grants to Britain and France. Thanks!

Improvement Drive
The article History of the Balkans has been listed to be improved on This week's improvement drive. You can add your vote there if you would like to support the article.--Fenice 17:18, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

Revising the Finance Section
Here's a part that doesn't parse well: "The Ottoman military increasingly adopted western military technologies and methods, increasing army personnel of 120,000 in 1837 to over 120,000 in the 1880s." OK, factually I suppose that passes ("over 120,000" is larger than 120,000). But wouldn't it read better if the two numbers differed? It makes me suspect that the original writer of this part of the article may have simply made a typo. Could someone consult the cited source and see if there's a better way of putting this? — Preceding unsigned comment added by TimBRoy (talk • contribs) 01:27, 28 September 2011 (UTC)

Merging with Decline of the Ottoman Empire
The article Decline of the Ottoman Empire looks like abandoned variant of this article. Perhaps its maps could be put here (their original place) and the "Decline" turned into redirect. Pavel Vozenilek 00:26, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

 * This article is about the historiography of the fall of the Empire. It tries to ask the question "Why?" Decline of the Ottoman Empire is a historical article that explains what happened between 1828 to 1908, such as wars, assassinations, military coups.. Who was the minister, who was the sultans... Decline is a part of history of Ottoman Empire series, Rise, Grow, stagnate, decline, dissolution. This article is a conceptual article. These are two different concepts. --TarikAkin (talk) 05:29, 10 January 2009

UTC)    i love adam

It seems odd, but clear enough once it is explained. This article is called "Fall" but is actually about the historigraphy of the decline, while the other is called "Decline" and is actually about the decline. Perhaps other topics, for example the decline of other empires, should be similarly split between an article about a decline and one about the historiography of a decline. One question for this particular empire is not clear. Where's the article that is actually about the fall? Jim.henderson (talk) 02:56, 23 October 2009 (UTC)

Laughable
I just find it quite hilarious how there's an article titled Fall of the Ottoman Empire, but there's no article titled Fall of the British Empire. Just shows us the level of orientalist discourse here on Wikipedia. I'll probably go ahead and start it myself! Cheers!--134.71.165.189 (talk) 04:54, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Well, Britain voluntarily gave up the last bits of it's empire. The Ottoman Empire didn't.  So Fall of the British Empire isn't so much correct as the vague sauntering downward of the British Empire.  Ian.thomson (talk) 12:55, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

 * The Ottoman Sultanate was abolished in 1922 and the Ottoman state ceased to exist. When, pray tell, did the British state cease to exist? Hell, when did their colonial empire cease to exist? 1948 with the independence of India? 1997 with the hand-over of Hong Kong? What about all those little islands and peninsulas they still control? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 123.243.215.92 (talk) 13:30, 3 August 2014 (UTC)

Name change.
This article is not about the fall of the empire. It should be renamed. Perhaps: Theories Why the Ottoman Empire Fell. 69.253.190.244 (talk) 03:57, 2 May 2013 (UTC)

Cleanup
This article needs a lot of cleanup work. It's badly organized, chaotic, and contradictory. It doesn't properly synthesize its sources into a coherent perspective, and will no doubt leave readers confused. In some places it goes into minute detail in ways which don't give the reader any particular insight into the topic, while other sections of the article are left bare and destitute. It's also unnecessarily long. I've tagged it as such. Chamboz (talk) 02:36, 6 August 2016 (UTC)
 * This article contains long and seemingly random discussions of Ottoman manufacture, agriculture, domestic and international trade, transport, finance, and demongraphics under the heading of "The decline theory". However nowhere in these sections is there any indication of how these topics relate to the decline theory. It's just a bunch of random comments on aspects of the Ottoman economy with nothing to tie them to the topic they're supposed to be about. Basically all of it needs to be replaced or moved to another section. Chamboz (talk) 18:46, 2 October 2016 (UTC)

Overlap with Ottoman Decline Thesis
Much of this article overlaps with the article Ottoman Decline Thesis, which is more coherent in addressing historiographical issues pertaining to decline, and better reflects the modern academic consensus. I'd suggest that much of this current article's discussion of decline be trimmed into a summary linking to Ottoman Decline Thesis as its main article. Chamboz (talk) 14:38, 18 September 2016 (UTC)

NPOV
The article gives a tremendous amount of space to the Decline Thesis, and a tiny section on criticism, while scholarly opinion is in fact overwhelmingly opposed to the Decline Thesis. This is highly misleading to readers. Most of the article is totally incoherent anyway; I'm going to begin a process of trimming it, particularly the uncited stuff. Chamboz (talk) 22:55, 26 September 2016 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 10:30, 10 June 2018 (UTC)


text:
Diocese of Oslo

The Diocese of Oslo is the Church of Norway's bishopric for the municipalities of Oslo, Asker and Bærum. It is one of Norway's five traditional bishoprics and was founded around the year 1070.

History
Oslo was established as a diocese in 1068. It was originally a suffragan of the archdiocese of Hamburg-Bremen, from 1104 on of that of Lund and starting from 1152 on of Nidaros. It then covered the (modern) counties of Oslo, Akershus, Buskerud (except Hallingdal), Hedmark (except the northern part of Østerdalen), Oppland (except Valdres), Telemark, Vestfold and Østfold, and the province of Bohuslän, and the parishes of Idre and Särna.

The Diocese of Hamar was established and separated from Oslo in 1152, but it was again merged with Oslo in 1541 (together with the northern part of Østerdalen from Diocese of Nidaros). The regions of Hallingdal and Valdres were transferred from Diocese of Stavanger to Oslo in 1631. (But Oslo had to give the upper part of Telemark to Stavanger in return.) The parishes of Idre and Särna were lost to Sweden in 1644, and the province of Bohuslän was lost in 1658. Hamar (with Hedmark and Oppland) was again separated from Oslo in 1864. The rest of Telemark was transferred to Diocese of Kristiansand (see Diocese of Agder og Telemark) the same year. The Diocese of Tunsberg (with Vestfold and Buskerud) was established and separated from Oslo in 1948. The Diocese of Borg (with Akershus and Østfold) was established and separated from Oslo in 1969.

Today the Diocese of Oslo only covers the county of Oslo and the municipalities of Asker and Bærum in Akershus.

Medieval

 * c. 1050 – c. 1075 Asgaut, missionary bishop
 * Torolv
 * Aslak
 * Geisard
 * 1122–1133 Kol Torkelson
 * Peter
 * ? – 1157 William
 * 1157/61–1170 Torsteinn
 * 1170–1190 Helge I
 * 1190–1225 Nikolas Arnesson
 * 1126–1244 Orm
 * 1247–1248 Torkell
 * 1248–1267 Håkon
 * 1267–1287 Andres (bishop of Oslo)
 * 1288–1303 Eyvind
 * 1304–1322 Helge II
 * 1322–1351 Salomon Toraldson
 * 1352–1354 Gyrd Aslason
 * 1352–1358 Sigfrid of Stavagner
 * 1359–1370 Hallvard Bjørnarsson
 * 1373–1385 Jon
 * 1386–1407 Eystein Aslaksson
 * 1407 Aslak Bolt
 * 1408–1420 Jakob Knutson
 * 1420–1452 Jens Jakobssøn
 * 1453–1483 Gunnar Tjostulvsson Holk
 * 1483–1488 Nils Audensson Kalib
 * 1489–1505 Herlog Vigleiksson Korning
 * 1506–1521 Anders Mus
 * 1521–1524 Hans Mule
 * 1524 Anders Mus

Since the Reformation

 * 1541–1545 Hans Rev
 * 1545–1548 Anders Madssøn
 * 1548–1580 Frants Berg
 * 1580–1600 Jens Nilssøn
 * 1601–1607 Anders Bendssøn Dall
 * 1607–1617 Niels Claussøn Senning
 * 1617–1639 Niels Simonsen Glostrup
 * 1639–1646 Oluf Boesen
 * 1646–1664 Henning Stockfleth
 * 1664–1699 Hans Rosing
 * 1699–1712 Hans Munch
 * 1713–1730 Bartholomæus Deichman
 * 1731–1737 Peder Hersleb
 * 1738–1758 Niels Dorph
 * 1758–1773 Fredrik Nannestad
 * 1773–1804 Christian Schmidt
 * 1805–1822 Fredrik Julius Bech
 * 1823–1845 Christian Sørenssen
 * 1846–1874 Jens Lauritz Arup
 * 1875–1893 Carl Peter Parelius Essendrop
 * 1893–1896 Fredrik Wilhelm Klumpp Bugge
 * 1896–1912 Anton Christian Bang
 * 1912–1922 Jens Frølich Tandberg
 * 1922–1937 Johan Lunde
 * 1937–1951 Eivind Josef Berggrav
 * 1951–1968 Johannes Smemo
 * 1968–1973 Fridtjov Søiland Birkeli
 * 1973–1977 Kaare Støylen
 * 1977–1998 Andreas Aarflot
 * 1998–2005 Gunnar Stålsett
 * 2005–2017 Ole Christian Kvarme
 * 2017–present Kari Veiteberg

Deaneries

 * Oslo arch-deanery
 * Asker deanery
 * Bærum deanery
 * Nordre Aker deanery
 * Søndre Aker deanery
 * Vestre Aker deanery
 * Østre Aker deanery
 * Nationwide deaneries:
 * The deaf chaplain deanery
 * The military chaplain corps

title: Diocese of Oslo


text:
Marv Goldberg

Marv Goldberg (born 1944) is an American writer and historian of music in the field of rhythm & blues.

Biography
Goldberg grew up in the Bronx, New York and was a graduate of Stuyvesant High School (1960), City College of New York (Biology; 1964), and Pace College (now Pace University; Accounting; 1967). He wrote his first music article (on the Clovers vocal group) in 1964. This led to his spending over fifty years interviewing singers, researching their careers, and documenting their contributions to American music. In 1972, he teamed up with Mike Redmond to write a series of articles for Record Exchanger magazine. Based on their popularity, he became an editor and publisher (along with Mike Redmond and Marcia Vance) of Yesterday's Memories, a quarterly magazine devoted to R&B. The magazine first appeared in March 1975 and had 12 issues before ceasing publication in December 1977. Since then, he has written for many R&B publications (such as Goldmine, Whiskey, Women and ..., Record Collectors' Monthly, Discoveries, and Blues & Rhythm). His specialization is R&B from the 1940s and 1950s.

In 1997, he created his Yesterday's Memories Rhythm & Blues Party website. On it, he has posted all of the articles he has written, as well as new articles written expressly for the site. In 2009, realizing that his articles reflected many styles, having been written over so many years, he decided to re-write all of them for consistency. He constantly updates them with new information and photographs.

Goldberg is also a disk jockey, and over the years was a guest on many New York area shows. In March 1997, he got his own show, the Yesterday's Memories Rhythm & Blues Party, on WSHR, a 250-watt station (at the time) located at Sachem High School in Lake Ronkonkoma, Long Island, New York. This lasted for 75 weekly shows, until he moved to the Internet on October 25, 1998, with a weekly show having the same name.

Over the years, Goldberg has interviewed most of the biggest names in 1940s and 1950s R&B vocal-group music, in addition to hundreds of lesser-known singers. Marv especially had an appreciation for the well-known New York groups like the Crickets, the Paragons, the Jesters, and the Velours. In 1998, his book More Than Words Can Say: The Ink Spots and Their Music, with an introduction by Peter Grendysa, was published by Scarecrow Press.

More recently, Goldberg has begun to document R&B single artists, such as: Wini Brown, Annisteen Allen, Browley Guy, Chuck Willis, Mabel Scott, Little Esther, Mel Walker, Danny Overbea, and many others who have never been written about in depth.

Goldberg worked as an accountant, a systems analyst, and a technical writer, but his first love was always the music.

title: Marv Goldberg


text:
File:Cardinal claude bourbonais swift.jpg

Claudes Swift F2000


text:
Methylcyclopropane

Methylcyclopropane is an organic compound with the structural formula C3H5CH3. This colorless gas is the monomethyl derivative of cyclopropane.

Reactions
Methylcyclopropane, like many other cyclopropanes, undergoes ring-opening reactions. Bond cleavage in certain reactions is also reported in conjunction with the use of methylenecyclopropane groups as protective groups for amines.

title: Methylcyclopropane


text:
Bishapur

Bishapur (Middle Persian: Bay-Šāpūr;, Bishâpûr) was an ancient city in Sasanid Persia (Iran) on the ancient road between Persis and Elam. The road linked the Sassanid capitals Estakhr (very close to Persepolis) and Ctesiphon. It is located south of modern Faliyan in the Kazerun County of Pars Province, Iran. Bishapur was built near a river crossing and at the same site there is also a fort with rock-cut reservoirs and a river valley with six Sassanid rock reliefs.

History
The name Bishapur derives from Bay-Šāpūr, which means Lord Shapur.

According to an inscription, the city itself was founded in 266 AD by Shapur I (241-272), who was the second Sassanid king and inflicted a triple defeat on the Romans, having killed Gordian III, captured Valerian and forced Philip the Arab to surrender. The city was not a completely new settlement: archaeologists have found remains from the Parthian and Elamite ages. The city remained important until the Arab conquest of Persia the rise of Islam in the second quarter of the 7th century AD.

The city has a rectangular plan with a grid pattern of regular intra urban streets, resembling Roman city design. This design was never repeated in the architecture of Iran.

Excavations and research
The site was cleared by the Russian-French archaeologist Roman Ghirshman in the 1930s. The British archaeologist Georgina Herrmann has also written a book about the Sasanian rock reliefs in Bishapur which was published in 1980.

Decoration
The main part of the excavations took place in the royal sector, in the east of the city. A water temple, interpreted as an Anahita temple, was erected near the palace.

The floor was paved with black marble slabs, with a mosaic border. At the top of each alcove there was a picture of women naked under their transparent veils: courtesans, musicians, dancers, women twisting garlands, together with a few richly attired noble ladies.

title: Bishapur


text: User talk:67.113.43.133

title: User talk:67.113.43.133


text:
Thomas Flatman

Thomas Flatman (21 February 1635 – 8 December 1688) was an English poet and miniature painter. There were several editions of his Poems and Songs (1674). One of his self-portraits is in the Victoria and Albert Museum. A portrait of Charles II is in the Wallace Collection, London. His miniatures are noted for their vitality.

Life
Flatman was the son of a clerk in Chancery and was born in Aldersgate Street and educated at Winchester College. He went on to study at New College, Oxford. He was later called to the bar in 1662 although he seems never to have practiced as a lawyer. He was a staunch Royalist and one of his poems was to celebrate the return of Charles II in 1660 after the collapse of the Cromwellian Commonwealth.

Among his earliest verses are lines prefixed to Graphice (1658) by Sir William Sanderson, a work containing a description of the art of miniature painting, based on Edward Norgate's writings. Flatman divided his career between writing poetry (in which his earnest religious temperament is revealed) and painting portraits in miniature. A versatile man, he was made a Fellow of the newly founded Royal Society in 1668. A number of his friends were leading clergymen, and many of his sitters were drawn from the Church and other intellectual circles.

Alexander Chalmers attributes the satirical work Don Juan Lamberto, or a Comical History of the late Times  to Flatman in his entry in the General Biographical Dictionary of 1812–1817.

title: Thomas Flatman


text:
File:Cardinal team Lola.jpg

Cardinal team Lola.

title: File:Cardinal team Lola.jpg


text:
List of US Open men's doubles champions

The inaugural US Open men's doubles tennis tournament, in 1881, was reserved for United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) club members and was won by Clarence Clark and Frederick Winslow Taylor. The following year, 1882, the championships opened to international competitors. Between 1890 and 1906 sectional tournaments were held in the east and the west of the country to determine the best two doubles teams, which competed in a play-off in Newport to see who would play the defending champions in the challenge round. The challenge system was abolished in 1920. The doubles event was held in various locations; Newport (1881–1914), Forest Hills (1915–1916, 1942–1945, 1968–1977), Longwood (1917–1933, 1935–1941, 1946–1967) and Germantown, Philadelphia (1934) before it settled in 1978 at the USTA National Tennis Center, now the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, in New York City.

U.S. National Championships
The following pairings won the U.S. Open tennis championship, or its predecessor United States National tennis championship, in Men's Doubles.

title: List of US Open men's doubles champions


title: User:Violetriga/Templates2/oldvfd


text: User talk:70.88.130.10

title: User talk:70.88.130.10


text: User talk:199.31.3.197

title: User talk:199.31.3.197


text:
List of members of the Council of States (2003–2007)

This is a list of members of the Swiss Council of States during the 47th legislature (2003–2007). Most members were elected in the 2003 Swiss federal election.

Presidents

 * 2003/2004: Franz Schiesser
 * 2004/2005: Bruno Frick
 * 2005/2006: Rolf Büttiker
 * 2006/2007: Peter Bieri


text:
Talk:Turing (programming language)

Article Expansion Suggestions
Though there may be mixed feelings about this programming language, I feel it deserves a more detailed article. I'm first thinking I'd like to add some details as to why it is a suitable language for teaching programming (easily used graphic procedures, very little preparation time, etc.) Before I add a whole new heading, I'd just like to give anyone else who may be watching this page a chance to make suggestions. Balrog30 06:45, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I removed most of the examples except for the factorial one. I don't know what they're supposed to demonstrate other than someone's grade 10 CS homework, if someone seriously wants to show off Turing's capabilities, they ought to do it properly. I left the factorial function just so people can see some syntax, it's kind of standard fare as an example.

The factorial program demonstrates the commands put, if, else, exit when, calculating procedures and loop. The others include getch, drawfill..., hasch, Rand.Int, more complicated commands. The french verb conjugation program was var, get, put, elsif and if, and was not nessecary.

 * Referring to teaching, the first paragraph claims that Turing is being used as a teaching language. The claim will become convincing and more informative (for any programming language for which it is made!) if evidence (quotes, links) is provided, so that others who would like to learn about its successful use in teaching can actually see how and where. GeorgBauhaus (talk) 22:17, 13 January 2010 (UTC)

Turing Language
Turing, while hard to understand is quite fun once you get the hang of it.

--> Turing is not hard at all. Turing is a very easy language to learn, just that it is not as powerful as other programming languages, such as C++ and Java.
 * Actually, it has exactly the same power as C++ and Java, i.e. it allows you to compute anything that is Turing Computable.
 * That's a ridiculous assertion, you can build a Turing machine with ticker tape and a pencil. If language A performs tasks faster than language B, then language A is more powerful than B. If language A offers more flexibility than language B, then language A is more powerful than language B. Turing has neither the speed of C++, the compactness of C nor the functional capabilities of Ruby.

If by fun you mean the biggest waste of time in my entire highschool career (worse than grade 9 gym!).
 * Sounds like a problem in the writer rather than in the language!

This language feels really slow compared to other, more popular ones but it's very easy to get into.

Turing is used in Canada as a educational programming language. It needs to be simple and easy to understand so young programmers can establish interests in programming faster (is they like it). If Grade 9 programming was something like C++, I bet there won't be as many students realizing the fun of programming. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Facultyofmusic (talk • contribs) 18:40, 30 July 2009 (UTC)

Disambiguation Page Needed
Don't have time to do it myself at the moment but needed please! Thanks BananaManCanDance (talk) 19:34, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

Deletion
I don't want to see this language article deleted. The language has been around for over 30 years and I was a first user of it back in 1983. I know it was used up to 2009 as a teaching language, and maybe beyond that. It does have historical significance, and I agree that additional references need to be found and listed. I am sure there are other secondary and tertiary references to be found. I added the following book to the article already. Brianonn (talk) 02:31, 26 May 2015 (UTC)

Merge discussion
After the delete proposal above I started to look at the Turing+ and Object-Oriented Turing pages, and I think those dialects don't warrant their own pages and can be merged into this general article about the Turing Programming Language Brianonn (talk) 00:06, 27 May 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Turing (programming language). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100405101149/http://www.holtsoft.com/ to http://www.holtsoft.com/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100417185823/http://www.holtsoft.com/old_index.html to http://www.holtsoft.com/old_index.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:32, 2 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Turing (programming language)


text:
Diocese of Borg

Borg is a diocese in the Church of Norway. The diocese includes parishes in the counties of Østfold and Akershus, excluding Asker and Bærum. It was created in 1969 by separation from the Diocese of Oslo. The Cathedral City is Fredrikstad.

Fredrikstad Cathedral
Fredrikstad Cathedral was designed by architect Waldemar F. Luhr and built in 1880. The cathedral as built of red brick and has a capacity of 1,100 seats. It was originally named Vestre Fredrikstad Church. When Borg diocese was created in 1968, the cathedral changed its name. The cathedral is in the Gothic Revival style.

The stained-glass windows by Emanuel Vigeland date from 1917. The richly decorated pulpit and the colourful wooden altar piece, dating back to 1897, were the work of Wilhelm Peters and represents Jesus healing the blind man.

The cathedral was restored and enlarged by architect Arnstein Arneberg in 1954. The interior was designed by Norwegian painter Axel Revold.

Structure
The Diocese of Borg is divided into eight deaneries (Prosti) spread out over Viken county. Each deanery corresponds a geographical area, usually one or more municipalities in the diocese. Each municipality is further divided into one or more parishes which each contain one or more congregations.

List of bishops

 * 1969−1976 : Per Lønning
 * 1976−1977 : Andreas Aarflot
 * 1977−1990 : Gunnar Lislerud
 * 1990−1998 : Even Fougner
 * 1998−2005 : Ole Christian Kvarme
 * 2005–2012 : Helga Haugland Byfuglien
 * 2012–2021 : Atle Sommerfeldt
 * 2022-present : Kari Mangrud Alvsvåg

title: Diocese of Borg


text: User talk:218.19.160.157

title: User talk:218.19.160.157