text:
Talk:Jurist

Stub?
IMO, this isn't a stub. Your opinions? Computerjoe 's talk 19:33, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

Agreed- can you remove? I’m on a mobile and can’t figure out how but I’m not using the app so some functions might not work - let me know! NuttMerg (talk) 19:27, 21 June 2021 (UTC)

Inacurate information?
In Europe there are two classes of lawyers, the jurists and what is in many places known as advocates. In Belgium we use the English term lawyer for everyone who can plea (you have to do a 3 years internship for that). People who have studied law and are not a lawyer because they haven't done their internship are referred to with the general term jurists (but lawyers are part of the jurists too). To speak in Venn diagram's terms: if jurists and lawyers are two concentric circles (or Venn diagrams). Jurists is the outer one and lawyers the inner. The quote implies that jurists excludes lawyers.

In Continental law (as apposed to Anglo-American law) there are no 2 types of lawyers in the sense of barristers and solicitors (in England). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.219.161.65 (talk) 14:22, 11 January 2007

islamic law??
sharia common? Muslim world?? the concept of Ulema has little to do with a jurist no?? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Noserider (talk • contribs) 12:22, 2 April 2009 (UTC)

American English?
"The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage."

I'm American, and I've never heard the term used. Could it be vice versa? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.165.20.126 (talk) 07:35, 3 August 2011 (UTC)

 * Yes I'm very dubious about this statement too, I'm not sure it's particularly helpful. This article also doesn't cite any references so it seems this is just the opinion of whoever wrote the text. Without references I'm inclined to rewrite this to simply state the facts. Some examples of its useage would be good.Gymnophoria (talk) 00:48, 12 August 2011 (UTC)

 * The definition in the intro is contradicted by two statements in the next section that in N America the word is usually used only for judges, or for eminent judges and academics. I have tagged the article as contradictory, and disputed the same definition used at Category:Jurists by nationality. - Fayenatic (talk) 17:09, 19 August 2011 (UTC)

Roman law (historical)?
Just to add more confusion to the discussion, in ancient Rome, jurisconsults (iuris consulti) were legal professionals in the sense of men learned in law. They were academics, but their issued legal opinions carried a lot of persuasive weight and were frequently consulted by lawyers and judges.

I believe its a misnomer to equate the term "jurist" with "jurisconsult", the latter should be exclusively reserved for referring to the abovementioned Roman-era individuals. In English, "jurist" is a broad term simply meaning anybody well-versed in or trained in law. Of course in other languages, especially those operating in Civil Law jurisdictions, the term "jurist" may carry other professional connotations as the article has identified. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.75.167.74 (talk) 22:33, 25 September 2012 (UTC)

Expert needed
Someone with an expertise in law, specifically legal terminology, needs to edit this article, which currently has a very confused definition of the term, and contradicts itself on the prominence of the term in different dialects. References, of course, are sorely lacking. ❤ Yutsi Talk/  Contributions  ( 偉特 ) 14:46, 26 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Indeed. I am looking for two articles on this Wikipedia: 1/ about the legal profession in general (incl. lawyers and judges and scholars), 2/ about law scholars, university professors, people who do jurisprudence. Which of them is this (supposed to be)? Littledogboy (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 18:34, 28 June 2013 (UTC)

 * ✅. Better? Littledogboy (talk) 01:10, 10 October 2013 (UTC)

Inclusion of section on Islamic use of "jurist"
Anon editor has removed from this article a section on Islamic use of the word "jurist", stating "this is not a cultural event we are discussing" and "there is no reason for specific inclusion of any religion."

The section seemed to me (i) sufficiently well-referenced and (ii) relevant. Other articles link to this page "jurist", intending to refer to the Islamic use of the term. For example, the article Somalia currently includes a link here as follows:
 * Among these Islamic scholars is the 14th-century Somali theologian and jurist Uthman bin Ali Zayla'i of Zeila, who wrote the single most authoritative text on the Hanafi school of Islam…

I therefore propose that the section should be reinstated. – Fayenatic  L ondon 22:09, 25 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Yes hello friend, although your intentions seem to be good, you may not realize that you are actually harming Wikipedia by lowering the quality of content and wasting the time of editors who could be doing other things. There are many reasons why that section was rightfully removed, and why more removals are sure to come. Thanks for your understanding. 75.82.55.192 (talk) 11:48, 11 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Well then, list and discuss these alleged reasons. – Fayenatic  L ondon 15:28, 11 March 2016 (UTC)

 * The reason it was removed was because it's false information. You also conveniently ignored the section below this one which actually does give reason for one of the related edits you are reverting. There are two main edits you just reverted in one fell swoop without discussing both of them here. But the particular reason why Islamic people were removed was because religion and law are two entirely different subjects. Islam is a religion, and is definitely not law. This is a religious matter, not a legal one. There is a profound relation between the so called jurisprudence done by these Muslims and their guidance under religious values. More so than any other organization I can think of at this moment. And Islam is also particularly notable because not much has changed since medieval times, and I honestly don't mean this as an insult, but rather as historical fact, and to also highlight the stark contrast in true legal nature. But on top of all of this, there is nothing which proves these people in question were jurists. They are not really a part of the history which has contributed to modern law. The individual Wikipedia articles of the people who were removed does mention most of them as being a jurist, but there is literally nothing to back this up within those articles. I did the research and there is not a single credible source which mentions anything of actual jurisprudence. Yes, there is a lot of cleaning up which needs to be done here, and you are really trying to be difficult just for the sake of your own agenda, which actually is disruptive behavior. I recognize there is genuine hatred for Muslims here on Wikipedia, but really, lets not get carried away between what is accurate information and what is combating Islamiphobia. Thanks. 75.82.55.192 (talk) 19:20, 11 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Also notice how men such as Plato, Tribonian, Cicero and Papiniano are neither tools of royal court nor defined by their religion. They were free men from a time where religion played a different type of role in peoples lives, they were also a part of a republic, something which true law is a product of, and order. The actual law which helps guide the modern world today was totally founded outside of religion. And these people such as Plato and Papiniano on this article here are placed next to Chanakaya, who was not religious but a tool of royal court. But besides this Chanakya didn't really do anything which can be considered as participating in realistic jurisprudence. His photo really does look out of place. Monarchy, Christianity and Islam are really powers of the dark ages, of the age when monarchy came to be the dominant power, after the fall of the republic, and with monarchy came the modern way of religions we know today, which are products of monarchy, they certainly have evolved under total control of monarchy, which again are things of the dark ages that really have no value here. But also notice how later-period Islamic people were kept on the list, because they are within an age where Jurisprudence can actually be defined. Thank you for wasting my time. 75.82.55.192 (talk) 20:41, 11 March 2016 (UTC)

The question is whether these people – or the others that you removed, namely Al-Farabi, Al-Biruni and Avicenna – are described as jurists in what Wikipedia calls "reliable sources". You are entitled to your opinions on politics or religion, but please observe WP:NPOV in editing Wikipedia. – Fayenatic  L ondon 00:06, 12 March 2016 (UTC)

 * Reading comprehension? I already told you they are no sources which describe these people as Jurists. Their Wikipedia articles may list them as being a jurist, but there is literally nothing to back this up within those articles. I would also like to note that I have full access to libgen. Do you know what libgen is? Many of the sources are actually quoted out of context too, which is interesting because someone is really making an effort to lie about the importance of these Muslims. And you are also not replying to any of the reasons I gave you, which you indeed asked for. You are ignoring logic and stating mere technical excuses which I already addressed before you even replied. You honestly need to do better.75.82.55.192 (talk) 01:07, 12 March 2016 (UTC)

please take your time 75.82.55.192 (talk) 01:59, 12 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Here, I will make this simple for you. Here is a list of valid reasons which contest your decision to undo my removal of Sharia Law and some Muslim Scholars. Please respond to them rather than attempt to make your own technical excuses for why you think your decision should stand.
 * Sharia Law is a religious subject, not a legal subject.
 * There are many religions with their own laws-- these are actually called beliefs, and never considered to be legal subject. Why do you, or anyone who is Muslim demand special treatment here?
 * There is a specific history which modern day law follows, there is a basic established legal system which most of the world abides by, and this legal system carries it's own very specific history, totally unrelated to Islam
 * Jurist has a specific definition of Jurisprudence already defined here in this article. And none of the things I removed had real sources which proved those people were involved with Jurisprudence. The sources for some of these scholars on their respective articles also seem as if they were purposely kept vague, and some are from textbooks which are not available online through public access. And the others mention nothing of Jurisprudence and some of them are actually misquoted. I would assume on purpose. Please explain why.

 * Thank you for explaining your reasons at last. These do not stand up to examination. Replying to the above points in turn:
 * Sharia Law is self-evidently both a religious subject and a legal subject.
 * Islamic jurists deserve coverage on the page "jurist" because the word "jurist" is used in reliable sources to describe them. Others e.g. Christian canon lawyers would belong here too if the word is likewise used of them.
 * Which legal system are you referring to that "most of the world" abides by? Even in Europe, countries are divided between those with a foundation of Roman law or common law. Islamic law is the foundation in some other countries. Where the national systems (built on these different foundations) have to interact, the subject of private international law arises to handle the conflicts between them.
 * As for the biographies: if you want people to know what "libgen" you are talking about, then be helpful and link to the article Libgen. Although you are fortunate to have access to such a resource, it is evidently not as exhaustive as you think, because there are other sources that refer to some of the deleted individuals as jurists, e.g. Avicenna's biography at the University of St Andrews. I have not checked  thoroughly, and for Chanakya, Al-Farabi and Al-Biruni, you may be right; perhaps the biography articles used the word "jurist" in the broader sense of scholar/philosopher-statesmen whose work included jurisprudence. In that case, if you have investigated thoroughly, I would have no objection to you removing the word from their biographies, nor their portraits from this article. – Fayenatic  L ondon 15:28, 12 March 2016 (UTC)

 * Once again you are cherrypicking certain things and ignoring other key elements of logic. I honestly believe you have a specific agenda in mind here.

 * No, Sharia law is not something which is both legal and religious. It is entirely within the scope of religion, and nowhere else.
 * There are many religions with their own laws-- these are actually called beliefs, and never considered to be legal subject. Once again why do you, or anyone who is Muslim demand special treatment here?
 * Yes, I was going to correct the statement I made about the system in which most of the world abides by. But to reiterate-- the 'legal system' here is any sense of decision being carried out by a person or institution, with the purpose of accurate due process, fairness and order. These are also products of logic. The legal system is basically anything which is not medieval street justice. And this specific system actually does have a very specific history, none of which is related to Sharia Law or Islam. I honestly don't intend to sound harsh, please excuse me, but religion is something which really does not belong anywhere within the legal field. And you are really asking for an explanation and I am certainly giving it to you.
 * Libgen actually is quite exhaustive, what exactly are you talking about here? The wikipedia article on libgen is incomplete and does not accurately describe what libgen is. It provides much more than mere scientific research.
 * I am familiar with Avicenna, and he was definitely not a jurist
 * I understand the intention of some people who want to highlight the golden age of Islam and bring a sort of emphasis to the subject. I understand the purpose of this, I really do, but I also think it's going a little beyond of what is the actual truth.

There are many more reasons why Sharia law is not considered valid law beyond the scope of religion. The fact I have to sit here and explain all of this is absurd. Simply the word 'Law' placed in front of 'Sharia' does not make it a legal subject. I cannot possibly believe anyone would think otherwise. Wikipedia has really lowered it's standards on the type of content and the actions they are allowing. This article is insulting, which is why I do not hesitate to include my own type of slander, which although is truthful, probably doesn't help my case out. But has anyone taken the time to consider how this article may be insulting to anyone like me who appreciates accurate information? Of course not, and that is not fair. 75.82.55.192 (talk) 06:47, 13 March 2016 (UTC)

It's nice that we are able to agree on something, but please, I assure you, all the people I originally removed must remain deleted. 75.82.55.192 (talk) 19:51, 12 March 2016 (UTC)

I also have a source which trumps the source you provided on Avicenna. http://www.britannica.com/biography/Avicenna

The Encyclopedia Britannica is one of the most definite sources for establishing truth online, much better than the source you provided. The source I provided does not mention anything of him being a jurist, it actually mentions nothing of any type of legal work. Because his legal work really was insignificant 75.82.55.192 (talk) 20:51, 13 March 2016 (UTC)

Where is the line drawn between someone who is a tool of royal court and someone who is actually involved with jurisprudence?
There are some persons who have the label of jurist applied to them with no realistic sense of what a jurist actually is and how we define jurism. It seems that any person from the ancient world of primitive law who was loosely cited or had the slightest involvement with anything, can have their place within this article. It's very hard to label an ancient scholar as a real jurist, because ancient law was extremely primitive, and this is why very few people fit the bill. Only a select few people of the ancient world who are directly involved with real legal history may rightfully be called a jurist. I don't want to make this an issue of race or religion, but really, it seems like some of these other people were thrown up just for the purpose of cultural diversity. I really don't have anything against any other people or culture, but it irritates me to see such inaccurate or false information being touted just for the sake of social justice. This is why people who should not be up here will be removed, then if I feel the need, I will continue going down the line and editing their respective articles to remove the label of jurist applied to them by seemingly eager individuals, or whoever did this. 75.82.55.192 (talk) 11:40, 11 March 2016 (UTC)
 * See my reply above about sources. Wikipedia is based on those, not on opinions. – Fayenatic  L ondon 00:08, 12 March 2016 (UTC)

 * And who is making an opinion here? Not I. 75.82.55.192 (talk) 00:58, 12 March 2016 (UTC)

Navbox
Having been reverted by User:....SandwitchHawk...., I'm bringing the matter to the talk page. I am not on mobile and am aware of what I removed. I removed the navbox as it was not bidirectional (as I indicated) per WP:BIDIRECTIONAL. 207.161.217.209 (talk) 02:33, 18 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I would assume that it doesn't need to be "bidirectional" to be relevant. Also would like to suggest using a better term to describe this matter, as "bidirectional" is extremely primitive and vague. The portal seems to provide substance and is doing no harm. ....SandwitchHawk.... (talk) 03:26, 18 September 2016 (UTC)
 * How is the term "primitive" (if were to look past how problematic the term "primitive" is)? In any case, WP:BIDIRECTIONAL is clear in this matter, and if you feel otherwise, that would be a discussion for WT:CLN. 207.161.217.209 (talk) 03:31, 18 September 2016 (UTC)
 * The term is vague to say the least. And wp:bidirectional hardly makes any ground statements, if any at all. But feel free to delete this useful information as you see fit. I personally think its useful. ....SandwitchHawk.... (talk) 09:57, 18 September 2016 (UTC)

Why have Arabs, Persian and Indian jurists' images been removed?
Only westerns are included (apart from ambedcar). Why? It is me the user who made this image section of these influential jurists.--79.75.49.248 (talk) 17:14, 16 November 2017 (UTC)

Add Gratian to notable jurists section
I'm posting this here because it said not to change without discussion. Gratian was the father of canon law and is one of the most influential jurists of the Medieval period. His Decretum (c. 1140s) formed the basis of canon law for almost 8 centuries, and still heavily influences contemporary canon law. He deserves to be on this list. Canon Law Junkie §§§ Talk 14:58, 1 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Based on this page's edit history, people don't seem to be abiding by this supposed injunction, so I went ahead and added it, as the page does not feature a prominent canonist qua canonical jurist (it features prominent canonists qua scholars of international law, but that's different). The add is completely reasonable as it is undisputed within canonical history that he is one of the most notable and influential canonical jurists of all time. Canon Law Junkie §§§ Talk 15:12, 1 August 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 03:08, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Abul ala maududi.jpg

Suggestions please for related term
I need a word with similar meaning in British English at Talk:Internal Market Bill to describe a group that includes a very senior judge and a number of eminent barristers. Any ideas? (there, please). --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 17:57, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jurist


text:
OSB

OSB may refer to:

 * Orlando Solar Bears
 * OSB, Amtrak station code for the Old Saybrook station in Connecticut, United States
 * Oklahoma School for the Blind
 * OneSavings Bank plc, a UK registered bank that operates under the trade name Kent Reliance
 * Open Source Business Alliance, sometimes known as OSB Alliance
 * Operation Smiling Buddha, code name for India's first successful test explosion of a nuclear bomb (1974)
 * Oberstabsbootsmann, the highest non-commissioned officer rank in the German Navy
 * Operation Sovereign Borders, Australian border security operation
 * Oracle Service Bus, a software communication system made by Oracle Inc.
 * Oregon State Bar, public body that regulates the legal profession in Oregon, United States
 * Oriented strand board, an engineered wood
 * Orquestra Sinfônica Brasileira, the Portuguese name of the Brazilian Symphony Orchestra

Christianity

 * Order of Saint Benedict, Catholic monastic order
 * Order of St Benedict (Anglican), Anglican monastic order
 * Order of Saint Benedict (Orthodox), Orthodox monastic order
 * Orthodox Study Bible, Eastern Orthodox Bible in English that includes the Septuagint

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: OSB


text:
Template:SupremeCourtDocket

[ -]

title: Template:SupremeCourtDocket


text: User:MFH/r

title: User:MFH/r


text: User talk:209.187.238.10

title: User talk:209.187.238.10


text: Talk:Ploughwright

title: Talk:Ploughwright


text:
Talk:Phenome

A request
Just a request, I've stumbled into this area by accident, and I'd like to do what I can to calm things down a bit. Could we not force the redirect for the time being, and have some further discussion? I don't have a sense as to whether the redirect is a good or bad idea, but this is approaching an edit war. Thoughts? -- Nuujinn (talk) 19:37, 1 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Sounds good to me. --Crusio (talk) 19:58, 1 May 2010 (UTC)

Keep, Redirect, or Convert
First of all, I've archived the prior discussion here, just for housecleaning purposes. There is a lot of good information in there, it's worth reading through.

Second, I'm not an expert in this topic--my prior field of study was philosophy of language and literary criticism, and I work in IT. So I'm very familiar with jargon.

In terms of defining the problem, I believe we have two basically independent issues to consider:
 * Is Phenome essentially a synonym of Phenotype?
 * Is Phenome in wide enough use to justify an article on it?

I note that User:Colonel Warden has made some edits, and found a reference that dates to 1949, so it is clear that the term has a long history. I also note that User:Crusio has made some compelling arguments in the archive that the term is essentially jargon, and really just a synonym of Phenotype. There's also a third related term, Phenomics, and from what I've read, it seems that there is justification for that article, if only for the reason that there are now centers and groups using that term in their titles.

I also think at this point we have three main options:

 * Redirect this page to phenotype
 * Maintain this page and improve it
 * Change this page to a disambiguation page linking to Phenotype and Phenomics

Given User:Colonel Warden's recent edit, my inclination is to maintain this page and improve it. What does everyone else think? -- Nuujinn (talk) 15:33, 2 May 2010 (UTC)

 * I am glad to see that several others feel the same way as I do about Crusio's redirect of the Word Phenome to Phenotype. As you can see from the archived discussion here, I spent a long time trying to reason with him on the point, but ran into a brick wall.  If you read the discussion, it will be clear why:
 * Phenome is NOT just a synonym of Phenotype.
 * The use of Phenome is indeed wide enough and different enouch to justify an article

I am glad to see that the page has been restored, but am a bit concerned that some of the original useful information on the page got deleted in the process. Anyway, I have no axe to grind, and hope that the more expert users will help restore more of the original useful information.--Pfjoseph (talk) 14:19, 9 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Well, I feel strong sympathy to his position as well. In terms of denotation, I think they are synonyms, but I also see that folks are trying to distinguish the two. My impression is that as a term, phenome is at this point just really jargon and not well defined, but will become more entrenched over time, and hopefully a clearer distinction will emerge. Such shifts are not unusual--I see the same issues with Bioinformatics as a term, for example. But in any case, whatever our opinions, it's the sources that count, so anything sourced is welcome. Feel free to bring material here to discuss additions, or be bold and put anything referenced in. -- Nuujinn (talk) 14:33, 9 May 2010 (UTC)

 * As an example for sources, a search of "Phenome NOT Phenomena" at Pubmed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed gives ~100 relevant citations in respected journals, beginning in 1998, and with many being added in recent times. It may have been "jargon" to begin with, but it is now in common usage, to mean something different from Phenotype. Some of these citation were in the original version, but were removed in the process of redirection and subsequent reversion--Pfjoseph (talk) 12:29, 14 May 2010 (UTC)

 * I agree it common usage, but I'm not at all sure it's well defined or all that distinct from Phenotype. But ultimately that doesn't matter, feel free to bring in additional sources or restore older ones if you think that will improve the article. -- Nuujinn (talk) 15:35, 14 May 2010 (UTC)

Accuracy

 * This article is still a mess. there is (not unsurprisingly, I think) no clear definition of phenome. As the set of all characteristics displayed by an organism is its phenotype, there's some overlap here. In addition, a phenotype is an "observable characteristic" and as such it is difficult to speak about the "phenotype" of a species... --Crusio (talk) 14:25, 10 March 2011 (UTC)

The systemic approach
I've seen, in the Talk page, there is a clear explanation of the difference between "phenome" and "phenotype" (by comparison with "genome" and "genotype"). What is missing here (and in the Phenome explanation!) is the underlying systemic approach in phenomics (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_biology; you'll see there references to "general systems theory"), meaning the view of an organism as a "dynamic system" (dynamic≈changing; sistem ≈a structural integrated "whole") entity which changes, modifies itself under the influence of the exterior factors in the scope of maintaining its internal stability (its "life"). Concerning the internal factors, don't forget a livig entity is, in fact, "a system of systems" where are the decreasing complexity levels: the medical systems (nervous, locomotor etc.) the organs (heart, liver, brain etc.) the organ components (cerebelum, etc) ... the cell ... the atoms ... The fundamental "bricks" of universe, and everyone of this sub-systemes, at its own level (biology, chemistry, physics), acts as a dynamic system!. As regards the relation between "phenome" and "phenotype", I think the "phenotype" is the static (at a certain point of time) expression of the "phenome". So, I think the page must be maintained and improved with the systemic approach.Gillcv (talk) 12:32, 3 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Phenotype is not necessarily static. There have been genetic analyses of phenotypes like changes during development (weight gain, for example). And, of course, a phenotype is the totality of observable characteristics of an organism. That obviously includes dynamic aspects. --Crusio (talk) 15:15, 3 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Let me be a little more explicit!
 * i/ See "The Genotype/Phenotype Distinction" at Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; "It is essential to distinguish the descriptors of the organism, its genotype and phenotype, from the material objects that are being described. The genotype is the descriptor of the genome which is the set of physical DNA molecules inherited from the organism's parents. The phenotype is the descriptor of the phenome, the manifest physical properties of the organism, its physiology, morphology and behavior" So this is a philosophycal (linguistic reflected) distinction between the "object" (phoneme) and its "description" (phenotype).
 * ii/ As regards the relationship between "structure" and "functionality" of an "object" and the  necessity to view this object as a dynamic system let the biologists speak;
 * a/ Wolkenhauer O (2001) Systems biology: The reincarnation of systems theory applied in biology? Brief Bioinform 2:258–270. "Systems biology is an emerging field of biological research that aims at a system-level understanding of genetic or metabolic pathways by investigating interrelationships (organisation or structure) and interactions (dynamics or behaviour) of genes, proteins and metabolites.""Genomics is the field of biological research taking us from the DNA sequence of a gene to a structure of the product for which it codes (usually a protein) to the activity of that protein and its function within a cell and, ultimately, the organism. Crossing several scale-layers from molecules to organisms, we find that organisms, cells, genes and proteins are defined as complex structures of interdependent and subordinate components whose relationships and properties are largely determined by their function in the whole. This definition coincides with the most general definition of a system as a set of components or objects and relations among them. Systems theory is then the study of organisation and behaviour per se and a natural conclusion is therefore to consider systems biology as the application of systems theory to genomics."
 * b/ Winther RG. Systemic darwinism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105:11833. [PMC free article] [PubMed]"A significant amount of 21st century research focuses on systems (e.g., genomic, cellular, organismic, and ecological/global). Systemic Darwinism is emerging in this context. It follows a ‘‘compositional paradigm’’ according to which complex systems and their hierarchical networks of parts are the focus of biological investigation. Through the investigation of systems, Systemic Darwinism promises to reintegrate each dimension of Darwin’s original logical space. Moreover, this ideally and potentially unified theory of biological ontology coordinates and integrates a plurality of mathematical biological theories (e.g., self-organization/structure, cladistics/history, and evolutionary genetics/function). Integrative Systemic Darwinism requires communal articulation from a plurality of perspectives. Although it is more general than these, it draws on previous advances in Systems Theory, Systems Biology, and Hierarchy Theory."
 * These are: i/ the "systemic approach" I am talking of, ii/ the "dynamism" of a phenome and iii/ the "static" characteristic of the phenotype.
 * Notes:

 * i/ The systemic approach is relatively new only in medicine. The system theory is well known in philosophy, cybernetics, automatics etc. since 1950s.

 * ii/ I strongly think this aspect must be presented in the description of the phenome.--Gillcv (talk) 10:41, 4 October 2011 (UTC)

Phenome as a specific area of study
Hello, I don't want to reignite what was obviously a very heated debate as to whether phenome was an individual "thing" or a synonym of phenotype, but I work for the MRC-NIHR National Phenome Centre which opened in 2013 and the question we most often get asked is "what is a phenome"? We have some descriptions which we use to explain to both expert and lay audiences and also our Director has published some articles on it explaining the use of a person's phenome as a useful tool in patient and population stratification. I am happy to have a go and edit the page, but do not want to do so if 1. people feel there is a conflict of interest here and 2. it will cause massive issues. Advice/comments gratefully received please. DancingBal (talk) 15:51, 13 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Personally, I think that "phenome" is a fashionable term (in this era of "omics") for something that doesn't exist or, at best, is an awkward synonym of phenotype. What people talking about "phenome" fail to understand is that "phenotype" is not necessarily univariate and may encompass many different characteristics of an individual and that if one would mean the collective phenotypes of groups of individuals or species, we already have terms like "norm of reaction" and such. But I start feeling like I'm fighting windmills here, as hardly anybody is interested in these old-fashioned notions (anything older than 10 years is outdated, right?) --Randykitty (talk) 20:12, 13 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your comments Randykitty. The way I think about phenome, I believe, takes into account the fact that phenotypes are not univariate. I use phenome in the way that each individual is affected by the interaction between their genes and their environment. This way we can use the study of the phenome to stratify patients or the population in to risk i.e. it gives us the ability to look at why when looking at two people with the same genetic mutation which increases risk for a type of cancer, only one may develop cancer. I believe the phenome, in the way I understand it, gives us the ability to begin to look at the interaction of this wider environment with the genes of a person. This is not a flight of fancy, there are a large number of studies now looking at the effect of nutrition on cancer patients as previously developments of new treatments have been hampered by unknown reasons why the same drug does not work as well in different people - one of the main causes which has not been investigated thus far but which is increasingly being recognised as a significant effect upon such treatments and trials, is the nutrition of the patients (the effects of which can start to be unraveled by understanding the phenome via the use of metabolite analysis techniques. Thus I believe that the closer study and understanding of the phenome is a significant next step in understanding disease and population risk and will help researchers understand why simply genotyping a patient will never be enough to give the whole story. DancingBal (talk) 10:38, 14 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, DancingBal, but your response just illustrates what I am trying to say. If your replace "phenome" in the above paragraph with "phenotype", the meaning would not change. In addition, I suspect that you actually are not interested in either phenome or phenotype at all, but in genotype*environment interactions and/or epigenetics. Nobody, as far as I know, has come up with a sensible definition of "phenome" or been able to explain how this concept differs from "phenotype". --Randykitty (talk) 06:26, 19 November 2014 (UTC)

 * Have to agree with Randkitty 100% here.

title: Talk:Phenome


text: Talk:Pater Omnipotens Aeterna Deus

title: Talk:Pater Omnipotens Aeterna Deus


text:
William Aikman (painter)

William Aikman (24 October 1682 – 7 June 1731) was a Scottish painter.

Life and career
Aikman was the son of William Aikman, of Cairney. His father intended that he should follow the law, and gave him an education suitable to these views; but the strong predilection of the son to the fine arts induced him to attach himself to painting alone. Poetry, painting, and music have, with justice, been called sister arts. Mr. Aikman was fond of poetry; and was particularly delighted with those unforced strains which, proceeding from the heart, are calculated to touch the congenial feelings of sympathetic minds. It was this propensity that attached him so warmly to Allan Ramsay, the Doric bard of Scotland. Though younger than Ramsay, Mr. Aikman, while at college, formed an intimate acquaintance with him, which constituted a principal part of his happiness at that time, and of which he always bore the tenderest recollection. It was the same delicate bias of mind which at a future period of his life attached him so warmly to Thomson, who then unknown, and unprotected, stood in need of, and obtained the warmest patronage of Aikman; who perhaps considered it as one of the most fortunate occurrences in his life that he had it in his power to introduce this young poet of nature to Sir Robert Walpole, who wished to be reckoned the patron of genius, and to Arbuthnot, Swift, Pope, Gay, and the other beaux esprits of that brilliant period. Thomson could never forget this kindness; and when he had the misfortune, too soon, to lose this warm friend and kind protector, he bewailed the loss in strains distinguished by justness of thought, and genuine pathos of expression.

Mr. Aikman, having pursued his studies for some time in Britain, found that to complete them it would be necessary to go into Italy, to form his taste on the fine models of antiquity, which there alone can be found in abundance. And as he perceived that the profession he was to follow, could not permit him to manage properly his paternal estate, situated in a remote place near Arbroath-in the county of Forfar in Scotland, he thought proper to sell it, and settle all family claims upon him, that he might be at full liberty to pursue his studies. In 1707, he went to Italy, and having resided chiefly at Rome for three years, and taken instructions from, and formed an acquaintance with the principal artists of that period, he chose to gratify his curiosity by travelling into Turkey. He went first to Istanbul (then known as Constantinople), and from thence to Smyrna. There he became acquainted with all the British gentlemen of the factory; who wished him to forsake the pencil, and to join them in the Turkey trade: but, that scheme not taking place, he went once more to Rome, and pursued his former studies there, till 1712, when he returned to his native country: he now followed his profession of painting for sometime, applauded by the discerning few; though the public, too poor at that period to be able to purchase valuable pictures, were unable to give adequate encouragement to his superior merit John Duke of Argyll, who equally admired the artist and esteemed the man, regretting that such talents should be lost, at length prevailed on Mr. Aikman to move with all his family to London, in 1723, thinking this the only theatre in Britain where his talents could be properly displayed. Under the auspices of this nobleman, he formed habits of intimacy with the first artists, particularly with Sir Godfrey Kneller, whose studies and dispositions of mind were very congenial to his own.

In this society he soon became known to and patronized by people of the first rank, and was in names or intimacy with many of them; particularly the Earl of Burlington, so well known for his taste in the fine arts, especially architecture. For him he painted, among others, a large picture of the royal family of England: in the middle compartment are all the younger branches of the family on a very large canvas, and on one hand above the door a half length of her majesty Queen Caroline; the picture of the king was intended to fill the niche opposite to it, but Mr. Aikman's death happening before it was begun, the place for it is left blank. This picture came into the possession of the Duke of Devonshire, whose father married Lady Mary Boyle, daughter and only child to the Earl of Burlington.

Aikman had a personal library of some significance in which he used an engraved armorial bookplate.

Towards the close of his life, he painted many other pictures of people of the first rank and fashion in England. At Blickling in Norfolk, the seat of Hobart Earl of Buckinghamshire, are a great many full-length pictures by Mr. Aikman; of noblemen, gentlemen, and ladies, relations and friends of the earl. These, with the royal family above named, were his last works; and but a few of the number he painted in London. He died on 7 June 1731.

Art
In his style of painting, Mr. Aikman seems to have aimed at imitating nature in her pleasing simplicity: his lights are soft, his shades mellow, and his colouring mild and harmonious. His touches have neither the force nor harshness of Rubens; nor does he seem, like Reynolds, ever to have aimed at adorning his portraits with the elegance of adventitious graces. His mind, tranquil and serene, delighted rather to wander with Thomson in the enchanting fields of Tempe, than to burst, with Michelangelo, into the ruder scenes of the terrible and the sublime. His compositions are distinguished by a placid tranquility and ease rather than a striking brilliancy of effect: and his portraits may be more readily mistaken for those of Kneller than any other eminent artist; not only because of the general resemblance in the dresses, which were those of the times, they being contemporaries, but also for the manner of working, and the similarity and bland mellowness of their tints.

Several portraits painted by Mr. Aikman in Scotland have been in the possession of the Duke of Argyll, the Duke of Hamilton, and others. There has also been a portrait of Aikman in the gallery of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, painted by himself; and another of the same in the possession of his daughter, Mrs. Forbes, in Edinburgh, whose only son represented the family of Aikman.

title: William Aikman (painter)


text:
Troy & Schenectady Railroad

The Troy & Schenectady Railroad was incorporated May 21, 1836. The stock was divided into five hundred shares at one hundred dollars each. The building of the road began in 1841, and trains began running from Schenectady to Troy, New York in the fall of 1841 (21.0 miles). It was constructed by the city of Troy, the corporation issuing its bonds in the amount of $649,142. Consolidated into the New York Central Railroad under the act of 1853.

Regular service along this railroad ended in 1965, and the former track bed has recently been converted into the Mohawk Hudson Bike/Hike Trail.

title: Troy & Schenectady Railroad


text:
Talk:Los Temerarios

Fair use rationale for Image:TemerariosTesoros.jpg
Image:TemerariosTesoros.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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Merge
Any objections to merging this article?--Farbotron (talk) 01:29, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

Actualización de la Biografía
OTRS pending

Fjosediaz30 (talk) 19:54, 31 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Based off of my own search and the VRT note below, I'm going to boldly template link the above template since there is no further action to take. There seems to be no action to take on VRT's end at this point; no permission has been received and the allegedly copyvio material has been revdel'd. —  Red-tailed hawk (nest) 03:53, 19 November 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 13:07, 25 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Los Temerarios - Me Partiste el Corazón.jpg

Copyright Text
relates to image release. Permission for text has not been provided. Last contact was in September, and the user has not yet responded to a request for further information. --Jack Frost (talk) 12:23, 15 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Los Temerarios


text:
Talk:3DMark

Disclosure
I am editing this article as a Futuremark employee. I am happy to discuss any issues, questions, changes or suggestions for the article with admins and other users. Tripleblade (talk) 14:11, 24 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Awesome. I just read this article and it mentions Android OS as well as iOS. So how come this article does not mention OpenGL ES? Are you paid by Microsoft to advertise their stuff or are you just not interested in documenting better what 3DMark supports and what not? User:ScotXW t@lk 21:24, 4 June 2014 (UTC)

Just video cards?
The article suggests that 3dmark is used solely to evaluate video cards. In fact, the 3dmark score you get is an overall value of the whole system - when a new 3dmark comes out (eg 06) the video card tends to be the bottleneck, and therefore the dominant factor, but the idea is always to get a score that represents the system as a whole. Anyone care to correct this or prove me wrong? 16:05, 21 July 2006 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.168.67.226 (talk) 16:06, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

 * At least one of the 3D marks included a CPU benchmark (i.e. a software-rendering graphics demo), which supports that hypothesis --118.90.97.86 (talk) 08:44, 22 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Nope. Another product - PCMark - is used for fuller evaluation of the complete PC performance. Also, disk storage seems to be the bottleneck these days (2014 onward). Naki (talk) 18:18, 4 June 2016 (UTC)

Claims of boosterism by card manufacturers
''Some makers of 3D video cards also shiped their cards with custor drivers that detected if a test was in progress and ignored some operations to make the test report higher numbers. This ofcourse led to larger drivers and that the cards were actually slower for most usage.''

 * I've moved the paragraph above here until it can be verified and a source cited. As of now, it's too vague.  Specifically, which video card manufacturers and models attempted to inflate benchmark stats?  Which tests were being manipulated?  If possible, always cite an external source when making a controversial statement.  —RaD Man (talk) 17:21, 8 April 2005 (UTC)

Google is your friend: — Preceding unsigned comment added by Liftarn (talk • contribs) 13:05, 11 April 2005 (UTC)
 * Driver Irregularities May Inflate nVidia Benchmarks
 * Is nVidia cheating on benchmarks?
 * Futuremark confirms nVidia is cheating in benchmark
 * Optimizing or Cheating Radeon 8500 Drivers

Merging
There is also an article called 3dmark. // Liftarn — Preceding undated comment added 12:58, 11 April 2005 (UTC)
 * There was also one called 3dMark, which now links here — Preceding unsigned comment added by TheHorseCollector (talk • contribs) 20:01, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

old versions
do older versions still have a use, or should you ONLY use the new ones? The old ones now redundant? I don't know JayKeaton 20:01, 13 September 2006 (UTC)
 * You can use older versions to test older hardware, i.e. older video cards. Naki (talk) 13:29, 21 May 2016 (UTC)

Redirection
Should I make things like 3DMark06 redirect to this article? If someone wonders what 3DMark05 is and they type it in, they might not think to type in just 3DMark. Geekosaurus 22:04, 19 September 2006 (UTC)
 * It makes sense, and there is no harm in doing so either. Peteb16 22:11, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

3DMark Performance Evaluation/Old Versions
Two previous topics mentioned here are 3DMark performance and using old versions. First, 3DMark does evaluate more than just the video card performance. At one point during the benchmarks, 3DMark synthesizes 3D video performance by using the CPU to perform the 3D tasks. When this test is performed, there is no variation in the frame rate value. Adam Kemp 01:10, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

 * In 3DMark03 and 3DMark05, the CPU tests perform the vertex shading on the CPU; the rest of the 3D rendering is performed by the graphics card. In 3DMark06, all of the rendering is done by the graphics card.  No version of 3DMark does all of the graphics work on the CPU. (Neeyik 23:41, 22 March 2007 (UTC))

Second, there was a question as to whether older versions of 3DMark should be used for video testing. The answer is yes, as each version is tailored to evaluate a certain version of DirectX. It is a good idea to match the version of 3DMark with the approximate age or generation of the video GPU. After all, many gamers prefer using many different benchmarking programs to give them an idea of the performance of their video card. Adam Kemp 01:10, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Specifically, 3DMark2001 is useful for evaluating DX7 and early DX8 GPUs; 3DMark03 for DX8, DX8.1 and early DX9 GPUs. 3DMark05 is for DX9 (SM2.0 only), whereas 3DMark06 is DX9 (SM2.0 and SM3.0) (Neeyik 23:41, 22 March 2007 (UTC))
 * What about DirectX 10, 11, and 12?? Naki (talk) 21:23, 30 June 2016 (UTC)
 * To partially answer to myself - in July 2016, more exactly July 14th 2016, Time Spy test was added, as an extra test/optional DLC. It tests DirectX 12, and as such requires at least Windows 10. Naki (talk) 21:02, 17 July 2016 (UTC)

Criticism
No Vantage criticism over the fact that the PhysX test is not done in a fair manor and boosts the scores unfairly?

Em27 (talk) 16:30, 23 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Certainly not without a very good reference (i.e. not just forum chatter, someone of authority who has demonstrated it and published the results). If you can find such a reference, by all means add it in. Halsteadk (talk) 19:21, 23 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Well, there is this article, Is Nvidia cheating on Futuremark's 3DMark Vantage?. The thing is that it's not showing how the GPU does two separate tests, but how the CPU test is "helped" by the GPU through PhysX acceleration. Related to this there is the official word of Futuremark on the Approval Condition(s) of drivers and a list of nvidia drivers that enable the uses to cheat, but this isn't really a criticism, since they took measures to prevent users from getting their sores certified, i.e manually turning off physx. I don't know how to classify this since they took measures, if it's worth anything. I'll still look for the actual "cheat"...
 * Em27 (talk) 02:23, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

Scores
It would be nice to have a section with a scale of scores achieved with some well known, reference hardware. http://techfragments.com/news/313/Hardware/AMD_Phenom_II_Overclocked_to_6-5GHz.html this video shows 3DMark05 reaching a score of 45,474 in some very extreme conditions, so I am sure it's impressive ;) however there is no comparison points given in the wikipedia article. AugustinMa (talk) 01:58, 22 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Wouldn't that be to much of a hassle? HW changes every 6 months so scores posted here would have ti be constantly updated. It's easier to post to the official halls pages where certified scores are actually used.
 * Em27 (talk) 02:25, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

More on Scores
The article does not seem to provide the most basic fact about scores - is bigger better or worse. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.10.137.188 (talk) 19:34, 12 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Bigger score means better. Naki (talk) 15:11, 9 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Added this to the introduction section alongside a note that scores cannot be compared across versions. Tripleblade (talk) 09:55, 23 March 2011 (UTC)

3DMark 11 Compatibility
"3DMark 11 will install on a system with a DirectX10.1 (or lower) card, but will not run when you try it (shows an error message that DirectX 11 compatible hardware is required)." Is this statement really necessary? The minimum specs listed on Futuremark website state "3DMark 11 requires DirectX 11, a DirectX 11 compatible video card, and Windows Vista or Windows 7." Is it likely that a reader would expect it to work outside those requirements, i.e. on a system with DirectX10 or lower? Tripleblade (talk) 13:59, 24 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Sorry, it was me being too much detailed here. :) Not necessary, of course. Naki (talk) 10:29, 8 August 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on 3DMark. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20110930170119/http://www.futuremark.com/pressroom/pressreleases/20394/ to http://www.futuremark.com/pressroom/pressreleases/20394/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 13:36, 17 October 2015 (UTC)

File Sizes for each Major Revision
Filesizes should be included. The compressed file size for the 2013 version with fire strike is 1.5 gb. The 2016 version appears to be around 5 gb (verification needed)--Lmstearn (talk) 14:03, 30 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes, good idea - please add this back. It used to be there before, seems it was removed at some point. Naki (talk) 10:12, 8 August 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:3DMark


text:
Talk:Portmanteau (suitcase)

Porte-manteau
The word is still very common in french. You could probably write a mention about that. There is no portmanteau word in french but it is obvious that the english portmanteau comes from that spelling A french reader, in Paris —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.242.1.83 (talk) 07:56, 3 October 2009 (UTC)

Soft redirected to Wiktionary
Since this page was transwiki'd, and since the content was dictionary-like, I have replaced it with a soft redirect to portmanteau. I also added the Australian usage that was noted here to that page. Cnilep (talk) 06:35, 23 February 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Portmanteau (suitcase)


text:
Category:Airlines of Antigua and Barbuda

of in the Caribbean.


text:
User talk:Drngogo

Welcome!

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Happy editing! Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:22, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:A380_Testing_1.jpg
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Image:Evergreen Point Floating Bridge.jpg
This image appears to have been taken from here. Please don't copy images from the web without permission.Geni 21:07, 18 November 2008 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Okta Inc
Hello Drngogo,

I wanted to let you know that I just tagged Okta Inc for deletion, because the article doesn't clearly say why the subject is important enough to be included in an encyclopedia.

If you feel that the article shouldn't be deleted and want more time to work on it, you can contest this deletion, but please don't remove the speedy deletion tag from the top.

You can leave a note on my talk page if you have questions.

Mduvekot (talk) 01:58, 9 February 2017 (UTC)

Kim Hae-nam
Hi there, I saw that you added some death information and photo to Kim Hae-nam's article. Per WP:BLP, this information needs to have a source, so I was wondering if you might have an obituary or anything else that confirms this? You can also get in touch with the Olympedia team via the contact form to submit information if you'd like. Thanks, Connormah (talk) 14:53, 28 July 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Drngogo


text:
Furness line

The Furness line is a British railway between Barrow-in-Furness and Lancaster, joining the West Coast Main Line at Carnforth. A predominantly passenger line, it serves various towns along the Furness coast, including Barrow-in-Furness, Ulverston and Grange-over-Sands. It runs through Cumbria and Lancashire.

Regional services on the line start from Manchester Airport and Preston, while local services start from Preston and Lancaster. The majority of services along the line terminate at Barrow-in-Furness, however some services continue along the Cumbrian Coast Line to Millom, Sellafield and Carlisle. The line was constructed by the Ulverston and Lancaster Railway and the Furness Railway between 1846 and 1857, and today has services operated by Northern.

Along with the Cumbrian Coast Line, the route is considered one of the most scenic in England. The line was designated a community rail partnership by the Department for Transport in 2012. The line is electrified between Lancaster and Carnforth where the route leaves the West Coast Main Line, which previously allowing for sleeper services between Barrow and London Euston.

History
The line was opened in stages between 1846 and 1857 to link the mineral industries in the area. The area was very isolated before the railway opened, with the only road crossing to reach the area over Morecambe Bay. The Furness Railway was first proposed in November 1843, linking the slate quarries of Kirkby in Furness and iron ore in the Lindal in Furness area to a deep water berth at Roa Island. It was originally intended to be used solely as a mineral railway, however provisions were made for a branch to Barrow and a link to Ulverston, the largest local town at the time.

The line slowly expanded to link up with what is today the Cumbrian Coast Line, in addition to an extension to Ulverston in 1854. In 1857, the Ulverston and Lancaster Railway completed its route, linking to the Carlisle and Lancaster Railway. The line eventually began to expand, purchasing the Whitehaven and Furness Junction Railway. The railway company eventually refused to purchase the Whitehaven Junction railway, leading to a situation where the Furness Railway was heavily influenced by the London and North Western Railway.

The line continued to develop in the 1880s, especially in the Barrow area. A through station was constructed, removing the need to reverse as was the case at the Strand terminus. A passenger station had been opened at Ramsden Dock a year before to connect with the new Isle of Man and later Belfast steamer services.

Early twentieth century
In the early 20th century, passenger numbers had continued to decline. As a result, an effort was made to modernise the line as a tourist railway, linking the country to the Lake District. This began a new era for the area, bringing thousands of tourists to Coniston and Windermere.

Under the Big Four, the line was brought under the control of the London, Midland & Scottish Railway on 31 December 1922. The Roa Island branch was closed in 1936, however the rest of the network remained open until the formation of British Railways. The Coniston branch closed in 1962 and the Lakeside branch in 1965, with part of the route being preserved as the Lakeside and Haverthwaite Railway. Sleeper services to London Euston ceased in 1990.

Modern era
Following the privatisation of British Rail in the 1990s, services were initially transferred to First North Western. First TransPennine Express took over the operation of regional express services to Manchester and Preston in 2004, while local services were transferred to Northern Rail.

Class 37 locomotives hauling Mark 2 carriages were used on the line between May 2015 and May 2018, operating through services along the Cumbrian Coast line due to a shortage in rolling stock following the move of Class 170 'Turbostar' units to Chiltern Railways. The change was controversial locally as the trains were old, and unreliable. Class 68 locomotives were introduced onto services temporarily in January 2018, until through running of loco-hauled stock ended in May 2018.

In April 2016, operation of all services on the line was transferred to Arriva Rail North, with regional and local services again operated by the same train operating company. Services were operated using a variety of Sprinter diesel multiple units and Class 185 'Desiro' units subleased from TransPennine Express until July 2019. In July 2019, new Class 195 'Civity' units were introduced as part of the new franchise, with an increased number of services to Manchester.

Services
Following a recasting of rail franchises in the North of England by the Department for Transport, all services on the line are now operated by Northern. Regional services to Manchester and Preston were previously operated by First TransPennine Express until 31 March 2016, and TransPennine Express Class 185s used by the previous franchise were used on some services to Manchester Airport by Northern.

The line received a modernised timetable in May 2018, with additional services to Manchester Airport introduced from July 2019. The service is unusual amongst those on the West Coast Main Line as it does not yet have a clockface timetable. This means that there are several gaps in the service, varying between 30 and 90 minutes. The new timetable was criticised by local schools due to the introduction of earlier services between Barrow and Ulverston.

Future
Following a recasting of rail franchises in the North of England by the Department for Transport, all services on the line were transferred to Northern in April 2015. Services previously operated by First TransPennine Express will be operated by new  'Northern Connect' services from December 2019, enhancing the previous service with 11 trains per day to Manchester Airport. The enhanced service will use new, air-conditioned Class 195 'Civity' units and offer free onboard WiFi and faster journey times.

In addition to the introduction of Northern Connect services, an enhanced local service will also be introduced with 21 trains per day (tpd) in both directions, compared to between 18-20 tpd today. Additional services are to be extended from Lancaster to Preston to allow better links to Manchester, Liverpool and other West Coast Main Line services. On Sundays, an enhanced service is planned with up to 5-8 extra trains per day in each direction to both Lancaster and Manchester Airport.

It is also intended to refurbish all stations served by Northern Connect services. These refreshed stations will provide higher standards with free WiFi and modern facilities.

title: Furness line


text:
Talk:Dream Street

Untitled
Shouldn't this one be separated into two articles since they have nothing to do with each other? Alensha 17:23, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The tone of this article is definitely very informal. Could somebody familiar with the group fix it up a bit? Dozla 21:17, 15 Jul 2008

Unsourced ridiculousness
"In early 2002, the band went through a hard time in which they sued their managers. It is rumored that Baldonieri and Lukow mailed porn to the boys houses and tried to get them to have sex with random girls. Also, the managers made drugs and alcohol easily accessible to the underage teens. At first all of the boys were suing the managers, but Trousdale later decided to stay with the managers, resulting in a feud with the other boys. The boys didn't really hide their disagreement with his decision back in 2002. At the end of the lawsuit, the managers and Trousdale won."

I suppose this could in some way be reasonable, but I removed it until it gets sourced. 66.162.196.117 (talk) 16:13, 25 July 2008 (UTC)

Well, since some of it is easily sourced (or at least, it's possible to see the relationship between the claim and the sourced material) let's break it up and see what we can find. Here's a start:

Sources: BILLBOARD: http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1472313

 * "In early 2002, the band went through a hard time in which they sued their managers."
 * BILLBOARD, 1st para, except that it was the parents of the band members rather than the band members themselves.

 * "It is rumored that Baldonieri and Lukow mailed porn to the boys houses ..."
 * Perhaps this is a distortion of BILLBOARD, 4th para, where porn was allegedly e-mailed to the boys (by a band investor who was not Baldonieri/Lukow)

 * "... and tried to get them to have sex with random girls."
 * BILLBOARD, 4th para

 * "Also, the managers made drugs and alcohol easily accessible to the underage teens."
 * The alcohol part: BILLBOARD, 4th para

 * "At first all of the boys were suing the managers ..."

 * "... but Trousdale later decided to stay with the managers ..."

 * "... resulting in a feud with the other boys."

 * "... The boys didn't really hide their disagreement with his decision back in 2002."

 * "... At the end of the lawsuit, the managers and Trousdale won."

Also, I wonder if the information from this second Billboard article should be incorporated. It's not clear whether the "new" Dream Street ever came together or how far it went but surely it's part of the complete story. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.78.13.238 (talk) 19:50, 27 November 2008 (UTC)

Aftermath of Dream Street.
I understand that they broke up but what are they doing in there solo life? That part would be worth expanding. Johnnyauau2000 (talk) 03:05, 24 February 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dream Street


text:
Talk:Monsoon

No discussion of its effect on the Horn of Africa
(A note to future editors if I fail to get back here to fix this.) One oversight here is the important effect the Monsoon over the Arabian Sea has on the Ethiopian highlands: in effect, it creates a Winter season there from around March to October! (IIRC, the locals actually do name this rainy season as "Winter".) Robbing the Highlands of the tropical summer gives this land an unexpected temperate climate, which has led some early travellers to consider Ethiopia a rich & fertile land. One last effect is that the water these Monsoon winds bring to Ethiopia are collected by the Nile, & lead to the river's famous flood stage in the middle of summer -- a phenomena that mystified the ancient Greeks, & led to much speculation on their part. -- llywrch (talk) 21:52, 22 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I made this suggestion over 12 years ago, & still no one has acted on it. (I had forgotten I made this suggestion, & came here to suggest it again.) Would it encourage anyone to mention that this Monsoon not only permitted trade between Asia & the East coast of Africa across the open seas of Indian Ocean, but allowed people speaking a language related to the Polynesian languages to reach Madagascar & settle there? -- llywrch (talk) 17:52, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

Error in Article: Origin of Word Monsoon
The article states that "The term was first used in English in British India and neighbouring countries to refer to the big seasonal winds blowing from the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea in the southwest bringing heavy rainfall to the area." In fact, the term Monsoon, or variants thereof, occur far earlier. In Jan Linschoten's Itinerario, for instance (1595). I created an acct so that I could add a note to that effect but am not able to edit because this article is semi-protected. Here's a passage:

"They sayle from thence into India but once every year, in the month of August till half September, because that throughout [the whole countries of] India they must sayle with Monssoyns, that is, with the tides of the year, which they name by the windes, which blow certaine monthes in the yeare, whereby they make their account to goe and come from the one place to the other, and the time that men may commonly sayle betweene Mossambique and India, is 30. dayes little more or lesse, and then they stay in India till the month of Aprill, when the wiude or Monssoyn2 commeth againe [to serve them] for Mossambique, so that every yeare once, there *goeth and commeth one shippe for the Captaine that carrieth and bringeth his marchandise...."

This is from Jan Huygen van Linschoten, The Voyage of John Huyghen Van Linschoten to the East Indies: From the Old English Translation of 1598: the First Book, Containing His Description of the East Vol 1, Edited by Pieter Anton Tiele, and Arthur Coke Burnell (London: Hakluyt Society, 1885 [original English is 1597 original Dutch is 1595]), p. 33. — Preceding unsigned comment added by MonsoonAsia (talk • contribs) 13:59, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 18 January 2021
months from which monsoon start in India 2405:201:4016:6811:C0BB:62A2:E8E1:EDBE (talk) 14:50, 18 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate.  EN  - Jungwon  16:28, 18 January 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 September 2021
Please change "The English monsoon came from Portuguese monção, ultimately from Arabic mawsim (موسم "season"), "perhaps partly via early modern Dutch monson." "

To:

The old, colloquial Cantonese phrase for huge rainstorms in Southern China is 'mun-seoi', which literally translates to full of water. Monsoon is likely a British phonetic translation of 'mun-seoi'. 滿 (mun) http://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/dictionary/characters/2454/ 水 (seoi) http://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/dictionary/characters/28/ Bluewhale09 (talk) 04:24, 11 September 2021 (UTC)

Thunder storm
A thunder storm 136.158.37.131 (talk) 01:56, 25 May 2022 (UTC)

Science
Which is influenced by the Northeast monsoon? 49.148.58.216 (talk) 13:29, 25 May 2022 (UTC)

Monsoon cycle
What is monsoon 2409:4055:311:E3E:B18:45CF:5825:DDD1 (talk) 06:36, 7 July 2022 (UTC)

South west monsoon
Hgfuv 27.4.253.201 (talk) 14:29, 7 November 2022 (UTC)

metal gear monsoon
what about the monsoon form the metal gear games? 173.90.119.124 (talk) 23:56, 17 January 2023 (UTC)

Monsoons
A monsoon is a seasonal change in prevailing, or strongest, winds of a region. Monsoons cause wet and dry seasons in most of the tropics. Monsoons are mostly often associated with the Indian Ocean. Monsoons always blow cold to warm regions. 2600:8800:243F:FA00:2B46:5E1C:FC38:A904 (talk) 02:38, 9 January 2024 (UTC)

Science
Define Eastern and Western Monsoon 49.146.226.16 (talk) 21:03, 11 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Monsoon


text: Talk:Commercial model

title: Talk:Commercial model


text:
Rock music in Belarus

Belarusian rock has been developing since the early 1980s. The rock bands include Mroja (later renamed to N.R.M.), Ulis, Daj Darogu!, Kriwi, Lyapis Trubetskoy, Verasy, Open Space, Neuro Dubel, Accent, and Otrazhenie.

Metal bands are Asguard and TT-34. Basovišča was a Belarusian rock music festival organized in Gródek, Poland. Other festivals in the field were "Be Free" and "Rock-kola".

Censorship
There is another side to Belarusian music life which is censorship. Researchers Maya Medich and Lemez Lovas reported in 2006 that "independent music-making in Belarus today is an increasingly difficult and risky enterprise", and that the Belarusian government "puts pressure on ‘unofficial’ musicians - including ‘banning’ from official media and imposing severe restrictions on live performance." In a video interview on the Freemuse website, the two authors explain the mechanisms of censorship in Belarus.

Another black list became known in 2011, when Krama, Krambambula, Lyapis Trubetskoy, N.R.M., Naka, Palats, Neuro Dubel among others were banned from performing concerts in Belarus.

Notable festivals

 * Basovišča (held in Poland)
 * Be Free (held in Ukraine)
 * Rock-kola
 * Slavianski Bazaar in Vitebsk

Notable bands

Alternative rock:
 * N.R.M.
 * Termin X
 * Weesp
 * Zolki Band

Black metal:
 * Infestum

Christian rock:
 * Spasenie

Death metal:
 * Asguard

Doom metal:
 * Reido

Folk rock:
 * Krambambula
 * Kriwi

Folk rock VIA:
 * Pesniary
 * Syabry

Folk metal:
 * Evoking Winds
 * Evoking Winds

Hard rock/Heavy metal:
 * Otrazhenie

Indie rock:
 * Bi-2
 * Bristeil
 * Jitters
 * Hair Peace Salon
 * Martin S.

Pop rock:
 * beZ bileta
 * Open Space

Post-metal:
 * Nebulae Come Sweet

Punk rock:
 * Daj Darogu!
 * Brutto
 * Lyapis Trubetskoy
 * Messed Up
 * Mister X
 * Neuro Dubel

Rapcore:
 * TT-34

title: Rock music in Belarus


text:
Talk:Croquis

Removed Link to Commercial Website
I removed an "External Link" to a website that sells apparel. I was unable to find anything that would indicate this link was appropriate here.

This is what I've always known as "gesture" sketch
The definition on this page is what I've always heard termed as a "gesture" drawing, in figure drawing and in fashion sketching classes. I'm a fashion student right now, and when my teachers talk about croquis, it's always a fully developed figure, generally unclothed. These figures are then traced and clothing is added to them, the naked figure stored for future reference so that designers don't have to draw out the same pose over and over. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Meichigo (talk • contribs) 08:25, 5 February 2007 (UTC).

This is gesture drawing as the other person said. Croquis are simply fashion drawings...the emphasis is on the clothing not the model. 71.202.168.170 (talk) 18:11, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Croquis


text:
User talk:MadCopyEditor

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello MadCopyEditor! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is an  Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. Please note that all biographies of living persons must be sourced. If you were to add reliable, secondary sources to this article, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 18:08, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) David M. Cameron -

Nomination of David M. Cameron for deletion
The article David M. Cameron is being discussed concerning whether it is suitable for inclusion as an article according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/David M. Cameron until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Gigs (talk) 15:35, 23 February 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:MadCopyEditor


text:
Talk:Endothecium

The former content of this page has been transferred to the Dehiscence (botany) page. Nadiatalent (talk) 21:44, 6 February 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Endothecium


text:
International Dance Council

The International Dance Council (CID, standing for French: Conseil International de la Danse) is the umbrella organization for all forms of dance in the world. It is a non-profit international non-governmental organization founded in 1973 "under the auspices of UNESCO as a forum for the exchange of ideas and developments in dance". It is based in Paris within the UNESCO headquarters. CID advises the UNESCO, national and local governments, international organizations and institutions. Among its major programs are:

 * International Dance Day
 * Global Dance Directory
 * International Certification of Dance Studies
 * World Congress on Dance Research

It is open for membership to organizations (federations, dance schools, dance companies, festivals, competitions) as well as individuals with sufficient credentials. It has more than 10,000 members in over 170 countries.

title: International Dance Council


text:
Talk:Faggot (unit)

Move?

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Move. Jafeluv (talk) 08:20, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

Faggot (volume) → — User:Lightmouse 18:59, 27 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Comment why did you move it in 2008, in the first place? 76.66.193.119 (talk) 03:44, 28 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Titles for unit articles were, and still are, inconsistent with respect to words in parentheses. My main concern is to make them consistent. At that time, it seemed to me that it would help the reader to be specific and say that it is a volume unit. So I went through a lot of articles and used the most specific word. I've only just come back to the issue and I see now that the general view is now that the title should only provide enough information to disambiguate. This principle will be applied across many units. The word 'unit' seems to have been chosen as the standard term for disambiguation. I hope that helps. Lightmouse (talk) 11:06, 29 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Support seems to be the default disambiguator. 76.66.193.119 (talk) 03:44, 28 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Support as proposer. Lightmouse (talk) 11:06, 29 July 2010 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Connection to the slang term "faggot"
I hate to be the one, but... the connection is obvious and undeniably existent. There should be at least a link to the Wiki page for the slang term, if not even a paragraph explaining the connection. 31.16.189.247 (talk) 18:56, 24 September 2013 (UTC)

 * Please read the German version of this article. There the connection to the slam expression is explained very well. Miyska (talk) 21:48, 15 November 2019 (UTC)

Uh...
"It is the equivalent in rotational force (screwing) in inches (in.) per asymptote hole (a-hole) to being Tyson."

Blatant vandalism? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Swedra (talk • contribs) 16:53, 28 June 2015 (UTC)

EDIT/ADD: I mean "... (screwing) ... (in.) ... (a-hole) ..." Sounds to me that someone is just angry at some Tyson guy (Probably Mike Tyson?) Swedra (talk) 16:56, 28 June 2015 (UTC)

rm factoid from Cardarelli
I removed the claim referenced to Cardarelli's book that there was a US measure called a "faggot", equal to 3/pi cu. ft., because this is simply the same as the historical unit described higher up. If a bundle has length 3' and circumference 2' then its volume is 3/pi cu. ft. Note that Cardarelli does not make a textual claim that the US unit was defined this way, he simply produces 3/pi as the conversion factor in a table of "US units of firewood". (This includes "cu. ft.", and it can hardly be regarded as evidence for the separate existence of a US unit "cu. ft.") Imaginatorium (talk) 19:44, 1 December 2015 (UTC)

various spellings
So we really need all of the Middle English spellings of "faggot" and "kidd"? Any term that predates spelling standardization had multiple spellings. Meters (talk) 20:59, 1 December 2015 (UTC)

link to cord
can a link be put here: Cord_(unit) as it seems to be locked I cannot do it easily. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.95.7.47 (talk) 22:53, 11 March 2017 (UTC)

 * A link has been added. --MtPenguinMonster (talk) 14:32, 21 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Faggot (unit)


text:
Talk:Globus cruciger

Closed deletion listing
This article was listed for deletion on 9 April, 2005. The discussion was closed with the result of merge and redirect to byzantine art. This article will not be deleted. You can view the discussion, which is no longer live: Votes_for_deletion/Globus cruciger. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 19:37, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

dark ages
Dark Ages should almost never be used in history articles, it's pretty much a political term. Also "ignorant" could be seen as a pejorative term. Ill add some more context. Stbalbach 05:32, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah yes, I agree, I'm just in the middle of trying to make it sound better. Slight changes... --Dmcdevit 05:41, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * How's my reword? --Dmcdevit 05:46, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Looks good, this will take on a new life, thanks for your help. Funny timeing as I just read about it earlier tonight in the Dictionary of Middle Ages and came here and saw it just recently deleted. Its very illustrative of the way Christian culture is literally and figuratively built on top of pagan culture. Would be nice to have a real picture but dont see anything off hand thats PD. Stbalbach 05:56, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

about the pics
I recently found the Image:Heinrich III. (HRR) Miniatur.jpg, as well as the closeup. So now we have the four to choose from. I'll leave it up to your discretion, but I just wanted to let you know. (Though certainly it's helpful to have that close-up, and that's why I put it in already). --Dmcdevit 23:59, 18 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah Ive since run into a bunch as well, they seem to be everywhere once you start looking. The closeup is the most illustrative and crucial. If we want to create a gallery but I think people get the idea. It will depend if it gets competitive with editors to put up favorite pics, then we need a gallery, as the article is too short to hold more than two pics comfortably without overstacking problems. Im ok with how it is now. Stbalbach 02:14, 19 May 2005 (UTC)

Yes, if you include a gallery, I would suggest the inclusion of this painting; http://diglib.library.vanderbilt.edu/diglib-viewimage.pl?SID=2013031389843750&code=&RC=47430&Row=&code=act&return=act Regards, 96.19.147.40 (talk) 21:25, 13 March 2013 (UTC)Ronald L. Hughes

Images
This is a small article there really is only room for 2 good pictures otherwise the text is overcrowded and disjointed. The Danish GC is by far the most visually instructive, the English queen picture is beautiful and improves the esthetic value of the article. There are tons of GC pictures that could be added here so I have started a gallery. Stbalbach 14:52, 27 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with you on the limited number, but I think the Elizabeth picture does not show clearly the g.c., so I am going to swap it with the coin.--Panairjdde 15:21, 27 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Ill be honest, there are pictures of GC's, on Wikipedia allready uploaded, that much better than the coin picture. Is there a reason this particular picture is a personal favorite? The Queen picture really is esthetically much prettier, plus it demonstrates relevance to modern times, and not just some obscure 2 dimensional single color old coin. Stbalbach 15:42, 27 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I have no preference for that particular coin. But the use of GC in modern times is already stated by the Danish GC, while the obscure [...] single color old coin demonstrates and illustrates the use in ancient times. From the information point of view, the Elizabeth picture is redundant, while the coin is far more important as a document.
 * --Panairjdde 08:51, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

cross symbolism
At the risk of being obvious, doesn't the cross on top of the globe symbolize Christ's dominion over the world? J S Ayer 23:38, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Your right, I was looking at that sentence the other day and somthing didnt seem right. --Stbalbach 00:36, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

 * How could it symbolize that, as the world was considered flat until Columbus proved it wasn't flat?Wzrd1 (talk) 00:54, 26 February 2012 (UTC)
 * The world was known to be round since at Ancient Greece at least. (And it was Magellan's expedition that finally proved what everyone already knew).  All Columbus proved was that Columbus's own estimate of the size of the world was wrong (he thought China was where America turned out to be).  Iapetus (talk) 16:47, 13 January 2014 (UTC)

T&O map
Regarding this connection with T&O maps
 * The bands encircling the globus – usually a circle around the "waist" of the globe, and a semi-circle intersecting a point on the first circular band, the surmounting cross, and a point at the opposite pole of the first point – are reminiscent of the divisions of the world seen in the medieval T and O map, where they represent the major seas and rivers that divide Europe, Africa, and Asia. It may be noted, however, that some orbs have a different pattern of bands.

I've never seen this connection made before. Is there a source for this, or conjecture? -- Stbalbach 16:29, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

First known use
Regarding this recent addition:

 * The first known use was between 395 and 408 on the reverse side of the coins of Emperor Arcadius.

I couldn't find a decent source for this. According to the Dictionary of the Middle Ages it is "the early 400s". The coin of Arcadius shows him holding a globe but it is not clearly a globus cruciger. I'll change the text to reflect the ambiguity unless someone has a better source to clear it up. -- Stbalbach 13:57, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

Sorry but...
Sorry but the orb is not especifically a christianity symbol, i think that is better remove the "a Christian symbol of authority", replace by "a ancient symbol of authority". See at: here

Thank. Marcelo.Marcelognunez (talk) 04:08, 22 April 2009 (UTC)

—Preceding unsigned comment added by Marcelognunez (talk • contribs) 03:49, 22 April 2009 (UTC)
 * It doesn't say it is - only the globus cruciger. Johnbod (talk) 04:01, 22 April 2009 (UTC)

-- OK i have added Orb like hyperlink to the proper page, i understand globus cruciger is a specific Orb with a croix. Thank.--Marcelognunez (talk) 04:13, 22 April 2009 (UTC)

Is Otto I (next to Eagdyth in Magdeburg) holding an orb with no cross?
Please see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HerscherpaarMagdeburgCathedral.jpg and note that it is not without question that this IS Otto I and his wife Eagdyth. WHAT is he holding? An orb? A plan-view of a nearly-circular walled city? Something like the breast-plate of the Israelite High Priest?2604:2000:C682:B600:FC9C:4C2:2514:9A8F (talk) 15:45, 18 July 2016 (UTC)Christopher L. Simpson

title: Talk:Globus cruciger


text: User:Hemanshu/review

title: User:Hemanshu/review


text: Talk:Imperial Decree

title: Talk:Imperial Decree


text:
CRSP

CRSP can refer to:
 * The stock ticker for CRISPR Therapeutics
 * Clerics Regular of Saint Paul (Barnabites), a religious order in the Catholic Church
 * Center for Research in Security Prices at the University of Chicago
 * Colorado River Storage Project
 * Canadian Registered Safety Professional designation administered by the Board of Canadian Registered Safety Professionals
 * Committee for a Revolutionary Socialist Party a coalition of American Trotskyist groups.

title: CRSP