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Los Angeles Wolves

The Los Angeles Wolves were an American professional soccer team that played for two seasons. In 1967 they played in the United Soccer Association, finishing as champions, and in 1968 they were founding members of the North American Soccer League.

United Soccer Association
In 1966 a group of American and Canadian sports Entrepreneurs, led by Jack Kent Cooke, formed the United Soccer Association with the intention of organizing a professional soccer league. The USA originally intended to launch its league in the spring of 1968. However a rival league, the National Professional Soccer League, announced it was ready to launch in 1967. Not wanting to lose ground to its rival, the USA decided to fast track its launch. Without any players of its own, it opted to import whole teams from Europe and South America. It was intended that these teams would represent the franchises during the inaugural season, giving them time to build their own squads for the following season. Wolverhampton Wanderers, who had won promotion to the English First Division at the end of the 1966–67 season subsequently represented the Los Angeles franchise. Cooke had originally intended to call the team the Los Angeles Zorros, but when the agreement with Wolverhampton Wanderers was made, it was decided to use their nickname of Wolves.

Wolves played in the Western Division alongside San Francisco Golden Gate Gales, Chicago Mustangs, Houston Stars, Vancouver Royal Canadians and Dallas Tornado. These teams were represented by ADO Den Haag, Cagliari Calcio, Bangu AC, Sunderland and Dundee United. Of the twelve teams in the league, Wolves with a team coached by Ronnie Allen and featuring Derek Dougan, emerged as one of the strongest sides. After winning the Western Division, a flip of a coin gave them the right to host the championship play-off game against the Eastern Division champions, Washington Whips, who were represented by Aberdeen. The match drew 17,824 to Los Angeles Coliseum. Wolves won the championship beating the Whips 6–5 after 36 minutes of extra-time. Four goals were scored within a 4-minute period midway through the second half and each team scored during extra time. The game was decided after Whips defender Ally Shewan scored an own goal.

NASL
In December 1967 the USA merged with the National Professional Soccer League to form the North American Soccer League. As a result, Wolves became founding members of the new league. During the inaugural 1968 season Wolves played in the Pacific Division alongside the San Diego Toros, Oakland Clippers and Vancouver Royals. With a team coached by Ray Wood and featuring Carlos Metidieri, but no Wolverhampton Wanderers players, they failed to repeat the success of the previous season. After finishing third in their division, Wolves were one of several NASL franchises that folded after just one season. The idea of importing teams to represent franchises was revived during the 1969 North American Soccer League season and Wolverhampton Wanderers returned to the United States, this time representing Kansas City Spurs, and winning the NASL International Cup.

Coaches

 * 🏴 Ronnie Allen
 * 🏴 Ray Wood

Legacy
In 2014, the Wolves name was resurrected by a United Premier Soccer League team called the LA Wolves FC.

In 2023, the LA Wolves story was brought alive via a collaboration between Wolverhampton Wanderers and Munidal (part of the FootballCo group). The trailer of the film was released on 14 July 2023 to commemorate 56 years since the final. The final film was released in November 2023 and available on TNT in the UK, across the Discovery network in Europe and on NBC in the USA. It was also made available on the club’s official Wolves YouTube channel. The film was subsequently shortlisted for the Kicking & Screening Film festival in New York City in March 2024 and was also a finalist in the 2024 New York Festivals TV & Film awards.

title: Los Angeles Wolves


text:
Airport Road

Airport Road may refer to:

Asia

 * Airport Road in Chaklala, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
 * Airport Road, a section of Andrews Avenue in Metro Manila, Philippines
 * Airport Road, Dhaka, Bangladesh
 * Airport Road metro station, Mumbai, India
 * Baghdad Airport Road, Iraq
 * D 89 road (United Arab Emirates) in Dubai, UAE
 * Old Airport Road, Bangalore, India

North America

 * Airport Road, a section of Nevada State Route 525 in Carson City, Nevada, US
 * Airport Road, Wyoming, an unincorporated community in Washakie County, Wyoming, US
 * Airport Road (Huntsville), Alabama, US
 * Airport Road (Ontario), Canada
 * Nevada State Route 759, also known as Douglas County Airport Road
 * Nevada State Route 796, in Humboldt County, Nevada, US
 * Pennsylvania Route 987, formerly known as Airport Road, in Pennsylvania, US
 * Veterans Memorial Parkway, formerly known as Airport Road, in London, Ontario, Canada

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Airport Road


text:
Richard Tandy

Richard Tandy (26 March 1948 – 1 May 2024) was an English musician. He was the full-time keyboardist in the band Electric Light Orchestra ("ELO"). His palette of keyboards (including Minimoog, Clavinet, Mellotron, and piano) was an important ingredient in the group's sound, especially on the albums A New World Record (1976), Out of the Blue (1977), Discovery (1979) and Time (1981). He collaborated musically with ELO frontman Jeff Lynne on many projects, among them songs for the Electric Dreams soundtrack, Lynne's solo album Armchair Theatre and Lynne-produced Dave Edmunds album Information.

Tandy was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2017 as a member of Electric Light Orchestra.

Early career
Tandy was born on 26 March 1948 in Birmingham, Warwickshire and educated at Moseley School, where he first met future bandmate Bev Bevan. Tandy would later be reunited with Bevan in 1968 when he played the harpsichord on The Move's UK number one chart single "Blackberry Way" and briefly joined them live playing keyboards, but switched to bass while regular bassist Trevor Burton was sidelined due to a shoulder injury. When Burton was able to play again, Tandy left to join The Uglys.

ELO
Tandy joined Electric Light Orchestra (ELO) in 1971, replacing previous bass guitarist Rick Price, In 1972, Tandy served as the bassist in the first live line-up of ELO, before becoming the band's full-time keyboardist. Tandy was featured on every ELO album since then during the band's original existence starting with ELO 2.

Tandy's keyboards were an integral part of ELO's sound, and include piano, Minimoog, Clavinet, Oberheim, Wurlitzer electric piano, Mellotron, Yamaha CS-80, ARP 2600, and harmonium. He was also proficient on guitar. On some albums he is also credited with vocals or backing vocals, without any specification of which songs. Tandy was Jeff Lynne's right-hand man in the studio and co-arranged the strings with Lynne and Louis Clark from Eldorado onwards.

In 2012, Tandy reunited with Lynne to record another ELO project, a live set of the band's biggest hits recorded at Lynne's Bungalow Palace home recording studio, which was broadcast on television. In 2013, Tandy joined Lynne in performing two songs for Children In Need Rocks, "Livin' Thing" and "Mr Blue Sky". He was also part of ELO's set on Radio 2's Festival In A Day in September 2014.

Tandy was absent from Jeff Lynne's ELO 2015 album Alone in the Universe, on which all of the instruments aside from some percussion were played by Lynne, but was featured on the next album From Out of Nowhere where he played a piano solo on the song "One More Time".

Other projects
In 1984, Richard Tandy formed the Tandy Morgan Band (also known simply as Tandy & Morgan) featuring Dave Morgan and Martin Smith, both of whom had worked with ELO in live concerts. In 1985, the Tandy Morgan Band released the concept album Earthrise. A remastered version was released on CD on the Rock Legacy label in 2011. A follow-up to Earthrise with previously unpublished tracks was released as The BC Collection, containing one track written by Tandy: "Enola Sad".

Tandy also collaborated musically with ELO frontman Jeff Lynne on many projects, among them songs for the Electric Dreams soundtrack, Lynne's solo album Armchair Theatre and Lynne-produced Dave Edmunds album Information.

Equipment
After permanently switching from bass to keyboards, Tandy's initial onstage setup was of Minimoog synthesizer and Wurlitzer electric piano and occasionally grand piano (as seen on ELO's performance of "Roll Over Beethoven" on The Midnight Special), which he otherwise used mainly in the studio. However, he gradually added more keyboards to his stage and studio rig, including the Hohner clavinet, Mellotron (which was largely relegated to stage use), and other synthesizers, and he began to make more regular use of the grand piano both on stage and in the studio. He also used the Yamaha CS80, ARP 2600, ARP Omni, Polymoog, Micromoog, ARP Quadra, and Oberheim synthesizers from the late 1970s to the early 1980s. Tandy played a harmonium on "Kuiama" on ELO 2.

Personal life and death
Tandy's first marriage was to Carol "Cookie", a friend of Cleo Odzer, but the marriage ended in divorce; he then married his second wife, Sheila. Tandy lived variously in Birmingham, France, and Los Angeles, but by the early-to-mid 2010s, he resided in Wales.

Tandy died on 1 May 2024, at the age of 76. Lynne posted a tribute later that day, memorialising him as "a remarkable musician and friend".

Albums

 * Earthrise (as Tandy & Morgan) (1985)
 * The BC Collection (1992) (as Tandy, Morgan, Smith)

Singles

 * "Berlin" (as R & D a.k.a. Tandy & Morgan) (1984)
 * "Action!" (as The Tandy Morgan Band) (1986)

title: Richard Tandy


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Foumban

Foumban or Fumban is a city in Cameroon, lying north east of Bafoussam. It has a population of 83,522 (at the 2005 Census). It is a major town for the Bamoun people and is home to a museum of traditional arts and culture. Foumban is known for its political significance in the formation of Cameroon's history and its cultural, tourism and economic potential. There is also a market and a craft centre, while Foumban Royal Palace contains a museum with information on Ibrahim Njoya who invented a new language script, Bamum script, and the artificial language Shümom.

History

Foumban is the headquarters of the Noun Division of the Western province. It was the seat of the Bamoun Dynasty. The Bamoun Dynasty was founded in the 1394 by Mfon Nshare Yen. Mfon Nshare became the first Mfon (what is today called Sultan ) and was the founding father of Foumban, which became the capital city of the Bamoun Dynasty. This was as a result of the many wars against neighbouring kingdoms between 1394 and 1418. Since then, Founban has politically, culturally and economic grown into a tourist city of great renown in Cameroon. Its rich history and development has seen it surpass other cities and towns in the region, and it continues to attract hundreds of visitors.

Bamoun became a part of German Kamerun on July 14, 1884. The sultan was beheaded in a conflict with the Nso people from the North West Province of Cameroon, and his head carried off in 1889.

Foumban is one of Cameroon's major attractions and an important centre of traditional African art. Its jewel is the Palais Royal, seat of power for the Bamoun people. The ruler of the Bamoun is known as the sultan, and the Bamoun can trace the lineage of their sultan back to 1394.

The palace, completed in 1917, resembles a medieval chateau. It houses the Sultan's Museum, which contains a multitude of royal gowns, arms, musical instruments, statues, jewellery, masks and colourful bead-covered thrones carved in the shapes of the men who sat on them.

A few hundred metres south of the palace is the Musée des Arts et des Traditions Bamoun. This extensive collection has exhibits on Bamoun history and art, including cooking implements, musical instruments, pipes, statues, masks, gongs and an ornately carved xylophone. The road that connects the two museums is the Rue des Artisans, home to sculptors, basket makers, weavers and embroiderers, and one of the best places in Central Africa to buy wood carvings.

Economy
The economy was largely agricultural, and slave owning was practiced on a small scale. The Bamum kingdom also traded with neighboring populations. They imported salt, iron, beads, cotton goods and copper objects. The main economic activity in Foumban as of today is tourism and agriculture which is largely subsistence. Thousands of tourist visit this ancient city to take a look at the remains of arts and cultural display of the kings of this historic town. The streets are decorated with artistic designed but much more is the palace which protrudes and imposes at the center of the city. Its centrality symbolizes an era where the kings represents the nerve center of the entire community. Artwork is the major source of income. There is an art market, a tourist center and a museum called Musée des Arts et des Traditions Bamoun. Agriculture is also carried out in small-scale subsistence farming. However, due to its very rich and fertile soil, the government of Cameroon has established a research centre to develop local hybrid of seeds to expand on the agricultural sector. The Institute for Agronomic Research (IRAD) has engage the community in partnership with the government in developing large-scale fishing in this landlocked community. Other economic activities include cattle rearing and palm oil production. Coffee is the main cash crop that is produced and sold in the world market.

Culture
The Bamoun people trace their origin from Tikar in Cameroon. Thus it no surprise that the language of the Bamum kingdom was related to the Tikars in the western highlands of Cameroon. This apparently did not last long, and the language of the conquered, Mben, was adopted. The Bamun developed an extensive artistic culture at their capital of Foumban at the beginning of the 20th century. During Njoya's reign six dye pits containing various colours were maintained. The Mbum also imported indigo-dyed raffia-sewn cloth from the Hausa as royal cloth. This royal cloth was called Ntieya, and Hausa craftsmen were kept at palace workshops to supply nobles and teach the art of dyeing.

Notable people

 * Arouna N'Joya (1908−1971), politician
 * Simon Ngapandouetnbu (2003-), professional footballer who currently plays as a goalkeeper for Marseille

title: Foumban


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World Health Day

World Health Day is a global health awareness day celebrated every year on 7 April, under the sponsorship of the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as other related organizations.

In 1948, the WHO held the First World Health Assembly. The Assembly decided to celebrate 7 April of each year, with effect from 1950, as the World Health Day. The World Health Day is held to mark WHO's founding and is seen as an opportunity by the organization to draw worldwide attention to a subject of major importance to global health each year. The WHO organizes international, regional and local events on the Day related to a particular theme. World Health Day is acknowledged by various governments and non-governmental organizations with interests in public health issues, who also organize activities and highlight their support in media reports, such as the Global Health Council.

World Health Day is one of 11 official global health campaigns marked by WHO, along with World Tuberculosis Day, World Immunization Week, World Malaria Day, World No Tobacco Day, World AIDS Day, World Blood Donor Day, World Chagas Disease Day, World Patient Safety Day, World Antimicrobial Awareness Week and World Hepatitis Day.

List of World Health Days themes

 * 1991: Should Disaster Strike, be prepared
 * 1992: Heart beat: A rhythm of Health
 * 1993: Handle life with care: Prevent violence and Negligence
 * 1994: Oral Health for a Healthy Life
 * 1995: Global Polio Eradication
 * 1996: Healthy Cities for better life
 * 1997: Emerging infectious diseases
 * 1998: Safe motherhood
 * 1999: Active aging makes the difference
 * 2000: Safe Blood starts with me
 * 2001: Mental Health: stop exclusion, dare to care
 * 2002: Move for health
 * 2003: Shape the future of life: healthy environments for children
 * 2004: Road safety
 * 2005: Make every mother and child count
 * 2006: Working together for health

 * 2007: International health security
 * 2008: Protecting health from the adverse effects of climate change
 * 2009: Save lives, Make hospitals safe in emergencies
 * 2010: Urbanization and health: make cities healthier
 * 2011: Antimicrobial resistance: no action today, no cure tomorrow
 * 2012: Good health adds life to years
 * 2013: Healthy heart beat, Healthy blood pressure
 * 2014: Vector-borne diseases: small bite, big threat
 * 2015: Food safety
 * 2016: Halt the rise: beat diabetes
 * 2017: Depression: Let's talk
 * 2018: Universal Health Coverage: : everyone, everywhere
 * 2019: Universal Health Coverage: : everyone, everywhere
 * 2020: Support Nurses and Midwives
 * 2021: Building a Fairer and Healthier World for Everyone
 * 2022: Our planet, our health
 * 2023: Health For All
 * 2024: My health, my right

2006: working together for health
In 2006, World Health Day was devoted to the health workforce crisis, or chronic shortages of health workers around the world due to decades of underinvestment in their education, training, salaries, working environment and management. The day was also meant to celebrate individual health workers – the people who provide health care to those who need it, in other words those at the heart of health systems.

The Day also marked the launch of the WHO's World Health Report 2006, which focused on the same theme. The report contained an assessment of the current crisis in the global health workforce, revealing an estimated shortage of almost 4.3 million physicians, midwives, nurses and other health care providers worldwide, and further proposed a series of actions for countries and the international community to tackle it.

2008: protecting health from the adverse effects of climate change
In 2008, World Health Day focused on the need to protect health from the adverse effects of climate change and establish links between climate change and health and other development areas such as environment, food, energy, transport.

The theme "protecting health from climate change" put health at the centre of the global dialogue about climate change. WHO selected this theme in recognition that climate change is posing ever growing threats to global public health security.

2009: save lives. Make hospitals safe in emergencies

World Health Day 2009 focused on the safety of health facilities and the readiness of health workers who treat those affected by emergencies. Health centres and staff are critical lifelines for vulnerable people in disasters – treating injuries, preventing illnesses and caring for people's health needs. Often, already fragile health systems are unable to keep functioning through a disaster, with immediate and future public health consequences.

For this year's World Health Day campaign, WHO and international partners underscored the importance of investing in health infrastructure that can withstand hazards and serve people in immediate need, and urged health facilities to implement systems to respond to internal emergencies, such as fires, and ensure the continuity of care.

2010: urbanization and health
With the campaign "1000 cities, 1000 lives", events were organized worldwide during the week starting 7 April 2010. The global goals of the campaign were:
 * 1000 cities: to open up public spaces to health, whether it be activities in parks, town hall meetings, clean-up campaigns, or closing off portions of streets to motorized vehicles.
 * 1000 lives: to collect 1000 stories of urban health champions who have taken action and had a significant impact on health in their cities.

2011: antimicrobial resistance
The theme of World Health Day 2011, marked on 7 April 2011, was "antimicrobial resistance and its global spread" and focused on the need for governments and stakeholders to implement the policies and practices needed to prevent and counter the emergence of highly resistant microorganisms.

When infections caused by resistant microorganisms fail to respond to standard treatments, including antibiotics and other antimicrobial medicines – also known as drug resistance – this may result in prolonged illness and greater risk of death.

On World Health Day 2011, WHO called for intensified global commitment to safeguard antimicrobial medicines for future generations. The organization introduced a six-point policy package to combat the spread of antimicrobial resistance:
 * 1) Commit to a comprehensive, financed national plan with accountability and civil society engagement.
 * 2) Strengthen surveillance and laboratory capacity.
 * 3) Ensure uninterrupted access to essential medicines of assured quality.
 * 4) Regulate and promote rational use of medicines, including in animal husbandry, and ensure proper patient care; reduce use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals.
 * 5) Enhance infection prevention and control.
 * 6) Foster innovations and research and development for new tools.

2012: ageing and health
World Health Day 2012 was marked with the slogan "Good health adds life to years". Life expectancy is going up in most countries, meaning more and more people live longer and enter an age when they may need health care. Meanwhile, birth rates are generally falling. Countries and health care systems need to find innovative and sustainable ways to cope with the demographic shift. As stated by John Beard, director of the WHO Department of Ageing and Life Course, "With the rapid ageing of populations, finding the right model for long-term care becomes more and more urgent".

Different activities were organized by WHO as well as non-governmental and community organizations around the world to mark World Health Day 2012.

2013: Healthy Blood Pressure
The theme of World Health Day 2013, marked on 7 April 2013, was the need to control raised blood pressure (hypertension) as a "silent killer, global public health crisis". The slogan for the campaign was "Healthy Heart Beat, Healthy Blood Pressure". The WHO reports hypertension – which is both preventable and treatable – contributes to the burden of heart disease, stroke and kidney failure, and is an important cause of premature death and disability. The organization estimates one in 3 adults has raised blood pressure.

Specific objectives of the World Health Day 2013 campaign were to:
 * raise awareness of the causes and consequences of high blood pressure;
 * provide information on how to prevent high blood pressure and related complications;
 * encourage adults to check their blood pressure and follow the advice of healthcare professionals;
 * encourage self care to prevent high blood pressure;
 * to make blood pressure measurement affordable to all;
 * to incite national and local authorities to create enabling environments for healthy behaviours.

2014: small bite, big threat

World Health Day 2014 put the spotlight on some of the most commonly known vectors – such as mosquitoes, sandflies, bugs, ticks and snails – responsible for transmitting a wide range of parasites and pathogens that can cause many different illnesses. Mosquitoes, for example, transmit malaria – the most deadly vector-borne disease, causing an estimated 660 000 deaths annually worldwide – as well as dengue fever, lymphatic filariasis, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever. More than half of the world's population is at risk of these diseases.

The goal of the World Health Day 2014 campaign was better protection from vector-borne diseases, especially for families living in areas where diseases are transmitted by vectors, and travelers to countries where they pose a health threat. The campaign advocated for health authorities in countries where vector-borne diseases are a public health problem or emerging threat, to put in place measures to improve surveillance and protection.

2015: food safety
The WHO promoted improvement of food safety as part of the 2015 World Health Day campaign. Unsafe food — food containing harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites or chemical substances — is responsible for more than 200 diseases, and is linked to the deaths of some 2 million people annually, mostly children. Changes in food production, distribution and consumption; changes to the environment; new and emerging pathogens; and antimicrobial resistance all pose challenges to food safety systems.

The WHO works with countries and partners to strengthen efforts to prevent, detect and respond to foodborne disease outbreaks in line with the Codex Alimentarius, advocating that food safety is a shared responsibility — from farmers and manufacturers to vendors and consumers — and raising awareness about the importance of the part everyone can play in ensuring that the food on our plate is safe to eat.

2016: diabetes
[[File:Diabetes world map - 2000.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|Rates of diabetes worldwide (per 1,000 inhabitants) — world average was 2.8%.

{{legend|#b3b3b3|no data}} {{legend|#ffff65|≤ 7.5}} {{legend|#fff200|7.5–15}} {{legend|#ffdc00|15–22.5}} {{legend|#ffc600|22.5–30}} {{legend|#ffb000|30–37.5}} {{legend|#ff9a00|37.5–45}}

{{legend|#ff8400|45–52.5}} {{legend|#ff6e00|52.5–60}} {{legend|#ff5800|60–67.5}} {{legend|#ff4200|67.5–75}} {{legend|#ff2c00|75–82.5}} {{legend|#cb0000|≥ 82.5}} ]]

The WHO focused World Health Day 2016, on diabetes – a largely preventable and treatable non-communicable disease that is rapidly increasing in numbers in many countries, most dramatically in low- and middle-income countries. Simple lifestyle measures have been shown to be effective in preventing or delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes, including maintaining normal body weight, engaging in regular physical activity, and eating a healthy diet. Diabetes can be controlled and managed to prevent complications through diagnosis, self-management education, and affordable treatment. The WHO estimates about 422 million people in the world have diabetes, with the disease the direct cause of some 1.5 million deaths. The goals of WHD 2016 are (1) scale up prevention, (2) strengthen care, and (3) enhance surveillance.

2017: Depression: Let's Talk

World Health Day 2017, celebrated on 7 April, aims to mobilize action on depression. This condition affects people of all ages, from all walks of life, in all countries. It impacts on people's ability to carry out everyday tasks, with consequences for families, friends, and even communities, workplaces, and health care systems. At worst, depression can lead to self-inflicted injury and suicide. A better understanding of depression – which can be prevented and treated – will help reduce the stigma associated with the illness, and lead to more people seeking help.

2018: Universal Health Coverage: Everyone, Everywhere
World Health Day 2018 theme, "Universal Health Coverage: Everyone, Everywhere", emphasized the idea that health is a fundamental human right, and that all people should be able to have access to health care. The slogan for the day was "Health For All". Several events were held including a panel discussion on universal health coverage which was live streamed. 2018 marked the 70th anniversary of the World Health Organization's founding.

2019: Universal Health Coverage: Everyone, Everywhere
The 2019 World Health Day theme was "Universal Health Coverage: Everyone, Everywhere", a repeat of the 2018 theme, with an emphasis on the idea that "Universal Health Coverage is the WHO's number one goal". To commemorate the 2019 World Health Day theme, the World Health Organization launched a campaign to sign a petition for health for all, held a Facebook live event, and shared information about primary health care and universal health coverage "statistics and facts".

2020: Support Nurses and Midwives
The 2020 World Health Day theme took place in the context of the COVID-19 global pandemic and was therefore launched as 'Support Nurses and Midwives". Around the world, people spent the day thanking the nurses and health care workers on the frontlines battling the COVID-19 coronavirus. The US White House released a presidential message emphasizing the role public health plays in "building strong, prosperous, and free societies around the world". The celebration of 2020 World Health Day took place around the world in a mostly virtual environment through online press conferences, announcements, and social media due to the worldwide, broad based, "stay at home" order due to the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. Much of the efforts were focused on raising funds for the COVID-19 solidarity response fund.

title: World Health Day


text:
Zhonghu

The zhonghu, short for zhongyin erhu is a low-pitched Chinese bowed string instrument. Together with the erhu and gaohu, it is a member of the huqin family. It was developed in the 1940s as the alto member of the huqin family (similar in range to the European viola) to increase the pitch range of the instruments used in a Chinese orchestra.

The zhonghu is analogous with the erhu, but is slightly larger and lower pitched. Its body is covered on the playing end with snakeskin. The instrument has two strings which are generally tuned to the interval of a fifth, to A and E or to G and D (this latter tuning equivalent to the violin's lowest two strings). It has a deep, mellow sound similar to that of the cello.

Presence in popular music
Composer Jeremy Zuckerman has used the Zhonghu in critically acclaimed shows' music such as Avatar: The Last Airbender and The Legend of Korra. Specifically, he has said in the podcast Song Exploder that along with the erhu, the Zhonghu was used in The Legend of Korra's series finale music.

title: Zhonghu


text:
Talk:3 Musketeers (chocolate bar)

Stub?
Is this article a stub? —This unsigned comment was added by 65.54.98.106 (talk • contribs).

Naming differences
(Outside of the United States and Canada, the 3 Musketeers bar is called the Milky Way bar, and the candy bar that is known in the U.S. as the Milky Way bar is known as the Mars bar.)

 * this begs the question about the Mars bar sold in the United States. What is THAT called in Europe. Also, I vote the 3 Musketeers (and European Milky Way) to be the lamest candy bar ever. -Diego Gravez 23:02, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

this last paragraph in incorrect, 3 Musketeers are imported and sold as such outside US, at least in Central America, Milky Ways ans 3 Musketeers are the same as in the US —This unsigned comment was added by Danielchaves (talk • contribs).
 * Maybe the switch is just in Europe? I've changed the article to reflect the uncertainty. - SCEhard T 19:53, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

Grammar

Changed that to this,

What is the article about?
The article seems to be more about the relative fat content of a 3 Musketeers and less about the history of the 3 Musketeers. I would expect to find something about the history of the candy bar (which I am not familiar with, else I would propose a new article).

However, if Wikipedia decides to keep this text, it should be ammended to include the amount of saturated fat per serving. (Example: 5 grams fat per 33 gram serving.)

According to https://www.soupersage.com/nutrition-ingredients/mars-3-musketeers-chocolate-original, there is 35.7 g of sugar and approximately 77% of the bar is made up of carbohydrates.

Pictures
Nice pictures, but can someone find one with the original 3 flavours? (And info about why they were changed? 3 flavours sounds yummier to me...) Brutannica 05:06, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

3 Flavors
I totally agree! They still make Easter candy that has strawberry and vanilla centers...both are very good, though I do prefer the chocolate one of today...

"The Other" 3 musketeers
When I emigrated from the Netherlands to the USA a couple years ago, I was surprised that what I knew as a Milky Way is a called a 3 Musketeers here, and what Americans call a Milky Way is what I know as a Mars bar. So Mars (as a brand) doesn't exist here, and 3 Musketeers doesn't exist in the Netherlands. However I do remember a candy bar called "3 Musketiers" from when I was little; it was made of caramel (like the caramel in a Mars/Milky way, no nougat) covered with chocolate, it was flat and long (I'd say 2cm x 20cm x 1cm but I may remember incorrectly) and looked as if three strands of caramel had been braided together loosely and covered with chocolate. I guess the name was inspired by the 3 "strands" combined with the unusual length of the candy which also inspired the slogan "As long as a rapier" ("zo lang als een degen").

If anyone knows more about the history of this candy (and perhaps if it was known outside the Netherlands), it should probably also be added :-)

 * "So Mars (as a brand) doesn't exist here [USA]" Sure it does. It's just something entirely different99.131.53.182 (talk) 03:44, 21 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Milky Way bars in the UK are not the same as 3 Musketeers from the US.(94.173.125.135 (talk) 23:48, 13 January 2011 (UTC))

 * What is described by the original poster was marketed for a while in the US as the Marathon Bar (in the 70's possibly). It was advertised as taking a long time to eat. I remember one ad where "Quick Carl" - who did everything quick - was attempting to eat a Marathon bar quickly. The tag was something to the effect of "You can't eat a Marathon bar quick, Carl."THX1136 (talk) 15:47, 5 March 2014 (UTC)

Nutritional Vandalism
It seems to me after reading through the edit history briefly that some student(s) using public IP addresses have been continually adding the "nutrition information" recently. Whether it is false or not I do not know but just judging by the history it seems like it is vandalism and they are seeing how much they can get put on this lesser-known article without it being taken off. Keep an eye on it, and thanks. Mattygabe 23:35, 12 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Unless those editors also wrote the linked reference, the info seems legit. I rewrote it a while back to make it sound less like an exposé. - SCEhard T 23:45, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:3 Musketeers wrapped.jpg
Image:3 Musketeers wrapped.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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BetacommandBot 23:29, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

Chocolate or Vanilla?!
So is the nougat center vanilla or chocolate? I always thought it was chocolate, but the beginning of the article says it's vanilla, while later it says it's chocolate. What gives? (The same issue seems to apply to the Flyte bar article). Brainscar 11:14, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

 * My recollection is that the center is vanilla, but the product was reformulated some years ago, about the time the wrapper was changed from white to silver, and it may be that there is increased chocolate in the nougat now compared to the original formulation.68.14.134.2 (talk) 23:09, 27 September 2008 (UTC)

 * You recollect correctly, sir! This happened sometime in the late 80's.99.131.53.182 (talk) 03:45, 21 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes, indeed. The center was white and presumably vanilla when the wrapper was white. The wrapper changed to silver and the center nougat darkened to a chocolate color with increased chocolate flavor. IMHO, the previous formulation tasted better. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.10.46.254 (talk) 17:55, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

 * What I remember of the bar is that it has always been chocolate nougat(this is as far back as the late 50s). This applies to the white wrapper and the older wax-like paper wrapper. My father told about the bar originally being the 3 piece confection. I do not remember a time when the center was vanilla, but that doesn't mean it hasn't been at some other point beyond it's original configuration.THX1136 (talk) 15:52, 5 March 2014 (UTC)

I found that nougat is actually made up of egg whites that are whipped up and syrup sugar is added to it to enhance the sweet flavor. Other flavorings and preservatives are added to it after this stage as well. https://www.leaf.tv/articles/the-history-of-the-3-musketeers-candy-bar/ == Origin ==

I remember seeing something on Food Network saying that the 3 Musketeers bar was supposed to be a candy bar that tasted like a milkshake or something like that. Maybe this can be added? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.252.65.147 (talk) 05:00, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I think you are referring to Hollywood's candy bar named Milk Shake. I remember that being a claim for that bar. It was, if memory serves, similar to Mars' Milky Way - chocolate covered chocolate nougat and caramel.THX1136 (talk) 15:56, 5 March 2014 (UTC)

 * While reading the article on the Mars, Incorporated there is a mention of the Milky Way bar being inspired by a particular milk shake. Perhaps that's what the unsigned commenter was remembering instead of it being a 3 Muskateers. THX1136 (talk) 20:59, 12 December 2023 (UTC)

3 Musketeers Mint
No one put any imagines about the new 3 Musketeers Flavor which is "3 Musketeers Mint", it is slit into two pieces, has dark chocolate instead of mint chocolate & it has a fluffy white mint nougat. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.224.63.16 (talk) 02:35, 17 February 2008 (UTC)

Name?
I came here looking for how the candy got the name "3 Musketeers"... but I didn't seem to find it anywhere in the article. Can someone add it in? 67.87.201.139 (talk) 21:05, 4 November 2011 (UTC)

 * From the article: Originally, it had three pieces in one package, flavored chocolate, strawberry and vanilla, hence the name. Rising costs and wartime restrictions on sugar saw the phasing out of the vanilla and strawberry pieces to leave only the more popular chocolate. 69.42.13.45 (talk) 00:56, 30 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Back in the 1950's as a child, I remember the 3 Musketeers bar as costing a nickel. For comparison, a pack of gum was a penny.  The bar was chocolate outside with a light fluffy chocolate inside similar to today.  The bar was flat on the bottom and had 3 humps on the top to make it easy to break apart into 3 pieces "so you could share with your friends".  The middle section was slightly larger than the 2 end sections.  I don't recall exactly when the humps went away and were replaced by the current top.  I suspect the bar got smaller then as well.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.61.128.48 (talk) 22:22, 2 November 2016 (UTC)

Xavier University
Xavier's athletic programs are nicknamed Musketeers, and I believe that at one time there was some sort of advertising promotion or sponsorship with the candy bar. I don't know how long it lasted or if it continues to this day; if so, it might warrant at least a mention in the article. 69.42.13.45 (talk) 00:55, 30 March 2012 (UTC)

Fluffy, not stuffy ads
To go along with the lower fat, Mars used the "fluffy, not stuffy" phrase for this bar also. Don't have any sources for that other than memory.THX1136 (talk) 15:59, 5 March 2014 (UTC)

Nickname
The alleged nickname needs a source. MarnetteD|Talk 20:55, 5 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:3 Musketeers (chocolate bar)


text:
Talk:Edgeworth paradox

Update this page: there is a solution. I leave you to find it, but it involves granularity of transactions.

title: Talk:Edgeworth paradox


text:
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Genoa

The Archdiocese of Genoa (Archidioecesis Ianuensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy. Erected in the 3rd century, it was elevated to an archdiocese on 20 March 1133. The archdiocese of Genoa was, in 1986, united with the Diocese of Bobbio-San Colombano, forming the Archdiocese of Genoa-Bobbio; however a split in 1989 renamed it the "Archdiocese of Genoa."

The Archdiocese of Genoa is a metropolitan archdiocese, the suffragan dioceses in its ecclesiastical province are the Diocese of Albenga-Imperia, Diocese of Chiavari, Diocese of La Spezia-Sarzana-Brugnato, Diocese of Savona-Noli, Diocese of Tortona, and Diocese of Ventimiglia-San Remo.

Territory
The territory of the Archidiocese covers 967 km² and includes, fully or in part, the following municipalities (in two Italian Regions, Liguria and Piedmont, as a legacy of the territory of the former Republic of Genoa):

 * In the Metropolitan City of Genoa (Liguria): Genoa, Arenzano, Avegno, Bargagli, Bogliasco, Busalla (town center only), Camogli, Campomorone, Ceranesi, Davagna, Isola del Cantone (town center only), Mele, Mignanego, Montoggio, Pieve Ligure, Recco, Ronco Scrivia (except for Pietrafraccia), Sant'Olcese, Savignone (Isorelle and San Bartolomeo only), Serra Riccò, Sori, Tribogna, Uscio, Valbrevenna (except for Nenno and Tonno) e Vobbia.
 * In the Province of Alessandria (Piedmont): Arquata Scrivia (Rigoroso and Sottovalle only), Bosio, Carrosio, Fraconalto, Gavi, Mongiardino Ligure, Parodi Ligure e Voltaggio.

History
During the 9th century the entire coast of Liguria was threatened by repeated incursions of Saracen raiders. The people were enslaved, driven off or killed. The danger to church property grew so severe that, c. 878, Bishop Sabatinus of Genoa had the remains of S. Romulus removed from his tomb in Villa Matutiana (San Remo) and brought to Genoa and placed in the crypt of the Cathedral of San Lorenzo in Genoa. Muslims from North Africa thoroughly sacked Genoa in 934–935, and the site was probably abandoned for a few years. In 980, when the threat of the Saracens had receded, Bishop Teodulfus, seeing that the devastated lands were recovering and that the decima tax was able to be collected again, donated the income of those lands to the maintenance of the Canons of the Cathedral (nostrorum cardinalium clericorum mancipamus usui).

In October 1118, Pope Gelasius II arrived in Genoa from Pisa, having fled from the violence of the Frangipani family in Rome. On 10 October he consecrated the church of Ss. Lorenzo e Siro in Genoa.

An Archbishopric
In 1130 the diocese of Genoa faced a series of crises. In Rome, Pope Honorius II died on 13 February 1130. Two separate conclaves were held, and each elected a pope, Anacletus II (Petrus Pierleoni) and Innocent II (Gregorius Papareschi). Both sides immediately appealed for recognition and support from the King of the Romans, Lothair of Supplinburg. At the time, Lothair was in a fierce struggle for the imperial crown against Conrad III (Hohenstaufen) who had been crowned King of Italy with the Iron Crown of Lombardy by Archbishop Anselm of Milan in 1128. For this act he and the city of Milan were placed under papal interdict. Innocent was not able to maintain himself in Rome against the opposition of the majority of the Cardinals, of the clergy, of the nobility, and of the people of Rome, though for a time he held the Trastevere; in May or June he fled the City, and arrived in Pisa c. 20 June, and on 2 August he was in Genoa. Meanwhile, in Milan, Archbishop Anselm had announced his support for Pope Anacletus, though a substantial number of Milanese objected to his choice and campaigned for Innocent. The opposition was led by the Archpriest, Stephanus Guandeca, who brought the people around to repudiating Anacletus, recognizing Innocent, and deposing Anselm.

The Annales Genuenses of Caffaro di Caschifellone, a contemporary of Bishop Syrus, states that Pope Innocent was present when Syrus was elected Bishop of Genoa, but that he was consecrated in the same year by Pope Innocent at Sanctus Egidius (near the later city of Montpellier). Archbishop Jacobus de Voragine, however, seems to say that Innocent consecrated Syrus Bishop of Genoa when he was staying in Genoa. At the time of his election as bishop, Syrus was already a Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, having been named by Innocent himself earlier in the year 1130. In any case, Pope Innocent and his Court were transported to southern France by the galleys of the Genoese navy, for which the Pope was grateful. It was one of the considerations in his naming the bishops of Genoa to the rank of archbishop.

Pope Innocent returned to Italy in April 1132, and took up residence in Pisa in January 1133. The See of Milan was vacant, and Pope Innocent took the opportunity, on 20 March 1133, to remove Genoa from the Metropolitanate of Milan, and create a new Metropolitanate at Genoa, with Syrus as its first Archbishop. Five days later, the Pope wrote again, extending the use of the pallium and naming Syrus and his successors Commendatory Abbots of the monastery of S. Syro. The new suffragans of the Metropolitanate of Genoa were: Mariana, Nebbio, and Accia (on Corsica); Bobbio, and Brugnato (newly created), to which was added the diocese of Albenga, formerly in the Metropolitanate of Milan.

According to Pope Innocent II's bull, the archbishop of Genoa was to be consecrated only by the pope. This stipulation was changed by Pope Alexander III in a bull of 9 April 1161, which specified that the archbishop of Genoa, like the archbishop of Pisa, was to be consecrated by his suffragan bishops. Another bull of 25 March 1162 repeated the order.

Failed election
In 1288, on the death of Archbishop Bernardus, the Chapter met and conducted several ballots to choose his successor. They were unsuccessful in coalescing around a candidate, and therefore appointed a committee of four Canons to choose the next Archbishop. The four members, Nicolinus de Camilla, Jacobus de Voragine, Thedisius Fieschi, and Ottobono Spinola, were unable to come to an agreement, and therefore resigned the choice to the Pope. On 4 June 1288, Pope Nicholas IV appointed as Administrator of the diocese of Genoa the current Latin Patriarch of Antioch, Obizzo Fieschi, a nephew of Pope Innocent IV, who had been driven out of his own diocese by the Saracens (propter Agarenorum perfidiam). In 1292, Opizzo Fieschi resigned, and Pope Nicholas appointed Jacobus de Voragine to the Archbishopric of Genoa.

A Pope in Genoa
Urban VI, who represented the "Roman Obedience" at the beginning of the Great Western Schism (1378–1417), had been intriguing to set up a principality for his nephew Butillo in the Kingdom of Naples. He helped Charles of Durazzo to overthrow Queen Johanna of Naples, and then crowned him in Rome in 1381. The Pope's interference in Neapolitan affairs, however, caused King Charles and a number of Urban's cardinals to create a plan to remove Urban from power because of his incapacity, and institute a Council of Regency. In response Urban imprisoned and tortured six cardinals, but Charles responded by besieging the Pope in the town of Nocera (Lucera). During the siege, on 12 January 1385, the Pope had Cardinal Joannes de Amelia executed.

On 7 July 1385, Urban managed to escape. During his flight the horse of the Bishop of Aquila went lame, and the Pope ordered the bishop to be killed. His intended refuge, the papal city of Benevento, refused to receive him. He broke his way in, extracted money from the inhabitants, and made arrangements with the captains of the Genoese galleys who were standing off Naples to take his party on board and convey them to Genoa. A rendezvous had to take place on the eastern coast of southern Italy, since the western coast was in the hands of Charles of Durazzo. When they arrived at Barletta, they found that it too had joined Charles. It was only off the beach near Trani that the papal party was taken aboard ten Genoese galleys and transported to Genoa. On 23 September 1385 the galleys arrived in Genoa. Urban took up residence in the Hospital of Saint John, which he did not leave during his entire stay in the city. The five cardinals whom he held under arrest were with him. He had several members of his Curia arrested and tortured because he suspected that they were trying to liberate the cardinals.

The Genoese them presented the bill to the Pope for his rescue operation, amounting to 80,000 florins. The Pope assigned to the Genoese the city of Corneto, a seaport in the Patrimony of Saint Peter, as payment. After more than a year in Genoa, the Doge of Genoa urged the Pope to find other accommodations, since strife between papal supporters and the inhabitants of the city were a constant threat to the Republic. Before he departed in December 1386, Pope Urban had four of his cardinal prisoners executed. Only Cardinal Adam de Easton escaped, because of the personal intervention of Richard II of England.

Cathedral and Chapter
At the beginning of the 18th century, the Chapter of the Cathedral of S. Lorenzo was composed of five dignities and twelve Canons. The dignities were: the Provost, the Archdeacon, the Archpriest, the Majusculus, and the Primicerius. The Archdeacon and Archpriest are already found in 980 under Bishop Teodulfus.

Pope Innocent VIII had once been Provost of the Cathedral Chapter.

Synods
A diocesan synod was an irregular but important meeting of the bishop of a diocese and his clergy. Its purpose was (1) to proclaim generally the various decrees already issued by the bishop; (2) to discuss and ratify measures on which the bishop chose to consult with his clergy; (3) to publish statutes and decrees of the diocesan synod, of the provincial synod, and of the Holy See.

The earliest known diocesan synod took place in 1216, according to Jacobus de Voragine, immediately after the return of Bishop Otto from the Fourth Lateran Council. The bishop explained to his clergy what had been decided, and ordered the decisions of the Council to be observed. The earliest known provincial synod took place in the Cathedral of S. Lorenzo in 1294, according to Jacobus. The remains of S. Syro, the alleged first bishop of Genoa, were solemnly recognized and enshrined beneath the altar of S. Lorenzo.

In 1310, Archbishop Porchetto Spinola (1299–1321) held a provincial synod, in which the Statutes of Genoa pertaining to the imprisonment of persons for unpaid debts, including clerics, was debated. Archbishop Andrea della Torre (1368–1377) held a synod in 1375. On 10 January 1421, Archbishop Pileo de' Marini (1400–1433) held a diocesan synod, which was chiefly concerned with the lives and conduct of the clergy.

In 1567, shortly after his installation as Archbishop, Cipriano Pallavicino (1567–1586) held a provincial synod in order to introduce into the Statutes of the diocese canons for reform, in accordance with the decrees of the Council of Trent. These revised Statutes, which were published in 1575 and twice reissued, in 1605 and 1727, were in use for more than two centuries.

On 1 September 1588, under Cardinal Antonio Sauli (1586–1591), the Perpetual Administrator of the diocese of Genoa, a diocesan synod was held. The Cardinal ordered the rectors and curates of the churches to read one chapter of the Constitutions to the people on every feast day. Archbishop Orazio Spínola (1600–1616) held his first diocesan synod on 6 October 1604. The proceedings were published. Archbishop Domenico de' Marini (1616–1635) held his first diocesan synod on 16 February 1619. Cardinal Stefano Durazzo (1635–1664) held a diocesan synod on 21 April 1643.

A diocesan synod was also held on 6 May 1683, with Archbishop Giulio Vincentio Gentili and Pope Innocent XI taking part. A synod was also held on 11–13 September 1838.

Bishops of Genoa

 * Diogenes (attested 381)
 * [Salomone]

 * Paschasius (attested 451)
 * Felix
 * Syrus of Genoa
 * St. Remo
 * [Appellinus (c. 617)]

 * Mansuetus
 * Sigibertus
 * Petrus (c. 864)
 * Sabbatinus (attested 876, 877)

 * Rapertus (c. 916 ?)
 * Teodulfus (c. 945–after 980)
 * Joannes (c. 985 – c. 993)

 * Landulphus (1019–1034)
 * Conradus
 * Obertus
 * Conradus Mezanello (c. 1084)
 * Cyriacus (c. 1090)
 * Augurius (1095–1098)
 * Airaldo Guaraco (1099–1117)
 * Otto (1117–1120)
 * Sede vacante (1120–1123)

 * Sigifredus (1123–1129)
 * Syrus (1130–1163)

Archbishops of Genoa

 * Siro de' Porcello	(1133–1163)
 * Ugone della Volta	(1163–1188)
 * Boniface (1188–1203)
 * Ottone II Ghiglini	(1203–1239)
 * Giovanni de' Rossi (1239–1252)
 * Gualtiero da Vezzano (1253–1274)
 * Bernardo de' Arimondi (1276–1287)
 * Opizzino Fieschi (1288–1292) Administrator
 * Giacomo da Varazze (Jacopo da Varagine) (1292–1298)
 * Porchetto Spinola, O.Min. (1299–1321)
 * Bartolomeo de' Maroni (1321–1335)
 * Dino de' Tusci (1336–1342)
 * Giacomo Peloso da Santa Vittoria (1342–1349)
 * Bertrando Bessaduri (1349–1358)
 * Guido Scetten (1358–1368)
 * Andrea della Torre (1368–1377)
 * Lanfranco Sacco (1377–1381?)
 * Bartolomeo de Cucurno (c. 1381–1382)
 * Giacomo III Fieschi (1383–1400)
 * Pileo de' Marini (1400–1429?)
 * Pietro de' Giorgi (1429–1436)
 * Giorgio Fieschi (1436–1439)
 * Giacomo Imperiale (1439–1452)
 * Paolo di Campofregoso (1453–1495)
 * Cardinal Jorge da Costa (1495–1496) Administrator
 * Cardinal Paolo di Campofregoso (1496–1498)
 * Giovanni Maria Sforza (1498–1520)
 * Innocenzo Cybo (1520–1550)
 * Gerolamo Sauli (1550–1559)
 * Agostino Maria Salvago. O.P. (1559–1567)
 * Cipriano Pallavicino (1567–1586)
 * Antonio Sauli (1586–1591) Administrator
 * Alessandro Centurione (1591–1596)
 * Matteo Rivarola (1596–1600)
 * Orazio Spínola (20 December 1600 – 24 June 1616)
 * Domenico de' Marini (1616–1635)
 * Stefano Durazzo (1635–1664)
 * Giambattista Spinola (1664–1681)
 * Giulio Vincenzo Gentile (1681–1694)
 * Giovanni Battista Spínola (1694–1705)
 * Cardinal Lorenzo Fieschi (archbishop) (1705–1726)
 * Nicolò Maria de' Franchi, O.P. (1726–1746)
 * Giuseppe Maria Saporiti (1746–1767)
 * Giovanni Lercari (1767–1802)
 * Cardinal Giuseppe Spina (24 May 1802 – 13 December 1816)
 * Cardinal Luigi Emmanuele Nicolo Lambruschini, B. (1819 – 26 June 1830)
 * Cardinal Placido Maria Tadini, O.C.D. (28 October 1831 – 22 November 1847)
 * Salvatore Magnasco (1871–1892)
 * Tommaso Reggio (1892–1901)
 * Edoardo Pulciano (16 November 1901 – 25 December 1911)
 * Cardinal Tommaso Boggiani, O.P. (10 March 1919 – 1921)
 * Cardinal Carlo Minoretti (16 January 1925 – 13 March 1938)
 * Cardinal Pietro Boetto, S.J. (17 March 1938 – 31 January 1946)
 * Cardinal Giuseppe Siri (14 May 1946 – 6 July 1987)
 * Cardinal Giovanni Canestri (6 July 1987 – 20 April 1995)
 * Cardinal Dionigi Tettamanzi (18 June 1995 – 11 July 2002), appointed Archbishop of Milan
 * Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, S.D.B. (10 December 2002 – 15 September 2006), appointed Cardinal Secretary of State
 * Cardinal Angelo Bagnasco (29 August 2006 – 8 May 2020)
 * Marco Tasca, OFM Conv (2020–)

Parishes
Of the diocese's 278 parishes, most are in the Province of Genoa, Liguria; the rest are in the Province of Alessandria, Piedmont. For a listing of parishes by province and commune see List of parishes of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Genoa. In 2013, there was one priest for every 1,248 Catholics; in 2016, there was one priest of every 1,364 Catholics.

Reference works for bishops

 * pp. 815–816. (Use with caution; obsolete)
 * pp. 281–282. (in Latin)
 * p. 167.
 * p. 215.
 * p. 207.
 * pp. 225–226.
 * p. 241.

Studies

 * Desimoni, Cornelio (1888). "Regesti delle lettere pontificie riguardanti la Liguria". Atti della Società Ligure di Storia Patria XIX (Genova 1888), pp. 5–146.
 * Kehr, Paul Fridolin (1914). Italia pontificia : sive, Repertorium privilegiorum et litterarum a romanis pontificibus ante annum 1598 Italiae ecclesiis, monasteriis, civitatibus singulisque personis concessorum. Vol. VI. pars ii. Berolini: Weidmann. (in Latin)
 * Lanzoni, Francesco (1927). Le diocesi d'Italia dalle origini al principio del secolo VII (an. 604). Faenza: F. Lega, pp. 834–840.
 * Desimoni, Cornelio (1888). "Regesti delle lettere pontificie riguardanti la Liguria". Atti della Società Ligure di Storia Patria XIX (Genova 1888), pp. 5–146.
 * Kehr, Paul Fridolin (1914). Italia pontificia : sive, Repertorium privilegiorum et litterarum a romanis pontificibus ante annum 1598 Italiae ecclesiis, monasteriis, civitatibus singulisque personis concessorum. Vol. VI. pars ii. Berolini: Weidmann. (in Latin)
 * Lanzoni, Francesco (1927). Le diocesi d'Italia dalle origini al principio del secolo VII (an. 604). Faenza: F. Lega, pp. 834–840.
 * Kehr, Paul Fridolin (1914). Italia pontificia : sive, Repertorium privilegiorum et litterarum a romanis pontificibus ante annum 1598 Italiae ecclesiis, monasteriis, civitatibus singulisque personis concessorum. Vol. VI. pars ii. Berolini: Weidmann. (in Latin)
 * Lanzoni, Francesco (1927). Le diocesi d'Italia dalle origini al principio del secolo VII (an. 604). Faenza: F. Lega, pp. 834–840.
 * Lanzoni, Francesco (1927). Le diocesi d'Italia dalle origini al principio del secolo VII (an. 604). Faenza: F. Lega, pp. 834–840.

title: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Genoa


text:
Kumbo

Kumbo, also known as Kimbo, is the second-largest city in the North West Province of Cameroon and the capital of Bui Division. It lies about 2000m above sea level and is situated approximately 110 km away from Bamenda (the provincial capital of the North West Province), on the Bamenda Highlands Ring Road. Kumbo has a population of 80,212 (at the 2005 Census) and is split into three distinctive hilly settlements of Tobin, Mbveh, and Squares. The town is known for horse racing (Tobin Stadium ) and traditional medicine, and also for its palace (Nso Palace), a market and two hospitals (Shisong Hospital & Banso Baptist Hospital ). Kumbo is the capital city of the Nso Kingdom of the Nso people. The lingua franca is Lamnso but Pidgin, English, Oku, Djottin, Fulfulde, French and Hausa are spoken.

History
The first German settlers were Missionaries of the Sacred Heart who arrived in 1912 and established their mission in 1913.

In recent years, Kumbo has been a battleground in the ongoing Anglophone Crisis. In May and June 2021, the Cameroonian Army carried out "Operation Bui Clean" to expel Ambazonian separatists from the city and its surroundings. The battles in Kumbo saw both sides suffer heavy casualties.

Musa Heritage Gallery (or Mus'Art Gallery)

The Musa Heritage Gallery museum also known as "The Grassfields Museum" was created in 1996, in memory of Cameroonian artists Daniel Kanjo Musa and his elder son, John, to preserve wood sculptures created by these departed artists. Over the years, Mus'Art has been expanding to diversify its collection. Among the 400 objects and works of art exhibited, visitors can admire carved masks, wood statues and other objects made by the Musas between 1970 and 2000. There are other objects collected from the grass-fields, such as traditional musical instruments, hunting gadgets, metal works, bamboo objects and pottery. Temporary exhibitions are also sometimes proposed.

Mus'Art Gallery's motto is "Discover, Learn, Preserve."

Mus’Art Gallery’s mission: -Propagate Nso’ cultural Mus’Art Gallery’s mission:heritage; -Preserve in response to the loss of the precious art objects so the art of the past is not lost to the region;

-support the arts and crafts of the Western Grass-fields of Cameroon; -highlight the excellence and diversity of regional artists, past and present, so these may become known nationally and internationally; -make the arts and crafts of this region of Cameroon known publicly in Cameroon and internationally.

During the past sixteen years the Mus'Art Gallery has been active in propagating the Nso' cultural heritage. The museum has been at the forefront of promoting Nso’ traditional artistry and craftsmanship. Mus’Art Gallery has a collection of over 400 objects most of which were created between 1970 and 2000. These varied and diverse objects range from bamboo work to wood carvings, basketry to pottery.

The museum continues to acquire contemporary Cameroonian arts and crafts while maintaining a major focus on the Western Grass-fields region. This region is internationally renowned for having produced masterpieces of African art.

Unfortunately these objects were appropriated by colonial missionaries and officers and removed from their place of origin to museums in Europe or the United States of America. Masterpieces of Grass-fields art are today in foreign museums and it is most likely they will never be returned. The statue of Ngonnso’ founder the Nso’ kingdom is kept in a museum in Germany. In Nso’ there is an outcry for this statue to be returned to its people.

The museum continues to acquire contemporary Cameroonian arts and crafts while maintaining a major focus on the Western Grass-fields region. This region is internationally renowned for having produced masterpieces of African art.

The Fon's Palace

Seat of the paramount chief of the Nso people (Sehm Mbinglo I), this place is the heart of Kumbo social and cultural life. It is composed of several traditional buildings decorated with wood carvings, around two courtyards where the Fon uses to sit and receive his people or his advisers. There is a statue of Ngonso, the legendary first queen of the Nso people. Around the palace, other traditional buildings are also decorated with wood carvings. They are the seats of the sacred societies in charge to help the Fon in his task : the Ngwerong society and the Nggiri society. A mosque was built next to them, although most of Nso people are Christians.

The Cathedral

Built in the 1950s, Kumbo Cathedral is constructed entirely from stones. The Cathedral is located at the top of the square hill, dominating the town's landscape. The Cathedral is the seat of the Bishop since its creation in 1983. The current bishop of Kumbo is George Nkuo (ordained on 8 July 2006). Prior to that, Bishop Cornelius Fontem Esua served the Diocese of Kumbo from 10 September 1982 to 7 December 2004.

Horse riding
The origin of horse racing in Kumbo was influenced by The Mbororos, a nomadic tribe of cattle breeders originally from the west and north-west Central African Republic with a settlement in the Bamenda plateau grasslands. An integral part of Mbororos culture is horse racing. Through their influence, there is a famous annual horse race which takes place at the Tobin Municipal Stadium organised by the Ministry of Youths and Sports.

The Mbve market

The Mbve market is the main market in Kumbo selling products from the region, Cameroon, Nigeria and other parts of Africa.

title: Kumbo


text:
Are You Ready (Blue Rodeo album)

Are You Ready is the tenth studio album by Blue Rodeo, released on April 5, 2005.

Track listing
All songs by Greg Keelor and Jim Cuddy.

 * 1) "Can't Help Wondering Why" - 2:55
 * 2) "Are You Ready" - 3:59
 * 3) "Rena" - 4:34
 * 4) "Up On That Cloud" - 3:33
 * 5) "I Will" - 3:35
 * 6) "Phaedra's Meadow" - 5:26
 * 7) "Runaway Train" - 4:14
 * 8) "Stuck on You" - 3:54
 * 9) "Beverley Street" - 3:25
 * 10) "Finger Lakes" - 5:07
 * 11) "Tired Of Pretending" - 6:22
 * 12) "Don't Get Angry" - 4:02

The Canadian iTunes Music Store version also features a bonus track called "Green Room".

Track trivia

 * The title track is a more upbeat version of a song that appears on Greg Keelor's second solo album, Seven Songs for Jim.
 * "Rena", the first single from the album, is named for Jim Cuddy's wife, Rena Polley. The first single off the album, it has been described as "a sonic return to [the band's] Casino-era roots".
 * Paddy Moloney of The Chieftains plays tin whistle and Uilleann pipes on "Phaedra's Meadow".
 * "Runaway Train" mentions The Sleeping Giant, a geological formation near Thunder Bay, Ontario.
 * "Beverley Street" was originally intended for Diamond Mine, but the band had forgotten about it long ago. They relearned of its existence only in 2004, thanks to some friends who had bootlegged a concert featuring this song and performed their own version for bassist Bazil Donovan. The song itself references Beverley Street in Toronto, a north-south street that starts at Queen Street West and extends north to College Street, where it turns into St. George Street.
 * The "Finger Lakes" referred to in the song are a group of 11 long, narrow lakes in upstate New York. Jim Cuddy has often said at concerts that the song is at least partially based on his relationship with his father.
 * This is the last studio album to have James Gray on keyboards

Personnel

 * Jim Cuddy: Vocals, Guitar, Piano, Pump Organ
 * Bazil Donovan: Bass
 * Bob Egan: Pedal Steel Guitar, National Steel Guitar
 * James Gray: Piano, Organ
 * Greg Keelor: Vocals, Guitar, Piano
 * Glenn Milchem: Drums, 12 String Guidulcimer, Shaker

Additional musicians/personnel
 * Bryden Baird: Trumpet
 * Joao Carvalho: Mastering
 * Patrick Duffy: Design, Illustrations
 * Chris Shreenan-Dyck: Producer, Engineer, Mixing
 * Travis Good: Guitar (Acoustic), Mandolin, Guitar (Electric)
 * Paddy Moloney: Uilleann pipes, Tin Whistle
 * Bronwin Parks: Design, Illustrations

title: Are You Ready (Blue Rodeo album)


text:
Talk:Rice Krispies Treats

Stub?
Is this article a stub?
 * Yes. Geschichte (talk) 11:01, 23 May 2010 (UTC)

Recipe
I removed this recipe from the article as I believed it wasn't encyclapedic fare but if anyones intrested or wants to put this somewhere else here it is.

''The recipe:

3 tablespoons butter

40 large marshmallows or 4 cups miniature marshmallows

6 cups rice krispies cereal

1. Melt butter in large saucepan over low heat. Add marshmallows. Continually stir until completely melted. Remove from heat.

2. Add rice krispies cereal. Fold until well coated.

3. Pour mixture into 13 x 9 x 2-inch pan lined with waxed paper.

4. Lay another piece of waxed paper on top of mixture and press into pan with your hands or a small ramekin. Cut into 2-inch squares when cool.'' Deathawk 22:21, 29 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I have no idea about licensing, but perhaps put it up on wikcommons and link to it from here? --Arran4 07:12, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

Nutrition Facts
How about nutrition facts? Are they generally considered non-encyclopedic in nature?
 * --Jimbojw 12:14, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

I would imagine nutrition facts would be considered non-encyclopedic -- especially considering that serving size, contents, and the nutrition facts of the component parts are likely to change over time. 71.77.9.200 (talk) 05:47, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

History
Who invented rice crispy treats? When is the first published account of said ambrosia? Funkyj 02:27, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

Added history~ Shaojian 14:37 23 May 2006 (UTC)

Also, see Conflicting Information section below 71.77.9.200 (talk) 05:42, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

Cereal
what about that actual krispies treats cereal they produced for a while? It was damn good, though every 16th piece or so would be rock hard.

That cereal rocked. But in fact I think it's still going, I had some about a year ago *does research* Blahmicho 00:43, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

Confirmed, it's still out there. Got some info on it, I'm goanna put a new section in the article. Blahmicho 00:43, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

Okay, enw section made. Feel free to reword it, but all the informations correct and referenced. Blahmicho 00:43, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

Conflicting Information
There seems to be a debate over who actually invented the rice krispie treats. The Kellog's website mentions a Mary Barber inventing them in 1939. But the Rice Krispies wiki page says that a Kellog's employee named Mildred Day concocted and published the recipe in 1941. 68.48.57.75 (talk) 05:20, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

The wiki page cites an article which seems to mention the creation of Rice Krispie treats only in passing. As the article itself is not focused around the origins of the Treat and the corporate source for the Treat cited in the Mildred Day version I updated the wiki to point to the information as officially distributed by Kellogg's. I figure that if their employee invented it under both origin stories, their information is most likely accurate. 71.77.9.200 (talk) 05:44, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

Baron Von Krispie
Someone had put in some pretty obvious joke text referring to Baron Von Krispie and the "Bavarian Rice Krispie Purity Law", which I have removed. It was funny, but not appropriate for an article intended to be factual. 118.90.39.0 (talk) 08:59, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

Sachima?
Is there any particular reason this page links to Sachima, or vice-versa?--MythicFox (talk) 13:01, 19 September 2008 (UTC)
 * No, removed from both. They could feasibly be in the same category, or different sub-divisions of one, but are certainly not similar enough to be "See also" cousins.  Dei z  talk 09:20, 21 September 2008 (UTC)it originates from austrailia and germany

Move?
Shouldn't this article be titled "Rice Krispies treat"? That's how Kellogg spells it on the list of Rice Krispies products and the official recipe. --Damian Yerrick (talk | stalk) 00:37, 26 November 2008 (UTC)
 * A week and a half later, I boldly go. --Damian Yerrick (talk | stalk) 15:55, 7 December 2008 (UTC)

Tyler Day?
The text explains Mildred Day, creator of rice krispies as Tyler Day's grandmother. I dont see how this is relevant, as as far as I know, Tyler Day isnt famous. --MADaboutforests 23:29, 18 April 2009 (UTC)
 * It was vandalism. I've since removed it. Tyler Day was probably either the editor who made the change or a friend. -Platypus Man | Talk 05:22, 22 April 2009 (UTC)

Does anyone else call them Rice KrispIE Treats? (Even tough that's not the "Official" name? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 132.235.156.23 (talk) 16:49, 28 February 2010 (UTC)

Rice crispies treats cereal
I added the section about rice crispies treats back, after a 3 year absence. The person who removed it apparently thought it should be on the rice crispies cereal page. BUT since the cereal is based off of the treats, and is now much harder to find than in the 90's, I see no reason why it can't be mentioned on both pages. Besides, there is literally no information about it on the rice crispies article, other than listing it's name. SO I am adding this section back for now, and hopefully will be able to post info about this forgotten cereal on either page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.98.250.155 (talk) 02:16, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rice Krispies Treats


text:
Jim Pattison Group

The Jim Pattison Group is a Canadian conglomerate based in Vancouver. In a recent survey by the Financial Post, the firm was ranked as Canada's 62nd largest company. Jim Pattison, a Vancouver-based entrepreneur, is the chairman, CEO, and sole owner of the company. The Jim Pattison Group, Canada's second largest privately held company, has more than 45,000 employees worldwide, and annual sales of $10.1 billion based on investments in Canada, the U.S., Mexico, Europe, Asia and Australia. The Group is active in 25 divisions, according to Forbes, including packaging, food, forestry products.

In early 2022, the 93-year-old Pattison was still working full-time. According to Forbes, his net worth then was $5.7 billion, having increased substantially from the $2.1 billion reported in March 2009. In September 2020, a news item stated that "Jim Pattison Group Inc. had $10.9 billion in revenue and employed 48,000 people".

History
The Jim Pattison Group was created on May 8, 1961, when Pattison purchased a General Motors automobile dealership by borrowing $40,000 from the Royal Bank of Canada, and placing his home and life insurance policy with the bank as collateral.

In 1965, The Jim Pattison Group was awarded a license to operate Vancouver AM radio station CJOR. The group then acquired Neon Products (Vancouver) & Seaboard Outdoor Advertising in 1967, Overwaitea Foods (Vancouver) in 1968, and Provincial News (Edmonton) in 1969. The real estate arm of the group was created in 1980. The Jim Pattison Group acquired British Columbia Magazine, Canadian Fishing Company in 1984, and Ripley's Believe It or Not! in 1985.

In 1990, the group acquired Foodservice Packaging Group, Flexible Packaging Group, and Coroplast and Montebello Packaging. The following year, the group launched its financial services division. The Jim Pattison Group acquired Westshore Terminals (B.C.-based coal-export terminal facility) in 1994, Buy-Low Foods in 1995, and launched Select Media Services. In 1999, the group acquired Cooper's Foods.

The Ripley's Aquarium opened in Myrtle Beach, SC, and Ripley's Aquarium of The Smokies, Gatlinburg, TN opened in 2000. In 2001, the group acquired Monarch Broadcasting and Van-Whole Produce, and started ProLogix Distribution Services and AccuLogix Distribution Services the following year. Ever Corp. was acquired in 2002 and LIN PAC Inc. in 2003. In 2004, the Jim pattison Group acquired Classic Attractions (Texas), St. Augustine Sightseeing Trains (Florida), Maltese Signs (Norcross, GA), the auto lease business of Cross-Canada Car Leasing Limited (Toronto, ON), and the periodical distribution companies in San Jose and Chico, CA.

October 29, 2013, Pattison became an insider of the Just Energy Group, a publicly traded corporation on both the Toronto Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange, by taking possession of more than 14 million shares (over 10% of the company's shares outstanding).
 * 2005 – Acquired control of Icicle Seafoods (BC.) Inc.
 * Acquired Freeway Dodge Chrysler
 * Acquired Spartech Corporation's corrugated plastic sheet business
 * Started the Vancouver edition of 24 Hours (in partnership with Quebecor Media)
 * Formed or purchased interests in several US and Canadian joint ventures in the periodical industry
 * Employees: 28,000 Sales: $6.1 billion
 * 2006 – Acquired Carthage Cup, Carthage, TX
 * Acquired Creative Outdoor Ads, Halifax, Nova Scotia
 * Acquired Island Radio Ltd.'s six FM stations on Vancouver Island
 * Acquired OK Radio Group Ltd.'s two FM stations in Victoria, BC
 * Acquired A&W Fixtures, Cocoa, Florida
 * Started Great Pacific Bank Limited, Warrens, Barbados
 * 2007 – Disposed of interest in the Vancouver 24 Hours
 * 2008 – Acquired Guinness World Records from HIT Entertainment
 * 2009 – Funded the Peak Performance Project
 * 2010 – Acquired Amc Billboard Co
 * 2011 – Acquired Ocean Brands
 * 2013 – Acquired Sun-Rype
 * 2014 – Purchased 5 John Deere Dealerships in Saskatchewan.
 * 2015 – Employees: 39,000 Sales: $8.2 billion
 * 2015 – Purchased Peterbilt Pacific Dealerships
 * 2017 – Amalgamated JayDee AGTECH and Maple Farm Equipment John Deere Dealerships as one company, Pattison Agriculture with 17 locations across Saskatchewan and Manitoba
 * 2017 – Took controlling interest (March 23, 2017) of Quality Foods with 13 locations across Vancouver Island, British Columbia
 * 2017 – Acquired Choices Markets from the Lockhart family to be operated as a division of Buy-Low Foods LP
 * 2019 – Sold Sun-Rype to Lassonde Industries for C$80 million in an all-cash deal. As well, in announcing the sale, it was reported that Sun-Rype had C$164 million in gross sales for their fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, and C$9 million in EBITDA.
 * 2020 – acquired remaining magazine and book distribution business not previously held in Canada from Metro360 for $925,000. The News Group is the only major distributor of periodicals in Canada.
 * 2024 - acquired Northern California-based grocer Save Mart Companies which includes Save Mart, Lucky, and FoodMaxx stores; Yosemite Wholesale; and the office division of Save Mart.

Divisions
Some of the more significant divisions of the Jim Pattison Group include:

Illuminated Signs

 * Pattison Sign Group

Pattison Food Group

 * The Overwaitea Food Group
 * Bulkley Valley Wholesale
 * Coopers Foods
 * Everything Wine
 * More Rewards
 * PriceSmart Foods
 * Save-On-Foods
 * Urban Fare
 * Buy-Low Foods LP
 * Choices Markets
 * Nesters Markets
 * Meinhardt Fine Foods
 * Nature’s Fare
 * Canadian Fishing Company
 * Quality Foods
 * Roth's Fresh Markets
 * Save Mart Supermarkets
 * FoodMaxx
 * Lucky California

Television stations

 * Kamloops, British Columbia – CFJC-TV, Citytv affiliate
 * Medicine Hat, Alberta – CHAT-TV, Citytv affiliate
 * Prince George, British Columbia – CKPG-TV, Citytv affiliate

Radio stations

 * Brandon, Manitoba - CKLF-FM, CKLQ-FM,
 * Calgary, Alberta – CKWD-FM, CKCE-FM
 * Chilliwack, British Columbia – CHWK-FM
 * Courtenay/Comox/Campbell River, British Columbia – CKLR-FM
 * Cranbrook, British Columbia – CHBZ-FM, CHDR-FM
 * Drayton Valley/Rocky Mountain House, Alberta – CIBW-FM, CHBW-FM
 * Edmonton, Alberta – CIUP-FM, CKNO-FM
 * Fernie, British Columbia – CJDR-FM
 * Grande Prairie, Alberta – CJXX-FM, CIKT-FM
 * Kamloops, British Columbia – CKBZ-FM, CIFM-FM
 * Kelowna, British Columbia – CKQQ-FM, CKLZ-FM, CKOV-FM
 * Lethbridge, Alberta – CHLB-FM, CJBZ-FM
 * Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan – CJNS-FM
 * Medicine Hat, Alberta – CHAT-FM, CFMY-FM
 * Melfort, Saskatchewan – CJVR-FM, CKJH
 * Merritt, British Columbia – CKMQ-FM
 * Nanaimo, British Columbia – CHWF-FM, CKWV-FM
 * North Battleford, Saskatchewan – CJNB, CJCQ-FM, CJHD-FM
 * Parksville/Qualicum Beach, British Columbia – CHPQ-FM, CIBH-FM
 * Port Alberni, British Columbia – CJAV-FM
 * Prince Albert, Saskatchewan – CFMM-FM, CHQX-FM, CKBI
 * Prince George, British Columbia – CKDV-FM, CKKN-FM
 * Red Deer, Alberta – CHUB-FM, CFDV-FM
 * Vancouver, British Columbia – CJJR-FM, CKPK-FM
 * Vernon, British Columbia – CJIB-FM
 * Victoria, British Columbia – CJZN-FM, CKKQ-FM
 * Whitecourt, Alberta – CIXM-FM
 * Winnipeg, Manitoba – CHNW-FM, CFQX-FM

Other media properties

 * Pattison Outdoor Advertising – the largest domestic Out-of-Home advertising company in Canada, with a 41% market share of all traditional out-of-home advertising displays

Periodical Distribution

 * The News Group, North America's largest newspaper and magazine distributor; in November 2018, the company agreed to sell this group, and its entire United States magazine distribution business to American News Company, LLC. The Canadian periodicals division of The News Group, as well as the Non-Periodical's portion of The News Group remains a division of the Jim Pattison Group.
 * Select Media Services

Entertainment

 * Ripley Entertainment – Owners of the Ripley's Believe It or Not! franchise
 * Guinness World Records

Dealerships

 * Jim Pattison Audi
 * Audi Edmonton North
 * Jim Pattison Chrysler, Jeep, Dodge, Ram, and ProMaster
 * Jim Pattison Chrysler Jeep Dodge Surrey
 * Jim Pattison Hyundai
 * Jim Pattison Hyundai Coquitlam
 * Jim Pattison Hyundai Northshore
 * Jim Pattison Hyundai Surrey
 * Jim Pattison Lexus
 * Jim Pattison Lexus Northshore
 * Jim Pattison Lexus Victoria
 * Jim Pattison Subaru
 * Jim Pattison Subaru Coquitlam
 * Jim Pattison Subaru Northshore
 * Jim Pattison Subaru Victoria
 * Jim Pattison Subaru on Regent
 * Jim Pattison Subaru South
 * Jim Pattison Toyota
 * Jim Pattison Toyota Downtown
 * Jim Pattison Toyota Northshore
 * Jim Pattison Toyota Surrey
 * Jim Pattison Toyota Victoria
 * Jim Pattison Toyota Duncan
 * Jim Pattison Toyota on Regent
 * Canyon Creek Toyota Calgary
 * Jim Pattison Volkswagen
 * Jim Pattison Volkswagen Surrey
 * Jim Pattison Volvo
 * Jim Pattison Volvo of North Vancouver
 * Jim Pattison Volvo of Surrey
 * Jim Pattison Acura
 * Campus Acura
 * Jim Pattison Honda
 * Campus Honda.
 * Jim Pattison Infiniti
 * Campus Infiniti
 * Jim Pattison Nissan
 * Campus Nissan
 * Campus Auto Group
 * North Surrey Auto Mall

Body Shops

 * Jim Pattison Auto Body & Glass Surrey
 * Jim Pattison Toyota Surrey Auto Body & Glass
 * Jim Pattison Collision & Glass

Jim Pattison Lease

 * Canada's largest privately owned fleet management and leasing company.

The Jim Pattison Packaging Group

 * GenPak – independent supplier of disposable food service packaging in the US and Canada.
 * Coroplast – manufacturer and marketer of corrugated plastic sheet for the graphics and re-usable packaging industries
 * Montebello Packaging – manufacturer of collapsible aluminum and laminate tubes, marker tubes, and rigid aluminum aerosol cans

Export and Financial Services

 * Westshore Terminals – Canadian coal export facility and the largest dry bulk terminal on the West Coast of the Americas

title: Jim Pattison Group


text:
Buea

Buea is the capital of the Southwest Region of Cameroon. The city is located in Fako Division, on the eastern slopes of Mount Cameroon, and has a population of about 800.000 inhabitants as of 2023. It has two Government Hotels, the Mountain Hotel and Parliamentarian Flats Hotel located around The Government Residential Area.

History

Buea, originally "bue", was founded by a hunter who came from the Bomboko area. Coming from the Bomboko side of the mountain, he named the new-found land in amazement as "a Bue", meaning literally a "son of bué". A prominent King of the tikar clashes with German troops during invasion. Resistance remain popular folklore; currently ruled by the Endeleys. Tea growing is an important local industry, especially in Tole. Buea was the colonial capital of German Kamerun from 1901 to 1919, the capital of the Southern Cameroons from 1949 until 1961 and the capital of West Cameroon until 1972, when Ahmadou Ahidjo abolished the Federation of Cameroon. The German colonial administration in Buea was temporarily suspended during the eruption of Mount Cameroon from 28 April until June 1909. Originally, Buea's population consisted mainly of the Bakweri people. However, owing to its status as a university town and the regional capital, there are significant numbers of other ethnic groups.

Ambazonian secession
In September 2017, the Federal Republic of Ambazonia declared its independence from Cameroon, with Buea as its claimed capital. In late-June 2018, the Ambazonia Defence Forces began approaching Buea, and on 29 June they invaded the Mile 16 neighborhood. On 1 July, separatists invaded the Muea neighborhood and battled Cameroonian troops.

Notable institutions
Buea hosts the University of Buea, Cameroon's first anglophone university. It is the site of several other higher institutes of learning, including St Francis Schools of Nursing and Midwifery presently known as Biaka University Institute of Buea (BUIB) and one of Cameroon's three Catholic universities.

A handful of colonial era buildings are surviving, notably the palatial former residence of the German governor Jesko von Puttkamer. Other German colonial buildings are still standing, but some of them suffer from lack of maintenance and old age.

The Nigerian Consulate in anglophone Cameroon and the main operational hub of the Naigahelp medical aid organisation are in Buea.

Buea hosts an annex of the National Archives of Cameroon, whose main location is Yaoundé. Next door to the annex is the Cameroon Press Photo Archive, which has been permanently closed since 2001.

Economy
The economy of Buea is heavily influenced by its status as a technology hub. Many young people come to the town to study at the University of Buea, and this has created a thriving environment for experimentation, innovation and risk-taking. As a result, the town has become a hotspot for startups, particularly in the technology sector.

The University of Buea's influence has also attracted investors to the town, leading to the establishment of various tech incubators and hubs. For instance, LimbeLabs, which was founded around 2006–2008, was a precursor to ActivSpaces, one of the leading tech hubs in the country. ActivSpaces was launched in 2009 by Ebot Tabi, Bill Zimmerman, Valery Colong, Otto Akama, and Fua Tse. The hub currently has Rebecca Enonchong as Chairman.

Buea's status as a technology hub has also had a positive impact on the town's tourism industry. Mount Cameroon is a popular attraction for tourists, and the town's proximity to the mountain has made it a preferred destination for visitors who want to explore the mountain and its surroundings.

In addition, the town's small size makes it easy to meet and connect with people. It also has considerably light traffic congestion, which makes it easy to move around the town quickly. The proximity of Buea to Douala, which has the largest seaport and the international airport, has also made it an attractive location for businesses.

Transport
Transportation to Buea is possible by land with the use of transport buses or private cars. Within Buea, the primary means of transportation are taxis. The closest airport is the Tiko Airport, however due to its lack of activity and proper infrastructure management, the Douala International Airport (DLA), is the closest.

Limbe was served by a gauge plantation railway to Limbe, of the West African Planting Society Victoria.

Geography
About 300,000 people live in Buea (including the villages of Bokwaongo, Muea; Bomaka; Tole; Mile 16 (Bolifamba); Mile 17; Mile 15; Mile 14 (Dibanda); Bova; Bonjongo; Likombe; Buasa; Great Soppo; Molyko; Small Soppo; Bwitingi; Mile 18 (Wonyamavio); Lower farms; Bokwai; Bonduma; Sandpit, Wonyamongo, Bulu; Bokova and surrounding villages).

Climate
Buea has a subtropical highland climate (Cfb) closely bordering on a tropical rainforest climate (Af). Because of its location at the foot of Mount Fako, the climate in Buea tends to be humid, with the neighbourhoods at higher elevations enjoying cooler temperatures while the lower neighbourhoods experience a hotter climate. Extended periods of rainfall, characterized by incessant drizzle, which can last for weeks, are common during the rainy season as are damp fogs, rolling off the mountain into the town below.

Buea is made-up of a tropical monsoon climate with an average temperature of 80° high and 63° low, with the hottest month being February and the coldest August. It has an average monthly rainfall of 14.7 inches.

Notable people

 * Victor Anomah Ngu (born 1926, died 2011), Professor of Surgery, Minister of Public Health
 * Martin Zachary Njeuma (born 1940, died 2010), historian
 * Kurt Raaflaub (born 1941, died 2023), historian
 * Dorothy L. Njeuma (born 1943), professor of Genetics and Embryology, politician
 * Sarah Etonge (born 1967), fell runner
 * Julius Akosah (born 1982), professional footballer
 * Daphne (born 1989), singer
 * Onyama Laura (born 1992), actress
 * Clinton N'Jie (born 1993), professional footballer
 * Nsang Dilong (born 1994), actress, model and social worker
 * Robert Ndip Tambe (born 1994), professional footballer
 * Nelvie Tiafack (born 1999), professional boxer

title: Buea


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Wilfried Derksen

Wilfried Derksen
final (22/0/2) ending 17:55 20 April 2005 (UTC)

Excellent user. He made huge bunch of articles about politics. He made about 11911 edits since May 2004. I believe, that he will be a good admin. -- Darwinek 17:55, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * ''I accept. Wilfried Derksen = Electionworld 07:36, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Support
 * 1) Strong support. -- Darwinek 17:56, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Support - On balance, I think this user's contributions are overwhelmingly positive. At one time I was a bit irritated by what I thought were superfluous prefaces added to articles about every political party he could find, defining what a political party is, but as I've seen more of his work, I've realized that this is a user that we need to see more of.  By the way, he's a Dutch politician - the only professional politician that I've seen in Wikipedia, and as such brings much-needed inside knowledge of the political field. David Cannon 21:23, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) (''BTW: I am not a professional politican by profession, but am and was an elected official inside resp. an European political party (Bureau member ELDR) and a Dutch party (international secretary D66. Wilfried Derksen = Electionworld 07:52, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC))
 * 3) ugen 64 02:00, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Support. Dbiv 08:26, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) M e r o v i n g i a n  (t) (c) 14:10, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Support. This should be no big deal. JuntungWu 14:17, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) support. Kingturtle 15:43, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) —Charles P. (Mirv) 18:59, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) I do agree you're a great user. But, you see the rectangular box that says "edit summary" below the edit box? I cannot support you until you put information in there for most of your edits. --Lst27  ( t a l k )  22:00, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) Ok. Sounds good enough to me. --Lst27  ( t a l k )  23:24, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) Strange... I'm agreeing almost word for word with Everyking... It's a pity though, because other than the edit summaries Wilfried seems to be a very fine editor. Given Wilfried Derksen's assurance that he will start using edit summaries, I'm changing my vote. (Hm - I'm trusting a politician here :)  Grutness|hello? [[Image:Grutness.jpg|25px|]] 23:34, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Support. Productive editor.-gadfium 23:56, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 12) Edit summaries are important, they save people on RC patrol a lot of time. I'm not going to oppose such a good user for this reason alone, but at this time a cannot support either. If this small matter is fixed I will most definitely support next time. In light of the assurances made by Wilfried, I am now willing to support. Rje 01:35, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * 13) Excellent user, but I find the lack of edit summaries very disturbing. Zzyzx11 | Talk 23:26, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) . Wilfried Derksen assured that he will use edit summaries more, so therefore I will support him. Zzyzx11 | Talk 01:38, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 14) Support. A fine editor who will be made finer with the keys to the kingdom! - Lucky 6.9 03:28, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 15) Support – He has shown his suitability by making a conscious effort to improve himself and the quality of his contributions. – ClockworkSoul 18:24, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 16) Support. Edit summaries are handy and to some extent important, but I can't condone witholding adminship from an otherwise-great editor on that basis alone. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  18:50, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * 17) Support, though I suggest sticking to one username instead of having one username redirect to the other to avoid potential confusion. --Jiang 04:44, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 18) Support. No substantial reason to oppose. Slac  speak up!  04:02, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 19) Instantnood 08:57, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * 20) Supporte. Guettarda 14:34, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 21) Support, looks like a good user, and I like his emphasis on neutrality. Sam Spade 15:10, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 22) Support. I haven't met up with this user often, but my experiences have been positive. Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy)  23:04, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Oppose

Neutral
 * See my reaction above. I will change the way I edit and select minor when suitable and I will fill in edit summaries, especially when it is not a minor edit. Wilfried Derksen = Electionworld 13:57, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Complete lack of edit summaries. What I can judge are edits related to Czech Republic and these are acceptable. I really think controversial topics should be supported by edit summaries so people on RC won't waste their time sniffing vandal. Occasional use of minor edit checbox should also make no harm. Pavel Vozenilek 19:09, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * With promise above (and latest edits) I changed my opinion to support. Pavel Vozenilek 21:04, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * 1) I'm pretty slack about edit summaries too, so I can't really blame him for that, but not marking minor edits seems weird, and gives a false impression of doing more work than one actually has. Occasionally I'll make a minor edit and accidentally forget to check the box and then feel a little guilty. I can't imagine never using it at all. Everyking 12:50, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Because of my own interest in politics, I'd like to support, but as I've not encounted the user and out of concern for the statements re lack of edit summaries, I cannot at this time. But I won't oppose him either.  PedanticallySpeaking 15:08, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)

Comments
 * Wilfried Derksen currently has 11914 total edits: 9394/379 to articles/talk, 929/25 to Template/talk, 698/10 to Category/talk, 288/99 to User/talk, and 84/8 to Wikipedia/talk. —Korath (Talk) 09:00, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * I would concentrate on the work I am doing now, that would mean building sections on politics and doing in that field the normal RC work.
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * I am very found of the development of the article on Liberalism, very difficult to keep it neutral and giving information on American and non-American liberalism..
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and will deal with it in the future?
 * There were some conflicts on templates or categories, but they were solved in a consensus way.