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E. H. Sothern

Edward Hugh Sothern (December 6, 1859 – October 28, 1933) was an American actor who specialized in dashing, romantic leading roles and particularly in Shakespeare roles.

Biography
Sothern was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of English actor E. A. Sothern and his wife Frances Emily "Fannie" Stewart (d. 1882). Sothern was educated in England at St Marylebone Grammar School. His brothers and sister all became actors: Lytton Edward Sothern (1851–1887); George Evelyn Augustus T. Sothern (1864–1920), who used the stage name Sam Sothern; and Eva Mary Sothern.

Early career and Lyceum years
Sothern's father had encouraged pursuits other than the stage, but Sothern had already caught the acting bug. His first professional acting appearance was in 1879 as the cabman in an American revival of Brother Sam, a show written by John Oxenford in 1862 for his father, and in which his father played the lead. After playing in Boston and touring in the U.S., he sailed for England, making his London debut in 1881 on a double bill as Mr. Sharpe in False Colours and Marshley Bittern in Out of the Hunt. The next year, he played Arthur Spoonbill in Fourteen Days and then toured in Britain with Charles Wyndham's company.

In 1883, he returned to the U.S. and toured first with John McCullough and then Helen Barry. Back in New York, in 1884, he played Eliphaz Tresham in The Fatal Letter, Melchizidec Flighty in Whose Are They?, which he wrote himself, and in Nita's First. The next year, he was Alfred Vane in Favette, Knolly in Mona, John in In Chancery and Jules in A Moral Climate. He was hired by Charles and Daniel Frohman in the stock company of the old Lyceum Theatre in New York, where he starred as a leading man for the next twelve years. He made a hit as the lovesick auctioneer in the romantic comedy The Highest Bidder (1887). He was especially known for his heroic portrayal of Rudolph Rassendyl in the first stage adaptation of The Prisoner of Zenda, by Anthony Hope, which he first played in 1895. The role made him a star. In 1896, Sothern married actress Virginia Harned.

After he left the Lyceum, he continued in romantic roles in New York. In 1899, he played d'Artagnan in The King's Musketeer, and in 1900 he played Heinrich in The Sunken Bell and Sir Geoffrey Bloomfield in Drifting Apart. For several years, Sothern dreamed of mounting a spectacular and precise production of Hamlet. He finally opened the play in New York in 1900, but during the first week, he was stabbed in the foot by Laertes' sword and was stricken with blood poisoning, closing the production. After he recovered, he revived the piece on tour, but the sets and costumes were destroyed by a fire in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1901, he played the title role in Richard Lovelace and then François Villon in If I Were King. In 1903, he played the title role in Markheim and Robert, the King of Sicily, in The Proud Prince, after which he toured again.

Marlowe and later years
In 1904, he began an extremely successful partnership with actress Julia Marlowe, beginning with their appearances as the title roles in Romeo and Juliet, Beatrice and Benedick in Much Ado About Nothing, and the leads in Hamlet. They toured all over the U.S. in these plays, adding The Taming of the Shrew, The Merchant of Venice and Twelfth Night to their repertoire in 1905. Unhappy with their compensation from their manager, Charles Frohman, they continued under the management of the Shubert Brothers, from then on receiving a percentage of the profits. In 1906, together with Marlowe, he played the Duc d'Alençon in Percy MacKaye's Jeanne d'Arc, the title role in Sudermann's John the Baptist and Heinrich in The Sunken Bell, receiving favorable reviews: "He plays the idealist thoughtfully and intelligently.... He plays it with a fire and enthusiasm that approach closely to genius." By this time, Marlowe and Sothern were known as the premier Shakespearean actors in their day. Sothern was particularly admired as Benedick and Malvolio.

After another season in New York and then on tour, Sothern, Marlowe and their company crossed the Atlantic to play in London. They were unable to attract audiences in England, however, and returned to America after a season. Back in the U.S., they presented Shakespeare at affordable prices at the Academy of Music in New York, allowing audiences to see the performances who had not previously been able to afford their productions. Marlowe and Sothern dissolved their company and formed separate companies for a time. Sothern played Raskolnikov in Laurence Irving's adaptation of Crime and Punishment, entitled The Fool Hath Said in His Heart. He also starred in Hamlet and If I were King, as well as playing Lord Dundreary, his father's famous role, in Our American Cousin. Also in 1908, he played the title role in Paul Kester's adaptation of Don Quixote that was written especially for him. In 1909, he played the title role in Richelieu.

At the end of 1909, Sothern and Marlowe reunited in Antony and Cleopatra at the New Theatre in New York under the direction of Louis Calvert. In 1910 they toured in Macbeth, receiving enthusiastic notices and bringing the production to New York, where it was a hit. They then continued to tour their Shakespearean repertoire, also playing special performances of the plays for children at schools. Sothern divorced Harned to marry Marlowe in 1911. In 1914, Sothern played the title character in Charlemagne, and the next year he played Jeffery Panton in The Two Virtues and Dundreary in Lord Dundreary. In 1916, he played the title character in David Garrick, a role that his father had created. Sothern appeared in several early films, including The Chattel (1916) and The Man of Mystery (1917). He also wrote about a dozen plays that he appeared in, although most of them are lost.

After more touring with Marlowe in Shakespeare, the two brought their production of The Merchant of Venice to New York in 1921. Soon afterwards, Marlowe's health was failing, and she retired in 1924, although she lived until 1950. In 1925, Sothern played Edmund de Verron in Accused, and in 1926, he played Tiburtius in What Never Dies. In 1928, he began to lecture about Shakespeare on successful speaking tours, continuing on the lecture circuit until his death in 1933. He and Marlowe had homes in Luxor, Egypt and Lausanne, Switzerland.

Sothern died in New York City at the Plaza Hotel, of pneumonia, in 1933 at the age of 73 and was cremated.

title: E. H. Sothern


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User talk:HokkienMee

Welcome!

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title: User talk:HokkienMee


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Anton Tomaž Linhart

Anton Tomaž Linhart (December 11, 1756 – July 14, 1795) was a Carniolan playwright and historian, best known as the author of the first comedy and theatrical play in general in Slovene, Županova Micka (Micka, the Mayor's Daughter). He is also considered the father of Slovene historiography, since he was the first historian to write a history of all Slovenes as a unit, rejecting the previous concept which focused on single historical provinces. He was the first one to define the Slovenes as a separate ethnic group and set the foundations of Slovene ethnography.

Biography

Linhart was born in the Upper Carniolan town of Radovljica, at the time part of the Habsburg monarchy, and baptized Thomas Antonius Leanhorht. His father Wenceslaus was a Czech hosiery manufacturer who had moved to Carniola from Bohemia. Linhart's mother, Theresia née Kunstl, died when he was nine years old, and his father then married Agnes Kappus on June 8, 1767. His stepmother was a Carniolan (Slovenian) noblewoman from the family Kappus (also Kapus) von Pichelstein, a prosperous family which had for centuries lived at Kamna Gorica in Upper Carniola, where the family owned an iron foundry and an iron mine since the late Middle Ages, perhaps since the 12th century. Marcus Antonius Kappus von Pichelstein (1657–1717), worked as a Jesuit missionary in Sonora (i.e., the border region between today's United States and Mexico). From there he wrote letters to his friends in Vienna and to his relatives in Carniola In these letters he described discoveries made by research expeditions in Arizona and California and described living conditions, climate etc. Carolus Josephus Kappus von Pichelstein, a nephew of Marcus Antonius, was member of the Academia Operosorum, which was founded in Ljubljana in 1693 after the example of similar academies in Italy. Vladimir Kapus von Pichelstein (1885–1943), a Slovene writer and publisher, was also from the Kapus family.

Linhart attended primary school in his home town and then went to Ljubljana. He studied trade and finance in Vienna. Before finishing his studies, he also spent a short time in the Stična monastery in Lower Carniola. After returning to Ljubljana, he was hired as an archivist by the bishop of Ljubljana. He later also worked as a chief book revisor, school commissioner, ending up as secretary in the Habsburg administration of the district of Carniola.

In 1786, he was appointed school commissioner for the district of Ljubljana. Within three years of his appointment he increased the number of primary schools in the rural areas of the district from 9 to 18. He was also very keen on establishing a central public study library in Ljubljana and it was on his initiatives that the Lyceum Library in Ljubljana, the predecessor of the present National and University Library of Slovenia.

From the early 1780s on, Linhart began frequenting a circle of Slovene enlighteners who met in the Zois Mansion in Ljubljana. There, he met several intellectuals, including Sigmund Zois, Valentin Vodnik, Jernej Kopitar, Jurij Japelj and others, in whose company he developed an interest in Slovene language, culture, and history. He wrote two plays in Slovene and then began a project to write the first comprehensive history of the Slovene Lands but did not finish it. He unexpectedly died in Ljubljana on the night of July 14, 1795, around midnight, from aortic aneurysm. He has a tombstone in the Navje memorial park in Ljubljana, alongside other important personalities of Slovene history, but it is not certain that he has been indeed buried there.

Work
His first literary work, written while still studying, was a book of poems titled Blumen aus Krain (Flowers from Carniola), written in German. His first tragedy Miss Jenny Love (also in German) was published in 1780. Under the influence of Slovene enlighteners, especially Marko Pohlin and Sigmund Zois, he began writing in Slovene. He translated and adapted the comedy of the German dramatist Joseph Richter Die Feldmühle (The Country Mill). His title for it was Županova Micka (Micka, the Mayor's Daughter). It is regarded as the first comedy and theatrical play in Slovene and was premiered on December 28, 1789. He also adapted Beaumarchais's comedy The Marriage of Figaro into a new play Ta veseli dan ali Matiček se ženi (This Merry Day or Matiček's Wedding).

As a historian he wrote a two-volumed work in German Versuch einer Geschichte von Krain und der übrigen südlichen Slaven Oesterreichs (An Essay on the History of Carniola and Other Austrian South Slavs). The first volume was published in 1788 and describes the proto-Slavic era. The second, titled Versuch einer Geschichte von Krain und den übrigen Ländern der südlichen Slaven Oesterreichs (An Essay on the History of Carniola and Other Lands of the Austrian South Slavs) was published in 1791. It deals with the age of migrations, the Slavic settlement in the Eastern Alps and later political development of the Slovene people, starting from Samo realm and Carantania.

Linhart's historical work, strongly influenced by the ideas of the German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder, had an important influence for the development of the Slovene national consciousness in the early 19th century. In this work, he was the first to define the Slovenes as a separate branch of the Slavic peoples with its common history. In his Essay, he was the first to define the Slovenes as a separate branch of the Slavic people. With it, he also established the linguistic unity of the Slovene ethnic territory and set the foundations of the Slovene ethnography.

Views
Linhart was an adherent of the Enlightenment worldview. He was a deist and was critical towards the privileges of the nobility and the Church. Initially, he had a favourable opinion of the reforms of the Emperor Joseph II, but he was critical of his centralist policies as well as of his neglect of the various regional languages in the Habsburg Empire.

Linhart was one of the first supporters of Austroslavism, a political program aiming to achieve a cultural and political emancipation of Slavic peoples within the Austrian Empire.

title: Anton Tomaž Linhart


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Jorge Medina (cardinal)

Jorge Arturo Agustín Medina Estévez (23 December 1926 – 3 October 2021) was a Chilean prelate of the Catholic Church who held senior positions both in his native country and in the Roman Curia. He was prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments from 1996 to 2002 and was made a cardinal in 1998. Beginning in 1985 he served as auxiliary bishop and then from 1987 bishop of Rancagua and then bishop of Valparaíso from 1993 to 1996.

As Cardinal Protodeacon, the longest serving cardinal of the order of cardinal deacons, he announced the election of Pope Benedict XVI to the world on 19 April 2005.

Early life and ordination
Medina was born in Santiago in 1926, and studied at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, where he received a bachelor's degree in the arts and biology, and the Major Seminary of Santiago. He was ordained a priest on 12 June 1954 by Bishop Pio Fariña Fariña, the vicar general and an auxiliary bishop of Santiago.

Church scholar
Earning a doctorate in theology in 1955, Medina taught philosophy and theology at the Major Seminary of Santiago and of the Pontifical Catholic University, respectively until 1965. He also served as a dean of the university, and as a peritus at the Second Vatican Council; for the latter he later received an honoris causa doctorate from the University of Notre Dame in 1996.

Bishop
Pro-Grand Chancellor of the Catholic University from 1974 to 1985, he was named titular bishop of Thibilis and auxiliary bishop of Rancagua on 18 December 1984. Medina was consecrated to the episcopate on 6 January 1985, by Pope John Paul II, with Cardinals Eduardo Martínez Somalo and Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy acting as co-consecrators. He was made Bishop of Rancagua on 25 November 1987, and then Bishop of Valparaíso on 16 April 1993.

Pro-Prefect and Prefect
On 21 June 1996 Medina was appointed Pro-Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments in Rome, being given the title of Prefect of the Congregation from 23 February 1998 until his retirement on 1 October 2002.

Cardinal
Medina was created a Cardinal-Deacon in the consistory of 21 February 1998, with the title of San Saba.

Medina was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2005 papal conclave. Following the conclusion of the conclave, as Cardinal Protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon, he announced to the world the election of Pope Benedict XVI. He was the first non-Italian to do so in centuries and the first Latin American. As protodeacon, Medina imposed the pallium on Pope Benedict XVI and was one of the three cardinals who made the public act of obedience to him at the papal inauguration.

In retirement he returned to Chile in order to work as a parish priest. In the same period he published many short works of a pastoral nature.

He died in Santiago on 3 October 2021.

Views
Medina was a man of controversial views. He was a supporter of the Chilean coup d'etat by General Augusto Pinochet and the regime it established. He was accused of having in his capacity as dean of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile of being one of the main denouncers of students and teachers suspected of having communist or socialist affiliations, many of whom become disappeared detainees. He never acknowledged the human rights violations of Pinochet's regime, including those featured in the Rettig Report or the Valech Report.

In December 2008, at a Mass marking the second anniversary of the death of Pinochet, Medina condemned pop musician Madonna, who was appearing in Santiago. He said "The atmosphere in our city is pretty agitated because this woman is visiting and with incredibly shameful behavior provokes a wild and lustful enthusiasm."

Sexual abuse of minors by priests
The prominent 80-year-old priest Fernando Karadima was found guilty in January 2011 by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith of having sexually abused minors and ordered to retire to a life of prayer and penitence and never to exercise the priesthood in public again,  Karadima was then accused under Chilean civil law of sexual abuse of minors, Medina is reported to have said that he doubted that the cleric would be sent to prison, since homosexual activity was not a crime in Chilean civil law and use of the term "sexual abuse" could be questioned: "With all due respect to the laws of my country, a child of 8 or 9 is very different from a 17-year-old ... A 17-year-old youngster knows what he is doing." He also remarked that priests are not immune to the devil's works: "Any informed Christian knows we are prone to weakness because of our human fragility. The devil gets in where he can. Priests are not immune from his snares." He defended the canonical sanctions imposed on Karadima as being the heaviest that could be imposed short of laicization, and as having taken into account Karadima's age and merits.

One of Karadima's accusers called the cardinal's remark about 17-year-olds "an unwarranted attack". Another added that it was an attack not only on those who had denounced Karadima, but on all who were honestly looking for truth and justice for their lives. He regarded Medina's statements as "extremely suspicious, as if he wanted to diminish the outline of these grave actions, reducing the issue to homosexuality in a very silly manner, as if, furthermore, homosexuality and abuse were synonymous". The statements, he said, "were an attempt to free from responsibility someone who took advantage of his position of power over more vulnerable persons".

title: Jorge Medina (cardinal)


text:
Justice Thompson

Justice Thompson may refer to:

 * Smith Thompson (1768–1843), associate justice of the United States Supreme Court
 * Charles H. Thompson (Illinois judge) (1882–1972), chief justice of the Illinois Supreme Court
 * David N. Thompson (1859–1945), associate justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court
 * Ebenezer Thompson (1737–1802), associate justice of the New Hampshire Supreme Court
 * Floyd Thompson (lawyer) (1887–1960), associate justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois
 * Frank D. Thompson (1876–1940), associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court
 * G. King Thompson (1887–1979), associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court
 * Gordon R. Thompson (1918–1995), associate justice of the Supreme Court of Nevada
 * Hugh P. Thompson (born 1943), chief justice of the Georgia Supreme Court
 * Ira F. Thompson (1885–1937), associate justice of the Supreme Court of California
 * James Thompson (jurist) (1806–1874), associate justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
 * John C. Thompson (1790–1831), associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court
 * John Thompson (Louisiana judge) (died 1810), judge of the Superior Court of the Territory of Orleans
 * Laforrest H. Thompson (1848–1900), associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court
 * Leslie A. Thompson (1806–1874), associate justice of the Florida Supreme Court
 * Lucas P. Thompson (1797–1866), associate justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia
 * William Carrington Thompson (1915–2011), associate justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia
 * William George Thompson (1830–1911), associate justice of the Idaho Supreme Court
 * William H. Thompson (Nebraska politician) (1853–1937), associate justice of the Nebraska Supreme Court

title: Justice Thompson


text: User:Nezumidumousseau

title: User:Nezumidumousseau


text:
Justice White

Justice White can refer to:

 * United States Supreme Court
 * Byron Raymond White (1917–2002), associate justice of the United States Supreme Court
 * Edward Douglass White (1845–1921), chief justice of the United States Supreme Court

 * United States state supreme courts
 * Alexander White (Alabama politician) (1816–1893), associate justice of the Territorial Utah Supreme Court
 * C. Thomas White (1928–2020), associate justice of the Nebraska Supreme Court
 * Hugh Lawson White (1773–1840), associate justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court
 * John D. White (judge) (1915–1999), associate justice of the Kentucky Supreme Court
 * John Turner White (1854–1947), associate justice of the Supreme Court of Missouri
 * John White (Alabama judge) (1778–1842), associate justice of the Alabama Supreme Court
 * Paul W. White (1911–2002), associate justice of the Nebraska Supreme Court
 * Penny J. White (born 1956), associate justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court
 * Ronnie L. White (born 1953), associate justice and chief justice of the Supreme Court of Missouri
 * S. Harrison White (1864–1945), associate justice and chief justice of the Colorado Supreme Court
 * Thomas P. White (1888–1968), associate justice of the Supreme Court of California
 * Weldon B. White (1907–1967), associate justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court
 * William White (Ohio judge) (1822–1883), associate justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio
 * William H. White (judge) (1842–1914), justice of the Washington Supreme Court

 * Australian courts
 * Richard Weeks White (born 1954), justice of the Supreme Court of New South Wales
 * Richard Conway White (born 1952), judge of the Federal Court of Australia

title: Justice White


text:
File:Roman Gate Next to the Omayad Mosque.JPG

Remains of a Roman Gate Next to the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus

Many more images of Syria are available on my web site.

Being the creator of this work I hereby publish it under the following licenses: Creative Commons, Some Rights Reserved --Zelidar 06:18, September 4, 2005 (UTC)


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Sipapu Bridge

Sipapu Bridge is a natural bridge or arch located in the Natural Bridges National Monument in central San Juan County, Utah, United States. The bridge spans White Canyon.

Description
Sipapu was long reported to have a span of 268 ft by the National Park Service, ranking it as the fourth longest natural arch in the world. A more accurate measurement obtained by laser survey in 2007 revealed the measurement to be a significant overstatement. The Natural Arch and Bridge Society has published a revised span of 255 ft, demoting the arch to a thirteenth-place ranking.

Based on specific criteria that separate natural arches from natural bridges, Sipapu is the sixth longest natural bridge after the more well-known Rainbow Bridge also located in Utah, and four Chinese natural bridges—all longer than Rainbow Bridge—which were measured and documented by NABS between 2010 and 2015.

Access
Sipapu can be viewed from a roadside viewpoint, but more fully viewed from a short hiking trail that leads down to its base from the canyon rim. Since the closure of the trail leading under Landscape Arch due to safety concerns, and the voluntary prohibition placed on passing under Rainbow Bridge in deference to Navajo and Hopi spiritual beliefs, Sipapu is now the longest natural arch in the world to have an active trail beneath it that visitors may pass under, affording views of the underside of the arch.

Name
The name of the arch comes from the Hopi word sipapu, a word for a symbolic portal from which the first human ancestors emerged. Earlier names, which still were in use until the mid 20th century, were "President", "Augusta" and "Great Augusta".

title: Sipapu Bridge


text:
Farouq Qasrawi

Farouq Qasrawi (12 February 1942 – 10 November 2021 ) was a Jordanian politician and diplomat. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in 2005.

Career
Qasrawi was director of the Jordan Diplomatic Institute and the ambassador of Jordan to Japan and Germany. He was appointed foreign minister of Jordan on 7 April 2005 when a new government was formed. His predecessor was Hani al-Mulki.

Qasrawi then worked as the personal envoy of King Abdullah II. Later, Qasrawi was appointed manager of the personal office of the king, and then a personal advisor to him. In November 2007, Qasrawi was appointed a senator.

title: Farouq Qasrawi


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sean finch

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 12:51, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Sean finch
Vanity. See Votes for deletion/Fü Productions also. Xezbeth 08:07, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete--AYArktos 09:18, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. A similar version was speedily deleted earlier.  The deleted version read "Finch is the creator of Fü Pie, and goes by PsychoPop on the KoL forums.The forums are located at http://forums.kingdomofloathing.com "  -- It seems this might be less about Sean Finch and more about linkspam.  SWAdair | Talk  10:36, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, people who frequent forums aren't encyclopedia material. If they are, I demand my own entry. :) Mgm|(talk) 14:44, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - I actually speedied this once or twice as vanity before calling it a night. Author recreated it while I napped, it seems. – ClockworkSoul 17:31, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 04:10, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: Template:User fi

title: Template:User fi


text:
File:Lynyrdskynyrd.jpg

Summary
Cover of the album (pronounced 'lĕh-'nérd 'skin-'nérd) (1973) by Lynyrd Skynyrd.

title: File:Lynyrdskynyrd.jpg


text: User talk:82.170.152.15

title: User talk:82.170.152.15


text: Template:User et

title: Template:User et


text:
Saiga-12

The Saiga-12 is a shotgun available in a wide range of configurations, patterned after the Kalashnikov series of rifles and named after the Saiga antelope native to Russia. Like the Kalashnikov rifle variants, it is a rotating bolt, long-stroke gas piston operated firearm that feeds from a square magazine. All Saiga-12 configurations are recognizable as Kalashnikov-pattern guns by the large lever-safety on the right side of the receiver, the optic mounting rail on the left side of the receiver and the large top-mounted dust cover held in place by the rear of the recoil spring assembly. Saiga firearms are meant for civilian domestic sale in Russia, and export to international markets.

The Saiga-12 is manufactured by the Kalashnikov Concern (the merger of Izhmash and Izhevsk), in Russia. Kalashnikov Concern also manufactures Saiga 20s (20-gauge) and Saiga 410s (.410 bore), as well as the Saiga semi-automatic hunting rifles chambered in various centerfire rifle calibers. Russian armed forces use a combat shotgun variant called the KSK (Karabin Spetsialniy Kalahnikov, "Kalashnikov Special Carbine"), with the 12-gauge size expressed in its metric equivalent of 18.5 mm. The Picatinny rail layout is similar to the civilian 030 version.

Modifications to the basic Kalashnikov pattern
The Saiga-12 incorporates several features absent on the Kalashnikov and its derivatives.

Since shotgun shells are nearly twice as wide as 7.62×39mm cartridge, the extraction port in the side of the dust cover had to be increased in size. However, since the bolt had to remain the same length to fit inside the AK-47 sized receiver, the rear section of the bolt is covered by a sliding metal flap that rides on the recoil spring. This allows the gun to be sealed against dirt when the bolt is forward, but the compression of the recoil spring during firing moves the flap rearward to clear the extracted shells.

For the likely reason of simplifying production of Izhmash's other Kalashnikov-pattern guns, the Saiga-12 extractor does not rotate, but instead delegates the bolt-locking function to a caliber-neutral lug directly behind the bolt-face.

The Saiga-12 incorporates an adjustable two-position gas system, with "standard" and "magnum" settings for firing 2-3/4" and 3"-length shells respectively. This is because firing 3" shells with high power loads such as slugs and buckshot generates so much force that the receiver will be damaged if the full power of the gas system is employed without some sort of recoil buffer. The problem is that making the gun durable with such high power loads would make it more likely to experience a cycle failure with the less powerful 2-3/4" shells and likely not to cycle at all when used with low-powered less lethal ammunition. This would essentially render it a straight-pull mechanism.

Common Saiga 12 configurations
The Saiga 12 is manufactured in several different configurations ranging from more traditional styled hunting models to military-style models utilizing AK or SVD hardware. All these versions are available for purchase by civilians in Russia after applying for a firearms permit.

Civilian barrel lengths are 430 and 580 mm. The 580 mm version is standard with a traditional rifle stock or with an AK-style separate pistol grip and folding stock (version S for "skladnaya", "folding"). The 430 mm version (K for "korotkaya", "short") has an AK-style pistol grip and folding stock. The civilian version of the 12K for the Russian domestic market features a specially-designed safety, preventing operation with stock folded (due to Russian gun laws, it is illegal to own a firearm with a barrel length of less than 500 mm and capable of firing while being less than 800 mm long). "Taktika" versions with 430 and 580 mm barrels feature various AK, SVD, or original "Legion" furniture (handguards, folding and non-folding stocks) and AK-style open sights with high post and tangent rear. Optional screw-in chokes are available. A standard AK rail for optics may be mounted on the left side of the receiver.

Capacities of 2, 5, 7, 8, and 12 round box magazines are available, as well as ten, twelve, and twenty round aftermarket drum magazines. All magazines may be interchanged with all 12 gauge models (sometimes minor fitting may be necessary), although factory-original magazines from Russia only exist in 5, 7, and 8 round box configurations. The magazine configuration is significantly altered compared to more typical Kalashnikov rifles in order to accommodate the larger 12 gauge cartridge.

Prior to importation to the US, all Saiga shotguns are configured with a traditional fixed "hunting-style" rifle stock and 5 round box magazine. Factory 8 round box magazines are not imported in the US (though they are legal for importation into other countries), making them quite rare on the civilian market.

Recently, a newly configured version of the Saiga 12 was introduced. Called the Saiga Taktika mod 040, it features an extended magazine well, last round bolt hold open (recently produced very rarely and replaced with manual bolt hold), hinged dust cover with Picatinny rail for mounting optics, picatinny rail gas block, and a newly designed 8 round box magazine (which is not interchangeable with other Saiga 12 models).

This design seems to address deficiencies that the Saiga 12 had in function. The traditional AK "rock and lock" magazine system and the difficulties associated with magazine has been replaced by a vertical insertion system that allow the magazine to be inserted with only one hand. The hinged dustcover with picatinny rail makes mounting optics simpler, and is closer to the bore axis, making sighting of optics easier. The gas-block rail system allows for the addition of combat lights and vertical fore grips. The last round bolt hold open gives the user instant feedback that the firearm is empty and allows for a quicker magazine change.

In late September 2014, the IZ109T was released in the USA. This model featured a shortened barrel with a permanently attached brake. The barrel length was 18 in including the brake. The IZ109T also had military style features including a rear pistol grip and 6 position stock. Various modifications were made to the trigger group, bolt, and bolt carrier that allowed loaded magazine insertion without locking the bolt back. The IZ109T also featured a fully parkerized military finish.

Variants
The Saiga shotgun is also available in 20-gauge and .410 calibers known as the Saiga-20 and Saiga-410, respectively.

Legal status
In Russia, this shotgun can be relatively simply obtained, requiring only a "smoothbore-gun license" (which is relatively easy to obtain, compared to a "rifle license" that requires a five-year period of owning a smoothbore gun and a hunting permit).

In response to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, U.S. President Barack Obama issued Executive Order 13662 on July 16, 2014 blocking the importation of all Russia-produced firearms.

Users

 * 🇪🇬 Egypt: - Used By Central Security Forces Special Operations Police.
 * 🇫🇷 France: Used by RAID and GIPN.
 * 🇮🇩 Indonesia: "Saiga-12C" used by the National Anti Narcotics Agency (BNN)
 * 🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan: Used by police forces.
 * 🇷🇺 Russia: "Saiga-12" used by private security companies; 18,5 KS-K carbine adopted by Ministry of Internal Affairs
 * 🇺🇦 Ukraine: in 2009 "Saiga-12K - Tactical" carbine was adopted by Ukrainian Navy
 * 🇺🇸 United States: Some police SWAT teams and military units such as the Deployable Specialized Forces in the Coast Guard.

title: Saiga-12


text:
Talk:Sealed crustless sandwich

Untitled
Does this ruling affect the  original patent?--nixie 08:20, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Not directly, but since they are currently litigating against someone it could be used to make a persuasive case. Anyway, it ought to be in this article! --Fastfission 15:15, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Lien Tran
How does the author of the article know that "the patent examiner, Lien Tran, consulted on a minimal amount of prior art: seven previous patents issued between 1963 and 1998, and a 1994 book called 50 Great Sandwiches".

I guess it should read the examiner "cited" a small amount of documents. The number of documents consulted by an examiner is not public. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 85.145.187.188 (talk) 21:29, 6 December 2006 (UTC).

Dead patent?
You have to be a bit careful about saying that a patent is "dead". Technically, the patent will still be alive, it just won't have any claims, hence it won't cover anything. In this case it certainly appears as if Smuckers has thrown in the towel, but it still is theoretically possible for them to revitalize the reexamiantion proceedings with a petition to the patent office for unintentional or unavoidable delay. see  --Nowa 12:21, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

 * A "continuing patent application" must have a live original or child application pending. A CPA may NOT by filed to extend a re-examination.

 * "37 CFR 1.53(d)(1) A continuation or divisional application (but not a continuation-in-part) of a prior nonprovisional application may be filed as a continued prosecution application under this paragraph . . ."

 * Once the last child in a chain issues, the game is over.

 * There are no pending children applications in this family. It has been more than two years since the original patent issued, therefore, a broadening re-issue cannot be made.

 * During re-examination, no new claim may be added that has a broader scope than the broadest live claim that is currently in the application. All of the live claims in the application as it stands now are subject to the "not fully compressed" limitation that the BPAI has determined is indefinite.  This limitation cannot be removed, even if a petition were granted.

 * Further, while a petition to revive theoretically might be filed, I'd be thrilled to learn what excuse the PTO might accept after oral argument at the BPAI.

 * Thus, as a practical matter, it is accurate to say that the patent appears to be dead. Ultimately, once the reexamination certificate issues cancelling all claims, the patent will be dead. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.183.199.34 (talk) 02:13, February 8, 2007 (UTC)

 * Perhaps they don't need the Ketchum patent anymore. Another sealed crustless sandwich patent application was filed my Smuckers in 2001.  A number of continuations have been filed and one of those has issued as .  At least one child application is still alive.  serial number 10/958733  Thusfar this series is only claiming methods and apparati for making the sandwiches.  Nonetheless, they could introduce a child application that claims the sandwich itself in a "product by process" claim.  Thus they may not be able to get a patent on the Ketchum SCS but the door is open for getting a patent on an improved SCS.--Nowa 02:06, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 12:10, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

This is an ad, not an article.
And it's written terribly. 2601:140:8302:E260:1589:E77A:7D58:ABD1 (talk) 15:52, 9 April 2016 (UTC)

Is an uncrustable a Ravioli or a Dumpling?
There seems to be an edit war over this because of an unfunny popular tumblr post.-- Sıgehelmus  (Talk) ω 01:36, 15 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I think we should go by what the patent says, and just call it a sandwich. This is like the "is a hotdog a sandwich" debate. But between ravioli and dumpling, I'd go with dumpling. Ravioli is two layers of *pasta* dough, while a dumpling is any type of dough. Frood 04:17, 15 March 2018 (UTC)

i saw the meme thinggy about ravioli on ifunny Topkek 16:34, 16 March 2018 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Topkekin (talk • contribs)

Semi-protected edit request on 16 March 2018
Change, "Ravioli," to, "Pasta," as Ravioli is a type of Pasta according to the website, "Wikipedia," and by the Transitive property, ravioli is a tpe of pasta, making tis a type of pasta Aaaarroonnttaamm (talk) 14:43, 16 March 2018 (UTC)
 * ❌ As the sealed crustless sandwich, the subject of this article, does not involve pasta, the entire reference to ravioli (which was unsourced) has been removed.  General Ization Talk  15:06, 16 March 2018 (UTC)

If you're here from Buzzfeed/Tumblr/similar
like from here: https://www.buzzfeed.com/catesish/are-uncrustables-ravioli?utm_term=.rtK50DkLvG#.avqkAZma2B

please stop assaulting this page for the sake of a bad meme. It's not even funny.-- Sıgehelmus  (Talk) ω 01:10, 17 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Second article I found!: https://www.bustle.com/p/uncrustables-were-listed-as-ravioli-on-wikipedia-now-the-internet-is-at-war-trying-to-classify-them-8524910 This time it even included my own revisions; journalism is truly so amazing a career.-- Sıgehelmus  (Talk) ω 01:18, 17 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I think tumblr posts are funny but this edit war was fucking painful to read -Gouleg (Talk • Contribs) 22:01, 11 March 2020 (UTC)

Empanada and pasty as variation
Would an empanada or pasty really be a variation? Those are one piece of pastry folded over whereas an uncrustable is two pieces of bread crimped together. Not even comparable. --2601:642:C301:119A:9DFA:C51B:F2B1:AD32 (talk) 06:31, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 22 March 2018
Change the sandwich type to ravioli JakeTheDrake (talk) 23:19, 22 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. —  IVORK  Discuss 23:44, 22 March 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 27 April 2018
Uncrustables are a type of ravioli, not a sandwich, according to the Paris Institute of the culinary arts' handbook to catalog foods. 76.90.129.117 (talk) 03:51, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Waddie96 (talk) 09:57, 27 April 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 17 May 2018
Uncrustables are raviolis. Briaisabel (talk) 03:42, 17 May 2018 (UTC)
 * ❌ See above.  General Ization Talk  03:43, 17 May 2018 (UTC)

It is a ravioli
It possesses all the qualities of a ravioli. It’s enclosed and contains food inside TruthfulCooper (talk) 05:45, 2 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Nope. Among other problems with your theory, bread is not pasta.  General Ization Talk  18:41, 8 September 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 25 October 2018
Change the type to Ravioli *audible suffering* (talk) 23:42, 25 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. --DannyS712 (talk) 23:49, 25 October 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 29 January 2019
Edit the classification of food type from "Sandwich" to "Ravioli". UnicornUrinal (talk) 20:38, 29 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Nope.  General Ization Talk  20:44, 29 January 2019 (UTC)

Type Change
Can we please be serious now that all the trolling is done? It's clearly a type of sandwich, as ravioli requires it to be pasta with a filling. Pasta is not a type of bread. Food with a filling doesn't make something a ravioli. If that were the case, doughnuts, beef wellington, turkeys, cannoli, etc. would all be raviolis, which is clearly not true. GeekInParadise (talk) 01:24, 17 October 2019 (UTC)

???
Looks like one of the mods has taken the ravioli side, because that's what's currently up. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 160.32.69.200 (talk) 17:45, 19 November 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 20 February 2020
This foodstuff is not a sandwich nor a ravioli. It is an enclosed lasagna. 119.18.3.218 (talk) 08:18, 20 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Please cite reliable sources. – Thjarkur (talk) 08:41, 20 February 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 20 March 2020
Mercer appleton (talk) 19:45, 20 March 2020 (UTC) it is a ravioli beacause it is sealed on all sides
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate.  JTP (talk • contribs) 19:55, 20 March 2020 (UTC)

Prior history of Uncrustables
This article needs to discuss the history prior to the purchase of Uncrustables by Smuckers. Maybe this Business Insider article is a good reference. Invented 1995 by Geske and Kretchman. Purchased by Smuckers in 1998. Roket (talk) 23:12, 23 February 2023 (UTC)

Japanese sandwiches
The idea of a "sealed crustless sandwich" was not novel in the US or the world. Two products that continue production today are "Snack Sandwich" (Sunakku Sando) by Fuji Bread and Roba Bread in 1975, and "Lunch Pack" (Ranchi Pakku) by Yamazaki Bread in 1984. Link to Japanese-language Lunch Pack article. They are both sealed, crustless, and feature pressed edges. Roket (talk) 23:12, 23 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sealed crustless sandwich


text:
Lew Fields

Lew Fields (born Moses Schoenfeld, January 1867 – July 20, 1941) was an American actor, comedian, vaudeville star, theatre manager, and producer. He was part of a comedy duo with Joe Weber. He also produced shows on his own and starred in comedy films.

Biography
Lew Fields was born Moses Schoenfeld to Polish-Jewish parents. was half of the great comic duo Weber and Fields with Joe Weber. They performed in museums, circuses, and variety houses in New York City. The young men had a "Dutch act" in which both portrayed German immigrants. Several recordings of their act were made and released as on records.

In the case of Weber and Fields (or "Mike and Meyer" as their characters were known) and many of the other acts of this genre, this often involved stereotyping by dress and behavior, as well as comedic and often sympathetic portrayals of the characters' attempts to fit into American society. "Crafty schemes" of "making it big" in America, as well as the attempts of mere survival of immigrant poverty in America, were written into the script of these acts. A typical "Mike and Meyer" routine involved Mike, the short and clever one, unsuccessfully trying to coach Meyer, the tall and simple one, in a scheme to get them a free lunch at a working-class saloon.

The two toured successfully for many years, becoming one of the most popular and profitable acts in vaudeville. In 1896, the partners opened the Weber and Fields' Broadway Music Hall, where they produced very successful burlesques of popular Broadway shows. In the music hall's casts were some of the greatest performers and comics on the American stage at that time, including Lillian Russell, Ross and Fenton, Fay Templeton, and DeWolf Hopper. Some of their routines were Pousse Cafe, Hurly Burly, Whirl-I-Gig, Fiddle-Dee-Dee, Hoity-Toity, Twirly Whirly, and Whoop-de-Doo.

The duo separated in 1904, and Weber took over operations at the music hall. Fields went on to produce many musicals. When Fields starred in the 1911 stage comedy, The Hen-Pecks, one of the supporting comedians in the cast was Vernon Castle, who went on to become a famous ballroom dancer. Fields then produced Hanky Panky which ran from August 5, 1912 through November 2, 1912 featuring songs by Irving Berlin and Ballard MacDonald. In 1913 Fields produced and starred in the Broadway musical All Aboard. In 1921, Fred Allen and Nora Bayes toured with Fields. During the tour the orchestra was conducted by 19-year-old Richard Rodgers, who, in 1920, contributed songs with lyrics by Lorenz Hart to the Lew Field's production of Poor Little Ritz Girl.

In 1923, Weber and Fields partnered yet again for a Lee DeForest Phonofilm sound-on-film short, where the team recreated their famous pool hall routine. This film premiered at the Rivoli Theater in New York City on 15 April 1923. Three years later, the duo were among those supporting Will Rogers and Mary Garden on the NBC Radio Network's November 15, 1926 debut broadcast. Their own NBC series followed in 1931.

Weber and Fields also reunited for the 27 December 1932 inaugural show at Radio City Music Hall, which proved to be the last stage appearance of the two performers as a team. In the RKO Radio Pictures film, The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle (1939), Fields appeared as himself, re-enacting a slapstick comedy scene from The Hen-Pecks. They gave a cameo performance performing their "casino" routine in the 1940 movie Lillian Russell.

Lew Fields died in Beverly Hills, California on July 20, 1941.

Personal life
Fields was the father of Dorothy, Herbert and Joseph, all of whom enjoyed theatrical careers of their own. Fields was Jewish.

Legacy
The backstage hostility in Neil Simon's play and film The Sunshine Boys is reportedly based on the team of Smith and Dale, not Weber and Fields.

Filmography

 * Old Dutch (1915)
 * The Man Who Stood Still (1916)
 * The Barker (1917)
 * The Corner Grocer (1917)
 * Friendly Enemies (1925)
 * Two Flaming Youths (1927)
 * Blossoms on Broadway (1937)
 * The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle (1939)

title: Lew Fields


text:
Talk:Pine Crest School

Notable Alumni
Top 10 says who? That's what I would like to know!!! I vote to remove that unless someone can supply a source.

 * In that case why does Farris Hassan have his own article? Also, while the editors who put the information in the article (and return it after you deleted it several times) may be wrong, so is the way you are going about trying to have it removed. Please review Civility and refrain from name calling. Thanks. CambridgeBayWeather (Talk) 01:04, 1 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I personally think he is notable, but also more of a fad. His article should link to Pine Crest, but I'm not sure Pine Crest should link to him. Kushboy 01:12, 1 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I think he should be listed in the same way as the other "Notable alumni and students" and not have a whole sentence like he does. CambridgeBayWeather (Talk) 01:33, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I think it's good like it is, or might even need more explanation. Right now Farris Hassan is probably the most famous student the school has ever had. His fame is directly linked to his classes at Pine Crest and the only reason people are even looking at this page is because of him. -- JJay 02:26, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

Alumni #2
I have questions about these entries:
 * Kelsey Grammer, of the show Cheers and Frasier, speaker
 * the Charles Kelman family (Inventor of cataract surgery)
 * Benjamin Frost, whose Great Uncle is Poet Robert Frost
 * the Henry family (Owner of Boston Red Sox, John Henry)

What does the "speaker" at the end of Grammer's entry mean? Was he a graduation speaker as well as alumni? Is Benjamin Frost notable is his own right? Are the families of Kelman and Henry notable? The children of notable people are not automatically notable themselves. -Will Beback 20:40, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Forensics?
This section doesn't make any sense. Am I an idiot for not knowing what LD and interp are?

68.149.19.117 05:36, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

 * No, you're not an idiot. In this sense "forensics" means "the art or study of argumentative discourse", in other words "debating."  LD means a "Lincoln-Douglas" style of debate and "interp" means "interpretive."  Lawyer2b 03:22, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Removed "Student Comments" section
This material was removed from the page. This kind of POV material needs to have reliable sources quoted before it can be included in Wikipedia.

Student Comments
''Pine Crest upper school students have some complaints about their school. They feel it is very bureaucratic. The censorship the students feel is overwhelmingly suffocating. Furthermore, students hate college counseling--especially the seniors-- because they make them turn in college stuff two months in advance and give them crazy deadlines. College Counselors (aka CoCo's) make the students feel like they aren't getting into college because they don't have a 4.90 with 1590 SAT scores. Although, let me take the time to shout out the Lisa Miller in the front desk whom I love (bffs 4 life). More to come.''
 * No more comments about the school please - we're just here to discuss the article. -Will Beback · † · 02:49, 28 April 2007 (UTC)
 * you overprivelidged idiots. You have your whole lives handed to you on a silver platter, and you can't get paperwork in early? It's kids like you that make PC grads look like toolbags, and this is coming from another PC grad. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.176.242.152 (talk) 06:53, 11 May 2008 (UTC)

Paris Hilton?
I personally think Paris Hilton is an intelligent hard working person, but i was unaware that she attended Pine Crest. I think someone needs to double check there sources. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 67.22.4.184 (talk) 06:01, 14 January 2007 (UTC).

Can People PLEASE COMPARE Pinecrest with St. Andrews and NorthBroward...please!

I'll check this page often soo...please and thank you

69.163.244.255 21:23, 3 March 2007 (UTC)Chewka

athletics
I have removed the four claimed State cheerleading titles as the FHSAA does not list any titles by this school. See https://fhsaa.com/documents/2020/9/28//rec_ch_9_28_20.pdf?id=282 If the school won these supposed state titles from some other group please explain and source. Meters (talk) 23:39, 6 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pine Crest School


text:
Elemental Gelade

Elemental Gelade (エレメンタルジェレイド) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Mayumi Azuma. The fantasy adventure is a tale of a group of five who are on a journey to Edel Garden, the birthplace of mystical beings called Edel Raids who are described as "living weapons".

The manga series has been adapted into an anime television series produced by Xebec, two light novels, two video games, one for the PlayStation 2 and another for the Game Boy Advance, and four drama CDs. The anime ended after 26 episodes. The manga ended in 2009.

Prior to the original broadcast of the anime on TV Tokyo on April 5, 2005, both the manga and anime had been licensed by Tokyopop and Geneon Entertainment, respectively, for North American distribution. The announcement was made even after ADV announced they acquired licensing rights for both manga and anime a year before. Discotek Media rescued the series for a SDBD release on December 18, 2018.

Plot
The tale of Elemental Gelade is set in the world of Guardia where beings called Edel Raids co-exist with humans. Edel Raids (the first word of which is pronounced EL-Dell) have the ability to fuse with a human and become a living weapon. The story focuses on the adventures of a young sky pirate named Coud Van Giruet, an Edel Raid named Reverie Metherlance or Ren as she prefers to be called, and three guardians of an Edel Raid protection organization called Arc Aile named Cisqua, Rowen, and Kuea. Reverie Metherlance is set on journeying to the legendary land of gold called Edel Garden, but it turns out that she is a powerful and rare Edel Raid called the shichikouhouji which leads to many villains attempting to kidnap her for themselves.

Principal characters

 * Kou / Coud Van Giruet
 * , Naozumi Takahashi (drama CD)
 * Age: 15
 * Coud Van Giruet, better known as Cou, is a young member of the Red Lynx sky pirates. He finds Reverie Metherlence in a coffin that was picked up as loot in a raid. He reacts and becomes her Pleasure, someone who bonds with a Edel Raid and he promises her that he will be the one to escort her to Edel Garden. He soon realizes he has deep feelings for Ren and does his best to fight on his own, not wanting to needlessly waste her energy. Although being a sky pirate, he is a kind person who hates to see the weak getting bullied and is one of the only few people who consider Edel Raids as people instead of weapons. And, despite being a sky pirate, he has absolutely no skill at driving and/or flying ANY vehicle. However, he improved quite a bit by the time the anime ended.

 * Gelade Techniques
 * Euros Loop/Euro Lumin
 * Notus Chord/Ardos Sword
 * Reject Out/Wind Armour
 * Zephyrus Art

 * Ren / Reverie Metherlence
 * , Houko Kuwashima (drama CD)
 * Age: 14-15
 * Reverie Metherlence, better known as Ren, is an Edel Raid and direct descendant of the Metherlence bloodline. She is also one of the Seven Glittering Jewels (or Shichiko-hoji), an Edel Raid line said to be the strongest. She recharges her powers by sleeping, which happens fairly often. In the beginning, she stated that she had hated Coud because he was human, but after he does his best to protect her from an invasion, she reacts with him and begins to think better of him. As the story progresses, she realizes that she has developed feelings for Kou. Her elemental gelade is on her hair above her forehead. Her elemental power is wind, which she best uses both defensively and offensively. Her weapon form is a giant sword on Kou's right arm; the appearance of the sword differs between the anime and manga.

 * Cisqua
 * , Ikue Otani (drama CD)
 * Age: 16
 * Cisqua is the energetic and upbeat leader of one of Arc Aile's Edel Raid Complete Protection Association squads consisting of Rowen and Kuea. She is honest and passionate about her work, but only because of her desire to be promoted and her love for money. Cisqua is modeled from a character the creator drew in middle and high school and B.B. Hood from the Darkstalkers series.
 * Cisqua is not an Edel Raid Pledger, but she is well versed in martial arts and gunmanship. Despite having a small frame, she's physically strong and capable on taking down well trained Pledgers such as the Edel Raid Hunter, Wolx Hound. Underneath her robes and hat, she keeps an arsenal of firearms, missiles, knives, and other weapons she uses to fulfill her missions. Cisqua's gun can be adjusted to become a launcher, shotgun, or machine gun. Her sister is Merfond.

 * Rowen
 * , Shoutarou Morikubo (drama CD)
 * Age: 21
 * Rowen is a guardian of Arc Aile, and is occasionally tasked to assist with his senior in rank, Cisqua. He is a young blond-haired man that tends to dislike conflict. In contrast to the impulsive and somewhat outrageous Cisqua, Rowen is logical, polite, and considerate of others.
 * Rowen is very intelligent and seems to be well skilled in multiple areas, making it seem as if he was perfect. Whether it is cooking or fighting he seems to excel at it. However Rowen claims to not be entirely perfect and have weaknesses as well. He is an excellent cook which is an ability that the other members appreciate. Rowen is also the only member who is consistently doing jobs to meet ends with the party's expenses.

 * Gelade Techniques
 * Vice Lit
 * Steel Vengeance
 * Three of Hearts
 * Curva Proclesis

 * Kuea / Kullweet Envatilia
 * , Akemi Okamura (drama CD)
 * Age: 17
 * Kuea, whose real name is Kullweet Envatilia, is a first class Edel Raid from Arc Aile and is Rowen's partner. Her garnet red elemental gelade are on the back of both her hands which she covers with arm length gloves. Out of the five main characters, Kuea wears the most revealing clothes, however the creator modeled her character from an old male character she once drew in the past. When Kuea gets hungry - which seems to be often - she can't react, so she eats enormous amounts of food at a time. It is an ongoing gag that she'll eat anything and anyone and she nibbles on Cisqua when she is extremely hungry, her hunger-induced stupor leading her to view Cisqua's head as an apple and in episode 4, she gnaws on Rowen's head, which he ignores and normally greets Kou.
 * Kuea loves to battle and often jumps into fights hastily. When reacted, she increases Rowen's fighting speed. She takes the weapon form of double blades that Rowen wields on each hand and six chained sickles on his back which can detach and attack opponents from a distance. Her attacks are designed for piercing over slicing. Kuea and Rowen can perform an Obligath, a technique that enables them to chant two songs simultaneously. This technique requires complete synchronicity between the pledger and Edel Raid, and is thus not an easy feat to accomplish.

 * Viro
 * A strange girl who temporarily tags along with the group. Artificially created as an Edel Raid, she was assigned to assassinate Coud but later apparently develops feelings for him. Unable to successfully carry her mission out, she is killed by her superiors.

 * Rasati
 * Rasati fought Coud at the battle arena to win the freedom of both herself and her sister Lilia. After released from debt and winning her freedom, she later eventually tags along with the group.

 * Lilia
 * Taken in by Rasati's family, she is Rasati's Edel Raid and little sister.

Plot
The Kingdom of the Sun, Fuajarl was ruthlessly invaded by the Garden of Eden. They came seeking the King's Edel Raid, rumored to be one of the Seven Glittering Jewels (or Shichiko-hoji).

Sensing their intent, the King hid his daughter with his Edel Raid and fought against the invasion but was defeated in battle. The desert kingdom is now blanketed in a sheet of white snow after the battle.

Escaping capture, the Crown Princess Acheaburca Fuajarl XIV reacted with Jeen, the King's Edel Raid, and along with Puffe, the Kingdom's only mechanic, fled Fuajarl in an ancient tank. They are on a journey to restore the Kingdom and exact vengeance on the Garden of Eden.

However just like the first elemental gelade, it is uncertain why Edel Garden is a warring nation for a place that has the name of a beautiful Eden or Utopia.

Primary Characters

 * Princess Acheaburca Fuajarl XIV
 * The crown princess of Fuajarl, the Kingdom of the Sun. Her father was King Varna Shinga Fuajarl. She was hidden along with the King's Edel Raid during the invasion of the Garden of Eden. She is now Jeen's pledger after her father's death vowing vengeance on the Garden of Eden. She has fled her Kingdom with Jeen and Puffe in an ancient tank traveling to restore her country and reclaim her throne.

 * Her crystal pendant somehow allows her to communicate with Idola, a childhood friend.

 * Jelio "Jeen" Velsown
 * The Edel Raid of King Varna Shinga and now Princess Achea, she is one of the Shichikou-hoju and her family has been serving the "Solar Bloodline" of Fuajarl for generations. The King's death affected her greatly since the purpose of the attack was to kidnap her, but she hides it by acting cold. Her Gelade is Onyx black and her weapon form is a sword which absorbs sun light, when it moves it looks like a sword dance. She's very skilled with throwing knives.

 * Puffe Lunder
 * Resembling a short dog-like creature. He is actually the mechanic of the "Race=Cradle", an ancient tank. He was trusted by the King and serves as Achea's personal attendant. He is now traveling with the Princess and Jeen.

 * Merfond Liberdec
 * A woman seeking to open a store in Fuajarl, it was destroyed by the invasion. After getting arrested for fighting, she met Princess Achea and helped them escape. In exchange for returning the King's sword to Princess Achea, she will build a new store on a first grade piece of land paid for by the royal family once she reclaims the throne. She carries explosives with her similar to Cisqua in the main series and is actually her older sister.

Secondary Characters

 * King Varna Shinga Fuajarl
 * The King of Fuajarl, the Kingdom of the Sun, Princess Achea's father, and Jeen's pledger. Bearing much foresight, he hid his daughter and his Edel Raid during the invasion by the Garden of Eden. He fought against the invasion of his Kingdom but ultimately lost in a battle against a skilled warrior named the "White Devil".

 * Idola
 * Princess Achea's childhood friend and source of strength as he mysteriously guides her to attain more power.

Terminology

 * Arc Aile - An organization that "aims to protect the Edel Raids, as well as provide them with happiness". Little is known of their true intentions regarding Edel Raids, especially Ren.
 * Chaos Choir - Otherwise known as Organite, a group who opposes Arc Aile. Most members are Sting Raids or Edel Raids.
 * Pledger or "Pleasure" - One who has Reacted with an Edel Raid. Also called User in some places.
 * React - To merge with an Edel Raid, thus gaining their power.
 * Edel Raid - A female entity capable of Reacting with a human and becoming a weapon. An Edel Raid can only have one Pledger at any time; to take a new Pledger, the old one must first die. Edel Raids are also capable of using "songs" (謳), which are the equivalent of magical spells. If their elemental gelade is removed, they turn into normal humans.
 * Sting Raid - Otherwise known as Viros in the manga, it is an imitation Edel Raid, possessing lesser powers than that of true Edel Raids. (3 Edel Raids can finish off entire armies of sting raids) They are actually created with imitation elemental gelades or elemental stones. They are generally treated as tools by the Chaos Choir. Sting Raids are also different from Edel Raids in that they don't need a Pledger to react with, they can transform a part of their body.
 * Garden of Eden or Edel Garden - Where Edel Raids are born.
 * Elemental Gelade - A gem that is embedded on the Edel raid's body. It is proof that they are an Edel Raid. It is also stated to be their soul.
 * Shichikou-hoji - The strongest of the Edel Raid bloodlines. There are seven of them.

Manga
Written and illustrated by Mayumi Azuma, the Elemental Gelade manga was first serialized in Mag Garden magazine Monthly Comic Blade from February 28, 2002 to December 28, 2009. The individual chapters were collected and published into 18 tankōbon volumes by Mag Garden between October 10, 2002 and March 10, 2010. In the summer of 2003, A.D. Vision announced that they acquired the manga's right to the North American audience. Ultimately, however, twelve volumes were released from July 3, 2006 to September 7, 2010 by Tokyopop until it went bankrupt. In 2012, it was relicensed by Digital Manga Publishing (DMP) and all 18 volumes were published in digital format between June 5, 2012 and May 20, 2013.

A spin-off series called Erementar Gerad Flag of Bluesky (蒼空の戦旗), also by Mayumi Azuma, was first serialized in the Japanese bi-monthly manga magazine Comic Blade Masamune on June 15, 2003, but then migrated to the monthly magazine Comic Blade Avarus on September 15, 2007. In March 2015, the series was put on indefinite hiatus due to Azuma's glaucoma. The first tankōbon volume was released on July 9, 2004 and latest and eighth was released on October 15, 2013. It has been released in North America in digital form by DMP since May 16, 2013. The latter volume published by DMP was the sixth volume on April 29, 2014. Flag of Bluesky takes place two years after the original story and stars a new heroine named Acheaburca Fuajarl XIV, a princess of the Fuajarl Kingdom.

Anime
The anime adaptation of Elemental Gelade was first aired in Japan on TV Tokyo, starting from April 5, 2005. Xebec produced the animated television series which spawned 26 episodes directed by Shigeru Ueda and music by Yuki Kajiura. The production of the anime adaptation was estimated to cost $400,000. Since the anime was produced before the original story had ended, a new opposing organization called Chaos Choir and their members was created. Existing characters such as Viro were adjusted to fit the new storyline.

In April 2005, Geneon Entertainment announced they were the North American licensor at the MIP TV trade show in France, although ADV Films originally announced that they were the licensor as part of a co-production deal with Mag Garden at Anime Expo in July 2004. Geneon released six DVD volumes bi-monthly from June 2006 to April 2007 containing four to five episodes each. On July 3, 2008, Geneon Entertainment and Funimation announced an agreement to distribute select titles in North America after Geneon ceased distribution of their own titles in October 2007. While Geneon Entertainment will still retain the license, Funimation will assume exclusive rights to the manufacturing, marketing, sales and distribution of select titles. Elemental Gelade was one of several titles involved in the deal.

As of October 2007, Geneon no longer is involved in the US anime industry, so North American distribution rights of the anime have been rescued from Geneon by Funimation.

On October 23, 2018, Discotek Media, known for licensing and rescuing various anime from many generations, rescued this series for a 1-disc SDBD release on December 18, 2018.

ImaginAsian TV, an American television network, broadcast the series along with several other titles from Geneon Entertainment as part of their animation block "Anime EnerG". It was first aired in Japanese with English subtitles beginning January 30, 2007 and later aired with English dubs.

Music

 * Opening Theme
 * "Forever..."
 * Lyrics: Aa
 * Composition: takumi
 * Arrangement: Hideyuki "Daichi" Suzuki
 * Artist: savage genius

 * Ending Theme
 * "Yakusoku" (約束)
 * Lyrics & Composition: Michihiro Kuroda
 * Arrangement: Kazuyoshi Baba
 * Artist: Michihiro Kuroda
 * Episodes: 1-25

 * Insert Theme
 * "everlasting song"
 * Lyrics, Composition, & Arrangement: Yuki Kajiura
 * Artist: FictionJunction ASUKA
 * Episodes: 26
 * "Ameagari"
 * Artist: Savage Genius
 * Episode: 15

Audio CDs
Three drama CDs was released by Frontier Works every eleven months for three years starting on October 24, 2003. It featured different voice actors than the anime adaptation. Three maxi singles of the opening and ending themes, two original soundtracks, and one drama CD featuring voice actors from the anime adaptation was released by Victor Entertainment between April 21, 2005 and September 22, 2005.

Video games
Three video games based on Elemental Gelade were released only in Japan midway through the anime season for mobile phones, PlayStation 2, and Game Boy Advance. Prior to the PS2 release, Taito released a 2D fighting game for mobile phones in May 2005. The PS2 version of the game called Erementar Gerad: Matoe, Suifu no Ken was released on June 30, 2005. Matoe, Suifu no Ken is a 3D cel-shaded fighting game featuring seven characters/groups and two unlockable characters in four modes of play. It was re-released on June 8, 2006 as part of the Taito Best lineup.

The GBA game called Elemental Gelade: Tozasareshi Uta is a 2D turn-based role-playing video game released on July 7, 2005 developed by Jupiter and published by Tomy Corporation. Playing as Kou, Ren, Cisqua, Rowen, and Kuea, you journey from town to town and fight enemies through an original story and meet new original characters.

Reception
On the week of March 8–14, 2010, both the 18th of Elemental Gelade and the sixth volume of Flag of Bluesky were featured on Oricon's weekly chart of the best-selling manga–on the 15th and 30th spot for selling 38,996 and 24,649 copies respectively.

In Jason Thompson's online appendix to Manga: The Complete Guide, he regards the plot as being stereotypically shōnen.

Xenoblade Chronicles 2, a game developed by Monolith Soft and published by Nintendo, shares strikingly similar story and character elements to Elemental Gelade, e.g. "Drivers" and "Blades" instead of "Pledgers" and "Eldel Raids" or "Elysium" instead of "Eldel Garden".

title: Elemental Gelade


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Talk:Symplectic topology

Discussion
This article does appear to have resulted in some clearing of the brushwood out of the forest - but I still find the need to ask the 'obvious question'...

I am a physicist (who graduated back in the days when they still took examinations on 3-legged stools :-). I've done a course on classical mechanics, and know the relevance of phase space and Liouville's theorem to statistical mechanics.

What new insights, mathematical or (preferably) physical, will symplectic topology in general and this article in particular offer me? (Or is this still a conversation piece between Mathematicians that others are not really bright enough to share?) Linuxlad 08:25, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

PS Nonetheless, the article is welcome

 * I'm a novice Wikipedia editor who just got his Ph.D. in symplectic topology. I am interested in developing this area of Wikipedia a bit further. The pseudoholomorphic curve article is a start; next is Gromov-Witten invariants. There is still much work to do in connecting the math pages with the string theory pages. This reflects the larger gap in language between the math and physics communities. IMHO Wikipedia could be a great help in closing this gap.--Joshuardavis 18:02, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Symplectic topology is not the same as symplectic geometry
I don't think that symplectic topology and symplectic geometry should be used as synonyms.

I have never heard anyone say that work with moment maps etc. is symplectic topology. It is, however, quite naturally an example of symplectic geometry.

I would draw the line as follows : symplectic topology is interested in the various problems of a differential topology nature that one can ask about a symplectic manifold. For instance, I would group under this heading all questions of embeddings (of Lagrangians, of symplectic submanifolds, etc.)

Symplectic geometry is, in my opinion, the larger field that includes symplectic topology as well as all symplectic problems that have nothing to do with topology (e.g. how many torus group actions can you have).

In this sense, symplectic geometry has a fairly long history, whereas symplectic topology really came into its own only with Gromov's pseudoholomorphic curve paper.

Any thoughts on this?

SammyBoy 23:22, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Your remarks are quite consistent with my experience. In particular, the examples of pseudoholomorphic curves as symplectic topology and moment maps as symplectic geometry are accurate. On the other hand, it is not clear to me that symplectic topology is a subset of symplectic geometry; the former is the study of soft properties of symplectic manifolds, and the latter is the study of rigid properties? Also, given that subjects within math are ill-defined and always reconfiguring, I'm not sure it's useful to worry about the distinction. Joshuardavis 01:52, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree that the two terms have slightly different meanings. However, I also think there is a considerable overlap between the two subjects, perhaps more so than in the case of differential geometry vs. differential topology. Perhaps it would be a good idea to rename this page symplectic geometry and topology and discuss the differences between the two. -- Fropuff 16:30, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

 * By the way, I have changed the redirect on Symplectic geometry to point to Symplectic topology rather than Symplectic manifold. Joshuardavis 17:15, 14 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, it used to point here. I didn't catch that someone changed it to the manifold page. -- Fropuff 01:13, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Until such time as it is deemed necessary to distinguish symplectic topology from symplectic geometry more carefully, I added a short parenthetical note at the beginning indicating that the two are not synonymous. (I also clarified Darboux's Theorem. It's not that it was stated incorrectly as such, but it was a little unclear since a locally isomorphic structure doesn't really involve the notion of a "pair of manifolds".) VectorPosse 09:23, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the excellent thoughts. I just noticed that there is a Moment map page.  We should see about writing a little paragraph about "classical" symplectic geometry (Moment maps, symplectic reductions, Delzant polytopes, etc.)  Unfortunately, I do symplectic topology and have only a sketchy knowledge of these things.  Anyone with some expertise?  A big picture of the field may help give a better sense of what is important and what isn't. -- SammyBoy 08:12, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Symplectic topology


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Pizza-La

Pizza-La (ピザーラ) is a Japanese pizza delivery chain. It is the second largest pizza chain in Japan, after Domino's Pizza. The company has its headquarters in the Zenkaren Building (全菓連ビル) in Minami Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo. The name of the company was created by combining the words "pizza" and "Godzilla".

The company's slogan is "All the taste and toppings you want on a pizza, straight from our oven to your door!" Their mascot is Pizza-La-kun.

History
Hidenori Asano, the chairman of Four Seeds Inc. (Pizza-La's parent company), was inspired to create the chain after viewing E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial in which Domino's Pizza featured. Asano had previously planned to start an offshoot of Domino's Pizza itself as a directly managed store, rather than one managed by a franchise. However, Domino's had already applied for franchising rights in Japan in 1985 and had already started business. Asano then decided to establish his own chain, and in April 1987 the first Pizza-La store opened in the Mejiro district of Toshima, Tokyo. Its expansion into the national market began in December 1989 starting with the store in the Tsuchizaki district of Akita, Akita. Commercials for Pizza-La began in 1991 using the slogan "ピザーラお届け!!" ("Pizza-La Delivery!!") incorporating a variety of actors.

By 2012 Pizza-La had opened 552 stores in Japan, and by 2015 the chain had expanded into all prefectures excluding Aomori, Fukui, Tottori, Shimane, Kagawa, Ehime, Kochi, Saga and Ōita prefectures.

Stores
While Pizza-La is primarily a delivery service, take-out stores called Pizza-La Style have operated since 2020, and are mostly located inside supermarkets.

The Fuji-Q Highland theme park has a Pizza-La store next to the "Tondemina" pendulum ride, which offers a themed pizza with sausages placed to make it resemble the rotating disk. Due to the attraction's resemblance to a pizza, the Pizza-La logo is printed onto the pendulum arm that supports the disk.

In addition, on October 5, 2006, the KidZania branch in Tokyo first provided a pizza preparation activity sponsored by Pizza-La.

Food trucks
Food trucks called Pizza-La Caravan operate outside of the chain's normal delivery range. They are known to go to remote regions in Japan, including to the Izu Islands.

Sporting events
Pizza-La is a former sponsor of Bowling Revolution P★League.

Public health incident
On August 24, 2013, images in which two part-time employees of Pizza-La's Higashiyamato branch in Tokyo posed inside its sink and refrigerator were released onto the Internet. On the same day they were found to have gone viral on Twitter and several bulletin boards. The following day a public apology was made by the company, and the Higashiyamato branch was temporarily closed while disposal of preserved foods and disinfection of the sink and refrigerator began. As of August 30 the two employees were fired. The company that acted as a franchisee of the Higashiyamato branch had lost consumer trust due to the incident and suspended business in October 2015. On July 27, 2016, the company began bankruptcy proceedings with the Tokyo District Court.

It was also found that said employees had released images of themselves squatting on display shelves and inside refrigeration cabinets at the Seiyu supermarket in Ōme, Tokyo a day before the incident, on August 23.

In popular culture

 * In Yakuza 0, there is a substory where Kazuma Kiryu orders a special combination pizza from Pizza-La and delivers it to a foreign woman after misunderstanding her accent when she asks for help getting a visa.
 * In the anime, My Hero Academia, the police pretended to be a delivery man for Pizza-La before busting in to the League of Villains Hideout.

title: Pizza-La


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Pueraria mirifica

Pueraria mirifica, also known as กวาวเครือ Kwao Krua (among other names), is a plant found in northern and north eastern Thailand and Myanmar.

In Thailand, the plant is known as “Kwao Krua Kao”, the 'Kao' meaning white which distinguishes Pueraria mirifica from other plants with tuberous roots also sharing the 'Kwao Krua' designation such as Butea superba, commonly called Kwao Krua Deng (Red) and the 'black' and 'dull grey' Kwao Krua plants. The species was definitively identified as Pueraria mirifica in 1952.

Dried and powdered, the tuberous root of Pueraria mirifica has a history of domestic consumption in Thailand in traditional folk medicine as a rejuvenating herb to promote youthfulness in both women and men and is used widely within the now government-regulated practice of traditional Thai medicine.

History
Evidence of the use of Pueraria mirifica can be definitively identified as early as the 13th Century AD. The ancient capital of Burma, known then as Pookham but now called Bagan, was one of the most important centers of knowledge in the Asian region until being sacked and partially destroyed by Kublai Khan's Mongol invasion of the late 13th Century. In 1931 a text was discovered secreted within the walls of a Buddhist temple that predated the Mongol invasion. Originally written on palm leaves, and translated into English and published in 1931, the document includes the instructions: "To take the tuberous root of Pueraria with big leaves, pound and blend with cow’s milk. The benefits of this medicine is to support memory, talk big, and be able to remember three books of the astrology, make the skin smooth like six year old kid, live more than 1,000 years and parasite diseases are not able to be of trouble."

Modern knowledge of Pueraria mirifica can be traced to the publication of the booklet containing the reference to the plant's use in ancient times, with the author Luang Anusan Suntara claiming in his publication use of the ingredient reduced wrinkles, got rid of gray hair, improved eyesight and memory, along with other benefits.

Two decades later in 1952 Pueraria mirifica was formally defined with its botanical nomenclature under the sponsorship of Dr. Kerr, the then Director of the Botanical Section of the Journal of the Siam Society.

Etymology
The plant's specific name is derived from Latin mirificus 'wonderful', 'miraculous'.

Uses
Some herbal supplements claim various health benefits of the extracts of Pueraria mirifica including increasing breast size, skin, nail and hair health, reducing acne, balancing hormones and other rejuvenating effect. These claims are unsubstantiated and not backed by medical experts.

Chemical constituents
Pueraria mirifica contains various phytoestrogens including deoxymiroestrol, daidzin, daidzein, genistin, genistein, coumestrol, kwakhurin, and mirificine, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and mirificoumestan. There is contradictory evidence for the presence of miroestrol. It also contains the cytotoxic non-phytoestrogen spinasterol.

title: Pueraria mirifica


text:
User talk:Michaelvandorpe

Hi Michael, thanks for fixing the vandalism on Francis Cardinal Arinze. silsor 08:27, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)

Roberto Cappuccio
Keep in mind that WP:AUTO is just a guideline, not official policy, and thus strictly enforced. So the best way to deal with it is to just make sure it complies with the article policies such as WP:NPOV, WP:V, WP:NOR, and WP:NOT. If it does not apply, you should edit accordingly. It should be noted that his Kat Desktop Search Environment survived an Articles for deletion vote. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 23:27, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Google Maps and the Channel Tunnel
Hi Michael! Just to let you know that I reverted your edit at Channel Tunnel. You added a Google Map with the note that it was a less detailed map than the other one in the External Links. I removed this because, first, why would anyone need a less detailed map of anything? And, second, if viewed in sequence, the two maps were identical (perhaps because of cookies being set by Google, I don't know).

If this is a problem, please let me know on my talk page. Otherwise, happy editing! ➨ ❝ R E  DVERS ❞ 22:23, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The Sangatte map still seems to add nothing: at first glance (or, in my case, after the best part of twenty minutes staring at it) I still can't see where the line emerges and where the line then runs. Without that information, the map is of limited interest to an encyclopedia (kinda like putting a map of the whole UK in an article talking about Aston Cross in Birmingham - it's not off topic, but it's not exactly directly related either).

 * Personally I'd suggest leaving the map out, or finding another map to link to that makes it clear what the general reader is looking at. However, if you're determined to reverse my edit I'm not going to edit war with you and you should feel free to re-add the confusing Google image. Any other questions or comments, please get in touch: I'm always happy to help! Cheers! ➨ ❝ R E  DVERS ❞ 23:25, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

Apache HTTP Server
Hi. What was the rationale for changing "cache" to "cach" and Comparison of web servers to List of Web servers, prefixing "Apache 2.2" with a definite article, introducing a comma splice in that same sentence, and capitalizing the second word of a section header in these edits of Apache HTTP Server? Thanks. —Fleminra 00:07, 26 January 2006 (UTC)
 * It looks like your revision is a fork (so to speak) from this revision (13:55, January 14, 2006), which could be the result of a bug in MediaWiki, or some web caching misconfiguration anywhere along the line between the Wikipedia database and your web browser. Otherwise it could happen if you clicked "edit" while looking at that archived Jan-14 revision (in which case you would see "WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision"), or least likely, you clicked "Save page" 11 days after clicking "edit page"… this last situation should be detected by MediaWiki as an edit conflict though, since of course there were edits subsequent to Jan. 14.  Anyway I suppose it's impossible to know exactly what happened.  I've seen weird behavior before from Wikipedia, but usually the weirdness disappears within minutes (as all the databases and caches sync up)..  Regards, Fleminra 10:21, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Michaelvandorpe


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Ciborium (container)

A ciborium (plural ciboria; Medieval Latin ciborium "drinking cup", from the Ancient Greek κιβώριον kibōrion, "drinking cup" ) is a vessel, normally in metal. It was originally a particular shape of drinking cup in Ancient Greece and Rome, but the word later came to refer to a large covered cup designed to hold hosts for, and after, the Eucharist, thus the counterpart (for the bread) of the chalice (for the wine).

The word is also used for a large canopy over the altar of a church, which was a common feature of Early Medieval church architecture, now relatively rare.

History
The ancient Greek word referred to the cup-shaped seed vessel of the Egyptian water-lily nelumbium speciosum and came to describe a drinking cup made from that seed casing, or in a similar shape. These vessels were particularly common in ancient Egypt and the Greek East. The word "ciborium" was also used in classical Latin to describe such cups, although the only example to have survived is in one of Horace's odes (2.7.21–22).

In medieval Latin, and in English, "Ciborium" more commonly refers to a covered container used in Roman Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran and related churches to store the consecrated hosts of the sacrament of Holy Communion. It resembles the shape of a chalice but its bowl is more round than conical, and takes its name from its cover, surmounted by a cross or other sacred design. In the early Catholic Church, Holy Communion was not kept in churches for fear of sacrilege or desecration; the religion was still largely illegal and subject to frequent persecutions. Later, the first ciboria were kept at homes to be handy for the Last Rites where needed. In churches, a ciborium is usually kept in a tabernacle or aumbry. In some cases, it may be veiled (see photograph below) to indicate the presence of the consecrated hosts. It is typically made, or at least plated, in a precious metal.

Other containers for the host include the paten (a small plate) or a basin (for loaves of bread rather than wafers) used at the time of consecration and distribution at the main service of Holy Eucharist. A pyx is a small, circular container into which a few consecrated hosts can be placed. Pyxes are typically used to bring communion to the sick or housebound.

title: Ciborium (container)


text:
Category:Parliamentary constituencies in Sheffield

 * For more information, see the article about Districts of Sheffield.


text:
User:Dvortygirl

Dvortygirl can most often be found hanging around the Wiktionary trying to improve things in that much newer, less complete, and frequently less research-intensive project. If you have a stub that might work better in a dictionary, or you like words and language, come on over!

She has been known to play piccolo at least well enough to elicit positive comments (yes, from others!), and she certainly appreciates all the Wikipedia contributors who have created the wonderful content here. Thanks, folks!

title: User:Dvortygirl


text:
User:Beerslurpy

My interests include

technical discussions of automotive technology, manufacturing, firearms, computers, programming.

I am also interested in politics, anthropology, history and general science.

Pages I have written so far:

Saiga-12

Curtilage

Castle Doctrine

Dr. Martin Fackler needs more work. I know he has a bio somewhere. I will add more when I find one.

I added heavily to: Eloi as well, adding more information on The Time Traveller and also the reference to Neal Stephenson's essay.

I routinely monitor the AK74, AK47, 5.45x39, 7.62x39 pages to make sure people arent putting old wives tales in there.

title: User:Beerslurpy


text: Template:User fi-2

title: Template:User fi-2


text: Template:User fi-1

title: Template:User fi-1


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User:Nemethe

Full name: Németh Ervin (using eastern name order)

Location: Hungary/Budapest

Education: masters degree equivalent in technical informatics

title: User:Nemethe


text:
Richard Armour

Richard Willard Armour (July 15, 1906 – February 28, 1989) was an American poet and prose writer who wrote more than 65 books.

Life and works
Armour was born in San Pedro, Los Angeles, California the only child of Harry W. and Sue Wheelock Armour. His father was a druggist, and Armour's autobiographical Drug Store Days recalls his childhood in both San Pedro and Pomona. He attended Pomona College and Harvard University, where he studied with the eminent Shakespearean scholar George Lyman Kittredge and obtained a Ph.D. in English philology. He was married to Kathleen Stevens and they had two children, Geoffrey and Karin, and he eventually became Professor of English at Scripps College and the Claremont Graduate School in Claremont, California. In 1968, Armour was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters (L.H.D.) degree from Whittier College.

In his early career he focused on serious literature, publishing (in 1935) a biography of the lesser English poet Bryan Waller Procter and in 1940, co-editing (with Raymond F. Howes) a series of observations by contemporaries about Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Coleridge the Talker. Virginia Woolf cited this work in an essay stating, "Two pious American editors have collected the comments of this various company [Coleridge's acquaintances], and they are, of course, various. Yet it is the only way of getting at the truth—to have it broken into many splinters by many mirrors and so select."

Armour wrote humorous poems—light verse—in a style reminiscent of Ogden Nash. These poems were often featured in newspaper Sunday supplements in a feature called Armour's Armory. Many of Armour's poems have been repeatedly and incorrectly attributed to Nash. Probably Armour's most-quoted poem (often incorrectly attributed to Nash) is the quatrain: "Shake and shake / the catsup bottle / none will come / and then a lot'll." Another popular quatrain of his, also usually attributed erroneously to Nash, is: "Nothing attracts / the mustard from wieners / as much as the slacks / just back from the cleaners."

Armour also wrote satirical books, such as Twisted Tales from Shakespeare, and his ersatz history of the United States, It All Started With Columbus. These books were typically filled with puns and plays on words, and gave the impression of someone who had not quite been paying attention in class, thus also getting basic facts not quite right, to humorous effect.

As an example: "In an attempt to take Baltimore, the British attacked Fort McHenry, which protected the harbor. Bombs were soon bursting in air, rockets were glaring, and all in all it was a moment of great historical interest. During the bombardment, a young lawyer named Francis "Off" Key wrote The Star-Spangled Banner, and when, by the dawn's early light, the British heard it sung, they fled in terror."

It All Started with Europa begins in the wilderness full of "fierce animals ready to spring and fierce birds ready to chirp."

It All Started with Marx includes the rabble-rousing Lenin declaring in public "Two pants with every suit!," "Two suits with every pants!" and "The Tsar is a tsap!"

It All started with Eve quotes Napoleon as writing in a letter "Do you [ Joséphine ] miss me? I hope the enemy artillery does."

His book The Classics Reclassified includes take-offs on works such as The Iliad, Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, David Copperfield by Charles Dickens, etc.; each take-off is prefaced by a short biography of the work's author in the same style. For Shakespeare, it says he "was baptized April 26, 1564. When he was born is disputed, but anyone who argues that it was after this date is just being difficult."

Armour's books are typically written in a style parodying dull academic tomes, with many footnotes (funny in themselves), fake bibliographies, quiz sections, and glossaries. This style was pioneered by the British humorists W. C. Sellar and R. J. Yeatman with their parody of British history 1066 and All That in the 1930s.

A preface of one book noted "The reader will not encounter any half-truths, but may occasionally encounter a truth-and-a-half."

Poetry

 * Collections
 * Anthologies (edited)
 * List of poems
 * Anthologies (edited)
 * List of poems
 * Anthologies (edited)
 * List of poems
 * Anthologies (edited)
 * List of poems
 * Anthologies (edited)
 * List of poems
 * Anthologies (edited)
 * List of poems
 * List of poems

Appearance on You Bet Your Life
In 1957, Armour appeared on the television game show You Bet Your Life. After introductions, host Groucho Marx repeated the show's famous catch-phrase, "Say the secret word, win a hundred dollars." Each episode of the show had a secret, common word (i.e. home, head, door) and if the contestant said the word during his/her interview, then the partnered contestants would each get $50. In this particular case, Armour caught the host in a semantic trap, by immediately stating, "The secret word." He then demanded his $100. After a very brief moment of confusion the band broke out with a short medley indicating that the secret word had been said. Announcer and assistant George Fenneman then arrived on camera and turned to Armour, "From the C.O. over here that we will allow you to do what you just did. But nobody else better try this. That's what they said." Armour replied, "Thank you, very much." And Fenneman left the frame and responded, "You're welcome," quickly caught himself, and almost cut himself off stating, "I had nothing to do with it." Normally when the secret word is said, Groucho immediately hands over cash. He did not hand over the cash and it's unclear if they paid Armour the bonus even after Armour and his partner won the game. He also composed the following poem that he read to Groucho.

To Groucho

Most poets write of Meadowlarks I sing instead of Groucho Marx His lustrous eyes, each like a star His noble brow, his sweet cigar His manly stride, his soft moustache His easy way with sponsors' cash His massive shoulders, brawny arms His intellect, his many charms In short, unless the truth I stray from A man to keep your wife away from.

He also recited a couple of other humorous poems on the program.

title: Richard Armour


text: Template:User fi-3

title: Template:User fi-3


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sensitron 2

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy delete. —Korath (Talk) 03:29, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)

Sensitron

 * Restored from speedy. It was recreated. It was deleted according to the previous vote at Votes for deletion/Sensitron. IMO the vote was done without due diligency. The company has HUGE number of gioogle hits. On the other hand, the number of voters was IMO insufficient to justify deletion. Their reasons are poorly grounded: "advertising". The article states mere facts and has no hype. Mikkalai 08:39, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment (Rl 12:08, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC))
 * The "HUGE number" of Google hits are for other companies with the same name.
 * During the previous VfD, the creator of the article removed the VfD notice, voted under a wrong name, and blanked the VfD page. I am not really ecstatic about giving him a stage once more.
 * FWIW, the article that I remember from the previous VfD read a lot more like a sales pitch.
 * Yes, probably the original version. But the deleted one was basically like this one. Mikkalai 22:09, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * copyvio/advert from speedy delete DDerby 13:55, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete again as noted, the respectable Google hits are for other companies. A search for their one and only product (at least, the only one mentioned in the article) brings 67 unique Google hits link and they have a very low current Alexa ranking of 4,189,365. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  15:41, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete again; if you think the original deletion was unfounded, shouldn't this be on WP:VFU instead? Radiant_* 16:43, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy deleted as re-creation of material previously voted for deletion. Mikkalai, please list on VfU if you believe the VfD process was improper. Dpbsmith (talk) 16:54, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, at least this vote is talking more seriously than the previous one, so I will not go for VfU. Mikkalai 22:09, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.