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Klaus Flouride

Klaus Flouride is the stage name of Geoffrey Lyall (born May 30, 1949), an American musician who is the bassist and backing vocalist for the San Francisco punk rock band Dead Kennedys.

Early life
Lyall was born in Detroit, Michigan to Bryce Lyall and Louise Robbins Lyall. As a child, he was fascinated by records, and the music hidden in their grooves and started collecting records at age seven. During the Great Depression, his father had played saxophone and banjo in New Orleans speakeasys, and from an early age Klaus had access to his parents' wide-ranging record collection. His older brother and sister began introducing him to rock when they were in middle and high school, with his brother introducing him to Elvis Presley, his sister introducing him to Little Richard, and both introducing him to Jerry Lee Lewis. At age 8, After seeing Buddy Holly on the Ed Sullivan Show, his parents bought him his first Stella guitar after his continuous insistence. He started learning to read music, but the guitar was unmanageable for his small hands. His guitar teacher declared to his parents that he would never learn to play. At age 13, he moved to a Gibson and started another serious attempt at learning to play it. At age 14, he formed his first band, a surf group called The Woodsmen; his first real band was The Liberators.

Career
Flouride moved to Boston in 1967, where he bought his first bass to play in a power trio named Thursday Parade. He briefly played with singer Billy Squier in Magic Terry & The Universe. He moved between Boston and New York City for the next few years, playing concerts ranging from solo performances to R&B and blues bands.

He became involved in punk rock after moving to San Francisco in 1977 and spending time at the Mabuhay Gardens. He joined Dead Kennedys after answering East Bay Ray's ad in a local music magazine. He played on all their records, and co-wrote many of their songs.

Flouride began working on a solo album following the release of Dead Kennedys' second album, 1982's Plastic Surgery Disasters, coming out with the 12" single "Shortnin' Bread" (with "The Drowning Cowboy" as the B-Side) in 1982 and the EP Cha Cha Cha With Mr. Flouride in 1985.

After Dead Kennedys broke up in 1986, Flouride concentrated on his solo career, releasing Because I Say So in 1988 and The Light Is Flickering in 1991, the latter album including the song "Dancing with Shauna Grant".

Flouride also works in the studio as a producer and mixer and has done projects with many artists including the Hi-Fives.

In 2001, Flouride reunited with Ray and Peligro under the Dead Kennedys name.

Equipment
Klaus Flouride played a Lake Placid Blue Fender Jazz Bass from 1966 that he purchased for $200; this was his main bass guitar during his years with the Dead Kennedys. However, in March 2013 the bass was stolen in Brazil; Flouride believes that the airlines lost it. Luthier Tony Schroom, built Flouride a new instrument complete with the same stickers and scratches of the old one. He has also played with a Fender Bass VI, particularly on the Bedtime For Democracy album.

Flouride used "an Acoustic 150b amp, and an Acoustic 402 cabinet with stock speakers at least thru 'In God We Trust'", before getting a Traynor Mono Block B amp to replace the Acoustic head. He primarily uses a Gallien Krueger MB 500 and an Ampeg SVT cabinet when he is on tour. According to a recent post on Flouride's website, he uses a Boss Blues Driver and a Boss TU-2 tuner pedal. Flouride also played clarinet on the DK song Terminal Preppie.

Albums

 * Cha Cha Cha With Mr. Flouride (1985), Alternative Tentacles
 * Because I Say So (1988), Alternative Tentacles
 * The Light Is Flickering (1991), Alternative Tentacles
 * Flouride Treatments (2011) - sold via Flouride's web store only

Singles

 * "Shortnin Bread" (1982), Alternative Tentacles

title: Klaus Flouride


text:
Claire Bretécher

Claire Bretécher (17 April 1940 – 10 February 2020) was a French cartoonist, known particularly for her portrayals of women and gender issues. Her creations included Les Frustrés, and the unimpressed teenager Agrippine.

Biography
Bretécher was born in Nantes and got her first break as an illustrator when she was asked to provide the artwork for Le facteur Rhésus by René Goscinny for L'Os à moelle in 1963. She went on to work for several popular magazines and in 1969 invented the character "Cellulite". In 1972 she joined Gotlib and Mandryka in founding the Franco-Belgian comics magazine L'Écho des savanes.

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, she published successful collections, such as The Destiny of Monique (1982). In 2001, Bretécher's series Agrippine was adapted into a 26-episode TV series by Canal+.

Claire Bretécher was the widow of French constitutionalist with whom she had a son.

She died in Paris on 10 February 2020, after suffering for some years from Alzheimer's disease.

Awards

 * 1975: Best French Author at the Angoulême International Comics Festival, France
 * 1987: Adamson Award for Best International Comic Book Cartoonist, Sweden
 * 1999: Humour Award at the Angoulême International Comics Festival
 * 2002: nominated for the Dialogue Award at the Angoulême International Comics Festival

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Claire Bretécher


text:
Aerotrans Airlines

Aerotrans Airlines was an airline from Cyprus. It was operational from 1999 to 2002.

title: Aerotrans Airlines


text:
Northern Lighthouse Board

The Northern Lighthouse Board (NLB) is the general lighthouse authority for Scotland and the Isle of Man. It is a non-departmental public body responsible for marine navigation aids around coastal areas.

History
The NLB was formed by Act of Parliament in 1786 as the Commissioners of Northern Light Houses, largely at the urging of the lawyer and politician George Dempster ("Honest George"), to oversee the construction and operation of four Scottish lighthouses: Kinnaird Head, North Ronaldsay, Scalpay and Mull of Kintyre, for which they were empowered to borrow up to £1,200. Until then, the only major lighthouse in Scotland was the coal brazier mounted on the Isle of May in the Firth of Forth, together with some smaller lights in the Firths of the Tay and Clyde. None of the major passages around Scotland, which led through dangerous narrows, were marked.

The commissioners, whose first president was the Lord Provost of Edinburgh, Sir James Hunter-Blair, advertised for building estimates, but there were no takers. They received an offer of help from Ezekiel Walker of King's Lynn, who had developed a parabolic reflector for the Hunstanton Lighthouse, and sent Thomas Smith, who was making his name in street lighting in Edinburgh and had offered help, to England to learn from him. Smith soon returned and instructed an Edinburgh architect to prepare the plans for four lighthouses.

The £1,200 was spent before the first light at Kinnaird Head was finished, and a further Act of Parliament was required which allowed them to receive half their dues before all the lights were finished. By the end of 1787 the first light had been installed. At the Mull of Kintyre everything had to be transported by pack horse from Campbeltown, 12 miles away, but it was lit by October 1788. To get to Scalpay in the Outer Hebrides and North Ronaldsay in the Orkney Isles needed boat trips across rough waters for Smith and Mills, the stonemason, but all the same the job was completed by October 1789, to widespread praise. The dues which had originally been set at two shillings per ton of cargo in the 17th century, were now reduced to one penny per ton.

The Commissioners' most famous engineer was Robert Stevenson, whose sons David, Alan, and Thomas followed their father into the profession. The Stevenson dynasty built the majority of the Northern lights, in some exceptionally challenging locations. Their lights were some of the engineering masterpieces of their time, notably those at Bell Rock, Skerryvore, and Muckle Flugga. Between 1876 and 2005 the NLB also maintained foghorns at a number of locations. The last (at Skerryvore) was sounded for the last time on 4 October 2005.

Operations
The board is based at its Georgian headquarters building in George Street in the centre of Edinburgh, from where it remotely monitors its network. Technical operations are carried out from a base in Oban, Argyll and Bute, where there are maintenance workshops and facilities for the construction of buoys and beacons. The NLB's vessels are also based here. The Oban depot has been recently modernised.

Under the terms of the Scotland Act 1998, the NLB is not a devolved body and thus remains directly accountable to the UK Secretary of State for Transport. In practice, there is close co-operation with both the Scottish Government and the Isle of Man Government. The NLB is funded by pooled light dues administered by the UK's Department for Transport, and distributed to the NLB, Trinity House, and the Commissioners of Irish Lights.

Assets
As of 31 March 2019, the NLB operates the following:

Navigational devices

 * Statutory
 * 206 lighthouses, sub-divided as:
 * 65 with a range of over 15 nautical miles
 * 141 with a range of under 15 nautical miles
 * 170 buoys
 * 25 unlit beacons
 * 4 DGPS stations (and monitoring an additional 2 stations)
 * 29 radar beacons, sub-divided as:
 * 22 on lighthouses
 * 9 on buoys
 * 47 Automatic identification system units, sub-divided as
 * 26 on lighthouses (and monitoring an additional 1 unit)
 * 20 on buoys
 * 3 Virtual AIS unit

 * Contract
 * 2 lighthouses (and 2 in Norwegian waters)
 * 117 buoys
 * 3 radar beacons (and 2 in Norwegian waters)

 * Local Authority
 * 1117 light stations
 * 762 buoy stations

Vessels
The NLB operates two lighthouse tenders/buoy tenders, known by the prefix Northern Lighthouse Vessel, or NLV. NLV Pole Star has been in service since 2000 and NLV Pharos was delivered on 31 March 2007 to the Oban depot. This is the tenth Pharos, replacing the ninth Pharos which was sold in September 2006 for use as a Fishery Protection vessel for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.

The commissioners
Most of the commissioners have always been ex officio appointments. The original commissioners appointed in 1786 were the Scottish law agents of the Crown, the sheriffs of Scotland's coastal counties, and the provosts and lord provosts of Scottish cities and towns with strong mercantile interests. Reform of local government and sheriffdoms have since resulted in changes. Previous commissioners include Richard Vary Campbell.

The current Commissioners of Northern Lighthouses, as provided by Schedule 8 to the Merchant Shipping Act 1995, are the Lord Advocate and the Solicitor General for Scotland; the lords provost of Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Aberdeen, the conveners of the Highland Council and the Argyll and Bute Council; the sheriffs principal of all the sheriffdoms in Scotland; a Manx representative nominated by the Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man and appointed by the Secretary of State; and up to five co-opted commissioners.

Flags
The NLB uses two flags, an ensign and a Commissioners' Flag. The ensign is a Blue Ensign defaced with a white lighthouse in the fly, and is for general use. The Commissioners' flag, a plain White Ensign with a pre-1801 Union Flag in the canton, defaced with a blue lighthouse in the fly, is the only British flag still in use which incorporates the pre-1801 Union Flag. This flag is only flown from vessels with Commissioners aboard.

The Board HQ flies the Commissioners' flag, alongside the Saltire and the Isle of Man flag.

title: Northern Lighthouse Board


text:
Cross of Saint Peter

The Cross of Saint Peter, also known as the Petrine Cross, is an inverted Latin cross traditionally used as a Christian symbol, but in recent times, it has also been used as an anti-Christian and Satanic symbol. In Christianity, it is associated with the martyrdom of Saint Peter. The symbol originates from the Catholic tradition that when sentenced to death, Peter requested that his cross be upside down.

In Christianity

The origin of the symbol comes from the tradition that Saint Peter was crucified upside down. This narrative first appears in the "Martyrdom of Peter", a text found in, but possibly predating, the Acts of Peter, an apocryphal work which was originally composed during the second half of the 2nd century. In the Acts of Peter, the author writes that Peter's request to be crucified upside-down was to make a point: that the values of those crucifying him were upside-down, and that we need to look beyond the inverted values of this world and adopt the values of Jesus if we wish to enter the Kingdom of heaven. Another common interpretation is that Saint Peter asked to be crucified upside-down because he felt that he was not worthy to die in the same way that Jesus was killed.

Another important Christian who died in the same way was Philip the Apostle.

Occult symbol
The cross of Saint Peter has also been used for non-Christian symbolism. A 19th-century occult leader Eugène Vintras, known for his claim to be the reincarnation of the Prophet Elijah, was the first to wear the inverted cross. Vintras and his followers were condemned by followers of Pope Gregory XVI in an 1846 pamphlet, The Saints of Tilly-sur-Seulle, for homosexuality, conducting Black Masses in the nude, and masturbating on altars.

In popular culture
The inverted cross is a recurring motif in metal music, particularly black metal, in congruity with its anti-Christian themes. One well-known example is Glen Benton of the band Deicide who branded an inverted cross onto his forehead.

Former Black Sabbath drummer Bill Ward suggested that the use of an inverted cross on the inner gatefold sleeve of their debut album by their label Vertigo may have been a promotional ploy or a misunderstanding of the nature of the group.

The Swedish metal band Ghost makes use of the inverted cross in place of the final "t" in the band's wordmark, as well as on singer Papa Emeritus I's chasuble. Also, Ghost uses an inverted cross bisecting the letter G as their logo, the Grucifix.

Experimental trap artist Playboi Carti utilizes the upside down cross for his 2020 album Whole Lotta Red. On the cover, Carti is depicted wearing an inverted crucifix pendant. This piece of jewelry has remained a staple with his outfits. Similarly, his Opium signee Ken Carson has inserted the iconography into the cover for his 2023 album A Great Chaos.

Many horror films use inverted crosses as part of their imagery and marketing, especially if the film involves demonic themes. Examples include The Amityville Horror, The Conjuring and Paranormal Activity. At the end of Rosemary's Baby, an upside down cross hangs over the bassinet containing Satan's son.

title: Cross of Saint Peter


text: User talk:24.147.39.58

title: User talk:24.147.39.58


text:
Three Bridges railway station

Three Bridges railway station is located in and named after the village of Three Bridges, which is now a district of Crawley, West Sussex, England. It is at the point where the Arun Valley Line diverges from the Brighton Main Line and Thameslink, 29 mi down the line from London Bridge via Redhill.

History
The original Italianate style railway station on the East side of the line at Three Bridges was opened in July 1841 by the London and Brighton Railway at a point next to their proposed branch to Horsham. It was designed by the architect David Mocatta, and was one of a series of standardised modular buildings used by the railway. This building was demolished 5 May 1985. Mocatta's plans for the station indicate that it was originally going to be known as "Crawley" but according to The London and Brighton railway guide, of 1841 and the 1846 timetable it was named "Three Bridges" from the time it was opened.

Enlargement
The London and Brighton Railway merged with others to become the London Brighton and South Coast Railway in 1846, and the branch to Horsham was opened two years later. Three Bridges was enlarged in July 1855 with the construction of a branch line to East Grinstead and again enlarged in 1906/9 at the time of the quadrupling of the main line. The present ticket office was then built on the west side of the line and new platforms and station buildings for the new lines.

Electrification
Three Bridges was a key site for the electrification scheme for the Brighton main line during 1932/33, housing the control room for the scheme, and was one of three locations where current was taken from the national network and transmitted to substations. Electric multiple unit trains began to run between London and Three Bridges on 17 July 1932. The line was electrified throughout on 30 December. At the same time the practice of using "slip coaches" for East Grinstead at Three Bridges from expresses bound for the south coast was abandoned by the Southern Railway. The line from Three Bridges to Horsham was electrified in May 1938. The single-track branch line to East Grinstead was never electrified. It remained steam operated, using tank locomotives of the M7 and H classes hauling push–pull trains. After the end of steam operation in 1964, it was then briefly operated by diesel-electric multiple units of British Rail Class 205 but closed on 2 January 1967.

Accidents
There have been five recorded accidents at Three Bridges station, the first two of which were relatively minor and involved no injuries. On 12 April 1858 an engine collided with passenger carriages, and on 18 October 1863 an excursion train hit the buffer stops. Two members of station staff died on 13 December 1868 from an explosion of naphtha in a truck of a goods train. On 10 January 1923, shunter Frederick Harmer aged 23, was at work when he slipped from boarding that was covering signal wires. Harmer fell onto the buffer of a wagon and was crushed fatally. On 28 January 1933 an electric train crashed into the back of a steam freight train waiting at the signal box. The driver of the electric train and the guard of the freight train were both seriously injured.

Recent history
In 2021, a tactile map was installed, in collaboration with the Royal National Institute of Blind People, to help blind and partially sighted passengers navigate the station.

Locomotive depot and goods yard
An engine shed was opened in July 1848 on a site to the west of the station. This was closed in 1909 to make way for the enlargement of the station and a new depot was established in the fork between the Brighton and Horsham lines in 1911, which remained open until June 1964.

The original small goods yard to the south of the station was greatly extended during the First World War and was used as a marshalling yard for munitions trains heading for the Continent. Trains from the Great Western Railway and the London and North Western Railway were brought here for onward transmission to Newhaven Harbour.

In the early 2000s, Virgin CrossCountry built a depot at Three Bridges operated by English Welsh and Scottish Railway to service its Class 220 Voyagers. It closed following CrossCountry withdrawing its Gatwick and Brighton services in December 2008 and was subsequently demolished and replaced with EMU stabling sidings.

Three Bridges rail operating centre
In 2010 Network Rail selected Three Bridges as its preferred site for a signalling centre for trains operating in the southeast of England, being central to the London, Brighton, and future Thameslink services, and with no major negative planning issues. A 1.7 ha site 0.5 mi south of Three Bridges station was selected, located in the "fork" between the Arun Valley Line and Brighton Main Line (51.1123°N, -0.1631°W); the centre was located east of a DB Schenker rail depot, and east of depot facilities for the Thameslink rolling stock programme trains, which was under planning development at the same time. The operating centre build was designed as a 71.45 by three-storey building with 6980 m2 of floorspace, providing railway operational, administrative and training facilities. Equipment was primarily on the ground floor, with the operation rooms on first and second floors.

In December 2011, Network Rail began construction of a rail operating centre at Three Bridges, one of 14 countrywide intended to replace several hundred signalboxes; the Three Bridges centre was built to control rail operations in the Sussex area. The facility was constructed by C. Spencer Ltd, and was expected to employ around 600 people, with a 900-person net job benefit once complete. The facility was officially opened in January 2014, with the last section of London Bridge Area Signalling Centre moving to the Three Bridges site in 2020.

Three Bridges rolling stock depot
In 2009 Network Rail submitted a planning application for a rolling stock depot including a three road shed for trains to be procured under the Thameslink rolling stock programme; rejection of the plans for a sister depot at Hornsey resulted in modified plans being submitted in 2011, with the Three Bridges depot expanded to a five-road shed with additional stabling and facilities. The depot was opened in October 2015.

Current services
The station remains an important junction on the Brighton Main Line throughout Southern Railway and British Railways ownership. Train services are now provided by Southern and Thameslink train operating companies.

Facilities
Besides a booking hall, the station has refreshment facilities and shops, as well as toilets and accessibility lifts to platforms.

Platform layout

 * Platform 1: - From Crawley to London via Redhill - Some fast services in the peaks
 * Platform 2: - To London via Redhill / Down to Chichester (off-peak) (Up Slow) Some Terminus from Victoria and Bedford (Down Slow)
 * Platform 3: - To Horsham/Bognor/Crawley - Occasionally Brighton (Down Slow)
 * Platform 4: - To Bedford - Most Thameslink and Fast Victoria services (Up Fast)
 * Platform 5: - To Brighton and/or Eastbourne and/or Littlehampton (Down Fast)

Services
Services at Three Bridges are operated by Southern and Thameslink using and  EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 2 tph to London Victoria
 * 4 tph to Bedford via London Bridge (2 of these run via Redhill)
 * 2 tph to Cambridge
 * 2 tph to Peterborough via Redhill
 * 4 tph to Brighton
 * 2 tph to Horsham (stopping)
 * 2 tph to Bognor Regis and Portsmouth Harbour, dividing at Horsham

On Sundays, the services to London Victoria and Cambridge reduce to hourly. The service from Horsham to Peterborough does not run, but instead one of the Bedford trains ordinarily terminating at Three Bridges is extended to Horsham.

During the night, the station is served by a half-hourly Thameslink service to Bedford (not calling at London Bridge). This service runs on Sunday-Friday nights with an hourly Southern service to London Victoria on Saturday nights.

title: Three Bridges railway station


text:
Victor Braun

Victor Conrad Braun (August 4, 1935 – January 6, 2001) was a Canadian baritone who had a major international performance career in concerts and operas that lasted more than 40 years. While he was an accomplished performer of the standard opera works of Mozart, Puccini, Strauss, Verdi, and Wagner; he was particularly lauded for his portrayals of works by 20th-century composers like Alban Berg, Bartók, Henze, Siegfried Matthus, and Luciano Berio among others.

Life and career
Born in Windsor, Ontario, Braun initially studied geology at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) before deciding to pursue a singing career. While a student at UWO he began studying voice privately with Lillian Wilson in London, Ontario in 1954. In 1956 he entered The Royal Conservatory of Music where he studied singing with George Lambert and Weldon Kilburn. That same year he became a member of the chorus of the Canadian Opera Company (COC). He made his professional solo debut with the company in 1957 as Sciarrone in Puccini's Tosca. He remained committed to the COC for the next five years where he was heard in mainly secondary parts. However, his profile with the company was considerably raised when he gave a much lauded portrayal of Escamillo in Georges Bizet's Carmen in 1961; a role he performed with the company again in 1964. Another critical success for him at the COC was the part of Monterone in Verdi's Rigoletto (1962).

In 1963 Braun left Canada for Europe after having won a stipend to study singing further in Vienna. Just a few months after his time there, he drew international attention for the first time when he won the grand prize at the 1963 Vienna International Mozart Competition. This accomplishment drew the attention of Wieland Wagner who took it upon himself to get Braun a contract with the Frankfurt Opera. He remained a resident artist in Frankfurt for the next five years singing a variety of roles, including Count Almaviva in The Marriage of Figaro and Ottone in Monteverdi's L'incoronazione di Poppea among others. During his time in Frankfurt, he began to appear regularly as a guest artist with other important opera houses in Europe. He sang at the Cologne Opera (1965-1966), Deutsche Oper am Rhein (1966-1968), La Scala (1967, as Wolfram in Tannhäuser), and the Staatsoper Stuttgart (1967-1969) among others.

In 1968 Braun left Frankfurt to become a resident artist at the Bavarian State Opera where he made his debut that year as Almaviva. He remained a contracted member of that house for more than two decades, singing such roles as the Count in Capriccio, Enrico in Lucia di Lammermoor, Ford in Falstaff, Giorgio Germont in La traviata, Golaud in Pelléas et Mélisande, Marcello in La Bohème, Posa in Don Carlos, Scarpia in Tosca, and the title roles in Don Giovanni and Rigoletto among others. At the same time, his career continued to expand internationally with leading roles at the San Francisco Opera (1968 debut as the Count di Luna in Il trovatore) and the Royal Opera, London (1969 debut in the title role of Eugene Onegin). He continued to appear at major opera houses throughout the remainder of his career, including performances with the Berlin State Opera, the Glyndebourne Festival Opera, the Lyric Opera of Chicago, the Metropolitan Opera, the New Orleans Opera, the Opera Company of Boston, Opéra de Nice, the Paris Opera, and the Santa Fe Opera among others. His final opera appearance was in 2000 at the Salzburg Festival as Calchas in La Belle Hélène.

Braun died of Shy–Drager syndrome at the age of 65 in 2001. Braun leaves behind several children - his son Russell Braun is also a Canadian opera singer, his daughter Adi Braun is a professional jazz singer, his son Torsten is the lead vocalist with the band Defective by Design, his son Tim Braun is a baritone living in Cologne and son Lars is a computer analyst living in Düsseldorf, Germany.

title: Victor Braun


text: Category:Hugh Blumenfeld albums

title: Category:Hugh Blumenfeld albums


text:
Talk:Linear motor

Useless picture
Is there really any reason for having the picture of the track remains? There is no explanation in the article why this former track was remarkable. Frankly I don't see anything notable about it, and if it weren't for the caption I'd have no reason to think it's anything other than a big green field. --128.194.150.16 19:21, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I absolutely agree and have difficulty in seeing any remains on the image. The miracle is that your comment was posted in May, and the image is still there, a monument to inertia. Perhaps if someone removed it, its supporters might become vocal...... Paul venter 13:37, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

Another good example
Is the TTC (formerly "People Mover") in Disney's Magic Kingdom (Florida)

 * Please feel free to be bold and add that to the article!

 * Atlant 12:30, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I thought the Bose suspension system was a good example of a unique linear motor use so I am adding a link under "external links".

Low or high acceleration?
Linear motors for space propulsion launch assistance are listed as high acceleration. I've just been reading about the Maglifter project, which is described as being low acceleration. The concept seems to be to have a long enough tunnel housing the track that low acceleration over such a distance is enough to approach escape velocity. DFH 21:48:36, 2005-09-08 (UTC)

Linear actuator
Is Linear actuator another name for a linear motor, or are they different? If they are the same, maybe a merge/redirect from that article is called for? -- Bovineone 05:13, 1 November 2005 (UTC)
 * It certainly sounds alike. I would also add that "Linear Traction Motors" and Linear Motors are the same animal. Piercetp 10:34, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

 * The description of linear actuator seems to make it clear that they are mechanisms driven by conventional rotary motors, whereas linear motors directly produce linear travel. Different animal.

 * Atlant 11:48, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I stand corrected. But I am pretty sure that a linear motor and a linear traction motor are the same thing. Piercetp 18:58, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

 * That sounds right.

 * Atlant 23:35, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

California Screamin'
I was wondering why California Screamin' was listed in the 'see also' section. While it is a LIM-based rollercoaster, it is not the first of its type. To make it completly fair, there would have to be a lot of rollercoasters listed in that section. WBHoenig 01:52, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

ART???
The photo caption says it is an "ART train", but there is no reference to "ART" in the article. What is ART? Ireneshusband 21:39, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Not all Linear Motors are AC. The ART systems use Linear Motors that run from DC current.--Louiechefei28848888 21:30, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

Spam
A link to electojects.com has been repeatedly added to Stepper motor, Electric motor and Brushless DC electric motor by Special:Contributions/217.53.109.235, Special:Contributions/82.201.156.201, Special:Contributions/217.53.107.168, Special:Contributions/217.53.16.164, and others.

The link in question is registered to Abdoh Ali Mohamed, Hay Swesri, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.

I wonder if the four IP addresses listed above have any connection... Naw, couldn't be. Egypt is a big country. Must be a coincidence.

I'm going to start patrolling wikipedia for any links to electojects.com or redirects to it and deleting them on sight. If they come back, I'll move to blacklist the address. Mdsummermsw (talk) 18:16, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

ROLLER COASTERS
What about roller coasters? They use LIM's too...

-Kyle —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.90.174.173 (talk) 00:45, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

Images

Mikiemike (talk) 20:53, 11 February 2008 (UTC)-- --
 * Nice diagrams Mikiemike, how about some explanation? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ernest Ruger (talk • contribs) 20:31, 8 March 2014 (UTC)

Why use them?
The article fails to explain why you would use a linear motor in the place of a conventional one. There are obvious reasons in the case of a maglev, where there's no physical contact to power, but why does the ART/ICTS and the Japanese subway systems use them? There must be some advantage, but the article fails to point it out. They do point out the need for the reaction plate, which seems like a disadvantage. So I have to lay down this big stripe of metal, but I'll do that because the linear motor... what? Maury Markowitz (talk) 01:37, 31 July 2009 (UTC)

Re-Edit
Reading through this page, it seems clear that a more comprehensive article is needed on linear machines. I am a doctor of engineering, specializing in linear machines design and actively working in linear motor applications. I intend to undertake a fairly large re-write and expansion of the Linear Motor article over the next few weeks to include all linear machine topologies and categories. I don't want to step on any virtual toes however, so let me know if anyone has any objections to an extensive re-write of this article. Dr Tom Cox (talk) 09:38, 26 April 2010 (UTC)

Too Technical
This article needs to be put in layman's terms. While I can understand what it means, it would be vary hard, or next to impossible for the average joe to understand it. The introduction is the most important part to fix. Most people do not know what torque is, much less understand the physics equation. I do not know how to do this, so I will not attempt something i cannot do. Please help the article — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.28.93.11 (talk) 16:22, 16 January 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Linear motor. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080708193853/http://hitachi.com/csr/highlight/activities/2007/act0701/index.html to http://www.hitachi.com/csr/highlight/activities/2007/act0701/index.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 05:02, 28 August 2015 (UTC)

Deleted photo
User:GliderMaven, why did you remove this image from the article? You did not give an edit summary. SpinningSpark 15:15, 20 October 2015 (UTC)

 * It just seemed unnecessary and overly difficult to understand what it was a picture of. Additionally, the layout of the article was fairly poor.GliderMaven (talk) 16:18, 20 October 2015 (UTC)
 * It seems more easy to understand to me than the only other photograph of an actual linear motor in the article File:Linear Motor of Toei Ōedo Line.jpg. SpinningSpark 17:53, 20 October 2015 (UTC)

 * I don't think that's a good picture either, but as always, feel free to improve the article.GliderMaven (talk) 20:41, 20 October 2015 (UTC)

Linear or not?
Should linear motors be described as involved linear motion, or not? It's possible that some might not be linear, if they were attached to curved rails or similar.

See Commons, at Category talk:Linear motors and Administrators' noticeboard/User problems#4RR categorization removal on Category:Linear motors by Jochen Burghardt. Andy Dingley (talk) 15:48, 12 April 2017 (UTC)

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Which is located where
Is the linear motor located between the running rails and the linear induction motor mounted on the rail vehicle? Peter Horn User talk 15:55, 15 May 2018 (UTC)
 * I found this description All this is ambiguous an needs to be sorted out. Peter Horn User talk 16:36, 15 May 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Linear motor


text:
Citroën Zabrus

The Citroën Zabrus is a concept car with 3 doors and a 2+2 shooting brake design that was designed by the Italian design studio Bertone. It was based on the mechanics of the Citroën BX 4TC. It was first presented in May 1986 at the Turin Motor Show. The hatchback of the Citroën BX itself was based on a design by Bertone.

Notable features of the car include an all LCD monitor display for the odometer, gauges, and more, as well as a “belt type” steering wheel that rotated in either direction while mounted on the main display. The Zabrus is a shooting brake with a 2+2 seating configuration, with two scissor doors upfront for easy access to the rear seats.

The Zabrus was powered by the 2141 cc turbocharged I4 engine from the BX 4TC, producing 147 kW at 5250 rpm and 294 Nm of torque at 2750 rpm. Like the 4TC, the Zabrus is all wheel drive and power is sent to the wheels through a five speed manual transmission. This setup gave it the top speed of 138 mph.

title: Citroën Zabrus


text:
Krakatoa, East of Java

Krakatoa, East of Java is a 1968 American disaster film starring Maximilian Schell and Brian Keith. During the 1970s, the film was re-released under the title Volcano. The story is loosely based on events surrounding the 1883 eruption of the volcano on the island of Krakatoa, with the characters engaged in the recovery of a cargo of pearls from a shipwreck perilously close to the volcano. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Special Visual Effects.

Krakatoa is actually west of Java, but the movie's producers thought that "East" sounded more atmospheric.

Plot
In 1883, the volcano on the island of Krakatoa begins to erupt, terrorizing the children at a mission school in Palembang on nearby Sumatra. In Anjer, Java, the steamer Batavia Queen, commanded by Captain Chris Hanson, takes aboard passengers: Douglas Rigby, owner and operator of a diving bell; balloonists Giovanni and Leoncavallo Borghese; diver Harry Connerly; Connerly's mistress Charley Adams; four female Japanese pearl divers led by Toshi; and Laura Travis, who had an extramarital affair with Hanson in Batavia. Laura was married to an abusive man with whom she had a son named Peter. When she asked for a divorce in order to stay with Hanson, her husband left her, taking both Peter and a fortune in pearls with him aboard the steamer Arianna. The Arianna had sunk off Krakatoa, and a guilt-ridden Laura, fearing that Peter had died, had spent a year in a mental institution.

Hanson has organized the voyage to find the Arianna, salvage the pearls, and find Peter if he is still alive. Colonial authorities arrive just before the Batavia Queen departs and force Hanson to take 30 convicts and their jailer aboard for transportation to Madura Island. Hanson plans to deliver the convicts to Madura after recovering the pearls off Krakatoa. One of the prisoners, Lester Danzig, is an acquaintance of Hanson's, and Hanson allows him to make the voyage on deck instead of in the hold. A colonial official warns that the island is a "raging volcano", but Hanson ignores him.

During the voyage to Krakatoa, her crew and passengers observe strange phenomena: seabirds swarming in huge flocks by day, a series of fiery explosions erupting from the sea, and a high-pitched, ear-splitting sound like that of escaping steam. Danzig discovers that Connerly is secretly using laudanum to kill the pain of a lung disease because it might interfere with his diving abilities. Danzig informs Connerly of Laura's time in the mental institution, calling into question the veracity of her story about the pearls. The Borgheses, Connerly, Charley, Rigby, and Toshi confront Hanson, but he assures them that her story is true.

The Batavia Queen arrives off Krakatoa to find the island shrouded in thick smoke. After it clears the Borgheses ascend in their balloon while Rigby descends in his diving bell. The Borgheses discover the wreck of the Arianna and guide the Batavia Queen and the submerged Rigby to it. Immediately afterwards, the motor driving the steering propeller fails and they careen helplessly into volcano's crater. They jettison the useless engine to reduce weight and are blown clear by a volcanic explosion which sets their balloon afire. Drifting away from the island, they leap into the sea and are rescued.

Danzig tells Hanson of Connerly's lung problems, and Hanson decides that he will dive instead of Connerly. While Connerly and Hanson argue, Rigby's diving bell becomes snagged on coral. The pearl divers, Hanson, and Connerly all dive into the water to free Rigby. While everyone is occupied, Danzig steals a pistol and frees the prisoners. They take over the ship, throw the jailer overboard, and imprison the passengers and crew in the hold. Unaware of the events aboard the Batavia Queen, Hanson and Connerly find the Arianna's safe, and attach a cable to it to have it hoisted aboard. Upon their return, Danzig has Connerly lowered into the hold but forces Hanson to look on at gunpoint as he opens the Arianna's safe. They find nothing inside but a cheap pocket watch. When an explosion on Krakatoa distracts Danzig, Hanson overpowers him, and manages to drive the remaining prisoners off the ship.

After Hanson frees the passengers and crew, Rigby finds another compartment in the safe which contains the Arianna's logbook. The logbook reveals the Arianna made a port call at Palembang before sinking, and a letter tucked into the logbook says Peter disembarked there to attend the mission school. Hanson steams to Palembang to find Peter. By now, Krakatoa is erupting continually, hurling lava bombs into the surrounding sea. Toshi is killed when one of the lava bombs strikes her.

The Batavia Queen arrives off Palembang to find the mission school heavily damaged and abandoned. Hanson hails a passing junk and is informed that the school's staff and students had fled Palembang that morning, intending to sail to Java. The Batavia Queen comes to the assistance of a sinking sampan, which proves to be the school's boat. The Batavia Queen's rescue everyone aboard the sampan, including Peter, who has a joyful reunion with Laura. A chest belonging to Peter is brought aboard the Batavia Queen. It contains the missing pearls, and Connerly, Rigby, the Borgheses, and the three surviving pearl divers receive their shares of the fortune.

Krakatoa's violent explosions increase; Hanson assumes that they will cause a tsunami and prepares the Batavia Queen to ride it out. Hanson attempts to assure Connerly that they will be safer on the ship, but Connerly demands that he and any other passenger be allowed to disembark. Giovanni Borghese, Charley, and the three surviving pearl divers join Connerly in the lifeboat and row to Anjer.

Krakatoa disintegrates in one final, cataclysmic explosion, which generates an enormous tsunami. It strikes Anjer shortly after the Batavia Queen's lifeboat arrives; unable to outrun the wave, Connerly and Charley embrace for the last time before the wave engulfs and kills them. At sea, Hanson, Laura, Peter, Rigby, Leoncavallo Borghese, the refugees from the mission school, and the ship's crew ride out the tsunami successfully aboard the Batavia Queen.

Cast
(as given in end credits)
 * Maximilian Schell as Captain Chris Hanson
 * Diane Baker as Laura Travis
 * Brian Keith as Harry Connerly
 * Barbara Werle as Charley Adams
 * Sal Mineo as Leoncavallo Borghese
 * Rossano Brazzi as Giovanni Borghese
 * John Leyton as Dr. Douglas Rigby
 * J.D. Cannon as Lester Danzig
 * Jacqui Chan as Toshi
 * Rob't Hall as Guard [spelled "Robert" in opening credits]
 * Victoria Young as Kiko
 * Marc Lawrence as Mr. Jacobs (First Mate)
 * Midori Arimoto as Midori
 * Niall Macginnis as Harbor Master (David)
 * Joseph Hann as Mr. Kuan (Second Mate)
 * Sumi Haru as Sumi
 * Geoffrey Holder as Sailor
 * Alan Hoskins as Jan
 * Peter Kowalski as Peter Travisi

Additionally, Peter Graves is listed in the opening credits.

Development
In February 1955 Philip Yordan announced he would write and produce a film of the Krakatoa eruption with a budget of US$2 million to US$3 million being spent on special effects. It was going to be the first film made under Yordan's contract with Columbia Pictures. Jerry Wald would be executive producer. It took a number of years for the movie to be made, and in the meantime Yordan started making movies in Spain. In January 1967 he said he intended to film background footage for the movie in Indonesia and wanted Rock Hudson to star.

In February 1967 Milo Frank arrived in Madrid to begin supervising production of the film. Bernard L. Kowalski was attached to direct; Kowalski was best known for his television work, including the pilots for Mission Impossible, The Rat Patrol, The Monroes, and N.Y.P.D.. The director said "That seemed to impress the Cinerama people who were looking for a young director who could handle what looked to be a pretty difficult picture." The script was co-written by Bernard Gordon, a blacklisted writer who did a number of scripts for Yordan under pseudonyms.

Special effects
In an unusual approach to making the film, the producers of Krakatoa, East of Java had the special effects scenes shot before the script had been completed. The script then was written so as to incorporate the special effects sequences.

The French film director, art director, production designer, set designer, and screenwriter Eugène Lourié had worked for the film's producers as art and special-effects director for the 1965 movie Crack in the World, and they hired him to create the special effects for Krakatoa, East of Java.

In 1965, Lourié scouted the coast of Spain for a suitable steamer for use in the film as the fictional Batavia Queen; ultimately he chose a cargo ship – a former passenger-cargo ship employed as a tramp steamer between Spain and Morocco – he found unloading coal at a pier in Bilbao whose captain said she had been built in England sometime around 1880.

Lourié had the steamer remodeled in Málaga, Spain, at a shipyard which transformed her into the Batavia Queen by increasing the height of her funnel and masts and installing new yards on her masts and a new bowsprit and carved wooden figurehead on her bow. The steamer also was provided with functioning sails for her masts and yards.

For special effects, Lourié's team constructed two models of the modified steamer, a one-to-ten-scale model that was 18 ft long, and, for long shots of the Batavia Queen as she approaches Krakatoa, a one-to-twenty-scale model. The latter proved too small to provide realistic effects, so Lourié chose not to use it in the film, instead using only the larger model.

After considering a water tank in Malta, Lourié chose the water tank he had used for the 1964 film Flight from Ashiya at Cinecittà in Rome to film special effects sequences depicting the Batavia Queen at sea. The tank was approximately 300 by in area and had a sky backing of 70 ft. The sequences were filmed using three Super Panavision 70 cameras running at three times normal speed to make the movements of the miniatures more realistic, although the cameras were not designed for such work and often overheated and required repairs. Lourié tried to disguise the miniature Batavia Queen's lack of a crew or passengers as she gets underway for Palembang, slowly picking her way through a narrow passage under a rain of lava bombs while Krakatoa erupts nearby, by enveloping her in smoke. For the final sequence in which the Batavia Queen rides out a very large tsunami at sea, Lourié's team spent three days filming the model in the water tank in extreme conditions, creating large waves through the use of 35 ft dump tanks with a capacity of 2,600 gallons (9,800 liters), spraying water into the tank with powerful fire hoses, and employing a wind machine to disturb the water's surface.

For sequences in which live actors are seen against a village in the background, the film employed traveling mattes in the foreground and miniatures in the background.

Alex Weldon created the pyrotechnic sequences of Krakatoa erupting and, eventually, exploding. Scenes of the volcano erupting in the distance were created using a split screen, with real footage of the ocean in the lower part of the frame and a flopped volcano miniature reflection added above it in an optical printer.

The visual effects, relying entirely on in-camera model work, are still impressive today and considered an immense achievement by 1969 standards, enough so for it to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects. It lost to Marooned.

Lourié himself makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in Krakatoa, East of Java, portraying a lighthouse keeper on the coast of Java who observes Krakatoa's final, cataclysmic explosion and enters the lighthouse to send news of it by telegraph.

Yordan's departure
In addition to its challenging special effects, the makers of Krakatoa, East of Java encountered various difficulties during the film's production. Producer Philip Yordan dropped out of the production after its special effects had already been shot, and a new associate producer came on board who commissioned a new script.

These changes in leadership led to conceptual changes that created some inconsistency in tone and odd moments in the finished film. While apparently conceiving Krakatoa, East of Java overall as a family-friendly adventure story, the producers also opted to attract a more adult audience by including some sordid and racy elements: the tortured relationship between Connerly and Charley and Laura's extramarital affair with Hanson, as well as a striptease Charley performs for Connerly in their state room.

At other times, the film's soundtrack is clumsily incorporated into the narrative: while performing her striptease, Charley sings a rendition of "A Nice Old-Fashioned Girl" that would be appropriate in a musical but seems strangely out of place in an adventure or disaster film, and the vocal version of the film's romantic theme song "East of Java" incongruously plays during scenes of filthy prisoners shuffling into the Batavia Queen's hold and sweating sailors performing the labor necessary to get the ship out to sea as she begins her voyage from Anjer.

Kowalski said "We had more than our share of problems because you can't control such varying conditions as weather, sea, children and animals. But nearly everyone bore up under very trying circumstances. My life was only threatened four times."

Kowalski added that "the tendency in Cinerama has been to employ wide-angle shots that show everybody in the scene. I'm not doing that. I'm cutting quickly from one shot to another so things happen. I'm also devoting much care to the characters. I think if you have a bunch of people that the audience cares about, then you can build up the big scenic effects with no difficulty."

Title
During production of Krakatoa, East of Java, its producers became aware that Krakatoa is, in fact, west of Java – and east of Sumatra. (Mount Tambora, on Sumbawa, much less well known than Krakatoa despite its own – and even larger – cataclysmic explosion in 1815, is the violent volcano east of Java.) Despite the geographic error in the film's title, its makers chose to leave it unchanged, apparently believing that it was a more exotic title than Krakatoa, West of Java. Furthermore, the film aided in popularizing the spelling "Krakatoa", as opposed to the Indonesian spelling "Krakatau".

Film format
Krakatoa, East of Java was filmed in Super Panavision 70 (with some scenes filmed in Todd-AO), and presented in 70 mm Cinerama in some cinemas. Appearing in cinemas as interest in Cinerama's widescreen format waned, it is the only disaster movie ever to appear in the format.

Novelization
Michael Avallone wrote a novelization of the movie with the same title.

Historical inaccuracy
The catastrophic 1883 eruption of Krakatoa destroyed most of the uninhabited island and generated tsunamis exceeding 30 meters (100 feet) in height that struck the western coast of Java and southern coast of Sumatra, killing about 35,000 people, while a pyroclastic flow from the volcano that traveled across the Sunda Strait killed about another 1,000 people on Sumatra. Krakatoa, East of Java is only very loosely based on the actual events surrounding the eruption, which it uses merely as a backdrop for its storyline.

Hanson's statement early in the film that Krakatoa had been quiet for 200 years is accurate – the last eruption prior to 1883 appears to have been in 1680 – and his view that the ongoing volcanic activity on the island, which had begun in May 1883, did not pose a threat to anyone not actually on Krakatoa itself reflected the attitude of many people in the area during the summer of 1883, some of whom treated the erupting volcano as a tourist attraction.

Krakatoa is actually located west, not east, of Java.

The Batavia Queen appears to require at least three days to make the voyage from Anjer to Krakatoa. In fact, the two locations are only 31 mi apart, and the ship could have made the voyage in a few hours.

The beginning sequence of the film depicts the fictional mission school at Palembang as lying within sight of Krakatoa; in fact, Palembang lies 354 km from Krakatoa. Late in the film, when the Batavia Queen arrives off Palembang in search of Peter Travis, Palembang appears to be along the coast of Sumatra; however, Palembang, while accessible to ships via the Musi River, lies well inland. The Batavia Queen finds the mission school in ruins and ablaze because of Krakatoa's eruption; although Krakatoa's eruption was audible in Palembang and the air pressure wave from its final explosion was strong enough to shake the walls of houses and cause cracks to appear in some, the town did not suffer the serious damage implied by the condition of the mission school in the film.

The violent and continuous explosions on Krakatoa as the Batavia Queen steams from Krakatoa to Palembang and then to the vicinity of Anjer late in the film appear to depict the final, cataclysmic eruption of the volcano on 26–27 August 1883. The huge tsunami that engulfs Anjer and its lighthouse in the film's climactic sequence is consistent with the wave that struck the west coast of Java on the morning of 27 August 1883, rising to a height of 40 meters at Merak and destroying both Anjer – where it was 10 m tall – and the Fourth Point Lighthouse.

While the Batavia Queen, her passengers and crew, and the story of her voyage are entirely fictitious, her experience in encountering the tsunami at sea at the end of the film bears a striking resemblance to that of the interisland steamer Gouverneur-Generaal Loudon, which rode out a very large tsunami while steaming in the Sunda Strait on the morning of 27 August 1883.

The film's depiction of the salvage participants dividing up the pearls among themselves is legally flawed. The pearls are not found on the wreck; they are later located in the possession of Laura's son. Nevertheless, the salvage partners divide the treasure equally. According to maritime law, the pearls are not salvage and are the legal property of the boy. The salvage partners have no right to the pearls.

Critical reception
Krakatoa, East of Java received generally poor reviews, with critics claiming that the story was pedestrian, badly paced, and poorly told, and the special effects so constant and overwhelming as to become numbing. Vincent Canby in The New York Times was one of those disappointed with the special effects, claiming that he recognized "volcanic rock that had flown by me before." However, a few critics declared the film enjoyable and a vivid depiction of exotic places and life at sea. The Los Angeles Times called it "one of the best movies ever made in Cinerama ... Excellent in all aspects, it is an artistic as well as a cinematic triumph." Stanley Newman in Cue magazine called it "simple-minded fun" and Francis Herridge in the New York Post had kind words for its recreation of the devastation.

The geographic error in the film's title of placing the doomed island east of Java was widely mocked in the reviews.

Box office
Krakatoa, East of Java reached number one at the US box office in December 1969 following its second run showcase release in New York. Based on the cities used by Variety for their weekly box office chart, it was the seventeenth highest-grossing film of the year in the United States.

Later releases
Reprocessed in "Feelarama", a version of the then-popular Sensurround, the movie was re-released under the title Volcano during the 1970s.

Although it originally had a running time of 127 minutes (not counting overture, intermission, and exit music included in the 1969 theatrical release), the movie has often been seen since then on television and in 16 mm prints in a truncated 101-minute version, with some scenes shortened or deleted. In the 101-minute version, the sequences showing key passengers arriving aboard the Batavia Queen at Anjer and the voyage of the Batavia Queens lifeboat to Anjer are shortened, while the opening sequence showing terrified children at the mission school in Palembang, Charley's song and striptease for Connerly in their stateroom, and Charley's tearful pleas to Hanson to have Connerly set free from the box suspended above the Batavia Queens deck are missing.

Home media
Krakatoa, East of Java was released by MGM Home Video on March 22, 2005, as a Region 1 widescreen DVD.

In popular culture
Krakatoa, East of Java's storyline bears many similarities to that of the 1953 film Fair Wind to Java starring Fred MacMurray, which tells the story of a race between an American sea captain and an Indonesian pirate leader to recover a legendary fortune in diamonds from Krakatoa in 1883 just before the island explodes.

In the episode "Someone to Watch Over Me" of the series Frasier, one of the titles between sections reads "KRAKATOA, WEST OF JAVA (THE MOVIE WAS WRONG)".

The film is mentioned by Jerry Seinfeld in the Seinfeld episode "The Truth": "Those brave Krakatoans, east of Java, who sacrificed so much for so long!"

It is parodied in the Monty Python sketch "Scott of the Antarctic" as "Krakatoa, East of Leamington".

In the final episode of Eerie, Indiana, one character can be heard saying on the phone, "Who cares if Krakatoa isn't really east of Java?", referring to getting a bad grade on a test.

Krakatoa, East of Java was the first film that British film critic Mark Kermode ever saw.

The phrase "Krakatoa, east of Java" is used in the lyrics to the 1979 song "Lava" by The B-52's, included in their first album The B-52's: "My heart's crackin' like a Krakatoa. Krakatoa, east of Java, molten bodies, fiery lava." It also appears in the song "New World Disorder" by Biohazard, from the album of the same name.

The film is mentioned in the Wings episode "Just Say No". When Brian jokes that if his date the previous night had been a movie, "waves would be crashing, rockets would be launching, and volcanoes would be erupting," Lowell replies, "I've seen that movie: Krakatoa, East of Java. There wasn't much sex, but nobody had any time."

In 1982 the French group Indochine wrote the song, À l'est de Java, narrating the story of the movie. The lyrics were written by Nicola Sirkis and the music was composed by Dominik Nicolas.

An exterior shot of the Cinerama Dome in the 2019 film Once Upon a Time in Hollywood depicts the theater in 1969 advertising Krakatoa, East of Java. The recreated vintage posters were left on the theater's exterior as part of Once Upon a Time in Hollywood's 70mm engagement there.

title: Krakatoa, East of Java


text:
The Chips Are Down (screenplay)

The Chips Are Down (Les jeux sont faits ) is a screenplay written by Jean-Paul Sartre in 1943 and published in 1947. The original title translates literally as "the plays are made", an idiomatic French expression used mainly in casino gambling meaning "the bets have been placed", as well as the French translation of alea iacta est. An English translation (no longer in print) was made from the French by Louise Varèse in 1948, and published as The Chips Are Down.

The story is set in Paris, in a setting vaguely suggestive of German-occupied northern France (or perhaps Vichy France) during World War II. The plot concerns two characters, Pierre Dumaine and Ève Charlier. They are predestined to be soulmates, but this destiny is prevented by their premature violent deaths, and they do not meet until passing into the afterlife.

Plot synopsis
Ève and Pierre have never met each other in their respective lives. At the beginning of the book, Ève is very sick, and unknown to her, her husband André is poisoning her in order to marry her sister Lucette and keep the dowry. Pierre, on the other hand, is planning a revolution, but is killed by his friend Lucien. Both Pierre and Ève do not realize that they have been dead for a while. Pierre and Ève realize different truths about their own lives as they walk invisibly as ghosts amongst the living, with the power to interact only with other deceased souls. Pierre and Ève have difficulty adjusting to this powerless condition. They meet each other in line to register at a bureaucratic clearing house for the recently deceased where both of them slowly find out that there has been a mistake in the paperwork. They are surprised to learn that according to article 140, they were predestined to be soulmates.

Successfully appealing their case, Pierre and Ève are brought back to life and given twenty-four hours to show their love to each other, or their second chance at living will be revoked. However, they are each distracted by unfinished business from their previous lives. Because Ève was poisoned by her husband, she wants to convince her sister that he is not a good man. Pierre wants to stop the revolution to overthrow the Regency that he had planned, because in death he discovered the Regent knew about it, and realizes that if carried out, it will result in the massacre of his friends and the end of the resistance.

Unable to explain the unique circumstances in which they acquired their knowledge, they both have difficulty convincing their friends that they know what is the right thing to do. Neither is able to completely dissociate themselves from the things that were once important to them, and they realize that by not concentrating on their love they might be sacrificing their second chance at life.

Characters

 * Pierre Dumaine – the leader of an underground resistance movement against the local Regent in the unnamed city in which the story is set. His death was a result of a betrayal by Lucien, another member of the rebellion, and a police informant.
 * Ève Charlier – the wife of André Charlier, the Chief of the Militia (Milice). Like Pierre, her death is a result of betrayal. Her husband André slowly killed her by poisoning her drinks as she lay stricken in bed, in order to inherit her wealth and marry her beautiful younger sister for her dowry.
 * André Charlier – Ève's husband, the Chief of the Militia, who kills her and is warming up to Lucette.
 * Lucette – Ève's sister, who is very naive.

Analysis
Pierre and Ève are permitted to return to the living for the express purpose of falling in love. But in the afterlife they have seen terrible things that they overlooked while living and attempt to prevent these things from occurring, rather than loving one another. After 24 hours, the pair die once more, having accomplished nothing besides saving a young girl, Marie Astruc, whose life Eve and Pierre promised her father (a man referred to in the boutique of the dead) they would improve. While they managed to succeed in their quest to better Marie's life they fail in the consummation of their love. This reinforces Sartre's view that one is condemned to follow one's choices (see determinism), no matter how good or bad. He also shows that it is impossible to know if a choice is right, even if it is done with the best possible motivations. To Sartre, there is no absolute truth or morality. Instead, he suggests in this screenplay that destiny will always win over the power of life.

Sartre shows that though freedom is perhaps an illusion, it is also a necessity. Pierre and Ève realize the absurdity of death as they wander the streets and witness the problems of friends and loved ones after their second demise. They are powerless to help and thus powerless to relieve themselves of their own suffering in reaction to what they see; they are forced to view life, yet they cannot participate in it themselves since they are mere ghosts. All that keeps us from leading useless, fleeting lives is our power and freedom to interact with the surrounding world according to our own choices.

Film adaptation
A film adaptation directed by Jean Delannoy was made in 1947, with Micheline Presle playing the role of Eve and Marcello Pagliero as Pierre.

title: The Chips Are Down (screenplay)


text: User talk:83.70.93.37

title: User talk:83.70.93.37


text:
Oscar W. Greenberg

Oscar Wallace Greenberg (born February 18, 1932) is an American physicist and professor at University of Maryland College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences. In 1964, he posited the existence of quarks that obeyed parastatistics as the fundamental constituents of hadronic particles. ,

Educational background
He received his bachelor's degree from Rutgers University in 1952. He received his master's degree in 1954 and his doctorate degree in 1957, both from Princeton University.

Professional History

 * 1956 Instructor at Brandeis University.
 * 1957 Air Force Cambridge Research Center, 1st Lieutenant, USAF.
 * 1959 NSF postdoctoral fellow at MIT.
 * 1961 Assistant professor, University of Maryland.
 * 1963 Associate professor, University of Maryland.
 * Fall, 1964, Member, Institute for Advanced Study.
 * 1964 Proposed the existence of color charge.
 * 1965-66 Visiting Associate professor, Rockefeller University.
 * 1967- Professor, University of Maryland.
 * 1968 Guggenheim Fellowship
 * 1968-69 Visiting Professor, Weizmann Institute of Science and Tel-Aviv University.
 * 2013- Member of Adjunct Faculty, Rockefeller University.

title: Oscar W. Greenberg


text:
Ludwig Edinger

{{Infobox person }} Ludwig Edinger (13 April 1855 – 26 January 1918) was an influential German anatomist and neurologist and co-founder of the University of Frankfurt. In 1914 he was also appointed the first German professor of neurology.
 * name         =
 * image        = Ludwig Edinger 1915.JPG
 * alt          =
 * caption      = Ludwig Edinger (1915 photo)
 * birth_name   =
 * birth_date   = {{Birth date|1855|4|13|df=y}}}
 * birth_place  =
 * death_date   = January 26, 1918
 * death_place  =
 * nationality  = German
 * other_names  =
 * occupation   = anatomist and neurologist
 * years_active =
 * known_for    = Co-founding the University of Frankfurt
 * notable_works =

Edinger was born into a Jewish family and grew up in Worms, where his father was a successful textile salesman and democratic congressman in the state parliament of Hesse-Darmstadt. His mother was the daughter of a physician from Karlsruhe. He was not ashamed that he started his career as a poor man. Indeed, he proposed free schooling for all children in 1873, but without success.

Edinger studied medicine from 1872 to 1877 in Heidelberg and Strasbourg. His studies into neurology began during his time as an assistant physician in Giessen (1877 - 1882). His habilitation was in 1881 about neurological researches. He became a docent for these themes. He worked in Berlin, Leipzig and Paris and opened his own practice for neurology in Frankfurt am Main in 1883.

Due to Edingers initiative in 1885, the pathologist Karl Weigert became director of the Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie in Frankfurt. Weigert opposed antisemitism. Weigert gave his friend Edinger a place to work in his institute. In 1902, Edinger received enough space to start his own neurological department.

In 1909, after a dispute between Edinger and the Senckenberg foundation about the finances of the neurological institute, Edinger moved to the University of Frankfurt under the condition that he was responsible for the financing of the department. His problems had eased in 1886, when he married Anna Goldschmidt, the daughter of an old family of traditional Jewish bankers in Frankfurt; she received a large inheritance in 1906.

Edinger died suddenly on 26 January 1918 in Frankfurt of a heart attack. He had left instructions for his brain to be examined in his institute. The institute continued with the introduction of a foundation set-up by Edinger. The Neurology department of the Goethe University's Faculty of Medicine is named after him.

Edinger is credited with coining the terms "gnosis" and "praxis". These terms were later used in psychological descriptions of agnosia and apraxia. Also, he was the first to describe the ventral and dorsal spinocerebellar tracts and to distinguish the paleocerebellum from the neocerebellum.

Terms

 * "Edinger's tract": Conductive pathway for basic perceptions of pain, temperature, pressure and touch.
 * "Edinger-Westphal nucleus: The accessory nucleus of the 3rd oculomotor nerve. Named with Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal; Edinger described it in the human fetal brain (1885), while Westphal described it in the adult brain two years later.

title: Ludwig Edinger


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Jim Deshaies

James Joseph Deshaies  (born June 23, 1960) is an American former professional baseball left-handed starting pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for six teams over the course of 12 big league seasons. He is currently a color commentator for broadcasts of Chicago Cubs games.

Playing career
Deshaies made his MLB debut with the New York Yankees on August 7, 1984. He was the 1,000th person to play an official game for the Yankees. Deshaies was the losing pitcher that day, after giving up four earned runs in four innings pitched in a 6–3 loss to the Chicago White Sox. Six days later, he lasted three innings in a no decision start against the Cleveland Indians. Those were Deshaies' only appearances for the Yankees, who traded him to the Houston Astros on September 15, 1985, for Joe Niekro.

Deshaies' first full season was with the Astros in 1986, during which he posted 12 wins, an Astros' rookie record, later broken by Roy Oswalt in 2001.

In a September 23, 1986, game against the Los Angeles Dodgers, Deshaies set a Major League record by striking out the first eight batters of the game. This feat was equaled by Jacob deGrom on September 14, 2014, and Germán Márquez on September 26, 2018. The record was later broken by Pablo López of the Miami Marlins on July 11, 2021. Cristian Javier matched a variation of Deshaies' club record on April 22, 2021, by securing the first eight outs of a game via strikeout, while Justin Verlander tied Deshaies' club record for consecutive strikeouts at any point in a game on October 4, 2022.

Deshaies was a mainstay on the Astros' rotation from 1986 to 1991, pitching in 25 or more starts in each of those seasons. His best season was 1989, when he posted a 15–10 record, with a 2.91 earned run average (ERA), and 153 strikeouts. On May 2 that year, Mike Schmidt hit his 548th and final home run off Deshaies.

Deshaies holds the major league record for most at-bats without an extra base hit, with 373.

In 1992, Deshaies joined the San Diego Padres, and later played for the Minnesota Twins (twice), San Francisco Giants, and Philadelphia Phillies. Deshaies retired following his release by the Phillies, on July 31, 1995.

Broadcasting career
Deshaies was a commentator for Astros' TV broadcasts from 1997 to 2012, along with Bill Brown. Deshaies gained respect as an analyst and enjoyed very high popularity with Astros fans during his tenure. He was the co-host of the "J.D. and Dave's Excellent Offseason Adventure" during one offseason and occasionally served as an analyst for Fox Major League Baseball.

Deshaies moved to the Chicago Cubs' TV broadcast ahead of the 2013 season. On January 10, 2017, the Cubs announced extensions for both Deshaies and play-by-play man Len Kasper through 2019.

In 2001, Deshaies ran a tongue-in-cheek campaign urging Baseball Writers' Association of America voters to elect him to the Hall of Fame, knowing full well he would not qualify for the honor. Deshaies‘ goal of receiving one vote in the Hall of Fame election was achieved when Houston Chronicle writer John Lopez voted for him.

Deshaies remains the Cubs color commentator following the departure of Len Kasper in December 2020.

title: Jim Deshaies


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Thought leader

A thought leader has been described as an individual or firm recognized as an authority in a specific field.

A thought leader is a person who specializes in a given area and whom others in that industry turn to for guidance. As the term implies, a thought leader leads others in the thinking around a given topic.

Go-to expert
From the perspective of a thought leader as the 'go-to expert', being a thought leader means to consistently answer the biggest questions on the minds of the target audience on a particular topic. Thought leaders are commonly asked to speak at public events, conferences, or webinars to share their insight with a relevant audience. In a 1990 Wall Street Journal Marketing section article, Patrick Reilly used the term "thought leader publications" to refer to such magazines as Harper's.

In the previous decade, the term was revived and re-engineered by marketers.

Criticism of the phrase and concept
The phrase "thought leader" is identified by some writers as an annoying example of business jargon. Kevin Money and Nuno Da Camara of the John Madejski Centre for Reputation at the University of Reading's Henley Management College write that the nebulous nature of the phrase (the unclear nature of "what is and what is not thought leadership") contributes to its reputation among cynics as "meaningless management speak." Some writers, such as Harvard Business Review contributor Dorie Clark, have defended the phrase while agreeing "that it is very icky when people call themselves thought leaders because that sounds a little bit egomaniacal." New York Times columnist David Brooks mocked the lifecycle of the role in a satirical column entitled "The Thought Leader," published in December 2013.

A parody on the term was published in 2016 by Pat Kelly on Canadian television's This Is That program. In the process of the discussion, imitating TED talks, Kelly elicits responses from the audience that exemplify the effect he describes as the result of applying well-known marketing techniques to achieve the impression of being an erudite speaker.

title: Thought leader


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Mashmakhan

Mashmakhan was a Canadian rock band formed in 1969 in L'Île-Perrot, Quebec. The band is best known for their 1970 hit single "As the Years Go By". The song reached No. 1 in Canada, and the Top 40 in the United States. The song was also a major hit in Japan.

Background
Members Pierre Sénécal, Brian Edwards, Jim Nuchter and Rayburn Blake first met in 1960 in Montreal, Quebec. Their drummer did not show up one night for a gig, so Jerry Mercer was brought in and ended up joining the band. Edwards quit shortly thereafter, but the other three continued to perform on the local scene under names like the Phantoms, Ray Blake's Combo, and the Dominoes.

By 1965 the group called themselves The Triangle, and backed up local R&B singer Trevor Payne. They worked with Payne for four years until being discovered by record producer Bob Hahn, who recorded demos for the group in March 1969 and helped them get signed with Columbia Records in Toronto. Edwards rejoined the band and they changed their name to Mashmakhan, after a variety of hashish sold by a local dealer, to appeal to a modern audience.

Brian Edwards had been in the group Five of a Kind with future Natural Gas keyboard player Brian Wray.

History
The Sénécal-penned song "As the Years Go By" was released off their debut album in an edited form, and was the group's first hit; it sold 100,000 copies in Canada and 400,000 copies in the United States (on the Epic label). The band actually wrote the song as a novelty addition to their album, not expecting it to gain serious recognition. The single also sold 400,000 copies in Japan. This disc sold over one million copies globally, and received a gold disc. The two follow-up singles were "Gladwin" and "Days When We Are Free".

In June and July 1970, the band performed during the Festival Express concerts (initially billed as the "Transcontinental Pop Festival"). Their live performance of "Comin' Home Baby" appears in the "Festival Express" film. Their live performances of "Comin' Home Baby" and "As the Years Go By", along with interviews, appear in the "Festival Express" DVD release.

In 1971, Mashmakhan was one of two contributors to the musical score of the NFB film Epilogue/Fièvre, which was directed by William Pettigrew. "Couldn't Find the Sun", written by Rayburn Blake for the movie, was included on Mashmakhan's 1971 album The Family. This album also did well in Japan, but the band realized little domestic success and split up shortly thereafter.

Blake joined the Lisa Hartt Band and also recorded some solo material, and Jerry Mercer joined April Wine. The original group was revived twice in the late 1970s by Aquarius Records with future April Wine members Brian Greenway and, later, Steve Lang.

Mashmakhan later experienced significant renewed interest with the release of the 2003 film Festival Express, which featured colour film of the band performing two songs during a train tour of Canada in 1970.

Brian Edwards (born 4 November 1943) died on 20 October 2016, at age 72.

Discography

 * Albums

title: Mashmakhan


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Anthony Fedorov

Anatoliy Vladimirovich "Anthony" Fedorov (Анатолий Владимирович Фёдоров; born May 4, 1985) is an American singer and actor who is former lead singer for the Chicago band 7th Heaven. He rose to fame as the fourth place finalist on the fourth season of American Idol.

Early life and career beginnings
Fedorov was born in Yalta, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union. He, his parents, and his older brother Denis moved to the United States in 1994. He had a tracheotomy as a toddler due to a birth defect in his windpipe, from which a scar is still visible. Despite skepticism that he would even be able to talk again, he persevered and began singing at an early age. He is a tenor and can play the piano and guitar. He graduated from Neshaminy High School in 2003 and attended Bucks County Community College.

Fedorov is fluent in Russian and English. He can also sing in Spanish and Italian.

American Idol
Fedorov was an American Idol contestant during the spring 2005 season. Of all the American Idol auditioners, Fedorov was most well known for singing ballads, something which all three judges view as his best style.

Fedorov was voted off the show on May 11, 2005, after singing "I'm Already There" by Lonestar and "If You Don't Know Me By Now" by Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes during country music/Gamble and Huff week. It is said by many that his rendition of "If You Don't Know Me By Now" was one of his top performances, having been on-key through the entire song and gaining praise from the judges. It was viewed as one of his most accomplished, along with his presentations of Celine Dion's "I Surrender" and Paul Young's "Every Time You Go Away".

American Idol performances

 * When Ryan Seacrest announced the results for this particular night, Fedorov was among the bottom three contestants, but was declared safe when Anwar Robinson was eliminated.
 * When Ryan Seacrest announced the results for this particular night, Fedorov was in the bottom two but declared safe when Scott Savol was eliminated.

After American Idol
In June 2006, Fedorov finished in third place as a contestant on a special Reality TV edition of NBC's Fear Factor along with American Idol season 2 finalist Carmen Rasmusen. He also appeared in four episodes of MTV's Little Talent Show – Triple Threat, which aired on September 26, 2006.

Fedorov toured extensively after American Idol, performing in summer festivals, such as the Spiediefest in New York, Misquamicut Beach in Rhode Island, Clark County Fair in Washington, The Stars and Stripes Festival in Mount Clemens, Michigan, and Independence Day Celebration in Silver Springs, Florida, concerts such as Kellogg's 100th Anniversary Concert in Battle Creek, Michigan, and solo concerts in Philadelphia, Long Island, New York, and as part of the CMJ Festival 2011 in New York City. In April 2007, he toured American Air Force bases in Europe, judging the Military Idol contest and performing.

Fedorov performed in the US tour of the stage production Simply Ballroom, touring across the United States March through April 2008.

In April 2009, he toured with the "Ballroom with a Twist" production across the eastern United States.

He performed the National Anthem for the New York Knicks, the Oakland Raiders, the Seattle Mariners, the Philadelphia Phillies, the Jacksonville Jaguars, the New York Mets and the Los Angeles Dodgers. He also sang "God Bless America" at the Bank of America 500 NASCAR Pre-Race show.

In March 2009 he performed at the BMI Latin Music Awards honoring Gloria Estefan.

In December 2011, Anthony gave a solo concert at The Bitter End in New York City.

Musical theater
Matt in the off-Broadway production of The Fantasticks starting on May 1, 2007, until the end of July at the Snapple Theater Center in New York City.

He then starred as the title role in Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat in July 2009 in Oklahoma City Lyric Theater alongside Diana DeGarmo.

He has reprised the role at the 5th Avenue Theatre in Seattle, starting on October 10, 2009.

On May 14, 2010, he played the role of the Prince in the Rodgers & Hammerstein's production of Cinderella in Nashville, Tennessee, which was a benefit concert for the Steven Curtis Chapman's Foundation Show Hope.

From August 5 to 22, 2010, Fedorov played Joseph again at North Shore Music Theatre in Beverly, Massachusetts. He reprised the role of Joseph from December 7, 2010, to January 2, 2011, in St. Paul, Minnesota, at the Ordway.

Fedorov reprised the role of the Prince in the second annual production of Cinderella in Nashville on April 15, 2011.

From March 3 to 14, 2011, in Tokyo, Fedorov starred in the first production of "Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat" to ever play in Japan. The production schedule was cut short, with remaining performances cancelled, after an 8.9 magnitude earthquake and massive tsunami hit Japan on March 11, 2011.

Fedorov reprised his role as Joseph with new cast members on June 18 and 19, 2011, in King Center, Melbourne, Florida, and then on June 21 to 26, at Atlanta, Georgia's Fox Theater.

From November 18 to 27, 2011, Fedorov played the role of Link Larkin in Hartford Children's Theatre's production of Hairspray in Hartford, Connecticut.

Starting July 11, 2012, Fedorov took over the part of Roger in the off-Broadway production of Rent at the New World Stages in New York City and stayed with the show until it closed in Sept. 2012.

In December 2011, he took part in the "New Voices" concert at the ACT theater in Seattle and in March 2012 – in the Broadway Backwards concert at Broadway's Al Hirschfeld Theatre.

From November 23 to December 30, 2012, he played the part of Rolf Gruber in the Paper Mill Playhouse (Millburn, New Jersey) production of The Sound of Music.

From November 6 to 17, 2013 he was in the ensemble and also an understudy for the male lead in the Miss Saigon production at the North Shore Musical Theater in Beverly, Massachusetts.

From May 31 to June 22, 2014, he played the part of Enjolras in the Les Misérables production at the La Mirada Theatre in La Mirada, California.

7th Heaven
On January 1, 2013, it was announced that Fedorov will be replacing Keith Semple as the new lead singer of 7th Heaven. The band is currently playing three to seven shows a week in the Chicago area. Their album Synergy, with Fedorov on lead vocals, was released on June 11, 2013. On August 22, 2013, it was agreed by both parties that they must part ways immediately.

Discography
Fedorov's rendition of "Every Time You Go Away" is on the American Idol Season 4: The Showstoppers compilation.

His original song, "Deep Within My Heart," was included on an "American Idol" compilation disc, which was included with cartons of Dreyer's Ice Cream as part of its "Taste of American Idol" promotion in 2008.

He co-wrote a song "Stand by Me and Fight" for Frankie Negrón's first English-language album, "Independence Day" that came out on September 22, 2009.

On February 14, 2011, it was announced that Fedorov signed with Airgo Music label and a single would be released soon, with the album to follow.

Fedorov's first record, Never Over, was released in July 2011. The initial release is an EP with six original songs, written or co-written by Fedorov. His single, which is called "You're Perfect" was released on June 29, 2011. He said "When people hear it they won't expect to hear what they are going to hear. What people remember me doing on American Idol was ballads, but it has been 6 years and my voice has gotten deeper and has developed a lot of color and a lot of strength. I am really excited to introduce this part of myself. I would say my journey begins on June 29th when we release the single. My record will be released sometime in July, but we will start with the single first. I am really excited about it all."

On June 23, 2014, a single "I Begin Again" co-written by Fedorov and Bill Grainer was released by Jai McDowall. On September 15, 2014, an EP by Auraganix (Anthony Fedorov and Jennifer Paz) was released, containing six songs.

Filmography
In 2011, Fedorov played the role of sailor /insurgent 1 on the Russian languaged short "Katya," which was directed and written by Mako Kamitsuna. The film was screened at various festivals during the year, the Short Shorts Film Festival & Asia, the Palm Springs International Shortfest, the Los Angeles International Short Film Festival, the Kiev International Film Festival, the BendFilm Festival, the Lucerne International Film Festival, the Orlando Film Festival and the Grand OFF World Independent Film Awards.

Personal life
Two days after Fedorov was voted off the show, his brother was diagnosed with Ewing's sarcoma. Denis Fedorov died in September 2006. Anthony has since become a national spokesperson for the Sarcoma Foundation of America and, in 2008, was appointed to the SFA board of directors.

Following the show, rumors of a relationship between Fedorov and the final winner, Carrie Underwood, dominated discussions of the season. The rumors were sparked by Underwood's reaction to Fedorov's departure, when she sobbed openly and was seen on-screen saying "I love you" to him. Fedorov and Underwood denied the rumors, saying that they had a "brother–sister" relationship. They remained very close for some time after American Idol, with Fedorov accompanying Underwood to the CMA Awards on November 6, 2006. She also visited him on the set of The Fantasticks during his run on the show.

Fedorov became engaged to his girlfriend, stage actress Jennifer Paz, on December 25, 2012. Their son, Julian Paz Fedorov, was born on April 1, 2013.

title: Anthony Fedorov


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Frank Viola

Frank John Viola Jr. (born April 19, 1960) is an American former starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Minnesota Twins (1982–1989), New York Mets (1989–1991), Boston Red Sox (1992–1994), Cincinnati Reds (1995), and Toronto Blue Jays (1996). A three-time All-Star, he was named World Series MVP with the Twins in 1987 and won the AL Cy Young Award in 1988. He is the pitching coach of the High Point Rockers.

He batted and threw left-handed, and he was nicknamed "Sweet Music" – a nickname he picked up after a Minnesota sports writer declared that when Viola pitched, there was "Sweet Music" in the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome. The nickname was a play on the fact that his last name is also a name of a musical instrument, although pronounced differently. A fan began displaying a banner bearing the phrase in the outfield's upper deck whenever Viola pitched. Twins fans considered the banner to be a good luck charm. The banner is now the property of the Minnesota Historical Society. It was again displayed when Viola was inducted into the Twins Hall of Fame. He was honored as a member of the Twins' "All Dome" team in 2009.

Early life
Viola was born and grew up in East Meadow, New York, with his brother John and sister Nancy, and he went on to attend and play baseball for East Meadow High School before playing at the collegiate level for St. John's University. On May 21, 1981, Viola faced future Mets teammate Ron Darling, then playing for Yale University. The game, often considered to be the best in college baseball history, saw Darling pitch 11 innings of no-hit ball before surrendering his only hit, a leadoff single in the 12th, leading to the game's only run. Viola himself threw 11 innings of shutout ball. Viola was drafted following his senior year in the 16th round of the 1979 Major League Baseball draft by the Kansas City Royals, but he did not sign.

Minnesota Twins
Viola signed with the Minnesota Twins after the team drafted him in the second round of the 1981 Major League Baseball draft. After spending less than a full season in the minor leagues, Viola made his major league debut on June 6, 1982. Although his statistics were fairly disappointing—he finished 11–25 with a 5.37 ERA in the and  seasons—Viola became a permanent fixture of the Twins' starting staff for the next 7 seasons, picking up 112 of his 176 career wins.

Viola helped pitch the Twins to their second World Series appearance and first World Series win in 1987; he finished the season with a 17–10 record, a 2.90 ERA, and 197 strikeouts in $251 2/3$ innings. Viola would then sparkle in the post-season, going a combined 3–1 with 25 strikeouts in $31 1/3$ innings despite a 4.31 ERA. Following the Twins' Game 7 series–clinching win—a game which Viola won 4–2—he was named the 1987 World Series Most Valuable Player.

Most baseball enthusiasts agree that Viola's best year was 1988, his last full year with the Twins. That year, he threw his signature circle change with skill, compiling an impressive 24–7 record with 7 complete games and 2 shutouts in 255 innings pitched with a career-low ERA of 2.64. He also gave up only 20 home runs and 54 walks. Viola led the league in wins and would go on to win the AL Cy Young Award in a landslide, finishing with 27 of the 28 first-place votes and beating out second-place Dennis Eckersley by 86 total votes.

New York Mets
At the trade deadline in July —two years after Viola had led the Twins to a World Series title—the Twins traded him to the New York Mets for four pitchers and a player to be named later. Viola was not having a strong year and was 8–12 when he was traded, but he managed a 5–5 record with the Mets and finished the year at 13–17. Meanwhile, two of the pitchers the Twins acquired in the deal went on to become key members of the team: Kevin Tapani was one of the front-line starters for the Twins in their 1991 World Series run, while Rick Aguilera eventually became the team's closer and one of the best relievers in the major leagues.

Viola had a much better year in 1990, winning 20 games for the second time in his career. He would finish third in the Cy Young Award voting behind Pittsburgh's Doug Drabek and Los Angeles' Ramón Martínez, and he was named to the National League's All-Star Team.

In, Viola made the All-Star Game for a third time after posting an 11–5 record in the first half of the season. However, as the Mets collapsed in the second half of the year to finish with a 78–84 record, Viola collapsed with them and went 2–10 in his final 12 decisions. His last win came in his second-to-last start with the Mets on September 29 at Shea Stadium against the Philadelphia Phillies. He became a free agent after the 1991 season when the Mets opted not to resign Viola.

Later career
He signed with the Red Sox in January. In a spring training game on April 2, 1993, Viola and Cory Bailey combined on a no-hitter as the Red Sox defeated the Phillies 10–0 at Jack Russell Memorial Stadium in Clearwater, Florida. He was injured while with the Red Sox and underwent Tommy John surgery. He finished his career with the Reds and Blue Jays, ending his career on May 28, 1996. He finished his career with 1844 strikeouts.

Postseason
He only got one chance in the postseason, and he certainly made the most of it when his Twins faced the St. Louis Cardinals in the World Series. After getting past the Detroit Tigers in the 1987 American League Championship Series, Viola and the Twins had to face the favored Cardinals. Viola pitched Game 1 and led the Twins to a 10–1 rout of the Cards. Viola's second start came in Game 4, and the Twins went on to lose 7–2. After the Twins tied the series in Game 6 with an 11–5 win thanks to a Kent Hrbek grand slam, it was up to Viola in Game 7. He pitched a gem, shutting the Cardinals out after giving up two runs in the second inning. Jeff Reardon pitched the ninth inning, and the Twins won 4–2 on the way to a 4–3 series win. Viola was named World Series MVP.

Coaching and personal life
In retirement, Viola coached baseball for Lake Highland Preparatory School for a time in Orlando, Florida. He also coached with the Florida College Summer League's Leesburg Lightning. In 2009, Viola assisted the Cleveland Indians as a coach in spring training. Frank was also a part-time, substitute game broadcast announcer for NESN, network of the Boston Red Sox. On January 26, 2011, Viola was hired as pitching coach of the Brooklyn Cyclones, the Mets' Single-A (Short Season) team. Viola spent 2012–2013 as the Single-A Affiliate Savannah Sand Gnats pitching coach, winning Coach of the Year in 2013. Following the season, Viola was named the pitching coach for the Las Vegas 51s (now the Las Vegas Aviators), the Mets' Triple-A affiliate in the Pacific Coast League. During a 2014 spring training physical, Viola was diagnosed with a heart condition that required open-heart surgery on April 2. After surgery he signed with the 51s. He continued as the pitching coach for the 51s through the 2017 season. For the 2018 season, Frank served as the pitching coach for the Mets Double-A Binghamton Rumble Ponies. He joined the High Point Rockers of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball as the pitching coach in 2019, a position he continues to hold in 2021. At that time, he was living in Mooresville, North Carolina.

Daughter Brittany was a diver at the University of Miami, becoming the 2008 and 2011 platform diving NCAA National Champion. Brittany narrowly missed making the 2004 United States Olympic diving team, but later competed at the 2012 London Olympics.

Brittany made Viola a grandfather in August 2014. Daughter Kaley played volleyball at Winthrop University and is now an assistant coach at Davidson College.

Son Frank III attended Florida College and was drafted by the Chicago White Sox in the 29th round of the 2004 MLB draft. Frank III struggled with injuries (including needing Tommy John surgery) and only pitched in 24 games at rookie level Bristol White Sox before being released following the 2007 season. In 2010, he pitched for the independent league St. Paul Saints and was 1–2 with a 4.58 ERA in 21 games before retiring from professional baseball. He now serves as analyst for Bright House Sports Network on their studio show and for their Florida State League broadcasts. Starting in 2012, Frank III has worked with R. A. Dickey and Hall of Fame pitcher Phil Niekro on developing a knuckleball to resurrect his baseball career. In December 2012, he appeared as himself on the How I Met Your Mother episode "The Final Page", where he is on the phone with Marshall, one of the main characters. On March 5, 2014, he was signed by the Toronto Blue Jays to a minor league contract and currently pitches for the Dunedin Blue Jays in the Advanced Single A Florida State League.

title: Frank Viola


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Donkey Raper

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy deleted. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 16:45, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Donkey Raper
Delete. Neologism? Hoax? Whatever. FreplySpang (talk) 20:01, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Life's too short to waste on rubbish like this. Deb 20:13, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Donkey Rape is a serious problem, it should be talked about openly. --63.85.132.5 20:15, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy deleted as nonsense. Just tag crap like this with  .  Nothing to discuss here.  Move along, folks, move along.  Postdlf 20:31, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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User:Wiglaf/runes

Picked from the Danish Wikpedia. The Jera and the Ingwaz runes should probably be replaced.

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text: User talk:199.216.234.195

title: User talk:199.216.234.195