text:
User talk:Lendrick

Hi. This is my talk page.

Image Tagging Image:Dortmunder.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Dortmunder.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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title: User talk:Lendrick


text:
George Winter

George Winter may refer to:
 * George Winter (artist) (1810–1876), English-born painter of American frontier life
 * George Winter (Australian politician) (1815–1879), pastoralist and member of the Victorian Legislative Council
 * George Winter (baseball) (1878–1951), a.k.a. "Sassafras", Major League Baseball player
 * George D. Winter (1927–1981), British doctor and medical pioneer
 * George Winter (footballer) (1908–1972), Australian rules footballer

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: George Winter


text:
Template talk:US-politician-stub

Icon
The reason a portrait of an American politician was used was to separate it from other American stubs, many of which use the flag. The same reason is used for splitting other nationalrelated stub icons. In any case, the image should probably be removed in line with the policy of removing icons from large category templates to help the servers - see []. Grutness|hello? 06:38, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Aw, that's too bad. I liked Teddy on there. Oh well, it's good to keep the load off the poor servers. I'd like to make a note to the file to re-add it if the hardware is beefed up at some point. --Chowbok 01:07, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)

Phrasing
Hey guys, I was wondering what you'd think of adding "and citing the source of your information" to the stub text? Some people feel like it's "bugging people," but since to a certain extent with laid the foundation for a lot of these articles with the bare facts, it's probably increasingly useful to connect people the verification guide. I know I'd feel less anxious about some of the additions to the articles if they were footnoted, and I think it's good to get people "trained" at the stub-editing level. jengod 19:02, 30 December 2005 (UTC)
 * A good idea, but wouldn't that need to be done with all stub templates?  howch e  ng   {chat} 20:24, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

 * This proposal was controversial and Jengod has withdrawn it. 2 good reasons for doing so: 1) Many articles *are* referenced, 2) it will look terrible with the same line mulitiple times every time a stub is double-stubbed. --Valentinian 00:46, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

 * This discussion has either been closed, or there is no longer a need for the template. -- Ec5618 16:03, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

What is a politician?
A page on a Foreign Service Officer received this stub. I looked up politician, and it doesn't seem appropriate for them. Comments? Thanks. Marshcmb 00:04, 25 February 2006 (UTC)
 * this could totally be a thing. I changed the tag for Jack Dyer Crouch, II. it seemed like a wrong fit. I'll try to look at it further. St. Puid, Head of Assisi 19:17, 10 October 2008 (UTC)

Request for edit
Can some administrator please add a sort order of µ to the category, Category:American politician stubs?

Ergo, change it to:

—Markles 18:44, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

title: Template talk:US-politician-stub


text: Category:Ukrainian scientists

title: Category:Ukrainian scientists


text:
User talk:210.19.137.13

Register as a Wiki User
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Creating Articles w/ Categories
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Nomination of Saleh Sulong for deletion
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Speedy deletion nomination of Ansell

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Proposed deletion of City Developments Limited

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 * Six-year-old article with one non-independent ref and a long list of red links. Content is suspiciously similar to http://www.singaporebuilder.com/city-developments-limited/, but I can't work out who copied whom.

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title: User talk:210.19.137.13


text:
Electrowinning

Electrowinning, also called electroextraction, is the electrodeposition of metals from their ores that have been put in solution via a process commonly referred to as leaching. Electrorefining uses a similar process to remove impurities from a metal. Both processes use electroplating on a large scale and are important techniques for the economical and straightforward purification of non-ferrous metals. The resulting metals are said to be electrowon.

In electrowinning, an electrical current is passed from an inert anode through a leach solution containing the dissolved metal ions so that the metal is recovered as it is reduced and deposited in an electroplating process onto the cathode. In electrorefining, the anode consists of the impure metal (e.g., copper) to be refined. The impure metallic anode is oxidized and the metal dissolves into solution. The metal ions migrate through the electrolyte towards the cathode where the pure metal is deposited. Insoluble solid impurities sedimenting below the anode often contain valuable rare elements such as gold, silver and selenium.

History
Electrowinning is the oldest industrial electrolytic process. The English chemist Humphry Davy obtained sodium metal in elemental form for the first time in 1807 by the electrolysis of molten sodium hydroxide.

Electrorefining of copper was first demonstrated experimentally by Maximilian, Duke of Leuchtenberg in 1847.

James Elkington patented the commercial process in 1865 and opened the first successful plant in Pembrey, Wales in 1870. The first commercial plant in the United States was the Balbach and Sons Refining and Smelting Company in Newark, New Jersey in 1883.

Applications
Nickel and copper are often obtained by electrowinning. These metals have some noble character, which enables their soluble cationic forms to be reduced to their pure metallic form at mild applied potentials applied between the cathode and the anode.

Process

Most metal ores contain metals of interest (e.g. gold, copper, nickel) in some oxidized states and thus the goal of most metallurgical operations is to chemically reduce them to their pure metallic form. The question is how to convert highly impure metal ores into purified bulk metals. A vast array of operations have been developed to accomplish those tasks, one of which is electrowinning. In an ideal case, ore is extracted into a solution which is then subjected to electrolysis. The metal is deposited on the cathode. In a practical sense, this idealized process is complicated by some or all of the following considerations: the metal content is low (a few percent is typical), other metals deposit competitively with the desired one, the ore is not easily or efficiently dissolved. For these reasons, electrowinning is usually only used on purified solutions of a desired metal, e.g. cyanide-extracts of gold ores.

Because metal deposition rates are related to available surface area, maintaining properly working cathodes is important. Two cathode types exist, flat-plate and reticulated cathodes, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Flat-plate cathodes can be cleaned and reused, and plated metals recovered by either mechanically scraping the cathode (or,  if  the electrolyzed metal has a lower melting point than the cathode, heating the cathode to the electrolyzed metal's melting point causing the electrolyzed metal to liquify and separate from the cathode, which remains solid). Reticulated cathodes have a much higher deposition rate compared to flat-plate cathodes due to their greater surface area. However, reticulated cathodes are not reusable and must be sent off for recycling. Alternatively, starter cathodes of pre-refined metals can be used, which become an integral part of the finished metal ready for rolling or further processing.

title: Electrowinning


text:
Jeffrey Cheah

Jeffrey Cheah Fook Ling (Chinese: ; born 1945 or 1946) KBE is a Malaysian entrepreneur who is the founder and current chairman of the Sunway Group, a Malaysian conglomerate operating in 12 industries with core businesses in property and construction. Cheah is also the founder of Sunway University and the Jeffrey Cheah Foundation. Through his foundation, Cheah has donated almost US$39 million to fund scholarships and educational causes since 2018.

Early life, education and early career
Jeffrey Cheah was born in Pusing, a small town in the Malaysian state of Perak. Cheah moved to Australia to pursue a business degree at Victoria University (then Footscray Institute of Technology) in Melbourne, and after graduating, returned to Malaysia to take a job as an accountant in a motor assembly plant. He soon left this employment, and in 1974, he started his own company, a small tin-mining company with a startup capital of RM100,000. Today, Sunway Group is one of Malaysia's largest conglomerates.

Cheah is the recipient of 12 honorary doctorates, most of which in recognition of his outstanding contribution towards education.

Sunway Group and Bandar Sunway
The Sunway Group grew from a gradual conglomeration of Jeffrey Cheah's business interests. At its heart is the 350 ha development Bandar Sunway (Sunway City), a township in the Petaling district of the state of Selangor.

The development of Sunway City has won the township international awards, including recognition as Malaysia's first fully integrated green townshipby the Green Building Index (GBI) of Malaysia. Sunway City (formerly known as Sunway Resort City) also received the Low Carbon City award from the Malaysian Institute of Planners for implementing low carbon initiatives within the township.

Educational investment
In 1987, Jeffrey Cheah established Sunway College in Bandar Sunway as a private tertiary educational institute. Cheah partnered with Monash University in Melbourne, Australia in order to enable Malaysian students to pursue a preparatory year at Sunway College before being admitted to study at Monash. In 1997, the college proved financially viable, and Cheah transferred ownership to the Sunway Educational Trust Fund. In 1998, the Monash University Malaysia Campus was opened in Bandar Sunway, in partnership with the trust fund. On 12 August 2004, the Minister for Education granted the institution the status of a university college. In 2005 Monash University established the Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences (JCSMHS). The school offers first and second degrees in several departments of medicine and psychology and is accredited by the Australian Medical Council (AMC). In 2006, the Sultan of Selangor installed Jeffrey Cheah as Foundation Chancellor of the university college.

In 2001, the Royal Malaysia Police, Malaysia Crime Prevention Foundation (MCPF), the Selangor State Government and the Sunway Group, launched a joint initiative called the Safe City Initiative in order to reduce crime in the area. The initiative was deemed a success. In recognition of Tan Sri Jeffrey's contribution in the field of social safety and security, he was appointed the Chairman of MCPF Selangor Chapter by the Minister of Unity, Culture, Arts & Heritage in Aug 2008.

Royal orders and conferments
On 8 March 1988, the Sultan of Selangor made Jeffrey Cheah a Knight Commander of the Crown of Selangor (Dato' Paduka Mahkota Selangor, DPMS), which entitles its holder to the title Dato'.

In 1995, Jeffrey Cheah was made a Justice of the Peace (JP) by the Sultan of Terengganu. The appointment is purely honorary.

In April 1996, the Sultan of Perak, Jeffrey Cheah's home state, made him a Knight Grand Commander of the Crown of Perak (Dato' Seri Paduka Mahkota Perak, SPMP), which entitles its holder to the title Dato' Seri.

On 1 June 1996, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (the 'King of Malaysia') awarded Cheah Commander of the Order of Loyalty of the Crown of Malaysia (Panglima Setia Mahkota Malaysia, PSM), which entitles its holder to the title Tan Sri.

On 10 July 2008, Jeffrey Cheah was made an Honorary Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) for "service to Australia–Malaysia bilateral relations, particularly tertiary education through the development of collaborative student transfer programs and the establishment of a Monash University campus in Malaysia".

In 2023 he was awarded an Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) from the British Government for services to higher education, the National Health Service, and philanthropy.

Honorary doctorates
Jeffrey Cheah has been awarded the following ten honorary doctorates, by universities in Australia, the United States, United Kingdom and Malaysia.

Government advisor positions

 * 1) Director, National Productivity Centre, appointed by the Minister of Trade (1990).
 * 2) Chairman, Malaysian Industry-Government High Technology for Construction and Housing (MIGHT), appointed by the Prime Minister (1995).
 * 3) Executive Council Member, Malaysian Tourism Action Council, appointed by the Minister of Tourism (1996).
 * 4) Council Member, Higher Education Council of Malaysia, appointed by the Minister of Education (1996).
 * 5) Council Member, Financial Reporting Foundation, appointed by the Minister of Finance (1997).

Business honours

 * 1) 'Property Man of the Year (FIABCI, Malaysian Chapter)' (1993).
 * 2) 'CEO of the Year (Malaysia)' (1996).
 * 3) 'Asia's Most Innovative Chinese Entrepreneur Award' (2005).
 * 4) Chairman & co-founder of Asian Strategy And Leadership Institute (ASLI).
 * 5) Paul Harris Fellow Award.
 * 6) Fellow Australian Society of Certificate Practising Accountants.
 * 7) Fellow of Institute of Directors.
 * 8) Lifetime Achievement Luminary Award (2016)

Social and welfare organisations

 * 1) President, Malaysian Hakka Association (1997).
 * 2) Founding Trustee, Malaysian Liver Foundation (1999).
 * 3) Honorary chairman, Sin Chew Foundation (2000).
 * 4) Vice-President, National Kidney Foundation of Malaysia (2002).
 * 5) Honorary Member, Kuala Lumpur Malay Chamber of Commerce (2002).
 * 6) Fellow Benefactor, University of Cambridge (2015).

Places named after Jeffrey Cheah

 * Jeffrey Cheah Institute on Southeast Asia, Sunway University
 * Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Campus
 * Jeffrey Cheah Hall, Level 4, Sunway College
 * Kompleks Tan Sri Jeffrey Cheah, SJK (C) Chee Wen, Selangor
 * Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge

title: Jeffrey Cheah


text: User talk:69.106.59.36

title: User talk:69.106.59.36


text:
Talk:Rewi Alley

Insert Image Help Needed
Hello Wikipedia. Please help by adding image from. I am unable to insert it into infobox. SWP13 (talk) 06:16, 19 December 2016 (UTC)

Untitled
Yeah yeah, I know it's stalled. I got bogged in conflicting biographies - several of them were written by close friends of Alley, and a more recent one has accused them of Haigography. I decided to work on the article offline rather than live.

Input from someone more expert in 20th century chinese history would be welcome. dramatic 06:42, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The Japanese invaded China "proper" in 1937. They had taken Taiwan in 1895 and Manchuria in 1932, but in 1937 they invaded the historic eighteen provinces of China. There has to be a way to make that distinction clear. I have tried. If someone else can make it clearer please do, but to say they invaded "China" in 1937 is inaccurate. Lao Wai 30 June 2005 08:24 (UTC)

citizen?
did he become a Chinese citizen? When? thanks Hmains 17:05, 23 July 2006 (UTC) read Alley's own autobiogrpahy published by the new world press--at 90: memoirs of my china years. the current introduction on his life is glarringly oversimplified with strong cold war anti-communist biase which belittles Alley the great ordinary man type humanist and fighter for a just cause.

I don't agree that the introduction is anti-communist. In fact it glosses over Alley's extreme leftist brand of Communism. He was a supporter of the Gang of Four, and publicly critical of New Zealand - including supporting the Communist war against New Zealand forces in Vietnam. That would presumably be the context for the otherwise meaningless reference to "The New Zealand government did not strip Alley of his passport and remained proud of his ties to important Party leaders", although to say that the NZ government was proud of this traitor and communist may be going too far.124.197.15.138 (talk) 07:24, 29 October 2010 (UTC)

The article makes mention the NZ Govt didn't strip Alley of his passport. Funny, as it isn't possible to do this under NZ law anyway. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.57.174.252 (talk) 10:40, 26 March 2013 (UTC)

Communism a "just cause", well I suppose some useful idiots (as Stalin called them) still believe that. New Zealand passports can indeed be cancelled under the Passports Act.Royalcourtier (talk) 07:48, 6 March 2014 (UTC)

Private life
The evidence for Rewi Alley being homosexual is not based on any document or any testimony from anyone (the sort of thing that tends to come out when a closeted homosexual dies). It seems to rest wholly on him having gone to live in Shanghai. It is true there was a tolerated homosexual subculture in Shanghai in the 1930s. There were plenty of other reasons to live there and it was world-famous for its heterosexual side. All of which was suppressed under Mao.

The reason for doubting the book is that Anne-Marie Brady shows a bitter hatred for Alley. She doesn't accept he could have genuinely viewed Mao's rule as a good thing, despite plenty of others taking the same view. She has to give him a corrupt motive, he made a deal to be allowed to say. Now why on earth should the Chinese Communists in their first reforming fervour have needed such a deal?

It's also a bit hard to understand why a practicing homosexual should have stayed in China after it became legalised in the West.

I'm not particularly bothered by the notion he might have been an idealistic homosexual who managed to avoid being noticed for 38 years in a highly intrusive and intolerant culture - Chinese in general do not approve of homosexuality. I just want to get the facts correct, there is no good evidence.

--GwydionM (talk) 19:03, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Even funnier how if you read the article, it seems to suggest that (on top of being a Communist) Alley being homosexual (if he indeed was) would seem like such a bad thing or something... most of it sounds like neo-conservative and anti-Communist rant to me 205.250.61.203 (talk) 09:52, 28 April 2011 (UTC)

A "practicing" homosexual??? What kind of terminology is this??? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 14.201.122.39 (talk) 10:59, 12 April 2013 (UTC)

A notable sister called Gwendolen
Slstover tried to add a link - it would be Playcentre, the name in double square brackets. But there's nothing there currently about her. If it's correct, please add it, along with a reference, preferably printed.GwydionM (talk) 11:29, 20 September 2009 (UTC)

Make the portrait bigger?
The original is large, too large for an article. But something about twice the width of the current version would look nice, in my view. But I don't know how to set this. --GwydionM (talk) 18:18, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

Knighthood?
I would doubt that Alley was offered a knighthood in the 1950's. His prominence was only due to his being a militant communist - I rather thought that New Zealand governments in those days were anti-communist, and would regard him as a traitor.Royalcourtier (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 07:41, 6 March 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Place of death?
In the information box on the right his dates of birth and death are given, but only his place of birth. Is it really not known where (or indeed how) such a famous figure died? That itself would surely be worth mentioning.213.127.210.95 (talk) 16:46, 15 November 2018 (UTC)

 * Done. Thanks for drawing attention to it.--GwydionM (talk) 08:38, 16 November 2018 (UTC)

Views of China and New Zealand
I appreciate that you have done more work on this article than I, but the section Views of China and New Zealand is awkward and does not meet guidelines. Here are references:
 * MOS:QUOTE Using too many quotes is incompatible with an encyclopedic writing style and may be a copyright infringement.

The essay WP:QUOTEFARM says that overuse happens when "the quotes dominate the article or section." It continues: "Long quotations crowd the actual article and remove attention from other information. Many direct quotations can be minimized in length...." It suggests: "Consider minimizing the length of a quotation by paraphrasing, by working smaller portions of quotation into the article texts, or both."
 * WP:LONGQUOTE
 * WP:NPS "If the work is in copyright,then be careful to limit the amount quoted...."

This quote of nearly a thousand words constitutes the entire section.

I would be happy to see you work references from the interview into earlier sections either as quotes or as information. For instance, finding the bodies of children worked to death in foreign owned factories would enliven the paragraph on his experience in Shanghai and his radicalization.

As to "wrote" vs. "claims": WP:CLAIM says "To write that someone asserted or claimed something can call their statement's credibility into question, by emphasizing any potential contradiction or implying a disregard for evidence." (Italics mine).

I will restore my edits of August 23 after a few days, to allow for discussion.

All the best. ch (talk)

 * How long is long? Clearly they could be excessive, but to me they seem just to accurately reflect the man's work.  --GwydionM (talk) 09:20, 29 August 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rewi Alley


text:
András Hegedüs

András Hegedüs (31 October 1922 – 23 October 1999) was a Hungarian Communist politician who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1955 to 1956. He fled to the Soviet Union on 28 October, the fifth day of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, but returned in 1958 and taught sociology.

Early years
Coming from a poor family, he finished high school in Sopron at the Evangelical Academy. Hegedüs first became involved in the underground communist movement during his university years and became a member of illegal Hungarian Communist Party when he studied railway engineering at Budapest Technical University in 1942. He was not able to finish his studies and was put under house arrest in the August 1944 for two years but managed to escape at the end of November. He became part of the interim government on 24 June 1945.

1945–1990
In 1947 he married Zsuzsanna Hölzel (1922–1998); they had six children. From 1948 onwards Hegedüs became involved with the Hungarian Working People's Party eventually taking on leading roles. From the early 1950s he took on numerous ministerial portfolios. This culminated on 18 April 1955, when he was named Prime Minister after party leader Mátyás Rákosi forced out Imre Nagy. When the Kremlin frowned on Rákosi returning to the premiership he'd held from 1952 to 1953, Hegedüs took the post. Aged 32 at the time of his appointment, he was the youngest Prime Minister in Hungarian history. After signing the document asking Soviet troops for assistance during the revolution on 24 October, the government and people overwhelmingly supported him handing power back to Nagy. He became the most hated man in Hungary and was advised to flee by Soviet ambassador Yuri Andropov to the Soviet Union along with other Hungarian hardliners such as Ernő Gerő. In Moscow, he worked as part of the philosophy department at the Soviet Academy of Sciences between 1957 and 1958. In the November 1956 the interim committee of the Communist Party expelled him, but by September 1958 he was able to return home.

From the late 1950s he held numerous academic posts and worked in various research institutes: 1958–1961: Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS) Economic Institute 1961–1963: Central Statistics Institute 1963–1968: Founded and led the HAS Sociology Research Institute 1966: Karl Marx Economics University 1968–1973: Industry Studies

In 1968 he objected to the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia during the Prague Spring. He was dismissed from his position at the Sociology Research Institute and later in 1973 was expelled from the Communist Party for his differing political and ideological views. He became a pensioner from 1975 to 1982 when he was allowed to teach at the Economics University.

Post-communism
Following the collapse of Communism in 1990, Hegedüs founded the Worker's Academy. He was often interviewed about the events of 1956 by local and foreign news teams, as he was one of the few survivors from the government of that time. He died on the anniversary of the start of the Hungarian revolution.

Books

 * Socialism and Bureaucracy (Motive series), London: Allison & Busby, 1976.
 * The Structure of Socialist Society (Sociology and Social Welfare series), London: Constable, 1977.
 * Hegedüs András. Élet egy eszme árnyékában ("Life in the shadow of an ideology"). Bethlen Gábor Publishing House. 1989. Budapest ISBN 963-02-7200-8 (A slightly modified version of this book was published in 1985 in English.)

Essays

 * with Maria Markus. "Modernization and the Alternatives of Social Progress". Telos 17 (Fall 1973). New York: Telos Press

title: András Hegedüs


text:
Talk:2005 anti-Japanese demonstrations

An Excellent Source
One excellent source for the imformation that is missing here is the Japanese language Wikipedia on the same topic. Wikipedia Japan

Fixed it up a bit
I fixed the article up a bit. I'm going to redo it later on. --Kross 15:03, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)

Textbooks
Someone should write up a brief explaination about what in the textbook reforms that the Chinese oppose. --Tydaj 19:57, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Ok. The thing is that the Chinese government is not specifically clear with its people about these text books in the first place. As usual they leave out the fact that there are numerous forms of these textbooks and each school has the choice of which one it would like to work with, unlike all Chinese textbooks that are mandated by the Chinese government. There are some texts that describe Nanjing as "an incident" and state that "many" people died during that time. However, schools are NOT require to use this textbook. This text was created by rightist historians, but once again the schools do NOT have to use it.--User:Bozu 16:26, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A61708-2005Apr17.html

 * The fact that the book is approved is in itself an official statement. If the victims don't speak up now then it will be taken as their silent approval, and there is a very real possibility that the book's twisted version of history will be accepted by more and more Japanese youths as the truth and complete truth. The fact that it received official sanction is unacceptable. An analogy would be if some extremist group writes a textbook denoucing the Nazi's sustained campaign of terror in their concentration camps as a mere "incident" and it manages to get approval from education department in Germany, shouldn't the Jews be angered? CW 00:33, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It is natural that historical evaluations for historical evidences or figures differs between standpoints. For example, George Washington is a hero in the history of the United States, but he might be a traitor in the history of the United Kingdom. So, evaluation for WWII naturally differs between Chinese and Japanese people. The problem is that many Chinese or Korean marchers might criticize the textbook without reading it.Joshua

 * I wouldn't compare George Washington with what the Imperial Japanese Army has done - it's an insult to him making such a comparison to these mass murderers and war criminals - and it's an insult to the victims to define them as anything else. The offending parts of the text have been widely reproduced on the media and I was shocked at what I saw, not to mention this half-hour long, up close and personal interview with this cheeky mayor of Tokyo who really thinks Japan commited all these attrocities to "liberate" Asia and that THEY were the victims! This is very very worrying indeed if you ask me. CW 14:14, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Just adding a few non-POV facts.

There are 8 publishers of history textbooks in Japan ranging from very leftist to very rightist. The government has approved each one without more or less endorcement for any particular one. The teachers are free to choose which textbook they want to use.

The Fusosha textbook in question was the most heavily edited by the government among the eight, mostly against the wishes of the rightist editors. The English, Chinese and Korean translations of the controversial textbook is now available. Excerpts of chapters 4 and 5, which pertain to modern history, are available free of charge in PDF format from the following website. Fusosha

In case you have trouble finding it, here is the direct link to the English PDF. English PDF

Only one school in Japan adopted the first Fusosha history textbook, which was the school for the mentally retarded. The later versions did not fare much better. China Radio International reports as much. CRI article

Oscar 24 Oct. 2005

Title issue
Shouldn't the title be something like Spring 2005 anti Japanese government demonstrations in China or Chinese criticisms of Japanese textbook revisionism 2005 or Spring 2005 Japanese textbook revisionism demonstrations in China? "changes" can be used instead of "revisionism". I mean, the protestors in China aren't protesting against the Japanese *people* are they? The title of any wikipedia article should somehow convey the very specific nature of the issue in my opinion. What do people think? zen master  T 01:12, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I see someone has created redirects for my rough proposed titles. To avoid the appearance of POV shouldn't the main article be the most neutral title? zen master   T 05:44, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I like the title but shouldn't it be singular: Japanese textbook controversy and protests? zen master  T 01:43, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * No reason for it to be singular, considering that multiple textbooks are involved. Also, it should be noted that the controversy over Japanese history textbooks is not just limited to China; it also involves Korea. I have moved the article to Japanese history textbooks controversy. —Lowellian (talk) 02:32, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * Did you read what i wrote on your talk page? The controversy is over the content of the texbooks, which is abstract, which is singular.  Perhaps we need to find an english major or copy editor to clarify.  Why did you take out "and protests"? zen master   T 02:35, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, it's over the content. So for example, if we called this article Japanese history textbooks content controversy, then the word "content" would be singular. Textbooks would still not be singular when viewed as a noun. If viewed primarily as an adjective modifying "content" or "controversy", it could be either "textbook" or "textbooks". Since "textbook" really only works as an adjective, and "textbooks" works as both a noun and an adjective, I think "textbooks" should be preferred. —Lowellian (talk) 02:45, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * I took out protests because it makes the article title very long and is unnecessary. Many controversies involve protests by the sides involved in the controversy. We can talk about protests in the article without having to have it in the title. —Lowellian (talk) 02:45, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * For example, global warming controversy, Santorum controversy, and Karmapa controversy can all talk about demonstrations and protests and meetings and papers and everything else involved in the respective controversies without having all those other things be in the title. —Lowellian (talk) 02:49, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * Ok, what about textbook instead of textbooks though? (I admit it's a minor point but I strive for pristine clarity) zen master  T 02:51, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Read above. I already explained that...twice. —Lowellian (talk) 04:10, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * The subject of the controversy is singular (content) but yes the current version is orders of magnitude better than where we were a day ago, thx. zen master   T  06:07, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I like the move. -SV|t|add 04:39, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I think they are related but separate topics. The Japanese history textbooks controversy involves multiple years, multiple countries (mainly China and Korea), and multiple textbooks as well as multiple administrations. On the other hand, the 2005 anti-Japanese demonstrations aren't simply protesting over one textbook - the demonstrators are protesting over several issues such as Koizumi's visits to Yasukuni shrine, territorial conflicts, Japan's bid for a permanennt seat in the UN Security Council, position on Taiwan etc. A protester's banner says "Be Vicious Towards Japanese Devils" They're clearly angry at more than just the government, since they're attacking Japanese restaurants and boycotting Japanese goods as well. --Tokek 08:22, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps Anti Japanese Militarism? MaskedEditor 03:43, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

I propose that the title be 2005 Japanese textbook controversy, so as to address Tokek's acknowledgment of this being something particular to 2005. Even though they are protesting more than the textbooks, I think that 2005 Sino-Japanese controversy might be too broad, as we have yet to finish the year, also the textbook issue seems to give it a nice "point". Besides that they might be attacking Japanese persons and places, but this is only symbolic of their anti-Japanesse sentiments not to the people they are attacking becuase they are Japanese. If you want you could make 2005 Japanese UN Security Council controversy. It seems to me there is no need to put history in the title unless we need to differentiate this article from other Japanese textbook controversies of which I am not aware. In addition, the plural textbooks is silly because obviously there would not be a controversy over one textbook, and it fits with the format of Video game controversy, which addresses video games (plural). The adjectival from does not need pluralization. The title as it stands makes it sound like the textbooks is possesive of the controversy - something that could be unneccessarily avoided were it singular. -moogle 23:05, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * These may be legitimate distinctions, but by normal wiki process doesnt make sense until theres enough material to diverge. In otherwords there needs to be a lot more on the background, and a lot more on the protests themselves before splitting. -SV|t|add 04:43, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Tokek is correct. Spring 2005 anti-Japan demonstrations is a much better title. Most of the content should be moved under this title rather than Japanese history textbooks controversy which is a larger and different issue on its own. Hermeneus 05:15, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

I don't think wikipedia is a news archive, and the current article name lacks the encyclopaedic 'feel', as does most of the suggested changes. I say we make a all-encompassing 'Japanese Textbook Controversy' page, which includes all the prior protests against Japanese textbook revisions. -Hmib 01:40, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

Japanese Textbook Controversies would be the best since there have been several controversies over history textbook. The protest of this year in China could be included as a subsection, or should be moved to a space of its own under a different, more appropriate title like the ones suggested above. Saintjust 10:33, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

Increasing lack of context
Why does an anon account keep removing the brief description of comfort women? What is the relevant context of the Japanese prime minister visiting that particular shrine? zen master  T 20:54, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * These things are missing. Ive got no time, but heres the basics: The comfort women issue relates to rape and sex slavery; though not quite as "important" as genocide itself, shows the nature of the occupation. With note that these things were not uncommon in military occupations througout history, and the photograph makes the 20th century crimes move visible in history. The shrine is in honor of Japanese warriors of all eras, not limited to or excluding of WW II. The visit to the shrine is standard protocol symbolic propaganda for the head of state, just like any laying of the wreath, etc. The real issue is that Japan has failed to issue an official apology - this should link to the List of war apology statements issued by Japan - which though interesting and authoritative, fails the bar of "official apology" which is the central issue. Something might also be mentioned about the aging of Nanjing victims and Japan Army soldiers, and Iris Chang as a symbol for the victims cause. Im not sure about the merits of mentioning these. "Increasing lack of context" is typical with all controvesial topics which attract deliberate or misinformed obfuscation and confusion. Im not sure - certainly first-hand Chinese and Japanese perspectives would be welcome - but they dont seem to be evident. -SV|t|add 04:39, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The problem with the shrine is, it enshrines lists of names of the dead soldiers and these include some prominent class A war criminals, such as some of the masterminds behind the mass murdering in Nanjing. It is certainly NOT "just like any laying of the wreath" to the victims - imagine the Germany Chancellor honouring Adolf Hitler. CW 09:34, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Might be a good idea to babelfish the Chinese and Japanese versions of this article. That might give some context. I tried it a while back, but babelfish hick-upped when it tried to translate the website. I'll have to try again later with cut-and-paste. crazyeddie 05:26, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Translation link
The translation link that is given mostly gives textbook translations for textbooks from the nineties. I don't see the segment of the new textbook that the controversy is over. Is this link misplaced or irrelevant? user:offkilter
 * I'd say remove it, please. There are lots of crappy edits being made that needs removal.

 * Hi. I added that link because that's the textbooks in question.  The problem isn't new text books as such, it's because the same textbooks were approved again.  So basically it's not 'the new textbook' it's the old textbooks being reaffirmed without changes.  Unfortunetly the news sources aren't exactly being clear about this, but after a bit of reading this is the way I see it.  I will try to study this a bit more and give some better links.  Okay? Johnflux 07:12, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually "more than 130 revisions had been made to the text." Also, you should wait a few more days. According to a non-English news site, the group that authored the controversial textbook said they will upload within a week translations of the entire textbook in question.--Tokek 08:01, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The Link to the translations.

The English, Chinese and Korean translations of the controversial textbook is now available. Excerpts of chapters 4 and 5, which pertain to modern history, are available free of charge in PDF format from the following website. Fusosha

In case you have trouble finding it, here is the direct link to the English PDF. English PDF

Only one school in Japan adopted the Fusosha history textbook, which was the school for the mentally retarded. It accounted for approximately 0.3% of the elegible student population.

Oscar 24 Oct. 2005

Official or not?
Our intro paragraph states:
 * The Japanese history textbooks controversy is a long-running controversy regarding the presentation of historical events in official Japanese textbooks with respect to Japanese actions in World War II and the Sino-Japanese War. (My emphasis).

Given the current political tension associated with this matter, I think as a matter of urgency we need to double check this point. I had certainly been given the impression that these were official books in widespread use, but was today shocked to discover that that appears not to be the case at all; articles in "the Australian" newspaper, "the Korean Times" newspaper and BBC News all suggest that the offending books are in fact produced privately by a right-wing organisation and used by only a tiny minority of schools. Securiger 08:15, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * There seems to be no article about Japanese government's "checking textbook system" on en:Wikipedia. I explain this simply. Ministry of Education establishes what students (elementary,juniour,and high school) must study at least. Several textbook publishers edit under this     baseline. Ministry of Education checks these editions whether they include what they should include. If not, Ministry of Education requests publishers to modify. It is not impossible to use a textbook as a "textbook in school" that does not pass the check. Textbooks that passed the check will be selected by city's board of education. This is the "checking textbook system". It's free to sell textbooks that did not pass in the bookshops,though they are not used in schools.About history textbook, Ministry of Education establishes what publishers must write at least. But it's free to write about additional events and how event happened. Historical view is regarded as "freedom of expression", so if additionals are facts, it's OK. For exapmle, Japan ocupied Korea and did bad things(many things) and good things(developed the area). "Checking textbook system" demands only bad things. So,
 * Textbook with only bad things
 * Textbook with both good and bad things
 * Both textbooks will pass the check. "Textbook with only good things" will not pass the check, because it does not have enough description.So I answer the Securiger's question "Official" or not. The answer is "Textbooks officialy checked".--Mochi 15:00, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Is the controversy about just the "Japanese Society for History Textbook Reform" textbooks, or Japanese history textbooks in general? It seems clear that March 2005 PRC protests are over these particular textbooks, but is the controversy in general limited to these particular textbooks? crazyeddie 05:30, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It seems to me that it is operating at two levels. Most people, including most of the protesters (and myself until yesterday) are opposed to the JSHTR books but suffer the false impression that they are widely used or widely accepted in Japan. At a slightly more sophisticated level, other objectors realise that these books are produced by a fringe group and scarcely used, but are still concerned because there appears to be a faction within the LDP, and more particularly within the Ministry of Education, which sympathises with the JSHTR and has worked to relax the approval standards so the books weren't banned outright. Securiger 09:43, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Several news sources (eg CNN http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/asiapcf/04/14/japan.textbook.ap/) are saying 18 high schools use the textbook, out of 11,000, also that it has been "denounced" by the Japanese Teachers Union. 18 out of 11,000 is around two tenths of a percent, not quite 1 in five hundred. --Shannonr 11:40, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

need references in the Political Play section
Political Play section, can someone provide references? i.e. who, or from where, is the assertion that "some observers ...". And, at the end is a fact piece about Japanese schools using the textbook in question. We need a source info. Xah Lee 18:35, 2005 Apr 18 (UTC)

I've put in a news commentary piece that hopefully is good enough to count as a reference. About the source info for the textbooks themselves, isn't the CNN article good enough as a reference?--Hypo 21:50, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Cleanup
In particular what needs cleaning is the redundancy regarding the April 17 meeting. Also, the structure of some of the sentences are not consistent with standard English. -moogle 23:05, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * In my opinion, the description on the 2005 anti-Japanese patriotic movemnets in China must be separated from this article.Trek011 03:31, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The use of the term anti-Japanese is inappropriate: as with most anti-ethnic terms, there is an non-neutral and illogical meshing between objections to government policy and bigotry towards a culture or people. The policy is being objected to, and more specifically the textbooks (the content of) that are the issue. To call the protests anti-Japanese may appeal to Japanese who seek to villify the protesters as irrational and bigoted; hardly reasonable considering the merits of the issue. -SV|t|add 07:33, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm afraid I have to disagree fairly strongly with both Stevertigo and Trek011. This is a complex issue and anti-Japanese and/or nationalist sentiment is certainly involved and should not be brushed under the carpet. Long term, the apparent willingness of the Chinese administration to court those sentiments is probably the most important (and worrying) aspect of the whole issue. See, for example, the remarks of Mr. Hu Jia, described as a "leading anti-Japanese activist", but who is concerned about official manipulation of public opinion. Also, if the protesters are concerned only about government policy and are not anti-Japanese, why are they chanting racist slogans? Why is most of the violence directed against Japanese private citizens and their property (or even Chinese property with Japanese names)? Certainly these textbooks are highly offensive and it is very disturbing that there may be a faction in Japan's ruling party who approves of them, but to be NPOV we need to cover both sides of the issue and let readers make up their own minds; while to be encyclopaedic we need to canvas the undercurrents shaping these events. Securiger 09:43, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Were not here to repeat the mistakes in terminologies by Australian or other newspapers. This is NPOv, wheras newspapers everywhere cater to some degree to the POV of their respective audiences. There is a huge difference there. Yes, the term needs mentioning, but its more important to mention the fact that the term is extremely misleading and may mean different things depending on who uses it. If its to be used here, its only to be used for referring to deep-seated cultural bigotry, which is not the material issue. -SV|t|add 17:52, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Chinese demonstrators clearly critisize Japan, protest against the Japanese government, attack Japanese diplomatic and commercial faicilies in China and even beat Japanese students in China. Any other country is not targeted by them. In my opinion, aniti-Japanese can be used to describe the nature of their activities even in the title of an encyclopaedic article. Do you like to say that the implicit target of the Chinese demonstarators is their own oppressive government? Trek011 10:28, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * If you are so keen to use the term anti-Japanese, would you not also characterise Japan's alleged desire to whitewash the historical record as "anti-Chinese"? This goes both ways does it not? The best that any anti-ethnic term can do is to mistate the nature of more complex debates in the most simplistic possible way. The protests are anti-censorship first, and anti-Japanese sentiment (too often used misnomer for a perception of sentiment) is at best secondary, IMHO. In anycase, its fair to assume that if the history is explained, any relevant sentiments will be understood much better than by mere use of the anti-ethnic term.

SV|t|add 17:52, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The Japanese military atrocities during the WWII were not only conducted towards Chinese, but also towards Allied POWs and even Okinawans. It seems that your historical view is too China-centered.Trek011 04:18, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree to seperate the textbook controversy and the protests at 2005. In fact, their Chinese counterpart were different(Japanese history textbooks controversyand2005 Chinese Anti-Japan Protest.Skyfiler 22:03, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Separation of article was already attained not only in the Chinese edition but also in the French and Japanese editions. Why not in the English version?

Trek011 04:18, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The issue of Interwiki coordination has been of interest for a long time - I agree that its a good thing and there needs to be more of it (especially translation), but the notion of keeping a 1:1 relationship across all wikis just doesnt work - even in theory. So thats not really a reason to do as you suggest - Im sure you honestly think of these as separate, and thats why you want to give them separate emphasis. There are many reasons to fork an artie; a good one would be to make room for lots of new material; a bad one would be to split an article along POV lines. So please translate and incorporate any material from other wikis - and if there is enough material to justify one, make a new article. -SV|t|add 21:07, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

US & Australia
The US and Australia have had periodic Japanese history textbook controversies, someone needs to do the research and include these controversies into the article.

Perspective Edits
I believe some of the perceptions about the Chinese government's motivations have a place here, but were edited out ostensibly because the source was American. Also edited out was a factual news report about the historical omissions in Chinese textbooks about its own history. This was edited out, again, ostensibly because the news source referenced was American. Neutral POV is grand, but it's also needed when it comes to editing-out information; deleting something because the source is American isn't very even-handed. Does anyone have any feelings about the previously submitted and deleted information about the speculation as to the motivation for the Chinese side? (see history) My concern is not that any specific group's opinion be heard, but rather that it not be targeted, and that speculation (as well as the facts about omissions from Chinese textbooks) should have a place in the article to provide balance in the controversy. JH 20 April 2005
 * It may be relevant, but perhaps was out of place in the article, considering a balance with the other view. Speculation is bottom material in any case, while official allegations and their language can be moved upward as a basis for examination, not for deferential treatment as fact. Its natural that both governments and their media will cater to the views of their public. In practice governments of any kind tend to seek diplomatic solutions, and if any politician senses that the tide of public opinion has shifted, they will shift accordingly. It's fair to say that the official positions are reflections of the cultural views and these cultural views may be exposed and compared. But only in a balanced way. So its hard to know all the cultural subtlety from an outside point of view, its also perhaps easier to be objective, and dismissive of irrelevant cultural claims and biases. The facts speak quite well on their own. -SV|t|add 19:11, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Gary's rant

 * ''Note: Below is the link to an opinionated rant by a wikipedian, (perhaps plagiarized, perhaps not). While Wikipedia neither endorses nor condemns any point of view, it's place on this talk page was temporary, due to several factors: its pov nature, its non-sequiterish irrelevance to the immediate issue of writing the article, and its essay style. Wikipedia is not a blog, nor are its talk pages the place for editorial commentary, particularly those that do not respond to the material in the article, or the course of discussion on the talk page. Any useful material points or issues can be salvaged if each can be attributed to sources as fact or quoted opinion. -Nuf-sEd.

Requested move (May 16, 2005)
The current content of the article is almost exclusively on the recent anti-Japan protests in China (April 2005) and is way too lengthy to be included in an article on "Japanese history textbooks controversy" as it is because Japanese history textbooks controversy is a much larger issue on its own that spans more than 40 years (see Examining the Japanese History Textbook Controversies). Thus hereby request the move of the current content to a more proper title. Hermeneus 17:24, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

Place the article under Spring 2005 anti-Japan demonstrations

 * Support 1. The demonstrations were not just against Fusosha's New History Textbook as you can see in the subsection Specific issues that includes every "anti-Japan" issues, most notably Japan's membership in the UN Security Council and Senkaku Islands. 2. Protests also occurred in South Korea and it was primarily aroused by Shimane prefecture's announcement of Takeshima Day, not so much by the controversial new history textbook that was published and first became an issue of controversy several years ago. 3. Anti-Japan demonstrations/protest is the term that is widely used in English news media. Hermeneus 07:39, 18 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose - the suggested title seems a little POV and I'm sure a better one can be found. violet/riga (t) 21:40, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

It was requested that this article be renamed but there was no consensus for it to be moved. violet/riga (t) 21:40, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose - The article is about the entire controversy, not just the 2005 demonstrations. —Lowellian (talk) July 2, 2005 05:44 (UTC)
 * Note that this oppose vote came a month after the original request. —Lowellian (talk) July 2, 2005 05:46 (UTC)

I am writing a more comprehensive article on the series of controversies over the various issues of Japanese history textbook since 1945. When it's done, it will replace the existing content and the 2005 anti-Japan demonstrations will be put in a smaller subsection. If you want to have an independent article for the 2005 demonstrations, then you will have to find a new namespace as "Japanese history textbook controversy" is utterly inappropriate a title for the current content that only describes the 2005 demonstrations and repeats the same old complaints over Japanese war crimes.

Read Examining the Japanese History Textbook Controversies to get a glimpse of what the real "controversies" are. Hermeneus (talk) July 5, 2005 01:25 (UTC)

 * Oppose This article is too broad in scope to be contained under history textbook controversies. Nor should it be placed under the topic of 2005 demonstrations. The closest seems to be anti-Japanese sentiment, but that is already taken and too broad, anyway. Is there a larger context that could comfortably accommodate the current content of the article? I agree that this page (and others like it) are too prone to degenerate into rather one-sided complaints over Japan's past with a decided Chinese bias.

I have already edited a section on the Nanjing Massacre, which had huge POV problems:

(1) The actions of Japanese soldiers during the occupation of the city of Nanjing 'still breed anger in many Chinese today'.

Anger is understandable, but one needs to ask to what extent this anger has been bubbling away all along, and to what extent it is being whipped up now, 60-years later, for reasons of politics, nationalism, or whatever.

(2) 'In the 1937 Japanese takeover of Nanjing, most evidence points to an estimated 300,000 people killed.'

Pardon me, but this figure has come under question from researchers. It may turn out to be true that 300,000 were killed (it may turn out not to be true, too). This is the Chinese-government supported figure but should not be stated as though it is fact. Trying to pass it off as fact is a deliberate distortion.

(3) 'The Japanese textbook in question ... refer to the Nanjing Massacre as an "incident"'.

Another case of 'anger' overriding other considerations. The term 'incident' is used by Japanese historians for various events during the war. Many Chinese feel that anything but the use of 'massacre' is provocative, but at least one Western historian has spoken out in favour of using 'incident' as the most neutral term.

There is a need to discuss this friction between the two nations from a larger perspective, without so much bias and emotionalism, but without making it into a pale study of diplomatic history. Any suggestions?

Bathrobe 10 August 2005

 * (1) No doubt there are political reasons that the Chinese government has been more tolerant to demonstrations than usual, but it is undeniable that this anger is real. There are still many survivors out there and any members of the older generation would have been deeply scarred emotionally by the war. My grandmother for one has many stories to tell and is still very emotional about it. Stories such as close relatives around them getting tortured, raped or simply murdered in front of them; and having nothing to eat but tree bark and dead bodies. For us in the post-war generations it is hard to dismiss these as just some other stories.

 * If one looks at how much effort the Germans are putting into reconciliation and compare that to what the Japanese are doing it is much easier to understand why the anger in the Chinese and Korean people is still lingering on. The impression that the Japanese are projecting is they are simply trying to forget the past and that's not what their victims like to see.

 * (2) It does say it is an estimated number and that's quite a widely reported one as well both inside and outside China as far as I know. A reference would help I'm sure.

 * (3) That's up for arguement I suppose. I've seen that part of the text and the use of this term in the context stands out like a sore thumb.

 * CW 14:55, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

What on earth
...is the focal point of this article. It says very little about the textbooks themselves and everything about Chinese protests and demonstration. Mandel 18:05, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Indeed. Actually, the allegedly rightwing textbook actually says, at least, something about the "Nankin Incident": "この東京裁判では、日本軍が1937（昭和12）年、日中戦争で南京を占領したとき、多数の中国人民衆を殺害したと認定した（南京事件）. なお、この事件の実態については資料の上でも疑問点も出され、さまざまな見解があり、今日でも論争が続いている. (P.295)"

Senkaku Islands
The following statements are removed: "Historically, these islands belonged to Taiwan. In 1944, the Tokyo court also ruled that the islands are part of Taihoku Prefecture (Taipei Prefecture), following a dispute between Okinawa Prefecture and Taihoku Prefecture."

They are NPOV, and the primary source of the removed statements, which was solely based on a claim made by the president of the fishermen's association of [Keelung]] city in August, 4, 1971, can be found in the journal "Modern China Studies"(in Simplified Chinese).

http://www.chinayj.net/StubArticle.asp?issue=970111&total=56

 * Actually, this one is mostly true. A Japanese court ruled that the islands belonged to Taiwan rather than Okinawa. However, at the time Taiwan was Japanese territory so in order for China to use this ruling as part of a claim on the islands it would have to officially recognize that Japan had legal jurisdiction in the first place. This would mean that China would have to admit that Japan's claim on Taiwan was legal, which would mean that it would have to give up its own claim on Taiwan. which simply isn't going to happen. - perfectblue (talk) 15:46, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

Background
I've removed the following, as they are merely personal opinions: "..which, as its name implies, aims to revise Japanese history to suit its rightist ends" and rephrased a few more sentences. --TokyoJapan 14:36, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

Taiwan
I have removed the following: "but Japan and the United States had issued a joint declaration earlier in the year stating Japan would defend Taiwan by US request if a war were to break out over Taiwan." since it is unattributed and, generally speaking, unimaginable. The Japanese are not allowed to "defend" any foreign land and such statement would have easily caused a constitutional crisis. The statement was merely demanding a peaceful settlement of the matters concerned. --TokyoJapan 14:36, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

comfort men
what about comfort men? we only hear about women, but i heard it was quite acceptable for japanese to be gay because of the absence of religion. did they take men and force them to have sex? —Preceding unsigned comment added by BUKET.TKO (talk • contribs) 01:54, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/la-ed-china18apr18,0,5470527.story
 * In 2005 anti-Japanese demonstrations on 2011-05-25 08:08:05, 404 Not Found
 * In 2005 anti-Japanese demonstrations on 2011-06-12 03:28:47, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 03:29, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 2
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/politics/news/20050506i116.htm
 * In 2005 anti-Japanese demonstrations on 2011-05-25 08:08:05, 404 Not Found
 * In 2005 anti-Japanese demonstrations on 2011-06-12 03:28:51, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 03:29, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 3
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://afr.com/articles/2005/04/07/1112815671969.html
 * In 2005 anti-Japanese demonstrations on 2011-05-25 08:08:11, 404 Not Found
 * In 2005 anti-Japanese demonstrations on 2011-06-12 03:29:05, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 03:29, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 4
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.asahi.com/edu/news/TKY200509020241.html
 * In 2005 anti-Japanese demonstrations on 2011-05-25 08:08:05, 404 Not Found
 * In 2005 anti-Japanese demonstrations on 2011-06-12 03:29:26, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 03:29, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 5
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.usjp.org/jpeducation/TextbookAuthorizationSystem.htm
 * In Japanese history textbook controversies on 2011-05-03 06:03:28, 404 Not Found
 * In 2005 anti-Japanese demonstrations on 2011-05-25 08:08:06, 404 Not Found
 * In 2005 anti-Japanese demonstrations on 2011-06-12 03:29:26, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 03:29, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 05:57, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

Relevance to the Iraq War opposition?
Looking through this article, there is no single evidence or mention of how the 2005 anti-Japanese protests has any relevance with the Iraq war. Can the author (who had chosen to include the Iraq War opposition template and category) explain how these protests any way reflect on the Iraq war when the protests were largely against the Japanese and their actions in World War 2? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.94.30.156 (talk) 11:12, 29 August 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Did this happen? "On April 15, 2005, the beating of a Chinese student at Peking by Japanese Foreign Exchange Students sparked mass demonstrations."
Under Demonstations, the People's Republic of China, there is this stand-alone sentence: "On April 15, 2005, the beating of a Chinese student at Peking by Japanese Foreign Exchange Students sparked mass demonstrations."

There are no citations for this. I am conducting research on this period in Sino-Japanese relations and I have never heard of it. The incident sounds quite unlikely overall, given what was going on at the time. It's just hard to believe that foreign exchange students would join together to beat up a local. It also seems rather inflammatory.

I cannot find a single source on this be searching news media for this time period. If a reliable source cannot be provided, then may I suggest that the sentence be removed? Pstrike (talk) 03:58, 5 November 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:2005 anti-Japanese demonstrations


text:
Jean-Pierre de Crousaz

Jean-Pierre de Crousaz (13 April 1663 – 22 March 1750) was a Swiss theologian and philosopher. He is now remembered more for his letters of commentary than his formal works.

Life
De Crousaz was born in Lausanne, Switzerland. He was a many-sided man, whose numerous works on many subjects had a great vogue in their day, but are now largely forgotten. He has been described as an initiateur plutôt qu'un créateur (an initiator rather than a creator), chiefly because he introduced the philosophy of Descartes to Lausanne in opposition to the reigning Aristotelianism, and also as a Calvinist pedant (for he was a pastor) of the French abbés of the 18th century.

He studied in Geneva, Leiden, and Paris, before becoming professor of philosophy and mathematics at the academy of Lausanne in 1700. He was rector of the academy four times before 1724, when theological disputes led him to accept a chair of philosophy and mathematics at Gröningen. In 1726 he was appointed governor to the young prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel), and in 1735 returned to Lausanne with a good pension. In 1737, he was reinstated in his old chair, which he retained to his death.

Edward Gibbon, describing his first stay at Lausanne (1752–1755), writes in his autobiography, "The logic of de Crousaz had prepared me to engage with his master Locke and his antagonist Bayle".

Works
The most important of his works are:
 * Nouvel Essai de logique (1712)
 * Géométrie des lignes et des surfaces rectilignes et circulaires (1712)
 * Traité du beau (1714)
 * ''Examen du traité de la liberté de penser d'Antoine Collins (1718)
 * De l'éducation des enfants (1722, dedicated to the then Princess of Wales)
 * Examen du pyrrhonisme ancien et moderne (1733, an attack chiefly on Bayle)
 * Examen de l'essai de M. Pope sur l'homme (1737, an attack on the Leibnitzian theory of Pope's poem Essay on Man)
 * Logique (6 vols., 1741)
 * De l'ésprit humain (1741)
 * Réflexions sur l'ouvrage intitulé: La Belle Wolfienne (1743)

title: Jean-Pierre de Crousaz


text:
Talk:Eukelade

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
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Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 20:56, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Pronunciation
The accent is almost certainly on the ke. The only way to have stress on the la would be if the vowel were long, but long ā was quite rare in Attic Greek, having shifted to ō before Roman times. — kwami 06:46, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Pronunciation confirmed with UCSB classics dept, along with partial Greek spelling (no Greek stress). kwami 03:13, 2005 May 4 (UTC)

The mythological Eukelade
I tried to find a source for Eukelade as one of the Muses. The best I could do was the following link (a PDF file), which is a page from a Greek/French book on Hesiod. Unfortunately, I cannot locate the book's title.

Below is a the relevant passage and a translation kindly provided by User:Urhixidur.

 * ''Les neufs déesses inventèrent, Clio, l'histoire, Thalie la culture des plantes, Euterpe, la flûte, Melpomène, le chant, Terpsichore la danse du choeur, Érato les chants nuptiaux et la danse, Polymnie l'agriculture, Uranie, l'astrologie, Calliope, la poésie. De là et à cause de telles découvertes, elles firent l'objet de récits fabuleux en tant que déesses et furent nommées les Muses à cause de l'art de la connaissance. Et maintenant chaque homme et chaque femme qui les recherche et qui les désire est dit musicien et muse, de même que chacun qui se soucie de l'art musical. En effet neuf joueuses de flûte, que l'on appelait les Muses, suivaient ce Dionysos Osiris qui aime l'agriculture lorsqu'il enseignait l'art de cultiver. Certains autres disent que les premières à avoir été les neuf Muses sont : Callichoré, Hélikè, Eunikè, Telxinoè, Terpsichore, Euterpe, Eukéladè, Dia, Enopé ;ils ne savent pas, à ce qu'il semble, ce qui m'a été dit récemment : chaque homme qui désire quelque art, et de même chaque femme, reçoit le nom de Musicien et Muse. De là, celles qu'ils nomment ne sont pas les seules muses, mais on peut en trouver des milliers d'autres. Et certains disent que toutes celles qu'on nomme les Muses sont vierges ; certains disent que les autres le sont, à l'exception des neuf que l'on trouve chez Hésiode. En effet, parmi elles, de Clio et Magnès sont nés Ialémos (1) et Hyménaeos ;d'Euterpe et de Strymon, ou selon certains de Terpsichore, Rhésos, d'Apollon de Carbas(*) et de Thalie(2), Palaephatos ; d'Uranie et d'Apollon ou du fils de Piéros, Linos (3); de Melpomène ou selon certains de Terpsichore et d'Achéloos, les Sirènes ; de Terpsichore ou de Melpomène et de Linos le fils d'Apollon, ou selon certains de Laros ; d'Erato et d'Aethlios le fils d'Endymion ou de Philammon, Thamyris ; de Polymnie et de Céléos (4), ou de Cheimarros le fils d'Arès, Triptolème ; de Calliope et d'Oeagre, Orphée.

 * Elles sont neuf soeurs ; voici les découvertes des Muses : Clio, la rhétorique, Euterpe, l'art de la flûte, Thalie la comédie, Melpomène, la tragédie, Terpsichore, l'art de jouer de la cithare, Érato, la poésie, Polymnie, la géométrie, Uranie l'astronomie, Calliope les chants ; il dit qu'elle est la plus importante de toutes, parce que la parole est plus importante que chaque science, ou bien parce que la poétique est plus importante.

 * Roughly:

 * ''Each of the nine goddesses invented something: Clio - History, Thalia - "plant husbandry", Euterpe - the flute, Melpomène - song, Terpsichore - choral dance (?! is it « ch?ur » or « c?ur »?), Érato - dance and nuptial song, Polymnia - agriculture, Urania - astrology (sic), Calliope, poetry. Hence, and because of these inventions, they became the subject of fabulous tales as goddesses and were named the Muses because of the art of knowledge. And now each man or woman who pursues and strives after them is named a musician and a muse, as are all those interested in the musical art. Indeed nine flute-players, called the Muses, followed Dionysos Osiris who taught agriculture. Others say that the first nine Muses were : Callichoré, Hélikè, Eunikè, Telxinoè, Terpsichore, Euterpe, Eukéladè, Dia, Enopé; they ignore, as far as I can tell, what was taught me recently: that each man (or woman) who strives after some art is named Musician and Muse. Hence, those that they name are not the only muses, and we can find thousands of others. Some say that all Muses are virgins; others that they all are except for Hesiod's nine. This because Clio and Magnès begat Ialémos (1) and Hyménaeos; Euterpe (or Terpsichore, according to some) and Strymon begat Rhésos; Apollo of Carbas(*) and Thalia(2) begat Palaephatos; Urania and Apollo (or a son of Piéros) begat Linos (3); Melpomène (or Terpsichore, according to some) and Achéloos begat the Sirens; Terpsichore (or Melpomène) and Linos, son of Apollo (or Laros) [there seems to be a missing bit here]; Erato and Aethlios, son of Endymion (or Erato and Philammon) begat Thamyris; Polymnia and Céléos (4) (or Cheimarros son of Ares) begat Triptolemus; Calliope and Oeagre begat Orpheus.

 * They are nine sisters, and these are their discoveries: Clio, rhetoric, Euterpe, flute-playing, Thalia comedy, Melpomène, tragedy, Terpsichore, cithar-playing, Érato, poetry, Polymnia, geometry, Urania astronomy, Calliope, song; he (Hesiod) says she is the most importante of all, because the word is paramount over each science, or else because poetry is more important.

 * Urhixidur 22:08, 2005 Apr 14 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eukelade


text:
Use (law)

Use, as a term in the property law of common law countries, amounts to a recognition of the duty of a person to whom property has been conveyed for certain purposes, to carry out those purposes. In this context "use" is equivalent to "benefit".

Uses were equitable or beneficial interests in land. In early law a property owner could not dispose of his estate by will nor could religious houses acquire it. As a method of avoiding certain common law rules, the practice arose of making feoffments to the use of, or upon trust for, persons other than those to whom the seisin or legal possession was delivered, to which the equitable jurisdiction of the chancellor gave effect. The Statute of Uses was passed in 1536 in an attempt to remedy the abuses which it was said were occasioned by this evasion of the law. However, the Statute failed to accomplish its purpose.

Development of the use
Historian A. L. Brown summarises the use as a "where one or more persons hold land to the 'use' of another". One reason for the creation of uses was a desire to avoid the strictness of certain rules of the common law, which considered seisin to be all-important. Although the common law recognised a use in chattels from an early period, it was clear by the end of the 14th century that land law had no room for this notion. Uses, nonetheless, satisfied contemporary needs in 15th century England. Their first application in relation to land was to provide land to Franciscan friars, who were pledged to vows of poverty and could not own land. Instead, a proprietor could enfeoff (grant) land to a proxy tenant for the friars' use as cestuis que (intended beneficiaries). The law recognised the proxy as the landholder, while the friars used the land as his guests.

Uses served various purposes, including:

 * Substitute of wills: Before the Statute of Wills 1540, a tenant in fee simple could not devise the interest in the land by a will at common law. Upon his death the land devolved upon his eldest son or, if he died without leaving an heir, the land would escheat (revert) to his overlord. The use could avoid these results by allowing the tenant to convey his land to a friend, on the understanding that the friend would permit the grantor, and, after the grantor's death, the grantor's designated cestuis que to have the full benefit and enjoyment of the land.
 * Avoidance of feudal burdens: By the device of a use, the tenant could avoid dues upon his death, since he was not seised of the land at his death.
 * Providing for grantor's wife: Since man and wife were considered to be one person at common law, a man could not convey land to his wife. This difficulty was overcome if the land was conveyed to a feoffee to uses to the use of the grantor's wife.
 * Avoidance of the Statutes of Mortmain: The statutes prohibited the conveyance of land to religious bodies. They were avoided by conveyance to a feoffee to uses to the use of a religious order.

The rapid development of the use was probably one of the consequences of the Black Death, during which many landowning nobility died, leaving their realty to their widows and minor orphans.

Enforcement of uses
The Court of Chancery eventually assumed the task of enforcing uses. Later, it decided that not only was the conscience of the feoffee to uses bound by the use, but also the conscience of his heir. Thus, on the death of the feoffee to uses the use could be enforced against the feoffee's heir to whom the legal fee simple estate had descended.

The idea of a tie in conscience was gradually extended, and with it the sphere of enforceability of the use. The modern position was reached by the beginning of the sixteenth century: The use could be enforced against anyone in the world acquiring an interest in the land other than a bona fide purchaser of the legal estate for value without notice of the use. In a conveyance "to A and his heirs to the use of B and his heirs", the common law took cognisance only of A and went no further. But if A attempted to act inconsistently with the dictates of his conscience, the Court of Chancery would enforce the use against him.

From this time, two different kinds of interests in the land could exist side by side, a fragmentation between legal and beneficial.

The Statute of Uses
From early on, legislation interfered with uses where they were employed for purposes that were regarded as improper. During the 14th and 15th centuries, legislation was passed which was designed to prevent uses being created so as to defraud creditors.

As the lord at the top of the feudal pyramid, the King suffered most from the employment of uses and evasion of tenurial incidents. The Statute of Uses (1536) was the culmination of various attempts by Henry VIII to solve the problem. The statute operated to execute the use so that the interest of the cestui que use, which was previously an equitable interest, was converted into a legal interest.

However, the Statute failed to accomplish its purpose, but the modern law of trusts arose out of this failure of the Statute of Uses. The Statute of Uses is also the basis of modern conveyancing.

title: Use (law)


text:
Teh Hong Piow

Teh Hong Piow (14 March 1930 – 12 December 2022) was a Malaysian banker and businessman. He was the founder, chairman, director, and adviser to the Public Bank Berhad in Malaysia. Teh was one of three individuals in the country who were permitted to hold a stake of more than 10% in a domestic financial institution.

Biography
Teh was born in Singapore on 14 March 1930. He attended his formal primary and secondary education at the Anglo-Chinese School in Singapore. He has been married to Puan Sri Tay Sock Noy since 1956 and they have four children – three daughters, Lilian Teh Li Ming, Lillyn Teh Li Hua, Diona Teh Li Shian and a son, William Teh Lee Pang.

On 12 December 2022, Teh died at the age of 92.

Career
Teh began his banking career in 1950 as a Bank Clerk in Overseas-Chinese Banking Corporation Ltd and rose in rank to officer within five years. He joined Malayan Banking Berhad as Manager in 1960. Later in 1964, he was promoted to the position of General Manager at the young age of 34, then founded Public Bank Berhad in 1965 and commencement of business operation in 1966. He has since overseen its evolution into a modern and integrated financial institution with a wide network of 259 domestic and two overseas branches.

One of Malaysia's wealthiest businessmen, Teh obtained three degrees at the unaccredited Pacific Western University and two PhDs at Clayton University (also unaccredited) and University Malaya. His net worth was estimated by Forbes to be US$4.7 billion, making him the 223rd richest person in the world and the 5th richest in Malaysia.

Teh was the Chairman of Public Bank Group. He also held leading positions in various organisations such as Public Foundation, Malaysia and LPI Capital Berhad, Malaysia (Group). On 1 January 2019, he had retired as a chairman but continued to stay on as an adviser to provide guidance and support the continued growth of Public Bank and the Public Bank group. Teh, who was also the non-executive chairman of the units – Public Islamic Bank Bhd (PIBB) and Public Investment Bank Bhd (PIVB) had retired as chairman on 1 January 2018. However, he stayed on as a non-executive director.

Teh had been awarded around 45 awards during his career, including the award for ‘Greatest Malaysian Banker of All Time’ by the Asia Pacific Brands Foundation.

Honours of Malaysia

 * 🇲🇾 Malaysia :
 * Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia - PSM.svg Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (PSM) – Tan Sri (1983)
 * Pahang :
 * Dato Kurnia Sentosa (1966)
 * Justice of the Peace of Pahang (1967)
 * MY-PAH Order of the Crown of Pahang - Grand Knight - SIMP.svg Grand Knight of the Order of the Crown of Pahang (SIMP) – formerly Dato', now Dato' Indera
 * MY-PAH Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang - Grand Knight - SSAP.svg Grand Knight of the Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang (SSAP) – Dato' Sri (2002)
 * Johor :
 * Most Honourable Order of the Crown of Johor - ribbon bar.png Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown of Johor (DPMJ) – Dato' (1973)
 * Most Honourable Order of the Crown of Johor - ribbon bar.png Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Johor (SPMJ) – Dato' (1974)
 * Order of the Loyalty of Sultan Ismail (Johor) - ribbon bar.png Knight Grand Companion of the Order of Loyalty of Sultan Ismail of Johor (SSIJ) – Dato'

title: Teh Hong Piow