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User:Sjb64579

A stepfamily is the family one acquires when a parent marries someone new. For example, if one's mother dies and one's father marries a new woman, that woman is one's stepmother, and any children she already has are one's stepsiblings (if they were fathered by your father, however, they are your half-siblings instead of stepsiblings).

Although Historically Step families are built through the institution of "marriage". ; and legally recognized; it is currently unclear  if a Stepfamily can be   established and recognized by less formal arrangements;  such as when  a man or woman with children cohabits with another  man or woman outside of marriage.

To be sure many such relationships may be fleeting, However just as many may endure. There do appear to some cultures in which these families are recognized socially, but it is unclear as what if any status and protection they have in Law.

However One can easily imagine such recognition in "Common Law " However it has still not been fully decided in "Civil Law". This is particularly gripping question today because the emergence of many new relationships and family structure which are now clamoring for recognition.

title: User:Sjb64579


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Lady Bouvier's Lover

"Lady Bouvier's Lover" is the twenty-first and penultimate episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 12, 1994. In the episode, Abe Simpson falls in love with Marge's mother, Jacqueline Bouvier, and they start dating. However, on a night out in town, she is charmed by Mr. Burns. Abe is brokenhearted when he learns that Jacqueline is going to marry Mr. Burns.

The episode was written by Bill Oakley and Josh Weinstein, and directed by Wes Archer. It was recorded in October 1993 at the Darryl F. Zanuck Building on the 20th Century Fox lot in West Los Angeles. The episode features cultural references to films such as The Gold Rush and The Graduate, and songs such as "Moonlight Serenade" and "Sing, Sing, Sing".

Since airing, the episode has received mixed reviews from television critics. It acquired a Nielsen rating of 10.0, and was the third highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired.

Plot
The Simpson family gathers to celebrate Maggie's birthday. After the party, Grampa feels depressed, so Marge sets him up for a date with her mother, Jacqueline. Eventually, the couple falls in love, which enrages Homer, who believes that old people should not date each other — especially in-laws — and fears that his children will become "freaks" if the two decide to marry.

To impress Jacqueline, Grampa takes her out dancing, but when he does, Mr. Burns steals her from him and breaks his heart. They soon fall in love, and Jacqueline later agrees to marry Burns, to Marge's chagrin. Meanwhile, Bart buys a $350 Itchy & Scratchy animation cel with one of Homer's credit cards, which turns out to be poor quality with only part of Scratchy's arm drawn. Bart tries to trade it to Comic Book Guy for money but is offered a telephone in the shape of Mary Worth instead. In order to pay Homer back, Bart blackmails Burns by threatening to ruin his suit before his date.

On the day of the wedding, Grampa crashes Burns' and Jacqueline's wedding ceremony and asks that Jacqueline marry him instead. Partly due to Burns' behavior, especially when he threatens Bart after he accidentally drops the wedding rings, she decides not to marry either man. Grampa accepts Jacqueline's decision.

Production
"Lady Bouvier's Lover" was written by Bill Oakley and Josh Weinstein, and directed by Wes Archer. The episode was inspired by the fact that The Simpsons has many elderly characters, which the writers felt was unique for network television, so they sought to highlight those characters. Originally, the episode was supposed to be about Misery. One of the ideas was that Grampa would get injured on Mr. Burns's property and get stuck there, leading Grampa to think that Mr. Burns would kill him when he was discovered there. However, this idea was cut out in production because the script was over 85 pages long.

The episode was recorded at the Darryl F. Zanuck Building on the 20th Century Fox lot in West Los Angeles, where the cast and crew of The Simpsons gathered on a Monday morning in October 1993. Before the recording session took part, the main voice actors of the show (Dan Castellaneta, Harry Shearer, Julie Kavner, Yeardley Smith, Nancy Cartwright, and Hank Azaria) sat down with executive producer David Mirkin and a crew of writers at a table reading to determine what shape the script was in. There was "genuine hearty laughter at various points" during the script run-through, said Ray Richmond, a reporter for the Los Angeles Daily News. Immediately after the reading, the crew of writers hurried to make script changes based on what got laughs and what did not, while the actors waited impatiently. Mirkin told Richmond that the script would require the equivalent of ten rewrites: "At every step, there are amendments and additions and refinements." Richmond commented that as the recording session started, the "astounding versatility" of the actors became clear; "Castellaneta bounces from being Homer to Grampa to Barney without taking a breath and minus any evident vocal similarities." Mirkin said the episode was also a tour de force for Kavner, who in one scene voices Marge, Marge's two sisters, and Marge's mother. He added that even though she enjoyed the process, it was tough on Kavner's voice because those characters talk with "gravelly voices".

Cultural references
The episode's title is a play on D. H. Lawrence's novel Lady Chatterley's Lover (1928). Grampa is hassled twice by lawyers representing the estates of deceased entertainers: first for imitating Charlie Chaplin's bread roll dance scene from The Gold Rush (1925), and the second for imitating Jimmy Durante. Grampa banging on the church window while shouting "Mrs. Bouvier!", and the subsequent getaway on the bus, are references to The Graduate (1967), as is the closing song, a parody of "The Sound of Silence" by Simon and Garfunkel. Mrs. Bouvier says her friends Zelda Fitzgerald, Frances Farmer and Sylvia Plath were jealous of her good looks and it drove them crazy. All three women were known for having been institutionalized, Fitzgerald and Farmer for schizophrenia and Plath for a breakdown that resulted in suicide. Mrs. Bouvier's favorite tune—played during the dance at the Springfield Community Center and later by Grampa at the wedding—is Glenn Miller's "Moonlight Serenade". The swing tune played during Mrs. Bouvier and Mr. Burns's dance is "Sing, Sing, Sing", written by Louis Prima and performed by Benny Goodman. Bart and Lisa sing the 1960s advertising jingle used for Armour and Company's brand of hot dogs. Everyone, except Lisa, then sings the advertising jingle for Chicken Tonight, complete with chicken dance moves. Bart receives a Mary Worth telephone after unsuccessfully trying to get his money back for the Itchy and Scratchy cel he purchased.

Ratings
In its original American broadcast, "Lady Bouvier's Lover" finished 50th in the ratings for the week of May 9 to May 15, 1994, with a Nielsen rating of 10.0. The episode was the third highest-rated show on the Fox network that week, following Beverly Hills, 90210 and Melrose Place.

Critical reception
Since airing, the episode has received mixed reviews from television critics.

DVD Movie Guide's Colin Jacobson called the episode a "generally good program, though not one of the year’s best". Jacobson said he dislikes Marge's mother; "she’s one of the series’ less interesting characters, which is probably why she appears so rarely." However, he thinks Grampa is "always fun", and "it’s nice to see him in an ebullient mood, at least for a while." Patrick Bromley of DVD Verdict gave the episode a B− grade and said he is "never terribly interested in episodes that revolve around [Grampa] Simpson". He believes Grampa is "great as a background character, but less so when he takes center stage". He added: "I'm also especially uninterested in episodes revolving around Marge's mother. Having said that, this episode does have a number of inspired moments—notably the subplot involving Bart's pursuit of an Itchy & Scratchy cel, as well as one of the series' many homages to The Graduate." Bill Gibron of DVD Talk gave the episode a score of 4 out of 5.

The authors of I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood, wrote: "Homer's nightmare vision of Bart, Lisa and Maggie as ordinary kids is a highlight of this especially crazy—surreal jokes, flashbacks and dream sequences whizz by at an alarming rate—installment."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Lady Bouvier's Lover


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Dawn of Azazel

Dawn of Azazel is a death metal band from New Zealand. They have played around the world in countries such as U.S., Switzerland, Spain, Portugal, Ireland, Czech Republic, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Austria, Thailand, Indonesia and Australia. In February 2008 it was announced that Martin Cavanagh would be departing the band, shortly after, He was replaced by Jeremy Suckling of Wellington deathcore band Scoria. Dawn of Azazel have finished recording the new album entitled 'Relentless', set to be released on 13 October on Unique Leader Records – The album was recorded at Mana Studios in Florida and was produced by Brian Elliott.

Media coverage
In 2005, it was reported that vocalist Rigel Walshe was a constable in the New Zealand Police, with questions being raised about the contrast between his job as a public servant and the violent lyrics in Dawn of Azazel CDs. No official action was taken as his police work and singing careers were kept separate.

Law of the Strong Lineup – 2001–2004

 * Rigel Walshe – vocals; Bass guitar
 * Joe Bonnett- Guitar
 * Tony Angelov – Guitar
 * Phil Osbourne – drums

Sedition Lineup 2004 – 2008
 * Rigel Walshe – vocals; Bass guitar
 * Joe Bonnett – guitar
 * Martin Cavanagh – drums

Relentless (2009)
 * Rigel Walshe – vocals; Bass guitar
 * Joe Bonnett – guitar
 * Jeremy Suckling – drums

Personnel

 * Brian Elliott – Record Producer

Current lineup

 * Rigel Walshe – vocals; bass
 * Nik Davies - Guitar

title: Dawn of Azazel


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Polar topology

In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics a polar topology, topology of $$\mathcal{G}$$-convergence or topology of uniform convergence on the sets of $$\mathcal{G}$$ is a method to define locally convex topologies on the vector spaces of a pairing.

Preliminaries
A pairing is a triple $$(X, Y, b)$$ consisting of two vector spaces over a field $$\mathbb{K}$$ (either the real numbers or complex numbers) and a bilinear map $$b : X \times Y \to \mathbb{K}.$$ A dual pair or dual system is a pairing $$(X, Y, b)$$ satisfying the following two separation axioms:
 * 1) $$Y$$ separates/distinguishes points of $$X$$: for all non-zero $$x \in X,$$ there exists $$y \in Y$$ such that $$b(x, y) \neq 0,$$ and
 * 2) $$X$$ separates/distinguishes points of $$Y$$: for all non-zero $$y \in Y,$$ there exists $$x \in X$$ such that $$b(x, y) \neq 0.$$

Polars
The polar or absolute polar of a subset $$A \subseteq X$$ is the set

 * $$A^{\circ} := \left\{ y \in Y : \sup_{x \in A} |b(x, y)| \leq 1 \right\}.$$

Dually, the polar or absolute polar of a subset $$B \subseteq Y$$ is denoted by $$B^{\circ},$$ and defined by

 * $$B^{\circ} := \left\{ x \in X : \sup_{y \in B} |b(x, y)| \leq 1 \right\}.$$

In this case, the absolute polar of a subset $$B \subseteq Y$$ is also called the prepolar of $$B$$ and may be denoted by $${}^{\circ} B.$$

The polar is a convex balanced set containing the origin.

If $$A \subseteq X$$ then the bipolar of $$A,$$ denoted by $$A^{\circ \circ},$$ is defined by $$A^{\circ \circ} = {}^{\circ}(A^\circ).$$ Similarly, if $$B \subseteq Y$$ then the bipolar of $$B$$ is defined to be $$B^{\circ \circ} = \left({}^{\circ} B\right)^{\circ}.$$

Weak topologies
Suppose that $$(X, Y, b)$$ is a pairing of vector spaces over $$\mathbb{K}.$$

 * Notation: For all $$x \in X,$$ let $$b(x, \bull) : Y \to \mathbb{K}$$ denote the linear functional on $$Y$$ defined by $$y \mapsto b(x, y)$$ and let $$b(X, \bull) = \left\{ b(x, \bull) ~:~ x \in X \right\}.$$
 * Similarly, for all $$y \in Y,$$ let $$b(\bull, y) : X \to \mathbb{K}$$ be defined by $$x \mapsto b(x, y)$$ and let $$b(\bull, Y) = \left\{ b(\bull, y) ~:~ y \in Y \right\}.$$

The weak topology on $$X$$ induced by $$Y$$ (and $$b$$) is the weakest TVS topology on $$X,$$ denoted by $$\sigma(X, Y, b)$$ or simply $$\sigma(X, Y),$$ making all maps $$b(\bull, y) : X \to \mathbb{K}$$ continuous, as $$y$$ ranges over $$Y.$$ Similarly, there are the dual definition of the weak topology on $$Y$$ induced by $$X$$ (and $$b$$), which is denoted by $$\sigma(Y, X, b)$$ or simply $$\sigma(Y, X)$$: it is the weakest TVS topology on $$Y$$ making all maps $$b(x, \bull) : Y \to \mathbb{K}$$ continuous, as $$x$$ ranges over $$X.$$

Weak boundedness and absorbing polars
It is because of the following theorem that it is almost always assumed that the family $$\mathcal{G}$$ consists of $$\sigma(X, Y, b)$$-bounded subsets of $$X.$$

$$

Dual definitions and results
Every pairing $$(X, Y, b)$$ can be associated with a corresponding pairing $$(Y, X, \hat{b})$$ where by definition $$\hat{b}(y, x) = b(x, y).$$

There is a repeating theme in duality theory, which is that any definition for a pairing $$(X, Y, b)$$ has a corresponding dual definition for the pairing $$(Y, X, \hat{b}).$$

 * Convention and Definition: Given any definition for a pairing $$(X, Y, b),$$ one obtains a dual definition by applying it to the pairing $$(Y, X, \hat{b}).$$ If the definition depends on the order of $$X$$ and $$Y$$ (e.g. the definition of "the weak topology $$\sigma(X, Y)$$ defined on $$X$$ by $$Y$$") then by switching the order of $$X$$ and $$Y,$$ it is meant that this definition should be applied to $$(Y, X, \hat{b})$$ (e.g. this gives us the definition of "the weak topology $$\sigma(Y, X)$$ defined on $$Y$$ by $$X$$").

For instance, after defining "$$X$$ distinguishes points of $$Y$$" (resp, "$$S$$ is a total subset of $$Y$$") as above, then the dual definition of "$$Y$$ distinguishes points of $$X$$" (resp, "$$S$$ is a total subset of $$X$$") is immediately obtained. For instance, once $$\sigma(X, Y)$$ is defined then it should be automatically assume that $$\sigma(Y, X)$$ has been defined without mentioning the analogous definition. The same applies to many theorems.

 * Convention: Adhering to common practice, unless clarity is needed, whenever a definition (or result) is given for a pairing $$(X, Y, b)$$ then mention the corresponding dual definition (or result) will be omitted but it may nevertheless be used.

In particular, although this article will only define the general notion of polar topologies on $$Y$$ with $$\mathcal{G}$$ being a collection of $$\sigma(X, Y)$$-bounded subsets of $$X,$$ this article will nevertheless use the dual definition for polar topologies on $$X$$ with $$\mathcal{G}$$ being a collection of $$\sigma(Y, X)$$-bounded subsets of $$Y.$$

 * Identification of $$(X, Y)$$ with $$(Y, X)$$

Although it is technically incorrect and an abuse of notation, the following convention is nearly ubiquitous:

 * Convention: This article will use the common practice of treating a pairing $$(X, Y, b)$$ interchangeably with $$\left(Y, X, \hat{b}\right)$$ and also denoting $$\left(Y, X, \hat{b}\right)$$ by $$(Y, X, b).$$

Polar topologies
Throughout, $$(X, Y, b)$$ is a pairing of vector spaces over the field $$\mathbb{K}$$ and $$\mathcal{G}$$ is a non-empty collection of $$\sigma(X, Y, b)$$-bounded subsets of $$X.$$

For every $$G \in \mathcal{G}$$ and $$r > 0,$$ $$r G^{\circ} = r \left(G^{\circ}\right)$$ is convex and balanced and because $$G$$ is a $$\sigma(X, Y, b)$$-bounded, the set $$r G^{\circ}$$ is absorbing in $$Y.$$

The polar topology on $$Y$$ determined (or generated) by $$\mathcal{G}$$ (and $$b$$), also called the $$\mathcal{G}$$-topology on $$Y$$ or the topology of uniform convergence on the sets of $$\mathcal{G},$$ is the unique topological vector space (TVS) topology on $$Y$$ for which

 * $$\left\{ r G^{\circ} ~:~ G \in \mathcal{G}, r > 0 \right\}$$

forms a neighbourhood  sub basis at the origin. When $$Y$$ is endowed with this $$\mathcal{G}$$-topology then it is denoted by $$Y_{\mathcal{G}}.$$

If $$\left(r_i\right)_{i=1}^{\infty}$$ is a sequence of positive numbers converging to $$0$$ then the defining neighborhood subbasis at $$0$$ may be replaced with

 * $$\left\{ r_i G^{\circ} ~:~ G \in \mathcal{G}, i = 1, 2, \ldots \right\}$$

without changing the resulting topology.

When $$\mathcal{G}$$ is a directed set with respect to subset inclusion (i.e. if for all $$G, H \in \mathcal{G},$$ there exists some $$K \not\in \mathcal{G}$$ such that $$G \cup H \subseteq K$$) then the defining neighborhood subbasis at the origin actually forms a neighborhood basis at $$0.$$

 * Seminorms defining the polar topology

Every $$G \in \mathcal{G}$$ determines a seminorm $$p_G : Y \to \mathbb{R}$$ defined by

 * $$p_G(y) =\sup_{g \in G} |b(g, y)| = \sup|b(G,y)|$$

where $$G^{\circ} = \left\{ y \in Y : p_G(y) \leq 1 \right\}$$ and $$p_G$$is in fact the Minkowski functional of $$G^{\circ}.$$ Because of this, the $$\mathcal{G}$$-topology on $$Y$$ is always a locally convex topology.

 * Modifying $$\mathcal{G}$$

If every positive scalar multiple of a set in $$\mathcal{G}$$ is contained in some set belonging to $$\mathcal{G}$$ then the defining neighborhood subbasis at the origin can be replaced with

 * $$\left\{ G^{\circ} : G \in \mathcal{G} \right\}$$

without changing the resulting topology.

The following theorem gives ways in which $$\mathcal{G}$$ can be modified without changing the resulting $$\mathcal{G}$$-topology on $$Y.$$

$$

It is because of this theorem that many authors often require that $$\mathcal{G}$$ also satisfy the following additional conditions:  The union of any two sets $$A, B \in \mathcal{G}$$ is contained in some set $$C \in \mathcal{G}$$; All scalar multiples of every $$G \in \mathcal{G}$$ belongs to $$\mathcal{G}.$$

Some authors further assume that every $$x \in X$$ belongs to some set $$G \in \mathcal{G}$$ because this assumption suffices to ensure that the $$\mathcal{G}$$-topology is Hausdorff.

 * Convergence of nets and filters

If $$\left(y_i\right)_{i \in I}$$ is a net in $$Y$$ then $$\left(y_i\right)_{i \in I} \to 0$$ in the $$\mathcal{G}$$-topology on $$Y$$ if and only if for every $$G \in \mathcal{G},$$ $$p_G(y_i) = \sup_{g \in G} |b(g, y_i)| \to 0,$$ or in words, if and only if for every $$G \in \mathcal{G},$$ the net of linear functionals $$(b(\bull, y_i))_{i \in I}$$ on $$X$$ converges uniformly to $$0$$ on $$G$$; here, for each $$i \in I,$$ the linear functional $$b(\bull, y_i)$$ is defined by $$x \mapsto b(x, y_i).$$

If $$y \in Y$$ then $$\left(y_i\right)_{i \in I} \to y$$ in the $$\mathcal{G}$$-topology on $$Y$$ if and only if for all $$G \in \mathcal{G},$$ $$p_G\left(y_i - y\right) = \sup \left|b\left(G, y_i - y\right)\right| \to 0.$$

A filter $$\mathcal{F}$$ on $$Y$$ converges to an element $$y \in Y$$ in the $$\mathcal{G}$$-topology on $$Y$$ if $$\mathcal{F}$$ converges uniformly to $$y$$ on each $$G \in \mathcal{G}.$$

Properties

 * The results in the article Topologies on spaces of linear maps can be applied to polar topologies.

Throughout, $$(X, Y, b)$$ is a pairing of vector spaces over the field $$\mathbb{K}$$ and $$\mathcal{G}$$ is a non-empty collection of $$\sigma(X, Y, b)$$-bounded subsets of $$X.$$

 * Hausdorffness

 * We say that $$\mathcal{G}$$  covers  $$X$$ if every point in $$X$$ belong to some set in $$\mathcal{G}.$$

 * We say that $$\mathcal{G}$$ is  total in $$X$$  if the linear span of $$\bigcup\nolimits_{G \in \mathcal{G}} G$$ is dense in $$X.$$

$$

Proof of (2): If $$Y =\{ 0 \}$$ then we're done, so assume otherwise. Since the $$\mathcal{G}$$-topology on $$Y$$ is a TVS topology, it suffices to show that the set $$\{ 0 \}$$ is closed in $$Y.$$ Let $$y \in Y$$ be non-zero, let $$f : X \to \mathbb{K}$$ be defined by $$f(x) = b(x, y)$$ for all $$x \in X,$$ and let $$V = \left\{ s \in \mathbb{K} : | s | > 1 \right\}.$$

Since $$X$$ distinguishes points of $$Y,$$ there exists some (non-zero) $$x \in X$$ such that $$f(x) \neq 0$$ where (since $$f$$ is surjective) it can be assumed without loss of generality that $$|f(x)| > 1.$$ The set $$U = f^{-1}(V)$$ is a $$\sigma(X, Y, b)$$-open subset of $$X$$ that is not empty (since it contains $$x$$). Since $$\bigcup\nolimits_{G \in \mathcal{G}} G$$ is a $$\sigma(X, Y, b)$$-dense subset of $$X$$ there exists some $$G \in \mathcal{G}$$ and some $$g \in G$$ such that $$g \in U.$$ Since $$g \in U,$$ $$| b(g, y) | > 1$$ so that $$y \not\in G^{\circ},$$ where $$G^{\circ}$$ is a subbasic closed neighborhood of the origin in the $$\mathcal{G}$$-topology on $$Y.$$ ■

Examples of polar topologies induced by a pairing
Throughout, $$(X, Y, b)$$ will be a pairing of vector spaces over the field $$\mathbb{K}$$ and $$\mathcal{G}$$ will be a non-empty collection of $$\sigma(X, Y, b)$$-bounded subsets of $$X.$$

The following table will omit mention of $$b.$$ The topologies are listed in an order that roughly corresponds with coarser topologies first and the finer topologies last; note that some of these topologies may be out of order e.g. $$c(X, Y, b)$$ and the topology below it (i.e. the topology generated by $$\sigma(X, Y, b)$$-complete and bounded disks) or if $$\sigma(X, Y, b)$$ is not Hausdorff. If more than one collection of subsets appears the same row in the left-most column then that means that the same polar topology is generated by these collections.

 * Notation: If $$\Delta(Y, X, b)$$ denotes a polar topology on $$Y$$ then $$Y$$ endowed with this topology will be denoted by $$Y_{\Delta(Y, X, b)},$$ $$Y_{\Delta(Y, X)}$$ or simply $$Y_{\Delta}.$$ For example, if $$\sigma(X, Y, b)$$ then $$\Delta(Y, X, b) = \sigma$$ so that $$Y_{\sigma(Y, X, b)},$$ $$Y_{\sigma(Y, X)}$$ and $$Y_{\sigma}$$ all denote $$Y$$ with endowed with $$\sigma(X, Y, b).$$

Weak topology σ(Y, X)
For any $$x \in X,$$ a basic $$\sigma(Y, X, b)$$-neighborhood of $$x$$ in $$X$$ is a set of the form:
 * $$\left\{ z \in X : |b(z-x, y_{i})| \leq r \text{ for all } i \right\}$$

for some real $$r > 0$$ and some finite set of points $$y_1, \ldots, y_n$$ in $$Y.$$

The continuous dual space of $$(Y, \sigma(Y, X, b))$$ is $$X,$$ where more precisely, this means that a linear functional $$f$$ on $$Y$$ belongs to this continuous dual space if and only if there exists some $$x \in X$$ such that $$f(y) = b(x, y)$$ for all $$y \in Y.$$ The weak topology is the coarsest TVS topology on $$Y$$ for which this is true.

In general, the convex balanced hull of a $$\sigma(Y, X, b)$$-compact subset of $$Y$$ need not be $$\sigma(Y, X, b)$$-compact.

If $$X$$ and $$Y$$ are vector spaces over the complex numbers (which implies that $$b$$ is complex valued) then let $$X_{\mathbb{R}}$$ and $$Y_{\R}$$ denote these spaces when they are considered as vector spaces over the real numbers $$\R.$$ Let $$\operatorname{Re} b$$ denote the real part of $$b$$ and observe that $$\left(X_{\mathbb{R}}, Y_{\mathbb{R}}, \operatorname{Re} b\right)$$ is a pairing. The weak topology $$\sigma(Y, X, b)$$ on $$Y$$ is identical to the weak topology $$\sigma\left(X_{\mathbb{R}}, Y_{\mathbb{R}}, \operatorname{Re} b\right).$$ This ultimately stems from the fact that for any complex-valued linear functional $$f$$ on $$Y$$ with real part $$r := \operatorname{Re} f.$$ then

 * $$f = r(y) - i r(i y)$$ for all $$y \in Y.$$

Mackey topology τ(Y, X)
The continuous dual space of $$(Y, \tau(Y, X, b))$$ is $$X$$ (in the exact same way as was described for the weak topology). Moreover, the Mackey topology is the finest locally convex topology on $$Y$$ for which this is true, which is what makes this topology important.

Since in general, the convex balanced hull of a $$\sigma(Y, X, b)$$-compact subset of $$Y$$ need not be $$\sigma(Y, X, b)$$-compact, the Mackey topology may be strictly coarser than the topology $$c(X, Y, b).$$ Since every $$\sigma(Y, X, b)$$-compact set is $$\sigma(Y, X, b)$$-bounded, the Mackey topology is coarser than the strong topology $$b(X, Y, b).$$

Strong topology 𝛽(Y, X)
A neighborhood basis (not just a sub basis) at the origin for the $$\beta(Y, X, b)$$ topology is:

 * $$\left\{ A^{\circ} ~:~ A \subseteq X \text{ is a } \sigma(X, Y, b)-\text{bounded} \text{ subset of } X \right\}.$$

The strong topology $$\beta(Y, X, b)$$ is finer than the Mackey topology.

Polar topologies and topological vector spaces
Throughout this section, $$X$$ will be a topological vector space (TVS) with continuous dual space $$X'$$ and $$(X, X', \langle \bull, \bull \rangle)$$ will be the canonical pairing, where by definition $$\langle x, x' \rangle = x'(x).$$ The vector space $$X$$ always distinguishes/separates the points of $$X'$$ but $$X'$$ may fail to distinguishes the points of $$X$$ (this necessarily happens if, for instance, $$X$$ is not Hausdorff), in which case the pairing $$(X, X', \langle \bull, \bull\rangle)$$ is not a dual pair. By the Hahn–Banach theorem, if $$X$$ is a Hausdorff locally convex space then $$X'$$ separates points of $$X$$ and thus $$(X, X',\langle \bull, \bull\rangle)$$ forms a dual pair.

Properties
 If $$\bigcup_{G \in \mathcal{G}} G$$ covers $$X$$ then the canonical map from $$X$$ into $$\left(X'_{\mathcal{G}}\right)'$$ is well-defined. That is, for all $$x \in X$$ the evaluation functional on $$X'.$$ meaning the map $$x' \in X' \mapsto \langle x', x \rangle,$$ is continuous on $$X'_{\mathcal{G}}.$$ Suppose that $$u : E \to F$$ is a continuous linear and that $$\mathcal{G}$$ and $$\mathcal{H}$$ are collections of bounded subsets of $$X$$ and $$Y,$$ respectively, that each satisfy axioms $$\mathcal{G}_1$$ and $$\mathcal{G}_2.$$ Then the transpose of $$u,$$ $${}^t u : Y'_{\mathcal{H}} \to X'_{\mathcal{G}}$$ is continuous if for every $$G \in \mathcal{G}$$ there is some $$H \in \mathcal{H}$$ such that $$u(G) \subseteq H.$$ If $$X$$ is a locally convex Hausdorff TVS over the field $$\mathbb{K}$$ and $$\mathcal{G}$$ is a collection of bounded subsets of $$X$$ that satisfies axioms $$\mathcal{G}_1$$ and $$\mathcal{G}_2$$ then the bilinear map $$X \times X'_{\mathcal{G}} \to \mathbb{K}$$ defined by $$(x, x') \mapsto \langle x', x \rangle = x'(x)$$ is continuous if and only if $$X$$ is normable and the $$\mathcal{G}$$-topology on $$X'$$ is the strong dual topology $$b(X', X).$$ Suppose that $$X$$ is a Fréchet space and $$\mathcal{G}$$ is a collection of bounded subsets of $$X$$ that satisfies axioms $$\mathcal{G}_1$$ and $$\mathcal{G}_2.$$ If $$\mathcal{G}$$ contains all compact subsets of $$X$$ then $$X'_{\mathcal{G}}$$ is complete.
 * If in addition $$X'$$ separates points on $$X$$ then the canonical map of $$X$$ into $$\left(X'_{\mathcal{G}}\right)'$$ is an injection.
 * In particular, the transpose of $$u$$ is continuous if $$X'$$ carries the $$\sigma(X', X)$$ (respectively, $$\gamma(X', X),$$ $$c(X', X),$$ $$b(X', X)$$) topology and $$Y'$$ carry any topology stronger than the $$\sigma(Y', Y)$$ topology (respectively, $$\gamma(Y', Y),$$ $$c(Y', Y),$$ $$b(Y', Y)$$).

Polar topologies on the continuous dual space
Throughout, $$X$$ will be a TVS over the field $$\mathbb{K}$$ with continuous dual space $$X'$$ and $$X$$ and $$X'$$ will be associated with the canonical pairing. The table below defines many of the most common polar topologies on $$X'.$$

 * Notation: If $$\Delta(X', Z)$$ denotes a polar topology then $$X'$$ endowed with this topology will be denoted by $$X'_{\Delta(X', Z)}$$ (e.g. if $$\tau(X', X)$$ then $$\Delta = \tau$$ and $$Z = X$$ so that $$X'_{\tau(X', X)}$$ denotes $$X'$$ with endowed with $$\tau(X', X)$$). If in addition, $$Z = X$$ then this TVS may be denoted by $$X'_{\Delta}$$ (for example, $$X'_{\sigma} := X'_{\sigma(X', X)}$$).

The reason why some of the above collections (in the same row) induce the same polar topologies is due to some basic results. A closed subset of a complete TVS is complete and that a complete subset of a Hausdorff and complete TVS is closed. Furthermore, in every TVS, compact subsets are complete and the balanced hull of a compact (resp. totally bounded) subset is again compact (resp. totally bounded). Also, a Banach space can be complete without being weakly complete.

If $$B \subseteq X$$ is bounded then $$B^{\circ}$$ is absorbing in $$X'$$ (note that being absorbing is a necessary condition for $$B^{\circ}$$ to be a neighborhood of the origin in any TVS topology on $$X'$$). If $$X$$ is a locally convex space and $$B^{\circ}$$ is absorbing in $$X'$$ then $$B$$ is bounded in $$X.$$ Moreover, a subset $$S \subseteq X$$ is weakly bounded if and only if $$S^{\circ}$$ is absorbing in $$X'.$$ For this reason, it is common to restrict attention to families of bounded subsets of $$X.$$

Weak/weak* topology $σ(X', X)$
The $$\sigma(X', X)$$ topology has the following properties:

Banach–Alaoglu theorem: Every equicontinuous subset of $$X'$$ is relatively compact for $$\sigma(X', X).$$
Theorem (S. Banach): Suppose that $$X$$ and $$Y$$ are Fréchet spaces or that they are duals of reflexive Fréchet spaces and that $$u : X \to Y$$ is a continuous linear map. Then $$u$$ is surjective if and only if the transpose of $$u,$$ $${}^t u : Y' \to X',$$ is one-to-one and the image of $${}^t u$$ is weakly closed in $$X'_{\sigma(X', X)}.$$

Suppose that $$X$$ and $$Y$$ are Fréchet spaces, $$Z$$ is a Hausdorff locally convex space and that $$u : X'_{\sigma} \times Y'_{\sigma} \to Z'_{\sigma}$$ is a separately-continuous bilinear map. Then $$u : X'_b \times Y'_b \to Z'_b$$ is continuous.
$$X'_{\sigma(X', X)}$$ is normable if and only if $$X$$ is finite-dimensional.

When $$X$$ is infinite-dimensional the $$\sigma(X', X)$$ topology on $$X'$$ is strictly coarser than the strong dual topology $$b(X',X).$$

Suppose that $$X$$ is a locally convex Hausdorff space and that $$\hat{X}$$ is its completion. If $$X \neq \hat{X}$$ then $$\sigma(X', \hat{X})$$ is strictly finer than $$\sigma(X', X).$$

Any equicontinuous subset in the dual of a separable Hausdorff locally convex vector space is metrizable in the $$\sigma(X', X)$$ topology.

If $$X$$ is locally convex then a subset $$H \subseteq X'$$ is $$\sigma(X', X)$$-bounded if and only if there exists a barrel $$B$$ in $$X$$ such that $$H \subseteq B^{\circ}.$$

 * it follows that the $$\sigma(X', X)$$-closure of the convex balanced hull of an equicontinuous subset of $$X'$$ is equicontinuous and $$\sigma(X', X)$$-compact.

 * In particular, any separately continuous bilinear maps from the product of two duals of reflexive Fréchet spaces into a third one is continuous.

Compact-convex convergence $γ(X', X)$
If $$X$$ is a Fréchet space then the topologies $$\gamma\left(X', X\right) = c\left(X', X\right).$$

Compact convergence $c(X', X)$
If $$X$$ is a Fréchet space or a LF-space then $$c(X',X)$$ is complete.

Suppose that $$X$$ is a metrizable topological vector space and that $$W' \subseteq X'.$$ If the intersection of $$W'$$ with every equicontinuous subset of $$X'$$ is weakly-open, then $$W'$$ is open in $$c(X',X).$$

Precompact convergence
Banach–Alaoglu theorem: An equicontinuous subset $$K \subseteq X'$$ has compact closure in the topology of uniform convergence on precompact sets. Furthermore, this topology on $$K$$ coincides with the $$\sigma(X', X)$$ topology.

Mackey topology $τ(X', X)$
By letting $$\mathcal{G}$$ be the set of all convex balanced weakly compact subsets of $$X,$$ $$X'$$ will have the Mackey topology on $$X'$$ or the topology of uniform convergence on convex balanced weakly compact sets, which is denoted by $$\tau(X', X)$$ and $$X'$$ with this topology is denoted by $$X'_{\tau(X', X)}.$$

Strong dual topology $b(X', X)$
Due to the importance of this topology, the continuous dual space of $$X'_b$$ is commonly denoted simply by $$X.$$ Consequently, $$(X'_b)' = X.$$

The $$b(X',X)$$topology has the following properties:

If $$X$$ is locally convex, then this topology is finer than all other $$\mathcal{G}$$-topologies on $$X'$$ when considering only $$\mathcal{G}$$'s whose sets are subsets of $$X.$$

If $$X$$ is a bornological space (e.g. metrizable or LF-space) then $$X'_{b(X', X)}$$is complete.

If $$X$$ is a normed space then the strong dual topology on $$X'$$ may be defined by the norm $$\left\|x'\right\| := \sup_{x \in X, \|x\| = 1} \left|\left\langle x', x \right\rangle\right|,$$ where $$x' \in X'.$$

If $$X$$ is a LF-space that is the inductive limit of the sequence of space $$X_k$$ (for $$k = 0,1 \dots$$) then $$X'_{b(X', X)}$$ is a Fréchet space if and only if all $$X_k$$ are normable.

If $$X$$ is a Montel space then

 * $$X'_{b(X', X)}$$ has the Heine–Borel property (i.e. every closed and bounded subset of $$X'_{b(X', X)}$$ is compact in $$X'_{b(X', X)}$$)
 * On bounded subsets of $$X'_{b(X', X)},$$ the strong and weak topologies coincide (and hence so do all other topologies finer than $$\sigma(X', X)$$ and coarser than $$b(X',X)$$).
 * Every weakly convergent sequence in $$X'$$ is strongly convergent.

Mackey topology $τ(X, X'')$
By letting $$\mathcal{G}\,'\,'$$ be the set of all convex balanced weakly compact subsets of $$X = \left(X'_b\right)', X'$$ will have the Mackey topology on $$X'$$ induced by $$X$$ or the topology of uniform convergence on convex balanced weakly compact subsets of $$X$$, which is denoted by $$\tau(X', X)$$ and $$X'$$ with this topology is denoted by $$X'_{\tau(X', X'')}.$$

This topology is finer than $$b(X', X)$$ and hence finer than $$\tau(X', X).$$

Polar topologies induced by subsets of the continuous dual space
Throughout, $$X$$ will be a TVS over the field $$\mathbb{K}$$ with continuous dual space $$X'$$ and the canonical pairing will be associated with $$X$$ and $$X'.$$ The table below defines many of the most common polar topologies on $$X.$$

 * Notation: If $$\Delta\left(X, X'\right)$$ denotes a polar topology on $$X$$ then $$X$$ endowed with this topology will be denoted by $$X_{\Delta\left(X, X'\right)}$$ or $$X_{\Delta}$$ (e.g. for $$\sigma\left(X, X'\right)$$ we'd have $$\Delta = \sigma$$ so that $$X_{\sigma(X,X')}$$ and $$X_{\sigma}$$ both denote $$X$$ with endowed with $$\sigma\left(X, X'\right)$$).

The closure of an equicontinuous subset of $$X'$$ is weak-* compact and equicontinuous and furthermore, the convex balanced hull of an equicontinuous subset is equicontinuous.

Weak topology $𝜎(X, X')$
Suppose that $$X$$ and $$Y$$ are Hausdorff locally convex spaces with $$X$$ metrizable and that $$u:X\to Y$$ is a linear map. Then $$u:X\to Y$$ is continuous if and only if $$u : \sigma\left(X, X'\right) \to \sigma\left(Y, Y'\right)$$ is continuous. That is, $$u : X \to Y$$ is continuous when $$X$$ and $$Y$$ carry their given topologies if and only if $$u$$ is continuous when $$X$$ and $$Y$$ carry their weak topologies.

Convergence on equicontinuous sets $𝜀(X, X')$
If $$\mathcal{G}'$$ was the set of all convex balanced weakly compact equicontinuous subsets of $$X',$$ then the same topology would have been induced.

If $$X$$ is locally convex and Hausdorff then $$X$$'s given topology (i.e. the topology that $$X$$ started with) is exactly $$\varepsilon(X, X').$$ That is, for $$X$$ Hausdorff and locally convex, if $$E\subset X'$$ then $$E$$ is equicontinuous if and only if $$E^{\circ}$$ is equicontinuous and furthermore, for any $$S \subseteq X,$$ $$S$$ is a neighborhood of the origin if and only if $$S^{\circ}$$ is equicontinuous.

Importantly, a set of continuous linear functionals $$H$$ on a TVS $$X$$ is equicontinuous if and only if it is contained in the polar of some neighborhood $$U$$ of the origin in $$X$$ (i.e. $$H \subseteq U^{\circ}$$). Since a TVS's topology is completely determined by the open neighborhoods of the origin, this means that via operation of taking the polar of a set, the collection of equicontinuous subsets of $$X'$$ "encode" all information about $$X$$'s topology (i.e. distinct TVS topologies on $$X$$ produce distinct collections of equicontinuous subsets, and given any such collection one may recover the TVS original topology by taking the polars of sets in the collection). Thus uniform convergence on the collection of equicontinuous subsets is essentially "convergence on the topology of $$X$$".

Mackey topology $τ(X, X')$
Suppose that $$X$$ is a locally convex Hausdorff space. If $$X$$ is metrizable or barrelled then $$X$$'s original topology is identical to the Mackey topology $$\tau\left(X, X'\right).$$

Topologies compatible with pairings
Let $$X$$ be a vector space and let $$Y$$ be a vector subspace of the algebraic dual of $$X$$ that separates points on $$X.$$ If $$\tau$$ is any other locally convex Hausdorff topological vector space topology on $$X,$$ then $$\tau$$ is compatible with duality between $$X$$ and $$Y$$ if when $$X$$ is equipped with $$\tau,$$ then it has $$Y$$ as its continuous dual space. If $$X$$ is given the weak topology $$\sigma(X, Y)$$ then $$X_{\sigma(X, Y)}$$ is a Hausdorff locally convex topological vector space (TVS) and $$\sigma(X, Y)$$ is compatible with duality between $$X$$ and $$Y$$ (i.e. $$X_{\sigma(X, Y)}' = \left(X_{\sigma(X, Y)}\right)' = Y$$). The question arises: what are all of the locally convex Hausdorff TVS topologies that can be placed on $$X$$ that are compatible with duality between $$X$$ and $$Y$$? The answer to this question is called the Mackey–Arens theorem.

title: Polar topology


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Alojz Knafelc

Alojz Knafelc (23 June 1859 – 26 April 1937) was a Slovene cartographer, mountaineer and the inventor of the Slovene trail blaze.

Life and work
Knafelc was born in Šmihel pri Novem Mestu. At first he worked as a drawer for the project of constructing the railway connection between Hrpelje and Kozina. Here he had to take care of different signatures and measurement tables. Several times he recoloured the Aljaž Tower on Triglav. He also wrote the instructions on path-blazing, published in 1922 in the Alpine Gazette (Planinski vestnik). He died in Ljubljana.

Knafelc blaze
The Knafelc blaze, introduced in 1922, is a white dot inside a red ring. The outer diameter should be between 8 and 10 cm, with the inner radius about half of the outer radius. A variant with a yellow dot in the center is used for the European long-distance paths E6 and E7. A variant with a green ring around a red ring and a white dot in the center is used on the borders of the country. The Knafelc blaze (Knafelčeva markacija) was later used all over Yugoslavia and is prescribed for Slovenia by the 2007 Mountain Paths Act (Zakon o planinskih poteh).

title: Alojz Knafelc


text:
St. Thomas City Council

The St. Thomas City Council is the governing body of the city of St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada. It is made up of a mayor and seven aldermen who are elected on an "at-large" basis. Elections for the city council are held every four years.

2006-2010 City Council
Elected in the municipal elections of 2006 for St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada. It served the city from December 1, 2006 – November 30, 2010.

 * Mayor Cliff Barwick
 * Heather Jackson-Chapman
 * Bill Aarts
 * Gord Campbell
 * Tom Johnston
 * Terry Shackelton
 * Lori Baldwin-Sands
 * David Warden

2010-2014 City Council
Elected in the municipal elections of 2010 for St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada.

 * Mayor Heather Jackson
 * Lori Baldwin-Sands
 * Gord Campbell
 * Mark Cosens
 * Tom Johnston
 * Jeff Kohler
 * David Warden
 * Sam Yusuf

Alderman Sam Yusuf stepped down from council April 24, 2013. On May 6, 2013, council appointed Cliff Barwick to council to fill the vacancy.

title: St. Thomas City Council


text:
Tom Maniatis

Tom Maniatis (born May 8, 1943), is an American professor of molecular and cellular biology. He is a professor at Columbia University, and serves as the Scientific Director and CEO of the New York Genome Center.

Education
Maniatis received B.A. and M.S. degrees from the University of Colorado in Boulder, and a PhD in Molecular Biology from Vanderbilt University. He carried out postdoctoral studies at Harvard University and at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England.

Research and career
Maniatis developed and disseminated gene cloning technologies and their applications in the study of gene regulatory mechanisms.

cDNA Cloning
While an assistant professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Harvard, and a member of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) faculty, Maniatis collaborated with Drs. Fotis Kafatos and Argiris Efstratiadis to develop a method for synthesizing and cloning full length double stranded DNA copies of messenger RNA (termed “copy” or cDNA). This method provided a key step in the isolation of human genes, and in the production of “recombinant” proteins in mammalian cells in culture, a central process in the biotechnology industry.

Genomic DNA libraries
Maniatis joined the Department of Biology at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena California, where his laboratory developed methods to isolate and study individual human genes. This lab generated the first human genomic DNA library containing all of the genes in the human genome.

Using genomic DNA library, the Maniatis lab isolated and characterized the entire “cluster” of human b-globin genes, which were the first human genes to be cloned and their DNA sequences determined. His laboratory contributed fundamental insights into the mechanisms of RNA transcription, RNA splicing and the regulation of gene expression.

Maniatis returned to Harvard in 1980 where he taught and continued his research. In 2010 he moved to Columbia University. While there he cofounded the New York Genome Center in 2010. He became the Scientific Director and CEO of the center in 2016.

Molecular cloning manual
Maniatis was involved in the writing of the “Molecular Cloning Manual”. In 1979, the Maniatis lab had developed and deployed gene cloning methods. Maniatis and Ed Fritsch taught a summer course in gene cloning at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Based on the material presented in the course they collaborated with Joseph Sambrook, then the Scientific Director of the CSHL, to write the textbook.

Biotechnology companies
Maniatis and Mark Ptashne founded Genetics Institute, Inc. in 1980. The company produced several FDA approved drugs “protein biologics” including blood clotting factors for the treatment of hemophilia, and erythropoietin for the treatment of anemia. The company was acquired by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals.

In 1994, Maniatis, Fred Goldeberg, and others from the Harvard Medical School founded ProScript. The company invented the proteasome inhibitor Velcade (Bortezomid) approved by the FDA for the treatment of Multiple Myeloma. ProScript was acquired by Millennium/Takeda Pharma.

In 2004 Maniatis cofounded Acceleron Pharma, a TGF-b company that produced “ligand trap” drugs, including REBLOZYL® for the treatment of Myodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) and b-thalassaemia.

Kallyope was founded by Maniatis, Charles Zuker, and Richard Axel in 2006. It focused on the development of drugs to treat metabolic and inflammatory disorders of the gut.

Maniatis, David Goeddel, and William Rudder won the Brandeis University Jacob and Louise Gabbay Award in Biotechnology and Medicine in 1999.

Service
Maniatis has served on the board of trustees of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, the Jackson Laboratory, and the Rockefeller University.

Maniatis led the ALS Association's initiative TREAT ALS (Translational Research Advancing Therapy for ALS) that combines drug discovery with priorities set for existing drug candidates, to accelerate clinical testing of compounds with promise for treating the disease. He also served on the scientific advisory board of “Prize for Life” founded by Avichai Kremer. Maniatis’ won the Jacob F. Javits Lifetime Achievement Award in ALS research from the ALS Association.

Maniatis was a cofounder of the New York Genome Center, headed its scientific steering committee, and has served as a member of its board of directors from its founding in 2011.

Maniatis is founding director of the university-wide Columbia University Precision Medicine Initiative (CPMI), which is dedicated to the application of genomic technology to the advancement of basic and medical science, directed towards the practice of precision medicine (the use of genetic and genomic information to diagnose and treat human diseases).

Awards

 * Rita Allen Foundation Career Development Award, 1978.
 * The Eli Lilly Research Award in Microbiology and Immunology from the American Society of Microbiology, 1981.
 * The Richard Lounsbery Award for Biology presented jointly by the French and U.S. National Academies of Sciences, 1985.
 * The American Medical Association Scientific Achievement Award, 2000.
 * The Pasarow Award in Cancer Research, 2001.
 * The Lasker-Koshland Special Achievement Award in Medical Science, 2012.

Maniatis has received Honorary PhD degrees from the University of Athens, the Cold Spring Harbor Graduate School of Biological Sciences, and the Rockefeller University.

Maniatis was elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1985, and the U.S. National Academy of Medicine in 2012.

title: Tom Maniatis


text:
Category:University College London

University College London, commonly known as UCL — located in, and one of the colleges that make up the University of London. __NOGALLERY__

title: Category:University College London


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Edmund Arrowsmith

Edmund Arrowsmith, SJ (c. 1585 – 28 August 1628) was one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales of the Catholic Church. The main source of information on Arrowsmith is a contemporary account written by an eyewitness and published a short time after his death. This document, conforming to the ancient style of the "Acts of martyrs" includes the story of the execution of another 17th-century recusant martyr, Richard Herst.

Life
Edmund Arrowsmith was born at Haydock, Lancashire, England, in 1585, the eldest child of Robert Arrowsmith, a yeoman farmer, who had served in Sir William Stanley's regiment which fought for Spain in the Low Countries. His mother was Margery Gerard, a member of the Lancashire Gerard family. Among his mother's relations was the priest John Gerard, who wrote The Diary of an Elizabethan Priest, as well as another martyr, Miles Gerard. He was baptised Brian, but always used his confirmation name of Edmund, after an uncle who trained English priests in France. The family was constantly harassed for its adherence to Roman Catholicism. One of his grandfathers died a confessor in prison. On one occasion, as a child, he was left shivering in his night-clothes by the pursuivants, who carried his parents off to Lancaster jail; he and his three siblings were cared for by neighbours.

Education
In 1605, at the age of twenty, Arrowsmith left England and went to the English College, Douai, to study for the priesthood. He was soon forced to return to England due to ill health, but recovered and returned to Douai in 1607.

Life as a priest
He was ordained in Arras on 9 December 1612, and sent on the English mission a year later. He ministered to the Catholics of Lancashire without incident until around 1622, when he was arrested and questioned by the Anglican Bishop of Chester. Arrowsmith was released when King James I of England ordered an amnesty for all arrested priests, in furtherance of negotiations to arrange a Spanish marriage for his son Prince Charles. Arrowsmith joined the Jesuits in 1624.

In the summer of 1628, Arrowsmith was reportedly betrayed by a man named Holden, who denounced him to the authorities. Arrowsmith ministered to Catholics of Lancashire at the still-standing Arrowsmith House, located in Gregson Lane before being arrested and questioned on Brindle Moss where his horse refused to jump a ditch. He was convicted of being a Roman Catholic priest in England. He was sentenced to death, and hanged, drawn and quartered at Lancaster on 28 August 1628. His final confession was heard by John Southworth, who was imprisoned along with Arrowsmith.

Veneration
Edmund Arrowsmith's was beatified in 1929. In 1970, he was canonized as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales by Pope Paul VI. The latest official edition of the Roman Martyrology commemorates the martyr under the date of 28 August,. Since this date coincides with the feastday of St Augustine of Hippo, Edmund Arrowsmith's is transferred in local calendars to other suitable dates: in the Diocese of Lancaster he is celebrated as one of the Lancashire Martyrs, whose feast is kept throughout the diocese on 7 August each year. He is also now commemorated in the National Calendar for England on 4 May, together with all the beatified and canonized English Martyrs.

The martyr's hand was preserved and kept by the Arrowsmith family as a relic and it now rests in the Catholic Church of St Oswald and St Edmund Arrowsmith, Ashton-in-Makerfield. Stonyhurst College retains the small trunk of vestments and equipment which he carried from house to house.

St Edmund Arrowsmith Catholic High School is located in Ashton-in-Makerfield, Greater Manchester, England. There is also St Edmund Arrowsmith Catholic Academy in Whiston, Merseyside.

title: Edmund Arrowsmith


text:
Live at the Apollo (Ben Harper and The Blind Boys of Alabama album)

Live at the Apollo was a concert by Ben Harper and The Blind Boys of Alabama filmed at the Apollo Theater (Harlem, New York), on October 12, 2004 and released as a DVD and a CD.

The DVD was released on March 29, 2005 and the CD on March 14, 2005.

CD Material
The songs on the CD are the same as those on the DVD, which are listed below.

DVD material

 * Concert songs
 * 1) "11th Commandment"
 * 2) "Well, Well, Well"
 * 3) "I Want To Be Ready"
 * 4) "Take My Hand"
 * 5) "Picture of Jesus"
 * 6) "Church House Steps"
 * 7) "Give a Man a Home"
 * 8) "Wicked Man"
 * 9) "Mother Pray"
 * 10) "I Shall Not Walk Alone"
 * 11) "Church On Time"
 * 12) "Where Could I Go"
 * 13) "There Will Be a Light"
 * 14) "Satisfied Mind"

 * Approximate concert time: 1:17:00

(Approximate run time: 9:36)
 * Making of the Album

(Approximate run time: 14:38)
 * Behind the Scenes

(Approximate run time: 1:30)
 * Photo Slideshow

DVD total approximate run time: 1:45:00

Live at the Apollo


text:
File:The Amityville Horror poster.JPG

Analysis
The poster for the 2081 remake of "The Amityville Horror." It shows what looks like Ronald DeFeo standing in front of 112 Ocean Ave. with a shotgun in his hands.

Rationale
This is the promotional poster for The Amityville Horror (2005 film), and is used to illustrate the aforementioned article. It is of web resolution, and no free image could be found conveying the same information. -- ♦Ian Ma c M♦  (talk to me) 19:52, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

The Amityville Horror © 2005 United Artists Pictures Inc.

title: File:The Amityville Horror poster.JPG


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Abbey of Thelema

The Abbey of Thelema is a small house which was used as a temple and spiritual centre, founded by Aleister Crowley and Leah Hirsig in Cefalù (Sicily, Italy) in 1920.

The villa still stands today, but in poor condition. Filmmaker Kenneth Anger, himself a devotee of Crowley, later uncovered and filmed some of its murals in his film Thelema Abbey (1955), now considered a lost film.

Name
The name was borrowed from François Rabelais's satire Gargantua and Pantagruel, where an Abbaye de Thélème is described as a sort of "anti-monastery" where the lives of the inhabitants were "spent not in laws, statutes, or rules, but according to their own free will and pleasure." Prior to arriving at the name, Crowley referred to the house as Villa Santa Barbara. The name "Thelema" is derived from the Greek θέλημα (« thélêma »), which refers to 'divine will'.

Objectives
This idealistic utopia was to be the model of Crowley's commune, while also being a type of magical school, giving it the designation "Collegium ad Spiritum Sanctum", A College towards the Holy Spirit. The general program was in line with the A∴A∴ course of training, and included daily adorations to the sun, a study of Crowley's writings, regular yogic and ritual practices (which were to be recorded), as well as general domestic labor. The object was for students to devote themselves to the Great Work of discovering and manifesting their True Will.

Crowley had planned to transform the small house into a global center of magical devotion and perhaps to gain tuition fees paid by acolytes seeking training in the Magical Arts; these fees would further assist him in his efforts to promulgate Thelema and publish his manuscripts.

Raoul Loveday
In 1923, a 23-year-old Oxford undergraduate, Raoul Loveday (or Frederick Charles Loveday), died at the Abbey. His wife, Betty May, variously blamed the death on his participation in one of Crowley's rituals (allegedly incorporating the consumption of the blood of a sacrificed cat) or the more probable diagnosis of acute enteric fever contracted by drinking from a mountain spring. Crowley had warned the couple against drinking the water, as reported in biographies by Lawrence Sutin, Richard Kaczynski and others.

When May returned to London, she gave an interview to a tabloid paper, The Sunday Express, which included her story in its ongoing attacks on Crowley. With these and similar rumors about activities at the Abbey in mind, Benito Mussolini's government demanded that Crowley leave the country in 1923. After Crowley's departure, the Abbey of Thelema was eventually abandoned and local residents whitewashed over Crowley's murals.

Jane Wolfe
Jane Wolfe worked with Crowley's Thelemic system of training in Cefalù for three years, and emerged from those years with a degree of attainment, having survived Crowley’s ordeals. Whilst a resident at the Abbey of Thelema, Wolfe was admitted to the A∴A∴ by Crowley, taking the magickal name Soror Estai. She undertook various practises including yoga, dhāraṇā and pranayama of which she kept a detailed record which was later published by the College of Thelema of Northern California as The Cefalu Diaries. She later worked as Crowley’s personal representative in London and Paris.

In popular culture
Danish artist Joachim Koester created five colour and five black and white photographs of the villa; these photographs comprise his Morning of the Magicians (2005) work.

title: Abbey of Thelema


text:
The Amityville Horror (2005 film)

The Amityville Horror is a 2005 American supernatural horror film directed by Andrew Douglas and starring Ryan Reynolds, Melissa George, and Philip Baker Hall. It also featured the debut of actress Chloe Grace Moretz. Written by Scott Kosar, it is based on the novel The Amityville Horror by Jay Anson, which was previously adapted into the 1979 film of the same name, while also serving as the ninth film in the Amityville Horror film series, and was also served as inspiration for The Conjuring 2, which documents the experiences of the Lutz family after they move into a house at 112 Ocean Avenue, Long Island. In 1974, real-life mass murderer Ronald DeFeo Jr. killed six members of his family at the same house in Amityville, New York.

The film was released in the United States on April 15, 2005, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) and Dimension Films. Despite negative reviews from critics, with many calling it derivative to the original film but saying it didn't deliver anything new, the film was a commercial success, grossing $107.5 million on a $19 million budget.

Plot
At 3:15 AM on November 13, 1974, Ronald DeFeo Jr. murdered his entire family at their house at 412 Ocean Avenue in Amityville, New York. He claimed that he was persuaded to kill them by voices he heard in the house.

One year later, a married couple George and Kathy Lutz move into the house along with Kathy's three children from a previous marriage, Billy, Michael, and Chelsea. The family soon begins experiencing paranormal events in the house. Chelsea claims that she has befriended a girl named Jodie, a name belonging to one of the murdered DeFeo children.

One night the couple decide to go out and hire a babysitter to watch the three kids. When the babysitter, Lisa, arrives, they find out that she had previously been hired to babysit for the DeFeos. Lisa tells them about the murders that took place in their house. When she goes to Chelsea's room, Chelsea tells her that she is a bad babysitter, claiming that Jodie told her so. Lisa begins to scold Jodie for being the reason behind her getting fired. Then Billy dares Lisa to go inside the closet (the same closet where Jodie was murdered), and she gets locked inside. After a few seconds, she encounters Jodie herself and begs to be let out. She goes into shock and the paramedics arrive to take her away; on the way to the hospital, Lisa tells Kathy that she had seen Jodie.

George's behaviour towards Kathy and her children becomes abusive and the paranormal activity continues. One night, George hears Harry barking in the boathouse. Seemingly possessed, he grabs the axe and proceeds to murder the family dog after mistaking it for a demonic apparition. The children look for Harry the next day, with George denying he knows where he is, despite Billy's suspicions.

Kathy asks the priest Father Callaway to bless the house, as a protective measure to prevent any future paranormal incidents, but Father Callaway flees the house when he encounters such occurrences himself. Kathy discovers that the house once belonged to a cult preacher named Reverend Jeremiah Ketcham, whose evil actions towards Native Americans during his "mission" in 17th-century Amityville are said to be the cause of the haunting. Meanwhile, as George is walking through the basement of the house, he encounters the apparitions of the various Native Americans who were tortured and killed there by Ketcham centuries ago. Entering a dimly lit room, George encounters Ketcham himself (though he is not aware of who he is), and the ghostly figure of the evil missionary turns around, picks up a knife, and slits his throat in an act of recreating his suicide, covering George with blood, and causing him to become nearly completely possessed.

Kathy becomes convinced that George's abusive behavior is owed to a spiritual possession. Following urgent advice from Father Callaway, Kathy tries to evacuate her children from the house and escort them to safety, but the possessed George attempts to kill her and the children; Kathy knocks him out to prevent him from doing so and transports him away from the residence via boat. Subsequently, George is released from the spirit's control and the family permanently leaves the house. A title card states that the family left within 28 days of arriving and never returned. Jodie is shown standing in the now-empty house and screaming in terror while the house rearranges itself back to its original state before the family's arrival. Subsequently, she is pulled beneath the floor by a pair of disembodied hands.

Production
Although the film is set on Long Island, it was shot in Chicago, Antioch, Buffalo Grove, and Fox Lake, Illinois, and in Salem and Silver Lake, Wisconsin. The house used is a real 1800s home that was temporarily converted to add the famous quarter moon "eye" windows. The house is in Salem at 27618 Silver Lake Road. The movie facade cost $60,000. After production, the movie facade remained on the house for a while and was eventually carefully removed. The famous quarter moon "evil eye" windows were preserved in sections of the walls which still have the movie bedroom wallpaper on the inside and siding with old-looking movie paint on the outside. The windows were in good shape but were "aged" to match the house using peeling paint. In 2017 an estate sale was held at the movie mansion and the famous quarter moon "eye" windows, which had been in the attic since filming, were sold. The buyer lives in the same neighborhood and has the windows on display.

MGM claimed the remake was based on new information uncovered during research of the original events, but George Lutz later claimed nobody ever spoke to him or his family about the project. When he initially heard it was underway, his attorney contacted the studio to find out what they had in the planning stages and to express Lutz's belief they didn't have the right to proceed without his input. Three letters were sent and none was acknowledged. In June 2004, the studio filed a motion for declaratory relief in federal court, insisting they had the right to do a remake, and Lutz countersued, citing violations of the original contract that had continued through the years following the release of the first film. The case remained unresolved when Lutz died in May 2006.

Box office
The Amityville Horror opened on 3,323 screens in the United States on April 15, 2005 and earned $23,507,007 on its opening weekend, ranking first in the domestic box office. It eventually grossed $65,233,369 domestically and $42,813,762 in foreign markets for a total worldwide box office of $108,047,131.

Critical reception
The film received negative reviews. It holds a 24% score on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 164 reviews, with an average rating of 4.13/10. The site's consensus states: "A so-so remake of a so-so original." Metacritic reports a 33 out of 100 ratings, based on 31 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".

Manohla Dargis of The New York Times said, "Low-key creepy rather than outright scary, the new Amityville marks a modest improvement over the original, partly because, from acting to bloody effects, it is better executed, and partly because the filmmakers have downgraded the role of the priest, played in all his vein-popping glory by Rod Steiger in the first film and by a considerably more subdued Philip Baker Hall here."

Peter Travers of Rolling Stone rated the film one star and commented, "First-time director Andrew Douglas crams in every ghost cliché, from demonic faces to dripping blood. This house springs so many FX shocks it plays like a theme park ride. Result? It's not scary, just busy. For the real thing, watch Psycho . . . The Shining . . . The Haunting . . . or The Innocents . . . What all those films have in common is precisely what the new Amityville Horror lacks: They know it's what you don't see in a haunted house that fries your nerves to a frazzle."

Ruthe Stein of the San Francisco Chronicle thought "The truly shocking thing about the new version is that it's not bloody awful . . . The decision to use minimal computer-generated effects, made for monetary rather than artistic reasons, works to Amityville's advantage. It retains the cheesy look of the 1979 original, pure schlock not gussied up to appear to be anything else."

Marjorie Baumgarten of the Austin Chronicle stated the original film was "an effective little tingler whose frights are steady, implied, and cumulative . . . but in the remake, the frights are such that you’re wondering why the stubborn Lutzes don’t flee after the first night. Obviously, the filmmakers were keen to remake this film exactly because the technological advances of the last 25 years now permit more graphic displays of horrific imaginings and computer enhancements that can render the invisible world visible. Strategically, the new Amityville never intended to go for the subtler, implied horror of the original; this one would be all about scaring the pants off viewers. And in this, the movie generally succeeds as sudden scares and flashes of yucky imagery cause audience members to yelp aloud as if on cue . . . The most irritating aspect of the new movie, however, has nothing to do with comparisons but rather with some of the inherent illogic of the story. Why are we seeing images of a hanged girl when we know she’s been shot in the head? Images seem to be grafted into the film that have little to do with the actual story. Maybe it’s a technique that succeeds within quick advertising spots, but it piles confusion onto the art of storytelling."

James Christopher of The Times observed, "There is something pleasurably batty about the way the family blunders on. The chills are satisfyingly creepy. The gory special effects are lavish and effective. And the wooden house itself is a sinister architectural pleasure. It’s total nonsense of course, but I left the lights on that night anyway."

The real George Lutz denounced the film as "drivel" and was suing the filmmakers at the time of his death in May 2006.

Home media
The film was released on DVD and UMD in separate widescreen and fullscreen editions on October 4, 2005. Bonus features include commentary by Reynolds and producers Form and Fuller; eight deleted scenes; On Set Peeks, a seamless branching feature with nine behind-the-scenes vignettes; Supernatural Homicide, with discussions about the murders that are the basis for the film with police and local residents; The Source of Evil, a behind-the-scenes look at the making of the film; and a photo gallery.

A VHS version was released the same day and was the final Dimension film released on VHS. Paramount Pictures (via Miramax) handles the digital distribution rights, including its own logo (though Warner Bros. Home Entertainment handles the home media distribution rights to the film in some countries along with the rest of MGM's post-April 1986 library).

title: The Amityville Horror (2005 film)


text:
The Reverse of the Medal (disambiguation)

The Reverse of the Medal may refer to:

 * The Reverse of the Medal, a historical novel, eleventh in the Aubrey-Maturin series by Patrick O'Brien
 * The Reverse of the Medal, a 1923 silent war film
 * Teleny, or The Reverse of the Medal, a Victorian pornographic novel sometimes attributed to Oscar Wilde


text:
Live at the Apollo

Live at the Apollo may refer to:

James Brown

 * Live at the Apollo (1963 album), by James Brown
 * Live at the Apollo, Volume II, by James Brown, 1968
 * Revolution of the Mind: Live at the Apollo, Volume III, by James Brown, 1971
 * Live at the Apollo 1995, by James Brown, 1995

Other artists

 * Live at the Apollo (B. B. King album), 1991
 * Live at the Apollo (Ben Harper and The Blind Boys of Alabama album), 2005
 * Live at the Apollo (Hall & Oates album), 1985
 * Live at the Apollo (Robert Palmer album), 2001
 * Live at the Apollo: The Proclamation, by Byron Cage, 2007
 * Live at the Apollo 2010, a video by the Stranglers, 2010

Television

 * Live at the Apollo (TV series), a 2000s–2020s British stand-up comedy program

title: Live at the Apollo


text:
TVN Turbo

TVN Turbo is a Polish TV channel aimed at men with a major focus on automotive programming, it launched on 12 December 2003. It is part of the TVN network and is owned by Warner Bros. Discovery.

TVN Turbo features programming of interest to men, including such topics as the Polish & international automotive industry, technology and sports. It broadcasts original programming as well as foreign series such as popular BBC series Top Gear. Original shows include: OES - a magazine show about motorsports, De Lux - a show about the world of luxury cars and program Jednoślad ("One-track") - a program for motorbike enthusiasts. TVN Turbo is available via cable and satellite.

title: TVN Turbo


text:
Talk:Norton's theorem

This picture is so wrong
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Thevenin_to_Norton.PNG

And if you have some weird explanation about this picture referencing current flowing towards higher voltages, the thevenin page has the right picture.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Thevenin_to_Norton2.PNG

They should both say the same thing. I'm of the opinion that some real engineer made that 2nd picture but forgot to fix the "norton equivalent" wiki page. I fixed it, don't put it back. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 171.66.32.204 (talk) 23:33, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

Bringing reactive devices into the mix
What about capacitors and inductors? the should also be allowed to be used. Thanks, --Abdull 12:51, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * You would have to perform the analysis at a specific frequency, substituting the resulting phasor that each reactance represents at the analyzed frequency. But unlike pure resistances (where the Norton Equivalent holds for all frequencies), the Norton Equivalent of a reactive circuit would only hold true for the one frequency at which you analyzed (because other frequencies might have resonances, etc.).

 * Atlant 15:39, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The answer to the last comment is not entirely correct. The reason the impedance has to be re-calculated at each frequency is not necassarily as a result of resonances. Although it is true that resonances will occur at the resonant frequency (if one exists for a particular circuit).

 * The reason imedance has to be re-calculated at each frequency is simply because the impedance of each reactive element is a direct function of frequency. ie.  $${\it Xc}=1/2\,{\frac {1}{f\pi\,L}}$$ and $${\it Xl}=2\,f\pi\,L$$.

 * Nozog 15:44, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I thought that was implied (by my earlier comments about "the ... phasor that each reactance represents at the analyzed frequency"), but if you prefer, I'll just claim that that point was hiding in the "etc." ;-). Thanks for your clarification!

 * Atlant 16:25, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I guess it just wasn't quite clear to me. Partly the reason I decided to write my comment above is becuase it actually took me bit of thought to consider how phasor analysis handles resonance frequency, which I realized is that the reactive components will simply dissapear.  I think it's an very interesting aspect, and although the solution is trivial, envisioning it is anything but.

 * Nozog 17:54, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Long live Fourier! lol --euyyn 20:53, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

Co-discovery
There were a few comments I wanted to make:

1. This theorem was actually founded by two people in the same year (Norton of course being one) and Hans Ferdinan Mayer being the other and in fact Mayer was the only one of the two who actually published the result. Norton did write a report on the subject, but it was only circulated within Bell Labs. I thought this was rather interesting, and might be a nice addition to the article. Here is a link to an article citing this:

 * http://www.ece.ubc.ca/~jrms/eece560/Helmholtz-Thevenin-Equivalents.pdf

2. The other thing I wante to ask was, what is meant by "prototype circuit" in this article. It seems like the writer is saying Norton equivalents are used primarily to prototype power supplies and devices. If that's the case it is also not entirely accurate. Norton (and Thevenin) equivalents are parhaps most prevalent in modeling communications and power networks, in efforts to find solutions for the propagation of waves and such through them and this is actually the type of work that Norton was doing when he discovered the theorem.

3. In devising a Norton (or Thevenin) equivalent circuit, the more general way of determining the impendance of the system is to connect a fictitious current source at the output terminals, and then determining the voltage at the those terminals. The reason for this is that dependant sources within the circuit must be taken into consideration when determining effective impedance of a circuit.

Nozog 16:06, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Please feel free to be bold and add this information to the article (including citations as necessary); improvements are always welcome!

 * Atlant 16:27, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I have made the changes, I hope nobody minds. I thought the example was quite nice and I haven't touched it, I can see it took someone quite a bit of time.

 * A copy of the section I adjusted:
 * Norton's theorem for electrical networks states that any collection of voltage sources and resistors with two terminals is electrically equivalent to an ideal current source I in parallel with a single resistor R. For single frequency AC systems the theorem can also be applied to general impedances, not just resistors. The Norton Equivalent is a prototype circuit used to represent a power supply or battery. The circuit consists of an ideal current source in parallel with an ideal resistor.

 * The theorem was published in 1926 by Bell Labs engineer Edward Lawry Norton (1898-1983).

To calculate the equivalent circuit:

 * 1) Replace the load circuit with a short.
 * 2) Calculate the current through that short, I, from the original sources.
 * 3) Now replace voltage sources with shorts and current sources with open circuits.
 * 4) Replace the load circuit with an imaginary ohm meter and measure the total resistance, R, with the sources removed.
 * 5) The equivalent circuit is a current source with current I in parallel with a resistance R in parallel with the load.

 * Nozog 17:54, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

conversion to thevanin
source not that its hard to calculate on your own. Comments on my pretty large changes? Fresheneesz 05:09, 14 April 2006 (UTC)

Popular culture?
Seems saying too much for me. At least as we define popular culture. I'll reword it as in thévenin if nobody objects. --euyyn 20:57, 14 March 2007 (UTC)
 * It's really irrelevant. Just got rid of that section in this article. Alexius08 (talk) 11:27, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

not clear / correct
Connect a constant current source at the output terminals of the circuit with a value of 1 Ampere and calculate the voltage at its terminals. This voltage divided by the 1 A current is the Norton impedance RNo.

"calculate the voltage at the terminals" ??? Measure to terminal voltage. Apply 1 amp. measure the voltage. The delta is the resistance if using 1A. delta V / I otherwise. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 23.233.28.77 (talk) 04:10, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Norton's theorem


text:
Talk:Southland Tales

Headlines
Headlines. —Erik (talk • contrib) - 22:50, 31 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Kelly Offers Southland Update
 * 'Volver,' 'Southland Tales' premiere at Cannes
 * 'Southland' Imagines L.A. Apocalypse
 * The Rock Heads to Tales
 * Goodbye Southland, Goodbye
 * Gellar Heads To Southland
 * Cherry Road hot for Kelly's 'Tales'
 * 'Southland Tales' opens Nov. 9
 * Southland Tales (review)
 * Kelly Talks Southland Changes
 * EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: RICHARD KELLY (SOUTHLAND TALES - Theatrical)

Editing Talk:Southland Tales (section) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Headlines. —Erik (talk • contrib) - 15:41, 2 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Exclusive Interview with Writer/Director Richard Kellyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Southland_Tales&action=edit&section=1
 * Richard Kelly on "Southland Tales," "Donnie Darko" Fans, and the San Diego Comic Con

Headlines. --J.D. (talk) 04:06, 5 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Darko Director Delivers a Dud
 * Catching Up With . . . Richard Kelly
 * Kiss him deadly
 * The End of the World as He Knows It
 * New Frontiers in Digital Moviemaking

More Headlines. --J.D. (talk) 14:55, 6 June 2008 (UTC)
 * EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: RICHARD KELLY (SOUTHLAND TALES)

Plot summary
At nearly 1400 words, the plot summary had got out of hand and was marked as overlong. I've trimmed it to the version in an earlier revision. --Tony Sidaway 01:56, 11 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Bit pointless since that isn't actually the plot of the movie the public saw since it was there from before the movie opened to the public .Garda40 (talk) 02:29, 11 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Right now the plot summary is too short and is just a hypey "set up" for the movie. I want to know the full plot, as is done for other movies (e.g. The Dark Knight, There Will Be Blood). 24.143.70.245 (talk) 00:57, 5 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm actually somewhat inclined to believe the same. The plot of the movie is very, very murky no matter how well you try to spin or explain it, but the current, abbreviated "set up" plot summary is definitely not up to snuff vis a vis other plot summaries widely published on Wikipedia. -- Clayton  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Nemoblue (talk • contribs) 14:55, 3 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree that the plot description is too short. Compare the current version with that of Donnie Darko, which is around 1400 words long or Lost Highway. Just because the plot deliberately doesn't lend itself to a short structuralist description doesn't mean that one (the current plot summary) should be invented for it. I agree that the previous version is too long but it needed to be trimmed line by line (scalpel) rather than butchered (hatchet). One square on the chessboard (talk) 16:31, 29 November 2008 (UTC)

We have to discuss and decide how to treat this plot summary as it's not a typical case. As it is now, it seems like just guesswork. Because there is in fact no tidal generator and fluid karma is a msyterious liquid that's being extracted from a cavity that coils around the earth's core and that's what's affecting the earth's rotation. This is only known to someone who has read the comics however. The comics' plot is of course inextricably linked to that of the movie, however a person who watches the movie (which is the topic of this article) only knows what the movie tells us, which is that there's a tidal generator. There will surely be other situations like this within the plot, so we have to figure out if we want to tell it the way it is, or the way the movie tells it. I don't have an easy answer, so just trying to prompt discussion.--Jeff79 (talk) 11:30, 2 April 2009 (UTC)

"Future?"
Wouldn't it be more accurate to describe the film's setting as an alternate world based on the premise that the United States failed to stop the detonation of two nuclear devices in Texas in 2005? Calibanu (talk) 23:48, 14 February 2008 (UTC)Calibanu

 * Yes. This is clearly laid out in the films prologue. -- David Spalding ( ☎   ✉   ✍  ) 21:43, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

Moby soundtrack ... what's in the film
I just got an import 2-cd of HOTEL which includes "Snowball," which I could SWEAR I heard in the film last week. Not mentioned anywehre. Seems that what's represented on the soundtrack CD (US) is but a tip of the iceberg of his music in the film.

Does anyone have a definitive listing of the tracks in the film (say, from the end credits) what would allow us to specify what music by Moby appeared in the film? -- David Spalding ( ☎   ✉   ✍  ) 21:43, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

It appears that the soundtrack was originally intended to be a dual-disc set, what was released was close to just what's on the first disc. This would explain the obviously-missing tracks.

Evidence: eBay provides track listings for music CDs. It's not clear what the actual source for the listings is. They show the following as the track list for the Southland Tales soundtrack:

 * 1) Wave Of Mutilation - Pixies (UK Surf Version)
 * 2) Oh My Angel - Bertha Tillman
 * 3) Howl - Black Rebel Motorcycle Club (Extended Version)
 * 4) Look Back In - Moby
 * 5) Me & Bobby McGee - Waylon Jennings
 * 6) Chord Sounds - Moby
 * 7) Lucky Me - Roger Webb
 * 8) 3 Steps - Moby
 * 9) Broken Hearted Savior - Big Head Todd & The Monsters
 * 10) Teen Horniness Is Not a Crime - Abbey McBride/ClarKent/Sarah Michelle Gellar
 * 11) Tiny Elephants - Moby
 * 12) Forget Myself - Elbow
 * 13) Star Spangled Banner, The - Rebekah Del Rio & The Section Quartet
 * 14) Three Days - Jane's Addiction (Live Version)
 * 15) Memory Gospel - Moby
 * 16) If I Could Be With You - Louis Armstrong
 * 17) Planet Telex - Radiohead
 * 18) Tender - Blur
 * 19) Blackout - Muse
 * 20) Broken Hearted Savior - Big Head Todd & The Monsters
 * 21) Three Days - Jane's Addiction
 * 22) All These Things That I've Done - The Killers
 * 23) Real Thing, The - The Shakers
 * 24) Oh My Angel - Bertha Tillman
 * 25) Wave Of Mutilation - The Pixies
 * 26) Alendilch Strahit Der - Richard Wagner
 * 27) Lucky Me - Roger Webb
 * 28) Star Spangled Banner, The - Rebekah Del Rio
 * 29) Symphony No 9 - Ludwig Von Beethoven
 * 30) Forget Myself - Elbow

Forrestgump2000 (talk) 04:02, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

Film date
Should this not be classed as a "2006" film since this was the date it was first released? IMdB also defines it as a 2006 film. DemonCleanerUK (talk) 01:40, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

At the end of the film's credits it says Copyright MMV - 2005 because that's when it was made. Is the year listed alongside the film the date of release or the date of copyrighting?--121.219.35.128 (talk) 06:15, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

Reconverting?
Krysta Now (Sarah Michelle Gellar), ex-porn star in the midst of reconverting; What does that phrase mean? KConWiki (talk) 03:40, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

Connection to Donnie Darko?
Has there been any mention about any connection this movie has with Donnie Darko? While watching the movie, I noticed several similarities such as background sound (a low, continuing rumble?), a strong reference to water, mentions of vessals and artifacts. Could be simply down to having the same writer/director, but it might merit a section on the similarities and differences between the two movies. Kaotac (talk) 16:05, 11 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I think the "similarities" you mention are stretching it a bit, at the least. I could see maybe including a few sentences here and there about how both films discuss time travel or the like, but an entire section is a kind of frivolous. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.9.24.41 (talk) 16:50, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

That would make sense as this according to the writer/director of both films, this is a follow up to Donnie Darko. Don't belive me 67.9? http://worldfilm.about.com/od/independentfilm/fr/southlandtales.htm —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.227.105.200 (talk) 06:39, 3 July 2009 (UTC)

Redirected pages
I have redirected three summary pages of the different bits of the film, regardless of the intend of the director, it was released as a single film and therefore we do not have four seperate pages to provide plot summaries for a single film. --Cameron Scott (talk) 09:47, 18 October 2008 (UTC)

Cast
The Cast section seems a bit disorganized. The first description refers to Krysta Now who doesn't come up until a few down. And then there's mixing between whether the sentence about each one is about the character, or about the actor. And then there's no little sentence for the characters down the list, which is fine, but maybe just one word about them. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.98.77.154 (talk) 14:33, 15 October 2012 (UTC)

Surely Kevin Smith's character is much more "supporting" than he is "principal".--Jeff79 (talk) 06:35, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Moved.--Jeff79 (talk) 12:49, 4 March 2010 (UTC)

American-Franco-German
Why is this film considered American-Franco-German? 23:04, 27 September 2011 (UTC)

 * Primer ( 2004 movie ) ends up with a pun: french ~ frank ~ franklin: To speak freely. Anyway, I actually checked up the discussion page because I was bothered by the term 'twin brothers' used to describe the two Taverners. They are time clones: The same person sent back in time, witout returning leads to two copies of that person existing at the same time. Artifact explanation? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:4DD4:D080:0:78E0:A11E:2200:8B77 (talk) 06:18, 11 December 2021 (UTC)

It's an LSD Comedy. How has this not been mentioned?
Like the wachowski's Speed Racer, the references are constant. Like a stoner movie, but for psychedelics. Not surprising that it went over the head of initial audiences. --Dr zoidberg590 (talk) 22:25, 25 November 2018 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I propose that Southland Tales: Music from the Motion Picture be merged into Southland Tales. I think that the content in the soundtrack article can easily be explained in the context of the film itself, and the film's article is of a reasonable size that the merging of the soundtrack will not cause any problems as far as article size or undue weight is concerned. In fact, there already is a section of the Southland Tales article that discusses the soundtrack, and the brevity of the soundtrack's own article is such that merging the article into that existing section of the film's article should not pose any problems whatsoever, and might make more sense than giving the soundtrack its own article.SecretName101 (talk) 03:08, 18 August 2014 (UTC)

Dramedy
Dramedy is not a word. I'm starting to get sick of having to keep removing it from articles. Please can people stop putting it in articles. Thanks Willowandglass (talk) 15:49, 8 June 2016 (UTC)

 * User:Willowandglass: You've never heard of something before and it offends you (WP:IDON'TLIKEIT), so from your superior vantage point as the god of English, you decree it never existed and so it was not; which is to say, you cannot be bothered to do any research whatsoever, because... you just "know". Jesus wept.  Oxford English Dictionary not good enough for you? Too British? How about M.H. Abrams' Glossary of Literary Terms (going back several editions), etc., etc., all of which disagree with your assertion, which is based on your own ill-informed personal opinion and, if I may be so blunt, in this age when searching for information is just that easy, your willful ignorance.  Whether it's the best word to use in this general-use encyclopedia is another matter, which is why I am not reverting you. ZarhanFastfire (talk) 02:42, 29 August 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Merger discussion
If anyone still remembers this thing they need to have a look at sourcing up the graphic novel pages, which are just plot summaries and are currently not adequate to justify their own pages. BoomboxTestarossa (talk) 21:07, 11 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Southland Tales


text:
Carl Upchurch

Carl Douglass Upchurch (1950, Philadelphia – May 2, 2003, Bexley, Ohio) was an American activist, author and educator. His commitment to education, civic and urban issues, and political justice earned him a national reputation.

He was portrayed by Omar Epps in the 2002 film Conviction.

Works

 * Convicted in the Womb, Bantam Books, 1996. ISBN 978-0-553-37520-6

title: Carl Upchurch