text:
Talk:Pope Paul II

Birthdate
My source gives his birthdate as 1417, not 1418. Does anyone know which is correct? Danny

His death
Nothing that says how he died...being sodomized by a page boy. 22:53, 29 October 2005 68.100.98.29 (His death)

 * Because it's probably just a rumour. Str1977 23:42, 10 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Why hasn't this been corrected? If no one can provide evidence it should be removed. Baronjim.

Who is going to provide the evidence? The Catholic Church? Isn't the stroke by Melon indulgence just as unsubstantiated? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.236.34.72 (talk) 17:02, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

I heard he died from wearing to many gems in his papal tiara that and broke his neck. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.112.95.237 (talk) 17:12, 30 May 2009 (UTC)
 * I updated with official, authoritative sources that are neither from the Catholic Church, nor from modern anti-Catholic writers.
 * By the way, the stroke by indigestion is substantiated by countless witnesses whose testimony were collected in the official investigation on the death of the Pope, including a well-known doctor of those days, Valero di Viterbo, who had already warned the Pope on the risk of such a death.
 * That rumor is found only in one or two modern booklets that claim to describe the naughty deeds of famous people that can't sue them (because they are dead), which we can hardly consider encyclopedic. The Italian book previously referenced, btw, only talks about indigestion.
 * --RCarmine (talk) 15:35, 20 July 2012 (UTC)

 * @Contaldo80 Once again, I am trying to point out that the book being quoted does not mention that information... Here is the entire quote on the death of pope Paul II from the book "I Papi, Storia e Segreti", of Claudio Rendina, with my own translation to English:

La morte lo close all'improvviso nel suo palazzo di S. Marco il 26 luglio 1471 per un colpo apoplettico; ma il Platina ci fa correre il sospetto che sia stato avvelenato, "perche il di precedente alla notte che egli lascio la vita, due ben gran meloni si mangio", a parte la storiella popolare che lo disse strangolato da uno spirito racchiuso in uno dei suoi numerosi anelli.

Death surprised him in his palace of St. Mark on July 26, 1471 due to a stroke; but Platina makes us suspect that he may have been poisoned, "because the day before the night he left life, he ate two melons of considerable size", aside from the popular story that says he was strangled by a spirit enclosed in one of his numerous rings.

 * Regards, --RCarmine (talk) 18:20, 14 August 2012 (UTC)

 * I'm afraid I misunderstood what you were trying to say. I took your reference to "original sources" to suggest you had examined the primary source (not the secondary source - ie Rendina). Thanks for nevertheless clarifying this now. I've changed the secondary source to a work that explicitly references the story of his death while being sodomised by a page. Contaldo80 (talk) 08:54, 15 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks.
 * However, I think the whole point is not clear. This statement is saying that a Pope - leader of the largest Christian community and, to Catholics, the vicar of Jesus Christ on earth - not only committed what the Church considers a grave sin against chastity, but also violated his solemn vow of celibacy, the latter being a sacrilege for someone having received the Sacrament of Holy Orders.
 * The above, in context, makes the statement exceptional, thus requiring "multiple high-quality sources".
 * I do not consider Cawthorne's booklet a valid source, and even further I would say that it is unreliable. Beside this one, I would not know of any other high-quality sources that may justify the presence of this statement.
 * In order to stop our edit war, I am bringing to your attention that these are the rules as far as I know, and therefore, unless my point is critically flawed or there are further high-quality sources, I believe that the statement is to be removed. I will await for further comments before proceeding.
 * Regards, --RCarmine (talk) 16:59, 15 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Are you serious? The popes are just men - there are countless examples of sins and broken vows. I suggest you spend 5 minutes on Alexander VI. Incidentally I'm a catholic so no need to explain the background. I don't see that there is a requirement for exceptional sources. If you think the Cawthorne book is flawed then the onus is on you to demonstrate why. We can't treat articles about religious leaders with 'kid gloves' just because they're religious leaders. The same standards apply for all articles.Contaldo80 (talk) 08:56, 16 August 2012 (UTC)

 * I do not understand your statement. We are not debating the humanity of the religious leaders, but the fact that their position makes their following (or not) of the doctrine of utmost relevance. It is no shocking news that religious leaders are not saints, though some have been, but the death of this well-respected Pope has been officially known throughout the centuries from reputable sources, thus turning into an exceptional statement this rumor, this so-called "popular legend" - unheard of until the past few decades - which is nothing but a slanderous statement of breaking a sacred vow, regardless of how this occurred.

 * I may have a modest knowledge of the standards of wikipedia, however the "exceptional statements" policy is very succinct as it includes:
 * surprising or apparently important claims not covered by multiple mainstream sources;
 * challenged claims that are supported purely by primary or self-published sources or those with an apparent conflict of interest;
 * claims that are contradicted by the prevailing view within the relevant community, or that would significantly alter mainstream assumptions.

 * The phrase clearly fits the three definitions, and cancellation is required for several reasons, the main one being the lack of "multiple high-quality sources". Furthermore, as of right now the statement is supported by only one source, a 2004 book called "sex lives of the popes", published by an author known for other similar works such as "Sex Lives of the Hollywood Goddesses". and even his wiki voice states that "many of his books are compilations of popular history, without footnotes, references or bibliographies"; since the WP:NOTRELIABLE policy defines "questionable sources" as "those with a poor reputation for checking the facts", this one seems to fit this definition.

 * Unless you have justified reasons for why we are not currently complying with these policies in this voice, I will proceed with the necessary update. Regards, --RCarmine (talk) 17:49, 16 August 2012 (UTC)
 * ✅ --RCarmine (talk) 03:44, 19 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I carried out some further research over the weekend which has sharpened my perspective on the subject. Contemporary accounts generally agree that Paul was vain, egotistical and interested in his jewels. Aside from the version that he died from apoplexy brought on by over-eating melons; there are at least two "popular" versions of how he died. One was apoplexy after being engaged in a strenous sexual act with a page. The other was that he summoned a spirit from his ring that then subsequently stranged him. Perhaps neither of these last two are genuine (certainly not the last anyway), but they nevertheless may be apocryphal. "Popular" accounts should not be lightly dismissed, as they can shed light on a wider truth. Both contemporaries and subsequent historical analysis demonstrate a strong belief that Pope Paul II had a passionate interst in jewels and men (a source for this argument would be John Julius Norwich recent book on The Popes). I don't think you do the subject any favour by trying to close down discussion in this way. I'm also not sure your argument that we should take extra care about sources because we are suggested that he broke "a sacred vow" - that of celibacy. But most historians happily relate how he routinely broke the vow of poverty - and amassed a notable collection of jewels, fine vestments and arts. Does that vow not worry you? Could you also please give me a source for your argument that he was "well-respected"? I'm not sure that he was particularly. Contaldo80 (talk) 09:10, 20 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I beg your pardon, but where in the world does it say that he made a vow of poverty? Actually, where does it say he made a vow of celibacy? Secular priests make no vows, they make promises. And they don't make any such promise of poverty. Vows of poverty are for consecrated religious such as Franciscans or Dominicans. Elizium23 (talk) 15:21, 20 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Like Elizium23 says, it is a common misconception that clergy take a vow of poverty, but that is not the case. Only religious who live a consecrated life (ex. friars) take such vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience to the Church. The current Code of Canon Law does call the ordained clergy to material simplicity, but that is not a sacred vow.
 * Kuhner's "Encyclopedia of the Papacy" states that Platina's posthumous revenge on Paul has distorted the picture of this pope right up to recent years; he also writes that he was deeply interested in art, and collected coins, gems, and antiques, which does not appear immoral or sacrilegious. He also led to the construction of Palazzo Venezia, a masterpiece of architecture that today hosts a great museum. Perhaps he was not well-respected in the eyes of some, but his papacy was ultimately not comparable - like you tried to do - to that of Alexander VI.
 * Nothing to argue, of course, against anything supported by reliable sources.
 * Regards, --RCarmine (talk) 15:44, 20 August 2012 (UTC)
 * You're probably right that there's no papal vow around poverty - but it's hardly in the spirit of the Gospels is it. But I do question your description of Paul II being "well-respected" and the argument that he would have been unlikely to have broken his solemn vow of celibacy. Particularly when we have established that he was vain, avaricious, gluttoness, temperamental, not above bribery or torture, and a lover of luxury. But under no circumstances would he, of course, have had sexual relations with one of his pages. However, despite my best efforts I can't find a clear link to the source of the popular legend of him dying after being sodomised. If anyone can suggest a place to look then that is welcome, otherwise I agree we'll need to leave out for the timebeing. Contaldo80 (talk) 10:09, 21 August 2012 (UTC)

 * It's not up to us to judge or condemn people because we see some of their defects or vices or because they may have committed something awful - that's also hardly in the spirit of the Gospels. I do question that we have "established" that he was those things. Based on what? On a few things that have come down to us from his biographers - some of which were rather unfriendly, as history has shown? A rich person can be poor in spirit, a poor person may place wealth above everything else...we just don't know, because we cannot see their intentions, and we cannot assume someone is a glutton because some have seen him eat a lot at once, or temperamental because someone has seen him upset a few times.
 * Yes, there is a significant difference between lust (the disordinate desire of something sexual) and natural sexual attraction (which the Church has never condemned per se, regardless of whether it is heterosexual or homosexual), thus the "passionate interest for men" that you mentioned might have been perfectly chaste, as far as we know, and we also cannot assume homosexuality from this, because we don't know either. What I am suggesting is to be careful when assuming things: we are not a primary source, all we do is gather reputable data that reflect truth as much as possible, regardless of how good or bad will that truth make someone or something appear. --RCarmine (talk) 18:35, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't disagree with the need to simply reflect good sources. But likewise we shouldn't assume someone cannot have certain characteristics by nature of them being the pope; nor that all their actions are consistent with Catholic doctrine. We need to be open from the start to the fact that Paul II may have been chaste or that equally he may have had sexual affairs with men (or women). Our role is to look at the evidence and use that in a sensible and balanced way to build an article. Contaldo80 (talk) 08:58, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I've discovered now that there are some reliable sources aside from Cawthorne that deal with this episode - Hans Kühner, Das Imperium der Päpste (or Encyclopedia of the Papacy), and Ferdinand Seibt, Bohemia Sacra: Das Christentum in Bohmen 973-1973. I've amended the text to reflect.Contaldo80 (talk) 09:13, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I knew about those sources, as a matter of fact I have both of them sitting on my desk right now. Are you sure they say that? I am not, because they are in German and I am not knowledgeable with the language...someone is helping me translate the related pages to verify what they actually say. Pending the results of the translation, we may as well assume the sources are good and leave the statement as is for now. By the way, Kuhner's English edition, "Encyclopedia of the Papacy" (1958), has Paul II's biography on pp. 127-128 and does not mention this when describing his death. I don't know what the German version says yet (pp. 252-254). --RCarmine (talk) 19:16, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Would certainly welcome your perspective. Contaldo80 (talk) 08:50, 23 August 2012 (UTC)

After long searching for any trace of a primary source of an alleged "popular legend" about death of Paul II during homosexual intercourse, I became convinced that it does not exist at all. No reputable academic source make any reference to such a legend, and those popular sources (such as Cawthorne) do not cite any primary source. Actually, Pope Paul II faced the accusations of immorality (by the standards of Catholic teachings) made by his contemporaries, but these charges clearly referred to heterosexual activity only. Gregory of Heimburg and Janus Pannonius accused him of having fathered illegitimate daughter, some others made only general statements about his immorality, while Attilio Alesio, writing only in 1531, claimed that he had made his household "full of concubines", but there are no references to sodomy or any predilactions for young boys. See Paul Joachimson, Gregor Heimburg, Bamberg 1891, p. 270, and Pastor, History of the Popes, IV, p. 139-140, both with references to primary sources. CarlosPn (talk) 23:05, 27 January 2015 (UTC)

Crossdresser?
On the internet I'm not able to find any reference to his being 'homosexual' except for a list of famous transvestites that appears exactly the same on numerous websites. Does anyone have a source for his being 'cited as being gay'? All the encyclopedia entries I've checked say nothing on the matter.
 * The Catholic Encyclopedia perhaps doth protest too much when it says Gregory of Heimburg's charges against Paul II of "immorality" are "untenable." --Kstern999 21:09, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Though I'm no RC apologist, I think the following undermines the article's credibility: "one of his successors suggested that he should be called Maria Pietissima, "Our Lady of Pity", because he was inclined to break into tears at times of crisis". Infessura might be the source, but unsourced it's drivel. --Wetman 06:55, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

Now added a reference from Karlen which sources the issues around sexuality. Could do with some more research if others have time.Contaldo80 (talk) 14:36, 31 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Arno Karlen would justify the "some historians"? I think something like this requires better sources, and there is no reliable source on this, having gone rather far back into his biographies. --RCarmine (talk) 15:41, 20 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Karlen was Associate Professor in English at Penn State University, and had a doctorate in human sexuality from New York University. Incidentally would you mind sharing what biographies you have consulted? They wouldn't all be Catholic authors would they? I would want to be reassured that there was no bias. Many Catholic authors writing on the papacy have tended to lack objectivity. But hopefully uou're able to cite a range of references. Thanks. 14:16, 29 August 2012 (UTC)Contaldo80 (talk)
 * I agree with RCarmine, I don't think Karlen as a historian. He had no history degrees that I am aware of. Also, one non-fction writer fails to show the plural of "historians". Bellae artes (talk) 05:17, 25 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I have posted a notice on your talkpage about stalking. I'm afraid I will not discuss editing issues directly with you until that has been resolved to my satisfaction. Thanks. Contaldo80 (talk) 14:16, 29 August 2012 (UTC)

Ducat

 * How much is a Ducat in modern terms?Cameron Nedland (talk) 21:18, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

Category:Popes
Category:Popes is a non-diffusing category. A while ago, I endeavored to make sure every single pope article is included in this category. It makes no sense to remove one lone pope from it and leave all the rest. Elizium23 (talk) 21:12, 25 March 2020 (UTC)
 * You made it a non-diffusing category today? Rathfelder (talk) 21:15, 25 March 2020 (UTC)
 * , It was already a non-diffusing category when I came across it. That's when I added all the remaining popes to it. Elizium23 (talk) 21:15, 25 March 2020 (UTC)
 * , you can either restore the category to this article, or you can remove it from the other 268 articles. You don't get an in-between. Elizium23 (talk) 03:33, 26 March 2020 (UTC)
 * I don't know where you were when I added the category to the remaining 13 popes but 255 already had it applied with WP:CONSENSUS so you are arguing against a strong consensus here. Elizium23 (talk) 03:37, 26 March 2020 (UTC)
 * I dont spend all my time on popes. It wasnt non-diffusing when I last visited, but I agree that its all or nothing, so I've reverted. Rathfelder (talk) 11:21, 26 March 2020 (UTC)

Dubious source(s)
I noticed that the Catholic Encyclopedia citation was the article for Paul I, and furthermore neither article contained any such text as "justice" or "bribery". So I am at a loss to know whence came the statements that were allegedly supported by the Catholic Encyclopedia citation. You overhauled this article years ago, and so I would like to review the additions and ensure they are reliably sourced. Thank you. Elizium23 (talk) 13:01, 12 April 2020 (UTC)

Sorted in LGBT cats
Pope Paul II was a LGBT Roman Catholic pope. That should be sorted in category. --188.96.230.248 (talk) 20:57, 6 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Category:LGBT Roman Catholic popes
 * Advocate.con: 21 Gay Popes, Cardinals, and Assorted Catholic Leaders, By Jacob Ogle

title: Talk:Pope Paul II


text:
Gateway Transit Center (TriMet)

Gateway Transit Center is a multimodal transport hub in Portland, Oregon, United States. Owned and operated by TriMet, it comprises Gateway/Northeast 99th Avenue Transit Center, a bus transit center and light rail station serving the MAX Green and Blue Lines and eastbound Red Line trains, and Gateway North, a separate station served by westbound Red Line trains. The complex is where the three lines split, with the Blue Line proceeding east to Gresham, the Green Line proceeding south to Clackamas, and the Red Line proceeding north to Portland International Airport. It is TriMet's second-busiest transit center after Beaverton Transit Center, with 4,847 average weekday boardings for all modes in spring 2023.

When opened in 1986, it was the busiest station on the Portland–Gresham MAX line, the only line in the system at that time, and was the terminus of 11 bus lines. Currently seven bus lines serve the Gateway Transit Center.

The transit center is next to the interchange of Interstate 84 and Interstate 205, and behind a Fred Meyer store in the Gateway Shopping Center. Neighborhoods served by this station include Hazelwood, Woodland Park, Parkrose Heights, Madison South and Montavilla.

Platform layout
The original Gateway station includes three light rail tracks and platforms, with bus stops located on the east side of the station. The easternmost track is used by inbound (westbound) Blue and Green Line trains. Trains on this track open up doors to both the side and center platforms. The middle track is to the west of the center platform and was used by inbound Red Line trains prior to March 4th, 2024. The westernmost track has a side platform and is used by all outbound (eastbound) trains.

Prior to March 2024, inbound Red Line trains stopped at the center track because of the way the Red Line junction was configured. Because the tracks going into Gateway eastbound approach from the north, running the Red Line north to the airport from Gateway would have required the operator to change cabs. To rectify the problem, TriMet created a special configuration to the Red Line junction. Inbound, the double track line narrowed to single track about 0.5 mi north of Gateway. The track runs adjacent to I-205, crosses under the main line, then swings around north on a sharp horseshoe turn, and merges with the outbound track just south of Gateway. Inbound trains then used the center track switches to cross over to the inbound track. From 2022 to 2024, as part of the Better Red project to eliminate both sections of single track on the Red Line, TriMet reconfigured the junction. Beginning on March 4th, 2024, inbound Red Line trains ascend onto a flyover bridge that crosses over the outbound track. After crossing I-84, trains stop at a side platform 500 ft north of the original station. After making their stop, trains make a right curve, cross the inbound Blue and Green Line track, and merge with the center track before merging with the inbound track. The original loop remains in use by outbound Red Line trains.

In comparison, the Green Line's junction with the Blue Line, 0.5 mi south of Gateway, is configured as a standard diverging junction.

Parking at this station and transit center was originally entirely in the form of surface lots, but in June 2006 TriMet opened a new 690-space parking garage. This compensated for the closure of the surface lot closest to the station, which was replaced by a medical building. A surface lot to the south of the station, in place since the station's opening in 1986, was not affected.

Bus service
This station in the Gateway District is served by the following bus lines:
 * 15 – Belmont/NW 23rd
 * 19 – Woodstock/Glisan
 * 22 – Parkrose
 * 23 – San Rafael
 * 24 – Fremont/NW 18th
 * 25 – Glisan/Rockwood
 * 87 – Airport Way/181st
 * Columbia Gorge Express (intercity service to Multnomah Falls, Cascade Locks, and Hood River)

Unique station features
The station has the following features:
 * Feathers: Designed by Frank Boyden, they consist of three 14–18 feet long painted aluminum feathers that work as windvanes on 20 feet poles.
 * Blackberry frosted glass: The windscreens at this station (and many others) have a frosted/etched pattern of the pervasive blackberry in Oregon.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Gateway Transit Center (TriMet)


text:
Merstham railway station

Merstham railway station is in Merstham, Surrey, England. It is on the Brighton Main Line, 20 mi measured from London Charing Cross, and train services are currently provided by Southern, who manage the station, and Thameslink.

History
Merstham was on a stretch of line between Croydon and Redhill which Parliament insisted should be shared by the London and Brighton Railway (L&BR) route to Brighton, and the South Eastern Railway (SER) route to Dover. As a result, there have been two railway stations at Merstham.

London and Brighton Railway station
The original station was located 3/4 mile south of the current station. It was opened by the L&BR on 1 December 1841, and from 1842 it was also used by SER and was the point at which travellers between the two railways exchanged trains. The section of line between Coulsdon and Redhill was transferred to SER operation, and the new owners decided to close Merstham station on 1 October 1843, thereby forcing passengers wishing to change trains to walk between the two stations at Redhill. This was a tactic to force the L&BR to share the new SER Reigate station at Redhill. Once the L&BR had given way and closed their existing station at Reigate Road, Redhill, the SER opened a new station at Merstham on the present site.

South Eastern Railway station
This station was opened 4 October 1844. The up side booking office (badly damaged by fire in the late 1980s and later rebuilt) and footbridge date from a 1905 rebuilding.

Despite being on the Brighton line, this station, along with Coulsdon South and Redhill, was owned by the South Eastern Railway (later South Eastern & Chatham Railway), and was not used by L&BR (later London Brighton and South Coast Railway trains. It was not until the creation of the Southern Railway in 1923 that trains from the Brighton line called at the station. It is 20 mi from Charing Cross, and has two platforms each long enough for a 12-coach train.

Services
Services at Merstham are operated by Southern and Thameslink using and  EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 2 tph to London Victoria
 * 2 tph to Peterborough via London Bridge
 * 2 tph to Reigate
 * 2 tph to Horsham via Gatwick Airport

On Sundays, the service between London and Reigate reduces to hourly. In addition, the Peterborough to Horsham service also reduces to hourly and northbound, runs only as far as London Bridge.

Oyster extension
As of January 2016, Oyster and contactless payment cards can be used from this station.

title: Merstham railway station


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kortney Phillips

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete moink 12:11, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

Kortney Phillips
His mother may be worth a mention - but really? --Doc Glasgow 10:59, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Nonsense (unless anybody knows better) TigerShark 21:38, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 06:57, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Looks like nonsense or vanity. Sjakkalle 09:37, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This has to be joke. Leithp 14:44, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Chhotu Ram

Chhotu Ram (born Ram Richpal; 24 November 1881 – 9 January 1945) was a prominent politician in British India's Punjab Province, an ideologue of the pre-Independent India, who belonged to the Jat community and championed the interest of oppressed communities of the Indian subcontinent. For this feat, he was knighted in 1937. On the political front, he was a co-founder of the National Unionist Party which ruled the United Punjab Province in pre-independent India and kept Congress and Muslim League at bay. In 1916, he brought out a weekly newspaper named Jat Gazette, which is still being published today.

Early life
Chhotu Ram was born as Ram Richpal in a Jat family in the village of Garhi Sampla, Rohtak district, Punjab Province. His parents were Chaudhari Sukhiram Singh Ohlyan and Sarla Devi. He acquired the nickname Chhotu Ram as he was the youngest of his brothers. He was married to a Jat girl of Village Kheri Jat, Jhajjar.

Chhotu Ram joined primary school in January 1891, passing out four years later. When he was around eleven years of age he married Giano Devi. He studied for his middle school examination in Jhajjar, 12 miles from his village, then enrolled in the Christian Mission School in Delhi. He passed his intermediate examination in 1903 and proceeded to St. Stephen's College, Delhi from where he graduated in 1905 with a distinction in Sanskrit. Parts of his education were funded by the prominent Jat philanthropist Seth Chhaju Ram.

Political activities
Among the supporters of the party were prominent urban Muslims such as Abdul Qadir.

Sir Chotu’s greatest act in his political career was to introduce Punjab Restitution of Mortgage Land Act whereby mortgaged land could be restituted to owner by payment of original debt without further interest, howsoever old the debt was, freeing up the landowners of Punjab from the shackles of moneylenders who could not own land but possessed it by enjoying unfair mortgagee rights. That got millions of acres of land repossessed, sometimes by a pittance being paod, decades later. He was also the chief convenor of Jaat Sabha, a voice of Punjab landowners and tenants alike.

Political views
A substantial portion of his salary as minister was set aside for scholarships and stipends for economically poor but bright students. As Punjab's Revenue Minister, he set up the Peasants' Welfare Fund. Future Nobel Prize laureate Abdus Salam was one of the beneficiaries of this Fund.

The enactment of two agrarian laws was primarily due to his contribution. These were the Punjab Relief Indebtedness Act of 1934 and the Punjab Debtor's Protection Act of 1936.

Ram died in Lahore on 9 January 1945. His body was carried back to his home in Rohtak city, where it was cremated at the Jat Heroes Memorial Anglo Sanskrit Senior Secondary School in the presence of thousands of people.

Legacy
All punjabis recognised that Chotu Ram's demise possessed profound political consequences. Farmers flocked to Rohtak to pay respects at his demise.

Monuments and memorials

Ram's place of residence in Rohtak was known as "Prem Nivas" and "Nili Kothi" (English: Blue Bungalow). The chowk (road square) nearest to his house is now known as "Chhotu Ram Chowk" and a Dharamshala exists at the same place in his name. A samadhi (tomb) was created in his memory at the school campus where he was cremated, and there people pay homage on his birthday each year.

Chhotu Ram State College of Engineering College in Murthal (Sonepat District), Haryana, is named after him (the name of the college has since been changed to Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology abbreviated as DCRUST, after it got the University Status in 2006).

Sir Chhotu Ram College of Education, Kurukshetra is named after him. Further, Sir Chhotu Ram Institute of Engineering & Technology at Meerut is also named after him.

The Indian government issued a commemorative stamp on 9 January 1995.

The Jat-Anglo Sanskrit School was started by him on 26 March 1913 in Rohtak. A Bachelor of Education college at the same campus, is also named after him.

Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram Thermal Power Station (DCRTPP), Yamuna Nagar is a 2×300 MW Thermal power plant of HPGCL, Government of Haryana.

Ch. Birender Singh, Sir Chhotu Ram's daughter's son got built a 64 feet statue by Ch. Chhotu Ram Trust - Rohtak, highest in Haryana, at his birth site, Garhi Sampla. This statue was unveiled by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 9 October 2018.

title: Chhotu Ram


text:
Northeast 60th Avenue station

Northeast 60th Avenue is a light rail station on the MAX Blue, Green and Red Lines in Portland, Oregon. It is the 12th stop eastbound on the eastside MAX line. It is located on the boundary between the North Tabor and Rose City Park neighborhoods.

The station is at the intersection of NE 60th Avenue and Interstate 84, located above a Union Pacific line, but below street level. This station is connected to NE 60th Avenue by a series of stairs and elevators. The single island platform is separated from the westbound lanes of the freeway by only a low wall and the eastbound MAX tracks, causing the platform level of this station to be noisy most hours of the day.

The station was located in TriMet fare zone 2 from its opening in 1986 until September 2012, at which time TriMet discontinued all use of zones in its fare structure.

Bus line connections
This station is served by the following bus line:
 * 71 - 60th Ave

title: Northeast 60th Avenue station


text:
Northeast 82nd Avenue station

The Northeast 82nd Avenue station is a light rail station on the MAX Blue, Green and Red Lines in Portland, Oregon. It is the 13th stop eastbound on the eastside MAX. It serves the neighborhoods of Rose City Park, Roseway, Madison South, Montavilla and Mount Tabor.

The station is at the intersection of Northeast 82nd Avenue and Interstate 84. This station is connected to 82nd Avenue by a stairway and one elevator. Access to the station is from the east side of the 82nd Avenue overpass.

The station was located in TriMet fare zone 2 from its opening in 1986 until September 2012, at which time TriMet discontinued all use of zones in its fare structure.

Bus line connections
This station is served by the following bus lines:
 * 72 - Killingsworth/82nd Ave
 * 77 - Broadway/Halsey

title: Northeast 82nd Avenue station


text: User talk:84.248.47.221

title: User talk:84.248.47.221


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Roorkee

Roorkee (Rūṛkī) is a city and a municipal corporation in the Haridwar district of the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is 31 km from Haridwar city, the district headquarter. It was a part of Landhaura Princely State of Panwar Gurjar's till 1824 when the British occupied it by defeating first freedom fighter Vijay Singh Gujjar. It is spread over a flat terrain under Sivalik Hills of Himalayas. The city is developed on the banks of Ganges Canal, its dominant feature, which flows from north–south through middle of the city. Roorkee is home to Asia's first engineering college Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, formerly known as Thomson College of Civil Engineering. Roorkee is also known for the Roorkee Cantonment, one of the country's oldest military establishments and the headquarters of Bengal Engineer Group since 1853. A freight train ran in between Roorkee and Piran Kaliyar on 22 December 1851, this was two years before first passenger trains were started between Bombay and Thana in 1853 and 14 years after first freight trains ran in Chennai in 1837.

History
Roorkee is listed in the Ain-i-Akbari as a pargana under the sarkar of Saharanpur, producing a revenue of 12,234 dams for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 1200 infantry and 125 cavalry. After that it was a part of Landhaura Princely State of Panwar Gurjar's till 1824 when the British occupied it by defeating Vijay Singh Gujjar.

Before 1840, the city was a tiny hamlet consisting of mud huts on the banks of the Solani rivulet. Digging work on the Upper Ganges Canal formally began in April 1842, under the aegis of Proby Cautley, a British officer. Local works were designed and overseen by the engineer Thomas Login. Soon, Roorkee developed into a town. The canal, which was formally opened on 8 April 1854, provided irrigation waters for more than 767,000 acre in 5,000 villages.

Col. P.T. Cautley, an officer in the British Army, was most instrumental in constructing the canal. According to Dept. of Hydrology the canal, which is still considered as a marvel of engineering, was built in 1853. However, water was released in the canal on 8 April 1854.

To look after the maintenance of the canal, the Canal Workshop and Iron Foundry were established in 1843 on the civil lines on the canal bank which is known as the Irrigation workshop nowadays. This was followed by the establishment of Civil Engineering School; classes started in 1845 to train local youth to assist in the civil-engineering work of the Upper Ganges Canal. This was to become the first engineering college established in India. On 25 November 1847, the college was formally constituted through a proposal by the Sir James Thomason, Lt. Governor of North-Western Province (1843–53). After his death in 1853, the college was rechristened as Thomason College of Civil Engineering. The college later upgraded to University of Roorkee in 1949; on 21 September 2001, through an Act of parliament, it was made one of the Indian Institutes of Technology, IIT Roorkee. In 1853 Bengal Sappers and Miners were stationed here which provided a controlling influence during the 1857 uprising. Other important events in the history of Roorkee include that under the Post Office Act of 1866, it was among the first few towns to have a post office and first telegraph office in the district. Now Roorkee has a General Post Office (GPO) and a number of post offices located in Roorkee City and Cantt. In 1886, Roorkee was placed on the Railway map of India. In 1907, first provincial trunk road Meerut-Roorkee-Dehradun was constructed. In 1920, Roorkee became the first town in Uttar Pradesh to have hydroelectricity. India's first aqueduct was constructed over the Solani river, near Roorkee, part of the Ganges Canal project, which itself was India's first irrigation work in North India, started by the British. In 1851, the Solani Aqueduct Railway was built by Proby Cautley in Roorkee to transport construction materials for Ganges canal. It was operated by the Bengal Sappers. A steam engine, Jenny Lind, (specially shipped from England moved on rails in India), pulling a freight train ran in Roorkee on 22 December 1851, between Roorkee and Piran Kaliyar, 10 km from the city, two years before first passenger trains were started between Bombay and Thana in 1853 and 14 years after first freight trains ran in Chennai in 1837. A replica of what the locomotive is thought to have looked like is exhibited at Roorkee Railway Station.

The municipality of Roorkee was created in 1868. Now it is a Municipal Corporation. It had been home to the Bengal Sappers and Miners since 1853, and two artillery units were stationed there. Today, the Roorkee Cantonment has a large army base. The Bengal Engineering Group and Centre (BEG&C), are still there today.

In 1901, when the city had a population of 17,197, it was made the headquarters of the Roorkee Tehsil, in Saharanpur district of the United Province of the British Raj; the tehsil included in it 426 villages (of the parganas of Jwalapur, Manglaur and Bhagwanpur) and six towns, the most important among them being Haridwar and Manglaur. The Old Cemetery in the city is a protected monument, by the Archaeological Survey of India.

Geography
Roorkee is located at 29.87°N, 77.88°W. It has an average elevation of 268 m.

Roorkee is 184.3 km north of the Indian capital, New Delhi, between the rivers Ganges and Yamuna, close to the foothills of the Himalayas. It is 65 kilometres away from Dehradun (the capital of Uttarakhand), 30 km from Haridwar and 48 km away from Muzaffarnagar. Before the creation of Uttarakhand on 9 November 2000, Roorkee was a part of the state of Uttar Pradesh.

The city is located in the Roorkee plain which is composed of recent alluvium with a gentle slope. As per the census 2011, this region is spread over 129.88 km2.

There are a total of106 villages in Roorkee community development block of Hardwar. The total population of Roorkee block is 301,268 with male population of 158,879 and female population of 142,389. There are 51,329 households in Roorkee block, Hardwar district.

Climate
Roorkee has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), typical of the northern Indo-Gangetic plain. There are three seasons. A sweltering, dry “hot” season begins in mid-March and extends until mid-June with steadily increasing humidity and discomfort. From mid-June until the end of September the southwest monsoon gives the “wet” season with a total of around 770 mm of rainfall or about-four-fifths of the annual total. This monsoonal rain is accompanied by hot temperatures, very warm mornings, and extremely uncomfortable humidity. From early October the “cool” season begins as the monsoon retreats, featuring warm to very warm afternoons, cool mornings, and moderate humidity. Occasionally western disturbances between January and March will bring a little rainfall during this season, although the average total from October to March is only 145 mm.

Demographics
The Roorkee Tehsil is the most populous among the three Tehsils in the Haridwar District with 45% of its population categorized as urban. According to the 2011 census Roorkee city has a population of 392,000, within the area of 8.11 square kilometres. The average literacy rate of Roorkee is 89.48%. The sex ratio of the town as-of 2011, is 863 for all age groups while between the age 0-6 it is 820.

Government and politics
For administrative purposes, the Roorkee city is part of the Haridwar district's Roorkee Tehsil. The city falls under the Roorkee Legislative Assembly constituency, which is one of the seventy electoral Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand state in India.

Civic administration
The governance of Roorkee city is done by the Roorkee Municipal Coorporation (RMC) which comes under Roorkee Metropolitan Region. According to the 2011 census, the RMC covers an areas of 28.91 km2 with 1.84 lakh population. The RMC is administered through the Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act 1959 which was adopted and amended by Uttarakhand. The act is administered by the Urban Development Department (UDD), Government of Uttarakhand.

The council is formed every five years through ward councillors's elections and it holds the highest authority within the Urban Local Body (ULB) to make decisions. The council is headed by a Mayor, who is elected by the Ward Councillors from 40 municipal wards. A Municipal Commissioner (MC) is appointed by the state who is responsible for the operations of the ULB. The RMC is responsible for city related civic services like cleanliness of the city, solid waste management, maintenance of gardens/dividers/circles, street light, bio-medical waste, all storm water and wastewater drainage.

Politics
The RMC has 40 wards with a voter population of 14.05 lakh voters- split between nearly 7.26 lakh men and 6.79 lakh women voters. The major political parties which are active in the local elections are Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP), Indian National Congress (INC), Bhartiya Lok Dal (BLD), Janta Party (JP), Lok Dal (LKD) and Samajwadi Party (SP).

Economy
Roorkee is an industrial base of Haridwar district. It is partially industrialized. Its main industries are ship parts manufacture, surveying, drawing and mechanical instruments. It has a GDP of US$112 million.

Languages
Major languages spoken in Roorkee are Hindi 72%, Urdu 23%, Punjabi 3%, and English 2%.

title: Roorkee


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Boilie

Boilies are a type of artificial fishing bait made from boiled paste that usually consists of fishmeals, milk proteins, bird foods, semolina and soya flour, which are mixed with egg white as a binding agent. The mixture is then boiled to form hard, round balls that diffuse evenly and slowly in water, and additional flavourings and aromatic attractants are usually included in the mixture to enhance the olfactory appeal to the fish. The spherical shape also allows the baits to be catapulted accurately when fishing at distant waters.

Though boilies are typically made and sold by large commercial suppliers, many anglers opt to make their own unique homemade boilies.

Use
Boilies are one of the most established carp fishing baits, available in a huge range of colours and flavours. Boilies come in all different shapes and sizes from tiny micro-boilies as small as 8 mm to palm-sized balls as large as 40 mm, which are more suited to waters where "nuisance fish" are present. The ability to provide a bait of a fairly large size with a hard outer skin, meant that other species such as tench and bream were less able to consume the bait. Boiled baits also meant that they could be left longer in the water without fear of the bait disintegrating and falling off the hook, unlike bread or other traditional fishing baits.

There are also buoyant boilies, commonly known as "pop-ups", that are used to make the bait float just off the bed of the lake, making them easier for the fish to find and take. Pop-up boilies can be used in various situations, where there is weed or silt present on a lake bed, or with a normal boilie to create a "snowman" rig. The pop-up is generally smaller than the normal boilie, which creates what is known as a critically balanced bait, or neutral buoyancy, and makes it easier for the fish to take in the bait.

Carp anglers have many types of boiled bait to choose from, some of which have added preservatives in them so that they can be kept at room temperature on shop shelves for a long time (shelf-life bait). Boilies that lack these added preservatives need to be refrigerated or frozen to stop them from going off; these are known as freezer baits. There have been many arguments discussing the pros and cons of both freezer and shelf-life boilies but the common opinion of many carp anglers is that due to the artificial preservatives in shelf-life baits they are not as nutritionally beneficial to the carp and therefore lack some attraction. Also, since in order to keep freezer baits fresh they need to be frozen soon after being rolled, not only will the ingredients used be of a much higher quality than in shelf lives but the ingredients used to make them will not lose much of their nutrients and attraction before being used in a fishing situation (much like frozen vegetables). Due to these facts freezer baits are often much more expensive than their shelf life counterparts.

The most commonly used set-up anglers use to present a boilie is a hair rig (the bait is not attached directly to the hook) which allows the boilie to sit off the back of the hook. This not only means that the bait will behave more naturally in the water (for example when disturbed by feeding fish) it also will often make the difference between a good hook hold and a bad one. Due to the nature in which a carp feeds the bait is blown out of the mouth soon after it has been picked up and the fact that the bait can move independently from the hook it allows the hook to stay back inside the mouth and find its way preferably into the bottom lip.

title: Boilie


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User talk:Moonraven

StickHorsie
Please do not add unnecessary lines to an article, whether you agree with it or not, OK? :) Master Thief Garrett 11:04, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

K... still trying to figure out how to post in this site. It isn't exactly user friendly

Image Tagging Image:Beheadedhorsie.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Beheadedhorsie.gif. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. -- Longhair 11:49, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Moonraven


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Hollywood/Northeast 42nd Avenue Transit Center

Hollywood/Northeast 42nd Avenue Transit Center, also known as Hollywood Transit Center, is a light rail station in the MAX Light Rail system and a bus transit center, located in the Hollywood District of Portland, Oregon. Hollywood/NE 42nd Ave is the 11th stop eastbound on the eastside MAX main line, and is served by the Blue, Green and Red Lines. The transit center's bus area, served by three routes, is temporarily closed for construction.

Owned by TriMet, the transit center is located along the Banfield Freeway, south of the intersection of Northeast 42nd Avenue and Halsey Street. The MAX station platform is situated between the freeway and a Union Pacific Railroad line, and is connected to the bus stops and surrounding areas by a pedestrian bridge.

The station was located in TriMet fare zone 2 from its opening in 1986 until September 2012, at which time TriMet discontinued all use of zones in its fare structure.

Connecting services
This transit center is served by the following bus lines. Beginning in August 2023, these lines stop on nearby streets, until construction on the station's new bus plaza is complete.

Opening and service expansion
The Hollywood/NE 42nd Ave station and transit center are part of the first MAX line, which was constructed in the median of the Banfield Freeway as an alternative to building the controversial Mount Hood Freeway. The station opened on September 5, 1986, as part of the initial 15.1 mi MAX service from Gresham to Downtown Portland.

MAX service was extended west of Downtown Portland in the 1990s, and an extension to Portland International Airport opened in 2001. The airport MAX service opened as the Red Line, and the line to Gresham was redesignated as the Blue Line, both serving Hollywood/NE 42nd. The station gained an additional service in 2009 with the opening of the Green Line to Clackamas Town Center, a service pattern that remains.

TriMet renovated the Hollywood/NE 42nd station with new signage, lighting, and information displays, as part of a renovation program that began in 2011. The Blue Line Station Rehabilitation initiative was accompanied by safety improvements along the original Banfield Freeway line, and was funded by a grant from the Federal Transit Administration.

2017 stabbing incident
On May 26, 2017, two people were killed and one seriously injured in a knife attack on a train arriving at the Hollywood station. The attacker was verbally abusing two women who he believed were Muslim, and stabbed three bystanders who attempted to intervene. The attacker was arrested nearby, and was sentenced to two consecutive life sentences in June 2020.

In the aftermath of the attack, TriMet commissioned a memorial to commemorate the victims. Sarah Farahat's design, We Choose Love, was completed in May 2018, drawing inspiration from chalk messages left at the scene shortly after the attack. We Choose Love features excerpts from a poem translated into seven languages, and incorporates images of the Western peony throughout its life cycle.

Redevelopment
Hollywood Transit Center is the site of a new transit-oriented development project, hollywoodHUB, which is stated to open in 2026. The project includes a 12-story apartment building, which will feature over 220 units of affordable housing, retail spaces, and transit connections. TriMet and its partner BRIDGE Housing broke ground at the site in August 2023, moving the station's bus services to temporary stops during the construction. Infrastructure improvements for MAX Light Rail are also planned, including a new traction power substation.

The We Choose Love memorial was removed in January 2024, as part of the hollywoodHUB project. TriMet officials described the mural as temporary when it was installed, citing their upcoming plans for the station's renovation. The rebuilt station will incorporate the themes of the original memorial, including the color scheme and messages of peace.


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Suwałki Region

Suwałki Region (Suwalszczyzna ; Suvalkų kraštas, Suvalkija) is a historical region around the city of Suwałki in northeastern Poland near the border with Lithuania. It encompasses the powiats of Augustów, Suwałki, and Sejny, and roughly corresponds to the southern part of the former Suwałki Governorate.

The region was disputed between Poland and Lithuania after their re-emergence as independent states following World War I. This dispute along with the Vilnius question was the cause of the Polish-Lithuanian War and the Sejny Uprising. The area has since been part of Poland, with the exception of the German and Soviet occupation during World War II. The Suwałki Region remains as the center of the Lithuanian minority in Poland.

History
The Neolithic era ushered in the first settled agricultural communities in the area of present-day Poland, whose founders had migrated from the Danube River area beginning about 5500 BC. Later, the native post-Mesolithic populations adopted and further developed the agricultural way of life, between 4400 and about 2000 BC. During Polish antiquity and the Polish Early Middle Ages, the northeast corner of what is now Poland was populated by West Baltic tribes. They were at the outer limits of any substantial cultural influence from the Roman Empire.

Middle Ages
After the local Yotvingians were eradicated or Germanized by the Teutonic Order in the 14th century, their southern lands were repopulated by Poles, Belarusians, and Ukrainians. Their northern territories of Suvalkija remained largely void of settlement until the 16th century, when Lithuanians began to migrate into the area.

Early modern era
The region belonged, either fully or partially, to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, within the Polish–Lithuanian union until 1569. Afterwards it was divided between the Grand Duchy and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, both forming the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

19th century
Following the Third Partition of Poland, the whole region belonged to the Kingdom of Prussia from 1795 to 1807. It then belonged to the Duchy of Warsaw from 1808 to 1815.

In 1815, the Suwałki Region became part of Congress Poland, a state which was tied by personal union to Russia and absorbed by the Russian Empire in the aftermath of the 1830 November Uprising. The Suwałki Governorate, in a Russian census conducted during the 1880s, was about 58% Lithuanian. Most of its territory is now part of Lithuania, with only three uyezds, Augustów, Suwałki, and Sejny, partially located in Poland.

The 1897 Russian Census recorded the linguistic composition of local towns:
 * Augustów – Polish (46.2%), Jewish  (28.5%), Russian (18.7%),  Lithuanian (0.2%);
 * Suwałki – Polish (38.7% ),  Jewish  (32.9%), Russian, (21.6%), Lithuanian (0.5%);
 * Sejny – Jewish (50.8%), Polish  (40.4%), Lithuanian (4.2%), Russian (2.5%).

The three corresponding uyezds (counties) had the following population, by language:
 * Augustów Uyezd – Polish (49.1%), Belarusian (32.5%), Jewish (11.6%), Russian (5.4%), Lithuanian (0.2%);
 * Suwałki Uyezd – Polish (66.8%), Jewish (11.3%), Lithuanian (8.5%), Russian (7.9%), German (4.3%);
 * Sejny Uyezd – Lithuanian (59.6%), Polish (22.9%), Jewish (11.8%), Russian (4.4%), German (1.2%).

The town of Sejny was located on the Polish-Lithuanian ethno-linguistic boundary.

World War I
During World War I, the region was captured by the German army and incorporated into Ober Ost. In the German census of 1916, Poles constituted 86.6% of the inhabitants in the Augustów Kreis (district) and 74.2% in the Suwałki Kreis. Lithuanians accounted for 0.3% and 9.6% respectively. The Sejny Kreis had a Lithuanian majority of 51%. Poles made up 43.3% of the population.

Interwar period
Poland's sovereignty was restored in the wake of World War I, but its eastern borders were not settled. The Suwałki Region was claimed by re-established independent Lithuania, based on cultural heritage and later 1920 peace treaty with Soviet Russia.

In November 1918, the German forces allowed the establishment of Polish civilian administration in the form of the Provisional Citizens' Council (Tymczasowa Rada Obywatelska Okręgu Suwalskiego, TROOS). They permitted elections to the Polish Legislative Sejm, which took place on 16 February 1919. Nevertheless, the German military saw further strengthening of Polish aspirations as disadvantageous and in March 1919 handed control over the area to the Lithuanian Taryba. In May 1919, units of the Lithuanian army joined German troops in Suwałki and Sejny.

In July 1919, the Entente ordered the German army to leave the Suwałki Region, and adopted the Foch Line as a temporary demarcation line between Poland and Lithuania. The line left on the Polish side: the counties of Suwałki and Augustów, the town of Sejny, and four communes (gminas) of the Sejny county: Krasnopol, Krasnowo, Berżniki, and Giby.

The Lithuanian army left the region in July–August 1919, after the Entente's decision and the Sejny Uprising. They returned a year later, during the Polish Army's retreat from advancing Soviets. In September 1920, the Poles forced the Lithuanians to withdraw behind the Foch Line.

The Foch line coincided approximately with the eastern ethnic boundary of Lithuania. It evolved into the future Polish–Lithuanian border, which was internationally recognized in 1923, while being rejected by the Lithuanian government. A small ethnically Lithuanian area (north of Sejny (Lithuanian: Seinai) and around Puńsk (Lithuanian: Punskas)) was left under Polish control. The Suwałki section of the Polish–Lithuanian border remained unchanged after World War II.

During the Interwar period, the Lithuanian authorities claimed that the region consisted of three counties (see administrative divisions of Lithuania), that were illegally occupied by Poland.

These included:
 * Augustavo Apskritis based in the town of Augustów (Augustavas);
 * Suvalkų Apskritis formed around the city of Suwałki (Suvalkai);
 * Seinų Apskritis centered on the town of Sejny (Seinai).

The aforementioned units roughly correspondended to the actual administrative division of the area into powiats of Augustów, Suwałki and Sejny of the Białystok Voivodeship of Poland, respectively. The region was the least economically developed part of Poland in the interwar period.

World War II
Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, most of the Suwałki Region was annexed by Nazi Germany and adjoined to the province of East Prussia. A small part, including the town of Lipsk was occupied by the Soviet Union until 1941. Under German occupation, the Polish population was subjected to the genocidal Intelligenzaktion campaign, which included mass arrests, massacres, deportations to forced labour and concentration camps, and expulsions, while in the Soviet-occupied part the Russians carried out deportations of Poles into the USSR. In April 1940, the Germans carried out mass deportations of local Polish intelligentsia to concentration camps, including Soldau, Sachsenhausen and Dachau.

Modern period
After World War II, Poland regained control over the territory. The area was administratively part of the Białystok Voivodeship until 1975, then the Suwałki Voivodeship until 1998, and since 1999 it is located in the Podlaskie Voivodeship.

The area is still inhabited by the Lithuanian minority. Lithuanians are concentrated in the Sejny County where they accounted for 20.2% of the population in 2011 and exceeded 10% of the inhabitants in two communes – Gmina Puńsk (73.4%) and Gmina Sejny (15.5%). There are Lithuanian schools and cultural societies present in the Suwałki region and the Lithuanian language is spoken in the offices in the commune of Puńsk.

Countryside
The Suwałki Region has many lakes and forests and is considered a relatively undeveloped region in Poland.

Towns:
 * Suwałki
 * Augustów
 * Sejny
 * Lipsk

Forests:
 * Augustów Primeval Forest
 * Romincka Forest

Lakes: Parks:
 * Hańcza
 * Wigry Lake
 * Kojle
 * Biebrza National Park
 * Puszcza Romincka Landscape Park
 * Suwałki Landscape Park
 * Wigry National Park

title: Suwałki Region


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Horley railway station

Horley railway station serves the town of Horley in Surrey, England. It is on the Brighton Main Line, 25 mi down the line from London Bridge via Redhill, and train services are provided by Thameslink and Southern.

There are 4 platforms, all 247 m long, capable of accepting 12-car-long trains.

History
The present Horley station is in fact the second in the town. The original station, constructed by the London and Brighton Railway, opened on 12 July 1841, was located 301 yd north of the present site, where the Factory Shop is. The first station was designed by David Mocatta and was on a larger scale than other intermediate stations on the line. Horley was situated almost midway between London and Brighton, and was chosen for the erection of the London and Brighton Railway carriage sheds and repair workshops. These were later moved to Brighton railway works. The station was enlarged in 1862 by addition of a second storey to the building. A canopy and footbridge were added in 1884.

The current Horley station opened 31 December 1905, to coincide with the quadrupling of the railway line by the London Brighton and South Coast Railway. The original station then became the Station Master's house and survived until the 1960s.

In the 1870s William Stroudley considered moving the locomotive works to Horley but was persuaded to keep them in Brighton. Nevertheless, the sidings at Horley were used for storing withdrawn locomotives and those awaiting repair until the First World War.

The Thameslink Programme turned over some of the Southern services over to the expanded Thameslink network currently operated by Govia Thameslink Railway. This project saw most services that previously terminated at London Bridge continuing through the Thameslink core in Central London and northwards via the Midland Main Line and East Coast Main Line to destinations such as Bedford and Peterborough.

Facilities

 * Concourse
 * Ticket Office (1 Window)
 * Quick Ticket
 * Café
 * Waiting Room (x2)
 * Telephone
 * Toilet (Unisex)
 * Car Park (x2)

Services
Off-peak, all services at Horley are operated by Thameslink using EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 2 tph to Bedford via London Bridge
 * 2 tph to Peterborough
 * 2 tph to Three Bridges
 * 2 tph to Horsham

During the peak hours, the station is served by an additional half-hourly Southern between London Victoria and Three Bridges. In addition, faster peak hour services towards Littlehampton now stop at the station.

During the night, the station is served by an hourly Thameslink service between Three Bridges and Bedford (not calling at London Bridge). This service runs on Sunday-Friday nights with an hourly Southern service to London Victoria on Saturday nights.

Although the station is outside Greater London, Oyster Pay as you go and contactless payment cards are valid. However, the station is outside the London Fare Zone area and as a result, special fares apply.

title: Horley railway station


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Mathias Steuchius

Mathias Steuchius (26 October 1644 – 2 August 1730) was Bishop of the Diocese of Lund, 1694 to 1714 and Archbishop of Uppsala in the Swedish Church from 1714 to his death.

Steuchius was born in Fogdö, and grew up in Härnösand in northern Sweden, where his father Petrus Erici Steuchius was superintendent. He was ordained a priest in 1672 and participated in the Riksdag of the Estates in 1672 and 1675 In 1676 he became professor of logic and metaphysics at the Uppsala University. He married in 1680. In 1683 his father died, and Steuchius superseded him. He worked as superintendent for twelve years, and put much effort into converting the Sami people.

In 1693 he was made doctor of theology in Uppsala, and in 1694 promoted to professor. But by June 1694 he was summoned to Lund, to be appointed Bishop of Lund.

At the death of Haquin Spegel, Steuchius was elected new archbishop in 1714. He worked in Uppsala until his death in 1730.

Steuchius was known as a devoted and righteous man by his way of living and teaching.

title: Mathias Steuchius


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Fania Marinoff

Fania Marinoff (Фаня Маринов; פאַניאַ מאַרינאָוו) (March 20, 1890 – November 17, 1971) was a Russian-American actress.

Life
Marinoff was born in Odessa, Russia, on March 20, 1890. She was born into a Jewish household, and she was the thirteenth child and seventh daughter born to Mayer and Leah Marinoff, who died shortly after she was born. At age 6, Marinoff, who was nicknamed Fanny as a child, was smuggled on board an overcrowded passenger ship headed to America. She arrived in Boston where she lived undernourished and uneducated. At the age of 8, Marinoff was sent to live with her older brother, Michael. While living with him and his wife, Marinoff was tortured on a regular basis. She was locked in dark rooms, which were infested with rats, for hours on end. A year later, Marinoff made her stage debut as a little boy in Cyrano de Bergerac at the El Itch Theater. This launched the beginning of what would be a 50-year career.

In 1914, Marinoff married American writer and photographer Carl Van Vechten. The two were introduced through mutual friends in the summer of 1912 in New York City. Shortly after meeting, they formed a strong bond. Within the first year together, Van Vechten told Marinoff that she was more than he could have dreamed of, saying she was “the only one that I have ever found who completely satisfies me.” From the beginning of their relationship, Marinoff was aware of Van Vechten's homosexual desires. Although Marinoff had attained great recognition before meeting Van Vechten, once married, she found herself living in Van Vechten's shadow. To many she was known as simply “Carlo’s wife”. The couple played a prominent role in the Harlem Renaissance.

Nella Larsen dedicated her book Passing to Marinoff and Van Vechten.

Career 1903–1945
Marinoff played supporting and lead roles in dozens of Broadway plays between 1903 and 1937, seven U.S. silent movies between 1914 and 1917, and three short films in 1915.

Marinoff was an actress and dancer for almost 50 years. Her career bloomed when she became the lead actress in the Greenwich Village Players. She was well known for her movie roles in One of Our Girls (1914), The Galloper (1915) and Life's Whirlpool (1917). On stage, she played lead in the original play Karen (1918) as well as Antony and Cleopatra (1937) and Pillars of Society (1931).

During her career, she took an eight-year break because of her heavy drinking, she told an interviewer. In the last few years of her career, she volunteered at the Stage Door Canteen entertaining troops from 1942 to 1945. After retiring from acting, she and her husband remained active in artistic circles.

Death
Marinoff died in 1971 in Englewood, New Jersey, from pneumonia.

Partial filmography

 * One of Our Girls (1914)
 * The Unsuspected Isles (1915)
 * Nedra (1915)
 * The Money Master (1915)
 * McTeague (1916)
 * New York (1916)
 * The Rise of Jennie Cushing (1917)

title: Fania Marinoff


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Ciarán of Clonmacnoise

Saint Ciarán of Clonmacnoise (c. 516 – c. 549), supposedly born Ciarán mac an tSaeir ("son of the carpenter"), was one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland and the first abbot of Clonmacnoise. He is sometimes called Ciarán the Younger to distinguish him from the 5th-century Saint Ciarán the Elder who was bishop of Osraige. His name produced many variant spellings, including Ceran, Kieran, Queran and Queranus.

Life

Ciarán was born in around 516 in County Roscommon, Connacht, in Ireland. His father was a carpenter and chariot maker. As a boy, Ciarán worked as a cattle herder.

He was a student of Finian's at Clonard and in time became a teacher, himself. Columba of Iona said of Ciarán, "He was a lamp, blazing with the light of wisdom." In about 534, he left Clonard for Inishmore where he studied under Enda of Aran, who ordained him a priest and advised him to build a church and monastery in the middle of Ireland. Later, he travelled to Senan on Scattery Island (in about 541). In 544, he finally settled in Clonmacnoise, where he founded the Monastery of Clonmacnoise with ten fellow companions. As abbot, he worked on the first buildings of the monastery; however, he died about seven months later of a plague, in his early thirties. His feast day is 9 September.

Legends
Various legends are connected to St Ciarán. One of the most famous relates that it was his cow – which he took with him as payment when he went to Clonard and gave milk to all at the Abbey – which supplied the parchment for the Leobr na h'Uidre, Book of the Dun Cow, one of the oldest and most important Irish literary collections, compiled by a Clonmacnoise scribe in 1106.

One story tells that he lent his copy of the Gospel of St Matthew to fellow-student St Ninnidh. When Finnian tested the class, Ciarán knew only the first half of the Gospel. The other students laughed and called him "Ciarán half-Matthew." St Finnian silenced them and said, "Not Ciarán half-Matthew, but Ciarán half-Ireland, for he will have half the country and the rest of us will have the other half."

Another tale relates that as a student, a young fox would take his writings to his master, until it was old enough to eat his satchel. Yet another tale tells of the other Irish saints envying him to such a degree that every one of them (apart from St Columba) prayed for his early death; and finally, he is supposed to have told his followers that upon his death, they were to leave his bones upon the hillside, and to preserve his spirit rather than his relics.

Legacy
The monastery at Clonmacnoise became one of the most important centres of learning and religious life in Ireland. Unusually, the title of abbot – which included the title "Comarba of Saint Ciarán" – at the community was not hereditary, which reflected the humble origins of its founder. It managed to survive the plunderings of the Viking raids and the Anglo-Norman wars, and was only destroyed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, in 1552. The ruins still exist, and remain a centre of civic and religious activity to this day.

The treasures of Ciarán's shrine were dispersed throughout the Medieval era; although the Clonmacnoise Crozier still exists and is stored in the National Museum of Ireland.

The Celtic scholar Charles Plummer suggested that Ciaran of Clonmacnoise was the patron saint of Cornwall Saint Piran challenging the broadly accepted belief that he was Ciaran of Saigir. The difference in spelling is for dialect or linguistical reasons between the two Insular Celtic languages. Brytonic was categorized as P-Celtic, as it replaced the harder ‘c’ or k sound in the Goidelic languages with the softer letter ‘p’. On the other hand, Goidelic was seen by scholars as being Q-Celtic, as the earliest Ogham inscriptions used a 'Q' transcribed by Queirt, which represented the Apple Tree to phonetically pronounce the k sound, although Q was later replaced by the letter 'C' in the Old Irish alphabet.

Saint Ciarán of Clonmacnoise has a strong connection with Campbeltown, Argyll and Bute in Scotland. Campbeltown was formerly known as Ceann Loch Chille Chiarain which means "head of the loch by the kirk of Ciarán" Pilgrims frequently take place were tourists visit a cave associated with the Saint near Island Davaar. The Saint is believed to have lived for a time in an area that would later become known as Campbeltown at the same time as the legendary king Fergus Mór was establishing the kingdom of the Scottish Dál Riata, after invading Argyll from Ireland.

Some have suggested that the saint name of Ciaran is a Christianized version of the earlier pagan god of Cernunnos. The name Cernunnos is the Old Irish word for ‘The horned one’, Goidelic languages being one of two Celtic languages still surviving of close relation to Proto Celtic. The pagan god has many similar traits mostly to Ciaran of Saighir, both were known as tamers of wild animals and heavily connected to the wild and forests. Ciaran spent his early years as a Christian hermit in forests surrounded by the wild animals of the woods, who were said to have been his first pupils. The animals helped Ciaran construct his first cell in the woods, as result the saint always remembered them all as being the first brother monks of his little monastery. Cernunnos had strong connections with the underworld, he was born on the darkiest day of the year, the winter Solstice and during the winter he was known as ‘The Dark Man’, the god who dwells in the House Beneath the Hill, the Underworld. In the spring he was known as Green Man, the god of the forest and the wild. The Pagan faith of the Wicca have the belief that the horned god is born on Winter Solstice, 21 December and dies on Samhain, 31 October. There has also been attempts to connect Cernunnos with Arawn, another key horned figure of the underworld or otherworld, known as ‘Lord of the Dark Forest’ in Welsh mythology and also the pagan god may have been the who Herne the Hunter in English folklore was based upon. In Continental Christianity in general the old pagan/Pre Christian worship of Cernunnos was regarded as demonic but some of his traits can be seen preserved in Celtic Christianity. A carving of the Pre-Christian god of Cernunnos is displayed on the east face of the shaft of the North cross, the oldest of the three extant crosses at Clonmacnoise.

title: Ciarán of Clonmacnoise


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Eric Wareheim

Eric Alexander Wareheim (born April 7, 1976) is an American comedian, actor, writer, director, musician, and winemaker. He is best known as one half of the comedy duo Tim & Eric, alongside Tim Heidecker. He also had a recurring role on the Netflix series Master of None.

Early life and education
Wareheim was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on April 7, 1976, the son of Dave and Edeltraud Wareheim. He has a sister, Jessica. When he was young, his family moved to Audubon, Pennsylvania, where he grew up. His maternal grandparents lived in Germany, and his family would travel to Germany often to visit them. He graduated from Methacton High School in Norristown, Pennsylvania.

He later attended Temple University, where he met his comedy partner Tim Heidecker and produced his first film, shot on the Jersey Shore.

Tim & Eric
Wareheim and Heidecker are the creators, writers, and stars of Tom Goes to the Mayor, a limited animation that was on the Adult Swim programming block on Cartoon Network. Wareheim and Heidecker had mailed copies of an early version of the show to comedian Bob Odenkirk, who agreed to take on the project as the executive producer of the series and sold it to Cartoon Network.

The Tim and Eric name reached a broader audience with the release of Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job! which premiered on February 11, 2007. The show is a mix of "live action, sketch, animation, emotions, phone calls, love, etc." according to their website. The creators have described the show as the "nightmare version of television".

In July 2008, The New York Times reported that the duo was in the process of developing a surreal game show series starring Neil Hamburger, titled The New Big Ball with Neil Hamburger. Wareheim described it as a mix between "Japanese bizarre game show and The Price Is Right." In late July 2009, Neil Hamburger posted a blog on MySpace stating that a pilot had been filmed, but that Adult Swim was not satisfied and had "pulled the plug on the project."

On May 2, 2010, the "Man Milk" episode of Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job! wrapped season 5 of the show. Though this would be the last serial content for the show, there was an hour-long holiday program titled "Chrimbus Special" that gave fans a last glimpse at the TV program. It was the second show Wareheim both produced and starred in which aired during Cartoon Network's Adult Swim block.

Between May and June 2010, six episodes of an Awesome Show spin-off produced in part by Wareheim, Check It Out! with Dr. Steve Brule, were aired on Cartoon Network. The show parodied local newscasts. According to Heidecker, John C. Reilly had the original idea of giving the Dr. Steve character an entire show.

Wareheim also co-directed, wrote and starred in Tim and Eric's Billion Dollar Movie with Tim Heidecker.

Music
Wareheim played in several Philadelphia area bands, including the new wave punk band Twelve Tone System, of which Tim Heidecker was also briefly a member. Wareheim briefly played rhythm guitar for the duo Adam and Justine in the 1990s. Wareheim was also the principal songwriter for The Science Of and had been a member of Elements of Need, I Am Heaven, and briefly with the legendary Vampire-themed punk band Ink & Dagger. He currently is involved with the band Sola.

Television
Wareheim made an appearance in Aqua Teen Hunger Force as the Germ-Master, along with Heidecker as a basketball.

Wareheim, along with Tim Heidecker, also directed the 2010 Super Bowl commercial, The Shuffle, for Boost Mobile and most recently a series of Old Spice commercials with actor Terry Crews.

They also made an appearance in an episode of The Simpsons as Amus Bruse and Fois Garth.

Wareheim and Heidecker appeared together as Debt Collectors on the Adult Swim special, The Young Persons Guide to History, and have made guest appearances in the movie Let's Go to Prison, as well as the Scottish video game series VideoGaiden and a Version 2 episode of Mega64. Wareheim also played a recurring role in Michael Cera's and Clark Duke's Internet TV show Clark and Michael as Randy, the neighbor of the titular duo.

Using characters and skits from Awesome Show, Heidecker and Wareheim (via their Abso Lutely Productions company) created an online-only show called Tim and Eric Nite Live!, originally broadcast on the website SuperDeluxe.

In 2015, Wareheim co-starred as Arnold Baumheiser in the Netflix comedy series Master of None. He appeared in six episodes and directed four episodes of the first season. In 2017, he appeared in seven episodes and directed one episode of the show's second season.

In 2019, Wareheim starred as a man claiming to be "reality" in a series of Oculus Quest commercials.

Other activities
In 2021, Wareheim ventured into the world of cooking, a longtime hobby of his, with his cookbook Foodheim: A Culinary Adventure. Part of his promotion for the book is a webseries called Heimy's House where he prepares recipes from the book. The first (and currently only) episode of the series featured a guest appearance by Tim Heidecker.

Music videos

 * "Polite Dance Song" – The Bird and the Bee (2007)
 * "You Don't Know Me" – Ben Folds (feat. Regina Spektor) (co-directed by Tim Heidecker) (2008)
 * "Dance Floor Dale" – a music video for the song "Parisian Goldfish" by Flying Lotus (2008)
 * "Parisian Goldfish" – Flying Lotus (2008) (Co-directed with Eric Fensler)
 * "The Youth" – MGMT (2008)
 * "If I Never See Your Face Again (Swizz Beatz Remix)" – Maroon 5 (2008)
 * "Dropped" – Phantom Planet (2009)
 * "She's Got Me Dancing" – Tommy Sparks (2009)
 * "Keep it Goin' Louder" – Major Lazer (2009)
 * "Pon De Floor" – Major Lazer (2009)
 * "Buffalo Stance" – Need New Body
 * "Hole to Feed" – Depeche Mode (2009)
 * “Tall Boy” – Har Mar Superstar (2009) (Cameo; Directed by Tomorrow’s Brightest Minds)
 * "We Are Water" – Health (2010)
 * "Wishes" – Beach House (2013)
 * "Backpacker Bush" – Dutch Boys featuring Twankstar (2013)
 * "Bubble Butt" – Major Lazer (2013)
 * "Die" – Babes (2014)
 * "Streaker" – Tobacco (2014)
 * "HAM" – Mr. Oizo (2014)
 * "Famous" – Charli XCX (2015)
 * "Dripping" – Blonde Redhead (2016)
 * "5 Ways" – Shakewell (2021) (Cameo; Directed by Dan Streit)

Discography

 * (2008) Awesome Record, Great Songs! (by Tim and Eric)

Awards

 * Webby Award for best actor as part of the comedy team of Tim and Eric

title: Eric Wareheim


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Fåvang

Fåvang is a village in Ringebu Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located in the Gudbrandsdal valley, along the Gudbrandsdalslågen river, about 50 km north of the town of Lillehammer. The European route E6 highway runs through the village, right along the river. The 0.96 km2 village has a population (2021) of 720 and a population density of 750 PD/km2.

History
Fåvang Stave Church (Fåvang kirke) was built after the Reformation, for the most part of using materials from earlier stave churches in the valley which had been demolished. The church was probably built between 1627 and 1630. The oldest parts can be dated back to around 1150–1250.

Particularly heavy fighting took place in Fåvang, as well as neighboring Tretten, Vinstra, Kvam, Sjoa and Otta during the Norwegian Campaign which led up to the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. The Norwegian movie Jonny Vang was principally filmed in the town of Fåvang during 2003.

Fåvang is located about 3 km away from Kvitfjell, the downhill skiing arena used in the Lillehammer Winter Olympics held in 1994.

Name
The village (and church parish) is named after the old Fåvang farm (Fǫðvangr) since the first Fåvang Church was built there. The first element is the river name Få (see also Fådalen and the old name of Lysakerelva) and the last element is vangr which means 'meadow'.

Notable residents

 * Finn Kalvik, artist

title: Fåvang


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Lloyd Center/Northeast 11th Avenue station

Lloyd Center/Northeast 11th Avenue is a light rail station on the MAX Blue, Green and Red Lines in Portland, Oregon. It is the 10th stop eastbound on the Eastside MAX. The station is located on the 1200 block of Northeast Holladay Street in Lloyd District.

The station serves the Lloyd Center shopping mall to the north; between the station and the mall is Holladay Park. The station also serves Benson Polytechnic High School to the south.

From its opening in 1986 until 2012, the station was located in TriMet fare zone 1, and starting in 2001 it was also within Fareless Square (renamed the Free Rail Zone in 2010). However, effective September 1, 2012, TriMet discontinued the free-ride zone and all use of zones in its fare structure.

Bus line connections
As of September 2012, this station is served by the following bus lines:
 * 8 - Jackson Park/NE 15th
 * 70 - 12th/NE 33rd Ave
 * C-Tran 157 - Lloyd District Express

11th Avenue spur
To the northwest of the station is a short spur track on Northeast 11th Avenue now used only for temporary storage of MAX trains for use after major Rose Quarter events. The spur was built for use by the Portland Vintage Trolley, and from 1991 to 2009 that was its primary use. At the end of the spur, at the southern edge of Multnomah Street, is a small platform for use by Vintage Trolley (VT) cars, that service's Northeast 11th Avenue station, and it was equipped with a shelter. However, in September 2009, the Vintage Trolley service moved to a new route along the Portland Transit Mall, and with that change the faux-vintage cars only went to and from the NE 11th Avenue stop at the beginning and end of each VT operating day (of which there were about 25 in 2010, but reduced to only seven in 2011) and otherwise operated solely within downtown Portland. The Vintage Trolley service was discontinued entirely in July 2014.


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User talk:12345654321

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. andy 11:09, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. andy 11:17, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:12345654321


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Tabor College (Kansas)

Tabor College is a private Mennonite college in Hillsboro, Kansas, United States. It is owned and operated by the U.S. Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches and adheres to Anabaptist doctrine. There were 594 students enrolled at the Tabor College Hillsboro campus for the Fall 2014 semester. Total enrollment, including the Tabor College School of Adult and Graduate Studies in Wichita, was 766.

History
In 1908, Tabor College was founded by the Mennonite Brethren and Krimmer Mennonite Brethren Christian churches.

In 1961, Reimer Stadium was built on the south side of Tabor College campus and named after former athletic director Del Reimer. In 2008, the old stadium was demolished then replaced by Joel Wiens Stadium in 2009, which was a joint venture between Tabor College and Hillsboro USD 410. The new 3,000-seat stadium includes new artificial football and soccer turf, synthetic track and a throwing area for field events, new bleachers on the home side, a new press box, and new concession stand and restroom facilities. The team locker rooms and athletic offices were also constructed at the north end of the stadium at college expense.

On March 1, 2019, it was announced that Tabor plans to relocate their online programs from Wichita to the Hillsboro campus.

Campus
Tabor's main campus is situated in Hillsboro, Kansas, located approximately 50 miles north of Wichita, Kansas.

Organization and administration
Tabor is owned and operated by the Mennonite Brethren Church.

Athletics
The Tabor athletic teams are called the Bluejays. The college is a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference (KCAC) since the 1968–69 academic year.

Tabor competes in 20 intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, soccer, tennis and track & field (indoor and outdoor); while women's sports include basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, tennis, track & field (indoor and outdoor) and volleyball; and co-ed sports include cheerleading.

Notable people

 * Faculty
 * Mike Gottsch, former head football coach at Tabor College.
 * Katie Funk Wiebe, writer
 * Alumni
 * Donald Dahl, (1945–2014) – Kansas House of Representatives from 1997 to 2008, U.S. Navy.
 * Bob Glanzer (1945–2020) – South Dakota House of Representatives from 2017 to his death from COVID-19.
 * Rolland Lawrence (b. 1951) – former professional football cornerback.
 * Lane Lord (b. 1971), women's basketball coach at Pittsburg State University
 * Theodore Schellenberg (1903–1970) – archivist and archival theorist.
 * Martha Wall (1910–2000) - Christian medical missionary
 * Jacob Webb (b. 1993) - Major League Baseball pitcher
 * Roger Wollman (b. 1934) - United States federal appellate judge.

title: Tabor College (Kansas)


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Peter Helliar

Peter Jason Matthew Helliar (born 16 June 1975) is an Australian comedian, actor, television, radio presenter, writer, producer and director. He is best known for his work on television as a former regular co-host of The Project on Network Ten from January 2014 to December 2022, replacing previous presenter Dave Hughes to host alongside Carrie Bickmore, Waleed Aly and Lisa Wilkinson. Helliar also appeared with Rove McManus as his sidekick on The Loft Live from 1997 to 1998, on Rove from 1999 and 2009 and in Before the Game as alter ego Bryan Strauchan. Helliar initially worked the Melbourne comedy circuit in the mid-1990s, performing in various venues and the annual Melbourne International Comedy Festival. He has performed in numerous television ads, most notably for Fernwood Fitness. Helliar has been nominated for the Gold Logie, a prestigious award bestowed upon the Most Popular Personality on Television in 2017.

Television
Helliar has made guest appearances on Melbourne International Comedy Festival, The Loft Live, Rove, The Morning Show, Studio 10, Show Me the Movie!, Celebrity Name Game, All Star Family Feud, Have You Been Paying Attention? and Hughesy, We Have a Problem.

In 1997, Helliar became a regular stand-up comic on RMITV's weekly variety show Under Melbourne Tonight broadcast on C31 Melbourne, hosted by Stephen Hall and Vincent Hedger.

In 1998, Helliar became a regular on Melbourne community television RMITV's weekly variety show The Loft Live broadcast on C31 Melbourne, hosted by Rove McManus and including other well known Melbourne comedians such as Dave Hughes, Kim Hope, and Dave Callan. He appeared as a live on-screen guest as well as scripting and recording skits for live playback.

Helliar rose to national attention in 1999, when he became a regular (aka side-kick) to Rove McManus on Rove, which aired on the Nine Network. In 2000, the show moved networks to Channel Ten, where Helliar and the show remained until its ending in late 2009. Helliar also wrote for the show.

In 2003 and 2004, Helliar was part of an ensemble cast in the comedy sketch program skitHOUSE that ran on Network Ten as well as being sold overseas.

In 2010, Helliar joined the Seven Network to appear on their new "family-friendly" football show, The Bounce, alongside Leigh Matthews and Matthew Richardson. The series was cancelled after just a few weeks.

On 18 May 2010, Helliar was guest co-host on The Morning Show, alongside Kylie Gillies, while Larry Emdur was on holidays. In the summer of 2010 and 2011, he hosted the quiz show The Trophy Room that aired on ABC1.

In 2013, Helliar created, wrote, co-produced and co-directed his own eight-episode comedy series titled It's a Date. It was a strong performer and earned a second season for 2014. The show won the 'Best Scripted Format Award' in the International Format Awards at MIPCOM 2013 in Cannes.

On 7 December 2013, Helliar appeared as one of the co-hosts of The Project from 2014 to 2022, replacing Dave Hughes who had resigned to concentrate on stand-up comedy.

In 2017, Helliar hosted the unsuccessful game show Cram!, broadcast on Channel Ten. The show was very poorly received by viewers, and although a second series was reportedly in the pipeline despite low ratings, it never materialized.

In November 2018, a comedy series How to Stay Married, a spinoff of the aforementioned It's a Date, was released. Created and co-written by Helliar, the series explores life after 15 years of marriage, and starred Peter Helliar as Greg Butler and Lisa McCune as Em Butler. The series aired for three series before being rested in 2021.

From 2 April 2023, Helliar appeared as a contestant in the ninth season of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. Helliar was eliminated seventh on 25 April 2023.

In July 2023, it was announed that Helliar will be a contestant on the second series of Taskmaster Australia. A new season was filmed to replace that season as the second season, with Helliar's season being pushed to the third season, which will air in the second half of 2024.

In May 2024, Network 10 announced that Helliar would appear as a celebrity contestant on the forthcoming eighth season of The Amazing Race Australia, with his wife Bridget. It is the second celebrity season of the show.

Radio
Between 1998 and 2000, he was a regular guest on the ABC's national youth network Triple J.

In 2002, the Austereo radio network signed Peter Helliar to appear alongside TV colleagues Rove McManus and Corinne Grant on the weekly program Saturday Morning Rove, broadcasting from Fox FM every Saturday from 10 am to midday after being pre-recorded the day before. In 2004, the program moved to Friday mornings, allowing live phone callers, and was re-titled Rove Live Radio. It was discontinued at the end of 2004.

In 2004, Austereo announced that Helliar will join Judith Lucy and Kaz Cooke to host The Judith Lucy Show on Sydney station 2Day FM. The breakfast program was discontinued after its first year.

Still signed to Austereo, Helliar also appeared on the Melbourne-based The Arvo, a daily program broadcast out of Fox FM between 4 pm and 6 pm and networked to other capital cities. It was discontinued in June 2005.

He also has done his own show called Pete's Show, which aired on 10 am – 12 pm on Fridays across the Today Network.

Helliar filled in for Merrick and Rosso, along with Rove McManus, for their breakfast daily show on Sydney's Nova 96.9 whilst they were on holiday. Helliar also filled in for Kate Langbroek on Hughesy & Kate on Melbourne's Nova 100, while Kate was on maternity leave. It was announced by co-host Dave Hughes that Helliar would begin making appearances on the show every Thursday morning.

In 2008, Helliar began presenting the Triple M Melbourne breakfast spot with Myf Warhurst called Pete & Myf, but the show was axed in July 2009.

Since July 2022, Helliar has hosted the podcast Family Feud: The Podcast for iHeartRadio.

Films
In 2010, a romantic comedy film called I Love You Too was released. The screenplay was written by Helliar, and he also co-starred in and co-produced the film.

In 2012, Helliar appeared in the Australian comedy film Scumbus.

Alter ego
For the 2005 AFL season, Helliar created an alter ego named Bryan Strauchan (aka "Strauchanie") who debuted on the television show Before the Game. The character was the supposedly last pick in the 2004 AFL national draft but never managed to get a game for his new club, Collingwood. His name is pronounced (Strawn/Strawny).

For the role, Helliar dons a blonde mullet wig and attempts to play up an Australian bogan stereotype. The comedy is achieved by self-effacing humour, putting Strauchan in situations that highlight his weight, lack of fitness and general inability, while his egotistical personality and delusions of grandeur mean he is completely unaware of these weaknesses. The character of Strauchanie has made several subsequent appearances across different media and has made numerous appearances to support an array of charities.

In the 2009 'EJ Whitten Legends' football match, Helliar broke his ankle late in the game after being tackled. He suggested that this could be the end of his career. "You could be seeing the end of a great career. Doctors say I won't walk again unless there's two blokes on either side of me. I will always stay involved in football; maybe even coach."

Personal life
Peter grew up in Bundoora, Victoria and attended school at Parade College.

Helliar is married to Bridget "Brij" Helliar, and they have three sons. In 2013, Peter and Bridget, together with their three young sons, backpacked around Eastern Europe. Peter summed up the experience by saying "Backpacking with your kids is tough work but hugely rewarding for everyone. Just like parenting, really."

In 2007, he sold a property he owned in Montmorency. In 2016, Helliar sold a luxury property they owned in Plenty. Helliar currently lives in the suburb of Ivanhoe in Melbourne, Victoria.

title: Peter Helliar


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Luman Reed

Luman Reed (1787–1836) was a successful American merchant and an important patron of the arts. His support for the painters George Whiting Flagg and Thomas Cole were particularly significant contributions to the development of American painting during the early 19th century. He also commissioned works from artists such as Asher B. Durand.

Biography
Reed was born on a farm in Green River (in the area that is now Austerlitz), New York. He began his business career as a store clerk in the Hudson River village of Coxsackie, New York, where his family relocated (c. 1789) before moving to New York City in 1815. There he became one of the city's most prominent merchants with the Front Street dry-goods firm he established with various partners, the last being Jonathan Sturges (1802–1874). With his wealth, Reed assembled in the course of six years one of the earliest and most significant collections of European and American art in the United States, which he displayed in a specially designed two-room gallery in his house on Greenwich Street in lower Manhattan. [[File:The_Course_of_Empire_Installation_Diagram.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Painter Thomas Cole's 1833 sketch for the arrangement of the series "The Course of Empire" paintings around Luman Reed's fireplace:

Philanthropy
Making his mark as a patron of both established and aspiring contemporary American artists, Reed attempted to nurture the creation of a national artistic culture as sophisticated and accomplished as that of Europe. His interest in landscape painting and portraiture notwithstanding, Reed was also an avid collector of genre paintings depicting scenes from everyday life.

In 1844, his substantial collection was purchased by a group of his associates in New York with the intention to form a public art collection, later the New York Gallery of Fine Arts. The collection was later donated to the New-York Historical Society in 1858. It is one of the most important early 19th-century collections of American art that survives intact.

title: Luman Reed