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Acipenser

Acipenser is a genus of sturgeons. With 17 living species (others are only known from fossil remains), it is the largest genus in the order Acipenseriformes. The genus is paraphyletic, containing all sturgeons that do not belong to Huso, Scaphirhynchus, or Pseudoscaphirhynchus, with many species more closely related to the other three genera than they are to other species of Acipenser. They are native to freshwater and estuarine systems of Eurasia and North America, and most species are threatened. Several species also known to enter near-shore marine environments in the Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific oceans.

This is an ancient genus, with fossil species known as far back as the Late Cretaceous. In fact, the fossils of two species (A. praeparatorum and A. amnisinferos) are known from mass mortality assemblages immediately following the Chicxulub impact, the beginning of the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event.

Living species
There are 17 living species:

 * Acipenser baerii J. F. Brandt, 1869
 * Acipenser baerii baerii J. F. Brandt, 1869 (Siberian sturgeon)
 * Acipenser baerii baicalensis A. M. Nikolskii, 1896 (Baikal sturgeon)
 * Acipenser baerii stenorrhynchus A. M. Nikolskii, 1896 (Yenisei sturgeon)
 * Acipenser brevirostrum Lesueur, 1818 (Shortnose sturgeon)
 * Acipenser dabryanus A. H. A. Duméril, 1869 (Yangtze sturgeon)
 * Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817 (Lake sturgeon)
 * Acipenser gueldenstaedtii J. F. Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833 (Russian sturgeon)
 * Acipenser medirostris Ayres, 1854 (Green sturgeon)
 * Acipenser mikadoi Hilgendorf, 1892 (Sakhalin sturgeon)
 * Acipenser naccarii Bonaparte, 1836 (Adriatic sturgeon)
 * Acipenser nudiventris Lovetsky, 1828 (Fringebarbel sturgeon)
 * Acipenser oxyrinchus Mitchill, 1815
 * Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi Vladykov, 1955 (Gulf sturgeon)
 * Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus Mitchill, 1815 (Atlantic sturgeon)
 * Acipenser persicus Borodin, 1897 (Persian sturgeon)
 * Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758 (Sterlet, Sterlet sturgeon)
 * Acipenser schrenckii J. F. Brandt, 1869 (Japanese sturgeon)
 * Acipenser sinensis J. E. Gray, 1835 (Chinese sturgeon)
 * Acipenser stellatus Pallas, 1771 (Starry sturgeon)
 * Acipenser sturio Linnaeus, 1758 (European sea sturgeon)
 * Acipenser transmontanus J. Richardson, 1836 (White sturgeon)

Fossil species
There are 9 species known from fossil remains:

 * †Acipenser albertensis Lambe 1902
 * †Acipenser amnisinferos Hilton & Grande 2022
 * †Acipenser eruciferus Cope, 1876
 * Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817 (also living)
 * †Acipenser gigantissimus Nessov 1997
 * †Acipenser molassicus Probst 1882
 * †Acipenser praeparatorum Hilton & Grande 2022
 * †Acipenser ornatus Leidy 1873
 * Acipenser oxyrinchus Mitchell 1815 (also living)
 * †Acipenser tuberculosus Probst 1882
 * †Acipenser toliapicus Agassiz 1844 ex Woodward 1889

title: Acipenser


text:
Talk:Dieselboy

Broken Links
Website listed under Background Information is broken, does anyone have an updated link or should it be removed? jbaker88 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.201.127.82 (talk) 21:51, 28 November 2018 (UTC)

Change
changed the dates on the PotD thing, he's still doing that.Random_hero_313

The article should mention that he is the son of the well known trop rock icon Bertie Higgins (key largo etc).

I made a couple of minor edits to improve sentence structure. --Myrkabah

terrible picture
please remove that and find something better. that's awful.
 * yeah its pretty bad, lol. found a better one yet?

better to leave it blank until something better is found. it makes wiki look terrible. i'm removing that pictuer again. Themindset 22:17, 5 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I was kidding. The photograph is perfectly fine, don't remove it again without community consensus.  —RaD Man (talk) 01:11, 6 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok this is stating my intention to remove these photographs, apparently i'm not following rad man's procedure by removing obviously TERRIBLE pictures that INCLUDE THE PERSON WHO'S POSTING THEM posing with "celebrities". please give your arguments here for not removing them. otherwise, they will be removed. Themindset 02:52, 6 May 2005 (UTC)
 * These people are musicians, not swimsuit models — the photographs are perfectly fine. Perhaps you should seek the opinion of a third party, but I see nothing wrong with this picture or any of the others you've unilaterally removed from Wikipedia.  —RaD Man (talk) 08:10, 6 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Remove the pic. Pictures IMO should be "official" portraits or show the person in question doing their thing. A picture of a fan posing with a celeb is vanity, not information. KatzenjammerKid 18:52, 7 May 2005 (UTC) 18:52, 7 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Do you expect me to take you seriously when this is your 4th edit to Wikipedia, ever? Under this acount name, of course.  Sorry, I gotta hitch a ride in my ROFLcopter.  —RaD Man (talk) 18:55, 7 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Rad Man are you trying to imply that I am "KatzenjammerKid"? Because I AM NOT, and I resent your attitude and implication. I jumped through hoops here to remove stuff that is obviously NOT IN THE SPIRIT OF WIKIPEDIA. And I'm not going to have you use some weird mental block to keep these pics up. THIRD OPINION HAS BEEN GIVEN ON THIS PICTURE. It will now be removed, and it's up to you to make an RFC if you want to put it back. Themindset 16:09, 9 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Rad Man, please stop putting that picture back. I have gotten third opinion and your opinion does not outwheigh the opinion of two. I have contacted Dieselboy and will be receiving pics authorized by him to be used on Wikipedia. Also, since you are disrespecting Wikipedia procedure, I have a filed an RFC for this page. Themindset 17:15, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Radman continues to put the pic back. So far opinion here expressed is two to one AGAINST the picture. Please stop this. Here's a question: do you think that this is an encyclopedia quality picture? Themindset 04:11, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

 * And I TOTALLY RESENT THE INSULT "SOCKPUPPET" BEING USED BY RADMAN. THIS IS MY LOGGED OUT IP 24.84.219.51 04:14, 11 May 2005 (UTC) I ONLY HAVE ONE ACCOUNT. I WILL ADD MY WORK IP TOMORROW FROM WORK. Themindset 05:13, 11 May 2005 (UTC) and this is my work IP 64.114.242.122 16:08, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Added OFFICIAL promo shot. Themindset 20:02, 19 May 2005 (UTC)

 * current picture as I look at it now (Image:Me & Dieselboy.jpg) is terrible, is this the one discussed above? Makes him look like a crackhead ( no offence Dieselboy ;] )  If this is the one Rad Man keeps re-adding then I support Themindset.  If this is the official promo shot, I question his selection of official promo shot! ;]  Stevekeiretsu 23:25, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

having met him, he always looks like thatRandom_hero_313

FWIW, the first thing I thought of when I saw this page was, "Wow, what a bad picture." It's grainy and doesn't clearly show his face. I'm sure we can all agree on another picture. I'm a long-time fan of Dieselboy and think he deserves better. Modul8r 19:50, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

reads like an official press release
''continued his rise... went on to release two best selling mixed CD's... steadily climbed the retail charts... ultra-successful 2002 release... This drum and bass powerhouse rocked venues ... showcasing this amazing crew of DJs.''

This article reads like an official bio released by his label. I mean, it's hard for me to argue with it in some regards, since it's mostly factual underneath (ie, yes, he did play a key role in dnb's expansion, etc). It's just somehow the actual language used seems completely hagiographic rather than neutral. "powerhouse"? "amazing"? "smashing dancefloors"? All very subjective stuff if you ask me. Would it be possible to rewrite it to be a bit more NPOV?

This is just an honest opinion of someone reading the article for the very first time. Like i say - I'm not wanting an article that gives him no credit for his achievements. Factual things like his cd selling more than any other dnb cd, or his nomination/tie with Bukem, are obviously fine. But at the moment the tone of the text is bordering on sycophantic.

Stevekeiretsu 23:21, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed, perhaps it is time to add a NPOV template, not sure which is more appropriate, just POV, NPOV language or Likeresume? —Kelly 16:29, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

 * likeresume seemed fitting, i stuck it in. Stevekeiretsu 00:02, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

For the record, I'm currently re-writing this article to be NPOV and not "read like a resume." Deptstoremook 15:44, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

Best Selling DnB Mix CD of All Time?
To date, his 'The 6th Session' is the best selling drum n' bass mix CD in the history of electronic music, followed by his ultra-successful 2002 release, 'projectHUMAN

Is there any varification on this? I think such a statement should be cited.

Substance D
Substance D is on this article twice and the one link that is there goes to the Scanner Darkly article.

If someone wants to make a separate article for the new mix CD, the tracklist is located at: http://www.downtownrivals.com/store/SystemRecordings/CDs/all/1690

Jboncha (talk) 22:48, 9 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Done: Substance D - Bognan72 (talk) 05:39, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

Discogoraphy, Track Listings
I've noticed that Maryishimotomorris added track listings for many of the compilation albums that Dieselboy has released. I think that it would be better suited to leave the track listings for seperate pages for each album. I've removed the track listings from the albums that already have their own pages. I've left the others untouched so that if either I or someone else starts pages for the these albums, we won't lose the entered data. Bognan72 (talk) 21:02, 21 June 2008 (UTC)

female voice of song Prologue on album The Dungeonmaster's Guide (Disc 1)
that voice is heard on the 1999 game Descent 3 on the intro movie, hear it here on youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_Ma7wL1vT4

YoURANGUlarTANgent (talk) 09:54, 7 June 2010 (UTC)

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COI tag (November 2023)
Edits by the subject of the article. Bilby (talk) 00:03, 30 November 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Dieselboy


text:
Truco

Truco, a variant of Truc, is a trick-taking card game originally from Valencia and the Balearic Islands, popular in South America and Italy. It is usually played using a Spanish deck. Two people may play, or two teams of two or three players each.

Card ranking

 * Ace of Swords ("Espada" in Southeast of Brazil, "Espadão" in Southern Brazil, "Ancho de espada" in Argentina, "Macho" (male) in Paraguay, "Espadilla" in Uruguay)
 * Ace of Clubs ("Hembra" (female) in Paraguay, "Ancho de basto" in Argentina, "Bastillo" in Uruguay, "Bastião" in Southern Brazil)
 * 7 of Swords ("Siete de espadas", "Siete bravo" in Uruguay, "Manilha de espada" in South of Brazil)
 * 7 of Coins (Siete de oros in Spanish or Sete ouro, Sete belo or Maneca de ouro in Portuguese, "Siete bello" in Uruguay)
 * 3s
 * 2s (known as "Perruchos" in Paraguay)
 * Ace of cups and ace of coins (Anchos falsos in Spanish, Ás falso in Southeast of Brazil, Gueime in South of Brazil, "Buempes" in Paraguay, "Copon" and "Huevo frito" respectively in Uruguay)
 * Kings (Reyes in Spanish and Reis in Portuguese) (12s)
 * Knights (Caballos in Spanish) (11s)
 * Jacks (Valetes in Brazil, Sotas in Argentina) (10s) (the face cards of King, Knight and Jack are called Cartas negras)
 * 7 of clubs and 7 of cups (Sietes falsos in Spanish or Sete copa (seven of cups) in Portuguese, all cards from here down are considered "Cartas blancas")
 * 6s
 * 5s
 * 4s (the 4 of clubs may be called Zap in the southeast of Brazil)

In southern and southeastern Brazil, the most popular variant, called Truco Paulista, uses dynamic card ranking. The ranks from the 3s and downwards remain the same, but the four trump cards, called manilhas, are decided by flipping one extra card up after dealing, called vira. The four cards conventionally ranked immediately above the flipped one (or, in the case of a flipped 3, the 4s) become the strongest cards. Their rank is as follows: clubs > cups > swords > coins. This variant is popular because it makes it harder to cheat and can potentially turn a bad hand into a great one once the card flips.

The Uruguayan version uses a "Muestra" each hand. The following cards of the same suit as the "Muestra" are ranked higher than the Ace of swords and are called "Piezas": 2, 4, 5, Knight, which in some regions is called Perico, worth 30 points, and the Jack, which in some regions is called Perica, worth 29 points. Finally, if any player has the King of the same suit as the "Muestra" and the "Muestra" is a "Pieza", the King becomes that card.

The Venezuelan version is similar to the Uruguayan version, exception that the "Piezas" 2, 4, and 5 are not used. The "Muestra", or "vira" as it is known in Venezuela is designated by turning over the top card of the deck after shuffle or optionally, the top card following the deal. "La Vira" is then placed beneath the deck at right angles to it so that it is visible during the hand. The suit of La Vira designates the suit of El Perico (the Knight) and La Perica (the Jack) which become the highest two cards in the game. The remaining three Knights and Jacks are ranked as initially specified.

Mano (Mão) and Pie (Pé)
In Truco with four or six players, two concepts govern which player begins the round and who ends it. The mano in Spanish or mão in Portuguese ("hand") is the one that plays first and the pie in Spanish or pé in Portuguese ("foot"), the dealer, is the last to play. The hand is always the player on the right of the foot. The turn to deal is then passed counterclockwise, so the hand of the first round is the foot of the second and so on. If playing in teams, partners sit opposite each other.

They can also refer, when playing in teams of two, which player of the partnership plays before and which after. This has no significance in the game, as the playing is always done counterclockwise. But it has strategic significance since the foot of a team is traditionally considered the "captain" of the partnership that round.

If the game is tied (for example, if two opponents have the same points for envido), the hand wins. That advantage is offset by the fact that, as the last one to play, the foot plays with all their opponent's cards in sight. Also, the foot and the one sitting to the foot's left call envido in a game of four or more. Then, the hand is the first one to call his points for envido.

Scoring
Players can earn points in three ways:
 * Truco - winning in the playing of the cards (the "tricks").
 * Envido - having the best combination of two cards of the same suit or a single card.
 * Flor - having all three cards of the same suit.

The points won by a player are added to their team's score (when playing in teams). Any bet, win, loss, or surrender by a player also affects their partners. For this reason, partnerships are usually formed by mutual arrangement. As in bridge, it is not rare for partners to share information using already established signs and gestures. Communication is usually performed through these standard gestures. Arranging a secret set of gestures is frowned upon.

Play
Each player is dealt three cards from a subset of the deck consisting of the numbers 1 to 7 and figures sota in Spanish or valete in Portuguese (jack, worth 10), caballo in Spanish or dama in Portuguese (equivalent to a queen, worth 11) and rey in Spanish or rei in Portuguese (king, worth 12).

The game may be played by two players. Two teams of two players may play; less commonly three teams of two can play. The players sit so that play alternates from one team to the other.

The game is played until a team finishes a game with 30 points or more. The 30 points are commonly split into two halves, the lower half called malas in Spanish or ruins in Portuguese (bad) and the higher half called buenas in Spanish or boas in Portuguese (good). Therefore, a team with 8 points would be ocho malas or oito ruins (8 bad ones), and a team with 21 points would be seis buenas or seis boas (6 good ones). However, because both teams can score points in one round, it is possible (but rare) for both teams to go over 30 points in one round. Usually as soon as one team goes over 30 points, the game is ended, to prevent a tie. However, sometimes the winner is the one with more points, otherwise another hand is played, until the tie is broken.

Each type of scoring can be bid on to score more points. Bids can be accepted, rejected or upped. Bluffing and deception are fundamental strategies.

Each round has three tricks. The mano leads to the first trick by playing one card. Then, counterclockwise, each other player plays one card. The player with the highest card wins the trick. The cards remain face-up on the table during the round. Sometimes the highest cards tie. If these tied cards were played by the same team, that team wins the trick. Otherwise, the trick is called a draw, parda. The same mano then leads the next trick.

Winning two of three tricks wins a round, equivalent to one point. If one team wins the first two tricks, the third is not played. But if one of the games ends in a parda, the team that won the earlier of the other two tricks wins the round (e.g. If trick 1 was won by A, trick 2 was won by B, and trick 3 was a draw, A wins the round for having won the earlier trick). That concept is often referred to as "primera vale doble" (first is worth double) If trick 1 is drawn and trick 2 is won by B, the winner of the round is B and a third trick is not played). In the case of two pardas (ties), the winner of the remaining trick wins the round. In case of three pardas, the mano wins the round. The winner of each round is the first to play the next card. If a round is tied, or "parda", the hand plays first.

During play, the teams have multiple opportunities to raise the stakes.
 * Truco - Any player can call truco at any stage to increase the value of the round to 2 points for the winner team. The challenged team says quiero to accept or no quiero to refuse; if refused, the round ends with the calling team winning one point.
 * Retruco - The team that answered quiero to the truco can call retruco to increase the value of the round to 3 points. It may be said immediately after truco or after accepting the bid. The other team must answer quiero or no quiero; if refused, the round ends with the calling team winning two points.
 * Vale cuatro - The team that answered the retruco can say this immediately after the retruco or after accepting it. This makes the round worth the maximum possible four points; if refused, the round ends with the calling team winning three points.

Truco must be accepted explicitly if playing strictly by the rules: if truco is said, the only way to accept it is by saying quiero, but in a friendly game the players may accept an informal answer such as veo, dale. To call retruco immediately, it is necessary first to say quiero (and the same is true when calling vale cuatro). Instead of saying explicitly quiero, a player can play a card and it is implied that they accepted. So, for example, the dialogue must be truco/quiero retruco/quiero vale cuatro, with none of these words omitted.

A player can play his card face up or face down, in which case it does not count towards the score. A card can be played face down in order to prevent opponents from deducing the value of a remaining card, possible if envido or flor/contraflor has been played. If a player does not want his opponents to know his cards, which can be done in order to trick them into raising their bets, they can play their card face down. This is not the same as irse al mazo (going to the deck), accepting defeat without finishing the hand.

Envido
In games of two people, envido must be said before the player plays a card. In team games, the foot and the player to the left of the foot are the ones who say envido (when they do, there are already cards played).

Envido bids have precedence before Truco bids. If one team calls Truco and the other calls Envido, the Envido dialogue must be completed (accepting, increasing or declining it) before the Truco.

When Envido is said, the challenged team/player can answer in any of these ways:
 * Quiero - accepts to take the bet.
 * Envido - accepts the 2 points of the first Envido and proposes to raise the bet by 2 points.
 * Real envido - accepts the 2 points of the first Envido and proposes to raise the bet by 3 points.
 * Falta envido - if the loser of the bet scores less than 15 points (or is in the "malas" half), the winner will get as many points as the loser needs to get to 15 points, and if the loser of the bet scores more than 15 points, the winner gets as many points as the loser needs to get to 30 points.
 * No quiero - refuses to take the last bet. Thus, the challenger team/player earns 1 point if no one raises, and the number of points that were accepted, plus the refuse point (e.g. Envido-Real Envido-No quiero is 3 worth points, and Envido-Envido-Real Envido-No quiero is worth 5 points).

For Real envido, the answers are the same, excepting Envido (because it would "lower" the bet). For Falta Envido, the answers are also the same as in Envido, excepting Envido and Real Envido (that leaves only Quiero and No quiero).

Unlike truco, Quiero and No quiero close the bidding, and Envido cannot be bid again. In the cases where the bidding is ended with Quiero, a comparison of the pairs (puntos de envido = "score of envido") is performed to see which team/player has the highest and wins the envido. To calculate the puntos de envido:
 * The score of a pair of the same suit is the sum of the values of the cards + 20, with the face cards, Kings (12s), Knights (11s) and Sotas (10s), worth 0.
 * If the player has no suit pair, then his puntos de envido is the value of his highest card, with Kings, Knights and Sotas worth 0.
 * If playing without Flor, in case of having three cards of the same suit, the puntos de envido are those of the highest pair of the hand.
 * A player is obliged to report his score correctly, even though that can be used later to deduce his cards. For example, if a player has already played a six of spades and they have 27 for envido, they are obliged to report the score correctly, although this reveals that they must hold the ace of spades. If the winner reports his score wrong, the points are given to the other team. The cards must be shown at or before the end of the hand.

The puntos de envido are told from the mano to the dealer player anticlockwise. A player can pass without stating their score if it is too low to win, thus avoiding revealing information about their cards. In case of a tie, the mano or the mano 's team has preference. If any player says son buenas ("They're good") on behalf of the team they admit defeat without stating their score. It is usual that while telling the puntos de envido, the partner of the player with the highest envido remains silent unless the other team says a higher envido. Then, the silent player either raises or folds.

After finishing the truco, the winner of envido has to show his cards by placing them on the table and announcing "[the amount of the envido] en mesa", or, in Argentina "las [the amount of the envido] jugadas" meaning that the announced cards have been played. Failure to do so may be noted by the other team who then takes the points.

The envido is referred to in conversation as tanto, as saying envido always counts as a bid.

Flor
A Flor is three cards of the same suit in the hand. Any player with Flor must announce it or risk a penalty. The player with the best Flor wins 3 points for each Flor. A player without a Flor cannot announce one (on the contrary to Envido, where any player can announce it).

The call for Flor can only be made before playing the first card, by simply saying Flor. Then, any other player having Flor must announce his/her own (play is suspended, so players without Flores wait until the bet is over), going anticlockwise and by saying any of:

 * Flor: A simple announcement. If nothing more is said, the team having the best Flor scores 3 points for each Flor announced this way or by an accepted ContraFlor (see below).
 * Con Flor me achico: A player announces that they have Flor, but surrenders on behalf of the team. The Flor bet is closed and the opponent team scores 3 points for their Flores and 1 for the player's surrender.
 * ContraFlor: A player announces Flor and challenges the opponent to answer (see below).
 * ContraFlor al resto: A player announces Flor and proposes to raise the bet to the number of points the leading team needs to win the game plus 3 for each Flor.

After calling ContraFlor, the challenged team must answer:
 * Con Flor quiero: the challenged team confirms that each Flor will be three points.
 * Con Flor me achico: The same as above.
 * ContraFlor al resto: See above.

After ContraFlor al resto, the answers are:
 * Con Flor quiero: Accepts raising the bet to the number of points the leading team needs to win plus 3 per each Flor.
 * Con Flor me achico: See above.

After the bet has been closed by saying con Flor quiero or con Flor me achico, players announce the Flores. The comparison between Flores is done as in Envido: the values of the three cards are added up plus 20 (Aces to 7 are worth the face value and Sotas, Knights and Kings, 0). When two Flores have the same suit, the one of that player playing earlier (counting anticlockwise) has precedence. If an earlier player announces a better Flor, it is usual to say son buenas, admitting defeat but without revealing information about their cards. At the end of the hand, the Flores must be shown.

As with all bets in Truco, each Flor (or surrender) is made on behalf of the team.

In Argentina, Truco is oftentimes played without Flor, called Sin Flor, or Sin Jardinera (without the gardenmaid).

Pedir Flor
This is a penalty for those players that, having a Flor, do not announce it. If a player suspects that another is hiding a Flor, he/she can challenge this player by saying Pido Flor. In the case that the player had actually a Flor, the challenger team earns three points. But, if the challenged player shows at least two different cards, his/her team earns one point.

Tricks
Truco players trick their opponents:

 * Playing fast and distracting them through constant conversation and jokes.
 * Raising the stakes and bluffing.
 * Asking questions with the words envido or truco while holding the cards (when holding cards, a player is active and can call a bet). For example, assuming players A and C form a team, and B and D the opposing team, Player A may bid envido and Player B may ask while being active -- "did he say envido?", which effectively raises the stakes. This may entice either A or C to quickly call "quiero", as they may have been fooled into thinking the raise was out of clumsiness and not really intended.
 * When holding both a high and a low card, the low is placed in front of the high a and allowing an opponent to glimpse it, to convince them a truco is possible.

Pica Pica
In a game of 6, sometimes Pica Pica is also played. Instead of two teams of three, opposing players pair up and play a game, adding the resulting points to their team's score. Usually Pica Pica is played every other game, but only if a team has 5 or more points, and no team has more than 20 (or 25). Pica Pica is also known as Punta y Hacha.

This is a way of finishing the game more quickly, because each pair in a pica pica plays a complete hand, with corresponding scores. Therefore, it is possible to have, for example, three vale cuatro in the same hand, which quickly raises scores. However, envidos and its raises are usually capped (usually 6 points).

Truco in Brazil
Truco is popular in Brazil, with many regional variations. The most known versions (Truco Paulista and Truco Mineiro) use a French deck and different rules. Truco Paulista can be known as Ponta Acima in some regions.

Truco in Brazil is mostly associated with college culture and lifestyle. Students typically sit on a table to play while drinking alcoholic beverages. This scene has been featured in advertising campaigns and it was included in the program of every University "Olympic" Games around the country, known as Jogos Universitários. Truco can be played by two, three and even four people in each team, which is thought to make it more exciting.

Brazilian Truco has a maximum score of 12 points, values hands and cards differently (depending on where the game is played). It is common to use a best-of-three games system.

Truco Paulista

Truco Paulista is a variety of Truco popular in Brazil, originally conceived in the state of São Paulo and is usually played between two teams of two players each. The game is won by the first team to reach 12 points. Each regular round is worth 1 point with some exceptions (see Pointing System).

One player is the first to shuffle and deal. The dealer is allowed to look at the faces of the cards before shuffling so as to be able to place certain cards at certain spots within the deck (e.g. placing the highest-ranking cards together). They are not allowed, however, to browse freely through the deck. After shuffling, the deck must be handed to the player to the left (the cortador), who can either reshuffle (without looking at the faces of the cards). cut it or do nothing. The deck (or the part of it chosen by the cortador) is then returned to the dealer who deals the cards from the top or bottom of the deck (this is chosen by the cortador). The cards must be dealt counter-clockwise, starting with the player to the dealer's right. They can be dealt one at a time or, most commonly, three at a time. If the cortador chooses not to reshuffle, they can deal their and their partner's cards in advance.

The players each play one card, starting with the player to the right of the dealer, the mão (hand) and ending with the dealer, called the pé (foot). The player who played the highest-ranked card wins the trick for the team and begins the subsequent trick.

The rounds consist of a best-of-three tricks. The team that wins two tricks wins the round and gets the point. If the first trick (or first and second tricks) ends in a tie, the winner of the next trick wins the round. If the second or third tricks end in a tie, the winner of the first trick wins the hand. In the rare occasion that all three tricks end in ties, nobody is awarded the point. In the case of a tie, the following trick is started by the player who tied the last trick.

Pointing System
At any point in Truco Paulista during the game any of the players can raise the stakes by saying truco. When a player asks for truco, the opposing team has three options: If the team chooses to ask for 6, the round is now worth six points. The opposing team (the one who asked for truco) has the same three options: This system goes on in this same pattern, with the players raising the stakes further to game and finally match.
 * Accept: the round is now worth three (3) points;
 * Fold: the team that asked for truco gets one point;
 * Raise the stakes even further by asking for 6 (this can also be done later at any point if the team chooses to accept the truco).
 * Accept: the round is now worth six points;
 * Fold: the team that asked for 6 gets three points;
 * Raise the stakes even further by asking for 9.

When one of the teams reaches 11 points, they play the mão-de-onze (round of eleven). In this round, the members of each team can see their partner's cards before the round begins and the team with eleven points may choose to play the round or run away. If they choose to play, the round is worth three points. If they choose to run away, the opposing team is awarded one point. If any of the players ask for truco during the round of eleven, the team loses the round. For this reason, if one of the players is dealt an unbeatable hand (having the two best cards at the same time) they may simply show the cards to the rest of the table and win the round without having to play. If both teams reach eleven points, the round must be played.

If one of the players receives fewer or more than three cards dealt by a member of the opposing team, they can point out this error after the round has begun and win the round. If the error is pointed out before the hand begins the deck must be shuffled and the cards dealt again.

In Truco Paulista the cards are ranked in the following order, from strongest to weakest: 8s, 9s and 10s are never included. Upon agreement, the 7s, 6s, 5s, and 4s can be removed from the deck, this is called playing with a clean deck (jogar com baralho limpo).
 * Trump cards;
 * 3s
 * 2s
 * Aces
 * Kings
 * Jacks
 * Queens
 * 7s
 * 6;
 * 5s
 * 4s

After the cards are dealt, one card from the remainder of the deck is turned over to determine the trump cards (manilhas), which rank above all others. The trump cards are the cards directly above the one which was turned over (e.g. if the card revealed is a 7, the trump cards are the queens). The strength of a trump card when compared to the others is determined by its suit, with diamonds being the weakest, followed by spades, hearts and clubs being the strongest.

Truco Mineiro
Truco mineiro is a variety of Truco played mostly in the state of Minas Gerais. The rules are mostly the same as in Truco Paulista, except: The round of eleven is replaced by the roughly similar round of ten, except that only the team with ten points is allowed to see each other's cards and that the round is worth four points instead of three. If both teams reach ten points the round must be played and they are not allowed to see each other's cards.
 * Regular rounds are worth 2 points instead of 1;
 * When a player asks for truco, they propose the round be worth 4 points; if refused, the team receives 2 points.
 * When a player asks for 6, they propose the round be worth 8 points; if refused, the team receives 4 points;
 * When a player asks for 9, they propose the round be worth 10 points; if refused, the team receives 8 points;

Truco mineiro uses a fixed set of trump cards, so there is no need to turn one card over after dealing to determine them (the order of the suits remain the same, however). The ranking of the cards is: The game can also be played with only the cards up to the Queens, removing 4 through 7.
 * 4 of clubs (known as zap)
 * 7 of hearts
 * Ace of spades (known as espadilha)
 * 7 of diamonds (known as pica fumo or simply sete de ouros)
 * 3s
 * 2s
 * Aces (except the ace of spades)
 * Kings
 * Jacks
 * Queens
 * 7s (clubs and spades only)
 * 6s
 * 5s
 * 4s (except the 4 of clubs)

Señas (signals)
Señas are gestures used between players of the same team to tell the pie (captain) their most valuables cards or if they have a good envido score. In some versions the official señas must be used, rather than private ones not generally understood. In the Argentine game the accepted señas are:

Señas are optional; there is no obligation to signal one's cards. The intention is that signals are made to one's partner when opponents are not looking, but they can also be used as a deceptive strategy, making a misleading signal intended to be noticed by the opposition; this is not against the rules.
 * Ancho de Espadas (Ace of swords) - Both eyebrows up or wink with the right eye.
 * Ancho de Bastos (Ace of clubs) - Wink with the left eye.
 * Siete de Espadas (Seven of swords) - With lips closed, slightly move the right side to the right.
 * Siete de Oro (Seven of coins) - With lips closed, slightly move the left side to the left.
 * Tres (any three) - Slowly and gently move the lower lip inside and take it back out slightly biting it with the two front teeth.
 * Dos (any two) - With lips closed, move them to the outside as if they were simulating a kiss. The lips remain closed.
 * Ancho Falso (Ace of cups and ace of coins) - Mouth open for few seconds or inflate the cheeks.
 * High score for envido - Shrink the middle of the face in such a way that the skin of the nose shrinks too. Another usual gesture is to slightly (and quickly) tilt your head towards the shoulder.
 * Low or no score for truco - Blink both eyes.
 * 12, 11 or 10 - Touch shoulder, chin, triceps of the arm or elbow.

Truco in Paraguay
In Paraguay, "truco" enjoys great popularity, very similar to the Argentine variant but with certain peculiarities. In Paraguayan truco, if a player has not yet touched their cards, any calls they do will not be considered as such. Therefore, one of the "tricks" is to make these false calls to gauge the reaction of the distracted opponent. However, if a player already in the game has made a call before, what is said can be considered a response to the invitation.

In all cases, in the most important games, the custom of Paraguayan truco is that the rules are reviewed and agreed upon by the participants before starting the game, or at least the most controversial ones like the "Flor" or the "Falta Envido," given the large number of regional variants.

The Flower: There is no uniform rule, so it is customary to agree whether to play with it or not, and whether only during the "bad" (first 15 points) or also during the "good" (last 30 points), before starting the game to avoid inconveniences. If no agreement has been made, the game is played with the Flower during both the bad and good points for the player who calls it, and the game cannot be won with the Flower.

A little-used variant of the Flower, with loosely unified rules, is the "Flor Chaqueña," a play on words with the western region of Paraguay, arid and with scarce vegetation, and consists of having three "Cuatros" in hand. The Flor Chaqueña can award 3 points to the player who has it or grant them the game.

The Envido: As a general rule, the "Falta Envido" has a value equal to the points needed for the team closest to completing 30 points.

The Truco: It is played to the best of three hands, meaning the point is won by the player who wins two out of three games.

Emparde (Tie): If there is a tie in the first hand (empardar), the player or team that wins the second hand wins the point.

The "Pri": If a team wins the first hand, they will win the point if they tie in the second hand, or if, after losing the second hand, they tie in the third. Hence the expression used, "La pri vale oro" (The Pri is worth gold).

Jargon (Spanish)
Many informal expressions have become part of the game, such as:

 * Siete bravo (wild seven) - the seven of spades and the seven of coins are sometimes referred to as wild sevens.
 * Estar cargado (to be loaded) - to have high score for a potential envido or to have a good hand for truco.
 * Vení (come) or vení acá (come here) - said by the pie to a partner to ask them to play their lowest card, typically because the pie expects to play the winning card.
 * Andá allá (go there) - in a game with teams of three, said to a player by the pie to ask them to play their lowest card because the third team member expects to win the hand.
 * Estoy seco (I'm dry) or estoy ciego (I'm blind) - a player says this in relation to an envido or playing a hand if they do not have winning cards.
 * No ha venido (it hasn't come) - a rhyming response to refuse an envido.
 * Va por las tuyas or son las tuyas (play by your own [cards]) - said by a player who does not have good cards when truco or envido is challenged, to tell teammates to decide according to their own cards.
 * Falta un vidrio - sometimes said to trick opponents into revealing their score, because it sounds like falta envido.
 * Jugála callado (Play it quietly) - warning teammate not to call truco or envido.
 * A cara de perro - Literally dog-faced; meaning following rules exactly, especially regarding the displaying of envido. In friendly games a player is often excused if they forget to show their cards to confirm their stated envido score. However, when playing with strangers or for money, games are usually played a cara de perro. Another example would be saying "envido", "truco", etc. in conversation; in strict playing this is a call.
 * Está peluda (it's hairy) - This is said either when a player can win the hand but it leaves them with no other cards or when a player has low cards.
 * Dormir adentro/ dormir afuera (Sleep inside/ sleep outside) - when a team or sole player makes more/less than 15 points.

Jargon (Brazil)
In Truco Paulista, manilha are the cards of the next number of the one who was trumped at the beginning of the round. For example: if a 2 is trumped, the manilha are the 3s. Then, the strength of each manilha depends on the stamp, which follows (strongest to weakest): clubs (zap), hearts (copas), spades (espadilha), diamonds (pica-fumo).
 * Baralho Vazio/Baralho Limpo (empty deck/clean deck) - used for the variations where the lowest cards 7s, 6s, 5s and 4s are not used.
 * Baralho cheio/Baralho sujo (full deck/ dirty deck) - uses all the 40 cards.
 * Melar/Cangar/Embuchar/Empachar/Amarrar - to play a card of the same value as the highest card at the table.
 * Mão de Onze (also mão de dez)- When a player (or team) or both players (or teams) has 11 (or 10) points.
 * Mão de Ferro (also mão escondida)- When both teams have need one point to win so the last round is playable in the dark (no escuro) where no one sees the cards. (This option is chosen by the players when both teams agree. Usually played in Truco Paulista).
 * Cair (to fall) - To accept a Truco, Seis or Nove.
 * Correr (to run) - To quit when the other player (or team) calls Truco, Seis or Nove.
 * Manilhas - trump cards.
 * Mão (hand) - The first to play.
 * Pé (foot) - The last to play.
 * Marreco/Pato (duck) - During the game, the losers are called patos or marrecos.
 * Turco (Turk),Túlio (a male name),Suco (juice)... - words sounding similar to truco, used to joke (and scare team partners) during a Mão de Onze, when it is not allowed to call truco (mostly the play that say truco lose the game).
 * Na testa (to the forehead) - The player with the strongest card in the game, the Zap, in order to show complete happiness for winning that round screams Na testa! and smashes the card directly to the opponent's forehead, often after licking it.
 * Meio Pau/Meio saco (half dick/half sack)- to call Seis (works like a retruco). Meio means half and Seis is 6 (half dozen). However, in many variations, Seis does not mean 6 points.
 * Morrer de pau duro (to die with a boner) - Losing the round despite holding hand the Zap.
 * Surra de pau mole (equivalent to "pig blapping") - This one has many similar meanings. Basically it means winning the game or round on a bluff.
 * Passar de baixo da mesa (to pass under the table) - When the opponents lose without making any points, they have to literally pass under the table as a punishment. It is used mainly in the southern like in the state of Santa Catarina.
 * A primeira vai à missa (first hand is golden) - a way to indicate the importance of the first hand.

Jargon is often used to fool the other team.

title: Truco


text:
Brazilian military junta of 1969

A Military Junta or Junta Militar ruled Brazil from August 31 to October 30, 1969, between the sudden illness of President Artur da Costa e Silva and the swearing-in of Emílio Garrastazu Médici as his successor.

At that time, Brazil was in the peak of a military dictatorship, and the Brazilian Armed Forces were unwilling to allow even their civilian supporters to have any real share of power. Pedro Aleixo, Costa e Silva's civilian vice-president, should have become acting president under the Constitution of 1967, but was prevented from taking office. The Junta was composed of the three armed forces ministers: Army Minister General Aurélio de Lira Tavares, Navy Minister Admiral Augusto Hamann Rademaker Grünewald and Air Force Minister Brigadier Márcio de Souza e Mello. They ruled under the provisions of the highly repressive Fifth Institutional Act (AI-5).

History
In August 1969, President Costa e Silva suffered a debilitating episode of cerebral thrombosis. The president's condition was hidden from Vice-President Pedro Aleixo (who should have become acting president under the constitution), from the press and from the Brazilian people for a few days, as the upper echelons of the Armed Forces decided what to do about the crisis. On August 31, 1969, the three armed forces ministers seized executive power, with the approval of the rest of the military elite, and issued the Institutional Act number 12 (AI-12), to formalize the establishment of a Military Junta.

The operative text of AI-12 was preceded by a proclamation to the Brazilian people. The three junta members announced that Costa e Silva was gravely ill, and that the High Command of the Armed Forces considered that the domestic situation (especially in view of the recess of the National Congress and other measures imposed by AI-5) was incompatible with the transfer of executive authority to a civilian. Accordingly, the leadership of the Government and the Supreme Command of the Armed Forces should be discharged by the armed forces ministers themselves, jointly, until the recovery of the President. Accordingly, the AI-12 declared Costa e Silva under "temporary impediment" and established that, during that impediment, the three armed forces ministers would jointly discharge all the powers and duties of the presidency.

Therefore, during the initial stage of the existence of the Military Junta, Costa e Silva legally remained President of the Republic, with the Junta discharging his powers and duties while he was incapacitated. This solution, however, was criticized even by civilian supporters of the regime, and the existence of a triumvirate was deemed potentially unstable. Also, the physicians attending the incapacitated President were of the opinion that he would never recover from the physical and mental consequences of the stroke and that accordingly he would never be able to resume the powers and duties of the office. It was also claimed that during intervals of lucidity, Costa e Silva had told military personnel and members of his family that he desired to be replaced president. The High Command of the Armed Forces also considered that a permanent replacement of Costa e Silva and Aleixo was in the interests of the regime.

Those factors led the Military Junta to issue on October 14, 1969 the Institutional Act number 16 (AI-16). By that Act, Costa e Silva was formally removed from office two weeks later. The vice presidency was declared vacant as well, thus removing Aleixo from the scene. The National Congress was called out of its two-year recess, and charged with the task of electing a new President and Vice-President. In reality, the role of the Legislature (which had been purged of several opposition members under the provisions of AI-5) was merely to rubber-stamp the names chosen by the military elites that controlled the regime. The military's party, the National Renewal Alliance (ARENA), had an overwhelming majority in both houses, meaning its candidate could not have possibly been defeated even if the opposition Brazilian Democratic Movement had put forward a candidate. The elections were set to take place on October 25.

AI-16 also established that the new President and Vice-President would be inaugurated on October 30, 1969, and that their term of office would last until March 1974. AI-16 further decreed that, until the election and inauguration of the new President and Vice-President, the Military Junta would remain in place discharging the fullness of the authority of the presidency. Accordingly, the Military Junta remained in existence until the inauguration of General Emílio Médici as President of the Republic on October 30, 1969.

There was no chairman of the junta, and all official acts of the Junta were jointly signed by its three members. While General Lyra Tavares, as representative of the Army, the most powerful branch of the Armed Forces in the operation of the regime, is believed to have been the main decisionmaker within the Junta, no formal precedence was assigned to its members, so as to preserve the principle of equality of the branches of the Military. In official documents of the Junta, its members were always mentioned in the order of antiquity of each branch of the Armed Forces. Thus, the representative of the Navy was always mentioned first, followed by that of the Army, and then by that of the Air Force, which led some to believe that Admiral Rademaker was first among equals in the workings of the Junta.

The junta's most important achievement was a series of amendments to the 1967 Constitution which made it even more authoritarian than before.

The Three Stooges
During the redemocratization process, the then president of the National Constituent Assembly (1987–1988), Ulysses Guimarães, a staunch opponent of the military regime, famously referred to the Military Junta of 1969 as The Three Stooges.

title: Brazilian military junta of 1969


text: User talk:129.93.29.142

title: User talk:129.93.29.142


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/William Fisher (computer scientist)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 12:13, May 1, 2005 (UTC)

William Fisher (computer scientist)
Delete as remarkably well-formatted page about non-encyclopedic university student. (The article mentions his participation in ACSL, which is a competition for univ. students.) Maybe vanity, maybe a tribute by a friend. FreplySpang (talk) 04:12, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Just another non-notable, non-encyclopedic university student. Zzyzx11 | Talk 04:32, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Actually, I think ACSL is a high school competition. (vote by 68.174.153.6)
 * Delete, ways to go yet. Gazpacho 09:22, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * SPEEDY delete and block user. He blanked this page and added another nonsense vanity article. - Lucky 6.9 00:22, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Students, eh? Wooo Rusty!--Tagishsimon (talk) 00:29, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Delete. I SWEAR I saw somewhere this before, as Lucky 6.9 said. Linuxbeak 22:56, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Diocesan Theological Institute

The Diocesan Theological Institute was an Anglican seminary founded by John Strachan in Cobourg, Canada West, on 10 January 1842. In 1852 the Institute was succeeded by the Faculty of Divinity of the Trinity University, Toronto, itself a federated university with the University of Toronto from 1904. The Trinity College Literary Institute, one of Canada's oldest student and debating societies, began as the debating society of the Diocesan Theological Institute in the 1840s.

The seminary building was designed by Henry Bowyer Lane, later acquired as a school. In 1906 Mary Haskell of Chicago bought the home, and it was altered into a private residence at 174 Green Street (Haskell House).

Notable students

 * William Arthur Johnson 1848-1851: clergyman and founder of Trinity College School

title: Diocesan Theological Institute


text:
User talk:Myrkabah~enwiki

Hi there,

Just dropping by, making a couple of minor edits to articles. I'm a regular of Everything 2.

Welcome to Wikipedia! We're looking forward to your contributions. -Ld | talk 18:40, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Well, Ld, I don't know if I'll be writing many articles. I just can't walk by a grammatical error without doing something about it, when given the capacity. :) --Myrkabah

Hiyo there! Grammatical fixes are always very much welcome on these wacky collaborative things =) -- Consumed Crustacean | Talk | 00:51, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

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Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Myrkabah. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Myrkabah~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Renamed
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title: User talk:Myrkabah~enwiki


text:
Talk:Kingdom of Heaven (film)

External links modified
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Large removal of content proposed by
This user has tried to make this edit twice, blanking the Academic criticism section of the article. If 2602:306:8389:4120:d43b:bd33:8499:b1a0 could please explain below why this removal should take place, we can establish consensus on what actions to take in regards to that section. ( ͡~ ͜ʖ ͡o) 23:37, 27 September 2017 (UTC)

"Academic criticism" section neutrality
Does anybody else read this section and feel like the person who wrote it just got upset that the movie portrayed Muslims in a non-negative light, then linked a bunch of articles from conservative news sites that were also upset about this? The whole section reads like some sort of take-down of a perceived glaring academic error that the directors made by not portraying Muslims as barbarians.

Maybe I'm wrong in how I read it, but I'm sure others have read it the same way. Either way, can we all agree that this is a very one sided section?

Postaltoad (talk) 06:01, 13 November 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm not really seeing it, but I'd be willing to defer to the views of other editors. DonIago (talk) 14:08, 13 November 2019 (UTC)

 * Absolutely, in fact I just came to the Talk section to see if the issue had been raised. It's academic criticism, but solely from a conservative Christian standpoint. I'm not commenting on the validity of such criticisms, but neutral this section is absolutely not. It also reads like a list of early-2000s neocon talking points in terms of its discussion of Muslims. Mpaniello (talk) 15:30, 19 July 2023 (UTC)
 * I agree with this assessment. The section gives too much space to Riley-Smith's review and it is unnecessarily reinforced with Harlow's input. While these perspectives are of significance to the conversation, there is no critical response provided from Muslim academics or reviewers, which can easily be found on a broader web search.
 * While medievalist perspectives on the accuracy of the Crusades doesn't take on quite the same bias, it fails to engage Riley-Smith's and Harlow's claims. These claims aren't incorporated to any scholarly degree either; their significance is purely with regards to modern lens, and while "Islamic fundamentalism" is notably permalinked, there is no expanded conversation with regards to relevant anti-Islamic sentiment (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamophobia). Hestia Péres (talk) 05:09, 20 May 2024 (UTC)

Ur plot is longer than mine
Srsly, u dont even know how to keep a frickin plot short and precise Titan2900 (talk) 02:09, 18 June 2023 (UTC)

 * The earlier plot is 694 words, yours is 758, without imparting new information. Your first sentence reads: In medieval France, Balian, a blacksmith who is haunted by his wife's recent suicide after the death of their unborn child, meets a group of Crusaders who visit his village. It's technically correct, but squeezes too much in that clause. "In 1189" is more "short and precise" than "A few years later". 70.163.208.142 (talk) 06:34, 18 June 2023 (UTC)
 * @70.163.208.142 and who the hell cares when is the movie set?? Its fictionalized, so nobody cares when is the movie set, plus mine is more precise and specific. Titan2900 (talk) 07:31, 18 June 2023 (UTC)
 * You're not doing yourself favors here. 70.163.208.142 (talk) 08:45, 18 June 2023 (UTC)

Categorization
I don't think the categorization about the film being "about Islam" makes sense. This is a religious war epic, but does not contain any content about the religions themselves generally. The category relating to "religious war" are obviously accurate, but the "about Islam" or "about Catholicism" categories appear to relate to films that are "about" those religions or practices particular to those religions. Proposing to remove those categories and rely on the religious war-related categories instead.Homagetocatalonia (talk) 17:34, 20 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kingdom of Heaven (film)


text:
Deb Callahan

Deb Callahan is an American environmental and political leader. In 2011, she became the executive director of the Point Reyes National Seashore Association in the San Francisco Bay area. Previously she served as president of The H. John Heinz III Center For Science, Economics And The Environment, a Washington, DC, nonprofit institution dedicated to improving the scientific and economic foundation for environmental policy.

Callahan is the immediate past president of the League of Conservation Voters, where she served as president for ten years. Prior to her work there, she served as the founding executive director for the Brainerd Foundation and was a program officer for the W. Alton Jones Foundation, both prominent environmental grant making foundations. She has worked in advocacy organizations and on Capitol Hill, including the National Clean Air Coalition, the National Toxics Campaign and in the US Senate.

Callahan has also managed and staffed numerous electoral campaigns including the presidential campaigns of Vice Presidents Al Gore and Walter Mondale, and campaigns for Senator Kent Conrad, Congressman Howard Wolpe and Congressman George Brown. She has served on numerous boards of directors, including America Votes, the Federation of State Conservation Voter Leagues, World Resources Institute and the Earth Day Network. A nationally known spokesperson and media commentator on environmental and progressive political issues, in 2004 Callahan became the first environmental organizational representative to address the Democratic National Convention.

She is married to Ken Cook, president of the Environmental Working Group. She graduated in 1981 from the University of California, Santa Barbara with a degree in Environmental Studies and Political Science.

Prior positions

 * Executive Director (1995–1996), Brainerd Foundation
 * Program Officer (1992–1994), W. Alton Jones Foundation
 * Policy Consultant (1991–1992), National Toxics Campaign
 * Campaign Manager (1990–1991), Wolpe congressional campaign
 * National Field Director (1987–1988), Gore presidential primary campaign
 * Executive Assistant (1986–1987), Office of Senator Kent Conrad
 * New England political director (1985–1986), League of Conservation Voters
 * Deputy Campaign Manager (1986), Conrad senatorial campaign
 * Field Coordinator (1984), Mondale-Ferraro presidential campaign

title: Deb Callahan


text:
User:DrGeoduck

Right now, I'm mainly working on Opera-related articles. So far, I've edited and expanded the entries for Falstaff, Peter Grimes, and Oedipus Rex.

I am currently participating in WikiProject Opera.

Articles/Stubs I have created
Utah Festival Opera Ellen Eccles Theatre Ruth Berghaus René Pape Alexander Kipnis Olaf Bär The Kiss (Bedřich Smetana)

Upcoming articles
Gerald Barry - The Triumph of Beauty and Deceit Harrison Birtwistle - Punch and Judy Nicolae Bretan - Arald, Golem, Luceafǎrul Ferruccio Busoni - Doktor Faust, Turandot Aaron Copland - The Second Hurricane Azio Corghi - Divara - Wasser und Blut Luigi Dallapiccola - Ulisse Paul Dessau - Die Verurteilung des Lukullus, Einstein Antonín Dvořák - The King and Charcoal Burner Josef Bohuslav Foerster - Eva Alois Hába - Mother Paul Hindemith - Die Harmonie der Welt Hans Krása - Verlobung im Traum Bohuslav Martinů - Ariane, Julietta, The Marriage, Les trois souhaits Christopher Mohr - From the Realm of the Shadow Carl Orff - Der Mond, Die Kluge Hans Pfitzner - Palestrina Alfred Schnittke - Life with an Idiot Bedřich Smetana - The Secret Michael Tippett - The Ice Break Viktor Ullmann - Der Kaiser von Atlantis

Opera Articles to Improve
Eugen d'Albert - Tiefland Hector Berlioz - Les Troyens Arrigo Boito - Mefistofele Ferruccio Busoni - Arlecchino Daniel Catán - Florencia en el Amazonas Aaron Copland - The Tender Land Zdeněk Fibich - Šárka Engelbert Humperdinck - Königskinder Leoš Janáček - The Excursions of Mr. Broucek, From the House of the Dead, Káťa Kabanová Bohuslav Martinů - Alexander Twice, The Greek Passion Carl Nielsen - Masquerade Sergei Prokofiev - The Love for Three Oranges, War and Peace Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov - The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevroniya Arnold Schoenberg - Erwartung Richard Strauss - Capriccio, Die Frau ohne Schatten, Die schweigsame Frau Igor Stravinsky - The Rake's Progress Kurt Weill - Lost in the Stars Alexander von Zemlinsky - Der Traumgörge

title: User:DrGeoduck


text:
Um Bongo

Um Bongo is a brand of juice drinks produced by Sumol + Compal. It was first produced in 1983 by Nestlé, under the Libby's brand, for consumption in the United Kingdom, and was later licensed for production in Portugal. The trademark is currently held by Sumol + Compal,  who produces and sells the drink in both countries. Tropical Um Bongo features a range of fruit juices and purees including Apple, Lemon, Orange, Pineapple, Passion Fruit, Mandarin, Apricot, Guava and Mango.

History
Um Bongo was first created in 1983, originally in Milnthorpe, Cumbria. It was originally sold under the Libby's brand, which at the time belonged to Nestlé who had acquired Libby's fruit juices. Nestlé licensed the Um Bongo brand (still under the Libby's name) to Gerber Foods Soft Drinks Ltd in the UK and Republic of Ireland. Gerber packages the drink at their plant in Somerset. Gerber Foods Soft Drinks were dissolved as a company in 2017.

In 1986, Libby's removed all artificial colouring, sweeteners and preservatives from Um Bongo, replacing them with natural colouring. Citric acid was also taken out and replaced with lemon juice. Since 2011, citric acid has again been in use.

Nestlé launched the Um Bongo brand in Portugal in 1988, running a Portuguese version of the TV advertisement, using the slogan Um Bongo, O bom sabor da selva ("Um Bongo, The great flavour of the jungle"). Portuguese company Compal acquired the "Um Bongo" brand from Nestlé by 2003.

Compal merged with Sumol in 2009. The company launched Um Bongo 100% Fruit in 2010 and a themed toy collection named Um Bongo e o bom coração da selva ("Um Bongo and the great heart of the jungle") in 2011.

In the United Kingdom, Gerber Juice Company Limited continues to package the drink.

In 2013, after UK Independence Party MEP Godfrey Bloom made remarks about "Bongo Bongo Land", the Um Bongo website received a surge in traffic, despite the company stating that they had no political affiliations.

UK formula change
In the late 1990s, parents complained about the amount of sugar and artificial flavourings in many children's fruit drinks, which resulted in new regulations. The Um Bongo formula was changed around 2003 or 2004 to comply with the new rules. Most of the original ingredients were removed, with the drink being re-branded as "Um Bongo-100% juice", containing only bananas, orange and pineapple. In comparison, the original also contained apple, lemon, passion fruit, mandarin, apricot, guava and mango. New packaging for the product was also introduced by 2007, removing much reference to the Congo.

Return of UK Original Um Bongo
From the time Libby's changed the formula, the company received many complaints. This resulted in their deciding to bring back the original Um Bongo formula in 2009. "Classic" Um Bongo was originally renamed "Um Bongo Tropical" and was also repackaged in new plastic 500 ml bottles and placed in the chilled section of supermarkets/consumer shops. Libby's set up a website along with Facebook and YouTube accounts, to help gather additional support.

In May 2011, an "Original" flavour was introduced, with a 200 ml × 3 carton available. The 100% Tropical juice version has since been discontinued and replaced with Original. An "Orange" flavour was released in 2012, and a 1-litre size was sold beginning in 2013.

Advertising
Um Bongo is particularly famous for its long running jingle of "Um Bongo, Um Bongo, they drink it in the Congo", which accompanied animated television advertisements since 1985.

The song was sung by Tony Jackson. The music and lyrics were composed by Andy Blackford. The advert itself was created by Oscar Grillo at Klacto Animations. Their earlier 1984 Kia-Ora advert established a new trend and led to them being commissioned to produce the Um Bongo spot for Leo Burnett.

Other versions
Libby's have created two other types of fruit juice drinks since the 1980s.

Libby's Moonshine, which lasted until 1992, contained more domestic fruits, such as strawberries, raspberries, apples, blackberries and cherries. The animated adverts contained the slogan "Moonshine, looks pretty weird but it tastes just fine".

In 1999, Um Bongo gained a sister drink called "Um Ognob", where "Bongo" was spelled backwards. Um Ognob contained a vitamin-enriched blend of apple, banana, apricot, orange and passion fruit juice. It was discontinued in 2003.

title: Um Bongo


text:
Schwegman, Lundberg & Woessner

Schwegman Lundberg & Woessner, P.A. (Formerly Schwegman, Lundberg, Woessner & Kluth, P.A.) is a Minneapolis, Minnesota based intellectual property law firm founded by three attorneys in December 1993. The firm was one of the first patent law firms in the United States to focus solely on patent prosecution and not on patent litigation (although this practice was already fairly common in Europe).

Locations
The Schwegman firm has offices located in Minneapolis, Minnesota; Silicon Valley, California; Austin Texas; and the United Kingdom, and has 25 satellite locations throughout the United States.

Awards and recognition
Top quality ranking from IAM / Ocean Tomo (2015, 2016. 2017).

Ranked in the top twenty in US Utility Patent filings by IPWatchdog (2017)

Winner of the Innovators in Health & Wellness – Excellence in Professional Service award by Minnesota Business magazine (2017)

title: Schwegman, Lundberg & Woessner


text:
Kubota

Kubota Corporation (株式会社クボタ) is a Japanese multinational corporation based in Osaka. It was established in 1890. The corporation produces many products including tractors and other agricultural machinery, construction equipment, engines, vending machines, pipe, valves, cast metal, pumps, and equipment for water purification, sewage treatment and air conditioning.

Kubota engines are in both diesel and gasoline or spark ignition forms, ranging from the tiny 0.276-liter engine to 6.1-liter engine, in both air-cooled and-liquid cooled designs, naturally-aspirated and forced induction. Cylinder configurations are from single cylinder to inline six cylinders, with single cylinder to four-cylinder being the most common. Those engines are widely used in agricultural equipment, construction equipment, tractors, and marine propulsion.

The corporation is listed on the first section of Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the TOPIX 100 and Nikkei 225.

One of its notable contributions was to the construction of the Solar Ark. Kubota is also known for designing 3D graphics chips in the 1990s.

Kubota Tractor Corporation is the American corporation for marketing and distributing Kubota engineered products in the United States, headquartered in Grapevine, TX. This includes products manufactured in the United States by Kubota's American Manufacturing Corporation, called Kubota Manufacturing of America Corporation Headquartered in Gainesville, GA.

title: Kubota


text:
Charulata

Charulata (চারুলতা) is a 1964 Indian drama film written and directed by Satyajit Ray. Based upon the novel Nastanirh by Rabindranath Tagore, it stars Soumitra Chatterjee, Madhabi Mukherjee and Sailen Mukherjee. The film is considered one of the finest works of Ray and is often featured in the lists of the greatest films ever made.

Both the first and the last scenes are critically acclaimed. The first scene, with almost no dialogue, shows Charu's loneliness and how she looks at the outside world through binoculars. In the last scene when Charu and her husband are about to come closer and hold hands, the screen freezes. This has been described as a beautiful use of freeze frames in cinema.

Plot
Charulata is based on the story "Nastanirh (The Broken Nest)" by Rabindranath Tagore, set in Calcutta in 1879. The Bengali Renaissance is at its peak, and India is under British rule. The film revolves around Charulata (Madhabi Mukherjee), the intelligent and beautiful wife of Bhupati (Sailen Mukherjee). He edits and publishes a political newspaper. Bhupati is an upper-class Bengali intellectual with a keen interest in politics and the freedom movement.

Charu is interested in the arts, literature and poetry. Although Bhupati loves his wife, he has no time for her. She has little to do in the house run by a fleet of servants. Sensing her boredom, Bhupati invites Charu's elder brother Umapada and his wife Manda to live with them. Umapada helps in running the magazine and the printing press. Manda, with her silly and crude ways, is no company for the sensitive, intelligent Charulata.

Amal (Soumitra Chatterjee), Bhupati's younger cousin, comes to visit. Bhupati asks him to encourage Charu's cultural interests. Amal is young and handsome, and he is in the same age group as Charu. He has literary ambitions and shares her interests in poetry. He provides her with much-needed intellectual companionship and attention. An intimate and teasing friendship develops between Charulata and Amal. There is a hint of rivalry when she publishes a short story on her own without his knowledge, following his publishing of a poem that she had forbidden him from getting published. He realizes that Charulata is in love with him, but he is reluctant to reciprocate due to the guilt involved.

Meanwhile, Charu's brother and sister-in-law swindle Bhupati of his money and run away. It destroys Bhupati's newspaper and the press. The episode shatters Bhupati who admits his hurt to Amal. He tells Amal that now Amal is the only one he can trust.

Amal is overcome with the guilt of betraying his cousin. He is also uncomfortable with Charu's higher intellect that he has helped nurture. He goes away unannounced, leaving behind a letter for Bhupati and forbids Charu to stop writing.

Charu is heartbroken but hides her disappointment. Bhupati accidentally enters her room and finds her crying over Amal. Bhupati realizes Charu's feelings for Amal. He is broken, shocked and bewildered.

He rushes out of the house and wanders aimlessly in his carriage. On his return, Charu and Bhupati make a hesitant gesture to reach out, but their extended hands remain frozen in a tentative gesture.

Cast

 * Madhabi Mukherjee - Charulata
 * Soumitra Chatterjee - Amal
 * Shailen Mukherjee - Bhupati Dutta
 * Shyamal Ghoshal - Umapada
 * Gitali Roy - Manda
 * Bholanath Koyal - Braja
 * Suku Mukherjee - Nishikanta
 * Dilip Bose - Shashanka
 * Nilotpal Dey - Joydeb
 * Bankim Ghosh - Jagannath

Production
Charulata is based on the 1901 novella Nastanirh (The Broken Nest) by Bengali author Rabindranath Tagore. Ray later said that he liked the novella because "it has a western quality to it and the film obviously shares that quality. That's why I can speak of Mozart in connection with Charulata quite validly." Ray decided to set the film in 1897 instead of 1901 and spent many months researching the historical background. For the first time in his career he worked without a deadline both during pre-production and during the shooting. Ray worked closely with art director Bansi Chandragupta and no interior scene was shot on location. All sets were either built or remodelled to accurately portray India in the 1880s. Ray once called Charulata his favourite of his films.

Music
The Rabindrasangeet "Aami Chini Go Chini Tomarey" was sung by Kishore Kumar, this being the first ever Rabindrasangeet sung by him. The recording was done in Bombay rather than in Calcutta. Kishore Kumar didn't charge any money, neither for Charulata, nor for Ghare Baire (film), another film by Ray, released in 1984.

Reception
Charulata holds one of the higher ratings for an Indian film in Rotten Tomatoes, a 96% rating based on 26 reviews with an average rating of 9.2/10. It has been widely regarded as one of the great films made in Indian cinema history and has won wide critical acclaim overseas as well.

In Sight and Sound, Penelope Houston praised the film, stating that "the interplay of sophistication and simplicity is extraordinary". A review in The New York Times stated the film "moved like a majestic snail, as do all Ray films". In 1965, The Times of London remarked that the film's depiction of values seemed influenced by the English, stating that "this stratum of Indian life was more English than England". Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian called the film "extraordinarily vivid and fresh." In 1992 Sight & Sound Critics' Poll of Greatest Films of All Time Charulata received 4 votes. The film ranked 6th in the British Film Institute's critics' poll and 7th in its user poll of "Top 10 Indian Films" of all time in 2002.

Much to Ray's dismay, the film was rejected at Cannes, a move protested by the likes of David Lean and Ingmar Bergman. The film was, supposedly, an all-time favourite of Jean-Luc Godard.

It was shown as part of the Cannes Classics section of the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. It was awarded Best Director by the Berlin Film Festival.

On the occasion of the birth centenary of Ray, senior journalist B.M. Hanif of Prajavani newspaper reported on 21 May 2020 that speculations were rife at the time of release that the story was based on the life of Rabindranath Tagore, his brother Jyotirindranath Tagore (who was 12 years elder to him) and his sister-in-law Kadambari Devi (who was two years elder to him) considering the fact that the story takes place in 1879-1880 when Rabindranath was 19 years old and that Kadambari Devi committed suicide four months after Rabindranath was married at the age of 23 in 1883 to the 9 or 11-year-old Mrinalini Devi.

Preservation
The Academy Film Archive preserved Charulata in 1996.

Tribute
The film contains a famous scene in which Charu (Madhabi Mukherjee) sings Rabindranath Tagore's song "Fule Fule Dhole Dhole" on a swing while looking at Amal (Soumitra Chatterjee). The scene is referenced in the Bollywood film Parineeta during the song sequence, Soona Man Ka Aangan. Indeed, Parineetas Lalita (Vidya Balan) is dressed to resemble Nastanirh/Charulatas Charu. Furthermore, Parineeta is based upon the novel Parineeta by Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay who was a noted contemporary of Tagore (and who wrote novels concerned with social reform).

Home media
In 2013, The Criterion Collection released a restored high-definition digital transfer and new subtitle translations.

In the United Kingdom, it was 2013's ninth most-watched foreign-language film on television, with 113,600 viewers on Channel 4.

title: Charulata


text: Talk:Boedo

title: Talk:Boedo


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Making Charles Law tubes

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 23:33, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Making Charles Law tubes

 * Finishing this old nomination. --Dmcdevit·t 07:24, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

Was a redirect to Making Charles' law tubes, now in Wikibooks -- Egil 04:20, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per above. Hamster Sandwich 08:46, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I would have sworn orphan redirects were speedies. Robert A West 19:36, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Making Charles' law tubes

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE, which will be implemented once compression block errors have been resolved. Postdlf 01:25, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Making Charles' law tubes

 * Content moved to Wikibooks -- Egil 04:20, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, since it's been transwikied already. Mo0 [ talk ] 06:29, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwikification isn't an automatic route to deletion, but this article was one how-to in a related series, which is now a chapter in Constructing school science lab equipment on the How-tos bookshelf. Delete. Uncle G 16:00, 2005 Apr 21 (UTC)
 * Delete. Master Thief Garrett 21:51, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Villa Urquiza

I think it's a fair article, like the one regarding Boedo neighbourhood.

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title: Talk:Villa Urquiza


text: User talk:211.29.137.29

title: User talk:211.29.137.29


text:
Hermit of Mink Hollow

Hermit of Mink Hollow is the eighth album by American musician Todd Rundgren, released May 1978 on Bearsville Records. All of the instruments and vocals were performed by Rundgren. He intended the songs on the album to be performed on piano with minimal arrangements, apart from the bass, drums and voices, and for the material to showcase his newly refined singing ability.

Per the title, Rundgren recorded this album at his house on Mink Hollow Road in Lake Hill, New York. At the time, he had felt that he had been a "studio hermit" working in an "insular little 24-hour-a-day think tank" and subsequently realized that "too much social interaction [had] affected [his] overall creativity." Although the album's "confessional" songs are often attributed to his recent separation from the model Bebe Buell, Rundgren denied that the songs were necessarily autobiographical.

The album was well-received by critics and fans, who viewed the record as a "return to form" and his most immediately accessible since Something/Anything? (1972). In the US, the album peaked at number 36, while single "Can We Still Be Friends" reached number 29. The song became Rundgren's most-covered, with versions by Robert Palmer, Rod Stewart, Colin Blunstone, and Mandy Moore.

Background
Following the completion of Faithful (1976), Rundgren spent two months on an eastern spiritual retreat, visiting Iran, Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bali, Thailand, Japan, and Hawaii. He also opened Utopia Sound Studios in Lake Hill, New York, just outside of Woodstock, and bought a home nearby, as well as an adjoining property to be taken over as accommodation for artists who used the studio. The Lake Hill complex on Mink Hollow Road remained Rundgren's base for the next six years.

Between Faithful and Hermit of Mink Hollow, Rundgren also recorded three albums with his band Utopia. The first, Disco Jets, was a tongue-in-cheek collection of instrumental disco tracks left unreleased until 2001. Ra (February 1977) was a concept album based on Egyptian mythology, which prefaced a lavish tour involving an extravagant stage set with a giant pyramid and Sphynx head. Oops! Wrong Planet (September 1977), recorded immediately after the tour, signaled the start of a more pop-oriented direction for the group.

By late 1977, Rundgren was in the midst of separating from then-girlfriend Bebe Buell and their infant daughter Liv. Rundgren recalled leaving his home in New York City and sequestering himself at Mink Hollow, "after I discovered that I didn't want to cohabit any longer with Bebe, in any sense of the word ... A fortunate by-product of being so out of everything all the time and always being the odd man out ... is that you have plenty of time for self-examination."

Production and style

With the exception of an occasional visit from engineer Mike Young, Rundgren recorded Hermit of Mink Hollow entirely by himself. He said that recording Mink Hollow alone was a tedious experience, "because the control room was upstairs and the drums downstairs, so when trying to record drums, if I made a mistake, I had to run up and down the stairs just to rewind the machine. I didn't have a remote with a lead that ran long enough!"

Rundgren intended the songs on the album to be performed on piano with minimal arrangements, apart from the bass, drums and voices. In that sense, he stated that the songwriting process appeared to be "fairly conventional". Most of the songs on the record did not have lyrics until completed. The writing process typically started with a rhythm track. For individual parts, he said he adopted different "personas" to suit the playing styles, such as Paul McCartney on "Determination", "where I do some of that squiggly McCartney 'Paperback Writer' stuff in the outro."

He stated that whatever concept behind the album's sound was limited to showcasing both his piano-based compositions and his newly refined singing ability. Daryl Hall claimed credit for influencing Rundgren's singing style after the sessions for War Babies (1974), a view supported by Utopia's Ralph Schuckett, who said: "On our tour before that [record], he never could quite cut it as a live singer. ... I think Daryl's whole thing just rubbed off on him." Rundgren disagreed of the extent of Hall's influence, explaining "We're both still trying to emulate our common influences, the great soul singers who, in our mind, are better singers than either of us."

Mink Hollow was divided into "The Easy Side" and "The Difficult Side" because a Bearsville executive felt that the original proposed running order lacked balance. Rundgren commented in a contemporary interview: "I don't know what the fuck they were talking about. So I did it, figuring it was their particular wank and they can think what they want." Although Mink Hollow is often compared to "confessional" works such as Joni Mitchell's Blue (1971) or Bob Dylan's Blood on the Tracks (1975), Rundgren reflected that the album's songs were not necessarily autobiographical: "I wouldn't make that close a connection to my real life. Like 'Too Far Gone' wasn't directly about me leaving home as a teenager. Like most of my songs, they're only biographical to the point that other people can identify with them."

The song "Onomotoapoiea" served as comic relief for the album, being a music-hall number in a similar vein to Rundgren's "Just Another Onionhead" from A Wizard, a True Star (1972) and "An Elpee's Worth of Toons" from Todd (1974).

Release and reception
Hermit of Mink Hollow was released in May 1978 with a cover that depicts a blue-tinted video screen image of Rundgren alone in his garden. In the US, the LP peaked at number 36, while single "Can We Still Be Friends" reached number 29. At the urging of Bearsville executive Paul Fishkin, Rundgren supported the record with a run of "Greatest Hits" shows held at The Bottom Line in New York and The Roxy in Los Angeles, followed by an August 23 date at the Agora Ballroom in Cleveland. The shows were recorded with select performances included for the double live album Back to the Bars (December 1978).

The album was generally well-received by critics and fans. Popularly viewed as his most immediately accessible work since Something/Anything?, it received more public attention and radio airplay than most of Rundgren's efforts since A Wizard, a True Star and was heralded as a "return to form" after a string of prog records with Utopia. On release, Rolling Stone's Michael Bloom reviewed that the songs "all stem from the universal library of luminous pop enjoyment that this curious artist carries around in his head. They condense the whole world into a three-minute capsule and promise eternal youth. They know the rules so well that it's almost a joy to conform. ... Neither simple nor always pleasant, Todd Rundgren is still an artist to be taken seriously." Conversely, Robert Christgau of The Village Voice wrote a single-sentence review that stated: "Only a weight as willfully light as Todd can be trusted to put his smartest song ('Onomatopeia') on 'the easy side' and his dumbest ('Bag Lady') on 'the difficult side.'"

"Can We Still Be Friends?" became Rundgren's most-covered song, with versions by Robert Palmer, Rod Stewart, Colin Blunstone, and Mandy Moore. Retrospectively, Sam Sodomsky of Pitchfork wrote that the album was the only record in Rundgren's discography that comes close to the "moments of enlightenment" heard on Something/Anything? or A Wizard, a True Star. He wrote: "The ballads [on Hermit of Mink Hollow] were heavier, and the moments of levity felt more compulsive, like a man punching himself in the head to get out of a funk. ... Rundgren understood all along that things would never be the same. There’s a reason why he sang 'I Saw the Light' in the past tense: his life’s work depended on knowing you can never get that first high again."

Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic reviewed that Hermit of Mink Hollow was Rundgren's "most emotional record", and in comparison to Something/Anything? is "more cohesive. It also feels less brilliant, even if it is, in many ways, nearly as excellent as Rundgren's masterwork, mainly because it doesn't have such a wide scope." Writing in The Rough Guide to Rock (2003), Nicholas Olivier deemed Mink Hollow "his best for a long while. Despite the clunker of 'Onomatopoeia', Rundgren reconfirmed his hit-making potential (the awesome hooks of 'Can We Still Be Friends?') and reeled off a string of typically great ballads, capping it all with the sublime chorus of 'You Cried Wolf'. Nothing Rundgren has done since has matched this late-70s peak."

Personnel

 * Todd Rundgren - all vocals and instruments, engineer, producer
 * Technical
 * Mike Young - additional engineering

Charts
Hermit of Mink Hollow

"Can We Still Be Friends"

title: Hermit of Mink Hollow


text: User talk:69.41.98.92

title: User talk:69.41.98.92


text:
Abram Harrison

Abram William Harrison (July 15, 1898 – November 14, 1979) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1943 to 1966, initially as a Conservative and later as a Progressive Conservative, after the party changed its name. He served as a cabinet minister in the government of Dufferin Roblin.

Early life and education
Harrison was born on July 15, 1898 in Holmfield, Manitoba The son of William S. Harrison and Maria Wilkinson, Harrison was educated in Holmfield, and was the manager of Harrison Milling and Grain Co. before entering politics. He was also a member of the Killarney Lodge. In 1937, he married Amelia Sutherland.

Career
He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in a by-election on July 22, 1943, in the constituency of Killarney. The Liberal-Progressives and Conservatives governed Manitoba in a grand coalition during this period, and Harrison served as a backbench supporter of Stuart Garson's ministry.

Notwithstanding the coalition, some Liberal-Progressives ran against Progressive Conservative incumbents in the 1945 provincial election. Harrison narrowly fended off a challenge from LP candidate G.M. Harrison, winning by only 150 votes on the second count of a preferential ballot. He was re-elected again in the 1949 election, easily defeating an anti-coalition maverick from the Liberal-Progressives.

The Progressive Conservatives left the coalition government in 1950. Harrison moved to the opposition benches, and was re-elected in the 1953 election. He appears to have supported Errick Willis against a leadership challenge from Dufferin Roblin in 1954.

The Progressive Conservative Party formed a minority government under Dufferin Roblin following the 1958 election. Harrison defeated Liberal-Progressive candidate Walter E. Clark by 238 votes in the redistributed constituency of Rock Lake, and was appointed by Roblin as Speaker of the Manitoba legislature on October 23, 1958. The opposition Liberals opposed Harrison's appointment, on the grounds that Roblin should have consulted with opposition leaders before making his selection. He was nonetheless confirmed, and was regarded as a good if unspectacular office-holder.

Harrison defeated Clark a second time in the 1959 election, and was retained in the Speaker's chair. Harrison defeated Liberal candidate Harry Parsonage by 429 votes in the 1962 election. He was replaced as Speaker on February 27, 1963, and formally entered Roblin's government as a minister without portfolio. He retained this position until May 15, 1966, and did not contest the 1966 election.

Death and legacy
He died at home in Holmfield at the age of 81. His grandson, Scott Newman, was the Liberal Party candidate for Radisson at the 2016 Manitoba provincial elections. His son Bill Harrison ran the Holmfield Mill until its closure in the late 1990's. Bill's wife Jean is a passionate artist who now looks after the mill with Bill’s brother Errick.

title: Abram Harrison


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/School biology experiments and demonstrations

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was transwiki. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 22:19, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

School biology experiments and demonstrations
Transwiki to Wikibooks, and merged with existing wikibook wikibooks:Constructing school science lab equipment (probably with a new wikibook title). Many of the articles listed should be moved to. -- Egil 04:25, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki. Megan1967 05:15, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki. Mo0 [ talk ] 06:30, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki Master Thief Garrett 21:53, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Mercedes-Benz 220SE

Mercedes-Benz 220SE can refer to

 * Mercedes-Benz W128 (1958-1960) "Ponton"
 * Mercedes-Benz W111 (1959-1965) as Mercedes-Benz 220SEb "fin-body"

title: Mercedes-Benz 220SE