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Argent (band)

Argent were an English rock band formed in 1969 by former Zombies keyboardist Rod Argent. They had three UK Top 40 singles: "Hold Your Head Up", which reached No. 5 and spent 12 weeks on the chart, "Tragedy" (No. 34), and "God Gave Rock and Roll to You" (No. 18). Two of their albums charted in the UK: All Together Now, which peaked at No. 13 in 1972, and In Deep, which spent one week at No. 49 in 1973.

History
Rod Argent put together his eponymous-named band just as his former band The Zombies' post-breakup single "Time of the Season" was becoming a worldwide hit in 1969. His new band employed much heavier rhythms and a generally weightier sound, but also continued the minor keys and complex lyrics of The Zombies, often by Argent's writing with former Zombies bassist Chris White. Guitarist and vocalist Russ Ballard also developed strong melodies and hit singles, writing a string of FM staples. The band was completed by bassist Jim Rodford and drummer Bob Henrit. Lead vocal duties were shared between Ballard and Argent.

Their first album, Argent, was critically acclaimed, if not a massive seller. It was a solid start and contained the song "Liar", which was subsequently covered by Three Dog Night. 1971's Ring of Hands was their second album and featured the minor hit "Sweet Mary". All Together Now was their third album, released in 1972. It featured the song that they are best remembered for: "Hold Your Head Up", which was a Top 5 hit in both UK and the US charts.

Their next album, In Deep, contained two more hits in "God Gave Rock and Roll to You" and "It's Only Money". 1974's Nexus was dominated by Rod Argent's writing, with Ballard only contributing 3 of the album's 9 songs. The album's centrepiece, "The Coming of Kohoutek", was inspired by that year's appearance of the comet of the same name. Uninspired by this change and seeking a vehicle for his prodigious songwriting, Ballard left after the album's release to pursue a successful career as a solo artist. Ballard's departure was followed by the release of the live album Encore.

The band regrouped as a quintet with the addition of young virtuoso guitarist John Grimaldi and guitarist/vocalist John Verity. Both of their final albums, Circus and 1975's Counterpoints, were poorly received and failed to sell, though their final concert tours were well attended. In 1975, John Grimaldi left the band. While Rod Argent considered whether to continue Argent, the remaining members (Henrit, Rodford and Verity) became Phoenix.

The original Argent lineup reunited at the High Voltage Festival in Victoria Park, London on 25 July 2010, and undertook a short five-date concert tour in December 2010, with gigs in Frome, Southampton, Wolverhampton, Leamington Spa, and London.

Argent also reunited for a five-show tour from January to February 2012, before performing one last show at the Waterside Theatre in Aylesbury as part of a benefit concert, on 2 June 2013, supporting the Zombies, on a bill that also included Marillion members Steve Hogarth and Steve Rothery.

Rodford died after a fall on 20 January 2018, at age 76.

Band members

 * Rod Argent – keyboards, backing and lead vocals (1969–1976, 2010, 2012, 2013)
 * Bob Henrit – drums (1969–1976, 2010, 2012, 2013)
 * Jim Rodford – bass guitar, backing vocals (1969–1976, 2010, 2012, 2013; died 2018)
 * Russ Ballard – guitar, lead vocals (1969–1974, 2010, 2012, 2013)
 * John Verity – guitar, lead vocals (1974–1976)
 * John Grimaldi – guitar (1974–1976; died 1983)

Songs
Argent's biggest hit was the Rod Argent and Chris White composition "Hold Your Head Up", featuring lead vocals by Russ Ballard, from the All Together Now album, which, in a heavily edited single form, reached No. 5 in the US. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc.

The sound of the band was a mix of rock and pop, but also covered more progressive rock territory in songs like "The Coming of Kohoutek", an instrumental from their Nexus album. When Ballard left the band after Encore, they took an even more progressive/fusion turn with their final Epic album Circus and then signed to a new record label (RCA) for the final 1975 album Counterpoints. By 2005, all albums, including compilations, have been re-released on CD, except Counterpoints.

Legacy
Argent recorded the original version of "God Gave Rock and Roll to You", written by Russ Ballard, which was covered by Kiss in 1991 under the name "God Gave Rock 'n' Roll to You II", and featured prominently at the end of the film Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey. The song also became a Contemporary Christian rock anthem and was twice covered by the Christian Rock band Petra, in 1977 (on the album Come and Join Us) and again in 1984 (on the album Beat the System), with new verses.

Some of Ballard's compositions became hits when they were covered by other artists, including Rainbow ("Since You Been Gone", from the album Down to Earth, and "I Surrender", from the album Difficult to Cure), Kiss, Petra, Hello, Santana, and more recently the Brazilian metal band Oficina G3. The Russ Ballard song "Liar", on Argent's first album, became a hit for Three Dog Night in 1971 and was also released as a single, ten years later, by Graham Bonnet (former Rainbow vocalist, who sang the vocal on "Since You Been Gone"), taken from his debut album Line-Up.

Fish (former lead singer of Marillion) recorded a version of "Hold Your Head Up" for his 1993 album Songs from the Mirror, a selection of his favourite songs. The American band Phish play an instrumental version of "Hold Your Head Up", usually as a transition into a "joke song" by drummer Jon Fishman. "Hold Your Head Up" was covered in 1987 by the band 20/Twenty and (in the same year) by Australian group the Party Boys. Mother Love Bone recorded a cover of "Hold Your Head Up" in 1989. Their version was released on a promotional only 7" vinyl in 1989. It was reissued on 7" vinyl in 2014 as a limited edition Black Friday Record Store Day release on Stardog/Republic Records. The band Jellyfish opened most of their shows with an abbreviated version of "Hold Your Head Up".

Compilation albums

 * The Best of Argent - An Anthology (Epic, 1976)
 * Hold Your Head Up (1978)
 * Music from the Spheres (1991)
 * Greatest: The Singles Collection (2008)
 * Argent: Original Album Classics [A collection of the band's first five albums in miniature album sleeves] (2009)
 * God Gave Rock and Roll to You: The Greatest Hits (2010)
 * Hold Your Head Up: The Best of Argent (2022)

title: Argent (band)


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Little Green (song)

"Little Green" is a song composed and performed by Joni Mitchell. It is the third track on her 1971 album Blue.

Background
Mitchell wrote "Little Green" in 1966, shortly after she had signed the papers to place her daughter for adoption the previous year, while she was a poor folk singer in Toronto.

The existence of her daughter, originally called Kelly Dale, was not publicly known until 1993, when a roommate from Mitchell's art school days in the 1960s sold the story of the adoption to a tabloid magazine. However, in at least one early live performance, she mentioned her daughter’s given first name. At the Café Au Go Go in New York in 1967, there was (a reviewer later stated) "a raw, husky catch to her tender wishes for 'Kelly Green'" during the song.

Mitchell commented on the situation in an interview quoted in a 1998 article: "I was dirt poor. An unhappy mother does not raise a happy child. It was difficult parting with the child, but I had to let her go." Mitchell was reunited with her daughter, Kilauren Gibb, in 1997.

The guitar tuning Mitchell uses on the song is Open G (low-to-high: D G D G B D).

Critical reaction
Writing for Rolling Stone in 1971, Timothy Crouse, said: Several of the lesser cuts on Blue give every indication of having sat in Joni's trunk for some time. The folkie melody of "Little Green" recalls "I Don't Know Where I Stand" from her second album. The pretty, "poetic" lyric is dressed up in such cryptic references that it passeth all understanding. Reflecting on the song for The Atlantic in 2013, Jack Hamilton noted that "Little Green", arguably the most personal song on Blue, was not written about a lover but rather about Mitchell's daughter, concluding that "Blue was Mitchell's way into music that transcended her life to become about yours and everyone else's."

Bob Dylan played the song on the "Colors" episode of Season 1 of his Theme Time Radio Hour show in 2007.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Little Green (song)


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Clambake (film)

Clambake is a 1967 American beach party musical film directed by Arthur H. Nadel and starring Elvis Presley, Shelley Fabares, Bill Bixby, Gary Merrill and James Gregory. Written for the screen by Arthur Browne Jr., the film is about the heir to an oil fortune who trades places with a water-ski instructor at a Florida hotel to see if girls will like him for himself, rather than his father's money. Clambake was the last of Presley's four films for United Artists. The movie reached number 15 on the national weekly box-office charts.

Plot
Scott Hayward (Presley) rebels against the plans and expectations of his father, extremely rich oil tycoon Duster Hayward (Gregory). He drives to Florida in his red 1959 Chevrolet Corvette Stingray Racer to find himself. When Scott stops for gas and refreshments, he encounters Tom Wilson (Hutchins), who is on his way to take a job as a water skiing instructor at a Miami hotel. A chance remark by Tom gives Scott the idea to switch identities with Tom so he can find out how people react to him as an ordinary person rather than as a millionaire. Tom has fun staying at the same hotel and pretending he is rich.

Shortly after, hotel guest Dianne Carter (Fabares) insists on taking a lesson minutes after Scott checks in with his new "employer". However, once they are out on the water, Dianne proves herself to be an expert skier, performing fancy maneuvers to gain the attention of wealthy young playboy James J. Jamison III (Bixby). Later, Dianne confesses to Scott that she is a gold digger, assuming that he is one, too. Scott agrees to help Dianne land Jamison, but ends up falling for her himself.

Scott persuades boat builder Sam Burton (Merrill) to allow him to rebuild Burton's Rawhide, a high-performance boat that was damaged when raced at high speed, and drive it in the annual Orange Bowl Race, which Jamison has won the last three years. Scott sends for some "goop", an experimental coating one of his father's companies spent a lot of money trying (and failing) to perfect. Between his day job and working on the goop at night, Scott is run ragged, but he thinks he has fixed the goop's major flaw: losing its strength in water. With no time for testing before the race, he applies it to the boat's hull and hopes it will hold the Rawhide together. Duster learns where his son is and comes to see what he is doing. To Scott's surprise, his father is enormously proud of what he is doing.

Meanwhile, Jamison proposes to Dianne. Scott enters the suite before she can give Jamison an answer, but the playboy informs Scott they are getting married right after he wins the race. Dianne, however, decides to give up her scheme and return home.

In the race, Jamison takes the lead in his boat, the Scarlet Lady, but Scott passes him at the finish line. Scott then offers to give Dianne a lift. On the drive, he gives her an engagement ring he bought with the winnings from the race. Dianne insists that Scott take it back, but agrees to marry him. This prompts Scott to confess to Dianne who he really is. She does not believe him at first, but when he shows her his driver's license, she faints.

Cast
In uncredited appearances: one of the dancers is Teri Garr; among the kids during the "Confidence" scene is a young Corbin Bernsen; and the little girl afraid to go down a playground slide, to whom Elvis sings, is Lisa Slagle, who later joined the Joffrey Ballet. The water-skiing and Corvette-driving double for Presley was Artie Warren. (Warren was then employed at Leo Benz's Ski School for water skiers.) Lee Majors connived his way in as an extra in the film, playing a mustachioed waiter in the lounge scene about 22 minutes in. He confirmed this in 2017, at the 2017 Florida Supercon fan convention.
 * Elvis Presley as Scott Hayward/"Tom Wilson"
 * Shelley Fabares as Dianne Carter
 * Will Hutchins as Tom Wilson/"Scott Hayward"
 * Bill Bixby as James J. Jamison III
 * Gary Merrill as Sam Burton
 * James Gregory as Duster Hayward
 * Suzie Kaye as Sally
 * Harold Peary (credited as "Hal Peary") as the Doorman
 * Sam Riddle as the Announcer
 * Angelique Pettyjohn as Gloria
 * Olga Kaya as Gigi
 * Jack Good as Hathaway
 * Lee Krieger as Bartender
 * Wallace Earl (credited as "Amanda Harley") as Ellie
 * Sue England as Cigarette girl
 * Marj Dusay as the Waitress
 * Charlie Hodge as Mr. Hayward's barber (uncredited)

Production
After numerous delays, principal photography on Clambake began on March 22, 1967. Clambake was the last film for which Presley was able to demand and receive a salary of $1 million. The relatively lackluster box-office performance of this movie, combined with his desire to do more serious, less commercial films, meant that studios were no longer willing to guarantee him a million dollars or more for his performance.

In her 1985 book Elvis and Me, on which Sandra Harmon collaborated with her, Priscilla Presley writes that by the time filming began on Clambake, Elvis' growing distress with the quality of his films led to a despondency accompanied by overeating that had his weight balloon from his normal 170 lb (77 kg) to 200 lb (91 kg). (Elvis, Albert Goldman's 1981 biography of Presley, corroborates this statement Priscilla made to Harmon.) A movie studio executive ordered him to lose the weight in a hurry, marking the introduction of diet pills to his already excessive regimen of medications.

During this time, owing to the involvement of Larry Geller, a hair stylist who later became one of "The Guys" (also called the "Memphis Mafia"), as Presley called his entourage, in his life, Presley was growing increasingly interested in religious studies and spirituality, and was reading a great deal on the subjects. Colonel Tom Parker felt that these pursuits were distracting Elvis from his performance, and he ordered the singer not to read any books while the film was being shot; there is no evidence to indicate that Presley complied with the directive.

Production was delayed for two weeks at the beginning of the shoot when Elvis fell and hit his head in his L.A. mansion, resulting in a mild concussion.

Although set in Florida, only some second-unit stock footage was shot there - including the prominent use of the Miami Marine Stadium, where the climactic speedboat race was filmed, with California close-ups of Elvis and Bill Bixby cut in. Virtually the entire film was shot in southern California (resulting in the scene with the sun seemingly setting over the ocean in the east). Several exterior "Florida" scenes also have very conspicuous California mountains in the background. Other bloopers include oil fields in Florida. The boats in the boat garage have registration numbers starting with "CF" (California) and not "FL" (Florida).

In Japan, the film was released under the alternate title Blue Miami (rendered in Japanese script), a reference to the earlier Presley film Blue Hawaii.

Soundtrack
The soundtrack album reached number 40 on the Billboard album chart.

Reception
The film premiered in October 1967, but did not have a wide release until December. The New York Times' critic Howard Thompson called the film "a real Christmas clinker" and a "silly, tired little frolic," remarking that "even staunch Presley admirers—and we're one of them when he delivers the likes of Fun in Acapulco and Viva Las Vegas—will have to strain to justify this one." Thompson panned everything in the film, including the co-stars, music, predictable finale, the overuse of rear-screen projection, and the obvious location shots of the West Coast of the U.S.

Variety ran a positive review, declaring it one of Presley's "top offerings to date, backed by a legitimately-premised story line, melodic songs, acceptable acting and winding with a spectacular water race. Film has all the makings of being one of Presley's heaviest grossers."

Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "Like most Presley pictures, this one ... is pleasant and unpretentious yet has a synthetic appearance. The starlets look lacquered, the sets plasticized and there's much reliance on process work."

The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote that Presley "floats amiably through a flimsy story enlivened only by an occasional touch of humour and an engaging performance from James Gregory as a drawling Texan oil millionaire." The review thought that "the only really jarring note is the very unpersonable heroine."

FilmInk felt Presley and Fabares had none of the chemistry they showed in Girl Happy.

Presley himself considered Clambake to be his worst movie.

In popular culture
In the 2005 miniseries Elvis, a scene depicts a frustrated Presley (played by Jonathan Rhys Meyers) on the set of Clambake, filming the "Who Needs Money" motorcycle scene. Presley also mentions to Colonel Parker that he only signed on to do the movie because he [Parker] told him to, and that he needs the money.

Mark Knopfler's song "Back to Tupelo" from his solo album "Shangri-La" (2004) is about Elvis Presley and mentions the film in the first stanza and then again towards the end of the song.

title: Clambake (film)


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title: File:AIRCA logo.jpg


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USS Sturtevant (DD-240)

USS Sturtevant (DD-240) was a Clemson-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War II. She was the first ship named for Albert D. Sturtevant.

Sturtevant was laid down on 23 November 1918 and launched on 29 July 1920 by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation; sponsored by Mrs. Curtis Ripley Smith; and commissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 21 September 1920.

Inter-war period
Sturtevant sailed to Newport, Rhode Island, and thence proceeded to New York City. On 30 November, she departed New York to join the United States Naval Forces, European Waters. She reached Gibraltar on 10 December, and after four days continued on to the Adriatic Sea. On the 19th, she arrived at her new base, Split on the Croatian coast (then in Kingdom of Yugoslavia). For the next six months, she conducted various missions from Split to the ports on the Adriatic littoral.

On 16 June 1921, the destroyer was reassigned from the Adriatic detachment to the Constantinople detachment, and, three days later commenced docking and overhaul at Constantinople. During this assignment, Sturtevant conducted drills in the Sea of Marmara, between the twin straits, the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus, and operated in the Black Sea. She visited Samsun, Turkey; Burgas, Bulgaria; and Sulina and Brăila on the coast of Romania. From 25 October to 28 November, she flew the flag of Admiral Mark L. Bristol. Following this duty, the ship visited the ports of Beirut and Jaffa and then Alexandria, Egypt, and the Isle of Rhodes. In late December, she returned to Turkey at Samsun, thence to Constantinople in January 1922, before reentering the Black Sea to visit southern Russia.

From 1921 to 1923, the Russian Civil War and a drought brought a great famine to Russia, particularly to the usually food-rich Volga region of southern Russia. America responded with nearly 1000000 ST of food which the Bolsheviks accepted, often as surreptitiously as possible. Sturtevant investigated potential ports of debarkation in southern Russia for the supplies soon to be shipped by the American Relief Administration. To this end, she visited Odessa, Sevastopol, Novorossiysk, Theodosia, and Yalta between early February and mid-April. Thereafter, through the end of the year, she made voyages across the Black Sea to various Russian ports in conjunction with the relief operation. She stopped at numerous other foreign ports on the voyages, including Samsun, Trebizond, and Mudanya, Turkey. From July–October, she made a round-trip voyage back to the U.S., during which she was overhauled at the New York Navy Yard and exercised out of Yorktown, Virginia. On 1 October, Sturtevant was ordered back to the eastern Mediterranean and, the following day, got underway for Gibraltar. She arrived there on the 14th and continued on to Turkey, reaching Mudania on the 27th. For the next seven months, the destroyer visited the ports of the eastern Mediterranean and those along the coast of the Black Sea. In addition to ports of call of the previous cruises, she visited Varna, Bulgaria; Mersina and Smyrna, Turkey; Piraeus, Greece; and Naples, Italy. From the latter port, she sailed for Gibraltar in late May 1923, and by 12 June was back at the Navy Yard in New York. She operated along the Atlantic seaboard through the end of the year, conducting gunnery exercises in October at the southern drill grounds off Virginia. In November, the ship paid an Armistice Day visit to Baltimore. Three days before the end of the year, Sturtevant became flagship of Division 41, Squadron 14, Scouting Fleet.

In early January, Sturtevant proceeded to the Panama Canal Zone to participate in a war problem with the Scouting Fleet. At the end of the month, she sailed with the Fleet, via Culebra Island, to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and the British West Indies, conducting tactical exercises along the way. In May, the destroyer returned north and operated along the east coast for the remainder of the year. In January 1925, Sturtevant again headed south. After a month and a half of operations in the Caribbean, she transited the Panama Canal and entered the Pacific. She visited San Diego and San Francisco in California in April before getting underway for the Hawaiian Islands. From late April-mid-June, the ship participated in a joint Army-Navy war problem simulating the attempt of an enemy force to capture the island of Oahu. On 11 June, she set a course for San Diego and arrived on the 17th. The destroyer started on her return voyage to the Atlantic on the 22nd and reached New York City on 16 July. She cruised the Atlantic coast until mid-October, and then proceeded south for winter maneuvers out of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Transiting the Panama Canal in late January 1926, she participated in fleet exercises on the Pacific side. Returning to the Atlantic side of the isthmus to resume drills and exercises in the vicinity of Cuba, Sturtevant steamed north to Boston during the first week in May.

From May 1926 to January 1931, Sturtevant continued to operate with the Atlantic Fleet in Destroyer Division 41 (DesDiv 41), Destroyer Squadron 14 (DesRon 14). Each year summer operations along the north and central Atlantic coast of the U.S. were alternated with winter maneuvers in the warm waters of the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. During the fall of 1930, she was assigned Charleston, South Carolina as her homeport, but was ordered north again in January 1931 for decommissioning. On 30 January 1931, Sturtevant was placed out of commission at Philadelphia. She was recommissioned there on 9 March 1932, and on 30 April reported for duty to the Commander, Special Service Squadron at Coco Solo in the Canal Zone. For the next two years, the destroyer plied waters of the Gulf and the Caribbean, supporting the activities of the marines ashore in Nicaragua, Haiti, Cuba, and other Latin American republics. Early in 1934, she left the Special Service Squadron to rejoin the destroyers of the Scouting Force. During this tour of duty, she was home ported at Norfolk, Virginia.

World War II
In the latter half of 1935, the ship was reassigned to the Battle Force, located in the Pacific. After operating out of San Diego until 20 November, she was decommissioned once again. On 26 September 1939, Sturtevant was recommissioned once more. By mid-1940, she was back in the Atlantic escorting convoys and conducting Neutrality Patrols along the eastern seaboard. The destroyer operated out of Norfolk, in the North Atlantic until early March 1942, then escorted a convoy from New York to the Canal Zone. There she reported for duty to the Commander, Caribbean Sea Frontier, screening convoys between the various ports of the Caribbean until late April.

Fate
On 26 April 1942, she departed Key West in company with a convoy. Just over two hours out of port, a violent explosion lifted Sturtevant's stern from the water, but caused no apparent damage. Thinking herself under submarine attack, the destroyer dropped two depth charge barrages. About a minute after she dropped the second barrage of charges, a second detonation rocked the ship. She began to settle rapidly, but on an even keel. Minutes later, a third explosion ripped her keel apart beneath the after deckhouse. The midships section sank immediately, and the stern settled soon thereafter. The bow, curiously, remained above water for several hours. Finally, however, all but the crow's nest disappeared beneath the waves. Sturtevant went down off Key West about 8 mi north of the Marquesas Keys. Fifteen of her crew were lost with the ship.

Sturtevant lies as two sections in 60 ft of water.

It was later determined that Sturtevant passed through an American-laid minefield of whose existence the crew had not been notified. Her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 8 May 1942.

title: USS Sturtevant (DD-240)


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WTVY-FM

WTVY-FM (99.5 MHz) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Dothan, Alabama, United States. The station is owned by Digio Strategies. The station began broadcasting on September 20, 1968; the station was originally owned by Woods Communications Corporation as a sister to WTVY television.

Programming
WTVY-FM airs a country music format.

title: WTVY-FM


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Richard Nickel

Richard Stanley Nickel (May 31, 1928 – April 13, 1972) was a Polish American architectural photographer and historical preservationist, who was based in Chicago, Illinois. He is best known for his efforts to preserve and document the buildings of architect Louis Sullivan, and the work of the architecture firm of Adler & Sullivan.

Early life
Richard Nickel was born in the Chicago neighborhood of Humboldt Park in a two-flat located at 4327 W. Haddon. He was raised by first-generation Polish Americans with his grandfather John Nikiel, born in Posen, Germany in 1880. Richard's father, Stanley, a driver for the Polish Daily News, Americanized the surname to Nickel in the face of Anti-Polish sentiment. The family soon moved to 4329 W. Crystal where a young Richard attended grammar school at St. Cyril and Methodius. It was here that Richard first became fascinated by light as he stared at the saintly figures drawn in stained glass. Nickel would tell a reporter in 1969 "That makes an impression on you that you never completely forget. It might be subconscious and, at some point, something triggers it."

The family moved to a second floor apartment at 2457 N. Rockwell in the Logan Square community, while Nickel was in fifth grade and enrolled at St. John Berchman's School. At the time the neighborhood was predominately Polish, and years later Nickel described it as the "Polish neighborhood where I became happily abnormal". The family lived near Logan Boulevard, an area lined with historic mansions and wide parkways that would later become recognized as a Chicago Landmark. More important was his father Stanley's acute interest in photography which Richard would take up as well.

In 1948 after leaving the Army, Nickel was given a victory medal and subsequently enrolled at the Institute of Design, which became part of IIT- The Illinois Institute of Technology. The school was housed in the former Chicago Historical Society building, located at 632 N. Dearborn (northwest corner of Dearborn and Ontario streets).

Nickel married a young Polish American girl named Adrienne Dembo at St. Wenceslaus Church, noted for its Art Deco design, on June 10, 1950. Shortly after, Richard was recalled to serve in the Korean War. After Richard's return a few years later, he was a changed man, with recurring nightmares that he was still in Korea. His mother-in law commented that she saw him as a "casualty of war." The marriage finally ended in divorce.

Photography and historic preservation
During the urban regeneration of the 1960s and 1970s, scores of 19th century buildings in Chicago were being demolished. Among these were the works of Louis Sullivan and of other architects designing in the Prairie School style.

By this time many of the buildings were neglected, with little public interest in their retention. Nickel encountered Sullivan's work while photographing the architect's buildings for a school project at the IIT Institute of Design in Chicago under Aaron Siskind. Studying and photographing Sullivan's buildings quickly became an obsession for him. Ultimately, he devoted much of his life to photographing them, hoping to produce a comprehensive photographic compendium. Some were documentation projects for the federal HABS—Historic American Buildings Survey.

Richard Nickel came to believe that such buildings were an important part of Chicago's architectural and cultural heritage. Realizing that the pace of urban renewal and development seriously threatened many of these historic buildings, Nickel campaigned and lobbied for their preservation. Celebrated buildings such as the Garrick Theater and the Chicago Stock Exchange were torn down despite the best efforts of Nickel and others to preserve them. However, after Nickel's death, his crusade gained momentum and was responsible for many of Sullivan's buildings eventually being spared. Of the ongoing threat to Chicago's buildings Nickel said "Great architecture has only two natural enemies: water and stupid men."

In the cases where he was unable to protect a building, Nickel extensively photographed both its interior and exterior to archive the craftsmanship and attempt to preserve the buildings' character in his images. He also stripped some of the doomed buildings of their distinctive ornamentation before their destruction. Dozens of such items were sold to Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE) and are still on display.

Richard Nickel documented many of the architectural masters of Chicago, photographing the work of Burnham & Root, Holabird & Roche, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, C. F. Murphy Associates, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Skidmore, Owings & Merrill.

Residence
Nickel's home at 1810 West Cortland Street in Bucktown, Chicago served as his base for photography and salvage operations. Infatuated with the brick building's front elevation, simple floor plan, and history, Nickel referred to it as his "Polish Palazzo". He worked hard to restore the building.

Death and legacy

Richard Nickel was killed on April 13, 1972, while attempting to salvage more architectural items when a portion of the old Chicago Stock Exchange building collapsed on him. His body went unnoticed for some four weeks, until it was uncovered by demolition workers on May 9. He is buried in Chicago's Graceland Cemetery, not far from Louis Sullivan.

The 1994 book by Richard Cahan, They All Fall Down: Richard Nickel's Struggle to Save America's Architecture, is about Nickel's lifelong effort, with friend and architect John Vinci, to preserve Chicago's architectural heritage. Richard Cahan and Michael Williams co-edited a collection of Nickel's photography, titled Richard Nickel's Chicago: Photographs of a Lost City.

Works
Nickel's black-and-white photos have been displayed at the Art Institute of Chicago and elsewhere. The Richard Nickel Committee and Photographic Archive, a non-profit organization was devoted to preserving the photographer's work for more than 40 years, and holds the copyrights for most of his pictures.

Nickel died without completing a book that he had begun in the 1950s, of his large collection of photographs of Sullivan's work that he took. The book was finally completed and published in 2010, The Complete Architecture of Adler & Sullivan — by Richard Nickel, with Aaron Siskind, John Vinci, and Ward Miller.

Richard Nickel Archive
Richard Nickel's works, which include negatives, photographs, and research papers, have been donated to the Ryerson and Burnham Libraries at the Art Institute of Chicago by the Richard Nickel Committee in 2010.

The Richard Nickel Archive collection is accessible to the public at the Art Institute, along with a finding aid to the collection. Also, more than 1,300 images from the Richard Nickel Committee's donated collection are available for viewing online at the Ryerson and Burnham Libraries' website pages for the Richard Nickel Archive.

Numerous duplicate photographs have been donated over time to other institutions, including The Arts Club of Chicago, the Society of Architectural Historians, Landmarks Illinois, and Preservation Chicago. Photographs of the Garrick Theatre were donated by the Richard Nickel Committee to the collection of the Polish Museum of America in Chicago.

title: Richard Nickel


text:
Magnum

Magnum is a Latin word meaning "great".

Magnum may also refer to:

Businesses and organizations

 * Magnum Research, a firearms maker
 * Magnum Semiconductor, a spin-off of Cirrus Logic
 * Magnum Photos, a photojournalist cooperative
 * Magnum Corporation, a Malaysian gaming company

Music

 * Jeff Magnum, former bassist of the Dead Boys
 * Magnum (band), English rock band
 * Magnum (musician) (born 1973), stage name of Sami Wolking
 * Magnum Force (album), the second album from hip hop duo Heltah Skeltah

Other uses in arts and entertainment

 * Magnum, a fictional characters and commander of the Autobots
 * Magnum, a member of the Elementals in Marvel Comics
 * Magnum, P.I., a 1980s American crime drama television series
 * Thomas Magnum, the lead character
 * Magnum P.I. (2018 TV series), its reboot
 * Magnum Force, the 2nd of five Dirty Harry movies, starring Clint Eastwood as San Francisco policeman, Harry Callahan. The title refers to Harry's use of a .44 Magnum gun.
 * Magnum T. A. (born 1959), ring name of professional wrestler Terry Wayne Allen
 * Magnum XL-200, a roller coaster at Cedar Point
 * Moses Magnum, a Marvel Comics villain

Vehicles

 * Chevrolet Optra Magnum, a car
 * Chrysler LA engine, line
 * Dodge Magnum, a car
 * Magnum ROV, a work class ROV by Oceaneering Intl.
 * Dynamic Sport Magnum, a Polish paraglider design
 * Mitsubishi Magnum, a pickup truck
 * MV Magnum, a 1979 Cambodian cargo ship
 * O'Neill Magnum, also known as Magnum Jake and Magnum Pickup, an airplane
 * Rayton-Fissore Magnum, an Italian luxury off-roader
 * TES 28 Magnam, a Polish sailboat design
 * Renault Magnum, a truck
 * Vauxhall Magnum, a car
 * Yakovlev Yak-30 (1960), a Soviet military trainer aircraft

Other uses in science and technology

 * Os magnum or capitate bone, the largest of the carpal bones in the human hand
 * Magnum (rocket), a rocket designed by NASA during the 1990s
 * Magnum (satellite), a class of U.S. reconnaissance satellite
 * Foramen magnum, a large opening in the occipital bone of the cranium
 * Magnum cartridge, a type of firearms cartridge
 * MIPS Magnum, a type of computer workstation
 * Multicolor Active Galactic Nuclei Monitoring, a telescope in Hawaii

Other products

 * Magnum (condom), a brand of condom manufactured by Trojan
 * Magnum (ice cream), a brand of ice cream owned by Unilever
 * Magnum (unit), a 1.5-litre bottle for wine and champagne
 * Magnum, a 1.5-litre size of wine bottle
 * Magnum hops, used in the brewing of beer
 * Sharpie (marker) Magnum, a large permanent marker
 * Magnum engine, a line of Chrysler internal combustion engines
 * Magnum, a series of pistol ammunition types

People

 * H Magnum, French rapper originating from the Ivory Coast
 * Dave Magnum (born 1962), former political candidate in Wisconsin
 * Magnum Membrere (born 1982), Filipino basketball player
 * Magnum (footballer) (born 1982), Magnum Rafael Farias Tavares, Brazilian football attacking midfielder
 * Magnum Rolle (born 1986), Bahamian basketball player
 * Magnum Tokyo (born 1973), Japanese professional wrestler
 * Willie Person Magnum (1792-1861), American politician
 * Zhang Weili, nickname Magnum, Chinese mixed martial artist

Other uses

 * DXMR-FM (also known as 99.9 Magnum Radyo), an FM radio station in Cagayan de Oro, Philippines
 * Magnum, NATO code for an AGM-88 or anti-radiation missile launch
 * "Magnum opus", a work or art considered the greatest work of a person's career or a work of outstanding skill
 * Magnum opus (alchemy), the creation of the philosopher's stone

title: Magnum


text: User talk:24.15.221.64

title: User talk:24.15.221.64


text:
Diphenoxylate

Diphenoxylate is a centrally active opioid drug of the phenylpiperidine series that is used as a combination drug with atropine for the treatment of diarrhea. Diphenoxylate is an opioid and acts by slowing intestinal contractions; the atropine is present to prevent drug abuse and overdose. It should not be given to children due to the risk that they will stop breathing and should not be used in people with Clostridium difficile infection.

Medical use
Diphenoxylate is used to treat diarrhea in adults; it is only available as a combination drug with a subtherapeutic dose of atropine to prevent abuse.

It should not be used in children due to the risk of respiratory depression. It does not appear harmful to a fetus but the risks have not been fully explored.

It should not be taken with other central depressants like alcohol, as they can increase its risks.

It should not be used for people with diarrhea caused by an infection, for example with Clostridium difficile infection, since the slowing of peristalsis can prevent clearing of the infectious organism.

Adverse effects
The drug label (in some jurisdictions) has warnings with regard to the risk of respiratory depression, anticholinergic toxicity and opioid overdose, the risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance that people with severe diarrhea always run, and toxic megacolon in people with ulcerative colitis.

Other adverse effects include numbness in the hands and feet, euphoria, depression, lethargy, confusion, drowsiness, dizziness, restlessness, headache, hallucinations, edema, hives, swollen gums, itchiness, vomiting, nausea, loss of appetite, and stomach pain.

Pharmacology
Diphenoxylate is rapidly metabolized to difenoxin; it is eliminated mostly in feces but also in urine.

Like other opioids, diphenoxylate acts by slowing intestinal contractions, allowing the body to consolidate intestinal contents and prolong transit time, thus allowing the intestines to draw moisture out of them at a normal or higher rate and therefore stop the formation of loose and liquid stools; the atropine is an anticholinergic and is present to prevent drug abuse and overdose.

History and chemistry
Diphenoxylate was first synthesized by Paul Janssen at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1956 as part of a medicinal chemistry investigation of opioids.

Diphenoxylate is made by combining a precursor of normethadone with norpethidine. Loperamide (Imodium) and bezitramide are analogs. Like loperamide, it has a methadone-like structure and a piperidine moiety.

Pricing
In 2017 Hikma Pharmaceuticals raised the price of its liquid formulation of generic diphenoxylate-atropine in the US by 430%, from $16 to $84.00.

Regulation
In the United States, drugs containing diphenoxylate combined with atropine salts are classified as Schedule V controlled substances. (Diphenoxlate by itself is a Schedule II controlled substance.)

It is on Schedule III of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, only in forms that contain, according to the Yellow List: "not more than 2.5 milligrams of diphenoxylate calculated as base and a quantity of atropine sulfate equivalent to at least 1 per cent of the dose of diphenoxylate".

Research
Diphenoxylate and atropine have been studied in small trials as a treatment for fecal incontinence; it appears to be less efficacious and have more adverse effects when compared with loperamide or codeine.

title: Diphenoxylate


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Instantnood, et al.

Case closed on 7 June 2005

Please do not edit this page directly unless you wish to become a participant in this request. (All participants are subject to Arbitration Committee decisions, and the ArbCom will consider each participant's role in the dispute.) Comments are very welcome on the Talk page, and will be read, in full. Evidence, no matter who can provide it, is very welcome at /Evidence. Evidence is more useful than comments.

Arbitrators will be working on a proposed decision at /Proposed decision.

Involved parties

 * Instantnood
 * jguk
 * SchmuckyTheCat

Statement by SchmuckyTheCat
I am making this request for Arbitration after spending the last two months in daily edit wars with Instantnood. I previously brought it up in an RfC which did not change his behavior. Mediation in this case would be unproductive.

I've thought about whether to take this drastic step for awhile. This evening he began reverting several hours of my organizational work because it did not agree with his agenda. I'm done trying to explain or be civil when he's violating the naming conventions he usually holds up in his defense.

Initial glob of evidentiary links: /Instantnood/Evidence

POV Instantnood is a Hong Kong patriot. He is using Wikipedia as a platform for advocacy. He often expresses this as a matter of presentation rather than direct content editing. He has mostly lost arguments in "list of xxx by country" to have Hong Kong included as an equal member with the People's Republic of China. His current front is to denigrate the People's Republic of China to a regional term "mainland China", a disputed term currently under discussion. By declaring the rest of China as "mainland China" instead of the People's Republic of China it again makes Hong Kong equal, in presentation, to the entire country. There are valid uses for the term "mainland China". The term does have it's supporters. However, Instantnood is using the term in extreme ways that push his POV. He uses the (disputed) naming conventions as backup, but even the disputed language says that "mainland China" should only be used in non-political contexts. When he edits articles about elections, laws, and political parties that appear in categories BY COUNTRY, he is creating a country of "mainland China" and deleting the country called The People's Republic of China.

Edit summaries Instantnood marks major and disputed changes, and even reverts, with "minor edit" even after being reminded on multiple pages and his talk page multiple times to not do this.

Revert wars Instantnood was warned about 3RR in an edit war with Huaiwei. Since then he has taken his reverts right up to three, but not crossed it. He is gaming the 3RR rule and treating it like an entitlement. There have been literally dozens of these miniature revert wars over the last few weeks.

Edit wars Instantnood involves himself in edit wars. This came out in the RfC against him even by people who approved of his edits. This has not changed.

Content Subterfuge Instantnood has created parallel articles and categories on several occasions. He has hidden controversial changes by hiding them with other edits.

Avoiding concensus As shown in the evidence about POV pushing, Instantnood has created or populated categories that are in parallel to established categories when concensus to move to his new naming scheme has yet to be approved and unlikely to ever be approved.

The most jarring episode of concensus avoiding, however, occurred on the articles about Hong Kong and Victoria City. Around the end of February and the beginning of March, it was the concensus of everyone - except Instantnood - that was editing those articles that Victoria City was not, in fact, the capitol of Hong Kong. Instantnood repeatedly reverted the articles to reflect his opinion that it was. A matter of fact should be easy to prove, and emails to the Hong Kong government, multiple times, even, proved that Victoria City was an antique term and was never, in fact, the capitol. Instantnood continued to question this until people ignored his discussion.

User Space/Recreation of Deleted Material Though this issue is resolved, it remains as damning evidence that Instantnood games the rules and cannot be expected to be a good citizen and interpret reasonable policies if it conflicts with his attempts to push POV. After losing the edit wars over the status of Victoria City as the capitol of Hong Kong, Instantnood copied "his version" of the articles to his userspace. That kind of preservation is absolutely OK. However, he left the categories intact specifically so that his alternative articles would be seen in parallel in the main wikipedia. He had to be told, specifically, several times, that it was NOT OK to do this before he finally accepted that he could not create a parallel universe inside his user space.

Assume good faith I fully admit to losing the assumption of good faith in Instantnoods edits. It has been apparent to me for a long time that he has an agenda. Even so, I have thanked him when he has improved my edits (for instance, by adding the Chinese characters for a name of a person or city). I realized that Instantnood lost good faith in me by his most petty of reverts. I found it quite common for him to revert me regardless of why I had edited some articles. In one instance, I realized that it was petty: 99 Ranch Market. A grocery store I regularly shop at when in the United States. It is an asian grocery store, it carries products from across the globe. I changed a link from "mainland China" to "China" because China is more encompassing, and Instantnood, who lives on the other side of the planet from the nearest 99 Ranch Market, reverted my edit, TWICE, and demanded evidence that this grocery store carries products from Hong Kong, asking "how do you know?"

Furthermore, when I presented emails from the HK government about the capitol city issue, Instantnood hounded me and insinuated that I even have made them up. I told him which website I went to and which links I clicked to get the answers, it was not like I had some inside source, yet he continued, even on the RfC page, to insinuate that I was hiding something.

Talk Pages/Rules of Engagement/Work towards a resolution/Filibuster The other large problem with Instantnood, is that he fails to give up gracefully. In a discussion, long past the point where he has exhausted his arguments, he simply turns around and repeats himself until the other side stops talking. At this point, he takes that as capitulation to his filibuster and makes the changes.

On occasions where he would be on the losing side of 3RR and there has been no talk page discussion, he simply adds various dispute templates to the articles. At first it was template:twoversions, lately it has become template:controversial. Special note: I keep changing his controversial tag to the disputed tag. In most cases where he adds the tags, he does not make a problem statement or attempt to resolve the dispute - to the frustration of other third parties who may not be aware of his overarching agenda to re-categorize anything China.
 * SchmuckyTheCat 04:18, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Statement by Instantnood
This is a content dispute, and this is not a dispute between two users. Many users are involved.

There are ongoing discussion across several discussion pages on Wikipedia, such as Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Chinese). The issue has been put up on WP:RFC and AMA Requests for Assistance by me.

The edit wars do not actually exist. I would say the situation was rather marginal. Although my username was listed onto WP:AN/3RR by SchmuckyTheCat, I did not violate the 3RR rule. I have not reverted more than 3 times (i.e. 4 times or more) in 24 hours.

I do not agree that a content dispute could be made an arbitration on a user. Rather, this should be an arbitration of the disputed content. I am looking forward to necessary assistance from administrators. Thanks in advance. — Instantnood 04:25, Mar 29, 2005 (UTC)

List of ongoing discussions: (Note: this list will be updated from time to time)
 * Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Chinese)
 * Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Chinese)
 * Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Chinese)
 * Categories for deletion
 * Categories for deletion
 * Categories for deletion — Instantnood 06:05, Mar 29, 2005 (UTC)

See also additional information regarding ongoing discussion on the issue among many users, and recent edits by SchmuckyTheCat. — Instantnood 06:05, Mar 29, 2005 (UTC)

Statement by User:Jguk
I am now enjoining myself to this request for arbitration on Instantnood's behaviour. Instantnood, when he first came to WP, proposed changing almost all references to "Taiwan" to "ROC" and all references to "China" or "People's Republic of China" to "Mainland China" in article titles, categorisation schemes and templates. He, of course, had every right to do that.

His proposals did not meet community support. Since then, he has made them again and again and again. Each time he has failed to gain community support for his proposals. A number of users have asked him to stop making these proposals now it is clear what the community view is. And there has been a RfC on the issue. However, the problem persists.

By way of recent example see:, and , where he has just started no fewer than 25 votes on the issue! Read, in particular, the comments at the bottom of the second link.

Under the Arbitration policy, the ArbCom has the power to make an initial decision to order that Instantnood has failed to gain community support for his proposals, and that his persistence in continuing to re-propose them is disruptive. The order should also required Instantnood to stop arguing for changes in the naming of China and Taiwan related articles, categories and templates, etc. on sufferance of a 1 week ban, jguk 16:21, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Statement by Instantnood
Jguk does not agree with the current set of naming conventions. She/he, and some other users, did attempt to revise it, but it was not successful. Nonetheless she/he should not block the enforcement of the current set of naming conventions, and requests for arbitration for the behaviour of a user who try to help the naming conventions be truly enforced. She/he has a record of voting against retitling of articles from "..in China" to "..in the People's Republic of China", which is definitely about mainland China. (one of the examples) She/he also failed to recognise that my view is not unanimously objected.

More important, quite opposite to what she/he said, I did not propose to change all titles of "the People's Republic of China" and "China". I did mention the moves do not apply to some articles/categories (see #1 and #2). If there's anything confusing that made her/him misunderstood, I am most willing to further elaborate to her/him. — Instantnood 16:44, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)

Statement by Snowspinner on behalf of jguk
(I'm submitting this as the AMA advocate of User:jguk.

Instantnood has been a disruptive presence on articles relating to China and Taiwan. Specifically, he advocates a name change where by the People's Republic of China would be referred to as "mainland China" whereas Taiwan would be called "ROC." The problem is that he seems immune to consensus, and continues demanding increasingly complicated votes and discussions on the matter. This is aggravated by his tendency to claim that the votes of people who have not perfectly followed the discussion (A more or less impossible task) be discounted, as "this is not a vote about the naming conventions." The result is a completely unfollowable discussion that goes on forever due to Instantnood's refusal to accept consensus. The end point of this madness is Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Chinese)/NPOV/Taiwan vs. ROC and [], a breathtaking 35 separate votes on this issue. Previous discussions of the matter can be found at   and probably some other places that I can find once my head has cleared from trying to wrap my head around this.

Let me make clear some things that this is not a request about. This is not a request to arbitrate the naming conventions. It is not a request for a ban. It is a request for some form of injunction that would stop the edit war and disruption associated with Instantnood's advocacy for the renaming of many articles.

A final plea: The last RFAr request against Instantnood became an utter circus. If you have other aspects of the request that you feel need to be added, PLEASE send them to User talk:Snowspinner and I'll get them in. I'm nice that way. :) Snowspinner 19:06, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

Statement by Wgfinley and Wally on behalf of Instantnood
Wgfinley and Wally will both be serving as advocates on behalf of disputant Instantnood and file this response as such.

While we concur that arbitration is likely the best forum for this dispute we do not agree to limit the scope of the case. Instantnood (and his supporters) has (have) been engaged in a project to bring articles, categories, and lists into compliance with the NPOV China Naming conventions, as well as the acknowledged 'real-world' system of categorization (which, likewise, is designed to avoid the pitfalls of the China political and legal disputes). Instantnood has simply sought to bring many items into compliance with that policy by use of the votes cited in Jguk's filing; this was specifically designed to be on a case-by-case basis, as cursory reading of the poll results show.

Jguk and his supporters have been unsuccessful in modifying the NPOV China Naming convention and are systematically opposing Instantnood's changes to bring compliance had had the effect of undermining the convention.          Jguk's position, and that of his supporters, is based on the Common Names Naming convention.

This matter goes straight to the heart of two Wikipedia policies that are in direct conflict with each other. We are of the belief, based on Jimmy Wales' position that NPOV is "absolute and non-negotiable", that the NPOV China Naming convention should trump the Common Names Naming convention and therefore Instantnood's proposed changes should go forward.

Therefore, we welcome arbitration of this case as we believe some direction from the arbcom is needed in such a matter. This case is not about a user being disruptive, taking actions that are not supported by Wikipedia policy, content or previous discussion -- the opposite is true. This case is about major policies, such as the NPOV policy, not being enforced and becoming victims of other minor polling policy based actions (VfD, CfD, RfC, etc). The result is a debate strewn across many articles, categories and topics as opposed to centered on the matter at hand, the NPOV China Naming convention. This convention has been disputed, debated, and (for the moment) is settled -- that carefully crafted policy should not be undermined by carrying the debate to individual items.

Members wishing to enjoin with Instantnood in this case are encouraged to contact his advocates, Wgfinley or Wally so that we can best present the evidence and argument. --Wgfinley 05:05, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Arbitrators' opinions on hearing SchmuckyTheCat's request (4/0/0/1)

 * Please provide direct evidence (i.e. diff links) of your claims. Ambi 11:13, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Sounds like a case to take, but please provide diffs to support the claims - David Gerard 13:48, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) Accept. David Gerard 18:41, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC) - Merge to above case on the same topic - David Gerard 20:58, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * /Instantnood/Evidence was created with the filing.
 * Abstain pending response to allegations that this is a content dispute. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 04:45, 2005 Mar 30 (UTC) Continued abstain; I attribute the general apathy of arbitrators in this vote to being excessively verbose in statement. If you can possibly be more concise in your statements please do. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 15:37, 2005 Apr 9 (UTC) Accept and merge with the other case. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 22:49, 2005 Apr 10 (UTC)
 * Accept, based on Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Chinese)/NPOV/China or PRC vs. mainland China Fred Bauder 19:21, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Accept ➥the Epopt 17:03, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Arbitrators' opinions on hearing jguk's request (4/0/0/0)

 * Accept and merge, based on Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Chinese)/NPOV/China or PRC vs. mainland China Fred Bauder 19:22, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Accept. Merge the other case into this one (not the other way around). It was those thirty-five simultaneous polls that convinced me - David Gerard 20:58, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * By the way, it's not the content issue I'm concerned about. Check Principle 7 in /WHEELER/Proposed decision. - David Gerard 15:01, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Accept and merge with the other case. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 22:49, 2005 Apr 10 (UTC)
 * Accept and merge one way or the other ➥the Epopt 16:41, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Temporary injunction (none)
=Final decision =
 * Dispute ended without need for intervention. No action taken.


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Instantnood, et al./Proposed decision

all proposed

Arbitrators should vote for or against each point or abstain.
 * Only items that receive a majority "support" vote will be passed.
 * Items that receive a majority "oppose" vote will be formally rejected.
 * Items that do not receive a majority "support" or "oppose" vote will be open to possible amendment by any Arbitrator if he so chooses. After the amendment process is complete, the item will be voted on one last time.

Conditional votes for or against and abstentions should be explained by the Arbitrator before or after his/her time-stamped signature. For example, an Arbitrator can state that she/he would only favor a particular remedy based on whether or not another remedy/remedies were passed.

On this case, zero (0) Arbitrators are recused and three (3) are inactive, so six (6) votes are a majority.

Proposed wording to be modified by Arbitrators and then voted on. Non-arbitrators may comment on the talk page.
 * For all items:

Motions and requests by the parties
Place those on the discussion page.

Proposed temporary injunctions
Four net "support" votes needed to pass (each "oppose" vote subtracts a "support") 24 hours from the first vote is normally the fastest an injunction will be imposed.

Template
1)

{text of proposed orders}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

=Proposed final decision=

Template
1) {text of proposed principle}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

Template
1) {text of proposed finding of fact}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

Proposed remedies
Note: All remedies that refer to a period of time, for example to a ban of X months or a revert parole of Y months, are to run concurrently unless otherwise stated.

Template
1) {text of proposed remedy}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

Template
1) {text of proposed enforcement}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

=Discussion by Arbitrators=

Motion to close
Four net "support" votes needed to close case (each "oppose" vote subtracts a "support") 24 hours from the first motion is normally the fastest a case will close.

Given that this is generally a content matter and the dispute seems to have died down in recent weeks, I move to close. Neutralitytalk 22:54, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutralitytalk 22:54, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Grunt 🇪🇺 22:55, 2005 Jun 3 (UTC)
 * ➥the Epopt 00:34, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * →Raul654 18:52, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC) - although I concur with ambi's assessmnet that this was behavior

Oppose
 * Per MarkSweep's comments on the talk page. I also dispute that this was a content matter; there was some quite serious behavioural issues here too, which could do with a ruling. Though it shouldn't be our highest priority case - there's two or three which are much more urgent. Ambi 06:29, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia talk:Requests for arbitration/Instantnood, et al.

Updates to Arb requests

 * Response SchmuckyTheCat 09:35, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Regarding the evidence and her/his latest response, I have responded at this section of the additional information to my statement.  — Instantnood 11:09, Mar 30, 2005 (UTC)

Mediator's intervention
I've got a pretty good discussion going between STC and IN, so I think this RFA may prove unnecessary. (No, I wasn't "asked to mediate"; I simply wandered into the fray. And, sorry, I don't know where I'm supposed to put this comment; please move it accordingly. Thanks. -- Uncle Ed (talk) 21:49, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)

Other commentary

 * I'm sorry, perhaps I'm misunderstanding your claim - are you asking the arbcom to rule on whether or not Instantnood is right about his preference in the naming dispute? Snowspinner 14:26, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * I think the statement is pretty clear -- we have ample documentation of the issues on the China NPOV Naming convention going back years.  This is a policy issue and not a content issue because those who oppose the changes consistently cite either the Common Names Naming convention, rehash sides in this decades long dispute, or rehash sides in the policy itself going back years when doing so.  The policy has been adopted and those wishing to revisit the policy again and again are preventing it from being implemented.  --Wgfinley 18:10, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The naming convention certainly does not explicitly mandate use of "mainland China" or "ROC" that I can find, which leads me to believe that you are still arguing that Instantnood's interpretation of how to handle the NPOV policy is correct and other people are wrong. This is fine, but I hope the arbcom does not intend to rule on how best to navigate NPOV in a specific content dispute like this. Snowspinner 18:06, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * Hence we get to why I wasn't going to reply to you -- how about we wait until the case is accepted before we start arguments? --Wgfinley 21:41, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * We agree with you that arbitration is necessary; however, what we are saying is that we want all of the outstanding issues settled, as any disruption — whosoever might be responsible for it — will invariably continue unless some formal settlement is reached. Obviously, there are issues here that are rather beyond the scope of consensus voting at the Wikipedia. Wally 21:16, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Regardless, the arbcom doesn't really do content decisions to my knowledge. Snowspinner 18:06, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * Again, let's wait for the Arbcom to accept the case, then we can make arguments, then the Arbcom can decide what it will make decisions on. --Wgfinley 21:44, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Request for Injunction
The vote page mentioned in jguk's filing on this case is currently on VfD, were the page to be deleted it could jeopardize the retrieval of evidence. We request that in order to preserve the evidence that the vote page be protected from further editing. --Wgfinley 21:50, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Additional Requests for Movement/Injuntion
This case has been sitting here for quite a while now without being opened. I have urged my client to not engage in edit warring with the others involved. This certainly isn't stopping them from going through dozens of articles and POV pushing them and essentially ignoring the NPOV China Naming convention. It appears they have used this case to take advantage of the situation. As evidence, SchmuckyTheCat from 18 April alone:

Changing the content from "mainland China" to "China" or "PRC"

 * Economy of Asia
 * Pacific Rim
 * List of countries and territories by current account balance
 * List of countries and territories by reserves of foreign exchange and gold
 * List of companies in the People's Republic of China (moved from list of companies in mainland China at 16:19, Apr 2, 2005 by SchmuckyTheCat)
 * Economy of Germany
 * Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
 * Walnut, California
 * San Gabriel, California
 * Chinatown in Latin America
 * Economy of Togo
 * Economy of Sudan
 * Economy of Seychelles
 * Economy of South Korea
 * Economy of Myanmar
 * Economy of Mauritius
 * Economy of Laos

Moving articles between categories

 * Special economic zone of the People's Republic of China (from category:Mainland China to category:People's Republic of China, and from category:Economy of mainland China to category:Economy of the People's Republic of China)
 * Chinese ecnomic reform (from category:Mainland China to category:People's Republic of China, and from category:Economy of mainland China to category:Economy of the People's Republic of China)
 * Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (from category:Economy of mainland China to category:Economy of the People's Republic of China)
 * List of companies in the People's Republic of China (moved from category:Companies of mainland China to category:Companies of the People's Republic of China)

I have dozens of more diffs from prior days that I can also bring forward, this is just a sample of one day of activity. My client is going to be criticized/have a case brought against him for actually asking people what they thought in a poll but this behavior of systematically making dozens of moves on a single day is not? We wish to counter against Schmucky's case, have this matter move forward and an injunction be issued prohibiting all parties from making changes to the naming of these articles, categories and creating of additional articles and categories until the case can be heard. --Wgfinley 18:02, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Is this case going anywhere?
This case hase been open for six weeks now, and none of the arbitrators have followed it up. Where is it going? Susvolans (pigs can fly) 07:28, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Little Green (song)

Untitled
Hi everyone, this is my first article so please don't rip me apart for any mistakes, but criticism is most welcomed. (Hautbois 20:30, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC))

title: Talk:Little Green (song)


text:
José A. Muguerza

José Ambrosio Muguerza Crespo (December 7, 1858 – March 14, 1939) was a Mexican born entrepreneur and philanthropist.

In 1934, Meguerza founded the Muguerza Hospital, in Monterrey. Over the next decades, the Catholic, not-for-profit Muguerza Group added hospitals in Monterrey, Puebla, Chihuahua and Reynosa. In April 2001, Muguerza Group partnered with Christus Health, a like-minded organization based in the United States, to form the Christus Muguerza Group alliance, the largest healthcare system in northern Mexico.

Muguerza has also been a founder and/or board member of other Mexican enterprises, including Cervecería Cuauhtémoc, Banco Mercantil de Monterrey, Cementos Mexicanos, Compañía Fundidora de Fierro y Acero de Monterrey and Junta de la Unión Regional Nuevoleonesa.

title: José A. Muguerza


text:
Talk:Intel Ireland

IDA External Link
The external link to the IDA site is dead.

1989
Yes it had a temporary base in Palmerstown, Co. Dublin before its move to Leixlip.

Years
As I understand the facility was founded in 1989. Building commenced in 1990 and production of chips (Fab 10) in 1993 going to full capacity in 1994. In 1998 Fab 14 started production. The nature of microchip production makes it difficult to believe that a production level facility could be running within a year, viz 1990?

pov

 * The plant is seen as a flagship enterprise in Ireland
 * Intel Ireland employs over 5,000 high skilled employees and its pay packets alone have contributed millions to the Irish economy, and its profits, which are taxed at 12.5%, have also contributed millions to the Irish economy
 * Construction of the Fab 24 manufacturing plant in the 2000s has injected millions more into the Irish economy.
 * Considering that Ireland's GDP was about $100bn in 2002, Intel's investment is worth a huge amount to Ireland.
 * Along with the money, Intel has benefited Ireland in other ways. It has helped the IDA attract other US multinational companies to Ireland such as Google, Dell, and eBay.

These could all well be true, but they seem like self-promotion without citing sources --K URANDO 13:35, 11 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree, these are very subjective. Will have a look at ways to fix them. --Dmitry

Media Alert: Intel Starts High-Volume EUV Production in Ireland
Media Alert: Intel Starts High-Volume EUV Production in Ireland. Rjluna2 (talk) 17:58, 28 September 2023 (UTC)

Intel Brings Intel 4 Technology, High-Volume EUV Production to Europe
Press Kit of Intel Brings Intel 4 Technology, High-Volume EUV Production to Europe. Rjluna2 (talk) 18:58, 29 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Intel Ireland


text:
Category talk:Assassinated anarchists

Is this category really necessary? --Tothebarricades.tk 20:31, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

well, what about these lot. Gaetano Bresci Erich Muhsam Guiseppe Pinelli Laureano Cerrada Santos Franco Serrantini

all murdered, if you draw a distinction between murder and official execution. Possibly useful because 'dead anarchists' would be a very long list...

 * I don't know, it just seems silly to have two categories with only a slight semantic difference. Like, where do we put people killed by the State through extralegal means, like Carlo Giuliani? Is that simply "murder" or "execution" by the State? Does "execution" imply a trial, though? Hm. I am of the opinion that execution is just more callous and inhuman form of murder, but I realize that's just an opinion... --Tothebarricades 10:26, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * Why not just combine them and call it "Martyred anarchists?"Dumpster 13:47, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

Overcategorization
Are murdered anarchists somehow a distinct kind of anarchists? Otherwise, this just seems like a meaningless intersection category, which in the spirit of WP:OC is quite unnecessary. -- Visviva 06:33, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Assassinated anarchists


text:
Jerry Vlasak

Jerry Vlasak (born c. 1958) is an American animal rights activist and former trauma surgeon. He is a press officer for the North American Animal Liberation Press Office, a former director of the Animal Defense League of Los Angeles, and a former advisor to SPEAK, the Voice for the Animals.

Vlasak came to public attention in 2003, 2004, and again in 2008, when he made statements favorable to the use of violence against animal researchers. He and his ex-wife, former actress Pamelyn Ferdin, were banned from entering the United Kingdom in 2004, on the grounds that their presence, according to the Home Secretary, "would not be conducive to the public good."

Education and career
Raised in Austin, Texas, Vlasak graduated with an MD from the University of Texas Medical School at Houston in 1984. He is board certified in General Surgery and is licensed as a medical doctor in California and Texas. He was an animal researcher himself, but has since become adamantly opposed to vivisection. According to the Los Angeles Times, he conducted research on dogs' arteries in a laboratory at the Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, during or after which the dogs were killed.

Political activism
Inspired by his now (2019) ex-wife, former actress Pamelyn Ferdin, who was a president of Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty in the U.S., Vlasak became active in promoting animal rights in 1993. He became a spokesperson for the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, although he is no longer a member, and was a board member of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society.

His principal role in the animal liberation movement is as a liaison between the movement and the public, publicizing the movement's "underground" activities in his role as a press officer. He acknowledges his medical background provides a "certain amount of credibility" to the movement and has used it to advocate against the use of animals in scientific experimentation.

In 2005, Dr. Vlasak spoke at length to the Committee on Environment and Public Works's investigation into Eco-terrorism. In his summation, Dr. Vlasak said:

"Here in the U.S., there are thousands of physicians like myself who realize there is no need to kill animals in order to help humans, the vast majority of whom get sick and die because of preventable lifestyle variables such as diet, smoking, drugs and environmental toxins.

In a country where 45 million people do without reliable access to ANY medical care, there is no reason to waste hundreds of millions of dollars testing drugs and procedures on non-human animals.

In a world where 20,000 children are dying from lack of access to clean water each week world wide, there is no reason to waste hundreds of millions of dollars testing drugs and procedures on non-human animals."

Sea Shepherd activism
Vlasak has been active in opposing the seal hunt in Canada, which occurs every year, mostly in March and April. He was punched in the face by sealers during the 2005 hunt on Prince Edward Island, which he attended on behalf of the Sea Shepherd Conversation Society. No charges were brought in connection with the attack. Vlasak was Sea Shepherd's treasurer for many years. During the same hunt, he was one of 11 activists convicted of violating Canada's Department of Fisheries and Oceans regulations, because they watched the hunt without a permit. He was sentenced to 22 days in prison, which he served in a Prince Edward Island jail in 2006.

Conviction
Vlasak was convicted in Los Angeles in 2006 of "targeted protesting" for demonstrating against euthanasia at animal shelters outside the home of a Department of Animal Services employee. He was sentenced to 30 days' electronic monitoring. He appealed and then lost the decision, and subsequently served his sentence.

Views on violence
Vlasak has been criticized for legitimizing the use of violence against animal researchers. He told a discussion group at an animal rights conference in 2003:

"I think there is a use for violence in our movement. And I think it can be an effective strategy. Not only is it morally acceptable, I think that there are places where it could be used quite effectively from a pragmatic standpoint.

For instance, if vivisectors were routinely being killed, I think it would give other vivisectors pause in what they were doing in their work—and if these vivisectors were being targeted for assassination ... —and I wouldn't pick some guy way down the totem pole, but if there were prominent vivisectors being assassinated, I think that there would be a trickle-down effect and many, many people who are lower on that totem pole would say, 'I'm not going to get into this business because it's a very dangerous business ...

And I don't think you'd have to kill—assassinate—too many vivisectors before you would see a marked decrease in the amount of vivisection going on. And I think for 5 lives, 10 lives, 15 human lives, we could save a million, 2 million, 10 million non-human animals.

And I—you know—people get all excited about, 'Oh what's going to happen when the ALF accidentally kills somebody in an arson?' Well, you know I mean, I think we need to get used to this idea. It's going to happen, okay? It's going to happen."

Following the August 2, 2008, firebombing of a house belonging to University of California Santa Cruz animal researchers, Vlasak was quoted as saying "This guy knows what he is doing. He knows that every day that he goes into the laboratory and hurts animals that it is unreasonable not to expect consequences."

In response to a restraining order obtained by UCLA in 2006, Vlasak was quoted as saying "It's laughable that someone willing to face a 30-year sentence for arson will be put off by a restraining order. It's not going to have any effect." Newsweek reported "The ALF Press Office's Vlasak says that the plan will be ineffective, in part because it circumscribes the actions of only five above-ground protesters. 'There [are] 150 more who remain' that can say and do what they want, Vlasak says."

Interview with The Observer
The controversy continued in July 2004 when Jamie Doward of The Observer wrote that Vlasak had told him during an interview: "I think violence is part of the struggle against oppression. If something bad happens to these people [animal researchers], it will discourage others. It is inevitable that violence will be used in the struggle and that it will be effective."

Vlasak responded in a press release that the allegations were part of a smear campaign against him. He wrote: "I was outraged by Jamie Doward's article in the Observer stating that I, a medical doctor who spends my entire life SAVING lives, is calling for or encouraging the assassination or killing of any being, human or non human." He continued:

"People have been killed over absolutely ridiculous things like oil, power and money. It would be 'speciesist' of me to say that in a battle for the moral and ethical high ground ... that there will never be casualties. I'm not encouraging or calling for this, I am simply stating that the animal rights movement is and has been the most peaceful and restrained movement the world has ever known considering the amount of terror, abuse and murder done to innocent animals for greed and profit. If by chance violence is used by those who fight for non human sentient beings, or even if there are casualties, it must be looked at in perspective and in a historical context."

He told the BBC's Today program: "I am personally not advocating, condoning or recommending that anybody be killed. I am a physician who saves lives. I spend my entire day saving people's lives. All I am saying, in a historical context, violence has been used against us as animal rights campaigners and against the animals and is no different from us using violence on the other side."

On Australian television a few months later he said: "Would I advocate taking five guilty vivisectors' lives to save hundreds of millions of innocent animal lives? Yes, I would."

Banned from entering the UK
As a result of the Observer article, the British government announced in August 2004 that Vlasak and his wife were banned from the UK. Vlasak had been due to attend a conference organized by Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (SHAC), an animal-rights campaign to close Huntingdon Life Sciences. The Home Secretary told the couple that their presence in the UK "would not be conducive to the public good."

Vlasak is one of two animal liberation press officers who have been banned from entering the UK. Steven Best, professor of philosophy at the University of Texas, El Paso, and a former press officer, was banned in 2005 to prevent him from addressing an animal rights conference there.

title: Jerry Vlasak


text:
User talk:Teren

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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Zzyzx11 | Talk 20:34, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thanks, making a new article from scratch at the moment, but I have to quit for today, I think I will finish it tomorrow.

Teren 20:37, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Replaceable fair use Image:Linda5.jpg
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title: User talk:Teren


text:
Knoevenagel condensation

In organic chemistry, the Knoevenagel condensation reaction is a type of chemical reaction named after German chemist Emil Knoevenagel. It is a modification of the aldol condensation.

A Knoevenagel condensation is a nucleophilic addition of an active hydrogen compound to a carbonyl group followed by a dehydration reaction in which a molecule of water is eliminated (hence condensation). The product is often an α,β-unsaturated ketone (a conjugated enone).

In this reaction the carbonyl group is an aldehyde or a ketone. The catalyst is usually a weakly basic amine. The active hydrogen component has the form

 * Z\sCH2\sZ or Z\sCHR\sZ for instance diethyl malonate, Meldrum's acid, ethyl acetoacetate or malonic acid, or cyanoacetic acid.
 * Z\sCHRR', for instance nitromethane.

where Z is an electron withdrawing group. Z must be powerful enough to facilitate deprotonation to the enolate ion even with a mild base. Using a strong base in this reaction would induce self-condensation of the aldehyde or ketone.

The Hantzsch pyridine synthesis, the Gewald reaction and the Feist–Benary furan synthesis all contain a Knoevenagel reaction step. The reaction also led to the discovery of CS gas.

Doebner modification

When one of the withdrawing groups on the nucleophile is a carboxylic acid, for example, with malonic acid, the condensation product can undergo a decarboxylation process in a subsequent step. In the so-called Doebner modification the base is pyridine. For example, the reaction product of acrolein and malonic acid in pyridine is trans-2,4-Pentadienoic acid with one carboxylic acid group and not two.

Scope
A Knoevenagel condensation is demonstrated in the reaction of 2-methoxybenzaldehyde 1 with the thiobarbituric acid 2 in ethanol using piperidine as a base. The resulting enone 3 is a charge transfer complex molecule.

The Knoevenagel condensation is a key step in the commercial production of the antimalarial drug lumefantrine (a component of Coartem):

The initial reaction product is a 50:50 mixture of E and Z isomers but because both isomers equilibrate rapidly around their common hydroxyl precursor, the more stable Z-isomer can eventually be obtained.

A multicomponent reaction featuring a Knoevenagel condensation is demonstrated in this MORE synthesis with cyclohexanone, malononitrile and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole:

Weiss–Cook reaction
The Weiss–Cook reaction consists in the synthesis of cis-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3,7-dione employing an acetonedicarboxylic acid ester and a diacyl (1,2 ketone). The mechanism operates in the same way as the Knoevenagel condensation:

title: Knoevenagel condensation


text:
User talk:Teckart

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Zzyzx11 | Talk 20:36, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Teckart


text: User talk:143.158.254.228

title: User talk:143.158.254.228


text:
Moondog (disambiguation)

Moondog was an American composer and musician, born as Louis T. Hardin.

Moondog may also refer to:

Music

 * Moondog, nickname of disc jockey Alan Freed
 * Moondog Coronation Ball, a 1952 event in Cleveland hosted by Freed, generally regarded as the first major Rock and Roll concert
 * The Moondogs, a 1970s punk rock band from Northern Ireland
 * Moondog (band), a late-1980s hardcore band featuring members of Gorilla Biscuits
 * Moondog Jr., a Belgian musical band later known as Zita Swoon
 * Moondog (1956 album), an album by Moondog
 * Moondog (1969 album), an album by Moondog
 * Moondog Matinee, a 1973 covers album by The Band in tribute to Alan Freed's The Moondog Radio Show

Other

 * Moondog Rex (1950–2019), an American professional wrestler
 * Moondog (comics), a comic by George Metzger
 * Moondog, a character in the comic strip Monty
 * Moondog (sculpture), created by Tony Smith
 * Moon dog, a bright spot on a lunar halo
 * Moondog, mascot of the Cleveland Cavaliers NBA basketball team
 * The Moondogs (professional wrestling), a professional wrestling stable
 * Moondog Mayne, a common ring name of professional wrestler Ronald Doyle Mayne
 * Moon Dogs, science fiction short stories by Michael Swanwick
 * Moondog, the main character in the Harmony Korine movie The Beach Bum
 * Moondog Brewery, craft brewery based in Melbourne Australia that occasionally collaborates with Mountain Goat Beer

title: Moondog (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Miksa Fenyő

Untitled
I only found 4 hits with google - does he need this much detail? Biography entries like 'Miksa turned 80' seem a bit excessive. Could someone who knows more about him than me trim it down please? - Inebriatedonkey

-Due to the Cold War, including almost 45 years of information suppression on the part of the Stalinists and pseudo-Communists, information about famous historic Hungarian persons is only now beginning to appear in Western intellectual culture. That said, perhaps you should place this name in its Hungarian order on google, yahoo, alta-vizsla, etc... Input = Fenyõ Miksa. Let me know what you find and think. - Lightning-Feather 04:43, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

I should think these are Sources that should and can be Cited:

http://www.pim.hu/object.ff408e75-fa04-4c77-8e2b-8e31cf18d060.ivy

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/423278/Nyugat

http://www.uv.es/EBRIT/macro/macro_5002_97_5.html

http://www.britannica.com/facts/5/255253/Nyugat-as-discussed-in-Hungarian-literature

http://www.loc.gov/fedsearch/metasearch/?cclquery=Miksa+Fenyo&search_button=GO#query=(Miksa%20Fenyo)&filter=pz:id=lcweb|ammem|catalog|ppoc|thomas 81.105.119.114 (talk) 10:14, 30 October 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Miksa Fenyő


text:
Daewoo Nubira

Daewoo Nubira is a compact car which was produced by the South Korean automaker Daewoo from 1997 to 2002 as a 4-door sedan, 5-door hatchback and a 5-door station wagon.

Development
The Daewoo Nubira (J100 platform) was released in 1997 reflecting Daewoo's new found design and manufacturing process. Production took under 30 months by ex-Porsche and BMW engineering chief Dr. Ulrich Bez (later of Aston Martin), with Daewoo's growing in-house R&D network in Korea, Worthing and Munich collaborating with the world's best engineering consultancies. Styling was done by I.DE.A Institute in Italy, and other companies involved in the development programme included Ricardo and GM Holden. Built in Kunsan, South Korea in a factory equipped with sophisticated laser-guided robots, it was developed as a replacement. People weren't entirely sure what was the replacement, but Daewoo said that not only did it replace the lower and medium specification of the Espero, but also those at the upper end line-up of the Nexia.

Overview
The name Nubira (누비라) is the command form of the Korean verb Nubida (누비다), meaning to crisscross. Thus the name was chosen to convey the aspiration that this car would be seen crisscrossing every corner of the globe.

The Nubira II (J150) (facelift) was released for the model year 2000. Over 90 improvements were made by Daewoo's Worthing Technical Centre in the United Kingdom, including an increase in passenger space and a decrease in noise, harshness and vibration (by adding a fourth engine mount and retuning the intake resonators for example). Offset crash performance was further improved in the second generation, as demonstrated by Australian ANCAP tests, though it fell well short of exemplary performance. The exterior was reworked, including the revamped front, a more angular rear and door mirrors creating a more dynamic upright and swept look of the era, a design later seen reflected by the Lexus ES350 and 2004 Mitsubishi Diamante.

International market Nubiras had a choice of a Daewoo "E-Tec" 1.3,"E-Tec" 1.6, or Holden 1.8 or 2.0-litre inline-four gasoline engines: no diesel version was ever offered, although the Worthing Technical Centre installed Renault's F8 1.9-litre engine in a small number of test vehicles, under a development programme known as J151.

The Nubira was also briefly produced from CKD kits on Taganrog, Russia TagAZ factory; it was marketed as the Doninvest Orion by the Russian automaker Doninvest. Until 2008, Daewoo Nubira was produced in Romania in a former Daewoo factory which had the licence from GM Daewoo. The Daewoo Nubira was still produced in Egypt in 2008, in a former Daewoo factory which has the licence from GM Daewoo.

The Nubira was replaced in 2004 with the J200 Daewoo Lacetti, under GMDAT management with a new Pininfarina-designed body offered as a sedan, station wagon, and Italdesign hatchback. It was sold in some European markets as the Chevrolet Nubira and in the United States as the Suzuki Forenza and Reno.

European market
In all European markets, production starts in 1997 and facelifts were done in 1999.

United Kingdom
Daewoo announced that production of the Nubira would begin in Autumn 1997 along with the new Daewoo range (that is with the Lanos and Leganza).

At 9 September 1997, prices were confirmed for the Nubira to go to sale on 11 September 1997:

The four-model range offered two engines which included the 1.6 and the 2.0. There were two equipment levels, SE and CDX and two body styles, a four-door saloon and a five-door estate. The five-door hatchback was not offered at all. All models had the following equipment: air-conditioning, ABS, driver and front passenger airbags, alarm, engine immobiliser, power steering, electric front windows, central locking, metallic paint and RDS radio/cassette players as standard. The only differences were that the SE had hubcaps, non-body coloured door handles and door mirrors and 'SE' emblems at the body wings. Alloy wheels were an option on the SE model. However, the CDX came with alloy wheels, body-coloured door handles and wing mirrors, rear electric windows and 'CDX' emblems at the body wings. Then, promotions were extended to one years' free insurance for the new range from 1 January 1998.

New finance packaging were provided and the prices were cut by £425 for 1999. In 2001, prices were reduced another £1,230.

Reviewing
The AA first tested out the Nubira in August 1997. They claimed that the ride was subtle and the driving experience was decent. In conclusion, they said that its keen value for money and decent equipment makes it a good family car. However, for them it was just another family car, rather competent than trendsetting.

After that, in November 1998, AA tested out the 1.6 SE version of the Nubira estate. The way it drove, versatility and its good conglomeration of styling in Italy, Engineered in Britain and assembled in South Korea is what the AA liked about it. Their verdict was that it was a sensibly competent rather than a crowd-drawing performer, it fitted a lot of motoring for the money and the aftersales package was outstanding.

Finally, the facelift version of the Nubira was tested in July 1999. The AA liked its comfort (particularly the seats) yet some of the mechanical improvements weren't very good for them; for instance despite the new engine management system, they thought the new two litre engine still suffered a nasty 'shunt' as the accelerator was released and applied. The verdict was the facelift made it a more refined and comfortable car with the sublime aftersales peace-of-mind package.

Facelift (Nubira J150)
On 22 July 1999, the facelift of the Nubira was announced, barely after 24 months of its official release in the UK. Engines (1.6 and 2.0 litres) were revised too, including decreased torque and performance yet making it more economical.

Limited edition models included price reduction for the 1.6 SE 4-door (£9,995). The saving (on equivalent models) was £1,814. Extra equipment included 14" alloy wheels, metallic/mica paint and a CD autochanger free-of-charge. Also, Daewoo provided finance offers, which means more promotions and expanding it on the Nubira Estate. For the Nubira, offers included 0% Hire Purchase, 36 months, 40% deposit on CDX. In 2002, Daewoo provided a £1,500 cashback on the Nubira CDX.

Recalls
On 18 June 2001, Daewoo recalled 3,000 Nubira CDX's due to a fault in the fuel filter.

The Netherlands
In the Netherlands, there were three trim levels available, SE (base model), SX and CDX with three body types including the hatchback, saloon and estate. Prices varied depending on the model, starting from less than €15,000 for the base model saloon to less than €20,500 for the top-of-the-range estate. Prices were then varied for the facelift, which started from €15,395 for the base model hatchback all the way up to €21,095 for the top-of-the-range estate.

North American market
Production began in 2000. In the United States, the Nubira was marketed with Daewoo's smaller subcompact Lanos and midsize Leganza. Daewoo had a difficult time entering the US auto market due to financial trouble at home; with 2002 being the last model year available due to bankruptcy and a lack of new product. In North America, the cars are relatively obscure, if not rare, and sourcing parts for them became relatively difficult; though many powertrain parts were shared worldwide with other GM platforms (Opel, Holden, Isuzu).

Promotions were provided, including a peace-of-mind 3-year/36,000 mile comprehensive warranty, 3-year/24-hour priority assistance program and a 5 year/60,000 mile powertrain warranty. All with no extra charge. United States Nubira models came equipped only with an Australian built Holden produced DOHC 16-valve 2.0-liter inline-4 General Motors "D-Tec" gasoline engine paired with either a Daewoo-designed D-20 five-speed manual transaxle or optional GM sourced 4T40E automatic. Producing 136 lbft torque at 4,400 rpm, the GM Family-II engine had a square 3.4" stroke and a 3.4" bore and at 5,400 rpm making 129 bhp. Two trim levels were available, SE and CDX. All Nubira's were equipped with power-steering and an array of other standard equipment. CDX models got extra equipment, like air conditioning, cruise control, alarm with keyless entry, alloy wheels and a CD player.

title: Daewoo Nubira


text:
Talk:USS Fox (DD-234)

Image
Image available at. I plan to upload soon. Jinian 20:38, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:USS Fox (DD-234)