text:
User:Geraki/monobook.js

// importScript('User:ProveIt GT/ProveIt.js'); // User:ProveIt GT/ProveIt.js

//

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Geraki/monobook.js


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File:The Omac Project (comic) first issue cover.jpg

Summary
Cover to The OMAC Project #1; used to illustrate the subject of the article.

All DC and/or WildStorm characters and the distinctive likeness(es) thereof are trademarks of and copyright DC Comics and/or WildStorm Productions, an imprint of DC Comics. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Fair use for The OMAC Project
The image 1-omac.jpg is being linked here; though the picture is originally copyright I (GentlemanGhost) feel it is covered by fair use because:
 * 1) it is a low resolution copy of a comic book cover;
 * 2) it does not limit the copyright owners rights to sell the comic book in any way;
 * 3) copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the comic book;
 * 4) the particular cover is considered significant because it was the first issue of the series;


text:
File:Rann–Thanagar War (no. 1 - DC Comics, 2005, front cover).jpg

Summary
Cover of Rann-Thanagar War #1, © DC Comics 2005-6. Art by Ivan Reis and Marc Campos.


text: File:"Day of Vengeance" no. 1 (2005 - front cover).jpg


text:
Paceville

Paceville ( sometimes abbreviated PV) is a district in St Julian's which is the main nightlife hub in Malta, being heavily populated with nightclubs, bars, strip clubs, pubs and restaurants. It is hence also known as 'Malta's Sin City'. Paceville is located between Spinola Point and Dragonara Point, delimiting Spinola Bay and St. George's Bay respectively.

In 2016, it was estimated that Paceville's population stood around 1,939, of which 1,160 were foreigners.

Early years
Paceville traces its origins in the 1910s and 1920s when prominent lawyer and developer Dr Giuseppe Pace (1890–1971) built a few seaside residences in the area of St. Julian's known as 'il-Qaliet', the small bay between the Dragonara Peninsula and Portomaso. Some of these residencies are still there today, although they are now surrounded by the multi-storey apartments and hotels in the area.

Pace's houses were initially rented out to a number of British servicemen who were stationed in the nearby St. Andrew's and St. George's barracks. In the period between the two World Wars, some of these early Paceville residences started to be rented to the Maltese as well. With the arrival of locals in the area of St. Julian's, Dr Pace decided to finance the building of a chapel run by the Augustinian fathers. In December 2000 an adoration chapel known as the Millennium Chapel was inaugurated and two years later an adjoining complex known as WOW ("Wishing Others Well"). This serves the needs of various voluntary groups that offer free community services to callers from all over Malta; the WOW chapel is all day and night. Prior to the construction of the chapel in Paceville, the Augustinian order in Malta had already built another chapel as well as a convent in St. George's Bay, dedicated to St Rita. These buildings too are still standing and are located just behind Bay Street.

Redevelopment
The areas around Paceville after the war were mostly farming communities surrounded with fields, and Paceville itself only had a few restaurants. Unlike today, parking in Paceville was relatively straightforward as people used to park their cars in fields, one of them being the field on which the St. George's Park hotel was built.

Paceville's slow transition into a tourist hub commenced in the 1960s, when two major hotel corporations, the Sheraton and the Hilton, developed five-star hotel properties in the area.

The Sheraton opened its hotel in the Dragonara Peninsula. Prior to its transformation, the Dragonara Hotel served other purposes. Originally it was the summer residence of Malta's wealthiest banker, Marquis Emanuel Scicluna, known as ic-Cisk. In times of war, the palace was converted into a military hospital and headquarters of voluntary services. It was redeveloped as a casino, and has now since been redeveloped again in the 1990s by Westin Hotels.

At around the same time, a number of bars and clubs started to open in the area in view of the increasing number of British servicemen and tourists living in St. Julian's, St. Andrew's and Pembroke. Throughout the years, bars, clubs, discotheques and additional hotels were developed. Nowadays Paceville is full of nightclubs, strip-clubs, bars and restaurants.

Nowadays many youths from 13 years old upwards go to Paceville frequently. Fights and violent incidents happen frequently.

On 15 November 2015, a glass banister collapsed in the +1 Club injuring 71 young people, with 2 being critically injured. The incident triggered concerns about children going to Paceville, and both Prime Minister Joseph Muscat and Leader of the Opposition Simon Busuttil have called for better safety measures.

title: Paceville


title: File:4-villain.jpg


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User talk:Springmourning05

Why did you remove the disputed tag on Future energy development as your first and only edit on Wikipedia? zen master   T  22:47, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Springmourning05


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/James Leach (Sikth Member)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was deleted already. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 15:06, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

James Leach (Sikth Member), Mikee W. Goodman, Justin Hill, Dan Weller, Pin (Sikth Member), Dan 'Loord' Foord
Doesn't seem notable to me. Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 22:47, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * If his band membership is the only fact that can be said about him, redirect to Sikth. Postdlf 22:58, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, all the other guys in the band have articles, though it appears that the band is called SikTh. RickK 23:02, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge. non-notable. He, and the other band members too, should be redirected to Skith. Therefore I'm nominating the others here too via redirects. Master Thief Garrett 23:17, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC) Delete, the others are right, not even worthy of a redirect! Master Thief Garrett 12:25, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC) (see revote below)
 * Redirect. Meelar (talk) 23:27, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all. Notability not established. Even Sikth would be struggling to reach music notability guidelines - they've only released one album on an independent label. Megan1967 04:42, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all. Not notable enough even for redirect. The JPS 09:20, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete all Information merged and standalone articles are not likely to go beyond a stub any time soon if at all. --Cool Cat My Talk 01:44, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete, seems to meet criterion. I have listed all three remaining pages, they weren't listed there before. Master Thief Garrett 23:09, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Pass deflected

In American football, a pass deflected, also known as a pass deflection, a pass defended, a pass defensed [sic], a pass knockdown, or a pass breakup, is an incomplete pass that is caused by a defensive player. This is done by slapping or blocking the ball with a hand or part of the arm, knocking the ball to the ground. It can also be done by aggressively hitting the receiver at the exact moment he first makes contact with the ball, or shortly thereafter, jarring the ball loose. If the defender hits the receiver before the latter first makes contact with the ball, it is pass interference.

title: Pass deflected


text:
User talk:Jagathn

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Burgundavia 22:48, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
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Image:IMGP0246.JPG
Burgundavia 22:49, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Ordoro

A tag has been placed on Ordoro requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think that the page was nominated in error, contest the nomination by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion" in the speedy deletion tag. Doing so will take you to the talk page where you can explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but do not hesitate to add information that is consistent with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. → TheSpecialUser TalkContributions* 04:50, 23 May 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jagathn


text:
User talk:Anrwlias

Welcome to the Wikipedia
I noticed you were new, and wanted to share some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library

For more information click  here . You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Sam Spade 22:48, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks, Sam.

Anrwlias 22:52, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Smile!

has smiled at you! Smiles promote WikiLove and hopefully this one has made your day better. Spread the WikiLove by smiling at someone else, whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past or a good friend. Happy editing! Smile at others by adding {{subst:Smile}} to their talk page with a friendly message. I got a random smile, I'm supposed to spread it. Magidin 03:16, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Anrwlias


text:
Uncompahgre Peak

Uncompahgre Peak is the sixth highest summit of the Rocky Mountains of North America and the U.S. state of Colorado. The prominent 4365.0 m fourteener is the highest summit of the San Juan Mountains and the highest point in the drainage basin of the Colorado River and the Gulf of California. It is located in the Uncompahgre Wilderness in the northern San Juans, in northern Hinsdale County approximately 7 miles (11 km) west of the town of Lake City.

Uncompahgre Peak has a broad summit plateau, rising about 1500 ft above the broad surrounding alpine basins. The south, east and west sides are not particularly steep, but the north face has a 700 ft cliff. Like all peaks in the San Juan Mountains, Uncompahgre is of volcanic origin, but is not a volcano. The rock is of poor quality for climbing, precluding an ascent of the north face.

The most popular route for climbing Uncompahgre Peak is Uncompahgre National Forest Service Trail Number 239, which starts from the end of the Nellie Creek Road, east-southeast of the peak. The Nellie Creek Road is a four wheel drive road accessed from the Henson Creek Road, about 4 mi west of Lake City. The trail to the summit is a strenuous hike rising 2919 ft in elevation in about 3.5 mi. It accesses the summit in a winding ascent, starting from the east, passing over a south-trending ridge, and finishing on the west slopes of the summit plateau.

The peak's name comes from the Ute word Uncompaghre, which loosely translates to "dirty water" or "red water spring" and is likely a reference to the many hot springs in the vicinity of Ouray, Colorado.

Over several days beginning on September 10, 1895, a detachment of the U.S. Army Signal Corps established the world heliograph record from stations atop Mount Ellen, Utah and Mount Uncompahgre, Colorado. The record for visual signaling was established utilizing mirrors 8 inches across and telescopes. The flashing signals communicated over a distance of 183 miles.

Historical names

 * Mount Chauvenet - 1873
 * Unca-pah-gre Mountain
 * Uncompahgre Mountain
 * Uncompahgre Peak – 1907

title: Uncompahgre Peak


text:
User talk:Dwightny

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Burgundavia 22:48, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Image:Tupac1.jpg
Burgundavia 22:49, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

Image:Tupac.gif
Burgundavia 22:52, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Soulive.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Soulive.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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Image Tagging Image:Soulive.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Soulive.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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Orphaned non-free image (Image:Tupac1.jpg)
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Non-free use disputed for Image:Myleftfoot1.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:Logo sesameworkshop.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:Logo.sesameworkshop.jpg
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Gary E. Knell
This is an automated message from CorenSearchBot. I have performed a web search with the contents of Gary E. Knell, and it appears to include a substantial copy of. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions will be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences.

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Duplicate images uploaded
Thanks for uploading Image:Logo.sesameworkshop.jpg. A machine-controlled robot account noticed that you also uploaded the same image under the name Image:Logo sesameworkshop.jpg. The copy called Image:Logo sesameworkshop.jpg has been marked for speedy deletion since it is redundant. If this sounds okay to you, there is no need for you to take any action.

This is an automated message- you have not upset or annoyed anyone, and you do not need to respond. In the future, you may save yourself some confusion if you supply a meaningful file name and refer to 'my contributions' to remind yourself exactly which name you chose (file names are case sensitive, including the extension) so that you won't lose track of your uploads. For tips on good file naming, see Wikipedia's image use policy. If you have any questions about this notice, or feel that the deletion is inappropriate, please contact User:Staecker, who operates the robot account. Staeckerbot 04:00, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

Copyright problem: Gary E. Knell
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Gary E. Knell, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from either web sites or printed material. This article appears to be a copy from http://www.irts.org/docs/Bio-Gary%20Knell.doc, and therefore a copyright violation. The copyrighted text has been or will soon be deleted.

If you believe that the article is not a copyright violation, or if you have permission from the copyright holder to release the content freely under the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) then you should do one of the following:

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If you would like to begin working on a new version of the article you may do so at Talk:Gary E. Knell/Temp. Leave a note at Talk:Gary E. Knell saying you have done so and an administrator will move the new article into place once the issue is resolved. Thank you, and please feel welcome to continue contributing to Wikipedia. Happy editing! — madman bum and angel 23:04, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

Soulive (album)
Hi, I noticed that you created Soulive (album), but listed no sources for the information contained in the article. According to Wikipedia's content policies, all information must be verifiable from reliable sources. Therefore, it's necessary to cite your sources so other editors can check that the information included in the article is correct and matches the sources used. Information not previously published in such sources is prohibited as original research, since other editors can't verify it. Unsourced information may be challenged and removed at any time, and articles that can't be verified are likely to be deleted. Guidance on how to cite your sources is available, and if you need any further help, feel free to leave a message on my talk page.--Unscented (talk) 19:07, 16 March 2009 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Partnership for 21st Century Skills
A tag has been placed on Partnership for 21st Century Skills, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become an encyclopedia article. Please read the guidelines on spam as well as FAQ/Business for more information.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the page does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that they userfy the page or have a copy emailed to you. Abce2 | Access  Denied  20:17, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

May 2009
Welcome to Wikipedia. It might not have been your intention, but you removed a speedy deletion tag from a page you have created yourself. If you do not believe the page should be deleted, you can place a tag on the page, under the existing speedy deletion tag (please do not remove the speedy deletion tag), and make your case on the page's. Administrators will look at your reasoning before deciding what to do with the page. Abce2 | Access  Denied  20:23, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

Please do not add inappropriate external links to Wikipedia, as you did in this edit to Partnership for 21st Century Skills. Inappropriate links include links to personal web sites, links to web sites with which you are affiliated, and links that serve as advertising or promotion. Thank you. Landon1980 (talk) 20:25, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of "Cyber Summit on 21st Century Skills"
A page you created, Cyber Summit on 21st Century Skills, has been tagged for deletion, as it meets one or more of the criteria for speedy deletion; specifically, it is about a club or other organization, but it does not indicate how it is important or significant, and thus why it should be included in an encyclopedia. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, and the guidelines for organizations in particular.

You are welcome to contribute content which complies with our content policies and any applicable inclusion guidelines. However, please do not simply re-create the page with the same content. You may also wish to read our introduction to editing and guide to writing your first article.

Thank you. — Jeff G. (talk|contribs) 20:36, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

Please stop removing speedy deletion notices from pages that you have created yourself. If you continue, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. — Jeff G. (talk|contribs) 20:41, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dwightny


text:
Talk:Born to Run (Bruce Springsteen song)

Untitled
There is one major error in this article. Springsteen was not writing about getting out of Asbury Park, but rather his home town, Freehold. (Freehold is the focus of "My Home Town", which features actual historical events. (I grew upp there as well.)  Note, the line "sprung from cages on Highway Nine..."  This would be U.S Route 9, about ten miles inland and running through Freehold.

The drums are played by Ernest Carter, not Vini Lopez. [22:49, 23 April 2005 70.144.89.154]

What is this? The author seems to know nothing about the song - it was the definition of a generation, and he plays with it like it was null - Someone, please fix this article. [06:39, 13 January 2006 24.5.130.12]

 * There are many authors to this article, not one, and if you think the article is missing something, become an author of it too. That's how Wikipedia works.   Wasted Time R 12:00, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

Alan Clarke, the lead singer of The Hollies, actually recorded a nearly identical version of this song and released it before the Bruce version; although whether from spite, greed, or a sense of humour, I have no idea.

Don't Think Born to Run "Catapulted Springsteen to Stardom"
My understanding is that Springsteen considered "Born to Run" a failure, commercially (at least the song, if not the album). After all, per the article, it peaked at only #23.

I think I may have got this from VH1 Behind the Music. Also, another nice detail (I think from the same program) is that he called Born to Run his "shot at the title". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.57.246.225 (talk) 19:20, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Borntorunsingle.jpg
Image:Borntorunsingle.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 18:48, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Signature song?
Is this really his signature song? To me (I'm no Springsteen expert so I may be wrong) Born in the USA (song) is at least as popular, if not more so. Sure Born to Run is one of his most popular songs no doubt about it, but his signature song? I dunno about that. I'd feel happier if that was sourced as well but its not. Deamon138 (talk) 23:08, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Hm. I suppose it comes down the the distinction between "most popular" and "signature". Personally, I feel that while Born In The USA is probably as well-known as Born To Run, it's not as inextricably associated with him as Born to Run. I think Springsteen is associated more with the style of the latter, too. Having said that, it's a debatable point, so if the consensus is that it should be removed (or a decent cite found for it) I'm perfectly happy with that. Wezzo (talk) (ubx) 10:41, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

 * You're probably right. I only have the Born to Run album, so I'm not confident enough to disagree at all. I also agree that it needs a source if it's going to say it's his signature song. Deamon138 (talk) 20:54, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

 * At, it says, "Senator Lesniak sponsored a Senate resolution praising Springsteen for his inspiring music over the last 30 years, including his signature song, "Born To Run."" Is that a reliable enough source for this? Deamon138 (talk) 20:58, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Tough call once again. I'm not sure. I'd lean towards yes, but that might be the Born to Run fan in me speaking. :) I notice that fansite call it his "signature song", though (June 4th update), if that carries any weight. Wezzo (talk) (ubx) 22:17, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

Critical appraisals
This section is crap. Really pointless. I just had to change its title from "Critical zppraisals". Motion to get rid of the whole damn section. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.3.131.189 (talk) 14:26, 8 July 2010 (UTC)

 * I agree, the section is terrible - the single article it includes is poorly written and doesn't seem relevant to the cultural reception of the song. I've deleted it. Kilburn London (talk) 10:15, 5 November 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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No Video
I took out an uncited and anonymous claim (which admittedly has survived for a long time) that "No music video was made for the original release of 'Born to Run, as they had not achieved significant popularity at the time." The pronoun "They" presumably refers to Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band. I am not sure where the dividing line between significant and insignificant popularity was, but Springsteen was at least insignificantly popular right from the beginning of his recording career, and he was always well-supported by his record label. An earlier uncited claim is less inaccurate: i.e., "'Born to Run predates the music video era and no film or video clip was made of it at the time." In the mid-1970s there were few places to show music videos on TV (especially in the USA), there was no home video, and even big acts (with some exceptions) rarely made them. The absence of a promotional video for this single wasn't especially noteworthy one way or another. Timothy Horrigan (talk) 00:16, 21 November 2017 (UTC)

Brass and strings
Who arranged the brass and strings? 110.175.229.57 (talk) 12:25, 26 September 2018 (UTC)

Requested move 3 December 2022

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. Consensus is currently against moving. (closed by non-admin page mover) echidnaLives  -  talk  -  edits  04:48, 10 December 2022 (UTC)

Born to Run (Bruce Springsteen song) → Born to Run (song) – As a follow-up to a recent Rfd, it is odd that the primary topic overall for Born to Run is the Springsteen album, but the title track is not the primary topic among other songs. In the last month, the Springsteen song has over twice the page views as the other pages listed at Born to Run (disambiguation) combined, which includes the Lynyrd Skynyrd album, of which Born to Run is merely a black-listed song on the album. Thus, I propose this move to make the Springsteen song the primary topic among songs with that title per WP:INCDAB. A hatnote will lead users to the music section at the dab page for those seeking other songs. Pinging participants at Rfd:, Mdewman6 (talk) 02:15, 3 December 2022 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Oppose malformed RM - target is a redirect to DAB. We have more than one song article "Born to Run" (Emmylou Harris song) (1982) so by definition this song cannot be WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. In ictu oculi (talk) 12:52, 3 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose per previous discussion.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 17:59, 3 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose as two songs with the same title has separate Wikipedia articles. I am in agreement with In ictu oculi. Aoba47 (talk) 22:50, 3 December 2022 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Human rights abuse

This page should be merged with Human rights violation. freestylefrappe 22:51, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

One has also to check the phrasings carefully to the wikisource of Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Some phrases are a bit careless. mikka (t) 01:52, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

I agree, it is about the same topic, however some of the info is inaccurate and carelessly written. Possible one should be deleted... probably Human Rights Violations

Page Merger
This page has had Human Rights violations merged into it.Judgesurreal777 21:56, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Human rights abuse


text:
Interface, Inc.

Interface, Inc. is a global manufacturer of commercial flooring with an integrated collection of carpet tiles and resilient flooring, including luxury vinyl tiles (LVT) and nora brand rubber flooring.

Company information
Interface, Inc. and its subsidiaries sells modular carpet tiles, luxury vinyl tile and Nora brand rubber flooring.

Its founder, Ray Anderson, was featured in the documentary film The Corporation discussing environmental sustainability in modern business. Interface was founded in 1973 by Ray Anderson, whose decade and a half in the carpet trade had led him to create one of the first U.S. manufacturers of carpet tiles, also known as modular carpet or carpet squares. Carpet tiles, which originated in Europe, became highly popular during the 1980s as an alternative to broadloom carpet, especially in office environments that at the time were switching to flexible, “open” plans that required easy access to wiring and infrastructure beneath floors. Interface grew to become the largest carpet-tile maker on the planet.

Then, starting in 1994, Interface focused on environmental sustainability, especially in reducing the use of petroleum. At this time, the company announced a program called Mission Zero with a goal of eliminating any negative impact the company may have on the environment by 2020. Since 1996, Interface chose to adopt an innovation-based green strategy. In a short period, it managed to reduce its impact on the environment by one third. Each year, the company releases its annual EcoMetrics, demonstrating the company’s environmental impact and progress.

In 2016, Interface announced its new mission, Climate Take Back, which aimed to reverse global warming. In 2018, Interface announced that all of its products, including all carpet tile and luxury vinyl tile (LVT), are carbon neutral across the entire product lifecycle through its Carbon Neutral Floors program. in 2019, 90% of Interface’s energy came from renewables.

Interface was recognized as Recyclers of the Year by the Carpet America Recovery Effort (CARE). In 2006 and 2016, Interface was voted number one in Globescan's survey of environmentally sustainable businesses. They are also the recipient of The Queen's Award for Enterprise: Sustainable Development (Environmental Achievement) (2008). Consumer advocate Ralph Nader has heralded Ray Anderson and Interface for their sincere commitment to sustainability and protecting the planet's natural resources.

Historical

 * 1973: Ray Anderson creates Carpets International.
 * 1974: Carpets International introduces GlasBac, a patented structured backing system that has become the industry standard for high-performance modular backings.
 * 1982: Carpets International becomes Interface Flooring Systems, Inc, and acquires Compact Carpet of Canada, renaming it Interface Flooring Systems Canada, Inc.
 * 1994: Ray Anderson experiences "spear in the chest” epiphany, leading Interface to establish Mission Zero.
 * 1994: Ray Anderson reads Paul Hawken's book The Ecology of Commerce, inspiring his first environmental speech; develops framework to track and measure sustainability progress, classified as Mount Sustainability.
 * 1995: Interface establishes ReEntry Recycling Program, which reclaims carpet to ensure used flooring tiles do not end up in landfills.
 * 1996: Interface partners with yarn suppliers to develop recycled nylon.
 * 1998: The company introduces NexStep polyurethane cushion backing.
 * 2001: Interface establishes new backing system, GlasBacRE, now featuring up to 81% total recycled content.
 * 2003: Interface launches first residential product through FLOR.
 * 2003: Interface becomes the first carpet company to receive Environmentally Preferable Product (EPP) certification for its products and the first company to introduce Climate Neutral product offering through its Cool Carpet program.
 * 2006: Interface unveils TacTiles, the first glue-free and sustainable flooring installation method.
 * 2008: Interface is first to pilot Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs).
 * 2010: Interface develops first product with 100% recycled nylon with yarn supplier Aquafil.
 * 2012: Interface announces Net-Works in partnership with the Zoological Society of London to collect discarded fishing nets for recycling into new yarn.
 * 2015: Interface introduces Skinny Planks, 25 x 100 cm carpet planks that can be used to create similar patterns to those found on timber or vinyl flooring.
 * 2016: Interface launches new mission, Climate Take Back, which aims to reverse global warming.
 * 2017: Interface announces entry into the hard surface flooring category with a line of luxury vinyl tile (LVT).
 * 2017: Interface announces Proof Positive, a first-of-its-kind, carbon negative carpet tile prototype.
 * 2018: Interface develops first carbon negative carpet tile backing, CircuitBac Green, to further reduce flooring’s carbon footprint.
 * 2018: Interface acquires Nora Systems.
 * 2019: Interface declares its entire portfolio carbon neutral across the entire product lifecycle through its Carbon Neutral Floors program.
 * 2019: Interface celebrates Mission Zero success and continues to activate on Climate Take Back; releases 25th Sustainability Report, highlighting lessons learned and key EcoMetrics.

title: Interface, Inc.


text:
Lady Tennant Stradivarius

The Lady of Tennant-Lafont Stradivarius is an antique violin made by the Italian luthier Antonio Stradivari of Cremona in 1699, one year before the beginning of his so-called 'golden' period.

Lady Tennant was once owned by the nineteenth century violinist, Charles Philippe Lafont, contemporary of Niccolò Paganini. After the death of Lafont, the violin was acquired by the London violin dealer W.E. Hill & Sons, who in turn sold it to Sir Charles Clow Tennant. This Scottish businessman presented the violin to his wife, Marguerite Agaranthe Miles Tennant, an amateur violinist, as a gift.

On April 22, 2005, the Lady Tennant sold for a record US$2,032,000 at Christie's auction in New York and was presented on loan to violinist Yang Liu through the auspices of the Stradivari Society of Chicago. In 2009 it was given on loan to Belgian violinist Yossif Ivanov.

title: Lady Tennant Stradivarius


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Disney pins

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge/redirect. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 21:06, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

Disney pins
Trivial, nonencyclopedic collectorcruft. Delete. Postdlf 22:53, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * (Note: User:Speedway originally added the link for a vfd on this article to the daily log, but did not add a vfd tag to the article nor fill out this voting page. I'm completing and endorsing his nomination.)  Postdlf 22:55, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, pseudo-ad, trivial, non-encyclopedic collectorcruft. Master Thief Garrett 02:36, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC) Keep until such time as it can be Merged with Disneyana. Master Thief Garrett 01:17, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, advert, cruft. Megan1967 04:26, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, I think I gave my reason somewhere on Wikipedia lol....but you all seem to have made your own minds up. --Speedway 10:09, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * See above, it seems you didn't finish your nomination, or, at least, not correctly... it's hard to remember all those steps... Master Thief Garrett 11:29, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Disney Pin Trading (and merge if anything's worth merging). This is unfortunately a major thing. They have huge kiosks set up in the parks just for pin trading. --SPUI (talk) 12:21, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Just... just... *just* for pin trading? And here I thought LEGO shows would look weird to the uninitiated... But you might be right about redirecting... Master Thief Garrett 12:47, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * merge/redirect to Disney Pin Trading. Lochaber 00:24, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I question whether Disney pin trading should exist either, though you can consider merging there my backup vote if outright deletion fails. I think the general term for Disney collectables is "Disneyana"—maybe someone knowledgeable should create that and merge both pin articles there.  Postdlf 00:32, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 43,900 Google matches for "pin trading" disney and 20,900 for "disney pin trading". It's fucking stupid, but a whole lot of people do it. Though I wouldn't oppose a move/merge with Disneyana, I think it's notable enough to stay on its own. --SPUI (talk) 00:48, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed, the other article is a stub as it is. Your Disneyana link doesn't work but it could be Disneymania or Mickeyana or something for all we know. Merge both into the core Disney collectible page, I say... Master Thief Garrett 00:54, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Disneyana would be the page for that; it's just not been created. --SPUI (talk) 00:58, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with SPUI. If and when the Disneyana article is created, this article should be merged into it. I have brought it up to code, and should be kept the way it is (unless edits are necessary) until it can be merged. --Evanwohrman 00:29, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree as well. I'm changing my vote. Master Thief Garrett 01:17, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
List of version-control software

This is a list of notable version control software systems.

Common attributes

 * Openness, whether the software is open source or proprietary
 * Repository model, how working and shared source code is handled
 * Shared, all developers use the same file system
 * Client–server, users access a master repository server via a client; typically, a client machine holds only a working copy of a project tree; changes in one working copy are committed to the master repository before becoming available to other users
 * Distributed, repositories act as peers; typically each user has a local repository clone with complete version history in addition to their working files

Active

 * AccuRev [proprietary, client-server] [proprietary, client-server] – source configuration management tool with integrated issue tracking based on "Streams" that manages parallel and global development; replication server is also available; now owned by Micro Focus

 * Autodesk Vault [proprietary, client-server] – Version control tool specifically designed for Autodesk applications managing the complex relationships between design files such as AutoCAD and Autodesk Inventor

 * CADES [proprietary, client-server] – Designer productivity and version control system by International Computers Limited

 * ClearCase [proprietary, client-server] – MSSCCI compliant (Source Control Plug-in API) configuration management system by IBM Rational Software

 * Concurrent Versions System (CVS) [open, client-server] – originally built on RCS, licensed under the GPL
 * CVSNT – cross-platform port of CVS that allows case insensitive file names among other changes
 * OpenCVS – unreleased CVS clone under a BSD license, emphasizing security and source code correctness

 * Darcs [open, distributed] – originally developed by David Roundy; track inter-patch dependencies and automatically rearrange and cherry-pick them using a theory of patches

 * Dimensions CM [proprietary, client-server] – software change and configuration management system developed by Micro Focus, formerly Serena Software, that includes revision control

 * Fossil [open, distributed] – written by D. Richard Hipp for SQLite; distributed revision control, wiki, bug-tracking, and forum (all-in-one solution) with console and web interfaces; single portable executable and single repository file

 * Git [open, distributed] – designed by Linus Torvalds for Linux kernel development; decentralized; goals: fast, flexible, and robust

 * Global Design Platform (GDP) – [proprietary, client-server] design data management for IC design and Perforce infrastructure support

 * Integrity

 * Helix Core (formerly Perforce Helix) [proprietary, client-server] – for large scale development environments

 * Mercurial [open, distributed] – written in Python as an open source replacement to BitKeeper; decentralized and aims to be fast, lightweight, portable, and easy to use

 * Panvalet [proprietary, shared] – Around since the 1970s, source and object control for IBM mainframe computers

 * Plastic SCM (rebranded as Unity Version Control) [open, proprietary] – by Codice Software, Inc and Unity Technologies

 * PVCS [proprietary, client-server] – developed by Don Kinzer at Polytron, first released in 1985; now owned by Micro Focus

 * Razor, integrated suite from Visible Systems

 * Revision Control System (RCS) [open, shared] – stores the latest version and backward deltas for the fastest access to the trunk tip compared to SCCS and an improved user interface, at the cost of slow branch tip access and missing support for included/excluded deltas

 * Source Code Control System (SCCS) [open, shared] – part of UNIX; based on interleaved deltas, can construct versions as arbitrary sets of revisions; extracting an arbitrary version takes essentially the same time and is thus more useful in environments that rely heavily on branching and merging with multiple "current" and identical versions

 * StarTeam [proprietary, client-server] – coordinates and manages software delivery process by Micro Focus, formerly Borland; centralized control of digital assets and activities

 * Subversion (SVN) [open, client-server] – versioning control system inspired by CVS

 * Surround SCM [proprietary, client-server] – version control tool by Seapine Software

 * Synergy [proprietary, client-server] – MSSCCI compliant (Source Control Plug-in API) integrated change management and task-based configuration management system, proprietary of IBM

 * Team Concert [proprietary, client-server] – Collaboration and application lifecycle management platform by IBM Rational Software

 * Team Foundation Version Control [proprietary, client-server] – version control system developed by Microsoft for Team Foundation Server, now Azure DevOps Server

 * The Librarian [proprietary, shared] – Around since 1969, source control for IBM mainframe computers; from Applied Data Research, later acquired by Computer Associates

 * Vault [proprietary, client-server] – version control tool by SourceGear; first installation can be used for free

 * Visual SourceSafe (VSS) [proprietary, client-server] – version control tool by Microsoft; oriented toward small teams

Obsolete
The following have been discontinued or not released in more than a decade.

 * Bazaar – [open, distributed] written in Python, originally by Martin Pool and sponsored by Canonical; decentralised: goals: fast and easy to use; can losslessly import Arch archives; replaced by friendly fork named Breezy

 * BitKeeper [open, distributed] – (discontinued) was used in Linux kernel development (2002 – April 2005) until its license was revoked for breach of contract; open-sourced in 2016

 * Code Co-op [open, proprietary] – (discontinued) peer-to-peer version control system (can use e-mail for synchronization)

 * Configuration Management Version Control (CMVC)[proprietary, client-server] – version control system, no longer available

 * GNU arch - A very early [open, distributed]; deprecated since 2009 in favor of Bazaar

 * DCVS – A decentralized spin on CVS, last released 2006 and since discontinued

 * Monotone – [open, distributed], not updated since 2011

 * Quma Version Control System – [open] VCS, final release 2010, abandoned 2013

 * Sun WorkShop TeamWare – Designed by Larry McVoy, creator of BitKeeper

 * Vesta [open, client-server] – (discontinued) build system with a versioning file system and support for distributed repositories

title: List of version-control software


text: Category:422 BC deaths

title: Category:422 BC deaths


text:
Lisgar (electoral district)

Lisgar was a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1871 to 1988. This riding was created following the admission of Manitoba into the Canadian Confederation in 1870.

It was abolished in 1987 when it was redistributed into Portage—Interlake, Brandon—Souris, Lisgar—Marquette and Provencher ridings.

Election results
By-election: As a result of Manitoba joining Confederation, 15 July 1870

By-election: On Mr. Richardson's election being declared void, 20 July 1901

By-election: On Mr. Muir's death, 26 August 1970

title: Lisgar (electoral district)


text:
Wikipedia:Cleanup Taskforce/Peter Llewelyn-Davies

Peter Llewelyn-Davies
(From Cleanup) Peter Llewelyn-Davies - Article is mostly just unsourced quotes from the subject's son. POV might be accurate, but without sources it just seems biased. Needs more meat as well. | Keithlaw 21:49, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Referred to Katefan0 · Katefan0(scribble) 22:54, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Cleaned, expanded, added photo. · Katefan0(scribble) 16:43, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * I added the factual verification tag since I do not see any references cited. Not Katefan0s fault. There is a link for an article but not a full citation. I will add the full citation and then remove the tag. --Woohookitty 23:20, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)


text: File:Kmfdmglory.jpg

title: File:Kmfdmglory.jpg


text:
Histiocyte

A histiocyte is a vertebrate  cell that is part of the mononuclear phagocyte system (also known as the reticuloendothelial system or lymphoreticular system). The mononuclear phagocytic system is part of the organism's immune system. The histiocyte is a tissue macrophage or a dendritic cell (histio, diminutive of histo, meaning tissue, and cyte, meaning cell). Part of their job is to clear out neutrophils once they've reached the end of their lifespan.

Development
Histiocytes are derived from the bone marrow by multiplication from a stem cell. The derived cells migrate from the bone marrow to the blood as monocytes. They circulate through the body and enter various organs, where they undergo differentiation into histiocytes, which are part of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS).

However, the term histiocyte has been used for multiple purposes in the past, and some cells called "histocytes" do not appear to derive from monocytic-macrophage lines. The term Histiocyte can also simply refer to a cell from monocyte origin outside the blood system, such as in a tissue (as in rheumatoid arthritis as palisading histiocytes surrounding fibrinoid necrosis of rheumatoid nodules).

Some sources consider Langerhans cell derivatives to be histiocytes. The Langerhans cell histiocytosis embeds this interpretation into its name.

Structure
Histiocytes have common histological and immunophenotypical characteristics (demonstrated by immunostains). Their cytoplasm is eosinophilic and contains variable amounts of lysosomes. They bear membrane receptors for opsonins, such as IgG and the fragment C3b of complement. They express LCAs (leucocyte common antigens) CD45, CD14, CD33, and CD4 (also expressed by T helper cells).

Macrophages and dendritic cells
These histiocytes are part of the immune system by way of two distinct functions: phagocytosis and antigen presentation. Phagocytosis is the main process of macrophages and antigen presentation the main property of dendritic cells (so called because of their star-like cytoplasmic processes).

Macrophages and dendritic cells are derived from common bone marrow precursor cells that have undergone different differentiation (as histiocytes) under the influence of various environmental (tissue location) and growth factors such as GM-CSF, TNF and IL-4. The various categories of histiocytes are distinguishable by their morphology, phenotype, and size.
 * Macrophages are highly variable in size and morphology, their cytoplasm contains numerous acid phosphatase laden lysosomes – in relation to their specialised phagocytic function. They express CD68.
 * Dendritic cells have an indented (bean-shaped) nucleus and cytoplasm with thin processes (dendritic). Their main activity is antigen presentation; they express Factor XIIIa, CD1c, and Class II Human leukocyte antigens.

Langerhans cells
A subset of cells differentiates into Langerhans cells; this maturation occurs in the squamous epithelium, lymph nodes, spleen, and bronchiolar epithelium. Langerhans cells are antigen-presenting cells but have undergone further differentiation. Skin Langerhans cells express CD1a, as do cortical thymocytes (cells of the cortex of the thymus gland). They also express S-100, and their cytoplasm contains tennis-racket like ultra-structural inclusions called Birbeck granules.

Clinical significance
Histiocytoses describe neoplasias wherein the proliferative cell is the histiocyte. The most common histiocyte disorders are Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

title: Histiocyte


text:
Marquette (federal electoral district)

Marquette was a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1871 to 1979.

This riding was created in 1871 following the creation of the province of Manitoba in 1870.

It was abolished in 1976 when it was redistributed into Brandon—Souris, Dauphin and Portage—Marquette ridings.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

{| class="wikitable" ! Parliament ! Years ! colspan="2" | Member ! Party ! colspan="2" | Member ! Party
 * - bgcolor="CCCCCC"
 * bgcolor="whitesmoke" align="center" | 1st
 * 1870–1872
 * James S. Lynch
 * Liberal
 * rowspan="1" |
 * rowspan="1" | Angus McKay
 * rowspan="1" | Conservative
 * rowspan="1" | Angus McKay
 * rowspan="1" | Conservative

Election results
By-election: As a result of Manitoba joining Confederation, 15 July 1870

Due to the election being tied, both served in the House of Commons.

By-election: During trial of election petition, 25 August 1874 Ryan was declared the sitting member, as a result of the scrutiny of votes.

By-election: On Mr. Macdonald being appointed Prime Minister of Canada, 16 October 1878. Macdonald chose to run in another riding in his ministerial by-election.

By-election: On Mr. Watson's resignation

By-election: On Mr. Roche being appointed Secretary of State for Canada, 10 October 1911

By-election: On Mr. Glen's resignation, 4 November 1948

title: Marquette (federal electoral district)


text:
Metropolitan planning organization

A Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) is a federally mandated and federally funded transportation policy-making organization in the United States that is made up of representatives from local government and governmental transportation authorities. They were created to ensure regional cooperation in transportation planning. MPOs were introduced by the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1962, which required the formation of an MPO for any urbanized area (UZA) with a population greater than 50,000. Federal funding for transportation projects and programs are channeled through this planning process. Congress created MPOs in order to ensure that existing and future expenditures of governmental funds for transportation projects and programs are based on a continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive ("3-C") planning process. Statewide and metropolitan transportation planning processes are governed by federal law. Transparency through public access to participation in the planning process and electronic publication of plans now is required by federal law. As of 2015, there are 408 MPOs in the United States.

Purpose
Purposes of MPOs:
 * Transportation investment allocates scarce federal and other transportation funding resources;
 * Planning needs to reflect the region's shared vision for its future;
 * Adequate transportation planning requires a comprehensive examination of the region's future and investment alternatives; and
 * An MPO acts as a Council of Governments; that is, it facilitates collaboration of governments, interested parties, and residents in the planning process.

In other words, the federal government requires that federal transportation funds be allocated to regions in a manner that has a basis in metropolitan plans developed through intergovernmental collaboration, rational analysis, and consensus-based decision making.

Governance
Typically, an MPO governance structure includes a variety of committees as well as a professional staff. The "policy committee" is the top-level decision-making body for the planning organization. In most MPOs, the policy committee comprises:
 * elected or appointed officials from local governmental jurisdictions such as municipalities or counties;
 * representatives of different transportation modes, such as public transit, freight, bicycle/pedestrian; and
 * state agency officials such as, state Department of Transportation, environmental agency, etc.; and
 * non-voting members such as FHWA, FTA, FAA, FRA, staff advisers from state departments of transportation, Chambers of Commerce

With only a few unique exceptions nationwide, MPO policy committee members are not elected directly by citizens. Rather, a policy committee member typically is an elected or appointed official of one of the MPO's constituent local jurisdictions. The policy committee member thus has legal authority to speak and act on behalf of that jurisdiction in the MPO setting. Federal law, however, does not require members of an MPO policy committee to be representatives of the metropolitan areas' populations. Systematic studies have found that MPO policy committees' representations of urban municipalities and disadvantaged minority populations in their areas are less than proportional to population. The policy committee's responsibilities include debating and making decisions on key MPO actions and issues, including adoption of the metropolitan long-range transportation plans, transportation improvement programs, annual planning work programs, budgets, and other policy documents. The policy committee also may play an active role in key decision points or milestones associated with MPO plans and studies, as well as conducting public hearings and meetings. An appointed advisory committee (CAC) develops the recommendations for consideration by the policy committee and establishes a ranked proposal for work plans.

Most MPOs also establish a technical committee to act as an advisory body to the policy committee for transportation issues that primarily are technical in nature. The technical committee interacts with the MPO's professional staff on technical matters related to planning, analysis tasks, and projects. Through this work, the technical committee develops recommendations on projects and programs for policy committee consideration. Metropolitan travel forecasting is one of the key roles that the technical committee supports. The technical committee typically comprises staff-level officials of local, state, and federal agencies. In addition, a technical committee may include representatives of interest groups, various transportation modes, and local citizens. A 2005 survey of MPOs nationally commissioned in preparation of "Special Report 288" of the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies found that "forecast by negotiation" was a common method of projecting future population and employment growth for use in travel forecasting, suggesting rent-seeking behavior on the part of MPO committees influencing the technical staff.

Usually MPOs retain a core professional staff in order to ensure the ability to carry out the required metropolitan planning process in an effective and expeditious manner. The size and qualifications of this staff may vary by MPO, since no two metropolitan areas have identical planning needs Most MPOs, however, require at least some staff dedicated solely to MPO process oversight and management because of the complexity of the process and need to ensure that requirements are properly addressed.

Core functions
There are five core functions of an MPO:
 * 1) establish a setting: establish and manage a fair and impartial setting for effective regional decision-making in the metropolitan planning area (MPA). This planning area is intended to be a future growth planning area extending beyond the urbanized area (UZA)
 * 2) evaluate alternatives:  evaluate transportation alternatives, scaled to the size and complexity of the region, to the nature of its transportation issues, and to the realistically available options
 * 3) maintain a regional transportation plan (RTP): develop and update a fiscally constrained long-range transportation plan for the UZA covering a planning horizon of at least twenty years that fosters
 * 4) * mobility and access for people and goods,
 * 5) * efficient system performance and preservation, and
 * 6) * quality of life
 * 7) develop a transportation improvement program (TIP): develop a fiscally constrained program based on the long-range transportation plan and designed to serve the UZA's goals while using spending, regulating, operating, management, and financial tools
 * 8) involve the public: involve the general public and all the significantly affected sub-groups in the four essential functions listed above.

If the metropolitan area is designated as an air quality non-attainment or maintenance area, then

 * 1) protect air quality: transportation plans, programs, and projects must conform with the air quality plan, known as the "state implementation plan" (SIP), for the state within which the UZA lies.

Presently, most MPOs have no authority to raise revenues such as to levy taxes on their own, rather, they are designed to allow local officials to decide collaboratively how to spend available federal and other governmental transportation funds in their urbanized areas. The funding for the operations of an MPO comes from a combination of federal transportation funds and required matching funds from state and local governments.

Expanded functions
In some regions, MPOs have been given authority to handle expanded functions:

 * Managing a regional urban growth boundary
 * Distributing a regional housing need allocation to manage growth and ensure affordable housing
 * Operating the region's public transportation services

Structure of MPOs
MPOs differ greatly in various parts of the country and even within states. Some have large staffs, while others may include only a director and a transportation planner. Sometimes the professional staff of an MPO is provided by a county or a council of governments. In many urban areas, existing organizations such as county governments or councils of government also function as MPOs. The MPO role also may be played by an independent governmental organization or a regional government. In the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area, for example, Metro is the MPO. In the Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, metropolitan area, the Metropolitan Council is the MPO.

An example of a medium-sized MPO is the Lexington Area MPO in Kentucky. An example of a small MPO is the Kittery Area MPO in Maine.

Another MPO planning organization has developed in the area of western central Florida. Several MPOs there, with governance over eight counties, have developed a greater regional planning committee, the Chairs Coordinating Committee (CCC), composed of the chairs of seven MPOs and the chairs of their appointed advisory committee (or their representatives) in order to coordinate transportation planning for the region, that is compatible with all, as well as addressing the challenges of long range planning for a large and growing region that has overlapping issues among the MPOs or transportation plans that extend throughout the entire area. Often the members of the executive committee of an MPO act interchangeably as the representative to this seven-MPO regional committee. This committee meets less frequently than the participating MPOs.

Evolving role
The enactment of the 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) ushered in a "renaissance" for MPOs. After a decade or more of being consigned to a minimal role in transportation planning, ISTEA directed additional federal funding to MPOs, expanded their authority to select projects, and mandated new metropolitan planning initiatives. For the first time, state transportation officials were required to consult seriously with local representatives on MPO governing boards regarding matters of project prioritization and decision-making. These changes had their roots in the need to address increasingly difficult transportation problems—in particular, the more complicated patterns of traffic congestion that arose with the suburban development boom in the previous decades. Many recognized that the problems could only be addressed effectively through a stronger federal commitment to regional planning.

The legislation that emerged, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA), was signed into federal law by President George H. W. Bush in December 1991. It focused on improving transportation, not as an end in itself, but as the means to achieve important national goals including economic progress, cleaner air, energy conservation, and social equity. ISTEA promoted a transportation system in which different modes and facilities—highway, transit, pedestrian, bicycle, aviation, and marine—were integrated to allow a "seamless" movement of both goods and people. New funding programs provided greater flexibility in the use of funds, particularly regarding using previously restricted highway funds for transit development, improved "intermodal" connections, and emphasized upgrades to existing facilities over building new capacity—particularly roadway capacity.

To accomplish more serious metropolitan planning, ISTEA doubled federal funding for MPO operations and required the agencies to evaluate a variety of multimodal solutions to roadway congestion and other transportation problems. MPOs also were required to broaden public participation in the planning process and to see that investment decisions contributed to meeting the air quality standards of the Clean Air Act Amendments.

In addition, ISTEA placed a new requirement on MPOs to conduct "fiscally constrained planning", and ensure that long-range transportation plans and short-term transportation improvement programs were fiscally constrained; in other words, adopted plans and programs can not include more projects than reasonably can be expected to be funded through existing or projected sources of revenues. This new requirement represented a major conceptual shift for many MPOs (and others in the planning community), since the imposition of fiscal discipline on plans now required, not only understanding how much money might be available, but how to prioritize investment needs and make difficult choices among competing needs. Adding to this complexity is the need to plan across transportation modes and develop approaches for multimodal investment prioritization and decision making. It is in this context of greater prominence, funding, and requirements that MPOs function today.

An annual element is composed of transportation improvement projects contained in an area's transportation improvement program (TIP), which is proposed for implementation during the current year. The annual element is submitted to the U.S. Department of Transportation as part of the required planning process.

The passage of Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users SAFETEA-LU in 2005 created new and revised requirements for transportation planning and programs. Although SAFETEA-LU increased standards, most MPOs already were in compliance with the regulations. Some of the planning topic areas include transportation systems security, emergency preparedness, public participation plans for metropolitan planning, and requiring the electronic publication of plans and TIP/STIP by the MPOs.

SAFETEA-LU requires that the statewide transportation planning process and the metropolitan planning process provide for consideration of projects and strategies that will protect and enhance the environment, promote energy conservation, improve the quality of life, and promote consistency between transportation improvements and state and local planned growth and economic development patterns.

List of metropolitan planning organizations in the United States
There are a large number of metropolitan planning organizations in the United States.

title: Metropolitan planning organization


text:
Guy Laliberté

Guy Laliberté, (born 2 September 1959) is a Canadian billionaire businessman, and poker player. Along with Gilles Ste-Croix, he is the co-founder of Cirque du Soleil in 1984. The Canadian circus company's shows have since been seen by more than 90 million people worldwide. Before founding the company, he had busked, performing as an accordion player, stiltwalker, and fire-eater.

In 2006, he was named the Ernst & Young Canadian Entrepreneur of the Year. In 2007, he was named Ernst & Young World Entrepreneur of the Year. In January 2018, Laliberté was ranked by Forbes as the 11th wealthiest Canadian.

Early years
Laliberté was born in 1959 in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. His interest in show business began when his parents took him to watch the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus, an experience which led him to read the biography of P. T. Barnum. While he was still in school, he produced several performing arts events.

After school, Laliberté left Canada to hitchhike around Europe at the age of 18. While travelling, he made money by playing the accordion. He also learned fire-eating and stilt-walking during his time abroad, and after returning to Canada, became a street performer on the streets of Quebec. Laliberté joined a performing troupe called Les Échassiers, which included fire-breathers, jugglers, and acrobats who hitchhiked around the country to shows. He later returned to Quebec, where he obtained a full-time job at a hydroelectric dam. However, soon after his employment began, the company's employees went on strike. Laliberté took the opportunity to return to his life as a street performer.

He ran as a Rhinoceros Party candidate for the electoral district of Charlevoix in the 1980 federal election.

Cirque du Soleil
Laliberté co-founded Cirque du Soleil in 1984 with Gilles Ste-Croix and a small group of colleagues. The group obtained the support of a government grant for the celebration of the 450th anniversary of Jacques Cartier's discovery of Canada. Cirque du Soleil was originally set up as a one-year project. However, the government of Quebec wanted a touring event that would perform in other provinces. The name 'Cirque du Soleil' ("circus of the sun"), which Laliberté came up with while he was in Hawaii, reflects his notion that "the sun stands for energy and youth" and that the circus is about those two words.

Cirque du Soleil now has activities on five continents. Its shows employ approximately 4,000 people from over 40 countries and generate an estimated annual revenue exceeding US$810 million.

In 2015 he sold 90% of his stock in the company. On 17 February 2020, he sold the remaining 10% to Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec.

Poker career
Laliberté started playing super high stakes online cash games and live tournaments for recreation around 2006. In April 2007, he finished fourth in the World Poker Tour Season Five event at Bellagio in Las Vegas and won $696,220. He also played on GSN's High Stakes Poker Season 4 show and took part in Poker After Dark season 4 alongside Tom Dwan and Phil Hellmuth. He was also known for frequenting the highest stakes games on Full Tilt Poker.

In 2011 Laliberté announced the Big One, a US$1 million buy-in tournament which was featured at the 2012 World Series of Poker. Part of the prize money was donated to Laliberté's philanthropic organization One Drop Foundation, which primary goal is to provide clean drinking water and hygiene products around the globe. 48 players participated in the tournament and Antonio Esfandiari won the $18,346,673 first-place prize. The tournament raised $5,333,328 for the One Drop foundation.

Laliberté has lost the most money on online poker cash games. Over his six accounts, noataima, patatino, lady marmelade, elmariachimacho, Esvedra and Zypherin, Laliberté has lost approximately US$31,000,000.

Spaceflight
In September 2009, Laliberté became the first Canadian space tourist. He launched on the Soyuz TMA-16 spacecraft and landed in the Soyuz TMA-14 spacecraft. His spaceflight was dedicated to raising awareness on water issues facing humankind. The event was accompanied by a 120-minute webcast program featuring various artistic performances in 14 cities on five continents, including the International Space Station.

In May 2020, Canada's Federal Court of Appeals ruled that his trip should be considered primarily personal, and not work related, and directed that income tax be assessed on 90% of the cost of the trip. The cost of the spaceflight was $41,816,954.

In June 2011, Laliberté published a book, entitled Gaia, containing photos of Earth from his space flight. Proceeds from his book were to go to the One Drop Foundation.

Atoll of Nukutepipi
In 2007, Laliberté became the owner of the atoll of Nukutepipi in the French Polynesia. In May 2014, Laliberté told the Journal de Montréal that he wanted to make the atoll a shelter that could accommodate his family and friends in the event of a global catastrophe. "Because of all that's happening in the world, I said to myself: that could be the place where, in case of an epidemic or a total war, I could bring people I like and my family so that we'd be protected. It will be completely autonomous in terms of operation: solar, environmental, ecologic, all that."

On 13 November 2019, following his arrest for cannabis cultivation, Laliberté's investment firm Lune Rouge stated that "Laliberté is being questioned in respect of cultivation of cannabis for his personal use only at the residence on the island of Nukutepipi" in Tahiti.

Awards and honours
In 1997, Laliberté received the National Order of Quebec, the highest distinction awarded by the Government of Quebec.

In 2001, he was named a Great Montrealer by the Académie des Grands Montréalais. In 2003, he was honored by the Condé Nast group as part of the Never Follow Program, a tribute to creators and innovators. In 2004, he received the Order of Canada, the highest distinction in the country, from the Governor General of Canada. The same year, he was recognized by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world.

In 2006, Laliberté won the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year award for all three levels: Quebec, Canada and international. In 2007, he was named Ernst & Young World Entrepreneur Of The Year.

Université Laval (Québec) awarded him an honorary doctorate in 2008. On 22 November 2010, he and Cirque du Soleil were honoured with the 2,424th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Personal life
Laliberté's son Kami is a racing driver competing in the European junior formulae. He recorded one race victory in F4 but has no record of racing after 2017. His daughter Naïma is a competitive dressage rider.

title: Guy Laliberté


text:
NK

NK may refer to:

Businesses

 * Imerys, a French mining multinational (Euronext ticker: )
 * Nordiska Kompaniet, a Swedish department store
 * Northrup-King Seed Company, U.S.
 * Spirit Airlines, U.S. (IATA: )
 * NK.pl, a Polish social network (2006–2021)

Organisations

 * Neturei Karta, a group of anti-zionist orthodox Jews
 * Nippon Kaiji Kyokai, a ship classification society
 * NK (nogomentni klub), a name suffix for Croatian and Slovenian football clubs

Places

 * North Korea, a country
 * Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, a de facto state (1991–2023)
 * Nikšić, Montenegro (license plate: )
 * North Kingstown, Rhode Island, U.S.
 * North Kingstown High School

Other uses

 * NK (singer), a Ukrainian singer
 * Naik (military rank), in certain South Asian armies
 * Natural killer cell, in medicine
 * Neue Kerze ('new candle'; nk), original name for the photometric unit the candela
 * Norwegian krone, a currency

title: NK


text:
São Roque (Funchal)

São Roque is a civil parish in the northern part of the municipality of Funchal, on the island of Madeira. The population in 2011 was 9,385, in an area of 7.50 km2.

History
The lands associated with São Roque were once part of a much larger parish of Sé, but later, for a short period it was part of São Pedro. The eccliastical parish of São Roque was dismembered from São Pedro and neighbouring São Martinho by Cardinal Infante Henrique on 3 March 1579. The Cardinal authorised the prelate of Funchal to create a new parish within the dominion of Sé. This was instituted with its parish seat at the ancient chapel of São Roque, constructed by the residents at the beginning of the 16th century, probably from local funds collected by Funchal's citizens (Saint Roch was the patron saint of Funchal protecting them from the plague, during the early part of the 16th century).

The small chapel provided its name to a church later erected in 1704, not far from the original building (which remains standing, and is referred to locally as the Igreja Velha, or small church, in Portuguese). But, during the construction there were budgetary deficits, resulting in a slow building process, that eventually resulted in the building's ruin by 1790. A newer church, chiefed (?) by engineer António Vila Vicêncio, was later erected; its main construction continued until 1820, but was finally completed in the middle of the 19th century.

Geography
São Roque is connected by regional roadway with Monte, Funchal and Faial, and towards São Martinho and northwest to Curral das Freiras. São Roque is not connected with the urban sprawl of Funchal, but developed from the concentration of agricultural use lands, developing into a suburban nucleus later. This includes several of its localities, which were formed from rural concentrations, and developed into residential boroughs by the 20th century: Achada, Muro da Coelha, Conceição, Fundoa, Igreja Velha, Calhau, Igreja Nova, Alegria, Bugiaria, Lombo Segundo, Lombo de São João and Santana.

Economy
Until the mid-20th century, the region was primarily agricultural, but the southern limits of the parish have now been developed extensively towards the foothills of the central mountain range.

title: São Roque (Funchal)