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Treason of the Long Knives

The Treason of the Long Knives (Brad y Cyllyll Hirion) is an account of a massacre of British Celtic chieftains by Anglo-Saxon soldiers at a peace conference on Salisbury Plain in the 5th century. The story is thought to be pseudohistorical as the only surviving records mentioning it are centuries later in the semi-mythological histories of the Historia Brittonum and the Historia Regum Britanniae. Though a popular cautionary tale in medieval Europe, there is no other historical evidence for The Treason of the Long Knives. Most historians interpret the story as a purely literary construction.

Legendary context
According to the tradition, Vortigern, who had become a high king of the Britons in the wake of the end of Roman rule in Britain, called for Anglo-Saxons under Hengist and Horsa to settle on the Isle of Thanet in exchange for their service as mercenaries in battles against the Picts and Gaels in Scotland. The settlers, however, exploit a drunken Vortigern's lust for Hengist's daughter into allowing them to increase their numbers and granting them more land, eventually including all of the Kingdom of Kent.

Historia Brittonum
There is no account of this event in the 6th-century writings of Gildas. The story first appears in the much later Historia Brittonum, attributed to the Welsh historian Nennius, which was a compilation in Latin of various materials (some of which were historical and others mythic, literary or legendary) put together during the early 9th century, and surviving in 9th-century manuscripts – i.e., some 400 years after the supposed events. According to John Morris's textual analysis of the Historia, this tale derived from a north Welsh narrative which was mainly about Emrys (Ambrosius Aurelianus), which the compiler of the Historia incorporated into a framework drawn from a Kentish chronicle, together with details from a Life of Saint Germanus.

This is a literal translation of the Latin from Edmond Faral's (Paris 1929) edition of the text (sections in square brackets [thus] supplied from T. Mommsen's 1892 edition): It happened however after the death of Vortimer, son of King Vortigern, and after the return of Hengist with his forces, they called for a false Council, so that they might work sorrow to Vortigern with his army. For they sent legates to ask for peace, that there might be perpetual friendship between them. So Vortigern himself with the elders by birth of his people [considered the matter and carefully thought over what they might do. And the same] opinion was with them all, that they should make peace, and their legates went back and afterwards called together the conference, so that on either side the Britons and Saxons (Brittones et Saxones) should come together as one without arms, so that friendship should be sealed.

And Hengistus ordered the whole of his household that each one should hide his knife (artavum) under his foot in the middle of his shoe. 'And when I shall call out to you and say "Eu nimet saxas" (Hey, draw your swords!), then draw your knives (cultellos) from the soles of your shoes, and fall upon them, and stand strongly against them. And do not kill their king, but seize him for the sake of my daughter whom I gave to him in matrimony, because it is better for us that he should be ransomed from our hands.' And they brought together the conference, and the Saxons, speaking in a friendly way, meanwhile were thinking in a wolvish way, and sociably they sat down man beside man (i.e. Saxon beside Briton). Hengistus, as he had said, spoke out, and all the three hundred elders of King Vortigern were slaughtered, and only he was imprisoned, and was chained, and he gave to them many regions for the ransom of his soul (i.e. life), that is Est Saxum, Sut saxum [, Middelseaxan, with other districts under his control which they named.]

Geoffrey of Monmouth
The Treason of the Long Knives is also described in Book 6 of the Historia Regum Britanniae by Geoffrey of Monmouth, who wrote during the early 12th century and presumably used Nennius as his main source. According to him, the incident took place at a banquet in modern-day Wiltshire, ostensibly arranged to seal a peace treaty, which may have been the cession of Essex and Sussex in exchange for intermarriage between Rowena, the daughter of Saxon chieftain Hengest, and Vortigern. The story claims that the "Saxons" — which probably includes Angles and Jutes – arrived at the banquet armed with their long knives (seaxes) hidden on their persons. During the feast, on a given word of command, they pulled their knives and killed the unarmed Britons sitting next to them. Vortigern himself was spared, but all his men were butchered, except Eldol, Earl of Gloucester, who escaped.

Name and legacy
The term the treason of the long knives was first used in English by Meredith Hanmer, who died in 1604, in his Chronicle of Ireland. The corresponding Welsh term twyll y cyllyll hirion was first used in or before 1587.

In 19th-century Wales, the term Brad y Llyfrau Gleision ('The Treason of the Blue Books') was coined to refer to the "Reports of the Commissioners of Inquiry into the state of education in Wales", published in parliamentary blue covers in 1847.

It was also used flippantly when British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan dismissed seven members of his cabinet in a "night of the long knives". It has also been used to refer to the assassination of Alexander Burnes in November 1841 in Kabul, Afghanistan.

In Canada the term was used by Quebec premiere René Lévesque in reference to the repatriation of the Canadian Constitution in 1981. (Before that time, the final constitutional authority for Canada resided in the United Kingdom). Initially eight of the 10 provincial premieres were opposed to repatriating the constitution. A compromise was hammered out in Lévesque's absence, and 9 of the 10 (only Quebec dissenting) agreed to it.

authors: Я сошла с ума

title: Treason of the Long Knives


text:
Keck School of Medicine of USC

The Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California teaches and trains physicians, biomedical scientists and other healthcare professionals, conducts medical research, and treats patients. Founded in 1885, it is the second oldest medical school in California after the UCSF School of Medicine.

It is located on the university's health sciences campus in northeastern Los Angeles which is adjacent to the Boyle Heights and Lincoln Heights neighborhoods. For the physician class of 2024, the average GPA was 3.8 and the average MCAT score was 517. In 2023, U.S. News & World Report ranked the school #28 in Best Medical Schools: Research, and tied for #52 in Best Medical Schools: Primary Care.

Programs
In addition to a medical degree (MD), the school offers various combined degrees, such as MD/MPH, MD/PhD and MD/MBA. The school offers separate master's degree program through its Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, including Master of Public Health (MPH) and Master of Science in Global Medicine (MS). The school also offers doctoral degree programs in various biomedical fields, as well as programs in physician assistantship and nurse anesthesia.

The joint MD-PhD program is part of a cooperation with the California Institute of Technology located in nearby Pasadena.

USC also offers a combined engineering and medicine graduate certificate program, available to both PhD and MD students.

Teaching hospitals
There are several teaching hospitals, including Los Angeles General Medical Center, a Level I trauma center located in Los Angeles jointly operated by USC and the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Keck Hospital of USC, and Children's Hospital of Los Angeles are also teaching hospitals.

Keck Medicine of USC
Keck Medicine of USC is an affiliated system of hospitals, clinics, and primary care providers and as of 2022, USC Health includes four hospitals, some campus-based specialty clinics, five community-based ambulatory care clinics, and USC Care Medical Group, which is the physician practice of doctors who are on the faculty of the Keck School of Medicine. Hospitals and clinics include the Keck Hospital of USC and the USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, which USC acquired from Tenet Healthcare in 2009 for $275 million after three years of litigation between the parties, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the USC Verdugo Hills Hospital in Glendale added in 2013. USC Arcadia Hospital added in 2022 previously known as Methodist Hospital in Arcadia.

History
The school was founded in 1885, and is the oldest medical school in Southern California.

The school's association with Children's Hospital Los Angeles began in 1932. In 1970, it formed the first academic Department of Emergency Medicine in the United States.

By 1983, the USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center was opened. Robert E. Tranquada was dean from 1986 to 1991. In 1991, the USC University Hospital, later to be renamed Keck Hospital of USC, was opened.

In July 1999, the W. M. Keck Foundation donated $110 million to the USC School of Medicine. The school was then renamed the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California. The school committed to raising $330 million in matching funds, and used a large portion of the gift to expand research efforts, including the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute.

In 2015, Paul Aisen, who leads the US Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study (ADCS) and its approximately $100 million in funding, left University of California San Diego and joined the faculty of Keck. Aisen had been recruited to UCSD from Georgetown in 2007 to run the ADCS which UCSD had established in 1991. Aisen left UCSD because he was unhappy with the level of support that UCSD was providing him and due to the offer from USC. UCSD and USC ended up in litigation over control of the program. USC rented space for Aisen in a San Diego office park, where Keck's Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute is located under Aisen's direction. Some aspects of data management were temporarily settled in 2016; as of 2017 the litigation was ongoing.

A report in Nature noted that Keck had been recruiting from San Diego, hiring four scientists from Scripps Research Institute after a proposed merger fell through, and that Keck had recruited the director of the UCSD Health System to run its Children's Hospital.

In March 2016 Carmen Puliafito resigned as dean and Rohit Varma became the interim dean, and was named dean in November of that year.

On May 1, 2018, Laura Mosqueda was appointed as dean of the school. She is a professor of Family Medicine and Geriatrics.

In November 2021, Carolyn C. Meltzer, a radiologist and nuclear medicine doctor, was named as the new dean of the school effective March 1, 2022.

Medical Education
The Keck School of Medicine medical education program consists of 3 phases: Scientific and Clinical Foundations, Clinical Immersion, and Individuation and Transformation.

The Phase 1 of the curriculum includes 3 semesters of pre-clerkship education. The pre-clerkship phase consists of several longitudinal courses, including Health Justice and Systems of Care (HJSC), Introduction to Clinical Medicine (ICM), and Empowerment Through Professional Identity Cultivation (EPIC). Students take the USMLE Step 1 exam prior to starting Phase 2.

Notable Faculty

 * Paul Aisen
 * Hortensia Amaro
 * Michael L. J. Apuzzo
 * David G. Armstrong
 * Joseph Bogen
 * Carolyn Cannon-Alfred
 * Susan Durham
 * Hans Einstein
 * Roger O. Egeberg
 * Marlena Fejzo
 * Scott E. Fraser
 * Martin Grotjahn
 * Sofia Gruskin
 * Joshua H. Ritchie
 * Astrid Heppenstall Heger
 * Danny Hillis
 * Joan Hodgman
 * Todd M. Hutton
 * Frank Jobe
 * Jae U. Jung
 * Francine Ratner Kaufman
 * Laurence H. Kedes
 * Arnold Kegel
 * Jonathan Kellerman
 * Arnold Lockshin
 * Stephanie J. London
 * Peter J. McDonnell
 * Don Harper Mills
 * Seeley G. Mudd
 * Konstantina Nikita
 * John Niparko
 * Thomas Noguchi
 * Arthur H. Parmelee
 * Shahbudin Rahimtoola
 * Joshua H. Ritchie
 * Arno A. Roscher
 * Paul Saltman
 * Joseph E. Scherger
 * Edward L. Schneider
 * Donald G. Skinner
 * Frederick A. Speik
 * Dr. Natalie Strand
 * Jesse Leonard Steinfeld
 * Paul Thompson
 * Arthur W. Toga
 * Amytis Towfighi
 * Leslie Weiner
 * Martin H. Weiss
 * Jian-Min Yuan

Alumni
The Salerni Collegium Alumni Association is the Keck School of Medicine's alumni association and was founded in 1958. The Salerni Collegium is led by an alumni executive board as well as a student chapter board composed of current Keck medical students. Notable alumni of the school include
 * Antonio Alamo Jr.
 * Vanessa Block
 * William Bronston
 * Rene Cailliet
 * Margaret Chung, first known Chinese-American female physician
 * Susan Cotter
 * Jeffrey Ross Gunter
 * Randal Haworth, Beverly Hills plastic surgeon and tv personality
 * Rahul Jandial
 * Sammy Lee, Korean-American Olympic swimmer and physician
 * Robert F. Maronde
 * Helen S. Mayberg, neurologist
 * Paul Nassif
 * Andrew P. Ordon
 * Drew Pinsky, psychiatrist and tv personality
 * Scott C. Ratzan
 * Ali Rezai
 * Katie Rodan
 * Richard Allen Williams
 * Diana Ramos, California Surgeon General
 * Eila C. Skinner

Controversies
The Los Angeles Times reported in July 2017 that while Puliafito served as dean and USC professor, he "kept company with a circle of criminals and drug users who said he used methamphetamine and other drugs with them." The reporters reviewed video and photographs of Puliafito engaging in these activities in hotel rooms, apartments, and the dean's office. According to the newspaper, a 21-year-old prostitute had overdosed while taking drugs with Puliafito in a Pasadena hotel room on March 4, 2016; the article included a recording of a conversation between a 911 operator and Puliafito. The report said that police had found methamphetamine in the room. Puliafito resigned as dean three weeks afterwards. Immediately following the publication of the Los Angeles Times report, USC announced that Puliafito had been placed "on leave from his roles at USC, including seeing patients." In 2018, Puliafito's California medical license was revoked.

USC announced that Varma was no longer dean in October 2017, when the Los Angeles Times told the school it was going to publish a story about a 2003 sexual harassment finding by USC against Varma which had not been publicly disclosed previously.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Keck School of Medicine of USC


text:
Talk:Marvel 1602

Uatu
Can someone tell me when he broke the rules of the Watchers previously to 1602? I thought that up until 1602 came out it was generally accepted he had first broken them due to the arrival of Galactus. Daibhid C 23:13 26 April 2005 (UTC)

 * Where alternate universes are concerned it's kinda hard to say which has occured first anyway, so I think whomever wrote it was referring to real world time. As in he has broken the rules in a previous comic, not a previous time in the timeline of the universe on which 1602 is based.202.156.6.54 19:45, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

1602: New World
Er... I wrote a big thing on New World a few weeks back... why is it gone? (unsigned by 220.236.58.240)

 * Wikipedia is a public project, that means that anyone can edit articles as they see fit (provided it's not disruptive or stuff like that.) There's a separate article for 1602: New World, your addition would go better there. --Pentasyllabic 17:18, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

Page title
I think this should be moved to Marvel 1602, or perhaps Marvel 1602 (comic) although the first would be better. My reasoning for this is that, on the spine of the trade paperback collection, it is titled as "Marvel 1602". I don't mean that the 1602 is just placed next to the normal red-on-white Marvel branding logo. Yes, that is there, but in addition to that is the title "Marvel 1602". It is also clearly "Marvel 1602" on the front cover. If anyone needs proof, I can take photos of the trade to show you. I know the Wikipedia policy is to be bold, but I'd rather have some discussion before moving a page. Satan's Rubber Duck 03:10, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Character Hotlinks
i linked all the character's names in "Plot" to their respective hotlinks but i'm not sure if this should've been done in "Plot" or "Characters". feel free to change it

Wikifried 14:37, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

1602: Fantastick Four
...has just been created, but currently redirects here. So...is it worth adding here, or creating a full new article as with 1602: New World? Thanks! --Mrph 21:53, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

I think that it should be a seperate artical, prividing that there is enough detail writtin on the plot, characters, stuff like that. Right now, the section looks like it will be too long to keep on the 1602 artical if it keeps at its current pace. If someone would make it a seperate arital ( or I could do it myself), I would have problem with it and probally would write a lot. I say go for it. Rhino131 23:59, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

It's A-R-T-I-C-L-E. — Preceding unsigned comment added by SpACatta (talk • contribs) 01:19, March 4, 2007 (UTC)

GA pass
Very fine article. The plot summary is a bit longish, but not bad enough to keep it out of the pack. Good job. Wrad (talk) 01:33, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

Quotes out of context
I don't have the time or the inclination to go over all the footnotes in this article, but footnote 8 for the quote "1602 is a watershed moment in comic book history that will be mentioned in the same breath as Watchmen and The Dark Knight Returns" is taken completely out of context. I can only assume that someone was having themselves a little laugh. --76.69.143.73 (talk) 20:52, 26 March 2008 (UTC)PopeUrban

 * It was too dishonest to let stand. I read the reference and quoted a section that was more reflective of the actual review. --MartinezMD (talk) 03:50, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

Re: Plot and characters
Per WP:WAF, "Presenting fictional material from the original work is fine, provided passages are short, are given the proper context, and do not constitute the main portion of the article. If such passages stray into the realm of interpretation, secondary sources must be provided to avoid original research." Basically, we need to keep plot summary to a minimum; in fact, it's still somewhat too long right now. As for the characters, we cannot venture to say how much Gaiman was influenced by Elizabeth's real spymaster unless there are [{WP:RS|reliable sources]] that make the connection, otherwise it is original research. As for the minor characters; if they don't play a part in the plot, we shouldn't mention them, (summary style). Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs ( talk ) 19:56, 23 April 2008 (UTC)

Granted there is some original research in this but it is mentioned on good grounds and faith. If we were to restrict ourselves to sources other than ourselves it would take all the fun out of analysis and writing encyclopedias. Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs' "purging" of this article is taking out a lot of information which not-so-well informed readers might appreciate. As for the secondary characters, well, mentioning the connection between Captain and Foggy Nelson would be handy to readers not familiar with the world of Daredevil.--Marktreut (talk) 21:44, 23 April 2008 (UTC)

 * People not familiar with the world of Daredevil frankly aren't going to give a hoot about Foggy, because they know nothing about the series. " If we were to restrict ourselves to sources other than ourselves it would take all the fun out of analysis and writing encyclopedias"- stop. Writing an encyclopedia isn't supposed to be fun, inasmuch as we make guesses about connections and analyze the work ourselves. That is original research, plain and simple. If you want to put the info in, it must be reliably sourced. Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs ( talk  ) 19:31, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

 * But what about historical, factual information? Being non-American (and I hope yanks will forgive me for this) I had never heard of Roanoke or Virginia Dare until I read Marvel 1602 and assumed at first that they were obscure Marvel or Gaiman fiction. Then I read this article and found out about them and the mystery surrounding them. I doubt if many people have heard of James' aversion for tobacco and might be interested to know that it is a statement of fact, not an idle fabrication. It shows how much research was put into the project. Also, the purpose of an encyclopedia is to inform and I do not see why it should be as restricted as you are making it.--Marktreut (talk) 23:06, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

Academic criticism
I've added a section on academic criticism based on an article published in the recent issue of ImageTexT on Gaiman's work. However, since I co-edited that issue, I'm letting you all know so you can double check my work for COI issues. Phil Sandifer (talk) 03:37, 30 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the note. May I ask what kind of publication ImageTexT is? Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs ( talk  ) 03:40, 30 August 2008 (UTC)
 * A peer-reviewed academic journal published out of the University of Florida's English department. You can have a look here: . Phil Sandifer (talk) 03:43, 30 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Okey-dokey. Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs ( talk  ) 03:55, 30 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Since this section only includes the input a single scholar, not a fuller discussion among multiple scholars, "academic response" seems like a misnomer. I copy-and-pasted the content to the general "responses" section of the article and removed the academic response section. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.164.164.63 (talk • contribs) 07:37, May 9, 2021 (UTC)

Paring down

 * There's some good material here, but it needed tightening. The lead was somewhat verbose and carried POV, and the FCB had a considerable amount of colloquial speak, some of which was appropriate in a PH (also where the commentary about the art belongs. The trick here is to write for the layman who knows nothing about the characters.

Asgardian (talk) 18:43, 8 September 2008 (UTC)

It's a good edit, and if you take no offense, I have corrected the homonym from "pair" to "pare". --MartinezMD (talk) 18:52, 8 September 2008 (UTC)

 * None taken! Was tired at the time.

Asgardian (talk) 13:54, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Perhaps you should read WP:LEAD so you understand that the lead is supposed to be that long; POV is another matter entirely. Speaking of colloquialisms, perhaps you should explain what FCB is? Just reinstating your version without discussion doesn't help us. Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs ( talk  ) 18:56, 8 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Actually, less is more. For a comic article, the title and a fact or two, dates and who did what are sufficient. What was there was superfluous (the mention of exact heroes) and as it goes into the FCB (Fictional character biography), or in this case, Plot. As to Plot, 80% of it is still there, but minus some sloppy sentences that add no value or contain the previously mentioned colloquialisms. On a similar note, all that good info on the illustrations is still there, but as it is a publication matter it belongs in the Publication history.

Reception is largely fine, with two sentence fragments culled as that is the writer inserting their point of view, not the quoted source. The Legacy component is actually PH material. The list of characters is unnecessary, as a link provides said list, and in the main article it looks fannish. Some of the related commentary was also unnecessary.

The Academis section also needs work, as while a fine effort means nothing to a layman. It needs to convey the same ideas in simpler terms.

Asgardian (talk) 13:54, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I can believe that with the academic section. It's a hard essay, and I didn't want to bloat the section unpacking terms. My only caution would be simplifying in a way that changes the meaning, but I'll happily provide comments on changes. Phil Sandifer (talk) 17:30, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I leave it to you, good sir.

Asgardian (talk) 06:31, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I'd rather not - I added the section, but I don't feel like I should maintain it for COI reasons. Phil Sandifer (talk) 22:11, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Asgardian, you really have no idea what you're talking about. I'm not complaining about trimming plot, but you're removing and rearranging content against style guidelines, and have provided no reasons why they should be flouted. Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs ( talk  ) 18:32, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

 * If you are talking about the intro, go and check out a content-heavy character like Henry Pym to see how the information was arranged. If it is the illustration info, it belongs in the PH.

Asgardian (talk) 06:31, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
 * It doesn't matter what a crappy comics character article has for a lead, I'm talking about the Manual of Style. Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs ( talk  ) 20:28, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

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Proposed merge of List of Marvel 1602 characters into Marvel 1602
The main article already has a decent-sized character section. This article seems to mainly differ by enumerating every background cameo and such, and is bordering on fancruft as a result BoomboxTestarossa (talk) 21:25, 20 April 2023 (UTC)

 * If we do as suggested, we merge the character information to the character section in the spirit of WP:PRESERVE. Anyone else agree or object? --Rtkat3 (talk) 20:26, 31 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Marvel 1602


text:
User:ER Phillips

ER Phillips is a writer and journalist based out of New York City. He is a graduate of Pace University.

title: User:ER Phillips


text:
User:Mayfly~enwiki

I hang out more on the simple english Wikipedia (where I am Sim, I speek english fluently but I find that en is to full and doesn't have much use for my skills. Also I have done most of my work whilst not logged in. I have worked on Merton College, Philosophy of time, Sevenoaks, cyberspace, Furry Lewis and Philosophy, Politics and Economics.

Please read my Oxford Muse self portrait

title: User:Mayfly~enwiki


text:
Embedded zerotrees of wavelet transforms

Embedded zerotrees of wavelet transforms (EZW) is a lossy image compression algorithm. At low bit rates, i.e. high compression ratios, most of the coefficients produced by a subband transform (such as the wavelet transform) will be zero, or very close to zero. This occurs because "real world" images tend to contain mostly low frequency information (highly correlated). However where high frequency information does occur (such as edges in the image) this is particularly important in terms of human perception of the image quality, and thus must be represented accurately in any high quality coding scheme.

By considering the transformed coefficients as a tree (or trees) with the lowest frequency coefficients at the root node and with the children of each tree node being the spatially related coefficients in the next higher frequency subband, there is a high probability that one or more subtrees will consist entirely of coefficients which are zero or nearly zero, such subtrees are called zerotrees. Due to this, we use the terms node and coefficient interchangeably, and when we refer to the children of a coefficient, we mean the child coefficients of the node in the tree where that coefficient is located. We use children to refer to directly connected nodes lower in the tree and descendants to refer to all nodes which are below a particular node in the tree, even if not directly connected.

In zerotree based image compression scheme such as EZW and SPIHT, the intent is to use the statistical properties of the trees in order to efficiently code the locations of the significant coefficients. Since most of the coefficients will be zero or close to zero, the spatial locations of the significant coefficients make up a large portion of the total size of a typical compressed image. A coefficient (likewise a tree) is considered significant if its magnitude (or magnitudes of a node and all its descendants in the case of a tree) is above a particular threshold. By starting with a threshold which is close to the maximum coefficient magnitudes and iteratively decreasing the threshold, it is possible to create a compressed representation of an image which progressively adds finer detail. Due to the structure of the trees, it is very likely that if a coefficient in a particular frequency band is insignificant, then all its descendants (the spatially related higher frequency band coefficients) will also be insignificant.

EZW uses four symbols to represent (a) a zerotree root, (b) an isolated zero (a coefficient which is insignificant, but which has significant descendants), (c) a significant positive coefficient and (d) a significant negative coefficient. The symbols may be thus represented by two binary bits. The compression algorithm consists of a number of iterations through a dominant pass and a subordinate pass, the threshold is updated (reduced by a factor of two) after each iteration. The dominant pass encodes the significance of the coefficients which have not yet been found significant in earlier iterations, by scanning the trees and emitting one of the four symbols. The children of a coefficient are only scanned if the coefficient was found to be significant, or if the coefficient was an isolated zero. The subordinate pass emits one bit (the most significant bit of each coefficient not so far emitted) for each coefficient which has been found significant in the previous significance passes. The subordinate pass is therefore similar to bit-plane coding.

There are several important features to note. Firstly, it is possible to stop the compression algorithm at any time and obtain an approximation of the original image, the greater the number of bits received, the better the image. Secondly, due to the way in which the compression algorithm is structured as a series of decisions, the same algorithm can be run at the decoder to reconstruct the coefficients, but with the decisions being taken according to the incoming bit stream. In practical implementations, it would be usual to use an entropy code such as arithmetic code to further improve the performance of the dominant pass. Bits from the subordinate pass are usually random enough that entropy coding provides no further coding gain.

The coding performance of EZW has since been exceeded by SPIHT and its many derivatives.

Introduction
Embedded zerotree wavelet algorithm (EZW) as developed by J. Shapiro in 1993, enables scalable image transmission and decoding. It is based on four key concepts: first, it should be a discrete wavelet transform or hierarchical subband decomposition; second, it should predict the absence of significant information when exploring the self-similarity inherent in images; third, it has entropy-coded successive-approximation quantization, and fourth, it is enabled to achieve universal lossless data compression via adaptive arithmetic coding.

Besides, the EZW algorithm also contains the following features:

(1) A discrete wavelet transform which can use a compact multiresolution representation in the image.

(2) Zerotree coding which provides a compact multiresolution representation of significance maps.

(3) Successive approximation for a compact multiprecision representation of the significant coefficients.

(4) A prioritization protocol which the importance is determined by the precision, magnitude, scale, and spatial location of the wavelet coefficients in order.

(5) Adaptive multilevel arithmetic coding which is a fast and efficient method for entropy coding strings of symbols.

A. Encoding a coefficient of the significance map
In a significance map, the coefficients can be representing by the following four different symbols. With using these symbols to represent the image information, the coding will be less complication.

1. Zerotree root
If the magnitude of a coefficient is less than a threshold T, and all its descendants are less than T, then this coefficient is called zerotree root. And if a coefficient has been labeled as zerotree root, it means that all of its descendants are insignificant, so there is no need to label its descendants.

2. Isolated zero
If the magnitude of a coefficient that is less than a threshold T, but it still has some significant descendants, then this coefficient is called isolated zero.

3. Positive significant coefficient
If the magnitude of a coefficient is greater than a threshold T at level T, and also is positive, than it is a positive significant coefficient.

4. Negative significant coefficient
If the magnitude of a coefficient is greater than a threshold T at level T, and also is negative, than it is a negative significant coefficient.

B. Defining threshold
The threshold using above can be defined as the type below.

C. Scanning order for coefficients
Raster scanning is the rectangular pattern of image capture and reconstruction. Using this scanning on EZW transform is to perform scanning the coefficients in such way that no child node is scanned before its parent node. Also, all positions in a given subband are scanned before it moves to the next subband.

(1) Refinement pass (or subordinate pass)
This determine that if the coefficient is in the interval [Ti, 2Ti). And a refinement bit is coded for each significant coefficient.

In this method, it will visit the significant coefficients according to the magnitude and raster order within subbands.

(2) Significant pass (or dominant pass)
This method will code a bit for each coefficient that is not yet be seen as significant. Once a determination of significance has been made, the significant coefficient is included in a list for further refinement in the refinement pass. And if any coefficient already known to be zero, it will not be coded again.

Example
DCT data                         ZeroTree scan order (EZW) 63 -34 49  10   7  13 -12   7    A  B BE BF E1 E2 F1 F2 -31  23  14 -13   3   4   6  -1    C  D BG BH E3 E4 F3 F4 15  14   3 -12   5  -7   3   9   CI CJ DM DN G1 G2 H1 H2 -9  -7 -14   8   4  -2   3   2   CK CL DO DP G3 G4 H3 H4 -5   9  -1  47   4   6  -2   2   I1 I2 J1 J2 M1 M2 N1 N2  3   0  -3   2   3  -2   0   4   I3 I4 J3 J4 M3 M4 N3 N4  2  -3   6  -4   3   6   3   6   K1 K2 L1 L2 O1 O2 P1 P2  5  11   5   6   0   3  -4   4   K3 K4 L3 L4 O3 O4 P3 P4

D1: pnzt p   ttt  tztt tttttptt (20 codes) PNZT P(t) TTT TZTT     TPTT   (D1 by M-EZW, 16 codes) PNZT P(t) Z(t) TZ(p)   TPZ(p) (D1 by NM-EZW, 11 codes) P N (t), P or N above zerotree scan P N Z(t p), p=pair T, t=triple T, P/N + TT/TTT in D1 code S1: 1010 D2: ztnp tttttttt S2: 1001 10 (Shapiro PDF end here) D3: zzzz zppnppnttnnp tpttnttttttttptttptttttttttptttttttttttt S3: 1001 11 01111011011000 D4: zzzzzzztztznzzzzpttptpptpnptntttttptpnpppptttttptptttpnp S4: 1101 11 11011001000001 110110100010010101100 D5: zzzzztzzzzztpzzzttpttttnptppttptttnppnttttpnnpttpttppttt S5: 1011 11 00110100010111 110101101100100000000 110110110011000111 D6: zzzttztttztttttnnttt ( http://www.polyvalens.com/wavelets/ezw/ )

Detailed: (new S is first, other computed by before cycles) s-step     1                21               321 val  D1 S1       R1   D2 S2       R2   D3 S3. ...  R3 ... D4,S4... A  63   P  1  >=48  56   Z  .1 >=56  60   Z  ..1 >=60  62 B -34   N  0   <48 -40   T  .0  <40 -36   Z  ..0  <36 -36 C -31   IZ     <32   0   N  1. >=24 -28  Z  .1. >=28 -30 D  23   T      <32   0   P  0. <24  20   Z  .1. >=20 22

BE 49   P  1  >=48  56      .0  <56  52   Z  ..0  <52  50 BF 10   T      <32   0                    P  0    <12  10 BG 14   T      <32   0                    P  1   >=12  14 BH -13  T      <32   0                    N  1   >=12 -14 CI 15   T      <32   0   T      <16   0   P  1   >=12  14 CJ 14   IZ     <32   0   T      <16   0   P  1   >=12  14 CK -9   T      <32   0   T      <16   0   N  0    <12 -10 CL -7   T      <32   0   T      <16   0   T        <8   0 DM  3			  T      <16   0   T        <8   0 DN -12			 T      <16   0   N  1   >=12 -14 DO -14			 T      <16   0   N  1   >=12 -14 DP  8			  T      <16   0   P       <12  10

E1  7   T      <32   0                    .E,F,G,H(1,2,3,4) E2 13   T      <32   0                    .I,J,K(1,2,3,4) E3  3   T      <32   0                    .N,O,P(1,2,3,4) E4  4   T      <32   0. J1 -1   T      <32   0. J2 47   P  0  >48   40       1 >=40  44. J3 -3   T      <32   0 J4  2   T      <32   0

D = dominant pass (P=positive, N=negative, T=ZeroTree, IZ=Izolated zero) S = subordinate pass; (R = back reconstructed value)


text:
North Korea at the 1992 Summer Olympics

North Korea competed as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. It was the nation's first appearance in twelve years at the Summer Games due to its boycotting the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California and the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. 64 competitors, 36 men and 28 women, took part in 53 events in 12 sports.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Archery
Women's Individual Competition:
 * Kim Jong-hwa — Round of 32, 19th place (0-1)
 * Li Myong-gum — Round of 32, 29th place (0-1)
 * Sin Song-hui — Ranking round, 52nd place (0-0)

Women's Team Competition:
 * Kim, Li, and Sin — Quarterfinal, 7th place (1-1)

Athletics
Men's Marathon
 * Ryu Ok-hyon — 2:40.51 (→ 80th place)

Women's Marathon
 * Mun Gyong-ae — 2:37.03 (→ 6th place)

Women's Long Jump
 * Ri Yong-ae
 * Heat — 6.17 m (→ did not advance)

Boxing
Men's Light Flyweight (– 48 kg)
 * O Song-chol
 * First Round – Defeated Anicet Rasoanaivo (MAD), KO-2
 * Second Round – Lost to Daniel Petrov (BUL), RSC-3

Cycling
Three cyclists, all women, represented North Korea in 1992.

 * Women's Individual Road Race
 * Pak Chun-wa — 2:38:38 (→ 53rd place)
 * Kim Gyong-hui — 2:39:43 (→ 54th place)
 * Choi In-ae — did not finish (→ no ranking)

Diving
Women's 3m Springboard
 * Kim Myong-son
 * Preliminary Heat — 232.65 points (→ did not advance, 28th place)

 * Kim Hye-ok
 * Preliminary Heat — 206.64 points (→ did not advance, 29th place)

Women's 10m Platform
 * Kim Chun-ok
 * Preliminary Round — 282.36 points (→ 18th place)

 * Ryu Un-Sil
 * Preliminary Round — 282.36 points (→ 23rd place)

title: North Korea at the 1992 Summer Olympics


text:
Bourbon biscuit

The Bourbon (pronounced or  ) is a sandwich biscuit consisting of two thin rectangular dark chocolate-flavoured biscuits with a chocolate buttercream filling.

The biscuit was introduced in 1910 (originally under the name "Creola") by the biscuit company Peek Freans, of Bermondsey, London, originator of the Garibaldi biscuit. The Bourbon name, dating from the 1930s, comes from the former French and Spanish royal House of Bourbon. A 2009 survey found that the Bourbon biscuit was the fifth most popular biscuit in the United Kingdom for dunking in tea.

The small holes in bourbon biscuits are to prevent the biscuits from cracking or breaking during the baking process, by allowing steam to escape. Many other companies make their own version of the biscuit under the "Bourbon" name, including major supermarkets.

McVitie's chocolate-coated Penguin biscuits are made with the same biscuit mix as their bourbon biscuit, but the filling is different.

title: Bourbon biscuit


text:
Lift powder

Lift Powder, or Lift Charge is a slang term for Gunpowder. The term "Lift Powder" is mostly used in the Fireworks Industry.

title: Lift powder


text:
Portugal at the 1992 Summer Olympics

Portugal competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. 90 competitors, 68 men and 22 women, took part in 71 events in 14 sports.

These Olympics saw Portugal listing the biggest share of competitors in the athletics, but also debuting in the tennis and badminton events, recently elevated to Olympic sports, as with the women's judo. Portugal also participated in the roller hockey tournament (demonstration sport), as current world champions, but finishing just outside the podium.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Archery
Women's Individual Competition:
 * Ana Sousa
 * Qualifying round — 1288 pts (→ 22nd)
 * {|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"

!70m!!60m!!50m!!30m!!Total
 * 297||334||321||336||1288
 * }
 * Elimination round — 98 pts (→ 26th)
 * 1/16 finals — Xiangjun Ma (CHN) (→ lost 101:98, did not advance)
 * 1/16 finals — Xiangjun Ma (CHN) (→ lost 101:98, did not advance)

Men's events
800m:
 * António Abrantes
 * Round 1 (heat 7) — 1:50.89 (→ 5th, did not advance)

1,500m:
 * Mário Silva
 * Round 1 (heat 2) — 3:38.57 (→ 3rd)
 * Semi-final (heat 2) — 3:38.09 (→ 9th, did not advance)

5,000m:
 * Carlos Monteiro
 * Semi-final (heat 4) — 14:00.53 (→ 10th, did not advance)

 * Domingos Castro
 * Semi-final (heat 3) — 13:24:57 (→ 5th, advanced as 2nd fastest loser)
 * Final — 13:38.09 (→ 11th)

 * Raimundo Santos
 * Semi-final (heat 2) — 13:48.06 (→ 7th, did not advance)

10,000m:
 * Domingos Castro
 * Round 1 (heat 1) — did not finish

 * Fernando Couto
 * Round 1 (heat 2) — 29:20.06 (→ 15th, did not advance)

Marathon:
 * António Pinto → did not finish
 * Dionísio Castro → did not finish
 * Joaquim Pinheiro → did not finish

20 km Walk:
 * José Urbano — disqualified

50 km Walk:
 * José Magalhães — 4:20:21 (→ 28th)
 * José Pinto — disqualified
 * José Urbano — 4:16:31 (→ 25th)

400m Hurdles:
 * Pedro Rodrigues
 * Round 1 (heat 3) — 49.46 (→ 5th, did not advance)

3000m Steeplechase:
 * João Junqueira
 * Round 1 (heat 3) — 8:35.68 (→ 8th, advanced as 3rd fastest loser)
 * Semi-final (heat 1) — 8:39.17 (→ 10th, did not advance)

4 × 100 m Relay:
 * Luís Barroso, Luís Cunha, Pedro Agostinho and Pedro Curvelo
 * Round 1 (heat 2) — 40.30 (→ 5th, did not advance)

4 × 400 m Relay:
 * Álvaro Silva, José Mendes, Paulo Curvelo and Pedro Rodrigues
 * Round 1 (heat 1) — 3:10.11 (→ 7th, did not advance)

Pole Vault:
 * Nuno Fernandes
 * Qualifying round (heat 2) — 5,00 (→ 15th, did not advance)
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

!4,80!!5,00!!5,20!!5,30!!5,40!!5,50!!5,55!!5,60!!Result
 * XXO||XO||XXX||||||||||||5,00
 * }
 * }

Women's events
100m:
 * Lucrécia Jardim
 * Round 1 (heat 6) — 11.58 (→ 4th)
 * Round 2 (heat 1) — 11.66 (→ 7th, did not advance)

200m:
 * Lucrécia Jardim
 * Round 1 (heat 1) — 23.26 (→ 3rd)
 * Round 2 (heat 2) — 23.09 (→ 5th, did not advance)

800m:
 * Carla Sacramento
 * Round 1 (heat 2) — 2:00.57 (→ 3rd, advanced as 5th fastest loser)
 * Semi-final (heat 2) — 2:02.85 (→ 6th, did not advance)

1500m:
 * Carla Sacramento
 * Round 1 (heat 1) — 4:10.01 (→ 5th)
 * Semi-final (heat 2) — 4:05.54 (→ 9th, did not advance)

3000m:
 * Fernanda Ribeiro
 * Round 1 (heat 2) — 9:07.69 (9th, did not advance)

10000m:
 * Albertina Dias
 * Round 1 (heat 2) — 32:15.05 (→ 6th)
 * Final — 32:0.393 (→ 13th)

 * Conceição Ferreira
 * Round 1 (heat 1) — 32:31.95 (→ 9th, advanced as 1st fastest loser)
 * Final — did not finish

 * Fernanda Marques
 * Round 1 (heat 2) — 32:38.16 (→ 8th)
 * Final — did not finish

Marathon:
 * Aurora Cunha → did not finish
 * Manuela Machado → 2:38:22 (→ 7th)

10 km Walk:
 * Isilda Gonçalves — 50:23 (→ 34th)
 * Susana Feitor — disqualified

400m Hurdles:
 * Marta Moreira
 * Round 1 (heat 2) — 58.24 (→ 6th, did not advance)

4 × 400 m Relay:
 * Eduarda Coelho, Elsa Amaral, Lucrécia Jardim and Marta Moreira
 * Round 1 (heat 2) — 3:29.38 (→ 4th, advanced as 2nd fastest loser)
 * Final — 3:36.85 (→ 8th)

Discus Throw:
 * Teresa Machado
 * Qualifying round — 4,98 (→ 14th, did not advance)

Badminton
Men's Individual Competition:
 * Ricardo Fernandes
 * 1/32 finals — R. Liljequist (FIN) (→ lost by 15-3, 15-11 – did not advance)

 * Fernando Silva
 * 1/32 finals — Peter Axelsson (SWE) (→ lost by 15-7, 15-8 – did not advance)

Men's Team Competition:
 * Fernando Silva and Ricardo Fernandes
 * 1/32 finals — Benny Lee and Thomas Reidy (USA) (→ lost by 15-1, 15-10 – did not advance)

Sprint

 * Men

Equestrianism
Individual Eventing:
 * António Braz — –238.60 pts (→ 58th)
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

!Event!!Dressage!!Endurance!!Jumping !Pts (Rank) !General Pts (Rank)
 * –85.00 (75th)||–143.60 (57th)||–10.00 (24th)
 * –85.00 (75th)||–228.60 (59th)||–238.60 (58th)
 * }

 * António Ramos — –186.70 pts (46th)
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

!Event!!Dressage!!Endurance!!Jumping !Pts (Rank) !General Pts (Rank)
 * –72.40 (61st)||–102.80 (47th)||–11.50 (41st)
 * –72.40 (61st)||–175.20 (48th)||–186.70 (46th)
 * }

 * Bernardo Rodrigues — eliminated
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

!Event!!Dressage!!Endurance!!Jumping !Pts (Rank) !General Pts (Rank)
 * –69.80 (54th)||eliminated||—
 * –69.80 (54th)||eliminated||—
 * }

 * Vasco Ramires
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

!Event!!Dressage!!Endurance!!Jumping !Pts (Rank) !General Pts (Rank)
 * –91.40 (79th)||–82.40 (39th)||0.00 (1st)
 * –91.40 (79th)||–173.80 (47th)||–173.80 (41st)
 * }

Team Eventing:
 * António Braz, António Ramos and Bernardo Rodrigues — –599.10 pts (→ 15th)
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

!Event!!Dressage!!Endurance!!Jumping !Pts (Rank) !General Pts (Rank)
 * –248.80 (?)||–328.80 (?)||–21.50 (?)
 * –248.80 (?)||–577.60 (?)||–599.10 (15th)
 * }

Individual Jumping:
 * Jorge Matias — 83rd

Team Jumping:
 * Jorge Matias — did not start

Fencing
Four male fencers represented Portugal in 1992.

 * Men's épée
 * José Bandeira
 * Qualifying round (pool 4) — 6 matches, 1 victory (→ 6th, 61st overall, did not advance)

 * Rui Frazão
 * Qualifying round (pool 10) — 6 matches, 1 victory (→ 7th, 60th overall, did not advance)

 * Men's foil
 * José Guimarães
 * Qualifying round (pool 2) — 6 matches, 1 victory (→ 7th, 52nd overall, did not advance)

 * Men's sabre
 * Luís Silva
 * Qualifying round (pool 4) — 5 matches, 0 victories (→ 6th, 40th overall, did not advance)

Gymnastics
Rhythmics:
 * Clara Piçarra — did not start (→ 43rd)

Men's events
Extra Lightweight (–60 kg):
 * Rui Ludovino
 * Preliminary rounds A
 * 1/32 finals — Pina Garcia (DOM) (→ won by yuko)
 * 1/16 finals — Dashgombyn Battulga (MGL) (→ lost by ippon, did not advance)

Half Lightweight (–65 pts):
 * Augusto Almeida
 * Preliminary rounds B
 * 1/32 finals — V. Cespedes (PAR) (→ won by ippon)
 * 1/16 finals — R. Sampaio (BRA) (→ lost by ippon, did not advance)
 * Repêchage B
 * 1/32 finals — Bye
 * 1/16 finals — Sang-Moon Kim (KOR) (→ lost by ippon, did not advance)

Lightweight (–71 kg):
 * Rui Domingues
 * Preliminary rounds A
 * 1/32 finals — Bye
 * 1/16 finals — C. Shi (CHN) (→ lost by waza-ari, did not advance)

Half Middleweight (–78 kg):
 * Preliminary rounds B

 * António Matias
 * 1/32 finals — Bye
 * 1/16 finals — Anton Summer (AUT) (→ lost by double waza-ari (=ippon), did not advance)

Middleweight (–86 kg):
 * Pedro Cristóvão
 * Preliminary rounds B
 * 1/32 finals — Bye
 * 1/16 finals — D. Kistler (SUI) (→ lost by koka, did not advance)

Women's events
Half Lightweight (–52 kg):
 * Paula Saldanha — 7th
 * Preliminary rounds B
 * 1/32 finals — Bye
 * 1/16 finals — R. Dechinmaa (MGL) (→ won by ippon)
 * 1/8 finals — Lyne Poirier (CAN) (→ won by koka)
 * 1/4 finals — Jessica Gal (NED) (→ lost by ippon)
 * Repêchage B
 * 1/32 finals — Bye
 * 1/16 finals — Bye
 * 1/8 finals — Maktsoutova (EUN) (→ won by yuko)
 * 1/4 finals — A. Giungi (ITA) (→ lost by yusei-gachi, did not advance)

Men's Lightweight (–56 kg):
 * Filipa Cavalleri
 * Preliminary rounds B
 * 1/32 finals — Bye
 * 1/16 finals — Z. Blagojevic (IOP) (→ won by yar?)
 * 1/8 finals — P. Pinitwong (THA) (→ won by yusei-gachi)
 * 1/4 finals — Flagothier (BEL) (→ lost by yuko)
 * Repêchage B
 * 1/32 finals — Bye
 * 1/16 finals — Bye
 * 1/8 finals — Kate Donahoo (USA) (→ lost by waza-ari, did not advance)

Half Heavyweight (–72 kg):
 * Sandra Godinho
 * Preliminary rounds A
 * 1/32 finals — Bye
 * 1/16 finals — Werbrouck (BEL) (→ lost by yuko, did not advance)

Modern pentathlon
One male pentathlete represented Portugal in 1992.

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Manuel Barroso — 4719 pts (→ 53rd)
 * {|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"

!rowspan=3|Event !colspan=2|Fencing !colspan=2|Swimming !colspan=3|Shooting !colspan=2|Cross-country !colspan=2|Riding !Vict.!!Pen. !Time!!Heat !Hits!!Pen.!!Heat !Time!!Pen. !Time!!Pen. !Pts (Rank) !General Pts (Rank)
 * 19||–
 * 3:23.2||2
 * 159||60||1
 * 12:26.0||–
 * 1:58.7||–
 * 1:58.7||–
 * colspan=2|541 (62nd)
 * colspan=2|1248 (25th)
 * colspan=3|595 (65th)
 * colspan=2|1327 (1st)
 * colspan=2|1008 (26th)
 * colspan=2|541 (62nd)
 * colspan=2|1799 (59th)
 * colspan=3|2384 (33rd)
 * colspan=2|3711 (?)
 * colspan=2|4719 (53rd)
 * }

Roller Hockey
Men's Competition:
 * António Heitor, António Neves, Franklin Pais, Luís Ferreira, Paulo Almeida, Paulo Alves, Pedro Alves, Rui Lopes, Vitor Hugo Silva and Vitor Fortunato — 4th
 * Preliminary round (Group A) — 5 matches, 4 victories, 1 defeat – 8 pts (→ 2nd)
 * Semi-finals — 5 matches, 3 victories, 2 defeats – 6 pts (→ 3rd)
 * Final 3rd/4th — Italy (→ lost 3-2)

Rowing
Men's Double Sculls:
 * Daniel Alves and João Santos
 * Round 1 (heat 3) — 6:54.55 (→ 5th)
 * Repêchage 4 — 6:46.14 (→ 4th)
 * Semi-final C — 6:32.01 (→ 4th)
 * Final D — 6:42.00 (→ 1st, 18th overall)

Sailing
Men's Lechner A-390:
 * João Rodrigues — 233 pts (→ 23rd)
 * {|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"

!Race!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!7!!8!!9!!10!!rowspan=2|Total!!rowspan=2|Net !Place !Pts
 * 25th||10th||18th||20th||22nd||21st||24th||23rd|| 28th ||18th
 * 31||16||24||24||28||27||30||29|| 33 ||24||266||233
 * }

Men's 470:
 * Eduardo Seruca and Victor Hugo Rocha (helm) — 148 pts (→ 24th)
 * {|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"

!Race!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!7!!rowspan=2|Total!!rowspan=2|Net !Place !Pts
 * 23rd|| 27th ||20th||26th||5th||21st||18th
 * 29|| 33 ||26||32||10||27||24||181||148
 * }

Soling:
 * António Tanger Correia (helm), Luís Miguel Santos and Ricardo Batista — 116 pts (→ 21st)
 * {|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"

!Race!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!rowspan=2|Total!!rowspan=2|Net !Place !Pts
 * 21st|| 21st ||16th||18th||16th||15th
 * 27|| 27 ||22||24||22||21||143||148
 * }

Star:
 * Fernando Bello (helm) and Francisco Pinheiro de Melo — 101 pts (→ 12th)
 * {|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"

!Race!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!7!!rowspan=2|Total!!rowspan=2|Net !Place !Pts
 * 1st||9th|| False start ||19th||8th||21st||14th
 * 0||15|| 33 ||25||14||27||20||134||101
 * }

Shooting
Men's Trap:
 * António Palminha
 * Preliminary round — 145 hits (→ 14th)
 * {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

!Round!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!Total !Hits
 * 24||25||25||25||24||22||145
 * }
 * Semi-final — 193 hits (→ 11th, did not advance)
 * {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

!Round!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!7!!8!!Total !Hits
 * 24||25||25||25||23||25||24||22||193
 * }

 * João Rebelo
 * Preliminary round — 145 hits (→ 10th)
 * {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

!Round!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!Total !Hits
 * 21||25||25||24||25||25||145
 * }
 * Semi-final — 191 hits (→ 16th, did not advance)
 * {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

!Round!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!7!!8!!Total !Hits
 * 21||25||25||22||24||24||25||25||191
 * }

 * Manuel Silva
 * Preliminary round — 146 hits (→ 7th)
 * {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

!Round!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!Total !Hits
 * 24||24||25||23||25||25||146
 * }
 * Semi-final — 193 hits (→ 11th, did not advance)
 * {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

!Round!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!7!!8!!Total !Hits
 * 24||24||25||25||22||23||25||25||193
 * }

Women's 10m Air Rifle:
 * Carla Ribeiro
 * Preliminary round — 387 hits (→ 26th, did not advance)
 * {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

!Round!!1!!2!!3!!4!!Total !Hits
 * 94||99||97||97||387
 * }

Men's events
100m Backstroke:
 * Miguel Arrobas
 * Heats (heat 2) — 59.37 (→ 3rd, did not advance – 42nd overall)

200m Backstroke:
 * Miguel Arrobas
 * Heats (heat 2) — 2:06.02 (→ 6th, did not advance – 34th overall)

100m Breaststroke:
 * Alexandre Yokochi
 * Heats (heat 3) — 1:05.61 (→ 3rd, did not advance – 39th overall)

200m Breaststroke: .* Heats (heat 4) — 2:18.97 (→ 3rd, did not advance – 25th overall)
 * Alexandre Yokochi

100m Butterfly:
 * Miguel Cabrita
 * Heats (heat 4) — 57.07 (→ 6th, did not advance – 46th overall)

200m Butterfly:
 * Diogo Madeira
 * Heats (heat 3) — 2:02.22 (→ 2nd, did not advance – 29th overall)

 * Miguel Cabrita
 * Heats (heat 4) — 2:04.28 (→ 6th, did not advance – 34th place)

50m Freestyle:
 * Paulo Trindade
 * Heats (heat 7) — 23.81 (→ 8th, did not advance – 36th overall)

400m Freestyle:
 * Artur Costa
 * Heats (heat 2) — 3:58.80 (→ 3rd, did not advance – 26th overall)

1500m Freestyle:
 * Artur Costa
 * Heats (heat 2) — 15:41.26 (→ 6th, did not advance — 17th overall)

200m Individual Medley
 * Diogo Madeira
 * Heats (heat 3) — 2:07.38 (→ 2nd, did not advance – 33rd place)

Women's events
100m Backstroke:
 * Ana Barros
 * Heats (heat 3) — 1:06.11 (→ 7th, did not advance – 36th overall)

200m Backstroke:
 * Ana Barros
 * Heats (heat 3) — 2:17.59 (→ 2nd, did not advance – 24th overall)

100m Butterfly:
 * Ana Alegria
 * Heats (heat 3) — 1:04.18 (→ 4th, did not advance – 36th overall)

 * Joana Arantes
 * Heats (heat 2) — 1:04.59 (→ 4th, did not advance – 39th place)

200m Butterfly:
 * Joana Arantes
 * Heat (heat 4) — 2:16.56 (→ 6th, did not advance – 19th overall)

100m Freestyle:
 * Ana Alegria
 * Heats (heat 2) — 1:00.35 (→ 6th, did not advance – 41st overall)

Tennis
Men's Singles Competition:
 * Bernardo Mota
 * 1/32 finals — Goran Ivanišević (CRO) (→ lost by 2-6, 2-6, 7-6, 6-4, 3-6 – did not advance)

Men's Doubles Competition:
 * Emanuel Couto and Bernardo Mota
 * 1/16 finals — Guy Forget and Henri Leconte (FRA) (→ lost by 1-6, 3-6, 1-6 – did not advance)

Wrestling
Men's Greco-Roman Welterweight (–74 kg):
 * Paulo Martins
 * Elimination round B — 2 defeats, 1.0 technical pts (→ 8th, did not advance)
 * Round 1 — Dobri Ivanov (BUL) (→ lost by 6-1; +1.0 technical pts)
 * Round 2 — Qingkun Wei (CHN) (→ lost by 16-0; +0 technical pts)

Officials

 * José Geraldes de Oliveira (chief of mission)
 * António Livramento (roller hockey coach)
 * Luís Alfredo Dias Rei (roller hockey)

title: Portugal at the 1992 Summer Olympics


text:
Talk:Compsognathus

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title: Talk:Compsognathus


text:
Pulation square

In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a pulation square (also called a Doolittle diagram) is a diagram that is simultaneously a pullback square and a pushout square. It is a self-dual concept.

title: Pulation square


text:
Children's Hospital Los Angeles

Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA) is a nationally ranked, freestanding acute care children's hospital in the East Hollywood district of Los Angeles, on Sunset Boulevard at the corner of Vermont Avenue. The hospital has been academically affiliated with the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California since 1932 and the hospital features 401 pediatric beds. The hospital provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to infants, children, teens, and young adults generally aged 0–21  throughout California and the west coast. The hospital also sometimes treats adults that require pediatric care. The hospital has a rooftop helipad and is an ACS verified level I pediatric trauma center, one of a few in the region. The hospital features a regional pediatric intensive-care unit and an American Academy of Pediatrics verified level IV neonatal intensive care unit.

U.S. News & World Report ranks CHLA as the fifth best children's hospital in the United States and the best in California. It has also received Magnet Recognition from the American Nurses Credentialing Center.

About
While most of the children admitted come from Los Angeles County, others come from the seven-county area near Los Angeles that includes Kern, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara and Ventura counties. Additional referrals come from elsewhere around the world.

CHLA also has five outpatient specialty centers (located in Arcadia, Encino, Santa Monica, South Bay/Torrance, Glendale, and Valencia), as well as dozens of specialty physician offices across the Los Angeles Area.

The hospital does not turn away patients regardless of socioeconomic status or insurance coverage.

On the 2020-21 rankings the hospital was ranked as the #5 best children's hospital in the United States by U.S. News & World Report on the publications' honor roll list.

In November 2020, Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson collaborated with Microsoft and billionaire Bill Gates to donate Xbox Series X consoles to Children's Hospital Los Angeles along with 19 other children's hospitals throughout the country.

Research and education
Children's Hospital Los Angeles is home to The Saban Research Institute (TSRI), one of the largest and most productive pediatric research centers in the Western United States. The institution conducts laboratory, clinical, translational and community research designed to investigate the developmental origins of health and disease. More than 400 faculty collaborate to combat cancer, heart disease, brain disorders, autism, obesity and diabetes, among other devastating pediatric conditions. The hospital is the eighth most productive center in the nation, as measured by its funding levels from the National Institutes of Health—which provides highly competitive grants to researchers.

Training programs include 364 medical students, 277 student shadowers, 93 full-time residents, three chief residents and 127 fellows. For the past 19 years, 96 percent of those graduating from the CHLA Residency Program passed the American Board of Pediatrics exam on the first attempt, well above the national average of 75 to 80 percent.

In 2013, Stanley Black donated a $15 million to fund research and clinical care programs; CHLA's Gateway Building was renamed the Joyce and Stanley Black Family Building.

University affiliation
The hospital has been academically affiliated with the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California since 1932. Physician leaders all hold faculty appointments at USC.

Leadership
The president and CEO is Paul S. Viviano who joined the institution in August 2015.

Sunset Bridge
Children's Hospital Los Angeles has a bridge across Sunset Boulevard. The hospital's main bridge connects its north and south sides of its main campus with a bridge that crosses Sunset Boulevard, an iconic thoroughfare that traverses Hollywood and a major section of Los Angeles.

The 40-ton, 117-foot-long walkway bridge was bolted into place above Sunset Boulevard between Vermont Avenue and Rodney Drive in October 2012 and was dedicated in March 2013.

Construction of the Los Angeles city landmark was jointly supported by two of Los Angeles' most significant philanthropists, Cheryl Saban, PhD, and Marion Anderson, who, along with their spouses Haim Saban and the late John Edward Anderson, jointly funded the $10 million project.

Awards
Children's Hospital Los Angeles is rated by U.S. News & World Report as a Best Children's Hospital and is ranked in all 10 specialties listed by the report.

Notable patients

 * Gabriel Fernandez (February 20, 2005 – May 24, 2013) — American boy who was abused and tortured by parents.
 * Genie (born 1957) — feral child who was abused, beaten, and neglected by parents.

Notable staff

 * Scott E. Fraser — professor
 * Marion Jorgensen (March 18, 1912 – June 18, 2008) — honorary trustee who served on the board of colleagues

title: Children's Hospital Los Angeles


text:
New Zealand at the 1992 Summer Olympics

New Zealand competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. The New Zealand Olympic Committee was represented by 134 athletes and 70 officials. 134 competitors, 92 men and 42 women, took part in 87 events in 17 sports. Ralph Roberts was the team's Chef de Mission.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Archery
New Zealand sent one archer to Barcelona. She did not advance to the elimination rounds.

Cycling
Fourteen cyclists, eleven men and three women, represented New Zealand in 1992. Gary Anderson won a bronze medal in the individual pursuit.

Track

 * Men's 1 km time trial

 * Men's points race

 * Men's sprint

 * Pursuit

Fencing
One male fencer represented New Zealand in 1992.

 * Men's individual épée

Men's team competition

 * Preliminary round (Pool B)
 * New Zealand – Spain 0–3
 * New Zealand – Pakistan 0–1
 * New Zealand – The Netherlands 3–4
 * New Zealand – Malaysia 2–3
 * New Zealand – Unified Team 2–1

 * Classification matches
 * 5th–8th place: New Zealand – Great Britain 2–3
 * 7th–8th place: New Zealand – India 2–3 → 8th place

 * Team roster
 * ( 1.) Peter Daji (captain)
 * ( 2.) Brett Leaver
 * ( 3.) David Grundy
 * ( 4.) Scott Hobson
 * ( 5.) Grant McLeod
 * ( 6.) Peter Miskimmin
 * ( 7.) Paresh Patel
 * ( 8.) David Penfold
 * ( 9.) John Radovonich
 * (10.) Craig Russ
 * (11.) Greg Russ
 * (12.) Umesh Parag
 * (13.) Jamie Smith
 * (14.) Anthony Thornton
 * (15.) Scott Anderson (gk)
 * (16.) Ian Woodley (gk)

Women's team competition

 * Preliminary round (Pool B)
 * New Zealand – South Korea 0–6
 * New Zealand – The Netherlands 0–2
 * New Zealand – Great Britain 2–3

 * Classification matches
 * 5th–8th place: New Zealand – Australia 1–5
 * 7th–8th place: New Zealand – Canada 0–2 → 8th place

 * Team roster
 * ( 1.) Elaine Jensen (gk)
 * ( 2.) Helen Shearer (gk)
 * ( 3.) Mary Clinton (captain)
 * ( 4.) Tina Bell-Kake
 * ( 5.) Christine Arthur
 * ( 6.) Shane Collins
 * ( 7.) Sapphire Cooper
 * ( 8.) Kylie Foy
 * ( 9.) Sue Duggan
 * (10.) Susan Furmage
 * (11.) Trudy Kilkolly
 * (12.) Anna Lawrence
 * (13.) Kieren O'Grady
 * (14.) Mandy Smith
 * (15.) Robyn Toomey
 * (16.) Kate Trolove

Rowing
New Zealand qualified four boats for the 1992 Summer Olympics: men's single sculls, men's coxless four, men's coxed four, and women's double sculls.

 * Men

 * Women

Sailing
New Zealand had 17 competitors in Barcelona; 13 men and 4 women.

Officials

 * Chef de Mission – Ralph Roberts

title: New Zealand at the 1992 Summer Olympics


text:
Talk:Baseball Stars

PEER REVIEW SUGGESTIONS - To improve the article

 * 1) The lead section is too short. Expand it.
 * 2) Try to find the specific release date (day, month), and a screenshot of the game box.
 * Image:Snap008.gif, Image:Snap014.gif, and Image:Snap1.gif claim a tag, when it should be  tag.
 * Image:Baseballstars.gif is lacking fair use rationale. This image should be fine as it is also a screenshot (that I personally took) just like the other three pictures. Masterhatch 20:01, 13 December 2005 (UTC) Well, it's purely academic now, since I replaced it. Themindset 20:42, 13 December 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) "The Cheats" section is inappropriate for an encyclopedia. An encyclopedia should give an overview of what the game is about, not specific cheats, what buttons to press for them to work, etc. This is more appropriate at Wikibooks.
 * 2) In the lead, it says the article was a major hit, yet it is not talked about in the rest of the article. A section must be made, possibly "Critical Acclaim", showing sales statistics, magasine reviews, its impact on the genre etc.
 * 3) The "see also" section is useless. All the links in there can be found in the main article. Remove it, or add better links.
 * 4) The links section should be called "External links", and should be better formatted than this.
 * 5) Add references.
 * 6) In the infobox, it says Nesticle is one of the Platforms on which the game plays, but Nesticle is an Emulator, not a platform.
 * 7) It also says DOS is a platform, but not once is this mentioned in the article.
 * 8) The external links, apart from the Mobygames entry, are all useless. They do not provide the reader with additional information, only downloadable ROMs and cheats, whaich are useless to a reader who is trying to find out more about the game.

Random comments
luck????

I have been playing baseball stars for years. i no longer use my old NES, but rather, i have it downloaded on my computer using nesticle.

i have a question that has boggled me and my friends ever since we started playing it way back when...

What does 'luck' actually do? i mean, i can't figure it out. A player with 0 luck seems no different that a player with 15 luck. Does anyone out there know? Is it just a filler? Masterhatch

How is the spelling chance from defence to defense not necessary? 12.34.246.4 18:23, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

 * There is currently a revert war going on here. I believe that your edits were correct, and I am defending them. For many reasons, american spelling should prevail. Baseball is an american game, and the spelling within the game is american. If reverting continues, I will file an RFC for a greater scope of consensus. As it stands, it's 2 (me & you) to 1. Themindset 20:18, 25 January 2006 (UTC)
 * LOL it looks like you are looking for a war! funny. anyways, i really don't care enough. By the way, your reasoning that since baseball is an american sport, this article should use american spelling still doesn't hold water. Hockey is a Canadian sport but (as i have pointed out before) there are dozens and dozens of articles here on wiki that use American spelling in hockey articles. I was just holding onto the idea that the original article's spelling is the spelling to be used throughout. I am always on the lookout for bad and useless edits and I have always considered an edit to merely change from one style of spelling to another a useless and bad edit. I don't really care enough, but if you really want a war, i can play the game with you. Have a good day and happy hunting! Masterhatch 20:32, 25 January 2006 (UTC)
 * sorry about my overly negative comments. I have had a bad day and it i found it rather annoying that someone would so quickly call for an RFC before a proper discussion took place. It just seemed that you were out looking for a war. I apologise. Masterhatch 20:38, 25 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Understood. If you are suggesting that we discus the edits before reverting them... yours was the first revert. Themindset 21:32, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, mine was the first revert, but i was reverting back to status quo. I don't see your point in telling me that i reverted first as I was just reverting unneccessary editing and reverting back to status quo. Logically, it would have been your revert that would have needed discussing, not mine. You shouldn't have reverted it back until a discussion was completed (since you are the one who was so quick to jump to RFC). I have been involved in enough disputes here on Wikipedia to know that usually status quo is held until an agreement is made. But, like I said, i really don't care that much. Masterhatch 22:43, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

featured article?
someone should nominate this, i've seen lesser articles nominated. Themindset 06:35, 12 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I have no idea how to nominate an article. Those "lesser" articles, did they actually become featured articles or were they just nominated? Masterhatch 20:12, 12 December 2005 (UTC)
 * some of them became featured articles. when i find time, i will submit this article for peer review. Themindset 20:17, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I re-read the article and even though i was one of the principle authors, i admit that this article needs a lot of work. For example, this paragraph
 * "The graphics themselves are simple and the music can be a bit annoying, but the game itself is almost perfect in a simple kind of way. The pitching is simple: curve balls, fast balls, off speed pitches, and sinkers. The batting is a simple swing on a level plane. Gamers don't have to worry about swinging up or swinging down; just swing. The fielding, though, is the best. It is very realistic in that if the ball is catchable or gettable, it can be caught or got. The programming does not put the fielders in strange positions and they always seem to be in the right spot, especially the out-fielders. The in-fielders are a bit different, though. When there is a man on base, they do the "shift" to prevent extra base hits down the line. This can be annoying at times as it opens up holes between the in-fielders. The ability to control the shift would make the game a little better."
 * is written with POV language and needs to be re-written. There are other examples too of POV writing. I suppose if the article was cleaned up a bit, i wouldn't have a problem with it being featured. If you are serious about getting this article nominated, I will help get it up to snuff. Masterhatch 20:31, 12 December 2005 (UTC)
 * you're right, i didn't really look closely enough. lets edit the hell out of this, and then submit it. Themindset 20:50, 12 December 2005 (UTC)
 * ok, i've done a whole bunch of edits. anything else stand out? Themindset 23:16, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

Much better
Overall, i would say it reads much better now. I do have two concerns, though. If this gets suggested as a featured article, people are going to come in and pick the entire article apart. For most of the article, this won't be a problem, but the section about the cheats might be viewed as POV. Much of that entire section of the article might get gutted. Also, some people might suggest that there aren't enough sources to back up the article. Personally I think it is a great article and I would love to see it as a featured article. Masterhatch 02:40, 13 December 2005 (UTC)
 * They will find all kinds of problems, and that's fine. I don't think the cheats are POV, they are cheats. And I don't think we need to worry about sources, I mean the game itself is the source, and I've played it many many times, as I believe you have. I'm going to give it a once over, and then suggest it for peer review... Themindset 03:58, 13 December 2005 (UTC)
 * When i came to Wikipedia back in June of 2005, i was still new to the whole concept of how wikipedia works and so when i added and re-wrote much of this article way back when, I could have done a better job. Themindset, you have done a wonderful job at cleaning up this article. Thanks! Oh, and yes, i am an avid fan of baseball stars and i have been playing it for over 15 years. It is the only baseball game that i have never gotten bored of. I guess you never figured out what luck did either, eh? Masterhatch 19:22, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

The traditional cheat
It can take a long time to build up a team playing game after game after game. This process can be greatly sped up by "cheating". First, make a new team and then fire all the players with a "max" less than 80. Then spend all of the allotted money on $5000 rookies with a max over 80. Next, make a two team season set at 25 games and make sure that both teams are player controlled. Set it up so that your team pitches first. Send nine pitches down the middle of the plate striking out all three batters. Then, take control of the pitching for the other team and hit (bean-ball) each batter until 10 runs cross the plate. This ends the game in less than two minutes and the winning team gets all the cash. The best team to do this with is the Lovely Ladies (as they have the highest prestige of all preset teams). Do this a few times and make sure only rookies are purchased with a max greater than 80 and a superstar team will be born!

Super Men's Team
At the Team Selection screen, move the pointer to the top left corner. Then press Down, Right, Left, Down, Down, Right, Up. Now change the team name from WHEN ISNT IT? to WHEN IT IS. (including the period).

Super Women's Team
Select Make Team and press Down, Right, Left, Down, Down, Right, Up, Up, Down, Up, Down, Up. Change the team name to WHAT IS A WREN? (including the ?). Then change the name to A BIRD. (including the period). Then change the name to WHEN ISNT IT? (including the ?). Finally, change the name to WHEN IT IS. (including the period).

Perfect pitchers
There is a way to get a $999,999,000 pitcher without buying him. First, hire a $5,000 rookie with a max over 80. Next, use the "traditional cheat" to acquire lots of money. Power up the pitcher as normal, but do not put any money on prestige or batting abilities. Leave prestige at "0". After the pitcher is full (except for prestige and batting abilities), go to his "batting abilities" and power up the prestige. When the prestige is full on the batting side, the prestige will automatically fill up on the pitcher side too. And voila, you have a pitcher with a max of 90 worth $999,999,000. This method is much cheaper than spending $2,980,000 on a superstar.

This also works on the reverse. If a pitcher is desired who can really hit (with a max of up to 67), do just the opposite. Hire a $5000 rookie pitcher. Most $5000 rookie pitchers have a batting max of between 46 and 52. Fill up the batting (but don't touch prestige) abilities first. Then, go to the pitching abilities and fill up prestige. This will give his batting abilities 15 more max points. If the pitcher's max batting abilities started out at 52, then the added 15 will bring him up to 67.

 * There was a way to get a whole wad full of cash. When I used to play this, I would create a team, and when selecting the type (vets, runners, hitters, etc.) I would move the cursor all over the place randomly for about 30 seconds, then make a team. Sometimes it would work, and there would be enough cash to make a perfect team. Does anyone know about this? I must have used some cheat, but didn't know tghe combination and would just get it by luck. --Mista-X 01:06, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Baseballstars.jpg
Image:Baseballstars.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 23:12, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

Save states
Anyone know where to find a save state(nesten/nestopia/nesticle/whatever) that has a 90-maxed out team? Some dude posted it on his website back in 2000 but it no longer exists. I've been googling like crazy for it with no luck, any links would be appreciated. --Somedude

Not Part of WikiProject Nintendo
This game was not produced by Nintendo or any of Nintendo's 2nd or 3rd parties, which is a requirement for a game to be a member of WikiProject Nintendo. I am removing the reference on the top of this page.

MuZemike (talk) 18:58, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

luck...what does it do?
currently, the article says: "Luck: This statistic is a purely defensive statistic that places the player closer to the location of a fly or ground ball. A player with maximum defense and luck would play defense flawlessly." I have been playing this game since it came out way back in '89 and i have never seen the difference that luck makes. A player with 0 luck plays no different than a player with 15. I can assure you that no player plays defence flawlessly. How many bad throws has your third baseman made? Unless a source of some sort is referenced, it must be changed. Also, what is the point of that whole maximum score stuff? That should be removed. Masterhatch (talk) 02:02, 12 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I'll trade your anecdotal evidence for mine: I still play this regularly on my NES and can attest that luck plays a HUGE role. It's not such a big deal when you have your fielders maxed out for speed but when they are slow it makes a very big difference where they are positioned. High luck players often don't even have to move for a fly ball as they are camped directly under it... poor luck means they are constantly having the ball hit over their head or way off to the side etc. HalifaxRage (talk) 19:41, 28 April 2010 (UTC)

Traditional cheat to get cash for Superstar
This is along the same lines of hiring a team of rookies. What I did was fire everyone on a player created team. Even though they're fired, you can still upgrade their ratings (and cheaply). I spent all my cash on as much prestige as I could buy, and then set up the 25-game series with the Lovely Ladies, using the same tactics mentioned before to make the game end quickly. I would take the cash won and upgrade everyone's prestige until they were all at 15. It takes a full 25 game series against the LL to get enough cash to buy the 90 point superstar once your entire team is at 15.

And a neat trick I learned (that doesn't get you anything in the end, but is fun anyway) is to take 2 player created teams, fire everyone, and then play them against each other using the aforementioned game ending tactics. When you get to the screen telling you how much you won, all nine of the possible monetary numbers keep spinning, but they never give you a total. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.57.91.179 (talk) 22:39, 30 March 2009 (UTC)

Ok, still an easier way. Here's an SNK Baseball Stars tip for you.

Create a new team, name it Prestige People, and pick prestigious. Fire everyone on the bench and power them up in prestige with your opening money. Then create a new 2-team league with them and the Lovely Ladies, both user controlled. Start game 1 LL on the road, and put their 3 slowest players at the top of the order. Square around and hit their bats for 3 outs, then hit 13 batters for a slaughter.

Now fire the outfielders and 3 pitchers and power them up in prestige. If you have any remaining points, put them in luck. Play 2 more games as before and repeat this process. At that point, you'll have a team with 0's in all actionable categories who also pays out max-league payout that you can mix into league play for easy money.

You have a super-lovely-ladies with more prestige and less talent. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.245.10.236 (talk) 00:49, 8 May 2017 (UTC)

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Willie/American Dreams
Is there a source for 'willie' being based on Willie Mays? Willie in the game is slow and plays first base, while Mays was a fleet-footed centerfielder. I think this player is based on Willie McCovey or Willie Stargell. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.128.160.126 (talk) 08:59, 15 January 2017 (UTC)

Legends of the Diamond/Little League Baseball: Championship Edition
I removed the statement that Legends of the Diamond used the same engine, because the only source I could find was a random article on the Internet that was cited in the article. It also doesn't make sense that a game developed by TOSE and published by Bandai would be using an engine developed by SNK and at one point licensed to Romstar. Although Legends of the Diamond does seem to take inspiration from Baseball Stars, it doesn't actually play anything like it.

For now I've kept in the fact that Little League Baseball uses the Baseball Stars engine. The game was localized for the US by SNK who also published it in the US, and it does play similarly to Baseball Stars, although in a lot of ways the game is significantly different. I would still like a better source that they're using the same engine though. — Preceding unsigned comment added by RobsPenName (talk • contribs) 09:59, 12 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Baseball Stars