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Christian Walz

Christian Walz (born 4 September 1978, Stockholm) is a Swedish artist, songwriter, and producer. Walz's music is mainly pop/soul. When young Walz attended Adolf Fredrik's Music School in Stockholm. He released his self-titled debut album in 1999, aged 20.

It took five years for the next album to be released. "Paint By Numbers" was released in May 2004, became a Swedish Grammy winner and a big hit. The first single from the album was "Maybe Not", which was then followed "Wonderchild", probably the song he is best known for. A further two singles, "Never Be Afraid Again" and "Hit 'n Run" were released. His third album, "The Corner", was released on 26 November 2008 in Sweden.

Discography

 * Christian Walz (1999)
 * Nothing's Gonna Change My Mood
 * Lovin' Is All Right
 * EP
 * Spend The Night Together
 * Midday, Friday, Payday...
 * Sentimental
 * Fertilize
 * Dancin' To
 * More Than Flowers
 * 1 2 3
 * One Time
 * Panoum
 * Records & Amore / Sacrifice
 * Paint By Numbers (2004)
 * Hit 'n Run
 * No No
 * You Look All The Same
 * Never Be Afraid Again
 * Sunday Morning Breakup
 * Maybe Not
 * Wonderchild
 * Die
 * I Will Let You Down
 * Red Eye
 * Missing You
 * The Corner (2008)
 * Corner
 * A Beat Like Me
 * Whats Your Name?
 * Fade Away
 * Why You Wanna Save Me
 * Atlantis
 * Hello
 * What A Waste
 * Money
 * Loveshift
 * Producer
 * Hold My Hand

title: Christian Walz


text:
Shaun Bartlett

Shaun Bartlett (born 31 October 1972) is a South African professional football manager and former player who is the manager of Cape Town Spurs. During his playing career, he played as a striker.

Early life
Born in Cape Town, Bartlett was raised by his grandmother in Factreton on the Cape Flats. He began playing for his church team and quickly developed a deft striking ability on the field. He was also a talented cricketer.

Club career
Bartlett began his career with his hometown Cape Town Spurs and then moved to Major League Soccer and the Colorado Rapids in the league's inaugural season in 1996. Halfway through the 1997 season, he was traded to the MetroStars on 10 July. Bartlett left MLS, without leaving much of a mark and returned to his home country. He later went on loan to FC Zürich and then transferring there for good in 1998. He went on loan to Charlton Athletic in 2000, and moved there in 2001 on a permanent deal worth £2 million. Bartlett won the Premier League Goal of the Season award in 2000–01, for his volley against Leicester City. He was released by the club in May 2006.

Bartlett then returned to South Africa signing with Kaizer Chiefs and in the summer of 2008 retired from professional football. After several discussions, he then made a return to football with Bloemfontein Celtic.

International career
Bartlett made his full international debut for the South Africa national team in a friendly against Lesotho on 26 April 1995.

He is the second all-time leading scorer behind Benni McCarthy for South Africa, with 28 goals in 74 appearances. He helped his country to the 1996 African Nations Cup and played in the 1998 FIFA World Cup, scoring two goals.

Managerial career
Bartlett coached Golden Arrows to the National First Division title in the 2014/15 season. He went on to play a crucial role as Kaizer Chiefs assistant coach in turning around the club from a ninth-place finish in the 2018/19 season to topping the table for most of the following season. In October 2021, Bartlett was appointed as manager of National First Division side Cape Town Spurs. After leading them to promotion, Spurs parted ways with Bartlett after seven consecutive defeats at the start of the 2023–24 season.

Personal life
Bartlett's wedding was attended by Nelson Mandela. To avoid excess attention, only he and his bride knew that the politician was coming. Bartlett's son, Tyrique is also a footballer.

International

 * Scores and results list South Africa's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Bartlett goal.

Player
FC Zürich
 * Swiss Cup: 2000

Kaizer Chiefs
 * Telkom Knockout: 2007
 * MTN 8: 2008

South Africa
 * African Cup of Nations: 1996

Individual
 * BBC Goal of the Season: 2000–01

Manager
Golden Arrows
 * National First Division: 2014–15

Cape Town Spurs
 * DSTV Premiership Promotional Playoffs: 2022-23

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Shaun Bartlett


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Epigone

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete (already transwikied). Mindspillage (spill yours?) 00:15, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

Epigone
DicDef, etymology and one example of a word. It has been transwikied to Wiktionary. Kevin Rector (talk) 13:36, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Epigone


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LGBT rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Bosnia and Herzegovina may face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Both male and female forms of same-sex sexual activity are legal in Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, households headed by same-sex couples are not eligible for the same legal protections available to opposite-sex couples.

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a secular country composed of mainly Muslims and Christians (Catholic and Orthodox). While officially secular, religion plays an important role in Bosnian society. As such, attitudes towards members of the LGBT community tend to be quite conservative. Some LGBT events, most notably the Queer Sarajevo Festival 2008, have ended in violence, when "a combination of football fans and religious extremists" stormed the festival while shouting death threats and religious phrases. According to a 2015 survey, 51% of LGBT Bosnians and Herzegovinians reported some form of discrimination directed against them, including verbal abuse, harassment and even physical violence.

Nevertheless, attitudes are changing. In 2016, the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina approved a comprehensive anti-discrimination law, banning discrimination on account of one's sexual orientation, gender identity and sex characteristics. More and more gay bars and venues have opened, especially in the capital city of Sarajevo. Bosnia and Herzegovina's desire to join the European Union has also played an important role in the Government's approach to LGBT rights. The association ILGA-Europe has ranked Bosnia and Herzegovina 22 out of the 49 countries in the Council of Europe in terms of LGBT rights legislation.

Law regarding same-sex sexual activity
Bosnia and Herzegovina is a federation consisting of two entities, namely the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska. Same-sex sexual activity was legalized in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1996 and in the Republika Srpska in 1998, by those two entities adopting their own criminal laws. The Brčko District followed suit and legalized homosexuality in 2003, making it legal nationwide since then. The age of consent is equal and set at 14 years, regardless of gender and/or sexual orientation (having sexual relations with a person under 14 is considered statutory rape).

Ottoman Empire
In 1858, the Ottoman Empire legalized same-sex sexual intercourse.

Bosnia and Herzegovina
There is no legal recognition of same-sex couples on a national or subnational level. The Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina remains silent on gender eligibility for a marriage, and on a subnational scale, both entities, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska, limit marriage to opposite-sex couples, as prescribed by their respective family codes.

On 19 October 2018, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) adopted a request for the legalisation of civil unions. "The said item was on the session agenda and it was adopted in the same form as it was proposed," FBiH Prime Minister Fadil Novalić said. The Government will now form a working group to analyse the proposal, which will need to be later adopted by the Parliament. The working group was established in January 2020 and was due to start working in April 2020, but the start was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Discrimination protections
Article 12 of the Law on Equality of Sexes (Zakon o ravnopravnosti spolova), adopted in early 2003, prohibits discrimination based on gender and sexual orientation. Sexual orientation is not explicitly defined, however.

The labour law of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) also explicitly prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation, as does Brčko District's labour law.

The Law Against Discrimination (Zakon o zabrani diskriminacije) was adopted in 2009, prohibiting discrimination based on sex, gender expression and sexual orientation. Furthermore, the law forbids harassment and segregation on the basis of sexual orientation. Article 2 of the law states as follows: Discrimination, in terms of this Law, shall be any different treatment including any exclusion, limitation or preference based on real or perceived grounds towards any person or group of persons, their relatives, or persons otherwise associated with them, on the grounds of their race, skin colour, language, religion, ethnic affiliation, disability, age, national or social background, connection to a national minority, political or other persuasion, property, membership in trade union or any other association, education, social status and sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, sexual characteristics, as well as any other circumstance serving the purpose of or resulting in prevention or restriction of any individual from enjoyment or realization, on equal footing, of rights and freedoms in all areas of life.

In July 2016, the Bosnian Parliament adopted a bill amending anti-discrimination laws to explicitly prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity and sex characteristics.

Hate crime laws
In April 2016, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina approved amendments to its Criminal Code by outlawing hate crimes on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. The law was published in the official gazette on 15 June 2016. Similar bans already existed in Republika Srpska and the Brčko District.

Gender identity and expression
Transgender people may change their legal gender in Bosnia and Herzegovina after having undergone sex reassignment surgery and other medical treatments.

Activism
Quite a few organizations have been working on LGBT rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Organisation Q (Udruženje Q) was the first LGBT organization to register in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Organization Q works for "the promotion and protection of culture, identities and human rights of queer persons", and was founded in September 2002. It formally registered in February 2004.

Logos was initially registered at the end of 2005 under the name of the Initiative for Visibility of Queer Muslims (IIVQM), but shortly after changed its name to Logos and re-registered in 2006. Equilibrium was registered in mid-2009 and was the first organization to work out of Banja Luka. Both organizations closed after two years.

Other organizations include Okvir and Simosyon (which both registered in 2011), Viktorija, the Sarajevo Open Centre (Sarajevski Otvoreni Centar), BUKA (Banjalučko Udruženje Kvir Aktivista, which registered in 2013), LibertaMo Association (which began working in 2015), and the Mostar and the Tuzla open centers.

BIH Pride March
BIH Pride March, the country's first pride event was held on 9 September 2019 in the capital Sarajevo. An estimated 2,000 people marched in the first pride parade of Bosnia and Herzegovina, making the country the last former Yugoslav nation to hold a pride event.

Queer Sarajevo Festival 2008 incident
Approximately a dozen individuals were attacked at the end of the first day of the Queer Sarajevo Festival on 24 September 2008. Eight people, one policeman included, were reported to have been injured after a large group of hooligans attacked visitors and the crowds. According to the organizers of the four-day event, police allowed a non-approved protest and anti-gay protestors to get too close to the venue, thus endangering the participants.

The festival, organised by Organization Q, opened in the Academy of Fine Arts in the centre of Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The attacks forced the organizers to make the rest of the festival a private event and to cancel it a couple of days later. Although Organization Q had organized public events before, this festival was the first cultural event of this kind in history of Sarajevo.

In 2014, the Constitutional Court ruled that the authorities had failed to protect the freedom of assembly of the 2008 festival participants.

2014 Merlinka Festival incident
On 1 February 2014, fourteen masked men stormed into the Merlinka Festival, shouting homophobic insults. Three participants were injured. Police arrived just after the attackers left, and were criticised for doing very little in finding and prosecuting the attackers. The festival continued the following day, with no incident, and with the full protection of the police force.

Attack on LGBT Activists
In March 2023, activists at the offices of Transparency International, claimed that they were attacked by a group of men after a local event was banned by police. According to the activists, a few dozen men chased them through the streets. The attack came after LGBT film screenings and discussions were cancelled by police for security concerns and after Republika Srpska President, Milorad Dodik, called LGBT people harassers and stated that they should be prevented from gathering. Banja Luka's mayor, Draško Stanivuković, where the attack took place, stated that the LGBT community should stay in Sarajevo and away from smaller cities like Banja Luka.

Public opinion
A 2015 survey found 48% of Bosnians would try to cure their child if they came out as gay. Another 16% stated that they would stop communicating with their child altogether. It also found 19% of Bosnia and Herzegovina's population supported granting same-sex couples some rights associated with marriage, such as economic and social rights.

According to a Pew Research poll published in 2017, 13% of respondents in Bosnia and Herzegovina supported same-sex marriage, with 84% opposed. It showed that 82% of Bosnians believed that homosexuality should not be accepted by society.

According to a poll published in 2019, before the first gay pride parade in Sarajevo, 24% of respondents supported the parade, with 72% against. 14% of respondents stated that they supported the legalisation of same-sex marriage, with 81% opposed. The poll was conducted in Sarajevo Canton, not covering the rest of the country.

According to a 2021 study, the first LGBT+ Pride parade in Sarajevo led to increased support for LGBT activism in Sarajevo. It did not however diffuse nationwide.

title: LGBT rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina


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User:Frankie1969

__NOINDEX__

I think Wikipedia is far too charitable to anonymous IP editors. My rule would be: ...with some sort of appeals process (there is one already, right?)

And I would use a similarly broad brush to block IP ranges with migratory vandals. If 3 or more IP addresses within the same /24 (Class C) commit multiple vandalisms in the same week, anon-block all 256 IPs as above. Continue the process for 3 or more /24s in the same /16 if needed.

Emailing the school district webmaster can be interesting, so I like to mark school IPs.

title: User:Frankie1969


text: Category:Finnish literature

title: Category:Finnish literature


text:
Talk:United States Colonial History

Untitled
This article duplicates information in and is redirected to Colonial America. -- Fingers-of-Pyrex 13:38, 2005 Apr 26 (UTC)

title: Talk:United States Colonial History


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Winter count

Winter counts (Lakota: waníyetu wówapi or waníyetu iyáwapi) are pictorial calendars or histories in which tribal records and events were recorded by Native Americans in North America. The Blackfeet, Mandan, Kiowa, Lakota, and other Plains tribes used winter counts extensively. There are approximately one hundred winter counts in existence, many of which are duplicates.

Description
Winter counts are pictographic calendars, traditionally painted on bison hides, which display a sequence of years by depicting their most remarkable events. The term winter count itself comes from the Lakota name waniyetu wowapi, ‘waniyetu’ translating to ‘winter’ while ‘wowapi’ refers to “anything that is marked and can be read or counted.” Most winter counts have a single pictograph symbolizing each year, based on the most memorable event of that year. For Lakota people, years ran from first snowfall to first snowfall. Kiowa winter counts usually feature two marks per year – one for winter and one marking the summer Sun Dance. The glyphs representing significant events would be used as a reference that could be consulted regarding the order of the years.

Similar to other traditions among the Indigenous nations of North America, winter counts were used as mnemonic records in order to help structure fuller accounts of history that would be passed on orally. The Indigenous peoples of North America had many ways of recording history during the pre-contact period that did not depend on alphabetic writing. Without the practice of written records, oral tradition was an extremely important aspect of Indigenous lifeways and was the main way that knowledge was transmitted from generation to generation. Oftentimes, pictorial or other mnemonic devices were used as guide posts for these practices. This is significantly present in the Sioux cultural tradition of oral history preservation through the form of winter counts. Located in the Northern Great Plains, Dakota, Nakota, and Lakota people physically recorded yearly events on various materials before and continuing past the point of contact with settlers.

While winter counts reveal the year number when studied and compared to other sources, the similarities between some winter counts also demonstrate inter-band relations. As some bands in the Great Plains region had close ties through alliances, their winter counts could often be very similar. Scholars have noted that the Lone Dog, The Flame, The Swan, and Major Bush winter counts are so similar for this reason; because these bands lived close by and often interacted with each other.

Lakota winter counts particularly reveal deeply rooted historical ties with European traders during a period that predates the Lewis and Clark Expedition and the subsequent extreme marginalization and oppression of Indigenous peoples in North America. This demonstrates a type of communal history that indicates the relationship between bands as well as settlers, and their political and social dynamics. By the end of the 1870s to the early 1880s, copies of winter counts (including the American Horse, Cloud Shield, and Battiste Good) were being commissioned by European collectors as Indigenous ethnographic objects.

Creation of winter counts
Traditionally each band would choose a single keeper of the winter count. Until the twentieth century, these keepers were always men. They would consult with tribal elders to reach a consensus for choosing a name for the year. The keeper chose his successor in recording the count, who was often a family member. In many cases, winter counts were buried with their keepers when they died, so that many winter counts were recreated copies done by an apprentice or collector.

Until the late 19th century, winter counts were recorded on buffalo hides. When buffalo became scarce, keepers resorted to using muslin, linen, or paper. The annual pictographs began on either the left or right side of the drawing surface and could be run in lines, spirals, or serpentine patterns. Epidemic diseases were commonly depicted in winter counts, providing some historical record of the effects of illnesses among tribes. By studying written accounts from fur traders, missionaries, and military personnel from a winter count's time and place of origin, scholars gain a broader understanding of the effects of epidemics.

Today, winter counts serve as valuable historical sources when recalling the history of the Great Plains peoples as well as their experiences with colonialism. During the nineteenth century, settler colonialism led to the marginalization of many groups of Sioux people. Because many Indigenous groups were not literate in a European sense, their story was largely omitted from an American history that was predominantly dependent on written source material.

Corroborating dates
Garrick Mallery, a Smithsonian scholar, recognized that one of those events, "The Year the Stars Fell," correlated with the Leonid meteor storm of November 1833. He used that event to correlate the Lakota winter counts with western calendars and analyze the history of the people.

Oglala Lakota

 * Tradition 1: No Ears, John Colhoff, Flying Hawk, Baptiste Garnier
 * Tradition 2: Short Man
 * Tradition 3: White Cow Killer
 * Tradition 4: Iron Crow, Wounded Bear
 * Tradition 5: Red Horse Owner
 * Tradition 6: Cloud Shield
 * Tradition 7: American Horse
 * Tradition 8: Breast

Brulé Lakota

 * Battiste Good and High Hawk
 * Rosebud
 * Swift Bear
 * Swift Dog
 * Iron Shell

Hunkpapa Lakota

 * Iron Dog
 * Lone Dog
 * Long Soldier
 * Major Bush

Miniconjou Lakota

 * Swan
 * Thin Elk / Wata Peta (Steamboat), 1821-1877

Other Lakota, and Dakota

 * Hardin Winter Count
 * Mato Sapa
 * Northern
 * The Flame
 * Lone Dog's winter count

Blackfeet

 * Bad Head, 1810-1883, oral count recorded
 * Bull Plume, 1794-1924, survives only as copied drawings from 1912
 * Percy Creighton, 1831-1938

Mandan

 * Butterfly, 1833-1870s
 * Foolish Woman, 1833-1870s

Kiowa

 * Tohausen
 * Silver Horn, 1860-1940
 * Haba, 1828-1909
 * Settan, 1833-1892
 * Anko Seasonal, 1864-1892; and Anko Monthly, August 1889-August 1892
 * Harry Ware, 1860-1887
 * Quitone, 1825-1921

title: Winter count


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Sea eagle

A sea eagle or fish eagle (also called erne or ern, mostly in reference to the white-tailed eagle) is any of the birds of prey in the subfamily Haliaeetinae of the bird of prey family Accipitridae. Ten extant species exist, currently described with this label.

The subfamily has a significant reach, with a scholarly article in 2005 reporting that they were "found in riverine and coastal habitat[s] throughout the world". However, Haliaeetinae inhabited areas have experienced particular threats given the context of human impacts on the environment.

Taxonomy and evolution
The genus Haliaeetus was introduced in 1809 by French naturalist Marie Jules César Savigny in his chapter on birds in the Description de l'Égypte. The two fish eagles in the genus Ichthyophaga were found to lie within Haliaeetus in a genetic study in 2005. They were then moved accordingly. They are very similar to the tropical Haliaeetus species. A prehistoric (i.e. extinct before 1500) form from Maui in the Hawaiian Islands may represent a species or subspecies in this genus.

The relationships to other genera in the family are less clear; they have long been considered closer to the genus Milvus (kites) than to the true eagles in the genus Aquila on the basis of their morphology and display behaviour; more recent genetic evidence agrees with this, but points to their being related to the genus Buteo (buzzards/hawks), as well, a relationship not previously thought close.

A 2005 molecular study found that the genus is paraphyletic and subsumes Ichthyophaga, the species diverging into a temperate and tropical group.

Evolution
Haliaeetus is possibly one of the oldest genera of living birds. A distal left tarsometatarsus (DPC 1652) recovered from early Oligocene deposits of Fayyum, Egypt (Jebel Qatrani Formation, about 33 million years ago (Mya)) is similar in general pattern and some details to that of a modern sea eagle. The genus was present in the middle Miocene (12-16 Mya) with certainty.

The origin of the sea eagles and fishing eagles is probably in the general area of the Bay of Bengal. During the Eocene/Oligocene, as the Indian subcontinent slowly collided with Eurasia, this was a vast expanse of fairly shallow ocean; the initial sea eagle divergence seems to have resulted in the four tropical (and Southern Hemisphere subtropical) species living around the Indian Ocean today. The Central Asian Pallas's sea eagle's relationships to the other taxa is more obscure; it seems closer to the three Holarctic species which evolved later and may be an early offshoot of this northward expansion; it does not have the hefty yellow bill of the northern forms, retaining a smaller, darker beak like the tropical species.

The rate of molecular evolution in Haliaeetus is fairly slow, as is to be expected in long-lived birds which take years to successfully reproduce. In the mtDNA cytochrome b gene, a mutation rate of 0.5–0.7% per million years (if assuming an Early Miocene divergence) or maybe as little as 0.25–0.3% per million years (for a Late Eocene divergence) has been shown.

Issues in the modern era
The Haliaeetinae subfamily is an especially threatened collection of creatures within the broader Accipitridae species, according to the academic journal Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, given the "anthropogenic factors" involved. The publication reported in 2005 that prior trends had meant that sea eagles could be "found in riverine and coastal habitat[s] throughout the world". In terms of international scientific campaigns, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) protects all entities in the broader species, including sea eagles.

Description
Sea eagles vary in size, from Sanford's sea eagle, averaging 2 - 2.7 kg, to Steller's sea eagle, weighing up to 9 kg. At up to 6.9 kg, the white-tailed eagle is the largest eagle in Europe. Bald eagles can weigh up to 6.3 kg, making them the largest eagle native to North America. There are exceptional records of even heavier individuals in both the white-tailed and bald eagles, although not surpassing the largest Steller's sea eagles. The white-bellied sea eagle can weigh up to 4.5 kg. They are generally overall brown (from rich brown to dull grey-brown), often with white to the head, tail or underparts. Some of the species have an all-yellow beak as adults, which is unusual among eagles.

Their diets consist mainly of fish, aquatic birds, and small mammals. Nests are typically very large and positioned in a tree, but sometimes on a cliff.

The tail is entirely white in adult Haliaeetus species except for Sanford's, white-bellied, and Pallas's. Three species pairs exist: white-tailed and bald eagles, Sanford's and white-bellied sea eagles, and the African and Madagascar fish eagles, each of these consists of a white- and a tan-headed species.

In popular culture

 * The bald eagle is the national symbol of the United States.
 * The silver eagle on red shield on the arms of Poland has been interpreted as the sea eagle.
 * Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe have the African fish eagle as their national bird.
 * The white-tailed eagle is the national bird of Poland.
 * The Manly Warringah Sea Eagles are an Australian professional rugby league club that competes in the National Rugby League (NRL).
 * Nesting pairs of both the bald eagle and white-bellied sea eagle have been subject to live-streaming webcam footage.
 * In heraldic language, the osprey is termed a "sea-eagle", although ospreys come from the taxonomic family Pandionidae and are not classified as true sea eagles.

title: Sea eagle


text:
Lord Warden of the Marches

The Lord Warden of the Marches was an office in the governments of Scotland and England. The holders were responsible for the security of the border between the two nations, and often took part in military action. They were also responsible, along with 'Conservators of the truce', for administering the special type of border law known as March law.

The Marches on both sides of the border were traditionally split into West, Middle and East, each with their own warden answerable to the Lord Warden-general. The English Western March was based on Carlisle and the Eastern March on Berwick-upon-Tweed.

The offices became unnecessary after the union of the crowns of England and Scotland under King James in 1603.

Warden of the Marches

 * Robert de Clifford (1297–) (died 1314)
 * John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey (1327–)
 * Henry de Percy, 2nd Baron Percy (1328–)
 * Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville de Raby and Henry de Percy, 2nd Baron Percy (1334–) (jointly)
 * Gilbert Welton and Thomas Lucy (1336–) (jointly)
 * Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy (1352–)
 * Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy (1356–) (died 1368)
 * Henry Percy, 4th Baron Percy (1368–)
 * Thomas Appleby, Roger de Clifford, 5th Baron de Clifford and others (1370–) (jointly)

Lord Warden of the Marches

 * Roger de Clifford, 5th Baron de Clifford – the first holder of this office (1377–)
 * Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland (1439–)
 * Richard, Duke of Gloucester (1482–)
 * Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre (1495–)
 * Arthur, Prince of Wales (1498–1502?) died 1502
 * Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre (1509–1525)
 * Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset (1525–)
 * Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland (1527–)
 * Henry Grey, Marquis of Dorset (April 1551 – September 1551)
 * John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, Warden-general of the Scottish Marches (1551–)
 * Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon Lord Warden-general (1589–)
 * Robert Carey, 1st Earl of Monmouth (1596–1598)

Warden of the Eastern March

 * Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland (1367–) (jointly)
 * Gilbert de Umfraville (1369–) (jointly)
 * Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester (1377) (jointly)
 * John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby (1381) (jointly)
 * John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby (1386) (died 1388)
 * Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (1389–)
 * Henry Hotspur Percy (1396–) killed, Shrewsbury, 1403
 * Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York (1398–)
 * Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland (1403)
 * John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (1403–1414)
 * Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York (1414–1415)
 * Richard Grey, 4th Baron Grey of Codnor (1415–?1418)
 * Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (1417–1434)
 * Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury (1434–1435)
 * Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (1435–)
 * John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk (1437)
 * Sir Robert Ogle (1438) (jointly)
 * Sir Ralph Grey (1438) (jointly)
 * Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland (1439–)
 * Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (1461)
 * John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu (1463–1470)
 * Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland(1471–1485) assassinated 1489
 * Henry Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland (1503–)
 * Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy de Darcy (1505–1511)
 * Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland (1527–)
 * William Eure, 1st Baron Eure, (1539–1548)
 * William Grey, 13th Baron Grey de Wilton (1547–)
 * Sir Robert Bowes (1548–1551)
 * John Conyers, 3rd Baron Conyers (1553–) (died 1557)
 * Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland (1557–)
 * Sir Ralph Sadler (1559)
 * William Grey, 13th Baron Grey de Wilton (1559–)
 * Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford (1564–1567)
 * Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon (1568–?1596)
 * Robert Carey (1597–1597)
 * Peregrine Bertie, 13th Baron Willoughby de Eresby (1598-)

Warden of the Middle March

 * Sir William Lilburn (13th Century)
 * Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (1417–1434)
 * Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre (1509–)
 * Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy de Darcy (1511–)
 * Sir Ralph Eure (1544–1545)
 * Sir Robert Bowes (1545–1551)
 * Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton (1556)
 * Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland (1557–)
 * William Grey, 13th Baron Grey de Wilton (1559–)
 * Sir John Forster (1560–1595)
 * William Eure, 2nd Baron Eure (1595)
 * Ralph Eure, 3rd Baron Eure (1595)
 * Robert Carey, 1st Earl of Monmouth (1596–1598)

Warden of the Western March

 * Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle (1319–) (executed 1323)
 * Thomas Lucy (1346) (jointly)
 * Ralph Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre (1366–1371)
 * Henry Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Masham (1370–1371)
 * Ralph Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre (1372) (died 1375)
 * Hugh Dacre, 4th Baron Dacre (1379–1382)
 * Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland (1384–) and Henry Hotspur Percy (1384–) (jointly)
 * Thomas de Clifford, 6th Baron de Clifford (1386–) (jointly)
 * Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland (1386–) (jointly)
 * John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont (1389)
 * John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter (1398–) (executed in 1400)
 * Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York (1399– ) (died 1402)
 * Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland (1399–)
 * Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland (1403–1414)
 * John Neville, Lord Neville (1414–1420)
 * Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury (1420–1435)
 * Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury (1446–) and Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (1446-) (jointly – never took office)
 * Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (1453–)
 * Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (1461–1469)
 * King Richard Plantagenet, Duke of Gloucester (1471–1485) (killed, Bosworth, 1485)
 * Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland(−1489) (assassinated 1489)
 * Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre (1490–) (Lord Warden 1509–1525) (died 1525)
 * William Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre (1527–1534)
 * Henry Clifford, 1st Earl of Cumberland (1534–1542)
 * Thomas Wharton (c. 1542–1549)
 * John Conyers, 3rd Baron Conyers (1551–1553)
 * Henry Scrope, 9th Baron Scrope of Bolton (c. 1560–1591)
 * Sir Richard Lowther (1591–1593)
 * Thomas Scrope, 10th Baron Scrope of Bolton (1593–1603) (last Warden)

Lord Warden-general of all the March

 * William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas (1356–)
 * John Stewart, Lord of Kyle
 * Patrick V, Earl of March
 * Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas (1364–1400)
 * Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas (1400–)
 * William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas (1450–) killed 1452
 * Adam Hepburn, 2nd Earl of Bothwell (1514–)
 * Antoine d'Arces, Sieur de la Bastie (1516–) killed 1517
 * Archibald Douglas, 8th Earl of Angus (1574–)
 * William Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie ( 1578)
 * James Stewart, Earl of Arran (1584–)
 * Alexander Home, 6th Lord Home (1603)

Warden of the Eastern March

 * William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas jointly with the Earl of March (1356–)
 * Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas (1400)
 * Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas and George, 4th Earl of Angus (1449) (jointly)
 * Alexander Home, 1st Lord Home (c1475)
 * James Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan (1479–)
 * Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus (1481–)
 * Alexander Home, 2nd Lord Home (1489–1496)
 * Patrick Hepburn, 1st Earl of Bothwell (1499)
 * Alexander Home, 3rd Lord Home (1506) (died 1516)
 * Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus (1525–)
 * George Home, 4th Lord Home (1543–) (died 1549)
 * Alexander Home, 5th Lord Home (1550–)
 * Sir James Home of Cowdenknowes (1573–)
 * Alexander Home, 6th Lord Home (1582–1589)
 * Sir George Home of Wedderburn, (1597)

Warden of the Middle March

 * Sir William Douglas (1343–)
 * William Douglas, 2nd Earl of Angus (1433–)
 * George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus (1449–)
 * Andrew Ker of Cessford (1457–)
 * James Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan (1479–)
 * Walter Ker of Cessford (1502–)
 * Ralph and Andrew Ker (1510–)
 * Alexander Home, 3rd Lord Home (1509–)
 * Sir Robert Ker of Caverton (1514) killed 1514
 * Sir Andrew Ker of Cessford (1515)
 * William Ker of Cessford
 * Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus (1525–)
 * Walter Ker of Cessford (1541–)
 * Walter Scott of Branxholme and Buccleuch (1550–1552) murdered 1552
 * James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell (1558–)
 * Sir Walter Ker of Cessford (1560–)
 * William Ker of Cessford (1583–)
 * Sir Thomas Ker of Ferniehirst (1584–)
 * Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox (1592–)
 * Sir John Cary (1601-)

Warden of the Western March

 * Sir James Douglas (1314–1330)
 * Sir Archibald Douglas (1364)
 * Sir Archibald Douglas (1368–1388)
 * Sir John Johnston, Laird of Johnston (1388–1400)
 * Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas (1400–1419)
 * Sir Adam Johnston, Laird of Johnston (1419–1450) First Term
 * William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas (1450–) killed 1452
 * Sir Adam Johnston, Laird of Johnston (1452–1454) Second Term
 * Andrew Stewart, 1st Lord Avandale (1456–)
 * Sir John Johnston, Laird of Johnston (1459–1475)
 * Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany (1475)
 * Robert Maxwell, 2nd Lord Maxwell (1476–1485)
 * John Maxwell, 4th Lord Maxwell (1486–1489)
 * Patrick Hepburn, 1st Earl of Bothwell (1489–1503)
 * Sir Adam Johnston, Laird of Johnston (1503–1509)
 * Sir James Johnston, Laird of Johnston (1509–1515)
 * Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell (1515–1546)
 * Sir John Johnston, Laird of Johnston (1546–1553)
 * Sir James Douglas, 7th Baron Drumlanrig (1553–)
 * James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell (1558–)
 * Sir John Maxwell (1561–)
 * Archibald Douglas, 8th Earl of Angus (1574–)
 * Sir John Johnston, Laird of Johnston (1580–1585)
 * John Maxwell, 7th Lord Maxwell (−1585) dismissed 1585
 * William Maxwell, Lord Herries (1587–1588)
 * Sir John Carmichael (1588–1590)
 * John Maxwell, 7th Lord Maxwell (1590–) killed 1593
 * William Douglas, 10th Earl of Angus (1592–1593)
 * Robert Maxwell, Lord Herries (1593–1595)
 * Sir James Johnston, Laird of Johnston (1595–1598) First Term
 * Sir John Carmichael (1598–) killed 1600
 * Sir James Johnston, Laird of Johnston (1600–1608) Second Term Killed 1608
 * Alexander Home, 1st Earl of Home (1608-)

title: Lord Warden of the Marches


text:
Cadent house

In astrology, a cadent house is the last house of each quadrant of the zodiac. A quadrant begins with an Angular house, (the house in which a chart angle lies) proceeds to a succedent house and ends with a cadent house. There are four quadrants in an astrological chart, providing four angular, four succedent, and four cadent houses.

The Greeks called the cadent houses apoklima, which literally means "falling" or "decline," because the houses were seen to be falling away from the strength of the angular houses, which were considered to be most influential because of their perpendicular and oppositive relationships to the Ascendant. The word apoklima also carries a denotation of degeneration and decline. Our English word "cadent" comes from the Latin translation of apoklima and is the source of our word "cadet," which originally meant a lesser branch of the family, or the younger son.

Cadent houses are therefore usually considered by astrologers as less fertile and productive places by their nature than either angular or succedent houses, and the planets located in them are seen as generally less powerful and comfortable. This view of cadency is universally found in ancient sources. For example, Paulus Alexandrinus says of cadent houses: "stars [ed: i.e., planets] found in these zoidia [ed: i.e., houses] (3, 6, 9 and 12) become inharmonious. And sometimes they bring about hostile conditions, sometimes separations and banishments...." (However, there are conditions when a planet in a cadent house can be brought up to its full strength, for example, by a reasonably close trine to a benefic planet, such as Jupiter).

The notion of cadent houses as weak and ineffective also persists with medieval and Renaissance astrologers, such as Guido Bonatti and William Lilly, who labeled cadent houses "poor and of little efficacy."

The four cadent houses
The four cadent houses are as follows:

 * The third house of the horoscope governs our siblings, letters and messengers, our neighbourhood, and short trips.  Modern astrologers have also connected it our ability to communicate and to intellectualise.
 * The sixth house of the horoscope refers to illness, and also to our duties and responsibilities, and the most routine aspects of work. The sixth is the house of servants, and so may also refer to our service to others, but also to slavery, or that which we are obliged to do but do not necessarily want to do.  It has been connected by Lilly to smaller domestic animals as well, "and the profit and loss got thereby."
 * The ninth house of the horoscope governs our higher cognition, religious beliefs, and level of awareness. It is also the house of higher education and philosophy and is connected with long journeys far from home.  Some modern astrologers also give it an association with the law.
 * The twelfth house of the horoscope governs troubles, self-undoing, secret enemies, and imprisonment (for example in asylums or penitentiaries), as well as larger domestic animals, such as draught animals. Theosophists like Annie Besant influenced astrologers like Isabel Hickey to connect this house to karma from past lives.

Natural houses
In the twentieth century, a concept called "natural houses" was popular, in which it was argued that each of the twelve houses of the astrological chart corresponds to a sign of the zodiac: the first house corresponds to Aries, the second to Taurus, and so forth, continuing through the chart until the twelfth house, which is linked to Pisces.

Employing "natural houses," the third house would correspond to Gemini, the sixth house to Virgo, the ninth house to Sagittarius, and the twelfth house to Pisces, and adherents of the notion borrow archetypal concepts from the signs and apply them to the corresponding houses.

The idea of numerological correspondences goes back at least as far as Pythagoras and was surely instrumental in the interpretation by ancient astrologers of the angular relationships each house has with the others, and especially with the Ascendant. This may account for similarities between the idea of Gemini and the idea of the third house. But the "natural houses" doctrine stretches these similarities to a point which seriously distorts the original concepts. Hardly any of these zodiacal correspondences result in the same characteristics or dignities observed by earlier astrologers.

Furthermore, using "natural houses," cadent signs are seen to be very flexible and adaptive and correspond with the mutable signs of the zodiac. But this obscures the essentially weak and unfavorable nature of these houses. Planets positioned in them lack influence and may even become malefic—that is, they may have an unfortunate effect.

Third house
Ancient astrologers had a very different view of the third house than a correspondence to Gemini would imply. The house's primary significance was for siblings—a meaning it retains today. But Gemini has no such meaning. For another thing, the third house was the "House of the Moon Goddess" rather than having any correspondence with Mercury, the ruler of Gemini. The Moon "rejoiced" in the third house—that is, it was very dignified if positioned there. The house was also the place of religious cults, particularly unconventional ones (possibly what we would now call the "occult") and had nothing to do with writing or speaking. It is true, however, that the Moon was much more involved in the ancient concept of the mind—particularly with memory.

The third house also had some connotation for travel but Crane postulates that this derived more from the fact that it opposed the ninth house, the house of the Sun, which had the major connotation for travel.

Sixth house
Ancient astrologers had a very dim view of the sixth house, which is called "the house of bad fortune." Valens makes a clear connection between this house and thieves, beggars, foot soldiers, and slaves. The house has always had a connection with sickness, and hence with suffering. One reason for this is because it is in a very weak angle to the house of the Ascendant, which is considered the house of life, vitality, and health. The relationship of the sixth house to the Ascendant is one of aversion, that is, it cannot "see" the Ascendant from a point 150 degrees away.

Because of this weakness, the sixth house has also been connected with servitude and slavery, and it is for this reason, perhaps, that it has become associated with the most routine and arduous of work, and the sense of the workplace as an obligation to which people must report every day to do the work of others. This is not by any means the house of vocation, or even of the professions. Animals, too, are considered to be the servants of man, and possibly the animals connected here are smaller because the sixth is the lesser of the two houses of misfortune.

The planet Mars rejoices in the sixth house. He is dignified when located in this house. Mars is considered a malefic planet, whose influence is often unfortunate and aggressive. Mars's joy in the sixth may have to do with his long connection with fevers and acute illness, but it is also true that Mars is the "lesser infortune" (Saturn is the "greater") and hence joys in the lesser house of misfortune.

It seems (according to this page) it is not sure in which category the philosophy of Mars in the sixth house belongs: is it the Christian, modern, etc. astrology? The same counts for the exaltations in the houses below.

Ninth house
The ninth house, which ancient astrologers called "the house of the Sun God," has been associated with orthodox religion and with journeys (often undertaken for educational purposes in ancient times). The Sun rejoices here, and the Sun in late Hellenistic religions was regarded as the eye of God. Valens calls this house the "pre-Midheaven" and gives it considerable influence. Both benefic and malefic planets are strengthened here.

Medieval astrologers connect it with the Church and clerics, long sea voyages, books, learning, philosophy and dreams. This connection with dreams is quite ancient, and references to the ninth house in this capacity can be found in Firmicus and in Paulus Alexandrinus.

Twelfth house
Western astrologers regarded the twelfth house as a very unfortunate place. Hellenistic astrologers called it "the house of Evil Spirit" and its reputation did not improve with the Arabs or with medieval astrologers. However, Saturn the "greater malefic," does rejoice here—which means he has considerable dignity—and Valens says that Saturn in this place will bring considerable influence for honorable behavior. Paulus claims that an otherwise strong Saturn located here will bring success over enemies and joy in work.

Firmicus connects this house with slaves, enemies and defects, and Valens connects it with destitution and beggary. The connection with very bad luck and material privation is almost universally found with the twelfth, as are enemies.

It is from medieval astrologers that the connection of the twelfth house with imprisonment derives; the idea is probably Arab in origin.

Modern astrologers have brought a spiritual aspect to the twelfth house that was wholly absent in the earlier tradition. This may have its origins in the Theosophical revival of present-day astrology, which had some Hindu influence. In Jyotish (Hindu astrology), the twelfth house is very unfortunate but is also connected with sexual activity and with spirituality. Hindu astrology is closely connected to the Hindu religion, in which material attachments of all kinds—which are certainly the enemy of all twelfth-house significations—are considered to be a bar to spiritual progress. Much has been made of this suggested affinity by some modern astrologers, especially those influenced by the 19th-century Theosophy movement, such as Annie Besant and Alice Bailey.

title: Cadent house


text:
Talk:Avenue of Stars, Hong Kong

Comment
In the list of stars, many have the birthplace listed as "Republic of China" which usually refers to Taiwan. But from the cities named (Shanghai, etc.) this is clearly not the case. June 17, 2011 174.89.114.176 (talk) 16:38, 17 June 2011 (UTC)

Please stick to either American or Commonwealth spelling. Is there any evidence the ownership of the promenade is transferred from NW Group to the govt?
I wrote the article. I'm an American. i spell things like an American. Please do not go through and change meters to metres and honors to honours because you like it.

And yes, NWG gave the property to the government. 工程於二零零四年四月二十七日完成，由集團主席鄭裕彤博士移交予香港特別行政區政府，供市民休憩及遊客觀光，謹誌數言，以留永念。 — SchmuckyTheCat 13:42, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * You were indeed using both in the article, and this is an article about Hong Kong, where Commonwealth spelling is prevalent. As far as I know the promenade has always been a public property. New World was responsible to build the promenade when the government sold the land to it around 20 years ago. After this part was converted as the "Avenue of Stars", the group will be responsible for maintenance and management for 20 years, by a contract with the government. — Instantnood 15:07, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm American too, but I think that if Commonwealth spellings are the most widely used in Hong Kong (which makes sense given that it's a former British colony), they should be used in the article. In general, articles about geographically-specific things should probably follow usage in the place being discussed, if feasible. *Dan* 12:13, 15 May 2005 (UTC)
 * You're very right Dan. And in fact the Manual of Style talks about it too.  — Instantnood 17:18, May 15, 2005 (UTC)

revert
Sorry Nood, but you're copying text directly off the ave of stars website. Don't copyvio.
 * Them
 * "located along the Tsim Sha Tsui Promenade, adjacent to the Hong Kong Museum of Art and extending towards Tsim Sha Tsui East."
 * You
 * Located located along Tsim Sha Tsui Waterfront Promenade adjacent to the Hong Kong Museum of Art and extending towards Tsim Sha Tsui East

And, stick to American Engish. And yes, NWG gave the property over, they wouldn't say so if they didn't do it. — SchmuckyTheCat 15:24, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Please refer to Manual of Style (#Usage and spelling and #National varieties of English) and Manual of Style (spelling). I guess third party action would be necessary.  — Instantnood 15:46, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Pleas refer to the manual of style. If you don't agree with it and insist your version should be used, please kindly justify it and tell the reasons why. It would be nice if there is a third party to join the discussion here.  — Instantnood 22:00, May 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * Hey, please relax. Given the diversity of origins of the readers and contributors to Wikipedia, having both American and Commonwealth English spellings within an article is not a very very serious issue. I'd rather see the factual accuracy of the statements checked and resolved, and only one version of the article left to work on. olivier 11:01, May 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * True. But after I changed some of the spellings to fulfil the manual of style, she/he reverted it. And by the way the promenade had always been open to public, maintained and managed by the government, before part of it was converted into the Avenue of Stars, but she/he insisted to keep the sentence "..New World Group, who gave the promenade property to the HKSAR government". — Instantnood 11:15, May 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * I have requested for protection, to "cool down an edit war". — Instantnood 17:18, May 15, 2005 (UTC)

I thought Hong Kong used International English. Unless my memory is incorrect, the article should clearly also use standard International English. (Imagine if I wrote an article about a street in the USA and insisted that because I wrote it, it must retain English English spellings and expressions. This seems to be a case of exactly the same thing.) Tannin 09:33, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Avenue of Stars, Hong Kong


text:
Robert Carey, 1st Earl of Monmouth

Robert Carey, 1st Earl of Monmouth (ca. 1560 – 12 April 1639) (or "Cary") was an English nobleman and courtier. He was the youngest son of Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon, chamberlain and first cousin of Queen Elizabeth I, and Anne Morgan, daughter of Sir Thomas Morgan and Anne Whitney.

Biography
As a young man he accompanied several diplomatic missions abroad and took part in military expeditions. He was sent to Scotland in February 1587 with certain news of the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots. He was met at Berwick-upon-Tweed by the Scottish diplomat George Young. According to David Moysie, Young withheld his passport and carried his news to James VI of Scotland.

In 1587, Carey joined in the attempt to relieve Sluys. In 1588 he served as a volunteer against the Spanish Armada, and commanded a regiment in the Earl of Essex's expedition to Normandy in support of the Protestant Henry IV of France in 1591, taking part in the siege of Rouen. He was knighted by Essex the same year for having by his intercession with the Queen procured his recall.

In October 1593 he brought the Scottish rebel Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell, as a guest to Carlisle Castle. This alarmed his brother-in-law, Thomas Scrope, who was Warden of the West March, because Elizabeth I had declared her nobles would not receive the earl.

In the parliaments of 1586 and 1588 he represented Morpeth; in that of 1593, Callington; and in those of 1596 and 1601, Northumberland. From 1592 till the end of Elizabeth's reign he occupied various posts in the government of the Scottish borders, being appointed Warden of the Middle March in 1596, which he held till February 1598.

This was some of the most important work of his life, and he was largely responsible for easing the troubles and the depredations of the Border Reivers. His conflict with the Scottish fyrebrande Robert Ker, 1st Earl of Roxburghe was only settled after great skill and tact on Carey's part.

In March 1603 he visited the court, and witnessed Queen Elizabeth I's last illness, which he described in his memoirs. Anxious to recommend himself to her successor James I, and disobeying the orders of the council, he started on horseback immediately after the Queen's death on the morning of 24 March 1603, in order to be the first to communicate the tidings to James. He arrived at Holyrood late on 26 March, and was appointed by the King a Gentleman of the Bedchamber. But his conduct met with general disapproval and merited censure as "contrary to all decency, good manners and respect," and on James's arrival in England he was dismissed from his new post.

Carey went into Scotland again to transact business with Sir George Home over the ownership of Norham. He went to Dunfermline Palace and was the guest of Alexander Seton who was the guardian of Prince Charles. Charles had stayed behind in Scotland, partly because he was sickly, and Carey wrote that he was "a very weak child". Prince Charles came south in September 1604 and the king sent Carey to meet him at Bishop's Auckland.

On 23 February 1605, he was made governor of Prince Charles. Carey's wife, Elizabeth Trevanion (not Aletta Hogenhove, who was the wife of his nephew Sir Robert Carey), a lady in waiting to Anne of Denmark, was responsible for the early training of the weak, stammering Charles. She taught the Prince, a late-developer, to walk and talk at the age of three, and was close to him throughout his life. Upon her husband's accession to the peerage, she became known as Dame Robert Carey, and is said to be the "Old Dame Dob" referred to in the Jack and Jill nursery rhyme, for her ministrations to the "bruised" King Charles I after his plan to raise revenue by lowering the volume of liquid in the jack (1/2 pint) and gill (1/4 pint) was foiled by publicans by simply making up the difference (up to the 1/2 pint line that is marked by a crown on pint glasses) with water.

In 1611, he was made the Master of the Robes to the Prince, in 1617 his Chamberlain, and on 6 February 1622, he was created Baron Carey of Leppington. In 1623 he followed Charles in his visit to Philip IV of Spain. Following Charles' succession to the throne he was created Earl of Monmouth in 1626. In 1621 he sat in Parliament for the last time as MP for Grampound.

He died on 12 April 1639. His eldest son by Elizabeth Trevannion, Henry Carey, 2nd Earl of Monmouth (1596–1661) succeeded him, and on his death without surviving male issue the peerage became extinct.

His Memoirs were published first by John Boyle, 5th Earl of Cork in 1759. A second edition, annotated by Sir Walter Scott, was printed in 1808.

A new edition was published in 2005, ISBN 1-904466-29-X. The Stirring World of Robert Carey: Robert Carey's Memoirs 1577-1625.

Family and issue

Robert Carey married Elizabeth Trevannion, the daughter of Sir Hugh Trevannion and Sybilla Morgan, on 20 Aug 1593. They were first cousins, with Robert's mother Anne, being the elder sister of Sybilla. They had three children:
 * Henry Carey, 2nd Earl of Monmouth (1596–1661)
 * Thomas Carey (1598–1634). Thomas married Margaret Smith, daughter of Thomas Smith.
 * Lady Philadelphia Carey (died in c. 1654/5), married to Sir Thomas Wharton. She was the mother of the 4th Baron Wharton.

Historical fiction
Patricia Finney, writing as P.F. Chisholm, has written a series of historical mysteries featuring Sir Robert Carey, set during his time as Deputy Lord Warden of the Marches.

An elderly Robert Carey, supposedly speaking in 1626, narrates portions of George Garrett's novel ‘'The Succession'’.

title: Robert Carey, 1st Earl of Monmouth


text:
Ben Weinman

Benjamin A. Weinman (born August 8, 1975) is an American musician, most notable for being the lead guitarist and primary songwriter of the mathcore band the Dillinger Escape Plan (DEP). He is the founder and sole constant member of the DEP, he is currently playing rhythm guitar with the crossover thrash band Suicidal Tendencies and lead guitar in the progressive rock supergroup Giraffe Tongue Orchestra.

Weinman was named one of SPIN Magazine's 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time and one of the 20 Most Influential Metal Guitarists Of The Modern Era by VH1. Weinman was named one of Guitar World Magazine's 50 fastest guitar players of all time alongside guitar players such as Eddie Van Halen and Les Paul. He was named one of Guitar World's Top 25 Cult Guitarists in 2009, and one of the top modern Metal Guitar players by MetalSucks. Weinman has also been listed on About.com as an example of today's most important musicians under their definition of "guitarist" and was named one of Alternative Press Magazine's "10 Favorite Guitar Slingers".

Early life
Weinman grew up in Morris Plains, New Jersey. He is of Austrian-Jewish and Polish-Jewish/Austrian descent through his grandparents who fled to the United States before World War II. Weinman's family was not actively observant but he grew up "with a real appreciation of the culture of Judaism". He was diagnosed with attention deficit disorder (ADD) as a child. He later stated that "music saved his life" because it helped him to discover new ways of learning, make friends and it gave him a sense of purpose.

Weinman attended Fairleigh Dickinson University in Madison, New Jersey where he first received a degree in psychology in 2000 and then in corporate communications, a field in which he worked for some time afterwards at a web company.

The Dillinger Escape Plan
Weinman played in some bands from New Jersey and in 1996 he founded the hardcore punk band Arcane along with Chris Pennie on drums, Dimitri Minakakis on vocals, Bruce Fulton on bass and Brad McMann on second vocals. He describes the group as a "lost cause" due to their lack of innovation. After a few months, they turned around its style, with Adam Doll replacing Fulton and Derek Brantley taking over second guitar replacing McMann. Eventually, Arcane evolved into the Dillinger Escape Plan in 1997. Weinman gradually shifted his focus on being a full-time musician and eventually quit his corporate job.

Weinman has been involved in all the band's releases since their self-titled debut EP, as well as various other musical works. Weinman has self-managed or has been involved with the management of The Dillinger Escape Plan since the band's inception. Known for his outspoken views on the music industry, he has contributed to various publications and spoken at universities and conferences on the subjects of music production and the music business. Weinman's business techniques and philosophies have been discussed, and featured, in publications such as Forbes, the Huffington Post, and Bloomberg Businessweek.

On February 6, 2012, Weinman appeared on the VH1 series Metal Evolution in the final episode on progressive metal where The Dillinger Escape Plan was quoted as being "the world's most dangerous band".

The band's second full-length album, Miss Machine, was the first album released by record label Relapse Records to make the Billboard charts. Weinman's first full-length studio album with The Dillinger Escape Plan, entitled Calculating Infinity, was listed in the book The Top 500 Heavy Metal Albums of All Time by Martin Popoff. Calculating Infinity was also named one of "100 best rock albums of all time" by Kerrang magazine, who presented Weinman with a spirit of independence award.

Other projects
He is currently the manager for two times Grammy award-winning singer Kimbra who he also collaborated with on her second studio album entitled The Golden Echo.

In 2012, Weinman founded the group Giraffe Tongue Orchestra. In 2016, he released the debut album Broken Lines with it.

Weinman collaborated with rapper Wyclef Jean, contributing drums to a song which has not been released yet. Weinman also composed the scores for the films Alien Abduction, Red 48, The Survivalist, and the upcoming film Banshee.

Weinman has performed with acts such as Nine Inch Nails and System of a Down and in 2017, Weinman performed as a live guitarist/bassist for the electronic ensemble The Prodigy. He also joined Suicidal Tendencies as a fill-in guitarist on their summer 2018 tour; Weinman was later confirmed as a full-time member of Suicidal Tendencies, and he is currently working on new material with them.

Influences and guitar technique
Ben Weinman cited John McLaughlin, Robert Fripp, Greg Ginn, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Marty Friedman, and Steve Vai as his biggest influences. Weinman acknowledges Apocalypse by McLaughlin's Mahavishnu Orchestra as the album that changed his life, stating that "It was a huge part of what led me to make Dillinger".

The guitarist cited experimental band Mr. Bungle as his biggest influence in terms of eclecticism and the irony of his music, as well as in managing tours. Weinman also named its frontman Mike Patton his favorite singer of all time.

Equipment
At the 2014 NAMM Show ESP announced the release of Weinman's first signature guitar, the BW-1, which is based on the company's PS-1 "Xtone" model. He is also known for frequently playing the ESP H and MH series. Weinman has been seen using a variety of amps in the studio, ranging from a Bogner Uberschall, a Laney GH50L and a Marshall JCM, but he mainly uses Mesa/Boogie Triple Rectifiers and a Mark V for live performances. In addition to playing guitar, Weinman occasionally plays a Fender Precision Bass in live performances with The Prodigy.

Personal life
Ben Weinman is currently not married, but has an adopted son and a daughter. Following the disbandment of The Dillinger Escape Plan, he established an animal sanctuary on his home in New Jersey.

Weinman has supported the You Rock Foundation which seeks to spread awareness about depression and appeared in one of its video campaigns. He has been vocal about his choice not to drink, smoke or use other recreational drugs  Weinman follows a pescetarian lifestyle.

With The Dillinger Escape Plan

 * Calculating Infinity (1999)
 * Miss Machine (2004)
 * Ire Works (2007)
 * Option Paralysis (2010)
 * One of Us Is the Killer (2013)
 * Dissociation (2016)

With Giraffe Tongue Orchestra

 * Broken Lines (2016)

title: Ben Weinman


text:
Ricardo Pinto (novelist)

Ricardo Pinto (born 1961 in Lisbon, Portugal) is a computer game programmer and fantasy novelist.

Early life and gaming career
Pinto's family moved to London when he was six, and then to Dundee in Scotland. In 1979, he commenced a degree in mathematics at the University of Dundee. In 1983, Pinto moved to London to work as a programmer writing computer games. He moved back to Edinburgh and then to Bristol working on game design. He became interested in creating the plot for games and wrote Kryomek and Hivestone as support material for tabletop wargames.

Writing
While still at university around 1982, Pinto had written a 600-page manuscript which he later said "contained a first, vague impression" of what would become his The Stone Dance of the Chameleon series. After 10 years working the computer gaming industry he spent two years unemployed and teaching himself to write, during which time he developed his Stone Dance concept further.

His first novel, The Chosen, was published in 1999. The sequel The Standing Dead was published in 2002 and a third novel, The Third God, appeared in 2009, its completion delayed by the effects of a fire at the author's home. The Stone Dance of the Chameleon trilogy concerns the harrowing experiences of the young and inexperienced heir to a ruling dynasty who is suddenly taken from his protected childhood and thrust into a cruel society where he must fight for his family honour, his position and his life.

After giving up designing computer games, Pinto said that he "carried that discipline's world-building paradigm" into his writing. Though interested in historical fiction, he chose to write in an invented universe so as not to be creatively constrained by the setting. He notes that the Masters of the Stone Dance series have aspects of the Roman emperors seen though a "fairy tale lens." An initial conceptual idea was that the story was set in late Cretaceous period Antarctica, and some elements remain from this scenario.

Pinto has said that the books include his most deeply held political beliefs. He also felt that, despite possible commercial difficulties, his novels should include gay characters as a reflection of his own life experiences. He acknowledged that his ideas on writing and creating fantasy worlds had been influenced by the works of J. R. R. Tolkien and the Dune novels of Frank Herbert.

The Stone Dance of the Chameleon
Pinto's The Stone Dance of the Chameleon trilogy follows young nobleman Carnelian as he is thrust into the dangerous political arena of the Three Lands. In this slave-owning civilisation of dazzling beauty and ancient ritual, the purity of noble bloodlines is paramount to the strict and ruthless caste system headed by the God Emperor and his Chosen. The faces of these self-indulgent Masters, held as deities, can never be seen unmasked by lesser people, under threat of immediate death. As the series begins, Carnelian follows his father Sardian, Lord Suth, from their outlying home to the capital of Osrakum as the current Emperor lies dying and a successor is to be named. Carnelian's own lineage puts him at the center of court intrigue, and in mortal danger.

In 2020, Pinto re-released and self-published the series in a re-edited form, consisting of seven "leaner and extensive reworkings" of the original trilogy.

First Edition

 * 1) The Chosen (1999)
 * 2) The Standing Dead (2002)
 * 3) The Third God (2009)

Second Edition

 * 1) The Masters (2020)
 * 2) The Chosen (2020)
 * 3) The Standing Dead (2020)
 * 4) The Darkness Under the Trees (2020)
 * 5) Dragon Fire (2020)
 * 6) The Mirror Breaks (2020)
 * 7) The Third God (2020)

Other works

 *  War in Heaven (2013, with Adrian Smith)
 * Matryoshka (2018)

title: Ricardo Pinto (novelist)


text:
Mark 54 Lightweight Torpedo

The Mark 54 Lightweight Torpedo (formerly known as Lightweight Hybrid Torpedo, or LHT) is a standard 12.75 in anti-submarine warfare (ASW) torpedo used by the United States Navy.

Development
The Mark 54 was co-developed by Raytheon Integrated Defense Systems and the U.S. Navy under the U.S. Navy's Lightweight Hybrid Torpedo program in response to perceived problems with the extant Mark 50 and Mark 46 torpedoes. The Mk 50, having been developed to counter very high performance nuclear submarines such as the Soviet Alfa class, was seen as too expensive to use against relatively slow conventional submarines. The older Mk 46, designed for open-ocean use, performed poorly in the littoral areas, where the Navy envisioned itself likely to operate in the future.

The Mk 54 was created by combining the homing portion of the Mk 50 and the warhead and propulsion sections of the Mk 46, improved for better performance in shallow water, and with the addition of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technology to further reduce costs. It shares much of the software and computer hardware of the Mk 48 ADCAP heavy torpedo, based around a custom PowerPC 603e microprocessor.

Developmental testing began in July 1999, and a successful critical design review was completed in November 1999.

In April 2003, Raytheon was awarded a sole source contract for the production of the Mk 54. Full rate production began in October 2004. In March 2010 the Fifth Fleet requested improvements in the Mk 54's performance against diesel-electric submarines via an Urgent Operational Need Statement (UONS). This led to a software Block Upgrade (BUG) program which began testing in August 2011 and which continues, having been criticised by the Director, Operational Test and Evaluation (DOT&E) for using unrealistic proxies for threat submarines.

The Mk 54 can be fired from surface ships via the Mark 32 surface vessel torpedo tubes or the vertical launch anti-submarine rocket (ASROC) systems, and also from most ASW aircraft, although they are slightly different lengths and weights. The P-8 Poseidon uses the High-Altitude Anti-Submarine Warfare Weapons Capability (HAAWC) GPS-guided parachute kit to drop torpedoes from high altitude.

The FY14 DOT&E report assessed the Mk 54 (BUG) torpedo as not operationally effective in its intended role: "During operationally challenging and realistic scenarios, the Mk 54 (BUG) demonstrated below threshold performance and exhibited many of the same failure mechanisms observed during the FY 2004 initial operational testing". Shortfalls were also identified with the employing platforms’ tactics and tactical documentation, and interoperability problems with some platform fire control systems.

Current operators
In May 2019 Canada requested 425 Mk 54 lightweight torpedo conversion kits, plus ancillary training, exercise and maintenance spare parts. This procurement will allow Canada to upgrade its current inventory of Mk 46 torpedoes. The Mk 54 lightweight torpedoes are expected to be used on the Royal Canadian Navy's Halifax-class frigates, and the Royal Canadian Air Force's CP-140 Aurora aircraft. The torpedoes are also planned to be deployed from the CH-148 maritime helicopters. On 17 May 2019, the U.S. State Department approved the sale worth US$387 Million (C$514 Million in 2019.) Under Canada's Industrial and Technological Benefits Policy, Canada negotiated an Offset agreement with Raytheon before signing the final deal in order to leverage jobs and economic benefits in Canada.
 * Royal Australian Navy - In October 2010, Australia ordered 200 more torpedoes.
 * Brazilian Navy - In December 2020, the US Department of State approved for $70 million, the sale for Brazil of 22 Mk 54 lightweight torpedo conversion kits for the Mk 46 Mod 5A torpedoes already in operation in the S-70B helicopters of the Brazilian Navy, plus ancillary training, exercise and maintenance spare parts.
 * Royal Canadian Air Force
 * Royal Canadian Navy
 * Royal Canadian Air Force
 * Royal Canadian Navy
 * Royal Canadian Navy
 * Indian Navy - In June 2011, it was reported that India will get 32 Mk 54 All-Up-Round Lightweight Torpedoes and associated equipment, parts, training and logistical support for an estimated cost of $86 million through U.S. government's Foreign Military Sales program for P-8I LRMP.
 * Mexican Navy - In early 2018 the U.S. State Department approved the sale of Mark 54 torpedoes to the Mexican Navy, who will deploy them from their new Sigma-class design frigates, the first of which is being jointly built with Dutch shipbuilding company Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding. In April 2018, the US State Department cleared the sale of an additional 30 Mark 54 torpedoes to the Mexican Navy, which may be carried on MH-60R helicopters, which the Mexican Navy plans to order in the near future.
 * Royal New Zealand Air Force - Have an undisclosed number with the purchase of the P8-A. It was known that the upgrade from the Mk 46 was going to happen via the "Defence Capability Plan 2019" and was stated in the RNZAF News (Page 25) that weapons was the Mark 54 Torpedo. It is unknown whether the Royal New Zealand Navy have replaced their Mk46 at this stage.
 * Royal Netherlands Navy - In 2018 the Royal Netherlands Navy acquired MK 54 torpedoes via the Foreign Military Sales process.
 * Royal Air Force - In January 2018 it was announced that the P-8 Poseidon aircraft to be operated by the RAF will carry the Mk 54.
 * United States Navy
 * German Navy - In 2020 it was announced that the German Navy ordered 64 Weapons for use with its P-3 Orion Aircraft.
 * Royal Netherlands Navy - In 2018 the Royal Netherlands Navy acquired MK 54 torpedoes via the Foreign Military Sales process.
 * Royal Air Force - In January 2018 it was announced that the P-8 Poseidon aircraft to be operated by the RAF will carry the Mk 54.
 * United States Navy
 * German Navy - In 2020 it was announced that the German Navy ordered 64 Weapons for use with its P-3 Orion Aircraft.
 * United States Navy
 * German Navy - In 2020 it was announced that the German Navy ordered 64 Weapons for use with its P-3 Orion Aircraft.
 * German Navy - In 2020 it was announced that the German Navy ordered 64 Weapons for use with its P-3 Orion Aircraft.

title: Mark 54 Lightweight Torpedo


text:
LGBT rights in the Central African Republic

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in the Central African Republic face legal and social challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Both male and female types of same-sex sexual activity are legal in the Central African Republic, but LGBT persons still face discrimination among the broader population.

The Central African Republic was one of the few African states that signed a "joint statement on ending acts of violence and related human rights violations based on sexual orientation and gender identity" at the United Nations, condemning violence and discrimination against LGBT people.

Laws regarding same-sex sexual activity
Same-sex sexual activity is legal. However, according to the U.S. Department of State's 2012 human rights report, "The penal code criminalizes 'public expression of love' between persons of the same sex is imprisonment for six months to two years or a fine of between 150,000 and 600,000 CFA francs ($300 and $1,200). When one of the participants is a child, the adult may be sentenced to two to five years' imprisonment or a fine of 100,000 to 800,000 CFA francs ($200 and $1,600); however, there were no reports that police arrested or detained persons [in 2012] under these provisions."

Recognition of same sex relationships
There is no legal recognition of same-sex couples.

Same-sex marriage is constitutionally banned as marriage is defined in Article 7 of the Constitution as "the union between one man and one woman ... Family and marriage are under the protection of the State."

Adoption and family planning
According to a website of the French government, single and married people are eligible to adopt children. The website does not say whether single LGBT people are disqualified or not.

Living conditions
The U.S. Department of State's 2012 Human Rights Report found that,

There were no reports of the government targeting gays and lesbians. However, societal discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons was entrenched, and many citizens attributed the existence of homosexuality to undue Western influence. There were no known organizations advocating or working on behalf of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender persons.