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Retrosynthetic analysis

Retrosynthetic analysis is a technique for solving problems in the planning of organic syntheses. This is achieved by transforming a target molecule into simpler precursor structures regardless of any potential reactivity/interaction with reagents. Each precursor material is examined using the same method. This procedure is repeated until simple or commercially available structures are reached. These simpler/commercially available compounds can be used to form a synthesis of the target molecule. E.J. Corey formalized this concept in his book The Logic of Chemical Synthesis.

The power of retrosynthetic analysis becomes evident in the design of a synthesis. The goal of retrosynthetic analysis is a structural simplification. Often, a synthesis will have more than one possible synthetic route. Retrosynthesis is well suited for discovering different synthetic routes and comparing them in a logical and straightforward fashion. A database may be consulted at each stage of the analysis, to determine whether a component already exists in the literature. In that case, no further exploration of that compound would be required. If that compound exists, it can be a jumping point for further steps developed to reach a synthesis.

Definitions

 * Disconnection: A retrosynthetic step involving the breaking of a bond to form two (or more) synthons.
 * Retron: A minimal molecular substructure that enables certain transformations.
 * Retrosynthetic tree: A directed acyclic graph of several (or all) possible retrosyntheses of a single target.
 * Synthon: A fragment of a compound that assists in the formation of a synthesis, derived from that target molecule. A synthon and the corresponding commercially available synthetic equivalent are shown below:
 * Target: The desired final compound.
 * Transform: The reverse of a synthetic reaction; the formation of starting materials from a single product.

Example
Shown below is a retrosynthetic analysis of phenylacetic acid:

In planning the synthesis, two synthons are identified. A nucleophilic "-COOH" group, and an electrophilic "PhCH2+" group. Both synthons do not exist as written; synthetic equivalents corresponding to the synthons are reacted to produce the desired product. In this case, the cyanide anion is the synthetic equivalent for the −COOH synthon, while benzyl bromide is the synthetic equivalent for the benzyl synthon.

The synthesis of phenylacetic acid determined by retrosynthetic analysis is thus:

 * PhCH2Br + NaCN → PhCH2CN + NaBr
 * PhCH2CN + 2 H2O → PhCH2COOH + NH3

In fact, phenylacetic acid has been synthesized from benzyl cyanide, itself prepared by the analogous reaction of benzyl bromide with sodium cyanide.

Functional group strategies
Manipulation of functional groups can lead to significant reductions in molecular complexity.

Stereochemical strategies
Numerous chemical targets have distinct stereochemical demands. Stereochemical transformations (such as the Claisen rearrangement and Mitsunobu reaction) can remove or transfer the desired chirality thus simplifying the target.

Structure-goal strategies
Directing a synthesis toward a desirable intermediate can greatly narrow the focus of analysis. This allows bidirectional search techniques.

Transform-based strategies
The application of transformations to retrosynthetic analysis can lead to powerful reductions in molecular complexity. Unfortunately, powerful transform-based retrons are rarely present in complex molecules, and additional synthetic steps are often needed to establish their presence.

Topological strategies
The identification of one or more key bond disconnections may lead to the identification of key substructures or difficult to identify rearrangement transformations in order to identify the key structures.
 * Disconnections that preserve ring structures are encouraged.
 * Disconnections that create rings larger than 7 members are discouraged.
 * Disconnection involves creativity.

title: Retrosynthetic analysis


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P. Ramlee

Tan Sri Datuk Amar Teuku Zakaria bin Teuku Nyak Puteh (later Ramlee bin Puteh; 22 March 1929 – 29 May 1973), better known by his stage name P. Ramlee (Puteh Ramlee), was a Malaysian actor, filmmaker, musician, and composer famous in modern-day Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia and Southern Thailand. Born in Penang, Malaya, he is regarded as a prominent icon in their shared region.

P. Ramlee's career in the entertainment industry spanned from the late 1940s until his death in 1973. He made significant contributions to the Malayan-Singaporean film industries, starring in and directing numerous films that are considered classics today. Some of his most notable works include Bujang Lapok (1957), Do Re Mi (1966), and Tiga Abdul (1964).

In addition to his film career, P. Ramlee was also a prolific musician, composing over 350 songs. His music often incorporated traditional Malay elements and became immensely popular across Southeast Asia. His versatility and talent earned him numerous awards and accolades throughout his life.

P. Ramlee's legacy continues to influence and inspire new generations of artists in the region. His films and music remain beloved, and his contributions to the cultural heritage of Malaysia, Singapore and the broader Malay-speaking world (i.e. the Nusantara) are celebrated to this day.

Early life
P. Ramlee was born on 22 March 1929 to Teuku Nyak Puteh Bin Teuku Karim (1902–1955) and Che Mah Binti Hussein (1904–1967). His father, Teuku Nyak Puteh, who was a descendant of a wealthy family in Aceh, migrated from Lhokseumawe in Aceh, Indonesia, to settle in Penang, where he married P. Ramlee’s mother, who hailed from Kubang Buaya, Butterworth, North Seberang Perai and were domiciled at the Sungai Pinang suburb of the capital, Georgetown (where his birthplace museum still stands today).

P. Ramlee received his education from the Sekolah Melayu Kampung Jawa (Kampung Jawa Malay School), Francis Light English School and then to Penang Free School; in all he was registered as "Ramlee" by his father, because his name Teuku Zakaria was not suitable with other children at that time. Reportedly a reluctant and naughty student, P. Ramlee was nevertheless talented and interested in music and football. His studies at the Penang Free School were interrupted by the Japanese occupation from 1942 to 1945, during which he was enrolled in the Imperial Naval Academy (Kaigun Heigakkō). He also learnt the basics of music and to sing Japanese songs during this period with his teacher, Hirahe-san. When the war ended, he took music lessons that enabled him to read musical notations, joining a marching band in his village.

Name
He abbreviated his name to P. Ramlee (Puteh Ramlee), taking inspiration from the Tamil patronymic naming conventions, where the initial stood for his father's name (Puteh) and was followed by his given name (Ramlee).

Career
By 1948, the 19 year-old Ramlee had already won a number of singing competitions, and was writing his own songs and playing the violin in a kroncong band. That year, B. S. Rajhans, a film director for the Malay Film Productions (MFP) came across P. Ramlee at a singing competition hosted by Radio Malaya in Bukit Mertajam, Penang. Rajhans placed Ramlee in a supporting role in his 1948 film Chinta ("Love"), in which he played a villain, and he also performed five songs as a playback singer providing vocals for the lead actor S. Roomai Noor.

In 1950, Ramlee played his first major role in the film directed by L. Krishnan, Bakti ("Devotion"). In Bakti, he was the first actor to sing in his own voice instead of relying on playback singer. During the singing scene, Ramlee duet with Siti Zainab, who already appeared in four films with him. In the following films, such as Juwita in 1951 and Ibu ("Mother") in 1953, he became established as a major star of the Malay film industry.

Aside from acting, Ramlee was a prolific songwriter, and around 500 of his songs have been recorded, either by himself or by other artists. Ramlee himself recorded 359 songs for his films and records. Among his best known songs are "Getaran Jiwa", "Dendang Perantau", "Engkau Laksana Bulan", "Joget Pahang", "Tudung Periok", "Di Mana Kan Ku Cari Ganti" and "Azizah". The songs Ramlee wrote were featured in his films, performed by Ramlee himself or by other artists. In Hang Tuah (1956) which was directed by B.N. Rao, Ramlee won best musical score at the Asia-Pacific Film Festival.

P. Ramlee started directing feature films in 1955, the first of which was Penarek Becha ("Trishaw Man"). P Ramlee wrote the screenplay based on a story by Lu Xun, and the film was critically praised as the best Malay film of the year. He also directed and starred in the Bujang Lapok film comedy series. One of these, Pendekar Bujang Lapok (1959), won the Best Comedy award at the Asia-Pacific Film Festival. He also won the Best Actor award for Anak-ku Sazali at the festival. Other significant films he directed for MFP include Antara Dua Darjat, Ibu Mertua-ku and Tiga Abdul.

Ramlee's career at the Malay Film Productions in Singapore between 1955 and 1964 was considered his "golden age" when he made his most critically acclaimed films and wrote his best-remembered songs. His compositions reflected a highly cosmopolitanized music landscape that was pervasive in early 20th century Malaya and Singapore, that is the accompanying music of bangsawan and ronggeng theatres plus the keroncong genre. In 1964, he left Singapore for Kuala Lumpur to make films with Merdeka Film Productions, however, he was less successful there and faced constant sabotage from other Malaysian artists.

He made 18 films with Merdeka, and his last film was Laksamana Do Re Mi made in 1972. His last song was "Ayer Mata di Kuala Lumpur" ("Tears in Kuala Lumpur") intended for a film of the same name before he died in 1973. In all, Ramlee starred in 62 films and directed 33. When Laksamana Do Re Mi was nominated at the 1973 Asia Pacific Film Festival, P. Ramlee was ignored by other Malaysian artists in attendance, and he subsequently decided to sit with Singaporean artists instead, with foreign artists (from Hong Kong and Japan) giving him more recognition as well.

Death and legacy
Before dawn of 29 May 1973, P. Ramlee died at the age of 44 from a heart attack and was buried at Jalan Ampang Muslim Cemetery in Kuala Lumpur.

At the time of his death, Ramlee's career was generally ignored in the Malaysian entertainment industry of the time, and had largely been denounced out of jealousy from other contemporaries. It was only during the late 1980s, two decades after his death, that his contributions became much more honoured for their significance in the late-colonial and post-independent nation-building periods they were made, partly out of deep shame and sense of pity (kasihan) towards discovery of said tragic final years by generations after him.

On 16 June 1983, the fourth Prime Minister, Dr. Mahathir Mohamad expressed the need to take genuinely effective measures to commemorate Ramlee's contributions as the nation's greatest artist. Mahathir referred to Ramlee as a true people's artist, stating that despite his passing a decade ago, he is still remembered by people of all ages.

In the late 1980s, the P. Ramlee Memorial or Pustaka Peringatan P. Ramlee was built in his home in Setapak, Kuala Lumpur. In 1992, the street Jalan Parry, in the center of Kuala Lumpur, was renamed Jalan P. Ramlee in his honour. In 1990, he was posthumously awarded the Malaysian honorific title Tan Sri, and then in 2009, the honorific title of "Datuk Amar" by Sarawak State Government. Then Chief Minister of Sarawak, Abdul Taib Mahmud, an avid fan of Ramlee, presented the award to his adopted daughter, Dian P. Ramlee, in a ceremony honouring veteran artists in Kuching.

The P. Ramlee House is a museum situated along Jalan P. Ramlee (formerly Caunter Hall road) in Penang, Malaysia. The building is a restored wooden house that was originally built in 1926 by his father and uncle. The house had previously undergone multiple repairs before being taken over by the National Archives as an extension of its P. Ramlee Memorial project in Kuala Lumpur. Items on display at the house include personal memorabilia related to his life in Penang and items belonging to his family.

On 22 March 2017; his 88th birthday, Google honored P. Ramlee with a Doodle on the Malaysian Google homepage.

In 2021, Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) honoured him with their limited-time menu, the Burger P. Ramlee — a combination between KFC Zinger and P. Ramlee's favourite dish, the Nasi Kandar where it is available in four combos — À'la Carte, Kombo, Set Legenda and Kombo Ikon.

Filmography
P. Ramlee was involved in many aspects of his films: as scriptwriter, director, actor as well as music composer and singer. He was involved in 62 films throughout his career as an actor, as well as a number of other films in other capacities.

Awards

 * 🇲🇾 Malaysia :
 * MY Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara (Defender of the Realm) - SMN.svg Member of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (AMN) (1962)
 * Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia - PSM.svg Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (PSM) – Tan Sri (1990; posthumously)
 * P. Ramlee was posthumously granted the sobriquet Seniman Agung.
 * Sarawak :
 * [[File:MY-SAR Order of the Star of the Hornbill (Bintang Kenyalang) - 2. Knight Commander (DA).svg|50px]] Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak (DA) – Datuk Amar (2009; posthumously)

Entities named after P. Ramlee
Various places are named after Ramlee
 * Jalan P. Ramlee, Penang (formerly known as Caunter Hall; renamed on 30 August 1983)
 * Jalan P. Ramlee, Kuala Lumpur (formerly known as Jalan Parry; renamed in 1982)
 * Bangunan P. Ramlee and Bilik Mesyuarat Tan Sri P. Ramlee at Sekolah Kebangsaan Hulu Klang, Selangor (used as background in Masam Masam Manis)
 * Jalan P. Ramlee, Kuching, Sarawak (formerly known as Jalan Jawa)
 * Taman P. Ramlee (formerly Taman Furlong) a townships at Setapak, Kuala Lumpur and George Town, Penang
 * Pawagam Mini P. Ramlee at Studio Merdeka, FINAS, Ulu Klang, Selangor
 * Makmal P.Ramlee at Filem Negara Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor
 * P. Ramlee Auditorium (formerly known as RTM Auditorium), Angkasapuri
 * SK Tan Sri P. Ramlee, Georgetown, Penang (formerly SK Kampung Jawa, his alma mater; renamed on 13 November 2011)
 * Ramlee Mall at Suria KLCC shopping centre, Kuala Lumpur
 * Bukit Nanas Monorail station, Kuala Lumpur, formerly known as P. Ramlee Monorail station
 * Auditorium P. Ramlee, RTM Kuching, Sarawak

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: P. Ramlee


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Turnabout

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 02:56, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Turnabout and Lindsay Lane
Online series, a part of the Sims universe. Not notable. RickK 05:01, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, though with reservations. I have no idea what's going on in the Sims universe, so for all I know this might be a huge thing there. Google is unhelpful, except for establishing the fact that it can't be that notable. Rl 17:10, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - NN. One of 18,691 user-created stories on the Sims2 website .  Search for 'Turnabout' and you get three records.  How's that for research?  Non-notable.  SteveW | Talk 23:45, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Allston (surname)

Allston is an English language surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Aaron Allston (1960–2014), American game designer and writer
 * Johanna Allston (born 1986), Australian orienteer
 * Robert Francis Withers Allston (1801–1864), Governor of South Carolina
 * Washington Allston (1779–1843), American poet and influential painter
 * Charles Allston Collins (1828–1873), British painter and writer

title: Allston (surname)


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Duane syndrome

Duane syndrome is a congenital rare type of strabismus most commonly characterized by the inability of the eye to move outward. The syndrome was first described by ophthalmologists Jakob Stilling (1887) and Siegmund Türk (1896), and subsequently named after Alexander Duane, who discussed the disorder in more detail in 1905.

Other names for this condition include: Duane's retraction syndrome, eye retraction syndrome, retraction syndrome, congenital retraction syndrome and Stilling-Türk-Duane syndrome.

Presentation
The characteristic features of the syndrome are:
 * Limitation of abduction (outward movement) of the affected eye.
 * Less marked limitation of adduction (inward movement) of the same eye.
 * Retraction of the eyeball into the socket on adduction, with associated narrowing of the palpebral fissure (eye closing).
 * Widening of the palpebral fissure on attempted abduction. (N. B. Mein and Trimble point out that this is "probably of no significance" as the phenomenon also occurs in other conditions in which abduction is limited.)
 * Poor convergence.
 * A head turn to the side of the affected eye to compensate for the movement limitations of the eye(s) and to maintain binocular vision.

While usually isolated to the eye abnormalities, Duane syndrome can be associated with other problems including cervical spine abnormalities Klippel–Feil syndrome, Goldenhar syndrome, heterochromia, and congenital deafness.

Causes
Duane syndrome is most probably a miswiring of the eye muscles, causing some eye muscles to contract when they shouldn't and other eye muscles not to contract when they should. Alexandrakis and Saunders found that in most cases the abducens nucleus and nerve are absent or hypoplastic, and the lateral rectus muscle is innervated by a branch of the oculomotor nerve. This view is supported by the earlier work of Hotchkiss et al. who reported on the autopsy findings of two patients with Duane's syndrome. In both cases the sixth cranial nerve nucleus and nerve was absent, and the lateral rectus muscle was innervated by the inferior division of the third oculomotor nerve. This misdirection of nerve fibres results in opposing muscles being innervated by the same nerve. Thus, on attempted abduction, stimulation of the lateral rectus via the oculomotor nerve will be accompanied by stimulation of the opposing medial rectus via the same nerve; a muscle which works to adduct the eye. Thus, co-contraction of the muscles takes place, limiting the amount of movement achievable and also resulting in retraction of the eye into the socket. They also noticed mechanical factors and considered them secondary to loss of innervation: During corrective surgery fibrous attachments have been found connecting the horizontal recti and the orbital walls and fibrosis of the lateral rectus has been confirmed by biopsy. This fibrosis can result in the lateral rectus being 'tight' and acting as a tether or leash. Co-contraction of the medial and lateral recti allows the globe to slip up or down under the tight lateral rectus producing the up and down shoots characteristic of the condition.

Genetics
There are two known genetic associations with Duane Syndrome. In some families the condition is associated with variants in the Chimerin 1 gene and in others it is associated with variants in the Transcription factor MafB gene.

Classification
Duane's syndrome has three variants:
 * Type I: Limited abduction with or without esotropia
 * Type II: Limited adduction with or without exotropia
 * Type III: Limitation of both abduction and adduction and any form of horizontal strabismus

Brown(1950) has classified Duane's syndrome according to the characteristics of the limitation of movement-
 * Type A: with limited abduction and less-marked limitation of adduction
 * Type B: showing limited abduction but normal adduction
 * Type C: the limitation of adduction exceeds the limitation of abduction. There is an exotropic deviation and a head turn to compensate the loss of adduction

The first type is more common and accounts for 85% of the cases.

Differential diagnosis
In the clinical setting, the principal difficulties in differential diagnosis arise as a consequence of the very early age at which patients with this condition first present. The clinician must be persistent in examining abduction and adduction, and in looking for any associated palpebral fissure changes or head postures, when attempting to determine whether what often presents as a common childhood squint (note-"squint" is a British term for two eyes not looking in the same direction ) is in fact Duane syndrome. Fissure changes, and the other associated characteristics of Duane's such as up or down shoots and globe retraction, are also vital when deciding whether any abduction limitation is the result of Duane's and not a consequence of VI or abducens cranial nerve palsy.

Acquired Duane's syndrome is a rare event occurring after peripheral nerve palsy.

Treatment
The majority of patients remain symptom free and able to maintain binocularity with only a slight face turn. Amblyopia is uncommon and, where present, rarely dense. This can be treated with occlusion, and any refractive error can also be corrected.

Duane syndrome cannot be cured, as the "missing" cranial nerve cannot be replaced, and traditionally there has been no expectation that surgery will result in any increase in the range of eye movement. Surgical intervention, therefore, has only been recommended where the patient is unable to maintain binocularity, where they are experiencing symptoms, or where they are forced to adopt a cosmetically unsightly or uncomfortable head posture in order to maintain binocularity. The aims of surgery are to place the eye in a more central position and, thus, place the field of binocularity more centrally also, and to overcome or reduce the need for the adoption of an abnormal head posture. Occasionally, surgery is not needed during childhood, but becomes appropriate later in life, as head position changes (presumably due to progressive muscle contracture).

Surgical approaches include:
 * Medial rectus recession in the involved eye or both eyes. By weakening the medial rectus muscles this procedure improves the crossed-eye appearance but does not improve outward eye movements (abductions).
 * Morad et al. showed improved abduction after modest unilateral medial rectus recession and lateral rectus resection in a subgroup of patients with mild eye retraction and good adduction before surgery.
 * Lateral transposition of the vertical muscles described by Rosenbaum has been shown to improve range of movement of the eye. The surgical procedure produces 40-65 degrees of binocular field. Orbital wall fixation of the lateral rectus muscle (muscle is disinserted and reattached to lateral orbital wall) is recommended an effective method to inactivate a lateral rectus muscle in cases of marked anomalous innervation and severe cocontraction.

Epidemiology
Most patients are diagnosed by the age of 10 years and Duane's is more common in girls (60 percent of the cases) than boys (40 percent of the cases). A French study reports that this syndrome accounts for 1.9% of the population of strabismic patients, 53.5% of patients are female, is unilateral in 78% of cases, and the left eye (71.9%) is affected more frequently than the right. Around 10–20% of cases are familial; these are more likely to be bilateral than non-familial Duane syndrome. Duane syndrome has no particular race predilection.

title: Duane syndrome


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Kanifing

Kanifing (also Kanifeng) is a town in the Gambia, and lies immediately west of the capital city of Banjul.

The Kanifing Local Government Area has the largest population of any of the administrative districts in Gambia. It includes Serrekunda, the largest urban area in the Gambia, as well as the Atlantic coastal resorts in which most of the region's hotels are to be found.

The head office of Gambia Bird, an airline, was located at the Gambia Bird House in Kanifing.

Sister cities
Kanifing is twinned with:
 * 🇺🇸 Madison, Wisconsin, United States
 * 🇸🇳 Mbao, Senegal

External websites

 * Government of Kanifing

title: Kanifing


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Santiago Rusiñol

Santiago Rusiñol i Prats (, ; Barcelona 25 February 1861 – Aranjuez 13 June 1931) was a Catalan painter, poet, journalist, collector and playwright. He was one of the leaders of the Catalan modernisme movement. He created more than a thousand paintings and wrote numerous works in Catalan and Spanish.

Life and friends

He was born in Barcelona into a textile industrialist family from Manlleu, where they owned the textile mill town known as Can Ramissa. Santiago Rusiñol appears in the civil registry with the names of Jaume Jacint Lluís, rather than Santiago. Despite being the inheritor of the family business, he developed in his adolescence an interest in art which would go on to be his life's work.

On 19 June 1886, he married Lluïsa Denís i Reverter. The following year, his daughter, Maria Agustina (ca), was born. A few months later, however, his restless nature, lack of interest in the family business, and desire to paint and travel led him to hand over the company's management to his brother Albert, a businessman and politician. Santiago thereafter began to travel through Catalonia, Spain, France, and Italy. Travel would go on to be a constant in his life.

In 1888, he established himself as a writer, regularly contributing to the newspaper La Vanguardia. In 1889 he broke off ties with his family, a rupture that lasted ten years, although he kept in touch with his daughter. That same year he went to study in Paris, where he lived on and off for the next decade.

In 1893 he set up his studio in Sitges, which today stands as the Cau Ferrat. Sitges became a modernist reference point for artists, writers and musicians, including Rusiñol, and modernist festivals, combining theatre, poetry, painting and music were organized there. He continued to write, chiefly narrative works and poems in prose. Some of his novels were adapted and performed in the theatre, such as L'auca del senyor Esteve, written in 1907 and released a few years later. In the first decade of the twentieth century, he consolidated his prestige as a prolific painter and writer, both in Barcelona and throughout Spain and Paris. In 1899, due to a severe illness, he was reunited with his wife. When he recovered, he returned to France with his family to detoxify from morphine addiction. He became an official member of the Paris Salon in 1908.

He was also part of the famous social gatherings of the Els Quatre Gats brewery on Carrer de Montsió in Barcelona run by Pere Romeu, a place of social gathering and an alternative art room, and frequented by a young Pablo Picasso. He maintained close friendships with the painter Ramon Casas and the sculptor Enric Clarasó until his death.

In the following two decades, his prestige grew in Barcelona despite disagreements with Noucentista artists and critics of the time (notably with the art critic Eugenio d'Ors, who wrote in the newspaper La Veu de Catalunya). In 1917, he was awarded the Legion of Honor by the French government.

He died in Aranjuez in 1931. Manuel Azaña, president of the Spanish Republic's provisional government, ordered an official funeral in Madrid. Rusiñol was later buried in Barcelona.

Pictorial artwork
He studied at the studio of the painter Tomàs Moragas, where he learned drawing and various techniques, such as oil and watercolor. He first showed his work at the Sala Parés, in Barcelona, in 1879, in a collective exhibition; he would work with this gallery throughout his life. He also painting landscapes, figures, and literary scenes as opposed to the historical themes which at the time were fashionable.

His work often depicted depicting natural scenes of Catalan landscapes. He also painted scenes related to work and of the urban landscape, displaying characters in natural attitudes or engaged in their daily tasks. His work was generally well-received by critics of the time.

In 1888 he had his first solo exhibition in the Parés Gallery, published articles in the newspaper La Vanguardia, exhibited for the first time at the Paris Salon, and participated in the Barcelona World's Fair.

title: Santiago Rusiñol


text:
Canadian Oxford Dictionary

The Canadian Oxford Dictionary is a dictionary of Canadian English. First published by Oxford University Press Canada in 1998, it became a well-known reference for Canadian English.

The second edition, published in 2004, contains about 300,000 entries, including about 2,200 true Canadianisms. It also provides information on Canadian pronunciation and on Canadian spelling, which has features of both British and American spelling: colour, centre, and travelling, but tire, aluminum, and realize, resulting in combinations such as .

Editorial staff and development method
Until September 2008, Oxford maintained a permanent staff of lexicographers in Canada, led by editor Katherine Barber. With its Canadian dictionary division closed, Oxford has since been outsourcing work on Canadian dictionary products to freelance editors.

Editions and versions

 * Prior editions

 * Picture dictionary

 * Paperback

 * Alex Bisset, editor. The Canadian Oxford Paperback Dictionary (first edition 2000, reissued 2004, second edition 2006) Toronto, Oxford University Press.

 * Compact
 * The Canadian Oxford Compact Dictionary (published 2001, reissued 2004)

 * Concise
 * Concise Canadian Oxford Dictionary (published 2005)

 * High school
 * The Canadian Oxford High School Dictionary (published 2002, reissued 2004)

 * Spelling
 * The Canadian Oxford Spelling Dictionary (published 1999, reissued 2004)

 * Juvenile
 * My First Canadian Oxford Dictionary

Other Canadian English dictionaries
Two other major Canadian English dictionaries are the ITP Nelson Canadian Dictionary and the Gage Canadian Dictionary.

title: Canadian Oxford Dictionary


text:
Talk:Corn Pops

ok, this seems a bit odd, listing the ingredients from the side of a cereal box! i'm considering a delete of that part and, and when i'm done writing here I'll ad the stub tag. really this article is a disgrace- jsonitsac

Reasons for the name changes?
Anyone know exactly WHY the cereal has gone through so many name changes?

Also, since the cereal is now just "Pops", should the actual article be there, with Corn Pops redirecting there? --BPM 07:42, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Ditto the above. Particularly important would be the dates for the name changes. 71.9.138.79 (talk) 08:40, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Just looking at labels in grocery stores, they seem to have switched back to "Corn Pops", but the "pops" is emphasized... --yuliya 19:58, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

"Sugar Corn Pops" was used long before 1978. In some commercials (not the one linked in the article), the words before "Sugar Pops are tops" were "Kellogg's Sugar Corn Pops." See this YouTube video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NIALQYOeW2A (I don't see a small "corn" on the box in this video, but I'm pretty sure for some years well below 1978 ut was there.) The assertion in the opening paragraph has no supporting reference.Danchall (talk) 12:54, 15 June 2012 (UTC)

It isn't really a mystery. The name changes came about when sugar began to be regarded as a bad thing instead of a good thing and consumer and nutritional groups began to caution against the high sugar content in many children's cereals. However, as far as I know the recipe has stayed the same, except that cane sugar has been replaced with less-expensive high fructose corn syrup. - Embram (talk) 11:52, 6 April 2017 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Corn-pops-box.JPG
Image:Corn-pops-box.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 13:07, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. Maximum and careful attention was done to avoid any wrongly tagging any categories, but mistakes may happen... If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 23:35, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

Corn Pops recalled
What about publishing this news in the article? That's the official source. --Razzairpina (talk) 23:07, 25 June 2010 (UTC)

Russia
I removed the following section from the article, since it appears to be about a different product altogether, not Kelloggs Corn Pops.

 * === Russia ===
 * Кукурузные палочки.JPG
 * Corn pops in Russia are issued in the form of sticks since 1967. The original technology was developed by W. Krikunov. Now corn pops with powdered sugar are widely made in all regions of Russia and are on sale as the widespread children's delicacy under various trademarks.

It's not clear, but this doesn't appear to be describing a Kellogg's product. From some searching online, I suspect that the product described is not a breakfast cereal at all but rather a snack food—like a sweet version of a cheese puff. Kukuruznye palochki (corn pops)? In any event, the contribution is not supported by any citation and I am disputing its accuracy and relevance.--Srleffler (talk) 01:09, 25 September 2014 (UTC)
 * +1, I'm looking for proper English name for this product, literally it is corn sticks. Will also create separate Wikidata item -- Ата (talk) 08:27, 6 April 2017 (UTC)

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Corn Pops minor controversy
Was there a controversy regarding one of the designs having a graphic on the back displaying a bunch of pops having fun, but one of them is working and is also black, and is it worth mentioning? 2600:100E:B022:6C47:7C25:6221:62C0:8FF3 (talk) 05:33, 2 June 2023 (UTC)

Yes, there was a controversy. He was a bad dude. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.102.103.18 (talk) 01:09, 3 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Do you have any sources or pictures? Sounds like a rumor and you would need a source or reference to include.gujamin (talk) 22:10, 21 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Section for this has been added. 🌸wasianpower🌸 (talk • contribs) 14:44, 7 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Corn Pops


text: User talk:69.111.224.65

title: User talk:69.111.224.65


text:
User:Nskinsella

Bookmarks

 * Stephan Kinsella
 * KinsellaLaw, Stephan Kinsella's legal website
 * StephanKinsella.com, Stephan Kinsella's libertarian website
 * Kevin Rose gives in on the HD-DVD encryption key fiasco -- the controversy was over whether web sites may display the HD-DVD key

Contributions
Contributions: in no particular order

All contributions

Articles started:

 * Stephan Kinsella (the second time--User:DickClarkMises started it the first time)
 * Kinsella
 * discourse ethics
 * Rosalyn Higgins
 * Paul M. Hebert Law Center
 * Paul M. Hebert
 * Roger Pilon
 * Rosalyn Higgins
 * South Texas College of Law
 * Wikinerds (keeps being deleted)
 * Wikinerd (keeps being deleted)

Articles contributed to:

 * Alan Gewirth
 * Intellectual Property
 * Anarcho-capitalism
 * Lew Rockwell
 * Southern Poverty Law Center
 * Ludwig von Mises Institute
 * Libertarian theories of law
 * Hans-Hermann Hoppe

NOTES ABOUT CAMPAIGN TO DELETE MY ENTRY

 * Talk:Stephan_Kinsella (defense of Stephan Kinsella biography per biography policy
 * biography policy
 * Votes_for_deletion/Stephan_Kinsella_2
 * Votes_for_deletion/Stephan_Kinsella
 * THIRD attempt to delete my page--wow. In March 2007. Is this some kind of record? Alas, this one failed too. I wonder where User:Willmcw was?

If my entry Stephan Kinsella has again been deleted, anyone who thinks it ought to be there is urged to put the following entry back up. Summary of what happened: Several months ago Dick Clark (who I do not know) put my entry up. User:Willmcw got it deleted, on vanity and non-notable grounds. I did not fight it, as I did not really care, and did not know what the critieria for "notability" were anyway.

A week or so ago, when observing the deletion process on another entry, I found the biography policy. As noted here, under these policy, it seems pretty clear that my entry is permissible, and never should have been deleted in the first place. So I put up an entry, expecting the criteria to be fairly applied. Willmcw and others voted to delete my entry again; as of this writing, it looks like it may be deleted. But none of them even made an effort to apply the actual Wiki policy.

And as I noted [User_talk:Edcolins#Kinsella|here]:

 * Understandable, and advice well taken and appreciated. But I am a justice seeker. I really don't care as much if my entry is deleted or not, as for whether I fight to vindicate my unfair treatment (as I perceive it). Here I was, many moon ago, minding my own damn business, and someone tells me I have a Wiki entry. Interesting. Then someone says it's up for delete. What do I care. I really don't give a damn. But some jerk says it's non-notable (okay by me--I didn't konw Wiki policies on this at the time anyway); and vanity. Implying I did it, as self-promotion. This pissed me off. I rebutted the latter charge and did not even mention the notable charge. Later, many months later, someone tells me he has initiated VfD for Palmer's site. Now this was right after the Wiki entries of some CLEARLY notable friends of mine were vandalized--Hans-Hermann Hoppe, Lew Rockwell with ridiculous charges of racism etc., of the same type made by Palmer. So I figure, let's take a look at his entry. I did so, and in the ensuing VfD debate, realize there are actual policies on this; I studied them and thought, "son of a bitch. I qualify. By their own policies. These wikinerds should not have deleted me. And to top it off, the same one who voted to delete me is voting to keep Palmer. Something ain't right." So, instead of dishonestly putting up my entry anonymously or through a meatpuppet, I did it myself, nothing hidden. And instead of rolling over and playing dead as I did last time, I decided this time, I will make noise and make sure that if I have anything ot say about it, the voters will be made aware of the policies. That is all. If a fair evaluation of my site and aplication of the policies leads to a good faith vote to delete my entry, I don't care. But what do I see? Peopel who vote to keep Palmer up on the grounds that he is openly gay, or has a large number of publications, or has 13000 google hits, voting to delete me, even though I have similar criteria. It makes it seem arbitrary to me. So can you blame me for monitoring this a little bit, and being a bit frustrated at the seemingly arbitrary actions of some people? Nom.

Norman (N.) Stephan Kinsella (born 1965) is an American intellectual property lawyer and libertarian legal theorist.

Biography
Born in Prairieville, Louisiana, he attended Louisiana State University where he earned Master of Science (MS) and Bachelor of Science (BS) degrees in electrical engineering, and a Juris Doctor (JD) from the Paul M. Hebert Law Center ; and obtained an LL.M. at the University of London, where he attended King's College London and the London School of Economics.

A practicing lawyer and former adjunct professor of law at South Texas College of Law, Kinsella is actively involved with libertarian legal and political theory, and is adjunct sholar of the Mises Institute.

Legal publications include books and articles about patent law, contract law, e-commerce law, international law and other topics.

Kinsella has also published and lectured on a variety of libertarian topics, often combining libertarian and legal analysis. Kinsella's views on contract theory, causation and the law, intellectual property, and rights theory (in particular his estoppel theory) are his main contributions to libertarian theory.

In contract theory, he extends Murray Rothbard's and Williamson Evers's  "title transfer" theory of contract, linking it with inalienabiltiy theory while also clarifying that theory ("A Libertarian Theory of Contract: Binding Promises, Title Transfer, and Inalienability" ). Kinsella sets forth a theory of causation that attempts to explain why remote actors can be liable under libertarian theory ("Causation and Aggression" ). Kinsella, as a practicing intellectual property attorney, also gives non-utilitarian arguments for intellectual property being incompatible with libertarian property rights principles ("Against Intellectual Property" ). Kinsella advances a "discourse ethics" argument for the justification of individual rights, using an extension of the concept of estoppel (A Libertarian Theory of Punishment and Rights).

title: User:Nskinsella


text:
Talk:Dog Logan

Fair use rationale for Image:Dog slash.jpg
Image:Dog slash.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 05:19, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Original research
All the interview says on Sabretooth and Dog is the following.

Interviewer: I tend to wonder if Dog becomes Sabretooth.

Jenkins: Who knows? In my mind, Dog is not intended to be Sabretooth, but he could be. It doesn’t matter. As long as the next writer respects the character and writes a simple story, anything could happen.

That's it. There's nothing about lots of fans thinking he's Sabretooth, there's certainly nothing about an affair between Dog's mother and James's mother, and there's nothing about a comparison between the two characters' physical builds.--CyberGhostface (talk) 15:38, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Also, pointing out that other characters had secondary mutations to explain the scars on Dog's face and the lack of them on Sabretooth's when there is no source to bring up that fact is also Synthesis of published material serving to advance a position.--CyberGhostface (talk) 15:42, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I wouldn't have thought it OR to simply note that it is one possible theory. It seems to be a mildly popular one, and wasn't denied by Jenkins. The image is perhaps more dubious, but surely serves "to illustrate [that section of] the article," so... maybe... ntnon (talk) 03:14, 18 May 2008 (UTC)

 * When I wrote that comment, I was referring to this version of the article. The current one is after I trimmed it to fit just what the source said. Anyway, this is discussed more in detail on Sabretooth's talk page.--CyberGhostface (talk) 03:28, 18 May 2008 (UTC)

Are Dog and James half brothers in the movie or full brothers? They have the same Dad and mom right? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.139.1.68 (talk) 14:17, 4 May 2009 (UTC)

Apparently in the movie credits appears Dog, so perhaps saying Sabertooth is Dog is okay. [] Habanero-tan (talk) 17:52, 5 May 2009 (UTC)
 * At least as far as the film goes. A comic has recently been put out that basically puts an end to the possibility of Dog and Sabretooth ever being the same person within the realm of the comic. Here's a link to a summary of it.  It's a one shot issue and, as far as I've been able to determine, it's part of Earth-616 continuity.Odin's Beard (talk) 18:00, 5 May 2009 (UTC)

Mutant?
Does Dog have superhuman endurance, speed, and strength. I think he demonstrated all of it in his fight against Jimmy/Logan in Origin. Is it confined by Paul Jenkins? (JoeLoeb (talk) 04:31, 9 May 2009 (UTC))

 * To the best of my knowledge it's never stated anywhere that Dog is a mutant. Adding that term based on the fight sequence is not a good idea since it is basically a reader's interpretation. - J Greb (talk) 12:28, 9 May 2009 (UTC)

Return
At the end of the miniseries Astonishing Spider-Man & Wolverine, Dog is shown to surface in the current timeline. Shouldn't it be added to the bio?

title: Talk:Dog Logan


text:
Talk:List of Major League Baseball progressive career hits leaders

Well done
this is very very cool! i commend you on the time it took to do this! my only question is, why do you have those date headings mixed in there? i think it is easier to read without the breaks. Kingturtle 05:12, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks very much! Without the year headers, the page gets quite massive, so I split the top two sections off as templates. It will be easier to edit this way, and increasing size shouldn't be a problem. If you know of a better way to handle this, I'd be glad to hear it. MisfitToys 22:35, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)

Statistical sources and accuracy
The note near the top of the page says:

 * This chart uses the hit totals which are officially recognized by Major League Baseball, as maintained and provided by the Elias Sports Bureau; they are derived from the annual official league statistics, even when those totals have been proven by later research to be in error. ... In fact, they are also not the same as the historical totals displayed on MLB's official website. ... Furthermore, this table accurately represents what observers of each era believed to be true.

First of all, that statement seems contradictory. Is this suggesting that MLB does not recognize the totals on its own web site as "official"? Additionally, I don't see why we should care what "observers of each era believed to be true". Most authoritative sources now recognize that many of the old statistics were erroneous. As an example - Cap Anson's career hit total is given in the table as 3081. However, most reliable sources (MLB.com, Baseball Reference, Stats Inc., Pete Palmer's encyclopedia, ESPN, etc.) now recognize Anson as having 2995 hits (or 3418 including 423 in the National Association). Likewise, Ty Cobb's career total is now widely recognized as 4189, not 4191. These are just two prominent examples. I don't see any reason to continue to perpetuate the old mistakes; the fact that something was once "believed to be true" at the time is irrelevant (the Earth was once widely believed to be flat...). Wikipedia should strive to be as accurate as possible at the present time. There is no point whatsoever in being intentionally inaccurate. Dsreyn 17:29, 13 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Re: "Is this suggesting that MLB does not recognize the totals on its own web site as 'official'?" Yup, that's exactly what it means; the official, complete stats – which are maintained by the Elias Sports Bureau – are generally only made available for a fee. (Those with access to historical books and magazines have an advantage in this regard.) Note the difference between the officially recognized statistics for Cap Anson at the Hall of Fame site (3081 hits) and the MLB site's listing of his stats  (note that the MLB site includes his 1871-75 NA stats, giving a total of 3418 hits, but even if those are discounted the total is 2995). Of course, the point here is that while historians recognize the official statistics to be erroneous, MLB's official position is that once they're made official at the end of the year, the statistics are "true" regardless of any evidence later discovered to disprove their accuracy. (This was the entire reason why MLB stopped recognizing the Macmillan Baseball Encyclopedia as their official encyclopedia sometime around 1990; Macmillan was striving for historical accuracy, and was revising the stats as new research came in, and MLB was furious when they found out.) Sportswriter Jerome Holtzman, MLB's official historian, wrote some articles explaining MLB's position. Thus, if John Smith was listed as having 172 hits in 1885, but it is later discovered that this resulted from mistakenly counting a 3-hit game twice, he still counts as having made 172 hits even though he really only had 169. One difficulty for Wikipedia, of course, is that if we don't list the officially recognized numbers, we're put in the position of trying to choose between five or six differing views. For an article about an individual, it's fairly easy to describe the situation and note the varying totals, but in a chart of this nature I believed it was more appriopriate to choose one source and explain the rationale. At some point I plan on starting an article specifically focusing on the background of the entire situation. MisfitToys 21:27, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

 * You have the same problem if you go with the so-called "official" statistics. As pointed out in The Numbers Game (Alan Schwarz), there are multiple flavors of "official".  For example:
 * Macmillan, 7th edition (1988) carries the subtitle "The complete and official record of major league baseball". Anson is listed with 3041 hits.
 * The 2006 Complete Baseball Record & Fact Book (The Sporting News) is indicated as "officially licensed". Anson is listed with 3012 hits.

 * Rich Levin, a spokesman for the Commissioner's Office, even admits that "there's no official record book".

 * I certainly agree that you need to pick one source, but I think you should try to pick an accurate source, rather than one that is known to be riddled with inaccuracies. Additionally, you alluded to the fact that Elias does't provide statistics for free; this makes it harder to verify the information (which raises another question - where exactly are you getting the statistics?).  So why not pick a more up to date, accepted, authoritative source (the 2006 edition of Palmer's encyclopedia would be one good choice), rather than going with something known to have serious problems?  I don't think the records once "believed to be true" are of much interest (the Earth was once widely believed to be flat...). Dsreyn 00:09, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Another point - the general trend on Wikipedia is to use accurate records (such as Baseball-reference.com, etc.), rather than "official" records. For example, List of Major League Baseball batting champions shows the 1910 AL batting champion as Nap Lajoie, not Ty Cobb as recognized at the time.  As you may know, since 1910 it has been discovered that Cobb was incorrectly credited with two extra hits.  To be consistent, Cobb's career hit total should be shown as 4189, not 4191 as listed in this table. Dsreyn 13:50, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

 * 1) Macmillan, as of 1988, was still designated as the official record; however, this was before MLB officials realized that Macmillan's editors had been revising the official stats on their own, without MLB approval - the cause of MLB withdrawing the designation.
 * 2) The Sporting News volume, while officially "licensed", does not necessarily include the official records.
 * 3) True, there's no official record book or book of official statistics (perhaps for any of the major sports). There probably hasn't been since the designation was stripped from Macmillan - although Total Baseball was designated as baseball's official encyclopedia, replacing Macmillan, I don't believe the statistics therein were ever recognized as official; in any event, both volumes ceased publication several years ago.
 * 4) It would certainly be ideal to pick the most accurate source, but there is no agreement as to which source that is. Palmer's volume isn't universally accepted; as I noted, there are about a half dozen different versions used by ESPN, The Sporting News, CNN/SI, Baseball-Reference, etc. Choosing Palmer as our "official" source would no doubt irritate those who side with other sources, and would raise the question of why the baseball-reference links are included when they differ from what we regard as official. I was probably the contributor who started adding the baseball-reference links to player pages as a standard practice a couple of years ago, but primarily because their player pages included more material (awards, league leaders, player comparisons) than other stat sites – not because I believed their version was more accurate than the others. Ultimately, it's likely that all the sources have some inaccuracies. My own personal preference is for the Macmillan version, which is the one currently recognized by ESPN.
 * 5) As to your question of "where exactly are you getting the statistics?", I got them from the Spalding Official Base Ball Guide (beginning 1876) and the Reach Official Base Ball Guide (beginning 1883), which annually published the official stats of the NL and AA/AL respectively; these are the stats used by Elias and recognized by MLB. The books are available at the Hall of Fame library, as well as the Amateur Athletic Foundation library in Los Angeles (which I frequent), but are hard to find elsewhere. Believe me, it took weeks to compile the data for the chart.
 * 6) You suggest that "to be consistent, Cobb's career hit total should be shown as 4189, not 4191 as listed in this table"; obviously, this would fly in the face of the fact that MLB adamantly insists that Cobb's record was 4191 (for one thing, they're not about to state that they recognized Pete Rose as breaking the record on the wrong day).
 * Lots of answers to lots of questions; I realize this is a difficult topic, and that whatever choices are selected are going to be rejected/disputed by many readers and contributors. MisfitToys 19:58, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

Mistakes
There seem to be mistakes in this list. Try and compare it to List of Major League Baseball players with 2000 hits. There are several differences, even in the top 10! Please fix! Happy138 21:42, 9 August 2007 (UTC)
 * The top 10 for which year? As noted in the intro, this list is based on the officially recognized totals, which can be hard to track down. The other list suggests that it uses Baseball-Reference and the official MLB site as sources. Honus Wagner's career total, for instance, is widely debated, though is officially recognized total is 3430 (see his Hall of Fame page), although both Baseball-Reference and the MLB site list him with 3415. (I know it's difficult to comprehend that the MLB site doesn't actually display its officially recognized stats.) Total Baseball lists him with 3420, as does The Sporting News Official MLB Record Book. MisfitToys 22:07, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Major League Baseball which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 13:50, 7 May 2024 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Amitriptyline

Breastfeeding contradiction in article
In the opening paragraph of the article it states " Use during breastfeeding does not appear to be a problem.[9]"

However under Contraindications section, it also includes breastfeeding, which means it shouldn't be prescribed while breastfeeding.

What's the deal with that? Both sources check out, 9 is Drugs.com and 4 is Medicines.org.uk but they contradict each other. Shouldn't it at least be mentioned in the article that there is differing information on breastfeeding while on Endep? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 106.69.150.110 (talk) 17:36, 28 June 2015 (UTC)

Pharmacological failure
Under the subheading: Pharmacogenetics

I have not heard this term before, 'pharmacological failure', and even searching the Googs was not helpful.

Maybe a better description, or link to an explanatory Wikipedia entry, or external link, would be useful.

AndrooUK (talk) 10:21, 26 October 2015 (UTC)

Log P
There is two values mentioned in the literature for log P of amitriptyline, 4.92 and 5.04, both citing to the same reference: Hansch C, Leo A, Hoekman D. 1995. Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, electronic and steric constants. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. If someone has access to this book, please check which value is the correct one.--Tanevala (talk) 09:46, 2 February 2017 (UTC)

Text
I am not seeing amitriptyline called the "gold standard".

The 2018 review did not conclude "Another meta-analysis from 2018 found Amitriptyline to be the most effective drug in a comparison of 21 antidepressants."

So reverted Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 21:04, 9 December 2018 (UTC)

 * Sorry, my mistake. I mixed up the references. Now corrected. See p.134. — Preceding unsigned comment added by MorlocksAndEloi (talk • contribs) 22:02, 9 December 2018 (UTC)

Withdrawal aka discontinuation syndrom missing
Amitriptyline has a strong potential to result in discontinuation syndroms. Not noted in the article — Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.45.12.244 (talk) 16:04, 29 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Are there reliable medical sources (WP:MEDRS) to support this claim? -- Ed (Edgar181) 17:55, 29 December 2018 (UTC)

Clarity - for non-medical professionals
Hi

I wanted to know what it does, chemically. I have studied A level biology.

"Amitriptyline inhibits neuronal reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline from the synapse in the central nervous system; this increases their availability in the synapse to cause neurotransmission on the post synaptic neurone."

That is the most unexplaining explanation I have come across in a long time.

 * "the synapse in the central nervous system" - which one? Does this mean "a synapse"?

 * "in the synapse" - the same one again?

 * "to cause neurotransmission on the post synaptic neurone" - where is this then?

Is "the" synapse the only one it works on? Should it be "a synapse" and "that synapse"?

I was going to wikify it, as that would at least allow one to read an explanation of what the "post synaptic neurone", and "neuronal uptake" was.

"Amitriptyline inhibits neuronal reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline across the synapse (node) of a neuron in the central nervous system, preventing the neuron sending the 'message' from re-absorbing the chemical signals it has made in the node; this increased availability in the synapse gives more chance to cause neurotransmission on the post synaptic neuron, the one receiving and relaying the message."

Any good? Chaosdruid (talk) 17:41, 16 August 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Amitriptyline