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Snowtown murders

The Snowtown murders (also known as the bodies in barrels murders) were a series of murders committed by John Justin Bunting, Robert Joe Wagner, and James Spyridon Vlassakis between August 1992 and May 1999, in and around Adelaide, South Australia. A fourth person, Mark Haydon, was convicted of helping to dispose of the bodies. The trial was one of the longest and most publicised in Australian legal history.

Most of the bodies were found in barrels in an abandoned bank vault in Snowtown, South Australia, hence the names given in the press for the murders. Only one of the victims was killed in Snowtown itself, which is approximately 140 km north of Adelaide, and neither the twelve victims nor the three perpetrators were from the town. Although the motivation for the murders is unclear, the killers were led by Bunting to believe that the victims were pedophiles, homosexuals, or "weak". In the case of some victims, the murders were preceded by torture, and efforts were made to appropriate victims' identities, social security payments and bank accounts.

Although initially the notoriety of the murders led to a short-term economic boost from tourists visiting Snowtown, it created a stigma, with authorities considering a change of the town's name and identity. The case has been chronicled in numerous books as well as a film adaptation released in 2011 to critical acclaim.

Perpetrators
Several individuals were involved in the murders. John Bunting, Robert Wagner, and Mark Haydon were all charged with the killings; additionally, James Vlassakis pleaded guilty to four murders and provided testimony in exchange for a lesser sentence. There were several other persons who had acted as accomplices in the murders or in the disposal of the bodies:
 * John Justin Bunting (born 4 September 1966, in Inala, Queensland) was found to be the leader of the perpetrators. When he was 8 years old, Bunting was beaten and sexually assaulted by a friend's older brother.  He is reported to have "enjoyed weaponry, photography and anatomy," and grew to develop a strong hatred of pedophiles and homosexuals.  At age 22, Bunting worked at an abattoir and reportedly "bragged about slaughtering the animals, saying that's what he enjoyed the most".  Bunting moved to a house in Salisbury North, South Australia in 1991 and befriended his neighbours Mark Haydon and Robert Wagner.
 * Robert Joe Wagner (born 28 November 1971, in Parramatta, New South Wales) was befriended by Bunting in 1991. Bunting encouraged Wagner to assist in the various murders.
 * James "Jamie" Spyridon Vlassakis (born 24 December 1979), along with his mother and half-brother, lived with Bunting and was gradually drawn into helping with the murders. Vlassakis, 23, helped torture and kill his own half-brother, Troy Youde, and his stepbrother, David Johnson. He confessed in 2001 to four murders, including Johnson's, and became a key witness for the Crown.  The detail he provided, supported by other evidence, helped convict Bunting and Wagner.  Vlassakis was sentenced in 2002 to a minimum of 26 years and was held in isolation in an unidentified South Australia prison. Elizabeth Harvey, Vlassakis' mother, also knew about the murders, and with Bunting's encouragement, assisted in one of them.  Once Bunting, Wagner, Vlassakis, and Haydon were taken into custody, she died from cancer.
 * Mark Ray Haydon (born 4 December 1958), an associate of Bunting, was initially the subject of "suppression orders or statutory provisions prohibiting publication" and could not therefore be identified as anything other than an alleged perpetrator. In January 1999, he reportedly rented the abandoned state bank building at Snowtown. A jury deadlocked on the murders of Haydon's wife, Elizabeth Haydon, and of Troy Youde. The murder charges were not retried when Haydon pleaded guilty to helping the serial killers dispose of the bodies of Elizabeth and Youde. Jodie Elliott, the sister of Haydon's wife, Elizabeth, was a woman with below-average intelligence who had become besotted with Bunting.  To receive her social security income, she pretended to be Suzanne Allen, a deceased former acquaintance of Bunting's. Frederick Brooks, Elliott's son, was later killed by the group.

Murders
The victims were chosen at random by Bunting for imagined infractions; some victims were murdered as Bunting suspected them of being a pedophile, based on flimsy evidence or rumour. Others were killed due to his dislike of obese people, drug users, or because they were homosexual. Most of the victims were friends or acquaintances of at least one member of Bunting's group. Some were family members, occasionally sharing a residence with one of the murderers. Some were befriended for a short time and pulled into the group as easy targets for Bunting.

Kevin Howells, a forensic psychiatrist at Broadmoor Hospital in the United Kingdom, believed that Bunting's behaviour suggested he lacked emotion and the capacity to empathise with his victims. It showed that Bunting was a psychopathic killer who derived satisfaction from controlling his victims. Bunting's victims were forced to call Bunting; 'God', 'Master', 'Chief Inspector' and 'Lord Sir'. During the murders, Bunting had fashioned a "rock spider wall" on a wall of a spare room in his house. The chart, created using paper notes and wool, was an interconnected web of names of people Bunting alone suspected to be pedophiles or homosexuals. Bunting would select a name from the wall then call and threaten the person, insinuating they were pedophiles and "would get what's coming to them".

The victims' social security and bank details were often obtained so the murderers, or their associates, could impersonate the victims after their deaths and continue to collect their pensions. Although a total of $97,200 was collected in this way, it is not believed that social security fraud was the main motive for the murders. The final murder of David Johnson was conducted in a Snowtown bank building after the barrels which contained the majority of the victim's remains had been moved there for storage.

Victims

 * Clinton Douglas Trezise, 20, was bashed to death with a shovel in Bunting's living room in Salisbury, South Australia after being invited inside for a social visit on 31 August 1992. John accused Clinton of being a pedophile and referred to him in conversations after his murder as "Happy Pants". Clinton was found buried two years after his murder in a shallow grave on 16 August 1994, at Lower Light, South Australia. In 1997, Trezise was the subject of two episodes of the Australian television show Australia's Most Wanted. Bunting watched an episode of the show with Vlassakis and his mother and boasted, "That's my handiwork" and revealed to Vlassakis that he had murdered Trezise while living at Waterloo Corner Road in Salisbury, and that he disposed of Trezise's body in Lower Light with Wagner and Lane's assistance.
 * Ray Allan Peter Davies, 26, was an intellectually disabled man that in 1993 had a sexual relationship with Suzanne Allen, Bunting's ex-girlfriend. As Suzanne's grandsons alleged that Davies had made sexual approaches towards them, the relationship came to an end. However, they remained friends, and just before he vanished, Davies was residing in a caravan that was parked behind Suzanne's house. On 26 December 1995, Allen's daughter, Annette Cannon, observed Bunting and Allen cleaning out Davies' caravan. Bunting later admitted to Vlassakis that he had killed Davies on 25 December 1995. He recounted how Vlassakis's own mother and Bunting's wife, Elizabeth Harvey, had stabbed Davies in the leg, just before their mutual friend, Robert Wagner, strangled the man to unconsciousness with jumper cables. In court testimony, Vlassakis stated that, according to Bunting's story, Bunting and Wagner loaded Davies’ unconscious body into the boot of a Holden Torana. They drove ninety minutes to a residence in the town of Bakara, South Australia. They then tossed Davies into a bathtub, and proceeded to bash him in the genitals with the end of a pole which resulted in his death. On 26 May 1999, the body of Davies was found in a grave filled in by Bunting and Wagner with bricks, soil and concrete on property previously occupied by Bunting in Salisbury, South Australia. Security cameras caught Bunting accessing Davies' account at multiple banks on several occasions between January and April 1999.
 * Suzanne Allen, 47, was found buried at Bunting's house at Salisbury North on 23 May 1999, wrapped in eleven different plastic bags. Her death was concealed by Bunting and he continued to collect her pension, claiming a total of $17,000. Bunting claimed she had died of a heart attack although law enforcement suspect that she was murdered when her relationship with Bunting deteriorated. Murder charges regarding the death of Allen were eventually dropped by the prosecution due to lack of evidence and the perpetrators were tried but not found guilty as a result of a hung jury; her case was never tried again.
 * Michelle Gardiner (a.k.a Michael Gardiner), 19, was a transgender Australian woman who lived in the residence of Nicole Zuritta, a cousin of Wagner's wife. Gardiner presented as female and Bunting referred to her as “the biggest homo”. Shortly before her disappearance in September 1997, Gardiner was playing with Wagner's children in her front yard. Gardiner grabbed one of the children and placed her hand over the child's mouth. Wagner saw the incident and became infuriated. Bunting and Wagner took Gardiner to Murray Bridge, South Australia where they strangled her in a shed, forcing her to stand up each time she collapsed. Wagner and Bunting then staged a robbery at Gardiner's home, stealing some of Zuritta's belongings and convincing her that Gardiner had stolen them in order to pay for a sex change operation. Gardiner's body was kept in a barrel in the shed until it was moved to the Snowtown bank vault before it was found on 20 May 1999. Her right ear was covered by a slip knot in a rope that was wrapped around her neck. Her left foot had been cut off so the drum's lid could be shut.
 * Vanessa Lane (f.k.a Barry Lane), 42, was Wagners ex-partner. Lane was in a relationship with Wagner at the time Bunting first moved to Salisbury North and met them in 1991. Bunting had accepted Lane into his circle of friends because Lane kept him informed of the activities of local pedophiles. After Lane was accused of molesting a local boy, Lane and Wagner's Bingham Road house was firebombed and Wagner left Lane. Trevilyan, with whom Lane had a relationship, moved in with Lane in April 1997. According to Lane, the killing of Tresize left her traumatised. She told her mother and Bunting's ex-girlfriend about the incident, and when they questioned Bunting about Lane's statements, he confirmed they were accurate. Trevilyan also told Bunting that Lane had been sexually abusing him. On 17 October 1997, Bunting, Wagner and Trevilyan picked up Lane and on orders from Bunting, Lane called and verbally abused her mother, who could hear Trevilyan in the background prompting her with what to say. After telling her mother she was moving to Queensland and wanted nothing further to do with her, she hung up. They tortured Lane for information about her bank accounts, crushing her toe with pliers. Lane was then strangled to death. Bunting assumed control of Lane's vehicle and claimed her welfare payments. On 20 May 1999, Lane's dismembered body was found by police in a barrel in the bank vault in Snowtown, along with the body of Gardiner.
 * Thomas Eugenio Trevilyan, Lane's last partner, 18, suffered from paranoid schizophrenia which led him to believe that he was a soldier, so he always wore army fatigues. From April to October 1997, Trevilyan lived with Lane for a total of five months; he helped Bunting and Wagner kill her. On 4 November 1997, Wagner's girlfriend's son was playing with a dog when Trevilyan began chasing it in an attempt to kill the animal with his knife; he was stopped but that afternoon Bunting told others that Trevilyan had started to "go mental" and that he would be a liability to them. Trevilyan was then driven on 5 November to Kersbrook in the Adelaide Hills by Bunting and Wagner. He was made to lean against a box and had a noose put over his neck. Trevilyan was discovered hanging from a tree in Humbug Scrub the following day. Given his history of prior suicide attempts, the coroner determined Trevilyan had killed himself.
 * Gavin Allan Porter, Vlassakis's friend, 29, was a diagnosed schizophrenic who had spent many years in mental institutions. Following the death of his mother he moved to Adelaide from Victoria, Australia in 1997 where he met Vlassakis and moved in with him. Both Vlassakis and Porter were heroin addicts. After Bunting, Elizabeth Harvey and her children, including Vlassakis, moved to Murray Bridge, South Australia in late 1997, Porter also moved with them. Bunting referred to Porter, as a "waste" who no longer deserved to live. Bunting was pricked by a used syringe Porter had left on the couch in his living room, and decided he should be the next victim. Porter was sleeping in his parked automobile on Bunting's property when Bunting and Wagner attacked him. When Porter awoke, he managed to stab Bunting in the hand with a screwdriver before being overpowered and strangled. Porter's body was displayed to Vlassakis before being put in a barrel for disposal. Porter's body was found on 20 May 1999.
 * Troy Youde, 21, was the half-brother of Vlassakis. Vlassakis had earlier confided in Bunting that Youde had sexually abused him when he was aged 13. Bunting and Wagner woke Vlassakis while he was sleeping in his bed and told him they were going to kill Youde. They beat Youde while he was asleep in bed and then Vlassakis handcuffed him while the others tied him up. Then they dragged Youde out of bed and forced him into the bathroom, where they beat him once more and demanded his financial information. Bunting used pliers to crush Youde's toes as he coaxed him to repeat a string of numbers, words, and sentences that he had recorded. Youde was killed by being strangled. Bunting created messages from Youde and afterwards from subsequent victims to inform friends that they would be going away using the recordings. His body was found on 20 May 1999.
 * Frederick "Fred" Robert Brooks, 18, was the son of Jodie Elliott who was the sister of Haydon's wife. Elliot had moved to South Australia in late 1997 to be near her sister. Bunting became obsessed with the notion that Brooks was "touching up" young girls and repeatedly told others that something had to "happen" to him. In September 1998, Brooks was notified that he had been accepted into the Australian Air Force Cadets and was invited to join Bunting, Wagner and Vlassakis at a party. Vlassakis, Wagner and Bunting tortured Brooks in a bath tub and as with previous victims, he was handcuffed and thumbcuffed. They inserted lit cigarettes into his ears and his nostrils, and a lit sparkler was shoved up into his urethra. He was then made to speak into a recording device, divulging his banking information. A syringe was used to inject bleach into his testicles, which were wired to a Variac, sending electrical impulses through his body. His toes were crushed by a pliers before he choked to death on his gag. Brooks’ body was found in a barrel in the Snowtown bank on 20 May 1999.
 * Gary O'Dwyer, 29, was a neighbor of Bunting's and was both mentally and physically disabled. Bunting repeatedly called O’Dwyer a “fag.” Bunting enlisted Vlassakis' assistance in October 1998 to learn pertinent details regarding O'Dwyer's financial situation and whether he had any family. O'Dwyer's income from disability benefits was regarded as a financial target. At the insistence of Bunting, Vlassakis arranged with O’Dwyer for “a couple of friends” (Bunting, Wagner and Vlassakis) to have a drink with O’Dwyer in Frances Street, Murray Bridge, South Australia. Bunting set out to get O’Dwyer drunk and after approximately fifteen to twenty minutes, Wagner grabbed O’Dwyer around the throat and proceeded to torture O’Dwyer for several hours. O'Dwyer's body was taken to Haydons' home where it was placed in a barrel. On 20 May 1999, O'Dwyer's body was found in the Snowtown bank vault.
 * Elizabeth Haydon, 37, was Mark Haydon's wife and Frederick Brooks's aunt. Bunting was informed by Haydon that he had informed his wife about the murders. Bunting detested Elizabeth and warned Vlassakis that she was an issue because she was aware of the killings. Wagner had similar feelings about Elizabeth, considering Haydon's wife to be “a whore” and “a low-life.” On 21 November 1998, Bunting and Wagner arrived at her residence. Her husband and children had gone out for the night. Elizabeth was dragged to her bathroom, tortured, then killed. A rope was left around her neck, and a gag had been taped into her mouth. Purportedly, later that day, when her husband was shown her remains, he laughed. Elizabeth's body was placed in a barrel. On 20 May 1999, Haydon's body was found in the Snowtown bank vault.
 * David Johnson, 24, was Vlassakis's stepbrother. Bunting did not like Johnson because he was fastidious with his cleanliness and appearance and Bunting frequently referred to him as a "yuppie" and a "faggot". Bunting began talking about "getting" Johnson and suggested that Vlassakis find a way to get him to the bank in Snowtown. On 9 May 1999, Vlassakis told Johnson that there was a computer for sale cheap in Snowtown and he agreed to go with Vlassakis to buy it. He was overpowered as soon as he entered the building. Johnson was the only victim who died in Snowtown and his body was found on 20 May 1999. A piece of flesh from Johnson was fried and eaten by Bunting and Wagner.

Investigation
Initially, the body of Clinton Trezise was found at Lower Light in 1994, although no connection to Bunting was made at this time. Similarly, the death of Thomas Trevilyan in 1997 was initially treated as a suicide. It was police inquiries into Elizabeth Haydon's disappearance which eventually led them to Snowtown, and on 20 May 1999, the remains of eight victims were found by the South Australian Police in six plastic barrels in a disused bank vault. For this reason, the murders were dubbed the "bodies in barrels murders".

It is believed that the bodies had been held in several locations in South Australia before being moved to Snowtown in 1999. Prosecutors believe that the killers moved the bodies after they became aware of the ongoing police investigation. Two more bodies were found buried in the backyard of Bunting's house in Adelaide. Police later arrested and charged Bunting, Wagner and Mark Haydon on 21 May 1999, for the murders. Vlassakis was arrested later, on 26 May 1999. At the time of the arrest, Vlassakis lived in Bunting's home.

Trials and verdicts
The trial of Bunting and Wagner lasted almost twelve months, the longest in the history of South Australia. In December 2003, Bunting was convicted of committing eleven murders, and Wagner of ten murders, of which he had confessed to only three. Vlassakis pleaded guilty to four of the murders. In 2004, Haydon was convicted on five counts of assisting with the murders of which he admitted to two. The jury did not come to a decision on two murder charges against Haydon, and another charge of assisting murder, at which the senior prosecutor, Wendy Abraham, indicated that she would seek a retrial on those charges. The final count against Bunting and Wagner—that of murdering Suzanne Allen—was dropped on 7 May 2007, when a jury had been unable to reach a verdict.

Justice Brian Ross Martin determined that Bunting was the ringleader, and sentenced him to 11 consecutive terms of life imprisonment without the possibility of release on parole. Wagner was sentenced to 10 consecutive terms under the same conditions, and at his sentencing, he stated from the dock: "Pedophiles were doing terrible things to children. The authorities didn't do anything about it. I decided to take action. I took that action. Thank you." Vlassakis was sentenced to four consecutive life sentences with a non-parole period of 26 years and Haydon was sentenced to 25 years with non-parole period of 18 years. More than 250 suppression orders prevented publication of the details of this case. In early 2011, a judge lifted the remaining orders in response to a request by the producers of the film Snowtown, a dramatisation depicting the murders and the events leading up to them.

In February 2024, Mark Haydon was granted parole, with authorities citing his "excellent" behaviour in prison. He was released in April and is residing at the Adelaide Pre-Release Centre in Northfield as part of the conditions for his parole.

Aftermath
The notoriety of the murders led to a short-term economic boost from tourists visiting Snowtown, but created a lasting stigma. The Age reported in 2011 that Snowtown would be "forever stigmatised" due to its association with the murders. Shortly after the discovery of the bodies in Snowtown, the community discussed changing the name to "Rosetown", but no further actions were taken. , one shop in Snowtown was selling souvenirs of the murders "cashing in on Snowtown's unfortunate notoriety".

The house in Salisbury North where Bunting lived and buried two bodies was demolished by its owner, the South Australian Housing Trust. The other place in Murray Bridge has been sold. The bank, with a four-bedroom attached house, was placed on auction in February 2012 but only reached half its reserve price of $200,000. After holding an open house which raised $700 for charity through charging an entrance fee, the property sold later that year on 27 September for just over $185,000 with the new owners intending to live in the house while running a business from the bank. A plaque will be installed to commemorate the victims.

Since the Snowtown murders, the small farming town has become a grim destination for tourists seeking to explore the dark stories associated with the crimes. The region, still a quaint farming town, has become a landmark associated with the twelve murders committed in the 1990s. Tourists that come through Snowtown are often there because of the murders, and may ignore other problems facing the town. As the true crime industry has become increasingly popular, Snowtown has become increasingly well known. Ultimately, the increased attention on Snowtown, as a result of the Snowtown murders, creates additional pressure on the community. With a decline in economic opportunities, the population of Snowtown has been left with continued trauma and social stigma.

Film
Snowtown, also known as The Snowtown Murders, a feature film based upon the murders, was released in Australia on 19 May 2011.

Television

 * Crimes That Shook Australia – Series 3 Episode 01: "Snowtown: The Bodies in the Barrels Murders" – 18 February 2018.
 * Crime Investigation Australia – Series 1 Episode 09: "Snowtown: Bodies in the Barrels" – 2005.

Music
Australian comedian Eddie Perfect wrote a demo song for "Snowtown the Musical" intended to be screened at the 2011 Inside Film Awards that he was hosting. The song was not broadcast.

Jason Whalley and Lindsay McDougall of punk band Frenzal Rhomb formed a short lived acoustic band named Self Righteous Brothers, releasing an album in 2005 containing the song 'There's No Town Like Snowtown'.

Books
Books detailing the crimes include:
 * Marshall, Debi: Killing for Pleasure: The Definitive Story of the Snowtown Serial Murders, ISBN 1-7405-1248-0
 * Mitchell, Susan: All Things Bright and Beautiful: Murder in the City of Light, ISBN 1-4050-3610-9
 * McGarry, Andrew: Snowtown Murders: The Real Story Behind the Bodies in the Barrels Killings, ISBN 0-7333-1482-1
 * Pudney, Jeremy: Snowtown: The Bodies in Barrels Murders: The Grisly Story of Australia's Worst Serial Killings, ISBN 0-7322-6716-1
 * Cawthorne, Nigel: The Mammoth Book of New CSI: 31 New Real-Life Crime Scene Investigations, ISBN 1-7803-3534-2

Documentaries

 * City of Evil – Series 1 Episode 02 – 16 September 2018.

Podcasts

 * Casefile True Crime Podcast – "Case 19: Snowtown" – 14 May 2016.
 * The Last Podcast on the Left - Episode 570: The SnowTown Murders Part I - The Salisbury Mistakes - April 20th 2024.
 * The Last Podcast on the Left - Episode 571: The SnowTown Murders Part II - Selling the Drama - April 27th 2024.
 * The Last Podcast on the Left - Episode 572: The SnowTown Murders Part III - The Three Amigos - May 11th 2024.

title: Snowtown murders


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Elementary mathematics

Elementary mathematics, also known as primary or secondary school mathematics, is the study of mathematics topics that are commonly taught at the primary or secondary school levels around the world. It includes a wide range of mathematical concepts and skills, including number sense, algebra, geometry, measurement, and data analysis. These concepts and skills form the foundation for more advanced mathematical study and are essential for success in many fields and everyday life. The study of elementary mathematics is a crucial part of a student's education and lays the foundation for future academic and career success.

Number sense and numeration
Number Sense is an understanding of numbers and operations. In the 'Number Sense and Numeration' strand students develop an understanding of numbers by being taught various ways of representing numbers, as well as the relationships among numbers.

Properties of the natural numbers such as divisibility and the distribution of prime numbers, are studied in basic number theory, another part of elementary mathematics.

Elementary Focus:

 * Abacus
 * LCM and GCD
 * Fractions and Decimals
 * Place Value & Face Value
 * Addition and Subtraction
 * Multiplication and Division
 * Counting
 * Counting Money
 * Algebra
 * Representing and ordering numbers
 * Estimating
 * Approximating
 * Problem Solving

Spatial sense
'Measurement skills and concepts' or 'Spatial Sense' are directly related to the world in which students live. Many of the concepts that students are taught in this strand are also used in other subjects such as science, social studies, and physical education In the measurement strand students learn about the measurable attributes of objects,in addition to the basic metric system.

Elementary Focus:

 * Standard and non-standard units of measurement
 * telling time using 12 hour clock and 24 hour clock
 * comparing objects using measurable attributes
 * measuring height, length, width
 * centimetres and metres
 * mass and capacity
 * temperature change
 * days, months, weeks, years
 * distances using kilometres
 * measuring kilograms and litres
 * determining area and perimeter
 * determining grams and millilitre
 * determining measurements using shapes such as a triangular prism

The measurement strand consists of multiple forms of measurement, as Marian Small states: "Measurement is the process of assigning a qualitative or quantitative description of size to an object based on a particular attribute."

Equations and formulas
A formula is an entity constructed using the symbols and formation rules of a given logical language. For example, determining the volume of a sphere requires a significant amount of integral calculus or its geometrical analogue, the method of exhaustion; but, having done this once in terms of some parameter (the radius for example), mathematicians have produced a formula to describe the volume.

An equation is a formula of the form A = B, where A and B are expressions that may contain one or several variables called unknowns, and "=" denotes the equality binary relation. Although written in the form of proposition, an equation is not a statement that is either true or false, but a problem consisting of finding the values, called solutions, that, when substituted for the unknowns, yield equal values of the expressions A and B. For example, 2 is the unique solution of the equation x + 2 = 4, in which the unknown is x.

Data
Data is a set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables; restated, pieces of data are individual pieces of information. Data in computing (or data processing) is represented in a structure that is often tabular (represented by rows and columns), a tree (a set of nodes with parent-children relationship), or a graph (a set of connected nodes). Data is typically the result of measurements and can be visualized using graphs or images.

Data as an abstract concept can be viewed as the lowest level of abstraction, from which information and then knowledge are derived.

Basic two-dimensional geometry
Two-dimensional geometry is a branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, and relative position of two-dimensional figures. Basic topics in elementary mathematics include polygons, circles, perimeter and areas.

A polygon is a shape that is bounded by a finite chain of straight line segments closing in a loop to form a closed chain or circuit. These segments are called its edges or sides, and the points where two edges meet are the polygon's vertices (singular: vertex) or corners. The interior of the polygon is sometimes called its body. An n-gon is a polygon with n sides. A polygon is a 2-dimensional example of the more general polytope in any number of dimensions.

A circle is a simple shape of two-dimensional geometry that is the set of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the center.The distance between any of the points and the center is called the radius. It can also be defined as the locus of a point equidistant from a fixed point.

A perimeter is a path that surrounds a two-dimensional shape. The term may be used either for the path or its length - it can be thought of as the length of the outline of a shape. The perimeter of a circle or ellipse is called its circumference.

Area is the quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional figure or shape. There are several well-known formulas for the areas of simple shapes such as triangles, rectangles, and circles.

Proportions
Two quantities are proportional if a change in one is always accompanied by a change in the other, and if the changes are always related by use of a constant multiplier. The constant is called the coefficient of proportionality or proportionality constant.

 * If one quantity is always the product of the other and a constant, the two are said to be directly proportional. x and y are directly proportional if the ratio $$\tfrac yx$$ is constant.
 * If the product of the two quantities is always equal to a constant, the two are said to be inversely proportional. x and y are inversely proportional if the product $$xy$$ is constant.

Analytic geometry
Analytic geometry is the study of geometry using a coordinate system. This contrasts with synthetic geometry.

Usually the Cartesian coordinate system is applied to manipulate equations for planes, straight lines, and squares, often in two and sometimes in three dimensions. Geometrically, one studies the Euclidean plane (2 dimensions) and Euclidean space (3 dimensions). As taught in school books, analytic geometry can be explained more simply: it is concerned with defining and representing geometrical shapes in a numerical way and extracting numerical information from shapes' numerical definitions and representations.

Transformations are ways of shifting and scaling functions using different algebraic formulas.

Negative numbers
A negative number is a real number that is less than zero. Such numbers are often used to represent the amount of a loss or absence. For example, a debt that is owed may be thought of as a negative asset, or a decrease in some quantity may be thought of as a negative increase. Negative numbers are used to describe values on a scale that goes below zero, such as the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales for temperature.

Exponents and radicals
Exponentiation is a mathematical operation, written as bn, involving two numbers, the base b and the exponent (or power) n. When n is a natural number (i.e., a positive integer), exponentiation corresponds to repeated multiplication of the base: that is, bn is the product of multiplying n bases:

 * $$b^n = \underbrace{b \times \cdots \times b}_n$$

Roots are the opposite of exponents. The nth root of a number x (written $$\sqrt[n]{x}$$) is a number r which when raised to the power n yields x. That is,
 * $$\sqrt[n]{x} = r \iff r^n =  x,$$

where n is the degree of the root. A root of degree 2 is called a square root and a root of degree 3, a cube root. Roots of higher degree are referred to by using ordinal numbers, as in fourth root, twentieth root, etc.

For example:
 * 2 is a square root of 4, since 22 = 4.
 * −2 is also a square root of 4, since (−2)2 = 4.

Compass-and-straightedge
Compass-and-straightedge, also known as ruler-and-compass construction, is the construction of lengths, angles, and other geometric figures using only an idealized ruler and compass.

The idealized ruler, known as a straightedge, is assumed to be infinite in length, and has no markings on it and only one edge. The compass is assumed to collapse when lifted from the page, so may not be directly used to transfer distances. (This is an unimportant restriction since, using a multi-step procedure, a distance can be transferred even with a collapsing compass, see compass equivalence theorem.) More formally, the only permissible constructions are those granted by the first three postulates of Euclid.

Congruence and similarity
Two figures or objects are congruent if they have the same shape and size, or if one has the same shape and size as the mirror image of the other. More formally, two sets of points are called congruent if, and only if, one can be transformed into the other by an isometry, i.e., a combination of rigid motions, namely a translation, a rotation, and a reflection. This means that either object can be repositioned and reflected (but not resized) so as to coincide precisely with the other object. So two distinct plane figures on a piece of paper are congruent if we can cut them out and then match them up completely. Turning the paper over is permitted.

Two geometrical objects are called similar if they both have the same shape, or one has the same shape as the mirror image of the other. More precisely, one can be obtained from the other by uniformly scaling (enlarging or shrinking), possibly with additional translation, rotation and reflection. This means that either object can be rescaled, repositioned, and reflected, so as to coincide precisely with the other object. If two objects are similar, each is congruent to the result of a uniform scaling of the other.

Three-dimensional geometry
Solid geometry was the traditional name for the geometry of three-dimensional Euclidean space. Stereometry deals with the measurements of volumes of various solid figures (three-dimensional figures) including pyramids, cylinders, cones, truncated cones, spheres, and prisms.

Rational numbers
Rational number is any number that can be expressed as the quotient or fraction p/q of two integers, with the denominator q not equal to zero. Since q may be equal to 1, every integer is a rational number. The set of all rational numbers is usually denoted by a boldface Q (or blackboard bold $$\mathbb{Q}$$).

Patterns, relations and functions
A pattern is a discernible regularity in the world or in a manmade design. As such, the elements of a pattern repeat in a predictable manner. A geometric pattern is a kind of pattern formed of geometric shapes and typically repeating like aa allpaper.

A relation on a set A is a collection of ordered pairs of elements of A. In other words, it is a subset of the Cartesian product A2 = A × A. Common relations include divisibility between two numbers and inequalities.

A function is a relation between a set of inputs and a set of permissible outputs with the property that each input is related to exactly one output. An example is the function that relates each real number x to its square x2. The output of a function f corresponding to an input x is denoted by f(x) (read "f of x"). In this example, if the input is −3, then the output is 9, and we may write f(−3) = 9. The input variable(s) are sometimes referred to as the argument(s) of the function.

Slopes and trigonometry
The slope of a line is a number that describes both the direction and the steepness of the line. Slope is often denoted by the letter m.

Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that studies relationships involving lengths and angles of triangles. The field emerged during the 3rd century BC from applications of geometry to astronomical studies.

United States
In the United States, there has been considerable concern about the low level of elementary mathematics skills on the part of many students, as compared to students in other developed countries. The No Child Left Behind program was one attempt to address this deficiency, requiring that all American students be tested in elementary mathematics.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Elementary mathematics


text:
Talk:Rowland's Castle

Untitled
Ok, somebody mind explaining to me how a stage of the Tour de France passes through a small town in SE England, or is somebody just being funny? --Jonathan Christensen 15:37, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I actually live in the village, and can conclusively say the Tour de France does not routinely go through Rowlands Castle. It was actually only 1994 when this happened (the busiest the place has ever been). I guess someone should change the page to reflect this...

I've now had a meddle with the page to reflect the above, and also added a few points of my own. This is my first edit on wikipedia so let me know if I've done anything wrong! --81.134.175.188 00:16, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

Rework October 2018
Following some content removals that I have at least temporarily re-instated I will be re-working the article and attempting in good faith to ensure remaining potentially contentious information is cited. I will also attempt to align to WP:WikiProject UK geography/How to write about settlements to the best of my ability. You are welcome to participation, but please tag any statements that may be an issue rather than removing them reduring the refactor. Thankyou. Djm-leighpark (talk) 01:34, 15 October 2018 (UTC)

I plan to work this by creating some sections from the How to write about settlements and move content there in the first instance. This may look a little unbalanced and weird while it is in progress as content might not always fit 100% with heading. When that is complete I will start to explore individual content and determine with citing/referencing what can be salvaged, what needs to be altered, what needs to be moved again and quite possibly the odd fresh addition. Thats the plan. Djm-leighpark (talk) 10:12, 15 October 2018 (UTC)

 * I consider the uncited reference to the appearance of the hardware store in the series 10 Apprentice to be too vague to remain in the article. It is therefore removed.  to be re-introduced at a minimum I feel it will need to have a precise citation and some increase in context and content, and that may still end up being considered a trivial mention.  If re-introduced use of a Filmography section per VILLAGES is suggested.Djm-leighpark (talk) 20:34, 15 October 2018 (UTC)

 * For the Buster Crabb to remain (Whichers Gate - Staunton Arms) it needs some citation relatively quickly ... ideally within a month. The content seems credible however may simply be based on local hearsay.  I hope to find out ... its left in the main space with health warnings in case someone finds something out.Djm-leighpark (talk) 21:00, 15 October 2018 (UTC)

Reasonably happy anything contentious is cited or tagged and structure generally stable so removing top templates. Tagged stuff needs revisiting in a month or two. There actually loads that could be added from the attached references and I'd advise checking WP:UKVILLAGES for the appropriate headings ... A Culture and community is definitely needed! Djm-leighpark (talk) 21:42, 15 October 2018 (UTC)

Stained Glass Windows
I am about to remove the external link for stained glass windows because while it seems to apply to St. John Baptist CofE church the page itself show signs of distress and I could not reproduce from a search on the website or a recovery from Wayback. I have given the Wayback URL here but actually this could be anychurch.Djm-leighpark (talk) 14:39, 15 October 2018 (UTC)
 * The correct page is here.  Daemonickangaroo2018 (talk) 06:46, 20 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks ... I've used it as a cite and by adding a little content. ✅

title: Talk:Rowland's Castle


text:
Talk:Burkhard Heim

Untitled
The first talk page of this article has been archived verbatim at Talk:Burkhard Heim/Archive1. It was 112 kilobytes in length, and contained discussions dating from November 2004 to April 2005. The purpose of this header is to summarize as briefly as possible the content of the talk page. It is also intended to be an overview for the casual Wikipedian "passing by". There is also an abbreviated version of the first talk page at Talk:Burkhard Heim/Archive1Modified. However, the content of this page is significantly edited - hence if the necessity arises to refer to the first archived talk pages, this one should be used as the authoritative resource. This is because that page in particular, has not been edited. The modified version of the old talk page is intended to be used as a quick, general reference for content and information, and not a reference for the thought processes and discussion which occured on this page. The intention is that the effort placed in editing the old talk page could result in some material which could be incorporated into the existing Burkhard Heim article.

physicist and NOT physician, folks!! --

The primary participants in alphabetical order during this period were
 * User:Hdeasy (also posting as User:195.93.60.11 and with the nickname hughey), User:Pjacobi, User:Steuard, and User:WpZurp.

The minor participants in alphabetial order during this period were
 * User:192.171.3.126, User:HappyCamper, User:Lifefeed, and User:Mikkalai.

Please feel free to add to this list and modify it as appropriate. Endeavour to maintain neutrality and generality in the terms, as its purpose is to provide a summary for the archived talk page. Hence, precision is not necessarily a primary concern here; the list should not be considered comprehensive as a large number of topics were covered.

The topics discussed included:
 * 1) Proper licensing of Heim's image in the article
 * 2) Validity of an article on Heim
 * This included discussions regarding:
 * Notability of Heim and his work
 * Whether the article qualifies as containing original research
 * The encyclopedic value of an article on Heim
 * 1) How to achieve a neutral and balanced point of view
 * This included discussions regarding:
 * The perceived bias in the initial article
 * Requests for article cleanup
 * Notability of Heim's work
 * How to classify or label Heim
 * 1) Value of Heim's works
 * This included discussions regarding:
 * Heim's work in relation to the context of modern theoretical physics
 * Perceived inconsistencies and contradictions to current theories and experiments
 * The neutral electron
 * The 6, 8, dimensional spaces
 * The fine structure constant
 * The mass formula
 * "Metron theory"
 * The cosmological constant and the quantity "E"
 * How to express experimental precision for Heim's work
 * Academic notability and relevance
 * Peer reviewed articles
 * Difficulties in following Heim's theory
 * Associations of Heim with less academically oriented spheres of thought
 * External sites for Heim and their relevance and notability

The consensus reached on multiple issues on the archived talk page in no particular order is that
 * 1) The articles on Heim should make explicit and clear that Heim's work needs to undergo more peer reviewing (several peer reviewed papers have now been published - including a prize-winning one on aerospace applications) and rigorous analysis before it can be taken more seriously in the scientific community
 * 2) Split the article into Heim Theory and Burkhard Heim, where the former will focus on his theories, while the latter will be primarily biographical.
 * 3) * The biographical article should have thorough references to his academic and personal history;
 * 4) Avoidance of derogatory terminology is prefered especially in contexts where other alternatives are available to convey the same idea.
 * 5) Heim's physical condition influenced his decisions regarding his publications, either by choice, necessity, or both - this should also be made explicit and clear.
 * 6) There is some reservation and skepticism towards Heim's work which is difficult to mitigate

Unresolved issues include
 * 1) The issue about "E" and whether it renders a paper related to Heim's work inconsistent or not. Consensus was to move on to another topic. Was recently discussed again on April 19, 2005.

 * (Also, many issues above under "Perceived inconsistencies and contradictions..." should probably be considered unresolved.)

Archiving
I decided to be "WikiBold" and archived the old talk page; I added the header at the top which I hope is satisfactory. It might be better to move the header into the talk page afterwards. I also added a "reorganizing" tag for the old talk page. I'm hoping to preserve all of the original talk material and also create a new summarized version of the old talk page. It will be clearly marked as a "refactored" version. Guidelines from Refactoring talk pages. HappyCamper 15:49, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The "E" question
Recent posts were made at the first archived talk page under subsection Final comments on "E". HappyCamper 15:59, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Going ahead
A recent post was made in the old talk page about a recent paper published in the AIAA.

As new papers were mentioned here before, let me announce a forthcoming article in New Scientist, Jan 7th 2006 issue, on Heim theory and propulsion - largely based on above AIAA prize-winning paper. If it does not appear, then I will be rather surprised - that should only happen if some urgent discovery pushes the article back to a later issue. --hughey 15:43, 19 December 2005 (UTC) Hee hee hee! That new scientist article has attracted lots of attention - largely positive. Heim's theory is widely seen as a marvellous development. So, all the negative nay sayers here who even sought the erradication of the page, are being shown the error of their ways. Web searches for Burkhard Heim now get many more hits than ever before. And with more scientific papers on the basics theory in the offing, and a mass formula applet being suggested, it seems that Heim is indeed to take the world by storm, as was once facetiously suggested here.--hughey 18:09, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I'll certainly grant you that the recent publicity for Heim makes articles on him and his ideas worth having on Wikipedia. But I don't for a moment concede that Heim's theory is correct or even well-defined, and I think that both articles here should make that clear.  My own hope regarding this new surge in publicity is that a few noted theoretical physicists will look at the theory and make clear statements about it.  I've already seen one, by Sean Carrol at the University of Chicago:
 * "Just so nobody gets too excited — this paper is complete nonsense, not worth spending a minute’s time on. If I find the energy I might post on it, but this is no better than the other hundred crackpot preprints I get in the mail every year."
 * As I've said before, I really don't understand why aerospace engineers would feel themselves competent to judge a highly technical paper in particle physics and quantum gravity (or why their judgement of it carries particular weight with anyone else). I certainly wouldn't trust myself to certify the reliability of an airplane design, particularly not one claiming to be based on a revolutionary (and untested) new concept in the industry!--Steuard 20:28, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I think this perhaps highlights the differences in the ways engineers and physicists think about a problem. The AIAA, in awarding the paper about Heim's work, is awarding the logic of the methodology for use of the "drive system", not reviewing the physics underlying such a drive. I'd prefer to read an abstract or the entire paper before I make that statement with any certainty, but that's my best understanding based upon discussions with several of my professors in the aerospace engineering department at my university. --ABQCat 21:34, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Interesting. I've got to admit that I don't understand that approach at all.  If I submitted a paper to the AIAA explaining in detail how to build a Star Trek style transporter with the help of the "Pyramid Jesus Unified Field Equation", would I win the next prize?  (I've actually seen a booklet that used that term, incidentally.)  Perhaps some engineers are so accustomed to simply applying and refining the principles supplied to them by physicists that they've fallen out of the habit of even wondering whether their underlying assumptions are correct.--Steuard 04:09, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Steuard, do you ever plan to contribute to the article, or are you strictly restricting your edits to just this talk page? --HappyCamper 04:21, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Before dismissing Heim’s initial and extended theories, one should note that the very significant distinction between him and other crackpots was the amount of respect he had commanded from such great theoretical physicists as Pascual Jordan and Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker (von Ludwiger, 2001). A true quantum leap in genius can be very difficult to bridge. Tcisco 15:33, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

Translated text
Hi. HappyCamper has asked me to translate a text in French which could contain information on Heim that could be useful in this article. I see that there are issues of neutrality going on, not to mention that, simply adding to the article the direct translation of a text found at this website may constitute a copyright violation. In light of all of that, I'm posting here my translation of the text, so that the people who are more involved with the article can decide how to best use it. For the original, please visit the indicated website.

Redux's translation:

"Northeim, Hannover.

A German physiciSTS of international fame, his works were translated by physiciSTS with the Sandia Lab, in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

He worked under difficult conditions. Both his hands were amputated following a lab accident during World War II. He also suffered from advanced deafness as well as being almost completely blind. He had to undergo more than 50 surgeries in order to recover some part of his basic abilities. He taught and work as a deaf, blind man. Through the years, with the help of his wife, who served as his secretary, and equipped with a special gadget, he had the texts read to him and memorized them. He enjoyed a prodigious memory and became a “human computer”, recording in his brain formulas and knowledge, categorizing thousands of pieces of information while being capable of imagining and creating.

He believed that it was possible to both increase or annul gravity. On January 7, 1969, at the Institute for the study of force fields of Nordheim, near Goettingue, in the region of Basse Saxe, he stunned his colleagues by demonstrating in practice that it was possible to create artificially a gravitation field, transforming light into magnetism.

Ten years earlier, he had already demonstrated, in theory, the possibility of transforming an electric field into a gravitation field and vice-versa. At the time his theory of the uniformity of the quanta of the force fields of gravitation and matter, which, in addition to describing physics and the biosphere, also disserted on psychology and the spiritual domain, was a sensation in the scientific world and made way for numerous publications that spanned from serious analyses to the phantoms of science fiction. His theory is one-of-a-kind in modern physics because it allows, among other things,  to calculate exactly the masses of all particles as well as the most important constants. His theory of fields deducts the existence of a hyperspace, a sixth dimension and has relevant consequences to cosmology, both technologically and metaphysically. The Second Congress on his theory was held in 1998. Heim imagined devices in which photons lost their luminosity, that is to say, their energy. They become invisible as the luminescent energy is transformed into gravitational energy which exercises magnetic force. The savant inspired himself in air chambers to build an extremely sensitive detector that allows to register even the weakest pulses of gravitation. This invention can be considered as the future corner stone of space propulsion and evokes an analogy between terrestrial science and extraterrestrial technology. According to Burkhard Heim, discovery through cognition is common to all the sentient systems in the Universe, for they possess a common source. So, for religious reasons, he discontinued voluntarily his studies on cosmogenesis  and evolutional phenomena." END OF TEXT  There are many technical terms in the text.  I did my best to word it as accurately as possible, but some review may be necessary as far as the technical stuff is concerned.  Regards, Redux 01:07, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi Redux, your translation will help us assess what material can be added to the article. Thank you very much! HappyCamper 01:26, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

This translation is quite interesting, as it mentions some references which I don't think have been discussed previously on this page. For example, what might "On January 7, 1969, at the Institute for the study of force fields of Nordheim..." refer to? HappyCamper 01:26, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

 * You are quite welcome. About the Institute, they didn't give the name of the place, but rather discribed its scope and where it is located.  It could be that it is the "Institute for the study of force fields of Nordheim", maybe that's the actual name of the place.  Perhaps someone knows about that...   I didn't, so I stuck to what the text read.  Redux 01:48, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, after my latest biographical additons to yhe article, it should be clear that the "Institute for the study of force fields" is the "Institut fuer Kraftfeldphysik e.V.", from which a colleague embezzled funds, increasing Heim's distrust and secrecy. Nordheim was where Heim lived with his wife, so he must have registered the firm with HQ at his house. However, looking again at the 'Nachruf', there's a photo of Heim in front of his 'Kontrabator', which is presumably in the lab in his home in Nordheim. This is from 'Bunte' in 1957.

--hughey 10:59, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

This is not a biography!
Folks, this is no way to write a bibliograpgy. A section title "Posthumous results" in a biography is ridiculous. Please move all the non-biographical stuff to Heim theory. --Pjacobi 10:34, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Why not make the change yourself and see how it works out? We can always revert if it turns out that it's more difficult to incorporate it into Heim theory :-) --HappyCamper 12:24, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I was thinking of an operation using a scalpell by one of the regular contributors to this page, e.g. you. But if you can live with an operation by axe, I can give it a try. --Pjacobi 17:21, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Heh, interesting metaphors! Well, just go right ahead and as always, feel free to do so. I'd much rather see more active participation on these pages anyway. If you move large chunks of text around, I'd probably just edit the text in their new locations so they fit in nicely with the rest of the context in which it's placed. I'm comfortable with this approach for articles like this, as I think its a pretty productive and positive type of editing. Just remember to leave edit summaries and notes on talk pages! :-) --HappyCamper 18:33, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Corrective readjustments to the chronology are needed and a few historical milestones are missing from the 1940's to 1950's subsection of the Academic and work history segment. Tcisco 14:44, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

"Outlier"
Hdeasy, your math is bogus. If the experimental value has 7 or more valid decimal places and the theoretical value differ in in the first seven places, either the the theoretical value has less than 7 valid decimal places or is in disagreement with the experimental value. In neither case it is correct to say, that it has 7 places of accuracy. --Pjacobi 10:56, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * We have gone over this a number of times already. Why don't you make a change to the article which you think would be suitable instead? --HappyCamper 12:27, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Please provide two (one can always be seen as tuning) mass predictions which match current experimental values in seven digits. Can you? Then I'll humbly apologize to interfere with your editing. --Pjacobi 15:55, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Hey, it's a Wiki - anything can be changed so no need for any potential apologies :-) I was suggesting that if you think the quoted number is only accurate to say, only one or two digits, then you could change the number so that it reflects this. I'm not sure how this should best be done. I don't mind how the numbers are presented so much myself, but it might be worth mentioning that other sites consider the results more accurate than that those presented here. Right now, I've sort of drifted off to collecting some other relevant papers. I might add some of these as references to the article later. The response from the German archives are rather slow. --HappyCamper 16:27, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Somewhat agree. The current formulation as a result of my edits is self-contradictory. But to judge between "agreement withing error bars of the theoretical calculation" and "according to the newest experimental results, in disagreement by X stddevs", we need to have more information on the theoretical error bars. --Pjacobi 17:19, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Just saw all this. Is this not against the Wikipedia policy against insulting behaviour to say my math is 'bogus'?: It was not I who put in the original figure of 7. I had intended altering to a more realistic figure. What the original user of this figure probably meant was 7 significant figures. Leaving this unjustified insult aside, I must say it shows poverty of spirit on your part, Pjacobi, to essentialy ignore the AIAA prize - as someone who lives in north Germany you should be impressed by Uni Braunschweig's praise of Hauser. Another link in this regard: http://www.braunschweig.ihk.de/innovation_umwelt/innovationsberatung/?viewMeldung=meldung_1115878075.4.

--hughey 08:29, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Statements of fact are exempt from WP:NPA. Whoever inserted the "7 decimal places" claim should elaborate or we should better delete this claim. --Pjacobi 10:03, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh dear. Why don't we try this?
 * Get rid of the "7 decimal places" claim, but print the numbers verbatim.
 * Let's take a page, say, and put the results online in a table as they are depicted in the document verbatim
 * Then, we mention something like "the results in this table are from" this source. We avoid attempting to interpret the numbers, and simply state something like, "in 19XX calculations were done with Heim theory and we got this". Period.
 * We won't mention anything about X number of decimal places of accuracy. The fact is, this is the only source I know of which has these numbers calculated and none of us are in any better position to say whether the published numbers are "good" or "bad". So, as a neutral encyclopedic article, we won't comment on how these numbers look. We'll just say, "X said it was this number".
 * Does this sound reasonable to everyone? I'm well aware of the shortcomings of the published results, but the reality is, any interpretation we give of the numbers will necessarily be an interpretation, and at the moment, it's probably best to avoid that.

 * Well on a side note, I disagree that statement of facts are exempt from WP:NPA. I think people can choose to refrain from using the word "bogus", and instead chose an alternative which is less of an intensifier. Let's just move on from that and focus on how to add these numbers to the article in a balanced way, good? --HappyCamper 12:35, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I apoligize for using the word "bogus". Your proposal is fine with me. --Pjacobi 12:55, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

Plagiarism
I removed:

 * , e.g., Anderson and Ahner (see for a related paper by these authors with a higher dimensional theory reminiscent of Heim's)

Without some evidence that Heim did suspect A&A, this seems inappropriate. And higher-dim theories are pretty common. William M. Connolley 19:42, 8 February 2006 (UTC).

No references by Hawking?
Why is there nothing about these theories in Stephen Hawkings books ? After all, that's what he's working on.. unified theory

 * Burkhard Heim's work is not an accepted part of mainstream physics. As I recall, Hawking's books deal primarily with established physics (such as general relativity) and to a limited extent with mainstream efforts at unification (he mentions string theory, for example).--Steuard 23:10, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Illobrand Von Ludwiger told me that Hawking had been approached and asked to look through Heim's work, but he had refused as the 3 volumes are in German, which he does not understand sufficiently well. That's where Hauser and Dröscher are improving on the situation - they are prepared to publish in English. Already they've 'taken the world by storm' with their AIAA papers and the New Scientist publicity. Next year will see peer reviewed papers with more technical backround that given in the aerospace presentations. And don't poo-poo that please - the enemies of Heim-theory must eat humble pie for a while after their humiliating defeat in the attempts to delete the theory page :-) . --hughey 16:19, 15 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I believe I've read this too. Stick to the Facts 04:55, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

Thank you for the citation corrections. I have never had a course in German. Subsequently, I have had to rely on Babel Fish to translate text from German to English. Tcisco 03:12, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

Tesla did it
Burkhard heim has been in the news recently concerning the idea of a hyper engine that would use electromagnetic fields to affect gravity. http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/mg18925331.200-take-a-leap-into-hyperspace.html

I wanted to point out that this had already been accomplished by one nikola tesla: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla#Theoretical_inventions

Unfortunately information concerning his "flying machine" seems to have been removed.

I was wondering if any one out there would be so kind as to post information relative to the work of Nikola Tesla on electromagnetism and gravity, along with that of Burkard Heim. There’s so little information!

If not, would it at least be possible to provide a link on one another’s articles?

WikiWorm —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 82.35.26.22 (talk) 16:05, 26 April 2007 (UTC).

Unsourced hype
This article has a lot of unsourced statements and hype. Statements like "Fortuitously in the same year, Walter Dröscher, a theorist at the Vienna Patent Office, began to work with Heim. The first result of their collaboration cumulated into the second volume of Heim's major work, appearing in 1984. It is almost error-free, in contrast to the first volume which was not reviewed to this extent" ring my alarm bells. In what way is it "fortuitous"? Who has declared the work "almost error free"?

Geoffrey.landis 20:47, 15 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Most of the biographical statements on Heim come from von Ludwiger, although this could also be from Andreas Resch, Heim's publisher. "Error-free" refers mainly to the correct reproduction of equations. Resch stressed what a difficult task it was to publish Heim since Heim himself was blind, his mathematics advanced and he had also developed a terminology of his own. I believe i read the latter quote somewhere in an article by Resch but can't find the passage now. I did find an article where Resch talks about the problems of publishing Heim, though. Mbechmann (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 06:58, 18 August 2015 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Heim51.gif
Image:Heim51.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 22:36, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Near ubiquitous unverifiable information
I would note that the section on 'Academic and work history' does not cite even a single reference for the entire period prior to Heim's death. HrafnTalkStalk(P) 06:54, 8 February 2009 (UTC)
 * HrafnTalkStalk(P) overlooked the paragraphs carrying the American Psychological Association stylized citations. To avert an edit-war, footnotes have been added and all citations have been converted to footnotes.Tcisco (talk) 07:46, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

 * User Tcisco overlooked the fact that they didn't raise this point until 8 days later. The APA refs are easy to overlook, and covered only a minority of the tagged material. HrafnTalkStalk(P) 10:20, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

Reliability of main source
Can an article published on the website of the 'Society for the Scientific Investigation of Anomalous Atmospheric and Radar Phenomena MUFON-CES, Inc.' be considered a WP:RS? It looks a very WP:FRINGE source. HrafnTalkStalk(P) 07:40, 12 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes it can be considered a WP:RS. For example, the committee funded by Rockefeller and chaired by Peter Sturrock and formed from  mainstream scientific community recognized and incorporated papers from MUFON-CES with the analyses of anomalous airial phenomena (see Peter A. Sturrock (Study Director)(1999).  The UFO Enigma.  New York, NY: Warner Books, Inc.  ISBN 0-446-67709-4).Tcisco (talk) 18:56, 12 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I remain skeptical. I will refer this to WP:RS/N. HrafnTalkStalk(P) 03:59, 13 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I will note that the article appears to be an obituary from a student of Heim's; in conjunction with some of the other notes on this page of unsourced or dubious-sounding information, I worry that the obituary is not an objective assessment of Heim's life or work. Phlaximus (talk) 19:18, 22 January 2023 (UTC)

I am not a physicist, but can something be "shown not to exist", as the article claims? Perhaps this should be changed to "not shown to exist"? --109.66.22.219 (talk) 19:18, 13 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Something can be shown not to exist if falsifiable claims are made about its existence. i.e that it is detectable within a specific energy range. IRWolfie- (talk) 16:34, 8 January 2012 (UTC)

No link to Hermann Weyl
The article claims According to Weyl, a brief description of Heim’s lecture was recorded in the proceedings of the Society for Space Research, where the word Weyl links to Herrmann Weyl, a well known mathematician and theoretical pysicist. As source for that a link to two paper given is given. The author of the paper is "A. R. Weyl". Herrman Weyls full name was "Hermann Klaus Hugo Weyl". Herrmann Weyl died 1955, the mentioned paper were published in 1958 respectively 1959. So the source of that claim is certainly not the established Hermann Weyl but another Weyl (probably a german aircraft engineer). --78.54.148.0 (talk) 10:02, 10 April 2015 (UTC)

 * A. R. Weyl was a very prominent German aircraft engineer. His book, Guided Misssiles was a compilation of articles he had published in the British magazine The Aeroplane.  Many physicists were directed away from general relativity to elementary particle physics during the 1920s through the early 1950s.  Aviation and rocketry experts reported on the gravity control propulsion research of the 1950s and sixties.  For example, in January 1959, the Convair Division of General Dynamics, San Diego, had W. R. Eichler translate A. R. Weyl's "Knowledge and Possibilities of Gravity Research" that had been published in Weltraumfahrt; Zeitschrift für Raketentechnik, Vol. 9, pp. 100-106 in December 1958.  John Archibald Wheeler was completing his last year as a consultant to Convair at that time. Tcisco (talk) 06:56, 26 June 2015 (UTC)

 * A. R. Weyls contribution to theoretical physics might be of (limited?) historical interest, but he's certainly not a well known scientific expert or has a reputation for his original work on that topic. There was a hype at that time to "try your self" on a theory of gravity, which produced a lot of paper without any impact. So let A. R. Weyl be the aircraft engineer. As a proof to Heims reputation among theoretical physicists he is not much good. --80.171.229.220 (talk) 21:29, 31 August 2015 (UTC)

Claimed assasination
Von Ludwiger claims  Dem Attentäter, der die Sauerstofflasche absichtlich mit Öl verunreinigt hatte, konnte Heim verzeihen, so dass dieser sein Leben behielt. (The assassin, who intentionally conatminated the oxigen bottle with oil could be forgiven by Heim, so that he could keep his life). No further details (Name, motivation, trial, ...) are given. Sounds impropable to me. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.54.148.0 (talk) 22:07, 10 April 2015 (UTC)
 * It's not really improbable by itself, although i think the term "terrorist" (in the article) is misleading. Heim worked on explosives in the broader context of the german war effort, so it might have been an act of sabotage. However, in the biography of von Ludwiger on Heim, published in 2010, this detail is missing. In there, it is not described as an oxygen bottle but rather as a special explosive which was accidentally contaminated in production. I haven't read the whole book yet but checked the chapters concerning the time from the incident until around 1947 and there's no mentioning of assassination/sabotage, so it looks to me like vL stepped back from his claim. I would suggest considering taking this detail out. --Mbechmann (talk) 07:08, 18 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Von Ludwiger obviously contradicts himself. There is no evidence of stepping back. Taking into account, that that event was a dramatic turn in Heims life and that von Ludwiger is the Heim-biograph this leaves some questions open. Either von Ludwigers credabilty is damaged (and thereby one of the most important and quoted sources to Heims life) or Heims biography is missing an important part. Both consequences are not trivial to the article about Heim. So taking that simply out and sweep it under the carpet seems not appropriate to me, esp. since Heims work is in in general between controversional and rejected among physicists — if not ignored. --80.171.229.220 (talk) 21:29, 31 August 2015 (UTC)

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Excessive Information in Academic History
It seems to me that there's a lot more information about Heim's publication history / anecdote about conversation with famous theoretical physicists than there ought to be in this article. Though Heim appears to have published extensively with regards to his theories, most of the publications were not in peer-reviewed journals. The anecdotes about his interactions with people like Heisenberg and Von Braun look just a bit like an effort to legitimize Heim's work by putting him in contact with prominent physicists. Given that Heim Theory's unification is not accepted by modern physics, and hyperspace flight remains in science fiction, I propose moving Heim's publications to a list of works at the end of the page, and severely curtailing the biographical section to include only the most salient points. Phlaximus (talk) 19:12, 22 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Agree. Since genius is not contagious, his contacts to famous physicists are not relevant, and neither are his non-peer-review publications. --Hob Gadling (talk) 12:33, 24 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Burkhard Heim


text:
Laura Canales

Laura Canales (August 19, 1954 – April 16, 2005) was an American Tejano musician and an original inductee in the Tejano Roots Hall of Fame. Canales was born in Kingsville, Texas.

Early years
Laura Canales was raised in Kingsville, Texas. She attended Henrietta M. King High School in Kingsville. After graduation, her father, Perfecto, encouraged her to continue her pursuit of a tejano music career. She made her recording debut in 1973 with Los Unicos while simultaneously singing with renowned Texas conjunto and norteño group Conjunto Bernal.

In the mid-1970s, Canales was a founding member of tejano band Snowball & Company, which also went by the name, Felicidad. The band released several full-length albums and singles under both group names on San Antonio label, Fireball Records, including a cover of the song Midnight Blue, the first regional hit of Canales' career. Snowball choose the recording engineer & producer Paul Westbrook since he was recording and producing most of the hits in the Tejano music scene in those early days. Members included Laura Canales (lead vocals), Oscar Soliz (keyboards, accordion, bass, harmonica), Miro Valdez (guitar, vocals), Juan Rodriguez (bass, vocals, accordion), and Balde Muñoz (drums, percussion). The band was managed by Oscar Muñoz.

Success
In 1981, Canales married drummer Balde Muñoz and formed the group Laura Canales & Encanto. After signing with Freddie Records, the group enjoyed enormous success. The group's single, Sí Viví Contigo, was their first major hit. In 1983, Texas Governor Mark White honored her with the Yellow Rose of Texas Award, the state's highest honor for artists. From 1983 to 1986, Canales won both best female entertainer and female vocalist honors at the Tejano Music Awards, a record that stood until Selena broke it in the 1990s. In 1987, Canales did a cover of José José's Te Quiero Asi with Mazz's Joe Lopez which appeared on the band's album Beyond.

In 1989, Canales and Balde Muñoz divorced. Canales subsequently quit Encanto and went into semi-retirement. She did manage a comeback during a surge in international popularity of Tejano music during the early 1990s and made appearances with the tejano band, Los Fabulosos Cuatro. As a solo artist, this comeback yielded several well-known hits, including Cuatro Caminos, Dame La Mano, and Dile a Tu Esposa.

Later years
Eventually, Laura Canales began preparing for life beyond Tejano music. Remembering a promise to her mother, she enrolled in classes at Texas A&M University-Kingsville. Canales graduated with Bachelor's degrees in Psychology and Speech Therapy in 1997. Shortly thereafter, Canales began taking graduate classes at Texas A&M University-Kingsville, working toward a Master's degree in Communication Science Disorders. During her breaks from university coursework, Canales began yet another comeback by participating with the Leyendas y Raices Tour which included fellow Tejano performers Carlos Guzman, Augustin Ramirez, Sunny Ozuna, Freddie Martinez, Mario Montes, and Grupo Sierra. In 2000, Canales became part of the first class of inductees to the Tejano Roots Hall of Fame.

Illness and death
It was while attending graduate school that Laura Canales first began experiencing problems with her gall bladder. After undergoing routine gall bladder surgery, Canales developed a case of pneumonia and died suddenly on April 16, 2005.

title: Laura Canales


text:
Russkiy Razmer

Russkiy Razmer (Русский Размер, lit. Russian Size) is a Russian electronic dance band from Saint Petersburg.

Origins
Russkiy Razmer was formed between 1991 and 1993 by Dmitry Kopotilov and Viktor Bondaryuk, two school friends originally from Kustanay, Kazakh SSR who moved to Saint Petersburg during the late 1980s independently of each other. Kopotilov was a small-business owner and Bondaryuk sold souvenirs. By that time both had played in different music bands. When Kopotilov met Bondaryuk in 1990, he suggested two songs for a new project. They started performing in rave clubs, and in 1992 they recorded several songs that later became part of their debut album: The Star Is Melting Above the Town, I'm Calling You Joy, Batman (Yu-A-Yu). Their first big concert took place in the Yubileyny Sports Palace in 1993 with various pop musicians taking part in it.

The first replicated album of Russkiy Razmer was recorded together with Vadim Volodin, a famous Russian sound-arranger and producer, in Moscow. Russkiy Razmer was an active participant in many TV music shows. The video for the song "Batman" (from the album Yu-A-Yu) reached respectable places on the top charts . During that time they actively performed as an opening band at the concerts of Army of Lovers, Haddaway, La Toya Jackson and other touring musicians. Their call "Davai-davai!" (simple translation of "C'mon-c'mon!") quickly became trendy in the Russian club culture.

In 1995 they met Alexander Levin, a TV and music producer. As the leading vocalist Angela (Anzhelika Kuznetsova) left the group to start a solo music career, Levin teamed Kopotilov and Bondaryuk with Alexey Lebedinsky, a parody singer and their old-time friend known by the stage name of Professor Lebedinsky. They regularly performed together from 1996 to 1998 and recorded two albums: Davay-Davay! in 1996 and Hello-Goodbye! in 1997. Their friend Dmitry Nagiyev, at the time a popular radio DJ and showman, also helped them with promotion.

The album We dance? was released in 1998 and reached U.S.A. and Europe. From then on Russkiy Razmer actively went on foreign tours, and during the period of 1997-2005 the group performed in the U.S.A. fifteen times. The song "Angel of the Day" (from the album 650) and the video of the song also reached the charts. Since 1999 Eleonora Filimonova has been the vocalist of the group. In the beginning of 2005 Igor Lutsenko joined the group, as a replacement for Viktor Bondaryuk, who had previously left.

Discography
The first album of Russkiy Razmer, Ю-А-Ю (Yu-A-Yu), was recorded with a female vocalist, Анжела (Anzhelika Kuznetsova), and Вадим Володин (Vadim Volodin), who was the sound-arranger and producer of that time.

The next album Ля-Ля-Фа (La-La-Fa) was recorded with Профессор Лебединский (Professor Lebedinsky) and consisted mainly of rave cover-versions of all-time popular Russian songs. At the same time, the group was recording an alternative club album, Мяу (Meow). It had the alternate title Съешь таблетку, будь здоров! (Eat a Pill and be Healthy!). After a two-year hiatus the group released their fifth album in 1998, Танцуем? (We Dance?).

In 1999 the group released their album 650, which featured the female vocalist Настя (Nastya).

Before the next studio album, a collection of dance cover-versions of popular songs (mostly songs from famous Soviet films), Next, was issued. A year later, the album БумZ-БумZ (BumZ-BumZ) was released. The group then released the albums Выход - OUT (Exit - OUT), Меня колбасит (I Feel Groovy), and Восходящие воздушные потоки (Ascending Airflows). The last album with Viktor Bondaryuk was Цyzамен (Together, in German zusammen). The new album !Слушай (!Listen) was released in 2010.

Literature
Alexander Alekseev, Andrei Burlaka (2001). Encyclopedia of Russian Pop and Rock Music. — Moscow: Eksmo-Press, p. 333. ISBN 5040066767

title: Russkiy Razmer


text:
User talk:Small potato

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Oleg Alexandrov 15:38, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
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talk:169.204.238.174|talk]]) 20:11, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

Brady is the coolest Brady alive.... i love you brady sorry....but at least i finally fixed it.....your gonna look at me like i'm dumb when you read this but you know you appriciate it and you love me, well you better any way....later

title: User talk:Small potato


text:
Pendleton Airport

Pendleton Airport is located 3 NM northwest of Pendleton, Ontario, Canada, east of Ottawa. The airfield is currently operated by the Gatineau Gliding Club.

World War II (1942–1945)

During the Second World War, Pendleton Airport was established as RCAF Station Pendleton and hosted No. 10 Elementary Flying Training School for the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan after the school moved from Hamilton in 1942. The school provided initial pilot training on Tiger Moth and Finch aircraft. While most of the airports involved in the plan have either closed or gone through extensive changes, Pendleton still preserves most of the original character of a BCATP airport: it has the original three short runways arranged in a triangle (though some are in disrepair), and several of the original World War II buildings, including the main hangar.

Aerodrome information
In approximately 1942 the aerodrome was listed as RCAF Aerodrome - Pendleton, Ontario at 45.48333°N, -75.1°W with a variation of 14 degrees east and elevation of 260 ft. Three runways were listed as follows:

Post-war (1945–present)
The Gatineau Gliding Club purchased the airfield from Crown Assets in 1961, and has been the owner since then. The club is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting motorless flight in Canada.

title: Pendleton Airport


text:
Legend (Gemmell novel)

Legend is a fantasy novel by British writer David Gemmell, published in 1984. It established him as a major fantasy novelist and created the character of Druss, who would appear in several subsequent books. It was the first novel by Gemmell, and in The Drenai saga.

Gemmell got the idea for the book in 1976. He was being tested for cancer, and to take his mind off it he tried writing a book, which he called "Against the Hordes". The fortress and its attackers, the Nadir, were metaphors for him and the cancer. In the end, he was found not to have cancer after all and he forgot about the book, which he claims wasn't very good anyway. However, in 1980, a friend of Gemmell's read the manuscript and told him that the story had potential. Encouraged, Gemmell set to work rewriting the book that would become known as "Legend". It was accepted by Century Publishing late in 1982.

In 1984 Century's computer software division, Century Software produced a game for the ZX Spectrum computer based on the novel also called Legend. The novel was included as part of the pack and acted as a form of copy protection for the game.

Plot
The Drenai Empire is under threat. The tribal Nadir people have been united for the first time by the great warleader Ulric, who has forged a massive empire in the North. The Drenai leader Abalayn is trying to negotiate new treaties with Ulric, but war is brewing and an over 500,000 strong Nadir army marches on the fortress of Dros Delnoch, gateway to the Drenai heartlands. Dros Delnoch is the greatest fortress in the world, a narrow pass guarded by six high walls and a great keep, but under Abalayn its complement of defenders has been reduced to less than 10,000 men under the leadership of an unfit General.

The fate of the Drenai hinges on the defence of Dros Delnoch. If the fortress can hold the Nadir horde for three months, the Drenai general Magnus Woundweaver might be able to gather and train a Drenai army. However, given the odds, no-one truly believes that Delnoch can be held.

The novel follows the stories of two men who find their destiny at Dros Delnoch. Regnak Wanderer (Rek for short) an ex-army officer and natural 'baresark', seeing a war brewing, resigned his commission because he lacked the courage to risk his life and took to a life of wandering. Rek is an idealist and eventually he returns to Delnoch at the persuasion of the woman he falls in love with and finds his destiny as the Earl of Bronze. The other man is the greatest hero of the Drenai people - Druss the Legend. His death was foretold defending Delnoch and while given the choice to avoid it and fall into senility Druss (and his once possessed axe Snaga) marched to the great fortress to defend his people one last time. In this story Druss is in his sixties and much weaker than his prime but still a formidable warrior and an inspirational leader to the Drenai. The story also flicks into the perspective of several defenders during different stages of the siege as time goes on. It also follows The Thirty, a group of 30 warrior priests of the light whose purpose is to fight and die (except for one priest that leaves to continue the order at the end of each great battle) for the greater good and their people, the Drenai.

Druss the Legend
Druss the Legend is a hero embodying virtue, courage, honour, chivalry and strength of character. Druss is the grandson of Bardan the Slayer, a psychotic madman driven insane by the demon residing within his rune covered enchanted axe, Snaga the Sender (Druss later exorcised the demon while looking for his wife Rowena). Druss is described as a physically imposing man, immensely strong but also possessing great speed and dexterity. He has a hard, flat face, black hair and a thick, black beard and pale blue eyes. Despite his initial lack of formal combat training, he becomes known as a fearsome warrior who has never been bested in single combat. He wears the armour and weapons of his grandfather, which includes a black leather jerkin with silver steel pauldrons, black leather gauntlets with reinforced steel plates covering the knuckles and forearms, black leather boots and a black pot helmet with a silver axe motif on the brow flanked by small silver skulls. Druss was the main protagonist in Gemmell's first novel, Legend, however chronologically his story begins in The First Chronicles of Druss the Legend and is continued in The Legend of Deathwalker. Having died in Legend, Druss reappears in The Swords of Night and Day, both as a spirit wandering in the darkness, and in physical form by possessing his clone. In October 2000 at the World Fantasy Convention in Texas, David Gemmell gave an interview in which he revealed that Druss was based on his stepfather, Bill. "Years later, when I wrote my first novel, I used Bill as the model for a character. His name was Druss the Legend. Bill re-appeared in many novels thereafter, in many guises."

title: Legend (Gemmell novel)


text:
Hell Is for Heroes (band)

Hell Is for Heroes are an English post-hardcore band from London. Founder members Will McGonagle and Joe Birch (previously of Symposium) were joined by James Findlay, Tom O'Donoghue and later Justin Schlosberg. The band played their formative shows in West London throughout 2001.

After two independently released singles, Hell Is for Heroes released their debut album in February 2003 on EMI. The Neon Handshake was produced and recorded in Los Angeles at Sound City Studios and mixed in Umeå, Sweden at Tonteknik by Pelle Henricsson and Eskil Lövström. The band's A&R was managed by Duncan Illing. The band and their A&R left EMI in 2004. The band released its second album Transmit Disrupt independently, before signing a deal with Burning Heart Records, who subsequently re-released it in 2006. Their final self-titled album was released through Golf Records in 2007.

Their debut album was voted the 58th best British rock album ever, by the readers of Kerrang! magazine in the 19 February 2005 issue.

In October 2008, the band announced its indefinite hiatus.

On 26 June 2012, it was announced that they are reforming to play three shows alongside Hundred Reasons and Cable in November.

In 2018 the band toured the U.K. as part of The Neon Handshake's 15th anniversary, and once again announced their return to touring in 2021.

Band line-up

 * Justin Schlosberg – vocals
 * William McGonagle – guitar
 * Tom O'Donoghue – guitar
 * James Findlay – bass
 * Joe Birch – drums

Early days
Will McGonagle and Joe Birch were previously in the British band Symposium. Their final release was in 1999 and, by the end of 2000, due to personal and musical differences, and problems with their record label, they had split up. Before long they joined up with their former school friends, James Findlay and Tom O'Donoghue, to form what would become with Hell is for Heroes, but they still lacked a lead singer. Justin Schlosberg was recruited through mutual friends.

In January 2001, they had performed their first gig at The Half Moon in Putney, London. In March that year they toured as support for Sunna, along with Biffy Clyro, and at the end of that tour they had recruited a loyal fan base which meant the band caught the attention of major record labels. In July 2001, they signed with EMI. It took all that year before Hell Is for Heroes released their debut single on Superior Quality Recordings. It was a double A-side, featuring two songs that would later appear on their debut album, "Sick/Happy" and "Cut Down".

The band next released "You Drove Me To It" with the B-sides "Things Fall Apart" and "Kill the Silence" in January 2002. That year saw the release of two more singles, "I Can Climb Mountains" and "Nightvision". The latter track included "Folded Paper Figures" on the B-side, which became popular with their fanbase, and was later re-recorded and used on their second album.

The Neon Handshake
The Neon Handshake was issued in February 2003, and gained a positive reviews from the NME. It peaked at No. 16 in the UK Albums Chart. Hell is for Heroes' videos appeared regularly on major music television channels, and the band continued to tour across the UK keeping up their reputation as one of the premier live bands of the day. One performance of that time at The Astoria in London was filmed, and shown by MTV2.

In early 2003, "You Drove Me To It", which had been re-mastered for the album version was re-released as a single. Shortly after the release of the album, the band went on tour with Feeder for five dates of their UK tour. Hell Is for Heroes' live appearances included the Carling Weekend Reading and Leeds Festival on the BBC Radio 1 stage.

However, in 2004, changes within EMI saw Chrysalis Records, which owned the rights to Hell Is for Heroes closed down, and another subsidiary subsequently decide to part company with the band.

Transmit Disrupt
In May 2004, the band recorded their second album with the independent record label, Captains of Industry. The first single release was "One of Us", which did not enjoy their previous major label's promotion efforts. "Models for the Programme" was then followed by "Kamichi" before the album's release. Transmit Disrupt flopped at No. 87 in the UK chart.

In September 2005, Hell Is for Heroes signed with Burning Heart Records. Transmit Disrupt was re-released, and "Models for the Programme" was given a new video. In February 2006, the band announced on their website that they had "come out of hibernation", and "New Song" appeared on the band's website. This was followed by a tour and, in July, "Eject Eject Eject", was available for free download on Myspace.

Hell Is For Heroes and Break Up
In February 2007, Hell is for Heroes began their UK, Ireland and European tour. "You've Got Hopes" was placed on the band's Myspace page. In April the band released the track listing of their new album on their official site. In June the band's third, eponymous album was released on Golf Records. Reviews and interviews in Kerrang! brought the album to a wider audience and the band embarked upon a sponsored tour throughout June, playing the Barfly venues in the UK.

On 25 October 2007, Hell Is for Heroes stated:

Our forthcoming hop around the UK will be our last full length stint on the road before the reunion tour in 2037. We're up for spending more time at home working on other projects and potentially a fourth album if we can beat our last effort. Plus we reckon 7 years in the van is a fair stretch by any standards.

The band were forced to cancel three dates at the end of the 2007 tour due to illness. In October 2008, the band announced their final UK tour, with their final concert on 12 December 2008 at the Glasgow Barfly.

Recent Events
In June 2012, the band announced that they will be supporting Hundred Reasons at their upcoming 10th Anniversary shows, playing The Neon Handshake in full along with other songs from their back catalogue. Guitarist Will McGonagle commented on the upcoming shows, "We’ve been friends with Hundred Reasons for over 10 years, so when they suggested playing our first records together it sounded like fun. We are really proud of all the music we’ve made together and look forward to getting together to smash out The Neon Handshake. The early 2000s were exciting times for British rock music. It was a special time for our bands, who toured together and forged strong friendships. Who knows, maybe one day there’ll be a Shatterproof/Transmit Disrupt show too.". In August 2017, the band announced that they would be going on a headline tour in February 2018 playing The Neon Handshake in full to celebrate that record's 15th anniversary.

On 27 March 2018 it was announced that Hell is for Heroes would appear at Download festival. They are due to appear on Friday 8 June on the 2nd stage. Second on the bill.

In 2021 the band announced a 9-date UK tour alongside Hundred Reasons, scheduled to take place in February and March 2022. It was later rescheduled to February and March 2023. In December 2022 they released their latest single 'I Should Never Have Been Here in the First Place' which is taken from the bands new 7" released via Big Scary Monsters.

DVDs

 * Live at the Sheffield Leadmill (Dir: Oli Cole) (2004)

title: Hell Is for Heroes (band)