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Wikipedia talk:Requests for comment/Che y Marijuana

It appears that Viajero may be correct that this dispute does not belong as a user RfC. The main RfC page says: "Disputes over the writing of articles, including disputes over how best to follow the NPOV policy, belong in the Article content disputes section above." As far as I'm aware, this is about the only thing being disputed. On the other hand, the same page says: "This section is for discussing specific users who have allegedly violated Wikipedia policies and guidelines", which seems a little contradictory, considering that NPOV is the most important policy. Still, unless someone can tell me why I shouldn't, I guess I'm going to have to rescind my certification. This seems unfortunate, because, while this matter is already listed as a content RfC, nobody seems to pay very much attention to content RfCs, so it appears that this will abandon any hope of getting anywhere with the pages in question. - Nat Krause 13:20, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I think given the evidence of bad faith on Che y Marijuana's part (masking substantial content edits by marking them "minor") and his avowed POV that coincides with the skew of his edits, it seems like this goes beyond a content dispute and crosses the line to a personal dispute when one person seems to be evangelizing his political program across multiple articles.
 * I don't even blame him for it, really. His POV is so strong, his conception of reality so tinted, that he has come to believe that his POV is fact. This makes him a hindrance across the anarchist articles, even if he is a good-faith substantive contributor on other articles.
 * Really, my two alternatives on RfC were to list multiple articles and under the listing for each article, say that Che y Marijuana was responsible for what I'm complaining about; or to list Che y Marijuana. Philwelch 17:47, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Once in a while, I have mislabelled as minor edits some that weren't by forgetting to uncheck that box, but as exemplified by my edit at Anti-Globalization, I usually mention it either in the talk page or in my next edit, apologizing for the mix up. As for my POV, I have my own POV, but that does not mean I cannot make a rational edit based in fact. And in this case, I am completely basing myself in fact.--    Revolutionary Left   |  Che y Marijuana 20:26, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Your perception of fact is perhaps tinted by your POV. Regardless, you have in the past masked your POV-mongering as "minor edits", and been unapologetic about it when called on it. Philwelch 21:45, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The only situation where I have been "called on it" and been unappologetic is the deletion of one line, the listing of Anarcho-Capitalism at the top in the list of schools of anarchism. Which, is one word, and as such is a minor edit.--    Revolutionary Left   |  Che y Marijuana 21:52, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * To quote Minor edit (emphasis added):
 * The rule of thumb is that an edit of a page that is spelling corrections, formatting, and minor rearranging of text should be flagged as a "minor edit". A major edit is basically something that makes the entry worth relooking at for somebody who wants to watch the article rather closely, so any "real" change, even if it is a single word, is a major edit. This feature is important, because users can choose to hide minor edits in their view of the Recent Changes page, to keep the volume of edits down to a manageable level.
 * Reverts to a disputed page are unlikely to be minor. When a page is disputed, and especially if an edit war is brewing or in full eruption -- then it's better not to mark ANY edit as minor: not unless you're sure that all other users will agree it's minor, like correcting a misspelling.
 * Philwelch 22:43, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, very well, that was a mistake on my part then. I just changed my prefs.--    Revolutionary Left   |  Che y Marijuana 22:47, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)

Philwelch should stop harrassing good editors like Che. :) — Helpful Dave 00:16, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Indeed, in his short time of editing the anarchism related pages Phil has gone out of his way to demonstrate a considerable bias. His only reason for making this RfC page is an attempt to try to silence someone who dared obstruct his efforts to riddle the anarchism pages with capitalist POV.  Kev 05:44, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I'm a frequent opponent of his, and will continue to fight to get a fair balance in the anarchism articles, but like some others above I don't really think a user RfC is the proper tool for this; the issue is a content disagreement, not a user offense. The user in question's tendency to mark edits as "minor" when they involved major ideological change was possibly deserving of action against him, but he has said he won't do this any more; the remaining disputes don't rise to the level of sanctionable action, in my opinion. The only solution is for more reasonable people (aka capitalists :-) ) to participate in the editing of the anarchism articles to counteract the POV of the socialists. *Dan* 11:13, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree with Dan (Dtobias) that some of Che y's reverts, which were marked as minor, were objectionable on procedural grounds. However, since there was no real concerted effort to resolve that particular problem before, and since he has promised not to do it anymore, there can't be an RfC for it. So, I've reluctantly decided to rescind my certification of this RfC.

 * Incidentally, I know that Dan was joking, but I'd still like to say that the articles in question need more editors to get involved with them, and ideally they should be people without any axe to grind. User:Snowspinner, who worked on anarchism a while back, took a position more aggressively than anyone else in the direction that Kev and Che y describe as "capitalist propaganda", but I don't think anyone's ever accused Snowspinner of being a right-winger. - Nat Krause 14:46, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Snowspinner's attempt were actually far more NPOV than yours. At the same time, he didn't entirely understand the subject, and I'm sure that if he had taken the time to fully educate himself on it he would have been less predisposed to fall for the kinds of tactics that capitalists have been using to push their POV in those articles.  Kev 23:21, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Anarchy, State, and Utopia
Just a small point about all legitimate anarchists supposedly being leftwing: as an example of a study of rightwing anarchism, Anarchy, State, and Utopia — a famous and influential book by Robert Nozick — examines the idea of a minimal, anarcho-capitalist state, though the overall thrust of the book is libertarian, not anarchist. SlimVirgin (talk) 06:47, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * Nothing surprising there, Nozick's book came into waters long since muddied by Rothbard and others who claimed the anarchist tradition while going out of their way to minimize or flat out dismiss all of the essential ideas of the tradition they were claiming. That Nozick makes a mistake in accepting the anarcho-capitalist attempt to redefine anarchism is not evidence, in itself, to any legitimacy of claims on their part.  Evidence of legitimacy to anarcho-capitalist claims of tradition within anarchism would be evidence that the individualist anarchists who supposedly "inspired" anarcho-capitalists would have remotely accepted capitalist ideology as a genuine branch of the free-market anarchism individualists had developed.  The only problem with this is that anyone who has ever read an individualist knows that they all denounced capitalism, usually quite explicitly.  Thus we get the never-ending attempts to explain how one could, in theory, have capitalism without property, or capitalism without wage and rent, or how when so-and-so said "socialism" he meant something different than what modern anarchists means, or when so-and-so said "capitalism" he meant something different than what modern anarcho-capitalists mean, or how such-and-such single line out of a single essay should be read in isolation from the rest of the texts of the author because doing so just might put capitalism in a not-so-negative light if we squint our eyes really hard.  Kev 14:40, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Kev, as usual, assumes the answer before he begins. Nozick's use of "anarchism" isn't relevant because, well, he's not using it the way anarchists use it. Well, we already know he's not talking about anarchism in the sense that you use it. But, what we have here is an excellent example of the word "anarchism" being used in a different sense in a high-profile book by an author who is taken seriously in mainstream academe (although the author is not the libertarian most worthy of acclaim, we'll take what we can get). Nozick's readership, to my knowledge, did not react with confusion or derision at his "mistake", and I would be surprised to learn that anyone had ever suggested he change the title to Statelessness, the State, and Utopia, or something like that. This doesn't show, nor do I claim, that Nozick's use is the only acceptable use of the word "anarchy", but it is evidence that it is one acceptable use. Nat Krause 09:22, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) (incidentally, I think this discussion would be of interest to the general editorship of Anarchism, so I am going to copy it to Talk:Anarchism -- I hope nobody minds)


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Adama Drabo

Adama Drabo (1948 - July 15, 2009) was a Malian filmmaker and playwright.

Biography
Drabo was in the Malian capital of Bamako, Mali, where he showed an interest in film since his childhood. For ten years, he was a schoolteacher in a Malian village, and in his spare time he painted and wrote plays. His career in film began as a hobby.

In 1979, he joined the Centre national de production cinématographique (CNPC). There, he worked with director Cheick Oumar Sissoko as an assistant director on the 1986 film Nyamanton and the 1989 film Finzan.

In 1988, he produced a short film, Nieba, la journée d'une paysanne.

In 1991, he produced his first full-length film, Ta Dona (Au feu!), which was nominated for the Gold Lion prize at the Locarno International Film Festival, and featured at FESPACO. It was also screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival.

In 1997, he produced Taafé Fanga, which tells the story of a Dogon woman who finds a magical mask and uses its powers to reverse gender roles in her village. This film was featured in film festivals worldwide, including at Cannes, Tokyo, Namur, and Ouagadougou. He died in Algeria from cardiac arrest during the "Festival culturel panafricain d’Alger".

Filmography

 * Nieba, la journée d'une paysanne (Nieba, the Day of a Peasant Woman) (1988)
 * Ta Dona (Au feu!) (1991)
 * Taafé Fanga (1997) (The Power of the Skirt)
 * Kokadjè : laver proprement (2003)
 * Faantan Fanga (2009) (The Power of the Poor) (mostly written wrongly as "Fantan fanga", which would mean "The Power of the Orphan" in Bambara)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Adama Drabo


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Information Please

Information Please is an American radio quiz show, created by Dan Golenpaul, which aired on NBC from May 17, 1938, to April 22, 1951. The title was the contemporary phrase used to request from telephone operators what was then called "information" and later called "directory assistance".

The series was moderated by Clifton Fadiman. A panel of experts would attempt to answer questions submitted by listeners. For the first few shows, a listener was paid $2 for a question that was used, and $5 more if the experts could not answer it correctly. When the show got its first sponsor (Canada Dry), the total amounts were increased to $5 and $10 respectively. A complete Encyclopædia Britannica was later added to the prize for questions that stumped the panel. The amounts rose to $10 and $25 when Lucky Strike took over sponsorship of the program.

By 1948, the prizes changed to the following: submitting a question awarded the viewer an Encyclopædia Britannica world atlas, and stumping the panel added a $50 savings bond plus the complete encyclopedia. They also replaced the regular sponsorship with a different sponsor for certain broadcasts.

Regulars
Panel regulars included writer-actor-pianist Oscar Levant and newspaper columnists and renowned wits and intellectuals Franklin P. Adams and John Kieran. All the panelists were well versed in a wide range of topics, though each had a specialty. Music and film questions were often addressed to Levant. Adams was well known for his mastery of poetry, popular culture and Gilbert and Sullivan. Kieran was an expert in natural history, sports and literature. A typical question would have three or four parts and would require the panelists to get a majority of the questions right, lest they lose the prize money.

The show would always have a fourth guest panelist, usually either a celebrity, a politician or writer. Guest panelists included Fred Allen, Leonard Bernstein, Boris Karloff, Clare Boothe Luce, Groucho Marx, Dorothy Parker, S. J. Perelman, Sigmund Spaeth, Rex Stout, Jan Struther, Deems Taylor, Jackie Robinson, Alexander Woollcott, George S. Kaufman, Ruth Gordon, Orson Welles, Basil Rathbone, Moe Berg, and a very young Myron "Mike" Wallace.

The show was as much a comedy as a quiz show. The panelists displayed a quick wit in answering the questions, reveling in puns and malapropisms. (For instance, once the panel was asked to supply a common household expression. Adams: "Please pass the salt." Kieran: "The front doorbell's ringing." Levant: "Are you going to stay in that bathroom all day?" ) Due to the spontaneous nature of the program, it became the first show for which NBC allowed a prerecorded repeat for the West Coast.

Accolades
During World War II, the show frequently went on tours from its New York City base to promote the buying of war bonds. Instead of the usual cash prize, a question writer would win a bond. The show received several awards as an outstanding radio quiz show. It is also believed to be the earliest example of the panel game genre.

The program was so popular that, from 1939 to 1943, excerpts of 18 radio broadcasts were filmed and released by RKO Pictures as a series of theatrical shorts. Two card games based on the series were also released, as was a 1939 tie-in quiz book from Simon & Schuster.

The show was satirized by the zany panel of radio's It Pays to Be Ignorant, which likewise enjoyed a successful radio run from 1942 to 1951.

In 1947, Golenpaul edited the Information Please Almanac, a reference book which continued through the years in different formats (including the website Infoplease).

The program was mentioned by name in the 1949 film A Letter to Three Wives.

At the start of the 1942 movie Woman of the Year, Spencer Tracy's character enters a bar and hears on the radio Katharine Hepburn's character appearing on Information Please.

Television
Information Please went to television from June 29 to September 21, 1952, on CBS Television on Sundays at 9:00 pm as a summer replacement for The Fred Waring Show, a musical variety series. Adams and Kieran returned to the show, with Fadiman again as host and two guest celebrities. On August 17, Fadiman was replaced by John McCaffery for the rest of the show's run.

A variation of Information Please, this time a program devoted exclusively to music with the same four-member panel format, became popular when it was televised in Los Angeles in 1953. After two years of local success, Musical Chairs became a summer replacement series on NBC Television. The Bill Leyden-hosted game show lasted eleven weeks on the national airwaves.

International
An Australian version of the program was first broadcast from Melbourne radio station 3DB in about 1939, and was relayed to Sydney station 2CH from July 1941. It was soon relayed nationwide through the Major Broadcasting Network. The program continued into the early 1960s. John Stuart was the host. (Stuart was a prominent 3DB broadcaster who presented the breakfast program under the pseudonym Daybreak Dan, and the children's session as Bob Breezy.) Panelists included Barry Jones, Edward Alexander Mann, who broadcast as "The Watchman", Crosbie Morrison, Alan Nichols, John Lynch, Professor W.A. Osborne, Ian Mair, Dr Charles Souter, Eric Welch.

General references

 * Martin Grams Jr. Information Please. Albany, Georgia: BearManor Media, 2003

Listen to

 * Archive.org Information Please radio shows
 * OTR Network Library: Information Please (68 episodes from 1938-1943)
 * Zoot Radio, free old time radio show downloads of 'Information Please.'
 * 236 episodes.

title: Information Please


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Souleymane Cissé (film director)

Souleymane Cissé (born April 21, 1940) is a Malian film director, regarded as one of the first generation of African filmmakers. He has been called "Africa's greatest living filmmaker" while his film Yeelen has been called "conceivably the greatest African film ever made."

Biography
Born in Bamako and raised in a Muslim family, Souleymane Cissé was a passionate cinephile from childhood. He attended secondary school in Dakar and returned to Mali in 1960 after national independence.

His film career began as an assistant projectionist for a documentary on the arrest of Patrice Lumumba. This triggered his desire to create films of his own, and he obtained a scholarship at the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography, the Moscow school of Cinema and Television.

In 1970 he returned to Mali, and joined the Ministry of Information as a cameraman, where he produced documentaries and short films. Two years later, he produced his first medium-length film, Cinq jours d’une vie (Five Days in a Life), which tells the story of a young man who drops out of a Qur'anic school and becomes a petty thief living on the street. Cinq Jours premiered at the Carthage Film Festival.

In 1974, Cissé produced his first full-length film in the Bambara language, Den muso (The Girl), the story of a young mute girl who has been raped. The girl becomes pregnant, and is rejected both by her family and by the child's father. Den muso was banned by the Malian Minister of Culture, and Cissé was arrested and jailed for the dubious charge of accepting French funding. Cissé would never know the real reason for his arrest, but while in jail he wrote the screenplay for his next film Baara (Work). Cissé would finish and release this film to much acclaim four years later, winning the Yenenga's Talon prize at Fespaco in 1979.

In 1982, Cissé produced Finyé (Wind), which tells the story of dissatisfied Malian youth rising up against the establishment. This earned him his second Yenenga's Talon, at 1983's Fespaco.

Between 1984 and 1987, he produced Yeelen (Light or Brightness), a coming-of-age film that won the Jury Prize at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival, becoming the first African film to win a prize in the festival's history. Often cited as his greatest work, Cissé stated in an interview for Cahiers du Cinéma that it was "in part made in opposition to European ethnographic films” and that he “wanted to make a response to an external perception, a perception by white technicians and academics, an alien perception."

In 1995, he produced Waati (Time), which competed for the Palme d'Or at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival.

In 2009, he filmed a comedy that talks about polygamy, inspired by his father, when he, his eight brothers, and his sister should leave their house in 1988. In the film, O Ka (Our House), he reminded the legal battle of his sisters when they were expelled from their house in Bamako.

Cissé is president of UCECAO, the Union of Creators and Entrepreneurs of Cinema and Audiovisual Arts of Western Africa. His younger brother is film director Alioune Ifra Ndiaye.

Cissé was awarded the 'Carrosse d'Or' award at the 2023 Cannes Film Festival, a symbol of the pioneering quality of his films. The award disappeared from his home in Bamako and was reported stolen on 29 April 29 2024. The loss caused significant public distress in Mali, prompting calls for collective efforts to recover the trophy and reaffirm the nation's cultural pride.

Legacy and style
Souleymane Cissé is one of the most recognized African filmmaker of the twentieth century, and his work exemplifies the development of social realism in African cinema, including its eventual movement towards the recovery of tradition.

Cissé has also been called "a master of complex storytelling, preserving the mysterious in the mundane." His films have been known for their uncompromising depictions of military violence, abuse of money and power, trade unionism, and the enduring stranglehold of patriarchal traditions over Bamako's women and youth.

Filmography

 * L’aspirant (short film, 1968)
 * Source d’inspiration (short film, 1968)
 * Dégal à Dialloubé (1970)
 * Fête du Sanké (1971)
 * Cinq jours d’une vie (1972)
 * Den muso (1975)
 * L’homme et ses idoles (short film, 1975)
 * Baara (1978)
 * Chanteurs traditionnels des Iles Seychelles (1978)
 * Finye (1982)
 * Yeelen (1987)
 * Waati (1995)
 * Tell Me Who You Are (2009)
 * O Sembene! (2013)
 * Our House (2015)

title: Souleymane Cissé (film director)


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Peregrine Investments Holdings

Peregrine (including Peregrine Investments Holdings Limited and Peregrine Infrastructure Investments Limited) was an investment company based in Hong Kong. It was liquidated following the downturn of the Indonesian economy during the Asian financial crisis, and was acquired by BNP Paribas.

The Founding of the Company
Peregrine was founded in 1988 with an initial investment of $38 million by former race car driver Philip Tose and Francis Leung. They had both worked with Citibank in the past and had a large number of connections to Hong Kong's business elite including Li Ka-shing, Gordon Wu and Larry Yung. The company's goal was to profit from the expanding Asian economy by underwriting stocks and bonds to provide capital for the Asian countries, especially the East Asian Tigers.

Culture
The company was characterised as "arrogant", and thrived on taking risks. Commenting on their investing during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, Leung said, "These events were just a hiccup. We decided we wanted to take advantage of depressed market conditions at the time". In 1994, to create an Asian bond market, they hired Andre Lee from Lehman Brothers to head their fixed income department. Lee, a French Canadian-Korean who grew up within the American military presence in Seoul, was described as a "wild man" and "a salesman who could 'sell snow to the Eskimos.'"  By 1996, Lee's operations provided one half of Peregrine's profits. Almost single-handedly, Lee created the Asian junk bond market.

Bill Hwang the hedge fund was once employed by the company.

Financial Collapse
In 1998, financial markets were changing. Peregrine underwrote the bond issue by Steady Safe, an Indonesian taxi company of US$265 million, half of Peregrine's capital On the surface, the deal looked secure, although repayment would be in Indonesian rupiah. The deal was undersubscribed, and Peregrine was left with the remaining bonds as the underwriter. Following the collapse of Steady Safe along with several other losses during the Asian financial crisis, the company lost all liquidity and after unsuccessful negotiations with would-be suitors and white knights, and closed in January 1998. The Greater China team stumbled into the arms of BNP Paribas, while a substantial portion of the Asia team (ex-China) was hired by Banco Santander.

Current operations
BNP Paribas Peregrine is now the investment banking arm of BNP Paribas in Asia. It delivers integrated investment banking services covering primary and seconding equity fund raising, underwriting and securities brokerages, corporate finance, financial advisory, mergers and acquisitions. At the end of 2006, BNP announced it was aligning its branding throughout Asia, and the Peregrine name was dropped.

title: Peregrine Investments Holdings


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Zendstation Ugchelen

Zendstation Ugchelen is the designation of a facility for FM- and TV-broadcasting at Ugchelen, Netherlands. Zendstation Ugchelen uses as transmission tower a 70 m freestanding lattice tower built in 1958. It stands on top of the 80 m Ugchelse Berg. It is owned by Cellnex.

title: Zendstation Ugchelen


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Loving You (1957 film)

Loving You is a 1957 American musical drama film directed by Hal Kanter and starring Elvis Presley, Lizabeth Scott, and Wendell Corey. The film was Presley's first major starring role, following his debut in a supporting role in the 1956 film Love Me Tender. The film follows a delivery man who is discovered by a music publicist and a country–western musician who wants to promote the talented newcomer.

The film was written by Herbert Baker and Hal Kanter, and based on the short story "A Call from Mitch Miller". Kanter expanded the script after being inspired by Presley's last appearance on the Louisiana Hayride and his manager Colonel Tom Parker's antics. Paramount Pictures chose to ignore the first-run theater system, opting instead to release the film in sub-run neighborhood theaters, a system later dubbed the "Presley Pattern".

Loving You opened nationwide on July 9, 1957, and was a box office success. Composed by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, Presley's single "(Let Me Be Your) Teddy Bear", backed with "Loving You", was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America.

Plot
Walter "Tex" Warner (Wendell Corey), a seasoned country and western bandleader past his prime, and his manager and love interest, Glenda Markle (Lizabeth Scott), work for the campaign of Texas gubernatorial candidate Jim Tallman. During a campaign stop in the town of Delville, Deke Rivers (Elvis Presley) and a workmate deliver an order of beer. While they are unloading, the workmate talks to Glenda about Deke's singing ability, which Glenda jumps on to revive the sagging interest in the event by using local talent. She convinces Deke to sing a song with the backing of Tex's Rough Ridin' Ramblers.

Seeing the positive reception by the female audience, Glenda tries to convince Deke to join the Tex Warner Show. Driving in Deke's hotrod, she tells him about his potential. Not willing to leave his first steady job in a year, he rejects the offer, but Glenda asks him to think about it. Upon returning to town, Glenda calls the Highway Beverage Company, after which she and Tex quit the Tallman campaign to return to their own roadshow.

The following morning, as the group is leaving town, Deke accepts Glenda's offer, after being fired by his employer because of a false complaint to the drinks company by Glenda regarding a fictitious late delivery. Glenda just happens to have prepared a contract, which grants her half of his income. Not realizing he is being ripped off, Deke foolishly signs it. With Tex headlining, they start touring throughout Texas, along two other acts: Susan "Susie" Jessup (Dolores Hart) and a singing trio. As Deke's popularity grows, Glenda devises publicity stunts to leverage it. At one show, she pays two aged woman to criticize him. When they start to argue with young fans, Glenda has a press photographer document the incident. As the tour progresses, Deke and Susan become interested in one another.

After playing small venues, the group is hired to play in a large Amarillo theater on a four-day run. Convinced that it is his ticket to regain fame, Tex accepts Glenda's suggestion to share the bill with Deke, after which she calls reporters of The Dallas Chronicle to write a story on Deke. Later that night, Deke is provoked at a restaurant by the boyfriend of one of his fans, who wants to hear him sing a song. After singing to a tune from the jukebox, he starts a fight with him. He is later exonerated by the police.

After the end of the four-day engagement, Deke's management is offered a one-man show in Freegate, Texas, outside of Dallas. Due to the terms of the contract, Tex fires Susan and the singing trio, leaving only Deke in the show. Before he has to begin his new tour, Deke drives Susan to her family's farm. Meanwhile, in another publicity move, Glenda convinces Tex to buy an Imperial against his life insurance for Deke, inventing a story to tell Deke that it was a gift from the widow of an oil magnate. Back on the farm, Deke and Susan talk, where she tells him about being fired, after which they are about to kiss, when they are interrupted by her parents, who ask him to sing the song he promised. After Deke sings "Loving You", a surprised Susan remarks that she never heard him sing that way; Deke admits that he never felt that way before.

Glenda arrives at the farm with the Imperial, and urges him to leave with her for Freegate to do the show. On their way back, Deke confesses to Glenda that his real surname is Tompkins. Deciding to disclose his past, they drive to Allen City, to the Woodbine cemetery, where he shows her the Tomb of Deke Rivers. He explains that when the orphanage he lived in burned down eleven years earlier, he decided to bury his past, and took Rivers' name.

Meanwhile, in Freegate, the concert is cancelled by the Mayor's office, after they received complaints from parents about Deke's music. Glenda arranges a studio telecast of a concert from Freegate in order to gain publicity; this enables her to convince the town board to allow him to perform. Deke, unhappy, is considering leaving the entertainment business. When Glenda finds out, she talks him into performing, after which they kiss.

On the day of the telecast, Deke is shocked after learning that Tex was married to (and later divorced from) Glenda. Disillusioned, he drives off before the show. When Glenda finds out about it from Tex, she goes after Deke, finding him after he was run off the road by crossing cattle. Glenda confesses everything to him: getting him fired and lying about the Imperial, after which she tears up their contract, before convincing him to return for the broadcast.

While the concert is delayed, fans are filmed by local newscasters defending Deke's music. Eventually, an upset Susan arrives to reveal that Deke will not appear on the show. However, Deke does appear shortly after, declaring that he had "something very important to say to somebody", and starts the show by singing "Loving You". As the song ends, Susan goes onstage with him, after which they meet Tex and Glenda backstage. Deke offers to let them both manage him, as he is offered a recording contract. Tex and Glenda reconcile; meanwhile, Deke and Susan kiss.

Cast

 * Elvis Presley as Deke Rivers
 * Lizabeth Scott as Glenda Markle
 * Wendell Corey as Tex Warner
 * with James Gleason as Carl Meade
 * Ralph Dumke as Jim Tallman
 * Paul Smith as Skeeter
 * Ken Becker as Wayne
 * Jana Lund as Daisy Bricker
 * and introducing Dolores Hart as Susan Jessup

Cast notes
Elvis Presley plays Deke Rivers (whose real name is Jimmy Tompkins), a deliveryman who is discovered by the manager of a band. The film is Presley's second motion picture following his debut in the 1956 film Love Me Tender and his first starring role. It also marked the beginning of his seven-film streak for Paramount produced by Hal Wallis. For the role, Presley dyed his hair black following his favorite actors: Tony Curtis and Rudolph Valentino. As the second of his 1956 three-movie deal with Paramount Pictures, Presley was paid US$150,000.

Lizabeth Scott plays Glenda Markle, manager and love interest of bandleader "Tex" Warner. Known for her roles in the 1940s and early 1950s, Scott returned from retirement to co-star in the movie.

Wendell Corey plays Walter "Tex" Warner, bandleader of the Rough Ridin' Cowboys and the roadshow that Deke joins and revitalizes. Corey was known for his appearances in Alfred Hitchcock's Rear Window and Joseph Anthony's The Rainmaker. A decade earlier, he co-starred with Lizabeth Scott in 1947's Desert Fury and I Walk Alone.

Dolores Hart plays Susan Jessup, a young singer who tours with Tex Warner's band and Deke's love interest. Cast in her first movie role, Hart was discovered by Wallis after he saw her in a production of Joan of Lorraine at Loyola University. He screen-tested Hart on January 16, 1957, and later signed her for US$250 a week. Then named Dolores Hicks, Wallis requested her to change her name to favor her acting career. She adopted Hart, after the maiden surname of a friend. The actress changed it legally to "Dolores Hart". A year after Loving You, Hart was cast as Presley's love interest in his 1958 black-and-white musical drama, King Creole.

Ken Becker also occasionally billed as Kenny Becker or Kenneth Becker, plays Deke's rival, Wayne, who loses a fistfight with Deke. Becker played similar roles in three later Presley films, G.I. Blues (1960), Girls! Girls! Girls! (1962) and Roustabout (1964).

Jana Lund plays Daisy Bricker, the object of Wayne's jealousy, who kisses Deke (Presley's first on-screen kiss). A year earlier, she appeared in another rock and roll film, 1956's Don't Knock the Rock. Following Loving You, she had roles in three other titles in the psychotronic film genre, 1958's High School Hellcats, Hot Car Girl and Frankenstein 1970.

Production
The film was based on the short story "A Call from Mitch Miller", written by Mary Agnes Thompson and published in the June 1956 issue of Good Housekeeping. In that year, producer Hal Wallis bought the rights for the story to turn it into a vehicle for Presley's first starring role for Paramount Pictures. Six months before the start of the production, Wallis loaned Presley to 20th Century Fox, where he appeared in his movie debut, the 1956 film Love Me Tender.

The producer then selected Hal Kanter to direct the film and to co-write the script with Herbert Baker. To write a script adjusted to Presley, Kanter traveled to Memphis, Tennessee, to meet him in person. Along with Presley's entourage, he went to Shreveport to see the last performance of the singer on the country television show, Louisiana Hayride. Kanter witnessed the reaction from fans, as well as Presley's manager Colonel Tom Parker's handling of the spectacle, both of which he used as an inspiration for the script. The working titles of the movie were "Lonesome Cowboy", "Running Wild", "Stranger in Town", and "Something for the Girls". Due to the appeal of Presley's previous film being titled after a song sung by Presley, Wallis selected the final name for the film, using the Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller ballad penned for the movie, "Loving You".

Shot in Technicolor and VistaVision, the production started on January 21, 1957, ending on March 8. The film was shot at the Paramount studios, except the Jessup farm scenes, which were shot in the Hollywood Hills. The film features appearances by Presley's guitarist Scotty Moore, bassist Bill Black, drummer D.J. Fontana, and The Jordanaires. Presley's parents, Gladys and Vernon, who visited the set of the film, were included in the final scene of the film as part of the audience of the telecast.

Loving You premiered in Memphis on July 10, 1957 at the Strand Theater. Presley did not go to that showing, instead opting to take girlfriend Anita Wood, as well as his parents to a private midnight screening. The film opened nationally on July 30, 1957 and peaked at #7 on the Variety National Box Office Survey, staying on the chart for four weeks.

Soundtrack
The soundtrack of the film was recorded from January 15–18, 1957, at the Paramount Pictures Scoring Stage, and in two additional sessions at Radio Recorders in Hollywood on January 12, 13, and 19, and February 23–24, 1957. It contains seven songs, composed expressly for the movie by writers contracted to Elvis Presley Music and Gladys Music, the publishing companies owned by Presley and his manager, Colonel Tom Parker. The title tune, "Loving You", was composed by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. The single "(Let Me Be Your) Teddy Bear" backed with "Loving you" sold over a million copies, and was later certified platinum on March 27, 1992 by the Recording Industry Association of America.

Performed by Presley:

 * "Mean Woman Blues"
 * "(Let Me Be Your) Teddy Bear"
 * "Loving You"
 * "Got a Lot o' Livin' to Do"
 * "Lonesome Cowboy"
 * "Hot Dog"
 * "Party"

Release and reception
The film premiered on July 9, 1957, at the Strand Theater in Memphis, opening nationally on July 30. Due to Presley's massive appeal, for the first time, the studio decided to bypass the established first-run theater system. Paramount opted instead for a wide release, sending it to neighborhood theaters in New York, Chicago, and Detroit. This new system was dubbed the "Presley Pattern", which consisted of delivering the product to its direct market by cutting the expenses of premieres in downtown theaters, choosing instead local venues for a wider and more profitable release.

Upon its release, it appeared on Variety's National Box Office Survey for four weeks, peaking at number seven. The film grossed a total of US$3.7 million in 1957. While Presley was in the army, the movie was re-released in the summer of 1959. The box office results were not impressive, the film grossing US$74,000.

Reviews
Variety wrote a favorable review, noting that Presley "shows improvement as an actor ... being surrounded by a capable crew of performers". The New York Times criticized his acting: the review opened "For Paramount's 'Loving You', starring America's favorite hound-dog hollerer ... does just about everything, and little else, to prove that it ain't—isn't". The Los Angeles Times declared it "A furtive step on Presley's part in a screen career". The Michigan Christian Advocate delivered a negative review and called the film "an apologia for Elvis Presley" and considered it "part of the passing American scene" that would "undoubtedly bore many and interest an equal number".

On its review, Monthly Film Bulletin qualified Presley's career as "one of the most puzzling and less agreeable aspects of modern popular music". the review declared: "Presley adopts a slurred and husky style of delivery and a series of grotesque body gestures to impose on his otherwise innocuous material a suggestive meaning. ... in 'Loving You' he is allowed more scope and is at times both the cause and sum total of the film's somewhat doubtful entertainment value." Down Beat opened its review mentioning the negative reception of Presley by the press, indicating that while other publications "hotly despised" him, Down Beat was "prepared to dismiss him with a decimating round of punfire". The reviewer, however noted that after watching Loving You, it was "amiss to speak unkindly of [Presley]", and that the film was "a rather entertaining pic". It remarked the "resourcefulness" of Lizabeth Scott, the "positive acting ability augmented by a fresh prettiness" of Dolores Hart, and the "witty lines and range of expressions" delivered by Wendell Corey. The review favored Presley, describing his performance as "an overpowering, if touchingly naive, celluloid sexuality." It concluded: "For all his high-voltage on-stage erotica ... he plays the sullen country boy convincingly ... evincing all the emotion of a well bred head of livestock."

Later reviews and evaluation in film guides
While it rated the film with two stars out of five, AllMovie defined it as "one of Elvis Presley's liveliest and most interesting early films ... one of the best in (his) output". MSN Movies called it "a streamlined and sanitized retake on the story of Elvis".

Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide rated Loving You with 2½ stars out of 4, the review declared: "Elvis' second movie is highlighted by his performance of 'Teddy Bear' and the title tune". Meanwhile, Steven H. Scheuer's Movies on TV lowered the rating to 2 stars out of 4. Scheuer opined that the film was "tailor-made for Presley and his tunes, the story matters little—too little, if one doesn't dig Elvis". Videohound's Golden Movie Retriever rated it with 2 bones out of 4. Michael Weldon, in Psychotronic Encyclopedia of Film, gave a positive review: "Elvis at his best, top-billed for the first time". Leslie Halliwell, in his Film and Video Guide, felt the opposite, giving zero stars out of 4, and dismissed it as an "empty-headed, glossy star vehicle".

Mick Martin's & Marsha Porter's DVD & Video Guide rated it with 3 stars out of 5. It described it as a "better-than-average Elvis Presley vehicle" and concluded that "the main attraction is Elvis singing his rock 'n' roll songs, including the title tune." Also assigning 3 stars (out of 5), The Motion Picture Guide opined "Loving You is one of Presley's better films. He gives a fine performance, both in the great concert scenes and in the dramatic ones; Hal Kanter directs with vigor".

title: Loving You (1957 film)


text: Category:Malian writers

title: Category:Malian writers


text:
Mousehold Heath

Mousehold Heath is a freely accessible area of heathland and woodland which lies to the north-east of the medieval city boundary of Norwich, in the English county of Norfolk.

The name also refers to the much larger area of open heath that once extended from Norwich almost to the Broads, and which was kept free of trees by both human activity and the action of animals grazing on saplings. This landscape was transformed by enclosure during the 19th century and has now largely disappeared, as almost all of it has since been converted into farmland or landscaped parks, reverted to woodland, or has been absorbed by the rapid expansion of Norwich and its surrounding villages, where new roads, shops, houses and industrial units have been built. The present Mousehold Heath consists of mostly broad-leaf woodland, with isolated areas of heath that are actively managed. It is home to a number of rare insects, birds and other vertebrates.

A chapel dedicated to William of Norwich (a local child who was murdered in 1144) was erected on the heath, of which little remains today. In 1549, Robert Kett camped on the heath with his followers, days before their uprising was suppressed by the authorities. The heath was in the past used by the local population to collect fuel, food and housing materials, as well as to extract sand, clay and gravel. Parts of it have previously been used as a cavalry training ground, a race course, a United States Army Air Forces base, an aerodrome and a prisoner-of-war camp. Nowadays the last remnant of the original Mousehold Heath, managed by Norwich City Council, is surrounded on all sides by housing and light industry.

Description
Mousehold Heath is a 184 acres public area of heathland, woodland and recreational open space to be found to the north of Norwich city centre. It is the largest of the nature reserves managed by Norwich City Council. It was once an area of heathland that extended to the north and east of Norwich, which has since been largely converted to woods and farmland, or lost to housing development.

Geology
The landscape of Mousehold Heath (as it was before enclosure occurred at the beginning of the 19th century) is part of an outwash plain created by fluvial processes. The geology of the area is complex, consisting of a set of vertical layers of glacial deposits from the Anglian Stage resting on a bedrock of Cretaceous chalk and the Norwich Crag Formation.

Chalk was deposited 75 million years ago, when the area was part of a warm, tropical sea. The chalk is now exposed near the southern tip of the heath at St James' Pit, which is an 8.6 acres geological Site of Special Scientific Interest and Geological Conservation Review site. About two million years ago sands, gravels, quartz pebbles and clays were deposited across the area of Norfolk that now includes the heath. Similar materials were deposited during a glacial period that occurred more than 475,000 years ago. Clay, sand and gravel was laid over Mousehold Heath about 425,000 years ago, caused by the movement of melted ice. The heath's present landscape was more recently formed as a result of erosion, caused by streams cutting through the soft rocks. It later became altered when silts were blown over the topsoil, when the ground churned as a result of temperature variations and when sludge layers moved downhill during warmer seasons.

Detailed information about the geological history of the present Mousehold Heath, in the form of a 'Heritage Trail' leaflet and accompanying notes for points around the trail, has been produced by Norwich City Council.

Etymology
Various ideas have been proposed for the origin of the heath's name. The old name Mushold is nowadays interpreted as meaning 'mouse wood': it was in the past thought the heath took its name from the Anglo-Saxon moch-holt ('thick wood'). John Stacy, writing in 1819, quoted earlier sources that derived the name from Moss-wold ('mossy hill') or – in his opinion, more probably – Monks-hold ('possessed by the monks').

Medieval times
Extensive areas of heathland developed across Norfolk towards the end of the prehistoric period. It largely reverted to woodland again after the end of the Roman occupation, reappearing as heath as the population increased. According to the Domesday Book, the original area of Mousehold Heath was still substantially wooded, but the landscape changed as more trees were felled for fuel, and it eventually became largely treeless. This landscape was maintained by animal grazing and human activity, with parts of it being ploughed into fields, known as 'brecks'. The name Mousehold originally referred to the 'holt' or wood that existed before it became an area of heathland.

St Leonard's Priory was founded on the heath close to the city boundary in around 1094, as a temporary home for the monks of the unfinished Norwich Cathedral, and as a way of establishing Norman control over a nearby chapel. The priory was demolished in 1538 and nothing of it now survives above ground.

In 1144 the body of a young apprentice boy called William was found on a part of the heath known at that time as Thorpe Wood. A false story was circulated that his death was the result of a 'ritual murder' carried out by local Jews. This was the first example in Europe of what became known as blood libel. The sheriff of Norwich succeeded in protecting the innocent Jewish population from persecution in the wake of an angry reaction from the local people. The boy later attained the status of saint and martyr, and a chapel, originally dedicated to St Catherine, was built where William's body was supposed to have been found. In 1168 it was rededicated as the chapel of St William in the Wood, and offerings continued to be made there until 1506. The overgrown remains of the site can be found on the northern edge of the present heath.

In 1381 the final battle of the Peasants' Revolt took place a few days after a huge meeting on the heath occurred on 17 June. There Geoffrey Litster, later to be defeated at the Battle of North Walsham, was proclaimed "King of the Commons".

1500-1810
In the Tudor period the heath, then almost treeless, was continuously open countryside that extended from Norwich to the edge of the Broads. The local population was free to collect wood from the heath, and to allow their stock to graze there. Small villages bordered the heath: the parish of Salhouse, which was agrarian in nature, was typical of them. It consisted of a small settlement situated within a landscape of well-drained heath on slightly higher land, a mixture of woodland, marsh, arable land, and meadows on lower ground. Nearby ancient placenames such as Mouseholdheath Farm, Mousehold Cottage and Mousehold Farm, are an indicator of the proximity of the heath to Salhouse at that time.

Kett's Rebellion began on 12 July 1549, during a period that became known as the 'commotion time'. Led by Robert Kett (a local landowner and tanner) and his brother, it grew from a protest about enclosures into a full-scale insurgency. It culminated in the capture of the city of Norwich (then the largest English city outside London) and the surrounding countryside, with the rebels holding control of the city for over a month, basing themselves at a camp on Mousehold Heath and establishing other camps around Norfolk. After unsuccessfully petitioning the authorities for fairer treatment, they were able to defeat an attempt to oust them by the Marquis of Northampton, but a much larger government army, led by John Dudley, Earl of Warwick, succeeded in regaining control of Norwich and forcing them to abandon their camp. Six weeks after the start of the uprising, the rebellion was crushed by Warwick's forces in a decisive engagement, with perhaps three thousand insurgents being killed. There is some uncertainty about the exact site of the battle, said to have occurred at 'Dussindale'.

Enclosure
Until the start of the 19th century, Mousehold Heath still stretched to Woodbastwick, as can be seen on Faden's 1797 map of Norfolk. A wide-open space crossed over with numerous paths and lanes, the heath dominated the countryside east of Norwich, and was entirely accessible to the local population. Self-interested landowners and city officials considered such an extensive area of uncultivated land as a prime target for development. As early as 1783 it was suggested that part of the heath near the city be made into a burial ground (an idea that was abandoned) and in 1792 there was a proposal to transform a large part of the heath into "pleasurable grounds". Those landowners whose large country houses were located around the borders of the heath pressed for the area to become enclosed. Rackheath's common land was the first to be lost to enclosure in 1799, when Rackheath Park was enlarged.

The entire heath was turned over to arable land and pasture by Parliamentary Enclosure Acts between 1799 and 1810, a process that produced long straight roads and new farms. There was little sympathy shown for the practical needs of the local population, many of whom became impoverished as they were increasingly denied access to the land. Parks surrounding large houses, such as at Sprowston, Rackheath, Thorpe St Andrew and Little Plumstead, became enlarged by the acquisition of land, and new views were created for their owners by the removal of existing woodland and the planting of new belts of trees.

1810–1914
Mousehold Heath was painted by a number of artists from the Norwich School of painters, including John Crome and John Sell Cotman, as well as other painters such as John Constable. They found heathland landscapes intriguing and depicted them on a regular basis, despite the views of agriculturalists, who considered such landscapes to be valueless wasteland. The Norwich School's depictions of Mousehold Heath lack human activity, animals or growing crops. The remoteness of Norfolk meant that few artists from outside the county could attempt to represent the heath. Many artists at the time preferred to depict what was considered to be the ideal form of landscape: lush, harmonious farming countryside containing pictorial devices such as woodland, which contrasted directly with the remote, barren environment of a heath such as Mousehold. The Norwich School witnessed the destruction of the heath following its enclosure, and their paintings of the heath would have brought back memories of a lost landscape.

In his autobiographical work Lavengro, George Borrow recorded his meetings with gypsies on the heath. The Norwich-born novelist and one-time Lord Mayor R. H. Mottram also valued the open space of Mousehold Heath. He once described it as "the property of those who have the privilege of Norwich birth". Public horse racing near Norwich first took place in 1838 and within a few years meetings were being held on a racecourse on Mousehold Heath.

Before the 20th century the heath was used to extract sand and gravel. Victorian Ordnance Survey maps of the area show that there were lime kilns, marl pits and brick kilns, in addition to numerous extensive gravel pits, across the unenclosed part of the heath to the north-east of the city. The remains of the diggings can be found today.

During much of the 19th century, the people of Pockthorpe, situated between Norwich's defensive walls and the heath, were relatively free from the control of local factory employers, being able to use Mousehold to graze their animals, and to collect food, fuel and raw materials for brick-making. The population of weavers, shop-keepers and labourers (as well as smugglers) was largely left to its own management, as local magistrates and the officials of Norwich Cathedral were more involved in city affairs. The people of Pockthorpe even parodied the authorities, for instance in electing their own 'mayor', and founding the Pockthorpe Guild in 1772. In 1844, in an attempt to preserve their traditional life, they began a campaign to establish full control over Mousehold Heath, for instance in forcing outsiders to accept a charge for taking materials off the land and making them use Pockthorpe men to do work on the heath. The Guild provided a number of benefits for the poor, but discriminated against people living in neighbouring communities. The twenty-five year-long campaign failed, even when for a period it was supported by members of Norwich's political class. The local population then resorted to behaving badly towards the newly created park, tearing notice boards, fighting and gambling in public, and consorting with the local regiment.

The ownership of the remaining heathland was transferred to the city authorities in 1880, when the Church of England donated the land to the Corporation of Norwich, on the assurance that it prevented "the continuance of trespasses nuisances and unlawful acts" and held the heath "for the advantage of lawful recreation". The Pockthorpe committee was defeated, and the people of Pockthorpe, now forced to obey restrictive byelaws, could no longer use any part of the heath to support themselves. As a result of this change in the use of the land, the unmanaged part of heath remained ungrazed and it reverted to woodland.

Despite strong local resistance, the 1884 Mousehold Heath Confirmation Act confirmed a local law establishing a number of 'conservators' to manage the transformation of the remaining part of the heath. The current managers are Norwich City Council and the Mousehold Heath Conservators.

The Britannia Barracks were built for the Norfolk Regiment on Mousehold Heath. After the Battle of Almansa in 1707, the regiment had been awarded the honour of wearing a figure of Britannia on their uniforms, and the new infantry barracks was named from the figure worn by the regiment. The main buildings were built between 1887 and 1897. The regiment left the barracks in 1959 when it amalgamated with the Suffolk Regiment to become the 1st East Anglian Regiment and moved to Bury St Edmunds. Most of the buildings subsequently became part of Norwich Prison.

During the Second World War, a prisoner-of-war camp for German workers was established close to the old airport. Its exact location has yet to be verified. On 12 February 1942, the pilot of a Hampden bomber returning to RAF North Luffenham was killed when the aircraft crashed-landed on Mousehold Heath whilst attempting to reach Horsham St Faith, and on 25 July that year a Bristol Beaufort crashed on the heath, killing the crew of four.

Mousehold Heath airfield
In October 1914 an old cavalry training drill ground on the heath was taken over by the Royal Flying Corps and converted into an aerodrome. It was used by several local firms in connection with aircraft production, including Boulton & Paul. Boulton & Paul employed up to 3000 people in assembling aircraft in Norwich, many of whom were women brought in to supplement the workforce. The women were trained in basic engineering skills in a specially provided training school. From October 1915, when the first aircraft was completed, over 2,500 machines were built by the company.

In 1918 the Norwich Electric Tramways service from the city centre to Mousehold Heath was extended from Gurney Road to enable equipment and materials to run between Norwich railway station and the aerodrome. The Norfolk & Norwich Aero Club was formed at Mousehold in 1927. From 1933 until the onset of the Second World War the aerodrome was the first Norwich Airport, with four grass landing strips.

The airfield continued to be used until around 1950. Much of the old aerodrome was then built over when the Heartsease housing estate was created, but some of the airfield buildings survived and are now within the Roundtree Way industrial estate.

The heath in recent years
Today there are numerous tracks and paths all over the remaining 184 acres of Mousehold Heath. There are two football pitches, a pitch and putt course, a restaurant, a bandstand and several parking areas. Various events are held there, including concerts, guided walks, conservation initiatives, football matches and fundraising events. A single road, Gurney Road, passes through the middle of the heath. The original Ranger's house has been bought for renovation and restoration.

Vinegar Pond, which was created by quarrying and subsequent wartime activity, is an important site for breeding frogs. It is fed by rain water and so has a tendency to dry out when the weather is hot. In the heatwave and drought of August 2022 hundreds of goldfish were humanely removed from the pond where they had been dumped and had bred, feeding on the native amphibian species. 1946 aerial photographs of the area show the pond existed at this time, but it does not feature on earlier large-scale maps.

In 1984 a new Mousehold Heath Act became law. In 1992 the bandstand by the football ground was rebuilt by the Mousehold Defenders using locally raised funds.

The 67 acre Harrison's Wood, which was once originally part of the heath before it was enclosed and turned into a tree plantation, was opened to the public in May 2016. It lies within the White House Farm housing development.

At the start of 2019 a draft version of the new Mousehold Heath Management Plan was made available online for public consultation. The Management Plan aimed to increase the safety and security of Mousehold Heath, increase the cleanliness of the heath and to safeguard the historic aspects and buildings of the heath among other aims.

On 22 April 2019, a body was found in the heath. After investigation, the body was identified as that of Mark Sewell, 37, who had committed suicide by hanging.

Wildlife
Mousehold Heath is a designated Local Nature Reserve, and a County Wildlife Site. Conservation management work has begun to restore the condition of the existing heathland and restore areas lost to woodland and scrub, so preserving a large number of scarce species present on the heathland. As grazing livestock cannot be used to remove encroaching woodland and so restore Mousehold's heathland areas, the Mousehold Heath Wardens, volunteers and contractors clear the woodland. Humus is removed so that heather species (Calluna vulgaris and Erica cinerea) can re-establish themselves from seed. Gorse, broom and saplings are removed and volunteers systematically 'bruise' the bracken with sticks, to reduce growth in future years.

A variety of different vertebrates live on Mousehold Heath. Amphibians include the common frog and the common toad, while reptiles include the grass snake, the common lizard and the slowworm. Mammals on the heath include muntjac and roe deer, red fox, rabbits and various small rodents. As well as most common urban birds, the heath holds breeding sparrowhawks and tawny owls, as well as nuthatches, treecreepers and great spotted woodpeckers. The heath is rich in invertebrates and is home to a number of rare butterflies, bees and other insects. Recorded species include the ruby-tailed wasp, digger wasp, green hairstreak butterfly, mottled grasshopper and tiger green beetle.

Heathland plants to be found on Mousehold Heath include Sheep's Sorrel, bracken, Wavy Hair-grass, Mossy Stonecrop, Trailing St John's-wort, Common Cudweed and Viper's Bugloss.

title: Mousehold Heath


text:
Dylan Ratigan

Dylan Jason Ratigan (born April 19, 1972) is an American businessman, author, film producer, former host of MSNBC's The Dylan Ratigan Show and political commentator for The Young Turks. He was a candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives in New York's 21st Congressional District. He is a former contributor to The Huffington Post.

The former Global Managing Editor for Corporate Finance at Bloomberg L.P., Ratigan has developed and launched more than six broadcast and new media properties. They include CNBC's Fast Money and Closing Bell, as well as DylanRatigan.com, which hosts his podcast, Greedy Bastards Antidote. From 2009 to 2012, Ratigan hosted The Dylan Ratigan Show, the highest-rated non-prime time show on MSNBC, aimed at critiquing what Ratigan described as an unholy alliance between big business and government. His first book, Greedy Bastards, was released in 2012, and spent five consecutive weeks on The New York Times Best Sellers List. In 2017, he joined The Young Turks as a political commentator.

In 2018, Ratigan was a candidate for the Democratic nomination for the United States House of Representatives in NY's 21st congressional district, which he lost to Tedra Cobb.

Early life
Ratigan was born in the village of Saranac Lake, in upstate New York, the son of Adrienne (née Dodge), a psychotherapist, and John Ratigan. His grandfather, Frank Ratigan, was mayor of Saranac Lake from 1957 to 1961.

Ratigan is of Irish (father), Hungarian Jewish (maternal grandfather) and Italian (maternal grandmother) descent. He was raised by his single mother. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political economy from Union College of Union University in Schenectady, where he was a member of the crew team.

Journalism career
Ratigan was the Global Managing Editor for Corporate Finance at Bloomberg News Service, and before that had covered Mergers and Acquisitions, the U.S. Stock Market and IPOs. At Bloomberg, he co-created and hosted Morning Call for Bloomberg's cable network and the USA Network. He was a contributor to ABC News and his articles have appeared in The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Miami Herald and Chicago Tribune.

Ratigan was the host of Fast Money (co-created with Susan Krakower and launching on June 21, 2006). Previously, he was the first anchor of CNBC's On the Money. He also anchored the CNBC TV program Bullseye for about a year and a half. In addition to his former duties as co-anchor on Closing Bell, Ratigan was a rotating co-anchor of The Call.

Ratigan left as host of Fast Money in 2009, provoked by outrage over the government's handling of the 2008 financial crisis. Since then, he has dedicated his work to launching platforms that engage and debate the U.S. government on policy, while opening the door for millions to learn more about money's often poisonous role in democracy. The New York Times reported he was considering all options but quoted him as saying he was dedicated to covering the economy, "the story that is affecting every American in every setting."

Morning Meeting launched June 29, 2009. Ratigan also contributes to other NBC News programs. Ratigan described the show's imperative as "to discuss any and all political issues with no directive other than to provide compelling content." The show was the second ever on the network to air in HD, as the network launched their programming in that format.

On May 27, 2010, Ratigan appeared as a guest host on the daily internet news and opinion show, The Young Turks. Cenk Uygur, regular host of The Young Turks was a frequent guest on The Dylan Ratigan Show. On January 9, 2012, he appeared as a guest on The Rachel Maddow Show on MSNBC, discussing the premise of his book, Greedy Bastards, viz. the swindling and robbing of America by "government corruption and corporate communism, incensed by banksters shaking down taxpayers, and despairing of an ailing health care system, an age-old dependency on foreign oil, and a failing educational system".

The final episode of The Dylan Ratigan Show was on June 22, 2012.

Ratigan appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show in 2008 to discuss the financial crisis. He has also appeared on The Colbert Report with Stephen Colbert and Late Night with Conan O'Brien.

Reporting
Ratigan won the Gerald Loeb Award for 2004 coverage of the Enron scandal.

In Ratigan's final CNBC broadcast from the floor of the NYSE he reported on what he called "an important story developing" that Goldman Sachs and "a variety of European banks," in his assessment and that of his guests, essentially "perpetrated securities fraud" and an "insurance fraud scam" against AIG — and, by extension, the government and taxpayers funding that insurance company's "bailout" — by insuring their questionable investment vehicles and, upon their devaluation, making claims on them to be paid by AIG "at 100 cents on the dollar" despite all of the markdowns "being forced upon every other" entity including the government, banks, shareholders, bond holders, taxpayers and homeowners.

2011 Speech
On the August 10, 2011, broadcast of The Dylan Ratigan Show, in a round table discussion of a sharp stock market drop following the Budget Control Act of 2011, Ratigan made a two-minute-long speech against what he perceived to be the state of politics in the United States government, saying:

The video of his impassioned speech went viral TV Newser wrote that it was "a powerful, emotional editorial on the economy and Washington".

Post-television career
Since leaving MSNBC, Ratigan has become involved with hydroponic farming. He is the founder of Helical Holdings.

In 2013, he made appearances on The Daily Show and Charlie Rose to discuss his hydroponic farming project employing military veterans.

In 2018, Ratigan unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination to challenge Republican incumbent Elise Stefanik in NY's 21st congressional district. Ratigan said that he has never voted in an election, claiming a "disgust" with "two choices that are available to" him. Ratigan lost the Democratic primary election, to Tedra Cobb, but won a write-in campaign for the Women's Equality Party nomination in the same district by getting two votes (two other write-in candidates got one vote each). The chair of the Women's Equality Party, Susan Zimet, announced efforts to stop Ratigan from running on the party's ballot line to prevent the party from being a spoiler.

Following the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Ratigan established the US Medical Glove Company, of which he became CEO. The company, which is based at a former Caterpillar factory in Montgomery, Illinois, has a stated aim of helping to reduce US dependence on imports of medical gloves from East Asia, whilst providing high-paying manufacturing jobs.

Since January 2022, Ratigan has co-hosted a weekly podcast with Tom Sosnoff titled “Truth or Skepticism” focusing on finance and macroeconomics.

title: Dylan Ratigan


text:
Diverticular disease

Diverticular disease is when problems occur due to diverticulosis, a benign condition defined by the formation of pouches (diverticula) from weak spots in the wall of the large intestine. This disease spectrum includes diverticulitis, symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD), and segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis (SCAD). The most common symptoms across the disease spectrum are abdominal pain and bowel habit changes such as diarrhea or constipation. Otherwise, diverticulitis presents with systemic symptoms such as fever and elevated white blood cell count whereas SUDD and SCAD do not. Treatment ranges from conservative bowel rest to medications such as antibiotics, antispasmodics, acetaminophen, mesalamine, rifaximin, and corticosteroids depending on the specific conditions.

Signs and symptoms
The signs and symptoms of diverticular disease stem from inflammation and irritation of the colonic tissues, which can manifest as:

 * Abdominal pain that may be persistent for days. Pain is typically located in the left lower quadrant. However, in people of Asian descent, pain is reported more on the right side.
 * Diarrhea
 * Constipation
 * Nausea and vomiting
 * Fever
 * Rectal bleeding

Diverticulitis
Acute diverticulitis is thought to arise from either trauma or lack of blood flow to the existing diverticulum in the colon.

 * The traumatic theory proposes that a fecalith, which is a hardened fecal matter, becomes trapped in a diverticulum, leading to colonic mucosa abrasion and local inflammation. Subsequent bacterial overgrowth and infection spreads from the mucosal wall to full bowel wall, eventually leading to bowel perforation.
 * In the ischemic theory, it is thought that long standing colonic contraction causes blood vessel compression at the diverticular neck, leading to ischemia, inflammatory response, and perforation. These long standing contractions are attributed to lower choline acetyltransferase activity in the colonic circular muscle layer.

Complicated acute diverticulitis is distinguished from uncomplicated diverticulitis by the presence of abscess or colonic perforation.

Chronic smoldering diverticulitis is caused by recurrent acute diverticulitis that does not respond to medical treatment but does not progress to complications such as abscess, peritonitis, enteric fistula, or bowel obstruction.

Symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease
Similar to the diverticulitis ischemia theory above, SUDD is thought to be caused by sustained colonic contraction leading to mucosal ischemia within the diverticulum. However, SUDD occurs when only abdominal pain with bowel habit change is present, without any other systemic symptoms of diverticulitis like fever, elevated white blood cell count, elevated C-reactive protein.

Low grade inflammation of the colonic mucosa within the diverticulum and visceral hypersensitivity are also thought to cause SUDD.

Segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis
SCAD, also known as diverticular colitis, is when there is mucosal inflammation in a colonic segment with diverticulosis that may or may not have evidence of diverticulitis, or inflammation within or around a diverticulum itself. The involved colonic segment is mostly confined to the sigmoid. The cause is currently unknown. It is thought to be multi-factorial, including colonic ischemia secondary to old age and other cardiovascular risk factors, diverticulosis causing mucosal prolapse, fecal stasis and subsequent microbiome disturbance, eventually leading to inflammation of the colon segment.

Risk Factors
Many risk factors contribute to the development and severity of diverticular disease, such as

 * Advanced age – diverticular disease typically presents in the sixth decade of life.
 * Colonic wall structure – points of blood vessel entry in the colonic wall are weaker and more prone to mucosal herniation.
 * Fiber intake – although it is widely believed that low fiber diet is associated with diverticulosis and diverticular disease, recent studies have not confirmed the association but has shown that increased fiber intake reduces diverticular disease complications.
 * NSAIDs and Aspirin use – these drugs have been shown to increase risk of diverticular bleeding and diverticulitis complications such as diverticular perforation.
 * Genetics – over 30 susceptibility loci have been identified for diverticular disease, including ARHGAP15, COLQ, and FAM155A.
 * Vitamin D – although the mechanism is unclear, recent studies have shown that vitamin D insufficient patients have higher risk of complicated diverticulitis.

Diverticulitis
Diverticulitis typically presents with tenderness in the left lower abdomen, fever, bowel habit changes such as constipation or diarrhea. Laboratory abnormalities include elevated white blood count and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Imaging via computed tomography (CT) is the standard for diagnosing diverticulitis and evaluating potential complications.

Symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease
SUDD clinically presents with left lower abdominal pain and bowel habit changes (predominantly diarrhea). The pain is chronic and does not improve with bowel movement, which distinguishes SUDD from irritable bowel syndrome. There is no systemic inflammation in SUDD, evident by lack of fever, normal white blood count and inflammatory markers. Fecal calprotectin is increased and can be used to correlate with the severity of symptoms.

Segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis
SCAD typically presents with rectal bleeding with or without bowel habit changes. Fever is usually absent. Unlike other diverticular diseases, SCAD symptoms spontaneously resolve on its own without or with very limited pharmaceutical intervention. Endoscopic evaluation and biopsy are needed for diagnosis. They should show evidence of inflammation in the mucosa in-between diverticula, with sparing of the rectum and proximal colon. Histopathological features of SCAD include tumor necrosis factor alpha overexpression and absence of granuloma. Laboratory workup would return normal white blood count, negative serological markers and negative anti-Saccheromyces cervisiae antibodies, distinguishing SCAD from autoimmune and other inflammatory bowel diseases.

Diverticulitis
Uncomplicated diverticulitis is generally treated conservatively with bowel rest and no antibiotics given recent studies have shown that antibiotics are likely not necessary. Complicated diverticulitis is treated with antibiotics and may require surgical interventions such as abscess drainage or fistula repair. Pain is managed with antispasmodics or acetaminophen, rather than NSAIDs (ibuprofen, aspirin, etc.).

Antibiotics should be used selectively in most cases of uncomplicated diverticulitis. However, antibiotic use is strongly advised in immunocompromised patients.

Colonoscopy is recommended 6–8 weeks after an episode of complicated diverticulitis or a first-ever episode of diverticulitis. The purpose of the procedure is to confirm diagnosis of diverticular disease and rule out other conditions like cancer. Elective segmental colectomy can be considered in selective group of patients to reduce risk of recurrent diverticulitis. However, the procedure does not completely eliminate the risk of recurrence.

Symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease
Currently there is no supported effective treatment for SUDD. Anti-inflammatory agent mesalamine and non-absorbable antibiotic rifaximin might improve symptoms and prevent acute diverticulitis. Probiotics could also be used to reduce symptoms but there is currently insufficient supporting evidence.

Segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis
SCAD is a benign and self-limited condition that resolves on its own. In ongoing or recurrent cases, medical treatments with antibiotics, mesalamine, and corticosteroids might be required.

title: Diverticular disease


text:
Alpha Mandé Diarra

Alpha Mande Diarra is a Malian author, born in 1954. He studied veterinary medicine in France at the Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort. (National Veterinary School at Alfort in Maisons-Alfort, Val-de-Marne, France) He is a practicing veterinarian at Bamako and Fara in his native Mali.

title: Alpha Mandé Diarra


text: User talk:204.38.172.102

title: User talk:204.38.172.102


text:
E.S.P. (Miles Davis album)

E.S.P. is an album by Miles Davis, recorded on January 20–22, 1965 and released on August 16 of that year by Columbia Records. It is the first release from what is known as Davis's second great quintet: Davis on trumpet, Wayne Shorter on tenor saxophone, Herbie Hancock on piano, Ron Carter on bass, and Tony Williams on drums. The album was named after a tune by Shorter, and was inspired by the fact that, "since Wayne Shorter's arrival, the five members of the quintet seemed to communicate by mental telepathy."

Background
The album represented a departure from Davis's previous recordings in that it does not include any ballads or standards. Davis contributed one composition ("Agitation", which the quintet would often play live, as they did at the Plugged Nickel dates later that year), and co-wrote two pieces with Carter ("Eighty-One" and "Mood"). Carter also contributed "R.J.", while Hancock was represented by "Little One", which would appear on his album Maiden Voyage, recorded roughly two months later. Shorter, having been told to "bring the book" (referring to his growing book of original compositions), is credited for the title track and "Iris". Originally, the rights to the title track were shared between Davis and Shorter, but Davis returned all the rights in later years.

A number of the pieces on the album challenge standard 32-measure forms: "Mood", for example, has a 13-bar form, while "R.J." is 19 bars in length. All of the pieces were either modified by Davis or collectively reworked by the group at the session. Hancock recalled how Davis approached "Eighty-One": "Miles took the first two bars of melody notes and squished them together, and he took out other areas to leave a big space that only the rhythm section would play. To me, it sounded like getting to the essence of the composition. He'd take the inherent structure and leave us room to breathe and create something fresh every night. There were the basic elements of the song, but not used exactly as they were in the composition."

E.S.P. was recorded at Columbia's Hollywood Studios following a falling-out between Davis and Teo Macero after the release of Quiet Nights. It was the last album bearing a photo of Davis's then-wife Frances on the cover, as the couple would separate by the end of 1965 as a result of Davis's erratic and violent behaviour.

Reception
Kenny Dorham reviewed the album in the December 1965 issue of DownBeat, awarding it 4.5 out of 5 stars, but commented: "Emotionally, as a whole, this one is lacking. It's mostly brain music... This type of music has that drone thing that I don't like, but because of the almost flawless presentation, I give five stars—but only four stars for the writing and effort—and no stars for the over-all sound. E.S.P. music in general is monotonous—one long drone."

Recent commentators have been more positive overall. Stanley Crouch wrote: "the music still sounds fresh. The trumpeter was in superb form, able to execute quickstep swing at fleet tempi with volatile penetration, to put the weight of his sound on mood pieces, to rear his way up through the blues with a fusion of bittersweet joy and what Martin Williams termed 'communal anguish.' The rhythm section played with a looseness that pivots off Williams's cymbal splashes and unclinched rhythms, Carter walking some of the most impressive bass lines of the day, and Hancock developing his own version of the impressionism that Evans was making popular." Davis biographer John Szwed wrote: "The mixture of the abstract and the earthy that Davis had so often seemed to be reaching for began to take shape with this record. Wayne Shorter's ease with indeterminate melodies and his eagerness to join the rhythm section in churning up the music to the point that it threatened to break loose from the traditions of jazz gave Davis the space he needed to reexamine his own playing."

In a review for AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine commented: "ESP marks the beginning of a revitalization for Miles Davis, as his second classic quintet... gels, establishing what would become their signature adventurous hard bop. Miles had been moving toward this direction in the two years preceding the release of ESP and he had recorded with everyone outside of Shorter prior to this record, but his addition galvanizes the group, pushing them toward music that was recognizably bop but as adventurous as jazz's avant-garde. Outwardly, this music doesn't take as many risks as Coltrane or Ornette Coleman's recordings of the mid-'60s, but by borrowing some of the same theories -- a de-emphasis of composition in favor of sheer improvisation, elastic definitions of tonality -- they created a unique sound that came to define the very sound of modern jazz... The compositions are brilliantly structured as well, encouraging such free-form exploration with their elliptical yet memorable themes. This quintet may have cut more adventurous records, but ESP remains one of their very best albums."

Brian Morton noted: "E.S.P. is... the first record on which Miles seems to be flirting with rock. 'Eighty-One' has a strong backbeat, and the kind of regular, repetitive bass line and percussion that was characteristic of funk, and still considered somewhat infra dig in jazz. Any suggestion that Miles only began to explore a rock idiom on 1970's Bitches Brew misses the mark by a good four years."

Track listing
Columbia – CS 9150

Personnel

 * Miles Davis – trumpet
 * Wayne Shorter – tenor saxophone
 * Herbie Hancock – piano
 * Ron Carter – bass
 * Tony Williams – drums
 * Technical
 * Irving Townsend – producer
 * Bob Cato – cover photography

title: E.S.P. (Miles Davis album)


text:
User:Greggy~enwiki

This account has been blocked as a vandalism-only account.

title: User:Greggy~enwiki


text:
Ibrahima Aya

Ibrahima Aya (born 10 October 1967 in Goundam, Mali) is a Malian writer.

Biography
Ibrahima Aya studied agronomy in the Moldavian SSR. He became an agronomist, notable for an integrated lake development project, and a consultant for the organisation for Malian aid and development, Aide et Développement au Mali. Since 2001, he has worked as an independent consultant.

In addition to his development work Ibrahima Aya devotes himself to writing. In 2001, he published Le vieux pagne ("The Old Pagne"), and in 2002 Riche ou pauvre pour un mois ("Rich or Poor For a Month").

Since July 2002, he contributes monthly to the Malian daily L'Essor. Some of his writings describe an imaginary world pieced together from various facts; others portray ordinary village goings-on. An anthology of his work has been compiled.

Ibrahima Aya is president of the association La Jeune Société du Savoir ("The young society of knowledge"). She participated in Retour de Bamako III.

title: Ibrahima Aya


text:
Leah Isadora Behn

Leah Isadora Behn (born 8 April 2005) is a member of the Norwegian Royal family. She is the second daughter of Princess Märtha Louise of Norway and her late former husband Ari Behn, and a grandchild of King Harald V and Queen Sonja of Norway. She is the sixth in the line of succession to the Norwegian throne, after her sister Maud Angelica.

Although Behn and her sisters are members of the royal family, they hold no royal titles, are private citizens, and are free to pursue other interests more than their cousins who do hold titles. Some of Behn's public activities include modeling, photography, and makeup tutorials. She has her own YouTube channel as well as a TikTok page where she talks about her life and interests.

Life
The second daughter of Princess Märtha Louise, Behn was born at Bloksbjerg, her mother's summer residence on the island of Hankø, Norway.

On 16 June 2005, she was christened in the chapel of the Royal Palace, Oslo. Her godparents were Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands, her mother's friends Gry Brusletto and Katharina Salbu, her father's brother Espen Bjørshol, her father's friend Jon Andreas Håtun, and Didrik Vigsnæs, the husband of Princess Märtha Louise's bridesmaid and second cousin Marianne Ulrichsen. Behn's grandmother, Queen Sonja, carried her to the baptismal font. The christening made headlines around the world when Behn's mother, Märtha Louise, revealed that the name Leah had been inspired by the Star Wars character Princess Leia. Märtha Louise said in an interview with the newspaper Aftenposten, "I must admit that I have always been a big 'Star Wars' fan, and Princess Leia has always been the most beautiful in the whole world".

Behn has an older sister, Maud Angelica, and a younger one, Emma Tallulah. The family lived in Islington, London, then in New York, and finally in Lommedalen, a valley outside Oslo.

On 5 August 2016, Behn’s parents started divorce proceedings, intending to share custody of their daughters, and the divorce was finalized in 2017. Her father, Ari Behn, died by suicide on Christmas Day, 2019. His funeral service was held in Oslo Cathedral. In April 2021, her mother revealed that she was planning to move to the United States with Behn and her sisters when the problems of COVID-19 were out of the way, but they did not.

In 2022, Behn became the first Norwegian debutante to be presented at Le Bal des débutantes in Paris.

title: Leah Isadora Behn


text:
Carl Dennis

Carl Dennis (born September 17, 1939) is an American poet and educator. His book Practical Gods won the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for poetry.

Life and work
Born in St. Louis, Missouri, on September 17, 1939, Dennis attended Oberlin College and the University of Chicago before receiving his bachelor's degree from the University of Minnesota in 1961. In 1966, Dennis received his Ph.D. in English literature from the University of California, Berkeley. That same year he became an assistant professor of English at University at Buffalo, where he has spent most of his career; in 2002, he became an artist-in-residence there. Dennis has also served on the faculty of the graduate program at Warren Wilson College.

Dennis has received several prizes for his poetry in addition to the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, including a Fellowship at the Rockefeller Study Center in Bellagio, Italy, a Guggenheim Fellowship (1984), a National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship in Poetry (1988), and the Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize (2000).

Dennis is the brother of American composer Robert Dennis.

Dennis's poetry
Dennis writes often of quotidian, middle-class life, but beneath the modest, reasonably lighted surfaces of the poems lie unexpected possibilities that create contrast and vibrancy. An example from his 1984 collection The Near World is "The Man on My Porch Makes Me an Offer," which begins:

 * "Above all houses in our town
 * I've always loved this blue one you own
 * With its round turret and big bay window.
 * Do you dream about it the way I do?
 * Wouldn't you be just as happy
 * On a street with more trees
 * In a larger house, whose columned porch
 * Impresses every passer-by?
 * Does it seem fair that you've won the right
 * To gaze from these windows your whole life
 * Merely because you saw them first,
 * And consign me to a life of envy?"

William Slaughter has given a close reading of this poem in an essay comparing poems by William Stafford, Dennis, and Louis Simpson. The form of Dennis's poem - a plainspoken, dramatic monologue - is fairly characteristic of his poetry. In the poem "Progressive Health" (from Practical Gods) Dennis uses a similar approach for a proposition that is a bioethicist's nightmare.

In some of his more recent poems, Dennis invokes guardian angels and other domestic deities to animate his poetry. In his 2004 review, David Orr wrote: ""In 'The God Who Loves You,' his strongest poem in this vein, Dennis avoids bathos by deftly changing the focus from our own anguish at missed opportunities to the grief of the god who loves us. As the poet reminds us:

 * The difference between what is
 * And what could have been will remain alive for him
 * Even after you cease existing, after you catch a chill
 * Running out in the snow for the morning paper
 * Losing eleven years that the god who loves you
 * Will feel compelled to imagine scene by scene.

Dennis's language here is so quiet and straightforward that when he alters course yet again to imagine the transformation of a god in the mind of his reader, the change seems natural. This is public poetry that sounds private -- an achievement that's easy to underestimate.""

In his 1984 review, Tom Sleigh addressed the originality of Dennis's art: ""The reader feels hemmed in by Mr. Dennis's laconic truths because they make visible the narrow cage of circumstance and contingency in which we live. Many poets attempt this, but how many succeed? His distinctive force originates in his insidious determination to stay inside that cage, to map it inch by inch and find there - or nowhere - the justifications for human action.""

title: Carl Dennis


text:
Moussa Konaté

Moussa Konaté (1951 – 30 November 2013) was a Malian writer who was born in Kita. He died in Limoges on 30 November 2013.

A graduate in Humanities at Mali's Ecole Normale Supérieure of Bamako, he was a teacher for several years before turning to writing. He is the founder of Editions Le Figuier (Prickly Pear Publishing) and the director of the Association Etonnants voyageurs Afrique (Amazing Travellers Africa Association) and, along with Michel Le Bris, was the Mali manager of the Festival Etonnants voyageurs, an international book fair in Saint-Malo.

Novels

 * L'Empreinte du renard, Fayard, 2006.
 * L’assassin du Banconi, suivi de L’Honneur des Keita, Editions Gallimard, Paris, 2002.
 * Goorgi, Editions Le Figuier, Bamako, Mali, 1998.
 * Les Saisons, Editions Samana, Bamako, Mali, 1990.
 * Fils du chaos, L’Harmattan, Paris, 1986.
 * Une Aube incertaine, Présence Africaine, Paris, 1985.
 * Le Prix de l’âme, Présence Africaine, Paris, 1981.

Stories

 * Sitan, la petite imprudente, Editions Le Figuier, Bamako, Mali, 1997.
 * Barou et sa méchante marâtre, Editions Le Figuier, Bamako, Mali, 1997.
 * L’Hyene et le Malin Fafa, Editions Le Figuier, Bamako, Mali, 1997.
 * Les Trois gourmands, Editions Le Figuier, Bamako, Mali, 1997.

Youth topics

 * La Savonnière, Editions Le Figuier, Bamako, Mali, 2003.
 * La Potière, Editions Le Figuier, Bamako, Mali, 2003.
 * La Fileuse, Editions Le Figuier, Bamako, Mali, 2003.

Social, politics

 * Mali–Ils ont assassiné l’espoir, essai, L’Harmattan, Paris, 1985.
 * Chronique d’une journée de répression, L’Harmattan, Paris, 1988.
 * Le casier judiciaire, nouvelle publiée dans le recueil La Voiture est dans la piroge publié par les Editions Le Bruit des Autres.

Plays

 * Khasso, (2004)
 * Un Appel de nuit (1995)
 * Un Monde immobile (1994)
 * L’Or du diable (1985)
 * Le Cercle au féminin (1985)
 * Le dernier pas

Films

 * Un Mali d'écrivains 2001. Films du Horla (Les)/France 3 Production Lille

title: Moussa Konaté


text:
Chattanooga Choo-Choo Hotel

The Chattanooga Choo-Choo (formerly known as Terminal Station) in Chattanooga, Tennessee, is a former railroad station once owned and operated by the Southern Railway. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the station operated as a hotel from 1973 to 2023, and was a member of Historic Hotels of America, part of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. The two-floor hotel building, once called The MacArthur building, was renovated and renamed in 2023 to The Hotel Chalet by Trestle Studio, a Chicago-based development group.

History

The first Chattanooga Union Station was built in 1858 and demolished in the early 1900s.

An initial plan for a smaller facility to handle supplies and small packages was rejected in favor of a grand station to handle passengers as well. Construction on this Terminal Station began in 1906; it was opened in 1909 at the total cost of $1.5 million.

The Terminal Station was the first train station in the South to help open a pathway to connect the north from the south, connecting the city of Cincinnati to Chattanooga. Eventually, the Terminal Station was serving some fifty passenger trains per day plus some freight and package service.

It has greeted United States presidents Woodrow Wilson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Theodore Roosevelt.

Decline
Chattanooga was no exception to the general decline in American railroad passenger traffic after World War II. In 1949, the Southern canceled its Florida Sunbeam, an express train that connected Chattanooga to Detroit, Cincinnati, and Jacksonville, Florida.

Traffic continued to decline amid competition from automobiles and airplanes in the 1950s and 1960s. One by one, the Southern cancelled its trains, which included the Pelican, connecting New York and New Orleans; Ponce de Leon, Cincinnati-Jacksonville; Royal Palm, Cincinnati-Miami; and Tennessean, Memphis-Washington, D.C. As passenger traffic declined, the railroad began using the station's platforms for storage.

In 1970, Southern cancelled its last passenger train to Chattanooga—the Birmingham Special, from New York City to Birmingham—and closed Terminal Station. Plans were laid for its demolition.

Restoration

Instead, a group of business people seeking to trade on the "Chattanooga Choo Choo" song and its enduring popularity decided to reopen the station as a hotel. They poured more than $4 million into a renovation and reopened it in April 1973 as the Chattanooga Choo Choo Hilton and Entertainment Complex.

In 1989, another group of business people invested another $4 million to refurbish and renovate the hotel and to bring in and hire new management and staff. They renamed it The Chattanooga Choo Choo Hotel.

The 24 acre complex was a convention center, hotel and resort with restaurants, shops and a model railroad setup that was operated by the Chattanooga Area Model Railroad Club (now disbanded) on the second floor of the property. Hotel guests could stay in restored passenger railway cars. In 2017, the two rear buildings of the hotel were renovated, turned into small apartments, and renamed Passenger Flats.

The train tracks have mostly been removed to accommodate the growth of the city. The modern Chattanooga Choo Choo Hotel is adorned with a bright neon miniature sign version of the trains that once visited. The hotel is surrounded and fenced in by rose gardens and includes an additional area for educational historic trolley rides as well as an outdoor ice skating rink during the cold winter months. There are several restaurants, a comedy club and the Gate 11 micro-distillery at Terminal Station, including a restaurant co-owned by actor Norman Reedus. It also once featured the "Dinner in the Diner" dining car restaurant, which is no longer operating. Some parts of the complex were connected by a heritage streetcar line, operated by a 1924-built ex-New Orleans Perley Thomas trolley car originally numbered #959; this has been discontinued.

In 2022, the complex's owners launched a second renovation, which started with the demolition of one of the passenger cars and the removal of others. Officials said that eight of the train cars will be moved next to the hotel, nine will be moved among the Gardens, and six will be donated to the Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum. The renovation was slated for completion in mid-2023, when the hotel is to reopen with "127 rooms, including 25 Pullman train car rooms".

Architecture and pop culture

The Beaux-Arts-style station designed by Donn Barber remains one of the grandest buildings in Chattanooga, with an arched main entrance leading to a center section with an 82 ft ceiling dome with a skylight.

The station included a main waiting room, bathrooms, ticket offices, and other services for passengers. The original Terminal Station was merely one story in height, so the aforementioned dome and skylight made this area look gargantuan in juxtaposition to other similar buildings, while the arched main entrance was said to be the "largest arch in the world." Lighting was provided by large brass chandeliers. Terminal Station had 14 train tracks serving seven passenger platforms. The then-president of the Southern Railway System, William Finley, wanted the architecture to recall the National Park Bank of New York.

The 1941 Glenn Miller song "Chattanooga Choo Choo" told the story of a train trip from Track 29 at Pennsylvania Station in New York City through Baltimore, North and South Carolina, and finishing the trip at Terminal Station. (No such train actually operated.)

title: Chattanooga Choo-Choo Hotel


text:
Garey

Garey may refer to:

First name
 * Garey Bies, a Republican Party member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
 * Garey Bridges, a British actor
 * Garey Forster, US radio host and politician
 * Garey Ingram, baseball player
 * Garey Mathurin, West Indian cricketer

Surname
 * Alva Garey, Wisconsin, USA, soldier, politician
 * Enoch Barton Garey, Maryland, USA, soldier, policeman, and writer
 * Jason Garey, an American soccer player
 * Michael Garey, a computer science researcher and author

Places
 * Garey, California, a small town in the United States
 * The Garey, a small rural request stop on the northern section of the Manx Electric Railway on the Isle of Man

title: Garey