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Talk:Bam Margera

Past sponsors
Bam Margera was Sponsored by Converse shoes.He is well known for his Lazer Flip of the 5,000 stairs that Alli Boulala stuck.I've noticed in the section entitled "Skateboarding career" that no one added that Bam was sponsored by Toy Machine. He even had his own part in the "Jump Off of a Building" video which was released around the time of CKY:Landspeed in 1999. In the music video for 96 Quite Bitter Beings a Toy Machine sticker can be clearly found on one the guitars. If you ever seen "Jump Off of a Building" you will also notice that Elissa Steamer( who now rides for Zero Skatebords) and Kerry Getz also appears in this video. Here is a picture of Toy Machine's ex-skaters courtesy of Toy Machine:

I'm not 100% sure but I believe Bam was also sponsered by Volcom around this time as well but I need to do more extentsive research.

Im100% sure he was sponsered by Volcom Batistadx 20:07, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

This section in particular lacks facts on past sponsers, only having facts for current sponsers he rides for.

Someone should add his old sponsors like fairmans, volcom and toy machine. toy machine was the company where he turned pro on, they helped him a lot getting big in skateboard business. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 145.253.90.242 (talk) 13:58, 14 January 2010 (UTC)

First spotted Bam in the 1993 skate video "lick" by H-Street. It's a short part. 203.206.38.119 (talk) 05:45, 25 June 2011 (UTC)

Jenn drama removed
I removed some of the "rumor and drama" concerning Bam's girlfriend which seemed to be largely POV. I don't know enough about it to present it in a NPOV fashion. --Kewp (t) 17:53, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Bold text Alright folks, I have removed this link a few times now..and people still seem to think that this link contributes to Wikipedia for unexplained reasons; here is the rundown:
 * 1) This link is most probably a copyright violation. Wikipedia doesn't like them.
 * 2) This link is unencyclopedic. What does this video add to Wikipedia? Nothing. It doesn't contribute in informing the public about Bam Margera, apart from what positions he prefers.
 * 3) This link violates Profanity.

This should be more than enough to decide not to include the link. Please do not add it back. Soothing R  18:29, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

Bams-World.com
THis should be a part of the Bam wiki page. Bams-World.com is the largest gallery of bam pics and fans!
 * Wikipedia is not a place to promote your own personal website. --Liface 05:17, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Yea... bams-world should be added to this! --[MINDTRICK]--

 * Bams-World is great, and should be on the Bam page - SigEpJedi

Add Bams-World to the site! -deadly.poison

 * It doesn't matter how many of your site's members you can drag out to further your cause. Wikipedia is not a repository for links. Please promote your website through other means. --Liface 22:06, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

 * If Wiki is not for external links, why is there an "External Link" section on wiki articles? I dont think this is about "Promoting a Site" Bams-World.com is an established website, with 60,000+ members and over 1.6 million pageviews a day. This is about The Bam Margera article on wiki, giving those who come to wiki an important website for finding out more about Bam & company. I hope that you are enjoying your power trip on this one.
 * The links under the external links section relate to things in the article. With an attitude like that, you're not going to get anything accomplished. --Liface 05:56, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

I appreciate your attempt in keeping this page clean of spaming by random websites. However, there is currently a site that clearly is nothing more than just that listed. While we argue a valid site, its a shame that a site promoting illegal recordings of Bam's Radio show is listed. --WEBMASTER Bams-World.com 1 February 2006
 * I just removed that. Thank you. --Liface 05:55, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Multiracial link
OK, I know that Bam is part Italian, but can someone explain the multiracial reference? There's a link that refers to him as a multiracial American. Is this out of political correctness? Sorry if that sounds a little naive, but I just need to understand where that's coming from. Thanks. EnigmaSoul
 * Actually, does anyone have a source that he's of significant Italian descent? (I mean a good source, not Wikis or the IMDB) JackO'Lantern 18:40, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

Does Magera originate from Mageira, Magira or Mayira in Achaia, Greece? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 115.131.8.16 (talk) 12:22, 3 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Magera is a Czech family name. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.143.58.115 (talk) 16:21, 21 June 2011 (UTC)

Bam engaged?
Anyone have a reliable source for this? One was posted but I scanned the website and didn't see it anywhere. --Liface 23:13, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

"The Loop" should not be a link
The article says that "Margera successfully landed The Loop in Phoenix," where "The Loop" is a hyperlink. It should not be a hyperlink because the (disambiguation) article on "The Loop" does not actually describe what "The Loop" is.
 * Fixed. --Liface 22:28, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

Disambiguation help
I notice that the "other enterprises" section links to the element disambiguation page. I am guessing it should go to Element Skateboards which I've done. If it's wrong, please correct and accept my apologies. LeeG 00:51, 18 June 2006 (UTC)

Cramp The Stupid
Cramp The Stupid (CTS) is a stunt group from southern Indiana who Bam helped influence. Gary Graves and Sam Miller started this group in 2009 after performing a few stunts with Margera in the course of a couple years. The group is just now starting to spread their wings and fly, and we are sure to see a lot more of Bam in the upcoming CTS project. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Vyringe (talk • contribs) 04:11, 24 February 2013 (UTC)

His Birthday??
An anonymous user added this under the "education" topic...I place it here on the slim chance that there is any value in it.

"Bam was born in 1980 not 1979 case his parents recently said in a VIVA LA BAM episode "How old is he turning?" Phil said"Well, I think he's turning 25. "His mother then said" No, that's right he's turning 26."

The poster may or may not have been aware that this program could have been pre-recorded, or tht Bam's Mom may have been mistaken... Bustter 20:51, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

Which episode does april say that because those episodes were filmed in 2004/5?, online_novak

Youtube link to Punk'd
This show is copyrighted and the link to it should be removed. I don't want to do it until someone else that is more familiar agrees though, I have never edited this page before.

Error
What is wrong with the section about The Loop? "In the January of 2005"?? I'm editing that.Schprunkel 13:17, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

YouTube links
This article is one of thousands on Wikipedia that have a link to YouTube in it. Based on the External links policy, most of these should probably be removed. I'm putting this message here, on this talk page, to request the regular editors take a look at the link and make sure it doesn't violate policy. In short: 1. 99% of the time YouTube should not be used as a source. 2. We must not link to material that violates someones copyright. If you are not sure if the link on this article should be removed or you would like to help spread this message contact us on this page. Thanks, ---J.S (t|c) 03:32, 10 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I have removed it. --Liface 03:57, 10 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks. ---J.S (t|c) 05:29, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

Heartagram
It says Bam helped develop the heartagram, this isn't true - the symbol was drawn several years before Ville Valo had even met Bam, someone ought to change it.
 * You're right. I changed it. Ocatecir 18:45, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

Picture
Imo it's not appropriate to have a big "Element" logo on the picture identifying Bam. WP:NOT for free advertising. Dei zio  talk 14:12, 28 November 2006 (UTC)
 * The copyright information seems to be false as well. I have recommended the picture for deletion: . Ocatecir 19:19, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

Missy Page
I *attempted* to make a wikipage about Missy. I can't add it though. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melissa_rothstein
 * Well how much info. did you put on the Missy page? Claytex 23:10, 3 January 2007 (UTC)
 * A missy page was created in the past and was deleted by a vote. Missy is NOT notable, please do not create pages for the sake of creating pages. Please review Notability Ocatecir 23:46, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

And a page for his xfiance IS notable?
 * As evidenced by her appearance in various news reports, movies and a multi-season television series. Missy was a suporting character in one series, and as any notability she has would derive from Bam's Unholy Union alone it is perfectly reasonable to present any relevant biographical information about her there. If you want to create a Missy page I recommend posting any sources you wish to use to establish her notabilityper WP:BIO here for discussion. Nobody is against Missy having a page, just against her having a page that doesn't demonstrably pass WP notability criteria. Dei z  talk 08:02, 21 July 2007 (UTC)

 * A "supporting charcter"?! Huh. And here I was thinking Bam's Unholy Union was about the BOTH of them getting married. If having your own reality show doesn't warrant "notability", then what do you have to do nowadays to be considered famous? Riddle me that, Batman.

222.154.13.163 09:23, 28 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Read WP:BIO, Robin. Dei z  talk 13:20, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

Revamp
I've given the article a long-put-off revamp.. theres not really a lot more to say about the various projects as they all have their own articles, so please discuss any changes here before duplicating information held elsewhere.. I've brought in a few more items and references, as a member of WikiProject Biography, imo this could get up to at least a B class article if the improvement continues. Dei zio  talk 00:13, 6 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Nice job. Ocatecir 01:25, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Fan Suicide
That section should be removed. It is innapropriate and lacks ALOT of information. Have some respect for the dead and it has nothing to do with Bam other then she was a fan that ended up dead. Also it has not been released if it was suicide or not so you can not label it a possible suicide when foul play could have been involved. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 71.168.145.39 (talk) 01:53, 7 January 2007 (UTC).
 * You may address this comment to the editorial staff of The Philadelphia Enquirer and the office of the Chester County Coroner, from where this was sourced. The coroner went so far as to call it a "likely" suicide. Please read attached sources and also get a feel for Wikipedia before questioning content. Dei zio  talk 02:07, 7 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Still, what exactly does it have to do with Margera? The source does not say what exactly she was trying to do in Westchester. I do not believe this very encyclopedic, it adds nothing to the description of who Bam is. The association with Margera is loose at best. It is more a coincidence at this point. Should it be revealed that Bam somehow had a role in the story, then maybe it could be included. I vote the section be removed. Ocatecir 03:22, 7 January 2007 (UTC)
 * It seems you've gone one stage further than voting ;). Sure, it's not directly about Bam, but is included to establish the regard he is held in by fans. If it verified that she went to WC purely on account of her being infatuated with Bam and killed herself, established eg by a suicide note, it would be absolutely fine to report this here. As the link is not certain, I won't reinclude the piece. Dei zio  talk 04:03, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

Music Videos
I think we should start up a section on the videos Bam directed. Most music video directors (ex. Lance Bangs, Spike Jonze etc.) have their videography on there and Bam should too cause he directed alot of videos over the past years. Nocarsgo 02:21, 8 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Already there, feel free to expand: Bam Margera. — O cat ecir  Talk  05:19, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

The Fake Snake
At the end of episode 5: Flipping the Christmas Bird of Bam's Unholy Union, there is a package from Ryan Dunn that sparks a reaction from Bam. In the trivia section it mentions that Bam is afraid of snakes. It also mentioned that Ryan Dunn sent him a live snake. This is not true. The snake was set up in the package so when Bam opened the flap, the snake would appear to "jump out at him." The final shot clearly shows that this is a rubber toy snake. I've had to change this section twice. Kjhstuph 08:37, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

Stunts and injuries
Is there any sourceable list of his largest stunts, and worst injuries from stunts and skating? --Ifrit 06:43, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

 * For about the last four topics posted here, I would recommend visiting the Bam Margera message board. bamargera.com people. It has most of the info you're after and WHOLE THREADS dedicated to some of these topics...Imagine that???

222.154.13.163 09:26, 28 September 2007 (UTC)
 * People are looking for reliable sources to verify encyclopedic information. If someone is interested enough in Bam to be editing his Wikipedia article, there's a fair chance they're aware of the existence of forums and message boards. The board has tons of stuff related to Bam, but it's not acceptable as a reference. Dei z  talk 10:18, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

Bam's new movie
Guys the new movie is called Minghags. Batistadx 20:06, 8 May 2007 (UTC) exactly, it's no longer KAMAGA or "Ming Hags", just "minghags" —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kjacket0 (talk • contribs) 02:38, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

Skateboarding Career
At what age/when did he start skateboarding/go pro, etc? Is there anyone with that information out there? I think that would be a good addition to the page. 172.192.152.229 (talk) 20:26, 24 December 2007 (UTC)
 * He really never "went pro" in the sence of competing at the top level, he can be considered "pro" because he got sponsored by skateboarding companies after he was already famous. He's obviously known as a good skater, but it's not a huge reason for his fame or notability. Dei z  talk 06:47, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

Reference
Does a Myspace bulletin count as a reliable reference even if it was posted by a reliable source?RaptorX (talk) 19:56, 14 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Unlikely. Explain more? Dei z  talk 22:45, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

Well in a recent Myspace by Mike Busey, a friend of Bam's and Don Vito's, it stated that the new bar Bam is opening was called 'The Note'. I was going to amend the article accordingly but then wasnt sure if the bulletin is classed as realiable?RaptorX (talk) 16:22, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

"the Note" is open.
Bam's bar "the note" is open already. I played there with a band last Saturday. Don't know if that should be in the article. And my English is horrible so I don't want to write anything by myself ... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.5.44.21 (talk) 23:11, 23 September 2008 (UTC) ♥ jaycee —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.31.194.210 (talk) 16:38, 11 October 2008 (UTC)

i also wanted to add that the note has opened up. it's on market street in west chester, pa. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.86.21.183 (talk) 15:12, 6 November 2008 (UTC)

Yeah the note opened in October... it's located on the corner of Market and Walnut Street in West Chester —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.47.120.6 (talk) 22:03, 23 December 2008 (UTC)

Also, can we have a running list of famous acts which have performed at the Note? —Preceding unsigned comment added by ICantStandYous (talk • contribs) 15:56, 20 April 2009 (UTC)

Bam Margera Presents: Where the #$&% Is Santa?
Can we get a page up for this new movie? Jay794 (talk) 12:58, 4 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Bam Margera Presents: Where the ♯[[Bam Margera Presents: Where the ♯$&% Is Santa?]]% Is Santa?

Tony Hawk?
Does anyone know if bam will be in the new tony hawk game "ride"? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.100.147.44 (talk) 05:47, 23 May 2009 (UTC)

Divorce?

I don't think it is true. Might be worth looking into though. -- Danreilly123 (talk) 23:00, 26 May 2009 (UTC)

Interview to add
This. Seems like a decent source if an editor wants to add it to the article. ZeaLitY [ DREAM  -  REFLECT  ]  23:00, 2 July 2009 (UTC) Bam Margera has said that himself and Missy are seeing a councelor to save their marriage and so far its working.

ERROR: 5 seasons in only 2 years?
The article says "The show ran for 5 seasons between 2003-2005 and followed Margera and his crew as they performed various stunts and missions." Either this is an error, or the meaning of television season has changed while I was watching youtube. ;-) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.37.153.192 (talk) 01:56, 7 July 2009 (UTC)
 * A 'season' does not necessarily occur once a year, some shows air a few seasons in one calendar year, so it's not a mistake.  raseaC talk to me 18:36, 22 August 2011 (UTC)

Possible Overdose
TMZ is reporting a possible overdose. AcePuppy (talk) 14:03, 20 July 2009 (UTC)

It has been confirmed by Bam Margera as dehydration from a 4-day drinking binge: 203.206.77.70 (talk) 11:28, 22 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Why isn't this in the article? It's all over the news.

Because it isn't what feeds the masses... Look first at what they used for a source! TMZ!! A R-A-G if there ever was one! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.17.215.115 (talk) 01:04, 23 December 2010 (UTC)

New shows- ‘Nitro Circus’ and school
His new shows ‘Nitro Circus’ and headed 'back to school' need to be added.

Also the article needs to be restructured. We don't need a heading for one sentence repeated five times for each show. Headings should be removed and the format structured in paragraphs so the reader can follow the content. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Agg56tt (talk • contribs) 03:16, 27 July 2009 (UTC)

date of new show?
does anyone know when his back to school show is supposed to start? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.100.147.93 (talk) 04:28, 14 August 2009 (UTC)

 * I don't know, but his SpikeTV show is called Bam's World Domination, according to this interview. Skool89er (talk) 04:21, 10 February 2010 (UTC)

illness
should it be noted that he suffers from Bi-polar Disorder and Bulimia Nervosa —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.16.2.187 (talk) 21:38, 17 October 2009 (UTC)
 * how do you know if he has these illness' please tell me that source —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.187.84.230 (talk) 09:19, 2 November 2009 (UTC)

 * he has revealed it many times on radio bam —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.21.140.21 (talk) 16:53, 3 November 2009 (UTC)  Exactly, which show? What date? Any proof? NO just you saying it! Anyone can say it, that is why there is a requirement for verifiable sources.

rehab
should it be mentioned that bam went to rehab in december 2009? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.19.8.202 (talk) 12:31, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Also his book: Bam Margera, Serious as Dog Dirt (MTV; November 17, 2009) ISBN 1439147736 —Preceding unsigned comment added by Him69696969696969 (talk • contribs) 18:32, 23 December 2009 (UTC)

X-Games
Has Bam ever competed in the X-Games? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.100.154.19 (talk) 02:41, 29 January 2010 (UTC)

Minghags
Still says the movie is TBA. Movie came out in 2009

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 07:38, 9 March 2010 (talk • contribs) DarrenMoffatt

 * When you leave messages, please remember to "sign" your name, by putting ~ (four tilde signs) at the end. This will add your name, and the date and time. You can also do this by clicking the 'sign' button, pictured here.

 * Next time please provide a reference to a reliable source.

 Chzz  ►  07:52, 9 March 2010 (UTC) ✅

Bam + Tammy (t-wow)
Its pretty much been confirmed that bam is dating tammy. shes been sleeping with him, according to episode #223 of radio bam. however there is no word of a divorce between missy and bam. So no one knows where she is. someone should make reference to tammy in the biography, considering shes now with bam. Mishy12456 (talk) 13:16, 11 June 2010 (UTC)

i did, with quotes from the radio show to confirm, it got removed less then a day after, i'm fed up with the effort i put into making this page correct and up to date, get off your high horses. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.44.250.99 (talk) 19:38, 19 July 2010 (UTC)

Red-links in radio and television section removed.
The two last names on the radio list will, shortly, at least, have their link status removed, per Notability.--Zucchinidreams (talk) 19:03, 21 October 2010 (UTC)

Margera's marriage: two girlfriends and no longer living with Missy
Bam Margera opened up on his marriage on The Howard Stern Show on October 18, 2010. He's not living with Missy and currently meets her once a week and she knows about his two girlfriends. You can hear part of it here or from Stern's website (if you subscribe). —Preceding unsigned comment added by OnlyA79 (talk • contribs) 21:21, 22 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Why wasn't this added? It has a source. Anyone who can tpye Missy, Bam and Howard Stern can listen to this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by OnlyA79 (talk • contribs) 22:00, 22 October 2010 (UTC)

 * On the recent change, why was the source changed by removing the broadcast date and putting the wrong access date? —Preceding unsigned comment added by OnlyA79 (talk • contribs) 22:33, 22 October 2010 (UTC)

 * The changes weren't added because the article is subject to pending changes protection. All such article must be reviewed by a reviwer and the additions approved before the additions go live. Per the discussion on my talk page; the first edit was not sourced correctly and so was not accepted. Your second edit was sourced properly and so was accepted. I've added the broadcast dates too. If they're incorrect then please modify them. Refer to cite web for an explanation of the template. — Fly by Night  ( talk )  23:31, 22 October 2010 (UTC)

Link 29 references Howard Stern from September 19, 2006 not October 18, 2010 MJ56003 (talk) 17:27, 31 October 2010 (UTC)
 * , thanks. Adrian J. Hunter(talk•contribs) 15:53, 23 December 2010 (UTC)

Margera assaulted/knocked out by another girl
The article needs updated to include breaking news about another assault.

According to TMZ:

 * "Bam tells TMZ ... he was at the SXSW festival late Thursday night, walking through a crowd of a bunch of drunks... Bam says the woman's friend punched him in the face and the two began fighting. Bam fell to the ground and the woman then delivered the knockout blow. Bam was out for 7 minutes." LINK

Then Margera sent TMZ a photo of the damages ("Bam snapped this pic for us so we could get a look at his black eye") here — Preceding unsigned comment added by Assdamingto (talk • contribs) 17:08, 25 March 2011 (UTC)
 * WP is not a place for breaking news.  raseaC talk to me 12:44, 28 March 2011 (UTC)

Reaction to the death of Ryan Dunn section
I honestly feel one should be added because it has quite a heavy impact on him and even after 9 days of crying he is barley functioning and doesn't seem like a normal person anymore. I think a section like this can be added if it is taking this much of an impact on him — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.38.128.48 (talk) 05:22, 29 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I don;t think it's necessary. A small part of Margera's life, not worthy of it's own section, barely even a mention if you ask me.  raseaC talk to me 19:32, 29 June 2011 (UTC)

How is the death of hes best friend throgh many years, only a small part? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.167.204.169 (talk) 13:49, 6 September 2011 (UTC)

Porcelain Black
I'm surprised there's nothing here about Porcelain Black, his girlfriend. --69.204.207.65 (talk) 00:11, 15 September 2011 (UTC)I

Edit request on 8 July 2012
Please add the movie "Living Will" because Bam Margera played one of the rednecks.

Starrlighter (talk) 03:45, 8 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Rivertorch (talk) 05:49, 8 July 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on Missy divorce 2012
as of november 2012 he and missy are officially divorced. she was relieved according to her twitter. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Shinix13 (talk • contribs) 07:59, 12 November 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 21 July 2013
Change his relationship with Melissa to end in 2012. The couple became officially divorced on November 1st of that year.

98.144.19.223 (talk) 22:58, 21 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done, but next time please provide a reliable source to support the requested edit. Adrian J. Hunter(talk•contribs) 11:20, 22 July 2013 (UTC)

Edit Request - Divorce
There is no source for the divorce. The only source claims that it has been posted by missy on twitter. While she did in fact NOT have a twitter account. And it has also been posted by a friend of them that she does not have a twitter account, and the account which posted it was fake. https://twitter.com/RYANGEE_photo/status/264421211537285120. If the only sources we have for the divorce are sites that cite fake twitter accounts, we should remove this information from the article. --95.88.113.12 (talk) 02:04, 24 August 2013 (UTC)

 * It is sourced to a reliable source in the article, and there is also, and among others. Do you have a reliable source that indicates they are still married?  STATic   message me!  03:01, 24 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Both sources are NOT reliable. They cite a Tweet that was NOT done by her as the Account in question is not her account to begin with ! I don't need a source that something did not happen, when you don't got any reliable source that it did happen. Check the link i provided above, this photographer actually knows her personally. Using Perezhilton as a source ? The guy who also fakes pictures and says they are real? And the second site you quoted here doesn't say anything about that subject, but i have seen the other source in the article, which also just cites that Tweet from Missy that was not done by her. --95.88.113.12 (talk) 03:54, 24 August 2013 (UTC)

 * I now see it just says they were separated. Either way Toronto Star is definitely a reliable source by any standard. All you need is reliable source or something indicating they are still married, or were reported to still be married in 2013. Then the content can be removed.  STATic  message me!  04:44, 24 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Have you really read the toronto sun article ?
 * "Missy Rothstein took to Twitter.com to herald the end of the union on Friday, writing, "official Divorced happy Finally Free…. who wanna (sic) come to my Divorce Party haha."" They also only cite the tweet from that fake account as a source. There is not a single reliable source or official statement that they got legally divorced. And until then, the info that they divorced on november 2012 should be removed. Or it should at least be stated in the article that there is not a single reliable source for that information --95.88.113.12 (talk) 14:08, 24 August 2013 (UTC)

 * Well look at this,  reports from a reliable sources that Bam is going to marry his current girlfriend and he divorced Missy in 2012. Now there is now way it is getting removed, I am going to add the new information to the article now. And please stop changing the template, I already took the time to respond.  STATic   message me!  15:47, 24 August 2013 (UTC)

Reykjavík is misspelled
I can't edit yet, too few changes made under this account. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Noxbird (talk • contribs) 14:33, 22 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done. Edenc1 • Talk 14:42, 22 October 2013 (UTC)

Edit Request November 21, 2013
Margera was previously engaged to Jenn Rivell, a divorced single mother. Rivell played a prominent part in several of his projects and the couple appeared to be co-habiting in various episodes of Viva La Bam. However, the relationship ended in 2005. In November 2006, Margera filed for "Protection From Abuse" from Rivell after she allegedly broke into his house.

Bassba311 (talk) 04:23, 22 November 2013 (UTC) In the above section, there is no reason for "co-habiting" to be hyphenated. It should just be "cohabited".

 * Yes check.svg Done. Thanks. --Stfg (talk) 10:06, 22 November 2013 (UTC)

Update the Bam_Margera section
Can someone please update the Bam_Margera section?

Add:

Elizabeth Ray plead guilty and was sentenced two years probation in June 2011.

Sources: http://www.delcotimes.com/general-news/20110614/woman-who-bashed-bam-margera-gets-probation

http://articles.philly.com/2011-06-14/news/29656639_1_west-chester-nightspot-bam-margera-probation

50.74.152.2 (talk) 10:29, 12 March 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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New residence?
I think it's noteworthy that in a recent interview, April Margera noted that Bam no longer resides at "Castle Bam" and has relocated to a new home. I'm assuming he still owns the "Castle Bam" property but no longer uses it his residence. Perhaps we should note the change that says he currently lives there, which is against WP:RELTIME in its use of the word "currently" anyway, and make a note that it was a former residence, while of course still respecting his privacy by not revealing an exact location of his new home, assuming anybody knows that anyway. Just a thought. Any input? NJZombie (talk) 07:40, 2 July 2016 (UTC)

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Death
Bam Margera has passed on January 6th 2023 24.124.76.96 (talk) 23:05, 6 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Uh...no. On January 6th he said on a podcast episode that last month while in the hospital with severe Covid-19 he had a series of seizures and "basically pronounced dead" on December 8th - on further examination of the interview that is an exaggerated way of saying they did not think they would be able to successfully extubate him. But he is very much alive and out of the hospital. I would advise you to actually read the stories behind headlines rather than worry about rushing to be the first to add information to Wikipedia. -DavidSSabb (talk) 13:40, 8 January 2023 (UTC)

Jackass video game
Shouldn’t the Jackass video game also be listed in the “video game” section? 2600:1001:B0E8:9C0:24AA:F500:D81B:77F8 (talk) 20:24, 17 January 2023 (UTC)
 * hes not featured in that game, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackass:_The_Game --FMSky (talk) 12:50, 23 January 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 2 February 2023
Photos of Bam with Ryan should be on this article. Plopafeetch2 (talk) 02:18, 2 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Do you have a particular image in mind? If so, make sure it meets WP:Image Use Policy criteria, follow instructions for uploading it, and reopen the request then. Cannolis (talk) 02:42, 2 February 2023 (UTC)
 * @Plopafeetch2, such photos can be found online, but Wikipedia isn't going to purchase the rights. Free only, until he dies or moves to Mars without Ryan; then the rules change to WP:Fair use.--Quisqualis (talk) 03:51, 2 February 2023 (UTC)

i added one -- FMSky (talk) 15:37, 7 February 2023 (UTC)

Middle name.
Bam's middle name was removed from this page a while back, due to it not having a source. However, the source on Jeff Tremaine's page showing that his name is Jeffrey Tremaine, also shows that Bam's middle name is, in fact, Cole. If it's considered a reliable source on Jeff's page, then it should be one for Bam's page as well. As such, it should be added back to the page, with that as the source. R1ch4rd N1x0n (talk) 22:47, 17 March 2023 (UTC)
 * i inserted the ref --FMSky (talk) 00:30, 18 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Reverted good faith edit per WP:BLPPRIMARY: "Do not use trial transcripts and other court records, or other public documents, to support assertions about a living person." I'd already removed this previously citing the same reason. Rift (talk) 00:41, 18 March 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 2 April 2023
I just wanted to suggest removing the citation that there isn't enough leading Information. 2601:43:4100:53D0:DD10:E011:5F47:F8EE (talk) 02:31, 2 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Lightoil (talk) 03:09, 2 April 2023 (UTC)

skateboarding is misspelled skatebaording
fix needed 47.25.116.3 (talk) 02:31, 30 May 2023 (UTC)
 * thanks, done --FMSky (talk) 02:32, 30 May 2023 (UTC)

Hometown?
Why is there no reference to where he was born/raised when there is in his brother's article? I'm happy to add it myself, but I wanted to make sure I wasn't overstepping a boundary I can't clearly see. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 155.52.47.40 (talk) 19:30, 11 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bam Margera


text:
Superformula

The superformula is a generalization of the superellipse and was proposed by Johan Gielis around 2000. Gielis suggested that the formula can be used to describe many complex shapes and curves that are found in nature. Gielis has filed a patent application related to the synthesis of patterns generated by the superformula, which expired effective 2020-05-10.

In polar coordinates, with $$r$$ the radius and $$\varphi$$ the angle, the superformula is:

$$r\left(\varphi\right) = \left(       \left|                \frac{\cos\left(\frac{m\varphi}{4}\right)}{a}        \right| ^{n_2} +        \left|                \frac{\sin\left(\frac{m\varphi}{4}\right)}{b}        \right| ^{n_3} \right) ^{-\frac{1}{n_{1}}}. $$ By choosing different values for the parameters $$a, b, m, n_1, n_2,$$ and $$n_3,$$ different shapes can be generated.

The formula was obtained by generalizing the superellipse, named and popularized by Piet Hein, a Danish mathematician.

2D plots
In the following examples the values shown above each figure should be m, n1, n2 and n3.

A GNU Octave program for generating these figures

Extension to higher dimensions
It is possible to extend the formula to 3, 4, or n dimensions, by means of the spherical product of superformulas. For example, the 3D parametric surface is obtained by multiplying two superformulas r1 and r2. The coordinates are defined by the relations:

$$ x = r_1(\theta)\cos\theta \cdot r_2(\phi)\cos\phi,$$ $$ y = r_1(\theta)\sin\theta \cdot r_2(\phi)\cos\phi,$$ $$ z = r_2(\phi)\sin\phi,$$

where $$\phi$$ (latitude) varies between −π/2 and π/2 and θ (longitude) between −π and π.

3D plots
3D superformula: a = b = 1; m, n1, n2 and n3 are shown in the pictures.

A GNU Octave program for generating these figures:

Generalization
The superformula can be generalized by allowing distinct m parameters in the two terms of the superformula. By replacing the first parameter $$m$$ with y and second parameter $$m$$ with z: $$r\left(\varphi\right) = \left(       \left|                \frac{\cos\left(\frac{y\varphi}{4}\right)}{a}        \right| ^{n_2} +        \left|                \frac{\sin\left(\frac{z\varphi}{4}\right)}{b}        \right| ^{n_3} \right) ^{-\frac{1}{n_{1}}} $$

This allows the creation of rotationally asymmetric and nested structures. In the following examples a, b, $${n_2}$$ and $${n_3}$$ are 1:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Superformula


text:
User:EvilYan

''' I was born in Sorel (Quebec Province, Canada) on october 29th 1972.My main interests are books, music (opera, classical, jazz), sports (american football, baseball, boxing and hockey) and porn (straight, bi and gay). I work night shifts in a dunkin donuts as janitor but i had my 15 minutes of fame years ago as a poet.

My real name is Yanick Péloquin. You can easily find me on Facebook. On mIRC, I switched from EvilYan to TwinkYan.'''

title: User:EvilYan


text: Category:County Wicklow

title: Category:County Wicklow


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/War of Brazil

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 01:49, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

War of Brazil
Delete; as far as I can tell, this page is complete fiction. RussBlau 18:56, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, fiction. From what I recall, there was internal conflict in Colombia in the first three years of the 20th century, Peru in 1914, and Brazil declared war on Germany in 1917. Otherwise, South America was pretty quiet in the 1900-1920 period, and Rio Grande do Sul is definitely still in Brazil. Average Earthman 19:25, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete alternate history. The poster may want to look at Wikicites Alternative History.  RickK 20:14, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * DELETE - Total Fabrication Saopaulo1 21:42, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Fantasy. Jayjg (talk) 05:32, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, hoax. Megan1967 07:06, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Invented history. El_C 07:35, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * God damn. When I read that yesterday, I believed it, because it's done so cleanly and professionally and plausibly. DELETE, and consider blocking the page creator's IP as a vandal. DS 16:32, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as hoax. Note that two of the major events took place on April 1. --Carnildo 22:44, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: Category:Transport in Northamptonshire

title: Category:Transport in Northamptonshire


text:
Clearwater Lake

Clearwater Lake or Lake Clearwater may refer to:

Canada

 * Clearwater Lake (British Columbia)
 * Clearwater Lake (Manitoba)
 * Clearwater Lake (Ontario)
 * Clearwater Lake (Saskatchewan)
 * Clearwater Lakes, the English name of the Lac à l'Eau Claire, a pair of impact craters in northern Québec

United States

 * Clearwater Lake Recreation Area, a lake and surrounding area in Ocala National Forest, Florida
 * Clearwater Lake (Cook County, Minnesota)
 * Clearwater Lake (Missouri), on the border of Reynolds and Wayne Counties, formed by the Clearwater Dam
 * Clearwater Lake (Wisconsin), in Oneida County

Other countries

 * Lake Clearwater, in Canterbury Region, New Zealand
 * Clear Lake (Palau) or Clearwater Lake

Settlements

 * Lake Clearwater (village), in Canterbury Region, New Zealand
 * Clearwater Lake, Wisconsin, US

title: Clearwater Lake


text:
User:Kober

Hello, I'm Kober and I edit Wikipedia from.
 * Userboxes

 * Awards

 * Bookmarks

 * Sandbox

 * To-do

 * Me at Commons

Countries I have visited: 🇹🇷 🇩🇪 🇳🇱 🇦🇲 🇪🇸 🇦🇹 🇮🇹 🇻🇦 🇨🇿 🇱🇻 🇸🇪 🇰🇿 🇰🇬 🇧🇪 🇬🇷 🇦🇿 🇹🇲 🇰🇷

My contributions
As of February 2021, I'm an author of >1,500 brand new Wikipedia articles.

ka:მომხმარებელი:Kober

title: User:Kober


text:
Chris Rose

Christopher Rose (born January 27, 1971) is an American sportscaster for the NFL Network, and the interim radio play-by-play announcer for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL).

Outside of football, he is also a commentator for the Discovery Channel series BattleBots and podcast host for Jomboy Media.

Early life and career
Rose, who was born and raised in Shaker Heights, Ohio, an eastside Cleveland suburb, attended University School in Hunting Valley, Ohio during high school and spent his childhood summers at North Star Camp. Rose attended Miami University in Oxford, Ohio and graduated in 1993. He served as station manager at the student-run radio station, WMSR. He is a lifelong fan of all three of Cleveland's major sports franchises (Guardians, Cavaliers, and Browns - for which he provides play by play during locally televised preseason games on WEWS-TV 5).

Rose currently resides in California with his wife Michelle and has two sons: Brady and Josh.

The Best Damn Sports Show Period
Rose is known as one of the hosts of The Best Damn Sports Show Period, on Fox Sports Net. Except for a brief period in 2004 and 2005, Rose hosted the show from its inception in 2001. Rose has also hosted the poker show Million Dollar Challenge.

Fox Sports
In 2007, Rose became a play-by-play announcer for Fox's coverage of the NFL. In 2006, he did Gamebreaks for the NFL coverage while Joe Buck and Curt Menefee hosted the studio coverage from the game site. He was the studio host for Fox's BCS coverage.

In 2007, he was the #7 play-by-play announcer for Fox's coverage of the NFL. A year later, he was demoted to #8 play-by-play but promoted again to #7 in 2009. Rose was again the #7 play-by-play announcer in 2010. On Sunday, November 8, 2009, Rose did Gamebreaks for the NFL on Fox while the Fox NFL Sunday crew did the pregame show from Bagram Airfield in Afghanistan. Trent Green and John Lynch were among the analysts who worked with Rose. In 2004, Rose was a fight announcer and narrator on the reality sports series The Next Great Champ. In addition, Rose was a ringside commentator for Golden Boy Boxing in 2012 airing on Fuel TV.

Rose took over the revamped Fox Saturday Baseball pre game show in 2009. Rose was also the host for the World Series pre-game show. He presented the World Series trophies from 2009 to 2011. He called select games as well as field reporting for MLB on FOX. He also hosted Big Shots: Titans at the Tee. During the 2010 Major League Baseball season he hosted the inaugural season of The Cheap Seats. David Cone took over the show following the 2010 season. On March 21, 2012, it was announced Matt Vasgersian would become the new pre-game host and Rose would no longer be working with the network.

Rose has been criticized for appearing to be too friendly with players he has interviewed during Fox's baseball coverage. For example, during the 2009 World Series, Rose referred to Derek Jeter of the New York Yankees as "Jeets". One year later during the World Series, Rose referred to both Brian Wilson and Tim Lincecum of the San Francisco Giants as "his friends."

MLB Network

Rose was hired by MLB Network in April 2010. A year later, he began co-hosting Intentional Talk with Kevin Millar. Intentional Talk has become one of the most popular shows on MLB Network. On December 11, 2020 Rose announced that MLB Network was not picking up his contract and his last Intentional Talk show would take place on December 23, 2020.

NFL Network
On August 28, 2012, NFL Network announced they had added Rose to their team. He currently is a studio host for the channel. Rose is the host of NFL GameDay Highlights, NFL GameDay Final, as well as the postgame edition of NFL Total Access following the network's Thursday Night Football coverage. Rose continued to host Intentional Talk for MLB Network, even though that network's studios were in New Jersey while the NFL Network's were in Los Angeles.

Cleveland Browns
Since 2022, Rose has served as the play-by-play announcer for preseason telecasts of the Cleveland Browns on WEWS-TV 5 in Cleveland. Following the 2023 Browns season opener, longtime radio play-by-play announcer Jim Donovan went on medical leave to undergo treatment for leukemia, and Rose was named as Donovan's substitute.

BattleBots
In 2015, Rose became a play-by-play announcer for ABC's revival of the robot combat series BattleBots, joined by UFC commentator Kenny Florian. Rose continued his role on the revival's third season, which moved to Science Channel.

PokerStars Big Game
In 2010, Rose co-hosted season 1 of the PokerStars Big Game with Joe Stapleton. Rose was replaced by Scott Huff in season 2, so Rose could focus on MLB broadcasting full-time.

Jomboy Media
On February 18, 2021, Rose announced he would be joining Jomboy Media with a podcast titled "The Chris Rose Rotation". This show will feature various MLB players as co-hosts for the 2021 season. The first episode of "The Chris Rose Rotation" premiered on March 1, 2021. Rose also hosts a daily baseball show with former MLB player Trevor Plouffe entitled “Baseball Today”.

In August 2022, Rose started hosting a national football podcast on Jomboy Media called “The Chris Rose Football Show” with Jets Tight End C. J. Uzomah.

In additions to hosting podcasts, Rose also provides play by play for various events in the Jomboy Media Warehouse including Blitzball and Floorball.

Filmography

 * Glory Road
 * Mr. 3000
 * The Comebacks
 * Garfield (on September 15, 2017, Rose said his foot was in the "Garfield" movie)

title: Chris Rose


text:
Alpi Eagles

Alpi Eagles SpA was an airline headquartered in Sant'Angelo di Piove di Sacco, Italy. The privately owned regional airline operated scheduled passenger services, linking 15 domestic destinations, as well as international services to Albania, Czech Republic, France, Romania, Russia, Spain and Ukraine. Its main base was Venice Marco Polo Airport.

History
A majority of the shares were purchased by Paolo Sinigalia, owner of the Simod shoe factory, in Padova, Italy.

One of the company's decisions was to "cut" the scheduled block times (scheduled time from engine start to engine shut down), because pilots were paid based on their block time. Flights were delayed; management then decided to cut scheduled turnover times. Maintenance was unable to repair airplanes on time, resulting in flight delays. Four-hour delays became routine at the Venice and Naples airports. Passengers slowly reverted to Air One Cityliner, despite preferring to fly AlpiEagles airplanes for comfort.

Pilots started to leave the company; more flights were delayed or canceled due to lack of personnel, crew rest periods, and other reasons. More passengers turned to Air One Cityliner.

In September 2007, the Italian Civil Aviation Authority (ENAC) informed passengers that Alpi Eagles's license was under investigation, due to insufficient financial resources. Their license to operate was suspended by the Italian authorities in October 2007. After legal action, a provisional license was issued by ENAC, valid until 31 December 2007. However, in December 2007, Alpi Eagles was forbidden to operate by ENAC, effective 1 January 2008.

Fleet

At the time of the company's suspension of its operating license, on December 31, 2007, Alpi Eagles's fleet consisted of eight Fokker 100; a ninth had been withdrawn from use in November 2007.

From September 2002, through January 2003, Alpi Eagles operated two Boeing 737-700, which had been leased from Danish airline Maersk Air.

Two of Alpi Eagles's Fokker aircraft had been wetleased to Air Dolomiti from May 1999, until December 1999, in the full Air Dolomiti colour scheme. One of those aircraft was involved in an incident at Barcelona's El Prat Airport (Spain) on November 7, 1999, when half of the main landing gear failed to lock, and collapsed during landing (see Air Dolomiti Accidents and incidents).

Services
Alpi Eagles suspended all flights starting January 3, 2008. It operated flights to the following cities as of October 2006:

 * Domestic scheduled destinations: Alghero, Bari, Bergamo, Bologna, Brindisi, Cagliari, Catania, Lamezia Terme, Milan, Naples, Olbia, Palermo, Reggio Calabria, Trieste, Verona and Venice.
 * International scheduled destinations: Athens, Barcelona, Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Kyiv, Moscow, Nice, Odesa, Prague, Pristina, Timișoara, Tirana and Valencia.

title: Alpi Eagles


text:
Trimingham

Trimingham is a coastal village and a civil parish in the North Norfolk district of Norfolk, England. The village is 5 mi north of North Walsham, 4 mi east of Cromer, 20 mi north of the city and county town of Norwich, and is on the B1159 coastal road between Cromer and Mundesley.

The villages name means 'Homestead/village of Trymma's people'.

Parish church
Trimingham parish church is named for St John the Baptist's Head. It is a Grade II* listed building.

The dedication dates to the medieval period, when a life-size alabaster head of the saint was kept at the church. St John's shrine altar was visited by pilgrims who came to the church rather than make the journey to Amiens Cathedral in northern France, where a relic, said to be the real head of John the Baptist, was kept. The alabaster head did not survive, and although it is unknown exactly what happened to it, it has been suggested that it was probably destroyed by Anglican reformers as a result of the 1538 injunctions against images during the reign of King Henry VIII. Another theory is that the head was destroyed as a result of a further injunction which was rigorously imposed in 1547, during the early weeks of the reign of Edward VI. Today an alabaster head survives in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, and it is thought that the head at Trimingham was exactly the same. The village hall is called 'pilgrim shelter' as a reminder of Trimingham's past as a site of pilgrimage.

The church has a squat tower which is thought to be unfinished. It has heavy buttresses on the west elevation which suggest that a fault in the construction of the church may well have been the reason for the unfinished tower. The nave to the east cuts around the buttress to embrace it. This peculiarity may be partly the result of a restoration by Thomas Jeckyll in the 1850s. Pevsner states in his county survey book that Jeckyll completely rebuilt the nave, of which the most notable feature is the way that the tower buttresses on the east side project into the nave. The church's rood screen has four figures on either side of the entrance to the chancel: St Edmund with his arrow, St Clare with her book and monstrance, St Clement with his anchor and crozier, and St James in his pilgrim's robes. On the south side are St Petronella with her book and keys, St Cecilia with her garland of flowers, St Barbara with her tower, and St Jerome with his hawk. The east window of the church is credited to H Wilkinson and dates from 1925; the window depicts Christ in Majesty flanked by St Michael and St Gabriel, with the symbols of the four Evangelists surrounding them.

Trimingham "golf ball"
At Trimingham is air defence radar station RAF Trimingham, a satellite station of RAF Neatishead inland, which has a structure shaped like a giant golf ball and is on the edge of the cliff on the coastal road. Having previously denied problems, the Ministry of Defence said, in November 2006, that it would consider claims for compensation after an inquiry found the Type 93 radar spinning inside the dome was "out of alignment". The MoD stated that the radar had been out of alignment between November 2005 and February 2006, causing car engines and lights to cut out, and speedometer dials to swing up to 150 mph as motorists drove past. A local garage owner who ran the nearest garage at Mundesley, said he had dealt with 30 calls over a couple of months.

Trimingham beach
Trimingham has a beach that is used by surfers, jet skiers, dog walkers and night-fishermen. It is reached by a steep one-vehicle only road accessed along a lane just past the building that used to be the Ingleside public house, now a private residence.

The cliff face at Trimingham has the youngest chalk in the United Kingdom; it contains shells, bivalves, crinoids and oysters, and is subject to coastal erosion.

Transport
The nearest railway station is at Gunton for the Bittern Line which runs between Sheringham, Cromer and Norwich. The nearest airport is at Norwich International Airport.

Trimingham was once served by Trimingham railway station on the Norfolk and Suffolk Joint Railway between Cromer and North Walsham. It closed in 1953.

Sport
The village has a football team called the Trimingham Pilgrims, also known as "The Trimms".

title: Trimingham


text:
List of female kickboxers

This is a list of notable female kickboxers. This list shows kickboxers and professional competitors of other martial arts such as bama-lethwei (burmese boxing), kickboxing, pradal serey (khmer boxing), sanshou (sanda), savate boxing and shoot boxing.

A

 * 🇯🇵 Akari
 * 🏴 Bernise Alldis
 * 🇫🇷 Anaëlle Angerville
 * 🇺🇬 Patricia Apolot
 * 🇹🇭 Zaza Sor. Aree
 * 🇬🇧 Ruth Ashdown
 * 🇸🇾 Azza Attoura
 * 🇹🇭 Phayahong Ayothayafightgym

B

 * Jorina Baars
 * 🇺🇸 Christine Bannon-Rodrigues
 * 🏴 Iman Barlow
 * 🇹🇷 Erivan Barut
 * 🏴 Ruqsana Begum
 * 🇹🇷 Lehize Hilal Benli
 * Jemyma Betrian
 * 🇮🇱 Nili Block
 * 🇷🇺 Anna Bogomazova
 * 🇳🇴 Cecilia Brækhus
 * 🏴 Christi Brereton
 * 🏴 Cathy Brown
 * 🇮🇹 Annalisa Bucci
 * 🇨🇦 Julia Budd
 * 🇨🇿 Viktorie Bulínová

C

 * Joanne Calderwood
 * 🇺🇸 Bonnie Canino
 * 🇺🇸 Gina Carano
 * 🇺🇸 Graciela Casillas
 * 🇹🇭 Parinya Charoenphol
 * 🇦🇹 Jasminka Cive
 * 🇧🇪 Hélène Connart
 * 🏴 Sophia Crawford

D

 * 🇫🇷 Amel Dehby
 * 🏴 Dakota Ditcheva
 * 🇹🇷 Zehra Doğan
 * 🇺🇸 Jessamyn Duke

E

 * 🇺🇸 Lisa Ellis
 * 🇸🇷 Ilonka Elmont
 * 🇯🇵 erika♡
 * Débora Évora

F

 * Genah Fabian
 * 🇹🇭 Stamp Fairtex
 * Lara Fernandez
 * 🇹🇷 Yeliz Findik
 * 🇫🇷 Aurélie Froment
 * 🇩🇪 Ania Fucz
 * 🇯🇵 Emi Fujino

G

 * Mellony Geugjes
 * 🇺🇸 Fredia Gibbs
 * 🇷🇺 Elina Gismeeva
 * 🇫🇷 Eva Guillot
 * 🇸🇪 Therese Gunnarsson
 * 🇺🇸 Zoila Frausto Gurgel

H

 * 🇲🇦 Anissa Haddaoui
 * 🇱🇺 Claire Haigh
 * 🇩🇪 Regina Halmich
 * 🇰🇷 Seo Hee Ham
 * 🇺🇸 Felice Herrig
 * 🇺🇸 Angela Hill
 * 🇯🇵 Koto Hiraoka
 * 🇳🇴 Anne Line Hogstad
 * 🇺🇸 Holly Holm
 * 🇯🇵 Nanaka Honda
 * 🇦🇺 Bec Hyatt

I

 * 🇯🇵 Mai Ichii
 * 🇸🇪 Jill Idh
 * 🇺🇸 Diana Lee Inosanto
 * 🇯🇵 Mizuki Inoue
 * 🇯🇵 Saori Ishioka
 * 🇯🇵 Saya Ito

J

 * 🇵🇱 Joanna Jędrzejczyk
 * Sarel de Jong
 * 🇧🇷 Cristiane Justino

K

 * 🇫🇷 Mallaury Kalachnikoff
 * 🇯🇵 Erika Kamimura
 * 🇨🇳 Wang Kehan
 * Amanda Kelly
 * Denise Kielholtz
 * 🇺🇸 Justine Kish
 * 🏴 Julie Kitchen
 * Lorena Klijn
 * 🇯🇵 Arina Kobayashi
 * 🇯🇵 Honoka Kobayashi
 * 🇯🇵 Manazo Kobayashi
 * Tessa de Kom
 * 🇯🇵 Kotomi
 * 🇵🇱 Karolina Kowalkiewicz
 * 🇩🇪 Johanna Kruse
 * 🇯🇵 Rena Kubota
 * 🇯🇵 Naoko Kumagai

L

 * 🇮🇹 Silvia La Notte
 * 🇧🇬 Daisy Lang
 * 🇫🇷 Lizzie Largillière
 * 🇮🇷 🇨🇦 Farinaz Lari
 * 🇫🇷 Ludivine Lasnier
 * 🇺🇸 Andrea Lee
 * 🇺🇸 Mimi Lesseos
 * 🇰🇷 Su Jeong Lim
 * 🇧🇷 Juliana Lima
 * 🇸🇪 Josefine Lindgren Knutsson
 * 🇺🇸 Kathy Long
 * 🇹🇭 Loma Lookboonmee

M

 * 🇫🇷 Emilie Machut
 * 🇫🇷 Laëtitia Madjene
 * 🇫🇷 Anne Sophie Mathis
 * 🇯🇵 Kira Matsutani
 * 🇺🇸 Layla McCarter
 * 🇨🇳 E Meidie
 * 🇫🇷 Anissa Meksen
 * 🇮🇹 Martine Michieletto
 * Nevenka Mikulic
 * 🇯🇵 Mei Miyamoto
 * 🇯🇵 Ayaka Miyauchi
 * 🇯🇵 Koyuki Miyazaki
 * 🇯🇵 Wakana Miyazaki
 * Cristina Morales
 * 🇯🇵 Kana Morimoto
 * 🇯🇵 Misaki Morita
 * 🇫🇷 Sarah Moussadak
 * 🇺🇸 Kathleen Murphy
 * 🇦🇺 Serin Murray

N

 * 🇺🇸 Miriam Nakamoto
 * Eva Naranjo
 * 🇯🇵 Sakura Nomura

O

 * Geraldine O'Callaghan
 * 🇸🇪 Sofia Olofsson
 * 🇺🇦 Lena Ovchynnikova
 * Hatice Ozyurt

P

 * 🏴 Lucy Payne
 * Dina "Dinamite" Pedro
 * 🇺🇸 Jessica Penne
 * 🇧🇷 Aline Pereira
 * 🇮🇹 Gloria Peritore
 * 🇫🇷 Cindy Perros
 * Amy Pirnie
 * 🇫🇷 Angélique Pitiot
 * Antonia Prifti

R

 * 🇰🇿 🇷🇺 Natascha Ragosina
 * 🇫🇷 Fanny Ramos
 * Germaine de Randamie
 * 🇦🇺 Caley Reece
 * 🇺🇸 Elena Reid
 * Lucia Rijker
 * 🇺🇸 Bridgett Riley
 * 🇯🇵 Panchan Rina
 * 🇺🇸 🇦🇺 Angela Rivera-Parr
 * 🏴 Alexis Rufus

S

 * 🇮🇱 Yulia Sachkov
 * 🇹🇷 🇩🇪 Asiye Ozlem Sahin
 * 🇩🇪 Hulya Sahin
 * 🇯🇵 Seina
 * 🇹🇷 Sabriye Şengül
 * 🇷🇺 🇵🇪 🇰🇬 Antonina Shevchenko
 * 🇷🇺 🇵🇪 🇰🇬 Valentina Shevchenko
 * 🇯🇵 Sachiyo Shibata
 * 🇫🇷 Cindy Silvestre
 * 🇺🇸 Jeri Sitzes
 * 🏴 Grace Spicer
 * Cristiana Stancu
 * 🇺🇸 J.A. Steel
 * Julija Stoliarenko
 * 🇨🇿 Klára Strnadová
 * 🇯🇵 Miyuu Sugawara

T

 * 🇹🇭 Chommanee Sor Taehiran
 * 🇯🇵 Ai Takahashi
 * 🇯🇵 Miho Takanashi
 * 🇯🇵 Yoko Takahashi
 * 🇺🇸 Jennifer Tate
 * 🇯🇵 Hinata Terayama
 * 🇩🇪 Christine Theiss
 * 🇦🇺 Kim Townsend
 * 🇦🇹 Nicole Trimmel
 * 🇯🇵 Mio Tsumura
 * 🇹🇷 Gülistan Turan
 * 🇨🇦 Charmaine Tweet

U

 * 🇮🇹 Chantal Ughi
 * 🇩🇪 Meryem Uslu

V

 * 🇮🇹 Jleana Valentino
 * 🇧🇪 Anke Van Gestel
 * Saskia van Rijswijk
 * 🇺🇸 Tiffany van Soest
 * 🇧🇾 Ekaterina Vandaryeva
 * 🇮🇹 Veronica Vernocchi
 * 🇮🇹 Chiara Vincis
 * 🇺🇦 Oksana Vozovic

W

 * 🇨🇳 Cong Wang
 * 🇺🇸 Michelle Waterson
 * 🇺🇸 Cheryl Wheeler
 * 🇸🇪 Teresa Wintermyr

Y

 * 🇯🇵 Megumi Yabushita
 * 🇯🇵 Mako Yamada
 * 🇯🇵 Mei Yamaguchi
 * 🇯🇵 Hiroko Yamanaka
 * 🇯🇵 Saho Yoshino
 * 🇺🇸 Kaitlin Young

title: List of female kickboxers


text:
Kelly Lynch

Kelly Ann Lynch (born January 31, 1959) is an American actress. Her film credits include Cocktail, Road House, Drugstore Cowboy, Desperate Hours, Curly Sue, Heaven's Prisoners, Mr. Magoo, Charlie's Angels and Joe Somebody. She also played recurring roles on the cable shows The L Word and Magic City.

Early life
Lynch was born in Golden Valley, Minnesota, the daughter of Barbara, a modern dancer, and Robert Lynch, a restaurateur. She attended the Guthrie Theater. She worked as a flight attendant after leaving college and worked as a model for the Elite modeling agency before acting.

Career
After several small roles, Lynch was cast in her breakthrough role in the feature film Cocktail (1988). In 1989, Lynch starred opposite Patrick Swayze in the action film Road House, and was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead for her performance in the crime drama Drugstore Cowboy, directed by Gus Van Sant. She was also nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for The Beans of Egypt, Maine (1994). She turned down the role of Catherine Tramell in Basic Instinct (1992).

Lynch later had leading roles in a number of independent movies and co-starred in several Hollywood feature films, including Desperate Hours (1990), Curly Sue (1991), Three of Hearts (1993), Imaginary Crimes (1994), Virtuosity (1995), Heaven's Prisoners (1996), Mr. Magoo (1997), and Homegrown (1998). In the 2000s, Lynch has had supporting roles in the films Charlie's Angels (2000), Joe Somebody (2001), and The Jacket (2005). On television, Lynch had the recurring role of Ivan Aycock from 2004 to 2009 in the Showtime drama series The L Word. She later joined the cast of The CW teen soap 90210 (2010–2011) as Laurel Cooper. She returned to cable television with the recurring role of Meg Bannock in Magic City (2012–2013), created by her husband, Mitch Glazer.

Personal life
Lynch has been married to producer and writer Mitch Glazer since 1992 and has a daughter, Shane, born in 1985, from a previous relationship.

Lynch and her husband have owned the Oyler House, architect Richard Neutra's desert retreat, since 2014.

title: Kelly Lynch


text:
Killesbergpark

The Killesbergpark (Höhenpark Killesberg) is an urban public park of half a square kilometre (123 acres) in Stuttgart, Germany. It is just north of the state capital, where Killesberg is a quarter of the borough of Stuttgart-Nord (North).

The park dates back to the horticultural show of 1939. Before the show, a large area of the park had been a quarry. It was transformed into a park with exhibition sites for the show, and has remained, hosting horticultural events on a regular basis, including the “Bundesgartenschau” and the IGA (Internationale Gartenbauausstellung), both garden festivals.

The Killesbergpark bordered for many years the city's fairgrounds. In 2007, Messe Stuttgart moved to new ground close to Stuttgart Airport.

Every July the park hosts the popular Lichterfest Stuttgart. Thousands of lanterns are placed around the park, decorating the park for a variety of family activities throughout. After dark, there is a fireworks show accompanied by music. Visitors often bring blankets to sit on for the show.

Killesberg railway
Since its opening, the park has been home to the 381-millimetre (15-inch) narrow-gauge Killesberg railway. In the summer months, visitors can see two diesel and two steam locomotives, which have been fixtures in the park since 1950. The horticultural show of 1939 saw the opening of the railway, when two borrowed steam engines from Leipzig traversed a short stretch of track. During World War II, the steam engines were returned to Leipzig for use there. New locomotives were purchased, and today there are two diesel and three steam engines in use.

Killesberg tower
Completed in 2001 the Killesberg Tower is a 40m high observation tower, overlooking the park. It was designed by Jörg Schlaich, using cable-stayed bridge technology.

Other features
From the 1950s until the 1980s there was a chair lift for visitors to enjoy views of the fairgrounds and parklands.

The twenty-metre high Bismarck tower stands one kilometre south-west of the exhibition halls. It was built on the Gaehkopf, the highest point in northern Stuttgart, giving good views of Stuttgart itself and in all directions. It was one of many towers built to commemorate Otto von Bismarck. The building of over 410 Bismarck towers worldwide was planned, and 238 were actually built. The building of the tower was begun in 1902 by the students of the technical university in Stuttgart. The Stuttgart Bismarck tower was opened on 16 July 1904. In 2004, for its 100th anniversary, it was comprehensively renovated.

Surroundings

 * Near the Bismarck tower is the Theodor Heuss house, the house of the first German Federal President, which has been converted into a museum.
 * An open-air swimming pool borders the fairground buildings to the north.
 * To the southwest lies the Weissenhof Settlement of 1927, a protected monument, exhibiting "the dwelling" as initiated by the German work federation.
 * The American scholar and writer Richard J. Powers lives in the area.

title: Killesbergpark


text: File:EyeToy Play.jpg

title: File:EyeToy Play.jpg


text:
Olof von Dalin

Olof von Dalin (29 August 1708 – 12 August 1763) was a Swedish nobleman, poet, historian and courtier. He was an influential literary figure of the Swedish Enlightenment.

Background
Olof Dalin was born in the parish of Vinberg in Halland. His father was the parish minister. His birth name prior to knighthood was Dahlin. Olof Dalin's father had taken his name from his hometown, Dalstorp in the County of Älvsborg. He was closely related to Andreas Rydelius (1671–1738), Bishop of Lund, and he was sent at a very early age to be instructed by him. Carl Linnaeus was one of his fellow-pupils.

Career
In 1723, while studying at Lund University, he first accompanying his stepfather, Severin Böckman, to Stockholm and in 1726 he entered into public office there. Under the patronage of Baron Claes Rålamb (1682–1751) he rapidly rose to favor, and his skill and intelligence won him a golden reputation. In the 1730s, Dalin wrote plays for the theatre, inspired by French dramas and much admired by his contemporaries. In 1733 he started the weekly Svenska Argus, on the model of Joseph Addison's The Spectator, writing anonymously until 1736. Svenska Argus was a champion of the Enlightenment and aimed to raise the level of culture in Sweden. His next work was Tankar öfver Critiquer (1736). He became Royal Librarian (1737–39) and was later appointed Rikshistoriograf (National Historiographer) (1755–56). With the avowed purpose of enlarging the horizons of his cultivation and tastes, Dalin set off, in the company of his pupil, Baron Rålamb's son, on a tour through Germany and France, in 1739-1740. Upon his return, the shifting political life at home caused him to write his famous satirical allegories, Sagan om Hästen and Aprilverk (1738), that were very popular and inspired countless imitations.

During the early part of his life, he was universally admitted to be facile princeps among the Swedish poets of his time. His dramas were also of interest, particularly his comedy of Den afvundsjuke (1738). He also wrote a tragedy, Brynilda (1759), and a pastoral in three scenes upon King Adolphus Frederick's return from Finland.

His didactic epos of Svenska Friheten appeared in 1742. Hitherto, Addison and Alexander Pope had been his models. In this work he draws his inspiration from Thomson, whose poem, Liberty, he emulated. In 1742, he was made a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Dalin started publishing his Swedish history, Svea Rikes Historia in 1747. He would die before this work was complete.

On the accession of King Adolphus Frederick of Sweden in 1751, Dalin received the post of Tutor to the crown prince – afterwards Gustavus III. He had enjoyed the confidence of Queen Louisa Ulrika, sister of Frederick the Great of Prussia, while she was crown princess, and she now made him secretary of the Swedish Academy of Letters, founded by her in 1753.

His position at court involved him in the queen's political intrigues, and separated him to a vexatious degree from the studies wherein he had hitherto been absorbed. He held the post of Tutor to the crown prince until 1756, when he was arrested on suspicion of taking part in the attempted coup d'état that year, and was tried for his life before the diet. He was acquitted, but was forbidden to show himself at court on any pretense. This period of exile, lasting until 1761, Dalin spent in the preparation of the third volume of his great historical work, the Svea Rikes historia, that related events up to the death of King Charles IX of Sweden in 1611. The first two volumes appeared in 1746-1750; the third, in two parts, in 1760-1762.

Dalin had been made a noble in 1751, and made privy councillor in 1753. In 1761, he once more took his place at court. During his exile, however, his spirit and his health had been broken. In a fit of panic, he had destroyed some manuscripts of his best unpublished works, and this he constantly brooded over. In 1763, he died at his house in Drottningholm.

Posthumous works
In the year 1767, his writings in belles lettres were issued in six volumes, edited by his half brother, J. C. Bökman. Amid an enormous mass of occasional verses, anagrams, epigrams, impromptus and the like, his satires and serious poems were almost buried. But some of these former, even, are found to be songs of remarkable grace and delicacy, and many display a love of natural scenery, and a knowledge of its forms.

Selected works

 * Brynilda (1738)
 * Den afwundsiuke (1738)
 * Sagan om hästen (1740)
 * Swenska friheten (1742)
 * Svea rikes historia (Volume 1-4, 1747–1762)
 * Witterhets-Arbeten (Volume 1-6, 1767; postumt)

Olof von Dalin Society
The Olof von Dalin Society was founded in 1995 at Dalin's native Vinberg near Falkenberg, Sweden. Its mission is to encourage the study, appreciation and understanding of Olof von Dalin, his works, his life and his times.

Other sources

 * Carlsson, Ingemar Olof von Dalin - Samhällsdebattör, Historiker, Språkförnyare  (CAL-förlaget. Falkenberg 1997)
 * Carlsson, Ingemar Olof von Dalin som tecknare (Förlag Utsikten, Falkenberg 2003)
 * Warburg, Karl Johan, Olof Dalin: Hans life och gerning: Litterturhistorisk Avhandling (Stockholm : Norstedt, 1884)
 * Wikander, Ruth Studier över stil och språk i Dalins Argus (Uppsala : Appelberg, 1924)

title: Olof von Dalin


text:
Svend Auken

Svend Gunnarsen Auken (24 May 1943 – 4 August 2009) was a Danish politician. He represented the Social Democrats as a member of the Danish parliament (Folketinget) from 1971 until his death.

He was married to journalist and editor Bettina Heltberg from 1966 to 1993. At his death he was married to film director Anne Wivel. He had four children. Margrete Auken is his sister.

He died of prostate cancer on 4 August 2009.

Political career
Auken held a degree in political science from the University of Aarhus and also taught there for a period in the very early 1970s. He was Minister of Employment from 1 October 1977 to 10 September 1982 in the Cabinet of Anker Jørgensen II, III, IV, and V.

In 1987 Svend Auken succeeded Jørgensen as leader of the Danish Social Democrats, at that time an opposition party to the government of Prime Minister Poul Schlüter. After making big gains in the 1990 general election, he was subsequently unable to put together a workable coalition, partly because of bad personal relations with prominent politicians in the traditional coalition party of the Social Democrats, Det Radikale Venstre (The Social Liberal Party of Denmark).

His position as leader of the Social Democrats was challenged in 1992 by Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, who went on to win the internal election. That gave Auken the dubious distinction of being the first Social Democratic leader since 1910 to not become prime minister. (Subsequently, this has happened to Mogens Lykketoft, leader from 2002 to 2005, as well.)

Poul Nyrup Rasmussen went on to become Prime Minister of Denmark in 1993, and Auken served as Minister for the Environment from 25 January 1993 to 27 September 1994 in the Cabinet of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen I and was Minister for the Environment and Energy from 27 September 1994 to 27 November 2001 in the Cabinet of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen II, III and IV.

After the defeat of Rasmussen's government in the general election of 2001, Svend Auken continued to serve as a member of the Danish parliament. He was the EU-affairs spokesman of his party until his death, and he maintained a high profile on environmental issues.

Svend Auken was generally acknowledged to be one of the most naturally gifted and charismatic Danish politicians of his generation, and he is sometimes referred to as "the best Prime Minister Denmark never had". He is one of the few Danish politicians to be honoured in the United States House of Representatives.

title: Svend Auken


text: User talk:24.4.187.192

title: User talk:24.4.187.192


text:
User:IsaacBarry

 * Game designer in Issaquah, Washington— at.
 * Primarily interested in subjects relevant to game design:
 * The brain
 * Embodied_philosophy
 * Emotions
 * Neuropsychology
 * Somatic_marker_hypothesis
 * behaviour
 * Human_behavior
 * Behavioral_science
 * Cognitive_Linguistics
 * Conceptual_metaphor
 * Blog about games, brain, and stuff at Play Cube.
 * Wrote the chapter on game design for Introduction to Game Development

title: User:IsaacBarry


text:
Park Street Under

Park Street Under is a sitcom set in a fictional subterranean bar near the Park Street subway station in Boston, Massachusetts. It was produced starting in 1979 by Boston television station WCVB-TV. This was a rare example in the United States of a half-hour sitcom produced by a local station during the 1970s. Park Street Under was, at least in popular legend, an inspiration for the NBC sitcom Cheers, which was also set in a fictional Boston bar (in a basement), with several similar characters.

The cast included Steve Sweeney and James Spruill, father of filmmaker Robert Patton-Spruill. The scripts were by Jonathan Stathakis and Stu Taylor.

Park Street Under is also the original name for the Red Line subway platforms at Park Street, which are located underneath the older streetcar tunnels that became the Green Line.

title: Park Street Under


text:
Tagblatt-Turm

Tagblatt-Turm (Daily Newspaper Tower) is a 61 m, the 16-storey skyscraper in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

The landmark Tagblatt-Turm was designed by architect Ernst Otto Oßwald, and is one of Germany's earliest high-rises, constructed between 1924 and 1928 and made from crushed stone and cement. Upon completion it was the tallest building in the city after the old 1905 city hall, and the highest office building in Germany. Its modern design caused controversy during construction, however, the building has since been recognized as a cultural and architectural landmark. The earliest high-rise office building erected from cement and steel was the Zeiss Building in Jena, built by the Dywidag company of Nuremberg in 1912 to house Zeiss' corporate headquarters.

From 1928 to 1943, the tower was the seat of the editorship and publishing house of the Stuttgarter Neues Tagblatt, a local newspaper; the building derives its name from this original tenant. After World War II until 1978, the tower served as the headquarters for the two newspapers Stuttgarter Zeitung and the Stuttgarter Nachrichten. In 2004, after extensive renovations, the tower was converted into a cultural center with several theatres under the name Kultur unterm Turm.

title: Tagblatt-Turm


text:
Clairvius Narcisse

Clairvius Narcisse (January 2, 1922 – 1994) was a Haitian man who claimed to have been turned into a zombie by a Haitian vodou, and forced to work as a slave.

The hypothesis for Narcisse's account was that he had been administered a combination of psychoactive substances (often the paralyzing pufferfish venom tetrodotoxin and the strong deliriant Datura), which rendered him helpless and seemingly dead.

The greatest proponent of this possibility was Wade Davis, a graduate student in ethnobotany at Harvard University, who published two popular books based on his travels and ideas during and immediately following his graduate training.

However, subsequent examinations (using tools of analytical chemistry alongside critical review of earlier reports) have failed to support the presence of the key active compounds in the supposed zombie preparation, which was central to the phenomenon and mechanism reported by Davis.

Biography
Narcisse admitted himself to the Schweitzer Hospital (operated by American medical staff) in Deschapelles, Haiti, on April 30, 1962. He had a fever and fatigue, and was spitting up blood. Doctors could find no explanation for his symptoms, which gradually grew worse until he appeared to die three days later. He was pronounced dead, and held in cold storage for about a day before burial.

In 1980, a man identifying himself as Clairvius Narcisse approached Angelina Narcisse in the city of L'Estère, convincing her and several other villagers of his identity by using a childhood nickname and sharing intimate family information. He claimed that he had been conscious but paralyzed during his supposed death and burial, and had subsequently been removed from his grave and forced to work at a sugar plantation.

Per his account, after his apparent death and subsequent burial on May 2, 1962, his coffin was exhumed and he was given a paste possibly made from Datura, which at certain doses has a hallucinogenic effect and can cause memory loss. The bokor who recovered him then, as stated, reportedly forced him, alongside others, to work on a sugar plantation until the master's death two years later. When the bokor died, and regular doses of the hallucinogen ceased, he eventually regained sanity and returned to his family after another 16 years. Narcisse was immediately recognized by the villagers and his family. When he told them the story of how he was dug up from his grave and enslaved, the villagers were surprised, but they accepted his story because they believed his experience resulted from the power of voodoo magic. He was seen as the man who was once a zombie.

It has been further argued that Narcisse had broken one of the traditional behavioral codes by abandoning his children and was made into a "zombie" as a punishment. When questioned, Narcisse told investigators that the sorcerer involved had "taken his soul". The instigator of the poisoning was alleged to be Clairvius's brother, with whom Clairvius had quarreled over land and inheritance. He only returned home once he heard of his brother's death.

This case puzzled many doctors because Narcisse's death was documented and verified by the testimonies of two American doctors. The case of Narcisse was argued to be the first verifiable example of the transformation of an individual into a zombie. Narcisse's story intrigued Haitian psychiatrist Lamarque Douyon. Though dismissing supernatural explanations, Douyon believed there was some degree of truth to tales of zombies and he had been studying such accounts for decades. Suspecting zombies were somehow drugged and then revived, Douyon reached out to colleagues in America. Wade Davis traveled to Haiti, where he obtained samples of powders purportedly used to create zombies.

Hypothesis and research
Based on the presumption that tetrodotoxin and related toxins are not always fatal, but at near-lethal doses can leave a person in a state of near-death for several days with the person remaining conscious, tetrodotoxin has been alleged to turn human beings into zombies, and has been suggested as an ingredient in Haitian Vodou preparations.

This idea appeared in print as early as the 1938 non-fiction book Tell My Horse by Zora Neale Hurston, which reported multiple accounts of purported tetrodotoxin poisoning in Haiti, by a bokor (voodoo sorcerer).

The concept was subsequently popularized in the 1980s by ethnobotanist Wade Davis.

However, subsequent research has discredited the tetrodotoxin-zombie hypothesis by using analytical chemistry-based tests of multiple preparations, and review of earlier reports (see below).

After various anthropological investigations of "zombie" stories in various cultures—including Narcisse and a handful of others—reports appeared that Narcisse received a dose of a chemical mixture containing tetrodotoxin (a pufferfish toxin) and bufotoxin (a toad toxin) to induce a coma that mimicked the appearance of death. He was then allowed to return to his home where he collapsed, "died", and was buried.

The Canadian ethnobotanist Wade Davis, who did research related to the implication that tetrodotoxin was present, hypothesized how this might have been done. The bokor (sorcerer) would have given Narcisse a powder containing the tetrodotoxin through abraded skin. Narcisse would then have fallen into a comatose state, closely resembling death, which resulted in his live burial. His body would then have been recovered and he would have been given doses of Datura stramonium to create a compliant zombie-like state, and set to work on a plantation. After two years, the plantation owner died and Narcisse would have simply walked away to freedom.

Skepticism
While in these popular accounts, and in Haiti, tetrodotoxin is thought to have been used in voodoo preparations, in so-called zombie poisons, subsequent careful analysis has repeatedly called these accounts and early analytical studies into question on technical grounds; moreover, they have failed to identify the toxin in any such preparation,  such that discussion of the matter of tetrodotoxin use in this way has all but disappeared from the primary literature since the early 1990s. Kao and Yasumoto concluded in the first of their papers in 1986 (and remained unswerving on the matter in their later work) that "the widely circulated claim in the lay press to the effect that tetrodotoxin is ... causal agent" in a "zombification process" is, in their view, "without factual foundation."

Kao, of the State University of New York, when interviewed on the matter in 1988, stated, "I actually feel this is an issue of fraud in science". A supporter of Wade, Bo Holmstedt of the Karolinska Institute, more restrained, stated that it was "not deliberated fraud," rather that it was "withholding negative data" (i.e.,data which fails to support the desired conclusions) and therefore "simply bad science."

Davis responded formally to the charges, arguing the variability of the preparations (as cause for Kao's inability to find the toxin in any) and possible ineptitude in dissolving the toxin by the otherwise admittedly expert Kao, and speculating on the presence of "other ingredients" in the preparations to "enable transport across the blood–brain barrier" thus providing the needed "reduction of three orders of magnitude" of the amount needed to result in the claimed effects, and arguing that "only when the bokor … causes others to believe the victim is dead and then revived" do his efforts become apparent, and that only a single "success … would be sufficient to support the cultural belief in the … phenomenon." As of 1990, his critics were unpersuaded, and no literature to support the original contentions has yet appeared as of 2015, although lively popular description, especially on the web, continues.

Cinema
Narcisse's story was loosely adapted into The Serpent and the Rainbow, a 1988 American horror film directed by Wes Craven.

Zombi Child, a 2019 French drama film, is also inspired by his story.

title: Clairvius Narcisse


text: File:EyeToy Groove.jpg

title: File:EyeToy Groove.jpg