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The Corporation (professional wrestling)

The Corporation was a heel stable in the late 1990s in the Attitude Era in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE).

It was led by the McMahon family and was characterized by an authoritarian and corrupt attitude towards more rebellious wrestlers. The Corporation existed throughout 1998 and 1999 and feuded with Stone Cold Steve Austin, Mankind, D-Generation X (DX), and The Ministry of Darkness, eventually merging with the latter and forming The Corporate Ministry.

History
The group was put together and led by WWF chairman Mr. McMahon in an attempt to secure control of the WWF and eliminate the more rebellious wrestlers, such as Stone Cold Steve Austin. Previously, McMahon started surrounding himself with an entourage consisting of The Corporate Stooges, Gerald Brisco and Pat Patterson, WWF commissioner Slaughter and his personal enforcer Big Boss Man to help him quell the rebellious actions of Steve Austin. The Corporation was officially formed on November 16, 1998 when Shane and Vince McMahon along with Big Boss Man, Slaughter, and Pat Patterson and Gerald Brisco reconciled, joining forces with The Rock. Rock was The Corporation's proclaimed "Crown Jewel" (and whom they helped win the WWF Championship at Survivor Series), holding the WWF Championship three times while part of the group. Later in the show, Intercontinental Champion Ken Shamrock would be recruited onto "Team Corporate", an unofficial name stated by announcer Jim Ross.

The group became notorious for using their political stroke in the company to give the group vast degrees of advantages in matches. Corporation members were known to adopt "cleaned-up businessmen" modifications to their individual characters. For example, The Rock's "People's Champion" modus operandi changed, as he became known as "The Corporate Champion" and the "People's Elbow" became "The Corporate Elbow" during his tenure in the stable. The group subsequently became the most dominant stable in the company by the end of 1998, with Corporate members The Rock, Ken Shamrock, and Big Boss Man holding the WWF, Intercontinental, and Hardcore Championships respectively. Shamrock and Boss Man were briefly double champions as well during this time, as they held the WWF Tag Team Championship.

The group proceeded to terrorize the rest of the WWF roster as well, freely using their political strokes and corporate agenda to put down their authority on other wrestlers. Besides Steve Austin, who was their main adversary, the popular faction of rebels D-Generation X (DX) butted heads with the stable over principles with DX leader Triple H challenging The Rock for the WWF Championship, but often losing due to screwing on the part of The Corporation. The stable also found themselves under attack by Mankind, who was still bitter at Mr. McMahon for screwing him out of the WWF title at Survivor Series by having the bell rung when The Rock put the Sharpshooter on him immediately despite not tapping (recreating the previous year's Montreal Screwjob).

Though the group remained on top of the federation heading into 1999, members began to dwindle throughout the year. Then-commissioner Shawn Michaels was the first, having viciously being attacked by the group in a parking lot once it became clear he began to make decisions that did not cater to their interests. In reality, Michaels needed to have back surgery and the attack was to write him off television. Michaels was originally given the vacant commissioner position left by founding Corporation member Slaughter to use his powers on their behalf. Kane's membership was unsteady from the start as he was only a member because the McMahons threatened to send him back to the insane asylum if he did not cooperate with them. Kane officially left the group after WrestleMania XV when Chyna, who was coerced into leaving DX, turned on him during his match with Triple H, who in turn betrayed his DX brethren when he assisted Shane in his European Championship defense against X-Pac and joined forces with the Corporation.

When they entered a feud with The Ministry of Darkness who wanted to control WWF, Undertaker started to attack McMahon's family and Corporation, with a series of events like using Shane as a messenger boy, burning Stephanie's teddy bear, sacrificing Big Bossman, invading Vince's house. At WrestleMania XV, Undertaker defeated the Big Bossman. He hanged Bossman with help of The Brood and Paul Bearer. After WrestleMania XV, Mr. McMahon was kicked out and his position as leader was usurped by Shane, who justified his actions by pointing out that Vince no longer cared about The Corporation and only about Stephanie McMahon, who was a target of The Undertaker. Brisco and Patterson were kicked out, with Shane stating there was no room in The Corporation for the old and replaced them with The Mean Street Posse. Ken Shamrock walked out on the group when he showed more loyalty to his sister Ryan, who was also being threatened by The Undertaker. Test took a beating and was kicked out after Shane stated that there was no room for the weak. Finally, The Rock was kicked out after he failed to take back the WWF title from Steve Austin at Backlash, thanks to a botched interference from Shane McMahon and spouting venomous remarks that caused Shane to have the remaining Corporation members attack him.

With their dwindling numbers, they merged with the Ministry of Darkness to create The Corporate Ministry, thus revealing that the loss of members in the Corporation was a process of elimination, separating loyal members from the ones that would be troublesome. Vince McMahon rejoined the stable when it was revealed that he was the "higher power" of the Ministry of Darkness. The Corporate Ministry, however, crumbled when the Undertaker's relationship with Vince McMahon deteriorated after a loss to Austin over the WWF Championship in a First Blood match, and with that The Corporation was officially over. The storyline for this was cut, however, due to a legitimate injury from the Undertaker. Later on in 2000, remnants of the Corporation (Shane, Vince McMahon, and The Stooges), allied with then heels DX in 2000, creating The McMahon-Helmsley Faction. Although considered a different group, its goals and format were similar to The Corporation.

The Union
The Union (aka Union of People You Oughta Respect, Son, or U.P.Y.O.R.S.) was a short lived stable consisting of former Corporation members Ken Shamrock, Big Show and Test, and their leader, Mankind. They were a face stable who rebelled against the Corporate Ministry. The stable members came together because they felt they were being treated unjustly by The Corporation since Shane McMahon usurped power in the stable from his father, Vince McMahon. The group formed on May 3, 1999, four days after The Undertaker's Ministry of Darkness and Shane's Corporation merged to create The Corporate Ministry.

The four Union members were not alone as they feuded with the Corporate Ministry. The ousted chairman Vince McMahon briefly led the Union into battle, and superstars such as The Rock, Stone Cold Steve Austin, and WWF commissioner Shawn Michaels were loosely allied with the Union, as they all had common enemies in the Corporate Ministry. At Over the Edge, The Union defeated a Corporate Ministry team consisting of The Acolytes, Viscera and Big Bossman in an elimination match.

On May 31, Mankind received several sledgehammer blows to the knee in a hardcore match against Triple H. In reality, Mick Foley had needed knee surgery due to injuries suffered months earlier at Survivor Series and St. Valentine's Day Massacre. He would be unable to wrestle until August 1999. The following week, Mr. McMahon revealed himself as the "higher power" which The Undertaker had been taking orders from the entire time he was in command of the Ministry of Darkness, and later the Corporate Ministry. With their lead wrestler injured and their enemy evolved into a different group, the Union quietly disbanded.

Championships and accomplishments

 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * Feud of the Year (1998, 1999) – Mr. McMahon (vs. Stone Cold Steve Austin)
 * Match of the Year (1999) – The Rock (vs. Mankind)
 * Most Popular Wrestler of the Year (1999) – The Rock
 * Rookie of the Year (1999) – Shane McMahon
 * World Wrestling Federation
 * WWF Championship (3 times) – The Rock
 * WWF European Championship (1 time) – Shane McMahon
 * WWF Hardcore Championship (1 time) – Big Boss Man
 * WWF Intercontinental Championship (1 time) – Ken Shamrock
 * WWF Tag Team Championship (1 time) – Big Boss Man and Ken Shamrock
 * Royal Rumble (1999) – Mr. McMahon
 * Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 * Best Booker (1998, 1999) – Mr. McMahon
 * Best Gimmick (1999) – The Rock
 * Best on Interviews (1999) – The Rock
 * Best Non-Wrestler (1999) – Mr. McMahon
 * Feud of the Year (1998, 1999) – Mr. McMahon (vs. Stone Cold Steve Austin)
 * Most Charismatic (1999) – The Rock
 * Most Improved (1998) – The Rock
 * Promoter of the Year (1998) – Mr. McMahon

1 McMahon refused the award, stating: "These are for the boys, not me".


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User talk:Leftwinguk

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Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Leftwinguk! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to insure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. if you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Leftwinguk


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User talk:Dapete

Archive:
 * up to 1 February 2009
 * up until now

What's up with catgraph?
I'm looking for a way to visualize categories.
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category#Displaying_category_trees_and_page_counts suggested
 * http://tools.wikimedia.de/~dapete/catgraph/ which redirects to
 * https://tools.wmflabs.org/vcat/catgraphConvert/ which shows nothing

Would you be so kind to bring this up? Or maybe you know an alterantive tool I can use? --Vladimir Alexiev (talk) 22:54, 23 January 2015 (UTC)

 * Catgraph no longer exists, but has been replaced by vCat which is (mostly) the same under a different name. I have changed the link on Help:Category to meta:User:Dapete/vCat, which is my documentation page for this. You were unlucky, the tool was also temporarily broken, otherwise the page you were redirected to would also have pointed you there. -- da pete 10:59, 24 January 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:50, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dapete


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Dunipace F.C.

Dunipace Football Club are a Scottish football club based in Denny, Stirlingshire. Nicknamed the Pace, they were formed in 1888 and are based at Westfield Park. The team plays in the, having moved from the junior leagues in 2018.

The club won the Scottish Junior Cup in 1905–06, defeating Kirkintilloch Rob Roy 1–0 in a replay at Brockville Park, Falkirk, following a 2–2 draw in the first tie at Meadowside, Partick. Dunipace were also runners-up to Inverkeithing United in the final seven years later.

The club's management team of Danny Smith (Manager), Alan Moffat (Assistant Manager) and Bruce Totten (Coach) was appointed in November 2020. Both Danny & Alan previously had spells as players with the club.

On 27 April 2018 the club announced that it had successfully applied to leave the West Region of junior football and join the East of Scotland League for season 2018–19. As part of the club's move to senior football, its name was changed to reflect this, by dropping the term "Juniors". This was a part of a larger movement of junior clubs to the East of Scotland Football League.

At the start of their first season in senior football, the club's Westfield Park ground was upgraded with an artificial turf surface and floodlights installed, reopening in October 2018. Dunipace won their first trophy as a senior club in August 2021 after defeating Broomhill 3–1 in the delayed final of the 2019–20 South Challenge Cup and were runners-up in two cup the following season.

The club won their first league title in 25 years after securing the East of Scotland League First Division at the end of the 2023–24 season, gaining promotion to the Premier Division.

Major honours
Scottish Junior Cup

East of Scotland League First Division
 * Winners: 1905–06
 * Runners-up: 1912–13

 * Winners: 2023–24

Central League Division 1

 * Runners-up: 2004–05

Central League Division 2

SFA South Region Challenge Cup
 * Winners (3): 1972–73, 1981–82, 1998–99
 * Runners-up: 2008–09

King Cup
 * Winners: 2019–20

East of Scotland Football League Cup
 * Runners-up: 2022–23

 * Runners-up: 2022–23

Other honours

 * Stirling and District Junior Cup: 1898–99, 1899–90, 1900–91, 1901–02, 1902–03, 1904–05, 1905–06, 1912–13, 1919–20, 1920–21, 1921–22, 1922–23, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35
 * Stirlingshire Junior League Winners: 1900–01, 1901–02, 1902–03, 1903–04, 1904–05, 1906–07, 1907–08, 1908–09, 1912–13, 1913–14, 1914–15, 1919–20, 1920–21, 1921–22, 1922–23, 1923–24
 * Stirlingshire Junior Cup: 1901–02, 1902–03, 1904–05, 1905–06, 1908–09, 1910–11, 1911–12, 1912–13, 1919–20, 1934–35
 * Falkirk & District Junior Cup: 1901–02, 1902–03, 1903–04, 1905–06, 1908–09, 1911–12, 1912–13, 1920–21, 1921–22, 1922–23, 1927–28, 1929–30
 * Denny and District Cottage Hospital Shield: 1901–02, 1904–05, 1905–06, 1906–07, 1907–08, 1908–09, 1909–10
 * Stirlingshire Charity Cup: 1920–21
 * Stirlingshire League Cup: 1920–21, 1921–22, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1926–27
 * Scottish Junior League (Eastern) winners: 1927–28
 * Victory Cup: 1927–28, 1938–39
 * McLeod Trophy: 1972–73
 * Centenary Cup: 1987–88
 * Central Region Sectional League Cup: 1989–90
 * Bert McNab Cup: 1992–93
 * Evening Times Cup: 1998–99

title: Dunipace F.C.


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Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta

Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta (29 January 1945 – 16 January 2022), often known by his initials IBK, was a Malian politician who served as the president of Mali from September 2013 to August 2020, when he was forced to resign in the 2020 Malian coup d'état. He served as Mali's prime minister from February 1994 to February 2000 and as president of the National Assembly of Mali from September 2002 to September 2007.

Keïta founded the centre-left political party Rally for Mali (RPM) in 2001. After a number of unsuccessful campaigns, he was elected president in the 2013 presidential election and reelected in 2018. He was deposed by mutinous elements of the Malian Armed Forces on 18 August 2020 and officially resigned the following day.

Early life and education
Keïta was born in Koutiala, in what was then French Sudan. His great-grandfather reportedly fought on the French side during World War I and was killed at the Battle of Verdun. Keïta studied at the Lycée Janson-de-Sailly in Paris and Lycée Askia-Mohamed in Bamako, continuing his education at the University of Dakar, the University of Paris I and the Institut d'Histoire des Relations Internationales Contemporaines  (IHRIC; Institute of the Modern History of International Relations). He graduated with a master's degree in history and postgraduate degrees in political science and international relations.

After his studies, he was a researcher at the CNRS and taught Third World politics at the University of Paris I. Returning to Mali in 1986, he became a technical consultant for the European Development Fund, putting together the first small-scale development program for the European Union's aid activities in Mali. He went on to become Mali director for the French chapter of Terre des hommes, an international NGO aiding children in the developing world.

Early political career
Upon the founding of the Alliance for Democracy in Mali (ADEMA-PASJ), Keïta became its Secretary for African and International Relations at its constitutive congress, held on 25–26 May 1991. He was the deputy director of ADEMA candidate Alpha Oumar Konaré's successful presidential campaign in 1992. The new president named Keïta as his senior diplomatic adviser and spokesman in June 1992, and then in November 1992 Konaré appointed Keïta as Ambassador to Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Burkina Faso and Niger.

In November 1993, Keïta was appointed to the Malian government as Minister of External Affairs, Malians Abroad, and African Integration. On 4 February 1994, President Konaré named him prime minister, a position he held until February 2000. At ADEMA's first ordinary congress, held in September 1994, Keïta was elected as the president of ADEMA. Following presidential and parliamentary elections held in 1997, he resigned from his post as prime minister on 13 September 1997 and was promptly reappointed by Konaré, with a new government appointed on 16 September. Keïta was re-elected as ADEMA president in October 1999, and in November 1999, he was named vice-president of the Socialist International.

Disagreements within ADEMA forced him to resign as prime minister on 14 February 2000, and then from the leadership of the party in October 2000. He then founded his own party, the Rally for Mali (RPM), which he has led since its creation was announced on 30 June 2001. He stood as a candidate in the 2002 presidential election, receiving the strong backing of many Muslim leaders and associations. Despite this support, some people doubted that Keïta's policies were particularly compatible with Islam, pointing to the creation of casinos and lotteries while he was Prime Minister. In the first round of the election, held on 28 April, he received about 21% of the vote and took third place, behind Amadou Toumani Touré and Soumaïla Cissé. He denounced the election as fraudulent, alleging that he was deliberately and falsely excluded from the second round, and along with other candidates sought the invalidation of results. On 9 May the Constitutional Court ruled that the second round should proceed with Touré and Cissé as the top two candidates, despite acknowledging significant irregularities and disqualifying a quarter of the votes because of the irregularities. According to the Constitutional Court, Keïta won 21.03% of the vote, only about 4,000 votes less than Cissé. On the same day, Keïta announced the support of his Espoir 2002 alliance for Touré in the second round; regarding the Court's ruling, he described himself as "a law-abiding person" and said that the Court had followed the law. The second round was won by Touré.

In the July 2002 parliamentary election, Keïta was elected to a seat in the National Assembly from Commune IV in Bamako District in the first round. He was then elected as President of the National Assembly on 16 September 2002,  receiving broad support, including the backing of ADEMA. He received 115 votes from the 138 participating deputies; the only other candidate, Noumoutié Sogoba of African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence (SADI), received eight votes, while 15 deputies abstained.

Keïta was also elected as President of the Executive Committee of the African Parliamentary Union on 24 October 2002 at its Khartoum Conference.

He ran for president again, as the candidate of the Rally for Mali, in the April 2007 election, having been designated as the party's candidate on 28 January 2007. Touré won the election by a landslide, while Keita took second place and 19.15% of the vote. As part of the Front for Democracy and the Republic (FDR), a coalition that included Keita as well as three other presidential candidates, Keita disputed the results and sought the annulment of the election, alleging fraud. On 19 May, he said that the FDR would abide by the decision of the Constitutional Court to confirm Touré's victory.

In the July 2007 parliamentary election, Keïta ran for re-election to the National Assembly from Commune IV in Bamako, where 17 lists competed for the two available seats, on an RPM list together with Abdramane Sylla. Keïta's list received 31.52% of the vote in the first round, held on 1 July, slightly ahead of the list of independent candidate Moussa Mara, which received 30.70%. In the second round on 22 July, Keïta's list narrowly prevailed, winning 51.59% of the vote according to provisional results. He was not a candidate for re-election as President of the National Assembly at the opening of the new National Assembly on 3 September; the position was won by ADEMA President Dioncounda Traoré.

Keïta was a member of the Pan-African Parliament from Mali. As of 2007–2008, he was a member of the Commission of Foreign Affairs, Malians Living Abroad, and African Integration in the National Assembly. In addition to serving in the National Assembly, Keïta was a member of the Parliament of the Economic Community of West African States.

President of Mali

Keïta again ran for president in the July–August 2013 presidential election and was considered a front-runner. He won the election in a second round of voting, defeating Soumaïla Cissé, and was sworn in by the Supreme Court of Mali as president on 4 September 2013.

Keïta had vowed to prioritize ability rather than political considerations when appointing ministers, and on 5 September 2013 he appointed a technocrat, banking official Oumar Tatam Ly, as prime minister. After Oumar Tatam Ly's resignation, Keïta appointed Moussa Mara (5 April 2014 to 9 January 2015) and Modibo Keita (9 January 2015 to 7 April 2017). Upon Keita's resignation, Soumeylou Boubéye Maïga was appointed prime minister (31 December 2017 – 18 April 2019) but resigned on 18 April 2019 amid public protests following the Ogossagou massacre. Keita named Boubou Cissé as Maïga's replacement on 22 April.

Throughout his presidency, Keïta worked tirelessly to strengthen democracy and seek peace with the rebels and bring stability in Mali as the Mali War continued onward. He was unwavering in his determination for national dialogue and reconciliation with parties across the country whilst leading efforts against insurgents and terrorists during his presidency. Another challenge during his tenure in office was the infrastructure since income was low is undiversified and vulnerable to commodity fluctuations. As the president of Mali poverty would decrease from 94% to 80.50% when his presidency ended in the 2020 Malian coup d'état. The cause for this was a 50 million dollar agreement with the World Bank to protect poor Malians and to boost the Country’s recovery from crisis. The agreement with the world bank will support emergency recovery programs in the country’s Sustainable Recovery Plan, including strengthening social safety net protection for poor and vulnerable families, deepening controls on budget and transparency, and restoring financial sustainability and investment capacity in the power and water irrigation sectors. These activities are part of a broader policy reform agenda being carried out by the Mali Government.

When taking office in 2013 the MLNA had ended ceasefire after government forces opened fire on unarmed protesters. Following the attack the MLNA launched an attack on the Malian government. Another ceasefire was agreed upon on 20 February 2015 between the Malian government and the northern rebels. In March 2020, Malian authorities recorded the country's first coronavirus infections, in two nationals who had recently arrived from France. Experts fear the country is particularly exposed to an outbreak because of its jihadist conflict, which first broke out in the north in 2012 and has since engulfed the centre. Thousands of soldiers and civilians have died in the Mali war. On 18 March, President Keita suspended flights from affected countries, closed schools and banned large public gatherings. However planned elections in March–April, which had already been postponed several times for the poor security situation in the country, went ahead as planned.

2020 coup
An opposition movement coalesced against Keïta's presidency and its acquiescence to the presence of French troops in the country. This movement gained international visibility through mass demonstrations organized by the June 5 Movement – Rally of Patriotic Forces (M5-RFP), continuing throughout 2020 despite the coronavirus pandemic and police repression. On 18 August 2020, Keïta and Cissé were arrested by mutinying soldiers in a coup d'état. The next day, Keïta dissolved parliament and announced his resignation, saying he wanted "no blood to be spilled" to keep him in power. He was released from custody on 27 August according to a junta spokesman.

Personal life and death
Keïta was married to Keïta Aminata Maiga, who was the First Lady of Mali while Keïta was in office as President, and had four children. His son Karim is a member of the National Assembly and married to a daughter of Issaka Sidibé, President of the National Assembly.

He died in his home in Bamako on 16 January 2022, thirteen days before his 77th birthday.

title: Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Korean art

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. —Korath (Talk) 03:05, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)

Korean art
The article is essentially simply a list of articles on types of Korean art (most of them non-existent); it is essentially doing the job of a category. I've created the category, Category:Korean art, and added it to all the extant articles on the list. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 12:32, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Definite potential for encyclopedia article but deletion would allow someone to create new article. Would vote keep even if decent stub created. Capitalistroadster 13:15, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I thought that, except that the actual and projected articles seem between them to cover everything that might be said on this page. Still, if it could be shown that a useful article could be created, I'd certainly change my vote. Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:06, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep now that article discusses Korean art. Still some room for expansion. Capitalistroadster 10:04, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, categories cannot replace lists, due to lack of annotation, lack of red links, lack of flexibility to merge/demerge, inability to cope with duplicate names, etc. Kappa 16:54, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I thought that lists were deprecated? Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:06, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * They aren't yet. The idea was to have categories deprecate (some) lists - but currently lists have some functionality that cats don't. This is expected to be fixed some time in 2005. Radiant_* 09:48, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Categories can handle redlinks. They go on the category page or on the category page's talk page. Uncle G 18:25, 2005 Apr 8 (UTC)
 * Comment: apart from the list thing, we don't have a history of Korean art yet, and this would seem to be a good place to start it. Kappa 18:57, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep'. Lists are not categories.  RickK 23:08, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The article is now an article. Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:58, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep The article is progressing well indeed and should be of great use to everyone on this obscure subject. Raffles 22:02, April 11, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:193.3.95.240

title: User talk:193.3.95.240


text:
Davids Island (New York)

Davids Island is a 78 acre island off the coast of New Rochelle, New York, in Long Island Sound. Currently uninhabited, it was previously the site of Fort Slocum. The island is home to the endangered Kemp's ridley sea turtle, and birds such as osprey and least terns. Davids Island also supports valuable wetlands, rare rocky intertidal areas, and sandy beaches. The waters surrounding the island are home to winter flounder, Atlantic herring, and Atlantic silverside.

Etymology
The name is often given as "David Hawk's" or "David Hawk" Island, but neither is correct. The island is named after its next-to-last civilian owner before the Army acquired it: New York City ink manufacturer and Westchester County resident Thaddeus Davids. It was first leased (1861–1867), then owned (1867–1965), by the U.S. government, and was known as "Davids Island Military Reservation" until it was renamed "Fort Slocum" on July 1, 1896. Previously, it had been named after other owners and was called successively Bouteillier's, Rodman's, Myer's, Treadwell's, Hewlett's, Allen's, and Morse's Island.

Historical uses
During the last periods before European explorers and colonists arrived, Native Americans inhabited Davids Island. By the mid 17th century, the area that would become New Rochelle was inhabited by a Native American group known as the Siwanoy. Archeological evidence from Davids Island indicates that Native Americans inhabited the island from 1,000 to 1,500 AD. Native Americans began to withdraw from New York's coastal areas in the 1600s, as European traders and colonists began to enter the region. In 1654, Thomas Pell acquired from the Siwanoys title for the land that now includes Davids Island and southern Westchester County.

From colonial times to the mid-19th century, Davids Island was one of many small islands off the north shore of Long Island Sound used for farming and pasturing animals. Permanent Euro-American occupation of Davids Island began with the arrival of Huguenot settlers to the area in the late 1600s.

By the middle of the 19th century, summertime steamboat excursions to New Rochelle gave city dwellers from New York City and Brooklyn a chance to escape the urban crowds and grime for a few hours. Davids, Neptune, and Glen Islands were all regular stops for excursion steamers.

In November 1856, ink manufacturer Thaddeus Davids purchased the island, after which time the island took his name. Davids had intended to move his factory to the island but never did so. In 1862, he leased the island to Simeon Leland, a prominent hotelier, who then subleased it to the U.S. War Department for hospital purposes. De Camp General Hospital was soon established, and wooden structures were erected to house thousands of wounded prisoners from the battlefields of the Civil War. By late 1862, De Camp was the Army's largest general hospital, housing more than 2,100 patients. Originally, the hospital treated only Union soldiers, but following the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, the War Department opened it to care for hundreds of wounded Confederate soldiers. Davids Island soon held more than 2,500 Confederate prisoners. Most had recovered by October and were moved to prisoner of war camps elsewhere.

A ferry connection was established from Neptune Island, under the control of Simeon Leland. At the end of the war, Congress authorized the island's purchase for military purposes, and it was conveyed to the United States in 1867. From this date, the federal government operated its own ferry to and from Neptune Island. In July 1878 Davids Island was made a principal depot of the U.S. Army General Recruiting Service, taking over this assignment from Governors Island. This marked the beginning of the installation's longstanding mission as a recruitment and training center.

It was later converted to a coastal artillery defense post and was named Fort Slocum, after Major General Henry W. Slocum, U.S. Volunteers. Between 1891 and 1904, artillery batteries were erected at three places on the eastern half of the island: Battery Practice near the southeastern shoreline; the state-of-the-art heavy mortar battery, Battery Haskin-Overton, near the southern end of the island; and two adjoining medium-range gun batteries, Fraser and Kinney, on the northeastern shore.

At the start of the 20th century, the island had become the East Coast assembly point for units being assigned to America's new overseas operations. By the onset of World War I, it had become one of the busiest recruiting stations in the country, processing 100,000 soldiers per year. From 1946 to 1949, Fort Slocum housed the headquarters of the First Air Force. In June 1949, it was renamed "Slocum Air Force Base"; this only lasted for a year before it was turned back into an Army post in June 1950. From 1955 to 1960, Fort Slocum housed Nike Ajax air-defense battery NY-15. The missiles were stored in underground silos on Hart Island with the radar and control base on Davids Island. In July 1960, after only five years of operation, Nike Battery NY-15 was closed.

In April 1951, the U.S. Army Chaplain School was relocated to Fort Slocum, and became the main tenant on the base until 1962. Four Army ferry boats were used to connect the base to the mainland. The two larger boats, FB-901 and FB-902 carried passengers, cars, and tractor trailer trucks from the mainland to the island. The two smaller boats carried passengers only, and no vehicles. The two smaller boats were also used for occasional excursions, including taking troops and their families to the 1964 N.Y. World Fair in Queens.

In the mid-1960s, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara conducted a highly publicized study to identify Army, Navy and Air Force bases that could be closed or consolidated to try to save money. Fort Slocum was a victim of that study. Fort Slocum was deactivated on November 30, 1965. During the decades that followed, the facilities of the former Army post were neglected and deteriorated severely.

Redevelopment
In 1967, the city of New Rochelle purchased Davids Island, initially using it for the site of a summer camp for New Rochelle youth. During the summers of 1967 and 1968, David's Island was the site for two conferences sponsored by Up With People. In 1968, Consolidated Edison (Con Ed) purchased the island for three million dollars, with a view to building a nuclear power plant there. Con Ed dropped these plans in 1973 and resold the island to New Rochelle in 1976, for $1. In 1977, following ten years of neglect, New Rochelle designated the island, with its remnants of Fort Slocum, as an urban renewal area.

Xanadu Properties Associates proposed to redevelop Davids Island in 1981. Their plans included the construction of a bridge, breakwater for an 800-boat marina, and 2,000 luxury condominium units. However, because of the grand scale of Xanadu's plans, the proposed development was highly controversial among the public. In 1987, a conservation group called Save Davids Island for the Citizens, comprising neighboring property owners and concerned Westchester County residents, formed to oppose Xanadu. Further opposition came from state officials concerned about the potential lack of general public access to shoreline areas. In 1992, the city of New Rochelle opted not to extend Xanadu's status as the designated developer for Davids Island and instead sought new proposals. In response, developer Donald Trump briefly pursued the opportunity to redevelop the island, but the plans were cancelled while still preliminary.

The ruins of Fort Slocum continued to occupy Davids Island into the beginning of the 21st century and were among the factors complicating redevelopment of the island. Beginning in 2004, however, Congress appropriated funds to remove the ruins through a Defense Department program that assists communities in reusing former defense facilities. During the summer of 2008, the city of New Rochelle demolished all remaining structures on the island, including the iconic water tower on the northern end of the island, with plans to turn the island into a park.

title: Davids Island (New York)


text:
URI fragment

In computer hypertext, a URI fragment is a string of characters that refers to a resource that is subordinate to another, primary resource. The primary resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), and the fragment identifier points to the subordinate resource.

The fragment identifier introduced by a hash mark   is the optional last part of a URL for a document. It is typically used to identify a portion of that document. The generic syntax is specified in RFC 3986. The hash mark separator in URIs is not part of the fragment identifier.

Basics
In URIs, a hash mark  introduces the optional fragment near the end of the URL. The generic RFC 3986 syntax for URIs also allows an optional query part introduced by a question mark  . In URIs with a query and a fragment, the fragment follows the query. Query parts depend on the URI scheme and are evaluated by the server—e.g.,  supports queries unlike. Fragments depend on the document MIME type and are evaluated by the client (web browser). Clients are not supposed to send URI fragments to servers when they retrieve a document.

A URI ending with  is permitted by the generic syntax and is a kind of empty fragment. In MIME document types such as  or any XML type, empty identifiers to match this syntactically legal construct are not permitted. Web browsers typically display the top of the document for an empty fragment.

The fragment identifier functions differently to the rest of the URI: its processing is exclusively client-sided with no participation from the web server, though the server typically helps to determine the MIME type, and the MIME type determines the processing of fragments. When an agent (such as a web browser) requests a web resource from a web server, the agent sends the URI to the server, but does not send the fragment. Instead, the agent waits for the server to send the resource, and then the agent processes the resource according to the document type and fragment value.

In an HTML web page, the agent will look for an anchor identified with an HTML tag that includes an  or   attribute equal to the fragment identifier.

Examples

 * In URIs for MIME  pages such as   the fragment refers to the element with.
 * Graphical Web browsers typically scroll to position pages so that the top of the element identified by the fragment id is aligned with the top of the viewport; thus fragment identifiers are often used in tables of content and in permalinks.
 * The appearance of the identified element can be changed through the  CSS pseudoclass; Wikipedia uses this to highlight the selected reference. Notably CSS   can be used to show content only if it is the target, and otherwise hidden by.
 * The deprecated  attribute (allowed only for some elements) had a similar purpose in now obsolete browsers. If present   and   must be identical.
 * In all XML document types including XHTML fragments corresponding to an  or similar   attributes follow the  -syntax and begin with a letter, underscore, or colon. Notably they cannot begin with a digit or hyphen.
 * is one of the few generic XML attributes, e.g.,, which can be used without explicitly declaring a namespace. In XHTML   has to be used, because XHTML was specified before   existed.
 * In XML applications, fragment identifiers in a certain syntax can be XPointers; for example, the fragment identifier in the URI  refers to all XML elements named "Rube" in the document identified by the URI http://www.example.org/foo.xml . An XPointer processor, given that URI, would obtain a representation of the document (such as by requesting it from the Internet) and would return a representation of the document's "Rube" elements.
 * In RDF vocabularies, such as RDFS, OWL, or SKOS, fragment identifiers are used to identify resources in the same XML Namespace, but are not necessarily corresponding to a specific part of a document. For example,  identifies the concept "broader" in SKOS Core vocabulary, but it does not refer to a specific part of the resource identified by , a complete RDF file in which semantics of this specific concept is declared, along with other concepts in the same vocabulary.
 * In URIs for MIME  documents RFC 5147 specifies a fragment identifier for the character and line positions and ranges within the document using the keywords " " and " ". Browser support seems lacking. The following example identifies lines 11 through 20 of a text document:
 * In URIs for MIME  documents, RFC 7111 specifies a fragment identifier as a selector for rows, columns, and cells using the keywords " ", " ", and " ", for example:
 * – Selects the 4th row.
 * – Selects 2nd column.
 * – Selects three consecutive rows starting with 5th row.
 * – Selects all rows starting with 5th row.
 * – Selects a region that starts at the 4th row and the 1st column and ends at the 6th row and the 2nd column.
 * In URIs for MIME audio/*, image/*, video/* documents, very few have defined fragments or fragment semantics. The Media Fragments URI 1.0 (basic) syntax supports addressing a media resource along two dimensions (temporal and spatial) using the keywords  and  . Therefore, one can use the following media fragments URI in the   attribute of the   or   HTML5 element:
 * Other websites use the fragment part to pass some extra information to scripts running on them – for example, Google Video understands permalinks in the format of  to start playing at the specified position, and YouTube uses similar code such as.
 * In JavaScript, the fragment identifier of the current HTML or XHTML page can be accessed in the "hash" property  – JavaScript can be also used with other document types. With the rise of AJAX, some websites use fragment identifiers to emulate the back button behavior of browsers for page changes that do not require a reload, or to emulate subpages.
 * For example, Gmail uses a single URL for almost every interface – mail boxes, individual mails, search results, settings – the fragment is used to make these interfaces directly linkable.
 * Adobe Flash websites can use the fragment part to inform the user about the state of the website or web application, and to facilitate deep linking, commonly with the help of the SWFAddress JavaScript library.
 * A URI that links to a JSON document can specify a pointer to a specific value.
 * For example, a URL ending in  could be used to extract the value from a key-value pair in a document beginning with
 * In URIs for MIME  documents PDF viewers recognize a number of fragment identifiers.  For instance, a URL ending in   will cause most readers to open the PDF and scroll to page 35. Several other parameters are possible, including   (similar to HTML anchors), ,  , etc. Multiple parameters can be combined with ampersands:
 * In SVG, fragments are allowed to specify arguments such as,  , and.
 * For example, a URL ending in  could be used to extract the value from a key-value pair in a document beginning with
 * In URIs for MIME  documents PDF viewers recognize a number of fragment identifiers.  For instance, a URL ending in   will cause most readers to open the PDF and scroll to page 35. Several other parameters are possible, including   (similar to HTML anchors), ,  , etc. Multiple parameters can be combined with ampersands:
 * In SVG, fragments are allowed to specify arguments such as,  , and.
 * In SVG, fragments are allowed to specify arguments such as,  , and.

Proposals
Several proposals have been made for fragment identifiers for use with plain text documents (which cannot store anchor metadata), or to refer to locations within HTML documents in which the author has not used anchor tags:
 * As of September 2012 the Media Fragments URI 1.0 (basic) is a W3C Recommendation.
 * Chrome versions 80 and above implement W3C's  WICG Text Fragments, so   will cause the browser to search for , highlight the matching text, and scroll to it. Besides the start and end, the snippet can also specify a context: text that must precede or follow   but will not be highlighted (example that uses   to find 'vision' preceded by 'night').
 * The Python Package Index appends the MD5 hash of a file to the URL as a fragment identifier. If MD5 were unbroken (it is a broken hash function), it could be used to ensure the integrity of the package.
 * A hash-bang fragment is a fragment starting with an exclamation mark  . It was used in a now-deprecated approach to index dynamic single-page applications. An exclamation mark is illegal in HTML4, XHTML, and XML identifiers, granting certain degree of separation from that functionality. However, it is allowed in HTML5.
 * Between 2009 and 2015, Google Webmaster Central proposed and then recommended an "AJAX crawling scheme" using an initial exclamation mark in fragment identifiers for stateful AJAX pages:
 * Between 2009 and 2015, Google Webmaster Central proposed and then recommended an "AJAX crawling scheme" using an initial exclamation mark in fragment identifiers for stateful AJAX pages:

 * Another implementation has been the replacement of  with
 * Hash-bang URIs have been considered problematic by a number of writers including Jeni Tennison at the W3C because they make pages inaccessible to those who do not have JavaScript activated in their browser. They also break HTTP referer headers as browsers are not allowed to send the fragment identifier in the Referer header.
 * In 2015, Google deprecated their hash-bang AJAX crawling proposal, recommending instead the use of progressive enhancement and HTML5's method.
 * Mozilla Foundation employee Gervase Markham has proposed a fragment identifier for searching, of the form . Adding a number after the s  indicates that the browser should search for the nth occurrence of the search term. A negative number  starts searching backwards from the end of the document. A Greasemonkey script is available to add this functionality to compatible browsers.
 * Erik Wilde and Marcel Baschnagel of the ETH Zurich extend this to also identify fragments in plain text documents using regular expressions, with the keyword " ". They also describe a prototype implementation as an extension for the Firefox browser. For example, the following would find the case-insensitive text "RFC" anywhere in the document:
 * K. Yee of the Foresight Institute proposes "extended fragment identifiers" delimited with colons and a keyword to differentiate them from anchor identifiers. A text search fragment identifier with "fragment specification scheme" id " " is the first proposal in this scheme. The following example would search a document for the first occurrence of the string "some context for a search term" and then highlight the words "search term":
 * The above scheme was implemented in Chrome version 80.
 * The LiveURLs project proposed a fragment identifier format for referring to a region of text within a page, of the form, where F is the length of the first word (up to five characters), W is the first word itself, S is the length of the selected text and C is a 32-bit CRC of the selected text. They implemented a variant of this scheme as an extension for the Firefox browser, using the form  , where L is the length of the fragment itself, in two hex digits. Linking to the word "Fragment" using the implemented variant would yield:
 * Up until Firefox 5, Firefox supported XPath links such as #xpath:/html/body/div[3] which could be used in conjunction with a bookmarklet such as http://antimatter15.com/wp/2009/11/xpath-bookmark-bookmarklet/ to link within HTML documents that lacked proper IDs. This feature was removed as part of a code cleanup in https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=457102
 * In ePub electronic book format, the EPUB Canonical Fragment Identifier (epubcfi, 2011-2017) defines a W3C/IDPF-standardized method for referencing arbitrary content using fragment identifiers to locate non-anchored text ranges via document structure and pattern matching. These dynamic deep links assist in locating content after text is updated and are used, for example, in Apple Books.
 * The LiveURLs project proposed a fragment identifier format for referring to a region of text within a page, of the form, where F is the length of the first word (up to five characters), W is the first word itself, S is the length of the selected text and C is a 32-bit CRC of the selected text. They implemented a variant of this scheme as an extension for the Firefox browser, using the form  , where L is the length of the fragment itself, in two hex digits. Linking to the word "Fragment" using the implemented variant would yield:
 * Up until Firefox 5, Firefox supported XPath links such as #xpath:/html/body/div[3] which could be used in conjunction with a bookmarklet such as http://antimatter15.com/wp/2009/11/xpath-bookmark-bookmarklet/ to link within HTML documents that lacked proper IDs. This feature was removed as part of a code cleanup in https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=457102
 * In ePub electronic book format, the EPUB Canonical Fragment Identifier (epubcfi, 2011-2017) defines a W3C/IDPF-standardized method for referencing arbitrary content using fragment identifiers to locate non-anchored text ranges via document structure and pattern matching. These dynamic deep links assist in locating content after text is updated and are used, for example, in Apple Books.
 * In ePub electronic book format, the EPUB Canonical Fragment Identifier (epubcfi, 2011-2017) defines a W3C/IDPF-standardized method for referencing arbitrary content using fragment identifiers to locate non-anchored text ranges via document structure and pattern matching. These dynamic deep links assist in locating content after text is updated and are used, for example, in Apple Books.

title: URI fragment


text:
Talk:Savielly Tartakower

Move
I've moved this to Savielly Tartakower from Ksawery Tartakower; I'm guessing he is known as Ksawery in Poland, but in English-lanuage contexts I've never seen him called that; it's always been Savielly or Saviely. Hence, per Naming conventions (use English), one of those is the right place for the article. If Ksawery was his birth name which got changed later, it's probably worth mentioning that specifically in the article (I don't know myself if it was or wasn't, so I've just left it as an "also known as"). --Camembert 12:35, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This seems a bad idea to me. Perhaps he was referred to as Savielly by Brits, but this doesn't mean that he changed his name. He was most certainly born as Ksawery and upon accepting the Polish citizenship he was referred to Ksawery byhis own documents (that is passport and id documents). Since in pre-war Poland there were no names laws that would prohibit people from chosing any name they wanted, this must've been his own choice. Please provide any backup for your movement of this article. Halibutt 13:50, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)

 * As I say, in English-language contexts he is virtually always known as "Saviely" or "Savielly", and according to Naming conventions (use English) that is what matters ("If you are talking about a person, country, town, movie or book, use the most commonly used English version of the name for the article (as you would find it in other encyclopedias)"); if you disagree with this, you should probably take it up at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (use English). To give a few examples of how other sources name him: the Oxford Companion to Chess has his name as "Saviely"; Chessbase databases (which actually tend towards German spellings, but which have wide influence in English-language publications) has him as "Saviely"; the Dover edition of 500 Master Games of Chess has him as "Savielly" on the cover; chessgames.com has him as "Savielly". On the other hand, I don't know of any English-language sources which have his name as "Ksawery"; if they exist, they're in a small minority.

 * Of course, if he is known as "Ksawery" in Poland, then the Polish version of the article should be at "Ksawery Tartakower" (as indeed it is), but to have the English version of the article there is going to cause confusion, because few people who are primarily English-speakers will recognise that as his first name. That said, if it's the name he was born with, we must of course mention that in the article--I'll edit appropriately. --Camembert 16:22, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * (A month after I had posted the above, Halibutt quietly moved the page back to Ksawery Tartakower--Camembert)

 * 1) Tartakover's final citizenship was French, and in that country he's known as Xavier Tartakover.
 * 2) What's the name as which he is best known in English? David.Monniaux 07:20, 7 May 2005 (UTC)

 * We need a proof that he has ever changed his name to Savielly, Xavier, Sarsaparilla or any other name. And whether he is best known in English under some other name or not is not really important. It might be mentioned in the lead as an interesting and common mistake, but naming the whole article with a mistake just because the Brits and Americans frequently misspel the original name seems a step too far. A decent proof would be his signature. Halibutt 13:07, May 7, 2005 (UTC)

 * It seems we disagree over the rationale to be used behind naming articles. My view (and, I believe, the view of many) is that using article titles unfamiliar to most readers is more likely to lead to confusion than enlightenment. This is why the usual approach on the English Wikipedia (as explained at Naming conventions (use English)) is to place articles under the most common name found in English and explain in the article what the subject's original or native name is. As far as this convention is concerned, whether a name was officially adopted by someone is neither here nor there. Again, if you disagree with that convention, then I urge you to argue over at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (use English), since it affects many articles other than this one.

 * I don't want to get into an edit war over such a petty subject, so I'm not going to move the article back for now. Can I just ask, however, that when you move pages you ensure you don't create any double redirects in doing so (see How to move a page and Multiple redirects); in this case, the redirects at Savielly Tartacover and Saviely Tartakower were left broken (I've fixed them now). --Camembert

 * Camembert is right, and by WP policy this page should be either Saviely Tartakower or Savielly Tartakower. Of course in English his last name is also frequently spelled Tartacover, so with several different spellings common in English and no easy way to choose one as the most common, maybe using the native spelling is best after all.  It is difficult for page authors who will tend to create double redirects, but that would probably happen if we chose any of the four other possibilities anyway. Quale 09:30, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The article by Hans Kmoch linked to in the main page says that Sawielly means "little Saul", and was his original name. I've NEVER seen him called Ksawery.  Most likely, Ksawery is a back-formation into Polish from his adopted French name Xavier. Please can we revert the title of the main article to Savielly, since the overwhelming majority of English chessplayers know of him this way, including the late Harry Golombek who was a personal friend and translated his book.58.162.245.111 04:21, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I seriously doubt it as that was the name he had in his papers back in his Polish times (and that was the name he was inscribed under to the chess olympiads). See, for instance. As to WP:UE convention, it clearly does not apply to personal names. Otherwise we'd have to translate all names and even surnames to English, whether people were Spanish, Polish, Zulu or Chinese. While this might be a decent idea for monarchs whose names indeed are usually translated, I doubt it is a good idea for other people. Halibutt 08:40, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

 * This is anachronistic. When T was born, the land we call Poland was part of Russia, and in any case, he was born in what is now Ukraine.  Kmoch is a reliable source, and he gave Sawielly and the derivation.  Seems far more likely that 58.162.245.111 is right—T was living in France when he played for Poland in 1939, and it seems likely that the Polish records used the Polish equivalent of the name he was known by in France at the time, Xavier.

 * It was very poor form for Halibutt to rename the main page while the debate was still unresolved. 220.245.180.133 03:15, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree that it should be Savielly - or at least one of the versions beginning with S. Since this is the English version, the convention is to use the most common one found in English writings.  Also, that is what is used at    Bubba73 (talk), 05:22, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

moved back to Savielly
I moved the page back to Savielly. It has been over a month since any discussion of this on the discussion page, and everyone seemed to be in agreement, except for one person. Also, it seems what is desired by the WP naming convention for the English version. Bubba73 (talk), 01:13, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Rook endings quote
I have two references for Tartakower for the quote about all rook endings being drawn and two references for Tarasch. Personally I think it sounds more like Tartakower, since his quotes usually have some humor in them. I think that people may have confused this quote with Tarrasch rule about rooks, so at the present I think Tartakower said it. Does anyone have any definitive information? Bubba73 (talk), 18:23, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Now I have three for Tarrasch and three for Tartakower. Bubba73 (talk), 01:30, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

 * And I wrote to Soltis, whose book says Tarrasch. He isn't positive.  He thinks it sounds more like Tartakower than Tarrasch, but he hasn't seen it among Tartakower's quotations.  Bubba73 (talk), 02:31, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

Editorial comment
I think "Of course, this is not literally true. He was making a semi-serious comment on the fact that a small advantage in a rook and pawn endgame is less likely to be converted into a win" seems unencyclopedic and WP:OR. I think it should be rewritten as:

"The context of this quote shows it is a comment on the fact that a small advantage in a rook and pawn endgame is less likely to be converted into a win".

--Aminz 04:15, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree. I wrote the original, and your rewording is better.  Make the change.  Bubba73 (talk), 04:47, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks Bubba 1973 73 --Aminz 05:01, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

References, Notes
I think the references should appear separately in each article. Please have a look at the notes and references section of Dhimmi article. I like its organization. Notes come first and they are followed by references. I suggest applying the same thing here. --Aminz 04:18, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I was being lazy about see the other article for the references, I'll put them here. Bubba73 (talk), 04:48, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Great. I'll then apply the format of the References/notes in Dhimmi article to it (if you don't mind).--Aminz 05:02, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't know what format Dhimmi uses, since I can't edit it to look at the text. But I did put these in Harvard Referencing style, the new format.  Bubba73 (talk), 05:24, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

Bubba, do you mind if I use the new format for other references? --Aminz 06:32, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I changed the references I added to the new Harvard Reference system. Bubba73 (talk), 01:45, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

Article doesn't cite its references
Would someone please attribute every sentence to a reliable source. I'm sure this article is written based on reliable sources, however the reader should be able to check it easily. Thanks. --Aminz 04:25, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Citing every sentence is a pretty tall order! But I've done it for practically everything I've done since December 2005.  I put in references for all I added to this article.  Bubba73 (talk), 05:21, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I know it is not necessary for this article, but in general, I *think* it is better to be done. I couldn't find anything about Savielly Tartakower in Britanica Encyclopedia. I am trying to get access to the sources through books.google.com and fix the references. Let's see --Aminz 05:30, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * There are a lot of different spellings of his name - first and last. Beware of that.  Bubba73 (talk), 06:32, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * For example ? --Aminz 06:34, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Tey are listed in the article: Ksawery, Savielly, Sawielly, or Xavier and Tartacover or Tartakover

 * Yes, it is better. When I started with WP, very few references were given, so I usually didn't do so.  However, in Dec 2005 I started referencing almost everything.  Bubba73 (talk), 06:07, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks! You are right and this is not only the case here but almost everywhere. --Aminz 06:17, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Several quotes are here. Bubba73 (talk), 06:10, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks but I'm afraid we can not use this website since it is not a peer reviewed published reliable source. But it is fun. Thanks --Aminz 06:17, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * If we required that, 98% of WP would have to go. Bubba73 (talk), 04:02, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Yup; and it should go away actually. --Aminz 08:47, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

 * But I do think everything should be referenced, from a reliable, verifyable source. Bubba73 (talk), 18:46, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

.................. Sorry for this fumbling try to contribute. Im amateur at this... Hope somebody will edit my words and put in them into the main article if you see it proper. David Bronstein, in his book The Sorcerers apprentice, do talks some about Savielly, them being persons of the same sort and I presume close friends too: He does tell a fact literally not known about Tartakowers doing during WW2, him working for the Free French: he jumped several times with parachute over the occupied France! Tartakower himself never tells about this, telling instead of friendly matches of representatives from the different national armies. Him being a real hero is a fact completely unknown by broader publicum... /StefanZ, Sweden.

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 08:05, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Polish Jew?
According to Kmoch, T was born to Austrian citizens. He spent considerable time in Austria proper. He spoke no Polish, spent relatively little time in Poland and became a Polish citizen only after Austro-Hungarian Empire disintegrated and his newly-acquired Ukrainian citizenship vanished with the loss of Ukrainian independence. His native tongue was Russian and he got French citizenship later in life. So, he is no more “Polish Jew” than “Russian Jew”, “Austrian Jew”, or “French Jew”.

The origins of his name from Polish “little Saul” are highly dubious: Saveliy was a common Russian name, while T’s parents had no obvious Polish connections (Austrian citizens who spoke no Polish at home). According to http://www.behindthename.com/name/saveliy it is a “Russian form of the Roman cognomen Sabellius meaning "a Sabine" in Latin. The Sabines were an ancient people who lived in central Italy.” There are several Orthodox saints by the same name. Of note, he was born after the day of St. Savva. Perhaps for this reason a similar sounding name was chosen by his parents, who were Christian converts.

Kmoch also states that T departed Russia alone at 16 to become a student and not at 12 with his family. His family remained in Russia and his parents were murdered during pogroms.--EugeneK 14:46, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

anti-russian bias
is demonstrated by wiki redactors through not displaying Russian flag in the list of countries that are credited with Tartakower's citizenship.It is simply ridiculous to turn a blindeye on his nationality,taking into consideration he was born and raised in Russia,no doubt spoke Russian and benefited from Russian culture. Frank Russian (talk) 14:21, 19 October 2008 (UTC)

Knight on e5?
"The great master places a knight on e5; checkmate follows by itself."

Source? Shouldn't it say e6? And I'm sure I've seen this attributed to someone else -- perhaps Lasker? 2.24.117.101 (talk) 16:23, 9 August 2015 (UTC)

 * I found two pieces in Chess Notes discussing this quote: http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/winter03.html#CN_3514 and http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/winter132.html#CN_9375. Looks like it's variously attributed. 2.24.117.101 (talk) 18:40, 9 August 2015 (UTC)

Mangled comment
Tartakower may not have played for any Austro-Hungarian team at the Chess olympics, which incidentally came after the breakdown of Austria-Hungary. However, he was legally Austrian(-Hungarian), and he served as an officer in an elite unit of WW I. have not found any Chess literature to address the latter part. Yes, he spent his childhood in Russia, but has has not been a Russian citizen at any time. So, I do not see any anti-Russian bias. -- Zz (talk) 19:43, 15 September 2020 (UTC)

Introduction
It's weird to describe Tartakower baldly in the intro as "a Polish chess player". Either "Polish and French", or "French and Polish chessplayer of Austrian and Russian origin" would be more appropriate. He apparently didn't speak Polish and didn't live there for any length of time, whereas in addition to acquiring French nationality, he spoke French fluently, studied at a French-speaking university (Geneva), and spent a large part of his life settled in France.

I don't think there is anti-Russian bias here as Frank Russian suggested, but there is certainly some Polish bias! Longitude2 (talk) 10:00, 6 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Savielly Tartakower


text:
Manganese(III) fluoride

Manganese(III) fluoride (also known as Manganese trifluoride) is the inorganic compound with the formula MnF3. This red/purplish solid is useful for converting hydrocarbons into fluorocarbons, i.e., it is a fluorination agent. It forms a hydrate and many derivatives.

Synthesis, structure and reactions
MnF3 can be prepared by treating a solution of MnF2 in hydrogen fluoride with fluorine:
 * MnF2 +  0.5 F2  →  MnF3

It can also be prepared by the reaction of elemental fluorine with a manganese(II) halide at ~250 °C.

Structure
Like vanadium(III) fluoride, MnF3 features octahedral metal centers with the same average M-F bond distances. In the Mn compound, however, is distorted (and hence a monoclinic unit cell vs. a higher symmetry one) due to the Jahn-Teller effect, with pairs of Mn-F distances of 1.79, 1.91, 2.09 Å.

The hydrate MnF3.3H2O is obtained by crystallisation of MnF3 from hydrofluoric acid. The hydrate exists as two polymorphs, with space groups P21/c and P21/a. Each consists of the salt [Mn(H2O)4F2]+[Mn(H2O)2F4]− ).

Reactions
MnF3 is Lewis acidic and forms a variety of derivatives. One example is K2MnF3(SO4). MnF3 reacts with sodium fluoride to give the octahedral hexafluoride:
 * 3NaF + MnF3 → Na3MnF6

Related reactions salts of the anions MnF52− or MnF4−. These anions adopt chain and layer structures respectively, with bridging fluoride. Manganese remains 6 coordinate, octahedral, and trivalent in all of these materials.

Manganese(III) fluoride fluorinates organic compounds including aromatic hydrocarbons, cyclobutenes, and fullerenes.

On heating, MnF3 decomposes to manganese(II) fluoride.

MnF3 is a source of MnCl3 complexes by reaction with bismuth trichloride.

title: Manganese(III) fluoride


text:
Madman theory

The madman theory is a political theory commonly associated with the foreign policy of U.S. President Richard Nixon and his administration, who tried to make the leaders of hostile Communist Bloc nations think Nixon was irrational and volatile so that they would avoid provoking the U.S. in fear of an unpredictable response.

Some international relations scholars have been skeptical of madman theory as a strategy for success in bargaining. One study found that madman theory is frequently counterproductive, but that it can be an asset under certain conditions. Another study found that there are both bargaining advantages and disadvantages to perceived madness.

History
In 1517, Niccolò Machiavelli had argued that sometimes it is "a very wise thing to simulate madness" (Discourses on Livy, book 3, chapter 2). However, in Nixon's Vietnam War, Kimball argues that Nixon arrived at the strategy independently, as a result of practical experience and observation of Dwight D. Eisenhower's handling of the Korean War.

In his 1962 book, Thinking About the Unthinkable, futurist Herman Kahn argued that to "look a little crazy" might be an effective way to induce an adversary to stand down.

Richard Nixon
Nixon's chief of staff, H. R. Haldeman, wrote that Nixon had confided to him:

"I call it the Madman Theory, Bob. I want the North Vietnamese to believe I've reached the point where I might do anything to stop the war. We'll just slip the word to them that, 'for God's sake, you know Nixon is obsessed about communism. We can't restrain him when he's angry—and he has his hand on the nuclear button' and Ho Chi Minh himself will be in Paris in two days begging for peace."

In October 1969, the Nixon administration indicated to the Soviet Union that "the madman was loose" when the United States military was ordered to full global war readiness alert (unbeknownst to the majority of the American population), and bombers armed with thermonuclear weapons flew patterns near the Soviet border for three consecutive days.

The administration employed the "madman strategy" to force the North Vietnamese government to negotiate an end to the Vietnam War. In July 1969 (according to a CIA report declassified in February 2018), President Nixon may have suggested to South Vietnamese president Thieu that the two paths he was considering were either a nuclear weapons option or setting up a coalition government.

Several American diplomats, staff members, friends, and family, knew Nixon indulged in alcohol and had trouble battling insomnia, for which he was prescribed sleeping pills. According to Ray Price, he sometimes took them together. This affected his acuity and understanding of his surroundings on several occasions; from John Ehrlichman calling him "looped", to Manolo Sanchez, a Republican operative and special counsel to the President, thinking Nixon had a stroke or heart attack while on the phone with him, to not being able to pick up a telephone call from the British prime minister during the Middle East crisis. Both Nixon's daughter Julie Nixon Eisenhower and friend Billy Graham acknowledged this fact, after his presidency. Nixon also took dilantin, recommended by Jack Dreyfus. That medicine is usually prescribed for seizure attacks, but in Nixon's case it was to battle depression. Also, Henry Kissinger portrayed the 1970 incursion into Cambodia as a symptom of Nixon's supposed instability.

Donald Trump
Some have characterized former US President Donald Trump's behavior towards allies and hostile states as an example of madman theory. For instance, during the KORUS FTA renegotiations Trump told US trade negotiators to warn South Korean diplomats that "if they don't give the concessions now, this crazy guy will pull out of the deal", which Jonathan Swan of Axios characterized as a "madman" approach to international relations.

Jonathan Stevenson argued in The New York Times that Trump's strategy could have been less effective than Nixon's because Nixon tried to give the impression that "he'd been pushed too far, implying that he would return to his senses if the Soviets and North Vietnamese gave in", whereas the North Korean government was unlikely to believe that "Trump would do the same" because his threats were "standard operating procedure", not a temporary emotional reaction. International relations scholar Roseanne W. McManus argued that Trump stating that he was relying on madman theory made the approach counterproductive, as he was undermining the belief that his "madness" was genuine.

Vladimir Putin

Another example of madman theory has also been attributed to Russian president Vladimir Putin, especially in the lead up and during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. In 2015, Martin Hellman stated that "nuclear weapons are the card that Putin has up his sleeve, and he's using it to get the world to realise that Russia is a superpower, not just a regional power." This use of the madman theory, Hellman argued, was something which the West had not "properly caught on to."

In 2022, days before the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Gideon Rachman argued in the Financial Times that Putin's "penchant for publishing long, nationalist essays" regarding Ukrainian and Russian history, his plans of nuclear weapons exercises as well as his image of "growing increasingly out of touch and paranoid" and isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, could have been the use of madman strategy. Rachman stated that Putin "is ruthless and amoral. But he is also shrewd and calculating. He takes risks, but he is not crazy", comparing Putin's recent actions to his more "rational" actions of the previous 20 years. However, Rachman also noted that "the line between acting like a madman and being a madman is disconcertingly thin."

In the first days of the invasion, Paul Taylor of Politico also speculated that Putin was using the madman strategy, after his decision to place Russian deterrence nuclear forces on "special alert". Taylor stated that Putin was exhibiting "pathological behavior" by "swinging wildly from seeming openness to negotiations to a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in four fronts, while threatening the world with mass destruction." Taylor also referred to Putin's television address prior to the invasion, stating that "his branding Ukraine's elected leaders as drug-addicted neo-Nazis raised doubts even among supportive Russians about his mental state and health."

Research
Political scientist Scott Sagan and the historian Jeremi Suri criticized the theory as "ineffective and dangerous," citing the belief that the Soviet leader Brezhnev did not understand what Nixon was trying to communicate, and considering the chance of an accident from the increased movements of U.S. forces. President Trump's alleged use of the theory with North Korea has been similarly criticized, suggesting the chance of an accident arising from North Korea's string of missile testing was also increased. Stephen Walt has argued that not many successful cases of madman theory can be found in the historical record. McManus has argued that some forms of "madness" can be an asset in bargaining, whereas other forms are counterproductive. Joshua A. Schwartz points that besides any quantifiable advantage in foreign relations, the perceived madness also "entails significant domestic costs that potentially erode its efficacy".

According to political scientists Samuel Seitz and Caitlin Talmadge, "The historical record, both before Trump’s presidency and during it, demonstrates that madman tactics typically fail to strengthen deterrence or generate bargaining leverage." They cite three main reasons: target states fail to receive the message that the "madman" thinks he is sending, target states do not see the "madman" behavior as credible, and target states do not give into the "madman" even when they believe the madman rhetoric, because the madman is perceived as being unable to make credible assurances of future behavior.

title: Madman theory


text:
East Kilbride Thistle F.C.

East Kilbride Thistle Football Club are a Scottish football club, based in the town of East Kilbride, South Lanarkshire near Glasgow. Nicknamed The Jags, they were formed in 1968 and play at the Showpark, situated in the Village area of the town. Currently playing in the. They wear all black; their change strips are all red, or white tops with red or black shorts.

Original club
There was a club with the same name that existed in the 1920s. The team won the Second Division of the Scottish Junior League and the Lanarkshire Consolation Cup in 1922–23.

The original club disbanded so that Clyde could move to the town in to the early 1960s. After the move fell through, the junior team was reformed.

After Thistle disbanded, Strathclyde Juniors who were homeless applied to SJFA for permission to use ground for season 1965–66.

Modern club
The first trophy to be won was the West of Scotland Junior Cup in 1974. Cambuslang Rangers were beaten 3–1 in the final. The team reached the final again two years later, but lost to Arthurlie in a replay.

The biggest success was the Scottish Junior Cup win in May 1983, with victory over Bo'ness United at Ibrox Stadium. The final result was 2–0 to Thistle, with goals from skipper Joe Reilly and Kenny Gordon.

Thistle's previous manager was former St Johnstone and Hamilton Academical striker John Brogan, who took charge along with Martin Clark on a co-manager basis in November 1999. Clark left to coach Celtic's youth players in 2002, but Brogan remained in sole charge and won the Sectional League Cup at Partick Thistle's Firhill Stadium, Glasgow in 2002 with a 2–0 win over Bellshill Athletic, thanks to goals from Martin McVey and Stephen Brogan.

Brogan later returned the club to Firhill for another Sectional League Cup Final in 2005 but were unfortunate to lose to Neilston 4–3 on penalties, after a 0–0 draw. However it wasn't all bad news when the club won promotion to Super League Division One, from Central District League Division One, with a 3–0 win over Clydebank in the last game of the season on 1 May 2006.

John Brogan left the club in June 2008, and was replaced by former players Colin Mitchell and Ian Penman, as manager and assistant manager respectively. In 2008 Thistle also launched their own youth development structure, which sees coaching an teams from under 4s up to under 21s for both boys and girls.

In November 2010, Mitchell and Penman were replaced as team management by Jimmy Kerr and Tony Gallagher. In 2012 following relegation back to the Central District First Division, most of the playing staff, along with the management team left the club. After a season of turmoil on and off the pitch which resulted in relegation to the Central District Second Division, Thistle regrouped and started looking forwards to the future, the appointment of Alan Wardlaw as manager in late 2013 led to a change in fortunes for the club and they managed to win a few games, including a home league win for the first time in over 2 years. The team are managed from the end of the 2014–15 season by Billy Campbell.

Aaron Connolly was appointed caretaker manager following the departure of Garry O'Hanlon.

Players & Current Squad
On 16 April 1972, Christie and Meechan played for Scotland Juniors against England in a 2–2 draw at Saracen Park (home of Ashfield), whilst playing for East Kilbride

Willie Pettigrew was another player capped at Junior level with Scotland. He would go on to gain full international honours with Scotland later in his career.

Current Squad Season 2023-2024

Dawid Sauermann

Liam McLaughlin

Adam Edgar

Andrew Mooney

Ryan Anderson

Dean Fitzpatrick

Matthew Connelly

Kieran Bell

Iain Stewart

Ryan Anderson

Ally McDonald

Mark Steele

Michael Blues

Ryan McDade

Ross Kennedy

Ryan Campbell

Luke Jackson

Ben Alston

David Gray

Campbell Tough

James Scott

Simon Millar

Mitchell Rooney

Jack McQuade

Jay Convery

Dino Mollinari

Zak Moynes

Honours

 * Scottish Junior Cup
 * Winners: 1982–83
 * Semi-finals: 1972–73
 * Quarter-finals: 1971–72, 1977–78, 1980-81

League
SJFA West Region

 * Central District First Division
 * Runners-up: 2005–06
 * Central District Second Division
 * Promotion: 2016–17

SJFA Central Region

 * Central League Division A
 * Winners: 1974–75, 1975–76, 1979–80, 1981–82
 * Runners-up: 1972–73, 1973–74, 1980–81
 * Central League Division B
 * Winners: 1992–93
 * Runners-up: 1977–78
 * Promotion: 1971–72
 * Central League Division C
 * Runners-up: 1998–99, 2000–01
 * Promotion: 1969–70

Cup

 * West of Scotland Cup
 * Winners: 1973–74
 * Runners-up: 1975–76
 * '''Evening Times Trophy (Central League):
 * Winners: 1974–75, 1975–76, 1981–82
 * Runners-up: 1979–80
 * Evening Times Cup Winners Cup
 * Winners: 1982–83
 * Central Sectional League Cup
 * Winners: 1974–75, 1982–83, 2002–03
 * Central Drybrough Cup
 * Runners-up: 1972–73
 * Red Hackle Trophy
 * Winners: 1974–75
 * Whitebread Trophy
 * Winners: 1974–75
 * Erskine Hospital Cup
 * Runner-ups: 1971–72
 * Langs Trophy
 * Runners-up: 1978–79

Other

 * Tommy McGrane Cup
 * Winners: 2009, 2015, 2016, 2017

title: East Kilbride Thistle F.C.


text:
Ousmane Sy

Ousmane Sy (born May 25, 1949) is a Malian politician.

Ousmane Sy was born in Bandiagara, Mali. He received his higher education in France. He holds a Doctorate in Economic and Social Development (University of Paris I) and two advanced Diplomas with specializations in agricultural development (Paris I) and agricultural economics (ISTOM, Le Havre).

Sy was appointed as an expert adviser to the United Nations Development Programme and later headed the Commission for Decentralization and Institutional Reform in Mali. He served as Minister for Territorial Administration and Local Communities under President Alpha Oumar Konaré.

He was in charge of the Malian presidential elections in 2002, which were won by Amadou Toumani Toure. The elections were said by critics to be fraudulent. Mr Sy is on record as saying that he could neither confirm nor deny whether there was rigging in those elections.

He is the founder of the Centre for Political and Institutional Expertise in Africa (CEPIA), a consultancy service which he has also directed since January 2004.

In May 2005, Sy was awarded the King Baudouin International Development Prize "'for the strength of his vision and the courage of his convictions on the subject of governance in Africa, and for the originality of his campaigns in Mali by which, through a participatory process of decentralization and the organization of transparent elections, he has succeeded in creating an environment conducive to a better public administration and increased stability, two conditions that are crucial for development.'"

The Baudouin prize was worth 150,000 Euros and Mr Sy says he will spend it on his organisation, CEPIA.

In July 2009, Mr. Sy became a member of the SNV Netherlands Development Organisation's International Advisory Board to contribute his experience and expertise to the organisation's sustainable development work.

title: Ousmane Sy


text:
J. W. S. Cassels

John William Scott "Ian" Cassels, FRS (11 July 1922 – 27 July 2015 ) was a British mathematician.

Biography
Cassels was educated at Neville's Cross Council School in Durham and George Heriot's School in Edinburgh. He went on to study at the University of Edinburgh and graduated with an undergraduate Master of Arts (MA) degree in 1943.

His academic career was interrupted in World War II when he was involved in cryptography at Bletchley Park. After the war he became a research student of Louis Mordell at Trinity College, Cambridge; he received his PhD in 1949 and was elected a fellow of Trinity in the same year.

Cassels then spent a year lecturing in mathematics at the University of Manchester before returning to Cambridge as a lecturer in 1950. He was appointed Reader in Arithmetic in 1963, the same year he was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society of London. In 1967 he was appointed as Sadleirian Professor of Pure Mathematics at Cambridge. In 1969 he became Head of the Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics. He retired in 1984.

Mathematical work
He initially worked on elliptic curves. After a period when he worked on geometry of numbers and diophantine approximation, he returned in the later 1950s to the arithmetic of elliptic curves, writing a series of papers connecting the Selmer group with Galois cohomology and laying some of the foundations of the modern theory of infinite descent. His best-known single result may be the proof that the Tate-Shafarevich group of an elliptic curve, if it is finite, must have order that is a square; the proof being by construction of an alternating form.

Cassels often studied individual Diophantine equations by algebraic number theory and p-adic methods.

His publications include 200 papers. His advanced textbooks have influenced generations of mathematicians; some of Cassels's books have remained in print for decades.

Publications

 * . Reviewed in
 * . Reviewed in

title: J. W. S. Cassels


text:
Mannesmann Tower (Hannover)

The Mannesmann Tower was a tower on the Hanover fairground in Hanover, Germany. It was a free-standing lattice tower with a triangular cross-section, standing 120 m high and carried the logo of the Hanover Fair, which erected the tower in 1954, at a height of 89.8 m. The Mannesmann Tower hosted aerials for mobile phone services.

It was demolished on 21 June 2012 due to its poor condition.

title: Mannesmann Tower (Hannover)


text:
Franzobel

Franzobel is the pseudonym of the Austrian writer (Franz) Stefan Griebl. He was born on 1 March 1967 in Vöcklabruck. In 1997, he won the Wolfgang Weyrauch Prize and in 1998, the Kassel Literary Prize, amongst numerous other literary awards. In 2017, he won the prestigious Nicolas Born Prize and was long-listed for the German Book Prize for his novel Das Floß der Medusa. He now lives in Vienna.

Books

 * Der Wimmerldrucker. Ein Lexikaroman. Eigenverlag, 1990.
 * Thesaurus. Ein Gleiches. Poems. Eigenverlag, 1992.
 * Das öffentliche Ärgernis. Prose. Klagenfurt: edition selene, 1993.
 * Überin. Die Gosche. Prose. Ill.: Franzobel. Klagenfurt: edition selene, 1993.
 * Masche und Scham. Die Germanistenfalle – Eine Durchführung & Das öffentliche Ärgernis. Proklitikon. Klagenfurt: Edition Selene, 1993.
 * Die Musenpresse. Aus einem Roman von Margarete Lanner. Illustrated. Klagenfurt: Ritter, 1994.
 * Elle und Speiche. Modelle der Liebe. Poetry and prose. Wien: Das Fröhliche Wohnzimmer, 1994.
 * Ranken. Prose. Ill.: Carla Degenhardt. Klagenfurt: edition selene, 1994.
 * Hundshirn. Prose. Ill.: Franzobel. Linz: Blattwerk, 1995.
 * Die Krautflut. Short Story. Postscript.: Thomas Eder. Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp, 1995.
 * Schinkensünden. Ein Katalog. Klagenfurt: Ritter, 1996.
 * Unter Binsen. [With Christian Steinbacher] Graz: edition gegensätze, 1996.
 * Linz. Eine Obsession. München, Berlin: Janus Press, 1996.
 * Der Trottelkongreß. Commedia dell'pape. Ein minimalistischer Heimatroman. Klagenfurt, Wien: Ritter, 1998.
 * m. T. [with Klangwerkstatt Berlin]. Siegendorf: NN-Fabrik, 1998.
 * Böselkraut und Ferdinand. Ein Bestseller von Karol Alois. Wien: Zsolnay, 1998.
 * Das öffentliche Ärgernis. Proklitikon. & Masche und Scham. Die Germanistenfalle – eine Durchführung. Wien: Edition Selene, 1998.
 * Met ana oanders schwoarzn Tintn. Dulli-Dialektgedichte. Weitra: Bibliothek der Provinz, 1999. (With allusion to H. C. Artmann)
 * Scala Santa oder Josefine Wurznbachers Höhepunkt. Novel. Wien: Zsolnay, 2000.
 * Best of. Die Highlights. Edition Aramo, 2001.
 * Shooting Star. Klagenfurt: Ritter, 2001 (withdrawn from sale for legal reasons)
 * Austrian Psycho oder Der Rabiat Hödlmoser. Ein Trashroman in memoriam Franz Fuchs. Verlag Bibliothek der Provinz, Weitra 2001, ISBN 3-85252-414-8.
 * Mayerling. Die österreichische Tragödie. Stück, Materialien, Collagen. (1. ed.). Passagen Verlag, Wien 2002, ISBN 978-3-85165-514-8.
 * Lusthaus oder Die Schule der Gemeinheit. Novel. Zsolnay, Wien 2002.
 * Mundial. Gebete an den Fußballgott. Droschl, Graz/ Wien 2002.
 * Scala Santa oder Josefine Wurzenbachers Höhepunkt. Piper 2002.
 * Mozarts Vision. Stück, Materialien, Collagen. (1. ed.), Passagen Verlag, Wien 2003, ISBN 978-3-85165-611-4.
 * Luna Park. Vergnügungsgedichte. Zsolnay, Wien 2003.
 * Zirkusblut oder Ein Austrian-Psycho-Trashkrimi, zweiter Teil. Verlag Bibliothek der Provinz, Weitra 2004, ISBN 3-85252-584-5.
 * Über die Sprache im sportiven Zeitalter. Verlag Bibliothek der Provinz, Weitra 2004, ISBN 3-902416-04-1.
 * Wir wollen den Messias jetzt oder Die beschleunigte Familie (1. ed.), Wien: Passagen Verlag, 2005, ISBN 978-3-85165-707-4.
 * Der Narrenturm (1. ed.), Wien: Passagen Verlag, 2005, ISBN 978-3-85165-660-2
 * Das Fest der Steine oder Die Wunderkammer der Exzentrik. Zsolnay, Wien 2005.
 * Hunt oder der totale Februar. Verlag Bibliothek der Provinz, Weitra 2006, ISBN 3-85252-741-4.
 * Der Schwalbenkönig oder Die kleine Kunst der Fußball-Exerzitien. Ritter Verlag, Klagenfurt/ Wien 2006.
 * Liebesgeschichte. Novel. Zsolnay, Wien 2007.
 * Franzobels großer Fußballtest. Picus, Wien 2008.
 * Zipf oder die dunkle Seite des Mondes. Verlag Bibliothek der Provinz, Weitra 2008, ISBN 978-3-85252-892-2.
 * Kreisky. Ein Stück zur Volkshilfe. Verlag Bibliothek der Provinz, Weitra 2008, ISBN 978-3-85252-927-1.
 * Lady Di oder Die Königin der Herzen (Eine Farce vom Begehren) (1. ed.), Wien: Passagen, 2008, ISBN 978-3-85165-832-3
 * Österreich ist schön Ein Märchen. Zsolnay, Wien 2009, ISBN 978-3-552-05473-8.
 * With Franz Novotny, Gustav Ernst: Filz oder ein Wirtschafts-Flip-Fop-Schmierfilm mit Blutsauger-Blues und Lucky-Strike-Fondue aus dem Land der Bawagbabas, auch EXIT III genannt. Ritter, Klagenfurt 2009, ISBN 978-3-85415-449-5.
 * Moser oder Die Passion des Wochenend-Wohnzimmergottes. Passagen Verlag, Wien 2010, ISBN 978-3-85165-831-6.
 * Romeo und Julia in Purkersdorf. Drei Volksstücke. Passagen Verlag, Wien 2011, ISBN 978-3-85165-990-0.
 * Der Boxer oder Die Zweite Luft des Hans Orsolics. Passagen Verlag, Wien 2011, ISBN 978-3-85165-989-4.
 * Hirschen oder die Errettung Österreichs. Verlag Bibliothek der Provinz, Weitra 2011, ISBN 978-3-85252-997-4.
 * Prinzessin Eisenherz. Verlag Bibliothek der Provinz, Weitra 2011, ISBN 978-3-902416-91-9.
 * Faust. Der Wiener Teil. Ein Lustspiel. Passagen Verlag, Wien 2012, ISBN 978-3-7092-0045-2.
 * Was die Männer so treiben, wenn die Frauen im Badezimmer sind. Zsolnay, Wien 2012.
 * Yedermann. Oder der Tod steht ihm gut. Passagen Verlag, Wien 2013, ISBN 978-3-7092-0089-6.
 * Steak für alle. Der neue Fleischtourismus. mikrotext, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-944543-03-1.
 * Adpfent. Ein Kindlein brennt. Verlag Bibliothek der Provinz, Weitra 2013, ISBN 978-3-99028-282-3.
 * Wiener Wunder. Kriminalroman. Zsolnay, Wien 2014, ISBN 978-3-552-05690-9.
 * Bad Hall Blues. Eine Oberösterreicherelegie. Kehrwasserverlag, Linz 2014, ISBN 978-3-902786-27-2.
 * Metropolis oder Das große Weiche Herz der Bestie. Passagen Verlag, Wien 2014, ISBN 978-3-7092-0128-2.
 * Othello oder Ein Schlechter von Hernals. Passagen Verlag, Wien 2014,ISBN 978-3-7092-0129-9.
 * Hamlet oder Was ist hier die Frage? Passagen Verlag, Wien 2015, ISBN 978-3-7092-0194-7.
 * Groschens Grab: Kriminalroman Paul Zsolnay Verlag, Wien 2015, ISBN 978-3-5520-5743-2.
 * Das Floß der Medusa. Roman. Paul Zsolnay Verlag, Wien 2017, ISBN 978-3-5520-5816-3.
 * Rechtswalzer, Kriminalroman. Paul Zsolnay Verlag, Wien 2019, ISBN 978-3-552-05922-1.
 * Die Eroberung Amerikas, Roman. Paul Zsolnay Verlag, Wien 2021, ISBN 978-3-552-07227-5.
 * Heldenlieder. Mit Bildern von Ramona Schnekenburger. Reihe "vers libre", Bd. 5, hrsg. von Alexandra Bernhardt. Edition Melos, Wien 2021, ISBN 978-3-9519842-4-7.
 * Die Zauberflöte. Nach dem Libretto von Emanuel Schikaneder ediert und mit wohltemperierten Frechheiten moduliert. Illustriert von Petrus Akkordeon, Edition Melos, Wien 2022, ISBN 978-3-9505384-2-7.
 * Einsteins Hirn. Roman, Zsolnay, Wien 2023, ISBN 978-3-552-07334-0.

Plays

 * 1996 Das Beuschelgeflecht
 * 1998 Paradies
 * 1998 Nathans Dackel oder Die Geradebiegung der Ring-Parabel. Eine Lessingvollstreckung
 * 1997 Kafka. Eine Komödie
 * 1998 Bibapoh
 * 1999 Phettberg. Eine Hermes-Tragödie
 * 1999 Der Ficus spricht. Minidrama für A, B, einen Volkssänger, ein Blumenmädchen und einen Gummibaum
 * 1999 Volksoper
 * 2000 Olympia. Eine Kärntner Zauberposse samt Striptease
 * 2003 Black Jack
 * 2004 Flugangst
 * 2008 Der Impresario von Schmierna

title: Franzobel


text:
Roy Fielding

Roy Thomas Fielding (born 1965) is an American computer scientist, one of the principal authors of the HTTP specification and the originator of the Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style. He is an authority on computer network architecture and co-founded the Apache HTTP Server project.

Fielding works as a Senior Principal Scientist at Adobe Systems in San Jose, California.

Biography
Fielding was born in 1965 in Laguna Beach, California. He describes himself as "part Maori, Kiwi, Yank, Irish, Scottish, British, and California beach bum". In 1999, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Technology Review TR100 named him one of the top 100 innovators in the world under the age of 35. In 2000, he received his doctorate from the University of California, Irvine.

Contributions
Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures, Fielding's doctoral dissertation, describes Representational State Transfer (REST) as a key architectural principle of the World Wide Web and received a large amount of attention. Computer engineers frequently hold up REST as an approach to developing web services, as an alternative to other distributed-computing specifications such as SOAP. Fielding has also been heavily involved in the development of HTML and Uniform Resource Identifiers. Fielding co-founded the Apache HTTP Server project and was a member of the interim OpenSolaris Boards until he resigned from the community in 2008. He chaired the Apache Software Foundation for its first three years and sat on its board of directors until May 2014.

Between 2001 and 2006, Fielding worked on Waka, an application protocol intended as "a binary, token-based replacement for HTTP". It was "designed to match the efficiency of the REST architectural style".

He coined the term HATEOAS (Hypermedia As The Engine Of Application State) in 2000 in his doctoral dissertation.

title: Roy Fielding


text:
John Cassels

John Cassels may refer to:
 * J. W. S. Cassels (John William Scott Cassels), British mathematician
 * John F. Cassels, member of the Mississippi House of Representatives
 * Sir John Cassels (civil servant), English civil servant and educationalist

title: John Cassels