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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Donations for victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was redirect to 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake moink 07:50, 9 May 2005 (UTC)

Donations for victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
this article violates all sorts of wikipedia standards, but it was created to assist in donation efforts. in its creation, this article was meant to be temporary - and now it is time to delete it. although relief fund-raising continues, it has fallen off, and wikipedia *must* get rid of this article which violates all kinds of policies and standards. Kingturtle 19:58, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I think we should merge major organizations' links to the article on the tsunami itself and then delet this page.
 * Comment: Kingturtle is correct about the circumstances of the article's creation.  In my proposal to break Donation out from 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, which was then a single page, I stated that it would be a special temporary page for the time needed.  My edit after the initial paste from the main article reiterated that it was "special temporary".  This disclaimer was lost only recently.  Deletion would be accordance with the understanding reached for its creation, especially if it violates policy. -   BanyanTree 21:15, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Time for it to go now. It has served its purpose, and is now just clutter. Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 22:52, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete/Redirect. A breach of the rules done for a noble purpose, and it no doubt succeeded in gaining more donations for the cause, but now is its time to go. Possibly redirect to the core page so anyone clicking through from a Wikipedia source-based website can still find information about where to donate. Master Thief Garrett 02:30, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Archive it somewhere please. Kappa 02:31, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, agree - it shouldnt stay on wikipedia as it did bend the rules regarding advertisement and soapboxes. Megan1967 04:29, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * At the very least, redirect to the main page so as to not break incoming links (of which there are many). sjorford →•← 08:41, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * That also means that anyone still wishing to donate can do so from there, rather than being "404'ed" and turning away in dismay (as such). Master Thief Garrett 08:47, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Couldn't it be moved to an encyclopedic article at something like List of charities accepting donations for the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, or some better title like that? --Dmcdevit 19:34, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect N-Mantalk 20:29, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. it is not encyclopedic. Kingturtle 22:54, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not encyclo. Radiant_* 11:02, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. A good thing to have in the days after the earthquake, but it has served its purpose and is not encyclopedic. Indrian 04:52, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Disclaimer : I am the first person to question the appropriateness of the content in 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake talk page. SYSS Mouse 20:34, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * There actually are not all that many inbound links to this article - and many of the ones that do exist are either user pages (of the "I worked on this" or "I have a comment about this" kind) or Wikipedia pages discussing the controversy. Very few are actual article links.  Fixing those links seems very solvable.  Delete.  Rossami (talk) 04:41, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I was thinking of external links in from outside sites, although now I look at it I'm not sure there are that many after all. sjorford →•← 10:22, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. As it says, it's temporary. —kooo 09:12, Apr 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to Donations for victims.... If thats the purpose of the artice. If its purpose is to talk about donations in general related to the disaster, then thats rather encyclopedic in scope DYT? -SV|t 00:39, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake --Smooth Henry 04:40, May 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect Jobarts-Talk 18:50, May 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * delete or redirect -Pedro 01:59, 5 May 2005 (UTC)


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File:Marvwendy.png

Mickey Rourke and Jaime King in a scene from Sin City.

Rationale of fair use for this image in List of Sin City yarns

 * 1) The screenshot is of lower resolution and quality than the original film.
 * 2) No free or public-domain images have been located for this content.
 * 3) The screenshot does not limit the copyright owners' rights to distribute the film on television or DVDs in any way.
 * 4) The screenshot is used to illustrate something described in the article.
 * 5) The screenshot is being used for informational purposes only, and its use is not believed to detract from the original film in any way.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Marvwendy.png


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The Black Album (Prince album)

The untitled sixteenth studio album by American recording artist Prince, referred to as The Black Album, was re-released with re-mastered audio (and a few song title revisions) on November 22, 1994, by Warner Bros. Records after its original release on December 8, 1987. The follow-up to Sign o' the Times, the album was to appear in an entirely black sleeve with no title or even a credit to Prince; hence it being referred to as The Black Album. Dubbed The Funk Bible by preceding press releases, and in a hidden message within the album itself, the work seemed to be a reaction to criticism that Prince had become too pop-oriented. It was his attempt to regain his black audience.

The 1987 promo-only release had no printed title, artist name, production credits or photography printed; a simple black sleeve accompanied the disc. On promotional copies, only a song listing and catalog number—25677—were printed on the disc itself. The commercial version was to only have the catalog number—printed in pink—on the spine. The original compact disc pressing was made by Sony DADC rather than WEA Manufacturing. After Prince became convinced that the album was "evil", he ordered it to be withdrawn a week before its release date. It was replaced with the album Lovesexy, a brighter pop-oriented album with elements of religious affirmation.

Music
Prince invoked Camille, the alter-ego behind his unreleased 1986 album Camille, as the guiding force responsible for The Black Album.

The opening track also mentioned the title of the album as being The Funk Bible, which was a consideration during work on this project. The title refers both to the album's all-black cover design and to Prince's attempt to earn back his credibility among the black pop audience.

The album features one of the most atypical Prince songs: "Bob George", in which he assumes the identity of a profane man who suspects his girlfriend to have had an affair with a man named Bob. He asks her what the man does for a living and learns that Bob manages Prince, whom he dismisses as "that skinny motherfucker with the high voice". The gun-wielding alter ego then fires a multitude of gunshots, and ends up being raided by the police. During live performances of the song during the Lovesexy Tour, he ends up being shot. The name for the track was a combination of Bob Cavallo (former manager), and Nelson George, a critic who was felt to have become very critical of Prince. "Bob George" features a growling monologue that is pitched down (using a Publison) to the point of being almost unrecognizable as Prince. The voice at the end of the song that says "bizarre" is actually a stock sound from the Fairlight CMI IIx library, with its pitch raised.

The Black Album features songs such as the hip hop parody "Dead on It", which playfully makes the accusation that all rappers are tone-deaf and unable to sing, and the playful "Cindy C.", which refers to supermodel Cindy Crawford. The rhyme at the end of the song was originally written by Steve "Silk" Hurley and was included on a song titled "Music Is the Key", which was previously released by Chicago house-music group JM Silk, of which Hurley was the founder. Hurley would later go on to remix two of the songs from the "Gett Off" maxi-single, the Housestyle and Flutestramental versions.

The album contains several instances of the portrayal of characters, using either a sped-up or slowed-down vocal track by Prince (as on "If I Was Your Girlfriend", "U Got the Look", "Strange Relationship", and "Housequake", all from the Sign o' the Times album).

The instrumental jazz-funk jam "2 Nigs United 4 West Compton" was revisited as a live song on the One Nite Alone... Live! album, but it was hardly the same track.

"Rockhard in a Funky Place" was originally considered for inclusion on the Camille project and then the planned Crystal Ball album. After the album's fade out, dissonant feedback fades in, followed by Prince saying "What kind of fuck ending was that?" before fading out again. "When 2 R in Love" is the only ballad on the album, and reappeared on Lovesexy, which was released the next year.

Prince performed "Bob George", parts of "When 2 R in Love", and "Superfunkycalifragisexy" on his Lovesexy Tour. "When 2 R in Love" was usually part of the piano medley in Act II, whereas the other two songs were part of the Act I segment, where Prince's evil side showed through (coinciding with the idea that The Black Album was evil, hence its being pulled from release by Prince). Act II was his born-again segment, with more upbeat spiritual songs, highlighting most of the Lovesexy songs, and top 40 hits.

Samples of "Bob George" would later show up on the "Dub Beats" official promo mix of Madonna's 1989 single "Like a Prayer".

Withdrawal
The album was abandoned shortly before its intended release after Prince experienced a spiritual epiphany and became convinced it was "evil"; he later blamed the album on an entity named Spooky Electric, described as a demonic, low-voiced alter-ego induced by Camille. The decision may have been influenced by Prince's having a bad experience on MDMA. Prince recalled all copies and abandoned the entire project, leaving roughly 100 European promotional copies in circulation, and several American copies that would be widely bootlegged in the coming years.

Immediately after the decision to pull The Black Album from stores, the album emerged on the streets in bootleg form, arguably becoming popular music's most legendary bootleg since the Beach Boys' aborted 1967 album Smile.

In the music video for the lead single from Lovesexy, "Alphabet St.", a message quickly scrolls down the screen that reads: "Don't buy The Black Album, I'm sorry."

In April 2016, an original promo copy from 1987 was sold on Discogs' marketplace for a then-record of US$15,000.00. In 2017, five copies were discovered in the United States, with one of those selling for US$42,298. In June 2018, another copy of the original album was found in Canada—this copy later sold on the Discogs marketplace for $25,000.

Legal release
The Black Album was finally released by Warner Bros. Records on November 22, 1994—again, containing only a track listing and the new catalog number 45793 printed onto the disc itself, and a copyright date of 1994 (with the exception of "When 2 R in Love", which was released in 1988 on Lovesexy). Although it was released in a strictly limited edition and was pulled on January 27, 1995, the album was re-released exclusively to Tidal in 2016.

In the week of the album's official release, Warner ran an ad at the back of the November 26, 1994, issue of Billboard that offered owners of counterfeit copies a free copy of the legal release, provided they mail their bootleg copy to the label in exchange. This offer was given only to the first 1,000 individuals who sent in their copies.

Reception
Reactions to the 1987 promo release were largely positive. Several celebrities, including U2's The Edge and Bono, cited it as one of their favorite albums of 1988 in a Rolling Stone magazine poll. Robert Christgau, writing in The Village Voice, compared Prince's approach to George Clinton's "sonic wallop and communal craziness", adding that "the bassy murk never lets up, and at its weirdest [...] it's as dark as "Cosmic Slop."" Commenting on the scarcity of advance-release copies, he recommended that "those who pine for heavy funk should nag their local dealers". The New York Times' Jon Pareles remarked that both The Black Album and Lovesexy "show a musician experimenting like mad with every musical parameter, and so prolific that he has to cut back his output so he won't be competing with himself". He observed that The Black Album "answers the Beatles' eclectic White Album with Prince's own tour of black music styles (from a skeletal, synthesized blues to a rap, with extended stops at James Brown, Sly and the Family Stone and Parliament-Funkadelic); it has black humor and nasty fantasies."

Retrospective reviews since the album's limited official release have been more mixed. In one of the few unambiguously negative appraisals, Select's Matt Hall panned the album as "the sound of someone losing step with the times", and was particularly critical of Prince's "embarrassing, bitter rant against hip hop" on "Dead on It". David Browne of Entertainment Weekly believed that The Black Album had not aged well by 1994, writing that "[i]n the pre-gangsta days of 1987, The Black Album was jarring, but now that our ears have become jaded — at times liberated — it sounds downright average", but offered praise for the "spooky, scary, and funny, sometimes all at once" "Bob George". More sympathetically, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic opined that the album "isn't a lost masterwork -- it's fun, but not much more". He criticized "When 2 R in Love" as "nondescript" and "Dead on It" as "one of the lamest things he ever waxed", but declared that "[t]he rest of the eight-song album is brilliant, pure funk" and "a terrific little record that still delights, even after its mystique has faded".

Personnel

 * Prince – lead and backing vocals, electric and acoustic guitars, piano, Hammond organ, Ensoniq Mirage, Fairlight CMI, Oberheim OB-Xa, Oberheim OB-8, Prophet VS, Yamaha DX7, bass guitar, Linn LM-1, LinnDrum, drums, percussion, handclaps, Publison IM90 Infernal Machine
 * Sheila E. – backing vocals (1, 2), percussion (2), handclaps (2), drums (7), sampled line from "Holly Rock" (3)
 * Eric Leeds – saxophone (1, 2, 8), flute (8)
 * Atlanta Bliss – trumpet (1, 2, 8)
 * Cat Glover – backing vocals (1), backing vocals and rap (2), spoken vocals (7)
 * Boni Boyer – backing vocals (1, 2)
 * Susannah Melvoin – backing vocals (1, 2, 8), handclaps (2, 8)
 * Jill Jones – backing vocals (1, 2, 8), handclaps (2)
 * Susan Rogers – engineer

title: The Black Album (Prince album)


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Adjumani District

Adjumani District is a district in Northern Uganda. Like most other Ugandan districts, it is named after its 'chief town', Adjumani, where the district headquarters are located.

Location
Adjumani District is bordered by Moyo District to the north, South Sudan to the northeast, Amuru District to the east and south, Arua District to the southwest and Yumbe District to the northwest. The largest town in the district, Adjumani, is located approximately 125 km, by road, northeast of Arua, the largest city in the sub-region. This location lies approximately 436 km, by road, northwest of Kampala, the capital of Uganda and the largest city in that country. The district lies on the southern bank of the White Nile, just before it flows into South Sudan. The coordinates of the district are:03 23N, 31 47E (Latitude:3.3845; Longitude:31.7820).

Overview
Adjumani District was created on May 17, 1997, when Moyo District was split into two. The eastern part of Moyo District was renamed Adjumani District, after its largest town, Adjumani. The western part of the old Moyo District, remained as the modern Moyo District.

In 1991, the national population census estimated the population of the district at about 96,300. The 2002 national census estimated the district population at about 202,300 people, of whom 49.6% were male and 50.4% were female. The annual district population growth rate has been determined to be 6.5%, between 2002 and 2012. It is estimated that the population of Adjumani District in 2019 was approximately 234,300.

Since 1991, the district has been host to refugee settlements, including Baratuku, Mungula II and the Maaji refugee settlements, housing successive waves of people displaced from South Sudan. As of 2018, the district is home to over 236,000 refugees.

Economic activities
Agriculture is the backbone of Adjumani District's economy. Crops raised include • Beans

• Maize

• Millet

• Simsim

• Mangoes

• Avocado

• Cassava

• Matooke

• Flowers

• Tobacco

• Groundnuts

Prominent people
Prominent people from the district include the following:
 * Lieutenant General (Retired) Moses Ali, LLB, Dip. Law. Pract., M.Mil.Sc., lawyer, politician and retired military officer. Currently serves as the third deputy prime minister and MP for "East Moyo County".
 * Christine Dranzoa PhD, university professor, administrator, biologist, terrestrial ecologist and community leader. She is the Vice Chancellor of Muni University, one of the six public universities in Uganda.
 * Jessica Eriyo, educator, social worker, politician and diplomat. Currently, she serves as the Deputy Secretary General of the East African Community, (EAC), responsible for Productive & Social Sectors
 * Christine Ondoa MBChB, MMed, MPA, Dip.Pub.Adm., pediatrician, pastor and politician. She currently serves as the Director General of the Uganda AIDS Commission.

Primary schools

 * African Child Freedom Primary School
 * Agojo Lower Primary School
 * Ajeri Primary School
 * Alere 11 B Primary School
 * Alere I Primary School
 * Angel Garbiel Green Valley Primary School
 * Ayilo 11c Primary School
 * Ayilo Ii A Primary School
 * Bella Primary School
 * Biira Child Friendly Primary School
 * Bishop Angelo Ngrin Primary School
 * Bishop Ceaser Asili Primary School
 * Blessed Primary School
 * Christ The King Primary School
 * Ebenezer Primary School
 * Eden Junior School
 * Esia Primary School
 * Etia Primary School
 * Faith Primary School
 * F.K Onama Memorial Primary School
 * Gulinya Primary School
 * Gwere Primary School
 * Hero’s Foundation School
 * Homing Dove Primary School
 * Hope And Shine Primary School
 * Itoasi Primary School
 * Keyo III Primary School
 * Kobo Primary School
 * Kozeiza Primary School
 * Liberty Primary School
 * Liliane Foundation Primary School
 * Masa Primary School
 * Meabe II Primary School
 * Meabe I Primary School
 * Meabe Primary School
 * Meliaderi Primary School
 * Mijale Primary School
 * Mirieyi Primary School
 * Mirieyi Refugee Primary School
 * Moinya Primary School
 * Mother Thereza Preparatory School
 * Mummys Care Primary School
 * Mungula Primary School
 * New Generation Primary School
 * Nile Spring Junior School
 * Noor Islamic Primary School
 * Nyumanzi Alp Primary School
 * Ogolo Primary School
 * Ojigo Primary School
 * Oligo Primary School
 * Olua Primary School
 * Opejo Primary School
 * Opidolobo Primary School
 * Pagirinya I Primary School
 * Pagirinya Primary School
 * Peace Primary School
 * Pearl Demonstration Primary School
 * Rei Valley Sda Primary School
 * Rende Primary School
 * Robidire Primary School
 * Royal Primary School
 * Sir Samuel Mawa Primary School
 * St. Catherine Primary School
 * St. Dominic Nyabila Primary School
 * St. Dominic Savio Primary School
 * St. Egidio Primary School
 * St. James College Primary School
 * St. Joseph Primary School
 * St. Josephs Primary School
 * St. Luke Primary School
 * St. Luke Primary School
 * St. Mary Assumpta Primary School
 * St. Peter’s Primary School
 * St. Primos Primary School
 * St. Veronica Primary School
 * Tandala Primary School
 * Tianyu Primary School
 * Tuikat Hill Primary School
 * Twaheed Primary School
 * Umwia Primary School
 * West Gate Primary School
 * Yoro Town Primary School
 * Zoka Central Primary School
 * Zoka Primary School
 * Zoka South Primary School

Secondary schools

 * Alere Refugee Secondary School
 * Ofua Seed Secondary School
 * St. Mary Assumpta SS, Pakele
 * Dzaipi Secondary School

title: Adjumani District


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Bundibugyo District

Bundibugyo District is a district in the Western Region of Uganda, bordering the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The town of Bundibugyo is where both the district headquarters and the Bwamba Kingdom seat (Obudhingiya Bwa Bwamba) are located. Before July 2010, the districts of Ntoroko and Bundibugyo were one. These districts are the only two in Uganda that lie west of the Rwenzori mountains. Bundibugyo (With Ntoroko) was first named Semuliki district on separating it from the Greator Kabarole district alongside Rwenzori district (Kasese) in 1974.

Location
Via Karugutu Bundibugyo District is bordered by Ntoroko District to the northeast, Kabarole District to the east, Bunyangabu District to the southeast, Kasese District to the south and the D.R.C to the west and north. The district headquarters at Bundibugyo are located approximately 83.6 km, by road, west of Fort Portal city the capital of Rwenzori Sub-region. This is about 72 km, north of Kasese town but no motorable roads link Kasese and Bundibugyo districts because of the over 4 km high Rwenzori Mountains. Travellers between the two districts must go around the mountains via Bunyangabu, Kabarole, and Ntoroko districts, an approximate diastance of 155 km. Or via the D.R.C if they don't fly or walk over the Mountains.

Overview
In the late 1990s, tens of thousands of civilians were displaced by the insurgency of the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) who were operating in the district. In one such raid on 7 April 1999, rebels killed 11 civilians and looted property during an attack in the district. In a separate attack in the same month, the member of parliament for Bunyangabu county was shot and wounded in an attack in neighboring Kabarole District by ADF insurgents.

Population
The 1991 national population census estimated the district population at 92,300. During the 2002 national census, the population of was put at about 158,900. The annual population growth rate in the district was estimated at 5.2 percent.

In 2012, the population of the district was estimated at 261,700.

Economic activities
Subsistence agriculture and animal husbandry are the two major economic activities in the district. It is the largest producer of cocoa in Uganda, accounting for unprocessed beans worth UGX:90 billion annually.

title: Bundibugyo District


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Jack Anderson (columnist)

Jack Northman Anderson (October 19, 1922 – December 17, 2005) was an American newspaper columnist, syndicated by United Features Syndicate, considered one of the founders of modern investigative journalism. Anderson won the 1972 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting for his investigation on secret U.S. policy decision-making between the United States and Pakistan during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. In addition to his newspaper career, Anderson also had a national radio show on the Mutual Broadcasting System, acted as Washington bureau chief of Parade magazine, and was a commentator on ABC-TV's Good Morning America for nine years.

Among the exposés Anderson reported were the Nixon administration's investigation and harassment of John Lennon during its fight to deport Lennon; the continuing activities of fugitive Nazi officials in South America; and the savings and loan crisis. He revealed the history of a CIA plot to assassinate Fidel Castro and was credited for breaking the story of the Iran–Contra affair under President Reagan. He said that the scoop was "spiked" because the story had become too close to President Ronald Reagan.

Early life and career
Anderson was born in Long Beach, California, to Orlando and Agnes (née Mortensen) Anderson, devout members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints of Swedish and Danish descent. He grew up with his family in Salt Lake City, Utah. After high school, he served two years as a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the church's Southern States Mission.

Anderson's aptitude for journalism appeared at the early age of 12 when he began writing the Boy Scouts Column for The Deseret News. He published his first articles in his local newspaper, The Murray Eagle. He edited his high school newspaper, The Granitian. He joined The Salt Lake Tribune in 1940, where his muckraking exploits included infiltrating polygamous Mormon fundamentalist sects. In 1944, he joined the United States Merchant Marine and served on cargo ships that went to New Guinea and India. In the spring of 1945, he resigned from the Merchant Marine, and became a war correspondent stationed in Chungking, China. Shortly after World War II ended, he was drafted into the United States Army, and served until the fall of 1946 as an armed forces newsman and radio broadcaster. While in the Army, Anderson worked on the Shanghai edition of Stars and Stripes, produced by troops and XMHA, the Armed Forces' radio station. After his stint in the Army, Anderson was hired by Drew Pearson for the staff of his column, the "Merry-Go-Round". When Pearson died in 1969, Anderson inherited responsibility for this column and gave his own name to it – Washington Merry-go-Round. In its heyday, Anderson's column was the most influential and widely read in the U.S.; published in nearly a thousand newspapers, he reached an audience of 40 million people. He co-founded Citizens Against Government Waste with J. Peter Grace in 1984.

Muckraker
Anderson feuded with FBI director J. Edgar Hoover in the 1950s, when he exposed the scope of the Mafia, a threat that Hoover had long downplayed. Hoover's retaliation and continual harassment lasted into the 1970s. Hoover once described Anderson as "lower than the regurgitated filth of vultures."

Anderson told his staff, "Let's do to Hoover what he does to others," and he instructed them to go through Hoover's garbage, a tactic the FBI used in its surveillance of political dissidents.

Anderson grew close to Senator Joseph McCarthy, and the two exchanged information from sources. When Pearson went after McCarthy, Anderson reluctantly followed.

In the mid-1960s Anderson exposed the corruption of Senator Thomas J. Dodd and unearthed a memo by an ITT executive admitting the company made large donations to Richard Nixon's campaign to so that Nixon would stymie anti-trust prosecution. His reporting on Nixon-ITT corruption earned him a place on the Master list of Nixon's political opponents. Anderson collaborated with Pearson on The Case Against Congress, published in 1968.

According to the Family Jewels Central Intelligence Agency documents, in 1971, during the Indo-Pakistani War, the director of the CIA, Richard Helms, had a wiretap put on Anderson's phones.

Other topics that Anderson covered included organized crime, the John F. Kennedy assassination, Ted Kennedy's role in the drowning death of a staffer at the Chappaquiddick incident, the Watergate scandal, the 1970 meeting between Elvis Presley and President Nixon, fugitive Nazis, the white supremacist organization the Liberty Lobby and other far-right organizations, the death of Howard Hughes, the ABSCAM public corruption investigation, the investigation into fugitive financier Robert Vesco, the Iran-Contra scandal, and the activities of numerous Washington agencies, elected officials, and bureaucrats.

Retractions
Anderson's column occasionally published erroneous information for which he issued retractions. During the 1972 presidential race, Anderson retracted a story accusing Democratic vice-presidential nominee Thomas Eagleton of multiple drunk driving arrests. But Eagleton's campaign was already severely damaged, and he was dropped from the ticket.

Targeted for assassination
In 1972 Anderson was the target of an assassination plot conceived by senior White House staff. Two Nixon administration conspirators admitted under oath that they plotted to poison Anderson on orders from senior White House aide Charles Colson.

White House "plumbers" G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt met with a CIA operative to discuss the possibilities, including drugging Anderson with LSD, poisoning his aspirin bottle, or staging a fatal mugging. The plot was aborted when the plotters were arrested for the Watergate break-in. Nixon had long been angry with Anderson. He blamed the fallout from Anderson's election-eve story about a secret loan from Howard Hughes to Nixon's brother for Nixon's loss of the 1960 presidential election.

Project Mudhen
Beginning in February 1972, Anderson was the subject of a CIA project called Project Mudhen (also referred to as Operation Mudhen) aiming to find the sources of his articles. Over the course of three months, ending April 12, 1972, the CIA spied on Anderson, whose code name in the project was "Brandy". The CIA ended Mudhen after being unsuccessful at finding his sources and believing that Anderson was beginning to suspect he was being spied on by the CIA, which was able to collect a large file on his personal movements, his family, and the fact that he drove too fast occasionally. He later used documents he had been given about the project as part of a lawsuit against Richard Nixon and other government officials in 1977 claiming "that the agencies and officials committed various illegal acts and violated his constitutional rights to free speech and privacy".

Glomar Explorer
Anderson has been credited as breaking the story of the Glomar Explorer, a ship constructed under tight security by the CIA to recover the lost nuclear-armed Soviet submarine K-129. Rejecting a plea from the Director of Central Intelligence William Colby to suppress the story, Anderson said he published the story because "Navy experts have told us that the sunken sub contains no real secrets and that the project, therefore, is a waste of the taxpayers' money."

JFK conspiracy allegations
In November 1988 Anderson hosted a two-hour prime-time television special entitled American Expose: Who Murdered JFK? The program asserted that the assassination of John F. Kennedy was a conspiracy involving an alliance between organized crime and the Cuban government, and that the Warren Commission did not publicly reveal the true findings. Anderson's theory was based on interviews with mobster John Roselli who – prior to his death 12 years earlier – said he learned of a conspiracy through mob sources. Anderson's conversations with Roselli were re-enacted with an actor portraying Roselli. According to Anderson, Cuban leader Fidel Castro wanted Kennedy killed in retaliation for CIA plots to kill Castro, and leaders of La Cosa Nostra in the United States opposed him due to his brother Robert F. Kennedy's efforts as US Attorney General against organized crime. He said that Santo Trafficante, Carlos Marcello, and Jimmy Hoffa had the "motive and means to kill the president", and reiterated reports connecting Lee Harvey Oswald and Jack Ruby to the mob. Anderson also alleged that President Lyndon B. Johnson covered up the conspiracy for fear that public knowledge of the CIA plots would trigger war with the Soviet Union.

According to Anderson's report, private photographic analysts concluded that the shot that killed Kennedy came from the front, and that E. Howard Hunt and James Earl Ray were depicted in photographs of the "three tramps". Hunt denied the charge on the program and said he had witnesses who could prove he was not in Dallas. An Associated Press (AP) writer described it as a "bizarre allegation," to which Anderson provided "no explanation of their alleged connection".

Chicago Tribune columnist Steve Daily called the program "limp" and said Anderson's conclusion that organized crime was responsible for the assassination was based "on circumstantial evidence and the word of dead gangster Johnny Roselli." Howard Rosenberg of the Los Angeles Times wrote that it was "tawdry and strident" and said Anderson's "so-called evidence was unclear, unconvincing and untrustworthy." The Deseret News said Anderson was trying to "rewrite history".

Capitol security stunt
To demonstrate the weak security within the U.S. Capitol, in 1989, Anderson brought a gun to an interview in the office of Bob Dole, Senate minority leader. He was reprimanded and Congress passed a change of rules for reporters' access to the Capitol and politicians.

Legmen and alumni
Investigative reporter Les Whitten shared the byline of Anderson's column in the 1970s. Anderson also used a staff of "legmen" on his payroll, who earned little but gained valuable reporting experience. Among Anderson's legmen—reporters who went out into the field and gathered the information, forwarding it to writers such as Anderson—was Brit Hume, later a television reporter for ABC News and Washington managing editor for the Fox News Channel.

Death and aftermath
Anderson was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 1986. In July 2004, at the age of 81, Anderson retired from his syndicated column, Washington Merry-Go-Round. He died of complications from Parkinson's disease on December 17, 2005.

In April 2006, Anderson's son Kevin said that some FBI agents had approached his mother (Jack's widow), Olivia, earlier that year to gain access to his father's files. This was purportedly in connection with the Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal. FBI spokesmen said that Anderson's archives contained classified information and confirmed that they wanted to remove the papers before they were made public. The agents claimed to be looking for documents pertaining to American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) as part of an espionage investigation. In November 2006, the FBI quietly gave up its pursuit of the archive. The Chronicle of Higher Education reported that the archive contains Anderson's CIA file, along with information he had compiled about prominent public figures such as Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, Thomas Dodd, and J. Edgar Hoover.

Books
Nonfiction
 * McCarthyism: The Man, the Senator, the “ism” (1952)
 * Washington exposé by Jack Anderson (Washington: Public Affairs Press, 1967)
 * The Case Against Congress, with Drew Pearson (1969)
 * American Government ...Like It Is, with Carl Kalvelage (1971)
 * The Anderson Papers (1973)
 * Confessions of a Muckraker, with James Boyd (1979)
 * Alice in Blunderland, with John Kidner (1983)
 * Fiasco, with James Boyd (1983)
 * Inside the NRA: Armed and Dangerous (1996)
 * Washington Money-Go-Round (1997)
 * Peace, War and Politics: An Eyewitness Account, with Daryl Gibson (1999)

Fiction
 * The Cambodia File, with Bill Pronzini (1983)
 * Control (1989)
 * Zero Time (1990)
 * The Japan Conspiracy (1993)
 * Millennium (1995)
 * The Saudi Connection, with Robert Westbrook (2005)

title: Jack Anderson (columnist)


text:
McClure Pass

McClure Pass is a mountain pass in the Rocky Mountains of western Colorado in the United States. It is located along the boundary between Pitkin and Gunnison counties, in a gap at the western side of the Elk Mountains. The pass is at an elevation of 8755 ft) and separates the headwaters of the Crystal River (a tributary of the Roaring Fork River) to the east with the headwaters of the North Fork Gunnison River to the west. The pass is named in honor of Thomas "Mack" McClure who in the late 19th Century owned a large house at the eastern base of the pass. The house served as a stage stop where McClure fed and lodged travelers.

The pass is traversed by State Highway 133 between Carbondale and Paonia, providing the direct route between the Roaring Fork Valley and the North Fork Valley. The pass is not especially high and is generally open year-round, closed only during heavy snowstorms. The approaches are fairly steep on each side, with an 8% grade.

Climate
There is a SNOTEL weather station for McClure Pass, situated at an elevation of 9500 ft (2896m). McClure Pass has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), bordering on a subalpine climate (Köppen Dfc).

title: McClure Pass


text:
Fasilides

Fasilides (Ge'ez: ፋሲለደስ; Fāsīladas; 20 November 1603 – 18 October 1667), also known as Fasil, Basilide, or Basilides (as in the works of Edward Gibbon), was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1632 to his death on 18 October 1667, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. His throne name was Alam Sagad (Ge'ez: ዓለም ሰገድ).

Renowned as the founder of Gondar, the capital of the Ethiopian Empire, Fasilides ushered in the Gondarine period. Notably, he confiscated and exiled the Jesuits, while also establishing security alliances with neighboring Islamic sultanates. Additionally, he played a crucial role in leading the campaign against the Agaw rebels. In 1666, following his son Dawit's rebellion, Fasilides had him imprisoned in Wehni. The emperor himself died a year later and was laid to rest in a monastery on Daga Island in Lake Tana.

History
Being of Amhara descent, he was the son of Emperor Susenyos I and Empress Sahle Work (Ge'ez: ሣህለወርቅ) (throne name) ለ (name) of Wagda Katata and Merhabete. Emperor Fasilides was born at Magezez, Bulga in the Shewa region. His paternal grandfather's name was also Fasilides. He was builder of the Fasil palace.

Fasilides was proclaimed emperor in 1630 during a revolt led by Sarsa Krestos, but did not reach the throne until his father abdicated in 1632. Once he became emperor, Fasilides immediately restored the official status of the traditional Ethiopian Orthodox Church. He sent for a new abuna from the patriarch of Alexandria, restoring the ancient relationship that had been allowed to lapse. He confiscated the lands of the Jesuits at Dankaz and elsewhere in the empire and exiled them to Fremona. When he heard that the Portuguese bombarded Mombasa, Fasilides assumed that Afonso Mendes, the Roman Catholic prelate, was behind the act, and banished the remaining Jesuits from his lands. Mendes and most of his followers made their way back to Goa, being robbed or imprisoned several times on the way. In 1665, he ordered the "Books of the Franks"—the remaining religious writings of the Catholics—burnt.Fasilides is commonly credited with founding the city of Gondar in 1636, establishing it as Ethiopia's capital. Whether or not a community existed here before he made it his capital is unknown. Amongst the buildings he had constructed there are the beginnings of the complex later known as Fasil Ghebbi, as well as some of the earliest of Gondar's fabled 44 churches: Adababay Iyasus, Adababay Tekle Haymanot, Atatami Mikael, Gemjabet Mariyam, Fit Mikael, and Qeddus Abbo. He is also credited with building seven stone bridges in Ethiopia, notably the Sebara Dildiy bridge (11.21768°N, 37.87678°W); as a result all old bridges in Ethiopia are often commonly believed to be his work.

Emperor Fasilides also built the Cathedral Church of St Mary of Zion at Axum. Fasilides' church is known today as the "Old Cathedral" and stands next to a newer cathedral built by Emperor Haile Selassie.

The rebellion of the Agaw in Lasta, which had begun under his father, continued into his reign and for the rest of his reign he made regular punitive expeditions into Lasta. The first, in 1637, went badly, for at the Battle of Libo his men panicked before the Agaw assault and their leader, Melka Kristos, entered Fasilides' palace and took the throne for himself. Fasilides quickly recovered and sent for help to Qegnazmach Dimmo, governor of Semien, and his brother Gelawdewos, governor of Begemder. These marched on Melka Kristos, who was still at Libo, where he was killed and his men defeated. The next year Fasilides marched into Lasta; according to James Bruce, the Agaw retreated to their mountain strongholds, and "almost the whole army perished amidst the mountains; great part from famine, but a greater still from cold, a very remarkable circumstance in these latitudes."

Foreign diplomacy
Soon after he took the throne from his father, Fasilides ended all forms of contact between Ethiopia and Europe, expelling all European Jesuits and their missionaries while forming security pacts with the surrounding Islamic sultanates and initiating diplomatic relations with Islamic kingdoms such as the Safavids, Ottomans, Mughals and the Imams of Yemen. This isolation of the Ethiopian empire from Europe lasted more than two centuries.

Fasilides tried in 1642–7 to establish diplomatic relations with Al-Mutawakkil Isma'il, the Zaydi Imam of Yemen. When Massawa was occupied by the Ottoman Empire, the Ethiopian Emperor Fasilides attempted to develop a new trade route via Beylul. His choice fell on Beylul, because this port was beyond the Ottoman sphere of control and directly opposite the harbor of Mocha in Yemen. In 1642 he sent a message to the Imam of Yemen al-Mu'ayyad Mohammed to gain his support for this project. Since al-Mu'ayyad Mohammed and his son al-Mutawakkil Isma'il assumed that Fasilides was interested in a conversion to Islam, a Yemeni embassy was sent to Gondar in 1646. However, when the Yemenis understood Fasilides' actual motives, their enthusiasm sank and the project was abandoned.

He also dispatched an envoy to India in 1664–5, extending congratulations to Aurangzeb for his ascension to the Mughal Empire throne. The delegation reportedly presented several valuable offerings to the Mughal Emperor, such as slaves, ivory, horses, zebras, a set of intricately adorned silver pocket pistols, and various other exotic gifts.

In 1666, after his son Dawit rebelled, Fasilides had him incarcerated at Wehni, reviving the ancient practice of confining troublesome members of the Imperial family to a mountaintop, as they had once been confined at Amba Geshen.

Death
Fasilides died at Azezo in 1667, 5 mi south of Gondar, and his body was interred at St. Stephen's, a monastery on Daga Island in Lake Tana. When Nathaniel T. Kenney was shown Fasilides' remains, he saw a smaller mummy also shared the coffin. A monk told Kenney that it was Fasilides' seven-year-old son Isur, who had been smothered in a crush of people, had come to pay homage to the new king.

Descendants
Fasilides had three sons (of which two died before coming of age) and three daughters.

 * Yohannes I was the eldest son and successor.
 * His two other sons (Dawit and Isuor) died before Fasilides.
 * Theoclea was his eldest daughter, she married one of her father's retainer Laeka Krestos, a son of noblemen Malkae Krestos.
 * Kedeste Krestos was his second daughter, she married and had issue.
 * Sabla Wangel was his third daughter. It's through her line that Emperor Tewodros I claimed Solomonic descent from Fasiliades, almost two centuries later.

title: Fasilides


text:
Jerry B. Jenkins

Jerry Bruce Jenkins (born September 23, 1949) is an American writer. He is best known for the Left Behind series, written with Tim LaHaye. Jenkins also writes the novels following the TV series about Jesus, The Chosen. Jenkins has written more than 200 books, in multiple genres, such as biography, self-help, romance, mystery, and young adult fiction. Nineteen of his 130+ novels have explored eschatological themes and settings.

In 2016, Jenkins was described as a dispensationalist Christian by The Washington Post.

Early life
Jenkins was born September 1949 to Harry Philip Jenkins and Bonita Grace Thompson of Kalamazoo, Michigan. In a 2008 interview with The Modesto Bee, Jenkins said his Christian faith was inspired by a Warner Sallman painting, guided by his mother. After graduating from Forest View High School, Jenkins attended Moody Bible Institute from 1967 to 1968, and Harper College from 1968 to 1970.

Career
After suffering an injury playing sports, Jenkins began work as a sports reporter while he was still in high school. Before he could drive, Jenkins covered high school sports for local newspapers. He was paid US$1 1964 per inch. While attending Moody Bible Institute, Jenkins served as night news editor for the institute's flagship radio station, WMBI-FM.

He served as Vice President of the Moody's publishing division from 1985 to 1988, and a writer-in-residence from 1988 onward. He was the managing editor of Moody Monthly from 1974 to 1979 and publisher from 1979 to 1981. Jenkins served as a member of Moody Bible Institute's Board of Trustees from 2001 to 2018.

As co-writer
Jenkins has written twenty as-told-to biographies and memoirs of prominent athletes and religious leaders, such as Hank Aaron, Bill Gaither, Walter Payton, Joe Gibbs, Mike Singletary, and Sammy Tippit. Jenkins called those titles his "sports personality" books. His credit as writer is given via an "as told to", "as told by", or "with Jerry B. Jenkins" attribution.

In an interview with Joanna Penn of The Creative Penn podcast, Jenkins explained he does not co-write, saying "if my name is on [the book] … I wrote every word." For works credited with Chris Fabry, such as The Wormlings (2007–08) series, Jenkins functioned as the editor, and Fabry was the sole writer. Jenkins said co-writing a book "is a nightmare," but can be successful if the roles among the credited writers are settled beforehand. His collaboration with Billy Graham resulted in In His Own Words (2018), published by Tyndale House, for which Jenkins received sole writing credit.

Gil Thorp
The Dallas O'Neil and The Baker Street Sports Club (1986) series, and its follow up, the Dallas O'Neil Mysteries (1988–89), prompted Gil Thorp creator Jack Berrill to open discussions with Jenkins on creating a line of young adult books about Gil Thorp and the athletes at the fictional Milford High School. The Gil Thorp series was never realized, but following Berrill's death in 1996, Jenkins was recruited by Tribune to continue to comic strip as its writer, with Rod Whigham as artist. During his tenure as writer, Jenkins introduced a number of controversial storylines, including a young shomer Shabbat joining the Milford football team.

Jenkins's sons, Chad and Dallas, contributed to Gil Thorp by developing scenarios for their father to write. According to the Chicago Reader, Chad Jenkins wrote the strip from 2001 to 2004 without credit, which both Jenkins and his son say is not true. Chad served as a story consultant.

Christian Writers Guild
In 1965, Norman Rohrer established the Christian Writers Guild (CWG). Rohrer offered a 48-part correspondence course intended to teach the craft of writing, as well as history and theology Rohrer believed were necessary to improve the quality of fiction and non-fiction writing intended for the Christian market. In 2001, Jenkins purchased the CWG, and Rohrer remained on staff as "Dean of Instruction". CWG transitioned from mail-based delivery, to an online platform. Jenkins recruited many of his friends and fellow writers to function as mentors to CWG members, and to expand the guild's offerings. In 2013, Jenkins developed the Christian Writers Guild Press intended to publish original works by CWG members. Jenkins was criticized for creating a "vanity press", despite lambasting such publishing schemes in the past and closed the operation before contracting with any writers.

According to literary agent Chip MacGregor, of MacGregor & Luedeke, Jenkins "was ready to return to his primary occupation and calling, that of full-time writing" by early-2014. Jenkins dissolved CWG in late-2014, which resulted in heavy criticism of both Jenkins and the CWG. Dennis E. Hensley told Christianity Today that Jenkins and the CWG had offered a "great service to developing writers." CWG's staff and mission were absorbed into a new organization called BelieversTrust, which operated until 2016.

Since 2016, Jenkins has taught an online writing course via his own platform, Jerry Jenkins Writers Guild.

Left Behind
Jenkins and co-author LaHaye of the Left Behind series were profiled in a May 24, 2004 cover story in Newsweek magazine entitled "The New Prophets of Revelation". LaHaye, who conceived the series, handled the theological underpinnings of his end-of-the-world series, while Jenkins handled the writing. The Left Behind series includes 16 books which have sold over 63 million copies worldwide.

Jenkins has said, "I write the best I can. I know I'm never going to be revered as some classic writer. I don't claim to be C. S. Lewis. The literary-type writers, I admire them. I wish I was smart enough to write a book that's hard to read, you know?"

In 2018, Left Behind series was ranked No. 77 in The Great American Read poll sponsored by PBS.

Personal life
Jenkins and his wife Dianna (née Whiteford), whom he married in 1971, reside in Black Forest, Colorado. He is the father of Dallas Jenkins, creator of The Chosen web television series; Chad Jenkins, the Sports Information Director at MidAmerica Nazarene University; and Michael Bruce Jenkins.

When asked about his Christian denomination, Jenkins has often answered "Jesus Christ". Alissa Wilkinson, of Christian Today, described Jenkins as a dispensationalist Christian in an editorial for The Washington Post.

Co-written works
Jenkins wrote the following memoirs and autobiographical works in which he received an "as told by" or "with Jerry B. Jenkins" attribution.

Margo Mystery (1979–1984)
A Margo Mystery series was published by Moody. The first novel, Margo (1979), was published by Jeremy Books, but later reprinted by Moody.

Jennifer Grey Mystery (1983–1985)
A Jennifer Grey Mystery series was published by Victor Books.

The Soon Trilogy (2003–2005)
The Soon Trilogy was published by Tyndale House.

Jesus Chronicles (2007–2010)
The Jesus Chronicles series, written with Tim LaHaye, is a narrative retelling of the four canonical gospels. Published by Penguin's Putnam Adult imprint. Reprints from Center Point assigned numbers to the novels.

Precinct 11 (2011–2012)
The Precinct 11 novels were published by Tyndale House.

Dead Sea Chronicles (2018–2020)
The Dead Sea Chronicles series is based on and inspired by the work of Craig A. Evans. Published by Worthy.

Young adult fiction
Below is an incomplete list:

Tara Chadwick (1984)
The Tara Chadwick Series was published by Moody in 1984. Reprinted in 1992, including new cover art and formatting.

Bradford Family (1984–1986)
The Bradford Family Adventures series was originally published by Stanford Publishing, in 1984. Reprinted by Moody in 1990.

Dallas O'Neil (1986)
The Dallas O'Neil and the Baker Street Sports Club series was published by Moody in 1986.

Dallas O'Neil Mysteries (1988–1989)
The Dallas O'Neil Mysteries series is a sequel to the Dallas O'Neil and the Baker Street Sports Club (1986) series. Also published by Moody.

Toby Andrews (1996)
The Toby Andrews and the Junior Deputies series was published by Moody.

Global Air Troubleshooters (1996)
The Global Air Troubleshooters series was published by Multnomah Books in 1996. Reprinted as AirQuest Adventures by Zondervan in 2006.

Red Rock Mysteries (2005–2006)
The Red Rock Mysteries series was written by Chris Fabry and edited by Jenkins. Published by Tyndale House. The series was reprinted in 2020, including new cover art and new text.

Renegade Spirit (2006–2008)
The Renegade Spirit series was written by John Perrodin and edited by Jenkins. Published by Thomas Nelson's Integrity imprint. The premise is similar to The Soon Trilogy (2003–2005), written by Jenkins.

The Wormlings (2007–2008)
The Wormlings series was written by Chris Fabry and edited by Jenkins. Published by Tyndale House.

Thirteen (2016–2017)
The Thirteen science fantasy series was written by Trisha White Priebe and edited by Jenkins. Published by Barbour.

Left Behind (1995–2007)
The Left Behind series, created and developed by Tim LaHaye, was published by Tyndale House. Thorndike Press, Turtleback Books, and others, offered reprints in various formats. Graphic novel adaptations of the series were published by Tyndale from 2001 to 2002. Tyndale also published devotional calendars for 2002 and 2003 which featured text from the novels. Prior to the release of Soul Harvest (1998), the novels were not numbered. Not all printings include a number stamp.

Prequel series (2005–2006)
Marketed as Before They Were Left Behind, the series retells events prior Left Behind (1995). The novels also function as prequels to Kingdom Come (2007), the final installment of the main series.

Kids (1998–2003)
Left Behind: The Kids is a retelling of the main series from the point of view of four young survivors. The novellas were bound-up as the Young Trib Force (2003–2005) series. Reprints include updated text introduced in the Young Trib Force bind-ups. ‡ Includes previously uncredited contributions from Chris Fabry.

Non-fiction companions (1999–2005)
Jenkins co-wrote three companions with Tim LaHaye. Are We Living in the End Times? (1999) was not marketed as a Left Behind title; however, the book explored themes and settings depicted in the novels. These Will Not Be Left Behind (2003) is a retrospective of reader's experiences with the series, and how they "came to faith." Reprints of the companions use the same cover design and typeface as the main series.

Young Trib Force (2003–2005)
Left Behind: The Young Trib Force bind-ups of The Kids (1998–2003) series, three or four novellas per volume. Chris Fabry wrote new material to link the novellas to the main sequence of novels. Several bind-ups included significant revisions to the original text, including reordering of events and character changes.

title: Jerry B. Jenkins


text:
Graffiti Bridge (album)

Graffiti Bridge is the twelfth studio album by American recording artist Prince and is the soundtrack album to the 1990 film of the same name. It was released on August 20, 1990, by Paisley Park Records and Warner Bros. Records.

The album was much better received in sales than the film. It reached number 6 in the United States and was his third consecutive chart-topper (following Lovesexy and Batman) on the UK Albums Chart. Nearly every song on the record was written by Prince despite the handful of artists performing, including Tevin Campbell, Mavis Staples, and the Time. The album produced the hit singles "Thieves in the Temple" and "New Power Generation", an anthem in two parts celebrating Prince's newly created backing band, the New Power Generation. The band would get its first official outing on Prince's next album, Diamonds and Pearls.

Evolution of the album
The concept for the album and film began as early as mid-1987, but experienced delays for various reasons. The title track was originally recorded during this period, hence the liner notes listing Sheila E. and Boni Boyer as performers on the track. In fact, nearly the entire album is composed of previously recorded sessions that were updated for this release.

"Tick, Tick, Bang" was originally from 1981 during the sessions for the Controversy album. Written by Prince, it was originally a more punk rock song with a bass synthesizer; the update of the song includes an uncredited drum sample from Jimi Hendrix's "Little Miss Lover". "Can't Stop This Feeling I Got" was from 1982, but later updated in mid-1986 during sessions for aborted album Dream Factory, before further updating. "We Can Funk" was first recorded in 1983, originally titled "We Can Fuck", before Prince re-recorded the song in 1986 with the Revolution (under the title "We Can Funk"), before further updating to the 1983 version took place. A melody similar to that of "Purple Rain" can be heard during the bridge of "Can't Stop This Feeling I Got". The three tracks were drastically updated in 1989 for release on Graffiti Bridge.

"The Question of U" was recorded in 1985 during sessions for Parade with little updating added to the original version. "Joy in Repetition" was first included on the unreleased Crystal Ball album in late 1986, and the same recording was used for this album (the track was not updated further for release, unlike the other "old" songs). Prince also kept the original segue of party noise at the start of the song (this time segueing from "We Can Funk" on this album instead of "The Ball" when "Joy in Repetition" was placed on Crystal Ball in 1986) which is also heard at the end of "Eye No", leading into "Alphabet St." on Lovesexy. The title track (from 1987) was updated for the album as well as "Elephants & Flowers" (from the 1988 unreleased Rave Unto the Joy Fantastic album) and "The Latest Fashion" (later given to the Time for their unreleased Corporate World album). "Melody Cool" and "Still Would Stand All Time" were intended for Rave Unto the Joy Fantastic and were later performed in some Lovesexy aftershows. "Still Would Stand All Time" was later considered for Batman, but was replaced by "Scandalous". The four tracks featuring the Time were originally going to be on Corporate World, recorded in 1989, though "The Latest Fashion" reuses music from "My Summertime Thang" from their album Pandemonium. "New Power Generation" was originally recorded in 1982 as "Bold Generation".

The only truly "new" compositions recorded for the album were "Round and Round", performed by Tevin Campbell, and "Thieves in the Temple". The latter song was the final track recorded for the album, recorded in early 1990. The B-side "Get Off" would soon be incorporated into "Gett Off" the following year.

Critical reception
Graffiti Bridge received positive reviews from contemporary critics, who praised Prince's songwriting and the variety of the music while deeming it an improvement over 1988's Lovesexy. Time magazine hailed the record as a "groovable feast", while Q's Lloyd Bradley claimed it was "practically impossible to choose anything that doesn't deserve to be there. How long is it since that can honestly be said about a Prince album?" In Entertainment Weekly, Greg Sandow said the album was likely a "masterpiece" that found Prince rediscovering his ability to cover different styles effortlessly. David Quantick of NME felt that it was the first Prince album to consolidate his various influences into a unified sound, instead of "separating them out so we can see how good he is at displaying his references". Rolling Stone reviewer Paul Evans credited him for lending a "sharper focus", "harder groove", and emphasis on funk and rock rather than "the feckless genre dabbling" of albums such as Lovesexy and Around the World in a Day (1985). Evans also believed Prince's catchy compositions helped make the "omnivorous mysticism" of his lyrics "newly convincing — convincing, but still startling, sensual and freeing". Greg Kot, the Chicago Tribune's chief music critic, called the album "a sprawling, wildly diffuse statement on love, sin, sex and salvation that ranks with his best work", as well as "perhaps his most complex and, dare we say, mature exploration" of those themes.

In The New York Times, Jon Pareles believed Graffiti Bridge would perhaps give Prince a success on both commercial and artistic terms, although he lamented some of the lyrics: "Verbally, he's no deep thinker; when he's not singing about sex, his messages tend to be benevolent and banal." Robert Christgau was less impressed in his consumer guide for The Village Voice. He applauded the guest artists, particularly the Time, and some of Prince's own half of songs, but said most of them were "overly subtle if not rehashed or just weak: title track, generational anthem, and lead single all reprise familiar themes, and the ballads fall short of the exquisite vocalese that can make his slow ones sing." At the end of 1990, Graffiti Bridge was voted the tenth best album of the year in the Pazz & Jop, a nationwide poll of American critics, published by The Village Voice.

In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine called Graffiti Bridge an "often very good" album whose best songs were those performed by Prince, with the exception of the Time's "Release It" and Tevin Campbell's "Round and Round". Michaelangelo Matos was more critical in The Rolling Stone Album Guide (2004), finding the record "interesting primarily for its guest stars" and "for the fact that it now sounds as dated as the new jack swing it apes".

Track listing
All songs written by Prince, except track 3, co-written with Levi Seacer, Jr., track 7, co-written with George Clinton, and track 9, co-written with Levi Seacer, Jr. and Morris Day.

Personnel

 * Prince – lead and backing vocals, electric and acoustic guitars, Roland D-50, E-mu Emax, Fairlight CMI, Oberheim OB-8, synthesizers, bass guitar, drums, LinnDrum, Linn LM-1, Dynacord ADD-One, Publison IM90 Infernal Machine
 * Morris Day – drums (2, 17), lead vocals (3, 11), co-lead vocals (9, 13)
 * Joseph "Amp" Fiddler – additional synthesizers and backing vocals (7)
 * Boni Boyer – Hammond organ (16), backing vocals (16)
 * Levi Seacer, Jr. – bass guitar (16), backing vocals (16)
 * Sheila E. – drums (16), backing vocals (16)
 * Candy Dulfer – saxophone (3, 9, 13)
 * Eric Leeds – saxophone (7)
 * Atlanta Bliss – trumpet (7)
 * Wendy Melvoin – electric guitar (7), backing vocals (7)
 * Lisa Coleman – synthesizers (7), backing vocals (7)
 * Tevin Campbell – lead vocals (6), backing vocals (16, 17)
 * George Clinton – co-lead vocals (7)
 * Elisa Fiorillo – co-lead vocals (9) (credited as Elisa)
 * Susannah Melvoin – backing vocals (8)
 * Mavis Staples – lead vocals (14), backing vocals (16, 17)
 * Rosie Gaines – backing vocals (2)
 * Robin Power – backing vocals (17)

 * New Power Generation – co-lead vocals (2), spoken word (2, 17), backing vocals (17)
 * Michael "Clip" Payne – additional drums and backing vocals (7)
 * David Coleman – oud (7), finger cymbals (7)
 * Jerome Benton – spoken word and crowd chatter (13), backing vocals (3, 9, 15)
 * Tom Garneau, Michael Koppelman – crowd chatter (13)
 * Jana Anderson – backing vocals (11)
 * T.C. Ellis – rap (17)
 * Gary Shider, Steve Boyd, William Payne, Belita Woods,Paul Hill, Tracey Lewis, Mike Harris, Pat Lewis, Sandra Dance – backing vocals (7)
 * Jevetta Steele, J.D. Steele, Fred Steele, Jearlyn Steele – backing vocals (14, 15)
 * Jill Jones, Jellybean Johnson, Jesse Johnson, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, Monte Moir – backing vocals (15)
 * Clare Fischer – orchestral arrangement (16)
 * Steven Parke – album artwork design
 * Harmonica on 12 played by Lester Chambers, sampled from "I Can't Stand It" (1967) by The Chambers Brothers.
 * Drums on 3 played by David Garibaldi, sampled from "Squib Cakes" (1974) by Tower of Power.
 * Michael Koppelman – engineer

Singles and Hot 100 chart placings

 * "Thieves in the Temple" maxi-single (#6 US, #1 US R&B, #7 UK)
 * 1) "Thieves in the Temple" (extended)
 * 2) "Thieves in the House"
 * 3) "Temple House dub"

 * "New Power Generation" maxi-single (#64 US, #27 US R&B, #26 UK)
 * 1) "New Power Generation" (funky weapon remix)
 * 2) "T.C.'s Rap"
 * 3) "Brother with a Purpose"
 * 4) "Get Off"
 * 5) "The Lubricated Lady"
 * 6) "Loveleft/Loveright"

 * "Round and Round" maxi-single (#12 US, #3 US R&B)
 * 1) "Round and Round" (Solu Mix Edit)
 * 2) "Round and Round" (The House Mix)
 * 3) "Goodbye" (Tevin's Dub – Part 1 & 2)
 * 4) "Goodbye" (Soiddub & Listen)

 * "Melody Cool" maxi-single (#36 US R&B)
 * 1) "Melody Cool" (Extended LP Mix)
 * 2) "Melody Cool" (Extended Remix)
 * 3) "Melody Cool" (Deep House Vocal)
 * 4) "Melody Cool" (Mellow Dub Mix)
 * 5) "Time Waits for No-one" (Edit)

 * "Shake!" maxi-single
 * 1) "Shake!" (Extended Mix) – 5:03
 * 2) "Shake!" (Battle Mix) – 4:06
 * 3) "Shake!" (Funky House Mix) – 8:20
 * 4) "The Latest Fashion" (Remix) – 6:20
 * 5) "Shake!" (Boom Mix) – 5:01
 * 6) "Shake!" – 4:00

title: Graffiti Bridge (album)


text:
Apac District

Apac District is a district in the Northern Region of Uganda. The Town of Apac hosts the district headquarters.

Location
Apac District is bordered by Oyam District to the north-east, Kole District to the north, Lira District to the north-east, Dokolo District to the east, Amolatar District to the south, Nakasongola District to the south-west, and Kiryandongo District to the west. The largest town in the district, Apac, is located approximately 62 km, by road, south-west of Lira, the largest city in the Lango sub-region. This location is about 230 km, by road, north of Kampala, the capital and largest city of Uganda.

Overview
Sub-counties Ngai, Iceme, Achaba, Minakulu, and Otwal were affected by the Lord's Resistance Army insurgency

In 2006, Apac District was split and part of it became Oyam District. In July 2010, it was further sub-divided to create Kole District.

Population
The 1991 national census estimated the district population at 162,200. The 2002 national census estimated the population at 249,700. The annual population growth rate in the district between 2002 and 2012 was 3.5 percent. It was estimated that the population in 2012 was 349,000.

Economic activities
Subsistence agriculture is the major economic activity in the district. An estimated 80 percent of the district's population is engaged in subsistence agriculture, although approximately 75 percent of the work is done by women. • Tobacco

• Cotton

• Simsim

• Maize

• Beans

• Sunflower

• Potatoes

• Cassava

• Groundnuts

Îimop Some fishing is practiced in the south of the district, particularly from Lake Kwania, a component of the Lake Kyoga aquatic system. Fish farming is taking root in the district as well.

title: Apac District


text:
Arua District

Arua District is a district in the Northern Region of Uganda. Like many Ugandan districts, it too shares its name with its administrative center of Arua. The name Arua is said to be derived from the Lugbara name for prison (Arujo) and prisoner (Aru), since the white settlers (Belgians and later British) had a detention center at Arua Hill.

Location
Arua District is bordered by Yumbe District to the north, Adjumani District to the northeast, Amuru District to the east, Nebbi District to the southeast, Zombo District to the southwest, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) to the west, and Maracha District to the northwest. The district headquarters at Arua are located about 425 km, by road, northwest of Kampala, the capital and largest city of Uganda. The coordinates of the district are:03 00N, 31 10E.

Ethnicities
The predominate ethnic group in the district are the Lugbara people

Overview
Arua District got its name from Arua town. In the late 1970s, the Ugandan president at the time Godfrey Binaisa declared that all districts/provinces acquire their names from their regional capital so that is how Arua district inherited the name from Arua town. The district originally included Aringa County, which was later split off to become Yumbe District.

The district is the birthplace of former President Idi Amin. Arua District was a springboard for some units of the Uganda People's Defense Force who entered the DRC at the beginning of the Second Congo War.

Arua District is a peaceful district save for the disruption caused in the late 1990s by the Lord's Resistance Army rebels on the Karuma-Pakwach road that provides the main road link into the district. In 2005, the northeastern part of the district was split off as the separate, new district of Koboko District.

Arua District has five counties after three of the original six counties were split off. Koboko was granted district status. Maracha was, in 2006, also granted district status, (Maracha District). Initially, Terego County was also included in Maracha District (Maracha-Terego District). However, failing to agree on were the new district headquarters should be located, Terego County opted to remain part of the larger Arua District. Later, Terego and Madi-Okollo were each offered district statuses effective July 2020. The remaining counties in Arua District are: Vurra and Ayivu; where the Arua District headquarters are located.

Population
The 1991 national census estimated the population of the district at about 368,200. In 2002, the national census gave a population estimate of 559,100, with an annual growth rate of 4 percent. In 2012, the population of Arua District was estimated at 776,700.

Economic activities
Located in a corner of the country that borders both South Sudan and the DRC, a significant amount of local economic activity is the result of cross-border trade. Agriculture is the backbone of Arua District's economy:

Food and cash crops

 * Groundnuts
 * Beans
 * Maize
 * Millet
 * Simsim
 * Mangoes
 * Avocado
 * Cassava
 * Matooke
 * Flowers
 * Tobacco

Domesticated livestock and other fauna

 * African goats
 * Boer goats
 * Hybrid goats
 * Broilers
 * Layers
 * Fish farming
 * Pigs
 * Bee keeping

Due to a high influx of refugees from South Sudan (estimated at 50,000 at one time), the natural environment in the district has been severely stressed, causing deforestation in some areas. The refugee population extensively engages in the growth of tobacco to raise cash for survival thus putting severe pressure on the land.

In 2008 and 2009, honey is steadily replacing tobacco as a leading income stream, with a ready international market. Piggery is also on the increase in the district. The district produces about 30 tons of fish from over 600 private fish farms and from the River Nile. The district has about 117,000 head of local Zebu cattle. However the district milk output remains low.

The biggest asset of the district is perhaps the continued prevalence of peace and security for the last 25 years and denunciation of rebellion which has attracted many developmental projects. Major achievements include infrastructural transformation such as the tarmacking of the Arua to Karuma Highway, the West Nile Rural Electrification Project and numerous telephone communication networks that have been established in the region. During 2013, the tarmacking of the Vurra-Arua-Koboko-Oraba Road began.

Languages

 * 1) English.
 * 2) Lugbara.
 * 3) Kiswahili.
 * 4) French.
 * 5) Arabic.
 * 6) And many more local dialects.

Secondary Schools
-

 * 1) Adumi Secondary School
 * 2) All Saints Secondary School Ociba
 * 3) Alliance Global College
 * 4) Anyafio Role Model SS
 * 5) Anyavu Secondary School
 * 6) Aria Secondary School
 * 7) Aripea Secondary School
 * 8) Arivu Secondary School
 * 9) Arua Academy
 * 10) Arua Hall
 * 11) Arua Islamic Secondary School
 * 12) Arua Progressive College
 * 13) Arua Public Secondary School
 * 14) Arua Secondary School
 * 15) Arua Town College Girls SS
 * 16) Arua Town Secondary School
 * 17) Bishop Angelo Tarantino Memorial SS
 * 18) Bondo Army Secondary School
 * 19) Cornerstone Secondary School, Arua
 * 20) Ediofe Girls Secondary School
 * 21) Ejome Secondary School
 * 22) Hillside Secondary School
 * 23) Hilston Prince And Princess SS
 * 24) Imvepi SS
 * 25) Jaden Memorial Secondary School
 * 26) Katrini Secondary School
 * 27) Latibo F Secondary School
 * 28) Logiri Girls Secondary School
 * 29) Mandela Comprehensive SS, Arua
 * 30) Manibe Public Secondary School
 * 31) Micu Secondary School
 * 32) Modern Secondary School Ocoko
 * 33) Mt Wati Secondary School
 * 34) Muni Girls Secondary School
 * 35) Mvara Secondary School
 * 36) Najah Muslim Secondary School
 * 37) Nile High School, Odianyadri
 * 38) Yole Polytechnic (secondary Section)
 * 39) The Pearl Secondary School Arua
 * 40) Ushindu Secondary School
 * 41) Oluko Secondary School
 * 42) Ombatini Secondary School
 * 43) Oriajini Secondary School
 * 44) Otumbari Secondary School
 * 45) Owaffa Secondary School
 * 46) Sartori Memorial High School Obi
 * 47) Joseph S College Ombaci
 * 48) Micheals Odromacaku
 * 49) Peters Ajia Secondary School
 * 50) Peters Secondary School Odupi
 * 51) augustine Secondary School, Kuluva
 * 52) thereza High School, Ocodri
 * 53) Standard College, Arua
 * 54) Peter & Paul Pokea Seminary
 * 55) Wandi Progressive Secondary School
 * 56) Wilifi Comprehensive Secondary School
 * 57) Vurra Secondary School

Primary schools

 * 1) Aanga Primary School
 * 2) Abia P7 School
 * 3) Abiki Primary School
 * 4) Abiki PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Ajia
 * 5) Abindi Parents Primary School
 * 6) Abira Parents Primary School
 * 7) Abiria Primary School
 * 8) Addu Primary School
 * 9) Adravu P School Arua Logiri
 * 10) Adravu P7 School
 * 11) Afeya Primary School
 * 12) Airfield Model School Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 13) Ajiraku Primary School
 * 14) Ajivu Primary School
 * 15) Ajono Primary School
 * 16) Akara Hill PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Logiri
 * 17) Akua Primary School
 * 18) Al- Hilal PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 19) Aliba Primary School
 * 20) Alio Primary School
 * 21) Alive PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 22) Al-Jaria PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 23) Alpha Primary School
 * 24) Alpha PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 25) Altus PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 26) Alua P7 School
 * 27) Ambeko P7 School
 * 28) Anava PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Arivu
 * 29) Angazi Primary School
 * 30) Anguru Parents PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Arivu
 * 31) Ania Primary School
 * 32) Anyafio Primary School
 * 33) Anyara Cope School
 * 34) Anyavu Primary School
 * 35) Anyavu PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Logiri
 * 36) Anzuu PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Vurra
 * 37) Archbishop Odama John PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 38) Aria Primary School
 * 39) Ariavu Primary School
 * 40) Aripea Primary School
 * 41) Aripezu Primary School
 * 42) Arivu Child Care PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Arivu
 * 43) Arivu Primary School
 * 44) Arivu PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Arivu
 * 45) Ariwa Primary School
 * 46) Aroi Primary School
 * 47) Arua Demo School
 * 48) Arua Hill Primary School
 * 49) Arua Integrated PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 50) Arua International School Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 51) Arua Islamic Institute
 * 52) Arua Monessori Primary School
 * 53) Arua Parents Primary School
 * 54) Arua Primary School
 * 55) Arua Prisons Primary School
 * 56) Arua Public Primary School
 * 57) Arua Victorious PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 58) Asuru Primary School
 * 59) Ave Primary School
 * 60) Ave PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Vurra
 * 61) Awaliyo Primary School
 * 62) Awika Primary School
 * 63) Awindiri Primary School
 * 64) Ayaa Primary School
 * 65) Ayayia Primary School
 * 66) Ayayia PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Ajia
 * 67) Ayelembe Primary School
 * 68) Ayiova Primary School
 * 69) Ayiova PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Vurra
 * 70) Baman PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 71) Bayan Primary School
 * 72) Bayan PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 73) Belia Primary School
 * 74) Bendulu P School Arua Logiri
 * 75) Bendulu P7 School
 * 76) Bibia Primary School
 * 77) Bidi Primary School
 * 78) Bilal Junior School Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 79) Binze Primary School
 * 80) Blessed Comboni Primary School
 * 81) Blessed Comboni PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Logiri
 * 82) Bondo Primary School
 * 83) Bongova Primary School
 * 84) Bradford Junior
 * 85) Bradford Junior Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 86) Bridge International Academy Adalaf Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 87) Bright Academy
 * 88) Bright Academy Giligili PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 89) Bright Angels PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 90) Bright Destiny PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 91) Bright Horizon Primary School
 * 92) Bright Junior PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 93) Bright Primary School
 * 94) Bright PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 95) Bright View Primary School
 * 96) Brilliant Model PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 97) Budrabe P7 School
 * 98) Burua Primary School
 * 99) Chakai Primary School
 * 100) Charles Lwanga Primary School
 * 101) Chiaba Cope Primary School
 * 102) Chiaba P7 School
 * 103) Children Of Hope PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 104) Christ The King Primary School
 * 105) Christ The King PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 106) Cilio Primary School
 * 107) Cinya Primary School
 * 108) City Star PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 109) Cornerstone Primary School
 * 110) Dadawu Parents PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Ajia
 * 111) Daniel Preparatory
 * 112) Driciri Primary School
 * 113) Dubai View PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Ajia
 * 114) Ebenezar PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 115) Ebenezar PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 116) Ebenezer Primary School
 * 117) Ebenezer PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 118) Eceko Primary School
 * 119) Eden Glorious PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Vurra
 * 120) Ediofe Boys’ P7 School
 * 121) Ediofe Girls P7 School
 * 122) Ejirikombeni Primary School
 * 123) Ejirikombeni PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Logiri
 * 124) Ejome Primary School
 * 125) Ekarakafe Primary School
 * 126) Eku Primary School
 * 127) El- Shadai PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 128) Elefe Primary School
 * 129) Eleku Primary School
 * 130) Endreku Primary School
 * 131) Endru Primary School
 * 132) Enzeva Primary School
 * 133) Erewa Primary School
 * 134) Eruba PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Vurra
 * 135) Esther PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 136) Etori Kindergarten PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 137) Etori Primary School
 * 138) Etswaám PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 139) Ewadri Primary School
 * 140) Ewava Primary School
 * 141) Ezuku P7 School
 * 142) Fauz PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 143) Fee P7 School
 * 144) Firm Foundation PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Vurra
 * 145) Freedom PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Logiri
 * 146) Future Foundation School Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 147) Generation PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 148) Gila Islamic PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 149) Giligili Primary School
 * 150) God`S Will PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 151) God's Grace PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 152) Golden Child Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 153) Golden Treasure Primary School
 * 154) Green Land PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 155) Green World PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 156) Greenland PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 157) Happy Day Primary School
 * 158) High Scope Primary School
 * 159) High Scope PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 160) Highway Junior Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 161) Hillside Primary School
 * 162) Hilstone PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 163) Hirai Islamic Primary School
 * 164) Homing Dove Inter Primary School
 * 165) Hope Kebir Primary School
 * 166) Hope Kebir PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 167) Hope PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 168) Hopeway International PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 169) Ibia Primary School
 * 170) Ibn Aba Primary School
 * 171) Ibn Abas PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 172) Ikhla Islamic Centre
 * 173) Ikhla Islamic Centre Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 174) Illi Primary School
 * 175) Imam Muslim Primary School
 * 176) Imam Muslim PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 177) Imvepi Primary School
 * 178) Intensive Care Primary School
 * 179) Inyau P7 School
 * 180) Ipa Primary School
 * 181) Isaac Foundation PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Logiri
 * 182) Jiako Primary School
 * 183) Jildo Primary School
 * 184) Jude Golden Stars’ Primary School
 * 185) Kaigo Primary School
 * 186) Katrini Primary School
 * 187) Kayia Primary School
 * 188) Kayia PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Ajia
 * 189) Ketekele P School Arua Logiri
 * 190) Ketekele P7 School
 * 191) Kijoro – Odrua Primary School
 * 192) King Jesus PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 193) Kings Primary School
 * 194) Kiridoaku Primary School
 * 195) Kizito Adiofe Orphanage School
 * 196) Kova Primary School
 * 197) Kubo Primary School
 * 198) Kuluva Hosp Primary School
 * 199) Kuluva Hospital PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Vurra
 * 200) Landon Junior PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 201) Lazebu Primary School
 * 202) Lebu Luzira Primary School
 * 203) Lenua Community Primary School
 * 204) Leo Education Centre
 * 205) Liberty Academy Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 206) Lindoa Primary School
 * 207) Lini Primary School
 * 208) Liria Primary School
 * 209) Lolia Community PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 210) Longamere Primary School
 * 211) Lufe Cope Centre Primary School
 * 212) Lugbari Primary School
 * 213) Luvu Primary School
 * 214) Mary's Primary School Nyiovura
 * 215) Mbaro Primary School
 * 216) Mbaro PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Logiri
 * 217) Merry Land Junior Academy Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 218) Micu Primary School
 * 219) Mingoro Primary School
 * 220) Mofame Mother Goose Primary School
 * 221) Mofame Arua Logiri
 * 222) Mother Goose PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Vurra
 * 223) Mother Mary Junior PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 224) Mother Tina Education Centre Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 225) Muni Primary School
 * 226) Mutte Primary School
 * 227) Mvara Corner Curve
 * 228) Mvara Junior Primary School
 * 229) Mvara Primary School
 * 230) Mvara PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 231) Mwara Corner Curve PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 232) Najah Islamic Primary School
 * 233) Ndirea Primary School
 * 234) Ngaziku Primary School
 * 235) Nile Demonstration Primary School
 * 236) Niva Primary School
 * 237) Noah Ark Int School Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 238) Nyio Primary School
 * 239) Nyirivu Primary School
 * 240) Oasis PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 241) Obaru Primary School
 * 242) Obaru PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Ajia
 * 243) Obayia Primary School
 * 244) Obi Primary School
 * 245) Obiyu Primary School
 * 246) Ocea Primary School
 * 247) Oci Primary School
 * 248) Ociba Hill PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 249) Ociba Islamic P7 School
 * 250) Ociba P7 School
 * 251) Ocoko Primary School
 * 252) Odobu Primary School
 * 253) Odravu Cope Centre
 * 254) Odruva Primary School
 * 255) Oduluba P7 School
 * 256) Odupi Primary School
 * 257) Oje Primary School
 * 258) Ojipaku Primary School
 * 259) Ojuku Hill Primary School
 * 260) Okavu PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Logiri
 * 261) Okazara Primary School
 * 262) Okpova Primary School
 * 263) Okpova PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Arivu
 * 264) Olaka PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Logiri
 * 265) Oleni Primary School
 * 266) Oli Primary School
 * 267) Oliba P School Arua Logiri
 * 268) Oliba P7 School
 * 269) Olua Cope
 * 270) Olua Green Hill Primary School
 * 271) Olua Primary School
 * 272) Ombaci Primary School
 * 273) Ombaci Satellite Primary School
 * 274) Ombaderuku Primary School
 * 275) Ombatini P7 School
 * 276) Ombokoro Primary School
 * 277) Omiro Parents Primary School
 * 278) Omiro Parents PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Logiri
 * 279) Omugo Primary School
 * 280) Onai Primary School
 * 281) Onduparaka Primary School
 * 282) Oninia P7 School
 * 283) Onzivu P7
 * 284) Onzua Primary School
 * 285) Opia Primary School
 * 286) Oprah Jayden PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 287) Orawa Primary School
 * 288) Oreku Primary School
 * 289) Oriajini P7 School
 * 290) Oriama Community Primary School
 * 291) Orozo PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Logiri
 * 292) Orube PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 293) Orukurua Hill Primary School
 * 294) Osio Primary School
 * 295) Otumbari Primary School
 * 296) Ovisoni Hill PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Vurra
 * 297) Owaffa Primary School
 * 298) Owayi Primary School
 * 299) Oyoo Primary School
 * 300) Oyoo PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Vurra
 * 301) Oyoze Primary School
 * 302) Ozu Primary School
 * 303) Pajuru Primary School
 * 304) Pajuru PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Vurra
 * 305) Palm Tree Academy
 * 306) Perea Primary School
 * 307) Peters Primary School
 * 308) Philips Primary School
 * 309) Piffer Italo Foundation Primary
 * 310) Pokea Primary School
 * 311) Queens & Kings Primary School
 * 312) Ragem Junior Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 313) Ragem Primary School
 * 314) Riki Primary School
 * 315) Ringili Primary School
 * 316) Rock Foundation PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 317) Royal Primary School
 * 318) Royal PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 319) Ruva P7 Primary School
 * 320) Sir Andrews Primary School
 * 321) Sirip Primary School
 * 322) Smart Primary School
 * 323) Soa Primary School Springs Primary School
 * 324) Soa PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 325) St Charles Lwanga PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 326) St Gregory Narrow Gate PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 327) St Jildo PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 328) St John Bongova PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Ajia
 * 329) St John's PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 330) St Jude Golden Stars PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 331) St Juliana PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 332) St Kizito PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Arivu
 * 333) St Leo Education Centre Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 334) St Mary's PRIMARY SCHOOL Nyiovura Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 335) St Marys PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Vurra
 * 336) St Peter's Happiness PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 337) St Peters PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 338) Star Primary School
 * 339) Star PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 340) Steiner Primary School
 * 341) Supiri P7 School Swalihin Primary School
 * 342) Tawakal PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 343) Tere Hill Community Primary School
 * 344) Tere Hill Community PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Ajia
 * 345) The Rising Star Primary School
 * 346) The Rising Star PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 347) Tilevu Primary School
 * 348) Torit P7 School
 * 349) Trinity Junior Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 350) Tropical Junior School Arua City Arua Central Division
 * 351) Trust Education Services Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 352) Tuku Primary School
 * 353) Tumvea Primary School
 * 354) Uguvu Primary School
 * 355) Urugbo Primary School
 * 356) Ushindi Primary School
 * 357) Venturei Primary School
 * 358) Venturi Child Dev’t Parents School Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 359) Venturi PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua City Ayivu Division
 * 360) Victoria New Vision PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Logiri
 * 361) Victorious Junior School -Arua Arua Vurra
 * 362) Vurra Comm Prog PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Vurra
 * 363) Vurra Cope Centre Primary School
 * 364) Waffe Primary School
 * 365) Wandi P7 School
 * 366) Wandi Progressive Pt School
 * 367) Wanguru Hill Primary School
 * 368) Wani Roel PRIMARY SCHOOL Arua Vurra
 * 369) Wati Primary School
 * 370) Yacha Community Primary School
 * 371) Yelulu Primary School
 * 372) Yetemaye Primary School
 * 373) Yiddu Primary School
 * 374) Yole Primary School
 * 375) Yoro Primary School
 * 376) -Ombachi primary school
 * 377) Esther generation Primary Schools

Radio station in Arua district

 * 1) 88.7 Arua One FM. FM 88.7. Arua, Uganda.
 * 2) Radio Pacis. FM 94.5. Arua, Uganda.
 * 3) Voice Of Life FM 100.9. FM 100.9. Arua, Uganda.
 * 4) Radio Pacis 90.9. FM 90.9. Arua, Uganda.
 * 5) Access 96.3FM. FM 96.3. Arua, Uganda.

title: Arua District


text:
Kotido District

Kotido District is a district in Northern Uganda. It is named after its 'chief town', Kotido, where the district headquarters are located.

Location
Kotido District is bordered by Kaabong District to the north, Moroto District to the east, Napak District to the south and Abim District to the west. Agago District and Kitgum District lie to the northwest of Kotido District. The district headquarters at the town of Kotido is approximately 100 km northwest of Moroto, the largest town in the sub-region. This location lies approximately 430 km, by road, northeast of Kampala, the capital of Uganda and the largest city in that country. The coordinates of the district are:03 31N, 34 07E.

Overview
The district is part of the Karamoja sub-region, home to an estimated 1.2 million Karimojong, according to the 2002 national census. The sub-region consists of the following districts: (a) Abim District (b) Amudat District (c) Kaabong District (d) Kotido District (e) Moroto District (f) Nakapiripirit District (g) Napak District (h) Lusot District (i) Karenga District (j) Nabilatuk District

Population
In 1991, the national population census estimated the district population at about 62,340. The national census in 2002 estimated the population of the district at about 129,100. The annual population growth rate in Kotido District, between 2002 and 2012, has been calculated at 6.39%. It is estimated that in 2012, the population of Kotido District was approximately 236,900.

Economic activities
Nomadic pastoralism is the main economic activity in the district.

In some areas, peasant agriculture is practiced. The crops grown include the following: • Sorghum

• Maize

• Millet

• Peas

• Beans

• Sunflower

• Groundnuts

• Sweet potatoes

title: Kotido District


text:
Lira District

Lira District is a district in Northern Uganda. Like many other Ugandan districts, it is named after its 'chief town', Lira.

Location
Lira District is bordered by Pader District to the north, Otuke District to the northeast, Alebtong District to the east, Dokolo District to the southeast, Apac District to the southwest and Kole District to the west. The main municipal, administrative and commercial center in the district, Lira, is located 110 km, by road, southeast of Gulu, the largest city in Northern Uganda. The coordinates of the district are: 2° 16' 26" N / 32° 57' 11" E.

Overview
Until 2005, the district comprised six counties; Erute, Dokolo, Kyoga, Otuke, Moroto and Lira Municipality. These were further subdivided into 28 sub-counties. Of the 28 sub-counties, four are Municipal Divisions. There are a total of 192 parishes with 2,247 villages. With Dokolo becoming a district in 2005, Alebtong and Otuke in 2010, Lira District now consists of three counties: Erute North County, Erute South County and Lira Municipality.

Conflict and displacement
Long untouched by the Lord's Resistance Army insurgency that ravaged Kitgum and Pader Districts to the north, the increased violence of 2002 resulted in massive population displacement within the district of Lira. However, as of June 2009, the security situation in the district was relatively peaceful. In 2006 and 2007, Lira District experienced a massive return of Internally Displaced Persons. Over 310,000 of the estimated 350,000 left camps to return to their home villages in a period of 14 months.

Lango sub-region
Lira District is part of Lango sub-region, which consists of the following districts: Alebtong, Amolatar, Apac, Dokolo, Lira, Kole, Otuke and Oyam. The sub-region is coterminous with the now defunct Lango District. Lango sub-region was home to an estimated 2.5 million Langi in 2023, according to the national census conducted at that time.

Population
The 1991 census estimated the population in the district at about 191,500. The 2002 national census put the district population at about 290,600, with an annual population growth rate of 3.4%. In 2012, the population of Lira District was estimated at 403,100. The majority of the population are ethnic Lango and the predominant language spoken is Lango.

Economic activity
Lira District has a diversified economy including:

 * 1) Grain Milling
 * 2) Wholesale and retail sales
 * 3) Leisure industry
 * 4) Brick making
 * 5) Pottery
 * 6) Roof tile making
 * 7) Carpentry
 * 8) Logging
 * 9) Construction
 * 10) Fishing
 * 11) Embroidery
 * 12) Crop processing & marketing
 * 13) Metal repairs & fabrication
 * 14) Printing services
 * 15) Bookshop business
 * 16) Boda-boda business
 * 17) Pharmaceutical sales

title: Lira District


text:
Moroto District

Moroto District is a district in the Northern Region of Uganda. The town of Moroto is the site of the district headquarters.

Location
Moroto District is bordered by Kaabong District to the north, Kenya to the east, Amudat District to the south, Nakapiripirit District to the southwest, Napak District to the west, and Kotido District to the northwest. Moroto Town, where the district headquarters, is at the foot of Mt. Moroto. The town of Moroto is 213 km, by road, northeast of Mbale, the nearest large city. It lies about 434 km northeast of Kampala, the capital and largest city of Uganda.

Overview
Moroto District is part of the larger Karamoja sub-region. Moroto District is "characterized by rocky mountainous landscape with moderately low rainfall".

It is composed of three counties: Bokora County, Matheniko County, and Moroto Municipality. It is inhabited by the Karimojong, a distinctive ethnic group that highly cherishes its traditions.

The district is a hub of mineral resources that are yet to be optimally exploited. There are over fifty different minerals and precious stones in the Karamoja region. Of these, Moroto has gold, silver, copper, iron, titanium, manganese, niobium, tantalite, and chrome. Other proven minerals include marble, mica, garnets, limestone, and asbestos.

Population
In 1991, the national census enumerated the district population at 59,149. The 2002 national census enumerated the population at 77,243. In August 2014, the national census and household survey enumerated the population at 103,432.

title: Moroto District


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York Federation of Students

York Federation of Students (YFS) is a student union that represents approximately 55,000 students at York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The York Federation of Students is a member of the Canadian Federation of Students (Local 68).

History
The student government was founded in 1968 as the York Student Council. Around 1975, the student government had become the Council of York Student Federations. By the early 1990s the name changed to York Federation of Students by their president at the time, Jian Ghomeshi (later a CBC Radio host).

About
The YFS is a dues paying student union representing over 53,000 full and part-time undergrad students at the York University.

The stated purpose of the YFS is to bring together the elected representatives of all the college governments on campus. The YFS also has appointed members of campus organizations into a single body. The YFS provides services such as a health plan and TTC post-secondary IDs. Unlike other student governments, it does not own or operate any campus pub, however, it does have a controlling stake on the Board of Directors for the Student Centre. Many campus organizations and clubs are recognized under the YFS.

Administration
The student government is administered by five full-time paid undergraduate executives, along with several full and part-time staff members. Other part-time staff are mostly made up of undergraduate students.

On multiple levels, the YFS is controlled by student volunteers and paid employees. The Day-to-day operations are overseen by the elected Executive, who also run the various campaigns and provide advocacy for all undergrads and are assisted by the full-time long-term staff.

The elected and appointed Board of Directors holds open meetings almost every other week each school year. The general membership (all York Students) meets to ratify the decisions of the Board of Directors as well as provide ground level participation to the operation of the YFS.

Elections
Elections are held every February to select the next years Executive and Board. Along with this, all the part-time positions are re-staffed annually. Volunteers also assist the YFS with campaigns and referendums on issues like the rising cost of tuition, the environment and globalization.

Board of Directors (Councillors)
YFS Board of Directors meet regularly. Only members of the Board of Directors hold voting rights.

All votes for the YFS Board of Directors are held by the Executive, and 17 college and faculty seats (College Councillors).

Services
The YFS offers a wide selection of services and advocacy programming.

 * Cell Phone Deals
 * Free ISIC
 * Free Studentsaver
 * Free Essay Printing Service
 * Photocopy and Fax Service
 * Home4Students
 * TTC Post-Secondary ID
 * Work Abroad Program
 * Discount Auto Insurance
 * Student Minutes
 * U-File
 * Student Advocacy Services
 * Food Bank

Health Plan
All undergraduate students at York University (with the exception of Atkinson & Osgoode Hall students) participate in a health plan (YFS). 65.5% of voting Glendon College students voted to join the health plan during their 2006 Spring Elections (Elections York). Glendon College was a previous non-participant in the plan. Students with alternative extended health coverage are permitted to opt out of the plan.

Clubs
There are over 250 accredited clubs by the YFS. The wide variety of clubs range from cultural, religious, political, and social. For a list of clubs, check the Club List.

Controversies
In October 2023, YFS put out a statement regarding the 2023 Israel-Hamas war that was perceived as controversial, particularly for suggesting that Palestinian "resistance", as well as "resistance" towards Canada, was "justified and necessary". After not complying with York University's request to retract or clarify the statement, York stated that the statement was "widely interpreted as a justification for attacking civilians and a call to violence" and that remedial actions would need to be taken or their certification might be withdrawn.

title: York Federation of Students