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Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W210)

The Mercedes-Benz W210 is the internal designation for a range of executive cars manufactured by Mercedes-Benz and marketed under the E-Class model name in both sedan/saloon (1995–2002) and station wagon/estate (1996–2003) configurations. W210 development started in 1988, three years after the W124's introduction.

The W210 was designed by Steve Mattin under design chief Bruno Sacco between 1988 and 1991, later being previewed on the 1993 Coupé Concept shown at the Geneva Auto Show in March 1993. The W210 was the first Mercedes-Benz production car featuring Xenon headlamps (including dynamic headlamp range control, only low beam).

Design patent and facelift
Design patents for both the Coupé Concept and the W210 E-Class were filed on 25 February 1993 in Germany and 25 August 1993 in the US. On 21 July 1998, design patents were filed on an updated W210 (designed in 1997).

For model year 2000, a multi-function information system was incorporated into the instrument cluster below the speedometer, and the introduction of steering wheel controls for the audio/navigation/phone system. In addition, the 5-speed automatic transmission introduced +/- gate positions for semi-manual control of the gearbox, marketed as "Touch Shift." This electronic system replaced the previous gated shift arrangement. Exterior changes included a revised front with a steeper rake, similar to the CLK, and restyled bumpers and lower body trim. Sedans received new taillights, and the wagon's tailgate was revised, moving the CHMSL from the base of the rear window to directly above it. The final W210 production included the E 320 and E 430 special editions released in two exterior colors - quartz silver (limited edition), obsidian black, and with Xenon lights, 17-inch alloy wheels and black maple walnut trim. Estate cars (sedans optionally) had Citroën-like self-leveling rear suspension with suspension struts rather than shock absorbers, gas-filled suspension spheres to provide damping and an under bonnet pressurizing pump. Unlike the traditional Citroën application Mercedes opted for a fixed ride height and employed rear coil springs to maintain the static ride height when parked.

Engines
This was the first time a V6 engine was offered (model year 1998) to replace the straight-six configuration (1995–1997). This new Mercedes-Benz M112 engine produced 165 kW and 315 Nm of torque and offered a 0–60 mph of 6.9 seconds. Other offerings were the E 420 (1997), E 430 (1998–2002), and E 55 AMG (1999–2002) with 260 kW and a 5.4 L naturally aspirated engine. In North America, the range also features two diesels, including both non-turbocharged (1996–1997) and turbocharged (1998–1999) 3.0 litre straight-six units, that were internally designated as OM606.

In 1999, Mercedes-Benz discontinued diesel powerplants in the E-class in North America. In Europe, the diesel engines were superseded by more advanced Common Rail (CDI) units (2000–2002). The CDI engines were not offered in North America until the E 320 CDI in the newer W211 model. 1Electronically limited

2Sold only in Greece, Italy, Portugal, Turkey, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia and Hungary

3Power is rated at 120 kW for the Belgian market for vehicles built between 08/1997-05/2000

4Sold only in Portugal

5A 55 kW version with biodiesel-compatibility is available for fleet sales

6Power is rated at 100 kW for the Belgian market for vehicles built between 07/1999-03/2002

7Sold only in Italy

8Torque is rated at 400 Nm between 1,800-2,600 rpm for vehicles with automatic transmission

Transmissions
The W210 E-Class carried over the 4-speed 722.4 and 722.3 automatic transmissions along with the optional 722.5 5-speed automatic, all from the previous generation W124 E-Class. For the 1997 model year, Mercedes-Benz installed an electronically controlled, new-generation automatic gearbox (NAG): the 722.6 5-speed automatic transmission to replace the previous transmissions.

A five-speed manual was also available, although after the facelift for the 2000 model year, it was replaced by a six-speed manual. The 5-speed transmission was marketed as "sealed for life"; however, Mercedes-Benz dealers now recommend changing the fluid at regular intervals.

Wheels
The W210 chassis originally came with one of the following OEM wheel setups: ET is the German abbreviation for Einpresstiefe or offset, where the number is in mm and indicates the amount of offset. This ETxx is stamped on the inside of OEM rims for easy reference.
 * E 200/E 220 CDI/E 230/E 240 (pre-facelift)/E 300 diesel: 15 x 6.5" ET37
 * E 200 Kompressor/E 240/E 280/E 320/E 420: 16 x 7.5" ET41
 * E 430: 16 x 7.5" ET41 (before 2000); 17 x 7.5" ET41 (after 2000)
 * Sport Package: 17 x 8" ET37
 * Special Edition: 17 x 8" ET35
 * E 55 AMG: 18 x 8" ET31 front, 18 x 9" ET35 rear.

The bolt pattern is 5x112 (12 mm x 1.5 lugs), with an offset range of 30–40 mm, a wheel size range of 16"x6.0" to 20"x8.5". This is the same bolt pattern as most Mercedes, including the previous E-Class (W124). The newer Mercedes, including the 2003 (W211) to the present E-Class (W213), have 14 mm ball seats, making the wheels interchangeable only with the use of aftermarket lugs that combine a 14 mm ball seat (also known as "R14", the "R" meaning radius) with a 12 mm thread.

AMG versions
There were four engines that AMG installed in the W210. The first was the E 36, M104.995, launched in 1996 for select markets then the M119.980 in the E 50 AMG produced from early 1996 until late 1997. This model was assembled in Affalterbach under the one man one engine philosophy, only available in left hand drive European markets although many were exported to Japan from new. It is estimated around 2,800 E 50's were ever produced in its limited production run. There was also an option for the M119.980 V8 that was bored out to 6.0L and increased power to 381 PS the cars these were fitted to were designated as the E 60 and came in sedan and wagon varieties. A limited edition 6.3L version, also badged E 60 AMG were built in 1996 generating 405 PS and 454 ft.lbf of torque. In 1998 came the M113 powered E 55 which used a 5.4L V8 SOHC 24V to produce 354 PS and 391 ft.lbf of torque.

The body styling on all of the W210 AMG models was the same until 2000 when a facelift and interior upgrades were implemented. The W210 E 55 was the last vehicle for which a major portion of production took place at AMG in Affalterbach. Production was actually split between Affalterbach and the Bremen Mercedes-Benz facility until the end of 2001.

E 36 AMG
The rarest of the W210 AMG models due to low productions numbers is the European-spec E 36. Based on the E 280, it was only produced in 1996 and 1997 and was not available in the US market. In Australia, they cost upwards of AUD $185,000 (new) and there were only 49 units sold. While rare, they are nowhere near as powerful as the V8-engined AMG cars.

Production Figures: <400 (production models).

Performance
 * 0–100 km/h: 6.7 seconds (AMG figure)
 * Top speed: 250 km/h (Electronically limited)

The E 36 looks identical to the E 55 (pre-facelift).

E 50 AMG
The European-spec E 50 was only produced in 1996–1997. The E 50 was not available on the US market. This model is becoming very desirable for collectors due to its rarity.

Production Figures: ~2,870 (production models).
 * Chassis 210.072
 * Motor M 119.985
 * Transmission 722.6xx

Engine (Same engine used in the S500/C, SL500, with tuned exhaust and cylinder head)
 * 90° V8, high-pressure die-cast alloy block, alloy heads
 * Displacement 5.0 L (6.0)
 * Bore 3.72 in
 * Stroke 3.51 in
 * Compression ratio: 11.2:1 (same)
 * Output 342 hp at 5550 rpm
 * Torque 355 ft.lbf at 3200 - 4400 rpm
 * Valve Gear double roller chain-driven DOHC, 4 valves per cylinder.
 * Redline 6000 rpm Distributor-less computer controlled ignition. Electronic Fuel Injection (Bosch LH Jetronic)

Transmission
 * 5 and 6 speed (optional) auto 722.609 (same as C43, E 55, SL/S 600/c)
 * Final drive ratio 3.06
 * 1st gear 3.59
 * 2nd gear 2.19
 * 3rd gear 1.41
 * 4th gear 1.00
 * 5th gear 0.83
 * Reverse gear R1 3.16
 * Reverse gear R2 1.90 (Winter mode)

Performance
 * 0–100 km/h: 6.2 seconds (AMG figure)
 * 0–100 km/h: 5.8 seconds (Auto Motor und Sport 9/96)
 * Top speed: 270 km/h (Drag limited)

The 1998 and 1999 E 55 are identical to the E 50 (pre-facelift).

1998 E 55 AMG
The W210 E 55 was produced for 5 years 1998 through 2002 with a facelift in 2000. Production figures. ~12,000 accounted for (production models). 3000 per year. 500 per year imported into North America.
 * Chassis: 210.074
 * Motor: M 113.980
 * Transmission: 722.622, or in some cases known to be 722.636.

Engine
 * 90 degree V-8, high-pressure die-cast alloy block, alloy heads
 * Displacement 5.4 L
 * Bore 3.82 in
 * Stroke 3.62 in
 * Compression ratio 10.5:1
 * Output 349 hp at 5550 rpm
 * Torque 391 ft.lbf at 3150 - 4500 rpm
 * Valve Gear chain-driven SOHC, 3 valves per cylinder.
 * Redline 6,000 rpm

Transmission
 * 5 speed auto 722.6 (same as W203 C55, E 55, SL/S 600/c)
 * Final drive ratio 2.82
 * 1st gear 3.59
 * 2nd gear 2.19
 * 3rd gear 1.41
 * 4th gear 1.00
 * 5th gear 0.83
 * Reverse gear R1 3.16
 * Reverse gear R2 1.90 (Winter mode)

Performance
 * 0-100 km/h: 5.4 seconds AMG figure (1999)
 * Station Wagon (T-modell): 5.7 seconds
 * 0-100 km/h: 5.3 seconds (Auto Motor und Sport 7/98)
 * Top speed: 250 km/h Electronically limited.

2001 E 55 AMG
The 2001 model year E 55 was a rare version of the W210 E 55 AMG, of which only 653 units were produced in 2001. It has a 5.5-liter V8 that produces 354 hp and 391 lbft of torque. Various road tests revealed ranges of 0–60 mph times in 4.8-5.3 seconds and quarter-mile times in 13.3–13.5 seconds at around 105-107 mph.

Common items were AMG exclusive "Condor" leather, black birdseye maple interior wood trim, AMG monoblock staggered 18-inch wheels and tires, AMG sport suspension, AMG brakes, AMG/Avantgarde front and rear body aprons with "dynamic" side skirts, AMG body shell modification, HID xenon headlights, Avantgarde fog lamps, heated multicontour AMG sport seats with power and memory, multifunction computer, automatic climate control system, Bose premium sound system, power tilt and telescoping leather-covered AMG multifunction sport steering wheel, power glass sunroof, power rear sun shade, and blue glass. Most of these items were standard in North America.

E 50, E 60 and E 55 AMG - common technical specifications

Suspension After model year 2000 Bilstein gas shock absorbers and progressive-rate springs were added with larger, solid stabilizer bars.
 * Front Independent double wishbone with coil springs, gas-pressurized shock absorbers and stabilizer bar.
 * Rear 5-arm multilink with coil springs, gas-pressurized shock absorbers and stabilizer bar.

Brakes Hydraulic dual-circuit braking system with vacuum servo unit, disk brakes, internally ventilated, two piece front "floating" rotors and 2-piston front floating calipers.

Steering
 * Type Rack-and-pinion with speed-sensitive power assist and integrated hydraulic damper.
 * turns lock-to-lock 3.20
 * turning circle curb-to-curb 37.2 ft

Wheels and tires (tyres)
 * Wheel Size (front) 8.0J x 18 in
 * Wheel Size (rear) 9.0J x 18 in
 * Wheel Type Aluminum Alloy AMG II Monoblock
 * Tires 235/40ZR18 front, 265/35ZR18 rear

Dimensions and weight
 * Wheelbase 111.5 in/2,833 mm
 * Front track 61.4 in/1,560 mm
 * Rear Track 60.8 in/1,543 mm
 * Length 189.4 in/4,810 mm
 * Width 70.8 in/1,799 mm
 * Height 56.9 in/1,445 mm
 * Curb Weight 3,768 lb/1,715 kg
 * Coefficient of drag: 0.29 Cd
 * Power-to-weight ratio: 0.09

Options available

Power adjustable front seats, power tilt & telescoping leather-covered AMG sport steering wheel, leather upholstery, leather shift knob, 5 speed automatic transmission, Brake Assist System (BAS), Electronic Stability System (ESP), automatic climate control with charcoal filter, heated front seats, heated rear seats (European models), front and side airbags, power windows, metallic paint, xenon HID headlamps. Most of the options were standard in North America. Rare options were parktronic (sonar parking sensors on front and rear bumpers), COMAND navigation 2000-2002 (CD based map) with integrated single CD player AM/FM/Weather band in dash radio with steering mounted controls, remote trunk mounted 6 disk CD player, Mercedes Tele-Aid satellite/cellular communication (2000-2002) cooled/heated vented seats, voice control radio/navigation and built in cellular telephone. E55 Wagon (Estate) not offered to North American market.

GUARD versions
The W210 was the first E-Class available with factory armoring, these cars were known as GUARD versions and were available with 2 different levels of armored protection, B4 or B6.

The E 320 and E 430 were offered with B4 armoring and the E 430 and E 420 with B6.

Features of Guard include:

- ISOCLIMA bullet proof glass.

- no sunroof

- driver's glass with partial opening, all other windows are fixed

- Full reinforced structure and suspension to hold extra weight

- SLS (self leveling rear suspension)

- Microphone with external speaker (optional)

- Users manual includes a Special Protected Vehicles B4/B6 booklet.

- Datacard codes for GUARD lists 979 - Safety Version added with Z04 - B4 Reinforcement on Special Protection Version or Z06 - B6 Reinforcement on Special Protection Version.

4MATIC all-wheel drive option
In 1997, Mercedes-Benz reintroduced the 4MATIC all-wheel drive system in the US on the W210, although it was previously available in some European territories. Although this 4Matic system shares its name with the 90's 4MATIC system of the W124 300E, the system was totally redesigned and simplified. Rather than using the clutches and couplings of the earlier design, Mercedes opted to use three open differentials: front, center, and rear. The front suspension design of the 4MATIC-equipped models is different from the rear wheel drive models and makes some replacement parts (such as shock absorbers) more expensive.

The E 55 AMG was available on request with 4MATIC option, based on the driveline of the E 430.

Reliability concerns
Some known problems include the front spring perch being corroded and tearing away from the inner fender (wing), causing the front suspension to collapse. (4Matic models are not believed to be affected.) Other problems include defective harmonic balancer pulleys (recall), rust on trunk lid near latch, rust on Mercedes emblem on front hood, rust on door frames under window seals (recall), rust on front wings just above bumper, defective mass airflow meter, melted rear light bulb sockets, defective blower motor regulators, and rear window regulator failures.

Harmonic Balancer - Some M112 and M113 engines used in W210 models were equipped with a harmonic balancer pulley which, due to a supplier quality problem, may fail and cause engine damage. If the rubber insert of the harmonic balancer pulley delaminates, the pulley may grind through the timing chain cover and oil pan, causing several thousand dollars of damage. Mercedes-Benz USA issued Service Campaign #2005-020003 which included inspection of the part and replacement if necessary at no cost. The part number on the harmonic balancer pulley can be compared to those given to Mercedes-Benz dealers in the Service Campaign notice to determine if the part is a faulty original or has been replaced with the updated part. Replacement of the faulty part with the updated part should be a permanent solution to this problem.

Blower Motor Regulator - If this part fails, the climate control fan will not operate faster than approximately 50% power. Mercedes updated the regulator to improve its reliability, but the redesigned regulator requires the installation of a new blower motor. The old-style regulator, which is compatible with the existing blower motor, is no longer manufactured. The blower motor regulator may be replaced with the much less expensive W140 S-class blower regulator, provided that the E-class wiring harness is re-attached to the S-class regulator.

Front Sway Bar Drop Links - While not a serious concern, most E-classes end up with a sub 35 mi/h clicking or rattling sound from the front end. This is usually due to worn out front-end sway-bar drop links. These can easily be replaced by anybody with minor knowledge of vehicle DIY, for no more than around £20.

Front Spring Perches - Some owners have reported rust problems on the front spring perches - the top perches, which hold the tops of the springs for the front suspension. The perches are spot welded to the chassis, and factory coated in a weatherproof mastic to stop their rusting, however in some rare occurrences, water gets behind the mastic causing the perches to rust and eventually to fail - leading to collapse of the suspension. The car remains controllable. This is a problem that Mercedes USA have acknowledged. The problem is not identifiable without first removing the mastic to check.

Body corrosion - Most model year versions of the W210 displayed body rust, notably on European-sold cars. Rust would sometimes appear spontaneously on panels such as doors and roofs on cars less than a year old. In response to this problem, the manufacturer would in some cases change or repair the affected panels under warranty or good will. Mercedes-Benz has been criticized in the European press for not officially acknowledging this problem. This was due to problems introducing water-based paint technology within the German automobile industry, between the years 1998–2002.

Window regulators - The power window regulator, essentially the mechanism that transfers power from the electric motor to the window, has a few plastic parts that can fail after several years causing the power window to stop operating.

Cylinder Head Gasket - The cylinder head gasket on the M104 is known to fail, causing an oil leak at the rear of the cylinder head.

Differential Bushing - The rear IRS differential bushing wears rapidly during high performance driving and cornering.

Diesel injection distributor pump - The OM604 engines (E 200D and E 220D) were equipped with an electronically controlled injection pump from Lucas. The seals of the Lucas injection pumps become brittle over time and leak. The electromechanics have also been known to fail. Since the replacement of the entire injection pump is very expensive, a repair kit is offered in which the affected seals are replaced. Failed Lucas pumps are also commonly replaced with Bosch pumps from W124.

Front lower control arms - In high mileage examples, mostly from climates where salt is used on the roads in winter time corrosion damage might cause the control arm failure where the stamped sheet metal control arm is welded to the cast part, due to inadequate drainage hole in the control arms.

Model lineage
The W210 models replaced the W124 E-Class models after 1995, launching in mainland Europe in September 1995 and in the United States on 8 November 1995. W210 sedans were replaced by the W211 E-Class after 2002, and wagons/estates changed body style to the W211 after 2003.

title: Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W210)


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Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W211)

The Mercedes-Benz W211 is the third generation Mercedes-Benz E-Class made from 2001 to 2009 in sedan/saloon and station wagon/estate configurations – replacing the W210 E-Class models and superseded by the Mercedes-Benz W212 in 2009.

The C219, marketed as the CLS, was introduced as a niche model in 2005, based on W211 mechanicals.

Launched in 2002 for the 2003 model year, the W211 E-Class was another evolution of the previous model. Before North American sales began, the car was shown in the 2002 movie Men in Black II. The W211 development program began in 1997, followed by design work. The final designs were chosen in 1999, and German patents were filed on December 18, 2000 utilizing an E 500 prototype. Development ended in 2001 after 48 months, at a total cost of €2 billion. Pilot production went into testing in the summer of 2001, and the W211 E-Class debuted at the Brussels Motor Show in January 2002.

The W211 Platform was also the base foundation for which the newly reintroduced Chrysler LX cars were engineered from (Chrysler 300, Dodge Charger, Dodge Magnum).

2003–2005
The W211 E-Class was unveiled at the 2002 European Motor Show Brussels featuring twin-headlights, angled slightly rearward. The 2003 E-Class was larger than its predecessors while offering less interior space, particularly in the estate version, than the W210 it replaced. It offered gasoline or diesel engines with a choice of rear or 4-wheel drive.

Mercedes-Benz claimed to have reduced the fuel consumption of the new E-Class by up to 0.9 litres per 100 km compared with the outgoing model. The redesigned 2003 model featured electrohydraulic braking system marketed as Sensotronic Brake Control (SBC), which was standard equipment in the E-Class. Options included multicontour front seats and dual control air suspension system marketed as Airmatic DC.

Air suspension was standard equipment in the top-of-the-range E 500 V8 model and was available as an option on all other E-Class models. The W211 is a more complex car than its predecessor, with a programmable serial bus and many automated systems.

The 2003 E-Class was offered in sedan and 5-door station wagon configurations in three trim lines, marketed as Classic, Elegance, and Avantgarde. The W211 was the first E-Class since 1985 equipped with two windshield wipers.

The transmission options were 5 or 7-speed automatic or 6-speed manual. V6, V8, inline-4, and supercharged inline-4 engines were offered. Engine outputs of E 240 and E 270 models from the previous W210 E-Class were given a 5 kW increase to 130 kW, while the E 500 uses the 225 kW 5.0-litre V8 from the W220 S-Class to supersede the W210 E 430. The E 320 remained unchanged, producing 165 kW of power.

E 320 CDI
The E 320 CDI used the 3222 cc in-line 6-cylinder diesel engine, OM648, that made 204 PS at 4,200 rpm and 500 Nm at 1,800–2,600 rpm.

Engines were updated in as a part of the facelift and the new 320 CDI was powered by a 2987 cc OM642 V6 engine delivering 224 hp at 3,800 rpm and 540 Nm at 1,600–2,800 rpm.

E 400 CDI
The E 400 CDI used Mercedes-Benz's OM628 3996 cc V8 diesel engine, that made 260 PS at 4,000 rpm and 560 Nm at 1,700–2,600 rpm.

E 55 AMG (2003–2006)
The second generation E 55 AMG debuted in September 2002 at the Paris Motor Show. It debuted as the fastest production sedan in the world. The E 55 AMG was also offered in an estate version for later model years.

E 55 Powertrain
The E 55 AMG is powered by the M113K engine, a 5.4 L V8 with a Lysholm type supercharger manufactured by IHI. The E 55's engine won International Performance Engine of the Year for 2003. The E 55's engine, although the same as the one in the SL55 AMG, had less horsepower, at 476 PS and 516 lbft of torque. The difference in power is due to a smaller-diameter, longer-length exhaust system in the E 55. The supercharged 5.4 L V8 engine was mated to the Speedshift 5-speed automatic transmission, which has a torque capacity of 796 lbft, as the newer 7G-Tronic introduced in 2003 is limited to 542 lbft, not enough to handle the torque from the supercharged V8.

E 55 suspension, brakes, wheels & tires
E 55 came with an AMG tuned Airmatic suspension with 3 different driving modes as well as the ability to significantly raise the car. The E 55 features 14.2 in cross drilled disc brakes at the front with 8 piston calipers. The rear brakes consist of 13 in discs and 4 piston calipers. The E 55 came with 245/40/18 tires up front and 265/35/18 in the rear with performance tires on the standard AMG 18" split spoke wheels.

E 55 Performance
Car and Driver reported in their testing that the E 55 AMG was faster than the SL55 AMG. The E 55 AMG was the fastest four door car in Mercedes-Benz's lineup at the time. While the E 55 could accelerate from 0-100 mph in 9.8 seconds, it took the Audi RS6 11 seconds. The E 55 was the fastest production sedan available until Mercedes-Benz released the S65 AMG. However, Car and Driver criticized the brakes on the E 55, chastising them for being difficult to modulate, and said that the car as a whole felt 'aloof'.

Car and Driver also tested an E 55 AMG Wagon, which weighs 256 lb more than the sedan. They found that it accelerated from 0–60 mph in 4.1 seconds and 0–100 mph in 9.7 seconds.

The E 55 was a sales success, being the best selling AMG until the release of the C 63 AMG.

2006–2009 (mid-generational refresh)
The W211 was updated in 2006 for the 2007 model year. There was new standard and optional equipment, which enabled the W211 to hold its own against its competitors. Sensotronic was dropped due to customer complaints about its software, while Pre-Safe (w/o autonomous braking) was made standard. The announced vehicle was unveiled at the 2006 New York International Auto Show. In total, 29 model variants were available, with 16 Saloons and 13 Estates. New standard equipment included PRE-SAFE active protection, NECK-PRO head restraints, flashing brake lights, tyre pressure monitor. The optional Intelligent Light System included bi-xenon headlamps and 5 different lighting functions. The bodies were restyled including the front grill, rear view mirror, side mirrors, redesigned headlamps, front spoiler, rear lights, gear knob and steering wheel.

Coinciding with the minor model update, the largest factory built engine in the E-class range, the E 500 (badged E 550 in some countries), had its engine size increased from 5 litres to 5.5 litres in 2006.

E 63 AMG (2007–2009)
The E 63 AMG was the refreshed high-performance model of the W211, replacing the E 55 AMG. Besides the Saloon, it was also offered in the Estate body style similarly to the E 55 AMG estate model to compete with the new wagon versions of the BMW M5 (E61) and Audi RS 6 (C6), though those two high-performance wagons were never sold in North America.

This engine had a high-pressure die-cast alloy cylinder block with twin-wire arc spray coated running surfaces. Compression ratio is 11.3:1. According to many auto journalists, the E 63 AMG was one of the quickest production sports sedans in the world. Both the sedan (saloon) and wagon had a 0–60 mph acceleration time of 4.3 seconds. Compared to the previous E 55 AMG, the E 63 AMG had more horsepower but less torque, enabling it to be mated to the newer 7G-Tronic automatic transmission.

While the E 500 and E 550 had the standard Mercedes Airmatic DC suspension with adaptive damping, the E 63 AMG had the AMG-tuned Airmatic suspension which with the stability control turned off gave it far better driving dynamics than its non-AMG predecessors.

The AMG Performance package P030 added electronic speed limiter deletion, limited-slip rear differential, Alcantara sports steering wheel, stiffer valving Airmatic suspension over the standard AMG tuned Airmatic, AMG 18 in, 5-spoke multi-piece wheels, and optional AMG carbon fibre trim.

E-Guard (2006–2008)
The E-Guard was an armoured version with category B4 protection level, introduced in July 2006. Engine choices included E 320 CDI, E 350, and E 500. The vehicles were reinforced with steel and aramid. Other safety equipment included Michelin MOExtended run-flat tyres with pressure loss warning system. All three models had an electronically limited top speed of 240 km/h.

E 300 BlueTEC (2007–2009)
Common rail Direct Injection with a 7G-Tronic automatic transmission, launched in the US as the E 320 BlueTEC in 2007 and in Europe as the E 300 BlueTEC in 2008. The W211 never had a urea injection system throughout its production. The Bluetec name was only adopted to have consistency between the petrol and diesel nomenclature.

Engines
There was a wider range of engines available in Europe than North America and other markets.

 * 2006-2009 E 500 are known as the E 550 in US, Canada.
 * E 500 was sold with 5.0L in US, Canada for 2003–2006, and as the E 550 with 5.5L after 2007.
 * E 300 BlueTEC was sold as E 320 BlueTEC in US, Canada.
 * E 280 4MATIC was sold as E 300 4MATIC in Canada.
 * E 240 was sold as E 260 in Indonesia
 * Note that some models (i.e.: E 280, E 350, E 280 CDI) are introduced with the M272 and OM642 engines in pre-facelift form

Transmissions
Optional equipment: 5-Speed Automatic – code 42/3 in the data-card; 7-Speed Automatic (7G-TRONIC) – code

2/7 in the data-card; Up to approx. 07/2005:

From 07/2005:

From 09/2005:

From 01/2006:

From 09/2007:

From 04/2008: The same, except:

Sales
On 19 December 2008, Mercedes-Benz announced it had delivered 1.5 million units of W211 E-Class vehicles, with 1,270,000 sedans and 230,000 wagons.

US and Germany sales

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W211)


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Campsa

Compañía Arrendataria del Monopolio del Petróleo, S.A. (Campsa) was the state-owned petroleum products company of Spain. Created in the 1920s during General Primo de Rivera's dictatorship, it was dissolved in 1992 owing to the demands of the European Union. Its assets were distributed to the largest private petroleum companies in the Spanish market at the time, which were mainly Repsol, Cepsa and BP. The rights to the Campsa brand were given to Repsol.

The remaining assets of the company, primarily focused on logistics and pipeline services but also its historical archives, were incorporated under the name Compañía Logística de Hidrocaburos, S.A. (CLH). Following a 2008 agreement between CLH and the National Energy Commission the latter took over the archives.

During the period of the Second Republic, CAMPSA's activity was focused on the commercialization of oil and its derivatives, for which it built 16 storage areas and another 34 smaller storage points. However, it practically did not develop exploration activities for oilfields on Spanish soil, nor did it acquire oilfields abroad.

History
The Compañía arrendataria del monopolio del petróleo (C.A.M.P.S.A.) was created on 24 June 1927 by a consortium of Spanish banks: Banco Urquijo, Banco Hispano-Americano, Banco Español de Crédito, Banco Herrero, Banco de Vizcaya, Banco de Bilbao, Banco de Cataluña, Banco Hispano Colonial and Banca Marsans.

title: Campsa


text:
University of the Philippines Manila

The University of the Philippines Manila (UPM; Unibersidad ng Pilipinas Maynila) is a public, coeducational, research university located in Ermita, Manila, Philippines. It is known for being the country's center of excellence in the health sciences, including health professional education, training, and research. It is the oldest of eight constituent universities of the University of the Philippines System, and predates the founding of UP by three years. It was originally established on December 1, 1905, as the Philippine Medical School and later renamed as the UP College of Medicine and Surgery on June 10, 1907. In 1983 it was renamed as University of the Philippines Manila.

UP Manila administers and operates the Philippine General Hospital, the largest medical center and the national referral center for health in the Philippines. The university is the home of the National Institutes of Health. This section led early testing for COVID-19. It continues to conduct health research in various fields.

Its 14-hectare campus occupies two large city blocks. The campus contains pre-war heritage buildings and structures built during the American Period and designed by American architect William E. Parsons. These were declared to be historical landmarks by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines.

Since 2001, the College of Medicine and the College of Nursing have been recognized as Centers of Excellence by the Commission on Higher Education.

Philippine Medical School

On December 1, 1905, the Philippine Medical School was established under Commonwealth Act No. 1415. It opened on June 10, 1907, and was housed at the School for the Deaf and Blind located on Malecon Drive (now Bonifacio Drive). On June 18, 1908, the Philippine Assembly passed the Act No. 1870, also known as the University Charter, marking the birth of the University of the Philippines. The Act renamed the Philippine Medical School as the University of the Philippines College of Medicine and Surgery. The control and management of the medical school was entrusted to the University of the Philippines Board of Regents on December 8, 1910. Its name was shortened to the University of the Philippines College of Medicine on March 1, 1923.

UP opened its doors in 1909 with the School of Fine Arts, the College of Liberal Arts, College of Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Engineering and the College of Law. It also operates the UP College of Agriculture in Los Baños, Laguna. These schools and colleges, established on different locations, were transferred to the UP Campus along Pedro Gil Street, Ermita, Manila on July 1, 1910, except for the College of Agriculture.

In 1907, the US government passed a law establishing the Philippine General Hospital (PGH). It was founded by Dean C. Worcester, an American who was a member of the United States Philippine Commission. On September 1, 1910, the 350-bed capacity hospital was opened to the public for health care delivery and clinical instruction and training of medical students. Dr. Paul Freer served as its first Medical School Dean until 1912. On February 5, 1915, the Philippine Legislative Act No. 2467 reorganized the Training School for Nurses into the PGH School of Nursing and established it as a department of PGH. A few years later, in 1914, 1915 and 1927, the School of Pharmacy, Department of Dentistry and the School of Public Health were created, respectively, under the UP College of Medicine. These units eventually became full-fledged degree-granting units in 1935, 1948, and 1932, respectively.

World War II

The university was destroyed during the Battle of Manila in 1945. However, the College of Medicine under then Dean, Dr. Antonio G. Sison, and PGH were still able to fulfill their mandate of attending to the injured and the sick. On December 15, 1948, much the university transferred to its sprawling 493 hectare campus in Diliman, Quezon City. Three units, Medicine, Dentistry and Public Health, were left behind in the war-torn UP Campus in Manila. On the 40th anniversary of the University of the Philippines in 1949, the original Oblation was transferred to UP's Diliman Campus in Quezon City from its original site along Padre Faura Street in Manila as a symbol of transfer of administrative seat. In April 1948, the UP College of Nursing, which established in the Diliman Campus, instituted the first baccalaureate program in Nursing in the Philippines. More academic units were established in the 1960s. These included the School of Allied Medical Professions (1962), housed then at the National Orthopedic Hospital (now called the Philippine Orthopedic Center), and the Philippine Eye Research Institute in 1965.

Health Sciences Center

With the clamor to meet the health science education needs of the growing population, a Health Sciences Center within the University of the Philippines was created through the passage of RA 5163 on June 17, 1967. It was mandated to seek and emphasize the highest standards of training and research in the various health sciences. However, the Center at the Diliman Campus did not materialize due to fiscal constraints.

In 1972, the UP College Manila was instituted as the first extension unit to offer liberal arts courses. Thereafter, UP was reorganized into the University of the Philippines System to effect institutional unity, while allowing decentralization of authority and autonomy of the component units through Presidential Decree No. 58, promulgated on November 20, 1972, under the administration of President Ferdinand E. Marcos. It was approved by the Board of Regents at its 828th meeting on November 21, 1972, and was implemented on January 1, 1973.

The UP Health Sciences Center became an autonomous component of the UP System through Executive Order No. 519 dated January 24, 1979. At that time, the center was composed of the College of Medicine, College of Pharmacy, College of Dentistry, Institute of Public Health (now the College of Public Health), School of Allied Medical Professions (now the College of Allied Medical Professions), Philippine General Hospital, UP Health Service, Philippine Eye Referral Institute (renamed as the Institute of Ophthalmology), National Teacher Training Center for the Health Professions, Comprehensive Community Health Program, and the Anesthesiology Center Western Pacific. The last two units have since been abolished.

Autonomy

Through Executive Order No. 4, issued by then UP President Edgardo Angara on October 22, 1982, the UP Health Sciences Center was renamed as the University of the Philippines Manila and it became the second autonomous unit of the UP System. The College of Nursing and the College of Pharmacy located in UP Diliman were transferred to the UP Manila, where they joined the rest of the health science units. On December 21, 1983, UPM underwent its first reorganization through Executive Order No. 11 integrating the UP Health Sciences Center and the College of Arts and Sciences (formerly called UP College Manila).

The Board of Regents approved the second reorganization of the UP Manila at its 1007th and 1008th meetings on December 21, 1987, and February 11, 1988, respectively. This reorganization transformed and crystallized UP Manila's philosophy, mission, organizational structure, governance and academic programs to what they are today. In 1989, the Institute of Health Sciences which used to be an extension unit of the College of Medicine, was transformed into the School of Health Sciences and became an independent unit.

Contemporary history

Since 2001, the College of Medicine and the College of Nursing are recognized as Centers of Excellence by the Commission on Higher Education. In addition, the College of Nursing is a WHO Collaborating Center for Leadership in Nursing Development in the Asia-Pacific region. The Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization named the College of Public Health as the SEAMEO-TROPMED Regional Center for Public Health, Hospital Administration, and Environmental and Occupational Health. The National Teacher Training Center for the Health Professions is a WHO Regional Education Development Center for Health Professions Education.

The centennial celebration of the University of the Philippines began on January 8, 2008. As part of UP's centenary, an Oblation statue in front of the Philippine General Hospital was unveiled in December 2008.

In 2013, UP Manila was badly criticized when Kristel Tejada, a 16-year-old behavioral sciences student, committed suicide because she couldn't pay for her tuition fee for the second semester and was left with no choice but to drop out of school. The Tejada family also has to pay the loan Kristel had taken for her first semester tuition. This event led to numerous student protests nationwide, mostly coming from the state universities and colleges, and the students from the UP System. The university was later pressured to lift its "no-late-payment" policy on tuition.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, UP Manila became fundamental to the country's primary healthcare response. In March 2020, the UPM National Institutes of Health was designated COVID testing center and started COVID testing through its locally produced SARS CoV-2 PCR Detection Kit. Later that month, the Department of Health assigned the Philippine General Hospital as COVID-19 referral center for Metro Manila. To make room for COVID patient wards, PGH temporarily suspended outpatient and elective surgery services and offered teleconsultations instead. The hospital, which already lacked spaces for patients, suffered patient overcrowding while it remained understaffed. Through the years, PGH workers also protested against low salaries, job contracting, delayed hazard pay and COVID-19 benefits, insufficient equipment, and budget cuts.

To address the lack of funding and equipment, several UPM units developed different COVID-19 technologies, including the GenAmplify™ COVID-19 rRT-PCR Detection Kit; OstreaVent II; Mechanical Ambu Bag Insufflator; Ginhawa Ventilator; SIBOL innovations such as the RxBox-Telemetry, SIBOL Telepresence, Powered Air-Purifying Respirator, SaniPod, E-Steth Project, and Ultraviolet Irradiation Cabinet; UP Manila Bayanihan Na! Employee Symptoms Tracking System (BESTS); and PGH Bayanihan Center Current Inventory Levels and Donations Tracker. In March 2021, the first official COVID-19 vaccine in the Philippines was administered at PGH to its director, Dr. Gerardo Legaspi.

Campus
The University of the Philippines Manila is situated in the bustling area of Ermita, Manila. Its 14 ha campus is the home to the Philippine General Hospital and the National Institutes of Health. It is the second largest university campus in the City of Manila after the 22 ha University of Santo Tomas. The campus is bounded by United Nations Avenue to the north, Taft Avenue to the east, María Orosa Avenue and Robinsons Place Manila to the west and by Pedro Gil Street to the south. The university is served by the United Nations and Pedro Gil Station of the LRT Line 1. UP Manila buildings vary in age from the American era buildings built in early 1900s to high rise facilities in 2020s. Most of UPM's buildings are designed in Neoclassical style, a theme which has been preserved in recent architectural additions. Many buildings in the campus were designed by American Architect William E. Parsons, in accordance with the Burnham Plan of Manila. The Calderon Hall of the College of Medicine and the Administration Building of the Philippine General Hospital were the first buildings constructed on the campus site. PGH became the template for many tropical hospitals in Asia and tropical America. This was followed by the construction of the University Hall (now Department of Justice) and Rizal Hall in the Padre Faura Street, both used by most UP colleges and executive offices before the World War II. In 2013, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) declared several sites within the campus as heritage zones and were listed in the National Registry of Historic Sites and Structures in the Philippines.

The maintenance and planning for campus buildings are provided by the UP Manila Campus Planning, Development and Maintenance Office (CPDMO) It manages the creation of spaces that support and enhance teaching, research, and public service activities of UP Manila. It is also tasked to recover the lots and heritage buildings that belongs to the university which are now occupied by the National Bureau of Investigation, Court of Appeals, Department of Justice, and the Supreme Court of the Philippines. The Supreme Court has announced its plans to vacate its UP Campus site in Manila and move to the Bonifacio Capital District in Taguig with the Court of Appeals upon the completion of their new state-of-the-art building. The Department of Justice is also slated to move to New Clark City. CPDMO is located on the former UP College of Dentistry Annex Building, which was constructed in the 1960s.

Academic facilities and satellite campuses

The UP Manila University Library and its nine college-based units compose the campus's library network, and as of October 2000 the library has a total collection of 189,874 volumes, including videos, sound recordings, and photographs. Since 1995, the University Library was a member of the Department of Science and Technology – Engineering, Science and Education Library Network Project. The UP College Medicine Library, officially as the Dr. Florentino B. Herrera, Jr. Medical Library, is a center for the study of medical and clinical sciences, and its collections are particularly strong in the subjects of basic and clinical biomedical subjects. It occupies the building adjacent to the University Library. Both library buildings were permanently closed in 2016, after they were endangered when the foundation of the nearby under-construction UP College of Medicine Academic Center sank. Both buildings are now slated for demolition and will be replaced with a new University Library Building.

On October 22, 2014, the university inaugurated the UP Manila Museum of a History of Ideas. The museum showcases the contributions of the University of the Philippines to the critical imagination that shaped the Philippines as a nation in the early 20th century. It was opened to the public on December 2, 2014.

Aside from the main campus, UPM operates on other regional locations. The UP Manila School of Health Sciences operates on four campuses located throughout the Philippines. Its main campus was the UPM-SHS Palo Campus in Palo, Leyte. The other three campuses are the UPM-SHS Baler, Aurora Extension Campus in Luzon, the UPM-SHS Koronadal City Campus in Mindanao, and the UPM-SHS Tarlac City Extension campus.

The Philippine General Hospital has also several planned expansions beyond its Manila headquarters. In 2019, a PGH polyclinic named the Philippine General Hospital Satellite for Sports Medicine and Wellness (PGH-SSMW) was opened to serve the 2019 Southeast Asian Games. It will be eventually expanded into a full hospital to serve the New Clark City, alongside future branches of the College of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health in the upcoming UP campus in the area. The university also aims to build PGH branches in Los Baños and Diliman to build a hospital network to service UP constituents. However, the construction of PGH Diliman is facing scrutiny due to its impact to a protected forest area and its prioritization over upgrade of the current Manila facility.

Academics

UP Manila offers 79 health-related undergraduate and graduate programs in nine degree-granting units. The university's academic units are broadly organized into seven colleges, the National Teacher Training Center for Health Professions, and the School of Health Sciences. The Philippine General Hospital and National Institutes of Health also form part of the university as training and research centers. As the leading institution for medical education and research, UP Manila is regarded as the National Health Sciences Center of the Philippines and designated as one of the four pillars of the Metro Manila Health Research and Development Consortium.

UP Manila develops programs that serve as models and benchmarks of health education and health care in the Philippines. Many of the pioneering curricular programs are offered only in the university even until now, such as the seven-year Integrated Arts and Medicine (INTARMED) Program, MS in Medical Informatics, MS in bioethics, Master of Rehabilitation Science, MS in Clinical Audiology, and MA in Health Policy Studies. The university also offered the first baccalaureate programs in nursing, organizational communication, and public health in the Philippines. Moreover, the UPM School of Health Sciences offers the first stepladder health sciences curriculum in Asia that allows students to take integrated courses on community health work, midwifery, nursing, and community medicine towards a Doctor of Medicine degree. Its community-oriented programs have been lauded worldwide for directly admitting scholars from targeted poor communities in need of health professionals.

UP Manila units are also nationally and internationally recognized. The College of Medicine and the College of Nursing has been recognized by the Commission on Higher Education as National Centers of Excellence since 2001. In addition, the World Health Organization has designated the College of Nursing as WHO Collaborating Center for Leadership in Nursing Development and the National Teacher Training Center for the Health Professions as WHO Regional Development Center in Health Professions Education in the Western Pacific Region. The College of Public Health also hosts the SEAMEO-Tropmed Regional Centre for Public Health, Hospital Administration, Environmental and Occupational Health.

Admissions
Admission to the university is very selective. Prospective undergraduate students must pass the University of the Philippines College Admission Test (UPCAT), which is part of the admission requirements for all the component units of the University of the Philippines System.

An applicant for the Doctor of Medicine program can enter through direct entry at Learning Unit 1, where only high school graduates from the top male and female UPCAT scorers are accepted, or lateral entry at Learning Unit 3, where college graduates who passed the National Medical Admission Test (NMAT) are accepted. On the other hand, the School of Health Sciences directly admits scholars nominated by the far-flung communities served by its campuses.

Financial aid
The university spends most of its budget to the students. For the school year of 2017 to 2018, UP Manila offers tuition-free education to its medical students through a cash grants program. It was funded through the ₱317.1 million allocation for eight selected state universities and colleges nationwide which offers medical programs, with each institution receiving an allotment of ₱39 million. Students who will benefit from this program are expected to render a one-year "return service" to the Philippines for every cash grants he or she receives. The program, although separate in nature, is still a part of the ₱8.3 billion free tuition program for undergraduate students in all state universities and colleges nationwide, or the Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act, which prompted the university to stop collecting tuition fees to all undergraduate students indefinitely.

Research

In research, UP Manila has been pursuing its mandate by generating and disseminating knowledge and technologies that can effectively contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of Filipinos. Its research outputs have greatly influenced the thrusts and directions of national health care programs and have been used as basis for policy formulation and implementation.

The research units of UP Manila are housed in the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which also serves as the national health research center of the Philippines. As governed by the Health Research and Development Act of 1998, NIH conducts biomedical and public health research intended improve Philippine health services, promotion, and systems. The Manila Studies Program, a regional studies research center based in the College of Arts and Sciences, also conducts research and projects on heritage, urban development, and policy-related issues.

As the national university, UP Manila also provides technical support and research on health legislation. UP Manila research experts have worked towards the passage of the Newborn Screening Act in 2004, Universal Newborn Hearing Screening and Intervention Act of 2009, and the Rare Diseases Act of the Philippines of 2016 among others. UP Manila has also strongly opposed the conduct of local scientific studies and the legalization of medical marijuana.

Researches which exerted the biggest national impact on Philippine health care include several research-based program recommendations generated through the national surveys on blindness and the studies on Hepatitis B, diarrhea, and common parasitic infections, which were adopted by the Department of Health; commercialization of five herbal medicinal formulations (lagundi, yerba buena, tsaang gubat, sambong and akapulko); textbooks and instructional manuals which are also used by other academic institutions; and the performance evaluation of PhilHealth, the country's national health insurance program. Since the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the National Institutes Health has produced various research on COVID-19 testing, healthcare, and vaccination. NIH also locally produced coronavirus test kits and ventilators to address the lack of health supplies and equipment.

UP Manila Research Ethics Board

The University of the Philippines Manila Research Ethics Board (UPMREB) was created on September 27, 2010, to integrate all existing ethics committees in UP Manila under a single research ethics board with component review panels, and guided by a unified set of standard operating procedures (SOPs). This initiative was intended to streamline and harmonize the process of ethics review, maximize the utilization of human and institutional resources, and provide a supportive and enabling environment for research in the university. Its oversight applies to faculty, personnel, and students doing research in UP Manila; non-UP Manila researchers doing research in UP Manila; and non-UP Manila researchers doing research in non-UP Manila sites with no local ethics review committee (as mandated by the Philippine Health Research Ethics Board).

Prior to the establishment of the UPMREB, the different component panels already had existing standard operating procedures (SOPs), now superseded, which were used as the basis for the content of this current integrated manual. One important contribution of this integration is the opportunity to closely review the old SOPs towards a more practicable set of procedures guiding UPMREB work.

Rankings and reputation
UP Manila is recognized as one of the top higher education institutions in the country and the region. The Center for World University Ranking (CWUR) ranks UPM as second among all Philippine universities and 1,648th worldwide. Its Clinical, Pre-Clinical, and Health subjects were also ranked 126-150th in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings while the life sciences and medicine programs of the University of the Philippines System placed 394th in the QS World University Rankings by Subject Area.

The excellence of UP Manila's health science programs is further proven by the consistent 100% passing of its graduates in nearly all health licensure examinations every year and their placement in the top 10/20 posts of each exam. UP Manila consistently achieves the highest national passing rate among all health universities and colleges in the country, a feat which has been recognized many times by the Professional Regulation Commission. UPM has been distinguished as top performing school in medicine, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, and rehabilitation sciences licensure examinations.

Student life
UP Manila is a part on the University Belt, a de facto sub-district of the City of Manila where there is a high concentration or a cluster of colleges and universities.

Activism
Students of UP Manila are known for their activism, since the Supreme Court of the Philippines, the Court of Appeals, and the Department of Justice are located within its grounds. The university has plenty of student groups focused on political change. It also has a variety of partisan groups ranging from liberal to conservative, and several third party organizations.

People
The university has produced remarkable alumni in their respective fields. The 10th and current chancellor of the university is Dr. Michael L. Tee, who succeeded Dr. Carmencita M. Padilla, a National Scientist, in 2023.

20th century
Notable people from UP Manila include Elpidio Quirino, the sixth President of the Philippines, who graduated from the university with a law degree in 1915. Fe del Mundo, a pediatrician, was known as the first woman to be admitted as a student in Harvard Medical School, and was the founder of the first pediatric hospital in the Philippines. She graduated from the university in 1933 as valedictorian of her class. In 1924, Alejandro Melchor, who served as a Secretary of National Defense, obtained his civil engineering degree with the highest honors at that time when the UP College of Engineering was still based in Manila. Other notable UP Manila alumni includes Martino Abellana, a renowned Cebuano painter, and Trinidad Tarrosa-Subido, a linguist and poet.

21st century
Political figures who were graduates of UP Manila include Jinggoy Estrada, a Philippine Senator, and Enrique Manalo, who served as the Undersecretary for Policy of the Department of Foreign Affairs. Revolutionary leader Nur Misuari was also a graduate of UP Manila, who obtained his political science degree in 1962.

UP Manila alumni who served in the field of medical and health profession include three Secretaries of the Department of Health: Juan Flavier (1992-1995), who also served as a Senator from 1995 to 2007, Esperanza Cabral (2009-2010), and Enrique Ona (2010 to 2014).

Americans who graduated from UP Manila include two Brigadier General of the United States Air Force: Van N. Backman who obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1955, and Patricia C. Lewis, who earned her master's degree from the university in 1977. Ernesto Domingo, a National Scientist of the Philippines, also graduated from the university. Alfredo Bengzon, the President and CEO of The Medical City obtained his doctor of medicine degree from the university. UPM alumni in academia include Paulo Campos, who was known for his work on nuclear medicine, Luciano P.R. Santiago, and Gregorio F. Zaide. The latter two are multi-awarded historians. In film, entertainment, and television, UPM is represented by comedian actress Maricel Laxa, and Vinci Montaner, a founding member of the band Parokya ni Edgar. Other prominent graduates include Victoria Tauli-Corpuz, an international activist for Igorot ethnicity and Norman King, the first Aeta graduate of the entire university system.

Some people, such as Diosdado Macapagal, the 9th Philippine President, Paz Latorena, a writer, and Grace Poe, a senator, attended UPM but did not graduate. Internationally recognized actor Elijah Canlas is currently taking BA Philippine Arts at the university.

title: University of the Philippines Manila


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User talk:Filmfan2000

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Spinboy 05:36, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Filmfan2000


text:
Stratford, Victoria

Stratford is a town on the Avon River in Victoria, Australia, 232 km east of Melbourne on the Princes Highway in Shire of Wellington. At the, Stratford had a population of 2617. The town services the local regional community and travellers on the Princes Highway. Stratford's principal industries are dairying, sheep, cattle and horse breeding and vegetable crops. The town has numerous coffee shops and cafes, a cellar door for a local winery, Design Gallery, model railway shop, a pub, parks and playgrounds for car travelers to break their journey.

Town name
The origin of the town's name is unclear. Many believe it derives from Stratford-upon-Avon in England, William Shakespeare's birthplace, a view which is lent credence by the fact that it is located by the river Avon, although the name of the river Avon comes from a Scottish river. Locals have embraced the connection with Shakespeare and a Shakespeare on the River Festival has been a successful annual event since 1989, incorporating works of Shakespeare and modern Australian plays. In 1998 the town formally became a member of the Stratford Sister Cities program to promote friendship and cultural exchange between participating countries.

Geography
The River Avon has a local reputation as a source for river polished gemstones, particularly agate, and for rapidly rising during increased rainfall upstream.

Three kilometres south-east of Stratford is a 56 ha park called Knob Reserve (formerly known as the "Forest of Arden"), part of the Gunai/Kurnai Bataluk Cultural Trail, which winds its way through East Gippsland, highlighting the places of cultural significance to the first inhabitants. There are picnic facilities and an annual country music festival is held at Knob Reserve.

Stratford has a railway station on the Bairnsdale railway line, which was reopened for passenger use in 2004. The Howitt Bicycle Trail passes through Stratford.

Sports
The town has an Australian rules football team, nicknamed the Swans; who have been competing in the East Gippsland Football League since 2012. They had previously competed in the North Gippsland Football League from 2004 to 2011. The town has a cricket team competing in the Sale-Maffra Cricket Association. They have won 4 A-Grade premierships since reforming in 1978.

History
The land around the Avon River was occupied by the Brayakuloong people of the Gunai/Kurnai indigenous nation for thousands of years prior to European settlement. Angus McMillan named the Avon River after the river of the same name in his native Scotland. In 1840 he established a pastoral run at Bushy Park, north-west of the township. William Odell Raymond established a run in the area in 1842, and built his house, Strathfieldsaye, during 1848–54. European settlement did not take place without resistance, and in return, massacres were inflicted by Angus McMillan and others on Gunai people, especially between the years of 1840 and 1850.

The township was established in the late 1850s and the Post Office opened on 1 May 1858.

With the 1860s gold rush to the Omeo and Dargo goldfields, the town of Stratford prospered. Historic buildings include the RSL Hall (1866), the Church of Holy Trinity (1868), the Methodist Church (1873), and the Post Office (1884).

In 1863 Reverend Friedrich Hagenauer established Ramahyuck Mission on the banks of the Avon River near Lake Wellington to house the Ganai survivors from west and central Gippsland. The name combines "Ramah", the home of Samuel in the First Book of Kings, with "yuck", an Aboriginal term reputedly meaning "our place". The mission sought to discourage all tribal ritual and culture, and replace it with Christian values and European customs. The Mission closed in 1908 and the few remaining residents were moved to Lake Tyers Mission.

Reverend Hagenauer's son Dr Henry Hagenauer was a top local Australian rules footballer who played one match for Victorian Football League (VFL) club Melbourne in 1898.

title: Stratford, Victoria


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Richard Seaborn

Richard Harry Seaborn (born April 25, 1917 in Winnipeg, Manitoba; died March 27, 1991) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1958 to 1966.

The son of Ernest Frederick Seaborn, Seaborn was educated at the University of Alberta and the Juilliard School of Music in New York. He later spent three years in a seminary with the intention of becoming a minister (during his time in the legislature, he was a member of the Salvation Army). He served as music director of CJAY-TV, and was concertmaster and assistant conductor of the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra from 1942 to 1957. Seaborn also holds a Public Utility Accountancy Certificate.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1958 provincial election, defeating CCF candidate James McIsaac by 147 votes in the north-end Winnipeg riding of Wellington (incumbent Liberal-Progressive Jack St. John finished third). He was re-elected over McIsaac by 228 votes in the 1959 election, and defeated former CCF leader Lloyd Stinson by 220 votes in the 1962 campaign. He lost his seat to Unitarian minister Philip Petursson by 706 votes in the 1966 election. During his time in the legislature, he served as a backbench supporter of Dufferin Roblin's government.

Seaborn also served as a musical director of the Sokol Polish Folk Ensemble.

title: Richard Seaborn


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Deiva Marina

Deiva Marina is a small Italian comune in the province of La Spezia (region of Liguria), located about 65 km east of the city of Genoa on the Riviera di Levante. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy"). It is a quiet touristic resort, with clean seawater and a seashore  surrounded by green mountains. It is known as a fishing place all year long.

Excursions to nearby  Cinque Terre National Park, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, or to Portofino are very easy.

Since 2018 Deiva Marina municipality is a partner of the Pelagos Sanctuary for Mediterranean Marine Mammals. This implies a commitment to intensify the fight against any form of pollution, whether of maritime or land-based origin having or likely to have a direct or indirect impact on the marine mammal conservation status as well as to avoid any highspeed motorboat competition.

History
Although mentioned in documents since Carolingian period, the territory was hard to reach by land because of the high mountains surrounding it and by sea, because of the lack of a harbour. A number of small villages scattered the inland, while the seafront could not be inhabited because of the incursions of Muslim Barbary pirates. Local people were often fishermen, but at night would retreat inland to the historic center of Deiva near the church. Two watch towers, built in the 16th century, were the only fortifications, where the population could hide, and today are in the coat of arms of the municipality. The square tower, near the church, about one kilometer from the sea, has been preserved and restored. The round one, near the sea, was partially demolished by a flash flood in 1852.

In 1874 the railway along the Ligurian coast was completed and Deiva became easier to access: a few houses were built near the railway station, including an inn called "Albergo Savoia". The rest of the coastal area was partially used by a factory and later also for military defense. The only remarkable building built near the seashore in the first half of the 20th century was a villa in style "art nouveau", called "Villa Schiaffino".

The transformation of Deiva into a holiday resort became possible only in 1932, when the railways (including the railway station) were moved about 1 km inland, leaving a wide usable seafront, but really took place after World War II. Meanwhile, connection to the main Italian towns was greatly improved both by the construction of the motorway A12 and by the reuse of abandoned railway tunnels for local car traffic. This encouraged in the Sixties and Seventies the construction of many apartment buildings, to be used as second houses.

Economy
The most important economic resource is tourism.

Tourism
Deiva Marina offers its visitors a variety of sea and land attractions. It has wide sandy beaches, many rocky beaches and a large number of small bays accessible only by sea. Fishing is productive all year long. Moreover cruises for fishing or whale watching are possible.

There are many nature trails in the hills surrounding Deiva Marina. The two trails leading to the nearby places of Framura and Moneglia develop parallel to the coast line among the maquis shrubland, vineyard terraces or chestnut or maritime pine woods and provide interesting viewpoints on the sea. Other trail lead inland, climbing the local Apennine mountains. Real climbing can be experienced on the Falesia della Sfinge.

Deiva may also be the base for bicycle sport activity. Until recently Deiva was the starting point of two bicycle competitions "Granfondo 5 Terre" and "Mediofondo 5 Terre", which develop along circuits in the Cinque Terre countryside.

Transportation
It can be reached:
 * by train from Genova or La Spezia.
 * by car the nearest motorway junction is indicated as "Deiva Marina" on the Autostrada A12. It is also convenient to exit at Sestri Levante and reach Deiva following the coast through Riva Trigoso and Moneglia. Most of this road takes advantage of one-way tunnels, where direction of traffic is alternated every 20 minutes.
 * by plane the nearest airports are Genoa (GOA) at 59 km; Pisa (PSA) at 92 km; Parma (PMF) at 90 km and Milan (LIN) at 136 km.

Train is also very convenient for exploring the nearby famous resorts as Cinque Terre (15 minutes) or Portofino (30 minutes). The marina of Lavagna is also close.

title: Deiva Marina


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Talk:The Mists of Avalon

Common Themes in MZB's works beyond the Avalon series
It is possible that the "Fall of Atlantis"- a collection of three books, The Firebrand and even Heartlight, gravelight, ghostlight, witchlight are related. The books often center around a female character who is trying to find spirituality and who often feels like she has stumbled across a reincarnated path. Often the path is trying to preserve religion and struggle against others who force religion. More directly the snake/dragon tattoos are a recurrence in many, many of her novels implying that the characters may be reincarnate souls of the characters in Mists of Avalon. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.235.115.115 (talk • contribs) 14:10, April 28, 2007

title: Talk:The Mists of Avalon


text: Template:Canadian Charter

title: Template:Canadian Charter


text: User talk:67.170.130.178

title: User talk:67.170.130.178


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Full Moon Party

The Full Moon Party (Thai: ฟูลมูนปาร์ตี้) is an all-night beach party that originated in Hat Rin on the island of Ko Pha-ngan, Thailand in 1985. The party takes place on the night of, before, or after every full moon.

History

The first Full Moon Party is said to have been improvised at a Paradise Bungalows on the beach in 1983 as a token of thanks to about 20–30 travelers, though the accuracy of this is disputed, as is the date of the original event. The parties gained fame through word of mouth, and the event now draws a crowd of about 5,000–30,000 every full moon. The party finishes at sunrise the next day. The bars on Sunrise Beach of Hat Rin play music such as psychedelic trance, R&B, drum and bass, house, dance, and reggae. The event has become a part of the itinerary of many travelers to Southeast Asia.

The ruling military government in late 2014 banned all but the Full Moon Party. A police colonel summed up the attitude of the government when he said, "The sort of tourist that comes here to drink too much and take drugs are not the type that Thailand wants." The ban may not have been observed by local authorities, as on 5 April 2015, all parties except the Full Moon Party were again banned on Ko Pha-ngan. This was ordered by the district chief officer, Krirkkrai Songthani, after a meeting with local leaders on 3 April to discuss complaints from residents about noise pollution from the various large parties taking place up to 25 times each month. However, these bans are short-lived and lapse once they have served their purpose.

With the stated political goal of attracting higher-class (wealthier) tourists, it is unclear how much longer the Full Moon Party will be permitted to continue. Already, the Tourist Authority of Thailand (TAT) webpage for Ko Pha-ngan makes minimal mention of the Full Moon Party.

In 2020, the event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Parties resumed on 16 April 2022 with the easing of restrictions by the government.

Frequency
The monthly Full Moon Party takes place on the night of the full moon, or one night earlier or later, if there is a significant religious holiday on the night of the full moon. It involves a wide spectrum of music, ranging from trance, to drum and bass, to reggae, with events taking place in various clubs along Hat Rin beach.

The October 2017 event and all other parties and music activities on Ko Pha-ngan was canceled out of respect for the cremation ceremony of the late king Bhumibol Adulyadej.

Safety issues
Although drugs are consumed by many partygoers, drug laws are strict and police enforcement is stepped up during the parties. There are undercover police on patrol and even the drug dealers themselves may report drug users to police. In recent years, there has been a number of assaults and robberies at the party and in bars in the surrounding area, leading the British government to officially warn tourists to exercise caution at Full Moon Parties. Break-ins at hotel bungalows while partygoers are away from their rooms sometimes occur as well.

On New Year's Eve 2012, British tourist Stephen Ashton was killed by a stray bullet.

In popular culture
The Full Moon Party has been featured in films such as The Beach, Last Stop for Paul, and the Thai film Hormones. It was also featured in the first episode of the Comedy Central TV show Gerhard Reinke's Wanderlust. In 2011, the island's parties featured on Tourism and the Truth: Stacey Dooley Investigates, a documentary investigating the negative impacts of tourism on local people and the economy. It was featured in episode 4 of E4's comedy-drama series Gap Year.

title: Full Moon Party


text:
Talk:R v Oakes

Suggested Merge
Can I suggest this be merged with Oakes test? - Montréalais 05:42, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I think it could work. I assume you mean redirect Oakes test to R. v. Oakes, right? The case itself is important enough that I'd think it would be worth keeping. My only concern would be that the test as described in the case is not necessarily the exact same test it is today. It's evolved quite a bit since R. v. Oakes. I'd suggest perhaps putting it in section 1. However, none of the articles are very substantial so I don't feel too strongly one way or the other. -- PullUpYourSocks 11:58, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Similar tests
I am interested in whether Oakes test is connected to the proportionality test of German legal theory and ECJ practice? It is very similar to the proportionality test, compare the recent Marks and Spencer decision.

''Such a restriction is permissible only if it pursues a legitimate objective compatible with the Treaty and is justified by imperative reasons in the public interest. It is further necessary, in such a case, that its application be appropriate to ensuring the attainment of the objective thus pursued and not go beyond what is necessary to attain it. ''

I have seen nowhere the two tests linked, but does anyone know of a comparison?

 * That's really Interesting. I don't think I've ever heard of any explicit connection, but there could be. Three-part proportionality tests have had a lot of life in the Courts. I can think of several other instances where I've seen tests that look very similar to the Oakes test, so it is difficult to say where they all came from. I'm curious if there is a connection. --PullUpYourSocks 14:09, 14 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Dieter Grimm, "Proportionality in Canadian and German Jurisprudence," (2007) 57 University of Toronto Law Journal 383, draws comparisons between the German and Canadian rights limitation principles. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.151.127.213 (talk) 00:42, 20 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Just read that WTO also uses a similar test. The German version reputedly originates from 19th century Prussian police regulations.

Dates
Unless they do things differently in Canada, there appears to be a problem with the dates: Argued March 12, 1986, Decided February 28, 1986 BlongerBros 15:57, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

What does this even mean?
The test developed in this case has since gone through significant evolution due to subsequent case law; however, the test has remained fundamentally the same. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.252.57.251 (talk) 21:54, 8 September 2008 (UTC)

Comment
Hi In all the newspapers this case was plublished nobody ever said that I recently had my leg severily crushed at work & smoking hash oil helped with the pain. http://wsib.contact-directconnect.com/images/I_said_my_Leg_was_fucking_sore.jpg

David Edwin Oakes — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.222.253.234 (talk) 13:42, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks (very belatedly) for commenting, and for noting the issue on the talk page (here) instead of directly in the article. Unfortunately, without an independent, published, reliable source for that information, it would be problematic to add it to the article. (As you've identified yourself as a subject of the article, for future reference, please be aware of Plain and simple conflict of interest guide.) TheFeds  20:28, 18 September 2021 (UTC)

Citation error
Here's a very minor, lawyerly point: In the box with the case citations at the beginning of the article, the citation to the C.R.R. volume should be (1986) 19 C.R.R. 308, not [1986] 19 C.R.R. 308. It's not that important, but having a first-year law school mistake right at the beginning makes the article look unprofessional. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.241.211.163 (talk) 22:11, 10 August 2009 (UTC)

 * ✅ I think you were right; unfortunately it took 12 years to do anything about it (you would have been welcome to fix that when you noticed it). The McGill citation guide doesn't really have a format for redundantly showing the year, preferring instead to treat multiple citations together as being interdependent, with the "(1986), " as a suffix to the case name rather than a prefix for each case citation. I'm undecided whether we should follow that convention, or redundantly add "(1986), ", as if it is necessary to recite it every time. Nevertheless, the CRR reporter was apparently published in sequentially numbered volumes, sometimes several to a year, and so the citation itself does not need to incorporate the year as "[1986]". TheFeds  04:01, 19 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:R v Oakes


text:
Talk:Potbelly Sandwich Shop

chain
Potbelly's is a chain of sub shops that started in Chicago. I will work on this article.- —Preceding unsigned comment added by SenorAnderson (talk • contribs)

this does read like an ad, doesn't it? 143.58.160.62 (talk) 19:22, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

WP:FOOD Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Restaurants or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. You can find the related request for tagging here -- TinucherianBot (talk) 10:50, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

Works?
I see it listed as Potbelly Sandwich Shop most other places. Maybe it should be moved to Potbelly Sandwich Shop.---Raw3aruva (talk) 04:11, 19 June 2015 (UTC)

Agreed, the name changed when company went public.--Skeenek (talk) 00:48, 13 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Moved--Kintetsubuffalo (talk) 01:06, 11 November 2018 (UTC)

A solid move. Their site uses Potbelly too. Anna Frodesiak (talk) 01:17, 11 November 2018 (UTC)

What Controversy?
Under Controversy it says Potbelly received funds, ad then said it was going to pay them back. How exactly is that a controversy? Are they late? Are they being fined? More detail is needed. 76.230.211.64 (talk) 03:18, 12 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Potbelly Sandwich Shop


text:
Talk:2003 New Brunswick general election

Untitled
-- Earl Andrew - talk 09:13, 20 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Restigouche & Gloucester - 1-10
 * Westmorland & Kent 11-17
 * Southeast 18-20, 25 & 27
 * Moncton & Area 21-24, 26
 * Lower Saint John - 28-31, 37
 * Saint John - 32-36
 * Southwest 38-48
 * Upper Saint John 49-55

 * It is bad form in NB to refer to Gloucester County as such as it is nearly entirely francophone and they are not keen on the very Anglo name. I would sugesst the following regions:

 * Restigouche—Chaleur—Pénisule - 1-10
 * Eastern - 11-18
 * Southestern NB - 18-28
 * Greater Saint John—Charlotte - 29-40
 * Greater Fredericton - 41-48
 * Upper St. John Valley - 49-55

 * FYI, "Saint John" the city is never abbreviated, "St. John" the river always is. Don't as why, there is no good reason ;) - Jord 15:30, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I'd like to keep Moncton and Saint John separate from the rural areas if possible. I know Gloucester sounded weird, but is technically correct ;-). How about Restigouche & Acadie-Bathurst? -- [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] Earl Andrew - talk 20:34, 20 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, nevermind- you've already changed the page. -- [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] Earl Andrew - talk 20:36, 20 May 2005 (UTC)


text:
File:Dmxsots.jpg

Summary
dmx krew sound of the street CD cover

title: File:Dmxsots.jpg


text:
Cocoa thrush

The cocoa thrush (Turdus fumigatus) is a resident breeding thrush in South America, from eastern Colombia south and east to central and eastern Brazil, as well as on the Caribbean island of Trinidad and some of the Lesser Antilles.

Description
The cocoa thrush is 22–24 cm long. It is dark rufous brown above and paler rufous brown below. There are five poorly defined races, differing mainly in the brightness of the plumage. Sexes are similar, but young birds are duller, having the scalloped underparts common in immature thrushes. The song is a musical warble, and it also produces a variety of typical thrush chuck and chak calls.

Distribution and habitat
In South America, besides the Amazon Basin, the Guianas and the Guiana Shield, the cocoa thrush ranges into two areas. A medium-sized disjunct population lives on southeast coastal Brazil; the narrow coastal range is 300 km wide and extends from Alagoas state in the north to southern Rio de Janeiro state, about 2300 km. Another range for the species is in northeast Colombia and southwest Venezuela. It covers parts of the headwaters of the Caribbean-flowing Orinoco River drainage, and adjacent Amazonian headwaters to the Rio Negro flowing southeast into the Amazon's northwest quadrant. This Colombian-Venezuelan range extends to the coast, and is coastal along northern Venezuela, as it is an extension of the range from the Guianas, (western Guyana). The thrush's range covers the downstream eastern half of the Amazon Basin; in the northeast Basin, it is in Pará and Amapá state with the Guianas. In the southeast Basin, it is in the Tapajos River and Xingu River drainages; also two thirds of the adjacent river system, the lower Araguaia–Tocantins River drainage.

Its preferred habitat is dense forest. The nest is a lined bulky cup of twigs low in a tree or treefern. Two to three reddish-blotched greenish-blue eggs are laid and incubated by the female for about 13 days to hatching. The young then fledge in another 13–15 days.

Behaviour
The cocoa thrush mainly feeds on or near the ground on insects, especially ants and their larvae, earthworms, other invertebrates and some fruits and berries. It is a shy species, but on Trinidad it is much tamer, and will come to feeders.

title: Cocoa thrush


text:
Talk:Nancy Hopkins (aviator)

Fair use rationale for Image:Nancy Hopkins 04.jpg
Image:Nancy Hopkins 04.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 16:23, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Nancy Hopkins 06.jpg
Image:Nancy Hopkins 06.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 16:24, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nancy Hopkins (aviator)


text:
User talk:Stephen2417

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Okay, now that all the pre-made stuff is out of the way, I hope you have a really great time on Wikipedia. I know from experience that it's scary when you first start, and it seems like there's a billion different things to do. There ARE a billion things to do, but there's also enough people around that you don't have to do all of them. Find what you do best, and do it. No matter what you do, it helps the Wikipedia grow! Oh, and sorry if it seems creepy that I'm messaging you on your first day. I just noticed your edit said it was your first time, so I figured I'd welcome you. :) Mo0 [ talk ] 05:49, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Heh, thanks for the welcome Mo0 :D Stephen2417 19:44, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

ECOT
Hi, like the infobox. Wasn't aware it existed, so thanks.

Did some minor additions. Have to update the logo, add the staff, faculty, and student numbers and a couple other things.

Funny you should mention getting FireFox, as I did about a month ago. Been busy setting up my own Wiki and haven't visited -pedia for a while.

By the by, SEP is getting Wikified for 07/08. No joke. Have a meeting on Wed. about some of the particulars. You graduated too early! ;-)

--Dionisio (Columbus, Ohio, USA) Talk 01:47, 14 August 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Dragonflycms-logo.png)
Thanks for uploading Image:Dragonflycms-logo.png. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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Fair use rationale for File:Ecot.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:Ecot.jpg. I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the file description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

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Orphaned non-free image File:Ecot.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Ecot.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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Speedy deletion nomination of User:Stephen2417/sandbox

A tag has been placed on User:Stephen2417/sandbox requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section U5 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page appears to consist of writings, information, discussions, and/or activities not closely related to Wikipedia's goals. Please note that Wikipedia is not a free Web hosting service. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such pages may be deleted at any time.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the deleting administrator, or if you have already done so, you can place a request here. Cahk (talk) 07:09, 9 December 2015 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Dragonflycms-defaultinstall.png
Thank you for uploading File:Dragonflycms-defaultinstall.png. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the page from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of the website's terms of use of its content. If the original copyright holder is a party unaffiliated with the website, that author should also be credited. Please add this information by editing the image description page.

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title: User talk:Stephen2417


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Graticule slides

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was redirect. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 22:06, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

Graticule slides

 * Content moved to Wikibooks, illustration moved to commons, and the previous Graticule slide redirect now contains the encyclopedic content. -- Egil 05:50, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, since it's been transwikied already. Mo0 [ talk ] 06:29, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Graticule slide. Megan1967 07:18, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Content has been merged to graticule slide. Finish the merger with Redirect (which would be a good idea per the naming conventions anyway), therefore. Uncle G 16:00, 2005 Apr 21 (UTC)
 * Redirect. Master Thief Garrett 21:52, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.