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Dynamic enterprise modeling

Dynamic enterprise modeling (DEM) is an enterprise modeling approach developed by the Baan company, and used for the Baan enterprise resource planning system which aims "to align and implement it in the organizational architecture of the end-using company".

According to Koning (2008), Baan introduced dynamic enterprise modelling in 1996 as a "means for implementing the Baan ERP product. The modelling focused on a Petri net–based technique for business process modelling to which the Baan application units were to be linked. DEM also contains a supply-chain diagram tool for the logistic network of the company and of an enterprise function modelling diagram".

Overview
To align a specific company with dynamic enterprise modeling, the organizational structure is blueprinted top-down from high-level business processes to low-level processes. This blueprint is used as a roadmap of the organization, that is compatible with the structural roadmap of the software package. Having both roadmaps, the software package and the organizational structure are alienable. The blueprint of an organizational structure in dynamic enterprise modeling is called a reference model. A reference model is the total view of visions, functions, and organizational structures and processes, which together can be defined as a representative way of doing business in a certain organizational typology.

The DEM reference model consists of a set of underlying models that depict the organizational architecture in a top-down direction. The underlying models are:

 * Enterprise structure diagrams: The company site structure is visualized with the dispersed geographic locations, the headquarters, manufacturing plants, warehouses, and supplier and customer locations. Physical as well as logical multi-site organizations for internal logistic or financial flow optimization can be diagrammed.
 * Business control model : The business control model represents the primary processes of the organization and their control, grouped in business functions. The DEM reference model exists of one main Business Control Model, resulting in several other Business Control Models per function area of the organization.
 * Business function model : The business function model is a function model that focuses on the targets of the several functions within the company.
 * Business process model : The business process model focuses on the execution of the functions and processes that originate from the business control model, and the business function model. Processes flows are depicted and processes are detailed out.
 * Business organization model : The business organization model focuses less on the processes and more on the organizational aspects such as roles and responsibilities.

Together these models are capable of depicting the total organizational structure and aspects that are necessary during the implementation of the dynamic enterprise modeling. The models can have differentiations, which are based on the typology of the organization (i.e.: engineer-to-order organizations require different model structures than assemble-to-order organizations. To elaborate on the way that the reference model is used to implement software and to keep track of the scope of implementation methods, the business control model and the business process model will be explained in detail.

Business control model
The business control model exists of the business functions of the organization and their internal and external links. Basic features in the model are:

 * Request-feedback-loop: A link from, to, or between business functions is called a request-feedback-loop, which consists of 4 states that complete the process and information flows between both business functions. The states are labeled: requested, committed, completed, and accepted.
 * Workflow case. A workflow case is the description of the execution and the target of the process that occurs between two business functions. The most important critical factors of the workflow case are quantity, quality, and time. The 4 states of Request-feedback-loop the together represent the workflow case.
 * Triggers: Business functions are aggregates of business processes and focus mainly on the triggers (control) between processes, thus not on the information flows.
 * Business functions : In an optimal situation for the modeling process, a company has only one business function. Business functions are however subdivided when:
 * The nature and characteristics of workflow cases fluctuate
 * The frequency in underlying processes fluctuate
 * Detail-level fluctuates
 * More than 1 type of request triggers a function

Next to interaction between two business functions, interaction can also exist between objects that are not in the scope of the reference model. These objects can be external business functions and agents.

Agents on the other hand are entities similar to business functions with the exception that they are external of the business (i.e.: customers and suppliers). Subroutines of processes can be modeled in the Business Control Model to take care of possible exceptions that can occur during the execution of a process (i.e.: delay handling in the delivery of goods).
 * External business function : this is a group of processes that are part of the organization (meaning that the organization can control the functions), but that is outside of the scope of the reference model.
 * Processes within or between business functions are executed by triggers, which can be event-driven or time-driven.
 * Exceptions in a system are handled, according to the set handling level in the business process configuration, when the success path of the model is not met in practice.

In addition to business functions that consist of the main processes of the organization, management functions exist.
 * Management business functions: These are functions that manage the business process itself, and that thus, support the execution and triggering of the main business functions.

Having this reference, the main processes of the organization can be captured in the Business Control Model. The main functions of the organization are grouped in the business functions, which consist of the processes that are part of the specific business function. Interactions between the business functions are then depicted using the request-feedback loops.

Constructing the business control model
A business control model is constructed according to a set path.
 * First, the scope of the business is defined. The scope includes scoping what to model and includes the definition of the agents and external business functions that relate to the business.
 * Next, the scope is depicted to a model of the black box with al the agents and external business functions surrounding the black box.
 * The next step is to define the process and information flows (request-feedback flows) between the agents and external business functions to and from the black box of the business control model. Defining the request-feedback flows enables the modeler to define what processes are inside the black box.

After creating the main business functions within the business control model, the several business functions are detailed out.
 * In case of a production business it is vital to define the customer order decoupling point, referring to the split in the physical process where processes are based on the customer order instead of forecasts.
 * Service based businesses on the other hand do not have a physical goods flow and thus do not require a physical process model. It is however imaginable that the same type of process flow can be utilized to construct a business control model for a service based business, as a service can be interpreted as a product as well. In this way, a business control model can be constructed similarly for a service based business as for a physical goods production business, having intangible goods instead of tangible.
 * Next to the low-level physical production process, the high-level business functions need to be defined as well. In most cases the higher level business functions relate to planning functions and other tactical and strategical business functions, followed by functions as sales and purchase.

After high-level detail definitions, the business functions are decomposed to lower-level detail definitions to make the business control model alienable to the lower models within the reference model, for this practice, mainly the Business Process Model. In the Business Process Model the processes are elaborated until the lowest level of detail. Given this level of detail, the Baan software functionality is then projected on the processes, depicted in the Business Process Model.

Business process model
The modeling of processes in DEM, modeling the business process model is done using Petri net building blocks. DEM uses 4 construction elements:

 * State : A state element represents the state of a job token and is followed by the activity that executes the job token of the state.
 * Processing activity : A processing activity is the activity that processes the job token of a state, transforming the state of the job token to another state.
 * Control activity: A control activity navigates the process activity but does not execute it.
 * Sub-process : A sub-process is a collection of different other processes, aggregated in a single element by means of complexity management.

These 4 construction elements enables the modeling of DEM models. The modeling is due to a set collection of modeling constraints, guiding the modeling process in order to have similarly created models by different modelers. Control activities exist in different structures in order to set different possible routes for process flows. The used structures for control activities are:

OR means one of the two starting job tokens can be used or both, XOR means only one of the tokens can be used to create the output job token.
 * OR-split / XOR-split : This structure creates 2 new states out of 1 state, signaling the creation of 2 job tokens out of 1 job token. If the new state can be both of the output tokens, the split is OR, if not, the split is an exclusive OR split (XOR).
 * AND-join construction : 2 job tokens are both needed to enable the control activity, creating 1 new job token (thus 1 new state).
 * OR-join / XOR-join : 2 job tokens are needed to enable the control activity, creating 1 new job token.

An example
The example below demonstrates the modeling of the concept of marriage and divorce using Petri net building blocks.
 * The Petri net built model expresses the transformation from a single man and woman to a married couple through marriage and back to single individuals through divorce.
 * The model starts with the two states called man and woman.
 * Through an AND-join construction (both man and woman are needed in order to form a couple) the two states are joined within the control activity called coupling to the new state called couple.
 * The couple state then is transformed through the processing activity called marriage, resulting in the transformed state of married couple.
 * The state married couple is then transformed to the state divorced couple using the process activity called divorce, resulting in the state called divorced couple.
 * The control activity called decoupling finally splits the divorced couple state into the states of man and woman.

Assessments
Using an embedded method, brings the power that the method is designed to implement the software product that the method comes with. This suggests a less complicated usage of the method and more support possibilities. The negative aspect of an embedded method obviously is that it can only be used for specific product software. Engineers and consultants, operating with several software products, could have more use of a general method, to have just one way of working.

title: Dynamic enterprise modeling


text: Category:Pilgrimage sites

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Pilgrimage sites


text:
King Edward's School, Bath

King Edward's School (KES), in Bath, Somerset, England, is an independent co-educational day school providing education for 1,134 pupils aged 3 to 18. The school is a member of The Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.

The school was established in the 16th century in a city centre site, founded in 1552. In the 1960s it moved to the outskirts onto a multi building site. In addition to the academic curriculum the schools includes drama, music, sport and a combined cadet force.

King Edward's School Bath was judged as "excellent" in every category in the school's 2015 Independent Schools Inspectorate (ISI) report. The report noted that "The school's extra-curricular provision is outstanding", "Achievements outside the curriculum are both numerous and outstanding" and "The quality of the pupils' achievements and learning is excellent".

The school was ranked as one of the top four independent schools in the south west by The Sunday Times Schools Guide, Parent Power Survey based upon 2016 academic results.

History
The school was founded in 1552 under laws set out in the Dissolution of Colleges Act 1545, which had been passed by Henry VIII to use funds from the dissolution of the monasteries to replace monastic grammar schools such as that run by Bath Abbey. The Mayor of Bath and one of the members of parliament for Bath, Edward Ludwell, petitioned Edward VI for land previously owned by the priory, to establish the school, initially in Frog Lane (present-day New Bond St) then outside the city walls, to support ten poor people, which also prevented the crown from selling off the land previously held by the priory. In 1583 the school moved to the disused Church of St Mary by the north gate of the city just within the city walls. The city corporation misappropriated the considerable funds from the land granted under Letters Patent, failing to maintain or improve the school until it was exposed in the Court of Chancery in 1734. Around 1750 a new building was erected for the school in Broad Street.

The secondary school relocated from its site at Broad Street in central Bath in the 1960s to a 14 acre site at North Road in the southeastern edge of the city, previously occupied by St Christopher's Preparatory School. The junior school (7- to 11-year-olds) remained on the Broad Street site until the summer of 1990 (often mis-quoted as 1986, possibly due to errors originally made in an architectural report from the early 2000s and repeated by the local Planning Office) when it transferred to a new building in the North Road school grounds. The old Broad Street site, which was built in 1754 by Thomas Jelly and is a Grade II* Listed building, remains empty. In 1997 an application to turn the building into a public house by Samuel Smith Old Brewery was refused. A scheme for use as a hotel has also been withdrawn. The building remains on the Heritage at Risk Register but work to repair the roof has reduced the risk to the property. Proposals to use it as a temporary shelter for the homeless were rejected in 2018, by the brewery, claiming that work would be "commencing very soon".

In the 1990s, while Peter Winter was Headmaster the school took the steps towards full co-education. In 2005 there were plans to move the 'pre-preparatory' school, located in Weston, Bath, on to the North Road site. However, for a range of reasons it never materialised. In 2008 the school achieved the best examination results of Bath schools for A level and GCSE examination results.

Site
The Senior and Junior School is situated on a 19-acre campus, with views across Bath. The school is made up of several buildings. The main block (Q) is the primary building used for English, Maths, Music, Physics and Chemistry. The science labs in Q block have recently been refurbished. The main block also incorporates the Wroughton Theatre and the Music classrooms. Nethersole House, which was built in the 19th century, now houses the Religious and Philosophical Studies department, Classics, History, Business Studies and Economics and Learning Support, as well as the Headmaster's Study and Reception. The Holbeche Centre is home to the Sixth Form centre, as well as Art, Design & Technology and Photography classrooms, G block and the newly finished L block are nearby. The sports hall at the bottom of the site is used for assemblies, as well as sports. The senior school opened a new building (B Block) in September 2008 which accommodates many of the major departments including Biology, Psychology and I.C.T. The Wessex Building is located to the north of Nethersole House and was opened in 2015 by the Earl of Wessex and holds the Porter Library, Willet dining hall and a conference suite. The school opened its newest sporting facility, an all-weather pitch, in November 2016 by Rio Olympic gold medalist, Crista Cullen. The Rose is a new drama centre with state of the art technology and facilities. It is located at the bottom of the school below the lower entrance. In 2020 the school's newest facility was opened. The L block is a language block purely intended for language purposes that sits between the G block and the Holbeche Centre, it is connected to these two blocks by doors. A temporary building called M block is currently used to teach maths.

Drama and music

The school includes drama and music departments. The drama department puts on a school play each year and recent performances have included Fiddler on the Roof and Pride and Prejudice. There is also a lower school play which is aimed for pupils in years 7 to 9 and regularly has casts of up to 80 pupils which recently included The Wind in the Willows and Disney's Beauty and The Beast. The School has also recently introduced LAMDA exams and taken a show to the Edinburgh Fringe.

In late 2017 the school performed "Pop the Musical", a show written by the school based on a book by author Catherine Bruton, who teaches English at the school.

The Music department currently has over 20 instrumental and choral groups of varying musical styles. The school has partnerships with Bath Abbey and Bath's resident orchestra, Bath Philharmonia Orchestra, with annual concert performances in Bath's historical venues including The Assembly Rooms and the Guildhall.

Every year the Music department organises the KES Musical Festival which includes concerts throughout Bath as well as numerous performances and concerts in the school itself. The Senior Orchestra was also the overall winner for orchestral music in the Mid Somerset Festival in 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012.

Sport

The school has a further 17-acre site at nearby Bathampton, which is home to the school's playing fields and sports pavilion. The major games are rugby, hockey, cricket and netball. Minor sports include athletics, cross-country, tennis, football, rounders, badminton, dance, gymnastics and table tennis. Former England rugby coach Andy Robinson used to teach rugby, physical education and mathematics at the school while he was playing (amateur rugby) for Bath Rugby Club.

In previous years the school had competitive netball squads over a range of school years. In particular, the under 19 squad came third at the national finals in both 2009 and 2010. Alternative sports such as jiu jitsu and squash are also played.

Combined Cadet Force
The school also has a Combined Cadet Force (CCF) which was formerly affiliated with the Light Infantry and is now affiliated to the King's Royal Hussars (Royal Armoured Corps). Having been founded in 1900, King Edward's CCF is one of the oldest CCF contingents in the country. In recent years the CCF has also included cadets from Beechen Cliff School and from 2015 to 2019 it also welcomed pupils from Hayesfield Girl School. Pupils, both girls and boys, may join the CCF from year 9 onwards and enjoy a range of activities each week developing skills which can be put into practice on a number of excursions, including multi-day CCF-run exercises on Army training grounds, as well as Combined Cadet Force and Army Cadet Force-run camps throughout the year, in each March, September, July and November. In 2019 the CCF formed a Corps of Drums, and since then has been taking cadets on ACF and CCF-run music training camps. The Cadet Force is one of the cadet forces which are involved in Bath's annual Remembrance Sunday ceremonies, involving attending the main ceremonial parade and a march through the city streets, which has since 2019 included performance by the Corps of Drums.

International links
King Edward's School and Wagwer School in Kenya are global development partnership schools, part of the Department for International Development (DFID) initiative, which seeks to encourage an understanding and knowledge of the world though exchange visits and joint curricular work. Under the scheme which is sponsored by the British Government teachers from Kenya are able to visit KES and teachers from KES are able to visit Wagwer.

The school also runs exchange programmes with schools in Aix-en-Provence (France), Braunschweig (Germany) and Pamplona (Spain).

The school also produced two Olympians who represented Great Britain for the 2012 London Olympic Games.

Controversy
In 2001, the school made national headlines after 26 pupils were taught the wrong Shakespeare play (Hamlet) in preparation for an A-level examination. The mistake was only realised after the pupils had entered the examination hall. The OCR exam board decided to award their marks according to previous papers and coursework.

In 2002, a 14-year-old girl had to be taken to hospital with alcohol poisoning during a trip to France.

In 2015, former teacher Timothy Snowdon, was jailed for four years for sexual assaults against a pupil that took place in the 1990s.

Notable alumni

 * See also Category:People educated at King Edward's School, Bath

Former pupils of the school are called Old Edwardians and include:
 * Bill Bailey – comedian, musician and actor
 * Peter Chilvers – musician, software designer and Brian Eno collaborator
 * Sebastian Cox – Military Historian
 * General Sir Jack Deverell – Former Commander-in-Chief Northern Europe
 * Adrian Flook – former Conservative MP for Taunton
 * John Glen – Conservative MP for Salisbury
 * Jonathan Green – science fiction and fantasy writer
 * Toby Longworth – Actor
 * Ross Lowis Mangles – Recipient of the Victoria Cross
 * Max Ojomoh – rugby player
 * Sir William Edward Parry – Rear-admiral and Arctic explorer
 * Tom Payne – Actor
 * Norman Pounds – Geographer and historian
 * Sir Ian Prosser – Deputy Chairman of BP
 * Thomas de Quincey – Author and intellectual
 * Chris Rapley – Director of the Science Museum
 * Harold Sleigh – Founder of H.C.Sleigh Shipping Company, & Golden Fleece Petroleum Company, Melbourne, Australia.
 * Henry Thomas (rugby union) – International rugby player
 * Thomas Rosewell – Nonconformist minister accused of high treason
 * Andrew Wakefield – Former surgeon and medical researcher famous for the MMR vaccine controversy

title: King Edward's School, Bath


text:
User:Whodidit

Blocked indefinitely as sockpuppet created for vandalism. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 13:26, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Whodidit


text:
List of Armenian Catholic patriarchs of Cilicia

This is a list of Catholicos Patriarchs of Cilicia of Armenian Catholics. The Armenian Catholic Patriarchate of Cilicia was established in 1740 following a schism within the Armenian Patriarchate based in Cilicia and was recognized by the Pope on 26 November 1742. The Catholicos-Patriarch is the head of the Armenian Catholic Church, one of the Eastern Catholic Churches in full communion with the Holy See and therefore part of the broader Catholic Church.

Armenian Catholic catholicos patriarchs of Cilicia
(in parentheses in Armenian language using classical Armenian spelling)

 * Abraham Petros I Ardzivian (1740–1749) (Աբրահամ Պետրոս Ա. Արծիւեան)
 * Hagop Petros II Hovsepian (1749–1753) (Յակոբ Պետրոս Բ. Յովսէփեան)
 * Michael Petros III Kasparian (1753–1780) (Միքայէլ Պետրոս Գ. Գասպարեան)
 * Parsegh Petros IV Avkadian (1780–1788) (Բարսեղ Պետրոս Դ. Աւգատեան)
 * Gregory Petros V Kupelian (1788–1812) (Գրիգոր Պետրոս Ե. Քիւբելեան)
 * Gregory Petros VI Djeranian (1815–1841) (Գրիգոր Պետրոս Զ. Ճերանեան)
 * Jacob Petros VII Holassian (1841–1843) (Յակոբ Պետրոս Է. Հոլասեան)
 * Gregory Petros VIII Derasdvazadourian (1844–1866) (Գրիգոր Պետրոս Ը. Տէր Աստուածատուրեան)
 * Anthony Petros IX Hassun (1866–1881) (ԱՆտոն Պետրոս Թ. Հասունեան)
 * Jacob Pahtiarian (anti-patriarch) c. (1871–) (Յակոբ հակաթոռ)
 * Stephen Petros X Azarian (1881–1899) (Ստեփանոս Պետրոս Ժ. Ազարեան)
 * Paul Petros XI Emmanuelian (1899–1904) (Պօղոս Պետրոս ԺԱ Էմմանուէլեան)
 * Paul Petros XII Sabbaghian (1904–1910) (Պօղոս Պետրոս ԺԲ. Սապպաղեան)
 * Paul Petros XIII Terzian (1910–1931) (Պօղոս Պետրոս ԺԳ. Թերզեան)
 * Avedis Petros XIV Arpiarian (1931–1937) (Աւետիս Պետրոս ԺԴ. Արփիարեան)
 * Gregory Petros XV Agagianian (1937–1962) (Գրիգոր Պետրոս ԺԵ. Աղաճանեան)
 * Ignatius Petros XVI Batanian (1962–1976) (Իգնատիոս Պետրոս ԺԶ Պաթանեան)
 * Hemaiag Petros XVII Ghedighian (1976–1982) (Հմայեակ Պետրոս ԺԷ. Կետիկեան)
 * John Petros XVIII Kasparian (1982–1999) (Յովաննէս Պետրոս ԺԸ. Գասպարեան)
 * Nerses Petros XIX Tarmouni (1999–2015) (Ներսէս Պետրոս ԺԹ. Թարմունի)
 * Krikor Petros XX Gabroyan (2015–2021) (Գրիգոր Պետրոս Ի. Կապրոյեան)
 * Raphaël Bedros XXI Minassian (since 2021) (Ռաֆայել Պետրոս ԻԱ. Մինասեան)


text: Category:International E-road network

title: Category:International E-road network


text:
Talk:Livorno

Who's the genius?
Who's the genius who stated that Livorno is the second largest port in the western coast of Italy (Genova and La Spezia to the north, and Civitavecchia and Napoli to the south are either larger or equal)? But, MORE IMPORTANTLY, who wrote that from Livorno "cruise ships depart to Florence and to Umbria"? Florence is 30 miles inland and the region of Umbria is totally landlocked by at least 100 miles! Come on guys, look at the map. I deleted both because they were risible.

Friendly fire...

 * I just read in the article that Livorno "received moderate damage" during WWII. I don't think it is correct. I'd like to note that over 800 civilians died under the 116 bombings (the first on may 28th 1943) by the allied forces  and 70% of the buildings were severly damaged (over 20% totally destroyed).  Greetings, from Livorno  Shezarainbow 16:27, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Friendly fire...2
I completely agree with the above post. Livorno has been one of the most damaged cities during the WWII bombings. I thinks there should be a clear paragraph or phrase about this.(Madmats (talk) 00:54, 1 November 2009 (UTC))

Leghorn as former English name
(or, more correctly)

Leghorn as English name
Leghorn is shown as the archaic English name for Livorno in this article. Roughly when did speakers of English move away from using Leghorn? Thanks! LewPot  T   22:05, 6 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I believe we should continue to use Leghorn, and move back from Livorno. Iain 21:08, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia uses whatever is the WP:COMMONNAME in WP:ENGLISH - which these days would be Livorno IME. Incidentally, my Shorter OED dates the derivation of Leghorn from Legorno (Genoese name?) to the 16-17th century. It certainly "feels" more archaic than say using Peking for Beijing, I suspect WWII saw a change? FlagSteward (talk) 18:39, 12 May 2008 (UTC)
 * The US military still uses Leghorn, as far as I can tell. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 04:34, 20 July 2008 (UTC)
 * The Oxford Dictionary of the World, OUP, 1995, uses Leghorn, and in my experience this remains the normal English name. DuncanHill (talk) 22:12, 17 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Leghorn is now considered antiquated. As a port it is internatiopnally referred to as Livorno. I think you will have problems booking a sea passage to Leghorn in this day and age.  Giacomo   12:24, 18 May 2010 (UTC)
 * PS: I don't like the google test, but it's interesting to note that "sail to Leghorn" gets 62,000 results (which at a glance appear to be historical) while "sail to Livorno" gets 131,000 results mostly modern. As I say that doesn't prove anything, but Leghorn really is old fashioned.  Giacomo   12:29, 18 May 2010 (UTC)
 * The Comune di Livorno calls it Leghorn in its English-language webpages, eg DuncanHill (talk) 12:45, 18 May 2010 (UTC)

 * There maybe a US/UK difference here; I have never heard it described in a modern context as "Leghorn", which I am not even sure how to pronounce. Someone has now come along & moved it without discussion, which I will try to get reversed. Johnbod (talk) 19:35, 22 December 2011 (UTC)
 * OttomanJackson made a bold move, but in his edit he provided a rationale for it which to me is fair enough for now. I am English, and Italian was one of the languages I learnt at school, when no distinction was made between the use of Rome, Milan, Florence, etc. and Leghorn. I have always heard the city called "Leghorn" among more educated English people, while "Livorno" is used by (erm) general travel agents and so forth. My personal view probably does not cut much mustard, but I think we should have a presumption in favour of "Leghorn" until the anti-exonym brigade has made its case in terms of policy & so forth. Moonraker (talk) 19:51, 22 December 2011 (UTC)

English settlement
There should be something here about the English speaking population - I believe there is an english cemetery. Gustav von Humpelschmumpel 13:59, 21 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Indeed. There are 2 english cemetery. "Cimitero Inglese" in "Via Verdi" is the oldest; the one in "Via Pera" is the other. Some famous people (but not too much) are buried in these cemetery.   15:15, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

leghorn is not in Tyrrhenian Sea
Leghorn is not in Tyrrhenian Sea as many of leghorn and italy people think but in ligurian sea. You can easyly can find confirm of this fact in some official italian site of geography. Sorry if my english isn't perfect. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.18.206.59 (talk) 12:11, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

I was trying to establish this for a translation I am doing. In fact, if you check the International Hydrographic Organization document referred to on the Ligurian Sea page in Wikepedia, it does confirm that Livorno/Leghorn is on the Tyrrhenian sea and not the Ligurian. However, things may have changed since the fifties. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.13.59.197 (talk) 09:44, 5 April 2011 (UTC)

NOTE: Both are righteous,, as the Ligurian sea is a section of the larger Tyrrhenian sea, which goes from the border with France, all the way down to Sicily, and back up around the east coasts of Sardinia and Corsica. Not an entity on its own.

Pronunciation of Leghorn
The IPA pronunciation given for Leghorn looked very wrong to me, and I have corrected it according to the entry for Leghorn in the Oxford Dictionary of the World, OUP, 1995. DuncanHill (talk) 22:14, 17 May 2010 (UTC)

Lesser Leghorns
I note that "Leghorn" redirects here, but also has a link to the breed of chicken, probably best known as the model for cartoon character Foghorn Leghorn. Leghorn is also, however, a term for fine plaited straw and (by extension) hats made of such; I'm wondering if: (a) that doesn't deserve some kind of reference; (b) it's best to let it fade away into the mists of textiles/millinery; or (c) it should be left to Wiktionary if resurrected at all. What say others? — Paper  Truths ( Talk ) 01:08, 26 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Never mind, I found where that would go in "Culture", alongside the chicken bit. — Paper  Truths ( Talk ) 01:10, 26 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes, I seem to recall that Cobbett had a plan for English countrywomen to manufacture the bonnets. I don’t know where our article is though. Ian Spackman (talk) 20:34, 25 December 2011 (UTC)

Why is there a pictue of Venice in this article
Venice is not even in the same region as Livorno. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.232.214.102 (talk) 00:12, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * That's a picture of the distretto di Venezia of Livorno. 86.28.121.200 (talk) 11:40, 5 June 2011 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved. It has been convincingly argued that the most commonly used form in modern English is Livorno. With all due respect to the Shelleys (and the chicken for that matter), this is what matters the most. Favonian (talk) 22:31, 29 December 2011 (UTC)

Livorno → Leghorn (city) – A move to the archaic English name was made without discussion. I've moved it back, and make this request (which I do not support) so that it can be discussed and consensus reached. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 22:05, 22 December 2011 (UTC)
 * (edit conflict) Oppose. The old English name has fallen from common use. For what it is worth, Google Books gives 40 hits for "city of leghorn" -chicken -hen -layer -livorno in the 21st century, and 110 for "city of livorno" -chicken -hen -layer -leghorn. Broadening the search to "Everything" gives an estimated 6120 hits for the former and an estimated 110,000 for the latter. Of course, this is from Google, so your mileage may vary. As for the solitary National Geographic example: my Times Concise Atlas of the World is not recent (1979 printing of the 1972 edition), but shows the city name as Livorno, with Leghorn in small type and parentheses below. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 22:52, 22 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose per my comments in the section above (and thanks for moving it back). Johnbod (talk) 22:44, 22 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Support Per my comments when I moved it and these comments by other users:
 * On 19:51, December 22, 2011 (UTC), Moonraker (talk) said"*OttomanJackson made a bold move, but in his edit he provided a rationale for it which to me is fair enough for now. I am English, and Italian was one of the languages I learnt at school, when no distinction was made between the use of Rome, Milan, Florence, etc. and Leghorn. I have always heard the city called "Leghorn" among more educated English people, while "Livorno" is used by (erm) general travel agents and so forth. My personal view probably does not cut much mustard, but I think we should have a presumption in favour of "Leghorn" until the anti-exonym brigade has made its case in terms of policy & so forth."
 * On 12:45, May 18, 2010 (UTC) DuncanHill (talk) said, "The Oxford Dictionary of the World, OUP, 1995, uses Leghorn, and in my experience this remains the normal English name."
 * On 04:34, July 20, 2008 (UTC), jpgordon (talk), said "The US military still uses Leghorn, as far as I can tell."
 * On 21:08, May 29, 2007 (UTC),Iain (talk) said, "I believe we should continue to use Leghorn, and move back from Livorno."

These comments show that many Wikipedia Users are in favor of Leghorn. Also, the cartoon character is named Foghorn Leghorn, not Foghorn Livorno. The chicken is still called a Leghorn, not a Livorno. I also hear (I live in the US) Leghorn a lot more than Livorno. OttomanJackson (talk)
 * Note you did not quote the several comments above arguing the other way. Are you serious about the chicken? Johnbod (talk) 03:01, 23 December 2011 (UTC)
 * I don't believe anyone is disputing the name of the chicken breed. I hope no-one is suggesting on the other hand that we should use for cities the names of things that derive from the real names of those cities? Damask for the capital of Syria, Jeans instead of Genoa? I think not. By the way, what someone hears people say, either in the US or by English people, is just that, hearsay; Wikipedia doesn't make use of hearsay, preferring reliable sources. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 11:15, 23 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Oppose. "Livorno" is the most acceptable modern English name, in these days of free international and intercultural exchange. Selected sources might be adduced that favour "Leghorn", but they are against the trend. That trend also has us using "Beijing" rather than "Peking"; and while there some hold-outs, they are typically only names of really well-known cities like Moscow, Athens, Jerusalem, Naples, Munich, etc. These retain anglicised names; but more obscure cities and towns do not. N oetica Tea? 04:31, 23 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Noetica I think we should rename Beijing Peking. Peking is still the English name for the city. I always call it Peking, never Beijing. We should use English names.

Anglophones (English-speakers) say " I went on vacation in Germany" instead of "I went on Urlaub in Deutschland". We should use English names on English Wikipedia (Peking, Leghorn, Nanking), not foreign names (Běijīng, Livorno, Nánjīng). OttomanJackson (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 16:20, 23 December 2011 (UTC).
 * But would an anglophone speaker say they are going to Peking over going to Beijing? There is no question that Germany is better know to English speakers than Deutschland but that does not prove that Leghorn is better know than Livorno.--70.24.207.225 (talk) 19:42, 23 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Only when they are still current, as many historic English names are not, including some in England itself (Sarum). Do you still use Constantinople, Smyrna, Adrianople etc? And that's before you get into different pronunciations (Lyons as "Lions", Milan as "Millan" etc) Johnbod (talk) 20:01, 23 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Argument by parallel to other names might be appropriate if we were working in a language that was orderly and consistent, with standardised rules for dealing with such issues. But English is not such a language (cf mouse/mice vs house/houses, rough/cough/through/though, and countless other special cases that cause grief to ESLers and some EFLers). As for Peking/Beijing, both are anglicisations of the same Chinese name. Both have seen use in the English language; once upon a time "Peking" was common and now "Beijing" dominates as a place name. There's nothing about "Peking" that makes it more English than "Beijing"; it's just an older usage, and we have no policy that favours older usages. Oppose. --GenericBob (talk) 06:33, 24 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Oppose per modern practice in English-language reference works. While Webster's Collegiate still prefers "Leghorn", American Heritage, Britannica, Collins, Columbia, Encarta, Random House and Webster's Geographical use "Livorno". Prolog (talk) 22:21, 23 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Weak oppose -- I think we should use the local spelling of names, except perhaps in the most notable cases where there is an English version of the name: Rome, Venice, Florence, Naples, Brussels, Lisbon, Moscow, Warsaw are still in common English usage, but Leghorn is no longer important to English-speakers as a port in hte way that it was a few hundred years ago. However a redirect should be retained, or a hatnote to the poultry article, which seems to bew the primary usage today.  Peterkingiron (talk) 14:59, 25 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Support It was good enough for the Shelleys, and I have never been convinced that their usage has died out, or become a minority one. (But I don’t mind that much.) Ian Spackman (talk) 20:45, 25 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Considering that Mary Shelly has been dead for 160 years that source will likely be considered highly outdated. Do you have some more modern sources calling the city Leghorn?--70.24.207.225 (talk) 19:33, 28 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Well Denis Mack Smith is still with us, I think. Expert on Italy. Writes decent English. Tends to prefer Leghorn. Ian Spackman (talk) 01:21, 29 December 2011 (UTC)
 * A well-regarded historian, I believe. Has he written much about the 21st century? May I try to clarify: no-one here has suggested that Leghorn was not the common usage in Shelley's time; no-one has suggested that the chicken breed is called anything but Leghorn in English; no-one has suggested that the Battle of Leghorn is not so called; and no-one has produced anything resembling evidence that Leghorn is the common usage in English today. A quick look at the Google books search for Leghorn that I linked above shows that a good number of the hits are in fact for books that deal with or cite older texts. I personally do not dispute the existence of the archaism, but oppose its continuance here. Oh, I would expect a competent historian to avoid anachronism where possible, to avoid referring to Octavian as Augustus before 27 BC and so on. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 13:27, 29 December 2011 (UTC)

 * OpposeIn the 21st century it is known as Livorno - Wikipedia has no reason to act differently. Giacomo Returned 13:26, 26 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Strongly support as per Naming conventions (use English), Leghorn is the correct English exonym like Milan, Genoa, Turin, Rome, Naples, Florence, Venice etc. instead the Italian endonym!!! ...and in order to be clear, Beijing is the pinyin transliteration without diacritics (Běijīng) from 北京 so it is Chinese not English, e.g. Москва́, tr. Moskva -> in English is Moscow; Peking is the correct English exonym not the previous romanization as wrongly reported on article's overture wich, in Wade-Giles is Pei-ching! --Nickel Chromo (talk) 20:18, 28 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Except that Naming conventions (use English) does not say "use English exonyms regardless of their currency", but rather "use the version of the name of the subject which is most common in the English language, as you would find it in reliable sources" and "[w]here there is an English word, or exonym, for the subject but a native version is more common in English-language usage, the English name should be mentioned but should not be used as the article title". The searches I have cited above use Google, which I think we can all agree is a gravely flawed instrument. If you can show that they are wrong and, by that or some other means, that Leghorn is in fact the common usage in modern English, please do so. But merely stating it will not make it so. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 13:27, 29 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Sorry but Google is not a source. --Nickel Chromo (talk) 22:21, 29 December 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

 * Support --MedMont (talk) 22:39, 29 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Its too late--70.24.207.225 (talk) 08:18, 30 December 2011 (UTC)

Leghorn (again)
I know the result of the move debate was not to move the article to Leghorn, but according to Google Ngrams, Leghorn is still more common.

http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Leghorn%2CLivorno&year_start=1776&year_end=2008&corpus=0&smoothing=2

OttomanJackson (talk) 00:10, 26 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Yep, you can prove anything with faulty statistics. Looks like you forgot to exclude the chicken breed, the cartoon character, the battle etc. Try something like this instead. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 00:29, 26 January 2012 (UTC)

Culture
I MEAN!!: Culture: the left political party, and chickens!!! Is there anything else cultural in Livorno?!?! Who the devil wrote this section?!? I mean!!! --Simoneschiaffino (talk) 22:28, 13 September 2012 (UTC)

Etymology
I came here to find out the origin of the name Leghorn/Livorno. Didn't find it. :-(  Correctrix (talk) 20:42, 27 November 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150626154143/http://www.cultura.toscana.it/ius/ns-cultura/?MIval=mu_seconda&TOPO=148&PROV=LIVORNO to http://www.cultura.toscana.it/ius/ns-cultura/?MIval=mu_seconda&TOPO=148&PROV=LIVORNO

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150622200946/http://www.wass.it/en/azienda-company to http://www.wass.it/en/azienda-company
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Al-hambra laws
Surely the article should say that Jews started arriving in the late 15th century, not 16th, as this law was passed in 1492, no? - Eponymous-Archon (talk) 07:50, 3 November 2019 (UTC)
 * As far as I know, the building of a Jewish presence in Livorno is connected not to the expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492, which is what I believe you are referring to, but to the explicit commerce rights that were granted to them by the Medici Duke in power at the end of the 16th century, I will get his name/link directly in a little while. warshy (¥¥) 19:13, 3 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks. That would make sense, given the time period provided. Looking forward to the resolution. - Eponymous-Archon (talk) 19:17, 3 November 2019 (UTC)

Thanks. I was referring to Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, who granted special rights to Jewish merchants in 1593. However, the article is referring to the Alhambra Decree of expulsion from Spain in 1492, and so the sentence as it is is indeed too simple and misleading in true historical terms. It would have to be rewritten to say that Jewish immigration to Livorno may have started after 1492, but it really gained historical and economic momentum with Ferdinando de Medici's decree... I am at the moment, just marking this as a "to do" task in Wikipedia, whenever I can get to it... Thank you for pointing out this problem. warshy (¥¥) 20:07, 3 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Livorno


text: User talk:209.92.76.43

title: User talk:209.92.76.43


text:
Francis Seow

Francis Seow, born Seow Tiang Siew (11 October 1928 – 21 January 2016), was a Singaporean lawyer who was Solicitor-General of Singapore and later the President of the Law Society of Singapore.

Seow started his legal career in 1956 in the Singapore Legal Service, becoming Solicitor-General in 1969 before entering private practice in 1972. During his legal career, he was known for having both prosecuted and defended murderers such as Sunny Ang, Mimi Wong and Tan Mui Choo. After he was elected president of the Law Society of Singapore in 1986, he had a falling-out with Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew over the Law Society's role in commenting on legislation.

In the 1988 general election, Seow contested in Eunos GRC as a candidate of the opposition Workers' Party, against the governing People's Action Party. He lost with 49.11% of the vote. Before the election, Seow he been detained for 72 days without trial under the Internal Security Act. After being accused of tax evasion, Seow left for the United States for health treatment, subsequently disregarding numerous court summons to return to Singapore to stand trial. He was eventually convicted in absentia. Called a "prisoner of conscience" by Amnesty International in 2007, Seow was a frequent speaker at university talks outside of Singapore.

Legal career
Seow was born in 1928 in Singapore and educated at Saint Joseph's Institution before he read law at the Middle Temple and became a qualified lawyer. He joined the Singapore Legal Service in 1956 as a prosecutor and rose through the ranks to become the Solicitor-General in 1969, a position he held until 1971. Seow led a Commission of Inquiry in the Secondary IV examination boycott by Chinese students in 1963. For his work, Seow was awarded the Public Administration Medal (Gold). During his time as a prosecutor, Seow prosecuted multiple notorious murderers and sent them to the gallows, including Sunny Ang, Mimi Wong, and 18 of the prisoners involved in the Pulau Senang prison riot.

Seow eventually left the Singapore Legal Service and entered private practice in 1972. In 1985, he defended Tan Mui Choo, one of the three murderers in the Toa Payoh ritual murders. Tan was eventually executed after an unsuccessful appeal against her conviction and death sentence.

In 1973, Seow was suspended from law practice for 12 months by Chief Justice Wee Chong Jin for breaching an undertaking given on behalf of his junior law partner to Attorney-General Tan Boon Teik. Nevertheless, he was later elected as a council member of the Law Society of Singapore in 1976 and became President of the Law Society in 1986.

Seow's new appointment as President of the Law Society led to a falling-out with Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew after he became embroiled in the politics surrounding the role of the Law Society. Seow had envisaged a restoration of the role of the Law Society to comment on legislation that the government churned out without any meaningful parliamentary debate, to which Lee took special exception. As a result, Lee caused special legislation to be passed that deprived the Law Society of any power to comment on legislation unless specifically asked to by the government.

Political career
Seow stood for the 1988 general election as a candidate of the opposition Workers' Party team contesting in Eunos Group Representation Constituency against the ruling People's Action Party (PAP). However, his team managed to secure 49.11% of valid votes and lost marginally to the PAP.

Just before the election, on 6 May 1988, Seow was detained without trial under the Internal Security Act for 72 days. He was accused of having received political campaign finance from the United States to promote democracy in Singapore. According to his account, he was subjected to torture, including sleep deprivation and intensely cold air conditioning. Later, while awaiting trial for alleged tax evasion, he left for the United States for health treatment and disregarded numerous court summons to return to stand trial. Subsequently, he was convicted in absentia.

On 8 October 2011, Seow and Tang Fong Har publicly addressed a Singapore Democratic Party forum via teleconferencing. The Singapore Police Force investigated the legality of the event on the following day.

Personal life
While living in exile, Seow spoke at events organised by student societies in universities outside of Singapore. In a 1989 interview in London, Seow told The Sunday Times that he would return to Singapore to face tax evasion charges.

On 16 October 2007, Amnesty International issued a public statement mentioning Seow as one of two prominent Singaporean lawyers who were penalised for exercising their right to express their opinions. Amnesty International also called him a "prisoner of conscience."

Death
Seow died in Boston on 21 January 2016 at the age of 87. Chee Soon Juan, the secretary-general of the Singapore Democratic Party, announced the news of Seow's death on his Facebook page. Seow was survived by two sons, and two daughters. His wife, Rauni Marjatta Kivilaakso, died in 1988 after a long battle with cancer.

Writings
In his semi-autobiography, To Catch a Tartar: A Dissident in Lee Kuan Yew's Prison, Seow wrote about his career in the Singapore Legal Service, opposition politics and his personal experience of being detained by the Internal Security Department. He also accuses the Singapore government of authoritarianism and human rights abuse under Lee Kuan Yew's administration. The book also contains a foreword by Devan Nair, the third President of Singapore, equally critical of the Singaporean government. Seow also wrote another book, The Media Enthralled, which describes how he believes the Singapore government undermined freedom of the media and turned the media into pro-government mouthpieces. He is also the author of ''Beyond Suspicion? – The Singapore Judiciary'' that explores key cases in which the Singapore judiciary has bowed to political pressure.

title: Francis Seow


text:
Ovar

Ovar ( or ) is a city and a municipality in Aveiro District, Baixo Vouga Subregion in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 55,398, in an area of 147.70 km2. It had 42,582 eligible voters (2006). The municipality includes two cities: Ovar (16,849 inhabitants in 2001) and Esmoriz (11,020 inhabitants in 2001).

The present Mayor is Salvador Malheiro, elected by the Portuguese Social Democratic Party. The municipal holiday is July 25.

Ovar is home to the football team A.D. Ovarense who play at the Estádio Marques da Silva. The main beach area is Furadouro, and Ovar is located in the northern point of the Ria de Aveiro (Aveiro Lagoon)

Cities and towns
There are two cities and three towns in the municipality.
 * Esmoriz (city)
 * Ovar (city)
 * Cortegaça (town)
 * São João (town)
 * Válega (town)

Parishes
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 5 civil parishes (freguesias):
 * Cortegaça
 * Esmoriz
 * Maceda
 * Ovar, São João, Arada e São Vicente de Pereira
 * Válega

Notable people

 * Santa Camarão (1902–1968) a Portuguese boxer who was 2.02 m (6 ft 8ins) tall.
 * Luís Filipe Menezes (born 1953) a Portuguese politician.
 * Miguel Bruno (born 1971) a former Portuguese professional footballer with 286 club caps
 * Clarisse Cruz (born 1978) a Portuguese 3000 metres steeplechase runner, competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics
 * Edgar Sá (born 1979) a Portuguese retired footballer with 510 club caps
 * Roberto Reis (born 1980) a Portuguese volleyball player

title: Ovar


text:
Gerundive

In Latin grammar, a gerundive is a verb form that functions as a verbal adjective.

In Classical Latin, the gerundive has the same form as the gerund, but is distinct from the present active participle. In Late Latin, the differences were largely lost, resulting in a form derived from the gerund or gerundive but functioning more like a participle. The adjectival gerundive form survives in the formation of progressive aspect forms in Italian, Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese and some southern/insular dialects of European Portuguese. In French the adjectival gerundive and participle forms merged completely, and the term gérondif is used for adverbial use of -ant forms.

There is no true equivalent to the gerundive in English, but it can be interpreted as a future passive participle, used adjectivally or adverbially; the closest translation is a passive to-infinitive non-finite clause such as books to be read. That reflects the most common use of the Latin gerundive, to combine a transitive verb (such as read) and its object (such as books), usually with a sense of obligation. Another translation is the recent development of the must- prefix as in a must-read book.

Form
The Latin gerundive is a form of the verb. It is composed of: For example: Related gerund forms are composed in a similar way with nominal inflexional endings.
 * the infectum stem (the stem used to form Present and Imperfect tense forms)
 * a vowel appropriate to the verb class or conjugation of the verb
 * the suffix -nd-
 * an adjectival Inflectional ending

Meaning and use
In principle, the gerundive could express a wide range of meaning relationships: 'capable of', 'prone to', 'ripe for' (killing, dying, rising, rolling etc.). Some gerundives have much the same meaning as present participles: secundus 'following'; oriundus 'arising, descended from'; volvendus 'rolling'. Originally it could express active or passive meaning, and therefore could be used with verbs in intransitive as well as transitive use. However, the great majority of gerundive forms were used with passive meaning of transitive verbs.

The gerundive could be used as either a predicative or an attributive adjective. However, attributive use was rare, largely confined to verbs expressing approval or disapproval. The predicative use invited a secondary meaning of obligation (a meaning not shared with the gerund). Thus: This sense of obligation with passive meaning is by far the most common use of the gerundive. Thus it has been equated with a future passive participle.

A neuter form without a noun may function as an impersonal expression, for example: addendum 'something to be added';  referendum 'something to be referred back'. These are not gerund forms; the -um form of the gerund is used only after prepositions. The plural forms without nouns such as agenda 'things to be done' are also adjectival gerundives; the gerund has no plural form.

For details of the formation and usage of the Latin gerundive, see and.

Gerundive expressions widely quoted or adopted in English

 * Cato the Elder, a Roman senator, frequently ended his speeches with the statement Ceterum censeo Carthaginem delendam esse ("I also think Carthage to be [something] that must be destroyed", i.e. "Besides which, I think Carthage must be destroyed").
 * nunc est bibendum (Horace, Odes, 1.37) "now it is necessary to drink!", in other words, it's time to celebrate.
 * Mutatis mutandis, "changing [only] those things which need to be changed" or more simply "[only] the necessary changes having been made".
 * A gerundive appears in the phrase quod erat demonstrandum ("which was to be demonstrated"), whose abbreviated form Q.E.D. is often used after the final conclusion of a proof.
 * The motto Nil desperandum 'Nothing is to be despaired at' i.e. 'Never despair'. Based on this the cod Latin Nil illegitimis carborundum 'Don't let the bastards grind you down'.
 * The name Amanda is the feminine gerundive of amare ("to love"), and thus means roughly "[she who is] to be loved", "worthy of being loved", "worthy of love", or simply "lovable". Similarly with the name Miranda; mirari means "to admire", so the name means "[she who is] to be admired", "worthy of admiration", or "admirable".
 * A number of English words come from Latin gerundives. For example, addendum comes from the gerundive of addere ("to add"), and so means something that must be added; referendum comes from the gerundive of referre ("to bring back" [to the people]); agenda comes from the neuter plural of agendus, the gerundive of agere "to do", and so means things that must be done; reverend comes from the gerundive reverendus, and refers to a person who should be revered; propaganda comes from a Neo-Latin phrase containing a feminine form of propagandus, the gerundive of propagare ("to propagate"), so that propaganda was originally something that should be propagated; legend in Latin is legenda, which originally meant things you should read, (from legere "to read") but became a (fem. sing.) word in its own right in medieval times; a dividend is something to be divided [among shareholders].
 * The expression de gustibus non est disputandum ("matters of taste should not be debated").

Later developments
In Late Latin, the distinction between gerundive and future participle was sometimes lost. So, gerundive moriendi is found for morituri 'about to die'. Conversely, future participles recepturus and scripturus are found for recipiendus and scribendus/scribundus. More regularly, the gerundive came to be used as a future passive participle. Ultimately the gerundive in the nominative case came to substitute for the present participle.

Other languages
The term is occasionally used in descriptions of English grammar, to denote the present participle used adjectivally or adverbially e.g. 'take a running jump'. That form, ending in -ing, is identical to that of the English gerund, but it is generally called a gerund when it is used as a noun, not as an adjective or adverb e.g. 'running burns more calories than walking'.

In Old Irish, a form known in the literature as the verbal of necessity is used as the predicate of the copula in the function of the Latin gerundive, e.g. inna hí atá adamraigthi "the things that are to be admired".

The term gerundive may be used in grammars and dictionaries of Pali, for example the Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary of 1921–25. It is referred to by some other writers as the participle of necessity, the potential participle or the future passive participle. It is used with the same meaning as the Latin gerundive.

In the east African Semitic language Tigrinya, gerundive is used to denote a particular finite verb form, not a verbal adjective or adverb. Generally, it denotes completed action that is still relevant. A verb in the gerundive can be used alone or serially with another gerundive verb. In the latter case, it may sometimes be translated with an adverbial clause: bitri hidju kheydu (literally, "a-stick he-took-hold-of he-began-walking") means "while holding a stick, he is walking", i.e. "he is carrying a stick".

title: Gerundive


text:
Harm

Harm is a moral and legal concept with multiple definitions. It generally functions as a synonym for evil or anything that is bad under certain moral systems. Something that causes harm is harmful, and something that does not is harmless.

Philosophical construction
Moral philosopher Bernard Gert construed harm (or "evil") as any of the following:
 * pain
 * death
 * disability
 * mortality
 * loss of ability or freedom
 * loss of pleasure.

Joel Feinberg gives an account of harm as setbacks to interests. He distinguishes welfare interests from ulterior interests. Hence on his view there are two kinds of harm.

Welfare interests are

"interests in the continuance for a foreseeable interval of one's life, and the interests in one's own physical health and vigor, the integrity and normal functioning of one's body, the absence of absorbing pain and suffering or grotesque disfigurement, minimal intellectual acuity, emotional stability, the absence of groundless anxieties and resentments, the capacity to engage normally in social intercourse and to enjoy and maintain friendships, at least minimal income and financial security, a tolerable social and physical environment, and a certain amount of freedom from interference and coercion."

Ulterior interests are "a person's more ultimate goals and aspirations", such as "producing good novels or works of art, solving a crucial scientific problem, achieving high political office, successfully raising a family".

Many philosophers have proposed variations of moral obligations to avoid causing harm, or have promoted harmlessness as a virtue, and ethical frameworks have been developed considering harmlessness as a principle in decision-making and social interactions. The phrase, "do no harm" (in Latin "Primum non nocere"), is a popular medical ethic. According to Gonzalo Herranz, Professor of Medical Ethics at the University of Navarre, Primum non nocere was introduced into American and British medical culture by Worthington Hooker in his 1847 book Physician and Patient. Hooker attributed it to the Parisian pathologist and clinician Auguste François Chomel (1788–1858), the successor of Laennec in the chair of medical pathology, and the preceptor of Pierre Louis. Apparently, the axiom was part of Chomel's oral teaching. Hooker, however, was quoting an earlier work by Elisha Bartlett who, on pages 288–289, says "The golden axiom of Chomel, that it is only the second law of therapeutics to do good, its first law being this – not to do harm – is gradually finding its way into the medical mind, preventing an incalculable amount of positive ill". A detailed investigation of the origins of the aphorism was reported by the clinical pharmacologist Cedric M. Smith in the April 2005 issue of The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. It addresses the questions of the origin and chronology of appearance of the maxim. Rather than being of ancient origin as usually assumed, the specific expression, and its even more distinctive associated Latin phrase, has been traced back to an attribution to Thomas Sydenham (1624–1689) in a book by Thomas Inman (1860), Foundation for a New Theory and Practice of Medicine. Inman's book and his attribution were reviewed by an author who signed simply as "H. H." in The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, also in 1860.

Medical classifications
In the UK, harm is classified in a medical context as "severe", "moderate" or "mild". Severe harm is associated with resulting permanent disability, whereas mild and moderate harm can be resolved over a period of time. Medical reporting duties and the statutory duty of candour are associated with moderate and severe harm and also with "prolonged psychological harm".

Harm reduction
Harm reduction, or harm minimization, refers to a range of intentional practices and public health policies designed to lessen the negative social and/or physical consequences associated with various human behaviors, both legal and illegal. Harm reduction is used to decrease negative consequences of recreational drug use and sexual activity without requiring abstinence, recognizing that those unable or unwilling to stop can still make positive change to protect themselves and others. Harm reduction is most commonly applied to approaches that reduce adverse consequences from drug use, and harm reduction programs now operate across a range of services and in different regions of the world. As of 2020, some 86 countries had one or more programs using a harm reduction approach to substance use, primarily aimed at reducing blood-borne infections resulting from use of contaminated injecting equipment.

Other

 * AGM-88 HARM (Tactical air-to-surface anti-radiation missile)

title: Harm


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User talk:E=MC2

Hi! I'm E=MC2, and am a fanatic of you-know-who [Albert].$$E=MC2$$ I'm a Singaporean student who studies in Raffles Institution, founded in 1823.

Of course, this page has not been really uploaded, and i plan to do it after my CT1.

title: User talk:E=MC2


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Oliveira do Bairro

Oliveira do Bairro is a town and a municipality in the district of Aveiro in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 47,729, in an area of 335.27 km2. It had 16,994 eligible voters in 2006. The town itself had a population of 3,077 in 2001.

The municipality is in the Bairrada area. The present Mayor is Duarte Novo. The municipal holiday is Ascension Day.

Parishes
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 4 civil parishes (freguesias):
 * Bustos, Troviscal e Mamarrosa
 * Oiã
 * Oliveira do Bairro
 * Palhaça

Cultural institutions

 * União Filarmónica do Troviscal, Troviscal - Aveiro, conducted by André Granjo

Twinning cities
Oliveira do Bairro is twinned with two cities:

 * Benguela, Angola and
 * 🇫🇷 Lamballe, France

Notable people

 * Ilda Figueiredo (born 1948 in Troviscal, Oliveira do Bairro) a Portuguese politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Portuguese Communist Party
 * João Tomás (born 1975) a Portuguese retired footballer with 378 club caps and 4 for Portugal

title: Oliveira do Bairro


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Talk:Sustained silent reading

Untitled
To add a bit more content to this article, may I ask the following questions?

What are the drawbacks of such a program? Why is it criticized? Why would the NRP challenged it? What are the NRP's recommendations? Could this program work in other areas beside reading? Could this program work in other settings beside the classroom? What are the characteristics of unsuccessful SSR programs?

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 20 August 2021 and 11 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Mmcco22.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 10:32, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Possible Typo, Controversy
While I was adding a pop culture reference, I noticed the word "ecurriculum." Is this a typo, or does it refer to students working over the Internet? (In that case, it should be "ecurricula.")

I think this article would be stronger if we at least mentioned the controversy, the valid critiques of SSR. Darkfrog24 15:54, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sustained silent reading


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User:80N/sandpit/Election box metadata

Election Box Metadata
/meta/color /meta/shortname

title: User:80N/sandpit/Election box metadata


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Clare Teal

Clare Teal (born 14 May 1973) is an English singer and broadcaster who has become famous not only for her singing, but also for having signed the biggest recording contract by a British jazz singer.

Biography
Teal was brought up in the Kildwick area of Yorkshire. She developed an interest in jazz from an early age, through her father's collection of 78rpm records, becoming "obsessed" with big band singers like Ella Fitzgerald and big bands like Joe Loss. She took music lessons, first on the electronic organ, then more formally on clarinet, before studying music at Wolverhampton University. While at university, Teal found herself without a clarinet for an unexpected examination. Deciding to sing instead, she not only got her "best grades ever", but discovered that she loved singing in public. After graduation, she started a career in advertising, singing in her spare time with amateur and semi-professional bands.

Career
Teal's break came when she was asked to stand in for Stacey Kent at a weekend festival in Llandrindod Wells. This led (after some determined self-promotion, in which she drew upon her advertising skills) to a three-album contract with the jazz label Candid Records. Her popularity soared, with appearances on radio and television bringing her to the attention of a wider public, and in 2004 she released her first album for Sony Jazz in what was the biggest recording deal by any British jazz singer. Don't Talk topped the jazz charts and entered the UK Top 20 UK Albums Chart.

While the majority of her recordings are cover versions of standards, her albums feature original songs and contemporary cover versions, notably a cover of "California Dreaming" by The Mamas & the Papas. This song attracted the attention of BBC Radio presenter Michael Parkinson, garnering significant publicity during her period with Candid Records.

Teal has toured throughout the UK and the world, with her pianist, trio, mini big band, or Hollywood Orchestra. She has worked with the Hallé Orchestra, BBC Concert Orchestra, RTÉ Concert Orchestra, and the John Wilson Orchestra as well as other top big bands. In August 2017, she produced and presented her third concert for The Proms. Swing No End featured two big bands and many special guests. It was broadcast on BBC Radio 2, BBC Radio 3, and televised on BBC Four.

From 2006 to 2013 Teal presented the BBC Radio 2 show, Big Band Special. In 2009 she started presenting her own show on BBC Radio 2. She has appeared as a presenter on Friday Night is Music Night. From 2 August 2009, she presented Sunday Night at 10, taking over from Malcolm Laycock. She writes a weekly blog for The Yorkshire Post.

Her final show for BBC Radio 2 was broadcast on Sunday 3 January 2021. From Sunday 24 January 2021 she has joined Jazz FM for a two-hour swing and big band show.

Teal collaborated with Van Morrison on the single "Carrying a Torch" from his album Duets: Reworking the Catalogue. She was the opening act for Liza Minnelli at Kenwood House and the Royal Festival Hall. She performed at the Glastonbury Festival and the Marlborough Jazz Festival.

Personal life
Teal lives in a village near Bath with her partner Amanda Field. In 2007, she said that, although she had lived in Bath for more than a decade, she still feels like a Northerner, saying she is "never not from Yorkshire".

Awards and honours

 * British Jazz Vocalist of the Year, 2005, 2007,2015 and 2017
 * BBC Jazz Vocalist of the Year, 2006
 * Arts & Entertainment Personality of the Year, 2004, 2011
 * Gold Badge, British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors, 2011

Discography

 * Nice Work (1995)
 * That's the Way It Is (Candid, 2001)
 * Orsino's Songs (Candid, 2002)
 * The Road Less Travelled (Candid, 2003)
 * Don't Talk (Sony, 2004)
 * Paradisi Carousel (Sony, 2007)
 * Get Happy (Universal, 2008)
 * Live at Ebenezer Chapel (Ebenezer, 2009)
 * Hey Ho (Mud, 2011)
 * And So It Goes with Grant Windsor (Mud, 2013)
 * In Good Company with Grant Windsor, Pee Wee Ellis (Mud, 2014)
 * At Your Request (Mud, 2015)
 * A Tribute to Ella Fitzgerald (Chasing the Dragon, 2016)
 * Twelve O'Clock Tales (Mud, 2016)
 * They Say It's Swing (Mud, 2020)

title: Clare Teal


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Dynamic Hepnotics

The Dynamic Hepnotics were an Australian soul, blues and funk band which formed in 1979 and disbanded in 1986. Mainstay, lead vocalist and front man, "Continental" Robert Susz formed the group in Sydney. They had chart success on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart with a top 5 single, "Soul Kind of Feeling" in 1984. It was followed by "Gotta Be Wrong (Way to Love)" which reached the top 20 in 1985. Their album, Take You Higher, reached the top 20 on the related Albums Chart in June. In 1986, "Soul Kind of Feeling" won the APRA Music Award for 'Most Performed Australasian Popular Work'.

History
The Dynamic Hepnotics formed in Sydney in 1979 with Tim Martin on saxophone (ex-Friends), Manuel Patti on bass guitar, Richard Ruhle on drums, Andrew Silver on guitar (Big Town Playboys) and "Continental" Robert Susz on vocals and harmonica (Rugcutters, Humdinger Dogs). One of their early gigs was at the Potts Point night club, Arthur's. In May 1980 this line-up issued a four-track extended play, Shakin' All Over on the Mambo label. By the time of its release, Silver and Susz had been joined by Bruce Allen on saxophone (ex-Jeff St John Band, Ol' 55), Allen Britton on bass guitar (Mangrove Boogie Kings) and Robert Souter on drums (Lizard, Gulliver's Travels, Living Legends). The group issued a single, "Hepnobeat", in September 1981 and subsequently changed from Mambo to Missing Link Records. Jim Niven from The Sports played organ on the single. An early line-up featured television presenter, Jonathan Coleman, on piano.

In August 1982 they released a six-track EP, Strange Land, which was produced by Ross Wilson (Daddy Cool, Mondo Rock, Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons) for Missing Link. The group contributed to the soundtrack of 1983 feature film, Going Down. By 1984 the band had signed with Mushroom Records' White Label Records. In late January Dynamic Hepnotics appeared at the Narara Music Festival. They released a single, "I'll Make You", in May. Their highest charting hit, "Soul Kind of Feeling", appeared on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart in October 1984 and peaked at No. 5.

Early in 1985, they issued Live (aka The Dynamic Hepnotics Live), which including cover versions and originals recorded live in the studio. An audible hissing noise was recorded onto the album from the sound of fire extinguishers used to put out a fire under the stage as the group performed. Mike Gubb joined on keyboards. Live was followed by "Gotta Be Wrong (Way to Love)" in May, which reached the top 20. Their album, Take You Higher, reached the top 20 on the related Albums Chart in June. At the end of that year, Dave Brewer replaced Silver on guitar, Mark Simmonds replaced Allen on saxophone and Peter Bishop joined on trumpet. The group's final single, "On Our Way Now", was released in March 1986, which reached the top 100. Souter was replaced by Duncan Archibald on drums, Gubb was replaced by Chris Pascoe on keyboards and Lloyd Swanton replaced Britton on bass guitar. However, the group disbanded before the end of the year. In 1986, "Soul Kind of Feeling" won the APRA Music Award for 'Most Performed Australasian Popular Work'.

After disbandment
In 1988 Susz formed a "stylish soul / R&B" group, The Mighty Reapers, with Archibald, Brewer and Ruhle. That group recorded three albums, The Mighty Reapers (1993), Trouble People (1994) and The Hurt Is On (1997). Susz was later in the group, Continental Blues Party. Bruce Allen later toured &/or recorded with The Allniters, Eurogliders, The Eddys, Glenn Shorrock, Doug Parkinson and Ross Wilson, and currently performs with a number of Sydney-based bands including The Layabouts, The Bellhops and The Hollywood Hombres. Mike Gubb has worked with a number of Australian bands, including Mental As Anything, Ganggajang, The Whitlams and Dog Trumpet. Lloyd Swanton formed a jazz trio, The Necks, in 1987 with Chris Abrahams and Tony Buck. Dave Brewer has worked with The Catholics (formed by Swanton in 1991) and currently performs with Perth-based blues band The Doodaddies. In late 2008, Brewer released a solo album titled Life of Riley. Richard Ruhle performs with Sydney-based jazz 4-piece Seriously Cool. Robert Souter performs with Mental As Anything. Duncan Archibald performs with Sydney-based band The Moods.

Four of the original band members (Susz, Souter, Britton and Brewer) performed 2 shows under the Dynamic Hepnotics name in 2015, at the Caloundra Music Festival and the last ever Narooma-based Great Southern Blues and Roots Music Festival.

Countdown Australian Music Awards
Countdown was an Australian pop music TV series on national broadcaster ABC-TV from 1974–1987, it presented music awards from 1979–1987, initially in conjunction with magazine TV Week. The TV Week / Countdown Awards were a combination of popular-voted and peer-voted awards.

 * 1984
 * "Soul Kind of Feeling"
 * Best Single
 * Nominated
 * Nominated

Band personnel
Credits:

Vocals, harmonica
 * Robert Susz (1979–1986)

Guitar
 * Andrew Silver (1979–1986)
 * Dave Brewer (1986)

Bass guitar
 * Manuel Patty (1979)
 * Vickie Kenny (1979-1980)
 * Allen Britton (1980–1986)
 * Lloyd Swanton (1986)

Drums
 * Richard Ruhle (1979–1980)
 * Robert Souter (1980–1986)
 * Duncan Archibald (1986)

Saxophone
 * Tim Martin (1979–1980)
 * Bruce Allen (1980–1985)
 * Mark Simmonds (1985–1986)

Trumpet
 * Peter Bishop (1985–1986)

Keyboard
 * Mike Gubb (1985–1986)
 * Chris Pascoe (1986)

title: Dynamic Hepnotics


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Per Sandberg

Per Sandberg (born 6 February 1960) is a Norwegian politician for the Capitalist Party and formerly the Progress Party who served as the Norwegian Minister of Fisheries from 2015 to 2018. Sandberg was a member of the Norwegian parliament from 1997 to 2017 (2005–2017 from the Sør-Trøndelag constituency, and before that from Nord-Trøndelag), and served as chair of the parliamentary standing committees on Justice, and Transport and Communications. He has additionally held the position of first deputy leader of the Progress Party from 2006 to 2018. In 1997 he was convicted of assault and battery of an asylum seeker. His status as a convicted felon has made him controversial in Norwegian politics.

An outspoken politician with a blue-collar working background, Sandberg has stoked controversy on numerous occasions, and has been described, by former party chairman Carl I. Hagen as well as the media, as the "proto-typical Progress Party person" (Ur-FrP'eren).

Early life and education
Sandberg was born in Levanger Municipality in Nord-Trøndelag county to self-employed businessman Rolf Sandberg (1926–2010) and part-time worker Rannveig Ertsås (1930–2006). He has three siblings, sister Mona, and brothers Harald and Stig (Stig committed suicide in 1997).

He has described his upbringing as "rough", partly due to his father, who he describes as being "incredibly strict and manipulative". According to Sandberg, his father would regularly lock him up in the outhouse or the cellar as punishment. He would also resort to corporal punishment on his siblings regularly. So great was the abuse, that Sandberg claims: "Had my father acted like that today, child welfare would have been there. And it would have been an immediate takeover by the child protection services".

After finishing Upper Secondary school, he held numerous different jobs including as a bartender and waiter at a Ski resort in Ustaoset, and later as a process operator at Norske Skog Skogn from 1982 to 1997, where he became the local trade union representative. In 1981 he settled in Levanger. Sandberg was in the service of UNIFIL in Southern Lebanon in 1986 during the Lebanese civil war, where he worked as a cook.

Early political career
Sandberg modestly started his career in the Progress Party by lending his name to the party's local list in Levanger, as a favour to a friend, for the 1987 municipal election, but surprisingly ended up securing a seat in the municipal council in Levanger Municipality. He had originally joined the party after meeting resistance from public regulations when trying to build a house earlier in the 1980s. He was a member of the Nord-Trøndelag county council from 1995 to 1997, until the 1997 parliamentary election in which he secured the party nomination, beating his friend (and future minister) Robert Eriksson. During the election campaign, he attended BBQs and events through the whole constituency in a borrowed Volvo 240 with only party stickers as election material. He ended up, winning the seat, with 140 votes ahead of the Center Party favourite Marit Arnstad.

Member of Parliament
Serving as a member of the Storting since 1997, the first terms from Nord-Trøndelag, he has since 2005 been represented from the neighbouring county of Sør-Trøndelag. Sandberg chaired the parliamentary Standing Committee on Justice from 2009 to 2013, and from 2005 to 2009 chaired the Standing Committee on Transport and Communications. He became deputy leader of the Progress Party in 2006.

While being central in the negotiations leading to the Progress Party joining the Solberg Cabinet after the 2013 election, Sandberg claimed to have turned down offers for two different cabinet positions. On 28 October 2013, Sandberg announced that he was stepping down as deputy leader of the party in 2014, citing a "...lack of motivation to continue the work", but in early 2014 retracted his statement and said he would continue.

Shortly after making his later retracted announcement to step down as deputy leader, Sandberg published his political autobiography Mot min vilje - oppklaringen av et politisk liv ("Against my will - clarification of a political life"), in which he severely criticised several members of the Progress Party, as well as the political direction the party had taken following the 2011 Norway attacks.

Minister of Fisheries
On 16 December 2015 Sandberg was appointed Minister of Fisheries in Solberg's Cabinet.

Minister of Justice, Public Security and Immigration
On 20 March 2018 Sandberg was appointed as acting Minister of Justice, Public Security and Immigration in Solberg's Cabinet after Sylvi Listhaug resigned. He was later succeeded by Tor Mikkel Wara.

Law and order
Sandberg has been highly critical of newer prisons such as the Halden prison, which he claims to have "hotel-standard", this according to him being a mockery against most people. He has also been critical of the fact that the prison have better facilities than most public nursing homes and child protection institutions. In addition he has claimed that criminal foreigners and Eastern European gangs "laugh" at the Norwegian prison conditions.

Immigration
Sandberg proposed in 1999 that the government should be able to expel foreigners from Norway if their children committed serious crimes. In 2002 he proposed a complete stop of immigration from countries outside the Schengen Area.

In 2003, Sandberg stated that "different races, religions and cultures must not be mixed" if there are to be a "harmonious society in Norway", leading to strong reactions from other politicians. Sandberg in addition claimed to have backing for his statements from the chief of police, which caused the chief of police to strongly distance herself from Sandberg's claims. Sandberg also made the claim that ethnic Norwegians would soon become a minority in Norway.

The same year he also proposed to introduce electronic tags on asylum seekers to stop them from escaping while their asylum application is processed. Sandberg has also feared the growth of Muslims in Norway, and claimed that certain areas could eventually be subdued to Sharia law.

Sandberg has been accused of stirring up anti-Roma sentiment by stating, in 2013: "At the borders, police can [under existing laws] stop organized groups of Roma, Bulgarians or French because we know from experience that these people disrupt the peace and it has also been proven that many of them engage in criminal activities."

Other
In 2007 Sandberg claimed Al Gore of being "a big fraud", a "Christian-fundamentalist" and "super-capitalist who have earned over 600 million NOK on the climate cause".

Sandberg in 2014 claimed Norway's Crown Prince Haakon of being a "leftist", which he says has strengthened his position against the monarchy.

Controversies
He made headlines when in January 1997 he headbutted and punched an asylum seeker from Yugoslavia in the face after the latter had called him "pale-white, fat and rich" and "racist". Sandberg was fined 3,000 NOK.

In mid-autumn 2006, Sandberg, who then was his party's spokesman for transport, was caught driving at a speed of 100 km/h in a 60 km/h zone i Målselv Municipality in Troms county, for which he got a suspended sentence of 21 days, lost his driver's license for eight months and was fined NOK9000.

On 12 December 2006 Sandberg addressed the Norwegian parliament having consumed three shots of Akvavit and a beer. The president of the parliament, Thorbjørn Jagland, said that "to address parliament under the influence of alcohol is something one just does not do. It has got to do with respect for parliament and for one self". The incident caused a media sensation. As a result of this incident, subsequent intense pressure from the media, heavy workload and losing his mother around the same time, Sandberg later wrote that he slipped into a depression, and that he contemplated suicide, only to be saved at the last minute by a phone call from his fiancé. Sandberg would later claim that Thorbjørn Jagland himself had been consuming red wine along with the rest of the presidency at the time, before they voted in parliament.

In November 2011, in the middle of a public Labour-Progress feud and a heated session in parliament, Sandberg accused the Labour Party of exploiting the Utøya massacre for political gain. This caused Labour party member Helga Pedersen to storm out of the parliament, apparently weeping, while others left the session. Sandberg immediately apologized for the comments, which was accepted. Party leader Siv Jensen also publicly apologized on Sandbergs behalf the next day, before launching another attack at the Labour Party leadership.

During the Progress Party's annual congress in 2013, according to newspaper Verdens Gang, Sandberg had to be pulled off another senior party member after Sandberg reportedly had forced the other politician against a wall while shouting angrily at him. The dispute was thought to be part of a years-long internal dispute in the party's Troms chapter.

Vacation to Iran
In late July 2018 Sandberg went on an unannounced private vacation to Iran while still serving as Minister of Fisheries. Accompanying him on the trip was 28-year old Bahareh Letnes (née Nasserabad), an Iranian-born woman who had immigrated to Norway in her teens and subsequently was adopted by a Norwegian couple. Maritime business newspaper Fiskeribladet first reported on the case and wrote that Letnes was registered as the owner of a company involved in the exporting of seafood. Multiple politicians reacted to the news and questioned Sandberg's relation to Letnes, whether a conflict of interest existed, as well as whether the trip was approved by the prime ministers office. Sandberg explained that the trip as planned last-minute after his initial plan to vacation in Turkey was scrapped, this was due to an ongoing conflict with his estranged wife and that he informed the prime minister only after he had arrived in Iran.

Prime Minister Erna Solberg later informed the Storting that Sandberg had violated government regulations by not notifying his ministry about the vacation. Criticism towards Sandberg also increased after it was revealed that he had declined the security briefing that the Norwegian Police Security Service usually provide for Norwegian politicians who travel to countries where there is a high risk of espionage. Sandberg proceeded to break protocol by bringing his work phone along to Iran, and while he first claimed that he had hardly used it, he had in fact sent 153 text messages and made 22 phone calls. Many politicians, including party colleges Mazyar Keshvari and Christian Tybrig-Gjedde, also criticised Sandberg for seemingly "glorying" the Iranian regime when he appeared on a radio show where he spoke warmly of Iran as a travel destination. The criticism also increased when it was revealed that Sandberg, in February 2018, had accompanied Letnes to an event organized by the Iranian embassy in Norway that celebrated the Iranian revolution of 1979.

After weeks of mounting pressure from the media, opposition and fellow politicians Sandberg resigned as cabinet minister and First deputy leader of the Progress Party on 13 August.

Threats and assaults
Sandberg has on several occasions been the victim of physical assaults. In January 2008, Sandberg was physically assaulted by being gripped by the throat and kicked by a man outside the Norwegian parliament. He managed to escape as Socialist Left politician Hallgeir Langeland happened to be nearby and came to his rescue. In July the same man, who had mental problems and had been given residence permit in Norway on humanitarian grounds, also punched down Labour Party politician Knut Storberget.

On another occasion, three men approached him, along with his political aide at a restaurant in Oslo, and according to Sandberg "was ready to attack", the situation was resolved when the men were evicted from the restaurant and Sandberg was promptly whisked out the back-door. On 27 March 2009, he was attacked by three youths while riding the tram in Oslo. The attack ceased when fellow passengers came to his rescue, the attackers fled before the police arrived.

Personal life
While working at Ustaoset in 1976, he met Danish waitress Ulla Kjær Frandsen. They have two children together. He married his first wife, Line Miriam Sandberg (née Haugan) on 7 August 2010. Together they have a son. He used to divide his time three-ways between his parliamentary office in Oslo, his parliamentary constituency in Sør-Trøndelag, and his home in Lenvik Municipality in Troms county, on the island of Senja, where he used to live with his family. The commute from his home in Senja, which was a 3160 km long flight, was called "one of Norway's most extreme daily commutes" as he commuted the trip on a daily basis during the weeks of the 2013 government coalition negotiations. In May 2018 Sandberg separated from his wife and relocated from their home in Senja to a flat in Mandal.

In August 2018, Sandberg confirmed that he was in a relationship with businesswoman Bahareh Letnes and that they were in the process of moving in together. In April 2023, he confirmed that he and Letnes had separated.

title: Per Sandberg