text:
Chevrolet Sail

The Chevrolet Sail is a subcompact car produced by SAIC-GM, a joint venture of General Motors in China. Launched in 2001, it was sold as the Buick Sail in China, both in sedan and wagon form based on Opel Corsa B. Following the reintroduction of the Chevrolet brand in China in 2005, the car received a facelift, and its name was changed to "Chevrolet Sail" and "Sail SRV".

In 2010, the Sail was completely redesigned, it was fully developed by SAIC-GM and offered sedan and hatchback variations. Exports began in Chile and Peru; they have also been assembled in Ecuador, and other developing countries in North Africa and the Middle East. Starting from 2013, it is manufactured by GM Colmotores in Bogotá, Colombia, for domestic and regional markets.

The third generation model made its debut in November 2014 at the Guangzhou Auto Show. It was discontinued in China in 2019, although production continues for export markets.

Buick Sail
On 12 December 2000, the first Chinese-made Buick rolled off the production line as part of trial production. Series production commenced in June 2001. This car was the first compact car produced by the SAIC-GM joint-venture, and was aimed squarely at young families. The Buick Sail was based on the Opel Corsa B, and the body design is shared with the Brazilian Chevrolet Corsa Classic and India's Opel Corsa Joy. This four-door saloon bodywork was never offered in Europe, instead being intended for developing markets. The only engine choice is a 1.6-litre, 92 PS inline-four engine, coupled to a five-speed manual transmission. The price was under 100,000 RMB. The car went on sale in June 2001. The original Opel Corsa B had also been "assembled" in Guangdong province as the Jilin Jiangbei Meilu JJ7090 from 1993 to 1996. Around 2000 cars were imported nearly complete to fit certain legal loopholes which existed at the time and sold with Jilin Jiangbei badging.

In December 2001, the wagon version, Buick Sail S-RV, was also introduced to the Chinese consumers. Basically this vehicle is also a body variation of the Opel Corsa B. The engine is the same as the Sail sedan. In June 2002, SAIC subsidiary SAIC-Yizheng introduced a locally-built version of the Corsa-based Opel Combo van as the Shanghai Auto (Shangqi) Saibao SAC6420 (上汽赛宝). Equipped with the same 1.6-litre engine and five-speed manual transmission as the Buick Sail (albeit only with 90 PS), it was produced in fairly small numbers (2,053 cars in 2004, for instance) until 2005. "Saibao" has sometimes been anglicized as "Sabre". There was also a Saibao DeLuxe version available, with alloy wheels and other extras. The Saibao could reach 160 km/h.

Chevrolet Sail
In February 2005, the Chevrolet brand was re-introduced to China after the failure of the Jinbei-GM joint venture, where it was described as a "younger" brand than Buick. As part of an endeavour to redefine the brand image of Buick, the Sail became the first Shanghai GM-built Chevrolet passenger car. The Chevrolet Sail (codename: SGM7165) received a locally upgraded design (new codename: SGM7166). The interior was also refined. Both the sedan and wagon forms were kept, although production of the Saibao Van ended. While sharing the original's wheelbase, the new wagon version (at 4,097 mm) is 71 mm longer than the old one's 4,026 mm. The 90 PS, 1.6-litre engine option remained unchanged, while the transmission options originally were limited to a five-speed manual but were later joined by a four-speed automatic. Claimed top speed for the manual versions is 177 km/h.

In the autumn of 2006, the Chevrolet Sail was exported to Chile as the Chevrolet Corsa Plus. The Corsa Plus includes dual front airbags, anti-lock brakes, air conditioning, electric windows and central locking as standard equipment.

Chevrolet Classic
The production at Shanghai-GM ceased at the beginning of 2009, but at the same time the Chevrolet Classic and its wagon version Chevrolet Classic SW adopted the design of the Chevrolet Sail and were released in Latin America as the 2010 model year. The sedan version has been produced in Argentina until October 2016, but it was equipped with different engines. In Argentina, the Classic was powered by a 1.4 L 8V 69 kW engine. The model offered in Brazil had a 1.0-litre Flexpower engine, of which the output is 56.7 kW when fueled with gasoline, or 57.4 kW with alcohol.

Second generation (2010)
On 11 January 2010, Shanghai-GM introduced the all-new Chevrolet Sail. The car was designed and engineered by the Pan-Asia Technical Automotive Center (PATAC). A 1.2-litre S-TEC II 64 kW engine and a 1.4-litre 76 kW S-TEC III engine are available. The transmission options include a five-speed manual and a five-speed electronic manual transmission (EMT). It is said that this car was engineered to achieve 4 stars in China New Car Assessment Program (C-NCAP). Airbags, central locking, AUX in / USB input and power steering are standard equipment. The pricing begins from 56,800 RMB.

At the 2010 Auto China in Beijing, GM unveiled the Sail hatchback. This car is about 3947 mm long, but its trunk area has up to 1,215 liters of space. Engines and transmissions are shared with the Sail sedan. On 21 October 2010, the first new Sails were exported to Chile and Libya.

Safety
The Sail in its most basic Latin American market configuration with no airbags, no ABS and no ESC received 0 stars for adult occupants and 2 stars for toddlers from Latin NCAP in 2016.

India
In India, the Chevrolet Sail U-VA hatchback was showcased for the first time at the New Delhi Auto Expo 2012 and launched nationwide on November 2, 2012. It features Chevrolet's signature dual port chrome grille, Hawk Wing styled headlamps and is available in 7 colors. Its 25+ storage spaces, along with ‘Flex Flat’ and 60:40 Folding Rear Row seats, making it one of the most spacious cars in the hatchback segment. The engineers at the GM Technical Center – India, in Bangalore, participated in localization of the vehicle to meet local requirements. The Chevrolet Sail U-VA is available in the 1.3 L Smartech turbocharged DOHC diesel and 1.2 L Smartech petrol engine variants. The 1.3 L diesel engine delivers 22.1 km/L while the 1.2 L petrol engine delivers a mileage of 18.2 km/L.

General Motors launched the new Chevrolet Sail in India in sedan and hatchback forms, with petrol and diesel versions, in four trim levels. The petrol version uses a 1.2 L S-Tec II engine which is also seen in the Indian market Chevrolet Beat. The 1.2 L petrol motor has power and torque figures of 86 PS at 6,000 rpm and 113 Nm at 5,000 rpm. The 1.3 L diesel engine is GM's version of the Fiat 1248 cc MultiJet motor, with figures of 78 PS at 4,000 rpm and 205 Nm at 1,750 rpm. The MultiJet engine is an outcome of alliance between GM and Fiat. GM offers a 5-speed manual transmission for both the petrol and diesel variants.

In 2013, the Sail contains 80% Indian parts.

South America
The Sail is also marketed on the Pacific coast of South America, in Chile, Colombia and Ecuador. It is assembled from CKD kits by General Motors of Ecuador, and also manufactured at least of 90% in Colombia by GM Colmotores in its factory on the Free Zone of Bogotá.

Springo EV (electric version)
At the 2010 Guangzhou International Automobile Exhibition, GM showed an EV version of the Sail Hatchback called the Springo EV. Although this concept car does not wear a Chevrolet badge, it is still a part of Chevrolet's worldwide electric vehicle strategy. According to GM's press release, this car has a 65 kW (87 bhp) motor which has a maximum torque of 220 Nm (162 lb ft). Top speed is about 130 km/h (81 mph) and the driving range with full battery is claimed as 150 km (93 mi). It was also reported that this car had reached the electric vehicle safety requirements set by SAE and ISO.

Shanghai General Motors introduced the Sail Springo EV at the 2012 Auto Guangzhou. The electric car is scheduled to be sold in Shanghai in 2013 as part of a trial program, and initially only a limited number of cars will be available. The Springo EV has a range of 130 km and up to 200 km at a constant speed of 60 km/h. The electric car will be sold for RMB 258,000 (US$41,460), before incentives of up to RMB 60,000 (US$9,642) from the central government and RMB 40,000 (US$6,428) from the Shanghai government. In addition, the car will qualify for a free local Shanghai license plate exclusively for electric vehicles. The Sail Springo EV was developed as joint-venture between Shanghai General Motors and partner SAIC Motor.

Third generation (2014)
The third generation Chevrolet Sail was presented for the first time in November 2014 at the Guangzhou Auto Show and commenced production in December 2014. It is based on a new small car platform developed by SAIC-GM, and adopts Chevrolet's new design language, with the dual-port grille and the eagle eye-shaped headlamps.

With a length of 4300 mm, larger by 45 mm than the previous generation, and a wheelbase of 2500 mm, extended by 35 mm, it now provides a roomier interior space. The boot has a total of 366 l of space.

The powertrain range consists of two petrol engines: a 1.3-litre VVT unit and a 1.5-litre DVVT one, both equipped with start-stop function and delivering improved performance compared to the previous generation. The 1.3-litre engine offers a maximum power of 76 kW and a peak torque of 127 Nm, having a fuel economy of 5.3 L/100 km. The 1.5-litre engine generates a maximum power of 83 kW and a peak torque of 141 Nm, having a fuel economy of 5.4 L/100 km.

It was developed by SAIC-GM and Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center (PATAC) engineers, and is available only as a four-door saloon. It is exported to markets such as Chile, Philippines, Peru, Mexico (sold as Aveo) and Myanmar. The car was discontinued in the Chinese domestic market in 2019.

The Sail is renamed as the Aveo in Mexico and other Central American markets to avoid any association with the second generation Sail, which had obtained zero star rating in Latin NCAP in 2016. It went on sale in Mexico in November 2017 for the 2019 model year.

Safety
The Chinese-made New Aveo in its most basic Latin American market configuration with 2 airbags and no ESC received 2 stars for adult occupants and 4 stars for toddlers from Latin NCAP in 2018.

The updated Chinese-made New Aveo in its most basic Latin American market configuration with 2 airbags and no ESC received 3 stars for adult occupants and 4 stars for toddlers from Latin NCAP in 2019.

Fourth generation (310C; 2023)

The fourth-generation Sail became available in Chile and other nearby countries since September 2023 as a 2024 model year. The model is a rebadged Chevrolet Aveo and produced by SAIC-GM-Wuling in China.

title: Chevrolet Sail


text:
My Autobiography

My Autobiography may refer to:

 * My Autobiography (Chaplin), by Charlie Chaplin
 * My Autobiography (Mussolini), by Benito Mussolini
 * My Autobiography, by Kevin Keegan
 * My Autobiography: A Fragment, by Max Müller
 * My Autobiography and Reminiscences, by William Powell Frith
 * Alex Ferguson: My Autobiography, by Sir Alex Ferguson
 * My Autobiography (Miedzianik), by David Miedzianik

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: My Autobiography


text: User:Talrias/Templates/pr

title: User:Talrias/Templates/pr


text: User talk:68.71.227.89

title: User talk:68.71.227.89


text:
Irina Krohn

Irina Kaarina Krohn (born 10 July 1962) is a Finnish politician and a former member of Finnish Parliament, representing the Green League. She is also member of the city council of Helsinki and has held positions in various other organisations. She was first elected to the parliament in 1995. She was a substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and a member of the Sub-Committees on Sustainable Development and Population.

In December 2005, Krohn was appointed the new managing director of the Finnish Film Foundation; she was succeeded in the Parliament by another Green from Helsinki, Johanna Sumuvuori.

Krohn was born in Helsinki, Finland. She has a master's from the Theatre Academy of Finland. Krohn was married 18 years to the movie director Wille Mäkelä. They have two children, Rudolf (b. 1993) and Frida (b. 1997). Krohn is the niece of the Finnish author and journalist Kaarina Goldberg.

title: Irina Krohn


text: User talk:131.111.178.23

title: User talk:131.111.178.23


text:
May 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

May 2 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - May 4

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on May 16 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For May 3rd, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on April 20.

Saints

 * Martyrs Timothy the Reader and his wife Moura of Antinoöpolis in Egypt (304)
 * Martyrs Diodoros and Rodopianos, at Aphrodisia in Anatolia, by stoning (285-305)  (see also April 29)
 * Martyr Alexander and Virgin Martyr Antonina at Byzantium (313) (see also June 10)
 * Holy 27 Martyrs who died by fire.
 * Great martyr Xenia of Peloponnesus, Wonderworker (318)
 * Saint Mamai the Katholikos of Georgia (744)
 * Saint Michael of Ulompo, Georgia (9th century)
 * Saint Arsenius of Georgia (9th century)
 * Saint Peter the Wonderworker, Bishop of Argolis (925)
 * Saint Ecumenius, Bishop of Trikala, the Wonderworker (10th century)

Pre-Schism Western saints

 * Saint Alexander I, the fifth Pope of Rome (c. 106-115)
 * Martyrs Alexander, Eventius and Theodulus (c. 113-119)
 * Saint Juvenal of Narni (c. 369/377)
 * Saint Glywys (Gluvias) of Cornwall (5th century)
 * Saint Conleth, first Bishop of Kildare (c. 519) (see also: May 4 and May 10)
 * Saint Scannal of Cell-Coleraine in Ireland, a disciple of St Columba (563)
 * Saint Adalsindis, sister of St Waldalenus, founder of the Monastery of Bèze in France, Abbess of a convent near Bèze (c. 680)
 * Saint Æthelwine (Elwin, Ethelwin), Bishop of Lindsey (c. 700)
 * Saint Philip of Worms (770) (Philip of Zell)
 * Saint Aldwyn of Coln (8th century)
 * Saint Ansfried, Bishop of Utrecht (1010)

Post-Schism Orthodox saints

 * Saint Theodosius, abbot of the Kiev Caves Monastery and founder of cenobitic monasticism in Russia (1074)
 * St. Theophanes of Vatopedi, Metropolitan of Peritheorion (near Xanthi) (14th century)
 * Schema-abbess Juliana (1393) and Schema-nun Eupraxia (1394), of the Monastery of the Conception in Moscow
 * Saint Gregory Archbishop of Rostov, Yiaroslavl and White Lake (Abbott of Kamennoi Monastery (Monastery of the Transfiguration) at Kubenski Lake, in Vologda province) (1416)
 * Martyr Saint Ahmet the Calligrapher of Constantinople (1682)
 * Martyr Paul of Vilnius, Lithuania (17th century)
 * New Martyrs Anastasia and Christodoulos, at Achaea (1821)
 * Saint Irodion of Lainici, Abbot of Lainici Monastery in Romania (1900)

New martyrs and confessors

 * New Hieromartyr John Vilensky, priest of Semyonovskoe (1918)
 * New Hieromartyr Nicholas Benevolsky, priest of Alma-Ata (1941)

Other commemorations

 * Icon of Our Lady of Blachernae (7th century)
 * Translation of the relics of Saint Luke of Mt. Stirion (953)
 * Translation of the Dormition Icon of the Mother of God from Constantinople, to the Kiev-Pechersk Far Caves (1073)
 * "Svenskaya" (Kiev Caves) Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos (1288)
 * Finding of the relics of Saint John (Vilenskiy) of Yaroslavl (2018) (see also: October 28)

title: May 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)


text:
Robert Trent Jones Jr.

Robert Trent "Bobby" Jones Jr. (born July 24, 1939) is an American golf course architect. He is the son of golf course designer Robert Trent Jones and the brother of golf course designer Rees Jones.

Early life
Jones was born on July 24, 1939, in Montclair, New Jersey, the son of Robert Trent Jones Sr. (1906–2000). He graduated from Montclair High School in 1957. After attending Yale and graduate studies at Stanford University, he joined his father's firm, Robert Trent Jones Incorporated. He rose to become vice-president of the company and assumed control of west coast operations in 1962.

Career
In the 1960s, Jones began designing courses on his own and formed his own company in the early 1970s in Palo Alto, California. His first solo project was in 1971, and redesigned in 2009, at Princeville Makai Golf Club at Princeville Resort, in Hawaiʻi on the North Shore of Kauaʻi. He has since designed or remodeled more than 250 golf courses during his career. In 1979, the Northern California Golf Association selected Jones to design the Poppy Hills Golf Course in Pebble Beach, California. His father, Robert Jones Sr., had previously crafted the Spyglass Hill Golf Course in Pebble Beach, and during this project, he received valuable assistance from his son. Their combined expertise has helped them to design over 400 golf courses worldwide.

Jones continues to design courses and currently resides in Woodside, California. He has also served as the president of the American Society of Golf Course Architects, former Chairman of the California State Park and Recreation Commission and has published a book entitled Golf by Design designed to help players understand golf course layout.

With Robert Trent Jones Incorporated
• Willow Lakes Golf Course, Nebraska (1964)

• Silverado-South, Northern California (1967)

• Eugene Country Club, Oregon (1968)

• Karuizawa Golf, Japan (1972)

With Robert Trent Jones II Company
• Adobe Creek, Petaluma, California (1989)

• Alcanada Golf (18 holes) 2013, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain (2003)

• Arizona National Golf Club, Tucson, Arizona (1996)

• Arrowhead, Colorado (1974)

• Ayala Greenfield Estates, Laguna, Philippines (2000)

• Bjaavann Golfklubb, Kristiansand, Norway (2005)

• Bro Hof Slott Golf Club, Stockholm, Sweden (2007)

• Brookside Country Club, Stockton, California (1991)

• Chambers Bay, University Place, Washington (2007)

• Charter Oak Country Club, Hudson, Massachusetts (2001)

• Cochiti Lake, New Mexico (1980)

• CordeValle Golf Club, San Martin, California (1996)

• Coto de Caza North, Coto de Caza, California (1987)

• Coto de Caza South, Coto de Caza, California (1995)

• Cragun's Legacy Courses (Bobby's Legacy, Dutch Legacy and Reversible 9), Brainerd, Minnesota (1998, 2000, 2002)

• Crystal Tree Country Club, Orland Park, Illinois (1989)

• Damai Indah Golf Pantai Indah Kapuk Course, Jakarta, Indonesia (1992)

• Deer Creek, Overland Park, Kansas  (1989)

• Desert Dunes Golf Club, Desert Hot Springs, California (1988)

• Eagle Point Golf Club, Medford, Oregon (1995)

• Edinburgh USA Golf Club, Brooklyn Park, Minnesota (1987)

• Empress Josephine Golf Course, Les Trois-llets, Martinique (1977)

• Estrella del Mar, Mazatlan, México, (1996)

• Fairmont Chateau Whistler Golf Club, Whistler, Canada (1993)

• Glencoe Golf & Country Club, Calgary, Alberta (Glen Forest and Glen Meadows courses) (1983–85)

• Golf & Country Club de Bossey, Bossey, Haute-Savoie, France (1985)

• Golf Club Castelconturbia, Agrate Conturbia, Italy (1989)

• Golf de Bondues, the back nine, Bondues, France (1990)

• Golf International de St. Francois Saint Francois, Guadeloupe (1978)

• Greenhorn Creek, Angels Camp, California (1996)

• Heron Lakes Golf Club, Portland, Oregon (1968, 1992)

• Highland Springs Country Club, Springfield, Missouri (1989)

• Hoiana Shores Golf Club, Hoi An, Vietnam (2020)

• Holtsmark Golfclub, Sylling, Norway (2006)

• Jefferson County Club, Blacklick, Ohio (1992)

• Joondalup, Western Australia (1985)

• Kaluhyat Golf Club, Verona, New York (2003)

• Keystone Ranch, Colorado (1980)

• Lake Shastina Golf Resort, Weed, California (1973)

• Las Sendas Country Club, Mesa, Arizona (1995)

• Lansdowne Resort, The Jones Course, Leesburg, Virginia (1991)

• le Golf du Chateau de la Chouette, Gaillon-Sur-Montcient, France (1998)

• Le Triomphe Golf and Country Club, Broussard, Louisiana (1986)

• Links at Spanish Bay, Pebble Beach, California (1987)

• Long Island National Golf Club, Riverhead, New York (1999)

• Lübker Golf Resort (27 holes), Nimtofte, Denmark (2008)

• Luisita Golf & Country Club, Tarlac, Philippines (1968)

• Marshes Golf Club, Ottawa, Ontario (2002)

• Mesa de Yeguas Country Club, Anapoima, Colombia (2010)

• Miklagard Golf Club, Oslo, Norway (2002)

• Moscow Country Club, Krasnogorsk, Greater Moscow, Russia (1994)

• Palma Real, Ixtapa Zihuatanejo, Mexico (1975)

• Pearl Golf Course, Pacific Harbour, Fiji (1974)

• Penha Longa Resort Sintra, Portugal (1992)

• Osprey Meadows at Tamarack Resort, Donnelly, Idaho (2006)

• Pok-Ta-Pok, Cancun, Mexico (1976)

• Poppy Hills Golf Course, Pebble Beach, California (1986)

• Pondok Indah Golf Course, Pondok Indah, Jakarta, Indonesia (1976)

• Prairie Landing, West Chicago, Illinois (1995)

• Prairie View Golf Course, Carmel, Indiana

• President Country Club, West Palm Beach, Florida

• Princeville Makai Golf Club (1971) & Princeville Prince Course (1991), Kauai, Hawaii

• Pueblo de Oro Golf and Country Club, Cagayan de Oro, Philippines (1998)

• Pulai Springs Resort Berhad, Johor, Malaysia

• Raffles Country Club, Singapore

• Rainbow Hills Golf Club, South Korea

• Rancho San Marcos, Santa Barbara, California

• Rancho La Quinta, La Quinta, California (1993)

• Raven at Sabino Springs, Tucson, Arizona (1995)

• Reef Club, Grand Bahama Island (2000)

• The Ridge, Auburn, California (1999)

• Rock Barn Golf & Spa, Hickory, North Carolina (2002)

• Rollingstone Ranch Golf Club, Steamboat Springs, Colorado (1974)

• Royal Golf Club La Bagnaia, Siena, Tuscany

• Royal Springs Golf Course, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India (2001)

• Royal Westmoreland, Barbados (1992)

• Ruuhikoski Golf, Seinäjoki, Finland (1992)

• SentryWorld, Stevens Point, WI (1982)

• Sequoyah National Golf Club, Whittier, North Carolina (2009)

• Serrano Country Club, El Dorado Hills, California (1996)

• Silverado Country Club, Napa, California (1966)

• Skjoldenaesholm Golfklub, Trent Jones Jr. Course, Jystrup, Denmark (2006)

• Southern Highlands Golf Club, Las Vegas, Nevada (1999) (with his father)

• Sugarloaf, Carrabassett Valley, Maine (1986)

• Sunday River Golf Club, Newry, Maine (2005)

• Sunriver-North (Woodlands), Sunriver, Oregon (1982)

• Termas de Río Hondo Golf Club, Termas de Río Hondo, Santiago del Estero, Argentina (2018)

• The Blessings golf course, Fayetteville, Arkansas (2004)

• The Club at Weston Hills, Weston, Florida (1993)

• The Links at Bodega Harbour, Bodega Bay, CA, 1978

• The Mines Resort & Golf Club, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (1994)

• The National, Melbourne, Australia (1988)

• The Orchards, Detroit, Michigan (1993)

• The Prince Golf Course, Kauai, Hawaii (1990)

• The Scandinavian Golf Club (36 holes), Farum, Denmark (2010)

• The Wisley, Surrey, England (1991)

• ThunderHawk Golf Club, Beach Park, Illinois (1999)

• Tierra Del Sol Golf Course, Aruba (1995)

• Three Crowns Golf Club, Casper, Wyoming (2005)

• Ute Creek Golf Course, Longmont, Colorado (1997)

• Waikoloa Village, Hawaii (1981)

• Windsor Polo Club, Vero Beach, Florida (1990)

• Woodmont Golf and Country Club, Canton, Georgia (1999)

• University Ridge Golf Course, Verona and Madison, Wisconsin (1991)

• Wedgewood Golf and Country Club, Powell, Ohio (1991)

• Zala Springs Golf Resort Zalacsány, Hungary (2016)

• Three Bridges, Salem, Utah (2024)

title: Robert Trent Jones Jr.


text:
Ultima GTR

The Ultima GTR is a supercar manufactured by Ultima Sports Ltd of Hinckley, Leicestershire, England. The car was available both in kit form and as a "turnkey" (i.e. assembled by the factory) vehicle until early 2015, when it was replaced by the Ultima Evolution. The design is mid engined, rear wheel drive layout, with a tubular steel space frame chassis and GRP bodywork. A convertible version called the Ultima Can-Am was also produced. Kit builders were free to source and fit a variety of engines and transmissions but the Chevrolet small block V8 supplied by American Speed mated to either a Porsche or Getrag transaxle was the factory recommended standard, and this configuration was fitted to all turnkey cars.

Performance
Ultima focused their marketing efforts on record-breaking activities using a model equipped with a 640 bhp American Speed engine, called the Ultima GTR640, and subsequently, a 720 bhp at 6700 rpm and a maximum torque of 855 Nm at 4400 rpm Chevy V8 engine called the GTR 720. As a result, they established the following official, independently verified records for a production car equipped with road tyres and exhaust:

 * Fastest 0–60 mi/h time: 2.6 seconds
 * Fastest 0–100 mi/h time: 5.3 seconds
 * Fastest 30 mi/h–70 mi/h time: 1.8 seconds
 * Fastest 100 mi/h to 0 mph braking: 3.6 seconds
 * Fastest 0 – 100 mi/h – 0 mph time: 9.4 seconds
 * Best performance on a skidpad: 1.176g lateral grip in a 200 ft circle.
 * Fastest road car over the 1/4 mile: 9.9 seconds @ 143 mi/h

Due to its kerb weight of 980 kg, the power-to-weight ratio for the GTR720 is 745 bhp per tonne, which is a better ratio than the Bugatti Veyron, Enzo Ferrari, Ascari A10, Koenigsegg CCX or CCGT, but less than the Koenigsegg CCXR or the Caparo T1. However, the Ultima chassis is rated for engines up to 1000 bhp and some of Ultima's customers, notably Jeff Schwartz, have fitted engines producing 1000 bhp or more, for a power-to-weight ratio of over 1000 bhp per tonne, which is approximately twice the power-to-weight ratio of the aforementioned cars and nearly the same as the Caparo T1's (1170 bhp per tonne, but this is a "dry" tonnage and the bhp PS kW/tonne would be reduced once oil, coolant, gasoline, etc. are added, compared to the Ultima figures above which are "wet" weights). There are also other model designations for the kits, including the GTR 660 and GTR 730.

In 2007, the GTR720 was independently timed lapping the Top Gear test track in 1 minute 12.8 seconds, at least one second faster than all other times listed on the Top Gear television programme's Power Board at the time. In October 2009 Ultima set another time of 1 minute 9.9 seconds, but this time in a configuration not suitable for use on public highways. Ultima have been keen to point out that this time is faster than those set by both the Ferrari FXX and the Caparo T1; of which neither were deemed to be acceptable road cars by the Top Gear presenters shortly after these times were set.

In 2011, Romanian workshop Black Falcon Cars mated an Ultima GTR chassis and a modified Porsche GT3 transmission with a Chevrolet V8 turbocharged by Nelson Racing Engines to achieve 1716 bhp on racing fuel and made it fully road legal under the brand name Black Falcon SBC-TT1750.

In 2015 the GTR and Can-Am names were retired and replaced by the Ultima Evolution range, which represents a complete reengineering of the package.

title: Ultima GTR


text:
May 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

May 3 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - May 5

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on May 17 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For May 4th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on April 21.

Saints

 * Virgin-martyr Pelagia of Tarsus in Asia Minor (287)
 * Hieromartyr Albian (Olbian), Bishop of Anaea in Asia Minor, and his disciples (284-303)
 * Martyrs Aphrodisius, Leontius, Anthony, Valerian, Macrobius, and 60 others, monks at Scythopolis of Palestine (beginning of the 4th century)
 * Hieromartyr Silvanus of Gaza, bishop, and with him 40 martyrs (311) (see also: October 14)
 * Saint Hilary of the desert, the Wonderworker.
 * Saint Nicephorus of Medikion, abbot and founder of Medikion Monastery (813)
 * Saint Athanasios of Corinth, bishop (10th-11th century)

Pre-Schism Western saints

 * Hieromartyr Porphyrius (250)
 * Saint Curcodomus, a deacon in Rome sent to help St Peregrinus (2nd century)
 * Hieromartyr Erasmus of Formiae, bishop in Campania, and 20,000 martyrs with him (303)
 * Martyrs Florian and 40 companions, at Lorsch, Austria (304)
 * Saint Monica of Tagaste, the mother of St. Augustine of Hippo (387)
 * Saint Nepotianus, nephew of St Heliodorus, Bishop of Altino near Venice in Italy (395)
 * Saint Venerius of Milan, second bishop of Milan, a loyal supporter of St John Chrysostom (409)
 * Saint Conleth, first Bishop of Kildare (c. 519) (see also: May 3 and May 10)
 * Saint Anthony du Rocher, a disciple of St Benedict and companion of St Maurus in his mission to France, founder of the monastery of Saint Julian in Tours (6th century)
 * Saint Æthelred (Ethelred, Ailred), king of Mercia and monk (716)
 * Saint Sacerdos of Limoges, Bishop of Limoges (720)
 * Saint Gotthard of Hildesheim, became Bishop of Hildesheim in 1022 and did much to spread the Faith (1038)

Post-Schism Orthodox saints

 * Saint Theodosia (Fedosia), princess of Vladimir, (wife of Jaroslav Vsevolodovich; mother of St. Alexander Nevsky) (1244)
 * Venerable Nicephorus (the Solitary, the Hesychast) of Mount Athos, teacher of St. Gregory Palamas (before 1300)
 * The Alfanov brothers of Novgorod:
 * Saints: Nicetas, Cyril, Nicephorus, Clement, and Isaac of Novgorod; founders of the Sokolnitzki Monastery in 1389.

New martyrs and confessors

 * New Hieromartyr John Vasiliev, priest, (1942)
 * New Hieromartyr Nicholas Tochtuev, deacon, (1943)
 * New Hieromartyr Vasily Martysz, Archpriest (1945)  (see also April 21)

Other commemorations

 * Translation of the relics of the Righteous Lazarus and Saint Mary Magdalene, Equal-to-the-Apostles, to Constantinople
 * Icon of the Mother of God "Staro Rus" (Staraya Russa) Old Russian (1570)

title: May 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)


text: User:Talrias/Templates/fac

title: User:Talrias/Templates/fac


text:
User:Mouthwash

Hello, I am a sockpuppet account used to protect my parent account from possible vandalism and controversy. I will only use this account to make comments and edits on what I think are controversial matters involving new (or suspect) users to avoid having my main account become the subject of vandalism.

I will not willingly use this account to vote on any matters, so if you happen to see me accidently voting on anything, please feel free to revert my edits.

title: User:Mouthwash


text:
Magnus Larsson

Per Henrik Magnus Larsson (born 25 March 1970) is a former professional tennis player from Sweden.

Playing career
Larsson turned professional in 1989 and won his first top-level singles title at Florence in 1990. His first doubles title was also won in Florence, in 1991.

Some of the most significant highlights of Larsson's career came in 1994. He won that year's Grand Slam Cup, defeating World No. 1 Pete Sampras in the final in four sets 7–6, 4–6, 7–6, 6–4. Larsson also reached the semi-finals of the 1994 French Open, and was part of the Swedish team which won the 1994 Davis Cup. He won singles rubbers in the Davis Cup final in Moscow in December against both Yevgeny Kafelnikov and Alexander Volkov, as Sweden defeated Russia, 4–1.

In 1995, Larsson reached his career-high singles ranking of World No. 10 and his career-high doubles ranking of World No. 26. He was runner-up in the men's doubles at the French Open that year (partnering Nicklas Kulti). He was also part of the Swedish team which won the World Team Cup.

Larsson played in the final of the Davis Cup again in 1997. And again he won both his singles rubbers – against Pete Sampras and Michael Chang – and was on the winning team as Sweden thrashed the United States 5–0.

Larsson won a total of seven singles and six doubles titles during his career. His last doubles title was won in 1998 in Båstad. His final singles title came in 2000 at the Regions Morgan Keegan Championships in Memphis. He retired from the professional tour in 2003. He has since played in the senior Outback Champions Series, winning the Stanford Championships in 2006.

title: Magnus Larsson


text: Category:Italian economists

title: Category:Italian economists


text: User:Talrias/Templates/comment

title: User:Talrias/Templates/comment


text:
Camillo Ruini

Camillo Ruini (born 19 February 1931) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who was made a cardinal in 1991. He served as president of the Italian Episcopal Conference from 1991 to 2007 and as Vicar General of the Diocese of Rome from 1991 to 2008.

Ruini was very active as a spokesperson for the Church and was one of the Church officials who most often appeared on Italian television, newspapers and magazines.

Biography
Ruini was born in Sassuolo, Emilia Romagna, on 19 February 1931. After studying at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, he obtained a licentiate degrees in philosophy and in sacred theology. He was ordained to the priesthood on 8 December 1954 by Archbishop Luigi Traglia. He taught philosophy at the diocesan seminary in Emilia Romagna from 1957 to 1968. From 1958 to 1966 he served as chaplain to university students and from 1966 to 1970 he served as a delegate for Azione Cattolica. From 1968 to 1986, he taught dogmatic theology at the Studio Teologico Interdiocesano of Modena-Reggio Emilia-Carpi-Guastalla, where he was also headmaster from 1968 to 1977.

On 16 May 1983, Pope John Paul II named him auxiliary bishop of Reggio Emilia and titular bishop of Nefta. He was consecrated a bishop by Bishop Gilberto Baroni on 29 June. As vice president of the Preparatory Committee, he contributed to the realization of the Ecclesial Convention of Loreto (1985), which has become a reference point in the dialogue between the Church and Italian society following their difficult relationship of the 1960s and 1970s. In June 1986, Pope John Paul named him secretary-general of the Italian bishops conference. From 1988 to 2011 he was a consultor of the Congregation for Bishops.

On 17 January 1991, Ruini was named auxiliary bishop and pro-vicar general for the Diocese of Rome. On 17 March 1991 he became pro-president of the Italian bishops conference. He was made Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Agnese fuori le mura on 28 June 1991 and named Vicar General of the Diocese of Rome and archpriest of the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano on 1 July 1991. He was also grand chancellor of the Lateran University and the Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family.

On 29 December 1992, Ruini became president of the Peregrinatio ad Petri Sedem, which promotes pilgrimages to Rome. He remained in this role until 2 May 1996. Ruini was also a member of the Congregation for Bishops, the Pontifical Council for the Laity, the Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See, and the Council of Cardinals for the Study of Organizational and Economic Affairs of the Holy See. Ruini was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2005 papal conclave that elected Pope Benedict XVI.

On 17 March 2010, the Vatican formed a commission to look into the phenomenon of Medjugorje, Bosnia-Herzegovina, where six young people have said they have had visions of Mary since the early 1980s. Ruini was its president. In January 2014 the commission submitted its findings to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.

Politics
Ruini was seen as a social and political conservative, close to the positions of Popes John Paul II and Benedict XVI. He was very active in the mass media and was the strongest voice of the Church against the spring 2005 referendum for the liberalization of Italy's legal restrictions on artificial insemination. He commented upon the issue of the 1999 French Pacte civil de solidarité for unmarried couples of the same or opposite sex. In 2007 a bill was proposed in the Italian Senate for a law on civil unions. The bishops conference opposed this proposal.

Retirement
On 7 March 2007, Pope Benedict XVI named Archbishop Angelo Bagnasco to succeed Ruini as President of the Italian Episcopal Conference. His resignation from his other positions was accepted by Pope Benedict XVI on 27 June 2008. As of 21 June 2013, Ruini was serving as the president of the Scientific Committee of the Ratzinger Foundation.

Ruini was hospitalized for more than a week in July 2024. He had a pacemaker implanted to address a cardiac ischemia.

title: Camillo Ruini


text:
User:Juliank

Hi, I'm Julian Knight an IT consultant from Sheffield, UK. My homepage is at http://www.knightnet.org.uk. I also have a StumbleUpon page at http://jules.stumbleupon.com/. An occasionally used blog shows up at Bloglines along with the list of news that I check regularly.

Jules 10:00, 2005 July 22 (UTC)

title: User:Juliank


text:
The Sons of Lee Marvin

The Sons of Lee Marvin is a tongue-in-cheek secret society devoted to iconic American actor Lee Marvin. The sole entry requirement for the club is that one must have a physical resemblance to plausibly look like a son of Marvin.

Founding member and film director Jim Jarmusch explained, "If you look like you could be a son of Lee Marvin, then you are instantly thought of by the Sons of Lee Marvin to be a Son of Lee Marvin".

Members
Besides Jarmusch, the founding members of the society are said to include the actors and musicians Tom Waits, John Lurie, and Richard Boes. Musician Nick Cave, whom Jarmusch knew when living in Berlin, was inducted as a member after having been mistaken for a brother of the director. Director John Boorman is an honorary member, having been presented with one of the society's elaborate Waits-designed business cards. Others rumored to be members include Thurston Moore, Iggy Pop, Josh Brolin and Neil Young though none have been formally recognized by the society, which refuses to disclose its inner workings to the public. The society meets occasionally, supposedly to watch Lee Marvin films together.

Mythology
The society's members perpetuate the joke in the media. Tom Waits described it to Rolling Stone in 1986 as "somewhere between the Elks Club and the Academy Awards", and claimed to have met Jarmusch at an annual meeting of the New York chapter. When asked about the society by friend and collaborator Lucy Sante in a 1989 interview, Jarmusch commented "I'm not at liberty to divulge information about the organization, other than to tell you that it does exist. I can identify three other members of the organization: Tom Waits, John Lurie, and Richard Boes ... You have to have a facial structure such that you could be related to, or be a son of, Lee Marvin. There are no women, obviously, in the organization. We have communiques and secret meetings. Other than that, I can't talk about it." Jarmusch revealed in a 1992 interview that the real son of Lee Marvin, Christopher, had objected to the existence of the organization in an encounter with Waits at a bar:

Christopher Marvin, a professional drummer and the only son of Lee Marvin, featured as a guest artist on the song "Cold Water" from Waits's album Mule Variations (1999).

title: The Sons of Lee Marvin


text: Category:Israeli sociologists

title: Category:Israeli sociologists


text: User:Talrias/Templates/farc

title: User:Talrias/Templates/farc


text:
Guanosine monophosphate

Guanosine monophosphate (GMP), also known as 5′-guanidylic acid or guanylic acid (conjugate base guanylate), is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside guanosine. GMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase guanine; hence it is a ribonucleotide monophosphate. Guanosine monophosphate is commercially produced by microbial fermentation.

As an acyl substituent, it takes the form of the prefix guanylyl-.

De novo synthesis
GMP synthesis starts with D -ribose 5′-phosphate, a product of the pentose phosphate pathway. The synthesis proceeds by the gradual formation of the purine ring on carbon-1 of ribose, with CO2, glutamine, glycine, aspartate and one-carbon derivatives of tetrahydrofolate donating various elements towards the building of the ring. As inhibitor of guanosine monophosphate synthesis in experimental models, the glutamine analogue DON can be used.

cGMP
GMP can also exist as a cyclic structure known as cyclic GMP. Within certain cells the enzyme guanylyl cyclase makes cGMP from GTP.

cGMP plays an important role in mediating hormonal signaling.

Food additive
Guanosine monophosphate is known as E number reference E626. In the form of its salts, such as disodium guanylate (E627), dipotassium guanylate (E628) and calcium guanylate (E629), are food additives used as flavor enhancers to provide the umami taste. It is often used in synergy with disodium inosinate; the combination is known as disodium 5′-ribonucleotides. Disodium guanylate is often found in instant noodles, potato chips and snacks, savoury rice, tinned vegetables, cured meats, and packet soup.

As it is a fairly expensive additive, it is usually not used independently of glutamic acid or monosodium glutamate (MSG), which also contribute umami. If inosinate and guanylate salts are present in a list of ingredients but MSG does not appear to be, the glutamic acid is likely provided as part of another ingredient, such as a processed soy protein complex (hydrolyzed soy protein), autolyzed yeast, or soy sauce.

title: Guanosine monophosphate


text:
List of mayors of Brantford

This is a list of mayors of the city of Brantford, Ontario, Canada.

Until 1956 mayors were elected for one year terms. Beginning in 1957, mayoral terms were extended to two years by Ontario law. In 1987, the provincial government changed the Municipal Elections Act to require local government elections every three years.

Town of Brantford (1847-1876)

 * 1) William Muirhead, 1847
 * 2) Dr. Alfred Digby, 1848-1849
 * 3) Philip Cady VanBrocklin, 1850
 * 4) John Henry Moore, 1851
 * 5) Arunah Huntington, 1852
 * 6) George Samuel Wilkes, 1853
 * 7) James Kerby, 1854
 * 8) William Mathews, 1855-1856
 * 9) Thomas Botham, 1857
 * 10) Matthew William Pruyn, 1858
 * 11) Thomas Botham, 1859 (second time)
 * 12) Joseph Duffett Clement, 1860-1863
 * 13) James Weyms, 1864-1865
 * 14) John Elliott, 1866-1868
 * 15) William Mathews, 1869-1871 (second time)
 * 16) William Paterson, 1872
 * 17) William Mathews, 1873-1874 (third time)
 * 18) Dr. James W. Digby, 1875-1876

City of Brantford (1877-Present)

 * 1) Dr. James W. Digby, 1877 (second time)
 * 2) Robert Henry, 1878-1879
 * 3) Reginald Henwood, 1880-1881
 * 4) William Watt, 1882-1883
 * 5) William J. Scarfe, 1884-1885
 * 6) Charles B. Heyd, 1886
 * 7) Robert Henry, 1887 (second time)
 * 8) Charles B. Heyd, 1888-1889 (second time)
 * 9) Samuel G. Read, 1890-1891
 * 10) Levi Secord, 1892-1893
 * 11) George Watt, 1894-1895
 * 12) Thomas Elliott, 1896-1897
 * 13) W. G. Raymond, 1898-1899
 * 14) Harry Cockshutt, 1900
 * 15) D. B. Wood, 1901-1902
 * 16) Matthew K. Halloran, 1903-1904
 * 17) Charles Waterous, 1905-1906
 * 18) J. W. Bowlby, 1907-1908
 * 19) W. B. Wood, 1909-1910
 * 20) Ross A. Rastall, 1911
 * 21) Charles H. Hartman, 1912-1913
 * 22) John H. Spence, 1914-1915
 * 23) J. W. Bowlby, 1916-1917
 * 24) M. M. MacBride, 1918-1920
 * 25) George Wedlake, 1921-1922 (Wedlake died March 3, 1922. C.J. Parker completed the term.)
 * 26) C.J. Parker, 1922
 * 27) Frederic W. Billo, 1923-1924
 * 28) M. M. MacBride, 1925
 * 29) J.A.D. Slemin, 1926-1927
 * 30) Ross L. Beckett, 1928-1932
 * 31) M. M. MacBride, 1933-1934
 * 32) Col MA Colquhoun, 1935
 * 33) M. M. MacBride, 1936-1937
 * 34) R. J. Waterous, 1938-1940
 * 35) John P. Ryan, 1941-1945
 * 36) John H. Matthews, 1946-1947
 * 37) W. J. Dowden, 1948-1949
 * 38) Howard E. Winter, 1950-1953
 * 39) Reg Cooper, 1954-1956
 * 40) Howard E. Winter, 1956 (second time)
 * 41) Max Sherman, 1957-1958
 * 42) Lloyd D. Hogarth, 1959-1960
 * 43) Richard Beckett, 1961-1970
 * 44) Howard E. Winter, 1971-1972 (third time)
 * 45) Charles Bowen, 1973-1980
 * 46) David Neumann, 1980-1987 (Neuman resigned in October 1987 after being elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Karen George completed the term.)
 * 47) Karen George, 1987-1991
 * 48) Bob Taylor, 1991-1994
 * 49) Chris Friel, 1994-2003
 * 50) Mike Hancock, 2003-2010
 * 51) Chris Friel, 2010-2018
 * 52) Kevin Davis, 3 December 2018-present

title: List of mayors of Brantford


text:
Flavor scalping

Flavor scalping is a term used in the packaging industry to describe the loss of quality of a packaged item due to either its volatile flavors being absorbed by the packaging or the item absorbing undesirable flavors from its packaging. A classic example is the absorption of various plastic flavors when soft drinks are stored in plastic bottles for an extended period.

title: Flavor scalping


text: User:Talrias/Templates/facfailed

title: User:Talrias/Templates/facfailed


text:
List of current state governors in Mexico

The United Mexican States, commonly known as Mexico, is a federation comprising thirty-two States. The Head of Government of Mexico City is not considered a governorship, but the position is included on this list of governors for the sake of completeness. Article 109 of the current Federal Constitution states that for their internal government, the States shall adopt the popular, representative, republican form of government, with the free Municipality as the basis of their territorial division and political and administrative organization. The election of governors of the States and the local legislatures shall be direct and in the manner prescribed by their respective electoral laws.

State governors serve six-year terms and, like the President of Mexico, they are barred from seeking reelection. No one who has previously held a governorship may run for or serve in the post again, even on a caretaker basis. Candidates for governor must be Mexican citizens by birth and either a native of the state or a resident of the state for at least five years prior to election day, per article 116 part I of the Mexican constitution.

Including the Head of Government of Mexico City, 2 governorships are held by the Institutional Revolutionary Party, 5 are members of the National Action Party, 21 are members of the National Regeneration Movement, 1 is a member of the Social Encounter Party, 2 are members of the Citizens' Movement and 1 is from the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico.


text:
MÄR

Märchen Awakens Romance, officially abbreviated as MÄR, is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Nobuyuki Anzai, serialized in Shogakukan's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Sunday from January 2003 to July 2006, with its chapters collected in 15 tankōbon volumes. The story follows 14-year-old junior high student Ginta Toramizu who is transported into a fantasy-based world known as MÄR-Heaven. As Ginta ventures in the world of MÄR-Heaven, he encounters allies and antagonists.

A 102-episode anime television series adaptation titled MÄR Heaven was broadcast on TV Tokyo from April 2005 to March 2007.

In North America, Viz Media has licensed both the MÄR manga and anime for an English-language release. The manga was published between July 2005 and June 2007. The anime aired first in July 2006 on Toonami Jetstream, an online service from Cartoon Network, and then on the network itself, as part of the Toonami programming block in December 2006.

A manga sequel, MÄR Omega, written by Anzai and illustrated by Kōichirō Hoshino, was published in Weekly Shōnen Sunday from September 2006 to June 2007, with its chapters collected in four tankōbon volumes.

Plot
Ginta Toramizu is a 14-year-old junior high student from Tokyo. He is a near-sighted, video game geek, underachieving student and a fan of fairy tales. One day and without warning, he finds himself summoned to the mysterious world of MÄR Heaven, which he has only seen before in his dreams and in his mother's books. In this fairy tale world, Ginta's physical weakness is replaced with superior physical strength, incredible stamina and endurance, being able to see without his glasses.

Upon meeting a mysterious 16-year-old witch named Dorothy, Ginta is introduced to the powerful magical accessories and weapons called "ÄRMs". Dorothy plans to steal the mysterious ÄRM Babbo, from a trap-guarded cave, and brings Ginta along to assist her, intrigued by his unusual strength and abilities. Babbo is revealed to be an extremely special and unique ÄRM, as he possesses a will of his own and the ability to speak. Displeased with the fact that Babbo is so cumbersome, Dorothy gives Babbo to Ginta instead, departing with a warning that others will try to steal Babbo from him.

Ginta continues on a journey of discovery, reveling in this new world. When Ginta encounters the farmer Jack and his mother, who are troubled by two werewolf brothers, he finds that he misses the real world. Ginta resolves to find a way to reach home while enjoying as much of MÄR as he can along the way, with Jack journeying with him. However, it is not long before Ginta learns that the world of MÄR Heaven is not as peaceful as it seems when he is attacked by thieves wishing to steal Babbo.

Upon meeting a boy named Alviss, who summoned him to MÄR Heaven using an ÄRM known as the Gate Keeper Clown, Ginta learns of the sinister Chess Pieces, an organization who tried to take over MÄR Heaven six years earlier. Alviss reveals that he summoned Ginta in order to gain assistance from an "other-worlder" in the upcoming war, as was done previously, and that Babbo originally belonged to one of the knights of the Chess Pieces. Gaining both allies and enemies, the series follows Ginta as he opposes the Chess Pieces, led by King Orb, Queen Diana and her servant Phantom.

MÄR Omega
Set six years after the events of MÄR, the story follows Kai, the adoptive son of an ÄRM smith. Kai idolizes Ginta and dreams of having an ÄRM for himself, despite not having magic power. Kai, however, inherited a magic stone from his dead parents; a memento that suggests his family's relation to the sorcerer kingdom of Caldia, birthplace of all ÄRMs and magic users. At the time throughout MÄR-Heaven, a new type of ÄRM, known as "Fake ÄRM", which is activated without magic power, became highly used.

On an errand, Kai is suddenly attacked by a remnant of the Chess Pieces. Kai jumps into a pond, where he meets Babbo. Using the ÄRM, Kai defeats the Chess Piece. Babbo wonders how Kai was able to use him, being a normal boy with no powers. Kai returns to his home alongside Babbo. Upon returning, Kai discovers that the Fake ÄRM users are possessed and want to take Babbo to bring him to a sinister mysterious figure who was watching them the whole time. Alviss comes to help and reveals that the Fake ÄRMs absorb the life energy from their users, allowing to control their minds in the process.

Kai, alongside Babbo, Alviss and his friend Elise, go to Caldia to seek help. They are welcomed into the Grand Elder's palace by Dorothy and a young wizard, Inga. The Grand Elder tells them that over 300 years ago the Fake ÄRMs were created by a dark magician, Unwetter, who experimented with the human mind manipulation. Babbo, the Elder of Caldia at the time, defeated him, consigning him and his malicious creations into oblivion, just before dying, transferring his soul into the ÄRM and erasing every memory related to the incident.

The Grand Elder does not know, however, why the supposedly sealed Fake ÄRMs were once again spread throughout MÄR Heaven, how the supposedly dead Unwetter could have been revived or what his goals are. The Grand Elder decides to seal Babbo to avoid more trouble, to which Kai disagrees. The Grand Elder orders Kai to prove himself worthy of wielding Babbo. Kai eventually unleashes all his dormant magic power, which is so powerful that confirms his relation to the magic kingdom and a direct blood connection to Babbo, finding out that he is one of his descendants.

A group of Fake ÄRM users present themselves before Caldia to take Babbo back to Unwetter. Kai and crew are able to fight them back with the assistance of Inga, who is revealed to be a descendant of Unwetter. Following Caldia's law, they must seek Unwetter out and kill him. Kai, alongside Inga and Elise go on a journey to find Babbo's magic stones, which would restore his memories of the Grand Elder who fought the Fake ÄRMs and Unwetter 300 years ago, and save MÄR Heaven.

Manga
Written and illustrated by Nobuyuki Anzai, MÄR was serialized in Shogakukan's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Sunday from January 7, 2003, to July 5, 2006. Shogakukan collected its chapters in 15 tankōbon volumes released from May 17, 2003, to August 11, 2006.

In North America, the series was licensed for an English language release by Viz Media. The 15 volumes were released from May 3, 2005, to September 18, 2007.

A sequel titled MÄR Omega, written by Anzai but illustrated by Kōichirō Hoshino, was published in Weekly Shōnen Sunday from August 30, 2006, to June 13, 2007. Its chapters were collected in four tankōbon volumes published from December 16, 2006, to August 10, 2007.

Anime
An anime television series adaptation titled MÄR Heaven (メルヘヴン), produced by SynergySP, premiered on TV Tokyo on April 3, 2005, where it ran for 102 episodes until its conclusion on March 25, 2007.

In North America, the anime was licensed by Viz Media and aired on Cartoon Network's online broadband service Toonami Jetstream in July 2006, and the series premiered on their television programming block Toonami, on December 23, 2006. It also premiered in Canada on YTV channel on June 1, 2007. Viz Media began releasing the series to DVD on June 12, 2007, with each disc containing 4 episodes. Four volumes were released before Viz delisted the series in favor of other titles. In June 2011, the first 52 episodes were available on Netflix's Instant streaming service.

title: MÄR


text:
Maradiaga

Maradiaga is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Jorge Maradiaga (born 1972), Honduran decathlete
 * Ramón Maradiaga (born 1954), Honduran footballer and manager
 * Félix Maradiaga (born 1976), Nicaraguan politician

title: Maradiaga


text:
John Barleycorn Must Die

John Barleycorn Must Die is the fourth studio album by English rock band Traffic, released in 1970 as Island ILPS 9116 in the United Kingdom, United Artists UAS 5504 in the United States, and as Polydor 2334 013 in Canada. It marked the band's comeback after a brief disbandment, and peaked at number 5 on the Billboard Top LPs chart, making it their highest-charting album in the US, and has been certified a gold record by the RIAA. In addition, the single "Empty Pages" spent eight weeks on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 74. The album was marginally less successful in the UK, reaching number 11 on the UK Albums Chart.

Background and content
In late 1968, Traffic disbanded, with guitarist Dave Mason leaving the group for the second time prior to the completion of the Traffic album. In 1969, Steve Winwood joined the supergroup Blind Faith, while drummer and lyricist Jim Capaldi and woodwinds player Chris Wood turned to session work. Wood and Winwood also joined Blind Faith's drummer Ginger Baker in his post-Blind Faith group Ginger Baker's Air Force for their first album, Ginger Baker's Air Force (1970).

At the beginning of 1970, after the demise of Blind Faith, Winwood returned to the studio ostensibly to make his first solo album, originally to be titled Mad Shadows. He recorded two tracks with producer Guy Stevens, "Stranger to Himself" and "Every Mother's Son", but yearned for like-minded musicians to accompany, inviting Wood and Capaldi to join him. Thus Winwood's erstwhile solo album became the reunion of Traffic (minus Dave Mason), and a re-launch of the band's career. Mad Shadows would go on to be the title of Mott the Hoople's second album, also produced by Guy Stevens, and the new Winwood/Traffic album took its title from one of its tracks and became John Barleycorn Must Die.

The album featured influences from jazz and blues, but the version of the traditional English folk tune that provided the album's title, "John Barleycorn", also showed the musicians attending to a modern interpretation of traditional folk music in the vein of contemporary British bands Pentangle and Fairport Convention. Whereas previous Traffic albums had been dominated by more concise song structures, John Barleycorn saw the group develop into a looser, jam-oriented progressive rock and jazz fusion style, setting the tone for their subsequent output in the 1970s.

The album was reissued for compact disc in the UK on 1 November 1999, with five bonus tracks, including three recorded in concert from the Fillmore East in New York City. In the US, the remastered reissue of 27 February 2001 included only the two studio bonus tracks.

Steve Winwood oversaw a deluxe edition that was released on 15 March 2011, featuring the original studio album, digitally remastered on disc one, plus a second disc of bonus material, including more of the Fillmore East concert, with alternate mixes and versions of album tracks.

Cover
The original LP release of the album had the front cover design on a background consisting of a photograph of burlap. Later LP copies had the design on a grey background. The cover is displayed prominently during a party scene in the 1971 movie by Dario Argento, Four Flies on Grey Velvet.

Reception
Retrospective reviews of the album have been mixed. AllMusic criticised the vocal sections as "excuses for Winwood to exercise his expressive voice as punctuation to the extended instrumental sections", but made note of how the album took the band's jazz/rock leanings beyond mere jamming. Village Voice critic Robert Christgau said the departure of Mason hurt Traffic's songwriting on the album, leaving the band to depend on Winwood's "feckless improvised rock, or is it folksong-based jazz?"

However, John Barleycorn Must Die was voted number 369 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums 3rd Edition (2000). It was also included in The MOJO Collection: The Greatest Albums of All Time, which described it as "a magnificent album" that provided "a remarkable showcase" for Winwood's gifts. The album was also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

Track listing and personnel
Previously unreleased studio bonus tracks 4. ("I Just Want You To Know") and 8. ("Sittin' Here Thinkin' of My Love") are solo demos by Winwood. The live tracks, recorded on 18/19 November at the Fillmore East, comprise what was to have been side one of Live Traffic (ILPS 9142), presumably shelved in favor of Welcome to the Canteen.

Island Records 314 548 541-2, also includes the previously unreleased tracks "I Just Want You to Know" and "Sittin' Here Thinkin' of My Love".

''Tracks 4–10 recorded on 18–19 November 1970 at the Fillmore East.

Personnel
Traffic
 * Steve Winwood – acoustic piano (1, 2, 5), organ (1, 2, 3), percussion (1, 2), vocals (2-6), electric piano (3), bass guitar (3), all instruments (4), acoustic guitar (5), all other instruments (6)
 * Jim Capaldi – drums (1, 2, 3, 5, 6), percussion (1, 2, 3), backing vocals (4, 5), tambourine (5)
 * Chris Wood – percussion (1, 2, 5), saxophone (1, 2), electric saxophone (1, 2), flute (1, 2, 5), organ (3)

Production

 * Chris Blackwell – producer (1, 2, 3, 5)
 * Steve Winwood – producer (1, 2, 3, 5)
 * Guy Stevens – producer (4, 6)
 * Brian Humphries – engineer
 * Andy Johns – engineer
 * Lee Hulko – mastering
 * Mike Sida – album design
 * Richard Polak – photography

title: John Barleycorn Must Die


text: User:Talrias/Templates/chemistry

title: User:Talrias/Templates/chemistry


text:
Talk:Early Modern English

BCP 47 language tag
There is now a BCP 47 language tag for Early Modern English: en-emodeng. Doug Ewell 17:59, 20 November 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by DougEwell (talk • contribs)

'Orthography' confusing.
The current text reads : 'The orthography of Early Modern English was fairly similar to that of today, but spelling was unstable'.

This is slightly confusing because the word 'orthography' has two meanings (i) writing i.e. the shape of letters and the alphabet used, and (ii) the way words are spelled.

Might I suggest a change to something like :'As for orthography, the form of written letters and the alphabet were broadly similar to those of today, but as yet spelling had no agreed standard form.' Cassandra. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.105.248.144 (talk) 18:49, 18 November 2017 (UTC)

"Early English language" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Early English language. Please participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. signed,Rosguill talk 19:41, 21 April 2020 (UTC)

This line about the subjunctive makes no sense
Under: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Modern_English#Verbs

Line: The second-person singular indicative was marked in both the present and past tenses with -st or -est (for example, in the past tense, walkedst or gav'st).[25] Since the indicative past was not and still is not otherwise marked for person or number,[26] the loss of thou made the past subjunctive indistinguishable from the indicative past for all verbs except to be.

What is "past subjunctive" referring to? English does not have a subjunctive conjugation, never mind a past subjunctive. In fact, the subjunctive conjugation was already totally lost by Middle English. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 160.32.197.234 (talk • contribs)
 * That is not correct. Even modern English has both a present and a past subjunctive, though there are only a few cases where it's morphologically different from the indicative.
 * An example of the present subjunctive is it is important that you be prompt (rather than indicative are).
 * The past subjunctive is distinct from the past indicative only for the verb "to be", and only for the first and third person singular. If I were a rich man.
 * Hope that clarifies. --Trovatore (talk) 19:25, 13 January 2021 (UTC)

The first shortening of (Early Modern English) seems to be (EModE) when was it coined?
Also, who coined “EModE” and why was “EModE” as an abbreviation firstly chosen and not “EME” and suchlike?

The older(?) ”EModE” abbreviation does seem to somewhat look more becoming also standout moreso than the likes of “EME”. 2A00:23C7:2B13:9001:A025:DCEE:FB20:7C87 (talk) 17:24, 29 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Early Modern English


text:
Joshua Marshman

Joshua Marshman (20 April 1768 – 6 December 1837) was a Baptist missionary in Bengal, India from 1799 until his death. He was a member of the Serampore trio with William Carey and William Ward. The trio founded Serampore University, many primary and secondary schools, and translated and published a large number of works, including translations of the Bible. Marshman was "an accomplished scholar, linguist and theologian and was a prolific author and polemicist." His mission involved social reforms and intellectual debates with educated Hindus such as Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

Origins
Joshua Marshman was born on 20 April 1768 in Britain at Westbury Leigh, Wiltshire, England. His father, John Marshman was a weaver. Of his family little is known, except that they traced their descent from an officer in the Army of Cromwell, one of a band who, at the Restoration, relinquished, for conscience-sake, all views of worldly aggrandisement, and retired into the country to support himself by his own industry.

His father John passed the early part of his life at sea and was engaged in the Hind, a British frigate commanded by Captain Robert Bond, at the 1759 capture of Quebec. Shortly after this, he returned to England and in 1764 married Mary Couzener. She was a descendant of a French family who had sought refuge in England following the revocation of the Edict of Nantes; after his marriage he lived in Westbury Leigh and took up the trade of a weaver.

Early days
Marshman's family were poor and could give him little education. In 1791, Joshua married Hannah Shepherd and in 1794 they moved from Westbury Leigh to Bristol. There they joined the Broadmead Baptist Church. Baptists at that time were dissenters who separated from the Church of England. Marshman taught in a local charity school supported by the church. He also studied at the Bristol Baptist College.

Marshman was appointed a missionary by the Baptist Union of Great Britain. On 29 May 1799 Marshman his wife and their two children set out from Portsmouth for India aboard the ship Criterion. Although there was a threat of a French naval attack the family landed safely at the Danish settlement of Serampore, a few miles north of Calcutta, on 13 October 1799.

Family
The couple had 12 children; of these only five were alive when their father died. Their youngest daughter Hannah married Henry Havelock, who became a British general in India, and whose statue is in Trafalgar Square, London. Their daughter Rachel was married to the forestry administrator Sir Dietrich Brandis.

When he first met pioneering missionary William Carey's four boys in 1800, Marshman was appalled by the neglect with which Carey treated them. Aged 4, 7, 12 and 15, they were unmannered, undisciplined, and even uneducated. Marshman, his wife Hannah, and their friend the printer William Ward, took the boys in tow. Together they shaped the boys as Carey pampered his botanical specimens, performed his many missionary tasks and journeyed into Calcutta to teach at Fort William College. They offered the boys structure, instruction and companionship. To their credit – and little to Carey's – all four boys went on to useful careers.

Marsman's son, John Clark Marshman (1794–1877), was also to become an important part of the missionary work at the college; he was also an official Bengali translator and published a Guide to the Civil Law which, before the work of Macaulay, was the civil code of India; he also wrote a "History of India" (1842).

Translation work
Like Carey with whom he had come to work, Marshman was a talented and gifted scholar. Marshman and Carey together translated the Bible into many Indian Languages as well as translating much classical Indian literature into English, the first being their 1806 translation of the Ramayuna of Valmeeki.

In early 1806, he, together with two of his sons and one of Carey's, moved to Serampore to begin training in Chinese under the instruction of Prof. Hovhannes Ghazarian (Johannes Lassar), a Macao-born Armenian, fluent in Chinese, who, together with two Chinese assistants, had been attracted to Fort William by Carey's promise of a salary of £450 per annum. Marshman studied for at least five years under Ghazarian during which time Ghazarian published several of the gospels.

In 1809 he produced the first direct English translation of the Analects, replacing an existing 1724 indirect translation via French and Latin. The work describes itself as the first of two planned volumes, but the second volume does not appear to have ever made it to print.

Marshman's November 1809 Dissertation on the Characters and Sounds of the Chinese Language was followed, in 1814, by his Clavis Sinica: Elements of Chinese Grammar, the former being the earliest known published work of Romanisation of Chinese for English speakers, pre-dating Davis (1824) and Morrison (1828). The quality of his work, both in principle and execution, was the subject of strident criticism from Davis.

In 1817, the first translation of the Bible into Chinese, credited to Lassar and Marshman, was published.

In 1818 he launched the periodical ‘Friend of India’.

Marshman had an important role in the development of Indian newspapers. He was a keen proponent of the new developments in educational practice and was keen to encourage school teaching in local languages, even though the colonial authorities preferred that lessons be given in English.

Foundation of Serampore College
On 5 July 1818, William Carey, Joshua Marshman and William Ward (another member of their missionary team) issued a prospectus (written by Marshman) for a proposed new "College for the instruction of Asiatic, Christian, and other youth in Eastern literature and European science". Thus was born Serampore College, which still continues to this day.

At times funds were tight, and after a brief and false rumour alleging misapplication of funds caused the flow of funds being raised by Ward in America to dry up, Carey wrote,

"Dr. Marshman is as poor as I am, and I can scarcely lay by a sum monthly to relieve three or four indigent relatives in Europe. I might have had large possessions, but I have given my all, except what I ate, drank, and wore, to the cause of missions, and Dr. Marshman has done the same, and so did Mr. Ward."

title: Joshua Marshman


text:
Noah Beery

Noah Nicholas Beery (January 17, 1882 – April 1, 1946) was an American actor who appeared in films from 1913 until his death in 1946. He was the older brother of Academy Award-winning actor Wallace Beery as well as the father of prominent character actor Noah Beery Jr. He was billed as either Noah Beery or Noah Beery Sr. depending upon the film.

Early life
Noah Nicholas Beery was born on a farm in Clay County, Missouri, not far from Smithville. The Beery family left the farm in the 1890s and moved to nearby Kansas City, Missouri, where the father was employed as a police officer. While still a young boy Beery got his first exposure to theatre, and at the same time showed budding entrepreneurship by selling lemon drops at the Gillis Theater in Kansas City.

Beery's deep, rich voice in his early teens led several actors at the Gillis Theater to encourage him to take singing lessons and consider a career as a performer. A summer of singing at Kansas City's Electric Park amusement park led to his leaving for New York City at age 16. Beery was three years older than his brother Wallace, who also became an actor as quickly as he could.

Career
Beery worked in vaudeville and in the choruses of musical comedies during his early years in New York. Soon, though, he turned to acting in melodramas of the period, often under the direction of William A. Brady.

After a dozen years on the stage, he joined his brother Wallace in Hollywood in 1915 to make motion pictures. He became a respected character actor, adept at playing the villain but sometimes portraying the hero. One of his most memorable characterizations was as Sergeant Gonzales in The Mark of Zorro (1920) opposite Douglas Fairbanks. The tagline on the poster for Stormswept (1923) proclaimed "Wallace and Noah Beery, the Two Greatest Character Actors on the American Screen".

Beery acted through the silent film era, and made the transition to sound films. He appeared in early Technicolor musicals, such as The Show of Shows (1929), the widescreen musical Song of the Flame (1930; the movie's poster noted that "Noah Beery will thrill you with his wonderful bass voice, twice as low as any ever recorded"), Bright Lights (1930), Under a Texas Moon (1930) and Golden Dawn (1930; in which he wore blackface as an African native).

He reached his peak in popularity in 1930, recording a phonograph record for Brunswick Records with songs from two of his films. However, his popularity gradually declined while his brother Wallace became the highest-paid actor in the world, winning an Oscar and arranging a contract with MGM in which he would be paid $1 more than any other actor on their roster. Noah Beery Sr. played the flamboyant supporting role of Mae West's bar-owning lover until she leaves him for Cary Grant in She Done Him Wrong (1933), and his brother Wallace performed in an extremely similar part, as the top-billed lead, later the same year in Raoul Walsh's The Bowery.

At the height of his career, Noah Beery began billing himself as Noah Beery Sr. in anticipation of his son's presence in films. After his death, his son dropped the Junior and became simply Noah Beery. Among other films, Noah Beery Sr. and Noah Beery Jr. appeared together in The Trail Beyond (1934) with John Wayne, in which Noah Jr. played Wayne's sidekick throughout the picture. Four decades later, Noah Jr. became best known as James Garner's character's father "Rocky" in the 1970s television series The Rockford Files. Noah Beery Sr. appeared in nearly 200 films during his career and in 1945 returned to New York City to star in the Mike Todd Broadway production of Up in Central Park.

Personal life
Beery married actress Marguerite Walker Lindsey in 1910. Their first child died in infancy. Their second child, actor Noah Lindsey Beery (stage name Noah Beery Jr.), was born in 1913 and was seriously ill in early childhood, prompting a brief move to Florida on the advice of doctors.

Death
Beery died on April 1, 1946, aged 64, after suffering a heart attack at the home of his brother Wallace Beery in Beverly Hills. It was Wallace's birthday, and in addition to celebrating the event, the brothers were rehearsing a radio drama they were scheduled to perform later in the evening.

He was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Hollywood Hills in Los Angeles.

Selected filmography

 * The Influence of a Child (1913, Short) as Jim Cooper - a Crook
 * The Social Highwayman (1916) as Hugh Jaffray
 * The Human Orchid (1916)
 * The Spirit of '76 (1917) as George Washington
 * A Mormon Maid (1917) as Darius Burr
 * Sacrifice (1917) as Count Wenzel
 * The Chosen Prince, or The Friendship of David and Jonathan (1917) as Saul
 * The Hostage (1917) as Boyadi
 * The Clever Mrs. Carfax (1917) as Adrian Graw
 * Molly Entangled (1917) as Shawn, the Smithy
 * His Robe of Honor (1918) as 'Boss' Nordhoff
 * The Hidden Pearls (1918) as Teariki
 * The Whispering Chorus (1918) as Longshoreman
 * The White Man's Law (1918) as Dr. Robinson
 * Old Wives for New (1918) as Doctor (uncredited)
 * Social Ambition (1918) as Big Dan Johnson
 * Believe Me, Xantippe (1918) as Sheriff Kamman
 * Less Than Kin (1918) as Senor Cortez
 * The Source (1918) as John Nord
 * The Goat (1918) as Cowboy (uncredited)
 * Too Many Millions (1918) as R.A. Bass
 * The Squaw Man (1918) as Tabywana
 * Under the Top (1919) as Prof. De Como
 * Johnny Get Your Gun (1919) as Town Marshal
 * The Red Lantern (1919) as Dr. Sam Wang
 * The Woman Next Door (1919) as Randolph Schuyler
 * A Very Good Young Man (1919) as Blood
 * Louisiana (1919) as Lem Rogers
 * The Valley of the Giants (1919) as Black Minorca
 * In Mizzoura (1919) as Jo Vernon
 * Everywoman (1919) as Bluff
 * The Sagebrusher (1920) as Sim Gage
 * The Fighting Shepherdess (1920) as Mormon Joe
 * The Sea Wolf (1920) as 'Wolf' Larsen, the Sea Wolf
 * Go and Get It (1920) as Dr. Ord
 * Love Madness (1920) as Jack Frost
 * The Scoffer (1920) as Boorman
 * The Mutiny of the Elsinore (1920) as Andreas Mellzire
 * Dinty (1920) as Wong Tai
 * The Mark of Zorro (1920) as Sergeant Pedro Gonzales
 * Why Tell? (1921)
 * Bob Hampton of Placer (1921) as Red Slavin
 * Beach of Dreams (1921) as Jack Raft
 * Bits of Life (1921) as Hindoo
 * The Call of the North (1921) as Galen Albret
 * Lotus Blossom (1921) as Tartar Chief
 * Tillie (1922) as Jacob Getz
 * Wild Honey (1922) as Henry Porthen
 * Belle of Alaska (1922) as Wade Harkin
 * The Lying Truth (1922) as Lawrence De Muidde
 * The Heart Specialist (1922) as Dr. Thomas Fitch
 * The Crossroads of New York (1922) as James Flint
 * I Am the Law (1922) (with Wallace Beery) as Sgt. Georges Mordeaux
 * Flesh and Blood (1922) as Li Fang (with Lon Chaney)
 * The Power of Love (1922) as Don Almeda
 * Youth to Youth (1922) as Brutus Tawney
 * Good Men and True (1922) as S.S. Thorpe
 * Ebb Tide (1922) as Richard Attwater
 * Omar the Tentmaker (1922) (with Boris Karloff) as The shah of shahs
 * Dangerous Trails (1923) as Insp. Criswell
 * The Spider and the Rose (1923) as Maître Renaud
 * Stormswept (1923) (with Wallace Beery) as Shark Moran
 * Quicksands (1923) as 'Silent' Krupz
 * Main Street (1923) as Adolph Valborg
 * Soul of the Beast (1923) as Caesar Durand
 * Wandering Daughters (1923) as Charle Horton
 * The Spoilers (1923) (with Milton Sills and Anna Q. Nilsson) as Alex McNamara
 * Tipped Off (1923) as Chang Wo
 * Hollywood (1923, Cameo) as himself
 * The Destroying Angel (1923) as Curtis Drummond
 * To the Last Man (1923) as Colter
 * His Last Race (1923) as Packy Sloane
 * When Law Comes to Hades (1923)
 * Desire (1923) as Hop Lee
 * Stephen Steps Out (1923) as Muley Pasha
 * The Call of the Canyon (1923) as Haze Ruff
 * The Heritage of the Desert (1924) as Holderness
 * The Fighting Coward (1924) as Capt. Blackie
 * Wanderer of the Wasteland (1924) as Dismukes
 * Welcome Stranger (1924) as Icabod Whitson
 * Lily of the Dust (1924) (with Pola Negri and Ben Lyon) as Col. Mertzbach
 * The Female (1924) (with Betty Compson and Warner Baxter) as Barend de Beer
 * North of 36 (1924) (with Jack Holt and Lois Wilson) as Slim Rudabaugh
 * The Spaniard (1925) as Gómez
 * East of Suez (1925) as British Consul
 * Folly of Youth (1925) as Lee Haynes
 * Contraband (1925) (with Lois Wilson) as Deputy Jenney
 * The Thundering Herd (1925) (with Jack Holt, Charles Ogle and Tim McCoy) as Randall Jett
 * Old Shoes (1925) as The Stepfather
 * The Light of Western Stars (1925) as Brand
 * Wild Horse Mesa (1925) as Bud McPherson
 * The Coming of Amos (1925) as Ramón Garcia
 * The Vanishing American (1925) (with Richard Dix) as Booker
 * Lord Jim (1925) (with Raymond Hatton) as Captain Brown
 * The Enchanted Hill (1926) as Jake Dort
 * The Crown of Lies (1926) as Count Mirko
 * Padlocked (1926) as Henry Gilbert
 * Beau Geste (1926) (with Ronald Colman, William Powell, and Victor McLaglen) as Sgt. Lejaune
 * Paradise (1926) as Quex
 * Evening Clothes (1927) as Lazarre
 * The Rough Riders (1927) (with George Bancroft and Mary Astor) as Hell's Bells
 * The Love Mart (1927) (with Boris Karloff) as Capt. Remy
 * The Dove (1927) as Don José María y Sandoval
 * Beau Sabreur (1928) as Sheikh El Hammel
 * Two Lovers (1928) as The Duke of Azar
 * Hellship Bronson (1928) as Capt. Ira Bronson
 * The Godless Girl (1928) as The Brute
 * The Passion Song (1928) as John Van Ryn
 * Noah's Ark (1928) as Nickoloff / King Nephiliu
 * Dreary House (1928)
 * Love in the Desert (1929) as Abdullah
 * Linda (1929) as Armstrong Decker
 * False Fathers (1929) as Parson
 * Careers (1929) as The President
 * The Four Feathers (1929) as Slave Trader
 * The Isle of Lost Ships (1929) as Captain Peter Forbes
 * Two O'Clock in the Morning (1929)
 * The Show of Shows (1929) (with John Barrymore, Mary Astor, Myrna Loy and Loretta Young) as Performer in "The Pirate" Number / Soldier (segment "Rifle Execution")
 * Glorifying the American Girl (1929) as himself (uncredited)
 * Isle of Escape (1930) as Shane
 * Under a Texas Moon (1930) as Jed Parker
 * Murder Will Out (1930) as Lt. Concon
 * Show Girl in Hollywood (1930) as himself at Premiere (uncredited)
 * Song of the Flame (1930) as Konstantin
 * Golden Dawn (1930) as Shep Keyes
 * Oh, Sailor Behave! (1930) as Romanian General
 * The Way of All Men (1930) as Stratton
 * Big Boy (1930) as Bagby
 * Bright Lights (1930) as Miguel Parada
 * The Love Trader (1930) as Captain Morton
 * Renegades (1930) as Thurman Machwurth
 * A Soldier's Plaything (1930) as Capt. Plover
 * Tol'able David (1930) as Luke
 * The Millionaire (1931) as Peterson
 * Honeymoon Lane (1931) as Tom Baggott
 * The Homicide Squad (1931) as Captain Buckley
 * Shanghaied Love (1931) as Captain 'Black Yankee' angus Swope
 * Riders of the Purple Sage (1931) (with George O'Brien and Marguerite Churchill) as Judge Dyer
 * In Line of Duty (1931) as Jean Duchene
 * The Drifter (1932) (with William Farnum) as John McNary
 * The Stoker (1932) as Santini
 * Stranger in Town (1932) as J.B. Hilliker
 * Cornered (1932) as Laughing Red Slavens
 * No Living Witness (1932) as Clyde Corbin
 * Out of Singapore (1932) as 1st Mate Woolf Barstow
 * The Big Stampede (1932) (with John Wayne) as Sam Crew
 * The Devil Horse (1932, Serial) as Canfield
 * The Kid from Spain (1932) as Alonzo Gomez
 * Long Loop Laramie (1932)
 * She Done Him Wrong (1933) (with Mae West and Cary Grant) as Gus Jordan
 * The Thundering Herd (1933) (with Randolph Scott, Buster Crabbe and Harry Carey) as Randall Jett
 * The Flaming Signal (1933) as Otto Von Krantz
 * Sunset Pass (1933) (with Randolph Scott and Harry Carey) as Marshal Blake
 * The Woman I Stole (1933) as Gen. Rayon
 * Easy Millions (1933) with Richard "Skeets" Gallagher
 * Fighting with Kit Carson (1933, Serial) as Cyrus Kraft
 * Laughing at Life (1933) as Hauseman
 * Man of the Forest (1933) (with Randolph Scott, Harry Carey and Buster Crabbe) as Clint Beasley
 * To the Last Man (1933) (with Randolph Scott, Esther Ralston and Buster Crabbe) as Jed Colby
 * Caravan (1934) as Innkeeper
 * Madame Spy (1934) as General Philipow
 * David Harum (1934) as General Woolsey
 * Mystery Liner (1934) as Capt. John Holling
 * Cockeyed Cavaliers (1934) as Baron Moxford
 * Happy Landing (1934) as Capt. Terris
 * The Trail Beyond (1934) (with John Wayne and Noah Beery Jr.) as George Newson
 * Kentucky Kernels (1934) as Colonel Wakefield
 * Sweet Adeline (1934) as Sultan in the Show (uncredited)
 * King of the Damned (1935) as Mooche
 * The Crimson Circle (1936) as Felix Marl
 * The Avenging Hand (1936) as Lee Barwell
 * Someone at the Door (1936) as Harry Capel
 * The Prisoner of Corbal (1936) as The Sergeant
 * Strangers on a Honeymoon (1936) as Redbeard
 * I Live Again (1936) as Morton Meredith
 * The Frog (1937) as Joshua Broad
 * Our Fighting Navy (1937) as The Presidente of Bianco
 * Zorro Rides Again (1937) as J. A. Marsden
 * The Bad Man of Brimstone (1937) (with Wallace Beery) as Ambrose Crocker
 * The Girl of the Golden West (1938) as The General
 * Panamint's Bad Man (1938) as King Gorman
 * Mexicali Rose (1939) as Pedro Valdez
 * Mutiny on the Blackhawk (1939) as Captain of the 'Blackhawk'
 * Pioneers of the West (1940) as Judge Platt
 * Grandpa Goes to Town (1940) as Sam
 * Adventures of Red Ryder (1940, Serial) (with Don 'Red' Barry) as Ace Hanlon
 * The Tulsa Kid (1940) as Montana Smith
 * A Little Bit of Heaven (1940) as Uncle Sherm
 * A Missouri Outlaw (1941) as Sheriff Ben Dixon
 * The Devil's Trail (1942) as Bull McQuade
 * Isle of Missing Men (1942) as Capt. Sanchez (uncredited)
 * Overland Mail (1942, Serial with Lon Chaney Jr. and Noah Beery Jr.) as Frank Chadwick
 * Outlaws of Pine Ridge (1942) as Honest John Hollister
 * Pardon My Gun (1942) as Judge W. B. Hackett (uncredited)
 * Tennessee Johnson (1942) (with Van Heflin) as Sheriff Cass
 * Carson City Cyclone (1943) as Judge Phalen
 * Clancy Street Boys (1943) as Pete Monahan
 * Salute to the Marines (1943, in color with Wallace Beery) as Adjutant
 * Mr. Muggs Steps Out (1943) as Judge
 * Million Dollar Kid (1944) as Captain Mathews
 * Block Busters (1944) as Judge
 * Barbary Coast Gent (1944 with Wallace Beery and Chill Wills) as Pete Hanibal
 * Gentle Annie (1944) as Hansen
 * This Man's Navy (1945 with Wallace Beery) as Joe Hodum
 * Sing Me a Song of Texas (1945) (with Tom Tyler) as Charley Bronson

title: Noah Beery


text: File:Fantastic Four vol.1-1 (Nov. 1961).jpg


text:
Series 7: The Contenders

Series 7: The Contenders is a 2001 American satirical dark comedy film written and directed by Daniel Minahan. The film is presented as a marathon of the seventh series of an American reality television show called The Contenders, where six people, picked at random from a national lottery, are each given a pistol and forced to hunt and kill each other for the cameras. The film is a satire of the reality television genre. It stars Brooke Smith as Dawn, the reigning champion from the fifth and sixth series.

Plot
The film is shot in the style of a reality TV series and is set in an alternate future where a civil war in the 1990s resulted in the US becoming a dictatorship. Five new contestants are selected in a random lottery and, along with the winner of the previous series, comprise the six Contenders. The film purposely leaves many key details unexplained, as the viewer is supposed to be watching only what the creators actually aired in the fictional TV show. The show is run by the Department of Control, which has more authority than the president, who is a figurehead, and randomly selects citizens, usually from poorer areas (each state is known as a zone), but the Contenders treat it as something they cannot control. Contenders are given a pistol loaded with polonium bullets, though they may acquire other weapons, and the last one left alive is the winner. Contestants are forced to play the game, regardless of their wishes. A contender who wins three tours of the game is freed from it.

Each series of The Contenders is played in the limits of a city or town. Series 7 is set in Newbury, Connecticut, the hometown of Dawn Lagarto (Brooke Smith), the current and longest reigning champion. She has won two tours and just needs to win one more to be set free. Dawn is eight months pregnant and hopes to win the game for her baby. The show hosts a lottery, with Contenders chosen by whichever social security number appears, contenders are implanted with tiny explosive devices that can be remotely detonated if they try to escape the game. The five contenders selected are:

 * Connie Trabucco (Marylouise Burke) – 57 years old, single, emergency room nurse.
 * Jeffrey Norman (Glenn Fitzgerald) – 33 years old, married, artist. He is dying of testicular cancer and is Dawn's former love.
 * Anthony Reilly (Michael Kaycheck) – 39 years old, married, unemployed asbestos remover.
 * Franklin James (Richard Venture) – 72 years old, retired.
 * Lindsay Berns (Merritt Wever) – 18 years old, student.

Series 7 begins with a recap of the end of Series 6: the opening scene shows the heavily pregnant Dawn enter a convenience store and fatally shoot a man in a seemingly random act. The show credits then roll, its rules are explained in voice-over narration, and the contenders are introduced. Interview segments interspersed with several of the contenders' early attempts to attack each other offer insight and background on the contenders. Most unusually, Dawn and Jeffrey already know each other. They were high school sweethearts, breaking up after Dawn had an abortion and Jeffrey came to believe he was gay. Jeffrey, now married to Doria (Angelina Phillips), and Dawn meet, and the terminally ill Jeffrey asks Dawn to kill him. Dawn agrees and leaves to procure drugs, so Jeffrey can painlessly overdose.

Lindsay travels to Franklin's trailer home and, after a pep talk by her parents, attacks him. They exchange fire, but neither is killed, with Lindsay suffering a wound to her arm. Meanwhile, Anthony tries to flee with his young daughter but is badly injured (supposedly from a "self-inflicted" knife wound to the back). Connie and Dawn separately track him to the hospital, where Connie kills him by lethal injection. Following Anthony's death, the remaining contenders receive notes to meet someone from "The Underground" at a local mall, promising help escaping the game. At the mall, security confiscates Franklin's pistol, but Lindsay is passed, after stating she is part of the show. Dawn, waiting near a store, spots Lindsay, as does Franklin. Franklin creeps up behind Lindsay and beats her to death, in front of her horrified parents. Franklin announces that the show is fixed, but, before he can explain, he is killed by Connie, the mastermind behind the notes. The only contenders left are Dawn, Jeffrey, and Connie.

Dawn tracks Connie to her home but goes into labor. Connie reluctantly assists her delivery, and Dawn is transported to a local hospital to deliver. She names the baby, a girl, "Jeffrey", but she is taken from her shortly after birth because of game rules. Contender Jeffrey, despondent when Dawn does not return to kill him as promised, is also in the hospital, following a suicide attempt. Connie attempts another lethal injection, but Jeffrey, who now wants to live, shoots and kills her. Dawn races to Jeffrey's room, where they realize they are the final two Contenders. They agree to meet at a neutral location for a final showdown. There, they profess their love for each other and turn against the camera crews following them.

The series finale traces Dawn and Jeffrey through surveillance footage and viewer tips to a movie theater. There, using confiscated cameras from the TV crew, they record themselves taking the theater patrons hostage and demanding the return of Dawn's baby. At this point, the narrator advises the show's audience that all remaining footage was lost due to a technical error and that the events have been reconstructed as a "dramatic re-enactment." Actors playing Dawn and Jeffrey are shown with an official of the Contenders program. "Jeffrey" agrees again to let "Dawn" kill him, but, before she can, "Doria" appears and kills "Dawn", saying she still loves Jeffrey. A distraught "Jeffrey" then shoots himself. The film closes with a "promo" for the upcoming Series 8, which shows Doria in prison, denying that she killed anyone, and reveals that Jeffrey has survived and is now the reigning champion.

Alternate ending
In an alternate ending included in the DVD release, Dawn and Jeff drop their weapons and flee the theater, but are surrounded by angry fans, displeased at the anticlimactic conclusion of the standoff, and are beaten savagely before they can escape. Jeff again wakes up in a hospital as the new reigning Contender.

Production
The idea for this project came to Daniel Minahan after working as a TV producer and being fascinated by reality shows. Minahan pitched the fake reality show concept to a network executive as an actual series in 1998. The first round of notes came back from the executive. "Can it be more sexy and less violent?"

Minahan credits Videodrome, Westworld and Rollerball as primary influences.

Soundtrack
The soundtrack to Series 7 was released on CD in 2001 by KOCH Records. It features music by rock group Girls Against Boys, along with other bands such as Joy Division.

(All songs by Girls Against Boys unless otherwise noted)
 * 1) "It Begins" (dialogue track)
 * 2) "One Dose of Truth"
 * 3) "Let's Get It On"
 * 4) "Unlucky Number"
 * 5) "Creeping Feeling"
 * 6) "I Knew Her"
 * 7) "Whole World Watching"
 * 8) "Phone In" (dialogue track)
 * 9) "Tweaker"
 * 10) "Love Will Tear Us Apart" by Joy Division
 * 11) "Ray of Hope"
 * 12) "Sweetness of Mine" by Julie Stephanek/Eli Janney
 * 13) "The Set-Up"
 * 14) "Turn It Around"
 * 15) "Death Pact" by Robbie Kondor
 * 16) "Wedding Serenade" by MenKing
 * 17) "Dramatic Re-Creation"
 * 18) "Nine Lives" (dialogue track)
 * 19) "The Contenders"

Home media
The film was released on DVD and VHS on December 18, 2001.

Reception
The critical response to the film was mainly positive. Rotten Tomatoes lists the film with a 70% rating, registering 56 "fresh" reviews out of 80 with a summary of "Boasting no big-name stars, Series 7 is surprisingly well-acted. Its timing is impeccable, with its dark humor casting shadows over the enjoyment and popularity of today's reality-TV shows". Metacritic gives the film a 55% rating.

Roger Ebert gave the movie 2 1/2 stars out of 4 and wrote, "It's not the idea that people will kill each other for entertainment that makes Series 7 jolting. What the movie correctly perceives is that somewhere along the line we've lost all sense of shame in our society."

Series 7 has since been hailed as a cult film, being added to The A.V. Club's New Cult Canon.

title: Series 7: The Contenders


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The Way of the World

The Way of the World is a play written by the English playwright William Congreve. It premiered in early March 1700 in the theatre in Lincoln's Inn Fields in London. It is widely regarded as one of the best Restoration comedies and is still occasionally performed. Initially, however, the play struck many audience members as continuing the "immorality" of the previous decades, and was not well received.

Characters
The play is based on the two lovers Mirabell and Millamant (originally played by John Verbruggen and Anne Bracegirdle). In order for them to marry and receive Millamant's full dowry, Mirabell must receive the blessing of Millamant's aunt, Lady Wishfort. Unfortunately, Lady Wishfort is a very bitter lady who despises Mirabell and wants her own nephew, Sir Wilfull, to wed Millamant. Meanwhile, Lady Wishfort, a widow, wants to marry again and has her eyes on an uncle of Mirabell's, the wealthy Sir Rowland.

Another character, Fainall, is having a secret affair with Mrs. Marwood, a friend of Fainall's wife. Mrs. Fainall, who is Lady Wishfort's daughter, herself once had an affair with Mirabell and remains his friend. In the meantime, Mirabell's servant Waitwell is married to Foible, Lady Wishfort's servant. Waitwell pretends to be Sir Rowland and, on Mirabell's command, tries to trick Lady Wishfort into a false engagement.

Plot
Act 1 sets in a chocolate house where Mirabell and Fainall have just finished playing cards. A footman comes and tells Mirabell that Waitwell (Mirabell's male servant) and Foible (Lady Wishfort's female servant) were married that morning. Mirabell tells Fainall about his love of Millamant and is encouraged to marry her. Witwoud and Petulant appear and Mirabell is informed that should Lady Wishfort marry, he will lose £6000 of Millamant's inheritance. He will only get this money if he can get Lady Wishfort's consent to his and Millamant's marriage.

Act 2 is set in St. James’ Park. Mrs. Fainall and Mrs. Marwood are discussing their hatred of men. Fainall appears and accuses Mrs. Marwood (with whom he is having an affair) of loving Mirabell (which she does). Meanwhile, Mrs. Fainall (Mirabell's former lover) tells Mirabell that she hates her husband, and they begin to plot to deceive Lady Wishfort into giving her consent to the marriage. Millamant appears in the park and, angry about the previous night (when Mirabell was confronted by Lady Wishfort), she tells Mirabell of her displeasure in his plan, which she only has a vague idea about. After she leaves, the newly wed servants appear and Mirabell reminds them of their roles in the plan.

Acts 3, 4 and 5 are all set in the home of Lady Wishfort. We are introduced to Lady Wishfort who is encouraged by Foible to marry the supposed Sir Rowland – Mirabell's supposed uncle – so that Mirabell will lose his inheritance. Sir Rowland is, however, Waitwell in disguise, and the plan is to entangle Lady Wishfort in a marriage which cannot go ahead, because it would be bigamy, not to mention a social disgrace (Waitwell is only a serving man, Lady Wishfort an aristocrat). Mirabell will offer to help her out of the embarrassing situation if she consents to his marriage. Later, Mrs. Fainall discusses this plan with Foible, but this is overheard by Mrs. Marwood. She later tells the plan to Fainall, who decides that he will take his wife's money and go away with Mrs. Marwood.

Mirabell and Millamant, equally strong-willed, discuss in detail the conditions under which they would accept each other in marriage (otherwise known as the "proviso scene"), showing the depth of their feeling for each other. Mirabell finally proposes to Millamant and, with Mrs. Fainall's encouragement (almost consent, as Millamant knows of their previous relations), Millamant accepts. Mirabell leaves as Lady Wishfort arrives, and she lets it be known that she wants Millamant to marry her nephew, Sir Wilfull Witwoud, who has just arrived from the countryside. Lady Wishfort later gets a letter telling her about the Sir Rowland plot. Sir Rowland takes the letter and accuses Mirabell of trying to sabotage their wedding. Lady Wishfort agrees to let Sir Rowland bring a marriage contract that night.

By Act 5, Lady Wishfort has found out the plot, and Fainall has had Waitwell arrested. Mrs. Fainall tells Foible that her previous affair with Mirabell is now public knowledge. Lady Wishfort appears with Mrs. Marwood, whom she thanks for unveiling the plot. Fainall then appears and uses the information of Mrs. Fainall's previous affair with Mirabell and Millamant's contract to marry him to blackmail Lady Wishfort, telling her that she should never marry and that she is to transfer her fortune to him. Lady Wishfort offers Mirabell her consent to the marriage if he can save her fortune and honour. Mirabell calls on Waitwell who brings a contract from the time before the marriage of the Fainalls in which Mrs. Fainall gives all her property, in trust, to Mirabell. This neutralises the blackmail attempts, after which Mirabell restores Mrs. Fainall's property to her possession and then is free to marry Millamant with the full £12000 inheritance.

Epigraph of the 1700 edition
The epigraph found on the title page of the 1700 edition of The Way of the World contains two Latin quotations from Horace's Satires: Audire est operæ pretium, procedere recte

Qui mæchis non vultis.—Hor. Sat. i. 2, 37.

—Metuat doti deprensa—Ibid.

title: The Way of the World


text:
Thymidine monophosphate

Thymidine monophosphate (TMP), also known as thymidylic acid (conjugate base thymidylate), deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP), or deoxythymidylic acid (conjugate base deoxythymidylate), is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in DNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside thymidine. dTMP consists of a phosphate group, the pentose sugar deoxyribose, and the nucleobase thymine. Unlike the other deoxyribonucleotides, thymidine monophosphate often does not contain the "deoxy" prefix in its name; nevertheless, its symbol often includes a "d" ("dTMP"). Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary provides an explanation of the nomenclature variation at its entry for thymidine.

As a substituent, it is called by the prefix thymidylyl-.

title: Thymidine monophosphate