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Talk:Portuguese conjugation

Closed deletion listing
This article was listed for deletion on 10 April, 2005. The discussion was closed with the result of keep. This article will not be deleted. You can view the discussion, which is no longer live: Votes_for_deletion/Portuguese_verb_conjugation. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 15:08, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Move
I suggest that this should be moved to Portuguese conjugation. "Portuguese verb conjugation" is redundant. — Chameleon 08:25, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Indeed. 46.186.34.99 (talk) 15:48, 17 February 2014 (UTC)

Haver, ter, ser, etc.
Is there any real need to list the conjugations of so many verbs? Any online conjugator will provide them. In my opinion, the entry should focus on general conjugation paradigms, and on the singularities of Portuguese with respect to other languages. By the way, I also see no need to explain notions like 'infinitive' or 'subjunctive' here. There are specific entries in the Wikipedia for them.

 * There are specific articles in the Wikipedia about e.g. Spanish and French verbs that include far more detailed/extensive conjugation tables than their Portuguese counterpart. Contrary to what you propose, I believe the article should be actually expanded, rather than trimmed down. 161.24.19.82 17:21, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

 * For a comprehensive overview of Portuguese verb conjugation, I suggest dividing the article into 4 sections:

 * 1) Strictly regular verbs (model conjugations: falar, bater, partir) plus (regular) vowel-alternating verbs of the first, second and third conjugations (model conjugations: apostar/acertar; comer/meter; dormir/ferir; Note: show IPA transcription for vowel-alternating verbs).
 * 2) Anomalous or otherwise highly irregular verbs: ser, estar, ter, haver; pôr, ver, vir; querer, fazer, dizer, saber, trazer, caber, poder, dar, and their compounds.
 * 3) Verbs with irregularities in the present tense only: perder; medir; pedir; ouvir; valer; frigir; subir (sumir, sacudir, acudir, bulir, fugir, cuspir,consumir); agredir (prevenir, denegrir, progredir, regredir, transgredir); odiar (mediar, ansiar, incendiar); destruir (construir); ler (crer); sair (cair, rir); incluir (and other -uir verbs except destruir/construir); frear (and other -ear verbs), etc...
 * 4) Otherwise regular verbs with irregular past participles only (e.g. escrever, abrir, cobrir) or with two past participle forms, respectively regular and irregular (e.g. prender, acender, suspender, imprimir, eleger, morrer, aceitar, entregar, pagar, ganhar, pegar, gastar, etc...).

 * Mbruno 14:21, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

Number of irregular verbs (if that can be counted) could be mentioned... 80.186.202.63 (talk) 06:22, 27 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I have seen other pages on conjugation in other Languages and they all have very detailed tables. In this article it's just a list. For an example, see Spanish conjugation. I'm pretty sure that expanding this article to be more user-friendly would be a good choice. Frozenfire71 (talk) 03:09, 2 December 2016 (UTC)

Vowel Alternation in Portuguese
The issue of vowel alternation in Portuguese present indicative verb forms has not been sufficiently emphasized in the article. For example, one cannot simply list a conjugation table for "comer" and ignore that the stressed "o" is pronounced differently in "como" (closed, high-mid ?) and in "comes/come/comem" (open, low-mid ?). Likewise, in many 3rd conjugation verbs with "o" or "e" in the stem (e.g. "dormir", "cobrir", "ferir", etc...), there is a regular vowel change pattern (compare e.g. the pronunciation of "durmo/dormimos/dormis" with the pronunciation of "dormes/dorme/dormem"). Those vowel alternations are fully grammaticalized in Portuguese and an important feature of the language that applies also to noun and adjective morphology (contrast e.g. the pronunciation of "ovo" and "ovos" or "novo" vs "nova/novos").

 * I would add that the IPA transcription of "absorvemos" and "absorveis" in the article is IMHO wrong. At least in Brazil, we pronounce both "absorvo" and "absorvemos" with a closed (high-mid) unstressed "o" in the root. "Absorve" and "absorvem" on the other hand have an open (low-mid) "o". 13:49, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

Second Person Singular and Plural Forms
Are the second person singular and plural forms of verbs only used in Portugal? I was wondering because they are not mentioned in a Brazilian Portuguese book I have. 66.168.54.166 (talk) 02:47, 29 December 2010 (UTC)

 * They are used in some parts of Brazil (Nordeste and Sul). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.119.113.93 (talk) 09:17, 26 July 2012 (UTC)

 * I've read the relevant Wikipedia articles and it follows that both in Portugal and Brazil the 2nd person plural forms are only ever used in literature, especially older and religious texts, or some dialects. This seems to be more or less the same situation as with English thou, but no one normally includes -st forms in English conjugation paradigms. Aren't the current conjugation tables and examples speciously "Latinized"? Apparently all 2pl forms should be marked with "†" (and 2sg with "EP & educated BP only", if I'm not mistaken). 46.186.34.99 (talk) 16:15, 17 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Cluttering the tables with †s and such will lead nowhere good. Better would be to explain the (dis)use of the second person in the article's introduction. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.139.81.0 (talk) 17:33, 5 March 2014 (UTC)

--187.0.126.98 (talk) 22:21, 20 February 2021 (UTC)

Present participle
The Portuguese wiki says that Portuguese no longer has a present participle. It says that although the -nte suffix is productive, the results are all nouns and adjectives with specific meanings rather than straight-up verb forms which serve a grammatical purpose. The role of the present participle has in Portuguese been taken over by the gerund. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.139.81.0 (talk) 21:29, 5 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Native Portuguese speaker here. This is the first time I've ever heard of a "present participle" in Portuguese, and the Portuguese Wikipedia indeed says it is no longer a thing, but on further inspection, one of the references in said page makes a great point as to how it is, indeed, still used quite frequently in Portuguese. It seems to be interchangeable with "que + verb on 'third person present form of the indicative mood'" (i.e. pagantes = que pagam, constantes = que constam) or the gerund form (i.e confiante = confiando), just like how the pluperfect form is interchangeable with "ter verb on 'imperfect form of the indicative mood' + verb on past participle" (i.e tinha feito, tinha comido, tinha andado). Perhaps the present participle shouldn't be removed, after all. 187.0.126.98 (talk) 22:21, 20 February 2021 (UTC)

Participles & further elaboration on my edits just now
I have decided to dig around the internet for more information on these participles. After all, no one had ever told me anything about them before, they literally are not included in any dictionaries, papers, school subjects or even formal studies. By doing so, I have discovered that there are actually not one, but THREE of these "hidden" participles: These forms are all from Latin. Considering how two out of these three forms are never used by your average person (or even an educated person), and how none of the three are ever directly mentioned as verb forms, I believe they should NOT be in the table (the table is called basic forms, after all), but they SHOULD be in the page somewhere. I'd like to propose a section dedicated to them, just like how we have a section about the imperative form.
 * The present participle, which is actually still used rather commonly (pagantes, constantes... See topic above). It's not used for all verbs, though, which is why I didn't add them to the comer and partir tables: I actually don't know what's the present participle for those verbs. Since they're regular, I'd guess it's "comente" and "partinte", but I can't be sure...
 * The future participle (nascituro, morituro, vincituro). This one means "about to (verb)", and is used in Portuguese strictly in its periphrastic form, "que + verb estar on 'third person present form of the indicative mood' + para + verb in its 'infinitive form'" (i.e que está para nascer, que está para morrer, que está para vencer). I had literally never heard any of these words before doing this little research.
 * The passive future participle (dividendo, diminuendo, despiciendo). This one means "that has to be (verb)", and is still used, but mostly in its periphrastic form, que + verb dever on 'third person present form of the indicative mood' + ser + verb in its past participle (i.e que deve ser dividido, que deve ser diminuído, que deve ser desprezado). These words (with the exception of despiciendo, which I had never heard before) are actually used nowadays, but only as nouns with specific meanings, rather than straight-up verb forms which serve a grammatical purpose.

Talking about the section about the imperative form... It's inaccurate, and every single verb listed in the page proves that. The section says that the affirmative imperative is just present indicative, but without the -s at the end. However, the vowels also change. For example, the singular third person in the indicative mood is "come", but it's "coma" in the affirmative imperative. So that's why I changed the table to include every single imperative conjugation. Even though some of them are 1:1 to some other conjugation, that's also the case with future subjunctive and personal infinitives, but they're both properly included in the tables regardless. So please don't revert it or something. 2804:22C:F650:B900:CC9F:6E43:4B18:407A (talk) 00:20, 21 February 2021 (UTC)

Vós
I know vós itself (but not vos) is archaic, but are the corresponding forms of verbs archaic as well? I found a Facebook group called Falais Português, for example. Esszet (talk) 23:55, 15 January 2022 (UTC)

What are the two alternative pronunciations???
In the tables in the section "Pronunciation of present inflections", what do the two alternative pronunciations in many table cells represent? Simple alternatives? European vs. Brazilian? (If the latter, which is which?) This should be made explicit somewhere. (The answer may be buried in the introductory text; if so, I can't make it out.) 2603:9000:AC08:A600:885D:2254:F3CA:F6F3 (talk) 21:14, 7 August 2022 (UTC)

I can´t find the verb lenir anywhere
can someone tell me what it means.. im assuming something to do with soothe from the italian 170.85.6.177 (talk) 20:11, 26 December 2023 (UTC)

Perfect vs preterite?
The article doesn't explain what the perfect (tenho feito) expresses, how it differs from the preterite (fiz), what it corresponds to in English, why it isn't classed as a tense, and why the preterite is said to correspond to both the English past tense (I did) and to the English present perfect tense (I have done), whereas the perfect isn't said to correspond to the English perfect. 62.73.69.121 (talk) 03:46, 6 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Portuguese conjugation


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Tampines Junior College

Tampines Junior College (Abbreviation: TPJC) was a junior college located in Tampines, Singapore, offering a two-year course for pre-university students leading up to the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level examination.

History

Tampines Junior College was founded in 1986, and was the thirteenth junior college to be established in Singapore.

TPJC began functioning as a centre of pre-university education on 11 April 1986. Pioneering teachers of the college held their first meeting in Tampines Primary School, while the first batch of students studied in a building which became Tampines Secondary School.

On 20 December 1986, the handing over ceremony marked the completion of Tampines Junior College. In late December, the College moved to its present site at 2 Tampines Avenue 9. Sitting on 6 hectares of land and costing about $18.2 million, Tampines Junior College was the 13th college to be built. Designed by P&T Architects, Tampines Junior College received the best-designed college building award in 1988.

On 1 July 1988, the college had its official opening ceremony, which was attended by Mr Phua Bah Lee, then Senior Parliamentary Secretary (Defence) and Member of Parliament for Tampines.

TPJC celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2006. In January 2007, the college became one of the four pre-university centres to offer Theatre Studies and Drama as an examinable subject.

Merger
On 20 April 2017, it was announced that TPJC would merge with Meridian Junior College (MJC), with the merged school located at the current site of MJC. This was in view of the declining cohort sizes since 2014, which was attributed to the fall in Singapore's birth rate. As a result of the merger, TPJC would stop taking in students from 2018 to minimise the need for students to physically relocated to the new site. The merged school operates under the name of Tampines Meridian Junior College, which is the combination of the two schools' names, from 2019. TPJC's current principal, Ms Pamela Yoong, will be the new principal of Tampines Meridian Junior College.

School Premises
On 23 April 2020, 210m of copper cable worth S$11,000 was stolen from the vacant Tampines Junior College at 3.36am.

On 1 June 2020, it was announced that the vacant school premises will be converted as temporary accommodation for migrant workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore.

Starting 2024, former Tampines Junior College site will be used to house Temasek Junior College during their infrastructure rejuvenation programme.

Crest
The College Crest was designed by a pioneer student.

Uniform
The uniform design was the product of the efforts of students and staff. Male students wear a light green short-sleeved shirt with long pants. Female students wear a blouse and A-line skirt of the same colour. Many female students choose to wear shorts underneath their skirts too, though this is optional. There are no rules governing coloured undergarments as the blouse is not white in colour.

Anthem
TPJC's anthem was composed by a pioneer teacher, Ms. Lilian Chia, with music by Antony Albuquerque.

House System
The house system was begun in 2006; replacing the practice of assigning students to houses based on their stream of study. Each cohort of J1 students is divided into six houses:
 * Eagle (red)
 * Falcon (orange)
 * Hawk (yellow)
 * Heron (purple)
 * Phoenix (blue)
 * Seagull (grey)

Each house is led by the House Captain and Vice-captain. The house captains also head committees that comprise student representatives drawn from each class under the house.

Every year, House events organised by the House Committee include the Inter-House Track & Field, Inter-House Cheerleading and Road Run. During the Inter-House Track & Field, students represent their houses in events. Besides track and field events, students win points for their houses by cheerleading, mascot and flag design competitions.

In 2013, the House Wall was painted and created in as an avenue to display the accomplishments in each House. The House Wall features the current points standing of each House and captures each unique House culture. It is located at the B Block of the college.

In 2014, the House shirts were re-designed to reflect the stronger House identity present in the college. The shirts featured the House colours more prominently and were meant to make students from each House more distinctive during House events.

Subjects offered

TPJC is among the few colleges in Singapore that offers the full range of subjects under the new GCE A-Level syllabus introduced in 2006. Under this system, students take 3 H2 content-based subjects and 4 H1 subjects comprising Mother Tongue, Project Work, General Paper and one contrasting subject. Students who wish to challenge themselves academically may take up to 4 H2 content-based subjects.

The college does not prohibit students from taking a particular GCE A-level subject, even if they have less than stellar grades for the subject at the GCE O-level. Instead, with the exception of Physics (which requires extensive prior knowledge at the O-level), students are allowed to pursue subjects they have not previously studied in secondary school, if they pass strict qualifying tests.

Students who wish to take H2 Theatre Studies and Drama (TSD) have to sit for aptitude tests and undergo interviews.

Language Elective Programmes
TPJC is one of two pre-university centres that offer the Malay Language Elective Programme (MLEP). Under this programme, students study the Malay language, literature and culture at greater depth; and are given opportunities to go on trips to the Middle East, Malaysia and Indonesia.

Co-curricular activities
TPJC is known for its Performing Arts with niche CCA groups such as the Symphonic Band, Choir, Guitar Ensemble, the Chinese Language Debating and Drama Society, Chinese Orchestra, Indian Dance, Modern Dance, Malay Dance, English Drama Club, and more, all of which have received numerous awards at the Singapore Youth Festival.

The Student Council
The Junior College Student Council, set up in 1986, has a long history of serving the student population and upholding the college's values. The TPJC Council acts as a link between the College Administration and the student body. It is the student representation of the highest standing, subject to the authority of the Principal. The highest office a student can hold in College is that of President of the Student Council, and his/her services are acknowledged by the college.

The college gives priority to the Student Councillors when it comes to talks, seminars, symposiums and conventions. Every year, two councillors from the college represent the school at the Prime Minister's National Day Rally Speech, the Budget speech, and other events of national importance, such as PM Lee Hsien Loong's inauguration at the Istana in 2004. In addition, councillors receive luminaries and other distinguished guests to the college, together with the principal. In 2007; as well as ushers and general helpers at the launch of the European Union's programme for schools in Singapore, with more than 10 ambassadors representing their respective European countries coming down to the college to celebrate this highly anticipated event.

The TPJC Link
The TPJC Link, originally known as TPlink, is the college's quarterly magazine. Written and managed by a team of student writers, the magazine is distributed to all staff and students for a nominal fee, deducted annually under a general miscellany fee. Since the January–March 2008 issue, the magazine has extended its coverage of college events from a 12 to 16-page spread.

TPJCian Magazine
TPJCian Magazine was established in March 2008 by a second year student, Md Azhar B Aziz. Its student-driven content and use of videos, podcasts and online discussions enables students to find news of campus life and stimulates them intellectually with its articles, reviews and study resources.

The online magazine publishes new content twice or more a week, with editorials on current affairs, essays on General Paper topics, reviews of college's performances and concerts and views on college life. The magazine's editorial policy allows all students to submit their articles for consideration.

The magazine has established a following among online users of the college, breaking ground in June 2008 by being the first website related/linked with a local educational institution to conduct an onsite, real-time discussion on current affairs, open to public users.

Notable alumni

 * Amrin Amin: Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs, Member of Parliament for Sembawang GRC
 * Jade Seah: Mediacorp artiste
 * Suhaimi Yusof: Actor and comedian
 * Faraliza Tan: Miss Singapore World 2008

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Tampines Junior College


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BTL

BTL may refer to:

General abbreviations

 * Bachelor of Talmudic Law, an academic degree
 * Bilateral tubal ligation, a medical procedure
 * Biomass to liquid, synthesize of fuel from biomass
 * Bridge-tied load, an output configuration for audio amplifiers
 * Buy-to-let, a UK property investment strategy

Location codes

 * Battle Creek (Amtrak station), Amtrak station code BTL, Battle Creek, Michigan
 * W. K. Kellogg Airport, IATA identifier BTL, Battle Creek, Michigan

Companies

 * BACnet Testing Laboratories
 * Belize Telecommunications Limited
 * Bell Telephone Laboratories
 * Between the Lines Books, Canadian publisher
 * BTL Brands, developer of McCoy's (crisp)

title: BTL


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Hells Bells (song)

"Hells Bells" is the first track of Back in Black, the seventh studio album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC and their comeback album after the death of lead singer Bon Scott. "Hells Bells" is the second single from Back in Black, released on 31 October 1980. The song also appears on Who Made Who, AC/DC's 1986 soundtrack to the Stephen King film Maximum Overdrive and on both versions of 1992's AC/DC Live.

Composition
"Hells Bells" begins with the slow, funereal tolling of a 2000 lb bronze bell. Manufactured by John Taylor & Co Bellfounders in Loughborough, the sound of the bell was recorded by Tony Platt using Ronnie Lane's mobile studio inside the bell foundry following the completion of the Back in Black tracking sessions at Compass Point Studios in the Bahamas. Additional recordings were made at Loughborough Carillon

Reception
"Hells Bells" is widely regarded as one of the band's best songs. In 2020, The Guardian ranked the song number six on their list of the 40 greatest AC/DC songs, and in 2021, Kerrang! ranked the song number seven on their list of the 20 greatest AC/DC songs.

Use in sports
"Hells Bells" was used as the entrance music for former Major League Baseball (MLB) player Trevor Hoffman at home games from 1998 to 2010.

The song is played prior to every New Jersey Devils home game as the players come out on the ice.

The German football club FC St. Pauli from Hamburg, French rugby club RC Toulonnais from Toulon and Greek football club PAOK FC from Thessaloniki open all home matches walking out to "Hells Bells", the former often with large fan displays and pyrotechnics.

During the Bells Beach surf competition in Victoria, Australia, "Hells Bells" is played on the loudspeakers at the beginning of the first heat of each competing day.

title: Hells Bells (song)


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Talk:Pull–pool merger

What about 'milk' prounounced as 'melk' and 'wash as 'woosh' in the same area (which includes little Wooshington, PA). Mwanner 15:09, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC) (onetime resident)

Merged
I merged this article with Phonemic differentiation, which is where other such mergers are discussed. --Angr/comhrá 20:35, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pull–pool merger


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Category:Mountain ranges of Missouri

Mountain ranges of Missouri, United States.

Related categories

 * Category:Mountains of Missouri

title: Category:Mountain ranges of Missouri


text: Category:Mountain ranges of Arkansas

title: Category:Mountain ranges of Arkansas


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Category:Mountain ranges of Oklahoma

Mountain ranges of Oklahoma, United States.

Related categories

 * Category:Mountains of Oklahoma
 * Category:Hills of Oklahoma

title: Category:Mountain ranges of Oklahoma


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User talk:Blake Acerts

Welcome!

 * Hi,, Welcome to Wikipedia!

I hope you like this place--I sure do--and want to stay. If you need help on how to title new articles check out Naming conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the manual of style. If you need help look at Help and The FAQ, plus if you can't find your answer there, check The Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or The Reference Desk (for general questions)! There's still more help at the Tutorial and Policy Library. Plus, don't forget to visit the Community Portal. And if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on My User talk Page. Additional Tips:

Here's some extra tips to help you get around in the 'pedia! Happy Wiki-ing. -- John Fader (talk | contribs)
 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.
 * If you want to play around with your new Wiki skills the Sandbox is for you.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like &#126&#126~. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.
 * You may want to add yourself to the New User Log
 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.

title: User talk:Blake Acerts


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Talk:Trojan Skinheads

Not an anti-racist/anarchist movement
While there are probably skinheads who call themselves Trojan skinheads and who are anti-racists and/or anarchists, I don't think the term implies this at all. I removed those references.

From vfd

 * Trojan Skinheads and Skinheads generally are not exactly the same.--RobotF 11:17, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

 * True, they are not, but the intent was to say that "traditional skinhead" and "Trojan skinhead" are essentially the same (rather than "skinhead" and "Trojan skinhead"). As stated on the redirect page, the "principle of least astonishment" allows for the redirect because the redirected term ("Trojan Skinhead") is mentioned within the first few paragraphs.
 * Also, please review the deletion policy page. A democratic process was used to change the page to a redirect. Your unilateral decision to override this process was not in the spirit of Wikipedia. If you strongly disagree with the redirection, I suggest you start with the process described in Votes for Undeletion. --Unconventional 22:57, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Trojan Skinheads


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User:Aarchiba/The Great Encyclopedia Showdown/Politics of Syria today

The question: what's the political situation in Syria like? Who are the major players? What are the major tensions? Some history would be nice, and some indication of the future.

Before starting, I know a little about the politics; I know Bashar al-Assad is the President; he was initially seen as very progressive but Damascus Spring was short-lived. I know there's something going on with Lebanon; Syria seems to be pulling out.

 * Britannica: Syria
 * Wikipedia: Syria (vandalized version) (version fixed about fifteen minutes later), Politics of Syria, Hafez al-Assad, Bashar al-Assad

Britannica
The article on Syria appears to be the relevant one. It is quite extensive. I read the whole "Government" section, but it is about the structure of the government and courts (reasonably enough) and contains little information about the current status.

The history section seems more promising, although only two paragraph discuss events since 1990 (and the assumption of power of Bashar al-Assad).

Wikipedia
Syria has a section "Politics of Syria" which, when is comes to recent politics, is longer and more detailed than the Britannica. This section also refers to the main article Politics of Syria and to Asad regime. I noticed no discrepancies of fact. The article had been vandalized two hours before I read it, removing the history section 1970-2000, but User:Yuber fixed it before I could (keeping a minor edit of mine). If I read this section (deviating slightly from the rules) I see some information about the Muslim Brotherhood and the opposition to the Assad government.

Politics of Syria appears to contain almost the same text as Syria, plus some more-or-less tabular data, lists of political parties and so on.

Hafez al-Assad (redirected to by Asad regime) has some information on the human rights abuses and problems (the Hamah massacre and the Tadmor prison shooting) of the early regime; Bashar al-Assad has some more information about the current situation and the suggestion that he may not be entirely in control.


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Millstone Nuclear Power Plant

The Millstone Nuclear Power Station is the only nuclear power plant in Connecticut and the only multi-unit nuclear plant in New England. It is located at a former quarry (from which it takes its name) in Waterford. With a total capacity of over 2 GW, the station produces enough electricity to power about 2 million homes. The operation of the Millstone Power Station supports more than 3,900 jobs, and generates the equivalent of over half the electricity consumed in Connecticut.

The Millstone site covers about 500 acres (2 km2). The power generation complex was built by a consortium of utilities, using Long Island Sound as a source of secondary side cooling. Millstone Units 2 and 3, both pressurized water reactors (one from Westinghouse and one from Combustion Engineering), were sold to Dominion Resources by Northeast Utilities in 2000 and continue to operate.

The plant has had numerous safety-related shutdowns and at times been placed on enhanced examination status by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. In 1999, Northeast Utilities, the plant's operator at the time, agreed to pay $10 million in fines for 25 counts of lying to federal investigators and for having falsified environmental reports. Its subsidiary, Northeast Nuclear Energy Company, paid an additional $5 million for having made 19 false statements to federal regulators regarding the promotion of unqualified plant operators between 1992 and 1996. On November 28, 2005, after a 22-month application and evaluation process, Millstone was granted a 20-year license extension for both units 2 and 3 by the NRC.

Unit 1
Millstone 1 was a General Electric boiling water reactor, producing 660 MWe, shut down in November 1995 before being permanently closed in July 1998.

 * Construction permit issued: May 19, 1966
 * Final safety analysis report filed: November 1, 1968
 * Provisional operating license issued: October 7, 1970
 * Full term operating license issued: October 31, 1986
 * Full power license: October 7, 1970
 * Initial criticality: October 26, 1970
 * Synchronized to the grid: November 1970
 * Commercial operation: December 28, 1970
 * 100% power: January 6, 1971
 * The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission began a safety investigation relating to refueling procedures, based on information provided by George Galatis, a senior nuclear engineer, 1995.
 * Leaking valve forced shutdown multiple equipment failures detected: February 20, 1996
 * Permanently ceased operations: July 21, 1998

Unit 2
Millstone 2 is a Combustion Engineering pressurized water reactor plant built in the 1970s, and has a maximum power output of 2700 thermal megawatts, or MWth (870 MWe). It has 2 steam generators, and 4 reactor cooling pumps. It is undergoing an upgrade to its safe shutdown system which already met NRC standards. During its refueling outage in October 2006, the operator installed a new pressurizer.
 * Construction permit issued: December 11, 1970
 * Final safety analysis report filed: August 15, 1972
 * Full term operating licensing issued: September 26, 1975
 * Full power license: September 26, 1975
 * Initial criticality: January 17, 1975
 * Commercial operation: December 26, 1975
 * 100% power: March 20, 1976
 * "Stretch power": June 25, 1979
 * Operating license extension requested: December 22, 1986
 * Operating license extension issued: January 12, 1988
 * Full term operating license expires: December 11, 2010
 * Operating license expires: July 31, 2015
 * Extended operating license expires: July 31, 2035

Unit 3
Millstone 3 is a Westinghouse plant that started operating in 1986, and has a maximum power output of 3650 MWth (1260 MWe). In the summer of 2008, the NRC approved a power uprate for Unit 3 that increased its electrical output 7.006% to 3650 MWth (1230 MWe). The increase took effect by the end of 2008.
 * Construction permit issued: August 9, 1974
 * Initial criticality: January 23, 1986
 * Commercial operation: April 23, 1986
 * Operating license expires: November 25, 2025
 * Extended operating license expires: November 25, 2045

Safety and environmental events
In December 1977, two hydrogen explosions occurred at the plant. The second explosion injured one man, who required hospitalization.

In October 1990, operator error during a routine test caused a shutdown of unit 2.

In September 1991, twenty reactor operators failed required licensing examinations. The shortfall of licensed operators necessitated a shutdown of unit 1 until March 1992.

In 1995 the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission began a safety investigation relating to refueling procedures at Millstone unit 1, based on information provided by George Galatis, a senior nuclear engineer.

On February 26, 1996, a leaking valve forced the shutdown of units 1 and 2. Multiple equipment failures were found. Time magazine featured the plant on its cover, calling its operator a "rogue utility", and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission singled out Millstone for additional attention. Also in 1996, the plant released one gallon per hour of hydrazine into Long Island Sound. The plant's operators were convicted in 1999 for falsifying environmental records related to the hydrazine release.

Following the Time article and the subsequent shutdown of all reactors, unit 2 restarted May 11, 1999 and unit 3 restarted July 1, 1998. Unit 1 was never restarted as the cost of remedying numerous safety issues was too high.

In 2002 Millstone's operators were fined $288,000 for failing to have properly accounted for two uranium fuel rod components that had been misplaced 30 years earlier in 1972.

On April 17, 2005, Millstone unit 3 safely shut down without incident when a circuit board monitoring a steam pressure line short-circuited, which caused the board to malfunction and indicate an unsafe drop in pressure in the reactor's steam system, when in reality there was no drop in steam pressure. The cause was attributed to tin whiskers on the board. In response to this event, Millstone implemented a procedure to inspect for these whiskers at every refueling outage, or 18 months.

In September, 2009, unit 2 shut down when an electrical storm caused power fluctuations. When workers tried to restart the unit, they discovered a small leak in the reactor coolant pump. On December 21, 2009 the Unit 3 reactor tripped and shut down for longer than 72 hours. On July 27, 2009, the Unit 2 reactor tripped and shut down for longer than 72 hours. On August 9, 2013, the Unit 3 reactor tripped and shut down due to a malfunction. In 2016, unit 3 was shut down following a hydrogen gas leak.

Surrounding population
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission defines two emergency planning zones around nuclear power plants: a plume exposure pathway zone with a radius of 10 mi, concerned primarily with exposure to, and inhalation of, airborne radioactive contamination, and an ingestion pathway zone of about 50 mi, concerned primarily with ingestion of food and liquid contaminated by radioactivity.

The 2010 U.S. population within 10 mi of Millstone was 123,482, an increase of 29.5 percent in a decade, according to an analysis of U.S. Census data for msnbc.com. The 2010 U.S. population within 50 mi was 2,996,756, an increase of 9.5 percent since 2000. Cities within 50 miles include Hartford (41 miles to city center) and New Haven (43 miles to city center).

Seismic risk
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's estimate of the risk each year of an earthquake intense enough to cause core damage to the reactor at Millstone was 1 in 90,909 for Reactor 2 and 1 in 66,667 for Reactor 3, according to an NRC study published in August 2010.

title: Millstone Nuclear Power Plant


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gil Martinez

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 09:34, May 2, 2005 (UTC)

Gil Martinez
Delete Not notable, no sources, offensive. RussBlau 15:13, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, speedily if possible, for reasons given by nominator. Thryduulf 20:42, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, personal attack. Megan1967 03:42, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, I'm Portuguese and I have never heard about such thing. Martinez, Samuele de Gaunt and Deanes do Flutos are not Portuguese names, and I've never heard about them, sound like Spanish, but I don't know. Afonso Silva 20:05, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, even if this were a real person, the article doesn't explain why he would deserve an article. RickK 19:49, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this and all related articles, speedily if possible as possible personal attacks. For Afonso's benefit, "Martinez" is a legitimate Spanish name, "do Flutos" sounds to me like butchered Portuguese or really rude English (how does one "do flutos," anyway?) and "de Gaunt" sounds French but is likely bogus.  I love how the vote of a genuine Portuguese leftist caused a sockpuppet panic!  Good catch, Afonso! - Lucky 6.9 07:41, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, probable hoax.-gadfium 08:11, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Pelt (disambiguation)

Untitled
As the original author, I confess agree that it belongs in Wiktionary, not Wikipedia. It's interesting, though, that there are eight links to it. Can the links survive the transwikification? Mwanner 15:13, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC) I think so, but I don't know how. --Doc Glasgow 15:39, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC) add antonyms and synonyms and it's like a dictionary —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.208.249.74 (talk) 02:28, 23 October 2008 (UTC)

The disambig page belongs here, as the wikilinks indicate. No need for a "pelt" article, though. Froid (talk) 20:41, 25 January 2017 (UTC)

Requested move 14 February 2017

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moved. (non-admin closure) Sky  Warrior  19:56, 21 February 2017 (UTC)

Pelt → Pelt (disambiguation) – To redirect Pelt to Fur as a WP:PRIMARYREDIRECT. Steel1943 (talk) 14:34, 14 February 2017 (UTC)
 * Support. Clear primary topic. -- Necrothesp (talk) 14:51, 15 February 2017 (UTC)
 * Support. Srnec (talk) 02:03, 17 February 2017 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Pelt (disambiguation)


text:
Lira, Uganda

Lira is a city in the Northern Region of Uganda. It is the main municipal, administrative, and commercial centre of Lira District.

History
Lira was one of the last towns in Uganda held by loyalists of Idi Amin during the Uganda–Tanzania War (1978–1979). A force consisting of the Tanzania People's Defence Force's 201st Brigade and the Uganda National Liberation Front's Kikosi Maalum attacked Lira on 15 May 1979, ousting the Amin loyalists after a short battle. The clash at Lira was the last important battle of the Uganda–Tanzania War, as the remnants of Amin's army completely disintegrated thereafter.

Location
Lira is approximately 100 km, by road, southeast of Gulu, the largest city in the Northern Region of Uganda, along the highway between Gulu and Mbale. This is approximately 124 km northwest of Soroti, the nearest city to the south.

Lira City is located approximately 337 km, by road, north of the city of Kampala, the capital and largest city in the country. The coordinates of Lira City are 2°14'50.0"N 32°54'00.0"E (Latitude:02.2472; Longitude:32.9000). The city lies at an average elevation of 1063 m, above sea level.

Population
The 2002 national census estimated the population of Lira at 80,900. In 2010, the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) estimated the population at 105,100. In 2011, UBOS estimated the mid-year population at 108,600. The 2014 census put the population at 99,059. The Night Population of Lira City Population is projected (Midyear 2020) from the 2014 National Population and Housing Census (NPHC) is 249,900. The day population is projected at 500,000.

Transport
Lira is served by a railway station of the Uganda Railways network. The city is also served by a public civilian airport, Lira Airport, administered by the Civil Aviation Authority of Uganda.

Power line
An 80 km 132 kilovolt electricity line from the Karuma Power Station is under construction to a substation in Lira, under the supervision of Intec Gopa International Energy Consultants GmbH of Germany.

Points of interest
The following additional points of interest lie within the town limits or close to the edges of the city:
 * Offices of Lira City Council
 * Lira Main Market
 * Ngetta Rock
 * Mount Meru Millers
 * Mukwano Industries Lira factory
 * Lira University, a public university in Uganda
 * Lira Campus of Uganda Martyrs University, a private university, whose main campus is located in Nkozi, Mpigi District
 * All Saints University, a private university affiliated with the Church of Uganda
 * A branch of the National Social Security Fund
 * Ministry of Water and Environment Upper Nile region branch
 * Lira Integrated School, a mixed, residential, nursery, primary and secondary school
 * Secondary schools include the following public schools: Lango College, Comboni College, Dr. Obote College, St. Katherine Girls School.
 * Lira Town College, a secondary school
 * Accommodation facilities include Good news hotel, Lira Hotel, Pacific Grand Hotel, Pauline Hotel and several others.
 * A golf course next to Lira Central Primary School
 * Lira Public Library front view.jpg regional referral hospital, a government facility

Notable people

 * David Oyite Ojok, former major general, liberator and UNLA Chief of Staff
 * Dusman Sabuni, military officer and rebel leader
 * Milton Obote, 2nd President of Uganda

title: Lira, Uganda


text:
Wu Jianquan

Wu Jianquan (1870–1942) was a famous teacher and founder of the neijia martial art of Wu-style tai chi in late Imperial and early Republican China.

Biography
Wu Jianquan was taught martial arts by his father, Wu Quanyou, a senior student of Yang Luchan, and Yang Banhou. Both Wu Jianquan and his father were hereditary Manchu cavalry officers of the Yellow Banner as well as the Imperial Guards Brigade, yet the Wu family were to become patriotic supporters of Sun Yat-sen.

At the time of the establishment of the Chinese Republic in 1912, China was in turmoil, besieged for many years economically and even militarily by several foreign powers, so Wu Jianquan and his colleagues Yang Shaohou, Yang Chengfu and Sun Lutang promoted the benefits of tai chi training on a national scale. They subsequently offered classes at the Beijing Physical Culture Research Institute to as many people as possible, starting in 1914. It was the first school to provide instruction in the art to the general public. Wu Jianquan was also asked to teach the Eleventh Corps of the new Presidential Bodyguard as well as at the nationally famous Ching Wu martial arts school.

As the focus of tai chi teaching in his time changed from a strictly military art to a discipline made available to the general public, Wu Jianquan modified the teaching forms he learned from his father somewhat. Wu Jianquan's changes to the initial forms shown to his students included smoothing overt expressions of fa jin, jumps and other abrupt time changes in the training routines in order to make those forms easier for the general public to learn. These modified elements were preserved and taught in various advanced forms and pushing hands, however.

Wu Jianquan moved his family to Shanghai in 1928. In 1935, he established the Jianquan Taijiquan Association on the ninth floor of the Shanghai YMCA to promote and teach tai chi. What he taught has since become known as Wu-style tai chi and is one of the five primary styles practised around the world.

Jianquan Taijiquan Association schools have subsequently been maintained by Wu's descendants. He was succeeded as head of the Wu family system by his oldest son, Wu Gongyi, in 1942. His second son, Wu Kung-tsao, also became a renowned tai chi master. Wu Gongyi moved the family headquarters to the Hong Kong school (established in 1937) in 1949. Today the Association still has its international headquarters in Hong Kong and is currently managed by Wu's great-grandson, Wu Kuang-yu, with branches in Shanghai, Singapore, Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Greece, Tahiti, and France. Several of Wu's disciples also became well known tai chi teachers. Prominent in that number were the senior disciple, Ma Yueliang, Wu Tunan and Cheng Wing Kwong. His daughter Wu Yinghua and her husband Ma Yueliang continued running the Shanghai Jianquan Taijiquan Association until their deaths in the mid 1990s.

title: Wu Jianquan


text:
User talk:Cassowary

Meetup invitation: Melbourne 26
Hi there! You are cordially invited to a meetup next Sunday (6 January). Details and an attendee list are at Meetup/Melbourne 26. Hope to see you there! John Vandenberg 05:03, 27 December 2012 (UTC)

(this automated message was delivered using replace.py to all users in Victoria)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:01, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:12, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Location map Australia Victoria highways
Template:Location map Australia Victoria highways has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Frietjes (talk) 21:15, 19 December 2018 (UTC)

Deletion discussion about Zero-install
Hello Cassowary, and thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia.

While your contributions are appreciated, I wanted to let you know that I've started a discussion about whether an article that you created, Zero-install, should be deleted, as I am not sure that it is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia in its current form. Your comments are welcome at Articles for deletion/Zero-install.

Deletion discussions usually run for seven days and are not votes. Our guide about effectively contributing to such discussions is worth a read. The most common issue in these discussions is notability, but it's not the only aspect that may be discussed; read the nomination and any other comments carefully before you contribute to the discussion. Last but not least, you are highly encouraged to continue improving the article; just be sure not to remove the tag about the deletion nomination from the top.

If you have any questions, please leave a comment here and prepend it with. And don't forget to sign your reply with. Thanks!

(Message delivered via the Page Curation tool, on behalf of the reviewer.)

GTrang (talk) 04:00, 25 May 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cassowary


text:
Zanardi

 * Zanardi (surname), Italian surname
 * Zanardi (comics), comics character
 * Via Zanardi 33, Italian television series

title: Zanardi


text:
User:JohnWinn/AgeVaticanCity

Created in the last: ten minutes, hour , day , week , month , six months , year , two years , over two years. Created automatically from the history of this article. The ages of links, templated content and image captions are not shown.

The State of the Vatican City (Latin: Status Civitatis Vaticanæ ), is a landlocked enclave surrounded by the city of Rome in Italy, and the smallest independent state in the world (both in area and in population). The Vatican is the home of the Pope, and forms the territory of the Holy See, the central authority of the Roman Catholic Church. The Vatican City includes the Vatican Hill (Mons Vaticanus), whose name predates Christianity, and the Vatican Fields north of the hill, upon which St. Peter's Basilica, the Sistine Chapel, and the Vatican Museums are built.

History
Main article History of the Vatican City

It is supposed that this originally uninhabited part of Rome (the ager vaticanus ) had always been considered sacred, even before the arrival of Christianity. In 326 the first church was built on the supposed site of the tomb of Saint Peter, and from then on the area started to become more populated.

Popes in their secular role gradually extended their control over neighbouring regions and through the Papal States ruled a large portion of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when most of the territory of the Papal States was seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy.

In 1870, the Pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved on February 11, 1929 by three Lateran treaties, which established the independent state of the Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a new concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain provisions of the earlier treaty, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion.

Politics
Main article Politics of the Vatican City

The Vatican is technically a rare case of a non-hereditary elective monarchy; the monarch, the Pope, being elected for life by those Cardinals under the age of 80 during a Conclave (held in the Sistine Chapel). The Pope exercises supreme legislative, executive, and judicial power over the Holy See and the State of the Vatican City.

The term "Holy See" refers to the composite of the authority, jurisdiction, and sovereignty vested in the Pope and his advisers to direct the worldwide Roman Catholic Church. As the "central government" of the Roman Catholic Church, the Holy See has a legal personality that allows it to enter into treaties as the juridical equal of a state. The Pope delegates the internal administration of the Vatican City to the Pontifical Commission for the State of the Vatican City. The legal system is based on canon, or ecclesiastical, law; if canon law is not applicable the laws of the city of Rome apply.

The Pope appoints various members of the Roman Curia to assist in governance of Vatican City. Executive authority is vested in the Governor of Vatican City. The Cardinal Secretary of State is responsible for the foreign relations of the Holy See, and therefore the Vatican. The Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State is the legislature of Vatican City, with members appointed by the pope to 5 year terms. During a sede vacante (papal vacancy), the Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church, former Secretary of State, and former President of the Pontifical Commission form one commission who perform some of the functions of the head of state; while another made up of the Chamberlain and three cardinals, one chosen by lot every three days from each order of cardinals, performing other functions of the head of state. All decisions of these commissions must be approved by the College of Cardinals.

Created in 1929 to provide a territorial identity for the Holy See in Rome, the State of the Vatican City is a recognized national territory under international law. The Holy See, however, enters into international agreements and receives and sends diplomatic representatives. Foreign embassies are located in the Italian part of Rome due to the very limited territory of the state; Italy actually hosts its own Embassy of Italy. The Holy See is a permanent observer in the United Nations, and in July, 2004, gained all the rights of full membership except voting. According to Archbishop Celestino Migliore, Holy See Permanent Observer, "We have no vote because this is our choice." He added that the Vatican considers that its current status "is a fundamental step that does not close any path for the future. The Holy See has the requirements defined by the UN statute to be a member state and, if in the future it wished to be so, this resolution would not impede it from requesting it."

Administration of the Vatican City
The Pope delegates the internal administration of the Vatican City to the Pontifical Commission for the State of the Vatican City. The Vatican City maintains the Swiss Guards, a voluntary military force, as well as a modern security corps. It has its own post office, commissary, bank, railway station, electrical generating plant, and publishing house. The Vatican also issues its own coins, stamps and internet domain ( .va). Radio Vatican, the official radio station, is one of the most influential in Europe. L'Osservatore Romano is the semi-official newspaper, published daily in Italian, and weekly in English, Spanish, Portuguese, German, and French (plus a monthly edition in Polish). It is published by Catholic laymen but carries official information.

Administration of the Holy See
The Pope rules the Holy See through the Roman Curia and the Papal Civil Service. The Roman Curia consists of the Secretariat of State, nine Congregations, three Tribunals, 11 Pontifical Councils, and a complex of offices that administer church affairs at the highest level. The Secretariat of State, under the Cardinal Secretary of State, directs and coordinates the Curia. The current incumbent, Angelo Cardinal Sodano, is the Holy See's equivalent of a prime minister. Archbishop Giovanni Lajolo, Secretary of the Section for Relations With States of the Secretariat of State is the Vatican' s foreign minister. Sodano and Lajolo served in their respective roles under Pope John Paul II and were then reappointed to those same roles by Pope Benedict XVI.

Among the most active of the major Curial institutions are the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, which oversees church doctrine; the Congregation for Bishops, which coordinates the appointment of bishops worldwide; the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, which oversees all missionary activities; and the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, which deals with international peace and social issues.

Three tribunals are responsible for judicial power. The Apostolic Penitentiary deals with matters of conscience; the Sacra Rota is responsible for appeals, including annulments of marriage; and the Apostolic Signatura is the final court of appeal.

The Prefecture for Economic Affairs coordinates the finances of the Holy See departments and supervises the administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See, an investment fund dating back to the Lateran Pacts. A committee of 15 cardinals, chaired by the Secretary of State, has final oversight authority over all financial matters of the Holy See, including those of the Institute for Works of Religion, the Vatican bank.

Geography
Main article Geography of the Vatican City

The Vatican City is situated on the Vatican Hill in the north- western part of Rome, several hundred metres west of the Tiber river, on the latter's right bank. Its borders (3.2km in total, all with Italy) closely follow the city wall constructed to protect the Pope from outside attack. The situation is more complex at the famous St. Peter's Square in front of the St. Peter's Basilica, where the correct border is the middle of the round area surrounded by Bernini's columns. It is the smallest sovereign state in the world at 0.44 km² ( 108.7 acres). According to the Lateran Treaties certain properties of the Holy See, although not being part of the territory of the City State, enjoy the privilege of extraterritoriality (e.g. Major Basilicas, Curial and diocesan offices, Castel Gandolfo). The Pope is the Head of State, though he governs through the Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City.

Its climate is naturally the same as Rome's; a temperate, Mediterranean climate with mild, rainy winters from September to mid-May and hot, dry summers from May to September.

Economy
Main article Economy of the Vatican City

Budget: Revenues (2003) $252 million; expenditures (2003) $264 million. Industries: printing and production of few mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities. This unique, non-commercial economy is also supported financially by contributions (known as Peter's Pence) from Roman Catholics throughout the world, the sale of postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to museums, and the sale of publications. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to, or somewhat better than, those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome.

Demographics
Main article Demographics of the Vatican City

Almost all of Vatican City's 921 citizens live inside the Vatican's walls. The Vatican citizenry consists mostly of clergy, including high dignitaries, priests, nuns, as well as the famous Swiss Guard, a volunteer military force. There are also about 3,000 lay workers who comprise the majority of the Vatican work force, but who reside outside the Vatican.

The official language is Latin, the otherwise extinct language that originated in Rome and has remained in use in the Roman Catholic Church. Italian and, to a lesser extent, other languages are generally used for most conversations, publications, and broadcasts. Swiss German is the official language of the Swiss Guard.

Foreign relations
The Holy See conducts an active diplomacy through the Secretariat of State, headed by the Cardinal Secretary of State. It maintains formal diplomatic relations with 174 nations, 68 of these maintain permanent resident diplomatic missions accredited to the Holy See in Rome. The rest have missions located in Italy with dual accreditation. The Holy See maintains 106 permanent diplomatic missions to nation-states. Furthermore, The Holy See has two separate permanent diplomatic missions: one to the European Union, another to the Russian Federation.

The Holy See is especially active in international organizations. The Holy See has diplomatic relations with the European Union (EU) in Brussels, it is a permanent observer of the United Nations Organization (UN), Organization of American States (OAS) in Washington, Organization of African Unity (OAU), World Tourist Organization (WToO), World Trade Organization (WTO), World Health Organization (WHO), World Food Programme (WFP), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations International Drug Control Programme (UNDCP), United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UNCHS), Latin Union (LU), International Organization for Migration (IOM), International Labour Organization (ILO), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

The Holy See is also an observer on an informal basis of the World Meteorological Organization in Geneva (WMO), United Nations Committee of Peaceful Use of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS), International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR), International Maritime Organization (IMO), African Asian Legal Consultative Committee (AALCC) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

The Holy See is a member of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), International Telecommunication Union (ITU), International Telecommunication Satellite Organization (ITSO), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Universal Postal Union (UPU), International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), International Grains Council (IGC), International Committee of Military Medicine (ICMM), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO). [Source: 2002 Holy See official website]

In 1971, the Holy See announced the decision to adhere to the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in order to "give its moral support to the principles that form the base of the treaty itself." The Holy See is also a participating state in the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe: it is a guest of honour to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe.

Furthermore, the Holy See has a delegate to the Arab League in Cairo (AL).

Culture
Main article Culture of the Vatican City

The Vatican City is itself of great cultural significance. Buildings such as St. Peter's Basilica or the Sistine Chapel are home to some of the most beautiful art in the world, which includes works by artists such as Botticelli, Bernini and Michelangelo. The Vatican Library and the collections of the Vatican Museums are of the highest historical, scientific and cultural importance.

The permanent population of the Vatican City is predominately male, although two orders of nuns live in the Vatican. A minority are senior Catholic clergy; the remainder are members of religious orders. Many workers in the Vatican City live outside its walls, including the Swiss Guard and embassy personnel.

Men, and especially women, must adhere to strict dress codes.

Tourism is an important factor in the daily life of the Vatican. The Pope leads weekly mass and other services, and appears on religious holidays such as Easter.

Transportation and communications
The Vatican City has no airports. There is one heliport and a 862 m standard gauge (1435 mm) railway that connects to Italy's network at Rome's Saint Peter's station.

A newspaper, L'Osservatore Romano, publishes daily in Italian, weekly in English, Spanish, French, German, Portuguese, and monthly in Polish.

The City is served by an independent, modern post office and telephone system. The Vatican (which has its own country code, .va ) has an official website, radio station, and satellite TV channels.

Miscellaneous topics

 * Military of the Vatican City
 * Foreign relations of the Vatican City
 * Prisoner in the Vatican

External links

 * The Vatican official website -
 * Some photos - Text is in Italian
 * Map of Vatican City

Countries and territories of Europe Albania | Andorra | Armenia2 | Austria | Azerbaijan1 | Belarus | Belgium | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bulgaria | Croatia | Cyprus2 | Czech Republic | Denmark | Estonia | Finland | France | Georgia1 | Germany | Greece | Hungary | Iceland | Ireland | Italy | Kazakhstan1 | Latvia | Liechtenstein | Lithuania | Luxembourg | R. Macedonia | Malta | Moldova | Monaco | Netherlands | Norway | Poland | Portugal | Romania | Russia1 | San Marino | Serbia and Montenegro | Slovakia | Slovenia | Spain | Sweden | Switzerland | Turkey1 | Ukraine | United Kingdom | Vatican City Other territories: Akrotiri and Dhekelia2 | Faroe Islands | Gibraltar | Guernsey | Jan Mayen | Jersey | Isle of Man | Svalbard Unrecognised countries: Abkhazia | Nagorno-Karabakh2 | South Ossetia | Transnistria | Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus2
Geographical notes: (1) Partly in Asia; (2) Entirely in Asia but having sociopolitical connections with Europe.

Category:European microstates Category:European countries Category:Holy cities Category:Monarchies Category:Roman Catholic Church Category:Special territories

& Vatikan Ciutat del Vaticà Vatikán Fatican Vatikanstaten Vatikanstadt Vatikano Ciudad del Vaticano Vatikan Vatikaanivaltio Vatican & Vatikan Vatíkanið Città del Vaticano & & Civitas Vaticana Vatikanas Vatikaan Vaticaanstad Vatikanstaten Watykan Vaticano Vatican & Vatican City Vatikan & Vatikanstaten Batikano & Vaticano

title: User:JohnWinn/AgeVaticanCity


text:
Na h-Eileanan an Iar (UK Parliament constituency)

Na h-Eileanan an Iar, formerly Western Isles, is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, created in 1918. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

With around 21,000 registered voters, it has the smallest electorate of any constituency in the United Kingdom. It is expressly protected from being combined with other constituencies by the 2011 Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act.

History
The constituency was formed by merging areas which were formerly within the Ross and Cromarty constituency and the Inverness-shire constituency.

Na h-Eileanan an Iar is Scottish Gaelic for the Western Isles, which was the constituency's name prior to the 2005 general election. An identical constituency with the same name is used by the Scottish Parliament.

Boundaries
The constituency area is that of the Outer Hebrides, known also as Na h-Eileanan Siar, and the constituency has the smallest electorate in the United Kingdom, one-fifth of the size of what was, until the 2024 United Kingdom general election, the largest, the Isle of Wight, which is also an island constituency. However, the Isle of Wight is a substantially smaller parliamentary constituency in geographical terms. It has been suggested that Na h-Eileanan an Iar could be combined with the Orkney and Shetland constituency: the resulting combined electorate would still be well below the average constituency quota. The seat's entire turnout at elections will be less than a winning candidate's vote in a rural English seat.

The Scottish Boundary Commission in 1980 proposed that the seat should be extended to include the Skye and Lochalsh areas; this was overturned at a public enquiry. Generally, considerations of geographical size, a disparate population and convenience for the MPs concerned, as well as tradition and identity, have tended to override the arguments about numerical imbalance. Furthermore, a change in the Boundary Commission's rules in 2000 added a rule which forbade Orkney or Shetland being combined with another council area. In 2011, the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 was introduced, which prevented both Na h-Eileanan an Iar and Orkney and Shetland from being combined with any other constituency.

Local government areas
When created, the area of the constituency was divided between two local government areas: the counties of Ross and Cromarty and Inverness-shire. The division line was the Lewis-Harris boundary, with Lewis in Ross and Cromarty and Harris in Inverness-shire.

In 1975 the constituency area became also an island council area, known as the Western Isles council area. That same area became one of the 32 unitary council areas of Scotland in 1996. The council area is known also as Na h-Eileanan Siar.

Politics
The seat had been a two-way marginal between the Labour Party and the Scottish National Party for many years. In 2005 it became a safe seat for the Scottish National Party. This trend was reversed in the 2017 general election, when the SNP suffered a swing against them for the first time since 1997, but at the 2019 general election the constituency became a safe seat for the SNP again, but at the 2024 general election the seat heavily swung to Labour. For the Conservatives, their vote has increased in recent years, since losing their deposit in the 2005 and 2010 elections, but once again lost their deposit at the 2024 election.

During the 2014 Scottish independence referendum the constituency voted against independence by a margin of 53.42% (10,544) to 46.58% (9,195) in favour on a turnout of 86.2%

The constituency is notable for having the highest percentage of Scottish Gaelic speakers of any constituency in the world.

Elections in the 2010s
MacNeil was suspended from the SNP in July 2023. He had decided to sit as an independent MP after having an argument with the SNP Chief Whip.


text:
Hot Rod (magazine)

Hot Rod is an American car magazine devoted to hot rodding, drag racing, and muscle cars—modifying automobiles for performance and appearance. It was published monthly until 2024, when it transitioned to quarterly publication.

History
Hot Rod is the oldest magazine devoted to hot rodding, having been published since January 1948. Robert E. Petersen founded the magazine and his Petersen Publishing Company was the original publisher. The first editor of Hot Rod was Wally Parks, who went on to found the National Hot Rod Association (NHRA). Petersen Publishing was sold to British publisher EMAP in 1998, who then sold the former Petersen magazines to Primedia in 2001. Today, it was published by Motor Trend Group, formerly known as TEN: The Enthusiast Network and Source Interlink Media. Source Interlink acquired the magazine along with Primedia's Consumer Magazine division in 2007.

Hot Rod has a strategic relationship with Universal Technical Institute, referring to UTI as its sponsor.

In March 1948, Hot Rod published the first appearance of Tom Medley's cartoon hot rodder, Stroker McGurk. The feature would survive until 1955.

Sponsored events
Between 1961 and 1969, the Hot Rod Magazine Championship Drag Races, "one of the most significant drag racing events" of that era, were hosted by the magazine at Riverside Raceway. The championship offered a US$37,000 prize, greater even than a National Hot Rod Association national event prize at the time.

The "Hot Rod Power Tour" is an organized tour where hot rodders drive a pre-planned route throughout the United States. It began in 1995 when Hot Rod staff members decided to take some of their project cars on a cross-country drive from Los Angeles, California to Norwalk, Ohio. Thousands of people participated along the way but only seven participants (other than staff members) made the entire journey and were inducted into the original "Long Hauler Gang". Since its inception, this event has continued to gain in popularity and is now one of the most anticipated automotive events each year. It is typically six to eight days in length and held in late May or early June. In recent years, the tour has evolved to become what is essentially a continuous trek around the United States in that it begins in or near the location that it ended in the previous year. Each stop is combined with events or activities that vary as much as the participants themselves.

The starting points can change from year to year on the power tour. Tour Stops along the way on the power tour often feature entertainment, celebrities, contests, and games.

Video games
Burnout: Championship Drag Racing (1998) was licensed by Hot Rod. ValuSoft has published Hot Rod: American Street Drag and Hot Rod: Garage to Glory, drag racing video games in which the goal is to win the cover feature of Hot Rod magazine.

title: Hot Rod (magazine)


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Wikipedia talk:Revotes on Vfd

When I wrote this I was thinking of a very mechanical, precisely defined, rules oriented way for revotes to happen. It is also possible for revotes to happen in a loose, guideline-oriented, "lets just do what makes sense" way. That is the preferred method.

This is when that method doesn't work.

Maybe this isn't necessary. Maybe the existing guidelines can be rewritten or simply enforced to ensure intelligent, sensible revoting when appropriate. I don't know. But this is here anyway as a think tank proposal.

I do think this is useful. Vfd pages can get cluttered up, especially when the article is rewritten over the course of the Vfd. And people tend to stick with their original impressions and their original opinions, thus evaluating the rewritten article in terms of it's old state in stead of it's new state. A fresh page gives the rewritten article the fresh start it deserves.

- Pioneer-12 20:13, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

This is a bad idea for several reasons. For one, the VfD notice explicitly states that the nominated article is not to be moved while the discussion is ongoing. Secondly, most VfD voters will return to change their votes if the article is changed substantially and if they feel the changes warrant a change in vote. The revote process would just make for instruction creep and overly complicate an already complicated process. android↔talk 15:17, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)

Oppose. The VfD process is (properly) already weighted in favor of keeping articles whenever possible. The combination of requiring rough consensus, making the guideline that 1/3 keeps = no consensus, and allowing the acting sysop to exercise judgement makes it reasonable hard to delete articles unless they're really stinkers, and reasonably easy to keep them.

The proper thing to do when an article is improved is simply to make a conspicuous comment to that effect and urge people to change their votes. The five-day VfD discussion period allows plenty of time for this, not even accounting for the current backlog, and experience shows that many, many discussions conclude with a string of "keep as revised" or "keep improved version" and a judgement that there is no consensus to delete. Most VfD voters keep the discussion page on their watchlists, and if the page has been truly improved a) it's not at all hard to get a handful of changed votes, b) a handful is usually enough to get a total of 1/3 keeps, and c) acting sysops are sympathetic to improved articles.

We do not need to add a mechanism for parliamentary maneuvering. One "delete" vote on a VfD should stick; it should not be necessary to keep voting "delete" over and over again in successive VfD re-votes.

A particularly poisonous aspect is that there is unlikely to be any universal agreement on how much improvement is needed for a re-vote and this will introduce fresh arenas for controversy and fresh opportunity to game the system. Dpbsmith (talk) 22:56, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Coping with loss: How to handle the VfD of a treasured article
If you believe that a substantial rewrite of an article has taken place without due notice of the community, feel free to politely contact individuals who have already contributed to the VfD discussion. They might change their votes. Don't do this very often; editors will get annoyed.

If an article is rewritten very close to the VfD deadline, it may be deleted anyway. Feel free to request its undeletion. That's what Votes for Undeletion is for, with its associated Undeletion policy. Please use sparingly.

We don't need the policy creep or gamesmanship that would come from this proposal. It's meant well, but would ultimately be harmful. --TenOfAllTrades (talk/contrib) 23:24, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your suggestions. Politely contacting individuals and asking them to reelavuate (not necessarily change) their vote in light of the revisions to a page makes sense. However, it's ludicrous that the best course of action is for a page to be deleted and then undeleted. That seems much more like procedure creep then this. A wrongly undeleted page should not have been deleted in the first place. If a page is wrongly deleted and has to be undeleted, then the Vfd system failed. - Pioneer-12 02:42, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * "Policy creep" has a specific meaning here with which you may not be fully familiar. It's what happens when people (usually with the best of intentions) keep writing new rules and policies to handle special and unusual cases that don't come up very often.  The concern is that it may result in very complicated, Byzantine policies, and encourage rules lawyering and other un-wiki behaviour.
 * Votes for Undeletion arose precisely because it was acknowledged that the deletion process is not (and likely can't ever be) perfect. If you like, consider it to be the second-chance extension to VfD you were looking for.  At worst, an article will be out of commission for five days while it is discussed on VfU. From what I can see of VfU, it's a pretty quiet place—which suggests to me that most deletions don't have serious problems.--TenOfAllTrades (talk/contrib) 03:17, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I am familiar with the theory of policy creep aka instruction creep aka procedure creep. In fact, I wrote half of the current instruction creep page. To be frank: the theory of instruction creep is overrated. Policy creep refers to overcomplex, badly written, tedious to follow rules, not to rules in general. Having less rules is not inherently better or worse then more rules; it's the quality and the relevence and the ease of use of rules that matters. I think people have just had bad experiences with poorly written and poorly interpreted rules in the past and thus think it's better to have no rules. (Or only very simple, general rules.) That is an invitation to chaos. If a rule doesn't work properly, then you fix the rule! If there are exceptions to the rule, then you add the exception. Well written rules, when used with wisdom and in good faith, will work properly 99.9% of the time.

 * It is good that you mention rules lawyering. Rules lawyering is when someone tries to use the letter of the law to their advantage, ignoring the spirit of the law. Rules lawyering is not done with good faith, but for personal interests. Rules lawyering is only possible due to imperfectly or sloppily written rules. As the quality of rules increase, the potential for rules lawyering drops asymptotically toward zero.

 * I think the bias against clear rules under the banner of instruction creep is ridiculous and has severely impaired the evolution of an modern and comprehensive rule system on Wikipedia. Right now the Wikipedia policy system is stuck in the middle ages. Vfds pages are like banana republics... ignorance and pettiness are rampant, factions come and go at random, and the whole process is a mockery of consensus.

 * "Undeletion arose precisely because it was acknowledged that the deletion process is not (and likely can't ever be) perfect." Bah! Perfection must always be seeked, even if it cannot be obtained. The Vfd process, as it now stands, is broken. We might not be able to make it 100% foolproof perfect, but we can make it a hell of a lot better then it is now. This proposal won't completely fix it, but it is one way to improve it. - Pioneer-12 03:17, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The problem is that the Vfd system is entirely based on user input, and user input can often be biased or even misused. Indeed there are some groups (like the "Deletionists" and "Inclusionists") who will add notices to their group page of things going on and the rest of the group will merrily march off and vote for their particular "wing" of belief. Not to say such groups are "evil", but their networking could be abused. So really the Vfd is only as flawed as the voters' motives are. Master Thief Garrett 04:06, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * We're kind of stuck with that, though. Until the Wikimedia Foundation's servers achieve consciousness, we have to use human input to make all of our decisions.  For what it's worth, most self-identified inclusionists or deletionists use the label as a description of a personal bias one way or another, rather than a firm policy.  The recent Schoolwatch mess is an unsavoury development, but I would say that it's uncharacteristic of most VfD participants. --TenOfAllTrades (talk/contrib) 05:07, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes we are stuck with the current way. No, it's not firm policy with them at all; it was actually the Schoolwatch I was alluding to, but the name had slipped my mind for some reason. I think it's just so *wrong* if they think that each and every of the 50,000,000+ schools worldwide deserve their own individual pages. I mean, that's more articles than we have now put together... Master Thief Garrett 06:21, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I don't know ... there have been spamming problems before where Users have posted comments on several other Users' pages asking them to reconsider their votes, and the community has generally frowned on the spamming. It has even been used as evidence in an RfC. RickK 05:10, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Opinions have varied about that, I think it's fair to say. Would you agree, Rick, that there's a difference between personal messages, tailored to individuals, which ask them to reevaluate their vote, given that their specific concerns have been met, and simply messaging anyone you think will vote your way to delete or include an article?Grace Note 05:14, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, I would definitely agree that there is a difference there. RickK 05:16, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Re: Messaging people asking for their vote. In a democratic country, that's called Get out the vote, and it's a highly respected practice, as it encourages more people to vote on issues. Wikipedia is more consensus then democracy, but the same reasoning applies. A higher voter turnout is better--even if you are just appealing to a certain block of voters. It just doesn't make sense to go up to people who campaign in a strategic manner and tell them "Hey, stop that!" (I've seen admins campaign for votes, by the way.) A vote is a vote, and a campaign is a campaign. It's politics. Sometimes the side whose opinion "wins out" is the side who is most passionate about an issue. That is not necessarily a bad thing... passion of opinion should be a consideration during the voting process and during the consensus process.

 * In Wikipedia, bringing more people into the voting process means that the discussion will be participated by a larger portion of the community, each with their own views and concerns. This means that the ultimate consensus, if one is achieved, will have considered and accommodated a wider array of views and objections, and that the ultimate decision or compromise is more likely to be a wise and mutually acceptable one.

 * Unfortunately the vfd process is very fouled up since only a small percentage of the community chooses to vote on any one vfd. Which means, on any given vote, decisions which affect everyone are being decided by a tiny fraction of the community. Are their opinions really representative of the community at large? You can't say for sure. A page may come up for vfd one day and get almost total support. It may come up for vfd another day (or, more likely, a very similar page comes up for vfd), and, for whatever reason, the people who support the concept aren't around.... and suddenly the page gets almost no support. It's statistically improbable, but it can happen.

 * Granted, you aren't going to get 100% turnout in any vote, but when turnout is less then one percent, the results are unreliable at best.

 * Not to mention how the votes are cast and then objections are made and discussions joined in response to votes.... how utterly backward! It's this backwardness that necessitates this "revote clause", aka a "do-over clause".

 * The current vfd system is flawed all over the place. I'm looking into ways of improving it. This is just the first suggestion. Stay tuned.... and drop me a message if you have any suggestions of your own.

 * - Pioneer-12 06:16, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

from vfd
Votes for deletion/Revotes on Vfd 01:19, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Revotes on Vfd


text:
PDK

PDK may refer to:

Politics

 * Democratic Party of Kosovo (Albanian: Partia Demokratike e Kosovës), a political party in Kosovo
 * Kurdistan Democratic Party
 * Party of Democratic Kampuchea
 * Phi Delta Kappa, an organization for educators
 * The Christians (Norway) (Norwegian: Partiet De Kristne), a political party in Norway

Places

 * DeKalb–Peachtree Airport, Atlanta, Georgia, US
 * Pind Dadan Khan, Punjab, Pakistan

Technical

 * Porsche Doppelkupplungsgetriebe, Porsche's dual-clutch transmission
 * Process design kit, files for semiconductor manufacture
 * Polydiketoenamine, a polymer

Science

 * Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase
 * Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase

Arts

 * PDK (Namibian music group)

title: PDK