text:
Lamproite

Lamproite is an ultrapotassic mantle-derived volcanic or subvolcanic rock. It has low CaO, Al2O3, Na2O, high K2O/Al2O3, a relatively high MgO content and extreme enrichment in incompatible elements.

Lamproites are geographically widespread yet are volumetrically insignificant. Unlike kimberlites, which are found exclusively in Archaean cratons, lamproites are found in terrains of varying age, ranging from Archaean in Western Australia, to Palaeozoic and Mesozoic in southern Spain. They also vary widely in age, from Proterozoic to Pleistocene, the youngest known example from Gaussberg in Antarctica being 56,000 ± 5,000 years old.

Lamproite volcanology is varied, with both diatreme styles and cinder cone or cone edifices known.

Petrology
Lamproites form from partially melted mantle at depths exceeding 150 km. The molten material is forced to the surface in volcanic pipes, bringing with it xenoliths and diamonds from the harzburgitic peridotite or eclogite mantle regions where diamond formation is stabilized.

Recent research, for example on the lamproites at Gaussberg in Antarctica, and lead-lead isotope geochemistry have revealed that the source of lamproites may be transition zone melts of subducted lithosphere which has become trapped at the base of the lithospheric mantle. This observation also reconciles the depth of melting with the peculiar geochemistry, which is most easily explained by melting of already felsic material under deep mantle conditions.

Mineralogy
The mineralogy of lamproites is controlled by their peculiar geochemistry, with a predominance of rare silica-deficient mineral species and rare, mantle-derived minerals predominating.

Minerals typical of lamproites include: forsteritic olivine; high iron leucite; titanium-rich aluminium-poor phlogopite; potassium- and titanium-rich richterite; low aluminium diopside; and iron-rich sanidine. A variety of rare trace minerals occur. The rocks are high in potassium with 6 to 8% potassium oxide. High chromium and nickel content is typical. The rocks commonly are altered to talc with carbonate or serpentine, chlorite, and magnetite. Zeolites and quartz may also occur.

Lamproites are characterized by the presence of widely varying amounts (5-90 vol.%) of the following primary phases (Mitchell & Bergman, 1991):

The presence of all the above phases is not required in order to classify a rock as a lamproite. Any one mineral may be dominant, and this, together with the two or three other major minerals present, suffices to determine the petrographic name.
 * titanian (2-10 wt.% TiO2), aluminium-poor (5-12 wt.% Al2O3) phenocrystic phlogopite;
 * titanian (5-10 wt.% TiO2) groundmass poikilitic "tetraferriphlogopite";
 * titanian (3-5 wt.% TiO2), potassium (4-6 wt.% K2O) richterite;
 * forsteritic (Mg) olivine;
 * aluminium-poor (<1 wt.% Al2O3), sodium-poor (<1 wt.% Na2O) diopside;
 * nonstoichiometric iron-rich (1-4 wt.% Fe2O3) leucite, and;
 * iron-rich sanidine (typically 1-5 wt.% Fe2O3).

The presence of the following minerals precludes a rock from being classified as a lamproite: primary plagioclase, melilite, monticellite, kalsilite, nepheline, Na-rich alkali feldspar, sodalite, nosean, hauyne, melanite, schorlomite or kimzeyite.

Geochemistry
Lamproites conform to the following chemical characteristics:

 * molar K2O/Na2O > 3, i.e., ultrapotassic;
 * molar K2O/Al2O3 > 0.8 and commonly > 1;
 * molar (K2O + Na2O)/Al2O3 typically > 1, i.e., peralkaline;
 * typically < 10 wt.% each of FeO and CaO, TiO2 1-7 wt.%, > 2000 and commonly > 5000 ppm Ba, > 500 ppm Zr, > 1000 ppm Sr, and > 200 ppm La.

Economic importance
The economic significance of lamproite became known with the discovery of Ellendale E4 and E9 lamproite pipes and better known 1979 discovery of the Argyle diamond pipe in Western Australia. This discovery led to the intense study and re-evaluation of other known lamproite occurrences worldwide; previously only kimberlite pipes were considered economically viable sources of diamonds.

The Argyle diamond mine remains the only economically viable source of lamproite diamonds. This deposit differs markedly by having a high content of diamonds but low quality of most stones. Research at Argyle diamond have shown that most stones are of E-type; they originate from eclogite source rocks and were formed under high temperature ~1400 °C. The Argyle diamond mine is the main source of rare pink diamonds.

Olivine lamproite pyroclastic rocks and dikes are sometimes hosts for diamonds. The diamonds occur as xenocrysts that have been carried to the surface or to shallow depths by the lamproite diapiric intrusions.

The diamonds of Crater of Diamonds State Park near Murfreesboro, Arkansas are found in a lamproite host.

Nomenclature
Lamproites, as a group, were known by a variety of localised names because their mineralogy is quite variable, and because of their rarity often few examples of the following lamproite variants were known. Modern terminology classes all as lamproites but modifies this term with the mineral abundances as per the standard IUGS rules.

title: Lamproite


text:
Talk:List of file systems

Hadoop still under development
Does it make sense to still call HDFS under development? The project now claims stable release to be 1.0.4 and HDFS is widely popular. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.91.173.34 (talk) 13:55, 16 January 2013 (UTC)
 * I moved it to the main table; not sure about the status of the others or if it makes sense to have separate lists. -- Beland (talk) 19:05, 21 March 2013 (UTC)

more missing file systems
I note that the following appear to be missing (from memory, this list): CP/M-80, Flex, mini-FLEX, FLEX9, Uniflex, OS-9, Hemenway OS-68 file system, Smoke Signal Systems (SSB-DOS), and of course many others even more obscure from the wild and wooly days of the first 8-bit CPUs. If WP is to have completeish coverage of this subject, these should not be neglected. 67.86.175.54 04:53, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I also agree with this post. What is the point of not having these lesser-known file system formats? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Hsleep (talk • contribs).

 * Thank you for your suggestion! When you feel an article needs improvement, please feel free to make those changes. Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone can edit almost any article by simply following the  link at the top. You don't even need to log in (although there are many reasons why you might want to).  The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold in updating pages. Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes — they're likely to be found and corrected quickly. If you're not sure how editing works, check out how to edit a page, or use the sandbox to try out your editing skills.  New contributors are always welcome. Guy Harris 07:38, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

Also missing is Os used by the Apples Newton MessagePad. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mwaisberg (talk • contribs) 08:04, 15 January 2010 (UTC)

missing: exanodes by seanodes? (spelling?)  HPC realm useless: starfish was never released publicly and has changed into an internet/media content dist. fs that is private.

 * I added Flex machine (of the many Flexes mentioned), OS-9, and Newton as requested above. I couldn't find article on the other items mentioned, so someone who is interested will need to find some sources and add material. -- Beland (talk) 17:11, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

Should we add SFTP as a distributed file system? I think it has properties of a filesystem (file descriptors instead of file names are used used for further I/O) --.yxzxzyzyyz. (talk) 14:21, 27 August 2017 (UTC)

HP Clustered File System?
I removed the following entry since I couldn't find any more information about it. Is it a duplicate of PolyServe file system which also is called PSFS? --JerkerNyberg 10:34, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

 * HP Clustered File System (PSFS) from HP focus on exporting to clients over CIFS or NFS. Available for Linux and Windows. Symmetric.

I found some web pages that make it look like they are the same; I added a note to the article with a citaton. -- Beland (talk) 17:14, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

Organizing Distributed FSs
I think that the criteria for the 4 distributed file system sections is rather not well thought out. Fault Tolerance and parallelism are features, but they do not seem to be so important for organizing. One strong reason is that most of the distributed systems offer some level of each. The hard part is figuring out where to draw the line, read-write distinctions (as can be seen in the AFS comment below), stripping... Another reason is that many seem to be in development still and plan on offering these features so they will likely change over time.

My suggestion might be to choose different high level criteria. I feel that key value filesystems vs traditional might be a start. Also, perhaps separating filesystems which are really just application libraries versus supported by the OSes normal file APIs might be another good separation? These might not be ideal, but I feel the current situation does not help very much for someone trying to research filesystems. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.162.99.237 (talk) 18:23, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

I'm going to agree. this needs a few different modifiers to sort by. WAN vs local? High perf vs ?? feature set? The current layout makes no sense.

 * I agree that the current organization is confusing.
 * Why is Tahoe-LAFS in both the "Distributed fault-tolerant file system" and the "Distributed parallel fault-tolerant file system" sections?
 * Why is the "N-way redundant file system" mentioned in the "Distributed parallel file system" section not in the "Distributed parallel fault-tolerant file system" section?
 * A criteria I wish this article had (but perhaps I'm not the typical reader) is file systems designed to be geographically distributed across multiple cities with high-latency links, vs. file systems that assume all the data is stored in a single building with low-latency links. --DavidCary (talk) 14:34, 2 July 2014 (UTC)

Isn't Andrew File System (AFS) fault tolerant ?
As far as I can tell, AFS clients can fail over to another server automatically. Why is it then not listed as "fault tolerant" ?

Sorry that I don't have a reference, but the G should be able to help you out. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.134.6.100 (talk) 07:25, 23 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Both NFS and AFS may run with several read-only servers with automatic fail over. But read/write operation with multiple servers or automatic failover is trickier and is as far as I know not built into AFS. Please correct me if I am wrong here. --JerkerNyberg (talk) 10:12, 12 November 2008 (UTC)

List disk encryption systems here?
Disk encryption systems do not organize files but use other file systems for that purpose so IMHO there's no reason for them to be listed here. --StenSoft (talk) 15:42, 29 October 2008 (UTC)

 * I removed them. --JerkerNyberg (talk) 10:19, 12 November 2008 (UTC)

Hmm, but some encryption systems do "organize" files. For example: truecrypt hides files within a file (which could be viewed as a block). Surely, this system does more than encryption.

FUSE variants
Why do we list FUSE, LUFS, etc. in this special-purpose FS's section? These aren't filesystems at all. These are just mechanisms for building FS's in userspace. While I can understand the reason for listing them in an FS article, it would be better (and clearer) for them to be in their own section as non-Filesystems. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.244.81.169 (talk) 02:03, 12 March 2009 (UTC)

Mnesia removed
I removed Mnesia since it is a DB and I don't see other DBs listed here. If Mnesia is included, why not CouchDB, or Berkely DB? Again, perhaps a clearer focus would help for this page. Perhaps Key/Value filesystems should not even be on this page, perhaps they should be on a DB page? I don't think it would be appropriate to add gdbm to this list, so why should something similar but distributed by listed here as a filesystem? I know there is a lot of overlap between filesystems and databases, but pure databases are not listed here. One things that perhaps should be required to be on this page: file based (if record based, then why call it a file system, call it a DB). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.162.99.237 (talk) 19:55, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

Exanet was purchased by Dell on Feb 2011
ExaStore is now DSFS - Dell's Scalable File System. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.65.193.7 (talk) 17:21, 8 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Updated; thanks! -- Beland (talk) 18:28, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

Is Hashcache a file system?
I can't figure out if HashCache belongs on this list. Does it count as a file system? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.241.249.74 (talk) 08:05, 20 September 2011 (UTC)
 * The paper describes it as a storage engine for a cache; I assume it operates on top of a conventional disk filesystem. If so, then I would say no, HashCache is not itself a filesystem. -- Beland (talk) 18:37, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

Adding info about abilities to connect to dynamic DNS hosts
I'd like to add information about the abilities of fs to connect to servers/cells/peer which are identified by domain names and might have changing IPv4s (dynamic DNS/DDNS). Imo it only makes sense when the information in list-form is transformed into a table. Any one opposed? Zgh (talk) 09:56, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Missing betrfs
https://www.betrfs.org/

The Bε-tree File System, or BetrFS, is an in-kernel file system that uses Bε trees to organize on-disk storage. Bε trees are a write-optimized dictionary, and offer the same asymptotic behavior for sequential I/O and point queries as a B-tree. The advantage of a B ε tree is that it can also ingest small, random writes 1-2 orders of magnitude faster than B-trees and other standard on-disk data structures.

The goal of BetrFS is to realize performance that strictly dominates the performance of current, general-purpose file systems. 2A00:102A:401E:90F9:C0FB:7A94:3A66:637 (talk) 08:19, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
 * You could always add something about it to the list, although adding a page about it first, and linking to that page, wuld be best. Guy Harris (talk) 20:15, 31 December 2023 (UTC)

Remove "External links modified" by —InternetArchiveBot
Is there any reason to retain these notifications? DGerman (talk) 22:51, 1 February 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:List of file systems


text:
Talk:Out of Our Heads

Number of songs written by Jagged/Richards
The third paragraph indicates 4/12 for the UK album version and 6/12 for the US album version. However, a count in the track listing's section indicates 3/12 UK version and 4/12 US version. 2600:1700:C400:52F0:CC47:F6FB:93CD:192A (talk) 23:18, 20 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Read up about Nanker Phelge, then do a recount. --Wrongfilter (talk) 06:33, 21 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Out of Our Heads


text: Category:Asteroid stubs

title: Category:Asteroid stubs


text:
Hydrohalogenation

A hydrohalogenation reaction is the electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides like hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide to alkenes to yield the corresponding haloalkanes.

 * HBr-addition.svg

If the two carbon atoms at the double bond are linked to a different number of hydrogen atoms, the halogen is found preferentially at the carbon with fewer hydrogen substituents, an observation known as Markovnikov's rule. This is due to the abstraction of a hydrogen atom by the alkene from the hydrogen halide (HX) to form the most stable carbocation (relative stability: 3°>2°>1°>methyl), as well as generating a halogen anion.

A simple example of a hydrochlorination is that of indene with hydrogen chloride gas (no solvent):
 * HydrochloricAcidAdditionIndene.svg

Alkynes also undergo hydrohalogenation reactions. Depending on the exact substrate, alkyne hydrohalogenation can proceed though a concerted protonation/nucleophilic attack (AdE3) or stepwise by first protonating the alkyne to form a vinyl cation, followed by attack of HX/X− to give the product (AdE2) (see electrophile for arrow pushing). As in the case of alkenes, the regioselectivity is determined by the relative ability of the carbon atoms to stabilize positive charge (either a partial charge in the case of a concerted transition state or a full formal charge for a discrete vinyl cation). Depending on reaction conditions, the main product could be this initially formed alkenyl halide, or the product of twice hydrohalogenation to form a dihaloalkane. In most cases, the main regioisomer formed is the gem-dihaloalkane. This regioselectivity is rationalized by the resonance stabilization of a neighboring carbocation by a lone pair on the initially installed halogen. Depending on relative rates of the two steps, it may be difficult to stop at the first stage, and often, mixtures of the mono and bis hydrohalogenation products are obtained.

Anti-Markovnikov addition
In the presence of peroxides, HBr adds to a given alkene in an anti-Markovnikov addition fashion. Regiochemistry follows from the reaction mechanism, which exhibits halogen attack on the least-hindered unsaturated carbon. The mechanism for this chain reaction resembles free radical halogenation, in which the peroxide promotes formation of the bromine radical. However, this process is restricted to addition of HBr. Of the other hydrogen halides (HF, HCl, and HI), only HCl reacts similarly, and the process is too slow for synthetic use. (With HF and HI, the energy released in the halogen-carbon addition does not suffice to cleave another hydrogen-halogen bond. Consequently the chain cannot propagate.)

The resulting 1-bromoalkanes are versatile alkylating agents. By reaction with dimethyl amine, they are precursors to fatty tertiary amines. By reaction with tertiary amines, long-chain alkyl bromides such as 1-bromododecane, give quaternary ammonium salts, which are used as phase transfer catalysts.

With Michael acceptors the addition is also anti-Markovnikov because now a nucleophilic X− reacts in a nucleophilic conjugate addition for example in the reaction of HCl with acrolein.

Scope
Recent research has found that adding silica gel or alumina to H-Cl (or H-Br) in dichloromethane increases the rate of reaction making it an easy one to carry out.

title: Hydrohalogenation


text:
Bob Dorough

Robert Lrod Dorough (December 12, 1923 – April 23, 2018) was an American bebop and cool jazz vocalist, pianist, and composer. He became famous as the composer and performer of songs in the TV series Schoolhouse Rock!, as well as for his work with Miles Davis, Blossom Dearie, and others.

Early life
Robert Lrod Dorough was born in Cherry Hill, Polk County, Arkansas and grew up in Plainview, Texas. During World War II, he participated in Army bands as pianist, clarinetist, saxophonist, and arranger. After that, he attended North Texas State University, where he studied composition and piano.

Career
From 1949 to 1952 Dorough was a graduate student at Columbia University in New York City, and on the side played piano at local jazz clubs. He was hired for a tour by boxer Sugar Ray Robinson, who had interrupted his boxing career to pursue music. In Paris from 1954 to 1955 he worked as a musician and musical director, recording with jazz vocalist Blossom Dearie.

When Dorough returned to the United States, he moved to Los Angeles, where he performed in various clubs, including a job between sets by comedian Lenny Bruce. His first album, Devil May Care, came out in 1956 and contained a version of Charlie Parker's "Yardbird Suite" with lyrics added by Dorough. Jazz trumpeter Miles Davis liked the album, and in 1962 when Columbia Records asked Davis to make a Christmas record, he sought out Dorough to provide lyrics and vocals. "Blue Xmas" appeared on the compilation album Jingle Bell Jazz. During that session Dorough recorded another song for Davis, "Nothing Like You," which appeared a few years later at the end of the Sorcerer album, making Dorough one of the few musicians with a vocal performance on a Miles Davis record.

In 1969, Dorough participated as arranger, choir vocalist, and pianist for beat poet Allen Ginsberg's 1970 LP Songs of Innocence and Experience, a musical adaptation of William Blake's poetry collection of the same name.

From 1972 to 1996, and for direct-to-video releases in 2002 and 2009, Dorough wrote and directed episodes of Schoolhouse Rock!, an educational animated series that appeared on TV. He got the job when advertiser David McCall asked him in 1969 to put the multiplication tables to music, with "Three Is a Magic Number" earning him the job as the series' musical director. Dorough wrote all the songs for Multiplication Rock, the first of six eventual subject areas (the others being Grammar Rock, America Rock, Science Rock, Money Rock and Earth Rock, to which he also contributed songs and performances).

With his friend Ben Tucker, Dorough wrote the song "Comin' Home Baby", which gave Mel Tormé a Top 40 hit and two Grammy Award nominations. He was a partner for many years with Stuart Scharf, producing two albums for the folk-pop band Spanky and Our Gang and adding jazz arrangements to their sound. Spanky recorded Dorough's 1-3-5-8 (Pedagogical Round #2), a clever round where the lyrics indicate the notes.

Dorough was the vocalist for The 44th Street Portable Flower Factory, recording cover versions of popular music for Scholastic Records in the early 1970s. Dorough remained with the show from 1973 to 1985.

Later career
From 1985 to 1993 he toured Europe several times with the saxophone player Michael Hornstein, bassist Bill Takas and drummer Fred Braceful.

At the age of 73, Dorough, whose previous albums had been released by smaller, more obscure labels, signed his first contract with a major record label, Blue Note Records.

Dorough worked with Nellie McKay on her 2007 album Obligatory Villagers as well as her 2009 release Normal as Blueberry Pie – A Tribute to Doris Day.

He continued to do occasional work intended for children. He wrote an illustrated book of Blue Xmas, published by Circumstantial Productions, and three songs to accompany Maureen Sullivan's books about Carlos the French bulldog: Ankle Soup, Custard and Mustard and Christmas Feet.

Death
Dorough died on April 23, 2018, at his home in Mount Bethel, Pennsylvania, at the age of 94.

Awards and honors

 * In 1974, Dorough received a Grammy nomination for Best Recording for Children.
 * In 1998, Dorough was inducted into the Arkansas Jazz Hall of Fame.
 * He received Artist of the Year at the 2002 Pennsylvania Governor's Awards for the Arts.
 * In December 2007, Dorough was honored by East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania with a Doctor of Fine Arts honorary degree.
 * In 2019, the Schoolhouse Rock! soundtrack was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Recording Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
 * In 2019, he was recognized as a 2019 Jazz Master by the National Endowment for the Arts.

As leader

 * Devil May Care (Bethlehem, 1956)
 * Just About Everything (Focus, 1966)
 * I'll Never Fall in Love Again (Music Minus One, 1970)
 * A Taste of Honey (Music Minus One, 1972)
 * Multiplication Rock (Capitol, 1973)
 * Watch What Happens! (Music Minus One, 1974)
 * Beginning to See the Light with Bill Takas (Laissez-Faire, 1976)
 * An Excursion Through "Oliver!" (Music Minus One, 1963)
 * Devil May Care (52e Rue Est, 1983)
 * Hoagy's Children with Dick Sudhalter, Barbara Lea (Audiophile, 1983)
 * Sing and Swing with Bill Takas (Red, 1984)
 * Clankin' on Tin Pan Alley with Bill Takas (Bloomdido, 1986)
 * Skabadabba (Pinnacle, 1987)
 * Songs of Love (Orange Blue, 1988)
 * This Is a Recording of Pop Art Songs (Laissez-Faire, 1991)
 * Right On My Way Home (Blue Note, 1997)
 * Too Much Coffee Man (Blue Note, 2000)
 * Who's On First? with Dave Frishberg (Blue Note, 2000)
 * To Communicate (Vivid Sound, 2004)
 * Sunday at Iridium (Arbors, 2004)
 * Complete Recordings with Sam Most (Lone Hill, 2004)
 * Small Day Tomorrow (Candid, 2006)
 * The Devils Best Tunes: The Beatnik Scat of Bob Dorough (Fingertips, 2011)
 * Duets (COTAjazz, 2012)
 * Eulalia (Merry Lane, 2014)
 * But for Now (Enja, 2015)
 * Live at the Deer Head Inn (Deer Head, 2016)

Singles

 * "Ankle Soup" (2011)
 * "Christmas Feet" (2011)
 * "Custard and Mustard" (2011)
 * "'P' is for the People" (2011)
 * "Blue Xmas (To Whom It May Concern)" Columbia Records/Blue Vinyl/Record Store Day 2014

As sideman or guest

 * Sam Most: Bebop Revisited, Vol. 3 (Xanadu, 1953)
 * Buddy Banks Quartet: Jazz in Paris – Buddy Banks/Bobby Jaspar – Jazz de Chambre (EmArcy, 1956)
 * Sam Most: Sam Most Plays Bird, Bud, Monk and Miles (Bethlehem, 1957)
 * Miles Davis: Facets (Columbia,1967)
 * Miles Davis: Sorcerer (Columbia, 1967)
 * Allen Ginsberg: Songs of Innocence and Experience (MGM, 1970)
 * Various: That's The Way I Feel Now: A Tribute to Thelonious Monk (A&M, 1984)
 * Harold Danko: Alone But Not Forgotten (Sunnyside, 1985/86)
 * Naked City: Grand Guignol (Avant, 1992)
 * Michael Hornstein: Innocent Gem (Enja, 1995)
 * Hoagy's Children, Vol. 1 (Audiophile, 1994)
 * Hoagy's Children, Vol. 2 (Audiophile, 1994)
 * Various: Jazzmass (COTA, 1995)
 * Blossom Dearie: I'm Hip (Columbia, 1998)
 * Various: The Reasons for Christmas Project (PATH, 2003)
 * Nellie McKay: Obligatory Villagers (Vanguard, 2007)
 * Nellie McKay: Normal as Blueberry Pie: A Tribute to Doris Day (Verve Records, 2009)
 * Various Artists: Jazz Canto Vol. 1 (an anthology of poetry and jazz) (Righteous, 2009)

title: Bob Dorough


text:
Talk:Serine

Untitled

 * What are the chemical properties for serine?

 * References are quite essential for at least some of the claims made here, especially with regard to chemical properties, role in diabetes, etc.
 * Perhaps you could provide some! Slow Graffiti (talk) 05:57, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

 * this article could use some clarification as to what serine and glycine's relation is. in the "occurrence" section it is listed as being synthesized from glycine. then in the "Function -metabolic" section it said to be a precursor for glycine. it seems to imply that both are needed to produce the other. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.230.234.178 (talk) 19:31, 4 September 2010 (UTC)

Dietary requirements
How much serine do humans use each day ? Can the elderly synthesize enough or can they have serine deficiency independent of a protein deficiency ? Can low serine be measured by a blood test ? Rod57 (talk) 12:13, 27 February 2011 (UTC)

I believe the line diagram on the right hand side of the page showing the structure of serine is wrong- it shows serine as having only 2 carbons, not 3. Compare to the adjacent ball and stick model and the line diagrams in the text. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.36.116.158 (talk) 21:58, 22 August 2012 (UTC)

Stereoisomers
The text refers to the L- and D- forms, but one of the diagrams refers to the S- and R- forms. This could do to be clarified. Lavateraguy (talk) 19:34, 28 October 2013 (UTC)

Better yet, an can D-serine have it's own page? It has a very different biological role from L-serine--e.g. at the Glutamate NMDA receptor. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 169.230.26.146 (talk) 14:22, 13 January 2015 (UTC)

To clarify in article
Why is the term "L-serine" (with "L") mentioned again and again in this article, yet never defined, and it's never explained what the "L" signifies? Please fix. 76.190.213.189 (talk) 00:44, 20 May 2024 (UTC)

Possible role as Alzheimer's treatment
This CNN video indicates that L-serine may help prevent cognitive impairment leading to Alzheimer's disease. Should we add information to this article about this? Source: https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/17/health/video/alzheimers-disease-l-serine-sanjay-gupta-lbb-digvid 76.190.213.189 (talk) 00:47, 20 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Serine


text:
ENAIRE

ENAIRE is the air navigation manager in Spain, certified for the provision of enroute, approach and aerodrome control services. As a public corporate entity attached to the Spanish Ministry of Public Works, it is responsible for air traffic control, aeronautical information and the communication, navigation and surveillance networks so air companies and their aircraft can fly safely and in an organised format within Spanish airspace.

By volume of air traffic, ENAIRE is the fourth largest air navigation service provider in Europe, with approximately 2 million flights per year. ENAIRE manages 2.2 million km2 of airspace from five air control centres and 21 control towers.

ENAIRE controls a complex airspace of over 2,000,000 km2, including one continental area and oceanic area. It also handles flights entering Europe from America and Africa, as Spain is the port of entry linking traffic from these destinations with Europe, Germany, France and the United Kingdom. ENAIRE adapts to the seasonal nature of air traffic in Spain, where there is a considerably larger number of flights during the summer months. Spain is recorded to have the third-largest number of tourists in the world.

ENAIRE participates in projects of the European Union related to the implementation of the Single European Sky, such as the group A6 and the European joint undertaking iTEC (with Indra and the air navigation providers NATS (United Kingdom), DFS (Germany), LVNL (Netherlands), Avinor (Norway), PANSA (Poland) and Oro Navigacija (Lithuania). ENAIRE is also a full member of CANSO.

ENAIRE owns 51% of the capital of AENA S.A., the world's largest airport manager, with a network of 46 airports and 2 heliports in Spain. These include Madrid-Barajas, Barcelona-El Prat, Palma de Mallorca and Málaga-Costa del Sol. This network records more than 207 million passengers per year. In addition, AENA S.A. participates in the management of 15 further airports in the United Kingdom, Colombia and Mexico.

Duties
Under the Act 09/2010, ENAIRE is the company designated by the State for the supply of air traffic services in the en-route and approach phases.

ENAIRE performs the following air navigation functions: ENAIRE provides air navigation services using the following equipment and installations: ENAIRE performs the national and international operational coordination of the Spanish air traffic management network through efficient airspace management, taking into account respect for the environment and the needs of users.
 * The planning, management, coordination, operation, maintenance and administration of air traffic, the services of telecommunications and aeronautical information, as well as the infrastructure, facilities and communications networks of the air navigation system. The aim is to ensure that the aircraft moving around Spanish airspace obtain the utmost security, fluidity, efficiency and punctuality.
 * The preparation and approval of different kinds of projects, as well as the implementation and management of investment control.
 * Evaluation of the needs and proposals for new infrastructure, as well as possible modifications to the structure of the airspace.
 * Participation in specific aeronautical training, subject to the concession of official licenses.
 * 5 control centres (Barcelona, Canary Islands, Madrid, Palma de Mallorca and Seville).
 * 21 control towers (Adolfo Suárez-Madrid Barajas, Almería, Asturias, Barcelona-El Prat, Bilbao, Girona-Costa Brava, Gran Canaria, Federico García Lorca Granada-Jaén, Palma de Mallorca, Málaga-Costa del Sol, Melilla, Menorca, Reus, San Sebastián, Santiago de Compostela, Seve Ballesteros-Santander, Tenerife Norte, Tenerife Sur and Vitoria).
 * 136 radio aids supporting navigation en route.
 * 50 radio aids providing airport guidance.
 * 49 en route surveillance systems, in airport proximities and on the ground at airfields.
 * 18 communications centres to cover Ground/Ground and Ground/Air communications.
 * 83 communications nodes for data transmission.

These services are provided from the five regional directorates of ENAIRE: Centre-North, East, South, Canary Islands and Balearic Islands, whose headquarters lie respectively in the control centres (ACC) of Madrid, Barcelona, Seville, Gran Canaria and Palma de Mallorca.

History
In 1958, under the Act of 26 December 1958, the National Airports Executive was created as a corporation of public law of an autonomous nature, attached to the Air Ministry, which, as a consequence of the Act of 26 December 1958, on the Juridical Regime for Autonomous State Entities, became the Autonomous National Airport Authority (OAAN).

As a consequence of the Air Navigation Act, the OAAN was created, attached to the Air Ministry and dependent on the Subsecretariat for Civil aviation. In 1963 the Subsecretariat for Civil aviation was created within the Air Ministry (still a military authority), to which the OAAN was attached.

Spain signed an agreement with Eurocontrol as an associate state in 1972. The Autonomous National Airport Authority, dependent upon the Air Ministry, signed a convention with Eurocontrol in consideration for the use of the Air Navigation Facilities Network.

In 1977, the creation of the Ministry for Transport and Communications entailed the integration of the Subsecretariat for Civil Aviation into the national civil service.

In 1982 the disappearance of the Subsecretariat for Civil Aviation gave place to the creation of the General Directorate for Civil Aviation (DGAC), which took on the legislative and regulatory powers, as well as those of air navigation. OAAN became part of the Ministry for Transport, Tourism and Communications).

Creation of the public entity Aeropuertos Españoles y Navegación Aérea (AENA)
Under the Royal Decree 905/1991, of 14 June, the statute of the public entity AENA (acronym: Spanish Airports and Air Navigation) was approved, and this came into force on 19 June 1991, the day following its publication in the Official Spanish Gazette (BOE). The directives for action by the new entity were set by the Government through the then Ministry for Transport, Tourism and Communications, today the Ministry for Public Works, and competences for management of the network of Spanish airports, air navigation facilities and support networks and control over air traffic were entrusted to it.

On 29 June 1990, in application of Art. 82 of the Act 4/1990, of 29 June 1990, the public entity Aeropuertos Españoles y Navegación Aérea (AENA), attached to the Ministry for Transport, Tourism and Communications, was created.

On 2 November 1991 it began to provide airport services and, one years later, on 2 November 1992, AENA started to provide services related to air navigation.

SACTA put into service at the Air Control Centres
Development having got under way in 1984, the operational system SACTA (Automated Air Traffic Control System), is owned by ENAIRE and was developed by Indra. SACTA was put into service at the Control Centre of Palma de Mallorca in the year 1990. In 1991, it came into service at the Air Traffic Control Centre of Madrid and, in 1992, at the Air Traffic Control Centre of Seville as well. At the Air Traffic Control Centres of Barcelona and Canary Islands, it was installed in 1994.

Entry of Spain into Eurocontrol
In 1997 Spain joined Eurocontrol as a full member.

New air traffic control centres
On 19 June 2001, the new Air Traffic Control Centre of Seville, replacing the former one situated at El Judío, came into operation. The Air Traffic Control Centre of Seville was the very first in Spain, its history stretching back to the year 1952.

On 23 February 2005, the new Air Traffic Control Centre of Barcelona came into operation, replacing the former one situated at Gavá.

First flight plan system at European level
AENA, DFS and NATS, the air navigation service providers of Spain, Germany and the United Kingdom, signed an agreement to develop, jointly, the first flight plan system at a European level.

Liberalisation of aerodrome control
On 14 April 2010, the Act 9/2010 was published, regulating the provision of air traffic services, and the obligations of civil providers of such services are established, in addition to setting certain working conditions for civil air traffic controllers. This Act liberalised aerodrome control services.

The airport of Lleida-Alguaire began operations in 2010 and was the first autonomous region airport, outside the AENA network, to receive air navigation services from AENA, later on handled by ENAIRE.

Separation between AENA Aeropuertos S.A. and AENA public corporate entity (EPE)
By resolution of the Cabinet on 25 February 2011, the company AENA Aeropuertos was created, pursuant to the Legislative Royal Decree 13, of 3 December 2010, of actions in the fiscal, occupational and liberalising areas to encourage investment and the creation of employment, and which included, in its legislative text, the modernisation of the airport system through the implantation of a new management model.

By Ministerial Order of 7 June 2011, the commencement of the activity of AENA Aeropuertos, SA. was approved, to which entity all the duties and obligations previously exercised by the public corporate entity AENA in relation to the management and operation of airport services were entrusted.

Service provision agreement between AENA Aeropuertos S.A. and AENA (Public Corporate Entity).

On 18 January 2012, José Manuel Vargas Gómez was appointed managing director-Chairman of the Public Corporate Entity Aeropuertos Españoles y Navegación Aérea (AENA).

Agreement between Spain and Portugal on functional airspace blocks
On 17 March 2013 Spain and Portugal signed the agreement to establish the south-west airspace. Signed by the Minister for Public Works, Ana Pastor Julián, and the Minister for the Economy and Employment of Portugal, Álvaro Santos Pereira, the agreement established a functional block for the management of the airspaces of Spain and Portugal (SW FAB – south-west zone of Europe).

The public corporate entity Aeropuertos Españoles y Navegación Aérea (AENA) becomes ENAIRE
The public corporate entity Aeropuertos Españoles y Navegación Aérea (AENA) changed its name to ENAIRE (Legislative Royal Decree 8, of 4 July 2014). ENAIRE continues with the same nature and juridical regime envisaged for the public corporate entity AENA, holding exclusive competences in relation to air navigation and airspace, as well as national and international operational coordination of the national air traffic management network. In addition, ENAIRE holds 51% of the shares of AENA S.A., which has been listed on the Stock Exchange since 11 February 2015.

The Secretary of State for Infrastructure, Transport and Housing, Rafael Catalá Polo, became chairman of the Public Corporate Entity ENAIRE on 15 July 2014. With his subsequent appointment as Minister for Justice under the Royal Decree 851/2014 of 3 October, Julio Gómez-Pomar Rodríguez was appointed Secretary of State for Infrastructure, Transport and Housing and also assumed the chairmanship of ENAIRE.

AENA Aeropuertos becomes AENA S.A.
Under the Legislative Royal Decree 8, of 4 July 2014, the change of name of the company AENA Aeropuertos, S.A., to AENA, S.A., took place. ENAIRE possesses 51% of its shares.

iTEC agreement between ENAIRE, DFS, NATS, LVNL and Indra
The agreement to form the Group iTEC (Interoperability Through European Collaboration) was signed by the air navigation providers of Spain (ENAIRE), Germany (DFS), the United Kingdom (NATS) and Holland (LVNL), and the Spanish company Indra, for the development of the future air controller post in Europe.

Appointment of Ángel Luis Arias Serrano
On 19 May 2015, Ángel Luis Arias Serrano (Madrid, 1960) was appointed managing director of ENAIRE by the board of directors of the public corporate entity ENAIRE. Between January 2012 and his appointment as managing director of ENAIRE, Ángel Luis Arias occupied the post of Director General of Civil Aviation, in the course of which he exercised the duties of Chairman of the Governing Board of the Spanish Air Safety Agency (AESA) and he has been a member of the boards of directors of ENAIRE and Senasa, as well as vice-chairman of the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL).

New president
In June 2018, Julio Gómez-Pomar Rodríguez was dismissed as Secretary of State for Infrastructure, Transport and Housing with the publication of Royal Decree 506/2018, of 18 June, and the publication on the same day of Royal Decree 511 / 2018, of 18 June, whereby Pedro Saura García, Secretary of State for Infrastructure, Transport and Housing, is appointed, then becomes president of ENAIRE. In accordance with the Royal Decree-Law 8/2014, of 4 July, concerning the governing bodies of the ENAIRE Public Business Entity, the position of President of the same will fall to the Secretary of State for Infrastructure, Transport and Housing.

AENA
ENAIRE owns 51% of AENA (Aeropuertos Españoles y Navegación Aérea), a network of 46 airports in Spain and abroad. AENA operates all the airports of public interest in Spain and some air bases on a mixed basis with the Armed Forces of Spain. Also worth noting are Ceuta Heliport and Algeciras Heliport, the only heliports of the network.

Ineco
As of this writing ENAIRE holds 45.85% of public shares in INECO ("Transport Engineering and Economics") with the remainder of the shares distributed between Renfe Operadora (12.78%) and Adif (41.37%). INECO specialises in conducting studies and projects linked to the transport and telecommunications sector. Created more than forty years ago, it has participated in all the major infrastructure projects for airports, railways and roads undertaken in Spain and many others internationally.

Crida
With the legal personality of an Economic Interest Grouping, ENAIRE (66.66%), Ineco (16.67%) and the Polytechnic University of Madrid (16.67%), have constituted the "ATM Research, Development and Innovation Reference Centre" (Crida) to engage in R&D+I activities in the area of ATM aimed at improving performance (in particular safety, capacity and economic and environmental efficiency) of the Spanish air navigation system, as an integral part of a global system.

In addition, ENAIRE holds stakes in: EMGRISA (0.08%), Grupo Navegación por Satélite Sistemas y Servicios S.L. (19.3%), GroupEAD (36%) and Barcelona Regional (11.76%).

title: ENAIRE


text:
Talk:La Cienega Boulevard

Copyright violations
Thanks for taking off the photos as possible copyvios, SPUI. With all the copyvios I tag and bag, it's kind of embarassing to pull the same stunt myself (blush). If anyone has original or fair-use photos of the freeway section, please feel free to post them. - Lucky 6.9 21:15, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

It's not a photo, but I've added a map. --SPUI (talk) 21:48, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Lookin' good! I tell you, I couldn't get those damned photos to line up properly to save my life.  Much, much better.  Thanks for helping! - Lucky 6.9 03:19, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Origin of the name
Would someone look into the origin of the naming of the boulevard "La Cienega"? It would seem to me that it must have something to do with the fact that there must be old tar pits along that route, because still today (or at least back in December of '1) there were visible oil wells, some still working, a long the street. By the way if you are visiting the area, and staying in the North Holywood area, it's just about the fastest way to get to the airport. In fact, it was definitely the best road for traffic conditions we encountered our entire stay. (wlg) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 138.88.148.164 (talk • contribs) 21:36, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Please sign your posts by pressing the tilde key four times. Thank you. GeorgeLouis (talk) 02:21, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

Laurel Canyon Freeway
Why merge Laurel Canyon Freeway here? ·:· Will Beback ·:· 05:41, 30 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I also see no reason to merge Laurel Canyon Freeway here. It appears to a a freeway which was only planned, but never built. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Minnaert (talk • contribs) 15:35, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:La Cienega Boulevard


text:
Elis Province

Elis (Επαρχία Ηλείας – Eparchia Ileias) was one of the provinces of the Elis Prefecture. The seat of administration was Pyrgos. Its territory corresponded with that of the current municipalities Andravida-Kyllini, Ilida, Olympia, Pineios and Pyrgos (except the municipal unit Volakas). It was abolished in 2006.

Subdivisions
The Elis province was subdivided into the following municipalities (situation after the 1997 Kapodistrias reform):
 * Amaliada
 * Andravida
 * Archaia Olympia
 * Foloi
 * Gastouni
 * Iardanos
 * Kastro-Kyllini
 * Lampeia
 * Lasiona
 * Lechaina
 * Oleni
 * Pineia
 * Pyrgos
 * Tragano
 * Vartholomio
 * Vouprasia

title: Elis Province


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Superstistics

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 23:28, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Superstistics
del. neologism. 20 google tihs. Mikkalai 21:16, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism. --Neigel von Teighen 21:20, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Mindmatrix 21:38, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Josh Cherry 00:01, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:C preprocessor

do-while-0 and if-1-else
The standard trick of writing macro statements in a  loop is especially important when writing "wrapper" macros that include their arguments as statements: The  means that the provided code can end with or without a semicolon (although commas are still problematic!), and the overall structure is always one statement (for safety in putting calls to it in control structures) and expects a trailing semicolon (so that it looks like a function call; automatic indentation will like it better). The braces also mean that an  inside the argument cannot attach to an   following the macro call. But there's another option: This is very similar, but has the improvement of being transparent to  and. Disadvantages are that the else is capable of binding to any following statement, and that some compilers may issue warnings about the empty else or about the use of  without braces
 * There is NO compiler that will complain about embedded  construct without braces which is very standard since the earliest incarnations of C and still in all modern C and C++ compilers. Such warnings would be really harmful if they were enabled by default (but some projects are setting more strict lint-like verifications). Such warninf would be extremely pedantic, and used only for debugging the source, in a specific precompilation rule used to find the location of missing braces, where a lot of warnings will be expected by the programmer... verdy_p (talk) 20:09, 28 November 2009 (UTC)

in constructs like these: I suppose that there is a healthy debate on the subject. When you're writing a multiline but non-wrapper macro, you know if there are loop control statements in the loop, and you should prefer  in their absence. Is there a consensus otherwise? Should we include both in the article? Are there well-known sources for both styles? --Tardis (talk) 00:52, 13 March 2009 (UTC)

 * There is the possibility to insert a do_nothing statement in the else clause (such as "if(1){ ... } else ((void)0)" to discard the value explicilty, but not "if(1){ ... } else 0" which generates a warning almost always), possibly surrounded by a pragma to avoid the warning. Unfortunately the simple typename "void" is not valid as an expression alone (or it could still absorb a following statement in case of a missing colon, notably in C++ where it may be interpreted as an initial typecast to "void".
 * I also don't like the dangling else clause, because it can siliently absorb the following statement, if ever there's a semilcolon missing after the macro invokation.
 * But if you use GCC, just surround the block within parentheses, without if/else or do/while. In MS compilers, there's a do-nothing intrinsic void function which can work as well, without surrounding the block by a control statement. In all other cases, the do/while(0) is the best approach: the only risk is a compiler warning, not a compile-error or an undetected error (like a missing colon). Warnings about do-nothing statements (or always false conditions when using do/while) can also be controled in the source file using the macro, because these warnings are non-standard (lint-like, possibily wrong) and must not be forced without a compiler option to disable them.
 * If you want to be transparent to break and continue, you can replace them by an explicit goto to a labelled statement after end of loop or switch (for break) or before end of loop (for continue) (and for code clarity, the label should include "break_" or "continue_" in its name, the goto being also always downward in a switch or do/while or for-loop, and always upward in a while-loop). verdy_p (talk) 13:18, 28 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Anyway, your proposed syntax will not work with most statements that are not single statements or that contain commas. I suggest this instead:

 * or still with the alternative (which is still safer):

 * that can be used as (with or without semi-colon terminating the middle statements, but with a required semi-colon after END_FOO (its absence will cause a syntax error within "else else" or "while(0) else") :

 * The implicit termination of if constructs with an optional additional else clause is a wellknown syntax caveat of C/C++/Java/C#/J# (that must also be solved in complex ways to avoid advance/reduce ambiguities in context-free language parser generators taking their decision using a single look-ahead symbol without backtracking); other languages (including the C preprocessor) are avoiding in a safer way by requiring an explicit "endif" construct in all cases (including in Pascal/Modula where the semicolon is still required to terminate the "if" statement even after the "end" keyword terminating multi-statement block used as one of its "statement" clauses).
 * verdy_p (talk) 20:45, 28 November 2009 (UTC)
 * There's the  construct to get rid of the "else" problem. 70.239.12.234 (talk) 19:47, 18 July 2011 (UTC)

 * The GNU C preprocessor manual mentions the   to make function-like macros expand to a single compound statement instead of a compound statement  and a null statement.
 * A call to this macro might be . Strictly speaking, the call expands to a compound statement, which is a complete statement with no need for a semicolon to end it. However, since it looks like a function call, it minimizes confusion if you can use it like a function call, writing a semicolon afterward, as in
 * Holzklöppel (talk) 08:26, 23 August 2022 (UTC)

#warning
Checked and added that the C-compilers by Intel and IBM also support the #warning directive. Is this sufficient to remove the weasel word warning? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.84.9.25 (talk) 15:06, 11 November 2009 (UTC)

Refer the Preprocessor section —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.91.193.5 (talk) 11:11, 12 January 2010 (UTC)

Indentation
I'm currently googling around trying to confirm / deny that the # symbol should be in the first column and that indentation may appear between it and the directive. This article surely should state the indentation rule, or state that it is a myth? Sweavo (talk) 13:53, 19 August 2010 (UTC)

 * There's no such rule, you may indent preprocessor directives as you wish. From the C99 standard (6.10:

A preprocessing directive consists of a sequence of preprocessing tokens that begins with in the source file (optionally after white space containing no new-line characters) or that follows white space containing at least one new-line character, and is ended by the next new-line character.
 * 1) preprocessing token that (at the start of translation phase 4) is either the first character

 * And the # and the word following it are separate tokens, so you can put spaces between them too. This is basically the same in C89 and C++.  Rwessel (talk) 04:41, 5 November 2011 (UTC)

I'm going to start moving sections over to wikibooks
The article is too detailed. Wikipedia is not an instruction manual. - Richfife (talk) 19:26, 28 February 2011 (UTC)

I came here looking for that detailed info (since there is a stackoverflow page referring to it here), a link to the wikibooks might be useful (at the least on this talk page): http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C_Programming/Preprocessor — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.208.248.165 (talk) 09:13, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

You people are killing wiki. I used to come here looking for info, now I rarely visit wiki as I never find what I need on it anymore, just a bunch of bureaucrats trying to exercise influence over articles to get mod status. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.113.141.126 (talk) 00:52, 11 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Every time I go to the pharmacy to buy shoes, their selection totally sucks. Just a couple of cheap flip-flops.  The pharmacy totally sucks.  It's completely useless.  I'm not going there anymore. - Richfife (talk) 17:17, 12 April 2013 (UTC)

Read above again. zzzz — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.113.141.126 (talk) 01:41, 18 April 2013 (UTC)

If Wikipedia isn't supposed to be an instruction manual, then the link to the Wikibooks "instruction manual" should be moved to the top of the page. People often come to Wikipedia looking for what you describe as instructions, making Wikipedia vs Wikibooks into a form of ambiguity. This should be solved in approximately the same way as disambiguating similar pages: by putting the Wikibooks link at the TOP of the page where it will be noticed, instead of the BOTTOM where you will only notice it if you ALREADY know that the link exists (I initially missed it, and was going to complain about the lack of such a link until I double-checked the page). This is a basic usability issue (source? Myself, looking for a reference on XMacros, a matter of minutes ago. This really does come up, and IS an issue). — 104.63.66.180 (talk) 17:44, 21 December 2014 (UTC)

"OlderSmall" example should be much simpler
Encyclopedant (talk) 21:44, 24 September 2011 (UTC)

Syntax highlighing
I'd like to change the syntax highlighting to CPP from C (source lang="cpp"). The CPP highlighting is more attractive, and is what C (programming language) uses. Comments? Rwessel (talk) 01:04, 15 October 2011 (UTC)

Including files section
A perhaps pedantic point is that that the description of including stdio.h as a text image is not strictly correct. The C standard headers do not actually have to be text files in any meaning sense of the world, although most (all?) implementations do have text files for those. The implementation is allowed to handle the standard header in a special way, so while "#include <stdio>" must have the defined result, it does *not* have to happen by including any sort of text file. In short, the explanation is at least potentially incorrect when applied (as it is) to one of the standard headers.

On the flip side, it's a pretty pedantic point, and I'm not actually aware of any implementations that don't treat the system headers as text files.

So there are three options:

(1) leave it alone, and accept that the text is not quite correct (2) add additional text clarifying the (potential) special nature of the system headers (3) change the example to include a non-system header instead (which must be a text file)

Frankly, I mostly lean towards option (1).

Comments? Rwessel (talk) 09:51, 22 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Pedantically, I would tend to your second option above, if only to keep editors from having this discussion again. A single sentence would be enough I think. I don't have the C language standard, but this question on Stack Overflow already quotes the relevant sections of the C++ standard.
 * Like you, I have never seen an implementation of C or C++ where the standard headers were not represented as text files. I have asked for examples of such implementations at the reference desk. —Tobias Bergemann (talk) 10:42, 22 March 2012 (UTC)

Phases
The Phases section states:
 * "The first four (of eight) phases of translation specified in the C Standard are:"

Which begs the question, What are the other four? Rojomoke (talk) 10:08, 22 October 2012 (UTC)

 * There are links to several versions of the C standard at the bottom of C (programming language). To quote:

5. Each escape sequence in character constants and string literals is   converted to a member of the execution character set. 6. Adjacent character string literal tokens are concatenated and adjacent wide string literal tokens are concatenated. 7. White-space characters separating tokens are no longer significant. Preprocessing tokens are converted into tokens. The resulting tokens are syntactically and semantically analyzed and translated. 8. All external object and function references are resolved. Library components are linked to satisfy external references to functions and objects not defined in the current translation. All such translator output is collected into a program image which contains information needed for execution in its execution environment.

 * Basically the first four phases define what's normally thought of as preprocessing, although that's not made clear in the article (which I will fix in a minute). Phases five and six finish cleaning up the source after preprocessing, seven is what most people think of as the compilation process itself, and eight is linking.  But the eight phases are *conceptual* phases which define the context in which the definition of the language within the standard are made.  Almost no implementations follow it strictly in the way they operate, but work as if they had, and the results are (hopefully!) indistinguishable from an implementations where they had actually implemented the eight phases as separate steps.  Rwessel (talk) 16:59, 22 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Ah, thanks. I'd misread it to mean there were eight phases in the preprocessing activity.  Rojomoke (talk) 09:19, 24 October 2012 (UTC)

Turing completeness?
Can we get a reference for the claim that the C preprocessor is Turing Complete? I have heard mention of it before, but only as a hack that required the use of external tools or something that required non-standard behavior, I forget which and where I heard it. It is a pretty big claim however that is not referenced. If it is true, is it true for the original C preprocessor, the C89, C99 or C11 preprocessor? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.77.163.111 (talk) 09:30, 18 February 2015 (UTC)

 * The article says it's not Turing Complete. It's far from it.  I think you may have misread. - Richfife (talk) 15:30, 18 February 2015 (UTC)
 * It's not Turing complete because it lacks recursion or iteration. M4, which supports recursion, is. Rp (talk) 15:02, 19 February 2015 (UTC)
 * It exist an interpreter for brainfuck written enteirly in c preprocessor,so it is (surprisingly enough) turing complete,althought you still can't do much with it--Pasqui23(talk -please understand,my native language is not english ) 00:38, 20 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Here's a quote from that exact page: "There has been much speculation on the turing completeness of the C Preprocessor. Does this act as a demonstrative proof that it is? The short answer - not really." - Richfife (talk) 00:51, 20 February 2015 (UTC)

 * I have to agree, this is not really a what I'd consider a demonstration that the PP is Turing complete. Rwessel (talk) 05:24, 20 February 2015 (UTC)

 * The explanation is a little clearer. However it still presents the difference between the ability to express bounded iteration and the ability to express unbounded iteration as a "subtlety", while it is actually one of the fundamental cornerstones of reasoning about programming. With only fixed-bounded iteration, you can do with a fixed (and precomputable) amount of memory, which makes implementing and reasoning about programs a lot easier. Some C compilers for embedded systems actually remove unbounded iteration and recursion from the language. Rp (talk) 17:39, 20 February 2015 (UTC)

 * This gets into what I call pure vs. applied engineering. Can you make a case that the preprocessor is sort of, kind of, Turing complete?  Yes.  Would Turing slap you upside the head if he was still around for doing it?  Also yes.  Presenting the preprocessor as Turing Complete isn't doing anybody any favors. - Richfife (talk) 18:40, 20 February 2015 (UTC)

#line example wrong?
The article includes this example about #line: puts("line=" #__LINE__ " file=" __FILE__); and claims it generates this: puts("line=314 file=pi.c"); I've tried it and it gave me an error. I think the syntax of using # outside a macro definition is incorrect. This worked for me: puts("line=" STRINGIFY(__LINE__) " file=" __FILE__); As did this: printf("line=%d file=%s\n", __LINE__, __FILE__); Does that need to be corrected, or did I miss something? --pgimeno (talk) 22:30, 7 March 2015 (UTC)
 * 1) line 314 "pi.c"
 * 1) define XSTRINGIFY(x) #x
 * 2) define STRINGIFY(x) XSTRINGIFY(x)
 * 3) line 314 "pi.c"
 * 1) line 314 "pi.c"

 * Nope, you're right. Fixed.  Rwessel (talk) 23:43, 7 March 2015 (UTC)

Comments
The article does not explain how comments can be done for .h files. I came to wikipedia first in order to find out whether /* */ is valid or whether I have to use // instead. Now I have to google for another site. :-) 2A02:8388:1600:3280:BE5F:F4FF:FECD:7CB2 (talk) 17:10, 4 April 2016 (UTC)

Preprocessor Comments
Both GCC and MSVC both have a concept of a preprocessor comment. If a line comment is preceded with a # the comment will be consumed by the preprocessor and not included in the output of the preprocessor. This effect is only ever noticed if the compiler is run as only a preprocessor. So a line that starts "#//" is replaced with an empty line. --192.107.155.6 (talk) 13:42, 20 July 2018 (UTC)

Phases text is overly specific
"The preprocessor simultaneously expands macros and, in the 1999 version of the C standard,[clarification needed] handles _Pragma operators."

It seems odd to focus on this specific operator. I would prefer

"The preprocessor simultaneously expands macros and handles operators."

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:08, 18 August 2022 (UTC)
 * 1999 ISO C.pdf

Introduction of "cpp" and "CPP"
Neither "cpp" nor "CPP" are introduced before they appear in sub section Other uses.

What are they? The name of an executable and a shorthand for "C preprocessor", respectively? For the former, restricted to a particular compiler environment, like GCC?

Is "cpp" the same as "CPP"?

--Mortense (talk) 13:37, 20 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:C preprocessor


text:
Lunar-A

LUNAR-A was a cancelled Japanese spacecraft project that was originally scheduled to be launched in 1995, then delayed to August 2004. After many delays (primarily due to potential thruster faults), the project was eventually cancelled in January 2007. It was planned to be launched on a Japanese M-V rocket from the Kagoshima Space Center.

History
The vehicle would have been cylindrical, with a diameter of 2.2 m and a height of 1.7 m. It would have had four solar panels and was engineered to be spin-stabilized. Plans called for it to enter an elliptical orbit around the Moon, and deploy two penetrators at an altitude of 40 km on opposite sides of the lunar body. The penetrators were to have been braked by a small rocket at an altitude of 25 km, then free fall to the surface. They were designed to withstand a collision speed of 330 meters per second to deeply penetrate the lunar regolith.

Once the penetrators deployed, the LUNAR-A spacecraft was mission-planned to maneuver to an orbital altitude of 200 km above the lunar surface. The craft was to have carried a monochromatic imaging camera with a resolution of 30 m.

title: Lunar-A


text:
Claudell Washington

Claudell Washington (August 31, 1954 –June 10, 2020) was an American baseball outfielder who played seventeen seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). He played for the Oakland Athletics, Texas Rangers, Chicago White Sox, New York Mets, Atlanta Braves, New York Yankees, and California Angels from 1974 until 1990. He batted and threw left-handed.

Washington was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Oakland Athletics in 1972 and played for three of their minor league affiliates until 1974, when the Athletics promoted him to the major leagues. He won the World Series that year and was selected as an All-Star in 1975. After spending three seasons with the organization, he was traded to the Texas Rangers. He was subsequently dealt to the Chicago White Sox and the New York Mets. He signed with the Atlanta Braves as a free agent in 1980 and was named an All-Star again in 1984. He later played for the New York Yankees and California Angels. He returned to the Yankees in 1990 and played his last game on June 18 that year.

Early life
Washington was born in Los Angeles, on August 31, 1954, and was raised in Berkeley. He attended Berkeley High School and also worked as a janitor. He never played for his school's baseball team because the coach wanted him to pitch, while he desired to be an outfielder. He was nonetheless scouted while playing sandlot ball by Jim Guinn, who worked for the Oakland Athletics. Guinn signed Washington as an undrafted free agent to a contract worth US$3,000 (equivalent to approximately $18,500 in 2020) in 1972.

Professional baseball career
Washington was one of the youngest All-Stars in major league history when he was named to the 1975 American League (AL) All-Star team at the age of 20. He finished fifth in the AL in batting average with a mark of .308 and second in stolen bases with a total of 40. Prior to the 1977 season, Washington was traded to the Texas Rangers for second baseman Rodney Scott and left-handed pitcher Jim Umbarger.

Washington was dealt along with Rusty Torres from the Rangers to the Chicago White Sox for Bobby Bonds on May 16, 1978. After struggling in 1978, both before and after the trade, Washington bounced back with a solid 1979 campaign. He was traded once again midway through the following season to the New York Mets for a minor leaguer.

Speed was Washington's ally, but he was also capable of showing outbursts of power. On July 14, 1979, while playing for the Chicago White Sox, Washington hit three home runs in one game. He repeated this feat on June 22, 1980, while playing for the New York Mets. He became the third player to hit three home runs in a game in both the AL and the National League (NL), after Babe Ruth and Johnny Mize.

Washington became a free agent after the 1980 season, and signed with the Atlanta Braves before the 1981 season. Washington spent the next five and a half seasons with the Braves, and was named NL Player of the Month in September, 1982, and was named to the All-Star team again in 1984.

In 1985, Washington was among a number of players caught up in the Pittsburgh drug trials scandal. In 1986, he was given a 60-day suspension but was allowed to continue playing if he donated five percent of his base salary and contributed 50 hours of drug-related community service.

Washington was traded in June 1986, from the Braves to the New York Yankees, along with Paul Zuvella, for outfielder Ken Griffey, Sr. and infielder Andre Robertson. He re-signed with the Yankees after the 1986 season, and spent two more years with the Yankees. In April 1988, he hit the Yankees' 10,000th franchise home run. After the 1988 season, Washington once again became a free agent, and signed a contract with the California Angels. Washington was part of yet another mid-season trade in April 1990, when he was traded back to the Yankees, along with Rich Monteleone, for outfielder Luis Polonia.

Washington was eventually released by the Yankees, and retired following the 1990 season. He finished his career with 164 home runs, 824 RBI, 312 stolen bases and a lifetime batting average of .278.

Washington struck out 39 times against pitcher Nolan Ryan, more times than any other batter.

Death
Washington died on June 10, 2020, at a hospital in the East Bay. He was 65, and had been suffering from prostate cancer since 2017. He chose to stop treatment the following year.

In popular culture
Game footage of Washington with Atlanta appears in the 1986 movie Ferris Bueller's Day Off. In the film, Washington hits a foul ball at a Cubs game which is caught by the film's title character, who was supposedly sick at home from school. The footage was taken from a game played on June 5, 1985.

title: Claudell Washington


text:
User:Noisy/Templates

"Tick ToC"

 * Breaking news: icons increased in width in a blatant attempt to garner more votes!

 * More kow-towing to the populus, with the addition of buffer space between the icons and the text.

Based on User:ClockworkSoul's Coffee Roll, the title puns on that and a plea to approve ('tick') my work based on class=toccolours.

I disliked the toccolours standard when I first saw it, but have grown to know and love its comforting fluffy blue theme.

Yep ... pretty much everything stolen from ClockworkSoul's efforts, but those paying close attention may notice a pair of words on VfD have been swapped.

title: User:Noisy/Templates


text:
User talk:Margosbot~enwiki

Bad edit
I don't know whether this account is an actual bot (the User page really should say if it is) but this edit really messed up an article. (I've restored.) -- Jmabel | Talk 15:38, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)

Stop! r3m0t talk 13:19, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)

Margosbot is out of control

 * Moved from Wikipedia_talk:Bots

Just take a look at a topic on boxing i edited yesterday. And the bot had cut the topic abrubptly in the midway of a sentance in the "personalities" subsection. Without adding worthwile or editing anything else, this is clearly a bot that's gone crazy. I'm reverting to the older complete version. and it didn't even add the "+pl" it was supposed to do. dumb bot.

I would watch this bot closely and pull the plug if it does one more thing like this.

 * Don't worry. The bot is stopped ( Message on talk page stops it). I'm sure that problem is related to the server. The server do not saved all information sent (bot logs analysis) . At the moment another bot is verifing all edits. Margospl 22:41, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Verification done. No more such accidents found. 2 bad edits among nearly 3000 is ok. Margospl 08:05, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Resuming. Margosbot 10:04, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Small bug
Your bot has a small bug, see here. Does not matter much, but still, it is good if that is fixed at one time. Thanks. Oleg Alexandrov 21:59, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This causes the string en:Interpolation to show up at the bottom of the page. Oleg Alexandrov 22:00, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Bug fixed. Thanks Oleg. Margospl 07:10, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

Pune
{| align=center style="width: 100%; border: #bbbbff solid 1px; background-color: #eeeeff;" Thank you for your contribution at Pune. Please keep it up!!! - P R A D E E P Somani  ( talk ) Feel free to send me e-mail.

This is a automated to all bot operators
Please take a few moments and fill in the data for your bot on Bots/Status Thank you Betacommand (talk • contribs • Bot) 19:40, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

Automated message to bot owners
As a result of discussion on the village pump and mailing list, bots are now allowed to edit up to 15 times per minute. The following is the new text regarding bot edit rates from Bot Policy: "Until new bots are accepted they should wait 30-60 seconds between edits, so as to not clog the recent changes list and user watchlists. After being accepted and a bureaucrat has marked them as a bot, they can edit at a much faster pace. Bots doing non-urgent tasks should edit approximately once every ten seconds, while bots who would benefit from faster editing may edit approximately once every every four seconds." Also, to eliminate the need to spam the bot talk pages, please add Bot owners' noticeboard to your watchlist. Future messages which affect bot owners will be posted there. Thank you. --Mets501 04:17, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

Margosbot deflagged
Your bot, Margosbot which was approved and flagged some time ago has now been deflagged due to inactivity. If you wish to run your bot again, feel free to return to the requests for bot approval page where you can reapply for your bot's task and flag. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact a member of the BAG or myself. WjBscribe 01:53, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Margosbot. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Margosbot~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:20, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 15:56, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:00, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Margosbot~enwiki


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/M. Rasheed

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 23:30, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

M. Rasheed
Vanity page. Article should be deleted. Mindmatrix 21:21, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Highly notably delete The JPS 21:28, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Phils 21:33, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and make sure it stays deleted. No evidence that any of his books are on wide distribution, and it would appear that one of them has already been deleted in accordance with the VfD process and then promptly recreated. Average Earthman 22:36, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * NN, del BigFatDave 23:24, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 02:22, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Čapljina

Čapljina is a city located in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located on the border with Croatia a mere 20 km from the Adriatic Sea.

The river Neretva flows through the city and flows into the Adriatic just over the border. The town's landmark is a statue of King Tomislav. The Church of Saint Francis of Assisi is also a prominent facet of the city. The city coat of arms contains the Croatian checkerboard, the nearby tower in Počitelj, and Saint Francis of Assisi.

The city has a rich archaeological history and untouched wilderness and is starting to develop agricultural tourism. It is also home to Hutovo Blato Park, which contains one of the most diverse bird populations in all Europe. The Croatian town of Metković is located just over the border and there are significant commercial and other links between the two towns.

History
Not much is known about this city but it was founded by Romans in 5 BC. However, ancient Greek, and later Roman maps clearly show that the area was populated by several native Illyrian peoples, including the Ardiaei, whom the ancient geographer Strabo lists as one of the three strongest Illyrian peoples – the other two being the Autariatae and the Dardani.

Čapljina is situated in the wider Neretva valley region (the original homeland of ancient Illyrian people of Ardiaei), and its name derives from čaplja which means 'heron'. The Latin word for heron is ardea, a word that bears striking similarity with the name of Ardiaei, and it might possibly be its cognate. This theory opens up many possibilities for the interpretation of the original homeland of the Ardiaei and the etymology of their name. For example, heron might have had totemic pagan value among local Illyrians, due to its presence in this area, and it is not implausible to conclude that one of those Illyrian peoples named itself after a heron, the Ardiaei.

The Latin word ardea might be a Latin translation of some original Illyrian word for 'heron' that Romans found when they settled in this area, or the 'ardea' itself, could have been an Illyrian word taken by Romans, who might have slightly altered it and integrated it into their language, the Latin. Indeed, the word Ardiaei is found in ancient Greek sources predating the arrival of Romans and their language to the Illyrian lands. It is also possible that ancient Illyrians or Romans named this place 'the place of heron(s), and the Slavic settlers, who settled in the former Illyrian lands around 6th century A.D. translated the name of this place into their language(s), which in turn gave 'Čapljina', "the place of heron(s)".

The Prebilovci massacre, in which around 4,000 people (mainly Serbs) were killed total, including 300 villagers from the Prebilovci thrown into a pit, is one of the most significant atrocities in this area during the Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia. Out of about 700 villagers from Prebilovci, fewer than 200 survived. As a revenge, In 1942, the Serbian royalist Chetniks attacked several villages in the Čapljina area. The village of Hotanj was burned, and many Croat and Bosniak civilians were killed.

Since World War II it has been an important road and rail transportation link, connecting the rest of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the port of Ploče in Croatia. During the 1992–1995 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina the city was taken over by the Croatian Defence Council, which expelled the non-Croat population and set up concentration camps for Bosniaks at Gabela camp and Dretelj camp.

During the summer of 2007 wildfires caused extensive damage throughout the rural part of the municipality. The officials of Čapljina, Stolac, Čitluk and Neum declared the state of natural disaster on their territories.

Status
In May 2019, the Municipality of Čapljina became an official city.

Settlements
Bajovci

Bivolje Brdo

Bobanovo selo

Crnići

Čapljina

Čeljevo

Doljani

Domanovići

Dračevo

Dretelj

Dubravica

Gabela

Gabela Polje

Gnjilišta

Gorica

Grabovina

Hotanj

Jasenica

Klepci

Lokve

Modrič

Opličići

Počitelj

Prćavci

Prebilovci

Sjekose

Stanojevići

Struge

Svitava

Ševaš Njive

Šurmanci

Šuškovo

Tasovčići

Trebižat

Višići

Zvirovići

Culture
In the Čapljina area, cultural associations include the following:
 * HKUD Čapljina
 * HKUD Sveti Ante (Dretelj)
 * HKUD Seljačka Sloga (Trebižat)
 * HKUD "Zora" Struge-Gorica
 * KUD "Kolo Dubravsko" (Bivolje Brdo)

Notable residents

 * Dejan Aćimović (born 1963), Croatian actor
 * Dragan Bender (born 1997), Croatian basketball player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League
 * Milorad Ekmečić (1928–2015), Serbian historian
 * Mirsad Fazlagić (born 1943), retired Yugoslav footballer
 * Nikica Jelavić (born 1985), Croatian footballer
 * Vukašin Mandrapa (? - 1943), Serbian Orthodox saint
 * Semjon Milošević (born 1979), retired footballer
 * Slobodan Praljak (1945–2017), Croatian general, politician, and writer
 * Admir Salihović (born 1988), Bosnian footballer
 * Ivo Prskalo (born 1948), retired Yugoslav and Australian footballer
 * Dada Vujasinović (1964–1994), Serbian journalist and news reporter
 * Jasmin Repeša (born 1961), Croatian basketball coach
 * Pamela Ramljak (born 1979), Croatian singer
 * Marko Vego (1907–1985), Yugoslav archeologist, epigrapher and historian
 * Nikola Prce (born 1980), Bosnian handball player
 * Josip Šutalo (born 2000), Croatian football player

Sports

 * HNK Čapljina (football)
 * GOŠK Gabela (football)
 * HKK Čapljina Lasta (basketball)

Twin towns – sister cities
Čapljina is twinned with:
 * Koprivnica, Croatia
 * Požega, Croatia
 * 🇸🇮 Vrhnika, Slovenia

title: Čapljina


text: File:Dalek Chronicles 4.jpg

title: File:Dalek Chronicles 4.jpg


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Pointless Waste of Time

This could all be over, folks. seriously.

Due to the shocking sockpuppetry and ballot stuffing, as well as some users deliberately obfuscating the vote, this should get a "delete by default". Chris talk back 01:12, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)