text:
Chia Thye Poh

Chia Thye Poh (born 4 April 1941) is a Singaporean former politician. A former member of the Barisan Sosialis, he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Jurong SMC between 1963 and 1966. He was the 4th de facto Leader of the Opposition in 1966.

A leftist populist, Chia is most notable for being detained between 1966 and 1989 under the Internal Security Act for allegedly conducting pro-communist activities against the government, with the intention of causing a communist revolution. As a result, he was imprisoned for 23 years without trial and subsequently placed under conditions of house arrest for another nine years—in which he was first confined to the island of Sentosa and then subject to restrictions on his place of abode, employment, travel, and exercise of political rights. All restrictions were eventually lifted in 1998.

Prior to his detention, he was a teacher, physics lecturer, socialist political activist and a Member of Parliament. Subsequent to it, he was a doctoral student and an interpreter.

Early life
Born in 1941, he read physics at Nanyang University and upon graduating he worked briefly as a secondary school teacher and then as a graduate assistant at his alma mater.

Political activism
As a member of the Barisan Sosialis he was elected member of the Legislative Assembly for Jurong Constituency in 1963, being nominated as the candidate in replacement of a colleague who had been arrested by the government of Singapore. Concurrent with his holding of office, he worked as a university physics professor.

Ban from Malaysia
He was banned permanently from entering Malaysia in the wake of a political speech he delivered to the Perak division of the Labour Party of Malaysia on 24 April 1966.

Conviction and arrest
In July 1966, he was convicted for publishing a "seditious article" in the Barisan's Chinese-language newspaper. In the same month, he was arrested with 25 others and charged with unlawful assembly for his participation in a demonstration against United States involvement in the Vietnam War that resulted in open confrontation with police. It has been noted that he was active among peace campaigners calling for an end to the US bombing of Indochina during the Vietnam War in the 1960s.

In early October 1966, he and eight other Barisan Sosialis MPs boycotted the Parliament over the decision by the ruling People's Action Party (PAP) to split from Malaysia. This was part of the Barisan's strategy to protest "undemocratic acts" of the Government, by carrying their struggle against the PAP outside of Parliament. He declared that the means of the struggle would be "street demonstrations, protest meetings, strikes".

On 8 October 1966, he led an illegal protest march of 30 supporters to Parliament House and handed a letter to the Clerk of the House demanding a general election be held under eight named conditions, with the release of all political detainees and the revocation of all "undemocratic" laws.

Arrest and imprisonment
On 29 October 1966, he and 22 other Barisan Sosialis leaders were arrested pursuant to powers afforded by the Internal Security Act. The official statement released by the Government alleged that Barisan's attempt to arouse a mass struggle outside of parliament was prejudicial to the stability of Singapore. The round of arrests was the second one conducted by the government, including those occurring as part of Operation Coldstore in 1963. Chia was specifically detained for his role in organising and leading the street procession on 8 October.

Ties with the Communist Party
The other detainees were released eventually after they each signed a document promising to renounce violence and sever ties with the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM). However, he refused as he felt that signing such a document would imply that he was affiliated with the CPM and, in his own words: "to renounce violence is to imply you advocated violence before. If I had signed that statement I would not have lived in peace." Thus, in time, and without ever being the subject of an indictment or a criminal trial, he became one of the longest-serving political prisoners in the world – with some consequent restrictions upon his civil rights remaining in place for a total of more than 32 years subsequent to his initial arrest. The length of his detention has been compared to that of Nelson Mandela, who was imprisoned for a total period longer than 27 years subsequent to his arrest, trial and convictions for treason, sabotage and other political crimes.

He was deprived of Singapore citizenship in February 1968 as he could not produce a birth certificate to substantiate his claim that he was born in Singapore in 1933. He was served with a Banishment Order in August 1968. He remained detained in the Queenstown Remand Prison "awaiting deportation" (presumably to China) until 1976, when the Banishment Order was dropped and he was served with a fresh detention order under the ISA in June that year.

During his incarceration, he spent substantial time in solitary confinement at the Whitley Road Detention Centre. In late 1978, Amnesty International confirmed that he was detained at the Moon Crescent Detention Centre located within the grounds of Changi Prison.

In 1982, he was moved out of prison and into a series of government halfway houses. In 1985, the government of Singapore asserted that the purpose of his detention related to the allegation that he had been a member of the CPM and suggested that he was therefore willing to participate in anti-Singapore political violence and terrorism.

Release
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Confinement
On 17 May 1989, he was released from 23 years of imprisonment without charge or trial on the mainland, and instead confined to a one-room guardhouse on Sentosa where he was required to pay the rent on the pretext that he was then a "free" man. He was also required to purchase and prepare his own food. As he had no money, he was offered a job as the assistant curator under the employ of Sentosa Development Corporation.

He refused the offer on the understanding that it was a government civil service position in which he might, as a result, be "muzzled" from talking to the media without official permission. Instead, he negotiated an arrangement where he worked as a freelance translator for the Sentosa Development Corporation. About that time, he remarked about the circumstances of his continuing detention and the culture of politics in Singapore in general, continuing to criticise the PAP of arrogance and elitism, including ruling with "iron-handed policies".

Reduced restrictions
In 1990, there was some relaxation of the restrictions applying to him. Chia has stated his belief that representations by Chancellor Helmut Kohl of West Germany in the mid-1980s played some part in the Singaporean government's decision to soften its stance in regard to him.

In 1992, he was allowed to return to the mainland and visit the home of his parents, but was still placed under restrictions on travel, activities and associations.

In November 1997, restrictions were further relaxed to an extent that allowed him to accept a fellowship from the Hamburg Foundation of the German government for politically persecuted persons. He subsequently spent a year in Hamburg studying economics, politics, and German language. He was also permitted to change his address and to seek employment without prior permission of the director of Singapore's Internal Security Department.

In August 1998, he underwent a prostate operation in Singapore.

In November 1998, it was reported that the source of his income was the work that he performed as a freelance translator.

On 27 November 1998, all remaining restrictions were nullified. He thus formally regained rights to make public statements, address public meetings, and participate in political activity. He immediately called upon the Government to repeal the Internal Security Act and expressed his interest in becoming involved in political activity.

On 27 November 1998, Amnesty International issued a public statement that restrictions on "Singapore's longest serving prisoner of conscience" had been lifted. Amnesty International considered the announcement to be more than thirty years' overdue.

Since release
In late 2000, he was pursuing a master's degree in development studies at the Institute of Social Studies in The Hague and expected to complete those studies and return to Singapore in December of that year.

In 2006, the supervision of his PhD thesis through the institute was completed and he has been conferred his doctorate.

A March 2008, version of his staff profile at the ISS describes his position as "Project assistant to the project MPA in Governance, Suriname".

In late 2011, he was awarded the Lim Lian Geok Spirit Award at a public ceremony in Kuala Lumpur.

In 2015, he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.

Writings

 * Transplanted or Endogenized? FDI and Industrial Upgrading in Developing Countries. Case study of Indonesia (2006), Shaker Publishing

title: Chia Thye Poh


text:
File:Dire Straits - Sultans Of Swing picture cover.jpg

Summary
Dire Straits - Sultans Of Swing. UK 45 rpm single picture cover

Licensing
Original UK release album cover - album covers are fair use. Picture scanned by me Ian Dunster from original UK 45rpm single picture cover.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Talk:Tring

Untitled
It seems unlikely that the old livestock market at Tring is still worthy of mention, as the area that contained the original working shambles has now been covered in tarmac.

213.152.56.61 Please dont use Wikipedia to make personal attacks on people on the talk pages Lumos3 15:24, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC) anyone else happen to come accross this gem except an irate businessman? i lived in tring for 15 years. i moved away when i could. anyone else have an opinion?

Could someone create an article called Walter Rothschild Zoological Museum? I think it would be an important page, because the museum is mentioned in many other articles.

 * Done, see above link. Lumos3 22:44, 9 July 2006 (UTC)

Layout - pictures overwrite text
On my (Gecko) browser the pictures on the left overwrite the text. This happens when the text size is >100%.

It needs someone with more image/layout expertise than I have to fix it. DaveRo 15:54, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

Done! Took a while, but I think it looks neater... Hope it helps. UltimateNagash 10:37, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

Small update
I've moved one photo to improve the layout, it looked terrible. I've also updated to article to reflect the change in the museum name and updated it's link. Also changed the news link as it had been changed at Hemel Online. photo Rob 22.30 23 May 2007(GMT)

region
Isn't Hertfordshire in the eastern region?

Meaning
I came here hoping to find the derivation of the name Tring. Anyone able to add something about it? David Colver (talk) 18:26, 31 May 2008 (UTC)
 * i'm no expert on this but the meaning of the name Tring or rather Tredunga / Treunga, which are the first spellings to be found in the Domesday Book is not obvious but in 1265 a later spelt more usefully provides an answer OE 'trẽo-hangra' which can be vocalised as 'Trehanger'  and as it suggests means 'a slope on where trees grow'. Btw there is another line of thought which does not have much support I should add that the name relates to 'triangle' presumably due to the tongue of land surrounded on three sides by manors in Buckinghamshire.Tmol42 (talk) 20:14, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

Seems to be another theory here: "Nevertheless, discussion as to the origin of the name Tring continue: some favour a Saxon "three-wooded place", some allude to a connection with the local Celtic tribe, the Trinovanti (perhaps a Saxon version of this romanisation of their original Celtic name)."Danrok (talk) 15:01, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

Stanley Lief, Champneys and Nature Cure
Although the Naturopathy page, to which I have linked, has set off considerable controversy, the existence of an activity called Nature Cure (as the kind of naturopathy the present General Council and Register of Naturopaths consider mainstream) was a reality, and it had many hundreds, perhaps thousands, of enthusiasts. The page titled Nature Cure is almost empty and seems redundant. I left the fate of Champneys unmentioned because of its present commercial status. Michael P. Barnett (talk) 19:29, 26 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Hi Michael, I agree the Champneys article is not up to an encyclopaedic standard, however it would be the right place to set out the story of how Stanley Lief's converted it and used it as a natural health clinic, an essential part of its history connecting it to its present purpose as a spa in fact. It would contribute to improving the article. In any case, although the postal town of Champneys is Tring, the house and estate are some distance from the town, Champneys is on the edge of the village of Wigginton. I may be wrong but I assume Lief had no specific connection with Tring so mentioning Lief in the Tring article is out of place. Tmol42 (talk) 20:31, 26 November 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Tring


text:
User talk:Stevertigo/Archive 10

Image:Michelson interferometer schematic.png
--David Iberri | Talk 18:18, Nov 16, 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh I see, you redrew the existing diagram. Wouldn't that still be considered your artwork? --Diberri | User talk:Diberri 17:56, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Language order poll
Way back in Feburary, you created the above page. I'm wondering if it is still open, or what you intend to do with it. I'm trying to clean up Topical Index as part of the WikiProject Wikipedia Namespace, and it's not clear what that page's status is. Thanks for any help. JesseW 12:29, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started the Free the Rambot Articles Project which has the goals of getting users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to... using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) version 1.0 and 2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to the GFDL (which every contribution made to Wikipedia is licensed under), but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles (See the Multi-licensing Guide for more information). Since you are among the top 1000 most active Wikipedians, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles.
 * 1) ...all U.S. state, county, and city articles...
 * 2) ...all articles...

 * Nutshell: Wikipedia articles can be shared with any other GFDL project but open/free projects using the incompatible Creative Commons Licenses (e.g. WikiTravel) can't use our stuff and we can't use theirs. It is important to us that other free projects can use our stuff.  So we use their licenses too.

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the   template (or    for public domain) into their user page, but there are other templates for other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace   with   . If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know at my talk page what you think. -- Ram-Man 18:06, Nov 30, 2004 (UTC)

 * Let me explain my purpose here a little more clearly. The rambot's user page, which you left a comment on, contains a very unofficial list of people who have multi-licensed their stuff.  It's not meant to be anything more than an informative list.  It is also not a place to vote.  When people multi-license their changes I add their name to the list depending on the license.  It is meant primarily to show the users who in the narrow context of state, city, county articles have released their contributions (if any, but many people will edit at least one city at one point or another).  In fact the list is mostly for my usage so I can track what progress that I am making.  I would like for more than just the rambot articles to be multi-licensed, it is just that I want to focus my attention on the first goal while always striving for the second.  The fact is that about 90% or so of those people who multi-license their state/county/city articles ALSO multi-license ALL of their main namespace edits.  It is not just the so-called rambot articles that are useful to other projects, but it at least allows me to use those articles for work at WikiTravel.  And since it is entirely optional I don't see any problems.  Feel free to respond on my talk page if you have additional thoughts.  -- Ram-Man 21:47, Nov 30, 2004 (UTC)

 * I've responded on my user talk page. -- Ram-Man

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following images:

 * Image:Dott50.png
 * Image:goko.gif
 * Image:Tenseg1.png
 * Image:Tenseg2.png
 * Image:Tenseg3.png
 * Image:Tenseg4.png
 * Image:Tatgunschem.png

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 05:22, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

Notice of planned merge and redirect for Rebel
Hi Stevertigo,

This is a courtesy notification to you as the creator of rebel. I am currently trying to organize the web of articles related to rebellion, rebel, insurgency, freedom fighter, etc, that are making navigating the topic almost impossible due to their wildly varying quality, length and wikification. Please see my talk page for more. I am starting with the most general terms and merging 'participant' articles into their 'event' page, which makes merging rebel into rebellion my first priority. Unless I hear an objection I will be making the merge in a few days. Please let me know if you have any concerns. Regards, BanyanTree 06:57, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Wikipedia:Local Embassy
I found your name on zh:Wikipedia:&. Please also sign on Local Embassy if you can help Chinese speaking users in English Wikipedia. -- Felix Wan 00:49, 2004 Dec 18 (UTC)

Charles Darwin
User:Fastfission and others, including User:Noisy have been on a crusade to delete the mention of Charles Darwin and Abraham Lincoln sharing a birthday. I have remained civil but others have been flaming. FastFission posted a biased comment on RfC which I have made neutral (I hope). Would you be interested in supporting my side? If so, please start at Talk:Charles_Darwin. Of course, that's my side, but the other side is strongly represented in the rest of the Talk page.Thanks Vincent 06:15, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Oscar Wilde
What's up with the restructure? (Please reply at Talk:Oscar_Wilde, where I've made further comments). -- Jmabel | Talk 08:22, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)

International English
As you may have noticed, I took the work you did at International English and tried to produce an article that followed in that path. However, currently, an editor, who doubts that International English even exists, is somewhat unilaterally attempting to control the article, I believe to its grave worsening.

You may wish to check the article and make known any opinions you have, either in support or against what I have done and the current state of the article. The version I prefer, though certainly not faultless, is at User:Jallan/International English.

Jallan 07:17, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thanks
I quite agree on the imperfections of my article. A difficulty I had was attempting not to go all the way with your glowing endoresement of International English, partly because there are academics (and others) who are actively hostile to the concept. One must be NPOV and indicate there are two sides to the question. As usual, there are the romantics who delight in linguistic diversity and wonderful new Englishes and Creoles and so forth, and there are the down-to-earth practical types who favor the obvious advantages of one international language, or failing that then two: U.S. English and British English.

Unfortunately, the arguments are complex, and I felt I could not go much farther than to indicate there was debate on the neturality issue and let the additional reading material take up the slack. Supposed Neutrality as a header made me wince also. While literally neutral, the idiomatic nuence of the term was too suggestive that the neutrality was bogus. But "Claimed neutality" and other similar phrases didn't come out any better. I could have reversed it to something like Supposed cultural bias I suppose. This is a problem I've had in other articles. Sometimes the solution, when covering the same material in more than one article, is to use, to some extent, a glass half-full approach in one article and a glass half-empty approach in another, when language just won't let you be neutral, without expanding a discussion far out of reasonable bounds. But in this case, it is likely that a heading saying Neutrality would have done better.

Jallan 04:41, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Main namespace cleanup
In an effort to clean up the main namespace, I've moved your old main namespace userpage to User:Stevertigo/old, as there's some edit history you might want to keep. Otherwise just delete it. --fvw *  12:27, 2004 Dec 31 (UTC)

Could someone please start mediating? - Andre Engels 16:02, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Life and death
Hi Stevertigo,

I was asked to replace the images at Life and death. Although a screen shot is fair use, apparently modifying it (e.g. by adding numbers over stones) isn't allowed.

I've made new versions of the first three boards. See, for example, Image:Go position, life and death, 3.png. I could copy the last two as they are, but it looks to me like they could use some cleanup too. The last image, I propose to leave out digits 5 through 9, and place stones 11, 12, and 13.

But I don't really understand the ALTERNATE VERSION, so I don't know how to fix it. Comments?

Dbenbenn 06:20, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Quadell doesnt know what the heck he's talking about - screenshots are fair use, and moreso when they are of material created by the creator - me. Quadell's use of the term "altered" didnt take into consideration the use of software to create new images in their own right. I liked my version better, to be honest. -==SV 07:22, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I still don't understand what Image:LnD15.png is attempting to convey. Perhaps you could explain it?  Thanks, dbenbenn | talk 22:19, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

'I dont understand' - its simple, really. Do you play go? -==SV 00:09, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, I know how to play go. I'm not an especially good player.  Anyway, I don't see what the A, B, C, and triangle indicate.  dbenbenn | talk 00:12, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Untagged Image
Please tag Image:Lock-icon2.jpg See Image copyright tags for help. Note: It is currently listed as unverified so your action is needed. Thanks for your cooperation. Superm401 18:04, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * The same is true for Image:WOM Image3.png. – Quadell (talk) (help) 15:07, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * And:
 * Image:Meerkatmascot1b.png -- Kbh3rd 02:41, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Current events
Hi hello, would you be interested to contribute to Current events in Hong Kong and Macao? best, — Instantnood 11:40, Jan 27 2005 (UTC)

Life and Death
You asked "Why the delete of images from life and death?" I apologize, but I don't know what you mean. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 17:05, Feb 5, 2005 (UTC)

Mediation meeting
Template:Mediation-meeting Please edit the side box here (be brief) to update when you might be able to attend. Thanks. -==SV 22:06, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Oops
I'm not sure. Sorry about that. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 04:13, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Cangjie
I've been hoping to make some improvements upon the Cangjie article that you created but it's protected for some reason. Since you're the only one who has touched it, I assume you might have something to do with it. Why is it protected and what is the procedure for getting it unprotected? The page really needs to be fixed up since it's mostly an incomprehensible machine translation. Please reply in the Talk:Cangjie page. Thanks! -- Umofomia 00:36, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)

Template:Christianity
Hi, can you look at Template talk:Christianity and help to outline what is needed on the template so we can therefore make it easier to code the html for the template for what best suits the subjects and not just change the Islam one. This will probably be the best method. gren 03:59, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * In response - The reason the Islam template is green is because Islam is associated with green. The style is very nice ofr Islam and it fits how Islam should be represented in a template but the nature of the topics of Christianity likely makes it necessary to have some changes on the template.  The template should represent Christianity since that is what it is for, Islam's template is green, Jesus' has the face of Jesus.  These are proper representations where equality is nonesense because differences do not bring in a POV to the article. gren 04:09, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)

In response 2 - bah, why is this argument toned and all. We both want a good template and to that ends it is necessary to know what goes on the template before we can know how it will best look. I have no problem with it looking like the Islam template if it happens to have parts that warrant it being in that form, however Christianity might not be so easily fit into that style template. I only wish that since you have done more for this template than I that you look at the talk page for it and help to decide the nesting and what belongs on the template itself. After that we can see what style best fits the parts we wish to put on it. I am not saying make it a different style, I am just trying to say we must formalize what will go on it before we make it. Because... as of my last check Salafism was on the Christianity template... will you help me to that end? gren 04:23, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * In response 3 - Jihad and Crusade are not equivalents by any means. As Crusade denotes they were a series of military campaigns and a word never used in the Bible.  Jihad is a word used in the Qur'an and does not only denote military struggle (lesser Jihad).  Jihad has a sense of inner struggle as well and we cannot be expected to call them equivalents because of mass ignorance.  This is by no means favoring Christianity because I do mostly favor Islam in my personal beliefs, it has to do with there is no such thing as direct equivalence between religion.  There is no equivalent to directly relates to a Fatwa that spans Christianity, if you wish to add Papal decrees the term merely applies to Catholicism.  I am not asking you to remove things crticial of Christianity or to hide them away from view I am just asking you to see the sense in not trying to pick out each entry into the Islamic template and translate it.  There is no role in prominent Christianity like a Muezzin.  There was never a Christian caliphate, to call the Holy Roman empire such would be a misnomer because it was started many years after the Death of Jesus.  There is no Trinity in Islam.  Christians were widely persecuted for many years after Jesus' death whereas before the death of Muhammad Mecca and Medina at least were controlled by Muslims.  The point is there were vastly different circumstances and to ignore that and somehow equate Crusades directly to Jihad is wrong. gren 05:26, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)

In Response 4 - Well, we can have philosophical differences and hopefully they will not translate into differences on the template. I know it still needs work since I just patched things together and wouldn't recommend putting it onto the page yet but I suppose maybe that would force people to help edit it who don't otherwise know of its existence. The progress others than yourself are making was me and then a few edits by Ungtss... because of the fact that it is primarily my work into this versoin I know it is insufficient even if a move in the right direction and hope that the community will remedy my errors. Christianity is more difficult than Islam as they have no basic five pillars or even the same creed that they all accept. Here's to progress gren 00:43, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)

History of the Church of England
Hi,

I've taken the POV tag off the History of the Church of England page, because there was nothing on the Talk Page explaining or discussing why it might be considered POV. I'm not necessarily saying it is NPOV, but if you re-add the tag could you also add something to the Talk Page explaining why?

Thanks, TSP 09:07, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Anglicanism
Thanks for the edits. I've tried to clarify with a Leadership section. See what you think. Although perhaps the organisational content should be merged to Anglican Communion? Man vyi 22:06, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Yes, both Anglicanism and Anglican Communion could do with a mutual tidy. I think that Anglican Communion should probably concentrate on the organisation, while Anglicanism should in principle focus on the theology. Both articles probably need a measure of history. Like Anglicans, it'll probably muddle through to a compromise in the end! Man vyi 06:20, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Patent-free ciphers
There are quite a few ciphers without patent problems (that is, either not patented, or the patent-holders let anyone use the ciphers for any purpose). Off the top of my head, examples include DES, AES, Twofish, CAST-128 and KHAZAD. IIRC, use of IDEA is permitted for non-commercial use. It's quite possible that some open-source software infringes on patents, but probably the bigger, famous packages steer clear. I know that GnuPG are quite careful about using only unencumbered algorithms. — Matt Crypto 01:32, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Hi guys... Well, free for a restricted use is definitely not free! ;) Would you mind removing IDEA from the Free Ciphers list? Thanks -- ClementSeveillac 05:42, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Messianic democracy
Your recent edit at Totalitarian democracy is very confusing. Are you saying that Talmon used the term "messianic democracy" rather than "totalitarian democracy"? Or what? Also writing "term" and linking to political neologism seems out of line: if you mean "political neologism", say it, no?

I figured I'd take this up with you rather than just revert: I assume you have a point you are trying to make, but so far this is just confusing. Could you take another shot at it? Thanks. -- Jmabel | Talk 06:01, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)

Image:Jalal Talabani.jpg
Hi. I understand the recrop, but why did you enlarge the image? It only serves to make it a bit more blurry, and it's not like we have a need to display it at this artificially enlarged size anywhere.--Pharos 08:57, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I'm not saying enlarging the image was the worst thing in the world, but frankly I can't think of a single reason why we would want a somewhat expanded slightly fuzzy version of any image when there is no particular need to display the image at that size. Please explain your reasoning. Thanks.--Pharos 05:16, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Vfd tags on Criticism of the Iraq War
Hi, Stevertigo

I understand that seeing ones creations listed up on Votes for Deletion can be upsetting, but you are plainly not allowed to remove the Votes for Deletion-tag. Sjakkalle 08:32, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I must disagree with you that such a listing on vfd is invalid. The deletion criterion "No potential for becoming encyclopedic" is a pretty broad one, although it applies is always somewhat controversial. The feeling among the voters is the this could not become much more than a biased criticism against the war. Sjakkalle 09:18, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Well if you both rename and rewrite an article, then you have pretty much deleted the original content anyway. Sjakkalle 09:26, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Wikilove
It is okay SV. I know you did not mean ill, and was very proud someone thought it good enough to move it here. Yeah, I felt a bit ... not so happy about this, but others kindly mentionned the origin of it, so that was really fine. And I know you are not always much around :-) Thanks for the neat pict;-) Anthere

Deletion policy
If the listing on VfD is against deletion policy, it would probably look better for you to argue that on VfD instead of edit warring on the page. Even if the listing is ill-advised, those generally get voted on anyway. In practice, the rule of thumb tends to be "If someone wants it deleted, we'll hear them out." So, stupid listing or no, best to argue it on VfD would be my advice. Snowspinner 03:32, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * For better or worse, deletionism is not a crime. :) Snowspinner 04:15, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

Phonetics
In the Phonetics article, I noticed you changed:
 * For instance, in Chinese characters, a phonetic refers to the portion of the character that hints at its pronunciation.

to:
 * For instance, in Chinese characters, a phonetic refers to the portion of the character  or word  that hints at its pronunciation.

I can't say that the new statement is now correct. A phonetic in Chinese is an orthographic feature that applies to a single written character. Some characters may be words, but most words are more than one character long and in such a case, this statement would make no sense. Do you agree? --Umofomia 03:33, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

short chronology
I'm sorry but I do not understand the note you left on my talk page. dab (ᛏ) 18:40, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I see -- the subject is very complicated and full of pitfalls. I agree that it is high time for the merge with Chronological systems of Babylonia and Assyria, so I hope you get around to dig into it deeper... Be careful with saying that the schort chronolgoy is "most common". I believe it is acknowledged as the most likely to be correct, today, but for a long time the middle chronology was used as the facto standard, so which is more commonly used will really depend on the date of the publication. We should also make sure to refer to all three chronologies in the intro, giving their Hammurabi dates, since short, middle and long chronology are all redirected to this article, and often people will just want to see the numbers. regards, dab (ᛏ) 19:47, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

cRASS
hi- I was wondering why you removed the anarchism template from the Crass page- personally i feel that it is entirely appropriate placed there quercus robur 22:08, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

AP Photos
Thanks for your comment/question on my talk page. The AP photos in question are the only ones we have permission for. I will be requesting permission on additional ones as I come across them. I'm trying to focus on the notable photos since those would be the most likely to attract their attention and lead to a dispute with them. So if you come across something and are wondering on it feel free to let me know and I'll take a look. --Wgfinley 22:12, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Convention
Would you consider a Charter Convention? — Xiong 熊 talk 02:06, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)

 * ..."Charter Convention?"...-SV|t|th 02:56, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

(I moved your reply to keep the thread unfragmented. I'm trying to start a trend.)

I had to follow the link and read your comment 3 or 4 times before I caught your meaning. Perhaps my fault for going in such an abruptly different direction. My reply to the rest of your comment is on my Talk page.

A caucus of sensible folk is forming to discuss a Charter -- a Constitution, if you like -- for the project membership. I invite you to join -- just send me email at: xiong@mochamail.com and I'll include you. No heavy lifting required. — Xiong 熊 talk 03:16, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)

Magic (paranormal) NPOV header
Going through the edit comments to this article, I noticed that it was you who added the NPOV header to that article; and that it was apparently because of objections to the heading "Changing attitudes towards magic".

Just curious as to what the problems are you see there, and how the article might be improved in your eyes. The talk page of the article is probably the most convenient place to continue this. -- Smerdis of Tlön 18:49, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Template Ecstasy
I do not see any reason to have the simple organic data table for ecstasy in a separate special template. I will revert the article and list the template for deletion. Cacycle 08:34, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

RecentChanges
I may have been a bit hasty in removing the box but I thought it was ugly and didn't belong there. You could make a statement on the village pump or WP:AN. I don't think there is any official policy but RecentChanges should be reserved for small benign things not requests for action. I wouldn't object if you put it back as a small line of text. If I was doing this I would have introduced a second template and phased it in over time. BrokenSegue 22:57, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Josphus
Totally agree - Josephus was a very complex bloke. I re-edited and expanded the article - but he certainly deserves more. I'll come back to him if I can, unless someone else does it first.--Doc Glasgow 23:40, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

"anti-japanese" textbook demonstrations in China
I agree with you about the title to a certain extent (I added "textbook" to the title just a day ago), but "Textbook demonstrations in China" is way too unclear, it makes it seem like people are protesting over a Chinese textbook. Or, are you not advocating that the main title not be changed to that, just use that within the article, i.e. it should be more generic? I think we can perhaps come up with an even better title than what is there currently, something like maybe Anti-Japanese Government textbook demonstrations in China but that is kind of long. What do you think? zen master   T  21:08, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't like "whitewashing", that doesn't sound good and is a word that generally requires added context. There needs to be an "anti" in the title to convey the fact the protestors are against something, not for something, as well. zen master    T  21:24, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * hmmm, Anti-Japan government textbook demonstrations in China kind of sounds awkward, I think if we add "government" it's clear the protests are against the Japanese government textbook office's policies, rather than the japanese people. So how about Anti-Japanese government textbook demonstrations in China? zen master    T  21:35, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

template current
How does br break anything???, It's been this way for months and nobody has complained. —Cantus… ☎   22:25, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)

Infotainment
Well, I thought that there was really no point in discussing hard news and soft news separately; they are two sides of the same coin. What is not one is either the other or neither, and the boundaries are fuzzy and controversial. I also thought there's not much point in discussing soft news and infotainment separately, because the two terms refer to more or less the same thing, depending on who is using them.

The article I created doesn't pretend to cover the entirety of the process of production of either professional journalism or fluff; that's certainly appropriate to delegate to other articles. Whether or not article titled "infotainment" is necessary, I'm not sure, especially since it has negative POV connotations. Certainly the industries of entertainment news, human interest reporting, home and garden shows, etc. deserve coverage, but I would expect them to have their own articles. What sort of content were you thinking should be added to "infotainment" itself? -- Beland 02:04, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure exactly what you are proposing. Did you mean that you think my new article should be retitled "infotainment", and that "hard news" and "soft news" should redirect there?  I just tidied up both the "infotainment" and "hard news, soft news, and infotainment" so they could both co-exist, which is what I originally thought you had in mind? -- Beland 02:25, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

How Long Is the Coast of Britain? Statistical Self-Similarity and Fractional Dimension
Just wondered why you have added a math-stub notice to How Long Is the Coast of Britain? Statistical Self-Similarity and Fractional Dimension - what exactly do you think is missing from the article ? The article is intended to provide a summary of Mandelbrot's original paper, and I think adding more detail would require more or less repeating chunks of the paper itself, which I believe is not good idea. Gandalf61 10:32, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your prompt response to my question. If you don't mind, I will take the math-stub notice off the article. To answer your question about my views on Access, I agree that mathematics articles should contain links to articles about related concepts, especially those which are pre-requisites for understanding the article in question. But I disagree with the idea that all mathematics articles should include "low-level explanations". If we tried to make every mathematics article self-contained, then each one would become huge, and there would be an enormous amount of overlap and repetition. So, for example, How Long Is the Coast of Britain? should (and does) contain links to fractal, Hausdorff dimension, Koch snowflake etc., but it should not (and does not) attempt to explain all of these concepts. Interested readers can follow the links. Gandalf61 10:55, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)

Protection
Why what? Sorry, I don't follow you. SlimVirgin (talk) 03:35, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Is there a reason you keep protecting New anti-Semitism? It was attacked by an editor who's been adding nonsense all day, a sockpuppet who's already up on an RfC. However, he seems to have stopped now, so there's no need for page protection. SlimVirgin (talk) 03:39, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * LOL! We keep talking past each other. I unprotected it because it wasn't a genuine edit dispute, just a troublemaker. I've been watching his contribs and he seems to have stopped. Must have worn himself out. ;-) SlimVirgin (talk) 03:42, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Although LevelCheck is a troublemaker, his edit to New anti-Semitism (inadvertently?) improved it. The edit war was bad.  SlimVirgin and my girlfriend shouldn't have kept reverting.   — Helpful Dave 03:49, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It was not an edit war. All his edits were being reverted because of vandalism and trolling, and in fact he was about to be blocked, which I think is why he stopped. Pages should not be protected because of a single idiot. SlimVirgin (talk) 04:17, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * ST, look carefully at his contribs. He does not have a substantial history, and if you read his edits, you'll see they're all deliberately provocative, and most have been reverted (e.g. he created a page called "Poking a dog with a stick" meaning animal cruelty). He's associated with at least three other sockpuppet accounts that I'm aware of, and was also warned not to vandalize when he was posting as an anon IP. Read the RfC against him. Read the adminship nomination for SamuraiClinton. This user has a history of trouble-making and nothing else. I'd appreciate it if you could let me know why you protected it in the first place, given that LevelCheck had stopped, and no one else was editing it, and what you meant by asking me whether I understood policy. SlimVirgin (talk) 04:08, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * ST, I really must insist that you assume good faith. I was not engaging in any revert war, and hadn't even looked at the history. I was checking his contribs only, and was reverting any that were vandalism, deletion of material, nonsense categories, nonsense redirects; and was about to block him, having warned him two or three times today. That is not editing warring. Had I been involved in editing the article, I would not, of course, have unprotected it, and I'm surprised you think otherwise. SlimVirgin (talk) 04:33, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * You make a fair point about me not having left a comment on talk. I should have done that, and I apologize for the oversight. Best, SlimVirgin (talk)  07:40, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

Iraq Al-Qaeda links move
As much as I like your new title I have to point out there is a talk page vote (requested move) currently underway. You moved it to Talk:Alleged links between Iraq and Al-Qaeda zen master   T  05:23, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * oh ok, I thought there was a policy for moves like VfD, I like the new title. zen master   T  05:44, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Image:Sciencecenter.jpg
Burgundavia 23:58, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

Help
Calling for backup. Help save List of incidents famously considered great blunders. A wonderfully useful article and the subject of a number of books and documentaries. Viciously attacked by deletionists. It does have a few supporters, but our voices are being drowned out. Please help save this article! - Pioneer-12 06:49, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Precidents for Vfd
Thanks for your input. Re: List of incidents famously considered great blunders. "there are easy to find precedents" Any precidents you know of would be most appreciated. - Pioneer-12 09:18, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stevertigo/Archive 10


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cheval Blanc

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete (pending). moink 16:49, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

Cheval Blanc
Local brew-pub with no indication of notability. Delete. --Allen3 talk 13:46, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: no evidence of notability. Wile E. Heresiarch 05:19, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, advert. Megan1967 07:01, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but concentrate on the vineyard, which is more notable. Grutness|hello? [[Image:Grutness.jpg|25px|]] 06:08, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
LGBT rights in Iran

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Iran face severe challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Sexual activity between members of the same sex is illegal and can be punishable by death, and people can legally change their assigned sex only through sex reassignment surgery. Currently, Iran is the only country confirmed to execute gay people, though death penalty for homosexuality might be enacted in Afghanistan.

LGBT rights in Iran have come in conflict with the penal code since the 1930s. In post-revolutionary Iran, any type of sexual activity outside a heterosexual marriage is forbidden. Same-sex sexual activities are punishable by imprisonment, corporal punishment, fines, or execution. Gay men have faced stricter enforcement actions under the law than lesbians.

The government of Iran is considered to be one of the most discriminatory towards homosexuals in the world. It is estimated that hundreds or thousands  of people were executed in the immediate aftermath of revolution of whom some 20 were homosexuals. Ruhollah Khomeini called for them to be exterminated in 1979.

Transgender identity is recognized through sex reassignment surgery. Sex reassignment surgeries are partially financially supported by the state. Some homosexual individuals in Iran have been pressured to undergo sex reassignment surgery in order to avoid legal and social persecution. Iran carries out more sex reassignment surgeries than any other country in the world after Thailand.

LGBT history in Iran
Around 250 BC, during the Parthian Empire, the Zoroastrian text Vendidad was written. It contains provisions that are part of sexual code promoting procreative sexuality that is interpreted to prohibit same-sex intercourse as sinful. Ancient commentary on this passage suggests that those engaging in sodomy could be killed without permission from a high priest. However, a strong homosexual tradition in Iran is attested to by Greek historians from the 5th century onward, and so the prohibition apparently had little effect on Iranian attitudes or sexual behavior outside the ranks of devout Zoroastrians in rural eastern Iran.

There is a significant amount of literature in Persian that contains explicit same-sex illustrations. A few Persian love poems and texts from prominent medieval Persian poet Saadi Shirazi's Bustan and Gulistan have also been interpreted as homoerotic poems.

Under the rule of Mohammad Reza Shah, the last monarch of the Pahlavi dynasty, homosexuality was criminalised, though it was mostly tolerated even to the point of allowing news coverage of a mock same-sex wedding. Janet Afary has argued that the 1979 Revolution was partly motivated by moral outrage against the Shah's government, and in particular against a mock same-sex wedding between two young men with ties to the court. She says that this explains the virulence of the anti-homosexual oppression in Iran. After the 1979 Revolution, thousands of people were executed in public, including some homosexuals.

Legality of same-sex sexual activity
Since the 1979 Revolution, the legal code has been based on Islamic law. All sexual activities that occur outside a traditional, heterosexual marriage (i.e., sodomy or adultery) are illegal. Same-sex sexual activities that occur between consenting adults are criminalized and carry a maximum punishment of death—though not generally implemented. Rape, whether same-sex or opposite-sex, often results in execution, but is related to adultery and sodomy in Iran's penal code rather than being classified as "sexual assault". The death penalty is legal for those above 18, and if a murder was committed, legal at the age of 15. Approved by the Parliament on July 30, 1991, and finally ratified by the Guardian Council on November 28, 1991, articles 108 through 140 distinctly deal with same-sex sexual activities and their punishments in detail.

Male same-sex sexual activity
According to Articles 108 to 112, sodomy (lavāt) can in certain circumstances be a crime for which both partners can be punished by death. If the participants are adults, of sound mind, and consenting, the method of execution is for the judge to decide. If one person is non-consenting (i.e., rape), the punishment would only apply to the rapist. A non-adult who engages in consensual sodomy is subject to a punishment of 74 lashes. Articles 114 to 119 assert that sodomy is proved either if a person confesses four times to having committed sodomy or by the testimony of four righteous men. Testimony of women alone or together with a man does not prove sodomy. According to Articles 125 and 126, if sodomy or any lesser crime referred to above, is proved by confession and the person concerned repents, the judge may request that he be pardoned. If a person who has committed the lesser crimes referred to above repents before the giving of testimony by the witnesses, the punishment is quashed. The judge may punish the person for lesser crimes at his discretion.

Female same-sex sexual activity
According to Articles 127, 129, and 130, the punishment for female same-sex sexual activity (mosāheqe) involving persons who are mature, of sound mind and consenting, is 100 lashes. If the act is repeated three times and punishment is enforced each time, the death sentence will apply on the fourth occasion. Article 128 asserts that the ways of proving female same-sex sexual activity in court are the same as for sodomy. Article 130 says that both Muslims and non-Muslims are subject to the punishment. According to Articles 132 and 133, the rules for the quashing of sentences, or for pardoning, are the same as for the lesser male homosexual offenses. According to Article 134, women who "stand naked under one cover without necessity" and are not relatives may receive a punishment of 50 lashes.

At the discretion of the Iranian court, fines, prison sentences, and corporal punishment are usually carried out rather than the death penalty, unless the crime was a rape.

The charges of same-sex sexual activity have in a few occasions been used in political crimes. Other charges had been paired with the sodomy crime, such as rape or acts against the state, and convictions are obtained in grossly flawed trials. On March 14, 1994, famous dissident writer Ali Akbar Saidi Sirjani was charged with offenses ranging from drug dealing to espionage to homosexual activity. He died in prison under disputed circumstances.

Adultery
Adultery (zina-e-mohsen) is punishable by 100 lashes for unmarried people and by death on the fourth offense. It is punishable by death by stoning (under moratorium since 2002, officially replaced in 2012, by an unspecified punishment) for married people and in all cases of incest. If an unmarried non-Muslim male has sexual relations with a Muslim female, the non-Muslim male will be put to death. Four witnesses (rather than two witnesses) are required to prove adultery, the person must confess four times, or they must be convicted by judge's knowledge (through definite circumstantial evidence). If the person confesses twice and is "repentant" or the victim's family forgives the adulterer, the judge can give a tazir sentence of 99 lashes instead, or imprisonment. Convictions and executions for this crime are extremely rare, usually only carried out in the case of death and rare even then.

In November 2021, a married Iranian man and his male lover, ages 27 and 33, were given the death penalty for adultery. The married man's wife pleaded for their lives, while her father asked that they be executed. The judge upheld her father's request.

Public morality laws
Under more public morality laws, offenders face additional jail time, whippings, and fines.

Article 637 – Any man and woman who are not married and who commit a crime against public morality, excluding adultery, should be sentenced to flogging (99 lashes). If one of them did not consent to the crime, then only the one who initiated the crime should be punished. Article 638- Anyone who explicitly violates any religious taboo in public beside being punished for the act should also be imprisoned from ten days to two months, or should be flogged (74 lashes). Note- women who appear in public without a proper hijab should be imprisoned from ten days to two months or pay a fine of 50,000 to 500,000 Ryal. Article 639 – The following people should be imprisoned from one to ten years, and in the case of category (a) the property should be confiscated according to decision of the court. a) anyone who manages a property where activities against public morality take place; b) anyone who encourages people to violate public morality; Article 640 – The following people should be imprisoned from three months to one year and pay a fine of 1,500,000 to 6,000,000, and also be flogged up to 74 lashes, or any of these punishments. c) anyone who publicizes any picture, text, photo, drawing, article, newsletter, newspaper, movie, or any other thing that violates public morality; d) anyone who is included in the circulation of the above items;

Capital punishment

Some human rights activists and opponents of the government in Iran claim between 4,000 and 6,000 gay men and lesbians have been executed in Iran for crimes related to their sexual orientation since 1979. According to The Boroumand Foundation, there are records of at least 107 executions with charges related to homosexuality between 1979 and 1990. According to Amnesty International, a male homosexual was executed in January 1990 under unclear circumstances that is no reason was given. At least five people convicted of homosexual activity, three men and two women were executed in January 1990 as a result of the government policy of demanding executions of those who "practice homosexuality".

In a November 2007 meeting with his British counterpart, Iranian member of parliament Mohsen Yahyavi admitted that the government in Iran believes in the death penalty for homosexuality. According to Yahyavi, gays deserve to be executed. He said that if they do it privately then it's okay but if they do it overtly then they are to be executed.

LGBT rights activists Zahra Seddiqi Hamedani and Elham Choubdar were sentenced to death in 2021 by a court in Iran for "promoting homosexuality, promoting Christianity and communicating with media opposed to the Islamic Republic". The sentence was confirmed by Iran's judiciary, but said the charges involved "human trafficking and not activism". On September 5, 2022, Iran's official IRNA news agency reported that the two women had been sentenced to death on charges of "corruption on earth" and human tracking. The European Union condemned the death sentences on September 13, 2022.

Sodomy
Few consenting participants of sodomy (lavāt) are sentenced to death, but prior to 2012, both partners could receive the death penalty. On March 15, 2005, the daily newspaper Etemad reported that the Tehran Criminal Court sentenced two men to death following the discovery of a video showing them engaged in sexual acts to which they confessed. Another two men were allegedly hanged publicly in the northern town of Gorgan for sodomy in November 2005. In July 2006, two youths in north-eastern Iran were hanged for "sex crimes", probably consensual homosexual acts. On November 16, 2006, the State-run news agency reported the public execution of a man convicted of sodomy in the western city of Kermanshah. In January 2022, two gay men allegedly sentenced for "forced sexual intercourse between two men" were executed in the city of Maragheh after spending six years on death row.

Arrests
On January 23, 2008, Hamzeh Chavi, 18, and Loghman Hamzehpour, 19, were arrested in Sardasht, West Azerbaijan, for homosexual activity. An on-line petition for their release began to circulate around the internet. They apparently confessed to the authorities that they were in a relationship and in love, prompting a court to charge them with mohārebe ("waging war against God") and lavāt (sodomy).

There were two reported crackdowns in Isfahan, Iran's third-largest city. On May 10, 2007, Isfahan police arrested 87 people at a birthday party, including 80 suspected gay men, beating and detaining them through the weekend. All but 17 of the men were released. Those who remained in custody were believed to have been wearing women's clothing. Photos of the beaten men were released by the Toronto-based Iranian Railroad for Queer Refugees. According to Human Rights Watch, in February 2008, the police in Isfahan raided a party in a private home and arrested 30 men, who were held indefinitely without a lawyer on suspicion of homosexual activity.

In April 2017, 30 men were arrested in a raid in Isfahan Province, "charged with sodomy, drinking alcohol and using psychedelic drugs".

Recognition of same-sex relationships
Same-sex marriage and civil unions are not legally recognized in Iran. Traditional Iranian families often exercise strong influence in whom, and when, their children marry and even what profession they chose. Few LGBT Iranians come out to family due to the fear of being rejected. No legislation exists to address discrimination or bias motivated violence on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity.

Traditional Iranian families tend to prohibit their children from dating, as it is not a part of Iranian culture, although this has become somewhat more tolerated, among liberals. In 2004, an independent film was released, directed by Maryam Keshavarz, that examined the changing mores of Iranian youth when it comes to sex and dating.

Gay Iranian couples are often afraid to be seen together in public, and report that LGBT people were widely stereotyped as being sex-obsessed child molesters, rapists, and disease-ridden.

Gender identity and expression
As Article 20 in Clause 14 states, a person who has sex reassignment surgery can legally change their name and gender on the birth certification upon the order of court.

Those who are in favor of legitimately being able to reassign one's sex surgically utilize article 215 of Iran's civil code, stating that the acts of every person should be subject to rational benefit, meaning gender reassignment surgery would be in the best interest of whoever is appealing for governmental support. Caveats, however, include the need to have medical approval from a doctor that supports a dissonance between assigned gender and their true gender. Although legally recognized by the current Supreme Leader in Iran, Grand Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Grand Ayatollah Yousef Madani Tabrizi addresses gender reassignment surgery as "unlawful" and "not permissible by Sharia (Islamic law)". Reasons for his contestation include the altering of God's creation and disfiguration of vital organs as being unlawful.

Since the mid-1980s, the Iranian government has legalized the practice of sex reassignment surgery (under medical approval) and the modification of pertinent legal documents to reflect the reassigned gender. In 1983, Khomeini passed a fatwa allowing gender reassignment operations as a cure for "diagnosed transsexuals", allowing for the basis of this practice becoming legal.

Some homosexual individuals in Iran have been pressured to undergo sex reassignment surgery in order to avoid legal and social persecution. Tanaz Eshaghian's 2008 documentary Be Like Others highlighted this. The documentary explores issues of gender and sexual identity while following the personal stories of some of the patients at a gender reassignment clinic in Tehran. The film was featured at the Sundance Film Festival and the Berlin International Film Festival, winning three awards. Sarah Farizan's novel If You Could Be Mine explores the relationship between two young girls, Sahar and Nisrin, who live in Iran through gender identity and the possibility of undergoing gender reassignment surgery. In order for the two to be in an open relationship, Sahar considers surgery to work within the confines of law which permits relationships after transitioning due to the relationship being between a male and female.

Trans men and trans women are treated differently from each other in Iranian society. Trans men are more visible socially and are able to find acceptance in society more easily than trans women, who are often misgendered and put in the same category as gay men.

Blood donation
Homosexuals and bisexuals are banned from donating blood in Iran. The ban also extends to lesbians.

Censorship
In 2002, a book entitled Witness Play by Cyrus Shamisa was banned from shelves (despite being initially approved) because it said that certain notable Persian writers were homosexuals and bisexuals.

In 2004, the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art loaned a collection of artwork that formerly belonged to Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi that had been locked away since the Revolution in 1979 to the Tate Britain. The artwork included explicit homoerotic artwork by Francis Bacon and the government in Iran stated that upon its return, it would also be put on display in Iran.

In 2005, the Iranian Reformist paper Shargh was shut down by the government after it interviewed an Iranian author, living in Canada. While the interview never mentioned the sexual orientation of Saghi Ghahreman, it did quote her as stating that, "sexual boundaries must be flexible... The immoral is imposed by culture on the body". The conservative paper Kayhan attacked the interview and the paper, "Shargh has interviewed this homosexual while aware of her sick sexual identity, dissident views and porno-personality." To avoid being permanently shut down, the paper issued a public apology stating it was unaware of the author's "personal traits" and promised to "avoid such people and movements."

Violence
In May 2021, a 20-year-old Iranian was murdered, allegedly by his half-brother and cousins, days after the military mailed him a document exempting him from military service because of his sexual orientation.

LGBT Iranians have fled Iran in recent years hoping to gain asylum in Europe.

Exiled political parties and groups
The government in Iran does not allow a political party or organization to endorse LGBT rights. Vague support for LGBT rights in Iran has fallen to a handful of exiled political organizations.

The Green Party of Iran has an English translation of its website that states, "Every Iranian citizen is equal by law, regardless of gender, age, race, nationality, religion, marital status, sexual orientation, or political beliefs" and calls for a "separation of state and religion".

The Worker Communist Party of Iran homepage has an English translation of its manifesto that supports the right of "All adults, women or men" to be "completely free in deciding over their sexual relationships with other adults. Voluntary relationship of adults with each other is their private affair and no person or authority has the right to scrutinize it, interfere with it or make it public".

The leftist Worker's Way, the liberal Glorious Frontiers Party, and the center-right Constitutionalist Party of Iran have all expressed support for the separation of religion and the state, which might promote LGBT rights.

LGBT rights movement
In 1972, scholar Saviz Shafaie gave a public lecture on homosexuality at Shiraz University and in 1976 would research sexual orientation and gender issues at Syracuse University. In the 1990s, he joined the first human rights group for LGBT Iranians, HOMAN, and continued his work until he died of cancer in 2000.

In 2001, an online Iranian LGBT rights organization called "Rainbow" was founded by Arsham Parsi, a well-known Iranian gay activist, followed by a clandestine organization named the "Persian Gay and Lesbian Organization". As of 2008, this group has been renamed as the "Iranian Railroad for Queer Refugees" (IRQR). While the founder of this group had to flee Iran and continue his work as an exile, there is an underground LGBT rights movement in Iran.

Ali Mafi, an openly gay Iranian-born comedian started his career in 2016. In all his shows, Mafi mentions his status as an Iranian citizen and his commitment to being proud of who he is regardless. Mafi currently resides in San Francisco, California, which hosts a prominent gay community.

In 2007, the Canadian CBC TV produced a documentary that interviewed several LGBT Iranians who talked about their struggles.

During protests against the outcome of the Iranian election in July 2009, it was reported that several openly gay Iranians joined crowds of protesters in the United Kingdom and were welcomed with mostly positive attitudes towards LGBT rights.

In 2010, a group of LGBT activists inside Iran declared a day to be Iran Pride Day. The day is on the fourth Friday of July and is and celebrated annually in secret.

As of 2012, OutRight Action International develops an online resource for LGBTIQ Iranians in Persian.

JoopeA organized the Iran in Amsterdam Pride as the Iran Boat (Iraanse Boot) in the Amsterdam Gay Pride festival in 2017 and 2018. The Iran Boat won the Best of Pride Amsterdam 2018 (Publieksprijs) award.

HIV/AIDS
Despite the deeply conservative character of the government in Iran, its efforts to stop the spread of HIV/AIDS have been quite progressive. The first official reports of HIV/AIDS in Iran were reported in 1987, and a government commission was formed, albeit it was not until the 1990s that a comprehensive policy began to arise.

In 1997, Arash Alaei and his brother, Kamiar, were given permission to open up a small office for HIV/AIDS research among prisoners and with a few years, despite public protests, they helped open the first general HIV/AIDS clinics. A booklet was approved, with explanation of condoms, and distributed to high school students. By the late 1990s, a comprehensive educational campaign existed. Several clinics opened up to offer free testing and counseling. Government funds were allocated to distribute condoms to prostitutes, clean needles and drug rehabilitation to addicts and programs aired on television advocating the use of condoms. While there are shortages, medication is given to all Iranian citizens free of charge.

The Alaei brothers were joined in their educational campaign by Minoo Mohraz, who was also an early proponent of greater HIV/AIDS education, who chairs a research center in Tehran. Along with government funding, UNICEF has funded several Iranian volunteer based groups that seek to promote greater education about the pandemic and to combat the prejudice that often follows Iranians who have it.

In June 2008, the Alaei brothers were detained, without charge, by the government in Iran, after attending an international conference on HIV/AIDS. The government has since accused the two doctors of attending the conference as part of a larger plotting to overthrow the government.

In 2007, the government in Iran stated that 18,320 Iranians had been infected with HIV, bringing the official number of deaths to 2,800, although critics claimed that the actual number might've been much higher. Officially, drug addiction is the most common way that Iranians become infected.

While educational programs exist for prostitutes and drug addicts, no educational campaign for LGBT people has been allowed to exist. In talking about the situation Kaveh Khoshnood stated, "Some people would be able to talk about their own drug addiction or their family members, but they find it incredibly difficult to talk about homosexuality in any way". "If you're not acknowledging its existence, you're certainly not going to be developing any programs [for gays]".

Asylum cases
The consequences of a same-sex relationship deemed a punishable crime or even death in Iran, results in a toil that forces many LGBT people to seek asylum in countries where the life situation is better. Many LGBT individuals seek refugee status from the UNHCR to be resettled in Australia, Canada, or the United States.

Some middle-class Iranians have received an education in a Western nation. There is a small population of gay Iranian immigrants who live in Western nations.

In 2001, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights rejected a plea from an Iranian man who escaped from an Iranian prison after being convicted and sentenced to death for the crime of homosexual activity. Part of the problem with this case was that the man had entered the country illegally and was later convicted of killing his boyfriend, after he discovered that he had been unfaithful.

In 2005, the Japanese government rejected an asylum plea from another Iranian gay man. That same year, the Swedish government also rejected a similar claim by an Iranian gay man's appeal. The Netherlands is also going through a review of its asylum policies in regards to Iranians claiming to be victims of the anti-gay policies in Iran.

In 2006, the Netherlands stopped deporting gay men back to Iran temporarily. In March 2006, Dutch Immigration Minister Rita Verdonk said that it was now clear "that there is no question of executions or death sentences based solely on the fact that a defendant is gay", adding that homosexuality was never the primary charge against people. However, in October 2006, after pressure from both within and outside the Netherlands, Verdonk changed her position and announced that Iranian LGBTs would not be deported.

The United Kingdom came under fire for its continued deporting, especially due to news reports documenting gay Iranians who committed suicide when faced with deportation. Some cases have provoked lengthy campaigning on behalf of potential deportees, sometimes resulting in gay Iranians being granted asylum, as in the cases of Kiana Firouz and Mehdi Kazemi.

Views of the government on homosexuality
Iran's state media have shown hatred toward homosexuals on many occasions. In particular, Mashregh News, a news website "close to the security and intelligence organizations", has described homosexuals in an article as "individuals who have become mentally troubled in natural human tendencies, have lost their balance, and require psychological support and treatment".

In October 2007, the then President of Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, speaking to Columbia University, stated that "In Iran, we don't have homosexuals", though his spokesperson later stated that his comments were misunderstood.

In a November 2007 meeting with his British counterpart, Iranian member of parliament, Mohsen Yahyavi admitted that the government in Iran believes in the death penalty for homosexuality. According to Yahyavi, "if homosexual activity is in private there is no problem, but those in overt activity should be executed".

In a March 2013 interview on the state television, Iran's secretary of High Council for Human Rights, Mohammad-Javad Larijani called homosexuality an "illness" while denying the persecution of gay people in Iran. He stated that "Promoting homosexuality is illegal and we have strong laws against it. ... We consider homosexuality an illness that should be cured. We don't consider it acceptable to beat or mistreat homosexuals, either. ... [Homosexuality] is considered as a norm in the west and they are forcing us to accept it. We are strongly against this."

The Chief Justice of Iran, Sadeq Larijani at a 2014 conference in Tehran denied the execution of gay people in Iran, stating "That they say we execute homosexuals is not more than a lie. ... We do not provide these people with opportunity, but what they say that we hang them is a lie that they have fabricated for the Islamic Republic."

In June 2019, in a press conference held in Tehran between Mohammad Javad Zarif Minister of Foreign Affairs and Heiko Maas Minister of Foreign Affairs, openly gay German journalist Paul Ronzheimer of the tabloid Bild asked Zarif "Why are homosexuals executed in Iran because of their sexual orientation?", to which Zarif seem to affirm that execution of gay people takes place by saying that his "society has principles. And we live according to these principles. These are moral principles concerning the behavior of the people in general, and that means that the law is respected and the law is obeyed."

Films about LGBTQ in Iran

 * I don't like her directed by Javad Daraei
 * Facing Mirrors directed by Negar Azarbayjani
 * Be Like Others directed by Tanaz Eshaghian.
 * White Paper directed by Seyed Mohsen Pourmohseni Shakib.
 * Opponent directed by Milad Alami
 * Circumstance (2011) by Maryam Keshavarz

Country Reports on Human Rights Practices of 2017
"Children The review noted many concerns, including discrimination against girls; children with disabilities; unregistered, refugee, and migrant children; and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) minors."

Acts of Violence, Discrimination, and Other Abuses Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity The law criminalizes consensual same-sex sexual activity, which is punishable by death, flogging, or a lesser punishment. The law does not distinguish between consensual and nonconsensual same sex intercourse, and NGOs reported this lack of clarity led to both the victim and the perpetrator being held criminally liable under the law in cases of assault. The law does not prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Security forces harassed, arrested, and detained individuals they suspected of being gay or transgender. In some cases security forces raided houses and monitored internet sites for information on LGBTI persons. Those accused of “sodomy” often faced summary trials, and evidentiary standards were not always met. Punishment for same-sex sexual activity between men was more severe than between women. According to international and local media reports, on April 13 at least 30 men suspected of homosexual conduct were arrested by IRGC agents at a private party in Isfahan Province. The agents reportedly fired weapons and used electric Tasers during the raid. According to the Canadian-based nonprofit organization Iranian Railroad for Queer Refugees, those arrested were taken to Dastgerd Prison in Isfahan, where they were led to the prison yard and told they would be executed. The Iranian LGBTI activist group 6Rang noted that, following similar raids, those arrested and similarly charged were subjected to forced “anal” or “sodomy” tests and other degrading treatment and sexual insults.

The government censored all materials related to LGBTI issues. Authorities particularly blocked websites or content within sites that discussed LGBTI issues, including the censorship of Wikipedia pages defining LGBTI and other related topics. There were active, unregistered LGBTI NGOs in the country. Hate crime laws or other criminal justice mechanisms did not exist to aid in the prosecution of bias-motivated crimes.

The law requires all male citizens over age 18 to serve in the military, but exempts gay men and transgender individuals, who are classified as having mental disorders. New military identity cards listed the subsection of the law dictating the exemption. According to 6Rang, this practice identified the individuals as gay or transgender and put them at risk of violence and discrimination.

The government provided transgender persons financial assistance in the form of grants of up to 45 million rials $1,240 and loans up to 55 million rials $1,500 to undergo gender reassignment surgery. Additionally, the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare required health insurers to cover the cost of such surgery. Individuals who undergo gender reassignment surgery may petition a court for new identity documents with corrected gender data, which the government reportedly provided efficiently and transparently. NGOs reported that authorities pressured LGBTI persons to undergo gender reassignment surgery.

title: LGBT rights in Iran


text:
Sujeo

Sujeo is the Korean term for the set of eating utensils commonly used to eat Korean cuisine. The word is a portmanteau of the words sutgarak (숟가락, 'spoon') and jeotgarak (젓가락, 'chopsticks'). The sujeo set includes a pair of oval-shaped or rounded-rectangular metal (often stainless steel) chopsticks, and a long handled shallow spoon of the same material. One may use both at the same time, but this is a recent way to eat quicker. It is not considered good etiquette to hold the spoon and the chopstick together in one hand especially while eating with elders. More often food is eaten with chopsticks alone. Sometimes the spoon apart from chopsticks is referred to as sujeo.

Chopsticks may be put down on a table, but never put into food standing up, particularly rice, as this is considered to bring bad luck since it resembles food offerings at a grave to deceased ancestors. The spoon may be laid down on the rice bowl, or soup bowl, if it has not been used. As food is eaten quickly, and portions are small, little time is spent in putting eating utensils down.

Cases for sujeo in paper or Korean fabrics were often embroidered with symbols of longevity and given as gifts, particularly at weddings. They are now sold as souvenirs.

title: Sujeo


text: Category:427 BC deaths

title: Category:427 BC deaths


text:
User:Mx303

Hello all, Mx303 here.

Firstly, Wikipedia is something rather special, but you probably already know that.

As for me, my interests are too numerous to mention. Chances are if it involves science, history or art then i will have something to say on it. My motto is that everyone is entitled to my opinion =)

New applications for multimedia fascinate me. Interactive Medieval Map (http://www.medievalmap.net) (Flash Plug-in Required) is a website I made and it rather neatly combines my interest in history & web animation.

Bye for now and see you around

title: User:Mx303


text:
Talk:GarageGames

Untitled
This article's current text is definitely NPOV and sounds suspiciously PR-like. -DynSkeet 13:53, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * As it turns out, it was almost directly pasted from the company's website. I rewrote the article and removed the NPOV template. -DynSkeet 16:52, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Sounds so irrelavent. Delete it, it isn't even famous. Kick it off Wikipedia.

 * doesnt need to be famous to be there Leapster 14:54, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

 * +1 leapster ; to Mr "Delete it" > Ho yea of course, "it isn't even famous" in you opinion, so let's "kick it off" wikipedia. Maybe these guy at GG are going to release the next Tribes (do you even know this game series ?) but anyways, let's delete ! These people worked at Dynamix (Red Baron, Starsiege to Tribes 2) ? YOU don't care about that so we must delete it ?!
 * Wikipedia dweller (you could at least add your signature), that's not your home here, it's everyone's home. Go back to Halo and CoD5 article if you want "famous" game >:(
 * (if you delete this page, go delete Free Radical, Bullfrog and Lionhead article too, "not famous" devs ! =D)--90.60.183.47 (talk) 22:12, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Is anybody going to talk about the $80 million IAC buyout? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.106.249.108 (talk) 02:23, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

ENTIRE TRIBES UNIVERSE IP ACQUIRED
''Remember Tribes? The original jetpack shooter? Yeah, you probably know what game I'm talking about.''

''Well Tribes is coming back! We have obtained the IP for the entire Starsiege Universe including Tribes 1. We'll be showing Tribes 1 off at GDC this next week in San Francisco, so if you will be there, be sure to stop by our booth and check it out.'' InstantAction blog

=> Tribes 1 is back !!! :'D --90.60.183.47 (talk) 22:12, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

Boooyah! Go Starsiege Tribes baby! The original shooter where if you got hit in the face with a disc/mine/grenade combo it meant you just plain lost! Haha! :D User:Dobat 8 December 2009

GarageGames changed its name
GarageGames changed its name to TorquePowered, but they haven't changed its logo yet, I think. Should anybody edit the article? 68.80.13.51 (talk) 15:25, January 2, 2010 —Preceding undated comment added 20:26, 2 January 2010 (UTC).

I think it should be re-named to TorquePowered. They are shifting away from the GarageGames name, and will be removing all references to it on their website.EvanVolm (talk) 19:52, 3 May 2010 (UTC)

Bitfighter?
Any reason for mentioning this? I can see it being brought up on ZAP's own wiki page, but I don't see why it's on the GarageGames wiki. This page is mainly about the games and technology of GarageGames. —Preceding unsigned comment added by EvanVolm (talk • contribs) 02:54, 21 July 2010 (UTC)

Like an advertisement?
I don't see how this article is "written like an advertisement." Can someone explain this to me please? Maximus23623 (talk) 13:16, 14 September 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:GarageGames