text:
User:Jammydodger/Daniel Mytons

The Right Honourable Daniel Jeremy Mytons, Baron Mytons of Durley (born 18 February 1930) is a Britannican politician and was Prime Minister of Britannica from 1988–1992.

Early Life
Daniel Jeremy Mytons was the son of Jack Mytons, a labourer, and Sarah Purson. His education stopped at teh legal age of 15, in 1945. He worked as an erran boy until 1946, when he became a labourer like his father. When his father bought a radio, and when he heard the 1945 General Election boradcast, he became intensly interest in politics.

Political Career
In 1948 he was selected for the marginal seat of Columbia and Banks Green, which he won in teh election that year.

He was appointed as Spokesman on Transport in 1950. He almost ended his politcal career with a remark overhead about Labour's transport policies, saying "the bloody fools don't know a damn thing", in 1951. He was promoted in 1952 to Secretary to the Treasury, butsas he was hopeless at finance, he was swapped over to Employment Secretary in 1953.

Employment rose slightly by 0.4% under his tenure, but a high profile job loss incident in Strassfurt when a company closed won, it was considered best if he was moved again. In 1955 he was finally moved to Lord Privy Seal, but only months later the Conservatives won the election after 7 years in opposition.

He stayed as Shadow Lord Privy Seal until 1957, when he was promoted to Shadow Health Secretary. When Labour won the July 1958 General Election, he filled out his office in governmental form until 1963, when the Tories returned to power.

In 1966, he was heard to comment "I wish our bloody leader would pull himself and the party together". It was ocnsidered best if he would stay out of teh light light and was moved to Shadow Lord Privy Seal once again. In 1970], Labour return to power. In [[1974 he was finally promoted to War Secretary, but the next year Labour lost the election.

In 1978, Daniel Mytons was promoted to Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer, this was a big mistake. A lot of voters remembered Mytons terrible tiem as Secretary to teh Treasury, and teh press were quick to critisize on his lack of college education, let alone university education. But Labour still won a small majority in teh 1979 General Election.

When Chancellor of the Exchequer, he basically just laid back and let the civil servants do the work for him, this was a well hidden secret. In 1988, the labour elader resigned after a sex scandal and Mytons was 'left' to take over the leadership, and so became Prime Minister.

Prime Minister
He continued on his predeccessor's policies until after the 1989 General Election. Soon after the election he began a radical program of giving more power ot the unions and increasing government spending, with raxpayers beign dragged screaming into the 1990s. This policy was not working well with the voters.

Mytons new that the young generation would take over after him. Mytons, by 1992, was 62, and the Leader of the Opposition, 39. Knwing this, he set FIona Crouch in the best position he could to succeed him, but was forced to make and keep Roy Morrol Chancellor of the Exchequer.

By 1992, the King thought that the people really did need fresh policies, and he called a general election. In the election, Laboru was 'flung' out of government in favour of teh Conservatives. Mytons is considered the reason why right-wing politics have dominated since then.

Weeks afte the election, he retired, and finally didn;t stand as an MP in the 1998 election. That year he was made Baron Mytons of Durley. He was diognosed as having cancer in 2004, was given only a few years to live. He stopped all public appearances in January 2005.

 * Chancellor of the Exchequer
 * Roy Morroll, Chancellor of the Exchequer (1988-1992)
 * Home Secretary
 * Daniel Mytons (Prime Minister), Home Secretary (1988-1989)
 * Fiona Crouch, Home Secretary (1989-1992)
 * Foreign Secretary
 * Fiona Crouch, Foreign Secretary (1988-1992)
 * War Secretary
 * Transport Secretary
 * Health Secretary
 * President of the Borad of Trade
 * Education and Culture Secretary
 * Royal Law and Finance Secretary
 * Employment Secretary
 * Environmental Secretary
 * Lord Privy Seal
 * Lord President of the Council
 * Lord Chancellor

 * 1948-1955: MP for Columbia and Banks Green
 * 1950-[1952]]: Spokesman for Transport
 * 1952-1953: Secretary of the Treasury
 * 1952-1955: Employment Secretary
 * 1955: Lord Privy Seal
 * 1955-1998: MP for Strassfurt South
 * 1955-1957: Shadow Lord Privy Seal
 * 1957-1958: Shadow Health Secretary
 * 1958-1963: Health Secretary
 * -:
 * -:

Secretary to teh Treasury Spokesman for Transport (1950-1952) MP for Columbia and Banks Green (1948-)

title: User:Jammydodger/Daniel Mytons


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chad Talbot

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 02:41, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Chad Talbot
Unverifiable. Not notable. Probable vanity. Delete --BM 23:04, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable Gazpacho 23:08, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable. SteveW 23:09, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Chad must be a great guy, but so are we all. Delete unnotable Chad. JFW | T@lk  23:33, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, possible vanity. Megan1967 06:45, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable Dsmdgold 22:49, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; has to be vanity. Being military does not make you worthy of an article. Do something recongnizably notable, and try again in a few decades, Chad. --Kaelus 23:57, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: Category:German engineers

title: Category:German engineers


text:
Liuqiu Island

Liuqiu, also known by several other names, is a coral island in the Taiwan Strait about 13 km southwest of the main island of Taiwan. It has an area of 6.8 km2 and approximately 12,200 residents, the vast majority of whom share only 10 surnames. It is administered as a township of Pingtung County in Taiwan Province, Republic of China. the township chief is Chen Lung-chin.

Names
Liúqiú is the pinyin romanisation of the Mandarin pronunciation of the Chinese name. Other romanisations include Liuchiu, Liu-chiu, and Liu-ch'iu based on the Wade-Giles system for Mandarin and Ryūkyū from its Japanese pronunciation. The original Liuqiu appears in the Book of Sui and other medieval Chinese records as an island kingdom somewhere in the East China Sea. It was written by different authors with different homophonous characters and appears to have transcribed a native name. That kingdom has been variously identified with states on Taiwan Island, Okinawa, and the Penghu Islands. The name Liuqiu Islet (, yǔ) was first used during the Ming Dynasty. Since "Ryūkyū" is also the name of the nearby Ryukyu archipelago including Okinawa and a historical kingdom there, the island has also been nicknamed "Little Liuqiu" (小琉球, Pinyin Xiǎo Liúqiú) as opposed to "Big Liuqiu" (大琉球) for the Ryukyu Islands or Taiwan - since the early 20th century. Transcriptions of the nickname include Xiao Liuqiu, Siaoliouciou, and Sio Liu-khiu.

The island was previously known in English and other European languages as Lambay, Lamay, or Lamey Island. It is thought to be a transcription of a name from one of the Taiwanese aboriginal languages. Other indigenous names were Samaji and Tugin.

It was occasionally also known as Golden Lion Island, a calque of its old Dutch name Gouden Leeuwseylant. The city's tourism department ascribes the name to Vase Rock's supposed resemblance to a lion, but it actually honours the slaughtered crew of the Gouden Leeuw.

History
The Siraya, the Taiwanese indigenous peoples who also lived in nearby Pingtung County on Taiwan Island, are thought to have been the island's original inhabitants.

In 1622, the Dutch ship Goude Leeuws or Gouden Leeuw (Dutch for "Golden Lion") hit the island's coral reefs. Its entire crew was massacred by the island's natives. In 1631, the Dutch yacht Beverwijck wrecked on the same reefs and its fifty-odd survivors battled for two days before also being slaughtered to a man. Hendrik Brouwer, the governor-general of the Dutch East Indies, personally ordered his lieutenant on Taiwan Hans Putmans to "punish and exterminate the people of... the Golden Lion Island as an example for their murderous actions committed against our people." A 1633 expedition under Claes Bruijn discovered it was undermanned for the task and accomplished little, aside from finding the large cave on the island used by its natives as shelter in times of trouble. A larger expedition under Jan Jurriansz van Lingga in 1636 corralled the locals into it, sealed its entrances, and filled its air with burning pitch and sulphur for eight days. By the end of the "Lamey" or Liuqiu Island Massacre, about 300 were killed and 323 were enslaved, the men being sold to plantations on Taiwan and Indonesia and the women and children being used as wives or domestics on Taiwan.

The first Han inhabitant is variously described as a Fujianese fisherman surnamed Chen, sometimes said to have arrived by accident during a storm in the same year as the massacre, or as Li Yuelao, who supposedly "discovered" and developed the island after Koxinga overthrew the Dutch in 1662. The few remaining native inhabitants were picked off by further slave raids and assaults until 1645, when a Chinese merchant who leased the island from the Dutch removed the last 13 indigenous inhabitants. It was resettled by the Chinese, who erected a prosperous fishing village, but only had about 200 inhabitants at the end of Qing control in 1895.

During the Japanese occupation of Taiwan following the First Sino-Japanese War, the island was administered as a village of the Tōkō District of Takao Prefecture.

After the Republic of China resumed control in 1945, the island became a township of Pingtung County within Taiwan Province, which became streamlined in 1998.

Liuqiu transitioned to a tourism-based economy in the early 21st century, particularly following its inclusion in the Dapeng Bay National Scenic Area in 2004. It now receives hundreds of thousands of tourists a year, although this brings new challenges. In early 2015, more than 850 MT of garbage piled up on the island when the county government forgot to budget funds to transport it to Taiwan Island for incineration. The island was left without disposal services from January to May, when it was finally able to draw on a national subsidy to correct the problem. Similarly, refuse from tourists and fishermen killed over 90% of the island's coral before conservation efforts began to reverse the trend.

Geography
Liuqiu Island is a foot- or boot-shaped coral island covering 6.8 sqkm at high tide and about 7.4 sqkm at low tide, running about 4 km north to south and 2 km east to west. It lies in the southeast corner of the Taiwan Strait, about 8 nmi SSW of Donggang at the mouth of the Gaoping River on the southwestern shore of Taiwan Island. Overall, the island inclines gently from the southwest to the northeast, but consists of two grabens—one NE to SW, the other NW to SE—that meet in the middle, dividing the island into four terraces. Its highest point is Belly Hill, about 80 m above sea level.

Liuqiu is the only island township in Pingtung County. It is one of Taiwan's largest coral islands, and the only one with significant population and human activities. It is also covered with limestone and land coloured red by weathered iron oxide and silicon oxide. Its beaches, reefs, caves and eroded rock formations have become tourist attractions. Its principal beaches are Chungau Beach ( t, s , Zhōng'ào Shātān) on the north shore and Duozaiping ( t , s , Dǔzǎipíng Cháojiāndài) and Geban Bay on the west shore. The most important of the island's caves are Black Dwarf Cave, Beauty Cave, and Lobster Cave. The most famous rocks are Vase Rock at the north end of the island, the Sanfu Ecological Corridor ( t, s , Shānfù Shēngtài Lángdào) on the east coast, and the Houshi Fringing Reef (, Hòushí Qúnjiāo) in the southeast, which includes Mouse Rock (, Lǎoshǔ Shí), Guanyin Rock ( t , s , Guānyīn Shí), Indian Rock ( t , s , Hóngfān Shí), and Climbing Tiger Rock (, Páshānhǔ) in the southeast.

Its forests include white popinac, acacia, wild pineapple (lintou), and bamboo.

Wildlife
Liuqiu has a diverse ecosystem. Chung Au Beach, a shell-sand beach, abuts waters that are home to approximately 176 species of fish and numerous coral species. It is also home to young and adult green sea turtles, with adult females coming ashore to nest during the summer months. Marine vertebrates such as sharks, flying fish, sea turtles, and cetaceans such as sperm whales may appear around the island.

Climate
Overall, Liuqiu has a dry and warm climate but is the most typhoon-prone of the Taiwanese islands. It has a tropical monsoon climate (Am), with warm temperatures year round with a rainy or monsoon season from April to October and a dry season with cooler temperatures from November to March. The rainiest recorded month was one June (2657 mm); the driest, one December (1.9 mm).

Administration
The current township chief is Chen Lung-chin ( t, s , Chén Lóngjìn).

Liuqiu Township consists of 8 villages, with the township seat located in Zhongfu Village.

Economy
In the early modern era and under the Japanese, Liuqiu's residents were mostly occupied with fishing and small-scale agriculture. After the restoration of Chinese control in 1945, some quarries were opened to export stone and lime. As Taiwan's economy has improved, tourism has employed more and more people.

Water and electricity are provided from Taiwan Island. Because of the constant threat of summer typhoons, construction on the island is now specially designed to accommodate strong winds and waves.

Fishing
The traditional mainstay of the local economy has been fishing in the rich waters of the nearby Kuroshio Current. Most residents still make their living by fishing, but the better pay catering to tourists has caused it to run short of manpower. The trade is increasingly reliant on foreign sailors brought in to crew local boats and on cage aquaculture ( t, s , xiāngwǎng yǎngzhí), the latter of which is also used as a tourist attraction.

Agriculture
The lack of rivers on the island and infertile ground makes farming difficult. Early on, the main products came from local coconut palms. After 1945, the islands' farmers focused on sweet potatoes and peanuts. Presently, production on the island's 140 ha of farmland has shifted to mangos and other fruits, including papayas, guavas, and rose apples.

The overall climate is only suitable for dryness-tolerant crops, but the island's exposure to the monsoon and typhoons make even those high-risk. As such, cultivated land has been decreasing since at least 1980 and old fields have been given up to scrubland and forest. The island's agricultural association has focused on high-margin, fast-turnover fruit instead, particularly mangos.

Tourism
The sea temperature of the island is above 25 C year round, allowing many species of coral reefs to inhabit the area and making it one of the best locations for winter swimming activities in Taiwan. Tourism became a mainstay of Liuqiu's economy in the 21st century. After it was included in the Dapeng Bay National Scenic Area in 2004, it gained media exposure and advertised until it was one of Pingtung County's main sightseeing locations. Home to less than 15,000 residents, the island saw over 500,000 tourists in 2012 and over 400,000 in 2014. B&Bs and hotels now cover the island, while others rent bicycles and motorcycles or facilitate scuba certification and diving.

The island's main sights are its temples; its beaches, reefs, caves, and rock formations; its net cages for fishing; the bamboo forest and wetland park ( t, s , Zhúlín Shēngtài Shīdì Gōngyuán) in the center of the island; the architecture and shops along Sanmin Road 三民, Sānmín Lǎojiē); the Sanfu Fishing Port ( t , s , Shānfú Yúgǎng); the Sea View Pavilion (, Wànghǎi Tíng) beside Beauty Cave, Restoration Pavilion ( t , s , Fùyù Liángtíng) on a reclaimed landfill on the east coast, and Sunset Pavilion (, Luòrì Tíng) on the island's southwest corner; and Sanzu or Wild Boar Ditch ( t , s , Shānzhū Gōu), a steep gully northwest of Sanban'ao near Black Dwarf Cave.

The Taiwanese government has restricted access and set daily limits for visitors at the islands' intertidal zones since 2012. The increased control has helped restore the areas' ecosystems and biological diversity in the years since.

Religion
Chinese ancestral veneration is abundantly demonstrated, with most plots of undeveloped land on the southern half of the island outside the tourist areas covered with graves. Regulations established by Taiwan's Ministry of the Interior usually prohibit burials within 500 m of a residence, but complying to this particular law on Liuqiu Island would be impossible.

Liuqiu is famed for its many temples: at least 38 main ones and as many as 70 in total. The people are quite religious and it is common to pray and give offerings for recovery from illness; for blessings for new ships, houses, and marriages; for protection while fishing; and for appropriate times for funerals.

The deities worshipped on the island are mostly those of the local faiths of Quanzhou and Zhangzhou in Fujian, whence the original Han settlers originated. The most important and popular is Guanyin, the Buddhist Bodhisattva of Compassion. Her Jade Cloud Temple ( t, s , Bìyún Sì) and her annual birthday festival on the 19th day of the 2nd lunar month are likewise the main ones on the island. The birthday festivities are celebrated at temples in every village, with ceremonies and Taiwanese opera performances in her honour performed for about a month and a half. This has become a major tourist draw, as has the still larger "Welcoming the King" festival held every three years in honour of the plague subduer deity, Lord Wu.

Two other important temples are Spirit Mountain Temple ( t, s , Língshān Sì) on a cliff beside Baisha Port, built in the early 1960s and primarily dedicated to Lord Buddha, and the Palace of the Three Prosperous Ones ( t , s , Sānlóng Gōng) south of Benfu Village and dedicated to Lord Zhu, Lord Chi and Lord Wu. Erlong Temple in Haizikou is also a common waypoint used by tourists following the ring road along the island's coast.

Christianity was introduced by the Dutch. There is still a Presbyterian church on the island, begun by English missionaries who also once operated a sanitarium on the island. Spanish Catholicism and Japanese Shintoism and Buddhism were introduced by their respective empires but have since died out.

Transport
The only public transport to Liuqiu is by ship from Donggang in Pingtung County and Zhongyun in Kaohsiung on Taiwan Island. Boats arrive at Baisha Port on the north end of the island or Dafu Port on its east coast. The island is 8 - 9 nmi from the Taiwan mainland, which is about a 25- to 30-minute boat ride. The island has two lighthouses: one guiding ships into Baisha Port and the White Lighthouse on Mount Dongnanjian.

Although Liuqiu Airport once had passenger service with direct flights between Kaohsiung international airport and the island, it is now only used for helicopters.

Education
The island provides primary and junior high education. Its five schools are Liuqiu, Baisha, Quande, and Tiannan Primary Schools and Liuqiu Junior High School. High school and university students attend schools on Taiwan Island.

A 2004 report on the island described its brain drain before the growth of the tourism industry: "'Liuchiu has two problems... All the young people go over there,' he [said] pointing to Kaohsiung on the horizon, 'and all the old people go over there,'... pointing to the south of the island" and its graves.

Notable natives

 * Lee Shu-chuan, Secretary-General of the Kuomintang

title: Liuqiu Island


text: User talk:64.164.39.91

title: User talk:64.164.39.91


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Michael Donahue

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 02:41, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Michael Donahue
Unverifiable. Not notable. Possible vanity. Delete --BM 23:12, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Possible vanity? A legend at 23? Delete. JFW | T@lk  23:31, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, possible vanity. Megan1967 06:46, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. "local guitar legend in Western Massachusetts" - If he's not ven qualified as a legend in a complete state, and not a very large one at that, then this article points to probable vanity. - Sango123 00:21, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Prince Charles (disambiguation)

Moved
This article was formerly at Prince Charles. Because most references to that page seem to be to Charles, Prince of Wales, I have moved the disambig here to Prince Charles (disambiguation) and put in a PTD line for this page on the Prince of Wales page. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 23:11, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Requested move 9 September 2022

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. There is a consensus that it is too soon to determine whether the primary topics for these titles have changed. However, it also bears mention that virtually all of this discussion took place during the first week of Charles' reign as king. As Charles' tenure continues, the "too soon" arguments will gradually decline in relevance; consequently, this topic should likely be revisited in the future, to determine what the consensus is once the dust has settled. (non-admin closure) ModernDayTrilobite (talk • contribs) 20:48, 21 September 2022 (UTC)

– I was first proposed at technical request; the former Prince Charles has ascended as Charles III after the death of his mother when the initial proposal declined. ApprenticeWiki work  03:55, 9 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Prince Charles (disambiguation) → Prince Charles
 * Prince William (disambiguation) → Prince William
 * Charles, Prince of Wales (disambiguation) → Charles, Prince of Wales

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Comment I think this request should be split in two, and should not be combined, otherwise, it will be a complete mess -- 64.229.88.43 (talk) 04:58, 9 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Agreed, this should be a separate request for each proposed change. El Dubs (talk) 10:47, 9 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Support the first 2, no opinion on the third - no reason to make the current or recent UK as the absolute basis here. Animal lover |666| 11:07, 9 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Comment as a nominator, I would have to support the disambiguation pages without any redirects from target pages, since Prince Charles is now Charles III that he's no longer a Prince. See discussion below. ApprenticeWiki  work  05:40, 10 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose. This is jumping the gun. It's far too soon to determine any changes to WP:COMMONNAME and primary topic based on WP:RS. Bermicourt (talk) 14:38, 9 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose the first and third in particular, per Bermicourt, not too sure about the second, either. In renaming debates elsewhere, we're seeing lots of "but King Charles is clearly the primary topic, look at all the pageviews had had before he was even king!"  Which precisely implies they were finding him via "Prince Charles" or similar searches, and frankly even now they're very likely looking for "Prince Charles becomes king" moreso than "King Charles", slightly oxymoronic than it is.  So I think this would be actively unhelpful for readers at present, and it's highly crystal-ballish to anticipate how things might appear in the long run.  (Consider the phrase "the Prince Regent", and who that conjures up, notwithstanding his later status.)  109.255.211.6 (talk) 17:27, 9 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose (STRONGLY) for now (and oppose the 2nd move even stronger). At this point in time, moving the primary topic benefits very very few people — as the vast majority of people will be looking for the king or his son. You're absolutely jumping the gun here. Let's reevaluate later. Paintspot Infez (talk) 19:09, 9 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Comment - the Charles, Prince of Wales redirect, should be deleted, as he's now King Charles III. GoodDay (talk) 03:11, 10 September 2022 (UTC)
 * The redirect should have been requested at redirects for discussion. ApprenticeWiki  work  05:40, 10 September 2022 (UTC)
 * No, the redirect should be kept per WP:R point 4. There are lots of links to Charles, Prince of Wales that need to stay that way to avoid anachronisms. Rosbif73 (talk) 08:15, 10 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Support first, oppose other two Charles is no longer a prince, and in this case a vast wealth of sources unanimously and immediately began to call him "Charles III" or "King Charles" (so waiting an arbitrary amount of time to confirm the common name has shifted is pointless). The disambiguation page still opens with a link to his article, for anyone who navigates there searching for the King. So the concise form of the disambiguation page should be selected. William, on the other hand, is still a prince, and if he was the primary topic for "Prince William" before there's no reason to think he isn't still (in fact, more likely, as he was officially known as the Duke of Cambridge prior to being made Prince of Wales). Charles, Prince of Wales is clearly most likely to be a search for Charles III, so also shouldn't move. U-Mos (talk) 06:03, 10 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose all three: the current king and the current prince of Wales are very clearly the WP:PRIMARYTOPICs and are likely to remain so for a long time. Rosbif73 (talk) 08:18, 10 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Comment you should consider that Prince Charles will be no longer a redirect and thus will be a disambiguation page, with Charles, Prince of Wales (disambiguation) as a disam page to be moved without the "disambiguation" title. ApprenticeWiki  work  14:14, 10 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes, I understand that this would be the case if the move occurs as requested. I maintain that Charles III remains the primary topic for "Prince Charles" and "Charles, Prince of Wales", at least for the time being, and that likewise William, Prince of Wales remains the primary topic for "Prince William". Rosbif73 (talk) 15:14, 11 September 2022 (UTC)
 * I really don't think so, but "Prince Charles" and "Charles, Prince of Wales" will be a disambiguation page for now as they're no longer a primary topic since Charles III proclaimed as king more than 24 hours ago. "Prince William" will still remain as primary topic for William, Prince of Wales. ApprenticeWiki  work  21:55, 11 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Support first and third one as sources are immediately started referring to Charles as King Charles III. I have no opinion on the second one. cookie monster   755  03:27, 11 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose It is too soon for it not to still be the primary topic. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 09:08, 12 September 2022 (UTC)
 * But only Prince William will remain as primary topic targeting link to William, Prince of Wales. Prince Charles is no longer a prince. ApprenticeWiki  work  03:05, 13 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose all per WP:TOOSOON.  Hansen Sebastian Talk 16:31, 12 September 2022 (UTC)
 * No. But "Prince William" will remain as a primary topic for William, Prince of Wales. ApprenticeWiki  work  03:05, 13 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Support first and third (Charles), Oppose second (William) Prince Charles is clearly King Charles now, and virtually everyone knows it - all reliable sources published at this point are calling him King Charles or Charles III, and none are calling him Prince Charles anymore. "Prince Charles" is now a reference to numerous people, so the disambiguation page is the right thing to have as the Prince Charles page.  Prince William is still Prince William - Prince William of Wales became Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and then became Prince William, Duke of Cornwall and Cambridge for a day, and has now become William, Prince of Wales.  In all instances, he is still Prince William and the most commonly known Prince William.  Prince William (disambiguation) → Prince William will be appropriate once he becomes King William V (or whatever regnal name he uses). OCNative (talk) 22:38, 12 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose all. No argument or supporting evidence has been provided for why Prince William is no longer the primary topic, and he is still a prince and will be for the foreseeable future. As for the Charles redirects, while technically incorrect, ordinary people are still adjusting to referring to him as a king and not a prince. This is borne out the the |Charles_III pageviews, which shows that views under the Prince of Wales title hasn't gone below the historical 10k views per day. So at least for now, Charles III is overwhelmingly winning the usage prong of WP:PRIMARYTOPIC, and we should not inconvenience readers by changing these pages. Perhaps later, when people are more familiar with the new name, this can be revisited. Patar knight - chat/contributions 15:13, 13 September 2022 (UTC)
 * I really don't think that ever happen all targets as primary topic, but the arguments that Prince William will still remain as target page to William, Prince of Wales. I have already supported to move the other two without "disambiguation" title. That is going a FUCKING useless to move Prince Charles (disambiguation) to Prince Charles as a disam page. ApprenticeWiki  work  00:14, 14 September 2022 (UTC)
 * I apologize, but I'm not really sure what you're trying to say here, since you seem to be describing the move you're proposing as "useless". In any case, the issue is not whether or not "(disambiguation)" should be in the title, since it's already well established that if there is no primary topic, there is no need to include it per MOS:DABPAGENAME. The issue is that the primary topic for the terms "Prince Charles" and "Charles, Prince of Wales", is likely to still be the current king, based on the likelihood of users finding him through his former titles. Once the dust has settled, it would be possible to reassess this sometime in the future. Patar knight - chat/contributions 05:03, 16 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The primary redirects have not changed. -- Necrothesp (talk) 13:01, 14 September 2022 (UTC)
 * The only changes are redirects "Prince Charles" and "Charles, Prince of Wales" into disambiguation pages, as "Prince William" will remain a redirect to William, Prince of Wales. There is no dispute issue. ApprenticeWiki  work  00:19, 15 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Are you opposing your own proposed move for William? And please stop affirming that things "will" happen when in fact they depend on the outcome of this RM. Rosbif73 (talk) 06:34, 15 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes it does. William will remain a Prince as he's the first n line to the British throne after his father, the sovereign, the king. ApprenticeWiki  work  13:46, 15 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose all based on WP:PRIMARYTOPIC and WP:PRIMARYREDIRECT. Rreagan007 (talk) 19:04, 14 September 2022 (UTC)
 * There is no chance. But #2 will remain as primary redirect to William, Prince of Wales. ApprenticeWiki  work  00:18, 15 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Support 1 and 3, oppose 2. There is no single person called Prince Charles right now, as there is now King Charles. But that is not the case with Prince William. Векочел (talk) 21:22, 14 September 2022 (UTC)
 * There is no single person called Prince Charles right now, as there is now King Charles. Indeed, but as he was Prince Charles for 73 years and is referenced in almost everything referring to him until the last few days as Prince Charles it makes no sense to change the redirect. -- Necrothesp (talk) 09:11, 15 September 2022 (UTC)

Requested move 13 May 2024

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. (non-admin closure) Safari Scribe Edits! Talk! 22:15, 16 May 2024 (UTC)

Prince Charles (disambiguation) → Prince Charles – Charles III has been king for well over a year now, I don't think it's very likely anyone looking for his article is unaware of this. He will be known to history as Charles III. Gazingo (talk) 00:14, 13 May 2024 (UTC)
The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Oppose, Prince Charles is a justified primary redirect. 162 etc. (talk) 00:57, 13 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Support deletion of this re-direct. GoodDay (talk) 01:40, 13 May 2024 (UTC)
 * This isn't a redirect deletion discussion, so unclear if you're making a counter-proposal, or supporting the actual proposal, a page-move. 109.255.211.6 (talk) 03:28, 14 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Oppose, the current king is still the clear primary topic for Prince Charles, a title by which he was known for 74 years. Rosbif73 (talk) 06:33, 13 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The current king is still the clear primary topic. -- Necrothesp (talk) 12:47, 14 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Seems like a clear case per WP:PT1.  Long-term this may not always be the case, but look at The Prince Regent.  109.255.211.6 (talk) 21:57, 14 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Prince Charles (disambiguation)


text:
Thom Bray

Thomas Edward Bray (born April 30, 1954) is an American actor and writer perhaps best known for his role as Murray "Boz" Bozinsky in the detective TV series Riptide. He made his film debut in the slasher film The Prowler (1981) and later appeared in John Carpenter's Prince of Darkness (1987), and The Horror Show (1989). His work has been primarily in television, and his most recent credit was in 2012 on an episode of the TNT series Leverage.

Bray was a drama teacher and also taught television studies.

Life and career
Bray was born and raised in Lawrenceville, New Jersey. His first television role was in the short-lived TV series Breaking Away as Cyril. Later on in the 1980s, he starred in the TV series Harry with Alan Arkin. In 1990, he did the voice of Wilbur Finletter in the cartoon series Attack of the Killer Tomatoes: The Animated Series and voices in other animated works.

His first feature film was in 1981's The Prowler. He appeared in other films: the comedy Burglar, director John Carpenter's Prince of Darkness, DeepStar Six, and The Horror Show. He appeared in the TV movie Lady Mobster.

He became a writer and producer for television, including Designing Women, Now and Again, Fired Up, and Nash Bridges.

He was a drama teacher at Rachel Carson Middle School and taught television studies at Portland State University. He is the father to three children.

Bray retired from his teaching career in 2019 after 13 years.

title: Thom Bray


text:
Hajipir

Hajipir is located in Kutch district, Gujarat, India. The Dargah located there is dedicated to a Muslim saint Hajipir. It is believed that he came to the place as a soldier in the army of Shahabuddin Muhammad Ghauri. He settled at Nara after he left the service. He died while saving cows from decoits. He had performed the Hajj so he was known as Haji Pir. He is also known as Zinda Pir or Vali Pir.

An annual fair is organized on the first Monday of Chaitra month (April). People from all over Gujarat visit the shrine and also visit Karol Pir Dargah nearby.

title: Hajipir


text: Category:Military engineers

title: Category:Military engineers


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wake Up, San Francisco

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was redirect to Full House. – ABCD 22:58, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Wake Up, San Francisco
A fictional show within a show. Sub-stub. Not encyclopedic. Delete --BM 23:15, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I've redirected it to Full House. Mgm|(talk) 08:14, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Guishan Island (Yilan)

Guishan Island / Gueishan Island or Steep Island or Turtle Island, also known as Kweishan Island or Kueishan Island, is an island in the Pacific Ocean, part of Toucheng Township, Yilan County, Taiwan and located 9.1 km east of port of Kengfang Fishery Harbor. The island's name is derived from the resemblance of the topography of the island to that of a turtle. The island is a dormant volcano that last erupted in 1785.

There is a smaller island south of Gueishan Island called Gueiluan Island.

History
The local population, consisting mainly of fishermen, was relocated in 1977 due to the hardships associated with living on the island. Between 1977 and 2000 it became the site of a military base, and currently it is managed as a tourist destination and natural conservation area. There are restrictions for visitors due to environmental protection. In 2000, the island was officially opened to tourists as a maritime ecological park. On 13 May 2016, President Ma Ying-jeou visited the island.

In December 2016 until February 2017, the island was closed for environmental protection reasons.

On 3 April 2024, a large portion of the island collapsed into the ocean following the 2024 Taiwan earthquake.

Geology
The island is the top of an andesite stratovolcano which rises from the seafloor. It is the only active volcano in Taiwan, displaying active fumaroles and solfataras. It has an area of 2.841 km2, and the highest point reaches 361 m above sea level.

Ecology
Endemic species of crab, Xenograpsus testudinatus feeds on sulfur and lives around underwater hot springs of the island. Surrounding waters support rich ecosystem that attracts the top predators of ocean; cetaceans. This allows whale watching as one of major attractions in local tourism, targeting mostly smaller toothed whales such as pygmy sperm whales, false killer whales, and dolphins while larger whales such as sperm whales and humpback may be observed less frequently.

Head Turning of the Turtle Mountain
From different views at different locations of Yilan County, the shape of Gueishan Island is quite different. Also the shape of the turtle's head is different; from Northeast Coastal Areas of Toucheng Township such as Shihcheng and Dasi, the shape is close to the head of a turtle, while from Luodong and Wujie Townships, the shape is triangular. The reason for this is the curvy shape of the seashore of Yilan, circling the very island. There is hence the term "Head Turning of the Turtle Mountain" (龜山轉頭).

Visiting the island
Before going to the island, visitor numbers have to be reviewed to see which day is available for registration.

The application must be completed and shipping agreed with local ferry owners at least one week prior to the visiting date, there is also another application form for going to the highest point of the island, which is often restricted.

title: Guishan Island (Yilan)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Alice Regina Pike

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was copyvio. – ABCD 22:58, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Alice Regina Pike
An interesting story, but unencyclopedic. Wikipedia is not Fark. Alba 23:17, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Borderline in my opinion. If it does stay, it needs to be cleaned up, but that's listed there already by me.  Ravenhull 18:21 (CST), 6 Apr 2005
 * Hard to verify. If bogus, then urban legend. Delete anyway. JFW | T@lk  23:29, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - no google or yahoo search hits, probable hoax --AYArktos 00:18, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I think it should be redone completely but ultimately kept. The grammar and presentation is awful but the person and the story is worth mentioning
 * No vote, but it's certainly not urban legend (many Google hits). This article is a copyvio, though, from .  Joyous 01:46, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Daniel Silvan Evans

Daniel Silvan Evans (11 January 1818 – 12 April 1903) was a Welsh clergyman, scholar and lexicographer. Educated at the Independent College in Brecon, Silvan Evans worked as a schoolmaster for five years. On marriage he conformed to the Established Church, studying at St David's College, Lampeter, where he became lecturer in Welsh. Ordained deacon in 1848 and priest the following year he served curacies at Llandegwning parish in Llŷn and from 1852 to 1862 at nearby Llangian, Caernarfonshire. In 1862 he was appointed to the living of Llanymawddwy, Merioneth.

During these years Silvan Evans published Blodeu Ieuainc (1843), Telynegion (1846), edited Elfennau Gallofyddiaeth (1850), Elfennau Seryddiaith (1851). In 1853 he published Ellis Wynne's Gweledigaethau y Bardd Cwsg. He also edited Y Brython from 1858 to 1860 and published articles in Y Gwyddoniadur. 1856 saw the publication of Llythyraeth yr Iaith Gymraeg.

From Llanymawddwy Evans published Gwaith Walter Evans ("The Work of Walter Evans", i.e. Gwallter Mechain), edited Y Marchog Crwydrad: Hen Ffuglith Gymreig. In 1868 his translation of William Forbes Skene's The Four Ancient Books of Wales appeared. He edited "Gwilym Lleyn" in the Cambrian Bibliography in 1868 and published three articles in Revue Celtique in 1870 and 1875. In 1870 Silvan Evans translated a Breton liturgical text, Liherieu hag Avielei. He edited Archaeologia Cambrensis from 1871 to 1875.

In 1876 Silvan Evans was collated to the living of Llanwrin, Montgomeryshire. He assisted Thomas Stephens with his monumental composition Literature of the Kymry, co-edited a new edition of Llyfr Gweddi Cyffredin (the Book of Common Prayer in Welsh), and in 1878 edited Lewis Morris's Celtic Remains. Through his son-in-law, Benjamin Williams, Vicar of Llanover, Monmouthshire, he was associated with Lady Llanover's attempt to rekindle Welshness on her model estate. These years were saddened by the loss of six of his seven children, and by his wife's fatal accident in 1889.

From 1878 to 1884 Evans held a post as part-time Professor of Welsh at University College, Aberystwyth. Honours accrued, e.g. a D.Litt. from the University of Wales, collation as Prebendary of Llanfair (1891) and subsequently (1889) as Chancellor of Bangor Cathedral. Evans is best known for his work on the Welsh language, including his concise English–Welsh dictionary (1858) and the extensive Dictionary (Geiriadur Cymraeg) which he began publishing in 1887 and on which he continued to work until his death, at which time he was working on the letter E. His son, John Henry Silvan Evans, joined him in his labours.

According to Thomas Parry (History of Welsh Literature to 1900), Silvan Evans coined the word "telyneg" to render the English "lyric", hence the title of an early work, Telynegion (1846), which apparently contained translations from Anacreon, Sappho, Ovid, French sonnets, and the work of English poets, especially Lord Byron. Parry judges Silvan Evans to have been overmuch influenced by William Owen Pughe's Dictionary in his use of vocabulary. However, R. E. Hughes in the Dictionary of Welsh Biography (1959) claims that Evans "gradually became emancipated" from Pughe's work.

title: Daniel Silvan Evans


text:
Musa

Musa may refer to:

Places

 * Mūša, a river in Lithuania and Latvia
 * Musa, Azerbaijan, a village in Yardymli Rayon
 * Musa, Iran, a village in Ilam province, Iran
 * Musa, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran
 * Musa Kalayeh, Gilan province, Iran
 * Abu Musa, an island in the Persian Gulf, Hormozgan province, Iran
 * Musa, Kerman, Kerman province, Iran
 * Musa, Bukan, West Azerbaijan province, Iran
 * Musa, Maku, West Azerbaijan province, Iran
 * Musa, Pakistan, a village in Chhachh, Attock, Punjab, Pakistan
 * Musa (crater), an impact crater on Saturn's moon Enceladus
 * Musa (Tanzanian ward), a ward in Tanzania
 * Musa (Pori), a district of Pori, Finland
 * Musa Dagh a mountain peak in Turkey
 * Jebel Musa (Morocco), a mountain known as one of the pillars of Hercules
 * Jabal Musa, or Mount Sinai, a mountain in the Sinai Desert believed to be a possible location of the Biblical Mount Sinai
 * Muza Emporion, an ancient port city near present day Mocha, Yemen

People

 * Musa (name), including a list of people with the surname and given name
 * Moses in Islam
 * Mansa Musa, hereditary ruler of the Mali Empire 1312–1337
 * Musa of Parthia, queen of the Parthian Empire 2 BC to 4 AD
 * Musa Sor, a Yazidi saint

Fictional characters

 * Musa, in the story "The City of Brass" in The Book of One Thousand and One Nights
 * Musa, one of the main characters in Winx Club
 * Musa, subject of the 2015 short story of that name by Kamel Daoud

Acronyms

 * Massey University Students' Associations Federation, several student organizations in New Zealand
 * Musicians Union of South Africa, trade union
 * Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia Musical Instruments Museum, museum in Rome, Italy
 * Made in USA, registered label by the Federal Trade Commission
 * Multiple Unit Steerable Array, a type of antenna giving Musa connector its name
 * Music of the United States of America (publications), series of critical editions of music
 * MuSa, Musan Salama, a Finnish football club
 * Museo Subacuático de Art, in English, Cancún Underwater Museum

Other uses

 * Müsa, an Italian bagpipe
 * MUSA's, an Argentinian band
 * Musa (album), a 2012 album by Ivy Queen
 * Musa (film), a 2001 South Korean epic film
 * Musa (genus), one of three genera in the family Musaceae that includes bananas and plantains
 * Musa (horse), Thoroughbred mare and winner of 1899 Oaks Stakes.
 * Musa connector, a type of coaxial connector used in the telecommunications and video industries
 * Lancia Musa, an Italian car by Lancia
 * 600 Musa, an asteroid

title: Musa


text:
Scott Road station

Scott Road is an elevated station on the Expo Line of Metro Vancouver's SkyTrain rapid transit system. The station is located near the south end of the Pattullo Bridge in the South Westminster neighbourhood of Surrey, British Columbia, Canada. It also serves the Bridgeview neighbourhood of Whalley, and the interchange between King George Boulevard and Scott Road is located to the north of the station. The station opened on March 16, 1990, and was renovated from 2013 to 2014.

History
Scott Road station opened on March 16, 1990 as part of the first extension of the original SkyTrain system (now known as the Expo Line). This extension included two stations—Scott Road and Columbia in neighbouring New Westminster—as well as the SkyBridge over the Fraser River. Scott Road station served as the eastern terminus of the Expo Line until a three-station extension to Surrey City Centre was completed in 1994.

Scott Road station underwent several upgrades beginning in early 2013, improvements included a new elevator and better accessibly, as well as a new bus loop with an upgraded parking lot. These improvements were made in part of the larger Expo Line Upgrade project. Construction was completed in 2014.

Services
Scott Road station is located in an industrial district, but it is an important transfer point for TransLink passengers. Unlike most stations, which rely on passengers arriving by foot or by bus, this station is also adjacent to the largest park and ride lot operated by TransLink, with 1,471 spaces and a daily charge of CA$3.00.

Entrances
Scott Road station is served by five entrances. Two entrances are located on the east side of Scott Road and provide access to Lot A of the Park and Ride. The remaining three entrances are located on the west side of Scott Road providing access to bus exchange and to Lot B of the Park and Ride.

Transit connections
Scott Road station is a major connection point for TransLink bus routes that service Surrey, North Delta, and Ladner.

, the following routes serve Scott Road station:

title: Scott Road station


text:
User:Badgerman

This guy's a complete "genius" that's all I have to tell you.

title: User:Badgerman


text:
Jack Ging

Jack Lee Ging (November 30, 1931 – September 9, 2022) was an American actor. He was best known as General Harlan "Bull" Fulbright on NBC's television adventure series The A-Team, and for his supporting role in the final season of Tales of Wells Fargo starring Dale Robertson.

Early life
Born on November 30, 1931, in Alva, Oklahoma, Ging was the son of a couple who farmed on the outskirts of Alva, Oklahoma. Both sets of his grandparents were participants in the Cherokee Strip Land Run of 1893. When he was young, his parents divorced, and his mother began working as a "Harvey Girl". Although his mother had custody of him, her irregular hours as a waitress led to his living with relatives. Eventually, he settled with a family named Domenici while he attended a Catholic school. Later, he attended St. Michael's boarding school in Santa Fe, New Mexico. He left there when his mother became ill, resulting in their return to Oklahoma, where she lived with his grandmother while he lived with an aunt and uncle.

Before turning to acting, Ging served in the U.S. Marine Corps for four years and was honorably discharged. During the 1950s, he played college football at the University of Oklahoma, Norman. He scored five touchdowns during his time at Oklahoma and played in the 1954 Orange Bowl game.

Career
Ging starred in the war film Sniper's Ridge (1961) and played Will Coleman in Where the Red Fern Grows (1974). Other film credits include Hang 'Em High (1968), Play Misty for Me (1971), and High Plains Drifter (1973), all opposite Clint Eastwood. He also appeared in the horror films Die Sister, Die! (1972) and Sssssss (1973), as well as the action film That Man Bolt (1973). He appeared in TV movies such as Terror in the Sky (1971) and The Disappearance of Flight 412 (1974).

Ging portrayed Dan Wright in NBC's The Man and the Challenge (1959–1960). He also starred in "Dead Men don't pay no debts", an episode of Bat Masterson, playing a small-town sheriff in love with a girl whose name is the same as the man he's sworn to kill. He portrayed a raider in eight episodes of the 1958–1959 syndicated western series Mackenzie's Raiders. Thereafter, he appeared as Beau McCloud in thirteen episodes in the last season of the ABC western series Tales of Wells Fargo.

In 1960, Ging appeared in one episode of The Twilight Zone, "The Whole Truth". He made three guest appearances on Perry Mason, including, in 1962, playing Danny Pierce in "The Case of the Lonely Eloper". From 1962 to 1964, he played a young psychiatrist in NBC's 62-episode medical drama The Eleventh Hour. In 1966 he played "Simon Dobbs", a blind ex-lawman trying to cope with his new affliction, on the episode "Stage Stop" (S12E10) on the TV Western Gunsmoke.

Ging had a recurring role as Lieutenant Dan Ives, one of many of Joe Mannix's Los Angeles Police Department contacts on Mannix from 1967 to 1975. Ging's other roles were on The Roaring 20s, The Six Million Dollar Man, The Bionic Woman, Wiseguy, B. J. and the Bear, The Winds of War, and War and Remembrance. In 1981, Ging played Tracy Winslow in the episode "My Heroes Have Always Been Cowboys" of ABC's The Greatest American Hero. From 1984 to 1985, Ging played the arrogant Lieutenant Ted Quinlan on the adventure/detective series Riptide; his character was killed off and he went on to appear on The A-Team, on which he made two guest appearances as villains. His roles as a regular on TV programs included that of Chuck Morris on the short-lived CBS crime drama Dear Detective and Admiral Conte on the NBC adventure series The Highwayman.

Athletic accomplishments
In addition to his achievements in football during his college years, Ging played for one season with the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League after he graduated. He also was a "Crosby golf tournament winner, [and a] Clint Eastwood Celebrity Tennis tournament champion."

Personal life
Jack and Katie Ging married "right out of high school". After they divorced, he wed Gretchen Graening on April 19, 1956. They had one son and divorced in September 1973. On September 23, 1978, Ging married Sharon Ramona Thompson in Los Angeles. They had two daughters.

Ging died of natural causes at his home in La Quinta, California, on September 9, 2022, at the age of 90.

title: Jack Ging


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chauncey L. Covington

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 02:40, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Chauncey L. Covington
7 Google hits including forum posts he apparently wrote himself. Non-notable. Not a signed musician/producer. Possible hoax or vanity. --BM 23:22, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Hopeless vanity. Delete. JFW | T@lk  23:31, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The published essays alluded to are on his blog. They're eloquently written, if nothing else. Miles (Talk) 23:42, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * "Wikipedia.org kicks ass. I mean it. I have been using Wikipedia for the last two years now and I have yet to get bored with its' capabilities. ...  Wikipedia is the god of all internet encyclopedia's... Cheers to Wikipedia.org!" — Chauncy  Miles (Talk) 17:59, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --AYArktos 01:03, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * note also his changes to Dichotomy where he refers to himself as a foremost thinker, several other changes made from this IP have been reverted

 * Delete - vanity--Clngre 01:38, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete In a brainslug voice: "I concur!" Looks like a Discordian prank. 195.148.74.159 06:39, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 06:48, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable Dsmdgold 22:53, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as vanity. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 21:28, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Wikipedia isn't a soapbox or an advertising space. Mgm|(talk) 22:49, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. See also Wikipedian Elitism.  RickK 23:15, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. --Wgfinley 19:52, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete (although I like the drawing). Rhobite 05:19, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Chelsea Embankment

Chelsea Embankment is part of the Thames Embankment, a road and walkway along the north bank of the River Thames in central London, England.

The western end of Chelsea Embankment, including a stretch of Cheyne Walk, is in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea; the eastern end, including Grosvenor Road and Millbank, is in the City of Westminster. Beneath the road lies the main low-level interceptor sewer taking waste water from west London eastwards towards Beckton.

Chelsea Bridge and Albert Bridge are to the south. Royal Hospital Chelsea is to the north. Sloane Square is the closest tube station, located to the north.

History
The embankment was completed to a design by Joseph Bazalgette and was part of the Metropolitan Board of Works' grand scheme to provide London with a modern sewage system. It was opened on 9 May 1874 by Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh.

Notable buildings

 * Garden Corner, 13 Chelsea Embankment - Grade II* listed
 * Swan House, 17 Chelsea Embankment - Grade II* listed

Local streets

 * Chelsea Bridge Road
 * Royal Hospital Road
 * West Road
 * Tite Street

title: Chelsea Embankment


text:
Jueteng

Jueteng is a numbers game played in the Philippines. First reported in the late 1800s while the Philippines was under Spanish rule, it was made illegal in 1907 after the United States occupied the Philippines. Despite this, and successive subsequent crackdowns, the game remains popular throughout Luzon, while similar games exist in the rest of the Philippines.

The game is popular among many Filipinos, especially in poorer communities. Due to a low buy-in and the prospect of a relatively lucrative payout, it is appealing and often considered harmless fun. Individuals who collect bets, known as kubrador, are often considered trusted members of local communities. Different jueteng "lords" run their own competing games.

Enforcement of the game's illegality is often lax. Corruption is common, with police and government officials often being accused of running or benefiting from jueteng operations. One president of the Philippines, Joseph Estrada, was impeached, removed from office, and found guilty of plunder, in part due to accepting bribes from jueteng lords. The Philippine government operates the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO) Small Town Lottery (STL) as a legal alternative to jueteng. However, corruption has led the PCSO to be accused of being a simple front for illegal jueteng operations.

Jueteng is very important to the Filipino informal economy. Jueteng operators and their staff were estimated to number 400,000 in 2009, and many rely on jueteng work for their livelihoods. Congress estimated the annual gross revenue of jueteng operators to be around US$1 billion in 2000. By 2019, this estimate had risen to US$1.4 billion.

History
Under Spanish rule, a lottery was run in Manila, although it is unclear whether it was approved via Madrid or developed locally. It is unclear when exactly the practice of jueteng began in the Philippines, but it was mentioned in the Penal Code of 1887, which means it came to the Philippines around the 1800s. The use of Spanish-derived terms in the game suggest it developed under Spanish rule. By 1893, jueteng tickets were openly sold on inter-island ships. José Rizal is perhaps the most well-known early fan of jueteng: he won 6200 PHP while in exile in Dapitan, Zamboanga del Norte, which he used in part to buy a farm which is now a historical site.

The etymology of the word ultimately derives from Hokkien Chinese, specifically the Quanzhou Hokkien dialect of which modern Philippine Hokkien is descended from. The game is sometimes referred to as "Chinese jueteng", when it was introduced during the Spanish colonial times. In the 20th century games were often run by Chinese immigrants, although by the end of the century locals had taken over. It is thought that the term could originate from two Chinese characters, although opinions differ on which they were. When Chinese Filipino publications such as the World News refer to the game, they use the term, "花档", which means "flower shop" in standard Chinese (Mandarin). Although in 1977, a paper by Gloria Chan-Yap was made pointing to Hokkien Chinese as the source of the word, where the author pointed to the terms, "(hue 花 'flower', tn 檔 'space')", though by 1980, the same author would release another paper revising her findings with a different chinese character, now recording "(huê 花 'flower', tŋ̣̆ 擋 'space')". According to (Wang, 1982), "擋" used to be written as "當", and another author, E. Arsenio Manuel, from 1948 did also propose the etymology of the word from Hokkien Chinese as "[hoe(flower)-tng(pawn,bet),", where the likely chinese characters being referred to would be Hokkien. Indeed as per Carstairs Douglas (1873), it can be found that in the Chinchew or Quanzhou dialect of Hokkien means "to gamble in or buy into a game of jueteng". Furthermore, it is revealed that in other dialects of Hokkien Chinese, such as the Amoy or Xiamen dialect, it is known more as Hokkien and in the Changchew or Zhangzhou dialect of Hokkien, from which hence the term "wahoy" or "wahuy", another variant of jueteng, comes from. Douglas (1873) explains that there are 2 kinds of the gambling game, one played using an octangular teetotum with 5 to 8 characters (either chinese character or drawings of old historical or legendary figures in Chinese history), while another has 37 characters (either chinese character or drawings of old historical or legendary figures in Chinese history) on cards and is played by shaking dice without a teetotum. The latter game is where jueteng in the Philippines comes from as 37 is the traditional number of lottery balls or raffle tickets used to draw out a winning number, but now played with balls or raffle tickets in a tambiolo container that is spun or a bottle-shaped receptacle or small-necked phial receptacle that is shaken, instead of using dice and cards. The practice of using a tambiolo was introduced from Spanish, which calls it as "tómbola", but the Spanish word and the practice itself in Spain traces back to Southern Italy, which in Italian is called "tombola". The carnival game of tómbola in Spain also refers to the revolving container drum and the place where it is played. Tambiolo, as a word, is basically "tómbola" + the Italian "-olo" diminutuve suffix.

Owing to its history in mainland China, specifically Coastal China, it was more popularly and historically known in, read in Amoy Hokkien and in Mandarin  and in Cantonese. The gambling numbers game started out around the time of the early Ming Dynasty period and grew in popularity during the late Qing dynasty period and spread from Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Tianjin, Beijing, and spread further across Inland China and abroad, such as in Taiwan and the Philippines. It was banned last in China in 1949, but the practice continued in secret under the informal economy and the authorities of British Hong Kong would crack down on the practice in 1975 by setting up government-run lotteries to regulate and compete against illegal private lotteries and allocate the proceeds for charity. In early 1985, mainland China authorities in Guangdong province also began to issue lottery tickets across the province, setting a precedent for the first government-run lottery since the founding of the PRC and regulating illegal informal private lottery activities.

When the Philippines became an American colony, the government cracked down on jueteng. In 1907, it was specifically made illegal by the colonial-era Philippine Legislature through Act No. 1757. Since independence, various administrations have continued to try different tactics to end the practice, without success. Jueteng existed even during the martial law era, although not as openly. With the restoration of democracy, jueteng networks quickly expanded and became key sources of political information and support, up to the Presidential level. Finances from these networks served as an alternative source of power to state institutions thought still favorable to the martial law era, substituting for expenses that before martial law would have come through party finances. This link to power allowed local networks to consolidate into provincial and regional networks.

Gameplay
Jueteng is a numbers game. Before the game, jueteng solicitors, colloquially known as kubrador (cobrador), collect bets house to house. They are supervised by higher level operators known as kabo (cabo), who are responsible for managing operations within a certain community. At the top are the bankero (banqueros), also known as kapitalista (capitalistas)  or "jueteng lords".

Some kubrador may also erect stalls or kiosks on the street to attract bettors. The bettor picks two numbers from one to thirty-seven (in some versions, thirty-eight). Depending on the kubrador, the game either occurs right then and there, or, more commonly, the kubrador will return later with any winnings.

Bets can be as low as 0.25 PHP, and it is usual for three games to take place each day. A bet of only 1 PHP can win between 400 PHP and 1000 PHP, with payout often depending on the number of entries. A tambiolo (lottery drum) is often used in conjunction with thirty-seven bolas (balls) to mix up the numbers. Despite this, cheating by the operators of the game is still possible. Each of the numbers has a specific association within jueteng mythology. Various superstitions exist as to which numbers should be chosen, and some kubrador even encourage such beliefs by offering to tell someone their lucky numbers based on their dreams; when a kubrador interprets signs for a bettor, this is called degla.

Government responses
Jueteng is officially illegal in the Philippines, though enforcement of the law is lax. The decentralized nature of the game, and the multitude of operators, make it hard to eliminate. In some areas the game is run by government officials. The penalties for playing jueteng are officially laid out in Republic Act 9287 (based on Presidential Decree 1602); for a simple bettor, the penalty is only thirty to ninety days in jail. Some, such as Justice Marvic Leonen, have questioned the wisdom of going after jueteng bettors when other types of gambling, such as Philippine Offshore Gaming Operators, are allowed to freely proliferate. This selectivity has also been criticized as it targets the activities of the poor and not that of the rich. President Fidel V. Ramos suggested it should be legalized. Bills to this effect have even been introduced into the Congress of the Philippines.

Tackling jueteng was not seen as a priority by President Benigno Aquino III. However, he appointed Jesse Robredo, who worked to eliminate jueteng in the City of Naga while he was its mayor, as Secretary of the Interior and Local Government. In 2012 the Pangasinan police chief was fired by the national government for failing to stop gambling, after the Pangasinan Governor was accused of benefiting from jueteng. Six other police chiefs were also fired under similar circumstances. Following Robredo's death in a plane crash, jueteng reportedly expanded.

President Rodrigo Duterte suggested the game should be legalized in 2016. Duterte has however taking action against illegal gambling operations, which he accuses of being run under the facade of legitimate government operations. In 2018 Duterte suggested leaving jueteng out of his crackdown on illegal gambling, although this was quickly retracted. In mid-2019 he again announced an easing of a crackdown against the game, citing its role in providing income, and fears those who lose that income would turn to activities such as the drug trade. Around the same time, police chiefs were declared responsible if jueteng operations continued to occur under their areas of jurisdiction.

Sanctioned jueteng
Although much has been tried to eradicate this form of unregulated gambling by the government, all such efforts have failed due to the game's widespread popularity. In 1987 under the Presidency of Corazon Aquino, the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO) first sanctioned and began operating a similar game, called the "Small Town Lottery" (STL). This was meant to compete with illegal operations, and direct revenue from the games to the government. They increased the number that bettors have to choose from 37 to 40. This choice was made to seemingly detach STL's identity from that of jueteng and decrease the odds of winning. STL was suspended in 1990, following which an investigation by the House of Representatives found that STL franchises were given to known jueteng operators. However, the game was revived in 2005, under the Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, following which it was asserted that jueteng operations increased. It was suspended by President Duterte for a month in 2019, with Duterte asserting "massive corruption" within the PCSO board. The Philippine National Police reported a rise in jueteng operations during this time. Individuals who relied on the STL for income stated they would be forced to return to jueteng if the STL remained closed.

It has been asserted that illegal jueteng games were also run through branches and staff of the PCSO. The Commission on Audit estimates that corrupt PCSO STL practices cost the government a combined 14.9 billion PHP in missing receipts in 2017 and 2018. The Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines has come out against the STL.

STL, along with other PCSO lottery games, was suspended in Luzon during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Politicians and unsanctioned jueteng
One study estimated that a third of all money collected goes to the operators, with another third going to bribes for police and politicians. The Catholic Church in the Philippines has admitted to receiving proceeds from gambling. One of the suggested reasons for legalization was to eliminate repeated corruption scandals emphasizing the apparent inability of the ban to be enforced, and the significant drain on police resources created by the need for enforcement. It has been compared to the tribulations in the United States regarding their prohibition of alcohol.

The Corazon Aquino administration was closely tied to jueteng networks, with her antigambling enforcer later confessing to collecting finances from jueteng operators.

Former Puerto Princesa Mayor Edward Hagedorn has admitted to being a former jueteng operator, and used connections and funds developed from the industry to win the mayoral election in 1992. He claimed to have halted operations upon becoming mayor, while hiring former jueteng workers through the city government.

In an impeachment trial running from December 2000 to January 2001, President Joseph Estrada was charged with "bribery", "graft and corruption", "betrayal of public trust", and "culpable violation of the Constitution". The accusations against him included accepting over 10 million PHP in the three years from 1998 to 2000 from jueteng lords. After the trial collapsed following his impeachment, protests broke out and he was ousted from power after the army withdrew support for him in 2001. He was succeeded by his vice-president, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, who had previously resigned from his cabinet in protest. He was later taken to trial and charged with four counts of corruption. On September 12, 2007, he was found guilty of plunder on two counts, including receiving payoffs from illegal gambling.

President Arroyo had close ties with a jueteng family from Pampanga. She became enmeshed in her own political scandal in June 2005, after allegations emerged that some of her relatives, including her husband, son, and brother-in-law, were involved in jueteng operations. This was viewed by some as an exacerbating overall corruption within the country. Arroyo announced her husband would leave the country in an effort to reduce pressure on her to resign. Arroyo faced multiple impeachment attempts on similar grounds to Estrada. Six weeks after Estrada was convicted, Arroyo pardoned him. Hagedorn briefly served under Arroyo as an anti-gambling czar.

Participation
A 2005 Social Weather Stations survey found that over half of all adult Filipinos had engaged in some form of gambling over the previous year. Jueteng was the second most popular form of gambling overall, being second for women and fourth for men. The survey estimated this meant 6.9 million had played Jueteng, including 3.7 million (15% of) men and 3.2 million (13% of) women. Despite its popularity, most people reported it as extensively damaging public morality, with a majority feeling this even among non-jueteng playing gamblers. There was also an absolute majority against legalization.

The low cost of a ticket leads many to consider the gambling relatively harmless, with no-one clearly suffering due to the practice. It is even often seen as a community activity. Due to the illegality of the game and the subsequent opaqueness and lack of a formal structure, a high degree of trust by the bettor in their kubrador is required. This trust is in part due to their being members of the community. Some inherit the job directly from their parents, while others are chosen due to already being a trusted member of the community. Such trust can lead to kubradors being relied on for other tasks, such as collecting donations for sick individuals. Trust is also required in the people running the particular jueteng game, lest bettors switch to another jueteng lord. If such a switch occurs, the new lords often hire the existing kubradors due to their existing integration into the communities.

As there is no limit on how few or many bets can be taken in one game, and the odds of winning are more achievable than a traditional lottery but still long enough that a significant amount can be won, the game is very appealing to Filipinos living in poverty. While the payouts are not high, they can be extremely significant for those living in poverty.

Jueteng is very important to the Filipino informal economy; Congress estimated the annual gross revenue of jueteng operators to be around US$1 billion in 2000. The estimated value of 38 billion PHP in 2010 exceeded the 30 billion PHP brought in by the government-run Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation.

By 2019, this estimate had risen to US$1.4 billion, with operations earning up to 200 million PHP of revenue daily in Luzon. Jueteng operators and their staff were estimated to number 400,000 in 2009. At one point, it was estimated that 20,000 people in San Fernando, Pampanga, alone derived their primary income from the game. Through commissions, a kubrador may earn up to 200 PHP daily. Some even take 10% of winnings.

Jueteng has spread to Filipino communities in Italy.

Similar games
While Jueteng is mostly popular in Luzon, a related numbers game, played predominately in Visayas and Mindanao, is known as masiao. Masiao originally was played based on radio broadcasts announcing the winning players in jai alai. However, as jai alai's popularity has waned, illegal masiao operators now often base their winning numbers on the official ones announced by the PCSO. Other similar games played in Mindanao are "last-two" and "suer-tres". Following a drop on jueteng participation in Pangasinan during 2010, gambling operators shifted to jai alai.

In popular culture
The 2006 film Kubrador by Jeffrey Jeturian centers on an aging bet collector (played by Gina Pareño) who finds her mundane existence suddenly transformed by an unforeseen series of events as she seeks players for the illegal game of jueteng she helps operate. This was based on a real-life kubrador, and female informal settler who moved to the capital and spent 30 years in the industry. This individual provided information to the film's production team, however she did not attend the film's premier for fear of being arrested.

The Tagalog term anak ng jueteng, meaning "son of a gambler", is similar to the English slang "son of a gun".

title: Jueteng


text:
Prime Minister of Senegal

The Prime Minister of Senegal (Premier ministre du Sénégal) is the head of government of Senegal. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Senegal, who is directly elected for a five-year term. The Prime Minister, in turn, appoints the Cabinet of Senegal, after consultation with the President.

The following is a list of prime ministers of Senegal, since the country gained independence from France in 1960.

Future of the office
On 6 April 2019, after being reappointed by President Macky Sall, Prime Minister Mohammed Dionne announced that President Sall had tasked him with enacting various government reforms, including the elimination of the job of Prime Minister. Sall's goal was to remove the "intermediary level" of Prime Minister to allow the President to take a more hands-on approach to governing.

In November 2021, Macky Sall announced the return of the post of prime minister suppressed since 2019.

List of officeholders
{{legend||Socialist Party of Senegal (PSS)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||Alliance of the Forces of Progress (AFP)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||Alliance for the Republic (APR)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||African Patriots of Senegal for Work, Ethics and Fraternity (PASTEF)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
 * Political parties

{{legend||Independent|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
 * Other factions

title: Prime Minister of Senegal


text:
Brenda Song

Brenda Song  (born March 27, 1988) is an American actress. Born in California, Song began her career at the age of six, working as a child model. She made her screen debut with a guest appearance on the sitcom Thunder Alley (1995), and went on to roles such as the children's television series Fudge (1995) and the Nickelodeon series 100 Deeds for Eddie McDowd (1999). She starred in the Disney Channel original film The Ultimate Christmas Present (2000), which won her a Young Artist Award. She subsequently signed a contract with Disney Channel and earned widespread recognition for playing the titular character in the action film Wendy Wu: Homecoming Warrior (2006), and London Tipton in the comedy franchise The Suite Life (2005–2011), earning her acclaim and two Young Hollywood Awards. She additionally played the character of Tia on Phil of the Future (2004–2005), and had starring roles in the television film Get a Clue (2002), the sports comedy film Like Mike (2002) and the comedy film Stuck in the Suburbs (2004).

Song made her transition into mainstream roles with the critically acclaimed biographical drama film The Social Network (2010) and went on to roles in the ABC political thriller Scandal (2012–2013), the Fox sitcom New Girl and the sitcom Dads (2013). In October 2014, she signed a talent holding deal with Fox and 20th Century Fox Television and was subsequently cast in several television pilots for NBC and CBS, including the medical drama series Pure Genius (2016–2017) and the action drama series Station 19 (2018–2020). She provided the voice of Anne Boonchuy in the Disney Channel animated series Amphibia (2019–2022), starred as Madison Maxwell in the Hulu comedy-drama series Dollface (2019–2022), and provides the voice of Princess Akemi in Blue Eye Samurai (2023–present). She has also headlined the romantic comedy film Angry Angel (2017), the psychological thriller film Secret Obsession (2019), the comedy-drama film Changeland (2019), and the romantic comedy Love Accidentally (2022). She also starred in the horror video game The Quarry (2022).

Early life
Brenda Song was born on March 27, 1988, in Carmichael, California, a suburb of Sacramento, to a Thai father from Bangkok and Thai Hmong mother from Chiang Mai. Her paternal grandparents were from the Xiong clan (熊; Xyooj in Hmong), but changed their last name to Song after arriving in the United States. Her parents were born in Thailand and met as adults in Sacramento. Her father works as a school teacher and her mother, a homemaker. She has two younger brothers named Timmy and Nathan Song.

When she was six years old, Song moved with her mother to Los Angeles, California to support her acting career; the rest of the family followed two years later. As a young girl, Song wanted to do ballet, while her younger brother wanted to take taekwondo. She said, "My mom only wanted to take us to one place," so they settled on taekwondo. Although Song cried all the way through her first class, she now holds a black belt in taekwondo. Song was named an All-American Scholar in the ninth grade. She was homeschooled and earned a high school diploma at age 16, then took courses at a community college. She graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 2009, majoring in psychology and minoring in business.

1990s: Early roles
Song began in show business as a child fashion model in San Francisco after being spotted in a shopping mall by an agent from a modeling school. She began acting at the age of five or six in a Little Caesars commercial, and then a Barbie commercial. Her first film role was in the 1995 Requiem, an AFI student short film by actress Elizabeth Sung. "She came in confident [at the auditions]. She was very focused, and it was very obvious that she loved what she was doing," said Sung. The film is about a waitress/dancer named Fong who remembers her loving brother and their bittersweet childhood in Hong Kong. The seven-year-old Song played a young version of "Fong", who is portrayed as an adult by Tamlyn Tomita. The film won a CINE Golden Eagle award. She appeared in another short film directed by Elizabeth Sung called The White Fox. Song next appeared in two episodes of the television program Thunder Alley, and was a regular in the children's television series Fudge, in which she portrayed Jenny. Her theatrical film debut was in Santa with Muscles, a 1996 independent film starring professional wrestler Hulk Hogan.

After a small role in Leave It to Beaver (1997), she appeared in the Nickelodeon television series 100 Deeds for Eddie McDowd, where she played Sariffa Chung in thirteen episodes. After 100 Deeds, she had a number of small parts in television shows such as 7th Heaven, Judging Amy, ER, Once and Again, The Brothers García, Popular, Bette, The Bernie Mac Show, The Nightmare Room, For the People, and George Lopez.

2000s: Breakthrough with Disney
Two of Song's early roles led to recognition in the Young Artist Awards. Her role in the 2000 Disney Channel Original Movie, The Ultimate Christmas Present, won her the award for "Best Performance in a TV Movie Comedy, Supporting Young Actress". The film centers on two teenage girls, Allison Thompson (Hallee Hirsh) and Samantha Kwan (Song), who find a weather machine and make it snow in Los Angeles. Her 2002 appearance on The Bernie Mac Show led to her nomination for "Best Performance in a TV Comedy Series, Guest Starring Young Actress". In the same year, she was in the 20th Century Fox family film Like Mike, which grossed over $60 million. The film stars rapper Bow Wow as an orphan who can suddenly play NBA-level basketball. Song portrays the character Reg Stevens, a thirteen-year-old orphan.

In 2002, Song signed a contract with Disney and appeared in the Disney Channel movie Get a Clue (alongside Lindsay Lohan). Song continued to make guest appearances in Disney sitcoms such as That's So Raven and One on One. She had a recurring role as Tia in the Disney Channel series Phil of the Future, appearing in seven episodes of the series in 2004 and 2005. In Summer 2004, Song starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie Stuck in the Suburbs, portraying Natasha Kwon-Schwartz. The television premiere received 3.7 million viewers. The film is about two teenage girls living in suburbia who accidentally exchange cell phones with a famous teen singer. At age 15, she received an early acceptance letter from Harvard University that she turned down. Speaking of the time, she said, "My mom got breast cancer for the first time, I booked Suite Life, and I was accepted into the college I'd always wanted to go to." Her father encouraged her to take the role on Suite Life. In 2005, Song began appearing in the role of spoiled heiress London Tipton in the Disney Channel Original Series, The Suite Life of Zack & Cody. The role was initially named "Paris" in an allusion to Paris Hilton. She got the role without an audition Song says, "London is my fantasy person, I wish I could be her. I wish I had her closet." The series is about the residents and workers at the fictional Tipton Hotel in Boston and mainly centers around the trouble-making twins, Zack and Cody Martin (Dylan and Cole Sprouse). The series premiered on the Disney Channel on March 18, 2005, receiving four million viewers, making it the most successful premiere for the Disney Channel in 2005. The series earned a 2007 Young Artist Award for "Best Family Television Series (comedy)", Emmy nominations for "Outstanding Children's Program" (twice) and "Outstanding Choreography", and three Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award nominations for "Favorite TV show" in 2007, 2008, and 2009. In 2006 Song earned an Asian Excellence Award nomination for "Outstanding Newcomer" for her part in the series.

After her debut on the Suite Life series, Song became a regular on the Disney Channel, and had a voice role in Disney Channel's American Dragon: Jake Long series. In 2006, Song had a voice-over role in Holidaze: The Christmas That Almost Didn't Happen. She later starred in an online series called London Tipton's Yay Me!. Song was part of the Disney Channel Circle of Stars, a group of performers from several different Disney Channel television series. She was featured in the recording and music video of a version of "A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes", which was included on the special edition Cinderella platinum edition DVD and on the DisneyMania 4 CD, released in April 2006. In the Suite Life High School Musical-themed episode, Song performed "Bop To The Top" and "Really Great". "Really Great" became the theme song for the online series, London Tipton's Yay Me!. She sang "Bling Is My Favourite Thing" on another Suite Life episode. In these episodes, Song purposefully sang poorly in character as London Tipton. In 2008, Ian Scott wrote and produced demo songs for her, credited to Mark Jackson Productions.

Song's first starring role as the title character was in the 2006 Disney Channel Original Movie Wendy Wu: Homecoming Warrior, which had over 5.7 million viewers at its premiere. Song was originally planned to play a supporting role, but was offered the lead after starting training in martial arts. Lydia Cook, one of the films's directors, said, "She had the perfect combination of wit and martial arts." The film was about a Chinese-American teenager whose life is turned upside down by a visit from a young Chinese monk (Shin Koyamada); it also deals with Wendy's culture and heritage. Disney Channel executive vice president Gary Marsh called the film "Buffy the Vampire Slayer meets Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon" and said of Song: "She's incredibly talented, she's smart. She adds diversity to our network, and she's a real kid." Song felt she could relate to the character's struggles with her heritage since she knew little about her own people before making the film. To promote the film, she posed for the cover of Seventeen, Teen People, Teen, Seventeen Malaysia, and several other magazines, and traveled to Malaysia, Singapore, and Costa Rica. The film received positive reviews from critics. UltimateDisney.com called the film "a great showcase of talent in both acting and martial for Brenda Song." Allmovie described Song as a "charming and appealing personality". Song did most of her own stunt work for the film, with guidance from Koichi Sakamoto. According to The New York Times, the film became a "star vehicle" for Song. Song reprised her role as London Tipton in the Suite Life spin-off, The Suite Life on Deck. The show's premiere on the Disney Channel drew 5.7 million viewers, and it became the most-watched series premiere on Canada's Family Channel. Disney ordered second and third seasons for the series. Song also starred as Paige in an animated television special for NBC, "Macy's Presents Little Spirit: Christmas in New York". In late 2008, Song made a special appearance at the grand opening of the RTA HealthLine in Cleveland. In May 2009, the cast of 'The Suite Life' became Disney Channel's longest running continuous characters on air. MSN's 2009 cover story on the series stated: "Song is one of the main reasons why the "Suite Life" franchise remains one of the most successful and highly rated series in the Disney stable." Also in 2009, she starred in the telefilm Special Delivery, a film about a bonded courier, Maxine (Lisa Edelstein) and a troubled teen, Alice (Song). The Daily Record called it a "likeable comedy". The Australian publication Urban CineFilm gave Song a positive review for her performance in the film. Song also appeared in the theatrical film College Road Trip with Raven-Symoné and Martin Lawrence.

2010s: Mainstream film and television
In December 2008, Song began filming sci-fi/dance film Boogie Town in Los Angeles. The film is a retelling of the tragedy Romeo and Juliet and is set in a futuristic New York City where dance battles are permanently banned. Song plays the role of Natalie, the female lead. The film was released in October 2011.

In 2010, Song joined the main cast of Columbia Pictures' The Social Network alongside Jesse Eisenberg, Andrew Garfield and Justin Timberlake. Song portrayed Christy Lee, a Harvard University student who dates Eduardo Saverin (Andrew Garfield). In 2012, Song starred in the short film First Kiss along with her Social Network costar Joseph Mazzello. First Kiss was screened at numerous film festivals throughout the US and won the Best Short Film award at the Omaha Film Festival and TriMedia Film Festival. In 2012 and 2013, Song had a recurring role as Alissa in the TV show Scandal in the first and second seasons. In 2013, Song had a recurring role as Daisy in New Girl. In August 2013, Song was cast in a leading role in the Fox television series Dads, in which Song portrayed Veronica. The show's pilot episode was criticized by Asian American watchdog groups because Song's character wore a stereotypical "sexy Asian schoolgirl" costume, which was deemed "racist" by watchdog groups. In an interview with Entertainment Weekly, Song defended the show and denied the racism allegations. Fox refused to re-shoot the scenes. The show premiered September 17, 2013, but in May 2014, Fox canceled the series after only one season.

In October 2014, Song signed a talent holding deal with Fox and 20th Century Fox Television to star in a television project. In April 2015, Song was cast in a regular role in the NBC comedy pilot Take It From Us. In November 2015, Song was cast in the show Life in Pieces as Bonnie. In February 2016, Song was cast in the CBS pilot Bunker Hill. Later renamed Pure Genius, the series was picked up by CBS and aired during the 2016-2017 television season, but was canceled after one season. In March 2017, Song was cast as a series regular in the CBS pilot Real Life. She was also cast in Seth Green's directorial debut Changeland. In August 2017, it was announced that Song would be starring in Freeform's first original holiday movie, Angry Angel, which premiered November 18, 2017. In March 2018, it was revealed Song would join the cast of new show Station 19 for a multi-episode arc. In December 2018, it was announced that Song would star in the Netflix psychological thriller Secret Obsession. The film was released on July 18, 2019. In January 2019, it was announced that Song is starring in the Hulu television series Dollface alongside Kat Dennings. From 2019 to 2022, she voiced Anne Boonchuy in the Disney animation series Amphibia In June 2019, she appeared in the Seth Green movie Changeland. She also appeared as a guest star in Aly & AJ's music video for the song "Star Maps", from their 2019 EP Sanctuary.

2020s: Current work
In 2022, Song began appearing on The Proud Family: Louder and Prouder, voicing news anchor Vanessa Vue. In 2022, she starred as the lead character Alexa in the Amazon Freevee original movie Love Accidentally. Radhika Menon of Decider wrote "the film under-uses Brenda Song." Also in 2022, she was among a large ensemble cast of actors featured in the horror game The Quarry. In 2023, she began voicing Princess Akemi in the animated series Blue Eye Samurai. In 2024, she was cast in the Gia Coppola film The Last Showgirl and an untitled Mindy Kaling office comedy series.

Personal life
From 2010 to 2017, Song was in an on-and-off relationship with musician Trace Cyrus, to whom she was engaged from 2011 to 2012. In 2017, Song shared that she was in a relationship with actor Macaulay Culkin. Their son was born on April 5, 2021. Song and Culkin's second son was born in December 2022.

In the media
In 2005, an article "Maths Spotlight on... Brenda Song" in Scholastic Math included facts about Song and mathematical guidance from her. Song appeared alongside Paula Abdul and several other celebrities in a "Our Time to Vote" commercial, which aimed to encourage American citizens to vote during the 2008 presidential election. In 2006, CosmoGirl named Song the "Queen of Disney", citing her major contributions on Disney Channel. Song ranked ninth in Netscape's 2007 "Top 10 Pretty Petites in Entertainment", was voted one of AOL's "Top 20 Tween (and Teen) TV Stars", and was ranked #3 on Maxim's Asian Hot 100 of 2008 list. Song was also ranked #45 in AIM's "Top 100 Celebs Under 25" list. TV Guide listed her in its 2008 list of "13 Hottest Young Stars to Watch". In April 2008, a picture of Song was used in an ad for an escort agency in the LA Weekly. A representative from Disney told TMZ.com, "This is an unauthorized use of Brenda Song's image and her personal attorney has issued a cease and desist to the advertiser." Song filed a libel suit seeking $100,000 in damages. Song stated, "As a role model to millions of young people, I feel I have to take a stand against this company in regard to its exploitation of my image." The settlement was announced in March 2009.

In 2009, Song was featured in Celebuzz's "Rising Stars" list and was described as one of "young Hollywood's most promising rising stars". In 2009, the blog Angry Asian Man named her one of the most influential Asian Americans under the age of 30. In 2009, Song participated in the "Diet Pepsi Easter Holiday House" event. She decorated an egg at the event that was sold in an online auction benefiting Feeding America. In 2006, Song was hostess for the "A World Of Change" annual charity fashion show to benefit Optimist Youth Homes & Family Services. She also supported the 10th Annual L.A. Cancer Challenge. In 2008, Song was part of the "Power of Youth carnival", a benefit for the St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital. In 2006 and 2007, she participated in the YMCA Healthy Kids Day in Chicago. She began hosting a Disney special daily segment called Pass the Plate in 2007, in which she helps children and their families learn more about nutrition and healthy food. The series is produced in ten countries in association with Disney Channel. Song returned for the second season of the miniseries.

Song was a spokesperson for Disney's environmental campaign, Disney's Friends for Change. She was featured in several commercials on the Disney Channel for the campaign. The charity's aim was to explain how children can help preserve the Earth and invited them to go to the Friends for Change website to register and pledge, offering them the chance to help choose how Disney will invest $1 million in environmental programs. In 2010, she was the celebrity endorser of the Walt Disney Company's Disney Cruise Line. In 2011, she was also the spokesperson of the clothing brand OP.

title: Brenda Song