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Talk:Home Movies (TV series)

New Season Possibility
Shout Factory announced something in late 2006 on their myspace blog and never made an update. anyone else notice this? Wikipedia wouldn't let me link to it for some reason.. *Update* Found a link that links to it :p http://homemovies.toonzone.net/index.html click "Blog Post"

Josie
In the Home Movies article it states that Brendon's little sister Josie is adopted. But I don't ever remember seeing in any episode that she was adopted, Can someone please indicate an episode where this was stated? Otherwise I think the article should just say Brendon's little sister Josie and not include the word adopted until it can be substantiated. Misterrick 08:01, 17 April 2005 (UTC).

In an episode called "Temporary Blindness" Brendon has to do a project for school about his family. And while talking to Paula about it they say Josie is adopted. 24.63.24.77, 21 May 2005 (UTC).

I always thought this was a joke and that Josie was a child from an affair.

I think such a detail should be in a lower section that is marked with a spoiler warning

I wouldn't consider it a spoiler, since it's simply an off-comment that doesn't imact any stories or plot points.

 * Josie is black and was stated that she was adopted. She's adopted.

-G —Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.117.158.83 (talk) 03:55, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

 * No it was not. You're wrong. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.187.47.144 (talk) 06:28, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

Multiple episodes state she was adopted. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.161.188.11 (talk) 06:43, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

The only episode addressing Josie's parentage is Temporary Blindness with the subplot about Mr. Lynch's family tree project. As Brendon's family tree is filled with carnival workers and convicts, he and Paula decide to spice up Josie's heritage by lying about her adoption to make her seem interesting. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Powerlockrawk (talk • contribs) 17:42, 9 June 2010 (UTC)

retroscripting only in season 1?
I saw this website: here. "However, I do think the second season would have been better if Soup2Nuts still used the RetroScripting technique." Can anyone confirm that they stopped using this technique after the first season? -Hyad 08:05, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

Per the DVD commentary on Season 1, Episode 106 "Director's Cut" (Disc Two), only the UPN episodes (1-5) were retroscripted.

I just verified it. At 2:13 into the Episode, Loren Bouchard says "Hey, this is the first episode with a script!" and then Brendon confirms it and talks about Bill Braudis (the show's writer.) -Herandar 23:38, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

More comments about the scripts and retroscripting at 5:41in the same episode. -Herandar 23:43, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

Season Summary

The person who wrote the season summary made a lot of errors. He uses his own bias and makes a lot of over-generalizations about each season.

Duane/Dwane
I did see Duane's name spelled "Dwane" at one spot in one episode (a subtitle in Brendon's Battle of the Bands documentary in "Hiatus") but it hardly seems worth mentioning the alternate spelling. "Duane" is clearly how they have decided it should be spelled on the DVD covers, in multiple places at least on the Season 2 cases.
 * This was probably a joke about how poorly made Brendon's documentary was. Gatesofawesome!

Mitch
I think the Mitch character should be mentioned because it was the late Mitch Hedberg that played the character, and this was probably the most famous guest on the show
 * I'll add a celebrity guest section, including Mitch's 4 appearances, soon. --TheMidnighters 13:16, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

Jason = poor?
Is Jason supposed to be poor or rich? In one episode he mentions that he sleeps in a bunkbed with his father (which would imply that he doesn't even have his own bedroom), yet in another episode he has a membership to a country club. I think there are some other references to him being poor but I can't recall them off the top of my head.
 * I think there are more signs pointing to his family being rich. The bunkbed doesn't necessarily mean that they're poor, just weird. In another episode Jason can't get in touch with his parents, who are in a hotel in Tunisia. Given the style of the show, and Benjamin's improvising, you could probably find justification for either option. --TheMidnighters 06:41, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Don't forget, too, that Jason's family can afford to belong to a members-only country club, which Brendon makes use of in one episode by masquerading as Jason.12.162.189.80 20:15, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

paula poundstone, louis ck and laura silverman are all quite a bit more famous than mitch hedberg was.(loved his humor and miss him though) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.84.56.132 (talk) 01:54, 3 July 2012 (UTC)

Science court
a few of the characters and I think some of the style of this show comes from an old show I used to watch called 'science court'. If anyone cares to track down a citation for this, then that'd add to the article. If not, i dont really care.

wikiquote
wikiquote stuff doesn't work. something with the titles.

Proposed merge
I proposed that we merge Scab (band) into this article. Currently, there are 3 articles about Home Movies: Home Movies (TV series), List of Home Movies episodes, and Scab (band). I would say Scab is hardly a major enough part of the show to deserve its own article, especially when none of the other characters have their own articles. There's not a whole lot of useful info in the Scab article, so I would suggest that we maybe merge the interesting fact or two that is there into the 'Style' section of the Home Movies article. Any thoughts? --Gpollock 05:26, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

Season Summary
The person who wrote the season summary made a lot of errors. He uses his own bias and makes a lot of over-generalizations about each season.
 * Feel free to fix it yourself. VolatileChemical 22:22, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

Count Popula
Is Count Popula an actual character? If not, please consider deleting it. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Ng.j (talk • contribs) 04:15, 29 March 2007 (UTC).
 * Count Popula is not a character, but he is referenced in the show. He is "the pope's cousin, a magical monster with pencils for arms." MrCheshire 20:39, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

Proposed character section split
I move the "Characters" section be moved to a new page. I think it's long enough. VolatileChemical 02:46, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm inclined to agree. When it goes get moved, I'll try to help expand on the character bios, to ensure that the new page is justified. MrCheshire 20:39, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Absolutely. Those bios need some serious expansion. Serious. Ly. VolatileChemical 23:33, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
 * And now it's done. In case no one noticed. VolatileChemical 22:39, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

Brendon's Age
In the show Brendon is repeatedly referred to as being in the 4th grade, and is also referred to as being 8. Shamas also has his 8th birthday in the first season and is in the 4th grade of another school. Brendon should then be about 10 unless he skipped 2 years. Is this worth mentioning?
 * No wonder he does so poorly in school. I wouldn't put it past the crappy school he attends to have just gotten the numbers wrong. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.72.204.139 (talk) 04:49, 18 March 2018 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Homemovies sm.png
Image:Homemovies sm.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 23:48, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Theme Song=Spinning Wheel
Is this shows theme song supposed to be an interpretation of the song "Spinning Wheel" by the band Blood,Sweat and Tears?-Sign Wikipedians. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.66.212.182 (talk) 06:05, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

Josie is not adopted
Or is she? It's not clear. I could be wrong, but there is no time in home movies where they explicitly say that Josie is adopted. This is just some pervasive roomer that has inundated the internet. As for "Temporary Blindness", the conversation is this:

(when talking about the family tree) B:"well it's good to know that we come from good stock" P:"yes it is" B"most of them seem to be carnies" P:"or on the lamb" B:"I feel like maybe not including them on the family tree" P:"I wouldn't object to that" B:"So what do we got?" P:"You, me, your father, your step-mother, your grandparents, and your sister. B:"My sister...Josie, yeah but what do we really know about her?" P:"Well she hasn't been to prison yet" B:"Well we don't REALLY know that do we?" P:"There were two days that I lost her"

Go to veoh and check it out yourself.

Not adopted: -First of all the Family tree has a branch for Josie which branches off from "Mom" and "Dad". "Josie has the same relation to "Mom" as "Mom" has to "grandma 1". However this may just be a cartoony representation. -They never use the word "adopted" in this entire show. - The interpretation of the conservation would be this:  Brendon is joking around with his mother like he always does.  "What do we really know about her?" should be viewed as a joke.  Paula responds in kind by joking that she might have been in prison during the two-day stint when she lost her, but she never mentions any early age.

Adopted: - We have to view Brendon's comment as alluding to the fact that Josie is adopted. "Well we don't really know [that she wasn't in prison]" is referring to Josie's early life. - Her skin looks darker (but then again this could be artistic license: Paula doesn't have that same tone as her mother, Fenton doesn't have the same as his mother.)

I really don't know myself, I'm pretty sure that they never explicitly say that she is adopted. If they do, please put up some citation. Everyone seems to be copying the wikipedia article, which I worry might be wrong, so I'm going to remove adoption references until someone with further knowledge can fill it in. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.187.47.144 (talk) 06:21, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Well I guess I have to watch the entire episode. It does say she is adopted right before Melissa talks about her Family Tree.  Sorry for this long annoying post.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.187.47.144 (talk) 07:01, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Its a throw-away joke in season 4, and certainly not a big deal. There is no reason at all that it should be mentioned in the opening paragraph of the article. It possibly could be mentioned on the character page, but only because it semi-explains why Brendan has such a little sister, but just barely remembers his dad. However, there are already way too many "This one time..."s on the character page as it is. -- Marvin01 | talk  19:16, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

Psychoanalytic basis of characters
It has occurred to me that the characters of Brendan, Melissa and Jason represent the ego, superego, and id of psychoanalytic theory, but I haven't found any corroborating statements from the show's creators. Has anyone encountered this idea in interviews or such? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.212.225.130 (talk) 14:53, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

The Art of the Sucker Punch
I propose that the above article is merged into this as the individual episode clearly fails the criteria of WP:EPISODE. –– Jezhotwells (talk) 22:26, 11 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Super strong oppose to merge There are a large amount of reliable sources to keep this. You need to recheck the criteria.  The Flash  I am Jack's   complete   lack of surprise 00:24, 12 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Oppose merge. Clearly, this article passes WP:N as there are plenty of reliable third-party sources to establish notability. The articles are well-written, well sourced and contains plenty of information beyond the plot-and-trivia-lists that most television episodes articles unfortunately end up becoming. —  Hun ter   Ka  hn  01:05, 12 April 2010 (UTC)
 * The references are: a review of the series, no mention of this episode; likewise ;, one line plot tease and cast list;  review of the series, the episode is not mentioned;  three line plot summary;  review of the series, no mention of this episode;  overview of the series, no mention of this episode;  review of the series, with a listing of episodes;  DVD review, the episode is not listed as being on the DVD. None of this amounts to "substantial coverage" of the iepisode as required by WP:NOTE and WP:EPISODE, which says: "While each episode on its own may not qualify for an article, it is quite likely that sources can be found to support a series or season page, where all the episodes in one season (or series) are presented on one page. (See examples listed below). Such pages must still be notable, and contain out-of-universe context, and not merely be a list of episode titles or cast and crew: Wikipedia is not a directory." The series has sufficient notability, but individual episodes don't. –– Jezhotwells (talk) 19:03, 12 April 2010 (UTC)
 * You are missing the point of the article, and that's the way the reception is handled, a fact which is key to the notability of an episode article (a glaringly obvious fact which you would know if you were more familiar with the workings of WP:TV, although I might be over exaggerating as to how well known that is...) and you are clearly not understand just how these sources are being used to establish it. You're not reading carefully enough to see just how these so called "no mentioning of the episode" and such is false, and how every single review quite clearly mentions the plot of the episode at the very least, and mentions a critical opinion to the themes that are used in that plot and others. Not the mention, its viewership is discussed quite critically through very reliable newspaper publications. I do not find the general logic in your argument, and think your assertion that the sources are not being used well enough is because you are not reading carefully enough in the sources to notice just how this is being critically discussed. Thank you,  The Flash  I am Jack's   complete   lack of surprise 23:34, 12 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Please list the refrences, which in your opinion give "substantial coverage" of the episode "The Art of the Sucker Punch", as opposed to an overview of the series. –– Jezhotwells (talk) 11:26, 13 April 2010 (UTC)
 * The Broadcast and Cable articles, the DVD commentary especially, the Drawn to Television book, and both DVD reviews, which (though not being entirely about the episode) "is more than a trivial mention but it need not be the main topic of the source material." The occurrence is more than trivial as it gives this reviewers their specific critical opinion of the episode, its plot, and its theme. Please stop repeating the same thing over again and avoiding the facts given to you, as it is getting this discussion absolutely nowhere.  The Flash  I am Jack's   complete   lack of surprise 18:41, 13 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Broadcasting and Cable "gave a Nielsen rating of of 1.0/2" (the other "article" is a rating for another episode); "the DVD commentary especially" WP:SPS; "Drawn to Television: Primetime Television from The Flinstones to Family Guy, M. Keith Booker" - I would be interested to see what specifically this book says about this episode in its 208 pages covering “The history of prime-time animation from Flintstones to modern times"; DVDTalk says about this epidsode, "'The Art of the Sucker Punch' - Brendon helps Jason deal with a bully."; DVD veridct says: ""The Art of the Sucker Punch" - When the local bully Shannon (Emo Phillips) beats up Jason, Brendon decides he's going to take revenge by challenging him to a fight. Of course he'll also make a When We Were Kings-like film at the same time. There's just one hitch—Brendon is a horrible fighter. Coach McGuirk steps in to give him some pointers."; Film.com says: oh, it says nothing about this episode, not even a track listing. Sorry, but the "substantial coverage" has either been removed from those sources by evil aliens (or should that be gnomes), or it was never there in the first place. –– Jezhotwells (talk) 01:17, 14 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Real nice job looking for the specific plot/character references on the web pages that give a critical opinion of the episode! It really shows just how much you're listening! I'm getting quite tired of this discussion, and dealing with someone who refuses to listen to explanations. I shall let other users give their opinion so this can reach a consensus, and it's not just one huge argument between the two of us which goes no where.  The Flash  I am Jack's   complete   lack of surprise 18:38, 14 April 2010 (UTC)

Requested move 28 April 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Not Moved - re: I believe that anyone searching Home Movies (with Movies capitalized) is likely intending the TV series, the ability to divine what anyone was searching for on WP among millions of users is not a basis for a title change. Mike Cline (talk) 13:05, 6 May 2016 (UTC)

Home Movies (TV series) → Home Movies – Per WP:DIFFCAPS. I believe that anyone searching Home Movies (with Movies capitalized) is likely intending the TV series. For one, the show gets much more page views than Home movies (latest 90 is 43783 compared to 10002), so I doubt the redirect is doing anyone any favors. It also beats the other topics called Home Movies that capitalize the M by a rather large margin (89% in total). Long-term significance should not be an issue because the show has been off the air for a decade now. So yeah, follow the example set by Ice Cube/Fallout Shelter/Blank Page whatever and move the page. Nohomersryan (talk) 20:38, 28 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose it isn't only a diffcaps issue with so many other topics at Home Movies (disambiguation) In ictu oculi (talk) 10:07, 29 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes, as I said though the show is definitely the primary topic out of all those. Nohomersryan (talk) 12:24, 29 April 2016 (UTC)
 * But there doesn't have to be an absolute topic. In ictu oculi (talk) 13:15, 29 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Exactly. Important point that is surprisingly commonly overlooked. Andrewa (talk) 04:28, 6 May 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose Instead move Home Movies (disambiguation) → Home Movies. -- Netoholic @  13:28, 29 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Support per nom and the correct interpretation of WP:DIFFCAPS.  Calidum   ¤   15:22, 1 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose. This isn't the primary meaning of home movies or even Home Movies. If DIFFCAPS really does support this move (I'm skeptical) then we need to update and/or clarify it, and meanwhile plead WP:IAR. Andrewa (talk) 04:26, 6 May 2016 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

CD
Isn't it too commercial to include CD releases? Other sitcoms or animations don't have this section — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A01:E35:8A8D:FE80:85CB:D00D:634D:E2B8 (talk) 07:11, 10 August 2016 (UTC)

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one example of Why I Hate Categories
Categories are nothing but generalized magnets for useless fancruft, thus encouraging fanboy wankers to sign up for W'pedia just to one-up each other rather than do any actual progressive editing of articles. Like most Lists, Categories depend primarily upon conjecture, original research, and editorial synthesis.

How is this both 1999 American television series debuts and 2001 American television series debuts? It jumped to another network, so I also don't see how it fits American television series revived after cancellation.

I've only seen maybe half the episodes, and can't see where it belongs with Television shows set in the United States. It could be Canada, or Germany (or, really, suburban Tokyo). Weeb Dingle (talk) 17:37, 24 August 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Home Movies (TV series)


text:
Communist Party of Extremadura

The Communist Party of Extremadura (in Spanish: Partido Comunista de Extremadura) is the federation of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) in Extremadura.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Communist Party of Extremadura


text:
User:Klemen Kocjancic/Articles

List of articles, which I started on Wikipedia.

title: User:Klemen Kocjancic/Articles


text:
Communist Party of Galicia

The Communist Party of Galicia (Partido Comunista de Galicia, PCG), is the affiliate of the Communist Party of Spain in Galicia.

History
It was founded by Santiago Álvarez Gómez (1913–2002). During the late years of Francoism and the Spanish democratic transition the party lost influence, with some sectors of its traditional social base joining the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) or the Galician People's Union (UPG).

In the local elections of 1979 the party gained 70 town councillors and 3 mayors (Cangas do Morrazo, O Grove and Mugardos). In the Galician elections of 1981 the PCG won a seat in the Parliament of Galicia for the Province of A Coruña. In 1985 the party lost its representation in parliament, not gaining any seat again until the Galician elections of 2012, when the coalition Galician Left Alternative won 9 deputies (5 - later 4 - of them were PCG members):

The current general secretary is Eva Solla, elected in 2014, being the first woman to lead the party

title: Communist Party of Galicia


text:
Communist Party of Madrid

The Communist Party of Madrid (in Spanish: Partido Comunista de Madrid) is the federation of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) in the Community of Madrid.

title: Communist Party of Madrid


text:
Communist Party of the Region of Murcia

Communist Party of the Region of Murcia (in Spanish: Partido Comunista de la Región de Murcia) is the federation of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) in Murcia.

title: Communist Party of the Region of Murcia


text:
Communist Party of La Rioja

The Communist Party of La Rioja (in Spanish: Partido Comunista de La Rioja) is the federation of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) in La Rioja. The party was registered with the Spanish Ministry of Interior on November 13, 1986.

The general secretary of the party is Montserrat García.

title: Communist Party of La Rioja


text:
Tone River

The Tone River (利根川) is a river in the Kantō region of Japan. It is 322 km in length (the second longest in Japan after the Shinano) and has a drainage area of 16840 km2 (the largest in Japan). It is nicknamed Bandō Tarō (坂東太郎); Bandō is an obsolete alias of the Kantō Region, and Tarō is a popular given name for an oldest son. It is regarded as one of the "Three Greatest Rivers" of Japan, the others being the Yoshino in Shikoku and the Chikugo in Kyūshū.

Geography
The source of the Tone River is at (大水上山) (1831 m) in the Echigo Mountains, which straddle the border between Gunma and Niigata Prefectures in Jōshin'etsu Kōgen National Park. The Tone gathers tributaries and pours into the Pacific Ocean at Cape Inubō, Choshi in Chiba Prefecture.

Tributaries
Major tributaries of the Tone River include the Agatsuma, Watarase, Kinu, Omoi, and the. The Edo River branches away from the river and flows into Tokyo Bay.

History
The Tone River was once known for its uncontrollable nature, and its route changed whenever floods occurred. It is hard to trace its ancient route, but it originally flowed into Tokyo Bay along the route of the present-day Edo River, and tributaries like the Watarase and Kinu had independent river systems. For the sake of water transportation and flood control, extensive construction began in the 17th century during the Tokugawa shogunate, when the Kantō region became the political center of Japan. The course of the river was significantly changed, and the present route of the river was determined during the Meiji period, with the assistance of Dutch civil engineer Anthonie Rouwenhorst Mulder. Its vast watershed is thus largely artificial.

Two ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy were named after the river, one of World War I vintage and another from World War II, the lead ship of its class.

Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
As a result of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster radioactive cesium concentrations of 110 becquerels per kilogram were found in silver crucian carp fish caught in the Tone River in April 2012. The river is 180 km from the Fukushima Daiichi Plant. Six fishery cooperatives and 10 towns along the river were asked to stop all shipments of fish caught in the Tone.

Use
The Tone River was an indispensable inland water link between the capitol at Edo, and later Tokyo, to the Pacific Ocean. It carried not only local products like soy sauce from Choshi, but also products from the Tōhoku region, in order to save time and to avoid risk in the open sea. With the advent of the railway in the 19th century major shipping on the Tone quickly declined, and inland ports such as Noda, Sekiyado, now part of Noda, Nagareyama, and Sawara, now part of Katori diminished in importance. Today the river has several dams that supply water for more than 30 million inhabitants of metropolitan Tokyo and large-scale industrial areas such as the Keiyō Industrial Zone.

Rafting and kayaking
The Minakami onsen area in Gunma Prefecture is near the source for the Tone River and during the spring snow melt period, April–June, the river provides consistent grade 4 rapids (on the International Scale of River Difficulty) over a 12 km stretch. The river provides some of the best white water rafting and kayaking in Japan. The snow melt swells the river to grade 4 in spring; in the summer it is a gentle grade 2. The Momijikyo section has 7 grade 3-4 rapids for 1 km and is 12 km long in total.

Cycling
The Tone River is home to Japan's longest car free cycling path. At over 220km long the Tone River Cycling Road 利根川サイクリングロード starts in Shibukawa City, Gunma and runs all the way to Choshi City, Chiba. The total route is over 230km but the final 10km or so into Choshi is on a road. The remaining 220km is on detached cycling paths high up on the river bank with great views of mountains while in Gunma and large rice fields and agriculture as you approach the ocean.

title: Tone River


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Tri-Cities Airport (Washington)

Tri-Cities Airport (originally Pasco Airport) is a public airport in Pasco, Washington, United States. It is 2 mi northwest of downtown Pasco and serves the Tri-Cities metropolitan area in southeast Washington. The airport is the third largest commercial airport in the state. The facility has three runways and covers 2,235 acres.

History
The Tri-Cities Airport (originally Pasco Airport) was the site of the first airmail contract flight between Elko, Nevada, and Pasco, Washington, made by Varney Airlines, (later United Airlines) in 1926. The airport was relocated to its present site and became known as the Franklin County Airport; the U.S. Navy built Naval Air Station Pasco in 1942 and was the 3rd busiest Naval training base in the United States during World War II  After the war, the Navy transferred the field to the City of Pasco for one dollar, but retained training privileges. Several Navy aircraft, especially the P-3 Orion and the P-8 Poseidon, used the field for landing and take-off training. The Port of Pasco took ownership in 1963 and opened doors to a new terminal building in 1966.

In 1955, the old administration building became the home of the newly established Columbia Basin College, which it remained until the current facility near Interstate 182 was built in 1966. The building later was leased to the Pasco School District #1, for use as Pasco Alternative High School (now New Horizons High School) until it was destroyed by fire in the mid-1980s. The new school is now sited near Columbia Basin College.

Pasco has had jet flights on several airlines, including Air West/Hughes Airwest with Douglas DC-9s, Cascade Airways with BAC One-Elevens, Delta Air Lines with Boeing 727-200s and 737-300s, Western Airlines with Boeing 727-200s, 737-200s, and 737-300s, Frontier Airlines with 737-200s, Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) with BAe 146-200s, Alaska Airlines with Boeing 727s, Horizon Air with Fokker F-28s, and West Coast Airlines with DC-9s.

Currently, scheduled passenger flights are mostly regional jet and turboprop, although Allegiant Air operates Airbus A319s/320s, Delta operates Airbus A319s/320s and Boeing 717s, and Avelo operates Boeing 737s. Horizon Air, a subsidiary of Alaska Airlines, currently uses a mix of Bombardier Q400 turboprop aircraft, and E-175 jets at Tri-Cities, but has announced plans to transition to all E-175 jets by the end of 2023.

An expansion and remodel project took place in 1986 that included access roads, parking lots, aircraft parking apron and more than doubling the size of the terminal.

In 2003, the airport underwent another expansion and remodel that added an additional 3000 sqft to the ticket lobby and boarding area.

In 2014, the Port of Pasco approved a $42 million renovation and expansion, planning to double the size of the terminal. The construction began in August 2014 and finished in January 2017. The first phase of the expansion was completed on September 7, 2015, which included a new west concourse with gates 3, 4 and 5 as well as new car rental and baggage claim areas. The second phase started shortly thereafter, planning to demolish the old boarding area and replace it with a new east concourse to house gates 1 and 2.

On January 27, 2017, the $42 million airport renovation and expansion, which added a new terminal, security area and baggage handling system was officially opened to the public. The new terminal is intended to meet the needs of the Tri-Cities metropolitan area for the next 20 years, with passenger enplanements/deplanements in 2019 reaching a new high of 870,900.

Current use
The airport's terminal at the south end of the field is the property of the Port of Pasco, at the north end of North 20th Avenue. Firefighting, however, is handled by the City of Pasco. A new fire station has recently been built on the terminal grounds. The old Navy station buildings on the north end of the airport are being used by other firms. The airport is undergoing a major resurfacing of the runways, funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.

Major tenants and commercial activity
General and corporate aviation are important to PSC and they have many facilities to accommodate them. The airport has over 120 based aircraft that belong to business and general aviation operators. T-hangars are available on the airport and one FBO, Bergstrom Aircraft, Inc. offering fuel, aircraft maintenance, flight training and other services. The airport has one aircraft sales company, JD Aircraft Sales.

PSC also has commercial air traffic. The airport is served by the regional affiliates of several major airlines such as Alaska and United. Delta Air Lines, Avelo Airlines and Allegiant Air operate mainline jets at present. Delta Air Lines flies Skywest E175s as well as Airbus A319s/A320s, Avelo Airlines operates Boeing 737s, with Allegiant Air flying Airbus 320s. Alaska Airlines, operated by Horizon Air, currently flies E175s. Empire Airlines operates FedEx Feeder also to the airport from Spokane Intl (GEG). The FedEx facility on the field goes through 40,000 lb of inbound cargo daily. Empire Airlines usually operates ATR-42s and Cessna 208 Caravans, and also ATR-72s during higher cargo volume periods. The FedEx facility is a major source of revenue for the community and they are planning to expand their facilities at PSC in the near future.

In the year ending December 31, 2018, the airport had 48,211 aircraft operations, average 132 per day: 67% general aviation, 19% air carrier, 9% air taxi, and 5% military. At the time 121 aircraft were based at PSC, 80 single engine, 23 multi engine, 14 jet and 4 helicopter.

Accidents and incidents

 * On June 20, 1969, a Beechcraft Model 99 operated by Cascade Airways, bound for Spokane International Airport, pitched up steeply after takeoff, lost control and crashed. The probable causes were the pitch trim was found in the full nose up position and the captain's seat was unlocked and fully aft. Both occupants died.
 * On December 19, 1989, a British Aerospace Jetstream operated by North Pacific Airlines on behalf of United Express Flight 2415, a domestic scheduled passenger flight inbound from Yakima Air Terminal, crashed on an instrument landing system (ILS) approach to PSC 400 feet short of runway 21. Ice buildup and an unstabilized approach were the probable causes. All four passengers and two crew were killed.
 * On September 20, 2022, a Cessna 525B CitationJet CJ3 owned and operated by Pacific Cataract and Laser Institute inbound from Chehalis, WA with 10 people aboard caught fire after landing on runway 03L. As of November 25, 2022, the accident is under investigation, but preliminary information indicates that the plane caught fire after a gear-up landing. All 10 people evacuated and no injuries were reported, but the plane was written off.

title: Tri-Cities Airport (Washington)


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Communist Party of the Valencian Country

The Communist Party of the Valencian Country (Partit Comunista del País Valencià, Partido Comunista del País Valenciano) is a Spanish communist political party, acting as the federation of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) in the Valencian Community. As such, it is a component party of the United Left of the Valencian Country group.

The PCPV was constituted in 1976, a year after the death of Francisco Franco, during the Spanish transition to democracy. Its first general secretary was Antonio Palomares, a communist leader who had fought against Francoist Spain. In its First Congress in 1979, the PCPV elected Ernest García as its general secretary. Nevertheless, García was in minority in the Executive Board, and had to resign, being replaced by José Galán until the 3rd Congress, which elected Juan Villalba as general secretary. As Villalba stood by Santiago Carrillo when the latter left the PCE, the PCE leadership requested the summoning of a 4th PCPV Congress in 1985, one which elected Pedro Zamora as general secretary in a vote that excluded Carrillo's followers.

After the fall of the Soviet Union, some members of the PCE stood for its dissolution and the conversion of the United Left (IU) coalition into a new political party. In this context, at 1992 the 6th Congress of the PCPV elected a new leadership headed by Joan Ribó. Joan Ribó was elected general coordinator of the United Left of the Valencian Country (EUPV) in 1998, being replaced by Alfred Botella as the general coordinator of the PCPV. Botella was re-elected at the 8th (in 2000) and 9th (2002) Congresses. At 2005, during a conflict inside the IU, Botella resigned and the leadership of the PCPV convoked an extraordinary 10th Congress, which elected a new leadership that unanimously voted for Marga Sanz as general secretary.


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J.P. Morgan & Co.

J.P. Morgan & Co. is an American financial institution specialized in investment banking, asset management and private banking founded by financier J. P. Morgan in 1871. Through a series of mergers and acquisitions, the company is now a subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase, one of the largest banking institutions in the world. The company has been historically referred to as the "House of Morgan" or simply Morgan.

For 146 years, until 2000, J.P. Morgan specialized in commercial banking, before a merger with Chase Manhattan Bank led to the business line spinning off under the Chase brand.

Early history
The origins of the firm date back to 1854 when Junius S. Morgan joined George Peabody & Co. (which became Peabody, Morgan & Co.), a London-based banking business headed by George Peabody. Junius took control of the firm, changing its name to J.S. Morgan & Co. in 1864 on Peabody's retirement. Junius's son, J. Pierpont Morgan, first apprenticed at Duncan, Sherman, and Company in New York City, then founded his own firm with a cousin, J. Pierpont Morgan & Company, in 1864. J. Pierpont Morgan & Company traded in government bonds and foreign exchange. It also acted as an agent for Peabody's. Junius, however, considered some of Pierpont's ventures to be highly speculative. Therefore, Pierpont took on Charles H. Dabney (a connection established when Pierpont was sent to the Azores as a child) as a senior partner, and the firm was known first as Dabney, Morgan, and Company (beginning in 1864) and then "Drexel, Morgan & Co." (in 1871). In those firms, Pierpont used his Peabody connection to bring British financial capital together with the rapidly-growing U.S. industrial firms, such as railroads, which needed capital. The Drexel of Drexel, Morgan & Co. was Philadelphia banker Anthony J. Drexel, founder of what is now Drexel University.

House of Morgan
On Junius's death in 1890, Pierpont Morgan took his place at J.S. Morgan and Company. After Drexel's death, Drexel, Morgan reorganized in 1895 and became J.P. Morgan and Company. It financed the formation of the United States Steel Corporation, which took over the business of Andrew Carnegie and others and was the world's first billion-dollar corporation. In 1895, it supplied the United States government with $62 million in gold to float a bond issue and restore the treasury surplus of $100 million. In 1892, the company began to finance the New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad and led it through a series of acquisitions, which made it the dominant railroad transporter in New England. In 1905 a close alliance was formed with the banking house of J. P. Morgan & Co., New York, for joint action in international finance and issue operations, particularly the absorption of American securities by German investors with the Dresdner Bank.

Built in 1914, 23 Wall Street was known as "The Corner" and "The House of Morgan". At noon, on September 16, 1920, an anarchist bomb exploded in front of the bank, killing 38 and injuring 400. Shortly before the bomb went off, an unknown person placed a warning note in a mailbox at the corner of Cedar Street and Broadway. The warning read: "Remember we will not tolerate any longer. Free the political prisoners or it will be sure death for all of you. American Anarchists Fighters." While theories abound about who was behind the Wall Street bombing and why they did it, after twenty years of investigation the FBI rendered the file inactive in 1940 without ever finding the perpetrators.

Financing of Allied bonds during World War I
In August 1914, Henry P. Davison, a Morgan partner, traveled to London and made a deal with the Bank of England to make J.P. Morgan & Co. the sole underwriter of war bonds for Great Britain and France. The Bank of England became a fiscal agent of J.P. Morgan & Co. and vice versa. Over the course of the war, J.P. Morgan loaned about $1.5 billion (approximately $0 billion in today's dollars) to the Allies to fight against the Germans. The company also invested in the suppliers of war equipment to Britain and France, thus profiting from the financing and purchasing activities of the two European governments.

During the early 1920s, J.P. Morgan & Co. was active in promoting banks in the southern hemisphere, including the Bank of Central and South America.

Glass–Steagall Act and Morgan Stanley
In 1933, the provisions of the Glass–Steagall Act forced J.P. Morgan & Co. to separate its investment banking from its commercial banking operations. J.P. Morgan & Co. chose to operate as a commercial bank because after the stock market crash of 1929, investment banking was in some disrepute and commercial lending was perceived to be the more profitable and prestigious business. Also, many within J.P. Morgan believed that a change in the political climate would allow the company to resume its securities businesses but that it would be nearly impossible to reconstitute the bank if it were disassembled.

In 1935, after being barred from the securities business for over a year, the heads of J.P. Morgan made the decision to spin off its investment banking operations. Two J.P. Morgan partners, Henry S. Morgan (son of Jack Morgan and grandson of J. Pierpont Morgan) and Harold Stanley, founded Morgan Stanley on September 16, 1935, with $6.6 million of nonvoting preferred stock from J.P. Morgan partners. At the beginning, Morgan Stanley's headquarters were at 2 Wall Street, just down the street from J.P. Morgan, and Morgan Stanley bankers routinely used 23 Wall Street in closing transactions.

Morgan Guaranty Trust

In the years following the spin-off of Morgan Stanley, the securities business proved robust, while the parent firm, which was incorporated in 1940, was less profitable. By the 1950s, J.P. Morgan was only a mid-sized bank. To bolster its position, in 1959, J.P. Morgan merged with the Guaranty Trust Company of New York to form the Morgan Guaranty Trust Company. The two banks already had numerous relationships between them and had complementary characteristics as J.P. Morgan brought a prestigious name and high-quality clients and bankers while Guaranty Trust brought a significant amount of capital. Although Guaranty Trust was nearly four times the size of J.P. Morgan at the time of the merger in 1959, J.P. Morgan was considered the buyer and nominal survivor and former J.P. Morgan employees were the primary managers of the merged company.

Return of J.P. Morgan & Co.
Ten years after the merger, Morgan Guaranty established a bank holding company called J.P. Morgan & Co. Incorporated, but continued to operate as Morgan Guaranty through the 1980s before beginning to migrate back to use of the J.P. Morgan brand. In 1988, the company once again began operating exclusively as J.P. Morgan & Co.

Also in the 1980s, J.P. Morgan along with other commercial banks pushed the envelope of product offerings toward investment banking, beginning with the issuance of commercial paper. In 1989, the Federal Reserve permitted J.P. Morgan to be the first commercial bank to underwrite a corporate debt offering. In the 1990s, J.P. Morgan moved quickly to rebuild its investment banking operations and by the late 1990s would emerge as a top-five player in securities underwriting.

JPMorgan Chase
By the late 1990s, J.P. Morgan had emerged as a large but not dominant commercial and investment banking franchise with an attractive brand name and a strong presence in debt and equity securities underwriting.

Beginning in 1998, J.P. Morgan openly discussed the possibility of a merger, and speculation of a pairing with banks such as Goldman Sachs, Chase Manhattan Bank, Credit Suisse and Deutsche Bank AG was prevalent. Chase Manhattan had emerged as one of the largest and fastest-growing commercial banks in the United States through a series of mergers over the previous decade. In 2000, Chase, which was looking for yet another transformational merger to improve its position in investment banking, merged with J.P. Morgan to form JPMorgan Chase & Co.

The combined JPMorgan Chase would become one of the largest banks both in the United States and globally offering a full complement of investment banking, commercial banking, retail banking, asset management, private banking and private equity businesses.

In 2004, JPMorgan began a joint venture with Cazenove, which combined Cazenove's investment banking operations with JPMorgan's UK investment banking business. By 2010 JPMorgan bought the company out. J.P. Morgan Cazenove is a marketing name for the U.K. investment banking businesses and EMEA cash equities and equity research businesses of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries.

In 2005, JPMorgan Chase acknowledged that its two predecessor banks had received ownership of thousands of slaves as collateral prior to the Civil War. The company apologized for contributing to the "brutal and unjust institution" of slavery. The bank paid $5 million in reparations in the form of a scholarship program for Black students.

J.P. Morgan, the company itself, is still active as the business and investment banking subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase; Chase Manhattan Bank is still active as the personal banking subsidiary of the company.

List of Chairman and CEOs of J.P. Morgan & Co.
Following J.P. Morgan & Co.'s formation in 1871, John Pierpont "J. P." Morgan was universally accepted as its highest executive authority (despite holding the mere title of "senior partner"). Upon Morgan's death in 1913, the bank's leadership passed to his son, John Pierpont "Jack" Morgan Jr. Once J.P. Morgan & Co. was incorporated in 1942, Jack emerged as its first chief executive within his capacity as chairman of the board of directors. Henceforth, the bank would be led by 12 executives (eight of whom chaired the board of directors while simultaneously holding the title of CEO) before merging with Chase Manhattan Bank to become JPMorgan Chase.

Chairman of the Board of Directors

 * J.P. Morgan Jr. (1942–1943)
 * Thomas W. Lamont (1943–1948)
 * Russell C. Leffingwell (1948–1950)
 * George Whitney (1950–1955)

Chairman and CEOs

 * Henry C. Alexander (1955–1965)
 * Thomas S. Gates Jr. (1965–1969)
 * John Meyer Jr. (1969–1971)
 * Ellmore C. Patterson (1971–1978)
 * Walter Hines Page II (1978-1979)
 * Lewis Thompson Preston (1979–1990)
 * Dennis Weatherstone (1990–1995)
 * Douglas A. Warner III (1995–2000)
 * Jamie Dimon (2005-present)

title: J.P. Morgan & Co.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jiyang Chen

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 20:00, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)


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Children's Environmental Exposure Research Study

The Children's Environmental Exposure Research Study (or CHEERS) was a study conducted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency designed to examine how children may be exposed to pesticides and other chemicals used in U.S. households, such as phthalates, brominated flame retardants, and perfluorinated compounds (PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and others). The two-year study began in the summer of 2004 and was conducted in Duval County, Florida, a region with high concentration of pesticides.

On April 8, 2005, Stephen L. Johnson cancelled the study after the program was criticized. Johnson himself was heavily criticized for his support in the use of human test subjects during his tenure as EPA's Assistant Administrator for Toxic Substances.

Mechanics of the study
The study was due to be completed in two years, researchers would follow the progress of 60 young children whose parents sprayed pesticides frequently. They would collect data every six months taken from biological samples such as blood and urine. Parents were also required to document specific information such as food and liquid intake. They must also record their children's activities on video. To qualify, a family has to have a confirmed history of residential pesticide use, a child under the age of 13 months and must agree to continue using pesticides inside the residential abode.

Participating families were promised monetary compensation of up to $970, study T-shirt, framed Certificate of Appreciation, study bib for the baby, calendar, study newsletter, and a camcorder.

Controversies
EPA recruiting information for CHEERS claimed that participation in the study presented "no risk" to the subjects or their families. Critics, however, contended that the state of knowledge about pesticide exposure risks to infants and children while imprecise, suggests that residential pesticide exposure poses developmental risks to infants and children. This meant that CHEERS would have paid families to expose their children to pesticides for two years. EPA denied this, stressing that because CHEERS would have only examined families who used pesticides prior to the study, CHEERS would not have increased the subject families' exposure to pesticides. The argument is based on the fact that the study had an observational, rather than experimental design. There was fear, however, that the study could induce parents to intentionally expose their children to pesticides to be able to qualify in the high-use group of the study.

The study was also criticized for using disproportionately black, lower-income families as subjects. EPA's claim was that Duval County was chosen because they knew that many families in the area were using large amounts of pesticides to control roaches and pests.

The EPA also received $2 million of the proposed 9 million budget for the CHEERS study from the American Chemistry Council, a lobbying group representing 135 chemical companies in exchange for measuring levels of common household chemicals such as flame, retardants, and ingredients in plastic products along with pesticides.

The CHEERS project was terminated in 2005 after it became a political matter. Thereafter, the U.S. Congress also passed a law that bans EPA from funding intentional exposure research that involves children and pregnant or nursing women.


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title: File:Pcaragonlogo.PNG


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Talk:Swami Vivekananda

Where did swami vivekanandan studied in 7th std
The Swami vivekanandan studied in polienBold 42.106.182.6 (talk) 16:07, 19 July 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 12 January 2024
Please edit nationality from "British Subject" to "Indian". 198.175.68.42 (talk) 17:05, 12 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: It is his citizenship not his nationality that is British. Sam Sailor 17:51, 12 January 2024 (UTC)

Vivekananda's voice
According to scholars, there's no voice recording of Swami Vivekananda available anywhere. All the voice recordings in his name are done by someone else. This was clarified by the Ramakrishna order in their official website here. Rim sim (talk) 15:38, 8 April 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 20 June 2024
Suggest adding external link:

https://www.wbez.org/curious-city/2024/05/09/how-are-honorary-street-signs-created-in-chicago

(A podcast reporter, responding to a listener question, tells the story of the Chicago connection of Swami Vivekananda while tracking down his missing honary street sign.) Mahargg (talk) 04:33, 20 June 2024 (UTC)

 * The site is requiring me to register in order to read the article. Using archive.is does not work on the site is not a work-around.  I don't support using such sites as references on Wikipedia except under extraordinary circumstances.  Marcus Markup (talk) 10:28, 20 June 2024 (UTC)
 * While the article requires registration to read, the audio podcast seems to be freely available, although its content is different from the text below, so it depends on which resource the OP was intending to share. WP:ELREG is the relevant guideline here. Liu1126 (talk) 03:53, 21 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Semi-protection-unlocked.svg Not done: According to the page's protection level you should be able to edit the page yourself. If you seem to be unable to, please reopen the request with further details.
 * Your account is autoconfirmed, so you can edit the article RudolfRed (talk) 01:48, 29 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Swami Vivekananda


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Talk:Israeli West Bank barrier/Archive 1

Name
As far as I know, there is not yet an article describing the Israel security wall. I was going to add something to Requested articles, but I don't know what to call the article...
 * Should it be Israel or Israeli in the title?
 * Is it a wall? partition? fence? barrier?

Suggestions? Kingturtle 08:00, 14 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * I would suggest Israel-Palestine Barrier, because all of wall, partition and fence are also barriers. CGS 08:25, 14 Nov 2003 (UTC).

 * What's wrong with Israel security wall? The current events page already has a missing link to it. My general feeling on article naming is that if it's the first thing that comes to mind then it's proabably the best name. We can make all kinds of redirects and discuss the "proper" name later, but start it with a "good enough" name and at least the article will get started instead of being stalled in committee. -- Merphant 08:41, 14 Nov 2003 (UTC)

This is the kind of thing I love trying. I wrote a perl script to find most common 2 and 3 word combinations on news.google.com and google.com using the top 100 hits using the search terms Israel and wall OR fence OR barrier OR partition OR divider OR enclosure OR fortification OR palisade.

 * Most common 1 word terms in title:
 * 132    barrier
 * 117    wall
 * 107    fence (next only had 3 hits)

"Apartheid Wall"
"The Israeli West Bank barrier (also called West Bank Security Fence, West Bank wall, or the Apartheid Wall by critics" Proposterous! So, why don't we mention that Palestinians are commonly called ragheads in the opening lines of that entry. It's certainly every bit as true. Wetman 00:28, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Most common 1 word terms anywhere:
 * 98     wall
 * 61     fence
 * 58     barrier (next only had 8 hits)

Based on that, I'd say "wall", "fence", or "barrier".

 * Most common 2 word terms in title:
 * 22     security fence
 * 18     security barrier (next only had 12 hits)

 * Most common 2 word terms anywhere:
 * 11     security fence
 * 8      israel wall
 * 7      israel's wall
 * 7      berlin wall
 * 6      security wall
 * 5      security barrier
 * 5      israel's barrier

"Israel security fence" looks good. "Israel security wall" might be best by single word frequency. I guess "Israel-Palestine" wall might be okay for the first part, but I don't see that often. Palestine ain't building the wall, so tht would not be my inclination. Daniel Quinlan 08:46, Nov 14, 2003 (UTC)

 * Great stats.
 * I'd say Israel security wall or Israel security wall. Wall gives me a concrete or earth feeling, but fence has hole in them, like in prison. I'm not sure what's the material of the Israeli one. --Menchi 08:50, 14 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * I'd go for "Israel security fence". From the pictures I've see of it, it's a few block on the ground with a chain link fence about 10-15 ft high ... here's some pic of it www.israelnewsagency.com/israelsecurityfence.jpg www.seamzone.mod.gov.il/Pages/Images/bitzua11.jpg ... reddi

 * Some bits are wall and some bits are fence. The more contested the area the stronger the barrier. From what I can tell the Israelis call it a fence and the Palestianians call it a wall. One lot of spin is that it is a security fence, the other that it is a partitioning wall akin to the Berlin wall. Have fun with your article. :) Secretlondon 13:37, Nov 14, 2003 (UTC)
 * Of course both sides will produce appropriate pictures ;) Secretlondon 13:39, Nov 14, 2003 (UTC)

 * Heres the isreali's site on it www.seamzone.mod.gov.il/Pages/ENG/execution.htm Israel security fence. reddi

 * I'd say "barrier". In some places it's a fence, in some places a concrete wall.  And there's more to it than just the physical wall - it's a system, with some depth - there are gates (which are a bit like airport security checkpoints married to bus terminii) and in many places a levelled strip. "Barrier" seems to me to capture that a bit better than either wall or fence (but then all the same things could be said about the Berlin Wall, and no-one called it the Berlin Barrier.) -- Finlay McWalter 13:44, 14 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * Yea, barrier may be better ... "Israel security barrier" with redirect of Israel security wall and Israel security fence ... it's officially (by the il.gov) called the "Seam Zone project". reddi

 * Israelis tend to call it "security fence", whereas Palestinians call it a seperation wall (note: seperation, not "security wall") or, in some cases, apartheid wall. I don't think there's any way to use either term without seeming POV.  Better would be to redirect, then to explain the different names in the first sentence.  "barrier" is a good fudge, but I wouldn't even mind using the official name, because nobody actually uses it. DanKeshet

My stats were of news sites via news.google.com, and that included a good number of (English web) Arabic news sites. I still think Israel security wall or Israel security fence are best, but I could live with Israel security barrier since barrier was also a relatively common word used to describe the structure. Daniel Quinlan 21:32, Nov 14, 2003 (UTC)

Well I started an article at Israel security fence since it doesn't seem like anyone else has yet. -- Merphant 00:57, 16 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * The word security is POV. I mean, one can argue that the wall is for Israel's security, but one can also argue that the wall is to nullify Palestine. Maybe it should be called West Bank wall....like the Berlin wall is so named. Kingturtle 01:01, 16 Nov 2003 (UTC)

The BBC call it a "barrier", so we wouldn't be alone in using that fudge. I think that's the best option, given Finaly and Reddi's points above. Martin 01:08, 16 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * As an FYI, english.aljazeera.net Aljazeera call it the apartheid wall while weekly.ahram.org.eg Al-Ahram calls it a seperation wall. "Security" is more of an NPOV problem than "fence" or "wall" IMHO; nobody pretends that it's going to offer security for Palestinians, with IDF posted on both sides.  DanKeshet

 * "Seperation" would be equally bad, because some seem to be claiming that there won't be any significant seperation. Israeli West Bank barrier would be one option - which would also have the advantage of distinguishing it from similar undertakings in the Gaza Strip. Martin 01:25, 16 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * Well, in truth, it is not completely a wall. Parts are just barbed-wire. Parts are just fence. So barrier the best word to use. However, security is POV. I'd like the name of this article to be Israeli barrier or West Bank barrier (to differentiate it with the possible Gaza Strip barrier of the future). Kingturtle 01:30, 16 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * Regardless of all the PsOV here, the 'fence' is only one component of a structure which also contains earth mounds, ditches, concrete slabs, barbed wire, lighting, CCTV, listening devices, no-mans-land, roadway, etc. The function of the structure as a whole can accurately be described as 'barrier'. The title of this page seems fair enough to me. Moriori 01:40, Nov 16, 2003 (UTC).

Official name
The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs uses the name: "anti-terrorist fence" and "security fence" in its official punlications, as well as the headlines. Check for example: MathKnight 11:58, 10 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * www.mfa.gov.il/mfa
 * securityfence.mfa.gov.il/mfm/web/main/missionhome.asp?MissionID=45187& The Israeli Diplomatic Network: The Anti - Terrorist Fence
 * www1.idf.il/DOVER/site/mainpage.asp?sl=EN&id=7&docid=32589.EN Anti-terrorist fence at Israeli Defence Forces website.

The barrier comes under the Ministry of Defence, not the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At the official site in Hebrew www.securityfence.mod.gov.il/Pages/HEB/default.htm, I can find only "security fence" (but I didn't follow every link). --Zero 13:50, 10 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Which United Nations body?
The article mentions the fence was condemned by "A United Nations report" as a "blatant grab for land." That doesn't sound like terminology someone like, say, Kofi Annan would use, so perhaps we should qualify this by saying who exactly issued the report. --Delirium 03:52, Nov 17, 2003 (UTC)

 * I've no idea myself, I was summarising from news articles. Delirium's right, of course. Martin 18:07, 17 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * My gut says it was probably one of the, er...I have no idea what to call them. The strange "lobbying groups" funded and inside the UN to lobby the UN, like the "Committee on the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People". No firm evidence, though. -Penta 11:07, 17 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Ha'aretz calls it the separation fence, so perhaps Israeli separation fence is the most NPOV title. Opinions? -- 213.73.231.245 23:45, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)

It's a tricky issue. Basically, those who argue it is for security call it a security barrier or security fence, those who argue it is for separation call it a separation barrier or separation fence, and those who argue it is for apartheid-style separation call it an apartheid wall. None of the terms is perfectly NPOV, really. I'd lean vaguely towards putting it at Israeli security barrier (its current location), as that's somewhat closer to its official title (and those who oppose it could take it as a wryly sarcastic name). We should mention the other names up-front though. Basically, put it at security barrier, and say "Israel calls it a security barrier but some opponents argue its real underlying purpose is [blah]". --Delirium 22:05, Jan 15, 2004 (UTC)

Zero deleted my side-remark that the Israelis deny Palestinian claims that the barrier will have various ill effects on the Palestinian population. www.seamzone.mod.gov.il/Pages/ENG/execution.htm here is the Israeli Defence Ministry website at which they specifically deny these claims. Adam 07:55, 25 Jan 2004 (UTC)

No they don't. I don't think you understand the language used on that page. What they claim is that "the route reflects a balance between the operational and humanitarian concerns". That's Israeli for "our security needs override your quality of life needs". Not the same thing at all. --Zero 11:07, 25 Jan 2004 (UTC)

OK so you don't accept the sincerity of their denials, and neither do I. That doesn't alter the fact that they deny that the wall will divide Palestinian communities, cut farmers off from their land etc. They do deny it. If you want to refute their denials, fine. But you can't just delete the statement that they deny it. Adam 11:16, 25 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * Please read it more carefully. It does not deny that any farmers are cut off from their land.  It only claims that efforts are made to reduce it:  "attempts are being made to avoid separating owners from their lands. In circumstances where such a separation is unavoidable...".  So they admit it happens, the case is only based on the frequency and the necessity.  They are hardly going to claim more than that when the Israeli press is full of stories about farmers separated from their lands.  That page does not deny that any communities are divided, either.  --Zero 11:38, 25 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Incidentally, the picture is of a section of temporary barrier and not what the final product looks like. If it's the temporary barrier between East Jerusalem and Abu Dis, it is currently being replaced by a 8-9m concrete wall. --Zero 11:38, 25 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Fine, fine, fine, I dare say you are right. I am a little distracted today and sick of arguing with people. It's not my article anyway. Incidentally I am surprised no-one has bitten at Arms sales to Iraq 1973-1990. Obviously I need to be more provocative. Adam 11:49, 25 Jan 2004 (UTC)

The official name of the Berlin Wall was obviously "The Antifascist Wall of Protection"... // Liftarn

-

If Gush-Shalom link have place, so does the link to the terror victims.
 * www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=383874&contrassID=2&subContrassID=1&sbSubContrassID=0&listSrc=Y Terror victims want to attend fence hearing at Int'l Court: "The move by the Organization of Casualties of Terror Acts comes in response to the court's decision to allow the Arab League to be a party to the hearing. (16/01/04)"

-

Security Aspects of the Barrier
Too many addition have been deleted by Zero without good reason.

Such as:
 * Maariv also queted Palestinian terrorists (January 23, 2004) claiming that the barrier have thwarted their suicide bombings attempts.

 * Some sections of the barrier, near Qalqiliya and Jerusalem, consist of a high concrete wall in order to protect Israeli car travelings on the nearby highways from gunfire.

The barrier has security functions that cannot be denied or be ignored.

 * The gunfire claim is now in the proper place and I also moved some other things. please try to preserve the article structure (description in one place, official opinions in another place, legal stuff in another, etc).  The reason I keep removing the Maariv "quote" is that I don't trust your report of it.  Bring us a link to the article, or an equivalent one.  --Zero 22:55, 26 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * Here is the quete (article itself in Hebrew): images.maariv.co.il/cache/cachearchive/23012004/ART634947.html - the article is by Amir Rapoport. A quote from it: "The fence is making it difficult to commit a suicide bombing (orginal word: PIGUA פיגוע) inside Israel".

Here is a translation of the entire article. I did it quickly, and rather than fix it up to conform to English style, I tried to be as literal as possible so that there is no confusion. It is my translation.
 * In a series of recently conducted investigations of active Palestinian terrorists, the bottom line was identical. "The fence makes it very difficult for us to get terrorist attacks out," those being investigated admitted. The people being investigated were arrested over the past few weeks in different regions of Samaria. One of them, a senior member of Islamic Jihad, said over the past few days that he was personally involved in attempts to get suicide bomber into Israel, but the fence prevented him from doing this.

 * "The things that the Palestinians are saying in the investigations are further proof of the efficiency of the fence," say senior official in the defense system [i.e., military, secret service, and Ministry of Defense, Danny]. In internal discussions conducted over the past few days in the Central Command, General Moshe Kaplinsky, Chief of Central Command, said that "The fence is even more effective in preventing terrorist attacks than I had estimated." The Central Command recently completed initial summaries of the effectiveness of the fence. These summaries show that in the first half-year since the fence was created, the section of fence stretching from Jenin in the north to Elkana in the center of the country [it is actually a settlement, but who is counting, Danny], the fence has prevented dozens of terrorist attacks. The summaries also found that in most areas, terrorists even had difficulty reaching the fence, since the surrounding area was defined as a special security zone where movement (or traffic, Danny) is forbidden. At the same time, the IDF has begun this week to collect testimonies and photographed materials from those areas in which the fence was erected, in preparation for the hearing on the fence in the International Court in the Hague next month. The materials being collected are intended to prove the effectiveness of the fence in preventing terror.

Hope this helps. Danny 00:33, 28 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Thanks, Anon and Danny. I added a sentence to the article. --Zero 00:46, 28 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Israel's Security Fence
I would like to suggest that we change the current URL  for one more neutral. -- ANON.

It's not the current article name, it's only a redirect. The main name is "Israeli security barrier", which I don't like either. I think "Israeli separation barrier" would be more NPOV, or if necessary just "Israeli barrier". --Zero 10:24, 30 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Vote for title
I think a vote for the name is in order here. I think the ideal solution is to do a separate (Condorcet) vote on every part: Dissident 02:59, 10 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * First adjective: Israeli, Israel, Israel-Palestine, West Bank
 * Second adjective (if any): security, partitioning, separation, apartheid, anti-terrorism, [none]
 * Noun: barrier, wall, partition, fence, applicance

added to Oasis, please join us there for further discussion, Zero0000

The reason why I made the title change was because the vote seemed to be going nowhere. I think that the current name is the most neutral one can think of; the Palestinians can say that the wall separates them from their own people and land, while Israel can say that it separates them from the terrorists. -- Dissident 02:35, 14 Feb 2004 (UTC)

I think your reasoning is terrible, but nevertheless "separation" is better than "security". To those who think it is an anti-Israeli name I'll say that in Israel the most common name (used by government spokespeople as well) is GADER HA'HAFRADA, "the separation fence". --Zero 07:13, 15 Feb 2004 (UTC)

What happened with the pictures? Some trouble with the server? // Liftarn
 * Dunno. The images won't come up for me either. Kingturtle 06:01, 19 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Zero, this barrier is a barrier to separate two groups of people and to control the movement of people across the barrier. In this way it is similar to a number of other barriers and walls, some constructed along borders, some on political boundaries, some on armistice lines, some whereever the builders wished to place the barrier. Examples in order: US-Mixico barrier, Berlin Wall, North-South Korea, Great Wall of China (and Hadrians Wall, etc). OneVoice 14:35, 20 Feb 2004 (UTC)

For each of those examples one can say how it is dissimilar. It is certainly unique in the modern world in the flouting of international law. Mintguy (T)

??? evidently people were saying the same things about the Saudi Yemen barrier...that would damage a claim regarding uniqueness OneVoice 15:32, 20 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Does anyone have an IRCR source for the statement "The IRCR said that it would have many fewer objections if the barrier followed the Green Line,"??? If not, it should be removed. It seems to contradict this quote: "The ICRC's opinion is that the West Bank Barrier, in as far as its route deviates from the "Green Line" into occupied territory, is contrary to IHL."www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList4/F06BB484D900B227C1256E3E00324D96 (emphasis added) OneVoice 15:56, 20 Feb 2004 (UTC)

After reading the ICRC statement...its seems undeniable that the location is the issue....changed to page to be and exact quote OneVoice 16:04, 20 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Note this item from the page regarding the UN resolution: "The construction by Israel, the occupying power, of a wall in the Occupied Territories departing from the armistice line of 1949 is illegal under relevant provisions of international law and must be ceased and reversed." (emphasis added.) OneVoice 16:15, 20 Feb 2004 (UTC)

I have no problem with the quotation now in the article, which agrees with what I had partly in paraphrase before. The comment about having less problems if the fence was on the Green Line was from Ha'aretz; exact text: ICRC official Balthasar Staehelin said that if the barrier were moved back to the Green Line - the boundary before Israel seized the West Bank in the 1967 Middle East War - "that would solve many of the problems as far as we are concerned." www.haaretzdaily.com/hasen/spages/395324.html

-

Shouldn't we have a photograph that reflects better the reality that this Security Barrier is about 97% chain-link and not concrete walls? This site has some photographs we might be able to use:

www.seamzone.mod.gov.il/Pages/ENG/default.htm

Orbis Tertius 07:06, 25 Feb 2004 (UTC)

''The barrier is not in fact a fence -- to call it that is highly misleading, as are narrow focus photos that show a fence but not the surrounding environs. While a photo of a pillbox is not representative, neither is a photo that doesn't show the ditches, razor wire, etc. that accompany the "chain-link fence". The site you mention does have photos of work in progress, e.g., www.seamzone.mod.gov.il/Pages/ENG/operational.htm. It's worth noting the description there: "a multi layered composite obstacle comprised of several elements ...". The full description looks accurate, and is of far more than a "chain-link fence". As this is an official Israeli site, the description is probably worth quoting in full, and I think it would pass NPOV muster.''

ICJ Ruling
If Israeli government decided to ignore the court and not to protect itself, who did then? Who represented the Israeli side? Or does the court make all investigations by itself? --Anton Adelson, Western Australia 20:40, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * My understanding was that the Israeli government declared that the court had no jurisdiction over plans for defense. They are also not one of the nations that signed up to be bound to the courts rulings. -  Tεx  τ  urε  20:46, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Nobody really represented the Israeli side. At the hearings, only pro-Palestinian speakers showed up. Israel decided not to send anybody, nor did anybody who supported the Israeli position (which was, basically, that it wasn't an issue the court had any right to rule on). Supporters of that POV included the US and several major European countries.

And, to top it off, nobody really can enforce the ICJ's rulings. It has no enforcement powers. It can only ask the UN to do something.

Given that the chances of the UN doing anything are slim to none, this is mostly a PR victory for the Palestinians. How much of one? Nobody knows. Even the idea of it setting a precedent could be questioned, if it just gets ignored....Which seems quite likely, as neither the US nor many major countries wanted the court to even rule.

Why did nobody want them to rule? Because: A. The Israelis already see Europe and the UN as biased, and adding fuel to the fire is unlikely to help anybody; B. It creates a nasty headache, in that Israel is probably likely to take any attempt to enforce said ruling as an attack against their sovereignty, given that they never signed up to jurisdiction by the ICJ for ANYTHING; C. The UN is damned if it does and damned if it doesn't. If it does, any hope of the UN ever having any impact on the Middle East is gone. If it doesn't, Palestinian propaganda will say the UN is an Israeli puppet. --Penta 22:09, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Your summary is highly misleading. The oral arguments are a trivial part of the process.  Most submissions to the court are done on paper and Israel submitted one of the largest documents.  Other countries supporting all or part of the Israeli position (eg the USA) also made lengthy submissions. So to say that the Israeli side was not represented is simply false. --Zero 02:52, 10 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Your summary is also misleading. The ICJ is (I understand it) a court of arbitration; i.e. two sides agree to arbitration and present their cases.  Israel did not agree to arbitration, nor did it present its case to the court.  Moreover, the ICJ simply has no jurisdiction in this area, a point affirmed by Israel, and I believe by the United States, Canada, the E.U., and even Russia.   As for the actual court "case" being "trivial", and the submissions of various interested parties being the "meat" of the trial, I find this idea to be wildly at odds with norms of jurisprudence. Jayjg 14:28, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Sorry but you are wrong on all counts. This was an advisory opinion, not an arbitration. Advisory opinions do not require the agreement of the parties involved in them.  The UN Charter (Article 96) clearly gives the UNGA the right to ask the ICJ for an advisory opinion on legal issues of its choosing, so you are wrong about jurisdiction.  In any case, the ICJ itself is the highest authority to decide on its jurisdiction and you can find this discussed in the judgment. Next, of the countries/groups you give none denied the ICJ's jurisdiction except for Israel. The others argued that the ICJ had the power to not give an opinion even if the UNGA asked for one and further argued that it should not give an opinion (not for legal reasons but on the grounds that it would complicate the peace process, or similar).  Israel argued that the UNGA acted improperly in various ways when it asked for the advisory opinion but the court ruled against that (see the judgement for a lengthy discussion on it).  The submissions are all visible at the ICJ web site.  Your last sentence makes little sense to me.  Most submissions to the ICJ are done in writing and some are briefly summarised verbally to the court.  This is normal for that court. I don't believe there was anything said verbally to the court that was not also put in writing, but there was lots in writing not said verbally. Moroever, the legal arguments made by Israel in its written submission are considered at length in the court ruling, so it is simply wrong to claim that they weren't heard.  --Zero 15:23, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * The UN Charter may give the ICJ the right to ask for an advisory opinion, but not in this case for a number of reasons. From the Israeli position paper: The request for the Advisory Opinion was outside the competence of the Emergency Special Session which made it. This Emergency Special Session was convened under the “Uniting for Peace” procedure. Under its own rules, this procedure is available only where “the Security Council, because of lack of unanimity of the permanent members, fails to exercise its primary responsibility for the maintenance of peace and security”. In the current case there has been no such failure by the Security Council. To the contrary, less than 19 days before the Emergency Special Session adopted the Advisory Opinion resolution, the Security Council exercised this responsibility by endorsing the Roadmap in resolution 1515 and declaring itself to be “seized of the matter”. The issue of requesting an Advisory Opinion, it should be noted, was never raised before the Security Council.
 * Additionally, the Uniting for Peace procedure provides that it is only applicable when the General Assembly is “not in session at the time”. On this occasion, however, the General Assembly was meeting in regular session at the very time the Emergency Special Session was convened to consider the advisory opinion request. Moreover, the “Resumed” nature of the Emergency Special Session - convened on 12 separate occasions since April 1997 is clearly at odds with the intent of a  procedure  which envisages the convening of an emergency session to address a specific issue of immediate concern.
 * As regards the jurisdiction of the Court, its Statute as well as the UN Charter provide that an Advisory Opinion can only be given on a “legal question”. The question posed in this case is so vague and uncertain as to be incapable of being considered a “legal question”. It gives no indication whether the Court is being asked to find that a given situation is unlawful, or merely to assume its illegality. Further, it asks the Court to ascertain “legal consequences” without indicating for whom, even though legal consequences cannot exist in a vacuum.

 * In other words, UNGA does have a right to ask for an advisory opinion, but not under these circumstances. There are many other reasons why the ICJ should have realized that it should not have attempted to arbitrate in this matter, and would indeed have realized that, were it not a political (rather than judicial) body. Jayjg 16:06, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't know why you bothered to copy all this stuff from the Israeli position. Not even the US supported these arguments.  They are all discussed and dismissed in pages 14-21 of the ICJ ruling. --Zero 04:11, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * The US did resist the ICJ to rule on the case as well as for what it ruled, a verdict which Powell called "illegitimate". And honestly, the ICJ ruling is whether a poor legal document, clearly noticed it is biased. MathKnight 10:00, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * 'This was an advisory opinion, not an arbitration.' So it wasn't really a judgement but merely an advice? --Anton Adelson, Western Australia 15:06, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Correct, though this is usually glossed over in the press, and attempts are often made to gloss over it here as well. Jayjg 02:35, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)

What about the cost?
I've seen wildly varying estimates of the barrier's cost per mile and en toto, shouldn't the article contain a paragraph about the projected cost, actual cost, rising cost, etc? Svigor

The IDF won't have enough troops to properly patrol even 1/2 of the fence when completed. The fact is is that the IDF wants the wall to cut off more settlements (along with the popular majority in Israel), but cannot say so because the military is an arm of the government.


text:
Category talk:Engineers

Category:Miscellaneous engineers
"Miscellaneous" is ambiguous. There is currently only 1 article. — Instantnood 07:26, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * This sub-category was listed for deletion on April 9, 2005. Consensus was to Delete. The following discussion from CFD is now closed and should not be modified.
 * Keep It's obviously intended to be ambiguous, and to serve as a waypoint in the creation of new subcategories as necessary.  It serves a useful purpose when you are in Category:Engineers and this fits under "subcategories" along with other specific branches, which are not all-inclusive.  It also gives people unsure of the subclassification a logical place to put them; somebody will probably eventually put it in a sharper category, if it is noticed in this subcategory.  Gene Nygaard 15:49, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I don't see any logical difference between putting an article in this category vs the parent category:engineers category. Also violates BOTH of the guidelines at WP:CG (although it is amusing to imagine an article which should obviously be in this category - perhaps it would start J. Doe was a miscellaneous engineer from a miscellaneous country who lived in a miscellaneous era of history ...). -- Rick Block 16:36, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No need for a "miscellaneous" category - just put those entries into the parent.   --Azkar 20:24, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I think Miscellaneous should be a banned word in category names.  I can't think of any case where just leaving it out wouldn't be better. --ssd 13:26, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ssd took the words out of my mouth. -- Linuxbeak 03:34, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Engineers


text:
Angelo Ponte

Angelo F. Ponte (April 20, 1925 – December 12, 2018) was an American mobster. He was reportedly active in the Genovese family's carting rackets for many decades. He was careful to cultivate political connections, and managed to have himself named a Knight of Malta by the Catholic Church.

Ponte was a target of the operation wasteland investigation. On January 28, 1997, he pleaded guilty to participating in a Mafia run operation to control and manipulate the cartage business in New York City. At the same hearing, his son Vincent pleaded guilty to paying a $10,000 bribe.

He was the founder of F. Illi Ponte Ristorante on the West Side highway and has extensive real estate holdings throughout the Lower West Side (Manhattan). Ponte died in February 2017 at the age of 92. He had four siblings: Vincent, John, Margaret, and Dina.

Notes and references
He is also a major character in the book Takedown: The Fall of the Last Mafia Empire by Rick Cowan. Ponte is one of four brothers Frank, Anthony, and Joseph. It is rumored to be that they are also part of the Genovese crime family.

title: Angelo Ponte


text:
List of prime ministers of Niger

This is a list of prime ministers of Niger since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Niger in 1983 to the present day.

A total of fifteen people have served as Prime Minister of Niger (not counting one Acting Prime Minister). Additionally, three persons, Mamane Oumarou, Amadou Cissé and Hama Amadou have served on two non-consecutive occasions.

The current Prime Minister of Niger is Ali Lamine Zeine, who was appointed by the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland led by General Abdourahamane Tchiani on 8 August 2023, following a coup that overthrew President Mohamed Bazoum and the government of Prime Minister Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou.

List of officeholders
{{legend||National Movement for the Society of Development (MNSD–Nassara)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism (PNDS–Tarayya)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||Democratic and Social Convention (CSD–Rahama)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP–Jama'a)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
 * Political parties

{{legend||Independent|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
 * Other factions

{{legend|#E6E6AA|Acting Prime Minister|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
 * Status

title: List of prime ministers of Niger


text:
Love Liza

Love Liza is a 2002 American tragicomedic drama film directed by Todd Louiso and starring Philip Seymour Hoffman, Kathy Bates, Jack Kehler, Wayne Duvall, Sarah Koskoff and Stephen Tobolowsky. The film is written by Gordy Hoffman, a playwright and the elder brother of Philip. Love Liza debuted at the 2002 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award.

Plot
Wilson Joel's wife Liza has, for an inexplicable reason, died by suicide. Wilson discovers a sealed letter from his wife, which he believes to be her suicide note. In his grief-stricken state and with the added stress of finding the letter, which he cannot bring himself to open and read, he forms an addiction to inhaling gasoline fumes ("huffing"). His mother-in-law Mary Ann tries her best to help her son-in-law and deal with her own loss at the same time. She becomes increasingly anxious to know the contents of the letter, but Wilson refuses to open it.

To hide his addiction from his coworker Maura, he informs her that the petrol smell in his house is from his hobby of flying remote-controlled planes. To try to engage an ever-distant Wilson, Maura asks her brother-in-law, Denny, a radio control (RC) hobbyist, to visit Wilson. Knowing Denny will soon visit him, Wilson heads to an RC hobbyist shop to buy a plane, and learns that model planes run on Glow fuel instead of gasoline.

When Maura eventually confesses her attraction to Wilson, he runs away from her and begins a road trip to New Orleans from Indiana. He grows more disoriented as he huffs on the trip, and stumbles upon an RC competition in Slidell, Louisiana. Wilson goes swimming in the lake, disrupting the RC boat races. Denny greets him on the shore with a towel, and explains to all the upset racers that Wilson just lost his wife to suicide.

Denny drives Wilson back home. Along the way, he encourages Wilson to open Liza's letter, but he is horrified when Wilson wants to do it in front of him. Wilson finds his house empty after a robbery, and believing to have lost his wife's letter has a meltdown and his addiction grows out of control; he loses a work opportunity when a client discovers him huffing glow fuel with neighborhood kids.

After breaking into Mary Ann's house to get pictures of Liza, Wilson finds all of her clothes and pictures, and her alone holding Liza's letter, which she hands over to him in sad but not angry silence. He returns home with the letter and finally opens it. His late wife's final wish is for Wilson to find someone else to love in life, while holding onto her in his heart. After he reads the final words of the letter, "Love, Liza," Wilson strikes a match found inside the letter and burns the letter. The gas fumes in the house ignite his clothes. Wilson peels them off and throws them to the floor, only igniting more fumes on the carpet. In his underwear, he walks out of his burning house down the road in the middle of traffic.

Production
When Gordy Hoffman wrote the screenplay for Love Liza, he did not originally envision his brother Philip for the lead role. Said Gordy, "In ’96, Phil and I just happened to both go home to Rochester for Labor Day weekend...I’d just finished Love Liza, and I gave it to him to read. I wasn’t even thinking about getting it made, it was just a matter of I’d finished something." Philip said of the script, "It was really, really good. I thought, It should get done, and then it was like, I’ll do it. It wasn’t like he asked me or I asked him.” The film spent over four years in development as the production sought financing and the script went through re-writes.

Love Liza was filmed in Mobile, Alabama and New Orleans in early 2001. Director Todd Louiso flew out Los Angeles-based actors at his own expense to fill out the film's supporting cast.

Release
Love Liza premiered in January 2002 at the Sundance Film Festival and went on to screen at the Toronto International Film Festival and London Film Festival. At Sundance, the film was awarded the Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award for Gordy Hoffman. The film was picked up for distribution by Sony Pictures Classics and went into limited release on December 30, 2002, ultimately grossing $223,426 worldwide.

Critical reception
On review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, Love Liza has an approval rating of 52% based on 87 reviews. The critics' consensus states: "Hoffman's performance is strong, but the lack of character development and story arc makes Love Liza unsatisfying."

Rex Reed of The New York Observer praised Hoffman's performance, believing that it could have the same kind of impact on his career as Leaving Las Vegas had for Nicolas Cage. Todd McCarthy of Variety wrote "the situations in the film are fresh and inventive and just plain odd enough to keep interest reasonably high. Still, it’s doubtful that the film would register nearly so well without Philip Seymour Hoffman in the leading role. Pudgy, pasty and squinty-eyed, Hoffman would scarcely stand out in a crowd, and yet, as he almost always has in his numerous impressive character turns, the actor here displays a live wire personality that makes him a magnetic figure even when portraying a state of thorough-going misery."

However, A. O. Scott of The New York Times stated that Hoffman's "omnipresence is something of a mixed blessing", given that the protagonist is "more a state of feeling than a character".

In 2014, Jordan Hoffman of Vanity Fair noted the way the film "tackled depression and substance abuse in a dark-as-hell comedy that takes on an additional layer of sadness [after Hoffman's death]".

title: Love Liza


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of rock musicians

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 20:02, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

List of rock musicians
In theory, this could be an interesting list - if it wasn't likely to be far too long to be viable or useful. As it is, it seems to have had just one name on it since its creation. Grutness|hello? 07:32, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Would a "list of rock musicians by country of origin" be more maintainable? Mgm|(talk) 10:38, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This makes more sense as a category, I would think. Conveniently, we already have one: Category:Rock musicians.  If someone really wants to sort them by country of origin, then that could be done as well: Category:American rock musicians.  --TenOfAllTrades | Talk 23:58, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- could be renamed to "List of notable rock musicians", but that would still be too long and rather POV. Haikupoet 00:02, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable —Wahoofive | Talk 04:55, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. A category makes more sense than a list for this. Angela. 20:50, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.