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Failure to thrive

Failure to thrive (FTT), also known as weight faltering or faltering growth, indicates insufficient weight gain or absence of appropriate physical growth in children. FTT is usually defined in terms of weight, and can be evaluated either by a low weight for the child's age, or by a low rate of increase in the weight.

The term failure to thrive has been used in different ways, as there is no single objective standard or universally accepted definition for when to diagnose FTT. One definition describes FTT as a fall in one or more weight centile spaces on a World Health Organization (WHO) growth chart depending on birth weight or when weight is below the 2nd percentile of weight for age irrespective of birth weight. Another definition of FTT is a weight for age that is consistently below the 5th percentile or weight for age that falls by at least two major percentile lines on a growth chart. While weight loss after birth is normal and most babies return to their birth weight by three weeks of age, clinical assessment for FTT is recommended for babies who lose more than 10% of their birth weight or do not return to their birth weight after three weeks. Failure to thrive is not a specific disease, but a sign of inadequate weight gain.

In veterinary medicine, FTT is also referred to as ill-thrift.

Signs and symptoms
Failure to thrive is most commonly diagnosed before two years of age, when growth rates are highest, though FTT can present among children and adolescents of any age. Caretakers may express concern about poor weight gain or smaller size compared to peers of a similar age. Physicians often identify failure to thrive during routine office visits, when a child's growth parameters such as height and weight are not increasing appropriately on growth curves. Other signs and symptoms may vary widely depending on the etiology of FTT. It is also important to differentiate stunting from wasting, as they can indicate different causes of FTT. "Wasting" refers to a deceleration in stature more than 2 standard deviations from median weight-for-height, whereas "stunting" is a drop of more than 2 standard deviations from the median height-for-age.

The characteristic pattern seen with children with inadequate nutritional intake is an initial deceleration in weight gain, followed several weeks to months later by a deceleration in stature, and finally a deceleration in head circumference. Inadequate caloric intake could be caused by lack of access to food, or caretakers may notice picky eating habits, low appetite, or food refusal. FTT caused by malnutrition could also yield physical findings that indicate potential vitamin and mineral deficiencies, such as scaling skin, spoon-shaped nails, cheilosis, or neuropathy. Lack of food intake by a child could also be due to psychosocial factors related to the child or family. It is vital to screen patients and their caretakers for psychiatric conditions such as depression or anxiety, as well as screen children for signs and symptoms of child abuse, neglect, or emotional deprivation.

Children who have FTT caused by a genetic or medical problem may have differences in growth patterns compared to children with FTT due to inadequate food intake. A decrease in length with a proportional drop in weight can be related to long-standing nutritional factors as well as genetic or endocrine causes. Head circumference, as well, can be an indicator for the etiology of FTT. If head circumference is affected initially in addition to weight or length, other factors are more likely causes than inadequate intake. Some of these include intrauterine infection, teratogens, and some congenital syndromes.

Children who have a medical condition causing FTT may have additional signs and symptoms specific to their condition. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) has been associated with FTT, and can present with characteristic findings including microcephaly, short palpebral fissures, a smooth philtrum and a thin vermillion border. Disorders that cause difficulties absorbing or digesting nutrients, such as Crohn's disease, cystic fibrosis, or celiac disease, can present with abdominal symptoms. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, abdominal distention, hyperactive bowel sounds, bloody stools, or diarrhea.

Cause
Traditionally, causes of FTT have been divided into endogenous and exogenous causes. These causes can also be largely grouped into three categories: inadequate caloric intake, malabsorption/caloric retention defect, and increased metabolic demands.

 * Endogenous (or "organic"):Endogenous causes are due to physical or mental issues affecting the child. These causes include various inborn errors of metabolism. Problems with the gastrointestinal system such as excessive gas and acid reflux are painful conditions which may make the child unwilling to take in sufficient nutrition. Cystic fibrosis, diarrhea, liver disease, anemia or iron deficiency, Crohn's disease, and coeliac disease make it more difficult for the body to absorb nutrition. Other causes include physical deformities such as cleft palate and tongue tie that impede food intake. Additionally, allergies such as milk allergies can cause endogenous FTT. FAS has also been associated with failure to thrive. Additional, medical conditions including parasite infections, urinary tract infections, other fever-inducing infections, asthma, hyperthyroidism and congenital heart disease may raise energy needs of the body and cause greater difficulty taking in sufficient calories to meet the higher caloric demands, leading to FTT.
 * Exogenous (or "nonorganic"): Exogenous causes are due to caregiver actions, whether unintentional or intentional. Examples include physical inability to produce enough breastmilk, inappropriate feeding schedules or feeding technique, and mistakes made in formula preparation. In developing countries, conflict settings, and protracted emergencies, exogenous FTT may more commonly be caused by chronic food insecurity, lack of nutritional awareness, and other factors beyond the caregiver's control. As many as 90% of failure to thrive cases are non-organic.
 * Mixed: Both endogenous and exogenous factors may co-exist. For instance, a child who is not getting sufficient nutrition for endogenous reasons may act content so that caregivers do not offer feedings of sufficient frequency or volume. Yet, a child with severe acid reflux who appears to be in pain while eating may also make a caregiver hesitant to offer sufficient feedings.

Inadequate caloric intake
Inadequate caloric intake indicates that an insufficient amount of food and nutrition is entering the body, whether due to lack of food, anatomical differences causing difficulty eating, or psychosocial reasons for decreased food intake.

Malabsorption/caloric retention defect
Malabsorption and caloric retention defects cause the body to the unable to absorb and use nutrients from food, despite an adequate amount of food physically entering the body.

Increased metabolic demand
Increased metabolic demand suggests a state of increased energy needs and caloric expenditure. This state causes greater difficulty taking in enough nutrition to meet the body's energy needs and allow for normal growth.

Epidemiology
Failure to thrive is a common presenting problem in the pediatric population in both resource-abundant and resource-poor countries. While epidemiology may vary by region, inadequate caloric intake remains the most common cause of FTT in both developed and developing countries, and poverty is the greatest risk factor for FTT worldwide.

Resource-abundant regions
Failure to thrive is prevalent in developed countries, with literature from Western studies demonstrating a prevalence of about 8% among pediatric patients. Presentations of FTT comprise about 5-10% of children seen as outpatients by primary care physicians and 3-5% of hospital admissions for children. Failure to thrive is more prevalent in children of lower socioeconomic status in both rural and urban areas. FTT is also associated with lower parental education levels. Additionally, retrospective studies done in the United States suggest that males are slightly more likely than females to be admitted to the hospital for failure to thrive.

Low-resourced regions
Failure to thrive is more common in developing countries and is mostly driven by malnutrition due to poverty. In an example of the high prevalence of FTT due to malnutrition, in India, about 40% of the population suffers from mild to moderate malnutrition and about 25% of pediatric hospitalizations are due to malnutrition.

Malnutrition is a global problem of great scale. Worldwide, problems with receiving adequate nutrition contributes to about 45% of all deaths in children younger than 5 years old. In 2020, global estimates of malnutrition indicated that 149 million children under 5 were stunted and 45 million were estimated to be wasted. In 2014, approximately 462 millions adults were estimated to be underweight. It is important to note that these reports are likely underestimating the true scope of the global burden.

Malnutrition can also be classified to acute malnutrition and chronic malnutrition. Acute malnutrition indicates inadequate or insufficient nutrient intake resulting in severe systemic degeneration. Globally, approximately 32.7 million children under 5 years are found to have visible and clinical signs of acute malnutrition. Severe wasting is seen in 14.3 million children within this age group. These disorders are primarily localized to resource-limited regions. In comparison, chronic malnutrition is a condition that develops over time and results in growth inadequacy with subsequent developmental, physical and cognitive delays. Around 144 million children worldwide are chronically malnourished.

Diagnosis
The diagnosis of FTT relies on plotting the child's height and weight on a validated growth chart, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) growth charts for children younger than two years old or the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts for patients between the ages of two and twenty years old. While there is no universally accepted definition for failure to thrive, the following are examples of diagnostic criteria for FTT:
 * Weight under the 5th percentile among children of the same sex and corrected age;
 * Weight for length below the 5th percentile among children of the same sex and age;
 * Length for age below the 5th percentile;
 * Body mass index for age under the 5th percentile;
 * Weight for age or weight for length dropping by at least two major percentiles (95th, 90th, 75th, 50th, 25th, 10th, and 5th) on a growth chart;
 * Weight below 75% of the median weight for age;
 * Weight below 75% of median weight for length; or
 * Weight velocity less than the 5th percentile.

After detection, the underlying cause of FTT must be diagnosed by a medical provider through a multifaceted process. Without determining what causes the growth problem, FTT is a wastebasket diagnosis. This process begins with evaluating the patient's medical history. The medical provider will ask about complications during pregnancy and birth, health during early infancy, previous or current medical conditions of the child, and developmental milestones that have been reached or not reached by the child. The child's feeding and diet history, including overall caloric intake and eating habits, is also assessed to help identify potential causes of FTT. Additionally, medical providers will inquire about any medical conditions that other members of the family may have, as well as assess the psychological and social circumstances of the child and family.

Next, a complete physical examination may be done, with special attention being paid to identifying possible organic sources of FTT. This could include looking for dysmorphic features (differences in physical features, such as an especially large or small head, that may indicate an underlying medical disorder), abnormal breathing sounds, and signs of specific vitamin and mineral deficiencies. The physical exam may also reveal signs of possible child neglect or abuse.

Based on the information gained from the history and physical examination, a workup can then be conducted, in which possible sources of FTT can be further probed through blood work, x-rays, or other tests. Laboratory workup should be done in response to specific history and physical examination findings. Medical providers should take care not to order unnecessary tests, especially given estimates that the usefulness of laboratory investigations for children with failure to thrive is 1.4%. Initial bloodwork may include a complete blood count (CBC) with differential to see if there are abnormalities in the number of blood cells, a complete metabolic panel to look for electrolyte derangements, a thyroid function test to assess thyroid hormone activity, and a urinalysis to test for infections or diseases related to the kidneys or urinary tract. If indicated, anti-TTG IgA antibodies can be used to assess for celiac disease, and a sweat chloride test can be used to screen for cystic fibrosis. If no cause is discovered, a stool examination could be indicated, which would give information about the function of gastrointestinal organs. C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) can also be used look for signs of inflammation, which may indicate an infection or inflammatory disorder.

Treatment
Infants and children who have had unpleasant eating experiences (e.g. acid reflux or food intolerance) may be reluctant to eat their meals. Additionally, force feeding an infant or child can discourage proper self-feeding practices and in-turn cause undue stress on both the child and their parents. Psychosocial interventions can be targeted at encouraging the child to feed themselves during meals. Also, making mealtimes a positive, enjoyable experience through the use of positive reinforcement may improve eating habits in children who present with FTT. If behavioral issues persist and are affecting nutritional habits in children with FTT it is recommended that the child see a psychologist. If an underlying condition, such as inflammatory bowel disease, is identified as the cause of the child's failure to thrive then treatment is directed towards the underlying condition. Special care should be taken to avoid refeeding syndrome when initiating feeds in a malnourished patient. Refeeding syndrome is caused by a shift in fluid and electrolytes in a malnourished person as they receive artificial refeeding. It is potentially fatal, and can occur whether receiving enteral or parenteral nutrition. The most serious and common electrolyte abnormality is hypophosphatemia, although sodium abnormalities are common as well. It can also cause changes in glucose, protein, and fat metabolism. Incidence of refeeding syndrome is high, with one prospective cohort study showing 34% of ICU experienced hypophosphatemia soon after feeding was restarted.

Low-resourced settings
Community-based management of malnutrition (CMAM) has been shown to be effective in many low resourced regions in the past two decades. This method includes providing children with ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) and then following up with their health at home or at local health centers. RUTF is readily-consumed, shelf-stable food that provides all the nutrients required for recovery. It comes in different formulations, is generally a soft, semisolid paste, and can be sourced locally, commercially, or from agencies like UNICEF. In terms of efficacy, clinical experience and systemic reviews have shown higher recovery rates using CMAM than previous methods, such as milk-based formulas. While this is an efficient outpatient method to address FTT, children with underlying pathologies would require further inpatient workup.

RUTF should be treated as prescribed medication to the child experience FTT, and thus should not be shared with others in the family. The recommended feeding protocol is 5-6 servings a day for about 6–8 months, at which time many children will fully recover. Children should have a follow-up every week or two looking at weight and upper arm circumference. Follow-ups can be decreased if there is progress without complications, but if the child is not improving, then further evaluation for underlying issues is recommended. After treatment has ended, the child's caretakers should be counseled on how to continue feeding them and looking for signs of relapse.

Prevention is an effective strategy to address failure to thrive in resource limited regions. Recognition of at-risk populations is an important first step in approaching prevention. Infections such as HIV, tuberculosis and conditions causing diarrhea can be causative factors in failure to thrive. As such, addressing these conditions can greatly improve outcomes. Targeted supplementation strategies such as ready-to-eat foods or legume supplementation are valuable tools for preempting failure to thrive.

Prognosis
Children with failure to thrive are at an increased risk for long-term growth, cognitive, and behavioral complications. Studies have shown that children with failure to thrive during infancy were shorter and lower weight at school-age than their peers. Failure to thrive may also result in children not achieving their growth potential, as estimated by mid-parental height. Longitudinal studies have also demonstrated slightly lower IQs (3–5 points) and poorer arithmetic performance in children with a history failure to thrive, compared to peers receiving adequate nutrition as infants and toddlers. Early intervention and restoration of adequate nutrition has been shown to reduce the likelihood of long-term sequelae, however, studies have shown that failure to thrive may cause persistent behavioral problems, despite appropriate treatment.

Etymology of the term FTT
FTT was first introduced in the early 20th century to describe poor growth in orphan children but became associated with negative implications (such as maternal deprivation) that often incorrectly explained the underlying issues. Throughout the 20th century, FTT was expanded to include many different issues related to poor growth, which made it broadly applicable but non-specific. It was often used to blame the mother. The current conceptualization of FTT acknowledges the complexity of faltering growth in children and has shed many of the negative stereotypes that plagued previous definitions.

In older adults
The same label is given to older adults, as a synonym for frailty syndrome and functional decline. They may struggle with instrumental activities of daily living (e.g., preparing meals for themselves), be at high risk for hospital admission, and need significant discharge planning to support a safe and healthy return home.

title: Failure to thrive


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The Official Preppy Handbook

The Official Preppy Handbook (1980) is a satirical reference guide edited by Lisa Birnbach and written by Jonathan Roberts, Carol McD. Wallace, Mason Wiley, and Birnbach. It discusses an aspect of North American culture described as prepdom. In addition to insights on prep school and university life at socially acceptable schools, it illuminates many aspects of the conservative upper middle class, old money WASP society. Topics range from appropriate clothing for social events to choosing the correct college and major.

The book addresses "preppy" life from birth to old age, lending understanding to the cultural aspects of "preppy" life. In general, elementary and secondary school, college, and the young adult years receive the most attention. Coverage lessens during the book's latter chapters. The book was first published in 1980 by Workman Publishing.

Overview
The Official Preppy Handbook explains and satirizes what it takes to be a preppy person in the 1980s, parodying the lifestyle of the WASP elite. Birnbach reveals through an ironic tone where preps go to school, where they summer, what brands they wear, and how they decorate their homes. Birnbach divides The Official Preppy Handbook into seven sections, each devoted to a different period of the preppy lifestyle. The Handbook begins by caricaturizing the childhood of a preppy person in 1980. Lisa Birnbach satirizes a prep’s ideal family lifestyle, and humorously advises readers how to pick, interview, and gain acceptance into a prep school. The book then wittily discusses “the best years of your life” – a prep’s college years. With tongue in cheek, Birnbach elucidates which college courses to take, how to design one’s dorm room, and how to party at college. In Chapters 5 and 6, the book explains the prep adult life as first a “young executive”, and later as a retired adult in “the Country Club Years”. Birnbach jokingly educates readers on navigating a cocktail party, networking, and vacationing. The Official Preppy Handbook also teaches readers how to dress preppily. In chapter 4, Birnbach emphasizes the importance of appearing effortless, preppy and casual, writing, “socks are frequently not worn on sporting occasions or on social occasions for that matter. This provides a year round beachside look that is so desirable that comfort may be thrown aside”.

Effect
The book's reflections on young urban professional culture inspired Arthur Cinader, the founder of the J. Crew clothing line. Cinader hoped to capitalize on the book's success.

The book also represented a resurgence of interest in preppy culture that aided the growth of retailer L.L. Bean, which the book describes as "nothing less than Prep mecca." The book's exposé of university life and the drug and sex culture at various schools had a significant impact on public thought about those schools. The book spawned many other "official" handbooks for other American subcultures.

The Handbook exposed preppy culture to the masses, and helped to democratize the preppy subculture. Prior to the book, primarily only wealthy WASP elites adopted the preppy subculture. From the 1920s, WASPs dominated American universities, and preppy fashion was traditionally worn on university campuses. However, as universities became less exclusive as a result of economic and cultural shifts, preppiness as a subculture became less exclusive. Preppy fashion adopted new nuances, and preppy culture has become more inclusive. By writing The Official Preppy Handbook, Lisa Birnbach helped to further democratize preppy fashion and culture. Birnbach explained in her introduction that the handbook is not intended as an exclusive text describing preppiness as subculture reserved for “an elite minority lucky enough to attend prestigious private schools”. Rather, the Handbook was written as a guidepost for the revival of the preppy style. It shared the secrets of the preppy code, making preppy seem “neat, attractive, and suddenly attainable”.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: The Official Preppy Handbook


text: Template:Nobility of Fiji

title: Template:Nobility of Fiji


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Ronald Rice

Ronald L. Rice (December 18, 1945 – March 15, 2023) was an American Democratic Party politician who served in the New Jersey State Senate from 1986 to 2022. He represented the 28th Legislative District. Rice is one of the longest-serving state senators in New Jersey history.

Early life
Rice received an A.S. from Essex County College in Police Science, a B.S. from John Jay College of Criminal Justice in Administration and Planning, and an M.A. from Rutgers University in Criminal Justice. He has also attended but never graduated from the Rutgers School of Law—Newark. He served as a Sergeant in the U.S. Marines from 1966 to 1970, in the Vietnam War. Before entering politics, Rice was a police officer with the Newark Police Department for eight years, then a security employee for PSE&G.

Newark City Council
Rice served 16 years on the Newark City Council (1982-1998), and he was the Deputy Mayor of Newark from 2002 until March 2006. He stepped down as deputy mayor in order to run for mayor. As dual office holding was not banned in New Jersey, he was able to serve on both the city council and in the State Senate at the same time.

New Jersey Senate
Following the death of John P. Caufield in August 1986, Rice was elected in a special election to serve the 28th district and was seated on December 4, 1986. He never received less than two thirds of the vote in any of his Senate general elections, though he faced close challenges in the Democratic primaries from Laurence Brown in 1997, Assemblyman Willie B. Brown in 2001, and Freeholder D. Bilal Beasley in 2007. He was one of only two Democrats in the Senate to vote no on two bills to legalize same-sex marriage in New Jersey in 2009 and 2012, the other twice-dissenting Democrat was Jeff Van Drew. Rice was one of New Jersey's presidential electors in the 2004 presidential election, for Democratic candidate John Kerry. He was a leading opponent of legislation in the 218th New Jersey Legislature to legalize marijuana in New Jersey, arguing that legalization would force urban neighborhoods to "struggle against the spread of 'marijuana bodegas' disguised as dispensaries".

Committees
Committee assignments for the current session (until his resignation on August 31, 2022) are:
 * Community and Urban Affairs, Vice-Chair
 * Joint Committee on Housing Affordability
 * Joint Committee on Economic Justice and Equal Employment Opportunities
 * Joint Committee on the Public Schools
 * Health, Human Services and Senior Citizens

District 28
Each of the 40 districts in the New Jersey Legislature has one representative in the New Jersey Senate and two members in the New Jersey General Assembly. The representatives from the 28th District for the 2022—23 Legislative Session are:
 * Senator Ronald Rice  (D)
 * Assemblyman Ralph Caputo  (D)
 * Assemblywoman Cleopatra Tucker  (D)

1998
Rice had run unsuccessfully for Mayor of Newark in 1998 being defeated by incumbent mayor (and future Senate colleague) Sharpe James, who won with 56% of the vote; Rice was in second, with 28%.

2006
On March 6, 2006, Rice entered the mayoral race again, noting "that Mayor James had encouraged him to run but noted that if the mayor decided to join the race, his candidacy could change." On March 27, 2006, James announced that he would not seek a sixth term, preferring to focus on his seat in the New Jersey Senate. On Election Day, May 9, 2006, Newark's nonpartisan election took place. Former City Councilman Cory Booker won with 72% of the vote, soundly defeating Rice, the runner-up, who received 23%.

Personal life and death
Rice left office on August 31, 2022, due to health issues. He died on March 15, 2023, in Newark, New Jersey. He was 77.

His son, Ronald C. Rice, is a former city councilman in Newark, New Jersey.

title: Ronald Rice


text:
Talk:St. Joseph Secondary School (Mississauga)

Made some changes..
Our enrollment is 1984, this coming from someone in yearbook... Secondly, we are in a suburban environment, not an urban one.Ihaveacomputer 04:54, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

I have updated the enrolment number to the most recent one listed by the board website. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.137.3.162 (talk) 01:13, 11 July 2008 (UTC)

Made two more changes. Another enrollment number change, and also a fix of ages. We have students from ages 13 to 19 due to late birthdays and students who stay behind for an extra year.Ihaveacomputer 04:58, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

I added information on the prostitution issue. The page previously mentioned that it was an "urban myth"- this is not true. There was in fact a prostitution scandal at St Joseph's, and I assure all readers, we do not have "better morals" than any other school in the board. I have no idea what the author was thinking by writing such a thing in this article, as it was completely inaccurate.Ihaveacomputer 21:04, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

VfD
On April 11, 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. The result was keep (no consensus). See Votes for deletion/St. Joseph's Secondary School for a record of the discussion. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 01:42, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)


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Wikipedia:Peer review/Jeb Bush/archive1

Jeb Bush
I have already submitted this matter for arbitration. Thank you for your message here. SummerFR 18:04, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry, but this article obviously has a heated content dispute problem first, and a need for advice on how to reach Featured standard only a distant second. I ask the poster or the other contributor involved to move it to Requests for comment, compare instructions at the top of this page. If you don't do it yourselves, one of the housekeepers here soon will. Welcome back with the article when its content has something approaching consensus! --Bishonen | talk 13:37, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

This article has had many recent updates by a new user, and has potential for featured article status, but is in need of some NPOV editing by someone familiar with Jeb Bush. In addition, there are disputes over many of the pictures used in the article, which appear to have been lifted from the state of Florida's website and do not have copyright tags on them. I have tried to address my concerns on the talk page and through contacting other users individually, but it has started to descend into an open dispute between myself and SummerFR in spite of all of my efforts to work together. I hope that by listing it on peer review some other users could help get this article to be both accurate and neutral, as well as helping with the photo issues.--BaronLarf 01:43, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

I have been harassed nonstop for the one week I have been here because of my attempt -- repeat: ATTEMPT -- to make my contributions to this article. The person above has repeatedly made false accusations against me as discussed on the discussion page for this article. He or she is apparently so concerned that Jeb Bush might get credit for one of his many achievements that the above USER is driving me crazy -- following me around, counting my edits and announcing the number when he posts on the article, constantly deleting photos and reverting my work, failing to answer my questions, and ignoring my responses to his questions, and ignoring an email from myflorida.com that he pestered me for under threat of action against me. This is not a "neutral" concern as he claims for "peer review." What he or she has done is called blantant harassment, and it is continuous and persistant against me.

I have never been as harassed as badly anywhere online as I have been on this site and I am familiar with many web site forums from all sides of the political aisle. The liberals at this site who hate Jeb Bush are really ruining this site for the people who want to learn about him. I am not doing any more work on this article for a week at least since my contributions are constantly destroyed for no reason. I am hoping to get rid of a migraine headache brought on by the above poster and others including a poster named JEZ. I appreciate the one wiki administrator who restored text to this article, MATINI2005, however no administrator is any match for the nonstop harassment by the above poster, BaronLarf. SummerFR 03:14, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I really do not believe that this is the place to air grievances, so I won't respond to them here. I am only trying to get others to look the article over.  Cheers.  --BaronLarf 03:23, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

"Peer Review" is for completed articles being nominated for an award and honor as "feature article." Since the JEB article is not finished, and since you are certainly not trying to honor it, this matter of your harassment against me really belongs in the forum I said, called arbitration. As you know so much about wikipedia, feel free to start the correct process. It is not "peer review." SummerFR 03:26, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

By the way, still waiting for your acknowledgement of Alia Farej, Gov Bush's spokesperson, and her email re the photo copyrights, and I posted that email and pointed it out to you repeatedly on the article discussion page. Yet, here, again, you are pretending no such email exists when it does, and it is posted. SummerFR 03:29, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC

From: "Faraj, Alia" [her myflorida.com email address deleted] To: [SummerFR] CC: [myflorida.com and Gov Bush] Subject: FW: Permission request to use myflorida.com phhotos on wiki entry about you Date: Sat, 23 Apr 2005 12:49:34 -0400

Hello [SummerFR],

I am checking with the appropriate people at MyFlorida and will get back in touch with you as soon as I get a response. Thank you very much for checking with us.

Sincerely,

Alia

________________________________

Original Message-

From: [SummerFR] Sent: Friday, April 22, 2005 9:12 PM To: Jeb Bush Subject: Permission request to use myflorida.com photos on wiki entry about you

Dear Gov Bush,

Is it OK with you that I post photos from myflorida.com in a wikipedia entry I am writing about you?

If there is someone else I need to contact, kindly let me know.

Below is a request I received from wiki, and my reply. I will be sharing

your reply here with wiki.

Thanks for your help.

Sincerely, [my real name deleted here in post on wiki page for Jeb discussion] aka SummerFR on wikipedia.com)

---

Nice of you to NOW mention "FEATURE ARTICLE STATUS" in YOUR NEW EDIT of your message, after I MENTIONED IT FIRST AND HAD TO EXPLAIN IT TO YOU JUST NOW ON THIS PAGE. SummerFR 03:47, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Peer review/Jeb Bush/archive1


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Talk:Universal indicator

[Colour range]
Does anyone know exaclty what the ranges of the colors are? EG. blue ~ pH x.xx to y.yy? Thanx 68.39.174.150 01:43, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * well i got some (maybe inaccurate) data from a ap chem lab, so...

0-2 is red 3 is peachy 4 is orange 5-7 are yellow 8-9 are greenish yellow 10 is green 11 is blue 12-14 is purple hope this helps, even though it's almost a year too late. M1ss1ontomars2k4 03:01, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

solution
Is it a solution or what? It seems like its a mixture or suspension but it really isn't clear. Also, is it the same stuff that is used in ph paper?
 * Depends- you can make pH paper with pretty much any indicator. When I made a red cabbage indicator, we also soaked paper in it to make indicator paper. However, universal indicator paper is made from UI. -- Dandelions 13:35, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

poisonous?
Is it poisonous? If you put three drops in a drink then would it poison you? Thanks =) yes it would...
 * You're scaring me right now... 212.137.63.86 (talk) 09:52, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

g
klk86.132.8.203 18:03, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

I made technical changes to this 6/30/07. I was uncertain about Wikipedia article formatting. I would like to thank whoever cleaned up my formatting. Is there a writers guide that I should check out?

Universal indicator is a very popular educational tool, and the article is now technically sound. Thanks again to the format editor.

Otis 14:24, 30 June 2007 (UTC) osrothen (AKA Otis)

Is Aphex Twin relavant as a see also?
Shouldn't this be changed to a 'This article is about the acidity indicator, for the artist see Aphex Twin'? Jorourke92 (talk) 14:46, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

Merge
I merged Disappearing rainbow indicator into this article. I couldn't verify much of the information on the Disappearing rainbow indicator, so not much was preserved. Perhaps some of it was original research, although it seems unusually that a variable mixture could have such definite properties as were described (density, boiling point, vapor pressure). Scientific29 (talk) 21:00, 27 January 2012 (UTC)

Who is "Yamada"?
The article mentions a man with the surname Yamada who invented the indicator. I can find plenty of other materials indicating that there indeed was a man named Yamada, but nobody seems to have bothered to attach a first name. The Yamada disambiguation page doesn't have an article for him. --65.128.179.240 (talk) 03:48, 23 April 2013 (UTC)

 * His first name (from the patent) appears to be 忍 (Shinobu).
 * 66.234.88.172 (talk) 06:44, 4 April 2023 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Universal indicator


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sweetback

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 20:19, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

Sweetback
This is a promo, copied verbatim from other webpages. Opie 01:45, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * NOTE: This is a copy-vio; voting is therefore probably no longer necessary. Master Thief Garrett 07:38, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, non-notable, promo, possible copy-vio. Master Thief Garrett 02:20, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, copyright violation. Megan1967 04:35, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Promo. jni 06:58, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Francis Newall, 2nd Baron Newall

Francis Storer Eaton Newall, 2nd Baron Newall DL (born 23 June 1930, in Surrey, England), is the son of Marshal of the Royal Air Force and Governor-General of New Zealand Sir Cyril Newall and his wife Olivia, and has served as a soldier, staff officer, diplomat, politician, legislator, businessman, and representative of the Crown in a variety of capacities.

Early life and education
Newall resided in his family's Surrey home before leaving for Cairo upon his father's appointment as Air Officer Commanding Middle East. There he remained for four years, returning again to Surrey from 1935 to 1941, at which point he and his family were moved to New Zealand following Sir Cyril's appointment as Governor-General. Unlike the rest of his family, he only remained two years: in 1943, having matriculated at Eton, he returned home, residing there and with strangers and friends of his parents from then until the end of his father's term of office after the end of the war, in 1946.

Military service
Newall remained at Eton until 1948, when he volunteered for Army service and was accepted to the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He remained there until successfully completing the course in the middle of 1950, at which point (following further gunnery training) he joined the 11th Hussars, then stationed with the British Army of the Rhine in Osnabrück, Germany. He served there and at Wesendorf for three years, commanding an armoured cavalry troop and being promoted Lieutenant in 1952 before the 11th was transferred to British Malaya (now Singapore and peninsular Malaysia) in 1953 to combat the increasingly powerful Communist insurgency there (see Malayan Emergency). During his service there, he served in a variety of roles, including intelligence, domestic pacification, and aide-de-camp to General Sir Charles Loewen, Commander-in-Chief Far East Land Forces. In 1956 he was promoted Captain and returned to Britain as adjutant to the Royal Gloucestershire Hussars, and served in a variety of roles thereafter until his 1961 retirement following contraction of jaundice in Omagh, Northern Ireland.

Business career
At this point, Newall entered the business world. He joined Arthur Guinness & Son and subsequently helped found Harp Lager. During this time he acceded to the peerage following his father's death in 1963, assuming his seat in the House of Lords as the Lord Newall. He remained with Guinness until 1966, taking a position as public relations spokesmen for Schweppes USA, Ltd, during which time he took a home in Connecticut. He returned to the UK in 1972 as managing director for Neilson McCarthy Public Relations, a position he held until 1975. He has continued to be involved in business since, and presently serves as Chairman of Code Circus Ltd, a web application development company.

At this time Lord Newall began to engage seriously in politics. He took his seat as a Conservative member of the Lords shortly following the return to power of Labour Prime Minister Harold Wilson, and served as an opposition spokesman and whip from 1976, his tenure ending upon the victory and accession to power of Margaret Thatcher. He continued dual involvement in both business and politics through 1983, at which time he entered continental politics as a delegate to the Council of Europe and Western European Union. He continued sitting in the Lords, holding his seat for a total of thirty-seven years and introducing six private members’ bills — four of which were passed – as well as making hundreds of speeches. Since losing his seat on the expulsion of the hereditary peers in the House of Lords Act 1999 he has become Co-Chairman of the Hereditary Peerage Association. He has also acted as a representative of the British parliament and the WEU on several occasions: notably, during annual visits from 1986 through 1993 to Romania, which included private meetings with President Nicolae Ceauşescu and members of his government; and, more recently, in Azerbaijan.

Lord Newall also takes active interests in both sports and charity work. He served for twelve years as chairman of the British Greyhound Racing Board and president of the World Greyhound Racing Association. He has been president of SPANA (Society for the Protection of Animals Abroad), chairman of the Lord Barnby Charitable Association and of the British Moroccan Society, and a committee member for the Not Forgotten Association, which works to provide services for disabled British servicepeople. He is also honorary president of the Committee for Release of Tindouf Prisoners, which campaigns for the release of a great many of the longest-held prisoners in the world who are held in dreadful conditions in a concentration camp in Algeria.

Family
Lord Newall has three children – daughter Miranda and sons Richard and David – nine grandchildren and seven great-grandchildren with his wife Panna; they have been married since c. 1957. The garden of his home in Buckinghamshire, where he has resided since c. 1975, is open to the public.

title: Francis Newall, 2nd Baron Newall


text: User:Snagari

title: User:Snagari


text:
Proclamation of Rebellion

The Proclamation of Rebellion, officially titled A Proclamation for Suppressing Rebellion and Sedition, was the response of George III to the news of the Battle of Bunker Hill at the outset of the American Revolution. Issued on 23 August 1775, it declared elements of the American colonies in a state of "open and avowed rebellion". It ordered officials of the empire "to use their utmost endeavours to withstand and suppress such rebellion". The 1775 proclamation of rebellion also encouraged subjects throughout the empire, including those in Britain, to report anyone carrying on "traitorous correspondence" with the rebels to be punished.

Implementation
The Proclamation of Rebellion was drafted before Colonial Secretary Lord Dartmouth had been given a copy of the Second Continental Congress's Olive Branch Petition. Because King George III refused to receive the colonial petition, the Proclamation of Rebellion of 23 August 1775 effectively served as an answer to it.

On 27 October, North's Cabinet expanded on the proclamation in the Speech from the Throne read by King George III at the opening of Parliament. The King's speech insisted that rebellion was being fomented by a "desperate conspiracy" of leaders whose claims of allegiance to the King were insincere; what the rebels really wanted, he said, was to create an "independent empire". The speech indicated that King George intended to deal with the crisis with armed force and was even considering "friendly offers of foreign assistance" to suppress the rebellion without pitting Briton against Briton. A pro-American minority of members within Parliament at the time warned the government was driving the colonists towards independence, something many colonial leaders insisted they did not desire.

American response
On 6 December 1775, the Continental Congress issued a response to the Proclamation of Rebellion saying that, while they had always been loyal to the King, Parliament never had legitimate claim to authority over them, because the colonies were not democratically represented. Congress argued it was their duty to continue resisting Parliament's violations of the British Constitution, and that—while they continued to hope to avoid the "calamities" of a "civil war"—would retaliate if any supporters in Great Britain were punished for "favouring, aiding, or abetting the cause of American liberty."

The King's proclamation and the speech from the throne undermined moderates in Congress like John Dickinson, who had been arguing the King would find a way to resolve the dispute between colonies and Parliament. When it became clear George III was not inclined to act as a conciliator, attachment to empire was weakened, and a movement towards independence became a reality, culminating in America's Declaration of Independence on 4 July 1776.

Revocation
King George III addressed the opening session of Parliament on 5 December 1782 in a Speech from the Throne. It was his first address since the resignation of Lord North as his wartime Prime Minister, which was delivered in the last session at Parliament's resolution to end offensive war in North America. In the intervening time the King assured his Lords and Gentlemen that he had lost no time ordering the end of "the further prosecution of offensive war upon the continent of North America".

After considering his option to renounce the British crown and retire to his German estates as Prince of Brunswick in the Holy Roman Empire, George III reassured Parliament that he would follow the wishes of "my Parliament and my people" as he had promised at his coronation Speech from the Throne. George III then reported to the joint session that he had offered the American Congress his declaration of the rebelling North American colonies as "free and independent states" in the final treaty of peace and gave notice to Parliament that had been agreed upon, as well as other preliminary terms.

His closing remark on American independence was, "Religion, language, interest, affections may, and I hope will, yet prove a bond of permanent union between the two countries. To this end, neither attention nor disposition shall be wanting on my part."

title: Proclamation of Rebellion


text:
Talk:Little House on the Prairie (book)

Three articles have been merged into Little House on the Prairie:

 * Little House on the Prairie (book)
 * Little House on the Prairie (book series)
 * Little House on the Prairie (TV series)

The subject matter is too closely related for it to be seperate articles, and is more comprehensible and valuable as a single article. Stbalbach 01:47, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Little House on the Prairie (book)


text:
Talk:Little House on the Prairie (book series)

Three articles have been merged into Little House on the Prairie:

 * Little House on the Prairie (book)
 * Little House on the Prairie (book series)
 * Little House on the Prairie (TV series)

The subject matter is too closely related for it to be seperate articles, and is more comprehensible and valuable as a single article. Stbalbach 01:47, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Little House on the Prairie (TV series)

Untitled
Three articles have been merged into Little House on the Prairie:

 * Little House on the Prairie (book)
 * Little House on the Prairie (book series)
 * Little House on the Prairie (TV series)

The subject matter is too closely related for it to be seperate articles, and is more comprehensible and valuable as a single article. Stbalbach 01:47, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Locations
This article states that "The show revolves around Charles Ingalls (Michael Landon), a homemaker and patriarch who has trouble making ends meet with his family in Plum Creek, Minnesota. He and his wife, Caroline (Karen Grassle), move to Walnut Grove, Minnesota, in search for a better and more prospering community." According to my map, Walnut Grove is right next to Plum Creek, so they move about 1 mile in all? Or down to Kansas (in the Pilot episode) and right back where they came from? Supermagle 09:17, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Pilot Episode
In Europe the Pilot Movie is added to Season 1.

I can't find any evidence of this. Could somebody clarify if this is actually true?

I've bought my Season 1 DVD Set in Germany and I can confirm that it has the full Pilot movie added. (83.20.138.9 23:05, 13 January 2007 (UTC))

Mdcollins1984 10:31, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

I made a minor edit to the material under the "plot" heading, but this page is an absoulte mess with much material non-neutral and non-encyclopedic in tone and miscatergorised. I will try to do some cleanup later,but hope to get some help.

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Ruth Foster as "herself"!
Have edited the note that this actress played "herself" on the show. Apart from being impossible - Ruth was not an actual historical 19th Century figure (if she was she looked very good for her age) - it is also simply untrue. Although she shares a surname with the character - not the only incidence of this in TV/Film history - the character's first name was Matilda.

Grace
Grace is mentioned both in main cast and recurring cast. Is this ok? Arthena(talk) 14:44, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

 * This is either old/obsolete and should be archived/deleted as it refers to content no longer visible or it is not clear, to which Grace it refers. There are at least three of them: Grace Ingalls (seasons 5-8, youngest daughter of the Ingalls family), Grace Snider Edwards (seasons 1-3) and Grace Mears (episode 4x17: "Be My Friend" only). The last is at the moment not visible in the article. It is the baby found by Laura and returned to its mother (Anna Mears) at the end of the episode. --PhChAK (talk) 10:27, 10 September 2011 (UTC)

What was the show actually about?
There doesn't seem to be any description of what this TV show is actually about. Some kind of family drama, presumably. I think that should be in the introduction, surely? I'm not a fan of the show, so I don't feel qualified to write this. Grand Dizzy (talk) 00:25, 7 July 2008 (UTC)

Request for comment on articles for individual television episodes and characters
A request for comments has been started that could affect the inclusion or exclusion of episodes and characters, as well as other fiction articles. Please visit the discussion at Wikipedia_talk:Notability_(fiction). Ikip (talk) 11:26, 29 January 2009 (UTC)

Setting?
It's not clear from this article where & when the series was set. Reading part-way through it mentions that the appearance of an aeroplane is an anachronism, but if this is a period setting it should be mentioned in the introduction. Likewise the location. Niki2006 (talk) 22:55, 21 September 2009 (UTC)

Ratings
It was not the number one show during the 1974-75 season. 'All in the Family' was, according to the Nielsen ratings. Check any reference book about TV of that period. If someone has some evidence LHOTP was number one that season, cite it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.143.202.206 (talk) 23:57, 4 March 2010 (UTC)

Patrick Loubatière
Patrick Loubatière is not Québécois, but French. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.193.112.76 (talk) 20:36, 2 October 2010 (UTC)

Little Mosque?
Should there be a reference on this page to the Canadian TV series "Little Mosque on the Prairie"? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.57.249.250 (talk) 01:04, 13 October 2010 (UTC)

criticism
The article makes no reference to any critical views of the show. These were not limited to TV critics -- in WKRP in Cincinatti, Herb Tarlek describes "Little House" as being about "blind people in the West". WilliamSommerwerck (talk) 17:28, 16 June 2011 (UTC)

Year of location?
The Wikipedia article says the series is located during the 1870s and 1880s. Is there any proof of this? Fashions look 1900-1910, NOT 1880s. Please someone do the research about it; in the meanwhile, I'll delete those dates from the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.100.92.37 (talk) 16:17, 16 September 2011 (UTC)

It is more than clear, watching the series, which temporalizes in the 1870s. There are many references in the chapters. We can see the first years of the town, but not their establishment--181.27.185.104 (talk) 23:20, 5 February 2016 (UTC)

Cast of characters
It says: ''Melissa Gilbert has the most appearances of the series. She was absent for 13 episodes, for a total of 190 of the 205 episodes.'' That math does not add up. If some episodes are considered "double" (or what have you), this should be clarified. Thanks. Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 17:36, 4 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Good catch. Instead of changing the number, I just took out "She was absent for 13 episodes". Thanks. --Musdan77 (talk) 03:41, 5 January 2016 (UTC)

I would like to clarify that the character baby “Rose” was played by the Coleman twins (Jennifer and Sarah), and the young/toddler “Rose” was played by the Steffin twins (my daughters Jennifer and Michelle), but in only TWO of the three movies produced after season 9. Specifically “Bless All The Dear Children” and “The Last Farewell.” — Preceding unsigned comment added by Steffinwolf (talk • contribs) 12:17, 14 April 2024 (UTC)

Inconsistencies
Should there not be something about the consistencies found in the series? For example, there are several people who are supposed to become 'members' of the community who never appear again in the series. Two examples are Doctor Caleb Ledoux and his wife (Season 8, episode 4) and 'Little Lou' (Season 9, Episode 5). If they become members of the community, then why do we never see them again?

Then, in Season 9, it is mentioned at the end of episode 17 that the Albert would later return to Walnut Grove as 'Doctor Ingalls', yet in the first post series movie ('Little House: Look Back to Yesterday') it is strongly indicated that Albert would end up dying from Leukemia. --Reverend Edward Brain, D.D. (talk) 02:00, 27 June 2017 (UTC)

Dead Links in References
Reference 4 points to http://www.pioneerontheprairie.com/kent_mccray_story.htm, which is no longer a valid address. I thought the reference referring to the emotional reaction of the producers to the theatrical town being blown up would be an interesting read, but instead landed on - to my disbelief - a website advertising locals wanting casual sexual encounters, complete with pictures of naked ladies. Now, I remember Little House on the Prairie and you could never say it had naked ladies showing their wares in it. I clicked the link again in the hope that it was a one-off intercept, and found myself on another page requesting details from me. When I provided http://www.pioneerontheprairie.com in the browser address bar, it rendered one of those generic address-placeholder pages with loads of junk links. So, I recommend the link on the reference be remove in the interest of decency and non-confusion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Qljsystems (talk • contribs) 02:45, 16 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Thank you for pointing this out. Rather than delete this reference, an archived version has been added. Hope you can now enjoy the read.-- ☾Loriendrew☽  ☏(ring-ring)  00:10, 24 January 2018 (UTC)

Little Mosque on the Prairie
Not sure where in this article this would belong, but the Canadian sitcom Little Mosque on the Prairie spoofs this series a bit by way of not only its title, but also by using an adaptation of the series' logo. (The show itself is not a spoof, being set in the present day and not adapting any of Alcott's concepts or that of Little House the series.) 70.73.90.119 (talk) 14:21, 17 September 2021 (UTC)

 * No need for spoof site being connected to this page. Steffinwolf (talk) 19:26, 16 April 2024 (UTC)


text:
User:Ktz~enwiki

I am ja:user:ktz and mainly translate en:article into ja.

title: User:Ktz~enwiki


text:
Above the line

Above the line may refer to:

 * Above the line (filmmaking), an accounting term used in film production to denote expenditures that occur prior to filming
 * Above-the-line deduction, a type of tax deduction in the United States of America
 * Above the line (advertising), advertising involving mass media
 * A component of contract bridge scoring
 * The group voting ticket option in Australian elections
 * Above the Line, the colloquial name for the Research and Development Expenditure Credit technology tax relief scheme in the UK

title: Above the line


text:
Entry-level job

An entry-level job is a job that is normally designed or designated for recent graduates of a given discipline and typically does not require prior experience in the field or profession. These roles may require some on-site training. Many entry-level jobs are part-time and do not include employee benefits. Recent graduates from high school or college usually take entry-level positions. Entry-level jobs targeted at college graduates often offer a higher salary than those targeted at high school graduates. These positions are more likely to require specific skills, knowledge, or experience. Most entry-level jobs offered to college graduates are full-time permanent positions and some offer more extensive graduate training programs. While entry-level jobs traditionally required no experience, the Great Recession produced a surplus of college graduates on the job market and eliminated many entry-level positions.

United States
In the United States, post-COVID entry-level jobs increasingly require experience to qualify, though applicants struggle to get the requisite experience.

title: Entry-level job


text: File:Bantha.png

title: File:Bantha.png


text:
Talk:2nd Canadian Parliament

Untitled
I'm curious why the cleanup tag is on this article when it looks pretty much identical in layout to all the other articles on Canadian Parliaments. What specifically needs to be cleaned up? --Randolph 01:52, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It doesn't. The cleanup tag is overused. This article could use a slight introductory paragraph, but it's perfectly "clean". func (talk) 00:38, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/default.asp?Language=E&Page=Publications&doc=min/min_01_e.htm
 * In 1st Canadian Parliament on 2011-05-25 06:51:56, 404 Not Found
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--JeffGBot (talk) 06:13, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 2
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

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 * In 10th Canadian Parliament on 2011-05-23 02:09:08, 404 Not Found
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--JeffGBot (talk) 06:13, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 3
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/process/House/asp/Elections.asp?Language=E&gen=Y&Hist=Y
 * In 10th Canadian Parliament on 2011-05-23 02:09:09, 404 Not Found
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--JeffGBot (talk) 06:14, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 4
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/people/house/OppLeader.asp?lang=E&Hist=Y
 * In 10th Canadian Parliament on 2011-05-23 02:09:08, 404 Not Found
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--JeffGBot (talk) 06:14, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 5
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/people/key/pm/index.asp?Language=E&param=pi&param2=gen
 * In 10th Canadian Parliament on 2011-05-23 02:09:09, 404 Not Found
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--JeffGBot (talk) 06:14, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 6
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/people/key/hf-parl-off/index.asp?Language=E&param=24&id=13&id2=29
 * In 10th Canadian Parliament on 2011-05-23 02:09:09, 404 Not Found
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--JeffGBot (talk) 06:14, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 5 one external links on 2nd Canadian Parliament. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060504214348/http://www.parl.gc.ca:80/information/about/process/House/asp/Elections.asp?Language=E&Hist=Y&gen=Y to http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/process/House/asp/Elections.asp?Language=E&gen=Y&Hist=Y
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050914163314/http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/process/info/parl-dates.asp?lang=E&Hist=Y to http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/process/info/parl-dates.asp?lang=E&Hist=Y
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070311060420/http://www.parl.gc.ca:80/information/about/people/house/OppLeader.asp?lang=E&Hist=Y to http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/people/house/OppLeader.asp?lang=E&Hist=Y
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060427095217/http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/people/key/pm/index.asp?Language=E&param=pi&param2=gen to http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/people/key/pm/index.asp?Language=E&param=pi&param2=gen
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060917033025/http://www.parl.gc.ca:80/information/about/people/key/hf-parl-off/index.asp?Language=E to http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/people/key/hf-parl-off/index.asp?Language=E&param=24&id=13&id2=29

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title: Talk:2nd Canadian Parliament


text:
Both Sides Now (Joni Mitchell album)

Both Sides Now is a concept album and studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell that was released in 2000. It is her 17th studio album. The album won two Grammy Awards in 2001 for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album and Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s) for the song "Both Sides Now" and a Juno Award for Vocal Jazz Album of the Year.

Background and release
The album traces the progress of the modern relationship through Mitchell's orchestral renditions of classic jazz songs. Two of her own songs are included: "A Case of You" (1971) and "Both Sides Now" (1969). The orchestra was arranged and conducted by Vince Mendoza.

In the liner notes, co-producer Larry Klein describes the album as "a programmatic suite documenting a relationship from initial flirtation through optimistic consummation, metamorphosing into disillusionment, ironic despair, and finally resolving in the philosophical overview of acceptance and the probability of the cycle repeating itself".

A limited run of copies was released on February 8, 2000, in chocolate box packaging for Valentine's Day with several lithographs of Mitchell paintings. A jewel case edition was released on March 20, 2000.

On tour, Mitchell performed the songs in the same sequence as the album, but she opened with the overture "Nuages", the first movement from Nocturnes, an orchestral suite composed by Claude Debussy. "Nuages" is the French word for "clouds". Although the music sets a romantic mood, the use of this piece can be seen as a pun since Clouds is the name of the album on which the song "Both Sides Now" made its appearance.

Personnel

 * Joni Mitchell – vocals
 * Mark Isham – trumpet
 * Richard Henry – bass trombone
 * Dave Stewart – bass trombone
 * Owen Slade – tuba
 * Wayne Shorter – soprano and tenor saxophone
 * Skaila Kanga – harp
 * Herbie Hancock – piano
 * David Arch – piano
 * Chuck Berghofer – bass guitar
 * Mike Brittain – bass guitar
 * Mary Scully – bass guitar
 * Chris Laurence – double bass
 * Peter Erskine – drums
 * Frank Ricotti – percussion
 * Andrew Findon – flute
 * Helen Keen – flute
 * Jamie Talbot – flute, alto flute, clarinet, alto saxophone
 * Philip Todd – flute, alto flute, clarinet
 * Stan Sulzmann – flute, clarinet
 * Nicholas Bucknall – clarinet
 * John Anderson – oboe
 * Sue Bohling – oboe, cor Anglais
 * Anthony Pike – clarinet, bass clarinet
 * Iain Dixon – clarinet, bass clarinet
 * Julie Andrews – bassoon
 * Gavin McNaughton – bassoon
 * Richard Skinner – contrabassoon
 * Andy Crowley, Derek Watkins, Gerard Presencer, John Barclay, Steve Sidwell – trumpet
 * Hugh Seenan, John Pigneguy, Michael Thompson, Nigel Black, Paul Gardham, Philip Eastop, Richard Watkins – French horn
 * Neil Sidwell, Pete Beachill, Peter Davies, Richard Edwards – trombone
 * Antonia Fuchs, Ben Cruft, Boguslaw Kostecki, Cathy Thompson, Chris Tombling, David Woodcock, Dermot Crehan, Everton Nelson, Godfrey Salmon, Jackie Shave, Jim McLeod, Jonathan Strange, Julian Leaper, Katherine Shave, Maciej Rakowski, Matthew Scrivener, Michael McMenemy, Patrick Kiernan, Perry Montague-Mason, Peter Oxer, Rebecca Hirsch, Rita Manning, Roger Garland, Simon Fischer, Vaughn Armon, Warren Zielinski, Wilf Gibson – violin
 * Bill Benham, Bruce White, Catherine Bradshaw, Donald McVay, Ivo Van Der Werff, Katie Wilkinson, Peter Lale, Rachel Bolt – viola
 * Anthony Pleeth, Davd Daniels, Frank Schaefer, Helen Liebmann, Martin Loveday, Paul Kegg, Tony Lewis – cello
 * Gavyn Wright – concertmaster, violin
 * Vince Mendoza – arranger, conductor
 * Gordon Jenkins – co-arranger on "Stormy Weather"

title: Both Sides Now (Joni Mitchell album)