text:
Talk:Cadillac Eldorado

Eldorado Brougham section delete
Why was the 1957-1960 Eldorado Brougham section deleted? As best as I can tell, at one time the Eldorado Brougham section was independent, then incorporated into this article, and then on April 1, 2009 removed. I can't figure out why. I admit my absolute newbie status; but I can't see any violations (unless the photo of the Brougham was inappropriate, and then it should have been deleted with the information text retained). I'm not adept enough to reconstruct this, but please return the Eldorado Brougham section to as it was on March 31, 2009. Thank you. PVarjak (talk) 21:12, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

Was there a factory convertible of the final Eldorado body style? A dealer near here has an "ESC convertible" that looks stock, but I never heard of such a thing. A quick google search turned up nothing conclusive. --SFoskett 14:02, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

Nope. All such that exist are custom jobs. Could that be ASC? I think American Sunroof Corporation may have made up a batch. RivGuySC 18:24, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

First Generation
I don't believe the 1954 Eldorado should be included with the 1953 as "first generation". It was a unique body style (for Cadillac; I'm not counting the similarly-bodied 1953 Oldsmobile Sierra) that was not continued into 1954.

63.202.42.120 (talk) 18:00, 17 August 2010 (UTC)

The 1960s
Cadillac Eldorado -- The 1960s -- To avoid image stackups into the next section, I co-aligned two Cadillac images together in a  and then added a forced break before the next section.

More on Wikipedia's Picture Tutorial Mardus 01:16, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

1971 Eldorado
I just added my stock '71 convertible to the mix. If the photos are improperly placed, feel free to move them. Wwmitchell 01:30, 26 December 2006 (UTC)Bill Mitchell

1986–1991 model and a consultant's prediction

 * "News reports later indicated that GM had been led astray by a consultant's prediction that gasoline would be at $3 per US gallon in the U.S. by 1986 and that very small luxury cars would be in demand."

The consultant's prediction was ultimately correct, but off by 20 years :-). Is it thus possible to claim that seventh generation (1986–1991) Eldorados' fuel economy is still reasonable with what the current petrol prices are in North America — compared both to previous and later models, which appear to have a more dismal fuel economy? -Mardus 17:32, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

Copyvio?
Is this a copyvio from there -- http://www.cadillac.kiev.ua/cadillac-eldorado.html -- or here?? -Mardus 18:19, 12 August 2007 (UTC) Hi, I have a 1991 eldorado touring coupe in black. I ordered the car new. There were some errors in the description. First off the final drive ratio is 3.08. Second, the Bose stereo, both available in cassette or cd was an extra cost option on touring coupe, not standard, as was the extra cost sunroof and the extra cost heated windshield. I didn't get the cd player as they skipped badly at this time, with no buffer memory, and the windshield with the heated wires prevented radar detectors from working. Overall it is a great car. I keep it as a "nice day car " now. Any questions can be referred to nickm63@aol.com. Nickm63 (talk) 15:48, 4 December 2011 (UTC)

The Last Cadillac
IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT THE ELDORADO WAS THE LAST OF THE REAL CADILLACS....AND THAT IT WAS A SAD DAY WHEN OUR SOCIETY TOSSED IT ASSIDE! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.160.242.107 (talk) 12:12, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

Not that I disagree, but pretty sure this would count as violating NPOV. 86.139.15.170 (talk) 01:54, 8 April 2008 (UTC)

Picture Choice
The lead picture to this article should be an Eldorado, not the 1959 model currently used. Ideally, I would think it should be a picture which best represents the model's styling cues over its lifetime, and not include a great deal of aftermarket accessories. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.175.160.21 (talk) 16:23, 13 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I thought the image of the '72 was the best quality, so I put it at the top. --Sable232 (talk) 03:46, 14 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I have to respectfully but strongly disagree with that choice. The 1959 Eldorado Biarritz is THE widely recognized classic and commands the highest price of any model before or since. WwmitchellBill Mitchell24.205.185.132 (talk) 02:17, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I replaced the top photo with a 1958 Eldorado Brougham. In my opinion, it's a much better photo, and a much more stylish model than the 1972. I wrote to the owner of the photo and was given permission to post it here. I know there is also a separate Brougham page, but since this is one of the most spectacular Eldorados, I think it belongs here. --Wwmitchell (talk) 19:56, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

The picture of the "fifth generation" car is not an Eldorado. Instead, it is a 1969 Cadillac Coupe DeVille convertible. A handsome car to be sure, but not an Eldorado. --91SDVowner (talk) 04:30, 18 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I fixed it. We've got an editor here whose newest method of being disruptive is placing images of the wrong car or of the wrong generation. --Sable232 (talk) 16:27, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

Sable, do you own that '72? Even though I own the '71 that you moved, I think most would agree, it's a lot better looking photo to use as the main example of its generation. The angle looks fine to me. Anyway, I won't change it back. I'll leave that to an objective third party to decide.--Wwmitchell (talk) 18:32, 4 September 2008 (UTC)
 * No, I don't (although I wish I did!) The picture of your car is taken from too close (making it look as if one is looking downward at the car) and shows too much of the front compared to the side. --Sable232 (talk) 19:28, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

The current (10 May 2024) lead photo ("1963 Cadillac Eldorado Convertible") is not an Eldorado. It's a 1963 Series 62 (Style 6267) convertible, not the 6367 Eldorado. The Eldo would have stainless rocker molding along the bottom of the car and no side spear. --Rafflesia (talk) 03:07, 10 May 2024 (UTC)

This article IS NOT too long
I strongly and adamantly disagree with whomever is responsible for placing the "Article is too long" banner at the top of this page!!! The Cadillac Eldorado is an iconic, historically significant contribution to the history of the American automobile. I also feel that the Eldorado Brougham page should be included in this section and not retained as an additional page.MJEH (talk) 13:40, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

 * A car this long deserves an article this long! --Wwmitchell (talk) 22:58, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

 * The only thing in this article that might be too long is the section on "Powertrain anomalies." I think explaining that on the engine's page is enough, it shouldn't have to spread like a tumor to every article on the affected cars. A summary is enough. --Sable232 (talk) 03:40, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

I need help, I am finding it very difficult to obtain the torque specs for the heads of a 1994 4.6 liter nothstar. Can anyone help?68.108.149.17 (talk) 00:02, 14 August 2008 (UTC)Mikey@ mikemoreau@rocketmail.com

Long count
There is a contradiction in production figures between Ludvigsen & Flory. Can anybody sort it out? TREKphiler  any time you're ready, Uhura  16:23, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

Digital Dash?
about this passage...

"1984 was also the first year electronic "digital" instrumentation was an available option. In addition to the digital electronic climate control that was standard on all Eldorados, the standard analog speedometer and fuel gauges could be replaced with a digital display showing speed in a single, precise, and instant number and a fuel gauge that would read the number of gallons of fuel remaining in the gas tank and another gauge showing approximately how many miles can be driven on it."

My 1981 Eldorado Biarritz with the 368 engine had this feature. I dont believe that 1984 was the first year — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.37.171.132 (talk) 19:38, 11 November 2011 (UTC)

steel plate
I, for one, think the steel plate story is baloney. A balance problem corrected with a steel plate under the driver's seat? Come on. Totally ridiculous. Somebody help me with this. This can't beLonginus876 (talk) 21:27, 9 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I went ahead and removed it, based on the fact that its' completely unsupported by any reference. Information in a Wikipedia article needs to be verifiable and supported by notable sourcing... period.842U (talk) 14:23, 10 July 2013 (UTC)

 * The edits regarding the steel plate were originally added [|here]; there is nolonger an editor of that name on Wikipedia -- and the talk page for that user suggests an ignominious end. It looks like the edits made by the user were all unsourced and highly anecdotal.  It's likely they were Original Research.  Thanks for catching it.  If there is indeed any truth to the info, then let someone else reintroduce the info... with a bona fide source.842U (talk) 16:16, 10 July 2013 (UTC)

Wrong image for 1959 Eldorado
I just came to this page and noticed there is a wrong image under '1959 Eldorado', the car pictured here is a 1960 Series 62 convertible, not a '59 Eldorado. Unfortunately I don't have sufficient privileges to replace this picture but I do have a great high res GM factory image of a 1959 Eldorado that this picture can be replaced with and without copyright issues. If anyone could change that picture let me know and I can send the correct image. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Blade0817 (talk • contribs) 03:48, 27 March 2015 (UTC)

Third Generation: 1957-1960
This grouping doesn't make much sense. The 1959-1960 cars are radically different from the 1957-58 models -- not just regarding the Eldorado but for General Motors as a whole. They have much more in common with their 1961-64 successors than they do with the 1957-58 cars. 1957-58 should comprise the third generation; the 1959-1960 cars should be grouped with the 1961-64 models. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 47.216.211.40 (talk) 00:48, 4 April 2017 (UTC)

1970 Cadillac Eldorado federal door sticker
I am having difficulty in California obtaining current registration on my Eldo that was purchased new in 1970. All my documentation matches, but the local DMV will not accept what we have since there is not a federal sticker on the driver's door; this Eldo is in pristine condition and as far as I recall has never had a federal sticker. The Eldo was ordered in late 1969 and delivered in very early January 1970. I last registered it in 1991 and have kept it garaged all this time. I've only driven it with special permits and now desire to license it for 2018. Can anyone advise me on whether or not a federal sticker was on the driver's door for this unit?

Robin Westrope e/m: robinwestrope@hotmail.com — Preceding unsigned comment added by Robinwestrope (talk • contribs) 19:14, 10 April 2018 (UTC)

Cadillac NART Zagato
The Cadillac NART Zagato was proposed by Cadillac itself and used the chassis & drivetrain of the 1970 Eldorado, why not add it onto the page? Some guys have continuously deleted my work. NEED Help! ArcTempesta (talk) 15:05, 28 October 2018 (UTC)

New Section for Eldorado Brougham
The 1957-1960 Eldorado Brougham was a distinctive, ultra-premium 4 door vehicle. It shares the name "Eldorado" with the 2 door car, but not body shell, price point, or mechanics. Describing Eldorado Brougham and it's many distinctions is taking the article on a tangent. Suggest new "Cadillac Eldorado Brougham" page, similar to it's competitor Continental Mark II. That would ease review.````

Which one?
End of one section: In 1970, the Eldorado featured the new Cadillac 500 V8 (8.2 L) V8 engine,[1] Cadillac's largest-ever regular production V8, rated SAE gross 400 hp (298 kW) and 550 lb⋅ft (746 N⋅m), and would remain exclusive to the Eldorado until it became the standard engine in all full size Cadillacs for the 1975-76 model years. A power sunroof was a newly available option for 1970. Styling changes for 1970 included a longer hood, a new grille with '8.2 Litre' notification and new taillamp bezels with thin lenses.

Beginning of the next section:

The 1971 Eldorado was substantially redesigned, growing two inches in length, six in wheelbase and featuring standard fender skirts, all of which gave the car a much heavier appearance than the previous generation. To haul the extra weight, Cadillac bored out the 472 cu in V8 to 500 cu in (8.2 L), an Eldorado exclusive and largest engine of its era.

Both can't be true. And what extra weight? It says it looks heavier. The extra weight from the two new inches of length and fender skirts?

64.222.110.16 (talk) 01:35, 12 April 2021 (UTC)

 * The 1970 information is correct, so I removed the offending language from the 1971 section.The infobox data indicates a 100 lbs greater curb weight for the 1971 model, but "heavier appearance" isn't exactly quantifiable. --Sable232 (talk) 21:41, 14 April 2021 (UTC)

1979 to 1985 Eldorado width
The article lists a width of 79 inches for the 79-85 Eldorado. It was actually about 71 inches wide.13:12, 26 October 2021 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.19.140.69 (talk)

title: Talk:Cadillac Eldorado


text:
Michael Argyle (judge)

His Honour Michael Victor Argyle, (31 August 1915 – 4 January 1999) was a British judge at the Central Criminal Court of the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1988. Earlier, as a barrister, he defended Ronnie Biggs and, as a judge, presided at the Oz obscenity trial.

Early life
Michael Argyle was born in Tamworth, Staffordshire in England. He received his formal education at Shardlow Hall prep school, Westminster School, and obtained a degree in the Law at Trinity College, Cambridge. He began practising as a Barrister in 1938. During World War II he served as a commissioned officer with the 7th Queen's Own Hussars, in India and the Italian theatres, being awarded the Military Cross for his leadership in an opposed crossing of the River Po in 1945. He was discharged from the British Army in 1947. He was an active member of the Conservative Party, and seeking access to Parliament he stood unsuccessfully for the Party in Belper in the 1950 general election, and again in the Loughborough constituency in the 1955 General Election.

Legal career
Having been called to the Bar in 1938, he became a Queen's Counsel at the age of 36. As a barrister he gained press interest for his defence of Ronnie Biggs in his trial for the Great Train Robbery.

After graduating from practising law into the ranks of the judiciary in 1962, Argyle found himself at odds judicially with elements of the counter-cultural zeitgeist that increasingly dominated English society as the 1960s progressed, reciprocating in kind the animosity he attracted from its proponents in the public sphere with statements and decisions made from his bench which refused to yield to the pervading air of Socialistic relativism and permissiveness, and as a judge representing a judicial authoritarianism from the earlier half of the 20th century.

As a judge, he is best remembered for his role during the Oz obscenity trial, in which the three Oz editors (Richard Neville, Jim Anderson and Felix Dennis) were tried on three charges, including "conspiracy to corrupt public morals", an offence which, in theory, carried a virtually unlimited penalty. The three defendants were found guilty, with Argyle sentencing Neville and Anderson to serve a term of imprisonment with hard labour, but the convictions were subsequently overturned on appeal, when it was found that Argyle had misdirected the trial jury on several occasions. At the time of Argyle's sentencing in the Oz trial, he had given Dennis a reduced punishment on the basis of his "lower intelligence".

In 1995, Dennis, by now a millionaire publisher, won a libel action against The Spectator. In an article published on 20 May 1995, Argyle had claimed Dennis and his Oz co-defendants had imported and peddled drugs to school children, and also implied that they were behind threats against his life which had obliged him to stay in a hotel during the trial, guarded by armed Special Branch police. The Spectator donated £10,000 to two charities nominated by Dennis, in lieu of damages. However he declined to sue Argyle personally, commenting: "Oh, I don't want to make him a martyr of the Right: there's no glory to be had in suing an 80-year-old man and taking his house away from him. It was just a totally obvious libel."

He retired from the Bench in 1987, after receiving a public reprimand from the Lord Chancellor for public statements that foreign immigration into the United Kingdom was out of control, and that Capital Punishment should be reintroduced into England's judicial system for certain crimes.

Death
Argyle died at 84 on 4 January 1999 at Fiskerton, in Nottinghamshire.

Personal life
Argyle married Ann Newton in 1951, the marriage producing three daughters.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Michael Argyle (judge)


text:
Killing Me Softly

Killing Me Softly may refer to:

 * Killing Me Softly (Roberta Flack album), 1973
 * "Killing Me Softly", single by the Fugees, 1996
 * Killing Me Softly (Ferrante & Teicher album), 1973
 * Killing Me Softly (film), a 2002 erotic thriller starring Heather Graham and Joseph Fiennes
 * Killing Me Softly (novel), a 1999 psychological thriller novel by Nicci French, that the film is based upon

title: Killing Me Softly


text:
User talk:Parsed Parsley

Welcome!

'''Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my New-Users' Talk Page.'''

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Happy editing! Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 14:11, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Parsed Parsley


text:
Birbal

Mahesh Das (1528 – 16 February 1586 ), popularly known by his title Raja Birbal (lit. 'The Quick Thinker'), was an Indian minister and commander of the Mughal Empire. He is mostly known in the Indian subcontinent for the folk tales which focus on his wit. He was appointed by Akbar as a 1556–1562 and was one of his most important courtiers, part of a group called the navaratnas (nine jewels). In February 1586, he led an army to crush an unrest in the north-west Indian subcontinent where he was killed along with many troops in an ambush by the rebel tribe. He was the only Hindu to adopt Din-i Ilahi, the religion founded by Akbar.

Local folk tales emerged primarily in 19th century involving his interactions with Akbar, thus became even more of a semi-fictional legendary figure across the Indian subcontinent. However, these stories have generally been described as fictional by modern historians.

Early life
Birbal was born as Mahesh Das in 1528, to a Brahmabhatta Hindu Brahmin family in Kalpi, Jalaun, Uttar Pradesh; in a called Ghoghra. His father was Ganga Das and mother was Anabha Davito. He was the third son of a family.

Educated in Hindi, Sanskrit and Persian, wrote prose, specialised in music and poetry in the Braj language, thus gaining fame. He served at the Rajput court of Raja Ram Chandra of Rewa, under the name "Brahma Kavi". Birbal's economic and social status improved after marrying a woman of a wealthy family, contrary to the notion that he was on poor economic terms before his appointment at Mughal Emperor Akbar's imperial court.

Titles and name origin
The details and year of his first meeting with Akbar and his employment at the court are disputed but estimated to be between 1556 and 1562. He became the "Kavi Priya" (poet laureate) of the Emperor within a few years of his appointment. Akbar bestowed upon him the name 'Birbal' with the title "Raja", by which he was known from then on.

Birbal comes from Bir Bar or Vir Var which means hasir javab or quick thinker. Akbar gave titles to his Hindu subjects according to their traditions and S. H. Hodivala writes that it could have been taken from a character in the folk tale Vetal Panchvinshati. This featured a courtier called Vir Var who showed great loyalty to his king. Akbar was also fond of literature, having works of Sanskrit and other local languages translated into Persian.

Position and association with Akbar
His growing reputation led him to be part of Akbar's nine advisers, known as the Navaratna - the nine jewels. Birbal also played the role of a religious advisor, military figure and close friend of the Emperor, serving him for 30 years. In 1572, he was among a large army sent to aid Husain Quli Khan against an attack from the Akbar's brother, Hakim Mirza, which was his first military role. He later accompanied the Emperor during his Gujarat campaigns. Despite having no military background, he often participated in Akbar's campaigns and was given leadership positions, like Todar Mal, who was an advisor in economic matters.

Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak and Abdul Qadir Badayuni were historians of the court. While Fazl respected him, listed him as having twenty-five honorific titles and rank of a commander of two thousand; Badayuni distrusted Birbal because he was a Hindu, calling him a "bastard" and in contempt, writing how he, as a Hindu musician, was getting favour and becoming the king's "confidant", but at the same time acknowledging his talent. Akbar's other orthodox Muslim advisers were known to dislike Birbal.

Akbar had started a religion called Din-i-Ilahi, which acknowledged him as God's representative on earth and had a combination of Hindu and Muslim beliefs. In the Ain-i-Akbari (The Institutes of Akbar), it is mentioned that Birbal was one of the few people other than Akbar who were its followers, besides being the only Hindu. He had a close association with Akbar, despite being fourteen years elder than him; of the nine ratnas, Birbal was often called the brightest jewel. Badaoni referred to this in sarcasm, as "a case of 'thy flesh is my flesh and thy blood my blood'". Akbar is reported to have saved Birbal's life in two instances.

The painting Akbari Nao Ratna in Victoria hall, Kolkata depicts Birbal having a prominent position right next to Akbar. Birbal was said to have received a two-storey house in Fatehpur Sikri within the palace complex, built close to Akbar's own chambers. He was said to enjoy having Birbal by his side and he was the only courtier to reside within the palace complex. One of the seven gates is known as "Birbal's gate".

Death
The Yusufzai Afghan tribe had started a rebellion along the east bank of river Indus against the Mughal rule. After troops sent to crush the unrest suffered losses, Akbar sent Birbal with reinforcements from where the Afghans were waiting in prepared positions in the hills. In the ensuing ambush and heavy defeat, Birbal and over 8000 soldiers were killed near Malandari Pass, Buner. This battle was known as the Battle of Malandari Pass. He was said to have expressed his grief over the loss his favourite courtier and not taken food or drink for two days. He was anguished since his body could not be found for Hindu cremation. He proclaimed that it was his greatest tragedy since his coming to the throne.

Badayuni writes, "His majesty cared for the death of no grandee more than for that of Birbal. He said, 'Alas! they could not even get his body out of the pass, that it might have been burned'; but at last, he consoled himself with the thought that Birbal was now free and independent of all earthly fetters, and as the rays of the sun were sufficient for him, there was no necessity that he should be cleansed by fire."

Origins
Akbar-Birbal folk tales were passed on mainly by oral tradition. They focus on how Birbal manages to outsmart envious courtiers who try to trap and portray him in poor light in front of Akbar, often in a humorous manner with him shown giving sharp and intelligent responses. Others show his interactions with the Emperor which involve him trying to test Birbal's wit and Birbal making him realise his folly, which always ends with Akbar becoming amused and impressed. He occasionally challenges Birbal by giving him a line of poetry which Birbal has to complete. Some of the other stories are simple humorous anecdotes. Getting an advantage in a seemingly impossible situation and making his challengers look silly are usual occurrences in these tales.

According to C. M. Naim, the earliest known reference of Birbal's wit is in the 18th-century biographical dictionary, Ma'athir al-Umara in which he, thanks to his poetry and wit, becomes a member of Akbar's inner circle and gradually outranks all other courtiers. Naim draws a parallel between the Akbar-Birbal tales with others in Indian folklore involving a king and his quick-witted minister such as the Vijayanagara emperor, Krishnadevaraya and Tenali Ramakrishna and King Krishnachandra of Nadia and his barber, Gopal Bhar. In later years, a third character, Mulla Do-Piyaza began to appear. He was very likely a fictional character and was portrayed as Birbal's Muslim counterpart and a proponent of orthodox Islam. However, when viewed within the context of folkloric literature, these stories, much like other similar tales like those of Krishnadevaraya and Tenali Rama, make fun of the human imperfections in the character of the king and then offer a corrective to his behaviour.

Historic role versus folklore
In the folk tales, he is always portrayed as a pious Hindu, being younger than Akbar, and being morally strict in the midst of opposing Muslim courtiers, who are shown plotting against him; his success was only because of his skill and his intelligence. He is thus depicted as acquiring personal influence over Akbar, using his intelligence and sharp tongue and never resorting to violence. However, historically he never played such a role.

Badayuni mistrusted him but did mention that he was "having a considerable amount of capacity and genius". The Braj language poet, Rai Hol, praised Akbar and his nine jewels, having a special emphasis on Birbal for his generosity. Abul Fazl respected him by emphasising on his spiritual excellence and position as a confidant of the Emperor rather than on his wit or poetry.

Modern Hindu scholars assert that he made Mughal Emperor Akbar make bold decisions and the orthodox Muslims in the court despised him, since he made Akbar renounce Islam. But no evidence is present that he influenced Akbar's beliefs. Though sources suggest he influenced Akbar's policies to some extent. It was Akbar's affection for him, his religious tolerance and social liberalism which was the reason for this and Birbal was not the cause. Historically, he was more of a supporter of Akbar's religious policy and his religion, Din-i-Ilahi.

In popular culture
Akbar and Birbal folk tales are featured in Amar Chitra Katha and Chandamama children's comics and many books are available containing these collections. There are various paperback editions, films, textbooks, booklets and plays with his character as the lead. The television channel Cartoon Network in India, has two featured animated series based on him, Chota Birbal and Akbar & Birbal. Salman Rushdie's novel The Enchantress of Florence has the character of Birbal. Akbar Birbal is a 2014 historical comedy show originally broadcast by Big Magic, it was followed by Hazir Jawab Birbal in 2015. Akbar Ka Bal Birbal is another historical comedy show about Akbar and Birbal that aired on Star Bharat in 2020.

title: Birbal


text:
User talk:Alfredo martinez

Welcome!

'''Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my New-Users' Talk Page.'''

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 * If your first language isn't English, try Contributing to articles outside your native language

Happy editing! Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 14:14, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alfredo martinez


text:
Talk:Darwin

Link out of date
Can someone change the link of the "A Letter" at the very bottom Its out of date http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=EHBeagleDiary&viewtype=text&pageseq=694&keywords=tahiti

Redirect to Charles Darwin
I think darwin should redirect to THE GREATEST SCIENTIST OF ALL TIME DUH!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.219.35.132 (talk) 11:29, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

I think this page should be restored back to redirecting to Charles Darwin (the way it was before it was deleted for a page move that was soon reversed). Some of the topics there, especially Darwin, Northern Territory are quite important. However, I believe that an unqualified "Darwin" can be assumed to refer to Charles Darwin and that the redirect should reflect this. Any thoughts? — Knowledge Seeker দ 03:45, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I think that it should remain as it is, redirecting to Darwin (disambiguation). Tony Sidaway and I figured this to be a reasonable compromise. Darwin, Northern Territory should never have been moved to Darwin, but it is finally appropriately named. And while "Darwin" will always most likely refer to something associated with Charles Darwin, he is not always likely to be the topic of choice. "Darwin", unqualified, will always (though not exlusively) refer to the city. Having Darwin redirect to Darwin (disambiguation) is no impediment to a user searching for either topic, and should be preferred to "primary topic disambig" in this case because, I think, there is not one.--Cyberjunkie 04:12, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I understand that Darwin, Northern Territory may have considerable importance in that area of the world, but I definitely disagree that "'Darwin', unqualified, will always...refer to the city." I actually have never heard "Darwin" refer to the Northern Territory capital, although given the distance between the United States and Australia (and the relative geography ignorance here), that's probably not too much of a surprise. — Knowledge Seeker দ 04:23, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * What I meant was, Darwin (city) is not said with any qualification. People simply don't state *City* and then *Polity* in common-speech and rarely do formally. This is not to say, however, that "Darwin" by itself exclusively refers to the city - it doesn't. But because there is no exclusivity is precisely why Darwin should redirect as presently.--Cyberjunkie 06:02, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I agree with Knowledge Seeker that "Darwin" will be a search for Charles Darwin vastly more often than for anything else; he's one of the most famous figures in human history, period. And since Charles Darwin already links to Darwin (disambiguation) at its top, those who aren't searching for Darwin will not be much inconvenienced. However, considering that almost everyone knows his first name as well as his last name, the argument that "Charles Darwin" will be searched for much more often than "Darwin" when seeking that specific page is a valid one; plus consider Lincoln not redirecting to Abraham Lincoln, nor even Santa to Santa Claus or whatnot. I think we should at least seriously consider having the redirect go to Charles Darwin, though. -Silence 09:42, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Users searching for a particular person are likely to give first and last names, as disambig pages for last name only are typically patchy (even this one doesn't contain all the people in Wikipedia with the surname Darwin). Disambig pages for places are usually much more complete, as are pages for 'firstname lastname', as somebody has probably tried to resolve all links to it at least once. As such, Darwin should be (or redirect to) the disambig page. --Scott Davis Talk 23:46, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

You guys are all missing the fact that Darwin is the name of a very popular operating system the core of mac OS X-- which millions of people are using. For this reason the disambibuation page is needed. Glen Pepicelli 07:06, 9 April 2006 (UTC)

Note that Einstein redirects to Albert Einstein and not Einstein (disambiguation). Same with Mozart. Newton describes the unit, and has dab links at the top for Isaac Newton and Newton (disambiguation). The precedent isn't clear, but might lean slightly towards moving this to Darwin (disambig) and making this redirect to Charles Darwin. Anyway, for what it's worth, I favor that option. -lethe talk [ +] 18:48, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

 * My preference is keeping this as a redirect to the disambiguation page: after all, people may come here looking for the famous naturalist who pioneered ideas about evolution, Erasmus Darwin :) ..dave souza, talk 19:24, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

Being an Australian, I actually expected to find the article on Darwin (city) when I typed in "Darwin". I think Darwin should direct to the disambiguation page. GK1 22:25, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

I am far from a scientist or a student of science, and it is utterly incomprehensible to me how "darwin" ever came to lead to this disambugation page. --76.188.161.254 04:32, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

 * It's because the original English-speakers have evolved into lesser beings over time. 80.47.219.117 12:42, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

 * It's just because the chap has so many things named after him, and we can't expect everyone living in Darwin or standing atop a Mount Darwin or swimming in the Darwin Sound etc. to know where to look. And of course there are all those other famous Darwins. This disambig is a good option. .. dave souza, talk 13:58, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

I disagree, I think the status quo is fine. It's what, one extra click? Lankiveil 02:21, 13 May 2007 (UTC).

As the term "Darwin" refers to many things and people, I don't have a problem with it being a "disambiguous" page. While I love the theories of Chuck Darwin and think Creationists are a bunch of diluted nutjobs, I think this should remain as it is. ThomasSixten (talk) 05:58, 10 September 2009 (UTC)

C'mon, point this to Darwin. [See, you didn't even think I was talking about the city or his reputed uncle.] The name refers to so "many things" because of him (like my work DB named "Socrates"). You say it's "one extra click"... exactly, the click back to the disambiguation page. "Beagle" appropriately points first to the dog, "Aquinas" to the man, "Weber" to disambiguation, "Kant" to the man... let's get "Darwin" right. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.21.5.140 (talk) 05:59, 18 October 2009 (UTC)

Renowned
According to Websters renown is defined as "state of being widely acclaimed and highly honored". Is it appropriate to refer to a man who is looked upon by many as a lier because of his unproven theory appropriate? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Tjb891 (talk • contribs)
 * "Widely" means there are a number of exceptions, which caters for those poor deluded souls ;) .. dave souza, talk 13:50, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

Debate on whether or not evolution is true aside, Darwin is renowned for his contributions to biology. I would say that Neils Bohr is renowned for his contributions to chemistry even though it turns out his model of the atom was far from correct. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.199.91.72 (talk) 01:13, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

Is it appropriate to call someone a lier when those who accuse his of being such do so because they are clinging to outdated and unreasonable beliefs? ThomasSixten (talk) 06:02, 10 September 2009 (UTC)

Operating System
The OS should be removed from the primary choices right at the top- It's not as notable as Charles Darwin or the Australian city and is already listed below. I'm going to remove it. 90.242.66.1 (talk) 10:40, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

Move?

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was not moved. Jafeluv (talk) 09:50, 14 September 2009 (UTC)

Darwin → Darwin (disambiguation) — Disambiguation page Darwin to Darwin (disambiguation), please, freeing up Darwin to be a redirect to Charles Darwin. Darwin the giant of science and history, given a dab page next to the city in Australia that bears his name? Incredible that this ever even happened. — Anarchangel (talk) 10:20, 7 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose While Charles Darwin may have been a great scientist however Darwin, NT is the same if not more well known then Charles Darwin himself. Bidgee (talk) 10:27, 7 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Bidgee, don't waste everyone's time. » Swpbτ • ¢ 15:37, 7 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Maybe assume good faith, remain civil and don't get personal and you will see that anyone can be for or against the move and that I've not wasted anyones time. Bidgee (talk) 08:27, 9 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Fwiw, I'm an Australian and I support this move. -- JackofOz (talk) 08:38, 8 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose as an obvious case where readers are as likely to be looking for the city as for any or the Darwin family, and where more than one Darwin is eminent in their own right. This disambiguation is useful and informative, redirecting many readers to the wrong article is just an annoyance. . dave souza, talk 09:17, 8 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose I'm not Australian, and I think Darwin NT is significant enough to make this a dab. 76.66.196.139 (talk) 04:55, 9 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose Charles Darwin is most likely the best known "Darwin" (and probably my personal intellectual hero) but not to the extent where the overwhelming majority people searching for "Darwin" would be looking for the scientist. The disambiguation page as it stands is quite appropriate. Note: I am Australian, if anyone finds it at all relevant. -- Mattinbgn\talk 08:50, 9 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose — looking at the very long list of "Darwin" article titles, many related to each other, I have no doubt the incoming links to Darwin need frequent disambiguating. So the dab page should stay there.  --Una Smith (talk) 05:37, 10 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose - I agree with Matt's comment. Also, I took a look at the page statistics with Henrik's tool and while the Charles Darwin article gets significantly more traffic with between 4,000-14,000 hits per day, the Darwin, NT article is mostly getting 900-2,000 hits per day. While Charles Darwin is obviously the more searched for of the two, the traffic going to Darwin, NT, is not insignificant and sufficient, IMO, to justify maintaining the current disambiguation page at Darwin. Sarah 01:01, 13 September 2009 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Requested move 15 September 2020

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Not moved. WP:SNOW closure. -- Calidum 02:33, 16 September 2020 (UTC)

– The above discussion from 2009, as well as my own experience, would suggest that Darwin, Northern Territory is the primary topic for this article name. A generic Google search for "Darwin" only brings results for the capital city, with Charles Darwin (the only other considerable subject) not showing up until significantly further into the results. ItsPugle (please ping on reply) 06:39, 15 September 2020 (UTC) — Berean Hunter   (talk)  18:25, 15 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Darwin → Darwin (disambiguation)
 * Darwin, Northern Territory → Darwin
 * Oppose The reasons given in 2009 above still apply. Fleet Lists (talk) 07:12, 15 September 2020 (UTC)
 * That's exactly what I'm saying? A number of !votes from the 2009 discussion suggested that Darwin, NT was the more likely primary topic, not Charles Darwin (as the proposer suggested). ItsPugle (please ping on reply) 07:16, 15 September 2020 (UTC)
 * *Support as nominated. the northern territory's city is clearly Primary Topic. "Darwin" without disambiguation of it would be known more about the Australian city, not Charles Darwin. Even Charles Darwin is still known as Darwin does not strengthen the evidence that Darwin in first of mind is actually a Australian city. Many people around the world aside from historian more likely refer Darwin as an Australian city. 180.249.244.242 (talk) 08:17, 15 September 2020 (UTC) Sock !vote stricken.
 * That might be that the city is potentially a more likely target for "Darwin" alone but doesn't mean it is primary. Charles (who is well known globally) has considerable long-term significance and its reasonable to think he would sometimes be searched this way.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 18:46, 15 September 2020 (UTC)

 * Oppose There is no primary topic for the word "Darwin": the scientist and the city both have strong claims but neither reaches the criteria to be WP:Primary topic. The current dab page is the best option.  Pam  D  08:26, 15 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose Darwin, Northern Territory got 21,478 views but Darwin (operating system) got 12,364, Darwin (Marvel Comics) got 3,466 and Darwin, California got 1,212[]. Even ignoring all the other uses (including Charles who is a PTM but often known as Darwin) there doesn't seem to be a primary topic by usage. By long-term significance Charles probably has enough long-term significance to prevent the Australian city from being primary. When I Google Darwin the results are mixed but Charles does come up more but Google is more likely to show PTMs than what people would search for here and is probably somewhat biased because of my location. Even so I don't see a clear primary topic and while I don't think Charles should be primary I don't think the city is either.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 09:22, 15 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose move per view count provided above.  O.N.R.  (talk) 10:09, 15 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose per above. Google results are very location-specific, I get 8 Charles Darwins (with him being at the top) and then two Darwins, Australia lower on the page. – Thjarkur (talk) 11:15, 15 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose move per above, searches are liable to relate to search location, but clearly as many look for Charles Darwin and his works as do for things named after him, including the city. In the event of such a move, WP:R would require the city article to give equal prominence in the lead to Charles Darwin, which isn't currently the case. Not sure why not. . . dave souza, talk 11:36, 15 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose, no WP:PRIMARYTOPIC.--Ortizesp (talk) 14:44, 15 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose, no primary topic, considering Charles Darwin and many other notable topics. —BarrelProof (talk) 16:41, 15 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose, no primary topic, considering Charles Darwin etc etc and WP:SNOW early close please. In ictu oculi (talk) 17:09, 15 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose per above. No clear primary topic, considering Charles Darwin, etc. The search results are completely location-based. In the U.S. and many other non-Australia places, Darwin the city doesn't appear on the Google search until a few topics down. Paintspot Infez (talk) 18:13, 15 September 2020 (UTC)

Life Sciences
English 2A03:2880:21FF:1:0:0:FACE:B00C (talk) 12:54, 2 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Darwin


text:
Standing NATO Maritime Group 1

Standing NATO Maritime Group One (SNMG1) is one of NATO's standing naval maritime immediate reaction forces. SNMG1 consists of four to six destroyers and frigates. Its role is to provide NATO with an immediate operational response capability.

History
In late November 1966, U.S. Rear Admiral Richard G. Colbert prepared a concept paper proposing a permanent Allied Command Atlantic naval contingency force based on Operation Matchmaker, an annual six-month exercise involving ships from NATO navies. The proposed contingency force was approved by NATO in December 1967 and activated in January 1968 as Standing Naval Force Atlantic (STANAVFORLANT).

During the 1990s, STANAVFORLANT was heavily involved in Operation Maritime Monitor (July 1992 to November 1992), Operation Maritime Guard (November 1992 to June 1993) and Operation Sharp Guard (June 1993 to October 1996), the maritime embargo operations in the Adriatic Sea established to ensure compliance by Serbia and Montenegro with United Nations (UN) resolutions 713, 715, 787, 820 and 943. Between November 1992 and June 1996 some 74,000 ships were challenged, almost 6,000 were inspected at sea and more than 1,400 were diverted and inspected in port.

The force was under the operational control of SACLANT until SACLANT was decommissioned in 2003 and it was folded into NATO's Allied Command Operations (ACO) at that time.

The force was re-designated Standing NATO Maritime Group 1 in January 2005.

In September 2007, SNMG1 was in the Red Sea bound for Suez to complete a circumnavigation of Africa when the Jabal al-Tair volcano erupted. SNMG1 ships assisted the Yemeni coast guard in the recovery of their military personnel stationed on the island.

From March 2009 to June 2009 SNMG1 was deployed by NATO off the Somali coast to conduct Operation Allied Protector, to deter, defend and protect World Food Programme (WFP) vessels against the threat of piracy and armed robbery, thereby allowing WFP to fulfill its mission of providing humanitarian aid.

Since August 2009, SNMG1 has been providing ships for NATO's Operation Ocean Shield anti-piracy mission in the Gulf of Aden.

On 23–25 March 2012 the group conducted a passing exercise with Carrier Strike Group Twelve, led by USS Enterprise (CVN-65), while carrying out Operation Active Endeavor missions in the Mediterranean Sea. The group's commander, Commodore Ben Bekkering, Royal Netherlands Navy visited Enterprise. At the time the group consisted of the Royal Netherlands Navy frigate HNLMS De Ruyter (F804), the Spanish Navy frigate SPANISH FRIGATE Álvaro de Bazán, the German Navy frigate GERMAN FRIGATE Rheinland-Pfalz, and the Royal Canadian Navy frigate HMCS Charlottetown (FFH 339).

In November 2018, HNoMS Helge Ingstad was operating with SNMG1 when she was involved in a collision with a Maltese flagged tanker and had to be deliberately run aground to prevent her sinking. The remainder of SNMG1 stood by to provide assistance.

During 2021, SNMG1 was active in the region of the Baltic Sea for 12 days.

Current ships
As of 20 January 2024, SNMG1 consists of: {{legend|#cbcefb|Previous flagship}} {{legend|#969dfa|Current flagship}} Ships in bold are currently part of the naval force

Previous task groups
As of 8 January 2023, SNMG1 consists of: {{legend|#cbcefb|Previous flagship}} {{legend|#969dfa|Current flagship}} Ships in bold are currently part of the naval force

In 2022, SNMG1 consisted of: {{legend|#cbcefb|Previous flagship}} {{legend|#969dfa|Current flagship}} Ships in bold are currently part of the naval force

In 2021, SNMG1 consisted of:

{{legend|#cbcefb|Was a flagship at any time during its deployment}} During this deployment, SNMG1 took part in numerous exercises including:
 * TG 21-1 from February 8 to February 19 in Norway
 * Dynamic Guard 21 from February 24 to February 26 in Norway
 * Joint Warrior 21-1 from May 7 to May 14 in the United Kingdom
 * Steadfast Defender 21 from May 21 to June 2 in Portugal
 * BALTOPS50 from June 6 to June 18 in the Baltic Sea
 * Dynamic Mongoose 21 from July 1 to July 9 in Norway
 * Joint Warrior 21-2 from 18 September to 30 September 2021 in the United Kingdom
 * FLOTEX 21 from November 22 to December 3 in Norway
 * Exercise REP(MUS) from 12 September to 22 September in Portugal

Organization
SNMG1 is a component of the NATO Response Force (NRF).

title: Standing NATO Maritime Group 1


text:
Nigel Worthington

Nigel Worthington (born 4 November 1961) is a Northern Irish former professional footballer who was most recently the manager of York City.

He played a defender and a midfielder, playing his club football for Ballymena United, Notts County, Sheffield Wednesday, Leeds United, Stoke City and Blackpool. With Sheffield Wednesday he won the League Cup in 1991. As an international player, he was capped 66 times for Northern Ireland, and appeared for them at the 1986 FIFA World Cup.

Worthington began his managerial career as player-manager of Blackpool in 1997 before he took over as manager of Norwich City in 2000. He guided Norwich into the Premier League in the 2003–04 season as First Division title winners. He left just over two years afterwards, having failed to keep them in the top-flight in 2005. He was briefly caretaker manager of Leicester City in 2007 prior to starting as manager of Northern Ireland, from which he stepped down in 2011.

Club career
Born in Ballymena, County Antrim, Worthington played as a left-back and a midfielder and started his career with hometown team Ballymena United in 1979, where he was Ulster Football Writers Young Player of the Year in 1981. He moved into English football with Notts County on 1 July 1981 for a £100,000 fee.

Worthington signed for Sheffield Wednesday on 6 February 1984 for a £125,000 fee, and he stayed at the club for over 10 years. He earned promotion into the First Division with Wednesday in the 1983–84 season as Second Division runners-up. He was a member of the team that won the League Cup as well as a return into the First Division after finishing in third place in the Second Division in 1990–91. Two years later, Worthington and his teammates were losing finalists in the 1993 FA Cup Final.

Worthington left Wednesday to sign for Leeds United on 4 July 1994 for a £325,000 fee, spending two seasons at the club and one season at Stoke City, after signing on a free transfer on 18 July 1996.

International career
Worthington was capped 14 times by the Northern Ireland national under-18 team before making his debut for the senior national team in a 1–1 draw away to Wales in the 1983–84 British Home Championship on 22 May 1984. This was notable for being Northern Ireland's final match in the last ever British Home Championship, the point gained being enough for Northern Ireland to win, and keep in perpetuity, the trophy. In Northern Ireland's subsequent successful qualifying campaign for the 1986 FIFA World Cup, Worthington started one qualifying match and came on as a substitute in three more. In the Finals tournament itself, Worthington started two of Northern Ireland's three matches, against Algeria and Spain. He served as Northern Ireland captain from 1995 to 1996. Worthington's 66th and final cap was gained in Northern Ireland's 3–0 victory in a home friendly against Belgium on 11 February 1997.

Blackpool
Worthington's managerial career started as the player-manager at Blackpool on 8 July 1997. He soon retired from playing to take on sole managerial duties, but two and a half seasons in charge ended with his resignation on 23 December 1999 following a dip in form that saw the club lying in the Second Division relegation battle. "I have taken the club as far as I can," he stated.

Norwich City
After acting as assistant to Howard Wilkinson with the England under-21 team, Worthington moved to Norwich City on 27 June 2000 as assistant to Bryan Hamilton. He was given the role of assistant manager for the Northern Ireland national under-21 team on 22 August, which he shared with his duties at Norwich. He was appointed caretaker manager at Norwich on 4 December after Hamilton resigned, and on 2 January 2001 was appointed as permanent manager. He later saved the club from relegation into the Second Division. The 2001–02 season, Worthington's first full season, saw Norwich reach the 2002 First Division play-off final, in which they lost to Birmingham City in a penalty shoot-out.

In his third full season in charge, 2003–04, Worthington took Norwich into the Premier League after winning the First Division championship with a club record 94 points. With one match remaining in 2004–05, Norwich were one point above the relegation zone, but after a 6–0 defeat by Fulham were relegated in 19th place.

Norwich were tipped to make an instant return into the Premier League in 2005–06 having retained the majority of their squad. The team failed to mount the expected promotion challenge, which led to some supporters calling for Worthington to leave the club, with Norwich finishing the season ninth in the Championship table. After a defeat to Plymouth Argyle early in September 2006, Norwich's majority shareholders, Delia Smith and Michael Wynn-Jones, released a statement expecting Worthington to improve the team's performance in the following matches. Worthington was sacked by Norwich almost immediately after a 4–1 defeat to Burnley on 1 October, a result that left the team 17th in the table.

Leicester City
Worthington was appointed caretaker manager of relegation threatened Championship club Leicester City for the rest of 2006–07 on 11 April 2007. Despite losing his first match to former club Norwich, he was able to steer Leicester to safety and stated his desire to become Leicester's permanent manager. He lost out on the position to Martin Allen.

Northern Ireland
Worthington was appointed as manager of Northern Ireland on 1 June 2007, initially on a short-term contract until the end of the UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying campaign in November. At the time of his appointment, Northern Ireland led their qualification group. Although Northern Ireland eventually finished third in their qualification group, the Irish Football Association gave Worthington a two-year contract in January 2008. This was subsequently renewed in January 2010, lasting until the end of the UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying campaign. However, after a poor UEFA Euro 2012 qualification campaign he stepped down on 11 October 2011 after the final qualifier against Italy.

York City
Worthington was appointed manager of League Two club York City on 4 March 2013, after Gary Mills was sacked two days earlier. His first match in charge was a 3–2 defeat away to AFC Wimbledon on 9 March. On the last day of the season, York won 1–0 away to Dagenham & Redbridge, which secured the club's League Two status, finishing the season in 17th place. He signed a new one-year rolling contract on 3 May. Worthington managed the team that reached the League Two play-offs in 2013–14, in which York were beaten 1–0 on aggregate in the semi-final by Fleetwood Town. He resigned as manager on 13 October 2014 with the team one place above the relegation zone, and was quoted as saying "In recent weeks, performances have not been up to my high standards and I take full responsibility for this".

Personal life
Worthington married Sandra Hopkins in Nottingham in 1983. His cousin is fellow manager Brendan Rodgers.

As a player
Ballymena United
 * Irish Cup: 1980–81
 * Ulster Cup: 1980–81

Sheffield Wednesday
 * Football League Second Division runner-up: 1983–84
 * Second Division third-place promotion: 1990–91
 * Football League Cup: 1990–91

Leeds United
 * Football League Cup runner-up: 1995–96

As a manager
Norwich City
 * First Division: 2003–04

Individual
 * Football League Two Manager of the Month: April 2013, March 2014

title: Nigel Worthington


text:
Charles Darwin (disambiguation)

Charles Darwin (1809–1882) was an English naturalist, known for his contributions to the science of evolution.

Charles Darwin may also refer to:

People

 * Charles Darwin (medical student) (1758–1778), uncle of the naturalist.
 * Charles Waring Darwin (infant) (1856–1858), son of the naturalist.
 * Charles Galton Darwin (1887–1962), English physicist, grandson of the naturalist.
 * Charles Darwin (RAF officer) (1894–1941), First World War flying ace.
 * Charles Waring Darwin (soldier) (1855–1928), British soldier and landowner.

Places

 * Charles Darwin, Northern Territory, a suburb in Australia.
 * Charles Darwin National Park, a protected area in Australia.
 * Charles Darwin Reserve, reserve in Australia.
 * Charles Darwin School, secondary school in Biggin Hill, London, England
 * Charles Darwin University, a university in Australia.

Publications

 * Charles Darwin: The Scholar Who Changed Human History, a 2000 illustrated book by Patrick Tort

title: Charles Darwin (disambiguation)


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Chemistry/Archive 1

Introduction text
Eventually, we should come up with some nice format for articles about chemical compounds. Right now, I like caffeine: a picture of the 3-d structure, a picture of the chemical structure, the chemical formula and the correct name. Maybe the CAS number should be added for completeness. I know that 3-d structure images can be produced with the program rasmol. Does anyone know a nice program for producing the 2-d structure formulas? Right now, I use JChemPaint and I don't like it. AxelBoldt 03:36 Dec 17, 2002 (UTC)
 * One site that I like for chemical models is http://people.ouc.bc.ca/woodcock/molecule/molecule.html . It has links to Chemscape Chime at http://www.mdli.com/ and "Rasmol", but that link does not currently work. Rasmol has something to do with the University of Massachusetts, so it's likely that the link is only broken. Eclecticology

 * I've used molpov before. its pretty cool. it takes a .mol file and creates 2d or 3d POV renderings out of them. its really powerful and slick. but you do needa POV program for it to work (I use PovRay) both of those are freeely available. either frreeware or maybe even Free Software, I don't remember at the moment. Lightning 22:41, 13 Aug 2003 (UTC)

The 3D picture on caffeine is way too dark -- I can't see much at all on my monitor. A lighter background would be better -- grey, or the same shade of cream as the 2D diagram. -- Tarquin (but apart fomr that, caffeine is good. I've been editing articles on compounds to open with:

 * Foo is a chemical compound ...

to establish context.

On second thoughts, I think I prefer:

 * The chemical compound foo ...

Discussion of the table for inorganic compounds given at Inorganic table information should probably take place here... AxelBoldt 23:04 22 May 2003 (UTC)

Has any consensus been reached on how to name articles describing chemical compounds. Obviously, there are cases where the systematic name for the compound is not the appropriate name for the article. An extreme example would be water. And since the sort of chemicals that are of sufficient industrial, historical, or pharmacological importance to merit articles are exactly the sort of compounds likely to be better-known known by a common name than their systematic one, I guess, how should we decide? Take the Google poll? Use whatever comes first in a standard reference like the Merck index? Any other thoughts? Shimmin 04:14, 22 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * Have it both ways. Redirect

 * Usually I would have the trivial name as the primary page, since that's what most people will be searching on if they don't know much about it - unless the trivial name is actually obsolescent. Have a redirect from the IUPAC name if it's reasonably compact and likely to be easy to type without errors. For the really hard IUPAC names, they might just have to rely on the search function - which implies all chem pages should include the IUPAC name in the text. -- Roger 10:08, 03 Sep 2003 (UTC)

Chemical Structure Program
Can anyone recommend a decent free program that draws chemical structures. One that's not too hard and runs under Windows or Linux would be great. ThereIsNoSteve 05:29, 29 Sep 2003 (UTC)

 * One program is xymtex, that someone has used to do the steroid hormones. e.g. Image:Testosterone.png. I've never used it, so i can't tell you anything about it. I guess it's similar to Latex etc. (haven't used that either) Tristanb 06:04, 29 Sep 2003 (UTC)

 * I searched around for a while and the best I could come up with was ChemSketch; it's freeware for Windows, but not open source. In the long run, we need (and will certainly get) something like our TeX markup feature which would allow you to specify a molecule structure in TeX and it's typeset automatically. AxelBoldt 16:47, 29 Sep 2003 (UTC)

 * I agree about the TeX. There a whole lot of (La)Tex packages out there that support typesetting technical things like chemical structures, syntax trees, mathematical plots, Feynman diagrams, phonetic symbols, Karnaugh maps, etc, that would otherwise have to just be made by hand and uploaded as an images. The downside of this is that there is nothing ensuring consistency in style of the diagrams, and modifying the bitmaps is non-ideal. Being able to edit the TeX source, while not extraordinarily easy, would be more in keeping with wiki style. Plus, if we get really clever, we could generate higher-resolution versions for print pages. Before I got sucked in to the whole logo-debate and modifications, I was working in the background on modifying the TeX support in MediaWiki to support phonetic symbols, but it seems abstracting it to support a variety of packages would be the best solution. On the other hand, SVG images for a lot of this stuff would probably be better. -- Nohat 18:05, 29 Sep 2003 (UTC)

 * Personally, I use ChemSketch (I forget the site). You can make images out of the chemical structures simply by copy pasting from ChemSketch to your favorite image program (such as IrfanView or Paint). Certain things don't work, though (including phosphate groups, I couldn't make the structure for ATP because of that). ugen64 20:04, Nov 22, 2003 (UTC)

 * ISIS Draw is not open source or any such, but is not bad for a windows box. Personally, I use the entirely-not-free CS Chemdraw - it is the best by some way. Iridium77 17:44, 23 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * If consistency of style is important, the ideal solution would be to have the wiki-code be a SMILES string, from which an onsite application would generate a chemical structure. ChemDraw does this, and there is at least one applet on the web that does it.  I have no idea what would be involved in coding up such a function for the wiki, though. Shimmin

 * That's okay for simple stuff, but for anything more complicated, it becomes irritating to not be able to define the orientation that you actually want in the diagram. For some things, it's impossible: try getting any app to draw a metallocene legibly from SMILES :-)
 * Iridium77 23:09, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I've done many structures with PPCHTeX, like nicotine, omeprazole and fluphenazine. I don't know what you think about it; when it works, it works, but I suspect there are more flexible methods that work in all cases. [[User:Sverdrup|❝Sverdrup❞ ]] 23:20, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * ACD/ChemSketch has over 500,000 users. The freeware version supports organic molecules (http://www.acdlabs.com/download/chemsk.html) and allows 3D viewing in an attractive away (http://www.acdlabs.com/products/chem_dsn_lab/chemsketch/3d/). A new version will be released at the end of February and will support polymers and organometallics. To learn how to use it try the movies at http://www.acdlabs.com/download/movies/mov_draw.html (though these are for the commercial version!). To see how molecules can be made to look checkout those shown on Reactive Reports at http://www.reactivereports.com/43/43_1.html. tony27587 15:25, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The lack of a symbol for equilibrium
Unless anyone objects, the standard wikipedia symbol for equilibrium will be ↔, until someone fixes this problem. Resonance will need another symbol.

Other options that shouldn't be used for equilibrium are:
 * $$\harr$$
 * $$\rightleftharpoons$$
 * $$\harr$$
 * $$\rightleftharpoons$$

Software
The current wikipedia software simply doesn't work for chemistry. Until better software is created, chemistry will not be worth adding to wikipedia. Bensaccount 20:38, 6 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * I hope you're being sarcastic. For years, chemical knowledge has been distributed using an outdated technology that has no chemistry-specific functions, and science carried on fine. We should decide on what a good chemical diagram should look like, but I don't think there are any issues with putting chemistry on here.
 * Iridium77 15:38, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, I have changed my mind. A lot of chemistry can be explained using IUPAC nomenclature. Bensaccount 18:05, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * IUPAC nomenclature doesn't explain anything, it is a set of rules as to how you name things. Many common chemicals are known more often by their common names rather than IUPAC. Diagrams are fine the way they are, but would be better if we standardised them. Iridium77 22:02, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * IUPAC nomenclature allows you to explain the structure of a compound without a diagram. Common nomenclature is outdated. Bensaccount 03:49, 6 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Which is fine, if you are a computer, and no errors were made in communicating the systematic name. The persistance of common names for many of the most industrially important compounds, however, indicates that for all but the most trivial cases, we as humans are better at memorizing non-systematic names than interpreting systematic ones.  Shimmin 04:18, 6 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Ben, to be blunt, it's evident that you're no chemist. The fact of the matter is this: IUPAC is fine for small, simple things. But when you get onto the nasties like, for example, Unadecacyclo[9.9.0.01,5.02,12.02,18.03,7.06,10.08,12.011,15.013,17.016,20]eicosane, you'll understand why it is referred to using its common name, Pagodane. Or more frequently, with a diagram. Or less obscurely, Tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane, a common substituent, and unanimously known as adamantane.
 * [[image:pagodane.png|thumb|100px|Pagodane]]
 * Iridium77 09:20, 18 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * No I am not an exalted chemist like yourself. I am merely a biochemistry student. My comment is not as unheard of as you make it seem. I agree that the diagram makes things much easier for the viewer. I was discouraged because ChemSketch takes so much more effort than drawing by hand. Especially since I had not used chemsketch or uploaded anything before (copying every compound to paint and then saving and uploading and adding to the page...).

 * Your comment "Common nomenclature is outdated" is frankly wrong. It's certainly not unheard of, we hear it all the time from people who have just come into contact with chemistry.

 * A little learning is a dangerous thing, drink deep or taste not the pierian spring: there shallow draughts intoxicate the brain, and drinking largely sobers us again

 * Yes, drawing things by hand is a lot quicker, but it's not so helpful for getting stuff on wikipedia. My point is that you've got to use the right tool for the job. For common molecules, functional groups etc, then the common name is usually the way to go. For moderately complex things, IUPAC may be ok sometimes (2,3 dimethylsalicylic acid is easy enough), for anything more complicated, a diagram is probably necessary.
 * Iridium77 22:42, 4 May 2004 (UTC)

Given the vast number of chemical compounds I think it would be a good idea to create some kind of standard tutorial for how to create chemical diagrams and how to export them to wikipedia. Either that or have everyone just use IUPAC.

Also, I want to copy a visualization of a protein made with VMD here. Is there a standard program for visualizations, and how do copyrights work on them? Bensaccount 22:30, 3 May 2004 (UTC)

 * You just go for it, but look at http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/vmd/allversions/cite.html to see how to cite it.
 * Regarding a standard format, I agree. It would be helpful if we could come up with standard settings for the common software (chemdraw, isis, chemsketch) that would make things look smart.
 * Iridium77 22:42, 4 May 2004 (UTC)

There has been a long discussion on the mailing list about the use of SMILES notation for creating chemistry diagrams. SMILES notation is compact, well-documented, there are multiple tools for it, both Free/Open Source and proprietary. However, it needs the political and programming will for someone to add an extension to MediaWiki that will integrate these tools so we can write (for example) right|frame|nitrobenzene and get the expected result: a nice automatically generated chemical diagram of nitrobenzene as a PNG, in a frame with a caption. -- The Anome 15:27, 29 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * The general exchange format for chemical structures is Molfile. All of the programs (ChemDraw, ISIS and ChemSketch) will read it. ACD/ChemSketch has over 500,000 users. The freeware version supports organic molecules (http://www.acdlabs.com/download/chemsk.html) and allows 3D viewing in an attractive away (http://www.acdlabs.com/products/chem_dsn_lab/chemsketch/3d/). A new version will be released at the end of February and will support polymers and organometallics. To learn how to use it try the movies at http://www.acdlabs.com/download/movies/mov_draw.html (though these are for the commercial version!). The freeware version includes SMILES conversion. To see how molecules can be made to look checkout those shown on Reactive Reports at http://www.reactivereports.com/43/43_1.html. Chemistry NEEDS to be a part of Wikipedia for sure and free software exists to allow it to be visual and entertaining. It is both visual and entertaining month after month at http://www.reactivereports.com/ so why not on Wikipedia? tony27587 15:25, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Articles needing tender loving care
I have just listed the following articles on Copyright problems: Unless new stubs or articles are created at Calcium peroxide/Temp, Potassium monopersulfate/Temp, Magnesium peroxide/Temp and/or Sodium perborate monohydrate/Temp within a week or so, they will be deleted. Securiger 09:39, 5 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Calcium peroxide
 * Potassium monopersulfate
 * Magnesium peroxide
 * Sodium perborate monohydrate

How much property data?
I've been having thoughts about the balance between providing data and cluttering the page. A minimalist approach to the sidebar would be basic identification info (name, formula/structure, synonyms, CAS), and then external links to an MSDS and the NIST properties database. The next data to include would be the most useful basic properties (formula weight, phase transition temperatures, density). Some articles also feature some thermochemical data, and acid/base dissociation constants if applicable. One could also include stuff like index of refraction, dielectric constant, surface tension, etc...) but at some point, the properties sidebar gets to be longer than the text of the article, and the whole thing seems a bit silly.

Any thoughts on where to draw the line? Shimmin 14:46, 6 May 2004 (UTC)

(Self)referencing
I just put a reference to the Chemistry WikiProject on the Chemistry wikipage, which was rather quickly reverted by User:Darrien stating that selfreferencing should be avoided. The proper linking to a WikiProject should be on a Discussion page (see above), but how do we think about putting a wikilink to the project on a wikipage? Wim van Dorst 19:23, 2005 Apr 10 (UTC)
 * Found out a good answer in a good wikipage on this subject. Wim van Dorst 07:22, 2005 Apr 11 (UTC).

Do we want to standardize on the templates
Do want a since colour/layout for the three project templates, perhaps also applicable to the colour/layouts of the chemical infoboxes and other things for the Chemistry projects. Wim van Dorst 20:33, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC).
 * To let you know: I aligned all three templates that are related to the Chemistry wikiproject.. Wim van Dorst 20:18, 2005 Apr 16 (UTC).
 * I'm glad to see you're joining the CoffeeRoll standard. However, would you please consider making the image a bit smaller vertically, and making its background transparent (would require changing it from JPEG to GIF) so that it's brown rather than white? Yours, Radiant_* 14:02, May 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Good ideas: I couldn't reduce the height without making the picture totally unclear, but I did the transparant idea, and I reduced the picture size as well for faster downloads. Wim van Dorst 22:14, 2005 May 20 (UTC).
 * I'd like to propose the use of Image:Glasswareb.png for this template. Alpha blending is sorted out in all modern browsers, and looks much better than the hard-edges of transparent blending (ala GIF89). The resulting difference can be seen at

Rocks and Minerals table proposal
I've created a WikiProject Rocks and Minerals for anyone who'd like to join and comment. Tried to use compound table as a start but I think there are differences in the kinds of appropriate info. Comments welcome. Elf 21:29, 4 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Capitalization of chemical names
Please see Naming conventions (chemistry), where I'm asking for guidance on policy for capitalization of chemical names. -- The Anome 12:28, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Team member request for new isotope project
I hope to standardize the templates and tables by May 7, 2005. Anyone willing to work on this with me, even for a short time is greatly appreciated. It's the difference between getting this done in five months instead of three years. oo64eva (AJ) 15:28, Apr 5, 2005 (UTC)

Chem-stub template
I upgraded the chem-stub template to a layout similar to the other Chemistry templates. Cacycle, you added a 1em left-margin. Could you please explain (for my education) why? Wim van Dorst 21:37, 2005 Apr 15 (UTC).
 * The  ""  is against overlapping of the template and images in the articles. The 1em is the top-margin, not the left-margin (the order is: top, right, bottom, left), and is needed to separate the article texts and the template. Cacycle 22:16, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Hi, just a little note here... I don't want to get into an edit war, but you'll need to replace the div tag back on the stub. I fully understand you wanting to make it comply with your project's templates, but it must comply with the stub template format to identify it as a stub. Specifically, I am asking that the div tag to be replaced back on to the template. (div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub") -- AllyUnion (talk) 17:18, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for pointing this out. I did seek info about what format a template should comply with, but didn't find much. Apparently I should have looked further. Obviously, the div info is back in. Wim van Dorst 19:55, 2005 Apr 16 (UTC).

By way of explanation, and in response to a comment on my talk page: I didn't realize I was reverting it; I did the editing by hand, and intended that the template look like every single other stub template. Avoidable colored boxes are ugly, not to mention an unnecessary distraction from the content of the article. Also, I removed a mention of the wikiproject since convention dictates that an editors' project not be linked from the main namespace. — Dan | Talk 20:35, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the elucidation. But where can we find those conventions, standards etc for stubs (and other templates)? We aim to make the Chemistry wikiproject related templates uniform. Isn't that appropriate? And as a notification is by definition an editor's link in main namespace, I would think that guidelines for editing would be appropriate? Wim van Dorst 21:43, 2005 Apr 26 (UTC).

Potassium Monopersulfate
This request was accidentally posted in an archive page. Moved to the main discussion page here. Walkerma 14:26, 8 February 2006 (UTC)


text:
Talk:English Schools Foundation

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): 12changk2.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 20:38, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Comments
There are broken links in for the Primary Schools, like Kennedy School and Beacon Hill School. I think someone will need to redirect it to somewhere senseble.

spoon@sis.myschools.net

I would like to add a section on controversies just to provide context. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 12changk2 (talk • contribs) 06:20, 11 November 2015 (UTC)

Major restructuring
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have completed a major restructuring of the article. The new version of the article shifts the focus towards ESF's admissions and academics, away from things such as the ordinance and the debate about ESF's subvention so that the content of the article is now more relevant.

There are a few minor edits that still need to be made. The lead section needs to be updated to reflect the new content in the body, and it would be nice if we could update all of the sources if possible because the information will not be current in the new decade. We should also review the content in the article, and perhaps shorten some of the less important sections.

I hope we can raise this article to a C-Class standard through these edits. Keep on editing guys!

Best wishes,

Toby

Threedotshk (talk) 10:00, 7 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:English Schools Foundation


text:
Kitzsteinhorn

The Kitzsteinhorn is a mountain in the High Tauern range of the Central Eastern Alps in Austria. It is part of the Glockner Group and reaches a height of 3203 m AA. The Kitzsteinhorn Glaciers are a popular ski area.

Geography
The mountain is located north of the Alpine crest within the municipal area of Kaprun, Salzburg. It was first climbed in 1828 by local mountaineer Johann Entacher.

Today the summit can be easily reached using the Glacier Aerial Tramway from the valley station at 911 m, including the highest cable car pylon in the world, being 113.6 m tall with a diameter of 2.2 m. There is a restaurant and a panoramic terrace on the roof of the upper station, at 3029 m above sea level.

Climate change
Since the first comprehensive studies of the glacier in the 1960s, some scientists have measured a reduction of glacier surface area by more than two-thirds in 2022.

Ski area
Skiing on Mt Kitzsteinhorn already began in the early 20th century, when the German and Austrian Alpine Club erected a mountain hut (Krefelder Hütte) in 1907-09. The first cable car was put into operation in December 1965, and opened up the Schmiedingerkees and Maurerkees glaciers, making it the first glacier ski slope in the Austrian Alps. Nevertheless, the resort has to deal with environmental impacts and the global retreat of glaciers since 1850.

An underground funicular railway was opened in 1974, after two and a half years of building works to create the 3295 m long tunnel, to run in parallel with the cable car, for greater capacity. This funicular was the location of the Kaprun disaster in which 155 people died on 11 November 2000. To replace the funicular, Gletscherjet I (Glacier Jet I), a 24-person funitel, was brought into service on 23 December 2001. Gletscherjet II, a gondola lift, followed in the next year, opening on 19 October 2002.

title: Kitzsteinhorn


text:
Michael Stuart Brown

Michael Stuart Brown ForMemRS NAS AAA&S APS (born April 13, 1941) is an American geneticist and Nobel laureate. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Joseph L. Goldstein in 1985 for describing the regulation of cholesterol metabolism.

Education and early life
Brown was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Evelyn, a homemaker, and Harvey Brown, a textile salesman. His family is Jewish. He graduated from Cheltenham High School (Wyncote, Pennsylvania). Brown graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1962 and received his M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in 1966.

Career and research
Moving to the University of Texas Michael liked vann Warner Health Science Center in Dallas, now the UT Southwestern Medical Center, Brown and colleague Joseph L. Goldstein researched cholesterol metabolism and discovered that human cells have low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors that extract cholesterol from the bloodstream. The lack of sufficient LDL receptors is implicated in familial hypercholesterolemia, which predisposes heavily for cholesterol-related diseases. In addition to explaining the underlying pathology of this disease, their work uncovered a fundamental aspect of cell biology - receptor-mediated endocytosis. Their findings led to the development of statin drugs, the cholesterol-lowering compounds that today are used by 16 million Americans and are the most widely prescribed medications in the United States. Their discoveries are improving more lives every year, both in the US and around the world. New federal cholesterol guidelines will triple the number of Americans taking statin drugs to lower their cholesterol, reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke for countless people. Following these important advances, their team of dedicated researchers elucidated the role of lipid modification of proteins (protein prenylation) in cancer. In 1984 he was awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University together with Joseph L. Goldstein (co-recipient of 1985 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine). In 1988, Brown received the National Medal of Science for his contributions to medicine.

In 1993, their trainees Xiaodong Wang and Michael Briggs purified the sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). Since 1993, Brown, Goldstein, and their colleagues have described the unexpectedly complex machinery by which cells maintain the necessary levels of fats and cholesterol in the face of varying environmental circumstances.

Brown holds the W. A. (Monty) Moncrief Distinguished Chair in Cholesterol and Arteriosclerosis Research; is a Regental Professor of the University of Texas; holds the Paul J. Thomas Chair in Medicine.

Brown is also on the Prix Galien USA Committee that "recognizes the technical, scientific and clinical research skills necessary to develop innovative medicines".

Awards and honors
Brown has won numerous awards and honors, including:

 * 2016 - Keynote Speaker at the Congress of Future Medical Leaders
 * 2011 - Stadtman Distinguished Scientist Award, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
 * 2007 - Builders of Science Award, Research!America
 * 2005 - Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service
 * 2005 - Herbert Tabor Award, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
 * 2003 - Albany Medical Center Prize
 * 2002 - Kober Medal, Association of American Physicians
 * 1999 - Warren Alpert Foundation Prize, Harvard Medical School
 * 1991 - Elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS)
 * 1987 - Elected member of the American Philosophical Society
 * 1986 - Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement
 * 1985 - Nobel Prize for physiology and medicine
 * 1985 - Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
 * 1985 - William Allan Award, American Society of Human Genetics
 * 1984 - Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize
 * 1981 - Gairdner Foundation International Award
 * 1981 - Elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
 * 1980 - elected member of the National Academy of Sciences
 * 1979 - Lounsbery Award, U.S. National Academy of Sciences
 * 1978 - Passano Award, Johns Hopkins University
 * 1976 - Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry, American Chemical Society
 * 1974 - Heinrich Wieland Prize

title: Michael Stuart Brown


text:
Belonging (TV series)

Belonging is an English-language Welsh television drama series, produced by BBC Wales and broadcast on BBC One Wales.

The programme revolved around the lives of the Lewis family, and their various trials and tribulations in the changing environment of their South Wales town Bryncoed and modern Wales. The programme began in 1999, and its ninth and final series started in April 2008 and ended in June. A one-off ten-year anniversary special was broadcast on 16 April 2009, centring on a reunion of the Lewis family. Stephanie Parker died two days after the show ended.

title: Belonging (TV series)


text:
Daewoo Precision Industries USAS-12

The USAS-12 (Universal Sporting Automatic Shotgun 12 gauge) is an automatic shotgun manufactured in South Korea by Daewoo Precision Industries since the 1980s.

Design
The USAS-12 is a gas-operated, selective fire weapon, designed to provide sustained firepower in close-combat scenarios. It accepts detachable 10-round box magazines or 20-round drum magazines. Both types of magazine are made of polymer, and drum magazines have their rear side made from translucent polymer for quick determination of the number of shot shells left. It has an effective range of 40 m. In the early 1990s, a new CQ model of the USAS-12 was created. It looks similar to the original model, but unlike the original, it lacks the front sight and has a re-modeled carry handle. The bolt locks on 1 cylindrical locking piece that moves up into round hole in barrel extension.

History
The history of the USAS-12 dates from the 1980s vintage designs of Maxwell Atchisson. In about 1989, Gilbert Equipment Co. (USA) decided to bring up the selective fired weapon, broadly based on principles employed in Atchisson shotguns. The design of the new weapon was produced by John Trevor, Jr. Since Gilbert Equipment Co. had no manufacturing capabilities, it started to look for possible manufacturers. It turned out that the only maker that agreed to produce this weapon was the South Korean company Daewoo Precision Industries, a part of the Daewoo conglomerate. Daewoo engineers adapted the new weapon to their manufacturing techniques, and mass production commenced in the early 1990s. The USAS-12 sold well to military and security forces of several (unspecified) countries in Asia, and more than 30,000 USAS-12 shotguns were made by the mid-1990s.

During the same timeframe, Gilbert Equipment Co. tried to bring a semi-automatic version of the USAS-12 to the U.S. market, but Treasury Secretary Lloyd Bentsen classified this firearm as "having no sporting purpose", so it became a "destructive device" under the U.S. National Firearms Act of 1934. This greatly restricted its civilian use. During the late 1990s, RAMO Defence Co. began to assemble USAS-12 shotguns from Korean and U.S.-made parts for sale on the domestic market, but sales of this weapon were limited to government agencies only. The shotgun is still being manufactured by S&T Daewoo (now SNT Motiv) in Korea for military and law enforcement sales only.

A U.S. firearms manufacturer, Ameetec Arms LLC of Scottsdale, Arizona, started the manufacture of a USAS-12 semi-automatic clone in 2007, called the WM-12; it mainly differs from the USAS-12 by the lack of fixed sights and carrying handle, replaced by a Picatinny rail. The manufacturer stated that the WM-12 is not a "destructive device", and would thus be readily available to civilians. As of January 2008, however, the WM-12 was no longer to be found on Ameetec Arms online catalogs, because it was discontinued after its pre-production run. Only a few WM-12s were built using USAS-12 demilitarized shotguns.

Users

 * 🇧🇷 Brazil: Used by the GRUMEC and army Special Forces battalions
 * 🇨🇴 Colombia :Used by GAULA, and COPES
 * 🇵🇭 Philippines:Used by private security forces.
 * 🇵🇪 Peru
 * 🇰🇷 South Korea :Used by the 707th Special Mission Group
 * 🇹🇭 Thailand

Non-state Users

 * Grupos de autodefensa comunitaria
 * Karen National Liberation Army
 * Los Zetas
 * New People's Army

Conflicts

 * Mexican Drug War
 * Karen Conflict
 * New People's Army rebellion

title: Daewoo Precision Industries USAS-12


text:
Magna Moralia

The Magna Moralia (Latin for "Great Ethics") is a treatise on ethics traditionally attributed to Aristotle, though the consensus now is that it represents an epitome of his ethical thought by a later, if sympathetic, writer. Several scholars have disagreed with this, taking the Magna Moralia to be an authentic work by Aristotle, notably Friedrich Schleiermacher, Hans von Arnim, and J. L. Ackrill. In any case, it is considered a less mature piece than Aristotle's other ethical works, viz. the Nicomachean Ethics and the Eudemian Ethics. There is some debate as to whether they follow more closely the Eudemian or the Nicomachean version of the Ethics.

History of the title
The name "Magna Moralia" cannot be traced further back in time than the reign of Marcus Aurelius. Henry Jackson suggested that the work acquired its name from the fact that the two rolls into which it is divided would have loomed large on the shelf in comparison to the eight rolls of the Eudemian Ethics, even though the latter are twice as long. The title has been translated to Greek as "Ἠθικὰ Μεγάλα."

Editions

 * Losada (Spanish) paperback edition, ISBN 950-03-9305-0
 * Translation by Thomas Taylor (1812),
 * Harvard University Press hardcover edition (with the Metaphysics), ISBN 0-674-99317-9
 * "Magna Moralia" translated by St. George Stock (Internet Archive, 1915)
 * Free Audiobook Version of "Magna Moralia" translated by St. George Stock (Librivox)

Commentaries

 * Magna Moralia. Übersetzt und erläutert von Franz Dirlmeier, Berlin 1958. ISBN 3-05-001193-9

title: Magna Moralia


text:
Hugh Henry

Hugh Henry (born 12 February 1952) is a former Scottish Labour Party politician. He was the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Renfrewshire South, formerly Paisley South, from 1999 to 2016.

Background
Henry was born in Glasgow and raised in Erskine, Renfrewshire. He was educated at St Mirin's Academy in Paisley, the University of Glasgow and Jordanhill College of Education in Glasgow. Prior to working in politics, he worked as an accountant with IBM UK Ltd, as a teacher and as a welfare rights officer with Strathclyde Regional Council. He was a local councillor from 1984 until 1999, including 4 years as leader of Renfrewshire Council. A former Marxist, he was once a supporter of the Militant tendency.

Member of the Scottish Parliament
Henry was appointed Deputy Minister for Health and Community Care in the Scottish Executive in 2001, and moved to become Deputy Minister for Social Justice in 2002. He was appointed Deputy Minister for Justice after the 2003 Scottish Parliament election, and became Minister for Education in 2006. He retained the education brief in opposition after the 2007 election. Henry was named Scottish Politician of the Year in 2010, for his performance as Convenor of the Public Affairs Committee. On 11 May 2011, Henry stood in the election for the 4th Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament, coming second to Tricia Marwick, a Scottish National Party MSP. He stood down from the Scottish Parliament on 23 March 2016.

Personal life
Henry is married with two daughters and one son.

title: Hugh Henry


text:
User:Theo F/monobook.css

 * 1) bodyContent { font-family: arial; }

title: User:Theo F/monobook.css


text:
John Frederick

John Frederick may refer to:
 * John Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp (1579–1634), Lutheran administrator of the prince-bishoprics of Bremen, Lübeck and Verden
 * John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (1503–1554), known as "The Magnanimous"
 * , "the middle one" (1529–1595)
 * John Frederick, Duke of Württemberg (1582–1628)
 * John Frederick (London MP) (1601–1685), British Member of Parliament for Dartmouth, 1660–1661, and City of London, 1663–1679, and Lord Mayor of London
 * Sir John Frederick, 4th Baronet (1708–1783), British Member of Parliament for New Shoreham, 1740–1741, and West Looe, 1743–1761
 * Sir John Frederick, 5th Baronet (1750–1825), British Member of Parliament for Newport, 1774–1780, Christchurch, 1781–1790, and Surrey, 1794–1807
 * John Frederick, a pseudonym of Frederick Schiller Faust (1892–1944), an American western author known as Max Brand
 * John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1654–1686)
 * John Frederick (English cricketer) (1846–1907), English cricketer
 * John Frederick (Australian cricketer), Australian cricketer
 * John T. Frederick (1893–1975), literary editor, scholar, critic, and novelist
 * John Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (1600–1628), Duke of Saxe-Weimar
 * John Frederick, Count Palatine of Sulzbach-Hilpoltstein (1587–1644)
 * John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1625–1679)
 * John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania (1542–1600)
 * John Frederick, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1721–1767)
 * John W. Frederick Jr. (1923–1972), American Marine POW during the Vietnam War

title: John Frederick


text: User talk:82.201.156.30

title: User talk:82.201.156.30


text: Template:Bungie

title: Template:Bungie


text:
Naddodd

Naddodd (Naddoðr or Naddaðr ; Naddoður ; Naddoddur; fl. c. 9th century) was a Norse Viking who is credited with the discovery of Iceland.

Biography
Naddodd was born in Agder in what is today southern Norway. He was one of the earliest settlers on the Faroe Islands after Grímur Kamban became the first to settle there around 825.

Landnámabók, a medieval Icelandic manuscript, describes in considerable detail the settlement of Iceland (Icelandic: landnám) by the Norse in the 9th and 10th centuries. According to the Landnámabók, Iceland was discovered by Naddodd, who was sailing from Norway to the Faroe Islands, but got lost and drifted to the east coast of Iceland. Naddodd came upon the shore of a land with a bay and mountains near what is today the Icelandic town of Reyðarfjörður.

Although he climbed a mountain to look for smoke rising from fireplaces, he saw no sign of human activity. Naddodd decided to continue his journey to the Faroe Islands, but as he returned to his boat, it started to snow, so he named the land Snowland (Snæland). The island was later known as Iceland (Ísland) following the settlement of Hrafna-Flóki Vilgerðarson.

Naddodd was the probable father of Ann Naddodsdóttir from Shetland. Naddodd was distantly related to Erik the Red and his son, Leif Erikson.

title: Naddodd


text:
Talk:Giuseppe Fanelli

Untitled
It should be 'Giuseppe Fanelli, not Giuseppi. Giuseppe is just an Anglicized spelling for the Italian name Giuseppe (note that it's pronounced /dZu'zEppe/ in Italian, not /dZu'zEppi/. Wathiik 14:30, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

"Many people speculate that he joined the Spanish anarchist movement in part because of homosexual feelings for Mikhail Bakunin, supposedly documented in a journal found in a Spanish inn." Is there any evidence for this? Harrypotter 12:42, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Giuseppe Fanelli


text:
The Land (song)

"The Land" is a protest song, traditionally sung by the Georgist movement in pursuit and promotion of land value taxation. Its first appearance is from a Chicago Georgist publication, The Single Tax, in 1887 as "The Land Song" Until the late 1970s it was sung at the end of each year's Liberal Assembly and was the party anthem of the Liberal Party, until that party merged with the SDP to form the Liberal Democrats. To this day it remains the de facto anthem of the Liberal Democrats, and is sung as the first song of the Liberal Democrats' Glee Club, at the twice-per-year Liberal Democrat Conference, and is the party anthem of the continuity Liberal Party. During the chorus, the phrase 'ballot in our hand' is accompanied by the collective waving of any paper to hand (usually a Liberator song book) by the audience.

Michael Foot, leader of the Labour Party from 1980 to 1983, recalled to the BBC World Service how he heard and learned the song while growing up in a Liberal household in the west of England. Foot said it was the best political song he had heard, imbued with the democratic spirit and designed to put fear in the hearts of the landlords.

The song became a Liberal radical anthem in the aftermath of David Lloyd George's "People's Budget" of 1909 which proposed a tax on land. During the two general elections of the following year, "The Land Song" became the governing Liberals' campaign song. Sheet music was published and a 78rpm disc of the song was released. A recording made at a Glee Club around 1990 has been deposited at the Janey Buchan Political Song Collection in Glasgow. Michael Foot's comments about the song, and snippets of the song itself, featured in a series on political song broadcast on The World Today on the BBC World Service — the entire series is now held by the British Library Sound Archive.

Lyrics
The lyrics have changed slightly over the years. Three versions are included here. The first is from its original 1887 Chicago publication; the second is from a recording issued for the 1910 UK general elections; the third is from the Liberator song book.

(To the tune of "Marching Through Georgia".)

title: The Land (song)