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Pemexgate

Pemexgate was a political scandal of the Mexican political party PRI that occurred during the presidency of Ernesto Zedillo (1994-2000) and was discovered and investigated during the presidency of Vicente Fox (2000-2006). It was centered on the transfer of 500 million pesos (US$53 million) to the PRI candidate for the 2000 Presidential Elections, Francisco Labastida Ochoa, from Pemex, Mexico's national oil company.

A year long of intense investigations, hearings, and negotiations occurred in 2002, but no one was prosecuted by the Procuraduría General de la República (PGR) in the end. The National Electoral Institute (IFE) still found PRI guilty of violating the electoral law and fined them a huge sum of over 1 billion pesos (US$97 million) for its failure to report the campaign funding diverted from Pemex. The fine was considered the largest in history, equal to the financing the PRI would have received from the fed in 2003 and half of 2004.

Mexico's nationalization of the oil industry
President Lázaro Cárdenas nationalized the oil industry in Mexico in 1938 as a result of dispute between the labor union and the petroleum companies. Before then, the oil industry was dominated by foreign companies with foreign capital that resisted the formation of unions. When the Mexican Petroleum Workers Union's (STPRM) was finally formed in 1935, they demanded fair working conditions and increased wages, which was supported by President Cárdenas' recommendation to bring the issue to the arbitration board. The union members issued a strike when their needs were not met, which caused a petroleum shortage in the country for a short period.

The arbitration board eventually sided with the union, and the Supreme Court ordered that the companies should meet the workers' demands. However, the companies protested, and Cárdenas offered a deal to end the strike if the companies paid 26 million pesos for the loss of wage incurred by the strike. When neither option passed, Cárdenas decided to create the national oil company, Pemex.

The expropriation was an acid test of the newly announced Good Neighbor Policy by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Despite concerns that this will sour relations between United States and Mexico, the two were more cordial than ever before and even ended up in the Latin American countries joining the United States on the allied side.

Since then, the Mexican government has shared very close relationship with Pemex. The government even created a research arm for Pemex called the Mexican Petroleum Institute (IMP) to encourage national capabilities, consequently turning Pemex into an "elite super-agency". Pemex had essentially become the government's tool to promote Mexico's development through economic and social initiatives.

Pemex is significantly affected by the Mexican constitution and other laws, which prevents it from pursuing domestic joint ventures or other equity related contracts that threaten Mexico’s patrimony. The restrictive nature of the company combined with its complicated relationship with the Mexican federal government leave its managers with few responsibilities. Yet, the political fragmentation in Mexico suggests that no single entity has strategic dominance over the company, especially after the 2000 elections. Its inability to exercise various economic strategies under a government that does not have a strong hold of the company has turned it into “an instrument for the state’s financial engineering”. Thus, the Mexican government has been very dependent on Pemex financially, as the company’s short-term revenues are used to filling in federal budget holes. In total, Pemex’s financing of the Mexican government adds up to around 40% of Mexico’s federal budget.

2000 presidential election
The 2000 Presidential Election in Mexico marked the end of PRI’s reign of power in the Mexican government. Until then, the PRI had ruled the Mexican government since 1929, and had built a national political system with the belief that they will always rule. The election was a politically significant moment in history due to the victory of Vicente Fox from the National Action Party (PAN) and since it marked the independence of the congress from the PRI.

Fox's victory was unexpected due to the PRI's reign, but not entirely unprecedented. In the midst of efforts to make Mexico a truly democratic nation, citizens projected the need for change in the government through their votes. Analysis of the voting results show that 28% of voters chose the PRI for the candidate, but 50% for the party, whereas 52% chose the PAN for the candidate and 35% for the party. Comparing between candidates, an overwhelming 66% of voters who voted for Fox said that they cast their ballots for change in the nation, whereas Labastida received 15% and Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas of the PRD received 18%. Supporters of PAN and many university graduates cast their ballots for Fox based on their belief that a true democracy should elect leaders, which Fox perfectly represented through the change he would bring to the nation in the democratic context.

In order to promote their candidate Francisco Labastida, the PRI used its network throughout the nation. Most notably, the director or Pemex, Rogelio Montemayor Seguy, allegedly transferred $127 million to Labastida and other campaigns by the PRI. Despite the efforts, the election results gave Fox 42.5% of the votes, 36.1% for Labastida.

Fox's anticorruption efforts
Vicente Fox, as promised during his presidential campaign, made efforts to clarify past corruptions during his presidency. His first few years in office were high in public profile due to all the news related to allegations of corruption followed by his pledge to pursue it.

The initial allegation began in January 2002, when the Office of the Comptroller General (SECODAM) reported illegal laundering of more than 120 million pesos (US$13 million) from PEMEX's operating funds through the Mexican Petroleum Workers Union's (STPRM) account to Francisco Labastida's presidential campaign in 2000. The high-ranking officials that were allegedly found guilty include Rogelio Montemayor, and labor leader Senator Carlos Romero Deschamps of the PRI party.

The PGR conducted two different investigations. The first was on whether the funding for the campaign came from public funds and if the agreement between Pemex and the union are legitimate, and the second was on whether the electoral laws had been violated. Investigation by SECODAM revealed that a portion of the 1.6 million pesos (US$172 million) that had been illegitimately transferred from PEMEX to STPRM in 2000 was also sent to the Labastina campaign. In September 2002, the government issued arrest warrants against Montemayor, union treasurer and federal deputy Ricardo Aldana Prieto, and Romero Deschamps. It also requested that the two union leaders have their legislative immunity stripped by the Congress. Montemayor resisted extradition by fleeing to the United States for two years and returning to Mexico in September 2004.

Despite Fox's pledge, the government began withdrawing its allegations over time. Money laundering charges against officials of STPRM were soon withdrawn, and in July 2003, the PGR special unit claimed that the illegal source of the funds were unidentified due to insufficient evidence. Three other individuals, including a government official and a PEMEX employee, were pardoned after being accused of mishandling half of the funds diverted to the campaign. Within the remaining members of PEMEX, the former director of PEMEX, Raúl Muñoz Leos, was fined 862 million pesos (US$82,000) and restricted from maintaining public posts for the next ten years. Eventually, the IFE could only provide evidence that the PRI did not report 500 million pesos (US$53,000), which clearly surpassed the campaign's funding limits, and fined the PRI for 1 billion pesos (over US$53,000) in March 2003.

Vicente Fox was often accused by PRI legislators for witch-hunting based on false accusations. Although many investigations occurred, the lack of prosecutions made people wonder if the government had made a deal with the PRI for leniency. One of the many rumors said that the deal was made to cover the Amigos de Fox case, which involved the president himself.

Results of the investigation
Executives from PEMEX who were declared innocent: Rogelio Montemayor (ex director of the administrative corporative), Carlos Juaristi Septien (ex director of the financial corporative), and Julio Pindter Gonzalez (subdirector of labor relations).

From the union, three men were declared innocent of money laundering and organized delinquency, but they were accused of electoral fraud and illegal exercise of the public trust: Carlos Romero Deschamps (leader of the union), Ricardo Aldana (union member), Jesus Olvera Mendez (union member).

From the PRI, four men were declared innocent from money laundering and organized delinquency, but they were accused of electoral fraud. It is important to mention that they were collaborators (directly involved in the campaign) of Francisco Labastida. They were: Carlos Aldama (ex secretary of elections), Jorge Cárdenas Elizondo (ex secretary of financial department), Alonso Bretón Figueroa (sub secretary of financial department), and Joel Hortiales Pacheco (ex technical secretary of financial department).

Media coverage
Despite the severity of the scandal, news stories about corruption was not at all prevalent during the scandal or after. It is interesting to see that a few stories deal with the punishment of corrupt government officials. In particular, Pemexgate had less than 40 articles related to corruption in the newspaper Milenio while other scandals reach until 200 scandals. The surprisingly small number of Pemexgate or Amigos de Fox related articles raises to suspicion.

In 2000, El Universal published 927 articles related to Pemex's corruption. Many of El Universal's articles explicitly discuss the corruption related to the election. An article published on September 27, 2002, titled 'PRI, corresponsable del Pemexgate: Robles' openly discusses the PRD's report on diverted funds from Pemex to Labastida, and calls for further investigations. Rosario Robles Berlanga, the national leader of the PRD, says, "Este asunto no se queda solamente en los líderes petroleros, ni tampoco en quienes estaban al frente de la paraestatal en ese momento, sino también tiene que ir a fondo hacia la investigación de la campaña presidencial del PRI" ("This issue is not only left to the Pemex officials, nor to those who were in charge of the state at that time, but also has to go deep into the investigation of the presidential campaign of the PRI"). Additionally, the article lists names of the individuals who were allegedly involved in Labastida's presidential campaign.

El Universal published significantly fewer articles regarding the corruption in Labastida's campaign in 2000, the year of the elections. However, few of them openly discuss their lack of support for Labastida. In an article published on June 15, 2000, a Pemex official named Ramiro Berrón Lara denied his support for Labastida in the upcoming elections, despite Labastida's pressure towards Pemex workers to vote for him.

title: Pemexgate


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Tawny Man trilogy

The Tawny Man trilogy is a series of novels by American author Robin Hobb, and the third trilogy in the Realm of the Elderlings sequence. Narrated in first person by FitzChivalry Farseer, it follows his life in his mid-thirties, and is set after the events of the Farseer Trilogy and the Liveship Traders.

Background and publication
As the third trilogy in the Realm of the Elderlings series, the events of Tawny Man occur after and are influenced by the Farseer and Liveship novels. Hobb described her personal response to going back to Fitz's narrative voice as akin to "putting on a really comfortable pair of jeans", finding it a relaxing writing experience. She stated that her goal was for the trilogy to stand independently of the conclusion of the Farseer novels, following Fitz's life 15 years after its events.

Fool's Errand was published in October 2001 by HarperCollins Voyager in the UK, and in January 2002 by Bantam Spectra in the US. The second volume followed exactly one year later in each country, and was titled The Golden Fool in the UK and Golden Fool in the US. The concluding book, Fool's Fate, was released in October 2003 in the UK, and in February 2004 in the US. The series was marketed as The Tawny Man trilogy, and is also known as the Tawny Man trilogy. The UK covers were illustrated by John Howe, while the US versions were designed by Stephen Youll.

The setting of the Elderlings novels, in particular the Tawny Man trilogy, has been recognized as resembling the Pacific Northwest, where Hobb grew up. Scholar Geoffrey B. Elliott notes that the Out Islands feature ice- and glacier-filled isles as well as a group of people with a matrilineal system of rule; this shares resemblance to Northwestern geography and indigenous cultures. Hobb wrote two further series in the same world: the Rain Wild Chronicles and the Fitz and the Fool trilogy, which the series concluded with in 2017.

Fool's Errand
The start of the trilogy finds Fitz in his mid-thirties, living in a cottage with the wolf Nighteyes and his adopted son Hap. Visitors to his home include the Fool, who prompts him to recount memories of life away from society, as well as the minstrel Starling, who shares his bed on occasion. In remembrance of old times, Fitz proceeds on a hunt with Nighteyes and the Fool; it however ends with Nighteyes' collapse, a first sign in the book of the wolf's aging body. Fitz heals him with the Skill, bringing the wolf back from the brink of death, and nearly dies himself, but is saved by the Fool. He is also visited by Chade, who requests his help training prince Dutiful in the Skill; Fitz however refuses, preferring the quietness of life away from the crown.

Fitz eventually returns to Buck at the behest of his son Hap, who wishes to apprentice in the town. He becomes unwittingly embroiled in a quest to find the prince, who has disappeared, and tracks him to a distant estate filled with strange hunting cats. Fitz eventually realizes that the prince is Witted and bonded to a cat; he further discovers that while the animal has the body of a cat, it is controlled by its previous Wit-partner, who moved to the cat's body in violation of its desires. The prince's capture was engineered by a group of Witted called the Piebald, who seek to overthrow the Farseer throne by force. Fitz, the Fool and Nighteyes stand against the Piebald, but suffer injuries; Fitz breaks away with the prince using a series of Skill-pillars and defeats his captors.

On a wintry night, Fitz shares a Wit-dream with Nighteyes where the wolf bounds away alone to hunt in the snow; awakening, he finds that Nighteyes has passed away. Distraught, he returns to Buck.

The Golden Fool
Fitz's evolving relationships with Dutiful and the Fool form a prominent plot thread of The Golden Fool. Dutiful regards Fitz as a father figure, even displaying jealousy on learning of Hap, his foster son; this catches Fitz unawares, and he agrees to return to Buck and teach Dutiful the Skill. In the castle he meets Thick, a servant who is strong in the Skill, and from whom Fitz learns the location of the remaining Piebald. He encounters and kills them in the city, but is grievously injured and arrested; a group led by Chade smuggle him to the palace and attempt a Skill healing on him. Fitz lies in a coma, but eventually awakens, to find that Dutiful has now learnt his true identity. Fitz is brought almost to a breaking point on hearing what he terms a terrible secret spoken out loud; a secret he kept masked for more than a decade. Recovering, he finds that Dutiful now looks to him in adulation, an emotion Fitz is unused to receiving.

Through these events, Fitz stays masked in the palace as a servant of the Fool, who dresses as Lord Golden. He learns that the Fool spent the events of the Liveship Traders trilogy as a woman, Amber, and that she loves Fitz, carving a ship's masthead in his likeness. Unable to process either of these statements, Fitz testily states to the Fool that he does not desire him physically, in response to which the Fool withdraws. In another plot thread, the Old Blood venture out of their exile to negotiate with Queen Kettricken, resulting in the establishment of a Witted coterie in the court of the Six Duchies.

In a parallel thread, the Narcheska, princess of the Out Islands, visits the Six Duchies in preparation for marriage with Dutiful. She asserts, however, that her marriage is conditioned on Dutiful bringing to her hearth the head of the dragon IceFyre, rumored to be an icy mountain in the north. Dutiful accepts, but the Fool is dismayed, and tries to persuade Fitz that he must instead return the dragons to the world.

Fool's Fate
Fitz, Dutiful and his Skilled and Witted coteries travel to the Out Islands by ship. Distrusting the Fool's intentions about dragons, Fitz bars him from their travels and leaves him on the shores of Buck before they depart. In the Out Islands, they meet the Narcheska's clans and its neighbors, who harbor distrust for them and their quest. They then journey to Aslevjal to slay the dragon IceFyre, where Fitz is surprised to discover the Fool waiting for him; using the Witness stones, the Fool teleported to the quarry in the Mountain Kingdom, where he persuaded the stone Girl-on-a-Dragon to fly him to Aslevjal. Fitz and the Fool reconcile, despite their opposing goals, and travel in search of IceFyre; however, all they find is an icy land, with little sign of the dragon.

Unknown to them, the Pale Woman, a self-styled White Prophet who claims to see the future, waits underground in the icy caverns of Aslevjal. She has IceFyre imprisoned in chains; it is later revealed that Dutiful's quest was a ploy by her to end the Farseer dynasty as well as to capture the Fool, the true prophet. She succeeds in the latter, torturing the Fool to death. Fitz manages to free the dragon IceFyre, with a battle ensuing between him and a stone dragon Forged by the Pale Woman; the dragon Tintaglia from the Liveship novels flies in to assist. The stone dragon is eventually defeated with the aid of Burrich, who wields the Wit as a weapon, but at the cost of personal injury and death. Fitz finds the Fool dead underground, wearing the crown of the Rooster King; finding a version of the Fool trapped in the crown, he swaps bodies with him and heals the Fool using the Skill.

Much to Fitz's reluctance, the Fool leaves him on a journey to his home Clerres. Over a score of years, Fitz meets and reconciles with Molly; the trilogy ends with them together in Chivalry's former estate.

Themes
Fitz's internal conflicts in the Farseer trilogy – in particular, the sense of shame and trauma that result from his being Witted – have been described by scholars as an allegory for queerness. Fitz leads a closeted life as a Witted practitioner, largely due to his negative experiences with his guardian Burrich, whose shame for being Witted he internalizes. He later meets a like group of Witted outcasts who, akin to a queer support group, impart in him a sense of belonging and self-acceptance for his identity. In an evolution of this narrative, the Tawny Man trilogy shifts focus from Fitz's personal struggle to the larger struggle for equal rights for the Witted.

Fool's Errand features a group of Witted revolutionaries called the Piebalds, who attempt a military uprising against the Farseer throne. While the Piebalds' actions are extremist, even endangering their brethren who disagree with their methods, their perception of the Wit intrigues Fitz. In contrast to his Witted shame, the Piebalds take pride in their identity. Their assertions, which scholar Peter Melville compares to slogans from 1990s queer activism, create a conflict between Fitz's Witted identity and his allegiance to the throne. However, he finally sides with the latter. Melville describes Fitz as "inhibited by the hegemonic hold the state has on him", bound in service to a social structure that denies him the right to live as himself.

Hobb portrays queer themes through the Fool and his relationship with Fitz. An enigmatic character whose gender identity shifts through the series, the Fool presents as a man in the Farseer novels, and as the woman Amber in the Liveship Traders. In Golden Fool, Fitz learns about the Fool's genderfluid identity. He reacts negatively, feeling betrayed that the Fool was not who Fitz perceived him to be, and testily tells the Fool that he does not desire him physically. This conversation creates a rift between them that is healed only by the end of the series. It is only through the magic of the Skill that Fitz is able to appreciate Fool's identity: in Fool's Fate, when Fitz heals the Fool's battered body and they swap selves, Fitz states that "in those hours of rebuilding, I realized and accepted him as he was. [...] He was human only in the same way that I was a wolf". This dynamic is further developed in the concluding Fitz and The Fool trilogy.

Reception
Writing in the magazine Tor.com, author Natasha Pulley remarked on how the trilogy built its characterization through details, stating that "Fitz is one of the most meticulously imagined characters I’ve read, in one of the most meticulously imagined worlds". Reviewing the conclusion of The Tawny Man trilogy, The Birmingham Post likewise commented positively on the series' flawed and believable characters. The reviewer critiqued the epilogue as overly long, but otherwise praised the series, describing Hobb as "one of the best writers of the fantasy genre currently operating".

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Tawny Man trilogy


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Theresa Burke

Theresa Frances Veronica Burke is a Canadian writer, journalist and producer for the CBC's television newsmagazine, The Fifth Estate. She was born in Toronto.

On May 20, 1999, Burke was on the telephone with bank robber Ty Conn, an escapee from the Kingston Penitentiary (one of Canada's most secure prisons) when he shot himself as the police were attempting his re-arrest. She co-authored Who Killed Ty Conn (2001) with Linden MacIntyre.

She won a Canadian Association of Journalists award in 2000 for her work on "His Word Against History", a Fifth Estate production about the life of Steven Truscott, a Canadian man who was convicted of murder in 1959.

Burke has a child with writer Rick Salutin.

title: Theresa Burke


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File:Members - At The Chelsea Nightclub album cover.jpg

Summary
The Members - At The Chelsea Nightclub. Original UK LP album cover

Licensing
Original UK release album cover - album covers are fair use. Picture scanned by me Ian Dunster from original UK LP album.


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Rockslide (character)

Rockslide (Santo Vaccarro) is a fictional mutant superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character has been depicted as a member of the X-Men, and a student in the Xavier Institute and a member of the former Hellions squad therein. After M-Day, he was one of only 28 students to retain his powers. He is best friends with Julian Keller (Hellion) and is extremely close to and protective of Cessily Kincaid (Mercury). Despite his earlier appearances as a stereotypical bully, he has evolved into a good-natured (though extremely boastful) and fiercely protective friend to most of the school's students.

Publication history
Rockslide first appeared in New Mutants vol. 2 #3 and was created by Nunzio DeFilippis and Christina Weir.

Fictional character biography
An Italian-American mutant from Boston, Santo was sent to the Xavier Institute where he befriended Julian and the would-be Hellions. He was originally advised by Iceman, but was selected by Emma Frost to be part of her prized Hellions squad. Vaccaro and the rest of the Hellions went on to win the field tournament and were declared the best squad at the end of the school year. Santo dreams of being a super-human wrestling star and enjoys murder-mystery television programs (such as Medium starring Patricia Arquette and Murder, She Wrote). He is also a fan of Dance Dance Revolution.

During the summer vacation, Julian, from a well-to-do background, invited his friends to his home. The Hellions ran into trouble quickly, as his and Cessily's appearances disturbed people at the airport. After a brief struggle, the group was allowed to board, and made their way to California, where Julian originates. Soon, the team encountered the 'Kingmaker', from whom they each received a trial wish. Santo's wish was to become a World-class Champion in superhuman wrestling. However, when the Hellions eventually refused a permanent deal with the Kingmaker, the Kingmaker shattered Santo with a laser blast. Julian used his telekinesis to piece Rockslide back together, and together the Hellions defeated the Kingmaker.

Decimation
After the effects of M-Day, he was one of the few students who didn't lose their powers. The depowered students and staff were sent to their homes. One bus was bombed by anti-mutant religious zealot Reverend William Stryker, and Santo's former teammate and friend Brian (Tag) was among those killed. The X-Men held a funeral for those students whose parents would not accept them, and Santo reflected upon how he had "failed" by not being able to save those killed.

With the mutant population drastically decreased, the government sent the Sentinel O*N*E* Squad to watch over the school, which began housing as many remaining mutants as would take refuge. All of the remaining students were placed by Emma Frost into an all-out brawl, and the ones deemed to be the best were to be assigned to become a group of in-training X-Men. Santo made the team and began training to become an X-Man.

William Stryker continued his terror attacks against the school. Santo's teammate Josh (Elixir) ended Stryker's plans by killing him. The New X-Men, with the help of David (Prodigy), then made the connection between Stryker and Nimrod. The team leader, Nori (Surge), then decided that the team would find and destroy the robot. When the team confronted Nimrod, Rockslide revealed how much the death of his fellow schoolmates had affected him when he intercepted an attack by Nimrod meant for Hellion crying "Not again!" He was obliterated by the attack, fueling the rest of the team in their eventual defeat of Nimrod. Julian and Mercury tried desperately to awaken and to piece him back together, but Rockslide's remains were initially unresponsive. Thankfully, even in his shattered form, he was able to survive, and was finally put back together, only to become larger and more rugged than his previous form. Rockslide is later seen talking to Match and Anole about their abilities and how useful or useless they would be if they joined the New X-Men team, indicating Match and Anole may be possible candidates for admission onto the team. He was at the memorial service for all the students lost in Stryker's attack on the institute.

Rockslide sees the Young Avengers on television, learning about them for the first time, to his fellow students' surprise. He decides that the New X-Men should beat them up, with himself fighting Hulkling. Fellow students Loa and Anole tell him that Hulkling would win.

Rockslide accompanied the X-Men when they jumped from the Blackbird to save Cessily from the Facility. He helped with great enthusiasm during the fight, and in the aftermath, made fun of Shadowcat and her powers, saying that being an X-Man must be "really hard". Kitty then jokingly threatened to kill him.

Quest for Magik
Santo and the other students were captured by Belasco, and taken to Limbo. While hiding from Belasco, along with Blindfold, Match, Loa, Anole, Wolf Cub, Pixie, and Gentle, Santo was unsure what to do. As demons approached the group, Santo fought them off, but then seemingly exploded when he tried to shoot his fists at them. Santo then seems to reconstitute himself in a magma rock form that is also impervious to magic and beats the badness out of Illyana who then helps them to rescue their fellow students and kill Belasco. Back home, Rockslide threatens to quit if Pixie and Anole aren't made part of the New X-Men.

World War Hulk
Rockslide is one of the students that goes up against the Hulk when he attacks the institute. He knocks over the Hulk so the other students can hold him down, but is knocked away when Hulk regains his strength. When Rockslide attacks him alone, it appears that Hulk knows who he is and what he can do. The Hulk rips off both of Rockslide's arms, steps on him, then tears off his legs. He then rids Rockslide of his limbs by throwing them a great distance, ridding Rockslide of his powers and the ability of ambulatory function. His limbs were eventually located after Hulk leaves.

Santo has stated that as a kid he pretended he was the Hulk.

Children of X-Men
Rockslide is seen playing pool with X-23 and Anole; he and X-23 try to convince Anole to let them cut his other arm off. After Santo calls Anole a sissy, Anole gets offended and pushes him out the window while Rockslide proclaims "I swear I didn't know! Don't be so sensitive!" After Rockslide refuses to blow himself up, Anole calls him a sissy to get him to do it. Anole then offers to try and blow up Santo himself.

Beast and Colossus supervise Santo's brief training on exploding and regenerating.

Santo later agrees to stay up with Indra because he is worried that he is going to die and while having an indoor campfire, Santo points out that it doesn't matter how old they are, they are mutants and someone is going to come gunning for them, and when they do he wants to go down fighting. Later, he outs Anole as gay to some of the other students, though Loa was already aware and says that everyone already knew of his orientation.

Messiah Complex
Some of the New-X-Men decide to launch a pre-emptive strike against the Purifiers. After spying on the Purifiers, they are ambushed by the Reavers; Rockslide and X-23 manage to damage Lady Deathstrike’s armor. Pixie then manages to teleport the team out and are spread between Washington and the institute. He was later seen aboard the X-Jet with Iceman and the New-X-Men during the Sentinel attack on the mansion.

Later, he is seen talking with Dust about honoring the dead. They are joined by Mercury and as they approach the cemetery they find Predator X feasting on the bodies of dead mutants much to their horror. He holds the creature back so the others can escape, knowing that he can't be killed by it, though it does make short work of him.

Young X-Men
Santo meets up with Blindfold at a coffee shop and she tells him about her premonition of soon-to-be-formed Young X-Men squad, including the death of one of their future teammates, though he appears to take no heed. Just as predicted, Cyclops offers Santo the position, but claims that he was not planning on recruiting Blindfold. Santo demands that she be added to the team, stating that Blindfold's premonition included both him and her, and threatened to reject Cyclops' offer if she was not recruited as well.

It is later revealed that Cyclops is really Donald Pierce in disguise manipulating the Young X-Men to attack the original New Mutants, as Blindfold predicted, Wolf Cub is killed in the final confrontation with Pierce, which impacts Santo greatly.

X-Infernus
Santo and Mercury are watching a training session between Pixie and Nightcrawler when Pixie stabs Kurt with her soul dagger. They run in and move Pixie away from Kurt's unconscious body, Beast enters and Pixie regains her senses. When she removes her dagger, Magik's soulsword emerges from his chest and Magik teleports in ready to reclaim her sword.

Rockslide takes on Illyana, thinking he is still resistant to magic, forgetting that it was only when he was composed of Limbo's terrain. Illyana shocks him by easily defeating him. After he reforms, the gathered X-Men hold a meeting and he along with Mercury are put on a team of X-Men being sent to Limbo due to their resistance to magic, but only if he reforms from Limbo rock.

In Limbo, Rockslide reforms out of Limbo's terrain as the team enters Belasco's castle to assist Pixie. Finding Illyana defeated by Witchfire and Pixie transformed into a demon, Rockslide and Mercury are forced to fight Colossus and Wolverine who become magically mind-controlled.

Utopia
Rockslide moves with the X-Men when they are forced out of U.S. soil by Norman Osborn. Still a student, Rockslide dreams of becoming a full-fledged X-member and goes on vigilante missions with Anole in the cover of darkness. He is on Utopia during the attacks of Selene's Transmutant slaves as well as Bastion's Nimrod Sentinels from the future. When Wolverine decides to re-open the school to give the kids a life without violence, Santo agrees to go back to the school.

Under new guides such as Chamber, Santo has settled down as a kid for the first time since House of M.

Wolverine's School
When Wolverine reopens the school, Santo is sent back to Westchester to study alongside his friends. His best friend is Anole and he has almost lost all contact with his former best friend Hellion, although they all reside in the school.

House of X
In the pages of "House of X and Powers of X," Rockslide became a resident of Krakoa when it was established as a mutant paradise.

During the "Empyre" storyline, Rockslide, Loa, and Anole go to Arrako Point on Krakoa and meet with the High Summoner of Arrako where he teaches them the game of weakness which gets interrupted when a Cotati fleet approaches Krakoa.

During the "X of Swords" storyline, the High Summoner of Arrakoa betrayed Rockslide when he came to rescue Unus the Untouchable and killed him. His body was brought back to Krakoa. The Five tried to revive Rockslide only to end up creating a combination clone of every Rockslide variant throughout the Multiverse as a side effect of Rockslide dying in Otherworld. Polaris honored him by using the rocks that helped to make up his body to make a casting circle in the Voltus Glade so that Krakoa' champions can go up against Arrako's champions in the upcoming tournament. After it was placed in the custody of X-Force, this amalgamated clone would later take up the name of Wrongslide.

Powers and abilities
In his initial appearance, Santo's body was composed completely of granite; with a look very similar to that of the Thing. This granted him superhuman strength, endurance, durability and the ability to fire his hands as projectiles.

In the Hellions mini-series, he was shattered by the Kingmaker and put back together by Julian, much like how a disembodied Emma Frost was reanimated by Jean Grey in the first New X-Men series. Santo's body was later obliterated by Nimrod. Again with Julian's assistance, he was eventually able to put himself back together. This time his appearance is larger and more rugged.

In the Quest for Magik arc, Santo attempts to fire his fists off in Limbo but Blindfold reveals that aspect of his powers doesn't work anymore. Although he is blown up again, Santo returns as a large lava type "golem". His molten rock form, being from Limbo, is also resistant to magic. This is shown when Darkchild tried to stop him from attacking her and when Belasco tries to zap him with magical energy, but they both have no effect.

Beast's suspicion is that after Nimrod shattered Santo, Nimrod must have atomized most of his original body and dissolved him in some sort of disembodied psychic state. Santo, in theory, is able to re-form himself as a "golem" from some kind of ambient earth matter and obtain that earth matter's properties. The first time his body was destroyed, he was able to reform from solid rocks and obtained a larger and rugged rock body. The second time, he reformed from Limbo's molten rocks and obtained the ability to generate and maintain heat from within, and also some magic resistance. The third time, he reformed from the school's grounds after exploding himself. Santo's original ability to fire off his limbs is seemingly lost in his new reformed bodies. Instead, the energy used to propel his limbs is now explosively released from his entire body, obliterating his form, from which he can recover.

During Kuurth, Breaker of Stone's attack on Utopia, Gambit unlocked Rockslide's potential energy to create a "living bomb", making "one of the largest mutant-generated force blasts recorded".

Personality
Santo is typically depicted as superficially brash, oblivious, and inconsiderate. Originally, he was introduced as a stereotypical bully. However, he cares deeply for his friends, recalling the deaths of the depowered students, especially Tag, which usually motivates him to perform feats of incredible strength or bravery. He also has a strong sensitivity for his teammates, such as when Dust continued to "beat herself up" over the death of Icarus as well as recognizing that he is not supposed to see her without her abaya. He is very protective of his teammate Mercury. = Santo also has a strong sense of honor, telling Anole and Pixie that he would quit the team if they were not included on the roster.

House of M
In this reality, Santo was once again a champion superhuman wrestler.

In other media
Rockslide makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in the Wolverine and the X-Men episode "Hindsight" as one of several mutants captured by the Mutant Response Division.

title: Rockslide (character)


text:
John Day

John Day, John Daye or Jon Day may refer to:

Politicians

 * John Day (Nova Scotia legislator) (died 1775), merchant and politician in Nova Scotia
 * John Day Jr. (died 1792), soldier and political figure in Nova Scotia
 * John Day (Liberian judge) (1797–1859), Liberian politician and judge
 * John Charles Day (1826–1908), English judge
 * John Adam Day (1901–1966), politician in Devon, England
 * John Day (Indiana politician) (born 1937), Democratic member of the Indiana House of Representatives
 * John Day (Australian politician) (born 1955), Western Australian politician
 * John Day, Transport Workers Union of America Local 100 Vice President

Sportspeople

 * John Barham Day (1793–1860), English jockey and trainer
 * John Day (cricketer, born 1812), English cricketer
 * John Day (horseman) (1819–1883), English jockey and trainer
 * John B. Day (1847–1925), manager of the New York Giants in 1899
 * John Day (jockey) (1856–1885) Australian champion pedestrian and 1870 Melbourne Cup winner
 * John Day (cricketer, born 1881) (1881–1949), English cricketer

Other people

 * John Day (merchant) (fl. 1497–98), English merchant, author of a letter referring to existence of lost book Inventio Fortunata
 * John Day (printer) (c. 1522–1584), English Protestant printer, also known as John Daye
 * John Day (dramatist) (1574–c. 1638), English dramatist
 * John Day (carpenter) (c. 1740–1774), first recorded death in a submarine
 * John Day (trapper) (c. 1770–1820), American hunter and trapper
 * John Day (architect) (fl. 1798–1802), Irish architect from County Wexford
 * John Day (priest) (1802–1879), clergyman in the Church of Ireland
 * John Day (botanist) (1824–1888), English orchid collector and illustrator
 * John Medway Day (1838–1905), Australian journalist and activist
 * John Other Day (fl. 1862–1912), Native American who sought peace between Indian tribes and white settlers
 * John H. Day (1909–1989), South African marine biologist and invertebrate zoologist
 * John A. Day (1913–2008), American meteorologist, educator and sky-watching evangelist
 * John Day (historian) (1924–2003), American historian
 * John Day (computer scientist) (born 1947), ARPANET pioneer and early RFC contributor
 * John Day (RAF officer) (1947–2024), British air marshal
 * Johnny Daye (1948–2017), American soul music singer
 * John Day (biblical scholar) (born 1948), professor of Old Testament Studies
 * Jon Day (born 1954), British civil servant
 * Jon Day (born 1962), member of The Charlatans
 * Jon Day (writer) (fl. 2010s), British writer, critic and academic

Places

 * John Day, Oregon, a city
 * John Day River, a tributary of the Columbia River in northeastern Oregon
 * John Day River (northwestern Oregon), a different tributary of the Columbia River

Other uses

 * John Day (film), a 2013 Indian film
 * John Day Company, a New York publisher founded in 1926

title: John Day


text:
War Production Board

The War Production Board (WPB) was an agency of the United States government that supervised war production during World War II. President Franklin D. Roosevelt established it in January 1942, with Executive Order 9024. The WPB replaced the Supply Priorities and Allocations Board and the Office of Production Management.

The WPB directed conversion of companies engaged in activities relevant to war from peacetime work to war needs, allocated scarce materials, established priorities in the distribution of materials and services, and prohibited nonessential production. It rationed such commodities as gasoline, heating oil, metals, rubber, paper, and plastics. It was dissolved shortly after the defeat of Japan in 1945 and was replaced by the Civilian Production Administration in late 1945.

In 1942–1945, WPB supervised the production of $183 billion (equivalent to $ in ) worth of weapons and supplies, about 40 percent of the world output of munitions. The UK, the USSR, and other allies produced an additional 30 percent, while the Axis produced only 30 percent. One fourth of the US output was warplanes; one fourth was warships. Meanwhile, the civilian standard of living was about level.

Organization
The first chair of the board was Donald Nelson, who served from 1942 to 1944. He was succeeded by Julius Albert Krug, who served from 1944 until the board was dissolved.

The national WPB constituted the chair, the Secretaries of War, Navy, and Agriculture, the lieutenant general in charge of War Department procurement, the director of the Office of Price Administration, the Federal Loan Administrator, the chair of the Board of Economic Warfare, and the special assistant to the President for the defense aid program. The WPB had advisory, policy-making, and progress-reporting divisions.

The WPB employed mathematicians who were responsible for constructing and maintaining multilevel models of resources needed for the war effort. Their models included manufacturing defects, materials lost when ships were sunk at sea, &c. Upon analyzing field reports which revealed systematic shortages, the mathematicians decided to increase allocations submitted to the board by a factor of 10.

The WPB managed 12 regional offices and operated 120 field offices throughout the nation. They worked alongside state war production boards, which maintained records on state war production facilities and also helped state businesses obtain war contracts and loans. The national WPB's primary task was converting civilian industry to war production. The WPB assigned priorities and allocated scarce materials such as steel, aluminum, and rubber, prohibited nonessential industrial production such as that of nylons and refrigerators, controlled wages and prices, and mobilized the people through patriotic propaganda such as "give your scrap metal and help Oklahoma boys save our way of life". It initiated events such as scrap metal drives, which were carried out locally to great success. For example, a national scrap metal drive in October 1942 resulted in an average of almost 82 lb of scrap per American.

WPB order M-9-C related to the conservation of copper and, in May 1942, The Film Daily reported that this would apply to the production of new motion picture sound and projection equipment but not to the delivery of items already produced.

Effects
The WPB and the nation's factories effected a great turnaround. Military aircraft production, which totaled 6,000 in 1940, jumped to 85,000 in 1943. Factories that made silk ribbons now produced parachutes, automobile factories built tanks, typewriter companies converted to rifles, undergarment manufacturers sewed mosquito netting, and a rollercoaster manufacturer converted to the production of bomber repair platforms. The WPB ensured that each factory received the materials it needed to produce the most war goods in the shortest time.

"Without American production the Allies could never have won the war."

- Joseph Stalin during a dinner at the Tehran Conference, 1943

Nelson faced extensive criticism from the military during his tenure. Described by historian Doris Kearns Goodwin as "habitually indecisive", Nelson had difficulty sorting the conflicting requests from various agencies. Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson regularly criticized Nelson for his "inability to take charge". He argued endlessly with Robert P. Patterson of the War Department. Patterson typically demanded that civilian needs be given lower priority because military supplies were essential to winning the war, and that argument usually prevailed. In February 1943, Roosevelt invited Bernard Baruch to replace Nelson as WPB head, but was persuaded to change his mind by advisor Harry Hopkins, and Nelson remained in the post.

From 1942 to 1945 the WPB directed a total production of $185 billion (equivalent to $ in ) worth of armaments and supplies. At war's end, most production restrictions were quickly lifted, and the WPB was abolished on November 3, 1945, with its remaining functions transferred to the Civilian Production Administration.

Members

 * William Beverly Murphy, president and CEO of Campbell Soup Company
 * Charles E. Wilson, president of General Electric
 * T. S. Fitch, president and CEO of Washington Steel Corporation
 * Faustin Johnson Solon, a chair of the War Production Board, representing O-I Glass
 * Irving Brown, representing the American Federation of Labor

Civilian Production Administration
Executive Order 9638 created the Civilian Production Administration and terminated the War Production Board on October 4, 1945. The Civilian Production Board was consolidated with other agencies to form the Office of Temporary Controls—an agency in the Office for Emergency Management of the executive office of the president. The latter had previously been established pursuant to the Reorganization Act of 1939. The executive order provided a Temporary Controls Administrator, appointed by the president, to head the Office of Temporary Controls and vested in him, among other things, the functions of the Price Administrator.

Selected publications

 * Studies in industrial price control by United States Office of Temporary Controls. U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1947
 * Problems in price control: legal phases by United States Office of Temporary Controls. U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1947
 * Problems in price control by United States Office of Temporary Controls. U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1948
 * The beginnings of OPA by United States Office of Temporary Controls. Office of Temporary Controls, Office of Price Administration, 1947
 * Guaranteed wages by United States Office of Temporary Controls. U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1947

title: War Production Board


text:
At the Chelsea Nightclub

At the Chelsea Nightclub is The Members' first album, released in 1979.

Reception
Smash Hits said, "the Members are supposed to be one of the hottest post-punk rock bands around, but I have my doubts. They're disposable pop rather than committed rock, though their cocky soccer-crowd style has some good clever touches. AllMusic called it, "the only Members album worth owning".

Track listing
1. "Electricity" (Jean-Marie Carroll)

2. "Sally" (Gary Baker)

3. "Soho-A-Go-Go" (Chris Payne, Nicky Tesco)

4. "Don't Push" (Adrian Lillywhite, Nicky Tesco, Steve Morley)

5. "Solitary Confinement" (Jean-Marie Carroll, Nicky Tesco)

6. "Frustrated, Bagshot" (Jean-Marie Carroll, Nicky Tesco)

7. "Stand Up and Spit" (Jean-Marie Carroll, Nicky Tesco)

8. "The Sound of the Suburbs" (Jean-Marie Carroll, Nicky Tesco)

9. "Phone-in Show" (Jean-Marie Carroll, Nicky Tesco)

10. "Love in a Lift" (Chris Payne, Nicky Tesco)

11. "Chelsea Nightclub" (Jean-Marie Carroll) recorded at a cinema in Hammersmith, December 3, 1978

2005 CD bonus tracks
1. "Fear on the Streets" (Streets compilation)

2. "Solitary Confinement" (Stiff single version)

3. "Rat up a Drainpipe" (Stiff single version)

4. "The Sound of the Suburbs" (single version)

5. "Handling the Big Jets"

6. "Offshore Banking Business" - 7" single version (Jean-Marie Carroll) produced by Vic Coppersmith-Heaven

7. "Solitary Confinement" (Virgin single version)

8. "Offshore Banking Business/Pennies in the Pound" (12" version)

Personnel

 * The Members
 * Nicky Tesco - lead vocals
 * Nigel Bennett - lead guitar, vocals
 * Jean-Marie Carroll - guitar, vocals
 * Chris Payne - bass, vocals
 * Adrian Lillywhite - drums, percussion
 * Steve "Rudi" Thompson - saxophone
 * Technical
 * Alan Perkins, Paul "Groucho" Smykle (track: B2), Pete Wandless - engineer
 * Malcolm Garrett - artwork

title: At the Chelsea Nightclub


text:
Mercedes-Benz 200

Mercedes-Benz has sold a number of automobiles with the "200" model name:

Mercedes-Benz 200 may refer to:

 * 1965–1968 W110
 * 1965–1967 200D
 * 1965–1968 200
 * 1968–1976 W115
 * 200D/8
 * 1976–1985 W123
 * 1984–1992 W124, 1984–1995/96 version of the E-Class

title: Mercedes-Benz 200


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hyrarchy

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 02:00, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Hyrarchy
Non-encyclopedic; band that has not yet released its first album, does not appear to meet WikiProject_Music/Notability_and_Music_Guidelines. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 15:22, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I suggested on the talk page of User:Hyrarchy that the page be userfied, but got no response; user has continued to work on it in article space. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 15:26, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, obvious self-promotion. Userfication is inappropriate, as this article is not about the individual writing it.  Wikipedia is not a free host or webspace provider. —Korath (Talk) 15:47, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * But...but...but...they played a talent show in April, how noteworthy can you get? Delete —Wahoofive (Talk) 16:11, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * A talent show? Oh, the horror! Delete. Mo0 [ talk ] 17:32, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Fails Notability and Music Guidelines. Zzyzx11 | Talk 19:39, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, notability not established, band vanity. Megan1967 07:13, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I moved it to my userpage. Back off people, delete the damned thing. And "Wahoofive", your just a prick. Sorry for wanting to show my band off. Jesus Christ, like it makes much difference of one page we put up here is killing your whole database.(Yes I know NOW that it doesn't go with policy, but I did not originally). And being an ass about it does not make things any better Wahoofive.~Hyrarchy~
 * I'm sorry wikipedia can't let you show your band off, but I hope you understand why. I also apologize that sometimes our sense of humor can seem insensitive. Kappa 19:59, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: That is fine. But for the two above, that made the rude comments...it's still not very polite to make fun of people. I don't go around bashing people for what they did. And this "talent" show was a rather large one in Florida, not a popsicle stand. Actually competing for $5,000. You can make fun of that if you want, but I don't find it humorous when people are striving for something.Hyrarchy
 * Comment - If you're gonna be that thin-skinned about criticism and sarcasm, let me kindly suggest that you ditch the music biz. Seriously.  Soundguy99 17:33, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Boro (Formula One)

Boro was a Formula One team from the Netherlands run by the brothers Bob and Rody Hoogenboom.

Their single car was built by the Ensign team, but was renamed Boro after their main sponsor, HB Bewaking, ended up as proprietor of the car after a legal dispute with Ensign owner Morris Nunn. The name is a portmanteau of the Hoogenboom brothers' first names, BOb and ROdy.

In the Dutch village of Bovenkerk (North Holland), the Hoogenboom brothers set up a factory to work on the N175. They entered a total of eight Grands Prix between 1976 and 1977, but failed to make a lasting impression. The team achieved finishes in only two events, the best being eighth place for Larry Perkins in the 1976 Belgian Grand Prix.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

title: Boro (Formula One)


text:
User:Friedriches

FRIEDRICHES-

1)A collection of coins and paper monies breaded and placed into a vat of hot oil. Served in bank bags with a nice ciante and some fava beans.

title: User:Friedriches


text:
Talk:Henan

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 29 January 2019 and 8 March 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Shenshi0603.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 23:19, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Space ports
"Although there have been factual data that prove reptilian fossils and statues found there of non human intelligent life civilizations that existed there that have pre-dated future civilizations to come as in following a pre-set order on how to live life in Henan for many years to come" This sounds like someone has vandalized the first paragraph of the history section. I will leave it up to a more experienced editor to change. 141.209.111.227 (talk) 20:06, 12 April 2010 (UTC)

Henan has recently built 12 space ports, railroad ports and road ports?

Can someone help verify this? (Perhaps "airports" is meant instead?) I'm currently searching thru the official site of the government of Henan, but I haven't found anything related to this yet. -- ran (talk) 15:24, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * Is it me or does that whole new paragraph looks really really odd? As in, looks like a government promotion...... --Menchi 16:20, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Yes, it does. The problem now is to find its source... -- ran (talk) 16:27, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)

Stereotype
Since an anon has complained about this, I might as well address this point.

The "Stereotype" section is meant to be a description of a stereotype that already exists in China. It is not meant to support that stereotype in any way. It's like saying: "Many Chinese people have a negative impression of the Japanese government" or "Many Americans have a negative impression of the Chinese government" or even "Nazis believed that Jews and Slavs were inferior races". It doesn't mean that we're agreeing with them when we describe what they believe in. -- ran (talk) 21:13, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)

To anon: if you have any complaints about the stereotypes section, feel free to discuss. I'm sure we can clear up misunderstandings and reach an agreement over how this article should be presented. 假如你对Stereotypes部分有任何意见的话，我随时愿意和你讨论. 我相信通过讨论，我们一定能消除误会，得出让大家都满意的解决方法. -- ran (talk) 01:10, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * I think it is extremely inappropriate to put any type of stereotyes in the description of a population of a large province. Henan province has a population of about 100 million, and a fair article should not stereotype such a large population. -- anon

We have an entire article, Ugly American, on a negative stereotype of Americans. The U.S. has 3 times the population of Henan. But that hasn't stopped people from creating stereotypes of Americans. On Wikipedia, we seek to describe what stereotypes people have. This is not the same as supporting those stereotypes.

To give another example: on Wikipedia we have articles on racism, sexism, the Holocaust, the Nanjing Massacre, etc. These things exist / existed, so as an encyclopedia we should describe them. But does it mean that we support them? Of course not! In the same way, the "Henan stereotype" exists. It may be 100% false, but it's a very common idea and many people have it, just like racism and sexism. This means we should describe it. -- ran (talk) 00:26, May 25, 2005 (UTC)

Stereotype
What do you mean by "In recent years"? -- z

Romanization
Just curious, but shouldn't this be "He'nan" by standard Hanyu Pinyin rules? Because without the apostrophe it would be read as "hen an" not "he nan".--59.121.192.203 06:01, 18 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Without apostrophe, it's He-nan. Hen-an would require an apostrophe: Hen'an. -- ran (talk) 13:56, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

Confusing sentence
From the article (the history section):
 * Although there have been factual data that prove reptilian fossils and statues found there of non human intelligent life civilizations that existed there that have pre-dated future civilizations to come as in following a pre-set order on how to live life in Henan for many years to come.

Anyone that has a clue what this is supposed to mean? It doesn't make any sense to me.. Gunnar Larsson (talk) 16:01, 5 April 2010 (UTC)

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Commons files used on this page have been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons files used on this page have been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reasons for deletion at the file description pages linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 14:07, 6 March 2019 (UTC)
 * 2019-02-04 144051 conew1.jpg
 * Zhengzhou city.jpg

why no map?
(map doesn't show up on mobile phones) Louis P. Boog (talk) 02:00, 28 October 2022 (UTC)

He'nan???
@Cfls, is there a reason you've changed the spelling to He'nan. and it's been that way for all of April? I'm very confused. Remsense 诉  23:25, 11 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Henan


text: User talk:168.8.64.2

title: User talk:168.8.64.2


text:
Talk:Big spin

"Perfect" big spin
for a bigspin flip to be frontside, it does not have to flip with a heelflip. frontside bigspin kickflips exist. as do backside bigspin heelflips

i think bigspins look better when you catch it after spinning 90 degrees and then spin the remaining 90 with the board. the term perfect bigspin is too subjective for an encyclopedia, does anyone agree with me?

 * I don't know enough about the subject at hand to have an opinion, but I you do, go ahead and rename the "perfect big spin". Rl 07:10, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

According to my knowledge about physics the perfect big spin described here would be impossible to execute. Tp 15:55, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

YouTube links
This article is one of thousands on Wikipedia that have a link to YouTube in it. Based on the External links policy, most of these should probably be removed. I'm putting this message here, on this talk page, to request the regular editors take a look at the link and make sure it doesn't violate policy. In short: 1. 99% of the time YouTube should not be used as a source. 2. We must not link to material that violates someones copyright. If you are not sure if the link on this article should be removed or you would like to help spread this message contact us on this page. Thanks, ---J.S (t|c) 04:55, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Big spin


text:
Mercedes-Benz 220

Mercedes-Benz has sold a number of automobiles with the "220" model name:
 * 1951–1955 W187
 * 1951–1955 220
 * 1954–1959 W180
 * 1954–1956 220a
 * 1956–1959 220S
 * 1958–1960 W128
 * 1958–1960 220SE
 * 1959–1965 W111
 * 1959–1965 220b
 * 1959–1965 220Sb
 * 1959–1965 220SEb
 * 1968–1973 W115
 * 1968–1973 220
 * 1968–1973 220D
 * 1994–1997 W202
 * 1994–1997 C220

title: Mercedes-Benz 220


text:
Talk:Reasonable suspicion

Why a separate article?
Why is this a separate article from the Fourth Amendment article? Wouldn't it be better to fold this into the Fourth Amendment discussion, and make this a redirect to the Fourth Amendment?

 * I don't think that's a good idea. There are lots of 4th Amendment subtopics with their own pages (probable cause, search and seizure, search warrant, arrest warrant, etc.) I think the topic deserves to be covered in more detail than what would be appropriate in the 4th Amendment article. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 19:35, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)

4th Amendment Requirement of Probably Cause, Probably Suspicion is still only Suspicion
4th Amendment requirement is Probable Cause (Lawful reason)

Probably Suspicion is an erosion of the 4th Amendment, a lawful reason is necessary to comply with the 4th Amendment requirement.

Citing 9th Amendment (paraphrased) Laws shall not be construed to deny enumerated rights in the Constitution, or lessen other rights retained by the people.

. 73.225.182.47 (talk) 04:03, 23 November 2021 (UTC) Tae Hyun Song

title: Talk:Reasonable suspicion


text:
Mercedes-Benz 230

Mercedes-Benz has sold a number of automobiles with the "230" model name:
 * 1937–1941 W143
 * 1937–1941 Typ 230 n / 230
 * 1963–1966 W113
 * 1963–1966 230SL
 * 1965–1968 W110
 * 1965–1968 230
 * 1965–1968 W111
 * 1965–1968 230S
 * 1968–1972 W114
 * 1968–1972 230.6
 * 1973–1976 W115
 * 1973–1976 230.4
 * 1976–1986 W123
 * 1976–1986 230 / 230E / 230C / 230CE / 230T / 230TE
 * 1985–1993 W124
 * 1985–1993 230E / 230CE / 230TE
 * 1997 R170
 * 1997 SLK230
 * 1998 W202
 * 1998 C230

title: Mercedes-Benz 230


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Bump and run coverage

Bump and run coverage is a strategy formerly widely used by defensive backs in American professional football in which a defender lined up directly in front of a wide receiver and tried to impede him with arms, hands, or entire body and disrupt his intended route. This originated in the American Football League in the 1960s, one of whose earliest experts was Willie Brown of the Oakland Raiders. Mel Blount of the Pittsburgh Steelers specialized in this coverage to such a point as to cause numerous rule changes (see below) strictly limiting when and where a defender may make contact with a potential receiver in order to make it easier for receivers to run their routes and increase scoring.

In contrast, under NCAA rules, contact is allowed anywhere on the field as long as contact is in front of the defender and a pass is not in the air.

Technique
This play works well against routes that require the receiver to be in a certain spot at a certain time. The disadvantage, however, is that the receiver can shed contact and get behind the cornerback for a big play. This varies from the more traditional defensive formation in which a defensive player will give the receiver a "cushion" of about 5 yards to prevent the receiver from getting behind him. In the NFL, a defensive back is allowed any sort of contact within the 5 yard bump zone except for holding the receiver, otherwise the defensive back can be called for an illegal contact penalty, costing 5 yards and an automatic first down, enforced since 1978, and known colloquially as the Mel Blount Rule.

title: Bump and run coverage


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Kars/Rideau Valley Air Park

Rideau Valley Air Park is a registered aerodrome located 3 NM south of Kars, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada on the shore of the Rideau River. The aerodrome has a single 1800 by grass runway, and serves mainly ultralight and glider traffic.

Users
Rideau Valley Soaring is a gliding club that operates from the Kars/Rideau Valley Air park on a regular basis during the soaring season (April-October). The club members fly both private and club aircraft. The gliding club owns a Grob 103, Schleicher ASK 21 and Schweizer SGS 2-33 training gliders, plus Schweizer 1-34 and Rolladen-Schneider LS4 single-seaters. The club also has two tow planes, a Bellanca Citabria and a Piper PA-25 Pawnee.

title: Kars/Rideau Valley Air Park


text:
Mercedes-Benz 250

Mercedes-Benz has sold a number of automobiles with the "250" model name:
 * 1965–1967 W111
 * 1965–1967 250SE
 * 1966–1967 W108
 * 1966–1967 250S
 * 1966–1967 250SE
 * 1966–1968 W113
 * 1966–1968 250SL
 * 1968–1972 W114
 * 1968–1972 250
 * 1969–1972 250/8

title: Mercedes-Benz 250


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Ottawa/Embrun Aerodrome

Ottawa/Embrun Aerodrome is a small airport located 2 NM southwest of Embrun, Ontario, Canada, east of Ottawa.

title: Ottawa/Embrun Aerodrome


text:
Bump and run

Bump and Run may refer to

 * Bump and run coverage, a defensive strategy in American football
 * Bump and run (auto racing)
 * Bump and run (golf)

title: Bump and run


text:
Talk:Wheel of the Year

New wheel of the year diagram
I just added another wheel of the year diagram to Wikimedia Commons, and subsequently to this page. I was inspired to make this calendar for me personally, and chose not to use the more modern uses of mabon, litha and ostara. I notice that the dates I've used, which come from https://wheeloftheyear.soundragon.su/ do not correspond with the dates of the older diagram. Happy to receive feedback. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Douginamug (talk • contribs) 21:06, 8 May 2022 (UTC)

 * The cross dates don't match up with any source except the reference you provide, which uses the same diagram. I removed the image. Darker Dreams (talk) 09:48, 21 June 2022 (UTC)
 * @Darker Dreams I quickly found several sources mentioning astrological dates for cross-quarter days, although none of them appear to be of high reputability:
 * https://www.starmythworld.com/mathisencorollary/2011/05/what-are-cross-quarter-days.html
 * https://www.stellaseaspirit.co.za/cross-quarter-days-beltane-samhain/
 * https://www.archaeoastronomy.com/2022.html
 * In any case, it appears the astrological dates are notable.
 * I could also try and adapt the diagram to display the popular cross-quarter dates. Do you think such a diagram would be an improvement to the page?
 * For the record, the initial site I linked copied and adapted the diagram after I made it: I don't know the site author. https://gitlab.com/zlax/solarwheeloftheyear/-/issues/1
 * Cheers, DougInAMug talk 18:30, 2 July 2022 (UTC)
 * https://www.starmythworld.com/mathisencorollary/2011/05/what-are-cross-quarter-days.html - doesn't speak to tradition, explicitly goes out to calculate cross quarters mathematically. Which is interesting, possibly something to include in the text of the page along side information like Seasonal lag, but not the topic of the page, and not something that should be substituted for accepted dates in a major image for the page.
 * https://www.stellaseaspirit.co.za/cross-quarter-days-beltane-samhain/ - explicitly calls out the traditionally celebrated dates in the Wheel of the Year (topic of the page) with notes about the offset for astrology.
 * https://www.archaeoastronomy.com/ - again, explicitly goes for calculation rather than as-celebrated or as-recognized.
 * I do think your version is a visual improvement, and will generally vote for increasing information. But, it seems important to keep the dates that have been recognized and celebrated by active Pagans for decades, and can be found in dozens of books on the religion(s), as the primary marked dates when illustrating the subject. Doing otherwise may not be *original* research, but it's going to create unnecessary confusion in people looking for information and looks pretty disrespectful towards the existing, active, modern practitioners. Darker Dreams (talk) 04:11, 3 July 2022 (UTC)
 * @Darker Dreams I agree with you that the popular dates for the cross-quarter days are the firsts of the respective months, and that a prominent diagram with the astrological dates would therefore be inappropriate per WP:FALSEBALANCE
 * However, the argumentation that the astrological dates don't "speak to tradition" or are "disrespectful towards the existing ... practitioners" does not preclude their notability. If other people are using astrological dates, they belong, in a balanced way, in Wikipedia. Is there a particularly good book among the dozens you mentioned that does a good job of tracing the dates of celebration? I'd be interested to have a read.
 * For now, I'll think about how I could amend the diagram to the popular dates. I also wonder if there are enough, good sources to justify an "astrological dates" section towards the end of the page with the diagram as is: I'll have a look. DougInAMug talk 21:22, 4 July 2022 (UTC)
 * I don't remember for sure off the top of my head which books talk through the development of the modern Wheel of the Year calendar, but Drawing Down the Moon (book) seems like a reasonable bet. Pretty much any book on Wicca, modern Druidry, or eclectic Paganism will have that same calendar. Most books on Heathenry will at least acknowledge it. As for how to include the astronomical cross-days information in the text, or include the diagram as-is, I'd look to how Seasonal lag is included. Darker Dreams (talk) 15:09, 6 July 2022 (UTC)
 * @Zlax I recommend you read the above discussion to understand why @Darker Dreams reverted your edit. You also seem to have used a source you authored to reference a point. I think this practice borders on WP:COI but I'm not sure. Welcome to Wikipedia! DougInAMug talk 20:39, 11 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wheel of the Year


text:
Winchester Airport

Winchester Airport was located 3 NM south of Winchester, Ontario, Canada, south of Ottawa. The airport had two runways, one paved and one grass.

The aerodrome was permanently closed as of May 15, 2012. The NOTAM entry published by NAV Canada reads: CNA8 WEF 2012 MAY 15 0401 AMEND PUB: AD PERM CLSD

The paved runway appears to have been removed, but hangar and other buildings remain on site after the closure.

title: Winchester Airport


text:
Meekness

Meekness is an attribute of human nature and behavior that has been defined as an amalgam of righteousness, inner humility, and patience.

Meekness has been contrasted with humility alone insomuch as humility simply refers to an attitude towards oneself—a restraining of one's own power so as to allow room for others—whereas meekness refers to the treatment of others.

Christianity
Meekness, as understood in the Christian perspective, finds its embodiment in the actions and teachings of Jesus Christ. During the crucifixion, as He endured the agonizing process, Jesus exemplified meekness by uttering a prayer on behalf of His executioners: "Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they do".

The Apostle Paul emphasized that a servant of the Lord should instruct those who are at odds with themselves in a spirit of meekness.

Thomas Browne analogized meekness to swallowing pills without chewing. In this metaphor, meekness involves the ability to absorb and endure perceived injuries, choosing to overlook or forgive insults and offenses, rather than allowing their bitterness to endure.

In the teachings of Jesus, specifically in the Beatitudes, "the meek" are singled out for recognition. This concept aligns meekness with the classical virtue of magnanimity, a virtue admired by Aquinas. This connection highlights the dignity and strength found within meekness.

John Stott provides a modern interpretation of meekness, asserting that it represents a balance between excessive anger and complete absence of anger. Contrary to misconceptions, meekness is not synonymous with weakness; rather, it embodies the gentleness of the strong, who exercise control over their strength.

Other traditions
In Buddhism, meekness is highly esteemed, with the Buddha himself appearing as the "Preacher of Meekness" in one of his past lives. An anecdote recounts how he endured the severing of his limbs by a jealous king without expressing complaint, illustrating meekness.

Taoism extols the virtues of submission and non-contention. These qualities are upheld as central tenets within Taoist philosophy, which emphasizes the importance of yielding and avoiding unnecessary conflict.

describes Moses as an extraordinarily meek individual, surpassing all others on the earth in terms of his humility and gentleness.

Within Islam, the concept of, sometimes translated as "poverty," holds a central position. It is an attribute associated with mystics, and particularly exemplified by the Prophet. The Prophet referred to as his source of pride, indicating its spiritual significance. In a spiritual context, entails a lack of desire for worldly wealth, recognition, or otherworldly blessings. A key aspect of is the refusal to ask anything from others, as seeking from created beings conflicts with reliance on God. This refusal stems from the belief that receiving from the created would engender gratitude aimed at the giver rather than God.

Animal analogues
The classical Greek word used to translate meekness was also that for a horse that had been tamed and bridled. To Buddhists, the buffalo holds a lesson in meekness.

Literary examples

 * Meekness is used to characterise the nature of Tess in Tess of the D'Urbervilles.
 * The Heroine of Possession: A Romance judges the hero as "a gentle and unthreatening being. Meek, she thought drowsily, turning out the light. Meek."

Criticism

 * Beethoven rejected meekness and equality in favor of cultural elitism: “Power is the moral principle of those who excel others”.
 * Nietzsche rejected meekness as part of a parasitic revolt by the low against the lofty, the manly, and the high.

title: Meekness


text:
User talk:Lionel of Pittsburgh

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. You might like to start by reading the tutorial and introducing yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask at the help desk or on my talk page. Two useful tips are that you can sign your name using four tildes ( ~ ) and you can preview your changes before you save using the show preview button. You can regularly find new tips on the Community Portal. I look forward to reading your great articles and I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian. :) Willmcw 15:33, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Try your changes out on the Talk: page first, and get agreement for them. Your IP has been doing far too much deleting on that article, for far too long. If you keep doing it you will be blocked again for vandalism. Jayjg (talk)  20:39, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Are you saying that it didn't create the new paper, or that the wording is not neutral? If the latter, then what wording do you think is more neutral? Jayjg (talk)  21:28, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Your comments seem reasonable; why don't you add them to the Talk: page of article, and then make the edits. That way people will know why you're doing it. Jayjg (talk) 22:19, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lionel of Pittsburgh


text:
Carleton Place Airport

Carleton Place Airport is located 1.5 NM southeast of Carleton Place, Ontario, Canada, west of Ottawa.

title: Carleton Place Airport