text:
St. Lawrence—St. George

'''St. Lawrence—St. George''' was a federal electoral district in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1968.

This riding was created in 1914 from parts of St. Antoine and St. Lawrence ridings. It was initially defined to consist of St. Lawrence and St. George Wards of the city of Montreal. After 1924, it was defined with reference to various streets of Montreal.

The electoral district was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Saint-Henri, Saint-Jacques and Westmount ridings.

Members of Parliament
This riding elected the following members of parliament:

title: St. Lawrence—St. George


text:
Westmount—St. Henri

'''Westmount—St. Henri''' was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1925.

This riding was created in 1914 from parts of Hochelaga riding. It consisted of the town of Westmount, St. Henri and Ste. Cunégonde wards of the city of Montreal.

The electoral district was abolished in 1924 when it was redistributed into Mount Royal, St. Antoine and St. Henri ridings.

Members of Parliament
This riding elected the following members of Parliament:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Westmount—St. Henri


text:
Fort William and Rainy River

Fort William and Rainy River was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1925. It was located in the province of Ontario. This riding was created in 1914 from parts of Thunder Bay and Rainy River riding.

It consisted of the southern parts of the territorial districts of Kenora, Rainy River and Thunder Bay.

The electoral district was abolished in 1924 when it was redistributed into Fort William ridings.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Election results

 * Opposition–Labour
 * Albert Hugh Dennis
 * align="right"|2,560
 * }

 * }

title: Fort William and Rainy River


text:
William Wallace (disambiguation)

William Wallace (died 1305) was a Scottish knight, landowner, and leader during the Wars of Scottish Independence.

William Wallace may also refer to:

Europeans

 * Willie Wallace (born 1940), Scottish footballer
 * William Wallace (footballer, born 1893) (1893–1917), English footballer
 * William Wallace of Failford (d. 1616) Scottish courtier
 * William Wallace (mason) (died 1631), Scottish master mason and architect
 * William Vincent Wallace (1812–1865), Irish composer
 * William Wallace (philosopher) (1844–1897), Scottish philosopher
 * William Wallace (Scottish composer) (1860–1940), Scottish classical composer
 * William Wallace (Jesuit) (1863–1922), Irish Jesuit priest and Indologist
 * William Wallace, Baron Wallace of Saltaire (born 1941), British academic, writer and politician
 * William Wallace, real name of Ali Bongo (1929–2009), British comedy magician
 * Staker Wallace (1733–1798), United Irishman, sometimes referred to as William
 * William Herbert Wallace (1878–1933), English convicted 'murderer', later found to be innocent on appeal
 * William Kelly Wallace (1883–1969), Irish railway engineer
 * William Middleton Wallace (1892–1915), Scotland rugby player
 * William Wallace (mathematician) (1768–1843), Scottish mathematician
 * William Wallace (chemist) (1832–1888), Scottish chemist and city analyst for Glasgow
 * Sir William Wallace (marine engineer) (1881–1963), inventor of naval technology and Scottish businessman
 * William Wallace (surgeon), Irish surgeon

Americans

 * William Wallace Lincoln (1850–1862), son of Abraham Lincoln
 * William A. A. Wallace (1817–1899), Texas Ranger captain with the nickname "Bigfoot"
 * William A. Wallace (organizational theorist) (born 1935), Professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
 * William A. Wallace (1827–1896), U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania
 * William C. Wallace (1856–1901), U.S. Representative from New York.
 * William E. Wallace (1917–2004), known as Ed Wallace to his friends and associates, physical chemist
 * William H. Wallace (1811–1879), first territorial governor and Congressional delegate from Idaho Territory
 * William Henry Wallace (1827–1901), Confederate general and South Carolina state legislator
 * W. H. L. Wallace (1821–1862), Union general in the American Civil War
 * William J. Wallace (Indianapolis mayor)
 * William A. Wallace (Illinois politician), Illinois state representative
 * William J. Wallace (USMC) (1895–1977), American Marine Corps aviation officer
 * William James Wallace (1837–1917), lawyer and federal judge in the United States
 * William Miller Wallace (1844–1924), U.S. Army general
 * William O. Wallace (1906–1968), Hollywood set decorator
 * William Robert Wallace (1886–1960), American judge
 * William Ross Wallace (1819–1881), American poet
 * William S. Wallace (born 1946), General in the United States Army
 * William T. Wallace (1828–1909), Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of California and an Attorney General of California
 * William A. Wallace, historian, philosopher, and River Forest Thomist
 * Bill Wallace (American football) (1912–1993), American football player
 * Bill Wallace (martial artist) (born 1945), kickboxer

Canadians

 * William Wallace (Canadian politician) (1820–1887), Scottish-born merchant and politician in Ontario
 * William Tracy Wallace (1880–1947), Canadian-born artist in England
 * W. Stewart Wallace (1884–1970), historian, librarian, and editor
 * William Wallace (rower) (1901–1967), Olympic rower
 * Bill Wallace (musician) (born 1949), musician

New Zealanders

 * Billy Wallace (1878–1972), New Zealand rugby union player
 * William Wallace (born 1971), actor, appeared in The Cult and Step Dave

South Americans

 * William Wallace (Brazilian footballer) (born 2002), Brazilian footballer

title: William Wallace (disambiguation)


text:
Glengarry and Stormont

Glengarry and Stormont was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1925. It was located in the province of Ontario. This riding was created in 1914 from parts of Glengarry and Stormont ridings.

It consisted of the county of Glengarry and Stormont, with the townships of Cornwall and Roxborough, and the town of Cornwall.

The electoral district was abolished in 1924 when it was redistributed between Glengarry and Stormont ridings.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Election results

 * }

On Mr. McMartin's death, 12 April 1918:

 * style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"|United Farmers–Labour||John Wilfred Kennedy||align="right"| 7,581

 * }

 * }

title: Glengarry and Stormont


text: Template:User id-2

title: Template:User id-2


text:
Talk:Vietnam War draft

Relevance to the Vietnam War
This article seem very underexplanatory. There is no mention of the war which prompted the lottery. No mention of the politics surrounding this lottery. This may not be the appropriate article to explain these topics, but these topics are also absent from Vietnam War AND The United States and the Vietnam War.

I don't understand the significance of the scatterplot, this needs to be explained more clearly. As well, the overall article doesn't flow too well and smacks of something copied & pasted from somewhere else... 69.157.105.230 22:25, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

What days of the year were picked as a matter of interest?

++++

There was an issue with the lack of randomness of this lottery; later dates in the year tended to get lower numbers. I suspect the scatterplot is related to this, although I can barely read it.

I'm wondering about the basis for the phrase "Conscription ended in 2004." I was under the impression that it ended in 1973, although none were even taken that year.

I don't want to edit the original because I may be missing something.

Mike Jobu 12:16, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

conscription did indeed end in '73.
bush-bashing at work. he may be an idiot but I'm sick of people defacing Vietnam articles in order to abuse him... I've reverted the article. the last couple edits have also changed what the first date drawn was... going to try and do some research and see if I can find the right date. Tmorrisey 23:33, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

I can't recall the source, but
I've read that the draft lottery was fairly successful in deflating the war protest movements. The lottery system that began in 1969 changed the drafting system sharply from the way it was previously conducted. Through the mid-to-late 1960s, many men in their late teens right up through their 20s made every life decision (staying in college, going on to grad school, getting married etc.) with careful consideration as to how that decision might effect their draft status. They no doubt felt a lot of anxiety and resentment for years. That led some to be anti-war activists and turned many others strongly against the White House. The 1969 lottery covered all registrants born from 1/1/44 through 12/31/50. Guys who for years had the draft hanging over their heads now learned fairly quickly whether they would be called up or not. Those with high numbers could finally begin going about life normally. In the lotteries of the following years, young guys still in their teens learned their fate much more quickly than was the case in the 60s. So it seems to me that the author of this article, who comes at the issue as a statistician and finds that the lottery wasn't successful because it wasn't purely random, has missed how the lottery was a big improvement as a means for selecting draftees, both from the point of view of the White House and also that of eligible males and their families. Bailiff50 00:51, 13 May 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Bailiff50 (talk • contribs)

 * It would be great to incorporate that into the article, if a reliable source could be found for it. —Dominus (talk) 13:40, 13 May 2009 (UTC)

 * the draft lottery was fairly successful in deflating the war protest movements.
 * This recollection is plausible so it should not be archived out of site and it should be incorporated if a reliable source can be found (I agree with Dominus). In rewriting the article today (below, "clarify and smooth") I have sharpened its mistakes. I have flagged "verify source" and "citation needed" at two points where this plausible recollection disputes a fact in the article. --P64 (talk) 18:53, 1 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Not sure where to put this comment, but the lottery did not necessarily apply to all members of this cohort. I had a lottery number high enough that I wouldn't have been drafted, however I had been already declared 1A, and even though I was in the process of (unsuccessfully) appealing this on medical grounds, was deemed not subject to the lottery. Wschart (talk) 12:19, 12 April 2012 (UTC)

Leap Year Birthdays
I'm certain that people born on February 29 didn't know what to think of this. Had their number been drawn, it might have resulted in a serious population decrease for those with that birthday. Captain Jackson 04:51, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

It was 366 days
If I come back here and see someone has changed it to "The days of the year, from 1 to 365, were written on slips of paper and the slips were placed in plastic capsules" I will have this article blocked from being edited by new & non-registered users. —06:15, 29 May 2006 Dexter111344
 * Now I have signed the original and deleted the trash talk from this section. --P64 (talk) 17:17, 6 May 2011 (UTC)

Results
Would a chart of the results of the Draft be encyclopedic? There's one on this site http://www.sss.gov/lotter1.htm. I wouldn't be able to do it myself, but I'm sure someone could.--Richy 21:13, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

Which is incorrect?
The first number drawn was 258 (September 14). The highest draft ... was number 195 (September 24).

Day 195 certainly isn't September 24. Which is incorrect, 195 or September 24? --Lucent 22:33, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

 * It appears that this section is confusing. What it means is that they only picked 195 of the 366 possible days that year. So the first pick was day number 258, which is September 14, and the last pick was pick number 195, and they drew day number 268, which is September 24. This table of lottery results makes this clear. -- Dominus (talk) 12:28, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

 * That's not quite right. The table actually shows that a number was drawn for every bithdate, including Leap Day. The text says: The highest lottery number called for this group was 195; all men assigned that lottery number or any lower number, and who were classified 1-A or 1-A-O (available for military service), were called to report for possible induction. So, 195 was not the highest number called out during the draw and assigned to a birthday, it was the highest number assigned during the first draw whose holders became eligible for induction. Almost all of us at 195 or lower who were 1-A got orders to report for a physical during 1970.--Hjal (talk) 17:58, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the clarification. I think I got it right when I edited that part of the article last week. -- Dominus (talk) 18:07, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

it still makes no sense:
 * The first day number drawn was 257 (14 September), so all registrants with that birthday were assigned lottery number 1. Men of draft age (those born between 1944 and 1950) whose birthday fell on the corresponding day of the year would all be drafted at the same time. The highest draft number called from the 1969 lottery was number 195 (24 September).

The first number was 257 (14th Sep). The highest number was 195 (24th Sep). This is either incorrect or very poorly explained. it needs the attention of an expert as it is misleading at present. --Brideshead (talk) 12:12, 9 August 2008 (UTC)

The first day number was 257; this was draft number 1. The highest draft number called for service was 195. —Dominus (talk) 06:55, 21 February 2009 (UTC)

 * It should probably refer to first through the final, or last called to service, to be clear. MMetro (talk) 00:50, 21 February 2009 (UTC)

I just rewrote it again. Maybe this version is clearer. —Dominus (talk) 03:45, 25 June 2009 (UTC)

 * WHICH IS INCORRECT?
 * First, 258 or 257? In other words, Leap Year Day = day number 60 or number 366? The article now says 257 (which implies Leap Year Day = 366).
 * Second, http://www.sss.gov/lotter1.htm says that draft numbers up to 215 were called for physical exams, 1970 to 1976. While rewriting primarily to "clarify and smooth" (see below), I have used a few times the words "called to serve". This article once says that some draft evaders simply did not report for the test. I guess that is the physical exam, which covered more than the men called to serve (according to sss.gov) --up to draft# 215 rather than #195 from the 1969 drawing, for example. I have barely touched this ambiguity, regarding the 1972 to 1975 lotteries only. --P64 (talk) 19:31, 1 March 2010 (UTC)

Lottery start date.
December 1969 may have been the first ever lottery conducted at the national level. But I contend that draft lotteries were in use to some extent in 1968 if not also 1967. One way I can see this happening is if local draft boards got the ball rolling and the process then went national with the signing of a bill making it a requirement. Apart from my own recollections, I've seen two other references to pre-1969 lottery activity. I will be doing some searches for corroboration on this. - Srobidoux (talk) 08:42, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

I am quite certain that if there was a lottery he1d in December of 1969 for the year 1970, it was the 4th lottery. I was in the third lottery, and I turned 18 in 1969 my number was 348, the first 2 years of the lottery my numbers were much lower. the first time was 26, the second I think was 140 something. I believe the lottery each year was for those turning 18 in that year, but I know you were required to register the year you turned 18. Article is definitely wrong in some of the statements. Wsd321 (talk) 01:44, 30 May 2010 (UTC)

User Comment: To the best of my recollection, I don't think some of the lottery timings and chronolgies are accurate. I entered college as a freshman at Age 17 in September, 1969. At that time, I am sure the college deferment was in effect. I turned 18 in early 1970. Perhaps April or thereabouts after my birthday, I watched a lottery on a television at the student center in which the draft number for my birthday was drawn. My number came up roughly 325, and I had very little concern my number would be called. I later remember hearing or reading that the actual draft call for my lottery only reached number 75. Kfinel (talk) 08:55, 22 January 2018 (UTC)

Perception of insufficient "randomness"
There should some sort of rebuttal to the notion that the displayed result was not "random" enough. Such as, it is not possible to meaningful decide if a process is random enough based on a single result; and that humans are lousy judges of randomness, deeming a result of a random shuffle such as "2143" as "more random" than "4321", even though both have the same probability of occurring. Perhaps someone with a better knowledge of probability and statistics can jump in here... Pimlottc (talk) 04:05, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * While rewriting primarily to "clarify and smooth" (below), I have reversed the direction of the purported bias for December birthdates. The article now matches the plot and its caption, which show and report too few December dates with high lottery numbers (later induction).
 * We should add a horizontal line to the plot at 195 or 195-1/2. We should mark the point at horizontal 257 or 258, vertical 1, with distinct shape or color or size. --P64 (talk) 19:13, 1 March 2010 (UTC)
 * To my eye it looks like we have 51 of 65 November/December birthdays in the bottom half of the scatterplot, representing the first half of the queue; only 14 of 65 in the top half of the plot and second half of the queue. Treating that count as Binomial(65, 1/2), the two-tail probability is about 1 in 100,000. If the count is actually 16 of 65 in the top half, that probability is still less than 1 in 10,000 (0.0001). Even at count 18 of 65 it's less than 1 in 2000 (0.0005).
 * Interpretation depends on adjustment for multiple hypotheses. Briefly, why focus on November/December rather than another two months? (Or why on December as the scatterplot caption does?) It may be helpful to read a longer description of the procedure using capsules, shoebox, and jar. To me the brief quotation in the article suggests a monotonic bias from January to December. --P64 (talk) 20:21, 7 May 2011 (UTC)

Number of inductees in 1968
The author is confusing (a) number of draft inductees in 1968 with (b) the number of U.S. military stationed in Vietnam. The citation given in no way supports the assertion that 568,100 American men were drafted in 1968. You will find that 296,406 is the correct figure for inductees in 1968.

clarify and smooth
I have revised all three main sections to clarify and smooth what they say, without further research. This sharpens any points where the previous authors may be wrong, and I have flagged two with "citation needed". At those two points the authors say that the draft lottery strengthened the anti-war movement or the anti-war resentment. (I interpreted their "turn for the worst" as the movement strengthening.) --P64 (talk) 18:45, 1 March 2010 (UTC)
 * This is getting a little more complicated. Now I have added to three other sections of this talk page: "Relevance to Vietnam war", "which is incorrect?", and "Perception of insufficient 'randomness'".
 * I have also added a few in-line links to pages at Selective Service System: History and Records. I see how to add numbered Notes but this source is already both the third Reference and the first External Link. Probably wiki software can unify this somehow, rather than repetitively give the same source in Notes, References, and External Links. --P64 (talk) 20:22, 1 March 2010 (UTC)

Unless I'm wrong, there's a big error...
I'm having trouble reconciling two different parts of this article that seem to contradict each other.

The article says "People soon noticed that the lottery numbers were not distributed uniformly over the year. In particular, December birthdates generally had higher draft numbers representing later calls to serve (see figure)."

However the caption of the scatter plot says otherwise...

"1969 draft lottery scatterplot. A scatterplot of the days of the year (horizontal axis) and their ranks (vertical axis) shows a noticeable absence of days in December with high ranks (later induction)."

-- Looking at the scatter plot I think the article is wrong. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.58.78.136 (talk) 15:31, 18 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Someone corrected that months ago. (Spring 2010, I think I mixed up something regarding up:down low:high and early:late, in the course of rewriting to make the point clear. So it was clear and wrong for a while. Now it should be clear and right.)
 * Today I expanded the image size for clarity; revised its caption and the text for clarity. I hope that helps.--P64 (talk) 19:56, 7 May 2011 (UTC)

Who Is Starr?
The first two "bulleted" references under the subheading "References" are just references akin to "Further Reading" rather than a specific list of in-line references. In any event, the first one of these lists a reference with an editorial comment to the effect of "called by Starr the' best and most comprehensive' article on the topic". This is the first reference to the person, Starr, in the article. Which one? Ringo Starr? Not impossible, but certainly implausible.

In any event, it needs to be fixed. It needs to be cleaned up. The introduction of the last name of the person should always include a first name. After that you can refer to him by the last name. Anybody knows this. I assume that the reference is to one Norton Star. But I don't know for sure. So I did not just insert Norton. I inserted Ringo in the hopes that somebody, such as the owner of the article and the person who reverted my "correction," would correct this glaring error. As usual, I was disappointed by the response by the Wikipedia article owner. It can be hard to be a responsible Wikipedia contributor. Much easier to be a semi--responsible get things done quicker person.

So I will try the correct way with this "Talk" contribution. I expected it to go nowhere. Da5id403 (talk) 21:39, 21 August 2013 (UTC)

PS: I am logged in. Why doesn't Wikipedia automatically add my name? What is with the tildes?

 * I imagine it is Norton Starr author of ref #2. But it is unnecessary and I deleted it.  Pinethicket (talk) 22:06, 21 August 2013 (UTC)

Trouble finding the article
I had trouble finding this article. I searched for "Vietnam War Draft," and it did not come up as a suggested link. I looked at "draft dodgers," and a few other articles before I found this link in the footnotes to the Vietnam War article.

It needs to have a more visible presence, and "Vietnam" should probably be in the title. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.70.220.6 (talk) 21:31, 27 May 2015 (UTC)

 * I have done this: Vietnam War draft. Thanks for the suggestion. —Mark Dominus (talk) 04:02, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

Weird leap year claim
I've removed "Additionally, the inclusion of a slip for February 29 made that date grossly over-represented, given that some of the birth years of prospective inductees were common years. However, the non-uniform lottery was allowed to stand." I don't see it in source 3 or 4 and it doesn't make sense to me. February 29 had a rank of 285, so they weren't overrepresented in the draft, I assume. And the existence of a "full" slip for the date doesn't affect the rank of anyone else vs. anyone else. So I think someone just didn't think through what they were saying here. (note: I found this as a question at, but alas, they don't provide an answer for me to cite. Wnt (talk) 20:47, 19 March 2016 (UTC)

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Wiki Education assignment: Introduction to Historical Studies
— Assignment last updated by Aidan.Teague (talk) 18:19, 31 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vietnam War draft


text:
Grey Southeast

Grey Southeast was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1935. It was located in the province of Ontario. This riding was created in 1914 from parts of Grey East and Grey South ridings when the county of Grey was re-divided into two ridings, Grey North and Grey Southeast.

The southeast riding consisted of the towns of Durham and Hanover, and the villages of Markdale, Dundalk, Flesherton and Chatsworth, and the townships of Bentinck, Normandy, Glenelg, Egremont, Proton, Artemesia, Osprey, Holland and Sullivan.

In 1924, it was redefined to consist of the part of the county of Grey lying south of and including the townships of Sullivan, Holland, Artemesia and Osprey.

The electoral district was abolished in 1933 when it was redistributed between Grey North and Grey—Bruce ridings.

It was the first riding in Canada to elect a female Member of Parliament, when it elected Agnes Macphail of the Progressive Party in the 1921 election.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Election results

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title: Grey Southeast


text:
Lanark (federal electoral district)

Lanark was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1968. It was located in the province of Ontario. This riding was first created in 1914 from Lanark North and Lanark South ridings.

It consisted of the county of Lanark.

The electoral district was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed between Frontenac—Lennox and Addington and Lanark and Renfrew ridings.

Members of Parliament
This riding elected the following members of the House of Commons of Canada:

Electoral history

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On Mr. Hanna's death, 27 February 1918:

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On Mr. Stewart's death, 7 October 1922:

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On Mr. Preston's death, 8 February 1929:

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On Mr. Blair's death, 16 June 1957:

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title: Lanark (federal electoral district)


text:
Albert D. Sturtevant

Albert Dillon Sturtevant (2 May 1894 – 15 February 1918) was an officer in the United States Navy during World War I.

Biography
Sturtevant was born in Washington, D.C., the son of Charles Lyon [1867-1934] and Bessie (Dillon) [1869-1917] Sturtevant.

The duty of Sturtevant's crew was to fly escort for merchantmen crossing the North Sea. On 15 February 1918 Sturtevant was one of an international crew of four in a Curtiss H-12B flying boat. The flight officer that day was Claude Chester Purdy, a Canadian enlisted in the Royal Naval Service. Sturtevant, as second officer, was gunner. Two others in the plane were British air mechanic 1st class Sidney James Hollidge and British boy mechanic Arthur Hector Stephenson. With another plane from the same unit, piloted by a South African named Faux, their assignment was to escort a convoy of ships carrying beef between the Netherlands and Britain. The two aircraft were attacked by a group of ten German seaplanes. The group split in half, with five seaplanes pursuing each of the flying boats. Faux managed to elude his attackers and escaped to the west and England, but Purdy was forced south towards the coast of Belgium. As if the situation were not dire enough, another group of German aircraft, led by Oberleutnant Friedrich Christiansen, air ace, entered the fray. Christiansen shot down the flying boat and it fell in flames into the North Sea. Christiansen later told Sturtevant's father that he circled the area and observed three crew members waving and clinging to the wreckage, but that he was unable to rescue them because it was a dangerous situation. Faux reported the attack at Felixstowe, where there was only one aircraft not otherwise engaged. That aircraft attempted a rescue but was damaged on takeoff. By the time another attempt could be made, any sign of the flying ship and its crew had disappeared.

Sturtevant was the first aviator in either the US Army or the Navy to be brought down in action.

Sturtevant was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously.

Navy Cross Citation
"The President of the United States of America takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to Ensign Albert D. Sturtevant, United States Navy, for distinguished and heroic service as an Aviator attached to the Royal Air Force Station at Felixstowe, England, making a great many offensive patrol flights over the North Sea and was shot down when engaged gallantly in combat with a number of enemy planes."

Legacy
Two ships, USS Sturtevant (DD-240), a Clemson-class destroyer, commissioned in 1920 and lost after entering an American minefield her crew was not aware of in April 1942, and USS Sturtevant (DE-239), an Edsall-class destroyer escort, active between 1943 and 1960, have been named after him.

title: Albert D. Sturtevant


text:
Northumberland (Ontario federal electoral district)

Northumberland was a federal and provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1968 and from 1987 to 2003, and in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1999 to 2007.

This riding was first created in 1914 from Northumberland East and Northumberland West ridings. It initially consisted of the county of Northumberland, excluding the township of Monaghan South. In 1947, South Monaghan was added to the riding, so that it consisted of the county of Northumberland. It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed between Northumberland—Durham and Prince Edward—Hastings ridings.

In 1976, Northumberland riding was recreated from parts of those two ridings. The new riding consisted of the County of Northumberland (including the Village of Hastings), but excluding the Township of Hope, the Town of Cobourg, and the part of the Township of Hamilton lying west of the Town of Cobourg and south of the Macdonald Cartier Freeway), and the Townships of Rawdon and Sidney (but excluding the city of Belleville) in the County of Hastings. In 1987, it was redefined to consist of the County of Northumberland and the City of Trenton.

The electoral district was abolished in 2003 when it was merged into Northumberland—Quinte West riding.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:


text: User talk:69.157.68.12

title: User talk:69.157.68.12


text:
User talk:Supercubedude

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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title: User talk:Supercubedude


text:
Port Arthur and Kenora

Port Arthur and Kenora was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1925. It was located in the province of Ontario. This riding was created in 1914 from parts of Thunder Bay and Rainy River riding.

It consisted of the territorial districts of Thunder Bay, Kenora and Rainy River, excluding parts included in Fort William and Rainy River, and of the district of Patricia.

The electoral district was abolished in 1924 when it was redistributed between Kenora—Rainy River and Port Arthur—Thunder Bay ridings.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Election history

 * Government
 * Francis Henry Keefer
 * align="right"| 5,990
 * Opposition
 * James Asher Dunbar
 * align="right"|2,476
 * }

 * Conservative
 * Francis Henry Keefer
 * align="right"| 3,627
 * Liberal
 * Alexander Jarvis McComber
 * align="right"|3,419
 * }

title: Port Arthur and Kenora


text:
Tommy the Cat

"Tommy the Cat" is a song by the American funk metal band Primus, released on their second album, Sailing the Seas of Cheese.

Recording
The song contains spoken word portions (as the voice of Tommy the Cat) interspersed with the singing of Les Claypool. In their live performances, Claypool does both parts himself; however, Tom Waits provided the voice of Tommy the Cat on the studio version from Sailing the Seas of Cheese.

Release
Primus released "Tommy the Cat" following their first major label single, "Jerry Was a Race Car Driver". In concert, Claypool started introducing all of their other songs by saying "This next song is not Tommy the Cat", apparently due to the popularity the song had gained after a video was released and played on MTV.

The song was briefly featured in the 1991 film Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey during the "Battle of the Bands" portion of the movie, where Primus was shown performing it.

The song was also used in the teaser trailers for South Park: Bigger, Longer, and Uncut.

A version called "Butters the Cat" was performed by Primus and Matt Stone at the South Park: 25th Anniversary Concert.

Music video
A black-and-white music video was made featuring live action and animation. Les Claypool is seen as a bartender pouring milk for an elderly man dressed as a cat and a smiling figure. The animation featured a female cat strolling into an alley filled with numerous tomcats while the titular Tommy relays what happened. Interspersed are occasional footage of the band playing the song.

title: Tommy the Cat


text:
User talk:Tom-Timmy

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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Zzyzx11 | Talk 22:29, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * If you are not new here, then welcome back. And remember, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~. Four tildes (~) produces your name and the current date. Zzyzx11 | Talk 22:38, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

May 2013
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title: User talk:Tom-Timmy


text:
Englefield Green

Englefield Green is a large village in the Borough of Runnymede, Surrey, England, approximately 20 mi west of central London. It is home to Runnymede Meadow, The Commonwealth Air Forces Memorial, The Savill Garden,and Royal Holloway, University of London.

The village grew from a hamlet in the 19th century, when much of Egham (1 mi to the east) was sold by the Crown Estate.

History
The village grew from a hamlet and medieval farmed swathe of land, known as a tithing, of the same name, combined with was a much wider, that is eastern tranche of its area associated with the former Great South West Road and its neighbouring land known as Egham Hill, both in Egham in the 19th century, when much of its land, principally in the western half, was parted with by sale from the Great Park in the Crown Estate. Parts of it in the west remain Crown Estate, mainly the entire south-east quarter of the Great Park (that non-built-up land seen in the map, shown, which is not in neighbouring Berkshire).

The last duel in England
The last fatal duel in England took place on Priest Hill in 1852. It was between two French refugees, Lt. Frederic Constant Cournet and Emmanuel Barthélemy. Cournet was supposed to have been the better prepared for a sword duel. Barthelemy, an extremely questionable individual (responsible for at least two murders by 1852), manipulated Cournet into challenging him (supposedly over comments Cournet made about Barthelemy's girlfriend), and chose pistols for the weapon. He killed Cournet, and was subsequently arrested for murder. However, Barthelemy managed to convince the jury that it was not a homicide as in the normal sense of the word, and was acquitted. Barthelemy was widely suspected of being a spy for the new French regime of Emperor Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III). In fact his bullying of other refugees had led to the confrontation with Cournet. However, three years later, he was engaged in a crime in London, possibly involving a blackmail attempt that did not work out. Two men were killed and Barthelemy was arrested. Despite giving an image of bravado in court, this time he was convicted, then hanged. Most criminal historians and writers feel he was repugnant but he had a defender in Victor Hugo, who wrote a small panegryric to him in one of the later sections of Les Misérables, before ultimately also agreeing that "Barthelemy at all times flew one flag only, and it was black."

Air Forces Memorial
On the road north of the halls of residence is the Air Forces Memorial which commemorates by name over 20,000 airmen and women who were lost in the Second World War during operations from bases in the United Kingdom and North and Western Europe, and who have no known graves. They served in Bomber, Fighter, Coastal, Transport, Flying Training and Maintenance Commands, and came from all parts of the Commonwealth, as well as some from countries in continental Europe which had been overrun but whose airmen continued to fight in the ranks of the Royal Air Force. The names in their thousands are inscribed on panels in a courtyard.

The memorial sits on a hill overlooking the celebrated Thames meadow of Runnymede where Magna Carta, enshrining basic freedoms in English law, was signed in 1215. The memorial was designed by Sir Edward Maufe with sculpture by Vernon Hill. The engraved glass and painted ceilings were designed by John Hutton and the poem engraved on the gallery window was written by Paul H Scott. It overlooks the River Thames on Cooper's Hill at Englefield Green between Windsor and Egham on the A328 (Priest Hill), 4 miles from Windsor and is well signposted as 'Air Force Memorial'.

Runnymede Halls of Residence
Just north of the village proper are seven halls. These were last in use for education itself as the 'Runnymede campus' of Brunel University and before which by one of its forebears, Shoreditch College of Education. Today the buildings are used as halls of residence for the main campus at Uxbridge and Royal Holloway, Englefield Green. The halls were named after Shoreditch staff: Scrivens, Marshall, Bradley, Reed and Rowan save for President Hall, where the College president lived, and College Hall that were both named in its Royal Indian Engineering College period. Embellished Neo Gothic and similar style stone and brick mixture buildings, they were built by Sir Matthew Digby Wyatt, who had been Isambard Kingdom Brunel's architect for London Paddington station and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, now the Judge Institute. Corridors in President and College Halls were named after prominent British and Anglo-Indian figures, such as George Canning, Warren Hastings, Richard Wellesley and Charles Cornwallis.

In 2007, Brunel advertised the buildings for sale. Royal Holloway looked for provision of a quota of student accommodation to complement its adjacent Kingswood Hall. In June 2007 it was acquired by developer Oracle for £46m. Englefield Green Village Residents Association members voted to remind Runnymede Borough Council that any expansion of buildings should be in keeping with the village architecture and density as locally interpreted.

Gilbert's Statue of Eros on the Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain, Piccadilly Circus, was kept in the college during World War II.

Governance
Englefield Green is located in the Borough of Runnymede and Weybridge. It was represented in Parliament by former Conservative MP Philip Hammond from 1997 until his resignation in 2019. It is currently represented by Conservative MP Ben Spencer.

The village is divided into two wards for the purpose of Borough Council elections – East (Cllr Andrea Berardi, Cllr Trevor Gates) and West (Cllr Abby King, Cllr Eliza Kettle, Cllr Nick Prescot). The village is represented on Surrey County Council by Cllr Marisa Heath.

Borough Councillors
Italics indicate a by-election.

Residents
Marilyn Monroe and Arthur Miller, then newlyweds, spent four months (mid-July to November) in 1956, including their honeymoon, in Parkside House, Englefield Green for the duration of Monroe's work on the film The Prince and the Showgirl with Laurence Olivier.

Saudi billionaire Walid Juffali owned Bishopsgate House and its 42-acre estate from about 2001 until his death in 2016. Leslie Charteris, author of the Simon Templar novels, spent the final years of his life at Corfield, Ridgemead Road, near the Barley Mow.

Notes and references

 * References

title: Englefield Green


text:
User:Wsk

Retired Commander in the U.S. Navy with duty stations in Japan, France, and the Antarctic as well as a number of localities in the U.S

title: User:Wsk


text:
Neepawa (electoral district)

Neepawa was a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1949.

This riding was created in 1914 from parts of Dauphin and Portage la Prairie ridings.

It was abolished in 1947 when it was redistributed into Brandon, Dauphin, Marquette and Portage—Neepawa ridings.

Members of Parliament
This riding elected the following members of Parliament:

 * 1) Fred Langdon Davis, Unionist (1917–1921)
 * 2) Robert Milne, Progressive (1921–1925)
 * 3) Thomas Gerow Murphy, Conservative (1925–1926)
 * 4) Robert Milne, Progressive (1926–1930)
 * 5) Thomas Gerow Murphy, Conservative (1930–1935)
 * 6) Frederick Donald Mackenzie, Liberal (1935–1945)
 * 7) John Bracken, Progressive Conservative (1945–1949)

Election results
By-election: On Mr. Murphy's acceptance of an office of emolument under the Crown, 7 August 1930

title: Neepawa (electoral district)


text: User talk:81.153.232.241

title: User talk:81.153.232.241


text:
Springfield (federal electoral district)

Springfield was a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1968.

This riding was created in 1914 from parts of the Selkirk and Provencher ridings. It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Churchill, Portage, Provencher, Selkirk and Winnipeg North ridings.

Springfield was a swing riding, often returning members of the Liberal, Progressive Conservative, and New Democratic parties and their historical equivalents. The riding was most recently held by NDP MP Ed Schreyer, before it was dissolved into surrounding ridings.

1958 by-election
This by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent MP Val Yacula, on 24 September 1958. The riding was held for the Progressive Conservatives by Joseph Slogan.


text:
Hélder Câmara

Hélder Pessoa Câmara (7 February 1909 – 27 August 1999) was a Brazilian Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Olinda and Recife from 1964 to 1985 during the military dictatorship in Brazil. He was declared a Servant of God in 2015.

A self-identified socialist, Câmara was an advocate of liberation theology. He did social and political work for the poor and for human rights and democracy during the military regime. Câmara preached for a church closer to the disfavoured people. He is quoted as having said, "When I give food to the poor, they call me a saint. When I ask why they are poor, they call me a communist."

Early life and education
He was born Hélder Pessoa Câmara on 7 February 1909 in Fortaleza, Ceará, in the poor Northeast Region of Brazil. His father was an accountant and his mother was a primary school teacher. He was educated in local Catholic schools and entered seminary in 1923.

Career
He was ordained a priest in 1931, with a dispensation from the Holy See since he was below the canonical age. Câmara was named auxiliary bishop of Rio de Janeiro by Pope Pius XII on 3 March 1952. During his first years as a priest he was a supporter of the far-right Brazilian Integralist Action (Ação Integralista Brasileira, AIB), an ideological choice that he later rejected. He also founded two social organizations: the Ceará Legion of Work, in 1931, and the Women Workers' Catholic Union, in 1933. On 12 March 1964, Pope Paul VI appointed him Archbishop of Olinda e Recife.

During his tenure, Câmara was informally called the "bishop of the slums" for his clear position on the side of the urban poor. With other clerics, he encouraged peasants to free themselves from their conventional fatalistic outlook by studying the gospels in small groups and proposing the search for social change from their readings. He was active in the formation of the Brazilian Bishops' Conference in 1952, and served as its first general secretary until 1964. In 1959 he founded Banco da Providência in Rio de Janeiro, a philanthropic organization to fight poverty and social injustice by facilitating the contraction of loans by poorer populations.

He attended all four sessions of the Second Vatican Council and played a significant role in drafting Gaudium et spes. On 16 November 1965, a few days before the council ended, 40 bishops led by Câmara met at night in the Catacombs of Domitilla outside Rome. They celebrated the Eucharist and signed a document under the title of the Pact of the Catacombs. In 13 points, they challenged their brother bishops to live lives of evangelical poverty: without honorific titles, privileges, and worldly ostentation. They taught that "the collegiality of the bishops finds its supreme evangelical realization in jointly serving the two-thirds of humanity who live in physical, cultural, and moral misery". They called for openness "to all, no matter what their beliefs".

Under the guidance of Câmara, the Catholic Church in Brazil became an outspoken critic of the 1964–1985 military dictatorship and a powerful movement for social change. Câmara spoke out and wrote about the implications of using violence to repress rebellion resulting from poverty and injustice in other venues than Brazil. Traditionalist Catholics urged the military government to arrest Câmara for his support of land reform and Câmara's colleague, Father Antônio Henrique Pereira Neto, was murdered by unknown conservative forces.

A proponent of liberation theology, he was Archbishop of the Diocese of Olinda and Recife from 1964 to 1985, the entirety of the dictatorship. Liberation theology brought forth the political aspect of the Church's charitable work and was criticized on the grounds that it was encouraging the armed revolutionary struggles that swept Latin America during the 1970s and 1980s.

Câmara published Spiral of Violence in 1971, a short tract written when the United States was immersed in a still escalating Vietnam War. It is distinctive for linking structural injustice (Level 1 violence) with escalating rebellion (Level 2 violence) and repressive reaction (Level 3 violence). In it, Câmara called on the youth of the world to take steps to break the spiral, saying their elders became addicted to those escalating steps.

He died in Recife on 27 August 1999 at the age of 90.

Views
Câmara endorsed the position of the Orthodox Church that spouses who were abandoned should be allowed to remarry within the church. He also admitted women's ordination. He criticized Pope Paul VI's removal of artificial contraception from the purview of the Second Vatican Council as "a mistake" meant to "torture spouses, to disturb peace of many homes", "a new condemnation of Galileo", "the death of the Council" and "the practical denial of collegiality". According to the former Vatican's Secretariat of State, however, Câmara went on to send a telegram to the Vatican praising the encyclical Humanae Vitae.

In his famous interview with Italian journalist Oriana Fallaci, he also stated that, despite his support for non-violence, he did not condemn violent tactics: "And I respect a lot priests with rifles on their shoulders; I never said that to use weapons against an oppressor is immoral or anti-Christian. But that's not my choice, not my road, not my way to apply the Gospels".

Câmara identified himself as a socialist and not as a Marxist, and while disagreeing with Marxism, had Marxist sympathies. In the Fallaci interview, he stated, "My socialism is special, it's a socialism that respects the human person and goes back to the Gospels. My socialism is justice." He said, concerning Marx, that while he disagreed with his conclusions, he agreed with his analysis of the capitalist society.

He never denied his communist sympathies and he openly supported dialogue with communists. He believed in the Fátima apparitons but he interpreted its call for the "conversion of Russia" as meaning that the Soviet Union would abandon his anti-religious policies but will not be rejecting communism. He wrote: "And what was the appeal of Fatima for?... Not for the annihilation of the USSR and China, but for their conversion... In 1967 the Russian Revolution will celebrate its jubilee... We must accelerate the pace, there is no more time to waste". In a poem dedicated to French Dominican priest Louis-Joseph Lebret, Câmara states his belief that Karl Marx was in Heaven, and has him decorating Lebret of behalf of Jesus Christ: “Who decorated you/ in the name of Christ/ It was Karl Marx,/ taken to heaven/ for criticizing capital/ and for the protection of workers?!.../ And the lack of understanding regarding faith?/ It was the Christians' fault/ that he found around and gave him wrong vision/ of Christ and Christianity?...."

Legacy and honors

 * In 1973, Câmara was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize by the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC). His candidacy was however undermined by two conservative members (Sjur Lindebrække and Bernt Ingvaldsen) of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, who cooperated with the Brazilian ambassador in Oslo as the military dictatorship in Brazil was vehemently against him receiving the Nobel peace prize.
 * In 1975, he was awarded the Pacem in Terris Award, initiated by the Catholic Interracial Council of the Diocese of Davenport, Iowa. It was named after a 1963 encyclical letter by Pope John XXIII that calls upon all people of good will to secure peace among all nations. Pacem in terris is Latin for "Peace on Earth".

Servant of God
On 15 February 2015, the Archbishop of Olinda and Recife, Antônio Fernando Saburido announced that he was sending a letter to the Holy See requesting the opening of the process of canonization of Câmara. The letter was received on 16 February 2015, and less than ten days later, the assent was given by the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints, meaning that Câmara was given the title of Servant of God on 7 April 2015. The opening of the beatification process took place on 3 May that year in Olinda Cathedral. This marked the beginning of the diocesan phase of the beatification process.

title: Hélder Câmara


text:
Last Mountain (federal electoral district)

Last Mountain was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1935. This riding was created in 1914 from parts of Humboldt, Regina and Saskatoon ridings

It was abolished in 1933 when it was redistributed into Lake Centre, Melville and Yorkton ridings.


text:
Heathcote Botanical Gardens

Heathcote Botanical Gardens is a five-acre subtropical botanical garden located at 210 Savannah Road, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States. Heathcote is a non-profit, 501 (C)3 educational foundation that bills itself as the "Green Heart of the Treasure Coast." It began in 1960 as the commercial nursery of landscape architect Molly Crimmons and her husband, Jim. Heathcote Botanical Gardens was established in 1986 when the site was purchased by local citizens with contributions from the City of Fort Pierce, St. Lucie County, the State of Florida and Friends of Heathathcote Botanical Gardens.

It currently includes a Japanese garden with teahouse, Reflection Garden, Herb Garden, Rainforest Display, Native Plants Garden, Children's Garden, and a Palm and Cycad Walk.

Other garden plants include: bamboo, a banyan tree, bromeliads, Clerodendrums, Clusia rosea, Coccoloba uvifera, Codiaeum sp., crotons, Encephalartos gratus, orchids, Pandanus utilis, Petrea volubilis, philodendrons, pineapple, Podocarpus gracilior, Tillandsias, and Zamia pumila.

The Garden of Lights is a major fundraiser that sees the entire garden decorated with tens of thousands of tiny Christmas lights. It draws more than 10,000 people each year during weekend evenings leading up to Christmas.

The Adams/Peterson Pioneer house is a replica of an 1870 "Cracker"- style home that shows what it was like to live in Old Florida.

Heathcote is most well known for being the home of the James J. Smith Bonsai Collection, the largest public display of bonsai in the country. The collection has more bonsai on year-round display than any other public exhibit in the United States. Although there are 26 species represented in the collection, almost half the trees are species of ficus. The more than 100 specimen bonsai range from a huge buttonwood, estimated to be 200 years old, to a magnificent, twin-trunk Jaboticaba, originally styled by John Naka in 1973. James J. Smith was an internationally recognized authority on bonsai who operated a wholesale bonsai nursery in Vero Beach, FL. He learned from some of the most famous bonsai masters in the world including John Naka and Toshio Saburomaru. For decades, Smith conducted a free monthly workshop at his Durastone Nursery on Old Dixie Highway. He was mentor to several generations of Florida bonsai artists. His bonsai are in numerous important collections around the world, and numerous books picture his trees and discuss his work.

When he was in his 80s, he agreed to give most of his private collection to Heathcote if it could develop a suitable display area. Heathcote conducted a major fundraising campaign and developed a plan for a 10,000-square-foot garden complete with stone stands and a Japanese-influenced pavilion that is a favorite scene for weddings and garden parties.

Smith died in 2016.

title: Heathcote Botanical Gardens


text:
Talk:María Lionza

Untitled
Who says "onza" means jaguar? I do not think so. Anagnorisis 03:31, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

According to the Diccionario de la Lengua Española, onza is another word for jaguarundí. The jaguarundí should not be mistaken with the Jaguar species, however.--69.121.105.183 05:51, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

Erik the Red?
Just watched a program about Maria Lionza and there was a brief mention of a connection with the Viking Erik the Red. Could someone more knowledgable about the topic add and eliberate within the article more about that connection? Thank you. Viva Wiki! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.15.147.117 (talk) 20:47, 23 May 2009 (UTC)

Good new source: the new York times
Today's edition of The New York Times (oct 28) has a good article about the religion and bits about it's history, place in Venezualian society and use of people like Erik the Red. --166.205.6.39 (talk) 14:57, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

Not mentioned?
Maria Lionza is not worship alone. No mention of Negro Felipe and Indio Guaicaipuro. They are worship as a trio. (there are others also .....)

Ed 2607:FEA8:4A2:4100:C4AB:804B:20D3:AA43 (talk) 09:18, 16 April 2023 (UTC)
 * It is mentioned in the article.--ReyHahn (talk) 09:08, 17 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:María Lionza


text:
Maple Creek (federal electoral district)

Maple Creek was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1953. This riding was created in 1914 from parts of Moose Jaw riding.

It was abolished in 1952 when it was redistributed into Swift Current riding.

Election results
By-election: On Mr. Spence's resignation, 14 October 1927

 * Farmer
 * HOLLIS, Annie L. ||align=right|2,388


text:
Battle of Hafrsfjord

The Battle of Hafrsfjord (Slaget i Hafrsfjord) was a naval battle fought in Hafrsfjord sometime between 872 and 900 that resulted in the unification of Norway, later known as the Kingdom of Norway. After the battle, the victorious Viking chief Harald Fairhair proclaimed himself the first king of the Norwegians, merging several petty kingdoms under a single monarch for the first time.

Significance
Although most scholars currently tend to regard the unification as a process lasting centuries, rather than being the result of a single battle, the Battle of Hafrsfjord ranks high in the popular imagination of Norway. It was the conclusion of King Harald I of Norway's declaration to become the sole ruler of Norway. This battle may well have been the largest in Norway up to that time and for a substantial time afterward.

It was formerly believed that this battle was the decisive event in the unification of Norway. According to Snorri's saga, King Harald controlled large parts of Norway's southeast portion before the battle; but other sources claim that the eastern portion of Norway was under the Danish king. The Battle of Hafrsfjord marks the final crushing of opposition from Norway's southwestern portion (primarily Rogaland, but also chieftains from the Sognefjord area). This made it possible for King Harald to subdue the country and collect taxes from a large part of it. Later historiography regarded him as the first legitimate King of Norway. Many of the defeated who would not submit to Harald's rule emigrated to Iceland (q.v.).

Chronology
The exact year of the battle is unknown, but is generally considered to have taken place between 870 and 900. This uncertainty is due to lack of sources, and partly because the Christian calendar was not introduced at the time. The sagas follow the convention of counting the number of winters passed since an event.

A traditional date of the event, the year 872, is a 19th-century estimate. In the 1830s, the historian Rudolf Keyser counted the number of years backwards from the Battle of Svolder as recorded in Snorri Sturluson's Heimskringla, dating the battle to 872. Keyser's chronology was popularized by the works of the historian P. A. Munch, and by that time still unchallenged, this year was chosen for the millennial celebration of the unification of the Norwegian state in 1872.

In the 1920s, using similar methods as Keyser but highly critical to the reliability of the sagas, the historian Halvdan Koht dated the battle to about 900. For the next fifty years, this chronology was regarded by most scholars as being most likely. In the 1970s, the Icelandic historian Ólafia Einarsdóttir concluded that the battle took place somewhere between 870 and 875. However still disputed, most scholars will agree that the battle took place during the 880s.

Memorials
The national monument of Haraldshaugen was raised in 1872 to commemorate the Battle of Hafrsfjord. In 1983, the monument and landmark The Swords in the Rock (Sverd i fjell) was designed by Fritz Røed and raised at Hafrsfjord in memory of the battle.

Other sources

 * Forte, Angelo with Richard Oram and Frederik Pedersen (2005) Viking Empires (Cambridge University Press) ISBN 978-0521829922
 * Lincoln, Bruce (2014) Between History and Myth: Stories of Harald Fairhair and the Founding of the State (University of Chicago Press) ISBN 978-0226140926

title: Battle of Hafrsfjord


text:
Talk:LaMoure, North Dakota

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title: Talk:LaMoure, North Dakota


text:
North Battleford (federal electoral district)

North Battleford was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1949.

This riding was created in 1914 from parts of Battleford, Prince Albert and Saskatoon ridings.

It initially consisted of the northwestern part of the province, north of the North Saskatchewan River and west of the third meridian. It was redefined in 1924 and 1933.

The electoral district was abolished in 1947 when it was redistributed into Prince Albert, Rosetown—Biggar and The Battlefords ridings.


text: Template:User no-1

title: Template:User no-1


text:
Weyburn (federal electoral district)

Weyburn was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1949.

This riding was created in 1914 from parts of Assiniboia, Qu'Appelle and Regina ridings.

It was Tommy Douglas' riding from 1935 until he left Parliament to enter provincial politics in 1944.

It was abolished in 1947 when it was redistributed into Moose Mountain, Assiniboia and Qu'Appelle ridings.

Election results

 * United Reform
 * HILTON, John Harrison ||align=right|269

title: Weyburn (federal electoral district)


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USS Sturtevant

Two ships in the United States Navy have been named USS Sturtevant for Albert D. Sturtevant.

 * The first USS Sturtevant (DD-240) was a Clemson-class destroyer, commissioned in 1920 and sunk by allied mines in April 1942.
 * The second USS Sturtevant (DE-239) was an Edsall-class destroyer escort, commissioned in 1943 and decommissioned in 1960.

title: USS Sturtevant


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D. J. Fontana

Dominic Joseph Fontana (March 15, 1931 – June 13, 2018) was an American musician best known as the drummer for Elvis Presley for 14 years. In 1955, he was hired to play drums for Presley, which marked the beginning of a 15-year relationship. He played on over 460 RCA recordings with Elvis.

Career
After serving in Korea with the U.S. Army, Fontana (nicknamed "D.J.") was employed by the Louisiana Hayride to be an in-house drummer on its Saturday night radio broadcast.

Fontana joined a band (originally assembled by Sam Phillips) that was without a drummer. The band included Scotty Moore (lead guitar), Bill Black (bass), and Elvis Presley (rhythm guitar). They called themselves The Blue Moon Boys. This became the band that would perform and record the vast majority of Presley's hits of the 1950s.

Along with the occasional piano and backing vocals from the Jordanaires, The Blue Moon Boys played on several Elvis hits, including "Heartbreak Hotel", "Hound Dog", "Don't Be Cruel", and "Jailhouse Rock". The band toured extensively. Throughout 1956 and 1957, the band had several television appearances, which included The Ed Sullivan Show. The band broke up in 1958.

Although the band had officially broken up, Fontana, Moore, and Elvis still regularly played and recorded together throughout the 1960s. In 1968, Fontana performed on the NBC television special, often referred to as Elvis' 'Comeback' Special. Fontana played with Elvis for 13 years, from 1955 to 1968.

Stan Lynch said of Fontana: "Armed with accuracy, power, swing, dynamics, great time and — the biggest compliment of all — simplicity whenever it was best, D.J. rocked the greatest singer and the greatest songs ... ever. He did it year after year, record after classic record. In a world of one trick ponies and lucky "Rock Stars," D.J. is the real deal."

Moore and Fontana also performed together without Presley, including a 2001 recording with Paul McCartney of "That's All Right (Mama)".

Other work
In 1983, Fontana published a book in pictorial form, titled D.J. Fontana Remembers Elvis, detailing his years playing with Elvis. Fontana's Life and Times weekly phonecasting debuted on July 3, 2007.

Recognition
D. J. Fontana was inducted into the Rockabilly Hall of Fame on January 14, 2009, and on April 4, also in 2009, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, in the "sidemen" category. English musician Wayne Fontana (born Glyn Geoffrey Ellis) took his stage name from the drummer.

Fontana was played by Ed Begley, Jr. in the 1979 motion picture Elvis, and by Eric William Pierson in the 2005 CBS miniseries Elvis.

Death
Fontana died in his sleep on June 13, 2018, in Nashville at the age of 87. At the time of his death, he was suffering from complications of a broken hip.

Recordings
Unknown recording duet: Robert Hampton and Johnny Paycheck, "I Love My Jesus" Drummer: D.J. Fontana • "Heartbreak Hotel"/"I Was the One" [2 × Platinum]

• "Blue Suede Shoes"/"Tutti Frutti" [Gold]

• "I Want You, I Need You, I Love You"/"My Baby Left Me" [Platinum]

• "Hound Dog"/"Don't Be Cruel" [4 × Platinum]

• "Love Me Tender"/"Any Way You Want Me" [3 × Platinum]

• "Too Much"/"Playing for Keeps" [Platinum]

• "All Shook Up"/"That's When Your Heartaches Begin" [2 × Platinum]

• "(Let Me Be Your) Teddy Bear"/"Loving You" [2 × Platinum]

• "Jailhouse Rock"/"Treat Me Nice" [2 × Platinum]

• "Don't"/"I Beg of You" [Platinum]

• "Wear My Ring Around Your Neck"/"Doncha' Think It's Time" [Platinum]

• "Hard Headed Woman"/"Don't Ask Me Why" [Platinum]

• "I Got Stung"/"One Night" [Platinum]

• "(Now and Then There's) A Fool Such as I"/"I Need Your Love Tonight" [Platinum]

• "A Big Hunk o' Love"/"My Wish Came True" [Gold]

• "Stuck on You"/"Fame and Fortune" [Platinum]

• "It's Now or Never"/"A Mess of Blues" [Platinum]

• "Are You Lonesome Tonight"/"I Gotta Know" [2 × Platinum]

• "Surrender"/"Lonely Man" [Platinum]

• "I Feel So Bad"/"Wild in the Country" [Gold]

• "(Marie's the Name) His Latest Flame"/"Little Sister" [Gold]

• "Can't Help Falling in Love"/"Rock-A-Hula Baby" [Platinum]

• "Good Luck Charm"/"Anything That's Part of You" [Platinum]

• "She's Not You"/"Just Tell Her Jim Said Hello" [Gold]

• "Return to Sender"/"Where Do You Come From" [Platinum]

• "One Broken Heart For Sale"/"They Remind Me Too Much of You" [Gold]

• "(You're the) Devil in Disguise"/"Please Don't Drag That String Around" [Gold]

• "Bossa Nova Baby"/"Witchcraft" [Gold]

• "Kissin' Cousins"/"It Hurts Me" [Gold]

• "Viva Las Vegas"/"What'd I Say" [Gold]

• "Ain't That Loving You, Baby"/"Ask Me" [Gold]

• "Crying in the Chapel"/"I Believe in the Man in the Sky" [Platinum]

• "I'm Yours"/"Long Lonely Highway" [Gold]

• "Puppet on a String"/"Wooden Heart" [Gold]

• "Blue Christmas"/"Santa Claus Is Back in Town" [Platinum]

• "Tell Me Why"/" Blue River" [Gold]

• "Frankie and Johnny"/"Please Don't Stop Loving Me" [Gold]

title: D. J. Fontana


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Old Windsor

Old Windsor is a village and civil parish, in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, in Berkshire, England. It is bounded by the River Thames to the east and the Windsor Great Park to the west.

Etymology
The name originates from old English Windles-ore, Windlesora, or winch by the riverside. The village was originally called Windsor, until the (now larger) town of "New" Windsor, 3 mi from the village, and grew up next to Windsor Castle, assumed the name. Windsor is first mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.

Kingsbury
Old Windsor was once the site of an important palace of the Saxon kings. The settlement is documented as a defended royal manor in Edward the Confessor's time, but archaeological evidence suggests royal connections had existed since at least the 9th century. The Saxon royal site was excavated between 1953 and 1958, and the finds are at Reading Museum. Edward gave the manor to the Abbot of Westminster in 1066, but it was soon taken back into royal possession by William the Conqueror.

Old Windsor was popular with the monarch because of its convenient location; near to the River Thames for transport and Windsor Forest for hunting. Old Windsor was also an early minster location and market, probably associated with a lock, and important riverside mill complex. The Saxon palace was eventually superseded by the Norman Windsor Castle, at 'New' Windsor. The palace, however, became a popular royal hunting lodge while Windsor Castle was still a fortress rather than a comfortable residence.

The Beaumont Estate
At the southern end of the village is the historic Beaumont Estate. First mention of the estate is recorded around the year 1300, when the estate, and much of the surrounding area was under the ownership of Hugo de Remenham. The estate was, at the time, known as Remenham, and occupied a larger area than it does now, stretching all the way down to the river Thames, and including the historic pub, the Bells of Ouzeley. After changing hands a few times, the estate was bought by Henry Frederick Tynne who had the house redesigned in 1705 by architect James Gibbs, renamed it Bowman's Lodge. The estate was acquired in the mid-eighteenth century by Sophia, Duchess of Kent. In 1751 the estate was bought by the Duke of Roxburghe for his son, the Marquess of Beaumont, who renamed it Beaumont Lodge.

It was bought in 1786 by Warren Hastings, the first Governor-General of India, and most notable resident of the estate, for £12,000. In 1790, the owner Henry Griffith had Windsorian architect Henry Emlyn rebuild, and modify the house. The estate was sold in 1805 for £14,000 to Viscount Ashbrook, a friend of George IV. After the Viscount's death in 1846, the Bells of Ouzeley pub was sold by his widow, and in 1854, she sold the estate to the Society of Jesus, who used it as Beaumont College. In 1861 it became the St. Stanislaus College, Beaumont; a Catholic boarding school for boys. In 1967, the school closed, and moved to merge with Stonyhurst College, in Lancashire. The estate was subsequently bought by the computer company ICL, and then by Hayley Conference Centres, in 2003.

Churches

The parish of Old Windsor contains one Church of England church: the parish Church of St Peter and St Andrew. The Parish Church was probably built on the site of a chapel attached to the hunting lodge of Edward the Confessor. After the original building was destroyed by French soldiers, the church was rebuilt in 1218. In 1865, an extensive restoration plan was carried out by Giles Gilbert Scott which included the removal of a porch which had been added onto the building during the Georgian period. A spire was also built to replace the cupola, and three bells were added to the original five, dating from 1775.

On Easter Day 2008, the church suffered a serious fire, but has since been restored. The original church of St Luke was built in 1867, but after falling into disrepair, was replaced by a newer building in the 1960s. The building was sold in 2023 as it was no longer needed for worship. The church contains a carpet which was bought in 1960 from Westminster Abbey, where it had been used during the coronation. A chapel at Beaumont is said to be the inspiration for the chapel in Evelyn Waugh's Brideshead Revisited. Waugh spent time in Windsor, whilst in the armed forces.

Pubs
Old Windsor is home to six pubs: the Bells of Ouzeley, the Fox and Castle, The Loch and The Tyne, the Jolly Gardeners, the Toby Carvery, and the Union Inn; and one members club, The Old Windsor Club. There are also a small number of local shops and several restaurants.

Schools
Old Windsor is home to two state schools – King's Court First School and St Peter's Church of England Middle School – and St John's Beaumont independent school. St John's Beaumont was opened in 1888, originally a preparatory school for the Jesuit public school, Beaumont College, which was also situated in Old Windsor. Beaumont College was closed in 1967.

The Great Park
Windsor Great Park is largely within the bounds of Old Windsor, including both the Royal and Cumberland Lodges.

Famous people
Old Windsor is, or has been, the home of several famous people, including:
 * Sir Elton John, who lives at Woodside on the edge of the Great Park
 * Actress Geraldine McEwan, who was born in Old Windsor

Location
Old Windsor lies on the south bank of the River Thames, 2.5 mi southeast of the town of Windsor. It is near to the villages of Englefield Green and Datchet, and is connected by a towpath to Old Windsor Lock. The parish church lies on the edge of the village by the river, at the site of the original settlement.

Transport links
Old Windsor is approximately 5 minutes' drive from Windsor and 20 minutes from London Heathrow Airport, and is near to the M4 and M25 motorways. The nearest railway station is at Datchet and is just under 3 mi away.

title: Old Windsor


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Bow River (electoral district)

Bow River is a federal electoral district in southern Alberta, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1968, from 1979 to 1988 and since 2015.

This riding was first created in 1914 from Macleod riding. It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Calgary North, Crowfoot, Palliser and Rocky Mountain ridings.

It was re-created in 1976 from parts of Crowfoot, Lethbridge, Palliser and Rocky Mountain ridings. It was abolished in 1987 when it was redistributed into Calgary North, Calgary Northeast, Calgary West, Crowfoot, Lethbridge, Macleod, Red Deer and Wild Rose ridings.

It was re-created by the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution and was legally defined in the 2013 representation order. It came into effect upon the call of the 42nd Canadian federal election, scheduled for October 2015. This newest iteration of the riding was created out of parts of Crowfoot (53%), Medicine Hat (37%) and Macleod (10%) ridings.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of the House of Commons of Canada:

title: Bow River (electoral district)


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Triglav Lakes Valley

The Triglav Lakes Valley (Dolina Triglavskih jezer) is a rocky hanging valley in the Julian Alps in Slovenia, below the sheer sides of Mount Tičarica and Mount Zelnarica southwest of Triglav. The valley is also called the Seven Lakes Valley (Dolina sedmerih jezer), although there are ten and not seven lakes in the valley. It is above the tree line and is geologically alpine karst; therefore it has also been termed the Sea of Stone Valley (Dolina kamnitega morja).

Lakes
The lowest lake is the Black Lake (Črno jezero) at an elevation of 1294 m above sea level; it is above the rocky slope of the Komarča Crag. The Alpine newt (Ichthyosaura alpestris), endemic to the Alps, lives in it. Below Mount Tičarica (elevation 1676 m) there are two interconnected lakes known as the Double Lake (Dvojno jezero). At an elevation of 1838 m lies the Big Lake (Veliko jezero) or the Lake Ledvica (literally: Lake Kidney; Jezero v Ledvici). It has the shape of a kidney and is the largest and the deepest of these lakes. The highest is the Podstenje Lake (Jezero v Podstenju), which is located at an elevation of 1993 m.

Mountain huts
There are two mountain lodges in the Triglav Lakes Valley. The Triglav Lakes Lodge (Koča pri Triglavskih jezerih; 1683 m), owned by the Ljubljana-Matica Hilwalking Club, is located at its southern edge, whereas the Central Sava Lodge at Prehodavci (Zasavska koča na Prehodavcih; 2071 m), operated by the Radeče Alpine Club, is located at its northern edge. They are two hours apart. They may be accessed from Bohinj over the Komna Plateau (5 hours to the Triglav Lakes Lodge), from Bohinj over the Komarča Crag (3 hours), from the Blato Pasture (3:30 hours), from Trenta (3 hours to the Central Sava Valley Lodge, and over Trebiščina Pasture (3:30 hours to the Central Sava Valley Lodge).

Cultural significance
The designer Marko Pogačnik stylised the Triglav Lakes Valley in the Slovenian coat of arms with two wavy lines under the silhouette of Triglav.

title: Triglav Lakes Valley


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Edmonton West

Edmonton West (Edmonton-Ouest) is a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1988, from 1997 to 2004 and again since 2015.

History and geography
This riding was first created in 1914 from Edmonton riding. Originally, this was a vast rural district including most of the northwestern quadrant of the province of Alberta and a portion of the city of Edmonton: the area north of the North Saskatchewan River and west of 101st Street.

In 1924, it took in parts of the now-abolished Strathcona riding that had been within Edmonton city limits. It took in the southside area lying west of 103rd Street.

In 1924 the northern rural sections were also separated to form the ridings of Peace River and Athabasca.

In 1933 the more southerly portions became Jasper—Edson. The areas nearer the city but outside it became Pembina in 1966.

The urban part of riding similarly shrank over time as Edmonton's population expanded and new districts were spun off from Edmonton West. Parts of Edmonton West were lost to Edmonton—Strathcona (in 1952), Edmonton Centre (for the first time in 1966), and Edmonton North (in 1976). However, it also gained area from the (temporary) abolition of Edmonton Centre in 1976.

Edmonton West was abolished in 1987 when it was redistributed into Edmonton Northwest and Edmonton Southwest ridings. It was re-created in 1996 from the abolished Edmonton Northwest and redrawn Edmonton Southwest ridings.

Edmonton West was abolished again in 2003 and transferred mostly into the re-formed Edmonton Centre, with a smaller portion going into Edmonton—Spruce Grove. It was re-created by the 2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution from parts of the abolished Edmonton—Spruce Grove and redrawn Edmonton Centre.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of the House of Commons of Canada:

1917–1988
The vote tallies recorded here are the final ones after Army votes were added. Votes cast actually in Edmonton had Oliver the winner by more than 100 votes.

title: Edmonton West


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Lee Resolution

The Lee Resolution, also known as "The Resolution for Independence", was the formal assertion passed by the Second Continental Congress on July 2, 1776, resolving that the Thirteen Colonies (then referred to as the United Colonies) were "free and independent States" and separate from the British Empire. This created what became the United States of America, and news of the act was published that evening in The Pennsylvania Evening Post and the following day in The Pennsylvania Gazette. The Declaration of Independence, which officially announced and explained the case for independence, was approved two days later, on July 4, 1776.

The resolution is named for Richard Henry Lee of Virginia, who proposed it to Congress after receiving instructions and wording from the Fifth Virginia Convention and its President Edmund Pendleton. Lee's full resolution had three parts which were considered by Congress on June 7, 1776. Along with the independence issue, it also proposed to establish a plan for ensuing American foreign relations, and to prepare a plan of a confederation for the states to consider. Congress decided to address each of these three parts separately.

Some sources indicate that Lee used the language from the Virginia Convention's instructions almost verbatim. Voting was delayed for several weeks on the first part of the resolution while state support and legislative instruction for independence were consolidated, but the press of events forced the other less-discussed parts to proceed immediately. On June 10, Congress decided to form a committee to draft a declaration of independence in case the resolution should pass; the following day, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston were appointed as the Committee of Five to accomplish this. That same day, Congress decided to establish two other committees to develop the resolution's last two parts. The following day, another committee of five (John Dickinson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Benjamin Harrison V, and Robert Morris) was established to prepare a plan of treaties to be proposed to foreign powers; a third committee was created, consisting of one member from each colony, to prepare a draft of a constitution for confederation of the states.

The committee appointed to prepare a plan of treaties made its first report on July 18, largely in the writing of John Adams. A limited printing of the document was authorized, and it was reviewed and amended by Congress over the next five weeks. On August 27, the amended plan of treaties was referred back to the committee to develop instructions concerning the amendments, and Richard Henry Lee and James Wilson were added to the committee. Two days later, the committee was empowered to prepare further instructions and report back to Congress. The formal version of the plan of treaties was adopted on September 17. On September 24, Congress approved negotiating instructions for commissioners to obtain a treaty with France, based on the template provided in the plan of treaties; the next day, Benjamin Franklin, Silas Deane, and Thomas Jefferson were elected commissioners to the court of France. Alliance with France was considered vital if the war with Britain was to be won and the newly declared country was to survive.

The committee drafting a plan of confederation was chaired by John Dickinson; they presented their initial results to Congress on July 12, 1776. Long debates followed on such issues as sovereignty, the exact powers to be given the confederate government, whether to have a judiciary, and voting procedures. The final draft of the Articles of Confederation was prepared during the summer of 1777 and approved by Congress for ratification by the individual states on November 15, 1777, after a year of debate. It continued in use from that time onward, although it was not ratified by all states until almost four years later on March 1, 1781.

Toward independence
When the American Revolutionary War began in 1775, few colonists in British North America openly advocated independence from Great Britain. Support for independence grew steadily in 1776, especially after the publication of Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense in January of that year. In the Second Continental Congress, the movement towards independence was guided principally by an informal alliance of delegates eventually known as the "Adams-Lee Junto", after Samuel Adams and John Adams of Massachusetts and Richard Henry Lee of Virginia.

On May 15, 1776, the revolutionary Virginia Convention, then meeting in Williamsburg, passed a resolution instructing Virginia's delegates in the Continental Congress "to propose to that respectable body to declare the United Colonies free and independent States, absolved from all allegiance to, or dependence upon, the Crown or Parliament of Great Britain". In accordance with those instructions, on June 7, Richard Henry Lee proposed the resolution to Congress and it was seconded by John Adams.

Resolved, That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved.

That it is expedient forthwith to take the most effectual measures for forming foreign Alliances.

That a plan of confederation be prepared and transmitted to the respective Colonies for their consideration and approbation.

Congress as a whole was not yet ready to declare independence at that moment, because the delegates from some of the colonies, including Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, and New York, had not yet been authorized to vote for independence. Voting on the first clause of Lee's resolution was therefore postponed for three weeks while advocates of independence worked to build support in the colonial governments for the resolution. Meanwhile, a Committee of Five was appointed to prepare a formal declaration so that it would be ready when independence, which almost everyone recognized was now inevitable, was approved. The committee prepared a declaration of independence, written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, and presented it to Congress on June 28, 1776.

Approval and declaration
The declaration was set aside while the resolution of independence was debated for several days. The vote on the independence section of the Lee resolution had been postponed until Monday, July 1, when it was taken up by the Committee of the Whole. At the request of South Carolina, the resolution was not acted upon until the following day in the hope of securing unanimity. A trial vote had been tested where it was found that South Carolina and Pennsylvania were in the negative, with Delaware split in a tie between its two delegates. The vote was held on July 2, with critical changes happening between Monday and Tuesday. Edward Rutledge was able to persuade South Carolina delegates to vote yes, two Pennsylvania delegates were persuaded to be absent, and Caesar Rodney had been sent for through the night to break Delaware's tie, so Lee's resolution of independence was approved by 12 of the 13 colonies. Delegates from the Colony of New York still lacked instructions to vote for independence, so they abstained on this vote, although the New York Provincial Congress voted on July 9 to "join with the other colonies in supporting" independence.

The Lee Resolution's passage was reported at the time as the colonies' definitive declaration of independence from Great Britain. The Pennsylvania Evening Post reported on July 2: "This day the CONTINENTAL CONGRESS declared the UNITED COLONIES FREE and INDEPENDENT STATES."

The Pennsylvania Gazette followed suit the next day with its own brief report:

"Yesterday, the CONTINENTAL CONGRESS declared the UNITED COLONIES FREE and INDEPENDENT STATES."

After passing the resolution of independence on July 2, Congress turned its attention to the text of the declaration. Over several days of debate, Congress made a number of alterations to the text, including adding the wording of Lee's resolution of independence to the conclusion. The final text of the declaration was approved by Congress on July 4 and sent off to be printed.

John Adams wrote his wife Abigail on July 3 about the resolution of independence:

"The second day of July, 1776, will be the most memorable epoch in the history of America. I am apt to believe that it will be celebrated by succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival. It ought to be commemorated as the day of deliverance, by solemn acts of devotion to God Almighty. It ought to be solemnized with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires, and illuminations, from one end of this continent to the other, from this time forward forever more."

Adams's prediction was off by two days. From the outset, Americans celebrated Independence Day on July 4, the date when the Declaration of Independence was approved, rather than on July 2, the date when the resolution of independence was adopted.

The two latter parts of the Lee Resolution were not passed until months later. The second part regarding the formation of foreign alliances was approved in September 1776, and the third part regarding a plan of confederation was approved in November 1777 and finally ratified in 1781.

Congressional journal entries
The following are entries relating to the resolution of independence and the Declaration of Independence in the Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789, from American Memory, published by the Library of Congress:

 * Friday, June 7, "certain resolutions respecting independency" are moved and seconded; discussion set for Saturday
 * Saturday, June 8, Congress considers the resolutions but postpones a decision
 * Monday, June 10, Congress postpones the first part of Lee's resolution for three weeks, and also decides to appoint "a committee to prepare a declaration to the effect of the said first resolution".
 * Tuesday, June 11, Congress establishes three committees to pursue the three part resolution, and names five members of the first "to prepare the declaration".
 * Wednesday, June 12, Congress appointments members of the other two committees. One of 13 members to "prepare and digest the form of a confederation", and the other of five members to "prepare a plan of treaties to be proposed to foreign powers".
 * Friday, June 28, the committee reports its draft of the declaration, which is ordered "To lie on the table."
 * Monday, July 1, Congress begins "to take into consideration the resolution respecting independency"
 * Tuesday, July 2, Congress agrees to the resolution, begins to consider the declaration
 * Wednesday, July 3, further consideration of the declaration
 * Thursday, July 4, the Declaration of Independence is approved. The text of the Declaration on this day's entry of the published Journal, as well as the list of signatures, is copied from the engrossed version of the Declaration.
 * Friday, July 12, The committee appointed to prepare articles of confederation delivered their draft, which was read.
 * Monday, July 15, Congress learns that New York now supports independence
 * Thursday, July 18, The committee appointed to prepare a plan of treaties to be entered into with foreign states or kingdoms delivered their draft, which was read.
 * Friday, July 19, Congress orders that the Declaration "be fairly engrossed on parchment"
 * Friday, August 2, the Declaration of Independence is signed by members of Congress
 * Tuesday, August 27, The amended plan of treaties was referred back to the committee to develop instructions regarding the amendments made by Congress. The committee size was increased by two members.
 * Thursday, August 29, the committee for the plan of treaties was empowered to prepare further appropriate instructions, and report back to Congress.
 * Tuesday, September 17, Congress discussed the amended plan of treaties to be proposed to foreign nations, and [secretly] passed the plan of a treaty be proposed to His Most Christian Majesty.
 * Tuesday, September 24, Congress resumed consideration of the instructions to the agent [commissioner] regarding the pursuit of the plan of treaty with France, debated it by paragraph, amended it, and approved it.
 * Thursday, September 26, 1776 Congress elects three commissioners to the court of France, Benjamin Franklin, Silas Deane, and Thomas Jefferson. They also resolve "That secresy shall be observed until the farther Order of Congress; and that until permission be obtained from Congress to disclose the particulars of this business, no member be permitted to say any thing more upon this subject, than that Congress have taken such steps as they judged necessary for the purpose of obtaining foreign Alliance."
 * Saturday, November 15, 1777, Congress approves the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union for ratification by the individual States.

title: Lee Resolution


text:
Comox—Alberni

Comox—Alberni was a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1979, and again from 1988 to 1993.

History
This riding was created in 1914 from parts of Comox—Atlin riding.

It was abolished in 1976 when it was redistributed into Comox—Powell River and Nanaimo—Alberni ridings.

It was recreated in 1987 from parts of those two ridings. The new riding consisted of:

 * the Town of Comox;
 * the City of Courtenay;
 * Electoral Areas A, B and C of Comox-Strathcona Regional District;
 * the Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District;
 * Electoral Areas E, F, G and H of Nanaimo Regional District;
 * that part of Electoral Area C of Nanaimo Regional District lying west of the east boundary of Dunsmuir Land District;
 * Electoral Area E of Powell River Regional District;
 * the Village of Cumberland; and
 * the Towns of Parksville and Qualicum Beach.

The electoral district was abolished in 1996 when it was merged into Nanaimo—Alberni riding.

title: Comox—Alberni


text:
Kootenay East

Kootenay East (also known as Kootenay East—Revelstoke) was a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1968 and from 1979 to 1997.

This riding was created as "Kootenay East" in 1914 from parts of Kootenay riding.

It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Kootenay West and Okanagan—Kootenay ridings.

It initially consisted of the provincial electoral districts of Cranbrook, Fernie and Columbia.

Its boundaries were adjusted in 1924, 1933, and 1947.

It was recreated in 1976 as "Kootenay East" from parts of Kootenay West and Okanagan—Kootenay ridings, and consisted of:
 * the East Kootenay Regional District;
 * the southeast part of the Central Kootenay Regional District; and
 * the eastern part of the Columbia-Shuswap Regional District lying east of Electoral Areas C and E.

The name of the electoral district was changed in 1977 to "Kootenay East—Revelstoke".

The electoral district was abolished in 1987 when it was redistributed into a new Kootenay East riding and Kootenay West—Revelstoke.

The new Kootenay East riding consisted of:
 * the East Kootenay Regional District;
 * Electoral Areas A, B and C of the Central Kootenay Regional District;
 * the Town of Creston;
 * Electoral Area A of the Columbia-Shuswap Regional District; and
 * the town of Golden.

The electoral district was abolished in 1996 when it was redistributed into Kootenay—Columbia.

title: Kootenay East


text:
Alcanena

Alcanena is a Portuguese town and municipality of Ribatejo in Santarém District. The population in 2011 was 13,868, in an area of 127.33 km².

The current Mayor is Rui Anastácio (Partido Social Democrata) and the president of the Municipal Assembly is Silvestre Pereira (Socialist Party). The municipal holiday is Ascension Day.

Parishes
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 7 civil parishes (freguesias):
 * Alcanena e Vila Moreira
 * Bugalhos
 * Malhou, Louriceira e Espinheiro
 * Minde
 * Moitas Venda
 * Monsanto
 * Serra de Santo António

Notable people

 * Alfredo Roque Gameiro (1864 in Minde - 1935) a painter, specialized in watercolors
 * Maria da Conceição Moita (1937–2021) an educator and political activist
 * Carlos Calado (born 1975) a Portuguese long jumper.

title: Alcanena


text:
Kootenay West

Kootenay West was a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1988.

This riding was created in 1914 from parts of Kootenay riding.

It was abolished in 1987 when it was merged into Kootenay West—Revelstoke riding.

title: Kootenay West


text: Talk:Elections in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines