text:
Insane Clown Poppy

"Insane Clown Poppy" is the third episode of the twelfth season of the American television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 12, 2000. In the episode, during an outdoor book fair, Krusty finds out he has a daughter (from a one-night stand with a soldier during the Gulf War), but loses her trust after gambling away her violin to Fat Tony, prompting Homer and Krusty to retrieve it.

The episode was written by John Frink and Don Payne as their second produced episode and their first written episode. Although originally produced for season 11 the episode was held over for season 12. The episode features guest stars Jay Mohr as Christopher Walken, Stephen King as himself, Amy Tan as herself, John Updike as himself and Joe Mantegna as recurring character Fat Tony.

Drew Barrymore also guest-starred as Sophie, Krusty the Clown's daughter in the episode. The episode features references to Bob Hope's famous USO shows. The episode has also received negative reviews from critics.

Plot
Homer and Bart use fireworks to accomplish things Marge has told them to do: fix a stuck drawer, demolishing Santa's Little Helper's doghouse (while promising him another one would be built by January 2007), and attempting to fix Lisa's VCR, but end up destroying her room with fireworks instead. To make it up to her, the family spends a day at the Springfield Festival of Books for her birthday. There, they encounter famous authors such as Stephen King, Tom Wolfe, John Updike, and Amy Tan. While waiting in line for an autograph from Krusty, Bart strikes up a conversation with a girl named Sophie. When she gets to the front of the line, she reveals to Krusty that she is his daughter.

Sophie tells Krusty that he met her mother when she served as a soldier in the Gulf War, spending the night with her after a USO show; however, she dumped (and almost killed) Krusty the next day after he ruined her attempted assassination of Saddam Hussein to protect his comedy routine based on him and has hated Krusty and clowns ever since. Krusty proves a distant and unemotional father, and on a trip to the beach, he sees Homer playing with the kids and asks him for advice on how to be a good parent. Krusty and his daughter begin to bond, and Sophie shows Krusty her prized violin and plays a song for him. That night, Krusty plays in a poker game with Fat Tony, where he is dealt four aces with a king kicker, but is forced to bet Sophie's violin after running out of money and betting his Rolex watch, and loses the hand to Fat Tony, who had a straight flush (2-3-4-5-6 of diamonds).

Sophie loses her trust in Krusty upon hearing the news, and Krusty turns to Homer for help; the two attempt to break into Fat Tony's mansion while a mafia summit is being held. They find a room filled with violin cases, but most of them are filled with weapons. They attempt to sneak out with the cases, but they fall to the ground and a mob shootout erupts around them; Krusty finds the violin, and the two escape. The next day, Krusty gives the violin back to Sophie, who is delighted to find that the case has been lined with money. The episode ends with Homer still being pursued by the mafia.

Production
The episode was written by John Frink and Don Payne and features guest stars Jay Mohr as Christopher Walken, Stephen King as himself, Amy Tan as herself, John Updike as himself and Joe Mantegna as recurring character Fat Tony. Drew Barrymore also guest-starred as Krusty the Clown's daughter in the episode. The episode went into a cycle where it was written in season 11 and produced for season 12.

Originally, Homer Simpson was the one who was surprised to have a long-lost daughter, but this was changed to Krusty as a suggestion from Mike Scully. During production Julie Kavner, the voice of Marge Simpson, went to Stephen King's radio station to record lines. Ian Maxtone-Graham was the one who suggested Jay Mohr as the real Christopher Walken could not make it to the recording.

Cultural references
The episode title is a play on the Detroit, Michigan, based hip hop group, the Insane Clown Posse, and Krusty's line "do you want to get down with the clown?" is a reference to an Insane Clown Posse lyric. Krusty's performance at the USO show is a parody of Bob Hope who is famously known for his USO Shows. Originally Moe was supposed to say "Anny Deskanko" in a reference to Ani DiFranco. As in some previous episodes, there is a song featuring NRBQ. Fat Tony's real name is Marion, as was actor John Wayne.

In one scene, Krusty comes in with a problem and Homer asks Marge to play "devil's advocate". However, instead of taking up an argument, the next scene shows Homer playing a pinball game called "Devil's Advocate".

Reception
The episode has received negative reviews from critics. Colin Jacobson of DVD Movie Guide gave the episode a negative review saying "After two pretty good shows, Season 12 encounters mediocrity with “Poppy”. At no point does the program become poor, but it just lacks many real laughs. Outside of some amusing book fair cameos, this one fails to deliver much zing, and it tends to drag." Mark Naglazas of The West Australian called the episode "disappointing". He remarked that it and "A Tale of Two Springfields" (which premiered the same night in Australia) were "so surreal they would have Salvador Dalí scratching his head". However, he identified John Updike's guest appearance as an example of "sophisticated comedy". The Daily Telegraph said, "The episode gets lost in a quagmire of guest stars. The names range from the sublime to the ridiculous, or to be exact, from Pulitzer Prize-winning author John Updike to actor Drew Barrymore. The script seems designed only to fit in as many big names as possible. Oh for the days when it was the other way round and guest stars fitted in with the script." Judge Mac McEntire of DVD Verdict said the best moment in "Insane Clown Poppy" was Fat Tony and the violin.

John Updike's reflection
John Updike described the experience of appearing on The Simpsons to a crowd at the University of Cincinnati in 2001, and his reflections were recorded in the book Updike in Cincinnati. Updike exclaimed vigorously, "I can't claim to be a morbidly avid fan, but I'm basically well-disposed toward The Simpsons, and was flattered to be asked to be one of the many voices that they work into the endless saga of Springfield. . . . It was the kind of invitation to which you can't say no. I did notice that Amy Tan and Stephen King got many more lines in the episode than I did." He joked that he struggled with the chuckle he had to perform in the episode, saying, "How do you chuckle over a microphone. . . to make it worthy of The Simpsons?"

title: Insane Clown Poppy


text:
User talk:Goferwiki

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Chemtrail -> Chemtrail theory
I renamed the article "chemtrail theory". I think this is a more accurate name for the article, a name which puts the reader in the right "frame of mind", and a name that does not imply truth or untruth. A theory is a proposed, but not fully proven explanation. A theory is likely to be believed by some but disputed by others. I hope that this addresses your concerns regarding NPOV. - Pioneer-12 16:42, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Come back to HAARP
Can I convince you to come back to the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program article and help straighten it out a bit? I think the amount of useful information about HAARP will crowd out the conspiracy theory material - perhaps that deserves its own page? John Elder 09:34, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

New User Page
Hi, Goferwiki, I saw your note on the New Users Page. I hope you'll decide to stay; I know how it can be to contribute from your hard earned expertise and have someone revert it without comment. Not everyone here respects the value of a doctorate (trust me, I know, I have two), but many do. The best thing to do is to make your changes, and if they are reverted, change them back. Leave an edit summary note asking reverters to make arguments on the talk page, and post your sources there. If you're right about what you're saying, then eventually your position will win out. If you'd like to talk about your frustration, feel free to leave me a note. -- Essjay ·  Talk June 30, 2005 02:28 (UTC)

Neuroscience and God
What are your thoughts on mysticism and its relation to neuroscience? The works of Andrew Nerberg and Eugene d'Aquili stand out as truly thought provoking, and more importantly, discussion building. Just say the word 'God' without adding the addendum "whatever you may define It to be, personality or 'mere' neurological bonus" and immediately the reductionists square off with theists.

RE:Institute of National Remembrance
please, do not blank article sections or remove cited sources without first discussing on the talk page, as that constitutes vandalism.

--Jadger 16:46, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of The Seldon Plan
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Goferwiki


text:
Talk:Sophonisba

Untitled
Someone created a duplicate of this article at Sophoniba, which has now been redirected here. I wanted to leave the text of the duplicate here:

 * Sophoniba was a daughter of Hanno IV The Great and a citizen of Carthage during the Second Punic War and Third Punic War. She is remembered for her patriotism, a love affair with Massinisa (lord of various tribes around Carthage and a protegee of Rome) and for her courage during her her tragic death. She was romanticized as an ideal woman for her courage and patriotism among other virtues by many writers and painters, especially during the Rennaisance, notably by Petrarch in his poem "Africa". The story is that Massinisa, when given a command by Scipio Africanus the Great (a Roman general during Second Punic War), to give up Sophoniba (because of her negative influence on him), visited her and offered her either to face Roman slavery or poison herself. She chose poison and thus avoided a subjugation to Rome.

Binabik80 15:03, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Jemmy Thomson speculation defense?
Thomson's "Britons never shall be slaves" could have come from his Sophonisba, but it's not likely. Rather, his Sophonisba is much more likely to have come from his objection to the "enslavement" of the British people. As a lightly Tory author, he was one of a whole host of anti-Walpolean authors who frequently made oblique references to the losses of liberties under the whig ministry by talking of "slavery." By 1730, there was a significant anti-Walpole contingent under Pulteney, and they were very loudly using patriotism and "ancient English liberties" to comment on the present. Similar things were done by Henry Carey and others.

If no one wants to defend that speculation, I'll remove it in a week or so. Geogre 11:10, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

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Íslandsflug

Íslandsflug was an airline and aircraft leasing company based at Keflavík International Airport, Reykjavík.

History
The airline was established in 1991 by the merger of two small domestic scheduled airlines, Arnarflug innanlands hf. and Flugtak. In 1994, the airline began overnight parcel services to East Midlands Airport using a Fairchild Metro aircraft. The airline took delivery of its first ATR-42 in 1996. In 1997, the airline became a jet operator with the delivery of its first Boeing 737-200QC which was used for passenger and freight services.

Islandsflug's first widebody aircraft, an Airbus A310, was delivered in 2001, making the airline the first Airbus operator in Iceland.

In 2005 it merged into Air Atlanta Icelandic. Landsflug took over the domestic operations of Islandsflug.

Fleet
Íslandsflug operated the following aircraft:

 * 9 Boeing 737-300
 * 6 Boeing 737-400
 * 6 Airbus A300
 * 4 Dornier 228
 * 3 Airbus A310
 * 3 ATR 42
 * 3 Beech 99
 * 2 Boeing 737-200
 * 1 Dornier 328
 * 1 Swearingen Merlin

Accidents and incidents

 * On 23 June 2004 a Dornier 228 registered TF-ELH belly landed at Sigluförður Airport, due to pilot error. The only people aboard were the 2 pilots, who escaped unharmed.

title: Íslandsflug


text:
Talk:British Museum tube station

Photo
It would be nice to have a photo of the station itself. TheGrappler 16:33, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't think there is a British Museum tube station. The closest ones would be Russell Square or Holborn. Tempra mental (talk) 11:43, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't think there's anything that resembles the station from above ground. There are a few pictures of where the station was located in the article though.  Alex Muller  10:48, 22 June 2008 (UTC)

Wholly disused
"it is now wholly disused. ... reportedly used by engineers to store sleepers"

Being pedantic, if we are treating those reports as credible, the station may not be wholly disused. --rbrwr± 15:03, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Royal Scots Guards
The station was also the main HQ for the Royal Scots Guard throughout the 1980's up until some point during the 1990's. (London Walks)

Intense Rivalry
I've removed intense rivalry as the reason for there being no interchange - this is unlikely to have been the case. The CLR built interchanges with the Baker Street & Waterloo Railway at Oxford Circus and the Charing Cross, Euston & Hampstead Railway at Tottenham Court Road - both of which lines had the same owners as the GNP&BR - the Underground Electric Railways Company of London a company with which the CLR was cooperating for the production of joint promotional material less than a year later.--DavidCane (talk) 00:54, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

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British Museum Station Endeavour edit
Hello,

I made an addition to the British Museum Station page in the In Popular Culture section saying that in an episode of Endeavour, Morse meets another character there. It seems you have removed that edit. May I ask why? I was going to come back to add some proper links etc. I don't want to make poorly formatted edits and I'm happy to be guided.

Best regards,

Rob — Preceding unsigned comment added by Worthr (talk • contribs) 15:08, 6 March 2018 (UTC)

 * If you were going to make your edits with the correct links etc. you should have done them then and there when you made the initial edit, as a result because you failed to cite a source, your edit was removed. Unless you can cite a source there and then for any content you add (i.e. have the source available), then don't attempt to post the material as it will simply be removed as unsourced, whether you 'intend' to go back and fix it later or not. Chieftain Tartarus (talk) 15:34, 6 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Also sorry if that came off as a bit rough, I can't think of a better way to word it. Chieftain Tartarus (talk) 15:37, 6 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Besides which, it is trivia. Was it significant to the plot of the episode that British Museum station was used? If that is the case, who has said so? A source will be needed for a claim like this, per the policy on verifiability. Good places for such opinions are newspaper reviews of TV programmes; merely naming the episode (even with a link to the ITV Player page) is not enough. However, if the story would have worked equally well with a different station - for example, Holborn - then the mention of Endeavour in the article British Museum station is utterly insignificant, one might say fancruft. -- Red rose64 🌹 (talk) 15:59, 6 March 2018 (UTC)
 * It's far from trivia (and why are we here, not on the article talk page?). Ask yourself, why did they choose Museum as the station, not 'Aldwych' or 'Bull and Bush'? And more seriously, why not 'Mark Lane' (which really no one has heard of, but might have fitted the plot even better)?  It is of course that Museum has backstory, as both the spook's nearest underground station, in the early '30s, and then during the war as their own little bunker.  I thought it was a typically ingenious choice, and well deserving of being included both here and on the Endeavour article.
 * But then, if you ask on this page, the answer to everything is that it's " utterly insignificant fancruft". Andy Dingley (talk) 18:56, 6 March 2018 (UTC)
 * . There is no indication of source, no indication of plot significance. As far as encyclopedic content goes, it's on a level with noting the number of the locomotive hauling the victim's train in a dramatisation of 4.50 from Paddington. It needs context, most importantly, why British Museum and not another station. -- Red rose64 🌹 (talk) 19:37, 6 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I saw the edit. I saw you revert it. It wasn't a good edit originally, because it was unlinked, unsourced and unexplained. But you seem to see it as all that it could ever be. And sadly, I knew that would be how you'd react. Andy Dingley (talk) 19:49, 6 March 2018 (UTC)
 * If you're complaining about poorly sourced cruft in that article, The station is reputed to be haunted by the ghost of the daughter of an Egyptian Pharaoh called Amen-ra which would appear and scream so loudly that the noise would carry down the tunnels to adjoining stations would seem a more obvious target. At least the station's appearance in Endeavour is sourceable; the sole source for the ghost is this blog. (The existence of a secret tunnel between the station and the BM's collection of mummies is particularly impressive, given that they're upstairs. Needless to say, there was never a pharaoh Amen-ra, who was a deity not a person.) ‑ Iridescent 19:51, 6 March 2018 (UTC)
 * That is not germane, per WP:OTHERCONTENT (and I'm not campaigning for its retention, either). What I am against is the not-insignificant number of people who want to add unsourced content like "This station was featured in an episode of Foo on (insert date here)". By "featured" they might simply mean that it was in the background of a filming location. You can substitute "locomotive" for "station" and we get lots of that too; WP:NOTINDISCRIMINATE applies. -- Red rose64 🌹 (talk) 20:36, 6 March 2018 (UTC)
 * So I take it you don't watch Endeavour then? And yet you've already decided that the station's use (not merely as a filming location), and the choice of this particular station, is not germane. Andy Dingley (talk) 22:03, 6 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Whether I watch Endeavour or not is irrelevant: we should be writing for those people who don't watch it. My remark "that is not germane" was in response to 's comment "if you're complaining about poorly sourced cruft in that article". -- Red rose64 🌹 (talk) 23:03, 6 March 2018 (UTC)
 * It didn't seem to be British Museum to me, as the surface buildings there were demolished in 1989. Just having some "Museum" nameplates set up doesn't make it anywhere, necessarily. When I watched it my guess was Aldwych, which still has the lifts that were shown. Britmax (talk) 16:19, 15 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Of course, that was where it was filmed. The in plot location was probably meant to be vaguely near the Science and Victoria and Albert Museums, judging by the short time it took them to reach the Albert Hall. Britmax (talk) 11:53, 16 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Do they ever mention (in character) that they're at the Albert Hall? Clearly it is (and I had a raised eyebrow myself at yet another telly-teleport like that). But do we see it in an "identifiable" manner of the whole building (to indicate that that's where they are), rather than it just being used as a convenient piece of close-up Victoriana and presumably meant to stand in for the British Museum?  Much as the inevitable Aldwych is always standing in for anywhere from Docklands to Mornington Crescent. Andy Dingley (talk) 12:39, 16 March 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:British Museum tube station


text:
Category:Pteridologists

 * Pteridologists — active in the study of ferns.

title: Category:Pteridologists


text:
Talk:Phosphorus tribromide

I'm wondering if there is enough material to write a separate Phosphorus pentabromide article, or if it can be lumped in with this one and called Phosphorus bromides. I suppose there will be no separate article on Phosphorus oxybromide - that it will be lumped in together with this one or a new Phosphorus pentabromide article. H Padleckas 15:06, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I'd like to keep this page specific to PBr3, but I agree that PBr5 and POBr3 aren't important enough to warrant pages of their own. Maybe we should have a separate page called Phosphorus bromides?  It could summarise info on this page too.  OR should we have a more general page altogether on phosphorus halides and another on phosphorus oxyhalides?

 * By the way, I have finished for the time being, though I was rather rushing to get it finished so there are some more things I might add in the future if I had time. I'd be interested to know what complexes there are containing metals with PBr3 as a ligand, and also how PBr3 may be reacted with things like Grignards to make R-PBr2 or similar, are such things done/useful?  Exactly how is PBr3 used commercially, i.e. the specific reactions?  I've seen it used in my old company, but I'm not breaking any secrecy agreements there!  Walkerma 17:51, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I don't know of any specific use for PBr3 except as a brominating agent and (rarely) as a non-aqueous solvant. Metal complexes almost certainly exist: I would look to trans-[MCl(CO)(PBr3)2] (M = Rh, Ir) for examples, then do a WoS search to find others. They will have been prepared during the research on QSAR in phosphine complexes: however, I'm sure that they're not simple to isolate, and there is a risk of thermodynamic instability towards oxidative addition of the P–Br bond. Until I'm proven wrong, I would say that they are of academic interest only. As for the reaction with Grignards, it is pratically impossible to stop the reaction before the PR3 stage, even when working with PCl3. To obtain RPX2 or R2PX, you have to use other (longer) routes, at least to my knowledge, e.g.: PPh3 + Cl2 → PPh3Cl2 → PhPCl2 + C6H5Cl PhPCl2 + PPh3 → 2Ph2PCl Alkylchlorophosphines are even more complicated... Physchim62 14:13, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

Compare pics

Yes! The PNG file definitely looks sharper! You even straightened out my lone pair! (I hadn't noticed till then) Did you use Photoshop, or IrfanView? I didn't use PNG only because the file size was much bigger, and I notice that the new file is twice the size- if the sizes are the same is the quality the same? When I scan my structures in, if I save it as PNG the file comes out 4x the size. If I shrink it to the same size, then the quality (as far as I can tell) gets worse than the JPG of the same size. I will have to look into getting something that will convert over without scanning, I think. Cheers, Walkerma 21:44, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I used neither Photoshop nor IrfanView. I have neither one. I just used the Microsoft Windows XP version of Paint which has actually become a fairly decent program compared to earlier versions of Paint in previous Microsoft Windows software.  For this PBr3, I took your Image:Phosphorus tribromide.jpg file, copied it into a *.bmp file (from the big picture directly from the image page, not the smaller one in the Phosphorus tribromide article) using my AOL 9.0 software.  Then I "cleaned up" your pic using the "Paint" software and saved it into a *.PNG file.  The full sized pic is in Image:Phosphorus tribromide.PNG and the pics aboved are thumbs of these reduced to 150 px on this Talk page.  I now show the file sizes in the captions.  The *.PNG file is 75% bigger than the *.jpg file.  I am still trying to further clean up the picture so I can further sharpen it a bit and reduce the file size.  In the meantime, I will soon insert my new  Image:Phosphorus pentachloride.PNG pic into Phosphorus chlorides.  H Padleckas 13:06, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Another new cleaned-up version of the PBr3 pic was downloaded. The full size version of the pic is a little sharper, but comparisons of the 150 px size pics don't show it.  The electrons were rounded and one of the P-Br bonds was moved slightly.  The file size was reduced by more than 5000 bytes (5 kB) from the previous *.PNG image file.  H Padleckas 17:52, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thanks again, the new pictures look great. I have been on the phone about getting better drawing software, either ChemDraw or IsisDraw, so I can make PNG files directly. I probably need an upgrade anyway- till then I'll have to muddle through. BTW, PCl3 has a 100° bond angle, PF3 is 96.3, PI3 is 102. Walkerma 19:20, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Regarding phosphorus pentabromide, I found that someone had typed some nonsense in and started an article, so I wrote a basic table + stub. Walkerma 17:24, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

Merge
The article PBR3 has been merged into this one. It's edit history at the date of merging is as follows: For copyright reasons, please do not delete this information. Physchim62 21:14, 22 May 2005 (UTC)
 * 02:50, 27 Apr 2005 User:SteveW m (wikified, stubbed)
 * 06:54, 22 Jan 2005 User:172.196.172.76 (added extra info)
 * 04:10, 19 Jan 2005 User:68.52.37.189 (Creating Page)

GA Delisted
This article has been removed from the GA list due to excessive amounts of jargon as well as a lack of citations. this article can also benefit from the addition of a section about the history of the chemical. If you feel that this review was in error feel free to take it to WP:GA/R. Tarret 20:58, 4 August 2007 (UTC)

PBr3 reacts violently with oxygen
The article describes, "it gives an explosive reaction that forms P2O5 and Br2". I have read that PBr3 is sometimes used as a flame retardant, what contradicts with this statement in the article. Indeed PBr3 would produce bromine radicals during this reaction, which can inhibit combustion - but this would be ineffective if the reaction which gives the bromine radicals is strongly exothermic, which means it increases temperature and combustion processes again.

So which statement is true now? Is PBr3 a flammable or a flame retardant? --79.243.253.194 (talk) 18:02, 26 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks for catching that glitch. It cant be that bad because students and technicians have been using this reagent for decades.  The prep of PBr3 does not refer to explosive tendencies.  --Smokefoot (talk) 18:34, 26 October 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Phosphorus tribromide


text: Template:Early Christian writings

title: Template:Early Christian writings


text:
Talk:Supreme Court of Mississippi

Areas for expansion

 * How are justices appointed/retained? Has this changed over time?
 * Particular powers of appellate review?
 * Historic decisions of the court? Role in civil rights conflicts?

Date
That's 1817, right, not 1917? Alai 21:51, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Current Justices' biographies
I agree with the Split Notice on this section so I'll be working on splitting out the individual biographies into their own pages. Rosiestep (talk) 19:57, 6 February 2009 (UTC)

Justice bio
The bio of Justice Dickinson has been deleted when split because it turns out it was a direct copy of the supreme court's website. It is unclear whether Mississippi allows this reuse, and this should be clarified before it is put back in the article or spun out.

You might also want to make sure that Justice Randolph's bio is not a direct copy also. — Coren (talk) 05:12, 7 February 2009 (UTC)

Drafts for missing Mississippi Supreme Court justices
Drafts have been created for the following missing Mississippi Supreme Court justices under WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/United States judges and justices. Any help in getting these completed and promoted to mainspace would be be appreciated:

• #Draft:Eli Huston - Eli Huston

• #Draft:Harry G. Walker (judge) - Harry G. Walker (judge)

• #Draft:Henry Lee Rodgers - Henry Lee Rodgers

• #Draft:Isaac R. Nicholson - Isaac R. Nicholson

• #Draft:James Garrott Holmes - James Garrott Holmes

• #Draft:Joseph S. B. Thatcher - Joseph S. B. Thatcher

• #Draft:Joseph Stephen Zuccaro Jr. - Joseph Stephen Zuccaro Jr.

• #Draft:Lee Davis Hall - Lee Davis Hall

• #Draft:Lemuel Augustus Smith Jr. - Lemuel Augustus Smith Jr.

• #Draft:Lemuel Augustus Smith - Lemuel Augustus Smith

• #Draft:Robert Lee Jones - Robert Lee Jones

• #Draft:Robert Perkins Sugg - Robert Perkins Sugg

• #Draft:Taylor H. McElroy - Taylor H. McElroy

• #Draft:Vernon H. Broom - Vernon H. Broom

• #Draft:William B. Griffith - William B. Griffith

Why no advisory opinions

 * - Matters of jurisdiction and genuine controversy? -Indy beetle (talk) 07:50, 13 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Gipson v. State, 1948

title: Talk:Supreme Court of Mississippi


text:
Lubbock (disambiguation)

Lubbock is a city in Texas.

Lubbock may also refer to:

 * Lubbock (surname), includes a list of persons with the name
 * Lubbock County, Texas
 * Lubbock High School
 * Lubbock metropolitan area
 * Lubbock Cotton Kings, a minor-league ice hockey team
 * Lubbock Renegades, an arena football team
 * Lubbock (crater), a small lunar crater
 * Lubbock (On Everything), a 1979 country music album by Terry Allen
 * Lubbock, a character from Akame ga Kill!

title: Lubbock (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Basetsana Kumalo

Untitled
She was not the first black Miss South Africa - Jacqui Mofokeng took the reign the year before — Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.78.169.226 (talk • contribs) 15:09, 20 April 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Basetsana Kumalo


text:
Frahang-i Pahlavig

Frahang-ī Pahlavīg (Middle Persian: 𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭭𐭢 𐭯𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭩𐭪 "Pahlavi dictionary") is the title of an anonymous dictionary of mostly Aramaic logograms with Middle Persian translations (in Pahlavi script) and transliterations (in Pazend script). Its date is unknown.

The glossary was previously known to Indian Zoroastrians, called the Parsis, as the mna-xvatay (traditionally pronounced mona khoda), a name derived from the first two words (the lemma) of the first entry.

Relevant scripts' characteristics
The Pazend script has the following characteristics, as contrasted with the Pahlavi script:

 * Pazend is a variant of the Avestan alphabet (Din dabireh), a phonetic alphabet. In contrast, Pahlavi is only an abjad.
 * Pazend does not have ideograms. In contrast, ideograms are an identifying feature of the Pahlavi system, and are words borrowed from Semitic languages such as Aramaic that continue to be spelled as in Aramaic transliterated into the Pahlavi script, yet are pronounced as the corresponding word in Persian.

Manuscripts and interpretations
The oldest surviving example of a Frahang-like text is a one-page fragment discovered at Turpan that is believed to date to the 9th or 10th century CE. Several more complete manuscripts exist in Bombay, Oxford, Paris, and Copenhagen, but the oldest of these dates to the 15th century and is missing a second folio and all of folio 28 onwards. In the earliest edition made available to European scholarship, the Frahang is arranged serially; that is, according to the shape of the Aramaic characters. That edition, obtained by Abraham Anquetil-Duperron in the mid-18th century, is today in the Bibliothèque nationale, Paris. In 1867, Hoshangji Jamaspji Asa and Martin Haug published a transcript of a manuscript that was arranged thematically by chapter.

The existence of similar glossaries from Akkadian times (explaining Sumerian logograms) led an Assyriologist, Erich Ebeling, to explain that many of the words in the Frahang were derived from Sumerian or Akkadian. This led to a number of "far-fetched interpretations," which were then subsequently incorporated into a number of later interpretations, including those of Iranists, so effectively making even these unreliable.

Structure and content
The glossary encompasses approximately five hundred (not counting variations) Semitic language heterograms (huzvarishn, "probably mean[ing] 'obsoleteness, antiquity, or archaism'" ), "in the form used by Zoroastrians in writing Middle Persian (Book Pahlavi), each explained by a "phonetic" writing of the corresponding Persian word." Besides heterograms of Aramaic origin, the Frahang also has a handful of pseudo-heterograms from "Arabic words coined by later scribes" and "scattered examples of historical spellings of Iranian words, no longer recognized as such." Altogether about 1300 words (including word forms) are represented, "but its original extent appears to have been only 1000 words, excluding the appendices." Several heterograms are not attested in any other text.

While the one-page Turpan fragment lists various forms for verbs followed by one Middle Persian translation (in the infinitive), other manuscripts list at most three verb forms, but then provide Middle Persian equivalents of each. The primary elements (logogram(s) and translation) "are then transcribed interlinearly, and more or less corruptly, into Avestan letters, i.e., into Pāzand, whereby the heterograms appear in their traditional mnemonic pronunciation. Because of the ambiguity of the Pahlavi script this is often far removed from the original Aramaic spellings." In the manuscript examined by Asa and Haug, the huzvarishn and translations are in black, and the Pazend transliterations are in red (the first chapter is an exception, and is entirely in black).

Substituting Latin characters (and written left-to-right) for Pahlavi and Pazend ones (which are written right-to-left), Frahang glosses look like this: Thus, "king" would be written but understood in Iran to be the sign for 'shāh'.

In the Asa and Haug manuscript, the Frahang is organized thematically, divided into (approximately) thirty chapters. Eighteen of these chapters have titles (listed below in italics), the others do not. West ends his description at chapter 23 as "no further chapters are indicated." The last section/chapter is a collection of older Iranian language words (and variant spellings), with more modern words explaining the older terms.

title: Frahang-i Pahlavig


text:
Mary of Clopas

According to the Gospel of John, Mary of Clopas (Μαρία ἡ τοῦ Κλωπᾶ, María hē tou Clōpá) was one of the women present at the crucifixion of Jesus and bringing supplies for his funeral. The expression Mary of Clopas in the Greek text is ambiguous as to whether Mary was the daughter or wife of Clopas, but exegesis has commonly favoured the reading "wife of Clopas". Hegesippus identified Clopas as a brother of Joseph. In the latest official edition of the Roman Martyrology of the Catholic Church she is commemorated with Salome on April 24th.

Along with Mary Magdalene and "Mary" Salome, Mary of Clopas is known as one of the Three Marys at the tomb of Jesus. Her relics are said to be in France at the Church of the Saintes Maries de la Mer.

Appearances in the gospels
Mary of Clopas is explicitly mentioned only in John 19:25, where she is among the women present at the crucifixion of Jesus: "Now there stood by the cross of Jesus His mother and His mother’s sister, Mary of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene."

The Gospels of Mark and Matthew each include similar passages that are nearly identical to one another: "Among which was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joseph, and the mother of Zebedee's children."

"There were also women looking on afar off: among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the less and of Joses, and Salome."

This has led scholars to identify Mary of Clopas with "Mary the mother of James and Joseph/Joses". The Gospels of Matthew and Mark mention James and Joseph/Joses (with Mark always using the less common variation "Joses") among the four brothers of Jesus.

According to some interpretations, the same Mary was also among the women that on resurrection morning went to the tomb to anoint the body of Jesus with spices. Matthew calls her "the other Mary" to distinguish her from Mary Magdalene, while Mark uses the name "Mary, the mother of James" (Maria Iacobi in Latin).

Apocryphal writings
In a manner very similar to the Gospel of John, the apocryphal Gospel of Philip (3rd century) also seems to list Mary of Clopas among Jesus' female entourage: "There were three who always walked with the Lord: Mary, his mother, and her sister, and Magdalene, the one who was called his companion. His sister and his mother and his companion were each a Mary."

Adding to the confusion, the Gospel of Philip seems to refer to her as Jesus' mother's sister ("her sister") and Jesus' own sister ("his sister").

The Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew (7th century) presents Mary of Cleophas as the daughter of Cleophas and Anna: "Jesus met them, with Mary His mother, along with her sister Mary of Cleophas, whom the Lord God had given to her father Cleophas and her mother Anna, because they had offered Mary the mother of Jesus to the Lord. And she was called by the same name, Mary, for the consolation of her parents."

Identity of Clopas
The expression Mary of Clopas in the Greek text is ambiguous as to whether Mary was the daughter or wife of Clopas, but exegesis has commonly favoured the reading "wife of Clopas". Clopas appears in early Christian writings as a brother of Joseph, and as the father of Simeon, the second bishop of Jerusalem. Eusebius of Caesarea, referencing the works of Hegesippus, relates in his Church History (Book III, ch. 11), that after the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD, the Christians of Jerusalem: "all with one consent pronounced Symeon, the son of Clopas, of whom the Gospel also makes mention; to be worthy of the episcopal throne of that parish. He was a cousin, as they say, of the Saviour. For Hegesippus records that Clopas was a brother of Joseph." This identification would make Joseph a brother-in-law of Mary of Clopas.

Clopas was sometimes further identified with Cleopas and Alphaeus, father of James, one of the Twelve Apostles. In 1982, Stephen S. Smalley, Dean Emeritus of Chester Cathedral, deemed this identification "probable" In medieval tradition, Clopas was identified as the second husband of Anne and as the father of Mary of Clopas, allowing Mary to be identified as the half-sister of Mary, the mother of Jesus.

Mary of Clopas and the brothers of Jesus
Jerome (347-420), writing Against Helvidius in defense of perpetual virginity of the mother of Jesus, argued that the brothers of Jesus (James, Simon, Jude (also identified in tradition with Judas Thaddeus), and Joses or Joseph) were children of Mary of Clopas, the sister of the mother of Jesus, making them first cousins of Jesus and not direct siblings. Jerome also identified James, the brother of Jesus, with the Apostle James, son of Alphaeus (James the less) and thus supposed that Mary of Clopas was married to Alphaeus (Clopas).

This view finds support in a fragment found in a medieval manuscript, which lists four Maries mentioned in the gospels and bears the inscription "Papia" on the margin. According to Papias, "Mary the wife of Cleophas or Alphaeus, was the mother of James, Simon and Thaddeus, and of one Joseph." The attribution of this fragment to Papias of Hierapolis (ca. 70-163 AD) however has been disputed in favour of a medieval author (possibly Papias the lexicographer, fl. 1040s–1060s) by Anglican bishops and theologians J.B. Lightfoot (1828-1889). and Brooke Foss Westcott (1825–1901). For example Lightfoot argued that it seems quite impossible for Jerome not to quote Papias who would have fully supported his view, despite having access to his writings, and the quote seems to be derived from Jerome's writings, some parts being almost word for word with what Jerome said in adv. Helvid.

James Tabor deduced that "Mary the mother of James and Joses" is none other than Mary, the mother of Jesus herself. This interpretation would necessitate that Mary the mother of Jesus married a man named Clopas, after her marriage to Joseph (perhaps after his death). Tabor proposes that a brother of Joseph would have been obliged to wed his widowed wife in a Levirate marriage, despite this only being permissible if the first marriage had been childless.

title: Mary of Clopas


text:
File:Yello - One Second CD cover.jpg

Summary
Yello - One Second. Original UK CD cover

Licensing
Original UK release album cover - album covers are fair use. Picture scanned by me Ian Dunster from original UK CD album.

title: File:Yello - One Second CD cover.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Raymond Mustard

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy delete --Carnildo 23:05, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Raymond Mustard
A "closet heterosexual"(!) Not notable. Thue | talk 15:13, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy deleted as non-notable vanity. --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 15:19, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Whifflet Line

The Whifflet Line is one of the lines within the Strathclyde suburban rail network in Scotland.

History
The line was built between 1863 and 1865 as the Rutherglen and Coatbridge Railway, part of the Caledonian Railway. It opened to goods traffic (mainly coal and iron) in September 1865 and to passengers in August 1866. It has been in continuous operation ever since. Stations in the first service on the line were at Carmyle, Broomhouse (now Mount Vernon), Baillieston, Langloan and Whifflet High Level (until 1964). Passenger services ceased in November 1966 following the Beeching Axe (latterly running to Coatbridge Central). Between 1972 and 1974 scheduled passenger trains between Glasgow Central and Perth used the route. For the following twenty years, the route was only used for freight and diverted passenger services. However the line was reopened by British Rail to scheduled passenger services with intermediate stations on 4 October 1993, running to the newly built station at Whifflet rather than Coatbridge Central as previously.

Line description
The modern line currently serves seven stations. It connects parts of south east Glasgow, Bargeddie and Coatbridge to Glasgow city centre. Between Glasgow Central and Rutherglen, the line shares the same track as the West Coast Main Line (and is hence electrified) before branching off in a north easterly direction towards Coatbridge (this section is now electrified).

Services
The route is operated by ScotRail.

1993 to 2002
Following re-opening as a passenger line, service was provided by a mix of 1980s Class 156 and 1950s Class 101 DMUs. During their final years, the last of BR ScotRail's power-twin Class 101 2-car DMUs, reduced from 3-car by having the centre trailer removed, operated the Whifflet and Paisley Canal lines almost exclusively, based at Corkerhill Depot. In 2002 the remaining 101s were sent South to Manchester and more modern units took over the services.

2009 service pattern
Trains operated at a half-hour frequency. All services were scheduled to run as two car trains only, although four carriage services were technically possible. Services were operated using Class 158 DMUs and the occasional Class 156 DMU. Three trains operated on this route during the day, usually remaining dedicated on this service throughout the day.

From December 2014
In late 2014, the Whifflet Line electrification was commissioned and from 14 December 2014 the service was incorporated into the Argyle Line, operated by EMUs. At the same time an all year round Sunday service commenced. Current Sunday Service is hourly from Balloch to Motherwell via Whifflet

Line Developments
In 2006, Network Rail announced tentative proposals to electrify the Rutherglen - Whifflet section, as part of a £1.4bn upgrade to Scotland's railways. The main benefits of this scheme were to provide an enhanced frequency for the Whifflet to central Glasgow routes and to provide an electric diversionary path for long distance WCML services. The new timetable came into operation on 14 December 2014, the Whifflet Line has been added to the Argyle Line system with services through Glasgow Central Low Level to the western suburbs.

title: Whifflet Line


text:
Talk:Philosophy of testimony

Excessive Reliance on Coady
I think the initial definition is much improved, but this short entry suffers from relying too heavily on Coady's take on testimony. Since (and in part thanks to) Coady's book, a great deal of literature on testimony has appeared. Oxford has a forthcoming anthology on the subject, edited by Lackey. At some point, the entry should reflect the current state of the literature. --Ignat 15:14, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

Initial definition
Testimony is not taken to be "evidence presented through the words or utterances of others" any more then perception is taken to be "evidence presented through ones experience of the world". The testimony is the words or utterances themselves rather then the evidence presented though those words, just as perception is the experience itself rather then the evidence presented though the experience/words. This is important, for example, Testimony can misinform, you can be told an untruth (accedentaly or purpously), in which case the testimony fails to be evidence for what it professes it remains testimony all the same. --JK the unwise 15:15, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The problem with the above is that it is too broad. On that definition, any meaningful utterance, including commands, questions, etc. would count as testimony. "Evidence" does not mean "good evidence". Perhaps that will help make clear that the notion of evidence is needed in describing testimony and remove the concern that by including the notion of evidence one is somehow not allowing for the possibility of testimony misinforming, etc. That testimony can misinform was emphasized by Hume, for example. yea yea yea Ignat 16:32, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Hmmm... Good point. I still disagree a bit though.
 * The definition as it stands claims that testimony refers to the evidence derived from words/utterances. This is incorrect as the testimony is the words/utterances, it is not some other thing that is dervived from the words/utterances. This could be fixed by saying that testimony is "the words or utterances of others that are evidence".
 * Having discused it with other people I think you may be right that evidence is not factive (it doesn't implie truth of what it is evidence for). However I think it is still a controvercial issule whether a lie is evidence for the proposition it expresses, one might say it is evidence to some one who takes me to be honest but not evidence to some one who knows I am a lier. If evidence is non-factive then it seems that it must be understood as evidence for x or for y.
 * At any rate there is still a problem because words/utterances can be evidence for something without being testiomonyly so, for example my asking "Were's the bloody chicken!" can be evidence that i am upset/mad but this is not the kind of evidence that we are looking for. Prehaps this can be sovled by making testiomony equal "words/utterances that are evidence for the propositions they express".
 * At any rate we must ask who the utterances must be evidence for (the speeker/the audiance/a perfectly informed audiance/etc.) .... Any way these are all live issules in the philosphy of testiomy and we shouldn't really be doing orriginal reasurch here, rather we should be reflecting the debate as it is. So prehaps some of what I have said is redundant. We need a carecterisation that is neutral between a presentation like Burges which says that testiomy is "any intelligible utterance which presents something as true" and Graham who claims that it is any intelligble utterance that is 1.offered as being true 2.intended (by the utterer) to be belived based on judgement about her competance and 3. belived by the utter--JK the unwise 13:43, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Poor Article
This article fails entirely to achieve the goal of an encyclopaedia. Having read it, and having a fairly good understanding of the basics of epistemology and law, I have absolutely no idea what it means. For example, the introductory sentence is hopeless: Let's think of a claim: "The rose is red". What evidence can the utterances "the", "rose", "is" and "red" represent to support the claim "the rose is red"? Without better expression or elucidation, the sentence is completely meaningless.
 * "In philosophy, testimony includes any words or utterances that are presented as evidence for the claims they express."

What on earth does this mean? ElectricRay 21:49, 15 October 2006 (UTC)
 * "This definition may be distinguished from the legal notion of testimony in that the speaker does not have to make a declaration of the truth of the facts (see testimony)."

title: Talk:Philosophy of testimony


text: User talk:209.120.161.36

title: User talk:209.120.161.36


text:
User talk:Dastism

 Some of the people, places or things you have written about in the article Dastism may not be well-known enough to merit articles of their own. The Wikipedia community welcomes newcomers, and encourages them to become Wikipedians. By starting an account or logging in, each user is entitled to a user page in which they can describe themselves, and this article's content may be incorporated into that page. However, to merit inclusion in the encyclopedia proper a subject must be notable. We encourage you to write or improve articles on notable subjects. --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 15:16, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dastism


text:
Talk:Travel literature

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Pcooperterpmail, Terick34.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 11:41, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Lists and sources
Well, right or wrong, we have a problem: the list is growing alarmingly, with no sign of sources; and the text part of the article is also accreting uncited examples and claims, including of travel blogs with no support and direct primary links embedded in the text. In short it's becoming a mess. I think we will have to split off the list so it sinks or swims on its own merits. It might be worth splitting it further by century, so at least the older centuries might escape deletion, as sources should not be hard to find. The more outrageous claims in the article can be marked Citation Needed, while uncited bloglists should just be removed. Shall we go for it? Chiswick Chap (talk) 07:32, 14 October 2013 (UTC)

 * In the absence of discussion, I've been bold and done it. At least it has a bibliography. Chiswick Chap (talk) 16:59, 16 October 2013 (UTC)

I Totally agree with that. By the way, What's the particular purpose of citation in a list? Each item is supposed to link to an article, which in turn it's supported by its own references Engranaje (talk) 03:15, 22 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Oh, you think that? Wow. This is a basic feature of Wikipedia, that claims (basically, every claim, though not everybody agrees yet) must be supported by reliable sources such as books and scientific journals. But, you argue, a wikilink points to another page which defines and describes and discusses the fact over there, so why bother to provide another source over here? Well, what if that other page is unsourced, or unreliably sourced? Suppose it's a total load of tosh, in fact? We can't rely on it at all, in that case; and since we can't know whether its sources are any good until we read them, we need to have at least one source (for this particular fact) over here as well. The general assumption that Wikipedia makes about Wikipedia articles is therefore that they are unreliable sources! The definition of what a reliable source is, is roughly something that has been written by a named person and published in a reputable place which has ensured its accuracy - say, Professor Bloggs has published a paper on Sponges in Nature. The Prof doesn't want to make himself and his university look stupid; and the journal takes great care to protect its name by reviewing every paper very carefully. By the end, the chance that nonsense will slip through is very small. Whereas here on Wikipedia ... you know the rest. So, sources are needed, including in lists. Oh, you'll argue. Other lists are totally unsourced crap, so why shouldn't this one be? Well, WP:OTHERSTUFFEXISTS is no kind of argument for adding rubbish, I'm afraid. So, that's what you are Totally agreeing with: fully cited articles. FWIW, I believe list articles *especially* need citations for each item, as each one is essentially an unrelated claim, whereas in a normal article, a citation in a section may easily support every claim made there (different details of Prof Bloggs's sponges, say). All the best, Chiswick Chap (talk) 03:30, 22 October 2013 (UTC)

I'll make my own point clear with an example. I don't see any references here nor there. So would you say they are crappy lists? In my opinion a list is just a list, it just lists. If any plants, or painters by name beginning with "A" or books or authors that don't belong to the genre of travel literature appear in any of those, they will have to be removed. As simple as that. Engranaje (talk) 04:16, 22 October 2013 (UTC)

 * They are tidy but not correct; this is a core Wikipedia policy. Coming back to our own focus, the looming threat is of deletion if anyone takes exception to the list: one was deleted before. The only defence will be that the article is well constructed, well sourced, and especially, not indiscriminate. Therefore we must ruthlessly remove anything that is not defensible, and provide firm defences for everything else. Otherwise the end is inevitable. Chiswick Chap (talk) 07:35, 22 October 2013 (UTC)

Would you mind showing me a list that fulfils those requirements? Engranaje (talk) 22:48, 31 October 2013 (UTC)

 * I believe I have reminded you that WP:OTHERSTUFFEXISTS is not a valid argument at AfD. However, List of camouflage methods is an example of good practice. I trust this conversation is now closed. Chiswick Chap (talk) 09:00, 1 November 2013 (UTC)

Fine. I'll see what I can do. Engranaje (talk) 23:30, 9 November 2013 (UTC)

Cévennes view
Re comment on image -- this was my somewhat desperate attempt to brighten the article, as the two existing images were so dull. The diagram should be deleted and the Cévennes view is purely decoration and expendable. Rwood128 (talk) 23:27, 8 January 2014 (UTC)

But was it perhaps the Goethe image? That seems relevant. Rwood128 (talk) 23:52, 8 January 2014 (UTC)

 * I think we're talking WP:UNDUE here, but there is certainly no call for decoration. Image should illuminate and clarify the text. The real problem is that the article ceaselessly attracts listcruft (read, publisher spamvertisementcruft), and attempts to write an actual history or overview have been scant. The article should be cited and illustrated from books or papers ABOUT the topic, rather than being 'in-universe' from within a book or two. Chiswick Chap (talk) 07:09, 9 January 2014 (UTC)

 * You have been busy. I'll have a closer look, but I was surprised to see nature writing as travel - the genre can be totally static and close to home. Seems an odd call - any reason for it? Chiswick Chap (talk) 18:59, 9 January 2014 (UTC)

Nature writing et al
Re the query as to why Nature writing is included, see that article for an explanation -- though I was just copying from Outdoor literature in the edit. Perhaps it should be removed? Rwood128 (talk) 19:36, 9 January 2014 (UTC)

 * We're having trouble because this is all piecemeal. What we need is a solid overview, which means reliable sources that talk about travel literature (rather than being our favourite examples of it). Some websites that might be useful are:

 * Indiana Univ. Libraries for 19th C.
 * ILAB for Africa
 * Cardiff U. 1492-1914 (brief, by continent)

BTW 'travelogue' is often used to mean 'travel journal', the definition in the article may be WP:OR or WP:POV and suspect! Chiswick Chap (talk) 20:14, 9 January 2014 (UTC)

But I don't understand the point about travelogue, though the word isn't in my vocabulary (American usage?). The definition is from a reputable dictionary and I've now checked other dictionaries, which have more or less the same, though some omit books. I found no reference to travel journals, but these are older dictionaries.
 * Yes, I agree.
 * I guess the usage is travel-log like ship's log; I have no opinion on it, except that the article had 2 different usages. Any sensible resolution will do.

On another point, why not include travel journal in the opening sentence, which includes a series of sub-genres? Rwood128 (talk) 21:42, 9 January 2014 (UTC)
 * OK, but the lead should not be one sentence, but three or four paragraphs summarizing the article, once it's been written... Chiswick Chap (talk) 22:03, 9 January 2014 (UTC)

I'm still trying to understand. Are you saying that "travel journals, diaries and direct records of a traveler's experiences" are not normally literature? I read the article's title as including all 'travel writing'.
 * No! I've no idea how you came to that conclusion. Travel journals and diaries are clearly capable of becoming travel literature, most likely by being worked up for publication. Chiswick Chap (talk) 06:38, 10 January 2014 (UTC)

The two different usages I take to be: I presume that the article should not include, films, documentaries, and lectures -- travelogues. I note that travelogue is used to mean travel writing, despite what dictionaries say. If, what I surmise is correct, I'll try revising the preamble. Rwood128 (talk) 23:04, 9 January 2014 (UTC)
 * (1) Works written for publication, with possible literary pretensions, and
 * (2) Journals, diaries, etc., which were not written for publication and only occasionally have literary, as opposed to historical or scientific, value.
 * (1) and (2) are both clearly relevant to the article. Films and lectures surely aren't. Chiswick Chap (talk) 06:38, 10 January 2014 (UTC)

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List of travel books
I do not know why the List of travel books was returned to this page. It is very long and therefore needs a separate page. Rwood128 (talk) 14:00, 6 February 2018 (UTC)

Links to French page
No idea how to do this, but it seems to me that there is a French language page that is either equivalent or very closely related, here: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9cit_de_voyage, the title of which is more like "Travel Writing". Tried to link to that page, but it asked me to merge, at which point I gave up. Someone may want to look into it? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 1.36.70.65 (talk) 17:09, 29 April 2018 (UTC)

GILGAMESH
Gilgamesh collects the knowledge of the author's time in a decipherable journey and, similar to that of Odysseus, he is disguised with various themes. It is not a fantastic or unreal journey, let's say. In Rampa's Story we discover that:

First chapter

The jagged tops of the rocky Himalayas loomed deep in the vivid purple of the Tibetan twilight sky. The setting sun sank behind the massive mountain range, casting brilliant, iridescent colors on the vast foam of snow that perpetually blows from the highest peaks. The atmosphere was crystal clear, invigorating, and offered almost unlimited visibility. At first glance, the landscape was completely devoid of life. Nothing moved in it, nothing stirred, save the long line of snow that rose above their heads. Apparently nothing could live in those barren mountains. It would seem that there had been no life there since the beginning of time. Only when you know it, when you have been shown it over and over again, can you perceive, with difficulty, the faint indications that human beings live there. Only habit can guide our steps in this wild and forbidden place. Then only the entrance, wrapped in shadows, of a deep and gloomy cave is visible; a cave that is but the vestibule of a myriad tunnels and chambers that make this austere range of mountains a honeycomb. 62.83.203.95 (talk) 06:31, 28 April 2023 (UTC) 62.83.203.95 (talk) 06:34, 28 April 2023 (UTC)

Gilgamesh's journey
Gilgamesh collects the knowledge of the author's time in a decipherable journey and, similar to that of Odysseus, he is disguised with various themes. It is not a fantastic or unreal journey, let's say. In Rampa's Story we discover that: First chapter The jagged tops of the rocky Himalayas loomed deep in the vivid purple of the Tibetan twilight sky. The setting sun sank behind the massive mountain range, casting brilliant, iridescent colors on the vast foam of snow that perpetually blows from the highest peaks. The atmosphere was crystal clear, invigorating, and offered almost unlimited visibility. At first glance, the landscape was completely devoid of life. Nothing moved in it, nothing stirred, save the long line of snow that rose above their heads. Apparently nothing could live in those barren mountains. It would seem that there had been no life there since the beginning of time. Only when you know it, when you have been shown it over and over again, can you perceive, with difficulty, the faint indications that human beings live there. Only habit can guide our steps in this wild and forbidden place. Then only the entrance, wrapped in shadows, of a deep and gloomy cave is visible; a cave that is but the vestibule of a myriad tunnels and chambers that make this austere range of mountains a honeycomb.FJ19 (talk) 06:39, 28 April 2023 (UTC)

Thus, following from Everest to Shanghai -or Kantō region: Leaving Mount Fuji- and ending in San Francisco Bay, USA, it is a route that would have been very famous if it had been discovered very early.151.182.56.53 (talk) 13:20, 28 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Travel literature


text:
Umay

Umay (also known as Umai; 𐰆𐰢𐰖; Ұмай ана, Ūmai ana; Умай эне, Umay ene; Ума́й / Ымай, Umáj / Ymaj, Umay (Ana)) is the goddess of fertility in Turkic mythology and Tengrism and as such related to women, mothers, and children. Umay not only protects and educates babies, but also may separate the soul from the dead, especially young children. She lives in heaven and is invisible to the common people. Souls of babies-to-be-born are kept in her "temple" of Mount Ymay-tas or Amay. The Khakas emphasize her in particular. From Umai, the essence of fire (Od Ana) was born.

Etymology
The Turkic root umāy originally meant "placenta, afterbirth" and this word was used as the name for the goddess whose function was to look after women and children, and she is associated with fertility. In Mongolian, Umai means "womb" or "uterus", possibly reflecting acculturation of Mongols by Turks or ancient lexical ties between Mongols and Turks.

Goddess of children
The name appears in the 8th century inscription of Kul Tigin in the phrase Umay teg ögüm katun kutıŋa "under the auspices of my mother who is like the goddess Umay".

Umay is a protector of women and children. The oldest evidence is seen in the Orkhon script monuments. From these it is understood that Umay was accepted as a mother and a guide. Also, khagans were thought to represent Kök Tengri. Khagan wives, katuns or hatuns, were considered Umays, too. With the help of 'Umay, katuns had babies and these babies were the guarantee of the empire. According to Divanü Lügat’it-Türk, when women worship Umay, they have male babies. Turkic women tie strings attached with small cradles to will a baby from Umay. This belief can be seen with the Tungusic peoples in southern Siberia and the Altay people. Umay is always depicted together with a child. There are only rare exceptions to this. It is believed that when Umay leaves a child for a long time, the child gets ill and shamans are involved to call Umay back. The smiling of a sleeping baby shows Umay is near it and crying means that Umay has left.

Potapov states that, as protector of babies, deceased children are taken by Umai to the heavens.

In the view of the Kyrgyz people, Umay not only protects children, but also Turkic communities around the world. At the same time Umay helps people to obtain more food and goods and gives them luck.

As Umay is associated with the sun, she is called Sarı Kız 'Yellow Maiden', and yellow is her color and symbol. She is depicted as having sixty golden tresses that look like the rays of the sun. She is thought to have once been identical with Od iyesi. Umay and Ece are also used as female given names in the Republic of Turkey.

title: Umay


text:
Italian submarine Axum

Italian submarine Axum was an Adua-class submarine built in the 1930s, serving in the Regia Marina during World War II. She was named after an ancient city of Axum in Ethiopia.

Design and description
The Adua-class submarines were essentially repeats of the preceding Perla-class submarine. They displaced 680 LT surfaced and 844 LT submerged. The submarines were 60.18 m long, had a beam of 6.45 m and a draft of 4.7 m.

For surface running, the boats were powered by two 600 bhp diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a 400 hp electric motor. They could reach 14 kn on the surface and 7.5 kn underwater. On the surface, the Adua class had a range of 3180 nmi at 10.5 kn, submerged, they had a range of 74 nmi at 4 kn.

The boats were armed with six internal 53.3 cm torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern. They were also armed with one 100 mm deck gun for combat on the surface. The light anti-aircraft armament consisted of one or two pairs of 13.2 mm machine guns.

Construction and career
Axum was built at the CRDA shipyard, in Monfalcone. She was laid down on 8 February 1936, launched on 27 September of the same year, and commissioned on 2 December 1936. On March 20, 1937 after a brief training, she was assigned to 23rd Submarine Squadron in Naples.

Between August 27 and September 5, 1937 she performed a secret mission on behalf of the Spanish Nationalists in the Strait of Sicily but did not detect any targets.

Between 1937 and 1940 the submarine underwent intensive training out of her base in Naples. In 1940 Axum was assigned to 71st Squadron (VII Submarine Group) in Cagliari, but her operational base continued to be Naples. After Italy's entrance into World War II she was mainly operating in the western Mediterranean.

In June 1940 she was deployed south of Sardinia.

On 4–5 July 1940 Axum patrolled of the coast of northern Algeria. On 9–11 July 1940 she was relocated to patrol off the island of La Galite, then moved southwest of the island of Sant'Antioco.

In the afternoon of November 9, 1940 Axum left Cagliari and was sent to patrol off the island of La Galite along with four other submarines (including Alagi and Aradam) as a screen to the British Operation "Coat". Later the same day, shortly after 19:00, she detected engine noises but the distance was far too great to attempt an attack. On November 12, 1940, she again detected weak noises through her hydrophones, but again the distant was far too great to attempt an attack.

On November 27, 1940, while patrolling south of Sardinia, at 21:35 she sighted three destroyers and submerged to avoid detection.

In January 1941 she was deployed to the coast of Algeria and Tunisia.

On June 16, 1941, Axum, under command of captain Emilio Gariazzo, was sent to patrol between Ras Uleima, and Marsa Matruh to prevent coastal bombardments by British naval ships conducted in support British troops retreat.

On June 20, 1941, received orders to move closer to Benghazi. On June 23, 1941, around 22:26 she sighted a ship heading west and launched a torpedo, but it missed due to irregular running. Axum launched a second torpedo, but it also missed the ship, passing a few meters by the stern. The ship returned fire and the submarine was forced to dive and get through a brief but intense depth charge attack, without suffering any damage.

During 19–28 July 1941 she got on patrol off Tobruk and detected intense aerial and naval activity, but there were no attacks.

After that Axum was relocated to Leros. Upon arrival and surfacing, she was mistaken for an enemy submarine, and a MAS boat attacked her with machine guns and a torpedo. Fortunately, Axum was not hit, and no one was wounded or killed.

Subsequently, she was transferred first to Messina, and then in September to Cagliari.

In September 1941 Axum was deployed to an area east of Balearic Islands and south of Menorca together with three other submarines (Aradam, Diaspro and Serpente) to intercept British ships during Operation Halberd, but British ships did not pass through her area of operation.

On October 24, 1941, she patrolled in the waters of Malta.

In December 1941 she patrolled in the area off Cape Bougaroun.

On January 4, 1942 Axum was deployed to an area south of Malta with the task of detecting and attacking any British naval forces, but no sightings were made.

In February 1942 she patrolled off the coast of Algeria.

In mid-June 1942 she was deployed in the Ionian Sea, then transferred to patrol northwest of Algiers. On June 22, 1942 she was transferred to patrol off Linosa.

In July 1942 Axum, under command of captain Renato Ferrini, was on patrol between the island of Cani and the island of La Galite, and in the late afternoon of July 15, six miles east of the Cani Island, sighted HMS Welshman (M84) moving rapidly in the direction of Malta. At 20:00, Axum launched three electric torpedoes, but failed to hit the ship because of the bad weather and rough seas.

In mid-August 1942, Axum was assigned with many other submarines to intercept a British convoy, part of Operation Pedestal. Altogether, fifteen Italian submarines and two German U-Boots were deployed in the western Mediterranean with the orders to attack any enemy ship greater than a destroyer. On August 11, 1942, the submarine, commanded by captain Renato Ferrini, left Cagliari heading to an area 25 miles northwest of Cape Blanc, where he arrived the following day. At 6:00 on August 12, Axum left his assigned area, and at 14:00 Commander Ferrini, believing that the convoy would be going a lot closer to the coast, keeping their escorts to the north, ordered full ahead towards Cape Blanc while under water. At 18:21 a silhouette of the convoy was observed. At 18:40 Axum observed fumes on the right which were produced by the anti-aircraft guns engaging two airplanes. Axum continued her approach, and at 19:27, she observed through a periscope that the convoy about eight kilometers to her left. At 19:37 a new observation showed that the distance had dropped to 4,000 meters, and convoy was moving at 13 knots. Another periscope observation was done at 19:48, and a cruiser was selected as a target, and at 19:55, from an estimated distance of 1,300 meters from the first row of the convoy and 1,800 meters from the target cruiser, Axum launched a salvo of all four torpedoes: first was sent straight, second, 5° to the right, third 5° to the left, and finally last one, straight. Immediately Axum disengaged. 63 seconds after the launch, an explosion was heard, after 27 more seconds, two more, one after another. Captain Ferrini thought he had hit a ship in the first row and another one in the second row, but in reality three ships were hit.

The first torpedo struck modern light cruiser HMS Nigeria (60), flagship of Admiral Harold Burrough (Commander of Force X), moving at 14 knots. The explosion opened a 30-foot-wide hole, knocking out electricals, flooding the boiler rooms and knocking out pumps, and starting fires on board. Fifty-two crew members lost their lives. The ship started listing to port (i.e. to the left), but the crew managed to stabilize the cruiser and was able to turn around and head to Gibraltar accompanied by three destroyers. Admiral Burrough had to be taken off the cruiser and moved on board of destroyer HMS Ashanti (F51). HMS Nigeria (60) safely made it back to Gibraltar, where she stayed for over a year undergoing repairs returning to action in September 1943.

Two torpedoes then struck HMS Cairo (D87) moving at 8 knots, blowing off the stern with one of the propellers, killing 24 crew members. After the crew was evacuated, HMS Cairo (D87) (376 survivors) was scuttled with gunfire by HMS Derwent (L83).

Finally, the fourth torpedo struck tanker SS Ohio, causing heavy damage. It was probably the most important merchant ship of the convoy, being the only oil tanker carrying fuel for Malta. Within twenty minutes, the tanker's crew was able to extinguish the fires and continue at 13 knots despite damage. The ship was hit by several bombs on her journey, but the superhuman determination of her crew, and support of several destroyers that guarded her, allowed SS Ohio to reach Malta on 15 August 1942. After unloading fuel, SS Ohio finally sank, breaking in two in Malta's harbor.

After four and half minutes after torpedo launch, escorts went on offensive. Axum was at 65 meters when the depth charge attack started, and captain Ferrini took the boat down to 100 meters. The hunt continued for roughly 2 hours and 60 depth charges were thrown. At 22:50 Axum surfaced to observe the damage and assess the situation. Noting enemy's destroyers in the distance, Axum submerged and went north. She surfaced again at 1:30 on August 14. The damage sustained by the submarine prevented her from diving below 40 meters; nevertheless, Axum stayed in the area patrolling for the next 2 days, and returned to Trapani on August 15, 1942, at 19:30.

In October and November 1942 she patrolled off Balearic Islands. On November 7, 1942, she sighted enemy ships, but got detected and had to dive and withstand a barrage of depth charges which caused some damage. On November 9 Axum left the patrol area and headed back to the base due to sustained damage.

In February 1943 she patrolled in the Gulf of Sirte but did not encounter any traffic.

On April 11, 1943, while sailing in a violent storm off the coast of Sardinia, sustained flooding and lost the use of both of her periscopes forcing her to abandon her mission and return to the base.

On July 21, 1943 Axum while proceeding from La Spezia to La Maddalena, was spotted in the position 42.58333°N, 8.63333°W, five miles northwest of Calvi, by the British Submarine HMS Templar (P316). Templar fired a total of seven torpedoes over the course of several attacks but they all missed the target.

At the announcement of the armistice, on September 8, 1943 Axum (under command of captain Vittorio Barra) was in Gaeta to carry out repair work on diesel engines. Early on September 9, 1943, Germans tried to capture ships in the harbor, and at 2:15 Axum managed to get away with only one engine running. Captain Barra took the boat to island of Montecristo where the submarine spent a night. On September 10, 1943, she reached Portoferraio, and from there proceeded to Palermo.

After repairs in Palermo, she sailed to Malta. On October 9, 1943, she left Malta for Taranto where she underwent further repairs including to her second engine. For the rest of the war, Axum was used only to infiltration missions (bringing and taking spies and sabotage teams from German-occupied territories). During one of those missions, on December 25, 1943 Axum, under command of captain Giovanni Sorrentino, left Taranto to recover spies from the Gulf of Kyparissia. In the evening of December 27, Axum arrived at the rendezvous point on the west coast of Morea. While waiting for a sailboat to bring back the spies, Axum was drifting towards the coast when she ran aground on unknown rock formation. All efforts to dislodge the submarine failed, so in the afternoon of December 28, 1943 commander Sorrentino ordered the boat scuttled with explosive charges at Kaiafas beach, in the position 37.51667°N, 21.58333°W. The submarine crew and the spies had to spend a month in Morea mountains. Finally, at the end of January 1944, the crew and the spies were picked off Marathopolis (now part of Gargalianoi), near Proti Island by escort ITALIAN TORPEDO BOAT Ardimentoso.

title: Italian submarine Axum


text:
Shangpa Kagyu

The Shangpa Kagyu (, "Oral Tradition of the man from Shang") is known as the "secret lineage" of the Kagyu school of Vajrayana or Tibetan Buddhism and differs in origin from the better known Dagpo Kagyu schools. The Dagpo Kagyu are the lineage of Tilopa through his student Naropa, often traced through Naropa's famous student Marpa Lotsawa and thus called "Marpa Kagyu", while the Shangpa lineage descends from Tilopa's student Niguma, who was Naropa's sister, as well as from the teachings of Sukhasiddhi. Its founder was Khyungpo Naljor, the student of both women, whose monastery in the Shang Valley gave its name to the tradition.

The principal Shangpa dharmapala is the six-armed Mahākāla.

The Shangpa tradition was revitalized in the 20th century by the first Kalu Rinpoche, who had many students both in Tibet and in the West.

Origins
The Shangpa Kagyu lineage was founded by the eleventh-century Tibetan scholar Khyungpo Naljor. Seeking to increase his understanding of the teachings he received in Tibet, he traveled to India, where he met the female mystic yogini, Niguma. (Vajradhara Niguma is the full Tibetan name of the Indian yogini Vimalashri. He received many teachings from her; in particular, the teachings of a special tradition of Mahamudra and the Six Yogas of Niguma, which are similar but not identical to the Six Dharmas of Naropa. Khyungpo Naljor was a Tibetan yogi and Bonpo and Niguma's most famous disciple. He was the only one to whom she imparted her most secret teachings. He also met and studied with the dakini Sukhasiddhi, another female mystic and student of the mahasiddha Virūpa, as well as Vajrāsana, Maitripada, Rāhula, and others.

Thang Tong Gyalpo was another famous yogi instructed by Niguma in a vision. He started his own religious tradition within the Shangpa Kagyu lineage.

On his return to Tibet, Khyungpo Naljor established a monastery at Shang in Tsang. This was his main seat, and he became known as the Lama of Shang. Although he was reputed to have founded hundreds of monasteries and had thousands of students, he passed the teachings of Niguma to only one of his students, Mochok Rinchen Tsondru. The Shangpa lineage is often referred to as the "secret lineage" because Niguma instructed Khyungpo Neljor to transmit the teachings to only one student for the first seven generations beginning with Vajradhara and Niguma.

From Mochok Rinchen Tsondru, the lineage was passed to Kyergang Chokyi Senge, Nyenton Rigung Chokyi Sherab, and Songjay Tenpa Tsondru Senge. These first seven teachings are known as the Seven Great Jewels of the Shangpa tradition. Songjay Tenpa was the first teacher who gave these instructions to more than one of his disciples, and from this point on, several different lines of transmission developed. The intention for keeping the lineage secret in this fashion was to protect it from becoming an established monastic tradition. As one of the more esoteric traditions, it was meant to be practiced rather than codified.

Although the Shangpa teachings were highly regarded and were assimilated by many schools, the tradition itself ceased to exist as an independent school with the dissolution of the Jonangpas in the 17th century. However, its teachings were still practiced and transmitted. In the 19th century Jamgon Kongtrul gathered together the surviving transmissions and ensured their continued survival by including them in his Treasury of Key Instructions.

The lineage transmission has also been incorporated into the Sakya school and other Kagyu schools. Je Tsongkhapa, who founded the Gelug school, was also versed in the doctrine of the Shangpa Kagyu.

Modern lineage holders
In the west, the principal teacher of the Shangpa Kagyu lineage was the first Kalu Rinpoche. He received the lineage teachings in the early 1940s when he went for training at Tsa Tsa Monastery in Eastern Tibet. He trained with the Abbot of the monastery, the 8th Tsa Tsa Drubgen, Yizhin Norbu, also called Karma Singhe and the White Crown Master. The Karma Kagyu regent Tai Situpa described Yizhin Norbu as “one of the most learned and accomplished Kagyu masters now living.”

There, Kalu Rinpoche received the complete cycle of the Shangpa teachings during a closed retreat. Tsa Tsa monastery is also a major Dakpo Kagyu Centre and preserves the Rimé movement. The Tsa Tsa Drubgen Yizhin Norbu died in the middle of June, 2005. The Shangpa traditions are currently held by his regent and successor the second Gyalten Thongwa Rangdrol.

After the first Kalu Rinpoche died his student Bokar Tulku Rinpoche became the main lineage holder. After Bokar Tulku Rinpoche died, Yangsi Kalu, a young tulku who finished a Shangpa three-year retreat in September 2008, became the holder of the seat of the lineage (the monastery of Sonada in northern India). The other current holders of the Shangpa lineage are the lamas who have been entrusted by Vajradhara Kalu Rangjung Künchab, for example Norlha Rinpoche, Denys Rinpoche, as well as Ven Mogchok Rinpoche currently living and teaching in France. A list of Kalu Rangjung Kunchab contemporary heirs is available on Shangpa Resource center web Site

Wangchen Rinpoche is a current lineage holder, who was recognized by Dorje Chang Kalu Rinpoche as “Kalu the Younger”, his meditation companion in Tibet.

Practice and doctrine
There are many unique teachings in the Shangpa tradition, but the most important are "The Five Golden Teachings", also called the Five Golden Doctrines of the Shangpas, a group of teachings envisioned as forming a tree,.
 * 1) The innermost teachings are the  "Six Yogas of Niguma" or more properly called "Six Dharmas of Niguma", which are very similar to the Six Yogas of Naropa practiced by the Dagpo schools. The Six Dharmas of Niguma include the teachings on tummo (inner fire), illusory body yoga, dream yoga, clear light yoga (sheer clarity), phowa (consciousness transference), and bardo (the intermediary state between death and birth) yoga.
 * 2) The next tier includes "The Locket Tradition of Mahamudra" which combines the mahamudra teachings of Niguma, Maitripa, and Sukhasiddhi.
 * 3) The teachings on the three methods of carrying one's understanding from meditation into daily activities.
 * 4) The practice of development and completion with the white and red dakinis.
 * 5) The teaching of the deathless nature of mind and body.

title: Shangpa Kagyu


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Whifflet

Overview
Whifflet (The Whufflit, Magh na Cruithneachd) is a suburb of Coatbridge, Scotland, which once formed its own distinctive village. It is referred to, locally, as "The Whifflet" (and pronounced "wheef-lat" or "whiff-lat").

Whifflet was originally known as "The Wheat Flats", due to its flat empty land of dry wheat however, overtime the name appears to have developed into "Whifflet". Although Whifflet is now a suburb-area of Coatbridge, many locals still refer to it as "The Whifflet", with emphasis on the 'The'. Whifflet is dominated by its Main Street, aptly named 'Whifflet Street', which has numerous shops, takeout restaurants, bookmakers, an old fashioned sweet shop and many pubs.

There are two main tower blocks of flats located on Whifflet Street, named 'Whifflet Court' and 'Calder Court'. Both tower blocks, built in 1963, contain 165 individual residences (330 in total) and are 15 storeys high. There are current discussions underway with North Lanarkshire Council to demolish various tower blocks across the county and replace them with more affordable and energy efficient homes, both 'Whifflet Court' and 'Calder Court' are within the remit of demolition.

History
Whifflet, originally a separate village, became a 'colliery' (coal town) whilst also supplying tinplate, iron and digging the coal for the 'foundry fires' around Coatbridge.

Coatbridge was, historically, a centre of mining activity and supported some of the largest coal mining operations through 1810s - 1930s. Coal, Iron and Tinplate works became more successful in Whifflet due to rail connections. A Whifflet coal pit, in the 19th century, is said to have reached a depth of 330 feet underground.

Albion Rovers football club was originally based in the Whifflet area at Meadow Park. This area is now occupied by Whifflet Park, a railway line and an electrical substation.

Demographics
Similar to Coatbridge, Whifflet is said to have a large Irish population and influence, dating back to the early 20th Century.

The life expectancy of males in Whifflet is said to be 75.6 years of age and of females is 77.9 years of age as at 2019. The average in Scotland is 77.1 (males) and 81.0 (females) as of 2019.

The 2019 population of Whifflet is recorded as 3,211 residents.

The Xaverian Missionaries (known locally as "Xaverian Fathers") have been located in Whifflet since 1958. The current complex occupies a large residential and conference facility for use by local schools, parishes, communities and commercial groups. The complex, known as the Conforti Institute, replaces an old Victorian property and an old school building.

Travel
Whifflet Railway Station, which opened in 1992 provides travel links to Glasgow, Motherwell, Coatbridge, and Cumbernauld.

The current railway station is a replacement of the original railway station which opened in 1845.

Notable Residents
Notable residents have included:

 * Jock Cunningham – Coatbridge miner, mutineer and brigade commander on the Republican side during the Spanish Civil War who lived at number 77b Whifflet Street.

title: Whifflet