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Italy at the 1988 Summer Olympics

Italy competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. 253 competitors, 212 men and 41 women, took part in 140 events in 23 sports.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Archery
Giancarlo Ferrari, competing in his fifth Olympic archery contest, dropped to 33rd place in the field. Fellow veteran Ilario Di Buò advanced to the quarterfinal, nearly missing a semifinal berth. The Italians also just missed the cutoff for the final by one ranking in the team round.

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Ilario Di Buò – Quarterfinal (→ 13th place)
 * Andrea Parenti – Preliminary Round (→ 28th place)
 * Giancarlo Ferrari – Preliminary Round (→ 33rd place)

Men's Team Competition:
 * Di Buo, Parenti, and Ferrari – Semifinal (→ 9th place)

Athletics
Men's 10,000 metres
 * Salvatore Antibo
 * First Round — 28:09.35
 * Final — 27:23.55 (→ Silver medal with cup.svg Silver Medal)

 * Alberto Cova
 * First Round — 28:43.84 (→ did not advance)

Men's Marathon
 * Gelindo Bordin
 * Final — 2"10:32 (→ [[Image:Gold medal with cup.svg|16px|Gold]] Gold Medal)

 * Orlando Pizzolato
 * Final — 2"15:20 (→ 16th place)

 * Gianni Poli
 * Final — 2"16:07 (→ 19th place)

Men's 3,000 m Steeplechase
 * Alessandro Lambruschini
 * Heat — 8:32.59
 * Semi Final — 8:16.92
 * Final — 8:12.17 (→ 4th place)

 * Francesco Panetta
 * Heat — 8:29.75
 * Semi Final — 8:17.23
 * Final — 8:17.79 (→ 9th place)

Men's Hammer Throw
 * Lucio Serrani
 * Qualifying Heat — 70.50m (→ did not advance)

Men's Shot Put
 * Alessandro Andrei
 * Qualifying Heat – 20.18m
 * Final – 20.36m (→ 7th place)

Men's Long Jump
 * Giovanni Evangelisti
 * Qualification — 7.81m
 * Final — 8.08m (→ 4th place)

Men's 20 km Walk
 * Maurizio Damilano
 * Final — 1:20:14 (→ [[Image:Bronze medal.svg|16x16px]] Bronze Medal)

 * Giovanni De Benedictis
 * Final — 1:20:14 (→ 6th place)

 * Carlo Mattioli
 * Final — 1:22:58 (→ 19th place)

Men's 50 km Walk
 * Raffaello Ducceschi
 * Final — 3'45:43 (→ 8th place)

 * Giovanni Perricelli
 * Final — 3'47:14 (→ 11th place)

 * Sandro Bellucci
 * Final — 4'04:56 (→ 32nd place)

Women's Marathon
 * Laura Fogli
 * Final — 2"27.49 (→ 6th place)

 * Maria Curatolo
 * Final — 2"30.14 (→ 8th place)

 * Antonella Bizioli
 * Final — 2"34.38 (→ 23rd place)

Boxing
Men's Flyweight (– 51 kg)
 * Andrea Mannai
 * First Round — Lost to Arthur Johnson (USA), 0:5

Men's Featherweight
 * Giovanni Parisi

Men's Lightweight
 * Giorgio Campanella

Men's Light-Middleweight
 * Vincenzo Nardiello

Men's Middleweight
 * Michele Mastrodonato

Men's Light-Heavyweight
 * Andrea Magi

Men's Heavyweight
 * Luigi Gaudiano

Cycling
Eighteen cyclists, fourteen men and four women, represented Italy in 1988.

 * Men's road race
 * Roberto Pelliconi
 * Fabrizio Bontempi
 * Gianluca Bortolami

 * Men's team time trial
 * Roberto Maggioni
 * Eros Poli
 * Mario Scirea
 * Flavio Vanzella

 * Men's sprint
 * Andrea Faccini

 * Men's individual pursuit
 * Ivan Beltrami

 * Men's team pursuit
 * Ivan Beltrami
 * Gianpaolo Grisandi
 * David Solari
 * Fabrizio Trezzi
 * Fabio Baldato

 * Men's points race
 * Giovanni Lombardi

 * Women's road race
 * Imelda Chiappa — 2:00:52 (→ 15th place)
 * Maria Canins — 2:00:52 (→ 32nd place)
 * Roberta Bonanomi — 2:00:52 (→ 45th place)

 * Women's sprint
 * Elisabetta Fanton

Fencing
20 fencers, 15 men and 5 women, represented Italy in 1988.

 * Men's foil
 * Stefano Cerioni
 * Mauro Numa
 * Andrea Borella

 * Men's team foil
 * Andrea Borella, Stefano Cerioni, Federico Cervi, Andrea Cipressa, Mauro Numa

 * Men's épée
 * Sandro Cuomo
 * Stefano Pantano
 * Angelo Mazzoni

 * Men's team épée
 * Stefano Bellone, Andrea Bermond Des Ambrois, Sandro Cuomo, Angelo Mazzoni, Stefano Pantano

 * Men's sabre
 * Giovanni Scalzo
 * Gianfranco Dalla Barba
 * Marco Marin

 * Men's team sabre
 * Giovanni Scalzo, Marco Marin, Gianfranco Dalla Barba, Ferdinando Meglio, Massimo Cavaliere

 * Women's foil
 * Margherita Zalaffi
 * Dorina Vaccaroni
 * Annapia Gandolfi

 * Women's team foil
 * Dorina Vaccaroni, Margherita Zalaffi, Francesca Bortolozzi-Borella, Lucia Traversa, Annapia Gandolfi

Football
Men's Team Competition
 * Preliminary round (group B)
 * Defeated Guatemala (5-2)
 * Lost to Zambia (0-4)
 * Defeated Iraq (2-0)

 * Quarterfinals
 * Defeated Sweden (2-1)

 * Semifinals
 * Lost to Soviet Union (2-3)

 * Bronze Medal Match
 * Lost to West Germany (0-3)

 * Team roster

Head coach: Francesco Rocca
 * 1) Stefano Tacconi (gk)
 * 2) Roberto Cravero
 * 3) Andrea Carnevale
 * 4) Luigi De Agostini
 * 5) Ciro Ferrara
 * 6) Mauro Tassotti
 * 7) Angelo Colombo
 * 8) Luca Pellegrini
 * 9) Massimo Brambati
 * 10) Stefano Carobbi
 * 11) Massimo Crippa
 * 12) Giuliano Giuliani
 * 13) Pietro Paolo Virdis
 * 14) Ruggiero Rizzitelli
 * 15) Roberto Galia
 * 16) Giuseppe Iachini
 * 17) Stefano Desideri
 * 18) Massimo Mauro
 * 19) Alberigo Evani
 * 20) Gianluca Pagliuca (gk)

Modern pentathlon
Three male pentathletes represented Italy in 1988. Carlo Massullo won an individual silver and the team won silver too.

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Carlo Massullo – 5379 pts (→ [[Image:Med 2.png|Silver]] Silver Medal)
 * Daniele Masala – 5152 pts (→ 10th place)
 * Gianluca Tiberti – 5040 pts (→ 17th place)

Men's Team Competition:
 * Massullo, Masala, and Tiberti – 15571pts (→ [[Image:Med 2.png|Silver]] Silver Medal)

Swimming
Men's 100 m Freestyle
 * Roberto Gleria
 * Heat – 50.97 (→ did not advance, 18th place)

Men's 200 m Freestyle
 * Roberto Gleria
 * Heat – 1:49.51
 * B-Final – 1:49.28 (→ 9th place)

 * Giorgio Lamberti
 * Heat – 1:50.47
 * B-Final – scratched (→ did not advance, no ranking)

Men's 400 m Freestyle
 * Giorgio Lamberti
 * Heat – 3:53.29
 * B-Final – scratched (→ did not advance, no ranking)

 * Roberto Gleria
 * Heat – 3:56.33 (→ did not advance, 19th place)

Men's 1500 m Freestyle
 * Luca Pellegrini
 * Heat – 15:18.80 (→ did not advance, 10th place)

 * Stefano Battistelli
 * Heat – 15:36.54 (→ did not advance, 20th place)

Men's 100 m Backstroke
 * Valerio Giambalvo
 * Heat – 59.48 (→ did not advance, 37th place)

Men's 200 m Backstroke
 * Stefano Battistelli
 * Heat – 2:03.63
 * B-Final – scratched (→ did not advance, no ranking)

Men's 100 m Breaststroke
 * Gianni Minervini
 * Heat – 1:02.86
 * Final – 1:02.93 (→ 7th place)

Men's 100 m Butterfly
 * Leonardo Michelotti
 * Heat – 55.83 (→ did not advance, 22nd place)

 * Valerio Giambalvo
 * Heat – 56.57 (→ did not advance, 28th place)

Men's 200 m Individual Medley
 * Luca Sacchi
 * Heat – 2:05.45
 * B-Final – 2:05.68 (→ 13th place)

 * Roberto Cassio
 * Heat – 2:05.88 (→ did not advance, 18th place)

Men's 400 m Individual Medley
 * Stefano Battistelli
 * Heat – 4:20.43
 * Final – 4:18.01 (→ [[Image:Med 3.png|Bronze]] Bronze Medal)

 * Luca Sacchi
 * Heat – 4:23.37
 * Final – 4:23.23 (→ 7th place)

Men's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay
 * Fabrizio Rampazzo, Giorgio Lamberti, Andrea Ceccarini, and Roberto Gleria
 * Heat – 3:23.35

 * Roberto Gleria, Giorgio Lamberti, Fabrizio Rampazzo, and Andrea Ceccarini
 * Final – 3:22.93 (→ 8th place)

Men's 4 × 200 m Freestyle Relay
 * Massimo Trevisan, Fabrizio Rampazzo, Valerio Giambalvo, and Roberto Gleria
 * Heat – 7:21.85

 * Roberto Gleria, Giorgio Lamberti, Massimo Trevisan, and Valerio Giambalvo
 * Final – 7:16.00 (→ 5th place)

Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay
 * Valerio Giambalvo, Gianni Minervini, Leonardo Michelotti, and Roberto Gleria
 * Heat – 3:52.06 (→ did not advance, 15th place)

Women's 100 m Freestyle
 * Silvia Persi
 * Heat – 58.22 (→ did not advance, 29th place)

Women's 200 m Freestyle
 * Silvia Persi
 * Heat – 2:04.40 (→ did not advance, 23rd place)

Women's 400 m Freestyle
 * Manuela Melchiorri
 * Heat – 4:15.40
 * B-Final – 4:14.90 (→ 14th place)

Women's 800 m Freestyle
 * Manuela Melchiorri
 * Heat – 8:40.63 (→ did not advance, 12th place)

Women's 100 m Backstroke
 * Lorenza Vigarani
 * Heat – 1:03.96
 * B-Final – 1:03.88 (→ 13th place)

 * Manuela Carosi
 * Heat – 1:04.69
 * B-Final – 1:03.80 (→ 11th place)

Women's 200 m Backstroke
 * Lorenza Vigarani
 * Heat – 2:17.35
 * B-Final – 2:18.69 (→ 13th place)

Women's 100 m Breaststroke
 * Manuela Dalla Valle
 * Heat – 1:11.25
 * B-Final – 1:10.95 (→ 12th place)

Women's 200 m Breaststroke
 * Manuela Dalla Valle
 * Heat – 2:30.60
 * Final – 2:29.86 (→ 8th place)

 * Annalisa Nisiro
 * Heat – 2:32.77
 * B-Final – 2:31.19 (→ 12th place)

Women's 100 m Butterfly
 * Ilaria Tocchini
 * Heat – 1:02.07
 * B-Final – 1:02.78 (→ 16th place)

 * Emanuela Viola
 * Heat – 1:03.91 (→ did not advance, 24th place)

Women's 200 m Individual Medley
 * Roberta Felotti
 * Heat – 2:19.62
 * B-Final – 2:19.63 (→ 13th place)

 * Manuela Dalla Valle
 * Heat – 2:22.85 (→ did not advance, 25th place)

Women's 400 m Individual Medley
 * Roberta Felotti
 * Heat – 4:49.20
 * B-Final – 4:49.53 (→ 9th place)

Women's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay
 * Lorenza Vigarani, Manuela Dalla Valle, Ilara Tocchini, and Silvia Persi
 * Heat – 4:14.68
 * Final – 4:13.85 (→ 8th place)

Tennis
Men's Singles Competition
 * Paolo Canè
 * First round — Defeated Milan Šrejber (Czechoslovakia) 6-3 7-6 4-6 6-3
 * Second round — Defeated Emilio Sánchez (Spain) 7-5 6-3 6-7 6-4
 * Third round — Defeated Javier Sánchez (Spain) 7-6 4-6 6-1 6-2
 * Quarterfinals — Lost to Stefan Edberg (Sweden) 1-6 5-7 4-6

 * Diego Nargiso
 * First round — Defeated Francisco Maciel (Mexico) 4-6 2-6 7-6 7-6 8-6
 * Second round — Lost to Tim Mayotte (United States) 6-2 2-6 4-6 0-6

 * Omar Camporese
 * First round — Lost to Guy Forget (France) 2-6 0-6 3-6

Women's Singles Competition
 * Sandra Cecchini
 * First Round – Bye
 * Second Round – Lost to Chris Evert (USA) 2-6 2-6

 * Raffaella Reggi
 * First Round – Defeated Liz Smylie (Australia) 7-6 6-0
 * Second Round – Defeated Claudia Kohde-Kilsch (West Germany) 4-6 7-6 6-3
 * Third Round – Defeated Chris Evert (USA) 2-6 6-4 6-1
 * Quarterfinals – Lost to Manuela Maleeva (Switzerland) 3-6 4-6

Men's team competition

 * Preliminary round (group A)
 * Lost to Brazil (0-3)
 * Lost to Bulgaria (0-3)
 * Defeated Sweden (3-2)
 * Lost to Soviet Union (1-3)
 * Defeated South Korea (3-0)

 * Classification Matches
 * 9th/12th place: Defeated Tunisia (3-0)
 * 9th/10th place: Defeated Japan (3-2) → Ninth place

 * Team roster
 * Andrea Gardini
 * Andrea Giani
 * Pierpaolo Lucchetta
 * Ferdinando De Giorgi
 * Marco Bracci
 * Claudio Galli
 * Lorenzo Bernardi
 * Alessandro Lazzeroni
 * Massimo Castagna
 * Andrea Zorzi
 * Luca Cantagalli
 * Andrea Lucchetta

 * Head coach: Carmelo Pittera

Water polo
Men's Team Competition
 * Preliminary round (group A)
 * Drew with Soviet Union (9-9)
 * Defeated South Korea (1-11)
 * Defeated Australia (7-5)
 * Lost to West Germany (7-10)
 * Defeated France (14-8)

 * Classification Round (Group D)
 * Drew with Hungary (9-9)
 * Lost to Spain (9-11) → 7th place

 * Team roster
 * Paolo Trapanese
 * Alfio Misaggi
 * Andrea Pisano
 * Antonello Steardo
 * Alessandro Campagna
 * Paolo Caldarella
 * Mario Fiorillo
 * Francesco Porzio
 * Stefano Postiglione
 * Riccardo Tempestini
 * Massimiliano Ferretti
 * Marco d'Altrui
 * Gianni Averaimo

 * Head coach: Fritz Dennerlein

title: Italy at the 1988 Summer Olympics


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User:Guruann

Hi Gurann. Regarding Mercedes' email address, I have a policy of not handing over email addresses without permissions (esp for women). If you supply me with your email address I will pass it on to her with a request that she contact you. I hope this is ok RobertBrockway 03:30 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Guruann


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Jerry Reinsdorf

Jerry Michael Reinsdorf (born February 25, 1936) is an American sports executive and businessman who is the owner of the NBA's Chicago Bulls and MLB's Chicago White Sox. He started his professional life as a tax attorney with the Internal Revenue Service. He has been the owner of the White Sox and Bulls for over 35 years. As of May 2024, his net worth was estimated at US$2.2 billion.

He made his initial fortune in real estate, taking advantage of the Frank Lyon Co. v. United States decision by the United States Supreme Court, which allowed economic owners of realty to sell property and lease it back, while transferring the tax deduction for depreciation to the title owner.

As the owner and chairman of the Chicago Bulls since 1985, he oversaw a turnaround in the franchise's fortunes, culminating in six NBA Championships in the 1990s (1991–1993 and 1996–1998). He is controversial for his involvement (along with Jerry Krause) in breaking up the championship team by not hiring back Phil Jackson. He signed Michael Jordan as a baseball player during his sabbatical from basketball. He also moved the Bulls from Chicago Stadium to the United Center.

After Reinsdorf's purchase of the White Sox in 1981, the franchise made the playoffs in 1983 for the first time since 1959, and won the World Series for the first time since 1917 in 2005, the only year during his tenure as owner in which the White Sox have won a playoff series. Reinsdorf moved the White Sox from Comiskey Park to New Comiskey Park in 1991 (now known as Guaranteed Rate Field). In both sporting endeavors, he has developed a reputation as an anti-labor union hardliner. Since the early 1990s, he has been considered one of the most influential basketball owners. He has been influential in instituting the salary cap and revenue sharing. On April 4, 2016, Reinsdorf was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a contributor.

Early life and college
Reinsdorf was born to a Jewish family in Brooklyn, New York. He attended Erasmus Hall High School in Brooklyn, and is the son of a sewing machine salesman. Reinsdorf was in the stands the day Jackie Robinson debuted for the Brooklyn Dodgers, "breaking the color barrier" as the first black player permitted by white ownership.

Reinsdorf earned a bachelor's degree from George Washington University in Washington, D.C., where he became a member of Alpha Epsilon Pi. He subsequently moved to Chicago in 1957. Reinsdorf became a CPA and lawyer as well as a registered mortgage underwriter and a certified review appraiser. He leveraged a full scholarship offer from the University of Chicago Law School into a scholarship from the Northwestern University School of Law.

Early business career
Reinsdorf worked as an IRS lawyer after graduating from Northwestern in 1960, where his first case concerned the tax delinquency of Bill Veeck, who at the time owned the White Sox. In 1964, he went into private practice. He developed a specialty in real estate partnership tax shelters. He sold his business interests in the real estate partnership in 1973 and formed Balcor, which raised US$650 million to invest in buildings under construction. He sold Balcor in 1982 for $102 million to Shearson Lehman Brothers, the investment banking and brokerage arm of American Express. However, he continued to be President of the company for several years thereafter.

New purchases
In 1981 he was wealthy enough to purchase the White Sox for $19 million. The purchase was brokered by American National Bank who arranged for a limited partnership. He followed previous eccentric White Sox owners Charles Comiskey, who was known as a miser, and Veeck, who was known as a prankster who gutted the team by trading away promising prospects. Soon after buying the White Sox, he signed Greg Luzinski and Carlton Fisk. He also tripled the team promotional budget and increased the number of team scouts from 12 to 20. By the 1983 Major League Baseball season the White Sox made the playoffs with the best record in the Major Leagues. The team initially signed a television deal with the newly founded Sportsvision under the new leadership of Chairman Reinsdorf and Vice Chairman Eddie Einhorn, but that arrangement quickly fizzled. Einhorn continued as Vice Chairman of the White Sox until his death in 2016.

In 1985 he purchased the Chicago Bulls as part of a syndicate for US$16 million, following in the footsteps of Einhorn, who had purchased the United States Football League's Chicago Blitz franchise in 1984. In the months prior to the purchase, Milwaukee businessman Marvin Fishman had been awarded a $16.2 million judgment against the Bulls. Fishman had been illegally blocked from purchasing the team in 1972. Reinsdorf purchased the team from an ownership group that included Lamar Hunt, George Steinbrenner, Walter Shorenstein, Jonathan Kovler, Lester Crown, Philip Klutznick, and the estate of Arthur Wirtz, and he held a $9.2 million controlling interest in the team. Reinsdorf's share of 56.8% of the team was purchased from Klutznick, Steinbrenner, Shorenstein and the estate of Wirtz. His purchase ended an era in which the Bulls were managed by committee with decisions by conference call, verdicts by vote. Reinsdorf acquired his majority interests on March 11, 1985, and Kovler sold his 7% stake in the team on January 29, 1986, bringing Reinsdorf's interest to 63%. The following week Reinsdorf ousted Rod Thorn as general manager and replaced him with Jerry Krause.

Led by Jordan, who was drafted the year before Reinsdorf purchased the team, the team's popularity and on-court success rapidly improved. The Bulls drafted Horace Grant and Scottie Pippen and traded for Bill Cartwright to join John Paxson and Michael Jordan under the tutelage of head coach Doug Collins. In 1989, the franchise promoted then-Bulls assistant coach Phil Jackson to be Collins's replacement at the team's helm. Jackson would prove to be the final core addition, catalyzing the Bulls' dynastic championship run of six NBA championship titles in eight seasons (1991–1998). Whereas before Reinsdorf's purchase the team had an average attendance of 6,365 in the 17,339-seat Chicago Stadium, from November 20, 1987, through Jordan's 1998 retirement, the Bulls sold out every game.

Ownership history
The White Sox won American League regular season Division Championships in 1983, 1993, 2000, 2005, 2008 and 2021 under Reinsdorf, and won the 2005 World Series. They also led the central division at the conclusion of the strike-shortened 1994 Major League Baseball season. The World Series victory made him only the third owner in the history of North American sports to win a championship in two different sports, and boosted the value of the franchise to over $300 million. Reinsdorf signed Jordan to a minor league contract with the White Sox after Jordan's announcement that he wanted to play baseball, a move many thought was solely due to Jordan's drawing power. Reinsdorf had tried to convince Jordan not to give up basketball, but had not attempted to make Jordan the highest paid player in the game, as some felt he should have.

As both a basketball and baseball owner, Reinsdorf has been described by Time as a "cheapskate." As a baseball owner, he has a reputation as one of the most militant, anti-union, hard-line owners. Newsweek described him as "one of the hardest heads in the 1994 baseball strike." In the baseball offseason between the 1992 and 1993 seasons, he completely abstained from the free agent market. Reinsdorf was one of the last holdouts to the 1996 labor agreement that instituted the salary cap while retaining arbitration rights for the players. His 1996 signing of Albert Belle made news because of his widely publicized general opposition to spiraling player salaries. The $55 million signing was a turning point in the decision by the baseball owners to agree to revenue sharing. The signing made Reinsdorf the employer of the highest paid Major League Baseball player and highest paid professional basketball player (Jordan) at the same time. Reinsdorf had just re-signed Jordan after the 1995–96 NBA season. Jordan had been underpaid for most of his career, but Reinsdorf did not feel he could justify the $30 million salary from a business standpoint. Even his most successful baseball team was not highly paid: the 2005 World Series champion White Sox had the 13th highest payroll of the 30 Major League Baseball teams.

After Reinsdorf purchased the team in 1981, the White Sox experienced erosion of fan and media support. He complained about old Comiskey Park with its foibles such as numerous obstructed view seats and threatened to move the White Sox. Among his threats was moving the team to Itasca or Addison, Illinois in DuPage County. Reinsdorf, through his real estate business, purchased 100 acre in Addison. Chicago Mayor Harold Washington lobbied the Illinois legislature, and subsequently then-Illinois Governor James R. Thompson promoted a package of incentives to retain the team in Chicago. The state floated bonds to build New Comiskey Park and let Reinsdorf keep all parking and concession revenues, as well as the $5 million per year from 89 skyboxes. Reinsdorf and Chicago Blackhawks owner William Wirtz contributed $175 million to fund the construction of the largest arena in the United States. When the United Center opened in 1994 all of the skyboxes were leased for up to eight years. As per the collective bargaining agreement, Reinsdorf was allowed to exclude 60% of luxury suite revenue from "basketball-related income" and thus it is not part of the revenue sharing income.

Reinsdorf is a powerful baseball owner who in 1988 stopped the sale of the Texas Rangers and later influenced the sale of the Seattle Mariners. Edward Gaylord and Gaylord Entertainment Company had first attempted to buy the Rangers in 1985. Reinsdorf was also said to be largely responsible for the ousting of Fay Vincent as the Commissioner of Baseball in 1992. He had previously undermined Vincent by employing Richard Ravitch as the league's labor negotiator at a salary higher than Vincent's. By the early 1990s, Reinsdorf and acting Baseball commissioner (as well as Milwaukee Brewers owner) Bud Selig had assumed baseball's mantle of power from Atlanta Braves owner, Ted Turner, and New York Yankees owner, George Steinbrenner, who had in turn taken over the sport from Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers owner Walter O'Malley, St. Louis Cardinals owner Gussie Busch, and Oakland Athletics owner Charlie O. Finley.

In the 1980s, Reinsdorf, Bud Selig and the American League President colluded to dissuade the Philadelphia Phillies from signing Lance Parrish who was a Detroit Tigers free agent. During the strike, Reinsdorf, who was an anti-union hard-liner, was so pessimistic that he did not expect baseball to resume until the 1996 Major League Baseball season. In the early 1990s he was able to get new stadiums (United Center and New Comiskey Park) for his teams.

Some fans and columnists have accused Reinsdorf of breaking up the championship Bulls team after their third straight title and sixth in eight years, claiming the Bulls could have competed for more titles with Michael Jordan, Scottie Pippen and good support from the rest of the team that in the eight-year span included Dennis Rodman, Horace Grant, Toni Kukoč, Ron Harper, B. J. Armstrong, and coach Phil Jackson. Some accounts claim that because Jackson feuded with both Reinsdorf and Krause and because both Jordan and Pippen were linked to Jackson, the team was broken up. Forbes describes the scenario as an example of owner greed. Many note that Phil Jackson's decision not to return as coach and Jordan's retirement during the 1998–99 NBA season lockout impacted the decisions of several players on whether to return to Chicago. While Reinsdorf had held out hope that he could convince Jackson and Jordan to return and thus had introduced Tim Floyd as President of Chicago Bulls Basketball Operations instead of head coach, according to film footage from documentary series The Last Dance, Krause had made it clear to Jackson that he was not wanted back.

Reinsdorf was one of two bidders for the Phoenix Coyotes that would commit to not relocating the team. On July 29, 2009 Reinsdorf and his group were approved for ownership of the Coyotes for $148 million. In August 2009, it was reported that Jerry Reinsdorf & Ice Edge LLC had dropped its bid for the Coyotes, leaving only Balsillie and the NHL as bidders for the team. The NHL bid ultimately prevailed, however the league stated it wished to re-sell the franchise as soon as possible. On March 24, 2010, it was reported that Reinsdorf was once again a possible buyer for the Phoenix Coyotes. Reinsdorf had been working out an arrangement to make the deal more feasible with the municipality of Glendale, Arizona. As late as August 2011, negotiations between Reinsdorf and the City of Glendale were still in process for the purchase of the Coyotes. However, in 2013, the Coyotes were sold to IceArizona, a group of investors that did not include Reinsdorf.

Legacy
Reinsdorf is largely responsible for the revenue sharing of the internet rights of Major League Baseball in which all teams have shared equally since Major League Baseball Advanced Media (known as BAM) was established in 2000. Reinsdorf also endeavored to sell the naming rights to the New Comiskey Park to U.S. Cellular in a $68 million 20-year deal that funded a 7-year $85 million overhaul of the stadium that ended prior to the 2008 Major League Baseball season. The overhaul included the removal of top rows of the upper deck, replacement of the baby blue seats with traditionally-colored green ones and dozens of other upgrades. Prior to the seven-year overhaul, the 2001 White Sox barely broke even financially with a $700,000 operating profit on revenues of $101.33 million.

Reinsdorf won a major revenue sharing legal battle with other NBA owners over the Chicago Bulls broadcasts on WGN-TV. The 55 game schedule on the superstation for an audience of 35 million competed with the NBA broadcasts, but Reinsdorf was permitted to maintain the contract. As recently as 2004, the Bulls continued to be the NBA's most profitable team, earning $49 million in operating income and having an estimated valuation of $356 million.

Reinsdorf feels that if Major League Baseball Players Association chief Donald Fehr had not opposed steroid testing, baseball would have taken a stand against steroid use much sooner. He feels that in the end this delayed action will cost some players election into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.

Awards and honors
Sports ownership
 * Six-time NBA champion (as owner of the Bulls)
 * 2005 World Series champion (as owner of the White Sox)
 * Three-time Midwest League champion (as owner of the Appleton Foxes)

Halls of Fame
 * Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame (Class of 2016 – as a contributor)
 * Appleton, Wisconsin Baseball Hall of Fame (Class of 2006)

Other
 * 1990 Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement
 * 2011 Jefferson Award for Public Service

Charity work
Reinsdorf has been involved in Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley's initiative to improve standardized test scores in the 559 Chicago Public Schools. He has been involved in other extensive charitable work including those of CharitaBulls and White Sox Charities. His philanthropy and community development have been notable in the Near West Side community area near the United Center. Twice the White Sox Charities has donated $1 million to the Chicago Park District with particular attention to funding baseball and softball fields.

Other business dealings
He has been a member of the board of directors of Shearson Lehman Brothers, Inc., the Northwestern University Law School Alumni Association, LaSalle Bank, EQ Office and numerous other corporations and charities. He currently serves as a Life Trustee of Northwestern University.

Throughout the years Reinsdorf has been active in the affairs of baseball, serving on the Executive Council and Ownership, Long Range Planning, Restructuring, Expansion, Equal Opportunity, Strategic Planning, Legislative and Labor Policy Committees of Major League Baseball, he also serves on the Boards of MLB Advanced Media and MLB Enterprises.

In 2013, Reinsdorf partnered with Mark Sullivan, Noah Kroloff, Dennis Burke, David Aguilar, and John Kaites to found Global Security and Innovative Strategies.

Personal life
In 1956, while they were both students at George Washington University, he married Martyl Rifkin (March 4, 1936 – June 28, 2021). She was born in Denver, Colorado, the daughter of Milton and Vivette Rifkin (nee Ravel); the Rifkin family moved to Chicago in 1944, and Martyl attended Morgan Park High School. Their union resulted in four children, Susan, David, Michael, and Jonathan.

title: Jerry Reinsdorf


text:
User talk:Harmanos

For someone who's the "Best-selling female artist of the still-running decade and century," don't you think Britney is worth being listed as an influential person in popular entertainmenton in 21st century? -Frazzydee|✍ 03:33, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Probably.
 * Please don't take it personally! Disagreements on Wikipedia happen all the time, and that page in particular looks like a POV magnet to me anyways, so don't worry about it. I think that she is influential, and if you think she isn't you might be right...I just disagree with your assessment.  If you want, you can raise the issue on Talk:21st century.

 * I don't think I gave you a proper welcoming to Wikipedia either...so welcome ;) I'm sorry if I gave you a bad introduction, but it was certainly not my intention. I hope that you'll stay with us and continue to edit.  If you want, you can read Tutorial to learn how to edit, or you can just do what I did and learn as you go along (the tutorial is a bit lengthy ;)).  If you have any questions, feel free to ask me.  Once again, I apologize if I offended you earlier- I definitely didn't mean to. -Frazzydee|✍ 11:29, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

No worries... apology accepted. What a welcome to Wiki! I'll see what I can do. I'm still in the stage of "Wow, they've really done this..." Thanks for your offer of help and advice. Can't think of anything right now but will keep you posted. Harmanos 06:04, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I don't know this guy, never heard of him till I saw this article, but you can't call someone a martyr, it violates NPOV, and that's the one, immutable law of Wikipedia. User:Zoe|(talk) 22:36, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I see you are making your personal attacks on my Talk page again. You don't seem to have edited anything between the last attack and today's.  Why are you being so aggressive instead of trying to be a member of the community?  User:Zoe|(talk) 20:02, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

How sad that you were unable to transform Wikipedia into your own soapbox. Just because I removed the word "martyr" from your article. User:Zoe|(talk) 20:09, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Harmanos


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vorpal king

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 17:59, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

Vorpal king
Page about fictional character. Claim to fame: he has "gained cult reputation in isolated groups." Web references to character and its "satirical RPG" are very few. Bottom line: it's a lame little satire that hasn't attracted any interest, and doesn't deserve a Wikipedia page. ---Isaac R 03:33, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as stated. Isaac R completely shot it to pieces! Master Thief Garrett 05:29, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. P Ingerson 20:54, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Lindsay Felton

Lindsay Marie Felton (born December 4, 1984) is an American former actress. She is best known for her roles as Caitlin Seeger in Caitlin's Way and Anna Morgan in Anna's Dream.

Life and career
Felton was born in Seattle, Washington. She had a variety of roles since beginning acting in advertisements on local television at age three.

Her first major network television appearance came in 1994 on the short-lived ABC sitcom Thunder Alley, as the granddaughter of Edward Asner's character. She made her feature film debut in 1998 in 3 Ninjas: High Noon at Mega Mountain.

In 2000, Felton got her first starring role, as Caitlin Seeger on the Nickelodeon series "Caitlin's Way", which ran for 52 episodes.

Felton then moved on to several leading roles in independent movies released on TV or video, including the short film Size 'Em Up, PAX-TV's movie Anna's Dream, and the direct-to-video release The Metro Chase. In 2003 she appeared in the feature film Grind as Denise Jenson. In 2006, she appeared in ER episode 273, "Heart of the Matter", as Donna Palsey. She appeared in the independent film Two Star State of Mind in 2008. Felton appeared on the VH1 reality show Scream Queens. The show premiered on October 20, 2008, and Felton was eliminated in the final episode, finishing in third place.

title: Lindsay Felton


text:
Belgium at the 1988 Summer Olympics

Belgium competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. 59 competitors, 35 men and 24 women, took part in 65 events in 16 sports.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Archery
In the fifth appearance of Belgium at the Olympic archery contest, the nation returned to sending just men. The three men placed 15th in the team round, with Paul Vermeiren leading the individual rankings with a 17th place.

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Paul Vermeiren — Quarterfinals (→ 17th place)
 * Patrick DeKoning — Preliminary Round (→ 44th place)
 * Francis Noteboom — Preliminary Round (→ 53rd place)

Men's Team Competition:
 * Vermeiren, DeKoning, and Noteboom — Preliminary Round (→ 15th place)

Athletics
Men's 3.000m Steeplechase
 * William Van Dijck
 * Heat — 8:36.80
 * Semi Final — 8:15.63
 * Final — 8:13.99 (→ 5th place)

Men's 20 km Walk
 * Godfried Dejonckheere
 * Final — 1:27:14 (→ 35th place)

Men's 50 km Walk Women's Marathon
 * Godfried Dejonckheere
 * Final — did not finish (→ no ranking)
 * Magda Ilands
 * Final — 2:38:02 (→ 35th place)
 * Agnes Pardaens
 * Final — did not finish (→ no ranking)

Women's Heptathlon
 * Jacqueline Hautenauve
 * Final Result — 5734 points (→ 20th place)

Cycling
Six cyclists, four men and two women, represented Belgium in 1988.

 * Men's road race
 * Jan Mattheus
 * Johnny Dauwe
 * Frank Francken

 * Men's sprint
 * Erik Schoefs

 * Women's road race
 * Kristel Werckx — 2:00:52 (→ 23rd place)
 * Agnes Dusart — 2:00:52 (→ 36th place)

Fencing
Two fencers, both men, represented Belgium in 1988.

 * Men's foil
 * Thierry Soumagne

 * Men's épée
 * Stefan Joos
 * Thierry Soumagne

Judo

 * Men

Swimming
Men's 100m Freestyle
 * Jean-Marie Arnould
 * Heat – 52.26 (→ did not advance, 34th place)

Men's 200m Freestyle
 * Jean-Marie Arnould
 * Heat – 1:53.73 (→ did not advance, 33rd place)

Men's 400m Freestyle
 * Jean-Marie Arnould
 * Heat – 3:59.91 (→ did not advance, 29th place)

Men's 100m Breaststroke
 * Sidney Appelboom
 * Heat – 1:05.21 (→ did not advance, 33rd place)
 * Luc Van de Vondel
 * Heat – 1:06.24 (→ did not advance, 45th place)

Men's 200m Breaststroke
 * Sidney Appelboom
 * Heat – 2:18.02
 * B-Final – 2:18.08 (→ 11th place)
 * Luc Van de Vondel
 * Heat – 2:21.50 (→ did not advance, 28th place)

Men's 200m Butterfly
 * Jean-Marie Arnould
 * Heat – 2:03.76 (→ did not advance, 25th place)

Men's 200m Individual Medley Women's 200m Freestyle
 * Sidney Appelboom
 * Heat – 2:11.50 (→ did not advance, 33rd place)
 * Isabelle Arnould
 * Heat – 2:03.32 (→ did not advance, 18th place)

Women's 400m Freestyle
 * Isabelle Arnould
 * Heat – 4:11.71
 * Final – 4:11.73 (→ 6th place)
 * Christelle Janssens
 * Heat – 4:19.95 (→ did not advance, 25th place)

Women's 800m Freestyle
 * Isabelle Arnould
 * Heat – 8:34.56
 * Final – 8:37.47 (→ 7th place)
 * Christelle Janssens
 * Heat – 8:51.22 (→ did not advance, 20th place)

Women's 100m Breaststroke
 * Ingrid Lempereur
 * Heat – 1:11.00
 * B-Final – 1:10.86 (→ 11th place)
 * Brigitte Becue
 * Heat – 1:12.90 (→ did not advance, 21st place)

Women's 200m Breaststroke
 * Ingrid Lempereur
 * Heat – 2:30.07
 * Final – 2:29.42 (→ 6th place)
 * Brigitte Becue
 * Heat – 2:33.13
 * B-Final – 2:34.10 (→ 16th place)

Women's 200m Individual Medley
 * Isabelle Arnould
 * Heat – 2:20.74 (→ did not advance, 24th place)

Synchronized swimming
One synchronized swimmer represented Belgium in 1988.

 * Women's solo
 * Patricia Serneels

title: Belgium at the 1988 Summer Olympics


text:
Mexico at the 1988 Summer Olympics

Mexico competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. 83 competitors, 66 men and 17 women, took part in 82 events in 17 sports.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Archery
In its third Olympic archery competition, Mexico entered three men and one woman.

 * Men

 * Women

Athletics

 * Men
 * Track and road events

 * Women
 * Track and road events

 * Field events

Cycling
Five cyclists, all men, represented Mexico in 1988.

Road

 * Men

Track

 * Points race

Diving

 * Men

 * Women

Fencing
One female fencer represented Mexico in 1988.

 * Individual
 * Pool stages

Artistic

 * Men

Modern pentathlon
Three male pentathletes represented Mexico in 1988.

Rowing

 * Men

Sailing

 * Women

 * Open

Shooting

 * Men

 * Mixed

Swimming

 * Men

 * Women

Synchronized swimming
Three synchronized swimmers represented Mexico in 1988.

Tennis

 * Men

 * Women

Wrestling

 * Greco-Roman

 * Greco-Roman

title: Mexico at the 1988 Summer Olympics


text:
Anya Major

Anya Major (born 1966) is an English athlete, actress, model and singer who starred in Apple Computer's "1984" commercial and, in 1985, appeared as "Nikita" in the video to Elton John's song of the same name.

In 1983, the Chiat/Day advertising agency held a casting call in London, on behalf of their client, Apple Computer, for what would prove to be a landmark television commercial. The vision of the agency and director Ridley Scott stipulated an actress capable of running up to a large video screen, spinning with a sledgehammer, and releasing it at the video screen. Most of the models and actresses tested struggled to do this; one errant throw nearly struck a passerby at the Hyde Park casting call. She won the role with her ability to handle the hammer convincingly.

Career
The commercial officially aired only twice on American television. It was first screened in December 1983, right before the 1:00 am sign-off on KMVT in Twin Falls, Idaho, so that it would be eligible for advertising industry awards for that year. In addition, starting on January 17, 1984 it was screened prior to previews in movie theaters for a few weeks. Its best-known appearance was just after half-time of Super Bowl XVIII on 22 January 1984. Even with these limited appearances, the ad created such a media frenzy that it gained many subsequent free TV airings and print mentions, as it was discussed in the media.

Major later portrayed "Nikita" in the Elton John 1985 music video for his song of the same name. As a spin-off, she released a single named "Moscow Nights" using the name Anya, and with that name, in 1987, she released another song named "One Word".

In 2006, Andy Hertzfeld of the Macintosh development team incorrectly stated that Major had died of breast cancer in 2000. As of 2009, she was living in England with her husband Kim Rajah and their three children. More recently in 2016, she starred in the documentary "Silicon Cowboys " produced by Jason Cohen, to represent her involvement in the Macintosh commercial.

title: Anya Major


text:
Talk:WITR

Untitled
Most radio stations are recorded under the simple title, in this case WITR. This particular article should be moved to 'WITR(Radio)' and a disambiguation created to distinguish it from Witr (a muslim prayer). --Randolph 03:37, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I say leave it where it is. Otherwise it'd have to be moved back and DAB-ed further if the FCC ever granted an AM license of WITR. (And for the record, it could be moved to simply 'WITR' with a DABlink on top for 'Witr' but again, that'd create more confusion I think. ClarkCT (talk) 10:58, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:WITR


text:
Talk:Gord (archaeology)

Beograd
Please change the name of Belgrade into Beograd. Belgrade is the english-version of the name. Beograd is the native Serbian name, and it better illustrates the point that that the writter is making.

Regards and best wishes.

Ukraine
ґород (gorod) and город (horod)??? ґород does not exist!!! Ukrainian город is Russian огород, and Russian город is Ukrainian місто!!! UeArtemis (talk) 16:41, 7 May 2010 (UTC)

SLAVIC GORDS AND LUSITIAN CULTURE
I think we should distinguish Slavic gords that were build since about VI-VII a.d. from much older fortified villages (like Biskupin built by Lusitian Culture) - Slavic gords and much older fortified villages have nothing in common!! The only common thing is that both are made from wood (but it was GREAT FOREST COUNTRY!! - what type of material should they use when there were millions of wood out there :)) So if there is nothing in common than I think we should split gord into twho different records. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 82.139.8.24 (talk) 18:01, 10 February 2007 (UTC).

 * Well, they were often combined, weren’t they? For example, Budeč was originally prehistoric settlement from the Bronze Age, but then in the Slavic times it was fortified into a mountain-top gord.
 * Ceplm (talk) 15:05, 15 February 2018 (UTC)

Gord?
I believe You wanted to write 'grod'.

 * no, grod is much later Polish and Lusitian form of Slavic gord. -or- before consonant changed into -ro-/ra/oro in different Slavonic groups (thats why today Polish gród, Serbian grad and Russian gorod)

Be well

 * Actually Beograd is the Bosnian and Montenegrin name for Belgrade, from whom today's Beograd stole the model back in AD 1125. Only joking! It's better to list the two variants but it should primarily be in English as indeed this is written in English to communicate to English speakers. If I were to speak to you of a country called Sakartvelo, would you know where I meant BEFORE revising it? Be honest! :) Celt 29-01-06

Germanic and Nordic
Isn't having Nordic superfluous as the North Germanic languages are a branch of the Germanic language branch?
 * I think it is. I removed it. Kpalion 01:42, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

Merge from Grad (geography)
The contents of that article don't significantly add to or differentiate themselves from this one. Any objections to merging? —Michael Z. 2006-09-22 02:15 Z
 * I have no objections. Merge away. Radagast83 23:52, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

Move
When searching for references I found almost nothing for "Gord" so Imoved this article to "Grad (Slavic settlement)" as I found several references for the usage in the correct context. Jeepday (talk) 04:24, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

 * In that case, shouldn't most of the numerous occurrences of "gord" in the text also be changed to "grad"?--Kotniski (talk) 18:04, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

 * In fact, I find this article reads rather strangely. I can't decide whether it's about some specific type of fortified settlement, or about this particular set of related Slavic words. Are there some unique architectural features shared by the Lusatian and the much later Slavic grads, or is it just that they happen to be referred to by the same names in Slavic languages? --Kotniski (talk) 18:12, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

Gord or Grad?
The title of the article is Grad. In the text we read, however: "A typical gord was a group of wooden houses ... ", many times. Should not the title and the term used in the article coincide? --Jidu Boite (talk) 14:02, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Yes (the article used to be titled "gord" - it probably wasn't rewritten when the title was changed).--Kotniski (talk) 19:34, 3 May 2010 (UTC)

Armenian cognate
As far as I know, there are numerous cities in Armenia having the suffix of -kerta. Is this a Slavic loan, or is this a PIE cognate? (Slavic loan is rather improbable, as the Armenians built towns long time before the Slavs, at least 500 years). --Jidu Boite (talk) 14:05, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
 * No idea (might be best to ask at pages dealing with Armenian topics). (Though the fact that they built towns much earlier doesn't necessarily mean that those particular names - or even those particular towns - are older.)--Kotniski (talk) 19:37, 3 May 2010 (UTC)

Slavs don't have any "armenian" loans. It is purest occult, nationalistic nonsense. Slavs have with Armenians so much in common as have current Germans with culture or language of Zimbabwe.

Plural form
Is the plural form of this word grody? If so, it should be mentioned in the title and a redirect created. --Bermicourt (talk) 20:07, 2 April 2012 (UTC)

There was no term such as "germanic" Gard or Grad - it came from Slavic Gard
Gard was old Slavic (especially Baltic, pre germanic (Venetic Slavic Wagrian; or "Variag") name of the Grad. But generally the word represented a root for many other things; Other transliteration was Gorod or Grad.

Grad / Gard / Gorod: castle, city and also a place. Ograd: "around"/rounded place (gardens) ograda; fence (around the gardens, around the castle: grad) graditi: "to build" ; zgraditi; to built (to finish it). Vgraditi; to build into. ograditi: "to build (around)" surround it with buildings, to bar in: fence, wall... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.182.116.61 (talk) 07:24, 8 May 2013 (UTC)

de-PROD
I've reverted the good faithed PROD of the article. While I agree there's definitely some problems with original research in the article, the term or its variants is used in English literature. It's not a Polish neologism as then the word would be "grod" not "gord". Actually, that might be a better title, for example see here: .Volunteer Marek (talk) 17:11, 4 April 2014 (UTC)

Another example .Volunteer Marek (talk) 17:13, 4 April 2014 (UTC)
 * The current title is certainly problematic. I suggest renaming to Slavic fortified village (cf. de:Slawischer Burgwall). --Ghirla-трёп- 05:26, 5 April 2014 (UTC)

 * The basic difficulty is that all Slavic languages have some form of the word, so picking one sort of "privileges" one language over others. So I understand the logic behind the suggestion (it's also why I think the article was begun under "Gord" which is supposedly the proto-Slavic form). However, I think the word "village" in there is a bit misleading. Some of these fortified places were quite large. Maybe just "Slavic fort"? Volunteer Marek (talk) 06:07, 5 April 2014 (UTC)
 * I have no problem with Slavic fort. The article Slavic dragon is named as it is for the same reasons. --Ghirla-трёп- 06:58, 5 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the sources. I think the our concern is not language neutrality as much as usage and understanding. That is, as wikipedians, it is not our jobs to coin terms, or decide what they should be. Rather we should use the ones in common usage, and I think with a bias towards current scholarly work, at the same time to avoid wikipedia from being first, we shouldn't change terms as soon as an academic coins a better one. That being said, I think the problems with the article are the focus on language. What makes a gord different from any other of it's counterparts, except from being slavic? Presumably, there are other burgwalls? Although this seems to imply that simply burgwall implies Slavicness. Anyway, I don't see what makes it different from any other hill fort or burg. Of course, in the context of archaeology, hillforts are iron age settlements not any fort on a hill, and in fact, are not always on hills. So the terms themselves should not be given too much emphasis. Tinynanorobots (talk) 16:27, 22 April 2014 (UTC)

This article has two major issues, both stemming from total lack of reliable citations (refs about words I don't count). One: I suspect heavy original research, two: a big chunk of etymology does not belong here. Staszek Lem (talk) 17:07, 22 April 2014 (UTC)

Title
Is gord used as an English word in even a single source? I can’t find any of these versions in the OED. I understand the desire for a neutral or ancestral name, but we can’t just make up a name for the subject if it is not in use.

Encyclopedia of Ukraine has an article Horod: Horod or hrad. A fortified settlement in Kyivan Rus’.” —Michael Z. 04:35, 25 January 2023 (UTC)

 * I just had a short discussion with ChatGPT:

 * Q: what is the most common name for a slavic walled town
 * A: The most common name for a Slavic walled town is "kremlin." A kremlin is typically a fortified central complex found in historic Russian cities. The word "kremlin" comes from the Russian word "kreml," which means "fortress."
 * Q: what is the most common name in academic sources for a small Slavic fortified village
 * A: The most common name used in academic sources for a small Slavic fortified village is "grad." "Grad" is a Slavic word that means "fortified town" or "castle." This type of village would have been fortified for protection against invaders and would have typically been located in a strategically important area.
 * Q: what other names are there for this?
 * A:In addition to "grad," other names for a small Slavic fortified village include:
 * "gorodok" (Russian), which means "small town"
 * "grod" (Polish), which also means "fortress"
 * "gradina" (Bulgarian) and "gradiste" (Serbian), which also mean "fortified ::* town"
 * "krepost" (Russian), which means "fortress"
 * "tvrđava" (Croatian) and "tvrđavica" (Serbian), which mean "fortress"
 * "sadyba" (Ukrainian), which means "small fortification"
 * It's worth noting that depending on the Slavic language, different words might be used to describe different types of fortifications, such as castle, fortress, or stronghold.
 * Q: In English, which is the most common name for this out of gord, grad, gorod, horod, hrad, gorodok, horodok?
 * A: Out of the list of names provided, "grad" is the most commonly used term in English academic sources to refer to a small Slavic fortified village. "Gord" is also used but it is less common, the rest of the names are not commonly used in English academic sources, and may be more commonly used in specific Slavic languages.
 * Q: are any others nearly as common as grad?
 * A: "Gorod" (Russian) is also used in English academic sources to refer to a small Slavic fortified village, but not as commonly as "grad". "Gorodok" is also a term that is used but it's less common than "grad" and "gorod". "Hrad" is used specifically for fortified towns in Czech and Slovak, while "horod" and "horodok" are used more in Ukrainian and Belorussian.
 * It's worth noting that the name used may depend on the specific historical context and location of the fortified village being discussed, as well as the preference of the author or researcher.
 * We have yet to see how reliable this is, but one can construct much more focussed queries more easily than with Google Ngram. And never mind raw searches in Google Books or Scholar. —Michael Z. 04:39, 25 January 2023 (UTC)

Does the word gord even exist?
It should not be difficult to trace how it appeared in english. Do scientific papers use it? Who introduced it? How was it built? It looks english but apparently isn't. Spending half the article discussing IE cognates is pointless, all the more since the word itself is of questionable existence, 161.230.125.227 (talk) 14:02, 25 July 2023 (UTC)

Etymology section
In the etymology section of this article, the Belarusian (first in the list) is written in Cyrillic, while all others, latin-based languages nonwithstanding, are written in a romanization. Why is this? Thegkz (talk) 12:23, 9 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gord (archaeology)


text:
Khevsureti

Khevsureti (Georgian: ხევსურეთი, a land of valleys) is a historical-ethnographic region in eastern Georgia. Khevsurs are the branch of Kartvelian (Georgian) people located along both the northern (Pirikita khevsureti, პირიქითა ხევსურეთი) and southern (Piraketa khevsureti, პირაქეთა ხევსურეთი) slopes of the Great Caucasus Mountains. By the conventional definition of the Europe-Asia boundary as following the watershed of the Greater Caucasus, Khevsureti is geographically a European part of Georgia.

Geography
Comprising the small river valleys of the Migmakhevi, Shatili, Arkhoti and the Aragvi, the province borders with Ingushetia and Chechnya and is included in the present-day Dusheti Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti region. Khevsureti, with the area of approximately 405.3 square miles (1050 km²), is traversed by the main crest of the Greater Caucasus Range, dividing the province in two unequal parts. Pirikita Khevsureti ("thither") is a larger one, with the area of c. 565 km², while Piraketa Khevsureti ("hither") occupies 428 km². The largest villages are Barisakho and Shatili.

Ethnography
The territory of Khevsureti, together with the neighboring area of Pshavi, was known to medieval writers under the joint designation Pkhovi or in the Georgian language: ფხოვი. Chronicler Leonti Mroveli mentions that after the conversion of the King Mirian III of Iberia and the Queen Nana into Christianity in the early 4th century, St. Nino continued to preach among Georgian highlanders (მთიულნი, mtiulni) including Pkhovi.

Medieval Georgia was never able to establish a typical feudal system. The civil code of the community remained based on the ancient traditions and values. Children of the noble families and lords were brought up by the families of peasants (გლეხი, glekhi) who were known for their wisdom and human qualities. These people introduced youth to their culture, history, traditions and all aspects of human knowledge and experiences based on Christian Orthodox values. (See Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church)

Historically, Georgian highlander communities enjoyed a degree of autonomy. Khevsurs never accepted local lords; they elected their leaders or Khevisberi (ხევისბერი, elder) and council of elders and submitted themselves only to the monarch (see List of the Kings of Georgia). They were exceptional warriors with traditional Georgian qualities of courage, openness and honesty, fraternity, independence and love of freedom, who were often promoted as royal bodyguards. Kings regarded them as reliable guardians of the Caucasus Mountains and the northern border of the kingdom. In the battles Khevsurs wore flags adorned with crosses and considered themselves permanent members of the army of the sacred flags and guardians of Georgian Kings.

A story first popularized by Russian serviceman and ethnographer Arnold Zisserman, who spent 25 years (1842–67) during Russian expansion in the Caucasus (see Georgia within the Russian Empire), suggests that these Georgian highlanders were descendants of the last European Crusaders. He claimed that their folk culture – the material, social, and religious practices – resembled those of the Crusaders. Although Zisserman claims to have arrived at the speculation himself and is often credited with the idea, this theory appears in earlier sources and was a popular story among non-Georgians in Tbilisi. The claim that any historical evidence indicates that Khevsurs may have descended from crusaders has been thoroughly discredited, and Georgian scholars have universally derided the story.

Zisserman also writes that 'concerning their origin the Khevsurs have preserved a tradition: they consider a certain man by the name of Gudaneli as their first ancestor. He was a peasant vassal of a landlord in Kakheti, and to escape punishment for some crime which he had committed, he found refuge in the Pshav village of Apsho. From his two sons, Arabuli and Chinchara, originated the family of Arabuli, consisting of 320 homes, and the family of Chincharauli, with 210 homes.' American traveler Richard Halliburton (1900–1939) saw and recorded the customs of the Khevsur tribe in 1935.

The Khevsur men, dressed in chain mail and armed with broadswords, wore garments full of decoration made up of crosses and icons, which served as a means of protection according to Christianity which Georgia adopted early in 4th century. Greek historian Herodotus (c. 484 – c. 425 BC) notes that the Caucasian highlanders of that time, were brilliant knitters and embroiders of their dress or Chokha, which wore out but never faded from frequent usage. Young girls started knitting at the age of 6-7, but men studying and military training, because according to their tradition women were deprived from education and higher social status. They had a strict system of physical training in martial arts preserved as a Khridoli martial art, and which is a part of the rich Georgian military tradition.

Khevsur dances also preserved in the national dances as a warrior dance Khevsuruli.

Religion
Their religion is a unique mixture of Georgian Orthodox Christianity and pre-Christian cults. They worship sacred places locally known as jvari (“cross’), khati (“icon”) or salotsavi (“sanctuary”). Aside from their religious character, these were the sites where the locals discussed and decided common matters such as raids against enemies, peace-making, appeals of various characters, etc. Even during the Soviet period, with its harsh restrictions against any religious activities, each year the Georgian highlanders gathered with a group of elder Orthodox Christian priests and performed their traditional rituals.

Historical population figures
As of the 1873 census, Khevsureti had the population of 4,872. By 1926, the population shrank to 3,885.

Figures from the Russian imperial census of 1873 given in Dr. Gustav Radde's Die Chews'uren und ihr Land — ein monographischer Versuch untersucht im Sommer 1876 (published by Cassel in 1878) divide the villages of Khevsureti into eight communities:

 * the Barisakho community: 16 villages, 298 households, consisting of 723 men and 718 women, totalling 1,441 souls
 * the Guli community: 8 villages, 162 households, consisting of 335 men and 356 women, totalling 691 souls
 * the Roshka community: 7 villages, 145 households, consisting of 335 men and 315 women, totalling 648 souls
 * the Batsaligo community: 9 villages, 131 households, consisting of 296 men and 288 women, totalling 584 souls
 * the Akhieli community: 5 villages, 111 households, consisting of 273 men and 240 women, totalling 513 souls
 * the Shatili community: 5 villages, 121 households, consisting of 252 men and 272 women, totalling 524 souls
 * the Ardoti community: 3 villages, 86 households, consisting of 198 men and 249 women, totalling 447 souls
 * the Tolaant-Sopeli community: 8 villages, 197 households, consisting of 555 men and 593 women, totalling 1,148 souls

1873 TOTAL: 61 villages, 1,251 households, consisting of 2,967 men and 3,029 women, in all 5,996 souls.

These figures can be compared with those given in Sergi Makalatia's Khevsureti (Komunistis Stamba, Tbilisi: 1935; in Georgian):

 * the Barisakho community: 14 villages, 241 households, consisting of 467 men and 539 women, totalling 1,006 souls
 * the Batsaligo community: 19 villages, 291 households, consisting of 547 men and 639 women, totalling 1,186 souls
 * the Shatili community: 12 villages, 233 households, consisting of 528 men and 572 women, totalling 1,100 souls
 * the Arkhoti (Akhieli) community: 3 villages, 78 households, consisting of 123 men and 133 women, totalling 256 souls

1935(?) TOTAL: 43 villages, 769 households, consisting of 1,492 men and 1,668 women, in all 3,160 souls.

There are, of course, many reasons for which a comparison of these two censuses would be a tricky and to some extent pointless exercise. For what it is worth, however, such a comparison does confirm a process of rural exodus during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries whereby the Khevsurs seem to have abandoned isolated or higher-altitude settlements and moved down-valley to live in villages benefiting from more clement climatic conditions (or perhaps even to live in towns further afield).

Although these figures must of course be taken with a pinch of salt (in the sense that they are based upon data whose reliability is unproven and debatable to say the least), a comparison between the two years (1873 and 1935) reveals
 * a 14 per cent drop in the average number of men per household;
 * an 8 per cent drop in the average number of women per household;
 * an 8 per cent drop in the average number of households (families) per village;
 * a 19 per cent drop in the average number of inhabitants per village; and
 * a 35 per cent decrease in the region's total population (with more isolated regions losing more inhabitants e.g. the Shatili community 42% and the Akhieli community 50% than the others lower down the valleys).

Migration
Some disobedience offered by the Khevsurs to the Soviet ideology was a reason for obligatory migration to the plain initiated by the government in 1951. As a result, many high-mountainous villages were deserted. Economic hardship of the last two decades also increased a tendency towards migration.

Traditions
Like other mountainous areas of Georgia, Khevsureti is characterized by a great diversity of traditions and customs. Khevsurs speak a local dialect of the Georgian language that resembles the literary Georgian of the Middle Ages and retain many of their ancient traditions including elements of folk ritual. The institution of the Blood feud was still alive in the twentieth century.

Khevsur music also resembles that of Georgia in the Middle Ages. Khevsureti is famous for its Medieval ballads and folk music.

The traditional costume of Khevsureti includes a male upper garment called the Perangi. While this bears some resemblance to the classic Georgian Chokha, it is shorter and trapezoidal in shape and features a more powerful color balance and a greater use of cruciform decorative motifs.

The architecture of Khevsureti is mostly highly fortified and defensive in character, featuring a profusion of towers clinging to the mountainsides, signifying constant vigilance in the face of enemy attack. The Khevsurs were renowned for their warfare with the (mostly Muslim) peoples of the Northern Caucasus including the Chechens, the Kists, and the many peoples of Dagestan. Due to the geographic, ethnic and religious complexity and lack of industrialization in the Greater Caucasus, it was a common occurrence for the tribes of the North Caucasus to attack and rob mountain-dwelling Georgians. Well-known Georgian poet Vazha Pshavela described the warfare of the Khevsurs in his poems. One of the most famous of these is Aluda Ketelauri, the eponymous hero of which is a Khevsur youth, famous for his bravery and warrior skills. One day, after the Khevsur village of Shatili, where he lived, had been invaded by the Kists (historical name for the Nakh peoples), Aluda followed the invaders and killed both of the robbers. However, after killing the 'Kist' called Mussah, Aluda began to weep, mourning for the warrior, in recognition of his bravery and dedication to his Muslim faith. When Aluda returned to Shatili he confessed to the villagers his admiration for the 'Kist' hero who had proved such a worthy adversary, but they were shocked at this praising of a 'pagan' and ended by condemning Aluda and expelling him from the community.

The Encyclopædia Britannica reported in 1911 that many curious customs still prevailed among the Khevsurs, as for instance the imprisonment of the woman during childbirth in a lonely hut, round which the husband parades, firing off his musket at intervals. After delivery, food was surreptitiously brought to the mother, who was kept in her prison a month, after which the hut was burnt. One of the more striking features of the traditional cultures of Khevsureti was the premarital relationship known as sts’orproba (or ts'ats'loba as it is known in Pshavi). A young couple could lie together during the night with a sword placed between them. Sexual intercourse between the pair was strictly forbidden. Any man who breached this rule was condemned to death.

Even in recent past a place called Anatori ossuary was used by gravely sick Khevsurs: to save their families they used to set out to that place and meet their end in seclusion, keeping their kinfolk safe from the calamities of sweeping epidemic and mortal disease. The warlike character of Khevsurs influenced some historians to the point that they were inclined to relate this tribe of the Georgian highlanders to the Crusaders; but the decisive point, of course, was the presence of the images of the cross in the national attire of the Khevsurs. Along with their bellicose history and experience, they have also a custom of the opposite peaceful nature and ethics: if a young girl or a woman throws her kerchief between the fighting Khevsurs, it signals her order to stop the combat and the men always obey the lady’s interference.

Dozens of fortifications, sanctuaries and churches are scattered across the province. Chief of these are the Khakhmati fortress, Akhieli fortress, Lebaiskari fortress, Mutso fortress, Shatili fortifications, Gudani Cross, and the Anatori Cross.

title: Khevsureti


text:
Menace to Sobriety (OPM album)

Menace to Sobriety is the debut studio album by American rock group OPM. It was released in August 2000 via Atlantic Records, and was re-released on September 8, 2015 as part of its 15-year anniversary. There is also a clean version of the album, which removes most of the profanities used on the explicit version and any drug references.

The album spawned three charted singles and music videos for: "Heaven Is a Halfpipe" (which also reached #68 in Triple J's Hottest 100 for the year 2000 in Australia), "El Capitan" and "Stash Up".

B-sides

 * 1) "Space People" - 3:45 (from Heaven Is a Halfpipe CD single)
 * 2) "Group Therapy" - 2:20 (from Heaven Is a Halfpipe CD single)
 * 3) "El Capitan (SoulChild Remix)" - 3:37 (from El Capitan CD single)
 * 4) "Undercover Freak (007 Version)" (from El Capitan CD single)
 * 5) "Stash Up (Funk Food Remix)" (from Stash Up Maxi single)
 * 6) "Heaven Is A Halfpipe (Original Demo)" - 4:21 (from Stash Up Maxi single)

Personnel

 * OPM – producers (tracks: 1, 4, 6–8, 10, 12, 14), co-producers (track 9) , art direction & design
 * Matthew Meschery – vocals (tracks: 1, 3-10, 12, 14), keyboards (tracks: 7, 8, 10) , programming (tracks: 1, 8)
 * John Edney – vocals (tracks: 1, 3-10, 12, 14), cover, illustration
 * Geoff "Casper" Turney – guitar (tracks: 1, 3-10, 12, 14)
 * Ronald Keys Jr. – scratches (tracks: 4, 8, 14)
 * Additional musicians

 * James Kevin Dotson – vocals (tracks: 5–7, 12), bass (tracks: 1, 4, 6, 7, 12, 14) , guitar (tracks: 1, 3, 5–7, 9, 12, 14) , keyboards (track 14)
 * Angelo Moore – vocals (tracks: 7, 12), saxophone (track 12)
 * Asdru Sierra – vocals & horns (track 8)
 * Ulises Bella – vocals & horns (track 8)
 * Miguel Ángel Huidobro Preciado – vocals (track 8)
 * Brady Willmon – vocals (track 10), beatboxing (track 14)
 * Garry Hughes – keyboards & drum programming (tracks: 3, 5, 9), producer (track 15) , co-producer (tracks: 3. 5. 9)
 * Nat Gleason – piano (track 3), keyboards (tracks: 4, 12)
 * Eric Avery – guitar (track 1)
 * Josh Deutsch – guitar (tracks: 3, 5), bass (track 3) , drum programming (tracks: 3, 5, 9) , producer (tracks: 3, 5, 9, 15)
 * Rusty Anderson – guitar (track 3)
 * David Rainger – guitar & bass (track 5)
 * David Mansfield – pedal steel guitar (track 9)
 * Sean E Demott – guitar (track 10), bass (tracks: 8, 10)
 * Melvin Gibbs – bass (tracks: 3, 9)
 * Leslie Van Trease – drums (tracks: 6, 7, 9, 12, 14)
 * Michael Patterson – drum programming (tracks: 3, 5), programming (tracks: 1, 4, 6, 10, 12) , producer (tracks: 1, 2, 4, 6–8, 10-14) , co-producer (track 5) , engineering (tracks: 3, 5, 8, 9) , mixing (tracks: 3, 4, 8, 9, 12) , recording (tracks: 1, 4, 6–8, 12, 14)
 * Alan Friedman – drum programming (track 3)
 * Ryan Boesch – programming (tracks: 8, 10)
 * Mike Pandos – percussion (track 7)
 * Jiro Yamaguchi – percussion (track 8)
 * Daniel Deutsch – harmonica (track 5)
 * Dylan Ramos – beatboxing (track 14)
 * Paige Taite – beatboxing (track 14)
 * Malcolm Michiles – scratches (tracks: 3, 5, 15)
 * Craig Kallman – producer (tracks: 3, 5, 9)
 * Samuel Vaughan Merrick IV – engineering (tracks: 3, 5, 9)
 * Jeff Moleski – engineering (track 5), additional recording (tracks: 7, 12)
 * David Kahne – mixing (track 5)
 * Stephen Marcussen – mastering
 * Stewart Whitmore – digital editor
 * Thomas Bricker – art direction & design
 * Kristin J. Klosterman – photography
 * Sean Murphy – photography
 * Cindy Hartman – A&R coordinator
 * Kevin Williams – A&R
 * Kevin Williams – A&R

title: Menace to Sobriety (OPM album)


text: User talk:69.209.23.55

title: User talk:69.209.23.55


text:
Chinese Taipei at the 1988 Summer Olympics

The Republic of China competed as Chinese Taipei at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. 61 competitors, including 43 men and 18 women, took part in 84 events in 13 sports.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Archery
Chinese Taipei entered three men and three women in the archery competition. The women fared much better than the men in the individual competition, but the men's team was able to advance to the final whereas the women were eliminated in the semifinal.

Women's Individual Competition:
 * Lai Fang-Mei – Semifinal (→ 12th place)
 * Liu Pi-Yu – Quarterfinal (→ 15th place)
 * Chin Chiu-Yueh – Preliminary Round (→ 27th place)

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Hu Pei-Wen – Preliminary Round (→ 31st place)
 * Yen Man-Sung – Preliminary Round (→ 42nd place)
 * Chiu Ping-Kun – Preliminary Round (→ 45th place)

Women's Team Competition:
 * Lai, Liu, and Chin – Semifinal (→ 11th place)

Men's Team Competition:
 * Hu, Yen, and Chiu – Final (→ 7th place)

Athletics
Men's Long Jump
 * Nai Hui-Fang
 * Qualification — 7.45m (→ did not advance)

Men's Decathlon
 * Lee Fu-an — 7517 points (→ 25th place)
 * 100 metres — 11.00s
 * Long Jump — 7.23m
 * Shot Put — 13.15m
 * High Jump — 2.03m
 * 400 metres — 49.73s
 * 110m Hurdles — 14.96s
 * Discus Throw — 38.06m
 * Pole Vault — 4.50m
 * Javelin Throw — 52.82m
 * 1.500 metres — 4:45.57s

Women's 4 × 100 m Relay
 * Chang Fen-Hwa, Chen Wen-Ing, Chen Ya-Li, and Wang Shu-Hwa
 * Heat — 46.21 (→ did not advance)

Women's Heptathlon
 * Hsu Hui-Ing
 * Final Result — 5290 points (→ 23rd place)

Boxing
Men's Light Flyweight (– 48 kg)
 * Liu Hsin-Hung
 * First Round — Bye
 * Second Round — Lost to Thomas Chisenga (Zambia), 1:4

Cycling
Three cyclists, two men and one woman, represented Chinese Taipei in 1988.

 * Men's road race
 * Hsu Jui-te

 * Men's sprint
 * Lee Fu-hsiang

 * Men's 1 km time trial
 * Lee Fu-hsiang

 * Men's points race
 * Hsu Jui-te

 * Women's road race
 * Yang Hsiu-chen

 * Women's sprint
 * Yang Hsiu-chen

Fencing
Two fencers, both men, represented Chinese Taipei in 1988.

 * Men's foil
 * Wang San-Tsai
 * Yan Wing-Shean

 * Men's épée
 * Wang San-Tsai

 * Men's sabre
 * Yan Wing-Shean

Modern pentathlon
Two male pentathletes represented Chinese Taipei in 1988.

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Li King-Ho — 4682pts (→ 44th place)
 * Chuang Tang-Fa — 4435pts (→ 54th place)

Men's Team Competition:
 * Li, and Chuang — 9117pts (→ 20th place)

Swimming
Men's 50 m Freestyle
 * Chiang Chi-Li
 * Heat – 25.26 (→ did not advance, 51st place)

Men's 100 m Freestyle
 * Chiang Chi-Li
 * Heat – 55.87 (→ did not advance, 63rd place)

Men's 200 m Freestyle
 * Wu Ming-Hsun
 * Heat – 2:00.43 (→ did not advance, 55th place)

Men's 400 m Freestyle
 * Wu Ming-Hsun
 * Heat – 4:06.66 (→ did not advance, 40th place)

Men's 1500 m Freestyle
 * Wu Ming-Hsun
 * Heat – 15:59.74 (→ did not advance, 33rd place)

Men's 100 m Breaststroke
 * Tsai Hsin-Yen
 * Heat – 1:04.58 (→ did not advance, 24th place)

Men's 200 m Breaststroke
 * Tsai Hsin-Yen
 * Heat – 2:23.80 (→ did not advance, 33rd place)

Men's 200 m Individual Medley Women's 50 m Freestyle
 * Tsai Hsin-Yen
 * Heat – 2:17.95 (→ did not advance, 49th place)
 * Chiang Chi-li
 * Heat – 2:18.76 (→ did not advance, 51st place)
 * Wang Chi
 * Heat – 28.73 (→ did not advance, 41st place)
 * Sabrina Lum
 * Heat – 28.82 (→ did not advance, 42nd place)

Women's 100 m Freestyle
 * Wang Chi
 * Heat – 1:01.72 (→ did not advance, 46th place)
 * Sabrina Lum
 * Heat – 1:02.11 (→ did not advance, 48th place)

Women's 200 m Freestyle
 * Chang Hui-Chien
 * Heat – 2:11.50 (→ did not advance, 38th place)

Women's 100 m Backstroke
 * Wang Chi
 * Heat – 1:09.56 (→ did not advance, 32nd place)

Women's 200 m Backstroke
 * Wang Chi
 * Heat – 2:36.60 (→ did not advance, 31st place)

Women's 100 m Breaststroke
 * Carwai Seto
 * Heat – 1:15.47 (→ did not advance, 32nd place)
 * Chen Yu-Fang
 * Heat – 1:20.95 (→ did not advance, 39th place)

Women's 200 m Breaststroke
 * Carwai Seto
 * Heat – 2:42.31 (→ did not advance, 35th place)
 * Chen Yu-Fang
 * Heat – 2:50.84 (→ did not advance, 41st place)

Women's 100 m Butterfly
 * Chang Hui-Chien
 * Heat – 1:07.36 (→ did not advance, 32nd place)

Women's 200 m Butterfly
 * Chang Hui-Chien
 * Heat – 2:25.50 (→ did not advance, 25th place)

Women's 200 m Individual Medley
 * Carwai Seto
 * Heat – 2:27.72 (→ did not advance, 28th place)
 * Chen Yu-Fang
 * Heat – 2:35.11 (→ did not advance, 33rd place)

Women's 400 m Individual Medley
 * Chang Hui-Chien
 * Heat – 5:13.20 (→ did not advance, 27th place)
 * Chen Yu-Fang
 * Heat – 5:28.15 (→ did not advance, 30th place)

Women's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay
 * Wang Chi, Sabrina Lum, Carwai Seto, and Chang Hui-Chien
 * Heat – 4:09.84 (→ did not advance, 15th place)

Women's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay
 * Wang Chi, Carwai Seto, Chang Hui-Chien, and Chen Yu-Fang
 * Heat – 4:39.49 (→ did not advance, 16th place)


text:
Nicollet Island

Nicollet Island is an island in the Mississippi River just north of Saint Anthony Falls in central Minneapolis, Minnesota. According to the United States Census Bureau the island has a land area of 194407 m2 and a 2000 census population of 144 persons. The island makes up a large part of the city-designated Nicollet Island/East Bank neighborhood. The island is named for cartographer Joseph Nicollet, who mapped the Upper Mississippi in the 1830s.

The island lies in the middle of the Mississippi, crossed by the Hennepin Avenue Bridge connecting Downtown and Northeast Minneapolis. The island is so near to Saint Anthony Falls that if the northward movement of the falls had not been stopped in the late 19th century, the island would no longer exist. In the early 19th century Nicollet Island was one of six islands near the falls, but all the others have been destroyed or joined to the east bank.

The island was the site of the first bridge across the Mississippi River, opened in 1855, on the site of the present Hennepin Avenue Bridge. It is part of Saint Anthony Falls Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

First people
Before the arrival of European settlers, the Minneapolis region was inhabited by the Sioux (Dakota) and Ojibwe people, to whom Saint Anthony Falls was a sacred site. The Sioux used the island as a birthing place, and according to their oral tradition for ceremonies such as the vision quest and as a neutral meeting site.

European-American settlement
Nicollet Island and the rest of the area of the falls were opened to settlement in 1838. Several settlers tried to obtain the best land near the falls, of whom Fort Snelling's sutler, Franklin Steele, took the best part of the east bank including Nicollet Island. He purchased the land for $1.25 per acre, which comes to about $60 for the island. After Steele obtained proper title to his land in 1848, he turned his energies to building a sawmill at Saint Anthony Falls to cut lumber from upriver, which began operations in September 1848. He built a dam on the east channel of the river between Nicollet Island and Hennepin Island. Steele platted the townsite of St. Anthony, which became a large city before merging with Minneapolis in 1872, on the east bank of the river. In 1848, Steele started a ferry across the river on the present site of the Hennepin Avenue Bridge.

In 1849 the first house was built on the island, for John Wesley and Ann Loomis North. Over the 1850s and early 1860s, more houses were built on the island, including several built by Franklin C. Griswold (some of which are extant, Griswold's own at 163 Nicollet Street). The island remained thickly covered with trees, and was described as a picturesque location frequented by lovers. A bridge was built between Nicollet Island and the east bank, and in 1854, Minneapolis and St. Anthony decided to build a bridge across the river. The suspension bridge that was built was the first ever to cross the Mississippi, and it opened with festivities on 23 January 1855. It was a toll bridge, originally charging 5 cents per pedestrian and 25 cents per team. The bridge was unsound and had limited capacity: photographs show signs that warned of fines for crossing too fast. The bridge brought the two communities closer together, leading to St. Anthony's later merge with Minneapolis.

Late 19th century
Extensive development of the island began after it was bought by William W. Eastman and John L. Merriam in 1865. In 1866, Eastman and Merriam tried to sell the island to the city of Minneapolis, to be a park, but the proposal was rejected in a referendum. Eastman and Merriam began building mills on the south side of the island and the Eastman tunnel, and residential buildings on the north side. The Eastman tunnel extended from Nicollet Island to the south end of Saint Anthony Falls via Hennepin Island. The tunnel collapsed in 1869, and almost destroyed Saint Anthony Falls. The fix was a concrete dike (wall) built by the Corps of Engineers  just upstream from the falls all the way across the river from just under the limestone cap down as much as 40 feet (12 m). After the failure of the tunnel, Eastman built a system of turbines at the falls and overhead cables to provide hydropower to factories on the south end of the island, including the Island Power Building (razed in 1937, it contained a variety of shops), a plant of the Cedar Lake Ice Company, and the Island Sash and Door Company (now the Nicollet Island Inn).

Eastman had his relatives and friends build their houses on the island, and built the Eastman and Grove Street Flats. Eastman's efforts lead many of the city's Gilded Age wealthy to live on the island, in the later decades of the 19th century. In 1876, a replacement suspension bridge across the Mississippi was opened. In 1867 the first railway bridge across the Mississippi in Minneapolis was built, separating the industrial south of the island and the residential north, as the Minneapolis BNSF Rail Bridge (an 1893 replacement) still does.

In 1893, northeast Minneapolis was devastated by one of the most damaging fires in Minneapolis history, which started on Nicollet Island. In 1900 Lasallian Brothers started DeLaSalle High School on the island.

Early 20th century
From the 1910s, Nicollet Island and the rest of the Gateway District declined, and the flats and houses on Nicollet Island were subdivided to create cheaper housing. The island became a poor neighbourhood, owned by a few landlords, who provided little maintenance to its residential buildings. The family of Morris Lerner came to own much of the island, and ran the Island Grocery there. The Lerners were described as generous by sometime tenants and ran their store at a loss, but were described as slumlords by disgruntled tenants and the city newspapers. During the 1960s, David Lerner entered into a long and public dispute with Nicollet Island residents who formed a tenants union. The tenants picketed outside his store and his home on Cedar Lake, and in response Lerner told a newspaper that his tenants were either "nice ones" or "pigs", citing the poor condition his tenants left his properties in. In the 1940s, the iconic Grain Belt Beer sign was erected on the island, at the time one of the largest neon signs in the country. DeLaSalle expanded over the 20th century, demolishing and building on the site of the Eastman Flats. It became a college preparatory school, and went coeducational in 1971 by absorbing a Catholic girls' school.

Late 20th century
Starting in the 1950s, northern downtown was redeveloped by the city and state government, which made numerous plans to redevelop the island. Most proposals involved razing the historic buildings of the island, and in many cases replacing them with new buildings such as high-rise apartments. In addition to various housing developments, proposals included a parking lot, an amusement park, a "historic village", and a conservation museum. City agencies favored using the island to increase recreational space near Downtown. Island residents resisted any change. In the 1970s, the island became a concern of preservationists and was included with the rest of the Saint Anthony Falls district on the National Register of Historic Places.

In the 1970s the Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board made plans to make most of the island into an open area, which initially called for razing the buildings on the island, citing the cost of restoration and the value of a larger park near Downtown. In 1979 the Park Board began acquiring large parts of the island with funds from the Metropolitan Council, with a plan that would keep only the houses on the west side of the island, making the east side an open space, and keeping only the Island Sash and Door Company among the island's other buildings. Because of the concerns of preservationists and residents, a further compromise redevelopment plan was made, and finalised in 1983. Following this plan, the Park Board restored the homes on the island and now owns them, but the previous residents were allowed to remain with 99-year leases despite the high cost of restoration. The controversies resurfaced when DeLaSalle tried to build a football field, which only went ahead after a ruling by the Minnesota Court of Appeals in 2007.

Architecture
DeLaSalle High School, a Catholic, preparatory high school, and the Nicollet Island Inn are located on the island, as well as three multi-family residential buildings and twenty-two restored Victorian-era houses on the north end of the island. The Inn was built in 1893 as the Island Sash and Door Company, and was a Salvation Army men's shelter from 1913 to the 1970s.

The south end of the island is home to the Nicollet Island Pavilion event center and the Bell of Two Friends, a gift from the city of Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan. The pavilion was built in 1893 as the William Bros Boiler Works.

title: Nicollet Island


text:
Talk:Karin Stoiber

VfD
On April 12, 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. The result was keep. See Votes for deletion/Karin Stoiber for a record of the discussion. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 03:43, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Karin Stoiber

Stellst du den Artikel bitte wiederher. Unscheinbar hat ihn gelöscht, ich werde den Artikel dann in meinen Benutzernamensraum nehmen.--217.345.68.182 08:45, 11. Apr 2005 (CEST)

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benutzer_Diskussion:Dickbauch/Archiv8#Karin_Stoiber_2

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benutzer:Rhesos/Karin_Stoiber

Manfred Riebe 23:01, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Deleted link
I have once again deleted a link which in my opinion is really useless: All it says on the linked page (which is in German, btw) is that the entrance hall of a home for deaf people was named after Mrs. Stoiber. Even if it was in English, it would still be useless information.

Btw, you will hear a lot from the user "Mutter Erde" in the next few minutes, telling you and everybody who listens something about a guy called "Opa Skriptor" and how I am one of his sock-puppets. Just try to ignore Mutter Erde, she got banned from the German Wikipedia a long time ago, and for good reason. Oh, and I am sure that this user will not be able to explain why the link I just deleted is improving the article at all. She will just go on and on about "Opa Skriptor", a guy called "Manfred Riebe", how the administrators of the German Wikipedia will take over world respect and why she, the user "Mutter Erde" is choosen to save the world ;-))--Nodutschke 20:23, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Let´s have a look on Opa Skriptor ( the fun version of the Boss of wikipedia.de, originally de:Benutzer:Skriptor from Hamburg ( best known to Mr.Whales ,I´ve read :-) )

http://www.google.de/search?hl=de&ie=ISO-8859-1&q=Opa+Skriptor&btnG=Google-Suche&meta=

And now, let´s have a look on Nodutschke

http://www.google.de/search?hl=de&ie=ISO-8859-1&q=Nodutschke&btnG=Suche&meta=

The second link is interesting - but only for Germans, sorry.

http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benutzer_Diskussion:Elke_Philburn&action=history

Greetings MutterErde 20:46, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Didnt I say it? This user will not argue the point, he goes on and on about something he calls "Opa Skriptor"..... You cant do better, Mutter Erde?--Nodutschke 21:18, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Place of birth?
The place of birth differs between English and German WP. What's right? Bert -- 95.157.27.186 (talk) 00:19, 14 August 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20041210182617/http://www.stoiber.de/meinleben/12/cont_12 to http://www.stoiber.de/meinleben/12/cont_12

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title: Talk:Karin Stoiber


text:
Spain at the 1988 Summer Olympics

Spain competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. 229 competitors, 200 men and 29 women, took part in 130 events in 24 sports. At the closing ceremony, a short Catalan segment was performed on a part of the Olympic Stadium, as the country hosted the next Olympics in Barcelona.

As of 2020, this is the most recent time that Spain did not win at least eleven medals or three gold medals.

Medalists

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Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Archery
No member of the Spanish archery delegation advanced past the preliminary round.

Women's Individual Competition:
 * Teresa Valdés – Preliminary round, 57th place

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Antonio Vazquez – Preliminary Round (→ 32nd place)
 * Manuel Francisco Jiménez – Preliminary Round (→ 50th place)
 * Juan Carlos Holgado – Preliminary Round (→ 52nd place)

Men's Team Competition:
 * Vazquez, Jiménez, and Holgado – Preliminary Round (→ 17th place)

Athletics
Men's 10.000 metres
 * Antonio Prieto
 * First Round — 28:22.52
 * Final — 27:52.78 (→ 10th place)

 * Antonio Serrano
 * First Round — 29:01.13 (→ did not advance)

 * José Manuel Albentosa
 * First Round — did not finish (→ did not advance)

Men's Marathon
 * Alfonso Abellán
 * Final — 2:31:10 (→ 64th place)

 * Honorato Hernández
 * Final — DNF

Men's Long Jump
 * Antonio Corgos
 * Qualification — 7.88m
 * Final — 8.03m (→ 5th place)

Men's Decathlon
 * Antonio Peñalver — 7753 points (→ 23rd place)
 * 100 metres — 11.38s
 * Long Jump — 7.08m
 * Shot Put — 14.31m
 * High Jump — 2.00m
 * 400 metres — 50.24s
 * 110m Hurdles — 14.97s
 * Discus Throw — 46.34m
 * Pole Vault — 4.40m
 * Javelin Throw — 55.68m
 * 1.500 metres — 4:32.68s

Men's 20 km Walk
 * José Marín
 * Final — 1:20:34 (→ 4th place)

 * Daniel Plaza
 * Final — 1:21:53 (→ 12th place)

 * Ricardo Pueyo
 * Final — 1:23:40 (→ 23rd place)

Men's 50 km Walk
 * José Marín
 * Final — 3'43:03 (→ 5th place)

 * Jorge Llopart
 * Final — 3'48:09 (→ 13th place)

 * Manuel Alcalde
 * Final — 3'59:13 (→ 25th place)

Women's 4 × 400 m Relay
 * Blanca Lacambra, Esther Lahoz, Cristina Pérez, Maite Zuñiga
 * Heat — did not start (→ did not advance)

Women's 10.000 metres
 * Ana Isabel Alonso
 * Final — 32:40.50 (→ 25th place)

Men's tournament

 * Team roster

 * Group play

 * Quarterfinals

 * Classification round 5–8

 * Classification round 7/8

Boxing
Men's Light Flyweight (– 48 kg)
 * Antonio Caballero
 * First Round — Bye
 * Second Round — Lost to Dang Nieu Hu (VIE), RSC-2

Men's Flyweight (– 51 kg)
 * Bonifacio García
 * First Round — Lost to Nokuthula Tshabangu (ZIM), 1:4

Light Welterweight (– 63.5 kg)
 * Tomás Ruiz
 * First Round — Lost to Mark Elliot (GBR), 1:4

Men's Welterweight (– 67 kg)
 * Javier Martínez
 * First Round — Bye
 * Second Round — Win to Lucas Januario (MOZ), 5:0
 * Third Round — Lost to Adewale Adgebusi (NGA), 0:5

Heavyweight (– 91 kg)
 * José Ortega
 * First Round — Lost to Gyula Alvics (HUN), 0:5

Canoeing
Men's C-1 500 metres
 * Narcisco Suárez
 * Heat – 1st (heat-2)
 * Semifinal – 1:55.98
 * Final – 2:01.33 (→ 7th place)

Men's C-1 1000 metres
 * Francisco López
 * Heat – 4:16.02
 * Repechage; 4:22.34
 * Semifinal – 4:16.90 (→ did not advance)

Men's C-2 500 metres
 * Enrique Míguez and Narcisco Suárez
 * Heat – 1:48.75
 * Semifinal – 1:50.63 (→ did not advance)

Men's K-1 500 metres
 * Francisco Leal
 * Heat – 1:47.71
 * Semifinal – 1:46.93 (→ did not advance)

Men's K-1 1000 metres
 * José Reyes Rodríguez
 * Heat – 3:59.95
 * Repechage – 3:53.39
 * Semifinal – 3:48.35 (→ did not advance)

Men's K-2 500 metres
 * Fernando Fuentes and Juan Manuel Sánchez
 * Heat – 1:36.17
 * Repechage – 1:40.09
 * Semifinal – 1:36.22 (→ did not advance)

Men's K-2 1000 metres
 * Alberto Sánchez (canoeist) and Gregorio Vicente
 * Heat – 3:32.97
 * Repechage – 3:32.92 (→ did not advance)

Men's K-4 1000 metres
 * Juan Manuel Sánchez, Fernando Fuentes, Francisco Javier Álvarez, and Juan José Román
 * Heat – 3:06.96
 * Repechage – 3:16.79
 * Semifinal – 3:13.88 (→ did not advance)

Cycling
Thirteen cyclists, all male, represented Spain in 1988.

 * Men's road race
 * Eduardo Manrique
 * Gonzalo Aguiar
 * Iván Alemany

 * Men's team time trial
 * Javier Aldanondo
 * Javier Carbayeda
 * Arturo Gériz
 * José Rodríguez

 * Men's sprint
 * José Moreno

 * Men's 1 km time trial
 * Bernardo González

 * Men's individual pursuit
 * José Antonio Martiarena

 * Men's team pursuit
 * Bernardo González
 * Xavier Isasa
 * José Antonio Martiarena
 * Agustín Sebastiá

 * Men's points race
 * Antonio Salvador

Diving
Men's 3m Springboard
 * José Miguel Gil
 * Preliminary Round — 483.12 (→ did not advance, 25th place)

Men's 10m Springboard
 * Emilio Ratia
 * Preliminary Round — 425.73 (→ did not advance, 25th place)

Equestrianism

 * Equestrians
 * Luis Antonio Álvarez
 * Luis Astolfi
 * José Ramón Beca
 * Alfredo Fernández-Duran
 * Juan Diego García
 * Juan Félix Matute
 * Santiago de la Rocha
 * Pedro Sánchez

Fencing
Eight fencers, all men, represented Spain in 1988.

 * Men's foil
 * Andrés García
 * Jesús Esperanza

 * Men's épée
 * Ángel Fernández
 * Fernando de la Peña
 * Manuel Pereira

 * Men's team épée
 * Ángel Fernández, Oscar Fernández, Raúl Maroto, Fernando de la Peña, Manuel Pereira

 * Men's sabre
 * Antonio García

Gymnastics
Men's events
 * Alvaro Montesinos
 * Alfonso Rodríguez de Sadia
 * Miguel Ángel Rubio

Women's events
 * Núria Belchi
 * Lidia Castillejo
 * Nuria García
 * Manuela Hervás
 * Laura Muñoz
 * Eva María Rueda

Handball

 * Team roster
 * Juan Javier Cabanas
 * Jesús Ángel Fernández
 * Jaume Fort
 * Jesús Gómez
 * Ricardo Marín
 * Juan Francisco Muñoz
 * Juan Alfonso de la Puente
 * Jaime Puig
 * Javier Reino
 * Lorenzo Rico
 * Julián Ruiz
 * Juan Sagalés
 * Eugenio Serrano
 * Juan José Uría
 * Miguel Ángel Zúñiga

 * Head coach: Juan de Dios Román

Hockey

 * Men's team competition
 * Preliminary round (group A)
 * Spain – Pakistan 1-5
 * Spain – Netherlands 1-1
 * Spain – Kenya 4-2
 * Spain – Argentina 0-1
 * Spain – Australia 0-1

 * Classification Matches
 * 9th/12th place: Spain – Canada 2-0
 * 9th/10th place: Spain – South Korea 2-0 (→ 9th place)

 * Team roster
 * Jaime Armengol
 * Ignacio Escudé
 * Jaime Escudé
 * Javier Escudé
 * Eduardo Fàbregas
 * Juan de Dios García-Mauriño
 * Andreu Gómez
 * Santiago Grau
 * José Antonio Iglesias
 * Joaquín Malgosa
 * Juan Malgosa
 * Jordi Oliva
 * Miguel de Paz
 * Miguel Ortego
 * Juan Carlos Peón
 * Miguel Rovira

Modern pentathlon
Three male pentathletes represented Spain in 1988.

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Eduardo Quesada – 4852 pts (→ 32nd place)
 * Leopoldo Centeno – 4814pts (→ 38th place)
 * Jorge Quesada – 0pt (→ 64th place)

Men's Team Competition:
 * Quesada, Centeno, and Quesada – 9666pts (→ 19th place)

Rhythmic gymnastics

 * María Isabel Lloret (→ 5th)
 * María Martín Rodríguez (→ 20th)

Sailing

 * Men

 * Women

 * Open

Shooting

 * Men

 * Women

 * Open

Swimming
Men's 200m Freestyle
 * Daniel Serra
 * Heat – 1:53.05 (→ did not advance, 28th place)

Men's 400m Freestyle
 * Daniel Serra
 * Heat – 3:57.46 (→ did not advance, 22nd place)

Men's 100m Backstroke
 * Martin López-Zubero
 * Heat – 58.06 (→ did not advance, 23rd place)

Men's 200m Backstroke
 * Martin López-Zubero
 * Heat – 2:03.33
 * B-Final – 2:03.70 (→ 11th place)

Men's 100m Breaststroke
 * Joaquín Fernández
 * Heat – 1:05.19 (→ did not advance, 32nd place)

 * Sergi López
 * Heat – 1:06.08 (→ did not advance, 43rd place)

Men's 200m Breaststroke
 * Sergi López
 * Heat – 2:17.06
 * Final – 2:15.21 (→ [[Image:Med 3.png|Bronze]] Bronze Medal)

 * Joaquín Fernández
 * Heat – 2:20.34 (→ did not advance, 24th place)

Men's 100m Butterfly
 * José Luis Ballester
 * Heat – 55.27 (→ did not advance, 18th place)

Men's 200m Butterfly
 * José Luis Ballester
 * Heat – 2:03.32 (→ did not advance, 24th place)

Men's 200m Individual Medley
 * Martin López-Zubero
 * Heat – 2:10.52 (→ did not advance, 31st place)

 * Sergi López
 * Heat – 2:13.48 (→ did not advance, 36th place)

Men's 200m Individual Medley
 * Martin López-Zubero
 * Heat – 4:35.68 (→ did not advance, 27th place)

Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay
 * Martin López-Zubero, Ramón Camallonga, José Luis Ballester, and José Hernando
 * Heat – 3:49.47 (→ did not advance, 12th place)

Women's 200m Breaststroke
 * Silvia Parera
 * Heat – 2:35.57 (→ did not advance, 18th place)

Women's 100m Butterfly
 * María Luisa Fernández
 * Heat – 1:02.47 (→ did not advance, 17th place)

Women's 200m Individual Medley
 * Silvia Parera
 * Heat – 2:22.20 (→ did not advance, 21st place)

Women's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay
 * Natalia Autric, Silvia Parera, María Luisa Fernández, and Amaia Garbayo
 * Heat – 4:21.84 (→ did not advance, 13th place)

Synchronized swimming
Three synchronized swimmers represented Spain in 1988.

 * Women's solo
 * Eva López
 * Marta Amorós
 * Núria Ayala

 * Women's duet
 * Eva López
 * Núria Ayala

Tennis
Men's Singles Competition
 * Javier Sánchez
 * First round — Defeated Sadiq Abdullahi (Nigeria) 6-2 7-5 6-3
 * Second round — Defeated Grant Connell (Canada) 6-4 6-4 6-2
 * Third round — Lost to Paolo Canè (Italy) 6-7 6-4 1-6 2-6

 * Emilio Sánchez
 * First round — Defeated Shuzo Matsuoka (Japan) 6-3 6-4 6-3
 * Second round — Lost to Paolo Canè (Italy) 5-7 3-6 7-6 4-6

 * Sergio Casal
 * First round — Defeated Mark Gurr (Zimbabwe) 6-2 6-3 6-1
 * Second round — Defeated Leonardo Lavalle (Mexico) 6-3 6-4 7-6
 * Third round — Lost to Michiel Schapers (Netherlands) 4-6 6-4 6-2 3-6 4-6

Men's Doubles Competition
 * Emilio Sánchez and Sergio Casal → [[Image:Silver medal.svg|16x16px]] Silver Medal
 * First Round – Defeated Andrei Olhovskiy and Alexander Volkov (Soviet Union) 6-3 6-3 6-1
 * Second Round – Defeated Alex Antonitsch and Horst Skoff (Austria) 6-4 6-2 6-1
 * Quarterfinals – Defeated Goran Ivanišević and Slobodan Živojinović (Yugoslavia) 6-1 7-6 6-3
 * Semifinals – Defeated Stefan Edberg and Anders Järryd (Sweden) 6-4 1-6 6-3 6-2
 * Final – Lost to Ken Flach and Robert Seguso (USA) 3-6 4-6 7-6 7-6 7-9

Men's tournament

 * Preliminary round (Group B)
 * Defeated China (13-6)
 * Defeated United States (9-7)
 * Drew with Hungary (6-6)
 * Lost to Yugoslavia (8-10)
 * Defeated Greece (12-9)

 * Classification round (Group D)
 * Lost to Australia (7-8)
 * Defeated Italy (11-9) → 6th place

 * Team roster
 * Jesús Rollán
 * Miguel Chillida
 * Marco Antonio González
 * Miguel Pérez
 * Manuel Estiarte
 * Pere Robert
 * Jorge Payá
 * José Antonio Rodriguez
 * Jordi Sans
 * Salvador Gómez
 * Mariano Moya
 * Jorge Neira
 * Pedro Francisco García

 * Head coach: Antonio Esteller

title: Spain at the 1988 Summer Olympics