text:
Split Rock Lighthouse

Split Rock Lighthouse is a lighthouse located southwest of Silver Bay, Minnesota, US on the North Shore of Lake Superior. The structure was designed by lighthouse engineer Ralph Russell Tinkham and was completed in 1910 by the United States Lighthouse Service for $75,000, including the buildings and the land. It is considered one of the most picturesque lighthouses in the United States.

History
Split Rock Lighthouse was built in response to the great loss of ships during the famous Mataafa Storm of 1905, during which 29 ships were lost or damaged on Lake Superior. One of these shipwrecks, the Madeira, is located just north of the lighthouse.

The lighthouse stands on a 133 ft sheer cliff eroded by wave action from a diabase sill containing inclusions of anorthosite. The octagonal building is a steel-framed brick structure with concrete trim on a concrete foundation set into the rock of the cliff. It is topped with a large, steel lantern which features a third order, bi-valve type Fresnel lens manufactured by Barbier, Bernard and Turenne Company in Paris. The tower was built for a second-order lens, but when construction went over budget, only enough funding remained for the smaller third-order lens. The lens floats on a bearing surface of liquid mercury which allows near frictionless operation. The lens is rotated by an elaborate clockwork mechanism that is powered by weights running down the center of the tower which are then reset by cranking them back to the top. When completed, the lighthouse was lit with a kerosene oil vapor lamp.

At the time of its construction, the area had no roads. All building materials and supplies arrived by water and were lifted to the top of the cliff by crane. The lamp was first lit on July 31, 1910. The lighthouse soon became a tourist attraction for sailors and excursion boats thanks to its scenic location. So much so, that in 1924 a road (now Minnesota State Highway 61) was built to allow land access.

In 1940, the station was electrified, the lamp was replaced with a 1000-watt electric bulb, and the incandescent oil vapor lamp was moved to Au Sable Point Lighthouse in Northern Michigan. Split Rock was upgraded with a fog signal housed in a building next to the light tower. The original signal was a pair of sirens driven by two Franklin 30 hp gasoline-driven air compressors manufactured by Chicago Pneumatic Tool Company. In 1932 gasoline engines were replaced with diesel engines. The steam sirens were replaced with a Type F-2-T diaphone (be-you) type signal in 1936. The station and the fog signal were electrified four years later, but discontinued in 1961.

The light was retired in 1969 by the U.S. Coast Guard. The lighthouse is now part of the Split Rock Lighthouse State Park and is operated by the Minnesota Historical Society. The site includes the original tower and lens, the fog signal building, the oil house, and the three keepers' houses. It is restored to appear as it did in the late 1920s. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1969. Notwithstanding its retirement, every November 10 the lighthouse emits a light in memory of the SS Edmund Fitzgerald which sank on that date in 1975. On June 30, 2011, the lighthouse was designated as a National Historic Landmark.

The lighthouse keeper, Lee Radzak, worked at the lighthouse from 1982 to 2019, the longest tenure of any lighthouse keeper at the site.

In art
The United States Postal Service issued a stamp that featured the light on June 17, 1995. It was one of five lighthouses chosen for the "Lighthouses of the Great Lakes" series postage stamp designed by Howard Koslow in 1995. There was one lighthouse chosen on each of the Great Lakes. The five lighthouses are Split Rock Light on Lake Superior, St Joseph Light on Lake Michigan, Spectacle Reef Light on Lake Huron, Marblehead Light (Ohio) on Lake Erie and Thirty Mile Point Light on Lake Ontario.

Because of its picturesque form and location, it has been the subject of many photographs and postcards. The lighthouse was also in the 2013 film The Great Gatsby.

Records
Original, microfilmed, and photocopied records of the lighthouse keepers, containing daily entries on station activities and upkeep; expenditures; weather; shipping conditions; visitors; and social events on Lake Superior's north shore during the shipping season are available for research use at the Minnesota Historical Society.

title: Split Rock Lighthouse


text:
Stand by Your Van

Stand by Your Van is a retrospective compilation live album by the band Sublime. Tracks 1 to 11 were recorded live at Komotion, San Francisco, on September 9, 1994. Tracks 13 and 14 were recorded on the Warped Tour at Asbury Park, NJ in August, 1995. Tracks 12 and 15 were recorded at The Palace, Hollywood in October 1995. Track 16 was recorded at the House of Blues, Hollywood in April 1996. Lead singer and guitarist Bradley Nowell died less than two months later while still on tour.

Track listing

 * 1) "Don't Push" – 3:00
 * 2) "Right Back" – 2:42
 * 3) "New Thrash" – 1:03
 * 4) "Let's Go Get Stoned" – 4:49
 * 5) "Greatest Hits" – 2:57
 * 6) "Date Rape" – 3:49
 * 7) "S.T.P." – 2:46
 * 8) "Badfish" – 3:04
 * 9) "D.J.s" – 4:13
 * 10) "Work That We Do" – 3:25
 * 11) "Pool Shark" – 2:16
 * 12) "Ebin" – 3:28
 * 13) "All You Need" – 2:44
 * 14) "Waiting for My Ruca" – 2:19
 * 15) "Caress Me Down" – 4:22
 * 16) "KRS-One" – 2:25

Samples
At the very end of the last track, "KRS-One", the opening bass riff from The Descendents' "Myage" can be faintly heard.

Personnel
Sublime
 * Bradley Nowell - vocals, guitar
 * Eric Wilson - bass
 * Bud Gaugh - drums

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Stand by Your Van


text:
Kimberly Peirce

Kimberly Ane Peirce (born September 8, 1967) is an American filmmaker, best known for her debut feature film, Boys Don't Cry (1999), which won Hilary Swank her first Academy Award for Best Actress. Peirce's second feature, Stop-Loss, was released by Paramount Pictures in 2008. Her third film Carrie was released on October 18, 2013. In addition to directing and writing, she is a governor of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences and a National Board member of the Directors Guild of America.

Early life and education
Peirce was born on September 8, 1967, in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, to Sherry and Robert A. Peirce (originally Materazzi), who owned a construction company. When Peirce was three, she and her family moved to New York City, and at age eleven, they moved to Miami, Florida, where she eventually graduated from Miami Sunset Senior High School.

While attending the University of Chicago, Peirce moved to Kobe, Japan for two years to work as a photographer and teach English. She then moved to New York City to work as a photography intern for Time magazine under photojournalist Alfred Eisenstaedt. She returned to the University of Chicago to graduate with a degree in English and Japanese Literature. Peirce then enrolled at Columbia University to pursue an MFA in film. While at Columbia, Peirce completed an experimental short film called The Last Good Breath, where two star-crossed lovers are caught amidst a world war in which one lover always lives and the other always dies. The short screened as part of the Leopards of Tomorrow program at the Locarno International Film Festival.

Boys Don't Cry
While at Columbia working on an idea for her thesis film about a female soldier in drag during the American Civil War, Peirce read a Village Voice article about the life and death of Brandon Teena, a transgender man from Nebraska who was brutally raped and murdered when his gender history was discovered. Switching from her original thesis project, Peirce traveled to Falls City, Nebraska, where she conducted research, interviewed a number of people from the town, including Lana Tisdale (Brandon's girlfriend) and Lana's mother, and attended the murder trial of the two homicide suspects. The subsequent short film she made for her thesis in 1995 was nominated by Columbia faculty for a Princess Grace Award, and received an Astrea Production Grant.

After film producer Christine Vachon saw a version of the short, Vachon and Peirce began working on a feature film. In order to fund the writing and development of the feature, Peirce worked as a paralegal on the midnight shift, as a 35mm film projectionist and received a New York Foundation for the Arts grant. With help from the Sundance Institute's Filmmakers, Writers and Producers Labs in 1997, Peirce completed the feature film in 1999. Peirce said, “To make a movie like Boys, I had to be classically trained in film, but I also had to be schooled in terms of gender and sexual identity.”

Upon its release, Boys Don't Cry became one of the most acclaimed and talked about films of the year, opening at the Venice, Toronto and New York Film Festivals and earning many honors, including the Best Actress Oscar, Golden Globe, Independent Spirit award and many other awards for the film's star, Hilary Swank. Chloë Sevigny was nominated for a Best Supporting Actress Oscar, a Golden Globe and won the Independent Spirit Award, among many other awards for her role as Lana Tisdale.

The film received the International Critics prize for Best Film at both the London and Stockholm Film Festivals, the Satyajit Ray Foundation Award for Best First Feature at the London Film Festival, and was named "Best American Feature," by Janet Maslin. Peirce won honors as Best Debut Director from the National Board of Review and Best New Filmmaker from the Boston Society of Film Critics.

Stop-Loss
In 2005, inspired by the real-life stories of American soldiers, including her own brother, fighting in Iraq and coming home, Peirce began work on Stop-Loss. Peirce traveled the country interviewing soldiers about their experiences and worked with novelist and screenwriter Mark Richard to turn the research into a screenplay.

Released in 2008, Stop-Loss received positive reviews from critics. Peirce was honored with the Hamilton Behind the Camera True-Grit Directing Award as well as the Andrew Sarris Directing Awards for the film. In association with the film, Peirce created a website called SoundOff and gave soldiers and their families cameras to record and share their stories and opinions. Shortly after the film's release, Peirce spoke before the National Press Club and members of Congress on behalf of Soldiers and the Stop-Loss Compensation Act, which financially compensated soldiers for multiple tours of duty served because of the stop-loss policy. The measure subsequently passed.

Much of the inspiration for her two films was said to come from her love of The Godfather: "It showed me that I can take that love of the gangster movie and I can screen it through a family drama. In both my movies family is really important, violence is really important. I'm really interested in the psychological and the authentic portrayal of violence—particularly violence that comes out of emotions. Before The Godfather, I don't know that you could have such a violent psychological film that was that broadly entertaining."

Carrie
Peirce directed a remake of the 1976 horror film Carrie, which was released on October 18, 2013. An adaptation of Stephen King's novel of the same name, it starred Chloë Grace Moretz in the lead role, with Julianne Moore and Ansel Elgort in supporting roles.

The film won the 2014 People's Choice Award for Favorite Horror Movie. It grossed at $35,266,619 in the US and Canada and at $84,790,678 worldwide.

Television
Kimberly Peirce has directed episodes of John Ridley's American Crime, AMC's Halt and Catch Fire and Turn, WGN's Manhattan, Bill Broyle's A&E History Channel's Six, Joey Soloway's I Love Dick, Justin Simien's Dear White People,Starz' P-Valley, Game of Silence, Halt and Catch Fire, and Kidding.

Other projects
On February 16, 2011, it was announced that Peirce would direct the crime thriller The Knife, about two men from opposite sides of the law who must overcome their mistrust of one another and risk their lives in order to infiltrate the organization of a ruthless gang leader threatening to spread armed violence across Los Angeles and the urban centers of America. Peirce was also in negotiations to direct and executive-produce The Enclave, a limited series for USA Network written by Andre Jacquemetton and Maria Jacquemetton (Mad Men).

Peirce co-wrote the script for Silent Star, a murder mystery about the 1922 death of Hollywood director William Desmond Taylor and the scandals that nearly destroyed the film industry. However, the project stalled.

Peirce is set to direct a new Amazon movie titled This is Jane. The storyline is about an activist in Chicago who is unsatisfied with the state of health services available in the US during the 1960s who forms a group that provides education and counseling for women seeking abortions.

Activism
Peirce is a founding member of ReFrame, an industry-wide effort to end discrimination against women and people of color in Hollywood as well as the head of the Diversity Committee for Directors for the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. She gave the 2014 Yale Transgender Week keynote, the 2015 Outfest keynote, and the 2016 AFI Keynotes, and spoke at the 2017 Women's March in Park City. She received the GLAAD Media, Lambda Legal Defense, People for the American Way, Lesbian Anti-Violence Project and the 2013 OUTFEST Career Achievement Awards. In 2018, she was honored with a Women in Film award for her activism.

Personal life
Peirce is Jewish and genderqueer. In 2008, she married Evren Savci, who is a queer feminist and Assistant Professor of Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies at Yale University.

Filmography
Short film

Feature film

Television

Appearances

 * This Film Is Not Yet Rated – Peirce talks about the trouble Boys Don't Cry had with the MPAA, particularly the censoring of the sex scenes. Peirce was frustrated over the fact that the MPAA wanted the sex scene between Brandon and Lana removed but were satisfied with the overall brutality and violence in the murder scene.
 * Raging Bull – 30th Anniversary Release, Special Features
 * Chinatown – Centennial Collection DVD, Special Features
 * The Godfather – The Coppola Restoration, Special Features, "The Masterpiece That Almost Wasn't"
 * Queer for Fear – 2022 television mini-series includes interviews with Peirce

Awards and honors

 * Second place, Canada International Film Festival – The Last Good Breath
 * Golden Award, Experiment Division, Chicago International Film Festival – The Last Good Breath
 * First place, Suffolk Film Festival
 * Best Debut Director – National Board of Review
 * Best New Filmmaker – Boston Society of Film Critics
 * Young Hollywood Best Director and Best Screenwriter Awards
 * Las Vegas Film Critics Society Sierra Award, Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay
 * Satyajit Ray Award, 1999
 * London Film Festival, FIPRESCI Prize
 * Stockholm Film Festival, Best Screenplay and FIPRESCI Prize
 * St. Louis International Film Festival, Audience Choice Award
 * Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) Media Award, Best Limited Release
 * Lambda Legal Liberty Award
 * Hamilton Behind-the-Camera Directing Award
 * Andrew Sarris Directing Award
 * In 2019, Peirce's film Boys Don't Cry was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

title: Kimberly Peirce


text:
Jeju International Airport

Jeju International Airport is the second-largest airport in South Korea, just behind Incheon Airport in Incheon (near Seoul). It is located in the city of Jeju. The airport opened in 1968.

Jeju International Airport serves many mainland destinations in South Korea, as well as international destinations in mainland China, Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore. In 2015, 26,237,562 passengers used the airport. The airport is one endpoint of the world's busiest airline route, Jeju to/from Seoul-Gimpo. In 2019 over 17 million passengers traveled on that route.

Due to the airport operating far beyond its designed passenger capacity, it was announced in 2023 that Jeju's second airport would be constructed in Seongsan-eup, near the southern city of Seogwipo. This US$5.1 billion project has faced significant delays and controversies due to concerns the airport would negatively impact Jeju's groundwater sources, as well as protected species living in the area.

Traffic and statistics
Due to the popularity of Jeju as a holiday spot in South Korea, the air route from Jeju to Seoul is the busiest airline route in the world. In 2019, there were 85,000 flights from eight different airlines, meanwhile, 17 million seats were sold on flights between Gimpo and Jeju.

As Jeju has gained popularity as a resort destination, the number of international visitors from China, Malaysia, Thailand, and Japan has increased. In 1997, Jeju airport handled nine million passengers. In 2019, the airport passed the 30 million milestone despite being designed to handle a maximum of 26 million passengers. In 2020, the number of international visitors dropped due to COVID-19. However, the Seoul-Jeju route remained the busiest in the world and flight delays are still common.

In 2019, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport announced a US$4.18 billion construction plan that would begin in 2021 near Seogwipo City in southern Jeju. The airport would take 50% of the domestic flights to Jeju and would help to transfer flights during bad weather. The airport would accommodate 18.98 million passengers per year. However in 2021 the Minstry of Environment cancelled the plans due to their failure to protect the local environment, including Jeju's extensive groundwater reserves, and protected species in the area, such as the narrow-mouthed frog. A new US$ 5.1 billion airport plan was provisionally approved in 2023 with no project completion date set.

Accidents and incidents

 * On 5 February 1982, a Republic of Korea Air Force Fairchild C-123 Provider crashed 2.3 miles N of Hallasan Volcano while on approach to land at Jeju in bad weather. All 53 occupants (6 crew, 47 army troops) were killed.
 * On 10 August 1994, Korean Air Flight 2033 overran the runway while attempting to land at Jeju International Airport. All 160 persons on board survived.
 * On 28 July 2011, Asiana Airlines Flight 991 experienced an in-flight fire and crashed while attempting to divert to Jeju. Both pilots were killed.

title: Jeju International Airport


text:
File:Computer speakers.JPG

This is a computer system equipped with a set of speakers and a subwoofer. The desk is kind of messy, but it is still a functional picture. This picture was taken at about 1:45 am on April 23, 2005 @ our home. --SuperDude 05:44, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: File:Computer speakers.JPG


text:
Category:Carboniferous

The Carboniferous period, the geologic time between 358.9 and 298.9 million years ago, during the Paleozoic Era.

title: Category:Carboniferous


text:
Category:Permian

The Permian, of the Paleozoic Era, in the Phanerozoic Eon.

title: Category:Permian


text:
Gwangju Airport

Gwangju Airport is an airport in the city of Gwangju, South Korea and is managed by the Korea Airports Corporation. In 2018, 1,986,125 passengers used the airport. This airport is planned to close when Muan International Airport becomes more established. Because Gwangju Airport is sharing with military, taking photograph or video of apron, runway and military facility is strictly prohibited.

History
The airport was established in November 1948. It saw its first commercial flight in 1950. At the time, however, it was not located in Gwangju but in neighboring Jangseong, on a military training facility. The airport moved to its present location in Sinchon-dong, Gwangsan-gu, in 1964. It was taken over by the Korea Airports Corporation in 1990. The current airport terminal was built in 1994, at which time the old terminal was repurposed as a Cargo terminal.

Metro

 * Airport station of Gwangju Metro Line 1 :

Line: Pyeongdong - Songjeongri(KTX Station) - Airport - Sangmu - Nongseong - Geumnamro4ga - Nokdong

Bus

 * No. Songjeong 97 : Airport ↔ Gwangju Songjeong Station ↔ Daesan ↔ Chilseong ↔ Gwangam
 * No. Seonun 101 : Airport ↔ Songjeong Park Station ↔ Gwangsan Police Station ↔ Honam University Gwangsan Campus
 * No. 1000 : Airport ↔ Gwangju Songjeong Station ↔ Kim Daejung Convention Center ↔ City Hall ↔ U Square(Gwangju Bus Terminal) ↔ Geumnam-ro ↔ Chosun University ↔ Gwangju Court ↔ Jisan Yuwonji
 * No. 1160(Naju) : Airport ↔ Naju ↔ Yeongsanpo Bus Terminal

Parking lot
Customers should pick up a parking ticket from a printing machine on the way into the lot. If customers do not pick up the ticket, they have to pay the full fare.

title: Gwangju Airport


text:
Talk:Tom Bingham, Baron Bingham of Cornhill

Untitled
I removed a claim that as president of the supreme court, Bingham will again be subordinate to the "Lord Chief Justice" — how can a UK court be subordinate to an English one? Or will there be a new Lord Chief Justice of the UK? I can't find any reference to it in the Constitutional Reform Act 2005. Doops 05:42, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The Constitutional Reform Act designates the Lord Chief Justice as the head of the entire judiciary,the Law Lords being only one part of the judiciary.It is the LCJ,not the head of the "higher" court,who replaces the Lord Chancellor as the senior judicial figure.--Louis E./le@put.com/12.144.5.2 14:35, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your promptness. A few points:
 * the Lord Chief Justice of Enlgand and Wales can only, naturally, be the head of the Judiciary of England and Wales. I don't think the new supreme court is part of that Judiciary, since it serves the entire UK!
 * even if, as an Englishman himself who is a judge, Lord Bingham is somehow a "part" of the English judiciary (while his supreme court colleagues from Scotland remain a "part" of the Scottish judiciary), what would it mean to say that he is subordinate to the Chief Justice? What actual authority would the LCJ have over him?
 * was his move from LCJ to Law Lord really "unprecedented"? I immagine it has probably occurred quite often, in fact. I mean, I don't know anything about it; but it would seem logical, certainly.
 * I removed the unfair and unencyclopedic reference to a "miscalculation."
 * Thanks. Doops 18:40, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The past career movement has been entirely in the Law Lord to LCJ direction,in the case of anyone holding both positions.(Lord Russell of Killowen in 1894,Lord Lane in 1980,made that move).As far as the current Government is concerned,they have no problem with the LCJ being the head of the judiciary.I gather he would control the Supreme Court's budget.As far as the "miscalculation" goes,I believe that Lord Bingham assumed that future reform would look at the judiciary and the role of the LCJ the way you do,and like you,he was wrong.--Louis E./le@put.com/12.144.5.2 19:01, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi. You still haven't explained the whole England/Wales vs. the-UK-as-a-whole thing. (We are talking about the LCJ for England & Wales, right? As I understand it, there's also an LCJ for Northern Ireland and a "president of the court of session" for Scotland.") Please point me to the section of the act which says that the new UK supreme court will somehow, bizarrely, be part of the English-and-Welsh judiciary. Doops 15:03, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain]] has ever since the Union been the seniormost figure in the UK judiciary,not just English (Wales being mentioned was,as noted in the article,an innovation of Lord Bingham,just as the title Lord Chief Justice of England rather than Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench was a sop to the vanity of Sir Edward Coke).His judicial primacy is transferred by the Blairite act to the Lord Chief Justice,not to the senior Law Lord,never mind that the Law Lords hear appeals from the LCJ's decisions.--Louis E./12.144.5.2 15:35, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Again, could you please point me to a reference within the actual text of the act itself? Thanks. Doops 20:51, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Once again: could you please point to an actual citation within the act? Doops 06:59, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I have removed references to Lord Bingham being junior to the Lord Chief Justice of Engalnd and Wales. As per Part 2, section 7, subsection 4 of the act, which does not list the new UK Supreme Court as a court being in the jurisdiction of the LCJ AdamCarden 18:53, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Tom Bingham v. Thomas Bingham
I would like to know why is this page titled "Tom Bingham, Baron..." instead of "Thomas Bingham, Baron..." (currently a re-direction). It appears odd to me to use a nickname in a formal title (I would have accepted if this article is named outright as "Tom Bingham" without the peerage title), and the main page does refer to Lord Bingham's full title as "Thomas Bingham, Baron...". Does anyone know why? --Pkchan 12:36, 18 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Moved. --Pkchan 14:24, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 16:22, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

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Wikipedia:Peer review/James Callaghan/archive1

James Callaghan
PR with a view to WP:FAC in the near future. I will fix the references and see also sections in the near future. JuntungWu 05:42, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)


text:
List of mayors of Trois-Rivières

The mayor is the highest elected official in Trois-Rivières, in the Mauricie region of Quebec. Since its incorporation in 1845, the city has had thirty-six mayors.

The mayor presides over the Trois-Rivières City Council.

List
This is a list of mayors of the city of Trois-Rivières.

Officially, elections to the Trois-Rivières Council are on a non-partisan basis.

title: List of mayors of Trois-Rivières


text:
Cheongju International Airport

Cheongju International Airport is an international airport in Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, South Korea. It also serves the cities of Daejeon and Sejong. In 2018, 2,453,649 passengers used the airport. It also houses the 17th fighter wing of the ROKAF (F-35A fighters). There is a railway station next to the airport, called Cheongju Airport station, which is on the Chungbuk Line.

Overview
Cheongju International Airport is located at Ipsang-ri (a township), Naesu-eup (읍; town), Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do. A railway station is located nearby. It opened as a military airbase in September 1978, and in 1984, international airport construction began. The construction was completed in December 1996, and it was opened as Cheongju International Airport on April 28, 1997. During the mid 80's, Cheongju was selected as a possible site for Korea's main international airport before Incheon became the preferred location. It can process 1.23 million people from domestic flights and 1.15 million people from international flights annually, and the parking lots can hold 770 vehicles. In addition, airplanes can operate 196,000 times a year. There used to be flights to Busan and Saipan, but they were stopped due to low ridership. Currently, there are domestic flights to Jeju and international flights to China, Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand. Because Cheongju International Airport is designated as a military airport, photography and videography is strictly prohibited on the installation.

Parking Facilities
It has a facility for parking 1,100 vehicles directly opposite to the passenger terminal. The facility is open between 6:30 and 22:00.

Railway
There is a train station at Cheongju Airport but it is not on a main rail line, and the schedule is limited. KTX high speed train does not stop at Cheongju city but stops outside Cheongju at Osong Station. Train runs from Cheongju Airport to Osong takes 18 minutes, but it only runs every one to two hours (depending on time of day). From Osong to Seoul there is a frequent KTX train that takes slightly less than 1 hour. The total journey time on train from Cheongju Airport to Seoul is generally 1 hour 30 minutes, depending on the connecting time at Osong Station.

Bus
In 2019, there are 13 express and conventional buses per day from Seoul's Central City Terminal and four buses from the COEX City Airport Terminal in southern Seoul. The buses takes 1 hour 20 minutes to 2 hours to get to Cheongju Airport.

title: Cheongju International Airport


text:
Talk:Amelita Galli-Curci

Untitled
She was born in the year 1882. (posted by 172.167.214.64, originally unsigned)
 * Yes, you are right, so she was.  .  I encourage you, next time you find inaccurate information, to be bold and correct it.  Thanks for the notice, though.  :^)  --BaronLarf 05:55, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Amelita Galli-Curci


text:
White-necked thrush

The white-necked thrush (Turdus albicollis) is a songbird found in forest and woodland in South America. The taxonomy is potentially confusing, and it sometimes includes the members of the T. assimilis group as subspecies, in which case the "combined species" is referred to as the white-throated thrush (a name limited to T. assimilis when the two are split). On the contrary, it may be split into two species, the rufous-flanked thrush (T. albicollis) and the grey-flanked thrush (T. phaeopygos).

Description
This thrush is 20+1/2 - 26 cm long and weighs 40 - 77 g. The upperparts are dark brown, turning duskier or greyer towards the ocular region. The throat is white with dense dark streaks, except on the lowermost part, resulting in the appearance of a white crescent below the dark-streaked white throat. This has given rise to both its English and scientific name. The crissum (the undertail coverts surrounding the cloaca) and central belly are whitish, and the chest is grey often tinged brown. The members of the nominate group have conspicuous rufous flanks, and the bill is yellow with a dusky culmen. The flanks are paler and more tawny in the subspecies crotopezus, which also has the entire upper mandible dusky. The members of the phaeopygos group lack contrasting rufous or tawny flanks, and have bills that are almost entirely dusky. All subspecies have pinkish-brown legs and a reddish or yellow eye-ring. Sexes are similar, but juveniles are duller, with dull orange spotting above, and brownish spotting below.

The song is a relatively musical, often rather monotonous two-e-o, two-e. The calls is a distinctive wuk, while the alarm is a rough jjig-wig-wig.

Distribution and habitat
The nominate group (including subspecies paraguayensis and crotopezus) occurs in eastern Brazil, far northern Uruguay, eastern Paraguay and far north-eastern Argentina. The phaeopygos group (including subspecies phaopygoides, spodiolaemus and contemptus) is mainly found in the Amazon Basin, but with populations extending along the eastern slope of the Andes as far south as north-eastern Argentina, and as far north as western Venezuela, with extensions along the Coastal Range, the region centered around Serranía del Perijá and Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and the islands of Trinidad and Tobago.

Both groups are mainly associated with humid forest and woodland. In the case of the nominate group, mainly the Atlantic Forest, and in the case of the phaeopygos group, mainly the Amazon Rainforest or humid forests and woodlands near mountains. It rarely ventures far from cover.

Behavior
The white-necked thrush mainly feeds on or near the ground on invertebrates (especially insects). It also takes some fruit, berries and seeds. It regularly follows army ant swarms, but does not attend mixed species flocks. Throughout most of its range, especially in the Amazon, it is a shy species, heard far more than seen, but in Trinidad and parts of south-eastern Brazil it may be less retiring.

The nest is a lined cup of twigs placed low (at a height of 1 – ) in a tree or bush. Two to three reddish-blotched green-blue eggs are laid and incubated by the female alone for 12–13 days. Socially monogamous, but extra-pair mating is common.

Taxonomy
T. albicollis sometimes includes the members of the T. assimilis group as subspecies, in which case the "combined species" is referred to as the white-throated thrush (a name limited to T. assimilis when the two are split). Published evidence supporting either treatment is weak, but most recent authorities have followed the split.

On the contrary, it has been suggested that the nominate group and the phaeopygos group of T. albicollis should be considered separate species, but the voices of the two are similar, and the subspecies crotopezus from the nominate group approach members of the phaeopygos group in both plumage and colour of bill. If the two groups are split, the common name rufous-flanked thrush has been suggested for T. albicollis, with T. phaeopygos retaining the common name white-necked thrush or being renamed grey-flanked thrush.

title: White-necked thrush


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Link 80

Link 80 was an American punk rock/ska punk band from San Francisco's East Bay, United States.

Band history
Link 80 started in the summer 1993 in the East Bay of California. In the beginning, original members (guitarist Matt Bettinelli-Olpin, drummer Joey Bustos, bassist Adam Pereira and singer Jeff Acree) played around the Easy Bay as Drano and The Rag-Tags before settling on Link 80.

The name came from the interstate highway I-80 which they used to get to the drummer's garage for band practice and connected the band members' homes: members lived in Oakland, Berkeley and Richmond.

In May 1995, Nick Traina joined the band after meeting Adam at a show in San Francisco's Mission District. Nick's passion and voice combined with the rest of the band to make them different from most ska bands and gave Link 80 the "against the rest" attitude they display throughout their lyrics. Far more punk than ska and with an energy and a sense of immediacy lacking in pop-oriented ska bands, Link 80 was able to avoid the clichés of ska-punk characterized by their peers. As Asian Man Records describes them, they are an energetic blend of ska, punk rock, and hardcore.

The band's lyrics, audio samples and album artwork are notable for their diverse use of film and television references including The Twilight Zone, The Usual Suspects, American Me, Happy Gilmore, Stand by Me, Pretty In Pink and I Walked with a Zombie.

Before recording their first album, the band released three 7"'s, The Link 80 & Wet Nap Split, Remember How It Used To Be, and Rumble at the Tracks.

17 Reasons
Recorded in 1996, Link 80 had released their first full-length album titled 17 Reasons, in early 1997. The album consisted of 17 fast and energetic punk rock and skacore songs (and one hidden track, a cover of "Who Killed Marilyn?" by Misfits). It was also the first album recorded for Asian Man Records (AMR1-AMR4 were originally released on Dill Records).

The album title and a song title ("Turn It Around") come from two of the band's favorite local Bay Area punk rock compilations: Turn It Around! and 17 Reasons: The Mission District. Their only official music video was off this album for the song "Verbal Kint." The video was partially filmed at 924 Gilman Street and directed by Scott Pourroy.

In 1996, with all the members still in high school, the band left for their first U.S. tour. On this tour, the band created their own "crew," known as ATRC, or Against the Rest Crew.

The core line-up for these definitive years was Nick Traina (vocals), Joey Bustos (drums), Matt Bettinelli-Olpin (guitar, vocals), Adam Pereira (bass, vocals) and Aaron Nagel (trumpet). Though he was not present on the recording of 17 Reasons, Jason Lechner (saxophone) joined the band in time to support it at shows and on tour. This line-up would release the first and second of their three albums.

Unlike many bands, each member of Link 80 were an integral part of the songwriting team. With Aaron in charge of the horn lines, Joey, Adam and Matt were behind most songs' core-music, while Nick and Matt were responsible for the lyrics. In addition, everyone participated in background vocals, occasionally even singing lead. For example, Adam sings a majority of "Termination" and "Slap," while Matt provides the lead vocals on "Turn It Around."

The following year Link 80 was on to its second US tour. Beginning in Oregon on June 14, the tour was cut short after a show at the Globe in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on August 1. The following morning the band went their separate ways, with some members flying home, some driving, and some taking a train.

Killing Katie
Link 80's last album with Nick, Matt and Seth Blankenship, Killing Katie, was released August 26, 1997, less than one month before Nick's death. The album contains 8 studio tracks and 3 hidden live songs, including the long-time crowd pleaser "Blank Mind" (of which there is no studio version). Of the four hidden tracks, the first is a cover of Buffalo Springfield's "For What It's Worth," referred to as "Everybody Look What's Going Down" by the band.

After Link 80, Nick started a new band, Knowledge, and immediately began playing shows and recording. Shortly thereafter, on September 20, 1997, Nick, who suffered from bipolar disorder, overdosed on his fourth suicide attempt, and was found dead by his caretaker at his home.

The Struggle Continues
With Nick gone, Link 80 needed someone to fill in on vocals.

After recruiting a man named Stoney Moak to fill in for vocals temporarily for their shows, Ryan Noble from the Blast Bandits was chosen to pick up permanently where Nick had left off. Along with Ryan and Adam Davis, who took over for Matt, came a new sound and lyrics, while still maintaining the "against the rest" attitude. Link 80 began to lead more towards a hardcore/ska sound rather than a punk/ska sound. With Ryan, Link 80 recorded the album The Struggle Continues as well as some b-sides that appeared on various compilations in 1999 and toured numerous times with such bands as Capdown and MU330.

The last track on The Struggle Continues, "Unbroken", was written by ex-guitarist Matt for Nick after his death.

Reunion

After a few partial reunions over the years, the band's first official reunion was for the Asian Man Records 20th Anniversary shows on June 17 and 18, 2016. Both shows (at the San Francisco's Bottom of the Hill) were sold out.

The lineup included singer Ryan Noble, guitarists Matt Bettinelli-Olpin and Adam Davis, drummer Joey Bustos, bassists Adam Pereria and Barry Krippene, and horn players Aaron Nagel, Steve Borth and Jason Lechner. Many of the band members brought their kids to the truly epic show.

Prior to the shows, a video tribute to Nick Traina was shown with Social Distortion's "When the Angels Sing" playing over the video. The band released the video online on June 20, 2016.

On May 21, 2021, a Link 80 cover of Rancid's "Junkie Man" was released from Lavasock Records' upcoming tribute to Rancid's punk rock classic ...And Out Come the Wolves titled ...And Out Come the Lawsuits. The newly recorded Link 80 song includes members Adam Davis, Barry Krippene, Joey Bustos, Matt Bettinelli-Olpin, Steve Borth and Ryan Noble.

On October 17, 2023, Mike Park announced that Asian Man Records would reissue 17 Reasons and The Struggle Continues on vinyl, as well as reprinting the band's first official shirt.

Related bands and projects
In 2002, the band consisting of Seth Blankenship, Adam Davis, Aaron Nagel, Steve Borth, Joey Bustos, Barry Krippene, and singer Ryan Noble went on hiatus. Steve Borth would join Rx Bandits, before forming his own band Satori in 2006. The remaining Link 80 members would form DESA. They have since maintained that Link 80 would return, but for now they are focused on their respective projects.

Joey and Ryan are currently in The Soft White Sixties (playing drums and bass, respectively). Matt formed a band called Dolores (with Nick's brother Todd Traina) that released on 7" on Johann's Face Records, founded the filmmaking collectives Chad, Matt & Rob and Radio Silence and directed the films V/H/S, Southbound, and Ready or Not (all of which feature Link 80 and other Asian Man Records artists including Alkaline Trio, MU330, Laura Stevenson and the Cans and The Atom Age). Aaron is now a successful artist who runs Two Twenty Two Design Studio and whose work has been feature in galleries around the world and can be seen on the covers of The Resignation and ...And the Battle Begun. Adam Davis is currently in Gnarboots which has released their album A.L.B.U.M. on Asian Man Records. Barry is in a band called Terrible Timing with a former member of the Blast Bandits. Adam Pereria played with Thought Crime after leaving Link 80. Nick Traina started Knowledge before his death in 1997. Their album, A Gift Before I Go, was subsequently released by Asian Man Records. As of 2019, Steve Borth and Adam Davis are a part of a new ska/punk project, Omnigone which released an album on Bad Time Records in 2019. The band also features current and former members of RX Bandits, Link 80, Skatune Network and We Are The Union. Adam Davis stated: "The idea behind OMNIGONE: I want to play ska, punk & hardcore. Playing with Link 80 in 2016 was bittersweet. I miss playing music with my ex-bandmates, but there was too much involved to expect us to play shows again. This allows different configurations of my close friends to come together & play the music we grew up playing."

Members

 * Nick Traina – lead vocals (1995–1997)
 * Matt Bettinelli-Olpin – guitars, vocals (1993–1998, 2016)
 * Joey Bustos – drums, backing vocals (1993–2002, 2016)
 * Aaron Nagel – trumpet, backing vocals (1994–2002, 2016)
 * Adam Pereira – bass, vocals (1993–2000, 2016)
 * Adam Davis – guitars, vocals (1997–2002, 2016)

 * Ryan Noble – lead vocals (1998–2002, 2016)
 * Jason Lechner – saxophone (1997–1998, 2016)
 * Seth Blankenship – saxophone (1997–1999, 2016)
 * Barry Krippene – bass (2000–2002, 2016)
 * Steve Borth – saxophone, backing vocals (1998–2002, 2016)
 * Stoney Moak – lead vocals (1998)

Timeline

LPs

 * 17 Reasons (1997, Asian Man Records) Recorded in 1996
 * Killing Katie (1997, Asian Man Records)
 * The Struggle Continues (2000, Asian Man Records)

EPs

 * The Link 80 & Wet Nap Split 7" w/ Wet-Nap (1995, Wannabe Brothers Records)
 * Remember How It Used to Be 7" (1995, Switchblade Records)
 * Rumble at the Tracks Split 7" w/ Subincision (1996, Switchblade Records)
 * Nothing Lasts Forever Split 7" w/ Punishment Park (1998, Dream Circle Records) Given away for free at shows in Germany.
 * Lifestyles, Textiles & X-Files Split 7" w/ Lesdystics (Tomato Head Records)
 * Split CDEP/7" w/ Capdown (Householdname Records)

Compilations

 * Skank for Brains (1995, Beach Records)
 * What Are You Looking At? (1996, Switchblade Records)
 * This Aren't Two Tone (1997, Too Hep Records)
 * Cinema Beer Nuts (1997, Hopeless Records)
 * Misfits of Ska II (1997, Asian Man Records)
 * 23 Reasons (1997, Tachyon Records) This contains the first two albums on one CD, only available in Japan.
 * The Mongolian Wild Turkey.... Volume 4 (1997, Bad Stain Records)
 * It Takes a Dummy to Know a Dummy (1997, Dumb Ass Records)
 * Punk Goes Ska (1997, Stiff Dog Records)
 * Punk 'til Ya Poop (1997, Bad Stain Records)
 * Ramen Core Volume 1 (1997, Burnt Ramen Records)
 * Dillinquents (1997, Dill Records)
 * Unrealism (Function Productions, 1997)
 * Puro Eskanol Volume 2 (1998, Aztlan Records)
 * Ska Sucks (1998, Liberation Records)
 * Mailorder Is Fun! (1998, Asian Man Records)
 * Puro Eskanol, Vol. 2: Rice & Beans (1998, Aztlan Records)
 * Skank for Brains: Saturday Matinee (1998, Beach Records)
 * Waiting for Punk? (1998, Twisted Records)
 * Ska: The Third Wave Checkered Box Set (1998, Beloved Records)
 * Ska: The Third Wave, Vol. 4: Punk It Up (1998, Beloved Records)
 * Hey Brother...Can You Spare Some Ska? (1999, Vegas Records)
 * Mailorder Is Still Fun! (1999, Asian Man Records)
 * Mission Control Presents: Dr. Strange Vs. Asian Man, Vol. 1 (1999, Asian Man/Dr. Strange Records)
 * Punker Than Your Mother (1999, Sour/Soda Jerk Records)
 * To Protect and Serve - Chapter 13 (1999, Chapter 13 Records)
 * Coffee, Cigarettes and Nuclear War (1999, Absolute Zero Records)
 * Punk Goes Metal (2000, Fearless Records)
 * Plea for Peace (2000, Asian Man Records)
 * Just Not Punk Enough (2000, Orchard Records)
 * Here We Are Nowhere (2000, Substandard Records)
 * Punked Up Love (2000, VMS Records)
 * Taken from a High School Journal (2000, Deafinit Records)
 * Have You Heard (2001, New School Punk Records)
 * Ten Minutes to Ogikubo Station (2001, Asian Man Records)
 * Shut the Punk Up, Vol. 1 (2001, Orchard Records)
 * Dropping Food on Their Heads Is Not Enough: Benefit for RAWA (2002, Geykido Comet Records)
 * Mailorder for the Masses! (2002, Asian Man Records)
 * Lessons for Today (2003, Almost Good Music)
 * The Great Soup Opera (Wormhole/Atomic Records)

title: Link 80


text:
User talk:Nakkiel

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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title: User talk:Nakkiel


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Parent material

Parent material is the underlying geological material (generally bedrock or a superficial or drift deposit) in which soil horizons form. Soils typically inherit a great deal of structure and minerals from their parent material, and, as such, are often classified based upon their contents of consolidated or unconsolidated mineral material that has undergone some degree of physical or chemical weathering and the mode by which the materials were most recently transported.

Consolidated
Parent materials that are predominantly composed of consolidated rock are termed residual parent material. The consolidated rocks consist of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock, etc.

Residual
Soil developed in residual parent material is that which forms in consolidated geologic material.

Unconsolidated
This parent material is loosely arranged, particles are not cemented together, and not stratified. This parent material is classified by its last means of transport. For example, Material that was transported to a location by glacier, then deposited elsewhere by streams, is classified as stream-transported parent material, or glacial fluvial parent material.

Glacial till (Morrainal)
The material dragged with a moving ice sheet. Because it is not transported with liquid water, the material is not sorted by size. There are two kinds of glacial till:

 * 1) Basal till - carried at the base of the glacier and laid underneath it. This till is typically very compacted and does not allow for quick water infiltration.
 * 2) Ablation till - carried on or in the glacier and is laid down as the glacier melts. This till is typically less compacted than basal till.

Glacio-lacustrine
Parent material that is created from the sediments coming into lakes that come from glaciers. The lakes are typically ice margin lakes or other types formed from glacial erosion or deposition. The bedload of the rivers, containing the larger rocks and stones is deposited near the lake edge, while the suspended sediments are settle out all over the lake bed.

Glacio-fluvial
Consist of boulders, gravel, sand, silt and clay from ice sheets or glaciers. They are transported, sorted and deposited by streams of water. The deposits are formed beside, below or downstream from the ice.

Glacio-marine
These sediments are created when sediments have been transported to the oceans by glaciers or icebergs. They may contain large boulders, transported by and dropped from icebergs, in the midst of fine-grained sediments.

Water transported
Within water transported parent material there are several important types.

Alluvium
Parent material transported by streams of which there are three main types. Floodplains are the parts of river valleys that are covered with water during floods. Due to their seasonal nature, floods create stratified layers in which larger particles tend to settle nearer the channel and smaller particles settle nearer the edges of the flooding area. Alluvial fans are sedimentary areas formed by narrow valley streams that suddenly drop to lowlands and widen dramatically. Sedimentary in these types of deposits tend to be larger closer to the uplands and finer near the edges of the fan. Delta deposits, the third of type of alluvium, are finer sediments that are discharged from streams into lakes and eventually settle near the mouth of the river.

Lacustrine
Parent material deposited by a lake. Beach ridges may be present where ancient lakes once washed up sand. Lacustrine material is well sorted and fine-textured, having finer silts and clays. Soils formed from lacustrine parent material have low permeability in part because of this high clay content.

Marine
Ocean deposited parent materials, called marine sediments, are collections of material that have been carried by rivers and streams to the ocean and eventually sink to the bottom. Such materials can vary in texture.

Gravity transported
Colluvium or colluvial debris is the collection of large rock fragments that have traveled downslope by gravity.

Wind transported
Parent materials can also be transported by wind, there are three important types.

Loess
Silt sized sediments transported by the wind.

Aeolian
Sand sized particles transported by the wind typically as dunes.

Volcanic tephra
The most common parent material coming from volcanoes is volcanic ash carried away by the wind and settling different distances from the volcano.

Organic
Organic deposits (or cumulose deposits) are developed in place from plant residue (for example sphagnum moss) that has typically been preserved by a high water table, or potentially due to another factor that slows decomposition.

Climate and weathering
Climate is generally considered the most important factor influencing physical and chemical weathering processes.

Physical weathering is especially important during the early stages of soil development. Rock can be disintegrated by changes in temperature which produces differential expansion and contraction. Changes in temperature can also cause water to freeze. The forces produced by water freezing can be as great as 2.1 × 105 kPa, which can split rocks apart, wedge rocks upward in the soil, and heave and churn soil material.

Chemical weathering: the principal agent is percolating rainwater charged with carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Parent material becomes hydrolyzed by the acidic solution to produce minerals and to release cations.

title: Parent material


text:
User talk:Muti

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text: Category:Proterozoic

title: Category:Proterozoic