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Karl Zimmer

Karl Günter Zimmer (12 July 1911 – 29 February 1988) was a German nuclear chemist who is best known for his work in understanding the ionizing radiation on Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and did fundamental work on radiation biology.

In 1935, he published the major work, Über die Natur der Genmutation und der Genstruktur, with Timofeev-Resovskij, and Max Delbrück; it was considered to be a major advance in understanding the nature of gene mutation and gene structure.

From 1945–1955, Zimmer was one of many German nuclear scientists in the former Soviet program of nuclear weapons but left Russia to eventually settle in Germany.

Education and career
There is little or no information available about his early life but it is known that Zimmer obtained his doctorate in 1934 with a thesis on photochemistry from the sources provided by University of Tennessee.

Early on, Zimmer worked as an advisor in radiotherapeutic physics in a radiological hospital and as an employee of Auergesellschaft AG in Berlin. However, he completed most of his theoretical work at the Kaiser-Wilhelm Gesellschaft's Institut für Hirnforschung (lit. Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research (KWIH) ) in Berlin-Buch. Zimmer worked in Nikolay Timofeev-Resovskij's genetics department at the KWIH. Timofeev-Resovskij, a Russian national with Soviet citizenship, worked in Germany starting in 1924, and he stayed even after Adolf Hitler's party came to power in 1933. Very early in Zimmer's career, in 1935, he published the major work, Über die Natur der Genmutation und der Genstruktur, with Timofeev-Resovskij, and Max Delbrück; it was considered to be a major advance in understanding the nature of gene mutation and gene structure. At Auergesellschaft, Zimmer collaborated with Nikolaus Riehl, director of scientific research at the works.

At the close of World War II, Russia had special search teams operating in Austria and Germany, especially in Berlin, to identify and "requisition" equipment, materiel, intellectual property, and personnel useful to the Soviet program of nuclear weapons. The exploitation teams were under the Russian Alsos and they were headed by Lavrenij Beria's deputy, Colonel General A. P. Zavenyagin. These teams were composed of scientific staff members, in NKVD officer's uniforms, from the bomb project's only laboratory, Laboratory No. 2, in Moscow. In mid-May 1945, the Russian physicists Georgy Flerov and Lev Artsimovich, in NKVD colonel's uniforms, identified Zimmer and compelled him to take them to the location of Riehl and his staff, who had evacuated their Auergesellschaft facilities and were west of Berlin, hoping to be in an area occupied by the American or British military forces. Riehl was detained at the search team's facility in Berlin-Friedrichshagen for a week. This sojourn in Berlin turned into 10 years in the former Soviet Union for Riehl and his staff, including their families, were flown to Moscow on 9 July 1945. Riehl was to head up a uranium production group at Plant No. 12 in Ehlektrostal' (Электросталь ).

In Russia
From 1945 to 1950, Riehl was in charge of uranium production at Plant No. 12 in Ehlektrostal'. When Riehl learned that Hans-Joachim Born and Karl Zimmer were being held in Krasnogorsk, in the main PoW camp for Germans with scientific degrees, Riehl arranged though Zavenyagin to have them sent to Ehlektrostal'. Alexander Catsch was also sent there. At Ehlektrostal', Riehl had a hard time incorporating Born, Catsch, and Zimmer into his tasking on uranium production, as Born was a radiochemist, Catsch was a physician and radiation biologist, and Zimmer was a physicist and radiation biologist.

After the detonation of the Russian uranium bomb, uranium production was going smoothly and Riehl's oversight was no longer necessary at Plant No. 12. Riehl then went, in 1950, to head an institute in Sungul', where he stayed until 1952. Essentially the remaining personnel in his group were assigned elsewhere, with the exception of H. E. Ortmann, A. Baroni (PoW), and Herbert Schmitz (PoW), who went with Riehl. However, Riehl had already sent Born, Catsch, and Zimmer to the institute in December 1947. The institute in Sungul' was responsible for the handling, treatment, and use of radioactive products generated in reactors, as well as radiation biology, dosimetry, and radiochemistry. The institute was known as Laboratory B, and it was overseen by the 9th Chief Directorate of the NKVD (MVD after 1946), the same organization which oversaw the Russian Alsos operation. The scientific staff of Laboratory B – a ShARAShKA – was both Soviet and German, the former being mostly political prisoners or exiles, although some of the service staff were criminals. (Laboratory V, in Obninsk, headed by Heinz Pose, was also a sharashka and working on the Soviet atomic bomb project. Other notable Germans at the facility were Werner Czulius, Hans Jürgen von Oertzen, Ernst Rexer, and Carl Friedrich Weiss. )

Laboratory B was known under another cover name as Объект 0211 (Ob'ekt 0211, Object 0211), as well as Object B.   (In 1955, Laboratory B was closed. Some of its personnel were transferred elsewhere, but most of them were assimilated into a new, second nuclear weapons institute, Scientific Research Institute-1011, NII-1011, today known as the Russian Federal Nuclear Center All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Technical Physics, RFYaTs–VNIITF. NII-1011 had the designation предприятие п/я 0215, i.e., enterprise post office box 0215 and Объект 0215; the latter designation has also been used in reference to Laboratory B after its closure and assimilation into NII-1011.   )

One of the political prisoners in Laboratory B was Riehls' colleague from the KWIH, N. V. Timofeev-Resovskij, who, as a Soviet citizen, was arrested by the Soviet forces in Berlin at the conclusion of the war, and he was sentenced to 10 years in the Gulag. In 1947, Timofeev-Resovskij was rescued out of a harsh Gulag prison camp, nursed back to health, and sent to Sungul' to complete his sentence, but still make a contribution to the Soviet atomic bomb project. At Laboratory B, Timofeev-Resovskij headed a biophysics research department, in which Born, Catsch, and Zimmer were able to conduct work similar to that which they had done in Germany, and all three became section heads in Timofeev-Resovskij's department.

Before being rejoined in the Soviet Union, Zimmer, Timofeev-Resovskij, and Riehl had collaborated on the biological effects of ionizing radiation. Also, Zimmer and Timofeev-Resovskij had put together a manuscript which was a comprehensive summary of their work and that of others on radiation-induced gene mutation and related areas; the book, Das Trefferprinzip in der Biologie, was published in Germany while they were in the Soviet Union. In 1948, due to Lysenkoism, there were grave consequences for the institute in Sungul' in general and for Zimmer and Timofeev-Resovskij in particular. The book was put on a forbidden list and the laboratory was not allowed to conduct research on its topics. Since the book represented many years of Zimmer's life's work, he was rather downcast by the circumstances.

In preparation for release from the Soviet Union, it was standard practice to put personnel into quarantine for a few years if they worked on projects related to the Soviet atomic bomb project, as was the case for Zimmer. Additionally, in 1954, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR, German Democratic Republic) and the Soviet Union prepared a list of scientists they wished to keep in the DDR, due to their having worked on projects related to the Soviet atomic bomb project; this list was known as the "A-list". On this A-list were the names of 18 scientists. Nine, possibly 10, of the names were associated with the Riehl group which worked at Plant No. 12 in Ehlektrostal'. Born, Catsch, Riehl, and Zimmer were on the list.

In West Germany
Upon Zimmer's release from the Soviet Union in 1955, he eventually went to West Germany under legal circumstances, where he worked at the Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe (Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center), founded in 1956 and later known as the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe.

He became director of the Instituts für Strahlenbiologie (IStB, Institute for Radiation Biology).

Internal report
The following was published in Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte (Research Reports in Nuclear Physics), an internal publication of the German Uranverein. Reports in this publication were classified Top Secret, they had very limited distribution, and the authors were not allowed to keep copies. The reports were confiscated under the Allied Operation Alsos and sent to the United States Atomic Energy Commission for evaluation. In 1971, the reports were declassified and returned to Germany. The reports are available at the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center and the American Institute of Physics.

 * Karl G. Zimmer Bericht über die Untersuchungen der relativen Wirksamkeit von Röntgenstrahlen und schnellen Neutronen bezügl. der Erzeugung von Chromosomenmutationen. G-297.

Selected publications
The majority of these literature citations have been garnered by searching on variations of the author's name on Google, Google Scholar, and the Energy Citations Database, and use of a bibliography of N. V. Timofeev-Resovskij provided by the Laboratory of Radiation Biology of the JINR, Dubna.

 * N. W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky and K. G. Zimmer Ein Beitrag zur Frage nach der Beziehung zwischen Röntgenstrahlendosis und dadurch ausgelöster Mutationsrate, Strahlentherapie Volume 51 (1934)
 * Timofeeff-Ressovky, N. W., K. G. Zimmer, and M. Delbrück Über die Natur der Genmutation und der Genstruktur, Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen: Mathematische-Physikalische Klasse, Fachgruppe VI, Biologie Bd. 1, Nr. 13, 189-245 (1935). Timofeeff-Ressovsky was identified as being from the Genetische Abteilung des Kaiser-Wilhelm-Instituts für Hirnforschung in Berlin-Buch. Zimmer was identified as being from the Strahlenabteilung des Cecilienhauses in Berlin-Charlottenburg. Delbrück was identified as being from the Physikalische-Radioaktive Abteilung des Kaiser-Wilhelm-Instituts für Chemie in Berlin-Dahlem. This paper, from the color of the journal's cover, has become known as the "Green Pamphlet" and sometimes as the Dreimännerarbeit (Three-Man Paper) of genetics, to distinguish it from the historical Dreimännerarbeit by Max Born, Werner Heisenberg, and Pascual Jordan, which launched quantum Matrix mechanics in 1925.
 * N. W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky and K. G. Zimmer Strahlengenetische Zeitfaktorversuche an Drosophila melanogastery, Strahlentherapie Volume 53, 134-138 (1935)
 * N. W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky and K. G. Zimmer Wellenlangenunabhangigkeit der mutationsauslösenden Wirkung der Röntgen und Gammastrahlung bei Drosophila melanogaster, Stranlentherapie Volume 54, 265-278 (1935)
 * K. G. Zimmer and N. W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky Auslösung von Mutationen bei Drosophila melanogaster durch a Teilchen nach Emanationseinatmung, Strahlentherapie Volume. 55, 77-84 (1936)
 * A. Pickhan, N. W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky, and K. G. Zimmer Versuche an Drosophila melanogaster über die Beeinflussung der mutationsauslosenden Wirkung von Röntgen- und Gammastrahlen durch hochfrequenzfeld und Äthernarkoze, Strahlentherapie Volume 56, 488-496 (1936)
 * E. Wilhelmy, N. W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky, and K. G. Zimmer Einige Strahlengenetische Versuche mit Sehr weichen Röntgenstrahlen an Drosophila melanogaster, Strahlentherapie Volume 57, 521-531 (1936)
 * K. G. Zimmer, H. D. Griffith, and N. W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky Mutationsauslösung durch Betastrahlung des Radiums bei Drosophila melanogaster, Strahlentherapie Volume 59, 130-138 (1937)
 * K. G. Zimmer and N. W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky Dosimetrische und strahlenbiologischeversuche mit schnellen Neutronen II, Strahlentherapie Volume 63, 528-536 (1938)
 * N. W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky and K. G. Zimmer Neutronenbestrahlungsversuche zur Mutationsauslosung an Drosophila melanogaster, Naturwissenschaften Volume 26, # 21-22, 362-365 (1938)
 * N. W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky, K. G. Zimmer, F. A. and Heyn Auslösung von Mutationen an Drosophila melanogaster durch schnelle Li+D-Neutronen, Naturwissenschaften Volume 26, # 7, 108-109 (1938)
 * N. W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky and K. G. Zimmer Strahlengenetik, Strahlentherapie Volume 66, 684-711 (1939)
 * K. G. Zimmer and N. W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky Note on the biological effects of densely ionizing radiation, Phys. Rev.  Volume 55, 411 (1939)
 * N. Riehl, N. V. Timofeev-Resovskij, and K. G. Zimmer Mechanismus der Wirkung ionisierender Strahlen auf biologische Elementareinheiten, Die Naturwissenschaften Volume 29, Numbers 42-43, 625-639 (1941). Riehl was identified as being in Berlin, and the other two were identified as being in Berlin-Buch.
 * N. W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky and K. G. Zimmer Über Zeitproportionalität und Temperaturabhängigkeit der spontanen Mutationsrate von Drosophila, Z. Ind. Abst. Verebl. Volume 79, # 4, 530-537 (1941)
 * H. J. Born, N. W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky, and K. G. Zimmer Anwendungen der Neutronen und der künstlich radioaktiven Stoffe in Chemie und Biologe, Umschau Volume 45, # 6, 83-87 (1941)
 * H. J. Born, N. W. Timoféeff-Ressovsky and K. G. Zimmer Biologische Anwendungen des Zählrohres, Naturwissenschaften Volume 30, Number 40, 600-603 (1942). The authors were identified as being in the genetics department of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin-Buch.
 * N. W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky and K. G. Zimmer Über einige physikalische Vorgange bei der Auslösung von Genemutationen durch Strahlung, Z. Ind. Abst. Verebl. Volume 80, # 3, 353-372 (1942)
 * N. Riehl, R. Rompe, N. W. Timoféeff-Ressovsky und K. G. Zimmer Über Energiewanderungsvorgänge und Ihre Bedeutung Für Einige Biologische Prozesse, Protoplasma Volume 38, Number 1, 105-126 (1943). The article was received on 19 April 1943.
 * K. G. Zimmer and N. W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky Nachtrag zu der Arbeit über einige physikalische Vorgange bei der Auslösung von Mutationen, Z. Ind. Abst. Vererbl. Volume 80, # 4 (1943)
 * N. W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky and K. G. Zimmer Strahlengenetik, Strahlentherapie Volume 74, 183-211 (1944)
 * N. W. Timofeeff-Resovsky and K. G. Zimmer Über die Indeterminiertheit und die Verstarkererscheinungen in der Biologie, Naturwissenschaften Volume 32 (1945)
 * A. Catsch, K. G. Zimmer, and O. Peter Radio-Biological Research with Fast Neutrons [In German], Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B: Anorg. Chem., Org. Chem., Biochem., Biophys. Volume 2, 1-5 (1947)
 * N. W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky, K. G. Zimmer, and P. Jordan Über einige physikalische Vorgange bei der Auslösung von Genemutationen durch Strahlung. II. Auslösung von Genemutationen durch Strahlung, Z. Ind. Abst. Vererbl. Volume 82, # 1, 67-73 (1948)
 * G. I. Born (H. J. Born), N. Riehl, K. G. Zimmer, Title translated from the Russian: Efficiency of Luminescence Production by Beta Rays in Zinc Sulfide, Doklaky Akademii Nauk S.S.S.R.  Volume 59, March, 1269-1272 (1948)
 * K. G. Zimmer On Strongly Absorbing Materials for Radiation Protection [In German], Fortschr. Gebiete Röntgenstrahlen vereinigt mit Röntgenpraxis Volume 71, 143-144 (1949)
 * I. M. Rosman and K. G. Zimmer The Use of Scintillators in Dosimetry [In German], Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B: Anorg. Chem., Org. Chem., Biochem., Biophys.,  Volume 11B, 46-52 (1956)
 * I. M. Rosman and K. G. Zimmer An Isodose Plotter of Simple Design, Br. J. Radiol. Volume 29, 688 (1956)
 * K. G. Zimmer Problems of Neutron Dosimetry [In German], Strahlentherapie Volume 101, 143-151 (1956)
 * L. Ehrenberg and K. G. Zimmer Action of Ionizing Radiation on Insulating Plastics, Acta Chemica Scandinavica Volume 10, Number 5, 874-875 (1956). Institutional affiliations: Univ. of Stockholm, Sweden; Max-Planck-Institut für physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany.
 * K. G. Zimmer The Atomic Research Center-Karlsruhe [In German], Atomwirtschaft, Atomtech. Volume 2, 434-435 (1957). Institutional affiliation: Institute for Radiation Protection and Radiation Biology.
 * K. G. Zimmer, L. Ehrenberg, and A. Ehrenberg Determination of Magnetic Centers in Irradiated Biological Media and Their Importance in Radiobiology [In German], Strahlentherapie, Volume 103, 3-15 (1957)
 * K. G. Zimmer Development and Present State of Hypothesis Formation in Quantitative Radiation Biology [In German], Naturwissenschaften Volume 45, 325-327 (1958). Institutional affiliation:Universität Heidelberg; Institut für Strahlenbiologie an der Reaktorstation, Karlsruhe, Germany.
 * I. M. Rozman and K. G. Zimmer The Damage to Plastic Scintillators by Ionizing Radiations, Int. J. Applied Radiation and Isotopes Volume 3, 36-42 (1958)
 * I. M. Rozman and K. G. Zimmer On the Use of Plastic Scintillators for Dose Measurements, Int. J. Appl. Radiation and Isotopes Volume 3, 43-44 (1958)
 * K. G. Zimmer Evidence for Free-Radical Production in Living Cells Exposed to Ionizing Radiation, Radiation Research Supplement 1, 519-529 (1959). Institutional affiliation: Universität Heidelberg, Germany; Reactor-Station Karlsruhe, Heidelberg and Karlsruhe, Germany.
 * A. Muller and K. G. Zimmer Some Application Possibilities of Microwave Spectroscopy in Quantitative Radiation Biology [In German], Strahlentherapie Volume 109, 192-199 (1959). Institutional affiliation: Reaktorstation, Karlsruhe, Germany.
 * A. Muller, G. Hotz, and K. G. Zimmer Electron Spin Resonance in Bacteriophage: Alive, Dead, and Irradiated, Biochem. Biophys. Research Communs. Volume 4, 214-217 (1961). Institutional affiliation: Nuclear Research Center, Karlsruhe, Germany.
 * A. Müller, G. Hotz, and K. G. Zimmer Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Sonderabdrucke. 73. Elektronischer Paramagnetismus in Bakteriophagen, Reprint from Zeitschrift für Naturforschung Volume 16b, Number 10, 658-662 (1961). Institutional affiliation: Institut für Strahlenbiologie, Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany.
 * K. G. Zimmer Electron Spin Resonances in Biological Systems and Influencing by Radiation and Surrounding Gases [In German], Strahlentherapie, Sonderbände Volume 51, 46-57 (1962). Institutional affiliation: Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe, Germany.
 * K. G. Zimmer, W. Köhnlein, G. Hotz, and A. Muller Electron Spin Resonance in Irradiated Bacteriophages and Their Constituents. Part I [In German], Strahlentherapie Volume 120, 161-190 (1963). Institutional affiliation: Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe, Germany.
 * A. Muller, W. Köhnlein, and K. G. Zimmer X-Ray-Induced unpaired Spins in Nucleic Acid Bases and in 5-bromouracil, Journal of Molecular Biology (England) Volume 7, 92-94 (1963). Institutional affiliation: Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe, Germany.
 * G. Hotz and K. G. Zimmer Experiments in Radiation Chemistry of T1-Phage, Int. J. Radiation Biology; Volume 7, 75-86 (1963). Institutional affiliation: Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe, Germany.
 * K. G. Zimmer Contribution to the Radiobiological Basis of the Maximum Permissible Radiation Dose [In German], Nukleonik (West Germany) Volume 7, 380-383 (1965). Institutional affiliation: Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe, Germany.
 * K. G. Zimmer Some Unusual Topics in Radiation Biology, Radiation Research (U.S.) Volume 28, 830-843 (1966). Institutional affiliation: Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe, Germany.
 * F. Dauch, U. Apitzsch, A. Catsch, and K. G. Zimmer RBE of Fast Neutrons by the Release of Mutations in Drosophila Melanogaster [In German], Mutation Research (Netherlands) Volume 3, 185-193 (1966). Institutional affiliation: Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe, Germany.
 * K. G. Zimmer From Target-Theory to Molecular Radiobiology, Journal: Phys. Med. Biol. Volume 14, 545-553 (1969). Organizational affiliation: Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe, Germany.
 * Zimmer, K. G.  Alexander Catsch's 60th anniversary [In German], Strahlentherapie Volume 145, Number 2, 238-239 (1973)
 * H. Jung and K. G. Zimmer Physical and biological parameters of interest for evaluating the possible use of pi-mesons, neutrons and charged particles in radiotherapy [In German], Röntgen Bl., Volume 27, Number 8, 381-402 (1974). Organizational affiliations: Universität Hamburg, Institut für Biophysik und Strahlenbiologie; Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe, Inst. für Strahlenbiologie.
 * K. G. Zimmer Easy way to calculate the mean length of trajectories through bodies of given shape, Int. J. Radiation Biology, Volume 25, Number 3, 313 (1974). Institutional affiliation: Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Publications of the KFK

 * K. G. Zimmer Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Sonderabdrucke. 27. Studien Zur Quantitativen Strahlenbiologie (Gesellschaft für Kernforschung m.b.H., 1960). Institutional affiliation: Institut für Strahlenbiologie.
 * Gerhart Hotz, Adolf Müller and Karl Günter Zimmer Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Sonderabdrucke. 145. Elektron-Spin-Resonanzen in Bakteriophagen  (Gesellschaft für Kernforschung m.b.H., 1962). Institutional affiliation: Institut für Strahlenbiologie.

Books

 * Nikolaj V. Timofeev-Ressovskij and Karl Günter Zimmer Biophysik. Bd. 1. Das Trefferprinzip in der Biologie (Hirzel, 1947)
 * Karl Günter Zimmer Studien zur quantitativen Strahlenbiologie (Steiner 1960)
 * Karl Günter Zimmer Studien zur quantitativen Strahlenbiologie (Abhandlungen der Math-Naturw. Klasse, Jg. 1960, Nr. 3) (Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, 1960)
 * Karl Günter Zimmer Studies on quantitative radiation biology (Oliver and Boyd, 1961)
 * Karl Günter Zimmer Studies on quantitative radiation biology (Hafner)

title: Karl Zimmer


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Media Resource Control Protocol

Media Resource Control Protocol (MRCP) is a communication protocol used by speech servers to provide various services (such as speech recognition and speech synthesis) to their clients. MRCP relies on another protocol, such as Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) or Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for establishing a control session and audio streams between the client and the server.

MRCP uses a similar style of clear-text signaling as HTTP and many other Internet protocols, in which each message contains 3 sections: a first-line, a header and a body. The first line indicates the type of message as well as information such as response codes. The header contains a number of lines, each in the format  : . The body, whose length is specified by the header, contains the details of the message.

Like HTTP, MRCP uses a request (usually issued by the client) and response model. Responses may simply acknowledge receipt of the request or give other information regarding its processing. For example, an MRCP client may request to send some audio data for processing (say, for speech recognition), to which the server could respond with a message containing a suitable port number to send the data, since MRCP does not have support for audio data specifically as this would have to be handled by some other protocol, such as Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP).

MRCP protocol version 2 has been approved as an RFC. Version 2 uses SIP for managing sessions and audio streams between the server and the clients, whereas version 1 did not specify the underlying protocol.

MRCP has been adopted by a wide range of commercial speech servers, such as Verbio Technologies, Skit.ai's VIVA, Microsoft Speech Server, LumenVox Speech Engine, ReadSpeaker speechServer MRCP, Nuance Recognizer and Vocalizer, Sestek TTS, Sestek Call Steering as well as commercial Interactive Voice Response software such as Blueworx Voice Response..

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Media Resource Control Protocol


text:
Van Chancellor

Van Winston Chancellor (born September 27, 1943) is an American former college and professional basketball coach. He coached University of Mississippi women's basketball, Louisiana State University women's basketball, and the professional Houston Comets. He was named head coach of the Lady Tigers on April 11, 2007, replacing Pokey Chatman. In 2001, Chancellor was elected to the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame, located in Knoxville, Tennessee. He was enshrined as a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in September 2007. Chancellor currently serves as an analyst for Southland Conference games on ESPN3.

Early years
Chancellor played two years of basketball at East Central Junior College in Decatur, Mississippi, before transferring to Mississippi State University, where he earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics & physical education in 1965.

During his senior year at Mississippi State, he served as head coach of the boys' basketball team at Noxapater High School. Chancellor went on to coach boys' and girls' basketball at Horn Lake High School and Harrison Central High School in Mississippi. He received his master's degree in physical education from the University of Mississippi in 1973.

Ole Miss
Chancellor spent 19 seasons (1978–1997) as the head coach of the University of Mississippi Rebels, compiling an overall record of 439–154 (.740). As the Ole Miss head coach, Chancellor guided the Rebels to the NCAA tournament 14 times, including 11 consecutive appearances from 1982 to 1992.

Chancellor's teams won at least 20 games 15 times, including a school-record 31 wins in 1978–1979. He also led the Rebels to top 20 final rankings 13 times, with top 10 finishes four times (#5 in 1992, #6 in 1985, #8 in 1987, and #10 in 1984).

Chancellor led Ole Miss to the Elite Eight at the NCAA tournament four times, while his teams made the Sweet 16 on three other occasions. Chancellor was named the Southeastern Conference Coach of the Year three times, including the 1992 season when the Rebels were 29–3 overall and claimed the SEC regular season title with a perfect 11–0 mark. He was also named the 1992 National Women's Basketball Coach of the Year by the Women's Basketball News Service.

Houston Comets
When the Women's National Basketball Association started with eight expansion teams in 1997, Chancellor had applied for six of the teams with doubt that he would be hired. However, he was hired by the Comets (as owned by Leslie Alexander, part of the plan for certain teams to be operated by NBA owners), to coach the team, and he believed that the team would be special from the very get go due to the talents of Cynthia Cooper (who had led USA to a gold medal in the 1988 Olympics and silver in 1992 while playing in European leagues) in practice. Houston was bolstered by fellow player allocation Sheryl Swoopes (who had led Texas Tech to the 1993 NCAA title) and WNBA draft pick Tina Thompson to make a Big Three trio, all of whom would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. The 1997 season did not go without hitches, as Thompson and Cooper wanted less rigid patterns from Chancellor when it came to offensive sets, which they responded by setting ball screens on the perimeter; Swoopes did not play until the second half of the season due to her pregnancy. They won four of their first seven games before closing out the season on a 14-7 run to finish 18-10, the best record of the eight teams; in the four-team playoff, they won both games (including a 65-51 victory over the New York Liberty, who had beaten Houston three out of four times in the regular season) to win the inaugural WNBA championship. To build chemistry, he set up a three-player committee composed of a young player, a mid-level player, and an older player. Chancellor cited the help of NBA coach Rudy Tomjanovich in asserting the importance of training camp and the nature of motivating college players.

In the 1998 WNBA Championship, now a best-of-three series, the Comets lost a nail-biting Game 1 to the Phoenix Mercury. In Game 2, the Comets trailed by 12 with seven minutes remaining, and Chancellor called time-out. Trying to get the words out, point guard Kim Perrot (considered the "stick of dynamite" of the team) took over to speak to the team, with Cooper and Thompson later citing her rallying speech as the moment that got the team back on track. The Comets rallied to force overtime before winning the game. In Game 3, they won by nine to clinch their second title. The 1999 season, wracked with emotional turmoil due to the diagnosis of lung cancer for Perrot (which led to her passing on August 19), saw them go 26-6 before they rolled to a third straight title with four playoff wins to two losses. 2000 was their most dominant playoff run, despite the fact that a 27-5 record was not enough to be first in the league. They swept their first-round opponent to have a key matchup with the Los Angeles Sparks, who had only lost four games all year. They swept the Sparks in two games to meet up against New York. In the 2000 WNBA Championship, they beat the Liberty 59–52 and 79–73 (overtime) to clinch their fourth league championship. They were the first basketball team to win four straight league titles since the Boston Celtics in the late 1960s and the first four-peat since the 1980-1983 New York Islanders.

Cooper retired after the 2000 season ended, and Swoopes missed the 2000 season with an Anterior cruciate ligament injury. Their playoff dominance ended with their first playoff loss (in a straight two-game sweep) to the Sparks in 2001. Cooper briefly returned in 2003. They lost in the first round two more times before they missed the playoffs in 2004 with a 13-21 record, Chancellor's only losing season as coach. They won one postseason series after the 2000 season ended.

Under Chancellor, the Comets were the only team in the WNBA to make the playoffs in each of the first seven seasons of the league. His 1998 Houston Comets team holds the record for highest winning percentage in the history of both the National Basketball Association (NBA) and Women's National Basketball Association (NBA) basketball with .900 when the Comets went 27–3. In 10 years with the Houston Comets, Chancellors’ teams posted a 211–111 record (.655), making him the winningest coach in the history of the WNBA. Chancellor was named the WNBA Coach of the Year three times (1997, 1998, 1999) He coached the Western Conference All-Star Team three times during his career and was named the coach of the WNBA's All-Decade Team in June 2006.

During his time as head coach of the Comets, Chancellor also served as a television analyst for women's college basketball, working for both ESPN and SEC-TV. In the fall of 2006, Alexander announced the sale of the Comets. On January 3, 2007, Chancellor resigned.

USA Basketball
Chancellor served as coach in international competition for the United States National Team. His teams won first place at the 2002 Opals World Challenge, a gold medal at the 2002 FIBA World Championships, and a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Chancellor served as the head coach to the National team in the 2002 World Championships, held during September in three cities in China, including Nanjing, China. The USA won the opening six preliminary rounds easily, with no contest closer than 30 points. That included the opening round game against Russia, who has played them close at the 1998 Championship final. In the opening game, the USA won 89–55 behind 20 points form Lisa Leslie and 17 from Sheryl Swoopes. The USA wasn't seriously challenged in the quarterfinals, where they beat Spain by 39 points. The semifinal game against Australia was closer, but Leslie had a double-double with 24 points and 13 rebounds to help the USA team win by 15 points. In the championship game, much like the 1998 finals, the rematch was much closer. This time the USA team did not have to play from behind, and they had a ten-point lead late in the game, but the Russians cut the lead to a single point with just over three minutes remaining. The game remained close, and it was within three points with just over twelve seconds to go, but Swoopes was fouled and sank the free throws to give the USA a 79–74 win and the gold medal. Chancellor went 38–0 for team USA.

LSU Lady Tigers
In his first year as head coach at LSU, Chancellor led the Lady Tigers to an SEC championship game and to the Final Four. He was also named 2008 SEC Coach of the Year. Chancellor resigned on March 16, 2011. He spent the rest of his contract as an assistant to Athletic Director Joe Alleva. Chancellor spent four seasons at LSU.

Post-coaching career
Chancellor continued his work as a color commentator after retirement, working Southland Conference games on ESPN's family of networks. In 2022, he joined Houston Baptist University as a color commentator for its men and women's basketball home games.

Personal life
Chancellor is married to Betty and they have 2 children and 4 grandsons.

title: Van Chancellor


text: Category:Lakes of Virginia

title: Category:Lakes of Virginia


text:
John Doebley

John F. Doebley is an American plant geneticist whose main area of interest is how genes drive plant development and evolution. He has spent the last two decades examining the genetic differences and similarities between teosinte and maize and has cloned the major genes that cause the visible differences between these two very different plants.

He was part of the team that is credited with first finding, in 2002, that maize had been domesticated only once, about 9000 years ago, and then spread throughout the Americas.

John Doebley began his undergraduate education as a biology major at West Chester State College (now West Chester University) in West Chester, Pennsylvania. However, after taking a class by a particularly interesting lecturer, he decided to switch his major to anthropology.

After he graduated with a degree in anthropology in 1974, he entered a master's programme in anthropology at Eastern New Mexico University in Portales. Upon completion of this degree in 1976, he began a PhD programme at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Here he worked with botany professor Hugh Iltis, travelling to Mexico to collect teosinte. Doebley published three papers on this research for his doctoral thesis and completed his degree in 1980.

Doebley then held two postdoctoral positions successively at North Carolina State University under the mentorship of Major Goodman and Ronald Sederoff, and began a research group at Texas A&M University.

In 1987, Doebley took up the position of professor at the University of Minnesota, St. Paul, where his group focused on pinpointing and cloning the principal genes involved in the evolution of maize, such as teosinte branched1, which controls branch number, and teosinte glume architecture, which controls the (lack of) casing on kernels.

In 1999, Doebley returned to the University of Wisconsin–Madison as a professor. There he has continued his work on teosinte and maize. From 2015 he is serving as the chair of the Laboratory of Genetics, which includes the School of Medicine and Public Health’s Department of Medical Genetics and the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences' Department of Genetics.

Doebley’s work has earned him widespread recognition in the field of complex trait genetics, and he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2002.

title: John Doebley


text:
Ogawa Suketada

Ogawa Suketada (小川 祐忠; 1549–1601) was a daimyō (warlord) in feudal Japan during the Azuchi–Momoyama and Edo periods. Initially Suketada served Akechi Mitsuhide.

In 1582, He participated and served Mitsuhide at the Battle of Yamasaki.

After Mitsuhide defeat, he served Shibata Katsutoyo at Battle of Shizugatake (1583).

After Katsutoyo died, Suketada served Toyotomi Hideyoshi in Invasion of Shikoku (1585). He was given 70,000 koku at Imabari, Iyo Province and became a daimyo.

In 1600, at the Battle of Sekigahara, initially he was part of "Western Army" of Ishida Mitsunari. During the battle he betrayed Mitsunari and switched sides to join Tokugawa Ieyasu's "Eastern Army" along with Kobayakawa Hideaki, Wakisaka Yasuharu, Kutsuki Mototsuna and Akaza Naoyasu. Ieyasu won the battle and became the de facto ruler of Japan. Ieyasu seized Suketada's domain after the battle.

title: Ogawa Suketada


text:
Nigel Essenhigh

Admiral Sir Nigel Richard Essenhigh (born 8 November 1944) is a former Royal Navy officer who served as First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff from 2001 to 2002. He served as a navigating officer before commanding the Type 42 destroyer HMS Nottingham (D91) and then the Type 42 destroyer HMS Exeter (D89) during the Gulf War. As First Sea Lord he entered into a contract to acquire up to 150 Joint Strike Fighter aircraft for the UK's two new aircraft carriers. In retirement he worked for Northrop Grumman and became a non-executive director of Babcock International. He remains a Deputy Lieutenant of Devon.

Naval career

Essenhigh was born in Newcastle upon Tyne and educated at St. Cuthbert's School. He joined the Royal Navy in 1963, and was promoted to sub-lieutenant on 4 June 1965 and to lieutenant on 1 May 1967. He qualified as a principal warfare officer in 1972, specialising in navigation. He served as a navigating officer on the frigate HMS Juno and then the destroyer HMS Antrim before joining the staff of the Flag Officer Sea Training. Promoted to lieutenant commander on 1 May 1975, he was posted to the destroyer HMS Glasgow in 1978.

After his promotion to commander on 31 December 1980, Essenhigh joined the Ministry of Defence for duty with Naval Manpower Training: he worked on the 1981 Defence Review. He took command of the Type 42 destroyer HMS Nottingham in 1982 and saw service in the Atlantic, Mediterranean and West Indies. His next post was on board HMS Ark Royal during its construction in 1984. Promoted to captain on 31 December 1985, he attended the Royal College of Defence Studies in 1986 and then returned to the Ministry of Defence to be Assistant Director (Weapons and Ships) in the Naval Plans Department in 1987. He took command of another Type 42 destroyer, HMS Exeter, in April 1989, and saw operational service during the Gulf War.

Essenhigh attended the Higher Command and Staff Course at the Staff College, Camberley in 1992 before being promoted to commodore and becoming Director of Naval Plans and Programmes at the Ministry of Defence later that year. Following promotion to rear admiral, he took up the position of Hydrographer of the Navy in February 1994, and was subsequently Assistant Chief of Defence Staff (Programmes) from March 1996. In September 1998 he was promoted to full admiral and was appointed to the post of Commander-in-Chief Fleet as well as NATO Commander-in-Chief Eastern Atlantic and NATO Commander Allied Naval Forces North West Europe. He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 1999 Birthday Honours.

In January 2001 he became First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff. In that role he entered into a contract to acquire up to 150 Joint Strike Fighter aircraft for the UK's two new aircraft carriers. He was advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in the 2002 Birthday Honours and retired on 3 December 2002.

Later career
In retirement Essenhigh became an advisor to Northrop Grumman and from 2010 to 2011 he was chief executive of its Information Systems Europe business, involved in the supply of command, control, and intelligence and counter-IED products to customers throughout Europe. He was also a non-executive director of Babcock International and Patron of Journey South 2007, an expedition to the South Pole. He has an interest in local matters and he remains a Deputy Lieutenant of Devon. His wife Susie is sponsor of the frigate HMS St Albans.

As essayist
On 13 June 2015, after the previous month's general elections, and together with Admiral of the Fleet Lord Boyce, Field Marshal Lord Walker and Air Chief Marshal Sir Peter Squire, he painted the UK Armed Forces as "feeble" and said "We are appeasing our enemies and making the same mistakes as in the 1930s during the rise of Nazism." He characterised the status quo as "parlous", argued for a review that would be "policy-led" as opposed to "resource-driven" and closed with an appeal for a review that "must demonstrate to potential enemies that Britain continues to be a country that will not be coerced into submission through military weakness when diplomacy fails in the future, as it did in the Thirties." The essay garnered at least two responses:
 * A journalistic report that restated Essenhigh's case, and noted that the Chancellor sought sweeping cuts, while Squire added that "Russia must now be the number one and major threat. What is going on in Eastern Europe, in Ukraine and so forth, could spill over into a major conflict" and Boyce reiterated that "Putin is behaving in a very aggressive and expansionist way and the Government does not seem to take it seriously because it is inconvenient to have to do something about it."
 * A direct response from Secretary of State for Defence Michael Fallon, that "Our Armed Forces are anything but 'feeble'". Fallon reiterated the government position that the international aid for law enforcement and women's rights budget should also be taken into account, as he said that "Those who belittle our Armed Forces’ efforts fail to recognise that our national security depends on tackling the causes of instability, not just treating the symptoms."

title: Nigel Essenhigh


text:
Talk:Björn Again

Title
Their official website has their name as Björn Again, see. I've moved accordingly. Megan1967 09:15, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

This entry is largely copied from the official site - surely a lot of work needs doing to make this a valid entry--C Hawke 07:34, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi
 * The name of the show and the ABBA tribute concept which I created in 1988 is Björn Again (including the two dots over the ö) It was always my intention from the very beginning for it to be spelt this way as a nod to the guitarist Björn in ABBA of course but also because it looked interesting and suggested a European / Scandinavian connection. it was very rare in Australia in 1980s to see in any form of media two dots over the letter Ö. This is my opinion made the name stand out in a graphic sense and was a talking point. Since then there have been many people who have misspelled it as bjorn again. To this day I still have to correct artwork / posters / biog for festivals etc. if Wikipedia existed in 1988 it would have been one of the first things I would have done. Hope this makes sense - please let me know if you need any further clarification. Regards Rod Stephen (rod@bjornagain.com) - this time without the ö !! Caymanarosa (talk) 15:36, 20 February 2023 (UTC)

Reverted a radical rewrite
I've reverted a radical rewrite of this article by. The article was reduced to two-thirds of its former size, much relevant and well sourced information was removed and some unsourced quotes were added. In shortm this was not of adequate standard for Wikipedia. --Anticipation of a New Lover's Arrival, The 15:52, 20 March 2008 (UTC)
 * The page reads like a bad newspaper article and is rather unencylopedic. It needs a radical rewrite. Duggy 1138 (talk) 21:47, 8 June 2008 (UTC)From: Mary Taylor (maryojblsrjo@hotmail.com)

Website Inconsistencies
There is something odd about the website if you look at it. The website gives a link to two different websites and 2 different versions of the history of the group. In the UK/Europe site Rod Leissle is now 'Rod Stephen' and there is no mentioned of John Tyrell compared to the the Australian site. from the history of this article it appears that Rod has contributed to this article and has tried to remove all references to John Tyrell. What is going on? Godfinger (talk) 23:48, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Hi Godfinger, i am just addressing this query. I am happy to answer any questions you may about Björn Again. I have been trying to correct the mis-information that has been put on this page for some time now. Björn Again was my creation 94.175.96.243 (talk) 14:55, 20 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Hi, I logged in so it interrupted my text.
 * the problem with John Tyrrell is that he continues to put forward a fantasy story that he and I jointly created the show. this is not the truth and he knows that, but cant deal with this reality. He was one of the six founding members who performed in the first show in May 1989 (this is acknowledged on the UK/ Europe site) However it was only me (Rod Stephen - my married name was Rod Leissle years ago)  who created the name and the concept in Oct 1988. So in an effort to document the correct history of events I have been systematically correcting and updating the information. I could explain the reason for the two websites in more detail if you need me to. its a little complicated but the main website www.bjornagain.com which is the one I have had all this time is the definitive website. The Australian website which I have no involvement with was supposed to only have hyperlinks to forthcoming Australian concerts but also has quite a lot of incorrect information. I am happy to discuss any and all info in an effort to keep this Wikipedia page historically correct. in 2008 I didn't know how to edit the page properly so I just deleted all the incorrect information (which John Tyrrell had someone post for him) - kind regards Rod Stephen Caymanarosa (talk) 15:21, 20 February 2023 (UTC)

External links modified
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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
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 * Bjornagain.JPG

title: Talk:Björn Again


text:
Talk:Anil Biswas (politician)

Untitled
why is this linked to the communist party of India....

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060330213837/http://www.anilbiswas.info:80/lastjourney.asp to http://www.anilbiswas.info/lastjourney.asp
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060409030802/http://www.hindu.com:80/thehindu/holnus/001200603261804.htm to http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/001200603261804.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060327060409/http://hindustantimes.com/news/181_1659538,000900030001.htm to http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/181_1659538,000900030001.htm

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title: Talk:Anil Biswas (politician)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Halover

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 22:34, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Halover
At any rate, this article is a dictionary definition, so a transwiki at least. However, I am unable to find these definitions of "Halover" anywhere else and suspect that we may be talking about neologisms. I will vote delete unless the definitions are confirmed. Sjakkalle 09:17, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * delete, concur, appears to be a protologism. Kappa 10:09, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Gamingcruftlogism. Not in common use. jni 10:41, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not in common use. Do not transwiki --Bucephalus 12:59, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, neologism. Megan1967 10:09, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Halover


text:
Talk:Lough

Lough and loch
Lough is not simply another spelling of loch. The two words have very distinct uses. And trying to write about lough as if it might be also loch becomes a very convoluted exercise. The result is not likely to be an easy read. Laurel Bush 09:18, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC).
 * When I look at the two articles, I see that both words refer to basically the same thing, with the exception that one of them is mostly in Ireland, and another is mostly in Scotland. The top parts of the artciels match 98%.
 * And it will be no more convoluted than it is confusing now to have two articles about the thing whose usage is not even clearly separated by nation, as the title of the article List of Irish lochs and loughs. The only perceivable objection is of nationalistic nature: which name is to be taken for the common article? I would suggest Loch and lough. Mikkalai 20:20, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Or Lough and loch? I note List of Irish lochs and loughs is now a redirect to List of Irish loughs. And there do seem to be a few people who want to use Lough and Loch to advance language-related nationalisms. Laurel Bush 4 July 2005 09:26 (UTC).

Please bear in mind that lough is nothing more than an anglicised version of the original loch in Irish and Scottish Gaelic. The only correct version of the word can be loch. Lough is of course widely used in anglicised placenames throughout Ireland and of course should be acknowledged in the article. However, exactly how many people in Ireland talk about loughs in English? I've only ever heard lake and lakes when referring to freshwater bodies. Sea loughs are referred to as loughs of course. I suggest Loch (Lough) with a brief explanation of the anglicised form. The form loch should take precedence, I think. As for the notion loch is only used in Scotland, that is utter nonsense. Every lake in Ireland is a loch. As for the pronunciation in English, some people say /lak/ and many others say /lax/. An Muimhneach Machnamhach 14:05, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

Pronunciation of Lough
Is it possible to add a note stating that the normal pronunciation of Lough is with a hard "k", as in "lawk" rather than the softer "ch" prevalent in Scotland. Its not a particularly important piece of information, but it does help to distinguish lough from loch. It also prevents my well-intentioned American friends from trying to pronounce the "gh" silently, as in "Lau Nay". Thanks! Gavin Gourley 12/22/05

Surname
As a surname Lough refers to a body of water? Laurel Bush 17:04, 10 February 2006 (UTC).

 * Bad article bro 86.45.48.195 (talk) 20:06, 4 April 2024 (UTC)

Not a phenomenon
This article seems to be about a word rather than about a phenomenon. Articles in Wikipedia should be about phenomena. If there are different words for one phenomenon, there should still be only one article. I is to bear one of the words as its title, and have redirects from the others. This article should be a fork. --Ettrig (talk) 10:19, 26 September 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lough


text:
User talk:192.223.243.6

July 2013
Hello, I'm Mdann52. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions, such as the one you made with this edit to Andrés López Forero, because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. Mdann52 (talk) 15:43, 18 July 2013 (UTC)

November 2014
This is your only warning; if you vandalize Wikipedia again, as you did at Mongoose, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. --Mr Fink (talk) 17:40, 13 November 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:192.223.243.6


text:
Project Arts Centre

Project Arts Centre is a multidisciplinary arts centre based in Temple Bar, Dublin, which hosts visual arts, theatre, dance, music, and performance.

History
Project Arts Centre was founded by Jim FitzGerald and Colm O'Briain in 1967 after a three-week festival at the Gate Theatre in 1966. Project Arts Centre was the first such arts centre in Ireland.

The Centre had several homes before it opened for business in a converted factory on East Essex Street in 1975, after numerous issues regarding funding. This building was demolished in 1998 and a new purpose-built space containing two auditoriums, a gallery and a bar opened on the same site in 2000, as part of the second phase of the regeneration of Temple Bar. The presence of the Centre, along with a number of other cultural institutions in Temple Bar, such as Irish Film Institute, the Temple Bar Gallery and Studios, Black Church Print Studios, the Gallery of Photography, and Temple Bar Music Centre (now the Button Factory), inspired the regeneration of the area as a cultural quarter.

The Centre
The centre has been a venue for many of the city's performing arts festivals, including the Dublin Dance Festival, Dublin Writers Festival, Dublin Fringe Festival and Dublin Theatre Festival. Since the Irish recession there has been an emphasis on cross-cultural productions.

In 2018, street artist Maser painted a mural in support of the Repeal the 8th "pro-choice" campaign, but the Centre was pressured by the Irish Government to paint over it.

title: Project Arts Centre


text:
User talk:Crudo

Anarchism template
I'll assume you're the anonymous user I was speaking to before. Place a section divider when adding a new comment, like I'm doing above, and please sign using the signature button (second from the right in the formatting buttons) or with four tildes, like so --~.

Anyways, I was exaggerating, but I'm involved in the anarchist movements in montreal for example, not too far from the US, and I haven't heard a thing about crimethinc since grade 10. That's about 6 years, this is the first I've heard about them since, and I can't seem to find the site that was originally passed on to me. Since they don't consider themselves a "school" anyways, I don't see what difference it would make, leaving crimethinc in the related links section, as opposed to placing it as a school. As to eco-anarchism, if you want to move that to "related subjects" too, go right ahead. The green anarchy article requires alot more work though. As to individualism, it's a pretty important school, whether it's well represented in the world or not, because of the history of anarchism. Especially in the US. Despite the post-left's likely denials, individualists paved the way for their development (though that's an opinion, not fact).--    Revolutionary Left   |  Che y Marijuana 09:20, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)

Crimethinc on 'related topics' is fine, and I will also move eco-anarchist and "green anarchy", which is generally the same thing as anarcho prim.

Somone put a link to anarcho-capitalism. I thought that we went over this whole thing and they were not going to be listed on this page.

Notability of Modesto Anarcho
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on Modesto Anarcho, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because Modesto Anarcho seems to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable. To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait before possibly deleting Modesto Anarcho, please affix the template to the page, and put a note on its talk page. If the article has already been deleted, see the advice and instructions at WP:WMD. Feel free to contact the bot operator if you have any questions about this or any problems with this bot, bearing in mind that this bot is only informing you of the nomination for speedy deletion; it does not perform any nominations or deletions itself. --Android Mouse Bot 2 19:52, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Crudo


text:
Frank McGuire

Frank Joseph McGuire (November 8, 1913 – October 11, 1994) was an American basketball coach. At the collegiate level, he was head coach for three major programs: St. John's, North Carolina, and South Carolina, winning over a hundred games at each program.

Early years
Born in New York City as the youngest of 13 children in an Irish-American family, to New York police officer, Robert McGuire and his wife, the former Anne Lynch (his father died when Frank was only two years old). He attended Xavier High School, graduating in 1933, McGuire graduated from St. John's University in 1936, playing under head coach James "Buck" Freeman. He served in the U.S. Navy during World War II, interrupting his work as a teacher and coach at his high school. Prior to 1947, he also played professional basketball briefly in the American Basketball League.

St. John's
After Joe Lapchick left St. John's to coach the New York Knicks in 1947, McGuire became head basketball and baseball coach at his alma mater. He led the baseball team to the College World Series in 1949 and the basketball team to the Final Four in 1952, becoming one of only three coaches to achieve both accomplishments. Their appearance in the NCAA championship game in 1952 is still their only one in program history.

North Carolina
In 1952, McGuire left St. John's to become the basketball coach at the University of North Carolina. On paper, this was a significant step down from St. John's. UNC was not reckoned as a national power at the time. However, school officials wanted a big-name coach to counter the rise of rival North Carolina State under Everett Case.

In his first season, McGuire briefly led the Tar Heels to their first appearance in a major poll, for two weeks in January and February 1953. After two middling seasons in the newly formed Atlantic Coast Conference, McGuire first made an impact in 1955, when his Tar Heels routed then-#5 Alabama 99–77. It was UNC's first defeat of a nonconference opponent ranked in the top 10 of a major media poll. They went on to share the ACC regular season title with N.C. State. A year later, McGuire guided North Carolina to an undefeated 32–0 season in 1956–57, capped off by winning the NCAA championship game 54–53 in triple overtime against the Wilt Chamberlain-led Kansas Jayhawks. McGuire's teams were built around a core of players from in and around New York City, such as Lennie Rosenbluth, Joe Quigg and Tommy Kearns.

In 1961, UNC was found guilty of major NCAA violations. Combined with rumors of point-shaving by some UNC players, this led Chancellor William Aycock to force McGuire's resignation after the season. At McGuire's suggestion, Aycock named McGuire's top assistant, Dean Smith, as the new coach.

Philadelphia Warriors
Soon after leaving North Carolina, McGuire became the head coach of the NBA's Philadelphia Warriors and coached Chamberlain during the Warriors' last season in the city. During this season, Chamberlain set his all-time record for scoring average in a season, of 50.4 points per game; additionally, this was the season in which Chamberlain scored 100 points in a single game. The team moved to San Francisco in 1962 and McGuire resigned rather than go west with the team.

South Carolina
Following his one season in the NBA, McGuire worked for two years in public relations in New York before returning to college basketball as head coach at the University of South Carolina in 1964. The Gamecocks achieved national prominence under McGuire in his sixth year, going undefeated in ACC play in 1970–one of only two times that an ACC team from the state of South Carolina has won a regular season title (the other being Clemson in 1990). The Gamecocks were denied an NCAA berth when they lost a controversial ACC championship game, in double overtime, to North Carolina State. In those days, only one team per conference was guaranteed a bid to the 25-team field. Ironically, the Gamecocks' home arena, Carolina Coliseum, hosted the NCAA East Regional that same year. The Gamecocks' 25 wins in 1970 were the most in school history until Frank Martin's 2016 team also won 25 games (Martin's 2017 Gamecocks broke the record, with 26 wins). McGuire's Gamecocks won the ACC tournament in 1971–to this day, the only ACC tourney title won by a school from the state of South Carolina.

The Gamecocks went independent in 1972, and McGuire would then go on to take the Gamecocks to three more NCAA Tournaments and two National Invitation Tournaments before being forced into retirement after the 1979–80 season. His 283 wins are by far the most in school history. The playing surface at the Gamecocks' former arena, Carolina Coliseum, is named Frank McGuire Arena in his honor. He is also an honorary brother of the Alpha Eta chapter of Phi Kappa Sigma at the University of South Carolina.

Legacy
McGuire holds the record for most victories in a season without a loss, together with Bobby Knight of the 1976 Indiana Hoosiers, at 32–0.

He achieved the number one ranking with both the University of North Carolina and South Carolina, and is one of five coaches--John Calipari, Larry Brown, Roy Williams and Rick Pitino are the others—to take two different schools to the NCAA Finals. He is one of 15 coaches, as of 2021, to take multiple schools to the Final Four. The others are: Roy Williams, Lute Olson, Jack Gardner, Forddy Anderson, Larry Brown, Eddie Sutton, John Calipari, Rick Pitino, Gene Bartow, Hugh Durham, Lou Henson, Bob Huggins, Kelvin Sampson, and Lee Rose.

McGuire was famous for using his New York City ties to enlist players to come south to play at UNC and USC, and was known as one of the top recruiters in the sport, frequently joking about how successful his New York City players, many of them Jewish and Catholic, were in Baptist-prevalent North Carolina and South Carolina. McGuire recruited so many New York City players to UNC and USC that the talent pipeline from NYC to the Carolinas was commonly referred to as the McGuire New York City Railroad.

Players that he coached or successfully recruited at the two schools include Lennie Rosenbluth (UNC), Larry Brown (UNC), Donnie Walsh (UNC), Doug Moe (UNC), Billy Cunningham (UNC), Bobby Cremins (USC), John Roche (USC), Tom Owens (USC), Tom Riker (USC), Kevin Joyce (USC), Brian Winters (USC), Mike Dunleavy, Sr. (USC) and Alex English (USC).

After having been the first coach to take two different schools to the finals of the NCAA basketball tournament, in 1971 he became the second coach – joining Eddie Hickey – to take three different schools to the NCAA tournament. McGuire was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1977, and retired in 1980.

He is the winningest coach in South Carolina history, and is still the third-winningest coach in North Carolina history. He died in Columbia, South Carolina.

He is not related to Marquette coach Al McGuire, who was a coaching contemporary of his. However, he did coach both Al and his brother Dick McGuire at St. John's. Members of his coaching tree include Al and Dick McGuire, Bobby Cremins, Dean Smith, Doug Moe, Donnie Walsh, Lou Carnesecca, Larry Brown, Billy Cunningham, and George Felton.

title: Frank McGuire


text:
Talk:Inlet

Stub mark
I am not seeing any real value in the stub mark. Ideas on this page about how to expand or otherwise improve the article would be more useful. Laurel Bush 09:22, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC).

Confusing
I find this article in its present form confusing. On the one hand, the definition is so broad as to be useless ("The Mediterranean Sea may be seen as an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean"), and on the other hand it ignores a very common use of 'inlet', as a short channel connecting an ocean or sea to an inland body of water, such as a lagoon. I find the defintion in the OED (1971 Compact edition) to be much more to the point:

"A narrow opening by which the water penetrates into the land; a small arm of the sea, an indentation in the sea-coast or the bank of a lake or river; a creek."

I had to look up "Geo" in the OED. It's a very obscure term. It really cries out for something better than a red-link. However, it belongs in a list of synonyms of inlet, not as part of a definition. I would like to drastically rewrite this article, but I'll hold off a few days to see what other think. --  Dalbury ( Talk )  16:02, 10 December 2005 (UTC)

I got to this page from the Trunking article. It appears that there's a second meaning of this term in the context of telecommunications. Perhaps a disambiguation page, or a merged article is called for? Themusicgod1 13:05, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Wiktionary has a second meaning, "a passage that leads into a cavity," that may cover the usage in Trunking. I doubt that meaning will support an article by itself. "Inlet switch", the context in Trunking, is also used in references to ice makers and aircraft ventilation systems, but the small number of Google hits suggests that 'inlet switch' will not stand alone as an article topic. -- Donald Albury 13:16, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

Norwegian equvalent
I am not sure about the true meaning of "sound" in English, but the Norwegian word "sund" has the meaning of a straight, i.e. a narrow passage of water between to areas of land. It does not refer to the waters following the straight and is hence misleading in this connection. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.202.236.244 (talk) 21:10, 6 July 2014 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
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title: Talk:Inlet


text:
The Mercury Program

The Mercury Program is an American musical group composed of Dave Lebleu on drums, Sander Travisano on bass guitar, Tom Reno on guitar, and Whit Travisano on vibraphone and piano.

History
The first three members formed a trio in August 1997 and Whit Travisano joined in late 1999. Originally based in Gainesville, Florida, the band members live in different cities across the United States.

Mercury Program's first two albums feature sparse, spoken-word vocals. However, beginning with the release of the 2001 EP All the Suits Began to Fall Off, the band moved to an entirely instrumental format.

The band toured extensively in support of their critically acclaimed 2002 album A Data Learn the Language. Then, following the release of the split EP Confines of Heat in 2003, the Mercury Program went on extended hiatus, sporadically working on new material over the next several years. Since then, the band has reconvened occasionally to record, release and tour. Chez Viking was released November 24, 2009, and on May 20, 2016, the band released the EP New Myths, both on Lovitt Records.

In 2018, A Data Learn the Language was recut and reissued as a double LP on vinyl.

Discography

 * Albums
 * The Mercury Program (Tiger Style, 1999)
 * From The Vapor of Gasoline (Tiger Style, 2000)
 * A Data Learn the Language (Tiger Style, 2002)
 * Chez Viking (Lovitt Records, 2009)
 * EPs
 * All the Suits Began to Fall Off (Boxcar, 2001)
 * Confines of Heat (split release with Maserati + DVD, Kindercore, 2003)
 * New Myths (Lovitt Records, 2016)
 * Compilation Appearances
 * Back To Donut! (A No Idea Compilation) (No Idea, 1998)
 * Singles / 7 inches
 * The Mercury Program / Versailles 7" (split release with Versailles, Boxcar, 1998)
 * Lights Out In Georgia 7" (Boxcar, 1998)

title: The Mercury Program


text: Category:Tribute bands

title: Category:Tribute bands