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Rotary cannon

A rotary cannon, rotary autocannon, rotary gun or Gatling cannon, is any large-caliber multiple-barreled automatic firearm that uses a Gatling-type rotating barrel assembly to deliver a sustained saturational direct fire at much greater rates of fire than single-barreled autocannons of the same caliber. The loading, firing and ejection functions are performed simultaneously in different barrels as the whole assembly rotates, and the rotation also permits the barrels some time to cool. Rotary cannons, external or self-driven are used in aircraft over reciprocating bolt autocannons which are more prone to jamming in high g environments. The rotating barrels on nearly all modern Gatling-type guns are powered by an external force such as an electric motor, although internally powered gas-operated versions have also been developed.

The cyclic multi-barrel design synchronizes the firing/reloading sequence. Each barrel fires a single cartridge when it reaches a certain position in the rotation, after which the spent casing is ejected at a different position and then a new round is loaded at another position. During the cycle, the barrel has more time to dissipate some heat away to the surrounding air.

Due to the usually cumbersome size and weight of rotary cannon, they are typically mounted on weapons platforms such as vehicles, aircraft, or ships, where they are often used in close-in weapon systems.

History
In 1852 a revolving barrel gun with a unique method of ignition was proposed by an Irish immigrant to America by the name of Delany.

The Gatling gun was another gun to use rotating barrels. It was designed by the American inventor Dr. Richard J. Gatling in 1861 and patented in 1862. Hand cranked and hopper fed, it could fire at a rate of 200 rounds per minute. The Gatling gun was a field weapon, first used in warfare during the American Civil War and subsequently by European and Russian armies.

The design was steadily improved; by 1876 the Gatling gun had a theoretical rate of fire of 1,200 rounds per minute, although 400 rounds per minute was more readily achievable in combat. By 1893, the M1893 Gatling gun could fire 800 to 900 rounds per minute. Gatling also developed examples of the M1893 powered by an electric motor driving the crank with a belt. Tests demonstrated the electric Gatling could fire up to 1,500 rpm in bursts.

Ultimately, the Gatling's weight and cumbersome artillery carriage hindered its ability to keep up with infantry forces over difficult ground. It was eventually superseded by lighter and more mobile machine guns such as the Maxim gun. All models of Gatling guns were declared obsolete by the U.S. Army in 1911, after 45 years of service.

Development of modern Gatling-type guns
After the Gatling gun was replaced in service by newer non-rotating, recoil- or gas-operated machine guns, the approach of using multiple rotating barrels fell into disuse for many decades. Some examples were developed during the interwar years but only existed as prototypes or were rarely used. During World War I, Imperial Germany worked on the Fokker-Leimberger, an externally powered 12-barrel Gatling gun that could fire more than 7,200 7.92×57mm rounds per minute.

After World War II, the U.S. Army Air Force determined that an automatic cannon of improved design with an extremely high rate of fire was required to achieve a sufficient number of large-caliber hits on fast-moving enemy jet aircraft. A larger-caliber cannon shell was deemed desirable as it could contain more explosives—compared to .30 and .50 caliber ammunition previously used—and thus able to destroy aircraft with only a few hits on target. However, autocannons suffered from a lower rate of fire than machine guns; a possible solution, the M39 revolver cannon, had problems with overheating and excessive barrel wear.

In June 1946, the General Electric Company was awarded a U.S. military defense contract to develop an aircraft gun with a high rate of fire which GE termed Project Vulcan. While researching prior work, ordnance engineers recalled the experimental electrically driven Gatling weapons of the turn of the 20th century. In 1946, a Model 1903 Gatling gun was borrowed from a museum and set up with an electric motor drive by General Electric engineers. During test firing, the 40-year-old design briefly managed a rate of fire of 5,000 rounds per minute.

In 1949 General Electric began testing the first model of its modified Gatling design, now called the Vulcan Gun. The first prototype was designated the T45 (Model A). It fired .60 in ammunition at about 2,500 rounds per minute from six barrels driven by an electric motor. In 1950, GE delivered ten initial model A T45 guns for evaluation. Thirty-three model C T45 guns were delivered in 1952 in three calibers: .60 cal., 20mm, and 27mm, for additional testing. After extensive testing, the T171 20mm gun was selected for further development. In 1956, the T171 20mm gun was standardized by the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force as the M61 20mm Vulcan aircraft gun.

One of the main reasons for the resurgence of the electrically or hydraulically powered multiple-barrel design is the weapon's tolerance for continuously high rates of fire. For example, 1000 rounds per minute of continuous fire from a conventional single-barreled weapon ordinarily results in rapid barrel heating followed by stoppages caused by overheating. In contrast, a five-barreled rotary gun firing 1000 rounds per minute fires only 200 rounds per barrel per minute, an acceptable rate of fire for continuous use. A multiple-barrel design also overcomes the limiting factor of the loading and extraction sequence. In a single-barrel design, these tasks must alternate, limiting the rate of fire. A multiple-barrel design allows loading and extraction to occur simultaneously on different barrels as they rotate. The design is also resistant to defective ammunition, which can cause normal machine guns to malfunction when a cartridge fails to load, fire, or eject from the weapon. Since the power source of a multiple-barrel design is external, it can simply extract defective rounds as it would a regular, spent cartridge.

M61 Vulcan and other designs
The M61 Vulcan 20 mm autocannon is the best-known of a family of weapons designed by General Electric and currently manufactured by General Dynamics. The M61 is a six-barreled 20mm rotary cannon that fires at up to 6,600 rounds per minute. Similar systems are available in calibers ranging from 5.56 mm to 30 mm (the prototype T249 Vigilante AA platform featured a 37 mm chambering).

Another multi-barrel design is the hydraulically driven GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm autocannon, carried on the A-10 Thunderbolt II (Warthog) attack aircraft, a heavily armored close air-support aircraft. It is a seven-barreled cannon designed for tank-killing and is currently the largest bore multi-barrel weapon active in the U.S. arsenal, and heaviest autocannon ever mounted into an aircraft, outweighing the WW II German Bordkanone BK 7,5 75mm aircraft-mount, tank-killing single barrel autocannon by some 630 kg (1,389 lb), with ammunition.

The Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-6-23 and GSh-6-30 are Russian gas-powered rotary cannon with maximum cyclic rates of 9,000 to 10,000 rounds per minute.

Self-driven examples
While electric motors were used to rotate the Vulcan barrels, a few examples of self-operated Gatling-derived weapons use the blow-forward, recoil or gas impulse from their ammunition. The Bangerter machine gun uses a blow-forward operation and is the most complex example. The Slostin machine gun uses a similar operation but with gas pistons on each barrels. The GShG-7.62 machine gun and GSh-6-23, both use a more effective, simpler gas piston drive in the center of the barrel cluster.

Minigun
Technically not a "cannon", the Minigun is more correctly classified as a rotary machine gun. During the Vietnam War, the 7.62 mm caliber M134 Minigun was originally created to arm rotary-wing aircraft, and could be fitted to various helicopters as either a crew-served or a remotely operated weapon. With a rate of fire from 2,000 to 6,000 rounds per minute from a 4,000-round linked belt.

As the GAU-2B/A, the Minigun was also used on the U.S. Air Force AC-47, AC-119 and Lockheed AC-130 gunships. The AC-47 was known during the Vietnam War as "Puff the Magic Dragon" and was said to be "the only thing that scared the VC". This weapon was also used on selected USAF helicopters. With sophisticated navigation and target identification tools, Miniguns can be used effectively even against concealed targets. The crew's ability to concentrate the Minigun's fire very tightly produces the appearance of the 'Red Tornado' from the light of the tracers, as the gun platform circles a target at night.

title: Rotary cannon


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User:Stevey7788/Maps

 * About the maps -- please click here for detailed information on the maps.

The big project (please wait for the images to load — this may take a while) :

 * Maps of San Francisco, California
 * Maps of Oakland, California
 * Maps of San Jose, California
 * Maps of Los Angeles, California
 * Maps of Chicago
 * Ancestries of Americans

Maps of San Francisco, California
These thematic maps of San Francisco, California illustrate the different neighborhoods and the contrasting demographics of the diverse city. Please click on the images for a larger view or for more information on it. The images are generated at the U.S. Census Bureau's American Factfinder.

Racial and ethnic groups

Economy

Maps of Oakland, California
These thematic maps of Oakland, California illustrate the different neighborhoods and the contrasting demographics of the diverse city. Please click on the images for a larger view or for more information on it. The images are generated at the U.S. Census Bureau's American Factfinder.

Racial and ethnic groups

Age and sex

Housing

Economy

Maps of San Jose, California
These thematic maps of the San Jose, California metropolitan area illustrate the different neighborhoods and the contrasting demographics of the diverse city. The San Jose East Side consist of poor, notoriously crime-ridden neighborhoods consisting mostly of Mexican immigrants. On the other hand, the affluent western cities of Cupertino, Saratoga, and Palo Alto are upper-class Asian communities with housing worth $900,000 or so. Many residents in western Santa Clara Valley work in San Jose's computer industry.

Please click on the images for a larger view or for more information on it. The images are generated at the U.S. Census' American Factfinder. The geographic limit is the block group (BG) level.

Racial and ethnic groups

Asians

Age and sex

Housing

Economy

Area of industry

Tranportation and utilities access

Social characteristics

Maps of Los Angeles, California
These thematic maps of Los Angeles, California illustrate the different neighborhoods and the contrasting demographics of the diverse city. South Los Angeles, East Los Angeles, Long Beach, Hollywood, Santa Monica and parts of the San Gabriel Valley (including Monterey Park) are focused on, while the San Fernando Valley is not shown because of space limitations.

The maps reveal that the section of South Los Angeles around Interstate 110 (the [[Harbor Freeway), along with East Los Angeles and Boyle Heights, are the poorest areas in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The area is approximately one-thirds African American and two-thirds Latino. Historically a segregated black community, the region is now home to many new Latino immigrants, many of whom arrived illegally because of the labor demand from the factories in Vernon and Commerce. The area is stricken by high rates of poverty, crime, and lack of education.

Please click on the images for a larger view or for more information on it. The images are generated at the U.S. Census' American Factfinder. The geographic limit is the census tract (CT) level.

Racial and ethnic groups

Social characteristics

Age and sex

Housing

Economy

Area of industry

Tranportation and utilities access

Maps of Chicago
These thematic maps of Chicago, Illinois illustrate the different neighborhoods and the contrasting demographics of the diverse city. Please click on the images for a larger view or for more information on it. The images are generated at the U.S. Census' American Factfinder.

Racial and ethnic groups

Ancestries of Americans
The majority of the 295 million American people currently living in the United States descend from European immigrants who have arrived since the establishment of the first colonies. Major components of the European segment of the United States population are descended from immigrants from Germany (15.2 percent), Ireland (10.8 percent), England (8.7 percent), Italy (5.6 percent), Scandinavia (3.7 percent) and Poland (3.2 percent) with many immigrants also coming from Slavic countries. Other significant european immigrant populations came from eastern and southern Europe and French Canada; few immigrants came directly from France. A large number of Americans (12.9 percent) are descended from African immigrants, the majority of whom were slaves. These numbers, however, are inaccurate as many citizens listed themselves as "American" on the census (7.2 percent).

Ancestry maps

 * Note on the images: These maps are self-generated by Wikipedia user Stevey7788 at the U.S. Census Bureau's American Factfinder site . "West Indian," "Arab," and "Sub-saharan African" ancestries are not listed. These maps focus only on the European ancestries of white or Caucasian Americans.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Stevey7788/Maps


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pope Alexander II of Alexandria

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. ugen 64 20:57, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Pope Alexander II of Alexandria
128.235.249.80 marked this vfd on April 7, but never made a subpage or listed it on vfd. I'm just bringing it here for resolution; do not consider this a vote. —Korath (Talk) 03:31, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. RickK 04:47, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Coptic Popes are inherently notable. - Mustafaa 06:44, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Notable coptic pope. Klonimus 07:45, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep obviously. If an anonymous contributor puts a VfD notice on a page and never follows up with actually creating a VfD-page - isn't that just a form of vandalism which could be reverted and ignored? (Or is there a slippery slope I am missing here?) / Uppland 09:07, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I've been trying to be as transparent as possible with these foundlings, though I do note that WP:GVFD says, "Incomplete nominations may be discarded or ignored." I'll bear this in mind in the future, and if anyone wants to close this as a speedy keep, I have no objections. —Korath (Talk) 11:25, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Your transparency is appreciated. The sentence in WP:GVFD is true in several senses, as I see it.  Several of these incomplete nominations have been ignored, for weeks in some cases, so it's true as a purely descriptive warning that incomplete nominations may be ignored.  It's also true in that there's leeway to choose to roll back incomplete nominations, to prevent vandals from overloading the system.  I'd argue that anonymity isn't the deciding factor.  But lack of an edit history comment when applying the VFD notice, and lack of any attempt whatever to create a discussion page, certainly weigh heavily against completing a nomination.  On the other hand the other contributions of  from the same period appear to be in good faith, and relate to a campaign to do something with a whole series of Pope articles.  On the gripping hand, if that user has a reason for this nomination, xe has incentive to come back and do it properly.  ☺ Uncle G 18:45, 2005 Apr 13 (UTC)
 * Keep - not that his vote appears to be needed. --Irishpunktom\talk 11:36, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. After all, he was Coptic Pope for 25 years so he must have done something notable in that period. Capitalistroadster 11:55, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Keep I think that VfD noms by anons who don't even bother to follow through the whole process can and should be safely ignored. Especially when there's no clear reason for deletion, as is the case here. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  12:53, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - we might as well delete this vote already :) Oliver Keenan 19:20, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable. Jayjg (talk) 23:02, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Although this vote appears to be unneeded (everyone's agreeing) I need to say keep as all the Patriarchates of the See of Alexandria are worth notable persons. And if an Anonymous person is willing to put an article up for voting. He or she should post a reasoning. -Markio 16:29, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand stub. -- M P er el ( talk 07:03, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Android Lust

Untitled
This article is no longer a stub, the notice was removed on this date.Iluvchineselit 03:32, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Article or fan page?
Quoting current first paragraph:

Android Lust is the vision of its sole creator, Shikhee. Born in Bangladesh, schooled in England and in the United States, Shikhee's background is as varied as the music she creates: running the emotional gamut from loss to discovery, from regret to carnivorous loathing. Borrowing elements from a variety of styles Android Lust presents a blend of electronic rock music that is dark, icy, and fiercely emotional.

I understand most artists articles on WikiPedia were written by their fans, but this is really very far from NPOV. "From loss to discovery, from regret to carnivorous loathing"? Come on... RafaelLopez 19:44, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

_______________

-_- God... the music isn't "embraced by the Goth culture due to its themes of hurt, loneliness, emo, more emo....". It's embraced by Goth music fans, because it sometimes falls under the genre Darkwave, which is a type of Goth music. Geez...

72.89.248.132 03:43, 26 August 2007 (UTC)

_______________ "Her music is embraced by the gothic culture for its themes of hurt, loneliness, lust, rejection, impatience and anger, though Shikhee dislikes the 'goth' label."

This is completely untrue, just like the person above said. The Goth subculture is not about hurt, lust, rejection, etc...and is kind of insulting. This is looking very familiar to the IKEA incident. I'm not sure how many (if any) are familiar with that event, but its very reminiscent of it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by C6ra6zy6 (talk • contribs) 20:02, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

Regardless of whether it insults Goths or not, stating that the Goth culture accepts her for such and such is definetly POV. Who makes up this "Goth Culture"? Does every Goth accept her? This line is entirely messed up, and the article is a mass of POV shit. Someone make the appropriate edits. Canutethegreat 23:34, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

I made some reasonably small edits to the page for NPOV violations. I also removed the portion of the introduction about its Gothic appeal, which seemed to be a point of contention. Parts of the article may still need to be made relevant, and there are still NPOV violations and a complete lack of citations. --17:07, 7 April 2008 (UTC)Foundling (talk)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Android Lust. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071110182010/http://www.regenmag.com/Interviews-24-Android-Lust.html to http://www.regenmag.com/Interviews-24-Android-Lust.html

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Karin?
Yes, they are friends. However, the correct spelling of her name as an artist is kaRIN. 158.174.226.96 (talk) 05:24, 27 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Android Lust


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Poxy

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete (blk-cmp error). – ABCD 01:32, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Poxy
Atlantima marked this vfd on March 28, but never made a subpage or listed it on vfd. I'm just bringing it here for resolution; do not consider this a vote. —Korath (Talk) 03:32, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete band vanity. Sjakkalle 08:02, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, band vanity. Megan1967 08:20, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, band vanity, not notable... there's been lots of this lately. EDIT: they have two releases, oooh wow, they'll vanish by 2007 if not before. Master Thief Garrett 05:25, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Poxy


text:
Talk:Alan Jones (radio broadcaster)

Year of birth
This ongoing silliness can surely be solved by looking at the Chris Masters source - "His rightful birthdate appears to be April 13, 1941..." This is supported by some impeccable logic and evidence, such as "School records show him starting at Acland Primary in 1946", and "If 1943 is correct, then when he started at teachers' college in 1959, Alan Jones was just 15", so not terribly likely. HiLo48 (talk) 05:55, 13 April 2020 (UTC)

 * This article unequivocally states his age as 79, making his year of birth 1941. I know a lot of his fans might object to the ABC as a source, but this is not the sort of thing it gets wrong. I have updated the article. HiLo48 (talk) 23:39, 11 May 2020 (UTC)

Themes
Rather than listing ‘controversies’ randomly, these could perhaps be grouped by ‘theme’. Eg: –science denial (climate science, covid19) –inciting racism (Yunupingu, Dodson, Cronulla riots, China, ‘looking like a skunk’, N word) –misogyny (Gillard, Ardern) Errolhunt (talk) 00:10, 26 May 2020 (UTC)

London incident- currency symbol/link
The section entiltled "London incident" states that "the second charge was also later dropped, with Jones' lawyers winning ₤70 in costs". The symbol "₤" refers to, and links to the page for, the Italian Lira, instead of Pound Sterling, which uses the symbol "£". Can someone with appropriate authority please change this? (I do not)AlJenko98 (talk) 17:58, 2 September 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 26 October 2020
Change "At least five companies canceled advertising with Jones' 2GB radio show following complaints from customers" to "530 companies cancelled advertising with Jones' 2GB radio show following a consumer campaign by the Mad Fucking Witches which eventually let to Alan Jones announcing his retirement from 2GB."

Evidence: https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/programs/hack/alan-jones-resigns-after-nine-month-mad-witches-ad-boycott/12239326 Sammywench (talk) 03:59, 26 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. The offered source is a podcast hosted but ABC but the actual claims of the number of boycotting companies and the financial effects are anonymous "source claim" type statements. The offered source also does not take an explicit position on whether the boycott directly caused the retirement so implying it did would be WP:SYNTH.  Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 06:24, 26 October 2020 (UTC)
 * , It is usually better to present follow-up evidence such as you emailed me on this talk page so that other users can view the sources and contribute. This is a collaborative project and neither I nor anyone else is individually the final arbiter of any particular claim in an article. You will probably want to read the Core Content Policies and the Biographies of Living Persons policy to better understand what kinds of claims can be made and what it takes to support them.  Contentious material about living persons (or, in some cases, recently deceased) that is unsourced or poorly sourced—whether the material is negative, positive, neutral, or just questionable—should be removed immediately and without waiting for discussion. The Google spreadsheet is certainly not what we would consider a reliable source and the BLP policy mandates that we don't make claims sourced to such sources. Of the other sources you emailed me, the only one that I would consider a RS for BLP purposes is the Sydney Morning Herald article.  Everything that article could be used to support is already in the article so it doesn't add much, though.  I hope this helps. Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 16:48, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alan Jones (radio broadcaster)


text: User talk:68.155.197.230

title: User talk:68.155.197.230


text:
Self Title

Self Title (styled as self=title) is Treble Charger's EP originally released in February 1995. It was re-released by RCA on November 26, 1996, and BMG in 1997. The album was nominated for "Best Alternative Album" at the 1997 Juno Awards.

This disk featured CD-ROM contents, called "screen zine" in the track listing, profiling some of the band's friends and colleagues in the Canadian indie rock scene of the era (including Change of Heart, Hayden, The Inbreds, Thrush Hermit, By Divine Right and Shortfall.)

Track listing
All songs written by Treble Charger.

There were 3 different releases of this cd, one was self-released, one released by Sonic Unyon and one released by RCA for the American market. The self-released copy had a data track at the start (which is the screen zine part of it), the Sonic Unyon one had the zines, but it wasn't visible to cd players. The RCA release included the tracks Disclaimer and Half Down (tracks 8 and 9) and the bands on the zines were changed to American bands.
 * 1) "Morale" – 4:37
 * 2) "Even Grable" – 4:10
 * 3) "Case In Fact" – 4:13
 * 4) "Cleric's Hip" – 1:56
 * 5) "Sick Friend Called" – 3:27
 * 6) "Motor Control" – 3:18
 * 7) "Slight" – 4:56
 * 8) "Disclaimer" – 3:12 *
 * 9) "Half Down" – 2:48 *

Credits

 * Treble Charger – Mixing
 * Greig Nori – Guitar, Vocals
 * Bill Priddle – Guitar, Vocals
 * Rosie Martin – Bass guitar, Vocals (background)
 * Morris Palter – drums
 * Jon Auer – Mixing
 * Joao Carvalho – Mastering
 * Chris Jackson – Artwork
 * Ted Jensen – Mastering
 * Brian Malouf – Mixing
 * Brad Nelson – Mixing Assistant
 * Rob Sanzo – Engineer

title: Self Title


text:
Talk:Day of Silence

HIV Statistics
I removed the information on MSM/Gay men and HIV because it is not relevant to Day of Silence, though it may be relevant to the MSM/Gay male community as a whole. The section on citing of statistics in relation to NDOS is certainly sufficient

Date
I understand that the Day of Silence is April 13th this year (2005). Is it April 13th in every year? How is the date determined? -- Creidieki 03:34, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * In 2001 it was April 4. It traditionally is early in April but presumably the specific day is now decided by GLSEN. Hyacinth 01:43, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I think it's always on a wednseday (I probably spelled that wrong, I always do)
 * I Concur. Ccool2ax 13:39, 26 April 2006 (UTC)
 * It usually falls on the third Friday of the month now. This year it is April 21st. 38.124.250.3 (talk) 20:43, 11 April 2017 (UTC)

Criticism
I think there should be a criticism section. And no, I'm not an anti-queer christian or anything, I'm a queer anarchist with many gay and bi friends and have taken part in DOS 2 or 3 times. I personally feel it is somewhat ineffective. I think a Day of Shouting would be much better. Or any day to actually give our voices a chance to shine. The problem is, people try to ask what your doing, and you can't really tell them b/c all you have is a little card and it is really hard to truly convince anyone of anything if you can't articulate your position. Another idea, would be to have an entire week of queer activism including a DOS along with other more vocal and less-symbolic protests at the same time. On a campus with lenient rules rules regarding shows of affection, have a gay makeout session or something on the quad. Confronting heterosexist student organizations, speakers, campaigns for gender-neutral bathrooms etc. Just my two cents. But anyway, I don't just want to put my own personal rant into the article, so if there are any good sources of similar (or other criticisms), a critique section to the article would be good.

 * When I was 15 I organized my highschool to participate.  That was almost 9 years ago.   Looking back today, I think that being silent was very powerful for each of us, particularly for a group of people who were already "shouting."   Lets not knock this brave, bold move that young people today are taking.   As queer anarchists, we ought to show glowing love and support to young queers using there voice (which I would argue being silent is doing) to open up some more space for themselves and everyone to be more safe.   Furthermore, being silent has allowed this movement to win certain kinds of recognition within schools, and as this is about making schools safe, rather then tearing them down, its probably important to think not only about our own righteous desires to shout at people but also about the ways in which we might carefully and thoughtfully take action that brings about a new and better condition of justice.

 * My High School, for some reason, did this late this year. The biggest problem was that the people who really noticed and payed attention to my silence were the people who already cared, so as a protest it did nothing. As a symbolic representation, does it have any use? Why be silent when, instead, you can make it so others do not have to be silenced? Is not prevention of more silence a better tribute? Voluntary participation means that those who need to understand what this silencing is doing are the ones who aren't silent.
 * AntiUsername 19 May 2006 (UTC)

 * There are 364 other days in the year that people can use to scream and shout. Gay pride parades are the most lively and in your face in the world. One of the reasons this silent protest was developed is because gay students who make vocal protests at schools are in very real danger of being physically attacked: it is a form of passive resistance which is symbolic but also practical. And many protests, of all different forms, are meant to create solidarity, a strength of bond between like minded people, not only to change the minds of others, which will never be done in a single day, anyhow. Though at universities where this protest is practcied by hundreds or thousands of people, it can actually have a dramatic immediate effect too. BarkingDoc 20:07, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I am puzzled why you'd talk about screaming and shouting to me. Vocal protest doesn't mean shouting or screaming. It sometimes means nicely pointing out that gay people are people as well, and should have rights. This is actually sometimes effective. Also, I just want to mention that one does not have to be gay to make a vocal protest against mistreatment, as your message unintentionally implies. As well, I was just noticing that a lot of it, in my experience, was preaching to the choir, and this might be different elsewhere. Also, I did participate, as I said, and gave it the one day a year.
 * AntiUsername 23:27, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I apologize if you took "screaming and shouting" as judgemental; I didn't mean it that way. I personally support all forms of expression and protest, from peaceful to very rowdy. In any case, this conversation isn't relevant to the article. If you want to talk more feel free to contact me on my talk page. BarkingDoc 19:25, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

I am neutral on the issue of whether there "should" be a criticisms section, however, there should only be one if there is information to include in it. I took some time to look for references regarding the criticisms offered in the section, or to find any others, and I have not been able to find any discussion or instance of those opinions. Therefore I am removing the following two paragraphs until such time as a citation can be included:

 * The day has been criticized by some for being too narrow in its scope. Rather than focusing solely on GLBT issues, some feel it should cover a broader range of societal issues. The variation of having students choose their own cause to be silent for is supported by these individuals.

 * For many students apathetic to the cause, the day may be seen as a minor annoyance and in some schools, these students may make a game of seeing how many of their classmates who observe the day they can get to accidently break their silence.

Without citations these paragraphs contain no information, only opinion, and therefore I think they don't warrant inclusion even with the [citation needed] note.

Because there is no available criticism, I am changing the heading to the more accurate term "opposition" and rewriting the "Day Of Truth" paragraph to indicate accurately that it is a Christian evangelical group opposed to homosexuality; the reference comes from the organization's own web page.

Since the 2006 date is approaching this page is likely to get a lot of visits in the next couple of weeks, so it is more important than ever to have a high standard of accuracy and neutral information. BarkingDoc 05:13, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Ehrm, on the ADF thing, when I read the day of truth website I only see "The Day of Truth was established to counter the promotion of the homosexual agenda and express an opposing viewpoint from a Christian perspective.", but it doesn't seem to say that it is necessarily for the cause of evangelism, and it appears more opposed to the agenda they believe exists rather than being anti-gay, unless you meant anti-gay as in the orientation as a whole. Homestarmy 12:38, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

I agree that "evangelical" is not the right term. I think "Christian political foundation" is accurate based on what I have read. BarkingDoc 01:15, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

Why would they want to have a "Day of Silence" when "silence is consent." It seem we would be agreeing with the oppression of LGBT. If you don't speak out, you are enabling it. 204.184.80.26 (talk) 18:34, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

Oppression?
I don't understand how the word "oppression" is being used in the section heading "Opposition/oppression." I don't think the section deals with anyone being oppressed. Can you clarify? BarkingDoc 15:01, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't get it either, it sounds kind of mean. Homestarmy 15:13, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

NPOV
It is definetly tricky to get the right wording here, especially in the opposition section, because the ADF really IS a group which lobbies for the right of Christians to harass and intimidate gays--- which is to say, they believe students should be allowed to express anti-gay beliefs with the same aggresive vigor that students might be allowed to express anti-war beliefs. They also have a legitimate legal/free speech argument. It isn't accurate to play down their very strong anti-gay agenda, but it also isn't fair to over-stress that aspect. For my money, I think we have managed to strike an excellent tone of straightforward, non-judgemental information in the article as it exists right now. BarkingDoc 21:44, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Harass and intimidate sounds like bullying people, you know, shoving them into lockers, stealing their lunch money, hacking their computers, that kind of thing. People might get really ticked off when people tell them that the Bible condemns homosexuals, but there's a pretty big line between ticking people off and harassment :/. Does the day of truth website encourage Christians to chase homosexuals down the hall screaming after them? And what do you mean by "Anti-gay", you mean against the people or against the orientation? Homestarmy 21:04, 6 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't think there is any difference. Hyacinth 09:13, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Well think about it, if you were, for example, anti-Bush, does that necessarily mean you are both against the president as a person and against his policies? Homestarmy 13:48, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

 * If you can think of a more accurate term than "anti-gay" then feel free to try and use it. I don't see any problem with it. Honestly, considering how tiny the "Day Of Truth" is (less than 1 percent the size of the Day of Silence), I think it is a stretch to include it in this article at all. BarkingDoc 17:53, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Perhaps for now I suppose. But wasn't there more to the opposition section than just the Day of Truth? Homestarmy 19:02, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I assumed there was other activity, but so far I have found one article about one man who does a counter protest at one school. If anyone can find more, it might add up to something. BarkingDoc

Merged Opposition to ADF
There was a tag at Alliance Defense Fund suggesting the "Day Of Truth" be merged there, so I went ahead and did it. I think that information makes a lot more sense in the context of the ADF's other activities, and I don't see any noteworthy reason for it to be here, at least not in any detail. The Day of Truth also has its own article. BarkingDoc 18:09, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

Find a source?
From the article:
 * "There have been several instances in which participants of the Day of Silence faced disciplinary action for the disturbance of regular day-to-day school operations."

I actually believe this is true, and I think we can leave it in for now, but can the contributor or someone find a source which would support it? There might be something on the Day Of Silence website.

I did have to remove the new "opposition" section-- I understand the intent, but anything like that really needs to have sources. This isn't the place for debate. BarkingDoc 21:11, 29 May 2006 (UTC)

Number of people participating
I think the source listed for how many people participated, along with the estimation should be removed. It provides no references to how the estimation is made. The validity of the claim is highly suspect based on the sites agenda. --FreeThoughts (talk) 09:05, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

GLSEN cites this info on their website although the wiki currently says something about students dying for whatever reason. Editing that! 38.124.250.3 (talk) 20:45, 11 April 2017 (UTC)

Clarification please?
The article IMO leaves it to the readers judgment if this day is a "LGTB-Action Only" or if it is meant to support anybody who is recipient/victim of bullying and harassment, regardless of whatever group/class/peer they belong to. The Goal would certainly have to be to end ALL bullying, or am I wrong? Are some people being left behind? -80.135.159.224 (talk) 13:51, 14 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I think most people observing the Day of Silence would agree that all bullying is wrong, but this event is specifically a protest of the way that GLBT teens have to be silent about themselves or risk harassment, and the way schools often choose to be silent about the existence of GLBT teens. -FisherQueen (talk · contribs) 16:31, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

Lawrence King
I think I'm going to be adding a few sentences about Lawrence King under the history section. He's the middle schooler from Oxnard that was shot by another kid during class because of his sexuality. This year's Day Of Silence is going to be held in memory of him. Also, I'm correcting the date. For some reason someone said the DOS is always on a Friday, this year it's actually a Tuesday and, I believe, last year was a Wednesday. Teh darkcloud (talk) 02:09, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

Oh! Whoa. Nevermind. I'll change it back. This year it -is- a Friday. I have no idea what calendar I was looking at. Teh darkcloud (talk) 07:02, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

Outside the US?
There's absolutely no information in this article as to how (or even whether) the Day of Silence takes place outside the US. If it is mostly/entirely an American thing, then this should be mentioned in the lead. If it's more international, then some non-US examples should be given. 86.132.137.5 (talk) 04:07, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I've added "in the United States" to the intro, since it does indeed seem to be strictly an American event. --Delirium (talk) 07:35, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

 * it has been done in canada as well, so maybe in north america 199.185.84.194 (talk) 16:54, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

My recent edits
I've removed material that seemed to be more about explaining what's bad about being gay than explaining what the Day of Silence is, or even explaining who opposes it and why. More neutral and sourced information about the counter-protests would be useful, especially the observation of Day of Truth which some groups sponser. -FisherQueen (talk · contribs) 16:29, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

Objectivity?
I'm wondering whether this article is as objective as it should be. While I am certainly not against the rights of LGBT people and believe that their voices should be heard just as loudly as straight people, the article neglects to mention some of the downsides to a day of silence. When I was in high school, the day of silence seemed impractical, since students are not allowed to verbally express their opinions and purposes. Also, a school-wide observance of this event often disrupts actual teaching and learning at schools by removing many students from the schools and prohibiting protesters from engaging in school activities. Also, "conservatives" are not the only opponents to this event, so I don't think that the last section should be titled "conservative criticism." There should definitely be a section that outlines these criticisms, which can are commonly found in media coverage of the day of silence events at public schools. See this Seattle Times article on a recent day of silence event to start with. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2004373481_websilence25e.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.91.148.170 (talk) 22:14, 26 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I pretty much agree with what you've said, and I do beleive that the "Opposition" section should be more inclusive of other views. I've started by removing "Conservative" from the section heading. —Mears man (talk) 02:54, 27 April 2008 (UTC)
 * And I added material as well. The way it was written it looked like the efforts to get kids to skip school was all talk and no action.  I have added an example of actual action, and coincidentally it is similar to the one above. --LegitimateAndEvenCompelling (talk) 03:18, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, ref
In the Opposition section, after the statement: Legally, schools cannot be penalized for refusing to observe the Day of Silence. I have previously placed this statement: However, students that choose to participate, even if their school does not acknowledge the event, are protected by the Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District supreme court case, which extended the First Amendment to the United States Constitution to students.

But people keep removing it and saying stuff about the ref. I said under the ref: ''Under United States common law, a supreme court decision becomes law (Case law). Students are protected by the outcome of the Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District case.'' Another example of United States common law would be Roe v. Wade, which made abortion in the first trimester legal and protected by federal. This became law after the decision of the the case made by the judge. If you do not understand what common law is, WHICH IT THE LEGAL SYSTEM OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND 49 OF THE 50 STATES, the basic meaning is the outcome of a case, such as Roe v. Wade or Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, becomes law based on the judges ruling. If you still do not understand how common law works or would like to know more about it please see the article. Another example of how the Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District case is used is to protect the rights of students who write for a student newspaper.

 * See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:LegitimateAndEvenCompelling#Tinker_v._Des_Moines_Independent_Community_School_District_on_Day_of_silence for my response to this. --LegitimateAndEvenCompelling (talk) 14:45, 30 April 2008 (UTC)
 * What is their to discuss, i'm right your wrong. You aren't even placing an argument, just saying "wiki policy", well maybe you should take a look too, cause it's obvious you don't even know what you are talking about.
 * Cooljuno411, please calm down. LegitimateAndEvenCompelling is not saying that you are wrong about case law or the implications of Tinker v. Des Moines.  All that we're saying is that Wikipedia requires a reliable, third-party source stating that Tinker v. Des Moines applies to Day of Silence by allowing students to participate in this event even if their school does not recognize Day of Silence. Without such a source, the statement falls under WP:SYN and cannot remain in the article. — MearsMan   talk  20:39, 30 April 2008 (UTC)
 * WP:SYN, that's it. I couldn't put my finger on the policy.  Thanks. --LegitimateAndEvenCompelling (talk) 00:56, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

 * That is an illegitimate argument, i am not construeing the data to make "original research". I don't know how you aren't understanding, it's very simple, the decision of a court case becomes law (case law) under a common law jurisdiction, what is so hard to understand about that? You would probably understand if you actually looked at the articles i have provided for you to read. I personally think there is a bias opinion that does not want to except the facts. common law jurisdictions are common in nations that were colonized by Britain such as Australia, Canada, and the United States.
 * We aren't allowed to make the connections ourselves; we can only report the connections made by reliable sources. Have there been any court cases specifically related to the day of silence whose results we could reference?  If it has never been taken to court, then maybe we don't need a section saying what would happen if it were.  We aren't lawyers, nor are we fortunetellers; we report what has happened, not what would or will happen.  -FisherQueen (talk · contribs) 11:41, 1 May 2008 (UTC)
 * That is not my argument, i said that court case extended the first amendment to students, now please justify what is wrong with that, you all keep saying i am making assumptions and original research, but no, that court case extended the first amendment right to students, simple as that, what is so hard to understand.
 * The problem I see is that you are not merely stating that Tinker v. Des Moines granted the first amendment right to students or you wouldn't be posting it here, but rather on an article about the court case or student rights. What you are doing is posting information about this court case in this article, implying that Tinker v. Des Moines grants students the right to partake in Day of Silence regardless of whether the school acknowledges the event. As far as I can tell, the court case said nothing about Day of Silence, and your additions to the article therefore fall under WP:SYN. — MearsMan   talk  20:26, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

 * No, i am merely saying that Tinker v. Des Moines granted students the first amend. right. That why i said in a previous post: "...my argument, i said that court case extended the first amendment to students,'...' That is all i have been saying this whole time... and i was giving common law as the justification to why that is...

Lego my logo
The page says:

 * thumb|right|400px|The Day of Silence logo that can be seen on their website.

This is incorrect. This is not the logo. That is just a graphic on the page, like the "Remember Lawrence King" graphic. The logo is "Day of Silence" in red and grey letters with striped red underlining and the r in a circle registration mark ®. I was going to remove the graphic but that might have been too drastic, so I'm bringing it to people's attention here. And that caption is poorly worded anyway. --LegitimateAndEvenCompelling (talk) 05:02, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Hello, we meet again... I think it's both.  The red and black mouth logo is called brand.jpg on their site.  Since they explicitly offer banners for placement on web sites; this undated combined one would probably be best to replace the current one in the article.  —EqualRights (talk) 13:44, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

 * That's better. That mouth brand is totally unrecognizable.  At least combined with the words it's much better.  A brand is designed to be recognizable.  That benefits both the brand's owner and the consumer.  The mouth by itself doesn't benefit anyone, in my opinion. Actually, it looks like it's talking or screaming, not being silent.  Further, the words are stylized as if they were intended to be or be by themselves a logo --LegitimateAndEvenCompelling (talk) 14:38, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Ok, I'll take care of it —EqualRights (talk) 22:18, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Looks lovely! Thanks. --LegitimateAndEvenCompelling (talk) 03:45, 20 November 2008 (UTC)

 * And new placement is better. —EqualRights (talk) 14:00, 20 November 2008 (UTC)

Non-sequitur reaction
Some reactions in the discussion here and from the Christian Rights treat the day as if it was about silencing the opposition. But the day is clearly about being silent in protest. No section of the article should pretend otherwise (like the quasi-critcism section "Opposition" does). --84.153.102.77 (talk) 19:14, 5 March 2011 (UTC)

April 15, 2011
On 11:47, 9 March 2011 66.235.228.29 posted in the article:

"when is 2011's Day of silence ?"

According to http://dayofsilence.org/ it will be on April 15, 2011. -- Limulus (talk) 18:31, 9 March 2011 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Day of Silence
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Day of Silence's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "Newsweek": From List of unlawfully killed transgender people:  From Murder of Larry King:  From Significant acts of violence against LGBT people:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 19:13, 3 March 2013 (UTC)

What IS the Day of Silence?
I clicked on the Wikipedia link to find out what the Day of Silence is, and I feel like the article didn't answer my question at all. It's an "annual day of action", but what action? What do you actually DO on the Day of Silence? Not talk at all? Just not talk outside of class? Or is the name a metaphor and silence is actually not involved? (And what's the background behind deciding that silence, metaphorical or otherwise, is a good way to deal with LGBT bullying issues? I just feel like I'm missing something here.)

If someone who knows the answers to these questions could add them to the article, I think that would be a big improvement.

2602:306:3280:5870:E01A:ED13:A7D2:2713 (talk) 18:53, 15 April 2016 (UTC)

 * The introduction did contain an explanation, then the article was vandalised changing the explanation to something offensive, then the new offensive explanation was removed but nobody thought to restore the original explanation. Anyway I restored the original explanation, but it could still be improved. Walkerjames213423143242 (talk) 10:32, 29 May 2016 (UTC)

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Date paragraph for Day of Silence is getting confusing
Because the date started out being the 2nd Friday of April but the last 4 out of 5 times the org that decides the date has instead simply picked a day, we now have more exceptions than dates that fit the rule even if you go back 7 years total (inclusive). I just updated to add this year (yet another date that doesn't fit the 2nd Friday rule) and it took me a bit to understand the formatting and how to add the new date and it all felt really awkward (whether you are reading or editing). Perhaps something like this would work better: "Up until 2019 the date was primarily held on the 2nd Friday of April (expect 2019 when... blah), however since 2020 the day has simply been designated year by year. Below are the dates for the Day of Silence since 2020:" — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jmckey (talk • contribs) 13:48, 19 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Day of Silence


text:
Talk:1992 in music

The Chronic: "First" blockbuster hip-hop album?
The Chronic was not exactly the first blockbuster hip-hop album: the Beastie Boys' Licensed to Ill (1986) has that honor. Though someone might argue otherwise, the fact remains: it is a hip-hop album, and it was a blockbuster, and it was the first (86). Alexander 007 03:34, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) Agreed. Beasties were there first and it IS hip-hop. Dre's album is still notable but the wording needs to be more about perhaps being the first glimpse of Snoop Doggy Dogg as well as its success for Dre. 12.171.224.124 (talk) 18:48, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

Faith no More "Angel Dust"
I'm moving Faith No More's "Angel Dust" into the releases section, seeing as they never recorded any song called "Angel Dust," but Angel Dust was a highly influential album from that year. Lastanzabianca

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.rollingstone.com/photos/gallery/5392234/1992_rolling_stone_covers/photo/13/large/icet
 * In 1992 in music on 2011-05-25 06:01:43, 404 Not Found
 * In 1992 in music on 2011-06-08 01:48:50, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 01:49, 8 June 2011 (UTC)

Enya - "The Celts"
The Celts was released on 6th November 1992. Not listed.

Alice in Chains - Sap
Can someone who knows how to edit the table please remove "Alice in Chains - Sap" from the March 21 listing? The EP is listed twice in the table and according to the EP's page (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sap_(album) the first listing (in February) is the correct one.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.83.232.185 (talk) 04:51, 26 June 2013 (UTC)

Annie Lennox - Diva
According to the album wikipedia page (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diva_(Annie_Lennox_album)), this album was released April 6, 1992, not April 27, as it's currently on this page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.83.232.185 (talk) 21:18, 26 June 2013 (UTC)

Nick Cave & the Bad Seeds - Henry's Dream
According to its wikipedia page (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%27s_Dream) this album was released on April 27, 1992, not May 12 as this page has it listed. Please fix. Thanks! Mylifeinthe90s (talk) 21:39, 26 June 2013 (UTC)

PJ Harvey - Dry
PJ Harvey's album "Dry" is listed as released on 30 March 1992 on the album's wikipedia page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_(album) but as released on 30 June 1992 on this page. Please fix. Thanks! Mylifeinthe90s (talk) 23:30, 26 June 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:1992 in music


text: Category:382 BC births

title: Category:382 BC births


text: Category:301 BC deaths

title: Category:301 BC deaths


text: User talk:69.228.107.248

title: User talk:69.228.107.248


text: User talk:84.66.24.32

title: User talk:84.66.24.32


text:
File:Western Horseman.jpg

Source: Western Horseman

title: File:Western Horseman.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Nightly Business Report

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was redirect. ugen 64 20:59, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The Nightly Business Report
Page should be deleted since: Wendell 03:38, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * No potential to become encyclopedic
 * Completely idiosyncratic non-topic
 * Also unclear if topic is a Film, TV show, Play, whatever
 * Nothing links to it (although that is fixable)

 * Redirect to Nightly Business Report. Zzyzx11 | Talk 03:41, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I assume the original author of that article meant this program because Paul Kangas and Susie Gharib are the anchors. Zzyzx11 | Talk 03:44, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I grew up watching NBR! I'm being bold and redirecting. Samaritan 05:39, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree with redirect. Mgm|(talk) 10:07, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Let redirect stand. --InShaneee 19:00, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Holzmaden

Holzmaden is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany that lies between Stuttgart and Ulm. Holzmaden is 4 km south-east from Kirchheim unter Teck and 19 km south-east of Esslingen am Neckar. The A 8 runs south from Holzmaden. The town and surrounding area are well known as the source of exceptionally well-preserved fossils from the Jurassic period.

Demographics
1=census results

Mayors

 * Christian Burkhardt (1945–1952)
 * Otto Vogt (1952–1982)
 * Jürgen Berner (1982–1998)
 * Jürgen Riehle (1998–2014)
 * Susanne Jakob (2014–2021)
 * Florian Schepp (since 2021)

Infrastructure and facilities
The community is located north of the Bundesautobahn 8, halfway between Ulm and Stuttgart; the next junction is Aichelberg.

The railway Kirchheim (Teck) Süd-Weilheim (Teck) connected Holzmaden to the railway network. Passenger traffic was discontinued in 1982 and freight in 1995. Holzmaden also has a primary school, two kindergartens, a community hall with integrally joined forming gym and a sports and leisure facility.

Associations and Organizations
The association's work is an essential factor in the social life in Holzmaden.

Notable people from Holzmaden

 * Bernhard Hauff (1866–1950), founder of museum Hauff
 * Heinz Kälberer (born 1942), former Lord mayor of Vaihingen an der Enz

Fossils
The ground in and around the city contains rich layers of well-preserved fossils (or Lagerstätten) of the Jurassic period. The fossils are found in the 180-million-year-old Posidonia Shale and displayed in the local Museum Hauff as well as museums around the world. This locale is important for its frequent preservation of soft tissue, a rarity in fossils.

Examples from this site include:
 * Ichthyosaurs
 * Plesiosaurs
 * Steneosaurus
 * Platysuchus
 * Lepidotus
 * Dapedius
 * Ammonite
 * Pentacrinus colony (Sea Lily)

title: Holzmaden


text:
User:Liberlogos/Best Liberlogos contributions

These are, to his own judgment, the best Liberlogos contributions. The contributions of which I am the proudest, or that are the most extensive, are marked of one, two or three symbols ( ¤ ), according to the level of work and pride.

Creations

 * À Hauteur d'homme ¤¤¤
 * Les Cowboys Fringants ¤¤¤
 * Elsie Lefebvre ¤¤¤
 * Séminaire Saint-Joseph de Trois-Rivières ¤¤¤ - NEW!

Contributions

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 * Bloc Québécois ¤¤
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 * Template:Quebec-stub ¤
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 * List of active autonomist and secessionist movements ¤
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text:
Rampart scandal

The Rampart scandal was a police corruption scandal which unfolded in Los Angeles, California, United States, during the late 1990s and early 2000s. The scandal concerned widespread criminal activity within the Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums (CRASH) anti-gang unit of the Los Angeles Police Department's Rampart Division. More than 70 police officers were initially implicated in various forms of misconduct, including unprovoked shootings and beatings, planting of false evidence, stealing and dealing narcotics, bank robbery, perjury and cover-ups thereof.

Of the 70 officers initially implicated, enough evidence was uncovered to bring 58 before an internal administrative board. However, only 24 were actually found to have committed any wrongdoing with twelve given suspensions of various lengths, seven forced into resignation or retirement and five terminated. As a result of the falsified evidence and perjury by Rampart CRASH officers, 106 prior criminal convictions were overturned.

The scandal resulted in more than 140 civil lawsuits against the City of Los Angeles, costing the city an estimated $125 million in settlements. Partly as a result of the scandal, Mayor James Hahn did not rehire Police Chief Bernard C. Parks in 2002. Both the scandal and the de facto firing of Parks are believed to have precipitated Hahn's defeat by Antonio Villaraigosa in the 2005 mayoral election.

March 18, 1997 – Officer Kevin Gaines road rage shootout
Around 4 p.m. on March 18, 1997, LAPD undercover officer Frank Lyga shot and killed a plainclothes Rampart CRASH officer, Kevin Gaines, in self-defense, following a case of road rage.

According to Lyga and other witnesses, Gaines pulled his green Mitsubishi Montero up to Lyga's Buick and flashed gang signs.

After, Gaines followed Lyga and brandished a .45 ACP handgun. Lyga took out his gun and called for backup using a hidden radio activated by a foot pedal, saying, "Hey, I got a problem. I've got a black guy in a green Jeep coming up here! He's got a gun!" Pulling up at a stop light, Lyga later testified that he heard Gaines shout, "I'll cap you." Lyga fired his 9×19mm Beretta 92 duty pistol into Gaines' SUV twice, one of the bullets lodging in his heart. Lyga radioed one final transmission: "I just shot this guy! I need help! Get up here!" Lyga reported that Gaines was the first to pull a gun and that he responded in self-defense.

In an interview on PBS' Frontline, he said, "In my training experience this guy had 'I'm a gang member' written all over him." Inside of Gaines's car, a Death Row Greatest Hits CD was found, as he was listening to Death Row's inclusion of No Vaseline at the time of the confrontation.

In the ensuing investigation, the LAPD discovered that Gaines had apparently been involved in similar road rage incidents, threatening drivers by brandishing his gun. The investigation also revealed that Gaines was associated with both the Death Row Records record label and its controversial owner and CEO, Suge Knight.

Investigators learned that Death Row Records, which was alleged to be associated with the Bloods street gang, was hiring off-duty LAPD officers to serve as security guards. Following three separate internal investigations, Lyga was exonerated of any wrongdoing. The LAPD concluded that Lyga's shooting was "in policy" and not racially or improperly motivated.

Within three days of the incident, the Gaines family retained attorney Johnnie Cochran and filed a wrongful death lawsuit against the city of Los Angeles, California, for $25 million. The city eventually settled with Cochran for $250,000.

Lyga was angry the city settled, denying him the chance to fully clear his name. Judge Schoettler wrote a letter to LAPD Chief Bernard C. Parks, stating, "Had the matter been submitted to me for a determination, I would have found in favor of the City of Los Angeles." Schoettler's letter alleged political reasons for settling the case, namely City Attorney James Hahn's planned run for mayor and his desire to court black voters.

November 6, 1997 – Officer David Mack bank robbery
On November 6, 1997, $722,000 was stolen in an armed robbery of a Los Angeles Bank of America branch. After one month of investigation, assistant bank manager Errolyn Romero confessed to her role in the crime and implicated her boyfriend LAPD officer David Mack as the mastermind. Mack was sentenced to fourteen years and three months in federal prison. He has never revealed the whereabouts of the money and, while incarcerated, bragged to fellow inmates that he would become a millionaire by the time of his release. He was released from prison on May 14, 2010.

February 26, 1998 – Rampart Station beating
On February 26, 1998, Rampart CRASH officer Brian Hewitt brought Ismael Jimenez, a member of the 18th Street Gang, into the Rampart police station for questioning. According to CRASH officer Rafael Pérez's recorded testimony, Hewitt "got off" on beating suspects. In the course of questioning, he beat the handcuffed Jimenez in the chest and stomach until he vomited blood.

After his release, Jimenez went to the emergency room and told doctors he had been beaten by Hewitt and his partner Daniel Lujan while in custody. Following an investigation, Hewitt was fired from the LAPD. Jimenez was awarded $231,000 in a civil settlement with the city of Los Angeles. Hewitt served time in federal prison for the distribution of drugs and conspiracy to commit murder and has since been released.

May 1998 – Investigative task force created
On March 27, 1998, LAPD officials discovered that eight pounds of cocaine were missing from an evidence room. Within a week, detectives focused their investigation on Pérez. Concerned with a CRASH unit that had officers working off-duty for Death Row Records, robbing banks, and stealing cocaine, Parks established an internal investigative task force in May 1998.

The task force, later named the Rampart Corruption Task Force, focused on the prosecution of Pérez. Completing an audit of the LAPD property room revealed another pound of missing cocaine which had been booked following a prior arrest by Lyga, the officer who had shot Gaines the year before. Investigators speculated that Pérez may have stolen the cocaine booked by Lyga in retaliation for Gaines' shooting.

August 25, 1998 – Pérez arrested
Pérez, at that time a nine-year veteran of the LAPD, was arrested on August 25, 1998, for the unauthorized withdrawal and theft of six pounds of cocaine from the evidence room. The cocaine was estimated to be worth $800,000 on the street, or $120,000 wholesale. Although Pérez signed a phony name on the forms when he checked out the drugs, his signature was a "dead bang" match.

As he was arrested, Pérez reportedly asked, "Is this about the bank robbery?" He would later deny that he had any knowledge of Mack's bank robbery and never testified against Mack. Investigators would later discover eleven additional instances of suspicious cocaine transfers. Pérez eventually admitted to ordering cocaine evidence out of property and replacing it with Bisquick.

On September 8, 1999, following a mistrial, Pérez agreed to cut a deal with investigators. He pleaded guilty to the cocaine theft in exchange for providing prosecutors information about two "bad" shootings and three other CRASH officers engaged in illegal activity. For this deal, Pérez received a five-year prison sentence as well as immunity from further prosecution of misconduct short of murder.

Over the next nine months, he met with investigators more than 50 times and provided more than 4,000 pages in sworn testimony. Pérez's testimony implicated about 70 officers of misconduct, but only a dozen officers were suspended or forced to resign.

Framing
Pérez framed four members of the Temple Street gang as being associated with the murder of Mexican Mafia member Miguel "Lizard" Malfavon. The incident took place at a McDonald's on Alvarado Street, where four supposed members all planned to kill Malfavon while he tried to collect "taxes" from the gang.

Pérez found a material witness who had blood on her dress, and she named four gang members from Temple Street. He repeatedly changed the name of the main killer and ended up framing Anthony "Stymie" Adams as the one who fatally shot Malfavon in the head with a rifle in the neighboring apartment.

CRASH culture
In extensive testimony to investigators, Pérez provided a detailed portrait of the culture of the elite CRASH unit. Pérez insisted that 90% of CRASH officers were "in the loop", knowingly framing civilians and perjuring themselves on the witness stand. Pérez claims his superiors were aware of and encouraged CRASH officers to engage in misconduct; the goal of the unit was to arrest gang members by any means necessary.

Pérez claimed CRASH officers were awarded plaques for shooting civilians and suspects, with extra honors if such persons were killed. Pérez alleges that CRASH officers carried spare guns in their "war bags" to plant on civilians and suspects, in order to avoid responsibility for their alleged crime. In recorded testimony, Pérez revealed the CRASH motto: "We intimidate those who intimidate others."

CRASH officers would get together at the Short Stop, a bar near Dodger Stadium in Echo Park to drink and celebrate shootings. Supervisors handed out plaques to shooters, containing red or black playing cards. A red card indicated a wounding and a black card indicated a killing, which was considered more prestigious. Pérez testified that at least one Rampart lieutenant attended these celebrations.

Rampart officers wore tattoos of the CRASH logo, a skull with a cowboy hat encircled with poker cards depicting the "dead man's hand", aces and eights.

Rampart ties to Death Row Records
The Rampart Corruption Task Force investigators discovered that hip hop mogul Suge Knight, owner of Death Row Records, had hired several of the corrupt Rampart officers for security at various times including Nino Durden, Kevin Gaines, David Mack, and Rafael Pérez. Knight was hiring off-duty Rampart policemen to work for Death Row as security guards for substantial amounts of money. After Gaines was killed, investigators discovered Gaines drove a Mercedes-Benz and wore designer suits, and they found a receipt in his apartment for a $952 restaurant tab at the Los Angeles hangout, Monty's Steakhouse.

Ties to the Bloods
According to Frank Lyga, who shot him, Kevin Gaines was flashing Blood gang signs and waving a gun.

Ties to the murder of The Notorious B.I.G.
On April 16, 2007, the estate of Christopher George Latore Wallace, a.k.a. The Notorious B.I.G., filed a wrongful death lawsuit against the City of Los Angeles, which also named as defendants Rampart officers Durden, Mack, and Pérez. The lawsuit alleges that Durden, Mack, and Pérez conspired to murder Christopher Wallace, and Pérez and Mack were present on the night of the murder outside the Petersen Automotive Museum on Wilshire Boulevard, on March 9, 1997. On April 5, 2010, the Wallace family withdrew their lawsuit and the claims against the City and the Rampart officers. Perry R. Sanders Jr., a lawyer for the estate, insisted the case was being withdrawn only to avoid interfering with what he called a "reinvigorated" police investigation, and he emphasized that since the suit was dismissed without prejudice, it could be refiled.

LAPD investigators Brian Tyndall and Russell Poole also believed Mack and other Rampart police were involved in a conspiracy to kill Wallace. Poole claimed that Chief Parks refused to investigate their claims of Mack's involvement, suppressed their 40-page report, and instructed investigators not to pursue their inquiries. Poole, an 18-year veteran of the force, quit the LAPD in protest, and later filed a lawsuit against the LAPD for violating his First Amendment rights by preventing him from making his information public.

Record settlement
The city of Los Angeles faced more than 140 civil suits resulting from the Rampart scandal and paid total estimated settlement costs around $125 million.

Javier Ovando was awarded a $15 million settlement on November 21, 2000, the largest police misconduct settlement in Los Angeles history. Twenty-nine other civil suits were settled for nearly $11 million.

Rampart investigation cover-up
There have been multiple allegations that Chief Parks and members of the LAPD were actively involved in obstructing the Rampart Investigation. Parks was in charge of Internal Affairs when Gaines and other Rampart officers were first discovered to have ties to the Bloods and Death Row Records. Parks is said to have protected these officers from investigation.

According to Rampart Corruption Task Force Detective Poole, Chief Parks failed to pursue the Hewitt Investigation for a full six months. When Poole presented Parks with a 40-page report detailing the connection between Mack and the murder of Notorious B.I.G., the report was suppressed.

On September 26, 2000, Poole filed a federal civil rights lawsuit against the city of Los Angeles and Chief Parks. Poole, lead investigator on the Lyga-Gaines shooting and member of the Rampart Corruption Task Force, resigned from the department and claimed in his civil suit that Parks shut down his efforts to fully investigate the extent of corruption within the department.

Poole specified conversations and direct orders in which Chief Parks prevented him from pursuing his investigation of the criminal activities of David Mack and Kevin Gaines, notably involving the investigation of the murder of Christopher Wallace.

Many city officials, including Los Angeles County District Attorney Gil Garcetti, expressed a lack of confidence with Parks' handling of the investigation.

On September 19, 2000, the Los Angeles City Council voted 10 to 2 to accept a consent decree allowing the U.S. Department of Justice to oversee and monitor reforms within the LAPD for a period of five years. The Justice Department, which had been investigating the LAPD since 1996, agreed not to pursue a civil rights lawsuit against the city. Los Angeles Mayor Richard Riordan and Police Chief Parks opposed the consent decree, but were forced to back down in the face of overwhelming support by the city council.

The "L.A.P.D. Board of Inquiry into the Rampart Area Corruption Incident" report was released in March 2000. It made 108 recommendations for changes in LAPD policies and procedures. The Board of Inquiry report, sanctioned by Parks, was widely criticized for not addressing structural problems within the LAPD.

"An Independent Analysis of the Los Angeles Police Department's Board of Inquiry Report on the Rampart Scandal" was published in September 2000 by University of Southern California Law School Professor Erwin Chemerinsky, currently the Dean of University of California, Berkeley School of Law, at the request of the Los Angeles Police Protective League, the police union. Chemerinsky outlined six specific criticisms of the Board of Inquiry report, namely that the LAPD minimized the scope and nature of the corruption, and abetted the corruption through its own internal negligence or corrupt policies. Chemerinsky called for an independent commission to investigate corruption and a consent decree between the City of Los Angeles and the Justice Department to monitor effective reform.

The "Report of the Rampart Independent Review Panel", published in November 2000, created by a panel of over 190 community members, issued 72 findings and 86 recommendations. The report noted the Police Commission had been "undermined by the Mayor's Office" and that the Inspector General's Office had been "hindered by ... lack of cooperation by the (LAPD) in responding to requests for information".

Political and cultural aftermath
The newly elected Mayor James Hahn did not rehire Parks in 2002. This arguably caused Hahn to lose the support of South Los Angeles' black community, leading to his defeat by Antonio Villaraigosa in the 2005 election.

In 2002, the television series The Shield premiered, depicting a band of rogue Los Angeles police officers. The program was so directly inspired by the Rampart Scandal that "Rampart" was nearly used as the series title. The title was presumably changed in order to avoid potential production issues and conflicts with the LAPD.

In 2003, the Blue Ribbon Rampart Review Panel, chaired by Constance L. Rice of the Advancement Project, was convened by the Los Angeles Police Commission and Chief William J. Bratton. The panel's report was made public in 2006.

In the film Crash (2004), a black police officer is shot by an off-duty white officer, in a turn of events very similar to the Kevin Gaines shooting. The black officer is later found out to be corrupt, just as in the case of Kevin Gaines. In the film, the corrupt nature of the black officer is suppressed by the mayoral hopeful, in order to gain the black vote.

The action thriller movie Cellular (2004) featured a plot involving corrupt LAPD cops. Though it was not a serious crime drama, it used the Rampart scandal to lend some credibility to the plot, showing a documentary segment of the Rampart scandal in the bonus features of the DVD.

The plot of Rockstar Games' controversial game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (2004), set in 1992 in the fictional city of Los Santos (based on Los Angeles), involves three corrupt CRASH officers. The CRASH motto, "intimidate those who intimidate others", is spoken directly by one of these characters.

The crime drama movie Faster (2010) featured a police officer, played by Billy Bob Thornton, who is revealed to be a corrupt former Rampart CRASH officer.

The film Rampart (2011) takes place during the Rampart scandal as the main character, Dave Brown, faces the consequences of his career.

Other films inspired by the Rampart scandal include Training Day (2001), L.A.P.D.: To Protect and to Serve (2001), Dirty (2005), and Street Kings (2008).

In the N.W.A biographical film Straight Outta Compton (2015), there is a scene where during a studio session, Dr. Dre recognizes a police officer (presumed to be David Mack or Rafael Pérez) among Suge Knight's entourage.

Christopher Dorner, who in February 2013 carried out a series of shootings until killed during a police manhunt in Southern California, referenced the Rampart scandal in his "Facebook manifesto", which began:

"From: Christopher Jordan Dorner

To: America

Subj: Last resort

I know most of you who personally know me are in disbelief to hear from media reports that I am suspected of committing such horrendous murders and have taken drastic and shocking actions in the last couple of days.

Unfortunately, this is a necessary evil that I do not enjoy but must partake and complete for substantial change to occur within the LAPD and reclaim my name. The department has not changed since the Rampart and Rodney King days. It has gotten worse. ..."

The Rampart scandal was reviewed in the 2018 film City of Lies, based upon the 2002 book LAbyrinth: A Detective Investigates the Murders of Tupac Shakur and Notorious B.I.G., the Implication of Death Row Records' Suge Knight, and the Origins of the Los Angeles Police Scandal by Randall Sullivan. Starring Johnny Depp as Detective Russell Poole and featuring Neil Brown Jr., Shamier Anderson and Amin Joseph as CRASH officers Rafael Pérez, David Mack and Kevin Gaines respectively, the film depicts Poole's investigation of the CRASH unit's criminal activities, their ties to Death Row Records, and his theory of their involvement in the murder of rapper Notorious B.I.G.

City of Lies was scheduled to be released in September 2018, but in July the release was canceled and the film was shelved. The stated reason was due to the negative publicity of Depp's ongoing legal issues, including a lawsuit brought against him that month by the film's location manager. However, director Brad Furman stated he believes Depp is a scapegoat and the studio was pressured by outside forces into cancelling the film. The premiere of City of Lies took place on December 8, 2018, when it was screened out of competition at the Noir Film Festival in Italy.

title: Rampart scandal


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Vamp (film)

Vamp is a 1986 American black comedy horror film directed by Richard Wenk, co-written by Wenk and Donald P. Borchers, and starring Chris Makepeace, Sandy Baron, Robert Rusler, Dedee Pfeiffer, Gedde Watanabe, and Grace Jones.

In the film, three college students visit a strip club with the intention of hiring a stripper for a college fraternity. The stripper who impresses them turns out to be a powerful vampire, as do many of the other inhabitants of the part of town they find themselves in, and their carefree visit to the club turns into a struggle for survival.

Plot
College students Keith and AJ want to hire a stripper to bribe their way into a campus fraternity so they can move out of their cramped, noisy dorm room and into the frat's house. They borrow a Cadillac from lonely rich student Duncan, who insists on coming with them to scope out strip clubs in a nearby city. The three boys find themselves at a club in a shady part of town, and after being impressed by the surreal and artistic performance of one stripper, Katrina, AJ visits her dressing room to try to convince her to come strip for their college party. Katrina pins him to her waterbed filled with blood and seduces him by massaging, licking, and gently biting his chest, before she transforms into a bestial vampire, breaks one of AJ's arms to keep him from fighting her off, and kills him with a deep bite to the neck.

Concerned about AJ, Keith gets help from a waitress named Amaretto, who keeps insisting that she knows him, to his confusion. They search the neighborhood, and Keith is separated from her while trying to escape from both a psychotic albino street gang and local vampires. While hiding in a dumpster, he finds AJ's discarded corpse, but when he calls the police and returns to the club to accuse the owners, the vampires have preempted him by bringing the undead AJ back. AJ confesses to Keith that he is now a vampire, and after realizing that Keith will not kill him and is willing to die for him, AJ drives a piece of broken furniture through his own heart.

Keith, Amaretto, and Duncan flee the club, but their car is rammed by vehicles driven by vampires. After escaping, they realize that Duncan has also become a vampire, and they abandon him in a burning car. While attempting to escape through the sewers, Amaretto tells Keith her real name is Allison, and she knows him from a game of spin the bottle in fifth grade. While they flee through the sewers, they discover and burn a nest of vampires, but Allison is grabbed and held hostage by Katrina. After an arrow to the face and a pipe impaling her through the chest fail to stop Katrina, Keith kills her by shooting arrows through a covered grating, allowing in sunlight which destroys her. Before they can escape to the surface, they are trapped by Vlad, Katrina's vampire consort, until Vlad is staked from behind by a revived AJ, who sheepishly notes that the stake he tried to kill himself with turned out to be formica.

As Keith and Allison climb to the surface daylight, AJ remains in the sewers, making plans for how he can remain roommates with Keith by attending night school, or working a job on a graveyard shift.

Cast

 * Chris Makepeace as Keith
 * Sandy Baron as Vic
 * Robert Rusler as AJ
 * Dedee Pfeiffer as Allison/Amaretto
 * Gedde Watanabe as Duncan
 * Grace Jones as Katrina
 * Billy Drago as Snow
 * Lisa Lyon as Cimmaron

Reception
Reviews were mixed to negative. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film two stars out of four, writing that there were "some funny lines, and the relationship between the human kid and his best pal the vampire is handled with a lot of original twists. But the movie finally descends, as so many films do these days, to one of those assembly-line endings made up of fights and chases." D. J. R. Bruckner of The New York Times called the writing and direction "weak" and the story "so confused, that 'Vamp' often seems as silly as the films it tries to ridicule." A positive review in Variety praised the film as "extremely imaginative" with a "very good" cast, and referred to Grace Jones' dance number as "an outré showstopper."

Patrick Goldstein of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "Despite a few delightfully grim comic touches, 'Vamp' never really captures the spirit of light-headed horror needed to propel this kind of macabre mayhem. Writer-director Richard Wenk has a real flair for offbeat humor ... but we find ourselves much more enchanted by the film's kooky peripheral characters than by its plodding storyline." Paul Attanasio of The Washington Post panned the film as "stupid and crude." Sid Smith of the Chicago Tribune gave the film 1.5 stars out of 4, writing that "the laughs are strained, and many of the effects are ludicrous. The filmmakers couldn't come up with enough good plot and dialogue to fill in the gaps between their little satirical stabs." A review by Mark Finch in The Monthly Film Bulletin was generally positive, finding that although the concept of a club where the strippers possess authority could have been explored more, "the film remains confident and agreeably scary without becoming lost in a swamp of movie-buff jokes or out-and-out campiness."

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 40% based on 10 reviews, with an average rating of 5.2/10.

Influences
Many viewers argue that Vamp heavily influenced Robert Rodriguez's From Dusk till Dawn (1996), from the setting of a strip club to the sexy dance performance put on by the lead female character in each respective film. Vamp tells the story of two fraternity pledges looking to find a stripper at the "After Dark" club, which is home to a group of stripper vampires, whereas From Dusk till Dawn tells the story of two fugitive bank-robbing brothers who are fleeing the FBI as well as the Texas police and end up at the "Titty Twister", a strip club in the middle of a desolate part of Mexico which, in comparison to Vamp, is home to a group of Aztec stripper vampires.

Release
Vamp was released theatrically in the United States on July 18, 1986, and grossed $4,941,117 at the box office.

Arrow Video released Vamp on Blu-ray and DVD in the US on October 4, 2016, and the UK Blu-ray/DVD release on October 3, 2016. This version of the film features a high-definition digital transfer along with special features.

title: Vamp (film)


text:
User:Kevin1776/Checklist

These are subjects that interest me and need articles, but that I'm too busy (or lazy) to start myself. So, I check in here now & then to see if any red links have turned blue. Feel free to add red links under appropriate headings, or attach external links to red links for future reference.

French and Indian War/Pontiac's War

 * Robert Stobo
 * Forbes Expedition
 * King Beaver/Tamaqua (Lenape chief) Done Cmacauley (talk) 06:32, 1 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Scarouady, aka Monachatoocha
 * Christian Frederick Post -- Moravian missionary, diplomat
 * Delaware George/Keekyuscung Done Cmacauley (talk) 14:54, 20 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Pisquetomen Done Cmacauley (talk) 22:50, 23 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Netawatwees
 * Bemino/John Killbuck Sr.
 * Charlot Kaské -- German/Shawnee war leader
 * Peter Chartier (1700–1759) — French/Shawnee chief - Done Cmacauley (talk) 16:09, 27 April 2014 (UTC)
 * "Suffering Traders"
 * Stump affair/Frederick Stump affair
 * Sandy Creek Expedition -- 1756, Andrew Lewis - Done Cmacauley (talk) 10:43, 30 April 2022 (UTC)

Dunmore's War

 * Wallen's Creek massacre / Walden's Creek massacre / Powell's Valley massacre / James Boone massacre
 * Angus McDonald (Virginia militiaman)
 * Scioto Conferences/Scioto Confederacy
 * Red Hawk
 * Yellow Creek Massacre
 * Treaty of Camp Charlotte
 * Logan Elm / Logan Elm State Memorial
 * Fort Gower/Fort Gower Resolves

Western Revolutionary War

 * British Indian Department
 * Squaw Campaign/Squaw campaign
 * Battle of Piqua
 * Captain Pipe/Hopocan
 * George Morgan (merchant) (1743–1810), Philadelphia merchant (John Baynton, Wharton and Morgan), U.S. Indian agent, New Madrid colonizer
 * Grenadier Squaw/Nonhelema
 * John Heckewelder
 * Dunquat/Dunquod/Dooyontat/Danghquat/Pomoacan/Petawantakas/Sweet House -- the Wyandot "Half-King"; presumably the village of Deunquat, Ohio in Wyandot County is named for him
 * Alexander McKee -- British/Shawnee intermediary
 * John Stuart (loyalist) (1718–1779), British Indian Superintendent for the Southern Department
 * Siege of Fort Henry September 11, 1782, the "Last battle of the American Revolution";
 * Pluggy/Plukkemehnotee
 * Pluggy's Town
 * Battle of Little Mountain/Estill's Defeat
 * Glikhikan
 * Arent Schuyler DePeyster/Arent DePeyster/Arent De Peyster
 * Peter Loramie/Peter Lormier/Pierre Louis Lorimer/Pierre Louise Lorimer de la Riviere
 * Illinois Regiment
 * Pierre Gibault
 * Jehu Hay
 * William Bailey Smith/William B. Smith

Northwest Indian War

 * Tarhe -- Wyandot
 * Leatherlips/Shateyaronyah, Wyandot
 * Logan's Raid/Logan's expedition
 * The Glaize/Glaize

Western War of 1812

 * Stayeghtha/Roundhead (Wyandot)
 * Army of the Northwest (I added this as a dab page, calling this one Army of the Northwest (United States). -Sarcasmboy 09:37, 18 October 2007 (UTC))
 * Hull's Trace
 * Prophetstown

Various

 * Elizur Butler
 * Treaty of Pontotoc
 * Mourning War/Mourning war
 * Native American warfare
 * Scalp Act
 * Indian Vaccination Act of 1832
 * New Indian history/New Indian History
 * New Western history/New Western History
 * Francis Jennings
 * American Way of War or American warfare
 * Native American warfare/American Indian warfare

title: User:Kevin1776/Checklist