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Gary Ablett Jr.

Gary Ablett Jr. (born 14 May 1984) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Geelong Football Club and Gold Coast Suns in the Australian Football League (AFL). The eldest son of Australian Football Hall of Fame member and former Hawthorn and Geelong player Gary Ablett Sr., Ablett was drafted to Geelong under the father–son rule in the 2001 national draft and has since become recognised as one of the all-time great midfielders. Ablett is a dual premiership player, dual Brownlow Medallist, five-time Leigh Matthews Trophy winner, three-time AFLCA champion player of the year award winner and eight-time All-Australian.

During his first stint at Geelong, Ablett won two premierships, two Carji Greeves Medals, a Geelong leading goalkicker award and the 2009 Brownlow Medal. He is also a life member of the club and has been inducted into the club's Hall of Fame. At Gold Coast, Ablett was the club's inaugural captain, holding the role for the club's first six seasons, and won four Gold Coast Suns Club Champion awards (including the first three in the club's history), two Gold Coast leading goalkicker awards and the 2013 Brownlow Medal, the first Brownlow Medal in the club's history. Between 2014 and 2018, Ablett suffered a number of setbacks through injury; despite this, Ablett played 357 games, the thirteenth-most in VFL/AFL history at the time.

Early life
Gary Ablett Jr. was born to Gary and Sue Ablett in the country town of Modewarre, outside the regional centre of Geelong, Victoria. As the eldest boy among four siblings, Ablett's childhood coincided with the peak of his father's footballing career. Along with his brother Nathan, Ablett would regularly attend his father's training sessions and weekly games. Geelong players regarded them as "barefooted pests in the rooms", and would often engage in kick-to-kick sessions with both of the boys. He attended Christian College Geelong during his schooling years.

Ablett played junior football with the Modewarre Football Club until he was chosen to play for the Geelong Falcons in the under–18 TAC Cup competition for the 2001 season. Ablett's selection was met with controversy, as some families of other prospective junior players felt Ablett was chosen on the basis of his famous family heritage rather than footballing merit. However, the Falcons' football manager Mick Turner repeatedly dismissed speculation. Nonetheless, as the son of a popular and famous football player from Geelong, Ablett attracted a large following even at junior level. Although he was still a bottom-aged player, Ablett received mid-year State honours for Victoria Country during the 2001 National Championships. After spending one year in the TAC Cup, Ablett entered his name into the 2001 AFL draft at the conclusion of the 2001 season.

2002–2006: early years
Ablett was drafted by with their fifth selection, and was the fortieth overall draft pick in the 2001 AFL draft under the father–son rule. Ablett made his senior debut for the club in the opening round of the 2002 AFL season, where he gathered 8 disposals and took 4 marks. Ablett made twelve senior appearances in total during the season, before spending the latter half of the year with the reserves team. Playing as a small forward, he helped the club's reserves team win the 2002 VFL premiership against Port Melbourne. After achieving premiership success with the reserves team in the previous year, Ablett established his position in the senior side the following season. Ablett alternated as a small forward and midfielder, scoring 26 goals and appearing in all of Geelong's senior fixtures during the 2003 AFL season. In round 2 in a loss against North Melbourne he received his first Brownlow vote, in a performance in which he registered 22 disposals and a goal. Ablett finished the year ranked first at the club for tackles (77) and inside 50s (89), as well as second for hard-ball gets (65). Following another season without participation in the finals series, Ablett and his teammates began their 2004 campaign with an appearance in the pre-season competition final against. Geelong would qualify for its first finals series in four years, being eliminated in the preliminary final by the. Ablett made 21 appearances in total over the course of the season, and kicked a career-high 35 goals. He once again finished the year ranked first within the club for total tackles (93), and was awarded the club's Best Team and Most Constructive Player award at the end of the season.

The following year, Geelong again qualified for the finals series, progressing through to the semi-finals, before a three-point loss to ended their season. Ablett's consistency, reflected with his appearance in all senior games during the year and team-high 86 tackles, was rewarded with a third-place finishing in the Carji Greeves Medal as the club's best and fairest player. After consecutive appearances in the finals series, Ablett and Geelong were expected to challenge for the premiership once again in 2006. The club's 2006 campaign began successfully when they captured the pre-season NAB Cup, winning their first pre-season premiership since 1961. During the season, Ablett kicked a career-high six goals against in round twelve, before making his 100th senior appearance for the club in round 22 against. However, the Cats only managed to win 10 games throughout the season and did not qualify for the finals series. Ablett finished the season with 35 goals to win the club's leading goalkicker award and once again place third in the Carji Greeves Medal.

2007–2008: first premiership and team success
After playing his first five seasons as a small forward who occasionally pushed up the ground, Ablett made a permanent move to the midfield in 2007. He helped the Cats finish the home-and-away season first on the ladder to win the McClelland Trophy and qualify for the finals series. Geelong progressed through to the 2007 AFL Grand Final, in which they defeated by a record 119 points to win their first premiership since 1963. Ablett recorded 19 disposals, one goal, and an equal game-high eight tackles in the grand final victory. Ablett played in all 25 games for the year and gained a number of individual accolades. After winning his first premiership, he also achieved All-Australian honours for the first time in his career. Despite being the favourite to win the 2007 Brownlow Medal, he finished equal-sixth with 20 votes behind teammate Jimmy Bartel on 29 votes. However, his breakthrough season was recognised by the AFL Players Association as they awarded him the Leigh Matthews Trophy as the league's most valuable player. Ablett also became the youngest ever recipient of the AFL Coaches' Association (AFLCA) 'Champion Player of the Year' Award and the Australian Football Media Association (AFMA) 'Player of the Year' Award. Ablett also claimed two of the major media awards; the Herald Sun Player of the Year and The Age Player of the Year awards. Ablett completed his sweep of individual awards when he was awarded the Carji Greeves Medal as Geelong's best and fairest player for the first time in his career. Ablett's breakthrough season was highlighted by his increased output in several major statistical categories: Ablett increased his disposal average to 26.7 (from 16.9 the previous season), kicks per game to 14.3 (from 10.1), and handpasses per game to 12.4 (from 6.8). He ranked first at the club and second within the league for total disposals (667) and total kicks (358), and also second for total handballs (309).

Ablett continued to establish his position as one of the premier players of the competition during the 2008 AFL season. He helped the Cats achieve a record-equalling 21-win season and secure the McClelland Trophy for the second successive year. His standout season was recognised early on when he was selected to play for the Victorian state team in the AFL Hall of Fame Tribute Match. However, a groin injury prevented him from participating in the all-star event. Having qualified for the finals series in the first position on the ladder, Geelong progressed through to the grand final for the second successive year; despite losing only one game during the home-and-away season, Geelong failed to capture the premiership as they were defeated by in the grand final. Ablett's performance in the final, during which he recorded a game-high 34 possessions, five tackles, eight inside 50s, and kicked an equal-team-high two goals, was recognised as he placed second in Norm Smith Medal voting for best afield in the grand final. Ablett featured in 21 games for the season and was awarded All-Australian honours for the second successive year. Despite entering the 2008 Brownlow Medal count as the favourite once again, Ablett tallied 22 votes to finish third behind Adam Cooney. However, Ablett's performances throughout the year were further recognised when he was awarded the AFLPA Leigh Matthews Trophy and AFL Coaches' Association 'Champion Player of the Year' awards for the second consecutive season. After increasing his disposal average once again to 28.9 possessions per game, Ablett finished runner-up for the Carji Greeves Medal to teammate Joel Corey. His 606 disposals ranked ninth in the league, while his 318 handpasses throughout the season ranked him fourth within the competition. Geelong coach Mark Thompson described Ablett's 2008 season as "amazing" and implied he was unsure if Ablett could improve any more. Thompson cited that he believed Ablett to be "at the top of his game".

2009–2010: first Brownlow Medal and second premiership
Ablett was appointed to the club's seven-man leadership group and inducted into the Geelong Football Club Hall of Fame prior to the 2009 AFL season. Following the 2008 AFL Grand Final loss, Thompson suggested that Ablett would become a more prominent player in the forward line to provide the team with another goal-scoring option. Ablett and his teammates began their 2009 campaign by winning the pre-season NAB Cup for the second time in four years. Ablett recorded 35 disposals and kicked three goals to place second for the Michael Tuck Medal as the player judged best afield in the final. In round four, Ablett made his 150th senior appearance for the club against Adelaide and gained life membership with Geelong in the process. Ablett went on to tie Nathan Buckley's then-record of 46 disposals in a game while also setting a new record for most handpasses in a game (33). Ablett's proficiency in finding the football saw him reach 40 or more disposals in a game a record six times throughout the season, and 30 or more disposals fifteen times. However, Ablett's critics accused him of playing selfishly in pursuit of individual honours ahead of team values. Commentators such as Tim Watson claimed that Ablett had "become obsessed with the whole idea of going out there and being the best player" in order to win the Brownlow Medal. Despite this, Ablett helped Geelong finish the home-and-away campaign with an 18–4 win–loss record to finish second on the ladder and qualify for the finals series. After wins against the Western Bulldogs and Collingwood, Geelong progressed through to the Grand Final for the third successive season. During the final, Ablett gathered 25 disposals, six tackles, five inside-50s, and kicked one goal to help the Cats defeat St Kilda by 12 points and capture the premiership for the second time in three years.

Ablett's performances throughout the season were recognised at the 2009 AFL Players Association awards, where he was awarded his third consecutive Leigh Matthews Trophy as the AFL Player's Association Most Valuable Player. Ablett's victory saw him become the first player in history to win the award three times. Ablett also won his third consecutive AFL Coaches' Association 'Champion Player of the Year' Award and was further acknowledged for his record-breaking season when awarded the 2009 Brownlow Medal. Ablett polled 30 votes to win the award despite missing the most games (3) by any Brownlow winner since the 22-round season was introduced in 1994. Ablett's role in Geelong's premiership-winning campaign was further recognised at the conclusion of the season, when he was co-awarded his second Carji Greeves Medal alongside Corey Enright. Ablett averaged a career-high and league-leading 33.8 possessions per game throughout the season. Ablett also led the league in total handpasses (445), handpasses per game (20.2) and contested possessions (256). His 744 total disposals during the season also ranked second within the league, while his 494 uncontested possessions ranked fourth.

After the 2009 season, and indeed at many points during the season, speculation continued to mount that Ablett would leave Geelong at the end of 2010 and join the AFL's newest team,. Despite the rumours, Ablett continued his own individual success, recording career-high totals in disposals (756), marks (106) and goals (44). Ablett would serve as the runner-up for several awards at the end of the home-and-away season, including the Carji Greeves Medal and Brownlow Medal. On 29 September, it was announced that Ablett would be joining Gold Coast in what was understood to be a multimillion-dollar deal.

2011–2015: second Brownlow Medal and injury struggles
On 29 September 2010, Ablett signed a five-year contract valued at $9 million with the Gold Coast Football Club, a side entering the AFL for the first time in 2011. On 19 January 2011, after much speculation, Ablett was named the inaugural AFL captain of the Suns. In the club's first AFL season, Gold Coast finished last on the ladder with a 3–19 win–loss record, meaning that Ablett missed out on playing in a final for the first time in five years; he still had a great individual season, finishing with career-highs in tackles (119) and clearances (133) and being named captain in the 2011 All-Australian team. In 2012, Ablett continued his individual success, winning his fourth Leigh Matthews Trophy and finishing the season with a career-high in kicks (389). In 2013, Ablett had a tremendous season, leading the league in average disposals (31.2) and taking home his second consecutive (and fifth overall) Leigh Matthews Trophy. He also won his second Brownlow Medal, becoming the first Gold Coast player to win the award and the 14th player in VFL/AFL history to win it twice. Ablett became the fifth player to win Brownlow Medals at different clubs, joining Ian Stewart, Peter Moore, Greg Williams and Chris Judd. Ablett had a career-best season in 2014, averaging 32 possessions and kicking 24 goals before suffering a season-ending shoulder injury in the Suns' win against Collingwood in round 16. Despite playing only 15 games, he finished equal-third in the Brownlow Medal with 22 votes.

Ablett's shoulder injury affected his 2015 preseason, but he took the field in the Suns' opening game against. He scored two goals and had 19 disposals in the loss, then had 23 disposals and kicked one goal in the round 2 loss to St Kilda, but laid only one tackle across the two games. The shoulder was still causing problems, and the Suns' medical staff sidelined him indefinitely before the round 3 clash with Geelong. Dr Peter Larkins stated four weeks later that the status of Ablett's injury meant that he could "miss the majority of the season". By the end of May, Ablett began to draw criticism from media personalities such as Garry Lyon and Jonathan Brown for his supposed lack of leadership in the struggling Suns side. On top of their numerous losses, some Suns players were displaying poor discipline and Lyon considered Ablett was not doing enough to prevent off-field indiscretions. When he refused to discuss the issues with Lyon on Triple M, Lyon described Ablett as "immature". The following Monday on Fox Footy's on the Couch program, Jonathan Brown lashed Ablett for not taking the field, claiming he was cleared to play by Suns medicos and he should "play through the pain". Ablett addressed these criticisms with a press conference on 3 June saying it was not just an issue of pain and to return early would be "selfish". On AFL 360, Ablett's former coach Mark Thompson defended his decision not to play, stating that Ablett's high standards meant that he would not want to take the field if he could not give 100% effort. Ablett eventually returned for the round 14 game against ; although starting quietly, he was instrumental in the win, gaining 31 disposals and kicking three goals. He continued to perform well in the next two games, racking up 30 disposals in each and kicking four goals, however he was struck down with a season-ending injury in round 17, suffering a medial ligament tear to the left knee in the first quarter of the Suns' loss to. The recovery time required meant that he did not play again in the 2015 season.

2016–2017: further injury struggles and trade requests
Ablett played 14 games for Gold Coast in 2016, averaging 27 disposals and six tackles per game. However, he suffered another season-ending shoulder injury during the round 16 win over Brisbane. He polled six votes in the 2016 Brownlow Medal, taking him to a total of 220 career votes; the equal-highest number in history (alongside Hawthorn's Sam Mitchell). In addition he has now received votes in 103 games, placing him second on the list of total games in which votes were awarded to a single player. During the 2016 trade period, Ablett requested a trade back to Geelong for "family reasons." Ablett later stepped down as Suns' captain, stating he was unsure if he would play on after the 2017 season.

In the early rounds of the 2017 season, speculation about his commitment to the Suns escalated after the team lost the first two matches. He was criticised by experts such as Matthew Lloyd for his poor performance in the Suns' 102-point loss to, who said Ablett needed to "suck it up" as he was no longer playing in the midfield and was now in forced to play in a position he did not enjoy. Following the 2017 AFL season, Ablett won his fourth Gold Coast Suns Club Champion award, despite playing only 14 games. He polled 14 votes in the 2017 Brownlow Medal count, taking him to outright second all-time career votes behind Gary Dempsey. By polling 3 votes in 3 rounds of the 2017 season, he became the first player to receive the maximum 3 votes in 50 matches.

On 26 September 2017, Gold Coast announced that Ablett had requested a trade back to Geelong. It was reported that Ablett was seeking a return home for "family reasons", and if no trade was forthcoming, he would quit football despite being contracted to play at Gold Coast until the end of 2018.

Second stint at Geelong (2018–2020)
In October 2017, Ablett was traded back to Geelong. His 2018 preseason was impacted by injury followed by a significant injury in the Round 3 loss to West Coast. Upon his return, Ablett drew criticism from AFL media figures such as Wayne Carey, who believed that Ablett should not be played in the Cats' midfield. Following his return from injury, Ablett's form quickly improved, with a best on ground performance in the win over North Melbourne in Round 12 equalling Sam Mitchell's record of 121 games with 30 or more possessions.

After a strong start to the 2019 season, Ablett was offered a one-match suspension, which would have been the first of his career, after striking Essendon midfielder Dylan Shiel with a forearm to the head in the Cats' round 7 win; the club chose to appeal the suspension at the AFL Tribunal and was ultimately successful, maintaining Ablett's clean record. An almost identical incident occurred the following week involving North Melbourne utility Sam Wright, but Ablett was not penalised. A third incident followed a fortnight later, this time a punch to the jaw of Gold Coast midfielder Anthony Miles; he was again offered a one-match suspension, which the club chose to accept, meaning that Ablett was suspended for the first time in his career after 331 games to that point. After maintaining his good form upon his return, his best game for the year came in a best-on-ground performance round 23 against, when he accumulated 28 disposals and kicked three goals. At the end of the season, Ablett signed a one-year deal with Geelong, extending his AFL career into a nineteenth season, and announced that it would be his last.

Ablett played his 350th game in round 5 of the 2020 season against his former club, Gold Coast, in what was also Joel Selwood's 300th game; he kicked a goal in the final quarter among 14 disposals. He later left the Cats' Perth hub after round 7 to be with his wife and son after earlier revealing that his son had been diagnosed with a rare degenerative disease. After finding out that he would not be allowed to return to play until the final home-and-away round due to Queensland travel restrictions,  Ablett joined two players in the AFL's Gold Coast quarantine hub in September,   before returning in Geelong's win against Sydney in round 18. He was among the best afield in Geelong's preliminary final win against the Brisbane Lions at the Gabba, kicking two third-quarter goals among 14 disposals. Ablett played his final game in Geelong's 31-point loss to in the 2020 AFL Grand Final the following week; he injured his left shoulder in the opening minutes of the game but continued to play, with scans later revealing that he had played out the rest of the match with a broken shoulder.

Other work
In 2009, Ablett appeared alongside other AFL footballers in an AFL television advertisement titled "AFL: In a League of its Own". The ad featured the players playing Australian rules football at famous sporting venues around the world, and in the middle of other sports being played, including basketball, soccer and American football. Ablett is featured in a scene evading cars in an international off-road rally driving event, before kicking the ball to Fremantle player Matthew Pavlich. The ad premiered on television on 22 March 2009.

Personal life
Ablett is a member of what has been called the "Ablett dynasty", a group of footballers all descended from Alf and Colleen Ablett. Ablett's father, Gary Ablett Sr., and two of his uncles, Kevin and Geoff Ablett, played senior VFL football from the 1970s to the 1990s. His brother Nathan Ablett and cousin, Luke Ablett both played senior football in the 2000s and 2010s. In May 2012, it was noted that, all together, Ablett's family had played a total of 900 matches, with his immediate family (Ablett, his father, and his brother) having a combined total of 500 matches. Ablett's aunt, Fay Ablett, married Michael Tuck, who was up until the 2016 AFL premiership season the AFL's all-time games record holder, with whom she had two sons who also played league football: Shane and Travis Tuck. Ablett's great-uncle, Len Ablett, played in 's 1943 premiership side.

Ablett dated Nine Network presenter Lauren Phillips for seven years, having first started dating after the 2002 grand final of the Victorian Football League. However, in early January 2010 it was confirmed the pair had ended their relationship. Ablett then dated Canadian former model Abby Boulbol. In August 2010, Lauren Phillips confirmed that she and Ablett were back together; however, in September 2012, their relationship ended after nine years together.

At the 2013 Brownlow medal ceremony, Ablett was accompanied by girlfriend Jordan Papalia. After a disappointing season in 2015 where injury kept him out of all but six games, Ablett announced his engagement to Papalia in July. On 1 January 2016, Ablett and Papalia were married in Coldstream, Victoria. The pair gave birth to their son Levi in 2019. It was revealed in an interview in 2020 that Levi has a "rare and degenerative disease". This caused Ablett to miss a significant part of the 2020 home and away season as the hub life nature of the COVID-interrupted season would not allow him to regularly be with his family. The couple had their second child (a daughter) in November 2021. In January 2023, the couple announced Jordan was pregnant with their third child.

Ablett is a committed Christian. During Ablett's longing to seek a trade back to Geelong, his eldest sister Natasha died in October 2017 during the trade period.

Statistics
! colspan=3 | Career ! 357 !! 445 !! 337 !! 4695 !! 4201 !! 8896 !! 1152 !! 1533 !! 1.2 !! 0.9 !! 13.2 !! 11.8 !! 24.9 !! 3.2 !! 4.3 !! 262
 * 2002 || || 29
 * 12 || 10 || 3 || 37 || 63 || 100 || 13 || 25 || 0.8 || 0.3 || 3.1 || 5.3 || 8.3 || 1.1 || 2.1 || 0
 * 2003 || || 29
 * 22 || 26 || 20 || 189 || 138 || 327 || 61 || 77 || 1.2 || 0.9 || 8.6 || 6.3 || 14.9 || 2.8 || 3.5 || 3
 * 2004 || || 29
 * 21 || 35 || 25 || 178 || 123 || 301 || 46 || 93 || 1.7 || 1.2 || 8.5 || 5.9 || 14.3 || 2.2 || 4.4 || 3
 * 2005 || || 29
 * 24 || 29 || 26 || 257 || 178 || 435 || 65 || 86 || 1.2 || 1.1 || 10.7 || 7.4 || 18.1 || 2.7 || 3.6 || 3
 * 2006 || || 29
 * 21 || 35 || 28 || 212 || 142 || 354 || 74 || 65 || 1.7 || 1.3 || 10.1 || 6.8 || 16.9 || 3.5 || 3.1 || 5
 * bgcolor=F0E68C | 2007# || || 29
 * 25 || 30 || 26 || 358 || 309 || 667 || 98 || 86 || 1.2 || 1.0 || 14.3 || 12.4 || 26.7 || 3.9 || 3.4 || 20
 * 2008 || || 29
 * 21 || 26 || 24 || 288 || 318 || 606 || 100 || 95 || 1.2 || 1.1 || 13.7 || 15.1 || 28.9 || 4.8 || 4.5 || 22
 * bgcolor=F0E68C | 2009# || || 29
 * 22 || 27 || 26 || 299 || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 445† || 744 || 93 || 92 || 1.2 || 1.2 || 13.6 || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 20.2† || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 33.8† || 4.2 || 4.2 || bgcolor=98FB98 | 30±
 * 2010 || || 29
 * 24 || 44 || 26 || 338 || 418 || 756 || 106 || 101 || 1.8 || 1.1 || 14.1 || 17.4 || 31.5 || 4.4 || 4.2 || 26
 * 2011 || || 9
 * 20 || 18 || 17 || 304 || 301 || 605 || 45 || 119 || 0.9 || 0.9 || 15.2 || 15.1 || 30.3 || 2.3 || 6.0 || 23
 * 2012 || || 9
 * 20 || 26 || 19 || 389 || 286 || 675 || 61 || 110 || 1.3 || 1.0 || 19.5 || 14.3 || 33.8 || 3.1 || 5.5 || 24
 * 2013 || || 9
 * 21 || 28 || 23 || 343 || 312 || 655 || 73 || 96 || 1.3 || 1.1 || 16.3 || 14.9 || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 31.2† || 3.5 || 4.6 || bgcolor=98FB98 | 28±
 * 2014 || || 9
 * 15 || 24 || 7 || 254 || 227 || 481 || 30 || 91 || 1.6 || 0.5 || 16.9 || 15.1 || 32.1 || 2.0 || 6.1 || 22
 * 2015 || || 9
 * 6 || 10 || 3 || 94 || 43 || 137 || 12 || 28 || 1.6 || 0.5 || 15.6 || 7.2 || 22.8 || 2.0 || 4.6 || 5
 * 2016 || || 9
 * 14 || 10 || 12 || 203 || 175 || 378 || 28 || 85 || 0.7 || 0.9 || 14.5 || 12.5 || 27.0 || 2.0 || 6.7 || 6
 * 2017 || || 9
 * 14 || 8 || 11 || 266 || 196 || 462 || 49 || 77 || 0.6 || 0.8 || 19.0 || 14.0 || 33.0 || 3.5 || 5.5 || 14
 * 2018 || || 4
 * 19 || 16 || 15 || 296 || 256 || 552 || 85 || 72 || 0.8 || 0.8 || 15.6 || 13.5 || 29.1 || 4.5 || 3.8 || 14
 * 2019 || || 4
 * 24 || 34 || 18 || 293 || 189 || 482 || 89 || 108 || 1.4 || 0.8 || 12.2 || 7.9 || 20.1 || 3.7 || 4.5 || 13
 * 2020 || || 4
 * 12 || 9 || 8 || 97 || 82 || 179 || 24 || 27 || 0.8 || 0.7 || 8.1 || 6.8 || 14.9 || 2.0 || 2.3 || 1
 * - class=sortbottom
 * 2015 || || 9
 * 6 || 10 || 3 || 94 || 43 || 137 || 12 || 28 || 1.6 || 0.5 || 15.6 || 7.2 || 22.8 || 2.0 || 4.6 || 5
 * 2016 || || 9
 * 14 || 10 || 12 || 203 || 175 || 378 || 28 || 85 || 0.7 || 0.9 || 14.5 || 12.5 || 27.0 || 2.0 || 6.7 || 6
 * 2017 || || 9
 * 14 || 8 || 11 || 266 || 196 || 462 || 49 || 77 || 0.6 || 0.8 || 19.0 || 14.0 || 33.0 || 3.5 || 5.5 || 14
 * 2018 || || 4
 * 19 || 16 || 15 || 296 || 256 || 552 || 85 || 72 || 0.8 || 0.8 || 15.6 || 13.5 || 29.1 || 4.5 || 3.8 || 14
 * 2019 || || 4
 * 24 || 34 || 18 || 293 || 189 || 482 || 89 || 108 || 1.4 || 0.8 || 12.2 || 7.9 || 20.1 || 3.7 || 4.5 || 13
 * 2020 || || 4
 * 12 || 9 || 8 || 97 || 82 || 179 || 24 || 27 || 0.8 || 0.7 || 8.1 || 6.8 || 14.9 || 2.0 || 2.3 || 1
 * - class=sortbottom
 * 2019 || || 4
 * 24 || 34 || 18 || 293 || 189 || 482 || 89 || 108 || 1.4 || 0.8 || 12.2 || 7.9 || 20.1 || 3.7 || 4.5 || 13
 * 2020 || || 4
 * 12 || 9 || 8 || 97 || 82 || 179 || 24 || 27 || 0.8 || 0.7 || 8.1 || 6.8 || 14.9 || 2.0 || 2.3 || 1
 * - class=sortbottom
 * - class=sortbottom
 * }

Notes

Honours and achievements
Team
 * 2× AFL premiership player : 2007, 2009
 * 3× McClelland Trophy : 2007, 2008, 2019

Individual
 * Gold Coast captain: 2011–2016
 * 2× Brownlow Medal: 2009, 2013
 * 5× Leigh Matthews Trophy: 2007, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2013
 * 3× AFLCA Champion Player of the Year Award: 2007, 2008, 2009
 * 8× All-Australian team: 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 (c), 2012, 2013, 2014
 * 2× Carji Greeves Medal: 2007, 2009
 * 4× Gold Coast Suns Club Champion: 2011, 2012, 2013, 2017
 * Geelong leading goalkicker: 2006
 * 2× Gold Coast leading goalkicker: 2012, 2013
 * 2× Marcus Ashcroft Medal: 2012 (game 2), 2014 (game 1)
 * Australian Football Media Association Player of the Year: 2007
 * 3× Herald Sun Player of the Year: 2007, 2012, 2013
 * 2× Lou Richards Medal: 2009, 2013

title: Gary Ablett Jr.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Francos Spain

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete and redirect to Francisco Franco. – ABCD 21:11, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Francos Spain
Do not mistake this for an article on Franco's Spain (which is already covered btw here Francisco_Franco), this is gamecruft and possibly vanity. Delete and redirct to Francisco Franco--Halidecyphon 05:51, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity, NationStatescruft, very oddly formatted. RickK 06:06, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and Redirect. Gamecruft. Dave the Red (talk) 06:42, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Please don't redirect. Individual users of any particular game are not notable enough to be redirected.  RickK 23:10, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * I believe the redirect is done to the page on General Franco, just incase someone does not type in a ' between the o and s. Zscout370 00:42, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, I misunderstood. Never mind.  RickK 04:16, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * So he finally was destroyed? Cool. As a former player of the game I have to say that the facts stated in the article are mostly true. His dictatorship of one of the largest regions in the game was notorious and longstanding. Grue 19:44, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Electoral district of Brown Hill

The Electoral district of Brown Hill was a Legislative Assembly electorate in the state of Western Australia. It was named for a local land feature, and covered part of the Goldfields city of Boulder, near Kalgoorlie. It was created at the 1904 redistribution and was merged in 1911 with the neighbouring seat of Ivanhoe to form the Electoral district of Brown Hill-Ivanhoe. The only Member for Brown Hill was Thomas Bath of the Labor Party.

title: Electoral district of Brown Hill


text:
Australian work boot

An Australian work boot (or generically elastic-sided boot) is a style of work shoe, typically constructed with a leather upper bound together with elastic sides and pull tabs on the front and back of the boot. The shoe lacks a tongue, and laces, and often contains a steel toe cap for occupational health and safety reasons. When the shoe contains a steel cap they are often known as "safety boots" or "steel toe boots". The boots generally lack an inner lining. The sole is generally polyurethane and the leather uppers are treated to be resistant to hot water, fats and mild alkaline and acid solutions.

The elasticated side design, originally invented in England by Joseph Sparkes Hall in 1837, allows the wearer to put on or remove their boots without the hassle of laces, while enjoying the firm fit of lace-up boots. In addition due to the boot not using laces, the fit is less tight, allowing the foot to breathe, which is beneficial in warm weather. Additionally, the lack of a shoe tongue makes waterproofing the boot easier. The original English design, for urban use, became known as the Chelsea Boot in the 1960s. In 1932  Williams adapted this design for stockmen's boots. There are several Australian companies manufacturing boots in this classic style today. Some of the more popular brands are Blundstone, Rossi Boots,  Williams, Baxter Boots, Redback Boots, Mongrel Boots, and Steel Blue. In Australian English, the manufacturer's brand name is often associated generically with this style of boot, leading to the names Blunnies, RMs or Rossis.

The shoes are typically worn as safety boots in occupationally hazardous environments, as ordinary work boots for people whose work is occasionally hazardous and who need to enter hazardous sites, as formal dress boots, as riding boots, or for particular aesthetic purposes. In the last category, the Novocastrian dance ensemble Tap Dogs uses modified work boots as tap shoes.

title: Australian work boot


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User:StevioMelenchuk

Stevio

title: User:StevioMelenchuk


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Alec Campbell

Alexander William Campbell (26 February 1899 – 16 May 2002) was the final surviving Australian participant of the Gallipoli campaign during the First World War. Campbell joined the Australian Army at the age of 16 in 1915, and served as a stores carrier for two months during the fighting at Gallipoli. He was invalided home and discharged in 1916. He later worked in large number of roles, was twice married and had nine children. He is the great-grandfather of actress, singer and model Ruby Rose.

Biography
Alec Campbell was born in Launceston, Colony of Tasmania, British Empire, the son of Marian Isobel (Thrower) and Samuel Alexander Campbell. He studied at Scotch College, Launceston, and then worked as a clerk with the Colonial Mutual Fire Insurance Company. At the age of 16 he left his job to enlist in the army. Not having his father's permission, he lied about his age, claiming to be two years older to enlist without parental consent. He joined the 15th Battalion of the Australian Imperial Force in July 1915. Not even being old enough to shave, Campbell gained the nickname "The Kid" during his training in Hobart. One of his cousins had died already at Gallipoli, and the idea of Campbell's deployment terrified his parents. His unit embarked from Melbourne aboard HMAT Kyarra on 21 August 1915, and Campbell landed at Anzac Cove in early November 1915. He assisted in carrying ammunition, stores and water to the trenches. He received a minor wound in the fighting at Gallipoli; when evacuated with the rest of the Australian forces in 1916, he became ill with a fever which caused partial facial paralysis. He was subsequently invalided home aboard HMAT Port Sydney on 24 June 1916, and was formally discharged on 22 August 1916 —a Gallipoli veteran at only 17. He only fought in the war for two months; he later explained tersely,
 * "I joined for adventure. There was not a great feeling of defending the Empire. I lived through it, somehow. I enjoyed some of it. I am not a philosopher. Gallipoli was Gallipoli."

Civilian life
Campbell had a crowded life. In South Australia, New South Wales and Tasmania, he was variously a jackaroo, carpenter, railway carriage builder, mature-age university student, public servant, research officer and historian. He received vocational training in motor-body building at the Hobart Repatriation Trade School. He was a union organiser in the Launceston and Hobart railway workshops and an organiser with the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners of Australia (now part of the Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union (CFMEU)). He became president of the Tasmanian branch of the Australian Railways Union between 1939 and 1941, and president of the Launceston Trades and Labor Council between 1939 and 1942. He also worked on the construction of (Old) Parliament House in Canberra.

After the Second World War, Campbell completed an economics degree at the age of 50. He worked with the Department of Labour and National Service.

A lover of sailing, he became an accomplished boat-builder, and competed in seven Sydney to Hobart yacht races. In 1950, he circumnavigated Tasmania aboard the Kintail. Campbell married twice - both wives were named Kathleen - and he fathered nine children, the last one being born when he was sixty-nine.

He led an uncommonly vigorous life. Only in his final few months did he need to use a wheelchair. In the end, a chest infection led to a deteriorating condition, and the 103-year-old war veteran died peacefully on 16 May 2002. He is buried at the Cornelian Bay Cemetery in Hobart.

His second wife, who survived him, observed:
 * "Alec has become national property, although I'm not sure he realises it."

He was survived by thirty grandchildren, thirty-two great-grandchildren (which includes model/actress Ruby Rose) and two great-great-grandchildren, as of 2000. As of 2022, he has nine great-great-grandchildren.

Australian "legend"
In 2000, Campbell was recognised as one of the "Australian Legends". His name and photograph were honoured as part of an annual series of commemorative postage stamps issued by Australia Post since 1997. The stamps commemorate living Australians "who have made lifetime contributions to the development of Australia's national identity and character". Campbell lived to fully enjoy this honour.

Campbell's 45-cent Legend stamp displays the soldier's portrait as a young man, photographed just prior to his departure for Gallipoli. Formal photographs of the other two Anzac centenarians complete this stamp set. In addition, a fourth stamp features the 1914–15 star medal which was presented to all those who fought in campaigns during those war years. These stamps, designed by Cathleen Cram of the Australia Post Design Studio, commemorate the story of events and people shaping contemporary Australia. The Campbell stamp honours him as an individual and as a representative of all 68,000 soldiers at Gallipoli whose actions affected Australia's evolving self-image.

In one of his last public appearances, Campbell led the 2002 Anzac Day Parade in Hobart. As he sat in his car before the parade, he especially seemed to enjoy shaking hands with the dozens of young children who came up to greet him.

Campbell's birth in 1899 was just shortly before the Commonwealth of Australia came into being. At his death, the nation honoured him with a Commonwealth-sponsored state funeral at Saint David's Anglican Cathedral in Hobart on 24 May 2002.

In the context of Campbell's death, then Australian Prime Minister John Howard observed that Campbell was the last living link to that group of Australians that established the ANZAC legend. Howard also acknowledged that Gallipoli was "a story of great valour under fire, unity of purpose and a willingness to fight against the odds" and that Campbell "was the last known person anywhere in the world who served in that extraordinarily tragic campaign." Campbell never understood the intense public attention on his later life and his longevity, and was unhappy at times that he was lauded by conservative politicians who ignored his later union activity. After his death he received many tributes, including from Tasmanian Returned and Services League (RSL) State President Ian Kennett, who said that Mr Alec William Campbell was a great Australian and that he "led a full and happy life and put his energies, upon returning to Hobart, back into his career and family".

At some point between 1996 and 2002, as the ranks of Anzac survivors thinned and Campbell's own health failed, his name rose to prominence. According to Rowan Cahill, writing for the Australian Rail Tram and Bus Industry Union, assertive nationalist and martial forces sought to turn Campbell into an icon as "the last of the Anzacs." Campbell resisted the myth-making. He observed that there was nothing really extraordinary in being the last; rather, he pointed out the simple fact that he had been one of the youngest at Gallipoli. Shortly before his death, Campbell stated that "For god's sake, don't glorify Gallipoli - it was a terrible fiasco, a total failure and best forgotten".

Medals and honours

 * 1914-15 Star
 * British War Medal
 * Victory Medal
 * 80th Anniversary Armistice Remembrance Medal (21 April 1999)
 * Australia Post Australian Legends Award (2000)
 * Centenary Medal (1 January 2002)

title: Alec Campbell


text: Category:Los Angeles

title: Category:Los Angeles


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Ashfall Fossil Beds

The Ashfall Fossil Beds of Antelope County in northeastern Nebraska are rare fossil sites of the type called lagerstätten that, due to extraordinary local conditions, capture an ecological "snapshot" in time of a range of well-preserved fossilized organisms. Ash from a Yellowstone hotspot eruption 10-12 million years ago created these fossilized bone beds. The ash depth was up to 1 foot.

The site is protected as Ashfall Fossil Beds State Historical Park, a 360 acre park that includes a visitor center with interpretive displays and working fossil preparation laboratory, and a protected ongoing excavation site, the Hubbard Rhino Barn, featuring fossil Teleoceras (native hippo-like ancestral rhinoceros) and ancestral horses.

The Ashfall Fossil Beds are especially famous for fossils of mammals from the middle Miocene geologic epoch. The Ashfall Fossil Beds are stratigraphically part of the Serravallian-age Ogallala Group.

Bruneau-Jarbidge event
The Ashfall deposit preserves the fossilized remains of ancient animals that perished in a dense volcanic ash fall which occurred during the late Miocene, approximately 12 million years ago; the animals had come to a waterhole seeking relief. The fall of ash drifted downwind from the Bruneau-Jarbidge supervolcano eruption (in present-day Idaho), nearly 1000 mi west of the Ashfall site. A large number of very well preserved fossil Teleoceras (extinct hippo-like relatives of rhinos), small three-toed and one-toed horses, camels, and birds have been excavated. Many animals were preserved with their bones articulated; one rhino still bears her unborn fetus, while others retain the contents of their last meal.

The bones of the animals show features that indicate that the animals died of lung failure induced by inhaling volcanic ash. The smaller animals with smaller lung capacity were the first to die, and the larger animals were the last. Bite-marks on some bones show that local predators (the carnivorous bone-crunching dog Aelurodon) scavenged some of the carcasses, but no predator remains have yet surfaced. There are also abundant clues to the region's ecology, indicating a savanna of grassland interspersed with trees that luxuriated in a warmer, milder climate than today's.

The rapidly accumulating ash, windblown into deep drifts at low places like the waterhole site, remained moderately soft. The ash preserved the animals in three dimensions; not even the delicate bones of birds or the carapaces of turtles were crushed. Above the layer of ash, a stratum of more erosion-resistant sandstone has acted as "caprock" to preserve the strata beneath.

Preservation
The first hint of the site's richness was the skull of a juvenile rhinoceros noticed in 1971 eroding out of a gully at the edge of a cornfield. In 1971, University of Nebraska State Museum paleontologist Michael Voorhies was walking with his wife Jane through a series of gullies on Melvin Colson's farm in northeastern Nebraska and made this discovery. The Nebraska Game and Parks Foundation purchased the Ashfall site in 1986. Ashfall Fossil Beds State Historical Park opened in 1991. The site was declared a National Natural Landmark on May 9, 2006.

The park's Hubbard Rhino Barn opened in 2009. The 17500 sqft pavilion lets visitors observe as paleontologists carry out excavations of new discoveries exactly where the fossilized remains lie preserved. Specially constructed walkways afford visitors an unobstructed close-up view of paleontologists at work during the summer field season.

Species
The remains of Teleoceras are so numerous and concentrated that the main section of Ashfall is called the "Rhino Barn". Other fossils at the "Rhino Barn" include the remains of horses and camels. Taxa discovered in the Ashfall deposits include:

 * five horse genera: Cormohipparion, Protohippus, Pseudhipparion, Neohipparion and Pliohippus
 * three camelid genera: Procamelus, Aepycamelus and Protolabis
 * three canid genera: Leptocyon, Cynarctus and evidence of scavenging from a bone-crushing canid, possibly Epicyon
 * one rhinoceros genus: Teleoceras
 * one saber-toothed musk deer genus: Longirostromeryx
 * three bird species: Balearica exigua (a crowned crane), Apatosagittarius (a hawk resembling the living secretarybird), and Anchigyps (a scavenger related to Old World vultures)
 * three turtle species: Hesperotestudo (a large tortoise), Sternotherus (a musk turtle) and Chrysemys (a painted turtle)

title: Ashfall Fossil Beds


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Brown Hill

Brown Hill or Brownhill may refer to:

 * Brown Hill, Victoria - a suburb in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
 * Brown Hill Creek - a river in Adelaide, South Australia
 * Brown Hill, Mitcham - a hill in Mitcham, South Australia
 * Electoral district of Brown Hill - an electorate in Western Australia
 * Brownhill, a suburb in Blackburn, Lancashire, England
 * Brownhill, County Fermanagh, a townland in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland
 * Brownhill, County Tyrone, a townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland
 * Brown Hill, Huntly

People

 * Brownhill (surname)

title: Brown Hill


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Brownhill

Brownhill is a suburb of Blackburn, in the unitary borough of Blackburn with Darwen, in Lancashire, England. It is situated to the north-east of the town centre, in the Roe Lee ward which has an estimated population of 5,948. Other nearby places include Ramsgreave, Wilpshire and Sunnybower.

Brownhill sports a number of local businesses including Brownhill Pharmacy, Brownhill Post Office, Brownhill Arms (situated approximately 0.3 mi from Ramsgreave and Wilpshire railway station ) and Videorama.

In the centre of Brownhill is the junction of the A666 Whalley New Road and A6119 Blackburn Ring Road; when the ring road was built in the 1920s it was a roundabout with the Blackburn to Wilpshire tram route through the middle.

Brownhill has three churches: Holy Souls (Roman Catholic), St Gabriel's (Church of England) and Trinity (Congregational). St Gabriel's is located on Brownhill Drive, and was built in 1933 to replace the original St Gabriel's Church, which was situated on Pearl Street. St Gabriel's is now somewhat of a famous Blackburnian landmark due to its 'light-up' red cross, which was installed in 1964, can be seen as far away as Clayton-le-Moors (approximately 8 mi).

The BP garage in Brownhill offers 24-hour fuel, off licence and grocery services.

title: Brownhill


text:
Category talk:Treaties

Template
Should we create a template (e.g. a sidebar) for treaties? I was thinking, we could list their signing date, date of entry into force, number of parties, etc. 24.54.208.177 05:56, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * See WikiProject Treaties and Template:Treatybox. 205.217.105.2 17:44, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Top-listing
Is there any reason for so many treaties to be at the top level in this category, or can we subcat them by chronological order and countries involved? -- Visviva 04:51, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

Suggested category structure

 * Category:Treaties by country
 * Self-explanatory and already established.

 * Category:Treaties by topic
 * Category:Drug control treaties
 * Category:Peace treaties
 * Category:Military alliances
 * And so on.

 * Category:Treaties by organization
 * Category:European Union treaties
 * Category:Geneva Conventions
 * Category:Hague Conventions
 * And so on.

 * Category:Treaties by war (Only in cases where multiple treaties were made during the course of the war)
 * Category:Cold War treaties
 * Category:Napoleonic Wars treaties
 * Category:World War II treaties
 * And so on.

 * Category:Treaties by century (Only subdivide if necessary; avoid overcategorization)
 * Category:1800s treaties
 * Category:1900s treaties
 * Category:1920s treaties

--Hemlock Martinis 20:49, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

Legal terms
Should a sub-cat be created containing legal terms like Procès-verbal, reservation (law) and clausula rebus sic stantibus? I think many users might find it more convenient because otherwise Treaties probably conjures to mind specific agreements rather than a list of terms pertaining to the diplomatic process of negotiating treaties. --达伟 (talk) 17:46, 19 December 2009 (UTC)

Categorisation of treaties with many national signatures.
Currently, wikipedia has articles on many treaties (for example - Fourth_Geneva_Convention) - that have a very large "categories" listing, because every nation that is a signatory to that treaty gains a separate "treaty's of nation X" category. This creates a uniquely large category block at the end of suck articles, that in my view is unhelpful to the presentation of such articles. This page is a bit of a niche, so i am anticipating i may need to take this to an RFC or other forum, but any comments on this would be welcome!

title: Category talk:Treaties


text: File:RNathanielDett.jpg

title: File:RNathanielDett.jpg


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Electoral district of Ivanhoe (Western Australia)

The Electoral district of Ivanhoe was a Legislative Assembly electorate in the state of Western Australia. It was named for a local settlement, and covered part of the Goldfields city of Boulder, near Kalgoorlie. It was created at the 1904 redistribution and was merged in 1911 with the neighbouring seat of Brown Hill to form the Electoral district of Brown Hill-Ivanhoe. The only Member for Ivanhoe was John Scaddan of the Labor Party.


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Talk:Universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter

Chips
The IBM PC compatibles used National Semiconductor 8250, not the Intel serial chip - because the National chips had built-in programmable baud rate generators. The sucessors were also made by National. This article needs a block diagram of a UART, too. --Wtshymanski 05:58, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I made a diagram of the encoding scheme. I don't know if that's what you meant, though. I'd like it if someone integrated it into the article for me - I fear I would not be able to do it properly. The diagram is. RT Jones (talk) 00:18, 5 November 2008 (UTC)

RS 232 and so forth
These standards are discussed in their own articles; the UART may interface to the control lines of an RS 232 interface but doesn't directly generate the voltage levels that go out on the wire. --Wtshymanski 17:49, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

Programming tips for PCs
"INT 14" is hopelessly IBM-PC specific and not appropriate for a general article on UARTS. I've moved the following lines here but I don't think they belong in this article at all. --Wtshymanski 18:57, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

Common registers
In most UART chips, registers are grouped into 3 categories: Data Registers: Receiver Buffer Register (RBR), Transmitter Holding Register (THR), Sratchpad Register (SCR) Control Registers: Bitrate Select Register (DLL/DLM), Line Control Register (LCR), Modem Control Register (MCR), Interrupt Enable Register (IER), Interrupt Identification Register (IIR) Status Registers: Line Status Register (LSR), Modem Status Register (MSR)

Description
RBR Circuitry in the 8250 chip is programmable to work with 5, 6, 7, or 8 data bits THR is used to hold temporary parallel data waiting to be converted to sequence of bits. On a 8250 chip, the Read/Write SCR is not used LCR is used to control the format of data character LSR is usually the first register read by the microprocessor. This register is used to indicate the errors, if any, that may occur as well as the status of the current operation
MCR is used to control the interface with the modem/data set

MSR provides the microprocessor with the status of the modem input lines
 Also, in some hardware manuals, DLab refers to the last bit (bit 7, or the most significant bit) of the Line Control Register (LCR)

Basic steps in serial port programming involving the UART
The software will need to initialise the serial port first. After successful initialisation, all operations on the serial port will be passed to and handled by the UART chipset. The basic steps are summarised below:

Initialise the serial port. To do this, one need to either call interrupt 14h, or write data to the port via its address directly. It is also important that the software set the data format (using LCR) and the data transfer rate (using MCR).

First level (or device-level) handshaking. The software and hardware will indicate their readiness for the operation. This includes sending Data Terminal Ready (DTR) and Data Set Ready (DSR) signals.
Second level (or data-level) handshaking. Both parties indicate their readiness for the data transfer process. The software and hardware will send Request To Send (RTS) and Clear To Send (CTS) signals respectively.
During the transfer process, both the software and the hardware will need to make sure that THR is empty before sending any data and that RBR is ready before reading any data from it.

Baud vs. bps
From the article: Speeds for UARTs are in bits per second (bit/s or bps), although often incorrectly called the baud rate. From the baud article: In telecommunications and electronics, baud [...] is a measure of the symbol rate [...] Early modems operated only at one bit per symbol, and so baud rate and bit rate for those devices were equivalent.

Doesn't the second quote contradict the first quote? UARTS are 1 bit per symbol and their baud should therefor be equal to their bps. The first quote should therefor be changed. (I'm just passing by.) 129.241.129.67 20:40, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, for a UART, the bit rate and baud rate are the same. For an analog signal employing modulation, as used with modems on the public switched telephone network, more than one bit is usually encoded into a signal, so the baud rate is usually much lower than the bit rate.  --Brouhaha 07:11, 16 June 2007 (UTC)
 * RS-232 allows for two levels, so on the cable baud is bits/second. And also, the send/receive pins on the UART. The distinction is important for the signal going out on the telephone line for modems, but that doesn't apply here. Gah4 (talk) 18:56, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
 * RS-232 allows for two levels, so on the cable baud is bits/second. And also, the send/receive pins on the UART. The distinction is important for the signal going out on the telephone line for modems, but that doesn't apply here. Gah4 (talk) 18:56, 12 April 2023 (UTC)

pronunciation
Someone gave a pronunciation of OO-wuh AT. I thought this was odd, so I edited it out. Please replace if I'm wrong - there's an English IPA key at IPA-en. kwami 06:16, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

Swap
An asynchronous transmission sends nothing over the interconnection when the transmitting device has nothing to send; but a synchronous interface must send "pad" characters to maintain synchronism between the receiver and transmitter. The two modes need to be swapped, don't they? Sevcsik 20:12, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

I've tweaked the article to now say "An asynchronous transmission sends no characters over the interconnection when the transmitting device has nothing to send".

Take the case where a USART ran out of things to send, but then 3 normal bit-times later, it was given a "W" to send. All the asynchronous transmitters I've studied send nothing when it had nothing to send -- in some cases "disconnecting" hi-Z from the transmission media, literally sending nothing; in other cases continuously transmitting the "logical 1 stop bit" until it has something else to send. In this case, the UART would send 3 stop bits (rather than the normal 1 stop bit between characters), then when the "W" character suddenly arrived, it would send the 1 start bit, then start sending the data bits that make up the "W". Those "extra" 2 stop bits do help maintain synchronism, but they are not considered an entire "character".

I've seen a few synchronous transmission protocols that would simply stop not transmit those 3 bit clock pulses when it had nothing to send, which seems to contradict the article.

However, all the USARTs I've studied (which is the focus of this article, right?) conform to the article's description. They all continuously transmit bit clock pulses at a constant rate whether or not it has anything to send. If such a synchronous transmitter immediately started sending the "W" 3 bit clocks after the last byte sent, then the receiver would lose the byte alignment. So, in practice, -- in synchronous mode -- the USART immediately must start sending the "pad" character after sending the last real data bit; then it delays sending the "W" until all 8 bits of that pad character have been transmitted, and so maintains byte alignment.

Some higher-level protocols -- especially when communication goes over noisy radio links, rather than hard-wired links -- do send extra "pad" characters to maintain synchronism between the receiver and transmitter, whether or not the underlying hardware uses synchronous or asynchronous transmission. These pad characters -- even when the underlying hardware uses asynchronous transmission, and so does not need them to maintain byte alignment -- helps the higher-level protocol maintain packet alignment (which byte is the start of the packet?), and can also help underlying hardware maintain bit alignment (is this exactly 7 zeros in a row, or 8 zeros?).

Does that answer your question? --68.0.124.33 (talk) 17:07, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

My experience with USARTs when they are operating synchronously is that "pad" data is unnecessary. Also, when operating synchronously, they will still include the framing data--the start,stop and (optional) parity bits.

The "pad" characters are unnecessary since, just as when operating asynchronously, the transmission line will be held in the idle state. And, just as when operating asynchronously, a start bit is used to indicate a start send condition.

A USART operating synchronously operates pretty much like a traditional UART with the exception that the two ends of the transmission share the same transmission clock. One end acts as a master and generates a clock signal which it shares with the slave. The slave then uses this external clock signal for synchronization when sending and receiving. The two ends still need to agree on which frame format will be used but no longer need to agree to a baud rate since this is determined by the clock signal generated by the master.

When operating synchronously, the two ends need to agree about which edge of the clock will be used for data sampling and which edge of the clock will be used for changing the data.

The clock signal that the master generates will continue to run even when it (the master) isn't sending data. This is neccessary so that the slave can transmit data to the master. I imagine some implementations may stop the clock if the master doesn't receive data from the slave but I don't know that for certain. --99.179.69.42 (talk) 10:53, 24 February 2010 (UTC)

Questions
So is UART similar to RAMDAC (in Graphics card and TV Tuner cards), except they translate Digital-to-Analog vs UART that translate parallel-to-serial? --Ramu50 (talk) 17:36, 18 July 2008 (UTC)
 * No. At least not in any sense stronger than the way sheep are similar to fish, except that they give milk.--Wtshymanski (talk) 20:54, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

roflmao....milk Do they come in Human Breast Milk yogurt form......(slap in the face) joking, jokin --Ramu50 (talk) 00:01, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes. There are several similarities between a UART and a combination of a graphics card RAMDAC and a TV tuner card ADC. Both are integrated circuits. The CPU sends information -- a bitmap image to the buffer RAM on the graphics card, characters to the character buffer inside the UART. The chip then sends that information out at a steady pace, one significant condition at a time. The graphics card also adds a "frame" of HSYNC and VSYNC signals, analogous to the "start" and "stop" framing bits generated by the UART. The signals coming out the UART pins or RAMDAC pins flow into a line driver, and the signals from the line driver in turn typically flow into some kind of D-subminiature connector connected to a cable to the outside world.
 * At the receiver, incoming signals go through the connector to an analog amplifier; the amplifier output flows into the UART or TV decoder pins.
 * The TV tuner card uses the HSYNC and VSYNC to synchronize with the transmitter and discover the beginning and the end of the image, analagous to the way the receiving UART uses the framing bits to synchronize with the transmitter and discover the beginning and end of the character. Both systems have a small buffer memory to hold the data. With both systems, the CPU typically pulls the data out of that buffer and stores it on a hard drive.
 * Both systems often have software handle bigger chunks of data and decide where those chunks begin and end (the beginning and end of a movie for the graphics card / tuner card; the beginning and end of a packet or a file for the UART).
 * Other than that, I agree with the previous poster that UART vs. RAMDAC are totally different categories of things. :-). --68.0.124.33 (talk) 02:33, 21 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Right. After all, both sheep and fish are found in Scotland.  But one must work hard to find the similarities and I doubt they explain the operation of either system well. --Wtshymanski (talk) 01:00, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

must be set for the same ... stop bits for proper operation
Except for many if not most systems, the stop bits don't have to be the same, because there is nothing timing the stop level. It all gets re-synchronised at the next start bit. That's the beauty of asynchronous communication.

Is there an example of a system that requires the stop bits to be set the same? Change it back if I'm wrong.
 * Think about this. If the sending end sends a shorter stop bit than the receiver expects, the receiver will never be ready for a new character unless there are intervals betweeen transmitted characters. The reciever needs at least the stop bit time to recognize the end of a character. I suppose if the sender sends a longer stop bit than the reciever expects, this would work, but the link would be slower than necessary. It is more accurate to say the stop bits must match than to leave them out. --Wtshymanski (talk) 18:09, 8 August 2008 (UTC)
 * The systems that I use don't care about the number of stop bits. Think about it: If it cares about the length of the word, it is a synchronous system, not an asynchronous system. UARTs re-synchronise on the start bit, and if they have got a bit out of sync by the end of the previous byte, they don't care.
 * I am using physical systems that do not care about the number of stop bits. I know that most current physical devices do not care about the number of stop bits (mechanical tty did not have UARTs anyway). http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc2513.pdf. http://ece-www.colorado.edu/~ecen2120/Manual/uart/UART.html,
 * What I mean is, change it back if you know that there is a specific Windows implementation which requires matched stop bits, and it would confuse people to put in the truth about current normal implementations. Obviously, most modems don't care about the number of stop bits, but they don't count, because they are auto-synchronising anyway. Assuming you use serial comms on your PC, does setting the stop bits wrong matter? It doesn't on mine: I can do laplink with mis-matched stop bits. It doesn't on any current hardware I'm familiar with, but if in practice it would confuse people I'm willing to let it stand. You need to find an actual example though. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 150.101.166.15 (talk) 03:12, 12 August 2008 (UTC)
 * It's got nothing to do with Windows, PCs, UARTs or mechanical teletypes - imagine youself as a device watching a serial line. I've just gotten a start bit, I count bit times and now I have my eight (or seven or five or whatever) data bits, I'm expecting two stop bits...suddenly I get another edge. Chaos! Is this a new start bit? What do I do with the old character - it never completed it's frame, I must raise an overrun error. And, at the very least, sending two stop bits on every character when the receiver needs only one is inefficient. If mechanical TTYs didn't care about two stop bits, then why did they send two stop bits?   I'd also be wary of anything PC-hosted communications software tells you about how characters are set up - I'd like to see it on a scope, because I think some software lies about what it is doing. I'm restoring it, oh annonymous co-editor. Have you considered logging in? It makes this sort of collabrative discussion much easier. Also then we dont' get those annoying bot-generated  signatures. --Wtshymanski (talk) 13:37, 13 August 2008 (UTC)
 * No examples, no references, no indication that you've read either of the references I provided, but an admirable belief in the righteousness of your cause. What should I try next? You are painting me into a corner here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 150.101.166.15 (talk) 08:41, 25 August 2008 (UTC)

 * You must have at least one stop bit to distinguish between the end of this character and the start of a new one. The only reason that more than one stop bit was implemented was to allow the receiver time to process the just-received character and prepare for the next one. This would largely be for historical reasons when chips processed data quite slowly compared to today. Bear in mind that the indeterminate amount of time between characters (since this is an asynchronous system) effectively means that there could be hundreds of "stop bits" before the next character, so there could not be any major reason not to send more stop bits than the receiver is expecting, excepting a slight inefficiency. Thus, sending two stop bits when the receiver is expecting one would not cause problems, unless you count wasting the time spent to send the extra bit as a problem. However sending one stop bit when the receiver is expecting two could cause major problems if (and only if) the hardware actually needed the extra time to process the just-received character. I don't believe the UART would raise a framing error if it didn't get the second stop bit, although I can't find any authoritative reference off-hand. For it to check that it got two stop bits would defeat the purpose of having two stop bits in the first place - to give the UART time to move the completed character into its buffer and notify the processor that the incoming character had arrived. If it could do all that and also check that it got two stop bits it may as well just require one stop bit. From what I have seen, the framing error is simply caused by not having a logic 1 at the point when the stop bit should have arrived (and not that you check for a second logic 1 when the second stop bit should have arrived). Putting it another way, at the point you should be checking for the stop bit value you would be half-way through the stop bit, and thus have half a bit time to prepare for the next start bit. Some of that might be chewed up by slight clock differences between sender and receiver. So, depending on the speed of the chips in question, and the bit rate, you might specify two stop bits to give you that extra time. Zoewyr (talk) 04:12, 3 January 2011 (UTC)
 * "However sending one stop bit when the receiver is expecting two could cause major problems if (and only if) the hardware actually needed the extra time to process the just-received character. I don't believe the UART would raise a framing error if it didn't get the second stop bit... " If the UART is configured for two stop bits and it only sees one stop bit and then the start bit for the next character, yes, some in my experience will raise a framing error because this could indicate noise on the line. Hook up a serial terminal to a computer, configure the terminal for two stop bits and the computer for one, and send a stream of data... the terminal will display a series of white blobs or whatever its notation for "framing error" is. In my experience. A link to a manual for a very recent microcontroller that says "the receiver ignores the second stop bit" is fine but does not prove that this is universal practice. Jeh (talk) 21:01, 15 November 2016 (UTC)
 * "This would largely be for historical reasons when chips processed data quite slowly compared to today. " Highly doubtful. Even UARTs built from random logic in the pre-LSI, DTL and RTL days weren't that slow. But 110 bps Teletype machines needed the two bit times to allow the UART, which was electromechanical in such machines, along with the rest of the mechanism time to come back to "zero". Try sending one of those a steady stream with just one stop bit and it prints garbage. Jeh (talk) 21:39, 15 November 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes. All electronic UARTs that I know, will accept one stop bit. It is the mechanical UART, as noted, for ones like the ASR-33, the need two. There is a mechanical device that rotates once per character, and has to physically stop and start. There were also ones that used 1.5 stop bits, such as the IBM 2741. The 2741 uses a six-bit code with shift/unshift (which rotate the type ball 180 degrees). Also, the 2741 locks the keyboard when printing. The ATTN key, equivalent to BREAK on ASCII terminals, is the only thing one can do while receiving. Gah4 (talk) 19:07, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes. All electronic UARTs that I know, will accept one stop bit. It is the mechanical UART, as noted, for ones like the ASR-33, the need two. There is a mechanical device that rotates once per character, and has to physically stop and start. There were also ones that used 1.5 stop bits, such as the IBM 2741. The 2741 uses a six-bit code with shift/unshift (which rotate the type ball 180 degrees). Also, the 2741 locks the keyboard when printing. The ATTN key, equivalent to BREAK on ASCII terminals, is the only thing one can do while receiving. Gah4 (talk) 19:07, 12 April 2023 (UTC)

TAE?
The term "TAE" is mentioned but this term is not defined in this article or in other articles in Wikipedia (in a relevant meaning, anyway). I would love to rectify this but I don't know what's TAE and neither Google "define" nor the free acronyms dictionary had the answer :-( 22:07, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

 * It caught my attention too. I also couldn't find any other reference to TAE so I checked the page history and it was the last change made. I checked the author's recent contributions and they are all acts of vandalisms. My guess is a vandal got newly  assigned that IP (some earlier contributions are a legitimite ones). I reverted the edit. If anybody can come with a good explanation what TAE is, just put it back, please. 24.80.185.126 (talk) 10:13, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

Baud vs Bits
Bits per second is the payload, not the symbol rate. 9600 baud has 9600 symbols per second. For example for a UART set to 8N1, there is it requires 1 baud of start, 8 baud of data, 1 baud of stop, for a total of 10 baud time. The bit per second is 9600 * (8/10) = 7680 bits per second. If you look at any UART data sheet, they use the term baud everywhere, such as the "baud rate" generator. • Sbmeirow  •  Talk  • 09:26, 15 November 2016 (UTC) https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Serial_Programming/Complete_Wikibook#Data_Transmission_Rates

 * First, thank you for starting discussion along with your revert.
 * We don't consider Wikibooks (or Wikipedia itself) a RS as it is user-generated content. See WP:USERG.
 * " The bit per second is 9600 * (8/10) = 7680 bits per second." Sorry but that is wrong. The relationship between bit rate and baud is not due to the start and stop framing bits. It's due to the difference between bits per second and symbols per second.
 * Yes, it is true that in async serial there is a difference between total channel bits (which include the start and stop bits) and what you are calling "payload bits" (which don't). But "baud" doesn't have anything to do with that. (Nor, in more complex protocols, does it have anything to do with packet framing, checksums, or other differences between "payload" and total bits sent or received.")
 * See our article Baud. "The term baud has sometimes incorrectly been used to mean bit rate,[2] ..."
 * Please also see http://electronicdesign.com/communications/what-s-difference-between-bit-rate-and-baud-rate - that's from EDN magazine.
 * "Any UART data sheet" - What about, , , ... If they say "baud rate generator", well, they're wrong. Any good book on data communications theory will explain this. The confusion of baud with bit/s is a very old and very well known canard. The unit of information is the bit, not the baud. One baud is a symbol rate of one symbol per second. The baud of a link is related to its information transfer speed (bit/s) but is not necessarily the same. You have to know the bits per symbol to relate the two. One symbol can convey more than one bit, or fewer than one bit, or exactly one bit.
 * A UART doesn't know anything about the symbol rate that might be in use further down the line, so there is no point in talking about "baud" in connection with a UART. If the serial input and output of the UART are used directly, then yes, one bit = one symbol and so the bit rate in bit/s = baud. But there's still no reason to not use "bit rate", "bit/s", etc. Again, UARTs deal with bits. When you program a bit rate generator to create the clock signal for a UART you are setting the bits per second on the serial pins - this includes the start and stop bits.
 * Let's say we set it to 9600 bit/s. Now let's say we attach an old async modem capable of 9600 bit/s (again, that includes start and stop bits). Those modems used a coding scheme that sent four bits per symbol. Thus the 9600 bit/s was sent and received on the phone line at 2400 baud. That is the difference between "bit rate" and "baud". You still set the serial port on the DTE for 9600. Again, the UART is unaware of the symbol rate. The UART knows only bits.
 * Note that the "baud" spec does not distinguish between start, stop, and data bits. If it's 2400 baud (2400 symbols/sec) and each symbol carries four bits, then the bit rate is 9600 bit/s. It doesn't matter to either figure that some of those bits are start and stop bits.
 * Language and units: It is vital to understand that a measurement expressed in Baud is always a rate, symbols per second. Not a simple number of things. One baud is not one bit, not ever. One baud is not even ever one symbol. One baud = one symbol per second. So we shouldn't write "9600 baud per second", we just write "9600 baud". So when you wrote "1 baud of start" you were writing "1 symbol per second of start", which makes no sense. If you want to express the time, the duration, of the start bit, that is simply expressed in (probably fractional) seconds, not in "symbols per second": A duration does not have a "per second" in it. "10 baud time" would mean "10 symbols per second time" - i.e. the duration of, not 10 symbols, but of 10 symbol changes per second. Which again makes no sense if you're talking about a duration, a measurement of elapsed time. You can write "10 symbols per second" (10 baud), or you can write "the time it takes for 10 symbols" (which would be 1 s in this case), but not "the duration of 10 symbols per second".  A number of symbols per second is a rate. It is not something that has a duration.
 * So re the table column heading "time per baud" - aside from the fact that "baud" refers to symbols and not bits, since "baud" means "symbols per second", "time per baud" is really saying "time per symbol per second". Which is like saying "time per mile per hour". It makes no sense. e.g. you can say "time per mile", or "miles per time" for that matter. But the only reason to say "time per mile per hour" would be if you were talking about something like acceleration. (Like "0 to 60 mph in 10 seconds", an acceleration - rate of change of speed - of 10 miles per hour per second.) If you're measuring a simple duration, you don't put "per unit time" after it, but that's what "baud" implies. If the data in the column is expressing time in seconds (or in microfortnights for that matter), "bit duration" or "bit time" or "time per bit" would be correct headings.
 * Finally, see our Manual of Style at WP:COMPUNITS. We're required to use bit/s to express data transmission rates, not baud. QED.
 * Fact is that even the term "baud rate", common though it is, is incorrect, just as it would be incorrect to say "Hertz rate". A symbol rate expressed as a number with "baud" after it already has "per second" in it, so e.g. "9600 baud" is already "9600 symbols per second". "Baud rate" would be talking about the number of symbols per second per second, or something like that. You wouldn't talk about the "velocity rate" of a projectile; "velocity" is already a "rate" of displacement over time. Nor do you talk about the "amp rate" of an electrical load, since the ampere already has a "per unit time" built into it; it's already a rate. But "baud rate" (like the similarly wrong "rate of speed") is so pervasive that it's probably hopeless to try to fix that one. We can avoid it, though, by using the more correct "bit rate". Jeh (talk) 10:08, 15 November 2016 (UTC)

A) In WP:COMPUNITS, it says "the definition most relevant to the article should be chosen as primary for that article". A vast majority of recent UART documents clearly show the term "baud" is very relevant term.
 * SBMEIROW RESPONSE

B) I understand that multiple bits can be packed into one "baud" or "time unit" in dial-up modems and a mountain of wireless communication protocols, but this article is NOT about them, instead it is specifically about the UART. The only thing that matters in this article is the UART itself and the serial data that is arriving/leaving in/out of the actual UART.

C) My use of "any datasheet", means RECENT datasheets for RECENT parts. Cherry-picking OBSOLETE ANCIENT datasheets are important from a historical sense, but recent technical nomenclature should be used to describe things in 2016.  The following 12 links to newer documents from 12 different companies clearly show how prevalent the term BAUD is used with UARTs.  Also, I'm confident that I could post a mountain of similar datasheets since almost every microcontroller has a UART inside of it.  This evidence alone is a very strong reason of why the BAUD nomenclature should be used as much as possible in this Wikipedia UART article in 2016.

 * UART chip
 * 2016 - http://www.zilog.com/docs/PS0389.pdf
 * 2015 - https://datasheets.maximintegrated.com/en/ds/MAX3110E-MAX3111E.pdf
 * 2015 - https://www.exar.com/content/document.ashx?id=1585&partnumber=XR17V352
 * 2015 - http://www.intersil.com/content/dam/Intersil/documents/82c5/82c52.pdf
 * 2010 - http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/SC16C850.pdf
 * 2006 - http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tl16c550d.pdf

 * USB to UART chip
 * 2016 - http://www.ftdichip.com/Support/Documents/DataSheets/ICs/DS_FT260.pdf
 * 2015 - http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/20002228C.pdf

 * Microcontroller chip
 * 2016 - http://www.st.com/content/ccc/resource/technical/document/datasheet/96/ed/61/9b/e0/6c/45/0b/DM00166116.pdf/files/DM00166116.pdf/jcr:content/translations/en.DM00166116.pdf
 * 2016 - http://www.atmel.com/Images/Atmel-42735-8-bit-AVR-Microcontroller-ATmega328-328P_datasheet.pdf

 * FPGA "soft" blocks
 * 2016 - https://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/ip_documentation/axi_uartlite/v2_0/pg142-axi-uartlite.pdf
 * 2016 - http://www.cypress.com/file/274551/download

D) Signed • Sbmeirow  •  Talk  • 01:50, 16 November 2016 (UTC)

 * a) Re COMPUNITS, the provision you quote, "The definition most relevant to the article should be chosen as primary for that article", is in a section that concerns only the choice of binary vs. decimal prefixes. e.g. does Mb mean 1048576 bits or 1000000 bits. It is in no way license to pick something that isn't in the preceding table of "Specific units". I know; I was part of the last great IEC prefix discussion, so I know very well where that sentence came from and to what it refers.
 * b) "The only thing that matters in this article is the UART itself and the serial data that is arriving/leaving in/out of the actual UART." Exactly! And the UART does not speak in symbols, only in bits, so bit/s is correct. Use of the term "baud" implies that some other bits-to-symbol mapping may be going on. In addition to the other articles already linked, look at our article on Symbol rate.
 * c) Re data sheets, yes, ignorance is everywhere. (Why, some people I've encountered even believe that framing bits don't count in the channel bit rate!) Just because a lot of tech writers apparently never took any formal classes in communication theory doesn't mean it's our job to perpetuate their ignorance. I notice you do not actually dispute that "baud" means "symbols per second". Well then, it is not synonymous with "bits per second" and certainly does not mean "bit" or "bits" as you claimed.
 * d) In particular this confusion over rate vs. quantity makes the "time per baud" column heading in the table an absurdity. The correct heading is time per bit, or bit duration. You cannot put a measurement of duration under a heading that says "time per baud". It isn't even wrong. I suppose one could write "time per baud•second", which ends up as time per symbol, but that seems like a lot of work. Kind of like writing "ampere•seconds" instead of "Coulombs". But "time per baud•second" still wouldn't work for this article because nothing here is talking about symbols, only bits.
 * e) Do you actually disagree that bit/s would be a technically correct term, if not the term best supported by the data sheets you happened to quote? Do you disagree that "bit duration" would be a technically correct column heading in the table?
 * btw, you don't actually have to write "signed". Just type the four tildes. The distinctive formatting of the resulting signature is sufficient. Jeh (talk) 02:41, 16 November 2016 (UTC)

 * I've been busy most of last 7 days. Next 2-3 days will be busy because of Holiday.  I'm also trying to get caught up on Kansas article reviews too.  I'll get back to you by this weekend or sooner, so we can move this along.  •  Sbmeirow  •  Talk  • 07:54, 23 November 2016 (UTC)

 * I am not-idle also, and WP:NODEADLINE. :) Jeh (talk) 12:12, 23 November 2016 (UTC)

 * Concerning my sign, if you looked closer, there was a reason why I included the word "signed" in this situation. My sign has bullets in it and the last line of my comment started with a bullet, thus I did something to prevent them from visually blending together.  •  Sbmeirow  •  Talk  • 07:26, 3 December 2016 (UTC)

 * I converted the top of the table to "BIT" but I included "BAUD" in parens in the left column, since the term "baud" is so widely used across the UART industry. •  Sbmeirow  •  Talk  • 07:32, 3 December 2016 (UTC)

 * Whether right or wrong, the term "BAUD" is so widely used across the UART and Microcontroller industry, that it would be disservice to remove it entirely from a UART article. Across many technical sciences, the use of some terms have changed over time.  If you compare 100 to 150 year old books to recent books in chemistry and physics you will notice numerous terms have changed.  Even in electronics, "condenser" was replaced by "capacitor" in the early part of the last century.  In the UART world, the term "BAUD" is firmly entrenched in 2016, thus is why it should not be completely removed from this article.  •  Sbmeirow  •  Talk  • 07:50, 3 December 2016 (UTC)

UART models section
What is the purpose of the UART models section? I am sure there are thousands of different chips which support UART and which are not shown there. I think that section should be deleted entirely. --IngenieroLoco (talk) 11:15, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

 * I think that a few famous/significant historical units should be represented, plus a couple of the chips commonly (well, "commonly" until serial ports went away) used in PCs (e.g. 8250 and 16550), at least. And some indication of the difference between those (which are addressable devices that can sit on a bus) and the old chips should be included. On the other hand, I agree that Wikipedia should not be a parts list. Jeh (talk) 11:32, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

When did microcontrollers absorb the UART?
I flagged "UARTs are now commonly included in microcontrollers", the article is 16 years old! It would be nice to cite a reference. The History section stops short of covering this advance. -- Skierpage (talk) 23:13, 18 April 2018 (UTC)

I don't know exactly when, but intel 8051 included UART-like serial interface at 1980. 2400:4051:4CE0:C400:922B:34FF:FED6:A16D (talk) 09:17, 6 August 2021 (UTC)

USART
Note that the 8251 is actually a USART, which can run in either asynchronous or synchronous mode. I believe some of the others listed along with it are also USART or similar. Gah4 (talk) 01:46, 13 April 2023 (UTC)

Protocol vs. Device
I work with electrical engineers (I'm not one myself) and they often remind me that "UART" is a data link protocol, not a device. This is also emphasized in other sources. As one example, the UART protocol can be used with an LVDS transmitter / receiver, and it can also be used over an acoustic modem, as anyone who has configured a modem for start, stop, parity and data bits might know. I don't think an acoustic modem operating over the PSTN would qualify as a "UART device", at least not as used in this article. Should this article emphasize that UART is a protocol, rather than take it as granted that it is a device? --Alan.A.Mick 15:25, 22 May 2024 (UTC)

 * It could also be argued that the word "UART" in some contexts refers to the device and in other contexts refers to the protocol. For instance, if one says "transfer the data over UART" then that word "UART" refers to the protocol, while if someone says "transfer the data over the UART" then that word "UART" would refer to a device or module implementing the protocol.
 * As far as this article is concerned, I might suggest changing the section named "Transmitting and receiving serial data" to just be "UART protocol". Em3rgent0rdr (talk) 16:23, 22 May 2024 (UTC)

 * UART is hardware device, or a peripheral inside a micrcontroller, or emulated by software; but in the context of protocols it only means the protocol uses some type of UART to transmit & receive asynchronous data. • Sbmeirow  •  Talk  • 13:15, 23 May 2024 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/D.J. O'Connor

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 01:52, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

D.J. O'Connor
Self-promotion or hoax (unverifiable), I couldn't find anyting on political activist D. J. O'Connonr from Ohio --nixie 05:58, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. Dave the Red (talk) 06:39, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 08:32, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. Sjakkalle 11:49, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * keep it and categorize it to vanity. Agasides 11:51, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) (Stroke by Agatharhides)
 * User has about 30 edits, and self-proclaimed sock of controversial User:Iasson.
 * Do you think so? If it was really Iasson who did this, I think he is doing it because he hate us and he wants to abuse our public account. Maybe he wants to take revenge, because he was judged by ArbCom as responsible for the creation of our beloved Acestorides-Faethon public accounts case and he was banned for 3 months due to this. Anyway, we, the Acestorides public account series, we are not going to tolerate Iasson's vandalisms in Vfd. We are commited to reverse any Iasson's stupid peculiar vote that is casted through our beloved ancien greeks series public account. Agatharcides 21:02, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I am sorry Agatharcides-grammarian, but currently you are NOT a legitimate descedant of the ancien greek series! Currently, the correct descendant account from the series is myself, the well known Agathar-ch-ides the historian and NOT yourself, the pathetic Agathar-c-ides-grammarian!!! Who are you trying to fool? Agatharchides 21:22, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, goodie, Iasson's talking to himself again. --Calton | Talk 11:10, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * How many times I have to tell you? We are not Iasson. We are Faethon. Iasson may use our public account once in a while, but we are trying to get rid of him. We are constantly deleting whatever he is saying, and especially his stupid peculiar votes. Agatharchus 16:21, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as vanity. Radiant_* 12:32, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete uber-vanity. Oliver Keenan 19:16, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. --Briangotts 18:39, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Makrifat

This article is incomprehensible. RickK 05:59, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)

Try reading it in a thick subcontinent accent, it becomes somewhat clearer! I don't actually thing Makrifat is an actual word, certainly does not exist in the Hans Wehr Dictionary, perhaps the author meant Ma'rifah, meaning knowledge? --Baba farouq (talk) 00:29, 2 November 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Makrifat


text:
Talk:Biological neural networks

I made some changes (hopefully you will see them as improvements) in the first few paragraphs. I think this is a good start! --Smithfarm 11:26, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I saw it, thanks a lot! Ben (talk) 11:32, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

An idea how to rename the section "earlier models", or maybe a more general idea about how to structure the article? Ben (talk) 11:45, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

Another naming issue
Why the use the plural Biological neural networks instead of Biological neural network? Besides being consistent with Artificial neural network, the latter seems to better follow the naming conventions. Wmahan. 03:15, 2005 Apr 13 (UTC)

 * right, my mistake. I'll rename it. Ben (talk) 06:01, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)

done Ben (talk) 06:01, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks. Nice work starting the article, by the way. Wmahan. 15:19, 2005 Apr 13 (UTC)

 * hey, that was nice! Ben (talk) contributions 03:22, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Biological neural networks


text:
Curley v. NAMBLA

Curley v. NAMBLA was a wrongful death lawsuit filed in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts in 2000, by Barbara and Robert Curley against the North American Man/Boy Love Association (NAMBLA), saying the organization had incited the men who kidnapped and murdered their young son. They sought $200 million in damages.

The American Civil Liberties Union of Massachusetts (ACLU-M) represented NAMBLA because of the issue of censorship of unpopular speech about sexuality. It succeeded on getting the suit dismissed, based on the specific legal issue that NAMBLA is organized as an association, not a corporation. The Curleys continued their suit against individual members of NAMBLA and its steering committee members. They finally dropped the lawsuit in 2008 because the court ruled that their only witness to incitement was not competent to testify. Soon after his son's murder, Curley had campaigned for the state to pass a bill to re-establish use of the death penalty, but he changed his position and in 2007 opposed it.

Background
In 1997, Barbara and Robert Curley's 10-year-old son Jeffrey was kidnapped, raped and murdered by two men, Salvatore Sicari, 21, and Charlie Jaynes, 22. Jeffrey was a latchkey child and knew Sicari from the neighborhood, as he lived only a block away. The two men befriended Jeffrey, taking him on car rides to diners. They offered to replace his recently stolen bicycle with a new one in exchange for sex. When Jeffrey refused, Jaynes killed him in the car's backseat. Sicari confessed to his part in the murder but insisted that Jaynes committed the murder. NAMBLA literature and a membership card was found in the backseat of the car and in Jaynes' apartment. Sicari was convicted of first-degree murder and Jaynes was convicted of second-degree murder and kidnapping.

Following his son's murder, Robert Curley campaigned for Massachusetts to reinstate the death penalty, which had been ruled unconstitutional in 1975. A bill to do so failed on a tie vote in the Massachusetts House of Representatives shortly after his son's murder. He later changed his position and in 2007 opposed death penalty legislation.

Lawsuit
The Curleys filed a civil suit against NAMBLA in 2000, seeking $200 million in damages. It charged that NAMBLA's "adult-child sexual relationship propaganda", including Jaynes' viewing of the group's website, caused his violent predatory behavior and urge to have sex with and rape young male children.

The suit was based on the fact that the convicted murderer had NAMBLA materials and had been found to have visited the group's website. The ACLU said that the suit against NAMBLA highlighted censorship of unpopular speech about sexuality. According to Wendy Kaminer, a longtime ACLU executive, the case was based on "widespread biases about a supposed link between homosexuality and pedophilia"; in fact, studies have shown that children are more likely to be preyed upon by heterosexuals in their extended families.

Proving the incitement is difficult given the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution standards that govern words in any medium. At the time the Internet was much less popular, so the point rested on the court's viewing the Internet as such a different media as to warrant a different legal standard. Despite the lawsuit's claims, the NAMBLA website displayed no erotica, nor conspiracies to rape or incitements to violence.

In Brandenburg v. Ohio,, the US Supreme Court held that government cannot punish inflammatory speech unless it is directed to inciting and likely to incite imminent lawless action. In September 2001, the court declined the defense's request for summary judgment, because Brandenburg "does not foreclose liability 'on any set of facts that might be shown'" as to incitement just by NAMBLA's publications, meetings and website. But the court dismissed the suit based on the specific legal issue that NAMBLA is organized as an association, not a corporation.

The Curleys continued the suit as a wrongful death action against individual NAMBLA members and NAMBLA Steering Committee members.

The Curleys dropped the lawsuit in 2008. They had only one witness prepared to testify that NAMBLA somehow incited one of the convicted criminals in the murder of their son, and the judge ruled the witness was not competent to testify. Robert Curley said, "That was the only link we were counting on ... When they ruled that out, that was the end of the line."

Effects
NAMBLA had been the subject of several law enforcement sting operations and raids. It had also been accused of links in several high-profile child abduction cases, such as the 1979 Etan Patz case in New York City. The initial suspect was known to be attracted to young boys, but was eventually determined not to be Patz's murderer. In February 2017, Pedro Hernandez, a clerk in a local bodega in 1979, was convicted of the kidnapping and murder of Patz, based on confessions to police. He is said to have a low IQ and mental health issues.

NAMBLA denied any connections to crimes, but their public image was already permanently damaged. The gay community has illegitimately been associated with NAMBLA and has since campaigned to make clear that they do not have any ties to the organization.

title: Curley v. NAMBLA