text:
The Farfarers

The Farfarers: Before the Norse is a non-fiction book by Farley Mowat, setting out a theory about pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact. Mowat's thesis is that before the Vikings, North America was discovered and settled by Europeans  from Orkney. They reached Canada after a generation-spanning migration that used Iceland and Greenland as 'stepping stones'. Mowat's ideas are controversial and have been accused of being over-speculative. The book has been published in the UK as The Alban Quest.

The 'Albans'
Mowat's premise is that Iceland, Greenland and North America were visited and settled before the Vikings by Europeans from the northern British Isles. Mowat refers to these people as Albans, after the ancestral name for the British Isles, and maintains that the Albans were descendants of the original Neolithic peoples of Britain displaced by the Celts. He argues that these peoples were pushed to the fringes of north-western Europe, in Northern Scotland, Orkney and Shetland by Armorican refugees fleeing the Romans. The latter constructed brochs along the coasts of Scotland and became known as the Picts.

Mowat believes that the Albans were hunters of walrus ivory. Demand for this valuable material led the Albans to discover Iceland or Thule centuries before the Vikings (as described by the Greek explorer Pytheas in 330 BC). The Albans used sophisticated long-distance boats with hulls made of hide.

Iceland
Mowat believes that settlement of Iceland began early in the first millennium AD. After the end of Roman rule in Britain, unrest and military threats to Alba from the Scoti in the west and the Vikings in the north resulted in widespread settlement of Iceland by fleeing Albans during the 5th to 7th centuries.

In search of new sources of ivory, Alban hunters explored the coasts of Greenland, Baffin Island,  Ungava Bay,  and Labrador  before discovering Newfoundland. Mowat believes that the hunters would create camp sites for overwintering by placing their boats on top of stone foundations, like the one on Pamiok Island. Mowat believes that the Albans encountered the Tunit in the Canadian Arctic, and that some Albans eventually lived and intermarried with the Tunit.

Mowat believes that Viking interest in Iceland was prompted by the wealth of ivory and other materials such as furs reaching Europe on Alban ships from Iceland. In support of this, he cites the Viking Sagas, which state that the Viking discoverers of Iceland found it to be already inhabited by a people the Vikings called the Papar. On first arrival in Iceland, Viking explorers like Naddodd, Hrafna-Flóki Vilgerðarson,  Garðar Svavarsson  and Ingólfr Arnarson  took refuge in some of the most inhospitable places, as if the land was inhabited by a hostile population. The start of Viking occupation of Iceland in the 870s prompted a second Alban migration to the fjords of southwestern Greenland and to central Labrador.

Newfoundland
Mowat believes that the Albans discovered Newfoundland in the early 900s. With both suitable land for crofting and a large walrus population, this would have drawn Alban settlers, hunters and European traders southwards from southwestern Greenland and central Labrador. The resulting decline in these areas meant that when Vikings first started appearing off the Greenland coast at the end of the tenth century, it prompted a rapid and third large scale move of Albans, this time to Newfoundland.

Mowat believes that the Albans settled mostly in southwest Newfoundland, along the coastline between Channel-Port aux Basques and Port au Port. Word of the wealth of this area reached the Vikings via traders, and became known to the Vikings as Hvítramannaland or Albania. Mowat believes that the voyages of Leif Erikson and Thorfinn Karlsefni were in part attempts to raid Hvítramannaland which failed either due to being unable to find it, or due to hostile encounters with local natives that the Vikings called Skrælings.

Mowat suggests that the Albans continued to live in southwestern Newfoundland for several centuries, keeping a tenuous link to Europe through trade and clerical visits through the early Middle Ages. This link broke in the 14th century, and the Albans were isolated until the voyages of John Cabot and the start of European fishing around Newfoundland. Predations by European pirates forced the Albans inland, possibly as far as King George IV Lake. Although he considers it likely that their ethnic distinctiveness disappeared in intermarriage, Mowat suggests that a group of relatively dark-skinned Newfoundlanders known as the Jackatars (whose ethnic origins are unknown, but are most often thought of as a mix of Mi'kmaq and Acadian peoples), might conceivably be the last surviving descendants of the Albans.

Reactions
Canadian Geographic published excerpts of the book in their Sept/Oct 1998 issue. The editors described the book as "a highly speculative blend of history and archeology. In it, Mowat again draws upon Norse sagas, the chronicles of Irish monks, accounts of Roman travellers, as well as the works of modern historians and archeologists. It is both detailed and, as with all early history, sketchy. The written record for much of the period covered is scant and the archeological record spotty. Still, such speculative writing can suggest avenues of exploration and study for future researchers. No professional archeologists are known to share Mowat’s theories but that does not disturb him. A literary gadfly for much of his long career, Mowat is happy to stir up debate and challenge academics to match the visions that he champions and defends with such vigour and relish."

Richard Ellis of The New York Times stated that "The Farfarers is worth reading, if for no other reason than to experience a provocative, alternative version of history, written by a master storyteller. "

Stuart C. Brown of the Department of Anthropology, Memorial University stated that "As any competent archaeologist will tell you, in prehistory few things are impossible -- so Mowat's hypothesis cannot be simply dismissed out of hand. There is a small problem though, which must be overcome before an hypothesis can be at least provisionally accepted: the presentation of reasonably compelling evidence." Brown goes on to point out that there is no evidence at the Pamiok site that anyone other that Tunit used it. He concludes by saying "Can I recommend The Farfarers? Most certainly! I have always enjoyed Farley Mowat's writing and his abiding fascination with Canada and its past. To this tale he brings the full powers of his imagination but, while it is entertaining as fiction, it is far from convincing as fact."

title: The Farfarers


text:
Talk:V (Live album)

I don't think the bit at the beginning should be there. I says that the album mixes styles such as hip hop, and gives an example of this as a remix of one of the tracks. Its fairly obvious that a remix isnt going to be the same style as the other tracks, so ive changed it and put it further down the page

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:V (Live album)


text:
Talk:Secret Samadhi

Fair use rationale for Image:Live-Secret Samadhi (album cover).jpg
Image:Live-Secret Samadhi (album cover).jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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B-Sides and Outtakes?
Any source for these? I just checked the tracklistings for the singles from this album and don't see any of the three b-sides listed on any of the singles? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 38.69.8.152 (talk) 22:13, 19 January 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Secret Samadhi


text:
Talk:Mental Jewelry

Fair use rationale for Image:Live-Mental Jewelry (album cover).jpg
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title: Talk:Mental Jewelry


text: User talk:67.124.248.85

title: User talk:67.124.248.85


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Charles de Gaulle/archive1

Charles de Gaulle
Long, detailed, lots of pictures, excellent writing. It fits the criteria. User:Luigi30 (Υσηρ ταλκ ΛυηγηΛ) 00:49, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Object Please do not submit article without references, especially if they are about potentially controversial topics or public personalities. I will provide a more extensive review later. Phils 05:51, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Some works has to be done on governements : some ministers are referred as "Minister of State". A French governement is made of "Ministres d'Etat" (Minister of State), "Ministres" (Minister) and "Secrétaires d'Etat" (Secretary of State). The title of "Sous-Secrétaire d'Etat" (Sub-Secretary of State) has also been used (that's not very common but de Gaulle himself was one case). A "Ministre d'Etat" is in charge of something (for instance Justice) and will be referred as "Ministre d'Etat, Ministre de la Justice"). I noticed the same problem in several articles about French governements. Ericd 11:03, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. Agree with Phils. Please read the criteria before nominating. Also the lists at the end should probably be moved into sub articles. - Taxman 16:52, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Object Though comprehensive, its got too many headings and too much text which may be moved to dedicated articles. I also am not sure if adding years in the headings is the right way to do so. == 18:31, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Too many headings ? Well 19, 14 for Richard Nixon, 10 for Bill Clinton and 19 for Winston Churchill. Ericd 13:38, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Nixon's headings are good. Clinton's and Churchill's are overwhelming. Ignore the bibliography, external links and references. == 19:23, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Except that dates were used in the article about de Gaulle, a choice than can be disputed, it has more or less the same chronological structure than Nixon. Ericd 21:07, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. The majority of the images have no source nor copyright status information. -- Infrogmation 08:33, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - I have added more links to other Wikipedias with the aid of this excellent tool. See my comments on Dorset, above. --194.73.130.132 14:27, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Overhaul of article on CdG
Apologies if this is not the appropriate place to inquire ... if not, could someone pse advise? Since October, when the comment, “Nag banner about lack of citations”, was posted on its discussion page, the article on CdG has undergone an overhaul. There are now 102 footnote references where there had previously been only 16.

Work is on-going, but can the banner about a lack of citations now be withdrawn? How does one go about making such a request? Where do we go from here?

Thank you ... Mikeo1938 (talk) 21:54, 18 January 2009 (UTC)


text:
Talk:When Dream and Day Unite

Image copyright problem with File:Dream 1989.jpg
The image File:Dream 1989.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

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title: Talk:When Dream and Day Unite


text:
Talk:Awake (Dream Theater album)

A Mind Beside Itself
"Each song is a separate index on the CD, and Dream Theater treat them as individual songs at, for example, live concerts. They were, however, played together (back to back) and released on the live album Live Scenes from New York and are listed under the title A Mind Beside Itself parts i, ii and iii on the DVD discography." This line makes it seem like this was the only time they played it entirely. According to the Mike Portnoy.com Tourography, all 3 tracks have been played together 117 times. --- Leeferdude 02:17, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

I think something should be mentioned of the Space Dye Vest theme being repeated at different points in the album.- User:Random Dream Theater Fan

Fair use rationale for Image:Dream Theater - Awake.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:Dream theater awake.jpg
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Platinum In Japan
According to a few sources, such as this video, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-6oUvqCAgM, Awake went Platinum in Japan (250,000+ copies sold). That seems like it would be worth noting in the article. 142.177.84.181 (talk) 15:39, 23 July 2011 (UTC)

Space dye vest
there are bootlegs of space dye vest on youtube where johan rudess plays the song.but the article quotes portnoy saying that the song would never be played live without kevin moore. I think the statement by Portnoy should be checked and a clearer position be adopted in this regard.Metallicmania (talk) 19:10, 4 October 2011 (UTC)

Who the hell cares if there isn't a title track?
Jeez, I think it's obvious. Why the need for the article to say so? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.166.7.121 (talk) 00:23, 25 January 2015 (UTC)

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Awake a grunge??? album
That is nonsense, especially since it is described as a prog metal album above  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Allopislozano (talk • contribs) 15:11, 29 September 2020 (UTC)
 * ...and where exactly does the article say it's a grunge album? Victor Lopes  Fala! • C 17:24, 30 September 2020 (UTC)

true... misread :P — Preceding unsigned comment added by Allopislozano (talk • contribs) 18:25, 30 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Awake (Dream Theater album)


text:
Talk:Hal Colebatch

Unique
"He is unique in Australian letters in having written a biography of his father". I find this difficult to believe. Does the reference actually make this claim? Hack (talk) 01:48, 12 July 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hal Colebatch


text:
Abu Sahl al-Quhi

Abū Sahl Wayjan ibn Rustam al-Kūhī (al-Qūhī; Abusahl Bijan-e Koohi) was a Persian  mathematician, physicist and astronomer. He was from Kuh (or Quh), an area in Tabaristan, Amol, and flourished in Baghdad in the 10th century. He is considered one of the greatest geometers, with many mathematical and astronomical writings ascribed to him.

Al-Qūhī was the leader of the astronomers working in 988 AD at the observatory built by the Buwayhid amir Sharaf al-Dawla in Badhdad. He wrote a treatise on the astrolabe in which he solves a number of difficult geometric problems.

In mathematics he devoted his attention to those Archimedean and Apollonian problems leading to equations higher than the second degree. He solved some of them and discussed the conditions of solvability. For example, he was able to solve the problem of inscribing an equilateral pentagon into a square, resulting in a fourth degree equation. He also wrote a treatise on the "perfect compass", a compass with one leg of variable length that allows users to draw any conic section: straight lines, circles, ellipses, parabolas and hyperbolas. It is likely that al-Qūhī invented the device.

Like Aristotle, al-Qūhī proposed that the weight of bodies varies with their distance from the center of the Earth.

The correspondence between al-Qūhī and Abu Ishaq al-Sabi, a high civil servant interested in mathematics, has been preserved.

title: Abu Sahl al-Quhi


text:
Talk:Falling into Infinity

Songs from the FII Sessions/Cleaning Out The Closet
Is there room in the article to add information about the 5 songs that were recorded but cut from the album, which were later released on the Fanclub CD Cleaning Out The Closet?MarkyMarc413 (talk) 20:38, 4 June 2009 (UTC)

Capital letters
Suggested move to Falling Into Infinity? // Gargaj 15:51, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree with the move to making it Falling Into Infinity. The packaging itself shows the title as being "Falling Into Infinity" with "Into" rather than "into". Unlike their other albums, where the title fonts are all capital letters, FII's album title has lower case letters in it, so it is definitely "Falling Into Infinity".MarkyMarc413 (talk) 20:04, 15 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Additionally, the "into" lower-case spelling in the article has to be fixed—I can do that now. Should the page be moved? Mechanic1c (talk) 16:40, 31 May 2015 (UTC)

Reception
Shouldn't we include a section on the reception? Specifically, how fan's bill this as Dream Theater's "worst"/"mainstream" album? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.23.145.65 (talk) 00:09, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Only if you can find a reputable source/publication that says this. There's no room on this page for POV criticism. Docta247 06:39, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

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 * Someone needs to stop these stupid bots who delete images for which fair use is obvious, such as album covers. Fbergo (talk) 05:55, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

Move?
Not moved. 199.125.109.88 (talk) 15:02, 7 July 2009 (UTC)

Falling into Infinity →  — Page was moved a few years ago due to "naming conventions", however, "Into" is capitalized on the album's cover I believe that is grounds for moving the article. Also see the uncontested discussion on the talk page. Thank you. -  black ngold29  02:40, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

Can somebody explain why it is the policy of WP to simply ignore the album cover, the band's official website, Allmusic.com, and the band's official bootleg's site, the drummer's official site, the guitar player's official site, and the vocalist's official site; all of which are reliable sources? I can understand that the policy probably exists because sometimes the capitolization of albums may be different in different places, but I think it's evident that that isn't the case here. Thanks.  black ngold29  15:09, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Oppose Please see WP:ALBUMCAPS; "into" is a preposition and should not be capatalised. We're not ignoring the official usage, but Wikipedia has its own style guides regarding names - I strongly recommend you read WP:OFFICIAL. YeshuaD avid   •  Talk  • 21:22, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Oppose. As I stated when contesting the initial "uncontroversial" move request, WP:ALBUMCAPS clearly states that prepositions (such as "into") should not be capitalized. --DAJF (talk) 00:58, 1 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Oppose. Apart from whether the reason to move is valid, the reason is insignificant. --Una Smith (talk) 03:48, 1 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Oppose per above. To answer your question: capitalization is a style issue, and consistency in style issues is preferred to case-by-case decisions. Some use ALL CAPS, some prefer to Capitalize Every Word, and some, like Wikipedia, leave words like prepositions and conjunctions systematically uncapitalized. Case-by-case decisions would be problematic: often, reliable sources are inconsistent in their capitalization (everyone conforms to their own style guides, which may differ from one another). I've even seen albums that had one capitalization in the back cover and another in the booklet. To avoid these problems, Wikipedia has rules on how to capitalize titles, and they take precedence to even the artist's preference. This is akin to the trademark guideline, which supports using standard English formatting and capitalization rules even if the trademark owner prefers something else. So we write Adidas instead of adidas and Time instead of TIME. Jafeluv (talk) 08:25, 5 July 2009 (UTC)

 * If Wikipedia's preferred style takes precedence over the official capitalisation, what about articles like eBay, DragonForce and Crytek (and I'm sure there are many more)? Offski (talk) 17:02, 5 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Those (CamelCase and one uncapitalized letter followed by a capitalized word) are explained in the guideline as exceptions. I personally would have no problem with Dragonforce, but Ebay or Iphone would look odd. (Btw, Crytek redirects to Crytek. that doesn't mean your point is invalid, of course. There are a lot of examples in CamelCase.) Jafeluv (talk) 17:15, 5 July 2009 (UTC)

What else can be done?
I just finished a major re-haul of the article. Is there anything else that needs to be added to it? Maybe some tour information...--Ktmartell (talk) 17:30, 23 July 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Falling into Infinity


text:
Talk:Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence

With the exception of Overture and Losing Time?
Who was the idiot/ignorant who wrote in the article "Each portion (track) is intended to represent a different mental illness, with the exception of Overture and Losing Time"? Overture is the introduction or presentataion to ALL the mental illnesses that follow. Losing Time is obviously a mental illness (amnesia) just as the other ones. Or maybe the person who said it is not is so amnesic that forgot amnesia is a mental illness.

I'll erase that senseless entry from the article.

F15x28 04:34, 19 May 2006 (UTC) -Agree. (But in Losing Time, the person with the illness is suffering from Multiple Personality Disorder.) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.74.219.145 (talk) 20:16, 13 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Agree. (But there's no need to be so harsh) The Illusional Ministry 17:56, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

untiteled
is disc 2 one track consisting of a song with 8 movements. or 8 tracks each of which are a movement to the one song —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.64.223.203 (talk • contribs)
 * The latter. It was orignially (I believe) meant to be one song and one track, but Mike Portnoy said somewhere that they decided to split the song into 8 tracks just so people wouldn't have to fast forward and rewind endlessly to find their favorite part of the song. -- Loudsox 18:55, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

The Great Debate?
I think something should be said about this track, since it details the controversy of stem cell research. Is that not worth mentioning?

 * More than that. Dream Theater, like inspiration Rush (band), seem to take a slightly-leaning-right centrist (but maybe not completely objectivist) stance on the issues they write about.  This may not be clearly evident in their "issue" songs (The Great Debate, In The Name of God, Sacrificed Sons) but it seems to me that their politics may only be an issue because they are not following in the footsteps of mainstream rock opinion (Green Day, the Rolling Stones' "My Sweet Neocon," Radiohead's "Hail to the Theif" and most of Muse's new album).

 * I don't know if it's worth it to talk about the politics of Dream Theater on the main article, because when you come down to it, the only side they've shown is that they're not militantly Anti-Bush. It would be interesting to see only in that it follows that DT doesn't subscribe to trends in their music, but only if the majority of interested Wikipedians could agree that a heavy anti-Bush sentiment is currently a trend in popular music. Matzoball1982 18:37, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

Yes, politics on this article are not worth it. You have to keep in mind that John Petrucci and John Myung are both very religious. The others may be as well. Religious people generally tend to be against stem-cell research and abortion. And, not surprisingly, Petrucci recieves credit for the lyrics of that song. So "The Great Debate" may not necessarily reflect all of the band's political viewpoints............65.100.179.145 03:53, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

the first time i heard it, i thought "the great debate" was anti-stem cell research, haha. --Progjunky 08:01, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

they claim (going to try and find a source) that the point of the song is that it presents both sides of the argument, and I think that it does that quite well. For almost every argument there is presented a counter-argument. Incidentally, note that LaBrie is ChristianDTFAQ site, and Portnoy is (nominally) Jewish. So the background is there. They do come from NY though... Matsuya 20:40, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I think that they try to present both sides and that the song is less biased than the authors. But still there's a number of points where their opinion shows up, even if they do not draw any conclusion; saying "certain scientific circles" instead of "scientists" or "the majority of scientists" sounds disparaging to my Italian ear (I do know that there's still a lot of debate and I might be wrong, so my expressions might be less correct).
 * The twelve steps of Alcoholics Anonymous do not make sense without a religion, so one can guess that Mike Portnoy is religious, and this seems to complete the picture (exception made for Jordan Rudess). And the lyrics of The Great Debate seem biased. "Are you justified in taking life to save life?" already assumes that that of an embryo is a (implicitly human) life (they don't say human, but the question doesn't make a lot of sense unless you claim this). I'm not discussing the point here obviously, but that _is_ an opinion not shared by everybody (I'm not taking any position _here_, but I am one of those claiming that there's a big difference between the life of an embryo and the one of a foetus). And to me, the answer to this question lies between "almost never" and "never", and it's a much less controversial question than "is an embryo a human being?".
 * If the question is meant to express one of the points of view, then I misunderstood it a bit, but since it's in the refrain that's biased. For the "other refrain", "turn to the light, don't be frightened of the shadows it creates", I'm unsure about the side this comes on - it says "ok, there are problems (shadows), but please, just don't care!". Again, nowhere they say "that's not yet human life". --Blaisorblade (talk) 17:22, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Dream Theater - Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence.jpg
Image:Dream Theater - Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot 19:46, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

The Glass Prison is one song
Regarding this bit in the introduction; "The number of songs on the record is another "nugget" by Mike Portnoy. The album officially has the smallest number of songs on any Dream Theater album, but if the parts of "The Glass Prison" and "SDOIT" are counted as separate songs, it has 15 songs, the largest number on a Dream Theater album."

An argument can be made for the title track counting as different songs, since it's split into 8 tracks on the album, but The Glass Prison is clearly one song. Yes, there are labeled sections, but musically, it's very clearly one song, and I don't know anyone who considers it more than one, while many people consider "Six Degrees" to be 8 songs. 142.68.89.100 (talk) 04:32, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

Influences
I've removed two unsources influences on the album, i.e. Radiohead's The Bends and Megadeth's Rust in Peace. For the first, Mike Portnoy says they were inspired by the subsequent Radiohead's album, i.e. OK Computer. I'd take MP's word on this, unless another source contradicting him is shown.

For the second influence, one song is actually mentioned in another entry of the FAQ (link added), but I narrowed the reference to mention only that song; now, it's obviously possible that DT listened to the whole album and not only to that song, but claiming the whole album was an influence is another thing. I checked other influences and they're all backed by that source. --Blaisorblade (talk) 16:52, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

Similarity between The great debate and Tool
This change removed this sentence, which sounds really reasonable to me (I thought the same before reading, even if I didn't restrict the similarity down to a specific song):
 * Some parts of this song sound extremely similar to the central melody of the song "Forty-Six & 2" by the band Tool, specifically the part where the refrain of "life to save life" is sung by LaBrie.

See for a fan saying this. Beyond that, the album Ænima album, containing that song, is explicitly acknowledged as an inspiration. Is it possible to find some way to add this to the article? --Blaisorblade (talk) 19:03, 6 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Another source:, though less detailed. --Blaisorblade (talk) 19:17, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

Layout change
I made a substantial edit last night and just put a message here for feedback/complaints in case people wanted to discuss/challenge things. --Preposterone 10th June 2009 —Preceding undated comment added 13:02, 10 June 2009 (UTC).

Steven Schwartzberg
The information that the work was based on Steven S. Schwartzberg's Casebook of Psychological Disorders is currently unverifiable. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 118.143.20.164 (talk) 10:59, 21 February 2011 (UTC)

Progressive metal
Any reliable sources for this? Much like Scenes from a Memory, it seems criminal to leave out what should be the pre-eminent genre, which can be deduced by anyone with a brain. Mac Dreamstate (talk) 19:10, 27 May 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence


text:
Time point

In music a time point or timepoint (point in time) is "an instant, analogous to a geometrical point in space". Because it has no duration, it literally cannot be heard, but it may be used to represent "the point of initiation of a single pitch, the repetition of a pitch, or a pitch simultaneity", therefore the beginning of a sound, rather than its duration. It may also designate the release of a note or the point within a note at which something changes (such as dynamic level). Other terms often used in music theory and analysis are attack point and starting point. Milton Babbitt calls the distance from one time point, attack, or starting point to the next a time-point interval, independent of the durations of the sounding notes which may be either shorter than the time-point interval (resulting in a silence before the next time point), or longer (resulting in overlapping notes). Charles Wuorinen shortens this expression to just time interval. Other writers use the terms attack interval, or (translating the German Einsatzabstand), interval of entry, interval of entrance, or starting interval.

Interonset interval
Half time: the snare moves to beats 3 of measure one and two (beats 3 & 7) while the hi-hat plays only on the quarter notes. Also, the quarter notes 'sound like' eighth notes in one giant measure.

The corresponding term used in acoustics and audio engineering to describe the initiation of a sound is onset, and the interonset interval or IOI is the time between the beginnings or attack points of successive events or notes, the interval between onsets, not including the duration of the events. A variant of this term is interval of onset.

For example, two sixteenth notes separated by dotted eighth rest, would have the same interonset interval as between a quarter note and a sixteenth note:

The concept is often useful for considering rhythms and meters.

Time-point sets

In serial music a time-point set, proposed in 1962 by Milton Babbitt, is a temporal order of pitches in a tone row which indicates the instants at which the notes start. This has certain advantages over a duration scale or row built from multiples of a unit, derived from Olivier Messiaen.

"since duration is a measure of distance between time points, as interval is a measure of distance between pitch points, we begin by interpreting interval as duration. Then, pitch number is interpretable as the point of initiation of a temporal event, that is, as a time-point number."

- Milton Babbitt

For example, a measure may be divided into twelve metrical positions. In this equals sixteenth notes. The start of each position, or time point, may then be labeled, in order, 0–11. Pitches may then be assigned locations within measures according to their pitch set number, now their pitch/time-set number. In Babbitt's first example he shows subsequent numbers which ascend (0–11) as within the same measure (if four follows three it may sound immediately), and subsequent numbers which descend as in the following measure (if three follows four it must necessarily wait for the next appearance of time-point three).

Babbitt uses time points in Partitions (1957), All Set (1957), and Post-Partitions (1966), as well as in Phonemena (1969–70), String Quartets No. 3 (1969–70) and No. 4 (1970), Arie da capo (1974), My Ends Are My Beginnings (1978), and Paraphrases (1979).

Charles Wuorinen has also developed an approach to the time-point system, which differs greatly from Babbitt's.

title: Time point


text: Talk:Live at the Marquee

title: Talk:Live at the Marquee


text: Talk:Once in a LIVEtime

title: Talk:Once in a LIVEtime


text:
Talk:Live Scenes from New York

Who produced the record??
Kevin Shirley states at his official website that he produced this record.

Mike Portnoy?
It is stated that Mike Portnoy yells "Awww shake that thing, mamma". I thought this was a sample from Jordan Ruddess' keyboard? 202.139.89.136 01:18, 1 June 2007 (UTC) Brad Thomas - the-dot-brad-dot-thomas at gmail-dot-com

Hospitalization
It's stated in many places that this was the concert mike passed out at and was nearly hospitalized. That's probably an important detail. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.23.145.65 (talk) 00:29, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

Metropolis Pt 2
It took me a couple reads to figure out where the "complete" live performance of Metropolis pt 2 was on this album, seeing as I don't have Live Scenes. I'm adding in the article where Metropolis pt 2 resides in the tracklist, so no-one else falls victim to this. undefined N  a  N  15:55, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

Original Cover Art Influence
The article says that the flaming apple was inspired by the flaming heart on the Images and Words cover. I'd say, due to appearance and proportions, it was more likely inspired by Live At the Marquee, which has the flaming heart front and center. 142.177.153.205 (talk) 20:50, 6 September 2009 (UTC)

Its the same thing. used in the "Pull Me Under" music video as well. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.115.156.240 (talk) 21:23, 5 December 2009 (UTC)

Shirt?
I have Dream Theater's shirt from their 20th Anniversary tour, with all the album covers on it up to 2006. When it depicts Live In New York, it shows the old album cover with the flaming Twin Towers. Is this noteworthy or am I just blabbering? - Slashe50 03:22, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Live Scenes from New York


text: User talk:66.73.201.106

title: User talk:66.73.201.106


text:
Talk:Live at Budokan (Dream Theater album)

Fair use rationale for Image:Budokan cd.jpg
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If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 13:07, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Budokan dvd.jpg
Image:Budokan dvd.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

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External links modified
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text:
Jocelyn Lane

Jocelyn "Jackie" Lane (born 16 May 1937) is a former actress and model of the 1950s and 1960s. She was married to Prince Alfonso of Hohenlohe-Langenburg.

Early life
Lane was born as Jocelyn Olga Bolton in Vienna, Austria in 1937. She is the youngest daughter of Russian-born pianist mother Olga Mironova and English father Briton John Bolton, who worked for an American oil firm; he later died in a car crash in the US. She was educated in New Rochelle, New York, in the United States. At the age of 14, she moved to Britain, where she received dance training. Her older sister Mara Lane was a well-known British model and actress in the 1950s.

Career
Lane established herself as a popular model in the United Kingdom by the time she was 18, using the pseudonym Jackie Lane. She appeared in several British films beginning in 1955 with a travelogue April in Portugal. One of her most striking film roles in the 1950s was as the second female lead in These Dangerous Years (1957), directed by Herbert Wilcox and starring Frankie Vaughan. As Lane was confused with another actress named Jackie Lane (known for starring in Doctor Who), she began to be credited with her full first name when she moved to Hollywood in 1964. Her resemblance to Brigitte Bardot was widely remarked upon. She was featured in the September 1966 issue of Playboy magazine.

In 1965, she co-starred with Elvis Presley in Tickle Me and later appeared in several roles in Hollywood films, including as "biker chick" Cathy in Hell's Belles in 1969. She also made guest appearances on American television series. She retired in 1971 after marrying Prince Alfonso of Hohenlohe-Langenburg in Marbella, Spain on 3 May 1973.

Personal life
Lane gave birth to Princess Arriana Theresa Maria of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, her only child, in 1975. In 1985, her marriage to Prince Alfonso ended in a divorce, and she received a million-dollar settlement. She claimed that the sum was "not really fitting for a princess".

Lane designs feather necklaces marketed as Princess J Feather Collection in California and London.

title: Jocelyn Lane


text:
Talk:Cray XD1

Random comments
..and one chassis costs around $100000.

 * That's not that horrible, actually. An IBM z990 mainframe starts at around $500,000, and that's an 8 processor version (though the IBM mainframes are built for reliability instead of processing power, and aimed at a different market). - Flooey 08:23, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

Of course sources are needed. And the obvious question: did anyone buy one? How many? And should all be in past tense, not sure when the product came off the market. W Nowicki (talk) 21:34, 19 August 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cray XD1


text: Talk:Montana Territory

title: Talk:Montana Territory


text:
Domicile

Domicile may refer to:

 * Home, a place where someone lives
 * Domicile (astrology), the zodiac sign over which a planet has rulership
 * Domicile (law), the status or attribution of being a permanent resident in a particular jurisdiction

title: Domicile


text:
User:Number9~enwiki

Jah Love Jah Love Protects Me.

title: User:Number9~enwiki


text:
User:Makkuro

During the day I am either a code ninja or a student at a large public university.

At night I am more inclined to art, music, language, religion and philosophy.

I've been tooling around here anonymously for quite a while but I finally got a real identity. I don't know why I didn't do this years ago, but here we are!

Shortcut: contributions

title: User:Makkuro


text: User talk:68.14.148.240

title: User talk:68.14.148.240


text:
Zhang Tingyu

Zhang Tingyu (, October 29, 1672 – May 19, 1755) was a Han Chinese politician and historian who lived in the Qing dynasty.

Biography
Zhang Tingyu was born in Tongcheng in Anhui province. In 1700, he obtained a jinshi position in the imperial examination and shortly afterwards he was appointed to the Hanlin Academy. He subsequently rose through the ranks in the Qing civil service and served under the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors. Zhang Tingyu was especially trusted by the Yongzheng Emperor, who made him one of the first members of the Grand Council, an informal state organ which would, in due course, develop into the emperor's own privy council. His colleagues included renowned figures like Maci.

Zhang was an upstanding civil service officer and highly praised for both his upright character and principled background. Having considerable skill in literature, he compiled the History of Ming in 1739. There is some confusion as to whether he or another trusted officer Longkodo was the principal announcer of the will of Kangxi. Zhang was the only official to survive the battles of succession from Kangxi to Yongzheng to Qianlong, and was trusted by all three emperors. His Manchu rival, Ortai, was an official who served Yongzheng and Qianlong. However, his relationship with the Qianlong Emperor deteriorated during his final years.

In 1749, Zhang requested for retirement, his second request in two years. In his letter, Zhang further requested the Qianlong Emperor to honor the Yongzheng Emperor's wish to allow his plaque to be placed at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. The Qianlong Emperor was displeased, but granted Zhang's request. The next day, Zhang did not visit the emperor to thank him in person, instead sending his son Ruocheng. The Qianlong Emperor was greatly angered by this, and issued an edict to rebuke Zhang. Wang Youdun, one of Zhang's students, sought clemency on Zhang's behalf, and informed Zhang of the emperor's anger. However, Zhang made the mistake of seeking an audience with the emperor even before the edict rebuking him had reached his residence. The Qianlong emperor then knew that Wang had leaked the news of his anger to Zhang. The emperor then relieved Wang of his official post (Wang had been in said position for less than a month), and Zhang of his nobility title. In the second lunar month of 1750, Zhang again requested to return to his hometown. As the emperor's eldest son Yonghuang had just died, the emperor was again incensed. He then sent Zhang a list of past officials who had their plaques enshrined in imperial ancestral temples, and ordered Zhang to reflect on whether he was worthy of the honour. Zhang then requested the emperor to revoke the honor and to punish him; the Qianlong emperor agreed to the revocation, but did not punish Zhang further. In the seventh lunar month of the same year, Zhang Ruocheng's father-in-law Zhu Quan was implicated in a case, which then implicated Zhang Tingyu. The emperor then decided to punish Zhang by revoking all rewards which had been bestowed upon Zhang by himself, his father and grandfather.

Zhang died of illness in 1755, and was granted a plaque at the Imperial Ancestral Temple according to the wishes of the Yongzheng Emperor and the Qianlong Emperor, who had decided to reverse the revocation decision. He was the only Han Chinese official during the Qing dynasty to be bestowed such a posthumous honor.

title: Zhang Tingyu


text:
Al-Sijzi

Abu Sa'id Ahmed ibn Mohammed ibn Abd al-Jalil al-Sijzi (c. 945 - c. 1020, also known as al-Sinjari and al-Sijazi; ; Al-Sijzi is short for "Al-Sijistani") was an Iranian Muslim astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer. He is notable for his correspondence with al-Biruni and for proposing that the Earth rotates around its axis in the 10th century.

He dedicated work to 'Adud al-Daula, who was probably his patron, and to the prince of Balkh. He also worked in Shiraz making astronomical observations from 969 to 970.

Mathematics
Al-Sijzi studied intersections of conic sections and circles. He replaced the old kinematical trisection of an angle by a purely geometric solution (intersection of a circle and an equilateral hyperbola.)

Earth's rotation
Al-Biruni tells us that Al-Sijzi invented an astrolabe, called "al-zūraqī", whose design was based on the idea that the Earth rotates:

"I have seen the astrolabe called Zuraqi invented by Abu Sa'id Sijzi. I liked it very much and praised him a great deal, as it is based on the idea entertained by some to the effect that the motion we see is due to the Earth's movement and not to that of the sky. By my life, it is a problem difficult of solution and refutation. [...] For it is the same whether you take it that the Earth is in motion or the sky. For, in both cases, it does not affect the Astronomical Science. It is just for the physicist to see if it is possible to refute it."

Al-Biruni also referred to Al-Sijzi as a prominent astronomer who defended the theory that the earth rotates in al-Qānūn al-Masʿūdī.

The fact that some people did believe that the earth is moving on its own axis is further confirmed by a reference from the 13th century which states:"'According to the geometers [or engineers] (muhandisīn), the earth is in constant circular motion, and what appears to be the motion of the heavens is actually due to the motion of the earth and not the stars.'"

title: Al-Sijzi


text:
Talk:Pancreatic islets

John Leonora
While hypothalamic signaling and vascular regulation are both very important to Islet function, the relationship between these processes is tangential at best, and not particularly appropriate for an encyclopedia-level description of islet physiology. I respectfully request that the John Leonora reference/link not be added to the page again, unless a more cogent argument for his inclusion can be provided. Thanks. BillyBoy 05:26, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

Necessity of Electical Coupling and Transplantation Sections
What do people think of removing these sections? Most of the information in the transplatation section is already covered in the cell-based therapy section, except for the information about the Pander gene...this seems to be a little far flung into scientific minutiae for the scope of this article. Also I don't see why the patch clamp information is necessary. It could be replaced with a couple of sentences about Ca2+ and K+ signaling in the islets, and how gap junctions are required for islet synchrony. I'd be willing to make the appropriate changes if others feel they are warranted. BillyBoy 05:42, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

I am wondering, would it be okay to say the cells can be transplanted from one patient ot another as an attempt to treat type 1 diabetes [

Not quite yet?
"Diabetes experts caution that the procedure has been performed only once and in a patient whose diabetes was not typical" http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2005-04-18-transplant-diabetes_x.htm

and not without problems
Research has been carried out on transplantation of these cells, and with some success. This is known as the Edmonton protocol since it was pioneered in Canada. However, it seems to require extracts of at least two individuals to harvest enough Islets to make the procedure work, and these are usually from donated organs. The other downside is that the recipient has to take anti-rejection drugs from then on.

The holy grail is to find either a drug that can restimulate the body into making Islets, or use stem cells from the patient to manufacture sufficient Islets for a transplantation which would not have the same rejection issues.

mass of islet of langerhans reduced in type 2 diabetes
I see the article mentions type 1 diabetes, but not type 2? (I don't know if type 1 is even correct)

reference: Butler, A.E. et al. beta-cell deficit and increased beta-cell apoptosis in humans with type 2 diabetes, Diabetes 52, 102-110 (2003)

Redd492 22:00, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

electrical coupling
"...and beta-cells are coupled electrically to beta-cells (but not to other cell-types)." Does this mean that beta-cells are coupled to one another, or is it a mistake meaning beta and alpha cells are coupled (this could make sense given their functions)? It's not completely obvious for me. LaFoiblesse 14:36, 26 May 2007 (GMT)

I don't know entirely about the electrical coupling. I do know that a lot of research has shown that beta-cells are tightly integrated through gap junctions, so that insulin secretion is a concerted response within a given islet to increased glucose concentrations in the blood. BillyBoy 00:56, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

I doubt the quoted statement is completely true. I am currently reading a book called The Endocrine Pancreas by Robert Hazelwood. Albeit published in 1989, it references a paper (Orci, L. 1982. Macro- and micro-domains in the endocrine pancreas. Diabetes. 31:538-565) which purportedly states that gap junctions connecting a- and b-cells and a- and d-cells in rat and humans have been documented. I have not read the paper because I do not have access, but given this reference, I find it highly unlikely that b-cells are not coupled in some manner to a-cells. And depending on the physiology b-cells may be indirectly connected to d-cells. Bjf624 (talk) 20:17, 1 September 2009 (UTC)

Advertisement
The "holy grail" may be just around the corner! Please check out the  - they are beginning human clinicl trials soon and have had fantastic success so far in reversing Type 1 diabetes in test animals. They are using specially bred pigs and the porcine islet transplants do not appear to be rejected by the body, negating the need for immunosupressant drugs for the rest of your life! I urge you to visit their website and learn more, they are on the verge of cure I believe!!! I have no medical background, just a mother with a daughter who takes 4 insulin shots a day.

JamesonJamesonisme (talk) 14:36, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Hi Jamesonisme,
 * These pages really aren't designed for promoting our favorite causes. I've removed the name of the organization and the link because it appears to be primarily a fundraising website.  You might be interested in our policy about external links and WP:what Wikipedia is not.  WhatamIdoing (talk) 23:00, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

New publication
While it is still early work, editors here may wish to read "Disruption of the clock components CLOCK and BMAL1 leads to hypoinsulinaemia and diabetes" in todays Nature. Be sure to check out the supplementary information. LeadSongDog come howl!  19:06, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

Citations and Clinical Significance Section
This article does a great job laying out its contents and discussing the features and functions of pancreatic islets in a concise manner. In addition, throughout most of the article, information is properly cited with functional links. However, the “Clinical Significance” section could use some further revising. The diabetes subsection and the last two paragraphs of the transplantation subsection have no citations, despite containing plenty of information from several outside sources. Furthermore, these subsections feel unbalanced in terms of providing necessary information for the article. The diabetes subsection is underrepresented in this article, and it should be expanded with information from recently published medical reviews and publications. Currently, there is an extensive pool of knowledge about the relationship between nonfunctional pancreatic islets and diabetes (especially type 1 diabetes), but this Wikipedia article hardly covers it. In contrast, the transplantation subsection seems rather long, and some of its content does not seem necessary for this article. For this reason, the transplantation subsection could be written more concisely.

Immcarle38 (talk) 02:11, 29 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Have made transplantation section marginally more concise. Will improve further tomorrow. PriceDL (talk) 02:23, 12 February 2017 (UTC)

Change the phrasing and add it
Hormones produced in the pancreatic islets are secreted directly into the bloodstream by five different types of cells. The alpha cells produce glucagon, and make up 15–20% of total islet cells. The beta cells produce insulin and amylin, and make up 65–80% of the total islet cells. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:2149:825F:3F00:94A8:F473:2075:91C8 (talk) 15:35, 23 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pancreatic islets


text: Category:Newfoundland and Labrador provincial electoral districts


text: Category:Sport in Herefordshire

title: Category:Sport in Herefordshire


text:
Category:Newfoundland and Labrador federal electoral districts

The province of Newfoundland and Labrador currently has 7 electoral districts represented in the House of Commons of Canada. This category is intended only for currently existing ridings.


text:
Fall Creek Falls

Fall Creek Falls is a 256 ft tall sheer-drop waterfall located in Fall Creek Falls State Park near Spencer, Tennessee. It is the tallest waterfall of such kind east of the Mississippi River (within the United States). A short trail leads from the parking lot atop the plateau down to the base of the gorge, giving access to the waterfall's plungepool. When water flow is sufficient, Coon Creek Falls shares a plungepool.

title: Fall Creek Falls


text:
Scott Lowell

Scott Lowell (born February 22, 1965) is an American actor best known for his role as Ted Schmidt on the Showtime drama Queer as Folk.

Biography
Lowell was born on February 22, 1965, and was adopted in Denver, Colorado. His biological parents are Pentacostal and his adoptive parents are Jewish. He grew up outside New Haven, Connecticut. He attended Hopkins School and Connecticut College in New London, Connecticut. He moved to Chicago shortly after college to pursue acting.

title: Scott Lowell


text:
Talk:Battering ram

Sheep?
Is the battering ram named for the ram? Or vice-versa? Or is it a false connection? DS 13:54, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

Yes, because rams charge and knock things over. User:Tea King 8:28, April 22, 2007

I recall seeing a depiction of a battering ram with a ram's head, complete with horns on it, though I am not sure whether the horns were there for added effectiveness of just ornamentation, but perhaps the original "battering rams" had the skull of a ram on it, and the name came out of that. Just my speculation. --Dagonius VI (talk) 06:06, 1 December 2009 (UTC)

 * true 81.97.22.121 (talk) 19:02, 29 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Battering ram


text:
DII

DII may refer to:
 * Days in inventory, an accounting term
 * Dii, the Thracian tribe
 * Dii language
 * DiI, a hydrophobic cyanine dye used in cell biology
 * Dietary Inflammatory Index
 * Delegation of the Ismaili Imamat, the Delegation of the Ismaili Imamat
 * Diablo II, a sequel to the computer game Diablo
 * Division II, a competition level in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)
 * Defence Information Infrastructure, the UK's secure military communications network
 * Dynamic Invocation Interface, part of the CORBA standard
 * 502, DII in Roman numerals

title: DII


text: User talk:67.149.11.136

title: User talk:67.149.11.136


text: User talk:83.70.165.146

title: User talk:83.70.165.146


text:
Criss-cross

Criss Cross and variants thereof may refer to:

Music

 * Criss Cross Jazz, a jazz label
 * Criss-Cross, a 1962 jazz album by Thelonious Monk
 * "Criss Cross", a song by The Rolling Stones from the 2020 deluxe edition of Goats Head Soup

Visual media

 * Criss Cross (musical), a 1926 musical comedy with music by Jerome Kern
 * Criss Cross (film), a 1949 film starring Burt Lancaster
 * CrissCross (film), a 1992 film starring Goldie Hawn
 * Chris Cross (TV series), a 1993 UK television comedy series
 * Criss Cross, a 2001 film sequel to the television series Tropical Heat
 * Crisscross (film), a 2018 Indian Bengali-language film directed by Birsa Dasgupta
 * Crisscross, the shape more correctly known as:
 * Greek cross
 * Crossbuck

Literature

 * Criss Cross (novel), a novel by Lynne Rae Perkins, recipient of the 2006 Newbery Medal
 * CRISSCROSS (novel), a 2004 Repairman Jack novel by F. Paul Wilson

Science, technology, and engineering

 * Level crossings can be colloquially referred to "criss-crosses"
 * Criss-cross algorithm, a basis-exchange pivoting algorithm for linear programming (and more general problems in mathematical optimization)

Other uses

 * Criss-Cross (art cooperative), artist's cooperative that formed in Colorado in the early 1970s
 * Criss Cross (New Kent, Virginia), a registered historic place in New Kent County, Virginia
 * Crisscross applesauce, a style of sitting, also known as Tailor or Indian style, see Sitting
 * Criss-cross squeeze, a squeeze play in bridge

title: Criss-cross


text:
Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/April 22, 2005

Why do you hate blind people Raul??? -- brian0918 ™  01:02, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Without getting into the numerous reasons why I reverted, I'll give you the simplest and most clearcut -- because the image server is already overloaded without us going out of our way to make the situation much worse. →Raul654 01:18, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

We discussed the issue of the image server with dammit, who said it would be "no trouble at all" to link the 15 MB ogg file on the main page. You mentioned "numerous reasons"--can you elaborate? But let's do it quickly, before we miss the opportunity to feature this recording, which is really quite excellent. Demi T/C 07:59, 2005 Apr 20 (UTC)

Okay--how about this: just as the "Today's featured article" template is a short introduction to the featured article, how about we take a short introductory section out of the full recording and link to that on the main page instead? It's analogous to the content people are seeing--they can sample the recording and get the full recording from the main article if they desire. brian0918 has prepared a, which is less than 600 kB in size, and therefore server- and bandwidth-friendly. Demi T/C 08:20, 2005 Apr 20 (UTC)

I've added the link back to the template. To provide a little more background, brian0918 and I verified with dammit that this file is small enough to be cached by the squids, so there will be no additional load on the image servers. Demi T/C 16:53, 2005 Apr 20 (UTC)

Disambig repair needed
Can someone please pipe "American" to United States? Thanks. -- BD2412 talk 14:04, 28 September 2005 (UTC)


text:
Kasugayama Castle

Kasugayama Castle (春日山城) is a Sengoku period yamashiro-style Japanese castle located in the Nakayashiki neighborhood of the city of Jōetsu, Niigata prefecture. It was the primary fortress of the warlord Uesugi Kenshin, and was originally built and ruled by the Nagao clan. It is listed as one of Japan's Top 100 Castles and the ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1935. The castle and its history were mentioned by Takizawa Bakin, and Yamazaki Yoshishige in Tanki manroku. Kasugayama Castle is regarded as among Japan's Five Greatest Mountain Castles, along with Nanao Castle, Odani Castle, Kannonji Castle and Gassantoda Castle. The castle is unofficially called Hachigamine Castle (鉢ヶ峰城).

Background
Kasugayama Castle extended over two ridges on the summit of 180-meter Mount Kasuga. The castle had no stone walls but consisted of many enclosures (kuruwa) with earthen or clay ramparts and dry moats built on terraces at various levels on the mountain. The core of the castle (or inner bailey) was just below the peak, and contained a watch tower, Buddhist temple (and Uesugi Kenshin's residence) and garden. On the south ridge was the fortified residence of Uesugi Kagekatsu, the adopted son of Kenshin, below which was the residence of Kakizaki Kageie, one of Kenshin's most important retainers. On the north ridge was the residence of Naoe Kagetsuna, another important retainer. Immediately below the central area was the residence of Uesugi Kagetora, another adopted son of Kenshin. In addition to these major enclosures were many smaller enclosures for retainers and barracks for soldiers, as well as warehouses. The castle is the centre of a defensive network consisting of many smaller forts in a two to six km, radius.

History
There was an older castle on this site that dates to the 14th century, but there's no certain information about it. The Kasugayama Castle was probably built by Nagao Tamekage, and then was inherited by Nagao Harukage. Uesugi Kenshin, his younger brother who was originally named Nagao Kagetora, became the lord of the castle in 1548. This castle was Uesugi Kenshin's departure point in his engagement with Takeda Shingen in the 1561 Battle of Kawanakajima.

After his death in 1578, Uesugi Kagekatsu gained control of Kasugayama, after a brief series of battles with Uesugi Kagetora over the inheritance. Although Uesugi Kagekatsu was able to reunite the Uesugi clan, his forces were severely weakened by the ongoing struggle against Oda Nobunaga and the Odawara Hōjō clan. The Uesugi eventually submitted to Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and in 1598 the clan was transferred by Hideyoshi to Aizu. Kasugayama Castle was turned over to Hori Hideharu, the son of Hori Hidemasa. Hideharu built a large water moat to surround the jōkamachi of Kasugayama as the local populace was highly upset over the departure of the Uesugi, and in 1600 he relocated his seat to Fukushima Castle near the coast and port of Naoetsu. By 1607, Kasugayama was deserted.

A Shinto shrine, Kasugayama Shrine was founded in 1901 at the base of the mountain. The ruins of the inner bailey are located 180 m.a.s.l., with view at the city of Jōetsu, Kubiki Plain, and the Sea of Japan, approximately 20 minutes on foot from the shrine.

No structures survive within the castle grounds, but one gate has been preserved nearby at the temple of Rinsen-ji Temple, which also has a small museum. Also Jōetsu-shi Maizō Bunkazai Center (Historical museum) is near the castle.

title: Kasugayama Castle


text:
Battle of Cove Mountain

The Battle of Cove Mountain occurred in Wythe County, Virginia, on May 10, 1864, during the American Civil War. A Union cavalry division commanded by Brigadier General William W. Averell was prevented from attacking a lead mine located near Wytheville. Confederate forces commanded by Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan, with a detachment of a brigade of cavalry from the command of Brigadier General William E. "Grumble" Jones, stopped Averell at Cove Gap, adjacent to Crockett's Cove and Cove Mountain.

Averell and a larger force commanded by Brigadier General George Crook were part of a Union plan to damage the Confederate-controlled Virginia and Tennessee Railroad. The railroad was used by the Confederacy to transport soldiers and supplies, and served important lead and salt mines. Averell's assignment was to attack the mines, but he was stopped at the cove while attempting to reach the lead mine. After an escape through the mountains during the night, Averell's cavalry was pursued by multiple Confederate forces for five days until his cavalry reunited with Crook's force in Union, West Virginia.

The National Park Service lists the result of this battle as "indecisive". Confederate accounts call the battle a victory for Morgan. Confederate troops prevented Averell from destroying a salt mine, and a lead mine, that were important to the Confederacy for preserving meat and making bullets. However, because of Confederate concern about Averell's intentions, most of the forces commanded by Jones and Morgan could not assist at the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain where Crook's 6,000-man legion had a significant victory. Crook was able to complete his objective to destroy a large railroad bridge across the New River, and important Confederate railroad infrastructure was damaged.

Background and plan
During March 1864, Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant became commander of all Union armed forces. Grant's strategy in Virginia was to attack the strongest Confederate Army, Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, from multiple fronts. Among targets were the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and the Virginia Central Railroad, which carried food east from the Shenandoah Valley to help feed Lee's army. Troops also moved between battlefronts on both railroads. The Virginia and Tennessee Railroad helped connect the Confederate capital of Richmond with Tennessee, and was used to move minerals such as salt and lead to Knoxville, Tennessee, and to Virginia factories in Lynchburg, Petersburg, and Richmond.

Brigadier General George Crook was assigned the task of attacking the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad. His force was three brigades of infantry and dismounted cavalry, plus two batteries, that totaled 6,155 men. Four hundred more men were added shortly thereafter. Crook sent a smaller force, commanded by Brigadier General William W. Averell, to attack a salt mine further west from Crook. A Union Army commanded by Major General Franz Sigel in the Shenandoah Valley was ordered to move south to Staunton, Virginia, where it could threaten the Virginia Central Railroad—and all three commands would meet at Staunton.

The Battle of Cove Mountain occurred during Averell's movements to accomplish his portion of Grant's plan. Averell's target salt mine was located in Saltville, Virginia. During 1864, this salt mine produced an estimated two thirds of the salt used by the Confederacy. Saltville is located along the border of Washington and Smyth counties in southeastern Virginia, and is served by a spur line from the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad. Moving east on the main line of the railroad, a lead mine was located on the south side of Wytheville, Virginia, not far from the railroad line. The lead mine was the source for much of the lead used by the Confederacy to produce bullets for its army. Further east from Wytheville, along the rail line, was a regional Confederate Army headquarters at the Dublin Depot near Newbern, Virginia. Near the headquarters was a large Virginia and Tennessee Railroad bridge across the New River, which was one of Crook's targets.

Union
Averell departed from a camp near Charleston, West Virginia, in early May with two brigades totaling 2,019 officers and men. His brigade commanders were Brigadier General Alfred N. Duffié and Colonel James M. Schoonmaker. Duffié's brigade consisted of the 2nd West Virginia Cavalry Regiment, the 34th Ohio Mounted Infantry Regiment, and a detachment of the 3rd West Virginia Cavalry Regiment commanded by Major Seymour B. Conger. Colonel William H. Powell was the commander of the 2nd West Virginia, while Major John W. Shaw commanded the 34th Ohio. Schoonmaker's brigade consisted of the 1st West Virginia Cavalry Regiment, commanded by Colonel Henry Capehart; and the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, commanded by Major John M. Daily. This brigade was armed with carbine versions of seven-shot Spencer repeating rifles. Other Union cavalry men were typically armed with Colt's navy revolvers, sabers, and single-shot carbines.

Confederate
The Confederate Army knew that Union forces were on the move as early as May 2, and moved Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan with two brigades to Saltville from East Tennessee. His First Brigade was commanded by Colonel Henry Giltner, and consisted of the 4th Kentucky Cavalry Regiment, the 10th Kentucky Cavalry Regiment, and the 10th Battalion Kentucky Mounted Rifles. The Second Brigade was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Robert A. Alston, and consisted of the 1st and 2nd Kentucky Cavalry battalions, and the 6th and 7th Confederate States Cavalry battalions. A few days later, Morgan used the railroad to send his cavalry men who did not have mounts, totaling about 400, east to the Dublin Depot to assist Brigadier General Albert G. Jenkins against Crook. Morgan focused the remaining portion of his command on Averell. Most of Morgan's men were from Kentucky or Tennessee, but Giltner's brigade was familiar with the area because it had spent two years serving there previously.

Confederate troops that were not part of Morgan's command also fought at Cove Mountain, although there is a lack of clarity for all the participants. A detachment known as Jones' Brigade arrived before Morgan. The brigade was commanded by Colonel George B. Crittenden, and included regiments commanded by Colonel A.F. Cook (8th Virginia Cavalry Regiment) and possibly Colonel Henry Bowen (22nd Virginia Cavalry Regiment). The 16th Virginia Cavalry Regiment, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel William L. Graham, also arrived in Wytheville to assist Morgan. Although some sources credit Brigadier General William E. "Grumble" Jones with being at the battle, two major newspaper accounts do not mention him, and a report by Colonel John McCausland mentions Morgan but not Jones.

Saltville to Wytheville
Averell's men departed from near the Logan County, West Virginia, courthouse on May 5, 1864. They moved south to Oceana in West Virginia's Wyoming County on May 6, and crossed the state border near Abb's Valley in Virginia's Tazewell County on May 7. Here, they skirmished with enemy scouts and captured one company from the 8thVirginia Cavalry. On the next day, they moved to Jeffersonville (a.k.a. Tazewell Courthouse) in Tazewell County—skirmishing with Confederate troops from Kentucky on the way.

From deserters and prisoners, Averell learned that the Confederate Army was aware of his Saltville objective and the size of his force. He also learned that 4,500 Confederate troops led by John Hunt Morgan and William "Grumble" Jones were waiting for his force (about 2,000 men) at Saltville. Given that information, Averell decided to attack the railroad further east at Wytheville, occupying Morgan and Jones so they could not intercept Crook. As Averell moved east, Morgan began following him.

At the junction of the Jeffersonville, Crab Orchard, and Wytheville roads, Averell continued moving east in the mountains toward Crab Orchard—a rugged road and a longer route to Wytheville. If Morgan had followed Averell, the terrain could have been used to Averell's advantage to hold off Morgan while a detachment attacked Wytheville. However, Morgan was aware of the dangerous terrain, and took the southeast direct route to Wytheville (through Burke's Garden). He arrived at Wytheville ahead of his command, and ordered Confederate troops already there to move north and guard the gap passing through Cove Mountain—the gap necessary for Averell to pass through to get to Wytheville. The people of Wytheville were relieved to see Morgan, as they remembered the destruction of the town in 1863 in Colonel John Toland's Wytheville Raid. The town had an old 6-pounder cannon and some powder, but no ammunition. A blacksmith cut up horseshoes and other pieces of iron that could be used as canister.

Battle
To get to Wytheville and the lead mine further south, Averell needed to pass southward through a small mountain gap near Crockett's Cove. When he arrived at the gap, it was already occupied by the Confederate detachment sent north from Wytheville by Morgan—and more of Morgan's men were moving there. Morgan's force was said to be about 4,000, although some historians believe that figure is an exaggeration.

Schoonmaker's 14th Pennsylvania and 1st West Virginia cavalries opened the battle by driving back the advanced guard of the Confederate force that occupied the gap. When the Union cavalry got too close to the gap, dismounted Confederate cavalry on both sides of the gap drove them back. The 2nd West Virginia Cavalry waited nearby with sabers drawn, intending to take the gap in what their Colonel Powell regarded as a suicidal charge. While the regiment was waiting, a member of the regiment's CompanyH climbed up a tree and observed the Confederate position being reinforced. This was reported to Duffié, and the charge was cancelled. Although not known by Averell at the time, reinforcements (including Morgan's brigades) were positioning on both sides of the gap, and a cannon masked by brush was positioned in the road.

Morgan attacks
Morgan's command had reached Wytheville around 3:00pm, and then headed north to the gap. Colonel Giltner's First Brigade and Lieutenant Colonel R.A. Alston's Second Brigade, with Giltner in overall command, were deployed in the woods of the mountain on Morgan's left side of the pass in an effort to circle around to Averell's right flank. Unable to penetrate the gap, and aware of the Confederate reinforcements, Averell's command fell back and formed a line of battle to lure the Confederates out into the cove. A large Confederate force came out of the gap, and more fighting began. Glitner's two brigades attacked Averell's right while dismounted. Morgan commanded Jones' Brigade in person, in front of Averell's left center, and made use of the Wytheville cannon. A third Confederate force attacked Averell's left flank. A soldier from the 1st West Virginia Cavalry, which faced Morgan's First and Second Brigades, said the Confederate battle cry was "We are Morgan's men and will give you hell".

Averell's forehead was grazed by a bullet early in the fighting—a slight wound that bled profusely. He was forced to temporarily relinquish command, and with Duffié nowhere to be found, field command fell to Colonel Powell. Powell divided the 2nd West Virginia Cavalry into platoons, and gradually moved it back with the precision of what Averell called a "dress parade that continued without disorder under heavy fire". Averell later credited the 2nd West Virginia Cavalry with saving the left of the division. Although the 2nd West Virginia was nearly surrounded three or four times during the four hours of fighting, the only break in the Union line was made by the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry. The 34th Ohio Mounted Infantry quickly filled the gap from its reserve position, and the 14th Pennsylvania reformed and resumed their place in the Union line. Averell's force was pushed back a considerable distance, and fighting ended at dusk.

Casualties
Averell's report listed losses of 114 officers and men. Estimates of Confederate losses range from 40 to 60 men. One Union soldier, who was at the battle and believed Averell's force was almost surrounded, thought that the Confederates had more casualties than Averell's men because the Confederates did all the charging while the Union soldiers were on defense. A private in the Union cavalry believed that if the fighting had not stopped, half of the Union force would have been captured. Morgan believed that he could have captured Averell's entire force if he had two more hours of daylight.

Withdrawal and escape
Averell used an elaborate deception to save his command. First, he told a staff officer that if they could hold Morgan's men until dark, Crook's force would arrive to reinforce them. This was said in front of a local woman from the pro-Confederate community, with hope that the bogus information would get back to the Confederate leadership. Second, he had an officer notify him that Crook arrived. Third, he ordered his men to give three cheers for General Crook. It is unknown if the deception or darkness caused the fighting to stop, but Morgan's men returned to the gap. Averell had his men build one fire for every two men—about one thousand fires—to make it appear that Crook had arrived.

Under the cover of darkness, Averell's force withdrew. The severely wounded were left behind at the Crockett's Cove Presbyterian Church. Averell's men had to ascend and descend a mountain that did not have a good road, so they led their horses while on foot. By dawn, the command was at the bottom of the mountain with 30 mi of difficult terrain between them and the cove. Here, they rested for half a day before continuing to the Dublin Rail Depot.

On the evening of May 11, the Union horsemen reached the depot, and spent the night there in soaking rain. They discovered that Crook had already destroyed the large railroad bridge over the New River, and the river itself was rising rapidly because of recent rains. The river grew to about one third of a mile (0.54km) wide and rising, with a rapid current and rocky riverbed. Averell's men forded the New River about 3 mi west of Christiansburg, and several men and horses drowned. After the command arrived at Christiansburg, the 2nd West Virginia Cavalry was sent back to guard the ford, and witnessed Confederate forces unable to cross the still–rising river. At Christiansburg, the command found a small Confederate force that they drove away with drawn sabers. They also captured two 3-inch caliber artillery pieces.

Return home
From Christiansburg, Averell was able to communicate with Crook, and was ordered to destroy rail line eastward. The rail depot and four miles (6.4 km) of line were destroyed, and then a trip back to the safety of West Virginia was started. Some of the ammunition was rendered useless from the river and rain, and Averell's after-action report mentioned that his "ammunition was nearly exhausted" as the reason for his departure. Omitted from his report was that by a ruse on a telegraph, he had learned that Confederate troops were coming from the east by rail—and he thought it was in his best interest to join Crook's column that was already in Blacksburg, Virginia, and then continue north to the safety of Union military bases in West Virginia. Averell was pursued by three Confederate forces commanded by Brigadier General John D. Imboden, Colonel William E. "Mudwall" Jackson, and Colonel William H. French.

The Confederate forces were unable to catch Averell at Blacksburg (and Crook had already left), so the pursuit was continued further north. On the morning of May 13, Jackson tried to intercept Averell at Salt Pond Mountain and Gap Mountain. Rain made the terrain slippery, and mountain streams became dangerous. Imboden's report said that at Gap Mountain, Jackson "intercepted Averell's command, and scattered it in the mountains. Owing to the darkness and the swollen streams no further pursuit was made with the infantry...." A soldier from the 2nd West Virginia Cavalry wrote that they were fired upon by Confederate artillery near Gap Mountain, so two companies of skirmishers occupied the enemy while the column crossed the mountain while dismounted. Their path was narrow and dangerous, and the mountain was steep. The men used one hand to lead their horses by the bit, and their other hand held the tail of the horse in front of them. The command continued north using "narrow and unfrequented paths and roads". On May 15, Averell met Crook near Union, West Virginia.

Aftermath
The Battle of Cove Mountain is declared "indecisive" by the National Park Service. Averell praised his command, saying it "attacked and held a superior force of the enemy near Wytheville on the 10th instant, thereby enabling another column to accomplish its purpose without the opposition of overwhelming numbers". The New York Times wrote that the "cavalry raid of that dashing and gallant officer, Gen. Averill [sic]...was undoubtedly one of the most hazardous and brilliant of the war. It was, too, successful." This contrasts with a Confederate newspaper in Richmond, which called the battle "a very important victory" for the Confederacy. A report by Colonel McCausland said that "Averell had been defeated by Morgan near Wytheville". Another source says "Morgan caught Averell at Crockett's Cove near Wytheville and drubbed him severely".

Numerous changes happened to the leaders of the battle during the remaining portion of the year. Before and after the battle, Duffié and Averell did not get along. Duffié moved to another division as the replacement for General Julius Stahel, who was wounded on June 5 at the Battle of Piedmont. Duffié was captured in October, and Major General Philip Sheridan requested his dismissal from the service. Powell became a brigade commander and on September 23 replaced Averell as division commander. Long after the war, he was awarded the Medal of Honor for actions in the Sinking Creek Raid that occurred in 1862. Schoonmaker was also awarded the Medal of Honor after the war. His medal was for actions on September 19, 1864, in the Third Battle of Winchester. On the Confederate side, Jones was killed in Virginia on June 5 in the Battle of Piedmont. Graham was captured at the Battle of Moorefield in August. Morgan was killed in a surprise attack in eastern Tennessee on September 4.

Grant's plan to put pressure on Lee's Army of Northern Virginia was only partially successful at first. Crook had a major victory at the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain, and completed an objective of destroying the large New River bridge used by the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad. However, Averell was unable to damage the salt mines or lead mines, and Sigel was defeated on May 15 at the Battle of New Market. Crook, Averell, and Sigel did not meet at Staunton. Although there are various interpretations of the outcome of the Battle of Cove Mountain, one cannot dispute that the Wythe County lead mines in Austinville continued to supply ammunition for the Confederate Army. Later in the year, Union Major General Philip Sheridan led a string of military victories in the Shenandoah Valley, and destroyed much of the agricultural infrastructure used to feed Lee's army. Crook, Averell, Powell, and Schoonmaker had leadership roles in Sheridan's Army of the Shenandoah. During December 1864, Major General George Stoneman conducted a raid eastward from Tennessee that severely damaged the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad infrastructure in western Virginia. The Wythe County lead mines were damaged on December 17, and the Saltville saltworks severely damaged after the Second Battle of Saltville on December 20.

Preservation
As of 2001, the Cove Mountain battlefield at Crockett's Cove still had much of its integrity. It had two historic houses, a cemetery, and the Crockett's Cove Presbyterian Church. The church was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on October 10, 1992, and 17 Union soldiers died there. A Virginia historical marker is located near the mountain gap, and another marker is located at the other end of the cove at the church. The John Crockett House and Cemetery are located near the center of the cove.

title: Battle of Cove Mountain