text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Peter Ellis

Peter Ellis
 (10/8/0) ending 03:50 April 19 2005 (UTC)

Okay, not that I'm hanging by my fingernail waiting for an answer or anything, and I've been out of contact for several days while away with my job. But... What happens now? I can't find any emails, or any comments at User_talk:Peter_Ellis. Just wondering... Peter Ellis 05:56, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

User:Cecropia explained at 07:21, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC) that I had NOT been successful. I asked 37 minutes later, "How is the candidate informed, usually? I can not see anything, anywhere, about this last act in the drama; however, I'm happy to be told where it is." I guess I should just wait. I guess that I could see this as a factor of my being so uninvolved in the User community per the vote comments... :-) Peter Ellis 15:24, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I have been a regular contributor to Wikipedia for over 12 months. As well as editing, I am a regular contributor of new material including pictures (see the list of pages I have established, at User:Peter Ellis. I am known widely at various web sites for linking to Wikipedia. I am known by email to several other contributors and in person by at least one Administrator. Yes, a self-nomination. Peter Ellis 04:35, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) And, please read the re-newed User:Peter Ellis for geek info that might change your mind, after all. Peter Ellis 12:15, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thanks to User:Blankfaze/admin, I now have one person's standard against which to judge myself. For consideration. Peter Ellis 04:19, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Number of edits: not there, yet at <2,000 (but >1,000);
 * Time registered: Well qualified at ~15 months;
 * POV editing: I have also written (established) several articles about people or topics with which I'm diametrically opposed socially or politically. Guess for yourself.
 * Dispute issues: I've NOT got caught up, when I could have, with several quite vociferous editors, one of whom is an Administrator who was recently put on 'stoppage' for several days!
 * I'm a reader/researcher/option-provider in my working life, and I think that I need to know (i.) THAT I need to look for policies and procedures (I do), and (ii.) WHERE to look (I either do or could find them if I thought I was in a 'situation'), rather than have a word-for-word knowledge.

Support
 * 1) Support. I don't see why it's a necessarily a virtue to involve oneself on others' talk pages. We're building an encyclopaedia, not a chatroom. I urge the others to change their votes. Admin=no big deal, remember? Grace Note 12:57, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) If Peter had asked me, I'd have proposed him without hesitation. He's a self-confessed wikipediholic, and has a track record of respecting both the rules and his fellow wikipedians. In addition, he brings to the job professional skills as a journalist and a record of being an effective mediator in other Internet arenas. His edits include starting and polishing articles in a wide range of fields, starting many new articles and showing himself prepared and competent to do painstaking and uncomplaining repairs to less skilled work by others. He's caused little if any controversy, a born collaborator if ever there was one. I met him face-to-face for the first time last weekend when I visited Canberra where he lives; Wikipedia and an unrelated email list to which we both contribute were the main reasons we arranged the meeting. An ideal candidate. Andrewa
 * 3) Support. --jag123 02:18, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) M e r o v i n g i a n  (t) (c) 09:43, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Weak support. With some reluctance. JuntungWu 13:56, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) He can definitely be trusted with adminpowers. Shanes 18:31, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Give him a chance. We can always de-sysop if something goes wrong. --Lst27  ( t a l k )  21:44, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Of course. ugen 64  02:03, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Has established himself as a trustworthy contributor, also Wikipedia is not a chatroom and I like users with high substansive contributions/talk ratio. --Bjarki 13:28, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) Slowking Man 23:17, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

Oppose
 * 1) Peter is a good editor, but possibly hasn't interacted enough with other editors. Out of 1,408 edits in over a year, 64 appear to have been to article talk pages, and 14 to user talk pages other than his own. (Correct me if I've got the figures wrong here, Peter.) I'll definitely support in a couple of months if Peter can demonstrate a bit more interaction with others. SlimVirgin (talk)  04:21, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Like Slim, I'll support in the future if Peter gets more involved with the community. Rje 11:45, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) We're not building a chatroom, true, but the lack of interaction with others makes it hard to see how he'd handle admin responsibilities. Mgm|(talk) 20:35, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Hasn't participated in the Wikipedia namespace enough. Is a good editor, but without interaction with others it is hard to tell whether he would be good admin. Hedley 19:33, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Interacting with others is a major part of being an admin. Therefore, the lack of interaction makes it difficult to see how he can handle it. Zzyzx11 | Talk 04:24, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Close, but needs more community involvement. Get involved and there should be no problem supporting next time. Grutness|hello? [[Image:Grutness.jpg|25px|]] 00:58, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) What Grutness said. My extra points for the selfnom can't quite outweigh lack of community involvement, and I'm thinking especially of Peter citing "I've NOT got caught up, when I could have, with several quite vociferous editors" as his best involvement in dispute resolution. --Bishonen | talk 09:24, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) with no personal offense to Peter, I current oppose this nomination. i'd like to see many more edits so I can get a better understanding of his personality and style. Kingturtle 03:05, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Neutral

Comments
 * Peter Ellis has 1416 total edits: 1061/64 to articles/talk, 175/36 to User/talk, 53/1 to Image/talk, and 26 to Wikipedia. —Korath (Talk) 10:28, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * 14 to user talk that wasn't his own. SlimVirgin (talk) 11:39, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * This user has been here a while, and contributed to many articles and now seems interested in helping with maintenance. Miraculously, he managed not to upset many, if any, or he'd obviously have more edits in the talk namespace, and this is held against him? Wikipedia needs more janitors, not more people with big mouths. --jag123 02:18, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A. I don't like conflict, or controversy, and would prefer people to be 'adult'; but I'm willing to be decisive. I hand-code HTML for several site for which I am the 'webservant', but would not get beyond the obvious. I'd much prefer to trawl through the requests and fixes per the Administrators' how-to guide. Peter Ellis 05:40, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A. John Templeton and the Templeton Prize were obvious yet unrecorded when I wrote them; Stan Grant and John Rudder are continuing their ground-breaking work to resurrect a whole language from extinction (it was effectively no longer spoken) and deserve credit for it; the List of highest towns by country seems like a more useful list than some others I've seen at Wikipedia; and, the Fairey Gannet aircraft and its associated engines were crying out for recognition, and are part of a labour of love that is ongoing in other media.
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and will deal with it in the future?
 * A. I've had no conflicts of which I am aware. There have been various interactions, at least one coming as something of a surprise to the writer who was flushed out of lethargy after I began tidying up the Wiki/HTML code after stumbling onto it from one of the "10 random pages" I was doing; but, I've been watching quite a few more users and their interactions than those in which I've participated. Peter Ellis 04:41, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:St John Philby

A Problem
Harry Philby could not have been in Baghdad in 1915 as it was in Turkish control until the middle of 1917. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.92.135.36 (talk) 19:59, 17 April 2017 (UTC)

One deletion
I removed the sentence

The Philby's helped create the climate of chaos necessary to suppress the Hungarian uprising.

This may or may not be a fair assessment of the impact of the information that they passed to the Soviet Union, but appears to this largely uninformed reader to claim too much. Even though the sentence uses elastic terms such as "helped" and "climate", it still conveys the impression that there was a straight line of cause and effect from one event to the other. In addition, was a "climate of chaos" really "necessary" for Khruschev to send tanks into Hungary? Rather than try to fix it, I deleted it. Perhaps someone else might want to rework it to state "the Soviet Union took advantage of the international climate of chaos produced by this failed seizure to suppress the Hungarian uprising", but I don't have enough confidence in that statement to make it myself.
 * This article is far from complete; I intend to rewrite the entire Kim Philby page to show the relationship between father and son. As of now, little is known of Jack Philby's activities in his later years of life, and that sentence (which true is directed more toward Kim, is really lifted from John Loftus's book chapter entitled Revenge of the Philby's).  Only in recent years have efforts been made to write about activities of both father & son which appear to have some common parellal and purpose.  Thx for input.  Nobs 03:07, 7 May 2005 (UTC)

Several small additions
Having read the Monroe book and noted her sources, I have added a few brief comments but notably changed the nature of Philby's second "marital" relationship. As his "first" wife remained a practising Christian throughout her life and they were not divorced, the status is not clear, however under Islamic law, Rozy, the girl presented to him as a gift by Ibn Saud, became his wife when she gave birth to a son. This son, and the next, both died of illness early in their lives. Rozy had a third son, who survived and knew Kim Philby quite well.

What is not clear from the article is that Philby was regarded as a person unable to grasp the bigger picture throughout his career, whether in the English civil service, or when advising Ibn Saud. His refusal to accept the views of others was acknowledged by all, as was his fearful temper and bullying nature. I have used this background to reflect the transition to US influence in Saudi Arabia. It is a particularly narrow view as Ibn Saud really just went where the money was and the British had run out of money. This need for money sat behind Philby's idea of $20 million for settlement of Jews into Palestine.

His real fame (which he sought so desperately) was as an explorer and the article would be enhanced by a map showing his trips criss-crossing the region.

 * St. John Philby is an interesting character; I would question the insertion of "unintentionally" undermined British influence, etc.; that insertion may radically alter the entire text, and may need proper sourcing. That he did undermine British influence there is no doubt, "unintentionally" is a more subjective motive assigned to him, that changes his whole life story.  It is definitley debateable.  Good edits! Thank you.  nobs 16:43, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

image
The image Image:190523ar.gif, used in this article, is high resolution and not really appropriate for fair use. It is a map, and it seems possible to create a replacement using our own blank maps. Would anyone watching this article be interested in creating such an image? You would be praised in song and story forever, etc. I have no plans to delete the current image, but it could be deleted at some point in the future. Thanks. Chick Bowen 21:41, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

unattributed quote
"...religion was simple and fundamental, and the law of the gun prevailed..."

This is a nice little quote, but where did it come from? Just curious.

Fair use rationale for Image:51EYG0NBPDL SS500 .jpg
Image:51EYG0NBPDL SS500 .jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 04:32, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

Please tell me nothing
I can imagine that if he lived through the 1950s, he would easily learn the wrongdoings of his son. Did it wear on his health, or did it make him feel a small sence of pride? If things were different, could he live longer?--83.108.31.221 (talk) 21:53, 19 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Cheers for that. What the article did not but now does make clear is that Kim was exposed in 1963, and therefore he knew nothing about it. ♫ RichardWeiss talk contribs 18:45, 16 November 2015 (UTC)

Spy
We either call him a spy and ref that or we just link directly to intelligence officer. WE do not dab intelligence officer to spy. Seems clear enough to me. What is the problem? ♫ RichardWeiss talk contribs 16:34, 16 November 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Philby's travels in Arabia are invisible in the article, especially when compared to his bibliography. Other Arabia explorers, such as Thomas and Thesiger refer to him in their writings. He is someone to be reckoned with in this context. Azd0815 (talk) 11:03, 4 April 2021 (UTC)

Article name
The name of this article should be Harry St John Philby, or possibly Jack Philby? 205.239.40.3 (talk) 13:37, 7 December 2022 (UTC)

Categorization as fascist
Copied from my talk page regarding a discussion on categorization under Category:English fascists.Crispulop (talk) 19:14, 24 January 2024 (UTC)

On the article itself it states he stood for the British peoples party which if you click the link to it, it is shown to have been a fascist party, secondarily if you view the page of the British Union of Fascists he is listed as a member. StrongALPHA (talk) 12:54, 24 January 2024 (UTC)
 * I don't agree with you that he can be be categorized as a fascist based on the current information in the article. 1) There is still no explicit information in the article that he himself was fascist. 2) In the article on the British People's Party it states the following cited information "Philby claimed that he agreed with none of the BPP's views apart from their opposition to war. He was more disposed towards the Labour Party but felt they were becoming too pro-war. In Philby's mind, as well as popularly, the BPP were seen as more of a single issue anti-war party". This sentence seems to indicate that he opposed everything else the party stood for (including fascism). I think a categorization under: British People's Party is justified, but one as English fascist isn't 3) Regarding being on the list of prominent members and supporters on the article of the British Union of Fascists. The claim for Philby was unsourced. I have removed it alltogether and tagged the section for insufficiently citing sources. Lastly, there isn't any information on the British Union of Fascists in the article on St John Philby. Crispulop (talk) 19:14, 24 January 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:St John Philby


text:
Cartier (jeweler)

Cartier International SNC, or simply Cartier, is a French luxury-goods conglomerate that designs, manufactures, distributes, and sells jewellery, leather goods, watches, sunglasses and eyeglasses. Founded by Louis-François Cartier (1819–1904) in Paris in 1847, the company remained under family control until 1964. The company is headquartered in Paris and is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Swiss Richemont Group. Cartier operates more than 200 stores in 125 countries, with three Temples (Historical Maisons) in Paris, London, and New York City.

Cartier is regarded as one of the most prestigious jewellery manufacturers. Forbes ranked Cartier on its Most Valuable Brands list as 56th in 2020, with a brand value of $12.2 B and revenue of $6.2 B.

Cartier has a long history of sales to royalty. King Edward VII referred to Cartier as "the jeweller of kings and the king of jewellers". For his coronation in 1902, Edward VII ordered 27 tiaras and issued a royal warrant to Cartier in 1904. Similar warrants soon followed from the courts of Spain, Portugal, Serbia, Russia and the House of Orléans. The largest ever single order to date was made in 1925 by the Indian royalty, the Maharaja of Patiala, for the Patiala Necklace and other jewelry worth inr 1000000000.

Early history
Louis-François Cartier founded Cartier in Paris in 1847 when he took over the workshop of his master, Adolphe Picard. In 1874, Louis-François' son Alfred Cartier took over the company, but it was Alfred's sons Louis, Pierre, and Jacques who established the brand name worldwide.

Louis ran the Paris branch, moving to the Rue de la Paix in 1899. He was responsible for some of the company's most celebrated designs, such as the mystery clocks (a type of clock with a transparent dial and so named because its mechanism is hidden), fashionable wristwatches and exotic orientalist Art Deco designs, including the colorful "Tutti Frutti" jewels.

In 1904, Brazilian pioneer aviator, Alberto Santos-Dumont complained to his friend Louis Cartier of the unreliability and impracticality of using pocket watches while flying. Cartier designed a flat wristwatch with a distinctive square bezel that was favored by Santos-Dumont and many other customers. This was the first and only time the brand would name a watch after its original wearer. The "Santos" watch was Cartier's first men's wristwatch. In 1907, Cartier signed a contract with Edmond Jaeger, who agreed to exclusively supply the movements for Cartier watches. Among the Cartier team was Charles Jacqueau, who joined Louis Cartier in 1909 for the rest of his life, and Jeanne Toussaint, who was Director of Fine Jewellery from 1933.

Pierre Cartier established a New York City branch in 1909, moving in 1917 to 653 Fifth Avenue, the Neo-Renaissance mansion of Morton Freeman Plant (son of railroad tycoon Henry B. Plant), designed by architect C.P.H. Gilbert. Cartier purchased it from the Plants in exchange for $100 in cash and a double-stranded natural pearl necklace valued at the time at $1 million. By this time, Cartier had branches in London, New York and Saint Petersburg and was quickly becoming one of the most successful watch companies.

Designed by Louis Cartier, the Tank watch was introduced in 1919 and was inspired by the newly introduced tanks on the Western Front in World War I. In the early 1920s, Cartier formed a joint-stock company with Edward Jaeger (of Jaeger-LeCoultre) to produce movements solely for Cartier. Cartier continued to use movements from other makers: Vacheron Constantin, Audemars Piguet, Movado, and LeCoultre. It was also during this period that Cartier began adding its own reference numbers its watches by stamping a four-digit code on the underside of a lug. Jacques took charge of the London operations and eventually moved to the current address at New Bond Street.

Re-organization
After the death of Pierre in 1964, Jean-Jacques Cartier (Jacques's son), Claude Cartier (Louis's son), and Marion Cartier Claudel (Pierre's daughter)—who respectively headed the Cartier affiliates in London, New York, and Paris—sold the businesses.

In 1972, Robert Hocq, assisted by a group of investors led by Joseph Kanoui, bought Cartier Paris. In 1974 and 1976, respectively, the group repurchased Cartier London and Cartier New York, thus reconnecting Cartier worldwide. The new president of Cartier, Robert Hocq, coined the phrase "Les Must de Cartier" (a staff member is said to have said "Cartier, It's a must!" meaning something one simply must have) with Alain Dominique Perrin, who was a General Director of the company. As a result, in 1976, "Les Must de Cartier" became a diffusion line of Cartier, with Alain D. Perrin being its CEO.

In 1979, the Cartier interests were combined, with Cartier Monde uniting and controlling Cartier Paris, London, and New York. Joseph Kanoui became vice president of Cartier Monde. In December 1979, following the accidental death of president Robert Hocq, Nathalie Hocq (daughter of Hocq) became president.

Recent development
In 1981, Alain Dominique Perrin was appointed Chairman of Cartier SAA and Cartier International. The next year, Micheline Kanoui, wife of Joseph Kanoui, became head of jewellery design and launched her first collection "Nouvelle Joaillerie." In 1984, Perrin founded the Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain to bring Cartier into the twenty-first century, by forming an association with living artists. In 1986, the French Ministry for Culture appointed Perrin head of the "Mission sur le mécénat d'entreprise" (a commission to study business patronage of the arts). Two years later, Cartier gained a majority holding in Piaget and Baume & Mercier. From 1989 to 1990, the Musée du Petit Palais staged an exhibition of the Cartier collection, "L'Art de Cartier."

Perrin founded an international committee in 1991, Comité International de la Haute Horlogerie, to organize its first salon, held on April 15, 1991; this has become an annual meeting place in Geneva for professionals in this field. The next year, the second exhibition of "L'Art de Cartier" was held at the Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg. In 1993, the "Vendôme Luxury Group" was formed as an umbrella company to combine Cartier, Dunhill, Montblanc, Piaget, Baume & Mercier, Karl Lagerfeld, Chloé, Sulka, Hackett, and Seeger.

In 1994, the Cartier Foundation moved to the Rive Gauche and opened headquarters in a building designed for it by Jean Nouvel. The next year, a major exhibition of the Cartier Antique Collection was held in Asia. In 1996, the Lausanne Hermitage Foundation in Switzerland exhibited "Splendours of the Jewellery", presenting a hundred and fifty years of products by Cartier.

In 2012, Cartier was owned, through Richemont, by the South African Rupert family, and Elle Pagels, a 24-year-old granddaughter of Pierre Cartier.

Managing directors

 * Laurent E. Feniou – (March 25, 2013–present).
 * Rupert J. Brooks – (December 16, 2015–present).
 * Francois M. J. R. Le Troquer – (September 1, 2010 – March 28, 2013).
 * Bernard M. Fornas – (January 21, 2003 – December 16, 2015).
 * Guy J. Leymarie – (September 2, 2002 – October 28, 2002).
 * Grieg O. Catto – (April 2 – present).
 * Denys E. Pasche – (April 2, 2002 – July 17, 2002).
 * David W. Merriman – (April 2, 2002 – July 17, 2002).
 * Richard P. Lepeu – (November 1, 2000 – April 1, 2002).
 * Sophie Cagnard – (November 1, 2000 – April 1, 2002).
 * Gerard S. Djaoui – (June 12, 1997 – April 1, 2002).
 * Francois Meffre – (June 11, 1993 – September 28, 2000).
 * Richard N. Thornby – (June 11, 1993 – October 7, 1996).
 * Luigi Blank – (June 11, 1993 – April 1, 2002).
 * Joseph W. Allgood – (June 22, 1992 – April 8, 1993).
 * Arnaud M. Bamberger – (June 4, 1992 – December 16, 2015).
 * Mario Soares – (June 22, 1991 – March 5, 2002).
 * Joseph Kanoui – (June 22, 1991 – January 31, 2000).
 * William A. Craddock – (June 22, 1991 – October 31, 1997).
 * Christopher H. B. Honeyborne – (June 22, 1991 – October 31, 1997).
 * Pierre Haquet – (June 22, 1991 – April 8, 1993).
 * Phillipe Leopold-Metzger – (June 22, 1991 – June 4, 1992).

Notable products

 * 1911 – Launch of Santos de Cartier wristwatch.
 * 1918 – Creation of batons for Field-Marshals Foch and Pétain.
 * 1919 – Launch of the Tank watch.
 * 1921 – Creation of the Tank cintrée watch.
 * 1922 – Creation of the Tank Louis Cartier and Tank Chinoise watches.
 * 1923 – Creation of the first portico mystery clock, crowned with a statuette called Billiken.
 * 1926 – Creation of the Baguette watch. Cartier jewellery in its red box appeared on the Broadway stage in Anita Loos' play Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.
 * 1928 – Creation of the Tortue single push-piece chronograph watch.
 * 1929 – Creation of the Tank à guichets watch.
 * 1931 – Creation of the mystery pocket watch.
 * 1932 – Creation of the Tank basculante watch.
 * 1933 – Cartier filed a patent for the "invisible mount", a stone-setting technique in which the metal of the mount disappears to show only the stones.
 * 1936 – Creation of the Tank asymétrique watch.
 * 1942 – Creation of the "Caged Bird" brooch as a symbol of the Occupation.
 * 1944 – Cartier created the "Freed Bird" to celebrate the Liberation of France.
 * 1950 – Creation of a watch in the form of a ship's wheel.
 * 1967 – Creation of new watches in London including the Crash.
 * 1968 – Creation of the Maxi Oval watch.
 * 1969 – Creation of the Love bracelet. Cartier Santos 1988.jpg
 * 1969 First inclusion of a Cartier Chronometer in a Luxury Car
 * 1971 – Creation of the Juste un Clou bracelet at Cartier New York.
 * 1973 – Creation of Les Must de Cartier by Robert Hocq with Alain-Dominique Perrin.
 * 1974 – Launch of the first leather collection in burgundy.
 * 1976 – First collection of Les Must de Cartier vermeil watches. Creation of the first oval pen.
 * 1978 – Creation of the Santos de Cartier watch with a gold and steel bracelet. Creation of the first Cartier scarf collection.
 * 1981 – Launch of the Must de Cartier and Santos de Cartier perfumes.
 * 1982 – Launch of the first New Jewellery collection on the theme of gold and stones.
 * 1983 – Creation of the Collection Ancienne Cartier (later the Cartier Collection) to record and illustrate how the jeweller's art and its history have evolved. Creation of the Panthère de Cartier watch.
 * 1984 – Launch of the second New Jewellery collection on the theme of gold and pearls. Creation of the Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain in Jouy-en-Josas.
 * 1985 – Launch of the Pasha de Cartier watch.
 * 1986 – Launch of the third New Jewellery collection on the theme of the panther.
 * 1987 – Launch of the Panthère de Cartier perfume. Creation of Les Maisons de Cartier tableware (porcelain, crystal and silver).
 * 1988 – Launch of the fourth New Jewellery collection on the theme of Egypt.
 * 1989 – Launch of the Tank Américaine watch. The Art of Cartier, the first major retrospective in Paris, was held at the Petit Palais.
 * 1995 – Creation of the Pasha C watch in steel. Launch of the So Pretty de Cartier perfume.
 * 1996 – Creation of the Tank Française watch collection. Launch of the sixth New Jewellery collection on the theme of Creation. Creation of the Tank ring.
 * 1997 – Cartier celebrated its 150th anniversary with creations including a necklace in the form of a serpent, paved with diamonds and set with two pear-cut emeralds of 205 and 206 carat.
 * 1998 – Creation of the Collection Privée Cartier Paris Fine Watch collection.
 * 1999 – Creation of the Paris Nouvelle Vague Cartier jewellery collection, inspired by Paris.
 * 2001 – Creation of the Délices de Cartier jewellery collection. Launch of the Roadster watch.
 * 2003 – Launch of the Le Baiser du Dragon and Les Délices de Goa jewellery collections.
 * 2007 – Launch of Ballon Bleu de Cartier watch.
 * 2016 – Launch of the Drive de Cartier watch.

Environmental rating
In December 2018, World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) released a report assigning environmental ratings to 15 major watch manufacturers and jewelers in Switzerland. Cartier (being a subsidiary of the Swiss Richemont Group) was ranked No. 2 among the 15 manufacturers and assigned an average environmental rating of "Upper Midfield," suggesting the manufacturer has taken first actions addressing the impact of its manufacturing activities on the environment and climate change. According to Cartier's official company document, the company is committed to conduct businesses "in an environmentally responsible manner" and "minimising negative environmental impacts."

Notable patrons and owners
Numerous royal and aristocratic figures have adorned Cartier's clientele. At the turn of the 20th century, Cartier held the prestigious position as the official supplier to King Edward VII of England, Alphonse XIII of Spain, George I of Greece, Tsar Nicholas II, Queen Marie of Romania, Elisabeth of Belgium, King Zog of Albania, King Chulalongkorn of Siam, and other notable figures in Portugal, Serbia, Egypt, and Monaco. More recently, in 1997, the Prince of Wales became an esteemed patron of Cartier. From its inception, Empress Eugénie was a valued client of Louis-François Cartier and Alfred, which solidified the reputation of the jeweler. Princess Mathilde, a relative of Napoleon I and cousin of Emperor Napoleon III, made her initial purchase in 1856 and maintained her loyalty as a customer. The diamond tiara adorned with olive leaf motifs that Princess Marie Bonaparte wore highlighted the splendor of the Bonaparte family. She wore Cartier jewelry during her marriage to Prince George of Greece. An opulent diamond necklace with red hues was commissioned for Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala, who presented it to his maharani. The Duke of Windsor commissioned jewelry for Wallis Simpson, including a "Flamingo" brooch, a "Draperie" necklace, and a three-dimensional "panther". Grace Kelly possessed a diverse collection of jewelry, including her engagement ring from Prince Rainier III in 1955, princely emblems, various brooches, and clips she wore at the birth of Prince Albert. The Duchess of Cambridge wore a Cartier tiara from 1936 on her wedding day, which was originally commissioned by King George VI for his wife and later gifted to Elizabeth on her 18th birthday.

Pierre Cartier sold the "Hope" blue diamond to an American customer, Evalyn Walsh McLean, and counted actress Ève Lavallière and socialite Doris Duke among his clients. La Belle Otero wore Cartier jewelry and famously said, "A man with an account at Cartier cannot be considered ugly." Wearing Cartier during the Belle Époque was a status symbol. Liz Taylor, who wrote My Love Affair With Jewelry about her collection, regularly received gifts from Richard Burton and Mike Todd. The diamond necklace that Burton repurchased from Cartier was named "Taylor – Burton". Other celebrities like Gloria Swanson and Maria Felix were also loyal clients, along with Brigitte Bardot and Yves Montand who gave gifts from Cartier.

Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria wore Cartier watches during his rule within the Medellín Cartel in Colombia.

In the 1988 film Wall Street, Michael Douglas, a symbol of the yuppie style, proudly wore a gold "Santos" watch.

In cinema, the "Love" bracelet adorned Elizabeth Taylor's wrist in 1972 in Ash Wednesday, and Sharon Stone wore it in the 1998 film Sphere. On stage, it was the sole jewelry piece worn by Tina Turner during her 1983 comeback tour.

Use of the Cartier name in other products
From 1976 to 2003, the company lent its name to special editions of several models of the luxury US automaker Lincoln, designing a Cartier edition of the 1976 Lincoln Continental Mark IV, the 1977–79 Lincoln Continental Mark V, the 1980–81 Lincoln Continental Mark VI, and the 1982–2003 Lincoln Town Car.

Books

 * The Cartiers, Francesca Cartier Brickells
 * The Cartiers, Francesca Cartier Brickells
 * The Cartiers, Francesca Cartier Brickells

title: Cartier (jeweler)


text:
Julian Nowak

Julian Ignacy Nowak (10 March 1865 – 7 November 1946) was a Polish microbiologist and politician who served as 9th Prime Minister of Poland in 1922.

Nowak studied medicine at the Jagiellonian University in 1886–1893 and was a professor there since 1899. In 1921–1922 he was a rector of the university. Being a conservative politician, he served as the Prime Minister briefly in 1922. In the same year, he also served briefly as the Minister of Religious Affairs. In 1922–1927 he was a Senator in the Polish Senate.

He was awarded the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.

Julian Ignacy Nowak was buried in Rakowicki Cemetery. He was the father of Olympic fencer Wanda Dubieńska.

title: Julian Nowak


text:
DRQ

DRQ may refer to:

 * DMA request, a hardware event related to direct memory access functionality
 * Dril-Quip, Inc., a company listed on the New York Stock Exchange as DRQ
 * WUFL (FM), formerly WDRQ, Detroit radio station marketed as "The new DRQ"
 * DRQ, the main character in the critically acclaimed videogame GODS

title: DRQ


text:
List of contemporary Iranian scientists, scholars, and engineers

The following is a list of notable Iranian scholars, scientists and engineers around the world from the contemporary period. For pre-modern era, see List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars. For mathematicians, see List of Iranian mathematicians.

A

 * Behnaam Aazhang, professor of engineering, Rice University
 * Akbar Adibi, electronic engineer, VLSI researcher, professor of engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology
 * Majid Adibzadeh, scholar and Political scientist
 * Haleh Afshar, academic and peer, University of York
 * Masoud Alimohammadi, assassinated quantum field theorist and elementary-particle physicist
 * Abbas Amanat, professor of history and international studies at Yale University
 * Shahram Amiri
 * Mahyar Amouzegar, Operations Researcher, President of New Mexico Tech, author
 * Anousheh Ansari, the world's first female space tourist, co-founder and chairman of Prodea Systems, Inc., co-founder and former CEO of Telecom Technologies, Inc. (TTI)
 * Farhad Ardalan, physicist, IPM
 * Nima Arkani-Hamed, professor, Institute for Advanced Study
 * Nasser Ashgriz, professor of mechanical and industrial engineering, University of Toronto
 * Touraj Atabaki, professor of social history of the Middle East and Central Asia, Department of History, University of Amsterdam
 * Reza Amrollahi, Physicist and the former president of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran

B

 * Mehdi Bahadori, professor of mechanical engineering
 * Hossein Baharvand, professor of stem cell and developmental biology, and director of Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology
 * Shaul Bakhash, historian, George Mason University
 * Asef Bayat, professor of sociology and Middle East Studies at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
 * Nariman Behravesh, chief economist and executive vice president, Global Insight
 * Mahmoud Behzad, pioneer Iranian biologist
 * Mina Bissell, director of UC Berkeley Life Sciences Division

D

 * Touraj Daryaee, Iranologist and historian, University of California, Irvine

E

 * Abbas Edalat, professor of computer science and mathematics, Imperial College London
 * Kamran Elahian, entrepreneur
 * Kamran Eshraghian, VLSI pioneer in Australia

F

 * Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, nuclear physicist and scientist, former head of the Organization of Defensive Innovation and Research.
 * Fereydoon Family, Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Physics, Emory University
 * Yasaman Farzan, Kharazmi young scientist Award in 2006, Young Scientist Prize of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) in 2008, International Centre for Theoretical Physics Prize in 2013

G

 * Nasir Gebelli, computer scientist and video game developer
 * Zoubin Ghahramani, professor of information engineering, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge
 * Mohammed Ghanbari, professor, University of Essex
 * Mehdi Golshani, professor, Sharif University of Technology

H

 * Mohammad Reza Hafeznia, professor, University of Tehran
 * Ali Hajimiri, Caltech, professor of electrical engineering, co-founder of Axiom Microdevices Inc.
 * Majid Hassanizadeh, professor of hydrogeology; expertise: theories of porous media (Utrecht University, the Netherlands)
 * Babak Hassibi, professor of electrical engineering, Caltech
 * Mahmoud Hessaby, physicist, father of modern physics in Iran
 * Payam Heydari, professor of electrical engineering and computer science, University of California, Irvine
 * Eric Hooglund, professor of political science

I

 * Reza Iravani, professor and the L. Lau Chair in Electrical and Computer Engineering in the Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto

J

 * Ali Jafari, professor of computer and information technology, Purdue University
 * Hamid Jafarkhani, professor in electrical engineering and computer science, University of California, Irvine
 * Ali Javan, physicist and inventor of the gas laser at MIT
 * Kamaloddin Jenab, pioneering physicist

K

 * Naser Kamalian, medical scholar and the father of modern neuropathology in Iran
 * Mehran Kardar, physicist, MIT
 * Ahmad Karimi-Hakkak, founding director of Center for Persian Studies, University of Maryland
 * Homayoon Kazerooni, professor of mechanical engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, co-founder and Chief Scientist of Berkeley Bionics, inventor of the HULC
 * Shaygan Kheradpir, chief operating officer, Barclays
 * Omid Kordestani, senior vice president of worldwide sales and field operations, Google
 * Farinaz Koushanfar, Henry Booker Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UC San Diego (UCSD); Director of the Center for Machine Intelligence and Security (MICS) at UCSD

L

 * Caro Lucas, scientist; professor and founding director of the Center of Excellence for Control and Intelligent Processing (CIPCE), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran; researcher at the School of Cognitive Sciences (SCS), Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics (IPM), Tehran

M

 * Esfandiar Maasoumi, Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society, Southern Methodist University
 * Iraj Malekpour, professor of space physics
 * Alireza Mashaghi, professor of systems biomedicine and physics, Leiden University and Harvard University
 * Maryam Mirzakhani, first woman ever to win the fields medal
 * Abbas Milani, director of Iranian Studies Program, Stanford University
 * Farzaneh Milani, director of studies in women and gender, University of Virginia
 * Maryam Mirzakhani, mathematician and a professor of mathematics at Stanford University, and first woman to be awarded the Fields Medal
 * Minoo Mohraz, physician, researcher, infectious diseases specialist, AIDS specialist, professor at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
 * Parviz Moin, Franklin P. and Caroline M. Johnson Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University
 * Ali Montazeri, public health scientist at the Health Metrics Research Center of the Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research
 * Mohsen Mostafavi, dean of Cornell University College of Architecture, Art, and Planning
 * Fathollah Moztarzadeh, Biomedical Engineering, Order of Research, professor at Amirkabir University of Technology.
 * Hamid Mowlana, director of the Division of International Communication at American University in Washington D.C., and former president of the International Association for Media and Communication Research

N

 * Firouz Naderi, associate director, Project Formulation and Strategy, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA
 * Hossein Nasr, philosopher, George Washington University
 * Farzad Nazem, former chief technical officer and executive vice president, Yahoo!
 * Camran Nezhat, director of Stanford Endoscopy Center for Training & Technology, Stanford University
 * Behrouz Nikbin, immunologist and biomedical scientist
 * Mehrdad Nikoonahad, vice president of business development, PDF Solutions, Inc.

O

 * Pierre Omidyar, founder of eBay

P

 * Kaveh Pahlavan, professor and director of CWINS, Worcester Polytechnic Institute
 * Hashem Pesaran, fellow of Trinity College, Fellow of The British Academy, former director of the Applied Econometrics Program at UCLA, founding editor of the Journal of Applied Econometrics, Cambridge University

R

 * Ali R. Rabi, founding chair of the Middle East Citizens Assembly, University of Maryland
 * Yahya Rahmat-Samii, professor of electromagnetics at UCLA
 * Behzad Razavi, director, Communication Circuits Laboratory, UCLA
 * Sohrab Rohani, chair, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario
 * Mostafa Ronaghi, chief technology officer and senior vice president of Illumina

S

 * Pardis Sabeti, geneticist, assistant professor, Center for Systems Biology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University
 * Hossein Sadri, dean, associate professor of architectural theory, Girne American University
 * Reihaneh Safavi-Naini, cryptographer, professor in School of Computer Science, University of Wollongong
 * Muhammad Sahimi, chair of Chemical Engineering Department, University of Southern California
 * Farrokh Saidi, medical professor and administrator, permanent member of Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences
 * Jawad Salehi, inventor of optical code division multiple access, professor of electrical engineering at Sharif University of Technology
 * Majid Samii, neurosurgeon and scientist, president of the International Society for Neurosurgery
 * Mohammad-Nabi Sarbolouki, professor of macromolecular physical chemistry, Tehran University
 * Cyrus Shahabi, chair of the Computer Science Department, University of Southern California
 * Alireza Shapour Shahbazi, lecturer in Achaemenid archeology and Iranology at Harvard University; full professor of history in Eastern Oregon University, Eastern Oregon University
 * Mohammad Shahidehpour, former dean of the Graduate College and Associate VP for Research, Illinois Institute of Technology
 * Freidoon Shahidi, university research professor, Memorial University of Newfoundland
 * Manuchehr Shahrokhi, Craig Fellow/professor, editor of the Global Finance Journal, California State University, Fresno
 * Vahid Shams Kolahi, solid-state physicist with contribution to CIGS and CdTe solar cells
 * Amir Ali Sheibany, professor of geology, University of Tehran; founder and chairman of the National Iranian Steel Corporation (ZobAhan AryaMehr)
 * Saeed Shirkavand, former vice minister in Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance (Iran), assistant professor in management faculty of University of Tehran
 * Hamid Shirvani, president and professor of art and architecture, Briar Cliff University
 * Amin Shokrollahi, professor of I&C faculty and the head of ALGO lab, EPFL, Switzerland
 * Gholam Reza Sinambari, chair of Department of Environmental Engineering, Fachhochschule Bingen
 * Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh, senior scientist, Henry Ford Health System; professor of electrical and computer engineering, University of Tehran
 * Saba Soomekh, professor of religious studies and Middle Eastern history at UCLA, and author of books and articles on contemporary and historical Iranian Jewish culture
 * Abdolkarim Soroush, philosopher
 * Kamran Talattof, professor, University of Arizona
 * Vahid Tarokh, professor, Harvard University

V

 * Cumrun Vafa, physicist, Harvard University
 * Saba Valadkhan, biomedical scientist; assistant professor and RNA researcher at Case Western Reserve University
 * Wahid Shams Kolahi, scinentist and engineer, Toronto, Stuttgart and Osaka Universities

Y

 * Alireza Yaghoubi, materials scientist, designer and entrepreneur
 * Ehsan Yarshater, distinguished professor, Columbia University
 * Hajar Yazdiha, German born Iranian-American Sociologist focusing on ethno-racial studies
 * Houman Younessi, professor, assistant dean of academics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Hartford Graduate Campus; director of Rensselaer Initiative in Systems Engineering (RISE)

Z

 * Lotfi A. Zadeh, creator of fuzzy logic and fuzzy set, UC Berkeley
 * Mehdi Zakerian, visiting professor, Penn Law, University of Pennsylvania, president of Iranian International Studies Association (IISA), editor-in-chief of International Studies Journal
 * Esmail Zanjani, department chair of Department of Animal Biotechnology at University of Nevada, Reno
 * Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob, scholar of Iranian literature, history of literature, Persian culture and history, professor at Tehran University


text:
Template talk:Counties of Ireland

Historic vs Administrative
I reverted the changes made by User:LocGov because they left the template in an inconsistent state. The current template attempts to combine representation of traditional/historic and current/administrative counties, while enabling both to be distinguished, and showing which of the latter correspond to which of the former. I don't believe putting the administrative counties of Leinster in alphabetical order is an improvement, as it loses some of the information available from the previous format. (South Dublin is the only one not currently in alphabetical order anyway; I believe this represents less of an imperfection.) The reference to the statute book in the edit comment suggests it is desired to emphasise the current administrative counties of the Republic. If this is so, then all the other items (Dublin, Tipperary, Antrim, etc) should be removed for true consistency. I won't vote for that, but if that's the consensus then at least do it thoroughly. Joestynes 03:51, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * the tildes were intended to indicate repetition of the name of the preceding county. "Fingal~" and "South Dublin~" make no sense.
 * the template continues to state "(parentheses) denotes non-traditional counties" even though 3 of the four new Dublin counties are no longer in parentheses.

 * I think in any case cities should be removed Djegan 17:54, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I disagree. Cities have the same administrative status as counties. The distinction is as slight as when the Tipperarys were "Ridings" .  Dublin City has an area of the same order as DLR and South Dublin.  Joestynes 09:34, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Cities have a similar status to counties, but a city is not a county this is why we have Template:IrishCities. Also removing them keeps things neat and tidy. Djegan 18:03, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Template:IrishCities includes Kilkenny, which is not a County borough. Tidiness is fine as long as we're not oversimplifying reality.  I would hate to see the Republic of Ireland not having some infobox somewhere which contained all its current administrative divisions.  (Template:Australia and Template:Canada include both States/Provinces and Territories.)  I realise trying to accommodate both traditional counties and administrative divisions in the same template is going to involve compromises; I just don't believe removing the Country Boroughs is the best available compromise. Joestynes 05:40, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Your quite right Kilkenny is not a county borough but the law makes it clear that this does not predice its right to be discribed as a city and most would agree that this (city) is the more used and recognised definition of the area, certainly from a cultural aspect. Thus it will not be added to the county template nor removed from the city one. However this still leaves us with the duplication, and it is this that mainly concerns me, as the table is at the moment it is neither adminstratively or traditionally correct but also a mixture of cities and counties. Cities and counties in the Republic of Ireland are the "unit of value" administratively but culturally this is almost exclusively the right of counties and I agree that this creates some unique difficulties as a way forward. Theirfore I recommend that we leave the template as it is for the moment as their is little chance of final decision and also a bit of experienced use may be benificial. Djegan 17:58, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I agree that a single table which includes both cities and counties would be appropriate, in separate sections. Also, until further developments in the identity of the new counties takes place and it becomes more obvious to the public, I think having a separate section for "new counties" (vs. traditional - both appropriately vague) is preferential to trying to integrate them as solely administrative units of historical counties - I know that was not the intention but it is implied by brackets and other formatting. The intention of my link to the Statute Book was not to show current administrative divisions, but to show the cities and counties of Ireland as existing under law. This is the only such list. Within 10 years, it is anticipated that the Dublin counties will be recognised as full counties, with GAA teams, new addresses (and potentially, names) etc -see strategies of Development Boards of respective councils- and so it is highly restrictive that they would be confined to administrative definition in this table. Given the scope of the Local Government Act 2001, and the establishment of County Development Boards in 2002, it is fair to say that the Dublin counties had solely administrative function from 1994-2002. Comparing the Dublin situation to Tipperary would not be apt in this scenario because of the demographics involved. Dublin has been identified as needing more local level identity, by all four Dublin local authorities and by the Dept. of E,H,LG. Whether Tipperary follows suit is a matter for the authorities in that area, indeed people might use the Dublin example to create new county-level identities in Tipperary. I would recommend a revert to a single table listing:

Traditional Counties

New Counties

Cities

With same formatting in all 3 to imply, correctly, that they each have the same status. Tipperary and Dublin need not be altered or formatted differently in the table at this stage. Also, to note that the issue of the administrative counties in NI does not apply if the list is meant to be from an "Irish perspective". It is the view of the Government of Ireland, and OSI mapping, that the original NI counties cannot be altered by administrative sub-divisions of the United Kingdom. That is to say, they can continue to be recognised for all intents and purposes, as they remain in having no Irish legislative status (and moreso, were not replaced by counties). This again is different to the Dublin scenario. I hope this information is of use.

LocGov

 * I broadly agree with what you have proposed here - it might be ideal to drop the IrishCities template altogetheir and use a single template with all cities and counties? In addition the provinces might best be removed as a method of sorting counties, perhaps in their own section to reduce some clutter? Djegan 11:13, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure what LocGov is saying. The various types don't all have the same status. There are:
 * admin+trad Wexford, Sligo, etc
 * admin only Fingal, North Tipp, etc
 * admin city Cork, Galway etc
 * city Kilkenny
 * trad only Dublin Tipperary
 * trad NI Antrim Down etc
 * city NI Belfast L*ndonderry
 * My basic desire is that the current administrative counties are all given equal recognition. Whatever way historic counties and cities can be accommodated around that is fine.  If any counties are to be segregated I would much rather they were the old ones than the new ones.  Of course, the Counties of Ireland page itself could do with some rework to make the situation clearer.  There are a number of possible reworkings of the template:
 * Have separate templates for (1)"adminstrative counties (inc. cities)", (2)"traditional counties", and (3)"cities": The articles for Cork City etc could include both (1) and (3); Tipperary, Antrim etc just (2); Belfast, Derry-City and Kilkenny-City just (3); the rest just (1).  The county boroughs and counties could form 2 alphabetical listings in (1), with province-based listings used in (2).
 * A single template listing in separate alphabetical sections (1) all current counties (exc. cities) (2) obsolete traditional counties (3) cities. Would need notes for Northern Ireland and Kilkenny-City.
 * other suggestions? Joestynes 10:54, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree most with your second proposal but believe that organising by three tiers: (1) the traditional thirty-two counties, purely alphabetic with no provinces (2) the new administrative counties in tipperary and dublin (3) cities of ireland.
 * This recognises the traditional sense of the counties whilst also integrating new administrative counties and including cities without any undue duplication or separation. Djegan 12:31, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Denoting Counties in Northern Ireland
Up to my revision (16:37, 8 December 2006) there were footnotes for each county denoting whether or not it was in the Republic of Ireland (RI) or Northern Ireland (NI). This meant that every county had a footnote after it which impeded reading, and looked a bit odd, frankly.

Given that a county can only be in one or the other, it made sense only to have footnotes for one case, with the absence of a footnote indicating the other case.

With a view to minimising the total amount of footnote markers, I choose to mark the counties in Northern Ireland. This isn't political: it simply makes sense to have six footnotes instead of 26. This arrangement works particularly well as the six footnotes only appear in the Ulster category.

I feel this made the template easier to read, while conveying the same amount of information: indeed, by stripping out redundant footnotes, it made the information more accessible.

The choice of Northern Ireland seems to have been a bit controversial though: one contributor decided to go with the messier arrangement (26 footnote markers for RI) to avoid the appearance of "supremacism". This is, I feel, an excessive display of political correctness. 26 footnote markers are harder to read than 6 and look worse. It's a simple matter of mathematics. Politics has absolutely nothing to do with it, and shouldn't.

My problem is that since then another contributor, to avoid the argument, has removed all footnotes, damaging the table, and reducing the amount of information it conveys. I have re-instated my version, what do people think? -- Bryan

 * Personally I think we could dump the whole four provinces divide, or even totally redesign the template as it is very hidious and complicated and is not what a template should be; a simple, easy to recognise summary of reality, instead we have a patchwork of conflicting ideas (administrative counties (of the Republic), cities (with city councils, in the Republic), partition of Ireland, four provinces divide (purely cultural/historic divide), traditional counties.) Djegan 13:19, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I do agree that it is quite complicated. I would say list all the traditional counties only, using footnotes to denote those in Northern Ireland (the two Ulsters are a bit confusing). I'd say put the lists of administrative counties either in a new table, or in the existing table under a sub-heading. -- Bryan

 * I would have to go along with Djegan on this one, this template is a mess. An alternative might be a new template, something along the lines of Historic and administrative divisions of Ireland, giving amongst other things;
 * 2 states
 * 4 Provinces
 * 32 Traditional counties
 * 30+ Adminsitrative counties(RoI)
 * 20+ District councils (NI)
 * and if something appears on multiple lists, then so be it! I think the inclusion of provinces on the current template adds to the confusion, there is nothing on the template to say that they arent counties, and for someone from outside Ireland chances are they have probably never heard of three of them, and misunderstands the fourth. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Fasach Nua (talk • contribs) 22:11, 11 December 2006 (UTC).

SOS!!!!!!!
Help! I am doing a small poster on Ireland. i have pictures from a Google image search on Ireland. I desperately need websites that are trustworthy by Tuesday December 18!!!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.245.43.65 (talk) 18:01, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

Wikiproject Ireland notification.
Please be advised that a name change proposal to this template is under discussion at the Project. Laurel Lodged (talk) 18:21, 11 April 2011 (UTC)

Cities
I think we should remove the city councils. This template is for the counties. We alredy hav two templates for the city and county councils (here and here). ~Asarlaí 23:22, 2 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks to the vigilance of a certain hounder, I expect that the first of these will shortly be deleted, which would leave only 1 rather cumbersome template that tries to do too much. Strictly speaking, the traditional counties were always accompanied by the "County of the City of Foo". See Local government in the Republic of Ireland for a fuller exposition of County Boroughs etc. Laurel Lodged (talk) 23:28, 2 February 2012 (UTC)
 * We shouldn't be including the city councils just becauz they wer once named "county boroughs". This template is for the counties of Ireland; the five city councils arn't counties of Ireland. We alredy hav them on the local government template alongside the other councils, which is wher they belong. ~Asarlaí 23:39, 2 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Is it your argument that Counties "of the City of Foo" should be excluded because they are not now counties? That is, they were once legal counties but are no longer so. Is that an accurate summary of your position? Laurel Lodged (talk) 15:23, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, my argument is that only counties should be on a "counties of Ireland" template. If we include cities just forwhy they wer once named "county boroughs" then we should also be including the County of Coleraine, the County of Lecale, the County of Cross Tipperary, a.s.f. That'd be silly tho, as this isn't a template for former counties. ~Asarlaí 18:44, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree, it should be for the counties of Ireland only, which was the original intent of the template. There is a separate Template:Cities in Ireland. Snappy (talk) 18:52, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * OK. On that basis, I can agree to the deletion of the cities. Naturally, this means that the former counties of Dublin and Tipperary must also be deleted. Agreed? Laurel Lodged (talk) 19:00, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Counties Dublin and Tipperary arn't former counties like Coleraine and Lecale. They'r no longer uzed for administration but they still exist as traditional counties. ~Asarlaí 19:03, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * There is no reason why the template can't have traditional and administrative counties in it. Snappy (talk) 19:10, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Counties Coleraine and Lecale are no longer used for administration even though at one time they were traditional. Some were traditional for longer than others. Your link to Cross Tipperary was fascinating. I was not aware of that colourful history. It's clear from that article that the county of Tipperary that exists in the common imagination only took final shape after the abolition of Cross (i.e. 1621). It was then split in 1836. So it really only existed in "traditional form for a little over 200 years. Is that enough for the status of "traditional"? So there is no difference between counties like Coleraine and Lecale and counties like Dublin and Tipperary. Unless you're saying that there are degrees of traditionality. Is that what you're saying? Is the central point here that are of they are no longer used to demarcate an area of local government? If so, then all fail the test - they are all "former". For what other purpose did a county ever serve? If it no longer fulfils its defining function, can it really be said to be current? Laurel Lodged (talk) 19:20, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * In "the common imagination" the 32 counties ar the traditional counties. We can't change that, so it's pointless to argue about it.
 * This template is for the current counties of Ireland. That means the traditional 32 counties alongside North Tipperary, South Tipperary, Dún Laoghaire, Fingal and South Dublin. ~Asarlaí 04:32, 5 February 2012 (UTC)
 * It's not my intention here to change anything. I do not propose to engage in OR. However, I must respectfully point out that there is a contradiction in what you have written above. On the one hand you write that the template is "for the current counties of Ireland". I support this. And you have also written higher up that "this isn't a template for former counties". Again, I can support that position. You go on to list examples of former counties. Again, I agreed with the samples supplied. The contradiction arises in your definition of "former". Whereas I had written that it encompassed those counties that were "legal counties" - and you appeared to agree with that definition - you seem to have substituted a different definition for "former" - that of "traditional". This contradiction seems to be the nub of the issue. In my view, it would be a mistake to use "traditional" as the test of "former". This is because the phrase is subjective and capable of differing interpretations depending on who's speaking and in what context. Legal, on the other hand, is capable of objective examination and verification; a county is either used to demarcate an area of local government (outside of the cities) in law or it is not not. Using this simple test, Tipperary and Dublin must be excluded along with the cities. Laurel Lodged (talk) 11:57, 5 February 2012 (UTC)
 * If we remove Dublin and Tipperary then we'd also hav to remove Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry, Tyrone, Galway, Limerick, Cork and Waterford. None of thoze ar uzed for administration with their traditional borders. However, they still exist as traditional counties. ~Asarlaí 15:16, 5 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Wasn't this all settled on Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Ireland/Archive_14 in July 2011? It was a discussion on the county intros, and a long discussion on Traditional v. Administrative followed. The result was that for example, County Dublin's intro now reads "County Dublin (Irish: Contae Átha Cliath) is a county in Ireland." No mention of former or traditional. Same should go for this template. Snappy (talk) 15:47, 5 February 2012 (UTC)
 * @ Snappy: I'm not sure what your argument is, but if you think Counties Dublin and Tipperary belong on this template then we'r in agreement. ~Asarlaí 16:26, 5 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I think both so-called traditional and so-called administrative should be on this template. Snappy(talk) 16:35, 5 February 2012 (UTC)

Compromise proposal Retain all 32 counties. Delete all eponymous cities. Get rid of the provincial superstructure - it's only a cultural thing and never had any official recognition anyway. Replace it with a superstructure that divides counties into "Traditional" (or "former" or "non administrative" or "non current") and "Current" (or "administrative"). Any takers? Laurel Lodged (talk) 21:54, 5 February 2012 (UTC)
 * See Template:Counties of Ireland by category for my version of the compromise solution. Laurel Lodged (talk) 21:26, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Nobody agreed with your proposed compromise. The current version is the consensus version and is used on each Province article. Also, do you understand the concept of user space, or do you just like creating lots of duplicate templates? Snappy (talk) 21:29, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Always the bither word. Laurel Lodged (talk) 21:32, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
 * True to form, more personal attacks, instead of concentrating on this issue at hand. Snappy (talk) 17:55, 9 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Eh? I notice that denunciations of personal attacks by others on you, are invariably accompanied by personal attacks of your own making. The device would be more amusing if only it wasn't so overused. Laurel Lodged (talk) 22:46, 9 February 2012 (UTC)

I can see sense in Laurel Lodged's compromise and would back it as a compromise. Mabuska (talk) 00:16, 10 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't. The provinces ar the commonest way of grouping the counties and they'r still uzed across the board; by the government, by the general population and by all in-between. We can mark which counties ar traditional/un-traditional just by adding little symbols; no need for two long lists. I should also point-out that all the administrativ counties ar alredy shown on the other template. We don't need more repetition. ~Asarlaí 11:03, 10 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree, the template is primarily geographic in nature, its about the counties not the councils, no need to just hung up on the tired traditional/non-traditional argument. Snappy (talk) 18:41, 10 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree too. The counties are commonly and traditionally grouped by province. Whilst the cites have the legal status of counties, they are not regarded as such either in common usage or for geographic purposes, and their inclusion would mislead the reader. The current version of the template serves the reader well by setting the 32 traditional counties in the context of the 4 provinces, and the inclusion of the county subdivisions for Tipperary and Dublin has been achieved clearly without making the template over-large.
 * Laurel Lodged, your obsession with re-categorising and re-labelling the counties has gone on too long. After countless discussions over more than a year, it is clear that your views on the significance of the Eurostat and/or administrative status of counties do not have consensus. Please drop the stick before this tendentious editing gets sanctioned as disruptive. -- Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 04:26, 11 February 2012 (UTC)

 * What is the objective of this template. Is it to show the current counties? Looking for a simple answer here. Are there two types of counties Geographic and Local Government. DubhEire (talk) 12:10, 16 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Just to clarify my question, are there two different things here Geographic and Admistration that are called county and they can be confused together? For example County Dublin is a geographic area, but in that same physical space there are admistration counties called DLR, Fingal and South Dublin? DubhEire (talk) 12:26, 16 February 2012 (UTC)
 * (ec)DubhEire, simple answer is "it's to show both types". But that's an over-simplification, and a long answer is better. (Also, I wrote this in answer to your initial post, and before your clarification.  So it reflects the questions you asked first).
 * After several years of on-off discussions, I don't think there is a clearly-defined comprehensive consensus view on what constitutes a county in Ireland. However, I think your suggestion of "two types" of county is a good summary of the solutions which have arisen out of many discussions, and which have now stabilised in practice. But I do think it would be better to say that a county has two functions (local govt and geographic), because a) all counties have a geographic basis, b) all counties have at some point had a local govt role. In most such discussions editors have therefore referred to "traditional counties" (those which have existed since the 19th century) and "administrative counties" (those with a current local govt function). There is a huge overlap between the two sets: 75% of the traditional 32 counties are current units of local govt, and 82% of the 29 current local govt counties are traditional counties.
 * Laurel Lodge's oft-repeated view is that there are only administrative counties, because he believes that without an administrative role a county ceases to exist. That proposition has never found a consensus, but on the other hand I have not seen anyone arguing that the new administrative counties (N. Tipp, S. Tipp, Fingal, S. Dublin, Dl-R) are not counties.
 * This current version of the template template avoids either extreme definition. Instead of restricting itself to either only current administrative counties or only traditional counties, it includes both and clearly labels the minority which are either non-traditional or currently non-administrative. I think that any attempt to omit either perspective will end up misleading the reader, but I would not rule out the possibility of re-organising the template so as to display the distinction more clearly.
 * Please note that LL's prposed replacement template ({tl|Counties of Ireland by category}} has been deleted after a lengthy discussion at TfD. -- Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 12:49, 16 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks for that. I think there is confusion for the reader with the current template, I know it's trying to keep the common knowledge of counties with the current view of counties. It has taken me a while to get my head around it. I think we should be clear on what the current view of the counties of Ireland are to the reader and try not to confuse.
 * So, I went looking for references to tell me this within the articles we have and I found it hard to find any that are readily available. I wanted to be sure this information was correct as it is curious as to why we are trying to keep the current and the traditional together. Also to determine if there is a distinction of Geography over Administration.
 * I went to DLRCOCO and found this page interesting to read http://www.dlrcoco.ie/aboutus/ourcounty/ . It makes no attempt to refer to County Dublin, yet it establishes the geographic area that it covers. It is called a County Council and they have a section called Our County, which does suggest a view of being a county in its own right. But I'm finding it hard to find a reference that clearly lays out what the counties are today. This is confusing when it shouldn't be.
 * I'm thinking, Dublin City must state where it resides geographically, considering it is not a county, and this will clear it up for me, so this map http://www.dublincity.ie/YourCouncil/LocalAreaServices/Pages/LocalCouncilOfficesa.aspx, adds what now? Yep, it defines itself geographically and shows it's neighbours as Fingal, South Dublin and DLR. But this could just be simply as it is in the context of Administration and it doesn't say what county it is in.
 * So, still a bit confused, I think surely Fingal will fix this for me now. Perhaps someone has demonstrated this clearly. In fact they have a 'Where is Fingal' section. So I'm thinking, yes, finally, I am about to know for sure, see map http://www.fingalcoco.ie/YourLocalCouncil/AboutFingal/Maps/WhereisFingal/ . If you look at 'Fingal in relation to Ireland', the map shows a view of counties I haven't seen before. Now is this the present day picture of counties in Ireland, or have they got it wrong?
 * If the present day view of counties differs from the 'Traditional Counties', then this revelation should be given clearly to the reader in a simple manner to avoid any confusion. I think the current template requires someone to read between the lines to pick up the subtleties. But realistically this template is probably not used by many readers as most don't really know where to find these or what their purpose is. So the importance is in the Lists, Categories and Article Leads.
 * The Counties of Ireland article did help me get this a bit, but the map at the top contradicts the text that says the official view is 29 counties in the Republic of Ireland. This, I presume, was attempted to be cleared up with the section called 'Interactive map and usage' that tries to clarify this, but just adds more noise to the article making it more lengthy than it needs to be. Surely the article should show the modern view at the top and the history below, thus avoiding confusion and the belief that ROI is currently 26 counties and confusing DLR, South Dublin and Fingal as sub sections of Dublin.
 * Even with all that said, there is a hole in the geographic cover of ROI. Dublin City doesn't fall under a county and would then be countyless. Perhaps that is correct as we are just talking about counties, and there is an area that is not covered by a county.
 * So, now I am wondering where do I live? Is my address no longer County Dublin but instead County DLR? Let's not go Postal just yet.
 * DubhEire (talk) 18:31, 16 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I hope you don't think I was being smart above. I was just using a bit of humour. I'm sure you realise that, just keeping myself in check. Anyway, I think I will take some of this over to the counties of Ireland talk page, as it is more relevant there. I must say I did start out being confused and my objective is to ensure that the reader is clear from the start what the current counties are. I think bringing in the older counties and trying to mix them together confuses. DubhEire (talk) 20:27, 16 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Dubh, the question of what the current counties are depends on how you define a county. There are several different approaches, and choosing any one of them causes anomalies and omissions. -- Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 21:13, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Counties of Ireland


text: User talk:70.68.162.13

title: User talk:70.68.162.13


text:
Antoni Ponikowski

Antoni Józef Ponikowski (May 29, 1878 – December 27, 1949) was a Polish academician and politician who served as 7th Prime Minister of Poland in 1918 and from 1921 to 1922.

title: Antoni Ponikowski


text:
Neural circuit

A neural circuit is a population of neurons interconnected by synapses to carry out a specific function when activated. Multiple neural circuits interconnect with one another to form large scale brain networks.

Neural circuits have inspired the design of artificial neural networks, though there are significant differences.

Early study

Early treatments of neural networks can be found in Herbert Spencer's Principles of Psychology, 3rd edition (1872), Theodor Meynert's Psychiatry (1884), William James' Principles of Psychology (1890), and Sigmund Freud's Project for a Scientific Psychology (composed 1895). The first rule of neuronal learning was described by Hebb in 1949, in the Hebbian theory. Thus, Hebbian pairing of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic activity can substantially alter the dynamic characteristics of the synaptic connection and therefore either facilitate or inhibit signal transmission. In 1959, the neuroscientists, Warren Sturgis McCulloch and Walter Pitts published the first works on the processing of neural networks. They showed theoretically that networks of artificial neurons could implement logical, arithmetic, and symbolic functions. Simplified models of biological neurons were set up, now usually called perceptrons or artificial neurons. These simple models accounted for neural summation (i.e., potentials at the post-synaptic membrane will summate in the cell body). Later models also provided for excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission.

Connections between neurons
The connections between neurons in the brain are much more complex than those of the artificial neurons used in the connectionist neural computing models of artificial neural networks. The basic kinds of connections between neurons are synapses: both chemical and electrical synapses.

The establishment of synapses enables the connection of neurons into millions of overlapping, and interlinking neural circuits. Presynaptic proteins called neurexins are central to this process.

One principle by which neurons work is neural summation – potentials at the postsynaptic membrane will sum up in the cell body. If the depolarization of the neuron at the axon hillock goes above threshold an action potential will occur that travels down the axon to the terminal endings to transmit a signal to other neurons. Excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission is realized mostly by excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs).

On the electrophysiological level, there are various phenomena which alter the response characteristics of individual synapses (called synaptic plasticity) and individual neurons (intrinsic plasticity). These are often divided into short-term plasticity and long-term plasticity. Long-term synaptic plasticity is often contended to be the most likely memory substrate. Usually, the term "neuroplasticity" refers to changes in the brain that are caused by activity or experience.

Connections display temporal and spatial characteristics. Temporal characteristics refers to the continuously modified activity-dependent efficacy of synaptic transmission, called spike-timing-dependent plasticity. It has been observed in several studies that the synaptic efficacy of this transmission can undergo short-term increase (called facilitation) or decrease (depression) according to the activity of the presynaptic neuron. The induction of long-term changes in synaptic efficacy, by long-term potentiation (LTP) or depression (LTD), depends strongly on the relative timing of the onset of the excitatory postsynaptic potential and the postsynaptic action potential. LTP is induced by a series of action potentials which cause a variety of biochemical responses. Eventually, the reactions cause the expression of new receptors on the cellular membranes of the postsynaptic neurons or increase the efficacy of the existing receptors through phosphorylation.

Backpropagating action potentials cannot occur because after an action potential travels down a given segment of the axon, the m gates on voltage-gated sodium channels close, thus blocking any transient opening of the h gate from causing a change in the intracellular sodium ion (Na+) concentration, and preventing the generation of an action potential back towards the cell body. In some cells, however, neural backpropagation does occur through the dendritic branching and may have important effects on synaptic plasticity and computation.

A neuron in the brain requires a single signal to a neuromuscular junction to stimulate contraction of the postsynaptic muscle cell. In the spinal cord, however, at least 75 afferent neurons are required to produce firing. This picture is further complicated by variation in time constant between neurons, as some cells can experience their EPSPs over a wider period of time than others.

While in synapses in the developing brain synaptic depression has been particularly widely observed it has been speculated that it changes to facilitation in adult brains.

Circuitry
An example of a neural circuit is the trisynaptic circuit in the hippocampus. Another is the Papez circuit linking the hypothalamus to the limbic lobe. There are several neural circuits in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop. These circuits carry information between the cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, and back to the cortex. The largest structure within the basal ganglia, the striatum, is seen as having its own internal microcircuitry.

Neural circuits in the spinal cord called central pattern generators are responsible for controlling motor instructions involved in rhythmic behaviours. Rhythmic behaviours include walking, urination, and ejaculation. The central pattern generators are made up of different groups of spinal interneurons.

There are four principal types of neural circuits that are responsible for a broad scope of neural functions. These circuits are a diverging circuit, a converging circuit, a reverberating circuit, and a parallel after-discharge circuit.

In a diverging circuit, one neuron synapses with a number of postsynaptic cells. Each of these may synapse with many more making it possible for one neuron to stimulate up to thousands of cells. This is exemplified in the way that thousands of muscle fibers can be stimulated from the initial input from a single motor neuron.

In a converging circuit, inputs from many sources are converged into one output, affecting just one neuron or a neuron pool. This type of circuit is exemplified in the respiratory center of the brainstem, which responds to a number of inputs from different sources by giving out an appropriate breathing pattern.

A reverberating circuit produces a repetitive output. In a signalling procedure from one neuron to another in a linear sequence, one of the neurons may send a signal back to initiating neuron. Each time that the first neuron fires, the other neuron further down the sequence fire again sending it back to the source. This restimulates the first neuron and also allows the path of transmission to continue to its output. A resulting repetitive pattern is the outcome that only stops if one or more of the synapses fail, or if an inhibitory feed from another source causes it to stop. This type of reverberating circuit is found in the respiratory center that sends signals to the respiratory muscles, causing inhalation. When the circuit is interrupted by an inhibitory signal the muscles relax causing exhalation. This type of circuit may play a part in epileptic seizures.

In a parallel after-discharge circuit, a neuron inputs to several chains of neurons. Each chain is made up of a different number of neurons but their signals converge onto one output neuron. Each synapse in the circuit acts to delay the signal by about 0.5 msec, so that the more synapses there are, the longer is the delay to the output neuron. After the input has stopped, the output will go on firing for some time. This type of circuit does not have a feedback loop as does the reverberating circuit. Continued firing after the stimulus has stopped is called after-discharge. This circuit type is found in the reflex arcs of certain reflexes.

Study methods
Different neuroimaging techniques have been developed to investigate the activity of neural circuits and networks. The use of "brain scanners" or functional neuroimaging to investigate the structure or function of the brain is common, either as simply a way of better assessing brain injury with high-resolution pictures, or by examining the relative activations of different brain areas. Such technologies may include functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), brain positron emission tomography (brain PET), and computed axial tomography (CAT) scans. Functional neuroimaging uses specific brain imaging technologies to take scans from the brain, usually when a person is doing a particular task, in an attempt to understand how the activation of particular brain areas is related to the task. In functional neuroimaging, especially fMRI, which measures hemodynamic activity (using BOLD-contrast imaging) which is closely linked to neural activity, PET, and electroencephalography (EEG) is used.

Connectionist models serve as a test platform for different hypotheses of representation, information processing, and signal transmission. Lesioning studies in such models, e.g. artificial neural networks, where parts of the nodes are deliberately destroyed to see how the network performs, can also yield important insights in the working of several cell assemblies. Similarly, simulations of dysfunctional neurotransmitters in neurological conditions (e.g., dopamine in the basal ganglia of Parkinson's patients) can yield insights into the underlying mechanisms for patterns of cognitive deficits observed in the particular patient group. Predictions from these models can be tested in patients or via pharmacological manipulations, and these studies can in turn be used to inform the models, making the process iterative.

The modern balance between the connectionist approach and the single-cell approach in neurobiology has been achieved through a lengthy discussion. In 1972, Barlow announced the single neuron revolution: "our perceptions are caused by the activity of a rather small number of neurons selected from a very large population of predominantly silent cells." This approach was stimulated by the idea of grandmother cell put forward two years earlier. Barlow formulated "five dogmas" of neuron doctrine. Recent studies of 'grandmother cell' and sparse coding phenomena develop and modify these ideas. The single cell experiments used intracranial electrodes in the medial temporal lobe (the hippocampus and surrounding cortex). Modern development of concentration of measure theory (stochastic separation theorems) with applications to artificial neural networks give mathematical background to unexpected effectiveness of small neural ensembles in high-dimensional brain.

Clinical significance
Sometimes neural circuitries can become pathological and cause problems such as in Parkinson's disease when the basal ganglia are involved. Problems in the Papez circuit can also give rise to a number of neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's.

title: Neural circuit


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/WDRQ

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 04:56, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

WDRQ
A self described, within article, advert and fan cruft piece for, as it looks, "defunct" Detroit radio station, gives no history, no background, nothing pertaintant, other then the writers statement "this article is intended to solidify its place in Detroit's history.". --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 03:54, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Cleanup and keep - Article was created by a green newcomer, who isn't yet entirely familiar with our standards. The article has two articles that link to it already, and it can be salvaged. Let's try not to bite newcomers. – ClockworkSoul 04:00, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I wouldn't say that's biting the newcomer - it's a neutral and accurate assessment of the article as written. No vote yet. -- 8^D gab 04:05, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)
 * Oh, no - I didn't mean to say it was! (Sorry if it sounded that way). Let's give the guy the benefit of the doubt though, and see what happens. – ClockworkSoul 04:07, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Most newly created, somewhat obscure articles that seem non-notable don't already have links to them, which, I think, means this one has potential. Is that logo fair use, what's the policy for logos? --Dmcdevit 04:17, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Logos are okay. I just went and threw a Template:logo tag on it ("It is believed that logos may be exhibited on Wikipedia under the fair use provision of United States copyright law."). – ClockworkSoul 04:56, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Ahh... Thanks. I should really get to know these things... --Dmcdevit 05:01, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Fair use for our limited purpose of demonstrating what the logo of the station was. The law of fair use permits displays of copyrighted material so long as it for a primarily non-profit purpose (obviously this is), is primarily for an educational or research related purpose (both apply to us), has a minimal impact on the market for the copied material (what market?), and so long as no more of the copyrighted material is used than is necessary to fulfill the needs of the education or research at hand (for a logo, you really can't use less than the whole thing). My opinion is that we're safe. -- 8^D gab 05:02, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)
 * Keep All licensced radio stations are notable. Klonimus 07:05, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, promo, stationcruft. Megan1967 11:01, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to whatever the callsign is for the station that replaced it. I'm presuming they didn't tear down the building and put up a new station, this seems to be just a name change, just like it was called "The Light FM" before it was called WDRQ. --bainer 12:22, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. JuntungWu 14:00, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. So what do you guys think? I cleaned it up a bit, so is it ok now? Dirkbike 23:48, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Actually, in reference to bainer's comment, maybe Wikipedia needs a history of FCC licensed AM and FM frequencies. This would make it much easier for people to track who broadcasted over what channels. Dirkbike 23:55, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Format changes are common enough, but this one reads like the change at KMET.  At a major market, yet. - Lucky 6.9 06:15, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Major market radio station seems notable enough, Dmcdevit makes a good point also. Rx StrangeLove 03:18, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment When do these things get resolved? - Dirkbike 03:20, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/WDRQ


text:
Lupin Mine

Lupin Mine was a gold mine in Nunavut, Canada. It opened in 1982 and was originally owned and operated by Echo Bay Mines Limited, who in 2003 became a fully owned subsidiary of Kinross Gold Corporation.

The mine ceased production briefly in August 2003, but was restarted in early 2004 to recover old stope pillars with a reduced crew. The mine closed again in February 2005 and, in 2006, the assets were sold to Wolfden Resources Limited (later MMG, Ltd.) and subsequently to Elgin Mining, Inc. of Canada in July 2011. Elgin states that the mine is currently on care and maintenance due to the low price of gold, and that "The mill and all associated infrastructure was properly decommissioned and are in good condition for re-commencement of operations" should market conditions prove favorable.

During the winter, the mine is served by the Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road.

In January 2015 WPC Resources of Vancouver optioned the property from Toronto-based Mandalay Resources who had purchased Elgin Assets.

Climate
Lupin has a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) dominated by the cold and prolonged winter. Summers are short, but mild enough to bring it above a polar classification.

title: Lupin Mine