text:
User talk:MathMartin/Archive1

Welcome!
I realise this is a bit belated, but I just wanted to welcome you to Wikipedia, and invite you to join WikiProject Computing and  WikiProject Mathematics if you have not already done so. I also have a strong interest (and a degree) in both computer science and math, and I invite you to drop me any questions you might have, or to mercilessly assault any of the pages listed on my user page. Thanks for editing, and I hope you've come to stay. Deco 00:05, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Discrete
You wrote:

 * I am pretty sure (albeit have no prove or reference) that all problems in a small event space can be treated combinatoricly or by counting. Why do you think a small event space is called discrete ?

But the Poisson distribution is a discrete distribution. Showing how it arises as a limit of binomial distributions is not just counting. Michael Hardy 23:55, 9 Nov 2003 (UTC)

You also asked:

 * Why do you think a small event space is called discrete ?

This seems to presuppose that "discrete" means "pertaining to combinatorial enumeration". I am surprised; I didn't know some people thought it meant only that. Discrete topological spaces are called discrete topological spaces for reasons clearly in conflict with such a presupposition, and yet the name "discrete" obviously fits them very well. What about discrete probability distributions that assign positive probability to every rational number? The obviously exist and they are obviously discrete, since all of the probability is accounted for by point-masses, but how would one justify a claim that the reason they're called "discrete" has something to do with combinatorial enumeration? Michael Hardy 03:32, 11 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * This seems to presuppose that "discrete" means "pertaining to combinatorial enumeration".

I think this is the meaning of discrete. Discrete math as the science of counting as opposed to continouus math using analysis.

 * What about discrete probability distributions that assign positive probability to every rational number? The obviously exist and they are obviously discrete, since all of the probability is accounted for by point-masses, but how would one justify a claim that the reason they're called "discrete" has something to do with combinatorial enumeration?

To justify my claim, you would have to show me a problem in a discrete space, and I would point out to you (hopefully) that the method used in solving the problem are combinatorically in nature. So discrete by your definition means 'point-masses' ? I think discrete means countable.

 * Discrete topological spaces are called discrete topological spaces for reasons clearly in conflict with such a presupposition, and yet the name "discrete" obviously fits them very well.

I can't really comment on this. I have looked it up but it seems to me 'discrete' there has a different meaning.

In any case there is a certain difference between working in a discrete probability space as opposed to working in a continouus one. And the difference in the space should lead to a difference in the mathematics used when working in the space.

How would you characterize the mathematics used in a discrete space as opposed to those used in a continouus one ?

On a side note how do you automatically insert the date like '23:55, 9 Nov 2003 (UTC)' ? User:MathMartin

 * Signature with date and time is done with ~ (quadruple tilde). --Zundark 20:13, 14 Nov 2003 (UTC)

What I was trying to say is this:

 * finite probability space -> mainly combinatorics
 * countable but not finite -> ???
 * uncountable probability-space -> mainly measure theory

countable (finite and non finite) probability spaces are called discrete, uncountable probability-spaces are called continouus.

Do you agree on this categorization ? MathMartin 23:07, 14 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Curves
Hello. I appreciate your message. I'm not interested, however, in contributing to the mathematics articles anymore. I have philosophic disagreements with some editors and have found working with some of them to be unrewarding (I'm probably too "old school" to write wiki articles in my professional field, so I've chosen to write about topics are purely hobbies). But I wish you luck. You're certainly welcome, of course, to do whatever you please with my previous contributions. Best wishes. -- Decumanus | Talk 22:07, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

typo?
Hello. The "typo" you fixed in Cauchy-Schwarz inequality was not a typo; it was correct as it stood and you made in incorrect. Sometimes you need to be careful. Michael Hardy 22:55, 18 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Ok, next time I try to be more careful.

MathMartin 23:06, 18 May 2004 (UTC)

 * ''I thought it was good style in English to capitalize the headlines ?

MathMartin 23:15, 18 May 2004 (UTC)''

It's not conventional on Wikipedia. I'll find the page with that convention; stand by .... Michael Hardy 23:54, 18 May 2004 (UTC)

OK, here it is: Manual_of_Style_(headings). Michael Hardy 23:56, 18 May 2004 (UTC)

Replied on my talk page. Dysprosia 00:08, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

Style
Thank you for the vote of confidence.

In several articles on combinatorics I've written " In combinatorial mathematics ". Maybe " In the mathematical discipline of linear algebra, a triangular matrix is ..." would be a good way to express what you have in mind. Michael Hardy 20:00, 1 Jul 2004 (UTC)

named for vs. named after
Hi Michael, I have a short question on English language. Whats the difference between the following two phrases ?

 * 1) The theorem is named after Michael Hardy
 * 2) The theorem is named for Michael Hardy

Thanks. MathMartin 15:02, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Not sure, except that the second is a bit alien to me. Michael Hardy 18:36, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * To clarify further for you and any other non-native English speakers: Both forms are used. This may be merely regional or personal variation in dialect or idiolect.  Either will be understood.  (I learned "named after" as a child, and "named for" has always been slightly alien to me.)  In some articles, I've written named in honor of.  Michael Hardy 18:58, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree with Michael: "after" is more common and seems more natural to me, but "for" is perfectly acceptable.  Adking80 02:00, 26 Mar 2005 (UTC)

imaginary unit
Hello. I've just written it like this:

 * $$e^{it}=\cos(t)+i\sin(t).$$

Michael Hardy 16:32, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Diff. Geom. of curves
Re: your post on my talk page. Hi. In my experience (international: math work in the UK and USA), one uses $$\to$$ when talking about a mapping between two domains and one uses $$\mapsto$$ to signify what the mapping does to a particular element, e.g. the square function
 * $$\mathrm{sq}:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R$$
 * $$x\mapsto x^2.$$

I'm almost certain this is the convention for these things, but I'm a little fuzzy on that at the moment. Best, mat_x 20:54, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I emphatically second the comments above (except that I'm not "fuzzy" about this point). Michael Hardy 22:19, 28 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Proposed TeX style guide
I think I could contribute a number of things to such a style guide, but I'm not prepared to actually start the thing. Michael Hardy 22:19, 28 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Nu as index
I'm afraid I disagree on this one. Of course a more experienced mathematically oriented reader will have no trouble whatsover in picking nu up as a subscript, but: i,j,k,s,t, or whatever, is much more lucid. Compare $$\sum_{\xi=0}^{\Xi} x_{\xi}$$ to $$\sum_{i=0}^{n} x_i$$.
 * it's idiosyncratic - no text I've encountered uses nu in this way. Using a typical subscript such as

 * it's not completely accessible to all readers, it may be jarring to inexperienced readers to have a Greek latter as a subscript

 * your statement that the "hierachy of indices" makes things clearer, may make things more confusing to some as well (ie "too many n's")

I don't know how we can proceed on this one. Dysprosia 10:47, 17 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * it's idiosyncratic - no text I've encountered uses nu in this way. Using a typical subscript such as i,j,k,s,t, or whatever, is much more lucid. Compare $$\sum_{\xi=0}^{\Xi} x_{\xi}$$ to $$\sum_{i=0}^{n} x_i$$.

I think the first example is a bit better (depending on the context used) but I agree the second example is more common. Even better than both would be
 * $$\sum_{n=0}^{N} x_n$$.

The numerical analysis script I am currently reading uses $$\nu$$ and I guess most numerical math text do as they need more subscripts. Have you ever seen $$\zeta$$ to denote the zero of a polynomial ? I think this is a similar case as the $$\zeta$$ is used because zero starts with z and in the same way if I do a sum I would use $$\nu$$ because the upper limit of the sum is denoted by n.

 * it's not completely accessible to all readers, it may be jarring to inexperienced readers to have a Greek latter as a subscript

This is true as I already admitted.

 * your statement that the "hierachy of indices" makes things clearer, may make things more confusing to some as well (ie "too many n's")

I do not understand how they make things more confusing. If you have two sums
 * $$\sum_{n=0}^{N} \sum_{\nu=0}^{n} a_{\nu,n}$$

and
 * $$\sum_{m=0}^{M} \sum_{\mu=0}^{m} a_{\mu,m}$$

the m's and n's provide a hint which subscript belongs to which sum.

As I already said I am not interested in reverting your changes so I see no problem. I even agree to your change on the polynomial page. But have a look at Newton polynomial (even on the off chance you would change the subscripts there). Do you really think in this case your convention would make the page clearer ? MathMartin 11:28, 17 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Replied on my talk page. Dysprosia 13:58, 17 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Chebyshev polynomials
Hi, we have met on a few numerical analysis pages. If you have any spare time it would nice if you could check Chebyshev polynomials and especially Chebyshev polynomials for errors.MathMartin 20:55, 15 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the hint; I am always happy to review pages I know (or should know) something about. Thans also for your efforts on interpolation and related pages. As you perhaps noticed, I made some changes to the article on Chebyshev polynomials (as always, feel free to revert), but everything was correct as far as I could see. I also looked at Chebyshev nodes (which you probably edited only after you wrote the above text) and made some minor changes there, but I want to go back later and make some more changes. In particular, it is not clear to me why you introduce pn, the polynomial of degree n which approximates a given function best in the maximum norm. -- Jitse Niesen 23:09, 17 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * PS: I forgot where you asked this, but do make the change from t to x. -- Jitse Niesen 23:16, 17 Sep 2004 (UTC)

I rewrote Chebyshev nodes but I am not really satisfied. Feel free to improve my notation. More generally I intend to rewrite most of the spline pages which are in a really bad shape and contribute to many article on numerical analysis in the next few weeks. As the material is new to me I will probably make some mistakes and often lack the necessary broader scope. It would be nice if you could keep a watchful eye on me.MathMartin 11:07, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * You seem to be writing faster than I can check! This is of course good as many numerical analysis pages are indeed far worse than I'd like. In my opinion, the main problem with Wikipedia is not that we don't have enough articles, but that they are not good enough, but that's another issue. I don't know that much about splines, but I'll do my best.
 * I made some changes in Chebyshev nodes. Two comments:
 * Where did you get the ||·||0 notation for maximum norms from? I'd use ||·||∞ (see e.g. Lp space), but perhaps I'm too theoretically minded. Similarly, for me the space C0[−1, 1] is the space of continuous functions f with f(−1) = f(1) = 0.
 * I removed the sentence "The Chebyshev nodes are important in approximation theory because when used as nodes in polynomial interpolation the resulting interpolation polynomial provides the best approximation to a continuous function under the maximum norm." This might be taken to imply that given a function f, the polynomial p of a given degree that minimizes ||f−p||0 is constructed by doing interpolation at the Chebyshev nodes, which is not true.
 * Hopefully, I'll soon find time to write a bit about the Lebesgue constant, which seems to be the thing you were leading up to. O yes, one last note: I personally think that references should be provided with every article, to help the reader and also out of honesty. You don't need to give a references for every statement (though I wouldn't mind if you did!). Cheers, Jitse Niesen 21:31, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Runge phemonena
Hi, I have a question concerning Runge's phemonena. When using Chebyshev nodes to interpolate a function we can minimize the interpolation error, but the interpolation error still increases when we increase the degree of the polynomial. Is this true ?MathMartin 19:58, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * That depends on the function that you are interpolating. There are continuous functions for which the interpolation error still increases with the degree of the polynomial when using Chebyshev nodes. However, for "suitably nice" functions, the interpolation error will go to zero as the degree goes to infinity. I don't quite remember what "suitably nice" is, but I think that differentiable (or maybe continuously differentiable) is enough. On the other hand, if you use equidistant nodes, the interpolation may increase even if the function is analytic. Groetjes, Jitse Niesen 20:33, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Different matrix notation
Do you know of any difference between the matrix notation

\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 5 \end{bmatrix} $$

and

\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 5 \end{pmatrix} $$

Which one is more common ? MathMartin 17:28, 25 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * As far as I know, there is no difference. I have no idea which one is more popular; it's just a personal decision which one to use. -- Jitse Niesen 17:54, 26 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * I believe that the square brackets are more common in applied mathematics such as numerical analysis, whereas the round brackets are more common in pure mathematics, e.g. abstract algebra. My textbooks seem to agree.  Adking80 02:00, 26 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Function problem
In computational complexity theory, "decision problem" is a technical term. Garey & Johnson, Computers and Intractability, page 13: "A decision problem is one whose solution is either "yes" or "no"." Papadimitriou, Computational Complexity, page 3: "REACHABILITY asks a question that requires either a "yes" or "no" answer. Such problems are called decision problems." Gdr 16:35, 2004 Nov 19 (UTC)

 * So far I agree on your definition of decision problem. (1) Do you agree that a decision problem is a problem with a 1-bit answer (if you call it yes/no or true/false does not matter)? (2) A function problem is like a decision problem but the answer is more complex. (3) So one could say a function problem is a decision problem with a n-bit answer. (4) Every decision problem can be treated as a function problem with a 1-bit answer. (5) Every function problem can be rephrased into n separate decision problems. MathMartin 18:12, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * (1) yes (2) yes (3) no (4) yes (5) yes Gdr 18:57, 2004 Nov 19 (UTC)

 * Ok, I think I understand. I did not meant to say a function problem is a decision problem, but is like a decision problem (only with a more complex answer). Is this our missunderstanding ? MathMartin 19:05, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Perhaps. Gdr 21:25, 2004 Nov 19 (UTC)

 * I think I've covered your disagreement on the decision problem page, coincidentally. I see you pretty much already have above as well. A function problem is simply a computation problem. If there is a function problem page, I suggest it should be redirected to the computation problem page and probably conjoined. I was going to suggest that you, Martin, work on the computation problem page since it's only a stub.Nortexoid 02:11, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 1000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Re: Categorization
You are of course right to point out that K-theory shouldn't be in a catergory and sub-catergory. (Even though it was already in both Algebra and one of its sub-catergory's, Algebraic topology). My reason for having it outside Alegbra was becuase it one of those areas that cut across several major branches of mathemetics, being related to algebra, geometry and applied maths through its uses in string theory. Consequently, I feel it should either remain in Mathematics, or be listed in all the numerous sub-catergories to which it could fall into. What do you think? 20:00, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC) (sorry, forgot to add that)

title: User talk:MathMartin/Archive1


text:
The Songs of the Kings

The Songs of Kings was a novel published in 2002 by Barry Unsworth that retells the story of Iphigenia at Aulis told by the Greek tragic poet Euripides.

Synopsis
The novel is set just before the start of the battle of Troy. The Greek army under King Agamemnon is stuck on the island of Aulis en route to Troy because of a mysterious dying down of the winds. The army is restless and rumor and gossip fly around seeking a reason for the becalming as the men gamble and squabble while they wait and Odysseus connives and schemes behind the scenes with the help of Chasimenos, Agamemnon's chief scribe. The king is slowly convinced that he must sacrifice his daughter Iphigenia for the gods to be satisfied and Iphigenia is brought to Aulis under the pretext that she is to marry Achilles, the Greek hero. Along with her slave, Sisipyla, Iphigenia arrives in Aulis and discovers the plot. Sisipyla offers to take her place but, at the last moment, convinced of her own destiny, Iphigenia sacrifices herself.

Analysis
The novel is seen as a modern take on the Greek legend. Writing in The New York Review of Books, Hilary Mantel says about the book on one level it is quite clearly, directly related to the present world situation: to wars and rumors of wars, religious intolerance, the power of the storyteller to distort, lose, bury the message.. In The Guardian, Alfred Hickling says that Unsworth has recognized the essential modernity of the various retellings of this story and, comparing the impatience of Agamemnon to wage war to the American war in Iraq, says that the novel e''ffortlessly proves that modern life is the stuff of ancient myth. We may no longer make human sacrifices, but we create plenty of media scapegoats. Unsworth's Iphigenia does not die to absolve her nation. She dies to save their spin.''

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: The Songs of the Kings


text:
QPM

QPM may refer to:

 * Quality protein maize, a high yield variety
 * Quantitative phase contrast microscopy, a group of microscopy methods
 * Quasi-phase-matching, a technique in nonlinear optics
 * Queen's Police Medal, awarded to UK/Commonwealth police officers
 * Questions of Procedure for Ministers, the confidential predecessor of the Ministerial Code (United Kingdom)

title: QPM


text:
Cadwallader D. Colden

Cadwallader David Colden (April 4, 1769 – February 7, 1834) was an American politician who served as the 54th Mayor of New York City and a U.S. Representative from New York.

Early life
Colden was born at Spring Hill in Flushing, the family home, on April 4, 1769, in the Province of New York. He was the son of David Colden and Ann Alice (née Willett) Colden. He was the brother of Alice Christy Colden, Maria Colden, who married Josiah Ogden Hoffman, Elizabeth Colden, who married Edward Laight, and Catherine Colden, who married Thomas Cooper.

He was the grandson of Alice (née Chrystie) Colden and Cadwallader Colden (1688–1776), who served as the Governor of the province of New York several times in the 1750s and 1770s.

He was taught by a private tutor and then provided a classical education in Jamaica, New York and in London. After returning to the United States in 1785, he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1791.

Career
Colden first practiced law in New York City, then moved to Poughkeepsie, New York in 1793. He returned to New York in 1796 and from 1798 to 1801, he was Assistant Attorney General for the First District, comprising Suffolk, Queens, Kings, Richmond and Westchester counties. From 1810 to 1811, he was District Attorney of the First District, comprising the above-mentioned counties and New York County. In his time as an attorney, Colden argued for the defendant in the seminal property case Pierson v. Post.

Colden was an active Freemason. He was the Senior Grand Warden of the Grand Lodge of New York in 1801-1805 and 1810–1819.

He became a Colonel of Volunteers in the War of 1812. Despite having owned slaves, in 1815 he became president of the New York Manumission Society, established in 1785 to promote the abolition of slavery in the state. He oversaw the rebuilding of the Society's African Free School in New York City. Later historians cited the energetic aid of Colden, Peter A. Jay, William Jay, Governor Daniel D. Tompkins, and others in influencing the New York legislature to set the date of July 4, 1827, for the abolition of slavery in the state.

Colden was also a member of the New York State Assembly in 1818, and the 54th Mayor of New York City from 1818 to 1821, appointed by Governor DeWitt Clinton. He successfully contested the election of Peter Sharpe to the 17th United States Congress and served from December 12, 1821, to March 3, 1823. He was a member of the New York State Senate (1st District) from 1825 to 1827, when he resigned.

After his resignation from the State Senate, he moved to Jersey City, New Jersey, where he devoted much of his time to the completion of the Morris Canal.

Literary accomplishments
A proponent of a national canal system, in 1825 Colden was commissioned by the Common Council of New York City, during the last days of the construction of the Erie Canal, to write his Memoir, Prepared at the Request of a Committee of the Common Council of the City of New York, and Presented to the Mayor of the City, at the Celebration of the Completion of the New York Canals. The work and its Appendix contain period lithographs of the canal construction and highlights of the "Grand Canal Celebration" in New York City.

Personal life
On April 8, 1793, Colden was married to Maria Provoost (1770–1837), the daughter of Rt. Rev. Dr. Samuel Provoost, 1st Bishop of New York and Maria Bousefield Provoost. Together, they were the parents of:

 * David Cadwallader Colden (1797–1850), who married Francis Wilkes (1796–1877), daughter of banker Charles Wilkes and sister of Rear Admiral Charles Wilkes.

Death
Colden died in Jersey City, New Jersey, in 1834. His body was removed in 1843 from interment in New Jersey and moved to a receiving vault in Trinity Church Cemetery in Upper Manhattan in New York City. The vault was removed in 1845 and relocated to a prominent spot in the cemetery's Easterly Division, where it overlooks a rural intersection at Broadway and West 153rd Street. By 1869, preparations to widen Broadway, where the road cut through the cemetery caused Colden to be removed to another plot in the cemetery's Westerly Division that was essentially forgotten until a local historian rediscovered it in July 2011.

title: Cadwallader D. Colden


text:
Eleanor Stackhouse Atkinson

Eleanor Stackhouse Atkinson (January 7, 1863 – November 4, 1942) was an American writer, journalist and teacher.

Marriage
Born Eleanor Stackhouse in Rensselaer, Indiana, she later married Francis Blake Atkinson, also an author. The couple had two daughters, Dorothy Blake (b. 1892) and Frances Eleanor (b. 1899).

Career
She taught in schools in both Indianapolis and Chicago. She wrote for the Chicago Tribune as a stunt girl reporter under the pseudonym "Nora Marks" from 1888 to 1890, and later became publisher of the Little Chronicle Publishing Company, Chicago; this published several of her own works, along with other educational books and the Little Chronicle, an illustrated newspaper intended for young children.

While she wrote both fiction and non-fiction, the former mostly romances and the latter mostly educational books, she is best known for her 1912 novel Greyfriars Bobby. This popular work recounted the famous story of the eponymous dog; most of the modern versions of the story seem to stem from her form of the tale. Many details of the book, especially those regarding the dog's master are inaccurate; until recently it was assumed that she had no opportunity for original research of her setting. It seems likely that she worked from the basic story and embellished it from her own imagination. The story, however, is lovingly detailed; the descriptions of the geography may be somewhat confused, but effort was clearly made to get names correct, and to get across the atmosphere of the city. Unusually for someone with no connection to the country, her portrayal of the local accent was convincing and strongly phrased; this suggests it is possible she picked up the story directly from Scottish immigrants to the Midwest.

 * "I wullna gang to the infairmary. It's juist for puir toon bodies that are aye ailin' an' deein'." Fright and resentment lent the silent old man an astonishing eloquence for the moment. "Ye wadna gang to the infairmary yer ainsel', an' tak' charity."

The book is often considered a classic, especially for children, and has been reprinted several times; it was the basis for the films Challenge to Lassie (MGM, 1949) and Greyfriars Bobby (Disney, 1961), although both of these postdated her death. Both films starred Donald Crisp.

Personal life
Blake's daughter, Eleanor Blake, wrote a detective novel, Death Down East (1942). Her son, Atkinson's grandson, was the movie and television actor Wally Cox. Her husband Francis Atkinson was a fellow newspaperman and opened The Little Chronicle Publishing Company with her.

Selected works

 * Mamzelle Fifine : A Romance of the Girlhood of the Empress Josephine on the Island of Martinique (1903)
 * Boyhood of Lincoln (1908) (also published as Lincoln's Love Story)
 * Story of Chicago and National Development, 1534-1910. (1910)
 * New Student's Reference Work for Teachers, Students and Families (1911)
 * Greyfriar's Bobby (1912)
 * Loyal Love (1912)
 * Johnny Appleseed: The Romance of the Sower (1915)
 * Pictured Knowledge; Visual Instruction Practically Applied for the Home and School (1916)
 * Hearts Undaunted : A Romance of Four Frontiers (1917)
 * "Poilu," a Dog of Roubaix. (1918)

title: Eleanor Stackhouse Atkinson


text:
Marshall Eugene DeWolfe

Marshall Eugene DeWolfe (September 22, 1880 – January 1, 1915) was the only child of future First Lady Florence Harding (then, Florence Kling) and her first husband, Henry Athenton "Pete" DeWolfe (March 4, 1859 – March 8, 1894). Born in Galion, Crawford County, Ohio, young DeWolfe was primarily raised by his mother; his father was a chronic alcoholic who was absent from the home for days at a time.

Those doing research on the Hardings, including John Dean and Robert Ferrell among others, have never been able to find documentary proof of a regular marriage between Kling and DeWolfe, leading some people to conclude it was a common law marriage—a form of irregular marriage contracted by habit and repute, which was not abolished in Ohio until 1891. The marriage between Kling and DeWolfe is otherwise attested by the papers from their divorce proceeding, which are on file in Marion County, Ohio. It is also possible that they had a regular marriage and the officiant who solemnized it simply failed to return the marriage certificate to the county, or the county clerk's office subsequently lost it.

A record of the issuance of a marriage license was printed in The Marion Star on January 31, 1880; and the January 27, 1880, edition of the same paper refers to a marriage having occurred at Columbus on January 22, 1880. The documentary proof of a regular marriage is the marriage certificate, which is completed by the solemnizing officiant and returned to the county clerk for recordation. The marriage certificate usually comprises the lower part of the same document as the marriage license, so if the certificate gets lost on its way to the county clerk the license will be lost along with it.

Following the divorce of his parents, Marshall was raised by his grandparents, Amos Hall Kling and Louisa "Louise" Mabel (Bouton) Kling, while his mother lived independently and earned an income as a piano teacher in Marion, Ohio. As part of the agreement with her father, Florence would not have a role in her own son’s upbringing. Throughout his life, Marshall used either his Kling or DeWolfe surname.

Florence Kling DeWolfe married newspaper publisher Warren G. Harding in 1891. However, Marshall remained under his grandfather's control and roof. While a room was set aside for him in the Harding home, Marshall never felt at home under his mother's roof, and never comfortable under his grandfather's strict control.

DeWolfe studied journalism at the University of Michigan from 1899 to 1903. While attending Michigan, he played football as a quarterback on the Michigan Wolverines all-freshman football team in 1899.

DeWolfe aspired to be a newspaperman like his stepfather Warren G. Harding. By all accounts, his relationship with Harding was closer than the relationship that he had with his mother. After his graduation from Marion High School, DeWolfe was given a job at the Marion Daily Star. DeWolfe eventually purchased a struggling newspaper in Colorado, moving there with his young family. The venture was unsuccessful, as was a later farming attempt, due in part to his alcoholism.

DeWolfe died of the effects of alcoholism and tuberculosis in Colorado on January 1, 1915, at the age of 34. He is buried in an unmarked grave in the DeWolfe family plot in Marion Cemetery.

DeWolfe married Esther Naomi Neely. Their son, George Warren DeWolfe (1914–1968), and daughter, Eugenia DeWolfe (1911–1978), were the principal heirs to the estate left by their grandmother, Florence Harding, following her death on November 21, 1924.

When Warren G. Harding ran for President in 1920, his wife skillfully bluffed reporters into believing that she had been a widow, not a divorcee, when they married. When she became First Lady, her ex-husband and son were forbidden topics at the White House and in the press.

title: Marshall Eugene DeWolfe


text: User talk:129.210.139.93

title: User talk:129.210.139.93


text:
Singles (Suede album)

Singles is a compilation album by English alternative rock band Suede, consisting of all of the band's singles over the course of their recording career from 1992 to 2003.

The album also contains two new songs: the single released from this compilation, "Attitude", and "Love the Way You Love". Also, the song "Trash" is an alternative version.

Asian limited edition bonus VCD
Live performance recording from Suede's Up Close and Personal tour in Singapore on 15 August 2002.

 * 1) "Positivity"
 * 2) "The Wild Ones"
 * 3) "Untitled"
 * 4) "When the Rain Falls"
 * 5) "Oceans"
 * 6) "Trash"
 * 7) "Lazy"
 * 8) "The Power"
 * 9) "She's in Fashion"

title: Singles (Suede album)


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Let Them Eat Cake (TV series)

Let Them Eat Cake is a British sitcom that aired on BBC One in 1999. Starring Dawn French and Jennifer Saunders, it is one of the few programmes in which French and Saunders have both appeared which they did not create themselves.

Plot
It is 1782, seven years before the French Revolution. The most reviled woman in France is the ambitious and immoral Comtesse de Vache, who stalks the halls of the Palace of Versailles, spreading terror into the hearts of her fellow aristocrats by gathering their darkest and most intimate secrets. The Comtesse's servants are her maid, former sex worker Lisette, and her flamboyantly gay couturier, Bouffant. Her constant rival is Madame de Plonge, who is accompanied by her naïve yet sharp-witted daughter, Eveline.

Cast
Steadman was credited as a "special guest star" despite appearing in four of the six episodes.
 * Jennifer Saunders as Colombine, Comtesse de Vache
 * Dawn French as Lisette
 * Adrian Scarborough as Monsieur Bouffant
 * Alison Steadman as Madame de Plonge (episodes 1, 2, 4, 6)
 * Lucy Punch as Eveline de Plonge (episodes 1, 2, 4, 6)
 * Elizabeth Berrington as Marie Antoinette (episodes 1, 4, 6)
 * Julian Rhind-Tutt as Marie Antoinette's Advisor (episodes 1, 4, 6)
 * Linda Spurrier as 1st Aristocratic Woman (episodes 2, 3, 6)
 * Maggie Whiting as 2nd Aristocratic Woman (episodes 2, 3, 6)

Guest stars

 * James Greene as the Comte de Vache (episodes 1 & 4)
 * Adam James as the Marquis de Bonvie (episode 1)
 * Philip Voss as Physician (episode 1)
 * Richard E. Grant as Monsieur Vigée-Lebrun (episode 3)
 * Maggie Steed as Madame Vigée-Lebrun (episode 3)
 * Kathy Burke as Cecile (episode 5)
 * Louisa Lytton as Little Girl (episode 5)

DVD releases
Let Them Eat Cake was released in Region 2 (UK) and Region 4 (Australia) on 5 March 2007.

title: Let Them Eat Cake (TV series)


text:
Talk:Access Point

An access point may or may not be just a router. It has the potential to be a router, switch, or relay node. I am not sure of the exact definition. Please update if you have accurate info. Who 21:58, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Access Point


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Emmanuel Bible College

Emmanuel Bible College is an interdenominational Evangelical Christian Bible college located in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada.

History
In response to a need for trained Christian leaders, the college was established in 1940 as a Bible school in Stouffville, Ontario by Ward M Shantz. It then shortly relocated to Gormley, Ontario. In 1943 the school was moved to downtown Kitchener, Ontario (now site of Centre In The Square on Ahrens near Queen Street) and then, in 1964, to the current location at 100 Fergus Avenue in Kitchener.

In 1982 the college received its accreditation by the Association for Biblical Higher Education, following the passing of a provincial Act giving it the right to grant degrees. This accreditation expired in Feb 2023, and has not been renewed.

Mission
Emmanuel exists to provide training in Christian discipleship and ministry to persons of all ages through both degree programs and nonformal training that includes online courses and certificates and regularly offered workshops under the name "Refresh". The college's mission statement is: "Through academic training and hands on ministry and service, Emmanuel prepares Christ followers who are committed to making a difference in their world."

Campus
The campus is currently undergoing changes, and consists of three main buildings.

 * J.H. Sherk Education Centre - named for Rev. J. Harold Sherk, a member of the college's original faculty
 * Edna Pridham Memorial Library - named for the college's first missionary, who died while serving in Nigeria
 * Warder Hall - named for Mrs. Maude Warder, a member of the college's original staff

Originally held in the basements of the Stouffville and Gormley Mennonite Brethren in Christ Churches, Emmanuel purchased a house on Ahrens St. in Kitchener, Ontario in 1943. The college met on Ahrens St. until 1964, when it moved to its location on Fergus Ave. with a newly constructed administration building. The Faith Missionary Church building was also sold to Emmanuel around this time.

Before changes to the campus began in 2018, the college also owned and used several other buildings on its Fergus Ave. property.

 * Ward M. Shantz Chapel - named for the founding President of the college
 * Ellis A. Lageer Administration Building - named for the college's fourth President
 * Emmanuel Campus Centre - originally named Edgewood Hall
 * Lehman Hall - named for an original member of the college's faculty
 * Wideman Hall - named for the college's second President

title: Emmanuel Bible College


text: User talk:216.100.134.198

title: User talk:216.100.134.198


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Anna Walker (television presenter)

Anna Walker (born 4 December 1962 in Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire) is an English television presenter who has presented such programmes as Wish You Were Here...?, Big Strong Boys, Holidaymaker, Garden Challenge, Garden Invaders and Tomorrow's World.

Early life and education
She attended the independent Mount School in York, followed by The British School in the Netherlands from 1979 to 1981. She studied Zoology at the University of Bristol.

Career
Walker hosted Good Morning Britain for TV-am for a short spell before joining Yorkshire Television. She co-presented Yorkshire Television's Calendar regional news magazine programme until 1989. Walker left Yorkshire Television to front sports output for British Satellite Broadcasting. When British Sky Broadcasting took over the company, many of its staff were made redundant and Walker undertook freelance sports reporting duties for BBC Television nationally, working on several events including the winter and summer Olympics of 1992. She soon moved to British Sky Broadcasting as a sports presenter.

In 2005, she appeared in the third series of the Channel 4 reality television show, The Games, where, as the oldest competitor, she finished 4th with particularly good performances in gymnastics and trampolining and good showings throughout, often just missing out on gold and silver placings by fractions.

Personal life
She married the businessman (Hugh) Will Herrington in September 1995 in Haywards Heath. She has three children, Sean (born September 2001), and twins India and Amber (born January 2004). Walker was also the maid of honour at the wedding of Catherine Zeta-Jones and Michael Douglas.

Walker is a Sheffield United football fan, and has been a Blade since the age of 10. She was introduced to the team by her father who was a regular at Bramall Lane as were his son and two daughters.

title: Anna Walker (television presenter)


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Carvone

Carvone is a member of a family of chemicals called terpenoids. Carvone is found naturally in many essential oils, but is most abundant in the oils from seeds of caraway (Carum carvi), spearmint (Mentha spicata), and dill.

Uses
Both carvones are used in the food and flavor industry. R-(−)-Carvone is also used for air freshening products and, like many essential oils, oils containing carvones are used in aromatherapy and alternative medicine. S-(+)-Carvone has shown a suppressant effect against high-fat diet induced weight gain in mice.

Food applications
As the compound most responsible for the flavor of caraway, dill and spearmint, carvone has been used for millennia in food. Wrigley's Spearmint Gum and spearmint flavored Life Savers are major users of natural spearmint oil from Mentha spicata. Caraway seed is extracted with alcohol to make the European drink Kümmel.

Agriculture
S-(+)-Carvone is also used to prevent premature sprouting of potatoes during storage, being marketed in the Netherlands for this purpose under the name Talent.

Insect control
R-(−)-Carvone has been approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for use as a mosquito repellent.

Organic synthesis
Carvone is available inexpensively in both enantiomerically pure forms, making it an attractive starting material for the asymmetric total synthesis of natural products. For example, (S)-(+)-carvone was used to begin a 1998 synthesis of the terpenoid quassin:

Stereoisomerism and odor
Carvone forms two mirror image forms or enantiomers: R-(−)-carvone, has a sweetish minty smell, like spearmint leaves. Its mirror image, S-(+)-carvone, has a spicy aroma with notes of rye, like caraway seeds. The fact that the two enantiomers are perceived as smelling different is evidence that olfactory receptors must respond more strongly to one enantiomer than to the other. Not all enantiomers have distinguishable odors. Squirrel monkeys have also been found to be able to discriminate between carvone enantiomers.

The two forms are also referred to, in older texts, by their optical rotations of laevo ( l ) referring to R-(−)-carvone, and dextro ( d ) referring to S-(+)-carvone. Modern naming refers to levorotatory isomers with the sign (-) and dextrorotatory isomers with the sign (+) in the systematic name.

Occurrence
S-(+)-Carvone is the principal constituent (60–70%) of the oil from caraway seeds (Carum carvi), which is produced on a scale of about 10 tonnes per year. It also occurs to the extent of about 40–60% in dill seed oil (from Anethum graveolens), and also in mandarin orange peel oil. R-(−)-Carvone is also the most abundant compound in the essential oil from several species of mint, particularly spearmint oil (Mentha spicata), which is composed of 50–80% R-(−)-carvone. Spearmint is a major source of naturally produced R-(−)-carvone. However, the majority of R-(−)-carvone used in commercial applications is synthesized from R-(+)-limonene. The R-(−)-carvone isomer also occurs in kuromoji oil. Some oils, like gingergrass oil, contain a mixture of both enantiomers. Many other natural oils, for example peppermint oil, contain trace quantities of carvones.

History
Caraway was used for medicinal purposes by the ancient Romans, but carvone was probably not isolated as a pure compound until Franz Varrentrapp (1815–1877) obtained it in 1849. It was originally called carvol by Schweizer. Goldschmidt and Zürrer identified it as a ketone related to limonene, and the structure was finally elucidated by Georg Wagner (1849–1903) in 1894.

Preparation
The dextro-form, S-(+)-carvone is obtained practically pure by the fractional distillation of caraway oil. The levo-form obtained from the oils containing it usually requires additional treatment to produce high purity R-(−)-carvone. This can be achieved by the formation of an addition compound with hydrogen sulfide, from which carvone may be regenerated by treatment with potassium hydroxide in ethanol and then distilling the product in a current of steam. Carvone may be synthetically prepared from limonene via limonene nitrosochloride which may be formed by treatment of limonene with isoamyl nitrite in glacial acetic acid. This compound is then converted into carvoxime, which can be achieved by refluxing with DMF in isopropanol. Refluxing carvoxime with 5% oxalic acid yields carvone. This procedure affords R-(−)-carvone from R-(+)-limonene. The major use of d-limonene is as a precursor to S-(+)-carvone. The large scale availability of orange rinds, a byproduct in the production of orange juice, has made limonene cheaply available, and synthetic carvone correspondingly inexpensively prepared.

The biosynthesis of carvone is by oxidation of limonene.

Reduction
There are three double bonds in carvone capable of reduction; the product of reduction depends on the reagents and conditions used. Catalytic hydrogenation of carvone (1) can give either carvomenthol (2) or carvomenthone (3). Zinc and acetic acid reduce carvone to give dihydrocarvone (4). MPV reduction using propan-2-ol and aluminium isopropoxide effects reduction of the carbonyl group only to provide carveol (5); a combination of sodium borohydride and CeCl3 (Luche reduction) is also effective. Hydrazine and potassium hydroxide give limonene (6) via a Wolff–Kishner reduction.

Oxidation
Oxidation of carvone can also lead to a variety of products. In the presence of an alkali such as Ba(OH)2, carvone is oxidised by air or oxygen to give the diketone 7. With hydrogen peroxide the epoxide 8 is formed. Carvone may be cleaved using ozone followed by steam, giving dilactone 9, while KMnO4 gives 10.

Conjugate additions
As an α,β;-unsaturated ketone, carvone undergoes conjugate additions of nucleophiles. For example, carvone reacts with lithium dimethylcuprate to place a methyl group trans to the isopropenyl group with good stereoselectivity. The resulting enolate can then be allylated using allyl bromide to give ketone 11.

Metabolism
In the body, in vivo studies indicate that both enantiomers of carvone are mainly metabolized into dihydrocarvonic acid, carvonic acid and uroterpenolone. (–)-Carveol is also formed as a minor product via reduction by NADPH. (+)-Carvone is likewise converted to (+)-carveol. This mainly occurs in the liver and involves cytochrome P450 oxidase and (+)-trans-carveol dehydrogenase.

title: Carvone


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Hypno-Disc

Hypno-Disc was a contestant entry in the Robot Wars TV series, and was one of the first robots permitted to use the kinetic flywheel weapon. Hypno-Disc's design, however, was somewhat basic, and its high ground clearance made it an easy target for robots armed with flipping weapons, such as Chaos 2. Hypno-Disc was the creation of the Rose family — twin brothers Derek and David, and their father Ken. It was the first competitor robot recreated in toy form when the Robot Wars pullback toys were released.

Series 3
Hypno-Disc's debut battle was against fellow newcomers Robogeddon. In the battle, Hypno-Disc hit its opponent several times, as the armour started buckling, then coming off completely. Further attacks damaged the wheels and weapon, as well as rupturing its canister, leaving the robot in a huge mess. The wheels were still turning, and the flipping weapon was still functional, but the wheels and tyres were so badly damaged and the chassis so deformed that they couldn't get any traction on the arena floor. Robogeddon couldn't go anywhere, so cease was called, and Hypno-Disc was declared the winner of the battle, putting it through to the second round of the heat, as the rising heat favourites.

In the second round, Hypno-Disc was placed up against another newcomer to the wars in Stealth. Hypno-Disc only began by landing scratches on Stealth's front, but then used a small spot in Matilda's CPZ to turn around and attack Stealth's rear. However, the arena spike caused Hypno-Disc to fly upwards, with its disc ripping Stealth's rear circular saw right off. From then on, all armour panels began to fly off Stealth after every impact from Hypno-Disc's flywheel weapon. Stealth then finally used what life it had left to turn back around again, but still had its flipper gaping open, Hypno-Disc took advantage of this and disabled the flipper completely, before cease was called. This comprehensive victory put Hypno-Disc through to the heat final. Hypno-Disc was then placed up against Berserk 2 in the Heat Final.

Berserk's armour was notably harder than the other two competitors and Hypno-Disc was only able to cause a few minor slices in the rear of Berserk 2. However, about halfway through the bout, Berserk 2 was flipped onto its side by an arena spike. Hypno-Disc righted the machine and went through on a judges' decision. However, there was a real scare for the future runners-up, as Berserk 2 had damaged the disc and Sergeant Bash had caused the robot to have blackouts. To make matters worse, Derek departed for America, leaving Dave and Ken alone to work for four hours straight in order to avoid disqualification. They nearly had to retire from lack of parts and time, but they brought their robot back to life just in time for the Series Semi-Finals.

Hypno-Disc entered the second of the Series Semi-Finals, and was placed up against Evil Weevil in the first round. In this battle, Evil Weevil lacked the agility that Hypno-Disc had, and couldn't bring its weaponry into effect at all. Although Hypno-Disc started tentatively as well. After merely scratching the surface of the armour with the disc, Hypno-Disc soon managed to cause proper damage, After slicing both antennae of Evil Weevil off, Hypno-Disc steered Evil Weevil towards Sir Killalot's CPZ, before it smashed the side of Evil Weevil, managing to break a wheel. Evil Weevil suffered control problems, as it could only turn around in circles after the slam from Hypno-Disc, and the house robots finished the immobile machine. This led to one of the closest battles in Robot Wars, as Hypno-Disc was put through to the second round of the Semi-Final, and was placed up against the experienced 101, this was to fill the final spot in the Grand Final.

In this battle, 101 drove in and pushed Hypno-Disc. 101 managed to stop the blade and drove on top of Hypno-Disc. 101 then reversed into Dead Metal and Hypno-Disc attacked it a few times, before reversing into Dead Metal itself. Hypno-Disc escaped and pushed 101 into Dead Metal. Both robots attacked each other and the fight ended with a pushing match. This was an extremely close match; for the first time ever, the judges emerged from their booth and studied the robots for damage, before eventually making their decision, which went in favour of Hypno-Disc, putting the newcomers through to the Grand Final.

In the Grand Final eliminator, Hypno-Disc was drawn up against original reserves for the Third Wars in Steg-O-Saw-Us. In the battle, Steg-O-Saw-Us drove in immediately and attacked Hypno-Disc's rear. Both bots drove into CPZs, and Hypno-Disc then attacked and ripped Steg-O-Saw-Us' side armour. Steg-O-Saw-Us tried to avoid Hypno-Disc's blade and it rammed it again. Hypno-Disc then rammed the rear of Steg-O-Saw-Us and managed to jam one of its wheels. Dave Rose regards this as the most difficult fight of the series.

Hypno-Disc was subsequently put through to the Grand Final, where it went up against Chaos 2. Chaos 2 had a fast start, circling Hypno-Disc, getting in a good position for a flip. However, Hypno-Disc seemed to be very sluggish and appeared to have control problems, but Chaos 2 decided not to immediately finish the battle and drove away. Chaos 2 then used its flipper unsuccessfully, bouncing and landing on Hypno-Disc's disc, temporarily stopping the disc. Chaos 2 managed to escape without any damage done, however Hypno-Disc was also able to get its disc up to speed again. However, as Hypno-Disc drove over the flame pit, Chaos 2 was able to drive in again and land the final blow, ironically, getting under Hypno-Disc to flip it over onto its back, and win the title. While Chaos 2 then took on the House robots, the defeated Hypno-Disc machine was dragged into the arena corner by Dead Metal, before cease was finally called.

Hypno-Disc won the award for the Most Original Entry that series, which turned out to be the only Robot Wars trophy or award ever given to Hypno-Disc.

Series 4
Hypno-Disc returned to the Fourth Wars as the number 2 seed. Since Series 3 the team had changed the size and shape of the teeth on the disc; they were now thicker and were designed to grip hold of whole pieces of armour and tear them off, while the old disc did fairly localised damage to tougher armoured robots. Then, they changed the wheels' colour to white, which was used by later designs of the machine. They also fitted in a self righting-mechanism after the final against Chaos 2. The Rose family (and the new disc) did not disappoint, as their first round melee battle, in the final heat of the series, which saw it go up against The Predator and Raizer Blade, was full of action. To begin with, Hypno-Disc hit The Predator's rear three times, ripping off its armour. Raizer Blade lifted Hypno-Disc, but the heat favourites landed back on its wheels. It hit The Predator again, causing the insides to start to fall out and even the battery. At the end of the fight, only Hypno-Disc was moving, but Raizer Blade was put through as well as it sustained less damage. Hypno-Disc's second round battle was against the substitute robot V-Max.

V-Max drove into Hypno-Disc's side, but the 2nd seeds attacked it and ripped off a side panel. Carbon dioxide was leaking from V-Max when Hypno-Disc attacked again. The substitutes lifted Hypno-Disc and pushed it across the arena, but lost its battery when it was rammed by Hypno-Disc again. V-Max was shredded to pieces and Hypno-Disc was through to the heat final, where it was placed up against Raizer Blade once again. After just a few blows from the disc, Hypno-Disc managed to immobilise Raizer Blade, but despite being victorious, they then caused more damage to the defeated machine; breaking off the whole top and side armour of Raizer Blade, this was then before Raizer Blade was ambushed by the house robots, and then flung by the arena floor flipper while Hypno-Disc stayed out of the way. This sent Hypno-Disc through to the Series Semi-Finals once more.

In the Series Semi-Finals, Hypno-Disc was placed up against the unseeded Splinter, in the first round, initiating what would arguably be Hypno-Disc's most famous battle. Splinter decided attack was the best form of defence and used its front scoop to deflect Hypno-Disc's spinning blade. It looked like there would be a major upset when Splinter grabbed hold of the seeded machine from the rear and pushed it into Dead Metal's CPZ, until Hypno-Disc escaped and came back on the attack. The blade created several gashes in the front scoop of Splinter, which seemed to be holding up well. But it then hit the flywheel at an angle, ripping it right from the front and leaving it hanging on by mere threads. Hypno-Disc then tore off the scoop completely before tearing off pieces of armour from the left-hand side. More attacks buckled Splinter's grabbing arms, and shredded the internal areas. Splinter was defeated, putting Hypno-Disc through to the second round, which saw the number 2 seeds get placed up against the number 11 seeds Wild Thing.

In this battle, Wild Thing tried to ram Hypno-Disc's rear, but hit the blade weapon and spun around as a result of the impact. Wild Thing pushed Hypno-Disc's side and rear but Hypno-Disc attacked with its disc, causing some damage to Wild Thing's wheels. However, the 11th seeds kept attacking, and pushed Hypno-Disc into Dead Metal. Wild Thing then lifted Hypno-Disc onto the arena wall before time finally ran out. The battle ended, resulting in a judges' decision, the decision went in favour of Hypno-Disc, putting the number 2 seeds through to the Grand Final once again.

Hypno-Disc was placed up against the number 19 seeds Pussycat in the Grand Final eliminator. Hypno-Disc went in as the favourites, but just one attack from Pussycat's blade damaged one of Hypno-Disc's wheel guards, jamming the wheel and leaving the robot with severe handling problems. Hypno-Disc was eventually pushed into the CPZ by Pussycat, and Shunt put an enormous hole in the disc with its axe, stopping the disc entirely and damaging the robot's gearing. Hypno-Disc was still spinning in circles at the end, yet it was still plucked up by house robot Sir Killalot, and dumped down into the pit of oblivion. This eliminated Hypno-Disc from the competition, and the damage sustained by it prevented it from being able to take part in the playoff battle against the number 30 seeds Stinger. Stinger was awarded third place by default, and Hypno-Disc placed fourth.

Robot Wars Extreme 1
Hypno-Disc's Mayhem qualifier battle was the Main Event of the second episode of the first series of Extreme, this battle was for a right to fight in the first annihilator of the series. The battle saw Hypno-Disc go up against Wheely Big Cheese and Ming 3. Hypno-Disc convincingly won the battle. It began the battle by tearing one of the wheels of Ming 3, before then putting several gashes into the sides and into the wheels of Wheely Big Cheese. Hypno-Disc dislodged one of Wheely Big Cheese's wheels, before then ripping a wheel clean off Ming 3, before then ripping off the other one. The Refbot then came in, counting out the immobilised Ming 3, and also counting out the limping Wheely Big Cheese, despite one wheel and the flipper still working. Hypno-Disc then held back, watching Ming 3 to be flipped by the arena floor flipper. Hypno-Disc moved in for one more slice at Ming 3, as Wheely Big Cheese tried to flip the wheel-less robot itself. Hypno-Disc then sat and witnessed the demise of Wheely Big Cheese and Ming 3, as both were sent down the pit by the house robots before cease was called. Despite this promising start to the series, Hypno-Disc struggled to make much of an impression in Extreme.

For reaching two previous Grand Finals, Hypno-Disc was entered into the All-Star Tournament in the first series of Extreme. In its first round battle, Hypno-Disc was placed up against Behemoth, and it was favoured to win. In the battle, the disc of Hypno-Disc couldn't cause any more than superficial damage to the World Championship runners-up, while Behemoth managed to push Hypno-Disc around the arena and into CPZs, even managing to avoid damage from the house robots, after they would always attack Behemoth whenever the competitors would enter the CPZs. Hypno-Disc was overturned by Behemoth at one point in the battle, and got to use its srimech arm for the first time at one point in the battle, but it had a mechanical problem late on in the battle, and was pushed, and left on the flame pit by Behemoth. Hypno-Disc was counted out by the Refbot, and cease was immediately called afterwards. This eliminated Hypno-Disc from the competition.

Hypno-Disc returned later on in the series for the Annihilator. It went in, going up against Splinter, Arnold A. Terminegger, Pussycat, Thermidor 2 and X-Terminator. Hypno-Disc was considered one of the favourites to win the whole annihilator, but its performance was similarly disappointing, due to all its competitors ganging up on it. In the first round, Hypno-Disc was immediately flipped by Thermidor 2 before it could get its disc up to speed, and was then continually axed by X-Terminator, Splinter and Arnold A. Terminegger, to prevent the disc getting up to speed at all for the whole battle. Despite this however, Hypno-Disc still scraped through to go through to the next round, due to Thermidor 2 breaking down, and being counted out by the Refbot. In the second round, Hypno-Disc failed once again to get the disc to anywhere near its full speed, and once again it took damage, notably from Arnold A. Terminegger and Sergeant Bash. However, Hypno-Disc had another lucky break when Pussycat knocked X-Terminator's removable link out, immobilising the recent Semi-Finalists. X-Terminator was counted out, flipped by the arena floor flipper, and Hypno-Disc survived to go through once again, although its movement was minimal by the time X-Terminator was fully counted out. Hypno-Disc had so far proved very lucky in the annihilator, however, Hypno-Disc was eliminated in the third round. Although the disc was finally up to speed in this round, just one hit on Arnold A. Terminegger was enough to knock the drive motors out completely, once again. The flywheel was still moving, but the remaining three competitors were given the opportunity to merely press the pit release button and push Hypno-Disc down into the pit of oblivion. After the pit release button was pressed, Pussycat pushed Hypno-Disc down into the pit, eliminating it from the competition, however, Pussycat was pushed in after Hypno-Disc, due to another light nudge from Splinter, although this didn't change the outcome of the battle.

Hypno-Disc also went up against German competitor Nasty Warrior in the UK vs. Germany vengeance battle, in the final episode of Extreme. Despite dominating its opponents, Hypno-Disc still lost the battle. Hypno-Disc was on top for most of the battle, causing considerable surface damage to the German machine, Yet Nasty Warrior kept moving. However, eventually, Hypno-Disc's drives suddenly stopped working. The disc weapon was still spinning, but Hypno-Disc was still counted out by the Refbot, and handed the win to Nasty Warrior. This was thought to be due to a splinter of Nasty Warrior's armour that Hypno-Disc had ripped off and had actually immobilised Hypno-Disc by getting into its system.

Unbeknown to most, Hypno-Disc also took part in a Wild Card Warrior battle in Extreme Series 1, where it went up against TX-108. Hypno-Disc started the battle well, creating a few gashes in the side of its opponent. However, Hypno-Disc suddenly broke down completely, just 30 seconds into the fight. It was counted out by the Refbot, and TX-108 was declared the winner. This made Hypno-Disc become the only veteran to lose to a newcomer in the Wild Card Warrior battles. However, this fight was never aired on television.

Hypno-Disc was also due to fight Razer as part of the People's Challenge during the first series of Extreme, due to both robots being dubbed as "the most destructive robot ever". However, as both teams did not want to risk their robot being badly damaged purely for the sake of entertainment, both teams declined, and the event never took place.

Series 5
Hypno-Disc returned for the Fifth Wars as the number 3 seed. Hypno-Disc's first fight of the Fifth Wars saw it go up against a 200 kg walkerbot called Black Widow. In the battle, after slowly seeking the spider based robot out, the flywheel weapon of Hypno-Disc tore several of the many legs off. The disc also became coated in fake webbing before Black Widow's mobility completely ceased, however the disc didn't slow at all. The Refbot eventually came in and counted out Black Widow, with its axe still swinging, and Hypno-Disc therefore advanced to the second round. In the second round of the heat, for the first and only time in Robot Wars history, the two seeds of a heat fought each other before the heat final, as the number 3 seeds Hypno-Disc was placed up against the number 22 seeds Atomic.

In this battle, Hypno-Disc was flipped over once by the previous heat finalists, before Hypno-Disc righted itself with the center mounted self-righting arm. Hypno-Disc then began to start performing as it tore off its opponent's weapon almost completely and put several gashes down the side too, Atomic 2 was immobilised, counted out by Refbot and Hypno-Disc went through to the heat final.

In the Heat Final, Hypno-Disc was placed up against the unseeded Bulldog Breed 3. In this battle, Bulldog Breed 3 was able to flip Hypno-Disc once, almost onto its back, but Hypno-Disc recovered and came back on the offensive. After a lot of slices into the Bulldog's outer shell, Hypno-Disc managed to rip out its safety link, immobilising it instantly. Rather than continue to attack the defenseless opponent, however, the Rose family pitted Bulldog Breed 3 to spare it damage from the house robots, and Hypno-Disc was put through to the Series Semi-Finals once more. This occasion was the first ever time that Hypno-Disc rammed an opponent down into the pit of oblivion.

In the first round of the Semi-Finals, it was placed up against the number 7 seeds Firestorm 3. In this battle, the two competitors circled each other without contact, but then Hypno-Disc moved in for a slice at the side of Firestorm 3. After just one hit from the flywheel, Firestorm 3 rolled over to the other side of the arena, with everything suddenly not working. Firestorm 3 was then counted out by the Refbot, and subsequently pitted by the House Robots, putting Hypno-Disc through to the next round of the Semi-Finals.

In the second round, Hypno-Disc was placed up against the number 11 seeds Dominator 2. Hypno-Disc managed to hit one of the wheels, immobilising Dominator 2 on one side. After a couple more light slams down the side of Dominator 2, the Rose boys held back their machine to avoid sustaining damage and Dominator 2's axe was still coming down, Hypno-Disc left Dominator 2 to be counted out. However, Dominator 2 was not counted out and the match ran down to a judges' decision, with Hypno-Disc merely sitting back waiting for time to run out. The crowd didn't like this and the judges described it as the most boring battle they had ever seen. Nonetheless, Hypno-Disc had earned its place in the Grand Final for the third time in succession.

In the Grand Final eliminator, Hypno-Disc was placed up against the unseeded Bigger Brother machine. Hypno-Disc completely dominated the battle, causing severe damage to Bigger Brother and destroying their flipper. Despite this, Bigger Brother kept moving. However, the battle suddenly turned when Bigger Brother went for the pit release button, as Hypno-Disc attempted to block and pressed it themselves. Hypno-Disc then remained fairly stationary, allowing Bigger Brother to then push Hypno-Disc onto the edge of the pit of oblivion, before then pushing the seeded machine in. This proved to be one of the greatest shocks in Robot Wars history.

Hypno-Disc was then only able to fight for third place, and this time, it was able to fight. In the playoff battle, many saw this as a rematch, as Hypno-Disc went up against Firestorm 3 once again. In this battle, the two competitors pushed each other around as Firestorm 3's flipper had been broken by Razer in their previous fight. Firestorm and Hypno-Disc both drove into the pit at the same time. The Judges called for a rematch, but Hypno-Disc had suffered technical problems; the disc and srimech were both working, but the drive motors were immobile and couldn't continue fighting. This meant that Firestorm 3 won the battle and came third by default, also meaning that Hypno-Disc finished 4th for the second time in succession.

Series 6
Hypno-Disc slipped another place to a ranking of number 4 as it returned for the Sixth Wars. In its first round melee, Hypno-Disc was placed up against 4x4, Granny's Revenge 2 and Barber-Ous 2. In the battle, 4x4's snagging cloth was unsuccessful in preventing Barber-Ous 2 and Hypno-Disc from doing damage with their blades, before long, 4x4 was immobilised, up against the angle grinder. Granny's Revenge 2 was set alight by house robot Sergeant Bash and destroyed by Hypno-Disc before it was counted out by the Refbot. Hypno-Disc then launched attacks on Barber-Ous 2, stopping the red and white machine in its tracks too, leaving Hypno-Disc as the last competitor standing. 4x4 and Granny's Revenge 2 had already been counted out, so Barber-Ous 2 went through with Hypno-Disc to the next round of the heat.

The second round saw a re-match of the Series 5 Heat B Final as Hypno-Disc was placed up against Bulldog Breed. In this battle, Bulldog Breed put up another valiant fight, almost flipping Hypno-Disc straight away, with only the disc keeping the seed on its wheels. However, after a few attacks, the number 4 seed left gashes in both side panels of Bulldog Breed and it lost drive to one side meaning it was counted out by Refbot. This put Hypno-Disc through to the heat final, where it was placed up against Barber-Ous 2 once again.

In this battle, Barber-Ous 2 was immobilised by the very first hit from the horizontal spinning disc of the three times grand finalist. Hypno-Disc continued to attack Barber-Ous 2, slowly edging it towards the pit, until it left several gashes in its opponent's plastic armoury, then, Hypno-Disc left the immobilised machine hanging over the open pit as Refbot counted it out, sending Hypno-Disc through to the Series Semi-Finals for the fourth time in succession. This proved to be Hypno-Disc's final victory in Robot Wars, as an unsuccessful run of battles followed.

Hypno-Disc was drawn up against the number 12 seeds Tornado in the first round of the Series Semi-Finals. As the disc weapon of Hypno-Disc couldn't make much impression on Tornado's armour, the two competitors spent the duration of the battle pushing each other around. However, Tornado had the pushing advantage, and controlled most of the battle. Hypno-Disc avoided the pit of oblivion several times during the battle, and held on to a judges' decision, but this control was not enough to prevent Tornado from taking a unanimous judges' decision. Meaning that Hypno-Disc was the loser's melee away from being eliminated from the competition, at such an early stage for the machine.

In this loser's melee, Hypno-Disc was placed up against the number 2 seeds Bigger Brother, the robot that defeated Hypno-Disc in the last series, and the number 10 seeds Spawn Again. In the battle, Hypno-Disc started aggressively, causing damage to both of its opponents, however its flywheel weapon hit the arena side wall after the robot ricocheted off Spawn Again, and the whole machine suddenly stopped completely. Hypno-Disc was later counted out by Refbot, just as Bigger Brother pitted the similarly immobilised Spawn Again, eliminating Hypno-Disc from the competition for good, marking the first time in four attempts that this robot failed to reach the Grand Final of the main competition.

Robot Wars Extreme 2
In the All-Stars Tournament for the series, Hypno-Disc was placed up against two robots it had fought before, Spawn Again and Dominator 2 in the first round. Hypno-Disc began the battle by slicing at Dominator 2, but it merely bounced off and not causing any visible damage. Then Spawn Again threw Hypno-Disc into the air, but then retreated to then slam Dominator 2 again, before being flipped by Spawn Again again. It then landed numerous blows on Dominator 2, but every time it just bounced off the bi-wedge shaped robot. The three robots met in the centre of the arena and suddenly Hypno-Disc conked out and its disc slowly ground to a halt. Spawn Again then flipped Hypno-Disc over and the Refbot counted it out, Hypno-Disc was then left to be pitted by house robot Growler, eliminating Hypno-Disc from the competition.

Hypno-Disc also took part in the Extreme Series 2 Challenge Belt Special to claim the right to face Tornado for the Challenge Belt at the end of the program. In its first round four-way melee, Hypno-Disc didn't last long, going up against twice heat-finalist S.M.I.D.S.Y., recent semi-finalist Dantomkia and Sir Chromalot. Hypno-Disc got one slice on S.M.I.D.S.Y. where it spun itself away without causing any damage, before Dantomkia charged into Hypno-Disc and pushed it into the CPZ and flipped it onto its back, propped onto the arena side wall, from which it couldn't move at all, or even use its srimech. Mr. Psycho tried to come in and attack Dantomkia, but couldn't move forward. This gave Dantomkia the opportunity to flip Hypno-Disc out of the arena, and it did so, just as the disc was spinning up to full speed. This eliminated Hypno-Disc from the competition; this was also Hypno-Disc's final televised battle.

Appearances in merchandise
Hypno-Disc has appeared as a toy three times, as a pullback, pitstop and minibot. Hypno-Disc has also appeared in four of the five Robot Wars video games, appearing in Arenas of Destruction, Advanced Destruction and both versions of Extreme Destruction.

title: Hypno-Disc


text:
User talk:Amigo de compton

Welcome to the Wikipedia
I noticed you were new, and wanted to share some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library

For more information click  here . You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Sam Spade 22:02, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Contribute, don't harass
User:Ken Bogan has just as much right to contribute to this project as anyone else. If an editor commits an offense against the project, then that is what matters here. If you would like to contribute, then you are welcome too. But please do not abuse this project in order to harass someone. Thanks, -Willmcw 22:32, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * Whatever users do in their private lives is their own concern or, if they violate laws, the concern of the police and the courts. We're here to write an encyclopedia. Help if you like, but please don't interfere, even with the felonious editors. Thanks, -Willmcw 06:12, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * No, I'm not worried in the slightest about editors raping other editors online. We are only concerned about how editors perform their job of editing. We are especially uninterested in playing games. Thanks anyway. -Willmcw 06:26, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)

Hi again
Hello, and welcome back to Wikipedia after vandalizing my page. You are welcome to stay if you stop vandalizing. What I don't appreciate about you is that you should not try to ruin my reputation, and don't put spam telling everyone that I rape people. Make useful contributions and enjoy Wikipedia, but don't harass. - Ken Bogan 21:10, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Amigo de compton


text:
Talk:Biomedical intervention for autism

Untitled
If you want to leave a message - and especially if it's obnoxious, identify yourself. --Leifern 22:09, 2005 Apr 16 (UTC)

Another terrible POV article on autism
I suppose it would be possible to make this article the main article on Biomedical intervention, but given the participants it would probably be better to nominate it for deletion instead. I suppose I await the response here before I nominate it for deletion. --Rdos 12:20, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

I second the mortion

 * Rdos, you have to learn to tolerate articles that contain content you disagree with, or are even offensive to you. I personally think the term "autism" is overused and covers a large array of conditions with differing etiologies. But you have to understand that by claiming that "autism" is not a disorder, you are offending thousands and thousands of parents who try - and often succeed - in treating their kids and bringing them back into the mainstream. --Leifern 15:23, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I do tolerate it if differing opinions are presented. This was not the case when I first visited this article. Also note that I created Causes of autism and Autism therapies and I did allow causes and therapies that I don't accept or believe in. The major concern of this article is that it is basically a POV fork. --Rdos 17:56, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

Liefern, you have to learn to understand that a site presenting itself as an authority needs to be neutral. Your dogma regarding offending parents who try - and often succeed - in treating their kids and bringing them back into the mainstream is unverified speculation and should be presented as such. You should be aware that you are offending thousands and thousands of autistic people and their parents who merely want scientific accuracy to prevail - not baseless conspiracy theories. (unsigned message left by User:81.187.175.66) 09:51, 20 April 2006 (UTC)
 * First of all, I am presenting the case for biomedical intervention as it is presented, not as the truth. Presenting it as "speculation" is false - there are plenty of verifiable cases of this actually happening. Your contention that the article is a POV fork seems to stem that biomedical intervention exists at all. --Leifern 12:24, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

 * The problem is that it is not presented 'as it is presented'. It is simply a series of unreferenced statements. Malangthon 03:13, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

Some say ...
Line 1: "and some say curing". Some say that the phrase "some say" should not appear in articles, and I am one of them. Appearing in line one is a little unfortunate. It may be my day to day activity doing what I suppose can be described as biomedical interventions (except when they are psychological, social or whatever) that makes me uncomfort able with any article that declares it is about them. "Treatment of autism" I could settle for. Midgley 21:27, 30 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Grammatically it should be "in" rather than "for", no? Midgley 21:27, 30 May 2006 (UTC)
 * What are you talking about? --Leifern 18:36, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

I reworded this to eliminate the 'they say' cliche but the point is still valid. In an opening statement an unreferenced synopsis of the article is common in WP but there should be follow-up in the article. There is none. Malangthon 03:11, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

Merger
This article overlaps with a huge chunk of Autism therapies. I'm not sure why the merge tag was removed, because it seems pretty clear that the section of that article needs to be merged with the entirety of this article. Whether the result ends up on that page or this one, probably depends on the resulting length. -- Beland 17:16, 21 July 2006 (UTC)
 * This is a subset of such therapies. There is nothing wrong with such overlaps, and they are quite commonplace in Wikipedia. Unless you can provide some other explanation than this, the merge tag should be removed. --Leifern 18:33, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

it's a complement therapy, it belongs to the therapies article.If all the redunduncies are merged thers not that much that would be added in therapies.Besides i don't think that the subject can be expanded substancielly.--Pixel ;-) 10:03, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * If you don't think the topic can be expanded substantially, you are hopelessly ignorant about this issue. There is an overwhelming amount of alternative, supplemental, and other therapies for this condition. Merging it is just an attempt at burying the information so that parents never hear about it.--Leifern 16:16, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

The merger would, in my opinion, eventually require a fork into two separate articles anyway, given the vast amount of information out there. So I disagree with Pixel ;-). Better leave it the way it is with synoptic overviews in each article.

By the way, ignorance is never 'hopeless,' since it can be educated. Stupidity, though, lasts forever. I do not see why we should be slamming each other. Shall we get back to the business of making a decent article and keep the personal abuse out of it? Malangthon 02:36, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

=Citations= This article has so few citations for its statements it could very well be a personal opinion of one person. I have added the temple for reference requests. Malangthon 03:04, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Biomedical intervention for autism