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Charlwood

Charlwood is a village and civil parish in the Mole Valley district of Surrey, England. It is immediately north-west of London Gatwick Airport in West Sussex, close west of Horley and north of Crawley. The historic county boundary between Surrey and Sussex ran to the south of Gatwick Airport. Boundaries were reformed in 1974 so that the county boundary between Surrey and West Sussex, delineated by the Sussex Border Path, now runs along the northern perimeter of the airport, and the southern extent of Charlwood.

Geography
A narrow ridge of Sussex Marble runs through the west of the parish, where it is followed for a distance by the Sussex Border Path. Elevations range from 60 to 140m above sea level. No dual carriageways bisect the area and London Gatwick Airport has its perimeter immediately to the south-west.

Before 1800
The village anciently lay within the Reigate Hundred. Its variant spellings from such medieval records as the Feet of fines include: Cherlewude (13th century); Cherlwude (that century and the next, when Chorlwode also appeared). After this Charlewood appears commonly in 18th-century records.

The place is not mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, and was probably a forest district of the manor of Merstham, Surrey which until shortly after 1911 reached into the parish. In the medieval period this was held by Christchurch Priory. About 1890 a vessel of Paludina Limestone (Sussex 'marble') was found on the estate of Mr. Young, Stan Hill/Stanhill, which the finders regarded as an ancient font, but which was perhaps a stone mortar. Charlwood Place is a 16th-century listed moated house situated on the northwestern perimeter of the village. The mother of John Pitseus, a recusant Bishop in France, lived there.

Sir Richard Lechford, following a Lechford owner of 1567, conveyed the manor in 1625 to Edmund Jordan whose family held it until 1759. A descendant, John Sharp, succeeded and held the property intact until 1806, when he sold the manors of Charlwood, Hook, in the parish and Shiremark in Capel to Thomas Kerr.

A historic cricket match was held in Charlwood in June 1741. This was Surrey v London and won by the county team. The match is the only time that Charlwood features in surviving cricket records.

After 1800
Total enclosure (of the common land) took place in phases: in 1843, 1844 and 1854, including of Johnson's Common and White's Common, once considered infertile land. Lowfield Heath was in the parish and was enclosed in 1846. Charlwood's cottage hospital opened in 1873 but was closed in 1911. Charlwood Boys' School was built in 1840. Charlwood Girls' and Infants' School was built in 1852 and enlarged in 1893.

Lowfield Heath School was built in 1868. Gatwick Racecourse, opened in 1891, after the closing of the Croydon Racecourse at Woodside, Croydon.

Pursuant to the intentions of the Ministry for Local Government, a move of Charlwood under the Local Government Act 1974 from Surrey to West Sussex was underway that year, which was prevented from completing by a further act of parliament in the same year – the Charlwood and Horley Act 1974 – to ensure it stayed in Surrey.

Governance
Charlwood is in the Mole Valley District which co-administers local services with Surrey County Council. Additional local amenities are provided, with Hookwood, by its (civil) parish council.

Lowfield Heath Windmill
Charlwood's western limestone escarpment is the home of this windmill, which was moved from the village of Lowfield Heath when it was threatened with demolition in the 1970s, part of which took place to that village to accommodate Gatwick Airport's growth.

Church
St Nicholas's is a Grade I listed building with intact Norman era stones. It has a particularly historically significant series of murals on the south wall of the chancel, contemporary with the south aisle which has been dated as c. 1300. These include scenes from the story of St Margaret and St Nicholas, amongst others.

Providence Chapel
Providence Chapel, a Grade II* listed building, stands on a lane to the north of the village. The weatherboarded single-storey building was re-erected there in 1816 after being moved from Horsham, where it served as an officers' mess during the Napoleonic Wars. It was used as a Nonconformist chapel for almost 200 years, but was put up for sale in 2012.

It was bought by the Providence Chapel Charlwood Trust and restored with the aid of a grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund.

Gatwick Aviation Museum
Gatwick Aviation Museum is located on the northwestern corner of Gatwick Airport. Started in 1987 as a private collection, the museum became a registered charity in 1999.

The museum has a varied collection of aircraft, aircraft engines and over 500 aircraft models, and also has displays and artefacts related to local aviation history particularly Gatwick Airport.

It had been in a planning dispute since July 2011 with Mole Valley District Council concerning permission. Since 2013, the museum has been run by a charitable trust set up by the original collector following his death, and the museum's planning permission was approved in 2015.

The museum and Central Sussex College cooperate to provide practical training for the students taking aerospace courses.

Park
The village is centred on the "rec", which comprises: a redeveloped children's playground, a sports pavilion, pitches of Charlwood F.C., who currently play intermediate football in the Mid Sussex Championship, and the Sunday side Charlwood Village F.C., as well as a cricket pitch used by Ifield Cricket Club.

In August 2019, YouTube channel "Bunch of Amateurs" began a series based around the Saturday football side named Charlwood FC Uncovered. The series follows the club and manager Peter Barkley and showcases what happens behind the scenes of a typical non-league English football club.

The village had its own cricket club, which closed in 2002. The ground is now used by Ifield Cricket Club.

Schools
The village has its own primary school, expanded from an infant school in 2016.

Charlwood is also home to the John Bristow and Thomas Mason Trust, which has its earliest origins in Charlwood's first school established in the early 17th-century, This building is still intact and owned by the Trust.

Shopping and social
Charlwood has a small number of shops and two pubs; The Greyhound' and The Half Moon.

Hotels
The village has two hotels in imposing buildings and numerous Bed and Breakfasts on its outskirts.

Stanhill Court was built in 1881 as the home of William Young, one of the six signatories to the formation of Lloyd's of London by virtue of The Lloyds Act 1871. The exterior is classic Sussex brick and hanging tile, while the interior is in Scots' Baronial style using pitch pine. The fireplace surrounds are of polished Charlwood stone ( Paludina Limestone / Sussex Marble) quarried on the grounds.

In 1986 the great-granddaughter of William Young converted the building into an 11 bedroom hotel. In 1992 Stanhill Court Hotel was leased to Antonio and Kathryn Colas who purchased it in 1994. In 1995 the owners were in dispute with the Parish Council over their proposals to build a two-storey extension to the hotel. The newspaper article reporting this includes a photograph of the owners standing on the staircase with an imposing stained glass window behind them. This window features the arms of the original owners. The hotel was subsequently increased in bedroom and function room capacity with the additional wing, and has been awarded an AA Most Romantic Hotel award. In 1998 the owners won a contract to host British Airways conferences. The Court was used in an episode of the television drama, The Bill.

The first owners of Stanhill Court were William Wallace Young (1826-1896) and his wife Frances Wallace Galbraith (1837-1919).The earliest newspaper reference to the Court is in 1884. This was a report on the flower and vegetable exhibition of the Charlwood Cottage Garden Society on 27 August. Mr W Young of Stan Hill Court lent plants and flowers for decorative purposes. In 1886 William Young wrote to the editor of the Surrey Mirror objecting to a requirement that the residents of Charlwood poll at Newdigate rather than at Horley as this would entail a seven-mile walk along muddy lanes.

William Young died in 1896, aged 70. His obituary read: “Died in New York on May 10. For forty years he had been well-known in the City where he had long held a prominent position at Lloyd’s, of which institution he was one of the senior members at the time of his death. He had sat on the committee for many years, had been a chairman of the committee of Lloyd’s Register, as well as being a director and chairman of the Bank of Africa. He had made his home at Stanhill where he devoted much time and money to the support of village schools, cottage hospitals, working men’s houses, as well as to the work of church restoration. He was also a strenuous worker in the field of education. He had been a governor of Dulwich College since 1872, and a governor of Cowper Street School. He was the author of a two-volume history of Dulwich College, issued in 1889.”.

In his Will, William Young bequeathed for life the use of Stanhill Court and the income of the residuary estate to his wife. On her death Stanhill Court and other premises in Charlwood and Newdigate were to be sold and the proceeds divided between his three sons.

For at least the first twenty years of the 20th century the Court, while remaining in the possession of the Youngs, does not seem to have been occupied by them. In 1901 Frances Young and her daughter Violet were living at Molyneux Park Mansions private hotel, Tunbridge Wells, with one servant, a sick nurse. In 1911 Frances was living at The Elms, Tittle Row, Maidenhead with servants. In 1901 Stanhill Court was occupied by Herbert J Robinson, Colonel commanding 6th Lancashire Artillery, his son and servants. There is a separate entry in the census for the lodge at Stanhill Court at this time. In 1911 Dania Hepburn, son of Andrew Hepburn, was living at the Court with his two sisters and servants. In 1919 Andrew Hepburn, a Scotsman who was a timber merchant trading with Natal, South Africa, as president of the Lowfield Heath, Charlwood and District Horticultural Society, provided a lunch at the Charlwood Show, though he was at the time absent on business in South Africa. At his death in 1933 Andrew Hepburn was resident at Lackford Manor, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk but was described as a former resident of Stanhill Court.

On the death of Frances Young, Stanhill Court was offered for sale in 1920. The notice of sale read: “Sale of Stanhill Court. A residential and sporting estate extending to 564 acres and including the modern mansion of Stanhill Court, comprising 5 reception rooms, 17 bedrooms and two bathrooms. To be sold with vacant possession.” The Court was offered for sale again in 1924, but only 30 acres of farmland known as "Barebones" was sold. In 1939 Francis Gordon Young (1871-1959), son of William Young, and his wife Elsie Evelyn Reynolds (1868-1957) lived at Stanhill Court with their servants. The earliest newspaper reference to Gordon Young and his wife living at the Court is in 1924. Gymkhanas were held in the grounds in the late 1940s.

SSSI
Glover's Wood, a Site of Special Scientific Interest is wholly within the west of Charlwood, and is noted for its bluebell displays in springtime.

Gatwick Aviation Museum
Gatwick Aviation Museum is on the north western perimeter of Gatwick Airport to the south east of the village.

Hookwood
Hookwood 51.167°N, -0.186°W is a clustered semi-agricultural 'village' in many contemporary definitions which is to the east starting at the southern tip of the A217, between Charlwood's centre and Horley. Hookwood Common was mentioned as 'still open ground' by the county topographer H. E. Malden in 1911, in the relevant Victoria County History. He also records that the misses Sanders who co-owned Hookwood House belonged to the old Sanders family of Charlwood. It is the most projecting settled part of the parish and its nearest amenities are equidistant, either those of economically important Horley or the smaller, more traditional amenities of Charlwood.

Russ Hill
Russ Hill 51.149°N, -0.241°W is the area to the south west, a semi-agricultural and semi-wooded upland area which has the largest hotel in the civil parish of Charlwood. Reflecting its woodland, the statistical area extended to Norwood Hill (see below). Together these outlying parts had a population of 416 across 8.63 km2 as at the 2011 UK Census.

Norwood Hill
Norwood Hill 51.177°N, -0.227°W is spread around a crossroads, closest to which is a pub. It is to the north and shares its single statistical output area with Russ Hill above. It has nearest access to the basic amenities of Charlwood in the same way, as well as the much larger amenities of Horley to the east of the parish in social and leisure and employment of Horley and the Borough of Crawley in terms of its economy other than farming and retirement properties which together accounted for a minority of the population as at the 2011 Census.

Demography and housing
The average level of accommodation in the region composed of detached houses was 28%, the average that was apartments was 22.6%.

The proportion of households in the civil parish which owned their home outright compares to the regional average of 35.1%. The proportion which owned their home with a loan compares to the regional average of 32.5%. The remaining % is made up of rented dwellings (plus a negligible % of households living rent-free).

Notable people

 * Donald Campbell, previous Land speed record and Water speed record holder, may have been born at, and certainly lived at, Povey Cross in Hookwood at the eastern end of Charlwood parish.
 * Sir Malcolm Campbell, racing driver and record holder, father of Donald, lived at Povey Cross House, in Hookwood
 * Charles Cardell, a pagan priest, lived at Dumbledene estate in Charlwood.
 * Don Charlwood, Australian-born author and aviator, visited the village during the war and discovered that his ancestors were buried in the cemetery there.
 * Phil Creswick, member of the boyband Big Fun
 * Trevor Grant, English first-class cricketer.
 * Billy Monger, British Formula 3 racing driver and TV presenter, survived a huge accident at Donington Park in Derbyshire in 2017, which lost him both of his lower legs.
 * Nicholas Sanders, an English Catholic priest and polemicist.
 * Barry Sheene, former British World Champion of Grand Prix motorcycle racing lived in Charlwood before his move to Australia in the late 1980s.
 * E H Shepard, illustrator of Winnie the Pooh, lived for a time with his sister in Charlwood.
 * David Sheppard, Baron Sheppard of Liverpool, Bishop of Liverpool, England cricket captain was brought up in Charlwood.
 * George Street, English first-class cricketer
 * Martyn Wyndham-Read, folk singer, collector and singer of Australian folk music.

title: Charlwood


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The Coctails

The Coctails were a musical group from Chicago, who formed while its members were attending the Kansas City Art Institute.

The band was active from about 1988 to 1995, with reunions in 2000 as the last band to play on stage at Lounge Ax before the famous Chicago club closed its doors; December 2004; January 2005 for the release of their Popcorn Box CD collection of rarities; and July 2005 for a tour of Japan.

Members
Members Archer Prewitt, Mark Greenberg, John Upchurch, and Barry Phipps were largely self-taught musicians who experimented with various instruments and played in a manner they described as the Chinese fire drill method, in which they rotated instruments during live sets. For example, though Phipps often played bass, he was as likely to play guitar, drums, bass, saxophone, or theremin.

Originally considered a loungecore band because of their name and because they covered some Martin Denny tunes, they considered themselves a garage jazz band. Unfortunately, when the lounge/easy listening revival bubbled up after the first Esquivel CD reissue in 1994, the Coctails—because of their name—were too-often presumed to be part of the trend. However, the foursome were always curious musical adventurers and eager for a challenge, and in their final years they explored avant-garde jazz and indie rock, so their stylistic changes weren't entirely due to being pigeonholed as musical lounge lizards.

The four group members were also visual artists, and using a printshop which was installed in their loft created their own Coctails' line of merchandise, including buttons, calendars, t-shirts, newsletters, and similar music giveaways. They even created their own line of stuffed dolls in the likeness of each band member. Later a line of 12-inch action figures of the band were produced in Japan by Presspop Gallery as well as a book of the art of the Coctails' flyers. At some point during a Coctails show, the audience would be served popcorn in bags (and sometimes boxes) imprinted with the band's images.

The band created their own vinyl only record label called Hi-Ball Records. In addition to issuing their own records, they released records by the Vandermark Quartet (featuring Ken Vandermark), Masters Of The Obvious, Dame Darcy, Evergreen (featuring Britt Walford of Slint), Log Letters (featuring Mark Greenberg from the Coctails), Dianogah (featuring well known poster artist Jay Ryan (artist)), Dump (band) (a side band by James McNew of Yo La Tengo), and Brokeback (band) (a project of Douglas McCombs, bassist of Tortoise (band)).

After The Coctails
Archer Prewitt currently performs solo and also plays with the Sea and Cake and Sam Prekop and creates the comic book "Sof'Boy". Mark Greenberg currently performs with Archer Prewitt, Eleventh Dream Day, and Candy Gold, and runs his own music-for-use company called the Mayfair Workshop. John Upchurch has played with Rachel's, co-owned and operated FireProof Press, and was on staff at Columbia College, Chicago (retired 2018). Mark and John recently collaborated on a CD called John and Mark's Children's Record, available on Tight Ship Records. Barry Phipps owns and operates Tight Ship Records and is the author of two photography trade books: Between Gravity and What Cheer: Iowa Photographs and Driving a Table Down, both from the University of Iowa Press.

In 2010, the band got back together to record Erik Satie's "Gymnopédie No. 1" for American Laundromat Records charity CD "Sing Me To Sleep - Indie Lullabies" which releases worldwide on May 18, 2010.

Discography
The Coctails albums and 45s included:
 * Hip Hip Hooray! LP (Hi-Ball)
 * Here Now Today LP (Hi-Ball)
 * The Early Hi-Ball Years CD comp (Carrot Top Records)
 * Long Sound LP (Hi-Ball/Carrot Top Records)
 * Peel LP (Hi-Ball/Carrot Top Records)
 * The Coctails LP (Carrot Top Records)
 * Live at Lounge Ax CD (Carrot Top Records)
 * Songs for Children EP (Hi-Ball)
 * Devo Corporate Anthem split 7-inch with Chrome Cranks (Insipid, Australia)
 * Wheels split 7-inch with Southern Culture on the Skids (Todd & Cheryl Records)
 * Working Holiday split 7-inch with Codeine (band) (Simple Machines)
 * Tardvark EP with Dame Darcy (Hi-Ball)
 * Why? 7-inch single with T. Lance (Telstar)
 * Powerhouse 7-inch single (SOL - Singles Only Label)
 * Winter Wonderland EP (Hi-Ball)
 * 3/4 Time EP (Hi-Ball)
 * Hello CDEP (Hello CD of the Month Club)
 * Let's Enjoy 10-inch EP (Presspop, Japan)
 * Popcorn Box 3-CD box set (Carrot Top)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: The Coctails


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Talk:Floor plan

split into two stubs
I've played around with the size and posistioning of the images as best I can, but I still think that its less than ideal. My proposed solution to this is to split the two stubs, one for the archeticural term and one for the electronics term, but I would like input into the new locations. The options are presented in decresing order of preference for me (ie. my first choice is 1, my 2nd choice is 2 and my third choice is 3). Thryduulf 21:52, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

option 1

 * the artichecture stub is moved to Floor plan (architecture)
 * the electronics stub is moved to Floor plan (electronics)
 * Floor plan becomes a disambig

option 2

 * the electronics stub is moved to Floor plan (electronics)
 * the architecture stub stays here and a link to the electronics stub is placed at the top.

option 3

 * the artichecture stub is moved to Floor plan (architecture)
 * the electronics stub stays here and a link to the architecture stub is placed at the top.

Merge
There's not enough detail here at the moment to warrant splitting up. So contrary to the above, I propose merging this article into the more general Plan view. - Sticki 22:05, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Split
I started with this article after plan view had been merged with floor plan, and after a great deal of stuff had been added regarding house plans. Because plan view is geometry related and is applicable to more disciplines than floor plans, I have split it out again and expanded it. It is still a stub, but is a good companion to elevation (view) and cross section (geometry). The lists related to house plans were so specific to that discipline, they needed to be removed from floor plan, which I have done. Perhaps there it can successfully become a larger article related to House design without bogging down floor plan. What floor plan could use is some history. Otherwise perhaps it just gets merged into Plans (drawings).--Jrsnarn 15:35, 20 March 2009 (UTC)

PNG
Keep in mind that the PNG file format is much more suitable than the JPG file format for floor plans and technical drawings. JPG is more suited for photographies.

US Floor Plan
I'm curious as to why clarification is needed (on the first floorplan example) to state that it is a U.S. floorplan. If it _is_ needed, I'm curious why the second isn't also listed as a U.S. floorplan example. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 157.201.198.48 (talk) 16:21, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

As no one answered this, I'm going to remove the "US" out of the first image. Greg Vernon —Preceding unsigned comment added by 157.201.198.129 (talk) 01:43, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

I added U.S. to the first floor plan again, as I think it's a very atypical plan for say, a European house. This is mainly because of the enormous garage attached to it, which is rarely seen in Europe (a.f.a.i.k. being Dutch myself) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.17.72.73 (talk) 21:37, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

How does the term 'line' fit into this?
I'm wondering why there is a redirect from "Line (building)" when the term line is not mentioned in the article. How is the term used, what relation does it have to the article? Rexparry sydney 03:24, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

Usually, when creating a floor plan several different lineweights are used, that's all I can think of. Greg Vernon

Height of Plane Cut-through
In the first paragraph, we see that "a plan is understood to be drawn at a particular vertical position (commonly at about mid-level between floors)." It was my assumption all these years that the cut is about belt-high. Am I wrong? Frunobulax (talk) 14:02, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

In the Netherlands architects commonly draw at a level of about 1 - 1.5m above the floor. Structural engineers on the other hand draw at the level of the floor, showing only the floor and the underlying structure. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.17.72.73 (talk) 21:42, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

 * The plan drawn by a structural engineer is refered to as a floor framing plan. Framing plans are almost different enough that any discussion on them could warrant a new article.  Framing Plans are drawn through the floor and only structural walls show up with in dark lines.  Other walls and features may be drawn in lightly or completely left out.

 * As an architect, the general rule is to place the cut somewhere between 3 and 4 feet (or 1 meter) which is fairly consistent with what I have observed. However, the architect has some leway with this height depending on certain special features of the building.  Also even at a standard 3-4 foor elevation, some things such as a window which might be 5 feet off the floor may still appear on the plan for practical reasons (i.e. the horizontal dimension may not be shown anywhere else).

 * So basically all that means I agree with the change from "mid-level" to four feet. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Fox69 (talk • contribs) 00:40, 7 April 2010 (UTC)

More "Complex" Floor Plan
The plans that we have right now are fairly simple, which is fine, but for balance I think we also need a graphic of a professional (i.e. construction grade) floor plan. If I have the time, I may offer one of my own (of an existing building of course; I don't really want to release any of my personal designs into the public domain). —Preceding unsigned comment added by Fox69 (talk • contribs) 00:45, 7 April 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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Merge from ichnography
Ichnography is an archaic term for a floor plan. It should be merged into this article. --Macrakis (talk) 05:21, 7 February 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅ Klbrain (talk) 15:58, 2 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Floor plan


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Bill Monbouquette

William Charles Monbouquette (August 11, 1936 – January 25, 2015) was an American professional baseball player and coach. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right-handed pitcher for the Boston Red Sox (1958–65), Detroit Tigers (1966–67), New York Yankees (1967–68), and the San Francisco Giants (1968). A four-time All-Star player, Monbouquette was notable for pitching a no-hitter in as a member of the Red Sox. He was inducted into the Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame in 2000.

Early career
Bill was born in Medford, Massachusetts, and attended Medford High School. He was signed as a free agent on June 21, 1955, by the Boston Red Sox at the age of 18.

Major League career
Monbouquette compiled 114 wins, 1,122 strikeouts, and a 3.68 earned run average during his major league career. He was also an above-average fielding pitcher, recording a .984 fielding percentage with only seven errors in 428 total chances in $1961 1/3$ innings of work.

Monbouquette was signed by the Boston Red Sox as an amateur free agent in 1955 and started his majors career on July 18, 1958. He won at least 14 games from 1960 to 1963, with a career-high 20 victories in 1963. An American League (AL) All-Star in 1960, 1962, and 1963, Monbouquette no-hit the Chicago White Sox 1–0 on August 1, 1962, at Comiskey Park; a second-inning walk to Al Smith was the only baserunner Monbouquette allowed. Monbouquette credited Red Sox pitching coach Sal Maglie with refining his delivery, enabling him to improve his pitching performance.

He also collected two one-hit games, and set a Red Sox record with a 17 strikeout-game against the Washington Senators in 1961. The record stood until Roger Clemens established a major league record with 20 strikeouts in a 1986 game against Seattle.

On September 25, 1965, in a game against the Kansas City A's, Monbouquette was the starting pitcher versus 58-year-old Hall of Famer Satchel Paige. Monbouquette threw a complete game for his tenth win of the season, but became the final strikeout victim of Paige's career in the 3rd inning.

After going 96–91 with Boston, Monbouquette was sent to the Detroit Tigers before the 1966 season. He also pitched for the New York Yankees and finished his career with the San Francisco Giants on September 3, 1968. He never made the postseason.

Monbouquette spent five years coaching in the New York Mets farm system before being named the pitching coach of the Mets in November 1981, joining new manager George Bamberger. In October 1983, the Mets relieved Monbouquette of his duties and announced that Bamberger, the manager, would handle both roles. Although Bamberger denied that there had been any conflict between the two, Monbouquette told The New York Times, "You can't have two pitching coaches on the same club. Two opinions could be conflicting. Maybe it was confusing at times."

Monbouquette was inducted into the Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame in 2000. He was a pitching coach for Detroit Single-A affiliate team, Oneonta Tigers. Bill was also once professional hockey player Wayne Muloin's brother-in-law. When people would ask him for an autograph, he surprised people because although he pitched and batted right-handed, his hand writing was left handed.

Illness and death
In May 2008, the Boston Globe reported that Monbouquette was suffering from acute myelogenous leukemia. The chemotherapy and drug treatment he received had the disease in remission, but he needed a bone marrow and stem cell transplant to be cured. The Red Sox, in conjunction with Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, on June 7, 2008, encouraged fans to enroll in the National Marrow Donor Registry at Tufts University in hopes of finding a suitable donor for Monbouquette and others suffering from the disease.

In 2010, the Boston rock band the Remains released a song, "Monbo Time", as a tribute to Monbouquette. The Remains pledged to donate 50% of the revenues they receive from sales of the song to cancer research. Boston Herald, April 22, 2010; nesn.com, April 14, 2010)

Monbouquette died on January 25, 2015, aged 78 at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. He was buried in Oak Grove Cemetery, Medford, Massachusetts.

title: Bill Monbouquette


text:
Belleisle Bay

Belleisle Bay is a fjord-like branch of the Saint John River in the Canadian province of New Brunswick.

Species of fish common to the area include, among others:
 * Yellow perch
 * White perch
 * Smallmouth bass
 * American eel
 * Lamprey eel
 * Pumpkin seed sunfish
 * Brown bull head catfish
 * Yellow bull head catfish
 * White bull head catfish
 * Southern channel catfish (a very rare catch in Canada)
 * Chain pickerel
 * Muskey (also rare)
 * Sturgeon
 * Stripped bass
 * Brown trout
 * Atlantic salmon

Geography
The bay is oriented northeast from the river, which it joins at the head of Long Reach, just south of the village of Evandale. Belleisle Bay forms part of the northern boundary of southern New Brunswick's "Kingston Peninsula", with the southern boundary being the Kennebecasis River.

Belleisle Bay has little current as it has few freshwater inlets and acts more-or-less as a lake in a glacial valley, framed by the low rolling hills of the St. Croix Highlands of the Appalachian range. Although the bay is mostly freshwater, the entire lower Saint John River system has a limited saltwater tidal influence resulting from the Reversing Falls. Its waters freeze completely in the winter months.

Measuring approximately 18 kilometers long by 1 kilometer wide, Belleisle Bay has several small freshwater streams, namely Kingston Creek, near the mouth of the bay, and Belleisle Creek at the head of the bay. A small wetland also exists at the head of the bay. The bay hosts a single island, Ghost Island, located between Elmhurst and Lower Kars.

The bay is located entirely within Kings County. The Belleisle Bay Ferry, a year-round cable ferry, crosses the bay between Earle Wharf and Long Point.

title: Belleisle Bay


text:
List of WBC world champions

This is a list of WBC world champions, showing every world champion certificated by the World Boxing Council (WBC). The WBC is one of the four major governing bodies in professional boxing, and certifies world champions in 18 different weight classes. In 1963, the year of its foundation, the WBC inaugurated titles in all divisions with the exception of light flyweight, super flyweight, super bantamweight, super middleweight, cruiserweight and bridgerweight, which were inaugurated in the subsequent decades. The most recent title inaugurated by the WBC is in the bridgerweight division in 2021.

Boxers who won the title but were stripped due to the title bout being overturned to a no contest are not listed.

title: List of WBC world champions


text: User talk:66.73.48.200

title: User talk:66.73.48.200


text:
The Everglow

The Everglow is the second studio album released by the American rock band Mae, on March 29, 2005. The album is designed as a storybook, including illustrations for each song inside the booklet. With its story-like nature, The Everglow is considered a concept album. "Prologue" and "Epilogue" have narrations by Charlotte Martin. The album was received positively, with 4 out of 5 stars from Allmusic, and 4½ out of 5 stars from Jesus Freak Hideout.

Special edition
The Everglow was re-released by Tooth & Nail on April 18, 2006, as a special edition. The re-release contains three additional tracks: the new song "Where the Falls Begin", a cover of the Beatles' "A Day in the Life", and a demo of "Suspension" featuring Kenny Vasoli from The Starting Line. It was packaged with a DVD that contained music videos, featurettes, live footage and photo galleries. The hand-drawn artwork from the original The Everglow album was recreated with a young actor on sets.

Track listing
All songs written by Mae unless otherwise noted.
 * 1) "Prologue" – 1:16
 * 2) "We're So Far Away" – 3:50
 * 3) "Someone Else's Arms" – 5:09
 * 4) "Suspension" – 4:00
 * 5) "This Is the Countdown" – 3:57
 * 6) "Painless" – 4:20
 * 7) "The Ocean" – 4:41
 * 8) "Breakdown" – 4:14
 * 9) "Mistakes We Knew We Were Making" – 5:07
 * 10) "Cover Me" – 4:34
 * 11) "The Everglow" – 3:28
 * 12) "Ready and Waiting to Fall" – 4:21
 * 13) "Anything" – 4:03
 * 14) "The Sun and the Moon" – 7:16
 * 15) "Epilogue" – 0:54
 * 16) "Where the Falls Begin"† – 3:40
 * 17) "A Day in the Life"† (Lennon–McCartney) – 4:40
 * 18) "Suspension"† (demo featuring Kenny Vasoli from The Starting Line) – 3:49

† Tracks added for special edition

Credits

 * Dave Elkins - vocals, rhythm guitar
 * Zach Gehring - lead guitar
 * Mark Padgett - bass
 * Jacob Marshall - drums
 * Rob Sweitzer - keyboards, vocals

Production

 * Ken Andrews - producer, engineering, mixing
 * Adam Ayan - mastering
 * Ryan Clark (musician) - illustrated
 * Asterik studio - design

Song meanings
During a performance at the Avalon Theater in Salt Lake City, Utah, on September 6, 2006, frontman Dave Elkins made the following statement before the band performed "Mistakes We Knew We Were Making" (transcribed from video previously posted on YouTube): I hope you know how much fun we’re having up here because of you guys. Well, this next song is a hypothetical story of a couple who falls in love; they’ve decided what they’re looking for and they find it in each other…and it’s very good, it’s very rewarding; but…well, not “but” but alongside of this, or as a result of this, an unborn baby comes into the picture before too long. And a lot of people have wondered and talked to us at shows, and I’ve seen it discussed on message boards and whatnot, and a lot of people thought this song is a story about an abortion or this song is a story stating us as pro-choice or pro-life, and that’s not necessarily the case here. What we’re looking at is the fact that as a result of this baby entering into the world, they find a love, these individuals, that’s more fulfilling and more rewarding, and more satisfying, than anything they had known up until that point. [Cheering] I think that it’s important that we understand that love is not always black and white like we’d like for it to be, and sometimes it’s very grey. Sometimes you have to make the difficult decisions. And sometimes you do have to try and fail, and fail and fail a few times before you can actually succeed and get the big picture. And I think that’s exactly what this song is really all about. And this song is called “Mistakes We Knew We Were Making.”

Artwork
The artwork was designed by Ryan Clark at Invisible Creature.

Awards
In 2006, the album was nominated for a Dove Award for Recorded Music Packaging of the Year at the 37th GMA Dove Awards.

title: The Everglow


text:
Talk:Your Hit Parade

Radio Piece
this radio piece has some useful info http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4608601 says Frank Sinatra was on the show, and (in an example of the trend toward performance over song that would kill the show) was one of the rare performers who sang his own song.

Note about Kelly Garrett
Anyone contemplating adding a link to Kelly Garrett should be advised that the article Kelly Garrett is not about the singer who appeared on the 1974 revival but is actually about the "Charlie's Angels" character. It might be possible to create a separate article about Kelly Garrett the singer, but based on what appears on her IMDB page:

http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0308153/

I question the need for such an article.

Rreini 01:57, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Hitparad4.jpg
Image:Hitparad4.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot 18:28, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Sinatraleaf.jpg
Image:Sinatraleaf.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 04:13, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Dday.jpg
Image:Dday.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 22:50, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Luckystrike.gif
Image:Luckystrike.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot 01:49, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Confusion regarding title
The second paragraph of the introduction says "there was no agreement as to what it should be called" when the show debuted. "The program's title was not officially changed to 'Your Hit Parade' until November 9, 1935." And yet, later, "Your Hit Parade began on NBC April 20, 1935". This raises the question of what the program called itself from April through November of that year. Can this question be answered? It would be better if this confusion were resolved. I suspect the name was Your Hit Parade from the beginning in April (if not yet copyrighted or whatever), but if not the original title should be provided, assuming there was one as one would imagine there was. Bret Sterling (talk) 17:38, 29 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Your Hit Parade


text:
Souter Lighthouse

Souter Lighthouse is a lighthouse located to the North of Whitburn, South Tyneside, England. (It was generally known as Souter Point Lighthouse when in service). Souter Point was the first lighthouse in the world to be actually designed and built specifically to use alternating electric current, the most advanced lighthouse technology of its day. The light was generated by a carbon arc lamp: first lit on 11 January 1871, it was described at the time as 'without doubt one of the most powerful lights in the world'.

After being decommissioned by Trinity House (the national lighthouse authority) in 1988, Souter Lighthouse was acquired by the National Trust, who now manage it as a visitor attraction with holiday lets.

Location
The lighthouse is located on Lizard Point, but takes its name from Souter Point, which is located a mile to the south. This was the intended site for the lighthouse, but it was felt that Lizard Point offered better visibility, as the cliffs there are higher, so the lighthouse was built there instead. The Souter Lighthouse name was retained in order to avoid confusion with the then recently built Lizard Lighthouse in Cornwall.

Souter Lighthouse is approximately three miles south of the mouth of the River Tyne. Some four miles or so to the north of the mouth of the Tyne is a sister Victorian lighthouse, St Mary's Lighthouse, on St Mary's Island. It has also been decommissioned, and is open to visitors. St Mary's Lighthouse can be seen with the naked eye from the top of Souter Lighthouse.

History
The lighthouse was a much-needed aid to navigation due to the number of wrecks on the dangerous reefs of Whitburn Steel which lay directly under the water in the surrounding area. In one year alone – 1860 – there were 20 shipwrecks. This contributed to making this coastline the most dangerous in the country, with an average of around 44 shipwrecks per every mile of coastline.

Construction
The lighthouse and associated buildings were designed for Trinity House by their Chief Engineer, James Douglass; its construction was supervised by on-site engineer Henry Norris. Alongside the lighthouse tower a number of other buildings were laid out around a quadrangle, including the engine room and boiler house, and five dwellings; all were built of rubble masonry, rendered with Portland cement. The contract for building the lighthouse and keepers' cottages was reported in March 1869 as being £8,000 and was awarded to the local firm of James Todd, after complaints that local builders had not had the opportunity to reply to tender as it had not been advertised locally. The foundation stone was ceremonially laid by Admiral Collinson's sister on 9 June 1869. Building works were completed in 1870, and the lighthouse entered service in January the following year. After completing this project Douglass and Norris moved on to the building of Hartland Point Lighthouse in Devon.

Electricity
Carbon arc lights for lighthouses were pioneered by Professor Frederick Hale Holmes, with experiments carried out in 1857–60 at Blackwall and at South Foreland Lighthouse (as described in a lecture by Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution). An initial installation at Dungeness Lighthouse in 1862 had proved problematic, however, with frequent failures of the lamps and machinery; so Trinity House carried out an extensive testing and selection process over five years (including comparisons with oil lights and examination of equipment in Britain and France) before finalising its plans for a complete purpose-built electric installation at Souter.

The carbon arc lamp at Souter was placed within a lens array consisting of a third-order fixed catadioptric optic surrounded by a revolving assembly of eight vertical condensing-prisms which produced one bright flash every thirty seconds. Its 800,000 candle power light could be seen for up to 26 miles. The optics were designed and built by James Chance in 1870.

In addition to the main light a red/white sector light shone from a window in the tower below the lantern, to highlight hazards to the south in Sunderland Bay (namely Hendon Rock and the White Stones); it was powered using light diverted (through a set of mirrors and lenses) from the landward side of the main arc lamp.

Electricity for the light was provided by two of Holmes' own magneto electric generators for which he took out a series of patents during those years. In normal operation only one generator was used, but in conditions of poor visibility both were connected to the lamp to provide a brighter light. The generators were driven by one of a pair of J. Whitworth & co. 5 nhp 'Allen' condensing steam engines. (Prior to being installed at Souter, the engines and generators were exhibited by Trinity House at the Paris Exposition of 1867.) The engines were worked alternately: one week on, one week off. Located in the engine-house, they also drove an air-pump to feed the pressure tank of a foghorn.

In December 1891 the lighthouse tower was painted with a broad red band, to make it more conspicuous during the day.

Foghorn
Holmes also designed a reed fog signal for the new lighthouse, sounded from a separate foghorn house (east of the tower) through a pair of vertical trumpets (angled north-east and south-east, facing out to sea). It sounded one blast every 45 seconds. Compressed air for the foghorn was piped underground from the engine room, on the other side of the lighthouse, where the air compressor was driven by a common drive shaft from the engines powering the magnetos.

A more powerful siren fog signal replaced the reeds in February 1879; it sounded one blast every minute. It required an additional and more powerful engine, which was installed in the engine room to drive the compressor for the new signal.

Conversion to oil
In 1914 the pioneering electric light at Souter was replaced with the latest type of incandescent oil lamps (i.e. paraffin vapour burners). At the same time Chance Brothers provided a new, much larger lens system: a bi-form first-order catadioptric revolving optic (a bi-form lens is double-height, containing two lamps, one above the other). At the same time a new lantern was provided, to accommodate the taller optic. Red shades were placed around the lamps, within the lenses, so that the light now flashed red, once every 5 seconds. The 1914 optic remains in situ in the tower; it weighs 4.5 tonnes and floats on 1.5 tonnes of mercury.

A separate lamp was used for the fixed red/white sector light, which continued to shine from its window lower down in the tower.

Having removed the two Holmes magneto-electric machines from the engine room, the Corporation of Trinity House presented one to the Institution of Electrical Engineers in 1915; it is now on display at the Science Museum, London.

The fog signal was improved in 1919 when a more powerful siren was installed, sounded through a pair of Rayleigh trumpets. (These replaced the twin Holmes trumpets formerly employed; the foghorn house was remodelled at the seaward corners to accommodate them). The siren gave a 4-second blast every minute. Hornsby oil engines were installed to drive the compressors for the new siren.

Reversion to electricity
In 1952 the lighthouse was again converted to run on electric power (this time using incandescent lamps, powered by mains electricity). The 4,500W bulbs used for the main light were the largest in the Trinity House service. Should the electricity supply fail, a diesel generator would be engaged (and in the event that it too were to fail, an additional emergency battery lamp would be engaged). The mechanism which turned the lenses continued to be driven by clockwork at this time, until 1983 when it was replaced by a pair of electric motors.

The fog signal was upgraded in 1953: a Stone Chance diaphone signal was installed and a pair of exponential horns replaced the Rayleigh Trumpets on top of the foghorn building. At the same time the engine room was provided with two new Reavell compressor sets, one driven by an electric motor, the other by a diesel engine. The diaphone produced a five-second blast every 30 seconds in poor weather, and remained in use up until 1988, when the lighthouse was decommissioned.

Decommissioning
Souter Lighthouse was decommissioned by Trinity House in 1988, but continued to serve as a radio navigation beacon up until 1999 when it was finally closed.

Present day
As Souter was never automated, it remains much in its original operational state except for updates during its lifespan to its lantern and electrical apparatus.

Today the decommissioned Souter lighthouse is owned by the National Trust and open to the public; the engine room, light tower and keeper's living quarters are all on view. There is also an outdoor play area, Trusty Club and indoor activities to accommodate young visitors. Two of the former lighthouse keepers' cottages are used as National Trust holiday cottages. The lamps, lenses and foghorn remain in working order and are still activated from time to time 'on special occasions'.

The lighthouse is said to be haunted, and has even featured on British TV's Most Haunted ghost-hunting programme.

title: Souter Lighthouse


text:
All Liberia Coalition Party

The All Liberia Coalition Party (ALCOP) is a political party in Liberia. In the last elections held on 19 July 1997, the ALCOP presidential candidate Alhaji G.V. Kromah won 4.02% of the vote. The party won 3 of 64 seats in the House of Representatives and 2 of 26 in the Senate. While international observers deemed the polls administratively free and transparent, they noted that it had taken place in an atmosphere of intimidation because most voters believed that former rebel leader and National Patriotic Party (NPP) candidate Charles Taylor would return to war if defeated.

Kromah ran again as the party's presidential candidate in the 11 October 2005 elections. He won 2.8% of the vote. The party won one seat in the Senate and two in the House of Representatives.

In the 2023 general election the party under the leaderwhip of Ansu V.S. Dulleh fielded Lusinee Kamara as presidential candidate, who classified fourth with 1.96% of the votes, but failed to win any seat in both the House of Representatives and the Senate.

title: All Liberia Coalition Party


text:
Sid Melton

Sidney Meltzer (May 22, 1917 – November 2, 2011), known professionally as Sid Melton, was an American actor. He played the roles of incompetent carpenter Alf Monroe in the CBS sitcom Green Acres and Uncle Charlie Halper, proprietor of the Copa Club, in The Danny Thomas Show and its spin-offs. He appeared in about 140 film and television projects in a career that spanned nearly 60 years. Among his most famous films were Lost Continent with Cesar Romero, The Steel Helmet with Gene Evans and Robert Hutton, The Lemon Drop Kid with Bob Hope, and Lady Sings The Blues with Diana Ross and Billy Dee Williams. He was a regular on The Danny Thomas Show and Green Acres, and appeared in flashback on several episodes of The Golden Girls as Salvadore Petrillo, the long-dead husband of Sophia (played by Estelle Getty) and father of Dorothy (played by Beatrice Arthur).

Early life and family
Sidney Meltzer was born in Brooklyn, New York City, New York. His father was Isidor Meltzer, a Yiddish theater comedian. His brother Lewis Meltzer became a screenwriter. Sid was known for his short stature, 5 ft.

Career
Sid Melton made his stage debut in a 1939 touring production of See My Lawyer. Sid's brother Lewis was a screenplay writer in Hollywood and had connections "in the industry," which led to Sid being cast as Fingers in Shadow of the Thin Man. During World War II, Melton entertained American soldiers overseas. Sid met screenwriter Aubrey Wisberg, who arranged for him to have a part in his Treasure of Monte Cristo for Robert Lippert. This was his first film after signing his first Hollywood contract with Lippert Pictures in 1949. The studio churned out low-budget films, most of them made in less than a week, and Melton was the comic relief in dozens of them, including Mask of the Dragon and Lost Continent.

Other movies included On the Town, The Geisha Boy, The Tunnel of Love, and Blondie Goes to College. He appeared in three Lippert Pictures, Hi-Jacked,Lost Continent and Radar Secret Service, later featured on Mystery Science Theater 3000, whose hosts gave Melton the nickname "Monkey Boy" due to his comedy relief antics. He directed the exploitation movie Bad Girls Do Cry. Melton appeared three times as Harry Cooper in the 1955–56 sitcom It's Always Jan. In the late 1950s, he played several small roles in the popular Desilu show The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour as a construction worker who comes into the room through the window to ask for Milton Berle's autograph for his children. He starred in another episode in which he plays a bellboy for a hotel in Nome, Alaska that Lucy and the gang are staying at. He played Captain Midnight's sidekick, Ichabod "Icky" Mudd ("That's Mudd, with two D's"), in Captain Midnight, an early 1950s Saturday morning children's show. Until the end of his life, old fans would greet him on the street with his signature introductory gag line, "Mudd with two D's." Other television credits include Dragnet, The Silent Service, and M Squad. Sid appeared in S6 E9 of The Andy Griffith Show (The Hollywood Party) as a publicity agent for Ruta Lee’s character Darlene Mason. He appeared in four episodes of the final two seasons of Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. as Friendly Freddy, an unsuccessful con-artist who bilks Gomer and Sgt. Carter, among others, but always gets caught, sometimes several times in the same episode. He had guest roles on Adventures of Superman, I Dream of Jeannie and The Dick Van Dyke Show; in the last he played deli owner Bert Monker, who is in love with Sally Rogers (played by Rose Marie). In 1956 Melton appeared in an uncredited role as Shorty on the TV western Cheyenne in the episode "The Last Train West."

Melton appeared in a humorous 1966 television commercial as a truck driver carrying new American Motors automobiles.

Personal life and death
Melton was married in the 1940s, but the marriage was annulled. Melton died from pneumonia on November 2, 2011, aged 94, at Providence St. Joseph Medical Center in Burbank, California.

Selected filmography

 * Blondie Goes to College (1942) as 'Mouse' Gifford (uncredited)
 * Close-Up (1948) as Stanislaus Kranobowsky, Cabbie
 * Lady at Midnight (1948) as Benny Muscle (uncredited)
 * Knock on Any Door (1949) as "Squint" Zinsky (uncredited)
 * Tough Assignment (1949) as Herman
 * Radar Secret Service (1950) as Pill Box
 * Lost Continent (1951) as Sergeant Willie Tatlow
 * The Steel Helmet (1951) as Joe
 * Mask of the Dragon (1951) as Manchu Murphy
 * Savage Drums (1951) as Jimmy Cuso
 * Under Fire (1957) - GI #1 (uncredited)
 * The Joker Is Wild (1957) - Racetrack Runner (uncredited)
 * Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1958) (Season 4 Episode 7: "Man with a Problem") - Cab Driver
 * Thundering Jets (1958) - Sergeant Eddie Stone
 * The Tunnel of Love (1958) - Truck Driver (uncredited)
 * The Buccaneer (1958) - Kentuckian (uncredited)
 * The Geisha Boy (1958) - Taxi Driver (uncredited)
 * Lone Texan (1959) - Gus Pringle - the barber
 * Alias Jesse James (1959) - New York Bar Fight Fan (uncredited)
 * The Beat Generation (1959) - Police Detective Carlotti (uncredited)
 * The Atomic Submarine (1959) - Yeoman Chester Tuttle
 * The Rise and Fall of Legs Diamond (1960) - Little Augie (uncredited)
 * Why Must I Die? (1960) - Morrie Waltzer
 * It Takes All Kinds (1969) - Benjie
 * Lady Sings the Blues (1972) - Jerry
 * Hit! (1973) - Herman
 * Sheila Levine Is Dead and Living in New York (1975) - Manny
 * The Lady from Peking (1975) - Benny Segal
 * Sixpack Annie (1975) - Angelo
 * Game Show Models (1977) - Marvin Schmitt
 * ...And Call Me in the Morning (1999) - Eddie

title: Sid Melton


text:
Liberian Action Party

The Liberian Action Party was a political party in Liberia.

In the country's 1985 elections, LAP candidate Jackson Doe was the leading challenger to incumbent Head of State Samuel Doe. Official results showed that Samuel received a narrow majority of votes cast in the election, although outside observers alleged widespread fraud; according to organizations such as the BBC, Jackson had won an absolute majority of votes cast nationwide.

In the 19 July 1997 legislative elections, the party was part of the Alliance of Political Parties, which won 2 out of 64 seats in the House of Representatives. While international observers deemed the polls administratively free and transparent, they noted that it had taken place in an atmosphere of intimidation because most voters believed that former rebel leader and National Patriotic Party (NPP) candidate Charles Taylor would return to war if defeated.

The party fielded candidates in the 11 October 2005 elections as part of the four-party Coalition for the Transformation of Liberia (COTOL).

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf was formerly a prominent party member and Jackson Doe's running mate in 1985, but defected to the Unity Party in the run-up to the 1997 elections. On 1 April 2009, the Liberian Action Party and the Liberia Unification Party merged into the ruling Unity Party.

title: Liberian Action Party


text:
Liberian People's Party

The Liberian People's Party (LPP) is a political party in Liberia.

LPP formed in 1983 as the electoral wing of the Movement for Justice in Africa (MOJA), a leftist pan-African group. Party member Amos Sawyer served as President of the Interim Government of National Unity (IGNU) in 1990–94.

In elections held on 19 July 1997, the LPP presidential candidate and veteran leader Togba-Nah Tipoteh won 1.61% of the vote. The party won 1 out of 64 seats in the House of Representatives and none in the Senate. While international observers deemed the polls administratively free and transparent, they noted that it had taken place in an atmosphere of intimidation because most voters believed that former rebel leader and National Patriotic Party (NPP) candidate Charles Taylor would return to war if defeated.

In the 11 October 2005 elections, the Liberian People's Party and the United People's Party participated as part of the Alliance for Peace and Democracy (APD), supporting Togba-Nah Tipoteh for president.

In the 2011 presidential and legislative elections, both parties were part of the National Democratic Coalition, backing Dew Mayson for president. In the same elections Togba-Nah Tipoteh ran for the Freedom Alliance Party of Liberia (FAPL).

The party contested alone the 2017 Liberian general election, with Henry Boimah Fahnbulleh, who had previously resigned as national security advisor to the incumbent president Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, running for the presidency. Fanbulleh classified ninth with only 0.74% of the votes, while the party obtained 1.58% of the votes and secured one seat in the House of Representatives.

The LPP did not contest the 2020 Senate election. In October 2022 Yanqui Zaza was elected new party chairman during the party’s 5th extraordinary national congress, putting an end to Joseph Kolako Kpator Jallah's 17 years long leadership. In the following year's general election the party fielded Tiawan Saye Gongloe as presidential candidate.

title: Liberian People's Party


text:
Liberia Unification Party

The Liberia Unification Party was a political party in Liberia.

The party fielded candidates in the 11 October 2005 elections as part of the four-party Coalition for the Transformation of Liberia (COTOL).

In the 19 July 1997 legislative elections, the party was part of the Alliance of Political Parties, which won 2 out of 64 seats in the House of Representatives. While international observers deemed the polls administratively free and transparent, they noted that it had taken place in an atmosphere of intimidation because most voters believed that former rebel leader and National Patriotic Party (NPP) candidate Charles Taylor would return to war if defeated.

On 1 April 2009, it merged into the ruling Unity Party.

title: Liberia Unification Party