text:
Talk:Abayudaya

Layout
The current layout (two big tables side by side) is a mess at 800x600. -- Jmabel | Talk 02:08, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)

"the Jews" in Luganda
This article now begins "The Abayudaya ('the Jews' in Luganda)…" Is that to say that Abayudaya is the normal Luganda word for all Jews? If not, it is very misleading. -- Jmabel | Talk 01:59, 14 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Abayudaya is a Luganda word, and is the plural of "Omuyudaya" (which means a "Jew"). That is why, for clarity, this group is often reffered to as "The Abayudaya of Uganda" or "The Abayudaya Jews of Uganda." --Ezeu 02:08, 14 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Abayudaya is the Luganda word for "Children of Yehuda", not for "the Jews". It's an ethnonym adopted by the Abayudaya for themselves, and I've never read of it being used by the Abayudaya to refer to other Jews, or to Jews as a whole.  From what I've read, knowledge of English is fairly widespread among the Abayudaya, and in Mirembe, mirembe the word used for Jews is "djuzi".  The Abayudaya are not often referred to as "The Abayudaya [Jews] of Uganda" because of some invented rationale about singles and plurals in Luganda, but because the Abayudaya are a relatively unknown group who hail, as it happens, from Uganda.  The "of Uganda" is an informative qualifier, not part of the ethnonym.  I have, therefore, removed that assertion from the lead.  Tom e rtalk  19:29, 25 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I've included 2 sources for my assertion about what the name means. There is a lot of misinformation out there, including some from otherwise reliable sources. Tom e rtalk  22:48, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

Population
I have changed the population from 600 in the article to >750 per this article. I assume that since the photographer was there (obviously) and in contact with community members (obviously), that this more recent number is plenty reliable. It also seems consistent with the community's size increases since the reign of Amin. Tom e rtalk 19:40, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I am a student of Kakungulu primary school 1954--58. I was in school with Kakungulu's children Kopolo and Nabakungulu. At the time the school was the only Catholic school in Mbale.
 * Besides Kakungulu was a originally a chief from Baganda tribe who was placed in Mbale by Colonial for the purpose of collecting taxes. Please note:- Baganda tribe don't circumcise. It is Bagishu from Mbale and Sebeis who circumcise. Too many inconsistencies in your story. 105.162.1.128 (talk) 06:21, 26 June 2023 (UTC)

How does one cite for the obvious?
WassermannNYC has asked for citation on the statement "they are not genetically or historically related to other ethnic Jews]". Given that we state below, with citation, that the group only first began to distinguish themselves around 1880, it is hard to imagine what else we can do to cite for this. WassermannNYC, what further citation would you want? - [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel | Talk 20:32, 24 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I do not see why that needs to be referenced, unless what WassermannNYC means is that it is so obvious it needn't be stated. But if we apply that logic to everything we write, we'd have pretty dry articles. --Ezeu 23:55, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

The article (now) states "They are historically related to the original ethnic Jews" What does this actually mean? Flapdragon (talk) 21:00, 17 April 2009 (UTC)

Image from he: article
There's an image from inside the Nabugoye synagogue in the Hebrew article. I tried to get it in the English article with the following:

 * [[Image:Abayudaya.JPG|thumb|left|250px|Banner inside a synagogue in Nabugoye]]

to no avail. Anyone got an idea for how to do it? Tomertalk 02:04, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

Laikipia Jews
This budding community, numbering some 5,000, is not mentioned. Should it be? I dunno...just asking the question... Tomertalk 08:30, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

Article from Haaretz
This site: [Haaretz] has a short article, published on the Israeli newspaper haaretz about this small comunity of jews.Agre22 (talk) 23:11, 16 October 2009 (UTC)agre22

Broken Link
just reading the article and referance 3 "The Committee To Save Ugandan Jewry - A First Hand Account of The History of the Abayudaya" is a dead link. Just wanted someone ot know, never edited wikipedia before and don't wanna mess it up. reagards82.46.11.177 (talk) 04:19, 15 November 2012 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 06:28, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Abayudaya


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Ayr, Carrick and Cumnock (UK Parliament constituency)

Ayr, Carrick and Cumnock is a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was created for the 2005 general election from parts of the old Ayr and Carrick, Cumnock and Doon Valley constituencies. It has been represented since 2024 by Elaine Stewart of Scottish Labour.

Boundaries
2005 onwards

As defined by the Fifth Review of UK Parliament constituencies, the constituency covers the South Ayrshire electoral wards of Ayr Whitletts; Ayr Lochside; Ayr Newton; Ayr Craigie; Ayr Central; Ayr Fort; Ayr Forehill; Ayr Masonhill; Ayr Belmont; Ayr Old Belmont; Ayr Rozelle; Ayr Doonfoot and Seafield; Coylton and Minishant; North Carrick and Maybole West; North Carrick and Maybole East; South Carrick; Girvan Ailsa and Girvan Glendoune plus the East Ayrshire electoral wards of Patna and Dalrymple; Dalmellington; Drongan, Stair and Rankinston; Ochiltree, Skares, Netherthird and Craigens; New Cumnock; Cumnock East and Cumnock West.

The constituency covers approximately three-fifths of the South Ayrshire council area and one-fifth of the East Ayrshire council area, with the remaining portion of the South Ayrshire council area being covered by the Central Ayrshire constituency. The remainder of East Ayrshire is covered as part of Kilmarnock and Loudoun.

2023 boundary review

For the 2024 general election boundary commission launched 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies. After the review current boundaries remained largely unchanged.

Demographics
The 2011 UK Census revealed that the Ayr, Carrick and Cumnock constituency had an above-average unemployment rate at 5.6% compared to the Scottish average of 4.8%, with a significant proportion of residents living in local authority housing at 20.2% compared to the Scottish average of 13.2%. The constituency also had a high proportion of retired people and Church of Scotland Protestants at the Census relative to elsewhere in Scotland, with 19% of those living in the constituency retired (14.9% across Scotland) and 43.3% of constituents recognising their religion as Church of Scotland (32.4% across Scotland). 90% of residents identified their ethnicity as White British, with 99% recognising their ethnicity as White. On indicators such as health, educational attainment, income and social class however the area is more deprived than the national average.

Constituency
Ayr is a large resort town located to the north-west of the constituency. It consists of a mixture of working class ex-council estate areas and very affluent suburban areas. From the end of the Second World War until the 2010s, the town was marginally contested between the Labour Party and the Conservative Party. The SNP supplanted the Labour Party during the 2010s and their support is strongest in the more industrialised north of the town. The Conservatives perform best in the suburbs in the south of the town, in areas such as Alloway, Doonfoot and Seafield.

To the south-west of the constituency is the rural region of Carrick, running down the Ayrshire coast between Ayr and Galloway which includes many towns and villages such as Maybole, and the resort towns of Turnberry and Girvan. The area was marginally contested between the Labour Party and the Conservative Party until the 2010s, from which point onwards the area has been contested between the Conservatives and the SNP. The Conservative Party tend to perform stronger in rural outlying villages and wealthier suburban areas, with the SNP performing stronger in Maybole.

Further east, the constituency stretches into the south of the East Ayrshire Council area to cover a set of former mining communities around Cumnock and Doon Valley - it's an area which has traditionally returned a much stronger vote for the Labour Party and weaker Conservative vote in comparison to elsewhere in the Ayr, Carrick and Cumnock, This part of the constituency contains many towns and villages such as Patna, Dalmellington, Bellsbank, and Cumnock which are deprived former mining areas which traditionally returned a very strong vote for the Labour party.

UK Parliament
In 2005, approximately two-thirds of the former Carrick, Cumnock and Doon Valley constituency was attached to half of the former marginal seat of Ayr to form the Ayr, Carrick and Cumnock constituency. Carrick, Cumnock and Doon Valley had been represented in the UK Parliament by the Labour Party since the 1935 general election, whilst Ayr was represented by the Conservative Party from the 1906 general election until Labour gained the seat during their 1997 landslide electoral victory, from which point onwards the constituency was represented by Labour, with the Conservatives coming in a close second place.

The newly formed Ayr, Carrick and Cumnock constituency was won by Labour's Sandra Osborne at the 2005 general election with a majority of 9,997 votes (22.2%) ahead of the Conservatives. This was reduced slightly to 9,911 votes (21.6%) in 2010, before the constituency fell to the SNP at the 2015 SNP landslide, with SNP candidate Corri Wilson overturning incumbent Labour MP Sandra Osborne's 13,356 vote lead over the SNP (29.1%), securing the constituency with a majority of 11,265 votes (21.6%). Bill Grant of the Conservatives gained the seat at the 2017 snap general election with a majority of 2,774 votes (6.0%) over Corri Wilson of the SNP. In the 2019 General Election, Allan Dorans of the SNP gained the seat from the Conservatives with a majority of 2,329 votes (5.0%).

Scottish Parliament
The constituency overlaps the Scottish Parliamentary constituencies of Ayr and Carrick, Cumnock and Doon Valley.

Since the 2021 Scottish Parliament election, Ayr's Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) has been Siobhian Brown of the SNP. Her predecessor was the Conservative John Scott, who held the Ayr seat for 21 years.

Carrick, Cumnock and Doon Valley has been represented by the SNP since the 2011 Scottish Parliamentary election. The current MSP for Carrick, Cumnock and Doon Valley is Elena Whitham.

Local Council elections
The Conservatives have been the largest party on South Ayrshire Council since 2003, taking control of the Council in 2006. The Ayr West ward has traditionally been the strongest part of the Council for the Conservative party, with Ayr East also returning a considerable Conservative vote. More recently, the party have also gained votes in the more rural area of Carrick to the south of Ayr, with the SNP forming the largest party in the Ayr North ward.

The SNP have formed the largest party on East Ayrshire Council since 2012, however, Labour remain the largest party in Cumnock and Doon Valley, the part of East Ayrshire covered by the Ayr, Carrick and Cumnock parliamentary constituency.

In the 2022 council elections, the SNP placed first in Ayr North and Ayr East. Labour were the largest party in Cumnock and Doon Valley, and the Conservatives formed the largest party in Carrick, Coylton and Ayr West.


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Davey and Goliath

Davey and Goliath is a Christian clay-animated children's television series, whose central characters were created by Art Clokey, Ruth Clokey, and Dick Sutcliffe, and which was produced first by the United Lutheran Church in America and later by the Lutheran Church in America. The show was aimed at a youth audience, and generally dealt with issues such as respect for authority, sharing, and prejudice. Eventually, these themes included serious issues such as racism, death, religious intolerance and vandalism. Each 15-minute episode features the adventures of a boy named Davey Hansen and his "talking" dog Goliath (although only Davey and the viewer can hear him speak) as they learn the love of God through everyday occurrences. Many of the episodes also feature Davey's parents John and Elaine, his sister Sally, as well as Davey's friends: Jimmy, Teddy, and Nathaniel in earlier episodes, and Jonathan, Nicky, and Francisco in later ones.

In general, the characters find themselves in situations that have to be overcome by placing their faith in God. While the show is explicitly faith-based, there is no content specifically about the Lutheran Church, which made broadcasters more comfortable with the idea of an overtly religious mainstream children's show. The only reference to Lutherans in the show was the theme song, an instrumental version of "A Mighty Fortress Is Our God", and the Luther rose displayed in the opening theme and end credits.

Following Clokey's success with the Gumby series, Davey and Goliath premiered in syndication on February 25, 1961 as a Saturday feature, and lasted until 1965. By May 1961, it was reported that "Millions of children in cities and towns across the United States and Canada are talking about two new television stars, 'Davey and Goliath'."

Davey's friends Nathaniel (in the 1960s episodes) and Jonathan (in the 1970s episodes) were some of the first black characters to appear as friends of a television show's white lead character.

After its initial run, several 30-minute holiday-themed episodes were created in the late 1960s. The series then resumed with some new characters in 1971 and continued until 1973. In 1975, a final 30-minute summer episode was created. In 2004, Joe Clokey and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the successor body to the LCA, produced a new special, Davey and Goliath's Snowboard Christmas.

Ordering the series
In 1958, Franklin Clark Fry, president of the United Lutheran Church in America (ULCA), put aside $1 million to fund production of a future television program for children. Soon after, the ULCA contracted with Clokey Productions, Inc., headed by Gumby creators Art and Ruth Clokey, to create a new children’s show: Davey and Goliath. Scripts were written by children’s book author Nancy Moore in consultation with the church; Moore would go on to pen several episodes of the CBS Radio Mystery Theater in the 1970s and early 1980s.

The ULCA and Art Clokey teamed up to make the first Davey and Goliath episode in 1960, called "Lost in a Cave", which would be the first shown in syndication in 1961. In this premiere episode, the figures were entirely clay (with some latex/rubber clothing showing visible seams) and the scenery was also mostly clay. The early voices included Hal Smith (who did a number of voices including Davey's father), Dick Beals (who was Davey's voice) and Ginny Tyler (who did the voice of Sally's and Davey's mother). These three did many other voices as well.

After making "Lost in a Cave" in 1960, Clokey made "The Wild Goat", "Stranded on an Island" and "The Winner" in early 1961. In these episodes, the clay figures were now clothed with real cloth, and more model buildings and trees were added, making the episodes look somewhat more realistic. In 1961, the series of these four episodes began airing free on local television stations nationwide, ranging from ABC, NBC and CBS Network affiliates to independent stations. Occasionally, two or more stations in the same market aired the show, at several times. Many stations ran these episodes leading into network Saturday-morning lineups. Other stations ran them in religious Sunday-morning lineups between other evangelists' programs. By 1964, the show was airing in over 90% of U.S. television markets.

30 minute episodes
In 1965, Davey and Goliath returned to television when a 30-minute Christmas special called "Christmas Lost and Found" was aired. The episode was more overtly religious in nature and distanced itself from traditional Christmas figures such as Santa Claus and Rudolph, with religious Christmas songs included. This would also be the last episode featuring Dick Beals as the voice of Davey.

In 1967, three 30-minute holiday specials were aired: "Happy Easter" in March, "Halloween Who-Dun-It" in October, and "The New Year Promise" in December. By now, the background music changed to an unknown music library, one that was also used in the Gumby episodes produced during that time. Davey was closer to junior high-school age and was voiced by Norma MacMillan. "Happy Easter" confronted the death of a loved one, as Davey's beloved grandmother dies suddenly (off-camera) within hours of a fun-filled visit.

Davey and Goliath's Snowboard Christmas
After an almost 30-year hiatus, Davey and Goliath were next seen as part of a Mountain Dew soda commercial in 2001, with the royalties from the commercial used to fund the production of the 2004 Christmas special entitled Davey & Goliath's Snowboard Christmas. The holiday special addressed both religious and racial diversity as Davey demonstrates his snowboarding expertise to two friends: Sam, a Jewish boy, and Yasmeen, a Muslim girl. During the course of the show, they get caught in an avalanche and end up in a cave. Goliath goes for help while Davey and his new friends find out that they really aren't all that different. The three children wind up learning of each other's holiday celebrations: Jewish Hanukkah, Christian Christmas and Muslim Eid.

Television airings
The program had become a fixture on Saturday and/or Sunday mornings on TV stations (both religious and secular) across the country during the 1960s and 1970s. In the 1980s, commercial stations began gradually dropping the series. Religious stations picked it up in many markets and ran it in their blocks of Christian children's programs. By 1990, only a handful of commercial stations still aired the series.

The show continued to air on CatholicTV Network until late in 2009, on Tri-State Christian Television also until 2010 and still aired on a few local Christian television stations.

On cable, the Odyssey Network ran the entire series commercial-free from 1992 until 1999. Since the network's rebranding as the Hallmark Channel in 2001, they have only aired a few of the holiday specials with several commercial breaks, including the Snowboard Christmas special made in 2004. In 2008, iTunes began offering episodes as free downloads. By December of that year, more than 20 episodes had been made available. Nowadays, the episodes cost 99 cents each.

Until the beginning of October 2018, the series was shown on Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN) Saturday afternoons. During the week, it was televised on the TBN-owned Smile of a Child network, which is carried on digital subchannels of TBN affiliates.

Parodies

 * Adult Swim's Moral Orel is a darker, adult-oriented parody of Davey and Goliath. Though it is stylistically and thematically similar, the show's creator, Dino Stamatopoulos, claims Moral Orel had its genesis as a parody of Leave It to Beaver.
 * MADtv spoofed Davey and Goliath in their fourteenth episode with "Davey and Son of Goliath", alluding to the Son of Sam serial killer who claimed a talking dog had instructed him to kill.
 * The Simpsons featured a short, clay-animated segment titled "Gravey and Jobriath". Gravey is portrayed as a religious extremist building a pipe bomb in order to destroy Planned Parenthood.

title: Davey and Goliath


text:
Banbury (UK Parliament constituency)

Banbury is a constituency in Oxfordshire created in 1553 and represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament.

In terms of electorate, Banbury was the 16th largest constituency in the United Kingdom at the time of the 2015 general election.

Constituency profile
The constituency has relatively high economic dependence on agriculture, as well as modern industry (particularly motorsport), research and development, public services and, to a lesser extent, defence. It contains two large market towns, Banbury and Bicester, where the majority of the electorate live. It is a partly rural seat, with the northwest of the constituency on the edge of the Cotswolds. The area has experienced significant urban growth and is popular with commuters who favour its fast transport links to Birmingham, Oxford and London by rail, or the M40.

More than one in 10 of the population is employed in higher managerial, administrative and professional work, according to ONS 2011 Census figures for England and Wales. In 2015 the seat was home to 4.3% of EU residents and unemployment was 2.9%. There are some Labour voting wards in Banbury itself, but the remainder of the constituency including Bicester and the smaller rural towns and villages are safely Conservative. However, the 2017 election saw a particularly strong swing for Labour like many towns in southern England. Nonetheless, the Conservative incumbent Victoria Prentis managed to secure a majority of over 12,000, increasing this to nearly 17,000 in 2019.

History
The constituency was created as a parliamentary borough, consisting of the town of Banbury, on 26 January 1554 through the efforts of Henry Stafford and Thomas Denton. It was one of the few in England in the unreformed House of Commons to elect only one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of England until 1707, then to the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and finally to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 onwards. As such, it used the first past the post system.

It was the seat represented by Lord North, the prime minister during the American War of Independence.

Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, the Parliamentary Borough was abolished and was reconstituted as the Northern or Banbury Division of Oxfordshire when the three-member Parliamentary County of Oxfordshire was divided into the three single-member seats: Banbury, Woodstock and Henley. It comprised the north-western part of Oxfordshire, including Chipping Norton as well as the abolished borough. Banbury has remained as such since then with varying boundaries (see below).

Political history
Banbury has post-World War I unbroken Conservative representation and significant local support for the party. Its MPs since 1922 have all served long terms in office and each since 1922 has been knighted. The seat saw a very close election in 1923. The largest vote since 1922 has at each election been for a Conservative. In 2010 Tony Baldry (Conservative) almost doubled his majority. The 2015 result made the seat the 125th safest of the Conservative Party's 331 seats by percentage of majority.
 * Majority views

In June 2016, an estimated 50.35% of local adults voting in the EU membership referendum chose to leave the European Union instead of to remain. This was matched in two January 2018 votes in Parliament by its MP.

Four of the six parties' candidates achieved more than the deposit-retaining threshold of 5% of the vote in 2015. In 2001, the Labour Party candidate Lesley Silbey won the largest opposing-party share of the vote since 1974 — 35% of the vote. Prior to 1974, the highest percentage of votes for the second-placed candidate was in 1945 — 48% of the vote.
 * Other parties

1885–1918

 * The Borough of Banbury;and
 * The Sessional Divisions of Banbury and Bloxham, Chadlington, and Wootton North.

1918–1950

 * The Boroughs of Banbury, Chipping Norton, and Woodstock;
 * The Urban District of Witney; and
 * The Rural Districts of Banbury, Chipping Norton, Witney, and Woodstock.

The constituency was expanded to include the western half of the abolished Woodstock Division, including Witney and Woodstock.

1950–1974

 * The Boroughs of Banbury, Chipping Norton, and Woodstock;
 * The Urban District of Witney;
 * The Rural Districts of Banbury, Chipping Norton, and Witney; and
 * The Rural District of Ploughley parishes of Begbroke, Gosford and Water Eaton, Hampton Gay and Poyle, Kidlington, Shipton on Cherwell, Thrupp, and Yarnton.

''Change to contents due to reorganisation of rural districts. Marginal loss to the Oxford constituency as a result of the expansion of the County Borough of Oxford.''

1974–1983

 * The Boroughs of Banbury, Chipping Norton, and Woodstock;
 * The Urban District of Bicester;
 * The Rural Districts of Banbury and Chipping Norton; and
 * The Rural District of Ploughley parishes of Ardley, Bucknell, Caversfield, Chesterton, Cottisford, Finmere, Fringford, Fritwell, Godington, Hardwick with Tusmore, Hethe, Kirtlington, Launton, Lower Heyford, Middleton Stoney, Mixbury, Newton Purcell with Shelswell, Somerton, Souldern, Stoke Lyne, Stratton Audley, and Upper Heyford.

''The Urban and Rural Districts of Witney and the parts of the Rural District of Ploughley, including Kidlington, formed the basis of the new constituency of Mid-Oxon. Bicester and northern parts of the Rural District of Ploughley transferred from Henley.''

1983–1997

 * The District of Cherwell wards of Adderbury, Ambrosden, Ardley, Bicester East, Bicester South, Bicester West, Bloxham, Bodicote, Calthorpe, Chesterton, Cropredy, Deddington, Easington, Fringford, Grimsbury, Hardwick, Heyford, Hook Norton, Hornton, Kirtlington, Launton, Neithrop, Otmoor, Ruscote, Sibford, Steeple Aston, and Wroxton; and
 * The District of West Oxfordshire wards of Bartons and Tackley, and Wootton.

''Gained a small part of the abolished constituency of Mid-Oxon, to the south of Bicester. The bulk of the area comprising the former Urban and Rural Districts of Chipping Norton transferred to the new constituency of Witney.''

1997–2010

 * The District of Cherwell wards of Adderbury, Ambrosden, Ardley, Bicester East, Bicester South, Bicester West, Bloxham, Bodicote, Calthorpe, Chesterton, Cropredy, Deddington, Easington, Fringford, Grimsbury, Hardwick, Heyford, Hook Norton, Hornton, Kirtlington, Launton, Neithrop, Otmoor, Ruscote, Sibford, Steeple Aston, and Wroxton.

Minor loss to Witney, comprising the two wards in the District of West Oxfordshire.

2010–2024

 * The District of Cherwell wards of Adderbury, Ambrosden and Chesterton, Banbury Calthorpe, Banbury Easington, Banbury Grimsbury and Castle, Banbury Hardwick, Banbury Neithrop, Banbury Ruscote, Bicester East, Bicester North, Bicester South, Bicester Town, Bicester West, Bloxham and Bodicote, Caversfield, Cropredy, Deddington, Fringford, Hook Norton, Launton, Sibford, The Astons and Heyfords, and Wroxton.

Two wards in the District of Cherwell to the south of Bicester (Kirtlington and Otmoor) transferred to Henley.

The 2010 constituency covered the north-east of Oxfordshire, around Banbury and Bicester and largely corresponded to the Cherwell local government district, with the principal exception of the large village of Kidlington on the outskirts of Oxford which lies in the Oxford West and Abingdon constituency, and some smaller villages to the north-east of Oxford that lie in the Henley constituency.

2024–present
Following the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, enacted by the Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023, first contested at the 2024 United Kingdom general election, the constituency is composed of the following electoral wards (as they existed on 1 December 2020):

 * The District of Cherwell wards of: Adderbury, Bloxham & Bodicote; Banbury, Calthorpe & Easington; Banbury Cross & Neithrop; Banbury Grimsbury & Hightown; Banbury Hardwick; Banbury Ruscote; Cropredy, Sibfords & Wroxton; Deddington.
 * The District of West Oxfordshire wards of: Chadlington and Churchill; Charlbury and Finstock; Chipping Norton; Kingham, Rollright and Enstone; The Bartons.

Major changes, with the town of Bicester and surrounding areas, comprising 38.5% of the current electorate '', being included in the newly created constituency of Bicester and Woodstock. This was partly offset by the transfer from Witney of north-western parts of the District of West Oxfordshire, including Chipping Norton and Charlbury.''

MPs 1554–1640
''Constituency created 1554. (Even before the Reform Act of 1832, Banbury only returned one member to Parliament)''

Election in the 1940s
General Election 1939–40: Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place from 1939 and by the end of this year, the following candidates had been selected;
 * Independent Progressive: Patrick Early

Election in the 1920s

Election in the 1910s
General Election 1914–15: Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;
 * Liberal: Eustace Fiennes
 * Conservative:

Elections in the 1850s

 * Caused by Tancred's resignation.

Neighbouring constituencies
Banbury is bordered to the northeast by Northamptonshire South, to the east by Buckingham, to the south by Witney and Henley constituencies, to the east by Stratford-upon-Avon, and to the northeast by Kenilworth and Southam.

title: Banbury (UK Parliament constituency)


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Federal Civil Defense Administration

The Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA) was organized by President Harry S. Truman on December 1, 1950, through Executive Order 10186, and became an official government agency via the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950 on 12 January 1951. In 1958 the FCDA was superseded by the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization when President Dwight D. Eisenhower merged the FCDA with the Office of Defense Mobilization.

In its early years, the agency focused on evacuation as a strategy.

The FCDA was first headed by Millard Caldwell under Truman, then Val Peterson under Eisenhower.

Background
The predecessor to the FCDA, the Office of Civilian Defense was abolished in June 1945 with the end of World War II. In the period between the end of the World War and 1949, when the Soviet Union detonated their first atomic weapon, little was given to the topic of civil defense. After the Soviets demonstration of their first atomic weapon there was a feeling of the need to do something throughout both the American public and government. This led to, among many actions, the creation of the Federal Civil Defense Administration by President Harry S. Truman in 1950.

title: Federal Civil Defense Administration


text:
Talk:Melbourne University ALP Club

Votes for deletion
This page was recently nominated for deletion, and the consensus decision was to keep it. The deletion debate is archived here. ugen 64 02:13, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Merge?
It is completely unnecessary to merge this article with the UniMelb one. The ALP Club is very distinct from the University of Melbourne, just like the MUSU article was seperated. -- (posted at 01:39, 1 October 2005 by Theusualsuspect)

Absolutely. It would also be somewhat misleading, since the ALP club is affiliated with the student union rather than the university proper. -- (posted at 09:54, 30 October 2005 by 144.137.25.223)

I agree that a merge is not appropriate, and seeing as no-one has posted anything here explaining the neccesity of a merge, I have removed the notice. --Brendanfox 09:56, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

It seems that people wanted to delete it and the merge was a position people could agree with. I don't support the merge, because this doesn't belong on the university's page. Maybe it could be part of an article on Student bodies at the University of Melbourne or something like that. Matt73 01:55, 10 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I'll remove the merge tag since nobody is here arguing for such a move. However, I've added other problems tags. --kingboyk 03:09, 9 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I have removed the merge tag on Melbourne University - both mergeto and mergefrom tags need to be removed (or added) at the same time. --Bduke 04:50, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Looking at the debate from a few years ago, nothing has really changed in terms of improving this orphan article - it is still lacking citations and references that establish notability. If these issues aren't addressed in the next few days, I'll propose a merger into Melbourne University student organisations. 210.15.213.194 (talk) 11:57, 6 May 2009 (UTC)

Merger Proposal
I think this page should be merged into Melbourne University student organisations.

The reasons being:
 * 1) The article does not cite any sources that fulfill WP:RS
 * 2) The subject does not have significant coverage with sources that address the subject directly in detail as per WP:N
 * 3) Lines such as "Some now believe that" and "Both tickets enjoyed great success" are examples that go against WP:AWW and WP:NEU guidelines
 * 4) The details about election and political history (eg. "a Golden Triangle preference deal") are self promoting and go against WP:PROMOTION
 * 5) Finally, the structure of the article makes it difficult for a neutral reader to fairly and equally assess the credibility of all relevant and related viewpoints as per WP:STRUCTURE.

Each of these points need to be addressed and I think that by merging the article into a section on Political clubs in the Melbourne University student organisations, the subject can still be referred to - Melb Uni ALP Club does not, I believe, warrant an article of its own. If no corrections to the points listed above are made, I will merge the article after a week or so. Australian Matt (talk) 12:16, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Furthermore, there has previously been a deletion review for this article - see here - and the result was to merge and redirect. Australian Matt (talk) 12:25, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

 * I've merged the page as per my points above. Australian Matt (talk) 06:24, 25 May 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Melbourne University ALP Club


text:
Pinky (candy)

Pinky candy is a brand of mint-flavored candy sold by Frente International (now Koikeya). Flavors currently available in the new rectangular packaging are peach, grape, tropical and pine, and grapefruit, Coke, and soda; Pinky also comes in a smaller, rounded container. Pinky is known largely for its monkey mascot named Pinky Monkey (ピンキー　モンキー).

title: Pinky (candy)


text:
Runnymede and Weybridge (UK Parliament constituency)

Runnymede and Weybridge is a constituency in Surrey represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2019 by Ben Spencer, a Conservative.

The constituency was created for the 1997 general election and represented from then until 2019 by Philip Hammond, who served as Foreign Secretary from 2014 to 2016 and Chancellor of the Exchequer from 2016 to 2019. Hammond sat as a Conservative before becoming an Independent backbencher for the last two months of his final term.

Boundaries
1997–2024:
 * The Borough of Runnymede: Addlestone North; Addlestone South; Chertsey Riverside; Chertsey St Ann's; Egham Hythe; Egham Town; Englefield Green East; Englefield Green West; Longcross, Lyne and Chertsey South; New Haw; Ottershaw; Thorpe; Virginia Water; Woodham and Rowtown
 * The Borough of Elmbridge: Oatlands and Burwood Park; Weybridge Riverside; Weybridge St George's Hill

Since 1997 and until 2024 the constituency and comprised the whole of the area of the Borough of Runnymede plus the town of Weybridge in the Borough of Elmbridge, all in north Surrey.

2024–present:
 * The Borough of Elmbridge wards of: Cobham & Downside; Oxshott & Stoke D’Abernon; Weybridge Riverside; Weybridge St. George’s Hill.
 * The Borough of Runnymede wards of: Addlestone North; Addlestone South; Chertsey Riverside; Chertsey St. Ann’s; Egham Hythe; Egham Town; Longcross, Lyne & Chertsey South; New Haw; Ottershaw; Thorpe; Woodham & Rowtown.

Further to the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, enacted by the Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023, from the 2024 United Kingdom general election, changes in the constituency described as the following:

''Runnymede mainly low-density villages Englefield Green and Virginia Water have been transferred to the Berkshire seat of Windsor, creating a cross-county constituency. To compensate, two similar southern wards that lay in Esher and Walton, including Cobham are gained, partly offset by the similar village ward of Oatlands lost in return.''

History
The constituency was created in 1997 from parts of the former constituencies of Chertsey and Walton and North West Surrey.

From its creation until 2019, it was represented by Philip Hammond, of the Conservative Party, who served as a Cabinet Minister throughout the Cameron–Clegg coalition before holding in succession two of the Great Offices of State: Foreign Secretary from 2014 to 2016, and Chancellor of the Exchequer from 2016 to 2019.

Runnymede and Weybridge is a Conservative safe seat based on both length of tenure and size of majorities – the narrowest margin of victory was in the 1997 general election, of 19.2% of the vote.

Constituency profile
The constituency is roughly bisected by the M25. To the east are a series of affluent towns including part of Staines, Chertsey, Addlestone and Weybridge. There is more open land to the west, bordering Windsor Great Park and Chobham Common.

The constituency has incomes well above the national average, and lower than average reliance upon social housing. At the end of 2012 the unemployment rate in the constituency stood as 1.3% of the population claiming jobseekers allowance, compared to the regional average of 2.4%. The borough contributing to the bulk of the seat has a low 14.7% of its population without a car, 18.3% of the population without qualifications and a high 29.9% with level 4 qualifications or above.

In terms of tenure 69.2% of homes are owned outright or on a mortgage as at the 2011 census across Runnymede.

Members of Parliament
Chertsey and Walton prior to 1997

Elections in the 2000s

 * Result declared at 02:19

 * Result declared at 03:21

Elections in the 1990s

 * Result declared at 03:31


text:
Rushcliffe (UK Parliament constituency)

Rushcliffe is a constituency in Nottinghamshire represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 2024 by James Naish, a Labour MP.

From 1970 until 2019, it was represented by Kenneth Clarke who was Father of the House of Commons for his last two years as an MP. He was appointed to the executive in the governments of Margaret Thatcher, John Major and David Cameron – one of five ministers to serve the whole 18 years of the Thatcher and Major governments. His political career is the fifth-longest in the modern era; he remains a notable figure in British politics.

History
The constituency was formed by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 (for first use during the election that year).

Between 1950 and 2019, it was considered to have been a safe seat for the Conservative Party, whose members have held it without marginal majorities, except for a four-year period from 1966 when it was held by Labour, coinciding with the first Wilson ministry. Unlike other constituencies nearby, such as Broxtowe and Gedling, which were previously held by the Conservatives, they retained Rushcliffe in the 1997 New Labour landslide but it was won by Labour in the 2024 Labour landslide

In the 2016 European Union membership referendum, it was the only constituency in the Nottinghamshire and overall East Midlands region to vote Remain (57.6% to 42.4%), even as neighbouring city of Nottingham voted to Leave (50.8% to 49.2%). This can be attributed to the constituency's affluence, as well as then-MP Kenneth Clarke's pro-EU political leanings (he would be the only Conservative MP to vote against triggering Article 50 in 2017.)

Historic
1885–1918: Part of the Sessional Division of Nottingham.

1918–1950: The Urban Districts of Beeston, Carlton, and West Bridgford, the Rural Districts of Leake and Stapleford, the Rural District which consisted of the parishes of Kingston-on-Soar and Ratcliffe-on-Soar, and in the Rural District of Basford the parishes of Awsworth, Barton-in-Fabis, Bilborough, Bradmore, Bunny, Burton Joyce, Clifton-with-Glapton, Colwick, Cossall, Gamston, Gedling, Gotham, Nuthall, Ruddington, South Wilford, Stoke Bardolph, Strelley, Thrumpton, Trowell, and Wollaton.

1950–1955: The Urban Districts of Beeston and Stapleford, and West Bridgford, and in the Rural District of Basford the parishes of Barton-in-Fabis, Bilborough, Bradmore, Bunny, Clifton with Glapton, Colwick, Costock, East Leake, Gedling, Gotham, Kingston-on-Soar, Normanton-on-Soar, Ratcliffe-on-Soar, Rempstone, Ruddington, Stanford-on-Soar, Sutton Bonington, Thorpe-in-the-Glebe, Thrumpton, West Leake, Willoughby-on-the-Wolds, and Wysall.

1955–1974: The Urban District of Beeston and Stapleford, and in the Rural District of Basford the parishes of Barton-in-Fabis, Bilborough, Bradmore, Bunny, Colwick, Costock, East Leake, Gedling, Gotham, Kingston-on-Soar, Normanton-on-Soar, Ratcliffe-on-Soar, Rempstone, Ruddington, Stanford-on-Soar, Sutton Bonington, Thorpe-in-the-Glebe, Thrumpton, West Leake, Willoughby-on-the-Wolds, and Wysall.

1974–1983: The Urban District of West Bridgford, the Rural District of Bingham, and in the Rural District of Basford the parishes of Barton-in-Fabis, Bradmore, Bunny, Costock, East Leake, Gotham, Kingston on Soar, Normanton on Soar, Ratcliffe on Soar, Rempstone, Ruddington, Stanford on Soar, Sutton Bonington, Thorpe in the Glebe, Thrumpton, West Leake, Willoughby-on-the-Wolds, and Wysall.

1983–2010: The Borough of Rushcliffe.

2010–2024: The Borough of Rushcliffe wards of Abbey, Bunny, Compton Acres, Cotgrave, Cropwell, Edwalton, Gamston, Gotham, Keyworth and the Wolds, Lady Bay, Leake, Lutterell, Musters,Nevile and Langar, Newton, Radcliffe-on-Trent, Ruddington, Soar Valley, Tollerton, and Trent Bridge.

Current
Further to the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, which came into effect for the 2024 general election, the composition of the constituency was defined as follows (as they existed on 1 December 2020):

 * The Borough of Rushcliffe wards of: Abbey; Bunny; Compton Acres; Cotgrave; Cropwell; Edwalton; Gamston North; Gamston South; Gotham; Keyworth & Wolds; Lady Bay; Leake; Lutterell; Musters; Nevile & Langar; Radcliffe on Trent; Ruddington; Sutton Bonington; Tollerton; Trent Bridge.

The constituency saw minor boundary changes due to the redrawing of local authority ward boundaries.

Following a further local government boundary review in which came into effect in May 2023, the constituency now comprises the following wards of the Borough of Rushcliffe from the 2024 general election:

 * Abbey; Bunny; Compton Acres; Cotgrave; Cropwell; Edwalton; Gamston; Gotham; Keyworth & Wolds; Lady Bay; Leake; Lutterell; Musters; Nevile & Langar (nearly all); Newton (part); Radcliffe on Trent; Ruddington; Soar Valley; Tollerton; Trent Bridge.

Constituency profile
The main town in the constituency is West Bridgford, which is part of the Greater Nottingham urban area, and includes the Trent Bridge cricket ground and Nottingham Forest F.C., and has some strong Labour wards like Trent Bridge itself, Lady Bay and the village of Ruddington. The remainder of the constituency is predominantly rural and Conservative, including the villages of Cotgrave, East Leake, Sutton Bonington, Keyworth and Radcliffe on Trent.

The constituency consists of Census Output Areas of one local government district with a working population whose income is close to the national average and has lower than average reliance upon social housing. At the end of 2012 the unemployment rate in the constituency stood as 1.9% of the population claiming jobseekers allowance, compared to the regional average of 3.5%. The borough contributing to the bulk of the seat has a low 15.1% of its population without a car, 16.4% of the population without qualifications and a very high 39.0% with level 4 qualifications or above. In terms of tenure a high 76.7% of homes are owned outright or on a mortgage as at the 2011 census across the district.

Members of Parliament
South Nottinghamshire prior to 1885

title: Rushcliffe (UK Parliament constituency)


text: Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OR/Blank


text:
Santa Rosa, Rio Grande do Sul

Santa Rosa is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, located at latitude 27º52'15" and longitude 54º28'53" at a height of 277 meters above sea level. It has an area of 488.42 km2. Its estimated population is 73,575 (2020). It is known as the "National Cradle of Soybeans".

History
Santa Rosa was created as a colony of European immigrants in 1915, mainly Italians, Germans and Russians. The German dialect traditionally spoken in the region is Riograndenser Hunsrückisch.

Notable residents

 * Xuxa, popular Brazilian celebrity
 * Cláudio Taffarel, Brazilian World Cup winning goalkeeper
 * Luís Carlos Winck, football player
 * Deonise, handball player, World Champion

Transportation
The city is served by Luís Alberto Lehr Airport.

Events

 * Soybean National Fair (Fenasoja)
 * South American Nativist Music Festival (Musicanto)
 * State Meeting of horticulture (Hortigranjeiros)
 * Dance in Santa Rosa Festival
 * Festival of Ethnic Groups
 * Piggy in Roller Feast
 * Cruzeiro Neighborhood Community Fair (EXPOCruzeiro)
 * Oktoberfest
 * Student Song Festival (Canto Livre)
 * Santa Rosa Shows Gramado

Economy
In agriculture, the city has the largest dairy basin in Rio Grande do Sul, providing, together with pig farming, raw materials for agro-industries. The city has a large production of soybeans, yerba mate, as well as vegetables and colonial products. In industry, the city has a strong metal-mechanical hub, manufacturing parts, machines and agricultural implements, with companies such as AGCO and John Deere. Around 66% of Brazilian harvesters are produced in the city.

title: Santa Rosa, Rio Grande do Sul


text:
Wally Whyton

Wallace Victor "Wally" Whyton (23 September 1929 – 22 January 1997) was a British musician, songwriter and radio and TV personality.

Biography
Born in London, England, Whyton grew up listening to jazz, blues and folk music, and learned to play first the piano, then trombone, and finally guitar. In 1956, while working in advertising, he formed the Vipers Skiffle Group, which became the resident band at the 2i's Coffee Bar in Soho. After a number of hit records produced by George Martin, including Whyton's song "Don't You Rock Me Daddy-O", the group split up in 1960, and Whyton moved into television work.

Photogenic and with a soft-spoken voice, Whyton normally wore a cardigan as he presented the children's programmes, Small Time, Lucky Dip, Tuesday Rendezvous (on which The Beatles made their second television appearance, performing "Love Me Do"), Five O'Clock Club, Ollie and Fred's Five O'Clock Club and Five O'Clock Funfair for Associated-Rediffusion and Rediffusion London. Whyton normally performed a song while playing his guitar on the children's shows. He was also a presenter on the BBC's Play School (1966) and Play Away (1973).

Subsequently, he was the host of Granada TV's Time for a Laugh. From the 1960s to the 1990s he was a presenter on BBC Radio 2, mainly fronting folk and country music programmes. One of these was "Hello Folk" and another "Country Club". In the 1970s "Hello Folk" was rebroadcast (coming live from London on tape) on BFBS. In 1976, he toured Germany, visiting the Forces Folk clubs presenting The McCalmans and Mike Harding.

Despite his busy schedule as a broadcaster, Whyton continued to find time to record. As well as recording an album of Woody Guthrie songs, Children's Songs of Woody Guthrie, he wrote and recorded the conservation anthem, Leave Them a Flower. The song was translated into Dutch for Flemish singer Louis Neefs who recorded it as Laat ons een bloem. His version became one of the biggest hits of his career and remains a favourite song in various all-time lists of best Flemish songs ever recorded. In February 2022, Laat ons een bloem finished 9th in the BeNe Top 1000, a list of 1000 best songs originating from the Netherlands and (Flemish) Belgium, as voted for by listeners of Flemish Radio 2.

Meanwhile, Whyton also recorded an album titled "Growing Up with Wally Whyton" including medleys of songs for children.

The cover of Whyton's It's Me, Mum! appeared on Steve Carter's Worst Album Covers Ever Created.

Whyton presented a regular show for the BBC World Service until a few weeks before his death from lung cancer in January 1997.

It's Me Mum
It's Me, Mum! (sic) (Fontana, STL5476) was released in 1968 and featured Whyton playing 12-string guitar and singing contemporary and traditional folk songs from the United States, an old music-hall song, and a couple of his own songs: "Selma, Alabama (April 1965)", and "When Winter Comes". Also appearing were John Mark (guitar), Phil Bates (bass) and Terry Cox (drums).
 * Track listing:
 * Side 1
 * "Gentle on My Mind" (John Hartford)
 * "Ballad of the Boll Weavil" (trad. arr Whyton)
 * "Little Red Hen" (Malvina Reynolds)
 * "Don't Send My Mother to Prison" (tune by Whyton, words by Geoffries/Jones)
 * "Tomorrow Is a Long Time" (Bob Dylan)
 * "The Urge for Going" (Joni Mitchell)
 * "1913 Massacre" (Woody Guthrie)
 * Side 2
 * "San Francisco Bay Blues" (Jesse Fuller)
 * "Greenback Dollar" (Hoyt Axton)
 * "When Winter Comes" (Whyton)
 * "900 Miles from Home" (trad. arr Whyton)
 * "Underground Train" (Egbert Moore)
 * "Leaving on a Jet Plane" (John Denver)
 * "Selma, Alabama (April 1965)" (Whyton)

title: Wally Whyton


text:
Talk:Cornelius Lanczos

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Alice
The following was removed:
 * According to a short speech delivered October 1, 2010 during Lanczos' induction to the NIST Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Staff, his daughter-in-law, Alice Lanczos, described his return to Hungary in 1939 from his then-position at Purdue University, when he attempted to convince his family to return to the US with him due to the anti-Jewish Nazi threat.

A statement like this one requires a source. — Rgdboer (talk) 22:22, 27 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cornelius Lanczos


text: Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OR/United States


text:
Talk:Great Plague of Vienna

I saw someone create this article and I want to know if anyone can wikify it. I'm currently excited about the countdown to article #540,000 get to 0. Georgia guy 02:18, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Need for Disab page for Great Plagues
Hey WBardwin, I just created this article, and I was hoping you could help me out with it in any way you can, especially because of your work with Great Plague of London. I can't really find any more info on it from just the books I have with me, or the Internet. Also, it could probably use some word choice help (it was late, I was tired). I guess Great Plague of Milan will have to come next, now that I think about it... :) Well, thanks for any help. --Dmcdevit 08:21, 22 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I dug out a little more information on this outbreak in Vienna and added it to your new article. If we want to do something about Milan in 1629, it might be better to rename it the "Italian Plague of 1629-1631."  Many of the Italian cities (Venice, Florence, Bologna, and throughout Lombardy) were hit just as hard as Milan but, because of its trading empire, its outbreak is better known.  Hope the info helps.  WBardwin 00:57, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks a lot for that. Also, I'm curious about Great Plague of London's redirect to Great Plague. Shouldn't it be the other way around? But now, especially with this new article, maybe "Great Plague" should just be a disambig. Thanks for your help. --Dmcdevit 05:05, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

The "Great Plague" redirect set up was around when I arrived. A disamig page should be just fine, since there are other "Great Plagues" as well. These are the ones that I know about. There are probably others.

 * Great Plague of Athens (430-427 BC)
 * causal agent: bubonic plague/smallpox/measles/typhus??
 * Great Plague of England (1348-1350)
 * causal agent: bubonic plague
 * Great Plague of Iceland (1402-1404)
 * causal agent: bubonic plague
 * Great Plague of Ireland (1348-1351)
 * causal agent: bubonic plague
 * Great Plague of London (1664-1665)
 * causal agent: bubonic plague
 * Great Plague of Milan (1629-1631)
 * aka Italian Plague of 1629-1631.
 * causal agent: bubonic plague
 * Great Plague of Scotland (1348-1350)
 * causal agent: bubonic plague
 * Great Plague of Vienna (1679-1680's)
 * causal agent: bubonic plague

WBardwin 19:32, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

Wow, good one. Here's some more I can think of offhand: the Plague of Justinian, 541, is known as the Great Plague (possibly just the Great Plague of Constantinople); The Black Death is often called the Great Plague (of Europe) as well; theres the Tolkien fictional Great Plague (Middle-earth); the yellow fever plague in Philadelphia in 1793 has been called the Great Plague; the bubonic plague outbreak in Marseilles in 1722; and I believe it is also a biblical reference, but I can't remember where from (Moses' plagues on Egypt?); one of Nostradamus' oft-touted predictions has to do with a cryptically pronounced "Great Plague"; and the term has also apocryphally been applied (in book titles and things) to the 1918 influenza epidemic, AIDS today, and the SARS outbreak (and probably others). --Dmcdevit 20:37, 23 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, so I've created Plague (disambiguation), leaving [[Plague as a redirect that can now be employed to give some general information and guide readers to the ''Main articles..." of each outbreak, perhaps even including redlinks to some of the plagues listed above. WBardwin, you're the one to come up with some starter text. Just re-edit Plague and substitute! --Wetman 21:40, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Great Plague of Vienna


text: File:Honda VFR800 1998 black 1.jpg

title: File:Honda VFR800 1998 black 1.jpg


text:
Ryedale (UK Parliament constituency)

Ryedale was a constituency in North Yorkshire represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. It was created in 1983 and abolished in 2010.

History
This was traditionally a safe Conservative seat, although it was briefly taken by Elizabeth Shields for the Liberal Party, following a by-election in 1986 held following the death of MP John Spence.

Boundaries
1983–1997: The District of Ryedale wards of Amotherby, Ampleforth, Birdsall, Clifton Without, Dales, Ebberston, Haxby North East, Haxby West, Helmsley, Hovingham, Huntington North, Huntington South, Kirby Misperton, Kirkbymoorside, Malton, New Earswick, Norton, Pickering, Rawcliffe, Rillington, Sherburn, Sheriff Hutton, Skelton, Stockton and Bossall, Strensall, Thornton Dale, and Wigginton, the District of Hambleton wards of Crayke, Easingwold, Helperby, Huby-Sutton, Shipton, Stillington, and Tollerton, and the Borough of Scarborough wards of Filey and Hertford.

1997–2010: The District of Ryedale wards of Amotherby, Ampleforth, Birdsall, Dales, Ebberston, Helmsley, Hovingham, Huntington North, Huntington South, Kirby Misperton, Kirkbymoorside, Malton, Norton, Osbaldwick and Heworth, Pickering, Rillington, Sherburn, Sheriff Hutton, Stockton and Bosall, Strensall, and Thornton Dale, and the Borough of Scarborough wards of Filey and Hertford.

The constituency was created in 1983 and at the time of its abolition in 2010, covered Ryedale (including Malton, Norton-on-Derwent, Helmsley and Pickering), Filey and the north eastern suburbs of York (including Huntington, Strensall, Osbaldwick and Heworth Without).

Boundary review
Following the Boundary Commission for England's review of parliamentary representation in North Yorkshire, Ryedale constituency was abolished, with its electoral wards being used to form a new Thirsk and Malton seat. These changes were implemented in 2010.

title: Ryedale (UK Parliament constituency)


text:
Talk:Northern panhandle of West Virginia

[Untitled]
Surely the one thing the reader wants to know is, how did this oddity come to be? --Wetman 02:19, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Two years and its still not included in the article. Maybe I will add it myself. IvoShandor 12:29, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

Needles
I have heard this referred to as the Needle or Needlepoint or some slangy term, does that happen or did I dream this up? If I didn't perhaps it merits mention? IvoShandor 12:28, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

Eddie Dew Memorial Airpark
Hi all, Wanted to let you know that Eddie Dew Memorial Airpark has been nominated for deletion. If any editor has constructive history, data, events, or other material to add to the article I'd appreciate it! Thanks again.  Market St.⧏  ⧐ Diamond Way  20:04, 20 July 2013 (UTC)

Midwestern Reference
The midwestern reference is extremely odd. The source cited specifically does not name West Virginia. The counties of Western Pennsylvania, Eastern Ohio, and the West Virginia Northern Panhandle are all deemed Appalachian counties by the Appalachian Regional Commission. I think you'd be hard pressed to find a source that states that the panhandle has midwestern characteristics outright. I think the reference needs to be removed barring a more specific source.

Adding to this too - if you click on the upland south page, it literally shows the panhandle as part of the upland south. I really think that whole sentence needs to be deleted. It just seems like a stretch in every sense of the word. Somethingdiscrete (talk)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Connecticut Panhandle which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:35, 7 January 2024 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Connecticut panhandle which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 03:04, 30 January 2024 (UTC)


text:
Thomas M. King

Thomas Mulvihill King, S.J. (born May 9, 1929 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, died June 23, 2009 in Washington, D.C.) was a professor of theology at Georgetown University. King entered the Society of Jesus in 1951 after completing undergraduate studies in English at the University of Pittsburgh. As a Jesuit, he undertook further studies at Fordham University and Woodstock College and was ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 1964. After completing a doctorate in theology at the University of Strasbourg in 1968, King began teaching at Georgetown. A member of the American Teilhard Association, he has written or edited several books on Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, including Teilhard's Mysticism of Knowing (1981), Teilhard and the Unity of Knowledge (1983) Teilhard de Chardin (1988), The Letters of Teilhard de Chardin and Lucile Swan (1993) and Teilhard's Mass (2005). His other works include Sartre and the Sacred (1974), Enchantments: Religion and the Power of the Word (1989), Merton: Mystic at the Center of America (1992) and Jung's Four and Some Philosophers (1999). He also wrote the introduction for a new 2004 translation by Sion Cowell of Teilhard's The Divine Milieu.

Impact at Georgetown University
Father King was also well-known among Georgetown students and alumni for offering Mass at 11:15 p.m. each night from Sunday to Friday in Dahlgren Chapel on Georgetown's main campus, a tradition he started in 1969. In 1999, The Hoya, Georgetown's student newspaper, declared King "Georgetown's Man of the Century", noting that "no one has had a more significant presence on campus and effect on students than Father King.". In addition, Father King was presented as third in a series of cover stories regarding Jesuit identity in the Georgetown Voice on September 27, 2001.

Political Positions
In line with Catholic moral teaching, he took a strong stance against abortion and euthanasia and was the co-founder of the University Faculty of Life, a group that seeks to create dialogue on life issues in the academic community. King was also a member of Pax Christi and opposed war and capital punishment, though he stressed the peaceful prevention of conflict over strict pacifism.

Final Days
Fr. King turned 80 on May 9, 2009. Many different groups of friends, colleagues, and former students came together to celebrate his 80th birthday and 40 years of 11:15pm Mass over the months of May and June. On June 23, 2009, King died of heart attack in his bedroom at the Jesuit Residence at Georgetown University in Washington, DC.

Books Written or Edited By King

 * Teilhard's Mass: Approaches to "The Mass on the World". Mahwah, NJ: Paulist, 2005.
 * Jung's Four and Some Philosophers: A Paradigm for Philosophy. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1999.
 * The Letters of Teilhard de Chardin and Lucile Swan. Editor, with Mary Gilbert. Washington, DC: Georgetown Univ Pr, 1993.
 * Merton: Mystic at the Center of America. Collegeville, Minn: Liturgical Pr, 1992.
 * Enchantments: Religion and the Power of the Word. Kansas City, Mo: Sheed & Ward, 1989.
 * Teilhard de Chardin. Wilmington, Del: Michael Glazier, 1988.
 * Teilhard and the Unity of Knowledge. Editor, with James F. Salmon. New York: Paulist Pr, 1983.
 * Teilhard's Mysticism of Knowing. New York: Seabury Pr, 1981.
 * Sartre and the Sacred. Chicago: Univ of Chicago Pr, 1974.

Journal Articles and Book Chapters by King

 * "Reflection from a Roman Catholic Priest." In Hail Mary and Rhythmic Breathing: A New Way of Praying the Rosary, vii-viii. Mahwah, New Jersey: Paulist Press, 2006.
 * "Believers and their disbelief." Zygon 42, no. 3 (September 2007): 779-791.
 * "The Thomas Merton Encyclopedia." Theological Studies 67, no. 4 (December 2006): 931-932.
 * "God and the Human Future." In Teilhard and the Future of Humanity, 20-28. New York: Fordham University Press, 2006.
 * "An atheist on the 'compost of Catholicity': remembering Jean-Paul Sartre on his centennial." National Catholic Reporter 41, no. 32 (June 17, 2005): 18.
 * "Scientific Research as Adoration: Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1881-1955)." The Way 44, no. 3	(July 2005): 21-34.
 * "Teilhard makes Christianity most exciting thing on block." National Catholic Reporter 41, no. 25 (April 22, 2005): 8-10.
 * "Teilhard and the environment." Ecotheology 10, no. 1 (April 2005): 88-98.
 * "A Holy Man and Lover of the World: the spirituality of Teilhard de Chardin." America 192, no. 11 (March 28, 2005): 7-10.
 * Forward. In The Divine Milieu, vii-xxvi. Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2004.
 * "Teilhard's unity of knowledge." In Teilhard in the 21st Century, 33-43. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2003.
 * "Globalization and the soul: according to Teilhard, Friedman, and others." Zygon 37, no. 1 (March 2002): 25-33.
 * "Teilhard and Globalization." Theology Digest 40, no. 3 (2002): 211-215.
 * "Le Salut du Monde selon Teilhard de Chardin (The Salvation of the World According to Teilhard de Chardin)." In Le sens de l'évolution en question? : Colloque international Teilhard de Chardin, 2001, Lille-Hastings, Saint-Etienne: Aubin, 2002.
 * "Virtual Faith: The Irreverent Spiritual Quest of Generation X (Book Review)." Theological Studies 60, no. 3 (September 1999): 587.
 * "Jung and Catholic Spirituality." America 180, no. 11 (April 1999): 12-15.
 * "Karl Barth And Thomas Merton Climbing Church Towers At Night." America 179, no. 19 (December 12, 1998): 12-14.
 * "Work on Teilhard, 1980-1994 : An Annotated Bibliography." With James F. Salmon. Zygon 30, no. 1 (March 1995): 131-142.
 * "An Explosion of Dazzling Flashes : Teilhard's Unity of Faith and Science." Zygon 30, no. 1 (March 1995): 105-115.
 * "The consecration of our world in the spiritual exercises of Ignatius." Journal of Spiritual Formation 15, no. 3 (November 1994): 273.
 * "Thomas Merton: The Development of a Spiritual Theologian." Theological Studies 47, no. 3 (September 1986): 546-547.
 * "The Milieux Teilhard left behind." America 152 (March 1985): 249-254.
 * "A Writer Loses Himself: A Study of Thomas Merton." Chicago Studies 24, no. 1 (1985): 69-86.
 * "A sermon for Teilhard's Mass on the world." In Teilhard and the Unity of Knowledge, 150-152. Ramsey, NJ: Paulist Press, 1983.
 * "Appendix : Teilhard and Piltdown." In Teilhard and the Unity of Knowledge, 159-169. Ramsey, NJ: Paulist Press, 1983.
 * "The Teilhard centennial." America 146, no. 16 (April 1982): 318-319.
 * "Atheism of Jean-Paul Sartre." In God in Contemporary Thought, 851-863. New York: Learned Pub, 1977.

Book Reviews by King

 * "Boredom and the Religious Imagination (Book Review)." Theological Studies 61, no. 4 (December 2000): 799.
 * "Religion and the Spiritual in Carl Jung (Book Review)." Theological Studies 61, no. 2 (June 2000): 392.
 * "Wounded Prophet: A Portrait of Henri J. M. Nouwen (Book Review)." Theological Studies 60, no. 4 (December 1999): 792.
 * "Nearer My God: An Autobiography of Faith (Book Review)." America 178, no. 3 (January 31, 1998): 32-39.
 * "The Phenomenon of Teilhard: Prophet for a New Age (Book Review)." Theological Studies 58, no. 1 (March 1997): 193.
 * "Searching for Christ: The Spirituality of Dorothy Day (Book Review)." Theological Studies 56, no. 1 (March 1995): 169.
 * "Silent Lamp: The Thomas Merton Story (Book Review)." Theological Studies 54, no. 1 (March 1993): 199.
 * "Thomas Merton's Art of Denial: The Evolution of a Radical Humanist (Book Review)." Theological Studies 51, no. 1 (March 1990): 178.
 * "Up and Down Merton's Mountain: A Contemporary Spiritual Journey (Book Review)." Books and Religion 16, (1989): 9.
 * "Thomas Merton: The Ongoing Story; A Vow of Conversation (Book Review)." Books and Religion 16, (1989): 9.
 * "New seeds for Merton contemplation (Book Review)." Books and Religion 16, (1989): 9.
 * "Thomas Merton in Alaska (Book Review)." Books and Religion 16, (1989): 9.
 * "Thomas Merton on Nuclear Weapons (Book Review)." Books and Religion 16, (1989): 9.
 * "Honorable Reader (Book Review)." Books and Religion 16, (1989): 9.
 * "Thomas Merton (Book Review)." Theological Studies 47, no. 3 (September 1986): 546-547.
 * "A Reason to Hope: A Synthesis of Teilhard de Chardin's Vision and Systems Thinking (Book Review)." Theological Studies 45, no. 2 (June 1984): 395-396.
 * "The Cosmic Christ in Origen and Teilhard de Chardin (Book Review)." Theological Studies 44, no. 2 (June 1983): 324-325.
 * "Evolution from space (Book Review)." America 147 (October 1982): 238-239.
 * "The spirit of the earth (Book Review)." America 145 (December 1981): 407-408.
 * "Teilhard, Scripture, and Revelation (Book Review)." Theological Studies 42, no. 4 (December 1981): 690-691.
 * "Towards a New Mysticism (Book Review)." Theological Studies 42, no. 2 (June 1981): 318-320.
 * "The Heart of Matter (Book Review)." Theological Studies 40, no. 4 (December 1979): 760-762.
 * "Exercises in Religious Understanding (Book Review)." Theological Studies 36, no. 3 (September 1975): 533-534.
 * "Jung, Gods, and Modern Man (Book Review)." Theological Studies 32, no. 3 (September 1971): 554-555.

title: Thomas M. King


text:
Saffron Walden (UK Parliament constituency)

Saffron Walden was a constituency in Essex, represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 1922 to 2024 by members of the Conservative Party.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished. Subject to relatively minor boundary changes, it was reformed as North West Essex for the 2024 general election.

Constituency profile
The constituency was by far the largest and most rural in Essex and covered the entire north-west corner of the county, an area of almost 400 sqmi. It bordered Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire and also extended deep into the middle of Essex near Chelmsford.

Two medium-sized market towns, Saffron Walden and Great Dunmow, were in the constituency. Both of these have historic links and are busy and regionally visitor-drawing towns in the South East.

The largest single source of employment in the constituency is Stansted Airport, while there are also a host of small businesses, many of them high-tech, along and at the ends of the London–Cambridge corridor.

In statistics
The constituency consisted of Census Output Areas from two local government districts with similar characteristics. Uttlesford district formed the bulk and has a working population whose income is close to the national average and a much lower than average reliance upon social housing. At the end of 2012, the unemployment rate in the constituency stood at 1.6% of the population claiming jobseekers allowance, compared to the regional average of 2.4%. The borough contributing to the bulk of the seat has a very low 10.1% of its population without a car, 17.7% of the population without qualifications, and a high 31.9% had level 4 qualifications or above. In terms of tenure, 71.6% of homes are owned outright or on a mortgage as of the 2011 census across the Uttlesford district.

History
Saffron Walden was one of eight single-member divisions of Essex (later classified as county constituencies) created by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, replacing the three two member divisions of East, South and West Essex.

The boundaries were redrawn under the Representation of the People Act 1918, then remained virtually unchanged until changes brought in for the 2010 general election by the Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies.

This has been a Conservative safe seat based on election results since 1922, in which period the majorities have occasionally been marginal. However, the constituency returned a Conservative majority at the 2019 general election of over 27,000.

1885–1918

 * The Borough of Saffron Walden;
 * The Sessional Divisions of Freshwell, Hinckford North, and Walden:
 * Part of the Sessional Division of Hinckford South (Halstead Bench);
 * The part of the Borough of Sudbury in the county of Essex; and
 * The parish of Thaxted.

Formed from northern parts of the abolished West Division of Essex including the Municipal Borough of Saffron Walden, and northern parts of the abolished East Division.

1918–1950

 * The Borough of Saffron Walden;
 * The Urban District of Halstead; and
 * The Rural Districts of Belchamp, Bumpstead, Dunmow, Halstead, Saffron Walden, and Stansted.

''Gained northern parts of Epping, including Great Dunmow and Hatfield Broad Oak, and northern parts of Maldon, including Halstead. Other minor changes.''

1950–1974

 * The Borough of Saffron Walden;
 * The Urban District of Halstead;
 * The Rural Districts of Dunmow, Halstead, and Saffron Walden; and
 * The Rural District of Braintree parishes of Bardfield Saling and Great Bardfield.

Local authorities re-organised – only nominal changes to boundaries of constituency.

1974–1983

 * The Borough of Saffron Walden;
 * The Urban District of Halstead; and
 * The Rural Districts of Dunmow, Halstead, and Saffron Walden.

The two small parishes within the Rural District of Braintree were included in the new constituency of Braintree.

1983–1997

 * The District of Uttlesford; and
 * The District of Braintree wards of Bumpstead, Castle Hedingham, Colne Engaine and Greenstead Green, Earls Colne, Gosfield, Halstead St Andrews, Halstead Trinity, Sible Hedingham, Stour Valley Central, Stour Valley North, Stour Valley South, Upper Colne, and Yeldham.

Local authorities re-organised – no changes to boundaries of constituency.

1997–2010

 * The District of Uttlesford; and
 * The District of Braintree wards of Bumpstead, Castle Hedingham, Colne Engaine and Greenstead Green, Halstead St Andrews, Halstead Trinity, Sible Hedingham, Stour Valley Central, Stour Valley North, Stour Valley South, Upper Colne, and Yeldham.

Two small wards (Earls Colne and Gosfield) transferred to Braintree.

2010–2024

 * The District of Uttlesford; and
 * The Borough of Chelmsford wards of Boreham and The Leighs, Broomfield and The Walthams, Chelmsford Rural West, and Writtle.

''The 2010 redistribution resulted in a major change, with eastern areas in the District of Braintree, including Halstead, being transferred to Braintree. Extended southwards to incorporate northern and western rural areas of the Borough of Chelmsford, including Writtle, which were transferred from the abolished constituency of West Chelmsford.''

Members of Parliament
From the snap election in 2017 until its abolition in 2024, this safe Conservative seat was represented by Kemi Badenoch. It was held for many years by former Chancellor of the Exchequer Rab Butler and by former Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons Sir Alan Haselhurst.

Elections in the 1930s
General Election 1939–40: Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place from 1939 and by the end of this year, the following candidates had been selected;
 * Conservative: Rab Butler
 * Labour: Clara Rackham

 * The Liberal candidate, Arthur Musgrove Mathews withdrew at the last minute

Elections in the 1910s

Elections in the 1890s

 * Caused by Gardner's appointment as President of the Board of Agriculture


text:
User:DaveG

A few items of interest:

Physics

Mathematics

Computers

Anime

title: User:DaveG


text:
Salford (UK Parliament constituency)

Salford is a borough constituency in Greater Manchester represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. The borough constituency dated from 1997 and was abolished in 2010, replaced by Salford and Eccles.

A parliamentary borough of the same name existed from 1832 to 1885. The historic constituency returned two MPs from 1868.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat will be re-established for the 2024 general election, formed primarily from the (to be abolished) constituency of Salford and Eccles.

Boundaries 1832–1885
In 1832 the constituency was formed from the townships of Broughton, Pendleton and Salford, with part of the township of Pendlebury. The exact boundaries were defined in the Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832: "From the Northernmost Point at which the Boundary of the Township of Salford meets the Boundary of the Township of Broughton, Northward, along the Boundary of the Township of Broughton, to the Point at which the same meets the Boundary of the Township of Pendleton; thence, Westward, along the Boundary of the Township of Pendleton to the Point at which the same meets the Boundary of the detached Portion of the Township of Pendlebury; thence, Southward, along the Boundary of the detached Portion of the Township of Pendlebury to the Point at which the same meets the Boundary of the Township of Salford; thence, Westward, along the Boundary of the Township of Salford to the Point first described."

In 1883 the detached portion of Pendlebury was absorbed by Pendleton.

Boundaries 1997–2010
The constituency was re-created for the 1997 election. It boundaries were defined by the Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1995, and consisted of eight wards of the City of Salford: Blackfriars, Broughton, Claremont, Kersal, Langworthy, Ordsall, Pendleton, and Weaste & Seedley.

A very safe Labour seat which had some of the UK's most deprived areas, typified by council estates like Ordsall, Pendleton and Langworthy, which are now due for apparent redevelopment. Higher Broughton has a considerable Jewish population and has some very decent residential housing, but even here Labour are usually in the lead at local level; the Conservatives, like all the other neighbouring Manchester seats, are now in third place in General Elections.

2010 boundary review
Following its review of parliamentary representation in Greater Manchester the Boundary Commission for England recommended that Salford be split into three new constituencies and this was enacted in 2010:

 * Blackley and Broughton, a cross-border constituency formed with wards in the current Manchester Blackley seat.
 * Salford and Eccles takes the existing Salford seat and marries it with central electoral wards of Eccles
 * Worsley and Eccles South brings Walkden, Worsley and Eccles together in a new seat following the removal of the Wigan-Salford link

2024–
Further to the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, enacted by the Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023, from the 2024 United Kingdom general election, the re-established constituency will be composed of the following wards of the City of Salford (as they existed on 1 December 2020):

 * Blackfriars & Trinity; Broughton; Claremont; Ordsall; Pendlebury & Clifton; Pendleton & Charlestown; Quays; Swinton Park; Weaste & Seedley.

''The constituency will comprise the majority of, and replace, the constituency of Salford and Eccles - excluding the towns of Eccles and Swinton. It will also include Broughton, transferred from Blackley and Broughton (to be abolished).''

Elections in the 1870s

 * Caused by Cawley's death.

Elections in the 1860s

 * Seat increased to two members

 * Caused by Massey's resignation after his appointment as a member of the Council of India.

Elections in the 1850s

 * Caused by Brotherton's death

title: Salford (UK Parliament constituency)


text:
Talk:Amendments to the Constitution of Ireland

"Amendments to" Vs. "Amendments of"
Shouldn't the title be 'Amendments to the constitution of Ireland'? Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 21:51, 22 Mar 2005 (UTC)

It should indeed. I'll rename it. (I knew something about the page didn't look right, but I couldn't recognise what! Of course of should be to. Well spotted. FearÉIREANN 00:07, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * You're not exactly right about this fellas so please don't move the article. If you look at the titles and provisions of the various constitutional amendment acts they all use "amendments of" rather than "to". So, for example, the act for the most recent Twenty-seventh Amendment provides in section 2 (my italics added):

 * (1) The amendment of the Constitution effected by this Act shall be called the Twenty-seventh Amendment of the Constitution.
 * (2) This Act may be cited as the Twenty-seventh Amendment of the Constitution Act 2004.

 * Of course the practice in the United States is "amendments to". I would be interested to know why the custom has evolved this way in Ireland and whether or not any other country has "amendments of" its constitution.

 * Iota 03:53, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)

OK — though I wasn't going on U.S. usage, just normal English. It's not that I think 'amendment of' is wrong, it's just that 'amendment to' is more usual (I think that 'of' is more usual when what's being changed is an action, a direction, etc., while 'to' is usual when it's something like a document). As the article's text used 'amendment to', even in the first phrase of the summary, I just assumed that the title was slip.

As for why it's evolved that way, I'd blame the lawyers; they do write a peculiar form of English, usually defended as making things less ambigious, but often doing no such thing. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 10:36, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)

People may indeed refer to individual amendments of the constitution, but generally people speak collectively about amendments to the constitution. When one is amending the constitution the amendment is not yet part of the text, so one can talk correctly about an amendment of the text or to the text, with either being acceptable. Looking retrospectively one is describing the constitution which includes the amendments, so it is standard to talk about amendments that were added to the text. Of is taken as implying a form of separation between the amendments and the constitution, when in fact, that separation ceases when the amendment is added to the text. It is a minor linguistic point, but my vote would incline to use to rather than of in the context of this article. It also corresponds with wikipedia policy of 'most common usage'. There are many exceptions where most common form is technically wrong, or where there are linguistic, historical or other reasons for using a different form to what is most widely used (eg, one should refer to the Gladstone ministry rather than the Gladstone government because ministry rather than government was the contemporary word to use. Similarly one should call the main Irish prison Mountjoy Gaol rather than Mountjoy Jail because the former was the contemporary spelling used when it was created, was the predominant usage until recently and is still used by many in preference to the American english "jail".) Of here rather than on is not sufficiently used, or has sufficient legal, historical or political justification, to use in preference to the more widely used on. But it is a minor point. Overall it is a very good article indeed. Congratulations to the person who started it and whomever added to it. It is the sort of article that makes wikipedia so useful sometimes. FearÉIREANN 21:44, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Jtdirl/FearÉIREANN just moved this article to Amendments to the Constitution of Ireland, and I've reversed this. The convention on Wikipedia, as we all know, is to achieve a consensus before moving an article. I think I've made clear that I oppose this move so given only two contributors have an opinion there is no consensus. I'm not an administrator so I've been forced to do a cut and paste as an interim measure. Someone else will have to move the article back using the proper method. I'll go into a bit more detail on why I oppose the move on this talkpage when I get a chance. Iota 02:37, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

You should never ever ever do cut and paste. It is the cardinal rule on wikipedia. You have now created two talk pages with different names to the same article and jammed up links. If you had waited 30 seconds you would have found out that the reason the move was made was because it was the 100% advice of all academics (law lecturers, political scientists and english lecturers) who say that of can be used to describe singular proposed amendments, because they are literally an amendment of the constitution. But collectively they are never described as of and always described as to because you are talking about adding amendments (plural) to the constitution. You cannot add a series of amendments of a constitution. It is elementary. I was simply putting the page at the correct legal and grammatical title, given that it is named in the plural, not the singular. [rest of the comment removed by its author]. Fear ÉIREANN 02:51, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I accept Iota make a mistake. He has apologied for the error. I've erased one of the two talk pages and redirected this one to its space, and rolled back all his changes, so all the archives and talk pages are all connected to each other.Jeez. I didn't think I was that technically capable! :-)  So mess untangled, links and hopefully peace restored. Fear ÉIREANN  03:34, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Well we can agree now that cut-and-pastes are a bad idea. However I still fundamentally reject the idea that it's permissable for an individual to unilaterally by-pass the normal process of achieving consensus for moving an article, no matter how justified or correct they may feel the move is. Decisions are taken on Wikipedia collectively, not by dictat. At the very least prior consultation is a courtesy to those who have been involved in creating an article. I think you are very wrong if you think this kind of unilateralism is how things are done, but if you disagree then I don't see much point in getting into a protracted debate about it. Iota 17:23, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

It is actually standard for grammatical and factual changes to be changed directly by a move. Consensus is central in debating issues like correct name - eg, Bunreacht na hEireann or Constitution of Ireland, Belfast Agreement of Good Friday Agreement? But it is standard for errors in grammar, spelling mistakes, names not following the Manual of Style and Naming Conventions, etc to be changed unilaterally. That happens all over wikipedia all the time. All I did was remove the grammatically inelegant and technically incorrect use of of when speaking collectively about a series of amendments, and replace it by the grammatically, linguistically and technically correct on. Fear ÉIREANN 19:02, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Disputed: UK citizens' voting elegibility in constitutional referenda
I believe this statement may be inaccurate: "While United Kingdom citizens resident in the state may vote in a general election, only Irish citizens can participate in a referendum."

Article 47 section 3 of the Irish constitution states that "Every citizen who has the right to vote at an election for members of Dáil Éireann shall have the right to vote at a Referendum." these statements seem to be contradictory.

I am unable to verify whether this section was amended after the 20th Amendment.

here is the source I have used

 * According to www.citizensinformation.ie to vote in a referendum:
 * "Who can vote? You must be an Irish citizen. You must be at least 18 years old. Your name must be on the Register of Electors."

 * I know, Wikipedia isn't a source but from Ninth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland: "The purpose of the Ninth Amendment was to allow UK citizens resident in the Republic to vote in Dáil elections. This was to reciprocate the Ireland Act 1949, which had granted Irish citizens resident in the UK the right to vote in elections to the British parliament. The effect of the amendment was to allow the Oireachtas (parliament) to extend the right to vote at Dáil elections to any non-citizens it chooses by simply passing a law. The amendment did not affect presidential elections or referendums, for which one must still be an Irish citizen in order to vote." Article 47 section 3 refers to Irish citizens only. Snappy (talk) 04:23, 3 December 2008 (UTC)

Good to know, thanks for clearing that up.

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Amendments to the Constitution of Ireland. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131103044329/http://www.president.ie/acts-signed-by-president-higgins-2/ to http://www.president.ie/acts-signed-by-president-higgins-2/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150729084643/http://www.referendum.ie/results.php?ref=11 to http://referendum.ie/results.php?ref=11
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20040606073716/http://www.johnpghall.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/ to http://www.johnpghall.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/

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Different background colours for repealed amendments
I'm not sure I like the idea. The peach background chose is too close to my eyes to the pink for a rejected referendum. These amendments were carried in 1983 and 1992, even if later repealed, and should be shown in green so that readers can see which referendums were carried by voters. -Iveagh Gardens (talk) 14:44, 28 May 2018 (UTC)
 * The other catch is what counts as a repealed amendment. If the 36th will shortly repeal the 8th, 13th and 14th, we should note that the 28th amendment repealed the 10th, 11th, 18th, 24th and 26th amendments. — Blue-Haired Lawyer t 00:01, 29 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Well spotted! The colours should simply indicate whether it passed or failed when proposed! —Iveagh Gardens (talk) 08:54, 29 May 2018 (UTC)

I added a color key to the beginning of the colored table. Please check/tweak the wording to suit. Normal Op (talk) 17:47, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

Numbering
Why is the numbering so inconsistent with regards to those that were not approved? Why is there no 12th, 22nd, 24th, 25th, 32nd, or 35th amendments, while in the case of the 3rd, 10th, 28th, and 30th amendments, the numbers were not skipped over, despite preceding amendments defeated in referenda? XinaNicole (talk) 08:16, 5 June 2018 (UTC)
 * It is explained here [List of failed amendments to the Constitution of Ireland#Missing numbers]]. I've added a link to it in the Amendments section. Spleodrach (talk) 15:45, 5 June 2018 (UTC)


text:
Disneyland Resort line

The Disneyland Resort line is a commuter rail line connecting Sunny Bay to the Hong Kong Disneyland Resort, coloured pink on the network diagram. It is the seventh line of the former MTR network before the merger of MTR and KCR, and the world's first metro line designed to service a Disney theme park. There are only two stations on this line, Sunny Bay and Disneyland Resort, and the line operates as a shuttle service between these two stations. Sunny Bay station is an interchange station with the Tung Chung line between Tsing Yi and Tung Chung stations. Administratively, the entire line is in Tsuen Wan District, despite being situated on Lantau Island, and is the only MTR line in Hong Kong to run within a single district.

Construction
The rail link was constructed by Gammon Construction and completed in April 2005.

In preparation for the opening of Hong Kong Disneyland on 12 September, the line started operating on 1 August 2005. The rolling stock is distinctive on account of its Mickey Mouse windows, interior couch seating, and Disneyland figurines displayed in the carriages.

On 4 September 2005, the Disneyland Resort line served nearly 40,000 passengers. Peak patronage occurs around 08:00–10:00 and 21:00–23:00 hours, at the parks' respective opening and closing times.

Train design
The Disneyland Resort line is 3.5 km long, and has a travel time of around 6 minutes. Its track gauge is. The MTR designed a new driverless train and produced it by refitting existing M-Trains for the line which is designed with a Disney theme in mind. Bronze statues of well-known Disney characters, such as Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck, are included inside of the trains, and the windows are shaped like Mickey Mouse's head, instead of the rounded rectangles found on trains of other lines.

All of the trains used on the Disneyland Resort line were originally ordered from 1994-1998 as subtype H-Stock train (Phase 3 EMU, A/C 270-291, B/C 486-496). MTR contracted Alstom for these trains, but they were made in England, much like the Phase 1 and 2 trains ordered from 1979–1989 and made by Metro-Cammell (also in England), which was acquired by GEC Alsthom (now Alstom) in 1989. Units A/C274 A/C281 A/C284 A/C289 A/C291 and B/C490 are now used on the Disneyland Resort line; they were refurbished in 2005 by United Goninan, the same company that modernized the Urban Line trains from 1998-2001.

These trains are the first on the MTR to use automatic train operation during normal operation, followed by the CNR Changchun EMUs in service on the South Island line. However, unlike the South Island line, the operator's cab area has been retained, visible through glass windows at each end of the train.

Stations
This is a list of the stations on the Disneyland Resort line.

List

Disneyland Resort station was designed in Victorian architecture, while Sunny Bay was designed to be modern. This contrast in design was done to make passengers feel like they are travelling through time between the fantasy world of the Disneyland Resort and the rest of the city.

title: Disneyland Resort line