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User:Conwiki

Hello this is User:Conwiki. I am a fan of wikipedia but not yet an expert. In the past I have contributed to things like programming, math, history, and current events. A few facts I added to the latter two where edited out becuase they were not encyclopedic. They were facts that were more important to a conspiratorial view of history then the encyclopedic view. So I decided to create my own mediawiki site called www.conwiki.com to house information such as conspiracies and heavily disputed topics that get edited out of wikipedia due to lack of encyclopedic nature. At conwiki, we have room for everybody's viewpoints, not just the generally accepted one. We're brand new and looking for a few good content writers. If you see any people on wikipedia who are fustrated by getting their information edited out, send them to us.

I have recently been honored the deletion crown from wickipedia, for all the right reasons. I had not done my homework re pov, essays, etc. As that was my first attempt, and with guidance from experienced wickers, I now find myself at your site with a copy of my initial post at wickipedia, below. I wrote this material, experienced it, and feel it useful in the field of conspiracies, coverups and that ugly word, treason. The site URL following my original post just happens to have survived, along with my comments in the "covert operations" section of wickipedia. For some strange reason, that did not offend any of the editors, perhaps because it is just an 'edit' add on.

Treason In Wartime.

During June, 1966, the President of the United States, Lyndon Johnson, conducted a National Security Council meeting on the subject of Cambodia re his concerns over the real potential for the expansion of the war in Vietnam into 60,000 square miles of Cambodia. He was also concerned with repeated allegations from then Prince, now King, Norodom Sihanouk, that the United States, and in particular the CIA, was attempting to assassinate him. And he was concerned with the continued use of Khmer Serie, K/S, elements, who were then known to be the Government in exile from Cambodia and located in South Vietnam, with the avowed intent to overthrow the Cambodian Government. The South Vietnamese Government had been aware of and condoned the use of K/S activities against Cambodia originating from South Vietnam before November, 1963. State Department documents show their own awareness of this activity.

During this National Security Council meeting The President directed the CIA and State Department to cease and desist all support for K/S operations. He also directed the CIA and State Department to convey his desires for non-support of the K/S to the Royal Thai Government, RTG, who had been supporting K/S operations from Thailand into the North Western Border areas of Cambodia. He also directed the same concerns be conveyed to the Government of South Vietnam, GVN, who had supported K/S operations from South Vietnam into the Eastern provinces of Cambodia.

In addition, a major conern of LBJ was the real potential of Chinese intervention in support of the Sihanouk Government in the event of RTG and GVN military action in Cambodia. Thailand and Vietnam had been antagonists of and invaded Cambodia on many occasions. Sihanouk had discussed Chinese assistance in the event of intervention with the Peoples Republic of China, PRC, on his many visits to Bejing.

LBJ wanted to "get closer" to Sihanouk and assure him that the United States was not behind nor condoning his assassination nor his overthrow and directed that this information be conveyed personally and in a hand carried letter from LBJ to Sihanouk through diplomatic channels.

The Khmer Serie, (pronounced sir eye) which translates to "Free Cambodia", was the major anti-Sihanouk movement during the Vietnam War and vowed the violent overthrow of the Cambodian Government.

LBJ directed that no K/S members be allowed to accompany the US led cross border operations then underway into Cambodia from Vietnam. These operations were known as Daniel Boone and Shining Brass. Their missions were to locate and disrupt North Vietnamese military operations using Cambodia as a sanctuary for operations against South Vietnam. This directive was to preclude K/S members from being captured during operations in Cambodia and becoming an additional embarassment for LBJ after he had assured Sihanouk that the US was not supporting his overthrow or assassination.

The once Top Secret documents containing the above information were declassified by the State Department in the year 2000 and placed on the Internet by the LBJ Library in Austin, Texas. They can be located and viewed from the following URL.

http://johnmccarthy90066.tripod.com/id48.html

When compared with the information in the following site, there can be no doubt that the President's directives issued during National Security Council meetings in 1966 were blatantly disregarded during wartime as evidenced by the revelations in 1967 that CIA was still continuing to use K/S elements for the overthrow of the Cambodian Government, the assassination of Sihanouk and supporting the K/S financially, all in a covert manner. The coordination of these activities was directed by the US Embassy in Saigon using US Special Forces personnel operating and living as civilians with assigned names, cover story and identification provided by the US Embassy, CIA.

http://www.fromthewilderness.com/free/hall/Mac.html

During March, 1968, LBJ announced he would not seek nor accept his parties nomination for reelection as President of The United States.

His reasoning was that he had been dis-served by his closest advisors. He did not elaborate.

But the documents don't lie. This information provides an insight to the real potential for abuse by the Intelligence Community. There is no definition for such activity other than Treason in Wartime. And legally, there is no statute of limitation.

John McCarthy http://johnmccarthy90066.tripod.com vpocv@hotmail.com vpocv@comcast.net

Also, if putting my site here is spam, just let me know. I am hoping my site is considered a good thing by wikipedians as people who are considered a nuisance here can be redirected to www.conwiki.com where they will be welcomed.

Thanks for coming by, feel free to leave a message here. Conwiki 04:41, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Conwiki


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Talk:Minimum mean square error

Article name
I've chosen to name this article minimum mean-square error since is seems to be the most frequent form encountered (on the web). Minimum mean-squared error only get appoximately half the hits when searching the web using google. Redirects from minimum mean-squared error, minimum mean square error and minimum mean squared error have been added to collect the most common forms of spelling. --Fredrik Orderud 00:42, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I've moved the article from Minimum mean square error to Minimum mean-square error since removing the dash makes the article title consistent with Mean square error, one of the provided references, and my Probability and Statistics textbook. ~MDD4696 13:42, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

Cleanup needed
I think this article needs a rewrite: I'm thinking of making some of these changes at some point in the near future. Any comments/suggestions before I go ahead and do it? --Zvika (talk) 09:05, 8 January 2008 (UTC)
 * MMSE is basically a Bayesian concept, since from a frequentist point of view there is no single minimum MSE estimator. This should be made clear right from the top.
 * Relative efficiency is defined but never used. Is this relevant here?
 * I was unable to understand the meaning or relevance of the discussion in the "Operational Considerations" section. Again, this article should deal only with the Bayesian viewpoint, with maybe a short reference and link to competing frequentist methods like UMVU estimators.
 * The numeric example is nice, but it doesn't explain the underlying concepts. Three important points which can be illustrated with such an example are:
 * The orthogonality principle
 * The fact that the MMSE estimator is linear in the Gaussian case
 * The general formula for a linear MMSE estimator

 * I have completed the cleanup according to the above points, to the best of my ability and understanding. Any comments are welcome. --Zvika (talk) 19:08, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

I disagree. It is not just a Bayesian concept. I wrote a book on this a long time ago. There are lots of examples: the simplest is where coefficient of variation is known or can be estimated. Other examples include Stein estimation and Ridge regression.

The statement "The fact that the MMSE estimator is linear in the Gaussian case" surely shows a frequentist perspective? It is however incorrect IMHO. The 'proof' in the article relates to 'unbiassed estimators. However, as it relates to Gaussian data it is not really relevant to the general issue.
 * Johnbibby (talk) 21:53, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Both Stein estimation and ridge regression are frequentist techniques. They are not MMSE -- that they do not achieve the lowest possible MSE. Perhaps our dispute is on wording: the James-Stein estimator is designed to reduce the MSE (compared with LS); it does not bring the MSE to a minimum, though. Indeed, in the frequentist setting you cannot minimize the MSE because improving the MSE for some values of the unknown parameter will invariably deteriorate performance for other values. So there is no unique minimum MSE.
 * I do not see why you think that my quote about Gaussianity requires a frequentist perspective. The statement itself is correct and can be more accurately stated as follows: "In the jointly Gaussian case the MMSE is linear in the data" [Kay, Statistical Signal Processing, vol.1, p.350). There is no proof (with or without quotes) in the article, so I'm not really sure what exactly you're referring to. --Zvika (talk) 10:10, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

Probability Contention
The use of terms such as minimum error and unbiased are hotly contended subjects, and
 * MMSE is used in both Bayesian and Frequentist probability calculations -- see Talk:Minimum-variance unbiased estimator
 * It should not, therefore, be removed from this page so that readers from both viewpoints don't start arguing to no end.

 * The purpose of Operational Considerations was to clarify how each school of thought actually does the integral.
 * Frequentists use the prior distribution of the statistic.
 * Bayesians use the posterior distribution of the parameter.
 * The name has been changed to Bayesian vs. Frequentist Perspectives and the section moved to the end of the article.
 * The discussion mostly followed Jaynes. Frobnitzem (talk) 20:25, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

-

Sorry, but I disagree completely. MVU and MMSE are entirely different concepts, as User:Michael Hardy correctly explained on Talk:Minimum-variance unbiased estimator. Furthermore, I don't think that this assertion is "hotly contended"; if you think otherwise, please provide a more accurate reference. I am not sure what Jaynes you are referring to; if you mean the book Probability Theory: The Logic of Science, then I could not find a reference to MMSE in the index. --Zvika (talk) 20:01, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

http://omega.albany.edu:8008/ETJ-PS/cc16u.ps pp. 9-10 And yes, MSE is a predominant concept in both camps, so it is not impossible for a frequentist to use the term minimum MSE -- especially in reference to estimator efficiency. Also, the use of the terms is hotly contended as implied above. Frobnitzem (talk) 20:25, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

 * The term MSE is used in both a frequentist and Bayesian context, but means different things. In the frequentist context, the MSE is a function of θ, so it is not possible to talk about a minimum MSE (since one can never minimize the MSE for all θ simultaneously). Thus, in this article, which discusses minimum MSE, there is no possible frequentist interpretation. This does not imply anything about the validity of the frequentist point of view (which is an entirely legitimate point of view); it just says that such a point of view belongs elsewhere (e.g., the article on mean squared error).
 * If you can provide a reliable source discussing the term "minimum MSE" in a frequentist context, then it should be placed here. Otherwise, I don't see why you think this term is "hotly contended", so I don't see why you have restored the old version.
 * Finally, the link you placed above does not mention the term MSE at all. --Zvika (talk) 09:03, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

 * If you want to delete my discussion on the differences between the MSE and MMSE, go right ahead. I need debate on this subject like I need a hole in the head. Frobnitzem (talk) 18:48, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Well, if you don't have the patience to write clearly and to cite your sources, you shouldn't be surprised if your edits get reverted. --Zvika (talk) 20:14, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Minimum mean square error


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Richard Rohmer

Richard Heath Rohmer (born January 24, 1924) is a Canadian aviator, lawyer, adviser, author and historian.

Rohmer was born in Hamilton, Ontario, and spent some of his early youth in Pasadena, California, as well as in western Ontario at Windsor and Fort Erie. The Peterborough Examiner's lead editorial of January 14, 2009 describes Rohmer as "one of Canada's most colourful figures of the past half-century". General Rohmer served as honorary advisor to the Chief of the Defence Staff of the Canadian Armed Forces from 2014 to 2017. He was the advisor to the Minister of Veterans Affairs for the organization and conduct of Canada's celebration of the 70th Anniversary of D-Day celebrations in Normandy in June 2014 and the 70th Anniversary of the Liberation of Holland in May 2015. He is a veteran of D-Day, the Battle of Normandy and the Liberation of Holland.

Military career
After his studies in high school he worked briefly at Fleet Aerospace before joining in 1942 on his 18th birthday the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF). In Europe in 1943–44 as a reconnaissance pilot flying North American Mustang fighters he completed a 135 mission tour of operations at the end of November 1944 in Holland. On July 17, 1944, he had spotted a fast moving staff car, usually used to carry German officers. According to Rohmer, the German officer being carried was Field Marshal Erwin Rommel. Rohmer reported the car's location to Group Control Centre, which sent in a Spitfire piloted by Canadian Charley Fox. Rohmer took part in D-Day and the Battles of Normandy, Belgium and Holland. He is now the senior surviving Canadian veteran of all of those Battles.

In 1945, he was demobilized and transferred to the Royal Canadian Naval Reserve (RCN(R)), where he was appointed as a lieutenant (P) RCN(R) with seniority. He served at HMCS Hunter in Windsor, Ontario, as commanding officer University Naval Training Division (UNTD) from 1946 until he retired in 1948.

In 1950, he returned to the RCAF (Reserve) flying Vampire jets and commanding 400 Squadron (City of Toronto) and 411 Squadron (County of York). He retired in 1953 as a wing commander.

In 1971, he was appointed honorary Lieutenant-Colonel (and later Honorary Colonel) of 411 Air Reserve Squadron. In April 1975, he was promoted to Brigadier-General and appointed Senior Air Reserve Advisor. On April 1, 1976, he was appointed commander of the newly formed Air Reserve Group. On 31 January 1978 he was promoted to the rank of major-general and appointed Chief of Reserves. He was appointed a commander of the Order of Military Merit in December 1978 and left the military in January 1981.

On December 22, 2014, Major-General (Retired) Rohmer was named honorary advisor to the Canadian Armed Forces Chief of the Defence Staff, a three-year appointment "...created to recognize MGen (Ret’d) Rohmer’s contributions to the Canadian Armed Forces, and the unique advice and guidance that he provides to the Chief of the Defence Staff, drawing from his wealth of experience in service to Canada". On June 26, 2015, in his capacity as honorary advisor to the Chief of the Defence Staff, General Rohmer was promoted to the rank of Honorary Lieutenant General by the outgoing and incoming Chiefs of the Defence Staff.

Political career
From 1957 to 1959, Rohmer was a councillor on North York township council representing Ward 1, the township's easternmost district, which included Don Mills, where his family had lived since 1954. In 1958, he unsuccessfully challenged Hollis Beckett, the incumbent Progressive Conservative MPP in the riding of York East, for the Conservative nomination for the 1959 Ontario general election.

In the 1960s, he supported John Robarts's successful candidacy to lead the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party and then served as a senior advisor and legal counsel to Premier Robarts for three years. He and Robarts conceived the idea, adopted by the provincial legislature in 1965, that the province adopt a provincial flag modelled on the red ensign. The move was in response to the Great Canadian flag debate in which the federal government decided to drop the Canadian Red Ensign in favour of the maple leaf flag.

Rohmer is a monarchist.

Mid-Canada Corridor
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Rohmer promoted a plan for a megaproject to develop and populate the Canadian sub-Arctic which he called the "Mid-Canada Corridor". While the plan interested some industrialists, CEOs, bankers, and the railways, it failed to win support from the Canadian government.

Legal career
Rohmer, who completed his legal studies at Osgoode Hall Law School, was called to the Bar in 1951, appointed Queen's Counsel in 1960, and currently holds "not practising law" status with the Law Society of Ontario.

During his law practice he was counsel before several administrative tribunals in land use and transportation. His major official plan change success occurred in 1972 when as counsel for Canadian National Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway and their subsidiaries he appeared before the Ontario Municipal Board in a six-week contested hearing that resulted in the change of the official plan for all of the railway use lands around Union Station from Yonge Street to Bathurst Street (185 acres) to a high density mix of residential, commercial, entertainment, hotels, sport centres and other uses including construction of the CN Tower. That official plan is the basis for years of enormous development on the lands - lands then and now worth billions of dollars. It was the largest official plan change in the history of Canada.

Literary activities
Two of Rohmer's better-known novels are Ultimatum and Separation. Ultimatum, published in 1973, features political, economic, and energy crisis themes as well as the author's opinion about the viability of the Canadian nation. It is Rohmer's most popular novel and it was the best-selling novel in Canada in 1973. Three years later, Rohmer published Separation, a novel with domestic and international political themes surrounding the ambition of Quebec separatists to establish the Canadian province as a separate nation. It stayed on the Toronto Star's best-seller list for 22 weeks. Separation was made into a television movie in 1977, and aired on the CTV network. Barry Morse was cast for a brief appearance as the British prime minister.

He is a well known Canadian author of both fiction and non-fiction. Throughout his literary career he has published over thirty books. His most recent non-fiction is The Building of the CN Tower published 2011 by RailCore Press Inc. of which he is president. His most recent novel, Ultimatum 2 was published early 2007. It fictionalizes a confrontation between the US and Russia against Canada over the building of an international high level nuclear waste disposal site in Arctic Canada. The second edition of his historical novel on the 1866–67 Canadian negotiations with the British for autonomy under the British North American Act is Sir John A's Crusade and Seward's Magnificent Folly.

Rohmer chaired the Royal Commission on Book Publishing in 1971–72.

Volunteer work
He was twice chancellor of the University of Windsor, serving a total of 13 years. In 1978, he negotiated the donation of Conrad Black's collection of Duplessis papers in exchange for an honorary degree.

He was a charter member of his local (Don Mills) Civitan club, and he served as treasurer of the international organization. His position allowed him to meet U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower to present Civitan's World Citizenship Award.

He was chairman of the 60th anniversary of D-Day celebrations that took place in the presence of the Queen of Canada at Juno Beach in Normandy on 6 June 2004. As ministerial advisor to the Minister of Veterans Affairs he took part in the planning, preparation and execution of the government's celebration of the 70th Anniversary of D-Day at Juno Beach, France, on June 6, 2014, and was similarly engaged in the plans for the in-Holland Canadian celebration of the 70th Anniversary of the Liberation of the Netherlands on May 5, 2015. He is now one of the very few surviving Canadian veterans of both of those Battles (Normandy and Holland).

He co-chaired the Ontario advisory committee that created the veterans' memorial unveiled on September 17, 2006 in front of the provincial legislature at Queen's Park, was chair of the Premier's Ceremonial Advisory Committee (2006-2014), and was a ten-year member of the advisory council of the Order of Ontario.

Rohmer currently holds the following honorary positions: honorary deputy commissioner of the Ontario Provincial Police; honorary chief of Toronto Paramedic Services; patron of the Toronto St. John's Ambulance (1978–2007), honorary fire chief of Collingwood, Ontario, and honorary chief of the Toronto Police Service. He is also the original honorary Chief of Paramedics in Ontario, and from 1978 until 2007 was patron of the Toronto division of St. John's Ambulance.

Personal life
Rohmer lives in Collingwood, Ontario. His wife of 70 years, Mary Olivia (nicknamed Mary-O), passed away in January 2020. He also practices aviation litigation with the Toronto law firm of Rohmer & Fenn. He has two daughters: Ann, a TV personality, and Catherine, a lawyer. He is a licensed pilot.

Rohmer turned 100 on January 24, 2024.

Honours

 * Appointed as a Queen's Counsel (QC) in 1960.
 * Honorary Chief of Toronto Police Service (TPS) on March 26, 2015
 * Named as "The Most Interesting Canadian" by the National Post

Honorary degrees
Richard Rohmer has received many honorary degrees in recognition of his service to Canada, these include:

title: Richard Rohmer


text: Talk:Drake University

title: Talk:Drake University


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title: User:THUG Life


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Restaurant (magazine)

Restaurant magazine is a British magazine aimed at chefs, restaurant proprietors and other catering professionals that covers the breadth of the UK restaurant industry.

History and profile
Restaurant was founded in 2001. The magazine is published monthly by William Reed Business Media and had a circulation of 16,642 in December 2011.

It produces an annual list of what it considers to be the best 50 restaurants in the world, based on the votes of 837 "chefs, restaurateurs, critics and fun-loving gourmands".

title: Restaurant (magazine)


text: User talk:65.94.134.13

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text: User talk:68.221.65.236

title: User talk:68.221.65.236


text: Template:History of Fiji

title: Template:History of Fiji


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Davis Grubb

Davis Alexander Grubb (July 23, 1919 – July 24, 1980) was an American novelist and short story writer, best known for his 1953 novel The Night of the Hunter, which was adapted as a film in 1955 by Charles Laughton.

Biography
Born in Moundsville, West Virginia, Grubb wanted to combine his creative skills as a painter with writing, and attended the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. However, his color blindness was a handicap he could not overcome and he gave up on painting to dedicate himself to writing fiction. He did, however, make a number of drawings and sketches during the course of his career, some of which were incorporated into his writings.

In 1940, Grubb moved to New York City where he worked at NBC radio as a writer while using his free time to write short stories. In the mid-1940s he was successful in selling several short stories to major magazines and in the early 1950s he started writing a full-length novel. Influenced by accounts of economic hardship by depression-era Americans that his mother had seen firsthand as a social worker, Grubb wrote The Night of the Hunter, which became an instant bestseller and was voted a finalist for the 1955 National Book Award. That same year, the book was made into a film starring Robert Mitchum as the story's villain, sham preacher and fanatical serial killer Reverend Harry Powell. Deemed "culturally significant" by the Library of Congress, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

Grubb went on to write a further nine novels and several collections of short stories. His 1969 novel Fools' Parade would also be made into a motion picture starring James Stewart. Some of Grubb's short stories were adapted for television by Alfred Hitchcock and by Rod Serling for his Night Gallery series.

Grubb died in New York City in 1980. His novel Ancient Lights was published posthumously in 1982, and St. Martins Press published 18 of his short stories in a book collection titled You Never Believe Me and Other Stories in 1989.

Novels

 * The Night of the Hunter (1953)
 * A Dream of Kings (1955)
 * The Watchman (1961)
 * The Voices of Glory (1962)
 * A Tree Full of Stars (1965)
 * Shadow of My Brother (1966)
 * The Golden Sickle (1968)
 * Fools' Parade (1969)
 * The Barefoot Man (1971)
 * Ancient Lights (1982)

Story Collections

 * Twelve Tales of Suspense and the Supernatural (UK title: One Foot in the Grave) (1964)
 * The Siege of 318: Thirteen Mystical Stories (1978)
 * You Never Believe Me and Other Stories (1989)

title: Davis Grubb


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Drumnadrochit

Drumnadrochit (Druim na Drochaid) is a village in the Highland local government council area of Scotland, lying near the west shore of Loch Ness at the foot of Glen Urquhart. The village is close to several neighbouring settlements: the villages of Milton to the west, Kilmore to the east and Lewiston to the south. The villages act as a centre for regional tourism beside Loch Ness, as well as being a local economic hub for the nearby communities.

Geography
The village lies in Glen Urquhart on the A82 road to Inverness, near a junction with the A831 and beside the river Enrick. The river Enrick runs the length of Glen Urquhart, meeting the river Coltie and then flowing into Loch Ness (the eastern edge of Drumnadrochit). The nearby local hill and tourist attraction is called Craigmonie. Glen Urquhart itself adjoins Loch Ness and the larger geographical area known as the Great Glen.

History
The settlement grew up around a bridge over the River Enrick, and the name Drumnadrochit derives from the Scottish Gaelic Druim na Drochaid, "the ridge of the bridge". The first stone bridge was completed between 1808 and 1811 as part of works led by Thomas Telford. The bridge was extensively damaged by flooding in 1818. It was later widened in 1933 to accommodate the expanded A82 road.

Historically the village was within the local government county of Inverness (until 1975) and the Inverness district of the Highland local government region (from 1975 to 1996).

The Drumnadrochit Hotel is a Category B listed three-storey hotel completed in 1882. The former Caledonian Bank building is also a prominent structure in the village and was constructed in 1895, although it is no longer a bank.

A small strip of the estate's land still exists to this day, mostly north of the small settlement of Balbeg that lies north of Balnain. It is largely publicly accessible and is mostly used for grazing cattle in the summer.

Established after the First World War, the Glen Urquhart war memorial is located in Drumnadrochit and is in the shape of a column, with a small ceremonial fenced garden.

In 2006, the village hall, originally funded by Bradley Martin of Balmacaan House, celebrated its centenary.

Balmacaan Estate
Much of Glenurquhart was historically part of the Balmacaan Estate (also known as the Glen Urquhart Estate), owned by the Grant family of Seafield between 1509 and 1946. The estate was rented to the wealthy American industrialist and local benefactor Bradley Martin in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and flourished in the 1880s and 1890s, but went into decline after the 1920s. The estate then changed hands so frequently that the issue was raised in parliament. The best forestry wood had been felled during World War 2 and the estate was dissolved in 1946. Balmacaan House, near Drumnadrochit, was abandoned soon afterwards. In 1946, Bunloit Farm was separated from Balmacaan Estate and Bunloit Estate was formed round it near the small settlement of Balbeg, located on the north west shore of Loch Ness, about 4 miles south of Drumnadrochit.

Education
Drumnadrochit is served by the local Glen Urquhart High School which is also home to the community library.

Culture and community
The village's shops include a pharmacy, a Post Office and a supermarket. There are also several restaurants and cafés. There is a doctor's surgery under NHS Scotland and a team of local Community First Responders who cover nights and weekends in serious emergencies.

The Loch Ness Hub is a community owned transport and visitor information centre.

At Urquhart Bay Harbour in Drumnadrochit there is a RNLI inshore lifeboat station. The lifeboat station was established in 2008 to respond to maritime emergencies on Loch Ness.

Balmacaan is an ancient woodland, managed by the Woodland Trust, that overlooks the village. Formerly part of Balmacaan House, the Earl of Grant's estate, the woodland estate is now open to the public.

Transport
There are several buses a day that pass through Drumnadrochit, notably the 17 between Drum and Inverness bus station. Buses are less frequent outside the summer season, especially on a Sunday.

Economy
The village is popular with tourists and there are three larger hotels in (or close to) the village, two smaller inns (the Ben Leva Hotel and Fiddler's Rest) and a hostel (the Loch Ness Backpackers Lodge). Attractions include the nearby Urquhart Castle, one of the most visited sites managed by Historic Scotland, and Nessieland, and a "Nessie" themed exhibition about the Loch Ness Monster, the Loch Ness Centre and Exhibition for those wanting a more serious interpretation. The village hosts the Glenurquhart Highland Games at the end of August each year. A winter event, "Drums and Rockets", has also taken place in recent years. The community hosts a Bonfire Night fireworks display around 5 November.

Two long-distance hiking routes pass through or start at the village. The Great Glen Way from Fort William to Inverness; and the Affric-Kintail Way begins at the village, passing through Glen Affric and ending at Morvich on the west coast.

Agriculture and forestry are also major local employers. Drumnadrochit is the home of the Hanging Tree Brewery, a microbrewery launched in 2018. Drumnadrochit is also home to Cobbs Cakes traditionally made and distributed across the UK and Ireland. Cobbs is also the largest employer in the village, running the Drumnadrochit Hotel and the Clansman Visitor Centre, and recently bought the Loch Ness Beer brand after the Brewery went into administration in 2016.

Sports
The village is home to shinty team Glenurquhart Shinty Club. Also, there is a Bowls Club and Badminton.

In popular culture
Drumnadrochit is featured in the film Scooby-Doo! and the Loch Ness Monster as the closest town to Blake Castle, the home of Daphne Blake's Scottish ancestors. When the main characters are first driving into the town, Fred Jones is unable to pronounce its name correctly, while Scooby-Doo is able to.

In Lawrence Block's novel The Burglar in the Library, there is a fictional scotch enjoyed by Bernie called Glen Drumnadrochit.

In The Family Ness theme song, You'll Never Find A Nessie In The Zoo, the refrain states "You can go to Auchtermuchty and to Drumnadrochit too, but you'll never find a Nessie in the zoo".

title: Drumnadrochit


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Keiji Shibazaki

Keiji Shibazaki (柴崎 恵次) was a Rear Admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy. He was the commander of the Japanese garrison on the island of Betio of the Tarawa atoll during World War II. Shibazaki and all his senior officers were killed by naval gunfire on the first day of the Battle of Tarawa. He was posthumously promoted to vice-admiral.

Biography
Shibazaki was born in Kasai, Hyogo prefecture. He was a graduate of the 43rd class of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in 1915, ranking 26th out of 95 cadets. He served as midshipman on the cruiser Azuma and battleship Settsu. As a Kaigun Shōi (Ensign), he was assigned to Satsuma and cruiser Yakumo. As a Kaigun Chūi (Lieutenant junior grade), he served on the cruiser Chikuma, destroyer Kaba and battleship Yamashiro.

Shibazaki was promoted to Kaigun Taii (lieutenant) in 1921, and after taking courses in navigation, was assigned as chief navigator to Tachikaze, oiler Kamoi and survey ship Musashi. After his promotion to Kaigun Shōsa (lieutenant-commander) in 1927, he was appointed aide-de-camp to Prince Kuni Asaakira from 1932 to 1933. In 1936, he received his first command, the gunboat Ataka. Promoted to Kaigun Taisa (captain) in 1937, he served in various staff positions, primarily in Kure and in Shanghai.

Shibazaki was promoted to Kaigun Shōshō (rear admiral) on 1 May 1943. He arrived on Betio in Tarawa in September 1943 to take command of the Japanese garrison, including 1,122 Imperial Marines forming the 3rd Special Base Force (formerly the 6th Yokosuka SNLF), 1,497 sailors forming the 7th Sasebo Special Naval Landing Force, and 1,427 (mostly Korean and Chinese) laborers forming the 111th Pioneers construction unit, and a detachment of 970 laborers from the 4th Fleet Construction Unit.

Shibazaki was a veteran of amphibious landings in China during the late 1930s and was aware of the difficulties facing an amphibious landing force. He built extensive defenses on Betio to defend its strategically important airfield, and famously boasted to his troops that "it would take one million men one hundred years" to conquer the island.

Shibazaki was killed in action on the first day of the Battle of Tarawa, sometime during the mid-afternoon of 20 November 1943. Reportedly, he and all his senior officers were killed by 5" naval gunfire (airbursts) from a United States Navy destroyer, either USS Dashiell or USS Ringgold, after the men were spotted walking to a secondary command post away from the front lines on the beaches. Shibazaki was posthumously promoted to vice-admiral.

title: Keiji Shibazaki


text:
Kazimierz Świątek

Kazimierz Cardinal Świątek (Казімір Свёнтак; 21 October 1914 – 21 July 2011) was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who was most known for his resistance to Cold War-era Soviet communism and for his service in Minsk, Belarus. Cardinal Swiatek was the former Metropolitan Archbishop of Minsk-Mohilev, and Apostolic Administrator of Pinsk.

Świątek was born to Polish parents in the municipality of Walk, in what was then the Russian Empire, the present-day municipality of Valga, Estonia. His family was deported to Siberia during the Russian Revolution. His father died fighting in the Polish-Soviet War. The future Cardinal lived in newly independent Poland from 1922. After completing his philosophical and theological studies at the seminary in Pinsk, Świątek was ordained as a Roman Catholic priest in 1939, and then was sent to the parish of Pruzhany.

The Soviet Union occupied Pinsk after the Nazi-Soviet Pact divided Poland in 1939. Świątek was arrested by the NKVD in April 1941, and held on death row in Brest for two months. Father Świątek escaped from prison, taking advantage of the confusion caused by the Nazi German invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, and returned to Pruzhany. In December 1944, the NKVD arrested Swiatek for a second time. The following year he was sentenced to 10 years hard labor in a concentration camp, and spent nine years in Siberia and the north of the Soviet Union, working in the taiga and in the mines. After his release in June 1954, he returned to Pinsk.

In 1988, he was made a Monsignor by Pope John Paul II, who in 1991 appointed him Metropolitan Archbishop of Minsk-Mohilev and Apostolic Administrator of Pinsk, and on 26 November 1994 created him Cardinal-Priest of San Gerardo Maiella. He was elected as the first President of the Conference of Catholic Bishops of Belarus, which according to the church's website "underlines his leading role in the Church in Belarus."

In July 2006, Świątek, then aged 91, his resignation for reasons of age and declining health from the offices of Metropolitan Archbishop of Minsk-Mohilev was accepted by Pope Benedict XVI, but he remained Apostolic Administrator of Pinsk until 30 June 2011, when Tadeusz Kondrusiewicz, his successor as Metropolitan Archbishop of Minsk-Mohilev, replaced him also as Apostolic Administrator of Pinsk.

Death
On 21 July 2011, Świątek died in Pinsk after a long illness, aged 96. At the time of his death, he was the second oldest member of the College of Cardinals. Pope Benedict XVI sent a telegram to Archbishop Kondrusiewicz and the Conference of Catholic Bishops of Belarus expressing his condolences for the Cardinal's death and praising him for his lengthy service as Cardinal Archbishop and his continuing fidelity and loyalty to the Church and to Christ during his periods of imprisonment back in the early years of the Cold War, in the post-war period, when the Church in the Soviet Union had to be largely clandestine.

title: Kazimierz Świątek


text:
User:Tedzsee

Lucas TdS is a cartoonist, trumpet player and high school teacher from Canada. He holds a Bachelor of Arts (History Honours) and a Bachelor of Education from the University of British Columbia. He has also studied political science, English, Portuguese and music.

His main interests are political science, history, music history, cartooning and jazz.

Lucas TdS has published a webcomic called 8 1/2 by Eleven since August 9, 2004. He also produces music under the name "tedzsee."

Lucas TdS is currently an administrator at Comixpedia, a webcomic wiki encyclopedia project.

{|- | style="margin: 0em; padding: 0em; width: 69%;" valign="top" |

title: User:Tedzsee


text:
The Seven-Beer Snitch

"The Seven-Beer Snitch" is the fourteenth episode of the sixteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 3, 2005.

Plot
The Simpsons go to Shelbyville to see a musical, which paints Springfielders as hicks and morons. An angry Marge goes to Springfield's Cultural Advisory Board to brainstorm a plan to make Springfield more sophisticated and gets the idea to hire architect Frank Gehry to build a concert hall. Opening night proves to be a bust, and the concert hall falls into shambles from disuse.

Mr. Burns buys the hall and turns it into a state prison. Homer applies for a job as a guard, but is rejected after Otto switches his drug-laded urine sample with Homer's. Mr. Burns forces Chief Wiggum to reinstate old and forgotten laws to fill his prison with convicts and make more money. Homer is convicted after getting caught kicking a can five times down the street (which constitutes "illegally transporting litter").

Bart and Lisa notice that Snowball II has been gaining weight. Lisa follows her and discovers she has been visiting and eating food from another family, who believe she is theirs and named her "Smokey". Snowball prefers her second family to the Simpsons, to Lisa's dismay. Bart goes in to set the record straight, but instead the family fills him up with food and teaches him the same trick they taught Snowball.

Homer is sent to work in the prison kitchen and becomes a prison snitch after unwittingly alerting the guards of Snake's escape attempt. Homer is rewarded with food, special treatment, and a new plasma TV. The other prisoners learn he is a snitch after Marge shouts it out in the visitation room. After using a fake claim of a prison break to lure out all the guards, the prisoners attack Homer. Using the key to the concert hall given to her as head of the Springfield Cultural Activities Board, Marge finds Homer in the kitchen with the other prisoners on his tail. They take refuge in the gas chamber, where Marge scolds Homer about being an informant. The guards come in with tear gas and riot gear. As they are released, Homer tells Governor Mary Bailey about the prison's deplorable conditions and food. Bailey tells the prisoners that since there is no room left in the prisons they were transferred from, they will be put on a garbage barge and bare-knuckle box until someone emerges as their king, a plan the convicts applaud.

Homer is released, which pleases Marge, and heads out to Moe's after she falls asleep. He bumps into Snowball, who is overweight and also approaching the bar. He promises not to tell on her if she does not tell on him.

Homer runs into the concert hall, claiming the building is a death trap, in response to a dream he had after watching The Towering Inferno.

Production
Frank Gehry guest starred in the episode of himself, becoming the first architect to appear on The Simpsons. According to Matt Chaban of The New York Observer, "Because of his successful style, Frank Gehry sometimes comes under criticism for being a hack whose buildings all look the same—even if in their 50th iteration, those waving bands of metal still look amazing, fresh and different. This sensibility was, like so many other things, immortalized on The Simpsons." The episode makes fun of Gehry's architectural style in a throwaway gag, which sees Gehry becoming inspired for the design of the concert hall after crumpling up Marge's letter and hurling it to the ground. The crumpled letter becomes the model for the building. As a result of the scene, according to Gehry, many people believe this is how he actually received the inspiration for his real-life buildings, particularly the Walt Disney Concert Hall, though this is not the case. He told the public affairs show Fareed Zakaria GPS on CNN in September 2011 the gag was just "a fun – fun thing. But it has – it has haunted me. People do – who've seen The Simpsons believe it." He also commented that "Clients come to me and say crumple a piece of paper, we'll give you $100 and then we'll build it."

Reception
In 2007, Simon Crerar of The Times listed Gehry's performance as one of the thirty-three funniest cameos in the history of the show.

Cultural references
Homer's tiny hat is a reference to the character Simon Adebisi from HBO's prison drama Oz.

title: The Seven-Beer Snitch


text:
Wild Cherry (band)

Wild Cherry was an American funk rock band formed in Mingo Junction, Ohio, in 1970 that was best known for its song "Play That Funky Music".

Early lineups (1970–1974)
Rob Parissi (lead vocals and guitar) was raised in the steel-mill town of Mingo Junction, Ohio. He graduated from Mingo High School in 1968 and formed the band Wild Cherry in 1970 in Steubenville, Ohio. The band's name, 'Wild Cherry', was taken from a box of cough drops. The band played the Ohio Valley region, the Northern West Virginia panhandle, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The original lineup included Ben Difabbio (drums and vocals) and Louie Osso (guitar and vocals) from Steubenville, Larry Brown (bass and vocals) from Weirton, West Virginia, Larry Mader (keyboard and vocals) from East Springfield, Ohio, and Ron Vallera (guitar and background vocals) from Steubenville, Ohio). Over time, the band members changed; Osso, Brown, Mader, and Vallera left the band and were replaced by Parissi's cousin, Coogie Stoddart (guitar and vocals), and Joe Buchmelter (bass). Buchmelter was soon replaced by Bucky Lusk.

In the early 1970s, several records were released under their own label, including "You Can Be High (But Lay Low)" and "Something Special On Your Mind", in 1971. The music at this stage was pure rock music. Wild Cherry eventually gained a record contract with Brown Bag Records, owned and operated by Terry Knight. Brown Bag produced several demos and singles that were later distributed by United Artists, including "Get Down" (1973) and "Show Me Your Badge" (1973).

The band broke up, and Parissi left the music scene temporarily. He reformed the band in 1975.

Later lineups (1975–1979)
The new lineup consisted of Bryan Bassett (guitar/vocals), Allen Wentz (bass guitar/synthesizer/vocals), Ronald Beitle (drums), and Parissi. As the group began to develop a following in the Pittsburgh area, disco was becoming increasingly popular, and they were repeatedly asked by listeners to play more dance music. While brainstorming for new song ideas, Beitle recounted hearing a fan shout, "Are you white boys gonna play some funky music?" Parissi was inspired to write a song based on the phrase, so he began writing on a drink order pad with a pen borrowed from the bartender. After the band recorded the song, studio engineer Ken Hamann brought the band to the attention of Sweet City Records, distributed by Epic/CBS, which signed the group. Parissi had intended to record the song as the B-side to a cover version of the Commodores' "I Feel Sanctified", but the label suggested it as the A-side instead.

"Play That Funky Music" became a huge hit when released in 1976, peaking at number one on both the  Billboard R&B and pop charts. Both the single and Wild Cherry's self-titled debut album went platinum. The band was named Best Pop Group of the Year by Billboard and received an American Music Award for Top R&B Single of the Year as well as a pair of Grammy nominations for Best New Vocal Group and Best R&B Performance by a Group or Duo.

"Play That Funky Music" was the only hit on the album, although "Hot to Trot" was a minor follow-up hit in some non-U.S. markets. The album featured contributions from keyboardist Mark Avsec, who soon thereafter became a permanent member of the band. None of Wild Cherry's three subsequent albums were very popular. Neither Electrified Funk (1977) (which contained the "Play That Funky Music" soundalike single "Baby Don't You Know") nor I Love My Music (1978) produced any top 40 hits, and Only the Wild Survive (1979) did not even produce a top 100 single. The band broke up in late 1979.

Coogie Stoddart returned to perform with Wild Cherry, beginning with the tour to support Electrified Funk, and recorded I Love My Music with the band. Stoddart toured with the group, in support of I Love My Music, but left before Only the Wild Survive was recorded.

Post-breakup (1980–present)

 * Mark Avsec partnered with Donnie Iris (of the Jaggerz) in the early 1980s to form Donnie Iris and the Cruisers. Iris had played with Wild Cherry on their fourth and final album. Their hit singles included "Ah! Leah!" Avsec also teamed up with fellow Cruiser Kevin Valentine to record under the moniker Cellarful of Noise in 1985, releasing two albums with this project. Another of Avsec's compositions, "She Don't Know Me", originally written for the band La Flavour (who later evolved into "Fair Warning"), became one of the first hits for the then-fledgling band Bon Jovi. A lawsuit related to "Ah! Leah!" inspired Avsec to become a copyright lawyer.

 * Allen Wentz moved to New York City and became a session synthesizer specialist, playing on many records and jingles. He has worked with artists ranging from Luther Vandross and Roberta Flack to Cyndi Lauper.

 * Bryan Bassett became a producer and engineer at King Snake Studio in Sanford, Florida. He has played with Foghat and Molly Hatchet, and he has also served as a board governor for the Florida Chapter of NARAS.

 * Parissi moved to Miami, Florida in 1979 and formed a tour band with Bobby Caldwell. In 1980, Parissi moved to New York City, met members of Billy Squier's band, and did recording sessions with them. At the same time, he also co-wrote songs with Ellie Greenwich and Jeff Kent and co-produced the album Dedication, along with Gary U.S. Bonds and Bruce Springsteen in 1980-81. The album produced the hit "This Little Girl (Is Mine)", which sold over 500,000 copies, for which Rob was awarded another gold album. As of the 2010s, Parissi resides in Florida and is writing and recording in the adult contemporary and smooth jazz genres, as in his CD "The Real Deal", an all-vocal album.

 * On August 11, 2013, the people of Parissi's hometown in Mingo Junction, Ohio renamed the longest street there as Rob Parissi Boulevard and declared August 11 as Rob Parissi Day. He and his wife, Ilona, established a scholarship endowment for his former consolidated high school, now named Indian Creek High School, and he returns every year to do a charity fundraiser.

 * Ron Beitle (1954–2017) performed with several rock bands, including Nied's Hotel Band in Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania. He died in 2017.

Final lineup

 * Rob Parissi – vocals, guitar (1970–1979)
 * Donnie Iris – guitar, vocals (1978–1979)
 * Cooke Michalchick – bass, vocals (1978–1979)
 * Ronald Beitle – drums, percussion (1975–1979)
 * Mark Avsec – keyboards (1975–1979)

Previous members

 * Ben Difabbio – drums, vocals (1970–1975)
 * Louie Osso – guitar, vocals (1970–1973)
 * Larry Brown – bass, vocals (1970–1973)

 * Coogie Stoddart – guitar, vocals (1973–1975, 1977–78)
 * Joe Buchmelter – bass (1973)
 * Bucky Lusk – bass (1973–1975)
 * Allen Wentz – bass, synthesizer, vocals (1975–1978)
 * Bryan Bassett – guitar (1975–1978)

Compilation albums

 * Play the Funk (2000)
 * Super Hits (2002)

title: Wild Cherry (band)


text:
List of Belarusian artists

Below is an alphabetical list of notable artists who were born and/or worked in Belarus.

A

 * Michał Elwiro Andriolli (1836–1893)
 * Meer Akselrod (1902–1970), painter
 * Zair Azgur (1908–1995), sculptor

B

 * Vitold Byalynitsky-Birulya (1872–1957)
 * Peter Blume (1906–1992), painter and sculptor
 * Abraham Bogdanove (1888–1946)

C

 * Marc Chagall (1887–1985)
 * Jacques Chapiro (1887–1972)
 * Natalia Chernogolova (born 1954)
 * Ludmila Christeseva (born 1978)

D

 * Jonas Damelis (1780–1840), painter
 * Mai Dantsig (1930–2017)
 * Elena Drobychevskaja (b. 1968), graphic artist
 * Dovgyallo Mikhail Hrisanfovich (1908-1978) painting (The best painter of his time)
 * Dovgyallo Oleg Mikhailovich (1940-2000) painting

E

 * Aleksandra Ekster (1882–1949)

G

 * Leon Gaspard (1882–1964)
 * Giovanni Battista Gisleni (1600–1672)

K

 * Morris Kantor (1896–1974)
 * Anatoli Lvovich Kaplan (1902–1980), painter, sculptor and printmaker
 * Kandrat Karsalin (1809–c.1883), portrait painter
 * Pavel Kastusik (b. 1976)
 * Michel Kikoine (1892–1968), painter
 * Katarzyna Kobro (1898–1951)
 * Irina Kotova (b. 1976)
 * Pinchus Kremegne (1890–1981)
 * Victor Kopach (b. 1970)
 * Dmitry Kustanovich (b. 1970), amateur artist

L

 * Jacques Lipchitz (1891–1973)
 * El Lissitzky (1890–1941)

P

 * Yehuda Pen (1854–1937)
 * Antoine Pevsner (1886–1962)

R

 * Alexandr Rodin (b. 1947), contemporary painter
 * Alfred Isidore Romer (1832–1897), painter, sculptor, carver and medalist
 * Ferdynand Ruszczyc (1878–1936)

S

 * Mikhail Savitsky (1922–2010)
 * William S. Schwartz (1896–1977)
 * Yauhen Shatokhin (1947–2012), painter
 * Simon Segal (1898–1969)
 * Lasar Segall (1891–1957)
 * Francysk Skaryna (1490–1552)
 * Joseph Solman (1909–2008)
 * Chaïm Soutine (1893–1943)
 * Wladyslaw Strzeminski (1893–1953)

V

 * Sergey Voychenko (1955–2004), poster artist

Z

 * Boris Zaborov (1935–2021)
 * Ossip Zadkine (1890–1967)
 * Sergey Zaryanko (1818–1871), portrait painter
 * Ilia Zdanevich (1894–1974)
 * Stanislav Zhukovsky (1873–1944)

title: List of Belarusian artists


text:
Assault (horse)

Assault (March 28, 1943 – September 1, 1971) was a champion American Thoroughbred racehorse who is the seventh winner of the American Triple Crown and the only Texas-bred winner of the Triple Crown.

Early life
Foaled at King Ranch in Texas, Assault was sired by Bold Venture, who had won the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes in 1936. His dam was the unraced Igual, by Horse of the Year Equipoise. Assault's third dam was Masda, who was a full sister to Man o' War. His full-brother was Air Lift, who broke a leg in his debut race and was destroyed.

Described as being "on the delicate side" by his later jockey, Eddie Arcaro, Assault was plagued with injuries and illnesses from the start. As a youngster, he stepped on what is believed to have been a surveyor's stake, driving it through his front right hoof. The hoof was permanently deformed, and the colt developed a limp to accommodate the odd shape of his foot; however, the "Club-footed Comet", as he was later dubbed, showed no signs of abnormality when he was at a full gallop. Throughout his career, Assault also overcame kidney, splint bone, fetlock, knee and bleeding problems.

Aside from his physical troubles, Assault faced another major hurdle. He had been foaled and bred at King Ranch, a Texas ranch that primarily raised cattle and Quarter Horses for racing. At the time, the vast majority of major stakes-winners were bred and foaled in Kentucky. (To date, Assault remains the only Texas-bred Triple Crown winner.)

Racing career
Under Max Hirsch's training, Assault made his racing debut as a two-year-old in 1945, finishing 12th. He had two victories from nine starts that year and won the Flash Stakes in a four-way photo finish. Early in his three-year-old season, he won the Wood Memorial, but his run in the Derby Trial made him an outsider in the Kentucky Derby. With jockey Warren Mehrtens aboard, he raced past rivals to take the first race of the Triple Crown by eight lengths, the largest margin of victory up to that time. Assault was then made the favorite for the Preakness Stakes a week later. Aggravated by traffic early in the race, Mehrtens decided to push Assault earlier than usual. He was four lengths in front with a furlong to go. The tiring Assault scored a neck victory over Lord Boswell.

The handicappers saw this as a stamina issue and made Lord Boswell the favorite in the 1½-mile Belmont Stakes. After stumbling at the start, Assault trailed the field throughout much of the race. In the final 200 yards, he moved past the leaders to win the Belmont by three lengths. He was the seventh Triple Crown winner ever, and the third during the 1940s.

Two weeks after his Belmont victory, Assault won the Dwyer Stakes, and the general public opinion finally conceded that he was the best three-year-old in training (but that it was also a poor crop to choose from). However, his last-place finish in the Arlington Classic made him "just an average horse" again. After the Arlington Classic, it was discovered he had a kidney infection and needed some rest. Assault returned to the track, where he compiled a string of seconds, thirds, and fourths. Trainer Max Hirsch decided to change jockeys. Assault's original rider, Mehrtens, was replaced by Eddie Arcaro. Assault then won the Pimlico Special and Westchester Handicap and was voted 1946 Horse of the Year.

Over the winter, Assault developed into a mature four-year-old. The colt was constantly hungry, charging grooms if he was not fed on time. He paid such close attention to his exercise riders that when it seemed that they were gazing off or not fully attentive, he would leap to the side, leaving them mid-air, and gallop around the track riderless.

As a four-year-old, Assault won five of seven races and never finished worse than third. He was victorious in some of the biggest handicap races in history, including the Brooklyn and Suburban Handicaps, while carrying weights of up to 135 pounds. During 1947, he and his rival Stymie battled for the top money-earner title, swapping it several times. However, in a $100,000 winner-take-all match race at Belmont Park on September 27, 1947, Arcaro and Assault lost by eight lengths to Calumet Farm's Armed, ridden by Douglas Dodson. Armed earned 1947 Horse of the Year honors.

Assault returned to the track as a five-, six-, and seven-year-old, although he did not display the same sort of winning form he showed as a three- and four-year-old.

Assault raced 42 times, with 18 victories (15 in stakes races), 6 second-place finishes, and 7 third-place finishes. He earned $675,470. In 1946, he was voted Horse of the Year, the most prestigious honor in American thoroughbred racing, and won Champion 3-Year-Old honors. In the Horse of the Year poll, conducted by Turf and Sport Digest magazine, Assault received 110 votes to win the title from Armed, who received 37.

Retirement
Assault was originally intended to be retired after his four-year-old season and stand stud alongside his sire at King Ranch. However, none of the mares he was mated with became pregnant; it was apparent that he was sterile. He was returned to racing until the age of seven, where he won a few more races, including one more running of the Brooklyn Handicap. He was then permanently retired to King Ranch. There were some rumors that he was allowed to pasture breed with some of King Ranch's Quarter Horse mares, but there are no records that any of those foals made it to the track. He did sire two Quarter Horse foals, and they were registered with American Quarter Horse Association. Assault was euthanized after falling and breaking his left front leg at the shoulder, dying on September 1, 1971, at age 28. The grave site is on the King Ranch (in Kingsville, Texas).

Honors
Assault was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 1964. In The Blood-Horse ranking of the top 100 U.S. Thoroughbred champions of the 20th Century, Assault was ranked #33.

title: Assault (horse)


text:
Talk:Improving America's Schools Act of 1994

Untitled
I've tried to link these up individually to their individual sections- not working yet. Any help would be much appreciated. GS --- — Preceding unsigned comment added by 152.228.106.149 (talk) 08:22, 20 March 2013 (UTC) I've moved this article from "Improving America's Schools Act" to "Improving America's Schools Act of 1994" because this is the official short title as per the United States congress. —RaD Man (talk) 00:51, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

This article should probably be combined with Elementary and Secondary Education Act. ESEA has been periodically reauthorized since 1965. NCLB is another ESEA reauthorization. Jlwelsh (talk) 23:40, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

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text:
Submarine canyon

A submarine canyon is a steep-sided valley cut into the seabed of the continental slope, sometimes extending well onto the continental shelf, having nearly vertical walls, and occasionally having canyon wall heights of up to 5 km, from canyon floor to canyon rim, as with the Great Bahama Canyon. Just as above-sea-level canyons serve as channels for the flow of water across land, submarine canyons serve as channels for the flow of turbidity currents across the seafloor. Turbidity currents are flows of dense, sediment laden waters that are supplied by rivers, or generated on the seabed by storms, submarine landslides, earthquakes, and other soil disturbances. Turbidity currents travel down slope at great speed (as much as 70 km/h), eroding the continental slope and finally depositing sediment onto the abyssal plain, where the particles settle out.

About 3% of submarine canyons include shelf valleys that have cut transversely across continental shelves, and which begin with their upstream ends in alignment with and sometimes within the mouths of large rivers, such as the Congo River and the Hudson Canyon. About 28.5% of submarine canyons cut back into the edge of the continental shelf, whereas the majority (about 68.5%) of submarine canyons have not managed at all to cut significantly across their continental shelves, having their upstream beginnings or "heads" on the continental slope, below the edge of continental shelves.

The formation of submarine canyons is believed to occur as the result of at least two main process: 1) erosion by turbidity current erosion; and 2) slumping and mass wasting of the continental slope. While at first glance the erosion patterns of submarine canyons may appear to mimic those of river-canyons on land, several markedly different processes have been found to take place at the soil/water interface.

Many canyons have been found at depths greater than 2 km below sea level. Some may extend seawards across continental shelves for hundreds of kilometres before reaching the abyssal plain. Ancient examples have been found in rocks dating back to the Neoproterozoic. Turbidites are deposited at the downstream mouths or ends of canyons, building an abyssal fan.

Characteristics
Submarine canyons are more common on the steep slopes found on active margins compared to those on the gentler slopes found on passive margins. They show erosion through all substrates, from unlithified sediment to crystalline rock. Canyons are steeper, shorter, more dendritic and more closely spaced on active than on passive continental margins. The walls are generally very steep and can be near vertical. The walls are subject to erosion by bioerosion, or slumping. There are an estimated 9,477 submarine canyons on Earth, covering about 11% of the continental slope.

Examples

 * Avilés Canyon, off the coast of Asturias, Spain, reaches depth of about 4700 m.
 * Amazon Canyon, extending from the Amazon River
 * Baltimore and Wilmington Canyons, East Coast of Maryland and Delaware States
 * Blanes Canyon in the coast of Catalonia, in de Mediterranean
 * Bering Canyon, in the Bering Sea
 * Congo Canyon, the largest river canyon, extending from the Congo River, is 800 km long, and 1200 m deep
 * Delgada Submarine Canyon, off the coast of California
 * Hatteras Canyon, off the coast of North Carolina
 * Hudson Canyon, extending from the Hudson River
 * Ganges Canyon, extending from the Ganges
 * Indus Canyon, extending from the Indus River
 * Kaikoura Canyon, extending offshore from the Kaikoura Peninsula, New Zealand
 * La Jolla and Scripps Canyon, off the coast of La Jolla, Southern California
 * Mona Canyon, off the coast of western Puerto Rico
 * Monterey Canyon, off the coast of central California
 * Nazaré Canyon, off the coast of Portugal, reaches abyssal depths of 5000 m
 * Perth Canyon, off the coast of Perth, Western Australia, reaches a depth of 4000 m and contains the world's largest plunge pool
 * Pribilof Canyon, in the Bering Sea
 * Whittard Canyon, Atlantic Ocean off southwest Ireland
 * Zhemchug Canyon the deepest and joint-widest submarine canyon in the world, in the Bering Sea

Formation
Different mechanisms have been proposed for the formation of submarine canyons. Their primary causes have been subject to debate since the early 1930s.

An early and obvious theory was that the canyons present today were carved during glacial times, when sea level was about 125 m below present sea level, and rivers flowed to the edge of the continental shelf. However, while many (but not all) canyons are found offshore from major rivers, subaerial river erosion cannot have been active to the water depths as great as 3000 m where canyons have been mapped, as it is well established (by many lines of evidence) that sea levels did not fall to those depths.

The major mechanism of canyon erosion is thought to be turbidity currents and underwater landslides. Turbidity currents are dense, sediment-laden currents which flow downslope when an unstable mass of sediment that has been rapidly deposited on the upper slope fails, perhaps triggered by earthquakes. There is a spectrum of turbidity- or density-current types ranging from "muddy water" to massive mudflow, and evidence of both these end members can be observed in deposits associated with the deeper parts of submarine canyons and channels, such as lobate deposits (mudflow) and levees along channels.

Mass wasting, slumping, and submarine landslides are forms of slope failures (the effect of gravity on a hillslope) observed in submarine canyons. Mass wasting is the term used for the slower and smaller action of material moving downhill. Slumping is generally used for rotational movement of masses on a hillside. Landslides, or slides, generally comprise the detachment and displacement of sediment masses.

It is now understood that many mechanisms of submarine canyon creation have had effect to greater or lesser degree in different places, even within the same canyon, or at different times during a canyon's development. However, if a primary mechanism must be selected, the downslope lineal morphology of canyons and channels and the transportation of excavated or loose materials of the continental slope over extensive distances require that various kinds of turbidity or density currents act as major participants.

In addition to the processes described above, submarine canyons that are especially deep may form by another method. In certain cases, a sea with a bed significantly below sea level is cut off from the larger ocean to which it is usually connected. The sea which is normally repleted by contact and inflow from the ocean is now no longer replenished and hence dries up over a period of time, which can be very short if the local climate is arid. In this scenario, rivers that previously flowed into the sea at a sea level elevation now can cut far deeper into the bottom of the bed now exposed. The Messinian salinity crisis is an example of this phenomenon; between five and six million years ago, the Mediterranean Sea became isolated from the Atlantic Ocean and evaporated away in roughly a thousand years. During this time, the Nile River delta, among other rivers, extended far beyond its present location, both in depth and length. In a cataclysmic event, the Mediterranean sea basin was flooded. One relevant consequence is that the submarine canyons eroded are now far below the present sea level.

title: Submarine canyon


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ugotopia

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy deleted by Postdlf (hoax nonsense) --cesarb 01:33, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Ugotopia
This is part of The Allied Republic nonsense above. Rje 00:52, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete garbage. Slac speak up!  01:42, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Hoaxcruft. Fried spam. Not notable. -- 8^D gab 02:38, 2005 Apr 19 (UTC)
 * Speedy deleted as hoax nonsense. No need to waste time on crap like this.  Postdlf 03:23, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Pavel Kastusik

Pavel Kastusik (Павел Кастусік, born in Minsk, 1976) Belarusian artist, whose works range from oil paintings to graphic arts.

title: Pavel Kastusik


text:
Humber College Comedy: Writing and Performance

The Humber Comedy Program was founded in 1999, at Humber College in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Courses include stand-up, improvisation, scriptwriting, sketch comedy, and business aspects of the profession. The program features many mainstage class shows, a weekly Humber student show at Yuk Yuk's Comedy Club, and an organized showcase at Second City Toronto for scouts, directors, and agents with students included on the basis of merit.

History
It was preceded in 1997 by an annual one-week intensive, created by Joe Kertes, called The Humber Comedy Workshop. Anne Beatts, Lorne Frohman, Joe Flaherty, George Shapiro, Carol Leifer, and Stephen Rosenfield were guests in this program in 1998.

At various points, instructors have included Robin Duke and Paul O'Sullivan.

Lorne Michaels has credited this program for his top talents when it comes to Saturday Night Live.

Alumni

 * Marty Adams
 * Rebecca Addelman
 * Ashley Comeau
 * Kurtis Conner
 * Debra DiGiovanni
 * Dini Dimakos
 * Sam Easton
 * Nathan Fielder
 * Mark Forward
 * Ajay Fry
 * Richard LeBlanc
 * Karl Ludwig
 * Levi MacDougall
 * Jeff McEnery
 * Nikki Payne
 * Renee Percy
 * Jason Rouse
 * Steph Tolev
 * Norm Sousa, Never Ever Do This at Home


text:
Avenue Road, Toronto

Avenue Road is a major north–south street in Toronto, Ontario. The road is a continuation of University Avenue, linked to it via Queen's Park and Queen's Park Crescent East and West to form a single through route. Until January 1, 1998, these roads were designated Highway 11A.

Route
Avenue Road is the western limit of the former village of Yorkville, officially beginning at Bloor Street and ending just north of Highway 401. At its southern terminus, it runs between two tall buildings – the Park Hyatt hotel (on the northwest corner of Bloor and Avenue Road) and the Renaissance Plaza condominium complex. On the northeast corner of the intersection with Bloor is the Church of the Redeemer.

For much of its length, the road is fairly residential, with a mix of small businesses, as well as a few large schools and churches. A notable building along the road's lower section is the Hare Krishna Temple (formerly the Avenue Road Church), opposite Dupont Street and across the street from the Anglican Church of the Messiah.

Just north of St. Clair Avenue, Avenue Road is interrupted by Upper Canada College, stopping at Lonsdale Road and resuming again at Kilbarry Road. The primary traffic route runs east of the school, following widened sections of Lonsdale Road and Oriole Parkway, then returning to Avenue Road via Oxton Avenue. (The short section of Avenue Road from Kilbarry to Oxton is an ordinary two-lane side street.)

North of Eglinton Avenue, the former St. James-Bond Church once stood. This building, which used to house two prime downtown congregations – St. James Square (formerly Presbyterian), and Bond Street (formerly Congregationalist) – was built in the late 1920s and closed in June 2005. It has since been demolished. Near Lawrence Avenue is Havergal College, a private girls' school. Although located in the former city of North York, much of the area considers the school to be part of North Toronto.

Avenue Road ends at Bombay Avenue, just after crossing Highway 401 (exit 367). Originally, Avenue Road continued from what is now the interchange by angling northeast via the Hogg's Hollow Bridge (across the Don River West Branch) to end at Yonge Street. However, this section of the road was incorporated into Highway 401 when it was constructed during the 1950s.

A few miles north of Toronto's Avenue Road, there is a separate Avenue Road (which is not considered a resumption after a break such as the case with streets like Kipling or Woodbine Avenues that have separate sections in York Region) in the Yonghurst neighbourhood of Richmond Hill, running almost due north of the Toronto one. This roadway is a residential route from Edgar Avenue to Weldrick Road West.

Name
The thoroughfare's name sounds tautological or self-contradictory from a North American perspective, where avenue is one of the most common generic designations for street names; Robert Fulford once wrote that it "sounded like an identity crisis with pavement". However, Avenue Road is a common street name elsewhere in the English-speaking world, notably Avenue Road, Bangalore, and in London, where at least 40 streets bear this name. In British English, an avenue is a row of trees, hence Avenue Road denotes a street lined with trees.

A common urban legend about the origin of the name goes as follows: A team of Scottish surveyors were surveying the old town of York and came to a spot on Bloor Street. The leader of the group then pointed north and exclaimed, "Let's 'ave a new road!"

Public Transit
Public transit along Avenue Road is provided by the Toronto Transit Commission, on two, formerly three, different bus routes. The two main full-service routes are the 13 Avenue Road, and the 61 Avenue Road North, which provide service south and north of Eglinton Avenue respectively. The former originates from Eglinton station and takes commuters into downtown, and the latter originates from a bus loop at the northern end (Bombay Avenue) and feeds into Eglinton station. There was also an express route, 142 Avenue Road Express, which ran the length of the road, for a direct ride into downtown and the Financial District. It ran during rush hours only and required a double fare, however after the pandemic hit it was discontinued, and it is unknown if it will return.

title: Avenue Road, Toronto


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BBWAA Career Excellence Award

The BBWAA Career Excellence Award, formerly the J. G. Taylor Spink Award, is the highest award given by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA). It is given "for meritorious contributions to baseball writing" and voted on annually by the BBWAA. Winners are typically announced in December, with the award presented during induction festivities of the Baseball Hall of Fame in July.

Winners of the award are not members of the Hall. They are not "inducted" or "enshrined." They are not "Hall of Fame sportswriters." There is no "writers' wing of the Hall of Fame." But winners are permanently recognized in an exhibit at the Hall's library.

The award was instituted in 1962 and named after J. G. Taylor Spink, publisher of The Sporting News from 1914 to 1962, and the award's first recipient. In February 2021, the BBWAA voted to remove his name from the award "due to Spink’s troubled history in supporting segregated baseball."

Eligibility
The honoree does not have to be a member of the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA), but every recipient from the award's 1962 inception through 2013 had been a BBWAA member at some time. The first recipient who had never been a BBWAA member was recipient Roger Angell. Despite having written on baseball for more than a half-century, Angell never worked a specific baseball writing beat, thereby making him ineligible for BBWAA membership.

Veterans Committee role
For several years in the early 2000s, honorees became life members of the Veterans Committee, which elects players whose eligibility for BBWAA consideration has ended, and is also the sole body that elects non-players for induction into the Hall. Starting with elections for induction in, voting on the main Veterans Committee, which then selected only players whose careers began in 1943 or later, was restricted to Hall of Fame members. After further changes announced for the and  elections, BBWAA Career Excellence Award winners are eligible to serve on all of the era-based voting bodies that succeeded the Veterans Committee (and are still colloquially referred to as such).

Recipients
Through 2006, the BBWAA designated honorees based on the announcement year (typically in December). In the below table, winners through 2006 are listed with both their announcement year, and their induction ceremony year (the ensuing summer). In 2007, the BBWAA changed the year designation for the award to coincide with the induction ceremony. Thus, while the official BBWAA year designations jump from 2006 to 2008, the award has been bestowed annually since inception, except for one year missed due to the 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike.

From 1972 through 1981, there were multiple honorees each year. This again occurred in 1988 and 1992. Since that time, there has been a single winner each year.

Through 2010, the award was presented during the actual induction ceremony; since then, it has been presented at the Hall of Fame awards presentation, held the day before the induction ceremony. In recent years, the Hall of Fame has announced the finalists for the award and final vote totals. Previously, such detail was not made public, with only the winner announced.

title: BBWAA Career Excellence Award


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SSN (hull classification symbol)

An SSN is a nuclear-powered general-purpose attack submarine. SSN is the US Navy hull classification symbol for such vessels; the SS denotes a submarine and the N denotes nuclear power. The designation SSN is used for interoperability throughout NATO under STANAG 1166, though navies use other terms.

History
The first nuclear-powered attack submarine was the US Navy's USS Nautilus (SSN-571), operational from 1954. This was followed by the four submarines of the Skate-class submarine entering service in 1957. The Royal Navy's first nuclear fleet submarine was HMS Dreadnought (S101) which by using an American reactor entered service in 1963. The first all-British nuclear submarines were the two Valiant-class submarines.

The USN submarine fleet has been all-nuclear powered for over two decades. The bulk of the USN's SSN fleet has been the Los Angeles-class attack submarine. Designed during the Cold War the Los Angeles-class boats' raison d'etre was to protect USN carrier battle groups and to hunt Soviet Navy SSBNs before they could launch a first strike against the United States.

The first ever major combat action involving an SSN was during the 1982 Falklands War. An Argentinian cruiser, ARA General Belgrano was sunk by torpedoes fired by the Royal Navy fleet submarine HMS Conqueror (S48). After that incident, the Argentinian Navy was effectively confined to port.

Since the end of the Cold War, SSNs have evolved into multi-mission submarines. Their roles include submarine-launched cruise missile platforms, intelligence gathering platforms, insertion and exfiltration of special forces teams in addition to traditional hunter-killer SSN roles.

The advantages of an SSN over a conventionally powered SSK are much longer endurance (limited more by the crew than the boat, a nuclear submarine can stay submerged for months and does not need refueling in their 25-year lifespans), and higher speed. Unlike most SSKs, SSNs do not have to surface periodically for air, which would compromise their stealth. Some of the newest conventional submarines approach these advantages: Stirling engine powered vessels can cruise underwater for up to two weeks and, like diesel/electric vessels (and in theory LOX powered vessels), are significantly quieter than nuclear submarines, since they do not need to run the powerful (and noisy) pumps associated with the cooling circuits of pressurized water reactors.

The main disadvantages of an SSN are the technological challenges and expenses of building and maintaining a nuclear power plant. Nuclear submarines can have political downsides, as some countries refuse to accept nuclear-powered vessels as a matter of policy. Furthermore, decommissioned nuclear submarines require costly dismantling and long term storage of the radioactive waste.

The following navies currently operate SSNs:
 * People's Liberation Army Navy of China
 * French Navy
 * Indian Navy
 * Russian Navy
 * Royal Navy of the United Kingdom
 * United States Navy

Active and future SSN classes

 * 🇦🇺 Royal Australian Navy
 * Virginia-class submarine – three planned (with an option to purchase a further two vessels)
 * SSN-AUKUS – up to eight planned

 * 🇧🇷 Brazilian Navy
 * Brazilian submarine Álvaro Alberto – one under construction

 * 🇨🇳 People's Liberation Army Navy of the People's Republic of China

 * Han-class submarine (Type 091) – three in service, two retired
 * Type 093 submarine – six in service
 * Type 095 submarine – five planned

 * 🇫🇷 French Navy
 * Rubis-class submarine – four in service, two retired
 * Barracuda-class submarine – one in service, second on sea trials, total of six planned

 * 🇮🇳 Indian Navy
 * Akula-class submarine – one to be delivered by 2025. (Another leased Akula class submarine was returned to Russia in 2021, before the end of its contract.  )
 * Project 75 Alpha – six planned
 * 🇷🇺 Russian Navy
 * Victor III-class submarine – three in service, 45 retired
 * Sierra II-class submarine – two in service
 * Akula-class submarine – 10 in service, four retired
 * Yasen-class submarine – three in service, one on sea trials, total of 12 planned

(Known as "fleet submarines" in the Royal Navy.)
 * 🇬🇧 Royal Navy of the United Kingdom

 * Trafalgar-class submarine – one in service, six retired
 * Astute-class submarine – five in service, two more under construction
 * SSN-AUKUS – number TBD (first design contract awarded)

 * 🇺🇸 United States Navy

 * Los Angeles-class submarine – 30 in service, 32 retired
 * Seawolf-class submarine – three in service
 * Virginia-class submarine – 19 in service, 66 planned in total
 * SSN(X)-class submarine – number TBD (under development)

Retired SSN classes

 * 🇮🇳 Indian Navy
 * INS Chakra (1987) was formerly the Charlie-class submarine K-43 leased in 1987 from Russia and returned in 1991.
 * INS Chakra (2011) was formerly the Akula-class submarine Nerpa leased from Russia in 2011 and returned in June 2021.

 * 🇬🇧 Royal Navy of the United Kingdom
 * HMS Dreadnought (S101) - the Royal Navy's first nuclear-powered fleet submarine 1963 - 1980
 * Valiant-class submarine - 2 submarines in service 1966 - 1994
 * Churchill-class submarine - 3 submarines in service 1970 - 1992
 * Swiftsure-class submarine - 6 submarines 1973-2010

 * Soviet / 🇷🇺 Russian Navy
 * November-class submarine 1958-1991
 * K-278 Komsomolets - only member of the "Mike" class, 1984 - 1989 (sank after fire)
 * Alfa-class submarine

 * 🇺🇸 United States Navy
 * USS Nautilus (SSN-571) (unique)
 * USS Seawolf (SSN-575) (unique)
 * Skate-class submarine - 4 submarines in service 1957 - 1989
 * Skipjack-class submarine - 6 submarines in service 1959 - 1990 (One lost, 1968)
 * USS Triton (SSN-586) (unique)
 * USS Halibut (SSN-587) (unique)
 * Permit-class submarine - 14 submarines in service 1961 - 1996 (One lost, 1963)
 * USS Tullibee (SSN-597) (unique)
 * Sturgeon-class submarine - 37 submarines in service 1967 - 2004
 * USS Narwhal (SSN-671) (unique)
 * USS Glenard P. Lipscomb (SSN-685) (unique)

title: SSN (hull classification symbol)


text:
Talk:Grunge metal

untitled
THis genre sounds made up. AiC is grunge, not "grunge metal". Get some sources for it or delete the article. -- LGagnon 00:55, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)

To call something "grunge metal" is a redundancy. Grunge is a combination of metal and punk. Practically every major grunge band (Soundgarden, Pearl Jam, Nirvana ect.) had metal influences in their sound. The article should probably be deleted. - no name

Speedy
What WP:CSD does this article meet? Pburka 19:03, August 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * No meaningful content or history (1st criteria mentioned in the General section). I've further explained it in the template now to point out that it is inaacurate and the only accurate info is redundant of another article. -- LGagnon 19:15, August 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * I think that this is really stretching the CSD. No meaningful content is intended for articles where the text is completely meaningless. I would suggest simply redirecting this article to Grunge music. Pburka 19:23, August 6, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Grunge metal


text:
Chrisma

Chrisma may refer to:
 * Chrism, a consecrated oil used in many Christian denominations
 * Krisma, originally known as Chrisma, an Italian new wave/electronic music duo

title: Chrisma


text: Category:Humber College

title: Category:Humber College


text:
Harry Shewman

Harold Proctor Shewman (April 14, 1900 in Winnipeg, Manitoba – July 13, 1968) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1949 until his death in 1968.

Shewman was educated at Wellington School in Winnipeg. He moved to Morris with his family in 1915. He was a partner in his father's construction business and later worked as an auctioneer and insurance agent. He was a school trustee from 1925 to 1938, and served as mayor of the Town of Morris from 1948 to 1954, coinciding with his early period in the legislature.

Shewman was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1949 provincial election. At that time, Manitoba was governed by a coalition of the province's Liberal-Progressives (commonly called Liberals) and Progressive Conservatives. Shewman ran as an independent candidate in Morris, and defeated coalitionist John C. Dryden by 153 votes. Shewman was initially identified as a coalition supporter, but had turned to the opposition side by 1950.

In 1950, Shewman called on Premier Douglas Campbell to declare a state of emergency over rising flood waters. Campbell delayed, which resulted in a number of municipalities being left ineligible for federal relief.

Shewman was re-elected in the 1953 general election, again as an independent. He was not opposed by the Progressive Conservatives (who left the coalition government 1950), and seems to have been at least tacitly supported by that party. He formally joined the Progressive Conservatives in 1954, after Dufferin Roblin was chosen as the party's leader.

The Progressive Conservatives made significant gains in the 1958 provincial election, and formed a minority government after the vote. Shewman was easily re-elected under the PC banner, and was again returned without difficulty in the elections of 1959 and 1962. In the 1966 election, he defeated Liberal Bruce McKenzie by the reduced margin of 230 votes.

He served on the backbenches throughout his time in parliament, and was never appointed to a cabinet position.

Shewman died in 1968. The Morris constituency has remained in Progressive Conservative hands since this time.

title: Harry Shewman


text:
User talk:BirgerLangkjer

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Alai 00:59, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
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Lajables
This is an automated message from CorenSearchBot. I have performed a web search with the contents of Lajables, and it appears to include a substantial copy of http://www.tntisland.com/folklore.html. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions will be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences.

This message was placed automatically, and it is possible that the bot is confused and found similarity where none actually exists. If that is the case, you can remove the tag from the article and it would be appreciated if you could drop a note on the maintainer's talk page. CorenSearchBot (talk) 10:01, 9 August 2008 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Lajables
A tag has been placed on Lajables requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A1 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a very short article providing little or no context to the reader. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the article does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that a copy be emailed to you. -  Toon  05  23:10, 9 August 2008 (UTC)

Anand Marg
If I am not wrong Anand Marg is a highly negative, even criminal cult but this wiki article is far from truth. You have commented upon it. Do you know something about it ? Please reply on my Talkpage  Jon Ascton    (talk)  05:04, 30 March 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:BirgerLangkjer


text:
Jacks River

The Jacks River or Jack's Fork (of the Conasauga River) is a 19.4 mi river in the Cohutta Wilderness Area of northwest Georgia, United States.

Recreation
The Jacks River flows into the Conasauga River before the latter crosses over 411 Highway. The Jacks River is accessible by US National Forest Service Roads. The immediate area around Jacks River Falls was closed to camping in March 2003 due to overuse. Other areas along the Jacks River are still open to camping, but there are now restrictions on the number of people allowed to camp per site, the distance between campsites, and others.

title: Jacks River


text:
Talk:45th Infantry Division (United States)

Note
I forgot to login and performed a few edits under IP 67.118.17.3. — FJ | Talk  18:03, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Korean War
There is nothing here on the Korean War. Only two National Guard Divisions were called up for Korea and the 45th was one. The other was the 40th from California. This needs to be described and references. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.81.151.62 (talk) 05:21, 25 April 2009 (UTC)

Source for war crimes claim?
Hello, 217.82.36.172. Please provide a source for your May 1 claims:

 * In Sicily the division committed some of the worst war crimes of the allied forces, murdering hundreds of German and Italian prisoners of war.
 * and
 * ...on April 29, 1945...murdering 520 of their surrendered German and Hungarian guards.
 * ...on April 29, 1945...murdering 520 of their surrendered German and Hungarian guards.
 * ...on April 29, 1945...murdering 520 of their surrendered German and Hungarian guards.

Here's a comparison of edits. — FJ | hello  16:24, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

(Later) I went ahead and removed the first claim and edited the second claim to highlight its allegation status. The only source I have for the claim of 520 Waffen-SS soldiers who were allegedly killed at Dachau does not insist on the accuracy of the figure or indeed of the events. I think this is probably justification for adding a special section to this article devoted to all of this. There is quite a lot of detail on this site for example but I am not sure where they got their information. — FJ | hello  12:15, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

I have edited this whole section to link to the relevant Wiki pages. There is no need to get into detailed discussion of this here, it is more efficient to discuss it on the page focussed on the crime. Andreas 10:22, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

 * "Day of Battle" by R. Atkinson has a detailed describtion of the three POW killings during the first days of the invasion of Sicily and the cover-up that followed.Markus Becker02 13:07, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I've found a reliable source for one of this division's massacres. This is from Antony Beevor's "The Second World War", pages 597-8:
 * "...both Bradley and Patton faced a potential scandal. In Bradley's 45th Infantry Division, a National Guard formation which Patton had encouraged before the invasion to make itself known as the 'killer division', a sergeant and a captain massacred more than seventy unarmed prisoners. Patton's initial reaction was that the murdered soldiers should be described as snipers or as prisoners shot while attempting to escape. The military authorities decided to hush up the whole affair on the grounds that the Germans might take reprisals against Allied prisoners."

Source
"Dachau, Hour of the Avenger" by Howard Buechner (who was a medical officer of the division in question). Also I've understood that the official U.S. Army documents about the happenings are no longer classified.
 * Buechner makes this claim, but I would like to see what he bases it on, since it is at odds with the other descriptions of the event. The original US Army Report does not give a number of casualties. Andreas 10:10, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

There were no gas chambers at Dachau. A sign was erected post liberation for a propaganda photoshoot, but all authorities concur that there were no homicidal chambers at this campGaptech (talk) 19:23, 28 November 2011 (UTC)

Removal of Swastika insignia
There is no reason to remove the insignia, unless it is historically not correct. It was the official shoulder patch prior to 1939, and as such should be shown. Before attempting to remove it again, please outline the reasons for the edit here. Andreas 15:41, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

This image is incorrect. The 45th division swastika was left-facing, the mirror of the right-facing nazi swastika. I do not know how to fix this but the image is definitely incorrect. 18 July 2010

Dubious
Neither Mark Clark nor Raymond S. McLain ever commanded the 45th Infantry Division. Clark was the Fifth Army commander, which was the senior command for the 45th ID, but Clark never commanded the division itself.

Raymond S. McLain was the 45th DivArty Commander, but never the Division Commander. (GregJackP (talk) 23:05, 7 February 2010 (UTC))

Dated 18/02/2010.

I was disgusted when I realised that this Division is still in existence even after the massacre at Dachau. The American were always quick to criticise the The UK about how we tried to stop IRA terrorists funded by collections on American streets. I was in The Corps of Royal Marines and proud to serve in an honourable Corps. What really sickened me was SS Fighting Troops were killed, they had nothing to do with the camp, and they were very very brave MEN and Great Fighters there's no denying that, not like the cowards who shot them. When everybody said the guards deserved it, put yourself in their position, if you don't guard that CAMP, you and your relatives are next in the ovens !!!, what would you do, yes protest and do it. No I am afraid the only shoulder Flash I would put on the Division is a Large White Feather.

Ex 42 Commando RM —Preceding unsigned comment added by Lochee785 (talk • contribs) 00:44, 20 February 2010 (UTC)

The Waffen-SS were political soldiers, special fanatical volunteers not even part of the regular Wehrmacht army, and no, the Nazis did not put Germans in the crematoria, so the Waffen-SS didn't have to worry about THAT.

Swastika (a different explanation)
Although I think it was clearly an Indian badge, there is a different explanation for the Swastika: before becoming the 'Thunderbird Division', the Oklahoma National Guard's original nickname was 'Sooner Soldiers'. The swastika was a stylized SS (the short for 'Sooner Soldiers', nothing to do with the Nazi SS). A 'Sooner' was a white settler from Oklahoma, that was an Indian territory until c.1900. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.8.98.118 (talk) 12:35, 10 March 2010 (UTC)

The 45th division swastika was left-facing, the mirror of the right-facing nazi swastika. I do not know how to fix this but the image is definitely incorrect. The left-facing swastika also looks less like two S's.

If you look online everything shows a right facing swastika, including the 45ths museums webpage. Also for sources that say that the swastika was a native american symbol we can look at the swastika wikipedia page and see this source at the bottom "Dottie Indyke. "The History of an Ancient Human Symbol." April 4, 2005. originally from The Wingspread Collector's Guide to Santa Fe, Taos and Albuquerque, Volume 15." http://www.collectorsguide.com/fa/fa086.shtml which itself includes 3 sources. Sorry I don't know how to add sources but there it is. 70.184.254.248 (talk) 23:20, 13 October 2010 (UTC)Tulsa

Fixed the Swastika directions to match the definitions used in main Swastika article. 208.115.153.106 (talk) 04:23, 21 January 2012 (UTC)

1950 Reorganization
Currently, the article states: "During this time the division was also reorganized and as a part of this process the 157th Infantry was removed from the division's order of battle and replaced with the 279th Infantry Regiment.[89]"  The cite is Varhola's Fire and Ice, history of the Korean War. Either Varhola has this wrong, or the reference has been misunderstood (I don't have a copy of this book to check). The reorganization that replaced the 157th with the 279th occurred in 1946. This is supported by the Lineage and Honors of each regiment, reproduced on the respective regiments' pages: 157th & 279th RTO Trainer (talk) 01:13, 10 July 2012 (UTC)