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Van Asch College

Van Asch Deaf Education Centre was located in Truro Street, Sumner, Christchurch, New Zealand. It was a special school for deaf children, accepting both day and residential pupils, as well being as a resource centre providing services and support for parents, mainstream students and their teachers in the South Island and the Lower North Island (south of Taupō).

The school was founded in 1880. Formerly called the Sumner Deaf and Dumb Institution, Sumner Institution for Deaf-Mutes and Sumner School for the Deaf, the school was renamed in its centenary year as van Asch College in honour of its first Principal, Gerrit van Asch.

In 2019, the New Zealand government decided to merge the school with Kelston Deaf Education Centre in Auckland to form one national school. This national school was named Ko Taku Reo.

History
Prior to 1877, there was no state assistance for educating deaf children in New Zealand. Wealthy parents could send their deaf children to schools for the deaf either in Australia or England or else privately hire a teacher to come out to New Zealand. Dorcas Mitchell was one such teacher who had trained in England to teach in sign language and then come to New Zealand to teach the four deaf children of Rev. Bradley, at Charteris Bay, in Lyttelton Harbour, certainly before 1870. On 29 November 1877, the New Zealand House of Representatives enacted the Education Act 1877, which provided for free primary education for all children aged between 5 and 15 in New Zealand from 1 January 1878. Education was compulsory for non-Maori children between 7 and 13 but exceptions could be made for sickness or infirmity and children could be expelled for disruptive behaviour.

Establishment
William Rolleston, when he represented the electorate in 1878, proposed a school for deaf children in Parliament. The motion was agreed and the Government agreed to add funds to the supplementary estimates to establish an Institution for the deaf in Christchurch. This was the first time in the world a government had funded a residential school for educating people who were deaf, so could not speak.

Recruitment of a teacher
In November 1878, Sir George Grey, Colonial Secretary, wrote to Julius Vogel, then the Agent-General for New Zealand, in London, to recruit a suitable teacher from England. Upon seeing news of this correspondence in the Lyttelton Times, Dorcas Mitchell wrote to Grey seeking appointment and indicating she had intended to establish her own school for deaf-mutes. The Secretary of Education, John Hislop, visited Miss Mitchell in Lyttelton in March 1879 to see her proposed school, which he thought unsuitable. It soon became apparent that the school would be also be associated with an orphanage, which Rolleston felt was not what Parliament intended. Nevertheless, in June 1879, the Government assisted Miss Mitchell investigate other possibilities in Dunedin and Oamaru.

Appointment of the first director
In June 1879, Vogel informed Grey that Gerrit van Asch had been selected as the Institution's first Director. Van Asch, who was born in 1836 and had been specially trained in Holland and Germany in the Pure Oral method, before moving to England in 1859 to establish private schools for educating deaf mutes by spoken language and lip-reading only. The commissioners reported he was the only applicant, of seventeen, who was trained in the German system system, teaching lip-reading, speech, writing and reading concurrently. They also noted he also spoke English "without an accent". Of the other applicants, the Commissioners reported that 12 men were trained to teach with sign, and 3 men had no special training. (No mention was made of the abilities or gender of the remaining applicant.) He emigrated to New Zealand in October 1879 and selected the Sumner site temporarily, with intentions to move to a larger population center in the future.

Commencement
The Institution for the Deaf and Dumb opened for "training and instruction of deaf-mutes" in Sumner on 10 March 1880. By June 1880, the school had 10 students and grew to have 37 students, including one from Australia, as well as 4 teachers, by the end of 1885. From January 1886, the Institution for Deaf-Mutes, as it was by then known as, leased "Sumner College", a large five-year-old building that had been erected as a boarding school by Mr. C. L. Wiggins, in order to accommodate its growing roll. From the beginning Van Asch was enthusiastic to demonstrate his teaching methods to the many visitors to the school and they were amazed by the results. In his response to the 1886 report, the Minister of Education observed that the "deaf are seldom dumb". In 1888, an assistant teacher from the Sumner Institution, who was visiting schools for the deaf in other countries to see their teaching methods, was giving evidence before a Royal Commission into the Education of Deaf-Mutes, in London.

Compulsory attendance
The School Attendance Act 1901, which was enacted on 7 November 1901, required children who were deaf or blind be given "efficient and suitable" education between the ages of seven and sixteen. Parents who could not do so were obliged to send their children to an "Institution" that the Minister of Education directed the child attend. The requirements were carried forward into the 1904 consolidation and reprint of the Education Act. In practice, this required parents to enrol their deaf children at the Sumner institution, or else educate them privately and at their own expense.

Retirement of the first Director
Director van Asch retired at the end of March 1906. Miss van Asch, his daughter, who had taught at the school for 17 years also retired.

School for the Deaf
At the end of his report for the 1907 year, the new Director, J. E. Stephens, observed that the school's official title was misleading and requested that "The School for the Deaf" be used instead. In 1958, the Boys' House was burnt down in the early hours of the morning.

The old main building was centred near the hills and Evans Pass.

Oralist beginnings
The Milan Congress of September 1880 resolved it was best to use Oral education for the deaf. Although this method of deaf education was not universally supported, with some British and American educators of a contrary opinion. In 1980, the 15th International Congress on the Education of the Deaf (ICED) held in Hamburg, West Germany, repudiated 1880 resolutions. Oral education persisted up until the late 1970s, the philosophy of the school was to prevent the students from using sign language (now New Zealand's third official language). Children were taught exclusively via oral methods, forcing them to learn to lipread and speak, with punishments being given for use of sign language.

Nevertheless, school student also acquired sign language from some of the adult support staff, who were also deaf, as well as older pupils and their peers in various social settings away from the classroom and not supervised by their teachers.

Mainstreaming
From 1966, some deaf students were educated in a deaf classroom at Sumner School, the nearby state primary school with the intent of socializing deaf student into a hearing school and familiarising students of the two schools with each other. The inter-change of students and teachers between the two schools continued in the 1970s and 1980s and was considered a positive experience by teachers but extremely challenging for students, both deaf and hearing.

Bilingual teaching
In the late 1970s, the school switched to bilingual teaching and currently, in addition to presenting the curriculum in NZSL, Sign Supported English and oral (aural) modes, the college now offers the facility for deaf and hard of hearing students being educated in mainstream settings to learn about NZSL as part of a Deaf Studies curriculum.

2011 Christchurch earthquakes
After the Christchurch earthquakes in February and June 2011 made the old Redcliffs School site unsafe, the van Asch Deaf Education Centre hosted the 400 pupils and staff for nine years pending a decision to close or rebuild that school. Eventually a new site was found and the school building were rebuilt in Redcliffs Park on Beachville Road, across the road from the original site, and the school moved to its new site on 22 June 2020.

Merger
In 2012 the Boards of Trustees of the van Asch Deaf Education Centre and Kelston Deaf Education Centre combined to become a single board running both schools. On 9 April 2019, as a result of a request by the Combined Board of both schools, the Minister of Education announced that van Asch Deaf Education Centre and Kelston Deaf Education Centre would merge in 2020 at the beginning of the third term and become one national school to support more than 2700 deaf or hard of hearing children and students up to the age of 21 in the New Zealand Education system. In 2020, van Asch became a residential campus and support centre for Ko Taku Reo.

Deaf staff
The employment of deaf gardeners, cooks and cleaners has been credited with having a significant effect on the transmission of signs between generations, with children picking up signs the auxiliary staff used to communicate with each other, despite disapproval from teaching staff.

In 1992 the Board of Trustees had its first deaf chairperson.

In 1993 the first Sign Language tutor was employed.

In 1997 the first deaf teacher was employed.

title: Van Asch College


text:
User talk:ThomasWinwood

Custom Signature
I had to ask too, it is rather difficult to find out how to do it. The first step is to figure out what you want your signature to look like, you can see some examples here. After that it is pretty simple, open up your preferences, check the "Raw signature" checkbox, and input the wikicode (the code you type to make the sig appear) into the nickname field. Then you will have a custom signature. If you need any more help, ask away. Happy editing!

Prodego talk  16:07, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

Tom, you seem knowledgable about the Saturn, can you save a Panzer Dragoon game, and if so, how many blocks are required?--the Dannycas 22:42, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

No problem, I don't have PDS yet, just #1. Thanks anyway.--the Dannycas 00:48, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

So what the hell does "heteroflexible" really mean, anyways glad to see an old (not quite in your case?) abingdonian editing wikipedia. Dmstewar 20:19, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:ThomasWinwood


text:
Talk:Jessica Alba

Categorized as Jewish
How it is it possible to categorize her as Jewish? Her father has Jewish mitochondrial DNA. ALL mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother. I know this is original research but OR is permitted on talk pages. This leads to the further deduction that's she's related to Alan Dershowitz which is patently falsifiable. Hope someone can clean this up one day. Wlmg (talk) 15:18, 20 July 2023 (UTC)

I tried to call 66.76.32.254 (talk) 03:23, 7 March 2024 (UTC)

Idle Hands
Using the adjective "little seen" to the movie Idle Hands in the Acting Career section seems a bit pointy and irrelevant, especially since the movie's page describes it as having a cult following. 2603:8080:3600:1849:6883:4739:B7FD:B5E8 (talk) 21:13, 17 June 2024 (UTC)

Being sexy
Being sexuest woman on the planet 2600:100C:B0AD:FE05:0:22:2B5:8C01 (talk) 10:34, 1 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jessica Alba


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Marisa Warrington

Marisa Michelle Warrington  is an English-born Australian actress, perhaps best known for playing Sindi Watts on the Australian soap opera Neighbours.

Warrington graduated from the National Theatre Drama School in 1996. She went on to appear in theatre productions with the Australian Shakespeare Company. She appeared in a number of television commercials and had a recurring role in the police drama Blue Heelers. She had two separate guest stints in Neighbours, before she was cast as Sindi Watts.

Warrington made her debut as Sindi on a recurring basis in 2002. Sindi became a regular character in 2004, living with Susan Kennedy and dating Toadfish Rebecchi and then Stuart Parker. She was involved in a range of storylines, including stripping and later on, prostitution, when she needed to pay for an operation to restore her boyfriend Stuart Parker's sight. In 2005 she left the show when her character was committed to a psychiatric hospital because of violent tendencies. Her final scenes were screened in Australia in August of that year. In February 2017, Warrington reprised her role for one episode. She made another appearance in February 2018 and returned for a longer stint from 26 June 2018.

Warrington formed the band Lucy De Ville with fellow Neighbours actress Marcella Russo and colleague Shaun Gardener. In 2009 she had a guest role on comedy series Mark Loves Sharon and in 2011 appeared in television series Winners & Losers.

title: Marisa Warrington


text:
Talk:Tablets of Stone

Confusion
This is confusing: it refers to the tablets being inscribed with the ten commandments, but Exodus 31:18 merely refers to "two tablets of the Testimony," and there are ten chapters' worth of additional commandments before that happens. Please clarify. - Montréalais 10:24, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi, are you aware that there are a few references and descriptions of these Tablets of Stone involved here? In Hebrew (the language of the Hebrew Bible of course) a "stone" is an even (plural avanim). For example: Book of Exodus (24:12) says: "God said to Moses, 'Come up to Me, to the mountain, and remain there. I will give you the stone tablets (Luchot HaEven in Hebrew), the Torah and the commandment that I have written for [the people's] instruction.', then again in the Book of Deuteronomy (4:13) "He announced to you His covenant, instructing you to keep the Ten Commandments, and He wrote them on two stone tablets (Luchot Avanim in Hebrew).  . And then Moses says, also in the Book of Deuteronomy (9:9) "I had climbed the mountain to get the stone tablets (Luchot HaAvanim in Hebrew) - tablets of the covenant that God had made with you. I remained on the mountain forty days and forty nights without eating food or drinking water."  . So these three Primary source references should suffice to show that calling them the "Tablets of stone" is A-OK. 11:55, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * That's not what I mean. That they're stone is fine, but I'm inquiring as to the scriptural justification of the belief that these stones contained only the Ten Commandments, rather than the books of the several chapters of the law that are mentioned in connection with them in Exodus. - Montréalais 07:14, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Ok then, it does EXPLICITLY say in the Book of Exodus (34:28) "[Moses] remained there with God [on the mountain] for 40 days and 40 nights without eating bread nor drinking water. [God] wrote the words of the covenant, consisting of the Ten Commandments, on the Tablets." and in the Book of Deuteronomy (4:12-13) "Then God spoke to you out of the fire. You heard the sound of words, but saw no image; there was only a voice. He announced to you His covenant, instructing you to keep the Ten Commandments, and He wrote them on two stone tablets." , so as they say, "it --the Ten Commandments -- is written in stone". Hope this answers your question, if that's what it was. IZAK 07:56, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Yes, well, of course you are leaving out the fact that Ex 34:28 EXPLICITY ref to the "ritual 10 commandments", NOT the ten commandments that you have hypertexted to. Now, be careful how you cook your kid! I think your diritions is missplaced on such a tenuous purchase on the facts.

 * Using the letter P in the example concerning the miraculous properties of the tables is misleading, since they were not written in the Latin alphabet, but in Hebrew (the letter samech would have the same property, however). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.23.229.72 (talk) 17:13, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

Shape
While there is Talmudic source for the tablets having rectangular shape, does anyone know a source for the iconic rounded-top shape? (Is there a way to request that a question be researched by those with interest in a topic?) JCSalomon (talk) 00:29, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

..."rectangles, with sharp corners ... so depicted in the 3rd century paintings at the Dura-Europos Synagogue..." The top portion of the fresco on the west wall (of what remains of the Dura-Europos Synagogue) reportedly showing Moses receiving the tablets appears to be missing, so there is no depiction of the tablets.--LarG (talk) 17:33, 6 November 2022 (UTC)

Wrong name in English
They're very well known in English as the "Tables of the Law". It strictly doesn't matter what the literal translation of this or that verse from the Bible actually reads like, the name "Tables of the Law" is deeply entrenched in the language. Let's get real, please! Arminden (talk) 23:56, 14 December 2015 (UTC)ArmindenArminden (talk) 23:56, 14 December 2015 (UTC)

The Ten Commandments are intended to make a law book out of the Pentateuch The ten commandments are fashioned in the same manner the Egyptians used to establish a new god. 1. An image of the god is carved in stone 2. The stone is placed in an ark. 3. The ark is placed in a sanctuary. Here the image is of the written law, carved in stone. It differs from the Whm or standard of the Herald of the son of the Apis bull representing the legal standing of the divine rights of kings which was also intended to go in the ark as the staff of Aaron The 10 Commandments List, Short Form

You shall have no other gods before Me. The original standard of the god is the staff of Moses You shall not make idols. The ten commandments and or the staff and the ark which contains them are idols You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain. Moses refuses the calling offers Aaron to serve in his stead Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. “You may read the Bible from Genesis to Revelation, and you will not find a single line authorizing the sanctification of Sunday. The Scriptures enforce the religious observance of Saturday, a day which Christians never sanctify. The Catholic Church correctly teaches that our Lord and His Apostles inculcated certain important duties of religion which are not recorded by the inspired writers…We must, therefore, conclude that the Scriptures alone cannot be     a sufficient guide and rule of faith”" ( The Faith of Our Fathers, 1917, p. 89).    Honor your father and your mother. Moses does not know his mother or his father    You shall not murder. Moses murders an Egyptian    You shall not commit adultery. Moses has two wives Zippurah and Keturah    You shall not steal. Moses plunders the Egyptians    You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. Moses claims the people he leads were slaves     They are actually foreign kings of the Hyksos with coats of many colors; skilled craftsman, diplomats,      census keepers, armed soldiers,priests, wealthy merchants with standing to speak to the Pharoah,      doctors, sorcerers, sailors, miners, goldsmiths,jewlers,They wear clothes of silk and scarlet leather,      carry many talents of gold and silver; drive before them herds of cattle and sheep You shall not covet. Moses and his crew of pirates and adventurers steal everythingthats not bolted down including Hatshepset's fleet which they use to cross the Red Sea from Elim to Elat.

2604:6000:8747:5700:8C83:27B9:F388:E95B (talk) 10:42, 5 September 2017 (UTC)

Who wrote the New Stone Tablets
It seems to me that NIV bible linked in the article implies that Moses wrote on the new set of tablets after the words of God, not God himself. 27 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Write down these words, for in accordance with these words I have made a covenant with you and with Israel.” 28 Moses was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights without eating bread or drinking water. And he wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant — the Ten Commandments. Note that God commands Moses to write down his words - to me it sounds like command to write on the tablets (it will make no sense to write it down on different media and make that the covenant, not the tables themself). Also "he" is lowercase, so it refers to Moses, not to God. --Dmitry Platonov (talk) 07:07, 13 August 2018 (UTC)

5+5 vs. 3+7
I can't cite a source off the top of my head, but I think this is worth mentioning (in the "Content" section). In some Christian artwork I see that there are 5 commandments on the one tablet and 5 on the other, but in other Christian artwork I see 3 on the one tablet and 7 on the other. This isn't just some obscure oddity that I've run into; many works of art go with 3+7 rather than 5+5. I don't know the history behind it, but I do know that 3+7 corresponds with the traditional Catholic numbering (3 commandments pertaining to love of God, and 7 to love of neighbor) and reflects the Augustinian numerology (3 symbolizes God while 7 signifies man if I recall correctly). The artists have deliberately composed their works in this manner, to convey the symbolism. Whereas I am not sure what 5+5 symbolizes, if anything. 73.133.224.40 (talk) 02:52, 10 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tablets of Stone


text: User talk:82.46.92.157

title: User talk:82.46.92.157


text:
Dunton Green railway station

Dunton Green railway station is on the South Eastern Main Line in England, serving the Kent village of Dunton Green. It is 20 mi down the line from London Charing Cross and is situated between Knockholt and Sevenoaks stations. Trains calling at the station are operated by Southeastern.

History
Until 1961 this station served as the junction for the Westerham Valley Branch Line to Brasted and Westerham. When this line was constructed, a subway was built which passed under the branch platform and allowed access from the main station forecourt to a footpath leading west to Dunton Green. This subway remains in place today.

Accidents and incidents
On 23 April 2021, a tamper caught fire near the station and was severely damaged. Both lines were blocked. Services between Sevenoaks and Orpington were diverted.

Facilities
The station is unstaffed, having had its ticket office closed in the early 1990s. Tickets must now be purchased from the self-service ticket machine at the station which is also fitted with passenger help points and information screens on both platforms.

The station has a small car park which holds a total of 26 cars. The car park was free until November 2008 when charges were introduced and the car park is now operated by Saba Parking. There is also a small cycle rack at the station entrance.

The station has step-free access available to the London bound platform only as the Sevenoaks bound platform is only reachable through the use of steps.

Services
All services at Dunton Green are operated by Southeastern using, , and  EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 2 tph to London Charing Cross via Grove Park and Lewisham
 * 2 tph to Sevenoaks

Connections onto fast services to London, Tunbridge Wells and Hastings can be made by changing at Orpington or Sevenoaks.

title: Dunton Green railway station


text:
Magnesium nitrate

Magnesium nitrate refers to inorganic compounds with the formula Mg(NO3)2(H2O)x, where x = 6, 2, and 0. All are white solids. The anhydrous material is hygroscopic, quickly forming the hexahydrate upon standing in air. All of the salts are very soluble in both water and ethanol.

Occurrence, preparation, structure
Being highly water-soluble, magnesium nitrate occurs naturally only in mines and caverns as nitromagnesite (hexahydrate form).

The magnesium nitrate used in commerce is made by the reaction of nitric acid and various magnesium salts.

Use
The principal use is as a dehydrating agent in the preparation of concentrated nitric acid.

Its fertilizer grade has 10.5% nitrogen and 9.4% magnesium, so it is listed as 10.5-0-0 + 9.4% Mg. Fertilizer blends containing magnesium nitrate also have ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate and micronutrients in most cases; these blends are used in the greenhouse and hydroponics trade.

Reactions
Magnesium nitrate reacts with alkali metal hydroxide to form the corresponding nitrate:

 * Mg(NO3)2 + 2 NaOH → Mg(OH)2 + 2 NaNO3.

Since magnesium nitrate has a high affinity for water, heating the hexahydrate does not result in the dehydration of the salt, but rather its decomposition into magnesium oxide, oxygen, and nitrogen oxides:
 * 2 Mg(NO3)2 → 2 MgO + 4 NO2 + O2.

The absorption of these nitrogen oxides in water is one possible route to synthesize nitric acid. Although inefficient, this method does not require the use of any strong acid.

It is also occasionally used as a desiccant.

title: Magnesium nitrate


text:
Chu Hsi-ning

Chu Hsi-ning (born Chu Ch'ing-hai; 16 June 1927 – 27 March 1998) was a Chinese writer based in Taiwan.

His daughters Chu T’ien-wen and Chu T’ien-hsin are also famous writers.

Life
Chu was born in Suqian, China. In 1945, he entered an art college in Hangzhou, but dropped out to join the nationalist army in the struggle against the communists. He reached the rank of colonel. He was one of the soldiers who accompanied Chiang Kai-shek to Taiwan in 1949. He came to prominence as a writer in the 1950s and remained productive until his death.

He can be grouped with anti-communist writers or the soldier writers; his fiction displays an interest in the impact of modernity on ordinary people and in the clash of social forces. These are concerns he inherited from the May Fourth Movement and the writers of the 1930s. However, Chu Hsi-ning, unlike many Chinese writers of the 1930s, was a conservative. His stories reinforce traditional communal values and a morally Christian worldview.

Chu is the father of writers Chu T’ien-wen and Chu T’ien-hsin, together with whom he participated in the Three-Three series of publications in the late 1970s. The "threes" stand for the Three Principles of the People and for the Christian trinity.

Works translated to English
"Dawn" was adapted into a 1968 film directed by Sung Tsun-shou and produced by Li Han-hsiang, starring Peter Yang.

title: Chu Hsi-ning


text:
Nagle's algorithm

Nagle's algorithm is a means of improving the efficiency of TCP/IP networks by reducing the number of packets that need to be sent over the network. It was defined by John Nagle while working for Ford Aerospace. It was published in 1984 as a Request for Comments (RFC) with title Congestion Control in IP/TCP Internetworks in.

The RFC describes what Nagle calls the "small-packet problem", where an application repeatedly emits data in small chunks, frequently only 1 byte in size. Since TCP packets have a 40-byte header (20 bytes for TCP, 20 bytes for IPv4), this results in a 41-byte packet for 1 byte of useful information, a huge overhead. This situation often occurs in Telnet sessions, where most keypresses generate a single byte of data that is transmitted immediately. Worse, over slow links, many such packets can be in transit at the same time, potentially leading to congestion collapse.

Nagle's algorithm works by combining a number of small outgoing messages and sending them all at once. Specifically, as long as there is a sent packet for which the sender has received no acknowledgment, the sender should keep buffering its output until it has a full packet's worth of output, thus allowing output to be sent all at once.

Algorithm
The RFC defines the algorithm as inhibit the sending of new TCP segments when new outgoing data arrives from the user if any previously transmitted data on the connection remains unacknowledged.

Where MSS is the maximum segment size, the largest segment that can be sent on this connection, and the window size is the currently acceptable window of unacknowledged data, this can be written in pseudocode as if there is new data to send then if the window size ≥ MSS and available data is ≥ MSS then send complete MSS segment now else if there is unconfirmed data still in the pipe then enqueue data in the buffer until an acknowledge is received else send data immediately end if end if end if

Interaction with delayed ACK
This algorithm interacts badly with TCP delayed acknowledgments (delayed ACK), a feature introduced into TCP at roughly the same time in the early 1980s, but by a different group. With both algorithms enabled, applications that do two successive writes to a TCP connection, followed by a read that will not be fulfilled until after the data from the second write has reached the destination, experience a constant delay of up to 500 milliseconds, the "ACK delay". It is recommended to disable either, although traditionally it's easier to disable Nagle, since such a switch already exists for real-time applications.

A solution recommended by Nagle, that prevents the algorithm sending premature packets, is by buffering up application writes then flushing the buffer: The user-level solution is to avoid write–write–read sequences on sockets. Write–read–write–read is fine. Write–write–write is fine. But write–write–read is a killer. So, if you can, buffer up your little writes to TCP and send them all at once. Using the standard UNIX I/O package and flushing write before each read usually works.

Nagle considers delayed ACKs a "bad idea" since the application layer does not usually respond within the delay window (which would allow the ACK to be combined with the response packet). For typical (non-realtime) use cases, he recommends disabling delayed ACK instead of disabling his algorithm, as "quick" ACKs do not incur as much overhead as many small packets do for the same improvement in round-trip time.

Disabling either Nagle or delayed ACK
TCP implementations usually provide applications with an interface to disable the Nagle algorithm. This is typically called the  option. On Microsoft Windows the  registry switch decides the default. is present since the TCP/IP stack in 4.2BSD of 1983, a stack with many descendants.

The interface for disabling delayed ACK is not consistent among systems. The TCP_QUICKACK flag is available on Linux since 2001 (2.4.4) and potentially on Windows, where the official interface is SIO_TCP_SET_ACK_FREQUENCY.

Setting  to 1 in the Windows registry turns off delayed ACK by default. On FreeBSD, the sysctl entry net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack controls the default behavior. No such switch is present in Linux.

Large-write case
The interaction between delayed ACK and Nagle also extends to larger writes. If the data in a single write spans 2n packets, where there are 2n-1 full-sized TCP segments followed by a partial TCP segment, the original Nagle algorithm would withhold the last packet, waiting for either more data to send (to fill the packet), or the ACK for the previous packet (indicating that all the previous packets have left the network). A delayed ACK would, again, add a maximum of 500 ms before the last packet is sent. This behavior limits performance for non-pipelined stop-and-wait request-response application protocol such as HTTP with persistent connection.

Minshall's modification to Nagle's algorithm makes it such that the algorithm always sends if the last packet is full-sized, only waiting for an acknowledgement when the last packet is partial. The goal was to weaken the incentive for disabling Nagle by taking care of this large-write penalty. Again, disabling delayed ACK on the receiving end would remove the issue completely.

Interactions with real-time systems
Applications that expect real-time responses and low latency can react poorly with Nagle's algorithm. Applications such as networked multiplayer video games or the movement of the mouse in a remotely controlled operating system, expect that actions are sent immediately, while the algorithm purposefully delays transmission, increasing bandwidth efficiency at the expense of one-way latency. For this reason applications with low-bandwidth time-sensitive transmissions typically use  to bypass the Nagle-delayed ACK delay.

Another option is to use UDP instead.

Operating systems implementation
Most modern operating systems implement Nagle's algorithms. In AIX, and Windows it is enabled by default and can be disabled on a per-socket basis using the  option.

title: Nagle's algorithm


text:
COE

COE or Coe may refer to:

Organizations

 * Center of excellence
 * NATO Centres of Excellence
 * Chamber Orchestra of Europe, based in London, England
 * Church of Euthanasia, an American religious organization
 * Comandos e Operações Especiais, a police tactical unit of the São Paulo State Military Police
 * Council of Europe, an international organization
 * Council on Occupational Education, in the U.S.
 * Odinist Community of Spain – Ásatrú (Spanish: Comunidad Odinista de España), a neopagan organization in Spain
 * Spanish Olympic Committee (Spanish: Comité Olímpico Español)
 * United States Army Corps of Engineers, a U.S. federal agency

United Kingdom

 * Coe Fen, south of Cambridge, England
 * Glen Coe, Scotland
 * River Coe, Scotland

United States

 * Coe Township, Rock Island County, Illinois
 * Coe, Indiana, an unincorporated community
 * Coe, Kentucky, an unincorporated community
 * Coe Township, Michigan
 * Coe, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
 * Mount Coe, Maine
 * Coe Hill, a mountain in New York State
 * Coe Glacier, Oregon

Transportation

 * Cab Over Engine, a body style of truck, bus or van
 * Coe Rail, Inc., a former rail line in Michigan, U.S.
 * The IATO airport code for Coeur d'Alene Airport, Idaho, U.S
 * The ICAO airline code for Comtel Air of Austria
 * The National Rail station code for Coombe Junction Halt railway station, Cornwall, UK
 * Certificate of Entitlement, a Singapore vehicle licence

People

 * Coe (surname), including a list of people with the name
 * Coe (given name), including a list of people with the name or nickname

Other uses

 * Coe College, a private liberal arts college in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, U.S.
 * Computer engineering (abbreviated CoE)
 * Contingent owned equipment, owned by UN member states to peacekeeping missions
 * Consistent or common operating environment, or Standard Operating Environment, for software
 * coe, ISO 639-3 code for the Koreguaje language of Colombia
 * Communication on Engagement, submitted by non-business participants with the UN Global Compact on corporate sustainability and social responsibility
 * Conjugated oligoelectrolytes, a class of synthetic antimicrobials

title: COE


text:
Mica Paris

Michelle Antoinette Wallen (born 27 April 1969 ), known professionally as Mica Paris, is an English singer, presenter, and actress. Her debut album, So Good, was released in 1988, spawning the singles "My One Temptation" and "Where Is the Love". She has since gone on to release seven further albums: Contribution (1990), Whisper a Prayer (1993), Black Angel (1998), If You Could Love Me (2005), Soul Classics (2005), Born Again (2009), and Gospel (2020). In 2020, Paris played Ellie Nixon on the BBC soap opera EastEnders.

Music
Paris grew up singing in her grandparents' church, and by her mid-teens was making regular appearances with the Spirit of Watts gospel choir (with whom she featured on the 1985 EP Gospel Joy). At the age of 17, she became a backing vocalist with the UK band Hollywood Beyond. Paris appeared on their album If (1985). In 1988, she released her debut and platinum-selling album So Good with 4th & Broadway when she was 19 years old. "My One Temptation" was the lead single. This led to a collaboration with American soul singer Will Downing on a cover version of a classic "Where Is the Love", made famous by Donny Hathaway and Roberta Flack in the early 1970s.

The follow-up album, Contribution, was released in 1990. This extended Paris' soul and gospel influences to bring in hip-hop and house music and featured the track "If I Love U 2 Nite", written by Prince and recorded at his Paisley Park studios. With Omar Lye-Fook, a classically trained musician, Paris recorded "I Should've Known Better" in 1990. It was issued on the B-side to "South of the River". Paris also recorded with Anita Baker, Bonnie Raitt and Natalie Cole on the album Nelson Mandela: An International Tribute for a Free South Africa (1990), and provided the title track to Isaac Julien's Young Soul Rebels movie soundtrack the following year. She worked with the saxophonist Courtney Pine ("Redemption Song" – 1992), the Stereo MCs ("Don't Let Up" – 1992) and Bobby Womack ("I Wish I'd Never Met You" – 1991).

Her third album was Whisper a Prayer (1993), which included the singles "I Never Felt Like This Before" and "I Wanna Hold On To You", as well as "You Put a Move on My Heart" which was later recorded by Tamia in 1995 on Quincy Jones's Q's Jook Joint album. This followed by more collaboration work on album tracks with Guru on his Jazzmatazz II ("Looking Through Darkness" in 1995), Mark Morrison ("Tears For You" – 1996) and Maxwell ("Mantra" – 1996). Paris released the album Black Angel on Chrysalis in 1998. It contained a cover version of U2's "One", and a duet with James Ingram. Black Angel produced two more Top 20 singles in "Stay" and 'Carefree". More collaborations followed with Omar ("Confection" – 1994), Max Beesley ("High Vibes" – 1994), Dubversive ("Police & Thieves" – 1998), the Mobo All Stars compilation album in 1998, Mister Exe ("One Million Smiles" – 1998), Prince ("Just My Imagination" – 2000) and Boy George ("I Could Be Someone" – 2000). A collaboration with David Gilmour and Jools Holland on Screamin' Jay Hawkins' track "I Put A Spell On You" followed in 2001. The trio had regrouped on occasions to perform the hit.

Two years later, Paris lent her voice to Walt Disney Pictures (Touchstone Pictures) soundtrack for High Heels and Low Lifes, which was later included in the Primal Screen soundtrack compilation album (2001). In 2003, Paris released the Moby sampling "Heart" with Seraphim Suite. Paris also joined Omar onstage for his gig at The Shepherds Bush Empire. She also contributed to the track "I Don't Understand" on Milk & Sugar album. 2004 saw Paris feature as a guest on The New Inspirational Choir's album Inspirations along with Keisha White and Jocelyn Brown. In 2005, Paris released the album If You Could Love Me (Wounded Bird Records), featuring backing from the Brecker Brothers on the title track, with executive producer Andreas Neumann and producer Bernard Grobman. Also in 2005, she released the album Soul Classics, with executive producers Rick Blaskey and Andreas Neumann. Paris collaborated with Lemar on the track "Can't You See" on his album The Truth About Love in 2006, and in February 2008, she released the duet "Secret Lovers" with Alexander O'Neal. This was followed by a residency at the Indigo 02.

In June 2009, she released her sixth studio album, Born Again. She embarked on a nationwide tour, which included dates at the Jazz Cafe in February 2009 to showcase the material. The album was produced by Brian Rawling. James Morrison wrote Paris' first single, "Baby Come Back Now". Paris released the second single from Born Again on 17 August 2009. The track, "The Hardest Thing", was remixed by Stonebridge, Almighty and 2Darc. Paris performed at various venues prior to the release from the album in March 2010 of the title track "Born Again".

On 4 June 2022, Paris performed "Climb Ev'ry Mountain" with Nicola Roberts and Ruby Turner at the Platinum Party at the Palace concert to celebrate the Platinum Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II.

Television and radio
In 2002, Paris hosted a programme on BBC Radio 2, titled Soul Solutions and narrated several music documentaries for the station. She also presented the 2002 Channel 4 television documentary The Gospel of Gospel which revealed the influence of the black American church tradition on pop music. Produced and directed by David Upshal, it featured contributions from Ray Charles, Isaac Hayes, B. B. King, Al Green, Chaka Khan, Alexander O'Neal, Edwin Hawkins, The Blind Boys of Alabama and Mary Mary. Furthermore, she broadcast a two-part show, Purple Reign: The Prince Story, on BBC Radio 2 which covered the entirety of the American artist's controversial career and featured interviews with George Clinton, Chaka Khan and Jimmy Jam. She was also a narrator on an award-winning documentary featuring Diana Ross focusing on her European and international success rather than her megastar status in the states.

In 2005, she appeared on week three of the ITV reality series Hit Me, Baby, One More Time, which was won by Carol Decker. The same year she made an appearance in, and was the winner of, week one in the second series of Come Dine with Me. From 2007, she was a co-host for two seasons of the popular consumer style programme What Not to Wear for BBC Television. Other television presenting has followed with Paris being an expert judge on Gok Wan's Miss Naked Beauty for Channel 4 and ITV's CelebAir.

In 2007, she played the part of Amelia Walker, a fictitious American jazz singer, in At Bertram's Hotel, an episode of the ITV series Marple. During the drama the character gives a concert at the Royal Albert Hall, and also sings with Louis Armstrong's band rehearsing in the hotel dining room whilst both were guests at the hotel. On 8 July 2008, Paris, her mother, father and sister appeared as The Paris Brigade on series 4 episode 9 of Gordon Ramsay's The F Word, as part of the celebrity brigades series. Paris has continued to appear on a variety of television programmes—from Channel 5's news talk show The Wright Stuff, ITV1's all-female panel talk show Loose Women, The Michael Ball Show and BBC One's Strictly Come Dancing.

During 2013, Paris became a regular guest on the ITV show This Morning. In February 2017, she stood in for Craig Charles on his Saturday night House Party, 10 pm to midnight, on BBC Radio 2 for two weeks. She later stood in for Trevor Nelson on his Saturday night Rhythm Nation, 8 pm to 10 pm, at the same station, in April 2017. In October 2017, she performed a medley of 1980s classics on BBC1's Children in Need Rocks the 80s. In 2020, Paris was cast in the BBC soap opera EastEnders as Ellie Nixon. On 27 December 2020, she was on Songs of Praise. On 14 December 2023, Paris was featured on BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour promoting her new album and Sky Arts show, A Gospel Christmas, with her supporting singers. The programme was broadcast on 23 December 2023.

Theatre
In 1993, Paris starred in two West End shows: Mama I Want to Sing and Sweet Lorraine. In October 2004, Paris took part in the UK tour of the stage play The Vagina Monologues. In the summer of 2015, Paris took part in the UK tour of the musical Love Me Tender. In 2019, Paris starred in a production of Fame.

Book
While presenting What Not To Wear, Paris encountered many women whose stories touched her. She began to examine her own life and choices, and was compelled to tell her story in a bid to inspire confidence and self-esteem to those women and others. Her book Beautiful Within: Finding Happiness and Confidence in Your Own Skin was published by Simon & Schuster UK; ISBN 1-84737-085-3. The paperback was released in August 2008.

Charity work
Paris has designed a pillow-case for ByteNight a charity event organised to raise funds for the NCH and youth homelessness. Mica is the patron for the Space For Music project, the project to renovate Band on the Wall a venue owned and operated by registered charity Inner City Music Ltd. She is also an Ambassador for The Amy Winehouse Foundation and has sung at many special fundraising occasions for the charity including their 2012 Ball. She is also currently supporting the "No Means No" anti-rape and gender equality campaign set up by the largest free local newspaper for English expats in Spain, EuroWeekly News.

Accolades
In 2003, Paris was presented with the Gold Badge Award by the Ivors Academy for her special contribution to the British entertainment industry. In 2004 she was in the Top 10 list of the 100 Great Black Britons, which was compiled to celebrate the achievements and contributions made by the British Black community over the centuries.

Paris was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2020 Birthday Honours for services to music, entertainment and charity.

Personal life
Paris was born in Islington in North London, but moved to Brockley, South London, when she was nine. She has discussed being teased as a child for having the name "Michelle" due to the popularity of Susan Tully’s portrayal of Michelle Fowler in EastEnders, causing her to adopt the nickname, and later professional name, "Mica".

Paris has two daughters, Monet (b. 1991, with her former Irish husband ) and Russia-Mae (b. June 2006, from her previous relationship with German film director Andreas Neumann). Paris is a close friend of American singer Chaka Khan. The two first met while both performing at the Royal Albert Hall, and Khan is Godmother to Paris' eldest daughter.

Paris' sister, Paula Wallen, was also a pop music singer, and she is the cousin of boxer Chris Eubank. Paris has been an ambassador of the Metropolitan Police's Operation Trident since 2001, when her brother was shot dead while at work.

Discography

 * So Good (1988)
 * Contribution (1990)
 * Whisper a Prayer (1993)
 * Black Angel (1998)
 * If You Could Love Me (2005)
 * Soul Classics (2005)
 * Born Again (2009)
 * Gospel (2020)

title: Mica Paris


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Category:Moraceae

Moraceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Rosales

title: Category:Moraceae


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Lache

The Lache (sometimes simply Lache) is a housing estate in the city of Chester, in Cheshire, United Kingdom, with a population of around 10,000. It is located approximately 2 mi southwest of the ancient city, with good local transport links en route to Saltney. The main streets are Cliveden Road, which runs through the centre of the estate, and Sycamore Drive. The area runs almost continuously into Westminster Park and Saltney.

Etymology
The etymology of the word Lache likely derives from the Old English word 'loecc, from an earlier word 'lacu' and meaning water. It therefore suggests The Lache was originally situated nearby to a body of water. There is another place in Cheshire called Shocklach which has a similar etymology.

Facilities
The Lache has two churches: St Mark's (Church of England) on St. Marks Road, and St. Clare's (Roman Catholic) on Downsfield Road. There are a number of shops including an off-licence, a hairdresser, a bakery, a food bank and a newsagent. There are two schools: Lache Primary School and St Clare's Catholic Primary, with a sports facility in between the two schools. There are also several playgroups, a local branch library, a large community centre and hall, and a youth club.

A new railway station has been proposed for The Lache.

Local government
Lache forms part of the Cheshire West and Chester council area.

British Parliament
Lache is in the City of Chester parliamentary constituency and is represented by Samantha Dixon, who has held the seat since December 2022.

title: Lache


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Talk:Health insurance fraud

Merge to insurance fraud
Since both articles are small in size I propose to merge them into one article since health insurance fraud is a subcategory of insurance fraud.--Clawed 11:55, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Health insurance fraud


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User:TheRavenIsUnSkill

I am 22 years old, and a fan of Japanese animation, rock music, and computer related topics.

title: User:TheRavenIsUnSkill


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Talk:Jean Étienne Valluy

Requested move
I would like to rename this page to reflect the way Jean Etienne Valluy spelled his name. I had problems when I tried to rename it myself because the French Wikipedia entry for him has the same name. Is there a way for both pages to have the same name? I do not want to merge them. Ptrickf (talk) 14:40, 21 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I've moved it. You don't need to have a full discussion if it's uncontroversial.--Aervanath lives in the Orphanage 15:26, 21 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Thank you. Ptrickf (talk) 18:17, 21 December 2008 (UTC)

Jean-Etienne or Jean Etienne?
Is it Jean-Etienne or Jean Etienne (without the "-")? I made a redirect for Jean Etienne Valluy to here. But as far as I know (i.e. not much), it could just as well have have been made the other way around. Shanes 10:40, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

It is Jean Etienne without the hyphen. His father's name was Claudius. Ptrickf (talk) 16:16, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 04:01, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

According to Bernard B. Fall's Street Without Joy, page 144 and a May 31, 1972 article in the Stars and Stripes titled Street Without Joy--It Still Is, the Street Without Joy is a section of coast road, route 555, which runs parallel with highway 1 between Hue and Quang Tri. The Street Without Joy would be 600km south of the road described in this article.99.14.210.128 (talk) 14:11, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jean Étienne Valluy


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Keaīwa Heiau State Recreation Area

Keaīwa Heiau State Recreation Area is the ruins of a temple (Heiau in the Hawaiian language) at the summit of a hill and neighborhood called Aiea Heights on Oahu, Hawaii. The recreation area includes camping facilities and a 4.8 mi trail. It also offers clear views of Pearl Harbor. The high point of Puu Uau is about halfway down the trail, where native ohia lehua and koa trees may be viewed. The remains of a military plane that crashed in 1944 can also be seen along the trail. The hike is not particularly difficult, however it does include one quite steep switchback stretch and can be extremely muddy if it has just rained. Allow for around 2.5 hours of easy strolling. A possible translation of Keaʻiwa would be mysterious, incomprehensible. It is believed that this name was given in reference to the healing powers of the plants that no one could really explain. In addition, Keaiwa Heiau may have also been known as a "Heiau Hoʻola," or the healing or life-giving heiau according to native Hawaiian scholar Mary Kawena Pukui.

Foresters replanted most of this area in the late 1920s. The lemon eucalyptus trees give forth a mild citrus scent in the air. The trail's lower end is marked by stands of Norfolk Island pine trees. Pu'u Uau, the trail's high point around halfway along the length, is surrounded by native koa and ohi'a trees. There is also wreckage of a B-24 aircraft that went down in 1944.

The name "Keʻaiwa" means "strange" or "incomprehensible" in Hawaiian. Perhaps the name refers to the idea that the powers of the kahuna and the plants employed in healing are unfathomable.

Erected sometime in the 16th century by Kakuhihewa, the 15th Aliʻi ʻAimoku, or ruling chief, of Oahu, the 100 feet (24 m) by 160 ft stone temple had walls averaging 4 ft in height and 5 ft in width. The walls consisted of numerous evenly faced one foot stones that are filled with rubble. Abundant medicinal herbs in the area were used by kahuna as a type of ancient herbal clinic. The kahuna would also train haumana (students) interested in the art of laʻau lapaʻau (healing medicine). The kahuna would also train students in the practice of praying, fasting, and medicinal healing using the neighboring plants. The reputed healing powers of the surrounding plants still draws visitors who leave temple offerings, hoping to experience medicinal benefits.

Most of the trees in the area were replanted during the early 20th century. Although native species can be found at the highpoint of the trail. The remnants of a military airplane that crashed onto the area in 1993 can also be seen from the trail.

The site provides a map for the 4.5 mi Aiea Loop Trail. Several varieties of trees and other vegetation are enjoyed by visitors who make the trek.

Fees, hours, and facilities
Heiau State Recreation Area is free to the public.

April 1 to Labor Day: 7 am to 7:45 pm After Labor Day to March 31: 7 am to 6:45 pm

The camping and picnic areas accommodate up to 100 people and come equipped with restrooms and showers. Advance permits must be obtained for camping.

Gallery
KEAIWA HEIAU ''A temple with life giving powers believed to be a center where the Hawaiian kahuna lapaau or herb doctor practiced the art of healing. Herbs grown in nearby gardens were compounded and prescribed with prayer—Commission on Historical Sites''

title: Keaīwa Heiau State Recreation Area


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Sevenoaks railway station

Sevenoaks railway station is a railway station on the South Eastern Main Line in England, serving the town of Sevenoaks, Kent. It is 22 mi down the line from London Charing Cross and is situated between Dunton Green and Hildenborough stations. Trains calling at the station are operated by Southeastern and Thameslink.

Trains from the station run northbound to London Bridge, Cannon Street, Waterloo East and Charing Cross via Orpington, or to Blackfriars via Swanley and Catford; and southbound to Ashford International and Ramsgate via Dover Priory, or Tunbridge Wells and Hastings.

History
Sevenoaks railway station was opened on 2 March 1868. It was formerly known as "Tubs Hill", after the adjacent area. There is a second station, on the branch to Swanley Junction, which opened on 2 June 1862. The station is named after the Bat & Ball local inn which is now closed, and serves the north end of the town.

The two lines to Sevenoaks were electrified in January 1935. When the station was reconstructed in the 1970s a new ticket office was built replacing the old wooden S.E.R. building. The largest version of the Southern Region D70 type glass box station, this reconstruction was designed by regional architect Nigel Wikeley. Two additional side platforms were also abolished.

Sevenoaks is part of the rail franchise which, post-privatisation, was served by Connex South Eastern. Subsequent to their 'sacking' in 2003 due to poor financial management (although their train operating performance had been very poor), services were operated by South Eastern Trains, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Strategic Rail Authority. On 1 April 2006, Southeastern, owned by Govia, took over management of the station as part of the new Integrated Kent Franchise.

Accidents
7 June 1884 - A double-headed freight train ran into the rear of another freight train at Tub's Hill station. Both crew of the first train were killed. The Hildenborough signalman was charged with causing their deaths. The trains were being worked under the time interval system.

24 August 1927 - the Sevenoaks railway accident. River class tank locomotive No. 800 River Cray derailed at Shoreham Lane between Dunton Green and Sevenoaks. Thirteen people were killed and 20 were injured. The locomotives were withdrawn and rebuilt as tender locomotives.

Platforms
There are two island platforms – 1 & 2, and 3 & 4.
 * Platform 1 – Northbound fast trains (through Dunton Green) fast to London Bridge, Waterloo East, London Charing Cross and London Cannon Street
 * Platform 2 – Slow trains starting/terminating at Sevenoaks (through Dunton Green) to London Charing Cross and London Cannon Street via Orpington and Lewisham
 * Platform 3 – Southbound trains via Tonbridge (destinations are Tunbridge Wells, Hastings, Ashford International, Canterbury and Ramsgate)
 * Platform 4 – Thameslink trains (through Bat & Ball), which all start/terminate here

Services
Services at Sevenoaks are operated by Southeastern and Thameslink using, , , and  EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 4 tph to London Charing Cross (semi-fast)
 * 2 tph to London Charing Cross via Grove Park and Lewisham (stopping)
 * 2 tph to London Blackfriars via Catford
 * 2 tph to Hastings via Tunbridge Wells (1 semi-fast, 1 stopping)
 * 1 tph to Dover Priory
 * 1 tph to Ramsgate via Canterbury West

Additional services, including trains to and from London Cannon Street and Ramsgate via Deal call at the station during the peak hours. In addition, the service to London Blackfriars is extended to and from Welwyn Garden City via Finsbury Park.

Passenger Representation
The not-for-profit Sevenoaks Rail Travellers' Association (SRTA) corresponds and meets with Southeastern Railway, TfL, the DfT, MPs and other relevant parties to represent the interests of passengers using Sevenoaks and stations nearby – Bat & Ball, Dunton Green, Eynsford, Kemsing, Otford, and Shoreham.

title: Sevenoaks railway station


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Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain

Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (Partido Comunista de los Pueblos de España) is a Marxist–Leninist communist party in Spain. PCPE was founded out of the unification of several Marxist-Leninist factions. The youth organization is called the Communist Youth of the Peoples of Spain.

History
From 13–15 December 1984, a "Communist Unity Congress" was held in Madrid. Partido Comunista de España Unificado (PCEU, Unified Communist Party of Spain), Movimiento de Recuperación del PCE (MRPCE, Movement for the Recuperation of the PCE), Movimiento para la Recuperación y Unificación del PCE (MRUPCE, Movement for the Recuperation and Unification of the PCE), Candidatura Comunista (CC, Communist Candidature), and some minor groups unified themselves, thus creating Partido Comunista (renamed PCPE in 1986).

All these groups had surged from splits from the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) during the 1970s and 1980s. Quickly after its foundation, PCPE was recognized by some other parties, such as the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and other state-bearing Eastern bloc parties. The party was formed by those who were against Santiago Carrillo's Eurocommunist line in the PCE. The Catalan referent of PCPE was initially Party of Communists of Catalonia (PCC), but it later broke with PCPE and now the Catalan referent is the Communist Party of the Peoples of Catalonia.

PCPE briefly joined Izquierda Unida in 1987. In 2000, the Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) merged with PCPE, and the publication of the united party became Unidad y Lucha.

In 2021, the PCPE formed a coalition with the reconstituted Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) for the Madrid regional election as the Coalition for Communist Unity.

In 2023, the party decided, for first time since 1989, to not contest the election independently. The PCPE is calling for a null vote, calling the election an "imperative need of the bourgeois state to urgently rebuild the power bloc that guarantees the necessary institutional stability, for the management of the oligarchic interests represented by the Ibex35, the EU and European Central Bank, in the context of the general crisis of capitalism". However the party is contesting the two Canary Island constituencies in a coalition with Ahora Canarias.

2017 split
In April 2017 the PCPE suffered a major split. During the fifth plenary session of the central committee a minority of the committee recognized Ástor García as the new secretary general of the party, however a majority continued to recognize the incumbent (since 2002) secretary general Carmelo Suárez. The group around Ástor García created a new competing website of the PCPE.

Both PCPE-Suárez and PCPE-García were recognized by different communist parties as the legitimate PCPE. A majority of the Collectives of Communist Youth membership pledged allegiance to PCPE-García.

For the next two years both groups would compete for the PCPE name and international recognition. This dispute was finally resolved in March 2019 when the PCPE-García relinquished its claim to the PCPE name and renamed itself to the Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (Partido Comunista de los Trabajadores de España, PCTE).

Publications
PCPE publishes Unidad y Lucha and Propuesta Comunista (a theoretical journal). Before the PCOE-PCPE merger, the main publication of the party was Nuevo Rumbo.

title: Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain


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Charles Stone III

Charles Stone III (born 1966) is an American film director. He is best known for Drumline starring Nick Cannon, Mr. 3000 starring Bernie Mac, and Paid in Full.

Stone directed the video to "What They Do" by The Roots, featuring the group running through many rap video clichés.

Stone is the creator of the popular advertising campaign "Whassup?" for Budweiser in 1999. In October 2008, he directed a spoof of this campaign to depict his critical view of the Republican Party's eight years in the White House and to support the presidential campaign of Barack Obama.

A 1984 graduate of Central High School in Philadelphia, he is the son of Louise Davis Stone and journalist and Tuskegee Airman and journalist Chuck Stone.

Film

 * Drumline (2002)
 * Paid in Full (2002)
 * Mr. 3000 (2004)
 * CrazySexyCool: The TLC Story (2013)
 * Lila & Eve (2015)
 * Step Sisters (2017)
 * Uncle Drew (2018)
 * The Underdoggs (2024)

Television

 * Friday Night Lights (2007)
 * Lincoln Heights (2007–09)
 * Spaced (2008) (TV movie)
 * CrazySexyCool: The TLC Story (2013) (TV movie)
 * Greenleaf (2016)
 * Black-ish (2018–19)
 * Black Monday (2019)
 * Bigger (2019)
 * Mixed-ish (2019)
 * Zoey's Extraordinary Playlist (2020)
 * Superstore (2021)
 * Kenan (2021)
 * Naomi (2022)

Music videos

 * Living Colour – "Funny Vibe"
 * Living Colour – "Elvis Is Dead"
 * Colin James – "Just Came Back"
 * A Tribe Called Quest – "I Left My Wallet in El Segundo"
 * A Tribe Called Quest – "Bonita Applebum"
 * Intelligent Hoodlum – "Arrest the President"
 * Public Enemy – "911 Is a Joke"
 * Black Sheep – "The Choice Is Yours (Revisited)"
 * Harmony – "Poundcake"
 * Fu-Schnickens – "La Schmoove"
 * Fu-Schnickens – "True Fu-Schnick"
 * After 7 – "Can He Love U Like This"
 * Neneh Cherry featuring Guru – "Sassy"
 * The Roots – "Distortion to Static"
 * Eric Benét – "Let's Stay Together"
 * Screaming Headless Torsos – "Vinnie"
 * Vernon Reid – "Mistaken Identity"
 * The Roots – "Concerto of the Desparado"
 * The Roots – "What They Do"
 * Large Professor – "Ijustwannachill"
 * Artifacts – "The Ultimate"
 * Stephen Simmonds – "Get Down"
 * Ultra Naté – "Found a Cure"
 * P.M. Dawn featuring John Forté & Ky-Mani Marley – "Gotta Be...Movin On Up"
 * P.M. Dawn – "I Had No Right"
 * The Roots featuring Erykah Badu – "You Got Me"
 * The Roots – "The Next Movement"
 * Shootyz Groove – "L Train"
 * Quad City DJ's – "Let's Do It"

title: Charles Stone III


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Poul Ruders

Poul Ruders (born 27 March 1949) is a Danish composer.

Life
Born in Ringsted, Ruders trained as an organist, and studied orchestration with Karl Aage Rasmussen. Ruders's first compositions date from the mid-1960s. Ruders regards his own compositional development as a gradual one, with his true voice emerging with the chamber concerto, Four Compositions, of 1980. His notable students include Marc Mellits.

Writing about Ruders, the English critic Stephen Johnson states: "He can be gloriously, explosively extrovert one minute – withdrawn, haunted, intently inward-looking the next. Super-abundant high spirits alternate with pained, almost expressionistic lyricism; simplicity and directness with astringent irony."

Minor planet 5888 Ruders discovered by Eleanor Helin and Schelte J. Bus is named after him.

Music
Ruders has created a large body of music ranging from opera and orchestral works through chamber, vocal and solo music in a variety of styles, from the Vivaldi pastiche of his first violin concerto (1981) to the explosive modernism of Manhattan Abstraction (1982).

Other works include the operas Tycho (1986), The Handmaid's Tale (1990, with libretto by Paul Bentley), Proces Kafka/Kafka's Trial (2005, again with libretto by Bentley), Selma Ježková (2007, after Trier's ‘Dancer in the Dark’), and the fairytale operaThe Thirteenth Child (2016), five symphonies, four string quartets, Violin Concerto No. 1 (1981), Etude and Ricercare (1994) for guitar, for David Starobin, The Bells (songs) with Lucy Shelton, soprano, and the Christmas Gospel (1994) and two piano sonatas; Abysm (2000) for Birmingham Contemporary Music Group. Ruders has written several works for the American guitarist and promoter of new music David Starobin: Psalmodies (1989) and Paganini Variations for guitar and orchestra (1999–2000), and Psalmodies Suite (1990), Etude and Ricercare (1994) and Chaconne (1996) for solo guitar. Ruders has composed a Concerto in Pieces (1995), which is a set of variations on the "Witches' Chorus" from Purcell's opera Dido and Aeneas.

His fourth symphony, An organ symphony, (with a significant part for organ) was a joint international commission by the Dallas Symphony Orchestra, Odense Symphony Orchestra and the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra. The world premiere took place in the Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center, Dallas, Texas, 20 January 2011.

title: Poul Ruders


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Port of Turku

The Port of Turku (Turun satama, Åbo hamn) is a port located in the south-west of Finland, where the mainland meets the beginning of the Turku archipelago. Sited within Finland's sixth largest city, the port principally handles traffic between Turku and the Swedish capital of Stockholm and the enclaved Åland.

Harbour
The port spans a wide area on the southern coastline of the city of Turku, from the mouth of the River Aura to the district of Pansio. The area around the railway station is served by the four (twice-daily) Silja line and Viking Line passenger ferry services to Stockholm via Mariehamn, the capital of Åland.

Importance
Because of the port's location at the southwestern corner of Finland the harbour provides the most efficient route to serve the Baltic Sea. Turku Harbour is one of the most important shipment points in the country, handling over four million tonnes of cargo and a corresponding four million passengers per year.

As a comparison to Helsinki-Vantaa Airport; Turku handles one third as many passengers per year, but thirty times as much freight annually.

Daily passenger ferry traffic is operated from Turku to Åland and Stockholm. Weekly ferry destinations include Travemünde, Hamburg, Lübeck, Antwerp, Harwich and Paldiski. There are also less frequent connections to popular holiday destinations such as St Malo and several cities in Spain. The most important operators of ferry services are Silja Line and Viking Line.

District
Port of Turku (Finnish Turun satama; Swedish Åbo hamn) is also the name of a district of Turku, with boundaries roughly corresponding with those of the port's area. , the district had a registered residential population of forty-four people.

The port is mentioned in the Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi's 1154 book Kitab Rudjdjar, reflecting Turku's status as a capital city and major Baltic Sea trading post.

Railway
Turku Harbour railway station is located adjacent to the main passenger-ferry berths used by the ferries to Stockholm in Sweden and has two full-length tracks arranged with a central platform between them. Passengers walk directly off the platform and onto the car-park and bus-station area in front of the ferry terminals.

Most traffic to the station is by people wishing to board a ship at the port and the services are timed to overlap with the ferries berthing times. The station has direct boat-train services to Helsinki and towards Pieksämäki (terminating or starting in Tampere). All services to and from Turku Harbour call at Turku Central railway station. The three kilometre journey between the two stations takes around seven minutes, involving the slow-speed crossing of several main roads with level crossings, passing the city's residential and industrial areas.

The phrase Turku Harbour is the semi-official English name of the railway station, being used in English-language timetables and "next stop" announcements on board VR trains.

Note that although the station has direct through sleeping car services to Rovaniemi and Kolari in the north of Finland, passengers using the car-carrying trains are required to drive into the centre of the town to load their vehicles at Turku Central railway station where appropriate ramps are installed.

Cargo
Turku was the only port in Finland with a train ferry service. Between June 1989 and December 2011 SeaWind Line provided a limited train ferry operation for cargo. Because of the gauge difference between Finland (1,524 mm) and the rest of Europe (1,435 mm), through service was using special variable gauge rolling stock. The tracks in Stockholm and on the ferry itself were standard gauge, with a short section of standard gauge in the harbour area to enable hauling the wagons off the ferry before the gauge of the axles was altered using bogie exchange.

title: Port of Turku


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Bat & Ball railway station

Bat & Ball railway station is on Bat & Ball Road in the suburban town of Sevenoaks in Kent, England. The station is managed by Southeastern although all trains that serve the station are Thameslink. It is 25 mi from London Victoria, although all northbound trains run to London Blackfriars.

History
The station opened in 1862 with the name "Sevenoaks". It was then, some years later, named "Sevenoaks Bat & Ball" then renamed in 1950 to its current name. The name derives from the Bat & Ball Inn, a pub which no longer exists.

A long lease of the building was granted to Sevenoaks Town Council in 2017 for refurbishment supported by the Heritage Lottery Fund. Works began March 2018 – for a building re-opening in January 2019. It is a listed building in the initial, mainstream category, Grade II (two).

Facilities
The station is near the hospital, in the ecclesiastical parish of St John's Hill and in the broader town council's civil parish. It is on a south coastbound route from London via Swanley and via Otford. The northbound platform has a bench under a shelter and in 2014 new benches and service tannoy have graced the other platform. The staffed office, after fading, ceased on 30 November 1991. Southeastern has fitted an electronic screen showing departures.

The station has a car park. Once free, in 2010 a fee of £3 per day to park began. This resulted in the displacement of parking by commuters into surrounding residential streets, particularly Chatham Hill Road. Per the local press, parking problems for local residents were common, whilst leaving the station's car park almost deserted.

A PERTIS "permit to travel" machine was at the entrance to the southbound platform, later replaced by a card payment-only ticket machine in 2016. Before de-staffing in 1991, it had converted from the previous NCR21 card ticket system to APTIS on 12 April 1988. A rare misprint on some tickets issued just after conversion to APTIS rendered the station BAT BALL.

As part of the refurbishment project undertaken by Sevenoaks Town Council the station building will house a public cafe, public toilets, and community meeting rooms, due to open January 2019.

Services
All services at Bat & Ball are operated by Thameslink using EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 2 tph to London Blackfriars via Catford
 * 2 tph to Sevenoaks

During the peak hours, the service to London Blackfriars is extended to and from Welwyn Garden City via Finsbury Park.

title: Bat & Ball railway station


text: User talk:203.167.171.200

title: User talk:203.167.171.200


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Diocese of Hamar

The Diocese of Hamar (Hamar Bispedømme) is a diocese within the Church of Norway. The Diocese of Hamar includes all of the churches in Innlandet county plus the churches in Lunner in Viken county. Administratively, the diocese is divided into 10 deaneries and 164 parishes in the diocese. The seat of the Diocese of Hamar is located at the Hamar Cathedral (Hamar domkirke) in the city of Hamar.

History
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Hamar was formed in the year 1152 when it was separated from the Roman Catholic Diocese of Christiania. At the time of the Protestant Reformation in Norway in 1536, the archbishop and the bishops were removed and the Diocese of Hamar once again came under the Diocese of Christiania within the new Lutheran Church of Norway. Mogens Lauritsson was the last Roman Catholic bishop of the Ancient Diocese of Hamar.

In 1864, the Lutheran Diocese of Hamar was established when it was separated from the Diocese of Christiania. Halvor Olsen Folkestad was the first bishop of this new Diocese of Hamar. Hamar Cathedral was consecrated on 15 December 1866 and it was established as the seat of the new Diocese of Hamar. On 1 January 2022, the churches in Jevnaker municipality were transferred to the Ringsaker prosti in the Diocese of Tunsberg.

Structure
The Diocese of Hamar is divided into ten deaneries (Prosti) spread out over Innlandet and Viken counties. Each deanery corresponds a geographical area, usually one or more municipalities within the diocese. Each municipality is further divided into one or more parishes which each contain one or more congregations.

List of bishops
The following bishops have led the diocese since its creation in 1864:
 * 1864–1887: Halvor Olsen Folkestad
 * 1887–1906: Arnoldus Hille
 * 1906–1917: Christen Brun
 * 1917–1918: Otto Jensen
 * 1918–1922: Gustav Johan Fredrik Dietrichson
 * 1922–1934: Mikkel Bjønness-Jacobsen
 * 1934–1942: Henrik Hille
 * 1942–1943: Georg Falck-Hansen (appointed by Nasjonal Samling)
 * 1943–1945: Sigurd Haga (appointed by Nasjonal Samling)
 * 1945–1947: Henrik Hille
 * 1947–1964: Kristian Schjelderup
 * 1964–1974: Alexander Johnson
 * 1974–1993: Georg Hille
 * 1993–2006: Rosemarie Köhn
 * 2006–2023: Solveig Fiske
 * 2023-present: Ole Kristian Bonden

title: Diocese of Hamar


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Rosemarie Köhn

Rosemarie Köhn (20 October 1939 – 30 October 2022) was a bishop of the Church of Norway, holding that position in the Diocese of Hamar from 20 May 1993 to 1 November 2006.

Biography
Köhn was born to a German father and Norwegian mother and immigrated to Norway in 1946. She graduated from the University of Oslo with a degree in theology (candidata theologiæ) in 1966. Köhn worked as an assistant professor in Biblical Theology at the University of Oslo from 1976 to 1989, and principal of the Practical-Theological Seminary from 1989 to 1993.

In 1993, she was appointed bishop of the Diocese of Hamar, making her the first woman to hold the position of bishop in the Church of Norway. She stepped down from office on 1 November 2006 and was succeeded by Solveig Fiske. In 2004, in recognition of her work for the church, she was appointed a Commander of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav by King Harald V.

Köhn was married to Susanne Sønderbo. Köhn died after a long-term illness on 30 October 2022, at the age of 83.

title: Rosemarie Köhn


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Bumper music

Bumper music, also known as a bump, is a term used in the radio broadcasting industry. It refers to short clips of signature songs or theme music that are used to transition between different elements of a program. These clips typically last no longer than fifteen seconds. Bumper music is also played at music venues, such as concerts, before the show begins. Its purpose is to create a musical atmosphere and fill the air.

In radio, bumper music is commonly used when a syndicated program takes a break for local station identification or when it goes to a radio advertisement. In today's radio landscape, it is often referred to as a "bump," and NPR uses the term "button" as well. When the bumper music marks the end of a local break on a radio network, it is sometimes called "rejoiner music."

title: Bumper music


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Otford railway station

Otford railway station serves Otford in Kent. It is 24 mi down the line from London Victoria. Train services are provided by Southeastern and Thameslink.

History
The first station at Otford opened on 1 June 1874. It was located at the point where the lines to Bat & Ball and Maidstone diverge. It was purely an exchange station, with no access for the villagers of Otford. The station closed on 1 November 1880. The current Otford station opened on 1 August 1882. It was renamed Otford Junction in 1904, reverting to its original name on 7 July 1929. The station had two through platforms and a bay platform, which was used by shuttle trains to Sevenoaks (Tubs Hill). The yard had two sidings, one of which served a goods shed. Freight facilities were withdrawn on 7 May 1962.

Services
Services at Otford are operated by Thameslink and Southeastern using, and  EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 1 tph to London Victoria
 * 1 tph to London Charing Cross
 * 2 tph to London Blackfriars via Catford
 * 2 tph to Sevenoaks
 * 1 tph to Maidstone East (semi-fast)
 * 1 tph to Ashford International (all stations)

Additional services call at the station during the peak hours. In addition, the service to London Blackfriars is extended to and from Welwyn Garden City via Finsbury Park.

On Sundays, the services between London Charing Cross and Maidstone East do not run.

title: Otford railway station


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Marjacq

The Marjacq knife is a folding knife made at Thiers in France. The blade is of stainless steel and the handle is of boxwood, olive-wood or ebony, and there is a locking-ring to hold the blade in position, similar to that found on Opinel knives.

title: Marjacq


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Honeyz

The Honeyz are a British R&B girl group, currently composed of members Célena Cherry, Mariama Goodman and Heavenli Abdi. The group had five UK top 10 hits between 1998 and 2000, with "Finally Found" (1998), "End of the Line" (1998), "Love of a Lifetime" (1999), "Never Let You Down" (1999) and "Won't Take It Lying Down" (2000). Their debut album Wonder No.8 was certified Gold by the BPI. The Honeyz formed in 1997 with the original line-up of Célena Cherry, Heavenli Abdi and Naima Belkhiati. Former Solid Harmonie member Mariama Goodman replaced Abdi from April 1999 until Abdi rejoined the group in August 2000, before the group disbanded for the first time in 2003.

The original line-up briefly reformed to appear on the ITV show Hit Me, Baby, One More Time in 2005, before the group returned officially in 2006 for a tour. Despite the 2005 appearance, Belkhiati did not want to return because she was focused on an acting career and was replaced by Cherry's sister, Candace, as a performing member. Abdi left the band for the second time in August 2006 and was once again replaced by Goodman. They performed together on tour until 2010.

Cherry, Abdi and Goodman re-formed for the 2013 ITV reality show The Big Reunion, marking the first time Abdi and Goodman appeared in the same line-up. The show first aired in January 2013 and followed six bands meeting for the first time since they split, and rehearsing for a comeback performance at the Hammersmith Apollo. They went on to perform in the successful 14-date Big Reunion arena tour in May 2013. Abdi once again left the group in 2014 and the group continued gigging as a duo until Abdi's return in 2023.

1997–2000: Formation, Wonder No.8 and Abdi's first departure
Célena Cherry met French-born Naima Belkhiati whilst the former was singing Disney songs in Paris, and they decided to form a music duo. When they went back to London, they met Heavenli Abdi, who was signed to First Avenue management and became a trio, before signing to Mercury Records under the name Essence. The duo were hailed as an R&B alternative to the Spice Girls and intended as a direct rival to American girl group Destiny's Child. According to Abdi, "We felt that there was a place for a younger, vibey kind of 'pop R&B' group. We were looking at En Vogue as someone that we would like to aspire to." Cherry admitted that Essence was "an OK name, but it wasn't really hitting it". One night, when Abdi and Cherry were departing from the nightclub Subterranea, a man exclaimed at them, "Mm mm, check out those honeys over there!", thus inspiring the group's new name. During the group's reunion in 2013 on The Big Reunion, Abdi remarked her disappointment at Belkhiati joining the group upon discovering that she was not a particularly good singer, as management prioritised looks over Abdi's and Cherry's ambitions of producing a three-part vocal harmony, and cast Cherry as the lead singer.

Their debut single and most popular hit "Finally Found", released in August 1998, peaked at number four in the UK Singles Chart, introducing the trio to the public and selling over 350,000 copies. The follow-up "End of the Line" notched up similar sales figures, peaking at number five. Their debut album Wonder No.8 went gold in the UK with sales of over 200,000 copies. Aside from their success in the United Kingdom, they performed with a full live orchestra in the Netherlands and 8,000 people at ChildLine in Dublin, duetted with Lionel Richie in Italy, and saw their first two singles, "Finally Found" and "End of the Line", go 2× platinum in Australia. In the United States, they signed to Def Jam/Island. The group ended up being featured on the French release of Foxy Brown's single "J.O.B." from her second album Chyna Doll, and they also worked with producer Stevie J (Toni Braxton, Deborah Cox, Puff Daddy).

Between the video shoot for the group's third single "Love of a Lifetime" in New York and their second promotional trip to Australia in March 1999, Belkhiati and Cherry heard that Abdi had decided to quit the group for personal reasons, including newly creative differences with Cherry, homesickness, unhappiness with touring internationally, and wanting to start a solo career and spend more time with her boyfriend, Matthew Marsden. Belkhiati remarked: "Of course, it was a big shock. But we respect her decision, and we wish her a lot of luck in whatever she decides to do." As a result of Adbi's sudden departure, the group lost their US deal with Def Jam, but Abdi's departure opened an opportunity for former Solid HarmoniE vocalist Mariama Goodman to join. Her arrival was announced exclusively on BBC One's Live & Kicking on 10 April 1999. The new line-up continued promotion for "Love of a Lifetime" which reached number 9 in the UK charts, and performed over the summer of 1999, at venues including London's Mardi Gras and Capital Radio's Party in the Park concert in Hyde Park in July. At the radio extravaganza, performing in front of 100,000 people, the Honeyz sang their hits "Finally Found" and "End of the Line", before duetting with Another Level on the Help A London Child single "Holding Back the Years". This was followed later in the month by a performance at the 'Wicked Women' concert in Hyde Park, in aid of Breast Cancer Research. In September, the Honeyz supported Five at London's Brixton Academy and Manchester Apollo, in special one-off events organised in conjunction with Cadburys and MTV.

October 1999 saw the release of their fourth single, "Never Let You Down", a new track recorded for inclusion on a repackaged version of Wonder No.8, and the first single to feature Goodman's vocals. The single entered into the UK Singles Chart at number 7, making it a fourth consecutive top 10 hit for the group.

Honeyz performed another newly recorded album track, "Won't Take It Lying Down", at the prestigious MOBO Awards, held on 6 October 1999 in the Royal Albert Hall, where they had picked up two nominations in the 'Best Newcomer' and 'Best R&B Act' categories. "Won't Take It Lying Down" went on to be released at the end of February 2000, reaching number 7. It became the last top 10 single the Honeyz would achieve. At the 2000 Maxim awards, they picked up the award for The Best British Girl Band, beating the Spice Girls, Hepburn, Thunderbugs and Eternal to the title. They were also nominated for Best British Breakthrough Act at the 2000 Brit Awards.

2000–2003: Abdi's return, canceled album and split
By the summer of 2000, a new song had been recorded, which was confirmed as not only the first single to be taken from a planned forthcoming new album but also a chosen single from the Nutty Professor II: The Klumps original soundtrack, with the Honeyz featuring on the UK version alongside Sisqó and Janet Jackson. The single was called "Not Even Gonna Trip" and was initially scheduled for release in late September 2000.

It was during the run-up to the single release, in August, that Goodman announced her departure from Honeyz, due to constant clashing with Belkhiati. As Cherry and Belkhiati were faced with an uncertain future, their management decided to bring Abdi back into the group. During the group's 2013 reunion, it was revealed that this occurred against the wishes of Abdi, Cherry and Belkhiati, and the group was threatened with being dropped by their management if they did not agree to the decision. Abdi's vocals for the new single "Not Even Gonna Trip" was recorded and the official announcement of the renewed line-up was made on ITV's flagship children's programs SMTV Live and CD:UK, on Saturday 19 August 2000, along with a performance of "Finally Found", poignant in that it was the first-ever performance by a band on CD:UK on its launch almost two years earlier to the day, on 20 August 1998. "Not Even Gonna Trip" failed to reach the top 20 by the time it was released in late October, peaking at number 24. After this, the group worked hard on their second album, Harmony.

Almost a year after Abdi's return, the group released a new single "I Don't Know" on 5 August 2001, but with minimal exposure and promotion, the track did not chart as high as their previous single, stalling at number 28.

The group released another single – a song titled "Talk to the Hand" – in November 2001. A video was filmed and was played on major channels such as MTV Hits. However, Mercury decided to simply drop the group, canceling the release of Harmony as a result. Following this and a departure from their management, the group would perform independently until splitting in late 2003.

2005–2010: First reunion
In January 2005, the original line-up made a special appearance on the ITV singing contest Hit Me, Baby, One More Time, performing their debut single "Finally Found" and a cover of Nickelback's hit "How You Remind Me". The group returned officially in 2006 for a tour. Despite the appearance in 2005, Belkhiati did not want to return because she was focused on an acting career and was replaced by Cherry's sister, Candace. Abdi left the band for the second time in August 2006 and was once again replaced by Goodman. They performed together on tour until 2010.

2012–2015: Second reunion
Despite Cherry insisting that there was "zero" chance of Honeyz ever getting back together, it was confirmed in October 2012 that Honeyz, along with Atomic Kitten, Liberty X, B*Witched, Five and 911, would be reuniting for the ITV2 reality-documentary series The Big Reunion on ITV2 at some time in 2013. Although Belkhiati was in the original line-up and was with the group throughout their musical career, she decided not to take part in the re-formation in order to focus on her solo career, so Cherry contacted both Abdi and Goodman via management to form a new line-up with them, marking the first time both women would work together in the same line-up. The series, which began airing on 31 January 2013, followed the groups rehearsing for two weeks ahead of one major comeback performance at the London Hammersmith Apollo on 26 February 2013.

The Honeyz episode aired on 14 February 2013, in which Cherry, Abdi and Goodman discussed their time in the group and the reasons for the line-up changes. The episode ended with an emotional reunion between Abdi and Cherry, who had not spoken together since Abdi left the group for the second time in 2006. However, elements of The Big Reunion were largely scripted for dramatic effects, and on 16 February 2013, Abdi herself discussed the way the Honeyz' storylines were portrayed on the show on her Twitter page: "Adaptations of the truth... some actual, some factual, others spun into villain/victim stories for TV drama! #BigReunion amusing!"

The bands were originally only supposed to perform a one-off concert at London's Hammersmith Apollo on 26 February 2013, but when the entire show sold out in under five minutes shortly after the premiere of the first episode on 31 January 2013, rumors circulated that producers of the show were planning to tour the concert around the UK. On 11 February, it was confirmed that due to high demands for tickets and the popularity of the show, a full 12-date tour around the country would be taking place from 3–12 May 2013. Two further dates in Ireland and Northern Ireland were later added as well. On 27 March 2013 it was announced that the bands would perform a mini Christmas tour in December 2013.

Following an interview with The Vault in March 2013, the group confirmed that they were planning to record new material in the near future. During the arena tour, Honeyz revealed a new song, "Price You Pay", which they say they hope to release in Autumn 2013.

On 16 September 2013, Honeyz attended the 2013 National Reality Television Awards, where The Big Reunion was up for several awards. On 7 February 2014, they posted on their Facebook page that they were "Putting pen to paper and writing some great songs..." On 31 July the group announced that Abdi decided to quit the band for the third time, leaving Cherry and Goodman to continue as a duo.

On 20 November 2015, Honeyz released "Definitely Something", their first single in 14 years and first release as a duo.

2018–present: TV appearances
In 2018, Cherry auditioned for the twelfth series of Britain's Got Talent with her husband, Danny; their audition was shown on spin-off show Britain's Got More Talent. Judge Alesha Dixon, who was a member of fellow girl group Mis-Teeq, recognised her. When asked by Simon Cowell to tell the judges about themselves, Cherry said "I used to be in a girl group called the Honeyz", implying that the group had disbanded. However, in summer 2018, Cherry and Goodman resumed performing at UK gigs as Honeyz.

In January 2022, the duo appeared on series 7 of E4's Celebrity Coach Trip, joining fellow celebrity travellers in Portugal like Matt Richardson, Honey G, Paul Danan, Ginny Lemon and Birds of a Feather stars Linda Robson and Lesley Joseph. The duo were the first couple to be voted off the coach, receiving the red card and leaving in episode 5 after spending the day in Porto and Figueira da Foz.

On 3 September 2022, the duo appeared as a team on BBC's quiz show Pointless Celebrities, competing against other teams composed of fellow celebrity musicians.

On 17 August 2023, former member Abdi announced that she had rejoined the group ahead of the group's 25th anniversary via her personal Instagram account. On 24 August 2023, when asked during an Instagram live stream about why former member Belkhiati did not rejoin the group for the 25th anniversary, Cherry explained that she had unsuccessfully asked Belkhiati to rejoin the group many times, but said that the door would always be open for her to rejoin.

Current members

 * Célena Cherry was born on 26 April 1977 in Hammersmith, London. She is an English singer and the lead singer of the Honeyz. Cherry teamed up with her cousin Alani (former Kleshay singer) to form Anotherside. They released one single together, "This Is Your Night", through V2 Records. In 2005 Cherry released her first solo album, Celena Cherry, through her official website. Cherry has also pursued an acting career, appearing in the soap operas Hollyoaks and Doctors.
 * Mariama Goodman was born on 26 October 1977 and is an English dancer and singer who has been a member of the bands Solid Harmonie and the Honeyz. Goodman began her pop career in 1996 signed to Jive Records in the United States with Solid Harmonie. In 1999, Goodman left Solid Harmonie, returned to the UK and was invited to join the Honeyz alongside Celena Cherry and Naima Belkhiati; former member Heavenli Abdi had left the Honeyz after two singles. Goodman announced her departure from the Honeyz in August 2000. She reunited with the Honeyz for The Big Reunion documentary on ITV2 in 2013. Goodman is a trained midwife and works as a community midwife in the National Health Service.  Goodman has one daughter and married actor Andrew-Lee Potts on 20 August 2014.
 * Heavenli Roberts (formerly known as Abdi and Denton ) was born on 10 November 1974 in Paddington, London, England. She was an original member of the Honeyz, along with Celena Cherry and Naima Belkhiati, but left after the first two singles. She has since rejoined the group on several occasions, and most recently left the group a third time in summer 2014. She holds a BA honours degree in ceramic design from Central Saint Martins. Now divorced and known as Heavenli Roberts, she is co-director and co-owner of the Algarve International School, a columnist for Algarve Lifestyle Magazine and sings with the Algarve Jazz Orchestra on occasion. She is also a qualified aerobics instructor and used to run a children choir in the Algarve – the Algarve Juniors. Algarve, Portugal. She also used to date Peter Andre and Matthew Marsden. She has four children, Daisy-Mae, Jayden, Honey and Zachary.

Past members

 * Naima Belkhiati was born on 4 December 1973 in Avignon, Vaucluse, France. She was an original member of the Honeyz, along with Celena Cherry and Heavenli Denton. After the group split up, Belkhiati appeared in two motion picture films that were released in 2006, Alien Autopsy and Heroes and Villains.

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Wonder No.8 (1998)

Tours

 * Headlining
 * Wonder No.8 Tour (1998–1999)

 * Co-headlining
 * Smash Hits Tour (with various artists) (2000)
 * The Big Reunion Tour (with The Big Reunion cast) (2013)
 * 90s Pop Baby Tour (with various artists) (2022)

title: Honeyz