text:
Bizaar

Bizaar is the sixth studio album by the American hip hop group Insane Clown Posse. Released on October 31, 2000, by Island Records in association with Psychopathic Records, it is the first half of the Bizaar Bizzar double album, released the same day as its companion album, Bizzar. It is the 14th overall release by Insane Clown Posse.

Release and reception
On the August 20, 1999, episode of The Howard Stern Show, Insane Clown Posse clashed with fellow guest Sharon Osbourne, and she bet Violent J $50,000 that ICP's next album would not sell more than 200,000 copies, and that it would be subsequently dropped from its distributor. Violent J then increased the bet, predicting that the group's next album would sell at least 500,000 units.

Bizaar and Bizzar combined to sell 400,000 units, which fell short of Violent J's prediction, but exceeded Sharon Osbourne's expectations. Following the release of the albums, Insane Clown Posse left Island Records after its contract expired because, according to the group, they did not want to release its sixth Joker's Card through Island Records.

Both Bizaar and Bizzar received three-out-of-five-star ratings in The New Rolling Stone Album Guide, the highest rating that the magazine ever gave to any Insane Clown Posse album.

"Tilt-a-Whirl" was ranked by VH1 as one of the 40 Most Awesomely Bad Metal Songs...Ever.

The song "Still Stabbin'" is a sequel to "I Stab People".

Track listing

 * 1) "Intro" – 2:07
 * 2) "Take Me Away" – 4:39
 * 3) "Fearless" – 4:14
 * 4) "Rainbows and Stuff" – 4:11
 * 5) "Whut?" (featuring Twiztid) – 4:55
 * 6) "Still Stabbin'" – 4:03
 * 7) "Tilt-A-Whirl" – 3:58
 * 8) "We Gives No Fuck" – 3:39
 * 9) "Please Don't Hate Me" – 4:18
 * 10) "Behind the Paint" – 4:33
 * 11) "My Homie Baby Mama" – 4:09
 * 12) "The Pendulum's Promise" – 21:25

title: Bizaar


text:
BrainPop

BrainPop (stylized as BrainPOP) is a group of educational websites based in New York City. It hosts over 1,000 short animated movies for students in grades K–8 (ages 5 to 14), together with quizzes and related materials, covering the subjects of science, social studies, English, math, engineering and technology, health, arts and music. In 2022, Kirkbi A/S, the private investment and holding company that owns a controlling stake in Lego, acquired BrainPop.

BrainPop is used in schools and by homeschoolers in the US and several other countries, where it offers videos in local languages that are designed for students in those countries. The site is available by subscription but has some free content, including a movie of the day, several movies from each topic area, educators' materials, and games. Its content can also be accessed using its smartphone and tablet applications.

Most of the videos feature the characters Tim and Moby. The videos and other materials are aligned to state education standards and designed to engage students and assist teachers and homeschoolers. In addition to BrainPop.com for older children, the company offers BrainPop Jr. for younger children (grades K-3); BrainPop Español; BrainPop Français; BrainPop ELL for non-native speakers learning English; BrainPop Educators, a free site for teachers and parents to post materials like lesson plans, and interact with BrainPop and each other; GameUp, a library of educational games; and My BrainPop, a tool for students and teachers to record learning accomplishments.

Company history
BrainPop was founded in 1999 by Avraham Kadar, M.D., an immunologist and pediatrician, to explain medical concepts to his young patients using animation, and co-founded by Chanan Kadmon, who served as the company's president, acting CEO and an executive producer, leaving BrainPop in 2003. The BrainPop websites display animated, curriculum-based content that supports educators and are intended to be fun and motivational for students to watch. The sites' movies cover the subjects of science, social studies, English, mathematics, engineering & technology, health, and arts and music. The sites also access educational games. As of 2022, BrainPop is used in two thirds of U.S. school districts and in many schools outside the U.S., as well as by parents, homeschoolers and others. Kadar served as CEO from BrainPop's founding until 2019, when Scott Kirkpatrick was named CEO. As of 2011, BrainPop hosted more than 11 million unique visits each month. BrainPop uses an in-house team of educators, animators and writers to produce and continually update the sites, incorporating teacher and parent input.

The site's resources include BrainPop.com, for grades 3–8 and up (ages 9 and up) and BrainPop Jr., for grades K-3 (ages 5 to 9). The sites also offer movies in several languages for regional markets aligned to local educational standards. The site's interactive resource for teachers and homeschoolers, BrainPop Educators, features tips, tools and best practices by and for educators. My BrainPop is a tool for students and teachers to record learning accomplishments, and teachers can track students' progress. In 2009, BrainPop introduced BrainPop ELL (originally called BrainPop ESL), targeted at students learning English as a second language. Schools and parents can use the site to help shape the student's curriculum. BrainPop's free GameUp website contains online games from third-party game publishers that coordinate with the BrainPop, BrainPop Jr. and BrainPop ELL curricula.

BrainPop movies may be used to introduce a new lesson or topic, for illustrating complex subject matter concisely, or to review before a test. Content is aligned to USA state education standards and is searchable by topic or state standard. In addition to movies, the site displays quizzes, educational games, experiments and other related content that students can use interactively to reinforce the lessons in the movies. BrainPop products are compatible with PCs, Macs, projectors and interactive whiteboards, as well as applications for tablets and smart phones. No downloading, installation or special hardware is required. The movies feature recurring characters such as the robot Moby, Tim (a teenager, at BrainPop) and Annie (a younger girl, at BrainPop Jr.). Most of the movies begin with the characters responding to correspondence and end humorously, often with Tim getting annoyed at Moby or vice versa.

After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, BrainPOP offered free access to the site to affected families, teachers and schools.

On October 11, 2022, Kirkbi A/S, the private investment and holding company that owns a controlling stake in Lego, acquired BrainPOP for $875 million. Kirkpatrick was expected to continue to act as BrainPOP's CEO, and Kadar to remain on the board of directors, with the same team expected to continue to operate BrainPop independently.

Reputation
"BrainPOP has built a reputation for quality, thoughtfulness, and robust support for teachers". BrainPop and its products have earned numerous awards and recognition from Common Sense Media, Association of Educational Publishers, District Administration magazine, Forbes magazine, Association for Library Service to Children, Association of Educational Publishers, Digital Innovation in Learning Awards, Tech & Learning Magazine, the KAPi Awards, the CODiE Awards, Apps for Homeschooling, International Serious Play Awards, Learning Magazine, EdNet's Best, Teacher's Choice Awards, eSchool News, Homeschool.com, Apple Education, the Interactive Media Awards, Teachers With Apps and Distinguished Achievement Awards, Media & Methods. A 2009 multi-grade study by SEG research, entitled "A Study of the Effectiveness of BrainPop", involved over 1,000 students in schools in Palm Beach County, Florida and New York City. The BrainPop-financed study concluded, "Students in classes using BrainPop made significant improvements compared to students in classes not using BrainPop."

Reviews for the websites and movies have been favorable. A review in Common Sense Media commented: "BrainPOP is a standard-bearer for quality, self-directed online educational content. … A year's subscription is worth it because there's at least a year's worth of content for a kid to explore on BrainPOP." A homeschooler wrote in Curriculum Choice: "The videos are very funny, plus they explain information in a way that is easy for kids to understand and remember. … [The quizzes are] a quick and easy way for me to see whether [the students] really grasped the material." A review in The Reading Matrix stated:
 * These presentations provide meaningful, standard-driven instruction and assessment [due] to the exceptional quality. … One of the best features that teachers like about BrainPop is its ease of use. … [T]he layout, webinars, and free tutorials make navigating through the tremendous amount of information a cinch. …  [A] State Standards Tool … allows educators to search their state standards in order to fit different activities with appropriate standards. …  [The] interactive characters … help explain concepts, design experiments, and show students how to acquire a particular skill or use the information given. …  Tim and Moby have personalities of their own and are relatable, trustworthy friends to their viewers. … [the] site allows students to teach themselves.

Schools recommend the product. A teacher wrote to eSchool News, "This product has made my students excited to take the quiz after the video. How many teachers can say that about their students?" Praising a BrainPop video about Ada Lovelace, Wired magazine wrote, "After reading more about her life and her work, I still feel it is best summarized by BrainPop’s Ada Lovelace video, which is designed for kids." Another reviewer felt that a good feature of BrainPop's movies is their brevity: "just enough to capture and engage children." After budgetary cuts caused the cancellation of a Michigan school's subscription to BrainPop in 2014, teachers raised money from students to bring it back in 2015.

The educational site connexions.org wrote: "I recommend this site to teachers who want to inform and entertain their students. The videos are a unique educational tool with loveable [sic] characters. … BrainPop will not only enliven the classroom, but the site is dependable with lessons following state and grade-level standards." Teach Magazine noted, "Tim and Moby … illustrate often difficult concepts in a fun format uniquely suited for the 21st-century learner." In 2011, Canada's TEACH Magazine wrote that the movies are presented "in a fun format uniquely suited for the 21st-century learner. … BrainPop movies are ideal for both group and one-on-one settings and can be used to introduce new lessons or topics or to illustrate complex themes as review before a test. In 2015, Yahoo! Tech selected BrainPop for its list of "Eleven Great Digital Homework Helpers for Your Kids", and SheKnows Media listed it among its top educational sites for kids.

In 2010, The New York Times wrote of the company's free smartphone and tablet application: "BrainPop is a worthy app, featuring a new brief educational cartoon every day. The cartoon is followed by a quick quiz that will at times challenge even a grown-up." The Epoch Times featured the application as its "iPhone App of the Week" and called the movies "usually funny, if somewhat corny, and always engaging". Explore Knowledge Academy, the first public charter i-school in Nevada, has recommended BrainPop's phone and tablet application, as has ChannelproSMB, Family Circle, Common Sense Media Cool mother Tech and The Educator's Room. ADDitude Magazine selected the app as one of three apps to "sharpen reading skills".

BrainPop characters
Tim and Moby are the main characters in most BrainPop movies.

Tim
Tim is a teenager and does most of the talking in, and narrates, the movies. He understands what Moby says. The design on his shirt usually matches the topic being covered. At the beginning of each video, Tim reads a letter from a student asking about the topic. Often at the end of the movies, Moby will humorously annoy Tim, or vice versa.

Moby
Moby is an orange humanoid robot who communicates in beeping noises. The three lights on his chest light up when he beeps, and Tim usually translates what he's saying. Moby is Tim's friend but loves to annoy him. Moby helps out by fetching things for Tim and asking questions about the topic they are discussing. As a robot, he can do things that people are unable to do, such as changing his hand into a freeze-ray, sending himself back in time, removing his head, and using lasers. Some of the movies, such as the Earth, Radar and Milky Way videos, imply that Moby is of an extraterrestrial origin. However, the Leonardo da Vinci movie implies that he was invented by Leonardo.

Other characters
Cassie and Rita are two teenage girls who are mainly featured in comics that accompany many of the movies in the "FYI" section. They also occasionally appear in the main movies and even narrate a few of them. Like Moby, Cassie enjoys annoying Tim, while some of the movies imply that Rita has a romantic interest in Tim and that he returns her feelings.

Bob is a rat with a broken tail and a patched chest. He is featured in, and often conducts, experiments called "Experiments with Bob the Ex-Lab Rat", which relate to mostly science movies.

Gary and gary are a father and son featured in comics called "How To With Gary and gary", which show how to do something safely. The capitalized "Gary" is the father, and the lowercase "gary" is the son.

BrainPop Jr.
BrainPop Jr. was launched on September 4, 2006. It is similar to BrainPop in subject areas, but the movies are geared towards grades K-3 (age 5–9). The hosts are Moby and a little girl named Annie. Like the regular BrainPop, the site offers a free "Movie of the Week", as well as several free movies in the different curricular areas. Common Sense Media called "BrainPop Jr. "a high-quality educational site that kids can navigate easily on their own. This interactive site includes videos, audio prompts, and graphics familiar to kids in an ideal format for young learners. Kids can take their enjoyment of videos to the next, more effective, level and do something with what they've just watched online … [and explore] sub-categories, like the science and math sections. If your K-3 child likes to learn things online, this site is worth the subscription fee." Common Sense Media also praised the free movies' video quality and topic variety, and writing, "The videos cover a lot of ground but are easy to follow and fun to watch; they'll explain things slowly and deliberately and at a level that's appropriate for young elementary school kids [but] it will be largely up to parents to get kids engaged in further exploration of the material."

Characters in BrainPop Jr.
Annie is a young girl who narrates the movies. She wears red framed glasses and also works with Moby. She has a teenage sister named Mia. Annie is implied to be Hispanic; her dog's name is Señor Maurice, and she sometimes refers to her father as "Papi".

In BrainPop Jr., Moby shows his emotions more often, like crying or getting excited. Moby is more kind-hearted in BrainPop Jr. than in BrainPop. He can also do things that he can't do in the BrainPop videos, like sneeze, sweat, and drink water. He can also be sick and smell flowers.

Frank and Joey are two fish that star in the comic strip "Belly Up."

BrainPop Educators and BrainPop ELL
BrainPop Educators was introduced in 2008. It is an online community of 125,000 teachers, and parents who use BrainPop. This free site offers answer keys to activity pages, graphic organizers, professional development materials, posters, clipart and other resources for educators. It also allows educators to collaborate and share resources, such as lesson plans, organizers and activities for students. The site also offers video tutorials and webinars. My BrainPop, added in 2013, is a tool for students and teachers to record learning accomplishments from game play, activities, quizzes and other content.

BrainPop ELL (English as a second language) is a website launched in 2009 that displays animated videos providing grammar and vocabulary instruction and interactive exercises for non-native English speakers of all ages. Each video contains an animated story, an introduction to new vocabulary, and an illustration of relevant grammar topics. The narrator is a boy named Ben, who is accompanied by Moby the robot. The videos provide a series of increasingly challenging contextualized language and content exercises for English learners, starting with beginner levels and progressing to advanced levels. Students may select review activities, such as “Words, Words, Words”, a vocabulary exercise that uses flashcards and includes a pronunciation guide; "Hear it, Say it", to reinforce vocabulary and speaking; "Read it", for reading comprehension; and "Write it", for writing practice. There are also games and quizzes to review ideas from the videos. Internet-based websites have been shown to be useful tools to supplement in-class instruction for English language learners. Education Week recommends BrainPop ELL, writing that it "helps build background knowledge and concrete visual examples."

GameUp
In 2011, BrainPop launched its educational games site, GameUp, which contains a collection of free online games from third-party game publishers and BrainPop's designers that help teach a variety of subjects and coordinate with the BrainPop, BrainPop Jr. and BrainPop ELL curricula. BrainPop partners with developer organizations and community developers to continually expand and improve the site's content and align the games with academic standards. More than 100 games were featured on the site by 2014 based on the Common Core State Standards Initiative. GameUp aims to help teachers use educational games in the classroom to engage and motivate students. It is supported by BrainPop Educators.

New Media Consortium wrote: "GameUp features top online educational gaming titles as well as support and supplementary materials to educators. GameUp titles come from an impressive collection of organizations such as Nobelprize.org, iCivics, JASON Project, Mangahigh, and National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, to name a few." Edutopia, Education Week and The Wall Street Journal are among other sources that recommend GameUp. BrainPop "curates their games very carefully and considers a wide range of factors, from a game's curricular value to the length of experience appropriate for classroom use, and thoughtfully pairs games with supplemental lessons and materials that allow teachers to quickly and easily integrate the games into their classrooms."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: BrainPop


text:
Talk:Ted Woolsey

Untitled
A partial list of games Ted Woolsey is credited with can be found at:

http://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/view/developerId,40944/

Final Fantasy Legend III?
I seem to recall reading in an interview with Woolsey that his first project with Square was in fact Final Fantasy Legend III (aka SaGa III), the B&W Game Boy game.

Here we are; it's the Gamasutra article. http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/column_index.php?story=6361

69.70.158.197 17:14, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

Interview with Ted Woolsey
Please listen to this interview for information on the translation before insulting Ted Woolsey. Episode 16 (it's at the end of the episode). --Corilof 00:14, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

Mistranslations
It might be worth mentioning a few of Woolsey's mistranslations of katakana. I think the most notorious is the "Ultima Weapon" of FF6 becoming the "Atma Weapon". There's even a joke referring to this in FFX-2 (in Shinra's Database). I don't know if these mistranslations were accidental or because of space limitations though.

 * It's worth mentioning, but it should be done carefully, IMO. Mentioning the differences is valid, but without sources we shouldn't speculate on the reasons. – Seancdaug 04:43, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Vying for the most notorious bad FFVI translation is when "dinosaur" was translated as "frightful dragon" (which is what the Japanese word for "dinosaur" literally means). And don't forget that 1/144 ship which is really a 1/144 scale ship.  (Not sure if the number was 144 here) Ken Arromdee 04:25, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

I think a lot of names were purposely changed because, at the time, Final Fantasy wasn't mainstream yet, so they didn't really think they needed to preserve the cross-references. For example, "Soul of Thamasa" became "Gem Box" (and was subsequently mistranslated as "Samantha Soul" in FF8), "Three Stars" became "Economizer", and "Tonberry" became (ugh) "Pug". Still, given the times and the situation, I can understand why they translated FF6 the way they did. It's only in hindsight that people look at Woolsey and see him as a "bad" translator. In fact, I think few people realize the good work that Woolsey actually did. Viltris 19:36, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

 * There's a difference between a change and a mistake. Translating dinosaur as "frightful dragon" (particularly in a game where you're searching for dragons), or the 1/144 ship, are mistakes, not changes.  Atma Weapon was more than likely a mistake too--he just didn't recognize that its name was supposed to be something understandable in English. Ken Arromdee 13:37, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I actually can't remember "frightful dragon". Can somebody post a screen shot or a link to a script to remind me? Viltris 21:50, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I would rather hypotesize that Atma Weapon is an artifact of a 10 or 11 byte limit for the item name lengths. UltimaWeapon requires 12; it doesn't fit. --Bisqwit 12:57, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Then it would have been shortened to UltimaWeap, UltmWeapon, or Ult.Weapon. The only reason one would use "AtmaWeapon" is if he didn't realize that the original katakana meant "Ultima Weapon". 87.11.3.46 19:52, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

 * One of Woolsey's more famous mistakes was not recognizing Biggs Darklighter being the companion of Wedge Antilles in Final Fantasy 6 and Chrono Trigger. This was notorious enough that it was one of the few mistakes corrected in the PSX port of those games.  I feel that some of his random name changing affects repeated themes in the games, hiding the equivalence from English-speaking players.  For example, FF6 had Cait Sith, and Midgar's Orm, the snake near the chocobo farm in FF7.  Ted also made weird decisions, like in Breath of Fire 1 how Myria/Miria was arbitrary changed to Tyr even though that is a Norse god not goddess. -- Myria 05:06, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

Somebody might want to include the information included in this podcast at some point--among other things is an interview with Ted Woolsey.

Add maintenance category
Per Categories for discussion/Log/2007 March 21, Category:Missing middle or first names has been added to this talk page. — DomBot /  ChiDom  talk  09:13, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ted Woolsey


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Arthur L. Herman

Arthur L. Herman (born 1956) is an American popular historian. He is a senior fellow at Hudson Institute.

Biography
Born in a Jewish family, Herman's father Arthur L. Herman, a scholar of Sanskrit, was a professor of philosophy at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point.

Herman received his B.A. from the University of Minnesota and M.A. and Ph.D. in history from Johns Hopkins University. He spent a semester abroad at The University of Edinburgh in Scotland. His 1984 dissertation research dealt with the political thought of early-17th-century French Huguenots.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Herman taught at Sewanee: The University of the South, George Mason University, Georgetown and The Catholic University of America. He was the founder and coordinator of the Western Heritage Program in the Smithsonian's Campus on the Mall lecture series.

His 2001 book on the Scottish Enlightenment, How the Scots Invented the Modern World, was a New York Times bestseller.

In 2008, he added to his body of work Gandhi and Churchill: The Epic Rivalry that Destroyed an Empire and Forged Our Age, a finalist for the 2009 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction.

In 1987, Herman married Beth Marla Warshofsky. He lives in Washington, D.C.

Views
Herman generally employs the Great Man perspective in his work, which is 19th-century historical methodology attributing human events and their outcomes to the singular efforts of great men that has been refined and qualified by such modern thinkers as Sidney Hook.

He did not join the ranks of the so-called declinists after examining the works of Friedrich Nietzsche, Michel Foucault, Henry Adams, Brooks Adams, Oswald Spengler, and Arnold Toynbee, who expressed pessimism about the fate of the West, and remains cautiously optimistic about the future of the Western civilization.

He argues that after passing through the critical era of rapid geopolitical changes in the 20th century driven by an "ideological fervor to transform humanity and create a more perfect world order", the world finally entered in the 21st century into an era of relative stability "defined by the balance-of-power geopolitics."

Herman advocates embracing the U.S. history in its entirety, including the American Civil War, rather than sanitizing it after the fact: "America is a country where the process of conflict and reconciliation, combined with the passage of time, brings out and embeds the qualities that make the United States one people and one community."

Works

 * The Idea Of Decline In Western History, Free Press, 1997 ISBN 978-0684827919.
 * Joseph McCarthy: Reexamining the Life and Legacy of America's Most Hated Senator, Free Press, 1999 ISBN 978-0684836256.
 * How the Scots Invented the Modern World: The True Story of How Western Europe's Poorest Nation Created Our World and Everything in It, Three Rivers Press 2002 ISBN 978-0609809990.
 * To Rule the Waves: How the British Navy Shaped the Modern World, HarperCollins, 2004 ISBN 978-0060534240.
 * Gandhi and Churchill:The Epic Rivalry that Destroyed an Empire and Forged Our Age, Bantam, 2008 ISBN 978-0553804638.
 * Freedom's Forge: How American Business produced victory in World War II, 2012 ISBN 978-1400069644
 * The Viking Heart: How Scandinavians Conquered the World, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2021 ISBN 978-1328595904
 * The Viking Heart: How Scandinavians Conquered the World, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2021 ISBN 978-1328595904
 * The Viking Heart: How Scandinavians Conquered the World, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2021 ISBN 978-1328595904
 * The Viking Heart: How Scandinavians Conquered the World, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2021 ISBN 978-1328595904

title: Arthur L. Herman


text:
Talk:Railway gun

Use of the term "railgun"
"Railway guns" used to be shortened to "railguns" during WW II. I think that this should be mentioned that the word "railgun" used to be used for this type of weapon.

 * You're right. I've found a few references that explicitly use the term "railgun" to describe these types of artilary cannons . I've also heard the term "railgun" used on the History Channel before. I'll put this historical info in the article. --EisenKnoechel 05:10, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * In-period, they were always "railguns". Modern custom is to call them railway guns, basically because people who are historically ignorant like to call various implementations of induction coil cannons, and Lorentz force cannons, "railguns". The Lorentz cannon that the U.S. Navy is calling rail-guns these days was historically called an "electric gun", and it was so named by the inventor in 1918.

Fired in Anger?
the massive Schwerer Gustav 800 mm gun, the largest artillery gun to be fired in anger

I understand that this is to distinguish it from other large artillery that may have only been used for testing or experimental purposes, but that just sounds weird. Perhaps a better wording would be fired in combat? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.52.122.167 (talk) 20:01, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

"Fired in anger" is slightly old-fashioned, yet it is still a common term for "used in combat" Catsmeat (talk) 12:51, 8 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I agree FangoFuficius (talk) 06:07, 27 April 2023 (UTC)

Boer War use
"the United Kingdom mounted a few 6 in (150 mm) guns on railway cars during the First Boer War" : shouldn't this read Second Boer War ? Rcbutcher (talk) 03:37, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
 * By George, I bet you're right! Sturmvogel 66 (talk) 00:35, 12 April 2009 (UTC)

The 12" Dahlgren Railway Gun
Ref the link to the Dahlgren gun. The sign on the Dahlgren gun is somewhat faded but I think I was able to transcribe the exact wording below:

Army 12"/35 Gun (Model of 1895) Built at Watervliet Arsenal N.Y. about 1900. A railway mount (Model of 1918) was built in the Marion Steam Shovel Co., Marion, Ohio 1920. It's the oldest remaining 12" gun mount on railway and still in firing condition. It was used as a primary coast defense weapon through the 1920's. In 1942 the Navy acquired it from Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. It was then used for the ballistic test of bombs and various proof and test exercises. FortWiki (talk) 15:57, 30 July 2009 (UTC)

United Kingdom
I saw a large gun on a railway carriage at a MOD base on Salisbury Plain in 2010 - unable to photograph it or get close to it, and I can't tell you exactly where I saw it, and nobody at the base would talk about it - but it was in the open, not hidden - so perhaps there is another survivor Offbeam (talk) 22:31, 14 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Could be this one - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BL_18_inch_railway_howitzer - shows that the official secrets act is of little use. I think it can be seen using Google Earth on a car park. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Offbeam (talk • contribs) 22:39, 14 March 2012 (UTC)

Australia
I'm sure I've seen one of these guns at the War Museum in Canberra (the capital FYI). Can anyone else verify this, either with an official source or pics? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Deman Risu (talk • contribs) 10:24, 8 October 2009 (UTC)
 * The barrel of the Amiens Gun, a 28 cm Bruno to the Germans, and its gunhouse, but not the railway wagon, is on display at the AWM. Rod. Rcbutcher (talk) 13:47, 8 October 2009 (UTC)

Recoil systems
The part about recoil systems isn't really clear to me. What exactly is the difference between the cradle system and the top-carriage system? They both involve the gun mount recoiling on top of a fixed base. Is the difference that the cradle system's mount simply slides, while the top-carriage system mount rolls on small wheels? Doesn't really seem like a fundamental difference to me. And why should the top carriage system be less able to absorb vertical recoil than the cradle system? They both involve the gun mount recoiling along the top of the car chassis.

The accompanying diagram also isn't totally clear. The text says the top-carriage rolls on wheels, but I can't tell what I'm looking at: is it showing the entire unit, with the mount recoiling on wheels that are so small they can't be included in the image, or is it showing the top carriage alone, and the large wheels are the ones that the mount recoils on? I assume the former, but I couldn't swear on it.

I also wouldn't have understood the description of the sliding recoil system if there hadn't been a photograph alongside to look at. Wouldn't it be more accurate to say the gun was jacked up, rather than saying that the sliders were "jacked down"? Because you're basically jacking the gun up; it doesn't actually leave the ground, but you're taking the weight off of it. The words "Sliding recoil has the car body sitting on a set of wooden crossbeams or "sleepers" placed underneath it which have been jacked down on to a special set of girders incorporated into the track so that about half the weight of the mount has been transferred to them from the trucks" sounds to me like its saying that the crossbeams are something that is fixed to the ground, which the railcar rest upon, like a foundation. By careful reading, you catch that phrase "jacked down onto...girders", which suggests that it's actually saying something else. But I never would have gotten it without the photograph to help out. AnnaGoFast (talk) 06:10, 9 January 2016 (UTC)

Didn't see mention of the Paris Gun used by Germans in WW I
Didnt see perhaps missed it in article of the Paris Gun. Used by Germans in First World War to bombard Paris from 90 or so miles away!Stabbingdagger (talk) 17:48, 1 February 2017 (UTC)

Seriously missing subjects
Seriously missing in this article: I. The large railroad guns used to bombard the American and British troops in the static beachhead during the long Battle of Anzio, south of Rome, Italy, during 1944. One kind of the Krupp K5 was specifically called Anzio Annie. Take a look. The Allied commanders of the amphibious landing allowed their troops to hemmed in by the Wehrmacht, and then the Wehrmacht brought down heavy railguns like the Krupp K5 from Nazi Germany to bombard them relentlessly. The Allied troops only survived because of the heavy used of sea power and airpower. Numerous Allied warships offshore fired back at the Germans, and USAAF and Royal Air Force warplanes bombarded the Germans inland. At least one Krupp K5 was specifically captured in the Anzio area by the U.S. Army (read about it), and it was shipped back to Maryland as a war prize. It is still on display at the Aberdeen Proving Ground. 47.215.183.159 (talk) 01:53, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
 * II. Railguns like the Krupp K5 were used by the Wehrmacht all over Europe, according to the article on the Krupp K5. Railguns like this were used most often on the Eastern Front, especially in battles like the Siege of Sevastopol on the Crimean Peninsula, the Siege of Leningrad, the Battle of Stalingrad, and the Battle of Kursk -- wherever the movements of the armies slowed down enough for these gigantic railguns to be brought to the battlefront. Sevastopol was bombarded relentlessly by the Wehrmacht's artillery and by the Luftwaffe, and it was blockaded by the Kriegsmarine in the Black Sea. At one point, there as a Soviet munitions arsenal buried over 100 feet underground in Sevastopol, but a large time-delayed shell from a railgun penetrated into the arsenal and detonated everything there. When Sevastopol finally fell to the Nazis, the entire Soviet Army of 300,000+ soldiers in the Crimea had either been killed or captured.
 * To be short, the use of railguns to fire across the English Channel was pipsqueakish compared to their bombardments in Italy and in the U.S.S.R.47.215.183.159 (talk) 02:48, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
 * III. Note the several kinds of Krupp-made railguns of WW I and WW II, used in heavy sieges, and given alliterative nicknames by their Allied opponents: Anzio Annie, Big Bertha, and the Paris gun, a.k.a. the "Kaiser Wilhelm Geschütz". .47.215.183.159 (talk) 03:09, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
 * The article doesn't say much about Germany in WWI, does it. We assume, perhaps wrongly, that they were the main users. Absolute numbers clearly stated would be useful. For example the notes at the back of Le Temps Trouvé (Proust) state that the Germans had three "Berthas" (Paris Guns, 210mm, range 120km) and one Big Bertha (420mm, range 12km). Although these aren't railway guns, and although the numbers seem too low, at least they are numbers. FangoFuficius (talk) 06:15, 27 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Railway gun


text:
Nia Gill

Nia H. Gill (born March 15, 1948) is an American attorney and Democratic Party politician, who represented the 34th Legislative District in the New Jersey Senate from 2002 to 2024. She ran unsuccessfully as a candidate in the June 2012 primary election to fill the seat in Congress left vacant by the death of Donald M. Payne, the former U.S. Representative for NJ's 10th congressional district. Gill was the State Senate President pro Tempore from 2010 to 2018, succeeded by Teresa Ruiz.

Early life
Gill was born on March 15, 1948, in Glen Ridge, New Jersey. She graduated from Montclair High School. She attended Upsala College, receiving a B.A. in history and political history. She was awarded a J.D. from the Rutgers Law School.

Career
Gill was a law clerk for Essex County Superior Court Judge Harry Hazelwood, Jr. and as a public defender in Essex and Passaic counties. She is an attorney with the firm of Gill & Cohen, P.C. together with former Assembly member Neil M. Cohen of the 20th Legislative District.

Gill served in the lower house of the New Jersey Legislature, the General Assembly, from 1994 to 2002, where she was Minority Whip from 1996 to 2001. She also served in the Assembly on the Speaker's Education Funding Task Force and several committees including, the Assembly Democratic Senior Citizen Task Force (as co-chair) and the Assembly Advisory Committee on the Arts, History and Humanities.

Gill became a candidate for State Senate in District 34 after some of the municipalities she had represented in the Assembly were shifted into the district. Most of the communities added to District 34, which at the time was a Republican stronghold and had been for nearly two decades prior, were heavily Democratic and contributed to Gill's landslide victory over first-time incumbent Norman M. Robertson. In the 2003 primaries, LeRoy J. Jones, Jr. was given the party line opposing Gill. Despite being outspent by Jones in the heavily Democratic district, Gill won with 55% of the vote. Senator Gill has been re-elected six times, winning elections in 2003, 2007, 2011, 2013, 2017, and 2021. Gill, along with the other 39 state senators, was required to run for her seat after two years due to the election cycle outlined in the New Jersey Constitution requiring a two-year Senate term after decennial redistricting.

She was the Senate President Pro Tempore from 2010 to 2017.

Gill is a sponsor of the measure recently signed into law to criminalize the deprivation of civil rights by public officials, making racial profiling a state crime. She has also sponsored the New Jersey Civil Rights Act, which would give individuals a remedy whenever one person deprives another person of any rights, privileges, or immunities or interferes with another's civil rights. Additionally, she sponsored a resolution to formally rescind an 1868 effort by the New Jersey Legislature to withdraw New Jersey's support for the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and its due process and equal protection provisions.

Gill sponsored legislation that provides a $3,000 income tax deduction for certain families providing home care for an elderly relative, legislation that abolishes the death penalty in New Jersey and has also sponsored legislation allowing PAAD recipients freedom of choice in selecting a pharmacy and prohibits the imposition of a mail order system. The Senator also sponsored legislation that establishes a central registry of domestic violence orders for use in evaluating firearm permit applications, and sponsored legislation to upgrade crimes of the third degree. In addition, Senator Gill is the first African American and the first woman in the history of New Jersey named to serve on the powerful Senate Judiciary Committee.

Gill is generally recognized as being one of the leading abortion rights advocates in New Jersey politics. One significant example is her opposition to the override of then-Governor Christie Whitman's veto of the New Jersey Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 1997 in the New Jersey Assembly.

Senatorial courtesy
On June 4, 2007, Governor Corzine announced and filed his intent to nominate Stuart Rabner to be the next Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court, replacing James R. Zazzali, who was nearing mandatory retirement age. Before the formal nomination, two members of the New Jersey Senate from Essex County, where Rabner resides, were said to be blocking consideration of his confirmation by invoking "senatorial courtesy", a Senate tradition that allows home county legislators to intercede to prevent consideration of a local nominee. On June 14, 2007, Governor Corzine officially nominated Rabner for the post. State Senator Ronald Rice withdrew his objections to Rabner's nomination on June 15, 2007, after a meeting with the governor. Fellow Senator Gill dropped her efforts to block Rabner's confirmation on June 19, 2007, after meeting with Rabner. While she did not respond to initial media requests to explain the nature of her concerns, anonymous lawmakers cited in The New York Times indicated that the objection was due to Rabner's lack of bench experience and Governor Corzine's failure to consider a minority candidate for the post.

After confirmation hearings, the Senate voted on June 21, 2007, to confirm Rabner as Chief Justice by a 36-1 margin, with Gill casting the lone dissenting vote, citing Rabner's lack of judicial experience and the fact that he had never argued a case in New Jersey's courts. Anne Milgram was confirmed by a 37-1 Senate vote to succeed Rabner as Attorney General.

In the 2022-23 legislative session, Gill served on the Legislative Oversight, the Law and Public Safety and the Transportation committees.

2023 election
As a result of redistricting following the 2020 United States census, parts of Gill's 34th District became merged with parts of the 27th District, resulting in a Democratic primary election between her and 27th District incumbent Dick Codey for the 27th District seat. Gill lost the primary by 57.7% to 42.2%. However, although Codey won the primary, he later announced his retirement from the Senate and Assemblyman John F. McKeon became the Democratic candidate in the general election. Codey's decision to compete in the primary against Gill, only to later resign, has been criticized as a "backroom politics" maneuver to force Gill out, although state Democratic chair LeRoy Jones denied this.

Other offices
New Jersey Governor-elect Jon Corzine said on November 11, 2005, that he would consider appointing Gill to fill his vacant seat in the United States Senate following his resignation to become Governor of New Jersey. He later chose Bob Menendez to fill the seat.

Gill was a candidate in the June 5, 2012, primary election to fill the seat in Congress left vacant by the death of Donald M. Payne, the former U.S. Representative for NJ's 10th congressional district. Also competing for that nomination was Dennis R. Flynn of Glen Ridge, Newark Councilmen Donald Payne Jr. (son of the congressman), Ronald C. Rice (son of State Senator Ronald Rice), Irvington Mayor Wayne Smith, and Cathy Wright of Newark. Payne won in a landslide, garnering 60% of the vote. Rice received 19%, Gill came in third with 17% and the other three candidates split the remaining 5% of the vote.

title: Nia Gill


text: Category:Chronicles about Denmark

title: Category:Chronicles about Denmark


text:
Anja Snellman

Anja Kyllikki Snellman-Orma (née Kauranen; born 23 May 1954, in Helsinki) is a Finnish novelist, poet, journalist, television commentator, and psychotherapist.

Her books have been translated to 20 languages so far. She was awarded the Pro Finlandia Medal in 2007. Anja Snellman has two daughters from her first marriage to Saska Saarikoski-Snellman. Today she is married to Jukka Orma, a musician

Selected works
Anja Snellman's novels and poetry collections:

 * Sonja O. kävi täällä (1981; J. H. Erkko Award)
 * Tushka (1983)
 * Kultasuu (1985)
 * Pimeää vain meidän silmillemme (1987)
 * Kiinalainen kesä (1989)
 * Kaipauksen ja energian lapset (1991)
 * Ihon aika (1993)
 * Pelon maantiede (1995)
 * Syysprinssi (1996)
 * Arabian Lauri (1997)
 * Side (1998)
 * Paratiisin kartta (1999)
 * Aura (2000)
 * Safari Club (2001)
 * Äiti ja koira (2002)
 * Lyhytsiipiset (2003)
 * Saa kirjoittaa (2004), poetry collection
 * Rakkauden maanosat (2005)
 * Lemmikkikaupan tytöt (2007)
 * Harry H (2007)
 * "Parvekejumalat" (2009)
 * "Öisin olemme samanlaisia" (2011), poetry collection
 * "Ivana B."
 * "Pääoma"

Awards and honours

 * Pro Finlandia Medal, 2007

title: Anja Snellman


text:
Andre Thornton

André Thornton (born August 13, 1949), nicknamed "Thunder", is an American former professional baseball player and business entrepreneur. He played in Major League Baseball as a first baseman and designated hitter from 1973 to 1987, most prominently as a member of the Cleveland Indians where, he was a two-time All-Star player and won a Silver Slugger Award. He also played for the Chicago Cubs and the Montreal Expos.

In 1979, Thornton was named the recipient of the prestigious Roberto Clemente Award for his involvement in local community affairs. After his playing career, Thornton owned a chain of restaurants as well as his own sports marketing firm. He was also the CEO and chairman of a supply chain management company. In 2001, he was voted one of the 100 greatest players in Cleveland Indians' history by a panel of veteran baseball writers, executives and historians. Thornton was inducted into the Cleveland Guardians Hall of Fame in 2007.

Early years
Thornton grew up in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, in a family of athletes, and graduated from Phoenixville Area High School. In 1967, a week before his 18th birthday, the Philadelphia Phillies signed Thornton as an amateur free agent. He played Minor League Baseball in the Phillies organization from 1967 through 1972. In 1972, the Phillies traded Thornton to the Atlanta Braves with Joe Hoerner for Jim Nash and Gary Neibauer. The Braves traded Thornton to the Chicago Cubs for Joe Pepitone on May 19, 1973.

Chicago Cubs
Thornton made his major-league debut with the Cubs on July 28, 1973, as a pinch hitter. He collected his first hit on August 3, in a win over the Montreal Expos. He was named to the 1974 All-Rookie Team as a first baseman by Baseball Digest. Thornton had one of his best seasons in 1975; although his 18 home runs were only the seventh-best season total of his career, he hit .293 with a .428 on-base percentage and a slugging percentage of .516. It was the first of six seasons during his career in which Thornton walked more than he struck out. Thornton played for the Cubs until May 1976, appearing in 271 games with a batting average of .267 with 30 home runs and 122 RBIs.

Montreal Expos
Thornton was traded to Montreal on May 17, 1976, for Larry Biittner and Steve Renko. He played in 69 games for Montreal through the end of the season. Overall for 1976, in which he battled injuries, Thornton hit .194 with 11 home runs and 38 RBIs.

Cleveland Indians
Thornton was dealt from the Expos to the Cleveland Indians for Jackie Brown on December 10, 1976. The trade would prove to be one of the most lopsided deals of the 1970s, as Brown would only pitch one more year in the majors. Thornton sustained high levels of production through much of his Cleveland career. After hitting 28 home runs in 1977, his debut season in Cleveland, Thornton hit a career-high 33 home runs in 1978 (a total he would match in 1984). In 1979, he was honored with the Roberto Clemente Award, given to the player who best exemplifies the game of baseball, sportsmanship, community involvement, and team contribution. Thornton missed all of 1980 with a severe knee injury that required two surgeries, and all but 69 games in 1981 due to other injuries.

From 1981 to 1984, Thornton played primarily as a designated hitter. In 1982, Thornton hit 32 home runs and set career highs with 116 runs batted in, 109 walks, and 285 total bases. From 1982 through 1986, a healthy Thornton appeared in an average of 140 games each season, and hit a total of 121 home runs with 446 RBIs while hitting for a .261 average. He won a Silver Slugger Award as a designated hitter in 1984, and then played exclusively as a designated hitter from 1985 to 1987. In 1987, he started 12 of the first 20 games, but injuries and a decision to essentially bench him kept him out of all but 24 games for the rest of the season, including only seven starts. He retired after the season.

Overall, in his ten seasons with the Indians, Thornton appeared in 1225 games, batting .254 with 214 home runs and 749 RBIs. He spent most of his career as one of the few marquee players on a team that was usually barely competitive; he only played on a winning team twice (not counting the strike year of 1981) during his time in Cleveland. He later said that while the Indians had some very good players, management simply couldn't keep them in Cleveland for any period of time.

Career stats
Thornton was selected as an American League All-Star in 1982 and 1984. He finished his career with 244 doubles, 253 home runs, a batting average of .254, an on-base percentage of .360, and a slugging percentage of .452. For three seasons, he finished in the top five in home runs in his league, and he was in his league's top five in walks four times. Thornton finished his career with more bases on balls (876) than strikeouts (851).

Personal life
In 1977, Thornton and his son Andy (André Jr.) were injured in an automobile accident that took the life of his wife Gertrude and three-year-old daughter Theresa Gertrude. In 1983 he wrote a book, Triumph Born of Tragedy, which is an account of the accident and his Christian faith.

In 1979, Thornton married Gail Jones, a singer and former member of The Jones Sisters Trio gospel group. In addition to André Jr., the couple have two other sons, Jonathan and Dean. Today, Thornton is a businessman. He is president and CEO of ASW Global, a supply chain management company headquartered in Mogadore, Ohio.

The Roberto Clemente Award, given annually to a Major League Baseball player who demonstrates sportsmanship and community involvement, was presented to Thornton in 1979.

After his playing career, Thornton continued to be involved in the Cleveland community, sitting on the boards of the Cleveland Council on World Affairs, the Cleveland Zoological Society, the Cuyahoga Community College Fund and Nyack College; being a member of Leadership Cleveland; and through involvement with The First Tee of Cleveland, a golf program which is geared to provide youth with educational programs and facilities that promote character development.

In August 2007, Thornton was inducted into the Cleveland Indians Hall of Fame along with Jim Bagby Sr., Mike Garcia and Charles Nagy. Thornton is also a member of the minor league Reading Phillies Hall of Fame. The Indians also named Thornton as a member of their "Top 100 Greatest Indians." Andre Thornton Park, on the north side of Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, opened in August 2010.

title: Andre Thornton


text:
Trois-Rivières City Council

The Trois-Rivières City Council (in French: Conseil municipal de Trois-Rivières) is the governing body for the mayor–council government in the city of Trois-Rivières, in the Mauricie region of Quebec, Canada.

Mayor

 * Yves Lévesque (2001–2019)
 * Jean Lamarche (2019-present; elected in a by-election on May 5)

Councillors

 * As of the 2017 Quebec municipal elections

District 1, Du Carmel District 2, Des Carrefours District 3, De Châteaudun District 4, De Chavigny District 5, Des Estacades District 6, Des Forges District 7, De La Vérendrye District 8, De La Madeleine District 9, De Marie-de-l'Incarnation District 10, De Pointe-du-Lac District 11, De Richelieu District 12, Des Rivières District 13, De Sainte-Marthe District 14, De Saint-Louis-de-France
 * Pierre Montreuil
 * Valérie Renaud-Martin
 * Luc Tremblay
 * Maryse Bellemare
 * Pierre-Luc Fortin
 * Mariannick Mercure
 * Dany Carpentier
 * Sabrina Roy
 * Denis Roy
 * François Bélisle
 * Ginette Bellemare
 * Claude Ferron
 * Daniel Cournoyer
 * Michel Cormier

title: Trois-Rivières City Council


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Brian Phillips

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy deleted by Geogre (Libel page/prank) --cesarb 00:50, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Brian Phillips
This article appears to have been created by a vandal by copying Dean Corll and changing the names and dates. I haven't been able to find a "Brian Phillips" who was a serial killer, and the editor's only other recent contribution was to vandalize the Pope article. Bryan 04:37, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as an attack page. Samaritan 04:58, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy as above. Master Thief Garrett 06:57, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy. It gives a date in 2008 for the death...
 * Speedy My friend did this and it's nonsense. CtrlPhreak 16:48, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, I tagged the article with an explanation of why this should be done. Firebug 17:05, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/BrainPOP

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Sjakkalle 07:20, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

BrainPOP
Delete. Reads like an advert and not at all notible. -SocratesJedi | Talk 04:37, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Keep and NPOV the article. "20% of school districts across the US have subscribed to their service." I am not sure about the validity of their statistics but Google gives 70,000 matches for the search term. - Stoph 04:42, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and cleanup. Appears notable enough. Megan1967 06:26, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I actually agree that it ought to be kept now. I was too hasty in proposing it.  Stoph and Megan make good points.  -SocratesJedi | Talk 07:15, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP. this should never have been nominated. Kingturtle 07:20, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * keep, I agree iwth Kingturtle again. Maggie311 09:16, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Hines Hill train collision

The Hines Hill train collision occurred on the Eastern Goldfields Railway on 14 January 1996 at Hines Hill, Western Australia. Two trains entered a passing loop simultaneously in opposing directions, although signals at the end of the passing loop were correctly showing red for stop.

Overview
The trains involved were National Rail Corporation's 5SP5 intermodal Sydney to Perth freighter, and Westrail's 7025 Perth to Kalgoorlie freighter.

The National Rail train in one direction misjudged the stop, and went past the red signal, hitting the last wagons of the Westrail train. These wagons were tankers containing diesel which burst into flames, destroying the train data recorders that might have explained what speed the train was travelling at. Locomotive AN10 was derailed. The driver and a teenage guest passenger were killed. Another person received severe injuries. National Rail locomotives AN10 and DL37 were written off due to being damaged beyond repair. A relay control room which was close to the fire was also destroyed.

The accident happened at night, and there were no distance boards which might have helped the driver of the NR train judge the distance to the stop signal showing red.

Aftermath
In June 1998, Westrail was fined $95,000 with $85,000 in costs. An appeal heard in the Supreme Court of Western Australia set aside the original conviction and Westrail was awarded $23,000 in costs.

The signalling was later altered to prevent trains entering the passing loop simultaneously.

The accident illustrates the hazard of having passing loops only just long enough to hold the two trains. If the loop had been longer, the safety distance from the red departure signal to the fouling point with the arriving train would have been larger and the other train would have cleared the single line section, so avoiding the collision by some vital seconds.

Loop lengthening
Since the accident, the passing loop at Hines Hill has been lengthened for longer 1,800 m trains. The loop is now 2,304 m long, which is considerably longer than the normal longest train. The extra distance provides both a safety margin and allows a train entering the loop to clear the single line at a higher speed. It is not known if the simultaneous arrival signalling has been restored.

title: Hines Hill train collision


text:
Warrnambool V/Line rail service

The Warrnambool line is a long-distance regional rail service in Victoria, Australia. Operated by V/Line, it is the state's fourth longest railway line at 267.3 km. The line runs from Southern Cross station in central Melbourne to Warrnambool station in the south-west, serving 21 stations via Wyndham Vale, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, and Colac. The line has five return services each weekday and three return services on weekends. Trains on the Warrnambool service run with three- to five-car N-class carriage sets, which are hauled by N class locomotives.

The service was taken over by V/Line after the closure of West Coast Railway in 2004. The track that the service operates on was originally built to connect Melbourne with the rural towns of Geelong, Colac, Warrnambool, and Port Fairy, amongst others. Sections of the Port Fairy line opened as early as 1857, with the line fully extended to Warrnambool in February 1890. A section of the line between Warrnambool and Port Fairy was closed in 1977 due to limited demand. Today V/Line only operates as far as Warrnambool.

Since the 2010s, there have been a number of upgrades to the line to improve the speed, accessibility and frequency of the service, including the Regional Rail Link, the Regional Rail Revival, and the planned Geelong Fast Rail project.

19th century
The line to Geelong was originally built by the Geelong and Melbourne Railway Company and opened on 25 June 1857, with the line being sold to the Victorian Railways in 1860. The line was designed by English engineer Edward Snell, and built as a single track. The line was later extended south-west, to Winchelsea in 1876, Colac in 1877, Camperdown in 1883, Terang in 1877, and finally Warrnambool, Dennington, and Port Fairy in 1890. The line is now closed beyond Warrnambool, with the last train leaving Port Fairy in September 1977.

20th century
In the early 20th century, a similar service named "The Flyer" was introduced as an extension of the Geelong Flier to Port Fairy. The service shaved 90 minutes off the whole journey, compared with the schedule of its predecessors. This service was operated by the longer-distance E-class carriages and lasted until about 1967.

Whilst the track beyond Waurn Ponds station is mostly single with some passing loops, many duplication projects have occurred along the Geelong section of the line. The section from North Geelong to Geelong was duplicated late April 1922. 37 years later in 1959, the section of track from Corio to North Geelong was duplicated. In 1979 the track from Werribee to Little River was duplicated and the sections from Little River to Lara and Lara to Corio in 1981. The Regional Rail Revival project will duplicate the track from South Geelong to Waurn Ponds in late 2024.

In September 1977, the line beyond Warrnambool was closed, with the final service to Port Fairy being hauled by a Victorian Railways B75 locomotive on 12 September.

In the 1980s the Victorian Railways decided to give names to its flagship services, to follow on from the previously named "Vinelander" & "Gippslander", and "The Westcoaster" was born. It had buffet facilities on board and shaved minutes off the journey time

West Coast Railway was formed in 1993 when the Kennett government privatised long-distance country rail services previously run by the government-owned operator V/Line to private operators. Bids were lodged in February 1993 with West Coast Railway being announced as the successful tender on 30 April of the same year. The initial franchise was for eight years with operations commencing on 19 September 1993. The service continued using the name "The Westcoaster" until services were returned to V/Line operation and the name fell into disuse.

21st century
In August 2001, Connex purchased a 50% shareholding of West Coast Railway. In 2003, Connex sold its shareholding to Australian Public Trustees. West Coast Railway continued to operate the line until 2004 when the contract was handed back the government with V/Line resuming operation of the line.Since transfer to V/Line, three new stations have opened on the line: Marshall station in 2004, Sherwood Park station, near Warrnambool, in 2006, Waurn Ponds station in 2014, and Tarneit and Wyndham Vale in 2015.

From 29 January 2017, V/Line started running a fourth service return service on weekdays with Sunday road coach services being replaced by trains. This meant that three Sunday train services ran in both directions instead of two. Following the timetable change in late August 2017, weekday Warrnambool trains no longer serve Wyndham Vale or Tarneit stations. In December 2018, due to a lack of available rolling stock, H carriages were used on the line past Geelong for the first time. H carriages are no longer used on the Warrnambool service.

From 31 March 2023, the cost of V/Line rail tickets were capped to the same fare as metropolitan services, with daily fares being capped at $9.20 or $4.60 for concession. These changes are expected to bring a large rise in patronage, with fears of overcrowding on V/Line services.

Regional Rail Link

Due to an increase in congestion on the Werribee line where Metro and V/Line services have to share tracks, a proposal was created to construct a separate line for regional trains called the "Tarneit Link". The project was expanded and re-branded as the Regional Rail Link when announced as part of the Brumby Government's Victorian Transport Plan in December 2008. The project was revised to separating all regional trains between Southern Cross and Geelong, Ballarat, and Bendigo, from suburban rail movements, with the proposed route beginning at Southern Cross, travelling through Sunshine and Tarneit to West Werribee.

In December 2013, the first section of the upgrade works were completed and the Warrnambool service could no longer stop at North Melbourne station. On 21 June 2015, the Deer Park–West Werribee railway line opened. Consequently, Warrnambool trains began to run via Wyndham Vale and Tarneit stations, rather than via Werribee and Newport stations on the Werribee Line.

Level crossing removals
The Level Crossing Removal Project removed 3 level crossings in the area surrounding Deer Park in 2022 and 2023. The crossing at Robinsons Road was removed by constructing a road tunnel underneath the rail line, with the project being completed in September 2022. Another crossing was removed at Mt Derrimut Road via the construction of an elevated rail bridge. This removal also included a newly elevated Deer Park station, car-parking, and public open space. The final crossing that was removed was the one at Fitzgerald Road in neighbouring suburb of Ardeer. This crossing was removed in April 2022 via the construction of a road bridge over the line. Despite a large number of remaining crossings on the line, there are no more scheduled to be removed by the Level Crossing Removal Project.

Regional Rail Revival
In 2017, the Regional Rail Revival program was announced which included an upgrade to the Warrnambool service. The first stage was aimed at allowing a fifth return service to be introduced and involved:

 * Signalling upgrades including the construction of trenches, cabling, and additional infrastructure (complete)
 * A new 2.2 km crossing loop at Boorcan (complete)
 * 12 level crossing upgrades between Waurn Ponds and Warrnambool with boom gates, flashing lights, bells, and more advanced train detection technology (complete)

Stage 1 of the upgrade was completed in December 2022 with a fifth weekday return service introduced between Melbourne and Warrnambool. In September 2021, a second stage of upgrades aimed at allowing VLocity trains to operate on the line was announced with a targeted completion date of late 2023. This second stage includes:

Once the project is fully complete, there will be no unprotected public level crossings on the line, with all protected by boom gates and flashing lights. The project is targeted for completion in late 2023 with works progressing.
 * Upgrades to train detection technology at more than 50 public level crossings (underway)
 * Installation of boom gates, bells, and flashing lights at 17 of those crossings (underway)
 * The upgrade of stabling facilities at Warrnambool Station (underway)
 * Track upgrades to replace old wooden sleepers (complete)

Geelong Fast Rail
The Western Rail Plan is a plan that aims to improve the quality of rail services in Melbournes western suburbs through infrastructure upgrades on a range of metropolitan and regional lines. Geelong Fast Rail was one project identified in the Western Rail Plan as a matter of priority, as it would allow for Geelong and Warrnambool services to travel back via the Werribee line, cutting travel time and allowing electrification of other corridors to occur which are currently being served exclusively by V/Line trains. Phase 1 of Geelong Fast Rail will consist of the following projects aimed at cutting travel times by 15 minutes:

 * New track between Werribee and Laverton dedicated to regional services
 * Upgrades and widening of bridges over main roads, creeks, and rivers
 * Upgraded stations at Werribee and Laverton
 * Signalling and train control system upgrades

Construction on the project expected to get underway in 2023, with the Australian and Victorian governments committing $2 billion each to the project which is expected to create 2800 new jobs.

Services
On weekdays, there are five express services per day. All Melbourne-bound services operate express between Geelong and Southern Cross, stopping only at Footscray. On weekends and public holidays, there are a total of three services per day—two local and one express service.

Train services on the line are also subjected to maintenance and renewal works, usually on selected Fridays and Saturdays. Shuttle coach services are provided throughout the duration of works for affected commuters.

Stopping patterns
Legend — Station status
 * ◼ Premium Station – Station staffed from first to last train
 * ◻ Host Station – Usually staffed during morning peak, however this can vary for different stations on the network.

Legend — Stopping patterns
 * ● – All trains stop
 * ◐ – Some services do not stop
 * ▲ – Only inbound trains stop
 * ▼ – Only outbound trains stop
 * | – Trains pass and do not stop

On-board amenities
The Warrnambool service is classified by V/Line as a long-distance service, subsequently adding additional amenities to the service. Standard on all V/Line services, toilets and luggage racks are available in addition to other amenities. On locomotive hauled long-distance services (N-class carriages), each train typically has two economy carriages with a total of 176 seats in a 3+2 configuration and one first class carriage with 52 seats in a 2+2 configuration as well as a luggage compartment. Cafe facilities are also available on-board all Warrnambool services serving a range of pre-made warm goods, pre-packaged sandwiches and snacks, as well as drinks. From late 2023, VLocity trains will be introduced on the line replacing outdated N-class carriages. The new trains won't have a first class but might have a cafe facility. Quiet carriages aren't available on locomotive hauled services, but once VLocity's are introduced from late 2023 the feature will be present on board.

Operators
Prior to V/Line taking back operation of the Warrnambool service from West Coast Railway in 2004, there had been 3 previous operators. The majority of operations on the line have been government run, with these operators including the Victorian Railways, the State Transport Authority, and the Public Transport Corporation.

Route
The Warrnambool line forms a somewhat curved route from the Melbourne central business district to its terminus. The route is 267.3 km long and is doubled tracked up until Waurn Ponds where it narrows to one track. Exiting the city, the Warrnambool line traverses somewhat flat country. Past Waurn Ponds the line begins to curve due to the natural terrain. On track constructed as part of the Regional Rail Link, there are numerous cuttings and embankments designed to eliminate new level crossings. After Wyndham Vale, the line has many level crossings especially past Waurn Ponds station.

The line follows the same alignment as the Geelong line with the two services separating after Waurn Ponds. The Warrnambool line continues onto Warrnambool whereas the Geelong line terminates at Waurn Ponds. The track up to Waurn Ponds primarily travels through built-up suburbs, industrial areas, and some farm land. After Waurn Ponds, the line travels through open countryside and through small regional towns. The portion of the line before Waurn Ponds is one of Melbourne and Victoria's main growth corridors, where farmland is being replaced with housing and commercial developments, leading to a rise in patronage.

Stations
The line serves 21 stations across 267.3 km of track. The stations are a mix of lowered and ground level designs. The only station that isn't at ground level is Wyndham Vale which was constructed in a lowered fashion as part of the Regional Rail Link in 2015.

Rolling stock
The Warrnambool service uses N class diesel-electric locomotives with N-class carriages operating in a three five-car set, with two doors per side on each carriage and can accommodate of up to 88 economy passengers or 52 first class passengers in one individual car configuration. The locomotives were originally built between 1985 and 1987 for V/Line by Clyde Engineering with a total of 25 produced. The locomotives are shared with other V/Line long-distance regional services and have been in service since 1985. In addition to locomotives, VicRail N-class carriages are also in use by V/Line. The carriage sets have both first class in a 2+2 seating arrangement and economy seating in a 2+3 arrangement. Snack bar facilities are also provided on board alongside toilets, drinking fountains, and luggage areas. Originally delivered as three-car sets, some sets were extended in length with Z type carriages.

Alongside the passenger trains, Port Fairy line tracks and equipment are maintained by a fleet of engineering trains. The two types of engineering trains are: the shunting train, designed for moving trains along non-electrified corridors and for transporting other maintenance locomotives; and the infrastructure evaluation carriage designed for general infrastructure evaluation including track and electrical infrastructure (if travelling along electrified corridors). Most of these trains are repurposed locomotives previously used by V/Line, Metro Trains, and the Southern Shorthaul Railroad.

Planned rolling stock
Upon the completion of Stage 2 of the Warrnambool line upgrade as part of the Regional Rail Revival project in late 2023, the Warrnambool service will be able to use long-distance VLocity trains. VLocity trains operate in a three-car configuration (with the ability to be configured up to 6 cars or 9 (on select segments only)) with two doors per side on each carriage and a seating capacity of 222 seats per three car set in a 2+2 configuration. There are two types of interior layouts: commuter (with seating, toilets, and luggage racks) and long distance (with seating, toilets, a kiosk style cafe, and luggage racks). Unlike existing long distance locomotive hauled trains, first class isn't available on board the long distance VLocity trains. Long distance VLocity's are currently in operation on all other long-distance lines to some extent, with more progressively being delivered. The trains have been continuously built at Alstom's Dandenong factory in Melbourne's south-east since 2004.

Accessibility
In compliance with the Disability Discrimination Act of 1992, all stations that are new-built or rebuilt are fully accessible and comply with these guidelines. The majority of stations on the corridor are fully accessible, however, there are some stations that haven't been upgraded to meet these guidelines. These stations do feature ramps, however, they have a gradient greater than 1 in 14. Stations that are fully accessible feature ramps that have a gradient less than 1 in 14, have at-grade paths, or feature lifts. These stations typically also feature tactile boarding indicators, independent boarding ramps, wheelchair accessible myki barriers, hearing loops, and widened paths.

Projects improving station accessibility have included the Regional Rail Revival (RRL) program, which involves station rebuilds and upgrades. These works have made significant strides in improving network accessibility, with more than 80% of the stations on the line classed as fully accessible. This number is expected to grow within the coming years as works progress on the RRL.

Signalling
The Port Fairy line uses a combination of different signalling types due to the length of the line. From the city to North Geelong the line uses Automatic and Track Control, to Geelong Automatic Block Signalling, to Waurn Ponds Track Block, and to Warrnambool Train Order Working.

title: Warrnambool V/Line rail service


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Andy Triboletti

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy deleted by MacGyverMagic (Unanimous speedy decision on VFD; this article appears to have been created by a vandal who simply copied the text of Robert Ressler and search-and-replaced the name.) --cesarb 00:49, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Andy Triboletti
This article appears to have been created by a vandal who simply copied the text of Robert Ressler and search-and-replaced the name. See also Votes for deletion/Brian Phillips, done by the same guy and linking to this article. Bryan 04:41, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as nonsense. Given the factual, verifiable that Robert Ressler lived this exact life in these same places at the same times, I think to say that Andy Triboletti did too is nonsensical. Samaritan 04:55, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy! as above. Master Thief Garrett 06:56, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy as with above, same friend doing bad work CtrlPhreak 16:50, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy. Zzyzx11 | Talk 16:51, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
1993 Stanley Cup Finals

The 1993 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1992–93 season, and the culmination of the 1993 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested between the Los Angeles Kings and the Montreal Canadiens. It was the first appearance in the Final for the Kings and the first appearance since the 1920 Stanley Cup Finals for a team based on the west coast of the United States. It was also the 34th appearance for Montreal, their first since the 1989 Stanley Cup Finals. The Canadiens defeated the Kings in five games to win the team's 24th Stanley Cup. The year 1993 was the 100th anniversary of the first awarding of the Stanley Cup in 1893, and the first Finals to start in the month of June. To date, the 1993 Canadiens are the last Stanley Cup championship team to be composed solely of North American-born players, and the last Canadian team to win the Stanley Cup.

The series is remembered for Kings defenceman Marty McSorley's penalty late in the third period of game two for using an illegal stick, in what proved to be the turning point in the 1993 Cup Finals. When McSorley entered the penalty box, Los Angeles held a 1–0 series lead, and a 2–1 score in the contest. The Canadiens then went on to score the equalizer on the ensuing power play, won game two in overtime, and then defeated the Kings in the next three games to win the Cup.

From the moment that McSorley was called for the penalty, the Kings failed to win another postseason game for the remainder of the 20th century, losing all the remaining games of the Finals, failing to qualify for the playoffs in five of the next seven seasons, and being swept out in the first round the other two times. Their next postseason win did not come until 2001, against the Detroit Red Wings. Meanwhile, the Canadiens did not appear in the Stanley Cup Finals again until 2021.

This was the first of two consecutive Finals series to have former captains of the Edmonton Oilers' 1980s dynasty attempting to win a Stanley Cup with their new teams; while Wayne Gretzky (who was the Oilers' captain on the first four out of five championship teams) ended up on the losing end of the 1993 series, Mark Messier (the Oilers' captain when they last won the Cup in ) got his chance with the New York Rangers in, and that time, he succeeded in helping them end a 54-year championship drought.

Los Angeles Kings
Los Angeles had started the season well but faltered from December to February, though they managed to rebound and clinch a playoff spot. Superstar Wayne Gretzky sat out from October to January due to injury. Los Angeles did not have home ice advantage for all four playoff rounds, and was the only club to face Canadian teams in every round. To reach the finals, Los Angeles defeated the Calgary Flames in the Smythe Division Semifinals 4–2, the Vancouver Canucks in the Smythe Division Finals 4–2, and the Toronto Maple Leafs in the Campbell Conference Finals 4–3.

Montreal Canadiens
Montreal defeated the Quebec Nordiques (their provincial rivals) in the Adams Division Semifinals 4–2, the Buffalo Sabres in the Adams Division Finals 4–0, and the New York Islanders in the Wales Conference Finals 4–1. The Canadiens initially lost their first two games against the Nordiques, due in part to a couple of weak goals let in by star Montreal goaltender (and Quebec City native) Patrick Roy. Afterwards, a newspaper in Roy's hometown district suggested that he be traded, while Nordiques goaltending coach Dan Bouchard proclaimed that his team had solved Roy. The Canadiens then responded by winning the next four games to eliminate the Nordiques, then swept the Sabres and took the first three games against the Islanders, tying a record of 11 consecutive playoff wins set by the Chicago Blackhawks and Pittsburgh Penguins the year before.

The playoffs in both conferences saw numerous upsets, with the top teams in each conference – the Blackhawks and Penguins – being eliminated before the Conference Finals. The Campbell Conference saw the Blackhawks swept in the Norris Division Semifinals by the rival St. Louis Blues. Montreal's path to their first Cup Finals since became much easier after the Sabres swept the Canadiens' bitter rivals, the Boston Bruins, in the Adams Division Semifinals and the Islanders eliminated the two-time defending Stanley Cup champions (and the league's top regular-season team), the Pittsburgh Penguins, in the Patrick Division Finals. The Bruins had eliminated the Canadiens in the playoffs for three straight years,   mainly due to Boston goaltender Andy Moog, who was often referred to as the "greatest Hab killer" the Bruins ever had. The Kings' path through the 1993 playoffs was similarly made easier as their nemesis, the Edmonton Oilers, who had eliminated the Kings from the playoffs in 1990, 1991, and 1992, failed to qualify for the playoffs for the first time since they joined the NHL in 1979.

Game summaries
This was the last Stanley Cup Finals series played in the Montreal Forum, and the last time Wayne Gretzky competed in the Finals. The Kings were appearing in the Finals for the first time in their 26-year history. They did not appear in the Finals again until 2012, where they faced the New Jersey Devils and won their first Stanley Cup. Montreal's victory is the most recent championship won by a Canadian team. They did not appear in the Finals again until 2021, where they lost to the Tampa Bay Lightning.

Game one
In game one at the Montreal Forum, the Kings jumped out to a 1–0 lead on Luc Robitaille's power-play goal at 3:03 of the first period. The Canadiens tied the game late in the first on Ed Ronan's goal at 18:09 (although it was merely a pass that Gretzky accidentally deflected into his own net). Robitaille would break the 1–1 deadlock with his second power-play goal of the game at 17:41 of the second period. Jari Kurri added an insurance marker off a Patrice Brisebois turnover at 1:51 of the third, and Gretzky sealed the 4–1 win for the Kings with an empty net goal at 18:02.

Game two
The turning point of the series for the Canadiens came late in the third period of game two. With the Kings leading by a score of 2–1, Canadiens head coach Jacques Demers called for a measurement of the curve of Kings defenceman Marty McSorley's stick. The stick was deemed illegal and McSorley was given a two-minute minor penalty for unsportsmanlike conduct. As it was late in the game and Montreal was facing the prospect of going to Los Angeles down two games to none, Demers pulled goalie Patrick Roy, producing a 6-on-4 advantage for the Canadiens. Montreal's Eric Desjardins scored from the point to tie the game at two and force overtime. Desjardins then scored his third goal of the game 51 seconds into overtime to give Montreal the win and the momentum heading toward games three and four at the Great Western Forum. Desjardins is the first and only defenceman to score a hat trick in the Cup Finals; before this game he had scored just two playoff goals.

Reports suggested Canadiens head coach Jacques Demers knew which of the Kings' hockey sticks to challenge, thanks to a Montreal Forum employee assigned to the Kings' locker room who temporarily moved the Kings' portable stick rack to the Montreal's locker room. Demers has denied this and credited captain Guy Carbonneau with spotting McSorley's illegal stick.

Game three
In game three in Los Angeles, the Canadiens jumped out to a 1–0 first period lead on a tip-in goal by Brian Bellows at 10:26, and Gilbert Dionne and Mathieu Schneider increased that lead to 3–0 at 2:41 and 3:02 of the second period. After a memorable check by long-time Kings defenceman Mark Hardy on Montreal's Mike Keane, the Kings fired back to tie the game in the second period on goals by Robitaille, Tony Granato and Gretzky. With time running out in the third period, Montreal captain Guy Carbonneau appeared to cover the puck in the goal crease, which with such little time remaining (12 seconds) would have resulted in a penalty shot for Los Angeles. But the referee ruled that the puck had been shot by a Kings player into Carbonneau's equipment, and so the period remained scoreless. After the series, the referee admitted that he had made a mistake on the call. The game went into overtime and Montreal's John LeClair scored the winner just 34 seconds into the extra period, giving the Canadiens their ninth consecutive overtime playoff victory.

Game four
Game four was a carbon copy of the previous game. Montreal bolted out to an early 2–0 lead, but the Kings fought back in the second period with goals by Mike Donnelly at 6:33 and McSorley on a power play at 19:56. As was the case in game three, the third period in game four ended up scoreless. Once again, it was John LeClair who was the hero for Montreal as he netted the overtime winner 14:37 into the extra period, banking the puck off the leg of sliding Los Angeles defenceman Darryl Sydor. In doing so, he became the first player since Montreal legend Maurice "Rocket" Richard in 1951 to score playoff overtime goals in consecutive games, and giving Montreal an NHL-record ten consecutive overtime wins in the 1993 playoffs.

Game five
Leading the series three games to one, the Canadiens headed back home for game five. After Paul DiPietro gave Montreal a 1–0 lead with a goal at 15:10 of the first period, McSorley tied the game for the Kings at 2:40 of the second period. The Canadiens' response was swift as Kirk Muller scored just 71 seconds later, and then Stephane Lebeau scored a power-play goal at 11:31 to give the Canadiens a 3–1 lead after two periods. DiPietro scored again at 12:06 to give Montreal a 4–1 lead. That ended up being the final score, with Muller's goal turning out to be the game winner. Gretzky did not manage a shot on net during the entire game.

With the win, the Canadiens won the series four games to one and clinched their 24th Stanley Cup championship. Montreal goaltender Patrick Roy won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the Stanley Cup Playoffs for the second time (he won it for the first time in ).

Team rosters
Years indicated in boldface under the "Finals appearance" column signify that the player won the Stanley Cup in the given year.

Stanley Cup engraving
The 1993 Stanley Cup was presented to Canadiens captain Guy Carbonneau by NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman following the Canadiens 4–1 win over the Kings in game five.

The following Canadiens players and staff had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup

1992–93 Montreal Canadiens

Riot
The 1993 Montreal Stanley Cup riot occurred in Montreal after the Montreal Canadiens won their 24th Stanley Cup. People poured into the streets of the city and some began to commit acts of vandalism and violence while the Canadiens were celebrating inside the Montreal Forum. In the epicentre of the riot on Saint Catherine Street, stores were looted and police cruisers were set ablaze. The riot caused CA$2.5 million in damage.

At the high point of the riot 980 officers were dispatched and they made 115 arrests. The police reported 47 police cars damaged, 8 of those 47 cars were completely destroyed. Rioters were arrested after they broke windows, looted stores and set fires. Some of the rioters were suspected of planning to loot stores using the Canadiens' victory celebration as a decoy. 168 were injured, including 49 police officers.

Due to the Kings being the Canadiens' opponents, most of the Los Angeles news media, including the Los Angeles Times and the Daily News, also covered the riot; Times sports writer Helene Elliott was pressed into service as a news reporter minutes after the riot began.

Television
In Canada, the series was televised in English on the CBC and in French on SRC. In the United States, the series was broadcast on ESPN. This was the ESPN's first Cup Finals coverage since 1988. However, ESPN was blacked out in the Los Angeles market because of Prime Ticket's local rights to the Kings games.

title: 1993 Stanley Cup Finals


text:
Nicholas Sacco

Nicholas J. Sacco (born November 17, 1946) is an American Democratic Party politician who served in the New Jersey State Senate from 1994 to 2024, where he represented the 32nd Legislative District. Sacco serveed as the chairman of the Senate Transportation Committee and was also a member of the Law and Public Safety and Veterans' Affairs Committee. He has served as mayor of North Bergen since 1991, and was allowed to hold two offices under a grandfather clause in a bill that took effect in February 2008 that prohibits dual office holding. Sacco announced on February 24, 2022 that he would not seek re-election to the State Senate.

Early life
Sacco was born in Jersey City on November 17, 1946. He grew up in West New York, graduating from Memorial High School. Sacco received a B.A. in 1968 in History from Rutgers University and an M.A. in Administration and Supervision from Seton Hall University in 1973.

Political career
Sacco was first elected to the North Bergen Board of Commissioners in 1985 as a part of recall elections headed up by Leo Gattoni to clean out corrupt officials in the Township. In 1991, Gattoni retired from the Mayor's office and decided to endorse Sacco as mayor (in North Bergen, the mayor is chosen among members of the Board of Commissioners). Sacco has been reelected every four years, most recently in May 2019. Two years after becoming mayor, Sacco defeated incumbent state senator Thomas F. Cowan in the Democratic primary election for the 32nd district. He has also been overwhelmingly re-elected to this office since his first election.

In addition to serving as a state senator and mayor of North Bergen, Sacco served as the Director of Primary Education for the North Bergen School District until his retirement in 2017. Sacco has been Principal of Horace Mann and Lincoln School in North Bergen, and former president and vice president of the North Bergen Council of Administrators and Supervisors which is affiliated with the New Jersey Education Association. He simultaneously holds a seat in the New Jersey Senate and as Mayor. This dual position, often called double dipping, is allowed under a grandfather clause in the state law enacted by the New Jersey Legislature and signed into law by Governor of New Jersey Jon Corzine in September 2007 that prevents dual-office-holding but allows those who had held both positions as of February 1, 2008, to retain both posts.

Sacco is a sponsor of the state's Urban Enterprise Zone legislation, which has helped foster private business investment in urban centers and generates millions of dollars in revenue for North Bergen and other cities. Sacco has also sponsored legislation expanding the use of DNA testing in criminal cases, by having DNA collected from individuals convicted of disorderly conduct offenses that could be compared against databases to help close unsolved crime cases. In 2021 Sacco voted in favor of legislation establishing a constitutional right to reproductive freedom.

In 2012 the Hudson Reporter named him #1 in its list of Hudson County's 50 most influential people. In 2013 and 2014, he was ranked #3 (the first of which tied him with Senate colleague and Union City mayor Brian P. Stack), and #4 in 2015.

On February 24, 2022, Sacco announced that he would not run for re-election as state senator in 2023, after North Bergen was redistricted to the 33rd Legislative District, which placed Sacco in the same district as his colleague, Union City mayor and state senator Brian Stack, whom Sacco said he would support.

Committees
Committee assignments for the current session are:
 * Law and Public Safety, Vice-Chair
 * Transportation

District 32
Each of the 40 districts in the New Jersey Legislature has one representative in the New Jersey Senate and two members in the New Jersey General Assembly. Representatives from the 32nd District for the 2022—2023 Legislative Session are:
 * Senator Nicholas Sacco
 * Assemblyman Pedro Mejia
 * Assemblywoman Angelica M. Jimenez

Personal life
On November 26, 2022, Sacco married his longtime girlfriend Kathryn Somick at a ceremony at the Venetian in Garfield, New Jersey. His brother Joseph served as best man and his grandson, Nathan, was the ring bearer. Somick comes from a family with several members that work in the education system, and she herself worked with Sacco at the Board of Education.

title: Nicholas Sacco


text:
The Rainbow (magazine)

The Rainbow was a monthly magazine dedicated to the TRS-80 Color Computer, a home computer made by Tandy Corporation (now RadioShack). It was started by Lawrence C. Falk (commonly known as Lonnie Falk) and was published from July 1981 to May 1993 by Falk's company, Falsoft, which was based in Prospect, Kentucky.

History
The first issue of the magazine was two double-sided sheets containing text printed on a Radio Shack Line Printer VII printer. Falk photocopied 25 of the debut issue, and sold them for $1.00. After the first batch sold out, he made ten more copies. The magazine's "...articles, comments, tips, and program listings..." were good enough to attract advertisements from The Micro Works and JARB Software by the release of the third issue. JARB Software (and Joe Bennett in particular) became a contributor of many software and hardware articles in early issues of The Rainbow. Beginning with the first anniversary issue, the magazine was professionally typeset and had full color covers. The December 1982 issue was the first to use perfect binding. The magazine operations moved into a commercial space in early 1983 after having started in an extra room in Falk's home, then to this home's renovated basement.

In 1983, The Rainbow started a series of CoCo conventions under the name Rainbowfest.

Lonnie Falk was elected mayor of Prospect in November 1993 and was continued in office until his death in June 2006 at age 63 of a heart attack.

Content
The magazine featured articles, columns, reviews, tutorials, letters from readers, and advertisements. Many articles presented BASIC or assembly language program listings. Readers had to type these programs in by hand, unless they ordered a cassette or diskette containing these programs, through the Rainbow on Tape or Rainbow on Disk service. The BASIC programs were printed in a fixed font with 32 characters per line so that they would show up just as they did on the CoCo's standard 32×16 text screen.

The magazine provided a small program called Rainbow Check Plus which helped users type in the listings accurately. The program would count the number and values of characters which the user typed in. A small box accompanying a program listing would serve as a checksum system. It was a two-column table that specified what checksum value was expected for a few chosen lines in the program. For example, after line 140, the checksum was expected to be 149, then after line 290, it was expected to be 21, etc. This system required the user to type the listing exactly as it appeared, including all spaces and possible typographical errors. Some users preferred to edit and improve the program as they typed it, at the risk of making hard-to-find mistakes.

The publication's style was informal. It was mostly geared towards beginners and hobbyists. Articles were often accompanied by colorful illustrations, and so was each month's cover. There was also a comic strip whose main character was called the CoCo Cat.

Lonnie Falk wrote a monthly editorial titled PRINT#-2, (with a comma at the end of the title, because it was part of the syntax of the CoCo BASIC's PRINT command when targeting the printer).

The advertisements came from some large companies like Tandy but mostly from small software and hardware vendors. While Tandy would have full-page color ads, the small vendors' ads would be smaller and much more modest in style. This reflected the fact that it was relatively easier at the time to start a business in the computer field. The barrier to entry in today's computer industry is arguably higher.

Software and hardware reviews appeared in each issue. The Rainbow Certification Seal was attributed to a product to certify that it had been seen by the Rainbow staff and that it did exist. It was not however a guarantee of satisfaction since it did not say anything about the quality of the product. The reviews were supposed to fill that role. The certification program started in The Rainbow's second year.

The magazine had a department called the Rainbow Scorecard which registered high scores achieved by readers playing CoCo video games.

Each issue of the magazine had a theme that was typically associated with the calendar month. The December issue was the Holiday issue, while the January issue was the Beginners issue and was meant as an introduction to the CoCo world for readers who had received a Color Computer for Christmas. August was the Games issue, September was Education, November was Telecommunications, and July was the Anniversary issue.

Contributing columnists

 * William Barden, Jr. (Barden's Buffer): technical articles often involving low-level assembly language programming;
 * Joe Bennett of JARB Software & one third of the infamous trio that started the Rainbow Magazine idea: programs, how-to articles, and technical tips in the early years of the Rainbow;
 * Tony DiStefano (Turn of the Screw): hardware projects;
 * Joseph Kolar (BASIC Training): tutorials on BASIC language programming;
 * Cray Augsburg (Delphi Bureau): coverage of the CoCo community on the Delphi online service;
 * Fred B. Scerbo (Wishing Well): BASIC programs based on ideas submitted by readers;
 * Dale L. Puckett (KISSable OS-9): coverage of the OS-9 multitasking operating system;
 * Steve Blyn (Education Notes): coverage of educational software;
 * Marty Goodman (CoCo Consultations), Richard E. Esposito (Doctor ASCII), Dan Downard (Downloads), Ed Ellers (Earth to Ed): answers to technical questions from the readers;
 * Dennis Lewandowski (The Assembly Corner): assembly language programming;
 * Charles J. Roslund (Charlie's Machine): a machine language utility column;
 * Michael Plog, Ph.D. (Education Overview): addressing issues of using computers and technology within educational settings;
 * William Nolan of Prickly Pear Software (The Dragon's Byte): wrote dozens of articles and, for several years, a monthly column on gaming, particularly fantasy gaming, on the CoCo.
 * Tom Nelson (CoCo Counsel): law and computers.
 * Daniel Adams Eastham (Personable Pascal):

title: The Rainbow (magazine)


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Greek festival

A Greek festival or Greek Fest is an annual celebration of Greek culture presented by many ethnic Greek American communities and organization in the United States and Canada, particularly Greek Orthodox churches. Typically, these events are intended for attendance by the general public. Attendees can sample Greek music, cuisine, and dance, typically performed in traditional dress. Such events are often fundraisers for Orthodox churches of the Greek Archdiocese. These Greek festivals originate from celebrations in Greece for religious holidays, such as, Greek Orthodox Easter and non-religious holidays, such as, the Festival of Flowers (Protomayia).

Greek foods often served at Greek festivals include Lamb, Greek salad with olives and Feta cheese, Dolmades, Spanakopita, Tiropita, and Greek Coffee. Sweets include Baklava, Loukoumades, Diples, Galaktoboureko, Koulorakia, and Kourabiedes.

In a modern context, the term "Greek Fest" is also used to refer to the celebrations or festivities organized and held by college/university fraternities and sororities (Greek system organizations) in North America.

title: Greek festival