text:
User:SPUI/RickK

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 * (RickK | talk | contributions)

Statement of the dispute
''This is a summary written by users who dispute this sysop's conduct. Users who edit or endorse this summary should not edit the other summaries.''

RickK appears to deliberately ignore deletion (and undeletion) policy. He has speedied an article as a "recreation of previously-VFD'ed article", long after the VFD emerged with no consensus (and the article was no longer a recreation of the previously VFDed article (How to Heal Traumas). He then argued on the VFU debate that it was a recreation of the original article, rather than a reasonable cleanup. The article is now surviving VFD by far.

Now he did it again, this time for Falling Up (band). On VFU he simply states that "VfU is not to be used to try to get VfD votes redone." But the VFU is being used to undo the recent speedy, not the VFD, which was on a different article (and was speedily undeleted when the deleter, BanyanTree, realized he had deleted it in error).

RickK then proceeded to speedy the article yet again.

Given that RickK has continued to do this after being informed why it is against policy, it is likely that he will do it again. --SPUI (talk) 23:07, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Now RickK "refuses to participate" in this RFC. What exactly does this mean? ArbCom time? --SPUI (talk) 04:48, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Description
{Add summary here, but you must use the section below to certify or endorse it.

Powers misused

 * Deletion (Waking the Tiger and Falling Up (band)):
 * See below for votes that run counter to deletion policy.

Applicable policies

 * Deletion policy, Criteria for speedy deletion and Undeletion policy
 * RickK deleted Waking the Tiger, about a week after the VFD got its last comment (which itself was more than five days after it was opened). If RickK was to speedy it at the beginning, that would jive with policy. But by the time he speedied it, a reasonable number of changes and cleanup had been done, making the speedy deletion against policy. On the post-VFU VFD, no one votes to delete (this may not in itself mean anything, except that it means that the "average VFD voter" thought higher enough of this than the previous incarnation to change their vote).
 * shows all of RickK's comments on Waking the Tiger. His disregard for deletion policy continues, in arguing that it was a copy of the old content.
 * is his vote on the undeletion of Falling Up (band). He again either doesn't see or deliberately ignores the claim that the new page was different from the deleted page. If he has in fact checked and they are the same, he should say so rather than disregarding policy.
 * RickK then deleted it himself, when the admin that had originally speedied it realized his mistake.
 * his readdition of Falling Up (band) to VFU, after speedying it himself, as well as additional comments on the VFU.
 * Just remembered another example from a few months ago - California English. I may dig up the details.

Evidence of trying and failing to resolve the dispute
(provide diffs and links)
 * Various comments on VFU for Waking the Tiger.
 * Commented on VFU for Falling Up (band); subsequent realization by the deleter that it was an accidental delete makes it clear that RickK did not attempt to compare the articles.
 * A request for a clarification of the vote on Falling Up RickK continued to edit after the comment was made, but did not respond.
 * And more comments on the VFU.

Users certifying the basis for this dispute
(sign with ~ )
 * SPUI (talk) 22:00, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC) RickK is a master troll.
 * --Jondel 00:42, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Other users who endorse this statement
(sign with ~ )
 * Death to deletionism. LevelCheck 00:34, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC) (Moved from the above section by SPUI, as I have not seen any evidence of LevelCheck trying to resolve one of these or a related dispute with RickK.)
 * I find Levelcheck's reasoning rather spurious (not to mention factionalizing), and feel obliged to point out that there's currently a RFC against him because he's alleged to disrupt Wikipedia to make a WP:POINT. Radiant_* 08:09, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * RickK seems to ignore policy and act rashly and harshly far too often. Everyking 01:10, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yep. ugen 64 04:59, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * RickK IMHO tends to powertrip. He needs to cool off his shooting iron and relax about fighting the inclusion of schools. Klonimus 01:11, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * (Note: I dislike SPUI) Nevertheless, RickK blocked me unfairly for "Breaking the 3rr" (see here: ), meanwhile I didn't break it; I merely said I didn't care about the 3rr in that case.--198 02:46, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Response
I refuse to dignify this nonsense with a response. RickK 04:05, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

All right, there are several people below who have requested that I make a response. Despite my known feelings about the entire comment/arbitration/mediation process, I will do so.

Waking the Tiger began life as How to heal traumas. The VfD vote for How to heal traumas was 10 votes for deletion and only two for keeping, but, before the article could be deleted, User:Jondel, in clear violation of policy, MOVEd the article to Waking the Tiger and stripped off the VfD header before an admin had a chance to follow up on the VfD process and delete the page. I deleted Waking the Tiger on the grounds that it was a violation of VfD and not even a recreation of a deleted article, but a continuation of the should-have-been-deleted article. It got listed on VfU, and although I still believe that Jondel was completely in the wrong for what he did, because VfU consensus was to undelete the article, I let it go.

Falling Up (band) was listed for deletion on April 3 by User:JamesBurns. There were three delete votes and zero keep votes. Note that I did not vote on the issue. Every one of the delete votes said that they were voting delete because the band is not notable. User:ABCD closed the VfD vote and deleted the article on April 6 April 9. The article's content, at the time of the deletion, was:

Falling Up is a christian rock band.

Members

* Tom * Jessy * Jeremy * Joe * Josh * Mike

Discography

* Crashings

links

* Official Website.

On April 21, User:Cookiemobsta recreated the article, with the content:

Falling Up is a Christian band consisting of Thomas Charles Cox (guitar), Joseph A. Kisselburgh (guitar), Mike, Josh Shroy (drums), Jessy Ribordy (vocals) and Jeremy Miller (bass guitar). They were named after the first song they wrote, which refers to how imperfect people are, but how sufficient the grace of God is to compensate for that imperfection. In harmony with their name, their music is heavy on themes about grace. They debuted in February 24, 2004 with an 11-song album titled "Crashings." Aaron Sprinkle (who also produced Kutless and Anberlin) produced this album, which combines rock, metal, strings and R+B. The music is similar to Kutless', and the members of the two bands were childhood friends in their hometown of Albany, Oregon. It was the members of Kutless who passed Falling Up's demo album on to BEC Recordings owner, Brandon Ebel which lead to Falling Up signing on to BEC alongside Kutless in the summer of 2003.

Discography

* Crashings (2004) o 1. Bittersweet o 2. Symmetry o 3. Broken Heart o 4. Escalates o 5. New Hope Generation o 6. The Gathering o 7. Jacksonfive o 8. Divinity o 9. Places o 10. Falling in Love o 11. Ambience o 12. Arafax Deep

External Links

* Official band site * Lyrics

User:JamesBurns put a speedy delete tag on the article as a recreation of the previously-deleted article ("Recreated article in violation of Wikipedia deletion policy"), and User:BanyanTree deleted it. Cookiemobsta immediately listed it on VfU. User:SPUI claimed that it was not a recreation, and a new VfD needs to be created for it because it is a new article. I objected on the grounds that it was a recreation, and VfU is not the place to bring requests for new VfD votes on articles which have been deleted following the VfD process. SPUI again claimed that the articles were different, and, on the same day, BanyanTree undeleted the article and deleted the VfU listing. I objected, since the proper 5 day VfU period had not passed, and I re-deleted the article, and restored the VfU listing. I am not trying to hide anything about the deletion, I merely wanted proper procedure to be followed, which was not done in this case.

Please note that in the meantime, JamesBurns re-listed Falling Up (band) for VfD as still not notable, and has voted keep deleted on the VfU, as the article is still about the same non-notable band.

RickK 22:59, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC

Note:User:Dante Aligheri undeleted the thing again today, and I have once again deleted it until such time as the VfU process has run its course. If at the end of the VfU process, the vote is to undelete, I will step aside, but not until then. What if I decided to just start deleting things on VfD before the vote time had expired? There would be mobs with pitchforks demanding my head. Well, let's follow proper procedure everywhere, all right? RickK 23:44, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

Other people's comments are inappropriate here. This is my response. You should make your own sections. RickK 06:12, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)

{Add summary here, but you must use the endorsement section below to sign.}

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):
 * 1)    [ +t, +c ] 23:15, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm all for following the proper procedure Rick. It was my attempt to correct your error in procedure that necessitated my undeleting the article. It is your repeatedly inappropriate deletions that are the problem. --Dante Alighieri | Talk 00:04, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Wow, that is completely not a recreation. Thanks for pasting it here for all to see. --SPUI (talk) 23:14, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Additionally the statement Every one of the delete votes said that they were voting delete because the band is not notable. is not true. The votes stated that the article didn't establish notability.  Just to be sure, I checked with Radiant and he stated that's exactly what he meant (his response was posted on the VFU page).  CryptoDerk 23:18, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * There's no way that's the same content. The deletion policy specifically allows for cases of re-creation, suggesting that repeated re-creation makes something of a case for keeping an article, so there is obviously no prohibition on re-creating an article as such.Grace Note 03:22, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Amen. A re-creation shouldn't be interpreted as  trying to make an end run around the VfD process by changing the name(RickK's responce from Vfd of WTT). There IS no policy specifically prohibiting recreations. It really should be no big deal. You can't stop ideas( of articles) from reincarnating. --Jondel 03:38, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * There most assuredly is. See Criteria for speedy deletion, General criterion 4: Reposted content that was deleted according to Wikipedia deletion policy..  RickK 19:12, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)

Outside view
''This is a summary written by users not directly involved with the dispute but who would like to add an outside view of the dispute. Users who edit or endorse this summary should not edit the other summaries.''

Wikipedia would more or less stop running without RickK.

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):
 * 1) Snowspinner 04:18, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) "or less", but I don't want to make another outside view. RickK's crazy, but in a good way. AngryParsley 05:15, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) I'm signing here to register my protest against the "death to deletionism" comment. RfC should not be a place for petty wiki-politicking. Mackensen (talk) 05:19, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Rick and myself have had differences in the past but at all times he has remained civil and courteous to me. He is probably one of the best editors on Wikipedia. Megan1967 07:35, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Note: I agree with both this and #3 below. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 10:49, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Wikipedia is not a dumpster. Viajero 11:21, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) I've seen him get perhaps a little overzealous sometimes, but that's because, for the whole time I've been a part of Wikipedia, I've known him to be thoroughly dedicated to standards and principles that make Wikipedia stronger.  He cares about it.  And like me, he probably spends far too much time on here.  Postdlf 23:16, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Zzyzx11 | Talk 23:18, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) To rehash a classic phrase that used to be on WP:WIN, Wikipedia is not a theater of war.   [ +t, +c ] 23:35, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) SlimVirgin (talk)  00:09, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Calton | Talk 00:36, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC) Technically, this place would muddle through somehow, but I support the sentiment nonetheless.
 * 12) Wikipedia would still go on, of course, but it's a much better place with RickK. Deathphoenix 02:54, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Outside view #2
Since this is primarily a procedural hassle going on, I suggest that RickK back off and let some other admin deal with the issue. There are several things going on here. First of all, there's the sad fact that an article can be deleted via VfD with as few as 2 votes to kill and one to keep. The original editors, perhaps not having visited Wikipedia in the week after their article got zapped, return and discover it's missing, well, ok, they enter it again. Bang, it gets zapped. What the hell? Editor requests undeletion, person who did the second deletion says "OK!". Now RickK sees a breach in policy, and deletes it again, because it wasn't on VfU long enough. Cooler -- or at least other -- heads need to look into this.

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):
 * 1) jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 04:38, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) android↔talk 04:41, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC). (Can I endorse both outside views?)
 * 3) Sjakkalle 06:38, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC) Endorsement stricken to endorse Outside view #4 instead. Sjakkalle 08:53, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Outside view #3
This is a tempest in a teapot. In the case of Waking the Tiger, the content from the deleted article at the old name and the article at the current name  are very similar, and included much of the same material. I can't blame RickK for regarding the one as the recreation of the other and frankly, I can see myself acting in much the same manner. It is a bizarre state of affairs when content judged delete-worthy (to be deleted, NOT moved) can reside in much the same form at another article. This reflects the vagarities of the deletion process, I guess. In all, this isn't worth the attention it's getting, and I'd suggest both sides just cool off.

Outside comment: The article was a re-creation, if the edit summary is to be believed ("Removed redirect, added and copied contents from How to heal traumas"). --Calton | Talk 00:46, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):
 * 1) Mackensen (talk) 05:07, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Antandrus 05:21, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC); tempted to endorse a couple of these outside views though.
 * 3) Mindspillage (spill yours?) 05:23, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) --nixie 05:26, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Radiant_* 08:11, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC). Also, this RFC does remind me a bit of pots and kettles, because the 'falling up' article was 'speedily undeleted' instead of listed on VfU for a couple weeks. 'Speedy' criteria are very strict, and for good reason.
 * 6) Note: I agree with both this and #1 above. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 10:51, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Quite. —Korath (Talk) 11:51, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) 99.8% of RickK's judgements are sound, VfU is there to deal with the rest, and the number of RickK goofs is so small that taking care of them is not much of a burden to the community. Dpbsmith (talk) 13:17, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) In essence, RickK is being accused of making a judgement call on an at best marginal issue that some agree with, and some don't. There will always be marginal calls to be made, and whoever makes them is always going to be unpopular with one group or another.  If the consequence of making such a call is (as it too often is) a chorus of shrill bleating, people will stop making judgements all together. Secondly, RickK is accused of holding opinions others do not share, about what should or should not be included in wikipedia. Well boo hoo.  This petty little RFC is beneath contempt. -- John Fader (talk | contribs) 10:36, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree completely with this. Excuse me while I go vandalise until I get banned. Thank you for showing me the light, Jesus. --SPUI (talk) 10:40, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment:

Please notice that for example, 1), There are now really different, for instance there is no mention of 'Medusa ' in the Waking the Tiger'. Comparisons should be done at the conntents at the start of the deletion voting process and 2) there is no prohibition of recreating articles. There shouldn't be. You can't stop ideas from reincarnating in a different article.--Jondel 06:17, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Outside view #4
I think that RickK is generally a good administrator, but sometimes he is a bit quick on the trigger. I feel that he acted in good faith in this situation, and I would need more information (specifically, whether and to what extent the content created was identical to that deleted on the VFD) to judge whether the specific action taken was correct or not. One of the problems is that we do not have a specific definition of what constitutes "reposting of deleted content". In one case ("Falling Up (band)") the content was apparently substantially different than that originally deleted, and was re-deleted because RickK believed that the VFD vote was based on other factors. I'm not sure if this is a good idea. Do we want specific article titles to be forever taboo because they were deleted at one time? Also, I do not feel that RickK's statement ("I refuse to dignify this nonsense with a response") is particularly helpful to the process. Whether the originators of the RFC deserve a response, the rest of the community does. (RickK has indeed responded.) RickK is an administrator, and administrators need to be willing to explain their use of administrative powers. This is part of their responsibility to the Wikipedia community.

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):
 * 1) Firebug 06:44, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) I agree with Firebug, but I would have worded his statement stronger in one regard: this "refusal to participate" in an RFC is not admin-like behavior. If RickK cannot handle his temper in a minor matter like this, it reflects poorly on him. I also wish to emphasize Dpbsmith's point about tact, below--again, admins are supposed to set a standard of behavior, and being friendly and understanding is part of that. Meelar (talk) 08:16, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC) I'm glad RickK responded to this. As above, I don't feel that this is a major dispute--I just hope that RickK will be willing to respond in the future. And I want to thank him for the immense amount of work he does in maintainence--it's incredibly valuable. Meelar (talk) 23:38, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) I agree with those who say that this RfC is not needed. But I also agree with that "I refuse to dignify this nonsense with a response" was not needed. If something is nonsense, say why it's nonsense, just asserting it is a cop-out. Sjakkalle 08:56, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * RickK has responded, and done a reasonably good job of it. I think the best course is to let the VfU run its course and stop RfCing each other! Sjakkalle 06:15, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, until the next time RickK pulls his bullshit. Great idea. --SPUI (talk) 06:42, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I will not respond any further on this topic. The personal attacks have gone beyond appropriate.  SPUI has gone over the edge.  RickK 06:57, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * SPUI, might I suggest you pay a visit to Civility? — oo64eva (AJ) (U @ 07:09, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * I've been there, but I've snapped. Too bad, since this was going so well. --SPUI (talk) 07:53, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) I don't agree with this RfC. It's more or less a bitch session for people who don't like RickK, usually because of philosophical differences on Wikipedia policy. However, I also don't agree with his decision not to respond. If someone filed an RfC against me, I'd respond ASAP, unless I had good, solid evidence it was filed in bad faith. Why? Because that's what I'd expect if I were in a position where I'd have to file an RfC on someone.   [ +t, +c ] 11:08, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * RickK has now responded as requested. Thanks, RickK, that's all we were asking for.   [ +t, +c ] 23:19, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) (But I also agree with most of 3 above) Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 11:25, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) I admire RickK's tireless work but agree that an admin's actions should not be closed to scrutiny and that they should account for them more readily than an ordinary user. adamsan  18:41, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC) Now that RickK has responded I look forward to seeing successful resolution of this matter. adamsan  18:02, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Agreed with most if not all of this analysis. --SPUI (talk) 21:20, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm confused. You agree to this view that I acted in good faith, and yet you're the one who brought the RfC?  RickK 23:07, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * A few points here:
 * I said "most if not all"; that's the one thing I'm not sure about.
 * "Good faith" actions can still be cause for an RFC if they disrupt Wikipedia. --SPUI (talk) 23:11, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) I think this is largely right. I think the view that WP wouldn't work without Rick is ridiculous. It would work about as well or as badly as it already does. I think Rick generally acts in good faith, although he is not right anything like 99% of the time. He is wrong, in particular, when he is aggressive and hasty. I also think that rather than getting behind him when he is aggressive or hasty, and suggesting that others should clean up his mess, he should be counselled to be a tad more cautious in his approach. Having said that, I don't think this RfC is particularly constructive in doing that. Grace Note 23:18, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) I have no problem with RickK as an admin. I think this experience will make him an even better admin. Also remember that the more an admin deals with vfd/speedy/vfu, the more likely they are to come out with a few more bruises than admins who spend less time dealing with that. It’s not the most glamorous job an admin could spend time on and I’m grateful RickK takes the time to do it.— oo64eva (AJ) (U @  23:24, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

Outside view #5
RickK could be called a bulk admin, he makes a large number of judgement calls every day. I've heard people typify him as "having a ratio of 990:1000 good calls".

I haven't checked if he actually makes 1000 calls per day :-P, but I'll take peoples' word for it. ;)

Anyway, being human, he's bound make the occaisional dubious call.

Generally it might be wiser wrt folks like RickK to just fix his occaisional oopses, rather than complaining about them. If wikipedia can even revert actual vandalism within 5 minutes, then it can certainly fix the occaisional mistake by a busy admin! ;-)

If RickK sees folks tidying up the occaisional loose thread, then I'd suggest he should just leave them to it (insofar he hasn't been doing that already).

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):
 * 1) Kim Bruning 13:24, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) My thoughts exactly. RickK takes on many admin tasks on Wikipedia, so although his mistakes may seem like more than others, his correct judgement calls far outweigh this. Deathphoenix 15:06, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Dpbsmith (talk) 15:12, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC). (Although I sometimes think a tiny bit of tact might not impair his efficiency).
 * 4) Zzyzx11 | Talk 23:17, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) RickK appears to have assumed that JamesBurns' characterization of the article as a recreation was accurate... and why would he not? --Dante Alighieri | Talk 23:32, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Correct me if I'm wrong, but can't admins look into the history of a deleted page without an undelete? Deletion is such a powerful thing that verification should be done (as with checking history to make sure the current content wasn't the result of vandalism). --SPUI (talk) 23:35, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This is true, it is possible to "double check", so to speak. However, given the volume of deletes that some admins do, it's really understandable that they will (on occasion) take someone else's word for it. I think your beef here is as much with James as with Rick. Now, it does seem that RickK, is asserting that he agrees with James, so this may all be a moot point. Note that I'm not positive that RickK didn't check the article before he deleted it, but my understanding based on the related posts is that he deleted it "blindly", taking James at his word... which, as I said, I support as a general procedure. --Dante Alighieri | Talk 23:41, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) I agree with this as well. Instead of lamenting one or two bad calls (which, let's face it, we're all guilty of) we should praise the enormous number of good calls from RickK, every single day. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 23:39, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) silsor 06:08, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Bishonen | talk 16:18, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) People think RickK made a boo-boo, RickK disagrees. No big deal here—we could ask RickK to be more open to people even if he considers them to be wrong, but that would sort of defeat the purpose of having a RickK. Fix problem. Move along. JRM · Talk 01:25, 2005 Apr 27 (UTC)
 * 5) It is indeed no big deal. I agree with JRM's statement and view 5. I think RickK is good admnistrator. Iwould like very much that RickK be more open and responsive with users, even if wrong(the users). Time to move a long. I'm one of the RFC initiators but signing here. I guess I just needed to blow some steam. I couldn't help but insist on putting Waking the Tiger on wikipedia because the book might even save lives, at least it is encyclopedic and noteworthy.--Jondel 01:52, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Wgfinley 02:56, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Radiant_* 08:34, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)

Outside view #6
RickK has trolled me; I have lost. I will have a nice day.

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):
 * 1) SPUI (talk) 02:38, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Move to close
I believe the above indicates that the issues raised by SPUI against RickK have been sufficiently addressed. Therefore, I move to close it. Radiant_* 08:36, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * That's not at all what it means at all. However, as the process is irreparably flawed, there's no point in keeping this charade open. --SPUI (talk) 09:23, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I disagree. You requested comments, you got comments. If anything's irreparably flawed, it's not the RfC. As Mark Twain said, it will always be true that "nothing needs reforming so much as other people's habits". One thing at a time, S. JRM · Talk 10:47, 2005 Apr 27 (UTC)

Close. The faster we can end this RfC and move on, the better. Sjakkalle 09:01, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Close. I concur. There are sufficient comments and endorsements for all parties involved to have an idea of the consensus in this matter. --Deathphoenix 13:30, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Discussion
All signed comments and talk not related to a vote or endorsement, should be directed to this page's discussion page.

title: User:SPUI/RickK


text:
Alabama Power

Alabama Power Company, headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, is a company in the southern United States that provides electricity service to 1.4 million customers in the southern two-thirds of Alabama. It also operates appliance stores. It is one of four U.S. utilities operated by the Southern Company, one of the nation's largest generators of electricity.

Alabama Power is an investor-owned, tax-paying utility, and the second largest subsidiary of Southern Company. More than 84000 mi of power lines carry electricity to customers throughout a service territory of 44500 sqmi.

Alabama Power's hydroelectric generating plants encompass several lakes on the Tallapoosa, Coosa, and Black Warrior rivers, as well as coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear and cogeneration plants in various parts of the state.

Pollution

In 1999, the United States Environmental Protection Agency commenced an enforcement action against Alabama Power under the Clean Air Act. In 2006, the EPA announced that Alabama Power had agreed to spend more than $200 m to upgrade pollution controls as a partial settlement of this action. The settlement did not include claims regarding five coal-fired plants. Those claims proceeded to trial, and Alabama Power prevailed. However, the Southern Environmental Law Center (SELC) has stated that they intend to appeal the ruling. SELC was involved in a case against Duke Energy that was appealed to the Supreme Court in 2006.

, AP's coal-fired James H. Miller Jr. Electric Generating Plant is the single largest emitter of carbon dioxide in the United States.

Public benefits
In addition to generating electricity, the waters surrounding the plants offer recreational opportunities for Alabama residents and visitors.

The Alabama Power Foundation is a non-profit foundation providing grants for watershed, environmental and community projects along the Coosa River and within the state of Alabama

Allegations of media manipulation
An investigation by National Public Radio and Floodlight News found Alabama Power paid consulting firm Matrix LLC, which in turn allegedly paid newspapers or affiliated groups which ran positive coverage of Alabama Power, namely Yellowhammer News, the Alabama Political Reporter (for which Matrix designed the website), and Alabama Today.

Terry Dunn ran and won a campaign for a seat on the Alabama Public Service Commission promising to hold a formal rate hearing to investigate Alabama Power's financials and why electricity prices in Alabama are among the highest in the country. He alleges a utility company lobbyist warned him to be a team player if he wanted to keep his seat, and that utility-funded newspapers conducted a smear campaign that resulted in Dunn losing the next election and avoided the promised rate hearing.

In 2017, Matrix hired a private investigator to surveil Southern Company CEO Tom Fanning near his home.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Alabama Power


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Hello, I am Jason A Taylor. Don't be shy --- contribute your $0.02 to Wikipedia.

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France at the 1988 Summer Olympics

France competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. 266 competitors, 192 men and 74 women, took part in 167 events in 23 sports.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Archery
In France's fourth appearance in modern Olympic archery, no individual archer made it past the quarterfinal. The women's team made it to the final, placing last there to finish 8th overall, while the men's team was eliminated in the semifinal.

Women's Individual Competition:
 * Catherine Pellen — quarterfinal, 14th place
 * Nathalie Hibon — preliminary round, 28th place
 * Marie-Josée Bazin — preliminary round, 47th place

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Olivier Heck — 1/8 final, 19th place
 * Thierry Venant — preliminary round, 37th place
 * Claude Franclet — preliminary round, 64th place

Women's Team Competition:
 * Pellen, Hibon, and Bazin — final, 8th place

Men's Team Competition:
 * Heck, Venant, and Franclet — semifinal, 10th place

Athletics
Men's 10.000 metres
 * Jean-Louis Prianon
 * First Round — 28:08.38
 * Final — 27:36.43 (→ 4th place)
 * Paul Arpin
 * First Round — 28:25.56
 * Final — 27:39.36 (→ 7th place)

Men's 3.000m Steeplechase
 * Raymond Pannier
 * Heat — 8:30.94
 * Semi Final — 8:19.39
 * Final — 8:23.80 (→ 12th place)
 * Bruno Le Stum
 * Heat — 8:36.95
 * Semi Final — 8:26.69 (→ did not advance)

Men's Javelin Throw
 * Charlus Bertimon
 * Qualification — 70.84m (→ did not advance)
 * Stéphane Laporte
 * Qualification — 69.40m (→ did not advance)
 * Pascal Lefèvre
 * Qualification — 76.42m (→ did not advance)

Men's Discus Throw
 * Patrick Journoud
 * Qualifying Heat — 58.94m (→ did not advance)

Men's Long Jump
 * Norbert Brige
 * Qualification — 8.05m
 * Final — 7.97m (→ 7th place)

Men's Decathlon
 * Christian Plaziat — 8272 points (→ 5th place)
 * 100 metres — 10.83s
 * Long Jump — 7.62m
 * Shot Put — 13.58m
 * High Jump — 2.12m
 * 400 metres — 48.34s
 * 110m Hurdles — 14.18s
 * Discus Throw — 43.06m
 * Pole Vault — 4.90m
 * Javelin Throw — 52.18m
 * 1.500 metres — 4:34.07s

 * Alain Blondel — 8268 points (→ 6th place)
 * 100 metres — 11.02s
 * Long Jump — 7.43m
 * Shot Put — 12.92m
 * High Jump — 1.97m
 * 400 metres — 47.44s
 * 110m Hurdles — 14.40s
 * Discus Throw — 41.20m
 * Pole Vault — 5.20m
 * Javelin Throw — 57.46m
 * 1.500 metres — 4:16.64s

Men's 20 km Walk
 * Martial Fesselier
 * Final — 1:22:43 (→ 16th place)
 * Thierry Toutain
 * Final — 1:22:55 (→ 18th place)

Men's 50 km Walk Women's 4 × 400 m Relay
 * Alain Lemercier
 * Final — 3'50:28 (→ 16th place)
 * Jean-Marie Neff
 * Final — DSQ (→ no ranking)
 * Eric Neisse
 * Final — DSQ (→ no ranking)
 * Fabienne Ficher, Nathalie Simon, Evecyne Elien, and Nadine Debois
 * Heat — 3:29.95
 * Fabienne Ficher, Simon Fabienne, Debois Nathalie, and Elien Nadine
 * Final — 3:29.37 (→ 7th place)

Women's Marathon
 * Françoise Bonnet
 * Final — 2"32:36 (→ 14th place)
 * Maria Rebelo-Lelut
 * Final — 2"33:47 (→ 18th place)
 * Jocelyne Villeton
 * Final — 2"34:02 (→ 19th place)

Women's Javelin Throw
 * Nadine Auzeil
 * Qualification — no mark (→ did not advance)

Women's Heptathlon
 * Chantal Beaugeant
 * Final Result — 2315 points (→ 28th place)

Boxing
Men's Flyweight (— 51 kg)
 * Philippe Desavoye
 * First Round — Bye
 * Second Round — Defeated Anthony Ikegu (KEN), RSC-2
 * Third Round — Lost to Melvin de Leon (DOM), 0:5

Men's Bantamweight (— 54 kg)
 * Jean-Marc Augustin
 * First Round — Lost to Byun Jong-Il (KOR), 0:5

Men's Light Welterweight (— 63.5 kg)
 * Ludovic Proto
 * First Round — Defeated Mpuco Makama (SUA), walk-over
 * Second Round — Defeated Mark Elliott (GBR), RSC-1
 * Third Round — Lost to Vyacheslav Yanovski (URS), 0:5

Men's Welterweight (— 67 kg)
 * Laurent Boudouani → Silver Medal
 * First Round — Bye
 * Second Round — Defeated Imre Bácskai (HUN), 4:1
 * Third Round — Defeated Darren Obah (AUS), 5:0
 * Quarterfinals — Defeated Song Kyung-Sup (KOR), 3:2
 * Semifinals — Defeated Kenneth Gould (USA), 4:1
 * Final — Lost to Robert Wangila (KEN), KO-2

Cycling
Sixteen cyclists, twelve men and four women, represented France in 1988.

 * Men's road race
 * Jean-François Laffillé
 * Claude Carlin
 * Laurent Bezault

 * Men's team time trial
 * Laurent Bezault
 * Eric Heulot
 * Pascal Lance
 * Thierry Laurent

 * Men's sprint
 * Fabrice Colas

 * Men's 1 km time trial
 * Frédéric Magné

 * Men's team pursuit
 * Hervé Dagorné
 * Pascal Lino
 * Didier Pasgrimaud
 * Pascal Potié

 * Men's points race
 * Pascal Lino

 * Women's road race
 * Catherine Marsal
 * Jeannie Longo-Ciprelli
 * Cécile Odin

 * Women's sprint
 * Isabelle Gautheron

Fencing
19 fencers, 14 men and 5 women, represented France in 1988.

 * Men's foil
 * Philippe Omnès
 * Laurent Bel
 * Patrick Groc

 * Men's team foil
 * Laurent Bel, Patrick Groc, Youssef Hocine, Patrice Lhotellier, Philippe Omnès

 * Men's épée
 * Philippe Riboud
 * Éric Srecki
 * Jean-Michel Henry

 * Men's team épée
 * Frédéric Delpla, Jean-Michel Henry, Olivier Lenglet, Philippe Riboud, Éric Srecki

 * Men's sabre
 * Jean-François Lamour
 * Philippe Delrieu
 * Pierre Guichot

 * Men's team sabre
 * Philippe Delrieu, Franck Ducheix, Pierre Guichot, Jean-François Lamour

 * Women's foil
 * Isabelle Spennato
 * Brigitte Latrille-Gaudin
 * Laurence Modaine-Cessac

 * Women's team foil
 * Brigitte Latrille-Gaudin, Gisèle Meygret, Laurence Modaine-Cessac, Nathalie Pallet, Isabelle Spennato

Modern pentathlon
Three male pentathletes represented France in 1988.

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Christophe Ruer — 5242 pts (→ 5th place)
 * Joël Bouzou — 5198 pts (→ 8th place)
 * Bruno Génard — 4828 pts (→ 37th place)

Men's Team Competition:
 * Ruer, Bouzou, and Genard — 15268 pts (→ 4th place)

Swimming
Men's 50 m Freestyle
 * Stéphan Caron
 * Heat — 23.22
 * B-Final — scratched (→ no ranking)
 * Christophe Kalfayan
 * Heat — 23.47
 * B-Final — 23.15 (→ 13th place)

Men's 100 m Freestyle
 * Stéphan Caron
 * Heat — 49.37
 * Final — 49.62 (→ [[Image:Med 3.png|Bronze]] Bronze Medal)
 * Christophe Kalfayan
 * Heat — 51.05 (→ did not advance, 20th place)

Men's 200 m Freestyle
 * Stéphan Caron
 * Heat — 1:49.66
 * B-Final — scratched (→ no ranking)
 * Ludovic Depickère
 * Heat — 1:53.81 (→ did not advance, 35th place)

Men's 400 m Freestyle
 * Franck Iacono
 * Heat — 4:00.04 (→ did not advance, 30th place)

Men's 1500 m Freestyle
 * Christophe Marchand
 * Heat — 15:22.19 (→ did not advance, 12th place)
 * Franck Iacono
 * Heat — 15:22.66 (→ did not advance, 13th place)

Men's 100 m Backstroke
 * Franck Schott
 * Heat — 56.76
 * B-Final — 56.98 (→ 10th place)
 * Renaud Boucher
 * Heat — 58.90 (→ did not advance, 31st place)

Men's 200 m Backstroke
 * David Holderbach
 * Heat — 2:04.83 (→ did not advance, 21st place)

Men's 100 m Breaststroke
 * David Leblanc
 * Heat — 1:04.56 (→ did not advance, 22nd place)
 * Cédric Penicaud
 * Heat — 1:05.46 (→ did not advance, 36th place)

Men's 200 m Breaststroke
 * Cédric Penicaud
 * Heat — 2:18.72
 * B-Final — 2:18.95 (→ 16th place)
 * David Leblanc
 * Heat — DSQ (→ did not advance, no ranking)

Men's 100 m Butterfly
 * Ludovic Depickère
 * Heat — 56.47 (→ did not advance, 27th place)

Men's 200 m Butterfly
 * Christophe Bordeau
 * Heat — 2:01.70
 * B-Final — 2:01.46 (→ 13th place)

Men's 200 m Individual Medley
 * Christophe Bordeau
 * Heat — 2:04.95
 * B-Final — 2:05.51 (→ 12th place)

Men's 400 m Individual Medley
 * Christophe Bordeau
 * Heat — 4:23.46
 * B-Final — 4:23.39 (→ 10th place)
 * Laurent Journet
 * Heat — 4:29.03 (→ did not advance, 18th place)

Men's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay
 * Stéphan Caron, Christophe Kalfayan, Laurent Neuville, and Bruno Gutzeit
 * Heat — 3:21.77
 * Final — 3:20.02 (→ 4th place)

Men's 4 × 200 m Freestyle Relay
 * Stéphan Caron, Michel Pou, Olivier Fougeroud, and Laurent Neuville
 * Heat — 7:23.03
 * Michel Pou, Franck Iacono, Olivier Fougeroud, and Ludovic Depickère
 * Final — 7:24.69 (→ 7th place)

Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay Women's 50 m Freestyle
 * Franck Schott, David Leblanc, Ludovic Depickère, and Bruno Gutzeit
 * Heat — 3:48.64 (→ did not advance, 10th place)
 * Catherine Plewinski
 * Heat — 26.01
 * Final — 25.90 (→ 7th place)

Women's 100 m Freestyle
 * Catherine Plewinski
 * Heat — 55.53
 * Final — 55.49 (→ [[Image:Med 3.png|Bronze]] Bronze Medal)
 * Jacqueline Délord
 * Heat — 58.22 (→ did not advance, 29th place)

Women's 200 m Freestyle
 * Cécile Prunier
 * Heat — 2:01.60
 * Final — 2:02.88 (→ 8th place)

Women's 400 m Freestyle
 * Cécile Prunier
 * Heat — 4:15.63
 * B-Final — 4:21.03 (→ 16th place)

Women's 800 m Freestyle
 * Karyn Faure
 * Heat — 8:41.64 (→ did not advance, 13th place)
 * Cécile Prunier
 * Heat — 8:57.22 (→ did not advance, 24th place)

Women's 100 m Backstroke
 * Laurence Guillou
 * Heat — 1:05.07 (→ did not advance, 20th place)

Women's 200 m Backstroke
 * Christine Magnier
 * Heat — 2:24.15 (→ did not advance, 25th place)

Women's 100 m Breaststroke
 * Pascaline Louvrier
 * Heat — 1:13.21 (→ did not advance, 24th place)
 * Virginie Bojaryn
 * Heat — 1:13.55 (→ did not advance, 26th place)

Women's 200 m Breaststroke
 * Virginie Bojaryn
 * Heat — 2:37.38 (→ did not advance, 22nd place)
 * Pascaline Louvrier
 * Heat — 2:38.75 (→ did not advance, 26th place)

Women's 100 m Butterfly
 * Catherine Plewinski
 * Heat — 59.34
 * Final — 59.58 (→ 4th place)
 * Jacqueline Délord
 * Heat — 1:02.24
 * B-Final — 1:02.45 (→ 11th place)

Women's 200 m Butterfly
 * Claire Supiot
 * Heat — 2:21.65 (→ did not advance, 25th place)

Women's 400 m Individual Medley
 * Christine Magnier
 * Heat — 4:51.91
 * Final — 4:53.29 (→ 14th place)

Women's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay
 * Laurence Guillou, Pascaline Louvrier, Catherine Plewinski, and Jacqueline Délord
 * Heat — 4:16.21 (→ did not advance, 10th place)

Synchronized swimming
Three synchronized swimmers represented France in 1988.

 * Women's solo
 * Muriel Hermine
 * Anne Capron
 * Karine Schuler

 * Women's duet
 * Anne Capron
 * Karine Schuler

Tennis
Women's Singles Competition
 * Catherine Suire
 * First Round — Defeated Yayuk Basuki (Indonesia) 6-3, 3-6, 6-0
 * Second Round — Defeated Jeong-Myung Lee (South Korea) 7-5, 4-6, 7-5
 * Third Round — Lost to Steffi Graf (West Germany) 3-6, 0-6
 * Isabelle Demongeot
 * First Round — Lost to Jana Novotná (Czechoslovakia) 4-6, 3-6
 * Nathalie Tauziat
 * First Round — Defeated Carling Bassett-Seguso (Canada) 7-6, 6-1
 * Second Round — Lost to Catarina Lindqvist (Sweden) 6-2, 3-6, 4-6

Men's team competition

 * Preliminary round (group B)
 * Defeated the Netherlands (3-1)
 * Defeated Tunisia (3-0)
 * Defeated Japan (3-1)
 * Lost to United States (0-3)
 * Defeated Argentina (3-0)
 * Classification Matches
 * 5th/8th place: Lost to Bulgaria (0-3)
 * 7th/8th place: Lost to Sweden (2-3) → 8th place
 * Team roster
 * Philippe Blain
 * Jean-Baptiste Martzluff
 * Herve Mazzon
 * Eric N'Gapeth
 * Eric Bouvier
 * Christophe Meneau
 * Jean-Marc Jurkovitz
 * Laurent Tillie
 * Olivier Rossard
 * Patrick Duflos
 * Alain Fabiani
 * Philippe Salvan
 * Head coach: Eric Daniel

Water polo
Men's Team Competition
 * Preliminary round (group A)
 * Defeated South Korea (16-5)
 * Lost to West Germany (9-10)
 * Lost to Soviet Union (4-18)
 * Lost to Australia (6-7)
 * Lost to Italy (8-14)
 * Classification Round (Group E)
 * Defeated China (11-4)
 * Lost to Greece (7-10) → Tenth place
 * Team roster
 * Arnaud Bouet
 * Marc Brisfer
 * Marc Crousillat
 * Pierre Garsau
 * Bruno Boyadjian
 * Philippe Herve
 * Michel Idoux
 * Thierry Alimondo
 * Michel Crousillat
 * Nicolas Marischael
 * Nicolas Jeleff
 * Pascal Perot
 * Christian Volpi
 * Head coach: Jean Paul Clemencon

Weightlifting
First-heavyweight 90–100 kg
 * Francis Tournefier — 5th place, 385.0 kg (170.0 kg/ 215.0 kg)

title: France at the 1988 Summer Olympics


text:
Alandroal

Alandroal is a municipality in the Portuguese district of Évora located on the eastern frontier with Spain along the right margin of the Guadiana River in the Central Alentejo region. It is located 341 m above sea level, northeast of Évora and southeast of Estremoz. The population in 2011 was 5,843, in an area of 542.68 km2.

History
With the completion of the castle in 1298, by Lourenço Afonso (9th Master of the Order of Aviz), the noble fulfilled his obligation to King Denis of Portugal to expand the territory that would form Alandroal. By 1359, the church of Alandroal was incorporated under the commander of the Order of Avis, but it was only a century later (1486) that John II would issue a foral (charter) for the town. Alandroal was elevated to town at this time, while only including the parish of Nossa Senhora da Conceição. A second foral was conceded in 1514 by his successor, Manuel I of Portugal.

Alandroal's historic importance include the medieval structures during the early period of Christian conquest, including the Castle of Alandroal (whose main gate was flanked by two towers); the Castle of Terena, consisting of wall-enclosed courtyard, keep and towers; the fortress of Juromenha, whose balusters were constructed later during the Portuguese Restoration War, but whose proximity to the Guadiana frontier provided a natural buttress to Castilian influence in the region.

The lands at the time, flowered with Nerium oleander shrubs and trees, whose wood was used by local artisans. Its Portuguese toponymy oleandro gave rise to the name aloendros or alandros, eventually alandroal.

The sanctuary of Nossa Senhora da Assunção da Boa Nova, apart from its religious importance, is of national importance. In 1340, the Moors had invaded from Andaluzia, resulting in an alliance between Alfonso XI of Castile and his father-in-law, Afonso IV of Portugal, that culminated in the Battle of Río Salado. In honor of their assistance during the Marinid invasion, Maria of Portugal, Queen of Castile ordered the construction of the Gothic church to commemorate their victory.

In the 16th century the old Gothic church was substituted but the current parochial church in Alandroal. At the same time, the hermitage of Nossa Senhora das Neves, in the older lands of Mata, then known as Nossa Senhora das Hervas, received annual festivals on 5 August. Similarly, the brotherhood of the Misercórdia was probably established this century, constructing the primitive temple for those religious services.

On 14 January 1659, a gunpowder warehouse exploded, causing the deaths of various residents, but primarily university students from Évora (under the authority of Father Francisco Soares), who were dispatched to Alandroal while the main Portuguese army fought in the Battle of the Lines of Elvas.

The effects of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake resulted in destruction of various buildings.

By the second half of the 18th century, a decision of the Council of State to King Joseph I permitted the construction of a new municipal building for Alandroal, for which were acquired furniture from local and awnings for the market.

During the 19th Century territories of the older municipalities of Terena and Juromenha where annexed to Alandroal. The community of Villarreal, situated in the municipality of Olivença was once a part of the antique administration of Juromenha.

Geography
The municipality is delimited in the north by Vila Viçosa, east by the Guadiana River and Spanish border, south by Mourão and Reguengos de Monsaraz, and west by the municipality of Redondo. Alandroal is one of three towns defined within the municipality of the same name, and includes the vilas of Terena and Juromenha.

The morphology of Alandroal is marked by a gently rolling relief with a minimum of 500 m altitude, with exceptions to this including Patinhas, 351 m and Castelo mountain 638 m. The Alqueva Dam, along the Guadiana River, is located in this territory, with major confluences including the Ribeira de Alcalate and Ribeira do Alandroal just the principal water resources.

The climate of Alandroal is a markedly Mediterranean temperament, characterized by a dry climate that is accentuated in the summer. Precipitation in the region hovers between 500 mm between October and March, and 170 mm, during the dry season, which is irregular.

The municipality covers approximately 544.86 km2 and has 6585 inhabitants (based on the 2001 census).

Parishes
The municipality is subdivided into four civil parishes:
 * Alandroal (Nossa Senhora da Conceição), São Brás dos Matos (Mina do Bugalho) e Juromenha (Nossa Senhora do Loreto)
 * Capelins (Santo António)
 * Santiago Maior
 * Terena (São Pedro)

The city of Alandroal is one of three towns in the municipality, along with Terena and Juromenha.

Economy
The municipality's economic activities are connected to the primary and secondary sectors primarily. Agriculture continues to be important, with the cultivation of cereals, foraging and industrial plants, such as olive orchards dominating the rural landscape. The raising of livestock, namely poultry, swine and cattle, also draws on local resources, while 36.3% (or 1711 hectares) of the territory is covered in forests, allowing a nascent saw-milling and carpentry industry.

Prehistoric

 * Castro of Castelo Velho (Castro de Castelo Velho), a fortified settlement situated over the Rio Lucefecit associated with metallurgical activities during the Chalolithic era, that includes several structures and short wall. The site had human settlement since the Bronze Age until the Moorish occupation, but little information on events leading to its abandon.
 * Fortified settlement/sanctuary of Endovelicus (Povoado fortificado e Santuário de Endovélico)

Civic

 * Farmers Guild of Alandroal (Grémio de Lavoura do Alandroal)
 * Fountain of Praça (Fonte das Bicas/Fonte Monumental da Praça/Fonte da Praça)
 * Great Mill of São Brás dos Matos (Azenha Grande de São Brás dos Matos)
 * Mill of Azenhas d'el Rei (Moinho das Azenhas d'el Rei)
 * Municipal Hall of Alandroal (Paços do Concelho de Alandroal)
 * Municipal Hall of Terena (Edifício dos Paços do Concelho de Terena/Celeiro Comum/Hospital da Misericórdia)
 * Old Bridge of Terena (over the Ribeira de Lucefécit) (Ponte Velha de Terena sobre a Ribeira de Lucefécit)
 * Pillory of Alandroal (Pelourinho de Alandroal)
 * Pillory of Juromenha (Pelourinho da Juromenha)
 * Pillory of Terena (Pelourinho de Terena)
 * Spring of the Misericórdia (Fonte da Misericórdia)

Military

 * Castle of Alandroal (Castelo de Alandroal), is a castle constructed during the reign of King D. Denis, dated 6 February 1294; its cornerstone was laid-down by Lourenço Afonso, 9th Master of the Order of Avis;
 * Castle of Terena (Castelo de Terena), Gil Martins and his wife, D. Maria João were responsible for its founding in 1262, to support the interests of King D. Denis to consolidate his kingdom's frontiers;
 * Fortress of Juromenha (Fortaleza de Juromenha)

Religious

 * Chapel of Santo António (Capela de Santp António)
 * Chapel of São Sebastião (Capela de São Sebastião)
 * Church of Nossa Senhora da Conceição (Igreja Matriz do Alandroal/Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Conceição)
 * Church of Nossa Senhora do Loreto (Igreja Paroquial de Juromenha/Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Loreto)
 * Church of Santo António (Igreja Paroquial de Capelins/Igreja de Santo António)
 * Church of São Brás (Igreja Paroquial de São Brás dos Matos/Igreja de São Brás)
 * Church of São Francisco de Assissi (Igreja de São Francisco de Assissi)
 * Church of São Pedro (Igreja Paroquial de Terena/Igreja de São Pedro)
 * Church of São Tigao (Igreja Paroquial de Santiago Maior/Igreja de São Tiago)
 * Church of the Misericórdia of Alandroal (Igreja e Hospital da Misericórdia do Alandroal)
 * Church of the Misericórdia of Juromenha (Igreja da Misericórdia da Juromenha)
 * Church of the Misericórdia of Terena (Igreja da Misericórdia de Terena)
 * Hermitage of Nossa Senhora da Consolação (Ermida de Nossa Senhora da Consolação)
 * Hermitage of Nossa Senhora da Vitória (Ermida de Nossa Senhora da Vitória)
 * Hermitage of Nossa Senhora das Neves (Ermida de Nossa Senhora das Neves)
 * Hermitage of Santa Clara (Ermida da Santa Clara)
 * Hermitage of Santo Amaro (Ermida de Santo Amaro)
 * Hermitage of Santo António (Ermida de Santo António)
 * Hermitage of São Bento (Ermida de São Bento)
 * Hermitage of São Pedro (Ermida de São Pedro)
 * Hermitage of São Sebastião (Ermida de São Sebastião)
 * Hermitage/Shelter of Santa Marina (Ermida e Albergaria de Santa Marina/Ermida e Albergaria de Nossa Senhora da Fonte Santa)
 * Hospice/Hermitage of Nossa Senhora da Saúde (Hospício e Ermida de Nossa Senhora da Saúde)
 * Sanctuary of Nossa Senhora da Assunção da Boa Nova (Santuário de Nossa Senhora da Assunção da Boa Nova/Capela da Boa-Nova), the fortified Gothic sanctuary/church was founded in 1340 by D. Maria, wife of Alfonso XI Castilo and daughter of Afonso V of Portugal, after the victory at the Battle of Salado using a Greek cruciform plan. In 1700, it was remodelled by commander Luís Lencastre, followed later in the 18th century by the construction of two collateral altars, while maintaining the vaulted ceilings, itself painted in murals consisting of 20 rectangular images depicting the bible themes from the apocalypse of Saint John, and representations of the monarchs of the first dynasty;
 * Way of the Cross (Passos do Senhor)

Culture
Popular and religious festivals in the municipality include the annual pilgrimage to the sanctuary of Nossa Senhora da Boa Nova in Terena, during the Easter Sunday; the fair of São Bento, on 15 April; and the fair in Juromenha, on 10 August.

Local artisans are also proficient in working with cork, nerium woods and schist stone.

Notable citizens

 * Fernão Lopes (c. 1385 – after 1459) a Portuguese chronicler appointed by King Edward of Portugal
 * Diogo Lopes de Sequeira (c. 1465 - c. 1530), was Portuguese fidalgo, Governor of India (1518–1522)

title: Alandroal


text:
Subhash Ghai

Subhash Ghai (born 24 January 1945) is an Indian film director, producer, actor, lyricist, music director and screenwriter, known for his works predominantly in Hindi cinema. He was one of the most prominent and successful filmmakers of Hindi cinema throughout 80s and 90s. His most notable works include Kalicharan (1976), Vishwanath (1978), Karz (1980), Hero (1983), Vidhaata (1982), Meri Jung (1985), Karma (1986), Ram Lakhan (1989), Saudagar (1991), Khalnayak (1993), Pardes (1997) and Taal (1999).

In 1982, he started Mukta Arts Private Limited which, in 2000, became a public company, with Subhash Ghai as its executive chairman. In 2006, he received the National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues for producing the social problem film Iqbal. The same year he founded the Whistling Woods International film and media institution in Mumbai. In 2015, he received the IIFA Award for Outstanding Contribution to Indian Cinema. His films are known for their iconic characters, grand and epic sets and climaxes, and themes of divine justice or duty. The vast majority of his movies are considered iconic or classics by most Indians, leading to their immense popularity on Television and YouTube.

Early life
Born in Nagpur, India, Subhash Ghai's father was a dentist in Delhi. Ghai graduated in commerce from Rohtak, Haryana, and then went to pursue graduation in Cinema from the Film and Television Institute of India, Pune.

Career
In an interview with Rajya Sabha TV, Ghai recounted that after graduated from FTII, he came to Bombay, but was not allowed to enter any studio as he was unknown. He then read self help books like Dale Carnegie's How to Win friends and influence people, and used techniques given in it to help him try and enter the film industry. At the same time, he learnt of and entered a United Producers Filmfare talent contest. Of the 5,000 participants, three people were selected in it, he, Rajesh Khanna and Dheeraj Kumar. While Khanna received a role soon after, Ghai received a role a year later.

Ghai started his career in Hindi cinema as an actor with small roles in films including Taqdeer (1967) and Aradhana (1969). He was the male lead in the 1970s Umang and Gumraah. His directorial debut was the action thriller Kalicharan (1976) which he obtained through a recommendation by Shatrughan Sinha.

In the 1980s and 1990s, he formed a successful collaboration with Dilip Kumar whom he directed in Vidhaata (1982), Karma (1986) and Saudagar (1991), the latter for which he won his first and only Filmfare Award for Best Director. He introduced Jackie Shroff as a leading actor in the action romance Hero (1983) and helped establish Anil Kapoor's rising career with the legal drama Meri Jung (1985). He went on to frequently work with Shroff and Kapoor, casting them together in the films Karma (1986), Ram Lakhan (1989) and Trimurti (1995), the latter which he had produced and it was directed by Mukul S. Anand. His action crime film Khalnayak starring Sanjay Dutt, Madhuri Dixit and Shroff featured the hit songs "Nayak Nahin Khalnayak Hu Main" and the controversial "Choli Ke Peeche Kya Hai".

In 1997, he directed the musical romance Pardes which starred Shahrukh Khan and newcomers Mahima Chaudhry and Apoorva Agnihotri. In 1999, he directed the musical romantic drama Taal which starred Aishwarya Rai, Akshaye Khanna and Anil Kapoor. Both Pardes and Taal were released internationally. His following films were Yaadein (2001) and Kisna (2005). He then took a break from directing and turned producer with films including Aitraaz (2004), Iqbal (2005), 36 China Town (2006) and Apna Sapna Money Money (2006). In 2006, he set up his own film institute Whistling Woods International in Mumbai. The institute trains students in filmmaking: production, direction, cinematography, acting, animation. Ghai has done brief cameos in his directorial ventures.

After a three-year hiatus from directing, he returned in 2008 with Black & White released on 7 March 2008 and, later Yuvvraaj released in November 2008 with collaboration Yash Singhaniya (award-winning journalist and writer). which did not perform well at the box office. A. R. Rahman stated in an interview that Ghai had asked him to use the words "Jai Ho" in a song. Although intended for Yuvraaj, the song resulted in Jai Ho!, featured in Slumdog Millionaire (2008) and won the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 81st Academy Awards.

At the Cannes International Film Festival in May 2018, Ghai announced that he is co-producing a biopic on Osho Rajneesh along with an Italian production house. The movie would be directed by Lakshen Sucameli.

, he has written and directed a total of 16 movies.

Advisor
Currently, he is also on the Board of Advisors of India's International Movement to Unite Nations (I.I.M.U.N.).

Personal life
In 1970, Ghai married a woman from Pune named Rehana, later known as Mukta. Today, he lives in Mumbai with his wife, Mukta Ghai and daughters, Meghna Ghai Puri and Muskaan Ghai. Meghna Ghai Puri is the President of Whistling Woods International Institute.

Controversies
In 2018, Subhash Ghai was accused of sexual assault by an anonymous woman. The victim, who used to be an assistant of Subash Ghai alleged that he raped her at Fariyas hotel, Lonavala after spiking her drinks with drugs. No Criminal case or FIR was registered in this matter while Ghai denied it strongly, calling it false.

title: Subhash Ghai


text: User talk:71.96.69.185

title: User talk:71.96.69.185


text:
R21 (New York City Subway car)

The R21 was a New York City Subway car built by St. Louis Car Company from 1956 to 1957 for the IRT A Division. A total of 250 cars were built, arranged as single units. Two versions were manufactured: Westinghouse (WH)-powered cars and General Electric (GE)-powered cars.

The first R21s entered service on November 7, 1956. The R21s were replaced by the R62As in the 1980s, and the final train of R21s ran on December 30, 1987. Four R21 cars were preserved, while the rest were scrapped.

Description
The R21s were numbered 7050–7299. They were similar to the R17s, except that they featured windows of a slightly different design. The cab doors were mounted the same way as the newer R62 and R62A subway cars; however, this was not repeated on the next order for R22 subway cars, which reverted to the normally mounted cab doors.

There were two versions of the R21: Westinghouse Electric-powered cars (7050–7174) and General Electric-powered cars (7175–7299).

History
The first set of R21s was placed in service on the train on November 7, 1956, replacing most of the IRT "high-voltage" type cars. They ran in service for most of their service lives on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line, but some cars were sent to the IRT Lexington Avenue Line in later years.

Retirement
The R62A fleet started replacing the R21s in the 1980s, and their final day in revenue service was on December 30, 1987.

The majority of the fleet was scrapped, but some R21s have been set aside for preservation over the years, including:
 * 7194 – converted to R95 revenue collection car 0R714. The car was retired in 2006 and is now preserved by the New York Transit Museum. This car is currently the only operating R21 on MTA property.
 * 7203 – rebuilt as the "money train" in the 1995 American crime thriller film Money Train by Columbia Pictures, and given the car number designation 51050. After production, this car was donated to the New York Transit Museum. It is currently in storage at the Coney Island Complex.

As of 2016, two other R21s survive as work cars, including:
 * 7121 – converted to R71 hose reach car P7121 and overhauled under the R159 program.
 * 7287 – converted to R71 de-icer car RD345 and overhauled under the R159 program. This car is currently located at the Westchester Yard.

Car 7267 (renumbered G7267) is currently at Concourse Yard coupled up to R17 6895 (renumbered 36895) and is classified as a garbage motor. The mechanical condition of 7267 is unknown, and both cars have not been moved since 2002. In 2009, both cars were stripped of parts, such as sash windows and rollsigns, and are now awaiting scrapping.

Cars 7234, 7241, 7269, 7276, and 7287 were converted to R71 rider cars after retirement, but were replaced with R161s (R33s converted to rider cars) in the mid-2000s and eventually reefed.

Cars 7055, 7210, 7211, 7243, 7278, 7289, and 7296 were converted to R123 continuous welded rail holder cars for set CCR and overhauled under the R128 program, but were replaced with R157 flat cars in the 2010s and eventually scrapped.

title: R21 (New York City Subway car)


text:
Australia at the 1988 Summer Olympics

Australia competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. 252 competitors, 180 men and 72 women, took part in 145 events in 24 sports. Australian athletes have competed in every Summer Olympic Games of the modern era.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Archery
In the fifth Olympic archery competition that Australia contested, the nation sent only men. They were not successful, with Simon Fairweather's 16th place the best ranking any individual received. The Australians did not qualify for the team semifinal.

Men

Men's Competition
Men's 200m
 * Mark Garner
 * Heat – 21.09
 * Quarterfinals – 21.08 (→ did not advance, 26th place)

Men's 400m
 * Robert Stone
 * Heat – 46.52
 * Quarterfinals – 46.04 (→ did not advance, 25th place)
 * Miles Murphy
 * Heat – 46.38
 * Quarterfinals – 45.93 (→ did not advance, 23rd place)

Men's 1,500m
 * Pat Scammel
 * Heat – 3:45.21 (→ did not advance, 35th place)

Men's 5,000m
 * Andrew Lloyd
 * Heat – 13:47.87
 * Semifinals – 13:42.49 (→ did not advance, 24th place)

Men's 10,000m
 * Andrew Lloyd
 * Heat – did not finish (→ did not advance, no ranking)

Men's Marathon
 * Steve Moneghetti
 * Final – 2"11.49 (→ 5th place)
 * Robert De Castella
 * Final – 2"13.07 (→ 8th place)
 * Bradley Camp
 * Final – 2"23.49 (→ 41st place)

Men's 4 × 400 m Relay
 * Robert Ballard, Mark Garner, Leigh Miller, and Miles Murphy
 * Heat – 3:05.93
 * Miles Murphy, Mark Garner, Robert Ballard, and Darren Clark
 * Semi-final – 3:06.63
 * Robert Ballard, Mark Garner, Miles Murphy, and Darren Clark
 * Final – 3:02.49 (→ 6th place)

Men's 400m Hurdles
 * Leigh Miller
 * Heat – 50.53 (→ did not advance, 21st place)

Men's Long Jump
 * David Culbert
 * Qualification – 7.64m (→ did not advance)

Men's Decathlon
 * Simon Shirley – 8036 points (→ 15th place)
 * 100 metres – 11.03s
 * Long Jump – 7.45m
 * Shot Put – 14.20m
 * High Jump – 1.97m
 * 400 metres – 48.84s
 * 110m Hurdles – 15.44s
 * Discus Throw – 41.68m
 * Pole Vault – 4.70m
 * Javelin Throw – 64.00m
 * 1.500 metres – 4:27.48s

Men's 20 km Walk
 * Simon Baker
 * Final – 1:21:47.0 (→ 11th place)
 * Andrew Jachno
 * Final – 1:24:52.0 (→ 28th place)

Men's 50 km Walk
 * Simon Baker
 * Final – 3:44:07.0 (→ 6th place)
 * Andrew Jachno
 * Final – 3:53:23.0 (→ 19th place)

Men's Discus Throw
 * Werner Reiterer
 * Qualification – 59.78m (→ did not advance, 15th place)

Women's Competition
Women's 100m
 * Kerry Johnson
 * Heat – 11.44
 * Quarterfinals – 11.42 (→ did not advance, 24th place)

Women's 200m
 * Kerry Johnson
 * Heat – 23.20
 * Quarterfinals – 23.01 (→ did not advance, 18th place)

Women's 400m
 * Maree Holland
 * Heat – 52.29
 * Quarterfinals – 50.90
 * Semifinals – 50.24
 * Final – 51.25 (→ 8th place)

Women's 3,000m
 * Jackie Perkins
 * Heat – 9:01.82 (→ did not advance, 22nd place)

Women's 10,000m
 * Carolyn Schuwalow
 * Heat – 32:10.05
 * Final – 32:45.07 (→ 17th place)
 * Jackie Perkins
 * Heat – 33:45.22 (→ did not advance, 31st place)

Women's 4 × 400 m Relay
 * Debbie Flintoff-King, Maree Holland, Kerry Johnson, and Jenny Laurendet
 * Heat – did not start (→ no ranking)

Women's Marathon
 * Lisa Martin
 * Final – 2:25:53 (→ [[Image:Med 2.png]] Silver Medal)

Women's 100m Hurdles
 * Jane Flemming
 * Heat – 13.53
 * Quarterfinals – did not start (→ did not advance, no ranking)

Women's 400m Hurdles
 * Debbie Flintoff-King
 * Heat – 54.99
 * Semifinals – 54.00
 * Final – 53.17 (→ [[Image:Med 1.png]] Gold Medal)
 * Sally Fleming
 * Heat – 56.08 (→ did not advance, 19th place)
 * Jenny Laurendet
 * Heat – 56.44 (→ did not advance, 21st place)

Women's High Jump
 * Christine Stanton
 * Qualification – 1.92m
 * Final – 1.93m (→ 7th place)
 * Vanessa Browne
 * Qualification – 1.90m (→ did not advance, 13th place)

Women's Long Jump
 * Nicole Boegman
 * Qualification – 6.72m
 * Final – 6.73m (→ 5th place)

Women's Heptathlon
 * Jane Flemming
 * final result – 6351 points (→ 7th place)

Basketball

 * Summary

Men's tournament

 * Team roster

 * Group play

 * Quarterfinals

 * Semifinals

 * Bronze medal match

Women's tournament

 * Team roster

 * Group play

 * Semifinals

 * Bronze medal match

Cycling
Seventeen cyclists, thirteen men and four women, represented Australia in 1988.

 * Men's road race
 * Edward Salas
 * Stephen Fairless
 * Scott Steward

 * Men's team time trial
 * Stephen Fairless
 * Bruce Keech
 * Clayton Stevenson
 * Scott Steward

 * Men's sprint
 * Gary Neiwand

 * Men's 1 km time trial
 * Martin Vinnicombe

 * Men's individual pursuit
 * Dean Woods

 * Men's team pursuit
 * Brett Dutton
 * Wayne McCarney
 * Stephen McGlede
 * Dean Woods
 * Scott McGrory

 * Men's points race
 * Robert Burns

 * Women's road race
 * Elizabeth Hepple – 2:00:52 (→ 22nd place)
 * Donna Gould – 2:00:52 (→ 27th place)
 * Kathleen Shannon – 2:00:52 (→ 29th place)

 * Women's sprint
 * Julie Speight

Fencing
Two fencers, one man and one woman, represented Australia in 1988.

 * Men's foil
 * Robert Davidson

 * Men's épée
 * Robert Davidson

 * Women's foil
 * Andrea Chaplin

Men's team competition

 * Preliminary round (Group A)
 * Australia – Kenya 7–1
 * Australia – Argentina 4–0
 * Australia – Netherlands 3–2
 * Australia – Pakistan 4–0
 * Australia – Spain 1–0
 * Semi-finals
 * Australia – Great Britain 2–3
 * Bronze Medal Game
 * Australia – Netherlands 1–2 (→ Fourth place)
 * Team Roster
 * ( 1.) Craig Davies (captain)
 * ( 2.) Colin Batch
 * ( 3.) John Bestall
 * ( 4.) Warren Birmingham
 * ( 5.) Ric Charlesworth
 * ( 6.) Andrew Deane
 * ( 7.) Michael York
 * ( 8.) Mark Hager
 * ( 9.) Jay Stacy
 * (10.) Neil Hawgood
 * (11.) Peter Noel (goalkeeper)
 * (12.) Graham Reid
 * (13.) Roger Smith
 * (14.) Neil Snowden (goalkeeper)
 * (15.) David Wansbrough
 * (16.) Ken Wark
 * Head coach: Richard Aggiss

Women's team competition

 * Preliminary round (Group B)
 * Australia – Canada 1–1
 * Australia – West Germany 1–0
 * Australia – South Korea 5–5
 * Semi-finals
 * Australia – The Netherlands 3–2
 * Final
 * Australia – South Korea 2–0 (→ Gold Medal)
 * Team Roster
 * ( 1.) Kathleen Partridge (goalkeeper)
 * ( 2.) Elsbeth Clement
 * ( 3.) Liane Tooth
 * ( 4.) Loretta Dorman
 * ( 5.) Lorraine Hillas
 * ( 6.) Michelle Capes
 * ( 7.) Sandra Pisani
 * ( 8.) Deborah Bowman (captain)
 * ( 9.) Lee Capes
 * (10.) Kim Small
 * (11.) Sally Carbon
 * (12.) Jackie Pereira
 * (13.) Tracey Belbin
 * (14.) Rechelle Hawkes
 * (15.) Sharon Buchanan
 * (16.) Maree Fish (goalkeeper)
 * Head coach: Brian Glencross

Modern pentathlon
One male pentathlete represented Australia in 1988.

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Alexander Watson – 0 pt, 64th place

Men's team competition:
 * Watson – 0 pt, 64th place

Rowing

 * Ion Popa

Swimming
Men's 50 m Freestyle
 * Andrew Baildon
 * Heat – 22.99
 * Final – 23.15 (→ 8th place)
 * Tom Stachewicz
 * Heat – 23.72 (→ did not advance, 27th place)

Men's 100 m Freestyle
 * Andrew Baildon
 * Heat – 50.34
 * Final – 50.23 (→ 6th place)
 * Tom Stachewicz
 * Heat – 50.90
 * B-Final – 50.71 (→ 9th place)

Men's 200 m Freestyle
 * Duncan Armstrong
 * Heat – 1:48.86
 * Final – 1:47.25 (→ [[Image:Med 1.png|Gold]] Gold Medal)
 * Tom Stachewicz
 * Heat – 1:51.02
 * B-Final – 1:50.83 (→ 11th place)

Men's 400 m Freestyle
 * Duncan Armstrong
 * Heat – 3:50.64
 * Final – 3:47.15 (→ [[Image:Med 2.png|Silver]] Silver Medal)
 * Ian Brown
 * Heat – 3:51.09
 * B-Final – 3:54.63 (→ 13th place)

Men's 1500 m Freestyle
 * Michael Bruce McKenzie
 * Heat – 15:19.36 (→ did not advance, 11th place)
 * Jason Plummer
 * Heat – 15:22.85 (→ did not advance, 14th place)

Men's 100 m Backstroke
 * Carl Wilson
 * Heat – 58.40 (→ did not advance, 27th place)
 * Simon Upton
 * Heat – 59.06 (→ did not advance, 32nd place)

Men's 200 m Backstroke
 * Simon Upton
 * Heat – 2:05.08 (→ did not advance, 22nd place)

Men's 100 m Breaststroke
 * Ian McAdam
 * Heat – 1:04.56 (→ did not advance, 22nd place)

Men's 200 m Breaststroke
 * Ian McAdam
 * Heat – 2:19.68 (→ did not advance, 21st place)

Men's 100 m Butterfly
 * Jon Sieben
 * Heat – 53.85
 * Final – 53.33 (→ 4th place)
 * David Wilson
 * Heat – 55.54 (→ did not advance, 20th place)

Men's 200 m Butterfly
 * David Wilson
 * Heat – 1:59.02
 * Final – 1:59.20 (→ 6th place)
 * Martin Roberts
 * Heat – 2:00.32
 * B-Final – 2:04.28 (→ 16th place)

Men's 200 m Individual Medley
 * Robert Bruce
 * Heat – 2:04.31
 * Final – 2:04.34 (→ 6th place)
 * Rob Woodhouse
 * Heat 8 – 2:05.87 (→ did not advance, 17th place)

Men's 400 m Individual Medley
 * Robert Bruce
 * Heat – 4:25.15
 * B-Final – 4:24.33 (→ 11th place)
 * Rob Woodhouse
 * Heat 5 – 4:25.60
 * B-Final – 4:26.14 (→ 14th place)

Men's 4 × 200 m Freestyle Relay
 * Jason Plummer, Ian Brown, Martin Roberts, and Tom Stachewicz
 * Heat – 7:21.46
 * Tom Stachewicz, Ian Brown, Jason Plummer, and Duncan Armstrong
 * Final – 7:15.23 (→ 4th place)

Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay Women's 50 m Freestyle
 * Carl Wilson, Ian McAdam, Jon Sieben, and Andrew Baildon
 * Heat – 3:47.40
 * Final – 3:45.85 (→ 6th place)
 * Karen van Wirdum
 * Heat – 26.12
 * Final – 26.01 (→ 8th place)

Women's 100 m Freestyle
 * Karen van Wirdum
 * Heat – 56.84
 * B-Final – 57.04 (→ 14th place)
 * Susanne Baumer
 * Heat – 57.76 (→ did not advance, 22nd place)

Women's 200 m Freestyle
 * Sheridan Burge-Lopez
 * Heat – 2:03.42 (→ did not advance, 20th place)
 * Susanne Baumer
 * Heat – 2:04.82 (→ did not advance, 26th place)

Women's 400 m Freestyle
 * Janelle Elford
 * Heat – 4:11.07
 * Final – 4:10.64 (→ 5th place)
 * Sheridan Burge-Lopez
 * Heat – 4:12.77
 * B-Final – 4:10.21 (→ 9th place)

Women's 800 m Freestyle
 * Julie McDonald
 * Heat – 8:29.68
 * Final – 8:22.93 (→ [[Image:Med 3.png|Bronze]] Bronze Medal)
 * Janelle Elford
 * Heat – 8:32.14
 * B-Final – 8:30.94 (→ 6th place)

Women's 100 m Backstroke
 * Nicole Livingstone
 * Heat – 1:03.26
 * Final – 1:04.15 (→ 7th place)
 * Karen Lord
 * Heat – 1:04.69 (→ did not advance, 16th place)

Women's 200 m Backstroke
 * Nicole Livingstone
 * Heat – 2:14.81
 * Final – 2:13.43 (→ 5th place)
 * Karen Lord
 * Heat – 2:16.94 (→ did not advance, 16th place)
 * B-Final – 2:18.78 (→ 14th place)

Women's 100 m Breaststroke
 * Lara Hooiveld
 * Heat – 1:11.40
 * B-Final – 1:11.26 (→ 15th place)

Women's 200 m Breaststroke
 * Lara Hooiveld
 * Heat – 2:39.97 (→ did not advance, 30th place)

Women's 100 m Butterfly
 * Fiona Alessandri
 * Heat – 1:01.90
 * B-Final – 1:02.51 (→ 13th place)

Women's 200 m Butterfly
 * Donna Procter
 * Heat – 2:18.17 (→ did not advance, 17th place)

Women's 200 m Individual Medley
 * Jodie Clatworthy
 * Heat – 2:17.29
 * Final – 2:16.31 (→ 4th place)
 * Donna Procter
 * Heat – 2:21.79 (→ 19th place)

Women's 400 m Individual Medley
 * Jodie Clatworthy
 * Heat – 4:44.26
 * Final – 4:45.86 (→ 6th place)
 * Donna Procter
 * Heat – 4:47.57
 * Final – 4:47.51 (→ 8th place)

Women's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay
 * Nicole Livingstone, Lara Hooiveld, Fiona Alessandri and Karen van Wirdum
 * Heat – 4:14.32
 * Final – 4:11.57 (→ 4th place)

Synchronized swimming
Two synchronized swimmers represented Australia in 1988.

 * Women's solo
 * Lisa Lieschke
 * Semon Rohloff

 * Women's duet
 * Lisa Lieschke
 * Semon Rohloff

Tennis
Men's Singles Competition
 * John Fitzgerald
 * First round – Lost to Grant Connell (Canada) 6-6 6-4 2-6 2-6
 * Wally Masur
 * First round – Defeated Luiz Mattar (Brazil) 6-4 6-4 4-6 6-7 6-4
 * Second round – Lost to Carl-Uwe Steeb (West Germany) 3-6 7-5 3-6 6-1 5-7

Men's Doubles Competition Women's Singles Competition
 * Darren Cahill and John Fitzgerald
 * First round – Defeated Anastasios Bavelas and George Kalovelonis (Greece) 6-2 4-6 6-1 6-1
 * Second round – Defeated Bruce Derlin and Kelly Evernden (New Zealand) 6-7 6-4 6-2 3-6 6-1
 * Quarterfinals – Lost to Stefan Edberg and Anders Järryd (Sweden) 3-6 4-6 3-6
 * Anne Minter
 * First round – Defeated Xochitl Escobedo (Mexico) 6-1 6-3
 * Second round – Lost to Natasha Zvereva (Soviet Union) 4-6 6-3 1-6
 * Elizabeth Smylie
 * First round – Lost to Raffaella Reggi (Italy) 6-7 0-6
 * Wendy Turnbull
 * First round – Defeated Clare Wood (Great Britain) 6-1 6-3
 * Second round – Lost to Natasha Zvereva (Soviet Union) 4-6 6-3 1-6

Water polo
Men's team competition
 * Preliminary round (Group A)
 * Lost to West Germany (11-13)
 * Lost to Soviet Union (4-11)
 * Lost to Italy (5-7)
 * Defeated France (7-6)
 * Defeated South Korea (13-2)
 * Classification Round (Group D)
 * Defeated Spain (8-7)
 * Lost to Hungary (5-13) → 8th place
 * Team Roster
 * Glenn Townsend
 * Richard Pengelley
 * Christopher Harrison
 * Troy Stockwell
 * Andrew Wightman
 * Andrew Kerr
 * Raymond Mayers
 * Geoffrey Clark
 * John Fox
 * Christopher Wybrow
 * Simon Asher
 * Andrew Taylor
 * Donald Cameron
 * Head coach: Tom Hoad

title: Australia at the 1988 Summer Olympics


text:
Taal (film)

Taal is a 1999 Indian Hindi language musical romantic drama film co written, edited, produced and directed by Subhash Ghai. The film stars Aishwarya Rai, Akshaye Khanna and Anil Kapoor in lead roles, while Amrish Puri and Alok Nath feature in supporting roles. It was also dubbed in Tamil as Thaalam. Taal was premiered at the Chicago International Film Festival, the "official selection" at the 2005 Ebertfest: Roger Ebert's Film Festival, and retrospectively at the 45th IFFI in the Celebrating Dance in Indian cinema section.

Taal released on 13 August 1999, coinciding with the Indian Independence Day weekend, and proved to be a major commercial success at the domestic and overseas box-office, becoming the first Indian film to reach the Top 20 on Variety's box-office list. The film received widespread critical acclaim upon release, with major praise directed towards the direction, story, screenplay, dialogues, soundtrack, costumes, choreography and performances of the cast.

At the 45th Filmfare Awards, Taal received 12 nominations, including Best Film, Best Director (Ghai) and Best Actress (Rai), and won 6 awards, including Best Supporting Actor (Kapoor), Best Music Director (Rahman) and Best Lyricist (Anand Bakshi for "Ishq Bina").

Plot
Tycoon Jagmohan Mehta arrives in Chamba, India for a long vacation with his extended family, including his son, Manav. He meets Mansi, the beautiful daughter of an impoverished folk singer, Tara Shankar Manhuja. As the owner of the Mehta & Mehta Group of Companies, Jagmohan is looking to invest in Chamba. Over time, Jagmohan and Tara Shankar become friendly with each other.

Eventually, Mansi and Manav fall in love. Jagmohan is against their relationship due to Mansi's poor socio-economic status. Tara Shankar is initially angry but later reaches Mumbai to visit his journalist cousin, Prabha, and to meet the Mehta family for a marriage alliance. Unfortunately, they insult Tara. Deeply hurt, he leaves with Mansi, who breaks up with Manav.

Mansi soon meets the famous music producer and director, Vikrant Kapoor, who happens to be a huge fan of Tara's. She signs a three-year contract with him, and performs dance numbers and remixes of his productions and Tara's songs. She begins to win awards and becomes a national sensation and celebrity. Slowly, Vikrant begins falling for Mansi. Meanwhile, Manav finds out that his family ill-treated Mansi and Tara.

Manav goes to Mumbai in the hopes of apologizing to Mansi for his family's behavior towards her and Tara. However, she rejects and refuses to see him, out of her pain for how her father was treated. Vikrant soon learns of Mansi's past with Manav. Ignoring it, he proposes to her. She eventually accepts it. After winning an award in Canada, Mansi returns to India to prepare for their wedding. Jagmohan and Tara patch things up after the former realises his mistake and apologises.

On the wedding day, Vikrant realises Mansi still loves Manav. He assures her they can still be friends, and urges her to honour her love to Manav. Jagmohan and Tara also give their blessings; Manav and Mansi finally get married. The Mehtas take a family picture after the wedding.

Music
The soundtrack of the film was composed by A. R. Rahman with lyrics penned by Anand Bakshi. The soundtrack was released on 12 June 1999 and it became a major critical and commercial success. At a press conference, Ghai remarked, "I credit the name of the movie to composer A. R. Rahman. This film is a romance and I could have called it any thing – Dil, Pyaar, Hum Bhaag Gaye, but it was Rahman's presence in the movie that gave me the confidence to call it Taal. Taal means music and music means Taal. The whole credit goes to A. R. Rahman and Anand Bakshi. Rahman kept me awake many nights, but after listening to the songs, I felt it was worth all the trouble."

The soundtrack became a tremendous commercial success, and was sold more than 1.85million units within a month of its release. It went on to sell 4million units, becoming the best-selling album of the year. The soundtrack made the list of "Greatest Bollywood Soundtracks of All Time", as compiled by Planet Bollywood.

Critical reception
Taal received widespread critical acclaim upon release, with major praise directed towards its direction, story, screenplay, dialogues, soundtrack, costumes, choreography and performances of the cast.

Commercial performance
Taal emerged as a major commercial success in India, netting ₹22 crore in India on a budget of ₹11.50 crore, and also performed well internationally. In the United States, it became the first Indian film to reach the top 20 on Variety's box-office list. The final worldwide gross collection of the film stands at ₹51.16 crore, making it the fourth highest-grossing Hindi film of the year.

Taal was premiered at the Chicago International Film Festival, and was screened as the "official selection" at the 2005 Ebertfest: Roger Ebert's Film Festival, and retrospectively at the 45th IFFI in the Celebrating Dance in Indian cinema section.

Accolades
At the 45th Filmfare Awards, Taal received 12 nominations, including Best Film, Best Director (Ghai) and Best Actress (Rai, who won the award for her performance in Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam), and won 6 awards, including Best Supporting Actor (Kapoor) and Best Music Director (Rahman).

title: Taal (film)


text:
User talk:Jmbeck

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Could you please post a source to the page you created about the Galena Nuclear Power Plant? The article needs to be written in a more encyclopedic style (less like a news article) and I'd be happy to help do that, but I would really want to see the source of the information first before trying to do that. Thanks a ton and welcome to Wikipedia! --Fastfission 00:33, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject Michigan
I see you sometimes edit articles on Michigan-related items. You might be interested in the new wikiproject, WikiProject Michigan. Cheers. older≠wiser 21:12, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jmbeck


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The smoke signal

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 08:07, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

The smoke signal
Student newspaper. Delete as vanity/advertising --Henrygb 00:33, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, we are not your local college's bulletin board. Master Thief Garrett 02:17, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, advert. Megan1967 04:33, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Notability. jni 06:56, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Advert. LaTortue 19:23, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * DELETE - place sucked too -- Lotsofissues 07:05, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC), an alumnus
 * Redirect to smoke signals. -Sean Curtin 00:39, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * I disagree. Why make it a redirect? People wanting that would search for "smoke signal" not "the smoke signal". Master Thief Garrett 00:41, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Quale 21:08, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User:Phoenix-forgotten/Realurl

title: User:Phoenix-forgotten/Realurl


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Sandmeyer reaction

The Sandmeyer reaction is a chemical reaction used to synthesize aryl halides from aryl diazonium salts using copper salts as reagents or catalysts. It is an example of a radical-nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The Sandmeyer reaction provides a method through which one can perform unique transformations on benzene, such as halogenation, cyanation, trifluoromethylation, and hydroxylation.

The reaction was discovered in 1884 by Swiss chemist Traugott Sandmeyer, when he attempted to synthesize phenylacetylene from benzenediazonium chloride and copper(I) acetylide. Instead, the main product he isolated was chlorobenzene. In modern times, the Sandmeyer reaction refers to any method for substitution of an aromatic amino group via preparation of its diazonium salt followed by its displacement with a nucleophile in the presence of catalytic copper(I) salts.

 * Sandmeyer.jpg

The most commonly employed Sandmeyer reactions are the chlorination, bromination, cyanation, and hydroxylation reactions using CuCl, CuBr, CuCN, and Cu2O, respectively. More recently, trifluoromethylation of diazonium salts has been developed and is referred to as a 'Sandmeyer-type' reaction. Diazonium salts also react with boronates, iodide, thiols, water, hypophosphorous acid and others, and fluorination can be carried out using tetrafluoroborate anions (Balz–Schiemann reaction). However, since these processes do not require a metal catalyst, they are not usually referred to as Sandmeyer reactions. In numerous variants that have been developed, other transition metal salts, including copper(II), iron(III) and cobalt(III) have also been employed. Due to its wide synthetic applicability, the Sandmeyer reaction, along with other transformations of diazonium compounds, is complementary to electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Reaction mechanism
The Sandmeyer reaction is an example of a radical-nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SRNAr). The radical mechanism of the Sandmeyer reaction is supported by the detection of biaryl byproducts. The substitution of the aromatic diazo group with a halogen or pseudohalogen is initiated by a one-electron transfer mechanism catalyzed by copper(I) to form an aryl radical with loss of nitrogen gas. The substituted arene is possibly formed by direct transfer of Cl, Br, CN, or OH from a copper(II) species to the aryl radical to produce the substituted arene and regenerate the copper(I) catalyst. In an alternative proposal, a transient copper(III) intermediate, formed from coupling of the aryl radical with the copper(II) species, undergoes rapid reductive elimination to afford the product and regenerate copper(I). However, evidence for such an organocopper intermediate is weak and mostly circumstantial, and the exact pathway may depend on the substrate and reaction conditions.

Synthetic applications
Variations on the Sandmeyer reaction have been developed to fit multiple synthetic applications. These reactions typically proceed through the formation of an aryl diazonium salt followed by a reaction with a copper(I) salt to yield a substituted arene:

There are many synthetic applications of the Sandmeyer reaction.

Halogenation
One of the most important uses of the Sandmeyer reaction is the formation of aryl halides. The solvent of choice for the synthesis of iodoarenes is diiodomethane, while for the synthesis of bromoarenes, bromoform is used. For the synthesis of chloroarenes, chloroform is the solvent of choice. The synthesis of (+)-curcuphenol, a bioactive compound that displays antifungal and anticancer activity, employs the Sandmeyer reaction to substitute an amine group by a bromo group.

One bromination protocol employs a Cu(I)/Cu(II) mixture with additional amounts of the bidentate ligand phenanthroline and phase-transfer catalyst dibenzo-18-crown-6 to convert an aryl diazonium tetrafluoroborate salt to an aryl bromide.

 * Bf4sm.png

The Balz–Schiemann reaction uses tetrafluoroborate and delivers the halide-substituted product, fluorobenzene, which is not obtained by the use of copper fluorides. This reaction displays motifs characteristic of the Sandmeyer reaction.

Cyanation
Another use of the Sandmeyer reaction is for cyanation which allows for the formation of benzonitriles, an important class of organic compounds. A key intermediate in the synthesis of the antipsychotic drug Fluanxol is synthesized by a cyanation through the Sandmeyer reaction.

The Sandmeyer reaction has also been employed in the synthesis of neoamphimedine, a compound that is suggested to target topoisomerase II as an anti-cancer drug.

Trifluoromethylation
It has been demonstrated that Sandmeyer-type reactions can be used to generate aryl compounds functionalized by trifluoromethyl substituent groups. This process of trifluoromethylation provides unique chemical properties with a wide variety of practical applications. Particularly, pharmaceuticals with CF3 groups have enhanced metabolic stability, lipophilicity, and bioavailability. Sandmeyer-type trifluoromethylation reactions feature mild reaction conditions and greater functional group tolerance relative to earlier methods of trifluoromethylation. An example of a Sandmeyer-type trifluoromethylation reaction is presented below.

Hydroxylation
The Sandmeyer reaction can also be used to convert aryl amines to phenols proceeding through the formation of an aryl diazonium salt. In the presence of copper catalyst, such as copper(I) oxide, and an excess of copper(II) nitrate, this reaction takes place readily at room temperature neutral water. This is in contrast to the classical procedure (known by the German name Verkochung), which calls for boiling the diazonium salt in aqueous acid, a process that is believed to involve the aryl cation instead of radical and is known to generate other nucleophilic addition side products in addition to the desired hydroxylation product.

title: Sandmeyer reaction


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Category:Thursday Next series

The Thursday Next book series is written by Jasper Fforde and contain elements of metafiction, fantasy, and parody.

title: Category:Thursday Next series


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Category:Nations at the 1988 Summer Olympics

This category includes nations and other jurisdictions treated as such by the International Olympic Committee that participated in the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea.


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Jewbilee

"Jewbilee" is the ninth-aired and produced episode of the third season of the animated television series South Park. The 40th overall episode and the final part of The Meteor Shower Trilogy, the episode describes what happens to Kyle and Kenny as they attend a Jewish Scouting camp on the night of the meteor shower. The episode, which satirizes stereotypes about Jews, originally aired on July 28, 1999.

Plot
As Gerald and Sheila Broflovski are getting ready to attend Mr. Mackey's meteor shower party, Kyle and his brother Ike are preparing to go to Jewbilee, a Boy Scout-esque camp for Jewish boys. Kyle invites Kenny to attend, even though Gerald and Sheila warn Kyle that Kenny may not be accepted because he is not Jewish. Kyle persuades them to let Kenny come along, and they explain the basic tenets of Judaism during the car ride to the camp. After dropping the boys off, Gerald and Sheila drive to Mr. Mackey's party.

The camp attendees are divided into two age groups, Jew Scouts (older boys) and Squirts (younger, similar to the Cub Scouts). Following the induction ceremony, the boys make arts-and-crafts projects to honor the prophet Moses, whose spirit manifests itself on the site. Kenny is banished from the camp after Moses identifies him as a non-Jew; as he tries to return home, police officers and ATF agents drive past from Mr. Mackey's house, having mistaken it for a cult meeting place. Kenny returns to the camp only to find that Garth, one of the camp's elders, has trapped Moses in a conch shell and locked the Jew Scouts and the other elders in a cabin. Garth, who is from the Synagogue of Antisemites, intends to summon the spirit of Haman and force Jews into servitude.

Meanwhile, the Squirts' leader, Shlomo, mobilizes the troop to help catch a bear in the surrounding woods so he can earn his "Chutzpah" merit badge. The bear captures one Squirt after another, and Shlomo continues to devise plans that ultimately fail. After all the Squirts have been captured, Shlomo seeks out the chief elder but stumbles across Garth's plan to summon Haman; he tries to free Moses, but Garth shoots and wounds him. Kenny is captured by the bear as well, but finds that instead of harming the Squirts, it has brought them to celebrate the birthday of its cub. Kenny leads the Squirts back to camp, finding the summoning ritual nearly completed. As the Squirts form a human ladder to reach the cabin keys and free the captives, Kenny disrupts the ritual and smashes the conch with his own head, freeing Moses but fatally injuring himself. Moses destroys Haman, kills Garth, and declares a new annual holiday in which the Jew Scouts will gather at the camp and honor Kenny's sacrifice by making arts-and-crafts projects.

Production
The writing process of "Jewbilee" helped South Park co-creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone realize the approach to writing most suited for the show. The episode had to be aired about a month after the film South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut was released, at which time Parker and Stone could take a break from their intensive work. They were pleased with their work on both the show and the film and decided not to care about how good the episode was, and "just make it dumb and weird." Eventually, they came to believe that "Jewbilee" was then one of the best episodes of the show, which helped them realize that they should not try to think of the plots for too long, but "just be stupid and have fun."

Cultural and religious references
The Moses character is Parker's favorite aspect of the episode. His appearance is patterned after the Master Control Program from the film Tron.

Reception
John Sinnott of DVD Talk stated that the episode is one of the third season's "strange shows that worked very well." In an article about Isaac Hayes' departure controversy, The Seattle Times referred to "Jewbilee" as one of the show's most outrageous episodes.

title: Jewbilee


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Borba, Portugal

Borba is a municipality in the District of Évora in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 7,333, in an area of 145.19 km2. It was elevated from town to city status on 12 June 2009.

The municipal holiday is Easter Monday.

Parishes
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 4 civil parishes (freguesias):
 * Borba (Matriz)
 * Borba (São Bartolomeu)
 * Orada
 * Rio de Moinhos

Notable people

 * Vítor Norte (born 1951) an actor and voice actor.
 * Luís Bilro (born 1971) a Portuguese retired football with 411 club caps

title: Borba, Portugal


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User:Kspence

I am a Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins University. My specialties are American (and African-American) political thought, race and politics, urban politics, political behavior and public opinion.

title: User:Kspence