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Talk:Ricky Nelson

Credible?
I altered a sentence about Ricky being a "credible" performer before he sold his soul and became a teen idol. It struck me as POV, and representative of a view that particularly annoys me. Fabian and Frankie Avalon get a bad reputation for their schmaltziness, but as someone interested in arranging and producing music I find their recordings vastly more interesting than those of "legitimate" singer"s like our Ricky. 75.49.251.170 (talk) 11:44, 17 August 2008 (UTC) "Credible" performer BEFORE he sold his soul and became a teen idol? He STARTED his singing career as a teen idol. Or maybe you refer to his acting career.

 * This is a bogus discussion. "Ricky Nelson sold his soul and became a teen idol?" You've got it backwards. He started off as a teen idol, but later worked to become a credible performer of rock and roll and country music. He gained a whole new level of respect as "Rick" Nelson, singer and songwriter. 97.113.39.171 (talk) 06:31, 2 November 2023 (UTC)

Possible organisation of future work on this article
As, a first start, I think, those who choose, to brush this article up, should start, by removing, the COMMAS.

And mention Sam Nelson, the article makes it sound like he's a third sex. There's a little about him at IMDB Bio —Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.92.162.25 (talk) 21:28, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

Crash
Is it true that the plane crash was drug-related?

No, it is not true. The fire was started by a faulty connection of the fuel line leading into the heater. The aerosol cans found afterwards were hair spray cans and FingerEase, a lubricant sprayed by guitarists onto guitar necks.

Don't be too hasty blaming the fuel line. I've seen an article in Flying that suggests the cabin heater in the tail overheated, caused magnesium in the ex-military bird to ignite, and filled the cabin with smoke. (A similar cause is blamed for the wreck that killed Buddy Holly & Rick Valens.) This is the first I've heard of freebasing being blamed; I don't believe it. --fourthina3, 16/11/05

The "freebasing" rumor was out there for YEARS--almost immediately after the plane crash. Of course drugs had nothing to do with it. Both pilots survived the crash and, from what I read, they tried to save the passengers, but the heat was too great.--Susan Nunes 8 December 2009 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.134.212.182 (talk) 19:01, 8 December 2009 (UTC)

The Buddy Holly crash had nothing to do with either a faulty heater ( except that it was a faulty heater on the bus) or an in flight fire. Rather it was likely caused by a pilot who lacked an instrument rating attempting to fly in instrument conditions. Wschart (talk) 18:05, 28 May 2013 (UTC)

Garden Party
For general informative purposes, Nelson's last hit song, "Garden Party," the 'garden" referred to is Madison Square Garden where, during one of his performances, many in the crowd boo'd (booed?) his playing newer music. Seems the masses wanted to hear the old songs from the 1950s and early 1960s. Nelson referenced the situation in Garden Party's lyrics. Now, aintcha' glad yah' opened this page? You betcha'.

Now, whom do you think the line "I'd rather drive a truck" is referring to? ;-) Jmacwiki (talk) 05:47, 8 April 2008 (UTC) Elvis drove a truck before he broke through. Missaeagle —Preceding unsigned comment added by Missaeagle (talk • contribs) 04:04, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

Organization
I think this article needs better organization. Information is mentioned twice, and I think there are two many wikifications, with links basically put in random words. I was going to reorganize it but I know little about the topic and the problems with the structure are so subtle that it is hard to know what changes exactly to make. Any input? Academic Challenger 03:24, 2 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I've done some editing to avoid having information being duplicated. --Metropolitan90 08:29, 19 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Likewise--  Drew Peacock, Esquire      - my talk page -  06:38, 18 February 2010 (UTC)
 * On this subject, has anyone any idea why "Death" as a section appears part-way through the article, rather than at the end (a very usual and logical position for one's final act in life, I think you'll agree)? Was this a conscious editorial decision, or merely a poorly though out move on the part of the originator (I have not looked at the editorial history of this article, I admit)? Personally, I would have put "Personal life" before "Death", as this would also satisfy the chronologically-sensitive too! Thanks. Ref (chew) (do) 14:34, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

The karate note is entirely misplaced in the "Garden Party" section. Wantnot (talk) 20:17, 24 March 2012 (UTC)

1980 one night stand
He paid 400 a month for a child resulting from a one nightstand. On biography. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 209.206.165.25 (talk) 06:34, 21 January 2007 (UTC). but please note that Rick himself denied paternity — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lonely Summer (talk • contribs) 21:57, 10 January 2012 (UTC)

Photo
I think the photo in the top (right) is not a Ricky`s photo. The man in the photo is John Fogerty. Thank you.

As of this date, it is definitely a photo of Nelson.--  Drew Peacock, Esquire      - my talk page -  06:45, 18 February 2010 (UTC)

 * but now there is a photo on the discography page that is not Rick, just some teenager that looks similar. 97.113.39.171 (talk) 06:32, 2 November 2023 (UTC)

You did know he had a comic book?
Four Color Comics that tried to cash in on his wholesome image. -Sparky 20:46, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

Basic spelling and grammar issues
It shouldn't even have to said. Have an American dictionary open when contributing to Wikipedia. The editing page even highlights unknown words with red lines, so there is no excuse.

Ricky Nelson Discography: Poor Little Fool
I noticed that you have listed the highest position on the Billboard charts for Ricky Nelson's 1958 record, "Poor Little Fool" as #7. That is actually incorrect. "Poor Little Fool" was Ricky Nelson's first #1 single on the Billboard charts. In fact, it was the first single to be listed as #1 on the newly re-constructed Hot 100 in 1958. Rick's only other #1 single was "Travelin'Man" in 1961.

Ricky Nelson actually rivaled Elvis between April, 1957 and February 1959, and charted more Top 40 hits than Elvis. Ricky purportedly sold 100 million records, mostly singles as he was recording in the era when singles (45s) far out-sold albums (33s). Nsperanzo (talk) 23:39, 6 January 2008 (UTC)

This appears to have been corrected before today's date.--  Drew Peacock, Esquire      - my talk page -  06:50, 18 February 2010 (UTC)

Rick Nelson and The Four Preps
I note there is no reference to The Four Preps. Reference http://dartmansworldofwonder.blogspot.com/2008/04/singles-collection-episode-38-four_09.html for more details of how they joined him on their first tour together.

Citations & references
See Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the  tags Nhl4hamilton (talk) 04:44, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

This Bashe book?
A lot of very "tabloid-type" stuff in this article is from this book by Bashe. Is this a reputable book? I mean, alot of this stuff seems objectionable, libelous, and even contradictory. TuckerResearch (talk) 23:28, 28 January 2010 (UTC) Yes, I would agree. I don't think a basic overview bio - which is what this is - is the right place for this kind of rumour and gossip.
 * The book seems legit to me - it's a non-fiction biography. Unfortunately, WP doesn't have to provide the truth, just citations from reliable sources.  This source checks out... Doc9871 (talk) 23:35, 28 January 2010 (UTC)

The Selvin book referenced is just as tabloid-oriented, if not more so, than the Bashe book. For the record, Rick's sons stated back at the time Selvin's book was released that "this is not the true story of the Nelsons, we prefer that fans not read it" (Us Magazine, June 1990). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.217.90.26 (talk) 21:32, 7 November 2013 (UTC)

Full of gossip?
I just read parts of the article and several times I stopped to think whether I want to know about his one-night stands, first sexual experiences, and all relationships with girls. I think I don't really care. He was a highly popular singer, so the article should focus about his musical career, his influences, etc., with a final section about his private life, as can be seen in many other articles on singers, showstars, and actors. It could be just me but I think somewhere there is a line about what is relevant for an encyclopedic article and what the focus should be. Ben T/C 18:13, 15 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Agreed. This stuff all seems to come from a tabloid, trash book.  TuckerResearch (talk) 01:20, 18 April 2010 (UTC)

 * There are only two published biographies about Nelson and both discuss his personal and sexual life and both bios are from mainstream, respected publishers. The sexual life of an artist has impact on his product and is an appropriate area for a modern encyclopedia. As long as the discussion is not on the porn level (breathless passions, throbbing organs, quivering thingies, etc.) what's the problem? If it's not something you want to read, skip it -- but don't take it away from those who do realize its importance and relevance. SnowflakeWay (talk) 00:23, 3 May 2010 (UTC)

 * You say that "both bios are from mainstream, respected publishers." There are many trashy, horridly produced, horribly researched biographies by "respected publishers."  Anything by Kitty Kelly comes to mind.  "The sexual life of an artist has impact on his product..."  Yes it could, but it also could not.  If yes, is this link made in these bios that his "sexual life" played an impact on his music?  That is not clear from the article as written.  "...is an appropriate area for a modern encyclopedia."  I disagree here.  Why not produce a table of his sexual conquests sorted by age, date, location, sexual position, etc.?  Why not do this for every article?  "but don't take it away from those who do realize its importance and relevance" - I see, if some of us think that this information is unencyclopedic, or that the source books are fishy, we're just too stupid to "realize its importance and relevance."  Forgive us our knuckle-dragging ignorance.  TuckerResearch (talk) 02:28, 22 May 2010 (UTC)

I just read this article for the first time yesterday and I agree that the language in this article is not encyclopedic in tone. It made me laugh out loud in several places, and it's probably not supposed to. Even if the sources use this kind of language, it is not considered the best writing practices and can be vastly improved. For example,

 * Why would Nelson's legitimate children be singled out in a box? Why in the section titled "Children", would the ones sired out of wedlock not be included, as in the one he had with Georgeanne Crewe? Why actually have an entire section on his children? Why not just a paragraph? Or actually, they are mentioned in other places, so why the entire section to emphasize them?
 * Why is Kris Nelson described as "making love" with Ron Reagan, but Nelson is described as "cavorting" with two LA Rams cheerleaders in the same paragraph? These euphemisms need to be replaced by the simplest term: "having sex".
 * "She was hell-bent on taking everything she possibly could and leaving Rick ruined." Good gracious, this needs a quote from a biographer or something: According to biographer John Q. Gossipmonger...
 * I agree that too much is written about Nelson's volatile relationships. I don't see how it has any bearing on his career or notability in performing.
 * Why is it necessary to know that Blair was a cocaine-user, shoplifter, and Nelson's family disapproved of their relationship? What bearing does this have on how readers should understand why he was notable? I'm not saying the details about his various affairs should be hidden, but the article makes it seem as if, perhaps like Hugh Hefner, Ricky Nelson was *as notable* for his affairs as he was the job that made him famous. Overlooking the article, the same amount of emphasis is placed on his music career as it is placed on his personal life. Actually, somewhat less. I get the impression a relative of Nelson's has had a hand in writing this article. Perhaps a progeny who was directly involved in some of the court cases among the Nelsons and Harmons. If, in fact, the best reliable sources assert that Nelson's affairs actually were as important as his performing career, a quote about that statement should come from a very good source.

I wrote Roy Orbison's article, and I understand the issue above about sources writing about the "juicy" parts of the subject's life. One of the biographies I used was rather determined to place undue and frankly odd emphasis on the writer's view that Orbison was a hapless underachiever who tripped into fame by accident, and the book is designed to paint him as a mediocre guy in extraordinary circumstances. Orbison's life was nowhere near as vibrantly sexual as Ricky Nelson's (an impression that is really backed up in this article), so the biographer slipped in shocking tidbits about other artists, for some reason explaining that only parts of Patsy Cline were found after her airplane accident. So what to do as a Wikipedia editor? Weed out that wtf? in the biography and stick only to the facts. --Moni3 (talk) 14:24, 13 March 2011 (UTC)

Unfortunately, biographers can pretty much write what they want after the subject is dead. Former friends and family members with a grudge to bear will say whatever they want, whatever it takes to get their comments into print, and therefore, make them semi-famous. Rick's image was so clean-cut while he was alive that any hint of scandal or wrongdoing was lapped up by the media after his death. This article, as it stands now, is not one I would recommend to friends for a basic overview of Rick's life. There is far too much questionable information, too much tabloid type gossip. (Lonely Summer (talk) 22:05, 10 January 2012 (UTC))

 * I thank whoever took some pruning shears to the personal relationships section of this article. Much better; much more encyclopedic. TuckerResearch (talk) 03:18, 28 August 2012 (UTC)

"Rio Bravo", "High Noon" Same Movie
"Rio Bravo" and "High Noon" seem to be the same movie--beleaguered sheriff, bad guy in jail, stand-off against gang. Anybody know how this happened? Was it deliberate? Also, Ricky Nelson in "Rio Bravo" rubs his finger alongside his nose just like Montgomery Clift in "Red River", both films directed by Howard Hawks and starring John Wayne. Anybody know the significance of that or why it was done?63.192.100.52 (talk) 21:04, 11 May 2010 (UTC)Sgt. Rock

 * Why don't you search on these little things called Wikipedia or Google? There are very simple answers to some of these questions.  As for the finger rubbing on the nose, Hawks liked his actors to have little quirky movements.  TuckerResearch (talk) 02:19, 22 May 2010 (UTC)

a later appearance on Ed Sullivan?
OK, I see the note about not appearing on American Bandstand or on Ed Sullivan. However, I do recall reading recently that he appeared on Ed Sullivan in 1967, with his career by then "in limbo". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.63.16.82 (talk) 15:27, 15 May 2012 (UTC)

I don't know what was in this Wikipedia article when the above was written. Perhaps delete the section of the talk page you are reading? That 1967 Ed Sullivan appearance is noted, and the earlier non-appearances on that and on American Bandstand were during the run of "Ozzie and Harriet", which ended in 1966. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.63.16.20 (talk) 21:22, 11 March 2014 (UTC)

Affluence
If Rick's parents kept him strapped for cash, how could be be accustomed to affluence, and have a cavalier attitude about money. Aren't these contradictory?203.184.41.226 (talk) 07:14, 14 February 2013 (UTC)

"93-percent income-tax bracket"? Was income tax ever that high in the US?203.184.41.226 (talk) 19:03, 14 February 2013 (UTC)

Nearly. In the nineteen fifties and sixties, the top US income tax bracket was 91%. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rainbow-five (talk • contribs) 18:12, 25 May 2017 (UTC)

confusion about Helen Blair
I see this about Helen Blair, who died along with Rick Nelson:

"He contemplated marrying her but eventually declined."

How does that fit in with the account (including in this Wikipedia article) that he was engaged to Helen Blair when they were killed?

Also, I notice controversy in the burial of Helen Blair. Not that I'd look it up or cause it to be looked up, but does anyone know where she was eventually buried? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.63.16.20 (talk) 21:16, 11 March 2014 (UTC)

Personal fortune at 16?
This doesn't seem consistent with the rest of the article, if its true then how was he making his money prior to his music career?

"At age thirteen, Ricky was making over $100,000 per annum, and at sixteen he had a personal fortune of $500,000.[26]"
 * Perhaps from his early acting career (radio, then eventually television).-- ☾Loriendrew☽  ☏(ring-ring)  23:56, 10 July 2017 (UTC)

Fuel leak
I tried to include a link to another intriguing opinion on the cause of Rick Nelson's death from his son, but the ridiculous ban on spam websites (my link is named http://www.o-urprattville.com/entertainment/movies-music-tv/exclusive-interview-gunnar-nelson-discusses-his-music-his-father-rick-nelson-and-sir-paul-mccartney) means I cannot back it with a link, but I have included Gunnar's opinion because I feel it is vital it belongs with the other projected causes. PLEASE do not delete it! -johnr_roberts 20:46, 23 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Sorry, statements like that should be sourced. And "Link ban" is not a helpful section heading. Eric talk 12:27, 24 April 2018 (UTC)

comeback tour
This is a minor complaint, but I think it's misleading to state that Rick began a comeback tour in 1985 with Fats Domino. If you know anything at all about Rick's final years, you'll know that he was constantly touring. The main reason for this was because his finances were not good at the time, but it's also true he felt at home on the road. Rick played all types of places - clubs, state fairs, theaters; typically larger venues on the weekends, and smaller places during the week.

 * I agree. Nelson often shared the stage with a lot of singers from the era in addition to numerous solo shows. Apart from co-headlining with Fats Domino and playing larger venues in 1985, I don't what makes it a "comeback tour." 2600:1702:1950:46E0:3490:A0EB:6D51:4BA6 (talk) 00:59, 7 February 2022 (UTC)

Separate page?
The account of the fatal plane-crash seems too detailed and out-of-proportion for a general article on Nelson. Yet the details are of great interest. I suggest it could form a separate article, leaving only a short summary on the Nelson page (as with Buddy Holly and the separate page called 'The Day the Music Died'.) Valetude (talk) 23:15, 21 August 2019 (UTC)
 * You should write that. Good luck.   GenQuest  "Talk to Me" 10:57, 23 August 2019 (UTC)
 * There, done it. But I don't know how to insert 'Main article: Ricky Nelson’s death in a plane-crash' Valetude (talk) 00:44, 24 August 2019 (UTC)

Would it be relevant to mention that Marianne Gaba became a Playboy Playmate of the Month?
Would it be relevant to mention that Marianne Gaba became a Playboy Playmate of the Month? 2603:800C:3A40:6400:993D:6835:875B:864E (talk) 14:48, 13 May 2023 (UTC)
 * No. This article is about Rick Nelson. Gaba has her own article. Sundayclose (talk) 18:14, 13 May 2023 (UTC)

Rick's name (Not Ricky)
Can the article please be renamed to, and Rick referred to as "Rick Nelson"? (Not Ricky) Rick was his real legal name, and that's what he wanted to be called way before he legally changed it. It doesn't matter what other people want to call him or which name is more popular, because it's wrong. The only reason people still call him Ricky instead of his actual name Rick is because he's listed as Ricky here and on other sites, it should be more professional and not biased, it's very disrespectful to call someone a name that he wanted to get rid of for his entire life. On a television programme called what's my line from 1959, Rick can be seen signing his name as "Rick", not "Ricky", 2 years before he officially changed it, Ricky was just a nickname when he was a kid and for the first few albums, his name was Eric at that time. He officialy changed his name to Rick when he was 21 and stuck with it until the very end, that's what he wanted to be called. His real name was Rick for the majority of his life, and at the moment of death. The only exception was his 1983-1985 oldies tour, which was a direct nod to the old albums, not because he wanted to be called Ricky. His upcoming album would still be credited as Rick and he wanted to be called that. So please stop calling him Ricky on every site, the name "Ricky" was a short lived nickname Rick had as a kid and later he hated being called that, he should not be credited and referred with that name in a legitimate article. He only was called Ricky as a kid (Albums continued to be named after Ricky until 1961, but privately he already used Rick since 1959), but he called himself Rick for 26 years from 1959 to 1985. He is Rick Nelson. Not Ricky. Thank you for your attention. Pan-Panda384 (talk) 21:37, 14 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ricky Nelson


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Category talk:Chinese cuisine

Raw materials vs Cuisine
It seems like this category has a number of entries which dont exactly fit as a "cuisine" when they are actually raw materials. However, I also recognise some "raw materials" are also served as dishes in their own right under the same name. I feel this category should be for articles which are the names of dishes. ie, Fried Rice as opposed to Rice. Gingerbread as opposed to Ginger.

I removed Longan and Lychee...two obvious examples of raw materials which dont quality as a dish. Ginger, Bamboo, Winter melon, Gas bladder etc, are all potential candidates for removal. Not may "raw material" candidates may stay, such as Ginseng?--Huaiwei 08:10, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree. — Pekinensis 17:42, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category talk:Chinese cuisine


text: User talk:81.168.16.29

title: User talk:81.168.16.29


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Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel

Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel (Luise Karoline von Hessen-Kassel; 28 September 1789 – 13 March 1867) was the consort of Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and the matriarch of the House of Glücksburg.

Early life
Louise Caroline was born at Gottorp, Schleswig, in the Duchy of Schleswig, to Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel (19 December 1744 – 17 August 1836) and his wife Princess Louise of Denmark (30 January 1750 – 12 January 1831). Her elder sister Marie Sophie of Hesse-Kassel (28 October 1767 – 21 March 1852) became Queen consort of Frederick VI of Denmark.

Marriage and issue
Friedrich Wilhelm and his relative Louise Caroline married in 1810. The couple had ten children:
 * Princess Luise Marie Friederike of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (23 October 1810 – 11 May 1869).
 * Princess Friederike Karoline Juliane of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (9 October 1811 – 10 July 1902).
 * Karl, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (30 September 1813 – 24 October 1878).
 * Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (23 October 1814 – 27 November 1885).
 * Prince Wilhelm of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (10 April 1816 – 5 September 1893).
 * Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (8 April 1818 – 29 January 1906); later Christian IX of Denmark.
 * Princess Luise, Abbess of Itzehoe (18 November 1820 – 30 November 1894).
 * Prince Julius of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (14 October 1824 – 1 June 1903).
 * Prince Johann of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (5 December 1825 – 27 May 1911).
 * Prince Nikolaus of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (22 December 1828 – 18 August 1849).

Louise Caroline's son, Prince Christian, was named third-in-line to the throne of Christian VIII of Denmark in 1847. He succeeded his childless maternal second cousin, Frederick VII of Denmark, on 15 November 1863, the Hereditary Prince Ferdinand having deceased somewhat earlier.

Her grandchildren included (among others) King Frederik VIII of Denmark, Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom, Empress Marie Feodorovna of All the Russias, King George I of the Hellenes and Crown Princess Thyra of Hanover.

At the time of her death, she was the last surviving grandchild of Frederick V of Denmark.


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Germany women's national ice hockey team

The German women's national ice hockey team represents Germany at the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) Women's World Championship and other international ice hockey tournaments. The women's national team was ranked eighth in the IIHF World Ranking in 2020. It is organized under the direct administration of the Deutscher Eishockey-Bund (DEB).

Women's participation in ice hockey in Germany has slowly declined in the past decade – in 2011 the country had 2,549 female players registered with the IIHF but reported only 2,251 in 2020.

History
The first international game for the German women's national team took place on 3 December 1988 in Geretsried against Switzerland. The final score was 6–5 for the Swiss, but the Germans avenged the loss in their second match. Against the Swiss, the Germans obtained their first victory.

In preparation for the 2013 IIHF Women's World Championship, the Carleton Ice House, home of the Carleton Ravens women's ice hockey program, served as the training facility for the German team. Former Ravens team captain Sara Seiler served as a member of the German squad. Of note, the Ravens hosted Germany in an exhibition game, which saw the Germans prevail by a 3–0 tally, with goals from Julia Zorn, Franziska Busch, and Andrea Lanzl.

Germany's best finish at the Worlds was in 2017, where they finished fourth after an upset victory over Russia in the quarterfinals.

Olympic

 * 2002 – Finished in 6th place
 * 2006 – Finished in 5th place
 * 2014 – Finished in 6th place

World Championship

 * 1990 – Finished in 7th place (as West Germany)
 * 1994 – Finished in 8th place
 * 1999 – Finished in 7th place
 * 2000 – Finished in 7th place
 * 2001 – Finished in 5th place
 * 2004 – Finished in 6th place
 * 2005 – Finished in 5th place
 * 2007 – Finished in 8th place
 * 2008 – Finished in 9th place (relegated to Division I)
 * 2009 – Finished in 11th place (2nd in Division I)
 * 2011 – Finished in 9th place (1st in Division I, promoted to Top Division)
 * 2012 – Finished in 7th place
 * 2013 – Finished in 5th place
 * 2015 – Finished in 8th place (relegated to Division IA)
 * 2016 – Finished in 9th place (1st in Division IA, promoted to Top Division)
 * 2017 – Finished in 4th place
 * 2019 – Finished in 7th place
 * 2020 – Cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic
 * 2021 – Finished in 8th place
 * 2022 – Finished in 9th place
 * 2023 – Finished in 8th place
 * 2024 – Finished in 6th place

European Championship

 * 1989 – Won bronze medal (as West Germany)
 * 1991 – Finished in 6th place
 * 1993 – Finished in 4th place
 * 1995 – Finished in 5th place
 * 1996 – Finished in 6th place

Current roster
Roster for the 2024 IIHF Women's World Championship.

Head coach: Jeff MacLeod

Notable former players

 * Claudia Grundmann
 * Michaela Lanzl
 * Christina Oswald
 * Denise Soesilo
 * Raffaela Wolf

Former coaches

 * 1988–1989: Pia Sterner
 * 1989–1990: Pierre Delisle
 * 1990–1994: Hanspeter Amend
 * 1994–1995: Alfred Neidhart
 * 1995–2002: Rainer Nittel
 * 2002–2014: Peter Kathan
 * 2014–2018: Benjamin Hinterstocker
 * 2018–2019: Christian Künast
 * 2020–2021: Franziska Busch
 * 2021–2023: Thomas Schädler
 * 2023–present: Jeff MacLeod


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Nitra (river)

The Nitra (Slovak: Nitra, Neutra, Nyitra) is a river in western Slovakia. It flows into the Váh river in Komoča. Its source is in the Malá Fatra (Lesser Fatra) mountains north of Prievidza. The river Nitra passes through the towns of Bojnice, Topoľčany, Nitra and Nové Zámky. It is 166 km long and its basin size is 4501 km2. The old branch of the Nitra, Stará Nitra, branches off near Nové Zámky and flows into the Váh close to its confluence with the Danube in Komárno.

title: Nitra (river)


text: User talk:68.4.119.17

title: User talk:68.4.119.17


text:
Chenjiaping Bus Station

Chenjiaping Bus Station is a bus station located in Shapingba District, Chongqing, China, and is located near the eastern terminus of the Chengyu Expressway, running from Chongqing to Chengdu.

Routes run to Chengdu, Jianyang, Neijiang, Longchang, Luzhou, Suining, Yibin, Zigong, and Ziyang, all of which are in Sichuan province. Within the Chongqing municipality, the station is connected directly to Jiangjin, Yongchuan, Bishan, Dazu, Rongchang, Tongliang and Tongnan Districts.

title: Chenjiaping Bus Station


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Walter F. Parkes

Walter F. Parkes (born April 15, 1951) is an American producer, screenwriter, and media executive. The producer of more than 50 films, including the Men in Black series and Minority Report, he is the co-founder and co-chairman of Dreamscape Immersive.

Parkes and his wife and business partner, producer Laurie MacDonald, helped to build DreamWorks, with Parkes the head of its motion picture division, and the two later moved to Amblin Entertainment, where Parkes served as president. He has been nominated for three Academy Awards, receiving his first nomination as the director/ producer of the 1975 documentary The California Reich; his second for co-writing the original screenplay for WarGames; and his third as a producer of Awakenings. Parkes and MacDonald created the Parkes + Macdonald production company (P+M, P+M Image Nation) in 2010, collaborating on the productions of a number of films, including films that Amblin has released.

Life and career
Parkes was born in Bakersfield, California. He attended Yale University, and graduated cum laude in 1973. WarGames, co-written by Parkes with Lawrence Lasker and Walon Green, garnered a Best Original Screenplay Oscar nomination. Parkes and Lasker co-produced several films, including Sneakers and Awakenings, a Best Picture Oscar nominee in 1990. Other films Parkes produced or on which he served as executive producer include, the Men in Black series, The Kite Runner, Golden Globe-winning Sweeney Todd, Dinner for Schmucks, Gladiator, Minority Report, Catch Me If You Can, The Ring, The Terminal, Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events, Road to Perdition, A.I. Artificial Intelligence, Deep Impact, Twister, The Legend of Zorro and Amistad.

In 1994, Parkes was named President of Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment and later that year, he and his wife and business partner Laurie MacDonald were tapped to help create the DreamWorks SKG motion picture studio. As the studio's president, Parkes, in partnership with MacDonald, oversaw development and production of all DreamWorks' film projects, including three consecutive Best Picture Oscar winners: American Beauty, Gladiator and A Beautiful Mind — the latter two in partnership with Universal Studios. Other films produced during their tenure include: Cameron Crowe's Almost Famous, Robert Zemeckis' What Lies Beneath, Adam McKay's Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy, Michael Mann's Collateral, and Steven Spielberg's Academy Award- and Golden Globe-winning drama Saving Private Ryan, which was the top-grossing film domestically of 1998.

Parkes is a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, The Writers Guild of America and the Global Business Network. He is on the board of directors for the Center for A New American Security (CNAS).

Parkes and MacDonald live in Santa Monica, California, and have two children, Jane MacDonald and Graham Joseph.

Parkes + MacDonald production company
Its origins go back to 1991 when Parkes and MacDonald founded their own production company Aerial Pictures, which was first set up at Columbia Pictures. In 1993, it was moved to 20th Century Fox. Later that year, it was moved and merged into Amblin Entertainment, and later to DreamWorks Pictures, so that Parkes could fill the seat left by the departure of Kathleen Kennedy.

In 2005, they revived the idea of having their own production company, which is called "Parkes + MacDonald Productions" (aka P+M), and set up at DreamWorks Pictures.

In 2012, the duo struck a deal with Imagenation Abu Dhabi (now Image Nation) to form a joint venture organization. Since then, P+M has collaborated on the productions of a number of films that Amblin and Image Nation have produced, including the Men in Black film series from the third film onwards.

Film
Producer

 * The California Reich (1975) (Documentary film; also director and editor)
 * Volunteers (1985)
 * Project X (1987)
 * True Believer (1989)
 * Awakenings (1990)
 * Sneakers (1992)
 * Men in Black (1997)
 * The Peacemaker (1997)
 * The Time Machine (2002)
 * Minority Report (2002)
 * Men in Black II (2002)
 * The Ring (2002)
 * Catch Me If You Can (2002)
 * The Terminal (2004)
 * Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004)
 * The Ring Two (2005)
 * The Island (2005)
 * Just Like Heaven (2005)
 * The Legend of Zorro (2005)
 * The Lookout (2007)
 * The Kite Runner (2007)
 * Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007)
 * The Burning Plain (2008)
 * The Uninvited (2009)
 * Dinner for Schmucks (2010)
 * Men in Black 3 (2012)
 * Flight (2012)
 * He Named Me Malala (2015) (Documentary film)
 * Keeping Up with the Joneses (2016)
 * Rings (2017)
 * Men in Black: International (2019)
 * Gladiator II (2024)

Executive producer

 * Little Giants (1994)
 * To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar (1995)
 * How to Make an American Quilt (1995)
 * Twister (1996)
 * The Trigger Effect (1996)
 * Amistad (1997)
 * Deep Impact (1998)
 * Small Soldiers (1998)
 * The Mask of Zorro (1998)
 * Gladiator (2000)
 * A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001)
 * Road to Perdition (2002)
 * The Tuxedo (2002)
 * Tulip Fever (2017)
 * Free Solo (2018) (Documentary)
 * The Trial of the Chicago 7 (2020)

Screenwriter

 * WarGames (1983)
 * Sneakers (1992)

title: Walter F. Parkes


text:
Michael Sopkiw

Michael Sopkiw is an American former actor who starred in four Italian B movies in two years. He was born in 1954 in Connecticut.

Sopkiw took modeling jobs, and he was employed in Italy by filmmaker Sergio Martino to star in 2019, After the Fall of New York (1983). Lamberto Bava (the son of famous movie-maker Mario Bava) then recruited Sopkiw in order to shoot two movies in the United States, Blastfighter (1984) and Monster Shark (1984). He finally ended his film career in Massacre in Dinosaur Valley (1985) by Michele Massimo Tarantini.

His movie career being unsuccessful, Michael gave up acting and went to study medicinal plant science. He launched a company, MIRON Violettglas, in California where he imports and distributes special glass bottles designed to protect the contents from the sun.

title: Michael Sopkiw


text:
Kabartonjo

Kabartonjo is the district headquarters of Baringo North District, Baringo County, Kenya.

Kabartonjo has a population of about 2,000. Its residents are mainly of the Arror dialect of the Tugen sub-tribe in the Kalenjin cluster but members of other tribes across Kenya are also available. Kabartonjo was founded in the early 20th century by Scottish missionaries who founded a church and a school. Kenya's second president, H.E. Daniel Toroitich Arap Moi went to school here, the primary school is now named in his honor. In the initial days of its existence, Kabartonjo was known to the locals as Kameshen, roughly translated as 'of-the-mission' due to the mission established there. The name Kabartonjo is the name of an influential clan that live nearby who due to their influence in local politics managed to christen the town in their name.

Kabartonjo is an area that was populated by the Kaplumbei and Kapcheptinya clans. It is located on top of a ridge and all the surrounding land is used up hence its prospects of expansion are extremely limited. There is a shortage of water since there are no large rivers or dams nearby.

As the largest town in Baringo North, Kabartonjo is the hotbed of Arror politics.

title: Kabartonjo


text:
User:Sjakkalle/Afd

Note: This is no longer updated.

This is a list of articles I have nominated. Articles nominated for speedy deletions are not here.

 * Interrail (Votes for deletion/Interrail) was kept and merged (by me) with the correct spelling which is Inter Rail.
 * Kus (Votes for deletion/Kus) was deleted.
 * R.E. Lee Deville (Votes for deletion/R.E. Lee Deville) was deleted, then undeleted. Then deleted again.
 * Bret branon (Votes for deletion/Bret branon) was deleted and speedily so.
 * Crooked edge (Votes for deletion/Crooked edge) was deleted
 * Haiti festivals (Votes for deletion/Haiti festivals) was deleted
 * Maxx Skywalker (Votes for deletion/Maxx Skywalker) was deleted, but for those of you who really loved Maxx, don't worry. Take a look at its entry in Bad Jokes And Other Deleted Nonsense.
 * Napoleon Gambit (Votes for deletion/Napoleon Gambit) was redirected to Scotch Game.
 * AMCDeathKnight (Votes for deletion/AMCDeathKnight) was deleted.
 * Slam fm (Votes for deletion/Slam fm) was kept after a rewrite.
 * X1 Bus Route and M14 Bus Route (Votes for deletion/More New York bus routes) were both deleted
 * SubLevel Four Kenpo (Votes for deletion/SubLevel Four Kenpo) was deleted.
 * Robert Farrell (Votes for deletion/Robert Farrell) was deleted.
 * Gidrophonick (Votes for deletion/Gidrophonick) was deleted.
 * Halover (Votes for deletion/Halover) was deleted.
 * Catch Without Arms (Votes for deletion/Catch Without Arms) was deleted, later Catch Without Arms (album) was kept, and this version was subsequently undeleted.
 * The Mystery of the Blue Train(Votes for deletion/The Mystery of the Blue Train) was kept as a rewrite, nomination was withdrawn after the rewrite.
 * Ray Gun (movie) (Votes for deletion/Ray Gun (movie)) was kept (or was that merged and redirected?).
 * Australian boots (Votes for deletion/Australian boots) was moved to Australian work boots.
 * Australia at the 2006 Commonwealth Games (Votes for deletion/Australia at the 2006 Commonwealth Games) was userfied.
 * Kazzer (Votes for deletion/Kazzer) was kept after a rewrite (nomination withdrawn)
 * Eivind (Votes for deletion/Eivind) was sent to Transwiki.
 * Mahabon (Votes for deletion/Mahabon) was deleted.
 * Teleplan (Votes for deletion/Teleplan) was deleted.
 * Graveyard Greg (Votes for deletion/Graveyard Greg) was deleted.
 * Sedaghat (Votes for deletion/Sedaghat) was deleted.
 * Svend Aage Ovesen Jr. (Votes for deletion/Svend Aage Ovesen Jr.) was deleted.
 * Øyvind Vestrheim (Votes for deletion/Øyvind Vestrheim) was deleted.
 * Socialist Lobotomies (Votes for deletion/Socialist Lobotomies) was deleted.
 * Misprint productions (Votes for deletion/Misprint productions) was deleted.
 * Catch Without Arms (album) (Votes for deletion/Catch Without Arms (album)) was kept.
 * On-Air-Dare (Votes for deletion/On-Air-Dare) was deleted.
 * List of Schedule 1 substances (CWC) (Votes_for_deletion/List_of_Schedule_1_substances_(CWC)) was kept.
 * Tube of glue (Votes for deletion/Tube of glue) was deleted.
 * Purocracy (Votes for deletion/Purocracy) was deleted.
 * Pseudowallerian degeneration (Votes for deletion/Pseudowallerian degeneration) was kept.
 * Grandma Butter Chicken (Votes for deletion/Grandma Butter Chicken) was speedy deleted.
 * Like cola (Votes for deletion/Like cola) was kept.
 * Survey of Tithing of Headley (Votes for deletion/Survey of Tithing of Headley) was deleted.
 * The Fans (Votes for deletion/The Fans) was deleted.
 * Critical Information on Jehovah's Witnesses (Votes for deletion/Critical Information on Jehovah's Witnesses2) was speedy deleted, it is now a redirect to Jehovah's Witnesses.
 * Long term abuse/Willy on Wheels and Long term abuse/Wikipedia is Communism (Votes for deletion/Vanity pages for vandals) were both kept.
 * Bazrey (Votes for deletion/Bazrey) was deleted.
 * Freifunk (Votes for deletion/Freifunk) was kept after a total rewrite.
 * Republic of thaumaturgy (Votes for deletion/Republic of thaumaturgy) was deleted.
 * Titbag Spears (Votes for deletion/Titbag Spears) was deleted.
 * Danmark (island) (Votes for deletion/Danmark (island)) was merged with Sandvika.
 * Steve Ullinger (Votes for deletion/Steve Ullinger) was deleted.
 * Jordan Segall (Votes for deletion/Jordan Segall) was speedy deleted.
 * Skripsi and Skripsi Komputer (Votes for deletion/Skripsi) were both deleted.
 * Shoebox drive (Votes for deletion/Shoebox drive) was deleted.
 * Glark (Votes for deletion/Glark) was deleted.
 * 86 (MBTA bus) (Votes for deletion/86 (MBTA bus)) was redirected.
 * Nigger-rigging (Votes for deletion/Nigger-rigging) was merged.
 * Akilam Two, Akilam Three, Akilam Four and Akilam Five (Votes for deletion/Akilam Two) were merged.
 * Plaque conspiracy (Votes for deletion/Plaque conspiracy) was deleted.
 * Jill Pike (Votes for deletion/Jill Pike) was deleted.
 * Atiba Edwards (Votes for deletion/Atiba Edwards) was deleted.
 * Eliezer H. Hardjo (Votes for deletion/Eliezer H. Hardjo) was deleted
 * Grape smuggler (Votes for deletion/Grape smuggler) was deleted.
 * Josh Hambrock (Votes for deletion/Josh Hambrock) was speedy deleted.
 * Doymekokosh (Votes for deletion/Doymekokosh) was deleted.
 * Cattywhompus (Votes for deletion/Cattywhompus) was deleted.
 * Rostrum Campus (Votes for deletion/Rostrum Campus) was deleted.
 * Paul Godshall (Votes for deletion/Paul Godshall) was speedy deleted.
 * Technicolour yawn (Votes for deletion/Technicolour yawn) was redirected to vomiting.
 * Aljuneidi (Votes for deletion/Aljuneidi) was deleted.
 * Sielu (Votes for deletion/Sielu) was transwikied to Wiktionary. Apparently that site is more versatile than I thought...
 * Jmmaar (Votes for deletion/Jmmaar) was deleted.
 * Ultimate bet (Votes for deletion/Ultimate bet) was speedy deleted. OK, I will speedy delete such things in the future.
 * Stages two and three (Votes for deletion/Stages two and three) was deleted.
 * John Moccia (Votes for deletion/John Moccia) was deleted.
 * Junk Magazine (Votes for deletion/Junk Magazine) was deleted.
 * Bad Jokes and Other Deleted Nonsense/Willy on Wheels (on wheels) (Wikipedia:Non-main namespace pages for deletion/Wikipedia:Bad Jokes and Other Deleted Nonsense/Willy on Wheels (on wheels)) was deleted.
 * 01asada (Votes for deletion/01asada) was speedy userfied.
 * Bolcono (Articles for deletion/Bolcono) was deleted.
 * The Secret Power (Articles for deletion/The Secret Power) was deleted.
 * Stargraves ((Articles for deletion/Stargraves) is pending.
 * Black market art (Articles for deletion/Black market art) is pending.
 * Alex Ong (Articles for deletion/Alex Ong) is pending.
 * Mathan (Articles for deletion/Mathan) is pending.

title: User:Sjakkalle/Afd


text:
Avgustyn Voloshyn

The Rt Rev. Avgustyn Ivanovych Monsignor Voloshyn  (Авґустин Волошин, Августин Волошин, Augustin Monsignore Vološin, 17 March 1874 – 19 July 1945), also known as Augustin Voloshyn, was a Carpatho-Ukrainian politician, teacher, essayist, and Greek Catholic priest of the Mukacheve eparchy in Czechoslovakia. He was president of independent Carpatho-Ukraine during its single day's existence (15 March 1939).

Life
Voloshyn was born 17 March 1874 in Kelecsény, Carpathian Ruthenia, Máramaros County, Austria-Hungary (now Kelechyn, Ukraine). He studied at the Ungvár (now Uzhhorod, Ukraine) School of Theology and at Budapest University. He became a Greek Catholic priest and in 1924 was appointed a papal chamberlain (thus gaining the title of Monsignor). From 1900 to 1917 he was a professor of mathematics at Uzhhorod Teacher Institute.

In 1918 he became head of the Subcarpathian National Council, which in 1919 asked Czechoslovakia to confederate Carpathian Ruthenia into Czechoslovakia; this came about in autumn 1919. In 1925 he was elected an MP to Parliament in Prague, as leader of the Ruthenian National Christian Party.

On 26 October 1938 Czechoslovak President Hácha named Voloshyn head of the government of the Subcarpathian Autonomous Region. Following the breakup of Czechoslovakia in March 1939, Voloshyn tried to proclaim Carpatho-Ukraine's independence and, with the help of local units of the Czechoslovak Army, on 15 March 1939 for a few hours became president of Carpatho-Ukraine. He proposed, to the Kingdom of Romania, Carpatho-Ukraine's unification with Romania, but the proposal was rejected and one day later the region was occupied by, and annexed to, Hungary. On 19 March 1939 Voloshyn, under the protection of the last Czechoslovak troops, retreated to the border of Romania, an ally of Czechoslovakia. Voloshyn then fled to Prague, where he lived during the war and was a professor at the Ukrainian Free University. In October and November 1944 the Soviet Red Army captured Carpathian Ruthenia, which was incorporated into the Ukrainian SSR. (The government of Czechoslovakia subsequently, on 29 June 1945, agreed to the territory's cession.) The population of Carpathian Ruthenia thus became Soviet citizens.

When the Soviet army took Prague in May 1945, Voloshyn was arrested by the NKVD and taken to Moscow. Though he had never been a Soviet citizen, he was accused of being a "Ukrainian nationalist and hostile to the Soviet Union." He died 19 July 1945 in Moscow's Butyrka prison; the official cause of death was given as heart failure.

In 2002, by decree of then Ukrainian president Leonid Kuchma, Voloshyn was recognized as a Hero of Ukraine, with  the civilian decoration of the Order of the State.

title: Avgustyn Voloshyn


text:
Szklarska Poręba

Szklarska Poręba (Schreiberhau) is a town in Karkonosze County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. The town has a population of around 6,500. It is a popular ski resort.

An important regional and national centre for mountain hiking, cycling and skiing, Szklarska Poręba is situated in the Sudetes, in the valley of the Kamienna, between the Karkonosze Mountains in the south and Jizera Mountains in the west, at 440–886 m above sea level, 26 km south-west of Jelenia Góra. The ski resorts in this area are growing in popularity as a budget alternative to the Alps, thanks to wide range of both Alpine and Nordic skiing facilities.

History
The land on which the village was founded was bought in the 13th century from Duke Bernard the Lightsome by the Knights Hospitaller descending from Calidus Fons (now Cieplice Śląskie-Zdrój in Jelenia Góra), who were interested in finding gold and precious gems in the area. It was part of the duchies of Lwówek and Jawor, the southwesternmost duchies of fragmented Piast-ruled Poland. The village was established, as part of the Duchy of Jawor, by German colonists. It was first mentioned in 1366 and 1372 in conjunction with a glass factory, forerunner of the famed later Josephinenhütte, as Schribirshau and Schreibershow.

In 1578 several Czech Protestants moved to the village and greatly contributed to its development. Among the refugees was Marie Pluch, which gave the district Marysin its name. Experts on herbal medicine, who collected medicinal plants and produced famous herbal medicines, have made their mark in the history of the region. Over time the glass factory moved deeper into the mountains. In 1617 the Preußler family migrated from the southern, Bohemian side of the Karkonosze ridge to Silesia and received a concession to run a movable glass factory from the counts of Schaffgotsch, landlords of Schreiberhau. The glass industry of the village was dominated by the Preußler family for the next 200 years. In 1842 Franz Pohl, son-in-law of the last Preußler, persuaded Count Schaffgotsch to establish a new glass factory in Schreiberhau. This Josephinenhütte became the largest and best glass factory in Silesia, while Schreiberhau greatly expanded to become the largest village in Prussia, which annexed the region in 1742, with 15 districts covering 43 km2. Around 1900 several artists discovered the beauty of the countryside and formed the Schreiberhau artists' colony, among them Gerhart Hauptmann and his brother Carl, Otto Mueller, Wilhelm Bölsche, and composer Anna Teichmüller. In 1911, founded the Silesian Artistic Weaving Workshop with an exhibition gallery, which existed until 1919. Later, younger artists formed the St. Lukas artists' association. In 1925 the first winter games of the International Workers Olympiad (organised by the Socialist Workers' Sport International) were held in the town. Twelve national delegations participated.

During World War II the Reich Labour Service (RAD) ran two Nazi German labor camps, RAD-Abteilung 6/103 and RAD-Abteilung 6/107, in the settlement. In 1942, the Germans also established a forced labour camp for Soviet prisoners of war in its vicinity.

After the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II Schreiberhau became again part of Poland under the territorial changes of Poland after World War II and was given the name Szklarska Poręba which literally means "glass clearing". In accordance to the Potsdam Agreement, the German inhabitants were expelled and the village was resettled with Poles, many of whom were themselves expelled from former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union. The Josephinenhütte was moved to Schwäbisch Gmünd. The glass factory in Szklarska Poręba was renamed and continued to operate. On 22–27 September 1947 the conference on the establishment of the communist information office (Kominform) took place in the village. Following the Korean War, in 1953–1959, Poland admitted 181 North Korean orphans in Szklarska Poręba. The village gained the status of a town in 1959. In 1963, a mass grave of POWs murdered by the Germans in World War II was discovered.

Transport
The town used to be connected via the Zackenbahn railway to Tanvald in Bohemia. The cross-border passenger line was closed in 1945 when the town was given to Poland and remained closed until 2010. In 2010 the cross-border railway connection was reconstructed and is now operated by passenger trains from Kořenov. The railway connection to Jelenia Góra plays a minor role, since the scale of the mining industry in the town's vicinity has decreased. Koleje Dolnośląskie D21 line runs from Szklarska Poręba Górna to Liberec.

A section of national road no. 3, also part of European route E65, passes through the town.

Sports
FIS Cross-Country World Cup events were held in Szklarska Poręba in 2012 and 2014. The Bieg Piastów cross-country skiing marathon is held in the town since 1976.

Notable people

 * Joseph Partsch (1851–1925), German geographer
 * Max Standfuss (1854–1917), Swiss scientist
 * Wlastimil Hofman (1881–1970), Czech-Polish painter
 * Mirosław Graf (born 1959), Polish former ski jumper and mayor of Szklarska Poręba

Twin towns – sister cities
Szklarska Poręba is twinned with:

 * 🇩🇪 Bad Harzburg, Germany
 * 🇨🇿 Harrachov, Czech Republic
 * 🇵🇱 Kazimierz Dolny, Poland
 * 🇨🇿 Kořenov, Czech Republic
 * 🇩🇪 Worpswede, Germany

title: Szklarska Poręba


text:
Muller's method

Muller's method is a root-finding algorithm, a numerical method for solving equations of the form f(x) = 0. It was first presented by David E. Muller in 1956.

Muller's method is based on the secant method, which constructs at every iteration a line through two points on the graph of f. Instead, Muller's method uses three points, constructs the parabola through these three points, and takes the intersection of the x-axis with the parabola to be the next approximation.

Recurrence relation
Muller's method is a recursive method which generates an approximation of the root ξ of f at each iteration. Starting with the three initial values x0, x−1 and x−2, the first iteration calculates the first approximation x1, the second iteration calculates the second approximation x2, the third iteration calculates the third approximation x3, etc. Hence the kth iteration generates approximation xk. Each iteration takes as input the last three generated approximations and the value of f at these approximations. Hence the kth iteration takes as input the values xk-1, xk-2 and xk-3 and the function values f(xk-1), f(xk-2) and f(xk-3). The approximation xk is calculated as follows.

A parabola yk(x) is constructed which goes through the three points (xk-1, f(xk-1)), (xk-2, f(xk-2)) and (xk-3, f(xk-3)). When written in the Newton form, yk(x) is
 * $$ y_k(x) = f(x_{k-1}) + (x-x_{k-1}) f[x_{k-1}, x_{k-2}] + (x-x_{k-1}) (x-x_{k-2}) f[x_{k-1}, x_{k-2}, x_{k-3}], \, $$

where f[xk-1, xk-2] and f[xk-1, xk-2, xk-3] denote divided differences. This can be rewritten as
 * $$ y_k(x) = f(x_{k-1}) + w(x-x_{k-1}) + f[x_{k-1}, x_{k-2}, x_{k-3}] \, (x-x_{k-1})^2 \, $$

where
 * $$ w = f[x_{k-1},x_{k-2}] + f[x_{k-1},x_{k-3}] - f[x_{k-2},x_{k-3}]. \, $$

The next iterate xk is now given as the solution closest to xk-1 of the quadratic equation yk(x) = 0. This yields the recurrence relation
 * $$ x_{k} = x_{k-1} - \frac{2f(x_{k-1})}{w \pm \sqrt{w^2 - 4f(x_{k-1})f[x_{k-1}, x_{k-2}, x_{k-3}]}}. $$

In this formula, the sign should be chosen such that the denominator is as large as possible in magnitude. We do not use the standard formula for solving quadratic equations because that may lead to loss of significance.

Note that xk can be complex, even if the previous iterates were all real. This is in contrast with other root-finding algorithms like the secant method, Sidi's generalized secant method or Newton's method, whose iterates will remain real if one starts with real numbers. Having complex iterates can be an advantage (if one is looking for complex roots) or a disadvantage (if it is known that all roots are real), depending on the problem.

Speed of convergence
The order of convergence of Muller's method is approximately 1.84. This can be compared with 1.62 for the secant method and 2 for Newton's method. So, the secant method makes less progress per iteration than Muller's method and Newton's method makes more progress.

More precisely, if ξ denotes a single root of f (so f(ξ) = 0 and f ' (ξ) ≠ 0), f is three times continuously differentiable, and the initial guesses x0, x1, and x2 are taken sufficiently close to ξ, then the iterates satisfy
 * $$ \lim_{k\to\infty} \frac{|x_k-\xi|}{|x_{k-1}-\xi|^\mu} = \left| \frac{f'''(\xi)}{6f'(\xi)} \right|^{(\mu-1)/2}, $$

where μ ≈ 1.84 is the positive solution of $$ x^3 - x^2 - x - 1 = 0 $$.

Generalizations and related methods
Muller's method fits a parabola, i.e. a second-order polynomial, to the last three obtained points f(xk-1), f(xk-2) and f(xk-3) in each iteration. One can generalize this and fit a polynomial pk,m(x) of degree m to the last m+1 points in the kth iteration. Our parabola yk is written as pk,2 in this notation. The degree m must be 1 or larger. The next approximation xk is now one of the roots of the pk,m, i.e. one of the solutions of pk,m(x)=0. Taking m=1 we obtain the secant method whereas m=2 gives Muller's method.

Muller calculated that the sequence {xk} generated this way converges to the root ξ with an order μm where μm is the positive solution of $$ x^{m+1} - x^m - x^{m-1} - \dots - x - 1 = 0 $$.

The method is much more difficult though for m>2 than it is for m=1 or m=2 because it is much harder to determine the roots of a polynomial of degree 3 or higher. Another problem is that there seems no prescription of which of the roots of pk,m to pick as the next approximation xk for m>2.

These difficulties are overcome by Sidi's generalized secant method which also employs the polynomial pk,m. Instead of trying to solve pk,m(x)=0, the next approximation xk is calculated with the aid of the derivative of pk,m at xk-1 in this method.

Computational example
Below, Muller's method is implemented in the Python programming language. It is then applied to find a root of the function $f(x) = x^{2} − 612$.

title: Muller's method


text:
Talk:Department of Cuzco

Cusco or Cuzco?
The spelling of Cusco/Cuzco is a real quandary at Cusco and just as perplexing here. Peru itself spells it with an "s", as the reference I just added shows. So this should probably be the same. - DavidWBrooks (talk) 17:44, 31 July 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 1 one external link on Cusco Region. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130127005551/http://iinei.inei.gob.pe/iinei/RedatamCpv2007.asp?id=ResultadosCensales?ori=C to http://iinei.inei.gob.pe/iinei/RedatamCpv2007.asp?id=ResultadosCensales?ori=C

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title: Talk:Department of Cuzco


text:
Talk:Geography of Peru

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Winston.henvey, Allenprimer92, PaulinaPineda, JacquelineHer96, AustinByboth, TimMac95.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 22:15, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
Woah....pictures are not organized well at all.-Jersey Devil 05:39, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

ATTENTION!!!

This article contains mostly climate data, where a "CLIMATE OF PERU" article already exists. The data present here should be merged with "Climate of Peru". This article needs to be based around "Physical Geography" data such as: terrain, elevation, glaciation, ecosystems, natural resources, natural hazards...

Consider restructuring this article. -24.180.47.156 (talk) 22:13, 16 March 2008 (UTC).

Assessment comment
Substituted at 15:57, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Geography of Peru


text:
David Roberts

David or Dave Roberts may refer to:

Arts and literature

 * David Roberts (painter) (1796–1864), Scottish painter
 * Dewi Havhesp (David Roberts, 1831–1884), Welsh poet
 * David Thomas Roberts (born 1955), American composer
 * David Roberts (illustrator) (born 1970), British children's illustrator
 * Dave Roberts (musician) (fl. 1980s), English musician
 * David Roberts (fl. 1990s), singer with American a cappella group Straight No Chaser
 * David Roberts (fl. 1990s), founder of the Roberts Institute of Art
 * David Roberts (novelist) (fl. 2000s), English editor and mystery writer

Film and television

 * Dave Roberts (broadcaster) (David Thomas Boreanaz, born 1936), American television personality
 * David Roberts (Australian actor) (fl. 1990s), Australian actor who has appeared in television, film and theatre
 * Dave Roberts (American actor) (fl. 2000s), American actor
 * Dave Roberts (EastEnders) (fl. 2000s), fictional character in the British television series EastEnders

Law and politics

 * David Roberts (diplomat) (1924–1987), British ambassador to Lebanon, Syria, and the United Arab Emirates
 * David G. Roberts (1928–1999), American jurist in Maine Supreme Judicial Court
 * David Roberts (mayor) (born 1956), American politician, mayor of Hoboken, New Jersey
 * Dave Roberts (California politician) (born 1960), American politician in San Diego County, California

Baseball

 * Dave Roberts (first baseman) (1933–2021), Panamanian baseball player
 * Dave Roberts (pitcher) (1944–2009), American baseball player
 * Dave Roberts (third baseman) (born 1951), American baseball player
 * Dave Roberts (baseball manager) (born 1972), American baseball manager and former outfielder

Other sports

 * Dave Roberts (English footballer) (fl. 1923–1926), English centre forward
 * David Roberts (MCC cricketer) (born 1942), English cricketer
 * David Roberts (climber) (1943–2021), American mountaineer and author
 * Dave Roberts (American football) (born 1947), US college football coach
 * Dave Roberts (Welsh footballer) (born 1949), played for Fulham, Oxford United, Hull City, and Cardiff City
 * David Roberts (pole vaulter) (born 1951), American pole vaulter
 * Dave Roberts (sports broadcaster) (born 1964), TV and radio sports broadcaster and football referee
 * David Roberts (ice hockey) (born 1970), American ice hockey forward
 * David Roberts (cricketer, born 1976), English cricketer
 * David Roberts (swimmer) (born 1980), Welsh Paralympic gold medalist

Others

 * David Lloyd Roberts (1835–1920), British gynaecologist, medical author and bibliophile
 * David Roberts (engineer) (1859–1928), English inventor of the caterpillar track
 * David Roberts (priest) (died 1935), Welsh Anglican priest
 * David Roberts (architect) (1911–1982), British architect and educator
 * David Gwilym Morris Roberts (1925–2020), British civil engineer
 * David Roberts (academic) (born 1937), Australian professor of German studies

title: David Roberts


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Mimi Jakobsen

Mimi Jakobsen (born 19 November 1948 in Copenhagen) is a Danish former politician and government minister and secretary general of the Danish chapter of the International Save the Children Alliance. After 15 years she resigned from her position as secretary general of Save the Children Denmark on 17 June 2015.

From 1989 to 2005 she was leader of the Centre Democrats, a political party formed by her father, former Social Democrat Erhard Jakobsen, in 1973. She was minister of culture in the mid-1980s.

On the 21 December 2006 she announced that she joined the Social Democratic party.

title: Mimi Jakobsen