text:
Adelaide, Abbess of Vilich

Adelaide, Abbess of Vilich (c. 970 – 5 February 1015(?), her date of birth and death are controversial), also known as Adelheid, was the abbess of Vilich and also of St. Maria im Kapitol in Cologne; she was declared a saint post-mortem. After her death, she was remembered for the miracles that were ascribed to her. Her parents were Megingoz, count of Guelders, and Gerberga, who was a descendant of German king Henry the Fowler. They were also the founders of the convent at Vilich. The main source for her life is the hagiographical work Vita Adelheidis.

Life
Adelaide was born around 970, the youngest daughter of Megengoz, Count of Geldern, and his wife Gerberga. As a child, she was given to the convent of St. Ursula in Cologne, probably before 977, where she was educated according to the Rule of St Jerome, and engaged in philosophical studies, according to her Vita. When her older brother Godfrey died in battle in 977, her parents began funding the construction of a church in his honour at Vilich (today part of Bonn-Beuel) and worked to establish a female monastic community following the rule of the observances of the canonesses. As part of this process, they redeemed their daughter from St Ursula with a gift of land and established her as abbess of the newly founded community at Vilich.

To determine Vilich's legal position in the empire, her parents appealed to emperor Otto III in 987 to obtain a charter granting Vilich the same legal status as the imperial convents of Gandersheim, Quedlinburg, and Essen. This charter was confirmed by a papal bull from Pope Gregory VI, dated 24 May 996.

Due to the death of her mother Geberga in c.995, Adelaide was forced to lead the convent by herself. She used this position of power to change the rule of Vilich to the Rule of Saint Benedict despite some canonesses of the convent resisting this change and leaving Vilich. Three years after Gerberga's death, Adelaide's father Megengoz died as well. He was buried alongside his wife at Vilich. Adelaide inherited a large part of the family's wealth. Some of it was used to buy land for the convent while the remaining funds were given to the poor in a charitable act.

In c.1000, Adelaide's sister Bertrada, abbess of St Mary in the Capitol died. Archbishop Heribert of Cologne expressed wishes for Adelaide to assume responsibility for the abbey. Initially, Adelaide declined the offer allegedly due to the distance between Vilich and St Mary in the Capitol. Despite this, Archbishop Heribert of Cologne managed to enforce his wish by contacting the emperor in Aachen. It is not clear from the Vita Adelheidis if this had been emperor Otto III or Henry II. Adelaide was subsequently called to the court and confirmed as abbess of St Mary in the Capitol. Adelaide's new position led to her charitable work in Vilich becoming well-known in the city of Cologne. Her favourable reputation increased after bad harvests in the following years, during which Adelaide cared for the people in Cologne. While her relationship with Archbishop Heribert is described by the vita as one of caritas, the sisters at Vilich are depicted as feeling neglected due to Adelaide spending time in Cologne.

On 5 February of an unknown year, Adelaide died of a sore throat in the company of her friend Archbishop Heribert. Her sisters from Vilich did not believe a message describing Adelaide's illness and arrived after she had died. Archbishop Heribert wished for Adelaide to be buried in Cologne, but the sisters convinced him to have her buried in Vilich.

Veneration
During her term of office, the region around Cologne was affected by famines. Therefore, she prayed for the poorest and as a result, a source of water arose in the district of Pützchen in modern-day Bonn. The source was transformed into a well and it became an important pilgrimage destination for the worship of Adelheid. This fountain has been preserved until today; every year in September, there is a pilgrimage in veneration of Adelheid. In 1641, her grave in the Vilicher Stiftskirche was opened and it was empty. After this discovery, the number of pilgrims fell sharply, but every year a few relics were and still are shown to the public.

Besides this well, some other miracles have been recorded, which are supposed to have taken place at her grave. Adelaide was declared Servant of God on 22 November 1922, and canonized by Pope Paul VI on 27 January 1966. As her day of death, the 5th of February was confirmed as the official day of her remembrance and feast day.

Even today, several churches and monasteries in Bonn and Cologne, as well as several schools, are named after her. On 8 September 2008 Adelaide was proclaimed the third city patron saint of Bonn.

title: Adelaide, Abbess of Vilich


text:
Saskatoon City (federal electoral district)

Saskatoon City was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1949.

History
This riding was created in 1933 from Saskatoon riding. The Saskatoon City riding was abolished in 1947 when it was redistributed into Rosthern, Rosetown—Biggar and Saskatoon ridings.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of the House of Commons of Canada:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Talk:Heung Fa Chuen

go see the Heng Fa Chuen page!

title: Talk:Heung Fa Chuen


text:
Horton Plaza

Horton Plaza may refer to two places in San Diego, California:
 * Horton Plaza Park, a historic city park
 * Horton Plaza Mall, a shopping mall

title: Horton Plaza


text:
Wood Mountain (electoral district)

Wood Mountain was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1949.

This riding was created in 1933 from parts of Willow Bunch riding. It was abolished in 1947 when it was redistributed into Assiniboia, Maple Creek and Swift Current ridings.

title: Wood Mountain (electoral district)


text:
Bassel Fleihan

Bassel Fleihan (10 September 1963 – 18 April 2005; باسل فليحان) was a Lebanese legislator and minister of economy and trade. He died from injuries sustained when a massive bomb exploded on the Beirut seafront as he passed by in former Lebanese prime minister Rafik Hariri's motorcade on 14 February 2005.

Early years and education
Fleihan was born in Beirut on 10 September 1963. He attended International College. He received a bachelor of arts degree in economics from the American University of Beirut (AUB) in 1984. Then he obtained a master of arts degree in international and development economics from Yale University in 1985. He also held a PhD in economics from Columbia University in 1990. His PhD dissertation was entitled “Customs Unions, Growth and Economic Diversification”.

Career
From 1988 to 1993, Fleihan worked at the International Monetary Fund in Washington DC. He worked there as an advisor and then senior advisor to the Saudi executive director. He also worked at the United Nations Development Programme. In 1993, he left his job and returned to Lebanon, where he had been asked to assist in the post-war rehabilitation of the ministry of finance. While working as an adviser at the ministry, from 1993 to 1999, Fleihan also taught economics at his old alma mater, the American University of Beirut (AUB).

Fleihan was first elected to the Parliament of Lebanon in 2000, winning the Protestant seat in Beirut's first electoral district, and became the only Protestant member of the Parliament. He ran as a member of Hariri's "Dignity of Beirut" electoral list. In October 2000, he was appointed minister of economy and trade to the cabinet led by then prime minister Rafik Hariri. He held this position until 2003, and was replaced by Marwan Hamadeh.

Fleihan played a role in the development of Lebanon's economic reform program, which was presented by Hariri to international donors at a Paris conference in November 2002. Donors pledged $4.3 billion in soft loans; the plan was never fully implemented, but Lebanon did ultimately receive $2.39 billion from the donors.

Personal life
Fleihan was a Protestant and a member of the National Evangelical Church of Beirut. Fleihan is survived by his wife, Yasma Fleihan, their children, Rayna (born 1999) and Rayan (born 2001), and his brother Ramsay and his family.

Death and funeral
The day before the Hariri assassination, Fleihan was in Geneva, Switzerland. Although his wife had tried to convince him to extend his stay in Europe, Fleihan insisted on returning to Lebanon for an extraordinary Parliamentary session scheduled for 14 February 2005. After the session, Fleihan joined Hariri in his motorcade to head back to the latter's mansion in West Beirut. About half-way through their journey, a one-ton truck bomb exploded as they passed through the city's upscale seafront hotel district. At least a dozen people—including Hariri and several of his bodyguards—were killed instantly; the final death toll rose to 21. A United Nations investigation of the incident by Detlev Mehlis, released in October 2005, pointed the finger at Syrian and Lebanese officials.

Despite being seated beside Hariri when the explosion occurred, Fleihan lived through the attack; however, severe burns covered over 95% of his body. Fleihan was firstly taken to the intensive care unit of the American University Hospital. Then he was airlifted to Percy Military Hospital in Clamart (suburb of Paris), where he survived for 64 days before finally succumbing to his injuries. He died on 18 April 2005.

Fleihan's body was taken to Lebanon and funeral service was held at a Protestant church in Beirut. His body was buried in Tohwita, suburb of Beirut, on 22 April.

Legacy
His family established Basil Fuleihan Foundation in Lebanon after his death. The aim of the foundation is stated to be the provision of the basis for tomorrow’s Lebanon by promoting improvements in public policy and public service. In February 2006, the finance institute at Lebanese finance ministry was named the "Bassel Fleihan finance and economy institute", which Fleihan actively contributed its foundation in 1996.

title: Bassel Fleihan


text:
Category talk:Ontario federal electoral districts

Untitled
Eventually the em dashes in the titles should be replaced with hyphens. Em dashes are a non-typable character and do not display properly on all browsers. (Manual of Style (dashes)) I contacted User:Fawcett5 about why they were like that, and he said that it was just because they are formatted in that way on the source list he was using. I don't really feel like replacing them all myself but I figured I would put this here. - Stoph 03:03, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)


text:
Aaron Rosanoff

Aaron Joshua Rosanoff (26 June 1878 in Pinsk, Russian Empire – 7 January 1943) was an American psychiatrist who studied psychosis and was closely associated with Eugenics Record Office and a member of the Eugenics Research Association.

Life and career
Born in Belarus, Rosanoff emigrated to the United States in 1891 and received an MD from Cornell in 1900. He worked as a physician at Kings Park Hospital from 1901 until 1922. From 1922 until his death in 1943, Rosanoff was a psychiatrist for the L.A. Diagnostic Clinic, and was California's State Director of Institutions and State Commissioner of Lunacy in 1933.

Closely associated with Eugenics Record Office and a member of the Eugenics Research Association, Rosanoff was a member of the American Eugenics Society Advisory council from 1923 to 1935. He was also a member of the editorial Board of the American Journal of Psychiatry. In 1905 he translated Manual of Psychiatry by Joseph Rogues de Fursac, a medical school textbook which went through several editions and from 1927 appeared only under Rosanoff's name.

Work
Rosanoff studied both the physiological and genetic factors that lead to various psychosis, and is best known for his Theory of Personality, which broke down the human personality into seven scales: Normal, Hysteroid, Manic, Depressive, Autistic, Paranoid, and Epileptoid. These scales first modelled in the Humm-Wadsworth Temperament Scale personality test in 1935. These scales were used into the 1970s, notably by Chandler McLeod, who use a modified Humm system.

title: Aaron Rosanoff


text:
User talk:Jjhat1

Welcome
Hi and welcome to wikipedia. I hope you like it and decide to stay. Here are some handy links for newcomers. Also you can sign your name on talk pages and vote pages with three tildes like this, and your name with a time stamp with four like this ~. Howabout1 03:04, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Welcome
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Help pages
 * Village pump
 * help desk
 * Wiquette

P.S. Keep up the good editing

Speedy deletion of Speed School Student Council
A tag has been placed on Speed School Student Council requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not indicate the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for biographies.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on |the article's talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. KurtRaschke (talk) 19:57, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:SSSC Logo.png)
Thanks for uploading Image:SSSC Logo.png. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 04:52, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for File:Eyes_(TV_Series)_-_Harlan_Judd.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:Eyes_(TV_Series)_-_Harlan_Judd.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use. Suggestions on how to do so can be found here.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice? —  pd_THOR  undefined | 18:03, 27 April 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jjhat1


text:
Borel–Carathéodory theorem

In mathematics, the Borel–Carathéodory theorem in complex analysis shows that an analytic function may be bounded by its real part. It is an application of the maximum modulus principle. It is named for Émile Borel and Constantin Carathéodory.

Statement of the theorem
Let a function $$f$$ be analytic on a closed disc of radius R centered at the origin. Suppose that r < R. Then, we have the following inequality:

 * $$ \|f\|_r \le \frac{2r}{R-r} \sup_{|z| \le R} \operatorname{Re} f(z) + \frac{R+r}{R-r} |f(0)|. $$

Here, the norm on the left-hand side denotes the maximum value of f in the closed disc:

 * $$ \|f\|_r = \max_{|z| \le r} |f(z)| = \max_{|z| = r} |f(z)|$$

(where the last equality is due to the maximum modulus principle).

Proof
Define A by

 * $$ A = \sup_{|z| \le R} \operatorname{Re} f(z). $$

If f is constant c, the inequality follows from $$(R+r)|c|+2r\operatorname{Re}c\ge(R-r)|c|$$, so we may assume f is nonconstant. First let f(0) = 0. Since Re f is harmonic, Re f(0) is equal to the average of its values around any circle centered at 0. That is,

 * $$ \operatorname{Re} f(0) = \int_0^1 \operatorname{Re} f(R{\rm e}^{2\pi{\rm i} s}){\,\rm d}s. $$

Since f is regular and nonconstant, we have that Re f is also nonconstant. Since Re f(0) = 0, we must have Re $$ f(z) > 0 $$ for some z on the circle $$|z|=R$$, so we may take $$A>0$$. Now f maps into the half-plane P to the left of the x=A line. Roughly, our goal is to map this half-plane to a disk, apply Schwarz's lemma there, and make out the stated inequality.

$$w \mapsto w/A - 1$$ sends P to the standard left half-plane. $$w \mapsto R(w+1)/(w-1)$$ sends the left half-plane to the circle of radius R centered at the origin. The composite, which maps 0 to 0, is the desired map:

 * $$w \mapsto \frac{Rw}{w-2A}.$$

From Schwarz's lemma applied to the composite of this map and f, we have

 * $$\frac{|Rf(z)|}{|f(z)-2A|} \leq |z|.$$

Take |z| ≤ r. The above becomes

 * $$R|f(z)| \leq r|f(z) - 2A| \leq r|f(z)| + 2Ar$$

so

 * $$|f(z)| \leq \frac{2Ar}{R-r}$$,

as claimed. In the general case, we may apply the above to f(z)-f(0):

\begin{align} |f(z)|-|f(0)| &\leq |f(z)-f(0)| \leq \frac{2r}{R-r} \sup_{|w| \leq R} \operatorname{Re}(f(w) - f(0)) \\ &\leq \frac{2r}{R-r} \left(\sup_{|w| \leq R} \operatorname{Re} f(w) + |f(0)|\right), \end{align}$$

which, when rearranged, gives the claim.

Alternative result and proof
We start with the following result:

$$

$$ $$

$$

Applications
Borel–Carathéodory is often used to bound the logarithm of derivatives, such as in the proof of Hadamard factorization theorem.

The following example is a strengthening of Liouville's theorem.

$$

$$

title: Borel–Carathéodory theorem


text:
Talk:BLU-82

Full of Errors
This article is full of errors and is basically worthless. As a C-130 crewmember who was involved in the COMMANDO VAULT project when the Blu 82 came out, I am not at all happy with it. To begin with, Blu 82s were not dropped by Army CH-54s. The Army originally used some M-121 10,000-pound TNT bombs that had been developed for use by the B-36 bomber. Test drops of the first Blu 82s in Vietnam were from a C-130 two years later. Army helicopters dropped a few M-121s but their use was cost prohibitive so the mission was given to the Air Force's 463rd Tactical Airlift Wing and C-130s were used. The total weight of the bomb was 15,000 pounds. The weight of the explosive component is irrelevant since the shrapnel from the casing was part of the overall explosive effect. Aerial bombs are always categorized by their actual weight, not the weight of the explosive. SamMcGowan (talk) 04:26, 25 May 2010 (UTC)

RTS Game
I am surprised that this was not present before, i added it in popular culture, the game is from 2003 and 2004(expansion), in which I think is the only popular games to fully feature it for purpose use. Xowets (talk) 13:43, 13 May 2010 (UTC)

BLU?
What does "BLU" stand for?

71.199.122.99 (talk) 00:07, 17 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Bomb Live Unit Mark Sublette (talk) 00:52, 17 January 2009 (UTC)Mark SubletteMark Sublette (talk) 00:52, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

I marked the last sentence as dubious. This is a slurry weapon. The MOAB or the SMAW are pressure weapons or thermobaric. PETN 04:12, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * WRT that last sentence- http://www.megabrain.com/daisy.htm

"[...]

The day before, their target area had been rained with leaflets warning the soldiers below: "Tomorrow if you don't surrender we're going to drop on you the largest conventional weapon in the world." The Iraqis who dared to sleep that night found out the allies weren't kidding. The explosion of a Daisy Cutter looks like an atomic bomb detonating. In the southwest corner of Kuwait that night, an enormous mushroom cloud flared into the dark. Sound travels for miles in the barren desert, and soon Iraqi radio nets along the border crackled with traffic. Col. Mike Samuel, Schwarzkopf's special-operations commander, cabled a message back to the U.S. Special Operations Command headquarters in Florida: "We're not too sure how you say 'Jesus Christ' in Iraqi." A British SAS commando team on a secret reconnaissance mission near the explosion frantically radioed back to its headquarters: "Sir, the blokes have just nuked Kuwait!"

The next day a Combat Talon swept over the bomb site for another leaflet drop with a follow-up message: "You have just been hit with the largest conventional bomb in the world. More are on the way." The victims below didn't need much more convincing. The day after the BLU-82 attack, an Iraqi battalion commander and his staff raced across the border to surrender. Among the defectors was the commander's intelligence officer, clutching maps of the minefields along the Kuwait border. The intelligence bonanza enabled Central Command officers to pick out the gaps and weak spots in the mine defenses. When the ground war began Marine and allied forces breached them within hours.

[...]" I'm a harvard student and one of my professors is a defense department employee at the naval war college. The way he tells the story that I believe the above user is refering to is that it was not the British but the Australian troops that having seen the mushroom cloud at a distance radioed their commanders with the message that the Americans had gone mad and started using battlefield (tactical) nukes against iraqi occupation forces. I would assume that he knows what hes talking about because he knows lots of defense department officials.

Weight
What is the weight of this device. The photo says 15,000 lb, but it is not in th earticle. The source of the weight info should be cited. Cafe Nervosa | talk  18:42, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Weight and size is quoted here in the article, and note that although the factsheet states that the Daisycutter was delivered via the cargo doors of a transport aircraft it does not claim that it was too heavy to be carried on the bomb racks of bombers. The B52 will provide an example: it can carry 60,000 lbs of bombs in various configurations. These include the B41 nuclear bomb, (physically as large as the Daisycutter), and any bomb in the inventory past or present. The claim that the Daisycutter cannot be carried by current bombers needs to be substantiated or removed. Of course thare may have been other reasons why transport aircraft were used, but weight was surely not among the reasons. Brian.Burnell 16:15, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

The raw weight of the BLU-82 is not the issue, as you pointed out. There are two factors that would prevent the carrying of the BLU-82 in or under a bomber such as the B-52.

1. The first issue would be how to attach the BLU-82 to the, say, B-52. The BLU-82 does not have conventional lugs nor could any conventional top mounted lugs support the weight due to the thin skin of the ordinance. BLU-82s need to be supported from the bottom (usually by a pallet). This is why it is especially well suited for cargo aircraft delivery.

2. The second issue concerns the balance in the aircraft (B-52). While it is true that the B-52 can carry 50,000 Lbs of ordnance, this ordnance must be distributed to maintain balance in the aircraft. The single largest piece of ordnance that the B-52 was able to carry was one B-53 Nuclear bomb. This only weighted 9,000 pounds and only by setting the horizontal stabilizers to their maximum deflection could the B-52 carry one (barely). Trying to balance a single piece of ordnance that weighs 15,000 pounds may put the balance of the B-52 out of limits. Throckmorton Guildersleeve (talk) 19:07, 8 July 2008 (UTC)

"which is an understatement, see daisy)"

 * huh??? - Omegatron 03:07, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

Daises are notoriously easy to cut, whereas the BLU-82 pulverizes small trees. just a bit of humor on the author's part, IMHO. ArrowmanCoder

"1991 Second Gulf War"? pretty sure it should be 1991 gulf war of 2003 Second Gulf War, not sure which though. say1988 15:36, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)

1980s Iran-Iraq War = First Gulf War; 1991 Gulf War (Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait & Coalition liberation) = Second Gulf War;  2003 Gulf War (Coalition invasion to depost Hussein) = Third Gulf War

Hope this helps. Knave

 * Are you really that naive? Do you have any clue how many wars have happened in or near the Persian Gulf?? Hope this helps. PETN 04:16, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

Converted metric tons to kilograms, as the previous could be confused with short tons by American readers and others accustomed to using the short avoirdupois units. Hyuri 08:04, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

"The Air Force successfully lobbied for the development of an even larger, 30,000 lb (13,600 kg) weapon, which would be deployed from a traditional bomber". If you see the MOAB page, the actual weight of the bomb is 9800 kgs. Someone should disprove one of these weights or I will change it; it seems remarkably like Original Research. --The1exile 19:25, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

New Scientist quotes the USAF research lab as saying they are developing a 13 ton version of the MOAB. This may be where the original number came from. This is in the article at http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn3495 --kfitzner, 28 Mar 2006

Much of the content of this page seems to be a mediocre re-write of this URL: http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/dumb/blu-82.htm -- 02 March 2006.

Older daisycutter?
I have read stories about WWII pilots dropping "daisy cutter" bombs which were some type of fragmentation anti-personell weapon. I remember them being something like in the 200-350 pound range, not the monster mentioned here. I think the vietnam era jungle clearer was just an adaptation of this name.

=I am watching the documentary series "Heroes of World War II with Walter Cronkite" (narrator). The narration just said that bombers dropped 2,000 pound bombs with extended nose fuses so that they would explode prior to the main body of the bomb impacting the ground. This was during the battle at Tarawa and it was used as an anti-personnel weapon. They were termed "Daisy Cutters" with Cronkite, himself, using the term..

Straight from the USAF Museums web site: the BLU-82/B was essentially a large thin-walled tank (1/4-inch steel plate) filled with a 12,600-lb. explosive "slurry" mixture. The designers optimized this bomb to clear vegetation while creating little or no crater, and it cleared landing zones about 260 feet in diameter-just right for helicopter operations. Since only cargo aircraft could carry them, C-130 crews delivered the BLU-82/B with normal parachute cargo extraction systems.

 * From what I've read, the "original" Daisy Cutter was a bomb dropped in Vietnam by MC-130s that was developed from leftover conventional warheads designed to be dropped from B-36 Peacemakers. 147.145.40.43 22:29, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I once worked with a gent who was an NCO in USAF munitions from the mid-fifties to the early seventies. He had served in Vietnam and his recollection was that the term "Daisy Cutter" applied to the actual fuse extenders - that probe you see extending out the front of the bomb - ensuring that the bomb detonates above the ground rather that on contact or after penetrating the surface. This means that maximum blast effects extend further horizontally from the point of detonation than for a bomb that detonates on or below the surface. Since little or no blast is wasted on digging a crater it does a very good job flattening trees and brush, detonating pressure-activated mines and, not incidentally, major damage to exposed targets that are not "hard" targets (bunkers, tanks, etc.). My source said that the "Daisy Cutter" term (for the fuses, not the bombs) was in use when he was new to that field and his understanding was that it originated in WW2. Hatcat 01:41, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

.

 * Yes, yes indeed, and thank you very much for that! You see, after Vietnam, Ranger Jim went to Indianhead, MD (in '69) to become an EOD Technician and that is exactly what we were taught. "Daisy cutters" were indeed the fuze extender [FYI, the term "fuse" is usually used to refer to time fuses, which consist of gunpowder in a waterproof wrapping and which are lit by a fuse lighter. Mechanical fuzes, such as are used in military ordnance, are technically called fuzes], and not the bomb sitting on top of the extender. And as I recall it, the first use of "Daisy Cutters" involved 2000 pound bombs with about a 12" extender (and yes, the extenders came in different lengths) and a "Snake Eye" Low drag/High drag tailfin assembly. The jet fighter-bomber would come over, drop the bomb(s), the High drag fins would pop out, which caused the bomb(s) to come to an abrupt stop in midair (or so it seemed to observers) and drop straight down, and we tried our damdest to flatten out and/or crawl into our helmets. And after all of the whizzes from the shrapnel and the crash of trees falling over died down, "Hey presto!", an instant 2 Huey LZ!

 * But that's just the "Instant LZ" example. There are other examples which I am not going to bother with, because they simply wouldn't mean a damn thing! You see, I can not cite any examples to which I was a witness, because that'd be "Original Research"! But I can post something to the National Enquirer (or some other tabloid) using a bogus screen name, and then cite that as a valid reference, yes?

 * Or how about citing one of the TM 9-1985-x series (some of which are still classified FOUO) or some of the TM 31-201-x series of manuals (about which you do not want to know).

 * Ah well and so it goes, one more time.... To use the old saying,"Don't mean nuthin'!" Ranger Jim (talk) 05:57, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

 * I seem to remember Daisycutters are mentioned in Erich Remarque's 1929 book 'All Quiet on the Western Front'. If I'm right about this it would place the origin of the name back to WWI. I'll try and track down the reference. Ukjc (talk) 15:46, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

 * When I was in EOD, we used to call the BLU-82 the Cheeseburger (can't remember why, never made much sense) and we called the BLU-73 the Daisy Cutter. Throckmorton Guildersleeve (talk) 19:11, 8 July 2008 (UTC)

The word "Daisy Cutter" was used in Vietnam long before the advent of the M-121 (where it was first applied to large bombs) or the Blu 82. It was originally used to describe cluster bombs that threw out steel balls and cut down anything they hit. SamMcGowan (talk) 04:29, 25 May 2010 (UTC)

I was assigned to the 483rd Field Maintenance Squadron, later 483rd Munitions Maintenance Squadron at Cam Rahn Bay Air Base, RVN, in 1971. My job was transporting, loading and arming the BLU-82B. Everyone in Ammo and EOD called them Cheeseburgers, although the term Daisy Cutters was secondary. Our missions were primarily used to create instant landing zones for helicopters, so we installed the M1A1 2" x 38.25" Comp B explosive filled Extender and Brush Deflector between the M148 Adapter-Booster Assembly and the M904 Nose Fuse which is set to Non-Delay (instantaneous) to effect an above-ground pressure explosion. This setup gave the BLU-82B is widely known name of Daisy Cutter. The Project Commando Vault refers to the total weapons system of using the M121 10,000 lb TNT bomb or the BLU-82B 15,000 lb Slurry-filled ammonium nitrate and powdered aluminum bomb and a C-130 transport aircraft to deliver it. BLU-82s replace the older M121s which were out of production. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.134.156.9 (talk) 21:25, 18 January 2021 (UTC)

Something Completely Different
I heard about the daisy cutter today from someone who worked in a chemical research laboratory. He said that the daisy cutter was a weapon that dispersed aerosol napalm over a large radius, then detonated, and the reason behind the "daisy cutter" nickname had less to do with the "daisies are notoriously easy to cut" rumour and more to do with the daisy-shaped crater or pattern the detonation of the bomb "cuts" into the countryside. I know nothing more, but thought it was interesting, and found some differing information here. Basseq 20:46, 27 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Nope, what he's describing is a fuel-air explosive of some sort. Straker 13:11, 28 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I added a link to the USAF Museum fact sheet and removed the disputed tag as i don't see any live dispute here.--agr 13:52, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

I fear that the Wiki is helping to continue a misconception about the term "Daisy Cutter". The BLU-82 is NOT the Daisy Cutter - this refers only to the 38" pole M904 extended fuse used to ignite the weapon for above ground bursts. The term has been bandied about by the press that obviously doesn't know that much about the weapon's nomenclature. Mark Sublette (talk) 06:02, 13 July 2008 (UTC)Mark SubletteMark Sublette (talk) 06:02, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

Actually, M-121 and Blu-82 bombs were commonly referred to as "daisy cutters," but they were not the first bombs to be referred to by this name. And no, "daisy cutter" does not refer to the pipe that allowed the fuze to strike the ground prior to the bomb. FYI, the first-ever article on the M-121 and Blu-82 bombs appeared in an early issue of VIETNAM magazine - and I wrote it. It was titled "Daisy Cutters." The term was commonly used by the crews who dropped it and by the grunts who flew into the LZs after they had been dropped. SamMcGowan (talk) 04:34, 25 May 2010 (UTC)

No disrespect to Mr. McGowan, but I have an Air Force volume that states "This bomb is sometimes referred to as the daisy cutter; however the daisy cutter is the term used for the extended 38 inch pole used to fuse the projectile for above ground bursts." Unquote. Mark Sublette (talk) 10:27, 27 August 2010 (UTC)Mark SubletteMark Sublette (talk) 10:27, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

In the recent book "Top Gun: An American History" by Dan Pederson (the guy who founded Top Gun), he also referred to the BLU-82 as "Daisy Cutter". So I think the only thing we would be able to agree about would probably be that "different units give the same name to different things". In fact... in that same book mentioned above, Dan Pederson even calls the BLU-82 "Mother of All Bombs", which is the nickname for the much-later GBU-43/B.Vcharng (talk) 09:58, 31 May 2020 (UTC)

Commando Vault Article
Folks, This article appeared in COMBAT AIRCRAFT back in October 1988. The author dropped both the first M121 and the BLU-82 when they ran out of M121s. Please read it. It will straighten out a lot myths about these super heavy bombs. Note> Click the magnifying glass icon to enlarge full size.

Jack E. Hammond

Commando Vault: Page-1, Page-2, Page-3, Page-4, Page-5.

Was it really replaced by MOAB?
It current says in the lede: "The BLU-82 was retired in 2008 and replaced with the more powerful MOAB."

And in the article for the MOAB it says: "Since none of those are known to have been used as of early 2007, the U.S. inventory of GBU-43/B presumably remains at approximately 15."

So they replaced it with something they apparently don't have many of? Also, it says only 225 of the Blue-82s were ever constructed, even though they have been used since the Vietnam War which ended in 1975. So in 33 years they only constructed 225 of them, then replaced them with a new bomb created in 2003 which they only made 15 of other than perhaps some used in testing.  D r e a m Focus  00:57, 21 August 2013 (UTC)

Featured in "Outbreak" (1995)
Im quite sure this was the bomb used at the begining of this flick: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0114069/ Anyone else remember it? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.115.146.98 (talk) 22:57, 24 May 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on BLU-82. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070124145412/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=1013 to http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=1013

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:25, 13 July 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on BLU-82. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060907001824/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/sept_11/dod_brief117.htm to http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/sept_11/dod_brief117.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110405201818/http://www.daisycutter.es/ to http://www.daisycutter.es/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:29, 22 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:BLU-82


text:
Kevin Mannix

Kevin Leese Mannix (born November 26, 1949) is an American politician, business attorney, and former chairman of the Republican Party in the U.S. state of Oregon.

Mannix has served in both houses of the Oregon Legislative Assembly, as a Democrat and, later, a Republican. He is known for his advocacy of statewide ballot measures and as a candidate for the statewide offices of attorney general and governor.

Early political career
Mannix earned a bachelor's degree in liberal arts in 1971 from the University of Virginia. In 1974, he earned his J.D. degree from the University of Virginia School of Law.

Prior to serving in the legislature, Mannix worked in several different capacities, including Assistant Attorney General of Oregon, Assistant Attorney General of Guam, and a law clerk to the Oregon Court of Appeals.

Mannix was elected to the Oregon House of Representatives five times beginning in 1988. From 1989 through 1996, Mannix served in the Oregon House of Representatives as a Democrat. In 1997, he became a Republican and was appointed to the Oregon State Senate. He was elected back into the Oregon House in November 1998 and served through 2000.

Ballot measure advocacy
Mannix is a driving force behind the effort to get tougher sentences for criminals. In 1994, he authored Ballot Measure 11, which established mandatory minimum sentences for violent crimes, including murder, manslaughter, serious assault, kidnapping, rape, sodomy, unlawful sexual penetration, sexual abuse, and robbery. This measure has also now been used to set automatic sentencing on accidental deaths due to addiction issues. A companion measure, Measure 10, also passed, amending the Oregon Constitution to provide that any criminal sentence established by a vote of the people cannot be reduced by the legislature except with a two-thirds vote of both houses. A third successful Mannix measure, Measure 17, amended the Oregon Constitution to establish a new section which requires that state prison inmates work full-time in useful work. This also allowed work time to include education courses, counseling, and job training.

In 1996, Mannix brought Ballot Measure 40 to the ballot. This contained several victims' rights and anti-crime provisions. The effects of these Measures is to set the primary locus of control in sentencing decisions with victims and prosecutors. Measure 40 passed by a margin of 59% to 41%, but was overturned by the Oregon Supreme Court in Armatta v. Kitzhaber, 327 Or. 250, 959 P.2d 49 (1998) on the grounds that it contained more than one amendment to the Oregon Constitution and should have been subject to separate votes on each provision.

Measure 40 returned to voters by legislative referral (engineered by Representative Mannix) as Measures 69–75 in November 1999. Of the seven referral measures four were passed by voters, which granted crime victims the right to be present during trial, to be consulted regarding plea bargains and to be heard at sentencing; limited the pre-trial release of violent criminals by authorizing courts to consider the safety of victims and the public; required that any term of imprisonment imposed by a court to be fully served, with the exception of the governor's clemency power; and prohibited felons from serving on grand juries and criminal trial juries.

In 2008, Mannix helped lead a citizen initiative effort for Measure 61 which would have created mandatory minimum prison sentences for certain theft, identity theft, forgery, drug and burglary crimes. This measure was trumped by Measure 57, a legislative referral which avoided mandatory minimum sentences in favor of increased sentences for drug trafficking, theft against the elderly, and certain repeat property and identity theft crimes.

Another citizen initiative effort led by Mannix in 2010, Measure 73, was approved. This measure provided a mandatory minimum prison sentence of 25 years for repeat convictions of the worst sex crimes and required a minimum sentence of 90 days in jail, with costs reimbursed to the county by the state, for persons with a third DUII conviction within 10 years.

In 2012, Measure 84, an effort to repeal Oregon's estate tax, was also supported by Mannix but was defeated.

For the Oregon 2014 general election, Mannix, and Common Sense For Oregon, are supporting several initiatives including No Taxes on Family Giving and the Oregon Castle Doctrine.

Runs for statewide office
In 1996, Mannix ran for Oregon Attorney General as a Democrat. At the last minute, Hardy Myers was recruited by Democrats to run against Mannix in the Democratic primary, as some felt Mannix was too conservative for their party. Myers defeated Mannix in the primary 62.8% to 36.8%. Myers went on to easily defeat his Republican opponent in the November general election. Mannix changed his party affiliation to Republican the following year, 1997. He was appointed to the state Senate in 1997.

In 2000, Mannix ran as a Republican for State Attorney General, winning the GOP nomination and facing Myers in a bitter campaign. Myers again defeated Mannix 49.8% to 46.2%. Libertarian candidate Tom Cox received 4.0%. There is the possibility that Cox siphoned off votes from Mannix, although it's far from certain that enough of them would have supported him to deny Myers victory.

In 2002, Mannix ran for governor. In the Republican primary, he defeated former Labor Commissioner Jack Roberts and Portland attorney and school board chair Ron Saxton. He went on to run against Democrat Ted Kulongoski. Kulongoski won 49% of the vote versus 46% for Mannix. Libertarian candidate Tom Cox received 5% – a margin which many observe could have swung the election, had those votes gone to Mannix. The defeat also marked the fifth time in a row the Republicans failed to gain control of the governor's mansion.

Mannix became Oregon Republican Party Chair in January 2003, and stepped down in 2005.

In 2006, Mannix ran again for the Republican nomination for governor. He finished second in the primary with 30% of the vote, behind Saxton, who won the nomination with 43%, and ahead of state senator Jason Atkinson, who received 22%. Mannix was opposed in the primary by the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde, who spent $800,000 opposing the Columbia Gorge casino in the 2006 Democratic and Republican primaries. Saxton, widely considered more moderate than Mannix, went on to lose the general election in May to incumbent Kulongoski by an 8.1% margin.

In 2008, Mannix ran for the United States House of Representatives in the U.S. House primary election for Oregon's 5th congressional district to succeed retiring Democrat Darlene Hooley. Mannix ran a vigorous campaign, but was narrowly defeated by Mike Erickson, who went on to lose to Kurt Schrader in the general election due in part to personal issues that Mannix brought up in the primary.

Other accomplishments
Mannix serves as president for several organizations, including the Oregon Anti-Crime Alliance, which he founded in 2008, and Common Sense For Oregon, which he founded in 2009. He is a member of the board of directors for the Salem Catholic Schools Foundation, a role he has served since 1985, and has been president of the foundation since 2000.

Mannix was a founder and has served as chairman of the board of directors for Blanchet Catholic School in Salem since it opened in 1995, is a member of the Knights of Columbus and has been a member of Rotary International since 1982.

Mannix has served on the national board of directors for Life Directions and the Salem Chamber of Commerce board of directors from 2007 to 2013.

Mannix is also a board member, and vice president, of the Johann Strauss Society of America Foundation. This organization was founded in 2013 and is dedicated to supporting the music heritage of Johann Strauss.

Funding
Mannix's main financial donor in his political career is Loren Parks, a businessman who is currently a resident of Nevada. Loren Parks has contributed over $4 million to Mannix's political efforts since 1994.

Electoral history
2008 race for U.S. House of Representatives – Republican primary 2006 race for governor – Republican primary 2002 race for governor 2002 race for governor – Republican primary 2000 race for state attorney general 2000 race for state attorney general – Republican primary 1998 Oregon general election 1998 Oregon primary election 1996 Oregon primary election 1994 Oregon primary election 1992 Oregon general election 1992 Oregon primary election 1990 Oregon general election 1990 Oregon primary election 1988 Oregon general election 1988 Oregon primary election
 * Mike Erickson (R), 49%
 * Kevin Mannix (R), 46%
 * Ron Saxton (R), 43%
 * Kevin Mannix (R), 30%
 * Jason Atkinson (R), 22%
 * Ted Kulongoski (D), 49%
 * Kevin Mannix (R), 46%
 * Tom Cox (L), 5%
 * Kevin Mannix (R), 35%
 * Jack Roberts (R), 29%
 * Ron Saxton (R), 28%
 * Hardy Myers (D) (inc.), 50%
 * Kevin Mannix (R), 46%
 * Mannix won the Republication nomination for Oregon Attorney General.
 * Mannix defeated Democrat George Bell for Oregon House of Representatives District 32.
 * Mannix won the Republican nomination for House District 32.
 * Former House Speaker Hardy Myers defeated Mannix for the Democratic nomination for attorney general.
 * Mannix won the Democratic nomination for House District 32.
 * Mannix defeated Republican challenger Mark Berlin for House District 32 by 68% to 32%
 * Mannix won the Democratic nomination for House District 32.
 * Mannix defeated two challengers for House District 32. Mannix won with 64% of the vote.
 * Mannix won the Democratic nomination for House District 32.
 * Mannix defeated Republican incumbent Chuck Sides for House District 32.
 * Mannix won the Democratic nomination for Oregon House of Representative District 32.

title: Kevin Mannix


text:
Nanci Kincaid

Nanci Pierce Kincaid (born September 5, 1950) is an American novelist who wrote a short story collection titled Pretending the Bed Is a Raft (1997), as well as novels Crossing Blood (1991), Balls (1999), Verbena (2002), and As Hot As It Was You Ought to Thank Me (2005). The film My Life Without Me was based on the title story in Pretending the Bed Is a Raft. Her most recent novel is "Eat, Drink, and be from Mississippi" (Little, Brown, 2009).

Early life and education
Born Nanci Pierce in Tallahassee, Florida, Kincaid grew up in Richmond, Virginia and graduated from Huguenot High School in 1968. After attending Virginia Tech and the University of Wyoming, Kincaid completed her B.A. at Athens State College (now Athens State University) in 1987. In 1991, Kincaid completed a Master of Fine Arts degree at the University of Alabama.

Personal life
She was previously married to former University of Wyoming and Arkansas State University football coach Al Kincaid. In 1997, Kincaid married college football coach Dick Tomey; their marriage lasted until Tomey's death in 2019. They had four children and five grandchildren. With Tomey, Kincaid lived in Honolulu, Hawaii; Tucson, Arizona; and San Jose, California.

title: Nanci Kincaid


text:
Denmark at the 1988 Summer Olympics

Denmark competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. 78 competitors, 57 men and 21 women, took part in 73 events in 15 sports.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Archery
After two Olympiads without competing in archery, Denmark returned to the sport in 1988. Three men competed, placing 11th as a team and no higher than 23rd as individuals.

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Henrik Toft — 1/8 final (→ 23rd place)
 * Jan Jacobsen — Preliminary round (→ 25th place)
 * Niels Gammelgaard — Preliminary round (→ 56th place)

Men's Team Competition:
 * Toft, Jacobsen, and Gammelgaard — Semifinal (→ 11th place)

Athletics
Men's 1,500 metres
 * Mogens Guldberg

Men's Marathon
 * Henrik Jørgensen
 * Final — 2:16.40 (→ 22nd place)

Men's 110 metres Hurdles
 * Erik Jensen

Men's Decathlon
 * Lars Warming — 7859 points (→ 19th place)
 * 100 metres — 11.07s
 * Long Jump — 7.04m
 * Shot Put — 13.41m
 * High Jump — 1.94m
 * 400 metres — 47.97s
 * 110m Hurdles — 14.49s
 * Discus Throw — 40.38m
 * Pole Vault — 4.80m
 * Javelin Throw — 51.50m
 * 1.500 metres — 4:22.41s

Women's Long Jump
 * Lene Demsitz

Boxing
Men's Flyweight (– 51 kg)
 * Johnny Bredahl
 * First Round — Lost to Hamed Halbouni (SYR), RSC-2

Men's Light-Welterweight
 * Søren Søndergaard

Men's Light-Middleweight
 * Johnny de Lima

Men's Light-Heavyweight
 * Niels Madsen

Men's Heavyweight
 * Claus Børge Nielsen

Cycling
Nine cyclists, eight men and one woman, represented Denmark in 1988. Dan Frost won gold in the points race.

 * Men's road race
 * Tommy Nielsen
 * Peter Meinert Nielsen

 * Men's 1 km time trial
 * Kenneth Røpke

 * Men's individual pursuit
 * Peter Clausen

 * Men's team pursuit
 * Peter Clausen
 * Dan Frost
 * Jimmi Madsen
 * Lars Olsen
 * Ken Frost

 * Men's points race
 * Dan Frost

 * Women's road race
 * Karina Skibby — 2:00:52 (→ 42nd place)

Modern pentathlon
One male pentathlete represented Denmark in 1988.

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Tue Hellstem — 4940pts (→ 27th place)

Men's Team Competition:
 * Hellstem — 4940pts (→ 21st place)

Sailing

 * Men

 * Women

 * Open

Swimming
Men's 50m Freestyle
 * Vagn Høgholm
 * Heat — 23.50 (→ did not advance, 20th place)
 * Peter Rohde
 * Heat — 23.70 (→ did not advance, 26th place)

Men's 100m Freestyle
 * Franz Mortensen
 * Heat — 50.74
 * B-Final — 51.05 (→ 13th place)
 * Peter Rohde
 * Heat — 51.38 (→ did not advance, 25th place)

Men's 200m Freestyle
 * Franz Mortensen
 * Heat — 1:51.15
 * B-Final — 1:51.44 (→ 13th place)
 * Jan Patvel Larsen
 * Heat — 1:53.61 (→ did not advance, 31st place)

Men's 400m Freestyle
 * Claus Christensen
 * Heat — 4:00.46 (→ did not advance, 31st place)

Men's 100m Backstroke
 * Lars Sørensen
 * Heat — 58.01 (→ did not advance, 21st place)

Men's 200m Backstroke
 * Lars Sørensen
 * Heat — 2:05.73 (→ did not advance, 26th place)

Men's 100m Breaststroke
 * Lars Sørensen
 * Heat — 1:06.30 (→ did not advance, 47th place)

Men's 200m Breaststroke
 * Christian Toft
 * Heat — DSQ (→ did not advance, no ranking)

Men's 100m Butterfly
 * Benny Nielsen
 * Heat — 54.52
 * B-Final — 54.77 (→ 11th place)

Men's 200m Butterfly
 * Benny Nielsen
 * Heat — 1:59.26
 * Final — 1:58.24 (→ [[Image:Silver medal.svg|16x16px]] Silver Medal)
 * Jan Patvel Larsen
 * Heat — 2:03.01 (→ did not advance, 23rd place)

Men's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay
 * Franz Mortensen, Vagn Høgholm, Benny Nielsen, and Peter Rohde
 * Heat — 3:25.15 (→ did not advance, 10th place)

Men's 4 × 200 m Freestyle Relay
 * Franz Mortensen, Claus Christensen, Jan Patvel Larsen, and Peter Rohde
 * Heat — 7:33.31 (→ did not advance, 11th place)

Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay Women's 50m Freestyle
 * Lars Sørensen, Christian Toft, Benny Nielsen, and Franz Mortensen
 * Heat — 3:51.97 (→ did not advance, 14th place)
 * Gitta Jensen
 * Heat — 26.61 (→ did not advance, 20th place)

Women's 100m Freestyle
 * Gitta Jensen
 * Heat — 57.28 (→ did not advance, 20th place)
 * B-Final — 57.02 (→ 13th place)
 * Pia Sørensen
 * Heat — 57.82 (→ did not advance, 26th place)

Women's 200m Freestyle
 * Mette Jacobsen
 * Heat — 2:01.80
 * B-Final — 2:01.84 (→ 11th place)
 * Annette Jørgensen
 * Heat — 2:04.71 (→ did not advance, 24th place)

Women's 400m Freestyle
 * Eva Mortensen
 * Heat — 4:18.06 (→ did not advance, 20th place)
 * Pernille Jensen
 * Heat — 4:20.96 (→ did not advance, 26th place)

Women's 800m Freestyle
 * Pernille Jensen
 * Heat — 8:50.82 (→ did not advance, 18th place)
 * Eva Mortensen
 * Heat — 8:53.67 (→ did not advance, 22nd place)

Women's 200m Breaststroke
 * Pia Sørensen
 * Heat — 2:38.49 (→ did not advance, 25th place)

Women's 200m Butterfly
 * Mette Jacobsen
 * Heat — 2:15.78
 * B-Final — 2:15.60 (→ 13th place)

Women's 200m Individual Medley
 * Annette Poulsen
 * Heat — 2:21.83 (→ did not advance, 20th place)

Women's 400m Individual Medley
 * Annette Poulsen
 * Heat — 4:54.01
 * B-Final — 4:54.40 (→ 15th place)

Women's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay
 * Mette Jacobsen, Gitta Jensen, Pia Sørensen, and Annette Jørgensen
 * Heat — 3:48.83
 * Gitta Jensen, Pia Sørensen, Mette Jacobsen, and Annette Jørgensen
 * Final — 3:49.25 (→ 8th place)

Women's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay
 * Mette Jacobsen, Pia Sørensen, Annette Jørgensen, and Gitta Jensen
 * Heat — DSQ (→ did not advance, no ranking)

Tennis
Women's Singles Competition
 * Tine Scheuer-Larsen
 * First Round — Defeated Warda Bouchabou (Algeria) 6–0, 6–1
 * Second Round — Defeated Wendy Turnbull (Australia) 6–4, 6–3
 * Third Round — Lost to Natasha Zvereva (Soviet Union) 1–6, 2–6

title: Denmark at the 1988 Summer Olympics


text:
William of Alnwick

William of Alnwick (lat. Guillelmus Alaunovicanus, c. 1275 – March 1333) was a Franciscan friar and theologian, and bishop of Giovinazzo, who took his name from Alnwick in Northumberland.

Little is known of his early life. By 1303 he was a licensed doctor of theology at Paris, being then listed among the few foreign masters who sided with Philip IV, king of France, in his dispute with Pope Boniface VIII. Alnwick also lectured at other European centres of learning, including Montpellier, Bologna and Naples. He must have returned to England sometime in the second decade of the 14th century, as he is recorded as the forty-second Franciscan regent master at Oxford University, when Henry Harclay was chancellor of the university.

Alnwick's manuscript marginalia show that he was part of the contemporary debate which spread all over Europe, and which included the ideas of men such as Thomas Aquinas, Bonaventure, Henry of Ghent, Peter Auriol, James of Ascoli, Godfrey of Fontaines, Henry Harclay and Thomas Wilton. His main collaborator, however, was Duns Scotus, and it is this that has saved him from obscurity.

He worked with Scotus in the production of his Commentary on the Sentences (Ordinatio), took down one of his Collationes, and compiled the long additions (Additiones magnae) which were meant to fill the gaps in the Ordinatio. But although Alnwick based his philosophy and theology on the fundamental starting points of Scotus's teaching, he diverged from his colleague when he disagreed.

Alnwick participated in the general chapter of the Franciscan order held at Perugia in 1322, where he joined the theologians who drew up and signed the decree De paupertate Christi attacking the position on the poverty of the church as promulgated by Pope John XXII. In the last section of his Determinationes he argued that Christ and his apostles possessed nothing either personally or in common. This opposition to the papal position caused John to initiate proceedings against Alnwick, who fled to Naples, where King Robert protected him. In 1330, Robert had him appointed bishop of Giovinazzo.

He died in Avignon in March 1333.

title: William of Alnwick


text:
Henry Churchill King

Henry Churchill King (1858–1934) was an American Congregationalist theologian, educator, and author.

Biography
Henry Churchill King was born in Hillsdale, Michigan on September 18, 1858.

At Oberlin College from 1884, he taught in mathematics, philosophy, and theology. From 1902 to 1927, he was president of the college. With a tenure of 25 years, he is Oberlin's longest-serving president. In 1919, he served on the King-Crane Commission, which provided recommendations on the fair and just disposition of non-Turkish areas of the Ottoman Empire. The findings of that commission, suppressed until 1922, were made public in the King-Crane Commission Report and conveyed the sentiment of the indigenous peoples of the region as to who would be entrusted with the various mandates, the future of Palestine, and other vital issues.

He was prominent in the councils of the Congregational Church and a moderator (1919–21) of its National Council as well as chairman (1921–27) of the Congregational Foundation for Education.

He died at his home in Oberlin, Ohio on February 27, 1934.

title: Henry Churchill King


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/William Cranch

William Cranch

Perhaps the most amazing 19th century portrait I have ever seen, of a very elderly William Cranch, a DC judge and Reporter of Decisions for the U.S. Supreme Court. If this were taken 100 years later, I would have thought it was by Avedon or Arbus. However, given the time period it was likely taken with reverence rather than ironic distance, despite the subject looking like he was dressed and propped up for the occasion and may not have even understood what was going on. I have been unable to discover who the photographer was. Postdlf 03:11, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This photo was taken at Mathew Brady's studio. Scans of the original daguerrotype plate at very high resolutions are available from the Library of Congress here. Because of the long exposure times in early photography, subjects had to strike poses that they could maintain for several seconds without moving. This almost by necessity reduces the number of available postures and expressions, and the result often appears pensive and introspective. --MarkSweep 16:16, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Nominate and support. Postdlf 03:11, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. I would say the portaits nominated here are, though surely well made, not very special. You know, just portaits. This one is also low res. Jonas Olson 09:47, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. This is very low resolution, and it is indeed just a portrait. Nonetheless, there the image has powerful clarity and artistry that exhibit the whole history of such a man. An image like this will embiggen the article it illustrates in a way that very few do. Matthewcieplak 10:58, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I was going to try uploading a higher quality version, but apparently this image is a retouching of the original, which is too messed up for my abilities. -- brian0918 ™  12:38, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Power ful pic Circeus 23:27, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support --Fir0002 06:15, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - this picture has a very special atmosphere - Adrian Pingstone 15:07, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I've given up on finding a high-res version, so I'll support this one. -- brian0918  ™  16:38, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Nice but nothing special. Enochlau 12:38, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Abstain - until someone can explain why the "atmosphere" is so special. - Pioneer-12 23:12, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - I don't care to speculate what the photographer is trying to do; this is an excellent picture. The hair and face are fantastic. I see an old man who's clearly been up to a lot over his lifetime, and looks intellectual, but is still an old man. In that respect, he looks real enough to look a bit silly in the clothes. It's like it's time for him to leave the strictures of the world he's in. --Sambostock 19:59, 7 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - if someone can retouch the original higher resolution version, it'd be a great illustration for an article (not yet written) on retouching. --jacobolus (t) 20:51, 10 May 2005 (UTC)
 * +8 / -2 / 1 neutral


text:
Talk:Aaron Rosanoff

Untitled
Although I created this article, I didn't write any of it. It was contributed by anonymous user User:84.97.165.63 to another article Autism rights movement but not appropriate for that article. Q0 03:12, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I didn't want to delete this contribution, out of respect for the author. My understanding is that NPOV policy means that biased contributions shouldn't be deleted, only NPOVized. I really don't know where to start on this contribution though, and I think it might be beyond NPOVizable. I don't know what to do. Q0 07:53, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I, on the other hand, have no problems at all with removing the contribution. Nothing currently in the text talks about who Aaron Rosanoff is or why he is notable.  This makes it a prime candidate for deletion.   -- ShinmaWa(talk) 17:46, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aaron Rosanoff


text:
Talk:Marcial Maciel

Apologies by defenders
I'm not sure what's going on here, maybe a battle between supporters and detractors, but this article is woefully inadequate. It doesn't even mention the (historically significant) apologies that his defenders have made upon learning of his "multiple failings". http://www.ncregister.com/site/article/setting_the_record_straight1/ http://www.uscatholic.org/news/2009/02/former-legionaries-official-apologizes-defending-father-maciel 70.179.23.9 (talk) 19:52, 14 January 2011 (UTC)

Summary
Marcial Maciel Degollado's life was thoroughly diabolical--plagued with lies, sacrilege, adultery, polygamy, drug abuse, false witnesses, rape, theft, incest, pedophilia, homosexuality, child molestation, plagiarism and demoniac possession. He is perhaps the greatest ecclesiastical villain since Judas Iscariot. Pope Benedict XVI's recent comment in the book-length interview "Light of the World" stated that Maciel was an “enigmatic figure.” In the book, Benedict also refers to the “adventurous, wasted, twisted life” led by Maciel, and refers to him as a “false prophet.”

Homosexuality, pederasty, child molestation, abuse of power, abuse of the sacrament of confession and sacrilege. Maciel forced at least 13 Legionaries of Christ seminarians (one of them was as young as 11 years old) to give him oral sex and submit to anal sex, using the vows of obedience and respect for the superiors to force them to silence. He showed some of them a fake letter from the Pope who supposedly authorized him to have sex with those seminarians. While this was a very grave sin, the Church does not consider it as grave as what Maciel did after having sex with those seminarians: he confessed their sins and absolved them from the sexual sins that they committed together. The church consider this action as one of the worst sins that a priest could ever commit, to the point that a priest that commits such an action is automatically excommunicated from the Church.

Lies, polygamy and violation of the vow of chastity. Maciel lied to many people and worked under four to five alias in order live as husband or lover to a number of women. He was "Raul Rivas" (Norma Hilda's spouse and father of little Norma). He was also "Jaime Alberto Gonzalez Ramirez" (the lover of a Mexican woman and father of three children in Switzerland, whom he raped). He also went by the name "Juan Rivas." He claimed he was a CIA agent. When one of his "wives" saw a picture of him with Pope John Paul II on the cover of a magazine, he told her that he was a CIA agent and that being a priest was one of his coverups. He also told another of his wives that he was a Shell Oil executive.

Incest, pedophilia, child molestation, rape and homosexuality. Maciel sexually abused all of his male children when they were as young as 8 years old. He forced them to masturbate him, give him oral sex and submit to anal sex.

Theft. Maciel stole millions of dollars from the Legionaries of Christ and the Catholic Church. He purchased apartment buildings in Mexico, Spain and Switzerland for his numerous families to force them to silence.

Drug abuse. Maciel was an avid consumer of drugs. He was once hospitalized in Rome for morphine overdose.

Plagiarism. Maciel presented himself as a mystic writer, who had numerous charisms. In 1959, Maciel published a book, "El Salterio de Mis Días" ("The Psalter of My Days"), which subsequently was widely read among members of the Legion and became the foundation of the Legionaries of Christ's charism. Over the years, the book had been partially translated into English for the use of the English speaking members. It was a memoir of experiences of persecution. On December 11, 2009, the Lima, Peru, based Agencia Católica de Informaciones (ACI, Catholic News Agency) reported and proved that the directors of the Legion had circulated an internal memorandum revealing that the book copied "80 percent in style and content" the posthumously published memoir of a Spanish politician, Luis Lucia Lucia, who died in 1943. This memoir, written in 1941 (while its author was held as a political prisoner of the Franco regime), had been published in 1956 in Valencia, Spain.

Demoniac possession. It has been recently revealed that Marcial Maciel refused to confess his sins on his death bed and that he refused Last Rites by saying to Fr. Alvaro Corcuera (new leader of the Legionaries of Christ), "I said no!" and that he "did not believe in God's pardon." The reaction led to the summoning of an exorcist.

Abuse of power. Besides the three traditional vows of poverty, chastity and obedience that are common to all religious orders, Maciel introduced two additional vows for the Legionaries of Christ: the vow of humility and the vow of respect for the superiors. Through the vow of humility, he prevented any Legionary from aspiring to any leadership position unless Maciel himself directly appointed them. Through the vow of respect for the superiors, he prevented any Legionary from ever complaining about a superior. This authorized any Legionary to spy on his religious brothers and report any brother who was suspected to complain about the superiors. Through these vows, plus the vow of obedience, he created a climate of fear and intimidation, and was able to maintain full control over every member of the order. These vows were eliminated only recently by Pope Benedict XVI.

Obviously, the devil wants to destroy the Church. To do this, the devil is not just attacking the Church from outside, but it is undermining its foundation from inside. Valid religious orders are those that were founded by true saints (St. Francis of Assisi founded the Franciscan order, St. Dominic the Dominican order, St. Ignatius of Loyola the Jesuit order, St. Josemaría Escrivá the Opus Dei order, etc.). Members of those religious orders follow Jesus through the charism of the order, which is essentially the charism of their founders. The Legionaries of Christ is a religious order with the ill charism of their founder, who has been defined as "the greatest ecclesiastical villain since Judas Iscariot." Maciel injected a cancer inside the order, and that cancer is still there, growing out of control.

The new leaders of the Legionaries of Christ are the same who had been appointed by Maciel and who hid his mischievous actions for decades. There has been no renovation. The Legionaries of Christ have not completely detached themselves from Maciel. When asked about Maciel, they still defend him with statements such as "He suffered from dementia so he was not fully responsible for his own actions" or "This is all a mystery because he was a man who did so much good."

Not surprisingly, in May 2012, a prominent Legionaries of Christ priest, Father Thomas Williams, who often appeared on TV to preach about morality, admitted to have had a mistress (one of his students at a university in Rome where he was a teacher of Theology and Philosophy) and fathered a child with her. The child was born in 2005 and is now 7 years old. Father Alvaro Corcuera, head of the Legionaries of Christ (replacing Marcial Maciel Degollado), admitted to having known of Fr. Williams' affair and child for years, but still allowed him to go on TV and preach about morality. Corcuera said in a letter to the congregation that he did not give Williams an "explicit indication to full withdraw from all public ministry" until March 2012. By that time, however, it was an open secret to a number of television journalists. In the letter, Corcuera "begs" forgiveness from members of the order for being an ineffective leader and for not being "diligent in setting proper restrictions and enforcing them" in the Williams case.

It is sad to see that the Legionaries of Christ kept hiding their founder's terrible conduct for years and allow priests who live in sin to go on TV and preach about morality, but then prevent a religious brother who sincerely wants to help a soul in difficulty to do so. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:468:913:9010:226:BBFF:FE05:4537 (talk) 18:26, 17 July 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 5 one external links on Marcial Maciel. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gr--cvFSDTkGlXe2dGEvNS4PBSyQ
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100612004458/http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=51302 to http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=51302
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070927214105/http://media.www.dailyillini.com/media/storage/paper736/news/2006/10/16/News/Pope-Benedict.Bestows.Sainthood.In.Ceremony-2351422.shtml to http://media.www.dailyillini.com/media/storage/paper736/news/2006/10/16/News/Pope-Benedict.Bestows.Sainthood.In.Ceremony-2351422.shtml
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090817004800/http://impreso.milenio.com:80/node/8622629 to http://impreso.milenio.com/node/8622629
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160306142344/http://legionofchrist.com/ to http://www.legionofchrist.com/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:45, 11 November 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Marcial Maciel. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100408124301/http://www.legionariesofchrist.org/eng/articulos/articulo2.phtml?se=243&ca=703&te=475&id=29158&csearch=703 to http://www.legionariesofchrist.org/eng/articulos/articulo2.phtml?se=243&ca=703&te=475&id=29158&csearch=703
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://impreso.milenio.com/node/8622629

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 18:20, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

Dispute over Short Description
edit summary (Improved the summary to reflect important aspects of his life and abuses).
 * Original
 * 13 September 2021 (edit) change
 * Way exceeds 40 characters. Too long

Although Short description should be "no more than about 40 characters (but this can be slightly exceeded if necessary)", in the case of Marcial Maciel not to mention the sexual abuse would be negligent IMHO. --Louis P. Boog (talk) 23:04, 18 September 2021 (UTC)
 * 13 September 2021 (edit) reverted to original
 * my change, 18 September

Objection to description of relationships
It is stated that Maciel had a sexual relationship with a woman who was a minor. I believe that this glibly denies that abusive, predatory nature of Maciel and the statutory rape of this minor. Minors do not have 'sexual relationships' with older men who are known to be sexual predators. 2.98.48.104 (talk) 09:17, 17 February 2022 (UTC)
 * The sentence merely reads "he had also maintained sexual relationships with at least four women, one of whom was a minor at the time." (CC) Tb hotch ™ 19:29, 17 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Marcial Maciel


text:
Jasper—Edson

Jasper—Edson was a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1968.

This riding was created in 1933 from parts of Peace River riding. The electoral district was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Peace River, Pembina, Red Deer, Rocky Mountain and Wetaskiwin ridings.

title: Jasper—Edson


text:
Kamloops (federal electoral district)

Kamloops was a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1968, and from 1988 to 2004. From 1998 to 2004, it was known as Kamloops, Thompson and Highland Valleys.

History
This riding was created in 1935 from parts of Cariboo and Kootenay West ridings. It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Coast Chilcotin, Fraser Valley East, Kamloops—Cariboo, Okanagan—Kootenay and Prince George—Peace River ridings.

In 1987, a new Kamloops riding was created from parts of Kamloops—Shuswap riding. In 1998, it was renamed "Kamloops, Thompson and Highland Valleys".

It consisted of:
 * Electoral Areas A, B, J, L, O and P of the Thompson-Nicola Regional District;
 * The City of Kamloops;
 * the Village of Chase; and
 * the District Municipality of Logan Lake.

It was redefined in 1996 to consist of:
 * Subdivisions A, B and E of Thompson-Nicola Regional District, including Skeetchestn Indian Reserve and Logan Lake District Municipality, excepting Spatsum Indian Reserve No. 11;
 * the City of Kamloops; and
 * Kamloops Indian Reserve No. 1.

In 2003, the riding was abolished, and a new riding, "Kamloops—Thompson", was created with substantially the same boundaries. In 2005, this district was renamed "Kamloops—Thompson—Cariboo".

Members of Parliament
This riding elected the following members of Parliament:

title: Kamloops (federal electoral district)


text:
Talk:DigBoston

Bias?
Please, this article smacked of a press release. If you're looking to get attention through Wikipedia, at least do it in a fashion stylistically consistent with the rest of the site. Reserve the bombast and opinion for the newspaper.

Website outage
As of mid-July 07, weeklydig.com has for several weeks been marked "Under Construction" with all content apparently unaccessible. 20:05, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on DigBoston. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100615123152/http://aan.org/alternative/Aan/ViewCompany?oid=oid%3A8428 to http://aan.org/alternative/Aan/ViewCompany?oid=oid%3A8428

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:30, 13 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:DigBoston


text:
Talk:Grand Slam (bomb)

The original design plans are important
The original design plans are important, and these were for a bomb designed to use the earth underground as a shockwave transmission medium. This scomes form the paul brickhill book on the dambusters.

"The design was very aerodynamic with a tail which caused it to spin. This allowed it to break the sound barrier as it fell."

 * How? - Omegatron 03:16, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

No expert on aerodynamics, but I'd take a guess there are two factors. Firstly, and most importantly, the spin produces a gyroscopic effect so that the bomb is kept upright as it falls. If this did not happen then the very high turbulence experienced as the speed of sound is approached would cause the bomb to tumble off its axis and to slow. Secondly, I think the spinning will probably produce some sort of effect around the bomb that will reduce the resistance to the fall. That second point may be wrong, though.
 * Your second point is incorrect, I think, but you're spot on wit hthe first. To say "it allowed" it to break the sound barrier is a little misleading, though, since the spinning slowed the bomb directly (resistance with the air is used to produce rotational motion), but the consequences of that spinning (not tumbling as it falls, as well as being less vulnerable to drafts and breezes) would probably improve the top speed. Of course, it it was dropped in dead air and from a stationary position such as a tower or zeppelin, it would fall faster with regular flights. This is an unliekly situation, so I'll exclude it for now. Oceanhahn 05:29, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

The article also quotes 2,358kg of explosive, the same number as for the Tallboy bomb. Is that right?

--203.103.42.106 03:45, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Grand Slam contained approx 9,200 lb of Torpex. Tallboy, 5,200 lb. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.31.130.17 (talk) 11:50, 20 February 2015 (UTC)

Different facts
As so often, regarding the Valentin submarine pens, the german article claims they only had 5 metres thick roofs and the Grand Slam bomb could not break through them (and the RAF website times out). -- Darklock 00:55, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

Duplicated content

 * "he redesigned the Tallboy accordingly. The design was very aerodynamic with a tail which caused it to spin. This allowed it to reach supersonic speeds as it fell. It had a much thicker case than the typical World War II bomb so that it would survive the impact of hitting a hardened surface. Its hardened casing was cast in a single piece in a sand mold, using a concrete core. When dropped onto compacted earth it would penetrate over 40 meters into the ground. The explosion would leave a 'cavern' which would undermine foundations of structures above causing collapse."

This is a bit misleading. It reads as if this description relates specifically to the Grand Slam, but most of it also features in the Tallboy article. TheMadBaron 09:27, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

merge
keep separate as different weapons with different missions. GraemeLeggett 20:06, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

Definitely keep separate
They are different bombs. If we merge these, then we must merge Fat Man and Little Boy to be consistent. Does not compute./ Moriori 22:18, August 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Not a good analogy: those used radically different bomb architecture (plutonium/implosion and uranium/gun), while Grand Slam was just an upsized version of Tallboy.
 * Try the .50 calibre round and .30-06. Virtually the same, except one is larger. Should they be merged? Moriori 19:43, August 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Was one literally an adaptation of the other, a development by the same designer? I haven't said Grand Slam and Tallboy should be merged, just that the duplication because of common origin should be snipped. Tearlach 23:50, 14 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, I think one would have been literally an adaptation of the other, but I don't know which was chicken or egg. ):- Moriori 00:00, August 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd say keep them separate, but cut the duplicated material in Grand Slam and refer to Tallboy for the general background principles. Tearlach 19:04, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

Keep then seperate do not cut the duplicate material as it is not a lot and was true for both bombs. It is not as if it uses either a lot of disk space, bandwidth or screen space. PBS 00:47, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Also the paragraph mentions the only type of British bomber which could carry the Grand Slam.I have also mentioned that the fist use against the enemy involved destroying the foundations by a proximity drop not a direct hit. PBS 01:19, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

"CLOUDMAKER" IRRELEVANT TO THIS PAGE
I don't think that tagging on to the bottom of this page, "the US developed an even bigger bomb"(that was never used operationally)serves any useful purpose. I'll remove it unless some one can justify it's relevance. Uncool 1 17:44, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

Last one detonated
See RAF_Scampton for a short bit on the last Grand Slam to be detonated after it was discovered that one loaded with torpex had been put on display as a gate guardian at the airbase.

The source for this story doesn't give a reference, and the paragraph in question begins "Apparently...", so I'm not sure how much credence should be given to it.VirtualDave (talk) 09:17, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

Farge U-boat Pen
The Bombs did not hit that part of the Pen with the 7 m roof as the text seems du say. So the Grand Slams "only" penetrate 4,5 m of concrete (as the subtitle of the Pcture correctly sais)--WerWil 20:19, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Source? --PBS 18:36, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

I know only german sites:  --WerWil 17:40, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

30 meters or 40?
The development history section says both that the grand slam would detonate "some 30m" below the ground and "over 40m". What is the real fact here? I imagine it is a fuzzy range and dependant on the ground material but please...--Lomacar 18:57, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

Vídeos with this bomb
These sites: http://br.youtube.com/watch?v=R-Mm-zFW_nA and http://br.youtube.com/watch?v=EhP7uL-gvgg have this bomb.Both have sound in English.Agre22 (talk) 01:41, 28 August 2008 (UTC)agre22

Watten
< After the Allied Operation Undergo[8] captured the Watten V-2 rocket facility in October 1944, a single Avro Lancaster attempted to bomb the bunker's dome from 10 November-20 November with a Grand Slam at precisely midday.[9] >

This is impossible to believe and should in my view be deleted. The first, trial, drop of a Grand Slam was not until 13th of March 1945. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.182.42.217 (talk) 02:33, 18 October 2010 (UTC)

Deleted. 86.178.185.233 (talk) 22:56, 31 October 2010 (UTC)

What does "live" mean?
The article says: "A live Grand Slam bomb was accidentally displayed as a gate guardian at RAF Scampton for over a decade before the mistake was realised. It was gingerly removed (by crane and low-loader) to the test range at Shoeburyness, where it was detonated.[25]"

I'm not sure what "live" means. Does this mean it contained a charge or was it also armed with detenators? 94.5.82.95 (talk) 11:47, 12 March 2012 (UTC)

 * It almost certainly means the former, i.e., containing explosive but un-fuzed. Non-'live' munitions usually are empty cases or contain an inert filling.

 * The arming pistols would have been inserted into the tail pockets upon bombing-up shortly before flight, so unless the bomb had been loaded onto an aircraft and the operation then subsequently cancelled, it is unlikely that the bomb had ever been fuzed. So it was probably 'safe-ish' while a gate guard.

 * Grand Slams were built in relatively small numbers and so it is likely that very few 'practice' examples (used for ballistics testing and for armourers' training) were made, at least before 1945. Hence the likelihood of the Scampton example being the 'genuine article'.

 * A bomb is said to be 'live' when it contains explosives but is un-fuzed. When fuzed and ready to go it is said to be 'armed' - that's why the detonators/fuzes are also sometimes called 'arming pistols', especially in the navy.

 * BTW, the term 'pistol' used for a detonator comes from the times when to scuttle a ship a barrel of gunpowder was stowed below decks and then detonated by a flintlock pistol fired by a long string tied to the trigger. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.7.147.13 (talk) 14:50, 21 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Is the Australian Armourers Association article reliable? See http://hmvf.co.uk/forumvb/showthread.php?9973-Grand-Slam-and-RAF-Scampton for a discussion. cmɢʟee୯ ͡° ̮د ͡° ੭ 18:52, 16 May 2013 (UTC)

Medium Capacity?
Just curious - if this was the biggest bomb around, why was its official name 'Bomb, Medium Capacity'? Were there plans for something even bigger?86.185.225.11 (talk) 13:36, 1 February 2014 (UTC)

 * Medium Capacity refers to the ratio of bomb case to explosive filling, not the absolute size of bomb . See Blockbuster bomb for British "High Capacity" bombs. this website has articles on the various bombs. GraemeLeggett (talk) 13:55, 1 February 2014 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and incorporated this as a parenthetical footnote in the main body of the article (and also in the article on the Tallboy). 167.88.10.180 (talk) 18:54, 14 March 2019 (UTC)

The sentence:  "Like the Tallboy, because of the low rate of production and consequent high value of each bomb, aircrews were told to land with their unused bombs on board rather than jettison them into the sea if a sortie was aborted" even though there is a source, is incorrect.

The undercarriage is only designed to take the stresses of landing a Lancaster 'dry' ie without its bomb load. Hence an unused Grand Slam bomb would have to be jettisoned before attempting a landing otherwise the landing gear would collapse with the additional weight of c10 metric tonnes of Grand Slam. 2A02:8420:4AAD:AE00:70DA:2812:19DB:AFF0 (talk) 10:14, 14 March 2015 (UTC)

No. The Lancaster B.I Special had the undercarriage reinforced precisely so that it could land with the bomb still on board.Khamba Tendal (talk) 17:20, 25 August 2015 (UTC)

Aircrew were told to land ..... etc
The sentence:  "Like the Tallboy, because of the low rate of production and consequent high value of each bomb, aircrews were told to land with their unused bombs on board rather than jettison them into the sea if a sortie was aborted" even though there is a source, is incorrect.

The undercarriage is only designed to take the stresses of landing a Lancaster 'dry' ie without its bomb load. Hence an unused Grand Slam bomb would have to be jettisoned before attempting a landing otherwise the landing gear would collapse with the additional weight of c10 metric tonnes of Grand Slam. Boatman (talk) 10:21, 14 March 2015 (UTC)

 * 617 Squadron by Osprey disagrees. It's amazing what aircraft and crews can do if the motivation is there. GraemeLeggett (talk) 12:42, 14 March 2015 (UTC)

 * Quite so. The stresses on landing need be no greater than those on take off, it depends on the skill of the pilot to be able to touch down gently enough and to allow the wings to gently unload the weight to the wheels. The stopping distance will also be greater, so a runway of adequate length is required. For a ham-fisted one the comment would otherwise be true.

 * If an undercarriage will support a weight on take-off, it will also support the same weight on landing, but many pilots will not be able to touch down gently enough for this to be advisable, perhaps due to lack of skill, weather, etc,. Hence recommended maximum landing weights. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.150.100.255 (talk) 16:49, 18 April 2016 (UTC)

 * No, safe take-off weight and safe landing weight are not the same, the downward velocity of the aircraft on landing imposing a greater load. And, as I noted above, the Lancaster B.I (Special) was specifically adapted to land with the Grand Slam on board if necessary, owing to the exceptionally high cost of the bomb.
 * Safe landing weight for the standard Lancaster was 55,000 lb. (Air Publication 2062A, Pilot's and Flight Engineer's Notes: Lancaster I, III & X, Air Ministry May 1944, p.29.) The aircraft had an empty weight of 31,242 lb and a tare weight with fixed military load of 35,831 lb. In 1945 it was rated for a maximum operational load (crew, fuel, oil, ammunition and bombload) of 36,169 lb, making for an all-up take-off weight of 72,000 lb. (Harry Holmes, Avro Lancaster, Airlife 2002, ISBN 1 84037 376 8, table p.79. The author spent his career with A.V.Roe & Co. and British Aerospace.)
 * I don't know the exact figures for the B.I (Special), but its empty weight and tare weight were reduced by several thousand pounds compared to the standard Lancaster because the front and mid-upper turrets, the outer wing tanks and the bomb doors were all deleted. The safe landing weight was increased by the fitment of the reinforced undercarriage. The standard B.I could land at almost 20,000 lb above tare weight; about 1,000 lb would be crew and most of the rest would be fuel and ammunition. The B.I (Special), being much lighter and fitted with a tougher undercarriage, would have a considerably larger margin, allowing it to land with a 22,000 lb Grand Slam as long as enough fuel had been burned off or jettisoned.
 * Crews of 617 Squadron did in fact land back with Grand Slams still aboard on a number of occasions. Notably, five crews brought their Grand Slams back to Woodhall Spa after the Nienburg raid of 22 March 1945. Twenty Lancasters launched, six with Grand Slams and fourteen with Tallboys, to destroy a rail bridge near Bremen, but the CO, Wg Cdr JE Fauquier DSO** DFC, ordered just four crews to attack -- with one Slam and three Tallboys -- while the rest circled in reserve. The Slam and two Tallboys scored direct hits, destroying the bridge, so all the other bombs were returned to store. (Paul Brickhill, The Dam Busters, Pan 1983, ISBN 0-330-37644-6, p.257; Jon Lake, Lancaster Squadrons 1944-45, Osprey 2002, ISBN 978 1 84176 433 7, p.60.) Khamba Tendal (talk) 17:48, 23 June 2019 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Grand Slam (bomb). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120917143217/http://www.constable.ca/caah/bombs.htm to http://www.constable.ca/caah/bombs.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:50, 11 November 2016 (UTC)

CE
CE, added references, citations, homogenised citation style. Auto edded and rm dupe wikilinks Keith-264 (talk) 22:03, 12 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Added more detail but wonder if anyone has Flower, Stephen (2004). Barnes Wallis' Bombs: Tallboy, Dambuster & Grand Slam? Cooper gets a little vague about which hits were Slams and which were Tallboys. Regards Keith-264 (talk) 23:29, 19 November 2019 (UTC)

Repetition
It mentions the difference between GP and MC many times, word for word. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:2788:1008:2C3:E2CB:4EFF:FE88:1A2C (talk) 07:12, 27 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Where? Keith-264 (talk) 19:55, 27 January 2020 (UTC)

URL for citation
Why did you remove URL to cited page? --Happyseeu (talk) 22:16, 8 July 2021 (UTC)
 * No need since you gave the page number. Regards Keith-264 (talk) 22:20, 8 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Template:Sfn says "If a specific link to the page or section is available, a URL can be added to the location or page number. " So there is nothing against including a page URL. --Happyseeu (talk) 00:06, 10 July 2021 (UTC)
 * There's nothing for it either. They aren't included in the other sfns so it goes against the article style. Regards Keith-264 (talk) 09:19, 10 July 2021 (UTC)

Recent edits
I have a new source which promises to resolve some of the citation and detail failings of the eisting article. More to follow tomorrow. Keith-264 (talk) 17:59, 16 January 2022 (UTC)
 * More to mine from Flower 2013 on the bombings and revision to the lead to follow. Keith-264 (talk) 11:49, 19 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Three more raids and the lead to complete. Keith-264 (talk) 10:33, 24 January 2022 (UTC)

Hamburg, 9 April
I'm unconvinced that April 9th is indeed “Poets Day” in Germany, and reckon this ought to be referenced. In Britain “POETS Day” is an irreverent term for Friday, meaning “Piss Off Early, Tomorrow’s Saturday”; however April 9th 1945 was a Monday. Mr Larrington (talk) 22:47, 29 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I didn't write that bit and would be happy to see it go. Thanks for repairing the typos Mr L. Regards Keith-264 (talk) 06:10, 30 April 2022 (UTC)

"The most effective bomb" in lead
I don't think this should be said in the lead without defining to what standard effective refers to. Typically the effectiveness of a munition refers to its Circular error probability, which this sentence does not seem to make reference to. I think the sentence should be eliminated from the lead or context be given. Personnongratia (talk) 23:33, 7 November 2022 (UTC)
 * The lead reflects the information in the article, it isn't the place to discuss niceties. Regards Keith-264 (talk) 04:47, 8 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't characterize this as a nicety. Does "most effective bomb" refer to explosive power, circular error probability, minimization of civilian casualties, or the total strategic effect of its use? All are plausible definitions... All I ask for is some reference to what "effective" refers to. Yes the lead should not contain specifics, but this is not an excuse to use ambiguous terminology in ways that can cause a reader to jump to an incorrect conclusion about this specific weapon. The "effectiveness" of a bomb has no standard definition and can be interpreted in multiple ways, so it is our duty to inform a reader about what we mean we use the term. Personnongratia (talk) 05:06, 10 November 2022 (UTC)
 * What readers have jumped to wrong conclusions? Keith-264 (talk) 08:03, 10 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Asking that question misrepresents what the OP said. I'm with the OP here. Yes, the claim of "most effective" is repeated later in the article, in the Analysis sub-section, but it's not explained or defined there either. There's a link to a source, but it's a book; not easy for most readers to access. One assumes the book makes that claim, but we still have no idea what it means. HiLo48 (talk) 08:45, 10 November 2022 (UTC)

What would you prefer? Keith-264 (talk) 14:21, 10 November 2022 (UTC)
 * That's where the difficult to access source becomes a problem. I don't know what it actually says. Guessing is dangerous. It would at least be better explicitly assigning the claim to the author rather than writing it as an absolute claim in Wikipedia's voice. HiLo48 (talk) 22:15, 10 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I have the source so probably paraphrased that bit but it's an e-pub and I can't copy it; I'll have to transcribe it tomorrow so you can have a look. Regards Keith-264 (talk) 22:49, 10 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Grand Slam (bomb)