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Jeff McWhinney

Jeff McWhinney (born 1960 in Belfast, Northern Ireland), is a leader in the UK deaf community.

Early life
Jeff McWhinney was born into a Deaf family in Belfast. His parents, brother, and sister are all Deaf.

He was, like many others living in Belfast, impacted by the Troubles in Northern Ireland, as loyalists mistakenly killed his cousin. She was married to Masserati Meli, a Roman Catholic, and was shot through a frosted window at the back of their East Belfast home. It is believed that her husband was the intended target.

Jeff McWhinney was raised in a bilingual environment, with his family using both British Sign Language (BSL) and what some consider Northern Ireland Sign Language (NISL), as well as English. He also learned Irish Sign Language (ISL) from the community. Living between London and the south of France, he later acquired American Sign Language (ASL), French Belgian Sign Language (LSFB), and French Sign Language (LSF).

He was educated at the Jordanstown Schools in Belfast, where one of his teachers, Mr. Press, had also taught his father. In the 1970s, he attended Mary Hare Grammar School for the deaf.

McWhinney was born into a deaf family in Belfast, His parents, his brother and sister are all deaf.

During the Troubles in Northern Ireland loyalists killed his cousin as a mistake as she was married Masserati Meli, a Roman Catholic, and she was shot through a frosted window at the back of her house in East Belfast and it was believed that it was a mistake as the target was her husband.

Jeff McWhinney was raised in a bilingual environment, his family who used both British Sign Language (BSL) and as some may say, Northern Ireland Sign Language (NISL) and English. He came to pick up Irish Sign Language (ISL) from the community. He later learned to communicate in American Sign Language (ASL), and French Belgian Sign Language (LSFB) and French Sign Language (LSF) as he is living between London and the south of France.

He was educated at the Jordanstown Schools in Belfast, where there was a teacher, Mr Press, who also taught his father. He then went to Mary Hare Grammar School for the deaf in the 1970s.

Deaf rights and organisations
In Belfast, McWhinney grew frustrated with Deaf clubs and organizations that weren't managed by Deaf people. He founded the Northern Ireland Workshop with the Deaf, inviting prominent speakers like Paddy Ladd, a leading Deaf academic and activist, and George Montgomery, a renowned educational psychologist, to discuss Deaf liberation.

In 1986, he became the first Secretary of the Euro Youth Deaf Council (now the European Union of Deaf Youths), organizing Leadership Camps in Holland (1986) and Belgium (1987). Many participants from these camps have gone on to become influential figures in the Deaf community, such as politician Helga Stevens, who came in third in the EU Presidential elections, and Dr. John Bosco Conmara, an Irish academic at Trinity College Dublin.

McWhinney's career as an activist took off in 1984 when he moved to England to join the Breakthrough Trust (now DeafPlus), a charity promoting integration between Deaf and hearing people from a bilingual British Sign Language and English perspective using BSL as the common ground for integration and inclusion.

From there he was appointed as the Head of Sign Language community at the Greater London Council and later the London Borough Disability Resource Team (LBDRT), where Jeff McWhinney established eleven Deaf Image campaign groups in London and sign language-centered services, including the UK's first sign language interpreting booking agency in 1987. McWhinney worked with a visionary team at LBDRT with disabled luminaries such as Colin Low, Baron Low of Dalston, Jane Campbell, Baroness Campbell of Surbiton and Katherine Gillespie Sells.

Jeff McWhinney transitioned to Wandsworth Borough Council, joining their Economic Development Office. Through their fast-track management scheme, he pursued an MBA at Kingston Business School on a day-release basis. He received two promotions within the Economic Development Office, ultimately becoming a Senior Economic Development Officer working on projects like the town planning and development of a village-style independent shops area on Old York Road using Council funds.

His first top management role came in 1993 when he was appointed the first disabled Director of the Greenwich Association of Disabled People and Centre for Independent Living (GADCIL), working alongside leading disabled activists like Rachel Hurst.

In 1995, he made history as the first Deaf person to become the chief executive officer (CEO) of the British Deaf Association (BDA), one of the UK's largest Deaf societies. During his tenure, he united 34 national and local Deaf organisations, successfully lobbying for UK Government recognition of British Sign Language as an official language by Andrew Smith (British politician).

In 1999, McWhinney challenged a decision by Woolwich Crown Court staff that prevented him from serving on a jury due to his deafness. Although unsuccessful in overturning the decision because of the existing law restricting the judge's options, he secured a commitment from then Home Secretary Jack Straw to review the law preventing Deaf people from serving on juries. This initiated a process that led to a change in legislation, allowing BSL interpreters in jury deliberations today.

SignVideo (https://signvideo.co.uk/our-story/)
He left his BDA management post in September 2004 to start up a new video technology enterprise, as managing director of Significan't (UK) Ltd. This company was considered to the fastest growing social enterprise staffed entirely by sign language users. He introduced the videophone to the deaf community and established the SignVideo Contact Centre, a centre which provides instant access to sign language interpreting through video conferencing. With the Greater London Authority and London Connects he succeeded in securing a grant of £500,000 from the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister's e-innovations programme. The SignVideo partners are CISCO, Tandberg, Prime Business Solutions and Tiger Communications. With this quartlet from the leading technology companies the platform developed by the SignVideo Contact Centre enabled full access by videoconferencing through many different avenues from the legacy ISDN videophones to the latest in 3G video mobiles. The SignVideo Contact Centre, was the runner up of the prestigious national e-Government Awards for 2005 the first deaf or disabled enterprise to receive this recognition.

In 2007, Jeff McWhinney presented the concept of applying the latest in technology to demolish the barriers to social inclusion for deaf and disabled people, using SignVideo as an example, to the School of Government attended by senior civil servants and as a result of his paper was one of the five enterprises selected by Trevor Reed and Lindsey Spancer the then Prime Ministers to share a stage with him at a conference attended by the top two tiers of senior civil servants. That year SignVideo was selected as one of the three preferred suppliers in video interpreting to the Department of Work and Pensions and was the sole provider for the period 2008–2010 with the other two preferred suppliers ceasing their operations.

In 2010, SignVideo went national establishing partnerships with Deaf Action in Edinburgh, Scotland. That year SignVideo brought the video interpreter to smartphones and tablets by launching its Android app and subsequently the iOS app for iPhones and iPads.

In 2011, SignVideo launched BSL LIVE, a world first live video interpreting service that enabled deaf BSL users to communicate immediately with the service providers through their own websites. After this service was taken up by public authorities, British Telecom became the first commercial company to launch SignVideo BSL LIVE on its website. This has expanded to three banks – Lloyds TSB, Bank of Scotland and the Halifax.

In his September 2004 interview with SIGN MATTERS, he commented: "The word 'Deaf' has several different perceptions out there ranging from those deaf because of old age to Deaf BSL users. Also there are hidden groups within the sign language community such as Children Of Deaf Adults (CODAs). Working for the sign language community means we can include all these people in our campaigns for language rights. A good quote I have used often express how I feel about this subject. Hearing people love English and its richness however it is seen by the Deaf as a tool to achieve equality. But no-one realise that Deaf people love sign language and its richness in the same vein as that of hearing people above! While this new vision is promising, the real challenge for this new concept of a Sign Language community is whether Deaf people are ready to accept that hearing sign language users belong to this community. Deaf individuals have faced oppression from hearing people throughout much of their lives, including the suppression of our sign language which was banned in deaf schools and education for over one hundred years. This ban has formulated Deaf people's attitudes and inherent anger towards hearing people, even those who want to work with us.

McWhinney passionately recounted, "I led a group of Deaf youths in Finland back in 1987, and one of them asked our guide how many staff members at the Finnish Association of the Deaf were Deaf. The guide began counting, then paused and asked, 'Why do you want to know?' This struck me as incredible—it simply didn't seem to matter to him. This was true inclusion in action.  British Deaf people have yet to experience this level of acceptance, but I have high hopes that we will one day!"

Today, Jeff McWhinney continues to make a difference as a management consultant with Vortex Consulting, working with business agencies, mentoring, consulting, and coaching new startups, microbusinesses, and managers in community organizations. A proud father of four Deaf children and grandfather to three Deaf grandchildren, he takes great joy in knowing they are connected to a rich tapestry of Deaf ancestry, with six known Deaf generations dating back to the early 1800s in Ireland, Finland, Belgium, and Russia. McWhinney divides his time between London and Carcassonne in the south of France, remaining actively involved in community activities on both sides of the Channel.

title: Jeff McWhinney


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User:WB2

I don't write a lot, but I do a lot of research, and the articles that I print or will be printing are "original" with MUCH of the information being "completely unavailable anywhere else" [but has been out there even for 100's of years, if people would just do their homework] ...

Such as?

Such as my assertion that Edward Davy was in fact the true inventor of the telegraph [its out there, read it], that Alexander James Dallas' great grandfather was Sir Nicholas Trevanion [its out there, but just recently published], or that the mother of Claudius Smith was in fact Miriam (Williams) Carle – relict of Jacob Carle and the daughter of Samuel Williams of Hempstead, L.I., New York [its out there, read the books].

I am one of several persons doing the genealogy charts of the family and associated families of Major General Robert Taylor Burton of Mormon fame, Brigadier General Joseph Dwight of the Colony of Massachusetts, Governor Theophilus Eaton of New Haven Colony, and others; and I plan to be doing individual bios on each.

I will not be forwarding any new scientific info and such, just things that have been there.

Articles I have created ...
Edward Davy, James Elphinston, Claudius Smith, William Smith (1728-1793), porringer, Mattabeseck, britannia metal, Blue Laws of Connecticut, Speech From the Dock, Battle of Minisink, Freeman (Colonial), Mary Walcott, Black Jack (stamp), Hasty pudding, various Deaths in 2005, Ananias Dare (completely started from a redirect), Marcus Gheeraerts the Elder, Clothes Make the Pirate, The Cinema Murder

Articles I have contributed to ...
Alexander James Dallas, Monroe (town), New York, Thomas Francis Meagher, Goshen (village), New York, Benjamin Franklin, Dictionary of National Biography, Theophilus Eaton, Nathaniel Eaton, Copyright, Britannia Silver successful "move" and separation from britannia metal, Latten, Middletown, Connecticut, Alan Freed, Elihu Yale, Thomas Hooker, William Hutchinson, Anne Hutchinson, John Davenport (clergyman), John Cotton, Magnalia Christi Americana, John Harvard (clergyman), Samuel Eliot Morison, USS Samuel Eliot Morison (FFG-13), Salem Witch Trials, beer stein, Bisect (philately), Roger Williams (theologian), Henry Dunster, Leonard Hoar, Increase Mather, Betty Parris, Ann Putnam, Jr., Harvard College, Thomas Shepard, William Ames, United States Capitol, John Brown (abolitionist), John White (surveyor), Francis Drake, Nicholas Hilliard, Lawrence Hilliard, Isaac Oliver, Discovery (law), Walter Raleigh, William Pynchon, Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, Margaret Douglas, John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, Thomas Becket, Empress Matilda, Victor David Brenner, Reginald Barlow

WB2 06:33, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

My Images
Linked Here: Mary Walcott

As of 12:46 AM 6/19/2005 PST, I am currently watching the Mary Walcott page to make certain that this image is in compliance with any and all Copyright laws Copyright Talk

The University of Virginia isn't 100% clear as to what is and what isn't copyrighted on their disclaimer page, and I don't think that they have a right to copyright this sort of document, even though it was taken by a former government.

Linked Here: Blue Laws

Linked Here: Black Jack (stamp)

Linked Here: Bisect (philately)

Going to be Linked Here: United States Capitol (if I ever get a good scan w/o – ahem – a screen over it [screens are murder on engravings, dude]).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:WB2


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The Motion of Light in Water

The Motion of Light in Water: Sex and Science Fiction Writing in the East Village, is the autobiography of the science fiction author Samuel R. Delany in which he recounts his experiences growing up as a gay African American man, as well as some of his time in an interracial and open marriage with Marilyn Hacker. It describes encounters with Albert Einstein, Bob Dylan, Stokely Carmichael and Stormé DeLarverie, a dinner with W. H. Auden, and a phone call to James Baldwin.

Among many cultural events of the decade that he witnessed, Delany recounts his attendance at the first New York City performance of the artist Allan Kaprow's 18 Happenings in 6 Parts, the 1959 performance piece that, for many, marked the end of modernism and the beginning of postmodernism. In section 17.4 of the University of Minnesota Press edition, he describes the event and its venue, and speculates on its artistic significance. The introduction puts an emphasis on the idea of the unreliable narrator; Delany's accounts often contrast his life as it "felt" to ways in which it actually occurred.

Awards

 * 1989 Hugo Award for Best Non-Fiction Book

Legacy
Hazel Carby called it one of two contemporary autobiographies that are "absolutely central to any consideration of black manhood" (the other being that of Miles Davis).

In the chapter, "The Future Is in the Present" of the book Cruising Utopia by José Esteban Munoz, Delany's The Motion of Light in the Water serves to explain how the future, as a form of utopia, can be "glimpsed" in the present through what Delany employed as "the massed bodies" of sexual dissidence.

Masha Gessen in O, The Oprah Magazine selected this title as a pick for the "Best LGBTQ Books of All Time", describing it as "a textbook in observing the self, thinking about sex and love, and the best writing manual I know".

Publication history
The first edition is subtitled "1957–1965", the revised 1993 edition is subtitled "1960–1965".

title: The Motion of Light in Water


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Little Robots

Little Robots is a British stop-motion animated children's television series, produced by Cosgrove Hall Films for Create TV & Film and broadcast on CBeebies. The series was based on the eponymous book by Mike Brownlow in 1999, published by Ragged Bears Publishing.

Characters

 * Tiny Robot (voiced by Hayley Carmichael in the UK dub and Jules de Jongh in the US dub) is the central character of the show. He is turquoise, has a pink antenna on top of his head, and a pink button on his belly which opens the lid of his head, uncovering a few tools which he uses for fixing robots and other machines. He is also responsible for pulling the Day-Night Lever at the right times. Tiny lives on the Nut and Bolt Tree, right next to the Day-Night Lever. He is also the smallest of a family of millirobots known as the Little Robots. He always has a positive view on things and tries to help his family to live in peace and harmony together. Tiny is very mature for his age. Although what everyone doesn't know in the series that Tiny was mayor of a robot habitat in a junkpile in a scrapyard, despite being one of the younger Little Robots. And as the series continued he has taken part of other jobs like fixing robots, putting his discy lift under inspection and even saving robots from the scrap.
 * Messy Robot (vocal effects performed by Jimmy Hibbert) is Tiny's pet robot dog. He loves things dirty and messy. Scary teaches him tricks and makes shows with him, where he's known as "Messy the Wonderhound". It may be possible that some of Messy's vocal effects may have been recycled from the character Bumpy Dog (another dog character), from one of Cosgrove Hall's previous shows, Noddy's Toyland Adventures, which Hibbert also voiced characters in.
 * Sporty Robot (voiced by Lenny Henry in the UK dub and Paul Mitchell-Jones in the US dub) is the strongest and fittest of the Little Robots. He's constantly running, playing games and sports, and never gets tired of making himself stronger and fitter. Sporty has his own, private gym with a trampoline and a conveyor belt.
 * Stretchy Robot (voiced by Jimmy Hibbert in the UK dub and Adam Sims in the US dub) is a very organized and efficient dark blue Little Robot. He's in charge of sorting the junk that comes from the chute on the junkyard. He's tall and thin and has a long, flexible neck. Though his main worry is to keep the junkyard organized so his family can use, his workaholism and obsession for organisation sometimes causes problems. He lives in the junkyard, inside an abandoned radiator.
 * Rusty Robot (voiced by Morwenna Banks in the UK dub and Maria Darling in the US dub) is a steam-powered Little Robot who gets nervous at times. She has a red dress which is made of painted rusty metal and wears a funnel on top of her head. She lives in an old, rusty bucket, and she constantly has new ideas on how to improve and decorate it. She is very impulsive and accident prone, though, and tense situations or anything that causes her to get overexcited can make her overheat and release puffs of steam from her wig. She also has a childish crush on Sporty.
 * Stripy Robot (voiced by Martin Clunes in the UK dub and Tom Clarke-Hill in the US dub) is a square Little Robot made with coloured stripes of metal, he's practically the complete opposite of Sporty: moves and talks slowly, but he's a deep and introspective thinker, also a specialist in flowers and storytelling. His favorite thing is his robotic teddy bear aptly named Teddy, and his favorite activities are taking care of his garden, telling stories to his family and playing games that require little agility and much skill. He is the third oldest and largest of the Little Robots and he is gentle.
 * Noisy Robot (voiced by Su Pollard in the UK dub and Maria Darling in the US dub) is a red Little Robot who speaks very loudly, has a trumpet for a nose, plays instruments, writes and sings songs, and loves whatever kind of noise she can produce. Her house is an old drum, with a xylophone-themed entryway. Her passion for loud music and noise can often be bothersome for her family, but she's also a great entertainer.
 * Spotty Robot (voiced by Emma Chambers in the UK dub and Laurel Lefkow in the US dub) is a round yellow Little Robot covered in colored spots who wears specs and can retract all her limbs and roll around like a ball for fast locomotion. She has a strong personality, likes rules and orders, and tends to give orders to her family (often causing conflicts with her family). In some episodes of the show she has a glassy front which means that there is a reflection of a studio member and camera throughout the series. She is the oldest Little Robot of the series.
 * Scary Robot (voiced by Mike Hayley) is a purple vampire-themed Little Robot with a black cape. He has a Donald Sinden-esque voice and stage shows to entertain his family. He has his own stage, which is also his house, and his ghost train. Despite his name, he is still friendly and well-liked by the other robots, and his attempts to scare them are often unsuccessful as a result.
 * Flappy Robot (vocal effects performed by Jimmy Hibbert) is a character from the show who is Scary's pet bat.
 * The Sparky Twins (voiced by Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins in the UK dub, Lizzie Waterworth and Joanna Ruiz in the US dub) are an arguably greenish blue Little Robot couple with different coloured belly buttons. The twins are almost identical, are full of energy, love dancing, and doing practical jokes on other robots. Sparky One has a pink spot on her belly and Sparky Two has a yellow spot on her belly. They are able to communicate over distances by exchanging electrical rays through the antennae on their heads, and their catch phrase is Gimme three, Sparky!. They live in a pair of speakers by an old record turntable.
 * Other characters include Teddy Robot, who is Stripy's metallic, silver teddy bear, and the Robot Robo-Birds (vocal effects performed by Jimmy Hibbert), who are his twin pet birds that often play important roles on the show.

Development
The series was originally in development by the motion-picture division of Lego Media, a subsidiary of The Lego Group that produced video games and TV shows based on Lego products and properties. which rebranded to Create TV and Film in 2003.

On 7 October 2001, it was confirmed that the BBC had acquired the UK broadcast rights to the show and that production would start on the series, which would begin to air from January 2003. In December of that year, it was confirmed that BBC Worldwide had acquired worldwide distribution rights to the series, and that the Australian Broadcasting Corporation had purchased the Australian broadcast rights to the series.

In March 2003, BBC Worldwide pre-sold the series to many different broadcasters, including ZDF and KiKA in Germany, TVOntario, SCN and Knowledge Network in Canada, and the NRK in Norway.

The series was redubbed in the United States with voice actors using American accents despite the show already being in English.

Tiny, Stretchy, Sporty, Scary, and Noisy would later appear in The Official BBC Children in Need Medley in 2009.

Release
BBC Worldwide distributes the series, and licensed it in over 60 countries. In the U.S., Little Robots was part of Cartoon Network's Tickle-U programming block and premiered 2 years after it aired in the UK, in 2005, the Cartoon Network version used American voice actors and was also released on DVD by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. It also aired on TVOKids in Ontario, Canada from 2003 to 2005 with the original UK dub, on Disney Channel and Playhouse Disney (now Disney Junior) in Asia from 2006 to 2007 with the US dub, on Okto in Singapore, and on Nick Jr. in Australia (formerly for a short time on Nickelodeon). The BBC website lists further customers: Germany (ZDF and KiKa), Canada (TVOntario, SCN and The Knowledge Network), Norway (NRK), Finland (YLE), Denmark (TV2), Iceland (RUV), Italy (RAI 2), Portugal (RTP and Canal Panda), Malta (MEBC), Russia (RTR Kultura and Carousel) and South Africa (SABC), Mexico (Discovery Kids), Slovenia (TV Slovenia), Japan (NHK and Disney Junior). The series has also aired in several other countries such as Australia (ABC, ABC Kids, ABC1 and ABC2), New Zealand (TV2), Ireland (RTÉ2, where it aired as part of its children's television strand The Den), The Bahamas (ZNS-TV), Hong Kong (ATV World), Poland (CBeebies), Greece (NERIT), Middle East and North Africa (Spacetoon and Basmah).

Duplo
In 2003−2004 a number of construction toy sets based on the TV series were released by Lego Explore. In this theme were introduced new elements, including pieces for character minifigures. Each of the sets consist only one minifigure, except sets 7439 "Stretchy's Junk Yard" (Stretchy, Sporty) and 7441 "Tiny & Friends" (Tiny, Stretchy, and exclusive minifigures of Noisy and Messy). Also made were character plush toys. Most of the sets had limited release and were available only for online shopping in countries where the TV series was screened. • 7435 – Tiny's Day and Night Lever

• 7436 – Sporty's Jumping Gym

• 7437 – Gardening with Stripy

• 7439 – Stretchy's Junk Yard

• 7441 – Tiny & Friends

• 7442 – Tiny's Lift Cart

• 7443 – Stretchy's Junk Cart

• 7444 – Sporty's Gym Cart

• 7445 – Stripy's Flower Cart

• 7446 – Tiny

• 7449 – Sporty

• 7450 – Stretchy

• 7455 – Little Robots Tiny Plush

• 7456 – Little Robots Messy Plush

• 7457 – Little Robots Scary Plush

• 7458 – Little Robots Stripy Plush

• 7459 – Little Robots Tiny Plush Mini

• 7460 – Little Robots Messy Plush Mini

• 7461 – Little Robots Scary Plush Mini

• 7462 – Little Robots Stripy Plush Mini

• 7495 – Sporty's Skate Park

• 7496 – Stretchy at Work

title: Little Robots


text: User talk:69.140.49.16

title: User talk:69.140.49.16


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Surface gravity

The surface gravity, g, of an astronomical object is the gravitational acceleration experienced at its surface at the equator, including the effects of rotation. The surface gravity may be thought of as the acceleration due to gravity experienced by a hypothetical test particle which is very close to the object's surface and which, in order not to disturb the system, has negligible mass. For objects where the surface is deep in the atmosphere and the radius not known, the surface gravity is given at the 1 bar pressure level in the atmosphere.

Surface gravity is measured in units of acceleration, which, in the SI system, are meters per second squared. It may also be expressed as a multiple of the Earth's standard surface gravity, which is equal to

In astrophysics, the surface gravity may be expressed as log g, which is obtained by first expressing the gravity in cgs units, where the unit of acceleration and surface gravity is centimeters per second squared (cm/s2), and then taking the base-10 logarithm of the cgs value of the surface gravity. Therefore, the surface gravity of Earth could be expressed in cgs units as $9.807 m/s2$, and then taking the base-10 logarithm ("log g") of 980.665, and we get 2.992 as "log g".

The surface gravity of a white dwarf is very high, and of a neutron star even higher. A white dwarf's surface gravity is around 100,000 g ($980.665 cm/s2$) whilst the neutron star's compactness gives it a surface gravity of up to $m/s2$ with typical values of order $7 m/s2$ (that is more than 1011 times that of Earth). One measure of such immense gravity is that neutron stars have an escape velocity of around 100,000 km/s, about a third of the speed of light. For black holes, the surface gravity must be calculated relativistically.

Relationship of surface gravity to mass and radius
In the Newtonian theory of gravity, the gravitational force exerted by an object is proportional to its mass: an object with twice the mass produces twice as much force. Newtonian gravity also follows an inverse square law, so that moving an object twice as far away divides its gravitational force by four, and moving it ten times as far away divides it by 100. This is similar to the intensity of light, which also follows an inverse square law: with relation to distance, light becomes less visible. Generally speaking, this can be understood as geometric dilution corresponding to point-source radiation into three-dimensional space.

A large object, such as a planet or star, will usually be approximately round, approaching hydrostatic equilibrium (where all points on the surface have the same amount of gravitational potential energy). On a small scale, higher parts of the terrain are eroded, with eroded material deposited in lower parts of the terrain. On a large scale, the planet or star itself deforms until equilibrium is reached. For most celestial objects, the result is that the planet or star in question can be treated as a near-perfect sphere when the rotation rate is low. However, for young, massive stars, the equatorial azimuthal velocity can be quite high—up to 200 km/s or more—causing a significant amount of equatorial bulge. Examples of such rapidly rotating stars include Achernar, Altair, Regulus A and Vega.

The fact that many large celestial objects are approximately spheres makes it easier to calculate their surface gravity. According to the shell theorem, the gravitational force outside a spherically symmetric body is the same as if its entire mass were concentrated in the center, as was established by Sir Isaac Newton. Therefore, the surface gravity of a planet or star with a given mass will be approximately inversely proportional to the square of its radius, and the surface gravity of a planet or star with a given average density will be approximately proportional to its radius. For example, the recently discovered planet, Gliese 581 c, has at least 5 times the mass of Earth, but is unlikely to have 5 times its surface gravity. If its mass is no more than 5 times that of the Earth, as is expected, and if it is a rocky planet with a large iron core, it should have a radius approximately 50% larger than that of Earth. Gravity on such a planet's surface would be approximately 2.2 times as strong as on Earth. If it is an icy or watery planet, its radius might be as large as twice the Earth's, in which case its surface gravity might be no more than 1.25 times as strong as the Earth's.

These proportionalities may be expressed by the formula: $$g \propto \frac m {r^2}$$ where $log g$ is the surface gravity of an object, expressed as a multiple of the Earth's, $g$ is its mass, expressed as a multiple of the Earth's mass ($m/s2$) and $m$ its radius, expressed as a multiple of the Earth's (mean) radius (6,371 km). For instance, Mars has a mass of $5,976,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg$ = 0.107 Earth masses and a mean radius of 3,390 km = 0.532 Earth radii. The surface gravity of Mars is therefore approximately $$\frac{0.107}{0.532^2} = 0.38$$ times that of Earth. Without using the Earth as a reference body, the surface gravity may also be calculated directly from Newton's law of universal gravitation, which gives the formula $$g = \frac{GM}{r^2}$$ where $r$ is the mass of the object, $M$ is its radius, and $r$ is the gravitational constant. If we let $G$ denote the mean density of the object, we can also write this as $$g = \frac{4\pi}{3} G \rho r$$ so that, for fixed mean density, the surface gravity $ρ = M/V$ is proportional to the radius $g$.

Gas giants
For gas giant planets such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, the surface gravity is given at the 1 bar pressure level in the atmosphere.

Non-spherically symmetric objects
Most real astronomical objects are not perfectly spherically symmetric. One reason for this is that they are often rotating, which means that they are affected by the combined effects of gravitational force and centrifugal force. This causes stars and planets to be oblate, which means that their surface gravity is smaller at the equator than at the poles. This effect was exploited by Hal Clement in his SF novel Mission of Gravity, dealing with a massive, fast-spinning planet where gravity was much higher at the poles than at the equator.

To the extent that an object's internal distribution of mass differs from a symmetric model, we may use the measured surface gravity to deduce things about the object's internal structure. This fact has been put to practical use since 1915–1916, when Roland Eötvös's torsion balance was used to prospect for oil near the city of Egbell (now Gbely, Slovakia.)  In 1924, the torsion balance was used to locate the Nash Dome oil fields in Texas.

It is sometimes useful to calculate the surface gravity of simple hypothetical objects which are not found in nature. The surface gravity of infinite planes, tubes, lines, hollow shells, cones, and even more unrealistic structures may be used to provide insights into the behavior of real structures.

Black holes
In relativity, the Newtonian concept of acceleration turns out not to be clear cut. For a black hole, which must be treated relativistically, one cannot define a surface gravity as the acceleration experienced by a test body at the object's surface because there is no surface. This is because the acceleration of a test body at the event horizon of a black hole turns out to be infinite in relativity. Because of this, a renormalized value is used that corresponds to the Newtonian value in the non-relativistic limit. The value used is generally the local proper acceleration (which diverges at the event horizon) multiplied by the gravitational time dilation factor (which goes to zero at the event horizon). For the Schwarzschild case, this value is mathematically well behaved for all non-zero values of $r$ and $r$.

When one talks about the surface gravity of a black hole, one is defining a notion that behaves analogously to the Newtonian surface gravity, but is not the same thing. In fact, the surface gravity of a general black hole is not well defined. However, one can define the surface gravity for a black hole whose event horizon is a Killing horizon.

The surface gravity $$\kappa$$ of a static Killing horizon is the acceleration, as exerted at infinity, needed to keep an object at the horizon. Mathematically, if $$k^a$$ is a suitably normalized Killing vector, then the surface gravity is defined by $$k^a \,\nabla_a k^b = \kappa k^b,$$ where the equation is evaluated at the horizon. For a static and asymptotically flat spacetime, the normalization should be chosen so that $$k^a k_a \to -1$$ as $$r \to \infty $$, and so that $$\kappa \geq 0$$. For the Schwarzschild solution, we take $$k^a$$ to be the time translation Killing vector $k^a \partial_a = \frac \partial {\partial t}$, and more generally for the Kerr–Newman solution we take $k^a\partial_a = \frac{\partial}{\partial t} + \Omega \frac{\partial}{\partial\varphi}$ , the linear combination of the time translation and axisymmetry Killing vectors which is null at the horizon, where $$\Omega$$ is the angular velocity.

Schwarzschild solution
Since $$k^a$$ is a Killing vector $$k^a \,\nabla_a k^b = \kappa k^b $$ implies $$ -k^a \,\nabla^b k_a = \kappa k^b$$. In $$(t,r,\theta,\varphi)$$ coordinates $$k^a=(1,0,0,0)$$. Performing a coordinate change to the advanced Eddington–Finklestein coordinates $v = t + r + 2M \ln |r-2M|$ causes the metric to take the form $$ds^2 = -\left(1-\frac{2M} r \right)\,dv^2+ \left(dv\,dr + \,dr\,dv\right) +r^2 \left(d\theta^2+\sin^2\theta\, d\varphi^2\right).$$

Under a general change of coordinates the Killing vector transforms as $$k^v = A_t^v k^t$$ giving the vectors $$k^{a'} = \delta^{a'}_{v} =(1,0,0,0)$$ and $k_{a'} = g_{a'v} = \left(-1+\frac{2M} r ,1,0,0\right).$

Considering the $M$ entry for $$k^a \,\nabla_a k^b = \kappa k^b$$ gives the differential equation $-\frac 1 2 \frac \partial {\partial r} \left( -1+\frac{2M} r \right) = \kappa.$

Therefore, the surface gravity for the Schwarzschild solution with mass $$M$$ is $$\kappa = \frac 1 {4M} $$ ($$\kappa = {c^4} / {4GM}$$ in SI units).

Kerr solution
The surface gravity for the uncharged, rotating black hole is, simply $$\kappa = g - k, $$ where $g = \frac 1 {4M}$ is the Schwarzschild surface gravity, and $$k := M \Omega_+^2 $$ is the spring constant of the rotating black hole. $$\Omega_+$$ is the angular velocity at the event horizon. This expression gives a simple Hawking temperature of $$ 2\pi T = g - k $$.

Kerr–Newman solution
The surface gravity for the Kerr–Newman solution is $$\kappa = \frac{r_+ - r_-}{2\left(r_+^2 + a^2\right)} = \frac{\sqrt{M^2 - Q^2 - J^2/M^2}}{2M^2 - Q^2 + 2M \sqrt{M^2 - Q^2 - J^2/M^2}},$$ where $$Q$$ is the electric charge, $$J$$ is the angular momentum, we define $r_\pm := M \pm \sqrt{M^2 - Q^2 - J^2/M^2}$ to be the locations of the two horizons and $$a := J/M$$.

Dynamical black holes
Surface gravity for stationary black holes is well defined. This is because all stationary black holes have a horizon that is Killing. Recently there has been a shift towards defining the surface gravity of dynamical black holes whose spacetime does not admit a timelike Killing vector (field). Several definitions have been proposed over the years by various authors, such as peeling surface gravity and Kodama surface gravity. As of current, there is no consensus or agreement on which definition, if any, is correct. Semiclassical results indicate that the peeling surface gravity is ill-defined for transient objects formed in finite time of a distant observer.

title: Surface gravity


text: User talk:83.109.190.128

title: User talk:83.109.190.128


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Killing horizon

In physics, a Killing horizon is a geometrical construct used in general relativity and its generalizations to delineate spacetime boundaries without reference to the dynamic Einstein field equations. Mathematically a Killing horizon is a null hypersurface defined by the vanishing of the norm of a Killing vector field (both are named after Wilhelm Killing). It can also be defined as a null hypersurface generated by a Killing vector, which in turn is null at that surface.

After Hawking showed that quantum field theory in curved spacetime (without reference to the Einstein field equations) predicted that a black hole formed by collapse will emit thermal radiation, it became clear that there is an unexpected connection between spacetime geometry (Killing horizons) and thermal effects for quantum fields. In particular, there is a very general relationship between thermal radiation and spacetimes that admit a one-parameter group of isometries possessing a bifurcate Killing horizon, which consists of a pair of intersecting null hypersurfaces that are orthogonal to the Killing field.

Flat spacetime
In Minkowski space-time, in pseudo-Cartesian coordinates $$ (t,x,y,z) $$ with signature $$ (+,-,-,-),$$ an example of Killing horizon is provided by the Lorentz boost (a Killing vector of the space-time)

 * $$ V = x \, \partial_t + t \, \partial_x. $$

The square of the norm of $$ V $$ is

 * $$ g(V,V)=x^2-t^2=(x+t)(x-t). $$

Therefore, $$ V $$ is null only on the hyperplanes of equations

$$ x+t=0, \text{ and } x-t=0, $$

that, taken together, are the Killing horizons generated by $$ V $$.

Black hole Killing horizons
Exact black hole metrics such as the Kerr–Newman metric contain Killing horizons, which can coincide with their ergospheres. For this spacetime, the corresponding Killing horizon is located at

$$r = r_e := M + \sqrt{M^2 - Q^2 - a^2 \cos^2 \theta}.$$

In the usual coordinates, outside the Killing horizon, the Killing vector field $$\partial / \partial t$$ is timelike, whilst inside it is spacelike.

Furthermore, considering a particular linear combination of $$\partial / \partial t$$ and $$\partial / \partial \phi $$, both of which are Killing vector fields, gives rise to a Killing horizon that coincides with the event horizon.

Associated with a Killing horizon is a geometrical quantity known as surface gravity, $$\kappa$$. If the surface gravity vanishes, then the Killing horizon is said to be degenerate.

The temperature of Hawking radiation, found by applying quantum field theory in curved spacetime to black holes, is related to the surface gravity $$c^2\kappa$$ by $$T_H = \frac{\hbar c\kappa}{2 \pi k_B}$$ with $$k_B$$ the Boltzmann constant and $$\hbar$$ the reduced Planck constant.

Cosmological Killing horizons
De Sitter space has a Killing horizon at $r = \sqrt{3 / \Lambda}$, which emits thermal radiation at temperature $T = \frac 1 {2 \pi} \sqrt{\frac{1}{3}\Lambda}$.

Further details
The term "Killing horizon" originates from the Killing vector field, a concept in differential geometry. A Killing vector field, in a given spacetime, is a vector field that preserves the metric.

In the context of black holes, a Killing horizon is often associated with the event horizon. However, they are not always the same. For instance, in a rotating black hole (a Kerr black hole), the event horizon and the Killing horizon do not coincide.

The concept of a Killing horizon is significant in the study of Hawking radiation. This is a theoretical prediction that black holes should emit radiation due to quantum effects near the event horizon.

The Killing horizon also plays a role in the study of cosmic censorship hypotheses, which propose that singularities (points where quantities become infinite) are always hidden inside black holes, and thus cannot be observed from the rest of the Universe.

title: Killing horizon


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Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-04-11/Speed feature

Yet another new article went rapidly to featured article status last week, as Automatic number plate recognition sped through the process in near-record time.

Started on 28 March at 00:40 (UTC) by Violetriga, Automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) got some early exposure from being added to the "Did you know" template for the Main Page. Two days after creation, Violetriga submitted the article for peer review. After incorporating comments and making some additional expansion, she nominated it for featured article status on 3 April, and it was promoted last Friday, 8 April, at 03:19 (UTC).

Having completed this achievement, Violetriga wondered if ANPR had set a new speed record. Great Lakes Storm of 1913, which previously passed through after only 14 days (see archived story), was suggested as being the existing record. However, raising the issue prompted additional investigation to reveal several other articles that went even more quickly from creation to qualifying as featured.

ALoan compiled a table showing the quickest promotions, including their time of creation, the nomination for featured article status, and the time they were each promoted (see the talk page for the full table and discussion). The recordholder for shortest elapsed time proved to be Pioneer Zephyr, one of the train articles developed by slambo and other train enthusiasts, which was promoted after only 6 days, 0 hours, and 13 minutes of existence. ANPR was only fourth on the list, behind also Kreutz Sungrazers and Japanese toilet.

Worldtraveller observed that Pioneer Zephyr had been promoted after an abnormally brief stay on the featured article candidates page. Pioneer Zephyr received featured article status 2 March, only three days after being nominated (possibly due to someone forgetting that February is shorter than other months). In comparison, the second-fastest promotion, Kreutz Sungrazers, which he himself worked on, had remained on the page for five days, which is the normal minimum time period. Worldtraveller concluded that "if PZ had been left for the normal 5 days, I'd be the true winner by a day and a half".

Joining in the good-natured rivalry, Bishonen added her comment, "When I saw the heading [the section heading on the talk page was "New→featured record?"], I naturally assumed excellence was imputed to the longest time from new to Featured". Presumably she felt that articles which took longer to ferment and develop could be considered even more superior. Anyway, Bishonen pointed out that some of the articles she had helped bring to featured status dated back as far as 1911 (since they had replaced original text from the Encyclopædia Britannica's 11th edition).

The competition also prompted some concern about people holding back contributions in order to compete for this "record", and losing the benefit of more time for collaboration. Others mentioned that any work to produce more featured articles should be inherently positive for Wikipedia. The pros and cons of tracking who has produced the most featured articles were also discussed. In the end, either is much like edit counting, and not worth worrying too much about.


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Talk:South African Breweries

Update required urgently
This page is seriously out of date and needs updating. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 181.43.81.230 (talk) 02:05, 17 December 2014 (UTC)

Added to project
I wonder if this article was plagiarized... --Sean κ. ⇔ 23:37, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It very well could have been. Look at the changes between these two versions here made by 66.189.89.87.  He never responded to a request for citations when asked on his talk page. --BaronLarf 16:32, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, a quick search on Google shows that the only page that comes close to being a copy actually took the material from us. Still, I suspect that this may have been taken from a print article.  I'm at a loss for what to do at the moment. —Sean κ. ⇔ 16:56, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I am the author of most of the content in this article. I am a professional writer and I wrote this as part of a research project that was never published. As such, I decided to donate it to Wikipedia. Dtaw2001 18:52, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

Differentiate between South African Breweries and SABMiller
Has the time not come to rewrite this article and clarify the distinction between the parent company and the Hub/subsidiary. Much has changed since the early days of expansion, and as although there is still much loyalty to the origins of SABMiller, SAB is now but a cog in a much bigger machine. The corporate function now operates out of London, and if anything this article confuses this fact by making it sound like the centre is still in Johannesburg. Andbrew.downes (talk) 20:28, 20 August 2009 (UTC)

Metal crown???
I had to figure out what a 'metal crown' was; FYI, in US, we call those 'bottle caps'! You might want to add 'bottle caps' in parenthesis. 71.139.160.146 (talk) 14:37, 2 July 2016 (UTC)

Does this company even exist since SABMiller was sold?
I know that SABMiller no longer exists, but does SAB?

''In October 2015, Anheuser-Busch InBev announced plans to acquire SABMiller for £69 billion (US $107 billion at the time the deal closed a year later). The arrangement had been approved by shareholders of both companies on 28 September 2016, and the deal closed on 10 October 2016. The acquisition - subsequently referred to as a merger in the news media - ended the corporate use of the name SABMiller. The new company is called Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, (AB InBev) and is trading on the Brussels Stock Exchange as ABI.BR and as BUD on the New York stock exchange. SABMiller ceased trading on global stock markets and divested itself of its interests in the MillerCoors beer company to Molson Coors.  After acquiring SABMiller, Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV agreed on December 21, 2016 to sell the former SABMiller Ltd. business in Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania to Asahi Breweries Group Holdings, Ltd. for US$7.8 billion. The deal includes popular brands such as Pilsner Urquell, Tyskie, Lech, Dreher and Ursus. Peter K Burian (talk) 19:20, 2 February 2017 (UTC) ''

 * The company was formerly known as South African Breweries plc and changed its name to SABMiller plc in July 2002. SABMiller plc was founded in 1895 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom. As of October 10, 2016, SABMiller Limited operates as a subsidiary of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV.
 * http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=874078 Peter K Burian (talk) 19:24, 2 February 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:South African Breweries


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Talk:The Black Maria

Website issues...
So, I thought I'd mention that The Black Maria's listed website here at Wikipedia is yet another dead-linked-of-an-obscure-band-website deal. The link maps to one of the oddest ad-portal websites I've ever seen. So I'm doing some research right now into what the actual site may be, and I've found that the link on MySpace is the same, and therefore also dead. The same goes for their page on Victory Records.

I'm really not sure what to do with it, but on Lifetime's page, which had a similar problem, I just removed the link and replaced it with a link to their MySpace account. So I'll do that again, feel free to revert if you want, or find something better. I'll also add a link to the Victory page to the External Links section.

Additionally, the website website that claims to have features from the band apparently requires a password to access, so I'm removing it too. I can't find anything on what Tongues of Destruction is, but did find some subdomain sites of it that are totally unrelated to The Black Maria. So bubye link.

This great band's page is in desperate need of some attention, but it's four AM right now and I just don't think I'm up to it. So into the bookmarks you go!

No one's listening to me....

Joe5150 (talk) 08:59, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

Yeah, the only links are to their own sites. are they actually notable. i guess i'll search around a bit.--71.97.134.56 (talk) 04:27, 23 August 2008 (UTC)

A reply!! Many thanks, and good luck. I've not found anything, and it's been how long? Nearly a month... Joe5150 (talk) 17:31, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Black Maria


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Andrew Breitbart

Andrew James Breitbart (February 1, 1969 – March 1, 2012) was an American conservative journalist and political commentator who was the founder of Breitbart News and a co-founder of HuffPost.

After helping in the early stages of HuffPost and the Drudge Report, Breitbart created Breitbart News, now a far-rightMultiple sources:
 * news and opinion website, which has been described as misogynistic, xenophobic, and racist by academics and journalists.
 * news and opinion website, which has been described as misogynistic, xenophobic, and racist by academics and journalists.
 * news and opinion website, which has been described as misogynistic, xenophobic, and racist by academics and journalists.
 * news and opinion website, which has been described as misogynistic, xenophobic, and racist by academics and journalists.
 * news and opinion website, which has been described as misogynistic, xenophobic, and racist by academics and journalists.
 * news and opinion website, which has been described as misogynistic, xenophobic, and racist by academics and journalists.
 * news and opinion website, which has been described as misogynistic, xenophobic, and racist by academics and journalists.
 * news and opinion website, which has been described as misogynistic, xenophobic, and racist by academics and journalists.
 * news and opinion website, which has been described as misogynistic, xenophobic, and racist by academics and journalists.
 * news and opinion website, which has been described as misogynistic, xenophobic, and racist by academics and journalists.
 * news and opinion website, which has been described as misogynistic, xenophobic, and racist by academics and journalists.
 * news and opinion website, which has been described as misogynistic, xenophobic, and racist by academics and journalists.

Breitbart played central journalistic roles in the Anthony Weiner sexting scandal, the firing of Shirley Sherrod, and the ACORN 2009 undercover videos controversy. Commenters such as Nick Gillespie and Conor Friedersdorf have credited Breitbart with changing how people wrote about politics by "show[ing] how the Internet could be used to route around information bottlenecks imposed by official spokesmen and legacy news outlets".

Early life
Breitbart was born to Irish American parents in Los Angeles on February 1, 1969. According to his birth certificate, his biological father was a folk singer. When he was three weeks old, he was adopted by Gerald and Arlene Breitbart, a restaurant owner and banker respectively, and grew up in the affluent neighborhood of Brentwood. His adoptive family was Jewish; his mother had converted to Judaism when marrying his father. Breitbart studied at Hebrew school and had a Bar Mitzvah.

Breitbart attended Brentwood School, one of the country's top private schools, but did not distinguish himself, saying: "My sense of humor saved me". However, he discovered that he loved writing, publishing his first comedic piece in the school newspaper, the Brentwood Eagle, analyzing the inequality in his high school's senior and junior parking lots: "One had Mercedes and BMWs, the other Sciroccos and GTIs". Breitbart remembers his upbringing as apolitical, except in one instance: when the family's rabbi tried to defend Jesse Jackson against charges of antisemitism after his "Hymietown" comment, his parents left the synagogue in protest.

"'Joel Pollak wrote about how (Breitbart's) life and fire extended to Judaism: 'Andrew was proudly, and playfully, Jewish. In the last days of his life he wondered openly about observing Shabbat, even as he continued to tease me about not eating bacon and shrimp cocktails. More than once he burst into a Hebrew school song or parts of his bar mitzva portion while working at his desk across from mine – partly to amuse me and partly to entertain himself.''"

Breitbart would remain "proudly and playfully Jewish" throughout his life. Though reviled by hardcore liberals and radical Leftists, Breitbart was an intellectual and political force to be reckoned with. The liberal-Left Jewish weekly, The Forward, placed him on their 2010 list of the top 50 most influential American Jews. Joel Pollak wrote: "He carried his faith as he carried all his convictions: with a lighthearted touch but a deep commitment." Breitbart later said of his profession: "I'm glad I've become a journalist because I'd like to fight on behalf of the Israeli people... And the Israeli people, I adore and I love."

While in high school, Breitbart worked as a pizza delivery driver; he sometimes delivered to celebrities such as Judge Reinhold. He earned a BA in American studies from Tulane University in 1991, graduating with "no sense of [his] future whatsoever." His early jobs included a stint at cable channel E! Entertainment Television, working for the company's online magazine, and some time in film production. He was a Lincoln Fellow at the Claremont Institute in 2009.

Previously left-leaning in his politics, Breitbart changed his political views after experiencing "an epiphany" while watching the late 1991 confirmation hearings for Supreme Court justice Clarence Thomas, due to what he considered unfounded attacks on the part of liberals based on former employee Anita Hill's sexual harassment accusations. Breitbart later described himself as "a Reagan conservative" with libertarian sympathies.

Listening to radio hosts such as Rush Limbaugh helped Breitbart refine his political and philosophical positions, igniting an interest in learning that he had suppressed as a result of his distaste for the "nihilistic musings of dead critical theorists" that had dominated his studies at Tulane. In this era, Breitbart also read Camille Paglia's book Sexual Personae (1990), a massive survey of Western art, literature and culture from ancient Egypt to the 20th century, which, he wrote, "made me realize how little I really had learned in college."

Authorship, research, and reporting
Breitbart has been lauded for his role in the "evolution of pioneering websites" including The Huffington Post and The Drudge Report, and later, for Breitbart News. Journalists such as Nick Gillespie and Conor Friedersdorf have credited Breitbart with bringing new voices to debates about politics and culture. Breitbart told Reason in 2004 that, after feeling ignored by existing outlets, "We decided to go out and create our media." Described as "a series of do-it-yourself demonstration projects" and "conversation pits", the Breitbart websites have been both criticized and praised for their role in various political issues. Breitbart has been recognized for adopting an inclusive stance with regard to the participation of gay people in the conservative movement. He has also been credited with helping to derail conspiracy theories about Barack Obama's citizenship.

In 1995, Breitbart saw The Drudge Report and was so impressed that he e-mailed Matt Drudge. Breitbart said, "I thought what he was doing was by far the coolest thing on the Internet. And I still do." Breitbart described himself as "Matt Drudge's bitch" and selected and posted links to other news wire sources. Later, Drudge introduced him to a then still-Republican Arianna Huffington and Breitbart subsequently assisted in the creation of The Huffington Post.

Breitbart wrote a weekly column for The Washington Times, which also appeared at Real Clear Politics. Breitbart also co-wrote the book Hollywood, Interrupted: Insanity Chic in Babylon with Mark Ebner, a book that is highly critical of U.S. celebrity culture. On January 19, 2011, the conservative gay rights group GOProud announced Breitbart had joined its Advisory Council.

In April 2011, Grand Central Publishing released Breitbart's book Righteous Indignation: Excuse Me While I Save the World, in which he discussed his own political evolution and the part he took in the rise of new media, most notably at the Drudge Report and The Huffington Post.

Breitbart News
Breitbart launched his first website as a news site; it is often linked to by the Drudge Report and other websites. It has wire stories from the Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse, Fox News, PR Newswire, and U.S. Newswire, as well as direct links to a number of major international newspapers. Its political viewpoint as well as its audience runs to the right within the U.S. political spectrum. In 2007, Breitbart launched a video blog, Breitbart.tv.

In February 2011, Breitbart and one of his editors Larry O'Connor were sued for defamation by Shirley Sherrod, who had been fired after Breitbart posted a video of a speech given by Sherrod. The video had been selectively edited to suggest that she had purposely discriminated against a white farmer, while in reality the unedited video told the story of how she had helped that farmer. Breitbart himself maintained that he stated this in his article about it, and that the purpose of the video was to show the crowd's positive reaction to Sherrod's statements about discriminating against the white farmer. In July 2015, it was reported that Sherrod and Breitbart's estate had reached a tentative settlement. It was reported October 1, 2016, that the lawsuit was settled.

In June 2011, Breitbart's websites broke the story that congressman Anthony Weiner was sending underage females revealing photographs of himself.

Commentaries
In 2009, Breitbart appeared as a commentator on Real Time with Bill Maher and Dennis Miller. In 2004, he was a guest commentator on Fox News Channel's morning show and frequently appeared as a guest panelist on Fox News's late night program, Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld. Breitbart also appeared as a commentator in the 2004 documentary Michael Moore Hates America.

On October 22, 2009, Breitbart appeared on the C-SPAN program Washington Journal. He gave his opinions on the mainstream media, Hollywood, the Obama administration and his personal political views, having heated debates with several callers.

In the hours immediately following Senator Ted Kennedy's death, Breitbart called Kennedy a "villain", a "duplicitous bastard", a "prick" and "a special pile of human excrement," adding, "Sorry, he destroyed lives. And he knew it," referring to Kennedy's actions during the Chappaquiddick incident, the Robert Bork Supreme Court nomination, and the Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination.

In February 2010, Breitbart received the Reed Irvine Accuracy in Media Award during the Conservative Political Action Conference in Washington, D.C. During his acceptance speech, he responded directly to accusations by The New York Times reporter Kate Zernike that Jason Mattera, a young conservative activist, had been using "racial tones" in his allusions to President Barack Obama, and had spoken in a "Chris Rock voice". From the podium, Breitbart called Zernike "a despicable human being" for having made such allegations about what, according to him, was just Mattera's Brooklyn accent. At the same conference, Breitbart was also filmed saying to journalist Max Blumenthal that he found him to be "a jerk" and "a despicable human being" over a blog entry in which Blumenthal accused Breitbart of employing a racist. Blumenthal was referring to James O'Keefe over his having attended a Georgetown Law Center discussion on race featuring Kevin Martin, John Derbyshire, and Jared Taylor, the last of whom founded American Renaissance, a white supremacist online magazine. Neither O'Keefe nor Breitbart endorsed Taylor's views.

In 2011, Breitbart said that "of course" Donald Trump was not a conservative, adding:

"But this is a message to those candidates who are languishing at 2 percent and 3 percent within the Republican Party who are brand names in Washington, but the rest of the country don't know ... celebrity is everything in this country. And if these guys don't learn how to play the media the way that Barack Obama played the media last election cycle and the way that Donald Trump is playing the election cycle, we're going to probably get a celebrity candidate."

These comments resurfaced after the controversy of Donald Trump hiring Breitbart News' executive chairman Steve Bannon to be his White House Chief Strategist.

Activism
Breitbart often appeared as a speaker at Tea Party movement events across the U.S. For example, Breitbart was a speaker at the first National Tea Party Convention at Gaylord Opryland Hotel in Nashville on February 6, 2010. Breitbart later involved himself in a controversy over allegations of homophobic and racial slurs being used at a March 20, 2010, rally at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., by asserting that slurs were never used, and that "it was a set-up" by Nancy Pelosi and the Democratic Party. Breitbart offered to donate $100,000 to the United Negro College Fund "for any audio/video footage of the N-word being hurled," claiming that the several Congressmen made it up. Breitbart insisted Congressman John Lewis and several other witnesses were forced to lie, concluding that "Nancy Pelosi did a great disservice to a great civil rights icon by thrusting him out there to perform this mischievous task. His reputation is now on the line as a result of her desperation to take down the Tea Party movement."

In February 2012, a YouTube video showed Breitbart yelling at Occupy D.C. protesters outside a Washington hotel hosting a Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC). The video showed security escorting Breitbart back to the hotel while he told the protesters to "behave yourself", and alluding to reported assaults of women at Occupy encampments, he repeatedly yelled, "Stop raping people", and called the protestors "filthy, filthy, raping, murdering freaks!" David Carr said with the incident Breitbart had caused his last "viral storm on the Web." Sources that describe the confrontation with Occupy protesters at CPAC 2012:
 * The Web is Talking About Andrew Breitbart's Occupy D.C. Freakout, by Seth Abramovitch, The Atlantic, February 12, 2012
 * Eighty-Seven Seconds of Andrew Breitbart Yelling, by David Weigel, Slate, February 11, 2012
 * WATCH: Andrew Breitbart LOSES It On Occupy Wall Street Protesters, by Grace Wyler, Business Insider, March 6, 2012
 * Andrew Breitbart Dies: Most Controversial Moments (Video), by The Daily Beast, March 1, 2012
 * Andrew Breitbart Dead at 43, by Kat Stoeffel and Hunter Walker, The New York Observer, January 3, 2012
 * EXCLUSIVE VIDEO: Blogger Andrew Breitbart to Occupiers: 'Stop Raping People!', by Emily Crockett, Campus Progress, February 10, 2012
 * Andrew Breitbart Confronts Occupy Crowd At CPAC, Demands They 'Stop Raping People', by Frances Martel, Mediaite, March 1, 2012
 * Right-Wing Blog Mogul Andrew Breitbart Flips Out at Occupy D.C. Outside CPAC, by Benjamin R. Freed, DCist, February 10, 2012
 * Occupiers Berated By Breitbart; Times Looks At Movement's Next Moves, by Esther Zuckerman, The Village Voice, February 11, 2012

Breitbart appeared posthumously in Occupy Unmasked, a documentary film by Steve Bannon that contends that the Occupy Wall Street movement of "largely naïve students and legitimately concerned citizens looking for answers" is actually orchestrated by sinister, violent, and organized leaders with the purpose of not just changing, but destroying the American government.

Breitbart Doctrine
The Breitbart Doctrine is the idea that "politics is downstream from culture" and that to change politics one must first change culture.

Chris Wylie (formerly of Cambridge Analytica) stated in an interview with The Guardian: "The reason why he (Steve Bannon) was interested in this is because he believes in this idea of the ‘Breitbart Doctrine,’ which is that if you want to change politics you first have to change culture because politics flows from culture. If you want to change culture, you have to first understand what the units of culture are, and the people are the units of culture. So, if you want to change politics, you first have to change people to change culture." Breitbart considered this idea an important one and often spoke of it in interview or cited it in print.

Political views
Breitbart described himself as “eighty-five per cent conservative and fifteen per cent libertarian”. Breitbart had previously described himself as a Democrat but shifted towards being conservative after witnessing the Democrats' treatment of Clarence Thomas during his senate confirmation hearing.

He supported legalization of prostitution, gay rights, and drug liberalization. He was an opponent of multiculturalism and political correctness. Breitbart argued for US military intervention in Syria, North Korea, Iran, and China for humanitarian reasons. He was also a supporter of Israel.

Breitbart was a proponent of the Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory, claiming there are academics attempting to undermine western culture.

Personal life and death
Breitbart was married to Susannah Bean, the daughter of actor Orson Bean and fashion designer Carolyn Maxwell, and had four children.

At around 11:30 p.m. PST on February 29, 2012, Breitbart collapsed on a street near his home in Brentwood. He was rushed to Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, where he was pronounced dead 12:19 a.m. on March 1, 2012. He was 43 years old. An autopsy by the Los Angeles County Coroner's Office showed that he had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with focal coronary atherosclerosis and died from heart failure, which had been diagnosed the year before.

Tributes
Rick Santorum, Reince Priebus, Mitt Romney, Jonah Goldberg, Joel Pollak, Sarah Palin, Matt Drudge, Sean Hannity, Michael Steele, Tucker Carlson, Glenn Beck, Rush Limbaugh, and Newt Gingrich paid tribute to Breitbart. Santorum called Breitbart's death "a huge loss" that strongly affected him. Romney praised Breitbart as a "fearless conservative," while Gingrich remembered him as "the most innovative pioneer in conservative activist social media in America". A special episode of Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld aired the day after his death as the host and panelists paid their tributes and showed clips from his appearances on the show.

title: Andrew Breitbart


text:
Vasilikos, Zakynthos

Vasilikos (Βασιλικός) is a village and a community in the southeastern part of the municipality and the island of Zakynthos. The community consists of the villages Vasilikos, Agios Ioannis, Ano Vasilikos and Xirokastello  and the uninhabited island Kalonisi. The village Vasilikos is situated at the easternmost point of Zakynthos, 11 km southeast of Zakynthos (city). The village Xirokastello is situated halfway between Argasi and Vasilikos, at the eastern foot of the hill Skopos.

The Vasilikos peninsula in the south-east of the island comprises folded land with low, pine-forested mountains and quiet coves. Most of it has been protected from large-scale development because of the loggerhead turtles that breed on Gerakas beach. Vasilikos is the main community on the peninsula. It has a rugged coastline with numerous beaches, known for their good swimming conditions. Vasilikos is also famous for its hotels, villas and restaurants. The beach resort Porto Roma lies east of the village.

title: Vasilikos, Zakynthos


text:
Thanasis Veggos

Thanasis Veggos (alternatively spelt Thanassis and/or Vengos; Greek: Θανάσης Βέγγος, Thanássis Véngos; 29 May 1927 – 3 May 2011) was a Greek actor and director born in Neo Faliro, Piraeus. He performed in around 130 films, predominantly comedies in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, starring in more than 50 among them. He is considered one of the best Greek comedy actors of all time. His famous comedic catchphrase was Καλέ μου άνθρωπε ("My good man").

Background
Veggos was the only son of a power station employee, who had fought with the Greek Resistance in World War II. Vassilis Veggos played an important part in the defense of the Piraeus power station when the Germans attempted to destroy it before departing in 1944, but precisely because of this was dismissed from his job in the post-war purge of leftists. His real surname was "Βέγκος" and, as he had said, he wrote it with γγ because it looked better in the eyes. Veggos himself was a member of EPON, the youth branch of the left-wing resistance movement EAM, and so served his compulsory military service as an inmate on the notorious prison island Makronisos from 1948 to 1950. On Makronisos he met film director Nikos Koundouros who was also exiled there.

Career
Veggos' first appearance in a film was in Windfall in Athens, produced by Michael Cacoyannis, which premiered in Athens as Kiriakatiko Xsipnima on 11 January 1954. Nikos Koundouros gave him a role in Magiki polis in 1954. His first major role was in Psila ta heria Hitler ("Hands Up, Hitler"), 1962. and continued many more films. For his acting in What did you do in the war, Thanasi? (1971), the public of Thessaloniki apotheosized him and the movie won three awards at the Thessaloniki International Film Festival. He often played everyman characters struggling to get by, but he has also played anti-heroes, he has acted in pure dramas, and on stage in the comedies of Aristophanes. His characters were often self-named "Thanasis". He often worked with directors Panos Glykofridis and Giorgos Lazaridis. In 1995, Theo Angelopoulos cast Veggos and American actor Harvey Keitel in "Ulysses' Gaze". In 1997, in the role of Dikaiopoli he appeared in a live performance at the ancient Epidaurus theatre. In 2000, he survived a car accident involving a collision with a train. He later participated in advertisements promoting road safety.

A documentary of his life, whose title translates as A Man for All Seasons, was made in 2004. He always did his own stunts including the most dangerous ones, like hanging from a rope tied to a balcony fifty feet above a pavement without anything to break his fall, walking through a glass door, or falling down a stone staircase head first. During the "Golden Sixties" of the Greek film industry he made his most popular comedy films such as the sequel of Secret Agent 000, Papatrehas, Enas trellos Vengos and many others, also with surrealist humor, most of them by his own company Θ-Β Comedies (Θ-Β Tainies Geliou)   which he founded in 1964.

In 2008, Veggos was appointed Commander of the Order of the Phoenix by the President of Greece, Karolos Papoulias.

On 3 May 2011, he died at 7:10 a.m. He had been hospitalized at the Red Cross hospital, in Athens, since 18 December 2010.

Personal life
Thanasis Veggos was married to Asimina and they had two sons. He will always be remembered in more than 120 films and documentaries that he has starred in. The phrase "τρέχει σαν το Βέγγο" (English translation: "runs like Veggos") has been adopted into common usage in the Greek language since nobody has run more or faster than Veggos in his many slapstick comedies.

Honors and awards

 * 1962, Hellenic Association of Film Critics Award, from Hellenic Critics Association
 * 1971, Best Actor Award, from 12th Thessaloniki Festival of Greek Cinema for the film What Did You Do in the War, Thanasis?
 * 1971, Hellenic Association of Film Critics Award, from Hellenic Critics Association for the film What Did You Do in the War, Thanasis?
 * 1972, Best Actor Award, from 13th Thessaloniki Festival of Greek Cinema for the film Thanasis Take Your Gun
 * 1973, Best Actor Award, from 14th Thessaloniki Festival of Greek Cinema for the film The Charlatan
 * 1991, Audience Award, from the Thessaloniki Festival of Greek Cinema for the film The Calm Days of August
 * 1993, Lifetime Achievement Award, from the Thessaloniki Festival of Greek Cinema
 * 2002, Honoree, Municipality of Korydallos Theatre was named Thanasis Veggos Theatre from the Municipality of Korydallos, Attica
 * 2008, Honoree, Evangelismou Square was named Thanasis Veggos Square from the Municipality of Piraeus, Attica
 * 2008, Commander of the Order of the Phoenix, from the President of Greece Karolos Papoulias
 * 2008, Faces Award, from the TV Magazine of Ethnos
 * 2010, Lifetime Achievement Award, from the Status Magazine
 * 2010, Lifetime Achievement Award, from the Hellenic Film Academy

Early movies

 * Kiriakatiko Xsipnima (premiered 1954), Windfall in Athens (1956)
 * Magiki Polis (1955), Magic City
 * Katadikasmeni ki apo to paidi tis (1955), Condemned even by her child
 * O Drakos (1956), The dragon
 * Oi assoi ton gipedon (1956), The aces of the playground
 * To koritsi me ta mavra (1956), A Girl in Black
 * Echei theio to koritsi (1956), The girl has an uncle
 * To koritsi me ta paramythia (1957), Fairytale girl
 * Tsarouhi, pistoli, papillon (1957), Tsarouhi, pistol, bow tie
 * Maria i Pentagiotissa (1957), Maria the Pentagiotissa
 * Tis tyhis ta grammena (1957 Greek film) (1957)
 * I ftocheia thelei kaloperasi (1958), Having a good time in poverty
 * To eispraktoraki (1958),  The little money collector
 * Diakopes stin Aigina (1958), Holidays in Aegina
 * Oi kavgatzides (1958), The brawlers
 * Mono gia mia nychta (1958), Only for one night
 * Haroumenoi alites (1958), Happy streetboys
 * Kathe empodio se kalo (1958), Each obstacle is for good
 * O Mimikos kai Mairi (1958),  Mimikos and Mairy
 * To koritsi tis amartias (1958), The girl of sin
 * O Karagiozis (1959),  Mr. Punch
 * Gamilies Peripeteies (1959), Nuptial Adventures
 * I mousitsa (1959), The cunning jade
 * Anthismeni amigdalia (1959), Blooming almond tree
 * Ena nero Kyra Vaggelio (1959), Gimme some water Kyra Vaggelio
 * O Ilias tou 16ou (1959), Ilias of 16th precinct
 * Gia to psomi kai ton erota (1959), For the bread and love
 * Oi dosatzides (1959), The tallymen
 * Enas Ellinas sto Parisi (1959), A Greek in Paris
 * To agorokoritso (1959 ), The tomboy
 * O theios apo ton Kanada (1959), The uncle from Canada
 * Periplanomenoi Ioudaioi (1959), Wandering Jewes
 * To rantevou tis Kyriakis (1960), The Sunday appointment
 * Ta dervisopaida (1960), The dervish boys
 * To klotsoskoufi (1960), The plaything
 * Madalena (1960), Madalena
 * Pothoi sta stachya (1960), Desires in the hay
 * Erotika paichnidia (1960), Erotic games
 * Pote tin Kyriaki (1960), Never on a Sunday
 * Treis koukles ki ego (1960), Three dolls and me
 * Oikogeneia Papadopoulou (1960), The Papadopoulos family
 * O Mitros ki o Mitrousis stin Athina (1960), Mitros and Mitrousis in Athens
 * Tyflos Aggelos (1960), Blind Angel
 * I avgi tou thriamvou (1961), The dawn of triumph
 * Oi enniakosioi tis Marinas (1961), The nine hundred of Marina
 * Gia sena tin agapi mou (1961), For you my love
 * Mia tou klefti (1961), Once a thief
 * Horis mitera (1961), Without a mother
 * Poios tha krinei tin koinonia ; (1961), Who will judge society ?
 * Diavolou kaltsa (1961), Cunning woman
 * I katara tis manas (1961), The mothers curse
 * Hamena oneira (1961), Lost dreams
 * Ziteitai pseftis (1961), Lier wanted
 * Lathos ston erota (1961), Fault in love
 * I myrtia (1961), The myrtle
 * Diamado (1961), Diamado
 * Eftychos trelathika (1961), Fortunately I went nuts
 * Poia einai i Margarita; (1961), Who is Margarita?
 * Liza ki i alli (1961), Liza and the other girl
 * Doulepste gia na fate (1961),  Work to eat
 * O atsidas (1962), The smart one
 * Douleies tou podariou (1962), Odd jobs
 * To pithari (1962), The earthenware jar
 * Yperochi optasia (1962), Beautiful illusion
 * I nyfi to 'skase (1962)
 * Oi yperifanoi (1962), The proud ones

Leading roles

 * Psila ta heria, Hitler (1962), Stick them up, Hitler
 * Zito i trela (1962 ), Hurrah for madness
 * Vasilias tis gafas (1962), King of gaff
 * Astronaftes gia desimo (1962), Silly astronauts
 * Min ton eidate ton Panai; (1962), Anyone saw Panais?
 * Gabros gia klamata (1962), Pathetic son-in-law
 * Anisycha niata (1963), Anxious youth
 * O Ippolytos kai to violi tou (1963),  Ippolytos and his violin
 * Tyfla na'chei o Marlon Brando (1963), Marlon Brando doesn't compare
 * Polytehnitis kai erimospitis (1963), Jack of all trades and master of none
 * O trelaras (1963), The nutcase
 * To tixero panteloni (1963), Lucky pants
 * Scholi gia soferines (1964), School for women drivers
 * Oi ftochodiavoloi (1964), The poor demons
 * O polyteknos (1964), Father of many children
 * Exo i ftocheia kai i kali kardia (1964), Poverty and gentle heart
 * Tha se kano vasilissa (1964), I will make you a queen
 * Ta Didyma (1964), The Twins
 * O Katafertzis (1964), The hustler
 * Einai enas trelos ... trelos Veggos (1965), He is one crazy ... crazy Veggos
 * O Papatrehas (1966), The babbler
 * Voitheia! O Vengos faneros praktor 000 (1967), Out-in-the-open Agent 000
 * Pare kosme (1967), For all to take
 * Trelos, palavos kai Vengos (1967), Crazy, daft and Veggos
 * Doktor Zi - Veggos (1968), Doctor Zi - Veggos
 * Poios Thanasis ; (1969), Thanasis who?
 * Ena asyllipto koroido (1969), An amazing dupe
 * Thou-Vou falakros praktor, epiheirisis "Yis Mathiam" (1969), Thou-Vou bald agent, operation havoc
 * Enas Veggos gia oles tis douleies (1970), One Veggos for all the trades
 * O Thanasis, i Ioulieta kai ta loukanika (1970), Thanasis, Juliette and the sausages
 * Diakopes sto Vietnam (1971), Holidays in Vietnam
 * Ti ekanes sto polemo Thanasi; (1971), What did you do during the war Thanasis?
 * Enas xegnoiastos palaviaris (1971), One carefree wacko
 * Thanasi pare to oplo sou (1972), Thanassis, take your gun
 * O anthropos pou etreche poly (1973), The man who ran too much
 * Diktator kalei Thanasi (1973), Dictator calls Thanasis
 * O tsarlatanos (1973), The charlatan
 * O grylos (1975), The jack
 * O Thanasis sti hora tis sfaliaras (1976), Thanasis in the land of slap
 * Apo pou pane gia tin havouza ; (1978), What's the way to the refuse dump ?
 * O palavos kosmos tou Thanasi (1979), The batty world of Thanasis
 * O falakros mathitis (1979), The bald - headed student
 * Thanasi sfixe ki allo to zonari (1980), Thanasis tighten up your belt
 * O trelos kamikazi (1980), The mad kamikaze
 * To megalo kanoni (1981), The big cannon
 * O Thanasis kai to katarameno fidi (1982), Thanasis and the accursed serpent
 * Trelos kai pasis Ellados (1983), Daffy of all Greece
 * Made In Greece (1987) ft. Harry Klynn
 * O Thanasis sti hora tou "tha" (1988), ''Thanasis in the country of "shall"'
 * Trelokomeion i Ellas (1988), Mad house Greece
 * To didymo tis symforas (1989), The duo of misfortune
 * Ypastynomos Thanasis (1989), Police lieutenant Thanassis
 * O protathlitis (1989), The champion
 * Prosohi ... mas valane boba (1990), Attention ... they set us a bomb
 * Isyhes meres tou Avgustou (1991), The calm days of August
 * Zoi harisameni (1993), Pleasant life
 * Vimata (1996), Steps
 * To vlemma tou Odyssea (1997), Ulysses' Gaze
 * Ola einai dromos (1998), Everything is a journey
 * To ainigma (1998), The riddle
 * The Lilly's Story (2002)
 * Psychi vathia (2009), A Soul So Deep
 * The Flight of the Swan (2010)

Television series
Veggos also played roles in televisual series in the 1990s and 2000s; these were mainly roles of an elder wise person, who gives his advice to the younger ones.

 * Ta veggalika (1985) ERT
 * Astynomos Thanasis Papathanasis ( 1990 ) ANT1 channel, Police commissioner Thanasis Papathanasis
 * Peri anemon kai ydaton ( 2002 ) Mega channel, About everything
 * Erotas, opos i erimos ( 2003 ) NET channel, Love, like the desert
 * Kathrefti, kathreftaki mou ( 2006 ) ANT1 channel, Mirror Mirror
 * Exo ena mystiko (2008) Alpha TV, I Have a Secret

Performances

 * O trelos tou louna park kai i atsida ( 1959–70 ),  The madman of the entertainment park and the wizard
 * Okto andres katigoroundai ( 1963 ), Eight men accused
 * Kokkina triandafylla ( 1963 ), Red roses
 * Oi ftohodiavoloi ( 1963 ), The poor demons
 * Arhodorebetissa ( 1963–64 ), Lady rebetis
 * Kypros yiok ( 1963–64 ), Cyprus gone
 * Ti ekanes ston Troiko polemo Thanasi ; ( 1971 ), What did you do during the Trojan War Thanasis ?
 * To vlima ( 1972 ), The missile
 * Mam, kaka, koko kai nani ( 1975 ), Eat, poop, shag and sleep
 * Peace of Aristophanes ( 1995 )
 * Ellin exastheneis ( 1997 ), Greece you are losing your senses
 * Acharnians of Aristophanes ( 1998 )
 * Ellines eiste kai faineste ( 1998–99 ), Greek is a Greek does

Troupes

 * Mandoubala
 * Kainourgia Athina, New Athens
 * Anthropoi tou ' 60, People of ' 60

title: Thanasis Veggos