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Gopalganj district, India

Gopalganj is one of the administrative districts in the Indian state of Bihar. The district headquarters is the town of Gopalganj, and the district is part of Saran Division. Major languages spoken are Hindi and Bhojpuri.

Geography
Gopalganj district, India occupies an area of 2033 km2, comparatively equivalent to Spain's Tenerife Island.

Demographics
According to the 2011 census Gopalganj district, India had a population of 2,562,012, roughly equal to the nation of Kuwait or the US state of Nevada. of which 1,267,666 are males while 1,294,346 are females. This gives it a ranking of 163rd in India (out of a total of 640). Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 449,530 which is 17.54% of total population of Gopalganj district. The district had a population density of 1260 PD/sqkm. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.02%. Gopalganj had a literacy rate of 65.47% and sex ratio of 1021 females for every 1000 males, Gopalganj ranks first in terms of sex-ratio (1,021) against the state's 918. 6.35% of the population lives in urban areas. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 320,064 (12.49%) and 60,807 (2.37%) respectively. Gopalganj district had 411,930 households in 2011.

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 96.09% of the population in the district spoke Bhojpuri, 1.85% Hindi and 1.76% Urdu as their first language.

Based on the 2011 census:
 * Population: 2,562,012 (2.62% of the state)
 * Density of population: 1260
 * Men: 1,267,666 (49.48%)
 * Women: 1,294,346 (50.52%)
 * Urban population: 162,805 (6.35%)
 * Rural population: 2,399,207 (93.65%)
 * % of Scheduled castes: 12.49%
 * % of Scheduled tribes: 2.37%

Politics

 * }

Administrative Division
Gopalganj is divided into 2 sub-divisions, 14 Blocks, 4 municipalities and 234 Gram Panchayats (village councils).

Urban councils
There are 4 urban areas in Gopalganj district. 3 Nagar Panchayat and 1 Nagar Parishad. Although Hathua is also an urban area categorized as Census town but not counted as municipality.

Village councils
There are 234 Gram Panchayats in Gopalganj district grouped into 14 blocks. There are a total of 1566 villages in Gopalganj District. There are 169 uninhabited villages (out of 1,566 total villages) in the district of Gopalganj.

Vidhan Sabha Constituencies

 * 1) Baikunthpur
 * 2) Barauli
 * 3) Gopalganj
 * 4) Kuchaikote
 * 5) Bhore
 * 6) Hathua

Lok Sabha constituencies

 * 1) Gopalganj

Education
Initially, Gopalganj had little to offer in terms of good quality education to its residents. Presently Schools and colleges in the city are either run by the government or by private trusts and individuals. The schools are each affiliated with either the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE), or the Bihar School Examination Board. English is the medium of instruction in most private schools; though government run schools offer both English and Hindi. The Sainik School prepares boys for entry into the National Defence Academy. After completing their secondary education, which involves ten years of schooling, students typically enroll at Higher Secondary School in one of the three streams—Arts, Commerce or Science. One Government Engineering college And two Government polytechnic colleges started recently. Government teacher training college, para medical college and Govt ITI colleges setup recently. The Bihar Government announce that the new medical college and hospital will be located in Gopalganj.

Economy
Gopalganj district is famous for sugar industries. Now three Sugar factories are in running position situated in Sasamusa, Gopalganj City and Sidhwaliya. Two grain and sugar cane based ethanol plants recently started their production. Many rice mills, milk packaging plants, mustard oil plants, flour mills, cattle seeds plants, ply factory, egg layer firms, cement bricks plants and many more small scale industries are operational in district. Maximum people depends on agriculture mainly paddy, wheat, sugarcane and vegetables. Government has allotted industrial area in Gopalganj districts in which many factories are coming in next coming years. Gopalganj is at the top in Bihar and ranked among the ten highest districts in India among foreign exchanged currency because many people go to the Gulf countries through the district such as Saudi Arabia, Oman, UAE, Bahrain, Iraq, Qatar, Kuwait and Yemen. Gopalganj is among top ten in per capita income in 38 Districts of Bihar, ranked 7 last year ranked by Niti Ayog.

Transport
NH 28 passes through Gopalganj one can find the multiple buses for commuting in state and other state.

Siwan Junction railway station is the main railway station for Gopalganj. Thawe station also serves local passenger other small station: Hathua Road, Sasamusa, Sipaya-(Serves Kuchaikote, Khutwania, Dubey Khariya, Vinod Khariya and nearby Villages), and Tamkuhi Road. Now Thawe to Lucknow,thawe to taranagar and thawe to patna,thawe to gorakhapur train started. Sabeya Airport, Jay Prakash Narayan Airport Patna and Mahayogi Gorakhnath Airport, Gorakhpur are the nearest commercial airports. Sabeya Airport is now including in government UDAN scheme. Some preliminary paperwork and mapping of the airport area has started, and boundary identification will start.

Notable people
and renowned Politician.He was MLA from Barauni constituency in 1962 ]]
 * Kamla Rai was Freedom Fighter and two times MLA of Gopalganj in 1952 and 1957 .He was the first Chairman of Saran District Board in 1947 .He was the Founder of Kamla Rai College,Gopalganj )
 * [[Gorakh Rai was Freedom Fighter
 * Mukesh Kumar (cricketer)
 * Ram Dulari Sinha of Indian National Congress, freedom fighter, former Union-Minister and Former Governor of Kerala, and freedom fighter, first Women to attain master's degree from Bihar and the first woman from Bihar to become Governor
 * Abdul Ghafoor, former Chief Minister of Bihar, 1973 to 1975
 * Lalu Prasad Yadav, former Chief Minister of Bihar and former Rail Minister of India
 * U. K. Sinha, Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Board of India
 * Anurag Kumar, Director, IISc.
 * Pankaj Tripathi, actor
 * Alok Kumar Suman, MP
 * Subhash Singh (politician), Politician.
 * Janak Ram, Politician.
 * Amrendra Kumar Pandey, Politician.
 * Shambhu Sharan Shrivastava, Politician
 * Nagina Rai Member of parliament from Gopalganj Lok Sabha.
 * Avinash Tiwary Actor

title: Gopalganj district, India


text:
Category:Papyrologists

 * Papyrology

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Papyrologists


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Jamui

Jamui is a town and a municipality in Jamui district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the district headquarter of Jamui district. Jamui was formed as a district on 21 February 1991 as a result of its separation from Munger. It is part of Munger Division. The town is situated about 60km South-West of Munger.

Historical existence of Jamui has been observed from the period of Mahabharta war. Archaeological and historical evidence shows its close association with the Jain tradition for a long past to the present time. A large part of this area is covered by forest.

There are mainly two hypotheses which have been mentioned by historians regarding the origin of the name of the district Jamui. The first hypothesis said that the name of Jamui derived from "Jambhiya Gram" or "Jribhikgram" village, which has the place of attaining ‘Omniscience’ (Kevala Jnana) of Vardhaman Mahavira and according to another hypothesis the name Jamui is originated from Jambuwani.

Geography
Jamui is located at 24.92°N, 86.22°W. It has an average elevation of 78 metres (255 feet).

Jamui is located in a transitional zone between the vast, fertile Gangetic plain to the north and the hilly margins of the Chota Nagpur plateau to the south. The Kiul River, which flows by Jamui's east side, has its headwaters in this upland region. During the monsoon rains, the Kiul can become very powerful and turbulent, and in 1949 it flooded and destroyed the bridge northeast of Jamui.

Jamui is well connected to the rest of the country via road while the Delhi-Howrah rail line is 3 km away at Mallepur (Malaypur railway station is also known as Jamui railway station). Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport in Patna is about 161 km and Gaya Airport 136 km away.

Situated along the Bihar-Jharkhand border, Jamui is dotted with hills and the small retreat town of Simultala falls within the Jhajha block, on the main Delhi-Howrah rail line. The town of Gidhaur, situated 17 km away was the seat of kings during the British Raj and many buildings from the period still survive. Minto Tower in Gidhaur is a prime example of architecture from the period. Jamui district is also known for having many places related to the origin of Jainism.

The district has untapped reserves of resources including mica, coal, gold and iron ore.

History
An early historic site near Jamui is the old Indpegarh fort, located in the village of Indpe to the south.

At the turn of the 20th century, Jamui was described as being mostly "one long street, forming a continuation of the railway road". This main street was lined with shops and shopkeepers' houses. Secondary streets branched off at right angles and led to the residential parts of town. The Jamui Subdivision office was located at the northeast end of town, in a plain masonry building. About half a kilometre to the southwest was an open space, where the police station stood. A couple buildings away from the police station was the dispensary, which had been completed in 1874. At the west end of town was a distillery.

After a flood on the Kiul in 1949 destroyed the bridge northeast of town, a new one was built.

By 1960, there were a cooperative bank and boys' high school at the northeast of town, near the subdivisional office. To the east of the subdivisional office was a children's park, which had been built in 1950. East of the children's park was a dak bungalow maintained by the district board, and north of the park was a large tank, which had been de-silted in 1951 as a way to give employment to people who were struggling due to general economic shortages. The Nehru maidan, across from the dak bungalow, had been named after Jawaharlal Nehru, who had given an address here at one point. The Gilani Girls' M. E. School, established in 1939 and named after the presiding subdivisional officer at the time, had been built in front of the police thana. A public library, the Gandhi Adhyayan Mandal, had also been built. Other buildings included a first-grade college, a state-run hospital, and an "electric power house". A filling station had been set up along the main road, and motor vehicle traffic was becoming increasingly heavy. Various passenger buses, connecting Jamui with Munger and other places in the region.

Demographics
India census, Jamui had a population of 87,357. Males constitute 52.6% of the population and females 47.26%. Jamui has an average literacy rate of 64.33%, lower than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 57.39%, and female literacy is 42.6%. In Jamui, 16.22% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Economy
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Jamui one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

Grain and timber play important roles in Jamui's economy.

Divisions

 * 1) No. of Police District 1
 * 2) No. of Sub-Divisions 1
 * 3) No. of Blocks 10
 * 4) No. of Circles 10
 * 5) No. of Police Stations 28
 * 6) No. of Panchayats 153
 * 7) No. of Villages 1,506

Notable people

 * Onkarnath Baranwal: an Indian politician from the state of Bihar, Batiya.
 * Chirag Paswan, Member Of Indian Parliament, National President Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)
 * Chandrashekhar Singh: a member of Indian National Congress and served as the Chief Minister of Bihar from Aug 1983 to Mar 1985. He also held a number of Cabinet Ministers positions.
 * Digvijay Singh: an Indian politician from the state of Bihar and an independent Member of the Parliament of India representing Banka in the Lok Sabha.

title: Jamui


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Contour plowing

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. —Korath (Talk) 04:11, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)

Contour plowing
Possibly speediable as being very short with no context. If not, a dicdef. Delete --BM 00:07, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to plowing or whatever title it's at. Note this there. Farmers, correct me if there's somewhere else this should go. Meelar (talk) 00:25, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * I've checked Category:Agriculture but couldn't readily find a page it could be merged into. I suggest putting a an agro-stub template on it and see if it attracts improvement within the coming week, if not: Merge like Meelar said --Hooloovoo 00:29, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Expand or Merge to plowing. Gazpacho 01:03, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and Expand: Contour plowing (or more correctly Contour farming) is one of many soil conservation practices (windbreaks, terracing, cover crops, etc.) recommended by the Natural Resources Conservation Service for agriculture. I suppose they could all be combined into Soil conservation practices but it would be quite a long article. See for a list--although many are also water conservation practices. DialUp 03:16, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep and allow for organic expansion. Very important topic in its own right.--Gene_poole 04:19, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Important term in soil conservation.  RickK 04:41, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and allow for organic or conventional growth. Klonimus 08:23, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with agriculture, as it's most useful when in context. Radiant_* 08:52, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I've created a soil conservation stub as a definition + examples. Kappa 10:49, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Important land management concept. Capitalistroadster 11:42, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and allow for growth or M & R to either soil conservation or tillage. Shimmin 14:42, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Important topic that needs time to develop.Gorrister 18:18, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Greatly Expand, or merge into the abovementioned soil conservation page. It is an important agricultural concept. -- Kaszeta 19:50, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I have expanded this page significantly and other people have been working on it before me. Encyclopædia Britannica has an article on this concept albeit it is referred to as contour farming. Capitalistroadster 03:54, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Important concept. Do not merge. Dsmdgold 11:46, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Very important agricultural concept. Helps stop dust bowls. Icundell 00:19, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Excellent expansion. -- 8^D gab 03:24, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's been expanded and doesn't need to be merged. Loopy 04:27, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. A true example of "organic growth."  The original (and rather sparse) entry was:  Planting crops around the sides of hills.  That's all. - Lucky 6.9 18:23, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Khagaria

Khagaria is a town in Indian state of Bihar and the administrative headquarters of Khagaria district. Khagaria is a part of Munger division. It is located at 25.5°N, 86.48°W and has an average elevation of 36 metres (118 feet). The Khagaria Junction railway station serves the town. It is situated about 25 km north of Munger.

Demographics
According to the 2011 India census, Khagaria nagar parishad had a population of 49,406, of which 26,594 were males and 22,812 were females. Population of children in the age group of 0 to 6 years was 7,273. The literacy rate was 71.1%, of which male literacy was 74.7% and female literacy was 70%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 3,782 and 89 respectively. There were 9123 household in Khagaria in 2011.

India census, Khagaria had a population of 45,126. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Khagaria has an average literacy rate of 64.2%, of which male literacy was 69.8% and female literacy is 57.5%. In Khagaria, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.

title: Khagaria


text: User talk:69.79.232.113

title: User talk:69.79.232.113


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Kishanganj

Kishanganj is a city and district headquarters of Kishanganj district in Purnia division of Bihar state in India.

History
Kishanganj, which was previously part of Purnia district, is part of the Mithila region.

Mithila first gained prominence after being settled by Indo-Aryan peoples who established the Mithila Kingdom (also called Kingdom of the Videha). During the late Vedic period (c. 1100–500 BCE), the kingdom of the Videha became one of the major political and cultural centres of South Asia, along with Kuru and Pañcāla. The rulers of Videha were called Janakas.

The Mithila Kingdom was later incorporated into the Vajjika League, which had its capital in the city of Vaishali, which is also in Mithila.

Demographics
As of the 2011 Census of India, Kishanganj has a population of 105,782 of which male and female are 55,143 and 50,639 respectively. Literacy rate of Kishanganj city is 73.46% higher than the state average of 61.80%. In Kishanganj, Male literacy is around 78.37% while the female literacy rate is 68.08%. In Kishanganj, Total children (0-6) in Kishanganj city are 16,884 as per figure from Census India report on 2011. There were 8,636 boys while 8,248 are girls. The children form 15.96% of the total population of Kishanganj City. It is one of the few districts where the population of Muslims are in majority.

Despite being a Muslim majority district Kishanganj town constitutes Hindus as 55.48% of the total population in the town, while there is also a significant Muslim population constituting 42.62% of the total population.

Agriculture
Agricultural produce from the district includes rice, wheat, arhar, masoor and jute. It is only one of the districts in Bihar to produce tea.

title: Kishanganj


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Sapfo Notara

Sapfo Notara (Σαπφώ Νοταρά; c. 1907 – June 11, 1985), born Sapfo Chandanou (Σαπφώ Χανδάνου), was a Greek actress, known for supporting capabilities in acting. In Greek films, she acted in comedies as an aunt or a housewife. Notara had a radio programme called I Kiria Kiriaki. One of her last theatre appearances was in the play Pornography (1981).

Selected filmography

 * H Lykaina (The she-wolf, 1951)
 * Kyriakatiko Ksypnima (Sunday awakening, 1954)
 * H Kyra mas i mami (Our lady the midwife, 1958)
 * H Kyria Dimarchos (The lady mayor, 1960)
 * I Hartopaihtra (The gambing lady, 1964)
 * Dimitri mou, Dimitri mou (My Dimitri, My Dimitri, 1967)
 * Ah afti i gynaika mou (Oh, that wife of mine, 1967)
 * Na 'tane to 13 na pefte se mas (If only we won the lottery, 1970)
 * O Kyrios Pterarhos (Mr. Air Force General)
 * Pornography (1981, play)

title: Sapfo Notara


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Kaimur

Kaimur may refer to:
 * Kaimur Range, a hill range running across Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in India
 * Kaimur district, an administrative district in Bihar, India
 * Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary, a wildlife refuge in the Kaimur Range of Bihar
 * Kymore, a town and a nagar panchayat in Katni district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh

title: Kaimur


text: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Log/2005 April 7


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Katihar

Katihar is a city situated in the eastern part of the state of Bihar in India. It is the headquarters of Katihar district and Katihar railway division. It is one of the important cities of Bihar. It is also a main stop on the Barauni–Guwahati line.

History
Katihar is a part of the Mithila region. Mithila first gained prominence after being settled by Indo-Aryan peoples who established the Mithila Kingdom (also called Kingdom of the Videha's).

During the late Vedic period (c. 1100–500 BCE), Kingdom of the Videha's became one of the major political and cultural centers of South Asia, along with Kuru and Panchal. The kings of the Kingdom of the Videhans were called Janakas. The Mithila Kingdom was later incorporated into the Vajjika League, which had its capital in the city of Vaishali, which is also in Mithila. Later it was dominated by Chaudhary family who were the biggest landlord of Kosi commissioner and holds approximately 15,000 acres of land in Katihar district and 8,500 acres in Purnia district. The founder of Chaudhary family was Taj Ali Chaudhary and his four sons Chaudhary Khuda Baksh, Chaudhary Qadir Baksh, Khan Bahadur Chaudhary Mohammad Baksh and Elahi Baksh.

Road
Katihar is connected through road network to the neighboring cities of Bihar. Interstate bus services are not available. A highway, however, connects it to Purina, from where , and  passes through or starts through. Katihar is near to Bhagalpur

Air
The nearest airport is located at Purnia Airport near Purnia (30 km), but it is an Airforce station. The nearest commercial airport is located at Bagdogra Airport (160 km) near Siliguri (West Bengal). However, recently the government has announced to open an air force base airport in Chunapur, Purnia to be allowed to use for commercial use. However, it is not operational yet.

Rail
Katihar Junction is a major strategic Railway Junction under Northeast Frontier Railway which connects North East India with the rest of India.

Education
Katihar has many education institutions, including:

 * Katihar Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandir (estd. in 1951; it used to be under WBBSE; now affiliated with CBSE)
 * Colonels Academy
 * International School of East India
 * Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Katihar
 * Kendriya Vidyalaya, Katihar
 * Manipal public school
 * SBP Vidya Vihar
 * Scottish Public School, Katihar

 * Government colleges:

 * D.S. College, Katihar
 * Govt. Polytechnic, Katihar
 * K.B Jha College, Katihar
 * M J M Mahila College
 * Sita Ram Chamaria College

 * Other important institutes:
 * Katihar Medical College and Hospital (KMCH), a private medical college in Katihar City suburbs, recognized by the Medical Council of India (MCI),
 * Purnea University
 * Suryadeo Law College, Katihar

 * Maharshi Menhi Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Katihar

Demographics
As per the 2011 census, Katihar Urban Agglomeration had a population of 240,565. Katihar Urban Agglomeration includes Katihar (municipal corporation plus outgrowth) and Katihar Railway Colony (outgrowth). Katihar Municipal Corporation had a total population of 225,982, out of which 119,142 were males and 106,840 were females. It had a sex ratio of 897. The population below 5 years was 31,036. The literacy rate of the 7+ population was 79.87 per cent. Katihar is at 193rd rank in terms of its population among the top 200 cities of India as per the 2011 census.

Religion
Hinduism is major religion in Katihar city with 185,196 Hindus (76.9%) and 53,213 Muslims (22.1%). Other religions include 794 Christians (0.33%), 373 Sikhs (0.15%), 221 Jains (0.09%), 70 Buddhists (0.03%) and 960 (0.4%) not stated.

Climate
The climate of Katihar is nearly moderate with widespread rainfall during the monsoons sometimes bringing flood to the adjoining rural areas of the Katihar District.

River

 * 1) Koshi River - the lifeline of Katihar.
 * 2) Ganga River - The Holy river.
 * 3) Mahananda River- The Pristine River.
 * 4) Righa River - The quiet Companion.
 * 5) Buri Gantok River- The Water Ways Connection.

title: Katihar


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Lakhisarai

Lakhisarai (archaic spelling: Luckeesarai) town is the administrative headquarters of Lakhisarai district in the Indian state of Bihar. The town has a population of 99,979 (2011 census). it is situated about 45 km west of Munger.

Demographics
As of 2011 Indian Census, Lakhisarai had a total population of 99,979, of which 52,665 were males and 47,314 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 17,641. The total number of literates in Lakhisarai was 57,902, which constituted 57.9% of the population with male literacy of 63.9% and female literacy of 51.2%. The effective literacy rate of the population above 7 years of age in Lakhisarai was 70.3%, of which male literacy rate was 77.6% and female literacy rate was 62,2%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 10,730 and 180 respectively. Lakhisaraihad 17214 households in 2011.

Educational institutions

 * Darbhanga Medical College
 * Jesus & Mary Academy Darbhanga
 * Manas International School
 * New Era Public School, Darbhanga
 * Rose Public School

title: Lakhisarai


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Madhubani, India

Madhubani is a City Municipal Corporation and headquarter of Madhubani district. Madhubani is situated in the Indian state of Bihar. It comes under Darbhanga Division. It is situated at 26 km northeast of Darbhanga City. The Madhuban Raj in Madhubani was created as a consequence. The word "Madhuban" means "forest of honey", from which Madhubani is derived, but sometimes it is also known as "madhu"+"vaani" meaning "sweet" "voice/language".

Area

 * Madhubani occupies a total of 3501 km2.
 * Main Rivers are Kamla, Kareh, Balan, Bhutahi Balan, Gehuan, Supen, Trishula, Jeevachh, Koshi and Adhwara Group.
 * High Flood Level is 54.017 m.
 * Whole District is under Earthquake Zone 5.
 * Total Cropped Area – 218381 Hect.
 * Barren /Uncultivable Land – 1456.5 Hect
 * Land under Non-agricultural use – 51273.24 Hect
 * Cultivable Barren Land – 333.32 Hect
 * Permanent Pasture – 1372.71 Hect
 * Miscellaneous Trees – 8835.90 Hect
 * Cultivable Land – 232724 Hect
 * Cropping Intensity – 134.23%

Geography
Madhubani is situated about 35 km from the Nepal Border, 26 km from Darbhanga, 180 km from Patna and 100 km from Saharsa.

Madhubani Town is located at 26.37°N, 86.08°W. It has an average elevation of 56 metres.

Madhubani painting
Madhubani is also famous for its Mithila paintings. These paintings are created mostly by women. Natural colours are used and paintings are done on canvases, walls, floors of sacred places, etc. The painting is brightly coloured with a mix of several hues, along with a white border to all lines which is a major technique used. This art form is believed to have originated when Lord Janak asked the villagers to decorate the village to celebrate the wedding of Rama Ji and Sita Ji.The art usually consists of scenes from the Ramayana or depicts Lord Krishan with Gopis.

Jitwarpur is the Craft village of India for the sake of Mithila Painting.

Demographics
India census, Madhubani Town had a population of 166,285. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Madhubani Town has an average literacy rate of 71.06%, just above the national average of 62.39%: male literacy is 78.81%, and female literacy is 53%. In Madhubani Town, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Urban Haat
The first urban haat of Bihar have built in Araria Sangram of Madhubani district, which is known as Mithilahaat.

Discover the essence of Mithilanchal's rich heritage and culinary marvels at Mithilahaat, an enchanting theme-based park brought to life by the Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation (BSTDC). Inaugurated by Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar on January 11, 2023, Mithilahaat stands as a testament to Bihar's commitment to preserving its cultural legacy.

Trade
Laukaha is a nearby town close to the border of Nepalese town of Thadi. Laukaha in India and Thadi in Nepal are a part of one of the agreed route for Mutual Trade between India and Nepal and import and export to Nepal happen via Laukaha. Government of Nepal has set up a dedicated customs office in the town. and Government of India has set up a Land Customs Station with a Superintendent level officer.

Kalagram Jitwarpur is an art hub of Madhubani. Many scholars come and research about Mithila Lokchitra.

Education

 * Ram Krishna College
 * Madhubani Medical College and Hospital
 * Watson High School, Madhubani
 * Jagdish Nandan Singh College
 * JMDPL Mahila College
 * DNY College
 * BM College
 * Rama Prasad Dutta Janta High School
 * Indian Public School

Notable people

 * Bhogendra Jha
 * Arknath Chaudhary
 * Chandramani Datta
 * Mahasundari Devi
 * Sita Devi
 * Ashish Jha
 * Ganganath Jha
 * Narendra Jha
 * Sanjay Kumar Jha
 * Sriram Jha
 * Mangani Lal Mandal
 * Ramprit Mandal
 * Ram Prit Paswan
 * Chaturanan Mishra
 * Lalit Narayan Mishra
 * Mohan Mishra
 * Prem Chandra Mishra
 * Maṇḍana Miśra
 * Amrish Ranjan Pandey
 * Mohammad Shams Aalam Shaikh
 * Gajendra Thakur
 * Maithili Thakur
 * Vidyapati, Maithili poet
 * Devendra Prasad Yadav
 * Hukmdev Narayan Yadav
 * Baua Devi
 * Ashok Kumar Yadav
 * Haribhushan Thakur

title: Madhubani, India


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tom Delay arrested Helen Giddings

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was MERGE and DELETE. Moved some NPOV info to Tom Delay and Helen Giddings articles and deleted. Jinian 13:50, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Tom Delay arrested Helen Giddings
Delete. A POV article that does not follow naming conventions. If anything, information should be put into article on Tom Delay.--BaronLarf 00:10, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge between Tom Delay and Helen Giddings after suitable NPOVing. Is there a reason why Helen Giddings currently redirects here? -- Brhaspati (talkcontribs) 01:46, 2005 Apr 7 (UTC)
 * Because User:Political hack moved it from there. It needs to be moved back. Gazpacho 19:02, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - What is the point of having a seperate article of this incident when we can just need to put this on his bio page? Helen Giddings should not redirect to that article either. Anonymous Cow 02:28, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Doesn't show the need for a separate article.  RickK 04:42, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, POV fork. Megan1967 06:54, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge any verifiable and NPOV content to Tom DeLay and Helen Giddings, undo the redirect of Helen Giddings, then delete this mistitled page. Note that, although the Congressman from Texas specializes in delay, there is an uppercase "L" in his surname.  Barno 14:55, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: someone please check the last two entries in the Tom DeLay article. Dates are given as "April 6, 2004" but "2005" may be correct for these.  Barno 14:58, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to either Tom Delay or Helen Giddings. Should not be it's own article.Gorrister 18:20, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Helen Giddings. P Ingerson 19:25, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * If any of this article's text is to be kept, then by my understanding of the license it can't be deleted. Moving the article and its history back to Helen Giddings (where it originated) would be allowable. Gazpacho 04:32, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Moving the article back to Helen Giddings would make sense.... if it really talked about her. There's only one offhand reference to Helen Giddings.  --BaronLarf 01:14, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: It's been eight days since the last vote on this article, and it is getting worse, not better. Ahoerstemeier and TheGrza both tried to fix it and could not.  The title makes no sense and the article is horribly POV.  Political hack has now apparently set upon making a wikilink for every single word.  I will try to clean it up, but have no doubt that it will be put back to its previous state by Political hack.  Could a moderator figure out the rough consensus here so we can make this encyclopedic?  Cheers. --BaronLarf 02:07, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Munger

Munger, formerly spelt as Monghyr, is a twin city and a Municipal Corporation situated in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the administrative headquarters of Munger district and Munger Division. Munger was one of the major cities in Eastern India and undivided Bengal during Mughal period and British Raj. It is one of the major political, cultural, educational and commercial center of Bihar and Eastern India. Munger is situated about 180km from east of capital city Patna, about 480km west of Eastern India's largest city Kolkata and 1200km from country's capital New Delhi.

Historically, Munger is known for being an ancient seat of rule. The twin city comprises Munger and Jamalpur situated on the southern bank of the river Ganges. It is situated 08 km from Jamalpur Junction, 180 km east of capital city Patna and 430 Km from Kolkata the capital of West Bengal. Munger is said to have been founded by the Guptas (4th century CE) and contains a fort that houses the tomb of the Muslim saint Shah Mushk Nafā (died 1497). In 1763, the Nawab of Bengal Mir Qasim made Munger his capital and built an arsenal and several palaces. It was constituted a municipality in 1864.

Climate
The climate of Munger is subtropical (warm in summer and cold during winter). The Köppen climate classification sub-type for this climate is humid subtropical.

Demographics
As per 2011 census, Munger Municipal Corporation has a total population of 213,101 out of which 113,173 were males and 99,928 were females. It had a sex ratio of 883. The population between 0 and 6 years was 29,260. The literacy rate of the 7+ population was 81.83 per cent.

Economy
Munger, along with Jamalpur are the major industrial cities in Bihar. Munger is also one of the most prosperous cities in Bihar with a per capita income of INR 42,793 in FY 2020-21.

Indian Railways operates of Asia's largest and oldest railway workshops at Jamalpur. This was set up by the British Raj in 1862.

Munger has also ITC Factory established by the British. Ordinance Gun Factory Munger, ITC Milk Dairy and many others.

Culture
Munger is known for Sita Manpatthar (Sita charan) Sitacharan temple situated on a boulder in the middle of the Ganges in Munger (Anga Region) is the main center of public faith regarding Chhath festival. It is believed that Mata Sita performed the Chhaith festival in Munger. It was only after this that Chhath Mohaparv started. That is why Chhath Mohaparva is celebrated with great pomp in Munger. Munger is also famous for Durga Puja Mahotsav which is celebrated for 10 days. The first nine days are celebrated with great fervor across the city. On the 10th day evening, one side rushes to the Polo Grounds for Ravan Badh, while the other side prepares for a unique ritual known as "Shobha Yatra." The “Shobha Yatra of Badi Durga of Sadipur” marks the importance of Badi Durga of Munger all over the country. People from all over the city join this yatra, and the deity is immersed early in the morning in the holy river Ganges.

Places of interest

 * Munger Fort, covers an area of around 222 acres
 * Munger Museum
 * Chandika Asthan, a sacred Shakti-Peeth
 * Kastaharni Ghat on the Ganges
 * Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary
 * Bihar School of Yoga
 * Sita Kund hotspring
 * Rishi Kund hotspring
 * Pir Pahar
 * Jai Prakash Udyaan / Company Garden
 * Dolphin ECO Park for the conservation of Gangetic river dolphin.
 * Mir Qasim's Tunnel
 * Peer Shah Nafah Shrine
 * Haveli Kharagpur Jheel (Lake)
 * Goenka Shivalaya / Machli Talab

Rail
Munger has two railway stations known as: Jamalpur Junction and Munger Railway Station. The former is the main railhead for the city while the latter, which was earlier called Purabsarai Railway Station, acts as suburban facility. Stations are connected with Sahibganj Loop.

The rail system provides connection to cities such as New Delhi, Mumbai,Surat, Yesvantpur Junction, Jamshedpur, Jammu Tawi, Dibrugarh, Guwahati, Lucknow, Patna, Ranchi, Agartala, Hyderabad, Deoghar Junction, Muzaffarpur Junction and Dhanbad. The Munger Ganga Bridge, which takes both rail and road-traffic, connects Munger to the nearby cities of Begusarai, Saharsa Junction, Katihar and Khagaria Junction as well as various districts of North Bihar. The bridge is the third-largest rail-cum-road bridge in India.

Road
Munger is connected to major parts of India by various National and State Highways. The major cities of Bihar and Jharkhand - such as Patna, Ranchi, Bhagalpur, Purnia,katihar , Bihar sharif, Muzaffarpur, Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, Gaya, Bokaro and Darbhanga - can be reached by, , , and  and various state Highways. Regular bus service are provided by BSRTC for all the major cities and other destinations. Citybuses, Taxies, Autorikshaw, E-Rickshaw, etc. are available all the times in the entire city for transportation.

The Munger Ganga Bridge link Munger to various districts of North Bihar and north-eastern India by 2021.

Air
Munger Airport is located in Safyabad, which is 5 km from Munger. It was re-inaugurated by Chief Minister Nitish Kumar on 24 May 2016. Munger has no international airport with commercial service. Domestic airport with commercial service is Jay Prakash Narayan Airport in Patna around 180 km away, which is served by all major airlines.

Nearest international airport is Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport in Kolkata Which is around 480 km away from Munger.

Education

 * Bihar School of Yoga,established in 1964 by Satyananda Saraswati.
 * Biswanath Singh Institute of Legal Studies
 * Government Engineering College, Munger
 * Indian Railway Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
 * Jagjivan Ram Shramik Mahavidyalaya, general degree college
 * Munger Forestry College
 * Munger University

Notable people

 * Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay, Bengali writer, lawyer and script-writer in Hindi films.
 * Nandalal Bose, sculptor and painter
 * George Browne, 6th Marquess of Sligo (1856–1935), Anglo-Irish aristocrat, born in Munger
 * Mona Das - Washington State Senate
 * Brahmanand Mandal - Former MP from Munger Lok Sabha constituency
 * Muhammad Ali Mungeri, Indian Muslim scholar, founder Nadwatul Ulama
 * Minnatullah Rahmani First General Secretary of All India Muslim Personal Law Board
 * Wali Rahmani - General Secretary of All India Muslim Personal Law Board of India
 * Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, poet
 * Monazir Hassan -four-time MLA from Munger and one-time member of the Indian Parliament in 15th Lok Sabha (2009 to 2014) and represented Begusarai (Lok Sabha constituency).
 * Krishna Singh, first Chief Minister of Bihar and a freedom fighter
 * Kumar Suresh Singh, Director-General of Anthropological Survey of India
 * Udit Narayan Singh of Shakarpura Raj Zamindari- local benefactor
 * Niranjanananda Saraswati, yoga Guru
 * Satyananda Saraswati, founder of Bihar School of Yoga
 * Ramdeo Singh Yadav - three times MLA and Co-operative Minister, Government of Bihar.

title: Munger


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Ruriko Asaoka

Ruriko Asaoka (浅丘 ルリ子) is a Japanese actress. She won the Medal with Purple Ribbon (2002) and Order of the Rising Sun, 4th Class, Gold Rays with Rosette (2011). She married actor Koji Ishizaka in 1971 after appearing in the same TV drama. They separated in an amicable divorce in 2000 after a nearly 30-year marriage due to Ishizaka’s desire to care for his aging mother. Asaoka made her acting debut in 1955 and has appeared in many Films and TV shows including Goyokin, Machibuse and the television series Zatoichi with Shintaro Katsu. In recent years, she has mainly worked on stage in addition to the occasional television appearance.

Film

 * Midori haruka ni (1955)
 * Zesshō (1958)
 * The Wandering Guitarist (1959)
 * Kenju burai-chō Nukiuchino Ryu (1960)
 * Danger Pays (1962)
 * Alone Across the Pacific (1963)
 * Red Handkerchief (1964)
 * Thirst for Love (1967)
 * Yogiri yo Kon'yamo Arigatō (1967)
 * Goyokin (1969)
 * Machibuse (1970)
 * Men and War (1970–73)
 * To Love Again (1971)
 * Kage Gari (1972)
 * Otoko wa Tsurai yo series (1973–2019) – Lily
 * The Professor's Beloved Equation (2006)
 * La Campanella (TBA)

Television

 * Sexy Voice and Robo (2007) – Maki Makyouna
 * Yasuragi no Sato (2017) – Saeko
 * Naotora: The Lady Warlord (2017) – Jukeini

Honours

 * Kinuyo Tanaka Award (1995)
 * Medal with Purple Ribbon (2002)
 * Order of the Rising Sun, 4th Class, Gold Rays with Rosette (2011)

title: Ruriko Asaoka


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Madhepura

Madhepura is a municipality in Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar. It stands at the centre of Kosi ravine, It was called Madhyapura- a place centrally situated which was subsequently transformed as Madhipura into present Madhepura. It is surrounded by Araria and Supaul districts in the north, Khagaria and Bhagalpur districts in the south, Purnia district in the east and Saharsa district in the West.

History
Madhepura is part of the Mithila region and the people here speak the Maithili language. Mithila first gained prominence after being settled by Indo-Aryan peoples who established the Mithila Kingdom (also called Kingdom of the Videhas). During the late Vedic period (c. 1100–500 BCE), Videha became one of the major political and cultural centers of South Asia, along with Kuru and Pañcāla. The kings of the Videha Kingdom were called Janakas. The Videha Kingdom was later incorporated into the Vajjika League, which had its capital in the city of Vaishali, which is also in Mithila.

Demographics
India census, Madhepura had a population of 45,015. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Madhepura has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 51%. In Madhepura, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Transport
Public and private bus and taxi services are available.

Rail
Dauram Madhepura railway station is situated on Barauni-Katihar, Saharsa and Purnia sections and Barauni-Guwahati line. There are three pairs of passenger train to Purnia, Barhara Kothi & Saharsa Junction. There are direct trains to Patna Junction, Darbhanga, Jaynagar, Katihar, Ranchi, Delhi, Amritsar, Sealdah.

Road
and passes through Madhepura. NH-231 goes through Purnia, Saharsa & Maheskhunt, while NH-131 goes through Birpur and Bihpur. There is daily bus service to Purnia, Saharsa, Supaul, Darbhanga & Patna.

Air
Nearest airport is Darbhanga Airport, Darbhanga. (140 km)

Madhepura To Darbhanga

Educational institution
Medical College]]
 * Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University
 * [[Bhupendra Narayan Mandal

title: Madhepura


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Muzaffarpur

Muzaffarpur is a city located in Muzaffarpur district in the Tirhut region of the Indian state of Bihar. It serves as the headquarters of the Tirhut division, the Muzaffarpur district and the Muzaffarpur Railway District. It is the fourth most populous city in Bihar.

Muzaffarpur is famous for Shahi litchis and is known as the Lychee Kingdom. Shahi lychee is the fourth product from Bihar, after jardalu mango, katarni rice and Magahi paan (betel leaf) to get the Geographical Indication (GI) tag. The city is situated on the banks of the perennial Budhi Gandak River, which flows from the Someshwar Hills of the Himalayas.

Etymology
The current city was established in 1875 during the British Raj for administrative convenience, by dividing the Tirhut district and was named after an aumil, Muzaffar Khan; thus the city came to be known as Muzaffarpur.

History
The city was founded in 18th century during British Raj period and was constituted a municipality in 1864. A major road and rail hub, it is a trade centre on the route between Patna (south) and Nepal (north). Lychee, sweet corn, mango, vegetables, rice and sugar milling alongside cutlery manufacturing are the chief industries.

In 1972, the Sitamarhi and Vaishali districts were split off from Muzaffarpur.

Geography
Muzaffarpur is located at 26.12°N, 85.4°W. The city lies in a highly active seismic zone of India. In the disastrous earthquake on 15 January 1934, much of the town suffered severe damage and many people died. It has an average elevation of 47 meters (154 feet). This saucer shaped, low-centered town lies on the great Indo-Gangetic plains of Bihar, over Himalayan silt and sand brought by the glacier-fed and rain-fed meandering rivers of the Himalayas.

Climate
Muzaffarpur has a humid subtropical climate (Cwa) under the Köppen climate classification. The summer, between April and June, is extremely hot and humid (28–40 °C, 90% max). and winter is pleasantly cool, around 06-20 °C. Rainfall in Muzaffarpur City is comparatively less compared to other parts of Bihar.

Demographics
As of the 2011 India census, Muzaffarpur had a population of 393,724. Males constituted 52.96% (208,509) of the population and females 47.04% (185,215). Muzaffarpur had a literacy rate of 85.16%. Male literacy was 88.83%, and female literacy was 81.05%.

As per 2011 census data, there are total 275,233 Hindus whereas 74,680 Muslims and 1,352 Christians along with other small minorities.

Economy
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Muzaffarpur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

Lychee
The lychee crop, which is available from May to June, is mainly cultivated in the districts of Muzaffarpur and surrounding districts. Cultivation of litchi covers approximately an area of about 25,800 hectares producing about 300,000 tonnes every year. Litchi are exported to big cities of India like Mumbai, Kolkata, and even to other countries. India's share in the world litchi market amounts to less than 1%. The names of the litchi produced in Muzaffarpur are Shahi and China. The fruits are known for excellent aroma and quality.

Bihar's contribution in the production of lychee in about 40 percent of lychee produced in India.

Bihar has emerged as a brewery hub with major domestic and foreign firms setting up production units in the state. Vijay Mallya's group, United Breweries Group, is setting up a production unit to make litchi-flavoured wine, in Muzaffarpur in 2012. The company has leased litchi gardens.

Muzaffarpur based Prabhat Zarda Factory is one of the leading tobacco manufacturers of India.

Lahti Bangles
The production and sales of Lahti bangles is also very prominent in city. Bollywood actress Aishwarya Rai also wore the Lahti bangles of the city at her marriage.

Railways
Muzaffarpur Junction railway station (MFP) is a main A1 Category railway junction in Sonpur Division of East Central Railway, having total 8 platforms, with three suburban stations, Ram Dayalu Nagar, Narayanpur Anant (Sherpur), Kaparpura and Jubba Sahni. More than 200 trains regularly visits this 136+ year old railway junction.

Roads
National Highway 57 (India) comes via Gorakhpur, Motihari, Mehsi and crosses Muzaffarpur and National Highway 57 (India) goes to Darbhanga, Purnia. The East–West Corridor crosses Muzaffarpur thus connecting it to all the major towns and cities in India. National Highway 22 (India) starting from Hajipur passes through Muzaffarpur and connects Muzaffarpur to Sitamarhi. National Highway 28 (India) connects Mehsi and Muzaffarpur to Barauni, all 6 National Highways having junction there.

Airport
Muzaffarpur Airport (IATA: MZU, ICAO: VEMZ) is located in Patahi of Muzaffarpur city (besides NH 722 Muzaffarpur - Chhapra (Rewa Ghat)) in the state of Bihar, India. It was operable from 1967 to 1982, on a regular basis. Currently it is not in operations, commercially.

Darbhanga Airport is the nearest domestic airport roughly 64 km away by road. Patna Airport is the nearest customs airport roughly 70 km from the city.

University

 * Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University

Colleges

 * Lalit Narayan Mishra College of Business Management
 * Langat Singh College
 * R.D.S. College Muzaffarpur
 * Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology
 * Mahant Darshan Das Mahila College
 * S.K.J. Law College
 * Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital

Schools

 * Prabhat Tara School
 * Kendriya Vidyalaya Muzaffarpur
 * G.D Mother International School
 * DAV Public School, Malighat
 * DAV Public School, Bakhri
 * Holy Mission Senior Secondary School, Dighra
 * Oxford Senior Secondary School, Raghunathpur,

 * St. Joseph's Senior Secondary School
 * St. Xavier International School, Adarsh Gram
 * Shanti Niketan Awasiya Bal Vidyalaya, Shantinagar, Ahiyapur,

Notable people

 * Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi, political activist and freedom fighter
 * Rambriksh Benipuri Indian freedom movement activist, eminent writer of Hindi literature
 * Sudhir Kumar Chaudhary, sports spectator and fan of the Indian Cricket Team
 * Muhammad Shafi Daudi, he was a prominent freedom fighter and Scholar. Mahatma Gandhi stayed at his home when he visited Motihari and started Satyagraha
 * Veena Devi, Indian politician, Member of 17th Lok Sabha
 * Devaki Nandan Khatri, the author of Chandrakanta (in Hindi)
 * Arunabh Kumar, founder and ex-CEO of TVF
 * Shahbaz Nadeem, Indian cricketer
 * Shreya Narayan, Bollywood actress
 * Aishwarya Nigam, a Bollywood playback singer
 * Jai Narain Prasad Nishad, was an Indian politician and member of parliament from Muzaffarpur Lok Sabha Constituency in the Indian State of Bihar.
 * Ajay Nishad, Indian Politician, Member of 17th Lok Sabha
 * Raghunath Pandey, famous entrepreneur who founded Shri Krishna Medical College & Hospital ( SKMCH), Muzaffarpur.
 * Rajendra Prasad, India's first president, worked as a professor of English in Langat Singh College
 * Prabhat Ranjan, Social Entrepreneur, Educationist
 * Jubba Sahni, freedom fighter
 * Rajni Ranjan Sahu, Member Rajya Sabha, 1984–1996
 * Sunil Sahu, Educator in the US
 * Uday Shankar media executive and former journalist, president of FICCI, The Walt Disney Company Asia Pacific, and chairman of Star India and The Walt Disney Company India
 * Janki Ballabh Shastri, Hindi poet, writer and critic
 * Baikunth Shukla revolutionary hanged by the British in 1934
 * Yogendra Shukla revolutionary, Indian freedom movement activist, served time at Kalapani
 * Basawon Singh revolutionary, Indian freedom movement activist
 * Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh, diplomat and freedom fighter
 * Dinesh Prasad Singh, Indian politician
 * Kishori Sinha Indian politician and educationalist
 * Manish Singh, Indian Entrepreneur, Founder and CEO of ZZED Media
 * Mridula Sinha, former Governor of Goa (2014–2019)
 * Richa Soni, TV actress
 * Bapi Tutul, Music Composer

Popular Religious Site

 * Baba Garib Sthan Mandir
 * Data Kambal Shah
 * Ma Chhinnamastika Devi Mandir
 * Shri Raj Rajeshwari Devi Temple
 * St. Francis Assisi Cathedral
 * Gurudwara

title: Muzaffarpur


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Nawada

Nawada is a city and a municipality in Bihar, India. It is also the Headquarters of the Nawada district. It is situated on both sides of the Khuri River at 24º 53’ N and 85º 33’ E. The name evolved from Nau-abad, meaning the new town. In 1845, it was established as a Subdivision of Gaya district. On 26 January 1973, Nawada was formed as a separate district from Gaya district. It is a part of Magadh Division.

History
Nawada is a part of the ancient Magadh Empire located in south Bihar. The origin of the name Nawada is from Persian Nau-abad, which means "New Town" which was earlier known as ‘The Eliot Market (Bazaar)’. Before its acquisition by the East India Company, Nawada was ruled by the nearly independent Rajas of Hisua who ruled over the Muslim Mayi (clan). After its acquisition, Nawada was in great disorder until 1845, when it became the headquarters of the newly created subdivision. The elements of disorder resurfaced again during the Mutiny of 1857, when Nawada was over run by marauding parties. The local offices were destroyed, but government records were saved by the native officials who hid them in a cave on a neighboring hill. These are the only available public records dating back to an era before 1857 in the district. Two miles to the north, there is a Jain temple standing in the middle of a large water tank to the west of the public road, but the city itself contains no important building and has little historical interest. The city contains one of the two Satyagraha ashrams in the country established by Gandhi ji. It was also the birthplace and workplace of Indrabhuti Gautama, the chief disciple of Lord Mahavir in Jainism. The modern town is only 40 kilometers from Nalanda University, the oldest university in the world.

Nawada is southernmost district of Bihar and its neighbouring next state Jharkhand. Over the years when all other districts in Bihar has seen development, Nawada still struggling for basic needs. One of the major problem in district is corruption. Town has enormous encroachment and government authorities are not doing much to keep this city clean and encroachment free.

Geography
Nawada is located at 24.88°N, 85.53°W. It has an average elevation of 80 m. The city is divided into two blocks by the Khuri River, the left bank being the older section, while the right bank is the modern section with public offices, a sub-jail, dispensary and schools.

Demographics
According to the 2011 census, Nawada City has a population of 180,740. Nawada has a ratio of 957 females for every 1,000 males. The average literacy rate is 74%, higher than the national average of 63.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 67%. In Nawada, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Hindi, Magahi and Urdu are the main languages spoken in the area.

 Railway Stations -

Rail network
The main line of Gaya-Kiul railway section passes through Nawada. Nawadah (Nawada Railway Station), important railway station of the city.

Currently you can reach nawada by following route
 * 1) Patna Railway Station → Gaya Railway Station →  Nawadah
 * 2) New Delhi → Kanpur Central → Prayagraj Jn. → Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Jn. → Sasaram → Gaya Jn. → Nawadah

Road network
From Patliputra Bus Terminal, Patna (Bairiya Bus Stand) or Gandhi Maidan Bus Stand, Patna to Nawada Bus Stand via NH 20.

From Gaya through NH 120 & SH 8 (Bihar)

Air
By air, Nawada is well connected to several airports of Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal:

 * 1) Gaya Airport 69 km
 * 2) Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport, Patna 123 km
 * 3) Birsa Munda Airport, Ranchi 224 km
 * 4) Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport, Kolkata 445 km
 * 5) Deoghar Airport 167 kilometres (103.769 mi)

Educational Institute
This town has some good educational institutes like Government Engineering College, Nawada Vidhi Mahavidyalaya, Rajendra Memorial Women's (RMW) College, Kanhai Lal Sahu (KLS) College.

Schools :- St. Joseph's School, Jeevan Jyoti Public School, Modern English School, Gyan Bharti School, R.P.S.Convent Public School, Delhi Public School, The Diksha School, Dayal Public School, SHEMROCK Child Care, Bodhie Tree International School.

title: Nawada


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TV Mayhem

TV Mayhem was a short-lived British children's Saturday morning television series that was originally a replacement for Hey Hey It's Saturday after it was cancelled and aired from September 1991 for just six weeks on the breakfast television channel TV-am.

The show was presented by Chris Evans, who later went on to co-host The Big Breakfast in 1992 on Channel 4. He had previously hosted a similar show on the BSB music channel, The Power Station, called Power Up. TV Mayhem was to all intents a direct lift from it.

Cartoons that were aired included all the animated segments from Wake, Rattle and Roll (which were Fender Bender 500 and Monster Tails) and Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventures.

It was due to last 40 weeks but was cancelled after TV-am lost its licence to GMTV, then known as Sunrise Television, on 16 October.

Neither Hey Hey It's Saturday nor TV Mayhem ever enjoyed the success of the Wide Awake Club or WAC '90. Despite this, both shows are fondly remembered by those who watched them.

After TV Mayhem got axed, TV-am replaced it with a new Saturday morning block programme for children called Cartoon World, which as the name suggests, only showed cartoons. This ran from November 1991 to TV-am's demise in December 1992.

title: TV Mayhem


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Mysore district

Mysore district, officially Mysuru district, is an administrative district located in the southern part of the state of Karnataka, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Mysore division. Chamarajanagar District was carved out of the original larger Mysore District in the year 1998. The district is bounded by Chamrajanagar district to the southeast, Mandya district to the east and northeast, Kerala state to the south, Kodagu district to the west, and Hassan district to the north.

This district has a prominent place in the history of Karnataka; Mysore was ruled by the Wodeyars from the year 1399 till the independence of India in the year 1947. It features many tourist destinations, from Mysore Palace to Nagarhole National Park. It is the third-most populous district in Karnataka (out of 31), after Bangalore Urban and Belgaum.

Etymology
Mysore district gets its name from the city of Mysore which is also the headquarters of the district. The original name of this city was Mahishapura derived from a demon named Mahishasura. A statue of Mahishasura and a temple dedicated to Goddess Chamundeshwari on the top of Chamundi Hill near Mysore city, relate to the legend of its origin.

History
The earliest known reference of rulers in Mysore district are the Gangas who during the rule of King Avinitha (469-529 CE), moved the capital from Kolar to Talakadu on the banks of the river Kaveri in the Tirumakudalu Narasipura taluk. Talakadu remained their regal capital till the end of Ganga rule in the early 11th century. Gangas ruled over a greater part of Mysore district, then known by the name of Gangavadi. In the end of the 8th century, the Rashtrakuta king Dhruva Dharavarsha defeated the Ganga king Shivamara II and wrested Gangavadi from him. Gangavadi came under the governorship of Kambarasa, the son of Dhruva Dharavarsha. Gangas who were overthrown from Gangavadi, had to wait till their king Nitimarga Ereganga (853–869 CE) won a victory against the Rashtrakutas at Rajaramudu. Seeing the increasing might of the Gangas, the Rashtrakuta King Amoghavarsha I gave his daughter Revakanimmadi in marriage to the son of Ereganga, Butuga II who became the ruler of Gangavadi. Gangas ruled over Gangavadi till the Ganga king, Rakkasa Ganga (985–1024 CE) was defeated by the Cholas.

In the year 1117, Vishnuvardhana, the great king of Hoysala dynasty seized Gangavathi and its capital Talakad from the Cholas. To commemorate this achievement, Vishnuvardhana built the Keerthinarayana temple at Talakad. Gangavadi was ruled by the Hoysalas till the death of their last ruler, Veera Ballala III after which Gangavadi became a part of the Vijayanagara Empire. In 1399, Yaduraya established the Wodeyar dynasty at Mysore. It remained as a feudatory to the Vijayanagara Empire owing allegiance to the Vijayanagara kings and the Vijayanagara representative at Srirangapatna, till the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire in 1565 CE. In the vacuum that was created, Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617) established control and became the first major ruler of the Wodeyar family. He defeated the Vijayanagara representative in a battle at Kesare near Mysore, shifted his capital from Mysore to Srirangapatna in 1610 AD.

The Wodeyars continued to rule over Mysore till the reign of Krishnaraja Wodeyar II (1734–1766), when Hyder Ali Khan and his son Tipu Sultan became the virtual rulers of Mysore. Though there were Wodeyar kings during the rule of Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan, they were mere figureheads. With the death of Tipu Sultan in 1799 under the hands of the British, the Wodeyars were reinstated to the throne of Mysore and the capital was shifted back to Mysore. Prince Krishnaraja Wodeyar III who was just 5 years old was installed on the throne of Mysore in 1799. Wodeyars were the subsidiaries of the British Empire and had to pay annual subsidies. During the rule of Krishnaraja Wodeyar III, the British took the kingdom back from Wodeyars in 1831 under the pretext that the Wodeyar king did not pay the annual subsidy. Commissioners were appointed to rule over the Mysore kingdom. Mark Cubbon (Cubbon Road and Cubbon Park in Bangalore city are named after him) and L. B. Bowring (Bowring Hospital in Bangalore city is named after him) were the prominent British Commissioners who ruled over Mysore. However, the Wodeyar kings raised a plea against this with the British Parliament who gave a ruling favour of the Wodeyars. In 1881, Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (son of Krishnaraja Wodeyar III and Wodeyar king since 1868) was given back the reins of the Mysore kingdom from the British. The Wodeyars continued to rule over the Mysore Kingdom, till the rule of Jayachamaraja Wodeyar who, in the year 1947, merged his kingdom into the new dominion of independent India. He remained as a Maharaja till India became a republic in the year 1950 after which he was anointed as a Raja Pramukh (a constitutional position) as the head of Mysore state till 1956. In 1956, after the reorganisation of Indian states, the Mysore state was born and Jayachamaraja Wodeyar was made as the governor of this state – the position he held until 1964.

Geography
Mysore district is located between latitude 11°45' to 12°40' N and longitude 75°57' to 77°15' E. It is bounded by Mandya district to the northeast, Chamrajanagar district to the southeast, Kerala state to the south, Kodagu district to the west, and Hassan district to the north. It has an area of 6,854 km2 (ranked 12th in the state). The administrative center of Mysore District is Mysore City. The district is a part of Mysore division. Prior to 1998, Mysore district also contained the Chamarajanagar district before that area was separated off.

The district lies on the undulating table land of the southern Deccan plateau, within the watershed of the Kaveri River, which flows through the northwestern and eastern parts of the district. The Krishna Raja Sagara reservoir, which was formed by building a dam across the Kaveri, lies on the northern edge of the district. Nagarhole National Park lies partly in Mysore district and partly in adjacent Kodagu District.

The district is undulating with only a few isolated peaks. These include Chamundi Hill (1,030 m above MSL) and Bettadapura hill (1,320 m above MSL) in Periyapatna Taluk. The latter is the highest mountain peak in Mysore district.

Climate
The temperature in the district varies from 15 °C in winters to 35 °C in summers. Mysore district receives an average rainfall of 785 mm.

In 2022, Mysore district received an average annual rainfall of 1318 mm (an excess of 57%). The top three highest rainfall receiving hoblis were:
 * 1) Mirle - 1657 mm
 * 2) Bannur - 1481 mm
 * 3) Hosa Agrahara - 1454 mm

Geology
The types of soil found in this district are red soils (red gravelly loam soil, red loam soil, red gravelly clay soil, red clay soil), lateritic soil, deep black soil, saline alluvio-colluvial soil and brown forest soil. Some of the minerals found in this district are kyanite, sillimanite, quartz, magnesite, chromite, soapstone, felsite, corundum, graphite, limestone, dolomite, siliconite and dunite

Demographics
According to the 2011 census Mysore district has a population of 3,001,127, roughly equal to the nation of Armenia or the US state of Mississippi. This gives it a ranking of 125th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 437 PD/sqkm. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.39%. Mysore has a sex ratio of 982 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 72.56%. 41.50% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 17.88% and 11.15% of the population respectively. Some of the more ancient forest tribes are Jenu Kuruba, Betta Kuruba, Paniya, Yereva and Soliga.

Hindus constitute 87.70% of the population with Muslims making up 9.68% of the population; the remaining part of the population is made up by Christians, Buddhists and other religious groups.

At the time of the 2011 census, 80.81% of the population spoke Kannada, 9.27% Urdu, 2.91% Telugu, 2.22% Tamil, 1.12% Marathi and 0.92% Hindi as their first language.

Government and administration
Mysore district is divided into three subdivisions, Nanjangud, Mysore and Hunsur. The Mysore district administration is headed by the Deputy Commissioner who also has the additional role of a District Magistrate. Assistant Commissioners, Tahsildars, Shirastedars (revenue official at Tahsil level), Revenue inspectors and Village Accountants help the Deputy Commissioner in the administration of the district. Mysore city is the headquarters of the district. It lies on the north eastern part of the district and is well known for its beautiful palaces and also for the festivities that take place during Dasara.

Mysore District is subdivided into nine taluks:
 * Piriyapatna
 * Hunsur
 * Krishnarajanagara
 * Mysore
 * Heggadadevanakote
 * Nanjangud
 * Saragur
 * Tirumakudalu Narasipura
 * Saligrama

Mysore district has 1 Municipal Corporation, 3 City Municipal Councils, 5 Town Municipal Councils and 6 Town Panchayats.

 * Mysore City Corporation
 * Hootagalli CMC
 * Hunasuru CMC
 * Nanjangud CMC
 * K.R Nagar TMC
 * T.Narsipura TMC
 * Bannur TMC
 * H.D Kote TMC
 * Periyapatna TMC
 * Bogadhi TP
 * Rammanahalli TP
 * Srirampura TP
 * Kadakola TP
 * Saragur TP
 * Saligrama TP

Mysore district elects 11 members to the Legislative Assembly of the State of Karnataka. The 11 assembly constituencies are:
 * Chamaraja, Krishnaraja, Narasimharaja and Chamundeshwari (belonging to Mysore city)
 * Varuna (belonging to Nanjangud and Tirumakudalu Narasipura)
 * Hunsur
 * Piriyapatna
 * Krishnarajanagara
 * Heggadadevanakote
 * Nanjangud
 * Tirumakudalu Narasipura

Mysore district also elects 1 member to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. The Mysore Lok Sabha constituency consists of all the Assembly constituencies mentioned above except for Nanjangud, Tirumakudalu Narasipura, K.R.Nagara and H.D.Kote which belong to the Chamarajanagar Lok Sabha constituency.

Seat of administration
The seat of the administrative head for 128 years was a heritage building constructed in 1895 on Krishnaraja Boulevard. In order to decongest the old office, a new office was constructed on a 15 acre plot in Siddhartha Nagar at a cost of Rs. 670 million (67 crores). The three storey building resembles the Lalitha Mahal Palace Hotel. It has a built-up area of 13,720 sqm. In addition, there is basement parking of 9,150 sqm. The total area of 23,000 sqm is 3-4 times larger than the old office. The foundation stone was laid in October 2016 and building was inaugurated on 10 March 2018, when Siddaramaiah was the Chief Minister. However, with the change of government a few weeks later, the office lay vacant for several years. On 8 June 2023, soon after Siddaramaiah became Chief Minister again, the Deputy Commissioner shifted his office to the new building.

Agriculture
Agriculture is the backbone of the economy of this district as it is with the rest of India. Though the agriculture is highly dependent on the rainfall, about 45% of the sown area is irrigated. The principal means of irrigation are canals from the rivers Kaveri and Kabini rivers and tubewells. According to the 2001 census, about 3,25,823 farmers are involved in cultivation in this district. In the year 2001–2002, Mysore district yielded a food grain production of 608,596 Tonnes which is a contribution of 6.94% of the total food grain production in the state for the year. Some of the important crops grown here are cotton, grams, groundnut, jowar, maize, ragi, rice, sugarcane, sunflower and tur. Horticulture is another area contributing significantly to the economy. The principal fruits by area are banana and mango. By production, banana, mango, papaya and sapota are the main fruits.

Industries
Industries in Mysore district are mainly concentrated around the cities of Mysore and Nanjangud. Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board (KIADB) has established two industrial estates as Mysore and Nanjangud and established six industrial areas in Mysore district to encourage Industrial Development of the district. These are located at Belagola, Belawadi, Hebbal (Electronic City) and Hootagalli of Mysore Industrial estate and the industrial areas Nanjangud and Thandavapura of Nanjangud industrial estate.

The first major industry to be set up in Mysore with the partnership of the Maharaja of Mysore when Mysore was still an industrially backward district in 1960 was the now defunct Ideal Jawa India Ltd. motorcycle factory with technical collaboration with Jawa Motors of Czechoslovakia.

Some of the major industries located near Mysore city are:
 * Mysore Polymers & Rubber Products Ltd. (MYPOL) - Manufacturer of Rubber Products
 * JK Tyres Ltd. - Manufacturer of tyres
 * Automotive Axles Ltd. - Manufacturer of axles
 * Bharat Earth Movers Ltd. (BEML) - Manufacturer of heavy machinery
 * Karnataka Silk Industries Corporation (KSIC) - Manufacturer of silk garments
 * TVS Ltd. - Manufacturer of motor vehicles and parts (Near Nanjangud, Mysore Taluk)
 * Larsen & Toubro (Manufacturer of medical equipments and Electronic meters)

Some of the major industries located in Nanjangud are:
 * Dunford Fabrics (Closed)
 * VKC Sandals (India) Private Limited
 * Nestle India Ltd.
 * Ray Hans Technologies
 * AT&S India Pvt Ltd.
 * TVS Motor Company
 * Bannari Amman Sugars Ltd.
 * South India Paper Mills
 * Indus Fila
 * S Kumars Now --> Reid & Taylor
 * Raman Boards
 * REI Electronics
 * Jubilant Life sciences limited
 * Brakes (India)
 * Bacardi RUM, Gemini Distilleries Pvt Ltd.
 * Zenith Textiles
 * Kottakal Arya Vaidyasala
 * Supreem Pharmaceuticals Mysore Pvt Ltd.,
 * ITC (Tobacco Processing)
 * United Breweries (Upcoming)

Information technology
Mysore is proving to be the next IT hub in Karnataka after the phenomenal success of Bangalore. The government of India has recognised Mysore as number one among the 20 Tier II cities of India for the promotion of the IT industry. Currently, all of the IT related industries are concentrated around Mysore city. The Software Technology Park (STP) in Mysore was inaugurated in 1998 by the prime minister of India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. As of August 2006, there are 42 companies registered with the STP. Software exports from Mysore were expected to double to about Rs. 850 crores in the financial year 2006-07 from previous year's exports of Rs. 400 crores. Some of the major IT companies located here are:
 * Wipro Infotech
 * Aris Global Pvt Ltd
 * WeP Peripherals Ltd. (earlier known as Wipro ePeripherals Ltd.)
 * Infosys
 * Software Paradigms (India)
 * Larsen & Toubro
 * Infomaze

Tourism
Tourism is another big industry in Mysore. Its importance as a tourist destination was evident when it was selected as the venue for the Karnataka Tourism Expo in 2006. Though Mysore city is well known as a tourist place, other parts the district are yet to see growth in tourism. However, the tourism department plans to develop other areas like Nanjangud, Bettadapura, Hedathali, Kapadi, Mudukuthore Betta, Mugur and Tirumakudalu Narasipura as tourist places.

Notable people

 * Gurumalleshwara (1827–1899), Veerashaiva saint, Lingayat ascetic and teacher
 * M. Jayashree, Kannada actress known for supporting roles

title: Mysore district


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Purnia

Purnia (also romanized as Purnea) is the fourth largest city of Bihar and is emerging as the largest economic hub in North Bihar. It serves as the administrative headquarters of both Purnia district and Purnia division in the Indian state of Bihar. It is well known for its favourable climate like Darjeeling and has an abundance of resources for human settlements and economic activities.

The total geographical area of Purnia Urban Agglomeration is 92 km2 which is next only to Patna. The population density of the city is 3058 persons per km sq. making it the 4th largest city of Bihar by population. It is nearly 315 km from Patna, as well as 171 km from Siliguri, 90 km from Bhagalpur. It is 640 km from Guwahati (Approx.) and 450 km from Kolkata, the capital of the adjacent state of West Bengal and the largest city in East India. Purnia district covers 3202.31 sq. km of the state of Bihar. The Indian Army, Indian Air Force, and three of five branches of India's Central Armed Police Forces – the Border Security Force (BSF), the Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB), and the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) – have bases around the district.

Etymology
Several possible origins for the name Purnia have been proposed. The name may originate from the Sanskrit word Purna–Aranya, which means "complete jungle". Purnia could also be an altered form of the old name Purania, derived from the word purain or Lotus, which is said to have grown on the Kosi and Mahananda rivers.

The city's name is also romanized as Purnea.

History
Purnia is part of the Mithila region. Mithila first gained prominence after being settled by Indo-Aryan peoples who established the Mithila Kingdom (also called Kingdom of the Videhas). During the late Vedic period (c. 1100–500 BCE), Videha became one of the major political and cultural centers of South Asia, along with Kuru and Pañcāla. The kings of the Videha Kingdom were called Janakas. The Videha Kingdom was later incorporated into the Vajjika League, which had its capital in the city of Vaishali, which is also in Mithila.

In the 17th century, the rulers of Purnia were involved in wars with the Kings of Limbuwan.

At the beginning of British rule, many people from Europe came to Purnia and settled here. At that time, Purnia was a complete 'Purania', meaning jungle. In the early days of colonization, Europeans settled around the Saura river in the middle of the city, now known as Rambagh area. Later, Europeans started coming west from the Saura river and making their own 'Kothi'. The civil lines existing throughout India, were also in Purnia.

Among the most active European zamindars in Purnia were Alexander John Forbes and Palmer. Alexander John Forbes bought the Sultanpur pargana from Mahajan Babu Pratap Singh of Murshidabad in 1859 and became a Zamindar. Forbes city (Forbesganj) in the Sultanpur pargana was named after him, but Forbes lived in the city of Purnia. Forbes built the race course and various other clubs. Alexander Forbes and his wife Diana died of malaria in 1890. The Forbes family sold the Sultanpur estate to the country's business house J. K. Singhania, because of the ongoing jute cultivation.

Another Englishman who lived in Purnia was Palmer. He bought the zamindari of a king and settled in Purnia. Palmer's only daughter, Mrs. Downing, was his heir. Mrs. Downing had two heirs - her son C. Y. Downing and daughter Mrs. Hays. Today, the grand residence of Hez Saheb is the main building of Purnia College. There is a dyke in Purnia, which protects the city from floods. In Baghmara, one area in the frontier of the city, there is an embankment parallel to the Saura river, which was built by Palmer. This dam was named the Palmer Dam.

Indigo cultivation was first started in Purnia by an Englishman named John Kelly. Later, many Europeans cultivated indigo here vigorously. Shillingford, a hunter, was the foremost among them who built 'Nilha Kothi' in places such as Nilganj, Mahendrapur, and Bhavbada. Neelha farmers, another group of English farmers, heavily contrubuted to Purnia's settlement. Purnia was a very green and open area.

Religious Places
Some of the popular religious places in and around Purnea are..

 * Purandevi Mandir
 * City Kali Bari
 * Mata Sthan
 * Panchmukhi Mandir
 * Aastha Mandir
 * Prahalad Sthambh
 * Kamakhya Mandir
 * Dhima Shiv Temple

Geography
Purnia and its surrounding lands lie in the sub-montane alluvial tract of the Gangetic Plain. The city however lies on the banks of numerous tributaries of the Koshi River. Two major rivers traverse Purnia city with the Kari Kosi river on the western end and the Saura river on the eastern end. The main city is situated between these two rivers.

Purnia city has an area of 92 km2.

Climate
Purnia is known for its favourable climate; it has earned the name "Mini Darjeeling" for this reason. Purnia has a largely humid climate, with the highest level of rainfall in Bihar state and humidity rising to above 70%. A cold season, from November to February, is followed by a hot season from March to June. The monsoon season begins in early June and lasts until September; 82% of its total annual rainfall falls during the monsoon season.

January, the coldest month, has a mean daily minimum temperature of 5 to 10 °C and a mean daily maximum of 20 to 25 °C. Wind is typically light in the non-monsoon seasons but during the monsoon, storms and depressions originating in the Bay of Bengal cause heavy rain and strong winds.

Demographics
As of the 2011 census, Purnia Municipal Corporation had a total population of 282,248, of which 148,077 were males and 134,171 were females. It had a sex ratio of 906 females to 1,000 males. The population below 6 years was 43,050. The literacy rate for the 6+ population was 73.02%, compared to the 74.04% national average. Purnia Urban Agglomeration, comprising Purnia Municipal Corporation and Kasba (Nagar Panchayat), had a population of 310,817 in 2011.

Languages
Maithili, is native language and Hindi, Urdu and Bengali are the other languages spoken by the people of Purnia. Surjapuri and Santali dialects are also spoken in some parts of the city. English continues to be taught in the English Medium schools.

Economy
In recent years, Purnia is growing as epicenter for service, automobile and many more economic sectors. This results as fast changing in lifestyle and economy of city. Primarily, Gulabbagh, Khuskibagh, Line Bazar, Bhatta Bazar, Madhubani Bazar, City Industrial Estate and Maranga Outgrowth Centre are the prime locations for the economic activities.

Gulabbagh and Khuskibagh
Gulabbagh and Khuskibagh are situated at eastern outskirts of main city, and known for their famous agriculture market (in local language mandi). Many merchants come from Nepal and West Bengal to purchase supplies of raw material and specially Maize. GulabBagh in Purnia houses a major grain storehouse and is Asia's largest maize trading center. This location as well as central and eastern Bihar supply the grain requirements of Bengal, Nepal, and the states of Northeast India. It is also an epic centre of highways in Purnia, as well, , passes that provides excellent connectivity to all parts of India. Khuskibagh has fruit and vegetable market that is too close to Purnia Junction (station code: PRNA) that provides rail connectivity.

Agriculture
Purnia is supplied with agricultural products by its surrounding countryside. The alluvial soil, irrigated by the Kosi and Mahananda rivers, has been particularly suited to the paddy cultivation of rice. Other crops grown are potatoes, wheat, khesari, chickpeas, chili peppers, maize, lentils, arhar dal, barley, sugarcane, tobacco, makhana, mung beans, and jute. The previous extensive growing of jute supported a former flourishing jute industry which has now declined. The cultivation of maize has however soared in recent years in the city's outskirts.

Purnia is a powerful poultry producer and has also been catering to the demands of the nearby regions of Nepal and West Bengal for many years. Purnia is also well known for its fisheries. Fishes are also transported to the nearby markets of West Bengal, especially those in the Siliguri Metropolitan Region, the nearest large urban centre.

Education
Purnia has always been a centre of education in the north Bihar region. Zila School, founded in 1800 during the period of British rule, is Purnia's oldest school, and one of the city's largest. Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Garhbanaili (14 km away from the main city) is a prestigious school run by the government. Vidya Vihar Residential School, the leading Boarding School of Bihar has its campus at Parora on Purnea. India's leading school chain G D Goenka Public School has its third campus of Bihar in Purnea after Patna and Gaya. Purnia also has a Kendriya Vidyalaya. Other prominent schools are -
 * Vidya Vihar Residential School
 * Don Bosco public School
 * S.R. DAV Public School
 * Ursuline Convent English/Hindi Medium School
 * Millia Convent English Medium School
 * Purnia High School
 * Indian Public School
 * B.B.M. High School
 * St. Peter Residential School
 * Mount Zion Mission School
 * Bright Career English School
 * Bijendra Public School
 * Saraswati Vidya Mandir
 * Saraswati Shishu Mandir
 * St. John's High School
 * Greenfield Public School

There are colleges for higher studies concentrating engineering, law, arts, and home science. Having recognition from the state government and various other government universities such as Aryabhatta Knowledge University, Bihar Agriculture University and Purnea University, these colleges include:
 * Purnia College
 * B.M.T. Law College
 * Vidya Vihar Institute of Technology
 * Millia Group of Colleges (managed by Millia Education Trust)
 * Bhola Paswan Shastri Agriculture College
 * Purnia Mahila College
 * Millia Institute of Technology
 * Millia Polytechnic Rambagh
 * Government Polytechnic of Purnea
 * Purnia College of Engineering
 * Simanchal Institute of Medical Science, Kasba (OPD functional from Jan 2018)
 * Government Medical College and Hospital, Sadar Hospital Purnea
 * Shershah Institute of Medical Sciences
 * Medical College and Hospital by Millia Educational Trust

3D animation and multimedia institute:

 * Animation School (Madhubani Bazar)

The Indian Red Cross Society has the largest blood bank in the state after Patna, with a capacity of 1,000 units. The Bihar government recently inaugurated one of the three megastock warehouses for drugs/medicines at Kasba, which aims to serve the 13 districts of North Bihar.

The Indira Gandhi Stadium houses the Sports Authority of India sports hostel for athletes. The DSA and Zila School grounds are the city's outdoor stadiums.

The region has Purnea University (9th University of Bihar). The university is the only one in Purnea Commissionerate. It includes colleges of Purnea, Katihar, Araria and Kishanganj.

Air

Purnea Airport, also known as Chunapur Airport (Airforce Station), is located within the cantonment area but is restricted to army usage only. Proposals for the airport to operate scheduled flights are being widely discussed at the level of the state government.

The nearest commercial airport, Bagdogra Airport, is about 150 km away at Bagdogra in Darjeeling district. And Darbhanga Airport is around 231 km from Purnia. Jay Prakash Narayan International Airport (Patna Airport) is located in Patna, capital of Bihar, at a distance of 310 km from Purnia.

Rail
Purnia is served by two railway stations separated by 5 km, Purnia Junction (station code: PRNA) and Purnia Court (station code: PRNC). Purnia Junction is closer to the residents of Khuskibagh, Gulabbagh, and Eastern Purnia, while Purnia Court is in the western part of the city and caters to the residents of Madhubani, Janta Chowk, and Central and Western Purnia. Purnia Junction is situated on Barauni–Katihar, Saharsa and Purnia sections of the Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR) and East Central Railway zone that connects Purnia to Katihar Junction, Jogbani, Saharsa Junction and Barauni Junction. There are daily and weekly trains to Kolkata, Delhi Junction, Patna Junction, Ranchi Junction, Muzaffarpur Junction, Motihari, Lucknow Charbagh, Kanpur Central, Gorakhpur Junction, Gaya Junction, and other nearby cities.

Road

National Highways namely, , , make Purnia accessible to the people from nearby cities & states while state highways connect the other neighbouring cities and villages to the main city area. The newly constructed directly connects Purnia to some important towns and cities of North Bihar namely Darbhanga & Muzaffarpur. It takes nearly 5 hours to reach Muzaffarpur through this Expressway. This expressway which also traverses through the newly built Kosi Mahasetu bridge ends at Muzaffarpur to continue further for Patna. It has turned out to be an alternate route for Patna & has helped in decongesting the ever busy and traffic-prone NH31.

traverse the main city and terminate Gulab bagh at in the east and Patna to the west via Mokama, Khagaria & Begusarai.

The east–west corridor connecting Silchar, Assam to Gujarat passes through Purnia in the form of. It is a modern four-lane highway constructed by National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). State Highways 60, 62, 65, 77 & 90 also pass through Purnia.

and are four-lane expressways and are a strength to the intercity transportation services.

Notable events
Phanishwar Nath Renu's popular story "Maare Gaye Gulfam" which was adapted into a film Teesri Kasam (The Third Vow), by Basu Bhattacharya (produced by the poet-lyricist Shailendra) in 1966 was shot in Purnia, in which old Purnea is pictured, especially 'the Gulabbag Mela'.

Purnia held the record for making and displaying the world's longest tricolour flag, with the length measured at 7,100 metres (7.1 km) before it was broken on 12 August 2019 by Raipur, Chattisgadh.

Notable people

 * Raja Bahadur Kirtyanand Sinha (1880–1938), patron and known for charitable works
 * Syed Abdus Samad (footballer) (1895–1964), footballer
 * Satinath Bhaduri (1906–1965), novelist and politician
 * Phanishwar Nath 'Renu' (1921–1977), novelist
 * Balai Chand Mukhopadhyay (1899–1979), playwright and poet
 * Bhola Paswan Shastri, three-time Chief Minister of Bihar
 * Alo Roy, noted Bengali poet, story writer and cultural organiser
 * Sushant Singh Rajput, actor
 * Gurmeet Choudhary, actor
 * Sweta Singh, news editor
 * Elizabeth Sharaf un-Nisa, 18th century Mughal noble

title: Purnia


text: Talk:Otro Rollo

title: Talk:Otro Rollo


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Saharsa

Saharsa is a city and municipal corporation in the Saharsa District in the eastern part of the state of Bihar, India. It is situated near the eastern banks of the Kosi River. It serves as the administrative headquarters for the Saharsa District and is also the Divisional headquarters of the Kosi Division.

The name Saharsa originates from the Sanskrit word Sahasra Dhara meaning 'land of thousand river tributaries'. The regional language of the city is Maithili. Alongside Maithili, Hindi is widely understood and spoken.

Important temple as Diwari Asthan(maa vishhara/maa Mansa devi)about 1 km parminiya halt railway station, Mateswar dham (kantho), Maa Katyani mandir (near dhamhra ghat railway station), Tara sthan ( mahishi), Kali mandir (matsyagandha)etc.

History
Saharsa is part of the Mithila region, which first gained prominence after settlement by Indo-Aryan tribes that established the Mithila Kingdom (also known as the Kingdom of the Videhas). During the late Vedic period (c. 1100–500 BCE), Videhas developed as one of the major political and cultural centres of South Asia, along with Kuru and Pañcāla. The kings of the Videhas Kingdom were referred to as Janakas.

The Videha Kingdom was later incorporated into the Vajjika League, which had its capital in the city of Vaishali, which is also located in Mithila.

Agriculture
It is a major producer of the best quality Corn and Makhana in India. From Saharsa, corn and Makhana are exported to America, Australia, France, Japan, and England. Every year, 2 lakh metric tons of corn are exported to different countries, and similarly, to Makhana. The following crops are grown in the region: Makhana, rice, mangoes, litchi, bamboo, mustard, corn, wheat, and sugarcane. Apple Ber, Sagwan, or Teak Tectona Grandis trees are grown on a large scale.

Air Transport
Darbhanga Airport is the nearest operational airport roughly 97 km away via road. Spicejet and Indigo operate flights to cities including Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Hyderabad, and Ahmedabad. One can reach Saharsa by rail and by road from New Delhi, Patna, and Mumbai.

Geography
Saharsa is located at 25.88°N, 86.6°W. It has an average elevation of 41 metres (134 feet). Saharsa and its surrounding areas occupy a flat alluvial plain forming part of the Kosi river basin. The city lies in the Kosi alluvial megafan, one of the largest alluvial fans in the world. The land is very fertile but frequent changes in the course of the Kosi, one of the largest tributaries of the Ganges, have led to the problems associated with soil erosion. Flooding is a major reason for the poor connectivity of the area; bridges are often washed away. Major flooding occurs almost annually, causing a significant loss of life and property.

Rivers

The Koshi River and its tributaries flood annually, affecting about 21,000 km2 (8,100 sq mi) of fertile agricultural lands and affecting the rural economy. This is the most devastating river in Bihar, earning it the epithet "Sorrow of Bihar".

The Bagmati River regularly breaches its embankments and frequently changes its meandering courses. The annual rate of deposition of alluvium is very high.. The Gandak River also flows through the southern part of Saharsa.

Demographics
In 2011, Saharsa had a population of 1,897,102, of which 995,502 and 901,600 were male and female, respectively. There was a change of 25.79 percent in the population compared to the population as of 2001. In the previous census of India in 2001, Saharsa District recorded an increase of 33.03 percent in its population compared to 1991.

The initial provisional data suggest a density of 1,125 in 2011 compared to 895 in 2001. The total area under the Saharsa district is about 1,686 square kilometres (651 sq mi).

The average literacy rate of Saharsa in 2011 was 54.57, compared to 39.08 of 2001. Male and female literacy were 65.22 and 42.73, respectively. For the 2001 census, the same figures stood at 51.66 and 25.27 in Saharsa District. The total number of literates in Saharsa District was 829,206, with 521,560 males and 307,646 females. In 2001, Saharsa District had 465,577 in its total region.

The sex ratio in Saharsa stood at 906 females per 1000 males compared to the 2001 census figure of 910. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per the latest reports of the Census 2011 Directorate.

Communication links
Saharsa Junction is a railway station under the East Central Railway. Saharsa Junction covers up to Purnia Junction, Forbesganj Station, and Khagaria Junction. It is an A-category railway station under the Samastipur railway division. This railway junction has been certified as ISO 14001:2015 for environmental management. Saharsa Junction is one of the top 50 rail ticket booking stations in India and one of the top 3 rail ticket booking stations in ECR. In early 2005, a much-awaited broad gauge line connected it to Khagaria on the New Delhi-Guwahati main line. Earlier, there was only a meter-gauge line on the Khagaria – Mansi – Forbesganj section of the East Central Railway. Saharsa is directly connected to New Delhi, Sealdah, Kolkata, Amritsar, Bandra the Ranchi via Train.

Saharsa is well connected to the other parts of Bihar. The central government of India has selected Saharsa as the highway hub of the state.

Saharsa – Purnia 4-lane Highway (NH107)

Saharsa – Supaul 4-lane Highway (NH327E)

Saharsa – Madhubani Highway (NH527E)

NH527E has the longest River bridge in Indilength, the Length of the bridge is 10 km, The Highway also connects Saharsa to Paradip Sea Port via Darbhanga, Samastipur, Barh, Hazarand Ibagh, Keonjhar to Paradip seaport.

Saharsa does not have an air transport service, though there is an airstrip reserved for government use. Darbhanga Airport is the nearest domestic airport roughly 88 km away by road. The city is also served by India Post. Its Postal Code is 852201.

Educational Institutes

 * Abhyuday International School
 * Snehi Sangeetalaya
 * ANSS High school saharsa (jail colony)
 * Lord Buddha Koshi Medical College and Hospital
 * Shree Narayan Medical Institute and Hospital
 * Benevolent Global Public School
 * Buddha Public School
 * Creative Mind Residential School
 * CTE Saharsa
 * Darjeeling Public School
 * DAV Central School, Saharsa
 * Delhi Public School
 * Doon Public School *
 * East N West Teachers Training College
 * Eklavya Central School
 * Evening college
 * Global English Medium School
 * Green Field School
 * Indian High School saharsa
 * ITI Saharsa
 * Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya – JNV Saharsa
 * Jay Pratap Singh Public School
 * Kendriya Vidiyalaya Saharsa
 * Kid Care School, Saharsa Bihar
 * Manohar High School
 * Master Mind Public School
 * Govt. Girls High School
 * Middle School Sulindabad
 * मिलेनियम किड्स अकादमी स्कूल – शिवपुरी, सहरसा.
 * MLT College Saharsa
 * Mukami Mission Academy
 * R.M.M. Law College
 * Rachana Public School
 * Rajendra Mishra College
 * S M Carmel School
 * Sarvodaya Public School
 * Shanti Mission Academy
 * Shanti Niketan Shikshan Sansthan
 * S.R.M School
 * SNSRKS College
 * St Paul's School
 * St. Micheal Academy
 * St.Xavier
 * Tagore Residential School
 * Tuition Bureau
 * Vairagya International Public School
 * Vimal Bharti School
 * Zila Girls High School
 * Green Crescent Children's Academy
 * +2 Islamia High School
 * Zila Boys School Saharsa
 * Excellence Residential Academy
 * Mandan Bharti Agriculture College, Agwanpur Saharsa

Notable people

 * Maṇḍana Miśra
 * Bindheshwari Prasad Mandal, former Chief Minister of Bihar
 * Tarkishore Prasad, Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar
 * Baldev Mishra writer
 * Jamshedpur Gopeshwar, politician
 * Ulka Gupta, actress
 * Mehboob Ali Kaiser, politician
 * Rajkamal Choudhary writer

title: Saharsa


text:
Samastipur

Samastipur is a city and Municipal Corporation in Bihar, India. It is the headquarter of Samastipur district and comes under Darbhanga division. The Burhi Gandak River flows through the city. It is one of the five railway divisions of ECR, Hajipur. The Samastipur junction is one of the busiest station in North Bihar after Patna and Katihar.

Demographics
As of 2011 Indian Census, Samastipur had a total population of 62,935, of which 33,025 were males and 29,910 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 8,252. The total number of literates in Samastipur was 46,416, which constituted 73.8% of the population with male literacy of 77.2% and female literacy of 69.9%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Samastipur was 84.9%, of which male literacy rate was 88.9% and female literacy rate was 80.4%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 9,219 and 249 respectively. Samastipur had 12062 households in 2011.

Education
Samastipur has several schools and colleges. Most of the colleges are affiliated to the Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga.

The Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University, is located near the town, in Pusa. This university was constructed in 1970 near the ruins of Pusa Institute which was the Indian Agricultural Research Institute built during the British regime.

IGNOU has several study centres in Samastipur.

Samastipur has medical institution, running under Bihar govt. AHS Nursing College & Hospital is a private nursing college situated in Samastipur, affiliated to Bihar University of Health Sciences and Bihar Nurses Registration Council.

Road
Bihar State Road Transport Corporation (B.S.R.T.C) operates bus services to the neighbouring states of Jharkhand, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh.

Rail
Samastipur Junction railway station lies in the East Central Railway zone of the Indian Railway network and provides connectivity to most of the regions of India.

Notable people

 * Bali Ram Bhagat, 6th Speaker of Lok Sabha, Governor of Rajasthan, Governor of Himachal Pradesh and former Member of parliament
 * Gajendra Prasad Himanshu, politician
 * Syed Shahnawaz Hussain, Indian politician, national spokesperson of Bharatiya Janata Party and a cabinet minister
 * N. Mandal, Indian film director, editor and producer
 * Anukul Roy, Indian cricketer
 * Shilpa Singh, Indian singer, dancer, model and beauty pageant titleholder
 * Vivekanand Sinha, Inspector General of Police, Bastar range, Chhattisgarh.
 * Karpoori Thakur, politician and independence activist

Villages

 * Gorgama
 * Kaina
 * Umaidpur

title: Samastipur