text:
Talk:Yamaha YZF-R1

Totally disputed
Examples: There are WP:NPOV and WP:RS issues all over this article. It sounds more like a press release than actual encyclopedic info. Facts need to be backed up by a reliable source as defined by Wikipedia and power words like "groundbreaking", "exceptional", "truly", etc.. need to be avoided all together. Opinions simply shouldn't exist here. The "performance" section needs a reliable, unbiased source. The entire article really just needs a complete rewrite in order to exist here. I'll start on this soon if no one else does first. :) --Roguegeek 00:40, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
 * ''Starting with the FZR1000 in 1988, Yamaha introduced several motorcycle engineering firsts including the boxed aluminum "DeltaBox" frame, - This is not the case, as in 1987 the FZR400 had a deltabox!
 * When it was first introduced it was considered a groundbreaking design - WP:NPOV problem
 * It was on par with the power output ratings of its competition but it was unique with its unprecedented agility. - WP:NPOV and WP:RS problem
 * The key in the R1's success - WP:NPOV and WP:RS problem
 * which in turn led to the exceptional handling - WP:NPOV problem
 * The R1 was dominant for three years before the competition could catch up to its level - WP:NPOV and WP:RS problem
 *  but it was only in 2001 that the R1 was truly beaten, by the Suzuki GSX-R 1000, which weighed about the same but produced much more horsepower and torque. - WP:NPOV and WP:RS problem
 * An ingenious fuel injection system was introduced for the 2002 year - WP:NPOV problem
 * The 2004 R1 produces 172 hp at the crankshaft - WP:RS problem
 * giving it a theoretical 1:1 power-to-weight ratio - WP:RS problem
 * In 2006 the Yamaha R1 expanded its output to 175 hp - WP:RS problem
 * The 2006 model year for the R1 is groundbreaking - WP:NPOV problem
 * The 1985 FZ750 is an earlier example of Yamaha's the 5 valve engine design

Scientific Unit Confusion
"The 2004 R1 produces a stated 172 hp at the crankshaft (excluding RamAir) and also weighs 172 kilograms, giving it a theoretical 1:1 power-to-weight ratio."

I have numerous issues with this article, most of them stated above by Roguegeek, but this one stands out above the rest for some reason to me. While it is uncomfirmed data, it is also opinionated, creates a convoluted fact and are inncorrectly paired units of measure. I'll explain:

During the developement of the "horsepower" unit of measure, the pound (lb) was used in its determination. By saying the power to weigh ratio is 1:1 (172hp and 172 kg) is not an untrue statement, but it is misleading since the majority (all I have ever seen) of power-to-weight ratios where horsepower is used at the measure of power are "pounds-per-horsepower." A 1-to-1 power to weight ratio sounds good at face value, but when you consider that 172 kilograms is about 385 pounds, the ratio becomes less impressive with the "appropriate" mass unit in place.

Regardless, Roguegeek, made all the good points. I'd be willing to help clean this up if he hasn't begun already.209.114.201.30 20:26, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

Inconsistent Specification
There is no performance information other than power output and torque. Contrast this with super cars on Wikipedia which have statistics for max. speed, 0-100km/h, standing quarter mile etc. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.209.124.186 (talk) 00:15, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

Original research
It might seem like something is better than nothing, but adding your opinions, recollections, and experiences to this article only makes it worse. Having to verify even more uncited material just increases the work involved in cleaning up the article. If you want to help, it is far better to add one sentence that has a solid citation rather than multiple paragraphs of unsupported material. --Dbratland (talk) 17:23, 15 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Do you not think I took all of that into account? Wait a bit for the references! Rgds, --Trident13 (talk) 17:29, 15 October 2009 (UTC)
 * What about the statement (which I just deleted) which said that prior to the Fireblade the only litre-class bikes were tourers or cruisers. Completely wrong. The R100GS, for example, was a one-litre dual-sport. The BMW K1 was a one-litre sports bike. Both came long before the Fireblade. --Biker Biker (talk) 17:36, 15 October 2009 (UTC)
 * I have come to the conclusion that this editor does not know the subjects he is editing, but relies purely on information he finds on the web. If you look at the bulk of the files he has recently edited, you will find they are all currently "in the news".  In having said that, he attempted to edit a file I am involved with, (in real life), and made some rather stupid assumptions, and put it down to WP:AGF. Now, nowhere in WP:AGF can I find any relevance to putting false information!! --Keith 18:56, 15 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Regardless of any water under the bridge, this type of trouble is easily avoidable by using Workpages or user sandboxes. Help is available if there are questions on how to do that. --Dbratland (talk) 21:24, 15 October 2009 (UTC)
 * OK, I have serious concerns about the validity and neutrality of the information added, so for now I have reverted the article right back to how it stood before edited it. If he can provide references then by all means let's have another go at editing the article. --Biker Biker (talk) 21:28, 15 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Having owned a 1998 R1, and if you look at the earlier versions of this article, you will see my contributions. As the tag that you as editors applied suggested there were not enough references, I went out to find references; as the article lacked an intro, I inserted one which was agreed a year back after another tag issue. Why don't you do the same, rather than ranting and raving rather poorly that an edit is biased? Seems to me you are happier gossiping and adding tags over verifying information with references. Why not challenge yourselves for once an add a reference over a tag? You were the editors who claim some form of expertise, certainly enough to remove references and disagree with what I added. Rgds, --Trident13 (talk) 22:59, 15 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Having owned an R1 probably is a disadvantage, since it is liable to make you insert edits based on what you know rather than what you can cite. "Gossiping" on the talk page is a good practice, because it helps clear up misconceptions like the belief that your past contributions, or your personal experience, or what bikes you've owned, entitles you to put in uncited edits and not have them tagged or reverted.  As far as whether other editors spend more time or less time commenting on talk pages or adding to articles, that's their prerogative to contribute in any way they please.  Your points are all irrelevant. What was agreed a year back is irrelevant.  WP:V is a policy that is the same for everyone, all the time.  It's your choice to be bold and add information with no sources, but don't be surprised when it gets clobbered.

 * Is there any reason why your edits must get into the article now? Why can't they wait until you have a citation to go with every fact?  What's the rush?  --Dbratland (talk) 23:52, 15 October 2009 (UTC)

Whiskey Tango Foxtrot
Biker Biker- What on earth would make you think that Factory Pro is an unreliable source? Michael Jordan Motorsports race team, Aaron Yates, Geoff May, Vesrah Suzuki race team, and Robert Jensen are among their users. M4 work (talk) 15:05, 29 April 2010 (UTC)

 * It is a manufacturer of dyno equipment. It is a manufacturer using that page to try to rubbish other dyno equipment makers. Given the way the page is written and that most of the figures quoted are the manufacturer's own examples I do not believe that it is a reliable source. By all means if you disagree with me then let's take it to Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Motorcycling or ultimately to Reliable sources/Noticeboard. --Biker Biker (talk) 15:10, 29 April 2010 (UTC)

I do believe that it is a reliable source.

The numbers provided by Yamaha's marketing department are highly suspect- they're trying to sell motorcycles. Yamaha already got busted on the fake 17,500 rpm red-line on the R6. You think they're telling the truth now?

Do you even OWN an R1?

M4 work (talk) 15:23, 29 April 2010 (UTC)

 * I appreciate M4 work's contributions. You need to stop asking editors if they own this bike or own that bike.  If you have read WP:OR, you know it's besides the point.  Also see Assume good faith. This is about who has good sources, not who is familiar with which bike.  If you keep it up I think it could be interpreted as a personal attack.I agree with Biker Biker that Factory Pro is not a reliable source if you are using them to give "true" horsepower figures.  They are not independent -- see Third-party sources.  Factory Pro has a profit motive here.  If you could cite independent, third-party sources who said "Factory Pro are the only ones with the truth" that would help.  This would be a good time to take a look at Truth.  I do not think you can tell readers the true horsepower of any bike.  The only thing you can tell them is that the factory says this, this magazine says that, this shop says the other.  It's opinion and there's nothing wrong with having opinions in articles but it needs to be presented that way.  When I made the table of conflicting HP figures in Suzuki Hayabusa, that's what I was trying to do:  instead of giving the reader ONE HP, torque and top speed number, I gave them the whole set of conflicting numbers.  Let the reader decide what to believe.If you wanted to cite Factory Pro to make the point that there are disagreements and misconceptions about engine output testing, that would be valid, although then you would also need to cite Factory Pro alongside other competing sources.  I think that discussion belongs in the article Motorcycle testing and measurement -- which is an article that can use some help.   The Dave Searle editorial below makes the same point -- that there has been inflation in the calibration of many Dynojet machines, and it explains why.  It's an interesting story, and it needs more research to explain what is going on.In a nutshell:  cite Factory Pro's numbers along with everyone else's numbers.  Don't try to be the judge of who has the truth.  And then spend your time working on making Motorcycle testing and measurement a better article. Give readers the wisdom do understand why horsepower is so contentious, and they will be able to make up their own minds. (I realize all this is easier said than done, but I think it can be done, eventually).

 * --Dbratland (talk) 15:45, 29 April 2010 (UTC)

 * I do not own an R1 at the moment, but I have owned two previously. I have also owned a four GSX-R1000, a Blackbird, a Hayabusa and a ZX-9R. I currently own six motorcycles including a BMW R1150GS, a KTM 990 Adventure, a Yamaha FJR1300, a Triumph Rocket III Roadster and a Ducati Monster S4R. I'll probably trade in the FJR and KTM soon for something different. I'd guess in the past two years I have owned around twenty different bikes. However, all that is irrelevant as I never add information to Wikipedia articles based on my own experience - that is original research. What is relevant is that the page at Factory Pro you are quoting is not a reliable source. It is a dyno manufacturer setting out why it believes its kit is better than any other manufacturers. Pages that sell things are not by their nature suitable for referencing. I do believe that bike manufacturer's pages are also not suitable as sole sources, which is why magazine and other reviews are better to have in an article. --Biker Biker (talk) 15:55, 29 April 2010 (UTC)

 * M4 work, would you please stop reverting this until a consensus is reached? It's reasonable to include Yamaha's claimed horsepower numbers, clearly stating it is a claimed number (although this might violate WP:NDIA -- a ref might be sufficient), and I don't object to having Factory Pro's numbers next to that.  Readers are smart enough to see that Yamaha's number looks inflated.  It is obvious to everyone why Yamaha would exaggerate.  What you have been doing is deleting Yamaha's claimed number and replacing that with a source that is just as biased and suspect.  You have not provided any evidence that Factory Pro is used to calibrate other dynos, or that independent experts trust Factory Pro over anybody else. There are many companies who claim their testing is better than the completion.  The burden of proof is on you to show why Factory Pro is any different.Another perfectly good solution would be to delete all suspect horsepower numbers until independent third party numbers are available.  It is misleading to write these articles as if the only thing that mattered was horsepower anyway.  There is more to a bike than horsepower. --Dbratland (talk) 17:56, 29 April 2010 (UTC)

Third party sources on Factory Pro

 * So far I've found only one third party article that discusses Factory Pro's claims about "true" horsepower:I don't see any special reason here to treat Factory Pro's claims as fact. Dynojet says one thing, Factory Pro says something else.  We should stick with standard WP practice and cite independent third party sources, such as the usual bike magazines.Factory Pro's allegations can be discussed over on Horsepower or on Motorcycle testing and measurement or Dynamometer, but until a third party weighs in, Factory Pro's numbers should not be given an special preference over other sources.  I would prefer to keep them off the articles completely since they are so controversial.  Manufacturers claims belong in articles, but should be framed as claims only.FWIW, a WP user of the same name,, has previously tried to change the horsepower figures to Factory Pro's "true" values on the articles for the Hayabusa and some other bikes.My personal opinion is that it is very suspicious that nobody else has publicly taken Factory Pro's side here. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.Also, WP is an encyclopedia, and for purposes of an encyclopedia read by the general public, the horsepower differences are not that significant, but the controversy is an unnecessary distraction, and so we should stick with mainstream publications. --Dbratland (talk) 23:58, 1 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Here are two more related stories:  and .   In them, Marc Salvisberg seems to be making the more moderate, and not so strident claim that dnyos and testing methods are simply different from each other, but all that matters to the tuner is getting a baseline number and then repeating your tests on the same machine.  No claims in these stories that his company is the only one with the "truth".  --Dbratland (talk) 00:27, 2 May 2010 (UTC)

Dbratland -

You've softened. Thanks M4 work.

Like you say, what would work well is: "manufacturer's claimed"

"djhp"

"true hp"

Maybe there's a misunderstanding - True hp doesn't mean it's the one true hp figure. It means that there's nothing added, except for normal dyno parasitic drag, corrected to atmospheric conditions and all the EC997, Land and Sea, Superflow, Mustang and non-dynojet dyno guys can talk to each other. True shouldn't replace djhp, it should augment. I have no vested interest in forcing people to deal with smaller power numbers, other than they are correct. They aren't Factory Pro's horsepower numbers - they are every other non-dj dynos' base numbers. They used to be called simply "HP" before "DJHP". Now "HP" needs a qualifier.

True hp can also be referenced to older Hartzel, Go Power and Servequip dynos and djhp can't. The Factory Pro website is the only dyno site with any sort of hp reference table that I can think of.

Dave Searle left out a ton of very specific information in his Measurements article about djhp. It took both of us many hours to put the story together, 1400cc V Max (magazine test bike). I was a bit perturbed that I put as much time into research and wasn't credited. Objectively, it was a very soft article that just barely made the point.

Regarding our website - We sell dyne systems, but, we also do tuning.

Listing all of the bikes we've tested and averaging or ranging the power outputs doesn't get us any points from anybody (esp. the manufacturers)and I think that it just gives people an idea of what a "non-magazine test bike" makes. From first hand experience, I don't trust "magazine test bikes" as they are the best of the best (or 200cc better....)

I'd think that the Factory Pro list is a more objective source than a magazine dyno test. The manufacturers have a vested interest in giving the highest hp bike to the magazines - and we get bikes from dealerships.

Somebody made a reference to a press release from Roadracing World. I was quoted by name "maintaining". The Roadracing World article was edited in a way that credited unnamed "Dynojet officials" saying that their dynos are accurate and that they've sold many more dynos. That wasn't in the supplied press release. What you don't know is that Dynojet sponsors their race team and historically, the editor has spared no good words in respect to Factory Pro.

Marc Salvisberg (talk) 08:32, 4 May 2010 (UTC)

 * It's really hard to ignore the apparent conflict of interest, Marc, and I suspect that's what is clouding things. Please read WP:PSTS, which helps explain why we trust secondary sources (magazines and books) over primary sources (manufacturers and dyno makers/promoters). tedder (talk) 23:12, 4 May 2010 (UTC)

 * I think the bottom line here is that zero independent sources support Factory Pro's assertions. Zero. Marc even claims to have worked with Dave Searle on his MCN editorial, yet Searle chose not to publish Factory Pro's claims, even though MCN is advertising free and has the least allegiance to any vendor.  This is a case of using WP to right great wrongs, perhaps advocating a fringe theory, and it should stop.  These refs to factorypro.com should be removed until 3rd party sources back them up. --Dbratland (talk) 19:39, 5 May 2010 (UTC)

 * I fully agree with you on this. The factory pro refs should be removed. --Biker Biker (talk) 20:15, 5 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Thirded. tedder (talk) 20:16, 5 May 2010 (UTC)

Ok -

Cite the use of the word "hp".

Please use citations that specify the type of test equipment that the print magazines used, instead of references that do not specify test equipment used and please address the properly referenced inflation in http://www.truehp.com/magazine/dynojet_dyno_inflated_hp_reason.html, which is a reprint of a PRINT article from Hot Rod magazine, by Jeff Hartman.

Years ago, "hp" was always calculated using well established engineering equations and it was not necessary to describe "hp" as real, actual or true. It is only in the last decade that the uninformed public has come to think that the inflated dynojet hp scale numbers are actually "the hp" and that anything that is lower must be wrong. Searle (MCN, Measures) didn't mention Factory Pro or "true" HP by name, but it's impossible to not read and understand that there are real numbers and that the dynojet numbers are inflated.

The "hp" references in this article are not properly cited.

Are they real hp? or dynojet hp? or another dyno company attempting to make a stab at duplicating dynojet's unpublished inflation curve?

Horsepower and torque are measured and calculated using engineering calculations that are available in any dictionary or encyclopedia.

DB - in the two moderate "stories" you mentioned, I fact checked one of them and rewrote about 1/2 of the article (including the conclusion), which was approved by the editor and printed.

Motorcycle Consumer News Measures - how dj inflated their hp numbers to sell more dynos and ruined engineering honesty. http://www.123people.com/ext/frm?ti=person%20finder&search_term=mark%20dobeck&search_country=US&st=person%20finder&target_url=http%3A%2F%2Flrd.yahooapis.com%2F_ylc%3DX3oDMTVnYTdzZjFnBF9TAzIwMjMxNTI3MDIEYXBwaWQDc1k3Wlo2clYzNEhSZm5ZdGVmcmkzRUx4VG5makpERG5QOWVKV1NGSkJHcTJ1V1dFa0xVdm5IYnNBeUNyVkd5Y2REVElUX2tlBGNsaWVudANib3NzBHNlcnZpY2UDQk9TUwRzbGsDdGl0bGUEc3JjcHZpZANqUjgwbDJLSWNycS55cmpnWnBBNDE0U1NXODV4SVV2aGpSVUFCeENB%2FSIG%3D11revvmpf%2F**http%253A%2F%2Fwww.mcnews.com%2Fmcn%2Feditorials%2F2009OctOpenRd.pdf&section=document&wrt_id=257

Here's another article on how to measure true or real or actual or effective hp and not a mention of dynojet horsepower. http://www.howstuffworks.com/horsepower1.htm

Best regards, Marc Salvisberg (talk) 19:11, 9 May 2010 (UTC)

 * My reaction is that we have failed to fully explain Wikipedia. Can you verify for me whether you have or have not read Verifiability, Identifying reliable sources and No original research?  You seem obsessed with WP:Truth, and that's great. Who doesn't like truth?  Truth is a wonderful thing. But Wikipedia is not the place for you to set the record straight. You need to find other venues to publicize your cause, and then if that is successful, Wikipeida can then cite those sources.  WP: GREATWRONGS speaks to this issue too. --Dbratland (talk) 19:45, 9 May 2010 (UTC)

 * And another thing: The How Stuff Works article was written by Marshall Brain, founder of howstuffworks.com. He has degrees in electrical engineering and computer science, and job experience teaching computer science and running a software company.  Maybe he is an expert on horsepower, but we don't have evidence of that expertise.  More to the point, nowhere in his article does he use the phrase true horsepower, nor does he criticize Dnyojet, nor does he say Factory Pro is better or "true".Regarding Dave Searle's article:  since MCN does not accept advertising, there is no reason why he couldn't have said that Factory Pro is "true" and criticized Dynojet the way you would have liked him to. But he chose not to.  As far as I can tell, Searle said what he meant and meant what he said.  The Jeff Hartman article agrees with Searle's article as far as how Dynojet machines have error introduce in them and what it means.  Where does it say "true" horsepower? Where does it mention Factory Pro?If you want MCN or any publication to say explicitly that FP's products are "true" and your competitor's products are faulty, contact them and ask them to say that.  If they decline to do so, your problem is with them and not with Wikipedia.  --Dbratland (talk) 20:16, 9 May 2010 (UTC)

# of LE/SP produced is incorrect
The LE and SP versions of the 2006 model share the same hardware but are painted differently. The LE has the 50TH anniv. yellow and black colors while the SP has a somewhat black paint job. The LE was offered in the North America market while the SP was available in Europe. 500 of both the LE and SP were produced resulting in 1000 of the Ohlins suspended bikes world wide, not 500 as stated in the article.167.191.42.7 (talk) 23:09, 4 May 2010 (UTC)Charles (LE #145 owner)
 * Do you have a reliable source indicating the total numbers? tedder (talk) 23:09, 4 May 2010 (UTC)

What is open class?
What is open class, it is up there in the lead but I am pretty sure most reading this article will not know what that is. If possible we need a link to what open class means. --Inayity (talk) 17:32, 24 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Sport bike. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 17:41, 24 November 2014 (UTC)
 * The term is very vague and does not exist on other similar bike pages (see CBR1000rr). Even on the page discussing it, it is poorly referenced and not qualified.--Inayity (talk) 22:54, 30 November 2014 (UTC)
 * It doesn't just say "open class". It says "open class or superbike", so if the one doesn't ring any bells for you, it suggests the other. If you're complaining that motorcycle "classes" are confusing and poorly defined, that's reality. Wikipedia can't make up our own cleverly designed classes to sort out the facts to our liking.If you were talking about racing, like Superbike World Championship, then you'd be given a clear definition and the bike would either be a member of the class or it wouldn't. But street bikes are only roughly analogous to racing motorcycles. Many 1,000 cc "superbikes" don't race in Superbike World Championship. So they're called that, or they're called "open class" or whatever. Literbikes sometimes. There's many names, and they are vague.What we do at the top of an article is tell readers what term our sources mostly use to describe a bike. If the term the sources use is vague, so it goes. Be glad we're not classing plays as tragedies or comedies or tragicomedies or dramadies. That would be a real headache.If you can show that most sources use a different term for the R1 than open or superbike, then please change the article and cite it. Honda CBR1000RR would be a better article if we were to use the commonly used terms "superbike", "open class" or "liter bike", as the sources do, rather than the vague "sport bike" that we have now. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 00:47, 1 December 2014 (UTC)

Euro values and NOx values
It would be good to add the Euro0-5 levels of the bikes according to their age, especially as (ultra) low emissions zones are getting more strict. NOx values (for example 0,12g/Km for RN09) would also be useful to be able to apply for exemptions (London) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 08:38, 23 December 2019 (talk • contribs) 62.235.102.188 (UTC)

Reverted odd non-English text added to the article (I believe Greek?)
Someone replaced the initial paragraph with one in Greek, I believe; reverted.

title: Talk:Yamaha YZF-R1


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Time Cube (3rd nomination)

AfDs for this article:  This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this  page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Tony Sidaway|Talk 23:17, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Time Cube

 * For the January 2004 and February 2004 prior VFD discussions of this article, see Talk:Time Cube/Delete.

Patent nonsense. Not only is it an article about fringe original research, but at least one of its anonymous proponants has been using it as a platform to insert Time Cube nonsense into other sensible and useful articles like Greenwich Mean Time. Consider this image caption: "The unique harmonicity of the 4-corner quadrant division proves the supremacy of the number four." This is not encyclopaedic. Evertype 10:51, 2005 Apr 26 (UTC)
 * Keep I'm impressed that somebody took the time to read and could actually construct a coherent summary of it.
 * Comment There have been many votes to keep with a clean up to better reflect Time Cube as an internet phenomenon and remove the "original research" in line with Wikipedia. I have attempted such a clean up which has significantly slimmed the article.  Could anyone seeking a clean up of the article please review my version and edit or expand on it as necessary.  Thanks. Cheradenine 22:57, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, has a cult following. VfD is not vandalism control. Gazpacho 11:16, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I will admit, though, that 90% of the article violates the original research policy. The article ought to be about a funny web site, not the secrets of the universe. Gazpacho
 * Keep! We must not allow Evertype's obscurantist agenda to silence the Cubic Truth of the Universe. Time Cube is a well-known theory, with Gene Ray having guest-lectured to packed lecture-theatres of university students at MIT in January 2002, and again at Georgia Tech just two weeks ago. Furthermore, the Time Cube article in question is a well-established one, containing many useful contributions by various users and having also previously withstood the VFD test not once, but twice. I urge other users to stand with me on this and to thus prevent their children or great-grandchildren from resorting to cannibalism in future 4/16 rotations of Earth. Time is Cubic, not Linear, and 4 is the Supreme Number of the Universe. You Must Seek Time Cube! 211.28.114.30 12:16, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This is, surprisingly, the user's first edit. --Calton | Talk 02:12, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Gene hasn't yet used all 65536 possible IP addresses in that range. See below. Uncle G 23:55, 2005 Apr 27 (UTC)
 * To my knowledge, Gene hasn't used any of them at all. See below. 211.28.24.43 08:42, 2005 Apr 28 (according to history Uncle G 09:33, 2005 Apr 28 (UTC))
 * Delete. Borders on patent nonsense, notability not established. Martg76 12:22, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Ignore the trolls and vandals; this is a well-known web phenomenon. Gene Ray was invited to speak at MIT on his "theories." android↔talk 12:39, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * ... and clean up. Concur with Gazpacho; the article needs to be more about Time Cube as a web phenomenon and less about the actual "research," perhaps with just a summary of the claims rather than a blow-by-blow analysis. android↔talk 12:50, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * keep, even though people will probably find this theory laughable in all, um, corners of the planet. (Or should that be all quarters?) Grutness|hello? [[Image:Grutness.jpg|25px|]] 12:44, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Gene Ray is a notable Internet crank; however, for his Time Cube theory, No original research should apply here as it does anywhere else. Move it to Wikibooks, or redirect to Gene Ray, or drastically alter the article to talk about the Internet phenomenon and not the original research (which could just as well be done by redirecting to Gene Ray). We have an article about Sollog, but no long separate article on "Sollog Theory"; why would this be different?  -- Curps 13:01, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Gene Ray. There is enough about the time cube theory in the Gene Ray article; we don't need to expound every deranged detail. Wile E. Heresiarch 13:28, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy keep in the strongest possible terms. Here are archives of the past two times this article has been nominated for deletion and kept. There has to be an end of this sometime.  -- Smerdis of Tlön 13:47, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Perhaps there will be, when this crap is deleted. I can't imagine anyone with serious NPOV "fixing" this monstrosity. Evertype 17:37, 2005 Apr 26 (UTC)
 * Delete as lawful stupid. DS 15:01, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC) ...whoa. I am impressed by the work Nunh-huh have done in fixing what I thought was an inherently unsalvageable article. Keep, I guess, as long as it stays a neutral article that doesn't try to propagate Gene Ray's schizophrenic glossolalia. This may require protecting the article.DS 13:24, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Cleanup and Keep Someone needs to take a hatchet to the text. It's wrong in so many ways. Anilocra 15:02, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * A well-known Internet phenomenon. Keep, but trim drastically - at the moment it is a promotional of crackpottery. Alternately, merge some of the contents to Gene Ray, and redirect. - Mike Rosoft 16:37, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I believe that the trimming has gone a bit too far. If this is to be the final version, it should be merged to Gene Ray. (And, please, keep the pictures, so that they can be preserved on BJAODN.) - Mike Rosoft 19:02, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep (because of previous VfDs). Do a cleanup (it is way too big and too hard to read). Block the 211.28.xxxx vandalizing Greenwich Mean Time and related articles. Pavel Vozenilek 16:49, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete patent nonsense. Ben-w
 * Keep -- and rewrite. - Longhair | Talk 17:07, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * You volunteering to rewrite it? Good for you! Evertype 17:41, 2005 Apr 26 (UTC)
 * Comment: Keep and cleanup is a perfectly legitimate vote, even if the voter is unwilling and/or unable to do the rewrite. Please don't disparage it. Meelar (talk) 20:20, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: No, I'm voting on keeping the article, and suggesting a rewrite. I'd heard of Time Cube long before I'd heard of Wikipedia. This site has gained some notoriety, even if the content is considered a notch above or below crankworthy. If I had the time or inclination to rewrite the article, I'd have done so. As is stands, I'm simply letting others know I feel it's worth keeping, once improved. From there, the community can muster up all the improvements it likes. I never said I'd come back to visit the article at all. -- Longhair | Talk 06:09, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - or shorten it down very much so only essence would remain and thus removing original research.DeirYassin 18:08, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Gene Ray. Average Earthman 18:45, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and clean up this article about some very orginal research. Kappa 19:18, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * keep, but maybe shorten Only because this poor, sorry soul and his bizzare ramblings have developed a cult following ('Cult' as it would apply to the Rocky Horror Picture Show, btw) Roodog2k 19:22, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and let people know on WP:AN/I if this guy starts getting too frisky with the reverts on the Greenwich or other articles. No reason to let this crank violate the 3RR and endanger legitimate articles. Vfd is not vandal control. Meelar (talk) 20:19, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. While the article as it currently stands is by no means an ideal article (or even a decent one), Time Cube is definitely a worthy topic for inclusion within Wikipedia. Definitely needs to be cleaned up. R Calvete 21:18, 2005 Apr 26 (UTC)
 * Keep. Very well-known internet kookery, gets 22,000+ Google hits. --Carnildo 22:43, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. No original opinions. -- Kizor 22:50, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Gene Ray. —Ashley Y 23:28, 2005 Apr 26 (UTC)
 * Merge perhaps a few sentences to Gene Ray, if that article doesn't already have everything important about this nonsense. CDC   (talk)  23:40, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Highly informative article with a lot of references. A lot of time was put into creating this useful article. --Timecop 01:35, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * User has 25 edits.
 * (Removed personal attack by Timecop.)
 * Keep an eye on it for vandals (to other articles). It might be nonsence, but people believe it. humblefool® 23:48, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Time Cube is maybe the best known "Internet crank" in existence. Definitely encyclopedic. Nightwatch 00:44, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Time Cube kicks ass. AngryParsley 01:26, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Gene Ray kicks ass. Shltping 01:30, 2005 Apr 27 (according to history Uncle G 23:55, 2005 Apr 27 (UTC))
 * Anon votes are generally discounted on VfD.
 * Keep. We rightly have an article on Flat Earth Society, and we should similarly have an article on this and other popular crank theories.--Gene_poole 02:31, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Patent nonsense. -- Dave C. 02:36, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Gene Ray. Tannin 02:41, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or redirect to Gene Ray. Nonsensical original "research" Josh Cherry 04:15, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, notoriety and notability. Megan1967 04:50, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and add a disclaimer at the top. All such bullshit articles need a proper disclaimer. 05:22, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC) 69.106.186.1 05:22, 2005 Apr 27 (according to history Uncle G 23:55, 2005 Apr 27 (UTC))
 * Anon votes are generally discounted on VfD.
 * Keep. Needing cleanup is not reason to delete a valid encyclopedic article. Time Cube is kook science, but it is notable, well-known and oft-reported kook science. (Or maybe I have been educated stupid...) Mindspillage (spill yours?) 05:42, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable XmarkX 06:12, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Time Cube is a cute webpage, but not that notable an covered by the Gene_Ray article which is the sensible place.  Make it a redirect to Gene_Ray if you need to keep it. 65.95.133.197 07:01, 2005 Apr 27 (according to history Uncle G 23:55, 2005 Apr 27 (UTC))
 * Keep but with reservations, nedds some serious cleanup, puls addtional views from outside sources on the subject, ie to why it would not be pratical from some kegit sources, if any would be nice. --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 07:06, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC) Vote Withdrawn
 * If this cannot be cleaned up, delete. But the topic clearly is worth an article, this article just is not good enough. --Jannex 07:07, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup. --SPUI (talk) 07:34, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I smell a sock. Nevertheless this seems a notable enough hoax to be kept, but requires heavy cleanup. Radiant_* 09:31, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Keep GNAA Popeye 14:18, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Completely noteable. I've seen Ray on Tech Tv. Even if the Timecube theory is fringe and quack physics, it still is a noteable theory in that it is popular. An encylopedia's purpose is to provide a summary of a certain noteable piece of information, and this article does that. --vetta2
 * Keep but cleanup. Sam Hocevar 14:46, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or Cleanup I know many here simply want the page to be cleaned up, but I suggest those people read the archived discussion.  There is someone who apparently has vast amounts of time on there hands, who will fight any attempted cleanup at all turns.  This page has been edited away from a page about Gene Ray's Time Cube website into a troll for parody sites like CubicAO, and it will stay that way without considerable devoted attention from someone.  I suggest that unless you personally are willing to cleanup and maintain the cleaned up page, that you vote for the practical choice under the circumstances. Cheradenine 16:11, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The practical choice is to allow the article's NPOV to remain, and not make baseless accusations of auxiliary sites being parodies and other such prejudiced remarks. Maybe you're talking about the choice that is practical for censoring Truth and forcing Academian beliefs upon readers. Note that Cheradenine has only 10 edits total. 211.28.24.43 08:42, 2005 Apr 28 (according to history Uncle G 09:33, 2005 Apr 28 (UTC))
 * Strong Keep but cleanup. We'd be lax not to have this. --Badlydrawnjeff 17:11, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and Evertype needs a new hobby. His persistence in banning Time Cube from Wikipedia is beyond reasonable. Methinks he doth protest too much. Franc28 17:44, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Err, Evertype is only responsible for this VfD, not the previous two. Seems like a perfectly reasonable action to me. android↔talk 00:30, Apr 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Reminds me of Sollog. We have no article for his "Temple of Hayah," but that is not nearly as discussed as this "time-cube" seems to be.  As long as it's a fair article and not a fanboy piece or a hatchet job, keep.  The Sollog article is an example that shows this can be accomplished even with articles dealing with people who apparently have not been taking their meds regularly.  A2Kafir 23:06, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * If you look at the (long) edit histories of this article and of Gene Ray, and the comments on the talk pages, you'll find that several editors share the suspicion that 211.28.*.* is the dynamically-assigned IP address range that Gene Ray himself uses. For the months prior to this article coming up for VFD (for the third time), many edits to these two articles have followed a pattern:  Gene would edit the article from a 211.28.*.* IP address, and another editor would then either neutralize or revert the added content. Interestingly, it was Gene himself who removed the first VFD notice on 2004-02-01. Uncle G 23:55, 2005 Apr 27 (UTC)
 * Uncle G, why is it that you are engaging in unfounded "ad hominem" attacks instead of addressing the actual content of the articles? As I have pointed out many times, I am not Gene Ray; and it seems to me that contrary to the conduct that should be adopted by a useful and productive Wikipedia user, you are intent on taking sides and fighting against users whom you dislike. This results in the quality of the actual content being overlooked and compromised. Again, you need to focus less on conspiracy theories against users such as myself, and more on the actual content of Wikipedia articles. 211.28.24.43 08:42, 2005 Apr 28 (according to history Uncle G 09:33, 2005 Apr 28 (UTC))
 * Comment as far as I can tell (reading he archived discussions etc.) 211.28.*.* is not Gene Ray, but rather the author of the parody/troll site CubicAO. Read any of the interviews with Gene Ray and this ought to be clear.  Effectively this Wikipedia page has been overtaken by trolls who are using it to promote their own parody/troll site for their own amusement.  Anyone who cares to read the discussion page and use the Wayback machine can trace the development of this particular trolling effort.  I've attempted to clean up the article.  Please edit or extend, or at the least drop a word of support for the edits into the discussion page.  Cheers. Cheradenine 00:09, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Cheradenine, CubicAO is a serious site; and if you have legitimate objections to the content of article Time Cube, you will need to explain the specific flaws, rather than making up conspiracy theories about the writers being trolls. 211.28.24.43 08:42, 2005 Apr 28 (according to history Uncle G 09:33, 2005 Apr 28 (UTC))
 * Keep, but only if we all pitch in and maintain an encyclopedic, cleaned-up verison. Mgw 08:03, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: 211.28.24.43 [Gene?] has already started the edit war over the cleaned up version by Cheradenine.  It would be helpful if those of you who voted to keep but clean up could help maintain a reasonable version of this page until this anonymous troll looses interest.  Mgw 09:07, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * "started"? It has been going on for over a year.  Speaking as one of the editors who has from time to time over the past months neutralized or fixed 211.28.*.* modifications to Time Cube and to Gene Ray, I think that it is highly probable that 211.28.*.* will not lose interest.  Xe has, after all, been doing this (adding text which has to be neutralized, reverting other editors' changes to xyr own version with edit comments claiming it to be the "NPOV" one, accusing a wide range of other editors of "POV" and "ad hominem attacks" on talk pages) since at least January 2004 (where 211.28.*.* was even then commented upon in the VFD discussion).  In fact, xe has outlasted at least one editor (Talk:Gene Ray).  Xe is the reason that Coordinated Universal Time, Greenwich Mean Time, and Time zone are all currently protected (WP:AN/I). Talk:Gene Ray and Talk:Time Cube are still listed at Requests for comment, by the way. Uncle G 10:37, 2005 Apr 28 (UTC)
 * keep. Time cube is an exemplary crank page (I ought to get round to adding time cube to slashdot subculture) and by definition worthy of note.  Of course, we ought to be vigilant about maintaining NPOV here.
 * Strong Keep - While Time Cube is kookery, it is extremely famous kookery. Just because it attact trolls does not detract from its fame and consequential notability.  --Bletch 15:54, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Clean up and Keep I think the clean up that's been done is good, and as long as there is a good watch set on the article to keep trolls from messing it up again it is worth keeping. 129.100.75.73 17:09, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or redirect to Gene Ray. Notable kookery.  -Sean Curtin 00:59, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Obvious and strong keep Definatly notable enough. Two previous VFDs people! Gkhan 02:49, Apr 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, very relucantly, but only if the article is made much shorter. Gene Ray is a notable crank, but the article is far too long relative to the very minimal importance of his kookery.  Quale 05:12, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Why? Are we running out of paper or something? If the article is kept then I don't see why it should be made shorter.
 * Keep: The article was repaired nicely and should be kept.
 * After reading the article, I still have no idea what the damn thing is, other than some sort of website with some unusual content. Gzuckier 23:50, 1 May 2005 (UTC)
 * keep as an article on a kooky website (Category:Internet culture, not Category:Pseudo-science). dab (ᛏ) 08:33, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep already survived two vfds, let it rest. N-Mantalk 09:06, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Let it rot, uh... rest. Phils 10:10, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, you must establish a Chair of Wisdom to empower Wise Men over the stupid intelligentsia, or perish. --iMb~Meow 12:28, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Famous internet crank. If this deletion request is according to deletion policy, then deletion policy needs fixing - David Gerard 19:35, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, very notable on the Internet. A distinction needs to be made between whether an article is patent nonsense or the article's subject is patent nonsense. Bryan 15:51, 4 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Brookie:the wind in the grass 19:54, 6 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as trolltrap -- I don't put out a baited mousetrap because I want to attract mice to my house; but I do want to attract mice in my house to the trap. — Xiong 熊 talk * 07:47, 2005 May 7 (UTC)
 * Keep However Gene Ray is wrong, Time is actually triangular. And I can prove that. Klonimus 08:42, 10 May 2005 (UTC)*
 * Keep Gene Ray is my hero.
 * Keep I may not have an account, but i agree on keeping this!
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Shroomlock

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 18:57, May 11, 2005 (UTC)

Shroomlock
18 Google hits, not even a marginal character in the game. Lotsofissues 10:52, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, cruft. Megan1967 07:21, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. If he's only got 18 Google hits and the game is so well-known, then he's not even worth including in the game's article. --Idont Havaname 01:59, 1 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Let's wait until he's even ESTABLISHED. --A Link to the Past 09:47, May 8, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
International finance

International finance (also referred to as international monetary economics or international macroeconomics) is the branch of financial economics broadly concerned with monetary and macroeconomic interrelations between two or more countries. International finance examines the dynamics of the global financial system, international monetary systems, balance of payments, exchange rates, foreign direct investment, and how these topics relate to international trade.

Sometimes referred to as multinational finance, international finance is additionally concerned with matters of international financial management. Investors and multinational corporations must assess and manage international risks such as political risk and foreign exchange risk, including transaction exposure, economic exposure, and translation exposure.

Some examples of key concepts within international finance are the Mundell–Fleming model, the optimum currency area theory, purchasing power parity, interest rate parity, and the international Fisher effect. Whereas the study of international trade makes use of mostly microeconomic concepts, international finance research investigates predominantly macroeconomic concepts.

The foreign exchange and political risk dimensions of international finance largely stem from sovereign nations having the right and power to issue currencies, formulate their own economic policies, impose taxes, and regulate movement of people, goods, and capital across their borders.

China and fiat currency
The idea of fiat currency was established just over a thousand years ago in China during the Yuan, Tang, Song and Ming dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty (618-907) there was a high demand for metallic currency that exceeded the supply of precious metals. The people were already familiar with the use of credit notes, and they rapidly began accepting pieces of paper or paper drafts.

A shortage of coins forced these people to change from coins to notes. During the Song Dynasty (960-1276), there was a booming business in the Sichuan region that led to a shortage of copper money. This led to traders issuing private notes covered by a monetary reserve. This was considered to be the first ever legal tender. Paper money became the only legal tender in the Yuan Dynasty (1276-1367) and issuing of notes was conferred to the Ministry of Finance during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). Fiat money can serve as a good currency if it can handle the role that a nation's economy needs of its monetary unit: storing value, providing a numerical account, and facilitating exchange. It also has excellent seigniorage, meaning it is more cost-efficient than a currency directly tied to produce than a currency directly tied to a commodity.

On the International stage fiat currencies were not truly relevant until the US removed its currency from the gold standard in 1971. At this point other nations followed suit creating an environment where an infinite amount of money could be created. Before this, a nation's currency—which was unaccredited by precious metals—would not be accepted in exchange for goods and services outside of the host country where it was produced.

Bretton Woods Conference
The Establishment of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank are one of the most significant turning points in the History of international finance. Through Decades of negotiation between international powers and the persistence of economic superpowers no single event inspired unity of determining the fair rules of trade and monetary policy than the Second World War. In Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, delegates from 44 nations gathered to determine what would be the rules for international trade after the war.

After the Bretton Woods Conference was completed the framework for the IMF and World Bank were laid out and begun to be developed. As a result, international trade skyrocketed since exchange between countries and between continents finally had a measurable way to determine exchange rates and fair value of currency. Individual countries' banks were no longer the determining factor in determining a fair exchange rate, removing inconsistencies between individual countries' monetary systems.

The Bretton Woods system did not last very long, as after WW2 the United States was the physical owner of most of the world's gold supply. This meant countries' currencies were supposed to be pegged to a resource over which the US had a near monopoly. This state of affairs only lasted around 20 years as most notably in 1971 the French who were skeptical of the US dollar being the world's reserve currency reclaimed most of their gold that they exported to the US for protection. This action was inherently a destabilizing force to the US dollar since at any time before this individuals or businesses were able to exchange their US dollars for gold. Many other nations followed suit in a metaphorical "Gold Rush" to get gold from the US by exchanging dollars. The result of this action was the world's reserve currency, the US dollar, no longer being pegged to gold from 1971, with Richard Nixon removing the convertibility factor of the US dollar. This fundamentally changed international finance as no longer was the world's currency based on anything physical, it transitioned into a fiat currency (money without intrinsic value that is used as money because of government decree).

title: International finance


text:
Talk:Spiritual Warfare (video game)

[Untitled]

 * It is simultaneously and perhaps paradoxically considered both a blatant and inferior rip-off of The Legend of Zelda and the finest game that Color Dreams / Wisdom Tree has ever made. Fans of obscure and questionable NES games revere Spiritual Warfare and consider it one of the finest example of an NES cult classic, perhaps rivalled only by Action 52.

I moved the above paragraph from the article since it is clearly unsourced and POV. Angela. 10:54, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think it's "paradoxal", cosidering the overall quality of the Wisdom Tree games. 85.226.122.205 18:25, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spiritual Warfare (video game)


text:
Malbaie River

The Malbaie River in the Charlevoix region empties into the Saint Lawrence River at La Malbaie. Until 1985 the river was used to transport logs downstream. It flows through a steep valley known as Les Hautes Gorges. A sugar maple and American elm forest grows in the gorge and has remained largely undisturbed for hundreds of years.

Its course successively crosses Grands-Jardins National Park, Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, Zec des Martres, Hautes-Gorges-de-la-Rivière-Malbaie National Park and Zec du Lac-au-Sable. It winds first towards the north-east, towards the east, then towards the south-east, in a narrow and deep glacial valley, for 161 kilometers and a drop of 820 meters.

Its course forms a semicircle stretching towards the north and completely encircling in its center the hydrographic slope of the Rivière du Gouffre. For example, there is a distance of 17.1 km between the mouth of the rivières des Martres and the mouth of a stream flowing on the east bank of the upper part of the Malbaie River; at the height of this imaginary line, the course of the Malbaie river stretches north to 10.9 km. While there is a distance of 48.9 km between the mouth of the Malbaie river and the mouth of the Petite rivière Malbaie which flows onto the east bank of the upper part the Malbaie River; at the height of this imaginary line, the course of the Malbaie river stretches north to 32.9 km. Its watershed and that of the rivière du Gouffre form the Charlevoix Biosphere Reserve.

Le Hautes-Gorges-de-la-Rivière-Malbaie National Park is home to Eastern Canada's tallest rock-faced cliffs. Designated a national park (of the province of Québec) in 2000, the 233-km2 Hautes-Gorges is the centrepiece of the UNESCO Charlevoix biosphere reserve.

Geography
"Little Tristan Lake" is the "head lake" of the Malbaie River hydrographic slope. It is located in a swampy area in a small valley of mountains. It discharges to the north where water flows 1.0 km through swamps to Tristan Lake (1.8 km long) that flows through its full length from south to north. The landfill continues for 3.0 km north to Gamache Lake (0.86 km), which crosses the stream from south to north for 0.6 km. This last lake has a large central island.

From Gamache Lake, the waters flow north for 1.4 km to the outlet of Lamfort Lake. From there, the Malbaie River descends for 5.7 km to Fradette Lake (2.5 km, oriented to the northeast), which flows through to its full length. Lake Frenette receives by the north-west the waters of lakes Carroll, Milton and Brunette. From the mouth of Fradette Lake, the river flows 2.4 km northeast to Lake Malbaie. The current of the Malbaie River crosses this lake from south to north for 2.3 km.

The Malbaie Lake outlet is located to the north.

Upper course of the Malbaie River downstream of Malbaie Lake (segment of 53.6 km)

 * 3.6 km towards the north by collecting the outlet of Lac Saulmer (coming from the west), then branching east, until the outlet (coming from the north) of a series of lakes including Lac à Jack, Lac Fronsac and Petit Lac à Jack;
 * 12.0 km towards the north-east by collecting the outlet (coming from the north-west) from the Lac des Sixty-Six, then towards the north, until the confluence of the Jardin River;
 * 6.0 km towards the north by collecting the discharge (coming from the south-east) of Lake Duberger, until the confluence of the L'Enfer River;
 * 7.7 km to the north by collecting the discharge (coming from the west) from Pigeon Lake, then bending towards the northeast at the end of the segment, until the confluence of the Petite rivière Malbaie (coming from the east);
 * 6.1 km towards the north bending towards the northwest at the end of the segment up to a bend corresponding to the confluence of the Chemin des Canots River (coming from the south);
 * 9.1 km to the north, forming some coils up to the Barley river (coming from the east);
 * 9.1 km towards the north by collecting the Cold stream (coming from the east) and the Cow's stream (coming from the west), forming a loop towards the northeast and an S, to the confluence of the rivière à la Cruche (coming from the west);

Intermediate course of the Malbaie river downstream of the Cruche River (segment of 45.1 km)

 * 0.7 km north-east until the confluence of the Porc-Épic River (coming from the east);
 * 6.8 km towards the north, forming a large curve towards the east, up to the outlet (coming from the east) of the lake;
 * 4.1 km towards the northwest by collecting the Cran Rouge stream (coming from the south) up to a bend in the river;
 * 3.4 km north-east to Caribou stream (coming from the east);
 * 6.2 km northeasterly to ruisseau à John (Malbaie River) (coming from the north);
 * 6.5 km to the east in a deep valley by collecting the discharge (coming from the north) from Lac Plat, then forming a loop towards the south, to a stream (coming from the north);
 * 11.7 km towards the east in a deep valley crossing a few rapids at the start of the segment, collecting the North stream (coming from the south) and Scott stream (coming from the north), until at a bend in the river;
 * 5.7 km to the south in a deep valley crossing the “Les Eaux-Mortes” section and a widening of the river, up to the rivière des Martres (coming from Where is);

Lower course of the Malbaie river downstream of the Martres river (segment of 22.9 km)

 * 2.1 km towards the south-east until the Ruisseau des Érables (coming from the south-west);
 * 6.8 km east to the Larouche stream (from the south), then northeast to the Pont stream (from the northwest);
 * 4.8 km to the east, then south, passing to the east of a mountain, collecting the Cold stream (coming from the west), to the Foulon stream (coming from West);
 * 2.8 km towards the south by forming a loop towards the west at the end of the segment, up to the Rouillé stream (coming from the southwest);
 * 6.4 km by forming a 2.1 km hook towards the north, then towards the east, the south-east and finally the east, until the brook of the Americans (coming from the north);

Lower course of the Malbaie river downstream from the ruisseau des Americans (segment of 30.9 km)

 * 4.6 km to the south, forming a large curve towards the east, collecting the stream of Beavers (coming from the east), up to the stream of Pied des Monts (coming from the Where is);
 * 10.1 km towards the south-east by collecting the outlet (coming from the west) of Long Lake, then towards the northeast by winding, until the outlet of Lake Nairne (coming from South);
 * 4.3 km towards the east by forming a big loop towards the north, until the confluence of the Snigole River (coming from the northwest) which flows in the middle of a dam lake (length: 1.9 km; altitude: 59 m);
 * 2.0 km to the east by crossing a small dam, up to the confluence of the Jacob (coming from the north);
 * 7.4 km to the east, forming large loops in the town of La Malbaie, until the confluence of the Comporté River (coming from the north);
 * 2.5 km eastward to its mouth.

The Malbaie River flows into downtown La Malbaie on the northwest shore of the St. Lawrence River.

Toponymy
In 1608, Samuel de Champlain named this stream "Rivière Platte" or "Malle Baye". After the English conquest, the seigneuries of Mount Murray and Murray Bay, so that the English have long named this river Murray River. With time, the Malbaie river finally prevails.

Champlain calls the bay "Malbaie" in the sense of bad because at low tide the latter dries up and the boats run aground. As for "Murray", he owes his name to James Murray, first governor of province of Quebec, which conceded two seigneuries at the mouth of the river.

title: Malbaie River


text:
Template talk:Numbers

PLEASE NOTE
It seems not clear to some visitors (in view of the latest 3 edits, e.g. ) that the "Templates" displayed below are by now largely outdated versions which have (luckily) almost nothing more in common with the current version, so it's of no use to make corrections to them here. — MFH: Talk 20:49, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

PS:maybe those appearing there could be "cut down" to the parts that are discussed here, which would at the same time avoid confusion and save space. — MFH: Talk

PPS: IF s.o. wants to change the template, please also replace \ne\Q by \notin\Q at "e (constant)".

duplicates
The heading "complex extensions" occurs twice in this template which looks like an error. Being Danish, I shall avoid any other action than this comment :-). Kind regards --83.88.250.55 10:55, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

In addition, the line "Reals" contains a { that should be removed. --83.88.250.55 16:27, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

No, in fact the lines "Real numbers" and "Reals" both refer to the same article, so the latter should be removed entirely. --83.88.250.55 16:40, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I would encourage you to login and edit it. I personally struggle with how best to represent or organize complex and trancendental numbers, and am unsure how much depth it should have. In any case, Id prefer that someone more knowledgeable edit it, and that's the main why it was posted on the numbers article. I will take a look now at making some changes, but would encourage you to Be Bold in editing. -SV|t|add 20:43, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I took a deep breath and tried it. Please find the result at the bottom of this page. Regards, Sir48 (Denmark)

workspace
$$\mathbb{N}\sub\mathbb{Z}\sub\mathbb{D}\sub\mathbb{Q}\sub\mathbb{R}\sub\mathbb{C}$$
 * Basic classes

$$\mathbb{N}$$ Naturals {0,1,2,3..} $$\mathbb{P}$$ Primes {$$\mathbb{N}$$, }

$$\mathbb{Z}$$ Integers {..-1,0,1,..} $$\mathbb{D}$$ Decimals (.454, etc.) $$\mathbb{Q}$$ Rationals $$\left\{\frac{m}{n} : m \in \mathbb{Z}, n \in \mathbb{Z}, n \ne 0 \right\} $$ Constructibles Irrational numbers $$\mathbb{R}$$ Real numbers {$$\mathbb{Z}, \mathbb{Q} , \mathrm{i} , \mathbb{T} $$} Imaginary numbers $$\mathbb{C}$$ Complex {$$\mathbb{R}, \mathrm{i}$$}, Algebraic numbers $$\mathbb{T}$$Transcendentals Transfinite numbers Computable numbers R1,1 Split-complex

Bicomplex Hypercomplex {$$\mathbb{R}$$,i,j,k} Quaternions ~i2=j2=k2=ijk=-1 Octonions Sedenions Superreal Hyperreal Surreal
 * Complex extensions

Nominal Serial Ordinal size, position {n} Cardinal {$$\aleph_1, \aleph_2, \aleph_3, \cdots$$} p-adic's Integer sequences Math constants Large numbers $$\mathrm{i} $$ Imaginary unit ≈/$$= \sqrt{-1}$$ π Pi = {3.14159 26535 ...} e "e" (constant) ≈ 2.71828 (≠ $$\mathbb{Q}$$) ∞ Infinity
 * Other numbers / special numbers

Irrational numbers Constructibles Algebraic
 * Definitions

$$\mathbb{T}$$Transcendentals π Pi 3.14159 26535 e "e" (constant) ≈ 2.71828 (≠ $$\mathbb{Q}$$) Computable numbers $$\mathrm{i} $$ Imaginary unit ≈/$$= \sqrt{-1}$$ R1,1 Split-complex
 * Trancendentals

Bicomplex Hypercomplex $$\mathbb{H}$$ Quaternions { $$\mathbb{R}$$,i,j,k} ( ~i2=j2=k2=ijk=-1 ) Octonions Sedenions Superreal Hyperreal Surreal
 * Complex extensions

Nominal Ordinal size, position {n} Cardinal {$$\aleph_1, \aleph_2, \aleph_3, \cdots$$} p-adic's Integer sequences Math constants Large numbers ∞ Infinity
 * Nominals, Ordinals

{$$\mathbb{Z}, 1/2 , 1/3 , 1/4 $$ etc.}
 * scratch

 * Constants list

π - e - √2 - √3 - γ - φ - β* - δ - α - C2 - M1 - B2 - B4 - Λ - K - K - K - B´L - μ - - EB - Ω - β - λ - D(1) - λμ - Cah. - Lap. - A-G - Λ - K-L - Apr. - θ - Bac. - Prt. - Lb. - Niv. - Sie. - Kin. - F - L

Suggestion for template:Numbers
Please find below my suggestion for rearranging the template. The changes I've made are the following:
 * for naturals, I specified 1/2, 1/3,2/3,1/4 etc. according to "normal" notation
 * I've tried to arrange the list of elementary better according to quantity. I´m not sure about the right positioning of computable and split-complex numbers
 * I removed i and Tr from the real numbers - I don't think they belong there.
 * I removed a dual entry/link for real numbers (reals)
 * I added the transfinite numbers to the list
 * pi, i, and e were moved to the last section. They are the basic symbols of geometry, complex numbers, and logarithms, respectively (and elements of the famous Euler equation)
 * I tried to find a proper heading for the last section. Improvements may be found.
 * and, finally, a small amount of editing

Please have the list inspected by a mathematician - I'm just an informed amateur :-).

Kind regards, Sir48 (Denmark)

PS! I entered the existing template to the left for easy comparison.

 * Thanks! I was moving it to the right, just as you were moving it left. Thanks again, Ive incorporated your suggestions into the list above, and am working on making small images in place of the larger math formula renderings. Size is a factor. :) -SV|t 00:55, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Understandable :) Came to think about imaginary numbers again. I added them to the list. Some might argue that "imaginary numbers" don´t exist, the precise entity being: The imaginary part of a complex number. Regards Sir48 (Denmark)

 * I couldn't resist moving imaginary numbers to their proper place. Also, I changed the exemplification of rationals to make the template smaller. Regards Sir48 (Denmark)

T for transcendentals??
I object vigurously to the BBB 'T' for transcendentals, at least(!) 99% of all mathematicians would recognize this instantly as the torus and never think of transcendentals (btw, this symbol isn't even mentioned on the corresponding page). — MFH: Talk 22:10, 12 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Let's see if anyone complains when I remove it. Algebraist 15:49, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

Template too big
The current template crowds out the article for the first screen and a half on my usual browser screen size: this is too big. The usual use of these templates is to indicate an article series that one thinks the reader might read in chronological order. I propose that the current template be used to seed a wikiportal on number (there is Wikiportal/Mathematics already), and a much more condensed template be written from scratch. --- Charles Stewart 5 July 2005 22:14 (UTC)

imaginary
shouldn't the imaginary unit be rendered $$i$$? — Omegatron 20:14, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Move template:Numbers into category:Numbers ?
Would it be a good idea to move all links that are contained in the template:Numbers into additional text on category:Numbers? This would allow to add some more text around the individual links, and the template wouldn't show-up at so many other places. There are some other concerns about this template, I have written some in Category_talk:Numbers. Thanks, Jens Koeplinger 16:58, 20 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry about my confusion, I'm still getting familiar with categories, templates, and articles. I meant to update the article Number. There appears to be some consensus, but I want to double check. Thanks, Jens Koeplinger 17:03, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Reorder
While I agree that the template is too big, I did some reordering, because some of the types were obviously not under the right caption. The template should really be compactified somehow. ... But how? Anyway, for now the types are at least under some better category, hopefully. Thanks, Jens Koeplinger 01:38, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Numbers


text:
Tortuga Island

Tortuga, Tortuga Isle, or Tortuga Island may refer to:

 * Tortuga (Haiti), a Caribbean island that forms part of Haiti
 * La Tortuga Island, Venezuela, an uninhabited island in the Caribbean Sea
 * Tortuga Island (Galapagos), Ecuador, an uninhabited island in the Galapagos Archipelago
 * Tortuga Island, Baja California Sur, Mexico, a volcanic island in the Gulf of California
 * Tortuga Island, Peru, a small island in Department of Ancash, Peru
 * Dry Tortugas, a group of islands in the Florida Keys in the United States
 * Dry Tortugas National Park, a national park consisting of Fort Jefferson and the Dry Tortugas
 * Isla Tortuguero, an island in Costa Rica
 * La Tortue, Saint Barthélemy, a small island in the French Caribbean
 * Tortuga Isle, a safe haven for fugitive pirates, featured prominently in Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003)
 * Las Tortugas, the name given by Christopher Columbus to Little Cayman and Cayman Brac

title: Tortuga Island


text:
Antoni Grabowski

Antoni Grabowski (11 June 1857 – 4 July 1921) was a Polish chemical engineer, and an activist of the early Esperanto movement. His translations had an influential impact on the development of Esperanto into a language of literature.

Education and career
Grabowski was born in Nowe Dobra, a village 10 km northeast of Chełmno, in the Kingdom of Prussia. Soon after his birth, the family moved from Nowe Dobra to Thorn, Prussia (now Toruń, Poland). Due to his parents' poverty, Grabowski had to start working soon after leaving elementary school. Nevertheless, he prepared himself, driven by a great desire to learn, to take the entrance exam for grammar school (Gymnasium), which he passed with flying colours. At the Copernicus School in Thorn, after demonstrating a knowledge far exceeding others of his age, he twice skipped a grade. In 1879, the family's financial situation improved and, after his Abitur exam, Grabowski studied philosophy and natural science at the University of Breslau in Breslau (now Wrocław).

After graduation he worked as a practical chemical engineer in Zawiercie and in locations which now are part of the Czech Republic, and finally as manager of a textile factory in Ivanovo-Voznesensk, 250 km north-east of Moscow.

Meanwhile, he continued his in-depth studies into chemical problems. He was known among experts in the field throughout Europe for a multitude of inventions and technological innovations. Grabowski published many articles, including some describing his inventions, in the journals Chemik Polski ("Polish Chemist") and Przegląd Techniczny ("Technical Survey"). During this time he translated a standard chemistry textbook by Ira Remsen from English to Polish. Later Grabowski was appointed to a commission tasked with drawing up Polish technical terminology. A few years later (1906) he published his Słownik chemiczny, the first Polish chemical dictionary.

Disappointment with Volapük
Even at the university, Grabowski had developed a far-reaching literary interest, joining the Slavic Literary Society (Towarzystwo Literacko-Słowianskie). His endeavour was in no way limited to Polish language and literature; gradually he learnt a considerable number of languages and became a true polyglot. Apart from his mother tongue, he was eventually able to speak nine additional languages and passively to use at least another 15. With his linguistic background, Grabowski also became interested in the idea of an international language. Having learned Volapük, he decided to visit Johann Schleyer, the author of this language project. Seeing that even Schleyer himself was unable to speak Volapük fluently and that Grabowski and Schleyer had been forced to converse in German instead, Grabowski formed the conclusion that Volapük was unsuitable for everyday use. After this disappointment, Grabowski gave up his work on Volapük but maintained an active interest in the idea of an international planned language.

Esperanto and literature
In 1887 he studied the booklet Dr. Esperanto's International Language: Introduction & Complete Grammar, published in the same year by Ludwik L. Zamenhof, which outlined Zamenhof's ambitious language project— soon to become known by the name Esperanto. Impressed by the transparent structure of Esperanto and by its capacity for expression which, he thought, could be picked up astonishingly quickly, Grabowski traveled to Warsaw to visit Zamenhof, where the two held the first oral conversation in Esperanto.

Like Zamenhof, Grabowski understood the important influence of literature on the development of languages, and especially for Esperanto, which by then was on the way to changing from a language project into a language which would be fully functional in all areas of life. Grabowski was already working on this: in 1888 he published La Neĝa Blovado, his translation of Pushkin's Russian short story Метель, known in English variously as The Blizzard and as The Snowstorm; followed in 1889 by La Gefratoj, his translation of Goethe's German one-act play Die Geschwister (1776), known in English both as Brother and Sister and as The Siblings — to name just his first two Esperanto publications.

During the early 1890s, Grabowski became unsatisfied by the slow spread of Esperanto. Believing that "imperfections" in the language were responsible for the slow pace, he pleaded for reform. In a vote among Esperantists that took place in 1894, however, he voted against changes to the language. For a number of years he worked on a planned language of his own he called "Modern Latin", advising his friend Edgar de Wahl during the early creation of his language Occidental to give up the search to find regularity in naturalistic auxiliary languages and join him on his purely naturalistic project instead. Not long after, however, he gave up on the idea and adhered to the basic principles of Esperanto as originally espoused by Zamenhof, the so-called Fundamento de Esperanto.

Grabowski was a longstanding president of the Warsaw Esperanto Society, founded in 1904, and of the Polish Esperanto Society, founded in 1908. In the same year he became director of the Grammar section of the Esperanto Academy. He published articles and gave lectures on Esperanto and organized Esperanto language courses.

In the years 1908–1914 Grabowski was in charge of the first Esperanto courses for a few schools in Warsaw. In an article in 1908 he described what he saw as the exceptional suitability of Esperanto as an introduction to language learning (see Propedeutic value of Esperanto), demonstrating with concrete examples the extent to which learning Esperanto as one's first foreign language would improve the learning of French and Latin, a claim which seemed inconceivable to the public of that time.

The anthology El Parnaso de Popoloj ("From The Parnassus Of The Peoples"), published in 1913, contained 116 poems representing 30 languages and cultures. Six of the poems were originally composed in Esperanto. The remaining 110 were translated into Esperanto from other languages.

World War I separated Grabowski from his family, who had fled to Russia. Ill and isolated, he remained behind in Warsaw, where he busied himself in translating the Polish national epic Pan Tadeusz by Adam Mickiewicz. While working on his translation, which was precisely faithful to the original form, he put the latent potential of the planned language to the test, thereby giving significant impetus to the further development of Esperanto poetry.

Suffering from a chronic heart condition but unable to afford the necessary medical treatment, he lived at that time in oppressive poverty, and when his family returned after the end of the war, his body had become almost emaciated. Nevertheless, he continued his work on Esperanto until his death in Warsaw, from a heart attack, in 1921.

title: Antoni Grabowski


text:
Talk:Amagasaki

Untitled
There is another article about this city. Not good! 130.237.168.168 10:57, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

About Industries
I will remove some less notable or unsourced events from the list and put them here. Feelfree to discuss. I have rough criteria in mind, but typing them would be too long. The years are missing from the copied elements.

Panasonic Amagasaki Plant, one of large scale Plasma TV product location in the world.

Also, ductile iron pipe product company of Kubota, diesel engine product company of Yanmar, pharmaceutical company of Shionogi, confectionery company of Kotobuki and Morinaga, boiler and enviroment plant company of Takuma, Sumitomo Metal Industries, Sumitomo Precision Products, Furukawa Electric Work, Mitsubishi Electric, Nisshin Steel, Asahi Glass, Sekisui are plant location in Amagasaki. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 219.23.5.48 (talk) 14:53, 9 July 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Amagasaki


text:
RAF Air Support Command

Air Support Command of the Royal Air Force was formed on 1 August 1967 by the redesignation of Transport Command. Its change of name reflected the change of emphasis of the Command from solely transporting materials and manpower around the world to providing general support to RAF operations around the world.

The result of this broader role meant that Air Support Command, unlike its predecessor Transport Command, possessed strike aircraft such as Hawker Hunters. With the contraction of the RAF, it only lasted a short time as a command, and it was absorbed into Strike Command on 1 September 1972 forming No. 38 Group and No. 46 Group within Strike Command. The former was designated as a tactical support and the latter as a strategic support group.

Order of Battle: April 1972 - HQ at Upavon
 * RAF Andover
 * No. 21 Squadron RAF - Devon, Pembroke
 * RAF Benson
 * Queen's Flight - Andover, Chipmunk, Heron & Whirlwind
 * RAF Brize Norton
 * No. 10 Squadron RAF - VC10
 * No. 53 Squadron RAF - Belfast
 * No. 99 Squadron RAF - Britannia
 * No. 511 Squadron RAF - Britannia
 * No. 241 Operational Conversion Unit RAF - Belfast, Britannia & VC10
 * RAF Coningsby
 * No. 228 Operational Conversion Unit RAF - Phantom
 * RAF Lyneham
 * No. 216 Squadron RAF - Comet
 * RAF Northolt
 * No. 32 Squadron RAF - Andover, Dominie, Basset & Whirlwind
 * RAF Odiham
 * No. 240 Operational Conversion Unit RAF - Puma & Wessex
 * RAF Thorney Island
 * No. 242 Operational Conversion Unit RAF - Andover & Hercules
 * RAF Wittering
 * No. 233 Operational Conversion Unit RAF - Harrier

Commanders in Chief
Commanders-in-Chief included:
 * 1 August 1967 - Air Marshal Sir Thomas Prickett
 * 1 July 1968 - Air Marshal Sir Lewis Hodges
 * 1 October 1970 - Air Marshal Sir Harry Burton

title: RAF Air Support Command


text:
User:MyNameIsNotBob

Hi! My name is Adrian, I come from NSW, Australia.

For details on contributions see User:MyNameIsNotBob/Contributions

My Computer
I own a Sony Vaio PCG-K64. It has a Celeron 2.8GHz processor with 512MB of RAM. It is my own private computer although it is occasionly borrowed by family members for high-processor intensive work. I bought it primarily because it featured excellent multimedia support. I would now buy a bottom-line Powerbook.

I currently dual-boot Windows XP and Linux, specifically Ubuntu (v5.04). I use Ubuntu because it is user-friendly and runs my wi-fi PCMCIA card from D-Link out of the box.

 * Comment by Dylan1166: Your computer sounds awesome. I want to run a Linux computer but I just can't get one set up correctly!**

Other temp pages: User:MyNameIsNotBob/physicshistory

Wikipedia
Wow! My user page has now been vandalised 9 times!

This was my 1000th edit >> (updating the above count)

Current Projects

 * History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church
 * History sections on the following sites:
 * Sanitarium Health Food Company
 * Avondale College

title: User:MyNameIsNotBob


text:
Posedarje

Posedarje (, Possedaria) is a municipality in Zadar County of Croatia with 3,607 inhabitants (2011 census).

title: Posedarje


text: User talk:69.161.13.28

title: User talk:69.161.13.28


text: User talk:Dubaduba~enwiki/test

title: User talk:Dubaduba~enwiki/test


text:
Vilgot Sjöman

David Harald Vilgot Sjöman (2 December 1924 – 9 April 2006) was a Swedish writer and film director. His films deal with controversial issues of social class, morality, and sexual taboos, combining the emotionally tortured characters of Ingmar Bergman with the avant garde style of the French New Wave. He is best known as the director of the films 491 (1964), I Am Curious (Yellow) (in Swedish, "Jag är nyfiken – gul") (1967), and I Am Curious (Blue) ("Jag är nyfiken – blå") (1968), which stretched the boundaries of acceptability of what could then be shown on film, deliberately treating their subjects in a provocative and explicit manner.

Career
Sjöman was born in Stockholm, in a working-class family. His father, Anders W. Sjöman, was a builder; his mother was Mandis Pettersson. Sjöman became a clerk with a cereal company aged 15, but passed his studentexamen in 1945 and studied at the later Stockholm University. He then worked in a prison while writing plays (none of which were produced). One play became his first novel, The Teacher ("Lektorn") (1955), which was filmed in 1952 by Gustaf Molander as Defiance ("Trots").

After taking up a scholarship to study film at UCLA in 1956, Sjöman worked with George Seaton on The Proud and Profane. He returned to Sweden, and wrote a study of Hollywood, In Hollywood ("I Hollywood") in 1961. Sjöman directed his first film in 1962, The Mistress ("Älskarinnan"), with a cast that included regular actors for Ingmar Bergman such as Bibi Andersson and Max von Sydow, showing a young woman in love with two men, one older and the other younger. For her role, Andersson won the Silver Bear for Best Actress award at the 13th Berlin International Film Festival. He assisted Ingmar Bergman with his 1963 film, Winter Light ("Nattvardsgästerna").

Sjöman's second film, 491, from 1964, is based on a novel by Lars Görling and deals with the issues of homosexuality and juvenile delinquency; it includes a scene in which a girl is raped, off-screen, by a dog. His fourth film, My Sister My Love (Syskonbädd 1782), from 1966, again starred Bibi Andersson and is based on 'Tis Pity She's a Whore, a 17th-century play by John Ford about incest between twins, a brother and sister.

His most well-known film, I Am Curious (Yellow), was a political film that examined Swedish society from a critical, leftist viewpoint, portraying a young working-class sociology student, played by Lena Nyman, interviewing people about social classes in Sweden. Filmed in a knowing cinéma vérité style, she asks, "Do we have a class system in Sweden?" and receives the reply, "It depends on the people. Undress them, and they're all the same; dress them, and you have a class system." The film also shows the protagonist's affair with a young man, played by Börje Ahlstedt, and sparked controversy both in Sweden and abroad because of its nudity and realistic scenes of sexual intercourse between the two lovers. Rex Reed said the movie was "vile and disgusting" and Sjöman was "a very sick Swede with an overwhelming ego and a fondness for photographing pubic hair", but Norman Mailer described it as "one of the most important pictures I have ever seen in my life".

An 11-minute section was cut by the British censor, and copies of the film were seized by U.S. Customs in January 1968 as obscene, and banned as pornography in most of the United States. After the US Supreme Court overturned the anti-obscenity ban on First Amendment grounds, the film was screened from March 1969 in US venues—one in New York City, and another one in New Jersey. Also screen in Oklahoma City Oklahoma March 1969. However, the controversy surrounding the film guaranteed it large audiences, and it became and remained the most successful foreign film in the US for the next 23 years. Its title, and that of the 1968 sequel, I Am Curious (Blue), refers to the yellow and blue colours of the flag of Sweden. It marked a turning point in attitudes to censorship of screen nudity, and was followed by films such as Midnight Cowboy and Last Tango in Paris.

Sjöman returned to similar themes in later films. He directed Till Sex Do Us Part in 1971, a farce about a young married couple who believe they will die if they have sex, but most of his later films were less successful. His 1974 film A Handful of Love won the awards for Best Film and Best Director at the 10th Guldbagge Awards.

He directed his last film in 1995, a biography of Alfred Nobel, inventor, industrialist, and founder of the Nobel Prizes, entitled Alfred.

He died at age 81 from a cerebral haemorrhage in St. Görans Sjukhus in Stockholm, leaving behind his wife of 37 years and three children.

Shortly after his death, a Swedish appeal court upheld a ruling that Swedish television broadcaster TV4 had damaged his and fellow director Claes Eriksson's "artistic integrity" by inserting commercial breaks into broadcasts of their films without their consent. He had been awarded the Ingmar Bergman Prize in 2003 for pursuing this court case.

Director

 * The Mistress (Älskarinnan) (1962)
 * Ingmar Bergman Makes a Movie (Ingmar Bergman gör en film) (1963)
 * The Dress (Klänningen) (1964)
 * 491 (1964)
 * Negressen i skåpet (1965, Short)
 * My Sister My Love (Syskonbädd 1782) (1966)
 * Stimulantia (1967)
 * I Am Curious (Yellow) (Jag är nyfiken – en film i gult) (1967)
 * I Am Curious (Blue) (Jag är nyfiken – en film i blått) (1968)
 * You're Lying (Ni ljuger) (1969)
 * Journey with Father (Resa med far) (1969, Short)
 * Blushing Charlie (Lyckliga skitar) (1970)
 * Till Sex Do Us Part (Troll) (1971)
 * Älskade Jeanette MacDonald! (1972, Short)
 * Bröderna Karlsson (1974)
 * A Handful of Love (En handfull kärlek) (1974)
 * The Garage (Garaget) (1975)
 * Taboo (Tabu) (1975)
 * Linus and the Mysterious Red Brick House (Linus eller Tegelhusets hemlighet) (1979)
 * Brevet till Lotta (1979, Short)
 * Lekhagen (1980, Short)
 * I Am Blushing (Jag rodnar) (1981)
 * Malacca (1987)
 * En flicka kikar i ett fönster (1987)
 * Oskuld och sopor (1988)
 * The Pitfall (Fallgropen) (1989)
 * En ros till Ingemar (1989, Short)
 * Mannen i buren (1990, Short)
 * Self Portrait '92 (1992, Short)
 * Alfred (1995)

Actor

 * I Am Curious (Yellow) (Jag är nyfiken – en film i gult) (1967) - Vilgot Sjöman
 * I Am Curious (Blue) (Jag är nyfiken – en film i blått) (1968) - Vilgot Sjöman
 * Shame (1968) - TV-intervjuaren
 * You're Lying (Ni ljuger) (1969) - Film director (uncredited)
 * Till Sex Do Us Part (Troll) (1971) - Man (final film role)

title: Vilgot Sjöman


text:
Barachois

A barachois is a term used in Atlantic Canada, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Réunion and Mauritius to describe a coastal lagoon partially or totally separated from the ocean by a sand or shingle bar. Sometimes the bar is constructed of boulders, as is the case at Freshwater Bay near St. John’s, Newfoundland. Salt water may enter the barachois during high tide.

The bar often is formed as a result of sediment deposited in the delta region of a river or – as is the case in Miquelon – by a tombolo.

Name
The English term comes from the French language, where the word is pronounced.

The term comes from a Basque word, barratxoa, meaning little bar. The popular derivation from the French barre à choir is without historical merit.

In Newfoundland English, the word has become pronounced as barshwa.

Examples

 * Dark Harbour, Grand Manan, New Brunswick (photo)
 * Barachois de Malbaie on the tip of the Gaspé Peninsula, fed by one of two Malbaie Rivers in Quebec and the Beattie, du Portage, and Murphy Rivers
 * Grand Barachois, Miquelon Island
 * Grand-Barachois, in Westmorland County, New Brunswick
 * Barachois Pond Provincial Park in western Newfoundland
 * Big Barasway and Little Barasway, communities on Newfoundland's Cape Shore
 * Prince Edward Island National Park has several examples
 * Percival Bay, off the Northumberland Strait, is also known as the Big Barachois
 * The coves in the lagoon of Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean
 * Topsail Beach Provincial Park, Topsail
 * Former settlement of Freshwater, near St John's, Newfoundland.
 * Great Barachois, near Petit-de-Grat, Nova Scotia

title: Barachois


text:
Arava

Arava or Aravah is the Hebrew name of a section of the Great Rift Valley between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba/Eilat in Israel and Jordan. Its Arabic name is Arabah.

Arava may also refer to:

Places

 * Arava, Estonia, a village in Anija Parish, Harju County, Estonia
 * Arava(h) / Araba(h) Valley-related:
 * Arava Stream, an intermittent stream
 * Sea of Arava, the Dead Sea

Other uses

 * Arava Valley-related:
 * Arava Institute for Environmental Studies, an Israeli study programme
 * Arava Power Company, an Israeli solar energy company
 * Arava spider, a huntsman spider found in the southern Arava Valley of Israel and Jordan
 * IAI Arava, a plane manufactured by Israel Aircraft Industries
 * Arava, a brand name for the antirheumatic drug leflunomide
 * Arava Shahaf (born 1990), Israeli female footballer
 * Aravah (Sukkot), a willow branch, one of the four species used on the Jewish holiday of Sukkot

title: Arava