text:
User talk:Hawstom/Archive4

The crazy one
Hello, I am the crazy one who came up with the voting system at the bottom of Talk:Hubbert Peak, but I would like you to know, I have created a project page, which will eventually be renamed. That said, I invite you and others to join the project and begin editing the page, I started the page, but there has to be active discussion about the contents There still are the talk pages, to-do list, review board pages, and forums to set up. I invite you to come along and help at: WikiProject Energy Related Development by Civilizations. Ignore the inuse sign, thats just a greeting. Since you have been around here quite a while, I especially want your input if possible. -- 19:43, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC) <--Have to fix this.

Watchtower NPOV
Tom,

Greetings and salutations! Two individuals are having difficulty agreeing on some content on the Watchtower page. (JW mag) could you please provide some assistance? I am sure your illustrious presence would be of great benefit. george 14:44, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Tom,

I just wanted to thank you for your reasonableness on the Watchtower page and for helping us to refocus on NPOV. Your opinions and experience have been very valuable. cairoi 17:40, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I see!
Welcome to Wikipedia anyway! :)) Take a quick look at my TalkPage. I will leave it there. 8)))) ---Rednblu | Talk 07:21, 9 Jan 2005 (UTC)

JW section deleted due to slant
Tom, on Dec 27, 2004 you wrote:

 * And to the JW's a merry life! I really reaaaallly really think the content of the  above needs to be in this article.  Can somebody edit it to be more sympathetic and positive and add it back in? Tom - Talk 18:20, Dec 27, 2004 (UTC)

I wrote a detailed commentary in reference to the content in question. Did you ever read it? As far as I can tell you never responded. I'd hate to think I took all that time to address your request for nothing. Just in case I've pasted my commentary below. Cheers, --DannyMuse 08:17, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Tom, no can do. This content is really problematic. What isn't wrong is poorly worded. The little bit that is left is already in the article and/or linked articles!!!

 * But in the spirit of full-disclosure, here's a point-by-point for you:

 * TEXT: The local congregation of Jehovah Witnesses most often seen in an [sic] neighbourhood is called a Kingdom Hall.

 * COMMENT: Kingdom Halls are buildings, congregations are made up of people. Poor wording aside, these points are already covered. In addition to the references to Kingdom Halls in the various articles related to JWs, there is even a separate article for just this subject! (See linked article). There is a nice description of Congregations in the Organizational structure of Jehovah's Witnesses article.

 * TEXT: The main governing Body of Jehovah [sic] Witnesses with "absolute power" is Headquartered in Brooklyn, New York.

 * COMMENT: The worldwide headquarters of Jehovah's Witnesses IS in Brooklyn, NY. There is a nice description of the Governing Body in the Organizational structure of Jehovah's Witnesses article. That "absolute power" stuff is nonsense. Only God has absolute power. One can only guess at what this is supposed to mean. I don't guess.

 * TEXT: This is called the Watchtower".

 * COMMENT: What is the "This" to which the editor is referring? None of the nouns in the previous sentence are called "Watchtower" by JWs.

 * TEXT: Their governing Body is lead by a president and a group of men known as "The Governing Body".

 * COMMENT: Besides the fact that this sentence is confusingly worded it's also not accurate. Only legal entities have presidents. Again, I refer you to the description of the Governing Body in the Organizational structure of Jehovah's Witnesses article. Also see the Legal instruments subsection in the same article.

 * TEXT: This group oversees every aspect of the organization including the material that is written for the periodicals and the study books.

 * COMMENT: This is more-or-less true and is approximately how it is already described under the Governing Body section of the Organizational structure of Jehovah's Witnesses article. Are you noticing a trend here?

 * TEXT: "The Watchtower" claim that they are an organization directed by God.

 * COMMENT: Strictly speaking, The Watchtower is a magazine. Last time I checked, inanimate objects can neither make claims nor are they "an organization". If the editor meant the "The Watchtower Bible and Tract Society" (WTB&TS) then he should have said so. But then he'd still be wrong. The WTB&TS is one of several corporations (legal instruments) that are in use by Jehovah's Witnesses. They deal with legal issues and represent the interests of the religious organization.

 * Worldwide, Jehovah's Witnesses are called "Jehovah's Witnesses" in their local language. This worldwide Christian religion does claim that they are an organization directed by God. This point is implied in the first sentence of the intro to the main JW article. Perhaps it could be more explicitly stated somewhere. Suggestions?

 * TEXT: Since 1931, the name for Jehovah Witnesses has been officially "The Watchtower Bible and Tract Society".

 * COMMENT: No, since 1931, the name for Jehovah Witnesses has been "Jehovah Witnesses". This point is already made in the Origins section of the main JW article. In every country and land on earth we are known by that name in the local language. The Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania was founded in 1881. So we have some serious date confusion here!

 * TEXT: Some refer to it as just "the Society".

 * COMMENT: This is true, but it is a relatively unimportant bit of JW slang. Is it really appropriate to an encyclopedic entry? I think not.

 * TEXT: Their legal name is: the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania.

 * COMMENT: Similar to points discussed above. This point and related topics are more fully and accurately discussed in both the Legal instruments of Jehovah's Witnesses and Organizational structure of Jehovah's Witnesses articles.

 * So when you sort through it all there are only two new points for possible addition to the article:

 * 1 - JWs claim that they are an organization directed by God.
 * 2 - JWs refer to the WTB&TS as "the Society" for short.

 * Again, I think the first point is already implicit in the article, but if you (or anyone else) think it's worthy of inclusion, then I'm all for it. (Don't most religions believe they are directed by God?) Where would you place it in the article and how should it be worded? Regarding the second point, as it is just a JW nickname for the WTB&TS, I don't see that it warrants inclusion in any of the WP articles. I have no objection to it, just don't see a reason for it.

 * I'm not trying to bite the newbies, or any other contributor for that matter. But if someone wants to add something, then they should have something to add, not just a re-hash of existing content thoughtlessly inserted whereever their cursor happens to land. Also, it should be accurate and meaningful. Finally, some thought to clarity of wording would be nice. I hope this helps! Oh, and thanks for the wishes for a merry life; sending the same back at you!!! --DannyMuse 19:19, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Tom, yeah thanks for deleting that inane comment of mine. Pretty childish. The "discussion" on the JW talk page has really degenerated, sorry to have contributed. Not one of my finer moments. --DannyMuse 15:20, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Credibility
Tom, about Wikipedia Credibility struggle: I guess you mean my ideas for approval mechanisms? It doesn't seem like the idea of approval mechanisms in general has enough momentum to go anywhere anytime soon.

But very tangential idea, which I haven't done myself yet, might be reviewing featured articles to see whether they are all still worthy. Maurreen 06:04, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Can you let me know if you get a response from Jimbo 00:40, 26 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I just found this page Wikipedia 1.0 and it has some recent discussions on credibility. Maurreen above is a contributor at times Trödel| talk 17:40, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I agree that there is too much process for my tastes there - I like the idea of stable articles being moved to a status where changes don't take place immediately and where there would be a "Premium Watchlist" for those pages. I also think that the user trust model needs to incorporate reduction of vandals through the use of uniqu IDs for AOL and other anonymizing IP services through the use of a cookie - no one knows your name but you are a unique user and responsible for your actions. Trödel| talk 19:51, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)

User trust proposal
Hi. If your proposal came up for a vote, I wouldn't vote against it. But I do see a couple of problems. One is the technical requirements. The fact that any technical changes are needed means that strong momentum would be required for this to happen. Another is that the hierarchy you describe (from anon to developer) is not tied only to trust. Maurreen 18:33, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Good luck, Tom. Maurreen 06:18, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I very much like this proposal. The problem I have seen is that controversial topics get a concensus and then later when the participants are not as active one POV creeps back in over time (or all at once). -Trodel 06:43, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the update - I saw the note on the Mailing list and started reading today during lunch - but will have to do it tonight after my Homeowner's Association Meeting. Trödel| talk 23:09, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Rename of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Can you please support the rename and requested move to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter=day Saints Requested moves Thx in Adv --Trodel 06:32, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for your two cents - the fact that the target page of the rename is just a redirect makes me even more jaded about the process for the move. I know that the community is very much stare decisis based, but it seems some are good at creating a history that justifies their position beyond the true one person one vote kind of rule that would make sense. And the allegation against me personally - that have gone unresponded when I asked for clarification - supports my thesis that it was motivated to make me look like I was cheating when I wasn't.

I will be using the redirect page per your suggestion (assuming that is not anti-wiki) and update the style guide accordingly but was hoping for at least a couple comments before I did.

Thanks again Trödel 23:32, 18 Jan 2005 (UTC) PS - I agree the fight is just not worth it.

Don't worry I won' get too jaded to contribute or become a Missing Wikipedians - just having my eyes opened a little. Trödel 16:15, 19 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Oil Alternatives vs. Energy Development
You recently asked for my input regarding discussion on Hubbert Peak. Firstly I haven't read all the details already discussed here. From what I can gather you are correct. Energy development is a good entry and more appropriate. Oil alternatives is misleading because it suggests there is an alternative when all things indicate there is no alternative. It is cheap oil and gas that allows people to over-exploit other resources including other energy sources. People rarely consider the net energy inputs that are needed for non-conventional or renewable energy sources. Renewable energy is another bad term since energy is never replaced only degraded to lower forms. Maybe any discussion of oil alternatives should go on the oil or hubbert peak pages. --Shiftchange 03:42, 23 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Reverts on Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
I take your point on that, and I had a moment's thought on it at the time. Butb on balance I felt that it was sufficiently badly written, and so overwhelmingly POV, that "revert first, salvage later" (since the material is still in any case accessible) was the speedier and better thing to do for the sake of article quality integrated over time... I'll be sure to keep an eye on myself, though. Alai 17:49, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)

JW page protected
Excuse me tom, If you look at the talk page Polemotheos has stepped out of the arena. I feel kind of bad about it because I was so pushy. I should have helped him out instead of fighting but, the page can probably be unprotected now. george 18:01, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Talk:Practices of Jehovah's Witnesses
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Visorstuff"

To give Tom some distance would mind giving some input to the Disfellowshipping discussion? Say, "Thank you Tom, for getting me into this!" :-) george 18:41, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Future of the LDSM project
We need to do lunch. Can we meet halfway to wherever you work? I think it is getting close to time to find some way for project members to get together real time outside of the talk pages (in person or on a call or chat) to talk about the direction of the project. The project has been cited as both a "mess" and an "good example" but we are still too POV. Can you bring this up on the project page too? I'm not suggesting a Project Symposium, but rather some time to do some good solid planning. Also, we need more non-LDS editors like Alai - their perspective is crucial to us in the future direction of the project. Perhaps during lunch we could hand pick some we'd liek to see join? I'll shoot you an email as well. -Visorstuff 19:16, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I left Wesley a note. -Visorstuff 17:54, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Black History
It doesn't appear that "Black History" is a category, and I was wondering if one should exist. I've been reading a book on the Underground Railroad, and have been amazed at how little I knew about it. Also, on NPR there was a show that talked about how little Black History is talked about, even during so-called Black History month (Feb). It seems to me that at least it should be a category to allow people to browse the topic. What do you think? How would I go about getting such a category created? What are the chances of it actually happening? Why is the sky blue? ;^) I'm sure I could have gone through "official" channels to figure out how to formally request it, but thought I would get a reality check from someone I knew.  Thanks!  wrp103 (Bill Pringle)  - Talk 20:03, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Mormons
Thanks for contacting me on my Talk page. I am fully aware that there are no connections between Quakers and Mormons (they are very very different); my edit was to show that both Mennonites and Quakers are pacific faiths, whereas Mormons do not embrace pacifism as a main core of their faith. If you believe that my edit muddies the water, please go right ahead and revert them or edit them to make them more clear. I'm going to take another look at what I wrote and see if I can clean it up. Thanks MicahMN | Talk 20:19, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Excellent point on the enumeration of things that are different between the groups. I was sort of thinking that explaining that there is the peace churches link between Quakers and Mennonites, that Mormons really don't fall into that category. I just thought that this would be the place to point out how completely different Mormons are from Quakers and Mennonites. You do make a good point, at what point do we stop? It is really an apples and oranges thing. Please feel free to edit it in the way you see fit. Frankly, I think that section needs to be completely re-written if you are up to the task. Cheers MicahMN | Talk 01:01, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Deseret alphabet
Need some intervention at Talk:Deseret_alphabet. We are having a definition problem. -Visorstuff 01:13, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Links for Newcomers
Do you have a set of links or a welcome message premade for giving to newcomers - I am helping out a buddy and searched for newcomer links but got so many hits I just didn't have the bandwidth to sort through them. TIA Trödel| talk 19:04, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks! Trödel| talk 02:04, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Comment on structure for Leadership callings Hi - I have set up a sample article on Bishops with a little bit of different format and was wondering if I could get some early feedback as to direction. Thx - Jim Trödel| talk 16:16, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Project Box
You mention that you are don't understand perfectly what I mean by proposing to maintain the project box. Since you are a more seasoned Wikipedian than me - I just want to make sure I understand what I am getting myself into. What questions do you have, or what do you think that volunteering to maintain the project box means. TIA Trödel| talk 11:24, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the explanation - I like the technical aspects of Mediawiki - the idea of the technology is so cool. Basically, the project box that appears at the top right of WikiProject Latter Day Saint movement can appear on any page by including the following (where vertically you want the task list to appear). Basically I am volunteering to keep that box up to date so that those that are working actively on the project can just monitor the project box for changes and requests rather than having to keep up with everything that is going on at the Project and Project talk pages. To include the box on any page on en.wikipedia.org just copy and paste the text in the box below onto the page you want to put it on (I put it at the top of this section so you could see it. Let me know if you need anything else).

I was thinking that you and I could coordinate so that if there are things that are of general concern they should get into the project box (plus I will watch for things that need to be added myself). If people that you are working with to make sure all topics on Mormonism get watched by someone (watchlist coverage) find an issue that needs broader attention and discussion I would add it to the project box. Let me know what you think Trödel| talk 22:22, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Vote comments
Every vote I've ever taken part in has had a section, or the option of creating a section, on the same page as the vote for comments relating to the vote. We should not break with tradition on project pages, and anyway it exposes more people to the relevant issues before they vote hastily. zen master   T  06:29, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Priesthood Correlation Program
Just made major revisions to Priesthood Correlation Program. Needs cleaning up - can you provide a second set of eyes? -Visorstuff 18:54, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

How bad was it after your first pass? Still needs work in my opinion, and it doesn't read very encyclopedic (tried to get a lot of examples so ya'll could see where I was going). Let me know if you get a chance, as i'm a bit dissapointed in my own work. -Visorstuff 23:06, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Anon Edits
or as you titled it The proper care and feeding of anons

Because I often don't have time to give an anon the proper care I created the template referenced above. You would use it by copying this text into the users talk page: or. I was hoping to get participants in the Latter Day Saint movement to use this when they revert edits. Can you add some comments there. Thx Trödel| talk 02:05, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Your suggestion, re: 74s181 sandbox and the Mormonism and Christianity article
I've tried to implement your suggestion on setting up a sandbox. I'd appreciate it if you could take a moment to look at it and see if I've set this up the right way, it is at User:74s181/Sandbox/Mormonism and Christianity.

Hi
Hi! Sorry for the delay, thanks for your comments and it's nice to make your acquaintance as well. I like your ideas at User:Hawstom/Wikipedia reputation, but I'll have to reread them when I'm less tired before I could make any coherent comments ;-) Cheers, — Matt Crypto 07:19, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)

List of purported cults
Tom, I admit to being sceptical at first about the taxonomy that you proposed on Talk:List of purported cults. But on reflection, and after adding dozens of cites for seven sources, I have come to believe that it is a good way of arranging the list. I did a fresh "sample run" and the groups fell into a fairly logical order. OK, so some should probably be removed entirely or treated separately, in particular Kim Jong Il (cult of personality) and Amway, Herbalife, etc (MLMs). And some groups need additional reference to be added in order to move them to the more correct tier. But it makes sense. While I've participated in expanding the taxonomy to 8 levels for discussion purposes, I expect that those can be conflated to perhaps three or four in the article itself. Anyway, thanks for your contributions to Wikipedia. Cheers, -Willmcw 11:14, Mar 11, 2005 (UTC)

Human
Tom, I have written a compromise version of the introduction, which retains that we are bipedal primates and great apes, but which also includes a reference to narratives about evolution on the one hand, and creation by a supreme being and possession of souls on the other. It is here. Your views would be most welcome. I also want to apologize if I have given the impression of seeming to dismiss your beliefs and concerns. That was not my intention, though reading over some of my posts, I fear I may have appeared to intend it. I am sorry. I hope the compromise suggestion may help to move things forward. Best, SlimVirgin 18:56, Mar 15, 2005 (UTC)

List of purported cults
Tom, we need your NPOV magic at List of purported cults. Thanks. --Zappaz 00:22, 22 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the useful comments, Tom. The article was placed on RfC yesterday. It will be nice if you could comment below the RfC summary and address the questions there. Talk:List_of_purported_cults. --Zappaz 19:56, 22 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Human "spirituality"! Would you believe it?
[Evolution as "fact"?] Wow! You are an insightful guy, Red. Hats off to you. Someday you and I ought to have a good discussion about this. But I fear I may not be much of a creationist, despite my burning spiritual reality. Heaven, yes. Spirit, yes. Eternity, yes. Creation, what do you mean when you say that? It's a loaded word. Tom Haws 06:44, Mar 15, 2005 (UTC)

 * 8)) You are very generous.  These are very interesting times, are they not?  I have been intrigued by the recent bigotry against "spirituality" on the Human page.  I guess each of us individually has a different route to discovering what is true.  I myself am discovering what a revolting and counter-intuitive concept NPOV is--particularly for those people who know in their heart with certainty unquestioned that Religion is wrong.  8))  ---Rednblu | Talk 12:00, 15 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Hope you two don't mind if I butt in here. Actually Rednblu, I think that NPOV is an unsurpassingly beautiful concept. It's just not being followed on the Talk:Human page. --Goethean 20:15, 18 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, hello, Goethean. Good to have you in all of the conversations on the many pages.  8))  I guess I wrote carelessly above without thinking enough how it would "sound."  I agree wholeheartedly with you--that 1) NPOV is an unsurpassingly beautiful concept and 2) NPOV is not being followed on the Talk:Human page.  The rest of what I said has some faulty Boolean logic.  8))  As you point out, obviously some people "who know in their heart with certainty unquestioned that Religion is wrong" are insisting that NPOV in its unsurpassingly beauty should be respected.  Would you agree?  ---Rednblu | Talk 00:11, 19 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * I think Rednblu's comment is a masterpiece, but it includes a lot of inside assumptions. Here is my commentary on what I think was a multi-faceted remark. 1) He, for one, is an atheist who "knows in heart with certainty unquestioned that religion is wrong". 2) At a gut level, he is discovering about how revolting (threatening?) NPOV can be when a person like him really immerses himself into arguing for the enemy.  3) From a detached level, he is preaching against those editors who refuse to immerse themselve in the unsurpassed beauty of NPOV as he has (and in this I am his inferior most certainly).  5) His remark in its whole says exactly what you, Goethean, said in a few words, that NPOV is a unsurpassedly beautiful concept.  But he goes further.  He suggests it has the fearsome power to change the human heart.  His remark is a keeper.  Tom Haws 19:52, Mar 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Hence the bitter resistance on Talk:Human. Interesting. --Goethean 20:01, 25 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Anon Welcome
Hi Tom - sorry I was out for a bit. I setup the LDS Welcome template for those that we have to reverse their edits. To use it all you need to do is type: Of course replace the page name reverted with the title of the actual page reverted and the Hawstom is the username for the person leaving the message so anyone can use it. Let me know if you have any other questions. Have a good day Trödel| talk 15:05, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)

You might look in on the conversation I am initiating at User talk:SlimVirgin
I am opening a gentle conversation on the User talk:SlimVirgin page. In my opinion, all of the personal questions are irrelevant. The real issue is the wide disparity of views of what NPOV actually means in practice--such as on the Human page. What do you think? ---Rednblu | Talk 23:22, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * That sounds fair. And valuable.  Tom Haws 03:40, Mar 30, 2005 (UTC)

The discussion is taking place on the User:SlimVirgin/Human page. ---Rednblu | Talk 01:55, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * The page is gone. Tom Haws 17:47, Mar 31, 2005 (UTC)

Sorry. You can visit the page on Deletion log at the entry for 23:56, 29 Mar 2005. Probably, the discussion should be in a more public arena anyway, such as on the NPOV page and on the No Original Research page. What do you think? ---Rednblu | Talk 18:10, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, of course. Tom Haws 19:31, Mar 31, 2005 (UTC)

Vegasbright
I've opened up a can of worms there, haven't I? That is fine. I was suprised at the disconnect on what I thought I was saying and how he interpreted it. I'll likely clean up his edits later this week, but don't think I'll respond much more to the editor at this point. Perhaps sporatically. Thoughts? -Visorstuff 20:57, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Disconnected thoughts:
 * This editor is a well-connected classic exmo, and if well groomed, could represent the beginning of a new resource for Wikipedia.
 * Has a hard time relating positively to TBMs, and sees you and me first as TBMs at this time. Only seasoning will allow him to see us wearing squarely our Wikipedia system administrator caps with the intersts of Wikipedia firmly in mind.
 * There must be at least some validity to his POV, but he needs to check it with other non-LDS editors.
 * Our edits are antagonizing him at this time, and I think both you and I should resolve not to touch his edits anymore. And this leads to a general principle.  When anons and new users show up with POVs we need to incorporate, but who are unfamiliar with our policies, we need to limit severely the number of times we personally edit them, similar to the 3 revert rule.  In this case, such a policy would have avoided Vegasbright's perception that you or I are on a personal POV campaign.  And in Vegasbright's future (should he continue) here, you and I should stand back for a good long while and urge other LDS editors to do the same.
 * -Tom Haws 15:59, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)

Completely agree. He could be a great source, but needs to show NPOV. In addition, his edits are sloppier than mine - spelling errors, disconnected thoughts and inferences where there is none to be made. For example, at Common_Latter-day_Saint_perceptions, Vegasbright wrote: "This continuing revelation is cited when massive doctrinal changes such as the temple endowment initiatory that took place on January 16'th, 2005." I hardly see the changes as "massive doctrinal changes," but rather a shift in how the ordinance is carried out - someone who hadn't been to do initiatories for over a year may not even notice the changes. And then there is the grammatical issues with the sentence. The sentence leads readers to believe that "temple endowment initiatory" is the change, not that there were changes to those ordinances. Again, his interpretation of official doctrines and polytheism is from a historical perspective, and I can understand many members of the Church being confused with that - so from cultural perspective it is fine. That said, I really like how he is discussing LDS culture. We have not addressed that yet, and should encourage it - as you say it is an untapped resource.

I really hope he talks to other editors about how his edits are being perceived. I think he is doing his "arguments" an unjustice by using such POV words. You are right, not touching his edits will help - and let the reader see it for what it is, as it is that obvious.

I know I tend to be cocky. I really need to cool off. Perhaps I'll go back to finishing my Hypocephalus article. I left one additional message for VB today - and will continue to dialoge with him as he requests, but will not go into the weeds with him. I hope he does help with the project, but from a less proselytory standpoint. -Visorstuff 17:04, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * What? The temple initiatory changed?  That does it; I am going to the Baha'i.  Or maybe I will just go to the temple and see.  p.s. I'm glad we are in agreement. p.p.s.  I said Wikipedia; in the exmo context should I have said the Worg? p.p.p.s.  Nice olive leaf to VB.  I hope he accepts.  Tom Haws 17:24, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)

Also, nice to know that he seems to get in heated exchanges with more than just Mormons - he's been critical of Anti-Mormons as well. I just hope we can work with him in a constructive manner to improve Wikipedia. Hope he accepts too. -Visorstuff 19:13, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Columbia SEAS.GIF
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BetacommandBot 02:29, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hawstom/Archive4


text:
Azerbaijani Social Democratic Party

The Azerbaijani Social Democratic Party (Azərbaycan Sosial Demokrat Partiyası, ASDP) was an Azerbaijani secularist and a social democratic political party led by the former President of Azerbaijan Ayaz Mutalibov. At the elections held on 5 November 2000 and 7 January 2001, the party won less than 1% of popular vote and failed to gain seats in the parliament.

On 4 April 2023, after the adoption of the new law "On political parties" in Azerbaijan and the death of party chairman Araz Alizadeh, the party announced its dissolution.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Azerbaijani Social Democratic Party


text:
Azerbaijan Democrat Party

The Azerbaijan Democrat Party (Azərbaycan Demokrat Partiyası), also known as ADP, is a conservative political party in Azerbaijan.

History
The Azerbaijan Democrat Party was established on January 26, 1991, by the participants of 27 persons. On October 17, it was registered by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. It was registered by the Ministry of Justice of Azerbaijan Republic on March 14, 1993, after the adoption a new law about political parties. Later in the same year, the headquarters of the party was moved into the city of Baku. Sardar Jalaloglu was elected as a party leader at the first Congress of ADP and remained a sole leader of the ADP between 1994 and 1996. In order to prevent the participation of ADP in the parliament election, the Ministry of Justice, by political request, cancelled the registration of the party illegally on September 1, 1995. As a result of five years intensive and continues struggle, and by the pressure of international organizations and diplomatic corpus to the government, the Justice Ministry had to reregister ADP again.

Integration
ADP is a leader and pioneer of integration in the history of Azerbaijan’s political life. On March 30, 1996, under the leadership of Ilyas Ismayilov - the former General Prosecutor and Chairman of “Adalat” (Justice) Party in 1998, under the leadership of ex-speaker of Azerbaijani parliament Rasul Guliyev’s “International Fond of Democracy and Ecology”, Democratic Azerbaijan Party; in 2000 the Democratic Path Party joined to ADP. The first time in the history of Azerbaijan’s political life, five members of the dominant governing party YAP (NAP) in Milli Majlis (Parliament) and one neutral member joined to ADP between 1998 and 1999.

Conference
First Conference – 25.04.1992, Nakhchivan Second Conference - 28.07.1993, Baku Third Conference - 23.01.1994, Baku Sixth (Unification) Conference - 29.11.1998, Baku Seventh Emergency Conference - 22.06.2003, Baku

Congress
1- First Congress – 07.08.1994, Baku

2- Second (emergency) Congress - 10.09.1995, Baku

3- Third extraordinary (unification) and

4- Four (unification) Congress - 30.03.1996, Baku

5- Third (extraordinary) Congress - 25.04.1998, Baku

8- Eighth Congress – 23.04.2005, Baku

9- Ninth Congress – 27.05.2005, Baku

Political Council
Those represented in the leadership of the ADP

Chairman – Sardar Jalaloglu Deputy Chairman – Hasret Rustemov Deputy Election and Legistilation – Taliyet Aliyev Deputy Section of Analysis and Information – Nureddin İsmayılov Deputy Organizational Department – Reshid Mensurov Deputy Finance and Agriculture – Zakir Huseynov Deputy of Section of Works with Women – Nazila Soltan Secretary of High Majlis – Vaqif Shirinov The Chairman of the Central Control-Inspection Commission - Bahruz Mammedov

Deputy Chairman on Youth Affairs -

The deputies of the party's youth organization working with young people

Deputy Director of Public Relations – Azer Sadikhov

Deputy Organizational Department – Osman Ahmadov

Deputy of Press and Information – İlham Haziyev

Deputy chairman of the electoral and legal issues - Elshan Shakhbazov

title: Azerbaijan Democrat Party


text:
Belgium at the 1980 Summer Olympics

Belgium competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Russian SFSR, USSR. In partial support of the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics, Belgium competed under the Olympic Flag instead of its national flag. 59 competitors, 43 men and 16 women, took part in 51 events in 10 sports.

Gold

 * Robert Van de Walle — Judo, men's half-heavyweight (95 kg)

Archery
In Belgium's third appearance in the modern archery competition, the nation was represented by two men, including 1972 and 1976 Olympic veteran Robert Cogniaux.

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Robert Cogniaux — 2414 points (→ 9th place)
 * Willy van den Bossche — 2384 points (→ 17th place)

Athletics
Men's 400 metres
 * Fons Brijdenbach
 * Eddy De Leeuw
 * Jacques Borlée

Men's 5,000 metres
 * Emiel Puttemans
 * Alex Hagelsteens

Men's 10,000 metres
 * Alex Hagelsteens
 * Heat — 29:47.6 (→ did not advance)

Men's Marathon
 * Karel Lismont
 * Final — 2:13:27 (→ 9th place)
 * Mark Smet
 * Final — 2:16:00 (→ 13th place)
 * Rik Schoofs
 * Final — 2:17:28 (→ 18th place)

Men's 4×400 metres Relay
 * Eddy de Leeuw, Danny Roelandt, Rik Vandenberghe, and Fons Brijdenbach
 * Heat — did not finish (→ did not advance)

Men's High Jump
 * Guy Moreau
 * Qualification — 2.21 m
 * Final — 2.18 m (→ 14th place)

Men's Pole Vault Women's 200 metres
 * Patrick Desruelles
 * Qualification — no mark (→ did not advance)
 * Karin Verguts
 * Lea Alaerts

Women's 400 metres
 * Rosine Wallez
 * Anne Michel

Women's 800 metres
 * Anne-Marie Van Nuffel
 * Heat — 2:00.1
 * Semifinals — 2:02.0 (→ did not advance)

Men's 4×400 metres Relay
 * Lea Alaerts
 * Regina Berg
 * Anne Michel
 * Rosine Wallez

Women's High Jump
 * Christine Soetewey
 * Qualification — 1.88 m
 * Final — 1.85 m (→ 12th place)

Cycling
Twelve cyclists represented Belgium in 1980.

 * Individual road race
 * Luc De Smet
 * Jan Nevens
 * Ronald Van Avermaet
 * Jan Wijnants

 * Team time trial
 * Patrick du Chau
 * Marc Sergeant
 * Gerrit Van Gestel
 * Leo Wellens

 * 1000m time trial
 * Jan Blomme

 * Individual pursuit
 * Joseph Smeets

 * Team pursuit
 * Jan Blomme
 * Diederik Foubert
 * Jozef Simons
 * Joseph Smeets

Fencing
Three fencers, two men and one woman, represented Belgium in 1980.

 * Men's foil
 * Stéphane Ganeff
 * Thierry Soumagne

 * Men's épée
 * Stéphane Ganeff
 * Thierry Soumagne

 * Women's foil
 * Micheline Borghs

Swimming
Women's 800m Freestyle
 * Pascale Verbauwen
 * Final — 8.44,84 (→ 6th place)

Women's 100m Backstroke
 * Carine Verbauwen
 * Final — 1.03,82 (→ 5th place)

Women's 200m Backstroke
 * Yolande van der Straeten
 * Final — 2.15,58 (→ 5th place)
 * Carine Verbauwen
 * Final — 2.16,66 (→ 6th place)

Women's 100m Breaststroke
 * Brigitte Bosmans
 * Heats — 1:16.68 (→ did not advance)

Women's 400 m Individual Medley
 * Christel Fechner
 * Heats — 4:56.92 (→ did not advance)

Women's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay
 * Yolande van der Straeten, Brigitte Bosmans, Carine Verbauwen, and Pascale Verbauwen
 * Heats — 4.26,33 (→ did not advance)

title: Belgium at the 1980 Summer Olympics


text:
Hymenolepis nana

Dwarf tapeworm (Hymenolepis nana, also known as Rodentolepis nana, Vampirolepis nana, Hymenolepis fraterna, and Taenia nana) is a cosmopolitan species though most common in temperate zones, and is one of the most common cestodes (a type of intestinal worm or helminth) infecting humans, especially children.

Morphology
As its name implies (νᾶνος, nānos – dwarf), it is a small species, seldom exceeding 40 mm long and 1 mm wide. The scolex bears a retractable rostellum armed with a single circle of 20 to 30 hooks. The scolex also has four suckers, or a tetrad. The neck is long and slender, and the segments are wider than long. Genital pores are unilateral, and each mature segment contains three testes. After apolysis, gravid segments disintegrate, releasing eggs, which measure 30 to 47 μm in diameter. The oncosphere is covered with a thin, hyaline, outer membrane and an inner, thick membrane with polar thickenings that bear several filaments. The heavy embryophores that give taeniid eggs their characteristic striated appearance are lacking in this and the other families of tapeworms infecting humans. The rostellum remains invaginated in the apex of the organ. Rostellar hooklets are shaped like tuning forks. The neck is long and slender, the region of growth. The strobila starts with short, narrow proglottids, followed with mature ones.

Life cycle

Infection is acquired most commonly from eggs in the feces of another infected individual, which are transferred in food, by contamination. Eggs hatch in the duodenum, releasing oncospheres, which penetrate the mucosa and come to lie in lymph channels of the villi. An oncosphere develops into a cysticercoid which has a tail and a well-formed scolex. It is made of longitudinal fibers and is spade-shaped with the rest of the worm still inside the cyst. In five to six days, cysticercoids emerge into the lumen of the small intestine, where they attach and mature.

The direct life cycle is doubtless a recent modification of the ancestral two-host life cycle found in other species of hymenolepidids, because cysticercoids of H. nana can still develop normally within larval fleas and beetles. One reason for facultative nature of the life cycle is that H. nana cysticercoids can develop at higher temperatures than can those of the other hymenolepidids. Direct contaminative infection by eggs is probably the most common route in human cases, but accidental ingestion of an infected grain beetle or flea cannot be ruled out. The direct infectiousness of the eggs frees the parasite from its former dependence upon an insect intermediate host, making rapid infection and person-to-person spread possible. The short lifespan and rapid course of development also facilitate the spread and ready availability of this worm.

Reproduction

Hymenolepis nana, like all tapeworms, contains both male and female reproductive structures in each proglottid. This means that the dwarf tapeworm, like other tapeworms is hermaphroditic. Each segment contains three testes and a single ovary. When a proglottid becomes old and unable to absorb any more nutrition, it is released and is passed through the host's digestive tract. This gravid proglottid contains the fertilized eggs, which are sometimes expelled with the feces. However, most of the time, the egg may also settle in the microvilli of the small intestine, hatch, and the larvae can develop to sexual maturity without ever leaving the host.

Behavior
The dwarf tapeworm, like all other tapeworms, lacks a digestive system and feeds by absorption on nutrients in the intestinal lumen. They have nonspecific carbohydrate requirements and they seem to absorb whatever is being passed through the intestine at that time. When it becomes an adult, it attaches to the intestinal walls with its suckers and toothed rostellum and has its segments reaching out into the intestinal space to absorb food.

Epidemiology
The dwarf tapeworm or Hymenolepis nana is found worldwide. More common in warm parts of South Europe, Russia, India, US and Latin America. Infection is most common in children, in persons living in institutional settings, crowded environments and in people who live in areas where sanitation and personal hygiene is inadequate. Infection is most common in children aged 4–10 years, in dry, warm regions of the developing world. Estimated to have 50-75 million carriers of Hymenolopis nana with 5 to 25% prevalence in children worldwide. One becomes infected by accidentally ingesting dwarf tapeworm eggs, ingesting fecally contaminated foods or water, by touching your mouth with contaminated fingers, or by ingesting contaminated soil, and/or accidentally ingesting an infected arthropod.

United States: International:
 * Infection is most common in the Southeast
 * Infection rates were found to be higher among Southeast Asian refugees in the United States
 * Regions with high reported infection rates include Sicily (46%), Argentina (34% of school children), and southern areas of the former Soviet Union (26%)

Pathogenesis
Light infections: Heavy infections:
 * Asymptomatic
 * Toxemia
 * Significant intestinal inflammation
 * Diarrhea
 * Abdominal pain
 * Anorexia
 * Nausea
 * Weakness
 * Loss of appetite

For young children:
 * Head-ache
 * Itchy buttocks
 * Difficulty sleeping

Treatment
The prescription drug Praziquantel is usually prescribed in a single dose to patients infected with H.nana. Praziquantel is widely used and preferred due to its high efficacy. Research has shown that the cysticercoid phase of H.nana's life cycle is the most susceptible to the Praziquantel treatment.

In 1980, research proved that Praziquantel had morphological effects on H.nana and other similar cestodes. Following ten minutes of Praziquantel administration, H. nana was almost completely paralyzed; thirty minutes post-administration, the tapeworms were completely dislodged from the caecum. This research fully indicated the paralyzing and deadly nature of Praziquantel on H. nana, H. diminuta, H. microstoma.

History
In 1887, Grassi demonstrated that transmission from rat to rat did not require an intermediate host. Later, in 1921, Saeki demonstrated a direct cycle of transmission of H. nana in humans, transmission without an intermediate host. In addition to the direct cycle, Nicholl and Minchin demonstrated that fleas can serve as intermediate hosts between humans.

title: Hymenolepis nana


text:
Hymenolepis diminuta

Hymenolepis diminuta, also known as rat tapeworm, is a species of Hymenolepis tapeworm that causes hymenolepiasis. It has slightly bigger eggs and proglottids than H. nana and infects mammals using insects as intermediate hosts. The adult structure is 20 to 60 cm long and the mature proglottid is similar to that of H. nana, except it is larger.

Hymenolepis diminuta is prevalent worldwide, but only a few hundred human cases have been reported. Few cases have ever been reported in Australia, United States, Spain, and Italy. In countries such as Malaysia, Thailand, Jamaica, Indonesia, the prevalence is higher.

Life cycle
The cycle begins as arthropods ingest the eggs. Arthropods are then able to act as the intermediate host. When ingested, the eggs develop into cysticercoids. As shown in the CDC life cycle, oncospheres hatch and then penetrate the intestinal wall. Rodents can become infected when they eat arthropods. Humans, especially children, can ingest the arthropods as well and therefore become infected via the same mechanism. Rodents, especially rats, are definitive hosts and natural reservoirs of H. diminuta. The intermediate hosts are the coprophilic arthropods (fleas, lepidoptera, and coleoptera). As the definitive host (rats) eats an infected arthropod, cysticercoids present in the body cavity transform into the adult worm. The resulting eggs are then passed through the stool. In recent findings, beetle-to-beetle transmission of H. diminuta can be seen via the feces. Additionally, more infections occur due to this mechanism of egg dispersal.

Prevalence
Hymenolepis diminuta infection in humans is rare, typically occurring in isolated cases. As such, several studies of H. diminuta exist as case reports describing a single affected individual.

In rural Devghar, India, a place heavily infested with rodents and cockroaches, H. diminuta eggs were found in a 12-year-old girl living in a small village. In rural Talasri, Maharashtra, India, "H. diminuta" eggs were found in a 26-year-old male, living in small village, Talasri.

In an urban area of Rome, a 2-year-old boy was also infected by H. diminuta. However, in this instance, investigators found no evidence of rodent or other possible sources of infection in the places habitually occupied by the affected boy.

In 1989, a child from St. James Parish, Jamaica was the subject of the first documented case of H. diminuta occurring in Jamaica, West Indies.

Influence on host behavior
In a behavioral study of the beetle Tenebrio molitor with cysticercoids of the rat tapeworm H. diminuta, findings suggested that the parasite impairs a beetle's ability to conceal itself. The study followed a rat and a beetle infected with the parasite. Infected beetles were slower than the control group; however, they still maintained the same learning level. In the initial phase of infection, the beetle was in high stress. As time progressed, this did not worsen their ability to learn. Overall, the training experiment portrayed that infected beetles were unable to hide from the rat, illustrating the high impact the parasite had on its host, the beetle.

Role in human diseases
Hymenolepis diminuta is often asymptomatic. However, abdominal pain, irritability, itching, and eosinophilia are among the existing symptoms in a few of the reported cases.

Hymenolepis diminuta is a possible candidate species for helminthic therapy, i.e. the controlled use of live organism parasites for the prevention and control of diseases of modern living. These diseases include allergies, asthma, autoimmune diseases and autism spectrum disorders.

Treatment
Since data regarding praziquantel treatment of H. diminuta is sparse, scientists have recommended that every case and treatment of H. diminuta be reported for development of protocols and parasitological purposes.

A 2-year-old Italian boy affected by tuberous sclerosis was infected by H. diminuta. Due to concerns over his neurological condition, the boy was treated with niclosamide rather than praziquantel. In this case, niclosamide treatment proved to be successful.

title: Hymenolepis diminuta


text:
Civic Solidarity Party

The Civic Solidarity Party (Vətəndaş Həmrəyliyi Partiyası, VHP) is a political party in Azerbaijan. It was founded in 1992. The party's leader is Sabir Rustamkhanli, who is originally a poet. The party's ideology is based on the "universal political values of freedom, equality and solidarity".

At the 2010 parliamentary elections, it won 3 out of 125 seats. In the 2015 parliamentary elections, it won 2 out of 125 seats. In the 2020 parliamentary elections, it won 3 out of 125 seats.

title: Civic Solidarity Party


text:
Compatriot Party (Azerbaijan)

The Compatriot Party (Yurddaş Partiyası) is a political party in Azerbaijan.

At the last elections (November 5, 2000 and January 7, 2001), the party won 1 out of 125 seats.

The first chairman of the party was Mais Safarli until 2020.

title: Compatriot Party (Azerbaijan)


text:
Musavat

The Müsavat Party (Müsavat Firqəsi, from مساواة musāwāt, lit. 'equality' or 'parity') is the oldest existing political party in Azerbaijan. Its history can be divided into three periods: Early Musavat, Musavat-in-exile and New Musavat.

The party was prohibited from contesting the 1995 and 2000 parliamentary elections in Azerbaijan by the Heydar Aliyev regime. At the time, the party was one of major opposition parties in the country.

Early Musavat (1911–1923)
Musavat was founded in 1911 in Baku as a secret organization by Mammed Amin Rasulzade, Mammed Ali Rasulzade (his cousin), Abbasgulu Kazimzade, and Taghi Nagioglu. Its initial name was the Muslim Democratic Musavat Party. The first members were Veli Mikayiloghlu, Seyid Huseyn Sadig, Abdurrahim bey, Yusif Ziya bey and Seyid Musavi bey. Early Musavat members also included future Communist leader of Azerbaijan SSR Nariman Narimanov. This initiative was coming from Mammed Amin Rasulzade, who was then living in exile in Istanbul.

In its early years before the first world war, Musavat was a relatively small, secret underground organization, much like its counterparts throughout the Middle East, working for the prosperity and political unity of the Muslim and Turkic-speaking world. Although Musavat espoused pan-Islamic ideology and its founder was sympathetic to the pan-Turkic movement, the party supported the tsarist regime during the First World War. Russia's social democrats received the foundation of Musavat in what they considered "imperial, orientalist terms, governed by the long-standing ideological categories of Muslim backwardness, treachery and religious fanaticism", as a betrayal of historic proportions.

The Musavat's programme, which appealed to the Azerbaijani masses and assured the party of the sympathy of the Muslims abroad, announced the following aims:
 * 1) The unity of all Muslim peoples without regard to nationality or sect.
 * 2) Restoration of the independence of all Muslim nations.
 * 3) Extension of material and moral aid to all Muslim nations which fight for their independence.
 * 4) Help to all Muslim peoples and states in offense and in defence.
 * 5) The destruction of the barriers which prevent the spread of the above-mentioned ideas.
 * 6) The establishment of contact with parties striving for the progress of the Muslims.
 * 7) The establishment, as need might arise, of contact and exchange of opinion with foreign parties which have the well being of humanity as their aim.
 * 8) The intensification of the struggle for the existence of all Muslims and the development of their commerce, trade and economic life in general.

During this time, the Musavat party supported some pan-Islamist and pan-Turkist ideas. Pan-Turkic element in Musavat's ideology was a reflection of the novel ideas of the Young Turk revolution in Ottoman Empire. The founders of this ideology were Azerbaijani intellectuals of the Russian Empire, Ali bey Huseynzade and Ahmed-bey Agayev (known in Turkey as Ahmet Ağaoğlu), whose literary works used the linguistic unity of Turkic-speaking peoples as a factor for the national awakening of various nationalities inhabiting the Russian Empire.

The Menshevik and Social Revolutionary parties of Baku, both largely dependent upon the support of selected Georgian, Armenian and Jewish cadres, as well as upon the ethnic Russian workers, had long vilified the Muslims as "inert" and "unconscious". For them as well as for Bolsheviks, Constitutional Democrats and Denikinists, the Musavat, by default, was the false friend of social democracy, just a party of feudal "beks and khans". These accusations, centerpieces of a paranoid style in social-democratic politics, have endured in the historical literature far beyond their origins. But this form of attitude also alienated predominant Muslim groups from Russia's mainstream social democrats, as Musavat's shifting politics and populist slogans started receiving bigger appeal among the Muslim worker audience. Musavat leaders were largely well-educated professionals from the upper class echelons of Azeri society; its mass membership, most recruited between 1917 and 1919, comprised the poorly-educated Muslims underclass of Baku.

Early Musavat under Rasulzade leadership
After the Amnesty Act of 1913 dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty, Mammed Amin Rasulzade returned to Azerbaijan and undertook party leadership. Despite the party still being secret, Rasulzade managed to found newspaper the newspaper Achig Soz (1915–1918), in which Musavat's aims and goals, this time polished and defined in Rasulzade's interpretations, were implicitly advocated. Only after the February Revolution, when Musavat ceased to be a secret organization and became a legal political party did the newspaper officially become the party's organ.

The Baku Committee of Muslim Social Organizations, as well as the Musavat, were quite radical during the early days of the February Revolution: they wanted a democratic republic, which would guarantee the rights of Muslims. The Soviet historian A. L. Popov writes that the Musavat cannot be a priori classified as a reactionary party of Khans and Beks, because in the early revolutionary period the Musavat stood on the positions of democracy and even socialism. "Until a certain time the Baku Committee of Muslim Social Organizations and the Musavat party successfully fulfilled the mission not only of representing the general national interests but also of guiding the Azerbaijani workers' democracy".

On June 17, 1917, Musavat merged with the Party of Turkic Federalists, another national-democratic right-wing organization founded by Nasibbey Usubbekov and Hasan bey Agayev, taking on a new name of Musavat Party of Turkic Federalists. Thus, Musavat became the main political force of Caucasian Muslims.

In October 1917 Musavat convoked in its first congress where it adopted a new covenant, with 76 articles.

 * 1) Russia has to become a federative democratic republic based on national and territorial autonomy.
 * 2) Freedom of speech, conscience, stamp, unions, strikes have to be confirmed by the constitution and guaranteed by the state.
 * 3) All citizens in spite of religion, nationality, gender, and political ideology are equal in front of the law. The passport system is to be annulled. Every citizen is given the right to move freely both inside the borders and outside the borders of the country.
 * 4) For all workers and office workers the working day is limited with eight hours.
 * 5) All state, crown, noble and private lands are distributed between peasant free.
 * 6) Courts only obey the law and from now on no citizen is subject to punishment if not following the resolution of the competent authorities.
 * 7) Universal free and compulsory elementary and high education.

Particularly, new covenant said:
 * Article 1: The form of the state of Russia should be a federative democratic republic based on principles of national autonomy.
 * Article 3: All ethnicities having territories of compact inhabiting any part of Russia should receive national autonomy. Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkistan and Bashkortostan should receive territorial autonomy, Turks living along the Volga and the Crimean Turks should receive a cultural autonomy in the case of impossibility of territorial autonomy. The Party considers as its sacred duty to support any non-Turkic ethnicities' quests for autonomy and help them.
 * Article 4: Ethnicities having no exact territory of compact inhabiting should receive national cultural autonomy.

During the period from February until November 1917, Musavat shared the idea of federalism without separating from Russia. In accordance with the doctrine accepted by the Special Transcaucasian Committee (OZAKOM) the Georgian, Armenian, and Azerbaijani territories were authorised to rule independent domestic policy, leaving to the Provisional Russian government only foreign affairs, army and defense, and customs. However, Musavat as well as the other Muslim unions got quickly disappointed in cooperation with the Provisional Government, as it had no wish to delegate to the Muslim territories more independence.

Having got the news about the October Revolution in Petrograd (Saint Petersburg) Transcaucasia did not accept the new Bolshevik power. In February 1918 Transcaucasian Council ("Sejm") started its work in Tbilisi. Musavat entered the Sejm as one of the ruling parties, having 30 deputies of 125. The other parties represented in the new institution were Georgian mensheviks (32 deputies) and Armenian "dashnaks" (27 deputies). At this stage, Musavat started propagating the pan-Islamist and pan-Turkish ideas and aimed at the creation of a United Muslim State under the protection of Turkey (Ottoman Empire). The majority of the Party's members were merchants, white-collars and partially peasantry.

Musavat became the tenth largest party elected to the Russian Constituent Assembly (1918).

Musavat in ADR Government
After the disintegration of the Russian Empire and the Declaration of Independence, Musavat became the leading party of the newly established Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, holding the majority of mandates in its parliaments, at first in Azerbaijani National Council and then in Parlaman ("parliament"), Rasulzade being its first head of state (28 May 1918  –  7 December 1918). Under the Musavat's leadership, the name "Azerbaijan" was adopted; a name that prior to the proclamation of the ADR was solely used to refer to the adjacent region of contemporary northwestern Iran. Azerbaijan became in 1918 the first secular democracy in the Muslim world. A year later, in 1919, Azerbaijani women were granted the right to vote, before the U.S. and some European countries.

The following Musavat members held positions in successive ADR governments:

First cabinet (May 28, 1918 – June 17, 1918)

 * Kh. Sultanov – Minister of Defense
 * Mammad Hassan Hajinski – Minister of Foreign Affairs
 * Nasib bey Yusifbeyli – Minister of Finance and National Education
 * M. Y. Jafarov – Minister of Trade and Industry

Second cabinet (June 17, 1918 – December 7, 1918)

 * Mammad Hassan Hajinski – Minister of Foreign Affairs
 * Nasib bey Yusifbeyli – Minister of National Education and Religious Affairs
 * Kh. Sultanov – acting Minister of Defense; Envoy to Karabakh and Zangezur
 * Musa bey Rafiyev – Minister of Social Security and Religious Affairs
 * Kh. Khasmammedov – State Minister of Internal Affairs

Third cabinet (December 12, 1918 – March 14, 1919)

 * Kh. Khasmammedov – Minister of Interior
 * Nasib bey Yusifbeyli – Minister of Education and Religious Affairs
 * Kh. Sultanov – Minister of Agriculture

Fourth cabinet (March 14, 1919 – December 22, 1919)

 * Nasib bey Yusifbeyli – Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister)
 * M. Y. Jafarov – Minister of Foreign Affairs
 * N. Narimanbeyli – State Inspector
 * Kh. Khasmammedov – Minister of the Interior

Fifth cabinet (December 12, 1919 – April 1, 1920)

 * Nasib bey Yusifbeyli – Chair of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister)
 * Mammad Hassan Hajinski – Minister of Interior
 * Kh. Khasmammedov – Minister of Justice
 * M. Rafiyev – Minister of Social Welfare and Health

After the fall of the First Republic in April 1920 as a result of the Bolshevik invasion, Musavat switched to secret activities again, by forming a secret committee, in which even famous Azeri playwright Jafar Jabbarli participated. The committee's most famous action was the preparation of the Rasulzade's flight from the Russian SFSR to Finland. Overall, Musavat prepared and conducted several armed insurgency operations, e.g. the rebellions of Ganja, Karabakh, Zagatala, and Lankaran. But the Soviets also repressed Musavat by arresting at least 2,000 members of Musavat up to 1923. Most prominent Musavat members thus were killed, exiled, or escaped abroad and the party ceased all its activities within Azerbaijan in 1923.

Musavat in exile
Activities of Musavat in exile begin at the end of 1922 and at the beginning of 1923. in order to coordinate and lead these activities Mammed Amin Rasulzade established a Foreign Bureau of Musavat in 1923, but also created the Azerbaijani National Center in order to coordinate their activity with other Azeri political immigrants not affiliated with Musavat. Istanbul became the center of Musavat-in-exile in the 1920s and early 30s, before moving to Ankara in the late 1940s.

Members of the Foreign Bureau

 * Mammed Amin Rasulzade, chairman
 * Mirza Bala Mammedzadeh, secretary
 * Khalil bey Khasmammadov, treasurer
 * Shafi bey Rustambeyov
 * Mustafa Vakilov
 * Mammad Sadig Akhundzadeh
 * Abbasgulu Kazimzade

Members of the Azerbaijani National Center

 * Mammed Amin Rasulzade
 * Khalil bey Khasmammadov
 * Mustafa Vakilov
 * Akbar agha Sheykhulislamov
 * Abdulali bey Amirjanov

Chairmen of Musavat in exile

 * Mammed Amin Rasulzade (1917–1955)
 * Mirza Bala Mammedzadeh (1955–1959)
 * Kerim Oder (1959–1981)
 * Mammad Azer Aran (1981–1992)

Newspapers and journals published by the Musavat Party in exile

 * Yeni Kafkasya journal (1923–1928), Turkey
 * Azeri Turk journal (1928–1929), Turkey
 * Odlu Yurdu journal (1929–1931), Turkey
 * Bildirish newspaper (1930–1931), Turkey
 * Azerbaycan Yurd Bilgisi journal (1932–1934), Turkey
 * Istiklal newspaper (1932-?), Germany
 * Kurtulush journal (1934–1938), Germany
 * Musavat Bulleteni (1936-?), Poland, Turkey
 * Azerbaijan (1952–current), Turkey

New Musavat (since 1989)
The resurrection of Musavat in Azerbaijan came in 1989, during the second independence of Azerbaijan. A group of intellectuals created the "Azerbaijan National Democratic New Musavat Party". Later that group formed the "Restoration Center of the Musavat Party" and was recognized by Musavat-in-exile. In 1992 delegates of New Musavat and Musavat-in-exile gathered in the "III Congress of Musavat" and formally re-established the party as the Musavat Party. One of the leaders of the Popular Front, Isa Gambar was elected its chairman. He remains its leader as of 2013. The party structure consists of "Başqan" (Leader), "Divan" (Executive Board), and "Məclis" (Congress).

Since 1993, Musavat has been in the opposition to the ruling New Azerbaijan Party. Due to a split between its nationalist and its liberal wing, the party failed to adopt a unified program at the October 1997 congress. At the 2000/2001 elections, the party won 4.9% of the popular vote and two out of 125 seats. As the party's candidate, its leader Isa Qambar won 12.2% of the popular vote in the 15 October 2003 presidential elections. At the parliamentary elections of November 6, 2005, it joined the Freedom alliance and won inside the alliance five seats. Musavat is also known for its protests against the Azerbaijani government such as that took place on October 16, 2003, after Isa Qambar had lost the election, as well as on March 12, 2011.

When Musavat applied for membership of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (ELDR, now Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party, ALDE), some members considered Musavat's ideology to be incompatible with Western liberalism. Board member Nasib Nasibli even resigned, stating that the party was committed to Turkic nationalism rather than liberalism. Nevertheless, Musavat was eventually admitted to ELDR.

The party has alleged that the Azerbaijani government has been seized by leading politicians of Kurdish, Talysh, Armenian or other ethnic groups of non-Turkic origin.

title: Musavat


text:
Justice Party (Azerbaijan)

The Justice Party (Ədalət Partiyası) is a social liberal, social democratic and a progressivist political party in Azerbaijan. Its candidate Ilyas Ismayilov won 0.8% of the popular vote in the 15 October 2003 presidential elections.

History
Justice (Adalet) Party was created in Baku, Azerbaijan by Ilyas Ismayilov in 1993. It has been merged with Azerbaijani Democrat Party in 1996. By being recreated in year of 2000, it started to function again.

title: Justice Party (Azerbaijan)


text:
Modern Musavat Party

The Modern Equality Party (Müasir Müsavat Partiyası) is a political party in Azerbaijan.

Its candidate Hafiz Haciyev won 0.3% of the popular vote in the 15 October 2003 presidential elections. During a live debate on TV, Haciyev clashed with Fuad Mustafayev, a representative of the Azerbaijani Popular Front Party who threw his full water glass into Haciyev's face, the latter reacted throwing his water glass against Mustafayev.

In one occasion Haciyev accused Musavat leader Isa Gambar of being a KGB agent, ANIP leader Etibar Mamedov of collaborating with Armenians, and Popular Front leader Ali Kerimli of "losing his manhood" while in jail.

Elections were held on October 15, 2008, in which Ilham Aliyev won with 88.6% of the vote. None of the opposition parties, including the Modern Equality Party garnered more than 3% of the vote. Hafiz Hajiyev of Modern Equality received 0.65% of the vote.

In 2013 Hafiz Haciyev, leader of the party, offered a reward of 10,000 manats ($12,700) for the ear of novelist Akram Aylisli. The Interior Ministry said they would investigate the statement by Haciyev, who is pro-government. Human Rights Watch condemned the threat.

On 11 April 2018 presidential elections were held in Azerbaijan. Eight candidates participated, but it was clear from the outset that the incumbent president Ilham Aliyev of the New Azerbaijan Party would win. The following chart displays the results of the election:

title: Modern Musavat Party


text:
User:SEWilco/Workspace/United States

us

title: User:SEWilco/Workspace/United States


text:
National Unity (Azerbaijan)

The National Unity (Milli Birlik) is a political movement in Azerbaijan. Its candidate Lala Shevket won 3.3% of the popular vote in the 15 October 2003 presidential elections according to the official results of the Central Election Commission.

title: National Unity (Azerbaijan)


text:
Paul Pogge

Paul Friedrich Johann Moritz Pogge (24 December 1838 – 16 March 1884) was a German explorer in the African continent.

Pogge was born in Groß Roge, Mecklenburg-Schwerin. He studied law in Berlin, Munich and Heidelberg, where he obtained his doctorate. In 1865/66, he took his first journey to South Africa (Cape Colony, Natal) as a big game hunter.

He undertook two expeditions in Central Africa into the southern Congo Basin, the first between 1874 and 1876 and the second between 1880 and 1884. On the first expedition he was accompanied by naturalist Alexander von Homeyer, and funded by the Deutschen Gesellschaft zur Erforschung Aequatorial-Afrikas. On his second journey he was accompanied by Hermann Wissmann, a trip in which the two explorers reached the site of Nyangwe on the Lualaba River. On the expedition they became the first Europeans to come in contact with members of the Batwa.

He died in Luanda.

In 1894, botanist Robert Louis August Maximilian Gürke published Poggea, a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Achariaceae and named after Paul Pogge.

Publications associated with Pogge

 * Im reiche des Muata Jamwo. Tagebuch meiner im auftrage der Deustsche gesellschaft zur erforschung aequatorial-Afrika's in die Lunda-staaten unternommenen reise, 1880 - In the realm of the Muata Jamwo; diary on travels in the Luanda states.
 * Pogge and Wissmann's route from the Kasai to Nyangwe, 1881-2 : from Lieut. Wissmann's original sketches. Royal Geographical Society, 1883.
 * Durchquerung Afrikas T. 1. Unter deutscher Flagge quer durch Afrika von West nach Ost : Von 1880-1883 / ausgef. von Paul Pogge; Hermann von Wissmann, Berlin Globus Verlag, 1922 - Across Africa, volume 1. Under the German flag across Africa from west to east.

title: Paul Pogge


text:
Azerbaijan Social Prosperity Party

The Azerbaijan Social Prosperity Party (Azərbaycan Sosial Rifah Partiyası) was a political party in Azerbaijan founded on 4 August 1995.

At the elections (5 November 2000 and 7 January 2001), the party won 1 out of 125 seats. At the parliamentary elections of 6 November 2005 the party kept 1 seat, and it did the same in the 2010 and 2015 elections. The first chairman of the party was Khanhuseyn Kazimli, the final chairman of the party is Asli Kazimova (daughter of Khanhuseyn Kazimli).

The party was dissolved on 23 March 2023.

title: Azerbaijan Social Prosperity Party


text:
Poland at the 1980 Summer Olympics

Poland competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. 306 competitors, 232 men and 74 women, took part in 162 events in 21 sports.

Gold

 * Bronisław Malinowski — Athletics, Men's 3000 m Steeplechase
 * Władysław Kozakiewicz — Athletics, Men's Pole Vault
 * Jan Kowalczyk — Equestrian, Jumping Individual

Silver

 * Leszek Dunecki, Zenon Licznerski, Marian Woronin, and Krzysztof Zwoliński — Athletics, Men's 4 × 100 m Relay
 * Jacek Wszoła — Athletics, Men's High Jump
 * Tadeusz Ślusarski — Athletics, Men's Pole Vault
 * Urszula Kielan — Athletics, Women's High Jump
 * Paweł Skrzecz — Boxing, Men's Light Heavyweight
 * Czesław Lang — Cycling, Men's Individual Road Race
 * Janusz Bobik, Wiesław Hartman, Jan Kowalczyk, and Marian Kozicki — Equestrian, Jumping Team
 * Piotr Jablkowski, Andrzej Lis, Mariusz Strzalka, and Leszek Swornowski — Fencing, Men's Épée Team
 * Małgorzata Dłużewska and Czesława Kościańska — Rowing, Women's Coxless Pairs
 * Józef Lipień — Wrestling, Men's Greco-Roman Bantamweight
 * Andrzej Supron — Wrestling, Men's Greco-Roman Lightweight
 * Jan Dołgowicz — Wrestling, Men's Greco-Roman Middleweight
 * Roman Bierła — Wrestling, Men's Greco-Roman Heavyweight
 * Władysław Stecyk — Wrestling, Men's Freestyle Flyweight

Bronze

 * Lucyna Langer — Athletics, Women's 100 m Hurdles
 * Krzysztof Kosedowski — Boxing, Men's Featherweight
 * Kazimierz Adach — Boxing, Men's Lightweight
 * Kazimierz Szczerba — Boxing, Men's Welterweight
 * Jerzy Rybicki — Boxing, Men's Middleweight
 * Lech Koziejowski, Adam Robak, Marian Sypniewski, and Bogusław Zych — Fencing, Men's Foil Team
 * Barbara Wysoczańska — Fencing, Women's Foil Individual
 * Janusz Pawłowski — Judo, Men's Half Lightweight (65 kg)
 * Ryszard Kubiak, Grzegorz Nowak, Ryszard Stadniuk, Grzegorz Stellak, and Adam Tomasiak — Rowing, Men's Coxed Fours
 * Agnieszka Czopek — Swimming, Women's 400 m Individual Medley
 * Tadeusz Dembończyk — Weightlifting, Men's Bantamweight
 * Marek Seweryn — Weightlifting, Men's Featherweight
 * Tadeusz Rutkowski — Weightlifting, Men's Super Heavyweight
 * Aleksander Cichoń — Wrestling, Freestyle Light Heavyweight
 * Adam Sandurski — Wrestling, Men's Freestyle Super Heavyweight

Archery
Poland entered two women and one man in its third appearance in Olympic archery.
 * Men

 * Women

Athletics

 * Men
 * Track & road events

 * Field events

 * Combined events – Decathlon

 * Women
 * Track & road events

 * Field events

 * Combined events – Pentathlon

Classification round
Results between Poland vs. Senegal, Australia vs. Sweden and Czechoslovakia vs. India were carried over from the preliminary round.

Boxing

 * Men

Sprint

 * Men

 * Women

Track

 * 1000m time trial

 * Men's Sprint

 * Pursuit

Diving

 * Men

 * Women

Fencing
18 fencers, 13 men and 5 women, represented Poland in 1980.

Artistic

 * Men

 * Women

Preliminary round
12 teams played each other in two groups to decide for which place each of them will compete in the Final Round.

7th place match
Team roster

– 7th place

 * Andrzej Kacki
 * Zbigniew Gawlik
 * Piotr Czaczka
 * Marek Panas
 * Jerzy Garpiel

 * Jerzy Klempel
 * Janusz Brzozowski
 * Zbigniew Tłuczyński
 * Grzegorz Kosma
 * Mieczysław Wojczak

 * Daniel Waszkiewcz
 * Ryszard Jedliński
 * Henryk Rozmiarek
 * Alfred Kaluzinski

Head coach

Hockey

 * Men's team competition

Team roster
– 4th place

 * Zygfryd Józefiak
 * Andrzej Mikina
 * Krystian Bak
 * Włodzimierz Stanisławski
 * Leszek Hensler
 * Jan Sitek

 * Jerzy Wybieralski
 * Leszek Tórz
 * Zbigniew Rachwalski
 * Henryk Horwat
 * Andrzej Mysliwiec

 * Leszek Andrzejczak
 * Jan Mielniczak
 * Mariusz Kubiak
 * Adam Dolatowski
 * Krzysztof Glodowski

Head coach

 * Women's team competition

Team roster
– 6th place

 * Małgorzata Gajewska
 * Bogumila Pajor
 * Jolanta Sekulak
 * Jolanta Bledowska
 * Lucyna Matuszna
 * Danuta Stanislawska

 * Wiesława Ryłko
 * Lidia Zgajewska
 * Maria Kornek
 * Małgorzata Lipska
 * Halina Koldras

 * Lucyna Siejka
 * Dorota Bielska
 * Dorota Zaleczna
 * Michalina Plekaniec
 * Jadwiga Koldras

Head coach

Judo

 * Men

Modern pentathlon
Three male pentathletes represented Poland in 1980.

Rowing

 * Men

 * Women

Sailing

 * Open

Shooting

 * Open

Swimming

 * Men
 * Women

Preliminary round

 * Pool B

Team roster
– 4th place

Head coach
 * Robert Malinowski
 * Maciej Jarosz
 * Wiesław Czaja
 * Lech Lasko
 * Tomasz Wójtowicz
 * Wiesław Gawłowski
 * Wojciech Drzyzga
 * Bogusław Kanicki
 * Ryszard Bosek
 * Włodzimierz Nalazek
 * Leszek Molenda
 * Władysław Kustra

Weightlifting

 * Men

Wrestling

 * Men's freestyle

 * Men's Greco-Roman

title: Poland at the 1980 Summer Olympics


text:
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Unified Team

title: Template:EUN


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Yugoslavia at the 1980 Summer Olympics

Athletes from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. 164 competitors, 135 men and 28 women, took part in 69 events in 17 sports.

Archery
In the second time the nation competed in Olympic archery, Yugoslavia again entered only one man. He came in eleventh place, missing a top eight finish by eight points.

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Zoran Matković – 2410 points (11th place)

Athletics
Men's 200 metres
 * Aleksandar Popović
 * Heat – 21.65
 * Quarterfinals – 21.66 (→ did not advance)

Men's 400 metres
 * Josip Alebić
 * Heat – 47.61
 * Quarterfinals – 46.60 (→ did not advance)

Men's 800 metres
 * Milovan Savić
 * Heat – 1:49.2
 * Semifinals – 1:47.6 (→ did not advance)

Men's 1,500 metres
 * Dragan Zdravković
 * Heat – 3:44.0
 * Semifinals – 3:43.4
 * Final – 3:43.1 (→ 9th place)

Men's 4x400 metres Relay
 * Zeijko Knapić, Milovan Savić, Rok Kopitar, and Josip Alebić
 * Heat – 3:05.3 (→ did not advance)

Men's 110 m Hurdles
 * Borisav Pisić
 * Heat – 14.13
 * Semifinals – 14.16 (→ did not advance)
 * Petar Vukičević
 * Heat – 14.19
 * Semifinals – 14.12 (→ did not advance)

Men's 400 m Hurdles
 * Rok Kopitar
 * Heat – 50.34
 * Semifinals – 50.55
 * Final – 49.67 (→ 5th place)

Men's High Jump
 * Vaso Komnenić
 * Qualification – 2.21 m
 * Final – 2.24 m (→ 6th place)

Men's Long Jump
 * Nenad Stekić
 * Qualification – 5.75 m (→ did not advance)

Men's Triple Jump
 * Milan Spasojević
 * Qualification – 16.48 m
 * Final – 16.09 m (→ 10th place)

Men's Shot Put
 * Vladimir Milic
 * Qualification – 20.56 m
 * Final – 20.07 m (→ 8th place)

Women's 1,500 metres
 * Breda Pergar
 * Heat – 4:13.2 (→ did not advance)

Women's High Jump
 * Lidija Benedetič
 * Qualification – 1.80 m (→ did not advance)

Boxing
Men's Bantamweight (– 54 kg) Men's Featherweight (– 57 kg) Men's Lightweight (– 60 kg) Men's Light-Welterweight (– 63,5 kg) Men's Heavyweight (+ 81 kg)
 * Fazlija Sacirović
 * First Round – Bye
 * Second Round – Lost to Veli Koota (Finland) after referee stopped contest in second round
 * Dejan Marović
 * First Round – Bye
 * Second Round – Defeated Miroslav Šandor (Czechoslovakia) on points (5–0)
 * Third Round – Lost to Krzysztof Kosedowski (Poland) on points (1–4)
 * Geza Tumbas
 * First Round – Defeated Norman Stevens (Australia) on points (4–1)
 * Second Round – Lost to Angel Herrera (Cuba) on points (0–5)
 * Ace Rusevski
 * First Round – Defeated Margarit Anastasov (Bulgaria) on points (4–1)
 * Second Round – Defeated Boualem Bel Alouane (Algeria) on points (5–0)
 * Quarter Finals – Lost to Patrizio Oliva (Italy) on points (2–3)
 * Aziz Salihu
 * First Round – Lost to Piotr Zaev (Soviet Union) on points (0–5)

Cycling
Four cyclists represented Yugoslavia in 1980.

 * Individual road race
 * Bruno Bulić
 * Vinko Polončič
 * Bojan Ropret
 * Bojan Udovič

 * Team time trial
 * Bruno Bulić
 * Vinko Polončič
 * Bojan Ropret
 * Bojan Udovič

Men's team competition
PRELIMINARY ROUND (GROUP D)

July 21, 1980 Yugoslavia – Finland 2–0 (0–0) Dinamo Stadium, Minsk

July 23, 1980 Yugoslavia – Costa Rica 3–2 (2–1) Dinamo Stadium, Minsk

July 25, 1980 Yugoslavia – Iraq 1–1 (0–0) Dinamo Stadium, Minsk

FINAL STANDINGS GROUP D:

1. Yugoslavia         3 2 1 0 ( 6- 3) 5 * 2. Iraq               3 1 2 0 ( 4- 1) 4 * 3. Finland            3 1 1 1 ( 3- 2) 3 4. Costa Rica         3 0 0 3 ( 2- 9) 0

* Qualified for quarter-finals

QUARTER-FINALS

July 27, 1980 Yugoslavia – Algeria 3–0 (2–0) Dinamo Stadium, Minsk

SEMI-FINALS

July 29, 1980 Czechoslovakia – Yugoslavia 2–0 (2–0) Dynamo Stadium, Moscow

BRONZE MEDAL GAME

August 1, 1980 Yugoslavia – Soviet Union 0–2 (0–0) Dynamo Stadium, Moscow

 * Team Roster
 * Dragan Pantelić
 * Nikica Cukrov
 * Ivan Gudelj
 * Miloš Hrstić
 * Milan Jovin
 * Nikica Klinčarski
 * Mišo Krstičević
 * Dževad Šećerbegović
 * Vladimir Matijević
 * Ante Miročević
 * Dušan Pešić
 * Tomislav Ivković
 * Boro Primorac
 * Srebrenko Repčić
 * Miloš Šestić
 * Zlatko Vujović
 * Zoran Vujović

Men's team competition

 * Preliminary Round (Group B)
 * Defeated Algeria (22–18)
 * Defeated Switzerland (26–21)
 * Defeated Romania (23–21)
 * Defeated Kuwait (44–10)
 * Lost to Soviet Union (17–22)
 * Classification Match
 * 5th/6th place: Lost to Spain (23–24) → 6th place
 * Team Roster
 * Zlatan Arnautović
 * Momir Rnic
 * Enver Koso
 * Drago Jovović
 * Stjepan Obran
 * Jasmin Mrkonja
 * Petar Mahne
 * Pavel Jurina
 * Goran Nerić
 * Jovica Cvetković
 * Velibor Nenadić
 * Adnan Dizdar
 * Mile Isaković
 * Jovica Elezović

Judo
Men's Heavyweight

 * Radomir Kovacevic
 * Bronze medal

Sailing
Men's Flying Dutchman

 * Danko Mandić
 * Final standing – 9th place
 * Zoran Kalebić
 * Final standing – 9th place

Men's Finn class

 * Minski Fabras
 * Final standing – 11th place

Swimming
Men's 200m Freestyle
 * Borut Petrič
 * Final – 1.56,51 (→ did not advance)

Men's 1.500m Freestyle
 * Borut Petrič
 * Final – 15.21,78 (→ 5th place)

Men's team competition

 * Preliminary Round (Group B)
 * Lost to Poland (1–3)
 * Defeated Brazil (3–2)
 * Lost to Romania (1–3)
 * Defeated Libya (3–0)
 * Classification Matches
 * 5th/8th place: Defeated Cuba (3–2)
 * 5th/6th place: Lost to Brazil (2–3) → 6th place
 * Team Roster
 * Vladimir Bogoevski
 * Vladimir Trifunović
 * Aleksandar Tacevski
 * Zdravko Kuljić
 * Goran Srbinovski
 * Slobodan Lozančić
 * Ivica Jelić
 * Boro Jović
 * Radovan Malević
 * Miodrag Mitić
 * Ljubomir Travica
 * Mladen Kašić

Men's team competition

 * Preliminary Round (Group C)
 * Drew with Cuba (6–6)
 * Defeated Bulgaria (9–2)
 * Defeated Australia (9–2)
 * Final Round (Group A)
 * Drew with Cuba (7–7)
 * Defeated Hungary (8–7)
 * Defeated Netherlands (5–4)
 * Defeated Spain (7–6)
 * Lost to Soviet Union (7–8) → Silver Medal
 * Team Roster
 * Luka Vezilić
 * Zoran Gopcević
 * Damir Polić
 * Ratko Rudić
 * Zoran Mustur
 * Zoran Roje
 * Milivoj Bebić
 * Slobodan Trifunović
 * Boško Lozica
 * Predrag Manojlović
 * Milorad Krivokapić

title: Yugoslavia at the 1980 Summer Olympics


text:
Erfurt–Weimar Airport

Erfurt–Weimar Airport (Flughafen Erfurt–Weimar, formerly Erfurt Airport, ) serves Erfurt, the capital of the German state of Thuringia, and the nearby city of Weimar, both of which form the largest part of the state's central metropolitan area. The airport is 5 km west of Erfurt city center and is mainly used for seasonal charter flights to European leisure destinations.

History
The first Erfurt airport was built in the mid-1920s at Roter Berg in the north of the city, later also known as Erfurt-North. At the beginning of the Second World War in 1939, this site was taken over by the Luftwaffe, thus ending passenger traffic. With the end of the war in 1945, Erfurt-North was closed, but in 1956, the pre-military organisation Gesellschaft für Sport und Technik resumed glider operations here. In 1974, the airfield was finally closed in order to build the residential area Roter Berg on the site.

The foundation for today's Erfurt–Weimar Airport was laid in 1935, when a new air base was built by the Luftwaffe west of Erfurt near Bindersleben. In 1945 the air base was taken over by the Red Army, which stationed an alert unit with MiG-15 fighter planes here in the 1950s. Around 1957 the airfield was handed over to the East German authorities who extended it and built a 2000 m long concrete runway. In the following years the airfield was used by the East German Lufthansa and later by Interflug for domestic flights until these were discontinued in 1980. In addition, there were individual connections to socialist countries, especially to Budapest in Hungary. Erfurt was also a base for Interflug’s agricultural aviation with the Erfurt district squadron stationed here.

After German reunification, Erfurt Airport was further expanded and the runway was extended to 2600 m.

The airport's name was changed from Erfurt Airport in 2011, it was felt that from a marketing point of view the addition of Weimar to the name would better sell the area due to its historic importance.

Despite its importance as a state capital and its central location within Germany, the airport features no domestic flights. The only route to Munich Airport offered by Cirrus Airlines ceased by March 2012. However, the city became one of Germany's most important long distance railway hubs by 2017, when the newly constructed Munich-Berlin high-speed line met the Frankfurt-Dresden line at Erfurt main station. As a result, it is possible to reach Frankfurt, Berlin and Munich within two hours by rail from Erfurt, making domestic flights redundant. After the shutdown of Germania in early 2019, the airport lost the vast majority of its routes.

Facilities
The airport consists of one passenger and one business terminal. The passenger terminal features two aircraft parking positions and four boarding gates on two levels, the upper ones are equipped with jet bridges. There are also some shops and restaurants, a visitors terrace as well as travel and rental car agencies inside the terminal. The apron also features several additional bus-boarding stands for mid-sized aircraft such as the Boeing 737.

Airlines and destinations
The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights at Erfurt–Weimar Airport:

Car
The airport can be reached via nearby A71 motorway (Erfurt-Bindersleben exit) which leads from Erfurt to Schweinfurt in Bavaria.

Tram
Erfurt Tram line No. 4 to the suburb of Bindersleben stops in front of the airport. The trams depart every 10–20 minutes and connect the airport with Erfurt's main train station via the city centre in about 20 minutes.

title: Erfurt–Weimar Airport


text: User talk:24.117.242.101

title: User talk:24.117.242.101


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Kalimpong/archive1

Kalimpong
This is another of my geographic articles. I've closely followed all conventions including the footnotes as suggested earlier. Its comprehensive, has some nice images, but I need a copyedit (as usual) and some critique. == 19:36, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually it looks good to me. I was curious if they had a library, but I didn't see one listed on the external links. — RJH 16:14, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the comments. There's one private library . User:Anujkp is a resident of Kalimpong. He would probably have a better idea on libraries in the town. == 19:37, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)


text: Template:FRG

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text: User talk:66.162.234.178

title: User talk:66.162.234.178


text: Category:Slovak footballers

title: Category:Slovak footballers


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Mo (Chinese surname)

Mo (莫) is the pinyin romanization of the surname pronounced in Standard Chinese as "Mò" and in Cantonese as "Mok6". The surname is often romanized as Mok where Cantonese speakers are prominent. According to a study of Mu Ying's Name record, the surname came to be when descendants of the antediluvian ruler Zhuanxu abbreviated the name of his city, Moyangcheng (莫陽城) and took it as their surname.

As Chinese family names go, Mo is relatively rare, ranked 168th in the Hundred Family Surnames. In 2004, there were an estimated 73,000 people with the surname of Mo abroad and 1,540,000 Mos in China.

When not used as a surname, 'Mo' (莫) means 'do not'.

Arts and culture

 * Evelyn Mok, Chinese-Swedish-English comedian
 * Ping Mo (莫平), Chinese architect
 * Max Mok Siu-Chung (莫少聰), Hong Kong actor
 * Hoyan Mok (莫可欣), winner of Miss Hong Kong Pageant (1993)
 * Karen Mok (莫文蔚), Hong Kong singer and actress.
 * Warren Mok (莫華倫), Hong Kong tenor
 * Mo Han (莫寒), Chinese singer, member of SNH48

Business

 * Charles Mok (莫乃光), Hong Kong internet entrepreneur

Production

 * Ken Mok, American television producer
 * May Mok (莫美華), Hong Kong sound editor
 * Tze Ming Mok (莫志明), New Zealand writer

Politics

 * Mo Xuanqing (莫宣卿), the youngest "number one scholar" (in the imperial examination) in Chinese history

Sports

 * Mo Huilan (莫慧兰), Chinese gymnast, silver medalist at the 1996 Olympic Games

title: Mo (Chinese surname)