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Victorian Railways

The Victorian Railways (VR), trading from 1974 as VicRail, was the state-owned operator of most rail transport in the Australian state of Victoria from 1859 to 1983. The first railways in Victoria were private companies, but when these companies failed or defaulted, the Victorian Railways was established to take over their operations. Most of the lines operated by the Victorian Railways were of. However, the railways also operated up to five narrow gauge lines between 1898 and 1962, and a  line between Albury and Melbourne from 1961.

Formation
A Department of Railways was created in 1856 with the first appointment of staff. British engineer, George Christian Darbyshire was made first Engineer-in-Chief in 1857, and steered all railway construction work until his replacement by Thomas Higinbotham in 1860. In late 1876, New York consulting engineer Walton Evans arranged the supply of two 4-4-0 locomotives manufactured by the Rogers Locomotive Works of New Jersey, US to the Victorian Railways.

Because of political turmoil in the Victorian Government, Higginbotham was one of 137 officials removed from office on Black Wednesday on 8 January 1878 when the Government was denied supply. He, like a number of other senior officers, was not reappointed. Robert Watson then took over as Engineer-in-Chief. But in 1880, a new Ministry expressed a wish to redress the injustice by re-instating Higginbotham. However, at the sudden death of Higginbotham in 1880, William Elsdon took over for two years before his retirement in 1882, and Watson then returned to his former position as Engineer-in-Chief, which he held up to the time of his death.

On 1 November 1883, assent was given to the Victorian Railways Commissioners Act 1883, 47 Vic., No.767, to construct, maintain and manage the state's railways. The staff of the Department of Railways came under the authority of the Railway Commissioners, which became commonly known as Victorian Railways. The elaborate headquarters at 67 Spencer Street were opened in 1893.

Growth
Victorian Railways grew to service all parts of the state, even extending some lines into New South Wales under the 1922 Border Railways Act. In the late 19th century, the railways became something of a political football with politicians demanding new lines to be built in places where traffic levels never justified it. In 1864, there was just 254 miles (409 km) of railway. The system expanded rapidly to reach 2,900 route miles (4,670 km) by 1891 and to its greatest extent of 4,755 route miles (7652 km) in 1939. The result was that by the beginning of the 20th century, no Victorian (apart from those in the mountain regions) was more than 25 miles (42 km) from a railway line. The period from the end of the 1930s saw a slow decline in route mileage as unprofitable branches were closed.

Conversion of the Melbourne suburban system to electric operation commenced in 1919 and was completed by 1930, creating what was claimed at the time to be the world's largest electric suburban rail system. 1937 saw the introduction of the streamlined Spirit of Progress passenger train, with air conditioning and all steel carriage construction. Diesel power was introduced in 1951 with ten F-class diesel-electric shunting locomotives, followed by B-class mainline diesel-electric locomotives in 1952/53. A standard gauge line connecting to the New South Wales system was constructed in 1961 allowing through trains to operate between Melbourne and Sydney, Australia's two largest cities, for the first time. The last steam locomotive was withdrawn in 1972.

Demise
In May 1973, the Railways (Amendment) Act 1972 passed the management of the Railways from the Victorian Railways Commissioners to a Victorian Railways Board. In 1974, the Victorian Railways was rebranded as VicRail, but the royal blue and gold livery used on rolling stock was retained until 1981.

In 1983, VicRail was divided into two—the State Transport Authority taking responsibility for the provision of country rail and road, passenger and freight services, and the Metropolitan Transit Authority taking over suburban passenger operations.

The State Transport Authority traded under the V/Line name, while the Metropolitan Transit Authority used that name until the Public Transport Corporation ("The Met") was formed in 1989. Between 1996 and 1999, V/Line and The Met were privatised. V/Line Passenger was franchised to National Express, returning to government ownership in 2002. The V/Line Freight division was sold to Freight Victoria and is now owned by Pacific National. The infrastructure is now managed by VicTrack with the interstate rail freight infrastructure leased to the Australian Rail Track Corporation. Metro Trains Melbourne now operates the suburban railway network.

Management
When first formed in 1857, the management of the Railways Department was initially vested in the President of the Board of Land and Works, this situation remaining until 1884. With the passing of the Victorian Railways Commissioners Act 1883, a board of four commissioners was put in charge, responsible to the Minister of Railways (the Minister of Transport from 1935 onwards).

The Chairman of Commissioners of the Victorian Railways were:

 * Richard Speight: 1883 to 1892
 * Richard Hodge Francis: 1892 to 1894
 * James Syder: 1894 to 1896
 * John Mathieson: 1896 to 1901
 * William Francis Joseph Fitzpatrick: 1901 to 1903
 * Thomas James Tait: 1903 to 1910
 * William Francis Joseph Fitzpatrick: 1910 to 1915
 * Charles Ernest Norman: 1915 to 1920
 * Harold Winthrop Clapp: 1920 to 1939
 * Norman Charles Harris: 1940 to 1950
 * Robert George Wishart: 1950 to 1955
 * Edgar Henry Brownbill: 1956 to 1967
 * George Frederick Brown: 1967 to 1973

After the Bland Report of 1972, in May 1973 the Railways (Amendment) Act 1972 passed the management of the Railways from the Victorian Railways Commissioners to a Victorian Railways Board. The board could have up to seven members, with six being initially appointed. This remained until 1983 when the board was discontinued under the Transport Act 1983.

Fleet

The Victorian Railways operated a wide variety of locomotives and rolling stock to provide passenger and goods services. This included equipment acquired from the private companies that built the first railways in Victoria. The majority was the fleet was broad gauge, with a specialised fleet used on the narrow gauge lines. In later years, gauge conversion was used to place stock from the main VR fleet onto standard gauge.

In 1936, the company owned 590 locomotives, 38 railcars, 819 coaches, 716 brake vans and 20,945 goods wagons.

The first locomotives used in the state were small steam locomotives, the majority being imported from the United Kingdom, with later years seeing larger units being built locally. Electric locomotives were acquired with the electrification of the suburban railways, with more powerful units acquired when the mainline to Traralgon was electrified. Dieselisation occurred from 1951, but the B class of 1952 revolutionised main line operations. Apart from the F class shunters, Clyde Engineering had a monopoly on Victorian diesel-electric locomotives, as the Australian licensee of General Motors EMD engines and traction motors, fitting them into locally designed bodies.

Early passenger services were operated with 4 and 6 wheeled "dogbox" passenger carriages, but larger bogie rollingstock started to appear from the turn of the century. On the Melbourne suburban network electric multiple units were introduced speeding up services. Experiments were also made with various diesel and petrol railcars for use on smaller branch lines. By the late 1970s, country passenger services were run down, and older wooden rolling stock was now approaching their use by date. As a result, the New Deal saw modern steel carriages introduced from 1981.

Early wagons were built on four wheeled under frames, but from 1871 bogie vehicles begun to appear. The last four wheeled open wagons were built in 1958, but were not scrapped in large numbers until the 1980s when new bogie wagons replaced them. By 1987, the bogie wagon fleet numbered 5000.

When the Victorian Railways (now known as VicRail) was divided into two in 1983, the Metropolitan Transit Authority received the suburban electric multiple unit fleet, while the State Transport Authority took responsibility for remainder for the provision of country passenger and freight services.

Operational branches
The Victorian Railways was divided up into a number of branches, each with a set of responsibilities. These branches were reorganised a number of times, in 1962 they were:

 * Secretaries: headed by the Secretary for Railways, dealt with policy, administration, transport regulation and legal matters.
 * Rolling Stock: headed by the Chief Mechanical Engineer, was responsible for design, construction, operation, and maintenance of all locomotives and rolling stock.
 * Way and Works: headed by the Chief Civil Engineer, it constructed and maintained all fixed infrastructure such as track, bridges, stations, signalling and safeworking.
 * Traffic: headed by the Chief Traffic Manager, it operated all goods and passenger services both on rail and road.
 * Electrical Engineering: headed by the Chief Electrical Engineer, it managed the suburban railway electrification system, as well as power supply to stations.
 * Accountancy: headed by the Controller of Accounts, it recorded all payments, prepared budgets, conducted audits, and paid salaries and wages to employees
 * Commercial: headed by the Chief Commercial Manager, it set goods rates and passenger fares, solicited for new traffic to rail, and took action against by-laws offenders.
 * Stores: headed by the Controller of Stores, it received all incoming stores and materials, and controlled the railway printing works.
 * Refreshment Services: headed by the Superintendent of Refreshment Services, it controlled food and bookstore services at station, managed advertising at stations, as well as the railway bakery, butchery, poultry farm and laundry.

Visual identification
For most of the 20th century, the colours of royal blue and gold were the distinctive feature of the Victorian Railways. It was first introduced on the Spirit of Progress express train in 1937 along with the winged "VR" logo, and was refined to the final form with the arrival of the B class diesel electric locomotives in 1952. The revised logo was inspired by that of the Erie Railroad in the United States.

While the Spirit of Progress carriages wore the royal blue and gold striping, the remainder of the passenger fleet wore a more plain red livery. Additional carriages did not appear in the blue and gold until the 1954 Royal Tour by HM Queen Elizabeth II. Freight stock was painted in a slightly different red / brown with only identifying lettering painted in white on the side.

With the coming of the standard gauge line into Victoria in 1961, the Victorian Railways held a competition to find a "symbol, sign or slogan" to be carried on new freight vehicles for the line. The winner was an 18-year-old art student from Bentleigh, with the logo being a stylised VR with arrowheads on either end. By the 1970s most bogie vehicles wore the logo, until May 1983 pending the launch of V/Line. In 1974, the Victorian Railways was rebranded as VicRail, with a new logo unveiled on 12 April 1976, but the royal blue and gold image was retained until 1981, when the orange and silver "teacup" scheme was launched on locomotives, Comeng trains, and passenger carriages. This was the last livery, with V/Line launched in August 1983 with a "stylised capital lettered logo with the V and the L split by a deep slashing stroke".

Named trains
The Victorian Railways operated a number of named passenger trains, including the:

 * Fruit Flyer
 * Geelong Flier
 * Great Northern Limited
 * The Overland
 * The Boat Train
 * Spirit of Progress
 * The Gippslander
 * Intercapital Daylight
 * Mildura Sunlight
 * Southern Aurora
 * The Northerner
 * The Vinelander
 * The West Coaster

The railways also operated a number of specialist trains that were used to bring services to rural and isolated populations. These included:
 * Better Farming Train
 * Reso Train
 * Train of Knowledge

Other functions
From 1888, the Victorian Railways began to take on a role in tourism, operating the Victorian Government Tourist Bureau until it was taken over by the state government in 1959. In connection with their role of promoting tourism, the railways ran three guesthouses/ski lodges which were taken over from previous operators: the Mount Buffalo Chalet from (1925–1985), the Feathertop Bungalow (1927–1939) and Hotham Heights (1934–1951).

In 1911, the Victorian Railways Commissioners assumed responsibility for the State Coal Mine at Wonthaggi from the Mines Department. VR also operated Newport Power Stations A and B.

Other operations included railway refreshment services, road motor services for passengers, and motor transport services for goods. The railways also operated two tram routes in Melbourne, the Electric Street Railways; the St Kilda to Brighton Beach Street Railway ( gauge) from 1906 until 1959 and the Sandringham to Black Rock tramway  from 1919 to 1956.

Publications
From 1930 until 1973, Victorian Railways News Letter was the Victorian Railways' inhouse journal. It was renamed Victorian Rail Ways in June 1973  and  VicRail News in March 1981.

title: Victorian Railways


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New South Wales Railways

New South Wales Railways may refer to one of a number of government agencies that have been responsible for operating railway services in the Australian state of New South Wales:

 * New South Wales Government Railways from 1855 until 1932
 * Department of Railways New South Wales from 1932 until 1972
 * Public Transport Commission from 1972 until 1980
 * State Rail Authority from 1980 until 2003
 * RailCorp from 2003 until 2013
 * NSW TrainLink since 2013

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: New South Wales Railways


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HVDC Visby–Näs

The HVDC Visby–Näs is a bipolar HVDC electric power transmission system between Visby and a wind power centre near Näs on Gotland, Sweden. The project went into service in 1999. The system operates at 80 kV with a maximum power of 50 megawatts. This HVDC system allows for voltage regulation in the connected AC systems.

Because obtaining a right-of-way for an overhead line is a lengthy and expensive procedure, the 70 kilometer line is constructed as an underground cable. Since an alternating current three-phase underground cable would have been more expensive, the HVDC system was selected for this project.

title: HVDC Visby–Näs


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User:Neonumbers/Music

Music is an art, entertainment, or other human activity which involves organized sound, though definitions may vary.

Defining music

 * Main article: Definitions of music.

Music is often defined by contrast with noise or speech. Some definitions of music place it explicitly within a cultural context by defining music as what people accept as musical.

Broadly, here are some groups of definitions:
 * Those that define music as an external fact, for example "organized sound" or as a category of perception
 * Those that label it according to context as a social construction or subjective experience
 * Those that seek a platonic or quasi-platonic ideal of music which is not rooted in specifically physical or mental terms, but in a higher truth.

The definition of music as sound with particular characteristics is taken as a given by psychoacoustics, and is a common one in musicology and performance. In this view, there are observable patterns to what is broadly labeled music, and while there is understandable cultural variations, the properties of music are the properties of sound as perceived and processed by people.

John Cage is the most famous advocate of the idea that anything can be music, saying, for example, "There is no noise, only sound," though some argue that this somewhat fascistically imposes the definition on everything. According to musicologist Jean-Jacques Nattiez (1990 p.47-8,55): "The border between music and noise is always culturally defined--which implies that, even within a single society, this border does not always pass through the same place; in short, there is rarely a consensus.... By all accounts there is no single and intercultural universal concept defining what music might be."

In support of the view that music is a label for a totality of different aspects which are culturally constructed. Often a definition of music lists the aspects or elements that make up music. Molino (1975: 43) argues that, in addition to a lack of consensus, "any element belonging to the total musical fact can be isolated, or taken as a strategic variable of musical production." Nattiez gives as examples Mauricio Kagel's Con Voce [with voice], where a masked trio silently mimes playing instruments. In this example sound, a common element, is excluded, while gesture, a less common element, is given primacy.

The platonic ideal of music is currently the least fashionable in the philosophy of criticism and music, because it is crowded on one side by the physical view - what is the metasubstance of music made of, if not sound? - and on the other hand by the constructed view of music - how can one tell the difference between any metanarrative of music and one which is merely intersubjective? However, its appeal, finding unexpected mathematical relationships in music, and finding analogies between music and physics, for example string theory, means that this view continues to find adherents, including such critics and performers as Charles Rosen and Edward Rothstein.

Aspects of music

 * Main article: Aspects of music.

The traditional or classical European aspects of music often listed are those elements given primacy in European-influenced classical music: melody, harmony, rhythm, tone color, and form. However, a more comprehensive list is given by stating the aspects of sound: pitch, timbre, intensity, and duration. 4 These aspects combine to create secondary aspects including structure, texture and style. Other commonly included aspects include the spatial location or the movement in space of sounds, gesture, and dance. Silence is also often considered an aspect of music, if it is considered to exist.

As mentioned above not only do the aspects included as music vary, their importance varies. For instance, melody and harmony are often considered to be given more importance in classical music at the expense of rhythm and timbre. John Cage considers duration the primary aspect of music as, being the temporal aspect of music, it is the only aspect common to both "sound" and "silence".

It is often debated whether there are aspects of music which are universal. The debate often hinges on definitions, for instance the fairly common assertion that "tonality" is a universal of all music may necessarily require an expansive definition of tonality. A pulse is sometimes taken as a universal, yet there exist solo vocal and instrumental genres with free and improvisational rhythms no regular pulse;5 one example is the alap section of a Hindustani music performance. According to Dane Harwood, "We must ask whether a cross-cultural musical universal is to be found in the music itself (either its structure or function) or the way in which music is made. By 'music-making,' I intend not only actual performance but also how music is heard, understood, even learned." 6

title: User:Neonumbers/Music


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Matt Nagle

Matthew Nagle (October 16, 1979 – July 24, 2007) was the first person to use a brain–computer interface to restore functionality lost due to paralysis. He was a C3 tetraplegic, paralyzed from the neck down after being stabbed.

Biography
Nagle attended Weymouth High School (Class of 1998). He was an exceptional athlete and a star football player. In 2001, he sustained a stabbing injury while leaving the town's annual fireworks show near Wessagussett Beach on July 3. He was stabbed and his spinal cord severed when he stepped in to help a friend.

Nagle died on July 24, 2007, in Stoughton, Massachusetts, from sepsis.

BrainGate Clinical Trial
Nagle agreed to participate in a clinical trial involving the BrainGate Neural Interface System (developed by Cyberkinetics) out of a desire to again be healthy and lead a normal life, and in hopes that modern medical discoveries could help him. He also hoped that his participation in this Clinical Trial would help improve the lives of people who, like him, suffered injuries or diseases that cause severe motor disabilities.

The device was implanted on June 22, 2004, by neurosurgeon Gerhard Friehs. A 96-electrode "Utah Array" was placed on the surface of his brain over the region of motor cortex that controlled his dominant left hand and arm. A link connected it to the outside of his skull, where it could be connected to a computer. The computer was then trained to recognize Nagle's thought patterns and associate them with movements he was trying to achieve.

While he was implanted, Matt could control a computer "mouse" cursor, using it then to press buttons that can control TV, check e-mail, and do basically everything that can be done by pressing buttons. He could draw (although the cursor control is not precise) on the screen. He could also send commands to an external prosthetic hand (close and open). The results of the study are published in the journal Nature. Per Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations and the study protocol, the BrainGate device was removed from him after approximately one year.

"I can't put it into words. It's just—I use my brain. I just thought it. I said, 'Cursor go up to the top right.' And it did, and now I can control it all over the screen. It will give me a sense of independence."

Charges against assailant
On June 5, 2008, a grand jury in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, indicted on a second-degree murder charge Nagle's attacker Nicholas Cirignano. Cirignano had in 2005 been convicted of Nagle's stabbing and sentenced to nine years' imprisonment. District Attorney William Keating used the state medical examiner's ruling that the stabbing had caused Nagle's eventual death as grounds to seek the murder charge.

On April 10, 2009, a Superior Court Judge ruled that Cirignano could not be tried for murder, as the jury's verdict from the original assault case had already determined that one of the key components to a murder charge, malice, was negated by excessive force in self-defence. However, the lesser charge of manslaughter could still, in theory, be applied.

title: Matt Nagle


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User:Alan2005

Hi there im curently liveing in Scotland UK, im am 25 years old and a on going reanl patient for 25 years im also a trainee doctor in the reanl pratice.

I am not one for talking about my self so dont ask + i dont no what to write hear lol and q's ask me

title: User:Alan2005


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User:AE.Vasconcelos

I'm a Portuguese UNIX sysadmin and very nostalgic about 1980's 8-bit computers, specially Sir Clive Sinclair's ZX Spectrum, it's hardware and software.

Just found out about Wikipedia (April 2005) and I'm having some fun adding details to the English Spectrum pages. I'm thinking about translating at least some Spectrum related articles to Portuguese.

Vasco

title: User:AE.Vasconcelos


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Moussa Traoré

Moussa Traoré (25 September 1936 – 15 September 2020) was a Malian soldier, politician, and dictator who was President of Mali from 1968 to 1991. As a lieutenant, he led the military ousting of President Modibo Keïta in 1968. Thereafter he served as head of state until March 1991, when he was overthrown by popular protests and a military coup.

He was twice condemned to death in the 1990s, but eventually pardoned on both occasions and freed in 2002. He retired from public life and died in 2020.

Early life
Born in Kayes Region, Traoré studied at Kita and at the military academy in Fréjus, France. He returned to Mali in 1960, after its 1959 independence. He became second lieutenant in 1961, and lieutenant in 1963. He went to Tanganyika (which later together with Zanzibar formed the new state of Tanzania) as military instructor to its liberation movements. He then became instructor at the École militaire interarmes in Kati.

Head of state, 1968–1991
On 19 November 1968 he took part in the coup d'état which deposed President Modibo Keïta. He became president of the Comité militaire de libération nationale, which made him effective Head of state of Mali. All political activity was banned. A police state was run by Captain Tiécoro Bagayoko. Informers monitored academics and teachers, mostly hostile to the military rule. The socialist economic policies of Modibo Keïta were partially dropped. In 1972–1973, a major drought hit Mali.

In 1974, Traoré issued a changed constitution for a Malian Second Republic, which was inaugurated in 1978. The new constitution was purported to move Mali toward civilian rule, the military junta stayed in power. In September 1976, they established the Democratic Union of the Malian People (UDPM), a new ruling political party organised according to a "non-ideological democratic centralism". In June 1979, a single-party general election was held. As general secretary of the UPDM, Traoré was automatically elected to a six-year term as president, and he was confirmed in office with 99 percent of the vote. The UDPM was intended to be the main link between the government and the people. Among its auxiliaries were the Union Nationale des Femmes du Mali and Union Nationale des Jeunes du Mali, compulsory organisations for women and young people.

In 1977 ex-president Modibo Keïta died in detention, in suspicious circumstances. The government reacted strongly, and made violent arrests. On 28 February 1978, Moussa Traoré had arrested both Tiécoro Bagayoko and Kissima Doukara, defense and security minister, on accusations of plotting a coup. In trying to move to more open politics, he appointed the historian Alpha Oumar Konaré as arts minister. In 1980, student demonstrations were broken up, and their leader Abdoul Karim Camara ("Cabral") died from torture. In 1982, he was made commander-in-chief. Traoré was chairperson of the Organization of African Unity from May 1988 to July 1989.

Traoré was reelected in 1985, again as the only candidate. Later that year, the UDPM-controlled legislature amended the constitution to exempt him from the two-term limit.

The political situation stabilized during 1981 and 1982, and remained generally calm throughout the 1980s. The UDPM began attracting additional members as it demonstrated that it could counter an effective voice against the excesses of local administrative authorities. Shifting its attention to Mali's economic difficulties, the government approved plans for cereal marketing liberalization, reform in the state enterprise system, new incentives to private enterprise, and an agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). However, by 1990, there was growing dissatisfaction with the demands for austerity imposed by the IMF's economic reform programs and the perception that the president and his close associates were not themselves adhering to those demands. As in other African countries, demands for multi-party democracy increased. Traoré allowed some reforms, including the establishment of an independent press and independent political associations, but insisted that Mali was not ready for democracy.

Agacher Strip War
On December 25, 1985 tensions rose between Mali led by Traoré and Burkina Faso led by Thomas Sankara. Traoré's regime struggled to manage social unrest. When officials in Burkina Faso conducted a census in disputed border communities, Malian forces launched an offensive on Christmas Day. Since Mali had more power than Burkina Faso they used guerrilla warfare as the war continued raids were conducted in both countries. Then in early 1986 a peace agreement was made and resulted in Thomas Sankara and Traoré to avoid each other. This would affect Mali negatively but it boosted his popularity.

Opposition and overthrow
In 1990, the National Congress for Democratic Initiative (Congrès National d’Initiative démocratique, CNID) was set up by the lawyer Mountaga Tall, and the Alliance for Democracy in Mali (Alliance pour la démocratie au Mali, ADEMA) by Abdramane Baba and historian Alpha Oumar Konaré. These with the Association des élèves et étudiants du Mali (AEEM) and the Association Malienne des Droits de l'Homme (AMDH) aimed to contest Moussa Traoré's rule, with a plural political life.

On 22 March 1991 a huge protest march in central Bamako was put down violently, with estimates of those killed reaching 150. Four days later, the commander of Traoré's presidential guard, Col. Amadou Toumani Touré, removed Traoré from office and arrested him. A Transitional Committee for the Salvation of the People was set up under Touré's chairmanship, which oversaw a transition to democracy a year later.

Trials and pardons
Imprisoned in Markala local Prison, in February 1993, Traoré was condemned to death for "political crimes", largely focused on the killing of around 300 pro-democracy demonstrators in Bamako, but his sentence was later commuted. In 1999 he was once more condemned to death with his wife Mariam Traoré, for "economic crimes": the embezzling of the equivalent of US$350,000 during his rule. President Alpha Oumar Konaré commuted these sentences to life imprisonment. Shortly before leaving office, on 29 May 2002, he further pardoned the couple, for the sake of national reconciliation, a stance which incoming president Amadou Toumani Touré championed.

Traoré's once reviled legacy somewhat softened under Touré, with the former dictator recognised at least informally as a former head of state and many former supporters now rallying around Chogel Maiga's Patriotic Movement for Renewal party (Mouvement Patriotique pour le Renouveau, MPR). Both Traoré and his wife retired from public life, in part due to ill health.

Death
Traoré died on 15 September 2020, in Bamako just ten days before his 84th birthday. There are no details on his cause of death.

title: Moussa Traoré


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Marie Stubbs

Marie, Lady Stubbs, DSG (born 1939) is a British educator and academic, mostly known for being the headmistress who reformed St George's Roman Catholic Secondary School, in Maida Vale, London.

Early career
Marie Margaret Stubbs was born in Glasgow, and became head teacher at Douay Martyrs School in Ickenham. She was also responsible for the running of secure unit for girls in South London.

Headmistress of St George's
The school had been put on "special measures" by Ofsted, meaning that it was considered to be well below standard and subject to regular inspection. The students had serious behavioural problems and there was low morale among the staff, due in part to the murder of a previous headmaster, Philip Lawrence, who was stabbed to death when intervening in a fight at the school gates.

A new headteacher, Margaret Ryan, was appointed and later resigned. As a result, Lady Stubbs was asked to leave retirement and given a contract of seventeen months to reform the school or it would face closure. Seventeen months after her appointment as headmistress, the school was taken off special measures, once believed to be impossible by some and was no longer considered to be failing.

In regards to Stubbs' term, Paul McGuire of the South China Morning Post wrote "there is little doubt that the single-minded determination of [Stubbs] [...] had a fundamental impact on the school's improvement." McGuire stated that "tension and controversy", with "some of it acted out in the national press" had occurred during Stubbs' term.

Second retirement
Following her experience at St George's, she wrote the book Ahead of the Class which outlines her time at the school as well as her opinions on the need for good leadership of headteachers in order for schools to succeed. She quoted about education: "You should sit down and decide what makes a good education for the children. Every child should be intrinsically valued." In 2005, ITV made the book into a two-hour drama with Julie Walters in the role of Lady Stubbs.

Personal life
Lady Stubbs has been married to Sir William Stubbs, formerly Head of the QCA, since 1963. The couple divide their time between London and Banbury, Oxfordshire. They have three daughters and six grandchildren.

Honours

 * Member of the governing body of De Montfort University, which awarded her an honorary doctorate
 * Catholic Woman of the Year (2002)
 * Nominated as Scotswoman of the Year (2005)

Decorations

 * Order of St. Gregory the Great.png :- Dame of the Order of Saint Gregory the Great (DSG)

Styles

 * 1963–1994 – Mrs Marie Stubbs
 * 1994–present – Marie, Lady Stubbs

title: Marie Stubbs


text:
Featherstone Rovers

Featherstone Rovers are a professional rugby league club in Featherstone, West Yorkshire, England. The club play home games at Post Office Road and currently compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Featherstone Rovers have won the League Championship once and Challenge Cup three times.

Their local rivals are Castleford and Wakefield Trinity, and in the Championship, Halifax. The clubs traditional home colours are white with blue hoops.

1889–1902: Origins
Featherstone Trinity RUFC were formed in 1889. Featherstone Trinity played their first game on the New Inn fields against Castleford Mill Lane Rovers. The following season in 1890, Featherstone went 19 games without defeat. They dropped the Trinity to become simply Featherstone RUFC in 1894. Featherstone voted to join the Northern Union in 1898 and became the town's first rugby league team. Featherstone played in the following competitions the Charlesworth Cup (1889 to 1905), the Dunhill Cup. (1890 to 1894) and the Yorkshire Second Competition (1898 to 1902). They folded in 1902.

1902–1945: Foundation
A new club, Featherstone Rovers, was formed in the Railway Hotel in 1902, reformed in 1906 and joined the Northern Union in 1907. Initially the club played in the Dewsbury, Wakefield & District League (1919 to 1921) as well as the Yorkshire Combination (1905 to 1912) and The Yorkshire Junior Cup (1909 to 1921). The club was originally made up of local miners and between 1912 and 1913 played at the Featherstone Main Colliery Welfare Ground. In 1913 Featherstone Rovers merged with Purston White Horse.

To bolster the ranks of the war time league, Featherstone Rovers along with Brighouse Rangers and St Helens Recs were promoted from district leagues to join the senior clubs for the duration of the conflict, although Featherstone only lasted one season.

After the First World War, Featherstone took part in the Leeds & District League (1913 to 1921) and the Wakefield & District League (1919 to 1921).

Featherstone became a semi-professional club on 14 June 1921, beating Bradford Northern in their first game as a senior club. Their first game at Post Office Road attracted 4,000 fans. The finished 24th in their first season. They then finished 12th, 23rd, 17th, 15th, 11th and 3rd in 1927–28

Rovers reached the Championship final after just seven seasons, losing 11–0 to Swinton in the 1928 final. Rovers ended the 1928–29 season finishing 25th, although they reached a cup final, beaten by Leeds in the Yorkshire Cup decider. The 1930s were a poor decade for Featherstone, finishing in the bottom half of the league in every season, and finishing bottom three times.

Rovers' first major silverware was won in 1939–40, when they lifted the Yorkshire County Cup. They finished 7th in the Yorkshire Emergency War League both in 1939–40 and 1940–41. The counties united in 1941–42 and Rovers finished 12th. They were a mid table side during these few years finishing 8th, 13th and 14th.

Post-war
As Rovers emerged from the Second World War in 1945, results were not as good as hoped finishing 13th in the first season post-war, they then finished in bottom few places in the league for the next few years. After two seasons in charge, former player Bill Sherwood gave way to a new coach, and the committee decided to go for a big name, which turned out to be Stan Smith.

Rovers made a bright start and won their opening three fixtures, however, after beating Batley in November, Rovers lost 24 straight games and won only once more in the rest of the season, by which time Stan Smith had left the club. Bill Sherwood re-assumed the coaching role for three more seasons until 1951.

Eric Batten came in as player-coach in the summer of 1951. From rock bottom strugglers, Featherstone were gradually transformed into a fit and competitive side, capable of matching the best in the league on their day. Rovers' first visit to Wembley Stadium was in the 1952 Challenge Cup Final, the first to be televised. They were defeated 18–10 by Workington Town in front of a crowd of 72,093.

In the summer of 1956 Rovers allowed Batten to leave the club and appointed a new coach, Bill Hudson. Hudson left towards the end of the season in March. The explanation being that Hudson could no longer commit himself to the job having moved out of the local area. Rovers decided against appointing a new coach mid-season and played out the 1956–57 season without a coach.

Harold Moxon took over and Rovers finished 8th in the league, up from 15th the previous season. In subsequent years, Rovers came 13th, 5th, 9th, 3rd and 11th. The club had previously managed a top ten finish on just three occasions (in 1928, 1955 and 1956). Rovers managed four Challenge Cup semi-finals in five years but lost all of them. They did, however, win the Yorkshire Cup in 1959 after a tight victory over Hull; the last time Rovers ever won that famous old trophy before it was abandoned in 1993. Just eleven days after that success, Rovers beat Australia 23–15 in a tour match.

In 1959, the club's record attendance was set at 17,531 for a third round Challenge Cup match against St. Helens. This was more than the population of the village of Featherstone

Moxon's coaching career ended in the summer of 1963.

1960s
Johnny Malpass took over as coach of the Featherstone Rovers in August 1963. In his first season, Malpass steered Rovers to fourth in the table, other highlights that year included beating the Australian tourists for a second successive time. The next seasons Rovers finished 15th and Malpass quit as coach after a heavy defeat by St Helens in the play-offs.

Laurie Gant took over from Johnny Malpass as Rovers coach in the summer of 1966. Rovers finished 20th in the league in 1966–67 but Rovers' won the Challenge Cup in 1967. Despite their lowly league position they defeated Bradford Northern, Wakefield Trinity, Castleford and Leeds to get to Wembley Stadium. Barrow provided the opposition in the final where a crowd of 77,000 paid a then record £54,435 to watch the game. Rovers won the match 17–12. Only Widnes in 1937 had accomplished the feat from a lower position in the league table. Featherstone Rovers also reached the final of the Yorkshire Cup but were beaten 25–12 by Hull Kingston Rovers.

In 1968–69 the side finally began to put together some consistent league form and finished 7th followed by 8th the following year and a Yorkshire Cup final defeat 12–9 to Hull. Rovers featured in a 1969 BBC documentary 'The Game that Got Away' which profiled the state of rugby league in 1969 and the on and off-field fortunes of Rovers.

1970s
They reached the Yorkshire Cup final again in 1970, losing to Leeds 23–7.

Peter Fox took over as coach mid-season from Laurie Gant in December 1970. He won only six games of his first 22 in charge but Rovers recovered to finish seventh in the league the following season.

This was followed by a then best ever finish of second in 1973. Rovers repeated the feat of six years earlier, when Bradford Northern were beaten 33–14 in the 1973 Challenge Cup final. Cyril Kellett's 8-goals for Featherstone Rovers against Bradford Northern in the final is still a record that has only been matched by Iestyn Harris for Leeds Rhinos against London Broncos 1999 final.

The following season Rovers dropped back to eighth but enjoyed a Wembley return to the 1974 Challenge Cup final. Following a defeat by Warrington, Fox left and was replaced by former player Tommy Smales.

In 1974–75 Tommy Smales quit due to the pressures of work, and Rovers turned to Keith Goulding. They then finished 8th, 4th and were runners up again in 1975–76, pipped by just a single point to the title, coach Keith Goulding leaving mid-season to be replaced by another Tommy Smales, unrelated to the coach of the same name who had been in charge of Featherstone a few years earlier.

Keith Cotton took over, as Smales stepped down, in the summer of 1976. Rovers were crowned Division One champions in 1976/77, their greatest season, winning 21 games out of 30 and finishing 5 points clear of nearest rivals St Helens. They also reached the Yorkshire Cup final, losing to Leeds 16–12.

In 1977–78 Rovers finished 7th and again reached the Yorkshire Cup final but were beaten 17–7 by Castleford. Head coach Keith Cotton quit and Keith Goulding filled in for the rest of 1977–78. Rovers persuaded veteran forward Terry Clawson to take on the player-coach's role. Rovers won just two of their first ten games. A heavy loss at Rochdale convinced everyone it was time for a change and Clawson quit. He was replaced by former club loose forward Tommy Smales. They were relegated only two years after their title win.

1980s and early 1990s
Featherstone won promotion from the Second Division in 1980 under coach Paul Daley. Featherstone Rovers secured the first ever British rugby league shirt sponsorship deal during the 1981–82 season. LinPac Packaging appeared on the Featherstone Rovers jersey and were the main sponsor of the club until 1989. Daley resigned in January 1981 despite Rovers winning ten of their opening 16 fixtures and in came Vince Farrar. Featherstone did just enough to stay up in the end finishing just two points ahead of relegated Halifax.

Rovers made a poor start in the league were facing relegation when Vince Farrar was sacked in November 1982. Allan Agar joined Featherstone as captain-coach in December; Featherstone Rovers won the Challenge Cup as underdogs on 7 May 1983 beating Hull F.C. 14–12 in front of an 84,969 Wembley crowd. Steve Quinn secured their victory with a late penalty goal.

The following season (1984–85) saw a slight upturn in the club's fortunes whilst off-field the town struggled through the miners' strike of 1984–85. The club allowed pass holders in for that season free with the understanding they would pay for their passes when the strike had ended. David Hobbs was sold to Oldham to balance the club's books. When the following season started in a similar vein, a heavy defeat at Wigan triggered the resignation of Allan Agar.

George Pieniazek arrived as replacement, Rovers had started the 1985–86 season badly but managed to stay up under their new coach. Rovers started the next season badly as well and Pieniazek was sacked in November. Paul Daley came in as coach for the second time but failed to turn the team around mid-season and Featherstone Rovers were relegated in April 1987 for the second time in their history.

Peter Fox returned to the club for a second spell as coach in 1987 and stayed until 1991. They won promotion at the first attempt in 1987–88 before finishing 6th on their return to the top-flight. Featherstone sold Post Office Road to the local council in February 1988. In 1989 Rovers reached the Yorkshire Cup final for the 10th and last time losing 20–14 to Bradford Northern. Another successful league campaign in 1990–91 saw Rovers finish 7th and go to the semi-finals of the Premiership with a famous win at all-conquering Wigan.

Not long into the following season, Fox accepted the offer of a job at Bradford, the club turned once again to former captain-coach Allan Agar. Rovers struggled for consistency through the rest of 1991–92 and then were relegated on points difference through a remarkable combination of results on the final day of the season. Steve Martin became the coach and Rovers won the Second Division title in 1992–93.

They finished 11th in their return to the top division in 1993–94. Martin was sacked and replaced by David Ward. Despite finishing 11th in the league, and appearing in the Challenge Cup semi-final, Rovers were demoted in 1995 to make way for the new "Super League".

1996–2006: Summer era and financial difficulties
In 1996, the first tier of British rugby league clubs played the inaugural Super League season and changed from a winter to a summer season. When a Rupert Murdoch-funded Super League competition was proposed, part of the deal was that some traditional clubs would merge. Featherstone Rovers were asked to merge with local rivals Castleford and Wakefield Trinity to form a new club, Calder, which would compete in the Super League. Trinity's shareholders voted 2:1 in favour of a merger but Featherstone's members voted against by a large margin and this was resisted.

In 1995 Rovers finished 11th in the 16-team First Division but were effectively relegated to make way for London Broncos and Paris Saint-Germain. They reached the semi-finals of the Challenge Cup in 1995 before losing to Leeds 39–22. They finished 5th in the 1st Division of the centenary season of 1995–96, followed by 4th in the first summer season. A poor start to the 1997 season led Ward to offer his resignation, which the club reluctantly accepted.

Steve Simms came in as coach and after finishing 7th in 1997, Featherstone went within a whisker of gaining Super League status in 1998. They were beaten 24–22 by neighbours Wakefield Trinity in the promotion-deciding inaugural First Division grand final. When it became apparent that funds would not be available to continue the push for Super League in 1999, Simms resigned.

Assistant coach Kevin Hobbs took over; at the beginning of the 1999 season a new side had to be built. A decent start saw Rovers win five straight league games, but then lose the next three. After defeat at Doncaster, Kevin Hobbs quit his post, citing verbal abuse his family had received from some fans.

Peter Roe was in charge of Featherstone from 1999 to October 2001, before leaving to take charge of Wakefield Trinity. Under him, Rovers finished 5th in 1999 and 2000 and 4th in 2001. He was replaced by his assistant Ian Fairhurst.

After finishing 5th again, in November 2002, Featherstone went into administration, owing the Inland Revenue £97,000 and with total debts of £403,000.

In September 2003, Andy Kelly's contract was not renewed following their failure to reach the National League One play-offs for the first time in six years, finishing 7th.

Rovers again finished 5th in 2004, and after heroically beating Hull Kingston Rovers 19–18 in the play-offs, lost to Whitehaven in the Final eliminator.

In 2005, David Hobbs was appointed coach of Featherstone Rovers half-way through the season after Gary Price left, he failed to save Rovers from relegation to National League Two.

In late 2006, the "Friends of Featherstone" were formed, their main aim being to provide money for contracts for players to ensure that Rovers gained promotion to National League One. The money raised enabled Rovers to sign players such as Paul Handforth, Chris Ross, Tom Haughey, Jamie Field and Loz Wildbore.

Their first season in the third tier of Rugby League was not a success, finishing 4th and losing to Swinton in the play-offs.

2007–2008: Promotion to the Championship
In 2007 after finishing runners up in the league to big spending Crusaders, Rovers won promotion back to National League One (The Second level on the pyramid) from National League Two after a two-year absence with a 24–6 win over Oldham at Headingley.

Featherstone finished 8th on their return to the second tier of Rugby League.

As of the start of the 2009 season clubs wishing to participate in the Super League competition have to gain a licence granted by the Rugby Football League removing promotion to and relegation from the top tier. Featherstone did apply for the first round of licences though with the popular view this would not be successful and could be used as a learning experience for future bids. In July 2008 the RFL made its decision selection all current Super League teams plus two from the National Leagues, Salford and Celtic Crusaders.

In November 2010 it was announced by Rovers that they would not be applying for a super league licence for the 2012 season. Although Rovers have ambitions to play in Super League, they say they are not yet in a position to apply for a licence. They accept they have to increase their support base before they are able to make a realistic application.

2009–2013: Daryl Powell era
Daryl Powell was appointed coach in September 2008 and gave Rovers a fantastic end to the 2009 season. After finishing 6th and only just getting in the play-offs Rovers beat Sheffield Eagles and Widnes away before a cruel 32–30 loss in the final eliminator to Halifax.

In 2010, Rovers finished first in the league table with a 100% away record and claimed the League Leaders' Shield. They reached the Championship Grand Final by beating Halifax 46–16 in the semi-final. They went on to lose the final to Halifax 23–22 in extra time. The close season saw the departure of club chief executive Andy Prout to be replaced by Stuart Sheard.

In 2011 Featherstone went one better than 2010 by beating Sheffield Eagles 40–4 in the Grand Final at the Halliwell Jones Stadium in Warrington as well as retaining the League Leaders' Shield in the regular season.

On 14 April 2012 Featherstone beat their local rivals Castleford 23–16 in the Challenge Cup 4th round. The victory, the first for a lower-league side over a Super League club since Barrow defeated Cas in 2010, was televised nationally on Sky Sports. Rovers hosted Cup holders Wigan in the fifth round, putting up a competitive display, and making Wigan work hard before succumbing to a 32–16 defeat. They reached the final of the Northern Rail Cup for the first time, losing to Halifax 21–15. They won the League Leaders' Shield for the third year in a row, before losing in the grand final 20–16 to Sheffield Eagles.

2013 started brightly, challenging for the title again with impressive league wins against rivals Halifax and Batley as well as a memorable narrow Challenge Cup defeat by Super League London Broncos. Daryl Powell, the most successful coach in the clubs recent history, left the club on 5 May.

2014–present: Super League bid
After Daryl Powell left, a string of coaches followed. Ryan Sheridan was in charge for 8 games, before Sean Long took over as football manager with Danny Evans as first team coach. Together they helped the club win the League Leaders' Shield again before losing the play off semi final in extra time to Batley. John Bastien then took over for 2014 but was sacked after 11 games and a number of poor performances.

In mid-2014 the RFL announced a new structure to be in place for the 2015 season. Super League was to be reduced to 12 teams, with 12 teams in the Championship and 14 in League 1. Promotion and relegation was to be brought back via a 'qualifier' league at the end of the season where the bottom four teams in Super League and the top four teams in the Championship would play each other to determine who would be in Super League the following season.

Andy Hay was appointed as head coach in May 2014. Despite off-field turmoil, he managed to guide the club to 2nd place in the league and a place in the Grand Final against Leigh, although they lost 36–12. An inconsistent run of results led him to be sacked in July 2015.

Jon Sharp took over and having missed out on the top four, won the Championship Shield in his first year in charge, defeating London Broncos 36–4. In 2016, Rovers finished in the top 4, although they lost all seven games in the qualifiers. Rovers again reached the top four in 2017, however Sharp was sacked with one game remaining in the regular season.

In the 2019 Championship season, Featherstone reached the Million Pound Game against Toronto Wolfpack but were defeated 24-6. On 10 October 2021, Featherstone once again reached the Million Pound Game with the opponents this time being French side Toulouse Olympique. Featherstone trailed 16-0 at half-time before losing the match 34-12. On 28 May 2022, Featherstone reached the final of the 2022 RFL 1895 Cup against Leigh but lost 30-16.

In October 2022, Featherstone appointed Sean Long as their new head coach. On 7 August 2023, Featherstone terminated Long as head coach despite the club sitting eight points clear on the top of the RFL Championship table. On 3 June 2024, Featherstone were hit with a winding up petition due to unpaid debts. It was also reported that players had not had their wages paid on time.

Stadium
Late 2008 saw a major announcement in the history of Featherstone Rovers, a possible move away from Post Office Road. Featherstone are in a rare situation, that they own an expanse of land around the current stadium. The proposed development would include a supermarket, community sports facilities and a purpose-built 12,000 capacity stadium though this could be reduced to a 6,500 modular design. Should it be needed the capacity can be increased to the required 12,000 if the club bid successfully for 2015 or 2018. Though more recent plans on the website state that the club "see the provision of a 21st century stadium through the enhancement (and movement!) of the existing Post Office Road pitch, development and provision of new stands and integral function and educational suites which will enable us to build on our existing and unique award winning community programmes."

Colours
Featherstone's traditional playing colours are navy blue and white. They usually play in irregular navy blue and white hoops.

Badge
Featherstone used the town's coat of arms as their badge until 2009 when a new club crest was introduced. The new badge was less traditional with a pirate, the club's mascot and Rovers underneath in the club's colours. In 2014 the club reverted to using the town's coat of arms but had it in blue and white with the year the club was founded, 1921 within it.

2024 squad
Coach:

🏴 James Ford

Assistant Coach(s):

🏴 Ian Hardman

2024 transfers
Gains

Losses

Hall of Fame
The following players have been inducted into Featherstone Rovers' Hall of Fame. The number in brackets indicates the year in which the player was inducted.

 * John Keith Bridges (2003)
 * Vince Farrar (2003)
 * Keith Bell (2009)
 * Jack "Jackie" Fennell (2009)
 * Les Tonks (2009)
 * Carl Dooler (2010)
 * Deryck Fox (2010)
 * David Hobbs (2010)
 * Stuart Dickens (2012)
 * Cliff Lambert (2014)
 * Arnie Morgan (2014)
 * John Newlove (2014)
 * Mike Smith (2014)
 * Cyril Woolford (2014)
 * Paul Coventry (2015)
 * Peter Fox (2015)
 * Paul Newlove (2015)
 * Charlie Stone (2015)
 * Brendon Tuuta
 * Steve Quinn
 * Steve Nash (2016)
 * Jimmy Thompson
 * Don Fox
 * Joe Mullaney
 * Jim Denton
 * Eric Batten
 * Freddie Miller
 * Peter Smith
 * Jack Hirst
 * Malcolm Dixon

League

 * First Division / Super League
 * Winners (1): 1976–77

 * Second Division / Championship
 * Winners (3): 1979–80, 1992–93, 2011
 * RFL Championship Leaders' Shield
 * Winners (5): 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2023

Cups

 * Challenge Cup
 * Winners (3): 1966–67, 1972–73, 1982–83

 * RFL Yorkshire Cup
 * Winners (2):1939–40, 1959–60

 * RFL 1895 Cup
 * Winners: 2021

Other

 * Championship Shield
 * Winners (2): 2015, 2018

title: Featherstone Rovers


text:
Halligan

Halligan can refer to:

 * Halligan (surname)
 * Halligan bar, a tool used by firefighters
 * USS Halligan (DD-584), a US Navy destroyer

title: Halligan


text:
HVDC Hellsjön–Grängesberg

The HVDC Hellsjön–Grängesberg is a test range from ABB between Hellsjön and Grängesberg to the testing of new components for HVDC. It consists of a 10 kilometer long overhead line, which was originally used as three-phase alternating current line and which is occasionally used for DC transmissions. The maximum transmission rate of the HVDC Hellsjön–Grängesberg is 3 megawatt, the operating voltage 10 kV (symmetrical against earth). When it was first built in 1893, it was the first Swedish power station to make use of the three-phase electric power system which had been invented only a few years earlier by the Swedish inventor Jonas Wenström.

Waypoints

 * 60.06384°N, 14.9951°W
 * 60.06372°N, 15.00625°W
 * 60.06317°N, 15.01262°W
 * 60.06308°N, 15.02033°W
 * 60.06301°N, 15.03135°W
 * 60.05882°N, 15.05515°W
 * 60.05476°N, 15.07202°W
 * 60.0536°N, 15.09207°W
 * 60.04751°N, 15.14041°W
 * 60.04751°N, 15.1475°W

title: HVDC Hellsjön–Grängesberg


text:
Help talk:Formula

Meta:Help:Formula authors and history

 * 03:00, 24 May 2006 User:71.142.245.177

 * 00:43, 24 May 2006 User:201.239.178.52

 * 11:29, 3 May 2006  contribs)|  m

 * 11:21, 3 May 2006  contribs)|  (Help:Formula moved to Help:Displaying formulas: not about performing computations, like #expr does)

= From Meta:Help talk:Formula =

title: Help talk:Formula


text:
Talk:Institute of Contemporary Arts

Untitled
Their website has no history or any background. I cant even find out when it was founded (late 1950s?). Justinc 10:09, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Well earlier than 1957 anyway... Justinc 10:23, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

There's a little bit now at: http://www.ica.org.uk/?lid=12350; we're working on a proper history at the moment BirchallDanny 11:22, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

Promotional material
I've removed information about 2007 shows at the gallery, more promotional than informative. The mobile photography show is copied from the ICA website .--Ethicoaestheticist 11:55, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

Postal address doesn't conform to photo of main entrance
The photo is of the public/main entrance which is on The Mall (London). The postal address is on the opposite end of the building on Carlton House Terrace. Will modify entry to reflect this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Irritant (talk • contribs) 21:17, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Institute of Contemporary Arts. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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title: Talk:Institute of Contemporary Arts


text:
Craig Forrest

Craig Lorne Forrest (born 20 September 1967) is a Canadian former professional soccer player and sports commentator.

As a player, he was a goalkeeper from 1985 until 2002, playing his entire career in England. He made Premier League appearances for Ipswich Town, Chelsea and West Ham United, whilst also spending time on loan in the Football League with Colchester United. He made 56 international appearances, representing Canada. In 2012 as part of the Canadian Soccer Association's centennial celebration, he was named to the all-time Canada XI men's team.

Early life
Born and raised in British Columbia, Forrest began playing football at age 12. He first tried goalkeeping when a friend could not make it to a game and he decided to play as a replacement. He began playing with Coquitlam Bel-Aire City and also played for the BC U-16 and U-18 provincial teams. He was scouted by scouts from England and, in 1984, he travelled to England, signing a two-year apprenticeship deal with Ipswich Town at the age of 17 and soon after was training with the English national youth team.

Ipswich Town
Forrest joined English league side Ipswich Town in 1984 and remained with the club until 1997, making 263 league appearances. Forrest saw his first first-team action with 11 appearances on loan to Colchester United in the 1987–88 season. From 1988 to 1989 through to 1996–97, Forrest was in the Ipswich Town goal, including during the 1991–92 season when the club won promotion to the newly established Premier League by winning the old Football League Second Division. Forrest was ever-present that season. He was also one of only 13 foreign players to play on the opening weekend of the FA Premier League along with John Jensen, Jan Stejskal, Anders Limpar, Peter Schmeichel, Andrei Kanchelskis, Robert Warzycha, Eric Cantona, Ronnie Rosenthal, Michel Vonk, Gunnar Halle, Roland Nilsson and Hans Segers. He was the goalkeeper for what was then the heaviest Premiership defeat in history when Ipswich lost 9–0 to Manchester United at Old Trafford in March 1995.

His goalkeeping helped Ipswich beat United (then in the early years of their period of dominance of English football) on two occasions in the first three seasons of the Premier League – a 2–1 win at Portman Road in February 1993 and a 3–2 victory there in September 1994 - as well as holding them to draws at Old Trafford in August 1992 and November 1993 - on the latter occasion he ensured that Ipswich were one of just three sides who visited United in the league without conceding a goal that season. He was voted Goalkeeper of the Month in the Premier League for October 1994, and around this time an offer of around £2 million from an unnamed club for Forrest's services was rejected by Ipswich. He remained loyal to the club despite their relegation at the end of that season, and stayed there for another two seasons.

Forrest went on loan to Chelsea from Ipswich in 1997, playing in the same team with the likes of Gianluca Vialli and Gianfranco Zola under the guidance of manager Ruud Gullit. A permanent move to Chelsea was turned down by the Ipswich Board of Directors.

West Ham United
Forrest signed for West Ham United in the summer of 1997 for £500,000. Forrest played a number of first-team games in the FA Premier League in the late 1990s and early 2000s with the east Londoners, remaining at Boleyn Ground until his retirement from football in 2002. On 1 April 2000 he was again the goalkeeper for a big defeat by Manchester United. Although West Ham scored first, the game finished 7–1 to Manchester United. In 2001, Forrest was diagnosed with testicular cancer. He beat the disease, but was advised by his doctors that he would no longer be able to play, culminating in Forrest retiring in 2002.

International career
Forrest played at the 1987 FIFA U-20 World Cup and made his debut for the Canada senior team in a May 1988 friendly match against Chile. He earned 56 caps (excluding the May 1990 North American Championship match against the US), the most of any goalkeeper in the national team's history tied with Pat Onstad and earned the most clean sheets in the country's history before retiring from international football in 2002. The highlight of his international career was undoubtedly helping Canada win the 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup, in which Forrest was named tournament MVP and Most Valuable Goalkeeper for allowing a mere three goals and stopping two penalties in his side's five games. Also during his international career Canada had secured a 1–1 draw against Brazil only a month prior to the World Cup in the US in 1994. Forrest had further success against Brazil in 2001, recording a clean sheet in a 0–0 draw in the 2001 Confederations Cup in Japan. In 2012, Forrest was voted by the fans into the Canadian best XI in the CSA's first 100 years.

Media career
Forrest began working as a sports analyst with Rogers Sportsnet (now Sportsnet) upon his retirement from playing. He appears frequently as a broadcaster for the men's national team and Toronto FC on Sportsnet as well as Sportsnet's Soccer Central Matchday. Forrest is now the Canadian FIFA Ambassador for SOS Children's Villages.

Honours
Ipswich Town
 * Football League Second Division: 1991–92

West Ham United
 * UEFA Intertoto Cup: 1999

Canada
 * CONCACAF Gold Cup: 2000

Individual
 * Canada Soccer Player of the Year: 1994, 2000
 * Ipswich Town Player of the Year: 1994–95
 * Ipswich Town Players' Player of the Year: 1994–95
 * CONCACAF Gold Cup Best Player: 2000
 * CONCACAF Gold Cup Most Valuable Player: 2000
 * CONCACAF Gold Cup Most Valuable Goalkeeper: 2000
 * Aubrey Sanford Meritorious Service Award: 2005
 * CONCACAF Gold Cup Best XI: 2000
 * Canadian Soccer Hall of Fame: Inducted 2007
 * Order of Sport, Canada's Sports Hall of Fame: Inducted 2015

title: Craig Forrest


text:
List of archbishops of Mechelen-Brussels

The archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels is the head of the Archbishopric of Mechelen-Brussels of the Catholic Church in Belgium. It currently encompasses all of Belgium, making them the head of the Roman Catholic faith in the country.

The current archbishop is Jozef De Kesel.

Ordinaries

 * Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle (1561–1582)
 * Joannes Hauchin (1583–1589)
 * Mathias Hovius (1596–1620)
 * Jacobus Boonen (1621–1655)
 * Andreas Creusen (1657–1666)
 * Joannes Wachtendonck (1667–1668)
 * Alphonse de Berghes (1670–1689)
 * Humbertus Guilielmus de Precipiano (1690–1711)
 * Thomas Philip Wallrad de Hénin-Liétard d'Alsace (1715–1759)
 * Joannes-Henricus de Franckenberg (1759–1801)
 * Jean-Armand de Bessuéjouls Roquelaure (1802–1809)
 * Dominique-Georges-Frédéric Dufour de Pradt (1809–1817)
 * François Antoine Marie Constantin de Méan et de Beaurieux (1817–1831)
 * Engelbert Sterckx (1832–1867)
 * Victor-Auguste-Isidore Dechamps (1867–1883)
 * Pierre-Lambert Goosens (1884–1906)
 * Desiré-Félicien-François-Joseph Mercier (1906–1926)
 * Jozef-Ernest van Roey (1926–1961)
 * Leo Joseph Suenens (1962–1980)
 * Godfried Danneels (1980–2010)
 * André-Mutien Léonard (2010– 2015)
 * Jozef De Kesel (2015–present)


text:
James A. Bland

James Alan Bland (October 22, 1854 – May 5, 1911) was an American musician, songwriter, and minstrel performer. He is best known for the song "Carry Me Back to Old Virginny" which was the official state song of Virginia from 1940 to 1997.

Biography
Bland was one of eight children born in Flushing, New York, to a free family. His father Allen was one of the first African Americans to graduate college (Wilberforce University). Beginning with an $8 banjo purchased by his father, he began performing professionally by age 14.

Bland was educated in Washington, DC. He attended Howard University, but was forced to leave in 1873 because of his involvement with theatrical shows, which was forbidden to the institution's students at the time. He wrote over 700 songs, including "In the Morning in the Bright Light" (1879), "In the Evening by the Moonlight" (1879), "Oh, Dem Golden Slippers" (1879) (the theme song for the long-running Philadelphia Mummers Parade), "Hand Me Down My Walking Cane" (1880) and "De Golden Wedding" (1880). His best-known song is "Carry Me Back to Old Virginny" (1878), which, in a slightly modified form, was the official State Song of Virginia from 1940 to 1997. It was retired and designated "state song emeritus" in the latter year because of controversy over its lyrics.

Often called "The World's Greatest Minstrel Man", Bland toured the United States, as well as Europe. Bland's earliest recorded minstrel performance was with the Original Black Diamonds of Boston in 1875. Beginning in 1881, he spent 20 years in London before returning to the United States. Bland toured Europe in the early 1880s with Haverly's Genuine Colored Minstrels and remained in England to perform as a singer/banjo player without blackface. Appearing as "The Prince of Negro Songwriters," he was invited to give command performances for Queen Victoria and the Prince of Wales. Music historian Alec Wilder calls Bland the black writer who "broke down the barriers to white music publishers' offices." Bland was one of the most prolific minstrel composers of all time; he is reputed to have written over six hundred songs, though only about fifty were published under his name.

James A. Bland spent his later years in obscurity. He died from tuberculosis May 5, 1911, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Bland was buried in an unmarked grave without a funeral at Merion Memorial Park, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.

In 1939, his grave was found by American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) with the assistance of the editor of The Etude magazine, James Francis Cooke. His grave was landscaped and a monument was erected. The Lions Club of Virginia also assisted in this effort.

The Lions Clubs of Virginia sponsor a music contest for school students called the "Bland Contest" in honor of James A. Bland. The Annual Bland Music Scholarships Program was established in 1948 to assist and promote cultural and educational opportunities for the musically talented youth of Virginia.

James Bland was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970. A housing project in Flushing, Queens, is named after him. A separate housing project in Alexandria, Virginia, is also named for Bland.

title: James A. Bland


text:
Extra Virgin (album)

Extra Virgin is the debut album by British trip hop band Olive, originally released in 1996. The album includes the single "You're Not Alone", which originally reached number 42 in the UK Singles Chart in 1996 and when re-released in 1997 it reached number one. Two other singles were released from the album: "Outlaw" (UK No. 14) and "Miracle" (UK No. 41). The trip hop influence of Massive Attack and Portishead, while in small quantities, are evident, mixed in with synth-based electronic dance.

The album was re-released in 1997 following the success of "You're Not Alone" and peaked at number 15 on the UK Albums Chart.

Recording
Synthesizers used on the album are a Roland Juno-60, an E-mu Systems Vintage Keys, and an Akai S3000XL sampler. Mixing was done on a Mackie mixing console.

The band created some samples by recording live sounds, edited and subsequently filtered.

Personnel
Olive
 * Ruth-Ann Boyle – vocals
 * Tim Kellett – flugelhorn, keyboards, trumpet
 * Robin Taylor-Firth – keyboards

Other musicians
 * Darren Campbell – bass guitar
 * Duke Quartet – strings:
 * Louise Fuller – violin
 * Richard Koster – violin
 * Ivan McCready – cello
 * John Metcalfe – viola
 * Tony Foster – bass, guitar
 * Adrian Hackett – drums
 * George Lambert – digital EQ
 * Henrik Linnermann – flute
 * James McNichol – assistant engineer
 * Omith Mukherjee – guitar
 * Heitor Teixeira Pereira – guitar
 * Geoff Pesche – mastering
 * David F. Revill – engineer
 * Mark Sheridan – flute, guitar
 * Leon Zervos – mastering

Metcalfe had previously played for The Durutti Column alongside Kellett, as had Pereira for Simply Red.

title: Extra Virgin (album)


text:
Talk:James A. Bland

blurb for Did You Know?
...that James A Bland (1854-1911) an African American musician and song writer often called "The World's Greatest Minstrel Man" wrote over 700 songs, including "In The Evening By The Moonlight" and "Carry Me Back to Old Virginny", which was the official State Song of Virginia from 1940-1997?

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title: Talk:James A. Bland


text:
Talk:List of minor Star Wars vehicles

Canisters
Paralysis canisters covering nine square meters, dropped from 3000m and crushing most resistance? That's a) an awfully small amount of resistance, and b) an extremely accurate drop. This whole page could really do with some tidying up. Unfortunately, I haven't read any of the (presumably) books from which most of this data originates... -CamTarn
 * I checked the book, it's 9 square kilometers.-LtNOWIS 01:51, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

Shouldn't this be combined with List of Star Wars vehicles? --68.2.61.244 05:05, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Note to anyone intending on splitting off a section
This page has been processed by N-Bot, which, for browsing convenience, changes links to redirects to lists to links to the relevant list sections: e.g. Scarab Starfighter is changed to Scarab Starfighter.

As a result, anyone who intends to split a section out of this page should be aware that, as of 7 August 2005, the following sections were linked to from the following pages:

 * Scarab Starfighter: Confederacy of Independent Systems
 * Basilisk: Canderous Ordo, Basilisk (disambiguation)
 * TX-130s fighter tank: Thule (Star Wars), Kuat Drive Yards, List of Star Wars vehicles, Grand Army of the Republic, Battle of Raxus Prime, Battle of Rhen Var
 * Armoured Hover Train: List of Star Wars vehicles, Imperial Army (Star Wars)

N-Bot (t/c) 23:50, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

Hornet Interceptor
I have put a on Hornet Interceptor, but as I know little about the Star Wars universe I have not completed the merge. For example, I cannot opine about the veracity of the Hornet page, etc.. Hopefully someone who is more versed in Star Wars will feel willing to complete the work and check over the article's contents. --Sliggy 17:09, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The article I have verified as correct (except for the NJO part; I do not know about that). However it is not very good, as it is an incomplete paraphrase of the Hornet entry in the Guide to Vehicles and Vessels. --Maru (talk) Contribs 23:40, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

Recommendation
Once the Star Wars wikiproject gets up, we'll have a centerpoint for communication. However, for now, I'll post this here. I feel that we should have lists for every faction's vehicles; this way, it's all organized and balanced. As for larger articles (like AT-AT and whatnot), we'll have a brief blurb and a main template. I'll be throwing more ideas around once the project gets launched. Deckiller 23:45, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Another thing I'll propose later is a list for all the air craft and another one for all the aquatic craft, with "main" article links for those over, say, 3 paragraphs. They could be named, say, "Air vehicles in Star Wars" and "Aquatic vehicles in Star Wars". More later. Deckiller 23:52, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I've never been very fond of lists, as they seem to harbor the most vandalism, misinformation, and bad writing when compared with stand-alone articles, and there are problems within lists for critical apparatus like references and external links. And I don't know how much good a SW wikiproject will good- wasn't there already one? I believe it decamped for Wookiepedia. --maru (talk) Contribs 02:23, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

Ebon Hawk
Shouldnt the Ebon Hawk be added? or is it not classified as a Minor Vehicle?

title: Talk:List of minor Star Wars vehicles


text:
David George

David George may refer to:
 * David George (Baptist) (1740/42–1810), African American Baptist preacher, and a founding father of Sierra Leone
 * David George (cyclist) (born 1976), South African cyclist
 * David George (Manitoba politician)
 * David R. George III, American science fiction writer
 * A pseudonym of Leo Dorfman

title: David George


text:
Novo millennio ineunte

Novo millennio ineunte (At the beginning of the new millennium) is an apostolic letter of Pope John Paul II, addressed to the Bishops Clergy and Lay Faithful, "At the Close of the Great Jubilee of 2000".

The apostolic letter outlines the priorities for the Catholic Church for the third millennium and beyond.

Put out into the deep
The opening paragraph cites Jesus inviting the Apostle Simon Peter to "put out into the deep" for a catch: "Duc in altum" (Lk 5:4). This phrase was often repeated by Pope John Paul II and quoted by others. Peter and his companions trusted Christ's words, and cast the nets. "When they had done this, they caught a great number of fish" (Lk 5:6).

Christ at the Center
"Understood in his divine and human mystery, Christ is the foundation and centre of history, he is its meaning and ultimate goal.... His incarnation, culminating in the Paschal Mystery and the gift of the Spirit, is the pulsating heart of time, the mysterious hour in which the Kingdom of God came to us (cf. Mk 1:15), indeed took root in our history, as the seed destined to become a great tree (cf. Mk 4:30–32)."

"The program already exists: it is the plan found in the Gospel and in the living Tradition, it is the same as ever. Ultimately, it has its center in Christ himself, who is to be known, loved and imitated, so that in him we may live the life of the Trinity, and with him transform history until its fulfilment in the heavenly Jerusalem. This is a program which does not change with shifts of times and cultures, even though it takes account of time and culture for the sake of true dialogue and effective communication. This program for all times is our program for the Third Millennium."

Priorities
The highest priority is put on holiness or sanctity: "All Christian faithful ... are called to the fullness of the Christian life." (no. 30)

The second priority is the basic means to arrive at holiness: "This training in holiness calls for a Christian life distinguished above all in the art of prayer." (no. 32)

Another priority is the New Evangelization: "Over the years, I have often repeated the summons to the new evangelization. I do so again now, especially in order to insist that we must rekindle in ourselves the impetus of the beginnings and allow ourselves to be filled with the ardour of the apostolic preaching which followed Pentecost. We must revive in ourselves the burning conviction of Paul, who cried out: 'Woe to me if I do not preach the Gospel' ." (no. 40)

Vatican II documents in the third millennium
"With the passing of the years, the Second Vatican Council documents have lost nothing of their value or brilliance. They need to be read correctly, to be widely known and taken to heart as important and normative texts of the Magisterium, within the Church's Tradition. Now that the Jubilee has ended, I feel more than ever in duty bound to point to the Council as the great grace bestowed on the Church in the twentieth century: there we find a sure compass by which to take our bearings in the century now beginning." (no. 57)

title: Novo millennio ineunte


text:
Arsenal Football Club Museum

The Arsenal Football Club Museum is a museum in Holloway, London, run by Arsenal Football Club and dedicated to the history of the club.

The museum houses a wide range of exhibits and memorabilia from throughout the club's history, including Charlie George's shirt from the 1971 FA Cup Final, Michael Thomas's boots from Arsenal's 1988–89 title-deciding match against Liverpool, Alan Smith's shirt from the 1994 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup Final and a custom trophy commemorating Arsenal's 2003–04 Premier League season, where they won the title unbeaten.

The museum is currently housed in the Northern Triangle Building, to the immediate north of Emirates Stadium, the club's home ground. It had been previously housed inside the North Bank Stand of Arsenal's Highbury stadium from the stand's opening in 1993 to 2006, when Highbury was closed and redeveloped. It currently attracts over 120,000 visitors a year.

The museum is open every day of the week. On matchdays the museum is only open from 10am till half an hour before kick-off. Admission is also included as part of tours of Emirates Stadium.

title: Arsenal Football Club Museum


text:
Category:Visual arts exhibitions

Art exhibitions are collections of art displayed in public places. They are often, but not always, displayed in art galleries

title: Category:Visual arts exhibitions


text:
Nonprofits research

The term nonprofits research is used to describe the academic enterprise devoted to teaching and research on nonprofit organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), voluntary associations, voluntarism and voluntary action, philanthropy, civil society, and related activities. It is a loosely bounded, multidisciplinary, practice-oriented community.

The field has its origins in the 1940s, when F. Emerson Andrews, a staffer at the Russell Sage Foundation, initiated a series of studies of foundations and philanthropy. Institutionally, Sage had a long-term interest in philanthropy as part of the larger problem of social welfare policy. In the 1940s and 1950s, Andrews and his associates produced a series of pioneering volumes on philanthropic giving (1950), corporation giving (1952), attitudes towards giving (1953), philanthropic foundations (1956), and government policies towards philanthropy (1968). Andrews also edited the first Foundation Directory (1967), founding editor of Foundation News, and was the first director of the Foundation Center (formerly the "Foundation Library Center").

Following a series of congressional investigations of foundations and "other tax-exempt entities," Andrews persuaded the Sage Foundation to sponsor a conference intended to encourage major scholars to study philanthropy. The conference, which convened in Princeton, New Jersey in 1956, became the basis for funding work by a number of influential historians, most notably the University of Wisconsin–Madison's Merle Curti. One of the leaders of the new interdisciplinary field, American Studies, Curti was well positioned to identify likely candidates for support in their studies of philanthropy. Curti and his students produced a number of pioneering studies, including books on international philanthropy (1963), philanthropy and higher education (1965), and the history of charities law (1961).

The enormous proliferation of foundations and other tax-exempt entities in the decades after the second World War helped to fuel new congressional concern about their power, wealth, and impact on national tax policy. Congressional concern pressured the Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service to review their policies towards these organizations. These concerns came to a head in debates over tax reform in 1969.

In the face of shocking abuses, leaders of organized philanthropy proved to be scandalously ineffective in defending themselves. In particular, they appeared to be completely unable to grasp the extent to which policy discourse had come to be framed by the language of law and economics. In the wake of the draconian provisions of the 1969 Tax Reform Act, a handful of philanthropy's leaders initiated efforts to produce a body of academic research with which the nation's tax-exempt industries could more effectively defend themselves against outburst of regulatory enthusiasm.

Three groups took the lead in endeavoring to develop serious research on philanthropy, voluntary organizations, and related entities and activities. One, the 501(c)3 group, was a loose network of members of the tax-exempt bar, government officials, and foundation executives who regularly circulated among themselves information on policy and legislation relating to nonprofits. A second was a cluster of consultants and experts attached to John D. Rockefeller 3rd, the Rockefeller brother who had embraced philanthropy and its future as his calling. A third was an association of scholars and practitioners, the Association of Voluntary Action Scholars, organized by sociologist David Horton Smith, which evolved into the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action (ARNOVA).

title: Nonprofits research


text:
Radio Live

Radio Live (stylised as Radio LIVE) was a nationwide Auckland-based New Zealand talkback, news and sport radio network owned and operated by MediaWorks New Zealand.

It was formed by the 2005 split of talk and racing network Radio Pacific into a dedicated talk network which prioritised breaking news coverage (Radio Live) and a talk network which broadcast live horse racing and greyhound racing commentaries which initially retained the Radio Pacific name before a rebrand to Bsport and finally LiveSport. The network competes directly against NZME. station Newstalk ZB.

In November 2018, it was announced that RadioLIVE would be merging with Mediaworks sister network, Magic, to form a talk-music radio hybrid known as Magic Talk, which started on 19 January 2019. Former TVNZ news presenter Peter Williams was the first host revealed for the new network.

Radio Pacific
The network began as one, Auckland's Radio Pacific station, in 1978. Set up originally by talkback host Gordon Dryden, Radio Pacific became a New Zealand Stock Exchange listed company, with the Totalisator Agency Board as major shareholder. The company also bought a share of a group of North Island music stations known as Energy Enterprises and merged with the South Island radio company Radio Otago in 1999. The merged company, now known as Radioworks was purchased by a subsidiary of CanWest Global Communications which at that time owned the More FM radio network and TV3. CanWest later sold off the company as part of MediaWorks New Zealand.

During the 1990s Pacific became one of the first commercial stations to be networked across the country. Although ownership of the network changed, live races and live betting odds continued to be broadcast on the network in pre-determined, limited periods during the race day under a contract with the New Zealand Racing Board. Between 2001 and 2005, this was complemented by a trial Radio Trackside station in the Southland market which simulcast Trackside TV and Radio Pacific as a dedicated racing station.

Relaunch
In April 2005, MediaWorks launched the Radio Live talkback network with newsreader Sarah Bradley and talk host Martin Devlin, making it the first New Zealand radio network to begin broadcasting nationwide on the same day. It launched the station, "the new voice of talk radio", as a sister network to Pacific, "more stimulating talk radio". The new network gained many of Radio Pacific's frequencies and presenters, including Michael Laws, Kerry Smith until 2006 and Paul Henry until 2007.

Live was a dedicated talkback network that could prioritise breaking news coverage, while Radio Pacific continued as a talkback and racing network on new frequencies. John Banks, Alice Worsley and Martin Crump remained behind on Radio Pacific to present morning talkback, while a Trackside TV simulcast, branded as Radio Trackside, was broadcast in the afternoon. On 29 October 2007, the station changed its morning format to sports radio and introduced new presenters. It was initially branded as "BSport, the station you can bet on" and it was rebranded again as LiveSport in January 2010.

On 31 January 2016, RadioLIVE news became Newshub. The first bulletin was presented by Leanne Malcolm. The last Newshub bulletin on RadioLIVE was at 11pm 18 January 2019 and was presented by Brin Rudkin.

Programmes
Magic Talk broadcasts news updates, breakfast and drive current affairs, open-line talkback, and weekend lifestyle content. News, sports and weather updates are broadcast live half-hourly during current affairs programmes and hourly at other times, through a partnership with MediaWorks's 24-hour Newshub service. Newshub Live at 6 was simulcast live every night until 19 January 2020.

Breakfast
From 5am - 6am, Rural Today is hosted by agricultural journalist Dominic George. The show focuses inside and outside the farm gate, featuring rural news, detailed weather reports and sport, while covering hot on-farm topics as well as some off-farm too. Rural Today is broadcast on Magic Talk and on Magic Music in Taranaki. From 6am - 9am, The AM Show hosted by Duncan Garner, Amanda Gillies and Mark Richardson, with social media guru Aziz Al-Sa’afin. The AM Show is New Zealand's second groundbreaking multi-platform breakfast show, broadcasting simultaneously on Three and online; the first was Paul Henry, hosted by the broadcaster of the same name and ran from 2015–2016.

Daytime
From 9am - midday Peter Williams hosts Magic Mornings, a three-hour show which invites its listeners to "discuss the news that affects you most. What's happening in NZ and around the world - you'll hear it first". Former morning hosts during the RadioLIVE era include Michael Laws, Sean Plunket and Mark Sainsbury. Magic Afternoons is hosted by Sean Plunket from 12pm - 4pm (12pm - 3pm during 2019). This show allows listeners to call the free speech hotline for "no-holds barred common sense talk that you control". Former afternoon hosts during the RadioLIVE era include Willie Jackson, John Tamihere, Alison Mau and Wendyl Nissen.

Drive
Magic Drive (commonly known as The Ryan Bridge Drive Show) is hosted by Ryan Bridge from 4pm - 7pm (3pm - 6pm during 2019, followed by a live simulcast of Newshub Live at 6). With a mixture of current affairs and open-line talkback, this show sees its host, Ryan Bridge, driving the conversation home when listeners need it most, with unrivalled insight and the passion to share their truths. Previous drive hosts during the RadioLIVE era have included Paul Henry in 2005, 2007 and 2011, James Coleman in 2006, Bill Ralston in 2008, Maggie Barry in 2009 and 2010, Brent Impey in 2011, Duncan Garner from 2011–2016, Alison Mau from 2017–2018, and Lisa Owen in 2018.

Early Evenings
A daily Newshub simulcast played from 6pm nightly until 19 January 2020. Monday–Thursday from 7–8pm was InFocus, a deeper look at the day's top interviews and stories, hosted by former More FM newsreader Brin Rudkin. The final edition was broadcast in December 2018 during the RadioLIVE era. On Friday evenings during the RadioLIVE era, the Outdoors Group Fishing Show ran from 7–8pm.

Nights
Magic Nights is hosted by Leah Panapa from 7pm - 11pm. Time to discuss the day's events and have your say with what matters most to you. Previous night hosts during the RadioLIVE era have included Marcus Lush, Karyn Hay, Andrew Fagan and Mitch Harris.

Overnights
Magic Overnights is hosted by Tony Amos from 10pm - 3am, Sunday to Thursday nights. Tony Amos is the man for all you night owls out there, non-stop talkback to take you through the nights. Always on the other end of the telephone to take your calls and turn up the conversation.

Previous overnight hosts during the RadioLIVE era have included Ewing Stevens, Dave White, Dudley Stace, Bruce Hopkins, Emma Lange, Joe Reid and Hayden Rickard.

Weekends
Rural Exchange (commonly known as REX) is hosted by Richard "Loey" Loe and Hamish McKay. REX, which has been on air since August 2017, is a show dedicated to the backbone business of the nation, hosted by a couple of seasoned buggers. It broadcasts on Magic Talk (and on Magic Music in Taranaki) both Saturday and Sunday mornings from 6am - 8am. During the RadioLIVE era, REX ran from 5am - 7am and Sarah Perriam co-hosted the show until she left in early 2019 due to other commitments. On Weekend mornings during the RadioLIVE era, Mucking In landscaper Tony Murrell hosted The Home and Garden Show. He was joined on Saturday by former New Zealand Woman's Weekly food editor Helen Jackson and Sundays by interior designer Hamish Dodd and Stan Scott for advice on DIY. By mid-2019, The Home and Garden Show was replaced by The DIY Experts with Hamish Dodd and Stan Scott providing DIY tips and advice in a two-hour, fast-paced, question and answer type format; it broadcasts Saturday mornings from 8am - 10am. From 10am - 1pm on Saturdays is Weekend Life with Carly Flynn. It's your perfect accompaniment to your Saturday morning covering lifestyle, real estate, books, home styling and food & nutrition. The Sunday Cafe broadcasts Sunday mornings from 8am - 1pm, hosted by Mel Homer. With a blend of guests, interviews and talkback, The Sunday Cafe is described as "a conversation at a cafe, covering off the Sunday papers in a laid back way". Previous Sunday hosts during the RadioLIVE era were Wallace Chapman, Mark Sainsbury, Ryan Bridge, Heather du Plessis-Allan and Trudi Nelson. Saturday Sport hosted by Glen Larmer and, later, Brendan Telfer aired on Saturday from 2pm - 6pm, and included interviews with sports personalities and really getting to know our sports people. The final edition was broadcast in December 2018 during the RadioLIVE era. Sunday Sport hosted by Andrew Gourdie and Jim Kayes aired on Sunday from 2pm - 6pm, and included interviews with sports personalities and unique perspective for our sporting mad country. The final edition was broadcast in December 2018 during the RadioLIVE era. The Magic Talk Weekend Catch Ups fill the weekend afternoon schedule (after 1pm) and feature clippings of the best segments from the previous week's shows. Occasionally, live talkback will replace the Magic Talk Weekend Catch Ups in the event of major news.

Weekend nights
Sunday Social with Vaughn Davis was broadcast on Sundays from 7pm to 8pm - the social media, app and internet show for the rest of us. It is a geek-free zone, where 'buzzwords' are forbidden and jargon is busted. The final edition was broadcast in December 2018 during the RadioLIVE era. Weekend Variety Wireless aired both Saturdays and Sundays from 8pm - midnight. The talk programme had been part of the station since its inception, and focused on music, conservation, world issues and science. Regular contributors included linguist Max Cryer, Stardome Observatory astronomer Grant Christie, Sceptic Siouxise Wiles and American John Dybvig. Host Graeme Hill is a former Radio Sport and bFM announcer, Sports Cafe presenter and The Able Tasmans band member. His on-air name is a musical pseudonym, due to his 'embarrassment' performing under his real name. "For anyone with a curious bone in their body, tune into the most interesting radio show on the planet!" The final edition of the Weekend Variety Wireless was broadcast in December 2018 during the RadioLIVE era.

Newshub News Bulletins
Award-winning news bulletins, presented live hourly, are produced by the Newshub Radio service. Network weekday newsreaders include Amanda Gillies (The AM Show), Mary-Jane Tomasi (Workdays), Geoff Bryan (Drive), and Richard Baddiley (Evenings/Overnights). Weekend and fill-in newsreaders include Trudi Nelson, Leanne Malcolm, Brin Rudkin, Karen McCarthy, Bridget Hastie, Kim Blair and Eric Young. Sports readers include John McNeil, Chris Forster, John Day and Bruce Rickard.

Magic Music
The Magic Music programme is being simulcast on the Magic Talk network from 11pm - 6am on Fridays and after 7pm on weekends and public holidays. The Saturday Night Jukebox is commercial free and run from 7pm - midnight on Saturdays, while, on Sundays, Country Magic is hosted by Mark Leishman and simulcast on Magic Talk until Tony Amos takes over at 11pm. The final hour of Country Magic plays exclusively on the Magic Music network. Occasionally, live talkback will replace the Magic Music programme in the event of major news.

Frequencies
These are the frequencies Magic Talk broadcasts on:

 * Mid-Northland - 100.7 FM
 * Whangārei - 90.8 FM
 * Auckland - 702 AM
 * Waikato - 100.2 FM
 * Paeroa - 98.0 FM
 * Tauranga - 100.6 FM
 * Bay of Plenty - 1107 AM
 * Bay of Plenty - 93.3 FM
 * Whakatane - 92.1 FM
 * Rotorua - 95.1 FM
 * Gisborne - 94.9 FM
 * Gisborne - 684 AM
 * Hawke's Bay - 106.3 FM
 * Hawke's Bay - 1368 AM
 * Whanganui - 96.0 FM
 * Manawatū - 93.8 FM
 * Kapiti - 99.1 FM
 * Upper Hutt - 98.9 FM
 * Wairarapa - 98.3 FM
 * Wellington - 98.9 FM
 * Wellington - 1233 AM
 * Blenheim - 95.3 FM
 * Nelson - 96.0 FM
 * Picton - 92.3 FM
 * Westport - 90.1 FM
 * Kaikōura - 89.1 FM
 * Christchurch - 738 AM
 * Timaru - 105.9 FM
 * Mackenzie Country (Tekapo and Twizel) - 91.0 FM
 * Oamaru - 100.8 FM
 * Alexandra - 95.9 FM
 * Queenstown - 91.2 FM
 * Dunedin - 96.6 FM
 * Southland - 94.0 FM

title: Radio Live