text:
Ikutaro Kakehashi

Ikutaro Kakehashi (梯 郁太郎), also known by the nickname Taro, was a Japanese engineer, inventor, and entrepreneur. He founded the musical instrument manufacturers Ace Tone, Roland Corporation and Boss Corporation, and the audiovisual electronics company ATV Corporation.

Kakehashi founded Ace Tone in 1960 to produce electronic organs and early drum machines. He founded Roland in 1972 and was involved in the development of various influential electronic instruments, such as the TR-808 and TR-909 drum machines and the TB-303 and Juno-60 synthesizers, in addition to Boss guitar amplifiers and effects pedals. He was also key to the development of MIDI, a technical standard that connects a wide variety of electronic instruments, in the 1980s; in 2013, Kakehashi received a Technical Grammy Award, shared with Dave Smith of Sequential, for the invention of MIDI. Kakehashi's inventions are credited with shaping popular music genres such as electronic, dance, hip hop, R&B, rock and pop music.

Early life
Kakehashi was born on 7 February 1930 in Osaka, Japan. His parents died of tuberculosis during his early childhood, and he was raised by his grandparents. Much of his childhood was spent studying electrical engineering and working in the Hitachi shipyards of Osaka. During World War II, with no music lessons, Kakehashi became interested in radio as a way of listening to music, and his home was destroyed by American bombing. Following the war, in 1946, he failed to get into a university on health grounds, and moved to the southern island of Kyushu.

Career
In 1947, aged 16, Kakehashi founded the Kakehashi Clock Store, a watch-repair shop. He soon began repairing radios. He later returned to Osaka to attend university. During a mass food shortage, he contracted tuberculosis and spent several years in a sanitarium, where he became a clinical trial test patient for an experimental medicine antibiotic drug, streptomycin, which improved his condition. In 1954, Kakehashi opened the Kakehashi Radio electrical appliance store. In his spare time, he repaired electronic organs and created prototype organs throughout the 1950s.

At 28, he decided to devote himself to music and pursuit of the ideal electronic musical instrument. Kakehashi had no musical training, and wanted musical instruments to be accessible for both professionals and amateurs like himself. He also wanted them to be inexpensive, intuitive, small, and simple. He constructed his first 49-key monophonic organ in 1959, specifically designed to be playable by anyone, with no musical skill necessary. The focus on miniaturization, affordability, and simplicity later became fundamental to product development at Roland.

Ace Tone
In 1960, Kakehashi founded Ace Electronic Industries Inc. In 1964, he developed the first fully transistorized electronic drum instrument, the R1 Rhythm Ace, which was exhibited at the Summer NAMM Convention in 1964. It was a push-button device that was manually hand-operated in a manner similar to modern electronic drum pads. It was not commercialized in North America due to its lack of automated preset rhythms, so Kakehashi began work on fully transistorized electronic rhythm machine.

In 1967, Kakehashi patented the "Automatic Rhythm Performance Device" drum machine, a preset rhythm-pattern generator using diode matrix circuit, a drum machine whereby a "plurality of inverting circuits and/or clipper circuits are connected to a counting circuit to synthesize the output signal of the counting circuit" and the "synthesized output signal becomes a desired rhythm". Ace Tone popularized the use of drum machines, with the FR-1 Rhythm Ace finding its way into popular music starting in the late 1960s.

Roland
In 1972, Kakehashi founded the Roland Corporation, and led it for four decades. While their rival companies Moog and ARP targeted professional musicians and academics, Kakehashi, who had no musical training, wanted to appeal to amateurs and hobbyists, and focused on miniaturization, affordability and simplicity. Roland had a major impact on popular music and had more influence on electronic music than any other company.

At Roland, he continued his work on the development of drum machines. Roland's first drum machine was the Roland TR-77, released in 1972. After Kakehashi realized microprocessors could be used to program drum machines, Roland launched the CR-78, the first microprocessor-driven programmable drum machine, in 1978. These 1970s Roland drum machines were used in disco, R&B, rock, and pop songs from the early 1970s to the early 1980s.

During the 1980s and 1990s, Roland released several instruments that have had a lasting influence on popular music. Roland launched the TR-808, the first fully programmable drum machine, in 1980. Kakehashi deliberately purchased faulty transistors that created the machine's distinctive "sizzling" sound. Although it was not an immediate commercial success, the 808 was eventually used on more hit records than any other drum machine and became a cornerstone of the emerging electronic and hip hop genres.

In 1994, Kakehashi founded the Roland Foundation and became chairman. In 1995, he was appointed chairman of Roland Corporation. In 2001, he resigned from the position and was appointed as special executive adviser of Roland Corporation. In 2002, Kakehashi published an autobiography, I Believe in Music. His second book, An Age Without Samples: Originality and Creativity in the Digital World, was published in 2017.

Boss
In 1973, Kakehashi founded Boss Corporation, a subsidiary of Roland that produces amplifiers and effects units for electric guitar and bass guitar players. Boss effects units became the de facto standard of guitar effects for decades, with many guitarists relying on them for sonic experimentation. Boss amplifiers and effects units have had a significant impact on the development of rock music since the 1970s.

MIDI
In the early 1980s, no standardized means of synchronizing electronic musical instruments manufactured by different companies existed, which Kakehashi felt was limiting the growth of the industry. He proposed developing a standard with representatives from Oberheim Electronics, Sequential Circuits, Yamaha, Korg and Kawai. Kakehashi favored the name Universal Musical Interface (UME), pronounced you-me, but the protocol was named Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI). Kakehashi and Dave Smith of Sequential Circuits unveiled MIDI in 1983. MIDI allowed communication between different instruments and general-purpose computers to play a role in music production. In 2013, Kakehashi and Smith received Technical Grammy Awards for their work. MIDI remains the industry standard.

ATV
In 2013, after a clash with management, Kakehashi left Roland and founded ATV Corporation, an audiovisual electronics company. His final project at ATV was the aFrame, an "electro-organic" percussion instrument played like a hand drum.

Death
Kakehashi died in April 2017, aged 87. Tributes came from musicians such as Tommy Snyder of Godiego, Chris Carter of Throbbing Gristle, Samantha Ronson, Matthew Herbert, Marc Almond of Soft Cell, Martyn Ware of the Human League, and producer Paul Epworth. Moog Music described him as a "model of resilience and a genuine trailblazer", and Dave Smith of Sequential wrote that he was "just an amazing man, a good friend, a very good competitor of course, and just innovative continually all that time".

Legacy

In 1991, Kakehashi was awarded an honorary doctorate from Berklee College of Music for his contribution to the development and popularization of electronic instruments. The Bentley-branded Rhythm Ace inspired the 1997 Birmingham band Bentley Rhythm Ace when a model was found at a car boot sale.

In 2000, Kekahashi left his handprints at Hollywood's RockWalk in Hollywood. In 2002, Kakehashi published an autobiography, I Believe In Music, and was featured as a biography in the book The Art of Digital Music. As of 2002, Kakehashi was awarded about 50 patents, since the 1960s. In 2005, he was awarded the title of professor emeritus of the Central Music College of China and the University of Glamorgan.

In 2013, Kakehashi received a Technical Grammy Award, shared with Dave Smith of Sequential Circuits, for the invention of MIDI. The 2015 documentary film 808 documented the impact that his Roland TR-808 drum machine had on popular music and popular culture, describing it as the "rock guitar of hip hop". In 2017, Electronic Musician magazine listed thirty of his instruments and innovations that have influenced popular music over the course of fifty years.

title: Ikutaro Kakehashi


text:
Guadalcanal Diary (film)

Guadalcanal Diary is a 1943 World War II war film directed by Lewis Seiler, featuring Preston Foster, Lloyd Nolan, William Bendix, Richard Conte, Anthony Quinn and the film debut of Richard Jaeckel. It is based on the book of the same name by Richard Tregaskis.

The film recounts the fight of the United States Marines in the Battle of Guadalcanal, which occurred only a year before the movie's release. While the film has notable battle scenes, its primary focus is on the characters and back stories of the Marines. The film adapted the story of the Goettge Patrol, led by Lieutenant Colonel Frank Goettge.

The movie was produced by Bryan Foy, who also produced Berlin Correspondent (1942), Chetniks! The Fighting Guerrillas (1943), and PT 109 (1963).

Plot summary
On July 26, 1942, the 1st Marine Division is sailing towards Guadalcanal. On August 7, the Marines land on Guadalcanal with no initial opposition. They find an abandoned village and capture an airfield, which the Americans work to complete, and rename it Henderson Field. Based on a tip from a Japanese deserter, the Marines leave by boat for the village of Matanikau, where there are supposedly a large number of Japanese troops who want to surrender. On the way, one boat is destroyed by a Japanese submarine before it is sunk by onshore Marine artillery.

The Marines walk into a trap, and only Private Soose Alvarez survives to make it back to American lines. The Marines then march on Matanikau in force and on the way, Private "Chicken" Anderson is wounded by a Japanese officer, who pretended to be dead. The Marines enjoy mail call but suffer Japanese air force bombing raids. Army troops land to support the Marines. They launch a campaign to root Japanese troops out of a series of caves and try to listen to the results of Game Two of the 1942 World Series, but static unfortunately prevents them from hearing the final score.

The Marines are both shelled by the Japanese navy and bombed by their air force. A force of Marine fighter planes land on the island. All the marines write letters home. They launch an attack on the Japanese during which Alvarez is killed. The Marines are relieved and evacuated from the island.

Cast

 * Preston Foster as Father Donnelly
 * Lloyd Nolan as Gunnery Sgt. Hook Malone
 * William Bendix as Corporal Aloysius T. "Taxi" Potts
 * Richard Conte as Captain Don Davis
 * Anthony Quinn as Private Jesus "Soose" Alvarez
 * Richard Jaeckel as Private Johnny "Chicken" Anderson
 * Roy Roberts as Captain James Cross
 * Minor Watson as Colonel Wallace E. Grayson
 * Ralph Byrd as Ned Rowman
 * Lionel Stander as Sergeant Butch
 * Reed Hadley as War correspondent / Narrator
 * John Archer as Lieutenant Thurmond
 * Eddie Acuff as Private "Tex" Mcllovy (uncredited)
 * Bob Rose as Private Sammy Kline (uncredited)

Production notes
Guadalcanal Diary was shot from May 14 to late July, 1943, mostly on location at Camp Pendleton, near Oceanside, California. Many of the Marines stationed there were filmed on maneuvers, and others appeared in the picture in small speaking parts or as extras. The picture marked the screen debuts of stage actor Robert Rose and Richard Jaeckel, who was a studio messenger boy when he was cast in the production. On February 28, 1944, Foster, Bendix, Nolan and Jaeckel reprised their roles for the Lux Radio Theatre presentation of Guadalcanal Diary.

The film was partly based on the experiences of surviving Marines from the ill-fated Goettge patrol during the Battle of Guadalcanal. Captain James Cross represented the patrol's leader, Lieutenant Colonel Frank Goettge, who was killed during the patrol. Private Soose Alvarez, the lone surviving marine in the movie's patrol, was based on Sergeant Frank Few, one of the Goettge patrol's survivors.

Reception
Bosley Crowther of The New York Times called the film "stirring and inspiring in many ways" and particularly praised the first part of the film as "almost documentarily real" but also criticized historical inaccuracies in the film's presentation of the battle as well as "comparatively routine" fighting scenes. Variety wrote: "It is at times a sobering film and at other times an exalting one. It is also an almost continuously entertaining one." Harrison's Reports wrote, "Excellent! ... The producers rate a salute for having treated their subject with the honesty and dignity it deserves."

However, David Lardner of The New Yorker wrote a negative review, criticizing the film for containing "every cliché known to man" and for the Marines being depicted as having "altogether too soft a time ... None of the mood of just sitting and taking it until you don't remember where you are any more or how you got there is put across on the screen."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Guadalcanal Diary (film)


text:
User:Occasional visitor

I don't have anything to say here. I'm just adding some text, because I'm not sure if the discussion page works without the user page being present.

Occasional visitor 15:01, 2005 Apr 19 (UTC)

title: User:Occasional visitor


text:
Talk:Lorenz Hart

Proposed Marriage to Vivienne Segal
Vivienne Segal once told me that Hart proposed marriage to him, and that she refused. 68.4.25.202 06:10, 23 July 2007 (UTC)John D.

the two wrote songs for a series of amateur and student productions until the smashing success of their score

'smashing success' doesn't sound encyclopaedia-like.

They continued working together until Hart's death in 1943, along the way producing scores for a series of hit shows and making a substantial contribution to the great American songbook.

The great American songbook? Is this an actual songbook or is the author being POV?

Hart struggled with his own homosexuality (in an era when such a lifestyle was socially unacceptable) and with severe alcoholism, which eventually contibuted to his death.

"Struggled with his own homosexuality" without any further information makes this seem more like a fansite trivia page than an encyclopaedia entry. "when such a lifestyle was socially unacceptable" helpfully uses the 'l' word - "when homosexuality was considered taboo" seems somewhat fairer. "severe alcholism" - what seperates severe from non-severe? In addition, various places indicate Hart died of pneumonia; if it is alcohol-related perhaps that could be expanded on. I'm assuming you weren't suggesting that homosexuality contributed to his death. (the above contribution is unsigned)

 * I notice that severe has since been removed. I agree that the passage in question still needs work, but I am unable to do much about it at the moment. Rodgers's autobiography doesn't mention Hart's homosexuality at all. Rodgers remarks repeatedly about Hart's drinking, and he also remarks about Hart's late-night carousing and fist-fighting but suggests he didn't ever know the particulars, that Hart's private life was a mystery to him. Alan Jay Lerner's autobiography says that Lerner befriended Hart toward the end of Hart's life, and surmises that Hart was forced to turn toward men for sexual gratification because his height and looks made women unavailable to him, which hardly seems a plausible explanation to me. In short, I don't know how Hart felt about his sexuality, how it may have affected his modus vivendi, or whether it is even worth bringing up in the article at all. TheScotch 06:50, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

I've skimmed Nolan's biography, which is to say, I looked for those sections that had to do with Hart's adult private life and read through the ones I found carefully. I still don't know how Hart felt about his sexuality, and now I gather that no one else does either. TheScotch 20:03, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

A comment, made 12/10/2012: Diahann Carroll's autobiography "Diahann" cites Richard Rodgers' making a very nasty, derogatory comment referencing Hart's homosexuality. I think some reference in this article to Hart's being very probably gay is appropriate. I agree that Lerner's comment is absurd. That's not how being gay works.99.118.198.186 (talk) 02:50, 11 December 2012 (UTC)

Mother
I have a bone to pick with the phrase "Strange relationship with his mother." I can't think of an alternative but I'm not sure what this means.--Tomstoner 15:31, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

No sourcing
I've placed on "unsourced" tag on this article. Though apparently accurate it does not cite a single source. Larry Hart was a fine composer and deserving of a properly sourced article that is significantly larger than it is at present. There are zillions of biographies on him. I happen to own one and will try to put in sources. I hope others chip in.--Silverscreen 23:05, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Um...Hart was not a "composer" at all; he was a lyricist. TheScotch 10:59, 22 September 2007 (UTC)
 * 10 and a half years late: You're right. --jpgordon𝄢𝄆 𝄐𝄇 16:18, 26 January 2018 (UTC)

Disambiguation: Moss/Lorenz Hart
Given that both Moss Hart and Lorenz Hart were active in theatrical circles during the first half of the 20th century in New York City, it might be helpful to distinguish between the two. I have slipped up on this myself. Thanks (Note: this same request at Moss Hart page) Pseudonym58 (talk) 21:32, 7 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lorenz Hart


text: User talk:66.211.136.138

title: User talk:66.211.136.138


text:
Alfonso Andria

Alfonso Andria (born 27 May 1952 in Salerno) is an Italian politician and Member of the European Parliament for Southern with the Margherita Party, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Regional Development.

He is a substitute for the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety, a member of the Delegation for relations with the United States and a substitute for the Delegation for relations with Switzerland, Iceland and Norway and to the European Economic Area (EEA) Joint Parliamentary Committee.

Education

 * 1978: Graduate in law

Career

 * 1973-1995: Director of the provincial tourism authority of Salerno
 * Member of the 'Margherita' party executive
 * 1985-1993: Member of Salerno Municipal Council
 * 1995-2004: Chairman of Salerno Provincial Council
 * 1995-1999: Member of the Bureau of the UPI - Union of the Provincial Councils of Italy
 * Former regional Vice-Chairman of the AICCRE
 * 2001-2004: Chairman of the Federal Council of the League of Local Authorities
 * 2002-2004: Member of the Committee of the Regions of the European Union
 * until 2001: Chairman of the Board of Directors of the company managing the European Employment Pact for Agro Nocerino-Sarnese
 * responsible for the contract for the Salerno 'Crater'
 * former member of the CNEL consultative committee for the Mezzogiorno (Coordinator)
 * General Secretary (1983–1988), adviser to the Chairman (1988–2001) and Chairman (since 2002) of the European University Centre for the Cultural Heritage of Ravello
 * Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Consortium PRUSST 'Ospitalità da favola' and the Atheneum Consortium (Training in film, television and multi-media work)

Decorations

 * Commander of the Order of St Gregory the Great
 * Knight of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George

title: Alfonso Andria


text:
User:Talia679

Nicole C. Engard was introduced to the wonders of Wikipedia at a Computers in Libraries conference in 2005. She likes to read articles related to writing and writers. Her first edits were to the Shetland Sheepdog page because she has Sheltie puppy and she wanted to share her knowledge with others.

See all contributions by Talia

About Me
So you want to know who I am? Well, here it goes. I received my BA in Literary Studies and Computer Programming from Juniata College in 2001 and my MLIS (Master of Library and Information Science) from Drexel University in September, 2007.

How did I make that leap? Well in 2001, after I graduated, I started as the Web Assistant at Jenkins Law Library in Philadelphia. In 2003, I was promoted to Web Manager. It was in my new role that I had the opportunity to work with members from all areas of the library world. I quickly fell in love with the profession and wanted to learn more. In addition to prompted me to find a way to learn more, my position at Jenkins also led me to being recognized as one of Library Journal’s Movers & Shakers for 2007.

In my previous position as Metadata Librarian, at Princeton Theological Seminary, I worked very closely with both the Special Collections department and the Cataloging department to develop standards for our digital collections. This gave me the opportunity to really delve into the inner workings of collection development, cataloging and metadata development for libraries, opening even more doors for library learning.

All of this learning has lead me to my current position as Director of Open Source Education at ByWater Solutions I now get to merge my love of learning, teaching, writing, technology and libraries all in one job where I go out into the community to increase awareness of open source offerings for libraries.

In addition to writing at What I Learned Today… I’ve also written for the newsletter of the Drexel Student Chapter of the Special Libraries Association, Computers in Libraries, ONLINE Magazine and the Journal for Hospital Librarianship. I also enjoy sharing what I’ve learned with others by presenting. I have presented on Web 2.0 for the Greater Philadelphia Law Library Association (GPLLA), Pennsylvania Bar Institute (PBI), Information Today Inc. and LaSalle University (see them all on my publications page).

I’ve also joined several library associations (see all of my memberships on my resume) and have volunteered for the Philadelphia SLA Chapter’s Technology Task Force and as the co-webmaster for the Greater Philadelphia Law Library Association (GPLLA). I love meeting new librarians and learning about how things work in other libraries. Joining these organizations has given me that opportunity and I try to attend as many events as possible.

In short, I’m both a technology and library enthusiast!

Favorite Links

 * What I Learned Today...
 * Gamecrafters Guild
 * Library Mashups

Favorite Articles

 * Shetland Sheepdog
 * Sheri S. Tepper
 * Juniata College
 * Library 2.0
 * Liblime
 * Koha (software)

Articles Started

 * Grant-Lee Phillips
 * Rosalind Miles
 * National Library Week
 * Rebecca Wells
 * Anita Shreve
 * Information Today, Inc.
 * Jenkins Law Library
 * Cephalonian method

Split Movies from Novels

 * Chocolat from Chocolat (movie) (movie page new)
 * Bridget Jones's Diary from Bridget Jones's Diary (2001 movie) (movie page new)
 * White Oleander from White Oleander (2002 movie) (movie page new)

title: User:Talia679


text:
Erdvilas

Erdvilas (Erdywił, Ердивил, Erdiwił, Erdwil) was one of the 21 early dukes of Lithuania who signed a treaty with Galicia–Volhynia in 1219. He and Vykintas are the two dukes of Samogitia mentioned in the treaty. This is supported by the fact that the eastern part of Samogitia supported King of Lithuania Mindaugas, while the western part, ruled by Vykintas, was more hostile. That is the only mention of him in written sources. Few historians consider that Treniota, Mindaugas' nephew, was son of Erdvilas. However more prefer Vykintas as Treniota's father.

Bychowiec Chronicle
The Bychowiec Chronicle presents a legendary version of Erdvilas' life. He was a son of Samogitian Duke Mantvila, who sent him to conquer Black Ruthenia. Erdvilas established his capital in Navahradak, founded Hrodna, and helped to rebuild other cities plundered by the Tatars. Refusing to pay tribute, Erdvilas gathered a large army, whose leader was Grumpis Gostautas, and defeated the Tatars on the banks of the Dnieper River. According to this account Vykintas was Erdvilas' brother and ruled Samogitia. When Vykintas died without leaving an heir, Erdvilas inherited Samogitia.

This account has no historical basis and is part of the Palemonids legend. Erdvilas would belong to the fifth generation of a noble family from the Roman Empire who settled in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and gave rise to the state.

title: Erdvilas


text:
Talk:Stop the Chump

Stop the Chump vs. Friskee
What's the difference between this and Friskee? –MementoVivere 15:04, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Points are scored in STC by macking the disc (hitting it midair while keeping it up) through the goal - the disc cannot go straight from a throw through a goal for a point. -138.16.11.106 02:00, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

STC or variations elsewhere?
Does anyone know of this game (by this or any other name) being played elsewhere? It is certainly distinct from Friskee in that a) the rules are effectively those of ultimate, except for scoring and field size and b) the disc cannot be thrown through the gates. It does seem unlikely, however, that this game is only found at one institution.

Mergeto Reason
I couldnt find anything on google on this in the first 20 results apart from mirrors of this page and a single mention in a students personal webpage. This article barely adds anything different to friskee and I feel at least they should be merged together and then with Ultimate (sport) under a nice heading of variations (or something similar) Tyhopho 23:25, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Since there are no sources and it's possibly unverifiable, I'm speedy-redirecting this to Ultimate (sport) in lieu of going through AFD. —Quarl (talk) 2007-02-26 03:32Z

title: Talk:Stop the Chump


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Neumann-Bernays-Gödel Axiomatic Set Theory

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was INVALID NOMINATION; should be listed on RFD instead. Postdlf 00:22, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

Neumann-Bernays-Gödel Axiomatic Set Theory
this redirect page has a completely wrong name, so it is hardly usefull to redirect to Von Neumann-Bernays-Gödel set theory, so I suggest to delete it. MarSch 15:06, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as invalid nomination; list on WP:RFD instead. (This is not an RFD vote.)  —msh210 16:42, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
University City

University City or university city may refer to a town/city specialized in providing higher education where its colleges and universities have a disproportionately large weight on its economic, social and cultural landscape, also known as college town, or a neighborhood within a town/city with the same characteristics. Examples of these include:

Brazil

 * Cidade Universitária, a neighborhood in the North Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on the artificial island of Fundão Island.

Colombia

 * University City of Bogotá (Ciudad Universitaria), a university in Bogotá, Colombia

Mexico

 * Ciudad Universitaria, the main campus of the National Autonomous University of Mexico

United States

 * University City, Missouri
 * University City (Charlotte neighborhood)
 * University City, Philadelphia, easternmost region of West Philadelphia
 * University City (SEPTA station), a train station in University City, Philadelphia
 * University City, Pittsburgh
 * University City, San Diego, northwestern portion of the city next to the University of California

Other places

 * University City of Sharjah, an education district in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
 * University City of Madrid, complex in the Moncloa-Aravaca district of Madrid, Spain

title: University City


text:
Talk:Bira bira flutter kanzashi

Isn't "Bira bira" onomatopoeic in Japanese? If so, I'd guess it'd be interesting to note in connection to the little bells mentioned in the article. -- Gnoitall 15:06, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I think this page should be renamed to either Flutter kanzashi or Bira bira kanzashi, as it is always called one or the other. You will never hear or see the term 'bira bira flutter kanzashi' like that, just as you won't see someone referred to as a 'daimyo feudal warrior lord'. Either the Japanese term or the English, not both at once. LordAmeth 20:32, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bira bira flutter kanzashi


text:
Talk:Tash

Tash- the name of an elephant n napier new zealand

title: Talk:Tash


text: User talk:85.165.36.246

title: User talk:85.165.36.246


text:
Javier Lozano Barragán

Javier Lozano Barragán (26 January 1933 – 20 April 2022) was a Mexican prelate of the Catholic Church who was president of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers from 1997 to 2009. He was made a cardinal in 2003. He was auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Mexico from 1979 to 1984 and bishop of Zacatecas from 1984 to 1997.

Early life and education
Born in Toluca, State of México, on 26 January 1933, Lozano Barragán trained at the seminary in Zamora, Michoacán, and was ordained a priest on 30 October 1955 while studying in Rome, where he earned a doctorate in dogmatic theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University in 1958. Returning to Mexico, he taught at the seminary in Zamora In the 1970s he served as president first of the Mexican Theological Society and then of the Theological Pastoral Institute of the Latin American Episcopal Council (CELAM).

Bishop
On 5 June 1979, Lozano Barragán was appointed auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Mexico. He received his episcopal consecration on 15 August from Cardinal Ernesto Corripio y Ahumada, Archbishop of Mexico. While in that position, he helped to found the Pontifical University of Mexico and served on its leadership council from 1982-1985.

On 28 October 1984 he was named bishop of Zacatecas. While in that post he was made a member of two Curial bodies, the Pontifical Council for Dialogue with Non-Believers and the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.

Curial service
On 31 October 1996 he was appointed president of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers and given the personal title of archbishop.

Lozano Barragán was made Cardinal-Deacon of San Michele Arcangelo a Pietralata by Pope John Paul II on 21 October 2003.

Upon the death of Pope John Paul, he was one of many crediting him with miracles, citing the case of a four-year-old Mexican boy who recovered from leukemia without explanation after the pope hugged and kissed him on a visit to Zacatecas in 1990.

Lozano Barragán was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2005 papal conclave that selected Pope Benedict XVI.

In 2006 Pope Benedict asked Lozano Barragán to prepare a report on condoms and AIDS to allow Curia officials to study "both the scientific and technical aspects linked to the condom, as well as the moral implications in all their amplitude". He downplayed reports that it was anything more than a study and said "we are in the first stage" and that it was scientific in nature and would not extend to assessing morality.

On two occasions he opposed the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments, including artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH), from patients had spent years in a vegetative state. In 2005, when Terry Schiavo died after the withdrawal of life support after 15 years, he said: "Let’s stop with the euphemisms—they killed her." In 2009, he called the withdrawal of ANH from Eluana Englaro after 17 years "monstrous and inhuman murder".

On 18 April 2009, Pope Benedict accepted Lozano Barragán's resignation for reasons of age and appointed Zygmunt Zimowski to the post.

In retirement
The following December, Lorenzo Barragán condemned the use of the RU-486 pill as "a crime that demands punishment". He described its authorization as "worse than liberalizing the sake of weapons". That same month, he discussed the Church's teaching on homosexuality and salvation. He said media reports attributing to him the view that homosexuals can not be saved had misconstrued his reference to Saint Paul's Letter to the Romans which condemns individual homosexuals. He said scripture can not be used to condemn all homosexuals. Rather, he said that "many times one is not a homosexual through one's own fault; it all depends on one's education and environment." He offered the view "that for grave fault to exist, in addition to needing grave matter, one needs full knowledge and full consent: Where one of those three conditions is lacking, there is no grave fault."

Having been ten years as a cardinal deacon, he was promoted to Cardinal-Priest of Santa Dorotea by Pope Francis on 12 June 2014.

Lozano Barragán died in Rome on 20 April 2022. In offering his condolences, Pope Francis noted they had been friends since 1980.

title: Javier Lozano Barragán


text: Category:Sport in Shropshire

title: Category:Sport in Shropshire


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Noel Streatfeild

Mary Noel Streatfeild OBE (24 December 1895 – 11 September 1986) was an English author, best known for children's books including the "Shoes" books, which were not a series (though some books made references to others). Random House, the U.S. publisher of the 1936 novel Ballet Shoes (1936), published some of Streatfeild's subsequent children's books using the word "Shoes" in their titles, to capitalize on the popularity of Ballet Shoes; thus Circus Shoes (originally called The Circus Is Coming), Party Shoes (originally called Party Frock), Skating Shoes (originally called White Boots) and many more. She won the third annual Carnegie Medal for The Circus Is Coming. She was a member of the historic Streatfeild family.

Several of her novels have been adapted for film or television.

Biography
Mary Noel Streatfeild was born in Frant, Sussex, the second of five surviving children of William Champion Streatfeild, later the Bishop of Lewes, and Janet Mary Venn. Her life is described in three semi-autobiographical novels: A Vicarage Family, Away from the Vicarage and Beyond the Vicarage. Her elder sister Ruth Gervis illustrated Ballet Shoes. Noel was considered the "plain" sister in her family, but she shone in performances with her sisters for charity. Upon reaching adulthood she sought a career in theatre, and gained ten years of experience as an actress, working for the Charles Doran and Arthur Bourchier companies. Her familiarity with the stage was the basis for many of her popular books for children, which are often about children struggling with careers in the arts.

Her first children's book was Ballet Shoes, published by J. M. Dent in 1936. She recalled, "The story poured off my pen, more or less telling itself ... I distrusted what came easily and so despised the book." It was a commended runner-up for the inaugural Carnegie Medal from the Library Association, recognising the year's best British children's book, and it launched a successful career in writing for children. For her third book and third "Shoes" novel, The Circus Is Coming (later published as Circus Shoes), she won the 1938 Carnegie Medal.

She was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1983 New Year Honours.

Adaptations
Aunt Clara was filmed in 1954 with Margaret Rutherford in the title role.

In 1968 London Weekend Television produced a six-episode serial of The Growing Summer, with Wendy Hiller as Aunt Dymphna. It was filmed in Bantry (Bantry House), in Ahakista and near Kilcrohane on the Sheep's Head Peninsula in County Cork, Republic of Ireland.

Thursday's Child was adapted for television by the BBC in 1972.

Ballet Shoes was made into a 6-episode television series by the BBC in 1975. In 2007 it was made into a feature-length film for BBC One. A Granada production film, Ballet Shoes, was adapted by the screenwriter Heidi Thomas and starred Emilia Fox as Sylvia Brown, Victoria Wood as Nana, Emma Watson as Pauline Fossil, Yasmin Paige as Petrova Fossil, Lucy Boynton as Posy Fossil and Richard Griffiths as Great Uncle Matthew.

Noel Streatfeild also wrote 12 romance novels under the pen name "Susan Scarlett".

Allusions in other works
Noel Streatfeild was recommended by Meg Ryan's character in the 1998 film You've Got Mail. "Noel Streatfeild wrote Ballet Shoes and Skating Shoes and Theatre Shoes and Dancing Shoes and...I'd start with Ballet Shoes first. It's my favorite ... although Skating Shoes is completely wonderful. But it's out of print."

Works discovered posthumously
Two unpublished short stories by Streatfeild were set to be published by Virago Press in November 2018 and mid-2019 after they were discovered by Streatfeild's nephew, William Streatfeild, and Donna Coonan, the editorial director of Virago Press.

Selected works

 * Children's fiction
 * Ballet Shoes (1936)
 * Tennis Shoes (1937)
 * The Circus Is Coming (1938), also published as Circus Shoes
 * The House in Cornwall (1940), also published in the US as The Secret of the Lodge (1940)
 * The Children of Primrose Lane (1941), also published as The Stranger in Primrose Lane
 * Curtain Up (1944), also published as Theater Shoes
 * Party Frock (1946), also published as Party Shoes
 * The Painted Garden (1949), significantly abridged and published in the U.S. as Movie Shoes
 * White Boots (1951), also published as Skating Shoes
 * The Fearless Treasure (1953)
 * The Bell Family (1954), also published as Family Shoes
 * Wintle's Wonders (1957), also published as Dancing Shoes
 * New Town (1961)
 * Apple Bough (1962), also published as Traveling Shoes
 * A Vicarage Family (1963)
 * The First Book of the Ballet (1963)
 * The Children on the Top Floor (1964)
 * Away from the Vicarage (1965)
 * The Growing Summer (1966), also published as The Magic Summer
 * Caldicott Place (1967), also published as The Family at Caldicott Place
 * The "Gemma" series (1968–69) - consists of Gemma (1968), Gemma and Sisters (1968), Gemma Alone (1969), Good-bye Gemma (1969).
 * Thursday's Child (1970)
 * Beyond the Vicarage (1971)
 * Ballet Shoes for Anna (1972)
 * When the Siren Wailed (1974)
 * Far to Go (1976), sequel to Thursday's Child
 * Meet the Maitlands (1978)
 * The Maitlands: All Change at Cuckley Place (1979), sequel to the above

 * Collections
 * Noel Streatfeild's Christmas Stories (2018 Virago Press) - consists of "The Audition" (1949), "The Bells Keep Twelfth Night" (1951), "The Moss Rose" (1950), "Thimble" (1951), "The Princess" (1962), "The Chain" (1950), "Christmas at Collers" (1960), "The Pantomime Goose" (1951), "Skating to the Stars" (1952)
 * Noel Streatfeild's Holiday Stories (2019 Virago Press) - consists of "The Plain One: A note from the author" (1976), "Devon Mettle" (1933), "Chicken for Supper" (1951), "Flag's Circus" (1954), "The Secret" (1959), "Coralie" (1959), "Ordinary Me" (1959), "Cows Eat Flowers" (1965), "Andrew's Trout" (1964), "The Old Fool", "Let's Go Coaching" (1964), "Howard" (1966), "The Quiet Holiday" (1968), "Roberta", "Green Silk" (1977). The Collection states that first publication details could not be found for Andrew's Trout, Let's Go Coaching and Cows Eat Flowers, but the dates given above are those marked on the manuscript. No publication or date details could be found for Roberta or The Old Fool.
 * Adult fiction
 * The Whicharts (1931)
 * Parson's Nine (1932)
 * Tops and Bottoms (1933)
 * A Shepherdess of Sheep (1934)
 * It Pays to Be Good (1936)
 * Caroline England (1937)
 * Luke (1939)
 * The Winter is Past (1940)
 * I Ordered a Table for Six (1942)
 * Myra Carroll (1944)
 * Saplings (1945)
 * Grass in Piccadilly (1947)
 * Mothering Sunday (1950)
 * Aunt Clara (1952), made into a 1954 film of the same title
 * Judith (1956)
 * The Silent Speaker (1961)
 * The Silent Speaker (1961)

 * Adult fiction under the pseudonym Susan Scarlett
 * Clothes-Pegs (1939)
 * Sally-Ann (1939)
 * Peter and Paul (1940)
 * Ten Way Street (1940)
 * The Man in the Dark (1940)
 * Babbacombe (1941)
 * Under the Rainbow (1941)
 * Summer Pudding (1943)
 * Murder While You Work (1944)
 * Poppies for England (1947)
 * Pirouette (1948)
 * Love in a Mist (1951)

 * Nonfiction
 * The Years of Grace (1950)
 * Queen Victoria (1958)
 * Magic and the Magician: E. Nesbit and her Children's Books (1958)
 * The Boy Pharaoh, Tutankhamen (1972)
 * Tea by the Nursery Fire (1976)

 * Edited
 * Growing up Gracefully (1955), illustrated by John Dugan
 * The Day Before Yesterday: Firsthand Stories of Fifty Years Ago (1956), illustrated by Dick Hart
 * To the Garden of Delights (1960)

title: Noel Streatfeild


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History of the Jews in Belmonte

The history of the Jewish community in Belmonte, Portugal, dates back to the 13th century; the community was composed of Spanish and Portuguese Jews who kept their faith through crypto-Judaism.

The history of Belmonte's Jewish community is told at the Belmonte Jewish Museum, opened in 2005.

As of 2008, the Jewish population of Belmonte numbers around 300.

The Inquisition and before
The earliest sign relic of the Belmonte Jewish community is an inscribed granite reliquary dating to 1297, from the town's first synagogue. Through the 15th and 16th century, there were a series of Inquisitions in Rome, Spain, and Portugal; the Spanish Inquisition of 1478 targeted conversos, Jews who had publicly renounced the Jewish faith and adopted Christianity, eventually expelling them in 1492, and thousands of Jews and conversos fled from Spain to Portugal. However, the Inquisition soon spread to Portugal, and they too began targeting conversos, and many worried about marranos, conversos only pretending to convert to Catholicism, but secretly continuing to practice Judaism and converting other Christians to Judaism.

In 1497, King Manuel I ordered Portuguese Jews to either convert to Catholicism or to leave Portugal; many Jews, however, continued to practice Judaism, such as Belmonte. However, the fact that besides the reliquary, there is no written evidence of Belmonte's Jewish community before or after 1297 means it cannot be confirmed whether the continuous presence of crypto-Jews was maintained or severed at some point(s). According to Antonieta Garcia, the wife of the former Mayor of Belmonte and who grew up as marrano in the 20th century, though, the existence of Inquisition dossiers against residents of Belmonte in the Court of Coimbra raises doubts to the possibility that Jewish settlement of the town ever ceased to exist. Jews continued to hide their religious rites and practices even after the Inquisition officially ended in 1821.

Schwarz's arrival
In 1914, a Jewish Polish mining engineer named Samuel Schwarz arrived in Portugal at the beginning of World War I. Because of the war, finding work in Western Europe proved impossible, and he and his wife moved to Lisbon, Portugal. Afterwards, he began working at the tungsten and tin mines of Vilar Formoso and Belmonte. While in Belmonte, he was able to identify many Jewish symbols, such as a stele with Hebrew inscriptions, which he identified as belonging to an early synagogue. At the same time, he was warned by a Christian merchant not do business with a certain rival, claiming: "It is enough for me to tell you he is a Jew." He later met with this rival, Baltasar Pereira de Sousa, who confessed to him that he and his family were not only of Jewish descent, but were still secretly practicing Judaism. De Sousa went on to introduce Schwarz to the other marrano families of Belmonte, but to gain their trust, Schwarz had to prove he was a fellow Jew.

Following this, Schwarz would go onto study the Jewish community of Belmonte for eight more years, before publishing a book on them in 1925, titled "The New Christians in Portugal in the Twentieth Century." He observed that they did not practice circumcision, kept Sabbath candles submerged in clay jars, and constructed sausages out of flour and chicken called Alheira, before they were hung up on windows to prevent arousing suspicion from local authorities. In Portugal, it was a common practice to hang up chouriços to dry, which were made of pork - a meat that Jewish people don't eat. They also didn't have rabbis, and religious ceremonies were conducted at home by the women of the family.

According to Garcia, Schwarz's arrival and the generally more lax atmosphere of Portugal at the time triggered a period of openness among the community, no longer as afraid to hide their faith. The revelation of the Belmonte Jewish community created significant shock waves in the worldwide Jewish community, some going so far as to launch efforts to "re-judaize" the marranos of Portugal, or reintegrate them into formal Orthodox Judaism. Three young men from Belmonte went to study in the yeshiva of Porto to become future teachers and rabbis; 1928, they were present at Passover services, and gave a number of Hebrew-language and religious basics lessons to some of the older members of the community.

Under Salazar
António de Oliveira Salazar's rise to power caused the Portuguese Jewish community to retreat from public displays of their faith. However, many of Belmonte's crypto-Jews who had come out as Jewish continued to differentiate themselves from their Catholic neighbors, avoiding the performance of public Catholic ceremonies, and meticulously cleaning their houses on Friday. Garcia interviewed one woman from the community on this: "On the Jewish holidays, the men would go out into the street to avoid arousing suspicion. But it was up to us – the women who stayed inside the house – to take care of everything. We sang and we recited the prayers only after putting the young children to sleep. If they had heard us saying the prayers, they might have unintentionally repeated what they heard at home when out into the street. Only after they were mature... [for example when they began] to keep all the fasts, did we include them in our ceremony. Not only that: when we didn't come to church for mass, and other people bothered us because of that in school, we were trained to say that we had heard mass on the radio, or on television."

- Antonieta Garcia

Modern day
On 1974, April 25, the Carnation Revolution marked the end of the Salazar regime, leading to more openness in Portuguese society. Correspondingly, the Belmonte Jewish community began to open up more to the outside world. In 1987, a ceremony to welcome the Sabbath was held in the Municipal Auditorium with 63 people presenting, including a rabbi from the United States.

Belmonte's history of crypto-Judaism continues to generate interest. In November of 1987, the International Conference in Trancoso on the History of the Beiras and the Jews of the Iberian Peninsula was held, sponsored by the Association for Portuguese-Israeli Friendship, the Municipal Council of Transcoso, the Israeli Embassy in Portugal, the Civil Administration of Guarda, and also the Bureau of Archeology and History of Trancoso. The conference included lectures, exhibitions, films, guided tours of Belmonte's Jewish quarters, and other historical sites.

On January 19, 1998, a network of marrano families announced the holding of a meeting where the Jewish Association of Belmonte would be founded. Belmonte's members had spent years studying prior for the official establishment of Belmonte's kehilah, or a Halakhic Jewish community. On February 8, a list of the rights and responsibilities of community members were published:

 * 1) To spread the Jewish religion among the members.
 * 2) To spread the Jewish cultural tradition.
 * 3) To encourage and motivate unity and mutual assistance among the Jews of Belmonte and in general among the Jews of Portugal.
 * 4) To be involved, as an autonomous community, in the Jewish community of Lisbon, since it is the only body that represents the Jews of Portugal.
 * 5) To inform the Jews of the entire world about the return of the crypto-Jews of Portugal to the bosom of Judaism.
 * 6) To act toward cooperation with Jewish individuals and organization to achieve the aforementioned goals.

In 1990, Frédéric Brenner released his documentary about the Belmonte Jewish community called "The Last Marranos", drawing the first wave of tourists. In 1994, a representative from the converso community invited an Israeli rabbi to convert a group in Belmonte. A synagogue named Bet Eliahu was built and opened its doors in 1996.

In 2003, the Belmonte project was founded under the American Sephardi Federation in order to raise funds for acquiring Jewish education material and services for the community. A Jewish Museum of Belmonte opened on April 17, 2005; the museum underwent a renovation in 2016 and reopened in 2017. In 2006, the American Sephardi Federation no longer houses the Belmonte Project, as it considers Belmonte's tradition of crypto-Judaism unique. The Daily Telegraph included the Jewish museum of Belmonte as part of its list of top 50 small museums in Europe.

In 2019, the Jewish community of Belmonte completed an Eruv.

title: History of the Jews in Belmonte


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Arthur P. Fairfield

Arthur Philip Fairfield (October 29, 1877 – December 14, 1946) was a vice admiral in the United States Navy.

Biography
Born and raised in Saco, Maine, Fairfield was the son of Rufus Albert Fairfield and Frances Mary Patten and the great-grandson of Maine Governor John Fairfield. From 1892 to 1895, he attended the Thornton Academy. From 1895 to 1897, Fairfield studied at Bowdoin College before entering the United States Naval Academy. He served on the protected cruiser USS Columbia (C-12) during the Spanish–American War, before graduating from the Naval Academy in 1901.

In World War I, Commander Fairfield commissioned the destroyer USS Gregory (DD-82) on 1 June 1918, and while commanding the destroyer USS McDougal (DD-54) earned the award of the Navy Cross for his "prompt and efficient action in contact on September 8 with a submarine which attempted an attack upon a convoy".

Commander Fairfield taught at the United States Naval Academy following World War I, where he compiled a new Naval Academy textbook Naval Ordnance in 1920 for publication in 1921. He was promoted to captain in November 1923.

Captain Fairfield commanded the heavy cruiser USS Chester (CA-27) from 1930–1932. He then attended the senior class at the Naval War College, graduating in 1933. Fairfield was promoted to rear admiral in September 1934 and given command of Cruiser Division 7, Scouting Force.

In 1936, Fairfield commanded Squadron 40-T, a special temporary squadron, organized to evacuate American nationals from the Spanish Civil War areas. With the light cruiser USS Raleigh (CL-7) as his flagship Rear Admiral Fairfield sailed with the destroyers USS Kane (DD-235) and USS Hatfield (DD-231) and the Coast Guard Cutter Cayuga to Spain, and saved hundreds of Americans.

In 1938–39 Fairfield served as Assistant Chief of Naval Operations, and in 1939–1940, was commander of Battleship Division Three of the United States Fleet.

Fairfield was promoted to vice admiral when he retired on November 1, 1941. He was called back to active duty after the U.S. entered World War II the following month. He served as an advisor to the Maritime Commission, and was Chairman of the Board of Medals and Decorations, among other duties.

Fairfield retired again in 1945, and died on December 14, 1946, at the Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland. He and his wife Nancy Douglas Duval (1874–1947) are buried at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia.

Namesake
The Liberty ship, launched in June 1944 as the William Hodson, which served as the Chung Tung under Lend-Lease to the Republic of China, was renamed Arthur P. Fairfield in 1947, then Admiral Arthur P. Fairfield in 1948, while being operated by the American Pacific Steamship Company.

title: Arthur P. Fairfield


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text: User talk:200.222.72.18

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Pine processionary

The pine processionary (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) is a moth of the subfamily Thaumetopoeinae in the family Notodontidae, known for the irritating hairs of its caterpillars, their processions, and the economic damage they cause in coniferous forests. The species was first described scientifically by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775, though it was known to the ancients, with remedies described by Theophrastus, Dioscorides and Pliny the Elder. Its processionary behaviour was described in 1916 by the French entomologist Jean-Henri Fabre. It is one of the most destructive species to pines and cedars in Central Asia, North Africa and southern Europe.

The species is notable for the behaviour of its caterpillars, which overwinter in tent-like nests high in pine trees, and which proceed through the woods in nose-to-tail columns, protected from predators by their severely irritating hairs.

The species is one of the few insects where the larva develops in winter in temperate zones. Global warming is causing the species to affect forests progressively further north. The urticating hairs of the caterpillar larvae cause harmful (and in some cases allergic) reactions, in humans and other mammals.

History of study
The Greek physician Dioscorides noted the urtication caused by the pine-dwelling pityokampē caterpillar, the name meaning "Aleppo pine larva" (πιτυοκάμπη; from πίτυς pitys "pine" and κάμπη kampē "caterpillar"), in his 77 AD book De materia medica. Pliny the Elder recorded a treatment for the resulting itching in his Natural History; Theophrastus had earlier recommended the medicinal plant elecampane (horse-heal) in oil and wine to treat contact with "pine larvae" in his Historia Plantarum.

The French entomologist Jean-Henri Fabre conducted a famous study on the pine processionary caterpillar where a group of them followed head-to-tail in a circle around the rim of a flower pot; they continued marching in the circle for a week. He described the experiment in his 1916 book The Life of the Caterpillar. The study has been cited innumerable times by inspirational and religious speakers who view it as a metaphor for blindly following a leader or for confusing activity with accomplishment. Fabre considered his caterpillars to be mindless automatons, trapped because they were pre-programmed to blindly follow trails, in this case the endless one that they had laid down around the circular pot rim. Fabre's caterpillars may have been physically trapped on the narrow rim of the pot, but circular trails established by young caterpillars do continue to circle for as long as 12 hours even when free on a flat surface.

Description
The adult is a stout furry moth which holds its wings like a tent over the body, in the manner of the eggar moths (Lasiocampidae). The adult is larger than the oak processionary, Thaumetopoea processionea, has a crescent marking on the wings (unlike the pale eggar moth; the oak processionary has an indistinct marking), and is found in coniferous rather than broad-leaved forests. The caterpillars are readily recognised by their processionary habit and their presence (with large silken nests and signs of defoliation) in coniferous woods. They are orange-brown and hairy with blue bands.

Distribution
The species is native to the southern Mediterranean area, North Africa, the Middle East, and southern Europe. It has been spreading northwards since the 1990s, assisted by climate change and by commercial activities including planting of host trees and transportation, and has reached Brittany, forests to the north of Paris, and Strasbourg in northern France.

A paler subspecies, T. pityocampa orana, occurs in North Africa from Morocco to Libya, at altitudes to 2000 m in the Middle Atlas; the adults fly between April and August.

Life cycle

Though most individuals of the species only live one year, some in high altitudes or more northern areas may survive for over two years. Each female lays an "enormous number" of eggs near the tops of pine trees. After hatching, the larvae eat pine needles while progressing through five stages of development (instars). To survive through the winter, the caterpillars construct a nest of silk threads, making them one of the few species of temperate zone insects where the larvae develop in winter. Around the beginning of April, the caterpillars leave the nests in the procession for which the species is known. They burrow underground, pupate, and emerge between mid May and August.

The eggs are laid in cylindrical bodies ranging from 4 to 5 cm in length. The eggs are covered with scales which come from the female and mimic pine shoots.

The larva is a major forest pest, living communally in large "tents", usually in pine trees but occasionally in cedar or larch, marching out at night in single file (hence the common name) to feed on the needles. There are often several such tents in a single tree. When they are ready to pupate, the larvae march in their usual fashion to the ground, where they disperse to pupate singly on or just below the surface.

The moth's pupal stage occurs in a white silken cocoon under soil. The pupae measure around 20 mm and are a pale brownish-yellow that changes into a dark reddish brown.

As an adult, T. pityocampa has predominantly light brown forewings with brown markings. The moth's hindwings are white. Females have larger wingspans of 36 to 49 mm, compared to a male's 31 to 39 mm. Adults only live for a single day, when they mate and lay eggs. Males are able to fly several tens of kilometres, but the moth's dispersal depends on how far the female is able to fly during her short time as an adult. Her average flying distance is 1.7 km, with a maximum recorded of 10.5 km.

Shelter building
T. pityocampa is highly social. Throughout its life cycle, an individual makes several shelters, possibly for protection from predators; the larvae emerge to feed at night. The first of these is flimsy and temporary, but in the third instar, they build a permanent nest. Once the permanent nest is built, the caterpillars become foragers, staying in the vicinity of the nest. The nest has no openings, so caterpillars force themselves through the layers of the shelter. The waste from the larvae's diet falls as frass and accumulates at the bottom of the nest.

Processions
Lengthy processions are formed when fully grown caterpillars abandon their host tree in search of pupation sites, when as many as three hundred caterpillars may travel long distances from the natal tree looking for soft soil in which to bury themselves and form cocoons. During processions, stimuli from setae on the tip of the abdomen of the caterpillar in front serve to hold processions together, taking priority over the trail pheromone or silk.

Parasites, predators, and diseases
The species is controlled to some extent by predators, parasites and viruses which attack the moth at many stages of its life cycle. For example, eggs are eaten by the orthopteran Ephippiger ephippiger, while larvae are eaten by birds such as great tit (Parus major) and great spotted cuckoo (Clamator glandarius). Larvae are parasitised by solitary wasps (Ichneumonidae, Braconidae) and some species of flies (Tachinidae), and may be infected by the processionary moth virus Smithiavirus pityocampae. Pupae are eaten by hoopoes (Upupa epops), while adults are eaten by bats.

Skin and eye irritation
In the third and subsequent instars of their development, pine processionary caterpillars defend themselves from predators with conspicuous hairs containing an irritant chemical, thaumetopoein. Simple contact with the hairs of the caterpillar can cause severe rashes (urticaria) and eye irritation in humans and other mammals, and some individuals may have an allergic reaction. When stressed or threatened, fifth-stage larvae eject hairs shaped like harpoons, which penetrate all areas of exposed skin nearby and irritate them with an urticating protein.

Forestry damage

The pine processionary is a major economic pest in coniferous forests in southern Europe, where the caterpillar is responsible for most of the defoliation seen in coniferous trees; outbreaks are somewhat cyclical, with a period of 7 to 9 years. Although pines are the most susceptible, other conifer trees such as larches are also vulnerable. The caterpillars can completely defoliate trees if large numbers are present.

Global warming is causing the species to affect forests progressively further north. It has for example been a pest of forests in Southern Europe since classical times, but it has already reached the north of France.

Artificial control
Efforts to control the pine processionary have included biological control using Bacillus thuringiensis, which is effective on eggs and first- or second-stage caterpillars (in September or October), or insecticides such as diflubenzuron, an insect growth regulator, which can be sprayed from aircraft. Monitoring can include the use of pheromone traps. Other methods that have been tried include insecticides in oil inserted directly into nests, and mechanical removal of nests.

title: Pine processionary


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La Repubblica

la Repubblica (English: "the Republic") is an Italian daily general-interest newspaper with an average circulation of 151,309 copies in May 2023. It was founded in 1976 in Rome by Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso (now known as GEDI Gruppo Editoriale) and led by Eugenio Scalfari, Carlo Caracciolo, and Arnoldo Mondadori Editore as a leftist newspaper, which proclaimed itself a "newspaper-party" (giornale-partito). During the early years of la Repubblica, its political views and readership ranged from the reformist left to the extraparliamentary left. Into the 21st century, it is identified with centre-left politics, and was known for its anti-Berlusconism, and Silvio Berlusconi's personal scorn for the paper.

In April 2020, the paper was acquired by the GEDI Gruppo Editoriale of John Elkann and the Agnelli family, who is also the founder and owner of La Stampa. Maurizio Molinari, the then editor of La Stampa, was appointed as la Repubblica's editor in place of Carlo Verdelli; this prompted the resignation of several journalists opposed to this change. Under Molinari, it took a moderate line, and tried to go beyond the political left and right, and against populism. At the same time, because "information is essential to support and animate a widespread laboratory of ideas on what economic justice means today", it was concerned about economic and social inequalities. Under Molinari, it equated work on paper to digital work and followed the digital first theory. La Repubblica and Corriere della Sera are known for their fact-checking. Alongside Corriere della Sera, La Stampa, Il Sole 24 Ore, and Il Messaggero, it is one of the main national newspapers in Italy.

Foundation
la Repubblica was founded by Eugenio Scalfari, previously director of the weekly magazine L'Espresso. The publisher Carlo Caracciolo and Mondadori had invested 2.3 billion lire (half each) and a break-even point was calculated at 150,000 copies. Scalfari invited a few trusted colleagues like Gianni Rocca, then Giorgio Bocca, Sandro Viola, Mario Pirani, Miriam Mafai, Barbara Spinelli, Natalia Aspesi, and Giuseppe Turani. The cartoons were the prerogative of Giorgio Forattini until 1999.

Early years
The newspaper first went on sale on 14 January 1976. It was presented as the first Italian tabloid, with some sections such as sports and business intentionally left out. When it was founded, it was intended to be a second newspaper, with only major news at the national level, to an audience that has already read a local newspaper. It was composed of 20 pages and was published from Tuesday to Sunday. The paper defined itself as a "newspaper-party" (giornale-partito) in its initial stage.

During the first two years, it built up a core-audience identified as members of the centre-left and the Italian Communist Party (PCI). In 1977, Scalfari decided to cater to the university student movement, so la Repubblica began its expansion. The strength of the newspaper lay particularly in the editorial comments section, which was always incisive and thought-provoking. In the meantime, Giampaolo Pansa from Corriere della Sera became the deputy director, alongside Rocca and Pirani.

Rise to prominence
In early 1978, average sales amounted to 114,000 copies. During the 55 days of the Aldo Moro kidnapping, la Repubblica backed the policy of hardline non-negotiation while reporting on the pro-negotiation approach led by Bettino Craxi of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI). The paper's stance proved popular, and by the end of the year its daily sales reached 140,000 copies. In 1979, with an average print run of 180,000 copies, it achieved a break-even point. The size of the newspaper increased with page count growing from 20 to 24. The newspaper decided to cover sports for the first time and veteran reporter Gianni Brera was added. From 1979 to 1994, Glauco Benigni was the International Media Editor further reaffirming the expansion and popularity of the paper overseas, covering international Film Festivals and major events like U.S. Mission rocket launches.

In 1981, Corriere della Sera was hit by a scandal when chief editor Franco Di Bella was outed as a member of the secret masonic lodge Propaganda Due (P2). This allowed la Repubblica to win extra readers and recruit a number of prestigious commentators, such as Enzo Biagi and Alberto Ronchey from Corriere della Sera. Aiming to gain top circulation in Italy, chief editor Scalfari launched new reader-friendly initiatives. There were now 40 pages, including news sections, entertainment, and sport. The newspaper was pitched as an omnibus newspaper, namely a paper catering to all types of readers. Politically, while the paper kept backing the progressive left, its approach to governmental parties changed; its traditional opposition to Craxi's line was coupled with overtures to Ciriaco De Mita, one of the leading figures of the left wing of the Christian Democracy party. This seemed to pay off as in 1985 la Repubblica sold an average of 372,940 copies, about 150,000 more than in 1981.

1986 marked the newspaper's tenth birthday. A special issue was released in celebration, Dieci anni 1976/1985 ("Ten Years 1976/1985"), consisting of ten files in coated paper, one per each year, with the re-issuing of many original articles. The launch was backed by a successful advertising campaign featuring a young university student seen purchasing la Repubblica. Ten years later, the same student was pictured as an adult; he is holding the same newspaper but in the meantime he worked his way up to an important managerial position in a large company. The same year saw the launch of weekly financial supplement, Affari & finanza, edited by Giuseppe Turani. la Repubblica continued the game of catch up with Corriere della Sera, and in December 1986 managed to overtake their rivals.

In 1987, la Repubblica launched a prize competition called Portfolio, a type of stock market-based lottery. Readers were encouraged to buy the newspaper daily in order to check share value. The prize turned out to cost more than the supplements earned, the latter increasing sales for one or two days a week only. la Repubblica expanded by almost 200,000 copies within three months, stretching to a total daily average of nearly 700,000. At that point, la Repubblica became the best-selling Italian newspaper. The 1988 circulation of the paper was 730,000 copies, making it the most read newspaper in Italy. At the end of the 1980s, the paper reached a circulation of 800,000 copies; by 2015, the paper had the country's second highest circulation, after Corriere della Sera, at about 275,000 copies. Corriere della Sera hit back with a free Saturday magazine and la Repubblica reciprocated with their own magazine, Venerdì, launched on 16 October 1987, the same day as Affari & Finanza. The via Solferino publishing group did not reclaim the top spot for two years.

Guerra di Segrate ("Segrate War")
At the end of the 1980s, believing that a stronger financial support was needed for the growth of the group, Carlo Caracciolo and Eugenio Scalfari (main shareholders of the Espresso group) sold all their shares to Carlo De Benedetti. Already a major shareholder of Mondadori, Benedetti took the Espresso group together with the Milan publisher, with the goal of becoming the main shareholder, buying the stock of Arnoldo Mondadori's heirs. Silvio Berlusconi prevented it, starting the Segrate War (from the town of Segrate, near Milan, where the Mondadori main office is located. In 1991, after more than two years of legal and financial battles, the struggle was ended by the entrepreneur Giuseppe Ciarrapico on behalf of the prime minister of the time, Giulio Andreotti, who persuaded De Benedetti and Berlusconi to split the Grande Mondadori. De Benedetti received la Repubblica, L'Espresso, and some local newspapers, while Berlusconi received Mondadori minus the newspapers. The controversial operation was the main point of a lawsuit in which Berlusconi was charged with corruption of legal proceedings. This lawsuit became famous as the Lodo Mondadori ("Mondadori arbitration award"). A verdict on 3 October 2009 by the Causa Civile (Civil Court of Milan) pronounced that Berlusconi's Fininvest had to compensate the De Benedetti's CIR €750 million for financial losses due to perdita di chance ("lost opportunities") from the Lodo Mondadori decision.

In the following years, new publishing projects were added. la Repubblica, which up to then was not published on Monday, bought Lunedì di Repubblica for 50 million lire. This was a satirical magazine and the first real fake newspaper; it was published by Vincenzo Sparagna, author of Frigidaire. Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso at first sued Sparagna for plagiarism but lost when the court acknowledged Lunedì di Repubblica as an original masthead. The launch occurred on 10 January 1994; in this period, the newspaper had an average circulation of 660,000 copies. 1995, besides being the year of the introduction of the supplements ''Musica! Rock & altro and Salute'', was the year of a graphical change as colour was introduced on the first page and in advertisements. In May 1996, after twenty years, Eugenio Scalfari resigned as editor-in-chief but remained an important contributor to the newspaper. He was succeeded by Ezio Mauro. That same year, the weekly women's supplement D – la Repubblica delle donne ("D – The Republic of Women") was launched.

After Eugenio Scalfari
On 5 April 1996, the paper launched its website as a collaborative effort with Digital and Interbusiness (a unit of Telecom Italia), as an online trial version of the newspaper, created for the 1996 Italian general election held on 21 April. In August 1996, Mauro began a project, Repubblica – lavori in corso ("Repubblica – work in progress"), with the objective of testing an on-line edition. The project was coordinated by Vittorio Zambardino, Gualtiero Pierce, and Ernesto Assante, with technical direction by Alessandro Canepa.

On 14 January 1997, the online version of the newspaper, Repubblica.it, was launched. In May 2007, the paper's website was listed 11th among the top 30 brands of the month in Italy, with almost 5 million unique visitors, and being the first daily newspaper ahead of Corriere della Sera; during the same month, the paper had sold about 566,000 copies compared to the circa 594,000 copies of Corriere della Sera. By October 2007, it had become the main Italian information website, with over 10.6 million visitors, and in 2010 was the tenth most visited website in the country, ahead of Google, Yahoo!, Facebook, YouTube, and MSN.

In 2004, through a gradual process, the newspaper introduced colour in every page. This decision forced the whole Italian newspaper market to adopt similar measures. On 19 October 2007, the newspaper's graphics and layout were renovated. la Repubblica split in two newspapers: one dedicated to the news and the other (called R2) to analysis of current events. On 20 November 2007, the newspaper revealed wiretapping transcripts between certain RAI and Mediaset directors, aimed at modifying some parts of the TV scheduling of 2005 regarding the death of Pope John Paul II and the 2005 Italian regional elections.

In August 2009, Berlusconi sued the newspaper, after it published ten questions addressed to him, which he refused to answer on the grounds that they were "rhetorical, defamatory, and discrediting". Asking for €1 million in damages, the lawsuit also cited a 6 August 2009 article in which the paper described him as blackmailable, and was not limited to Italy, as his lawyer sued British, French, and Spanish outlets for publishing news about his personal life. In turn, the then opposition led by the Democratic Party asked Berlusconi to sue all of them. Mauro, one of the authors of the contested articles, commented: "Unable to answer, except with a lie, Silvio Berlusconi has decided to bring the ten questions of [la] Repubblica to court, thus covering up – at least in Italy – the public shame of private behavior which is at the centre of an international scandal and persecutes him politically. It is the first time, in the memory of a free country, that a politician sues the questions that are addressed to him."

In September 2011, Rome's civil court rejected Berlusconi's damage claims on the grounds that the ten questions "constitute the legitimate exercise of the right to criticize and lawful manifestation of the freedom of thought and opinion guaranteed by Article 21 of the Constitution". Berlusconi had insulted the paper's journalists and invited industrialists to boycott advertising in la Repubblica. The paper described it as an "unprecedented case of a political leader denouncing questions because he cannot answer". The sentence judged the ten questions to be "founded on a solid core of truthfulness ... civil and correct". The sentence concluded that "in a democratic country it is the right and duty of the press to ask those who hold political and government offices to account and explain their behavior" so that citizens can judge the public figure "not only on the carried out, but also with reference to its ethical heritage and the consistency of its behaviour".

Following the purchase of GEDI group by John Elkann, Carlo Verdelli was removed from his post as editor and replaced by Maurizio Molinari in April 2020. Maurizio Scanavino was put at the executive role, among other changes of roles. The appointment of Molinari and the role of Elkann were criticized, and led to several journalists to resign, and the paper's former editor Carlo De Benedetti to found the Domani newspaper. Under Molinari, la Repubblica underwent several and significant changes, particularly on digital. In November 2021, both la Repubblica and La Stampa, which is also owned by Elkann's group, underwent readership losses despite Elkann's ambition plans to turn around the paper's deficits. In July 2022, Scalfari died.

In July 2023, there was a classist controversy about an article written for the paper by Elkann's father, Alain Elkann, who compared the behavior of young people in a travel to that of Landsknecht. Further controversy was caused by the young Elkann's article for La Stampa. Molinari refused to publish a letter in which the paper's journalists distanced themselves from the elder Elkann but said that he understood their reasoning.

Political position
The newspaper was founded as a left-wing, reformist, and secularist paper. The newspaper played a role in the evolution of Europeanism and the Italian political left from 1984 to 1992. It held a critical line towards the former prime minister Silvio Berlusconi, especially criticizing his conflict of interest as both an entrepreneur and politician. Scalfari criticized Berlusconi's television channels and urged an investigation into the origins of his fortune. The paper also used to be known for its critical stand vis-à-vis the Catholic Church, a position that changed after the onset of the papacy of Pope Francis,  who remembered Scalfari upon his death as a "laical friend". In 2004, Angelo Agostini (1959–2014) categorized it as the agenda daily (quotidiano-agenda), in contrast to the institution daily (quotidiano-istituzione) like Corriere della Sera and La Stampa, and the activist daily (quotidiano-attivista) like Il Foglio, Libero, and l'Unità. Compared to one of its competitors, Corriere della Sera, a representative of the moderate bourgeoisie, la Repubblica maintains a centre-left, progressive orientation.

After the acquisition of the paper by John Elkann in April 2020, Maurizio Molinari was appointed as the new paper's editor, in a move that saw several changes of position that were criticized, and that saw Molinari of La Stampa, which is also owned by Elkann's GEDI group, replacing Carlo Verdelli. Scalfari warned the paper not to move away from its liberal-socialist positions, which he described thusly: "I have always believed in a liberal socialism, capable of uniting equality and reformism ... at the forefront in guiding the country and Europe in this direction." Critics described the Molinari appointment as the de-Scalfarization of the paper. This prompted journalists like Enrico Deaglio, Pino Corrias, and Gad Lerner to end their cooperation with the paper. Carlo De Benedetti, a former editor of the paper, also protested the decision to appoint Molinari as the paper's editor. In May 2020, De Benedetti announced the foundation of a new newspaper called Domani.

Under Molinari, the paper took a moderate line. In his first editorial published on 25 April 2020, Molinari indicated the way to enhance both the paper and online versions of the paper, which was suffering losses in readership. He proclaimed the need to fight populism and the old and new inequalities caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In July 2020, he said: "We claim to address the crucial issues of this time. No longer dividing the world into the old right–left categories, but debating the environment, social inequalities, digital rights. [la] Repubblica is the gymnasium of ideas where it is possible to address these topics. It must do so by hosting multiple opinions, even if they are conflicting." Into the 2022 Italian general election, the paper under Molinari was opposed to Giorgia Meloni's politics. Elkann asked Molinari to moderate the paper's anti-Melonism to keep in line with the Agnelli family's tradition of supporting the Italian government, whether from the political left or right; Meloni's party and coalition were widely seen as the favourite to lead the next Italian government. He referenced a quote from his grandfather, Gianni Agnelli, who used to say: "We are governmental and institutional by definition."

Supplements and features

 * Affari & Finanza
 * Metropoli
 * R7
 * Viaggi (online only)
 * Il Venerdì di Repubblica
 * Robinson
 * D – la Repubblica delle donne
 * L'Espresso
 * Il Lavoro, formerly a Genoese socialist newspaper, nowadays a feature published only in the local Ligurian edition

Since 2004, the newspaper has published The New York Times International Weekly on Mondays. This English-language supplement features articles selected from The New York Times and can be downloaded free of charge from la Repubblica's website.

Editors

 * 1976–1996: Eugenio Scalfari
 * 1996–2016: Ezio Mauro
 * 2016–2019: Mario Calabresi
 * 2019–2020: Carlo Verdelli
 * 2020–present: Maurizio Molinari

Journalists

 * Natalia Aspesi
 * Emanuela Audisio
 * Corrado Augias
 * Glauco Benigni
 * Edmondo Berselli
 * Giorgio Bocca
 * Tito Boeri
 * Attilio Bolzoni
 * Carlo Bonini
 * Raimondo Bultrini
 * Mario Calabresi
 * Filippo Ceccarelli
 * Pietro Citati
 * Pino Corrias
 * Gianni Clerici
 * Leonardo Coen
 * Franco Cordero
 * Maurizio Crosetti
 * Giuseppe D'Avanzo
 * Concita De Gregorio
 * Ilvo Diamanti
 * Khaled Fouad Allam
 * Massimo Giannini
 * Renzo Guolo
 * Alessandra Longo
 * Gad Lerner
 * Miriam Mafai
 * Curzio Maltese
 * Daniele Mastrogiacomo
 * Francesco Merlo
 * Sebastiano Messina
 * Gianni Mura
 * Joaquín Navarro-Valls
 * Marino Niola
 * Piero Ottone
 * Alessandro Penati
 * Mario Perniola
 * Carlo Petrini
 * Mario Pirani
 * Franco Quadri
 * Adriano Prosperi
 * Federico Rampini
 * Guido Rampoldi
 * Massimo Riva
 * Stefano Rodotà
 * Gabriele Romagnoli
 * Paolo Rumiz
 * Roberto Saviano
 * Eugenio Scalfari
 * Aldo Schiavone
 * Michele Serra
 * Adriano Sofri
 * Luigi Spaventa
 * Alberto Statera
 * Marco Travaglio
 * Giuseppe Turani
 * Nadia Urbinati
 * Giovanni Valentini
 * Bernardo Valli
 * Gianni Vernetti
 * Sandro Viola
 * Vittorio Zucconi

Previous editorial staff

 * Alberto Arbasino
 * Gianni Brera
 * Mario Calabresi
 * Furio Colombo
 * Concita De Gregorio
 * Giorgio Dell'Arti
 * Paolo Filo della Torre
 * Mino Fuccillo
 * Enzo Golino
 * Paolo Guzzanti
 * Giampaolo Pansa
 * Gianni Rocca
 * Enzo Siciliano
 * Tiziano Terzani

Cartoonists

 * Francesco Tullio Altan
 * Massimo Bucchi
 * Ellekappa
 * Giorgio Forattini (until 1999)

title: La Repubblica


text:
User talk:Timo Kouwenhoven

Timo Kouwenhoven 1972 information architect

Welcome
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Speedy deletion of SKYbrary
A tag has been placed on SKYbrary, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article seems to be blatant advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become an encyclopedia article. Please read the guidelines on spam as well as the Business' FAQ for more information.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the article does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that a copy be emailed to you. --Aktsu (t / c) 07:48, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of SKYbrary
A tag has been placed on SKYbrary, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G4 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be a repost of material that was previously deleted following a deletion debate, such as at articles for deletion. Under the specified criteria, where an article has substantially identical content to that of an article deleted after debate, and any changes in the content do not address the reasons for which the material was previously deleted, it may be deleted at any time.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the article does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that a copy be emailed to you. -- JediLofty Talk to meFollow me 08:41, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Loss of Separation
A tag has been placed on Loss of Separation requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be a blatant copyright infringement. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. This part is crucial: say it in your own words.

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If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. --Aktsu (t / c) 09:27, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

AfD nomination of SKYbrary
I have nominated SKYbrary, an article you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/SKYbrary&. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. -- JediLofty Talk to meFollow me 12:18, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

Skybrary links
Timo, Please be aware that what you are doing, while I'm sure it is well intentioned, seems very much like WP:LINKSPAM or at least WP:ADVERT. I'd suggest that before proceeding with any more of these links, you discuss their introduction at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Aviation and gain consensus there for their use. LeadSongDog come howl  23:13, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

Your recent edits
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Level bust
This is an automated message from CorenSearchBot. I have performed a web search with the contents of Level bust, and it appears to include a substantial copy of http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Category:Level_Bust. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions will be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. See our copyright policy for further details. (If you own the copyright to the previously published content and wish to donate it, see Donating copyrighted materials for the procedure.)

This message was placed automatically, and it is possible that the bot is confused and found similarity where none actually exists. If that is the case, you can remove the tag from the article and it would be appreciated if you could drop a note on the maintainer's talk page. CorenSearchBot (talk) 01:14, 23 March 2010 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for File:Scale problem jan 2010.gif
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:Scale problem jan 2010.gif. I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the file description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

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File:SKYbrary_Logo.jpg
You've listed this file as for non-commercial use only. Wikipedia does not use files under any non-commercial use licenses. You either need to clarify the licensing of the file or it will be deleted.--v/r - TP 16:38, 29 December 2011 (UTC)

Decwmber 2011
Hello Timo Kouwenhoven. We welcome your contributions to Wikipedia, but if you are affiliated with some of the people, places or things you have written about on Wikipedia, you may have a conflict of interest or close connection to the subject.

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Please familiarize yourself with relevant content policies and guidelines, especially those pertaining to neutral point of view, verifiability of information, and autobiographies.

For information on how to contribute to Wikipedia when you have a conflict of interest, please see our frequently asked questions for organizations. Thank you. JamesBWatson (talk) 20:05, 29 December 2011 (UTC)

Inappropriate external links
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to the encyclopedia, one or more of the external links you added to the page Global Positioning System do not comply with our guidelines for external links and have been removed. Wikipedia is not a collection of links; nor should it be used as a platform for advertising or promotion, and doing so is contrary to the goals of this project. Because Wikipedia uses nofollow tags, external links do not alter search engine rankings. If you feel the link should be added to the article, please discuss it on the article's talk page before reinserting it. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. - DVdm (talk) 11:48, 22 March 2012 (UTC)

Note_1 - I have removed 11 other instances of this link which you added today. Cheers - DVdm (talk) 11:53, 22 March 2012 (UTC)

Note_2 - Please have a look at the policy at wp:ELNO Item 12: "Links to open wikis, except those with a substantial history of stability and a substantial number of editors." I think this Wiki satifies this condition. - DVdm (talk) 12:26, 22 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Navipedia is not an open wiki. Content is written by selected GNSS experts from ESA and several Universities. Only talkpages are open. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Timo Kouwenhoven (talk • contribs)

 * Please sign your talk page messages with four tildes ( ~ ). Thanks.
 * In that case it might be a much better idea to put some of the content into the article and use the link as a web source through the template — provided of course that the source is indeed really reliable as in wp:RS. - DVdm (talk) 13:02, 22 March 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:01, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Semantic technology

The article Semantic technology has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern:
 * Ill-referenced unencyclopedic essay

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Nomination of Semantic technology for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Semantic technology is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Semantic technology until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. David Gerard (talk) 07:37, 18 August 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Timo Kouwenhoven


text: Category:History of Shropshire

title: Category:History of Shropshire