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University of California Botanical Garden

The University of California Botanical Garden is a 34-acre (13.7 ha) botanical garden located on the University of California, Berkeley campus, in Strawberry Canyon. The garden is in the Berkeley Hills, inside the city boundary of Oakland, with views overlooking the San Francisco Bay. It is one of the most diverse plant collections in the United States, and famous for its large number of rare and endangered species.

History
Development

The garden is situated on the land of the Chochenyo speaking Ohlone people called xučyun (Huichin). In the 1870s, a few years after the founding of the University of California, Berkeley, Dr. Eugene W. Hilgard, the university's first Dean of Agriculture, established a garden of plants on the land which is now Moffit Library.

The University of California Botanical Garden was initially established in 1890 near Haviland Hall on the north side of campus by E.L. Greene, the first chairman of the Department of Botany, to preserve the trees, shrubs, and plants native to the Pacific Coast. Modeled after the famous Crystal Palace in London, the garden's first formal glasshouse-style conservatory was built in 1894 by Lord and Burnham for US$16,000 and housed palm trees and other tropical plants but was later demolished in 1924 to make space for more parking and the construction of Haviland Hall. The garden grew to house six hundred different plant species within the first two years.

In 1909, Strawberry Canyon was purchased by the university and in 1925, the garden was relocated to its current residence in Strawberry Canyon under the directorship of Thomas Harper Goodspeed, the university's Dean of Agriculture, where he stated “the eastward moving air draft from the Golden Gate … with consequent moderating influences on summer temperature and humidity, permit an association of plants, birds, and mammals not duplicated elsewhere in middle western California.” Goodspeed and J.W. Gregg, a professor in the Department of Landscape Design, are credited to have supervised the construction of the garden and its layout in Strawberry Canyon.

In 1932, James West established a rock garden in a collection now known as the "Deserts of the Americas" collection. From October 5, 1933, to May 31, 1934, over 200 young men, as a part of the Civilian Conservation Corps Company 751, built road and dam infrastructure, which aided in many of the garden's future projects. Goodspeed became the official Director of the garden in 1934 and remained the Director until 1957, where he led efforts to cultivate tobacco (Nicotiana), the Rhododendron Dell, the New World Desert collection, and the California Redwood Grove (now Stephen J. Mather Redwood Grove). Expeditions to China, the Andes, Southern Africa, Bolivia, Peru, Mesoamerica, Australia, New Zealand were conducted by Berkeley researchers and paleontologists to expand the garden's collections.

In 1976, The Friends of the Botanical Garden was established to aid with fundraising, volunteering, and public outreach in efforts to support the garden. The group was later dissolved in 1997 but an active group of 250 volunteers continue to aid in similar efforts today.

In 2015, the garden celebrated its 125th anniversary with the renovation of the Redwood Amphitheater located in the garden.

Recent History

After the Golden Gate Exhibition on Treasure Island closed in 1939, the Japanese exhibit was donated to the garden and relocated to Strawberry Canyon from San Francisco. For decades, two newt species, California newt (Taricha torosa) and rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa), have lived and laid eggs in the Japanese Pool, an 80-year-old pond.

In early 2023, leaks in the pond were threatening the existence of newts since newts would get lodged into the pond's cracks as water drained and attempt to get freed but eventually drown. In a statement, UC Botanical Garden Director Lewis Feldman said "[newts are] part of the diversity of nature,” and “their disappearance will probably impact on the garden in ways that we probably now can’t understand.” In summer 2023, the garden successfully raised US$150,000 to empty the pond, seal the cracks, plug the sinkholes, and resurface the basin of the pond.

Collections
The garden has more than 20,000 accessions, representing 324 plant families, 12,000 different species and subspecies, and 2,885 genera. Outdoor collections are, in general, arranged geographically and nearly all specimens were collected in the wild.

The major family collections include: cactus (2,669 plants), lily (1,193 plants), sunflower (1,151 plants), erica (897 plants), and orchid (950 plants). Other families include about 500 types of ferns and fern allies, Chinese medicinal herbs, plants of economic importance, old rose cultivars, and California native plants. Sets of greenhouses contain succulents, epiphytes, ferns, carnivorous plants, and tropicals.

Geographic layout
The garden collections are geographically organized, and include: – featuring South African plants, including: lilies, Proteas, ice plants, Aloes, and Encephalartos. — featuring a Rhododendron collection (259 taxa, 397 accessions), including many mature trees. (Rhododendrons too tender for most North American climates.)) Also present are specimens of the redwood family, including the original dawn redwoods (Metasequoia), and dozens of unusual shrubs, vines, and herbaceous species recently collected from China. – plants from Australia and New Zealand; with southern beeches, banksias, myrtles such as eucalyptus, cycads, and phormiums. – over 4,000 accessions, including nearly one-half of the state's native vascular plant species and 174 taxa on the California Native Plant Society's list of rare and endangered species –Prominent genera are: manzanitas (Arctostaphylos spp.) with 81 taxa (252 accessions), California-Lilacs (Ceanothus spp.) with 55 taxa (164 accessions), and an almost complete collection of California bulbous monocots in the Lily and Amaryllis families (Fritillaria, Calochortus, Lilium, Erythronium, Allium, Brodiaea) with 118 taxa (234 accessions) – selections from the pharmacopeia of modern China. – exhibits flora from the region's countries, including: Morocco, Spain, Portugal, the Canary Islands, Turkey, and Syria, on a hillside with views across the San Francisco Bay.
 * South Africa
 * Asia
 * Australasia
 * California Native
 * Chinese Medicinal Herb Garden
 * Mediterranean
 * Deserts of the Americas

– bristles with cacti and other succulents from North and Central America, plus the high deserts of the Andes. – includes deciduous trees such as tulip tree (Liriodendron), bald cypress (Taxodium), and dogwoods (Cornus). – shows the diversity of Central American habitats with genera found in both mountain and desert areas such as Agaves, oaks (Quercus), pines, and a range of brightly flowered Salvias. – with a grove of monkey puzzle trees (Araucaria araucana), a collection of fuchsias, and several species of southern beech. The garden also has a selection of cultivars of Lapageria.
 * Eastern North America
 * Meso American
 * South America

The garden's greenhouses include: Asian Plant Collection
 * Greenhouses
 * the Arid House, presenting seasonal exhibits of cacti and succulents.
 * the fern and carnivorous plants house display diverse ferns and unusual insect-eating plants.
 * the tropical house (currently being renovated) features tropical plants of economic value, and many curiosities such as the giant corpse lily Amorphophallus.

The UC Botanical Garden is home to the renowned Asian plant collection—a repository of some of the world's rarest and most precious flora. This botanical gem, however, was damaged by a colossal redwood tree's toppling during a powerful storm. Along with the Asian section “the top half of the garden’s only Parana pine tree, a critically endangered species from Brazil [,] a prized eucalyptus from Australia’s Queensland region and a gum-leaf cone bush from Southern Africa” were also damaged. In response, a team of experts swiftly converged on the site, located high in the hills above the UC Berkeley campus, with the urgent mission of rescuing and rehabilitating the battered plants to salvage what could be preserved. This effort was motivated by the exceptional difficulty in replacing these specimens, as many were originally sourced from the wild, making their preservation crucial.

The UC Botanical Garden's Asian collection stands as both a unique botanical resource and a site of serene beauty. It holds historic significance, with its origins dating back to the early 1900s when plants were gathered from expeditions to western China and Tibet by explorers like George Forrest and Joseph Rock. What distinguishes this garden is its comprehensive documentation of each plant's provenance, contributing to its scientific value. In addition to the Asian section, several other Bay Area botanical gardens also experienced losses from the same devastating storm, highlighting the vulnerability of these curated collections to the unpredictable forces of nature.

The arduous process of recovery involves the removal of debris to access damaged plant beds and then careful assessment and restoration work. Notably, the fate of these plants is uncertain, as they may not exhibit immediate signs of distress, and recovery is an ongoing process. Some plants are pruned for rehabilitation, while others are transported back to the garden's nursery, where cuttings are cultivated to create a new generation of the lost plant s.


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Sedgefield (UK Parliament constituency)

Sedgefield was a constituency in County Durham represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 2019 until its abolition for the 2024 general election by Paul Howell of the Conservative Party.

Under the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished. Subject to major boundary changes, though retaining the town of Sedgefield, the constituency was reformed as Newton Aycliffe and Spennymoor to reflect the two largest communities in the revised seat.

1918–1974
Sedgefield was first created under the Representation of the People Act 1918 for the 1918 general election, comprising primarily southern parts of the abolished South Eastern Division of Durham, including the communities of Segefield and Billingham. It also included parts of the former Mid Durham seat (Ferryhill) and a small area transferred from Bishop Auckland (Chilton).

It was abolished for the February 1974 general election, when its contents were distributed to the neighbouring seats of Bishop Auckland (Darlington RD), Durham (Sedgefield RD), Easington (Stockton RD) and Teesside, Stockton (Billingham UD).

1983–present
The constituency was recreated at the next redistribution, which came into effect at the 1983 general election, with similar boundaries, but excluding Billingham and Newton Aycliffe and including Spennymoor.

1918–1950

 * The Rural Districts of Darlington, Hartlepool, Sedgefield, and Stockton

1950-1974

 * The Urban District of Billingham; and
 * the Rural Districts of Darlington, Sedgefield and Stockton.

Minor changes - the Rural District of Stockton had been altered, absorbing the Rural District of Hartlepool, but losing Billingham to a new urban district.

From 1955, the boundaries of the Rural Districts of Darlington, Sedgefield and Stockton were altered in line with changes to local authority boundaries.

1983–1997

 * The District of Sedgefield wards of Bishop Middleham, Broom, Chilton, Cornforth, Ferryhill, Fishburn, Low Spennymoor and Tudhoe Grange, Middlestone, New Trimdon and Trimdon Grange, Old Trimdon, Sedgefield, Spennymoor, and Tudhoe;
 * the District of Easington wards of Deaf Hill, Hutton Henry, Thornley, Wheatley Hill, and Wingate; and
 * the Borough of Darlington wards of Heighington, Hurworth, Middleton St George, Sadberge, and Whessoe.

Spennymoor and Tudhoe transferred from North West Durham; remainder of District of Sedgefield wards from Durham; District of Easington wards from Easington; and Borough of Darlington wards from Bishop Auckland.

1997–2010

 * The District of Sedgefield wards of Bishop Middleham, Broom, Chilton, Cornforth, Ferryhill, Fishburn, Middridge, Neville, New Trimdon and Trimdon Grange, Old Trimdon, Sedgefield, Shafto, Simpasture, West, and Woodham;
 * the District of Easington wards of Deaf Hill, Hutton Henry, Thornley, Wheatley Hill, and Wingate; and
 * the Borough of Darlington wards of Heighington, Hurworth, Middleton St George, Sadberge, and Whessoe.

Newton Aycliffe transferred in from Bishop Auckland in exchange for Spennymoor and Tudhoe.

2010–2024

 * The Borough of Sedgefield wards of Bishop Middleham and Cornforth, Broom, Chilton, Ferryhill, Fishburn and Old Trimdon, Greenfield Middridge, Neville and Simpasture, New Trimdon and Trimdon Grange, Sedgefield, Shafto St Mary's, West, and Woodham;
 * the District of Easington wards of Thornley and Wheatley Hill, and Wingate; and
 * the Borough of Darlington wards of Heighington and Coniscliffe, Hurworth, Middleton St George, Sadberge, and Whessoe.

Minor changes only to reflect redrawing of local authority ward boundaries.

In the 2009 structural changes to local government in England, the local authority districts in Durham were abolished and replaced with a single unitary authority; however, this did affected the boundaries of the constituency.

Constituency changes
The 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies recommended that all wards in the Borough of Darlington should be removed from the seat, with Shildon moving in from Bishop Auckland and Coxhoe from City of Durham. The reconfigured seat would be renamed "Newton Aycliffe and Sedgefield".

Political history
From its recreation in 1983 until 27 June 2007, the Member of Parliament was Tony Blair, who led a successful campaign for his party to win the 1997 general election in a landslide and thereafter served for ten years as prime minister, leading the campaigns at two subsequent general elections. Blair was the first Prime Minister to lead the Labour Party to three consecutive victories. He resigned as the Member of Parliament for Sedgefield on the same day as he resigned as prime minister, which triggered a by-election.

At the by-election on 19 July 2007, the official Labour Party candidate Phil Wilson was elected on a reduced majority which in national terms is safe instead of marginal. While Wilson had never came close to the enormous majorities held by Blair during his tenure as MP and only secured an absolute majority of the vote for the first time at the 2017 general election, he consistently had majorities of over 6,000 votes in every election at which he had stood.

At the 2019 election, the Conservatives' candidate Paul Howell defeated Wilson with a majority of 4,513 and a swing of 12.8%. Sedgefield was one of the net gain of 48 seats in England by the Conservatives, as well as being considered part of the so-called "Red Wall".

Constituency profile
Sedgefield has a long mining history (extracting coal, fluorspar and iron ore) and once had a very strong affiliation to the Labour Party, with nearly monolithic support in parts of the constituency. The area contains a mixture of former coal country in the area around Trimdon and more industrial areas around the new town of Newton Aycliffe. The construction of a new Hitachi factory created 730 jobs in the town. There are also more prosperous parts of the constituency that form the bulk of the Conservative vote – for example, the ancient market town of Sedgefield itself, with a charter dating back to 1312. The outer suburbs of Darlington are also relatively wealthy, as well as Hurworth-on-Tees, where unemployment stands at just 1.0%.

The constituency consists of Census Output Areas of two local government districts with similar characteristics: a working population whose average income is lower than the national average and close-to-average reliance upon social housing. At the end of 2012 the unemployment rate in the constituency stood as 5.0% of the population claiming Jobseekers' Allowance, compared to the regional average of 5.5%.
 * In statistics

The local authority contributing to the bulk of the seat has a middling 27.2% of its population without a car, a high 27.5% of the population without qualifications and a medium 21.5% with level 4 qualifications or above. Darlington has 28% of its population without a car, 24.8% of the population without qualifications and a medium 23.7% with level 4 qualifications or above.

In terms of tenure 65.8% of County Durham homes and 64.9% of Darlington homes are owned outright or on a mortgage as at the 2011 census.

Elections in the 1980s

Elections in the 1990s

Elections in the 2000s

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sedgefield (UK Parliament constituency)


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Remains

Remains or The Remains may refer to:

Music

 * The Remains (band), a 1960s American rock band
 * The Ramainz, originally The Remains, a Ramones tribute band

Albums

 * Remains (Alkaline Trio album), 2007
 * Remains (Annihilator album), 1997
 * Remains (The Only Ones album), 1984
 * Remains (Steve Lacy album) or the title song, 1992
 * The Remains (album), by the Remains, 1966
 * Remains, by Bella Morte, 1997

Songs

 * "Remains" (song), by Maurissa Tancharoen and Jed Whedon, 2009
 * "Remains", by Charlotte Church from Three, 2013
 * "Remains", by Zola Jesus from Okovi, 2017

Other uses

 * Remains (comics), a 2004 comic book series by Steve Niles and Kieron Dwyer
 * Remains (film), a 2011 American horror film based on the comic book series
 * The Remains (film), a 2016 American horror film

title: Remains


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Talk:James Weldon Johnson

Johnson's pivotal role in the NAACP
I've added the following information to the article on the NAACP. I don't have time to rewrite it for this piece on JWJ, but it definitely should be reworked slightly and added to this article.

"In 1916, when the NAACP was just seven years old, chairman Joel Spingarn invited James Weldon Johnson to serve as field secretary. Johnson was a former U.S. consul to Venezuela and a noted scholar and columnist. Within four years, Johnson was instrumental in increasing the NAACP's membership from 9,000 to almost 90,000. In 1920, Johnson was elected head of the organization. Over the next ten years under his leadership, the increasingly NAACP would escalate its lobbying and litigation efforts, becoming internationally known for its advocacy of equal rights and equal protection for the 'American Negro.'" deeceevoice 11:52, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Disambiguation
The 1991 science fiction comedy novel ["A World Lost"] is by James Weldon Johnson. Of course he's not _this_ James Weldon Johnson! Amazon.com and many other book sites have the author this Wikipedia article is about linked to the author of the SF novel.

I don't know if the JWJ who wrote the SF book has written anything else. I keep getting hits on the NAACP's JWJ.

 * I e-mailed DAW books and exactly one year and 4 days later (August 11, 2006 to August 15, 2007) they replied... "He also wrote TREKMASTER, HABU and MINDHOPPER. However, these weren't comedies."
 * Update, I found a couple of cover images of his other books, showing the author as James B. Johnson, yet my copy of "A World Lost" has James Weldon Johnson on it. I finally found this site http://scifan.com/writers/jj/JohnsonBJames.asp which lists one more book, "Daystar and Shadow" I'm wondering if my copy of "A World Lost" is some bizarre printer's error? However, it'd have to be an error going far beyond that due to all the sites listing James B. (or Weldon) Johnson's books as being written by the man who died six years before the SF author was born.

Harvard / racist remarks
The end of the introductory paragraph read until now: "Latter on taught at Harvard University and was then fired for his racist comments." Apart from the faulty spelling etc. I could find no source saying anything about him teaching at Harvard, nor about any kind of scandal involving racist remarks he made. I've thus deleted the passage. Should anyone have different information, please incorporate it into the article - quoting your sources. --Albrecht Conz 21:16, 23 April 2007 pizza

 * Your information is correct. Johnson never taught at Harvard and there is no indication that he ever was involved in a scandal over racist comments. --DriveThru210 5 July 2013

Issues with the "Heather McKee" story
This entry describes James Weldon Johnson as having had two wives:

Under "Life"

 * In 1910, Johnson married Grace Nail while he was a United States Consul in Nicaragua. They had met several years earlier in New York when Johnson was working as a songwriter. A cultured and well-educated New Yorker, Grace Nail Johnson became an accomplished artist in pastels and collaborated with her husband on a screenwriting project.

That sounds in keeping with the character of the man and his life. However, this paragraph, at the end of "Education and Law," does not:

 * Enjoying unusual success as a songwriter for Broadway shows, Johnson moved easily in the upper echelons of African American society in Brooklyn, New York where he met his future wife, Heather McKee. Heather was a very poor woman who lived in Naples, but James Weldon Johnson loved her no matter what. But, after a few years of marriage, they divorced due to the dating of Heather. Johnson figured out that Heather had been dating three other men while they had been married for four years. After hearing this he immediately went to court and declared a divorce with Heather McKee.

The paragraph is poorly written, and has nothing to do with "Education" or "Law." It appears to have been tacked onto a passage about his teaching at Fisk University in Nashville (which occurred toward the end of his life); then, suddenly, we're taken back to New York, for this undated episode with Ms. McKee in Brooklyn. (Is "Naples" a neighborhood in Brooklyn? Naples, NY, is in western New York state, south of Rochester.)

Can anyone help resolve this? Is the McKee story true, and if it is, when did it occur? We can infer that it was when JWJ was in New York with his brother, prior to his marriage to Grace Nail, but there are no dates included.

(Since JWJ moved to New York for his songwriting career at the end of the 1890s, and JWJ and Grace Nail "met several years [before 1910] in New York when Johnson was working as a songwriter," the McKee marriage would have had to have happened not too long before his marriage to Grace Nail.)

It appears someone recently added a version of this story to a place in the entry that makes more sense chronologically (and in which "Naples" might mean Naples, Fla.), but without mentioning the NYC connection; "Spanglej" deleted it and restored that passage to its original condition:

Revision as of 18:27, 13 February 2012; Revision as of 21:10, 13 February 2012 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Weldon_Johnson&diff=next&oldid=476688421

These biographies of Johnson at the U. South Carolina and U. Illinois' Web sites both mention Grace Nail Johnson, but make no mention of McKee:

James Weldon Johnson, 1871-1938 http://library.sc.edu/spcoll/amlit/johnson/johnson1.html

James Weldon Johnson's Life and Career http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/g_l/johnson/life.htm

The citation given for the McKee story is "The Norton Anthology of African American Literature, edited by Henry Louis Gates Jr. and Nellie Y. McKay, New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 2004 (Second Edition), p.791-792."

I am not a JWJ scholar, but the poor writing quality of the passage in question, the way it was tacked on to "Education and Law," and the fact that I can't find any Web-based mention of the Heather McKee story (other than quotations from this Wikipedia entry), lead me to believe that the story is unsubstantiated and the passage should be removed.

If it is true, it should be re-written and moved to a better place (in terms of context and chronology) in the entry.

Fmjohnson (talk) 15:52, 2 March 2012 (UTC)

 * This was some vandalism from Nov 2011, missed but now reverted. Span (talk) 17:00, 5 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Grace was Johnson's first and only wife. No idea where the Heather McKee story comes from, and it's certainly not in the Norton Anthology. --DriveThru210 5 July 2013

If Mr. Johnson were alive to read this article...
I wonder how he'd react. He was a writer and scholar, so he'd recognize the article as a hodge-podge, a semi-cohert thrown-together mess. Since he was a successful teacher, and by the appearance of his face, he was probably a kindly, patient man. So he wouldn't rant and rave about what a mess this is. Could someone whose knowledgeable PLEASE clean up this mess, and fill in the gaps in the story so that the article tells a coherent story? Thanks in advance. Tapered (talk) 04:32, 15 September 2012 (UTC)

 * I proofread the page, deleted irrelevant and redundant information, rewrote the Literary Works section, and cleaned up the references and works cited. --DriveThru210 5 July 2013

 * Have also edited to add more of the major sections of his life, so we know where he was when. Need to add more on work at and of NAACP during this period.Parkwells (talk) 16:11, 15 January 2014 (UTC)

James Weldon Johnson project of the black history
James Weldon Johnson was born in Jacksonville Fl,June17,1871. He married a girl name Grace Nail. Grace Nail Johnson later collaborated with her husband on a screenwritting project. He wrote his own poetry and supported work by others,also compilling and publishing antholigies of spirituals and poetry. During this period,the NAACP was mounting legal challenges to southern states disfranchisement of African Americans. Johnson also read the law to prepare for the bar. Johnson's first success as a Broadway songwritter,Johnson moved in the upper echelons of African American. It was not until 1927 that Johnson acknowknowledged writting endanger the novel,steressing that is not a work of autobiography but mostly. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.70.224.234 (talk) 00:07, 31 January 2014 (UTC)

Death
Is there a reason that his death in an automobile accident is omitted from the article? In his wifes' article it is stated that she sustained grave injuries and that she was driving. Also the fact that he was interred (and where) with his wife could be added to the article IMHO. For the record: Johnson died in a car accident in Wiscasset, Maine, on June 26, 1938, at the age of 67. More than 2,000 people attended his funeral in Harlem.

clarification needed
The section on "Literary Writing" states, "God's Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons in Verse (1927) is considered most important." Does this mean "his most important book of poetry" or "very important"?Maurice Magnus (talk) 23:45, 10 November 2021 (UTC)

 * What did he right 2600:1006:B14A:1E94:1D50:E39E:EE12:3205 (talk) 18:13, 30 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:James Weldon Johnson


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User:Jondor

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title: User:Jondor


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List of mayors of St. Thomas, Ontario

This is a list of reeves and mayors of St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada. St. Thomas was incorporated as a village in 1852, as a town in 1861, and as a city in 1881.

Village reeves

 * 1852–1855 — David Parish
 * 1856–1856 — Edward Ermatinger
 * 1857–1857 — Asa Howard
 * 1858–1858 — Thomas Arkell
 * 1859–1859 — Archibald McIntyre
 * 1860–1860 — Dr. George Southwick

Town reeve

 * 1861–1861 — Archilbald McInytre

Town mayors

 * 1861–1861 — M.T.Moore
 * 1862–1864 — Dr. George Southwick
 * 1865–1871 — Thomas Arkell
 * 1872–1872 — Archibald McLachlin
 * 1873–1876 — Daniel Drake
 * 1877–1878 — Dr. D. McLarty
 * 1879–1880 — John E Smith

1881–1900

 * 1881–1882 — Dr. William C. VanBuskirk St-Thomas-Mayors-1.jpg
 * 1883–1883 — Dr. Eliphalet Wilbur Gustin
 * 1884–1885 — Edward Horton
 * 1886–1886 — John E. Smith
 * 1887–1888 — John Midgley
 * 1889–1890 — Israel Morse
 * 1891–1892 — Robert McCully
 * 1893–1894 — George L. Oill
 * 1895–1896 — William E. Idsardi
 * 1897–1898 — Frederick W. Wright
 * 1899–1900 — Patrick Meehan

1901–1950

 * 1901–1902 — Sperrin Chant
 * 1903–1904 — Charles Francis Maxwell
 * 1905–1905 — Thomas Meek
 * 1906–1907 — Calvin Lawrence
 * 1908–1909 — George Geddes
 * 1910–1911 — Dr. Frederick Guest
 * 1912–1913 — Robert N. Price
 * 1914–1915 — Marshall B. Johnson
 * 1916–1917 — William Trott
 * 1918–1919 — Edward A. Horton
 * 1920–1921 — Frank L. Brinkman
 * 1922–1923 — Charles E. Raven
 * 1924–1925 — George H. Sloggett
 * 1926–1927 — John Handford
 * 1928–1929 — William Stokes
 * 1930–1933 — John A. Jagoe
 * 1934–1935 — Angus W. Johnson
 * 1936–1938 — Ernest Duckworth
 * 1939–1940 — Peter Laing, Jr.
 * 1941–1943 — George T. Dyer
 * 1944–1945 — Thomas H. Currah
 * 1946–1946 — Richard A. Sanders
 * 1947–1949 — J. Bruce Caldwell
 * 1950–1950 — Major John F. Peterson

1951–present

 * 1951–1951 — Dr. E. Cecil Gliddon
 * 1952–1954 — Thomas H. Currah
 * 1955–1956 — Peter Laing
 * 1957–1958 — John M. Stirling St-Thomas-Mayors-2.jpg
 * 1959–1964 — Vincent A. Barrie
 * 1965–1966 — Donald R. Stokes
 * 1967–1968 — Vincent A. Barrie
 * 1969–1971 — Edward O. Fanjoy
 * 1972–1974 — Eber J. Rice
 * 1975–1976 — M. Wayne Neal
 * 1977–1978 — Cliff Barwick
 * 1978–1980 — Don Hitch
 * 1980–1985 — Doug Tarry
 * 1985–1991 — Janet Golding
 * 1991–1999 — Stephen J. Peters
 * 1999–2000 — Joanne Brooks
 * 2000–2003 — Peter Ostojic
 * 2003–2006 — Jeff Kohler
 * 2006–2010 — Cliff Barwick
 * 2010-2018 — Heather Jackson
 * 2018-present — Joe Preston

title: List of mayors of St. Thomas, Ontario


text: User talk:Jondor

title: User talk:Jondor


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Talk:Colin Greenwood

Article Expansion
I have posted an extensive expansion of this article. For the most part, previous entries remain pretty much untouched, although they may have been moved for clarity within the new outline. For example, in the case of the Trivia section, I folded it into a new Contributions to the Band's Sound subsection and added references and an additional quote (I have removed the Trivia tag). The only item I removed altogether was the Gallaghers quote, which has been replaced with cited quotes that give a sense of the Greenwood brothers' relationship without referring to 90s era music rag gossip about another band. There is room for expansion, particularly in the gear section. Please review. I am looking for a photo to add to the infobox. Arveigh 19:07, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

Picture
No picture for Colin? Hmm, if I knew enough about Wikipedia to be able to put one up, I would, but... (unsigned)

see my notes above. Arveigh 19:09, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

A photo by Jesse Aaron Safir has been added with his permission. Arveigh 22:06, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks a lot- great photo. Staecker 01:44, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

NPOV
I added the NPOV tag for fairly obvious reasons: the comments about his friendliness and sense of humour are a case in point. Unfortunatly I know nothing about the guy, aside from the fact he is in Radiohead, to clean this article up. Rje 11:53, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)

NPOV still?
So Rje put an NPOV tag and it just got deleted? No change to the content? Nonsense! I took out the pov stuff. Feel free to merge back any relevant content. Keep the fanboy shenanigans to yourselves, though. --Staecker 28 June 2005 16:40 (UTC)

WTF?
"Unlike the Gallaghers we beat each other up in private..." That makes no sense. --Macarion 22:03, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

Liam and Noel Gallagher of Oasis are (in)famous for arguing and sometimes even brutally fighting while cameras are rolling. It's a joke. Nigel Napalm 23:22, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

This quote strikes me as a fanish inclusion; it presumes the reader has enough knowledge of both Colin Greenwood's relationship with his brother and of the Oasis brothers reputation to get the joke. I'm looking for a more suitable quote to illustrate the relationship. Arveigh 14:23, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

I replaced this; see my notes above. Arveigh 19:09, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

What?
"when the Oxford and Cambridge colleges have their themed parties, usually in the college bars." I knew Colin at this time. I have no idea what this means. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.102.75.130 (talk) 18:18, 6 April 2019 (UTC)

Who played 'The National Anthem'?
It says that the bass line was played by Mark A Fuller, Thom Yorke's 'muse' but I looked through the interview from which it was sourced and it says nothing about Mark A Fuller. I'm pretty sure it was Thom on the recording because I've read it in several interviews. Also it says Colin plays it with a Laser Bass Harp (any idea what that is?) but all the performances I've seen of it he's always used his normal bass. Can somebody please clear this up? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.7.102.187 (talk) 11:03, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

 * A laser harp! Funny, but untrue. The bass line is Thom's according to the article quoted. I'm removing the edit. Arveigh (talk) 20:45, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

cool —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.207.92.164 (talk) 23:18, 25 February 2009 (UTC)

Wedding date?
This article says that Colin married Molly McGrann in 1998. However, in Molly's article says she married Colin in 1996. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.138.106.74 (talk) 16:21, 1 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Skidmore Scope Magazine, (Molly's alma mater; see References for the link: "Class Notes 2000". Skidmore Scope Magazine. 2000-08-01. Retrieved 2007-06-16.) says, "Molly McGrann married Colin Greenwood on Dec. 16, 1998". Arveigh (talk) 01:16, 13 June 2011 (UTC)

I heard a small rumor he was/is bi, I don't know if that is true.

Should I put it? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.215.207.254 (talk) 18:24, 19 December 2010 (UTC)

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https://bassmagazine.com/artists/colin-greenwood-how-to-disappear-completely

title: Talk:Colin Greenwood


text:
The Best of Youth

The Best of Youth (La meglio gioventù) is a 2003 Italian historial romantic drama film directed by Marco Tullio Giordana and written by Sandro Petraglia and Stefano Rulli. A family saga set in Italy from 1966 through 2003, it chronicles the life of the middle-class Carati family, focusing primarily on brothers Nicola (Luigi Lo Cascio) and Matteo (Alessio Boni) as their life paths separate during youth, encompassing major political and social events in post–World War II Italian history.

Originally conceived as a Rai television miniseries, it premiered at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Prize Un Certain Regard. It was then given a theatrical release in Italy as two 3-hour films (titled Act I and Act II), before being aired with broader success on Rai 1 in a slightly longer four-episode television version later that year. In the U.S., the film was released by Miramax in its theatrical version.

The title of the film, an ungrammatical rendition of La miglior gioventù ("the best youth/young people"), comes from the title of a 1954 Friulian language poetry collection by Pier Paolo Pasolini, who in turn borrowed it from a line of Alpini World War II song Sul ponte di Perati; here, Giordana uses it to refer to his generation, which is also the main characters' one, made up of those young people who participated in the Sessantotto.

Summer 1966
Two brothers go their separate ways after attempting to rescue a young girl, Giorgia (Jasmine Trinca), from an abusive sanitarium. The brothers are Matteo and Nicola Carati (Alessio Boni and Luigi Lo Cascio). Their parents are Angelo (Andrea Tidona) and Adriana (Adriana Asti), their older sister is Giovanna (Lidia Vitale), and their younger sister is Francesca (Valentina Carnelutti). Their friends, their lovers and others drift through, including Giorgia who struggles with mental issues, but whose life seems to follow in parallel.

Matteo walks out of his first exam, while Nicola passes an exam on his way to qualifying as a doctor (and will pursue a career in psychiatry). Matteo takes mental patients for walks to help them begin to feel normal and takes a particular interest in his patient Giorgia. Noticing that Giorgia has been wounded by electroshock therapy, he decides to remove her from the institution and take her along with him and Nicola—who are about to go on a trip to Norway.

Eventually, Giorgia is captured by the police and taken back to the asylum. Matteo, filled with sadness and depression, returns to Rome and joins the army. Nicola continues to Norway and gets a job as a lumberjack. The brothers meet again in Florence just after the 1966 Arno River flood. Here, Nicola meets a university student, Giulia (Sonia Bergamasco).

February 1968
Nicola and Giulia are living together in Turin, but the two do not marry.

1974
Matteo leaves the army and joins the police force. During this time, Matteo shows signs of continuing depression and anger. He accepts an assignment in Sicily, a place corrupted by the Mafia. Meanwhile, Nicola and Giulia conceive and care for Sara, their daughter.

1977
In Sicily, Matteo meets a photographer in a caffè named Mirella (Maya Sansa). She wants to be a librarian, and he advises her to work at a beautiful library in Rome.

Because of his temper, Matteo is forced to leave Sicily. He decides to reside in Rome but refuses to visit his mother.

Meanwhile, Nicola becomes a psychiatrist, and works to eliminate the abuse and maltreatment of patients in mental hospitals. He finds Giorgia in one of these hospitals. She is tied to a bed in inhumane conditions, does not talk, and shows fear of being touched by others. After some time, Giulia gets drawn into a secret Red Brigades cell. One night, she leaves Nicola and Sara and disappears into the terrorist underground.

1983
Years later Matteo walks into that same library and sees Mirella for the second time. They fall in love, and one evening, make love in a car. Eventually he pushes her away.

December 1983
Mirella meets with Matteo with news for him, but he behaves harshly and forces her to leave. On New Year's Eve, Matteo decides to finally visit his mother. Everyone is there to celebrate. Instead of waiting for the traditional toasts, however, Matteo decides to leave early and, at midnight, jumps off the balcony of his apartment and kills himself.

The family is devastated by the tragedy. No longer motivated, Nicola's mother quits her teaching job and lives a life in solitude in Rome. Nicola, feeling that he could have saved Matteo and not wanting to make the same mistake again, arranges for the capture of Giulia to prevent her from killing someone else or from getting killed. She is sentenced to 17 years in jail. During her jail term, Nicola visits Giulia and proposes to her but is rejected.

Spring 1992
Nicola finds a photograph of Matteo taken by Mirella. He is encouraged by Giorgia to meet with Mirella which, after some hesitation, he agrees to do. When he meets Mirella, Nicola learns about her son (Andrea) and that Matteo was the father. Nicola breaks this exciting news to his mother and they visit Mirella and the boy on the small island of Stromboli. Inspired by new meaning in her life, Nicola's mother decides to stay with Mirella and her grandson.

Spring 1995
Nicola and his friends acquire and plan the reconstruction of an old villa house in Tuscany. Giulia (out of jail) meets Francesca but chooses not to talk to Sara, watching her from afar. Meanwhile, Sara, now in her early twenties, is still struggling with the poor choices her mother has made. She decides to move to Rome to study art conservation and becomes engaged to Mimmo. During this time, Nicola finds out his mother has died and, as a result, travels to Stromboli to visit Mirella and pay his respects.

Spring 2000
Having finally moved past the death of Matteo, Nicola and Mirella fall in love. Sara, now happy and strong, is encouraged by Nicola to confront her mother and try to patch things up. Giulia, in desperate need of love, embraces Sara, but is not ready to open up completely.

2003
The film ends with Matteo's son, Andrea, visiting Norway, specifically North Cape, which is where his father and Nicola ventured to go at the beginning of the movie, but never completed their journey.

Cast

 * Luigi Lo Cascio as Nicola Carati
 * Alessio Boni as Matteo Carati
 * Jasmine Trinca as Giorgia
 * Adriana Asti as Adriana Carati
 * Sonia Bergamasco as Giulia Monfalco
 * Fabrizio Gifuni as Carlo Tommasi
 * Maya Sansa as Mirella Utano
 * Valentina Carnelutti as Francesca Carati
 * Nila Carnelutti as Francesca Carati at 8
 * Andrea Tidona as Angelo Carati
 * Lidia Vitale as Giovanna Carati
 * Claudio Gioè as Vitale Micavi
 * Paolo Bonanni as Luigino
 * Giovanni Scifoni as Berto
 * Riccardo Scamarcio as Andrea Utano
 * Francesco La Macchia as Andrea Utano at 6
 * Camilla Filippi as Sara Carati
 * Greta Cavuoti as Sara Carati at 8
 * Sara Pavoncello as Sara Carati at 5
 * Mario Schiano as medicine professor

 * Michele Melega as literature professor
 * Thérèse Vadem as Therese
 * Stefano Abbati as pusher
 * Giovanni Martorana as Maghrebi
 * Paolo De Vita as Don Vito
 * Mimmo Mignemi as Giorgia's father
 * Domenico Centamore as Officer Enzo
 * Pippo Montalbano as Police Chief in Palermo
 * Gaspare Cucinella as 'Viddanu
 * Dario Veca as butcher
 * Nicola Vigilante as nurse
 * Marcello Prayer as Second Lieutenant
 * Walter Da Pozzo as Officer Mario
 * Krum De Nicola as Brigo
 * Maurizio Di Carmine as terrorist
 * Roberto Accornero as President of the Court in Turin
 * Fabio Camilli as Tangentopoli inmate
 * Antonello Puglisi as priest in Palermo
 * Patrizia Punzo as gallery manager
 * Emilia Marra as doctor

Production
Principal photography began in March 2002, taking place mainly in Florence, Turin and Collegno in the following months. On 26 June 2002, filming moved to Stromboli, lasting three days. Filming also took place in Rome and North Cape, Norway.

Release
Originally set for a television broadcast on Rai 2, The Best of Youth was bought by Rai 1 and then indefinitely shelved from its scheduled air date of fall 2002. Set for February 2003, it was delayed again after TV spots had already aired. Freedom of expression association Articolo 21, liberi di... accused Rai 1 director Agostino Saccà and his successor Fabrizio Del Noce of making a politically charged use of public television in favor of the Berlusconi government (see Editto Bulgaro). In April, the film was selected for the Cannes Film Festival, where it had its world premiere on 20 May 2003, competing in the Un Certain Regard sidebar. Here, it received the Prize Un Certain Regard along with widespread critical acclaim, credited as having rekindled Rai's interest, who decided to give the film a theatrical release before airing it.

Due to its extensive runtime, The Best of Youth was divided in two parts for its theatrical release in Italy, premiering on 7 and 8 June 2003 at the Taormina Film Festival: the first part (Atto primo) was released by 01 Distribution on 20 June, followed by the second one (Atto secondo) on 27 June. A four-part version, with an additional 20 minutes of running time, was finally broadcast from 7 to 15 December 2003 on Rai 1 at 8:45 pm:

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 94%, with an average rating of 8.40/10, based on 63 reviews, the critic consensus says that the film "earns its 6 hours running time by telling an engrossing story with compelling characters." On Metacritic, the film has a score (using a weighted average) of 89 out of 100, indicating "universal acclaim". According to film critic Peter Bradshaw, the film falls within the tradition of several films that cover expansive times of Italian history through the story of one family, such as Rocco and His Brothers and The Leopard.

title: The Best of Youth


text:
Guðlaugur Kristinn Óttarsson

Guðlaugur Kristinn Óttarsson (born 11 December 1954) is an Icelandic musician.

Early bands
Steinblóm (Stone Flowers) (1969) was his first group. It was a trio formed by Guðlaugur (electric and acoustic guitars), Haraldur Johannessen (acoustic guitar) and Gunnar Magnússon (acoustic bass). Steinblóm played punk versions of artists such as Bob Dylan and Donovan, Guðlaugur originals and folk songs. At that time, he was experimenting with homemade electro-acoustic guitars and amplifiers. Steinblóm played gigs in Reykjavík and the suburbs.

Lótus was created while he was at Laugarvatn high school in 1972. In 1974 and 1975 and played all over Iceland in 1974 when the country celebrated its 1,100th anniversary. Lótus was basically a rock band whose members were Guðlaugur, Guðjón Sigurbjörnsson, both on electric guitars, Böðvar Helgi Sigurðsson (electric bass), Guðmann Þorvaldsson (drums) and Sigurður Ingi Pálsson (vocals). Lotus' music was in the jazz-rock style of Dave Brubeck and Guðlaugur originals, including arrangements to Mozart and Beethoven in a rock style. Lótus did not release any record, but they did some two-track recordings believed to be lost.

He joined Sextettinn (Sextet) (1977) when he was at University. He joined Sveinbjörn Baldvinsson (guitarist), Gunnar Hrafnsson (bass), Stefán Stefánsson (saxophone), Guðjón Hilmarsson (drums), and Kristín Jóhannsdóttir (vocals). The music of Sextettinn was original themes performed in several different styles from country-rock and pop-rock to pop-jazz. Sextettinn gigged throughout Iceland and had a presentation at the local TV station. Guðlaugur stayed for a short time, as his studies were taking most of his time. The remaining members of the group continued under a different name: Ljósin í Bænum, (The Lights of the City) and released an album still popular in Iceland.

Guðlaugur then joined a group called Galdrakarlar & Wilma Reading (The Wizards & Wilma Reading) (1977). This band consisted of brass, keyboards, guitars, bass and drums. The band toured Iceland and gave around 30 concerts. Wilma Reading (vocals), was the group leader. She was an Australian singer and actress with roots in Broadway and Hollywood. Their music style was mainly jazz-oriented with influences from George Gershwin, Louis Armstrong, Oscar Hammerstein II to Duke Ellington. The other members of Galdrakarlar & Wilma Reading, besides were: Birgir Einarsson (trumpet), Hlöðver Smári Haraldsson (keyboards), Hreiðar Sigurjónsson (clarinet and saxophone baritone), Pétur Hjálmarsson (electric bass), Sófus Jón Björnsson (drums) and Stefán Stefánsson (saxophone soprano and flute).

Þeyr
In January 1981, Guðlaugur joined Þorsteinn Magnússon on guitar, Hilmar Örn Agnarsson (electric bass), Magnús Guðmundsson (lead vocals) and Sigtryggur Baldursson, (drums/percussion).

By spring 1981 their first single was on the streets. It was "Life Transmission", the band's first work sung in English. By autumn they came up with Iður til Fóta, a four-track EP. Its cassette version featured "Brennu-Njálssaga", the soundtrack to the eponymous film by Friðrik Þór Friðriksson about Njál's saga. In late 1981 Þeyr released an album titled Mjötviður Mær.

In 1982, Þeyr released their last album with the title of As Above.... This work contains English versions of the group's hits. The most notable song of this record was "Killer Boogie" since it is considered as an attempt to achieve an international position. In 1982 the group performed on a concert in Reykjavík that was recorded and went out as a live concert release named Rokk í Reykjavík (Rock in Reykjavík). This concert gathered some of the important Icelandic bands including Purrkur Pillnikk and Tappi Tíkarrass. Þeyr appeared in this compilation with two songs: "Killer Boogie" and "Rúdolf". That year the group released an EP titled The Fourth Reich.

In 1982, Jaz Coleman, the singer of Killing Joke, had moved to Iceland because he feared that the end of the world was looming. He collaborated with several music bands, but above all with Þeyr, and created a group originally called Iceland, but subsequently renamed Niceland. Although this group was formed by Coleman and Þeyr's musicians, it did not include Þorsteinn Magnússon, the other guitarist. After rehearsing, Niceland was ready to record 5 songs in 1983, but two were not finished; the three recorded songs were: "Guess Again", "Catalyst" and "Take What's Mine". They have never been released officially and still remain as unpublished material.

In 1983, Þeyr released the last single: "Lunaire".

In 2001, thanks to the support of family and friends, he released a CD to commemorate Þeyr's 20th anniversary. This CD contained newly discovered mixes of Iður til Fóta y Mjötviður Mær, and was named Mjötviður til Fóta.

Kukl and the Elgar Sisters
Following Þeyr, Guðlaugur and Sigtryggur joined Einar Örn Benediktsson, the vocalist of Purrkur Pillnikk, Einar Arnaldur Melax keyboardist from Medúsa, Björk Guðmundsdóttir, vocalist of Tappi Tíkarrass and bassist Birgir Mogensen from Spilafífl when Ásmundur Jónsson from Gramm (then Iceland's most important record company) wanted to create a band with cutting-edge artists to perform for the last edition of the radio program Áfangar which had been cancelled. After composing and rehearsing for two weeks the group appeared under the name of Kukl ("Sorcery", in Medieval Icelandic).

Although Kukl's style was a type of dark gothic rock in the style of Killing Joke and innovative references to the Fall's post-punk, it was later defined by Björk as "existential jazz-punk-hardcore".

While touring Iceland, they performed with the pro-anarchy group Crass and subsequently visited the United Kingdom in a series of gigs with Flux of Pink Indians.

Their first release was the single "Söngull" in 1983, a version of "Dismembered", corresponding to their following release of The Eye, an album released in 1984. With respect to this work, Sounds magazine gave it 5 stars (excellent) for expanding the music imposed by Crass Records. With decaying metals, disrupted rock sounds and vocal inflections of "Assassin" that show the essence of this album. Other songs include "The Spire" that stands out with central phrases overlapped to background lines and the song "Anna", maker of a threatening environment.

On 14 September 1984 Kukl performed in Paris, where they recorded a cassette edited by French independent record label V.I.S.A. with the title of KUKL à Paris 14.9.84. Kukl continued with another album titled Holidays in Europe (The Naughty Nought) in 1986. It was released through Crass Records. This work is far more complex and all wind instruments were replaced by keyboards and bells. Songs like "A Mutual Thrill" are a mélange of pop and experimental post-indie music.

Þór Eldon Jónsson, the guitarist of Medúsa had been dating Björk when she became pregnant, so Kukl became an exhausting task. Einar Örn was studying in London and when he came back to Iceland in summer 1986 decided that Kukl was over and a new project should be set up in order to deal with the group's expenditures. The Sugarcubes band soon followed, ending Kukl. Guðlaugur and Birgir Mogensen were the only musicians who did not continue on the new project.

Guðlaugur and Björk created the Elgar Sisters, which coexisted with Kukl, although it lasted longer. This group released no albums, but did record 11 songs from 1984 to 1986. Guðlaugur (electric and acoustic guitarist) and composed most of the songs. Björk (vocals), composed three songs (two with Guðlaugur). The Elgar Sisters could be seen as their duo project. The other musicians were Birgir Mogensen (electric bass), Einar Melax (keyboards), Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson (HÖH) (keyboards and synthetic drums), Sigtryggur Baldursson (drums/percussion and Þorsteinn Magnússon (electric guitar). A few songs recorded by the Elgar Sisters came to light via Björks's solo career and on Guðlaugur's solo album released in late 2005.

Other music projects
Hættuleg Hljómsveit ("The Dangerous Orchestra") was a group in which he participated along Magnús Þór Jónsson (Megas), Björk, Birgir Baldursson, and Haraldur Þorsteinsson. This group, which was active from 1990-1991 was established after the release of Hættuleg hljómsveit & glæpakvendið Stella, an album by Megas in 1990. The band did many concerts in southwestern Iceland, in the outskirts of Reykjavík and later in rural areas of Northern Iceland. By this period Björk was no longer a member. Hættuleg Hljómsveit never released a record.

MÖK Trio was a group formed by bassist Tómas Magnús Tómasson (mainly known by his work in Stuðmenn), Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson and Guðlaugur. In fact, the name stemmed from the initials corresponding to the middle name of each member. Their first gig was approximately in 1992. MÖK Trio did not play regularly and they never released an album. Their last presentation was in August 2001 at Galdrahátíðin á Ströndum, Reykjavík.

INRI was a project of Magnús Jensson. Guðlaugur joined Magnús and played extensively through Iceland in irregular periods from 1993. Some tracks were recorded in 1995.

Gvdl was a group created in 2001 with Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson and bassist Georg Bjarnason for the arrival of the American band Fuck. In fact, the sequence Gvdl corresponds to Fuck with each letter switched to the next one in the alphabet.

Psychic TV
In 1984 Guðlaugur added guitars on Psychic TV's album Those Who Do Not. This work was produced by Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson and Guðlaugur and used one of his inventions, the P-Orridgemeter. It was a device that could be programmed with any given frequency and was activated to make an identical structure and pattern for other sampled sound. By this means, digital or sound samples were "played" by individuals who were not physically present. For instance, a vocalist could activate a bell sound. This could be recorded as an identical pattern and then the voice was erased. In 1987 these tracks were reissued with a different name, Live in Reykjavik, an album that was released by Temple Records, the record label owned by Genesis P-Orridge.

Megas
Guðlaugur contributed to multiple albums by Megas, the Icelandic rock father, as a guitarist, arranger and composer. His first contribution was in 1987 for the album Loftmynd and in 1988 he appeared again on Höfuðlausnir, which featured Björk and Rose McDowell as backing vocalists. In 1990 Guðlaugur added guitars on Hættuleg Hljómsveit & Glæpakvendið Stella, an album featuring The Sugarcubes. In 1992 appeared on Þrír Blóðdropar, an album with the addition of Bubbi Morthens, Móeiður Júníusdóttir, and drummer Sigtryggur Baldursson. Drög að Upprisu followed in 1994.

In 2002, Guðlaugur's contributions were featured on the compilation Megas 1972-2002. The same year he joined Megas playing the song "Edge and Over" for Fálkar, the soundtrack to Friðriksson's film Falcons.

Bubbi Morthens
In 1989 Guðlaugur worked with singer Bubbi Morthens for the 10 track album Nóttin Langa. Part of this work is featured on Bubbi's Sögur 1980-1990, a 1999 compilation.

Björk
In August 1993 Björk released Venus as a Boy featuring an Elgar Sisters song, "Stígðu Mig" on the second CD. In November Big Time Sensuality went out featuring other Elgar songs, "Síðasta Ég" and "Glora". On 4 November 2002 Björk released a CD box titled Family Tree, containing three songs featuring Guðlaugur, "Síðasta Ég" and "Fuglar".

Other artists
In 1987 he worked on Crowleymass, an album by Current 93, the band led by David Tibet (ex Psychic TV), with the collaboration of HÖH who at that time was in Nyarlathotep's Idiot Flute Players. It was a single edited by Maldoror in a limited edition of 2,000 copies in the United Kingdom.

In 1990 Guðlaugur played on Crusher of Bones, an album released by Reptilicus. Produced by HÖH, it was an example of darkwave/industrial of the early 1990s.

In 1994 he worked with Neol Einsteiger on the album Heitur Vindur and by 1995 added guitars on the song "Eftirmáli og Ályktarnir" which appeared on Kjöttromman, an album released by EXEM, the band led by Einar Melax and poet Þorri Jóh. In 1998 he played on Ull by Súkkat, a band formed by Hafþór and Gunnar Ólafsson.

In 2003 Guðlaugur played with Graveslime on their album Roughness and Toughness. He played on the song "American Sleeper".

Solo career
With a free style and influences from Frank Zappa and Duke Ellington he performed on national TV and radio stations accompanied by other musicians or just solo concerts. In 2002 he released an album called Alone with Guitar that contained arrangements to five pieces of Bach. It was followed by another CD containing tracks from the Elgar Sisters and some of his live performances.

On 23 October 2004 he was asked to compose a song to be performed by the belfry of Hallgrímskirkja (the Icelandic cathedral). The song was performed by the church organist during the Iceland Airwaves festival.

On 9 December 2005 he released Dense Time, his first solo album. It is a review of his music work, including new songs and featuring Icelandic musicians including Björk, Megas, Agnar Wilhelm Agnarsson, Ragnhildur Gísladóttir, Guðmundur Jónsson (an operatic singer and Guðlaugur's stepfather), Guðmunsson, and others. It was produced by Guðlaugur with Arni Guðjónsson (leader of the band Leaves), and guitarist Guðmundur Pétursson.

In mid-October, he broke his left arm in an accident and several shows had to be canceled. On December 16, Pronil Holdings is (a company in charge of his music royalties and scientific patents) was officially registered.

Dense Time was reissued by Bad Taste in late 2017.

Personal life
Guðlaugur Kristinn Óttarsson has two daughters: Ellen Svava Guðlaugsdóttir (1973) and Hera Þöll Guðlaugsdóttir (1981).

Discography with Þeyr (1981–1983)
Albums:
 * 1981 – Mjötviður Mær (Eskvímó)
 * 1982 – As Above... (Shout)
 * 2001 – Mjötviður til Fóta (Esquimaux Management), 20th anniversary release.

Singles / EPs:
 * 1981 – Iður til Fóta (Eskvímó)
 * 1981 – Life Transmission (Fálkinn/Eskvímó)
 * 1982 – The Fourth Reich (Mjöt)
 * 1983 – Lunaire (Gramm)

Featuring:
 * 1981 – Brennu-Njálssaga (Íslenska kvikmyndasamsteypan), film directed by Friðrik Þór Friðriksson.
 * 1981 – Northern Lights Playhouse (Fálkinn), Icelandic compilation.
 * 1982 – Rokk í Reykjavík (Hugrenningur), soundtrack to the documentary directed by Friðriksson.
 * 1987 – Geyser - Anthology of the Icelandic Independent Music Scene of the Eighties (Enigma Records), Icelandic compilation.
 * 1996 – Cold Fever (Iceland Film Corporation), soundtrack to the movie directed by Friðrik Þór Friðriksson.
 * 1998 – Nælur (Spor), Icelandic compilation.

Video clips:
 * 1983 – Blood

Featuring on films:
 * 1982 – Rokk í Reykjavík (Íslenska kvikmyndasamsteypan), documentary directed by Friðrik Þór Friðriksson.

Discography of Kukl (1983–1986)
Single:
 * 1983 – Söngull (Gramm)

Albums:
 * 1984 – The Eye (Crass Records)
 * 1985 – KUKL à Paris 14.9.84 (V.I.S.A.)
 * 1986 – Holidays in Europe (The Naughty Nought) (Crass Records)

Featuring and collaborations:
 * 1984 – V.I.S.A. Présente (Bondage Records / V.I.S.A.), European compilation.
 * 1987 – Geyser - Anthology of the Icelandic Independent Music Scene of the Eighties (Enigma Records), Icelandic compilation.
 * 2002 – Family Tree (One Little Indian), CD box by Björk.

Solo career

 * 2002 – Alone with Guitar (RÚV-Rás 2)
 * 2002 – Misc. Music, (Pronil Holdings)
 * 2005 – Dense Time (Pronil Holdings)

Collaborations

 * 1984 – Those Who Do Not (Gramm), album by Psychic TV.
 * 1987 – Live in Reykjavik (Temple Records), album by Psychic TV.
 * 1987 – Loftmynd (Gramm), album by Megas.
 * 1987 – Crowleymass (Maldoror), single by Current 93.
 * 1988 – Höfuðlausnir (Gramm), album by Megas.
 * 1989 – Nóttin Langa (Geisli), album by Bubbi Morthens.
 * 1990 – Hættuleg hljómsveit & glæpakvendið Stella (Megas), album by Megas.
 * 1990 – Crusher of Bones (8 Product), album by Reptilicus.
 * 1992 – Þrír Blóðdropar (Skífan), album by Megas.
 * 1993 – Big Time Sensuality (One Little Indian), single of Debut, album by Björk.
 * 1993 – Venus as a Boy (One Little Indian), [CD 2], single of Debut, album by Björk.
 * 1994 – Debut Box Set - The CD Singles Collection from Debut (One Little Indian), singles box by Björk.
 * 1994 – Drög að Upprisu (Japis), album by Megas and Nýdönsk.
 * 1994 – Heitur Vindur (Minningarsjóður Pétur Inga Þorgilssonar), album by Neol Einsteiger.
 * 1995 – Kjöttromman (Bad Taste), album by EXEM.
 * 1998 – Ull (Súkkat), album by Súkkat.
 * 1999 – Sögur 1980-1990 (Íslenskir Tónar), greatest hits by Bubbi Morthens.
 * 2001 – Haugbrot (Ómi), album by Megas.
 * 2001 – Far... Þinn Veg (Ómi), album by Megas.
 * 2002 – Megas (???), compilation by Megas.
 * 2002 – Megas 1972-2002 (Skífan), compilation by Megas.
 * 2002 – Family Tree (One Little Indian), CD box by Björk.
 * 2002 – Fálkar (Smekkleysa), soundtrack to the film directed by Friðrik Þór Friðriksson.
 * 2003 – Roughness and Toughness (GS-Dolphins), album by Graveslime.
 * 2005 – Hús Datt (Smekkleysa), album by Megasukk.

Related bibliography

 * Rokksaga Íslands, Gestur Guðmundsson. Forlagið (1990).
 * Björk – Colección Imágenes de Rock, N°82, Jordi Bianciotto. Editorial La Máscara (1997).
 * Alternative Rock : Third Ear – The Essential Listening Companion, Dave Thimpson. Backbeat Books (2000).
 * Lobster or Fame, Ólafur Jóhann Engilbertsson. Bad Taste (2000).

title: Guðlaugur Kristinn Óttarsson


text:
Division of Wills

The Division of Wills is an Australian electoral division of Victoria. It is currently represented by Peter Khalil of the Australian Labor Party.

The electorate encompasses many of the suburbs in the City of Merri-bek in Melbourne's north, including Brunswick, Coburg, Pascoe Vale, Fawkner, Glenroy and Essendon Airport.

Geography
Since 1984, federal electoral division boundaries in Australia have been determined at redistributions by a redistribution committee appointed by the Australian Electoral Commission. Redistributions occur for the boundaries of divisions in a particular state, and they occur every seven years, or sooner if a state's representation entitlement changes or when divisions of a state are malapportioned.

History
The division was named after William John Wills of Burke and Wills fame. It was created in the 1949 redistribution.

Wills has been in Labor hands for its entire existence except between the 1992 by-election and 1996, when it was held by independent Phil Cleary. Its highest-profile member was Bob Hawke, who was Prime Minister of Australia from 1983 until 1991. The 1992 by-election is remarkable for a number of reasons: It was caused by Bob Hawke's retirement from parliament; it had a record twenty-two candidates standing; it was won by an independent; the results were thrown out as the winner, Phil Cleary, was on unpaid leave from the state education system (the Australian Constitution forbids people employed by the Crown from standing for election). No replacement by-election was held as the court decision which threw out the results was made shortly before a general election was due.

While Wills remains a traditional Labor stronghold, demographic changes and the rise of The Greens has seen Wills, along with the neighbouring seat of Cooper, become Labor-Green contests in recent years. In 2016, Labor's margin versus Greens candidate and City of Merri-bek Mayor Samantha Ratnam dropped below 5 percent after a swing of more than 10 percent to Ratnam, despite the traditional 2PP margin (versus The Liberals) of over 20 percent making it one of the safest Labor seats in the country when considered against the Coalition. Labor's margin over the Greens increased to over 8 percent at the 2019 election, and remained almost unchanged at the 2022 Election.

Demographics
Wills has undergone inner-city gentrification, particularly in Brunswick, which has led to a surge in support for the Greens in the seat. However, the Labor vote increases the further residents live from the Green heartland of Brunswick.

Wills has relatively large immigrant communities, with populations of second-generation Greek and Italian immigrants. According to the 2016 census, 47.8% of electors had both parents born outside of Australia.

As of 2016, 7.7% of electors spoke Italian, 4.7% Arabic, and 4.5% Greek at home.

title: Division of Wills


text:
Shiplake

Shiplake consists of three settlements: Shiplake, Shiplake Cross and Lower Shiplake. Together these villages form a civil parish situated beside the River Thames 2 mi south of Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, England. The river forms the parish boundary to the east and south, and also the county boundary between Oxfordshire and Berkshire. The villages have two discrete centres separated by agricultural land. The 2011 Census records the parish (on its adjusted scale) population as 1,954 and containing 679 homes. The A4155 main road linking Henley with Reading, Berkshire passes through the parish.

The largest is Lower Shiplake, centred around Shiplake railway station on the Henley Branch Line. It is the economic centre of the parish and contains a store & post office, butcher shop and The Baskerville pub, as well as most of the homes in the parish. 1 mi southwest of Lower Shiplake are the older, contiguous settlements of Shiplake and Shiplake Cross. Shiplake village is the historic and religious centre of the parish and contains Shiplake Farm, the Parish church of Saint Peter & Saint Paul on Church Lane, Shiplake House, The Plough pub and Shiplake College an independent boarding school. The College occupies the building and site of the historic Shiplake Court. Shiplake village contains numerous Grade II listed buildings and monuments.

Shiplake Cross is the sporting and community centre of the parish. It consists of just five roads: Memorial Avenue, Orchard Close, Plough Lane, Plowden Way and Schoolfields. It contains the Shiplake Memorial Hall, Shiplake Village Bowling Club (founded 1920) and Shiplake Tennis & Social Club as well as Shiplake CE Primary School and Nursery. Historically, the parish also included Binfield Heath, 1 mi west of the historic Shiplake village. Since 2003 it has been a separate civil parish.

Toponym
The earliest known surviving records of the toponym "Shiplake" are from the 13th century. The Book of Fees records Sciplak in 1236 and the Taxatio Ecclesiastica records Schipelak in 1292. It is derived from Old English and means "stream where sheep were washed". The other supposed origin is a mix of Saxon (Scip=ship) and Danish (Lack= to want or not to possess) 'lack of ships' and may relate to a Viking practice of sinking boats as a cache. Vikings raided the Thames and attacked Reading in 871. The Viking option was preferred by Emily J Climenson in her 1894 tome, 'The History of Shiplake'.

Parish church
The Church of England parish church of Saint Peter and Paul dates from at least the 13th century and is the centre of the Church of England parish of Shiplake. In 1869 the church was restored and enlarged to designs by the Gothic Revival architect GE Street. The chancel, north aisle and parts of the south aisle were rebuilt and the tracery of all its windows were replaced. The church is a Grade II* listed building. In the churchyard is a Gothic Revival shaft cross. It was erected in 1908 as a monument to a member of the Phillimore family. It is Grade II listed.

The church tower has a ring of eight bells, all recast by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry in 2009. Shiplake Church also has a Sanctus bell cast by Gillett & Johnston of Croydon in 1929. The earliest reference to Shiplake’s bells is in an inventory dating from the reign of Edward VI (1547–53): "Item – Three belles in ye steeple". The church bells were rung for Alfred Lord Tennyson's wedding on 13 June 1850. The ceremony was performed by the Reverend Robert Rawnsley who was Vicar from 1849-62. Tennyson gave the vicar a poem in lieu of payment for the ceremony:

Vicar of that pleasant spot, Where it was my chance to marry, Happy, happy be your lot, In the vicarage by the quarry: You were he that knit the knot.

Economic and social history
In 1773 the Thames Navigation Commission built Shiplake Lock on the River Thames about 1/2 mi downriver from the main village. About 1830 Shiplake House was built. It is a three-storey early 19th-century Regency house just east of what is now Shiplake College. Part of the rear and side has a decorative wrought iron verandah. In 1857 the Great Western Railway opened the Henley branch line between Twyford and Henley-on-Thames, crossing the Thames on Shiplake Railway Bridge, about 300 yd downstream from Shiplake Lock. The GWR built Shiplake railway station at Lower Shiplake, 1 mi northeast of the older part of the village. Lower Shiplake has since grown into the largest settlement within the parish. The original railway bridge was of timber. In 1897 the GWR replaced it with the present iron bridge.

In 1889 the author Jerome K. Jerome featured Shiplake in his novel Three Men in a Boat. Most homes in Shiplake were built or rebuilt after the railway arrived. These include Shiplake Court, an historic estate and country house beside the parish church that overlooks the Thames. Shiplake Court was re-built between 1890 and about 1905. In 1959 it became Shiplake College, an independent boarding school. Some of the college buildings are Grade II listed, including its "extraordinary" water tower. In 2003 the village of Binfield Heath and the hamlet of Crowsley were separated from Shiplake civil parish to form the new civil parish of Binfield Heath. Binfield Heath and Crowsley remain part of the Church of England parish of Shiplake, as does Eye and Dunsden to the south.

Amenities
Shiplake has two pubs: The Plough (formerly The Plowden Arms) and The Baskerville. The Plough is located on the A4155 at the junction with Plough Lane, and The Baskerville is located in Lower Shiplake, near the railway station.

Shiplake has a village hall, Women's Institute, amateur dramatic society, bowls and lawn tennis club and many other clubs, such as the art and history societies, as well as various fitness groups. Shiplake has a small number of industrial, storage, retail, distribution and office units.

Primary schooling takes place at Shiplake CE Primary School on Memorial Avenue, a Voluntary Aided Church of England school with a school role of 178. Older children attend nearby Gillotts School in Henley. Shiplake College is an independent day and boarding school for boys aged 11–18 and girls aged 16–18, located just off the main A4155 Henley on Thames to Reading road by Saints Peter and Paul parish church.

Public transport
Shiplake railway station is on the Henley Branch Line. All trains terminate at Twyford, where they connect with Great Western Main Line trains to London Paddington and Reading. Two bus routes serve Shiplake.

 * Arriva the Shires route 800 links Shiplake with Reading in one direction and Henley on Thames and High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire in the other. Buses run twice an hour on weekdays, and once an hour on Saturdays and Sundays.
 * Thames Travel route X38 links Shiplake with Reading in one direction and Henley on Thames, Wallingford and Oxford in the other. Buses run once an hour from Mondays to Saturdays. There is no Sunday service.

Wargrave & Shiplake Regatta
The Wargrave & Shiplake Regatta was founded in 1867 and is held over an August weekend for non-racing shells (also known as Olympic or fine boats). It receives the most entries for skiffing and dongolas racing on the Thames. The regatta attracts a comparable number of entries to the largest shell-racing regattas on the Thames such as Kingston Regatta and Molesey Regatta.

Notable residents

 * Barriemore Barlow, former drummer of Jethro Tull, lives in Shiplake.
 * Robert Hardy (actor) lived in Harpsden Woods from the 1980s onwards.
 * Vince Hill, singer, lives at Lower Shiplake.
 * Mary Hopkin (Welsh singer and Beatles contemporary) moved to Shiplake in 1980.
 * Henry Constantine Jennings, the antiquarian, was born at Shiplake and on 15 August 1731 was baptised in the parish church.
 * Simon Kernick, crime fiction author, lives in Shiplake.
 * Barry Lane (Ryder Cup golfer) moved to Station Road in 2003.
 * Gary Moore, rock musician, lived in Shiplake.
 * Kenneth More (actor) owned Lock End in Shiplake in the 1950s.
 * Shane O'Brien, Gold Medalist at the 1984 games in Los Angeles, rowing for New Zealand, lived in Shiplake and was Deputy Headmaster at Shiplake College.
 * George Orwell, author of Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four, lived in Shiplake.
 * Ian Paice, drummer of rock band Deep Purple, lives in Shiplake.
 * Brian Paterson, creator of Foxwood Tales and Zigby, lives in Shiplake.
 * Urs Schwarzenbach, the financier, has one of his houses at Lower Shiplake.
 * Alfred Tennyson and Emily Sellwood were married in Saints Peter and Paul parish church.
 * Richard Todd (actor) owned Haileywood House (and farm) 1955–67.
 * Antony Worrall Thompson, English restaurateur, celebrity chef, television and radio broadcaster lived in Shiplake, and has family connections to the village going back to 1888.

title: Shiplake


text:
Gábor Király

Gábor Ferenc Király (born 1 April 1976) is a Hungarian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

In his 25-year-long playing career, Király spent most of his career in Germany and England. He signed for Hertha BSC in 1997, going on to appear in 198 official games, and played for 1860 Munich later in his career. In England, he represented Crystal Palace, Burnley, and Fulham and had loan spells with West Ham United, and Aston Villa. In 2015, he re-joined his hometown team Szombathelyi Haladás.

Since making his international debut against Austria in 1998, Király amassed a record 108 caps for the Hungary national team. He represented his nation at UEFA Euro 2016, and on 14 June 2016, he became the oldest player to represent their country at a UEFA European Championship at 40 years and 74 days, beating the previous record of 39 years and 91 days held by Lothar Matthäus. The record was later extended to 40 years and 86 days on 26 June 2016. Király retired from international football after the tournament.

Throughout his career, Király was known for wearing a recognisable pair of grey tracksuit bottoms instead of shorts in almost every match he played.

Early career
Born in Szombathely, Király began his career with local club Szombathelyi Haladás in 1993, moving to Bundesliga club Hertha BSC in 1997.

Hertha BSC
At Hertha, he was initially the second-choice keeper, but after a streak of seven matches without a win, he was chosen over the first-choice goalkeeper Christian Fiedler for Hertha's home match against 1. FC Köln on 28 September 1997 in which they managed their first Bundesliga victory that season. He subsequently became the first-choice keeper and Fiedler did not appear in the Bundesliga for more than two years, until February 2000, when Király missed seven league matches due to an injury. He also appeared in 10 UEFA Champions League matches for Hertha in the 1999–2000 season of the competition.

However, after Hans Meyer was named the new Hertha coach in the winter break of the 2003–04 Bundesliga season, Király lost his place in the starting line-up and Fiedler was named the first-choice keeper after spending most of the previous six years on the bench. Király was then told his contract would only be renewed if he took a pay cut. In the spring of 2004, he only played the last 14 minutes of Hertha's final Bundesliga match of the season, against 1. FC Köln; the same club against whom he had made his Bundesliga debut. Overall he played almost 200 top-flight matches for Hertha.

Crystal Palace
Crystal Palace made Király their first signing for the 2004–05 season; but also signed Argentine goalkeeper Julián Speroni later that pre-season and it was he who was initially installed as the first-choice keeper. Király made his debut for Palace in the League Cup game at home to Hartlepool United where his performance, along with the poor form of Speroni, resulted in his promotion to the first choice in Palace goal. During the game with Hartlepool, Király was forced off when his joggers were ripped on one side, and his backup shorts were insufficient in providing heat to his legs during the game. He remained out for 3 games whilst he located a pair of backup shorts fit for use. He stayed in the first team for over 12 months before being rested over the Christmas period in 2005, making 32 Premier League appearances before Palace were relegated back to the Championship following the 2004–05 season. After the rest, he went straight back into the Palace side, and kept his place for the remainder of the 2005–06 season in which he made 43 appearances in the Championship.

On 18 May 2006, Király made a transfer request. With the signing of Scott Flinders, it seemed he would leave Crystal Palace and his chances of securing a move to the Premier League seemed to increase on 30 May, when he impressed for Hungary in their 3–1 defeat to England, saving a penalty by Frank Lampard in the process. However, Bob Dowie, Palace's director of football, revealed that the club had received no offers for the keeper's services, and thus he started a third season at Palace.

New manager Peter Taylor installed Király as his number-one choice in goal, with Flinders as his backup, but later on in the season Flinders was recalled from a loan spell and replaced Király in the starting line-up. However, Flinders only played two games, conceding seven goals and giving Király a quick return to the first team.

Király had a two-week loan spell at Premier League side West Ham United from mid-November to early December 2006 in which he did not make an appearance, spending three matches on the bench as an unused substitute.

He then returned to Palace, but almost immediately left for another loan spell at Aston Villa for one month, following injuries to Villa's regular keepers Thomas Sørensen and Stuart Taylor. At Villa, Király eventually managed a return to playing Premier League football after an eighteen-month absence following Palace's relegation. He was given his Villa debut on 16 December 2006 in their 1–0 defeat to Bolton Wanderers at Villa Park. The last match in his loan spell at Villa was their third-round FA Cup match against Manchester United at Old Trafford on 7 January 2007. After an otherwise strong performance, Király's late error gifted Manchester United a 2–1 victory. Following Sørensen and Taylor's return to fitness, he was allowed to return to Palace on 12 January 2007.

By the end of January 2007, he made a return in the Palace goal, with his first league match being a goalless draw away at Sunderland on 30 January 2007. Király continued in the team until the end of the season, when Speroni stepped in with three games remaining. After the last game, Taylor announced that Gábor had left the club in the week before the match.

Burnley
Király joined Burnley on 30 May 2007 after being released by Crystal Palace.

In January 2009, Király left Burnley on loan to Bayer Leverkusen as cover for their injured second choice keeper.

1860 Munich
In June 2009, Király was released by Burnley at the end of his contract alongside Steve Jones and Alan Mahon. On 3 June 2009, signed a three-year contract with TSV 1860 Munich.

After the second match of the 2014–15 season Király was suspended to the second squad along with his teammates Vitus Eicher, Daniel Adlung, Yannick Stark and captain Julian Weigl. Király had assaulted Gary Kagelmacher during a match, while the other four players had been out drinking late at night and were overheard talking negatively about the club.

Fulham
On 28 August 2014, it was announced that Király had signed for the English Championship side Fulham. In September 2014, against Reading, Király made his Fulham debut, and was in action multiple times, but the pressure inevitably told, with two goals against him within an hour. Király tipped a header from home substitute Pavel Pogrebnyak – a former Fulham player – against the crossbar and Jake Taylor drove narrowly wide from distance. But Fulham could not hold out at 2–0 until the end. In the 85th minute, substitute Nick Blackman ran through, went by Király and slotted the ball home.

Retirement
Király announced his retirement from playing in May 2019.

International career
Király made his debut for the Hungary national team against Austria on 25 March 1998 in Ernst-Happel-Stadion. After only four minutes, he saved a penalty from Austria's all-time top scorer Toni Polster, and Hungary won 3–2. During the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifying, Király was the only player in the Hungarian squad to appear in all of their ten qualifying matches. He had not played for the national team since the embarrassing 2–1 defeat by Malta on 11 October 2006, but was called up to the squad for the World Cup Qualifiers against Sweden and Portugal in September 2009 and has remained in the squad despite being second choice behind Gábor Babos.

On 12 November 2015, he earned his 100th cap for Hungary in a 1–0 win away to Norway in the first leg of their UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying play-off in Oslo. He was the second Hungarian to reach the milestone, after József Bozsik of the Golden Team. Király was eventually called up in Hungary's UEFA Euro 2016 squad.

On 14 June 2016, Király played in the first group match in a 2–0 victory over Austria at the UEFA Euro 2016 Group F match at Nouveau Stade de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. Hence, he became the oldest player to feature in the competition, breaking Lothar Matthäus' record. Three days later on 18 June 2016 he played in a 1–1 draw against Iceland at the Stade Vélodrome, Marseille. He also played in the last group match in a 3–3 draw against Portugal at the Parc Olympique Lyonnais, Lyon on 22 June 2016. He later played in a 4–0 defeat against Belgium in the round of 16, in which he managed to extend his record as the oldest player to appear in the competition, aged 40 years and 86 days. He announced his retirement from international football on 2 August 2016. However, on 15 November 2016, he played his testimonial match against Sweden. He played the first 30 minutes in 2–0 loss.

Tracksuit trousers
Throughout his career, Király has stood out for his gimmick of wearing a recognisable pair of grey tracksuit bottoms instead of shorts in almost every match he has played since 1996; several commentators have taken note of his unusual attire. He said in an interview that they are grey in colour because they bring him good luck.

In an interview with UEFA.com, he said that "I'm a goalie, not a top model. It's essentially a question of comfort. I've played on clay or grass that's been frozen in winter; it makes your legs hurt when you dive so jogging bottoms seemed obvious. I always take a size above to facilitate movement. I tried shorts during my spells in Germany and England but it didn't suit me. The end result is more important than your look."

Király SZE
In 2006 Király founded his own association football club, Király SZE.

Honours
Hertha Berlin
 * DFL-Ligapokal: 2001, 2002

title: Gábor Király


text:
Talk:Sidney Coleman

Move
Original article moved to Sidney_Coleman/Temp after copyright violation of Tonderai 11:57, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * The bulk of Sidney Coleman’s research has been in high-energy theoretical physics, in particular quantum field theory. He has contributed to the theories of strong-interaction symmetries, of spontaneous symmetry breakdown, of duality in two-dimensional field theories, of solitons and instantons, of the cosmological constant, and of quantum effects in black-hole dynamics.
 * rv to pre-vopyvio version.--Duk 03:29, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

Sad news
Unfortunately you should view the sad news about Sidney's death as a confirmed news with a source. See the main page of the Harvard physics department. --Lumidek (talk) 15:31, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

Categeory: Science fiction fans
Coleman was also well-known in science fiction fandom (which was the context in which I knew him). I checked to see if this could be sourced, and indeed his articles are found in science fiction fanzines. See http://www.smithway.org/fstuff/zines.html for example. --Pleasantville (talk) 11:49, 20 March 2008 (UTC)

Contributions to physics
Coleman's Erice lectures, written up over the years, were very influential on his generation of physicists. It seems to me that this work was indeed a "contribution to physics" in addition to his original research. In particular, I think TonyMath's addition of "Instantons (Aspects of Symmetry)" should stay in the article. betsythedevine (talk) 00:27, 22 January 2011 (UTC)

His Erice lectures might count as a contribution, but it is wrong to select one specific physics topic from them, "Instantons", to which he made no major physics contribution, and put it in a list with the decay of the false vacuum etc, to which he made seminal contributions. I suggest putting his Erice lectures in the list of contributions (instead of Instantons), marking it as a review. Dark Formal (talk) 03:24, 23 January 2011 (UTC)
 * That sounds like a very good suggestion to me, and I've attempted to implement it in the article. If others feel I got this wrong, feel free to improve. betsythedevine (talk) 05:21, 23 January 2011 (UTC)

Controversies

 * This note concerns the deleted text :

In 1998, Sidney Coleman and Sheldon Glashow published a paper suggesting that Lorentz symmetry violation (LSV) could be at the origin of a suppression of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff. But the work by Luis Gonzalez-Mestres, that Coleman and Glashow do not cite, is clearly prior to their suggestion.

In his book The Trouble With Physics, Lee Smolin, a former doctoral student of Sidney Coleman at Harvard, wrongly attributes to Coleman and Glashow this original idea. Already in a 1996 paper, Gonzalez-Mestres had also conjectured that superbradyon decay could provide a source of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. In April 1997, postulating the existence of a vacuum rest frame and a quadratic momentum dependence for the effective LSV parameters, González-Mestres pointed out that Lorentz symmetry violation for "ordinary" particles can lead to a suppression of the GZK cutoff and that, under the same hypothesis, unstable particles can become stable at ultra-high energy. More generally, the stability and decays of ultra-high energy particles would depend on LSV parameters. These original ideas were also presented at the 1997 International Cosmic Ray Conference.

(en of the text)

You can find more details in a former version of the biography of Luis Gonzalez-Mestres that one is trying to remove :

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luis_Gonz%C3%A1lez-Mestres&oldid=405694130

Including the explicit mentions by the New York Times and the CERN Courier. Then, a simple check of article dates shows that the papers by Gonzalez-Mestres were clearly prior to those of Coleman and Glashow.

Citizen Biographer (talk) 10:28, 26 May 2011 (UTC)

 * More precisely, Nick Mavromatos wrote in the August 2002 CERN Courier :

"Other astrophysical probes of the stochastic quantum-gravity effects may be provided by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR) with energies above 1019 eV, as well as by TeV photons. The presence of such events seems puzzling from the point of view of Lorentz invariance - standard kinematics imply the existence of energy thresholds, the Greisen, Zatsepin, Kuzmin (GZK) cut-off, above which certain reactions would prevent such energetic particles from reaching the observation point, assuming an extra-galactic origin. Some exotic suggestions have been made to relate Lorentz invariance violation associated with the quantum-gravity-induced modification of the particle's dispersion relations with the existence of UHECR or TeV photons, in the form of an abolition of the GZK cut-off in such models."

One of the references of the article is :

L Gonzalez-Mestres 1997 physics/9704017 at http://www.arxiv.org/.

which corresponds to :

http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/9704017 (14 April 1997)

whose abstract explicitly states :

The sectorial Lorentz symmetry may be only a low-energy limit, in the same way as the relation $\omega $ (frequency) = $c_s$ (speed of sound) $k$ (wave vector) holds for low-energy phonons in a crystal. We study the consequences of such a scenario, using an ansatz inspired by the Bravais lattice as a model for some vacuum properties. It then turns out that: a) the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff on high-energy cosmic protons and nuclei does no longer apply; b) high-momentum unstable particles have longer lifetimes than expected with exact Lorentz invariance, and may even become stable at the highest observed cosmic ray energies or slightly above.

(end of quote)

Similarly, in The New York Times (December 2002), Dennis Overbye writes :

http://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/31/science/interpreting-the-cosmic-rays.html?n=Top/News/Science/Topics/Space

In the late 1990's Dr. Luis Gonzalez-Mestres of the National Center for Scientific Research in France, and, independently, the Harvard theorists Dr. Sheldon Glashow and Dr. Sidney Coleman proposed that a small violation of relativity would allow high-energy cosmic rays to evade the G.Z.K. energy limit on travel.

(end of quote)

Even if Dennis Overbye uses the expression "independently", the way he quotes Gonzalez-Mestres is a clear recognizion of his priority. Then, one can check the actual dates of papers. It is quite obvious that in August 1998 there was no reason for Coleman and Glashow not to cite Gonzalez-Mestres.

Citizen Biographer (talk) 10:51, 26 May 2011 (UTC)
 * For nearly any physics result, there are pre-existing papers that said something similar somewhere. I doubt this dispute about who said what first in 1996 or 1998 is notable enough for inclusion in Wikipedia. I don't see WP:RS calling this a controversy. If it were to be included, the place it should go is Luis Gonzalez-Mestres, not Sidney Coleman or Sheldon Glashow, since they were arguably unaware of the earlier paper when they wrote theirs. betsythedevine (talk) 11:19, 26 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately, as it has been pointed out (and immediately censored and declared "sockpuppetry", "disruptive" and so on...) in the discussion on the proposed deletion of the Gonzalez-Mestres biography :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Luis_Gonz%C3%A1lez-Mestres there was no reason for Coleman and Glashow not to cite Gonzalez-Mestres. Especially, given the fact that they had cited him here :

http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9703240 (revised 30 April 1997 version, two weeks after the above paper by Gonzalez-Mestres and not considering a possible suppression of the GZK cutoff)

and the Harvard University has itself an excellent database quickly picking arXiv.org abstracts, where you can find this paper :

http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997physics...4017G

as well as the May 1997 one by Gonzalez-Mestres whose title was explicitly :

Absence of Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin Cutoff and Stability of Unstable Particles at Very High Energy, as a Consequence of Lorentz Symmetry Violation

http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/9705031

http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997physics...5031G

Coleman, Glashow and Smolin could not reasonably ignore this evidence, especially in August 1998 (date of the first paper where Coleman and Glashow evoked a possible GZK cutoff suppression) or years later.

Is the deletion of the Gonzalez-Mestres biography a way to "kill" embarrassing evidence for dysfunctions of the "western" scientific institutions whose role is clearly declining at the world level ?

83.199.118.76 (talk) 08:46, 27 May 2011 (UTC)

 * This seems to be a serious ethical issue that would even possibly deserve some investigation. Did the situation of Gonzalez-Mestres at College de France, as a well-known member of the "dissident" unions, have an influence on the fact that Coleman and Glashow refrained from quoting him, when they had previously cited his work in April 1997 after the http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/9704017 paper had appeared ?

Negun (talk) 09:42, 29 May 2011 (UTC)

 * It is just a fact that two essential results claimed by Coleman and Glashow in 1998 as original (possible GZK suppression and stability of unstable particles at ultra-high energies) :

http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9808446

http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9812418

explicitly appear in the abstract of the April 1997 paper by Gonzalez-Mestres :

http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/9704017

83.199.48.32 (talk) 09:31, 30 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Those "essential results" are so unimportant to Coleman, to Glashow, and indeed to physics that they are of absolutely zero interest to anybody reading this biography. Coleman and Glashow made other major contributions to physics. The "possible GZK suppression and stability of unstable particles at ultra-high energies" are not an important part of their physics biography. The talk page of the article is a place for discussing improvements to the article. It is not a WP:FORUM. Good luck with your "investigation" and if some WP:RS reports on its results, then maybe it will be notable and reliable enough for inclusion in Wikipedia. betsythedevine (talk) 12:10, 30 May 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Sidney Coleman


text: User talk:172.143.49.166

title: User talk:172.143.49.166