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Amelia Stone Quinton

Amelia Stone Quinton (born Amelia Stone on July 31, 1833 – June 23, 1926) was an American social activist and advocate for Native American rights. In collaboration with Mary Bonney, she helped found the Women's National Indian Association in 1883.

She served as the association's president from 1887 to 1904; during this time the association made progress in advancing the rights of Native Americans. They supported passage of the Dawes Severalty Act by Congress in 1887, which provided individual households of Native Americans in Indian Territory with portions of land for farming, and United States citizenship. Senator Henry Dawes (R-Massachusetts), sponsor of the act, later said that "the new government Indian policy was born of and nursed by this women' association."

Life
Amelia Stone was born on July 31, 1833, in Jamesville, New York, near Syracuse, to Mary (née Bennett) and Jacob Thompson Stone. She was tutored by Samuel B. Woolworth in Homer.

After Stone married Reverend James Franklin Swanson, they lived in Georgia for several years for his work. He died before her. The widow Stone married Richard L. Quinton in London, who was an astronomy and history lecturer. She took his surname.

Stone taught for a year in a Georgia seminary. Following her husband's death, she returned to the North and taught for a year in the Chestnut Street Seminary of Philadelphia. Next she turned to religious and philanthropic work.

At first her volunteer work was among the poor of New York City, where she had weekly engagements in various institutions. She served one day of the week was spent in the prison, the almshouse, or the workhouse, and another in some infirmary or reformatory for women. She also provided a weekly Bible-class for sailors.

During the first temperance crusade in Brooklyn, she joined the band of workers. She was invited to go out and represent the work, to organize unions, and, a little later, was elected by the State Woman's Christian Temperance Union as state organizer.

She went to Europe for a year's rest. After a few months on the continent, she was drawn into temperance work in England and addressed drawing-room and church meetings in London and other cities. On the voyage to England, she met Professor Richard Quinton, a native of London and a lecturer on historical and astronomical subjects. A year later they married in London, where they continued to reside for some months. She returned to America in the autumn of 1878, and together the couple lived in Philadelphia, where Prof. Quinton resumed his lecturing.

In April 1879, her friend, Mary L. Bonney, became deeply stirred on the subject of national wrongs to Indians, especially allowing European-American settlement in Indian Territory. She presided over a missionary society which sought to circulate a petition on the subject. The anniversary occasion was already overcrowded with topics, and the petition was not presented or read. A few weeks later Bonney presented more information to Quinton, and they began to plan together.

Bonney agreed to supply the means needed for printing, and Quinton to plan and work; she studied in libraries, prepared literature and petitions and circulated them through the sympathizers and helpers she gained in many states.

The first petition was enlarged and she prepared a leaflet of facts and special appeal, and sent those out widely to leading citizens, and to women in many kinds of Christian and philanthropic work. Signatures to the petition were returned from thirteen States, and were collected in a roll three-hundred-feet long. This was presented to Congress in February 1880. At the end of that year the pair had organized a committee of eight. At their first meeting Quinton was elected as secretary of the committee. Three months later Bonney was elected chairman. In June 1881 the constitution drafted by Quinton was adopted, and the society that day elected an executive board, nominated at her request by the pastors of the churches, and became known as the Indian Treaty-keeping and Protective Association.

Quinton began the work of wider organization and organized thirteen associate committees in five states before the close of the year. In the memorial letter which she wrote to accompany the petition of 1881, she petitioned Congress to bring Indians into voluntary citizenship by making that to their interest, rather than by the coercion of acts of Congress.

In her petition for January 1882, universal Indian education, lands in severalty, and the full rights of citizenship for Indians were addressed. At that date the society had sixteen State committees, all of which she revisited and reorganized as permanent auxiliaries. A memorable discussion in the Senate over that third petition, which had signatures of a hundred thousand citizens, was closed by Senator Henry L. Dawes.

Now known as the Women's National Indian Association, the organization established branches, officers or helpers in forty states. It had founded more than twenty missions in Indian tribes since 1884. During 1891, its missionary work was done in fifteen tribes.

After Bonney retired from the presidency of the association, in November 1884, Mary Lowe Dickinson was elected to the office. In 1887 Quinton as unanimously elected president.

She bore a government commission and did service also on behalf of Indian education.

She died on June 23, 1926, at her home in Ridgefield Park, New Jersey.

title: Amelia Stone Quinton


text: User talk:4.228.102.139

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:4.228.102.139


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Talk:Tattva

[Untitled]
Permission to use this article given by Magical Path

See An Introduction to Tattvas for original article.

Combination of this article to Tattwas article
Even though technically there is a difference between western and eastern traditions, I think that these two articles should be combined somehow. --Rmcnew (talk) 17:08, 19 April 2009 (UTC)

Apparently no one is commenting on this, so I am doing it anyways. --Rmcnew (talk) 19:37, 15 June 2009 (UTC)

Symbols and Colours
This section is lacking neutrality and objectivity, particularly in the second half. It needs to be modified to be more encyclopedic. Thank you. :) — RJH 19:18, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Even Sri Brahma is a tattva. Along with him, Sri Lakshmi, Sri Saraswati, Sri Parvati, are tattvas. All the materials in the universe is also a Tattva. Sri Vishnu is a Tattva. Vishal Kandasamy (talk) 06:49, 6 November 2021 (UTC)

Adityas Vasus Rudras, all gods are tattvas too. Vishal Kandasamy (talk) 06:50, 6 November 2021 (UTC)

Bias
""""""Compared with the Tattvas, the Enochian system has been more intellectualised. This seems only natural in that (in psychological terms) the Western tradition is one of "thinking" and the Eastern tradition is one of "feeling."""""""

What the heck is that supossed to mean? Zachorious 04:07, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

Copyvio
Well, the article was really terrible and hardly NPOV, but it was also a copyvio, so I've removed most of it. I know that it says on the talk page that permission is given, but how do we know that is the author, etc. That is not the process for giving permission, WP has stricter policies about that to ensure that it is actually the author who is giving permission, understands GFDL, etc. In any case, the source article is not encyclopedic. I don't think that it is a good idea to use it as the basis for the WP article at all. It is both biased and unverifiable. —Hanuman Das 05:33, 8 September 2006 (UTC)
 * It is easy to just delete stuff, but the article as it stands now makes no sense; it is impossible to understand what is being talked about. The article starts with the etymology of the Sanskrit word, but it lacks a definition of the concept—what is a tattva?  The gibberish: “[tattva is an] aspect of reality conceived as an aspect of deity” is hardly encyclopedic.  The relevant sections should have been rewritten, not discarded.  Freederick 18:58, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree the article needs a better structure, and more clarity, but have removed the classical element box as to have it gives the impression that tattva means 'physical element' which is not really the case. It's a hard one to translate exactly - it is often used to describe 'a truth' or to classify esoteric elements of belief systems which is far more broad a meaning than covering the simple base elements etc... Ys, Gouranga(UK) 10:32, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

Panch Tattva
This Article does not discuss anything about what generally is perceived as Tattva - the Panch Tattva or Panch Mahabhoot - Agni, Vayu, Jal, Bhumi and Aakash. The article talks about definitions and associations of Tavva i have never heard. Also the Panch Tattva link leads to Vaishanav association with it, rather than the general association with the classical elements. It however directs you to Mahābhūta. but there again the Mahābhūta article says itz a Buddhist concept with only 4 elements. Shouldn't the Hindu Concept of Pachatattva be discussed here. i found the older editions of the article had refs to the classical elements which were removed. Can the editors of this article please clarify.--Redtigerxyz 08:45, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

 * How about creating a new article under Pancha Mahabhuta? Other Hinduism based links could then go to there, rather than the Mahabhuta page? Gouranga(UK) 10:39, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tattva


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File:"We Can Work It Out" and "Day Tripper" (Beatles single - cover art).jpg

Summary
The sleeve of the Beatles double A-side single Day Tripper/We Can Work It Out


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Talk:List of Peruvians

Changing title
Why isn't this "List of famous Peruvians"? Surely there are many more Peruvians than that! --Dmcdevit 07:17, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Take a look at Category:Lists of people by nationality. This title is standard. Xezbeth  07:18, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Wow! But while practically it follows the standard, I still don't understand why. Aren't all of these lists of "famous [insert nationality here]s"? Is there a WP policy for this and what is the reasoning? The name simply doesn't seem to correspond to the content. What am I missing? --Dmcdevit 07:23, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, my two friends are peruvians, but they are not in the list! I would understand this if the list was about famous Peruvians. --Gonzakun

Removing names
I removed most names from 'famous scientists' that were added with nos purpose or merit --isradelacon

Alborada in the list of singers
will anyone put alborada in the list of singers??--Jhon montes24 02:35, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Peruvians


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Ford MN12 platform

The Ford MN12 platform (Mid-size North America, Corporate Program #12) is a car platform that was used by the Ford Motor Company from 1988 to 1997 for the 1989–1997 model year Ford Thunderbird and Mercury Cougar two-door personal luxury cars. A variant of this platform, known as the FN10 (Lincoln, North American, corporate Program #10), was used for the 1993–1998 model year Lincoln Mark VIII from 1992 to 1998. Each car based on this platform had a front-engine, rear-wheel drive layout with an independent rear suspension.

Development
The roots of the MN12 program began in 1984 when Ford sought to build on the success of the then-current, Fox body-based Thunderbird and Cougar. Going beyond unique styling, Ford wanted to produce a Thunderbird and Cougar that could compete with more sophisticated and higher performing cars from European automakers such as BMW. To accomplish this, Ford needed to develop a new platform since the existing Fox platform couldn't satisfy the requirements of the MN12 program.

Heading the program was Anthony "Tony" S. Kuchta, who was appointed to the position by Ford management in 1986, when formal production program began. Kuchta decided to retain a rear-wheel drive layout for the MN12 platform as a basis for delivering better road performance, as opposed to following the Thunderbird and Cougars' front-wheel drive-based rivals from General Motors, such as the Pontiac Grand Prix and Buick Regal. Kuchta also approved an independent rear suspension for the MN12 platform, something that would make the Thunderbird and Cougar the only rear-drive domestic cars other than the Chevrolet Corvette (and the later Dodge Viper RT/10) to feature this.

Ford engineers working on the MN12 program also explored the use of all-wheel drive for the platform with Ford going so far as paying German automaker Porsche to study the feasibility of its use, but Kuchta ultimately decided against it out of cost concerns.

Overview
MN12 cars had a 113" wheelbase and were available with a 3.8L V6 engine, a 3.8L V6 supercharged engine from 1988 to 1995 (1988-1990 in Cougar), a 5.0L V8 engine from 1991 to 1993, and a 4.6L V8 engine from 1994 to 1997. A 4.6L DOHC V8 engine was used for the FN10 platform Lincoln Mark VIII from 1993 to 1998.

Suspension
The front suspension consists of upper and lower control arms with coilover shocks. A common misconception with this platform is that the front end has struts; however, since there is an upper control arm they are actually coilover shocks. Brakes were a vented rotor / single-piston caliper with Sport model Thunderbirds receiving a larger diameter rotor. The rear suspension consisted of upper and lower control arms with coil spring and shock. Varying sway bar diameters were used among the different models of Cougar and Thunderbird. All MN12 cars shipped from the factory with a 5 x 4.25" (5x108mm) lugnut bolt pattern.

title: Ford MN12 platform


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Malayan Communist Party

The Malayan Communist Party (MCP), officially the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM), was a Marxist–Leninist and anti-imperialist communist party which was active in British Malaya and later, the modern states of Malaysia and Singapore from 1930 to 1989. It was responsible for the creation of both the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army and the Malayan National Liberation Army.

The party led resistance efforts against the Japanese occupation of Malaya and Singapore during World War II, and later fought a war of national liberation against the British Empire during the Malayan Emergency. After the departure of British colonial forces from the Federation of Malaya, the party fought in a third guerrilla campaign against both the Malaysian and Singaporean governments in an attempt to create a communist state in the region, before disbanding in 1989. Today, due to historical connotations surrounding the MCP, communism as an ideology remains a taboo political topic in both countries.

Early Influences
The communist movement actually appeared in Pahang earlier around the middle of the 1920s. At that time, the Communist Youth League was formed in the Chinese settlement centers such as in Raub, Bentong, Mentakab and Manchis. The followers of this movement are mostly made up of Chinese students who are in their teens and early twenties. They have been taught the ideals of communism by some of their teachers and are usually encouraged to show opposition to capitalism, colonial oppression and western imperialism in their public meetings and discussion groups.

Formation
In April 1930 the South Seas Communist Party was dissolved and was replaced by the Communist Party of Malaya. While its primary responsibility was Malaya and Singapore, the party was also active in Thailand and the Dutch East Indies, which did not then have their own Communist parties.

Growth
The party operated as an illegal organisation under British colonial rule. On 29 April 1930, a raid conducted by the Singapore Special Branch on a vacant house at 24 Nassim Road in Singapore almost ended the MCP as eight of its original founding members were arrested before being imprisoned or deported back to China. In June 1931, after a Comintern courier was intercepted by the police, about six raids were conducted from June to December saw several party members were arrested and documents seized, sending the party into disarray. Information extracted from the courier indicated at this point there were 1,500 members and 10,000 sympathisers.

Despite this setback, the MCP gained influence in the trade union movement and organised several strikes, most notably at the Batu Arang coal mine in 1935. They also set up workers' committees at some workplaces. These committees, and the strikes, were promptly crushed by troops and police. Many ethnic Chinese strikers were deported to China, where they were often executed by the Chinese Nationalist government as Communists.

After Japan invaded China in 1937, there was a rapprochement between the Malayan Kuomintang and Communists, paralleling that in China. Under the wing of the Kuomintang, the MCP was able to operate more easily. Anti-Japanese sentiment among Malayan Chinese gave the party a great opportunity to recruit members and raise funds under the banner of defence of China.

At this time, the party was infiltrated by an apparent British agent, Lai Teck, who became its Secretary-General in April 1939. Despite this severe security breach, the Party continued to operate effectively. By mid-1939 it claimed about 40,000 members, about half in Singapore.

Structure
The MCP was headed by a Central Executive Committee of twelve to fifteen members. About six of these were appointed to the Political Bureau (Politburo) which ran the party when the C.E.C was not in session. Each State had State Central Executive Committee and was in turn subdivided into several Districts. The smallest unit of organisation was the Party cell, which typically consisted of the members from one workplace or village. Large Party Congresses were held on an occasional basis.

World War II
On 8 December 1941, the Japanese Empire invaded Malaya. The British colonial authorities now accepted the MCP's standing offer of military co-operation. On 15 December, all left-wing political prisoners were released.

From 20 December the British military began to train party members in guerilla warfare at the hastily established 101st Special Training School (101st STS) in Singapore. About 165 MCP members were trained before the British defences collapsed. These fighters, scantily armed and equipped by the hard-pressed British, hurriedly dispersed and attempted to harass the occupying army.

Just before Singapore fell to the Japanese on 15 February 1942, the party began organising armed resistance in the state of Johore. Soon four armed groups, which became known as 'Regiments', were formed, with 101st STS trainees serving as nuclei. In March this force was dubbed the Malayan People's Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA) and began sabotage and ambushes against the Japanese. The Japanese responded with reprisals against Chinese civilians. These reprisals, coupled with increasing economic hardship, caused large numbers of Malayan Chinese to flee the cities. They became squatters at the forest margins, where they became the main source of recruits, food, and other assistance for the MPAJA. The MPAJA consolidated this support by providing protection.

O'Ballance estimates that in mid-1942 the regimental strengths were about 100 in the first Regiment, 160 in the 2nd, 360 in the 3rd, and 250 in the 4th. At this time a 5th, 6th, and 7th Regiment were formed. This army, which included women, was conceived as both a military and political force, along Maoist lines.

When Singapore fell, Lai Teck was arrested by the Japanese and became their agent. On 1 September 1942, acting on his information, the Japanese launched a dawn raid on a secret conference of more than 100 MCP and MPAJA leaders at the Batu Caves just north of Kuala Lumpur, killing most. The loss of personnel forced the MPAJA to abandon its political commissar system, and the military commanders became the heads of the regiments. Following this setback the MPAJA avoided engagements and concentrated on consolidation, amassing 4,500 soldiers by Spring 1943.

From May 1943, British commandos from Force 136 infiltrated Malaya and made contact with the guerillas. Early in 1944 an agreement was reached whereby the MPAJA would accept some direction from the Allied South East Asia Command (SEAC) and the Allies would give the MPAJA weapons and supplies. It was not until the spring of 1945, however, that significant amounts of material began to arrive by air drop.

The war's aftermath
Japan's surrender on 15 August 1945 caught the combatants in Malaya by surprise. The first British contingent of reoccupation troops did not arrive until 3 September; Singapore was reoccupied only on the 8th. The Japanese garrison withdrew from the countryside, leaving a power vacuum that was filled by the MPAJA. In many places, especially Chinese areas, they were greeted as heroes as they emerged from the forest.

The British recognised the MPAJA's authority, paying its soldiers for the role in the reoccupation. The guerillas, meanwhile, seized Japanese arms and recruited freely, forming an 8th Regiment and lifting their armed strength over 6,000. At the same time they launched reprisals against collaborators in the Malay police force and the civilian population and began to forcibly raise funds.

Many in the rank and file advocated revolution. The cautious approach which was favoured by Lai Teck and a majority of the leadership prevailed—a decision which was later viewed as a major missed opportunity.

On 12 September the British Military Administration (BMA) was installed at Kuala Lumpur. Later that year MPAJA reluctantly agreed to disband. Weapons were handed in at ceremonies where the wartime role of the army was praised. Six thousand eight-hundred soldiers were officially disbanded, but a proportion of weapons were withheld, particularly handguns. The party was still not legal but able to operate without repression.

The MCP adopted a 'National Front' policy, building a broad coalition to work for national independence within legal means. Due to bad economic conditions, the BMA was immediately faced with strikes and demonstrations in which the Communists played an active part. Several were put down by armed force and leaders banished. The MCP also exerted influence through parliamentary parties such as the Malayan Democratic Union (MDU) and the Malay Nationalist Party (MNP).

In 1946, amid a discontent with the leadership's cautious line, an investigation commenced into rumours of Lai Teck's treachery. Before he could be questioned in March 1947, Lai Teck fled the country with party funds. Badly shaken, the Central Executive Committee kept the defection secret for a year while they struggled to come to terms with it. The 26-year-old Chin Peng was chosen as the new Secretary General. A senior officer in the MPAJA 5th Regiment in Perak, he had been the party's principal liaison with Force 136. The party's stance became more resolutely anti-British.

Malayan Emergency
Amid a rising atmosphere of tension, the government outlawed the burgeoning trade union federations on 12 June 1948. Then on 16 June they declared a state of emergency after three European planters were murdered by Communists in Perak state. The police were given sweeping powers of arrest, and punishments including the death penalty could be administered without an ordinary trial.

In the two weeks following hundreds of MCP members were arrested, and the party was declared illegal on 23 July. Party militants regrouped in the jungle as the Malayan Peoples' Anti-British Army (MPABA), many ex-MPAJA personnel. The initial commander, Lau Yew, was killed in action on 16 July. Chin Peng narrowly escaped arrest and rejoined his comrades with difficulty.

During this period the MCP also engaged in intimidation, including assassination, of civilians with the aim of coercing material aid, information, and silence. This policy contributed to a loss in popular support and was repudiated by the CEC in September 1951.

On 1 February 1949 the MPABA changed its name to 'Malayan National Liberation Army' (MNLA) and The party began to campaign for a Peoples' Democratic Republic of Malaya, which included Singapore.

The MPLA had a General Headquarters controlled by a Central Military Committee which consisted of the politburo and some of the MPLA's regimental commanders and political officers. The most influential members of the politburo were Chin Peng, Yeung Kwo and Lau Lee. At this point the army had about 4000 soldiers, about 10% women. It was divided into ten Regiments, nine of which were predominantly Chinese and one of which was composed mostly of Malays and Indians. The latter was successfully eliminated by the British who wished to confine the insurgency to the Chinese community.

A civilian organisation called the Min Yuen supported the MPLA, collecting supplies and information.

The MPLA lived in jungle or forest camps similar to—or even the same as—to those which the MPAJA had used. By mid 1950 they, with the help of the Min Yuen, had acquired uniforms. These were of either khaki or jungle green British pattern. The MPAJA and MPLA usually wore three stars on their caps, signifying the three races of Malaya.

Road or rail ambushes were favoured by the guerrillas, averaging about 17 per month from September 1949 to February 1950, and 56 per month from then until September 1950, peaking at 100 in the latter month.

To prevent peasants, particularly squatters, from aiding the guerrillas, the British commenced relocation, which became a major component of British strategy under the Briggs Plan of 1950. By the mid-1950s about 500,000 people (roughly 10% of Malaya's population) had been moved into compounds, termed 'New Villages', which were surrounded by high barbed wire fences and guarded by police. On mines and estates, employees did not face relocation but merely 'regroupment' into guarded compounds on site. About 650,000 people were regrouped in this manner.

In addition, in June 1951, a general food-control program called 'Operation Starvation' was instituted. In 'food restricted areas', eating was only permitted at home, not at cafes and restaurants or workplaces. Shop keepers had to keep strict account of all food sold, and canned goods had to be punctured at time of sale to necessitate their being used promptly. Widespread burning of villages suspected of Communist sympathies was also common in the early years.

As a military strategy, these restrictive measures were highly successful. By 1953 the MPLA was often short of food and its numbers declined. Faced with failure to establish any 'Liberated Areas', MCP renewed its work with trade unions and political parties. The MPLA, for its part, began to increasingly rely on Malaya's aboriginal population for support. Internment of Aborigines was abandoned after mass deaths, and the government instead adopted strategy of offering the aborigines' aid and building forts in aborigine territory.

In July 1955 Malaya's first general elections took place, with Tunku Abdul Rahman becoming Chief Minister. One of his first acts was to declare a partial amnesty. The amnesty remained in place until 8 February 1956 but resulted in only 73 surrenders.

On 24 September 1955 Chin Peng wrote to Rahman offering to negotiate peace. This was accepted and on 17 October two government representatives, Too Joon Hing, an Assistant Minister of Education, and I.S. Wylie, the Deputy Commissioner of the Federation police, met Chin Peng and another member of the MCP Central Executive Committee at Klian Intan. Two further meetings followed in November.

On 24 December the MCP released a new 'Eight Point Program' which called for an end to the Emergency Regulations, a cessation of hostilities, reform of Malaya's political system, democratic rights, support for world peace, and attention to other matters including education, health, welfare, and industrial production.

The negotiations culminated in the Baling meeting on 28 and 29 December 1955. Representing the Government were Tunku Abdul Rahman, David Marshall, Chief Minister of Singapore, and Sir Cheng Lock Tan, leader of the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA). For the MCP were Chin Peng Chen Tian, and Abdul Rashid bin Maidin. Chin Peng wanted legal recognition of the MCP and a return to the pre-conflict situation. The Government demanded the dissolution of the MCP, and the talks broke down.

In 1956 Chin Peng wrote to Tunku Abdul Rahman offering to resume negotiations. This was rejected by Rahman in a broadcast on 2 April.

In April 1957, Hor Lung, a Politburo member in charge of the Southern operations of the MPLA since 1953, was bribed to surrender to the security forces.

By July 1957, about 30,000 square miles (approximately 78,000 km²) out of Malaya's total area of 50,850 square miles (approximately 130,000 km²) had been declared by the government as 'White Areas' – areas where the MPLA had essentially been eliminated and the Emergency Regulations withdrawn. In August 1957, Kuala Lumpur and district were declared 'White'. By mid 1958 the MPLA existed mainly in Perak and the Southern part of Johore. By early 1959 the MPLA was active only around the Thai border.

Meanwhile, on 31 August 1957, Malaya became independent from Britain. Tunku Abdul Rahman became Prime Minister. The Director of Operations against the insurrection, however, remained a British General, namely Lieutenant-General Archibald Cassels.

On 31 July 1960 the government formally declared that the 'Emergency' was over. However, Emergency restrictions remained in place in the area near the Thailand border.

Post-1960 period
In the mid 1960s the US State Department estimated the party membership to be approximately 2000.

The Communist guerrilla force, with a strength of about 500, continued to subsist on either side of the Thailand border. Meanwhile, Chin Peng and other cadre in China had limited contact with the jungle bases. From 1969 they launched a radio station in Hunan called "Suara Revolusi Malaya" (Voice of the Malayan Revolution), broadcasting to supporters in Malaysia and Singapore. This was shut down in 1981 at the request of Deng Xiaoping.

Also in 1969, in response to the intensification of the Vietnam War and the Cultural Revolution in China, the party stepped up armed struggle. In 1970, however, the bases in Thailand were convulsed by the trials and executions of supposed spies.

Two breakaway factions, namely the Communist Party of Malaya/Marxist-Leninist and the Communist Party of Malaya/Revolutionary Faction, formed in opposition to the purges in the early 1970s.

Chin Peng subsequently denied involvement and rehabilitated his accused comrades. In 1983, the two breakaway factions merged to form the short-lived Communist Party of Malaysia, which surrendered in 1987.

In 1989, the CPM itself finally laid down its arms. On 2 December, at the town of Had Yai in Southern Thailand, Chin Peng, Rashid Maidin, and Abdullah CD met with representatives of the Malaysian and Thai governments. Separate peace agreements were signed between the CPM and both governments.

MCP manifestos
From time to time the MCP released policy statements or manifestos to the public.

 * 1940. Manifesto calling for expulsion of British imperialism.
 * February 1943. Anti-Japanese Programme (nine points).
 * 27 August 1945. Eight Point Manifesto. Generally moderate; the only demands objected to by the British were those for an elected assembly and a wide franchise. It "expressed the hope" (Cheah's words) that the British would consider granting self-government to Malaya.
 * 7 November 1945. MCP put six proposals to the BMA. At least one of them went beyond 27 August points: a demand for self-government. This included asking that Malaya be allowed to control its own national defence and foreign relations. Other demands were for less government interference with freedom of speech, publication and assembly, increases of wages, and an end to restrictions on trade, travel and transportation.

MCP newspapers

 * Charn Yew Pau (‘Combattants' Friend’). Published for the MPAJA Ex-Service Comrades.
 * MCP Review. Was active in at least May 1948, when it carried a feature on the 'Peasants Struggle in Perak'.
 * Min Pao. Published in Seremban. It was closed by the government in 1946.
 * Min Sheng Pau. Has been called the 'voice of the MCP'. It was Malaya's largest Chinese-language daily newspaper. In early June 1948 it tried to move its printing machinery and newsprint into the jungle. It was the MCP's largest financial asset on the peninsula. Its editor, Liew Yit Fan, was arrested 9 June 1948 for sedition.
 * Sin Min Chu ('New Democracy'). Founded late 1945 or early 1946.

Prominent members

 * Chin Peng. Secretary-General from 1947 to his death in 2013.
 * Yeung Kwo. Deputy General Secretary from 1947 till his death in 1956. Played a large role in the investigation against Lai Teck.
 * Lee An Tong. Successor of Yeung Kwo as Deputy Secretary General. Elected as member of Central Executive Committee in 1946.
 * Chang Ling-Yun. CPM leader based in Beijing from 1953 - 1964. Secretary of the North Malayan Bureau of the Malayan Communist Party from 1964 - 1989.
 * Lai Teck (Loi Tak). Secretary-General from 1939 to 1947. British and Japanese triple agent.
 * Wahi Annuar (Anwar). Took to the forests at the beginning of the emergency. Was a leader in the MPLA 10th Regiment. Surrendered in February 1950.
 * R. G. Balan. Was in MPAJA. Attended Empire Communist Conference in London. Organised the Perak Rubber Labourers Union after his return from the Conference (c. 1948). It was a rival to John Emmanuel's government-sponsored faction of the Perak Estates Employees Union. Balan's union was very active from the beginning of 1948 until the emergency was declared. Balan was arrested 30 or 31 May 1948.
 * Abdullah CD. Also in the Malay Nationalist Party (MNP). Went into the jungle when the emergency was instituted. Became CPM chairman. One of the three MCP signatories at Hat Yai, 1989. He lived beyond his 100th birthday.
 * Shamsiah Fakeh. the leader of Angkatan Wanita Sedar (AWAS), Malaysia's first nationalist women's organisation and a prominent Malay leader of the Communist Party of Malaya.
 * Suriani Abdullah. Member of Perak State organisation and wife of Abdullah CD. In November 1945, she defended Lai Teck against rumours of disloyalty.
 * S. A. Ganapathy. Before World War II, he was a member of the Indian Communist Party, Malaya. During the period of Japanese rule, he joined the Indian National Army (INA). While in the INA he resumed his Communist affiliation and late in the War was arrested by the Japanese for Communist propagandising. After the War, he became President of the Pan Malayan General Labour Union (PMGLU), and President of the Pan Malayan Federation of Trade Unions (PMFTU). At the beginning of the emergency, he joined the guerrilla. He was arrested in May 1949 and hanged for possession of a pistol.
 * Lau Mah. Aliases: Ah Chung, Chin Wei Seong. Secretary of MPAJA 5th Regiment, Perak, in at least 1945. Member of the MCP Central Executive Committee. Killed by security forces in Perak, December 1949.
 * Lau Yew (Liu Yau). Probably the MCP's most skilled military commander. Chairman of the Central Military Committee of the MPAJA. President of the MPAJA Ex-Service Comrades Association. Head of the MPABA. Killed by government forces in Selangor, 16 July 1948.
 * Lee Soong (Lee Siong). MCP representative at the Calcutta Youth Conference, 1948.
 * Liew Yit Fan. Political Secretary of MPAJA 2nd Regiment. 'Open' representative of MCP in mid-1947. Editor of Min Sheng Pao, the largest Chinese-language newspaper in the Federation. Arrested on 9 June 1948 for sedition.
 * Lin Ah Liang. Head of the Singapore branch of the MCP in at least 1946.
 * Chen Tien. Head of the MCP's Central Propaganda Department and a representative of MCP during the Baling Talks
 * Abdul Rashid bin Maidin. Attended the 'Empire' communist conference in London. May have met Ahmad Boestaman in May and early June 1948 to plan an insurrection to begin in 1950. Arrested at the beginning of the emergency but sprung from a camp in Malacca. One of the three MCP signatories at Hat Yai, 1989.
 * Soon Kwong. General Secretary of the Selangor MPAJU. He was arrested on 12 October 1945 and charged with extortion committed on 10 September 1945. His arrest, and to a lesser extent that of several MPAJA and MPAJU officials before that, prompted a large anti-government demonstration.
 * Wu Tien Wang. MCP representative on the British-convoked Singapore Advisory Council, 1945.
 * Eu Chooi Yip: A brilliant graduate of Raffles College, he was the key leader of MCP (Singapore). Was the superior of "The Plen" (Fong Chong Pik)
 * Fong Chong Pik: One of the key leaders of CPM (Singapore)
 * Kamarulzaman Teh: former leader of Angkatan Pemuda Insaf (API) who fought the Japanese during the Japanese Occupation in Malaya.
 * Mohd Yatim Ayob: former communist fighter at Kg. Bharu, Telaga Nenas, Manjung, Perak.
 * Mohd Yatim Ayob: former communist fighter at Kg. Bharu, Telaga Nenas, Manjung, Perak.

title: Malayan Communist Party


text: Category:Mountain ranges of Colorado

title: Category:Mountain ranges of Colorado


text:
Jefferson Park, Los Angeles

Jefferson Park is a neighborhood in the South Los Angeles region of the City of Los Angeles, California. There are fourteen Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments in the neighborhood, and in 1987, the 1923 Spanish Colonial Revival Jefferson Branch Library was added to the National Register of Historic Places. A portion of the neighborhood is a designated Historic Preservation Overlay Zone (HPOZ).

History
In the early 1800s, the area that would become Jefferson Park was partly within the Rancho Las Cienegas and partly within the common lands surrounding the pueblo. The area remained farmland into the 1900s. (One of the original farmhouses, the Starr Dairy Farmhouse, still remains in the community.)

By 1903, there were trolley cars running down Jefferson and Adams Boulevard. With easy access to downtown, Jefferson Park became a desirable place to build a home. Developed from 1905 to 1920, Jefferson Park grew to approximately 2500 homes spread over 50 square blocks. Centered along Jefferson Boulevard, the neighborhood is home to Craftsman bungalows, brick warehouses, colorful wall murals and small storefronts. After the 1948 Supreme Court ruling that banned racial covenants on property - Shelley v. Kraemer - many of Jefferson Park's white residents left the neighborhood, in turn being replaced by upper-middle and upper-class African-Americans.

Jefferson Park also saw an influx of Creoles of color in the post-World War II period. The resulting area was dubbed "Little New Orleans" and contained a number of Creole-owned businesses such as the Big Loaf Bakery and Harold and Belle’s, an upscale Creole restaurant.

In September 1998, the Jefferson Park Gateway Monument was unveiled at the corner of Crenshaw Boulevard and Jefferson Boulevard. According to then-councilman Nate Holden, the project was a sign of the ongoing revitalization of the area.

In 2005, the Star Dairy Farmhouse was condemned by the city as a nuisance. Built in 1887, it had fallen into disrepair. After years of restoration, in 2014 it received a preservation award from the Los Angeles Conservancy. The Conservancy stated: "The farmhouse is now the oldest remaining house in the West Adams neighborhood of Jefferson Park, and the last link to the area’s agricultural history."

In 2014, the Los Angeles Times reported that "once-struggling neighborhoods"like Jefferson Park were now experiencing soaring home prices as young professionals were purchasing the American Craftsman homes in the community and new shops and restaurants were opening up.

Geography
According to the city of Los Angeles and the Los Angeles Times, Jefferson Park is bounded by Adams Boulevard on the north, Exposition Boulevard on the south, Crenshaw Boulevard on the west and Western Avenue on the east. Jefferson Park is bounded by West Adams, West Adams Terrace, Adams-Normandie, Crenshaw, University Park, Leimert Park, and Exposition Park neighborhoods, as well as the greater USC campus.

It was designated an official city neighborhood in 1988, with then-mayor Tom Bradley attending the event. Neighborhood signs are installed along Jefferson Boulevard and Exposition Boulevard.

Historic Preservation Overlay Zone
The Jefferson Park Historic Preservation Overlay Zone (HPOZ) was adopted by the Los Angeles City Council in 2011. The preservation plan offers guidelines for both commercial and residential structures in the community. The HPOZ does not cover the entire Jefferson Park neighborhood.

The HPOZ is bounded by Adams Boulevard on the north, 7th Avenue on the west, Exposition Boulevard on the south (from Crenshaw Boulevard to Arlington Avenue), and Jefferson Boulevard on the south (from Arlington Avenue to Western Avenue). Street signs in the area have an additional sign to indicate that the street is part of the HPOZ area.

2000
A total of 23,130 people lived in the neighborhood's 1.42 square miles, according to the 2000 U.S. census—averaging 16,300 people per square mile, among the highest population density in the city as a whole. The median age was 31, about the same as the rest of the city.

Within the neighborhood, African Americans made up 46.8% of the population, with Latinos 44.9%, Asian 2.9%, non-Hispanic Whites 2.7% and others 2.7%. Mexico and El Salvador were the most common places of birth for the 32.7% of the residents who were born abroad, considered an average percentage of foreign-born when compared with the city or county as a whole.

In 2000, there were 1,365 families headed by single parents, or 26.6%, a rate that was high for the county and the city.

2008
The median household income in 2008 dollars was $32,654. The average household size of 2.8 people was about the same as the rest of the city. Renters occupied 69.5% of the housing units, and homeowners occupied the rest.

Jefferson Park residents aged 25 and older holding a four-year degree amounted to 11.8% of the population in 2000, considered low when compared with the city and the county as a whole; the percentage of residents aged 25 and older with a high school diploma was also considered low.

2022
According to USC's 'Neighborhood Data for Social Change', the median household income in 2022 was $58,440. Residential structures occupy 90.26% of the neighborhood, while commercial structures only occupy 4.04% of the area. 30.39% of the population are home-owners, while 69.61% are renters. 2.02% are veterans.

Historic-Cultural Monuments

 * Westminster Presbyterian Church, 2230 W. Jefferson Blvd. Designated Historic-Cultural Monument 229 on June 11, 1980
 * Walker Mansion, 3300 W Adams Boulevard. Designated Historic-Cultural Monument 419 on March 3, 1989
 * Wells-Halliday Mansion, 2146 W. Adams Blvd. Designated Historic-Cultural Monument 458 on November 3, 1989
 * Briggs Residence, 3734 W Adams Boulevard. Designated Historic-Cultural Monument 477 on January 30, 1990
 * Guasti Villa/Busby Berkeley Estate, 3500 W Adams Boulevard. Designated Historic-Cultural Monument 478 on January 30, 1990
 * Dr. Grandville MacGowan Home, 3726 W. Adams Blvd. Designated Historic-Cultural Monument 479 on January 30, 1990
 * Lycurgus Lindsay Mansion, 3424 W. Adams Blvd. Designated Historic-Cultural Monument 496 on May 30, 1990
 * Korean Independence Memorial Building, 1368 W. Jefferson Blvd. Designated Historic-Cultural Monument 548 on October 2, 1991
 * Denker Estate, 3820 W. Adams Blvd. Designated Historic-Cultural Monument 591 on March 8, 1994
 * Betty Hill House, 1655 W. 37th Pl. Designated Historic-Cultural Monument 791 on April 13, 2005
 * Joseph L. Starr Farmhouse, 2801 S. Arlington Ave. Designated Historic-Cultural Monument 865 on April 11, 2007. Built in 1887, it received a Los Angeles Conservancy Preservation Award in 2014.
 * Glen Lukens Home and Studio. Designed by pioneering mid-century Modernist Raphael Soriano for ceramicist Glen Lukens. Designated Historic-Cultural Monument 866 on April 11, 2007
 * Hauerwaas Kusayanagi Residence, 3741 W 27th Street Designated Historic-Cultural Monument 990 on October 27, 2010
 * Paul Revere Williams home, 1271 W 35th Street. Designated Historic-Cultural Monument 1253 on February 16, 2022.

Landmarks and attractions

 * Trinity Baptist Church, 2040 W. Jefferson Boulevard. Originally located at 36th and Normandie, it moved to its present location in 1948.  The master plan for the church was designed by noted African-American architect Paul Williams.
 * Westminster Presbyterian Church, 2230 West Jefferson Boulevard. Established in 1904, is one of the oldest African-American Presbyterian churches in California.

Parks and Libraries

 * Leslie N. Shaw Park, 2250 West Jefferson Boulevard.
 * Jefferson-Vassie D. Wright Memorial Branch Library, 2211 W. Jefferson Boulevard. In 1987, the Jefferson branch library was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Education
LAUSD has three schools within the Jefferson Park boundaries:

 * Mid City Magnet - 3150 West Adams Boulevard
 * Celerity Nascent Charter - 3417 West Jefferson Boulevard
 * Sixth Avenue Elementary - 3109 Sixth Avenue

Transportation

 * The Metro E Line has two stations in Jefferson Park, both along Jefferson Boulevard: Expo/Crenshaw station and Expo/Western station. As of October 7, 2022, the Expo/Crenshaw station serves as a transfer point between the E Line and the Metro K Line.
 * Metro Local bus routes 14, 35, 37, 38, 207 and 209 also servers Jefferson Park.

Notable people

 * Hattie McDaniel, actress, the first African-American to win an Academy Award, 2173 W. 31st Street.
 * Eric Dolphy, 1593 W 36th Street
 * Paul Revere Williams, 1271 W 35th Street
 * Betty Hill

title: Jefferson Park, Los Angeles


text: User talk:64.82.221.85

title: User talk:64.82.221.85


text:
Talk:Kuala Lumpur Sentral station

untitled
The station doesn't house a STAR LRT line, in fact it doesn't come quite close to Brickfields to begin with. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 219.93.174.110 (talk • contribs) 02:22, April 24, 2005 (UTC)

KL Sentral map
I thought giving it a frame and making it slightly smaller would make it tidier.Slleong 07:43, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

KL Sentral or Sentral Station?
Do you reckon this article talks about the Sentral station, rather than the KL Sentral Complex? KL Sentral consists of the Sentral station (LRT+intercity+KL CAT), the Suasana Sentral kondominium, the Sentral office building and a few others? Maybe we should expand and change our lead section to include all these (i.e. KL Sentral is an integrated complex consisting of.....) or change the article to be called Stesen Sentral or Sentral station. Please enlighten me about this... --Zack2007 13:42, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes. Maybe there should also be a separate article for Stesen Sentral Kuala Lumpur or Kuala Lumpur Sentral Station. It is the largest station in the country and deserve an article on its own. Im not sure though if the whole complex (Kuala Lumpur Sentral) deserve its own article. kawaputra tok2me 06:06, 27 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I would like to revive the discussion on whether there should be separate articles for KL Sentral as a location/development, and another for Kuala Lumpur Sentral railway station to focus specifically on the transit facilities within KL Sentral. Similar to Kowloon Station which is separate from the Elements shopping centre, both of which are in the same building. There are many other examples. There should also be a separate article for the Kuala Lumpur Sentral Monorail station as it is outside the KL Sentral location, just as the Muzium Negara MRT station has a separate page although it is linked with a pedestrian link to KL Sentral.Slleong (talk) 05:35, 26 October 2017 (UTC)

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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 17:23, 2 October 2021 (UTC)
 * KL Sentral at Night.jpg

title: Talk:Kuala Lumpur Sentral station


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Weak sauce

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 09:33, May 2, 2005 (UTC)

Weak sauce
This is a dictionary definition, not an encyclopedia article; also, it's not in very common usage--5600 google hits, but none of the top 10 are relevant to this usage. Delete. Meelar (talk) 07:23, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, a dicdef, a semi-neologism at that, and one I've never even heard of. Master Thief Garrett 07:39, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, neologism below the bar of notability. It's use is questionable. Oliver Keenan 09:59, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I've heard the phrase, and most of the top Google hits do refer to the definition listed in the article.  The first person whom I heard use it was a Texan, and one of the UrbanDictionary entries claims that the phrase originated at Baylor University, so it may be relatively regional.  However, it's still a dicdef, and I don't think it can really be expanded beyond stub level.NatusRoma 20:38, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, neologism, dictionary definition. Megan1967 03:34, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Dictdef. It may have a place on the Wiktionary, though; it's found itself out of Texas and into online gaming. A Man In Black 07:27, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Delete. ... Kidding, kidding. Regular Delete. Dicdef. Nestea 00:13, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Wiktionary. I googled for the phrase in quotes, and found a number of sites using that usage.  Delete here. Notthe9 04:51, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: Category:Mountain ranges of Wyoming

title: Category:Mountain ranges of Wyoming


text:
Flinders Ranges Council

The Flinders Ranges Council is a local government area (LGA) located in the Flinders Ranges of South Australia.

The LGA is approximately 100 km from north to south, and 45 km from east to west, with a total area of 4,198 square kilometres.

The main towns within the council are Hawker and Quorn; it also includes the localities of Barndioota, Kanyaka and Stephenston, and part of Bruce, Cradock, Flinders Ranges, Moockra, Saltia, Shaggy Ridge, Wilmington and Yarrah.

It was created on 1 January 1997 following the merger of the District Council of Kanyaka-Quorn and the District Council of Hawker.

The LGA adjoins the following to the south - City of Port Augusta, District Council of Mount Remarkable and District Council of Orroroo Carrieton, while the remainder of the adjoining land is within the unincorporated area of South Australia where municipal services are provided by the Outback Communities Authority.

The Flinders Ranges Council is entirely in the state electorate of Giles and the federal Division of Grey.

Council
The Flinders Ranges Council has a directly elected Mayor. The last Mayoral election was completed in November 2022 with Mayor Anderson, defeating the incumbent Mayor Flint with 426 votes to 307.

Previous Mayor's of The Flinders Ranges Council

1997-2010 Mr Max McHugh

2010-2020 Mr Peter Slattery

2021-2022 Mr Greg Flint

The current Chief Executive Officer of The Flinders Ranges Council is Sean Holden.

Previous CEO's of The Flinders Ranges Council

1997-2002 Mr D A Cearns

2002-2004 Mr R D Walsh

2004-2009 Mr L E Connors

2009-2019 Mr C J Davies

2020-2023 Mr E J Brown

title: Flinders Ranges Council


text:
Orry-Kelly

Orry-Kelly was the professional name of Orry George Kelly (31 December 1897 – 27 February 1964), an Australian-American Hollywood costume designer. Until being overtaken by Catherine Martin in 2014, he was the most prolific Australian-born Oscar winner, having won three Academy Awards for Best Costume Design.

Early life
Orry-Kelly was born in Kiama, New South Wales, Australia, and was known as Jack Kelly. His father William Kelly was born on the Isle of Man and was a gentleman tailor in Kiama. Orry was a name of an ancient king of the Isle of Man. Orry-Kelly was sent to Sydney at age 17 to study banking, and there he developed his interest in theatre.

Move to the U.S.
Orry-Kelly journeyed to New York City to pursue an acting career and shared an apartment in Greenwich Village with Charles Phelps (also known as Charlie Spangles) and Cary Grant, with whom, he wrote, he had an on-again, off-again relationship until the 1930s. A job painting murals in a nightclub led to his employment by Fox East Coast studios illustrating titles. He designed costumes and sets for Broadway's Shubert Revues and George White's Scandals. He served with the United States Army Air Corps during World War II until being discharged for alcohol problems.

Hollywood
After moving to Hollywood in 1932, Orry-Kelly was hired by Warner Bros. as their chief costume designer and he remained there until 1944. He was encouraged to hyphenate his name for film credits in order to appear more exotic. Later, his designs were also seen in films at Universal, RKO, 20th Century Fox, and MGM studios. He won three Academy Awards for Best Costume Design (for An American in Paris, Les Girls, and Some Like It Hot) and was nominated for a fourth (for Gypsy). In addition to his film work he was also a portrait artist and was permitted to undertake private commissions for gowns and ready-to-wear dresses.

Orry-Kelly worked on many films now considered classics, including 42nd Street, The Maltese Falcon, Casablanca, Arsenic and Old Lace, Harvey, Oklahoma!, Auntie Mame, and Some Like It Hot. He designed for all the great actresses of the day, including Bette Davis, Kay Francis, Ruth Chatterton, Marilyn Monroe, Olivia de Havilland, Katharine Hepburn, Dolores del Río, Ava Gardner, Ann Sheridan, Barbara Stanwyck, and Merle Oberon.

Orry-Kelly was known for his ability to "design for distraction" to compensate for difficult figure shapes. When he was assigned to films with Kay Francis, they would dissect her parts. She would be dressed in opposition to the role, with the traditional femme fatale or manipulative character in frills and the honest heroine in a tailored, classic suit. Orry-Kelly also applied this aesthetic in the creation of gowns for a number of Bette Davis's characters. He also created clothes for the cross-dressing characters played by Tony Curtis and Jack Lemmon in Some Like It Hot. His skill is shown by the fact that while Some Like It Hot was in production, Curtis and Lemmon would go into the ladies' room after eating lunch without being spotted as men. He wrote that when he finished draping Dolores del Río in white jersey, "she became a Greek goddess ... she was incredibly beautiful". The elegant clothes he designed for Bergman's character in Casablanca have been described as "pitch perfect".

In addition to designing, Kelly wrote a column, "Hollywood Fashion Parade", for the International News Service, owned by William Randolph Hearst, during the years of World War II. Kelly's memoirs, entitled Women I've Undressed were discovered in the care of a relative, as a result of publicity surrounding Gillian Armstrong's 2015 documentary on Kelly, Women He's Undressed. The memoir was published for the first time in 2015.

Death
A longtime alcoholic, Orry-Kelly died of liver cancer in Hollywood in 1964 at the age of 66 and was interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Hollywood Hills. His pallbearers included Cary Grant, Tony Curtis, Billy Wilder and George Cukor and his eulogy was read by Jack L. Warner. He had no living relatives when he died; his personal effects and Academy Awards were stored by Ann Warner, wife of his friend and former boss, Jack. The Oscars were among the items in an exhibition entitled Orry-Kelly: Dressing Hollywood, at the Australian Centre for the Moving Image in August 2015.

Costume design credits

 * The Match King (1932)
 * Frisco Jenny (1932)
 * 20,000 Years in Sing Sing (1932)
 * Central Park (1932)
 * Silver Dollar (1932)
 * I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang (1932)
 * You Said a Mouthful (1932)
 * They Call It Sin (1932)
 * Scarlet Dawn (1932)
 * Three on a Match (1932)
 * The Cabin in the Cotton (1932)
 * The Crash (1932)
 * One Way Passage (1932)
 * Tiger Shark (1932)
 * Life Begins (1932)
 * Two Against the World (1932)
 * Crooner (1932)
 * Winner Take All (1932)
 * The Rich Are Always with Us (1932)
 * So Big! (1932)
 * The Working Man (1933)
 * Lady Killer (1933)
 * Son of a Sailor (1933)
 * Convention City (1933)
 * The House on 56th Street (1933)
 * Havana Widows (1933)
 * Female (1933)
 * College Coach (1933)
 * The Kennel Murder Case (1933)
 * Goodbye Again (1933)
 * Captured! (1933)
 * Voltaire (1933)
 * Mary Stevens, M.D. (1933)
 * She Had to Say Yes (1933)
 * The Narrow Corner (1933)
 * Baby Face (1933)
 * The Mayor of Hell (1933)
 * Heroes for Sale AKA Breadline (1933)
 * The Life of Jimmy Dolan (1933)
 * Private Detective 62 (1933)
 * The Silk Express (1933)
 * Gold Diggers of 1933 (1933)
 * Ex-Lady (1933)
 * Lilly Turner (1933)
 * Picture Snatcher (1933)
 * Elmer, the Great (1933)
 * The Adopted Father (1933)
 * Central Airport (1933)
 * The Little Giant (1933)
 * The Mind Reader (1933)
 * The Keyhole (1933)
 * Girl Missing (1933)
 * Blondie Johnson (1933)
 * Grand Slam (1933)
 * Mystery of the Wax Museum (1933)
 * Ladies They Talk About (1933)
 * 42nd Street (1933)
 * Hard to Handle (1933)
 * Parachute Jumper (1933)
 * Employees' Entrance (1933)
 * The King's Vacation (1933)
 * Lawyer Man (1933)
 * Heat Lightning (1934)
 * Wonder Bar (1934)
 * As the Earth Turns (1934)
 * Fashion Follies (1934)
 * Fashions of 1934 (1934)
 * Mandalay (1934)
 * Dark Hazard (1934)
 * I've Got Your Number (1934)
 * Bedside (1934)
 * Hi, Nellie! (1934)
 * Massacre (1934)
 * Easy to Love (1934)
 * The Big Shakedown (1934)
 * Sweet Adeline (1934)
 * I Sell Anything (1934)
 * Murder in the Clouds (1934)
 * The Secret Bride (1934)
 * Babbitt (1934)
 * Flirtation Walk (1934)
 * I Am a Thief (1934)
 * Gentlemen Are Born (1934)
 * Big Hearted Herbert (1934)
 * The Firebird (1934)
 * The St. Louis Kid (1934)
 * Happiness Ahead (1934)
 * Kansas City Princess (1934)
 * Madame Du Barry (1934)
 * A Lost Lady (1934)
 * The Case of the Howling Dog (1934)
 * British Agent (1934)
 * Desirable (1934)
 * The Dragon Murder Case (1934)
 * Dames (1934)
 * Side Streets (1934)
 * Housewife (1934)
 * The Personality Kid (1934)
 * Friends of Mr. Sweeney (1934)
 * A Very Honorable Guy (1934)
 * Midnight Alibi (1934)
 * Return of the Terror (1934)
 * Here Comes the Navy (1934)
 * Dr. Monica (1934)
 * The Circus Clown (1934)
 * Fog Over Frisco (1934)
 * The Key (1934)
 * The Merry Frinks (1934)
 * Smarty (1934)
 * He Was Her Man (1934)
 * Merry Wives of Reno (1934)
 * Upperworld (1934)
 * Twenty Million Sweethearts (1934)
 * Harold Teen (1934)
 * Registered Nurse (1934)
 * A Modern Hero (1934)
 * Gambling Lady (1934)
 * Jimmy the Gent (1934)
 * Journal of a Crime (1934)
 * Stars Over Broadway (1935)
 * The Payoff (1935)
 * I Found Stella Parish (1935)
 * Shipmates Forever (1935)
 * Personal Maid's Secret (1935)
 * I Live for Love (1935)
 * The Goose and the Gander (1935)
 * Little Big Shot (1935)
 * Page Miss Glory (1935)
 * Going Highbrow (1935)
 * We're in the Money (1935)
 * The Irish in Us (1935)
 * Bright Lights (1935)
 * Broadway Gondolier (1935)
 * Stranded (1935)
 * Oil for the Lamps of China (1935)
 * The Girl from 10th Avenue (1935)
 * In Caliente (1935)
 * Go into Your Dance (1935)
 * The Case of the Curious Bride (1935)
 * The Florentine Dagger (1935)
 * Traveling Saleslady (1935)
 * Gold Diggers of 1935 (1935)
 * Living on Velvet (1935)
 * While the Patient Slept (1935)
 * The Right to Live (1935)
 * The Woman in Red (1935)
 * Devil Dogs of the Air (1935)
 * Bordertown (1935)
 * Maybe It's Love (1935)
 * The White Cockatoo (1935)
 * Dangerous (1935)
 * The Widow from Monte Carlo (1935)
 * Broadway Hostess (1935)
 * Miss Pacific Fleet (1935)
 * Frisco Kid (1935)
 * Gold Diggers of 1937 (1936)
 * Three Men on a Horse (1936)
 * Here Comes Carter (1936)
 * Polo Joe (1936)
 * Isle of Fury (1936)
 * Cain and Mabel (1936)
 * Give Me Your Heart (1936)
 * Stage Struck (1936)
 * China Clipper (1936)
 * Jailbreak (1936)
 * Satan Met a Lady (1936)
 * The White Angel (1936)
 * Hearts Divided (1936)
 * Murder by an Aristocrat (1936)
 * The Golden Arrow (1936)
 * The Law in Her Hands (1936)
 * Sons o' Guns (1936)
 * The Gentleman from Big Bend (1936)
 * I Married a Doctor (1936)
 * The Singing Kid (1936)
 * Snowed Under (1936)
 * Colleen (1936)
 * The Walking Dead (1936)
 * The Petrified Forest (1936)
 * Freshman Love (1936)
 * Ceiling Zero (1936)
 * Hollywood Hotel (1937)
 * First Lady (1937)
 * It's Love I'm After (1937)
 * That Certain Woman (1937)
 * Confession (1937)
 * The Singing Marine (1937)
 * Ever Since Eve (1937)
 * Another Dawn (1937)
 * Kid Galahad (1937)
 * The Go Getter (1937)
 * Call It a Day (1937)
 * Marked Woman (1937)
 * Grand Passion (1937)
 * Green Light (1937)
 * Stolen Holiday (1937)
 * Tovarich (1937)
 * Comet Over Broadway (1938)
 * Angels with Dirty Faces (1938)
 * The Sisters (1938)
 * Secrets of an Actress (1938)
 * Four Daughters (1938)
 * All Rights Reserved (1938)
 * My Bill (1938)
 * Women Are Like That (1938)
 * Jezebel (1938)
 * On Your Toes (1939)
 * The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex (1939)
 * The Old Maid (1939)
 * When Tomorrow Comes (1939)
 * Indianapolis Speedway (1939)
 * Juarez (1939)
 * Dark Victory (1939)
 * Women in the Wind (1939)
 * The Oklahoma Kid (1939)
 * Wings of the Navy (1939)
 * King of the Underworld (1939)
 * The Letter (1940)
 * A Dispatch from Reuters (1940)
 * No Time for Comedy (1940)
 * My Love Came Back (1940)
 * All This, and Heaven Too (1940)
 * The Sea Hawk (1940)
 * 'Til We Meet Again (1940)
 * Virginia City (1940)
 * The Maltese Falcon (1941)
 * The Little Foxes (1941)
 * The Bride Came C.O.D. (1941)
 * Throwing a Party (1941 short)
 * Million Dollar Baby (1941)
 * Affectionately Yours (1941)
 * The Great Lie (1941)
 * The Lady and the Lug (1941 short)
 * The Strawberry Blonde (1941)
 * Honeymoon for Three (1941)
 * Casablanca (1942)
 * George Washington Slept Here (1942)
 * Now, Voyager (1942)
 * In This Our Life (1942)
 * Murder in the Big House (1942)
 * Always in My Heart (1942)
 * Kings Row (1942)
 * Wild Bill Hickok Rides (1942)
 * The Man Who Came to Dinner (1942)
 * Old Acquaintance (1943)
 * Princess O'Rourke (1943)
 * Watch on the Rhine (1943)
 * This Is the Army (1943)
 * Mission to Moscow (1943)
 * Edge of Darkness (1943)
 * The Hard Way (1943)
 * Arsenic and Old Lace (1944)
 * Mr. Skeffington (1944)
 * The Adventures of Mark Twain (1944)
 * The Dolly Sisters (1945)
 * Conflict (1945)
 * The Corn Is Green (1945)
 * Temptation (1946)
 * London Town (1946)
 * A Stolen Life (1946)
 * Mother Wore Tights (1947)
 * Something in the Wind (1947)
 * Ivy (1947)
 * The Shocking Miss Pilgrim (1947)
 * Rogues' Regiment (1948)
 * Larceny (1948)
 * For the Love of Mary (1948)
 * One Touch of Venus (1948)
 * Berlin Express (1948)
 * A Woman's Vengeance (1948)
 * Night Song (1948)
 * Undertow (1949)
 * Once More, My Darling (1949)
 * Johnny Stool Pigeon (1949)
 * Take One False Step (1949)
 * The Lady Gambles (1949)
 * Caught (1949)
 * Family Honeymoon (1949)
 * Harvey (1950)
 * South Sea Sinner (1950)
 * Deported (1950)
 * One Way Street (1950)
 * Woman in Hiding (1950)
 * An American in Paris (1951)
 * Under the Gun (1951)
 * The Star (1952)
 * Pat and Mike (1952)
 * The Lady Says No (1952)
 * Oklahoma! (1955)
 * Auntie Mame (1958)
 * Wonderful Town (1958 television film)
 * Too Much, Too Soon (1958)
 * Les Girls (1957)
 * Some Like It Hot (1959)
 * The Hanging Tree (1959)
 * A Majority of One (1961)
 * Two for the Seesaw (1962)
 * Gypsy (1962)
 * The Chapman Report (1962)
 * Five Finger Exercise (1962)
 * Sweet Bird of Youth (1962)
 * Sunday in New York (1963)
 * Irma la Douce (1963)
 * In the Cool of the Day (1963)

title: Orry-Kelly


text: Category:Mountain ranges of Montana

title: Category:Mountain ranges of Montana


text:
Gunning

Gunning or Gunnin' can refer to:

Places

 * Gunning, New South Wales, Australia, a town on the Old Hume Highway

People with the surname Gunning

 * Anne Gunning (1929–1990), Irish fashion model
 * Ashleigh Gunning (born 1985), American soccer player
 * Brian Gunning, Australian biologist
 * Carmel Gunning, traditional Irish musician
 * Charles Gunning (disambiguation), several people
 * Christopher Gunning (1944-2023), British composer
 * Dave Gunning, Canadian folk singer-songwriter
 * Elizabeth Gunning (disambiguation), several people
 * Gavin Gunning (born 1991), Irish footballer
 * Sir George Gunning, 2nd Baronet (1763–1823), English politician
 * Harry Gunning (1916–2002), Canadian scientist and administrator
 * Henry Gunning (disambiguation), several people
 * Hy Gunning (1888–1975), American baseball baseman
 * J. W. B. Gunning (Jan Willem Boudewijn Gunning, 1860–1913), South African zoologist, grandfather of Christopher Gunning
 * Jessica Gunning, British actress
 * Jimmy Gunning (1929–1993), Scottish footballer
 * John Gunning (disambiguation), several people
 * John W. Gunning (1847–1910), American politician and businessman
 * Ken Gunning (1914–1991), American basketball player and college coach
 * Lisa Gunning, English film editor, director and writer
 * Lucille C. Gunning (1921-2018), American pediatrician
 * Lucy Gunning (born 1964), English filmmaker, installation artist, sculptor, video artist and lecturer
 * Maria Gunning, later Maria Coventry, Countess of Coventry (1733–1760), English noblewoman
 * Louise Gunning (1879–1960), American soprano singer
 * Megan Gunning (born 1992), Canadian freestyle skier
 * Michael Gunning (born 1994), Jamaican swimmer
 * Oliver Gunning (born 1996), Irish cricketer
 * Peter Gunning (1614–1684), English royalist church leader
 * Piet Gunning (1913–1967), Dutch field hockey player
 * Quirijn Gunning (born 1991), Dutch international cricketer
 * Rich Gunning (born 1966), American voice actor
 * Robert Gunning (disambiguation), several people
 * Rosemary R. Gunning (1905–1997), New York assemblywoman
 * Sarah Ogan Gunning (1910–1983), American singer and songwriter
 * Susannah Gunning (c.1740–1800), British novelist
 * Thomas P. Gunning (1882–1943), American dentist and politician
 * Tom Gunning (1862–1931), American baseball catcher
 * William Gunning (1796–1860), Archdeacon of Bath (from 1852)
 * William Gunning (Gaelic footballer) (1864–1895), Irish Gaelic footballer

Baronetcy

 * Gunning baronets

People with the given name Gunning

 * Gunning Bedford Sr. (1742-1797), American lawyer and Governor of Delaware
 * Gunning Bedford Jr. (1747-1812), American lawyer and Continental Congressman
 * Gunning S. Bedford (1806-1870), US physician

Other uses

 * Gunning fog index, measure of readability
 * Gunning transceiver logic, low voltage electronic signalling

title: Gunning


text:
User:Audreyallison

Born July 7, 1986 @ Vancouver Grace Hospital. Painter, Solicitor and Survivor. ÆÐELÞRYÐ

title: User:Audreyallison


text:
WNIA

WNIA may refer to:

 * WNIA (FM), a radio station (89.1 FM) licensed to Tarboro, North Carolina, United States
 * WECK, a radio station (1230 AM) licensed to Cheektowaga, New York, which held the call sign WNIA from 1956 to 1979
 * Women's National Indian Association

title: WNIA


text:
User talk:Audreyallison

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 07:30, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Audreyallison


text:
Women's National Indian Association

The Women's National Indian Association (WNIA) was founded in 1879 by a group of American women, including educators and activists Mary Bonney and Amelia Stone Quinton. Bonney and Quinton united in the 1880s against the encroachment of white settlers on land set aside for Native Americans in Indian Territory. They drew up a petition that addressed the binding obligation of treaties between the United States and Native American nations. The petition was circulated for signature in sixteen states and was presented to President Rutherford B. Hayes at the White House and in the U.S. House of Representatives in 1880. The Association changed its name to National Indian Association, and was voluntarily dissolved in 1951.

History
Concerned about European-American encroachment on lands reserved for tribes in Indian Territory, Mary Bonney and Amelia Stone Quinton gathered signatures for petitions to demonstrate support among American people to honor the treaties made with tribes by the United States. They submitted the first such petition to the President and Congress in 1880. and Initially The Association first began as a petition drive to persuade Congress to uphold Indian treaties. Initially founded in 1879 in reaction to the prospect of opening Oklahoma Indian Territory to white settlement, additional branches quickly expanded in the 1880s. At its peak the Association supported 98 branch organizations in 28 states and sustained 56 missions on Indian reservations.

The first crusade was a five-year mission devoted to gaining political rights for Indians to vote as United States citizens. Soon, chapters in sixteen states participated in the movement.

In 1882, the male-dominated Indian Rights Association commandeered the lobbying functions of the Association. In response to this, the Association shifted toward a "maternalist" approach and focused on missionary work. The missionary efforts included tasks such as home building, hospital, and educational work on the reservations.

Bonney retired from the presidency of the WNIA in November 1884; she was succeeded by Mary Lowe Dickinson, who was elected to the office. In 1887, Anna Stone Quinton was unanimously elected president in 1887.

The Association underwent several name changes, first named the Central Indian Committee (1879), switching to the Indian Treaty-Keeping and Protective Association (1881-1882), then the Women's National Indian Association (1882-1901). That year they took the name of National Indian Association (1901). The Association was voluntarily dissolved in 1951 due to funding cuts and policy shifts.

Goals of the movement
The Association's aims were to gain assimilation of American Indians into mainstream society, including to encourage their becoming Christian. It maintained missions, produced several publications, and influenced national policy, including the passing of the Dawes Act in 1887. Its main objectives were to assimilate Indians through Christian education and missionary work, and abolish the reservation system.

Quinton described the Association's foundation as a "united effort to move our government to grant a legal status to Indians, the protection of law, lands in severalty, and education." She wrote a pamphlet that criticized the greed of settlers and the unfaithfulness of the United States government toward Indians. Quinton explained the work of the WNIA as "the work of informing the public of the needs, capabilities, and progress of our native Indians, and also it is the work of moving the Government, by direct appeals, to render just to help them."

The WNIA focused on reservation-based communities located west of the Mississippi River. It also supported missions among the Seminole in Florida and the Chiricahua prisoners of war confined in Alabama. During the next decade, the WNIA battled local, state, and federal officials to secure land for them. The WNIA did not believe that the Indian peoples should govern themselves independently but that they should be included in United States mainstream society.

In response to the "maternalist" approach taken by the WNIA, the women tried to teach Native American women about middle-class, European-American practices and roles. They provided materials and resources to enable the women to conform to these "new gendered expectations." Children were taught to read and write in English in mission schools. Mothers were to be taught to make "comfortable and attractive homes" and "cook the foods of civilizations," and both women and children were taught "redeeming Christian truths."

Legislative influence
The Association supported passage of the Dawes Act in 1887. This provided for the allotment of communal reservation land to individual households of tribal members, in order to extinguish Indian land rights in Indian Territory. This was required in order for the territory, together with Oklahoma Territory, to be admitted as a state. In addition, giving households individual plots of land to farm was seen as key to producing subsistence farmers. The Act also granted Indians US (and state) citizenship. It would enable them to vote, but also made them subject to state and federal taxes.

While many of the Association's members considered the Dawes Act an achievement, they did not realize the adverse effects it would have for many Indians. During the subsequent decades, the Five Civilized Tribes lost 90 million acres of former communal lands, which were sold to non-Natives. Many Indians were unfamiliar with land ownership and were targeted by criminals, losing their already small plots of land. Furthermore, the Dawes Act complicated the social structures of the tribes and contributed to their decline in later years.

title: Women's National Indian Association


text:
Monday Begins on Saturday

Monday Begins on Saturday (Понедельник начинается в субботу) is a 1965 satirical science fantasy novel by Soviet writers Boris and Arkady Strugatsky, with illustrations by Yevgeniy Migunov. Set in a fictional town in northwestern Russia, where research in magic occurs, the novel is a satire of Soviet scientific research institutes. It offers an idealistic view of the scientific work ethic, as reflected in the title which suggests that the scientists' weekends are nonexistent. Their idealism is contrasted by inept bureaucrats and a dishonest, show-horse professor.

The "Scientific Research Institute of Sorcery and Wizardry" (or, in Andrew Bromfield's 2002 translation "the National Institute for the Technology of Witchcraft and Thaumaturgy", abbreviated to "NITWITT"), located in the fictional Northern Russian town of Solovets, is portrayed as a place where everyone either works diligently, or else their loss of honesty is symbolized by their ears becoming more and more hairy. These hairy-eared people are viewed with disdain by the idealistic scientists. The more morally backward specimens are the most self-aggrandizing and sure of their own significance, while conducting the more ridiculous and nonsensical pseudo-research, to justify their position.

It has a sequel, Tale of the Troika, a much more grotesque satire, which describes Soviet bureaucracy at its worst and features many of the same characters.

Characters and events
The novel is written from the point of view of Aleksandr Ivanovich Privalov (usually called Sasha), a young programmer from Leningrad, who picks up two hitchhikers during a road trip north through Karelia. After the two find out that he is a programmer, they convince him to stay in Solovets and work together with them in the Scientific Research Institute of Sorcery and Wizardry (abbreviated NIIChaVo in Russian, which sounds very close to "Ничего", the word for "nothing").

The book contains a large number of references to well-known Russian fairy tales and children's stories: Baba Yaga makes an appearance as do Zmey Gorynych and the Learned Cat from Pushkin's "Ruslan and Lyudmila", who turns out to be a slightly demented bard. Some figures from lore and history also appear, such as genies and Cain. The authors portray these persons and concepts (such as magic) either as objects of scientific inquiry or members of the institute. Merlin, for example, is described as an incompetent boaster and is in charge of the institute's Department of Predictions. The Technical Helpdesk is headed by one Sabaoth Baalovich Odin, also described as the most powerful wizard in the universe, while the vivarium is staffed by Alfred, a vampire.

The novel is remarkable for its colorful characters. For example, Cristóbal Josevich Junta was formerly a Grand Inquisitor, and is now the head of the Department of the Meaning of Life. He is also a talented taxidermist. It is rumored that his collection includes a Standartenführer of the SS, an erstwhile friend of Junta's and also a taxidermist. Cristóbal Josevich, so goes the rumor, was equally skilled, only faster. Fyodor Simeonovich Kivrin, the head of the Department of Linear Happiness, is a stuttering big guy, an eternal optimist, an apprentice programmer, a fan of Erle Stanley Gardner, and a mentor of sorts to Privalov. Modest Matveevich Kamnoedov (whose surname translates to "stone-eater") is an archetypal administrator and bureaucrat who does not understand the "Monday begins on Saturday" work ethic. On New Year's Eve, he directs Privalov to turn off the lights and lock all doors, but Privalov soon finds out that everyone is still at the Institute and research continues. For example, the archetypically rude Viktor Korneev (usually called Vitka) claims to have left his clone to work in his lab, which Privalov recognizes to be Korneev himself, because clones never sing or show any emotion.

Much of the action centers on the laboratory of Amvrosiy Ambroisovich Vybegallo (roughly "one who runs out", a fictional surname based on ancient Polish-Lithuanian names like Jagiello), a professor whose gargantuan experiments are spectacularly wasteful and crowd-pleasing but utterly unscientific. In his quest for an "ideal man" he creates a model of "partially satisfied man" (allusion to Soviet dogma that under Communism all people will be perfect and will have all their needs satisfied, and that Soviet socialism is an intermediate state on the path to full Communism) which eats inordinate amounts of raw offal achieving ever shortening periods of lethargic "full satisfaction", until it begins eating without ever stopping and eventually bursts, literally. On a New Year's Day Vybegallo hatches up his ultimate creation, a "model of a completely satisfied man" who can instantly satisfy all of his wants. Immediately upon hatching the model attempts to consume the whole universe, but Roman Oyra-Oyra manages to stop him by throwing at him a genie in a bottle, clear allusion to a Molotov cocktail. Vybegallo is modeled in large part on Trofim Lysenko, the charlatan and politico responsible for many setbacks in the science of genetics in USSR.

The final part of the book solves the mystery of Janus Poluektovich Nevstruev, the director of the institute, who is known to be one man in two personas, called A-Janus and U-Janus.

Translations
The first English translation was published by DAW Books in 1977.

In August 2005, Seagull Publishing, London, published a translation by Andrew Bromfield titled Monday Starts on Saturday (ISBN 978-0954336820). The publisher described it as "the Russian equivalent of Harry Potter, written 40 years earlier". The book features illustrations by Evgeny Migunov, one of the best illustrators of the works of the Strugatsky brothers.

Puns and hints

 * The Russian language abbreviation for the institute, NIICHAVO, sounds like a colloquial pronunciation for the word "nichevo" ("it doesn't matter" or "nothing"). In the English translation by Andrew Bromfield, the name of the institute has been translated as NITWITT (National Institute for the Technology of Witchcraft and Thaumaturgy).
 * The place of "Solovets" hints at Solovetsky Islands, with their historical and mythological associations.
 * "A-Janus and U-Janus" is a hint to Janus Bifrons. In Russian, the word "litso" means both "person" and "face" (hint to Janus).
 * Vybegallo with his pseudo-commoner appearance and radical pseudoscientific ideas is a hint to Trofim Lysenko.

Adaptations and influence

 * In 1965, a TV play was staged, based on the book.
 *  Charodei (Sorcerers) TV film (1982) was initially written by Strugatskys as adaptation of the second part of the novel. But director Konstantin Bromberg turned down the script due to its serious tone and social commentary, and the Strugatskys had to rewrite their script as a light-hearted romantic comedy. As a result, the movie bore almost no resemblance to the book besides the similar setting and several characters' names.
 * In 2015, Teterin Films studio has obtained the rights to adaptation, with plans to release a feature film based on the book. As of 2018, the project was still in development hell.
 * The song "Allegry" from the album Коварство и любовь (альбом) by the Soviet rock band Agatha Christie was taken from the novel, which is, in its turn, taken from the book Creativity of the mentally ill and its influence on the development of science, art and technology by Russian psychiatrist Pavel Karpov.

title: Monday Begins on Saturday


text:
Talk:Broadcasting House

Merge
Does this article need to be merged with the main article BBC? Svest 07:34, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)

Probably not. I know this is an old comment, but I'm still answering your question either way. I think this article is notable enough to stand alone. --WikiFanaticTalk Contribs 1:11, 28 Sep 2005 (CDT)

No. The building itself is a notable structure and its design is of general architectural interest, as well as being interesting for the fact that it's one of the earliest structures designed specifically for sound studios. Cjs (talk) 07:10, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

Neutral POV
Are we sure this is a neautral POV article? ''A modern mind can't fully comprehend how miraculous and transformative Radio was in the early 20th century. The architecture of Broadcasting House reflects those intense early attitudes about Radio, Progress and Science.'' That doesn't sound wholly neautral to me. --Silex 12:48, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Internal Links Added
I have added Internal Links to this article. Kathleen.wright5 08:20, 13 September 2007 (UTC)
 * And I've RVed them - as I've said elsewhere - many seem unnecessary & just toooo many redlinks created!
 * Please don't create redlinks (look here) or link every other common word in articles..... Zir 20:35, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

Underground Platform
Does the article really need this speculative section on it? The only reference is to a website that concludes that there is no real hard evidence of it's existence. KlickingKarl (talk) 13:11, 5 May 2009 (UTC)

The myth of the link to the Underground is debunked in Mark Hines excellent book - The Story of Broadcasting House http://www.markhines.co.uk/projectDetails.asp?projectid=24 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.194.38.213 (talk) 10:36, 18 May 2009 (UTC)

I agree this is not really needed. The speculation generally comes from a stairway which led down from the old World War Two air shelter, called the "Stronghold". This was under the extension and wasted much of the space below ground as the rooms were too small and the walls too think to do anything with it except use it for minor store rooms and echo chambers. In fact, the stairway led to a sewage pump which serviced the male and female lavatories which the stronghold had, should staff have to remain there for long periods. It might be worth while mentioning the Stronghold, only in that it was quite a major task to demolish it when BHX was knocked down. Stephen.redburn (talk) 15:13, 5 February 2010 (UTC)

Building Design
The original building was not completed to its designed extent before the war. There was to be a wing roughly over the bunker, an extension of the façade, designed by the original architect, which is detailed in this book: London's secret Tubes 979-1854142831 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.240.231.55 (talk) 22:56, 28 January 2011 (UTC)

Actually, it was completed to the original design; at the time it was designed it wasn't even thought that the whole building would be used. The extension you describe was just that, an extension planned later. It was only after the building was occupied that it was realized that the BBC was growing far faster than anticipated. See for details. Cjs (talk) 07:19, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

Restructuring 2011-05-12
I have just finished restructuring the page so that it contains more information and so that the parts about the renovation make sense, as before some were confusing as to what was occuring where. I hope i have cleared it up.

Please feel free to change what i have done, however i have tried to do it as best i can.

all information from the following sources. It doesn't citate everywhere due to time restrictions: http://www.bbc.co.uk/broadcastinghouse/aboutthebuilding/present.html instead.
 * http://www.bbc.co.uk/broadcastinghouse/index.shtml - This now links to a 404 error, I recommend using
 * http://www.bbc.co.uk/historyofthebbc/collections/buildings/broadcasting_house.shtml

Regards --Rafmarham (talk) 20:44, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

Broadcasting House Room 101
This entry states that George Orwell based his Room 101 in "1984" on a conference room in Broadcasting House, yet under the entry for Bush House, where Orwell worked during WW2, it states that Room 101 is there. These two statements cannot both be right, but they may both be wrong.

Sean O'Connell - sean_oconnell@mail.com 24.86.164.186 (talk) 21:08, 3 August 2012 (UTC)

Ironic art work
Considering that almost all the BBC's presenters from the 60s and 70s are eventually going to be banged up for being sex cases, shouldn't it be noted that the writing been on the wall for the BBC since its headquarters opened in the 1920s? Quite literally in fact because the exterior statues were designed by Eric Gill, a most glorious British Establishment pervert who often raped his daughters while reciting the passages from the Bible, however it has never been clarified whether he did this when he also sodomised his pet dog, too!! 86.160.191.67 (talk) 10:54, 18 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Although you do make a genuine point (that Eric Gill was a well-known sex offender) I'm not entirely sure what you aim to achieve by wrapping it up in the way you have. Do you want this information put on the page? Or are you just venting a fairly obvious contempt for the BBC? In either case, this talk page is somewhere to discuss the article in question, and not post idle gossip or speculation as you have done. Similarly, opinions should never be apparent in a Wikipedia article, and your statement that "the writing has been on the wall for the BBC" is purely opinion. All available facts at the moment show that (although the BBC may be in a bad way) it's not about to shut up shop altogether. Aw16 (talk) 12:28, 18 May 2013 (UTC)

Title of page
Everyone in the media is referring to the new building as "New Broadcasting House", yet the Wikipedia page with that title refers to the BBC's former north-west of England headquarters. Shouldn't the main reference be to this page? 82.33.37.238 (talk) 09:05, 8 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Very good point. I suggest the page for the Manchester building be renamed "New Broadcating House (Manchester)" and that "New Broadcasting House" become a redirect to this article. -- Alarics (talk) 09:20, 8 June 2013 (UTC)
 * ✅. Has the building been officially renamed though? If so it would seem more sensible to retitle this page and set up "Broadcasting House" as the redirect. GDBarry (talk) 08:25, 12 June 2013 (UTC)
 * It looks as if Broadcasting House is still the official name. The BBC itself refers to "the new Broadcasting House" (with a small n) but also, at the same time, just to Broadcasting House. See http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2013/the-queen-opens-nbh.html. I have the impression that "New Broadcasting House", if it is the official title of anything, perhaps means just the new part of the building. I think we had better leave this article title unchanged.  -- Alarics (talk) 08:59, 12 June 2013 (UTC)

Thanks. I've added a sentence to the introduction to clarify this. GDBarry (talk) 09:33, 12 June 2013 (UTC)

Registered Office
Although this is the BBC HQ building, it is not the registered office. As a check with Companies House will confirm, as a body incorporated by Royal Charter rather than a registered company, the concept of 'registered office' does not apply to the BBC. Mauls (talk) 21:41, 8 December 2013 (UTC)

Cycle parking?
Trying to find out if the site has cycle parking facilities. Nothing on the BBCs own web site and no obvious contact point. If someone knows could it be added here? New marinheiro (talk) 14:44, 18 June 2015 (UTC)

Leaning tower of Langham Place?
The photo being used, while very 'artistic', doesn't fulfil images should look like what they are meant to illustrate. Broadcasting House wasn't leaning backwards last time I was there! ps it is also used on Langham Place.Pincrete (talk) 19:05, 23 August 2015 (UTC)

What you're seeing is an optical illusion due to the angle at which the photograph was taken and the nature of the camera used to take it. Yes, it would be nice if someone would get in there with a view camera capable of correcting the parallax problem and take a less distorted photo. However, until then, this seems the best we've got. Cjs (talk) 07:25, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just added archive links to 3 one external links on Broadcasting House. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070613223230/http://www.bbc.co.uk:80/pressoffice/keyfacts/stories/broadcasting_house.shtml to http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/keyfacts/stories/broadcasting_house.shtml
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080630002921/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/archivehour/pip/agm6l/ to http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/archivehour/pip/agm6l/

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External links modified
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I have just added archive links to 4 one external links on Broadcasting House. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20121118050840/http://www.bbc.co.uk:80/pressoffice/keyfacts/stories/bh_development.shtml to http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/keyfacts/stories/bh_development.shtml
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20160209111025/http://www.bbc.co.uk/broadcastinghouse/ to http://www.bbc.co.uk/broadcastinghouse/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120703033350/http://www.bbc.co.uk:80/broadcastinghouse/bh_story/bh_future.shtml to http://www.bbc.co.uk/broadcastinghouse/bh_story/bh_future.shtml

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070613223230/http://www.bbc.co.uk:80/pressoffice/keyfacts/stories/broadcasting_house.shtml to http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/keyfacts/stories/broadcasting_house.shtml

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Film
Mention the film Murder at broadcasting house? Jakescows (talk) 22:25, 27 April 2018 (UTC)

Bombing during WWII?
I am not an expert here (my contributions are usually corrections and sources) but I thought something should be noted in this article about the bombing of Broadcast House during the war and the decision to paint its exterior in camoflouge (albeit, not very well), since it was considered a German target. It seems wrong not to include the sorrow involved with the building. The article is here. MagnoliaSouth (talk) 00:05, 18 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Broadcasting House


text: Category:Mountain ranges of Idaho

title: Category:Mountain ranges of Idaho