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Dortmund Airport

Dortmund Airport is a minor international airport located 10 km east of Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia. It serves the eastern Rhine-Ruhr area, the largest urban agglomeration in Germany, and is mainly used for low-cost and leisure charter flights. In 2023 the airport served nearly 3 million passengers. The nearest major international airport is Düsseldorf Airport approx. 70 km to the southwest.

Early years
The airport, originally located in the suburb of Brackel, was first served by commercial flights in 1925 by Aero Lloyd, which operated flights to Paris. By the business year 1927/1928, service had expanded to 2,589 commercial flights annually. During World War II the airport was used as a German air base, and was subsequently used by the British Royal Air Force. Service to Dortmund was not recommenced when German commercial air service was restarted in 1955. In 1960, the civil airfield was relocated to Dortmund-Wickede. The old airport was abandoned and occupied by British forces until the 1990s.

Little service
Over the next decades Düsseldorf Airport and Cologne Bonn Airport were the dominant commercial airports in the Rhine-Ruhr Area. Additionally Hannover Airport also covered some of the air travel needs of this region. Furthermore, the 257-km (160-mile) Sauerlandlinie opened in the late 1960s, connecting Dortmund with Frankfurt Airport in under two hours by car.

Commercial service was restored in 1979 with daily flights to Munich by Reise- und Industrieflug. Nuremberg and Stuttgart followed shortly afterwards. Following German Reunification in 1990, Dresden, Leipzig, Berlin, and London were added to the flight schedule. Reise- und Industrieflug and Nürnberger Flugdienst merged in 1990 and Eurowings was formed, which is still based in Dortmund.

Construction was started in 1998, and completed in 2000 on a new replacement terminal. This multi-level terminal prepared the airport for its resurgence.

Resurgence
From late 2000 onwards, Dortmund Airport has experienced a drastic increase in air traffic. In the 1990s weekly service had been generally restricted to a few turboprop flights to destinations within Germany, as well as occasional charter flights to warm-weather destinations. Since 2000, several new airlines have commenced service to Dortmund, many with mainline jets. Most of the air traffic today is by low cost airlines operating Boeing 737 or Airbus A320 family series aircraft to warm-weather destinations and business centres.

The first mass carrier at Dortmund Airport was Air Berlin, which began flights to London, Milan, and Vienna in 2002, supplementing its leisure routes to the Mediterranean. easyJet made Dortmund a hub in 2004, and Germanwings followed in 2007. Air Berlin ceased most non-leisure routes from Dortmund in 2005, but easyJet has taken over in this role. However, easyJet cancelled four of five destinations in 2012. To this day the relatively popular London-Luton route is the only one served by easyJet.

Since 2006 it has been carrying the name "Dortmund Airport 21", in reference to the fact that Dortmund's utility company, DSW21, is its major shareholder. The airport's master plan consists of the following elements: Increasing normal operating hours by one hour at night (to 23:00h), with an additional one-hour window in the morning and at night for exceptions, lengthening the runway to 2800 m, expanding the terminal and its infrastructure, improving the motorway connections and directly connecting the airport to mass transit.

In October 2014, Air Berlin announced it was leaving Dortmund Airport entirely, cancelling their last remaining summer seasonal route to Palma de Mallorca. The airline had shut down several leisure routes from the airport in 2012.

As with easyJet in the 2000s, other low-cost carriers started opening routes from Dortmund Airport. Ryanair has progressively added new routes from Dortmund, mostly to destinations around the Mediterranean and the UK. At one point, Spanish low-cost airline Vueling offered flights to Barcelona, but they have been discontinued despite strong demand. However, Wizz Air has been the most significant contributor to the airport's resurgence. The Hungarian low-cost airline began servicing the airport in the mid 2000s by operating several routes to Eastern Europe, in large parts due to the Ruhr's significant Slavic community. In June 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, Wizzair announced that Dortmund Airport would become its 33rd base, the first in Germany. However, a year later, Wizz Air announced the closure of their Dortmund base which led to the termination of few routes.

Airlines and destinations
The following airlines offer regular scheduled and charter flights at Dortmund Airport:

To Dortmund and the Ruhr area
Dortmund Airport is served by an express bus to Dortmund main station, a shuttle bus to the nearby railway station Holzwickede/Dortmund Flughafen, a bus to the city's metro line U47, as well as a bus to the city of Unna.

To Düsseldorf
There are two possibilities to go to Düsseldorf main station:
 * Heading to Dortmund main station by the AirportExpress bus (or taking bus line 490 to Aplerbeck and then metro line U47). The direct connection from Dortmund central station to Düsseldorf is operated by frequent regional and long-distance trains.
 * Catching the AirportShuttle bus to nearby Holzwickede station. The shuttle bus leaves every 20 minutes in front of the terminal building. From Holzwickede station taking the RE 13 (Maas-Wupper-Express) towards Venlo. The train runs once every hour and provides a direct connection to Düsseldorf, the travel time is approx. 60 minutes.

Other facilities
At one time Eurowings had its headquarters, the Dortmund Administrative Center (Verwaltungsstandort Dortmund), at the airport. It has been relocated to Düsseldorf in 2010.

Accidents and incidents

 * On the evening of November 20, 1985, a private Cessna 421 coming from Vienna crashed about 1 kilometer short of the runway while attempting to land in bad weather. All four occupants were killed.
 * On 3 January 2010, Air Berlin Flight 2450, operated by a Boeing 737-800 (D-ABKF) overran the end of the runway after an aborted take-off at high speed due to an airspeed discrepancy on the two pilots' instruments. There were no injuries among the 171 people on board.
 * On 5 December 2022, a Ryanair Boeing 737 landing at Dortmund Airport overran the end of the runway, which was wet and slightly covered with snow. None of the 175 people on board were injured.

title: Dortmund Airport


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Surrealist Group in Stockholm

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. – Rich Farmbrough 23:26, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The Surrealist Group in Stockholm

 * Delete, Vanity,  Advertising and Spam.  A non-notable group that is no longer in existence. Note: This group does not provide any credible material to justify notability for an article on Wikipedia.Classicjupiter2 15:22, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * On what basis do you claim they are no longer in existence. You made it up, plain and simple.  --Daniel C. Boyer 17:45, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Keep (changed vote per Uppland below. Sorry for the over hasty decision. ) I live in Stockholm and I've certainly never heard of them, looks like vanity, fails to establish notability. --Halidecyphon 15:38, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- should be a special Speedy for surrealist groups. -- Cleduc 17:41, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This vote should be discounted as it betrays a prejudice against surrealism, or, at least, surrealist groups. --Daniel C. Boyer 17:45, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I am not prejudiced against surrealism (or flying mustard cats peeing antimatter). If you've been around VfD for a while, you see these Surrealist Groups a lot, and they're all vanity-vandalism. -- Cleduc 02:09, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. --Daniel C. Boyer 17:45, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * According to Mr. Boyer's note on my vote above, his vote should also be discounted because his user page shows he is an avid surrealist, and therefore prejudiced in favor of surrealism. Of course, votes don't work that way -- you don't have to justify them at all. -- Cleduc 02:16, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 *  Weak keep. I am Swedish and haven't heard of them either, but then there is no reason why I would have heard of every Swedish group of artists or writers. The group still appears to exist. The journal Stora saltet, published 1995-1998, can be verified from the catalogue of the Swedish Royal Library. According to their website, they still publish other stuff under their own imprint, and one member of the group, M. Forshage, has had a collection of poems published by Ellerströms, a small but prestigious Swedish publisher. / Uppland 18:00, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC) PS. See additional comments below:
 * Delete Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 18:54, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. I ahven't heard of them (I live in STockholm too) but I there are probably quite many notable groups in Stockholm that I never have heard of (hard to guess how many since I never have heard of them :)). This is group could be notable. Jeltz talk  19:42, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Surrealism is always notable. Klonimus 20:34, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * That's why there's an article on surrealism. This group, however, is not. Delete. -- 8^D gab 01:52, 2005 Apr 17 (UTC)
 * Cod Liver Oil Klonimus 05:06, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep, needs expansion. Slightly more notable (just) than many of the surrealist groups that have come up for vfd in the last few months. Megan1967 05:03, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Provisional keep Would be on more solid ground if any of the "notable" members were of demonstrated such, the article's links weren't all red, etc...  Alai 07:29, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment: Some additional results from the national library catalogue Libris of the Swedish Royal Library and from Swedish national and regional newspaper text databases:
 * Carl-Michael Edenborg is a critic, editor, translator, publisher and historian of ideas and literature. He has written two books:
 * Alkemins skam : den alkemiska traditionens utstötning ur offentligheten ("The shame of alchemy : expulsion of the alchemical tradition from the public sphere"). This was also his Ph.D. dissertation (Univ. of Stockholm 2002) and was awarded with the Paracelsus prize by the Swedish Paracelsus Society (for whatever that is worth).
 * Gull och mull: den monstruöse Gustaf Bonde, upplysningens fiende i frihetstidens Sverige : historien om hans exkrementalkemi, hans krets och värld : försedd med psykoanalytiska, Batailleska och historiematerialistiska reflexioner, samt ett utkast mot döden. (Lund : Ellerström, 1997) (On Gustaf Bonde, a 18th century Swedish politician who was also an alchemist.)
 * Edenborg has also edited and translated several other books, been a critic in the national newspaper Aftonbladet, and published articles in respected journals indexed by the Royal Library in their national library catalogue Libris. He owns an apparently somewhat controversial publishing company Vertigo.
 * Aase Berg (homepage) has published a few books and also written criticism for notable Swedish literary journals. She has published a couple of books with the Surrealist group's publishing company Surrealistförlaget and Edenborg's Vertigo, but has also had three books published by Bonnier, which is the largest and most prestigious publishing house in Sweden. She is or has been editor of BLM (Bonniers Litterära Magasin), a leading literary journal, and is a critic in daily paper Expressen.
 * Mattias Forshage has published a book of poetry, Angående näktergalarna man fann på glaciärisen ("Concerning the nightingales they found on the ice", Ellerströms, Lund 1998, - critics were leaning towards the negative) and has translated/edited other things, among them "Selected romantic fragments" by Friedrich Schlegel and other texts by Georges Bataille and Richard Huelsenbeck. Forshage seems to have been a naturalist for some time (judging from some of the content of his books) and is now apparently working on a Ph.D. in entomology.
 * Johannes Bergmark (homepage, CV discography) is a composer, musician, sound technician and instrument builder. He was apparently one of 16 persons covered in a book about young Swedish composers by Teddy Hultberg, SoundArt (2001), has been played on national Swedish radio, performed in various concerts, including festivals in London, New York etc. A number of CDs, but I can't judge the significance of these. Has collaborated with Edenborg back in the late 1980s.
 * Kajsa Bergh has illustrated a book published at Surrealistförlaget in 1988. No hits in newspaper texts.
 * Bruno Jacobs is a poet, editor and translator. Libris has seven titles, not all his alone. Only a few hits in newspaper texts. (BTW, Google shows that there are other many people with this name, including a Swiss classical scholar who seems noteworthy.)
 * H. Christian Werner has coedited books with Jacobs. No obviously relevant newspaper hits.

 * Conclusion: Although some of these people obviously must have have other day-jobs, as a group they seem to have a fairly large corpus of publications, many in collaboration with one another, and a decent presence in the culture sections of Swedish newspapers. Individually, Carl-Michael Edenborg and Aase Berg probably could deserve articles of their own, if somebody would bother writing them. I don't know what the Wikipedia music guidelines would say about Bergmark. / Uppland 10:06, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Added note on above conclusion: Excellent research Uppland! While it is a fact that these individuals' own accomplishements appear to justify an article on themselves, the issue here is, The Surrealist Group in Stockholm. Granted, each seperate member does have a history of accomplishments outside of this group, but again, the focus here is on the Stockhlom Group as a whole. Yes, Carl and Aase do deserve an article on their own merits, but not this group. This group's collective history does not provide enough credible material to justify an article, that is what must be considered.Classicjupiter2 15:56, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Verifiable artist groups belong in Wikipedia.--Gene_poole 01:13, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge from this VfD :) and Keep. Radiant_* 13:49, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. If we are to have articles about bands which are only notable because one or more of their members were notable (even at a later time), it seems unreasonable not to have an article about such a group as this, several of whose members are currently notable. And kudos to Uppland for his research. --Jonathan Christensen 14:50, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I have now posted articles on Aase Berg and Carl-Michael Edenborg. They can certainly be improved, and I hope someone more knowledgeable about the contemporary Swedish literary scene will come around to do so. / Uppland 16:44, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Remember, the issue here was not to dismiss the notability of the individual members. Each particular member is notable in their own right, but please remember the quality of the research when someone is going to study surrealism after 1966. Let me remind you all again, It is not the individual members that is being considered for VfD, but the article, The Surrealist Group in Stockholm. In your research, can you find enough solid, credible and notable material on The Stockhlom Surrealist Group? That is what I am asking. As for the various individual members own merits and contributions outside of this collective group, that is all great and I fully support any articles on Carl and Aase, but you need to convince me about this group as a whole. Where did they meet? Where did they exhibit their paintings and works, poetry, writings, pamphlets, etc.? Are there any newspaper articles, or any mention of them in any art media or literary media as, "The Surrealist Group in Stockholm"? Do you understand what I am asking? Again, are there any sources that are credible enough that provide information and material on and about, The Surrealist Group in Stockholm? Uppland, you did an excellent job in your research on the individual members, I need to see what you can find on this group as mentioned as, The Surrealist Group in Stockholm? Do you understand?Classicjupiter2 18:01, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Do I find articles which discuss the group as a whole under that name? Yes, I do. However, most articles which mention the group do it just as part of the description of the background of the individual members, as when an article from 2002 mentions that Aase Berg as new editor of BLM has brought with her the traditions from Stora saltet (the journal of the surrealist group) etc. I still think this makes the group significant. (The group appears to have been most active from the late 1980s through mid 1990s and the newspaper texts I have are more complete for later years.) BTW, I found another writer said to belong to the surrealist group, Maja Lundgren (not mentioned in the VfD'd article), a novelist who is also now published by Bonnier's (and who has had a novel translated into several languages and apparently nominated for the prestigious Italian prize Premio Bancarella). / Uppland 20:09, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Excellent research, Uppland. Is there any evidence that they are still active? I could be wrong (and I think that I am in this case) but I think they might have broken up in 1998, with various members going their seperate ways while accomplishing their above mentioned works. Now, the key here is to decide that since there exists a consensus to keep this article, how can we further establish the information about this group in a coherent and chronological manner that will help the student who is studying surrealism after 1966 and comes across this particular group? Uppland, I myself looked at their website, and it is beyond me how little information is on there, since its asserted that they were significant (I still want to debate that if you or anyone can produce more quality information on them, like you already have). You see, I need to know, specifically (and precisely), what newspapers, what media, what publications in Sweden or anywhere, specifically report on The Stockholm Surrealist Group or their publication, Stora saltet while they were active? Uppland, when you say, "an article from 2002 mentions that Aase Berg as new editor of BLM has brought with her the traditions from Stora saltet (the journal of the surrealist group) etc. I still think this makes the group significant", can you tell us is this from a newspaper account on Aase Berg that mentions her past activity in this group, and can this newspaper produce any information on this group? Did she say she was in this group? Granted, when a reporter or any writer is doing a piece on Aase, most likely they will contact her directly and ask her about her and her work (and her past) and get a statement from her, but we as encyclopedia researchers are of a different breed of investigative researchers, if Aase is mentioned in any newpaper account as being a past member of this group, is that all what we have to go on? Research is painstaking and at times often tedious but we must present quality information and facts to the world in this encylcopedia. So again, specifically, what newspapers in Sweden have reported on this group while they were active?Classicjupiter2 22:42, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Again, saying "while they were active" begs a question. On what basis do you claim they are no longer active?  --Daniel C. Boyer 18:21, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Daniel, you are a surrealist. Please tell us about this group?Classicjupiter2 00:00, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The admittedly rather superficial research I have done indicates that they are indeed not as active as a group as they were a few years ago (while some individual members are more outwardly visible), but the question here is obviously: why would this matter in any case? Are we to delete the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood or Der Blaue Reiter just because these groups aren't active anymore? / Uppland 19:51, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'll have to admit that I am out on a limb here, as I am not really familiar with the group or very familiar with contemporary Swedish literature in general. Nevertheless, I have tried to expand the article with the help of some newspaper articles, especially one by another writer who has followed the group from the outside almost since its beginning. There are some texts on their website which should also be used in order to describe the self-image of the group, but they are a bit less straightforward, so I have mostly left them outside for the time being. / Uppland 09:01, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The research that you have done has provided more quality information to help save this article. Again, the key issue here is information on and/or about this group, The Surrealist Group in Stockholm and their activity in Surrealism. There is good information on the various individual members of this group, their accomplishments, writings, etc.,etc., but we need to see more information on this group as a whole. I recommend to send an E-mail to an expert on Surrealism, Prof.Mary Ann Caws. She is an expert on surrealism and has written books on surrealism and I think she can lead us into a good direction into this particular group of ex-surrealists.Classicjupiter2 00:00, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I welcome anyone to do the research needed to make this into a featured article, but the article as it currently stands is already good enough for Wikipedia, and I have personally no intention to write a dissertation on the Stockholm surrealist group. Uppland 02:57, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I disagree. There is plenty of information on the individual members and their work outside of this group, and that really is not relevant to their work in Surrealism while they were active as The Stockholm Surrealist Group. I agree to keep the article, but there needs to be only relevant information on their work in Surrealism, not what they did after this group broke up.Classicjupiter2 03:18, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The point of VfD is just to decide whether an article is good enough to not be deleted, that's all. Further improvement should be discussed elsewhere. You are welcome to contact Prof. Caws, if you think she can help with that. Uppland 06:29, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * You are telling me something that I already know. I do not need to contact Prof.Mary Ann Caws, you do! In the meantime, there is a lot of information that you added to the article that needs to be taken out. If you are going to research Surrealism, then research Surrealism! Not what people have done after they abandoned Surrealism! The article is on The Stockholm Surrealist Group.Classicjupiter2 15:10, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep ~leif ☺ (talk) 18:49, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. We've seen bunches of these articles on such dime-a-dozen groups.  Postdlf 03:29, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Just the Ten of Us

Just the Ten of Us is an American sitcom starring stand-up comedian Bill Kirchenbauer as Coach Graham Lubbock, a teacher and the head of a large Catholic family with eight children living in Eureka, California. The series is a spin-off of Growing Pains, in which Kirchenbauer portrayed the same character on a recurring basis. As the series progressed, Coach Lubbock's four eldest daughters, the teenagers Marie (Heather Langenkamp), Cindy (Jamie Luner), Wendy (Brooke Theiss), and Connie (JoAnn Willette), became the primary focus of the show.

Just the Ten of Us aired on ABC starting with a trial run from April 26 to May 17, 1988. After the first four episodes in an abbreviated first season were aired, the show was renewed for two more seasons, eventually ending after 47 episodes on May 4, 1990. The show was a part of ABC's early TGIF programming block.

Synopsis
The series focuses on Graham Lubbock (Bill Kirchenbauer), a Catholic gym teacher who used to teach at the high school that Growing Pains characters Mike and Carol Seaver (Kirk Cameron and Tracey Gold) had attended on Long Island, and the father of eight children.

In the pilot episode (which aired on Growing Pains in the spring of 1988), Graham's job is in jeopardy due to district budget cutbacks. Mike leads a protest after he learns that Lubbock is trying to support a large family (including yet another baby on the way). Despite this, Graham loses his job but soon receives an offer at St. Augustine's Academy, an all-boys private Catholic school in Eureka, California. Graham and his pregnant wife Elizabeth promptly move their family to California.

By special arrangement, the older children — four teenage girls — were allowed to attend St. Augustine's, much to the chagrin of the school's administration (and, of course, the delight of the male students). They were:

 * Marie (Heather Langenkamp) – the oldest, most responsible, and most pious.
 * Cindy (Jamie Luner) – Wendy's older twin sister, and the most ditzy.
 * Wendy (Brooke Theiss) – Cindy's younger twin sister, and the most flirtatious.
 * Connie (JoAnn Willette) – the Bohemian, and also occasionally agnostic.

The younger children — two girls and two boys — were:

 * 11-year-old Graham, Jr. (Matt Shakman), familiarly known as "J.R."
 * eight-year-old Sherry (Heidi Zeigler)
 * toddler Harvey (Jason and Jeremy Korstjens)
 * infant Melissa – not yet born when the show began.

The first season consisted of four episodes for a trial run in the spring of 1988. ABC was pleased with their success and ordered a second season. In the second season, Cindy and Wendy seemed to switch personalities, with Cindy becoming more ditzy, and Wendy becoming the schemer. Also, the show focused more and more on the four older girls and frequently revolved around the family's efforts to save money, dating, and other typical family sitcom issues. In later episodes, the four teenage girls formed a singing group called "The Lubbock Babes" (partly to help bring in much-needed extra income). The girls had many boyfriends and love interests that Graham took great pride in testing—and in most cases, fending off—but the most permanent fixture among them was Marie's goofy boyfriend, Gavin Doosler (Evan Arnold).

Those on the St. Augustine's staff included Father Robert Hargis (Frank Bonner), the affable headmaster; Coach Duane Johnson (Dennis Haysbert), Graham's earnest young assistant during the first two seasons and pulled some strings with Father Hargis to hire Lubbock; and in the third season, featured teachers Father Budd (Lou Richards) and elderly, madcap Sister Ethel (Maxine Elliott).

Cast

 * Bill Kirchenbauer as Coach Graham T. Lubbock
 * Deborah Harmon as Elizabeth Lubbock
 * Heather Langenkamp as Marie Lubbock
 * Jamie Luner as Cynthia "Cindy" Lubbock
 * Brooke Theiss as Wendy Lubbock
 * JoAnn Willette as Constance Sarah "Connie" Lubbock
 * Matt Shakman as Graham "J.R." Lubbock, Jr.
 * Heidi Zeigler as Sherry Lubbock
 * Jason and Jeremy Korstjens as Harvey Lubbock
 * Frank Bonner as Father Frank Hargis, Headmaster of St. Augustine's Academy
 * Dennis Haysbert as Duane Johnson, Coach Lubbock's assistant (1988–1989)
 * Evan Arnold as Gavin Doosler
 * Lou Richards as Father Bud (1989–1990)
 * Maxine Elliott as Sister Ethel (1989–1990)

Ratings
A week after the series debuted on April 8, 1988, the show placed 7th in ratings. The second season garnered a total of 20.1 million viewers.

Syndication
USA Network picked up the entire series in reruns shortly after it was canceled, and aired the show on a daily basis until 1996.

title: Just the Ten of Us


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Talk:The Dunwich Horror

Untitled
there is a screenplay written by Richard Griffin (also wrote and directed "SEEPAGE, AKA Creature from the Hillbilly Lagoon'" and "Raving Maniacs, AKA Rave to the Grave")by the same name. It is in production to be made into a film.

I recognize that the summary here is woefully inadequete. I saw that there was no page for this, one of my favorite Lovecraft stories, and had to at least create a stub! --Writer@Large 15:25, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Regarding the Trivia statement "it is perhaps the only tale Lovecraft wrote where the heroes successfully defeat the antagonistic entity or monster of the story," what about The Case of Charles Dexter Ward? Dreams In the Witch-House also features the defeat of the main antagonist, although the protagonist is killed as well. 151.199.192.119 19:37, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I had exactly the same thought regarding CDW. I suppose it might be argued that Joseph Curwen wasn't an "entity or monster", although you could make a—IMO, successful—case for his being a moral monster.  Wooster (talk) 09:14, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Also "The Shunned House"--the one with the giant elbow in the basement. I'll bet there's more if we gave it some more thought. Nareek 21:40, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

While I'm thinking about it, why is the death of Wilbur's brother a "surrealistic satire [sic] of the Crucifixion"? I mean, I read that claim in the notes in a Penguin collection of Lovecraft shorts, and it didn't make sense when I read it there. (And yes, I'm a Christian, so I kind of know the Crucifixion scene quite well.) Further, isn't the word "parody", not "satire"? Wooster (talk) 12:24, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I'd like to see a citation of the Penguin notes--otherwise, the assertion regarding (in the article) regarding the Crucifixion seems like original research. I think it's an interesting observation, whether it's parody or a simple reference or just a coincidence (it hardly seems satirical, I agree). Silarius  —Preceding comment was added at 05:45, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

I find it hard to believe that Greenwich, Massachusetts, along with small towns of Enfield, and Prescott (all previously located in Hampshire County) and the village of Dana, aren't mentioned as inspiration for the Dunwich Horror! They were all flooded out years ago (but long after Lovecraft's stories) to form the Quabbin Reservior. Perhaps this cannot be verified in Lovecraft's letters? Although they fit the descriptions perfectly, and perhaps Lovecraft didn't want to admit as to making the rather unoriginal name switch from Greenwich to Dunwich? Its so poetically fitting that the inspiration for Dunwich should be under millions of gallons of water. When I'm at Quabbin I expect slimey fishmen to rise out of the water at any moment!!! Cuvtixo 18:23, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

The Quabbin and the Greenwich Horror (outside of Oakham)
I know this isn't a scholarly paper, but its convincing to me: From Donovan K. Loucks’ Personal Pages. http://www.getnet.com/~dloucks/personal/neo/neo0825.htm  ...If you’re wondering how this relates to Lovecraft, recall the plot of “The Colour Out of Space,” where a drinking water reservoir is planned for the city of Arkham. Also, the four main towns that were flooded by the Quabbin were Prescott, Enfield, Dana, and Greenwich. Some Lovecraftians believe that the names Dana and Greenwich were combined by Lovecraft into the name of the fictional town of Dunwich, although no direct evidence exists to support this. The Quabbin region also has a town to the west named Whately and another to the east named Oakham, the implications of which should be fairly obvious.

Can I cite some of this stuff from his web pages? http://www.getnet.com/~dloucks/personal/neo/ A New England Odyssey In August 1995, I went on my second Lovecraftian tour of New England. During that trip, I kept a daily travelogue and posted it both here and on the alt.horror.cthulhu newsgroup. Cuvtixo 19:16, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

Dunwich
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunwich

Most village names on the coast of Suffolk and Norfolk have a counterpart in Massachusetts because many settlers went from East Anglia to the New World. Dunwich fell into the sea and the bells of the churches can be heard at spring tide, according to legend. E. A. Poe's 'The City in the Sea' is possibly based on Dunwich. Poe went to school in England and visited the east coast. --Steve (talk) 17:07, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

I recall that Lovecraft used the name Dunwich because it was one of the English town names not used by settlers in New England but which did have that authentic place name air about it. I have been meaning to re-read his selected letters and will take notes if I find a ref. --Naaman Brown (talk) 18:48, 21 January 2015 (UTC)

Nice Page
I write a few literature pages on Wikipedia and I thought this was very well researched, very well crafted. Kudos to all of the editors, nice work.

Best Regards, the Botendaddy (talk) 01:24, 9 October 2009 (UTC)

Ouch
"...arrive and kill the monster with the knowledge and weapons needed to kill the monster..." Good overall, but this particular phrase is a real clunker that could stand restating.

Dr. Armitage's Credentials
I'm wondering what the source is for Dr. Armitage's education? The reason that I ask is that in the game Trail of Cthulhu, Page 206, the entry for him says that he went to Cambridge, so I thought I would bring that up here. Not saying that this is correct... Just asking. Pdarley (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 14:58, 5 November 2009 (UTC).

Incorrect Reference?
The link to the author of “The Thing in the Woods”, Harper Williams, takes you to a biography of a basket-ball player; it could be that he is also an author, but it isn’t in the information, and he’d appear to be a bit young, so my guess is that the link is in fact incorrect, although I can’t be certain… Also, I can’t find an article on an author of that name on Wikipedia to re-link to. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jock123 (talk • contribs) 17:03, 6 June 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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The Dunwich Horror and other Weird Tales
The Sandy Petersen article redlinks The Dunwich Horror and other Weird Tales (which was presumably some compilation of Lovecraft's work, with The Dunwich Horror as its headline item). I doubt that specific anthology is worthy of an article of its own, so we should resolve that redlink to some existing article. Should it link here? -- Finlay McWalter··–·Talk 09:07, 14 April 2020 (UTC)

Merge from Dunwich (Lovecraft)
What makes this fictional location notable? All I see are primary sources and few passing mentions, all at WP:PLOT level. I thought about AfD, but I think we could merge and redirect it to here instead of deletion. Thoughts? --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 04:58, 8 June 2020 (UTC)

 * Merge into Lovecraft Country I cannot find any reliable sources that discuss Dunwich as an independent location. The vast majority of sources discuss either the story or the wider concept of Lovecraftian New England. Furthermore, the Lovecraft Annual only has one article that discusses Dunwich as a location. Of course, that source would be better used elsewhere. ― Susmuffin Talk 00:30, 11 June 2020 (UTC)
 * What is your response? ― Susmuffin Talk 05:03, 4 July 2020 (UTC)
 * So you suggest merging to Lovecraft Country instead of here? It is an option, I am just a bit concerned whether Lovecraft Country is notable as a stand-alone topic. It is certainly "cool" but currently very undersourced and in-universe... --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 03:12, 5 July 2020 (UTC)
 * The main article on H. P. Lovecraft cites Will Murray's article about the subject. Murray later wrote a follow-up article. When looking for additional sources, I found that Dunwich has a brief entry in An H. P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia. The other cities appear to have their own sections. I also found an article on Kingsport. Furthermore, the Kingsport article cites another article titled "Arkham Country: In Rescue of the Lost Searchers". I think that there is enough content to justify an article on the settings of Lovecraft's stories. ― Susmuffin Talk 04:36, 5 July 2020 (UTC)
 * I found another article. It is on pages 19–29. ― Susmuffin Talk 14:09, 3 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I would like for us to keep a general article on Lovercraft setting as well, but for the discussion here, do we have the consensus on what to merge where? Of do you think that the merge should not happen? --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 03:16, 4 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I think a merge from Dunwich (Lovecraft) into Lovecraft Country makes sense. There are definitely some notable locations in Lovecraft's work (especially Arkham & Miskatonic University) but Dunwich isn't one of them. — Toughpigs (talk) 03:41, 4 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Fair enough. Btw, I'll propose a merger of Innsmouth in the same vein, please consider commenting. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 05:47, 4 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I support merging it with Lovecraft Country. I simply wanted to prove that the target article is notable. Furthermore, I would suggest merging everything except the popular culture and see also sections. ― Susmuffin Talk 09:38, 4 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Support merge to Lovecraft Country. --Lord Belbury (talk) 13:55, 22 April 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅ Klbrain (talk) 08:56, 10 July 2021 (UTC)

Infobox image
This is a bad choice. It makes no reference whatsoever to the subject of this article or even its author. The subject of this article is not Wierd Tales. Can anyone explain its value in this article's infobox? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 45.72.228.57 (talk) 00:12, 14 July 2020 (UTC)

It's the cover of the issue in which the story appeared. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:18D:57F:2380:B813:E842:43D4:4343 (talk) 12:35, 11 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Dunwich Horror


text:
Jill Arrington

Tiffany "Jill" Arrington (born July 27, 1972) is an American sportscaster and reporter. She previously was a sports anchor at KCBS and KCAL in Los Angeles for three years. Before that, she was in the same position at Fox Sports 1 and Fox SportsNet for five years, after being a sideline reporter on college football for ESPN during the 2004 college football season.

Career
After graduating from the University of Miami with a degree in broadcast journalism, Arrington began her broadcasting career as a producer on Main Floor and Real TV. She then entered the sports world as a sideline reporter for Fox Sports covering women's tennis and features for FOX NFL Sunday. She was also the co-host of FOX Sports' NFL Under the Helmet for one season. Arrington was the host of the Arena Football League's pregame show on TNN, as well as the sideline reporter for arena football games for three seasons. She then went to CBS Sports as the lead sideline reporter on the Southeastern Conference College Football and US Open Tennis tournament for four years, as well as feature reporter on The NFL Today show.

Arrington switched to ESPN for a year as the lead college football sideline reporter for primetime games and feature reporter on ESPN College Gameday. After taking some time off to raise her daughter, she returned to Fox Sports in 2010 as the host of FSN's Totally NASCAR, College Football Saturday Preview, Verizon NFL Mobile Updates on FOX NFL Sunday, FoxSportsFlash, and NFL Online OT. She was a sports anchor for FoxSports1's 3 Things to Know live sports news updates for two years, as well as co-host and feature reporter for FS1's America's Pregame. She was also a sports anchor in Los Angeles for the duopoly of KCBS/KCAL CBS2 television stations.

Arrington has appeared in endorsements for Zima and Nike, and has performed voice-over work for Madden NFL 2005.

title: Jill Arrington


text:
Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire

There has been a Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire almost continuously since the position was created by King Henry VIII in 1535. The only exception to this was the English Civil War and English Interregnum between 1643 and 1660 when there was no king to support the Lieutenancy. The following list consists of all known holders of the position: earlier records (prior to 1607) have been lost and so a complete list is not possible. Since 1702, all Lord Lieutenants have also been Custos Rotulorum of Buckinghamshire.

 * Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk 1545 (died 22 August 1545)
 * Unknown period 1545 – 1551
 * Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset 10 May 1551 – beheaded 22 January 1552
 * Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford 1552
 * William Parr, 1st Marquess of Northampton 1553 (attainted 1553)
 * Unknown period 1553 – 1559
 * Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk 1559
 * Unknown period 1559 – 1569
 * Arthur Grey, 14th Baron Grey de Wilton 1569
 * Unknown period 1569 – 1586
 * Arthur Grey, 14th Baron Grey de Wilton 12 September 1586 – 14 October 1593
 * Unknown period 1593 – 1607
 * Thomas Egerton, 1st Baron Ellesmere 22 December 1607 – 15 September 1616
 * George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham 16 September 1616 – assassinated 23 August 1628
 * Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke 28 September 1628 – 1641
 * Robert Dormer, 1st Earl of Carnarvon 2 June 1641 – 1643 (Royalist Lieutenant)
 * William Paget, 5th Baron Paget 1641 – May 1642 (Parliamentarian Lieutenant)
 * Philip Wharton, 4th Baron Wharton 1642 (Parliamentarian Lieutenant)
 * No Lord Lieutenant in place during English Civil War and English Interregnum
 * John Egerton, 2nd Earl of Bridgewater 23 July 1660 – 26 October 1686
 * John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater 26 November 1686 – 1687
 * George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys 12 November 1687 – 1689
 * John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater 4 April 1689 – 19 March 1701
 * Thomas Wharton, 5th Baron Wharton 23 January 1702 – 1702
 * William Cheyne, 2nd Viscount Newhaven 18 June 1702 – 1702
 * Scroop Egerton, 4th Earl of Bridgewater 14 January 1703 – 1711
 * Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent 1711 – 1712
 * William Cheyne, 2nd Viscount Newhaven 22 May 1712 – 1714
 * Scroop Egerton, 1st Duke of Bridgewater 8 December 1714 – 1728
 * Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham 23 February 1728 – 1738
 * Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough 26 January 1739 – 20 October 1758
 * Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple 15 January 1759 – 1763
 * Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer 16 May 1763 – 11 December 1781
 * Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl of Chesterfield 5 January 1782 – 1782
 * George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, 1st Marquess of Buckingham 8 April 1782 – 11 February 1813
 * Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos 9 March 1813 – 17 January 1839
 * Robert Carrington, 2nd Baron Carrington 1 February 1839 – 17 March 1868
 * Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos 23 July 1868 – 26 March 1889
 * Nathan Mayer Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild 20 May 1889 – 31 March 1915
 * Charles Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire 10 May 1915 – 1923
 * Thomas Fremantle, 3rd Baron Cottesloe 10 July 1923 – 1954
 * Sir Henry Aubrey-Fletcher, 6th Baronet 28 June 1954 – 1961
 * Sir Henry Floyd, 5th Baronet 27 July 1961 – 5 November 1968
 * John Darling Young 9 May 1969 – 1984
 * John Fremantle, 5th Baron Cottesloe 1984–1997
 * Sir Nigel Mobbs 1997 – 21 October 2005
 * Sir Henry Aubrey-Fletcher, 8th Baronet 2006–27 November 2020
 * Elizabeth Helen Curzon, Countess Howe 27 November 2020–present

Deputy lieutenants
A deputy lieutenant of Buckinghamshire is commissioned by the Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire. Deputy lieutenants support the work of the lord-lieutenant. There can be several deputy lieutenants at any time, depending on the population of the county. Their appointment does not terminate with the changing of the lord-lieutenant, but they usually retire at age 75.

19th Century

 * 31 October 1846: William Jenney
 * 31 October 1846: John Kay
 * 31 October 1846: Henry Thomas Worley
 * 31 October 1846: William Capel Clayton

20th Century

 * 5 January 1900: Sir Robert Grenville Harvey,

title: Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire


text:
Lord Lieutenant of Dorset

The Lord Lieutenant is the monarch's representative in the English county of Dorset.

The office of the Lord Lieutenant was created during the reign of Henry VIII (1509–1547), taking over the military duties of the Sheriff of Dorset and control of the military forces of the Crown. From 1569, there was provision for the appointment of Deputy Lieutenants, and in 1662 the Lord-Lieutenant was given entire control of the militia. The Forces Act of 1871 transferred this function back to the Crown, and in 1921, the office lost its power to call upon men of the county to fight in case of need.

Appointment and current duties
Lord Lieutenants are appointed by the monarch for each county in the United Kingdom, to represent the Crown. They are non-political and retire at the age of 75. The post is unpaid.

The main duties of the Lord Lieutenant are:

 * Arranging visits to the county by members of the royal family and escorting royal visitors;
 * Presenting medals and awards on behalf of the monarch, and advising on honours nominations;
 * As Custos Rotulorum of Dorset, leading local judicial bodies as Chairman of the Advisory Committees on Justices of the Peace and General Commissioners of Income Tax;
 * Liaising with local units of the Royal Navy, Royal Marines, Army (and Territorial Army), Royal Air Force and associated cadet forces; and
 * Participating in civic and voluntary activities.

List of Lord Lieutenants of Dorset
Since 1680, Lord Lieutenants have also been Custos Rotulorum of Dorset.

 * John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford 1552–1555
 * John Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Bath 1556–1558
 * James Blount, 6th Baron Mountjoy 1559–?
 * William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester 1580–
 * Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford 1584 – 28 July 1585
 * William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester 1 March 1586 – 24 November 1598
 * vacant
 * Thomas Howard, 3rd Viscount Howard of Bindon 25 April 1601 – 1 March 1611
 * Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury 5 July 1611 – 24 May 1612 jointly with
 * Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk 5 July 1611 – 28 May 1626
 * Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk 15 June 1626 – 3 June 1640
 * Francis Cottington, 1st Baron Cottington 13 June 1640 – 15 May 1641
 * William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury 15 May 1641 – 1642
 * Interregnum
 * Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond 25 July 1660 – December 1672
 * Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury 20 January 1672 – 1674
 * John Poulett, 3rd Baron Poulett 6 July 1674 – June 1679
 * John Digby, 3rd Earl of Bristol 19 November 1679 – 18 September 1698
 * Charles Paulet, 2nd Duke of Bolton 9 June 1699 – 21 January 1722
 * Charles Powlett, 3rd Duke of Bolton 8 February 1722 – 1733
 * Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 4th Earl of Shaftesbury 2 March 1734 – 29 May 1771
 * Henry Digby, 1st Earl Digby 21 June 1771 – 25 September 1793
 * George Pitt, 1st Baron Rivers 6 November 1793 – 7 May 1803
 * George Damer, 2nd Earl of Dorchester 15 June 1803 – 7 March 1808
 * Edward Digby, 2nd Earl Digby 17 April 1808 – 12 May 1856
 * Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury 4 June 1856 – 1 October 1885
 * Henry Fox-Strangways, 5th Earl of Ilchester 5 November 1885 – 6 December 1905
 * John Mount Batten 10 August 1906 – 5 March 1916
 * Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 9th Earl of Shaftesbury 3 March 1916 – 1952
 * Edward Digby, 11th Baron Digby 1 September 1952 – 29 January 1964
 * Sir Joseph William Weld 30 June 1964 – 1984
 * Edward Digby, 12th Baron Digby 1984–1999
 * Capt. Michael Fulford-Dobson 1999–2006
 * Valerie Lane-Fox Pitt-Rivers 2006–2014
 * Ian Angus Campbell 2014–

title: Lord Lieutenant of Dorset


text: Category:Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz albums


text:
The Tony Danza Show (2004 talk show)

The Tony Danza Show is a daytime variety talk show that premiered on September 13, 2004, in syndication and was distributed by Buena Vista Television. The show ran until May 26, 2006, and was recorded at the ABC studio complex on Manhattan's Upper West Side; like its sibling show, Live with Regis and Kelly, The Tony Danza Show was offered to Eastern Time Zone stations as a live show, with the stations choosing this option airing it at 10 AM Eastern.

The program was hosted by actor and New York native Tony Danza. For the first season Danza was joined by Ereka Vetrini as his co-host, with music provided by pianist Nadia DiGiallonardo. After the first season, Vetrini, who gained fame appearing on The Apprentice, was let go from the program, and DiGiallonardo took over most of her co-hosting duties.

On May 9, 2005, during a go-kart race with NASCAR Hall of Famer Rusty Wallace (who was a guest that day), Danza's kart flipped after Wallace accidentally bumped him. Danza suffered a concussion; neither he nor Wallace were wearing a helmet.

The most-viewed episode of the series featured the heavy metal band, The Tony Danza Tapdance Extravaganza, and their appearance followed an email from a viewer. The ratings, however, were not strong and in early March 2006, Danza told viewers that he was not sure if the program would return after a scheduled two-week hiatus. On March 24, 2006, the program returned with new episodes but after two more months The Tony Danza Show came to an end. The last live broadcast aired on May 26, 2006, with reruns continuing until September 15, 2006. VH1's The Best Week Ever then started an online petition to save the show.

Extravadanza
"Extravadanza" was a game played once each day with a home viewer via telephone. Danza (or, more often, his co-host) would drop a chip on a Plinko-style board. Unlike Plinko, a stuck chip still counted when it eventually hit an amount. The caller would then try to answer a question, and similar to the games on Live with Regis and Kelly had 10 seconds and only one guess (as opposed to 20 seconds on "Live"). A correct answer won the dollar amount the chip landed on.

title: The Tony Danza Show (2004 talk show)


text:
Talk:Global Infectious Disease Epidemiology Network

Untitled
This article seems to largely duplicate the text at. Copyvio? Avocado 15:29, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Euphorion of Chalcis

Euphorion of Chalcis (Εὐφορίων ὁ Χαλκιδεύς) was a Greek poet and grammarian, born at Chalcis in Euboea in the 126th olympiad (276–272 BC).

Euphorion spent much of his life in Athens, where he amassed great wealth. After studying philosophy with Lacydes and Prytanis, he became the student and eromenos of the poet Archeboulus. About 221 he was invited by Antiochus the Great to the court of Syria. He assisted in the formation of the royal Library of Antioch, of which he held the post of librarian till his death. He wrote mythological epics (the Thrax), amatory elegies, epigrams and a satirical poem (Arae, "curses") after the manner of the Ibis of Callimachus.

Prose works on antiquities and history are also attributed to him. Like Lycophron, he was fond of using archaic and obsolete expressions, and the erudite character of his allusions rendered his language very obscure. His elegies were highly esteemed by the Romans—they were imitated or translated by Cornelius Gallus and also by the emperor Tiberius.

Fragments published in Meineke, De Euphorionis Chalcidensis vita et scriptis, in his Analecta Alexandrina (1843) began the modern editions of the surviving fragments of Euphorion. Further lines have been recovered from papyri of Oxyrhynchus and elsewhere.

title: Euphorion of Chalcis


text: Category:Companies of Bangladesh

title: Category:Companies of Bangladesh


text:
U1

U1, U.I or U-1 may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Ultima I: The First Age of Darkness, a 1981 video game
 * Yuvan Shankar Raja (stage name: U1; born 1979), a Tamil musician and film composer
 * U1 Technology, a video game publisher
 * U-1, protagonist of the Gitaroo Man video game

Computing and mathematics

 * U(1), in abstract algebra, the unitary group of degree one
 * U1, a speed class for Secure Digital (SD) cards
 * Apple U1, a mobile system-on-a-chip

Military

 * U-1, the USAF and US Military's designation for the De Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter light transport aircraft
 * U-1, Soviet designation for Avro 504 trainer
 * Multiple German U-boats named U-1
 * Oberursel U.I, an early German aircraft engine
 * HDMS U-1, a Danish submarine
 * SM U-1, an Austro-Hungarian submarine, lead ship of the U-1 class

Locomotives

 * LNER Class U1, a 1924 British solitary loco
 * SR U1 class, a class of 2-6-0 locos

U-Bahn lines

 * U1 (Berlin U-Bahn)
 * U1 (Frankfurt U-Bahn)
 * U1 (Hamburg U-Bahn)
 * U1 (Munich U-Bahn)
 * U1 (Nuremberg U-Bahn)
 * U1 (Vienna U-Bahn)

Other uses

 * U1, unemployment figure released by Bureau of Labor Statistics
 * U1 spliceosomal RNA, a small nuclear RNA component of the spliceosome involved in pre-mRNA splicing

title: U1


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/UL Games Society

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was no consensus. Mackensen (talk) 17:38, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

UL Games Society
A long history of the role-playing society at the University of Limerick, unencyclopedic, delete --nixie 15:34, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. -- Mwanner 16:18, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * It's a work in progress and also describes the societies current activities, keep --User:DaxisMarr 16:41, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Not sure how to use this...we're constantly refining this article & we believe it will be of interest to many people. The society's fame is growing in this area and further afield and a wikipedia article will be useful for us, our members and visitors to our university from other countries. Plus the handful of us who know how to use wiki are cleaning it up whenever we get time. keep --Trumad 16:57, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * keep. Were sorting it out, alot of people are adding to it and not all of them know the rules. Thats gonna change. --Kaiser Sma 16:48, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * keep. I am the aforementioned Aaron Smart (the current president of the society). The society is of historical importance to UL and the Students' Union as it is one of the longest-running societies still in existance - many never last longer than a couple of years. And 1989 may not seem that long to some, but the university has only existed since 1972.
 * Though I think some of the writers have misunderstood the concept of the Wikipedia, and this article is undermining the integrity of the encyclopedia. It shouldn't be deleted, but needs serious clean-up, and I will give warnings to the current authors to read the appropriate rules for entries.--Zilog Jones 17:03, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Speedy delete. Non-encyclopedic and the contents is of atrocious quality. Pavel Vozenilek 17:20, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Note that neither of these is grounds for speedy deletion. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 21:19, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Also note that all the above remarks were made before heavy re-writing of the article; the language previously used in the article was most certainly not appropriate for an encyclopedia entry. --Zilog Jones 09:53, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Finally, note that Pavel said the "contents is of atrocious quality" - he should have used "are of atrocious quality" for the plural of content. I'm not quite sure in what position he is to judge the quality of our English.
 * Comment: Please review the article again - it has been heavily revised. If this is still not up to standards I can edit it some more. But regardless, GSoc is a society officially recognised by the UL Students' Union, just like the University of Limerick Debating Union, who also have a Wikipedia entry. Clubs and societies are an important aspect of college life over here, in a similar way to fraternities in colleges in the US --Zilog Jones 20:06, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and move to University of Limerick Games Society. Notable student society at a notable university. Aticle has potential for organic growth.Klonimus 20:31, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect. It's not the page is badly written--in fact, it's quite well done. However, we generally don't look for articles on topics this minor or specific (no insult intended, but it is rather fine-grained). The problem with this criteria is that it varies from user to user, and we've never been able to agree on a definition that we could put on paper. So it's kind of confusing. I think the best thing to do would be to create a section in the college's article entitled "Student Activities" or something of that nature, and expand that. Best wishes, Meelar (talk) 20:40, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Apart from personal bias (can anyone really explain why a bunch of Irish students going 'Arr, I'm a goblin' is more notable than a business that employs 150 people, or a scientist publishing important new research and lecturing to over 150 students is? Really? I mean, seriously, is the chair of this society more important to the university than a professor of physics? Did anyone join the university thinking 'the course is crap, but they have a good roleplaying society?'). I'm of the opinion that this is vanity, and an over inflated sense of ones importance in the scheme of things. I was a chair of a society at University (and one that had more active members than this one) and while it's a good way to pass the evening and all that, I wouldn't think of creating an article for it. This deserves at best one line in a section on societies at the University. Want to know more? Look at the University webpage. Average Earthman 20:44, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge (and condense) as per Meelar. People studying at UL or visiting UL have more specific resources they can use to find out about student societies. FreplySpang (talk) 20:53, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Passes the "U.S. villages" notability threshold (or, as another editor has it, the Pokemon test).  And that has nothing to do with my own roots in Ballyneety. Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 21:19, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Good points Meelar and FreplySpang. If there was more imformation on the UL Students' Union and other student activities in UL, the article may seem more significant though. I might add some more to the UL page on this, but I couldn't say much.
 * There's still the fact that the Debating Union also have an article and no one has complained about that as of yet, and I'm sure many other clubs and societies from other colleges also have entries (Trinity College Dublin do, but they are kinda of more importance than ours, being several centuries old and all).
 * Maybe the person who started this article was being a bit too "bold", but I think it would be good for historical posterity. Imformation on clubs & soc's here from before the Students' Union building was built around 1998, is pretty much non-existant, and for all I know the society will be long forgotten in a few years after I leave.
 * And Average Earthman, who ever said this was more important than other aspects of UL? It's not my fault that few want to write articles on the academic aspects of the univesity, but I'm sure in time there will be more --Zilog Jones 21:55, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Not only do few want to write articles on academics, most of them would get deleted on the grounds of 'average professor'.Average Earthman 12:48, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * condense and merge to university of limerick. There are currently approximately 120 members of the society says "notable as part of UL, not notable on it's own" to me. BigFatDave 22:19, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * comment: Yes, but that's only the numbers for this year, and membership only lasts one year. If you add up all the members over the years, it must be somewhere around 500-800, if not more. --Zilog Jones 22:25, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * comment: What the article still needs, and would work towards it's defense, is the information about some of it's other national events such as TRICON 2001. With regards to the impression of role playing, there are already a ton of articles on the subject. It's not necisarily more important than a business that 'employs' 150 people, but we often have had more than 200 members sign up in a year. A perfect encyclopedia would contain information on such things. It's not intended to be vain or over emphisised, there's just more information available on it then alot of things of similar importance. We do have a budget in the thousands and vanity pages according to the tutorial pages are personal as opposed to an orginisation.--Kaiser Sma 23:00, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * comment: In further reference to average earthman's comment, alot of people (right or wrong) have put a considerable amount of effort into this society, many people do join UL in part for it's clubs and societies. I know many people who have spent considerably more time and effort into making them work then their respective studies. This was not made as information for potential students, it was made because we believed it deserved a permenant reference. Most of the people involved in it's construction are graduates as well.--Kaiser Sma 23:22, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Someone putting effort into something does not make it notable, and I've been both treasurer and chairman of a student society with more members than this one claims so I'm not totally clueless on how they work. Average Earthman 17:29, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable, not encyclopedic. Cleduc 02:06, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment, this society has its own website (where they are boasting about being in wikipedia), so this information in available to interested parties. Wikipedia is not the sum of all mundane information, it should be an encyclopedia. There a a role-playing society, and anime society and infinite religious and sporting groups at every university, some of these may be valid long-running clubs that have hade members of note and are suitable for an encyclopedia, but most aren't, you're looking at one of the unencyclopedic ones here. Just because an effort has been made to make it look good does not make it a worthy addition. Next thing you know we'll have set a precendent for allowing every Lions and Rotary club and every scout troupe a page.--nixie 02:14, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Does not look notable to me. Indrian 04:13, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Too young and non-notable society. Mention it in the article on the university, perhaps. / Uppland 05:22, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, truly non-notable. Only affects (approximately) 120 people, it admits that there is little or no information about it before 2000. "The society was allegedly founded in 1987." Also, authors making comments please restrict youself to one vote. --bainer 05:57, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and Condense. I authored part of this page and had come here to post a 'keep' message but having read all points and examining other society entries I feel it would be more appropriate for a shortened version of our entry to be posted on the University of Limerick entry. --The Cardinal 11:37, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Bainer, I don't see anyone here making multiple votes. I removed that comment on our website - I do not think it was appropriate. I thought this whole thing wasn't too appropriate for the Wikipedia, but if this does get deleted I also propose other insignificant student clubs and societies be deleted too. --Zilog Jones 13:51, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Hear! Hear! If you can find them, by all means add them to VfD. -- Mwanner 14:04, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)

The person who started the article (me) did indeed not realise what he had started. I wanted an encyclopedic account of my favourite society, and one which I believe affects enough people to warrant a wiki article. If I looked it up (and found there wasn't a page there) how many other people would try? Another point of information - societies are asked by the university staff to set up stands during open days. This is to "show off" the clubs and societies to prospective students. Many students frequently do choose one university over another because of a better list of societies, if they can do their course at either. Trumad 21:21, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but condense greatly - a stub at best. Djegan 18:07, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Why not? It's of use to people who might want to find out more about the society. Isn't wikipedia a gathering of imformation?--Richy 20:25, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * comment: Bainer, you're wrong on two counts (as far as I can tell). You say the society only affects 120 people. We won the best improved society of the year, as voted by all the other clubs and societies in the university. We have 120 members at the minute, as Zilog Jones said - but 600-800 past members and goodness knows how many in the future. We're involved with other universities in paintball competitions, wargames and some sci-fi interests. (so not just role-playing). You also said people were voting twice, which I would have picked up on straightaway had it been there.
 * Keep Clearly "affects" more people than just its members, it's of possible interest to other members of the Irish gaming community, and perhaps to the UL "societies crowd" in general.  However, I'd certainly rename, as per Klonimus, and trim excess detail, as per several contributers.  Alai 02:37, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Actually, I withdraw my last statement. What defines a club or society as "significant" is too vague and discretionary, and could even be verging on discriminatory in some cases. It's not exactly hurting or degrading the Wikipedia by having such entries. Though as others have said, we may decimate some sections of it - as it stands now, it's already bigger than the actual UL article! --Zilog Jones 09:22, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, every university has a game society. Radiant_* 13:51, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: That's not necessarily true, and I don't see any reason not to mention these other societies if they have anything to write about. That's a rather pointless remark. You do know you don't have to read it if it doesn't interest you! --Zilog Jones 14:36, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Every University having a game society is no reason to delete the article. Trumad 21:10, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep: Doubt it needs to be as big as it is though. Kiand 18:05, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Strong Keep Societies were one of the main reasons I entered my university (for the great friends and such that I have made) and to be able to see GSoc and read its history is very important to me. Sergeant Horse 20:26, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * comment: In response to the many calls for shortening of the article, we can merge the four eras (or generations) of gsoc history into one medium sized paragraph. Anything to keep the article here. We all believe it is of benefit to many people, as has been shown above. Trumad 21:12, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Student organizations are non-notable in all but a very few exceptional cases. Isomorphic 03:43, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - Surely it's time you made some sort of decision on this and how harmful it's being to wikipedia? hmm? Trumad 06:38, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Strong Keep, But cutbacks acceptable As it stands this page take up less space than "List of countries that only border one other country", and I found it far more informative to boot. Indeed, i believe more people would have more interest in this article that "Exceller" the useless racehorse for example, which takes up enough space for this article 3 times over

 * comment okay, it's well over a week now. have you guys made a decision yet? if it's going to be kept we'll do some work on it. If you're gonna delete it we'll not bother. Just please tell us so that we can make this article even better. If you don't remove the notice or delete the entry within (another) 5 days we'll remove the deletion notice ourselves. Thankyou. Trumad 22:11, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Er, I don't think you should do that!! An admin has to give a verdict first, AFAIK. --Zilog Jones 21:09, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: If they keep us in suspense for this long and then delete it I'll be very annoyed indeed. There are enough people here saying "keep" to warrant keeping the article on wikipedia, and not enough "deleters" to care enough to actually delete it after 5 days. Therefore, vis a vis, they have no right to delete it. Trumad 15:07, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I don't think you understand. An admin has to make the decision. Read the rules! --Zilog Jones 15:33, 1 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Hôtel des Mille Collines

Hotel des Milles Collines
Someone please delete this site! then write an article about it??? - Stoph 15:36, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC) i also notice you spelled it wrong, see Hotel des Mille Collines - Stoph 15:38, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC) oh, it says "please delete this site", I didn't read it correctly. in any case, I added a redirect - Stoph 15:40, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hôtel des Mille Collines


text:
Lord Lieutenant of Tipperary

This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of County Tipperary between 1831 and 1922.

There were lieutenants of counties in Ireland until the reign of James II, when they were renamed governors. The office of Lord Lieutenant was recreated on 23 August 1831.

Governors

 * James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormond (attainted 1715)
 * Richard Pennefather: 1746–1777 (died 1777)
 * Richard Pennefather: 1777 –1831 (died 1831)
 * Francis Mathew, 1st Earl Landaff: 1777–1800 (died 1806)
 * Cornwallis Maude, 1st Viscount Hawarden: –1803 (died 1803)
 * Cornelius O'Callaghan, 1st Baron Lismore: –1797 (died 1797)
 * John Bagwell: 1792–1816 (died 1816)
 * Stephen Moore:
 * Richard Hely-Hutchinson, 1st Earl of Donoughmore: –1825 (died 1825)
 * William Bagwell: 1807 –1826 (died 1826)
 * Richard Butler, 2nd Earl of Glengall: 1829 –1831

Lord Lieutenants

 * John Hely-Hutchinson, 2nd Earl of Donoughmore, 17 October 1831 – 29 June 1832
 * John Hely-Hutchinson, 3rd Earl of Donoughmore, 14 August 1832 – 14 September 1851
 * Cornelius O'Callaghan, 1st Viscount Lismore, 20 October 1851 – 30 May 1857
 * George O'Callaghan, 2nd Viscount Lismore, 24 June 1857 – 1885
 * Cornwallis Maude, 1st Earl de Montalt, 1885 – 9 January 1905
 * Henry Prittie, 4th Baron Dunalley, 15 May 1905 – 1922

title: Lord Lieutenant of Tipperary


text: Category:Companies of Bulgaria

title: Category:Companies of Bulgaria


text:
Crash (2004 film)

Crash is a 2004 American crime drama film produced, directed, and co-written by Paul Haggis and Robert Moresco. A self-described "passion piece" for Haggis, the film features racial and social tensions in Los Angeles and was inspired by a real-life incident in which Haggis's Porsche was carjacked in 1991 outside a video store on Wilshire Boulevard. The film features an ensemble cast, including Chris "Ludacris" Bridges, Don Cheadle, Matt Dillon, Jennifer Esposito, William Fichtner, Brendan Fraser, Terrence Howard, Sandra Bullock , Thandiwe Newton, Michael Peña, Larenz Tate and Ryan Phillippe.

Crash premiered at the 2004 Toronto International Film Festival on September 10, 2004, before it was released in theaters on May 6, 2005, by Lions Gate Films. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised the direction and performances (particularly Dillon's) but criticized the portrayal of race relations as simplistic and unsubtle. The film was a success at the box office, earning $98.4 million worldwide against its $6.5 million budget.

The film earned several accolades and nominations. Dillon received nominations for Best Supporting Actor from the Academy Awards, BAFTA, Golden Globe, and Screen Actors Guild. Additionally, the cast won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. The film received six Academy Award nominations and controversially won three for Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Film Editing at the 78th Academy Awards. It was also nominated for nine BAFTA Awards and won two, for Best Original Screenplay and Best Supporting Actress for Newton.

Plot
In Los Angeles, Detective Graham Waters and his partner Ria are involved in a minor collision with a car being driven by Kim Lee. Ria and Kim Lee exchange racially charged insults. Waters later arrives at a crime scene, where the body of an unnamed dead child has been discovered. The film then backtracks 48 hours to trace the preceding chain of events.

Anthony and Peter, two young Black men, carjack district attorney Rick Cabot and his wife Jean. As the men drive away in the SUV, Peter puts a figurine of St. Christopher, the patron saint of travelers, on the dashboard. They pass by Waters and Ria, who are investigating a homicide in a San Fernando Valley parking lot. The pair learn that a white undercover cop, Detective Conklin, shot a black undercover cop, Detective Lewis, with neither knowing the other was a policeman.

At home, Cabot rails that the carjacking incident could cost him re-election, because no matter whom he sides with, he will lose either the black vote or the law and order vote. Hispanic locksmith Daniel Ruiz overhears Jean, who suspects that Daniel is a gangster, demanding that the locks be changed again.

While searching for the Cabots' stolen vehicle, Sergeant John Ryan pulls over an SUV driven by a wealthy Black couple, TV director Cameron Thayer and his wife, Christine. Though Ryan knows the vehicle is not the one he is searching for, he accosts the couple on his claim he saw Christine performing fellatio on Cameron while he was driving. During the traffic stop, Ryan performs a body search on Christine and molests her in front of Cameron. Ryan's younger partner, Officer Tom Hansen, looks on in horror but does not intervene.

Hansen goes to his superior Lieutenant Dixon to report Ryan's conduct and requests a transfer. Dixon, a Black man, tells Hansen that a racism complaint would hurt his own career and allows the transfer on the condition that Ryan's conduct not be mentioned. Ryan is shown living with his ill father, who cannot get health insurance. On the phone, Ryan takes out his frustrations on the Black HMO administrator he speaks with. When the insurance adjuster does not respond quickly enough, Ryan insults her competency by saying that more qualified white men did not get her job because of affirmative action.

In the carjacked SUV, Anthony and Peter hit a man of Asian descent while passing a parked van. They take the injured man's body and leave him in front of a hospital. Meanwhile, Waters, who is in a relationship with Ria, gets into an argument with her when he makes a casual remark about Mexico being her country of origin. Ria angrily reminds him that her father is actually from Puerto Rico and her mother is from El Salvador. Waters later visits his mother, who asks him to find his missing younger brother.

Ryan later comes across a car crash and an overturned vehicle. In his attempt to rescue the passenger, Ryan sees it is Christine, who recognizes the officer from their earlier incident and frantically resists his assistance. Ryan manages to pull her out of the car just before it is engulfed by a fireball. As Christine is being helped by paramedics, she stares at Ryan.

Waters is summoned to a meeting with DA worker Flanagan, who tells Waters that Internal Affairs wants Conklin imprisoned. Waters has evidence that Lewis was possibly involved in a drug deal, but Flanagan promises Waters a job as Cabot's chief investigator, as well as the clearing of his brother's criminal record, in exchange for his cooperation. At a press conference, Waters reluctantly confirms the homicide was racially motivated.

Anthony and Peter carjack another Navigator, which happens to belong to Cameron. Cameron fights back and Peter flees the scene before a police car approaches. Cameron and Anthony drive away and a police chase ensues, with Hansen as one of the pursuing officers. When police catch the SUV, Hansen recognizes Cameron, and out of remorse for the earlier traffic stop, he vouches for Cameron to be let off with a warning. Anthony, who was hiding during the exchange, is dropped off at a bus stop by Cameron.

Later that night as Hansen is off the clock, he picks up a hitchhiking Peter. During the drive, Peter reaches into his pocket and Hansen, thinking he is reaching for a gun, shoots him. Peter collapses dead, revealing he was only reaching for his Saint Christopher statuette. Hansen hides the body in some bushes and burns his car. Waters and Ria later arrive at the scene, and it is revealed that the dead body is Waters's brother Peter. Waters's mother disowns him over Peter's death.

Anthony comes across the white van from earlier with its keys still in the ignition. He steals the van and takes it to a chop shop, where it is discovered there are Cambodian immigrants chained in the back. The van had belonged to Kim Lee and her husband (the man Anthony and Peter accidentally hit), meaning they were involved in human trafficking. The chop shop owner offers Anthony $500 per immigrant, but Anthony refuses. After driving the Cambodians to Chinatown and freeing them, he passes by a fender-bender. One driver turns out to be the insurance adjuster Ryan had previously argued with, and the other is an Asian man. An exchange of racially charged insults erupts between the drivers.

Cast

 * Ludacris as Anthony, a violent carjacker and Peter's partner
 * Sandra Bullock as Jean Cabot, Rick's wife
 * Matt Dillon as Sergeant John Ryan, a bigoted police officer
 * Jennifer Esposito as Ria, Graham's Hispanic partner
 * Brendan Fraser as District Attorney Rick Cabot, Jean's husband
 * Terrence Howard as Cameron Thayer, a television director and Christine's husband
 * Don Cheadle as Detective Graham Waters
 * Thandiwe Newton (credited as Thandie Newton) as Christine Thayer, Cameron's wife
 * Michael Peña as Daniel Ruiz, a Hispanic locksmith
 * Ryan Phillippe as Officer Tom Hansen, a rookie policeman and Ryan's partner
 * Larenz Tate as Peter, a laid back carjacker, and Anthony's partner
 * Shaun Toub as Farhad, a Persian shop owner
 * Bahar Soomekh as Dorri, Farhad's daughter
 * Ashlyn Sanchez as Lara Ruiz, Daniel's daughter
 * Karina Arroyave as Elizabeth Ruiz, Daniel's wife
 * Loretta Devine as Shaniqua Johnson, a HMO administrator
 * Beverly Todd as Mrs. Waters
 * William Fichtner as Jake Flanagan, Rick's campaign manager
 * Keith David as Lieutenant Dixon, Tom's superior officer
 * Jack McGee as Gun Store Owner
 * Greg Joung Paik as Choi Chin Gui, a human trafficker
 * Alexis Rhee as Kim Lee, Choi Chin Gui's wife
 * Daniel Dae Kim as Park
 * Nona Gaye as Karen
 * Bruce Kirby as "Pop" Ryan
 * Tony Danza as Fred
 * Kathleen York as Officer Johnson
 * Sylva Kelegian as Nurse Hodges
 * Marina Sirtis as Shereen, Farhad's wife

Development
Writer and director Paul Haggis was inspired to make the film after being carjacked by two African-American men at a Blockbuster Video on Wilshire Boulevard while driving home from the premiere of The Silence of the Lambs in February 1991. Afterwards he began thinking more about the impact of race, ethnicity, and class in American society. He later stated that he wrote Crash not simply to criticize racists but to "bust liberals" for the idea that the United States had become a post-racial society. Haggis cowrote the first draft of Crash with Robert Moresco in 2001 after being fired from Family Law.

Casting
Haggis initially tried to sell the script to television producers before it gained the attention of producers Cathy Schulman and Bob Yari. Yari offered Haggis $7.5 million to produce the script as a film, on the condition he could assemble an ensemble cast of major stars. Don Cheadle was the first actor to be cast and also came on board as a producer, which helped attract other big names to the production. Forest Whitaker was originally attached to play Terrence Howard's role but dropped out. The casting of Brendan Fraser as the district attorney, which came last, was pivotal in getting the film green-lit.

Heath Ledger and John Cusack were also attached to the roles of Tom Hanson and John Ryan, respectively, but dropped out after production delays. At one point, Don Cheadle also considered leaving the production to perform in Hotel Rwanda. According to Yari, the departure of Ledger from the cast reduced the film's international value and the budget was brought down by $1 million.

Filming
Filming began in Los Angeles for a 32-day shoot in December 2003. Haggis made up for the reduced budget by taking out three mortgages on his house, cutting back on exterior shots, and reusing locations. Principal cast members also agreed to pay cuts and deferred their salaries. Production was delayed for a week when Haggis suffered from cardiac arrest while filming a scene, although he defied medical advice to hire a new director.

In a 2020 interview with Vulture, Thandiwe Newton stated that Haggis ensured she was wearing special protective underwear for the police sexual assault scene, because he wanted it to look "real" from the camera's perspective for Matt Dillon "to go there".

Music
The original score was released by Superb Records through Lionsgate Films in 2005. All songs were written and composed by Mark Isham, except where noted. The iTunes release is the complete score released through Yari Music Group, and has the cues isolated and in film order (unlike the commercial score CD which is edited, incomplete, in a different order, and in suite form). A second volume of tracks, titled Crash: Music from and Inspired by the Film, was released featuring songs that appear in the film.

Box office
After a rough cut was shown at 2004 Toronto International Film Festival, the film premiered at the Elgin Theatre in Toronto in September 2004. It was quickly purchased by Lions Gate Films for $3.5 million. Crash had a wide release on May 6, 2005, and was a box office success in the late spring of 2005.

The film grossed $53.4 million domestically, making back more than seven times its estimated $6.5 million-budget. Despite its success in relation to its cost, Crash was the lowest-grossing film at the domestic box office to win Best Picture since The Last Emperor in 1987.

Home media
Crash was released on DVD on September 6, 2005, in widescreen and fullscreen one-disc versions. Bonus features included a music video by KansasCali (now known as the Rocturnals) for the song "If I..." from the soundtrack. The director's cut of the film was released in a two-disc special edition DVD on April 4, 2006, with more bonus content than the one-disc set. The director's cut is three minutes longer than the theatrical cut. The scene where Daniel is talking with his daughter under her bed is extended and a new scene is added with officer Hansen in the police station locker room.

Crash was the first Best Picture winner to be released on Blu-ray Disc in the US, on June 27, 2006.

Initial
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 74% based on 242 reviews, with an average score of 7.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A raw and unsettling morality piece on modern angst and urban disconnect, Crash examines the dangers of bigotry and xenophobia in the lives of interconnected Angelenos." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 66 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.

Roger Ebert gave the film four out of four stars and described it as "a movie of intense fascination", listing it as the best film of 2005. Ebert concluded his review with the sentiment "not many films have the possibility of making their audiences better people. I don't expect Crash to work any miracles, but I believe anyone seeing it is likely to be moved to have a little more sympathy for people not like themselves." Steve Davis of the Austin Chronicle called it the "most compelling American movie to come around in a long time" and said it succeeds in inviting audiences to make preconceived notions about the characters and then complicates those notions. Ella Taylor of LA Weekly described it as "not just one of the best Hollywood movies about race, but along with Collateral, one of the finest portrayals of contemporary LA life period."

The performances of Dillon, Cheadle, Bridges, Peña, and Howard were singled out. Todd McCarthy of Variety wrote, "Specific scenes, especially those involving Dillon as the racially resentful cop who, like everyone else, has his reasons, bristle with tension as the character continuously pushes past conventional limits in abusing his authority and, redeemingly, in his display of uncommon valor." Peter Bradshaw of the Guardian gave the film three out of five stars, writing, "Crash is a very watchable and well-constructed piece of work...but its daringly supercharged fantasies of racial paranoia and humanist redemption are not to be taken too seriously." Joanne Kaufman of the Wall Street Journal opined, "Ultimately, Crash succeeds in spite of itself," noting that at a certain point, it "starts to feel obvious and schematic" but remains "a complex blend of compassion and sorrow".

The film's plot elements, such as the means through which all the characters are connected, were derided by critics as contrived and unconvincing. Ty Burr of the Boston Globe wrote that the film "is one of those multi-character, something-is-rotten-in-Los Angeles barnburners that grab you by the lapels and try desperately to shake you up. It's more artful than Grand Canyon, less artsy than Magnolia (LA gets dusted with snow instead of frogs), and much less of a mess than Falling Down." Burr lamented how "its characters come straight from the assembly line of screenwriting archetypes, and too often they act in ways that archetypes, rather than human beings, do. You can feel its creator shuttling them here and there on the grid of greater LA, pausing portentously between each move."

Another criticism centered on the storytelling as didactic and heavy-handed. Writing for Slate, David Edelstein commented Crash "might even have been a landmark film about race relations had its aura of blunt realism not been dispelled by a toxic cloud of dramaturgical pixie dust." Others noted how the film had nothing new or insightful to say on racism, with Stephanie Zacharek of Salon writing that Crash "only confirms what we already know about racism: It's inside every one of us. That should be a starting point, not a startling revelation." A.O. Scott of the New York Times described it as "a frustrating movie: full of heart and devoid of life; crudely manipulative when it tries hardest to be subtle; and profoundly complacent in spite of its intention to unsettle and disturb."

Much criticism focused on how the film presents racism and its origins, with many noting its depiction of race relations as too simplistic and tidy. The redemption arcs of the white characters, particularly Sergeant Ryan, drew controversy for their execution. Many opined that Ryan's redemption by way of his heroic rescue of Christine felt unearned. Others pointed out the implausibility of Jean Cabot softening her racist attitudes because of an ankle sprain and the care of her Latina housemaid. Clarisse Loughrey of the Independent wrote, "By presenting racism as nothing more than a personality issue in need of a fix, Crash absolves its white audience of any sense of collective responsibility."

Retrospective
In the years since the film's release, criticism and debate about the film have grown alongside ongoing cultural dialogues about race and social movements in the United States. In 2009, cultural critic Ta-Nehisi Coates criticized the film as shallow and "unthinking", naming Crash "the worst film of the decade". The film has been described as using multicultural and sentimentalist imagery to cover over material and "historically sedimented inequalities" that continue to affect various racial groups in Los Angeles.

In a retrospective review, Tim Grierson of The New Republic opined, "Haggis has characters hurl nasty epithets at one another, as if that's the most corrosive aspect of discrimination, failing to acknowledge that what's most destructive aren't the shouts but, rather, the whispers—the private jokes and long-held prejudices shared by likeminded people behind closed doors and far from public view." The film was also criticized for depicting the Persian shopkeeper as a "deranged, paranoid individual who is only redeemed by what he believes is a mystical act of God".

The film ranks at #460 in Empire's 2008 poll of the "500 Greatest Films of All Time".

In 2010, the Independent Film & Television Alliance selected Crash as one of the 30 Most Significant Independent Films of the last 30 years.

Top ten lists
Crash was listed on many critics' top ten lists.

 * 1st – Roger Ebert, Chicago Sun-Times
 * 1st – Steve Davis, Austin Chronicle
 * 3rd – Kevin Thomas, Los Angeles Times
 * 3rd – Richard Roeper, Ebert & Roeper
 * 3rd – Ella Taylor, L.A. Weekly
 * 4th – Stephen Hunter, The Washington Post
 * 6th – Christy Lemire, Associated Press
 * 7th – Claudia Puig, USA Today
 * 8th – Richard Schickel, Time
 * 8th – Lisa Schwarzbaum, Entertainment Weekly
 * 9th – Peter Travers, Rolling Stone

Oscar controversy
At the 78th Academy Awards, Crash won the Oscar for Best Picture, triumphing over the heavily favored Brokeback Mountain in what is considered as one of the most notable Oscars upsets. After announcing the award, presenter Jack Nicholson was caught on camera mouthing the word "whoa" out of apparent surprise at the result. The film's use of moral quandary as a storytelling medium was widely reported as ironic since many saw it as the "safe" alternative to Brokeback Mountain, which is about a gay relationship (the other nominees, Good Night and Good Luck, Capote, and Munich also tackle heavy subjects of McCarthyism, homosexuality, and terrorism). Critic Kenneth Turan suggested that Crash benefited from homophobia among Academy members, some of whom openly voiced their discomfort with Brokeback Mountain due to its subject matter. After the Oscars telecast, critic Roger Ebert insisted in his column that the better film won the award.

Film Comment magazine placed Crash first on its list of "Worst Winners of Best Picture Oscars", followed by Slumdog Millionaire at #2 and Chicago at #3. Similarly, a 2014 survey of film critics by The Atlantic identified the film's victory as among the most glaring mistakes made by the Academy Awards. In 2017, David Ehrlich and Eric Kohn of IndieWire ranked Crash as the worst on its list of "Best Picture Winners of the 21st Century, Ranked from Worst to Best".

In 2015, The Hollywood Reporter polled hundreds of Academy members, asking them to re-vote on past controversial decisions. For the 2005 Best Picture winner, Brokeback Mountain beat Crash and the other nominees.

In a 2015 interview, Haggis commented, "Was [Crash] the best film of the year? I don't think so. There were great films that year. Good Night, and Good Luck – amazing film. Capote – terrific film. Ang Lee's Brokeback Mountain, great film. And Spielberg's Munich. I mean please, what a year. Crash, for some reason, affected people, it touched people. And you can't judge these films like that. I'm very glad to have those Oscars. They're lovely things. But you shouldn't ask me what the best film of the year was because I wouldn't be voting for Crash, only because I saw the artistry that was in the other films. Now however, for some reason that's the film that touched people the most that year. So I guess that's what they voted for, something that really touched them. And I'm very proud of the fact that Crash does touch you. People still come up to me more than any of my films and say: 'That film just changed my life.' I've heard that dozens and dozens and dozens of times. So it did its job there. I mean, I knew it was the social experiment that I wanted, so I think it's a really good social experiment. Is it a great film? I don't know."

In a 2020 retrospective about the film and its Oscars win, K. Austin Collins of Vanity Fair wrote the film "is a throwback to a familiar strain of Oscar-friendly, liberal message movie—in which the 'message,' often, is that people are complicated, goodness is relative, and evil is not a terminal condition. It dramatizes racism the same way that classical Hollywood storytelling has long dramatized things: through a sense of character and intention and a guise of psychological realism, through arcs and archetypes, through a slow climb toward third-act revelations about who people really are as evinced by the things they've achieved, the changes they've undergone by film's end."

In February 2024, David Fear of Rolling Stone ranked Crash as the worst Best Picture Oscar winner of the 21st century, criticizing what he described as the movie’s heavy-handed symbolism and its various caricatures. Fear concluded his commentary by stating “We have a feeling that were we to revisit this list in the year 2050, Crash would still occupy this same slot.”

Accolades
Crash received several awards and nominations, and was named one of the top ten films of the year by both the American Film Institute and the National Board of Review. The film was nominated for six awards at the 78th Academy Awards and won three, for Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Film Editing. It was also nominated for nine British Academy Film Awards and won two, for Best Original Screenplay and Best Supporting Actress for Newton. Dillon received nominations for best supporting actor at the Academy Awards, British Academy Film Awards, Golden Globe Awards, and Screen Actors Guild Awards for his performance. Additionally, the cast won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture, and Harris and Moresco won the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay.

Television series
A 13-episode series premiered on the Starz network on October 17, 2008. The series features Dennis Hopper as a record producer in Los Angeles, California, and how his life is connected to other characters in the city, including a police officer (Ross McCall) and his partner, actress-turned-police officer, Arlene Tur. The cast consists of a Brentwood mother (Clare Carey), her real-estate developer husband (D. B. Sweeney), a former gang member-turned-EMT (Brian Tee), a street-smart driver (Jocko Sims), an undocumented Guatemalan immigrant (Luis Chavez), and a detective (Nick Tarabay).

title: Crash (2004 film)