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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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Anton Dilger

Anton Casimir Dilger (13 February 1884 – 17 October 1918) was a German-American medical doctor and a main actor in the German biological warfare sabotage program during World War I. Dilger eventually fled to Madrid, Spain, where he died during the 1918 flu pandemic.

Early life and career
Dilger was born in Front Royal, Virginia, to which his parents had moved from Ohio in the decades after the American Civil War. He was educated in Germany after he had gone there at the age of nine. He attended Gymnasium in Bensheim and trained as a physician in Heidelberg and Munich. He later worked for the University of Heidelberg surgical clinic while he researched his doctoral dissertation. His dissertation involved growing animal cells in tissue culture at which he was unsuccessful. He received his doctorate summa cum laude in 1912.

Anton Dilger was the son of Captain Hubert Dilger, a decorated artillerist in the Union Army during the American Civil War, awarded the Medal of Honor for his exploits during the Battle of Chancellorsville (1863). His grandfather was anatomist Friedrich Tiedemann (1781–1861), who was the Director of the Institute of Anatomy at Heidelberg University. Dilger was also the cousin of Generalmajor Hubert Lamey (1896-1981), the commander of the 118 Jager Division, as well as General der Kavallerie, Carl-Erik Koehler (1895–1958), the commander of the 20th Army Corps.

There are reports that Dilger served as a surgeon in the Bulgarian Army during the Balkan Wars (1912–1913), that he served in the U.S. Army Medical Corps, that he carried the rank of colonel in the Imperial German Army Medical Corps, and that he directed hospitals for the German Red Cross. None of the reports is substantiated.

World War I
When World War I began, Dilger was in Germany, but he returned to the United States in 1915 with cultures of anthrax and glanders with the intention of biological sabotage on behalf of the German government's biological sabotage officer, Rudolf Nadolny. The U.S. was still neutral, but Germany wanted to prevent neutral countries from supplying Allied forces with livestock, and the fact that Dilger had a U.S. passport from 1908 onwards made it easy for him to travel to and from the U.S. Along with his brother Carl, Dilger established a laboratory in the Chevy Chase district north of Washington, DC, in which cultures of the causative agents of anthrax and glanders (Bacillus anthracis and Burkholderia mallei) were produced. A 1941 report revealed that the bacteria were to be painted onto the nostrils of horses.

In the U.S., Baltimore stevedores, who were at first recruited by German officers to plant incendiary devices among ships and wharves, were eventually given bottles of liquid culture with orders to infect horses near Van Cortland Park. The stevedores claimed to have done the deed with rubber gloves and needles.

The U.S. biological sabotage program is thought to have ended sometime in late 1916 after which Anton returned to Germany. Upon his return to the U.S., Dilger found himself under suspicion of being a German agent by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and fled to Mexico, where he used the surname "Delmar."

Sabotage program
The United States was the only target of German biological sabotage to which Dilger traveled personally, but Romania, Norway, Spain, and South America were all wartime targets of the program. Dilger was the only known individual with the required medical knowledge to have presided over the program in Germany even if he was not directly involved in each country. The methods of infecting livestock became more advanced as the war progressed and went from crude needles to capillary tubes of bacterial culture hidden inside sugar cubes.

The effects of the German effort to sabotage the neutral support of Allied countries is unknown. Since reports were made of disease outbreaks among livestock, it is not known whether the cultures used were pathogenic or even viable. Certainly, the amateurish method by which the U.S. stevedores infected horses would have given rise to accidents, but none was reported. That alone is cause for suspicion among researchers of the cultures used. Indeed, in the treaties signed in the wake of World War I, no specific provisions were made for the prohibition of biological warfare; it is presumed officials either did not know about the German effort or did not consider it a serious threat.

His relative Jürgen Schöfer, Ph.D., now writes about biosafety in science magazines.

title: Anton Dilger


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John Doget

John Doget (c. 1435–1501) was an English diplomat, scholar and Renaissance humanist. He was the nephew of Cardinal Thomas Bourchier, Archbishop of Canterbury. He was born in Sherborne, Dorset, and was probably educated in Bourchier's household before being admitted to Eton College as a king's scholar about 1447. From Eton he passed to King's College, Cambridge, in 1451, and became a fellow there in 1454.

In 1460 Doget was ordained, and gained his Master of Theology in 1464. In the same year he left Cambridge and went to Bologna, where he studied Canon law and earned his doctorate in 1469. He returned to Cambridge in 1463.

Doget was sent to Rome to help arrange a peace between Pope Sixtus IV and Florence in 1479, dealing also with the princes of Sicily and Hungary. He was then appointed to an embassy to Christian I of Denmark. He was appointed domestic chaplain to Richard III in 1483.

At some time between 1473 and 1486, he presented his Examinatorium in Phaedonem Platonis, the first philosophical work by an English humanist, to Cardinal Bourchier. The text of the Phaedo on which Doget comments is the translation of Leonardo Bruni. As Roberto Weiss has pointed out in the commentary, "his aim appears to have been an interpretation of some of Plato's passages as Christian maxims. Because of this he deals principally with an explanation of obscure passages in the Phaedo, which are presented so as to emphasize their common points with Christian doctrine" (Weiss, p. 166). The neoplatonic texts cited by Doget, which include Marsilio Ficino's Latin version of the Pimander, or Poemander, of Hermes Trismegistus, are seen through the prism of Christian apologetics, and the Phaedo was no doubt chosen in the first place as a vehicle for his commentary because it could be presented as a mythologized version of Christian doctrine. Doget's manuscript was later purchased by another humanist, Robert Sherborn, Bishop of Chichester.

Henry VII presented him to the provostship of King's College in 1499. In 1500 he managed to obtain a licence from the King to impress men and boys into the King's College Choir, a much-needed privilege due to the complexity of polyphonic music at the time - skilled choir members were in high demand, Lady Margaret Beaufort having seized three clerks and a chorister from King's the year before Doget's appointment.

His will is dated 4 March 1501 and bequeathed all his books on canon law and theology to King's College. He died the following month, and was buried in Salisbury Cathedral.

title: John Doget


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Alan Culpepper

Alan Lawrence Culpepper (born September 15, 1972) is an American distance runner and two time United States Olympian (2000 & 2004). Along with competing on four World Championship teams, his accomplishments include finishing fourth in the Boston Marathon in 2005, winning the 2004 U.S. Olympic Trials Marathon and finishing 12th at the 2004 Olympic marathon in Athens. His 2:09:41 at the 2002 Chicago Marathon tied him with Alberto Salazar for the fastest ever debut marathon by an American, and remains his fastest marathon. Culpepper has won three U.S. Cross Country titles and three track titles (two at 10,000 m and one at 5,000 m). His personal bests include 3:55.1 for the mile, 13:25 for 5k and 27:33 in the 10k.

High school and collegiate
Culpepper graduated in 1991 from Coronado HS in El Paso, Texas. In 1989 and 1990 he won five Texas state titles in cross country and track, but did not compete in his final season (1991).

He went on to attend the University of Colorado in Boulder, Colorado, where he developed into a national-class runner. In 1996 he won the NCAA outdoor 5,000 m title and placed 10th at the Olympic Trials in that event; the following year he improved to 2nd at the USATF Nationals (behind Bob Kennedy) and represented the USA at the 1997 World Championships.

Professional
Following graduation from Colorado, Culpepper continued to live and train near Boulder. In 1999 he won his first open national title, the USA Cross Country Championships. That spring he also won the 10,000 m at the USATF Outdoor Championships and ran that event at the 1999 World Championships. In 2000, he took second in the 10,000 m at the U.S. Olympic Trials, overtaking champion Mebrahtom Keflezighi in the final lap but not quite managing to pass him by the finish line.

Culpepper represented the U.S. at 10,000 m at the 2001 World Championships as well. He won another U.S. track championship in 2002 when he took the 5,000 m title. That fall, in his debut marathon in Chicago, he ran 2:09:41. In 2003, he won the U.S. 10,000 m title.

After taking 2003 off from marathons, Culpepper ran his second at the U.S. Olympic Trials in Birmingham, Alabama. Renewing his long-time rivalry with Keflezighi, Culpepper bested "Meb" in 2:11:42, with the lead changing several times in the final miles. Culpepper then placed 12th at the Athens Olympic Marathon, which would have been the best performance by an American marathoner in several Olympics had Keflezighi not won the silver medal.

In 2005, Culpepper ran a 13:25.75 personal best in the 5,000 meter run at the 2005 Norwich Union British Grand Prix in London, England. He ran 2:11:02 to take fifth in the 2006 Boston Marathon.

At the 2007 US Cross-Country Championships, Culpepper won his third cross country title, finishing first in the 12,000 m with a time of 37:09. (This race is featured in the documentary, SHOWDOWN – Five Elite Distance Runners, One Dream.)

Personal life
Culpepper married American distance runner Shayne Culpepper (formerly Shayne Wille), also a University of Colorado graduate, in 1997. They have four sons, Cruz (b. April 2002), Levi (b. June 2006), Rocco (b. May 2008), and Chase (b. Feb 2012). Shayne also represented the United States in the 2000 Sydney and 2004 Athens Olympic Games.

Recent news
On February 10, 2007, Alan won the Open Men's 12K at the 2007 USA Cross Country Championships in Boulder, Colorado. He finished the race, held at Flatirons Golf Course, in a time of 37:09. It was Culpepper's third USA Cross Country victory; he also won in 1999 and 2003.

On June 8, 2008 Culpepper won the Rocky Mountain Half Marathon in Denver, Colorado. He crossed the finish line with a time of 1:07:57.

Alan assumed the head cross country coach position at Fairview High School (Boulder, Colorado) for the 2019 season.

Alan assumed the head cross country coach position at Erie High School (Colorado) for the 2023 season

title: Alan Culpepper


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Talk:Trevor Morgan (EastEnders)

Votes for deletion
This page was recently nominated for deletion, and the consensus decision was to keep it. The deletion debate is archived here. ugen 64 03:39, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 12 January 2016
2.127.22.115 (talk) 20:47, 12 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. --allthefoxes (Talk) 21:46, 12 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Trevor Morgan (EastEnders)


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Bill Durnan

William Ronald Durnan (January 22, 1916 – October 31, 1972) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played seven seasons with the Montreal Canadiens in the National Hockey League (NHL) between 1943 and 1950. During his career he was one of the most dominant goaltenders in the NHL, winning the Vezina Trophy for fewest goals allowed six times, being named First All-Star team as best goaltender six times, and helped the Canadiens win the Stanley Cup two times. Dealing with a nervous condition throughout his career, Durnan retired in 1950, citing the stress of playing professional hockey. Durnan also served as the captain of the Canadiens in 1948, the last goaltender to be allowed to captain his team. In 1964 Durnan was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, and in 2017 he was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history.

Playing career
Durnan played only seven seasons in the National Hockey League due to being 27 upon entering the league, but accomplished much in his short career. He was the recipient of the Vezina Trophy for allowing the fewest goals against in each of his first four seasons, from 1943–44 to 1946–47, becoming the first to capture the award in four consecutive seasons. A poor season by the Montreal Canadiens in 1947–48 allowed Turk Broda of the Toronto Maple Leafs to end Durnan's streak. Durnan, however, returned to prominence the next two seasons, capturing his fifth and sixth Vezina Trophies in 1948–49 and 1949–50. Durnan was also selected to the First Team All-Star six times during his career, including four consecutive selections from 1944 to 1947.

During the 1947–48 season, Durnan served as the Canadiens' captain. However, he left the crease so often to argue calls that other teams claimed he was giving the Canadiens unscheduled timeouts. After the season, the NHL passed a rule barring goaltenders from performing the duties of captain, known as the "Durnan Rule." While Roberto Luongo was named "captain" of the Vancouver Canucks in 2008, Luongo had no on-ice rights as such, making Durnan the last goalie to officially serve as captain, and to wear the C on his jersey in the National Hockey League.

Following the 1949–50 NHL season, at the age of 34, Durnan retired, no longer able to stand the stress of playing professional hockey. He later went into coaching, most notably with the Ottawa Senators of the QSHL in 1950–51, and the Kitchener-Waterloo Dutchmen of the OHA in 1958–59.

Durnan set a long-standing modern NHL record between February 26 and March 6, 1949, when he registered four consecutive shutouts, not allowing a goal over a span of 309 minutes, 21 seconds. This record stood until 2004, when Brian Boucher, then of the Phoenix Coyotes, broke it with five straight shutouts in 332:01 minutes. He was ranked 5th all-time in career wins, shutouts and GAA.

Durnan was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1964. In 383 regular-season games, Durnan had 208 wins, and 112 losses, with 34 shutouts and a 2.36 goals-against average. He had 27 wins, and 12 losses, with two shutouts and a 2.07 average in 45 playoff games. Durnan also won the 1940 Allan Cup with the Kirkland Lake Blue Devils.

Playing style
Durnan was an ambidextrous goalie, equally adept at using his right or left hand (he wore special gloves that permitted him to catch with either hand while still holding his stick), and was a very good stand-up goaltender due to his relatively taller stature for his time.

Personal life
Durnan was born and raised in Toronto. He was married to Mandy Durnan (born 1915).

Durnan died of kidney failure on October 31, 1972. He suffered from diabetes in his last years and his health had been failing steadily.

The Aréna Bill-Durnan, a community ice rink, is located in the Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce borough of Montreal.

Awards

 * Allan Cup champion in 1940.
 * NHL first All-Star team goalie in 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950.
 * Won the Vezina Trophy in 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950.
 * Played in NHL All-Star Game in 1947, 1948, 1949.
 * Stanley Cup champion in 1944, 1946.
 * Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1964.
 * In 1998, he was ranked number 34 on The Hockey News' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players.
 * In January, 2017, Durnan was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history.

title: Bill Durnan


text:
Talk:Trixie Koontz

Votes for deletion
This page was recently nominated for deletion, and the consensus decision was to keep it. The deletion debate is archived here. ugen 64 03:41, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Trixie Koontz


text:
Area codes 909 and 840

Area codes 909 and 840 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan for the far-eastern part of Los Angeles County and southwestern San Bernardino County in the U.S. state of California. Area code 909 was created on November 14, 1992, in an area code split of 909, and 840 was added to the numbering plan area to form an overlay complex effective February 23, 2021.

History
In 1947, when the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) devised the first nationwide telephone numbering plan and assigned the original North American area codes, the state of California was divided into three numbering plan areas: 213, 415, and 916, for the southern, central, and northern parts of the state, respectively. The area served by 213 extended from Mexican border to the Central Coast. Starting in the 1950s, Southern California experienced rapid expansion of telephone service, requiring area code 213 to be split five times by 1998. The first split became necessary in 1951, when most of the southern and eastern portion, including San Diego and most of Orange County, was assigned area code 714.

On November 14, 1992, the numbering plan area 714 in southern California was divided in an area code split to form an additional numbering plan area, assigned the area code 909. After an initial permissive dialing period, dialing of the area code became mandatory in August 1993.

On August 26, 1999, the NANPA approved a request by the California Public Utilities Commission for a two-phase split/overlay plan to provide area code relief for 909. In the initial phase, nearly all of western Riverside County was to be split off from 909 into area code 951 on September 9, 2000. Meanwhile, preparation for phase two was to have begun on February 12, 2000, with 1+10-digit permissive dialing being introduced for the remainder of 909 in advance of a new 752 overlay NPA with an in-service date set for February 10, 2001. Because of the nationwide outcry and protests at the time regarding the large number of area code splits as well as outrage over the requirement of 10-digit dialing in regions now served by recently introduced overlay area codes, the CPUC decided they would mitigate consumers' complaints by implementing a series of two-phase "split/overlay" relief actions so that an "equal amount of inconvenience" would be experienced by each group: those who were losing their area code would get to keep seven-digit dialing for calls within their new area code, while the rest got to keep their original area code but would be required to dial 1+10 digits for all calls, be they local or long distance. However, with the implementation of 1,000-block number pooling, both portions of the 909 split/overlay were cancelled before either phase could be implemented. (Similar plans were being considered to provide relief to the 310, 415, 510, 760 and 818 area codes as well; however, due to number rationing, all were postponed indefinitely and later permanently cancelled.)

Nevertheless, even with numbering conservation measures in place, the NANPA determined in 2003 that 909 would indeed require relief. As had been originally planned in September of 2000, western Riverside County was split off from 909 and assigned area code 951 on July 17, 2004. 909 continued to serve small portions of Corona, Riverside, Moreno Valley, and the entire city of Calimesa, all of which are in Riverside County, as well as small portions of eastern Los Angeles and northern Orange Counties; area code 752 was returned to the numbering pool to be reassigned at a later date.

On July 23, 2019, the California Public Utilities Commission approved an all-services overlay for area code 909 with the new area code 840, effective February 23, 2021. A permissive dialing period was implemented from July 2020 to January 2021. While 840 numbers are issued to new subscribers, those with 909 numbers retain them.

Los Angeles County

 * Claremont
 * Diamond Bar
 * Glendora (mostly in the 626 area code)
 * City of Industry (mostly in the 626 area code and small portion in the 562 area code)
 * La Verne
 * Pomona
 * Rowland Heights (also in the 626 area code and small portion in the 562 area code)
 * San Dimas
 * Walnut (small portion in the 626 area code)
 * West Covina (mostly in the 626 area code)

Riverside County

 * Calimesa
 * Corona (mostly in the 951 area code)
 * Eastvale (mostly in the 951 area code)

San Bernardino County

 * Big Bear City
 * Big Bear Lake
 * Bloomington
 * Blue Jay
 * Chino Hills (small portion in the 657/714 area code)
 * Chino
 * Colton
 * Crestline
 * Fontana
 * Grand Terrace
 * Highland
 * Lake Arrowhead
 * Loma Linda
 * Lytle Creek
 * Mentone
 * Montclair
 * Muscoy
 * Ontario
 * Rancho Cucamonga
 * Redlands
 * Rialto
 * Running Springs
 * San Antonio Heights
 * San Bernardino
 * Sugarloaf
 * Upland
 * Yucaipa

title: Area codes 909 and 840


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Talk:Darwin on Trial

The paid agenda behind Johnson and his book

 * Talking about money, there is interesting controversy surrounding the funding of the Discovery Institute - see below. Ian Pitchford 13:39, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

'''From Genesis To Dominion Fat-Cat Theocrat Funds Creationism Crusade by Steve Benen Americans United for Separation of Church and State from: Church & State, July/August 2000'''

Anti-evolution crusader Phillip Johnson, dedicated his 1997 book, Defeating Darwinism by Opening Minds, to "Roberta and Howard, who understood 'the wedge' because they love the Truth."

The mysterious reference is apparently a note of thanks to Howard F. Ahmanson Jr. and his wife Roberta, a wealthy and secretive Orange County, Calif., couple who have generously funded the anti-evolution movement and other right-wing causes that advance their fundamentalist Christian outlook.

Howard Ahmanson, however, is no ordinary fat-cat. The savings and loan heir has maintained a long-time relationship with Christian Reconstructionism, an extreme faction of the Religious Right that seeks to replace American democracy with a harsh fundamentalist theocracy.

Reconstructionists believe conservative Christians should take "dominion" over American society. Under their version of "biblical law," the death penalty would be required for over a dozen categories of offenders, including adulterers, homosexuals, witches, incorrigible children and those who spread "false" religions. They regard the teaching of evolution as part of a "war against Genesis."

Ahmanson served for over two decades on the board of directors of the Chalcedon Foundation, Rousas J. Rushdoony's Reconstructionist think tank that serves as the intellectual center of the movement. Ahmanson has also generously supported the Foundation's work.

As for Ahmanson's interests in opposing evolution, his relationship with leaders such as Johnson raises a series of questions about how the movement to "defeat" evolution is paid for and what the larger agenda might be.

There is little doubt that the Ahmansons have the resources to help finance anti-evolution efforts. The family's wealth grew exponentially during the 1950s and '60s when Howard Ahmanson Sr, made billions in the savings and loan industry. After his death, his estate was divided between his son Howard F. Ahmanson and the Ahmanson Foundation, which had $663 million in assets at the end of 1996. (H.F. Ahmanson & Co., the parent company of Home Savings of America, had over $47 billion in assets in 1997.)

With a vast fortune in hand, the Ahmansons are playing an active role in ensuring the anti-evolution movement's success.

According to Reason magazine, promotional materials from the Seattle-based Discovery Institute acknowledge that the Ahmanson family donated $1.5 million to the Institute's Center for the Renewal of Science and Culture for a research and publicity program to "unseat not just Darwinism but also Darwinism's cultural legacy." In fact, the August 1999 issue of the Discovery Institute's Journal recognizes an Ahmanson outfit for providing the Center's start-up funds.

With such high-powered assistance, the Center has quickly become a leading anti-evolution organization. The center's senior fellows include some of the highest profile advocates of "Intelligent Design" creationism, including David Berlinski, William Dembski and Michael Behe. Johnson himself is listed among the center's two official advisors.

Additionally, Roberta Green Ahmanson provided the funding for Dembski to appear at her alma mater, Calvin College, a conservative Christian school in Michigan, to promote his approach to attacking evolution. Although he claims to be interested only in the scientific "evidence" against evolution, Dembski's appearance was listed as part of the college's "Seminars in Christian Scholarship."

Funding from the Ahmansons is not always obvious. For example, the Fieldstead Institute is an extension of the Ahmanson empire, which frequently provides financial support for creationist causes. Dembski's appearance at Calvin was sponsored by a group called Fieldstead and Company. (Both appear to derive their name from Howard's middle name, Fieldstead.)

Ahmanson has also taken an interest in providing money for other political causes, including support for voucher subsidies for religious schools and opposition to gay rights and pornography. In the January/February 1997 issue of Religion & Liberty, published by the Acton Institute for the Study of Religion and Liberty, he argued that the Bible opposes minimum wage laws.

Ahmanson's opposition to evolution remains part of his larger agenda of establishing a fundamentalist "Christian nation." In the coming years, as different groups and personalities step into the anti-evolution fray, Ahmanson's role bears watching.

Fair use rationale for Image:Darwin on Trial.jpg
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If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 00:59, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

Publication date?
This web page – IVP – Darwin on Trial – by the publisher (InterVarsity Christian Fellowship/USA) gives publication date of 1st edn. as 1992, 2nd edn. as December 1993: it's not uncommon for books to be printed showing a date earlier than the actual publication date, so it might be printed as 1991 but actually published early in 1992. Comment? ... dave souza, talk 21:56, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

Article's Crtiticism
The opening paragraph of the sub-section "Criticisms" seems very out of place. It reads as follows: "Critics suggest that Johnson is neither impartial nor open-minded. Evolution is accepted by the vast majority of the scientific community, including many theists who regard intelligent design as unscientific. They argue that Johnson reiterates many creationist arguments that are simply false, uses a God of the gaps argument, relies on equivocation, presents straw man version of mainstream scientific thought, and generally uses typical lawyers' "tricks" of argumentation." Whoever made this edit did not back it up with any of the listed references that I see, sounds very one-sided and unecessarily critical, and was overall foolish in their argument. For example the sub-section states that the author "reitterates creationist arguments that are simply false" while not applying said arguments elsewhere in the article; and, stating that he "uses the God of gaps argument" while Phillip Johnson has made it exceedingly clear that he does not take a formal stand on the age of the earth. I was going to simply remove this part of the article, but realizing its size I decided to post the preceeding message in the discussion area here. If you have anything to say including oppositing to the paragraph's deletion please make it clear. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Justtheinformation (talk • contribs) 08:44, 28 June 2007
 * God of the gaps has nothing to do with "a formal stand on the age of the earth."
 * The list of critical reviews provide numerous examples of where "Johnson reiterates many creationist arguments that are simply false," e.g.:

 * I would suggest that this paragraph is well-substantiated. Hrafn42 09:58, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

This is why I along with many other people don't even use wikipedia as a credible reference source. This article isn't even pretending to be objective on the topic. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Holmes245 (talk • contribs) 17:38, 30 July 2007
 * Ur youse tryin tae be objective? . . . ;) . . . dave souza, talk 19:04, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

Saying "Critics suggest that Johnson is neither impartial nor open-minded" seems to be silly. Of course Johnson is not impartial. He is writing a book presenting his opinion on a subject he is studying. Supporters of Evolution who write books are not impartial either. There are very few writers of books who are impartial. If they were we would not want to read their books because they would be boring. Why critisize Johnson for having an opinion. It is his book.--Justwonderingiv (talk) 13:25, 10 July 2010 (UTC)

Is this for real?
I literally did a double-take when I read:

" ... sexual selection, of which he asks, why would an 'uncaring mechanical process' (natural selection) 'produce a species whose females lust for males with life-threatening decorations?'"

I would almost think this was a citation out of context, because the dumbfounded answer would be: "Why would a DESIGN process produce a species whose females lust for males with life-threatening decorations?!" MrG 4.228.21.246 (talk) 02:01, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

I would also add: this is hardly an unbiased article. The very first sentence uses three words/phrases that signal to the reader that the author/book is "wrong." Note: purported, creationism, and quote marks. This article doesn't tell you what the book is so much as it tells you what to think about it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:285:4000:B78:C152:DCBA:956C:7F4E (talk) 16:39, 1 February 2018 (UTC)
 * The lead should be a summary of the article (WP:LEAD). Recommended additional reading: Talk:Evolution/FAQ, scientific method, scientific theory, evolution as fact and theory, evidence of common descent.  — Paleo  Neonate  – 19:23, 1 February 2018 (UTC)

WP:UNDUE
The 'criticism' section is way too vague and general, and means that the article gives WP:UNDUE weight to Johnson's claims (contained in the far longer 'Overview' section). There are plenty of criticisms listed in the ELs, I'll have a go at working them into the article at some stage. HrafnTalkStalk 15:57, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

Overview
I'm being BOLD and removing an uncited portion that reads like WP:OR. It needs page numbers/sources for WP:V. Right now it reads like a review. We66er (talk) 17:43, 25 July 2008 (UTC)
 * The citation is to the book itself. Per WikiProject_Books/Non-fiction_article, a summary of the book's contents is appropriate.  At best, removing the content just forces someone to go through and add citations to specific chapters.  Unless the material is inaccurate, it's inappropriate to remove it wholesale.  WLU (talk) 17:55, 25 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I must admit that I have also been uncomfortable with this section. This detailed a synopsis really should have page citations. Also it might be considered giving WP:UNDUE weight to the book's claims vis-a-vis criticisms of the book and of these claims. HrafnTalkStalk 18:28, 25 July 2008 (UTC)

 * WLU, Its not enough to claim that a statement is in a book. You must give page references on where a reader can find that claim. The whole thing read like a poorly done sympathetic review of the book, but lacking references. We66er (talk) 01:41, 26 July 2008 (UTC)
 * It's undue weight to give credibility to the ideas, it is not undue weight to give a summary but it is part of the guidance in books. I've read the book, I'm an editor in good standing and think DoT is laughably bad, and I also think the summary may have been lengthy but was accurate.  At minimum, a discussion of the central ideas is appropriate; the summary may have read like OR, but it's not, it's a summary.  If you want me to get a copy out of the library and re-cite, I'll do so.  WLU (talk) 12:25, 1 August 2008 (UTC)

 * The 'Overview' repeatedly stated Johnson's claims as fact -- even when they are disputed by genuine experts (e.g. Gould for Johnson's claim that he "evaluates the evidence for evolution by natural selection") and his own statements (e.g. on his impartiality). Further, it allowed most of Johnson's claims to stand without mentioning their rebuttal by the scientific community -- a blatant violation of WP:UNDUE. I have attempted to rectify some of this, and will attempt to do so further in the future. HrafnTalkStalk 15:29, 1 August 2008 (UTC)
 * True, I think a better solution might be to integrate the overview and the criticisms sections. The chapters are more-or-less self-contained to a single idea, if there is a criticism of each idea by Gould or another reviewer, then that could work to counterbalance the undue weight issue; as is, for a reader to realize DOT is utter nonsense they have to read first the overview, then the criticisms section.  Integrating Gould's review along with Scott's, and anything we can get from, say, talk.origins may be a better way of placing due weight on Johnson's appalingly bad and unfortunately predictable reiteration of creationist errors, mis-representations and quote mining.  Here is another one, from a Christian none the less, which can be integrated 'cause DOT is fringe.  Here is one from the web archive.  The reviews integrated into the text would allow a much greater demonstration of how flawed the book and its approach is, which could better be placed in the lead.  But, as ever, it takes time and I doubt I'll have it.  WLU (talk) 15:51, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, that's what I've been trying to do -- at least partially. We may have problems where the overlap isn't perfect (Johnson's claims that lack a specific rebuttal, or claims that are too summarised in the article to tell what the specific rebuttal was, criticism that's too general to put up against a specific claim) -- particularly if the point is sufficiently prominent that it requires WP:DUE weight. HrafnTalkStalk 17:23, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

{bing!}Genie Scott provides a statement I think might be worth quoting in full about the book - she points out my impression while reading, that there's nothing new here despite being heralded as the be-all and end-all of "new" creationism. I initially read it hoping it would provided something demonstrating the advancement of ID. From her review: It would take a very long essay to criticize all or even most of Johnson’s scientific errors. Many are recycled from earlier, long since refuted critiques of evolution presented by "scientific" creationists. As in creationist literature, we find the familiar "gaps in the fossil record", "natural selection is a tautology", "there are no transitional fossils", "mutations are harmful", "natural selection is not creative", "microevolution does not explain macroevolution", "natural selection only produces variation within the ´kind´", and "proof" of special creation by demonstrations of structural complexity such as the vertebrate eye and strands of DNA, as well as many other old saws. WLU (talk) 18:20, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

New comment
It's worth mentioning that while this page lists a summary of Johnson's book, a brief overview of the topics suggest, and then jumps into the criticisms, there is literally no rebuttal of those criticisms, no mention of the fact that he addresses them in a later version of his book, and no mention of the defenders of this book or their ideas. This article is biased in the extreme and is laughably one sided —Preceding unsigned comment added by User: (talk • contribs)
 * Much like the book itself, which is a systematic rehash of every flawed argument ever made by a Creationist. This page gives due weight on the scholarly majority of biologists, who see the book as a frankly pathetic attempt at criticizing evolution.  Which it is. Seriously, it's laughable.  WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 15:49, 27 March 2010 (UTC)
 * True, but it would only be fair to mention the second edition and his rebuttals. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.20.111.92 (talk) 03:18, 11 April 2010 (UTC)

Reception
I find that the line "The book was initially ignored by the scientific community, but was ultimately reviewed, and panned, by Stephen Jay Gould in Scientific American." very one sided and misleading. 1. Who says that no-one in the scientific community read the book and considered its ideas important? 2. Who qualifies as being included in "the scientific community"? 3. Is Stephen Jay Gould an acredited spokesman for "the scientific community" or is he self-appointed? 4. Who has decreed that Stephen Jay Gould's review of the book was the ultimate review? 4. The word "panned" is hardly impartial. 5. Are there possible reasons why scientists who agree with "Darwin on Trial" chose not to write positive reviews of the book, or maybe they wrote positive reviews which were not considered appropriate for the journals which publish such reviews?

It could be stated instead "Stephen Jay Gould has provided a review of the book in Scientific American", with a proper citation. Let the interested reader then read the review and make up his or her own mind about the success of Mr. Gould's analysis of the book. --Justwonderingiv (talk) 04:38, 10 July 2010 (UTC)
 * As a creationism text, it is scientifically unimportant. It's a religious and political book, not a scientific one (and not particularly important for either of those fields either).  Johnson may be a good lawyer, but scientifically he's a hack who recycles old arguments with barely a new coat of paint.  Considering how unimportant creationism is, and how important SJG was to both evolution and the fake PR-science of creationism, yeah, he gets a prominent place.  The page should not be impartial, it should appropriately portray the scientific community's reaction to the book - for the most part it was ignored, with a few scholars tearing it a new asshole.  Gould did pan the book, so the wording is appropriate.  "Let the reader/student/America make up their mind" is a common creationist tactic - essentially their only one, since they don't have any actual science or scientists on their side - and one that should not appear here.  Due weight, and neutral point of view, means the book is treated as the shoddy piece of work it is.  WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 05:00, 13 July 2010 (UTC)

Eugenie Scott Quoted in the introductory Paragraph inappropriate.
It seems to me that quoting Eugenia Scott in the introductory paragraph is quite inappropriate. Her comment immediately puts a bias in the readers mind against the book. If her comment is correct, and that may be debatable, it would be better included in the criticisms section. From what I have read of Eugenie Scott she also has her own agenda and biases. She is not a completely impartial judge either.--Justwonderingiv (talk) 13:42, 10 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Eugenia Scott is a well known critic of creationism, one that they all hate to see because she knows exactly what kind of bullshit they are trying to pull. It's not bias to include her comment, she is a reliable source on the matter, speaking in an area of her expertise, on an area that's nothing but a religious circle-jerk.  She, at least, honestly summarizes the true state of science and debate, and unlike creationists doesn't lie to her primary audience to score cheap points.  She should not be ghettoized to a criticisms section, she should remain in the lead as is appropriate to a neutral article.  WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 05:04, 13 July 2010 (UTC)

Hull's review in Nature
WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 11:25, 29 October 2010 (UTC)

Reviews
In the reviews list, possibly that two would have been appropriate: and. Thanks for the cleanup, — Paleo Neonate  – 02:52, 2 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Feel free to re-introduce them as narrative, not just bare links, or discuss specific ones here first if you prefer. Articles are like rugs: every now and then, they need the dust beaten out :-) Guy (Help!) 09:26, 2 December 2017 (UTC)
 * This is a bit old, but it turned out that the removed ones I was concerned about were duplicates anyway. — Paleo  Neonate  – 16:18, 14 July 2018 (UTC)

Contents summary
thanks for the improvements. It's been a few weeks since I wonder about this content. Some book articles do appear to have a content summary although in this case, since it's non-scientific literature about science (and rooted in very old literature, science-wise) it's difficult to assess if it's appropriate. My impression would be that a minimal summary would be better with more emphasis on reviews. The article contained a list of reviews that was recently pruned; some of those could be restored inline with material (the above thread lists some). The book is itself a primary source (to talk about itself) and a large summary consequently results in a type of antievolution soapboxing... — Paleo Neonate  – 22:49, 29 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Just a quick start, the whole section needs drastic pruning as it still presents an in-universe reiteration of Johnson's common creationist claims. Presented out of context, it amounts to a Gish gallop for the reader to try to digest, and fails WP:NPOV by detailing Johnson's questionable arguments as though they're undisputed. . . dave souza, talk 10:09, 30 December 2017 (UTC)

 * My intent is to present a simple summary of what Johnson says as he says it. As it is, this is a massive condensation of the book, trying to hit what seem to be his major points.  I'm not making any kind of statement about if Johnson is right or wrong, rather, I'm just presenting what he says.  As such it is a summary and not a review of the book.  I figure that any review and criticism would appear in the critical section below perhaps set up in the same chapter by chapter arrangement to make clear and distinct comparisons between his position and his critics.  We have nothing to fear by letting him put his own foot in his mouth, so to speak.  --OtisDixon (talk) 02:40, 31 December 2017 (UTC)
 * So your intent was to use the summary section for uncritical reiteration of a lawyer's case as though it can be trusted: see WP:NPOV for the need to show his arguments in context of the mainstream view about his misrepresentations. . . dave souza, talk 18:47, 1 January 2018 (UTC)

 * It's my understanding that the critic section is intended to counter his statements, i.e., his statements followed by critical analysis. The summary makes no commitment to whether he is correct or incorrect.  Then the critical section analyses his positions.  I'm assuming that most people don't know what he has to say, so they can read the summary section and then read the critical section to get the full perspective.  As I said, we have nothing to fear from presenting what he says, so long as it is followed by a critical analysis.  This way you know what he actually says, avoiding possible misrepresentation.  Then his falshoods and misrepresentations can be clearly shown in the critical section.  --OtisDixon (talk) 20:22, 1 January 2018 (UTC)
 * WP:STRUCTURE is policy: Segregation of text or other content into different regions or subsections, based solely on the apparent POV of the content itself, may "create an apparent hierarchy of fact where details in the main passage appear "true" and "undisputed", whereas other, segregated material is deemed "controversial", and therefore more likely to be false. Try to achieve a more neutral text by folding debates into the narrative, rather than isolating them into sections that ignore or fight against each other." Particularly where WP:PSCI is being uncritically repeated. . . dave souza, talk 21:39, 1 January 2018 (UTC)

Popper-chopping
There's repetitive Popper-chopping in trying to outline Johnson's argument about supposed tautology, which needs to be drastically pruned. A further bit was added citing Popper in support of Johnson, which I've removed:
 * Johnson quoted Popper's defense, "some of the greatest contemporary Darwinists themselves formulate the theory in such a way that it amounts to the tautology that those organisms that leave most offspring leave most offspring,"ref>

Not an immediately accessible source, fortunately has a longer quote of Popper's statement that he had "tried to explain how the theory of natural selection could be untestable (as is a tautology) and yet of great scientific interest. My solution was that the doctrine of natural selection is a most successful metaphysical research programme." Popper did "still believe that natural selection works in this way as a research programme. Nevertheless, I have changed my mind about the testability and the logical status of the theory of natural selection; and I am glad to have an opportunity to make a recantation." Johnson seems to think a recantation is a defense – maybe it looks that way to a lawyer? Too much detail for a summary. . . dave souza, talk 10:23, 30 December 2017 (UTC)
 * The sentence is directly from Johnson's book as he quotes Popper. I'm not commenting on whether Johnson is right or wrong, only that this is what he says.  --OtisDixon (talk) 05:37, 31 December 2017 (UTC)
 * So it was wrong to source it to Popper – the misrepresentation of Popper is all Johnson's work, and has to be shown in context to give due weight to mainstream views. . . dave souza, talk 18:49, 1 January 2018 (UTC)
 * The book has the quote from Popper and is sourced to Popper. In the summary, I included both the quote and the source as found in the book showing what Johnson was using in his argument.  I'm not making any comment to whether Johnson is using the quote properly or not.  The critical section is there to give due weight to the mainstream view.  It is likely that the critical section is inadequate at this point.  --OtisDixon (talk) 20:30, 1 January 2018 (UTC)
 * As in the preceding discussion section, WP:STRUCTURE is policy against segregation of text or other content into different regions or subsections, try to achieve a more neutral text by folding debates into the narrative, rather than isolating them into sections that ignore or fight against each other. WP:PSCI needs context, and putting Johnson's creationist claim in one large section, then a dozen paragraphs and a new section later saying "oh, but he's talking bollocks" doesn't cut it. . dave souza, talk 21:48, 1 January 2018 (UTC)

Sockpuppets of Allenroyboy who have edited this article
OtisDixon, FrancisGrant, Barthlomuelchance and LokiMbili. Doug Weller talk 16:24, 23 May 2018 (UTC)

Adding Ethanfgrant. — Paleo Neonate  – 07:50, 28 May 2019 (UTC)

July 2018 improvements
It's long been on my TODO list and I tried to improve the article today, please review. Among changes, the "Author" section was removed since it was unsourced and contained implausible claims. The critical reviews ("Criticism" section) was merged with the others in "Reception". One Reason magazine external link was dropped as it only had a mention of the book. Some formulations were also changed in order to avoid suggesting that evolution is "the theory of evolution of Darwin", which while partly correct, is usually worded this way to suggest that evolution is a hypothesis rather than a scientific theory and that it's the ideas of one man, despite all the discoveries and evidence. While I'm aware of WP:HONORIFICS, I have left "law professor" since it seems important to mention that it is not the work of a biologist. Two potential issues that I have not addressed: there are currently two links to creation science because two different expressions are used (i.e. "scientific creationism"). The "Reviews" section is actually an external links collection, but should probably be formatted with templates (I could do that as a next step when I have the time). Thanks, — Paleo Neonate  – 16:42, 14 July 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Darwin on Trial


text: Template:Clear left

title: Template:Clear left