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Talk:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran

Name Translation
The other articles on Italian basilicas use their proper Italian names because they are known moreso by their Italian names (outside the United States), even by English-speaking people: Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, Basilica Palladiana, Basilica della Santissima Annunziata di Firenze, Basilica di San Lorenzo di Firenze, Basilica di San Miniato al Monte, Basilica di San Zanipolo, Basilica di Santa Croce di Firenze, Basilica di Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari, Basilica di Santa Maria Novella, Basilica di Santa Maria della Salute. Even many American institutions refer to the basilica by its Italian name. These examples establishes precedence to move this article to the proper title, "Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterno" with a redirect from its lesser used (outside the United States) English translation. --Gerald Farinas 02:14, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I wish I'd seen this when posted. In the case of St. John Lateran, it's just plain not true; Wikipedia looks very pedantic for the move. And "Basilica. . . ." is almost never used in speech, and infrequently in writing, to precede S. Maria Maggiore, S. Maria dei Frari, and most of the others in that list. Bill 11:14, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * someone moved this article to the english title, and you're bent on using the italian name within the article. if you're going to do that, use at least ONLY the italian name, and not a combination of both. there's still 9 "st. john"s in the article. you could have done a quick find-and-replace if you wanted to use the italian version. also there's no such thing as a "st. savior" as listed under the 'Roman Catholic liturgy' section. the only 'savoir' christians recognized is Christ. and no pope has canonized Him saint yet (that i'm aware of). so its "Holy Savior" no 'and/or' needed. in italian (as in spanish) 'santo' and 'santa' are used for people, places, things, and concepts. in some cases it means 'saint', in others 'holy'. in this case, its 'holy'. 4.230.153.169 19:36, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

Above respondent named 4.230.153.169 19:36, 15 September 2007 (UTC), wrote; "so its "Holy Savior" no 'and/or' needed. in italian (as in spanish) 'santo' and 'santa' are used for people, places, things, and concepts. in some cases it means 'saint', in others 'holy'. in this case, its 'holy'." I must disagree since the real meaning of the word(s) is basically the same. "Holy" Peter, is no different from "Saint" Peter! At least in my opinion. Perhaps it is in the vein of comparing a "place, or thing" to a person, but in the long run the sentiment remains the same, I.e. "venerate" "Definition of VENERATE. 1: to regard with reverential respect or with admiring deference . 2: to honor (as an icon or a relic) with a ritual act of devotion"  To me it makes little if no difference. Regards, Ronald L. Hughes96.19.159.196 (talk) 23:10, 30 August 2013 (UTC)

(old) Requested move

 * Laterno doesn't exist; the name of basilica is Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano

Support

 * Support The correct name is San Giovanni in LATERANO  not Laterno - St John in LATERAN
 * Support Italian name is LATERANO, not LATERNO. AFAIK Laterno hasn't got any sense. GhePeU 10:53, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Even with a google search you get much more hits with LATERANO than with LATERNO. Nova77 14:19, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Support The family were Laterani not Laterni. Why is this a voting issue? What if a bunch of people "voted" for Laterno? --Wetman 18:34, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

just searching a clear consensus; I can't move the page, probably because Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano exists as a redirect GhePeU 21:08, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Ok, so if nobody opposes I can move the page! Nova77 20:47, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I moved the page. I had to delete the already existing redirect in order to do so. --Gerald Farinas 21:00, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Good, I have erased the warning. Nova77 00:29, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Opening paragraph
1. Stated that it is "known in English as Saint John Lateran Basilica". I've never seen or heard that, not once. It is usually referred to as "St. John Lateran", or, in full, "the Basilica of St. John Lateran".

2. It is thoroughly misleading to state that it is one of "the five great ancient basilicas". An "ancient Roman basilica" is something totally different from a Catholic basilica dating back to ancient Roman times: see the various basilica articles. What is "great" about these is their canonical status in the modern Catholic Church; as ancient Roman edifices, they were insignificant or late, qualifying rather as paleochristian. Furthermore, there are many churches in Rome that date back to ancient Rome, including some that are also canonically basilicas in the Catholic sense (S. Agnese in Agone, S. Clemente, etc.); and at least one salient example that is a basilica in the architectural sense (S. Sabina).

3. An enumeration of the other four is not needed, and is taken care of by a link to the Category:Major Basilicas.

4. "Originally called Basilica Salvatoris and Archbasilica of the Holy Savior" is nonsense. The basilica system came much later than the origins of the church; the first is an (abbreviated) Latin name translated by the second; and most importantly, the phrase, as written, implied, that the church is no longer called that: but in fact it is, that's the current official name of the church (properly, Archibasilica Sanctissimi Salvatoris: Archbasilica of the Most Holy Savior) — the confession board at the entrance of the church so calls it.

5. "cathedral of the popes" is not as informative as it could be, and, again, somewhat misleading. Properly, it's the cathedral of Rome; the popes are the bishops of Rome.

Bill 11:14, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Agree with 1-4, though number 5 doesn't make much sense. The office of Pope is exactly the same as the office of Bishop of Rome.  The ecumenical powers that the Pope exercises are tied to the Roman see.  Thus, if the Pope resigned the episcopate of Rome, he would cease to be Pope.  Since Pope is merely a nickname for "Bishop of Rome", the terms "Cathedral of the Bishop of Rome" and "Cathedral of the Pope" are equivalent. Pmadrid 19:38, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

As much as I hate to, I just had to see if either Pmadrid/ Bill?, or myself might be more correct concerning his words, thusly "Since Pope is merely a nickname for "Bishop of Rome"...." I might well be wrong, but I think that "Pope" is merely a form of "Papa/Poppa", which is just another way to say "father!" "Pape/Pappe'/Padre, etc.", may also be correct in some documents? Probably nothing to really worry about? Regards, Ronald L. Hughes96.19.159.196 (talk) 22:56, 30 August 2013 (UTC)

 * Hang on, I think I misunderstood your #5. Here's an experiment.  If I were to say in the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis article that it is the cathedral of the Archbishop of St. Louis, would you object to that as well?  I.e. is your objection one of tying the cathedral to the person instead of the particular church?  If so, I think that's understandable, but it is notable to point out that the Pope's cathedra is in the Lateran and that, historically, it was his principal church and is now his seat de jure. Pmadrid 19:49, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not the best writer, am I! Yes, a cathedral isn't to be tied to a person, but to the place. Yes yes, I would object to a church being the "cathedral of the Archbishop of..." That church is the cathedral not of the archbishop, but of St. Louis. On the other hand, it's useful to point out that the Lateran is the pope's church: your edit does the trick. Bill 20:11, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The cathedral is the seat of the bishop of the diocese, not as a person but ex officio. Cathedral churches have been shifted: see Bishopric of Sion, for one example: the cathedra is not inherently tied to the place. --Wetman 22:55, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

 * (Just noticed this today.) Wetman is right on this; I was mistaken. I do stick by my edit, though — no accounting for human stubbornness! — on the grounds of simplicity. The technically correct form is as Wetman says, but might as well kept the almost universal shorthand, "cathedral of Placename". Bill 14:19, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

Requested move (Dec 05)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the debate was: it was moved—jiy (talk) 18:36, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

The basilica, unusually among Roman basilicas, is not widely known by Italian name but by its English translation. (The others simply aren't widely known.) Only in American English is there much usage in English of the Italian name, and that is probably because the US after Italy has the highest number of people of Italian descent who understandably use Italian names. Google searches show that the English name is more common among English speakers worldwide. Sourcebooks use it. It is used all over. Wikipedia policy is to use most common name (not the version in English!). If the Italian version was most common among worldwide speakers of English then the article would belong there. It isn't so it doesn't.

BTW WP does not always put a set of names in the one linguistic format. If some in a list are known in the native language and some in English, it follows that usage. So we have Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (English) followed by Umberto II of Italy (Italian) because for some reason English speakers refer to them that way. Ditto with Spanish monarchs. The same is true of locations. Just because most Roman basilicas are recognised (in so far as they are recognised at all) though Italian names does not mean that St. John Lateran must also be in Italian. We don't use the Italian for St. Peter's Basilica, for example. FearÉIREANN \(caint) 05:16, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

Voting

 * 1)  FearÉIREANN [[Image:Map of Ireland's capitals.png|15px]]\(caint)  05:16, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) JG of Borg 05:30, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) TCC (talk) (contribs) 06:14, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) LuiKhuntek 06:23, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Support move per reasons clearly spelled out by FearÉIREANN. It is essential that an encyclopedia, any kind of sourebook, or a news agency follow a set of standardized naming and style conventions. Wikipedia clearly has a very long way to go in that regard; but correcting any single non-standard page is always a step in the right direction. Naming conventions lays out a set of guidelines under which "article naming should give priority to what the majority of English speakers would most easily recognize, with a reasonable minimum of ambiguity, while at the same time making linking to those articles easy and second nature." The topic of this article is way outside my area of expertise. Still, looking at the religious and art history texts that I have on hand, I see that they use the English name. Since no one can seem to point to much evidence suggesting that the Italian name happens to be the more common usage among English-speakers, this article should be moved back. 172 07:15, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) AnnH (talk) 08:26, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) As much as I usually am in favour of using domestic names, in this case I can't be in favour of the Italian variant, sorry. [[Image:European-Austrian flag hybrid.svg|20px]] ナイトスタリオン ✉ 09:12, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) I concur: on the English Wiki the English form should be the default option, if there's no reason for doing otherwise (and the original is Latin anyway). But take care that it's "Saint John in (the) Lateran" and not "St. John Lateran", as if Lateran were John#s family name (not that you would, but I've just read it above). Str1977 09:48, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) English speakers surely never talk about "the Basilica di anything". They may call some Italian churches or basilicas by the Italian name, but always with "of", never with "di".  If the other articles mentioned by Gerald Farinas do in fact have "di", they should all be corrected. For instance, who really says in English: "the Basilica di Santa Croce di Firenze", rather than "the basilica of Santa Croce in Florence"?  Should the name of the church itself be in English?  I think usage varies. But English speakers certainly know the four major basilicas in Rome best by the English form of their names, which they often use without expressing the word "basilica" or "church", saying: "Saint Peter's", "Saint Mary Major's", "Saint Paul's outside (or without) the Walls".  When those who built the American Episcopal church in Rome called it "Saint Paul's within the Walls", they were obviously thinking of this last name in its English form, not of "San Paolo fuori le Mura". Lima 10:56, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) Support We commonly use the anglicized name in English. Basilica of Saint John Lateran. I know there is a concern about "of the" but the use is commonly John Lateran. Dominick (TALK) 13:06, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Support. While an Italian-speaker would look for the church as now titled, why would she be doing so on English Wiki rather than on Italian Wiki? And to the rest of us mortals, the almost universal name for the church is St. John Lateran. I'd even drop the "Basilica of" — there's only one in the world: "Lateran" identifies the place. Bill 14:13, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
 * 12) Support Would note alternative names and would make sure that alternative names point to the entry, but would call the entry by the phrase used most often in the English speaking world to refer to the basilica. Makes perfect sense. Used2BAnonymous 08:12, 6 December 2005 (UTC)
 * 13) Support using the most widely recognized English name. CDThieme 00:49, 7 December 2005 (UTC)
 * 14) Pmadrid 01:23, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

Discussion

 * 1) Tentative Support Not because I object to using the english name, however the name that is proposed is wrong in my opinion. Isn't it "Basilica of St. John in Lateran" or something similar to that? I think we need to have a discussion first on the correct english naming, anyone please comment. Gryffindor  22:27, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

 * The English language version used in St. John Lateran. in may be the literally correct translation but it isn't used in that form in English. FearÉIREANN [[Image:Map of Ireland's capitals.png|15px]]\(caint)  22:44, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

 * And I confirm that St. John Lateran (no *in) is the standard English form. Bill 00:02, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

On page 3 of today's International Herald Tribune (at least the European edition) there is a photograph of some homeless people who yesterday "öccupied Rome's biggest church, St. John Lateran". Italian and German use the preposition "in"; French and Spanish (Saint-Jean de Latran, San Juan de Letrán) use "de" (of); but the centuries-old English usage employs no preposition whatever. Lima 12:55, 6 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah ha I see, because when I do a search on Google (yes I know, not the annoying Google search again but sometimes useful for orientation purposes) i get 23,600 hits for the in version, and 57,500 for the without version. hm... the (St. John) basilica is after all in the Lateran, which is the name of the place, correct? Gryffindor  19:01, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

It may well be, but it is not called that, simply the St. John Lateran. The fact that 23,600 hits show up for the in version just shows yet again the amount of bullshit google searches throws up (another case of the Charles Windsor fiasco, methinks!!!). FearÉIREANN \(caint) 19:09, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

Another name that's used (though I don't know how common it is in English) is simply Lateran Basilica. Str1977 03:06, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

 * We can make that a redirect. JG of Borg 03:23, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

Actually I was thinking of that name as the title of the actual article, not just a redirect. I'm still unconfy with "St. John Lateran" without the "in" - it sounds like "St. John Fisher". Maybe the missing "in" was the actual reason for preferring the Italian name. Lateran Basilica also deals with the fact that the basilica was not always dedicated to St. John. Please consider this. Str1977 23:45, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

 * The problem is simply that the in in never used in English name. The name is simply St John Lateran in English. FearÉIREANN [[Image:Map of Ireland's capitals.png|15px]]\(caint)  00:06, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

 * While it's true that languages evolve, and often on the principle of "bad money drives out good", i.e., uneducated and popular forms eventually win out, especially when assisted by analogy or simplicity, over the originally correct form — in the case of the English names of monuments in Rome vel sim., the people talking about those monuments are most likely going to be following traditional nomenclature. By and large I'm an evolutionist in language matters, but there's no point in artificially speeding up the decay. (And no, "St. Mary Major" shouldn't call to mind St. Mary Magdalen....) Bill 00:14, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

Given 100% support in voting for the renaming, the renaming has now been done. FearÉIREANN \(caint) 00:24, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Deleted text
The following text has been deleted from the article, perhaps in error: "Twice the Lateran Palace and basilica have been rededicated. Pope Sergius III dedicated them to Saint John the Baptist in the 10th century in honor of the newly consecrated basilica baptistry. Pope Lucius II dedicated the Lateran Palace and basilica to Saint John the Evangelist in the 12th century. The church became the most important shrine in honor of the two saints, not often jointly venerated (but see Peruzzi Chapel, Santa Croce, Florence). In later years, a Benedictine monastery was established at the Lateran Palace, devoted to serving the basilica as a devotional to the two saints." The text appears informative and essentially correct. --Wetman 03:33, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

Misidentified photo
In attempting to use Wikipedia to label my own Rome photos, I realized that a photo on this page is mislabeled. The one labeled "Triclinium of Leo III" does depict not a triclinium at all. It is an apse, apparently called a tribune, with copies of the mosaics from Leo III's triclinium (dining room) in the ancient Lateran Palace (see that article, last paragraph of text, for a good description). Also found some other links identifying it. Just thought I'd explain myself before I edit. And all because I am trying to be too anal in labeling my some thousand Italy photos (at this rate, I'll never finish). —LonelyPilgrim 05:39, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I suppose it would help if I would actually read this article. Still, I think the picture needs a better caption. —LonelyPilgrim 05:43, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Does anybody think this picture needs to be also (or perhaps instead) in the Lateran Palace article? —LonelyPilgrim 05:47, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

 * The illustration of the "Holy Steps" does not show the Scala Sancta either. The naive text that accompanies the illustration here might be replaced with a condensed version of Scala Sancta, to the general improvement of this somewhat eroding article. --Wetman 10:45, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Inscription and location
In the Lateran Palace section this article states "the words Sacrosancta Lateranensis ecclesia omnium urbis et orbis ecclesiarum mater et caput are incised in the main door". But the article Lateran says that the inscription is "at the base of the columns on either side of the central entrance door", and reads "SACROS LATERAN ECCLES OMNIUM URBIS ET ORBIS ECCLESIARUM MATER ET CAPUT". Which of these is correct, or are both correct? --Blainster 04:27, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

 * IIRC the Lateran version is at the base of the columns. The Lateran account is a simple transcription of the inscription in abbreviated form. The full version is easier to read and should be preferred in my opinion. It appears for instance on this vase, offered by French President Charles De Gaulle as an honorary canon of the basilica. Jastrow (Λέγετε) 21:31, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

Still confused about the name
Forgive my ignorance but the question I can here to clarify isn't really in either the article or the discussion. What it the relationship between the names: St. John & Our Saviour? The article and discusion lead me to think that Basilica of Our Savior at some point replaced St. John's which is no longer an offical name. Yet it is almost always as in this article in practice referred to as St. John's which would be incorrect or at least no longer correct. I heard somewhere, (no, i don't remember where, hence I was looking it up here) that it is the Basilica of Our Saviour & Cathedral of St. John's Lateran BUT NOT Baslica of St. John's or the Cathedral of Our Saviour. The only similar arrangement I know of is that in Monreal the same church is both the Basilica of Mary Queen of the World and the Cathedral of St. James the Greater. (editing my own comment per teh wikipedia article on same the Montreal Cathedral is Mary Queen of teh World completely replacing the St. James nae, so this doesn't help with St. John's/Our Saviour If someone could make quite explicitly clear the status of this church's name or names, I'd appreciate it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.16.146.33 (talk) 17:33, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

 * The full official name is (in Italian): Arcibasilica del Santissimo Salvatore e dei Santi Giovanni Battista ed Evangelista in Laterano. I added the missing bits. Gugganij (talk) 23:57, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

Dear user Gugganij! Iguess the larger question is just what did the word or prepostion, etc. actually mean in the original inscription? Does it mean "of" or merely an abbreviation of the English words "in the", etc.? Actually I could make a large jump and inquire about the original "Gens" or as I understand the meaning of "gens" as "the family called" such and such. And in this case, it not hard to associate the various variations of "Laterano, Lateran, etc. as merely a spelling version of the word in English "Latin(s)".. It is not a large leap since Latin became the mother language of this very church. Your views are expected.  Regards, Ronald L. Hughes96.19.159.196 (talk) 00:54, 13 September 2013 (UTC)

Category:Cathedrals in Italy
I have defied the following instruction:

jnestorius(talk) 17:52, 27 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Excluding the actual article from the category is unacceptable, because the category mechanism is intended to be two-way, ie to allow navigation from article to category as well as from category to article. Removing this article from Category:Cathedrals in Italy breaks one half of this navigation.
 * It is a deficiency of the current Category system that, while categories can be sorted by a specified alias, the name listed in the category is the article name and not the sorting alias. Thus, in this case, attempting to use Category:Cathedrals in Italy as a way of listing all cathedrals in Italy by the name of the city will not work where the article does not include the name of the city: "Basilica of St. John Lateran" can be sorted under R for Rome, but the relevant city is not obvious to someone reading the Category page.  Using a redirect page for the sort is a partial workaround for this.  A better workaround, if sorting cathedrals by cityname is really important, is to create a page with a table with, say, the name of the cathedral, the diocese, the city, the relevant saint, the current bishop, etc.  There is already List of the Roman Catholic dioceses in Italy which might be expanded in this direction.

Which country?
Is this in Italy or in the Holy See? Can someone please specify this in the article? Stifle (talk) 22:36, 8 November 2008 (UTC)
 * The church is located outside Vatican City's boundaries but with the principle of extraterritoriality, the Vatican controls it. – Howard  the   Duck  07:41, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

If it is located outside of the boundaries of the Vatican City, shouldn't the location be given as Rome, and not Vatican. You wouldn't describe the Swedish embassy in Rome as being in Sweden, even though it too operates according to the same principle. This Basilica is in Rome, not the Vatican City. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.147.129.95 (talk) 14:03, 9 March 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree. Two points: 1. The Lateran Treaties stipulate that certain areas in and outside Rome are extraterritorial property of the Holy See (and not of the Vatican City). 2. By international law, extraterritorial areas (e.g. embassies) remain being part of the host country's territory (in this case Italy). Therefore, all papal basilicas (with the obvious exception of Saint Peter's) are on Italian soil. I changed the article accordingly. Gugganij (talk) 21:10, 15 May 2012 (UTC)

President of France
I see that "The President of the French Republic is ex officio the 'first and only honorary canon' of the basilica, a title inherited from the Kings of France who held it since Henri IV."

Would this hold true if the President of the French Republic were not a Catholic? Or would some other French official hold the position in his place? john k (talk) 22:58, 17 August 2009 (UTC)

 * The story is old: Louis XI in 1482 granted the chapter managing the Church of St. John Lateran in Rome with the rights over the abbey Clairac. Some years after his conversion to Catholicism Henri IV confirms these rights in 1604. In recognition, the chapter erected a statue of the King, which still exists today, and each year celebrates in the basilica a Mass on the day of his birth, December 13. They also granted Henri IV and his successors, the title of honorary canon. The French Revolution put an end to duties got from the abbey in 1791. However, Louis XVIII, Charles X and Napoleon III allocate an annuity payable until 1870. (see http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibasilique_Saint-Jean-de-Latran). In 1905 came the on the Separation of the Churches and the State. Between 1905 & 1957, the president ceased to be an honorary canon (or refused to accept the title or didn't not formally claimed it?? I don't know where to put the nuance - citations needed). I don't think the Popes in their own cathedral ever suspended the title. It should have remained vacant but I might be wrong (here again citations are needed).

 * It is only in 1957 that the President René Coty decided to go back to Rome and accept the title during a formal ceremony. He was followed by Charles de Gaulle, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, Jacques Chirac and Nicolas Sarkozy. Not by Georges Pompidou, or François Mitterrand, who do not reject the title but did not formally accepted it (Article in French). It is a very sensitive political matter since the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, (see President Sarkozy's polemic speech that followed his "installation" as canon).
 * It should be worth adding a section to the current article but I can't find reliable academic sources to back it. What do you think? Alberto Fernandez Fernandez (talk) 08:27, 18 August 2009 (UTC)
 * What is the basis for what you just wrote? What sources did you use for that?  I'd say that whatever sources you used for that would be fine for adding this material to the article until better sources can be found. john k (talk) 02:11, 19 August 2009 (UTC)
 * BTW, did French presidents between 1871 and 1905 (i.e. Thiers, Mac-Mahon, Grévy, Carnot, Casimir-Perier, Faure, and Loubet) have any connection with the title? john k (talk) 02:12, 19 August 2009 (UTC)

Solemnity vs. Feast
In the liturgical calendar revised after Vatican II, the former complex system of ranking feasts has been simplified. In order of importance today from most to least: solemnity, feast, obligatory memorial, and optional memorial. The feast day of the Basilica of St. John Lateran has never been a solemnity. In the former calendar it was a double of the second class. In today's calendar it is a feast. The confusion may have arisen from the fact that IN THE CHURCH ITSELF, the date of dedication (as well as the feast day of the patron saint) is celebrated as a solemnity. This applies to cathedrals, basilicas, and parish churches. Likewise, these two occasions with respect to the cathedral are celebrated as solemnities throughout the diocese. I have changed the text to reflect his fact. Caeruleancentaur (talk) 10:13, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

Bombing
I am pretty sure that either the Lateran Basilica or the Lateran Palace (next door) or both were bombed by the mafia in response to John Paul II's anti-mafia statments. Should a section be added

--75.36.35.109 (talk) 19:15, 15 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Not unless you can verify the event. "Pretty sure " is not good enough. Laurel Lodged (talk) 12:49, 16 June 2010 (UTC)
 * "Several months later on a sleepy summer night in Rome, bombs placed by the Mafia exploded in two churches in Rome, including the Basilica of St John in Lateran, the pope's cathedral in his capacity as bishop of Rome." - http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39484767/ns/world_news-europe/ — ceejayoz talk 16:10, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

"Official" Latin title
I doubt this is the official Latin title, since it contains a number of grammatical errors. In correct Latin, it should be "Ioannis", rather than Iohannes (standard Latin spelling and genitive case), and Baptistae and Evangelistae (again: genitive case; correct in the infobox but not in the text). See e.g. the article in the Latin WP. Now Vatican Latin isn't always faultless, but I cannot imagine they would give their main church an official title in pig Latin. In fact, so far I have not found any official source that gives the title in Latin, even though the internet is filled with references to that "official" name in bad Latin, often, no doubt, copied from Wikipedia. Greetings Dumbox (talk) 14:51, 7 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I have studied Latin and Greek for years and I am in total agreement that the grammar of the title, as it currently stands (three years after this comment was left here), is mistaken. I will attempt to find some indication of the Latin name of the basilica and cite it so this erroneous title can be corrected. — AJDS talk 14:53, 2 November 2017 (UTC)

Etymology chapter
The Etymology chapter is kind of a tautology. The chapter should be removed or substantially changed pointing to an explanation of what Laterano means (Horti Laterani, a land parcel owned by the Roman family of the Plauzi Laterani). Something more can be found here, but is in Italian.

Requested move 22 June 2019

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved. (closed by non-admin page mover)  qedk ( t  桜  c ) 18:37, 29 June 2019 (UTC)

Archbasilica of St. John Lateran → Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran – The inconsistency between "St" and "St." is a never-ending nuisance. Since we don't need to save ink on Wikipedia, we may as well just go simple. More than one inlink seem to support this rendering. Terribly sorry if we've been over this before. As a minor detail this would be per WP:CONSISTENCY with for example Cathedral of Saint Elias and Saint Gregory the Illuminator, as recently emphasised by Talk:Cathedral of Saint Elias and Saint Gregory the Illuminator. PPEMES (talk) 12:39, 22 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Support per nom. -- Necrothesp (talk) 13:32, 26 June 2019 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Who is the saint?
Is the church named after a saint named St John Lateran? Or is it named after St John the Apostle, with Lateran(us) being just the name of the building, and the ancient Roman family who originally owned it? Koro Neil (talk) 07:41, 22 May 2020 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 02:40, 18 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Lateran Obelisk HD.jpg

The doors
It is stated in the article about the Curia Julia that the bronze doors in this basilica are from the Curia Julia, but I have not found the corresponding information in this article. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curia_Julia#/media/File:Ancient_Roman_Senate_Bronze_doors.jpg 31.211.201.66 (talk) 06:50, 24 March 2024 (UTC)

Materials
Marble, granite and cement; or marble, granite and concrete? Grassynoel (talk) 16:21, 9 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran


text:
Center for Civilians in Conflict

The Center for Civilians in Conflict (CIVIC) is a Washington, D.C. based non-profit, non-governmental organization (NGO). CIVIC was founded in 2003 by Marla Ruzicka as the Campaign for Innocent Victims in Conflict. CIVIC works on behalf of civilians in conflict-zones, providing research and advocating to policymakers. CIVIC is a part of the Making Amends Campaign. CIVIC's mission statement reads: "Our mission is to work with armed actors and civilians in conflict to develop and implement solutions to prevent, mitigate and respond to civilian harm."

History
Center for Civilians in Conflict (CIVIC), formerly Campaign for Innocent Victims in Conflict, was founded by Marla Ruzicka in 2003. Marla, with the help of Senator Patrick Leahy, created a US-funded aid program dedicated to helping rebuild the lives of civilians unintentionally harmed by US combat operations. CIVIC works closely with the military and organizations such as NATO. Although Marla was killed by a suicide bomb in Baghdad in April 2005, her colleagues, friends and family continue to run CIVIC. The first staff members were hired in early 2006 and the organization expanded its mandate in early 2007 beyond Iraq and Afghanistan. CIVIC achievements include persuading the US Congress to develop programs that aid victims caught in the middle of widespread conflict.

Recognize
CIVIC tells the stories of how conflict affects civilians, and advocates that policymakers and armed actors recognize their rights, publicly acknowledge when they have been harmed, and take their well-being into consideration before, during, and after the fighting.

Prevent
CIVIC works with various armed actors to translate lessons learned and law into policies and practices that can prevent harm to civilians.

Protect
CIVIC works with international organizations such as the United Nations and the African Union, as well as national militaries, to develop policies and build skills that enable them to protect civilians from those who would harm them.

Amend
CIVIC advocates that armed actors and peacekeepers work with victims and survivors to offer appropriate amends to those injured and to the families of those killed. These may take the form of apologies and financial assistance. Whatever the form of amends, CIVIC has worked since 2003 to ensure the dignity of the victims and their families is recognized and respected.

Findings
CIVIC released a report in 2009 on civilian harm in Northwest Pakistan. It was based on a United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan report that estimated a 40% increase in the number of civilian deaths in 2008. Civic report concludes that civilian harm is compounded by widespread poverty and that while the Pakistani government does make amends most do not receive any due to deficiencies in compensation mechanisms and no effort from the US. Another survey released by an individual associated with CIVIC counted two thousand killed and four thousand injured. CIVICs reports suggest that the number of civilians killed and injured in war conflicts exceeds the number that the United States admits to.

Accomplishments
CIVIC partnered with the United States military to train US soldiers shipping out to Iraq and Afghanistan on avoiding civilians and how to compensate for any harm caused. CIVIC also worked with the American Civil Liberties Union to analyze civilian claims of damages and craft legislation to address shortfalls in the current system (the Civilian Claims Act). CIVIC successfully pressed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization member states to develop, fund, and ensure that a trust fund for war victims was in place.

CIVIC provided a military lawyer that worked with Harvard University to document US efforts to make amends to civilians suffering losses. They also organised for someone living in Afghanistan to help coordinate delivery of aid from NATO and the US to war victims. Over one-third of contributions to CIVIC come from individual contributions.

CIVIC received 10 million dollars from Congress as part of their initiative to advocate and help design a new US program for Pakistani war victims. CIVIC has conducted interviews with Pakistani and US policymakers, humanitarians and officials from international organizations, and over 160 Pakistani civilians.

In Afghanistan, CIVIC’s research in Afghanistan and advocacy in Brussels directly led to NATO approving its first amends policy for Afghan war victims. CIVIC’s advocacy in 2008-2009 led directly to the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) command emphasis on civilian harm mitigation and a significant shift in tactics to avoid civilian harm. According to UN reports, pro-government elements, (which includes ISAF and Afghan forces) accounted for 39% of civilian deaths in 2008. By 2010 that percentage dropped to 15%, and declined further by 2013 to 11%.

In 2016, CIVIC conducted a six-month research project on the capabilities, gaps, and potential for civilian protection in the Ukrainian military and Ministry of Defense.

In 2017, CIVIC re-established a research and advocacy project in Mali to advance the protection of civilians through the UN peacekeeping operation, MINUSMA. Additionally, CIVIC successfully advocated for an increase in the capabilities of the peacekeeping operation in the Central African Republic (CAR) publishing "The Primacy of Protection: Delivering on the MINUSCA Mandate in the Central African Republic." In the Democratic Republic of Congo CIVIC published "Protection with Less Presence: How the Peacekeeping Operation in DRC Is Attempting to Deliver Protection with Fewer Resources," based on CIVIC's research regarding the impact of MONUSCO base closures.

Headquarters and offices
CIVIC is headquartered in Washington, DC and maintains field offices in New York, Nigeria, Iraq, the Kurdish region of Northern Iraq, and Afghanistan.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Center for Civilians in Conflict


text:
User talk:Yellow Ant

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Welcome, !

Here are some useful tips to ease you into the Wikipedia experience:

Also, here are some odds and ends that I find useful from time to time:
 * First, take a look at the Wikipedia Tutorial, and perhaps dabble a bit in the test area.
 * When you have some free time, take a look at the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines. They can come in very handy!
 * Learn about some of the Wikipedia landmarks by trying our Wikipedia scavenger hunt!
 * If you need any help, feel free to post a question at the Help Desk
 * Wikipedia has a vibrant community of editors. The village pump is a great place to see the goings on.
 * Remember to use a neutral point of view!
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Brilliant prose
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can most easily reach me by posting on my talk page.

You can sign your name on any page by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~~~~.

Best of luck, and have fun!

ClockworkSoul 05:26, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yellow Ant


text:
List of members of Opus Dei

This is a list of prominent Opus Dei members. It is intended to include people whose membership in Opus Dei is documented in published sources, and therefore a matter of public record.

The names of Opus Dei directors and priests are available in official Catholic journals and Opus Dei's official bulletin, Romana.

Opus Dei maintains lists of cooperators, who are not considered by Opus Dei to be members, and who do not even have to be Roman Catholics, but who agree to assist with the work of Opus Dei in any of various ways. Such cooperators are not included in this list.

This article should by no means be considered an exhaustive list of past and present members and sympathisers of Opus Dei involved in political, religious, cultural, academic or literary life.

Opus Dei policy on publicizing membership
Opus Dei treats membership status of its lay members in a confidential manner, having a stated policy of neither confirming nor denying the membership of Opus Dei until the member in question has publicly acknowledged his or her membership.

Opus Dei supporter William O'Connor wrote that a person's spiritual life is a private matter, and that the practice of not divulging membership lists is common to many organizations such as trade unions, hospitals, schools and clubs. He stated that it is part of the secular nature of vocation to Opus Dei that its members do not represent the religious organization which provide them with spiritual instruction, in the same way that professionals do not externally represent their alma maters. According to several journalists who wrote independently on Opus Dei accusations of secrecy come from a clericalist mentality which equates Opus Dei members with monks and priests, the traditional symbols of holiness who are externally identifiable as such.

Detractors argue that, given Opus Dei's strong defence of traditional Catholic positions in social and moral matters, especially in regards to anti-abortion and marriage, membership of the organisation is indeed relevant to exercising functions in the public domain. In addition, Opus Dei states that it is a non-political organisation and does not direct or try to influence its members in any way in the fulfillment of their professional duties, whether in the public or private sphere, except where such activities impinge on their duties as Catholics.

For the most part, Opus Dei members belong to the low and middle class in terms of income, social status and education. Among its members are barbers, bricklayers, mechanics, and fruit sellers. Most supernumeraries are living ordinary middle-class lives.

Government and Civil Service

 * Ruth Kelly, The Former British Transport Secretary, Labour Party (traditionally center-left) in the United Kingdom. John L. Allen Jr. states that she is a supernumerary member in his book Opus Dei.
 * Paola Binetti, Senator in Italy. A numerary member. Binetti belonged to the christian-social party La Margherita (“The Daisy”), the Democratic Party and now the Union of the Centre.
 * Mario Maiolo, Vice-president of the province of Cosenza. He belonged to the Italian Peoples' Party, La Margherita and later the Democratic Party. He is a supernumerary.
 * Antonio Fontán (died 2010), President of the Senate of Spain in 1977-1979. A journalist who advocated free elections and trade unions, and was persecuted by Franco. He helped draft Spain's new democratic constitution after Franco.
 * Alberto Ullastres Calvo (died 2001), Minister of Trade (1957–1965). He is one of the members of Opus Dei who were appointed by Franco as ministers (Spain under Franco). He pushed forward the so-called Plan of Stabilization which brought about Spain's transition from economic autarchy to liberalization and internationalization of the national economy.
 * Mario Fernández Baeza, Interior Minister of Chile. Belongs to the left-leaning Christian Democratic Party.
 * Adolfo Suárez, President of Government in the democracy in Spain from 1978 to 1982, was a supernumerary member of Opus Dei.
 * Gregorio López Bravo (died 1985), Minister for Industry (1963–1969, Spain under Franco), Minister of Foreign Affairs (1969–1973). A supernumerary.
 * Vicente Mortes Alfonso (died 1991), Minister for Housing (1969–1973, Spain under Franco). A supernumerary
 * Juan José Espinosa San Martín, Minister for Finance (1965–1969, Spain under Franco).
 * Faustino García-Moncó Fernández, Minister for Trade (1965–1969, Spain under Franco).
 * Fernando Herrero Tejedor (died 1975), Secretary General of the Movimiento (Franco's political party) (1975).
 * José María Albareda (died 1966), Secretary General and head of the Higher Council for Scientific Research (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas). He was close friend of Escrivá and one of the first numerary members of Opus Dei. He was also a close friend of José Ibáñez Martín, falangist and Minister for Education for Franco from 1939 to 1951, who is widely credited with sponsoring the great expansion of Opus Dei into Spanish third-level education during that period. Both take much of the credit for developing the political concept of "Nacional-Catolicismo".
 * Jesus Estanislao, Secretary of Economic Planning and subsequently Finance Secretary of the Philippines under Corazon Aquino (1989–1992), who toppled the dictatorial government of Ferdinand Marcos. A numerary member of Opus Dei, who started Opus Dei in the Philippines.
 * Joaquín Lavín, politician in Chile, twice defeated in his bid for the presidency of Chile. He is a member of the Independent Democratic Union (UDI) party and former mayor of Santiago and Las Condes municipalities of capital Santiago. He was also Minister of Education and Social Development (2010-2013)
 * Robert Hanssen, FBI agent who was convicted of spying for the Soviet Union and Russia. His treason has been described as "possibly the worst intelligence disaster in US history." A supernumerary, he reportedly left Opus Dei after his arrest.
 * Rory O'Hanlon (died 2002), Professor of Criminal and Constitutional Law at University College Dublin and High Court Judge in Ireland (1981–1995). He was dismissed by the Irish Government from Presidency of the Law Reform Commission in 1992, after commenting that if membership of the EU forced the introduction of abortion to Ireland, the country should withdraw from the Union. He later sued the Government and won substantial damages. He was a supernumerary member of Opus Dei.
 * Jorge Rossi Chavarría (died 2006), Vice-President of Costa Rica from 1971-1974. He co-founded the National Liberation Party (PLN), a social democrat party. He was a supernumerary of Opus Dei.
 * Federico Trillo-Figueroa y Martínez-Conde, Spanish politician of the Partido Popular, ex-chairman of the Spanish Chamber of Representatives, former minister of Defence and current ambassador for Spain in the United Kingdom.
 * Jorge Fernández Díaz, Spanish politician of the Partido Popular, former minister of the Interior.
 * Patrick Ngugi Njoroge, PhD, Kenyan economist, banker and the governor of the Central Bank of Kenya.
 * Guillermo Lasso, President of Ecuador and supernumerary of Opus Dei.

Writing and journalism

 * Joaquín Navarro-Valls (born November 16, 1936, Cartagena, Spain), physician and journalist who later served as the Director of the Vatican Press Office, taking the post in 1984. A numerary member.
 * Robert Duncan, journalist. An ombudsman for foreign press in Spain; vice-president of OPCI Ibero-American press association; vice-president of APSCE, association for energy and telecommunications; past executive board member for Spain's oldest and largest foreign press body, the Club Internaciónal de Prensa; editor for Spero News and EnerPub.
 * Rafael Calvo Serer (1916-1988), editor and founder of Diario Madrid who was hounded into exile for his criticism of Franco, who closed the publication. Although Messori states that Calvo, by working underground, helped to bring democracy to Spain, According to some, he did not oppose Francoism, but Franco himself about Franco's succession (see Preston 623-3, 663 and 671).
 * Antonio Fontán (1923-2010), journalist who advocated free elections and trade unions in Spain under Franco. Later served as President of the Senate and helped draft Spain's new democratic constitution.
 * Francisco Fernández Carvajal, wrote In Conversation with God, which has sold over two million copies in several languages, including Spanish, English, French, Italian, Portuguese, German, Dutch, Romanian, Slovakian and Polish. It consists of over 450 meditations, one or more for every day of the year, as well as three meditations for each Sunday, corresponding to the three-year cycle in the Catholic lectionary.
 * Pilar Urbano, Spanish journalist whose interviewing technique has become a model for other journalists. A numerary.
 * Cesare Cavalleri, Italian literary critic and publisher. He received the Premio internazionale Medaglia d'oro per la Cultura cattolica (International Golden Medal Award for Catholic Culture).
 * Alberto Michelini, Italian film director, journalist and politician. A supernumerary member.
 * Michael Adams (died 2009), Irish publisher, was a numerary member and the Managing Director of Four Courts Press, Ireland's largest academic publishing house. Adams was the author of a book Censorship: The Irish Experience, which was critical of the operation of the former Irish system of literary censorship.
 * Paul Dumol, Filipino playwright, famous for Paglilitis ni Mang Serapio. He is also the Chairman of the Philippine Center for Civic Education and Democracy.
 * Alexandre Havard, writer.

Academia

 * Ignacio Rodriguez-Iturbe, American scientist and is James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor at Princeton University. He received the 2002 Stockholm Water Prize for his role in developing the science of hydrology. He believes in global warming and evolutionary theory and rejects intelligent design.
 * Mariano Artigas (1938-2006), received Templeton Foundation Award in 1995 for his work on science and religion. He wrote The Mind of the Universe: Understanding Science and Religion and fifteen other books on science and religion.
 * John F. Coverdale, law professor at Seton Hall University.
 * Scott Hahn, American theologian, former Presbyterian pastor and convert to Catholicism. He is best known for his conversion story Rome Sweet Home and theology books like The Lamb's Supper: The Mass as Heaven on Earth or First Comes Love: Finding Your Family in the Church and the Trinity. He recounts his membership in Opus Dei in his book Ordinary Work, Extraordinary Grace: My Spiritual Journey in Opus Dei. A supernumerary.
 * Bernardo Villegas, Founded the Center for Research and Communication, which became the University of Asia and the Pacific.
 * José Orlandis (1918-2010), historian who is known for his work Short History of the Catholic Church. He recounts his early years in Opus Dei in his book Años de Juventud en el Opus Dei''
 * Ives Gandra da Silva Martins Filho, Brazilian law scholar and professor in Brazilian universities, writer on law and history. Prof. Gandra published at least 40 books. In order to maintain his independence from government, he did not accept payment for his services to the government. He was even persecuted by the military government.
 * Jaime Nubiola, Spanish philosopher teaching at the Universidad de Navarra in Spain, specializing in philosophy of language, American philosophy, Charles Sanders Peirce and pragmatism. A numerary.
 * Martin Rhonheimer, Swiss philosopher teaching at the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross in Rome, specializing in ethics, the theory of liberalism and in the relationship between politics and religion. An Opus Dei priest.
 * Fernando Ocariz, theologian and consultor of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. He was one of the primary authors of the document Dominus Iesus. He is presently the Prelate of Opus Dei.
 * Joseph de Torre (1932-2018), social and political philosopher. He has written a number of works on social ethics and Catholic social teaching.
 * Enrique Colom, was a contributing editor of the Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church made by the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace. He is a member of the Scientific Committee of the Card. Van Thuan International Observatory which promotes Catholic social teaching internationally.
 * Antonio Millán-Puelles (February 11, 1921 – March 22, 2005), philosopher influenced by Aristotle and phenomenology. He focused on freedom, subjectivity and conscience, the relationship between logic and metaphysics, and social issues.
 * Leonardo Polo (1926-2013), long-time professor of philosophy at University of Navarra who developed a theory of the "mental limit".
 * María Elósegui: is a Spanish jurist, philosopher and Professor of Philosophy of Law at the Faculty of Law at the University of Zaragoza. She was appointed in January 2018 a judge at the European Court of Human Rights.

Social work and medicine

 * Toni Zweifel (1938–1989), Swiss engineer who patented several inventions. He founded and served as director of the Limmat Foundation, a foundation that supports social projects all over the world with a majority of women as project beneficiaries. His process of beatification has been opened. A numerary.
 * Margaret Ogola (1958-2011), medical director of the Cottolengo Hospice in Nairobi for HIV-positive orphans and Kenyan author. A supernumerary with four children, she heads the Commission for Health and Family Life for the Kenyan bishops' conference. Her novel The River and the Source, which follows four generations of Kenyan women in a rapidly changing country and society, won the Africa Region Commonwealth Award for Literature. Interested in women's empowerment, she is also Vice-President of Family Life Counselling (Kenya).
 * John Henry, "one of the world's leading authorities on drugs and poisons" and "Britain's best known toxicologist [who] made frequent appearances on television and radio."
 * Umberto Farri (died 2006), founder and President of Istituto per la Cooperazione Universitaria (Institute for University Co-operation) or ICU. It is a non-governmental organization which has completed over 200 development co-operation projects in 32 countries.
 * Felipe González de Canales, co-founder of a system of agriculture schools and rural development centers called Escuelas Familiares Agrarias (Agrarian Family Schools) which has 30 schools in Spain and has influenced 68 other agricultural schools in other parts of the world. He is also the founder of two trade unions. He is an associate member of Opus Dei.

Business

 * Isidre Fainé, President of CaixaBank, as of 2012 Spain's largest bank in assets.
 * Luis Valls (1926-2006), From 1972-2004, he was President of Banco Popular, the third biggest bank in Spain. A numerary.
 * Eduardo Guilisasti, Chief Executive Officer of Concha y Toro Winery. He told Bloomberg.com that he is a supernumerary member.
 * Pepe Serret Borda (1941-1993), Spanish economist who was a director of several food companies and also was involved in promoting schools. Was a supernumerary member of Opus Dei.
 * Jacques de Chateauvieux, President of Bourbon, a company engaged in international marine services.
 * Neil Dean was Chief Financial Officer of Allied Irish Banks, the largest Bank in Ireland, until 1997 and is a supernumerary member.
 * José María Ruiz-Mateos (1931-2015), a prominent Spanish businessman involved in the infamous RUMASA scandal, was a supernumerary member of Opus Dei from 1963 until his expulsion in 1986.
 * Maurice O'Grady, was Chief Executive of the Irish Management Institute, and is a supernumerary.

Sports, fashion, and entertainment

 * Isaac Viciosa, Spanish middle distance runner who is the European record holder at 3000 m. He said in an interview that he is a supernumerary of Opus Dei.
 * Antonio Bienvenida, famous Spanish bullfighter (1922–1975). According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, "The great Antonio Bienvenida...was killed by a small heifer on his ranch in 1975." A supernumerary.
 * Giovanni Trapattoni, former manager of the Republic of Ireland and of the Vatican City national football teams. He is a cooperator and not a full member.
 * Juan Antonio Samaranch, the seventh President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) from 1980 to 2001.

Clergy

 * Saint Josemaría Escrivá (died 1975), founder of Opus Dei
 * Blessed Álvaro del Portillo y Díez de Sollano (died 1994), Prelate of Opus Dei (1975–1994) and Titular Bishop of Vita
 * Javier Echevarría Rodríguez, (died 2016) Prelate of Opus Dei and Titular Bishop of Cilibia (1994-2016)
 * Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne, Cardinal Archbishop of Lima, former Archbishop of Ayacucho and Huamanga, Peru. He is an outspoken critic of liberation theology.
 * Julián Herranz Casado, former Cardinal President of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts
 * José Horacio Gómez, Archbishop, 2001, of Los Angeles. Fortune Magazine listed him as one of the top 50 most influential Latinos in the U.S.
 * Francisco Javier López Díaz, theologian at the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross in Rome.

For other members of the clergy, please see Opus Dei: Priestly Society of the Holy Cross.

title: List of members of Opus Dei


text: User talk:61.152.132.230

title: User talk:61.152.132.230


text:
Thermal hydraulics

Thermal hydraulics (also called thermohydraulics) is the study of hydraulic flow in thermal fluids. The area can be mainly divided into three parts: thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer, but they are often closely linked to each other. A common example is steam generation in power plants and the associated energy transfer to mechanical motion and the change of states of the water while undergoing this process. Thermal-hydraulic analysis can determine important parameters for reactor design such as plant efficiency and coolability of the system.

The common adjectives are "thermohydraulic", "thermal-hydraulic" and "thermalhydraulic".

Thermodynamic analysis
In the thermodynamic analysis, all states defined in the system are assumed to be in thermodynamic equilibrium; each state has mechanical, thermal, and phase equilibrium, and there is no macroscopic change with respect to time. For the analysis of the system, the first law and second law of thermodynamics can be applied.

In power plant analysis, a series of states can comprise a cycle. In this case, each state represents condition at the inlet/outlet of individual component. The example of components are pumpcompressor, turbine, reactor, and heat exchanger. By considering the constitutive equation for the given type of fluid, thermodynamic state of each point can be analyzed. As a result, the thermal efficiency of the cycle can be defined.

Examples of the cycle include the Carnot cycle, Brayton cycle, and Rankine cycle. Based on the simple cycle, modified or combined cycle also exists.

Thermo-Hydraulic Improvement Parameter (THIP)
Authors (Sahu et al.[6]) observed that Thermo-hydraulic Parameter (THP) is less sensitive towards the Friction Factor Improvement Factor (FFER). The deviation between the terms (fR/fS) and (fR/fS)0.33 has been found 48 % to 64 % for the range of roughness and other parameters with (Re) 2900 – 14,000, which has been used for the present study. Therefore, to evaluate in equal proportions of enhancement in heat transfer (Nu) and friction factor (f) in the thermal systems a new parameter has been proposed and introduced using the present work which is more realistic and it is named as Thermo-hydraulic Improvement Parameter (THIP), and it can be evaluated as the ratio of (NNIF) to (FFIF)[6].

Where (NNIF)=Nusselt Number Improvement Factor and (FFIF)=Friction Factor Improvement Factor

Temperature distribution
Temperature is an important quantity to know for the understanding of the system. Material properties such as density, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and specific heat depend on temperature, and very high or low temperature can bring unexpected changes in the system. In solid, the heat equation can be used to obtain the temperature distribution inside the material with given geometries.

For steady-state and static case, the heat equation can be written as

 * $$0 =\,\nabla\cdot k \,\nabla T\ \ +q''' $$

where Fourier’s law of conduction is applied.

Applying boundary conditions gives a solution for the temperature distribution.

Single-phase heat transfer
In single-phase heat transfer, convection is often the dominant mechanism of heat transfer. For adiabatic flow where the flow receives heat, the temperature of the coolant changes as it flows. An example of single-phase heat transfer is a gas-cooled reactor and molten-salt reactor.

The most convenient way for characterizing the single-phase heat transfer is based on an empirical approach, where the temperature difference between the wall and bulk flow can be obtained from the heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer coefficient depends on several factors: mode of heat transfer (e.g., internal or external flow), type of fluid, geometry of the system, flow regime (e.g., laminar or turbulent flow), boundary condition, etc.

Examples of heat transfer correlations are Dittus-Boelter correlation (turbulent forced convection), Churchill & Chu (natural convection).

Multi-phase heat transfer
Compared with single-phase heat transfer, heat transfer with a phase change is an effective way of heat transfer. It generally has high value of heat transfer coefficient due to the large value of latent heat of phase change followed by induced mixing of the flow. Boiling and condensation heat transfers are concerned with wide range of phenomena.

Pool boiling
Pool boiling is boiling at a stagnant fluid. Its behavior is well characterized by Nukiyama boiling curve, which shows the relation between the amount of surface superheat and applied heat flux on the surface. With the varying degrees of the superheat, the curve is composed of natural convection, onset of nucleate boiling, nucleate boiling, critical heat flux, transition boiling, and film boiling. Each regime has a different mechanism of heat transfer and has different correlation for heat transfer coefficient.

Flow boiling
Flow boiling is boiling at a flowing fluid. Compared with pool boiling, flow boiling heat transfer depends on many factors including flow pressure, mass flow rate, fluid type, upstream condition, wall materials, system geometry, and applied heat flux. Characterization of flow boiling requires comprehensive consideration of operating condition. In 2021 a prototype electric vehicle charging cable using flow boiling was able to remove 24.22 kW of heat, allowing the charging current to reach 2,400 amps, far higher than state of the art charging cables that top out at 520 amps.

Critical Heat Flux
Heat transfer coefficient due to nucleate boiling increases with wall superheat until they reach a certain point. When the applied heat flux exceeds the certain limit, heat transfer capability of the flow decreases or significantly drops. Normally, the critical heat flux corresponds to DNB in PWR and dryout in BWR. The reduced heat transfer coefficient seen in post-DNB or post-dryout is likely to result in damaging of the boiling surface. Understanding of the exact point and triggering mechanism related to critical heat flux is a topic of interest.

Post-CHF Heat transfer
For DNB type of boiling crisis, the flow is characterized by creeping vapor fluid between liquid and the wall. On top of the convective heat transfer, radiation heat transfer contributes to the heat transfer. After the dryout, the flow regime is shifted from an inverted annular to mist flow.

Other phenomena
Other thermal hydraulic phenomena are subject of interest:

 * Critical discharge
 * Countercurrent flow limitation
 * Condensation
 * Flow instability
 * Rewetting

title: Thermal hydraulics


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Fully Down

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – Rich Farmbrough 16:18, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

The Fully Down
Tagged as since March, the content for this one-sentence substub has not changed since December. Zzyzx11 | Talk 02:19, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete no improvement. Vegaswikian 07:04, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, promo. Megan1967 08:08, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: File:Mayabazar.jpg

title: File:Mayabazar.jpg


text:
Betty Ford Alpine Gardens

The Betty Ford Alpine Gardens are one of the world's highest botanical gardens, located at 522 S Frontage Road E, Vail, Colorado, United States, at an 8200 ft altitude in the Rocky Mountains. The Gardens mission is "to protect the alpine environment through education, conservation and living plant collections". They offer programming such as rotating exhibits, garden tours, workshops, expert speakers, plant sale, yoga and more.

The Gardens were founded by Vail and Denver horticulturists in 1985, with subsequent planting of the Alpine Display Garden (1987), Mountain Perennial Garden (1989), Mountain Meditation Garden (1991), and the Alpine Rock Garden (1999) with its stunning 120-foot waterfall. Other gardens include the Silk Road Garden and Children's Garden. Together these gardens contain about 2,000 varieties of plants, including over 500 different varieties of wildflowers and alpine plants. The gardens were named in honour of first lady Betty Ford in 1988.

In 2020, along with Denver Botanic Gardens, the Gardens published the North American Botanic Garden Strategy for Alpine Plant Conservation and began implementing its principles.

It is open to the public year-round; admission is free with suggested donation.

Visit https://bettyfordalpinegardens.org/.

title: Betty Ford Alpine Gardens


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Jump Back: The Best of the Rolling Stones

Jump Back: The Best of The Rolling Stones is the sixth official compilation album by the Rolling Stones. It was initially released worldwide, except in the US, in 1993. The American release came on 24 August 2004.

It was the first Rolling Stones compilation packaged in the compact disc era, and covered the band's career from 1971's Sticky Fingers to then-most recent studio album Steel Wheels in 1989. It was also the band's first release under their contract with Virgin Records, which had been signed in November 1993, while Voodoo Lounge was being recorded. The album reached No. 16 in the UK and became an enduring seller. Despite its very belated release in the US in 2004, it managed to peak at No. 30 and go platinum.

The album artwork was designed by Bill Smith with an inner sleeve collage designed by Len Peltier.

In 2009 it was remastered and reissued by Universal Music, with the album version of "Miss You" being included in place of the single version.

Track listing
All songs by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, except where noted.


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User:Alakhriveion

Alakhriveion, he's just this guy, you know?

title: User:Alakhriveion


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The Essential Alice in Chains

The Essential Alice in Chains is a two-disc compilation album by the rock band Alice in Chains, and part of Sony BMG's The Essential series. Originally scheduled to be released on March 30, 2004, it was delayed until September 5, 2006. The album was reissued in 2010 with different artwork. A DVD with the mockumentary The Nona Tapes came as a bonus disc with the compilation.

Overview
The third greatest hits release from the band, it proved to be more a definitive collection than the 10-track Greatest Hits collection and the best of/sampler collection, Nothing Safe: Best of the Box, featuring almost all of the band's hits and singles (with the exception of "Bleed the Freak", "Down in a Hole" "Fear the Voices" and "Don't Follow") as well as fan favorites and also two unplugged tracks. The songs "What the Hell Have I" and "A Little Bitter" which were featured on the Last Action Hero movie soundtrack are the Toby Wright remixed versions found on Music Bank. It is the band’s first release since the death of vocalist Layne Staley.

Personnel

 * Alice in Chains
 * Layne Staley – lead vocals, backing vocals on "Grind", "Heaven Beside You" and "Over Now", rhythm guitar on "Angry Chair" and "Hate to Feel"
 * Jerry Cantrell – lead guitar, backing and co-lead vocals and sitar on "What the Hell Have I"
 * Mike Starr – bass (disc 1 and "Would?"), backing vocals (credited only on tracks 1–4)
 * Mike Inez – bass (disc 2, except "Would?"), additional backing vocals (tracks 1–4, 10,11), guitar (tracks 1–7, 10–11)
 * Sean Kinney – drums, percussion and piano on "Sea of Sorrow", additional backing vocals (tracks 1–4 on disc 1)

 * Additional personnel
 * Alice Mudgarden (performs "Right Turn")
 * Mark Arm – vocals on "Right Turn"
 * Chris Cornell – vocals on "Right Turn"
 * Ann Wilson - vocals on "Am I Inside"
 * April Acevez – viola on "I Stay Away"
 * Rebecca Clemons-Smith – violin on "I Stay Away"
 * Matthew Weiss – violin on "I Stay Away"
 * Justine Foy – cello on "I Stay Away"
 * Scott Olson – acoustic guitar on "Nutshell" and "Over Now"

title: The Essential Alice in Chains


text: Talk:The Essential Alice in Chains

title: Talk:The Essential Alice in Chains


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User talk:Tuxthepenguin6

Thanks for your help
Thanks for reverting vandalism on Larrys Creek on October 19. I appreciate your help keeping the article presentable while it was Today's Featured Article very much, Ruhrfisch ><> ° ° 20:17, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tuxthepenguin6