text:
Talk:Laurent Clerc

Marvin, thanks for getting this article off the ground. I've been compiling information for the Clerc article for the past year but hit a snag when my computer was stolen. By the way, Congratulations on your efforts with the Laurent, South Dakota project. We'll have to be sure and do a separate article on that. Ray Foster 16:47, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks, also!
Ray, thanks for adding more information as well! I am very new to Wikipedia and the whole concept of wiki, but I find it very, very fascinating. Sadly, I may not have much time to edit more documents. I will when I find myself awake at middle of the night. ;-) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Marvmiller (talk • contribs) 17:13, 8 April 2005 (UTC)

Clerc Classic
The Clerc Classic article has a significant amount of biographical material on Clerc--too much for that article, I think. Some of it probably belongs here, but, since there are insufficient citations, I am reluctant to edit it or put up a merge template without requesting participation first. It looks that that article should be in WikiProjectDeaf.--Hjal 01:38, 2 July 2007 (UTC)

Tribute to Gallaudet/Laurent Clerc
as requested, the autobiographical notes have been transwiki'd to WikiSource. -- billinghurst (talk) 15:35, 28 March 2009 (UTC)

cleanup-biography
Anyone up to the challenge of adding the details of the second half of his life? -- DanielPenfield (talk) 16:11, 12 July 2011 (UTC)

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User:Fmafra

Real Name
Fernando de Oliveira Mafra

Birthplace
Ribeirão Preto, 🇧🇷.

Residency

 * São João Del Rey (June 1981 - July 1981)
 * São Paulo (August 1981 - December 1995)
 * Belo Horizonte (January 1996 - July 1998)
 * São Paulo (August 1998 - May 2005)
 * Belo Horizonte (May 2005 - July 2005)
 * São Paulo (July 2005 - ?)

Academic Background

 * Peixinho Vermelho (1982 - 1986)
 * Móbile Elementary School (1987 - 1995)
 * Promove High School (1996 - 1998)
 * Objetivo High School (1998)
 * Faculdade de Belas Artes de São Paulo 1999 - 2002: Bachelor's Degree in Graphic Design
 * Escola de Comunicação e Artes - USP: Various post-graduate classes as a guest student. Also a member of the Comic Book Research Centre (Núcleo de Pesquisas de Histórias em Quadrinhos)

Professional Field
Currently working as a free-lance photographer, graphic and webdeisnger.

Major Contributions

 * Lourenço Filho
 * Anima Mundi, turned into a disambiguation page, originally was the Anima Mundi (event) page.
 * Hélio Lourenço de Oliveira

Minor Contributions

 * Banco Central burglary at Fortaleza
 * Fairy
 * List of legendary creatures by type
 * Suspiria
 * Shibuya-kei
 * V for Vendetta (film)
 * The War of the Worlds (novel)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Fmafra


text:
Voluntary social year

The Voluntary Social Year in Germany and, in a much lesser dimension, in Austria, is a government-funded voluntary work program particularly for young adults. It can last between six and eighteen months. It can also be spent abroad.

History
The voluntary social year (German: Freiwilliges Soziales Jahr / FSJ) developed from the "diaconical year" organized by the Protestant and Catholic Church the first time in 1954, the 100th anniversary of the Diakoniewerk in Germany. The appeal to volunteer was addressed to young women who would provide service to the sick and those in need of care.

In 1962 the "Philadelphic Service" (German: Philadelphischen Dienst) has been initiated by Gertrud Rückert. She wanted to offer a voluntary social year for female high school graduates before they start studying for personal and professional orientation. At that time it was a completely new concept and a forerunner of the voluntary social year, that was later legally anchored in Germany. On February 14, 1963, the government introduced a draft law to offer a voluntary social year in parliament, the Bundestag. The law finally came into force on April 1, 1964.

Until the suspension of conscription for military service and therefore of the alternative service in 2011 as well, the voluntary social year was also recognized as alternative to military service in Germany.

Duration
A duration to volunteer in the FSJ is between 6 and 18 months maximum. In exceptional cases the service can last up to 24 months, if this is justified by a special educational concept. If a voluntary social year is initially completed for less than 18 months, it can be extended to 15 months (in the case of a deployment in Germany), with the consent of the provider of the FSJ. The voluntary social year can also be completed abroad.

The starting times are usually between August and October of each year. Some porters offer the option of lateral entry.

Training
The providers of a voluntary social year are obliged to provide the volunteers with at least 25 training days during a 12-month service. Depending on the time spent in the voluntary service, it is also possible to complete more or fewer training days. According to the Voluntary Service Act, volunteers are obliged to take part in the training days.

Social security and retirement provision
Volunteers of the FSJ receive full social insurance. According to Social Code IV, the agency (or the place of assignment) pays the full costs for social insurance (employee and employer shares). The time of the voluntary social year is taken into account for the pension fund (compulsory pension insurance) The volunteers have a similar legal status to apprentices.

New legislation
Since June 1, 2008, the legal regulations have been merged with those of the Voluntary Ecological Year in a new bill for Youth Voluntary Services.

Branches of the FSJ
There are different areas of operations. The services are divided into different branches:
 * FSJ im sozialen Bereich (FSJ for social caring)
 * FSJ in der Kultur (FSJ for cultural engagement)
 * FSJ im Sport (FSJ for sports)
 * FSJ in der Politik:   (FSJ in politics)
 * FSJ in der Denkmalpflege (FJD) (FSJ for preservation of historical monuments)
 * FSJ Schule (FSJ for schools)

Operational areas
The operational areas for FSJ volunteers are all social, charitable, or of public utility:

 * Services for people with disabilities
 * Hospitals
 * Nursing homes
 * Retirement homes
 * Foster homes
 * Preservation of historic monuments
 * Ambulatory services
 * Youth welfare services
 * Church communities
 * Emergency medical services
 * Children's homes

Volunteers in the FSJ
The number of volunteers of the Voluntary Social Year:

Austria
The voluntary social year (the German terms: Freiwilliges Sozialjahr and Freiwilliges Soziales Jahr are in use) in Austria is very similar to the FSJ in Germany. Since 1968 the FSJ is organized by the Association for the Promotion of Voluntary Social Services (German: Verein zur Förderung freiwilliger sozialer Dienste) and is legally regulated in the Volunteer bill. The association has its seat in Vienna and its secretariat in Linz. Regional offices are located in Graz, Vienna, Innsbruck and Salzburg.

Regular voluntary social year
Young people can volunteer in the FSJ for ten to twelve months in a social institution in Austria. The areas of responsibilities are assistance for people with disabilities, for old people, children or young people or working with homeless people respectively. The working time of the volunteers is 34 hours per week. While there were around 300–400 FSJ volunteers in 2012, in 2020 about 1,100 volunteers were registered.

Due to the existing conscription for military service in the Austrian Armed Forces, the voluntary social year is an substitute to the regular alternative service, called Zivildienst, since 2016.

Special voluntary social year
Similar to the "Special Alternative Civilian Service" (German: Außerordentlicher Zivildienst), during times of crisis or a state of emergency, men and women can again volunteer for a "special voluntary social year" (German: Außerordentliches Freiwilliges Soziales Jahr), if they already have completed a regular voluntary social year. This special FSH can last for a period of one to nine months. The hours of work, positions, pocket money and insurance correspond to the conditions of the regular FSJ. In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the "special FSJ" has been activated and will last until December 31, 2020.

title: Voluntary social year


text:
Talk:Drug diversion

Rationale for regulations
What is the reasoning for regulating Schedule I and II drug manufacturers more restrictively than Schedule I and II drug distributors? I suspect it is partly a subsidy for the current drug manufacturers, and also due to the ease with which a licensed producer could manufacture a large amount of pharmaceutical-grade addictive drugs, with the equipment and materials available to them through their business. Rad Racer | Talk 16:51, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Merger Proposal
Both this page and Pharmaceutical diversion seem to refer to exactly the same phenomenon, they should be merged. nigell k (talk) 05:17, 12 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Agreed, be WP:BOLD and merge one into the other. Please be sure to copy all of the tags, categories and stubs to the remaining article. Bearian'sBooties (talk) 18:54, 14 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Gods people, what are you waiting for? Merged. - Jason A. Quest (talk) 02:25, 1 July 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Drug diversion


text: Talk:Assurfinance

title: Talk:Assurfinance


text:
User talk:Marevaloh

Welcome
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text: User talk:129.32.12.234

title: User talk:129.32.12.234


text: Template:Antique

title: Template:Antique


text:
Category talk:Churches in London

Why
Why do we need a seperate category for Churches in London, instead of having the churches listed under London places of worship as they were until today?. It seems to me that as the vast majority of places of worship in London are churches, this change does not help (much) in terms of limiting category size but simply deepens the heirarchy and makes it less usable. -- Chris j wood 16:54, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I would guess that there are many, many mosques, temples, synagogues, sacred places etc in London. If and when all of these get articles London places of worship would be huge! It makes more sense to me to have separate categories for this eventuality. Just my 2p. Corvine 17:02, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The places of worship category can't properly be placed in the parent churches category. CalJW 23:51, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

There is a bit of inconsistency in the use of the dot after "St". I see that after "St Thomas" (without a dot) we have "St. Andrew" (with a dot). Does someone have the authority to enforce a standard?

Ogg 10:20, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Churches in London


text:
User:Mrry

Derek Murray, a Research assistant in the Computer Laboratory at the University of Cambridge.

 * mrry - Derek Murray's blog.
 * Computer Laboratory - Derek Murray

title: User:Mrry


text: Template:Apayao

title: Template:Apayao


text:
User:Marvmiller

Marvin T. Miller, Chief Operating Officer — The Laurent Company

He is the man with the passion and vision to build world's first fully integrated town, Laurent, South Dakota. With his wife, Jennifer, and a family of three boys and one daughter, his personal dream is to live in a town where children can be safe and develop independence, where people know and care about their neighbors, where local politics are everyone's business, becomes a necessity.

Thirty-two year old Marvin has come to believe that the best way to provide for his family is by doing something that will benefit thousands of people — build that town now. A native of Michigan, Marvin has also lived in Washington, D.C.; Las Vegas, NV; Austin, Texas and for the past 3 years, South Dakota. He is a man of many talents, used to both leading and influencing others.

He has been editor of his school newspaper, Telegraph Hill News, at MSSD, an owner and editor of a statewide newspaper, The Deaf Michigander, and a national newspaper, DeafNation, as well as other publications. Marvin was Creative Media Director at CSD (Communication Service for the Deaf) in Sioux Falls, S.D. He has left CSD as of January 30, 2004 to focus full time on development of Laurent, S.D. Laurent, South Dakota

title: User:Marvmiller


text: Template:Aurora

title: Template:Aurora


text:
Indentation hardness

Indentation hardness tests are used in mechanical engineering to determine the hardness of a material to deformation. Several such tests exist, wherein the examined material is indented until an impression is formed; these tests can be performed on a macroscopic or microscopic scale.

When testing metals, indentation hardness correlates roughly linearly with tensile strength, but it is an imperfect correlation often limited to small ranges of strength and hardness for each indentation geometry. This relation permits economically important nondestructive testing of bulk metal deliveries with lightweight, even portable equipment, such as hand-held Rockwell hardness testers.

Material hardness
Different techniques are used to quantify material characteristics at smaller scales. Measuring mechanical properties for materials, for instance, of thin films, cannot be done using conventional uniaxial tensile testing. As a result, techniques testing material "hardness" by indenting a material with a very small impression have been developed to attempt to estimate these properties.

Hardness measurements quantify the resistance of a material to plastic deformation. Indentation hardness tests compose the majority of processes used to determine material hardness, and can be divided into three classes: macro, micro and nanoindentation tests. Microindentation tests typically have forces less than 2 N. Hardness, however, cannot be considered to be a fundamental material property. Classical hardness testing usually creates a number which can be used to provide a relative idea of material properties. As such, hardness can only offer a comparative idea of the material's resistance to plastic deformation since different hardness techniques have different scales.

The equation based definition of hardness is the pressure applied over the contact area between the indenter and the material being tested. As a result hardness values are typically reported in units of pressure, although this is only a "true" pressure if the indenter and surface interface is perfectly flat.

Instrumented indentation
Instrumented indentation basically indents a sharp tip into the surface of a material to obtain a force-displacement curve. The results provide a lot of information about the mechanical behavior of the material, including hardness, e.g., elastic moduli and plastic deformation. One key factor of instrumented indentation test is that the tip needs to be controlled by force or displacement that can be measured simultaneously throughout the indentation cycle. Current technology can realize accurate force control in a wide range. Therefore hardness can be characterized at many different length scales, from hard materials like ceramics to soft materials like polymers.

The earliest work was finished by Bulychev, Alekhin, Shorshorov in the 1970s, who determined that Young's modulus of a material can be determined from the slope of a force vs. displacement indentation curve as:

 * $$S={dP \over d\delta}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{\pi}}E_r\sqrt{A}$$

 * $$S$$: material stiffness, which is the slope of the curve

 * $$A$$: the tip-sample contact area

 * $$E_r$$: reduced modulus, defined as:

 * $$\frac{1}{E_r}=\frac{1-\nu_s^2}{E_s}+\frac{1-\nu_i^2}{E_i}$$

Where $$E_s$$ and $$\nu_s$$ are the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the sample, an $$E_i$$ and $$\nu_i$$ are that of the indenter. Since typically, $$E_i>>E_s$$, the second term can typically be ignored.

The most critical information, hardness, can be calculated by:

 * $$H=\frac{P_{max}}{A}$$

Commonly used indentation techniques, as well as detailed calculation of each different method, are discussed as follows.

Macroindentation tests
The term "macroindentation" is applied to tests with a larger test load, such as 1 kgf or more. There are various macroindentation tests, including:

 * Vickers hardness test (HV), which has one of the widest scales. Widely used to test hardness of all kinds of metal materials (steel, nonferrous metals, tinsel, cemented carbide, sheet metal, etc.); surface layer / coating (Carburization, nitriding, decarburization layer, surface hardening layer, galvanized coating, etc.).
 * Brinell hardness test (HB) BHN and HBW are widely used
 * Knoop hardness test (HK), for measurement over small areas, widely used to test glass or ceramic material.
 * Janka hardness test, for wood
 * Meyer hardness test
 * Rockwell hardness test (HR), principally used in the USA. HRA, HRB and HRC scales are most widely used.
 * Shore hardness test, for polymers, widely used in the rubber industry.
 * Barcol hardness test, for composite materials.

There is, in general, no simple relationship between the results of different hardness tests. Though there are practical conversion tables for hard steels, for example, some materials show qualitatively different behaviors under the various measurement methods. The Vickers and Brinell hardness scales correlate well over a wide range, however, with Brinell only producing overestimated values at high loads.

Indentation procedures can, however, be used to extract genuine stress-strain relationships. Certain criteria need to be met if reliable results are to be obtained. These include the need to deform a relatively large volume, and hence to use large loads. The methodologies involved are often grouped under the term Indentation plastometry, which is described in a separate article.

Microindentation tests
The term "microhardness" has been widely employed in the literature to describe the hardness testing of materials with low applied loads. A more precise term is "microindentation hardness testing." In microindentation hardness testing, a diamond indenter of specific geometry is impressed into the surface of the test specimen using a known applied force (commonly called a "load" or "test load") of 1 to 1000 gf. Microindentation tests typically have forces of 2 N (roughly 200 gf) and produce indentations of about 50 μm. Due to their specificity, microhardness testing can be used to observe changes in hardness on the microscopic scale. Unfortunately, it is difficult to standardize microhardness measurements; it has been found that the microhardness of almost any material is higher than its macrohardness. Additionally, microhardness values vary with load and work-hardening effects of materials. The two most commonly used microhardness tests are tests that also can be applied with heavier loads as macroindentation tests:

 * Vickers hardness test (HV)
 * Knoop hardness test (HK)

In microindentation testing, the hardness number is based on measurements made of the indent formed in the surface of the test specimen. The hardness number is based on the applied force divided by the surface area of the indent itself, giving hardness units in kgf/mm2. Microindentation hardness testing can be done using Vickers as well as Knoop indenters. For the Vickers test, both the diagonals are measured and the average value is used to compute the Vickers pyramid number. In the Knoop test, only the longer diagonal is measured, and the Knoop hardness is calculated based on the projected area of the indent divided by the applied force, also giving test units in kgf/mm2.

The Vickers microindentation test is carried out in a similar manner welling to the Vickers macroindentation tests, using the same pyramid. The Knoop test uses an elongated pyramid to indent material samples. This elongated pyramid creates a shallow impression, which is beneficial for measuring the hardness of brittle materials or thin components. Both the Knoop and Vickers indenters require polishing of the surface to achieve accurate results.

Scratch tests at low loads, such as the Bierbaum microcharacter test, performed with either 3 gf or 9 gf loads, preceded the development of microhardness testers using traditional indenters. In 1925, Smith and Sandland of the UK developed an indentation test that employed a square-based pyramidal indenter made from diamond. They chose the pyramidal shape with an angle of 136° between opposite faces in order to obtain hardness numbers that would be as close as possible to Brinell hardness numbers for the specimen. The Vickers test has a great advantage of using one hardness scale to test all materials. The first reference to the Vickers indenter with low loads was made in the annual report of the National Physical Laboratory in 1932. Lips and Sack describes the first Vickers tester using low loads in 1936. There is some disagreement in the literature regarding the load range applicable to microhardness testing. ASTM Specification E384, for example, states that the load range for microhardness testing is 1 to 1000 gf. For loads of 1 kgf and below, the Vickers hardness (HV) is calculated with an equation, wherein load (L) is in grams force and the mean of two diagonals (d) is in millimeters:

 * $$HV=0.0018544\times\tfrac{L}{d^2}$$

For any given load, the hardness increases rapidly at low diagonal lengths, with the effect becoming more pronounced as the load decreases. Thus at low loads, small measurement errors will produce large hardness deviations. Thus one should always use the highest possible load in any test. Also, in the vertical portion of the curves, small measurement errors will produce large hardness deviations.

Sources of error
The main sources of error with indentation tests are poor technique, poor calibration of the equipment, and the strain hardening effect of the process. However, it has been experimentally determined through "strainless hardness tests" that the effect is minimal with smaller indentations.

Surface finish of the part and the indenter do not have an effect on the hardness measurement, as long as the indentation is large compared to the surface roughness. This proves to be useful when measuring the hardness of practical surfaces. It also is helpful when leaving a shallow indentation, because a finely etched indenter leaves a much easier to read indentation than a smooth indenter.

The indentation that is left after the indenter and load are removed is known to "recover", or spring back slightly. This effect is properly known as shallowing. For spherical indenters the indentation is known to stay symmetrical and spherical, but with a larger radius. For very hard materials the radius can be three times as large as the indenter's radius. This effect is attributed to the release of elastic stresses. Because of this effect the diameter and depth of the indentation do contain errors. The error from the change in diameter is known to be only a few percent, with the error for the depth being greater.

Another effect the load has on the indentation is the piling-up or sinking-in of the surrounding material. If the metal is work hardened it has a tendency to pile up and form a "crater". If the metal is annealed it will sink in around the indentation. Both of these effects add to the error of the hardness measurement.

Relation to yield stress
When hardness, $$H$$, is defined as the mean contact pressure (load/ projected contact area), the yield stress, $$\sigma_y$$, of many materials is proportional to the hardness by a constant known as the constrain factor, C.

 * $$H=C\sigma_y$$

where:

 * $$C \approx \begin{cases} 3 & \text{large } E/\sigma_y \text{ (ex. metals)}\\

1.5 & \text{small } E/\sigma_y \text{ (ex. glasses)}\end{cases}$$

The hardness differs from the uni-axial compressive yield stress of the material because different compressive failure modes apply. A uni-axial test only constrains the material in one dimension, which allows the material to fail as a result of shear. Indentation hardness on the other hand is constrained in three dimensions which prevent shear from dominating the failure.

title: Indentation hardness


text:
Voluntary ecological year

The voluntary ecological year in Austria  and Germany is an educational and orientation year for teenagers and young adults of ages 16 through 27. The voluntary ecological year can be attended only once and usually lasts 12 months (from 1 August to 31 July of the following year).

History
In 1998 the Voluntary Ecological Year (in German: Freiwilliges Ökologisches Jahr /FÖJ) was introduced as a model project in various states in Germany. In 2002 the legal bill regarding the Freiwilliges Ökologisches Jahr passed parliamentary procedure and the FÖJ was officially established.

By June 1, 2008 a new legislation is regulating youth voluntary services. Until then, the law promoting a voluntary ecological year was in effect.

From 2002 until the suspension of conscription and therefore the mandatory alternative service in 2011 as well, it was also possible for recognized conscientious objector to do the Voluntary Ecological Year as an alternative service.

Mission and structure
Today, the Voluntary Ecological Year can be credited as a so-called "waiting term" or "waiting semester" until getting admission to a university. It is financially supported and implemented by the states and individual agencies respectively. The volunteers organize their positions independently in state and federal agencies.

The FÖJ can also be completed abroad, for example in France as the so-called Franco-German Ecological Year. However, the number of positions is very limited and there is a very high demand.

FÖJ sponsors are mostly non-profit youth organizations, such as churches or environmental protection associations. These agencies and organisations take on the selection of the operational areas and the support for the volunteers.

There are currently around 3,000 FÖJ sites in Germany and in addition about 600 positions of the Federal volunteers service for economic protection.

Lists of the FÖJ locations are available from the providers in the respective state.

Speaker system
The FÖJ has developed a nationally established speaker system. The system is built on a democratic basis. In each state there are different numbers of providers who form the seminar groups with their FÖJ participants. In these seminar groups i. d. As a rule, two group spokespersons are elected, who go to group spokesperson meetings and there elect the state spokespersons (also called federal delegates), who represent the FÖJ in the respective state. Subsequently, all state spokesmen of the 16 federal states of Germany take part in a federal delegates' conference at which five federal spokespersons are elected to represent the FÖJ in Germany and the interests of all FÖJ volunteers in public, the press and politics.

Areas of operation
Possible areas of experience and work for FÖJers are possible in a variety of areas. For example in the following:

 * Agriculture, forestry and horticulture
 * Environment related jobs in companies
 * Environmental education
 * Work in environmental associations
 * Engagement in environmental centers, animal welfare and nature conservation centers
 * Work in public authorities, in relation with environment
 * Food processing
 * Scientific environmental protection

Seminars
The providers of the FÖJ have to organize a minimum of 25 seminar days per year. In the respective seminars, fixed topics such as ecosystems, sustainability or globalization are discussed. These days are usually organized by FÖJ speakers or by self-organization. The participants can also acquire additional qualification modules, such as the modules education or "green jobs".

Costs
The cost of the FÖJ are defrayed by the providers and partly the states. The volunteers in the Voluntary Ecological Year, who are sometimes still minors, basically consists of monthly pocket money of around €180 to €370 as well as food and accommodation. If food and accommodation is not provided, it is paid out in full or in part. In addition, government grants different sponsorships.

Austria
The Voluntary Ecological Year or also the Voluntary Environmental Year (German: Freiwilliges Umweltjahr / FUJ) in Austria offers young people from 17 years of age the opportunity to get involved in environmental and sustainability issues. The legal background to this is noted in regulation in Sections 22–24 in the Volunteer Act.

It is aimed at young adults who are in a professional orientation phase and are interested in environmental, nature conservation and sustainability topics.

The agencies and providers for the Voluntary Environmental Year are approved by the Minister for Environment. Framework

Due to the existing conscription for military service in Austria, since 2013 the FUJ is an alternative compulsory service to the mandatory service in the Austrian Armed Forces for males.

title: Voluntary ecological year


text:
Talk:Batty boy

Buggery Law
The buggery law does not speak specifically to sex between two men, but rather anal sex. Anal sex between man and women still falls under the buggery law and is equally punishable.

Also, two men, performing oral sex on each other are not punishable under Jamaica's buggery law. Xx876xx (talk) 21:04, 2 January 2018 (UTC)

Broadening of the initial definition
Added a slightly broader definition of battyman to the initial definition as (from a Jamaican perspective) the term has a much broader use as a battering ram for Jamaicans to reinforce societal norms of male attitudes and expressions of behavior as it relates to machismo or how the sexes interrelate. Xx876xx (talk) 21:00, 2 January 2018 (UTC)

--User:Xx876xx —Preceding undated comment added 20:54, 2 January 2018 (UTC)

That batty bwoy song
That disturbing song caused quite a stir, and rightly so. Was banned in many places. date

So, homosexuals are "almost nonexistent" in Belize? I think this sentence needs some rethinking, at the least...--Cotoco 21:55, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Fire away, that's not something that one of the regular users added to the article. -- Francs2000 [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px| ]] 23:41, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

Re-direct from arse bandit
Whay does arse bandit re-direct to batty boy. Whilst they are both derogatory terms for a homosexual man they are culturally totally different, arse bandit is mostly a British phrase and almost none of the text describing batty boy aplies to the term arse bandit.
 * The point is probably that someone wanting to know what an arse bandit is will be redirected to a semi-relevant page. The alternative would be to create a stub (and create such a stub for every derogatory term). I'm inclined to leave it for now, but if you are willing to create a proper arse bandit article, feel free. Note though that the article may be rather sparse. A single article dealing with (a list of) similar terms might be more useful. -- Ec5618 13:43, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

But 'uphill gardener' redirects to 'homosexuality'. This seems rather inconsistent.81.102.143.96 11:38, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Perhaps because, in Jamaica, the upland areas are put to other horticultural uses. Martinevans123 (talk) 20:34, 25 March 2015 (UTC)

Re: No references
Just to note I found this article and added one reference to the Buju Banton lyrics, but I daresay that isn't enough to remove the inadequate citations banner. Wouldn't quite know to start with referencing the rest of the article. Z.S.K. 08:25, 5 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Lyrics pages are not valid references. Neither are blogs or myspace pages, which leaves the article unreferenced again. #29(talk) 09:07, 2 July 2007 (UTC)

A similar prejudice?
Rastafarianism is a flexible belief system with different sects and sub-sects, many of which promote universal love, and/or individual interpretation of the "teachings" of Jah: Not all Rastas are homophobic and allowing the predilection for categorization shouldn't be the basis for tarring all with the same brush. There has been an unfortunate abundance of homophobic lyrics within the Reggae genres, from artists claiming generic allegiances to Rastafari, but these individuals are/were perhaps more influenced by the lifestyle and culture surrounding the performer, rather than the Rasta. It should be noted that more than a few of these artists have since developed a deeper connection with Rastafari and have publicly retracted the comments made in their lyrics, with less tenacity than their condemners. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.18.14.222 (talk) 22:44, 2 April 2011 (UTC)

Batty boy pejorative...
Batty boy may be a pejorative in British English, but this article is describing Batty boy in Jamaican Patois. All the sources online indicate that Batty Boy is the term to describe a gay or homosexual in Jamaican Patois, not a slur.

http://www.speakjamaican.com/glossary/ "Batty- Primarily means butt; also signals to homosexuals. ‘Im a battyman. (He is gay)."

http://members.tripod.com/~Livi_d/language/patois_dictionary.htm "BATTYBWOY	 	a gay person (6)"

There exist no other way to describe a gay person in Jamaican other than batty man or chi chi man, and none of the authouritative sources are describing them as neither cus words not pejoratives.

"Chi chi- Gay, homosexual, queer. Chi-chi man. (Gay man.)" http://www.speakjamaican.com/glossary/

"battybwoy(a homosexual male)" http://www.thedialectdictionary.com/view/letter/Jamaican/page2/?view=standard

"battybwoy: a homosexual male" http://www.jamaicans.com/speakja/dictionaryword/patois_b.shtml

Further According to the Dictionary of Jamaican English by Frederic Gomes Cassidy, R.B. Le Page published out of the University of the West Indies "bati-man: A homosexual; a pederast (1955)" http://books.google.ca/books?id=_lmFzFgsTZYC&q=batty+boy#v=onepage&q=babat&f=false

This is probably the most authoritative source on the subject because it is the closest thing to an actual real dictionary that has been found, and no where does it say or show or suggest it is a slur or pejorative as far as Jamaican language goes. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.237.167.71 (talk) 21:34, 7 November 2012 (UTC)

Presumably 'batty' comes from 'botty'. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 27.33.243.74 (talk) 01:21, 20 December 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Batty boy


text:
George Petrie (antiquarian)

George Petrie (1 January 1790 – 17 January 1866) was an Irish painter, musician, antiquarian and archaeologist of the Victorian era who was instrumental in building the collections of the Royal Irish Academy and National Museum of Ireland.

Personal life
George Petrie was born in Dublin, Ireland, and grew up there, living at 21 Great Charles Street, just off Mountjoy Square. He was the son of the portrait and miniature painter James Petrie, a native of Aberdeen, Scotland, who had settled in Dublin. He was interested in art from an early age. He was sent to the Dublin Society's Schools, being educated as an artist, where he won the silver medal in 1805, aged 15.

Career
After an abortive trip to England in the company of friends Francis Danby and James Arthur O'Connor, he returned to Ireland where he worked mostly producing sketches for engravings for travel books – including among others, George Newenham Wright's guides to Killarney, Wicklow and Dublin, Thomas Cromwell's Excursions through Ireland, and James Norris Brewer's Beauties of Ireland.

In the late 1820s and 1830s, Petrie significantly revitalised the Royal Irish Academy's antiquities committee. He was responsible for their acquisition of many important Irish manuscripts, including an autograph copy of the Annals of the Four Masters, as well as examples of insular metalwork, including the Cross of Cong and Roscrea Brooch.

His writings on early Irish archaeology and architecture were of great significance, especially his essay on the Round Towers of Ireland, which appeared in his 1845 book titled The Ecclesiastical Architecture of Ireland. He is often called "the father of Irish archaeology". His survey of the tombs at Carrowmore still informs study of the site today.

From 1833 to 1843, he was employed by Thomas Colby and Thomas Larcom as head of the Topographical Department (the antiquities division) of the Irish Ordnance Survey. Amongst his staff were John O'Donovan and Eugene O'Curry.

A prizewinning essay submitted to the Royal Irish Academy in 1834 on Irish military architecture was never published, but his seminal essay On the History and Antiquities of Tara Hill was published by the Academy in 1839. During this period Petrie was himself the editor of two popular antiquarian magazines, the Dublin Penny Journal and, later, the Irish Penny Journal.

Another major contribution of Petrie's to Irish culture was the collection of Irish traditional airs and melodies which he published in 1855 as The Petrie Collection of the Ancient Music of Ireland. The first commercial recording of Petrie's collection was The Petrie Collection of the Ancient Music of Ireland (the 1855 Edition of 147 Airs & the 1882 Edition of 40 Airs) [2007, 8-cd set, Trigon TRD 1526, 187 tracks] arranged and performed by Irish pianist J.J. Sheridan. William Stokes's contemporary biography includes detailed accounts of Petrie's working methods in his collecting of traditional music: "The song having been given, O'Curry wrote the Irish words, when Petrie's work began. The singer recommenced, stopping at a signal from him at every two or three bars of the melody to permit the writing of the notes, and often repeating the passage until it was correctly taken down ..."

As an artist, his favourite medium was watercolour which, due to the prejudices of the age, was considered inferior to oil painting. Nonetheless, he can be considered one of the finest Irish Romantic painters of his era. Some of his best work is in the collections of the National Gallery of Ireland, such as his watercolour painting Gougane Barra Lake with the Hermitage of St Finbarr, Co. Cork (1831).

He was awarded the Royal Irish Academy's prestigious Cunningham Medal three times: firstly in 1831 for his essay on the round towers, secondly in 1834 for the essay (now lost) on Irish military architecture, and thirdly in 1839 for his essay on the antiquities of Tara Hill.

Works

 * incomplete, only larger works listed

 * Music
 * , uncompleted fragment published posthumously
 * , uncompleted fragment published posthumously
 * , uncompleted fragment published posthumously

 * Illustrations

 * Antiquarian works
 * Also as
 * , unpublished, won a gold medal from the Royal Irish Academy, see
 * , unpublished, won a gold medal from the Royal Irish Academy, see

title: George Petrie (antiquarian)


text:
O2 Forum Kentish Town

The O$2$ Forum Kentish Town is a concert venue in Kentish Town, London, England, owned by MAMA & Company and originally built in 1934.

History
The venue was built in 1934 and was originally used as an art deco cinema. After the cinema was closed, the venue re-opened as an Irish dance hall. In the 1980s, it changed directions from a bingo hall, to a dance hall and then to a live music venue under the name Town & Country Club. In 1993, Mean Fiddler purchased the venue and renamed it the London Forum. The final show at the T&C was Van Morrison on 21 March 1993.

In 2007, MAMA & Company purchased the Forum from Mean Fiddler and spent £1.5 million on renovations, increasing the capacity to 2,300. In 2015, the venue was acquired by Live Nation, and re-branded as O2 Forum Kentish Town as part of the O2 Academy Group.

The venue has standing downstairs and benches seating in booths on the upstairs balcony, or a fully seated layout for certain shows.

Noted performers

 * 2face Idibia
 * Aleyna Tilki
 * Alice in Chains
 * Anitta
 * Anthrax
 * Arctic Monkeys
 * Ateez
 * Babymetal
 * Bad Gyal
 * Biffy Clyro
 * Big Country
 * Bjorn Again
 * Bon Jovi
 * Billy Bragg
 * Bruce Dickinson
 * Built To Spill
 * The B-52's
 * Chance the Rapper
 * Coldplay
 * Conor McGregor
 * The Corrs
 * The Creatures
 * The Cure (a secret gig with the name 5 Imaginary Boys)
 * Cutting Crew
 * Daði Freyr
 * The Damned
 * Danny Wilson
 * Danzig
 * David Bowie
 * Day6
 * Debbie McGee
 * Del Amitri
 * Devo
 * Dio
 * DragonForce
 * Drain Gang
 * Eurythmics
 * Franz Ferdinand
 * Fields of The Nephilim
 * Fugazi
 * Gorillaz
 * Gustavo Cerati
 * Gym Class Heroes
 * Half Man Half Biscuit
 * Hothouse Flowers
 * Hurts
 * INXS
 * It Bites
 * Jack Garratt
 * Jack White
 * Jagged Edge
 * James Brown
 * Jamiroquai
 * Jesus Jones
 * Joe Cocker
 * John Martyn
 * John Mayall's Bluesbreakers
 * Joshua Bassett
 * Justin Timberlake
 * Keane
 * Keith Richards
 * Killing Joke
 * KSI
 * Lacuna Coil
 * Lenny Kravitz
 * Level 42
 * Lindemann
 * Lionel Richie
 * Lowlife (band)
 * Machine Gun Kelly
 * Manic Street Preachers
 * Modest Mouse
 * Nekfeu
 * The Neville Brothers
 * Nelly Furtado
 * New Found Glory
 * Nina Simone
 * Nine Inch Nails
 * Nothing But Thieves
 * Oasis
 * Odd Eye Circle
 * Ozzy Osbourne
 * Paul Rodgers
 * Pixies
 * PJ Harvey
 * The Pogues
 * Prince
 * Pulp
 * The Quireboys
 * Reneé Rapp
 * Robbie Williams
 * Radiohead
 * Rage Against the Machine
 * Ramones
 * Rihanna
 * Robert Plant
 * Rory Gallagher
 * Scooter
 * Siouxsie and the Banshees
 * Skid Row
 * Smashing Pumpkins
 * Snow Patrol
 * Sparks (band)
 * Soundgarden
 * Steve Earle
 * Steve Harley and Cockney Rebel (1992)
 * Steve Harley (as a 3-man acoustic set, 2012)
 * Stiff Little Fingers
 * Subcarpati
 * Suede
 * The Stranglers
 * Those Damn Crows
 * Throwing Muses
 * Tokio Hotel
 * Tom Jones
 * The Who
 * UFO
 * Yungblud

title: O2 Forum Kentish Town


text:
Talk:Britannia Silver

Britannia Metal
Could someone please separate "Britannia Silver" from "Britannia Metal"; they are two entirely different things. WB2 01:26, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

Help
How do I fix the Transwiki to read Britannia Silver and not Britannia metal; how do I keep these two pages from redirecting back and forth between each other? WB2 02:20, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you – WB2 02:32, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Britannia Silver


text: User talk:130.88.222.242

title: User talk:130.88.222.242


text: User talk:4.10.172.204

title: User talk:4.10.172.204


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of songs about unrequited love

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 16:59, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

List of songs about unrequited love
Way too specific list. --Conti|✉ 17:09, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Unrequited love is a popular subject for songs, and always has been. P Ingerson 17:44, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I've changed my mind. What Wikipedia needs is an article about the influence that unrequited love has had on songs, not just a meaningless list.  P Ingerson 21:20, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * delete Its very popularity means that it will encompass a large portion of the songs songs created since man started writing songs. DDerby 18:50, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I would actually argue against the nominator's reason. The problem with this list is not that it is too specific, rather that its scope is too broad. There are so many songs out there about unrequited love that this list would quickly approach the usefullness of List of Songs. Dave the Red (talk) 18:53, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, this list needs to be more specific to be managable. Megan1967 19:44, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The fact that this is a common song theme makes this a notable list... also, won't work as a category, because most of the individual songs are not notable. With respect to the possibility of the list being too broad, oh pshaw. Maybe the list can be narrowed to notable songs within this category (by which I don't mean encyclopedic notability, which most are not anyway, but in terms of being ancient, like Greensleeves, or being, say, a top-40 hit). -- 8^D gab 19:53, 2005 Apr 8 (UTC)
 * Delete, way too unspecific, ditto what Dave the Red said. Plus, given that the subject of a song is subject to individual interpretation, I could easily foresee never-ending wars over whether or not any given song should be included in this list.   Soundguy99 20:17, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, useless and utterly nonencyclopedic list. --Angr/comhrá 20:54, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as non-notable trivia and song-cruft. — Asbestos | Talk  22:10, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Every song that isn't about love is about unrequited love. Except those songs about masturbation, of course. --Asriel86 23:45, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, too broad to be workable. —Korath (Talk) 23:48, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Trivia; scope too broad -- it could almost be titled List of songs. --Carnildo 23:52, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Next i'm expecting List of songs at 132 RPM or something. Hedley 23:53, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * See, now, that would be useful for aerobics instructors (um, if you meant BPM). Unlike this, which should be deleted (or turned into a whole wiki of its own?) FreplySpang (talk) 21:42, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Is there anything bad about leaving it for a month or so and see whether it keeps growing, or stagnates (and if stagnates, delete)? Rad Racer | Talk 00:53, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Interesting and expandable list. Klonimus 01:48, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Too broad a topic. Aris Katsaris 01:49, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as pointless. Radiant_* 09:57, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, totally useless and uninteresting. Which do you think would be longer, List of songs about requited love or List of songs about unrequited love? Between the two of them, that would comprise every song about love which must be at least half of all songs. Dpbsmith (talk) 20:32, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * What about List of songs about love in which it is not known whether the love is requited or not? List of songs about love that is sometimes requited and sometimes not? List of songs about self-love... oh, wait. Also, delete, and don't create those redlinks either. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 15:45, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. -Sean Curtin 22:22, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh dear. Delete. Chris talk back 17:49, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 'EXTREME KEEP!' What other category will vive la rose fall into? 205.217.105.2 21:39, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Which happens to be a brand new entry. DDerby 21:47, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, not useful, too many such songs to list. -- Curps 17:33, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is article is useful.  — J3ff 02:20, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
File:Jim Baker .jpg

Jim Baker, Mountain Man

title: File:Jim Baker .jpg


text:
Spike Owen

Spike Dee Owen (born April 19, 1961) is an American former shortstop in Major League Baseball who played for the Seattle Mariners (1983–86), Boston Red Sox (1986–88), Montreal Expos (1989–92), New York Yankees (1993) and California Angels (1994–95). He made his major league debut on June 25, 1983. In his 13 seasons in the majors, he hit for a .246 batting average with 46 home runs and 439 RBIs in 1544 games.

Playing career
A switch-hitter, Owen attended the University of Texas and played college baseball for the Texas Longhorns. He was the All-Tournament Team shortstop in the 1982 College World Series. He was selected by the Seattle Mariners in the first round (sixth overall) of the 1982 amateur draft. Owen started out in Double-A with the Lynn Sailors of the Eastern League; the following year he was in Triple-A with the Salt Lake City Gulls of the Pacific Coast League (PCL).

In his major league debut in 1983 on Saturday, June 25, Owen led off the bottom of the first inning in the Kingdome with a single off of Jim Gott of the Toronto Blue Jays; Seattle won 5–2 to snap an eight-game losing streak. On July 13, he hit his first big league home run against Boston Red Sox reliever Doug Bird at Fenway Park, a solo shot to right in the ninth inning and the final run scored in a 6–3 win.

In 1986, he was named team captain of the Mariners. On August 19, Owen and center fielder Dave Henderson were traded to the Red Sox for Rey Quiñones, Mike Trujillo, Mike Brown, and a player to be named later. In his third game with the Red Sox, he tied a major league record with six runs scored in a game. In the American League Championship Series, he hit .429 as the BoSox upended the California Angels in seven games. In the World Series, he hit .300 as Boston lost to the New York Mets in seven games.

On December 8, 1988, the Red Sox traded Owen to the Montreal Expos for pitcher John Dopson and shortstop Luís Rivera.

In 1990, he set a National League record with 63 consecutive errorless games at shortstop. Despite hitting only .234, he showed some decent power with 24 doubles, 5 triples and 5 home runs among his 106 hits. Patience at the plate was the secret of his success with 70 walks (12 intentional), for a respectable .333 on-base percentage.

Owen's most productive season was 1992, with career highs in average (.269), home runs (7), stolen bases (7) and slugging percentage (.381). In addition, he had a healthy .348 on-base percentage and hit well in the clutch at .319 in 91 at-bats with runners in scoring position. He also led the NL in fielding percentage twice. A hard-nosed competitor, he quickly established himself as a leader in the Montreal clubhouse and helped rookie Delino DeShields transition to second base.

After the 1992 season, Owen was supplanted as Montreal shortstop by the emergence of Wil Cordero and became a free agent. On December 4, 1992, he signed a three-year contract with the New York Yankees, aspiring to anchor their infield and provide team leadership. However, in 1993, he led AL middle infielders in one category—salary. The Yankees traded him after the 1993 season to the California Angels for a minor leaguer.

In 1994, he hit a career-high .310 in 82 games for the Angels as an infield backup and eventually as a designated hitter. In 1996, he was demoted to the Texas Rangers' Triple A affiliate, the Oklahoma City 89ers, and in April, Owen announced his retirement.

Coaching career
Owen was a coach of the Round Rock Express from 2002 to 2006 (as a Houston Astros affiliate) and again from 2011 to 2014 (as a Texas Rangers affiliate). He was the manager of the High Desert Mavericks, Class A-Advanced affiliate of the Texas Rangers in 2015, where he guided the team to a 78-62 record and a second-half South Division title in the California League.

After the 2015 season, Owen was named to manage the Hickory Crawdads, a Class A affiliate of the Texas Rangers, however he was called up to the Rangers in February 2016 to serve as interim third base coach while third base coach Tony Beasley underwent chemotherapy treatment for cancer.

Owen managed Hickory again in 2017. He managed the Down East Wood Ducks in 2018. The Rangers did not retain Owen after the 2018 season.

Personal life
Owen's older brother Dave played for the Chicago Cubs in 1984 and 1985.

title: Spike Owen


text:
Carib Aviation

Carib Aviation was an airline based in Antigua and Barbuda.

History
Founded in 1972 by (Sir) Frank Delisle with a single twin-prop aircraft, Carib Aviation provided charter and scheduled flights throughout the Caribbean from its main base in Antigua. At its peak the company employed 63 personnel, including some 15 pilots and 22 engineering staff. The office facilities were at VC Bird International Airport, accommodating administration, accounts, operations and traffic departments. An additional terminal office facility was located at Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport in Saint Kitts and Nevis. Carib Aviation also operated the DOMINICA AIR TAXI service between Antigua, Saint Lucia and Canefield Airport as well as a local feeder for LIAT.

On Tuesday 30 September 2008, Bruce Kaufman, new owner and CEO of the airline, announced that he was forced to cancel all flights the very same day because of no flight crews available. He accused LIAT of hiring seven of his Twin Otter pilots within a few days, breaking an agreement between the two airlines signed earlier in 2008 and leaving him with no choice but to stop all operations.

Destinations

 * Anguilla
 * The Valley (Anguilla Wallblake Airport)
 * Antigua
 * St. John's (VC Bird International Airport)
 * Barbuda
 * Codrington (Codrington Airport)
 * Dominica
 * Marigot (Melville Hall Airport)
 * Roseau (Canefield Airport)
 * Guadalupe
 * Pointe-à-Pitre (Pointe-à-Pitre International Airport)
 * Martinique
 * Fort-de-France (Martinique Aimé Césaire International Airport)
 * Montserrat
 * Brades (Gerald's Airport)
 * Nevis
 * Charlestown (Vance W. Amory International Airport)
 * St. Kitts
 * Basseterre (Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport)
 * St. Lucia
 * Castries (George F. L. Charles Airport)
 * Vieux Fort Quarter (Hewanorra International Airport)
 * St. Vincent
 * Kingstown (E.T. Joshua Airport)
 * Tortola
 * Beef Island (Terrance B. Lettsome International Airport)

Fleet
As of September 2008 the Carib Aviation fleet included :

 * 1 Beech 65 QueenAir Excalibur
 * 1 Britten Norman Islander

title: Carib Aviation


text:
Music to Crash Cars To

Music to Crash Cars To was the debut release by UK Industrial band DeathBoy. It was released in 2003 by Wasp Factory Recordings (WASPFAC021). It is available as a download from Line Out Recordings. The album was produced and mastered by Scott Lamb in conjunction with Lee Chaos of Wasp Factory Recordings at the beginning of 2003 in London and Cheltenham. Due to copyright issues with samples on Crawlout, the film quotes were revoiced by Scott, Marcus Lanyon of Tarantella Serpentine and Tom and Laura from the US band VX. The CD has a reversible cover. The front cover shows a smashed up car (which was discovered by the band on Ealing Common in London). The car was originally blue, and far less damaged than the final shot on the cover. The front cover shot was taken the day after the band shot from the inlay, in which time the car had been smashed up a lot more. The "reverse" cover shows a mock-up of an accident site, with some flowers tied to a lamp post - it is not a picture of a real accident site.

Track listing

 * 1) "We Will Destroy"
 * 2) "Computer #1"
 * 3) "Hellisontheway"
 * 4) "Decimate"
 * 5) "Parasite"
 * 6) "Crawlout"
 * 7) "Demons"
 * 8) "Killer"
 * 9) "Change (Apocalypse Remix)"
 * 10) "I Know You Know"
 * 11) "Lost Again"
 * 12) "Sick World"
 * 13) "Music To Crash Cars To"
 * 14) "Heat Death"

title: Music to Crash Cars To


text: User talk:163.6.254.139

title: User talk:163.6.254.139


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of songs about bipolar disorder

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 14:36, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

List of songs about bipolar disorder
Way too specific list. --Conti|✉ 17:10, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC) --Halidecyphon 07:18, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not much point merging with Bipolar disorder, since many of these are actually about other forms of madness or drug addiction. P Ingerson 17:48, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep unless a valid reason for deletion can be supplied by the nominator. —RaD Man (talk) 18:32, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think we need lists of songs about every kind of disease, or wouldn't you object to List of songs about athetosis as well? --Conti|✉ 18:43, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I'm gonna go out on a limb and say that the list of songs about bipolar disorder is slightly larger than the list of songs about athetosis. Dave the Red (talk) 18:48, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Non-notable list. --DDerby 19:02, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The fact that this is a common song theme makes this a notable list... also, won't work as a category, because most of the individual songs are not notable. -- 8^D gab 19:43, 2005 Apr 8 (UTC)
 * Delete, most of the songs listed aren't really that notable. Megan1967 19:46, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete useless and utterly nonencyclopedic list. --Angr/comhrá 20:54, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as non-notable trivia and song-cruft (is there such a thing?). — Asbestos | Talk  22:10, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per BD2412. —Korath (Talk) 23:47, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. If I write a song about bipolar disorder, can I list it here? --Asriel86 23:49, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sure, if you're a well-known artist.--Fermatprime 22:50, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) (voted below)
 * Delete. Trivia. --Carnildo
 * Keep Interesting and expandable List. Klonimus 01:47, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep nothing wrong with trivia. - SimonP 01:53, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as pointless subdivision of songs. Radiant_* 09:50, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as inherently POV--it is impossible to tell what most of these songs are really about, and bipolar disorder is merely one interpretation. Incedentally, I also agree it is non-notable. Very interesting though, someone should make a personal webpage about it.
 * Keep it's not unnecessary. --Dungodung
 * Strong keep. "Too specific" is not a valid criterion for article deletion. --Gene_poole 04:44, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * That's wrong, and you know it. Delete as songPOVcruft. Chris talk back 17:49, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. These songs that insult bipolar victims should end up in the garbage.- User:Pleasehelp
 * Delete - irrelevant list of irrelevant songs in irrelevant context, possibly done for want of nothing else to do - Skysmith 07:08, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, relevant to anyone interested in the disorder's affect on culture. -- user:zanimum
 * Keep. There's no reason trivia should be deleted from Wikipedia.  Much of the information here is trivia.... — J3ff 02:18, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP I would like the submitter to explain what is "too specific" for wikipedia. Likely this wouldn't fit.  Bipolar disorder is a rather common mental health problem and in our culture songs are the most relateable form of media for addressing personal subjects like this.  Seeing these kinds of nominations makes me question why I have begun to spend so much time working on this site.  Lotsofissues 13:29, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. How did "too specific" become a criterion for deletion? - Scooter 16:36, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, "too specific" is not a persuasive argument. Kappa 22:38, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, are we going to delete List of protest songs as well? (On the other hand, the article probably needs work.)--Fermatprime 22:49, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. --Myles Long 20:12, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of songs about masturbation

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 14:38, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

List of songs about masturbation
Way too specific list. --Conti|✉ 17:11, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * delete topic too specific for an encyclopedia --DDerby 17:42, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. P Ingerson 17:47, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, interesting list. Grue 17:52, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and get rid of the "this list may never be complete, but you are welcome to add.." introduction. Hedley 17:53, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Extreme keep. "Too specific" is not a valid reason for deletion.  Its both interesting and unusual.  Plus, if it really were too specific you wouldn't see dozens upon dozens of songs about masturbation listed.  —RaD Man (talk) 18:30, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Interesting list. Dave the Red (talk) 18:54, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as covered by many songs. N-Mantalk 18:58, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Meelar (talk) 19:19, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, even though I have added songs to this list in the past. I'm not sure this list serves any encyclopaedic purpose other than being trivia driven. Megan1967 19:50, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, per my copied-and-pasted determination that the fact that this is a common song theme makes this a notable list... also, won't work as a category, because most of the individual songs are not notable. -- 8^D gab 19:59, 2005 Apr 8 (UTC)
 * Delete, useless and utterly nonencyclopedic. --Angr/comhrá 20:51, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak delete all three of these song lists as trivia, topic(s) not encyclopedic and inclusion of some songs not verifiable. Apparently any song that mentions masturbation or contains allusions that someone thinks refer to masturbation can get listed, without verification of the songwriter's intent.  For instance, when I was young and shallow enough to listen to Billy Joel, I thought "Captain Jack" was a drug song, an anti-drug song, rather than having any onanistic content.  Wikipedia is not a music guide or a collection of insignificant lists.  But I would have been entertained (albeit not informed) had I found these lists on a music-discussion website.  Barno 20:54, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as random trivia. We could never stop categorizing songs and creating lists based on those categories. Where are List of songs about animals, List of songs over 4:55 minutes long and List of songs listed in Wikipedia lists? — Asbestos | Talk  22:13, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with masturbation and be done with it. I, too, am sick of all these song lists. Soon, people will argue as to how obscure of a song you can list, and there'll be accusations of band promotion, and the internet itself will collapse. I would say delete, but this list is actually semi-interesting, and could be worth-while in the masturbation article. --Asriel86 23:43, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Trivia. --Carnildo 23:50, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Neither masturbation nor songs are too over-specific topics -- their combination is neither so overspecific, nor so general as to make such a list needless. It'd be better though if the songs were listed by year -- we'd get some more interesting cultural info from that, like knowing who the first singer/band was who talked about such a subject. Aris Katsaris 01:47, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep When I think about this list, I touch myself. Klonimus 01:49, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Arbitrary scheme of clasification. Drini 01:52, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep nothing wrong with trivia. - SimonP 01:53, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as pointless subdivision of songs. Radiant_* 09:51, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Fairly interesting, so keep, but I think it's a bad idea for thousands of these lists to crop up. Fantom 10:00, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep this and thousands of other song lists. Rad Racer | Talk 17:43, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as per Asriel. Zscout370 02:00, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. "Too specific" is not a valid criterion for article deletion. --Gene_poole 04:43, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, it's a perfectly valid criterion. That said, this one looks like a keeper.  Some of the songs on this list are culturally important because of their subject metter (e.g. Pictures of Lily).  On the other hand, someone needs to check the list to make sure that it is only a list of songs about masturbation, not one which simply mentions it.  Mentioning this kind of thing is all too common a fad, but writing a song about it is something different. Chris talk back 17:48, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - there are far too many totally unencyclopedic lists already. Wikipedia is not a collection of trivia. Whats next? List of songs about apples and oranges? This is just silly. -- Egil 17:49, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep so damn bored i'm going blind...  ALKIVAR ™ 18:14, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This list is useful. — J3ff 02:21, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I like this list! --Oarias 05:01, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Please justify beyond "too specific" Lotsofissues 13:33, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, just the right amount of specificness. Kappa 22:36, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I believe 'too specific' would be more along the lines of List of Songs about Masturbation in a Car or something. Comic 08:56, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. --Myles Long 20:11, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:68.63.83.136

title: User talk:68.63.83.136


text: User talk:69.3.180.9

title: User talk:69.3.180.9


text: Template:Basilan

title: Template:Basilan


text: User talk:82.131.20.42

title: User talk:82.131.20.42


text:
Expanded Books

The Expanded Books Project was a project by The Voyager Company during 1991, that investigated how a book could be presented on a computer screen in a way that would be both familiar and useful to regular book readers. The project focused on perfecting font choice, font size, line spacing, margin notes, book marks, and other publishing details to work in digital format.

Much of the impetus for Expanded Books derived from a meeting on digital books that Voyager sponsored on Bloomsday in 1990, attended by various pioneering multimedia and hypertext experts. Voyager had earlier released a successful CD companion to Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, and its president Bob Stein had obtained a grant to work on creating a similar product for literature. At this meeting, a consensus emerged that, to overcome the relative inconvenience of being tied to a low-resolution and cumbersome digital display, digital books would have to offer "added value". Florian Brody, head of the Expanded Books project, had the idea to design digital books specifically for the then-new Apple PowerBook 100, which Apple had donated to Voyager.

The programming for the initial products took place between October and December 1991. The first three book titles (The Complete Hitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy, The Complete Annotated Alice, and Jurassic Park) were released at MacWorld San Francisco in January 1992. These books and their successors relied on a "book engine" that provided a simple but powerful feature set: convenient and simple search methods, the ability to switch between large print and normal print versions, unobtrusive navigation tools (such as a chapter menu that dropped down from the chapter heading on each "page"), a margin area on each page in which readers could write notes, and interactive annotations. For example, Moby-Dick included a sound clip of the sea as an annotation, and The Annotated Alice provided pop-up annotations derived from both editions of Martin Gardner's work. However, some readers found these annotations unwieldy and difficult to navigate, with poor usability.

Expanded Books was not initially the definitive title of the product range. Another favored contender was "Power Books", but that idea died when Voyager was told Apple's about-to-be-released notebooks were to be called PowerBooks. Hence, the original project name became the product name.

Between February 1992 and August 1992, Voyager created the Expanded Books Toolkit, which allowed authors to create their own Expanded Books. Voyager themselves went on to produce over 60 books as Expanded Books; the underlying software was also used in CD-ROMs such as A Hard Day's Night, Salt of the Earth, and Macbeth.

All programming for the Expanded Books and Toolkit was in HyperCard, with the exception of a few XCMDs and strings stored as resources.

title: Expanded Books


text: User talk:216.47.187.221

title: User talk:216.47.187.221


text:
Talk:England and Wales

Wales Bill 2016
Recognition of Welsh law (1) There is a body of Welsh law made by the Assembly and the Welsh Ministers. (2) The purpose of this section is, with due regard to the other provisions of this Act, to recognise the ability of the Assembly and the Welsh Ministers to make law forming part of the law of England and Wales.

From the Wales Bill 2016 (page 6). Sumorsǣte (talk) 15:31, 11 June 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:England and Wales


text: User talk:68.163.72.13

title: User talk:68.163.72.13


text:
User talk:Rthrasher

Welcome!

'''Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my New-Users' Talk Page.'''

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Happy editing! Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:16, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of XMS email application server

The article XMS email application server has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Unclear what the context of this article is or why it is notable. Clearly drafted from marketing material ('...use our Template Services Engine...')"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Cmprince (talk) 19:50, 20 December 2017 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of XMS email application server

A tag has been placed on XMS email application server requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page appears to be an unambiguous copyright infringement. This page appears to be a direct copy from http://www.zrinity.com/xms/. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images taken from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. You may use external websites or other printed material as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. This part is crucial: say it in your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing.

If the external website or image belongs to you, and you want to allow Wikipedia to use the text or image — which means allowing other people to use it for any reason — then you must verify that externally by one of the processes explained at Donating copyrighted materials. The same holds if you are not the owner but have their permission. If you are not the owner and do not have permission, see Requesting copyright permission for how you may obtain it. You might want to look at Wikipedia's copyright policy for more details, or ask a question here.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Cmprince (talk) 19:53, 20 December 2017 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Rob Thrasher

The article Rob Thrasher has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Fails WP:ANYBIO, relies entirely on affiliated sources."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion.  SITH   (talk)   10:09, 22 February 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rthrasher


text:
Talk:Desquamation

Clarification needed regarding the eye
"For example, once the rash of measles fades, there is desquamation. Also seen in Toxic Shock Syndrome in the eye, the epithelial basement membrane (lens capsule) completely encloses the lens,..."

This seems confused. First, presumably the statement about measles relates to anywhere on the exterior of the body, since it's discussing a rash, right?

Then the second sentence is unrelated, and probably should start a new paragraph. And what is it that is "also seen"? From the syntax it must be the epithelial basement membrane, but why would a membrane be seen in a syndrome?

Then the 3rd para "Nonpathological desquamation..." returns to discussion of the general skin situation. I'm thinking that maybe the discussion on the special situation of the eye would make more sense after the general skin discussion.

Maybe someone who knows this field could make this clearer? Gwideman (talk) 11:08, 13 January 2010 (UTC)

 * I went through the history, found the problem(s), and fixed them. Issues corrected: removed plagiarized material from PLoS ONE; organized more logically; expanded significantly; assorted grammar and usage fixes. --Ginkgo100talk 03:46, 6 September 2010 (UTC)

Pityriasis
Can someone explain in the article what the difference is between desquamation and pityriasis? Eric Kvaalen (talk) 06:56, 17 September 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Desquamation


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Category:1555 in law

The following discussion comes from Categories for deletion. This is an archive of the discussion only; please do not edit this page. -Kbdank71 17:17, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Vote Count:

 * Keep (6) : Gene Nygard, Wincoote, Pharos, Neutrality, Juntungwu, Postdlf
 * Delete (10) : Wahoofive, Rick Block, Radiant!, Saifu, Eugene van der Pijll, VivaEmilyDavies, Grutness, Pharos, Laura Scudder, Kbdank71

 * Replace with "1550's in law"

Moved to Resolved.

Category:1555 in law
There's probably going to be exactly one entry in this category forever. --Wahoofive 00:40, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. That category is a subcategory of Category:16th century in law (and others in the tree above it as well) which has other entries.  If any change is made, it should be a more comprehensive organization of related categories.  As is, it should be kept.  Gene Nygaard 00:48, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep Wincoote 01:01, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep.   Perhaps the nominator is so well versed in the year 1555 that he was able to determine within the eight minutes it took him to list this for deletion after I created the category that no other treaties were signed that year, no treatises were written, and no laws passed.  Obviously part of a comprehensive structure to organize all legal topics by their year of enactment.  Postdlf 01:05, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I've already added a few. There was an bull from the Pope, Cum nimis absurdum, which created the Roman Ghetto and otherwise restricted Jews, in Britain the upkeep of roads was devolved to the parishes as statute labour, the Muscovy Company was granted a charter giving it a legal monopoly on trade with Russia, and the Heresy laws enacted in December of 1554 came into effect leading to the trials and executions of many leading Protestants called the Marian martyrs, a treaty was signed between a Siberian Khan and Moscow promising a yearly tribute of a thousand sables etc.  Not an inconsequential year in the history of jurisprudence, I think.  I may have been a little generous with some, I wonder what the guidelines are for this project.--Pharos 03:02, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * No consensus on which years to include articles in yet, because it's been up until now the work of only one or two people. I would think that an article should be included in no more than one year's category.  I would place a law drafted in 1985, passed in 1986, taking effect in 1987 and amended in 1988 should be in "1986 in law"; a treaty written in 1946 that entered into force in 1992 should be in "1992 in law", and an article on the history of telecommunications law shouldn't be in any because it can't be tied to any one year.  The year a court case is decided is pretty clear.  Basically the question for me is, when was the law actually changed?  When a law is written is often rather indeterminate, and when a law takes effect is permanently set in motion when it is passed—the key moment for me.  That a law is later amended shouldn't also place it in that year in law category; make a separate article for the act that amended it if that was such a key moment.  Anyway, those are my thoughts.  Maybe we should make a project page to work it out?  Postdlf 03:38, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Those were the same criteria I was working from for court cases and treaties, but I was putting laws under the year they were passed rather than the year they took effect. I suspect probably not a significant difference in most cases, I don't recall coming across any where a difference between those dates was mentioned. I also put the "years in organized crime" articles in "years in law" categories, since I figured those were directly relevant to legal issues. Should articles on specific crimes go into these categories too? There must be an existing WikiProject on legal articles somewhere that we could parasitize for this. :) Bryan 07:33, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * I must not have been too clear—I agreed with the year the law was passed as the integral year. Postdlf 20:58, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, the italics on effect threw me. Never mind then. :) Bryan 23:51, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Category ~= index. It's bad enough to have categories for births/deaths/films/novels/music/sports by year.  Should every topic have a "by year" category?  How about category:wikipedians who used to think categories were a useful feature but got totally totally turned off by overuse of categories, by year? -- Rick Block 04:01, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - but create Category: 1550s in law (or Category: Law, 1551-1560 if you prefer). Having individual year categories for law from a historical period is overkill - it is likely that many of the related traties will not have been made in the same year exactly, but one or two years either side. It also does restrict the size of the category. There may have been a handful of treaties and bulls in any one year, but we're still not going to get a big, active category. Dividing the century up into more palatable bites will make for easier location of particular legislation and will enable larger categories to show what else was going in in law at around the same time. Grutness|hello? [[Image:Grutness.jpg|25px|]] 05:49, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as too narrow, per Grutness. Radiant_* 08:36, Mar 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Part of me agrees with Rick Block, part of me looks at Muscovy Company and wonders what exactly that has to do with law in 1555, and then I think since there aren't that many articles in any of the subcats of Category:16th century in law, why can't we just get rid of all of them and move the articles up one level?  -Kbdank71 14:50, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Should we also delete Category:15 births because only two people seem to have been born then? It's part of a system.  Chunking it up into larger pieces will only prevent the year in law categories from being linked with individual years, and will glut the more recent periods of time with too many articles (Category:2004 in law presently has 30 articles, Category:2003 in law has 20...).  Postdlf 16:39, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds. In the 20th century every year should have its own category, but not the sixteenth. Categories shouldn't be an end in themselves; how will they be useful to encyclopedia users? If someone needs to know exactly what year the Muscovy Company was chartered, they can read the article. If they want to know what the legal environment was around that time, a decade (or century) would be much more useful. And yes, I have the same opinion about Category:15 births, in part because birth dates that far back are often uncertain. —Wahoofive | Talk 17:57, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * I can see your point. I disagree, but I still see your point.  ; )  But as long as the individual years for the 18th century onward are left alone, I won't get too angry...  Earlier than that, I can chalk it up to a reasonable disagreement over necessity.  Postdlf 20:58, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Too narrow. siafu 17:44, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Of the 9 articles now in this category, 7 should not be in a "year in law" category at all; Imperial Reform should be in Category:1495 in law; only Peace of Augsburg is more or less in the right place. It seems that the existence of this category leads to too much miscategorization, and so its disadvantages outweigh its advantages. Category:16th century in law would be the proper category, or Category:1550s in law, depending on the size of the categories. Eugene van der Pijll 21:49, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * 1550s in law may well make more sense (but I think 16th century would definitely be too broad), but I think you are at least partly wrong about miscategorization. The Reichsexekutionsordnung (Imperial Execution Order) was in 1555, and this is said to have marked the end of the Imperial Reform.  The Cum nimis absurdum was quite significant in the history of European Jewry, just because there isn't a separate article for it yet does that mean it shouldn't be included?--Pharos 04:20, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I would think, actually, that the lack of a separate article means that it shouldn't be included. Would you include an article on the history of slavery in every year that the article notes a legal change was made?  I was hoping these categories would be used narrowly—only when the article as a whole only dealt with the specific legal topic for which the year was integral.  The description I've applied to all these through the template is aiming at that.  Could you write an article on the Cum nimis absurdum?  Postdlf 04:25, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * You (Pharos) are probably right, 1550s in law would have enough articles to make it a useful category. There are several problems with including subjects that do not have their own article:
 * It clutters up the articles itself. Pope Paul IV for example refers to several subjects that do not have their own article. Each of these subject could fit into one or more categories. This would mean that his article could end up with a large number of only tangentially related categories.
 * Conversely, there is more than one article that refers to cum nimis absurdum. Why did you (or someone else) choose Pope Paul IV? You could also have added the articles History of anti-Semitism, Ghetto, Roman Ghetto, and Yellow badge to Category:1555 in law. (Except that according to Roman Ghetto, it was 1556.) This leads either to arbitrariness, if one article is chosen at random, or duplication, if all articles are added, which means that the least important subjects get multiple entries.
 * It makes the category itself unclear. You can't annotate category entries, so it is totally unclear on the category page itself why Pope Paul IV is there.
 * About Imperial Reform: the Reichexecutionsordnung is said to be about details only. The Reform itself started in 1495, with possibly a number of reforms in years after that. If only one year is to be selected, it would be 1495. If the Reichsexecutionsordnung is important enough to be mentioned in a category, an article about it should be possible. Eugene van der Pijll 08:46, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete 16th century in law or 1550s in law makes more sense than 1555 in law. --Laura Scudder 22:50, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Categorising by decade will make it far more useful. --VivaEmilyDavies 23:04, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, obviously. Neutralitytalk 21:07, Apr 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. JuntungWu 06:43, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Hand pay

VfD
On April 26, 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. The result was keep (no consensus). See Votes for deletion/Hand pay for a record of the discussion. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 03:09, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hand pay


text:
T-Bag

T-Bag is a British television series about the eponymous witch-like character and her assistant, T-Shirt. The series ran from 1985 to 1992 on Children's ITV. Written by Grant Cathro and Lee Pressman, each series adopted a different title and featured a single story told over several episodes.

History
The programme was first broadcast on 4 April 1985. The show was originally intended to be educational; however, this aspect was dropped after the first series in favour of simple adventure plots. From 1985 to 1989, Tallulah Bag was played by Elizabeth Estensen. In 1990, Estensen left the show and Tallulah Bag was replaced by her sister Tabatha Bag, played by Georgina Hale. She played the role until the series ended in 1992.

Plot
The sisters obtain magical powers by drinking tea made from the 'High T-Plant'. They are incapable of brewing it properly, requiring an assistant (T-Shirt) to do it for them. In return, T-Bag shares her magical powers with T-Shirt (Thomas Shirt), played by John Hasler. He started as a small child and grew until he towered above Hale by the series end in 1992. T-Shirt is presented as T-Bag's constant companion, part harassed surrogate son, part household servant. T-Bag and T-Shirt's magical powers mostly consist of conjuring objects out of thin air when needed, sending objects elsewhere and teleporting across time and space. T-Bag triggers her teleport ability by clicking her fingers. T-Shirt finds finger clicking too difficult and blinks instead. Although T-Shirt was T-Bag's assistant, he did not share in her evil ways, and though sometimes he appeared to be faithfully serving T-Bag, he was overall a hero, not a villain, and would ultimately side with the child heroine of the story.

Each series (apart from the last) followed a similar format, T-Bag (after reuniting with T-Shirt, either through grovelling or putting him under her power) would attempt to increase her power and there would only be one thing that could stop her. The components that made the item work would be scattered across time and space, and the girl of the series was required to travel and collect them all before T-Bag could get her hands on any of them. Debbie Carter, played by Jennie Stallwood, was the heroine of the first three series. Diana Barrand took over for the fourth as child television presenter Holly Anna Jones. Kellie Bright, who later appeared in The Upper Hand, The Archers and EastEnders, played Sally Simpkins in series five and six, plus a Christmas special. In T-Bag and the Rings of Olympus, the heroine is the Goddess Athena's handmaiden, Polyzena, or Polly, played by Natalie Wood. In T-Bag and the Sunstones of Montezuma, archaeologist's daughter, heroine Penny Hunt was played by Evelyn Sweeney. Typically, each episode also features two non-regular cast members to enliven the story.

Each episode has a different setting in which a magical item is hidden. These are often historical settings or settings from folklore or literature, such as ancient Egypt, ancient Rome, Renaissance Italy and Elizabethan England, Tom Sawyer's American South, Robin Hood's Sherwood Forest or a French Foreign Legion station in North Africa which owes something to Beau Geste. Historical figures such as Napoleon, Leonardo da Vinci or Queen Elizabeth I make guest appearances. Each episode would usually contain two guests stars (an exception to this was Wonders in Letterland, as Jim Norton appeared in each episode playing a different role), with an anchor character who appeared in the first and last episode to send the girl on her quest.

Towards the end of each series, T-Bag and T-Shirt would inevitably have a huge argument and she would take his magic from him (except in Turn on to T-Bag, which turned out to be her downfall) before kicking him out. He would then team up with the girl, and the final episode would usually show T-Bag stealing the collected items back and being within striking distance of victory only to be thwarted at the last second and apparently destroyed, although this was usually temporary.

Tallulah Bag (Estensen) was finally destroyed for good in the last episode of T-Bag and the Revenge of the T-Set and replaced by her sister Tabatha Bag. Although their roles as the villain remained the same, with T-Shirt still by her side, the two characters were quite different. Whereas Tallulah would attempt to keep calm and composed often in attempts to impress people, Tabatha was prone to being over-dramatic and lost her temper. The departure of Tallulah and arrival of Tabatha also caused a role reversal in regards to T-Shirt, as he became more competent and level-headed against her silliness and tendency to rush into situations (to the point that, in Pearls of Wisdom, he was able to successfully deliver one of the titular pearls to T-Bag on two occasions, only for her to immediately lose it both times - not that it stopped her inevitably blaming him for her failure). One common trait was that although both Tallulah and Tabatha spent most of the series as comic relief, both would become very menacing when needed (usually in the last episode).

The final series, Take Off With T-Bag, broke the mould the previous series had set. This time T-Bag was the protagonist and travelled in her spaceship with both T-Shirt (who was willingly working for her now) and a new character named Tow Ling Shirt who was T-Shirt's Chinese cousin. She spent the series collecting golden envelopes which were leading to her birthday surprise. In the final episode of the series, she found that she had been on a wild goose chase while Granny Bag set up a surprise party for her during the distraction. T-Bag, in a rare show of heart, declared that the greatest gift of all was friendship just before she had her birthday cake splattered all over her.

Series
The series titles and broadcast dates are given below:

DVD
A new DVD, T-Bag: The Reunion Documentary, featuring interviews with principal cast and crew members was released on 17 September 2007, through UK based company Fantom Films. In December 2008 it was broadcast on Film24. In May 2010, Revelation Films announced plans to release the series on DVD. As of autumn 2013, only the first 3 series have been made available by Revelation and there have not been any further DVD releases. The first series was released on 8 November 2010, the second on 24 January 2011, and the third on 2 May 2011.

Reception
The Guardian described the show as "...time travel drama somewhere between Doctor Who and Blackadder".

title: T-Bag


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