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TurboDuo

The TurboDuo (later rebranded as simply the Duo) is a fourth-generation video game console developed by NEC Home Electronics and Hudson Soft for the North American market. The TurboDuo was test-marketed in Los Angeles in October 1992, before a nationwide rollout in May 1993. It is the North American version of the Japanese PC Engine Duo game console which was released in September 1991.

In the United States, the TurboDuo was marketed by Turbo Technologies, Inc. (or TTI) of Los Angeles, a joint venture of NEC Home Electronics and Hudson Soft. It was established to market NEC consoles in North America after NEC Home Electronics USA failed to effectively market the platform.

The TurboDuo integrates the capabilities of the TurboGrafx-16 and its CD-ROM drive (the TurboGrafx-CD) into a single, redesigned unit with an updated BIOS and 192 KB of additional RAM. TTI also offered the Super System Card via mail order, which provided the original TurboGrafx-CD with the 192 KB RAM upgrade.

The RAM increase and BIOS update afford the TurboDuo and PC Engine Duo compatibility with all CD-ROM² and Super CD-ROM² titles (Japanese and North American). Like the TurboGrafx-CD, the TurboDuo can read Compact Disc Digital Audio and CD+G discs. The TurboDuo, however, cannot read PC Engine HuCards without modification or an adapter. With a HuCard adapter and an Arcade Card Duo, the TurboDuo can also read Arcade CD-ROM² games (which were sold only in Japan).

Japan
When the PC Engine Duo launched in Japan on September 21, 1991, it retailed for ¥59,800. The product garnered a Good Design Award.

NEC later revised the design of the console to reduce both manufacturing costs and the sale price. This new version, the PC Engine Duo R (PCエンジンDuo-R), went to market on March 25, 1993 with a retail price of ¥39,800. The Duo R omits the 3.5 mm phone connector for headphones, and the locking switch for the lid of the Duo's top-loading CD-ROM drive. The Duo R has a differently shaped, off-white casing.

NEC released its final variation of the PC Engine Duo on June 25, 1994. The PC Engine Duo RX (PCエンジンDuo-RX) has a bluer case, and was bundled with the Arcade Pad 6, a six-button controller, instead of the standard Turbo Pad controller.

North America
TTI released the TurboDuo to consumers in North America in October 1992, at a retail price of US$299.99. The price was, in part, a consequence of the relatively high cost of CD-ROM drive manufacturing.

Since TTI understood that the price was too high for many people in their target market, they included a booklet of coupons for TurboDuo games and accessories, plus several pack-in games on two CD-ROMs: Ys Book I & II (1990) and a Super CD compilation of four of Hudson Soft's more popular TurboGrafx-16 titles: Bonk's Adventure (1989), Bonk's Revenge (1991), Gate of Thunder (1992), and Bomberman (1983). (Bomberman was hidden in an Easter egg.) The package also included one TurboChip game: Dungeon Explorer (Hudson Soft 1989). Later, TTI replaced Dungeon Explorer with one of a variety of TurboChip titles, such as Ninja Spirit (Irem 1988) and Final Lap Twin (Namco 1989).

With the release of the TurboDuo, TTI reduced the retail price of the TurboGrafx-CD peripheral for the TurboGrafx-16 to $150.00, and began marketing the Super System Card, which enabled the TurboGrafx-CD to play the new Super CD games. The Super System Card is programmed with the updated v3.0 BIOS, and increases the TurboGrafx-16's RAM by 192 kilobytes. The TurboGrafx-CD requires the updated BIOS to read Super CD discs, and the additional RAM to run the software capably. The Super System Card retailed for US$65 or, when bundled with the TurboDuo's Super CD compilation disc, US$95.

Unlike the previous consoles which used actual game characters as mascots, for the TurboDuo marketing campaign TTI created a character called "Johnny Turbo". Turbo, a superhero character, was the alter ego of Jonathan Brandstetter, who himself was based in part on real-life game developer and TurboDuo brand manager John C. Brandstetter. Consisting of a three comic campaign that ran in issues of Electronic Gaming Monthly,  the stories featured Johnny opposing agents of the company "FEKA" (a thinly veiled parody of Sega) who were tricking children into buying their CD-based add-on instead of the TurboDuo. Reactions to the advertising campaign were negative, with Jonathan J. Burtenshaw of GameSpy descring them as "petty" and "overly confrontational," and further conjectured that it hurt TurboDuo sales. Despite this Turbo would later resurface as a playable character voiced by Brandstetter in the 2019 puzzle game Crystal Crisis, and in name and image only for Johnny Turbo's Arcade, a Data East arcade game compilation for the Nintendo Switch produced by Brandstetter's company Flying Tiger Development.

Technical specification

 * CPU
 * The Hudson Soft HuC6280 is a modified 65C02 with an effective clock rate of 1.79 or 7.16 MHz (switchable by software). The integrated components of this 8-bit processor include a timer, general-purpose I/O port, and bankswitching hardware (which drives a 21-bit external address bus from a 6502-compatible 16-bit address bus). It is capable of block transfer instructions, as well as dedicated move instructions for communicating with the TurboDuo's video display controller, the HuC6270A.

 * Video processing
 * One 16-bit HuC6260 video color encoder (VCE)
 * One 16-bit HuC6270A video display controller (VDC). Like the TMS99xx family of video display processors, it has port-based I/O.

 * Display resolution
 * Horizontal lines: Maximum of 512, programmable in 8-pixel increments
 * Vertical lines: Maximum of 240, programmable in 8-pixel increments

 * Color
 * Color depth: 9-bit
 * 512-color palette (maximum of 481 colors on-screen: 241 for background tiles, 240 for sprites)
 * Up to 32 palettes (16 for background tiles, 16 for sprites)
 * Up to 16 colors per palette (15 colors + transparency)

 * Sprites
 * Sizes: 16×16, 16×32, 32×16, 32×32, 32×64
 * Simultaneously displayable: 64 (maximum of 8–16 per line, depending on sprite width)
 * Each sprite can use up to 15 unique colors (one color must be reserved as transparent) via one of the 16 available sprite palettes.
 * The HuC6270A VDC can display one sprite layer. Sprites could be placed either in front of or behind background tiles.

 * Tiles
 * Each 8×8-pixel background tile can use up to 16 unique colors via one of the 16 available background palettes. The first color entry of each background palette must be the same across all background palettes. The HuC6270A VDC can display one background layer.

 * Memory
 * Work RAM: 8 KB
 * Video RAM: 64 KB
 * Additional 192 KB of built in Memory (System 3.0)

 * Sound
 * Six wavetable synthesis audio channels, programmable through the HuC6280 CPU
 * One ADPCM channel
 * Compact Disc Digital Audio

 * Software media
 * TurboChip (called HuCard in Japan), a thin, card-like ROM cartridge. Published games consumed up to 20 Mb (2.5 MB).
 * CD-ROM² (pronounced "CD-ROM-ROM" in Japan), a proprietary CD-ROM-based media. Unlike the TurboGrafx-CD add-on, the TurboDuo could play standard CD-ROM² discs, as well Super CD-ROM² discs, without the need of a System Card. Early CD-ROM² games released in North America were branded as TurboGrafx-CD discs, but this relabeling fell into disuse after the launch of the TurboDuo in favor of keeping the CD-ROM² and Super CD-ROM² labeling used in Japan.

title: TurboDuo


text:
Fannie Bay Gaol

Fannie Bay Gaol is a historic gaol in Fannie Bay, Northern Territory, Australia. The gaol operated as Her Majesty's Gaol and Labour Prison, from 20 September 1883 until 1 September 1979.

History
In 1888, Deputy Sheriff (and later Government Resident) John George Knight collected sketches and drawings made by Aboriginal prisoners to be displayed at the Melbourne Centennial Exhibition under the title, The Dawn of Art. Dr Philip Jones, Senior Curator, Department of Anthropology, South Australian Museum, has called this the first exhibition of Aboriginal art.

The last executions in Darwin were held at Fannie Bay Gaol in 1952, when Jerry Coci and Jonus Novotny, Czechoslovakian immigrants, were hanged for the murder of a taxi driver.

The gallows were constructed especially for this execution, in the infirmary. A pit was dug into the floor at one end of the building, with brick walls either side to support the beam. A small trapdoor and flight of steps led down into the pit for the doctor to examine the bodies after the drop. The prisoners were held in wire cages at the other end of the infirmary prior to execution.

The gallows remain on public view, and visitors can push the lever that operated the trap. The prison was damaged, along with much of Darwin, by Cyclone Tracy in 1974.

At first female prisoners were housed in the Gaoler's accommodation but in 1928 a female section was constructed and male and female prisoners were held in separate buildings. The female prison block included a small garden designed to keep the prisoners busy. There was also a block for children, which in the early 1970s was also used for refugees who had arrived by boat.

Two cells were placed in the middle of the lawn for violent or mentally ill inmates. These cells included a small yard encased with cyclone fencing. Maximum security cells included hooks mounted into the walls for the restraint of inmates and very narrow doorways to prevent inmates escaping when a guard entered.

The gaol was listed on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate in 1983 and on the Northern Territory Heritage Register in 1995.

On 1 September 1979, prisoners were relocated to the newly-built correctional facility located in Berrimah and the gaol was officially closed in October 1980.

It is now a museum open to the public.

Notable prisoners

 * Harold Nelson – imprisoned in 1921 for his 'no taxation without representation' campaign, that ultimately led to the Darwin Rebellion.
 * Nemarluk was wanted for the murder of three Japanese fishers from the Ouida near modern-day Wadeye in 1930 but evaded capture for two years. Eventually caught and awaiting trial, he escaped from a prison work party and was at large for a further six months. Although sentenced to hang, the sentence was commuted but he died of pneumonia while still serving time.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Fannie Bay Gaol


text:
Gefion family

The Gefion family (FIN: 516; adj. Gefionian; also known as the Ceres family or the Minerva family) is an asteroid family located in the intermediate asteroid belt between 2.74 and 2.82 AU at inclinations of 7.4° to 10.5°. The family of S-type asteroids is named after 1272 Gefion and consists of more than 2,500 known members. It had previously been known as the Ceres family. It is still known as Minerva family, named after then thought parent body 93 Minerva, until it was identified to be an interloper into its own family.

Properties

The members have proper orbital elements in the approximate ranges

At the present epoch, the range of osculating orbital elements of these core members is

The namesake is 1272 Gefion. The family is fairly large, e.g. the Zappala 1995 analysis found about a hundred core members. A search of a recent proper element database found 766 objects (about 0.8% of the total) lying within the region defined by the first table above.

2631 Zhejiang has a diameter of 34 km, and is the largest core member whose diameter has been reliably estimated, although 2911 Miahelena is brighter, and would have a rough diameter of about 47 km, given the same (very low) albedo of 0.025.

Alternative name and interlopers
Until recently, this family was known as the Ceres family (adj. Cererean) or the Minerva family (adj. Minervian) after 1 Ceres (the largest asteroid) or 93 Minerva. However, spectroscopic analyses showed that these largest members were in fact interlopers in their own family, having a different spectral class from the bulk of the members. Other known interlopers are 255 Oppavia, 374 Burgundia, 2507 Bobone, and 2559 Svoboda. This left the fairly minor asteroid 1272 Gefion as the lowest-numbered member.

List of members
This is a list of the known family members, without the above-mentioned interlopers.

title: Gefion family


text:
Technology education

Technology education, tech ed, or career and technical education is the study of technology, in which students "learn about the processes and knowledge related to technology". As a field of study, it covers the human's ability to shape and change the physical world to meet needs, by manipulating materials and tools with techniques. It addresses the disconnect between wide usage and the lack of knowledge about technical components of technologies used and how to fix them. This emergent discipline seeks to contribute to the learners' overall scientific and technological literacy, and technacy.

Technology education should not be confused with educational technology. Educational technology focuses on a more narrow subset of technology use that revolves around the use of technology in and for education as opposed to technology education's focus on technology's use in general.

History
Technology education is an offshoot of the Industrial Arts tradition in the United States and the Craft teaching or vocational education in other countries. In 1980, through what was called the "Futuring Project", the name of "industrial arts education" was changed to be "technology education" in New York State; the goal of this movement was to increase students' technological literacy. Since the nature of technology education is significantly different from its predecessor, Industrial Arts teachers underwent inservice education in the mid-1980s while a Technology Training Network was also established by the New York State Education Department (NYSED).

In Sweden, technology as a new subject emerged from the tradition of crafts subjects while in countries like Taiwan and Australia, its elements are discernible in historical vocational programs.

In the 21st century, Mars suit design was utilized as a topic for technology education. Technical education is entirely different from general education

Current state of technology education
TeachThought, a private entity, described technology education as being in the “status of childhood and bold experimentation. ” A survey of teachers across the United States by an independent market research company found out that 86 percent of teacher-respondents agree that technology must be used in the classroom. 96 percent say it promotes engagement of students and 89% agree technology improves student outcomes. Technology is present in many education systems. As of July 2018, American public schools provide one desktop computer for every five students and spend over $3 billion annually on digital content. In school year 2015–2016, the government conducted more state-standardized testing for elementary and middle levels through digital platforms instead of the traditional pen and paper method.

The digital revolution offers fresh learning prospects. Students can learn online even if they are not inside the classroom. Advancement in technology entails new approaches of combining present and future technological improvements and incorporating these innovations into the public education system. With technology incorporated into everyday learning, this creates a new environment with new personalized and blended learning. Students are able to complete work based on their own needs as well as having the versatility of individualized study and it evolves the overall learning experience. Technology space in education is huge. It advances and changes rapidly. In the United Kingdom, computer technology helped elevate standards in different schools to confront various challenges. The UK adopted the “Flipped Classroom” concept after it became popular in the United States. The idea is to reverse conventional teaching methods through the delivery of instructions online and outside of traditional classrooms.

In Europe, the European Commission espoused a Digital Education Plan in January 2018. The program consists of 11 initiatives that support utilization of technology and digital capabilities in education development. The Commission also adopted an action plan called the Staff Working Document which details its strategy in implementing digital education. This plan includes three priorities formulating measures to assist European Union member-states to tackle all related concerns. The whole framework will support the European Qualifications Framework for Lifelong Learning and European Classification of Skills, Competences, Qualifications, and Occupations.

In East Asia, The World Bank co-sponsored a yearly (two-day) international symposium In October 2017 with South Korea's Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology and the World Bank to support education and ICT concerns for industry practitioners and senior policymakers. Participants plan and discuss issues in use of new technologies for schools within the region.

Trades

 * Carpentry - woodworking, framing, doors/windows, drywall, insulation, flooring, siding, finishing work, cabinetry, furniture.
 * Plumbing - plumbing fixtures, piping and plumbing fitting, water heater, steamfitter, GreenPlumbers, and drain cleaner.
 * Electrician - wiring, light fixture/major appliance, solar power installation, electronics technician, electric motor/generator technician.
 * Welding - MIG, TIG, stick, welding joints, welding symbols, and metalworking.
 * Masonry - concrete work, bricks/blocks/stones, troweling, and tiling.
 * HVAC - heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and duct work.
 * Painting - staining, wallpaper, paint mixing, plasterwork, and spackling paste.
 * Roofing - shingles, standing seam metal roof, corrugated metal roof, solar roofs, rubber shingles, rain gutters.
 * Mechanic - auto mechanic/restoration/scrapping, refrigeration/air conditioning, boiler, millwright/industrial mechanic.
 * Metal fabrication - machinist, lathes, milling, drilling, grinding, and CNC machining.
 * Sewing - machine sewing, hand stitching, embroidery, tailor, quilting, fashion design, costume design, 3D clothes modeling, upholstery, knitting, tapestry, crochet.
 * Culinary chef - baker, meat cutter\fishmonger, deli, cheesemonger, sushi itamae, and cook.
 * Telecommunications technician - tower technician, directional boring, fiber-optic/coaxial, and satellite dish installer.
 * Automation technician - PLCs, instrumentation calibration, assembly/production line, industrial installation and maintenance.
 * Semiconductor technician

Computers

 * Computer languages - markup languages, scripting languages, programming languages, libraries, and text editors.
 * CAD/CAM/BIM - list of 3D modeling software, List of computer-aided manufacturing software, List of BIM software, CNC machining/3D printing/3D fabrication, and 3D rendering.
 * Video editing - list of video editing software, filmmaking, visual effects, CGI, and List of 3D animation software.
 * Graphic design - List of 2D graphics software, List of 2D animation software, UI/UX, graphics tablets, List of digital art software, vector/raster graphics, and logo design.
 * Digital photography/Videography - digital camera, aerial photography, digital photo editing software, list of video editing software.
 * Information technology (IT)
 * Spreadsheets - CSV (file format), graphs, charts, bookkeeping, list of spreadsheet software, List of relational database management systems.
 * Music Studio - digital audio workstation, audio engineering, list of music software.

Healthcare

 * Medical imaging - Xray, CT scan, MRIs, ECGs, and Ultrasound.
 * Medical laboratory tests
 * Biomedical equipment technician

title: Technology education


text: User talk:68.209.174.167

title: User talk:68.209.174.167


text:
User talk:RKD

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Academic Challenger 01:23, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
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title: User talk:RKD


text: Category:Light reactions

title: Category:Light reactions


text:
User talk:Valerus~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Durin 01:26, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

I've recommended your articles Shitnig and Valerus for deletion. No hostility towards you is intended; they're simply inappropriate. --Durin 01:26, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism warning
Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you.

 —  ChrisDHDR FøřůM •  €D!†$   15:40, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to Bolivia, you will be blocked from editing. snowolfD4( talk / @ ) 16:42, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Pissa-Jelwot
A tag has been placed on Pissa-Jelwot, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia per CSD g1.

Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not meet very basic Wikipedia criteria may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as an appropriate article, and if you can indicate why the subject of this article is appropriate, you may contest the tagging. To do this, add  on the top of the page and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm its subject's notability under the guidelines.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion. To do this, add  on the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag) and leave a note on the page's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself. Q T C 04:16, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Valerus. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Valerus~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:30, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 20:10, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Valerus~enwiki


text: File:Nas-stillmatic-music-album.jpg

title: File:Nas-stillmatic-music-album.jpg


text:
Talk:Thermobaric

Nope. This article is wrong. Thermobarics are not FAEs. There's a difference. Thermobarics are what they are due to the chemical composition of the explosive compound. FAEs are what they are due to the mechanical process of weapon. For thermobarics, think of a graph with time on the x-axis and overpressure on the y-axis. with a normal explosive compound such as TNT, C-4, RDX, ANFO, there is a very high spike in overpressure that very quickly drops. "thermobaric" weapons have a lower overpressure at the moment of detonation, but the level of overpressure decreases much more slowly than a traditional explosive compound. the shape of a thermobaric explosion on the graph would be a semi-circle rather than a spike. i'm no chemist or explosives expert, but the reason is that coupounds that create a thermobaric effect detonate much more slowly, but for a longer duration. Binkymagnus 01:27, 2005 Apr 16 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thermobaric


text:
MAX Red Line

The MAX Red Line is a light rail line serving the Portland metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Oregon. Operated by TriMet as part of the MAX Light Rail system, it is an airport rail link connecting Beaverton, Portland City Center, and Northeast Portland to Portland International Airport. The Red Line serves 27 stations; it interlines with the Blue Line and partially with the Green Line from Beaverton Transit Center to Gateway/Northeast 99th Avenue Transit Center and then branches off to Portland Airport station. Service runs for 22 hours per day with headways of up to 15 minutes. The Red Line carried an average 10,310 passengers per weekday in September 2021, the second-busiest after the Blue Line.

Plans for light rail service to Portland International Airport surfaced in the 1980s, and efforts were accelerated during the airport's expansion in the 1990s. The Airport MAX project was conceived from an unsolicited proposal by Bechtel in 1997, and it was designed and built under a public–private partnership between a consortium of Bechtel and Trammell Crow, the Port of Portland, and local governments. Construction of the four-station, 5.5 mi branch line began in 1999 and was completed in under two years due to the use of local and private financing and existing public right-of-way.

The Red Line began operating between the airport and downtown Portland on September 10, 2001. It was extended west along existing MAX tracks to Beaverton Transit Center in 2003. Track improvements as part of the A Better Red project are scheduled for completion in 2024; this project eliminated two stretches of single-track along the Airport MAX and will extend Red Line service farther west to Fair Complex/Hillsboro Airport station in Hillsboro.

Background and partnership agreement

During construction of the controversial Interstate 205 (I-205) freeway in 1975, Multnomah County leaders negotiated reducing the number of car lanes along a 9 mi section of the freeway and adding a separated transit bus right-of-way; this right-of-way was realized as the I-205 busway,  but it was never utilized by buses. In 1985, the Portland metropolitan area's regional government, Metro, began a study for the Port of Portland and Clackamas County, who proposed a light rail line using the I-205 busway. They envisioned the line running from Portland International Airport to Clackamas Town Center and connecting with the then-nearly completed Metropolitan Area Express (MAX) line, which traveled between Portland and Gresham and crossed it perpendicularly. Metro had recommended construction by 1995, but in 1987, the Joint Policy Advisory Committee on Transportation (JPACT) separately identified the Westside Corridor from downtown Portland to Washington County as the "next priority corridor for major investment". Metro and the regional transit agency, TriMet, subsequently called on local governments and businesses in Clackamas County to pursue alternative funding sources for the I-205 line, which Clackamas County officials disputed. As a compromise, Metro published a transit plan in 1989 that reasserted the Westside Corridor's priority and commissioned preliminary work for the I-205 proposal.

In April 1991, the Port of Portland approved a master plan for Portland International Airport—a 20-year, $300 million phased expansion of the passenger terminal—to serve predicted passenger traffic growth through 2010. The plan included a long-term goal for an extension of light rail to the airport and thus reserved space for a light rail station near the southern end of the terminal's arrivals hall and baggage claim area. By 1993, however, the airport had already served 8.5 million annual passengers—a growth rate of 18 percent, which exceeded the Port's projection for the year 1997. Meanwhile, environmental studies conducted in the early 1990s caused Metro planners to shift plans away from the I-205 corridor in favor of a north–south route farther west, closer to downtown Portland; this route, between Hazel Dell, Washington and Clackamas Town Center, became known as the "South/North Corridor". Voters rejected local funding proposals for the South/North project in 1995 and 1996. Seeking alternative sources of funding, Metro proposed combining the South/North project with a locally and privately funded airport light rail extension, as doing so would allow Metro to ask for more federal matching funds. TriMet, however, opted to ask Portland-area voters for funding instead, who declined in a 1998 ballot measure.

In 1997, engineering firm Bechtel, wanting to acquire property near the airport, submitted an unsolicited proposal to develop the airport light rail line. The Port expressed its support of the proposal, and a preliminary engineering study commenced in December. After long deliberations, agreements were made between Bechtel, the Port, TriMet, and local governments and agencies in October 1998. A part of the agreements authorized Bechtel to design and build a 5.5 mi light rail extension to the airport in exchange for development rights to the 120 acre, commercially zoned Portland International Center situated east of the airport. Bechtel later developed this property and renamed it Cascade Station. The following month, the Associated Builders and Contractors filed a petition in Multnomah County Circuit Court claiming that the contract awarded to Bechtel may have violated Oregon procurement laws. The court ruled in favor of TriMet with the judge declaring that the contract was awarded fairly.

Funding and construction

TriMet estimated the cost of the Airport MAX extension to be $125 million, but additional costs to purchase train sets and build related infrastructure raised this total to $182.7 million. The project's timeline was accelerated with the formation of a public–private partnership, which excluded Federal Transit Administration (FTA) funding and thus eliminated a requirement for FTA approval. Under U.S. federal regulations along with authorization from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Port was only able to fund a 1.2 mi stretch within airport property. To ensure funding for the entire project, the Port divided financing into three parts and assumed responsibility for that segment. The next 1.4 mi of track, which ran through Cascade Station, in turn went to private funding, while the final 2.9 mi along I-205 was covered by TriMet, Metro, and the City of Portland.

The Port contributed $28.3 million for construction and $20 million for terminal and road improvements; these funds were drawn from a $3 ticket fee levied on travelers. Delta Air Lines, Reno Air, and United Airlines had opposed the use of ticket fees, arguing that the extension would serve few airline passengers, but the FAA approved it in May 1999. Additional funds came from Cascade Station Development, a private consortium of Bechtel and real estate developer Trammell Crow, who provided $28.2 million for the project and $13.1 million for the construction of an interchange over I-205 and Airport Way. TriMet released $27.5 million for construction, which was funded by $30 million in bonds, and procured six new rail cars for $6 million each. Metro allocated $18 million from a regional transportation fund, and $23 million came from tax increment bonds issued by the City of Portland.

David Evans and Associates served as the prime engineer and lead designer. Much of the Airport MAX extension used public right-of-way already owned either by the Oregon Department of Transportation, the Port, or TriMet. This avoided displacing private property owners and limited the project's impact only to parking spaces at Gateway Transit Center and along Airport Way. Bechtel began construction in June 1999 on a segment next to I-205 near the Columbia Slough. Bridgework over the freeway commenced the following December. To minimize lane closures, workers used a cast-in-place concrete pouring method to extend the bridges' spans in 16 ft increments. Work progressed quickly along the freeway segment due to the existing I-205 busway right-of-way, which came with a tunnel from Gateway Transit Center to the freeway median. Bechtel contracted track installation to Stacy and Witbeck, whose workers placed 3200 ft of rail per day to meet the project's deadline; tracks from Gateway Transit Center to the bridge over southbound I-205 were laid by July 2000. Hoffman Construction built the $8.4 million Portland Airport station, and local architecture firm Zimmer Gunsul Frasca (ZGF) designed the station's glass-roofed shelter to complement the airport terminal's drop-off canopy, which ZGF also designed. Bechtel began the end-to-end testing of the power, trains, and signals in March 2001, and TriMet took over the project that July to continue system testing and verify scheduling.

Opening and extension to Beaverton

In 2000, TriMet named the new MAX service to the airport the "Red Line" to differentiate it from the established service between Hillsboro and Gresham, which it renamed the "Blue Line". The Airport MAX extension opened on September 10, 2001. Celebrations scheduled for September 15–16 were canceled in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, with the airport itself closed for three days due to a nationwide ground stop. Upon opening, the Red Line operated from the airport to the Library and Galleria stations in downtown Portland, where its trains turned around at the 11th Avenue loop tracks. It replaced bus route 12–Sandy Boulevard as TriMet's only service to and from the airport, while C-Tran, the transit agency serving Clark County, Washington, rerouted its bus service from its connection at Gateway Transit Center to Parkrose/Sumner Transit Center. Although tested during trial runs, TriMet opted to omit luggage racks from Red Line trains to maximize rider capacity. By November 2001, ridership had averaged 2,300 riders and peaked at 3,800 riders a day before the Thanksgiving holiday weekend. At the time, service had been using single light rail cars, but the influx of riders prompted TriMet to temporarily deploy two-car consists, which it had not planned to do until 2006.

On September 1, 2003, TriMet extended Red Line service farther west using the existing Westside MAX tracks to Beaverton Transit Center. This was done in an effort to increase capacity between Gateway Transit Center and Beaverton, and to provide a one-seat ride to the airport for westside riders. Regular use of two-car trains on the line began in September 2005, when overcrowding prompted TriMet to change most Yellow Line service from two-car consists to single cars in order to convert the Red Line to two-car trains. On March 2, 2008, three trips in each direction during the morning and evening rush hours began operating between the Hatfield Government Center and Portland Airport stations to provide further additional capacity on the Blue Line amid growing ridership.

Track improvements and extension to Hillsboro

In October 2017, TriMet, citing system-wide delays caused by two single-track segments along the Airport MAX, announced the MAX Red Line Improvements Project, later renamed "A Better Red". A Better Red sought double-tracking a 2800 ft section of track north of Gateway Transit Center and another 3800 ft section alongside Northeast Airport Way just before the airport terminal. To qualify the project for federal funding, TriMet included extending Red Line service farther west to Fair Complex/Hillsboro Airport station in Hillsboro; this extension would use existing Westside MAX tracks and create a one-seat option from 10 additional stations to Portland International Airport. Additionally, TriMet had announced it would procure up to eight new light rail vehicles to accommodate the improvements, but later purchased 30 new trains overall; four were part of A Better Red, while the remaining 26 were replacements for the original MAX fleet, which are gradually being retired.

Preliminary design work began in February 2018. TriMet adopted a locally preferred alternative in April 2019, and the FTA announced $99.99 million for the project through the Capital Investment Grants program in May 2020. Final design was completed by engineering firm Parametrix in early 2021. The design includes two new bridges north of Gateway Transit Center to accommodate the second track and a new MAX platform called "Gateway North". TriMet broke ground on September 28, 2021.

From April 2–9, 2022, Red Line service was suspended to make way for construction, and shuttle buses operated between Gateway Transit Center and Portland International Airport. The project was completed in March 2024.

From June 18 to October 21, 2023, TriMet suspended MAX service between Gateway Transit Center and the airport to allow for construction of the second track between the airport and Mount Hood Avenue.

From January 14 to March 3, 2024, TriMet suspended MAX Red, Blue and Green Line service between NE 7th and Gateway Transit Center. Inbound Red Line trains from PDX began serving Gateway North on March 4, 2024. These projects eliminated the last bidirectional single-track sections on the MAX system.

Route

The Red Line serves the 5.5 mi Airport MAX segment. This segment begins just south of Gateway Transit Center where it branches from the Eastside MAX segment, makes a 180-degree loop, and heads north along the east side of the I-205 freeway. Near Rocky Butte, it enters a tunnel beneath the northbound lanes of the freeway and emerges along the median. The line then crosses over the southbound lanes of I-205 just south of the Columbia Slough and proceeds northwest along the south side of Cascade Parkway. It follows this road then crosses it just before Mount Hood Avenue station. The line then continues northwest along the south side of Airport Way until it reaches its terminus at Portland Airport station.

Beyond the Airport MAX, the Red Line serves parts of the Westside and Eastside MAX segments, where it interlines with the Blue Line from Beaverton Transit Center to Gateway Transit Center and the Green Line from Rose Quarter Transit Center to Gateway Transit Center.

Stations

The Airport MAX project added four stations to the MAX system: Portland Airport, Mount Hood Avenue, Cascades, and Parkrose/Sumner Transit Center. In March 2024, Gateway North was added as part of A Better Red. The Red Line serves these five stations in addition to 22 others, a total of 27 stations. It shares the 22 stations, from Beaverton Transit Center to Gateway Transit Center, with the Blue Line, of which eight stations, from Rose Quarter Transit Center to Gateway Transit Center, are additionally shared with the Green Line.

Riders can transfer to the Green, Orange, and Yellow lines at the Pioneer Courthouse and Pioneer Place stations from the Pioneer Square stations. Riders can additionally transfer to the Yellow Line at Interstate/Rose Quarter station from Rose Quarter Transit Center. The Library, Galleria, Convention Center, and Northeast 7th Avenue stations connect to the Portland Streetcar, and Beaverton Transit Center connects to WES Commuter Rail. Some stations connect to local and intercity bus services. Red Line service will extend to Fair Complex/Hillsboro Airport station in 2024, adding 10 additional stations.

Service
TriMet designates the Red Line as a "Frequent Service" route; its trains operate for approximately 22 hours per day with headways ranging from 30 minutes during the early mornings and late evenings to as frequently as 15 minutes for most of the day. Each day, the first train begins service at approximately 3:30 am going eastbound from Beaverton Transit Center to Portland Airport station. Travel between the termini takes approximately 65 minutes and the first westbound service departs Portland Airport station at approximately 4:55 am. In the evenings, select westbound trains travel beyond the line's terminus at Beaverton Transit Center to Hatfield Government Center station in Hillsboro; these trains operate as through services of the Blue Line upon arriving at Gateway/Northeast 99th Avenue Transit Center. The Red Line's last three trips turn into eastbound Blue Line trains at Gateway Transit Center and terminate at Ruby Junction/East 197th Avenue station. The last westbound service departs from Portland Airport station at approximately 12:30 am and the last Red Line service, which travels eastbound, departs from Portland Airport station at approximately 1:40 am.MAX Red Line schedules:
 * For weekday, to Portland City Center and Beaverton Transit Center:
 * For weekday, to Portland City Center and Airport:
 * For Saturday, to Portland City Center and Beaverton Transit Center:
 * For Saturday, to Portland City Center and Airport:
 * For Sunday, to Portland City Center and Beaverton Transit Center:
 * For Sunday, to Portland City Center and Airport:

On September 2, 2018, TriMet reintroduced bus service to the airport, which had been replaced by the Red Line in 2001, with the 272–PDX Night Bus. The bus route ran in the late night and early morning hours when the Red Line was not operating. It was indefinitely suspended on April 5, 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ridership
The Red Line averaged 10,310 riders on weekdays in September 2021. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, which impacted public transit ridership globally, the Red Line was the second-busiest service on the MAX network, having averaged 22,530 weekday riders in September 2019. In September 2002, it averaged 2,800 daily riders at the airport, ahead of TriMet's first-year projections of 2,300. The line's extension to Beaverton Transit Center in 2003 increased weekday ridership by 49 percent along the westside corridor and six percent systemwide. IKEA's opening in July 2007 helped to attract more riders to Cascade Station, which had been considered a failed planned development amid the economic recession that followed the September 11 attacks. In 2008, Cascades station recorded an eight-fold increase in traffic, from 250 passengers per week to 2,000; this number increased to 6,000 by 2010. The Red Line's yearly ridership peaked at just over nine million passengers in 2009; it has continued to fall as part of a system-wide decline attributed to crime and rising housing costs in the Portland area. From 8.2 million boardings in 2012, 7.4 million boardings were recorded in 2015.

title: MAX Red Line


text:
Richard B. Garnett

Richard Brooke Garnett (November 21, 1817 – July 3, 1863) was a career United States Army officer and a Confederate general in the American Civil War. He was court-martialed by Stonewall Jackson for his actions in command of the Stonewall Brigade at the First Battle of Kernstown, and killed during Pickett's Charge at the Battle of Gettysburg.

Early life
Garnett was born on the "Rose Hill" estate in Essex County, Virginia, the son of William Henry Garnett and Anna Maria Brooke, both of primarily English ancestry. He had a twin brother, William, who died in Norfolk in 1855. He was the cousin of Robert M. T. Hunter as well as Robert Selden Garnett, also a Confederate general, who holds the dubious distinction of being the first general officer killed during the Civil War. Both of the Garnetts graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1841, with Richard standing 29th out of 52 cadets, two spots below Robert. Garnett was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 6th U.S. Infantry and he served in a variety of posts in Florida, fighting the Seminoles, and then in the West, where he commanded Fort Laramie, rode with the Utah Expedition, and was a noted Indian fighter.

During the Mexican–American War, he served in staff positions in New Orleans, and was promoted to first lieutenant on February 16, 1847. He learned of the outbreak of the Civil War while serving in California as a captain, the rank to which he had been promoted on May 9, 1855. Despite believing strongly that the Union should not be dissolved, he returned to Virginia to fight for his native state and the Confederacy.

Civil War
Garnett resigned his commission in the U.S. Army on May 17, 1861, and entered the Confederate States Army. His first assignment in Virginia was as a major of artillery in May, and then as lieutenant colonel of Cobb's Georgia Legion on August 31. He was promoted to brigadier general on November 14, 1861, and commanded the 1st Brigade of the Valley District of the Confederate Army of the Potomac, which was the brigade originally formed by Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson, the Stonewall Brigade; Jackson was now in overall command in the Shenandoah Valley.

During Jackson's Valley Campaign of 1862, Garnett's military career took a downward turn at the First Battle of Kernstown in March. Jackson marched his army 40 mi to intercept a portion of the Union Army under Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks. On March 23, Jackson's cavalry commander, Col. Turner Ashby, brought faulty intelligence that the retreating Union division of Brig. Gen. James Shields had four regiments in the rear outside Winchester, Virginia. Since that force was of comparable size to Jackson's, he ordered Garnett and the Stonewall Brigade to attack. Unfortunately, Shields had a full infantry division on hand, almost 9,000 men, twice the size of Jackson's force. The attack went badly and Garnett, finding his brigade low on ammunition and surrounded by forces attacking from three sides, ordered a retreat. Jackson was infuriated and accused Garnett of disobeying orders, since he did not have Jackson's permission to retreat. Jackson, well known as a strict disciplinarian, arrested Garnett for "neglect of duty" on April 1 and relieved him of command. Garnett's court-martial started in August 1862, with only Jackson and his aide giving testimony. However the trial was suspended due to the start of Gen. Robert E. Lee's Northern Virginia Campaign and the Second Battle of Bull Run that August.

Lee ordered Jackson to release Garnett from arrest and he was assigned to command the injured George Pickett's brigade in Lt. Gen. James Longstreet's First Corps in the Army of Northern Virginia. Garnett commanded the brigade credibly at the Battle of Antietam in September, after which he assumed permanent command of the brigade on November 26 when Pickett was promoted to divisional command, and at the Battle of Fredericksburg that December. He did not participate in the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863 because Longstreet's Corps was assigned duties in Suffolk, Virginia.

Stonewall Jackson was gravely wounded at Chancellorsville and died soon after from pneumonia. Upon Jackson's death, Garnett returned to Richmond where the general's body lay in state. Despite his professional disagreement with Jackson, Garnett set aside any ill will against him and served as a pall bearer along with Longstreet, Richard S. Ewell, and others at his funeral.

Gettysburg and death
During the Gettysburg Campaign, Garnett's brigade continued in the division of George Pickett and, due to the order of march, did not reach the battlefield from Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, until late on the afternoon of July 2, 1863, missing the first two days of the Battle of Gettysburg. Pickett's division was assigned by Gen. Lee to lead a great assault on the Union's center on Cemetery Ridge on July 3. Garnett's brigade was in the front rank of Pickett's division, on the left, next to Brig. Gen. James L. Kemper's brigade. Garnett was in no shape to lead an infantry charge; he was suffering from fever and an injured leg when his horse kicked him and he could not walk. But Garnett yearned to settle the record of his military dishonor from Kernstown, which the aborted court-martial could not. Despite protestations from other officers, Garnett insisted on leading his soldiers into battle on horseback, becoming a conspicuous target for Union riflemen.

Prior to starting out toward the Union defenses on Cemetery Hill, Garnett conversed with Brig. Gen. Lewis Armistead, another of Pickett's brigade commanders, about the proposed charge. Garnett reportedly said: "This is a desperate thing to attempt" to which Armistead added his prediction that "the slaughter will be terrible."

Garnett got within 20 yards of the "Angle" on Cemetery Ridge before he was killed, a bullet striking him in the head as he waved his hat to urge his men forward. His courier, Private Robert H. Irvine of the 19th Virginia, witnessed his death. Irvine's horse was hit and fell on Garnett, so the private pulled Garnett's body from underneath the animal and retrieved the general's watch, which he gave to the brigade adjutant. There are conflicting stories about whether Garnett's horse, a bay gelding named Red Eye, returned to the Confederate lines. Although Garnett was wearing a new uniform, somehow his body was never identified and he was buried by Union soldiers in a mass grave. Robert K. Krick presumes that his remains were later transferred to Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond. Garnett and Armistead were both killed; Kemper was gravely wounded.

In memoriam
In 1872, remains of Confederate dead were brought from Gettysburg and reinterred to Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond, Virginia. The Hollywood Memorial Association erected a cenotaph in Garnett's honor in 1991, making the assumption that his remains were in this group. Years after the war, Garnett's sword was located in a Baltimore pawnshop and was purchased by former Confederate Brig. Gen. George H. Steuart, who died before he could return it to Garnett's family. It was subsequently returned by Steuart's nephew.

In popular media
Garnett was portrayed by American actor Andrew Prine in the 1993 film Gettysburg, based on Michael Shaara's novel, The Killer Angels. In the movie, Garnett is killed by a cannon shot and his horse returns to the southern lines riderless, perhaps to reflect how his body was never found. He reprised this role in 2003 in film's prequel Gods and Generals, although uncredited and without any dialog.

Disputed photograph
A photograph long believed to be one of only two photos of Garnett, is, in fact, a photograph of his cousin, Robert Selden Garnett, as indicated by the script along the black edge, which, when mirrored, reads "R.S. Garnett 6589." The bottom photograph of this article is possibly the only photograph known, although it is likely also a photo of Robert Garnett, as Richard B. Garnett was described by contemporaries as a fair-haired man with blue eyes. A letter to the editor of America's Civil War magazine claims that the Library of Congress possesses a photograph of Richard B. Garnett that has been mislabeled as "Franklin Gardner, CSA, Born N.Y.C."

Personal life
General Garnett is mentioned in the Memoir of Emily Elizabeth Parsons

title: Richard B. Garnett


text:
User:Alex is awake

I'm just a boy. I promise.

Likes

 * Song Fight!
 * Somesongs
 * Other things that I don't like enough to remember at the moment

Dislikes

 * People arrogant enough to act like they never get angry, only amused (come on, people)
 * People who don't allocate enough thought to figure out what kind of people they are

Philosophy
Do stuff, it's fun. Be honest about why you do stuff, I mean, why you really do stuff.

Why I Love Wikipedia
Imagine, if you will, war. You know, the real kind, with swords and knights and things like that. Now, take all of the strong guys, and replace them with scholars. Then, take all of the weapons, are replace them with words, councils, committees, and reversion. Now, take both sides and meld them into one; give them a common goal to work for.

Wikipedia is like war, only not physically violent and MUCH more interesting to watch. Do you know I come here less for the articles and more for the talk pages of requests for arbitration?

title: User:Alex is awake


text:
Harry Potter: Quidditch World Cup

Harry Potter: Quidditch World Cup is a 2003 sports game that features the fictional sport of Quidditch from the Harry Potter franchise. The game was developed by two teams, EA UK and Magic Pockets, and was published by Electronic Arts. It was released for Game Boy Advance, Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox, and GameCube. The game bears no relation to the abandoned Nintendo 64 project.

This game serves as the first entry of Harry Potter: Quidditch spin-off series, with its followup known as Harry Potter: Quidditch Champions was announced on June 16, 2024, to be released on September 3, 2024.

Characters/Teams
Hogwarts House team rosters are based on Harry's third year (Prisoner of Azkaban). Other House and national team members not named in the books are named in this game, and their names are also listed on Chocolate Frog cards in the Half-Blood Prince video game.

As in the first three books, Lee Jordan returns as play-by-play commentator for the House Quidditch Cup matches, but unique to this game, Harry and Ron's dorm-mate Seamus Finnegan joins as color commentator. Meanwhile, Ludo Bagman returns as play-by-play commentator for international matches, with a set of color commentators. Other characters make appearances in the stands and elsewhere, such as Hermione Granger, Ron Weasley, Rolanda Hooch and Albus Dumbledore.

Hogwarts
In this stage, the player competes for the Hogwarts Inter-House Quidditch Cup for one of the Hogwarts House teams – Gryffindor, Ravenclaw, Hufflepuff, or Slytherin. Each House team is represented by its Seeker, and each Seeker is a specific character from the books (Harry Potter for Gryffindor, Draco Malfoy for Slytherin, Cedric Diggory for Hufflepuff, and Cho Chang for Ravenclaw). When the player chooses a team, the Seeker of the chosen House flies off on a broomstick. If this is the player's first time playing a team, the character will give a short statement praising the player's selection, and then the House challenges appear. These challenges focus on specific areas of a full Quidditch game and are used to learn the game for new players or polish skills as a returning player.

There are six House challenges: Passing, Tackle and Shoot, Seeker, Beaters and Bludgers, Special Moves, and Combos. Each is led by a relevant player – for example, Harry leads the Gryffindor Seeker challenge, while Angelina Johnson leads the Gryffindor Passing challenge, and Oliver Wood leads the Gryffindor Combo challenge. Only the first three challenges - Passing, Tackle and Shoot, and Seeker - are initially available to the player, with Beaters and Bludgers and Special Moves unlocked after the first Quidditch match and Combos unlocked after the second match. Completing the first set of challenges unlocks the ability to play a full Quidditch match. Winning the first game chosen unlocks the next set of challenges, which must then be completed to unlock the next match. Winning the second game unlocks the final challenge. Completing that challenge unlocks the Hogwarts Quidditch Cup final match.

During a Quidditch match, the player controls the Chasers, who try to score goals with the Quaffle to earn 10 points per goal. The Chasers' abilities depend on which challenges have been completed (e.g., special moves and combo moves are unavailable in the first game). New abilities can also be unlocked by collecting certain Quidditch cards. These cards are earned by completing certain tasks, such as winning without conceding a goal or performing a certain number of steals in a game. Along the top of the screen, each team's score display also features a thin bar with one-half of the Golden Snitch. Actions performed in the game by the Chasers such as any successful pass increase the bar slightly, and performing a successful string of combo passes and shots can increase the bar by an amount proportional to the length of the combo string, up to seven actions. The player can continue to chain actions to the combo, but the counter will not go past 7. The bar will increase until both halves join.

The Chasers can also perform moves to drain the opposing team's bar such as successfully hitting the opposing Chasers with a Bludger, performing a successful Special Move tackle, or performing a Team Special Move. Every team in the game has a unique Team Special Move that triggers a short cinematic of spectacular teamwork between the team Chasers (and sometimes Beaters) and has a possibility of scoring multiple goals. For example, the Ravenclaw Team Special Move, the Burdish of Raven, scores three times for 30 points total – something no other Team Special Move, even those of the national teams, does. Although the original Quidditch rule disallows having more than 2 Chasers in the scoring area at the same time (known as Stooging, as stated in Quidditch Through the Ages), doing such behaviour in this game will not result in a penalty.

Once both halves of the Snitch join, the game moves into the Snitch Chase, regardless of score (it is possible, though unlikely, to engage in the Snitch Chase with the score at 0-0). During the Snitch Chase, the player now controls the Seeker and follows the Snitch, in a race against the opposing Seeker to catch it. The player can use a speed boost, which drains a boost bar directly proportional to the size of the Snitch bar accumulated during the Chaser portion of the game. Staying in the Snitch's slipstream helps refill the player's boost bar and will cause the bar to extend its size if the bar is full. Using the boost, the player will be able to grab the Snitch once it is close enough. Successfully catching the Snitch grants the player's team 150 points and the match ends. This typically wins the match but is not always the case, though catching the Snitch is also useful for catching up with the opposing team in points. The Cup is based on points, not wins, so high-scoring teams have a better chance at winning, and the team with the highest point total after all three games have been played wins the Cup. Winning the Cup with any team unlocks the Quidditch World Cup.

World Cup
The World Cup stage is similar to the Hogwarts stage in terms of gameplay, with the exception that there are no challenges available to the player and the teams are the national teams based on real countries instead of Hogwarts Houses. Several different team choices are available to the player, including England, the United States of America, Japan, Germany, France, Australia, the Nordic Team, Spain, and Bulgaria, the latter of which features the "star Seeker" from the book series, Viktor Krum. However, Bulgaria has to be unlocked first by collecting Quidditch cards.

Apart from team selection, the key difference between the World Cup and the Hogwarts Cup is that the player is required to choose which model of broom to use, which is essentially a Difficulty selection screen. The four models available are Comet 260 (Easy), Nimbus 2000 (Medium), Nimbus 2001 (Hard), and Firebolt (Very Hard). Only Comet 260 and Nimbus 2000 are available in the beginning; the others have to be unlocked by collecting Quidditch cards. Each broom offers different handling in-game, although this is hardly noticeable. The broom selection more directly affects how hard the AI will play.

The player will play against every team in the World Cup twice, once at the player team's home ground and once at the opposing teams. The Cup is awarded the same way as the Hogwarts Cup, so the team with the highest score total at the end of the season wins the World Cup. The player can play multiple separate World Cups with different teams simultaneously but can only run one World Cup with any given team. For example, the player can play a World Cup as England and a separate World Cup as France at the same time but cannot play two separate World Cups as France at the same time.

Exhibition
Exhibition allows the player to play a one-off match between the Hogwarts House teams at Hogwarts during summer or winter. The player can also choose to play an international match, controlling a national team. Only the venues of the England and US teams are available initially, but as the player wins against international teams in an "away" game in the international tournament, more venues are unlocked. This mode also offers the game's multiplayer option. The team that the second player can choose depends on the team pool that the first player selects. In either single or multiplayer, a Hogwarts team cannot play against a World Cup team or on any international field, and no World Cup team can play at Hogwarts.

Reception
The game received mixed to positive reviews. GameRankings gave the game a score of 70% for the GameCube version, 71% for the PC version, 70% for the PlayStation 2 version, 69% for the Xbox version, and 53% for the Game Boy Advance version. Likewise, Metacritic gave it a score of 68 out of 100 each for the GameCube and PS2 versions, 69 out of 100 each for the PC and Xbox versions,  and 53 out of 100 for the GBA version.

GameSpot gave all versions of the game except the Game Boy Advance version a rating of 6.5/10, citing sluggish controls and shallow gameplay, but praising the inclusion of easily recognizable characters from the books and films, and good graphics. IGN gave all console versions of the game except the Game Boy Advance version a 7.2/10 and GameSpy gave the PC version a score of three stars out of five. In Japan, Famitsu gave the GBA version a score of two sixes, one five, and one eight, for a total of 25 out of 40.

The game's critics generally criticized the game's feel, as the controls were felt to be sluggish. IGN cited the game as being "fun, but not compelling." Eurogamer cited the game commentary track as being "painful at times", but also described "Quidditch World Cup above [as] being an average, if well-implemented, fantasy sports game."

Sequel
In April 2023, a spiritual successor, Harry Potter: Quidditch Champions was announced and will be released for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X and Series S, and Microsoft Windows on September 3rd, 2024.

title: Harry Potter: Quidditch World Cup


text:
Talk:Macintosh LC 500 series

Performa 550
This part of the article is factually wrong about the optical drive. I actually still have a Performa 550, and the CD drive is a standard tray loading type, not a caddy type. This was not an upgrade as the front bezel is not compatible between the two types of drives (the caddy type would use a much smaller loading slot than the tray type).

This was me, and I fixed it just now, even including an uploaded image of the Performa 550 I have, because why not? :D Mondoshawan22 (talk) 16:41, 6 April 2021 (UTC)

From Talk:Macintosh LC 575
IMO, this article should probably be at Macintosh LC 575 rather than Performa 575 or Quadra 575. Seeing as "LC 575" returns 13,800 hits on Google, "Performa 575" returns 12,530 hits on Google, and "Quadra 575" only receives about 700 hits. --KelisFan2K5 01:31, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * OPPOSE the machine was introduced as the Quadra 575. 132.205.64.135 20:58, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

It was requested that this article be renamed but there was no consensus for it to be moved. violet/riga (t) 17:11, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The Macintosh LC 575 was never marketed as the "Quadra 575". Let's move this to Macintosh LC 575 instead. --KelisFan2K5 22:28, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

About the merge...
This page is built on a foundation that was at Macintosh LC 575. I chose that one because it had a longer history than Macintosh LC 580. The two other pages merged (520 and 550) didn't have much history to begin with, and were solely edited by me anyway. -- grm_wnr Esc  21:56, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

In use ?
That computer does not look in use to me. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.53.101.18 (talk) 17:54, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20020905064353/http://docs.info.apple.com:80/article.html?artnum=17055 to http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=17055

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Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 04:27, 27 May 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Macintosh LC 500 series


text: File:Nas-gods-son-music-album.jpg

title: File:Nas-gods-son-music-album.jpg


text:
User talk:Jaschakennedy

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks.

There are many better places to express your love. Wikipedia is dry encyclopedia so please keep it in this way. Pavel Vozenilek 01:32, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jaschakennedy


text:
User talk:Dalimothra

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Welcome, !

Here are some useful tips to ease you into the Wikipedia experience:

Also, here are some odds and ends that I find useful from time to time:
 * First, take a look at the Wikipedia Tutorial, and perhaps dabble a bit in the test area.
 * When you have some free time, take a look at the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines. They can come in very handy!
 * Learn about some of the Wikipedia landmarks by trying our Wikipedia scavenger hunt!
 * If you need any help, feel free to post a question at the Help Desk
 * Wikipedia has a vibrant community of editors. The village pump is a great place to see the goings on.
 * Remember to use a neutral point of view!
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

 * Utilities
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 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can most easily reach me by posting on my talk page.

You can sign your name on any page by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~~~~.

Best of luck, and have fun!

ClockworkSoul 01:33, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Note
Please do not submit random useless crap to Wikipedia. No matter how funny you think it is, no one will ever see it except the administrator who deletes it, so you've wasted your own time as well.

If you still need to be funny, you might want to check out Uncyclopedia instead. Thank you.

title: User talk:Dalimothra


text: User talk:64.136.220.29

title: User talk:64.136.220.29


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Road Rules: X-Treme

Road Rules: X-Treme is the thirteenth season of the MTV reality television series Road Rules, which takes a group of young people and places them on a series of quests and challenges to compete for prizes. X-Treme took place in South America, in Argentina and Chile. It was the first and only Road Rules season to have a dog to be credited as part of the cast.

Original cast

 * At time of filming.

Additional cast

 * At time of filming.

Duration of cast

 * Table key
 * = Cast Member is featured on this episode.
 * = Cast Member replaces another cast member.
 * = Cast Member is voted out of the show.

 * Notes

After filming
Kina returned to the series as part of the alumni cast of Road Rules 2007: Viewers' Revenge.

Jodi lives in Germany with her husband and their son.

On June 7, 2017, Dias was found dead in his Brooklyn apartment at the age of 34, with a drug-related suicide being cited as the possible cause of his death.

In July 2018, Trimbur was diagnosed with breast cancer.

In 2022, Kosinksi married Nicole Gruman. Kosinski also has a son with ex-wife Amy Manchin.

The Challenge

 * Note: Derrick made an appearance on Vendettas for an elimination

title: Road Rules: X-Treme


text: User talk:198.246.5.211

title: User talk:198.246.5.211


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Joseph McElroy

Joseph Prince McElroy (born August 21, 1930) is an American novelist, short story writer, and essayist. He is noted for his long postmodern novels such as Women and Men.

Personal background
McElroy was born on August 21, 1930, in Brooklyn, New York, and grew up in Brooklyn Heights. He graduated from Poly Prep Country Day School in 1947 and was given an Alumni Distinguished Achievement Award in 2007 from the school's Board of Governors. He graduated from Williams College in 1951. The following year, McElroy earned a master's degree from Columbia University. He served in the Coast Guard from 1952 to 1954, and then returned to Columbia to complete his Ph.D. in 1961.

In 1961, McElroy married Joan Leftwich, of London, in London. She is the daughter of Yiddish-speaking Orthodox Jews; her father, Joseph Leftwich, was a translator and anthologizer of Yiddish poetry. The McElroys' only child, Hanna, was born in 1967. McElroy assisted with the birth.

Career
McElroy taught English and Creative Writing at the University of New Hampshire from 1956 to 1962 and at Queens College, City University of New York from 1964 to 1995, when he retired. McElroy's first novel, A Smuggler's Bible, was published in 1966. McElroy said A Smuggler's Bible "is like everybody's first novel, trying to put too much between covers. ...[I]t's a young book, and young people still seem to like it."

McElroy's writing is often grouped with that of William Gaddis and Thomas Pynchon, due to the encyclopedic quality of his novels, especially Women and Men (1987). His short fiction was first published in literary journals. Echoes of McElroy's work can be found in that of Don DeLillo and David Foster Wallace. McElroy's work often reflects a preoccupation with how science functions in American society; Exponential, a collection of essays published in Italy in 2003, collects science and technology journalism written primarily in the 1970s and 1980s for the New York Review of Books.

In 1980, McElroy and his class at Queens College interviewed Norman Mailer. He interviewed Harry Mathews in 2002 for the Village Voice. McElroy wrote about his fiction and influences in his essay "Neural Neighborhoods".

Honors and awards

 * John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship, Fiction, 1976
 * American Academy of Arts and Letters Award in Literature, 1977
 * Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship
 * Ingram Merrill Foundation Fellowship, twice
 * National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship, twice

Novels

 * A Smuggler's Bible, Harcourt Brace, 368 pages, 1966. ISBN 978-0233959764
 * Hind's Kidnap: A Pastoral on Familiar Airs, Harper and Row, 534 pages, 1969. ISBN 978-0893661052
 * Ancient History: A Paraphase, Knopf, 307 pages, 1971. ISBN 978-0394469256
 * Lookout Cartridge, Knopf, 531 pages, 1974. ISBN 978-0394493756
 * Plus, Knopf, 215 pages, 1977. ISBN 978-0394407944
 * Women and Men, Knopf, 1192 pages, 1987. ISBN 978-0394503448
 * The Letter Left to Me, Knopf, 151 pages, 1988. ISBN 978-0394571966
 * Actress in the House, Overlook, 432 pages, 2003. ISBN 978-1585673506
 * Cannonball, Dzanc Books, 312 pages, 2013. ISBN 978-1938604218

Short stories

 * The Accident, New American Review, Number 2, January 1968.
 * Ship Rock: A Place, William B. Ewert, Concord, New Hampshire, limited edition, 42 pages, 1980
 * republished as a chapter in Women and Men, 1987
 * Preparations for Search 1984
 * revised and printed as a chapbook, by Small Anchor Press, 2010
 * Night Soul and Other Stories, Dalkey Archive Press, 304 pages, 2011. ISBN 978-1564786029
 * Taken From Him, Kindle Singles, 2014.

Essays

 * Exponential (2003; published in Italy)
 * "Neural Neighborhoods and Other Concrete Abstracts" (1974)

Book chapters on McElroy

 * , detailed character analysis.
 * , detailed character analysis.
 * , detailed character analysis.
 * , detailed character analysis.
 * , detailed character analysis.

title: Joseph McElroy


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File:VolleyballWorldChampionship Logo 1994.jpg

1994 Volleyball World Championship Logo


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Talk:Spider (DC Comics)

Thomas Ludlow Dalt
In SSOV #0, he specifically refers to his father and brother, and his desire to become a hero is a response to their decisions to become villains. Lokicarbis 01:40, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spider (DC Comics)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Son Goku(Dragon Ball AF)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 01:17, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Son Goku(Dragon Ball AF)
The article is based upon a hoax as well as having not enough content to be in an article.
 * Delete, trivial, cruft. Megan1967 03:24, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I wouldn't say that this is trivial fancruft. It's just nonsense. If there was any real content then it should go in a Dragon Ball AF article. Jeltz talk  14:05, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * "Goku continues his training with all of the Dragon Balls in his possesion." Oh wow, what an article. Delete. Nestea 20:34, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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File:VolleyballWorldChampionship Logo 2002.jpg

2002 Volleyball World Championship Logo


text: User talk:82.40.74.8

title: User talk:82.40.74.8


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WSBT-TV

WSBT-TV (channel 22) is a television station in South Bend, Indiana, United States, affiliated with CBS and Fox. Owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group, the station maintains studios on East Douglas Avenue in Mishawaka, and its transmitter is located on Ironwood Road in South Bend, near the St. Joseph County 4-H Fairgrounds.

Early years
The station first signed on the air on December 21, 1952, and was owned by the South Bend Tribune. Its studios were originally in the South Bend Tribune building at Lafayette and Colfax, in downtown South Bend. They were moved to Lafayette and Jefferson street in 1956. WSBT-TV was originally affiliated with all four major networks of the time: it was a primary CBS affiliate with secondary affiliations with NBC, ABC and DuMont; it lost the latter three networks when WSJV (channel 28, now a Heroes & Icons affiliate) signed on in March 1954. It was the first UHF station in the United States to produce a live telecast, a five-minute local news bulletin. Although WSBT is the oldest continuously operating UHF station in the country, it switched channels once during the analog era. Originally broadcasting on UHF channel 34, the station moved to channel 22 in 1958.

WSBT was the first station on UHF to telecast a high school basketball tournament, which came from John Adams High School. In 1953, WSBT-TV had several sports-related firsts. In the fall of that year, WSBT became the first television station in the country to present a closed-circuit telecast of a college football practice. This allowed Notre Dame coach Frank Leahy to direct the practice, as he was hospitalized at the time. WSBT-TV was also the first station in Indiana to broadcast in color, starting in 1954 in new studios designed by architect William Pereira.

When the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) tightened its cross-ownership regulations in the 1970s to bar common ownership of television stations and newspapers in the same market, the combination of the Tribune and the WSBT radio and television stations were among the few such combinations that were grandfathered under those rules. WSBT has the distinction of being the longest-tenured CBS affiliate in the state of Indiana.

In April 1995, Fox signed an affiliation agreement with then-ABC affiliate WSJV, with the switch taking effect on October 18 of that year. For about a year prior to the switch, some Fox programming such as the network's NFL game broadcasts and The Simpsons. had been airing on WSBT; the remainder of the network's programming was provided to most of the market on cable via Chicago owned-and-operated station WFLD, Grand Rapids affiliate WXMI, or Fort Wayne affiliate WFFT (depending on the location), while Detroit affiliate WKBD was carried on cable systems in some areas of the Michigan side of the market until WJBK switched to the network in December 1994.

2008–present
The station unveiled its new all-digital facility in Mishawaka on November 16, 2008, beginning with the station's 10 p.m. newscast (which airs on its second digital subchannel). The new facility was built from the ground up for digital broadcasting, and channel 22 became the first Michiana station to broadcast its local newscasts in high definition. The radio stations began broadcasting from the new facility a few weeks earlier. The former WSBT studio building is now home to the area's PBS member station WNIT (channel 34).

On August 4, 2008, WSBT announced plans to purchase Weigel Broadcasting's three stations in the market, ABC affiliate WBND-LP (channel 57), CW affiliate WCWW-LP (channel 25) and MyNetworkTV affiliate WMYS-LP (channel 69). Since the three stations are all low-power outlets, they are not counted under FCC ownership rules which permit common ownership of a full-power television station and one or more low-power stations. Alongside WSBT-DT's existing three channels, the purchase would have given Schurz Communications a total of six channels in the market across four stations, including two "Big Four" network affiliates. However, in the absence of action by the FCC, the deal was called off in August 2009.

Schurz announced on September 14, 2015, that it would exit broadcasting and sell its television and radio stations to Gray Television for $442.5 million. Gray already owned WNDU-TV (channel 16) in South Bend. Despite WSBT-TV's higher ratings, Gray kept WNDU and sold WSBT-TV to expedite approval of the deal; on October 1, 2015, Gray announced that the station would be swapped to Sinclair Broadcast Group for WLUC-TV in Marquette, Michigan. The sale separated channel 22 from both the South Bend Tribune, which Schurz would keep, and the WSBT Radio Group, which was sold to Mid-West Family Broadcasting. The FCC approved the sale on February 12, 2016, and the sale would be completed on February 16. Sinclair's purchase of WSBT also marked a re-entry into Indiana as the company had owned WTTV/WTTK in Indianapolis from 1996 before that station was sold to Tribune Broadcasting in 2002. As a result of the sale, fellow CBS affiliate WWMT to the north in Kalamazoo, Michigan, which serves the Grand Rapids market, became a sister station to WSBT.

On July 25, 2016, Sinclair announced that WSBT-DT2 would affiliate with Fox beginning on August 1, 2016. Quincy Media had reached an agreement to transfer the affiliation from WSJV in exchange for the ABC and CW affiliations in Peoria, Illinois from Sinclair-owned WHOI. A few of WSJV's employees were transferred to WSBT. For a sixty-day period, WSBT-DT2 was simulcast on WSJV-DT1 to allow viewers to transition to the new signal, along with pay television providers. SBT2's broadcasts of South Bend Cubs baseball games also ended for the season; Sinclair intended to begin a new broadcasting relationship with the team for the 2017 season.

News operation
WSBT-TV presently broadcasts $49 1/2$ hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with $8 1/2$ hours each weekday, four hours on Saturdays and three hours on Sundays); in addition to the newscasts seen on WSBT's primary channel, the station broadcasts 16 hours of newscasts a week for its Fox subchannel (with three hours each weekday and a half-hour each on Saturdays and Sundays). The station maintains a news and weather content agreement with their former sister radio stations (now owned by Mid-West Family Broadcasting) WSBT, WNSN, WQLQ and WZOC, with six Michigan Mid-West Family stations (WSJM-FM, WSJM, WIRX, WCXT, WYTZ and WCSY-FM) also adding content sharing services in early 2019. Sinclair also continues to partner with former sister publication the South Bend Tribune, with news stories seen in the Tribune and the station providing the paper's observations for their weather page.

On September 5, 2006, the station began producing a half-hour weeknight 10 p.m. newscast on its second digital subchannel (currently branded as WSBT 22 News at 10 on Fox Michiana), after WSBT-DT2 lost its UPN affiliation. On November 16, 2008, WSBT became the first television station in the South Bend market to being broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition.

On September 8, 2014, WSBT added the area's first-ever 4 p.m. newscast with the half-hour newscast called WSBT 22 News, First at 4:00. On August 15, 2016, it expanded to an hour, replacing a second airing of Jeopardy! in the 4:30 timeslot.

On September 20, 2015, WSBT added a newscast on Sunday mornings from 6:30 to 8 a.m.

In August 2016, with WSBT-DT2 getting the Fox affiliation from WSJV, it added two additional hours of WSBT's morning newscast from 7 to 9 a.m. and expanded its 10 p.m. newscast on weeknights to an hour.

From 2017 to 2023, WSBT produced newscasts for Sinclair sister station WNWO-TV in Toledo, Ohio, and continues to do so for WOLF-TV in Hazleton, Pennsylvania. Both feature(d) a centralized studio and footage from local reporters.

Notable former on-air staff

 * Sage Steele – reporter (1995–1997; later at ESPN)
 * Kate Sullivan – reporter (recently left WBBM-TV in Chicago)
 * Jackie Walorski – reporter (1985–1989; later represented Indiana's 2nd Congressional District from 2013 until her death on August 3, 2022)

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed: {{legend|#DFEBF6|Broadcast on behalf of another station}}

In 2003, WSBT launched a UPN-affiliated digital subchannel (branded as "UPN Michiana") on digital channel 22.2. WSBT-DT2 became an independent station in September 2006, when UPN shut down and its programming was merged with that of The WB to form The CW. At that point, UPN Michiana was rebranded as SBT2. On August 1, 2016, SBT2 became Fox Michiana. The weather radar channel was discontinued at that time.

Analog-to-digital conversion
WSBT-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 22, on February 17, 2009, the original target date on which full-power television stations in the United States were to transition from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate (which was later pushed back to June 12, 2009). The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 30 to channel 22 for post-transition operations.

title: WSBT-TV


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Holmes Chapel

Holmes Chapel is a village and civil parish in Cheshire, England, 8 mi north of Crewe and 21 mi south of Manchester; Swettenham Meadows Nature Reserve lies 2.5 mi east of the village and Goostrey lies to the north.

The population of the village was 6,700 at the 2021 census; it has since grown, due to a number of large housing developments.

History
Cotton Hall, where John Cotton was resident in 1400, remained the family seat until the 18th century when Daniel Cotton married into the Booths of Twemlow; a cadet branch of the family were created baronets and then Viscounts Combermere. Cotton Hall dates from at least the 15th century, with some additions in the 17th, 19th and 20th centuries. A farm and estate, just off Middlewich Road, Cotton Hall is now listed Grade II* under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, as amended, for its special architectural or historic interest.

Amenities
The village has a number of public houses. There is a major supermarket (Aldi), several smaller supermarkets, a precinct, and numerous outlets including a fish and chip shop, off licence, pizzeria, estate agent, a chemist, a library and a bakery. There is a GP practice on London Road.

The town has one secondary school, Holmes Chapel Comprehensive School, and two primary schools: Holmes Chapel Primary School and Hermitage Primary School.

Geography
Holmes Chapel, set within the Cheshire Plain, lies on the mid-reaches of the River Dane as it meanders its way around the north end of the village. The village is within the Unitary Authority district of Cheshire East, and used to be administered by Congleton borough.

Holmes Chapel has been twinned with Bessancourt, France, since 1980.

Points of interest
St Luke's Church was built in about 1430. Originally half-timbered, the brick walls encasing the nave and chancel are later additions. It was designated a Grade I listed building on 14 February 1967.

Transport
Holmes Chapel railway station is sited on the Crewe-Manchester Line, which is a spur of the West Coast Main Line. Northern operates hourly stopping services between Manchester Piccadilly and Crewe, making the village convenient for commuters.

The village is served by two bus routes; both are operated by D&G Bus:
 * 42: Crewe to Congleton (Monday to Saturday)
 * 319: Sandbach to Goostrey (Monday and Thursday).

Junction 18 of the M6 motorway serves both Holmes Chapel and nearby Middlewich.

Music

 * Harry Styles (born 1994), singer and member of boy band One Direction. From Jun 2024 Holmes Chapel Partnership are beginning to run guided walking tours of the village, lasting about 2.5 to 3 hours and including popular locations related to Styles, such as Mandeville's Bakery and Twemlow Viaduct.

Politics

 * Major Philip Glazebrook (1880–1918), Conservative MP for Manchester South until he was killed in the First World War

Sports

 * Dean Ashton (born 1983), footballer
 * Ryan Brooke (born 1990), footballer
 * Sir Henry Cotton MBE (1907–1987), golfer
 * Seth Johnson (born 1979), footballer
 * Tom Lowery (born 1997), footballer
 * Andy Porter (born 1968), football manager and footballer
 * Shirley Strong (born 1958), Olympic athlete

title: Holmes Chapel


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Petten

Petten is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Schagen, and lies about 15 km northwest of Alkmaar, on the North Sea. The population is ca. 1900.

Petten's economy is based on agriculture (bulb cultivation), and tourism. A particular type sand can be found on the beach of Petten, of sanded quartz with granite. Since 1997 a plan has been developed for a marina with 600 places; called Marina Petten.

Somewhat to the south of Petten, the dunes have been eroded, as a result of which a dike had to be built, the Hondsbossche zeewering and Pettemer zeewering.

History
Petten could have been founded in 739. The name refers to the three wells (Dutch: putten) which are located there. There was already a mention of a sand dike in 1388 between Petten and 't Oghe (Callantsoog). In the St. Elizabeth's flood (1421), Petten was entirely washed away, and the dunes were damaged. A sleeper dike was built behind the dunes in 1432 and from 1506 active coastal defense took place, with pile heads of beams from Norway and Sweden and stone from Vilvoorde, Belgium. Even so, more than 100 houses were washed away in 1625, plus the church of Petten. The construction of the Hondsbossche zeewering began in 1793.

Petten belonged to the nobility of Petten en Nolmerban, and then became a municipality. In 1929, the municipality of Petten was incorporated into the municipality of Zijpe. Last one merged with Harenkarspel and Schagen into the new municipality of Schagen in 2013. During the Second World War, the entire town of Petten was broken up in 1943 by order of the German Wehrmacht because of the construction of the Atlantic Wall. The church of Petten was demolished in 1944. After the war, a whole new town was built from 1946, designed by the architects Van de Ban and De Vassy. In 1955, the foundation "Reactor Centrum Nederland" (RCN) was set up, that went on to build a research-reactor (Petten nuclear reactor) that currently supplies 60% of European demand for medical radioisotopes. Since 1976, the foundation is called the Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN).

In December 1962 (according to some accounts 1963), the Fluxus artist Wim T. Schippers emptied a bottle of Green Spot lemonade in the sea at Petten ("Manifestatie Aan Het Strand Te Petten").

On 11 December 2004, an approximately three-year-old basking shark, Cetorhinus maximus, was beached on the coast near Petten. The animal was 3.65 m long and weighed 250 kg. The corpse was put on ice and was exhibited in the aquarium of Fort Kijkduin at Den Helder. Attempts are being made to place the basking shark in its entirety in a formalin solution.

title: Petten


text:
Talk:MAX Red Line

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Possible station closures
--- Another Believer ( Talk ) 02:31, 1 March 2019 (UTC)
 * https://www.oregonlive.com/commuting/2018/09/post_7.html

Gateway North station
I've redirected Gateway North station to this article for now, per this source. --- Another Believer ( Talk ) 13:49, 2 October 2021 (UTC)

I-205 LRT sources
truflip99 (talk) 20:11, 5 May 2022 (UTC)
 * https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1064&context=oscdl_jpact

title: Talk:MAX Red Line