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Charles Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire

Charles Robert Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire, (16 May 1843 – 13 June 1928), known as the Lord Carrington from 1868 to 1895, and as the Earl Carrington from 1895 to 1912, was a British Liberal politician and aristocrat. He was Governor of New South Wales from 1885 to 1890.

Background
Charles Robert Carrington was born at Whitehall on 16 May 1843, the son of Robert Carrington, 2nd Baron Carrington, and his second wife Charlotte, the younger daughter of Peter Drummond-Burrell, 22nd Baron Willoughby de Eresby. The Hon. Sir William Carington and Rupert Carington, 4th Baron Carrington, were his younger brothers, while Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington, was his grand-nephew. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was a lifelong friend of King Edward VII, having first met him in 1854, and became his Aide-de-camp when he was the Prince of Wales.

On his mother's death in 1879 he became joint hereditary Lord Great Chamberlain of England. Born Charles Carrington, he and his two brothers assumed by royal licence the surname of Carington in 1880. In 1896 he assumed by royal licence the surname of Wynn-Carington.

Political career
Carrington sat in the House of Commons as a Liberal for High Wycombe from 1865 until he succeeded his father to the baronies in 1868. He served under William Ewart Gladstone as Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms from 1881 to 1885, and was sworn of the Privy Council in 1881.

Wynn-Carrington was in India 1875–1876, appointed Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms during 1881–1885, and was appointed to be the Governor of New South Wales in 1885 until 1890 and was appointed to the Order of St Michael and St George as a Knight Grand Cross in June 1885. He again held office under Gladstone and later Lord Rosebery as Lord Chamberlain of the Household from 1892 to 1895. The latter year he was created Viscount Wendover, of Chepping Wycombe, in the County of Buckingham, and Earl Carrington.

In early 1901 he was appointed by King Edward VII to lead a special diplomatic mission to announce the King's accession to the governments of France, Spain, and Portugal. He also bore St Edward's Staff at the coronation of King Edward VII.

After the Liberals returned to power in 1905 he served as President of the Board of Agriculture between 1905 and 1911 and as Lord Privy Seal between 1911 and 1912, with a seat in the cabinet in Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman and H. H. Asquith's ministries. He was made a Knight Companion of the Garter in 1906 and in 1912 he was further honoured when he was made Marquess of Lincolnshire.

A noted land reformer, Carrington was a supporter of Lloyd George's redistributive "People's Budget", which he regarded as "bold, Liberal and humane".

Freemasonry
He was initiated into Isaac Newton University Lodge No. 859, Cambridge, on 28 October 1861 at the age of 18, passed in Cairo some eight years later, and raised in Royal York Lodge of Perseverance No. 7 on 6 October 1875. On 3 January 1882 he became a member of Royal Alpha Lodge No. 16. Even though he was not a past Master of a Lodge, he was appointed Senior Grand Warden of the United Grand Lodge of England in 1882.

When he became Governor of New South Wales, he found a rivalry of lodges working under the United Grand Lodge of England and the Grand Lodge of Scotland as well as lodges working under the locally formed (1877) Grand Lodge of New South Wales. Trying to unite the lodges, he became firstly District Grand Master of New South Wales, and then the first Grand Master of the newly consecrated United Grand Lodge of New South Wales. However, as he had still not yet been installed as a Worshipful Master, he was first made Worshipful Master at sight of the Lodge Ionic No. 15. Nine senior Masons were present, including Samuel Way. In 1890 he was appointed Provincial Grand Master of Buckinghamshire and after serving five years, he was made Grand Representative in England of the United Grand Lodge of New South Wales.

Family
Carrington married the Hon. Cecilia Margaret Harbord (1856–1934), daughter of Charles Harbord, 5th Baron Suffield, and Cecilia Annetta Baring, in 1878. They had one son and five daughters. Their only son, Albert Edward Charles Robert Wynn-Carington, Viscount Wendover (1895–1915), died on 19 May 1915 of complications following the amputation of an arm when he was wounded in the fighting at Ypres during World War I.

In addition to family life, Lord Carrington was logged by the police for homosexual activity: his name appears in one of the notebooks of the high-profile Scotland Yard detective Donald Swanson.

Having earlier sold his ancestral home, Wycombe Abbey (which became a private girls' boarding-school), Lincolnshire died at his home, Daws Hill House, High Wycombe, on 13 June 1928. The baronies (but not his other titles) passed to his younger brother, Rupert. The marquessate, earldom and viscountcy became extinct. Cecilia, Marchioness of Lincolnshire, died in 1934, aged 78.

Other descendants
Among notable descendants are Stephen Wilson, 6th Baron Nunburnholme, Patrick Chichester, 8th Marquess of Donegall, and Rufus Keppel, 10th Earl of Albemarle.

Cousins Tiggy and Eleanor Legge-Bourke are his descendants through his fifth daughter; they are both granddaughters of politician Sir Harry Legge-Bourke, only son of Lt. Nigel Legge-Bourke.


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Columbia Sportswear

The Columbia Sportswear Company is an American company that manufactures and distributes outerwear, sportswear, and footwear, as well as headgear, camping equipment, ski apparel, and outerwear accessories.

It was founded in 1938 by Paul Lamfrom, the father of Gert Boyle. The company is headquartered in Cedar Mill, an unincorporated area in Washington County, Oregon, in the Portland metropolitan area near Beaverton.

Columbia's rapid sales growth was fueled by its jackets, which featured breathable waterproof fabric and interchangeable shells and liners.

History
Columbia Sportswear began as a family-owned hat distributor. Former chairwoman Gert Boyle's parents, Paul and Marie Lamfrom, fled Nazi Germany in 1937 and immediately purchased a Portland hat distributorship. The company became the Columbia Hat Company, named for the nearby Columbia River. In 1948, Gert married Neal Boyle, who became the head of the company. Frustrations over suppliers influenced the family to start manufacturing their own products, and Columbia Hat Company became Columbia Sportswear Company in 1960.

In 1970, Neal Boyle died following a heart attack. Gert and son Tim Boyle, then a University of Oregon senior, took over the operations of Columbia, rescuing it from bankruptcy. Gert Boyle served as company president from 1970 until 1988 and additionally became chairman of its board of directors in 1983. She remained chairman until her death in 2019. Tim Boyle succeeded his mother as Columbia's president and CEO in 1988 and continues to hold the position in 2019.

Columbia became a publicly traded company in 1998. It acquired footwear maker Sorel in 2000 and Mountain Hardwear in 2003. In 2006, Columbia acquired the Pacific Trail and Montrail brands, and in 2014 they acquired Prana.

In 2001, the company moved its headquarters from Portland to a site in an unincorporated part of Washington County, in the Cedar Mill area and just outside the Beaverton city limits. The site on NW Science Park Drive has a Portland mailing address, but is not in Portland. In 2007, City of Portland officials attempted to convince Columbia Sportswear to move back to Portland, but the company ultimately rejected the idea due to the increased corporate tax burden such a move would entail and decided to expand its existing headquarters instead.

In 2001, it was the largest American retailer of ski apparel based on gross revenue.

On June 15, 2008, Columbia Sportswear announced a three-year sponsorship of the cycling team formerly known as Team High Road and before that T-Mobile and Team Telekom. The sponsorship began on July 5, 2008, with the start of the Tour de France. The team's name was "Team Columbia". The sponsorship included both the men's and women's teams, and ended at the end of 2010.

On August 4, 2010, Columbia Sportswear Company signed an agreement to acquire OutDry Technologies S.r.l., which owns the intellectual property and other assets comprising the OutDry brand and related business, via a cash purchase from Nextec S.r.l., based near Milan, Italy. The transaction was expected to close during the third quarter of 2010, subject to customary closing conditions, and is not expected to have a material effect on the company's 2010 operating results.

In March 2015, Bryan Timm was named president of the company, taking over that position from Tim Boyle, who remained CEO. In May 2017 it was announced Timm would step down and the duties of president would revert to Tim Boyle.

On November 3, 2019, chairwoman Gert Boyle died at the age of 95. Tim Boyle was named as Acting Chairman of the company's board of directors.

In October 2020, the company announced that alpaca wool would no longer be a part of their collections, including their other brands Prana, Mountain Hardwear and Sorel.

In November 2023, Columbia Sportswear Company announced that Cory Long was appointed as President of its brand Sorel.

In February 2024, the Odysseus lunar lander used the Omni-Heat thermal reflective insulation technology produced by Columbia Sportswear.

Locations
Columbia Sportswear distributes its products in more than 72 countries and 13,000 retailers. Columbia also operates its own chain of retail stores, including its flagship store located in downtown Portland, Oregon.

Financial information
As of November 17, 2022, the company's market capitalization is about $5.03 billion, with 2021 net revenue of $3.13 billion.

As of 2018, 40% of Columbia's business came from abroad.

In October 2023, Columbia Sportswear reported 3% of revenue growth as sales reached $985.7 million.

Stock exchanges
Columbia Sportswear Company is publicly traded on NASDAQ with ticker symbol COLM.

Trade and tariffs
The clothing business in the US is still largely subject to what remains of the Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act, passed in 1930. Since 2001, Columbia has paired its designers with teams of trade experts in a process the company calls "tariff engineering" in order to reach lower tariffs, taxes, or duties. For example, Columbia applies a very thin layer of fabric to the soles of its shoes since tariffs on fabric soles are lower than those on rubber soles; the fabric wears away within days. For similar reasons, jackets are waterproofed and filled with at least 10% down.

Vietnam is Columbia's largest supplier, and 25% of the company's footwear originates in China.

Columbia has operated in China since 2014 as Columbia Sportswear Commercial (Shanghai) Company as a joint venture with Swire Pacific Limited, reaching a total of 86 Chinese retail stores by 2017. In 2018, Columbia announced it would buy out Swire's remaining 40% stake by 2019.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Columbia Sportswear


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Dreyer (crater)

Dreyer is the remnant of a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It is located along the eastern edge of the Mare Marginis, about midway between the craters Ginzel to the north and Erro to the south-southeast. It was named after Danish-Irish astronomer John L. E. Dreyer. The rim of this crater is heavily worn, with multiple impacts overlaying the edge and a small gap at the south end. The satellite crater Dreyer C lies across the northeastern rim, while Dreyer K intrudes into the southeastern side. The interior floor is relatively level and featureless, with a few tiny craterlets marking the surface. There is a low central ridge at the midpoint.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Dreyer.

Related articles

 * - showing the crater with the name not being mentioned but with a question mark

title: Dreyer (crater)


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University of California, Riverside Botanic Gardens

The University of California, Riverside, Botanic Gardens are 40 acres (16.2 ha) of botanical gardens containing more than 3,500 plant species from around the world. The Gardens are located in the eastern foothills of the Box Springs Mountain on the University of California, Riverside campus in Riverside, California, US. Over four miles (6 km) of trails wind through many microclimates and hilly terrain.

Composition
The UCR Botanic Gardens are actually composed of two parts: the overall UCR campus and the 40 acre botanical gardens. The landscaped area around the buildings on campus demonstrates a wide variety of plants adapted to the arid inland area of Southern California. The Gardens were established primarily for teaching purposes and serve to provide plant materials for courses such as anthropology, art, biology, ecology, entomology, morphology, ornamental horticulture, plant pathology, photography, and taxonomy. The Gardens also provide plant materials for research and for exhibiting species from all parts of the world.

A support organization, Friends of the UCR Botanic Gardens, was established in 1980. A popular bi-annual Botanic Gardens Plant Sale provides greater visibility and community support for the gardens.

Collections organized by species

 * Alder Canyon – California native riparian trees, including azaleas, camellias, hydrangeas and ferns
 * Rose Gardens – Over 300 selections – species roses, heritage varieties, miniatures, floribundas, grandifloras and Hybrid Teas
 * Herb Garden – Aromatic, culinary, dye and medicinal herbs
 * Cactus Garden – Hundreds of cacti, ocotillos, agaves, yuccas, etc.
 * Iris Garden – More than 150 named bearded iris cultivars
 * Lilac Lane – True lilacs
 * Subtropical Fruit Orchard – Citrus, guavas, sapotes, avocados, macadamia nuts and other subtropical fruit trees

Collections organized by geographical origin

 * South African Garden – Aloes, ice plants, naked ladies, and South African wildflowers
 * Southwest Deserts Section – Extensive collection of Southwest U.S. desert plants with emphasis on those native to the Mojave and Colorado Deserts
 * Sierra Foothills Section – Chaparral and Foothill Pine Woodland plants such as foothill pine, mountain mahogany, California buckeye, fremontia, sumacs and yuccas
 * Boysie Day Baja California Garden – Boojum tree, palo adán, elephant tree, lomboy, and slipper plant
 * Australian Section – Eucalyptus, bottlebrushes, melaleucas, grevilleas, acacias, etc.
 * Temperate Deciduous Forest – A selection of trees and shrubs from temperate China and the Eastern U.S. including paper mulberry, dawn redwood, golden rain tree, sweetgum (Liquidambar), and maples.
 * The pond – A resemblance of the Florida Everglades. Extensive collection of animals, such as red-eared sliders to koi.

Wild animals
The gardens are home to 195 bird species, ranging from kites, mallards, falcons and kestrels to quail, plovers, swallows, starlings and woodpeckers. Mammalian residents include California ground squirrels, Audubon cottontails, kangaroo rats, gophers, coyotes, gray foxes, opossums, pack rats, skunks and bobcats. Reptiles, including turtles, lizards of many kinds, and snakes, ranging from gopher snakes to the venomous rattlers, also populate the gardens. Amphibian residents include bullfrogs, western toads, salamanders and Pacific Tree Frog. Fishes include koi and carp.


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Dufay (crater)

Dufay is a lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon. It lies about one crater diameter to the east of the large walled plain Mandel'shtam. To the northwest is the crater Papaleksi and to the east is Valier.

The rim of this crater is heavily worn by impacts, and several small craterlets lie along the southern edge. The inner wall is somewhat wider on the western side when compared to the east and southeast. The interior floor is relatively level and featureless.

Albedo Anomaly
To the northeast of Dufay is a bright albedo anomaly that does not correlate with any topographic features. The lunar surface at the anomaly is not atypical under low sun angles. The albedo anomaly is associated with an enhancement in Thorium.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Dufay.

title: Dufay (crater)


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Pepsi & Shirlie

Pepsi & Shirlie were an English pop duo group formed in London in 1985, which released two albums, All Right Now in 1987 and Change in 1991. Their debut single "Heartache" reached number 2 in the UK Singles Chart.

Career
The act comprised Helen "Pepsi" DeMacque (born 10 December 1958, Paddington, London) and Shirlie Holliman (born 18 April 1962, Watford, Hertfordshire), who had been Wham! backing vocalists. Holliman's original singing partner, Dee C. Lee, had earlier left the group to join the Style Council and later married its lead vocalist Paul Weller.

Although DeMacque had ambitions to be a solo performer after Wham!, Holliman convinced her that it would be best to proceed as a duo. In 1987, they released their debut single "Heartache", which was produced by Phil Fearon and Tambi Fernando and reached number 2 in the UK Singles Chart. "Heartache" also peaked at number two on the American dance charts. Although featuring a credit for super producers Stock Aitken Waterman on many pressings of the single, "Heartache" was never worked on by the trio – with all additional production work and remixing done by Pete Hammond on behalf of Pete Waterman.

The follow-up single, "Goodbye Stranger", produced by Fernando and Hammond, reached number 9. Subsequent singles and their debut album All Right Now, released later in the year, were commercially unsuccessful. During this era, the act's tours included a concert performed in Amman, Jordan.

In 1991, they returned with the album Change and its lead single "Someday", a song produced by George Michael. Holliman recalled Michael writing the song from scratch during the recording session, after accepting her request to help out with their comeback. Both the album and the single went unnoticed, not even charting in the UK.

DeMacque worked with Michael again in 1995, when the two pseudonymously released a cover of the Dead or Alive classic "You Spin Me Round" under the name Infamy.

Pepsi & Shirlie returned in 2000 to record their backing vocals on Geri Halliwell's UK number one hit "Bag It Up". The duo also re-united for the "Here & Now 10th Anniversary tour" starting on 24 June 2011.

Their memoir It's All in Black and White was published by Welbeck in September 2021.

title: Pepsi & Shirlie


text: User talk:213.40.67.66

title: User talk:213.40.67.66


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CARDboard Illustrative Aid to Computation

CARDIAC (CARDboard Illustrative Aid to Computation) is a learning aid developed by David Hagelbarger and Saul Fingerman for Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1968 to teach high school students how computers work. The kit consists of an instruction manual and a die-cut cardboard "computer".

The computer "operates" by means of pencil and sliding cards. Any arithmetic is done in the head of the person operating the computer. The computer operates in base 10 and has 100 memory cells which can hold signed numbers from 0 to ±999. It has an instruction set of 10 instructions which allows CARDIAC to add, subtract, test, shift, input, output and jump.

Hardware
The “CPU” of the computer consists of 4 slides that move various numbers and arrows to have the flow of the real CPU (the user's brain) move the right way. They have one flag (+/-), affected by the result in the accumulator.

Memory consists of the other half of the cardboard cutout. There are 100 cells. Cell 0 is “ROM”, always containing a numeric "1"; cells 1 to 98 are “RAM”; available for instructions and data; and cell 99 can best be described as “EEPROM”.

Memory cells hold signed decimal numbers from 0 to ±999 and are written with a pencil. Cells are erased with an eraser. A “bug” is provided to act as a program counter, and is placed in a hole beside the current memory cell.

Programming
CARDIAC has a 10 instruction machine language. An instruction is three decimal digits (the sign is ignored) in the form. The first digit is the op code ; the second and third digits are an address. Addressing is one of accumulator to memory absolute, absolute memory to accumulator, input to absolute memory and absolute memory to output.

High level languages have never been developed for CARDIAC as they would defeat one of the purposes of the device: to introduce concepts of assembly language programming.

Programs are hand assembled and then are penciled into the appropriate memory cells.

Operation
Programs are run by first sliding three slides so that the number in the instruction register equals the number in the memory cell the bug is sitting in. Once that is done the bug is moved to the next memory cell. The user then follows an arrow which will then tell them what to do next. This continues for all of program execution.


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User:PinkDeoxys

Meep!

 * Userboxes
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Pages and Categories I'm Working on

 * Any Billy and Mandy article
 * Long term abuse (I track the more persistent vandals and find sockpuppets of vandals already listed)
 * Super Smash Bros. articles
 * WP:PCP

title: User:PinkDeoxys


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Talk:Agentes in rebus

Untitled
It does not make sense to have the article "Agentes in rebus". it should be "Rebus, agentes in" It should be changed back.

 * Well, I don't understand. There are many Google hits for agentes in rebus; it is perfectly good Latin, and I would need convincing that the other order had something going for it. Charles Matthews 18:29, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I suppose either is valid and you make a fair point. Upon further reflection and study, both terms seem to be used equally throughout my reference texts and original texts, so it was unfair of me to say "it should be changed back." I apologize for such strong words on part. Also, there are ever so slightly more Google hits for Rebus, agentes in than Agentes in rebus if that means anything. However, I would still argue Rebus, agentes in is organizationally better as it makes more sense to place the article in the encyclopedia starting with the letter "R." This is because "Agentes in rebus" is a bit like saying "agents of the FBI," or "agents of the post" literally. Saying "Rebus, agentes in" is like saying "FBI, agents of" thus bring the empahasis to FBI not agents because it is the first word. Organizationaly it makes more sense to place it under the letter "R" instead of the letter "A". If there is a disinclination to use commas in article titles then so be it. Hopefully you understand my rationale and will come to a good decision as you are more familiar with the polices of the Wikipedia than I. let me know. Argonaut

 * Could you cite your reference for rebus', agentes in? Agentes in rebus just means 'agents of affairs', or similar. The inversion may exist, but I don't really follow your reasoning. Charles Matthews 09:14, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I spoke with a latin expert and he said I was wrong. So let's leave the entry the way it is. Thanks for catching my original mistake. Argonaut 17:01, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Comparison to frumentarii
The article claims that agentes were longer in use than frumentarii, thus showing their (increased) efficiency. Given that the agentes were founded in 319, this makes little sense, even if we acknowledge that they were used in post-Roman states, -- Zz 22:25, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Agentes in rebus


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Toroidh

Toroidh was a martial music project by Swedish musician Henrik Nordvargr Björkk (of industrial band Maschinenzimmer 412 fame). Bjorkk has described it as a continuation of Folkstorm, his previous project. In 2015 the project continued.

Releases

 * For The Fallen Ones (Eternal Soul Records, 7")
 * Europe Is Dead (Cold Spring, 2001, CD)
 * Those Who Do Not Remember The Past Are Condemned To Repeat It (205 Recordings, 2001, CD & LP)
 * Enter Nordvargr, one track on compilation (Old Europa Cafe, 2002, 2xCD)
 * Start Over (Neuropa Records, 2003, 2x7")
 * Testament (205 Recordings, 2003, CD)
 * Chamber, one track on compilation (Cold Spring, 2003, CD)
 * United in Blood (together with Arditi) (Neuropa Records, 2004, CD)
 * A Final Testimony, one track on compilation (Seküencias De Culto, 2004, 2xCD)
 * Offensiv! (Eternal Soul Records, 2004, CD)
 * European Trilogy (War Office Propaganda, 2006, 3-CD boxset)
 * The Final Testament (Eternal Pride Productions, 2006, CD)
 * Segervittring (Neuropa Records, 2007, CD)

title: Toroidh


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Dunér (crater)

Dunér is an old lunar impact crater that is located in the northern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon. It lies to the southeast of the crater Chernyshev, and west-southwest of the Perkin–Debye crater pair.

This crater has been heavily battered by multiple small impacts, leaving a barely surviving outer rim that forms little more than a circular rise in the surface. The interior is in similar condition, and small craters cover many parts of the crater. The most notable impacts consist of a chain of overlapping small craters that run from near the midpoint and cross the southeastern rim. This chain is greater in length than the diameter of Dunér.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Dunér.

title: Dunér (crater)


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Ulick de Burgh, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde

Ulick John de Burgh, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde (20 December 1802 – 10 April 1874), styled Lord Dunkellin  until 1808 and the Earl of Clanricarde from 1808 until 1825, was a British Whig politician who served as British Ambassador to Russia (1838–40), Postmaster General (1846–52) and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (1858).

Background and education
Born at Belmont, Hampshire, Clanricarde was the son of General John de Burgh, 13th Earl of Clanricarde, and Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Burke, 1st Baronet. Henry de Burgh, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde, was his uncle. He succeeded in the earldom in July 1808 at the age of five, on the death of his father. He was educated at Eton College. Burgh was a member of the Anglican Church, like his father, although his mother was a Catholic.

Burgh was an active Freemason as a young man. While studying as an undergraduate at Christ Church, Oxford he was initiated into the Apollo University Lodge No. 711 (later No. 357) of the United Grand Lodge of England on 15 November 1820.

Political and diplomatic career
In 1825, at the age of 24, Clanricarde was created Marquess of Clanricarde in the Peerage of Ireland, a revival of the title which had become extinct on his uncle's death in 1797. The following year he was made Baron Somerhill, of Somerhill in the County of Kent, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, which entitled him to a seat in the House of Lords. In January 1826 the Earl of Liverpool appointed him as Joint Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (alongside Lord Howard de Walden), a post he held until August of the same year. He was sworn of the Privy Council in December 1830.

Between 1838 and 1840, Lord Clanricarde served as British Ambassador to Russia. In 1846, he was appointed Postmaster General, with a seat in the cabinet, by Lord John Russell, an office he retained until the government fell in 1852. He held his last ministerial post when he was briefly Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal under Lord Palmerston for a few weeks in February 1858. Apart from his political career, he was also Lord-Lieutenant of County Galway between 1831 and 1874, Colonel of the Galway Militia from 1831 and Vice-Admiral of Connaught from 1841 until 1847. In 1831, he was made a Knight of the Order of St Patrick.

Great Hunger
Burgh was a substantial landowner in County Galway, with his Norman-descended family holding their seat at Portumna. During the years of the Great Hunger in Ireland, his record was mixed. A supporter of the British Whigs and a sitting member of the Russell Ministry, his principal aim was upholding the interests of the Anglo-Irish landowning class.

Although he did not initiate mass clearances of destitute tenants from the estates, as Palmerston and Lansdowne were notoriously known for, there were more small-scale displacements over a longer period of time. de Burgh was the Crown's Lord Lieutenant of Galway during the Famine and did not condemn the large-scale evictions by his fellow Galway landowners, John Gerrard (and his wife Marcella Netterville) at Ballinlass, Christopher St George at Connemara and Patrick Blake at Tully.

On the other hand, de Burgh highlighted in his correspondence with Russell and the Whig administration in Ireland the plight of starving tenants. He advocated a paternalistic state intervention, rather than a purely laissez-faire approach. He suggested state-sponsored public works and land drainage and sought to have corn depots set up in Loughrea and Portumna to distribute food. He donated some monies to local relief committees. de Burgh also financially assisted the emigration of poor tenants; this issue is controversial due to the fact that it still meant the displacement of the native population from the land, but supporters argue that it would have at least saved more lives (Charles Trevelyan opposed such programmes). de Burgh did not initiate any private work schemes on the estates under his control for tenants, like some neighbouring landlords, nor did he improve agriculture on the estates.

Family
Lord Clanricarde married Harriet Canning (13 April 1804 – 8 January 1876), daughter of Prime Minister George Canning, on 4 April 1825 at Gloucester Lodge in Brompton. The couple had seven children:
 * Lady Elizabeth Joanna de Burgh (22 February 1826 – 26 February 1854); married Henry Lascelles, 4th Earl of Harewood
 * Ulick Canning de Burgh, Lord Dunkellin (12 July 1827 – 16 August 1867)
 * Lady Emily Charlotte de Burgh (19 October 1828 – 10 October 1912); married Richard Boyle, 9th Earl of Cork
 * Lady Catherine de Burgh (c. 1830 – 8 April 1895); married John Weyland, and together they had a son.
 * Lady Margaret Anne de Burgh (c. 1831 – 31 March 1888); married Wentworth Beaumont, 1st Baron Allendale
 * Hubert George de Burgh-Canning, 2nd Marquess of Clanricarde (30 November 1832 – 12 April 1916)
 * Lady Harriet Augusta de Burgh (c. 1834 – 18 January 1901); married Thomas Frederick Charles Vernon-Wentworth, maternal grandson Charles Brudenell-Bruce, 1st Marquess of Ailesbury. They had a son and a daughter.

Lord Clanricarde died at Stratton Street, Piccadilly, London, in April 1874, aged 71, and was succeeded in the marquessate by his second but only surviving son, Hubert. The Marchioness of Clanricarde died in January 1876, aged 71.


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Ann Thwaite

Ann Thwaite (born 4 October 1932) is a British writer who is the author of five major biographies. AA Milne: His Life was the Whitbread Biography of the Year, 1990. Edmund Gosse: A Literary Landscape (Duff Cooper Prize, 1985) was described by John Carey as "magnificent - one of the finest literary biographies of our time". Glimpses of the Wonderful about the life of Edmund Gosse's father, Philip Henry Gosse, was picked out by D. J. Taylor in The Independent as one of the "Ten Best Biographies" ever. Her biography of Frances Hodgson Burnett was originally published as Waiting for the Party (1974) and reissued in 2020 with the title Beyond the Secret Garden, with a foreword by Jacqueline Wilson. Emily Tennyson, The Poet's Wife (1996) was reissued by Faber Finds for the Tennyson bicentenary in 2009.

Biography
Born in London, Ann Thwaite spent the war years in New Zealand, returning to complete her education at Queen Elizabeth's School For Girls, Barnet, and St Hilda's College, Oxford. She has lived in Tokyo, Benghazi, and Nashville, Tennessee. She has lectured in many countries, but most of her life has been spent as a writer; she eventually settled in Norfolk with her husband, poet Anthony Thwaite (1930–2021). She is an Oxford D.Litt, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. She is an Honorary Fellow of the University of Roehampton (National Centre for Research into Children's Literature) and has an honorary doctorate from the University of East Anglia.

For forty years, Ann Thwaite wrote children's books, including The Camelthorn Papers (1969), translated into Japanese and Greek, Tracks, a New Zealand story, and a picture book, Gilbert and the Birthday Cake. Jan Mark included her story "Feeding the Cats" in the Oxford Book of Children's Stories (1993). She reviewed children's books for many years, mainly in The Times Literary Supplement, and ran a library for local children in her home.

The Brilliant Career of Winnie-the Pooh, a scrapbook offshoot of her Milne biography, was published on both sides of the Atlantic in 1992. She edited (1968–75) Allsorts, an annual collection that included new work for children by such writers as Michael Frayn, James Fenton, Penelope Lively and William Trevor. My Oxford (1977) contained memories of their time there by writers including John Mortimer, Antonia Fraser, and Martin Amis. Her edition of Portraits from Life is a collection (1991) of Edmund Gosse's essays on his friends, including Henry James, Robert Louis Stevenson, and Thomas Hardy.

In 2009, Ann Thwaite published Passageways: The Story of a New Zealand Family, which was much praised on both sides of the world. All eight of her great-grandparents emigrated to New Zealand in the middle of the nineteenth century, and it was the realisation that she knew so much more about the families of her biographical subjects that made her look into her own family history.

In 2017, a new edition was published of her 1990 biography of A. A. Milne to coincide with the film Goodbye Christopher Robin for which she was a consultant. It appeared with the subtitle A.A. Milne and the Making of Winnie-the-Pooh and had an introduction by Frank Cottrell-Boyce, the screenwriter. In 2018, Goodbye Christopher Robin was translated into Japanese.

In 1990, Christopher Milne wrote to her: "In you my father has found the perfect biographer... I am left with nothing but admiration and happiness."

Works

 * A Piece of Parkin: A True Story from the Autobiography of Frances Hodgson Burnett (1980)
 * Edmund Gosse: A Literary Landscape, 1849-1928 (1984)
 * A. A. Milne: His Life (1990)
 * Waiting for the Party: The Life of Frances Hodgson Burnett, 1849-1924 (1991)
 * The Ashton Affair (1995) (children's book)
 * Emily Tennyson: The Poet's Wife (1996)
 * Glimpses of the Wonderful: The Life of Philip Henry Gosse 1810-1888 (2002)
 * Passageways: The Story of a New Zealand Family (2009)

title: Ann Thwaite


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title: User talk:82.43.129.196


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Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos

Richard Plantagenet Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, (11 February 1797 – 29 July 1861), styled Viscount Cobham from birth until 1813, Earl Temple between 1813 and 1822 and Marquess of Chandos between 1822 and 1839, was a British Tory politician. He served as Lord Privy Seal between 1841 and 1842.

Two events in his life were remarkable, given the era he lived in and the position he held in society as a duke: firstly, he obtained a divorce at a time when it required an Act of Parliament; secondly, despite the great wealth to which he was born, he declared bankruptcy with debts of over a million pounds in 1847.

Background and education
Born at Stowe, Buckinghamshire, the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos was the son of the Richard Nugent-Temple-Grenville, Earl Temple (later created the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos) and Lady Anne Brydges, the only surviving child of the 3rd Duke of Chandos. In addition to being the Duchess of Buckingham and Chandos, Lady Anne was suo jure Lady Kinloss. In 1799, Richard Temple-Nugent-Grenville changed the already triple-barrelled family name to Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville by royal licence to reflect his wife's family.

The second Duke was a paternal grandson of the 1st Marquess of Buckingham and a great-grandson of Prime Minister George Grenville. He was educated at Eton and Oriel College, Oxford.

Political career
Buckingham sat as Member of Parliament for Buckinghamshire between 1818 and 1839, when he succeeded his father in the dukedom and entered the House of Lords. Two years later, in September 1841, he was sworn of the Privy Council and appointed Lord Privy Seal by Sir Robert Peel, a post he held only until February 1842. He was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Hanoverian Order in 1835, elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1840 and made a Knight of the Garter in 1842.

Slavery
According to the Centre for the Study of the Legacies of British Slave-ownership at University College London, Buckingham was the beneficiary of a compensation payment due to his family's slave ownership in the aftermath of the Slavery Abolition Act 1833.

Buckingham was associated with "T71/865 St Andrew claim no. 114 (Hope Estate)", for 379 slaves in Jamaica. The claim was made by his father, the 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, but it was denied, as it was subject to a marriage settlement for the heir and his wife. The compensation was instead awarded to the Trustees of that settlement, who received a £6,630 payment at the time, to the 2nd Duke's benefit.

Financial affairs
In 1847, eight years after succeeding his father as Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, the second Duke was declared bankrupt, with debts over a million pounds (£ as of 2024). This occasioned the sale of his Keynsham estate in Somerset in 1841, Avington Park in 1847 and ultimately the auction sale of the contents of the main family seat at Stowe House in August–September 1848, one of the handful of most prominent English country house contents auctions of the 19th century. The financial ruin of so prominent a member of the aristocracy, who had inherited an income of more than £70,000, a vast fortune at the time, became a national sensation.

Personal life
In 1819, Buckingham married Lady Mary Campbell, daughter of Lieut-Gen The 4th Earl of Breadalbane (later created Marquess of Breadalbane). They had one son, Richard, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, and one daughter, Lady Anna, but were divorced in 1850 after Buckingham had lost his inheritance. At that time, divorce required an Act of Parliament. Anna went to campaign for women's rights.

Buckingham died at the Great Western Hotel, Paddington, London, in July 1861, aged 64, and was succeeded in the dukedom by his only son. His former wife died less than a year later in June 1862, aged 66.


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Edinburgh Capitals

The Edinburgh Capitals are a Scottish ice hockey club, playing in the Scottish National League (SNL). They are based in the Scottish capital, Edinburgh. The team play at the Murrayfield Ice Rink, close to Murrayfield Rugby stadium.

In April 2018, a consortium led by David Hand (brother of ex-Racer Tony) won the contract for ice time at Murrayfield, effectively rendering the Capitals homeless.

The newly formed Murrayfield Racers applied to join the EIHL and take the Capitals' place but were rejected, plunging the future of top level ice hockey in the city into jeopardy.

The Racers were subsequently accepted into the Scottish National League (SNL) instead, where they remained until 2022.

However, in July 2022, four years after the Capitals had folded, it was announced that Murrayfield Ice Rink had new management and that the Edinburgh Capitals would return to play in the Scottish National League.

BNL years
The Edinburgh Capitals were founded in 1998, following the collapse of the Murrayfield Royals, replacing them in the British National League (BNL).

The first three seasons for the new Edinburgh team were largely unsuccessful, finishing 8th out of 9 in their inaugural season (ahead of the Paisley Pirates), 8th out of 10 in their second season (ahead of the Milton Keynes Kings and the Pirates), and 9th out of 10 in their third season (finishing once again ahead of the Pirates).

The Capitals would receive a massive boost for the 2001–02 season, with the signings of former NHLer, Jason Lafreniere, and SM-Liiga player, Roland Carlsson. That year the club finished seventh out of 12, with Lafreniere amassing 88 points in 44 games. The following summer saw Lafreniere leave the Capitals to join league rivals, the Guildford Flames.

Over the following three seasons, the club developed a European style of hockey, recruiting most of their imports from Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Among those included fan favourites, Jan Krajíček, Ladislav Kudrna, Peter Konder and long-serving captain, Martin Cingel. The 2002–03 season also marked the arrival of the popular, Elmira College graduates, Steven Kaye and Adrian Saul. The club once again made a mid-table finish, ending the season in 6th place out of 10.

The 2003–04 season saw the Capitals make a blockbuster signing. Former Murrayfield Racers legend and league winning player and coach, Tony Hand, would be returning to Edinburgh after leaving the Dundee Stars. Under Hand, the Capitals would accomplish their best ever league position, finishing third out of seven and for the first time, make the playoff semi-finals. The forward line of Hand, Saul and Kaye would top the scoring charts, with the trio finishing as first, second and third top point scorers in the league. Adrian Saul would also finish as the league's top goal scorer, with 31 goals in 35 games.

The 2004–05 season was a very disappointing one for the club. During the summer, the league's deadliest line from the previous season was split up, with Hand signing for the Elite League's Belfast Giants, Steven Kaye moving to French side Morzine-Avoriaz, and Adrian Saul moving to the club's biggest rivals, the Fife Flyers. Ladislav Kudrna, the team's goalie from the previous two seasons would also switch teams, moving to Yorkshire based Hull Stingrays. The Capitals would finish this season in last place, recording only six wins, making it the club's worst season in the league.

Early EIHL seasons
Following the 2004–05 British National League season, the Capitals and Newcastle Vipers applied to join the Elite Ice Hockey League, however both clubs withdrew their offers to make a joint application with the other remaining BNL clubs. Terms could not be reached between the Elite League and the BNL teams, so the Capitals and Vipers returned to their initial offers. Both clubs were accepted into the Elite League for the 2005–06 season. The BNL subsequently disbanded and the remaining teams moved into other leagues.

This season saw the return of Tony Hand as player/coach, after taking the Giants to a 2nd-place finish during the previous year. In the regular season, the team finished last with 23 points in 42 games. Due to the London Racers folding mid-season, the Capitals made the playoffs by default and were placed in a group with Nottingham Panthers, Sheffield Steelers and eventual 2005–06 playoff champions, Newcastle Vipers. The team finished bottom of the group with two points in six playoff games.

For the 2006–07 season, Scott Neil took over as head coach after Hand signed as player/coach for the league newcomers, Manchester Phoenix. In the regular season, the team finished tied for last place with Hull Stingrays, with 39 points in 54 games.

In the summer of 2007, the club made the announcement that 29 year old, American forward, Doug Christiansen, would be the team's player/coach for the 2007–08 season. Under Christiansen, the Capitals qualified for the Elite League Playoffs for the first time, finishing 8th in the league and picking up 41 points. They were seeded against League champions, Coventry Blaze, who defeated the Capitals 1–0 at Murrayfield and 3–2 at the SkyDome Arena (4–2 on aggregate) at the Quarter Final stage of the competition.

Christiansen was re-signed by the Capitals for season 2008–09, however the team struggled near the foot of the table for the first half of the season. The Capitals showed dramatic improvement in the latter stages and qualified for a playoff position by finishing 8th for the second year in a row. League champions, Sheffield Steelers, defeated the Capitals 8–2 in the Quarter Final first leg, with the Capitals defeating the Steelers 5–4 at Murrayfield in the return leg (12–7 on aggregate). This season was notable in particular for the skill and contribution of Mark Hurtubise, who finished as the league's top point scorer, recording 89 points in 54 games. Hurtubise also made the Elite League All-Star Team.

Christiansen's 3rd season in charge was injury plagued, losing key players throughout the season, including himself with a shattered kneecap in the first game of the season. But the Capitals showed their battling qualities and set a new franchise record for number of points in a season (52). They finished 6th in league setting another franchise record. This led to Christiansen being awarded Coach of the Year by the IHJUK. They played the Nottingham Panthers in the playoffs and got a respectable 4–4 draw at home in the first leg but were defeated 5–0 in the second leg (9–4 on aggregate).

2010–11 season and management changes
Following the departure of Steve Thornton as coach, the Belfast Giants swiftly appointed Christiansen as coach for the 2010–11 season. On 1 July 2010, it was announced that Brad Gratton would replace Christiansen as head coach of the Edinburgh Capitals.

The 2010–11 season was an especially difficult one for the Capitals, which saw Gratton resign from his role as head coach after only four months in the job. It was announced that club owner and general manager, Scott Neil, would take over as head coach for the remainder of the season. This was, however, followed by a string of eight import players leaving the Capitals over the course of the season due to club financial difficulties. The Capitals lost the remainder of their games (most of them heavy defeats) and finished the season bottom of the Elite League. They recorded only six wins and 15 points and failed to make the playoffs, making it the club's worst season to date. There was further uncertainty when it was announced on 5 June 2011, that after nine seasons with the Edinburgh Capitals, loyal club captain, Martin Cingel, was moving on to the Manchester Phoenix of the English Premier Ice Hockey League.

After 13 years as sole owner of the club, it was announced that there would be a restructuring of management. Local businessmen Raymond Lumsden and Matthew Tailford would be joining Scott Neil as co-owners – forming a management team which would also include the Capitals Webmaster, Keith Butland. On 26 September 2011, it was announced that Scott Neil would be stepping down as general manager of the club, and would be replaced by business advisor, Len Wilcox. It was revealed that Neil would remain at the club as co-owner and Hockey Director. It later transpired that negotiations with Wilcox and Lumsden had broken down and that neither would be involved with the club.

However, on 5 October 2011 it was announced that Matthew Tailford would be taking up the additional role of general manager. A further addition to the management team was announced on 27 January 2012 as George Ferdinando would become the latest shareholder of the club.

2011–12 season
On 16 August 2011 it was announced that experienced, Slovakian forward, Richard Hartmann, had signed for the Capitals for the 2011–12 season. It was confirmed on 24 August that he would also take on the role of head coach, becoming the club's first European coach.

Under Hartmann, the club would once again return to a predominantly European style of hockey, signing all but one of their imports from Slovakia, Czech Republic or Latvia – something unique to the Elite League. After a promising first half of the season, the club suffered a string of injuries and a loss of momentum, which resulted in the team finishing in 9th place and, once again, failing to make the playoffs. The season went out with a bang however, with the last game being against the old enemy, Fife Flyers, who had finished bottom in the league. The game finished 11–3 in favour of the Capitals, but was also notable for the number of fights and incidents, including a bench clearance, a player's jersey being thrown into the Fife support, and several players being thrown out of the game.

It was announced on 22 December 2011 that Richard Hartmann had agreed terms to return as player/head coach for the 2012–13 season. This positive news was followed on 5 February 2011 with the announcement that fan favourite, and league top goalscorer, René Jarolín, would also return for the 2012–13 season. Jarolín would be rewarded for his season's effort by being named to the EIHL Second All-Star Team.

2012–13 season
The 2012 off-season saw several key changes to the lineup, with the previous season's captain, Jan Safar, moving to Kazakh club HC Gornyak and alternate captain, Bari McKenzie, moving to Cardiff Devils. Frazer Goldie, who had spent part of the previous season with the club on a two-way contract, joined full-time from Solway Sharks and Willie Nicolson re-joined the club after spending a season with rivals Fife Flyers. Hartmann also continued to recruit from Europe, signing promising Slovak goalie, Tomáš Hiadlovský, and experienced defender, Michal Dobroň, who had previously played nearly 600 games in the Czech Extraliga. On 3 September, it was announced that club legend, Martin Cingel, would be returning to the Capitals and would once again take over the role as captain.

The Capitals had a slow start to the campaign, spending the first couple of months in the bottom two of the league. The team roster was strengthened in November, however, when the Canadian duo Curtis Leinweber and Brent Patry joined from Chinook Hockey League side Sylvan Lake Admirals and Italian Serie A2 side HC Neumarkt-Egna, respectively. The return of alternate captain, Jade Portwood, who had been injured earlier in the season, also gave a boost to the club. The Capitals would go on to beat every team in the league at least once, and finish the season in a respectable 6th place – making the playoffs for the first time in three years. The Capitals faced Doug Christiansen's Belfast Giants at the Quarter Final stage. The first leg took place at the Odyssey Arena and finished 3–1 in favour of the Giants. The return leg saw the Giants progress to the semi-finals after beating the Capitals 4–3 at Murrayfield (7–4 on aggregate). The Giants would finish as playoff runners-up, losing to Treble winners, Nottingham Panthers.

René Jarolín was named for the second year in a row to the EIHL Second All-Star Team, while Richard Hartmann was named as Coach of the Year.

2013–14 season
After a positive 2012–13 season, the club looked to retain as much of the team as possible during the off-season. Player/head coach, Richard Hartmann, and forward Peter Holečko returned for their third consecutive season, while other key returnees included captain, Martin Cingel, alternative captain, Jade Portwood, goalie, Tomáš Hiadlovský, Canadian forward, Curtis Leinweber, and Slovak defenceman, Michal Benadik. It was announced that after spending the previous season in Kazakhstan, former captain, Jan Safar, would also return to the Capitals.

René Jarolín, who finished as the club's top point scorer for the previous two seasons, would move back to Slovakia to join HC Dukla Senica. Other departures included Michal Dobroň and Brent Patry signing for French clubs Morzine-Avoriaz and Chamonix.

New additions to the club included Canadian centre, Les Reaney, who joined from the Wichita Thunder of the Central Hockey League and Czech duo, Tomáš Horna, who previously played for Beibarys Atyrau and Martin Lučka, who spent the previous season with Piráti Chomutov of the Czech Extraliga.

After a poor start to the 2013–14 season, the club announced on 29 September that Michal Dobroň would be returning to the Capitals, signing a new two-year deal. Dobroň had previously left Morzine-Avoriaz after picking up an injury in pre-season. Head coach Richard Hartmann described the signing as "one of the biggest signings I’ve made for this club... To secure Michal's services for two years is tremendous".

Despite the importance of Dobron's return, the club continued to struggle. Further changes to the roster saw Reaney, Lučka and Horna leave the club midseason, while Latvian winger Mārcis Zembergs returned to the club and Czech forward, Jaroslav Cesky, joined from the Cardiff Devils. The team's fortunes failed to improve after the roster shuffle, and the Capitals finished the season in last place by some distance. Curtis Leinweber would finish as the club's top point scorer, with 57 points in 51 games.

One bright spot of the season saw the Edinburgh Capitals (SNL) team win the grand-slam after finishing 1st in the Scottish National League, and winning both the Playoff and Scottish Cup championships.

2014–15 season
After the disappointment of the 2013–14 season, Hartmann renewed his contract with the Capitals for a fourth season as player-coach, with the promise that the team would be competitive in the future. During the offseason, the club would proceed with a clear out of the roster and implement a new hybrid style of play, with half the team's import players being from Europe and the other half from North America. The only import players to return for the 2014–15 season would be goalie, Tomáš Hiadlovský, and newly promoted captain, Jade Portwood. Both players would be in their third season with the club. Former Elite League all-star, René Jarolín, would also re-join after spending a season back in Slovakia.

As part of their new approach, the Capitals looked for players recently out of college or junior hockey, signing Swedish forward (and former college teammate of Portwood and Leinweber), Daniel Näslund; Canadian winger, Dennis Rix; American, and 6'7" Canadian defenceman, Kyle Flemington. To add more pro-experience to the team, the club looked to American forward, Greg Collins; 6’8" Canadian forward, Riley Emmerson; former Nottingham defenceman, Joe Grimaldi; and the Slovakian defensive pair, Lukáš Bohunický and Marcel Petran. After the retirement of long-serving Scottish players, Neil Hay and Daniel McIntyre, the club signed Callum Boyd from Kilmarnock Storm and James Wallace from Solway Sharks (on a five-year contract) as replacements.

Despite the change of style, the 2014–15 season would prove to be an inconsistent one for the club. An early losing streak, followed by a strong points streak in November and early December, was again, followed by another losing streak which stretched into late January. Ultimately, the Capitals would finish the season in 9th place, missing out on the playoffs by 1 point. René Jarolín once again finished the season as the club's top goal and point scorer, with 30 goals and 56 points in 53 games.

Several notable events occurred during the season, including: Emmerson receiving a controversial 10 game ban after only his first game at the club; Grimaldi being released from the club after spearing Nottingham defenceman, Evan Mosey, throwing his helmet at Mosey's face, and sucker-punching him; the addition of American defenceman, Loren Barron to the team, and return of Slovak defenceman, Michal Benadik; and beating the Giants 6–4 in Belfast - their first win at the Odyssey in nine seasons.

2015–16 season
After four seasons at the Capitals, it was announced on 6 April 2015 that Richard Hartmann would be stepping down as the club's player-coach. Eight days later, it was confirmed that fan favourite and former Minnesota Wild draft selection, Riley Emmerson, would return to the club after being appointed player-coach for the 2015–16 season. On the announcement of his return, Emmerson stated that his goal for the club was to "[change] the culture of the Edinburgh Capitals and I want to bring guys in who want to better the club, better themselves as players and to better themselves as people, while they wear a Capitals jersey."

Emmerson's first offseason as coach saw a clear out of the previous season's roster, with defenceman Kyle Flemington being the only other import to return for the 2015–16 season. After three seasons at the club, goalie Tomáš Hiadlovský would leave to join Basingstoke Bison of the English Premier Ice Hockey League. The club's top point-scorer from the previous season, René Jarolín, would also move to the EPIHL, signing for Milton Keynes Lightning. Although initially agreeing to re-sign for the Capitals, defenceman Loren Barron announced that he would be retiring to pursue a career outside of ice hockey. Other retirees from the 2014–15 season included forwards Dennis Rix, Jade Portwood, Greg Collins and Daniel Naslund.

Emmerson's recruitment during the summer brought about a change in on-ice philosophy, with the club signing players familiar with the more high-tempo and physical North American style of play. Forwards Everett Sheen and David Rutherford, alongside defenceman, Kyle Bigos, would join the Capitals from the ECHLs Ontario Reign; whilst defenceman Jacob Johnston and forward Ryan Hayes would sign from former league rivals, Utah Grizzlies. First year pros Taylor Dickin, Nate Fleming, and Craig McCallum would join the club from the universities of Manitoba, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan, respectively. Other key recruits included forwards Trevor Gerling from the Elmira Jackals, Paul Zanette (on a two-year contract) from Italian club HC Bolzano; and goalie Carsen Chubak, who would sign from fellow Elite League club, Belfast Giants.

It was announced on 14 October 2015 that newly named club captain, Everett Sheen, would be leaving the club with immediate effect. Alternate captain, Paul Zanette, was later chosen as the new captain of the Capitals. On 10 November 2015, Canadian forward Brandon Coccimiglio – a former teammate of Rutherford – joined the club as the replacement player for Sheen. The Capitals had to deal with the departures of Ryan Hayes and David Rutherford, while Nate Fleming would also leave for personal reasons. Ned Lukacevic, Ņikita Koļesņikovs, Brandon Thompson, Garrett Milan and RJay Berra would later join the club but the Capitals would finish bottom in a hugely disappointing 10th place, despite a strong start to the season, thus missing the play-offs. Emmerson would later leave the club and retire from hockey after one season as player-coach while club stalwart David Beatson, the Capitals' longest-serving player, would retire after eighteen years with the team.

2016–17 season
After the retirement of player-coach Riley Emmerson after one season in the role and two as a member of the Capitals, the club appointed Michal Dobroň in May 2016 as their new player-coach for the 2016–17 season. Dobroň had previously been a Capitals player between 2012 and 2014.

Dobroň began his recruitment early by signing Canadian centre Taylor MacDougall from the University of New Brunswick, forward Mason Wilgosh from the University of Prince Edward Island, and his former teammate Karel Hromas from HC Morzine in France.

He then added defenceman Michael D'Orazio from St Mary's University in Canada and D'Orazio's former St Mary's teammate, forward Matt Tipoff.

The marquee signing by the Capitals was arguably former NHL first-round draft pick, forward Pavel Vorobyev. The Capitals continued their recruitment with the signing of former Carolina Hurricanes forward Jared Staal in July 2016, netminder Travis Fullerton and forwards Yevgeni Fyodorov and one-time NHL draft-pick Ian Schultz. The roster was completed in early September with the signings of Latvian defenceman Rihards Grigors following a successful trial with the team and Czech defenceman Jaroslav Hertl, the brother of current Vegas Golden Knights forward Tomáš Hertl. Netminder Jordan Marr would later join from the Hull Pirates of the EPIHL initially on a short-term loan, before signing permanently in early 2017 on a deal until the end of the season.

Having been eliminated from the Challenge Cup at the quarter-final stage by Sheffield Steelers (the first time the Capitals had ever made it out of the group stage of the competition), a pair of defeats at Murrayfield to the Nottingham Panthers in consecutive days in March 2017 rendered the Caps unable to qualify for the 2016–17 Elite League playoffs. It was the fourth consecutive season that the Capitals have failed to make the post-season. Pavel Vorobyev finished as the Capitals' top scorer in all competitions, tallying 58 points in 60 games.

2017–18: The club's final EIHL season
After confirming their place in the expanded 12-team Elite League following the adoption of a three-conference structure, the Capitals began their search for a new coach following the departure of Michal Dobroň on 17 May 2017. Dobroň left the Scottish capital to sign for Brest (as player-assistant coach) following one season as Edinburgh's player-coach.

On 9 June 2017, the Edinburgh Capitals pulled off something of a coup to land former NHL all-star Dmitri Khristich as their new head coach. Khristich had played over 800 NHL games and had coached in the KHL, becoming Edinburgh's first bench coach since Brad Gratton in 2010.

The club quickly confirmed that fan favourite Pavel Vorobyev had agreed to return for a second season with the team, before news that Khristich was being assisted in his recruitment and scouting by two former NHLers in Darius Kasparaitis and Khristich's former Washington Capitals teammate Andrei Nikolishin.

The first new import signing was confirmed on 23 June 2017 with the capture of centre Mike Cazzola, the 2016–17 top ECHL rookie points scorer, on a two-year deal from Fort Wayne Komets.

Despite the renewed optimism, however, the on-ice fortunes quickly unraveled from October after Duncan Speirs, Taylor Stefishen and Julius Nyqvist were released by the club - quickly followed by Alexander Islamov - with the Capitals embarking on a desperate run of 13 consecutive defeats before their second league victory of the season arrived with a win against Coventry on 19 November 2017. To compound their predicament, the club suffered the added blow of losing top scorer Marek Tvrdoň who requested to be released owing to a family illness.

In December 2017, things went from bad to worse for the club when Khristich left the Capitals by mutual consent with the club cut adrift at the bottom of the league. Captain Michael D'Orazio and long-time bench coach Jock Hay were confirmed as the interim coaches for the foreseeable future charged with the unenviable task of turning around the on-ice fortunes.

The Capitals would finish with their worst-ever record in the Elite League era, finishing 12th with just five wins from 56 games and with only 11 points to their name.

The 2017/18 season proved to be the final EIHL season for the Capitals after the team lost the Murrayfield Ice Rink ice-time contract to a rival bid, under the Murrayfield Racers name, led by David Hand in April 2018.

2022–23 season
In July 2022 it was announced by the new management of Murrayfield Ice Rink (which will henceforth be known as Murrayfield Ice Arena), that the Edinburgh Capitals would be making a return and they would be joining the Scottish National League (SNL). Former Capitals captain Steven Lynch was named Head Coach.

Current Roster
Squad for 2022–23 SNL season

* Denotes two-way deal with NIHL 1 side Solway Sharks

Head coaches

 * 1998–1999: David MacLean
 * 1999–2000: 🇨🇦🇮🇹 Angelo Catenaro
 * 2000–2001: Jock Hay
 * 2001–2003: Scott Neil
 * 2003–2004: Tony Hand
 * 2004–2005: Scott Neil
 * 2005–2006: Tony Hand
 * 2006–2007: Scott Neil
 * 2007–2010: 🇺🇸 Doug Christiansen
 * 2010: 🇨🇦 Brad Gratton
 * 2010–2011: Scott Neil
 * 2011–2015: 🇸🇰 Richard Hartmann
 * 2015–2016: 🇨🇦 Riley Emmerson
 * 2016–2017: 🇨🇿 Michal Dobroň
 * 2017: 🇺🇦 Dmitri Khristich
 * 2017–2018: 🇨🇦 Michael D'Orazio & Jock Hay  (interim coaches)
 * 2022–: Steven Lynch

Club captains

 * 1998–1999: 🇨🇦 Doug Marsden
 * 1999–2000: 🇨🇦 Jason Heywood
 * 2000–2005: Steven Lynch
 * 2005–2006: 🇨🇦 Jim Vickers
 * 2006–2011: 🇸🇰 Martin Cingel
 * 2011–2012: 🇨🇿 Jan Safar
 * 2012–2014: 🇸🇰 Martin Cingel
 * 2014–2015: 🇨🇦 Jade Portwood
 * 2015: 🇨🇦 Everett Sheen
 * 2015–2016: 🇨🇦 🇮🇹 Paul Zanette
 * 2016–2017: 🇨🇦 Jacob Johnston
 * 2017–2018: 🇨🇦 Michael D'Orazio
 * 2022–: Joel Gautschi

Most games played for the club
Note: GP = Games Played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points

Last updated: September 2016.

Club scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games Played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points

Last updated: September.

Retired jerseys

 * Number 21 worn by Chris Kelland. On 15 December 2007, Kelland became the first player to have his jersey retired at Murrayfield after playing for the Racers for 10 seasons, totaling 676 points in 310 games.
 * Number 9 worn by Tony Hand. On 29 November 2015, Hand, became the second player to have his jersey retired at Murrayfield after playing for the Racers and Edinburgh Capitals. Hand played 14 seasons with the Murrayfield Racers and 2 with the Edinburgh Capitals.

Hall of Fame members

 * Former Murrayfield Racers captain, Chris Kelland, was inducted into the British Ice Hockey Hall of Fame in 2002.
 * Former Murrayfield Racer, and owner of the Edinburgh Capitals, Scott Neil, was inducted into British Ice Hockey Hall of Fame in 2007.

Season awards
2000–01
 * FBNL all-star 2nd team – Steven Lynch

2001–02
 * FBNL all-star 2nd team – Jason Lafreniere

2002–03
 * FBNL all-star team – Jan Krajicek

2003–04
 * FBNL Player of The Year – Tony Hand
 * FBNL all-star team – Tony Hand & Adrian Saul
 * FBNL all-star 2nd team – Ladislav Kudrna, Jan Krajicek & Steven Kaye

2004–05
 * FBNL all-star team – Dainius Bauba

2005–06
 * EIHL Second Team All-Star – Tony Hand
 * Best British Forward – Tony Hand
 * Ice Hockey Annual Trophy – Tony Hand

2006–07
 * British Netminder of the Year – Stephen Murphy

2007–08
 * Vic Batchelder Memorial Award – Mark Garside

2008–09
 * EIHL All-Star Team – Mark Hurtubise
 * EIHL Top Pointscorer - Mark Hurtubise

2009–10
 * EIHL Second All-Star Team – Owen Fussey
 * EIHL newcomer of the year – Owen Fussey
 * Coach of the Year – Doug Christiansen

2011–12
 * EIHL top goalscorer – René Jarolin
 * EIHL Second All Star Team – René Jarolin

2012–13
 * Coach of the Year – Richard Hartmann
 * EIHL Second All-Star Team – René Jarolin

title: Edinburgh Capitals


text:
Élisa (1995 film)

Élisa is a 1995 French drama film directed by Jean Becker and starring Vanessa Paradis, Gérard Depardieu, Clotilde Courau, Firmine Richard and Florence Thomassin. It was released by Gaumont through Gaumont Buena Vista International in France on 1 February 1995.

Plot
Marie is a teenage girl living a criminal life with her friends on the streets of Paris. Her mother, Élisa, suffering from poverty, abandoned by her husband and estranged from her parents, had tried to kill her when she was very young and subsequently committed suicide, while her father has never been part of her life. One day she decides to find and take revenge on her father for not helping her when she was a child. When she finds him she realizes that she cannot kill him. In a flashback it is revealed that he had left his wife because she had prostituted herself to earn money for the family's upkeep. When Marie finds a love letter which her father had sent to her mother, she forgives him.

Cast

 * Vanessa Paradis as Marie Desmoulin
 * Gérard Depardieu as Jacques 'Lébovitch' Desmoulin
 * Clotilde Courau as Solange
 * Sekkou Sall as Ahmed
 * Florence Thomassin as Élisa Desmoulin
 * Michel Bouquet as Samuel
 * Philippe Léotard as Gitane Smoker
 * Catherine Rouvel as Manina
 * Melvil Poupaud as Pharmacist's son
 * Olivier Saladin as Kevin
 * Bernard Verley as The contractor
 * José Garcia as Taxi Passenger
 * Philippe Duquesne as P.M.U. Owner
 * Firmine Richard as P.M.U. Customer
 * Samir Guesmi

Themes
The film features the song Elisa by Serge Gainsbourg, to whom the film is posthumously dedicated. The song tells about the love of a man in his forties for a girl in her twenties, alluding to Marie and her father Jacques.

title: Élisa (1995 film)


text:
Mat (gymnastics)

Mats are used for safety in gymnastics, and in training new skills. They are usually a piece of foam (covered in leather) ranging from 1.5 to 28 inches thick, covered in a vinyl or plastic lining. The foam ranges in density from relatively firm to very soft.

Landing mats are usually blue, but can also be almost any other color. Mats come in a range of sizes, from very small mats used on the beam, to very large mats, used in the foam pits.

Typically, in both competition and practice, the use of mats is mandatory. On every event except floor exercise, pommel horse and vault, gymnasts may use an additional landing mat, without deduction, which may be adjusted for distance.

Beam pads
These are thin mats that fasten around the balance beam. They are used only in training to give gymnasts training high-level skills additional protection and a wider landing space while working on the apparatus. Makeshift beam pads can also be constructed from soft mats placed over the beam surface, if necessary.

Blocks
Blocks are firm, trapezoid or rectangular shaped mats. They can be attached to other blocks via velcro and straps. Blocks are routinely used as step-stools for gymnasts working on the bars or beam and as practice vaulting surfaces.

Crash mats
Typically, these mats are extremely thick and soft, and are used when an athlete is learning a new, high-impact skill.

Folding panel mats
These mats are thin, firm mats about twelve feet in length. They usually have alternating color panels and can be folded, stacked and attached to other mats via velcro strips at the ends. Normally used for practicing tumbling moves, these mats may be stacked to provide a protective surface for gymnasts working on the low balance beam, or provide a means for a gymnast to reach the bars or rings. They have a history of usage in gymnastics, martial arts and physical education classes. Schools generally purchase new folding mats once every 7 years. These mats are perfect for providing a level of protection for the body from high impact collisions with hard solid surfaces such as hardwood or concrete flooring. There are two main categories of foam used in these types of mats, cross-linked polyethylene foam and polyurethane foam.

Polyethylene foam
Cross-linked polyethylene foam is a very solid and sturdy foam, when being used in a folding panel gym mat—it is generally accepted to be at a standard of 1 3/8" thickness. Mats with this type of foam would be considered for professional use in sporting events.

Polyurethane foam
The foam is firm, but not as firm as the cross-linked polyethylene foam used in 1 3/8" thick models. Because of the lack of firmness mats made with this type of foam generally use specifically 2" thick 100 ILD open cell 4.5 lb. density polyurethane foam. Generally accepted uses of mats with this kind of foam are practice venues, home use, and youth amateur sports events.

Vinyls
Each mat although maybe of different foam generally have similar vinyl enclosures. 14 to 18 ounce polyester laminated vinyl is generally used in all folding mat applications. The vinyl covers should be fire-retardant (class - A), puncture and mildew resistant and have antibacterial properties to help maintain good hygiene. Velcro on each end of the mat allows a near seamless connection to additional mats for tumbling runs or expansive areas.

Sizes
Ranging from 4 feet x 8 feet to 6 feet x 12 feet, sizes usually only matter when limited by space or personal preference. In most cases – like in gymnastics – multiple mats are purchased to be strung together via Velcro to create the ultimate sure-footed tumbling experience. Generally mats used for gymnasiums and gymnastics mats come in 2-foot-wide panels and is why many in the industry call them folding panel mats or folding mats. The 2-foot-wide panels allow for ease in both set up and clean up when using the mats to becoming the perfect compact size for storage.

Incline mats
Incline mats, also known as wedge mats, cheese mats or simply "the cheese", are firm mats shaped like right triangles. They are mainly used to teach and train beginning and intermediate gymnastics skills such as rolls, walkovers and handsprings.

Springboard mats
These firm mats are used on vault. They are U-shaped and surround the springboard on three sides. In the event that the gymnast's foot misses the springboard during his or her vault attempt, he or she can push off the mat for momentum and, hopefully, avoid a serious injury. Under the current Code of Points, performing a Yurchenko-style vault without the safety mat results in an automatic score of zero.

Landing mats
These mats are thin and soft, and are usually white or red in color to distinguish them from the other mats and floor exercise area. They are used on the floor exercise to lessen the "sting," or impact, of tumbling run landings and for dismounts on the beam or floor. Sting mats are routinely used in training, but are only rarely used or permitted in competition.

title: Mat (gymnastics)


text:
User talk:Olli A

Welcome!

'''Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my New-Users' Talk Page.'''

Additional tips:
 * Here are some extra tips to help you get around Wikipedia:
 * If you want to play around with your new Wiki skills, try the Sandbox.
 * Click on the Edit button on a page, and look at how other editors did what they did.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: ~~~. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too. Always sign comments on Talk pages, never sign Articles.
 * You might want to add yourself to the New User Log
 * If your first language isn't English, try Contributing to articles outside your native language

Happy editing! Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 18:10, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Olli A


text:
Algoma Central

The Algoma Central Corporation is the result of a reorganization of the Algoma Central Railway in 1990. The company claims assets in excess of $400 million and revenue of $280 million. Corporate headquarters is located in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.

Subsidiaries
The company operates a number of subsidiaries including:

 * Algoma Central Properties - owning commercial real estate in Sault Ste. Marie, St. Catharines, and Waterloo, Ontario
 * Algoma Ship Repair - repairs ships at its dock on the Welland Canal in Port Colborne, Ontario
 * Algoma Tankers - transportation of petroleum products through the Great Lakes
 * Algoma Central Marine - operates bulk shipping on the Great Lakes (see below)
 * Formerly Algoma Central Railway

In 1980, the Algoma Central was the original owner (as Algocen Realty Holdings Ltd.) of Algo Centre Mall; Algoma Central Company wrote off over $5 million in property value due to 1990's Elliot Lake mine closures and subsequently sold the property. The mall, renamed in 2005 by a subsequent owner, collapsed in a June 23, 2012, structural failure and has since been demolished.

Shipping
An Algoma Central Corp. subsidiary, Algoma Central Marine, operates a fleet of self unloaders on the Great Lakes.

In 2000, Upper Lakes Shipping Ltd. and Algoma Central began a partnership to coordinate the transportation of goods along the St. Lawrence Seaway, called Seaway Marine Transport. In 2011 upon the purchase of Upper Lakes Shipping Ltd. and buying out the partnership, the company re-emerged as Algoma Central Marine. Upon completion of the purchase, the entire fleet was then renamed, with the exception of the John D. Leitch, the ship that was named in honor of the company's then owner.

Beginning in 2013, the corporation initiated construction of a series of new bulk carriers to be named after the lead ship, Algoma Equinox. The redesigned fleet incorporated engineering and technology improvements to reduce fuel consumption, create a safer workplace, and reduce emissions and other environmental impact. The company installed Buffalo Automation's "AutoMate" system of sensors, cameras, and software on select Equinox series vessels, to evaluate autonomous navigation.

Algoma also operates several gearless bulk carriers:

Algoma operates a fleet of tankers:

title: Algoma Central


text:
User talk:Dvulture

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Dvulture


text:
Montes Rook

Montes Rook is a ring-shaped mountain range that lies along the western limb of the Moon, crossing over to the far side. It completely encircles the Mare Orientale, and forms part of a massive impact basin feature. This range in turn is encircled by the larger Montes Cordillera, which is separated from the Montes Rook by a rugged, ring-shaped plain.

The Montes Rook is actually a double-ring formation, sometimes divided into the outer Rook and the inner Rook, having respective diameters of 620 km and 480 km. The material excavated to form Montes Rook came from a mafic layer below an anorthositic zone. Many of the peaks in this ring are composed of pure anorthosite. Sections of the gap between these sub-ranges contain long valleys filled in places with basaltic lava, forming small lunar maria. One such section along the northeastern part of the range has been named Lacus Veris.

The selenographic coordinates of this range are 20.6° S, 82.5° W, and the diameter is 791 km. The range was named after the English astronomer Lawrence Rooke. Due to its location this range is viewed from the edge from Earth, and not much detail can be seen. However a partial view of the range can be obtained by projecting an image of the range acquired from the Earth onto the surface of a white globe. This is how William K. Hartmann and Gerard Kuiper discovered the ring shape of Montes Rook in the early 1960s.

Several named craters are embedded within the Montes Rook. Near the southwest outer edge are the craters Nicholson and Pettit. Kopff lies along the eastern inner edge, and Maunder on the northern inner side. Smaller craters include Lallemand to the northeast, Shuleykin to the south, and Fryxell in the west. Out of sight from the Earth, even during favorable librations, are the craters Lowell to the northwest, and Golitsyn to the west-southwest.

title: Montes Rook


text:
Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-04-11/Dot-org boom

Wikipedia will be represented at another conference this week, as Wikimedia Foundation trustee Florence Devouard attends an event focusing on what some are calling the "dot-org boom".

Over the coming week, the Kiasma Museum of Contemporary Art in Helsinki, Finland will host PixelACHE 2005, a "festival of electronic arts and subcultures". The main theme of the event is the "Dot Org Boom", characterized as a non-profit counterpart to the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s.

As part of the pre-festival activities, Wikipedia will be featured in a seminar at the Finnish Embassy in Stockholm on Tuesday, 12 April. The morning session, which is on "Amateurs taking the role of the journalists and experts", will include a presentation by Devouard on Wikipedia, along with a presentation from Muslim media activist Naeem Mohaiemen.

The main portion of the festival in Helsinki runs from 14 April to 17 April. The schedule for this Saturday, 16 April, also includes Wikipedia's participation in a seminar on the dot-org boom, along with several other participants including digitalopenandfree.org, a new project being launched as part of the festival.

Devouard indicated that Wikipedians are welcome to attend the events, and while registration is required it is free of charge.


text:
Hyperkeratosis

Hyperkeratosis is thickening of the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the epidermis, or skin), often associated with the presence of an abnormal quantity of keratin, and is usually accompanied by an increase in the granular layer. As the corneum layer normally varies greatly in thickness in different sites, some experience is needed to assess minor degrees of hyperkeratosis.

It can be caused by vitamin A deficiency or chronic exposure to arsenic.

Hyperkeratosis can also be caused by B-Raf inhibitor drugs such as Vemurafenib and Dabrafenib.

It can be treated with urea-containing creams, which dissolve the intercellular matrix of the cells of the stratum corneum, promoting desquamation of scaly skin, eventually resulting in softening of hyperkeratotic areas.

Follicular
Follicular hyperkeratosis, also known as keratosis pilaris (KP), is a skin condition characterized by excessive development of keratin in hair follicles, resulting in rough, cone-shaped, elevated papules. The openings are often closed with a white plug of encrusted sebum. When called phrynoderma, the condition is associated with nutritional deficiency or malnourishment.

This condition has been shown in several small-scale studies to respond well to supplementation with vitamins and fats rich in essential fatty acids. Deficiencies of vitamin E, vitamin A, and B-complex vitamins have been implicated in causing the condition. Follicular hyperkeratosis is also a symptom in inherited collagen-related diseases of Ehlers-Danlos syndromes and Bethlem myopathy.

By other specific site

 * Plantar hyperkeratosis is hyperkeratosis of the sole of the foot. It is recommended to surgically remove the dead skin, to provide symptomatic relief.
 * Hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola is an uncommon benign, asymptomatic, acquired condition of unknown pathogenesis.

Hereditary

 * Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (also known as "Bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma," "Bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma," or "bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma of Brocq" ) is a rare skin disease in the ichthyosis family, affecting around 1 in 250,000 people. It involves the clumping of keratin filaments.
 * Multiple minute digitate hyperkeratosis, a rare cutaneous condition, with about half of cases being familial
 * Focal acral hyperkeratosis (also known as "Acrokeratoelastoidosis lichenoides,") is a late-onset keratoderma, inherited as an autosomal dominant condition, characterized by oval or polygonal crateriform papules developing along the border of the hands, feet, and wrists.
 * Keratosis pilaris appears similar to gooseflesh, is usually asymptomatic and may be treated by moisturizing the skin.

Other

 * Hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans (also known as "Flegel's disease" ) is a cutaneous condition characterized by rough, yellow-brown keratotic, flat-topped papules.

In mucous membranes
The term hyperkeratosis is often used in connection with lesions of the mucous membranes, such as leukoplakia. Because of the differences between mucous membranes and the skin (e.g., keratinizing mucosa does not have a stratum lucidum and non keratinizing mucosa does not have this layer or normally a stratum corneum or a stratum granulosum), sometimes specialized texts give slightly different definitions of hyperkeratosis in the context of mucosae. Examples are "an excessive formation of keratin (e.g., as seen in leukoplakia)" and "an increase in the thickness of the keratin layer of the epithelium, or the presence of such a layer in a site where none would normally be expected."

Etymology and pronunciation
The word hyperkeratosis is based on the Ancient Greek morphemes hyper- + kerato- + -osis, meaning 'the condition of too much keratin'.

Hyperkeratosis in dogs
Nasodigitic hyperkeratosis in dogs may be idiopathic, secondary to an underlying disease, or due to congenital abnormalities in the normal anatomy of the nose and fingertips.

In the case of congenital anatomical abnormalities, contact between the affected area and rubbing surfaces is impaired. It is roughly the same with finger pads — in animals with an anatomical abnormality, part of the pad is not in contact with rubbing surfaces and excessive keratin deposition is formed. The idiopathic form of nasodigitic hyperkeratosis in dogs develops from unknown causes and is more common in older animals (senile form). Of all dog breeds, Labradors, Golden Retrievers, Cocker Spaniels, Irish Terriers, Bordeaux Dogs are the most prone to hyperkeratosis.

Therapy
Since the deposition of excess keratin cannot be stopped, therapy is aimed at softening and removing it. For moderate to severe cases, the affected areas should be hydrated (moisturised) with warm water or compresses for 5-10 minutes. Softening preparations are then applied once a day until the excess keratin is removed.

In dogs with severe hyperkeratosis and a significant excess of keratin, it is removed with scissors or a blade. After proper instructions, pet owners are able to perform this procedure at home, and it may be the only method of correction.

title: Hyperkeratosis


text:
Wooden Church, Miskolc

The Wooden Church (Deszkatemplom, lit. "wooden plank church") is a church in Miskolc, Hungary. It is built of carved wood. The present building was built in 1999 in place of the previous one that was destroyed by arson in 1997.

The first church was consecrated on September 13, 1637, but both this date and the existence of the church are preserved only in tradition and there is no documentary evidence. The first document mentioning a church at this site dates back to 1698. This church was built of wood, but nothing else is known about it. The first church known by the name of 'Wooden Church' was built in 1724 and it stood until 1937.

István Bató, a 19th-century citizen of Miskolc left a large sum to the church. As long as there are Protestants in Miskolc, this wooden church should be kept in good condition... should it burn down, it should be rebuilt of wood, he wrote in his will. Thus when the church became too old to maintain, the citizens decided that the new church should also be built of wood.

The new church was designed by Bálint Szeghalmi. It was made entirely of wood brought from Transylvania, an area with long traditions of wood-carving, and the design also had Transylvanian elements. (Szeghalmi also designed the first permanent lookout tower on Avas hill in similar style.) The result was a beautiful and unique church. The construction was finished by 1938.

The church was set on fire by an arsonist on December 4, 1997. The city mourned its loss, and an almost identical church was built in its place in 1999.

title: Wooden Church, Miskolc


text:
Homeoptoton

The homeoptoton (from the Greek homoióptoton, "similar in the cases"), is a figure of speech consisting in ending the last words of a distinct part of the speech with the same syllable or letter.

Example
"In necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas" ("In necessary things unity, in doubtful things liberty, in all things charity").

"Hominem laudem egentem virtutis, abundantem felicitates" ("Am I to praise a man abounding in good luck, but lacking in virtue?").

title: Homeoptoton


text:
Beryl Smalley

Beryl Smalley (1905–1984) was an English historian best known for her work The Study of the Bible in the Middle Ages, originally published in 1941, but revised many times, a book that laid the foundations of modern study of the medieval popular Bible.

Education
Beryl Smalley was born on 3 June 1905 in Highfield House, Stockport Etchells, the eldest of six children born to Edgar Smalley, a Manchester businessman, and Constance Lilian Bowman. At 13, Beryl was sent to Cheltenham Ladies College. In 1923, she won a scholarship to St Hilda's College, Oxford. She studied there from 1924 to 1927 as Agnes Ley's pupil. After graduating, she was a research assistant to F. M. Powicke. In 1929, she went to Paris to study and converted to Catholicism. In 1930, she obtained her doctorate from the University of Manchester.

Career
Between 1931 and 1935, Smalley taught at Royal Holloway College, when she left to become a research fellow at Girton College, Cambridge. Later, she was a temporary assistant in Western manuscripts at the Bodleian Library, Oxford, and, in 1944, became tutor in history at St Hilda's College. Smalley remained in that position until 1969, while from 1957 onwards she was also the college's Vice-Principal. One of her more notable pupils was the internationally respected historian on mid-Tudor England, Jennifer Loach, a tutorial fellow at Somerville College, Oxford. Smalley discovered the lost biblical lectures of John Wycliffe, though she had no sympathy for the man himself. According to R. W. Southern, she "could not tolerate his stridency and his putting the Bible above the Church."

Smalley was a member of the Marxist Historians Group until 1956, when most members of the group left. Later she delivered the Ford Lectures on Thomas Becket.

Honours
In 1963, Smalley was elected a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA), the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and social sciences. In 1985, a Festschrift was published in her memory, titled Bible in the Medieval World: Essays in Memory of Beryl Smalley, edited by Katherine Walsh and Diana Wood.

Personal life
In a memoir written after her death, fellow medievalist R. W. Southern described Smalley as 'an extremely private person' who was nonetheless 'a fascinating, daunting, and fastidious personality, both visually and mentally'—a 'conspicuous object in the striking elegance and clear-cut severity of her appearance.' Undergraduates found her 'formidable and mild at the same time. As one put it: "She inspired in me equal parts of love and terror"'. Smalley 'was not in the least convivial, but she cared greatly about people in an austere way and would take endless trouble over their minor needs—major ones were their own affair.'

She never married, and died in Oxford after a brief illness in 1984. After her surgeon told her she had only a few months to live, she finished as much of her work as possible and destroyed the rest.

"In 1929 she had been received into the Roman Catholic Church, and about ten or twelve years later had become a member of the Communist Party. The connection between these two loyalties remained a mystery to all but herself. But by the time of her death she had quietly dissociated herself from both of them. These were her only attempts to find a home in a universal community. When these failed her, she sought no others, and accepted her solitary fate with unflinching courage and steadfastness. She bequeathed her books to her old College, and directed that there should be 'of course, no memorial service'".

She died on 6 April 1984.

Selected works

 * The Study of the Bible in the Middle Ages, 1940 (3rd ed. 1983)
 * Historians in the Middle Ages, 1974, Thames and Hudson, ISBN 0-684-14121-3
 * The Becket Conflict and the Schools: a Study of Intellectuals in Politics in the Twelfth Century, 1973
 * The Gospels in the Schools, c. 1100 – c. 12801985
 * Studies in Medieval Thought and Learning from Abelard to Wyclif
 * English friars and antiquity in the early fourteenth century, 1960
 * Exempla in the commentaries of Stephen Langton, 1933
 * Medieval exegesis of wisdom literature : essays by Beryl Smalley; edited by Roland E. Murphy. 1986
 * Studies in medieval thought and learning : from Abelard to Wyclif, 1981

title: Beryl Smalley


text:
User:Jonamerica

Jonamerica is a man with a website. Not much can be said about Jonamerica that isn't found on that site.

Wikipedia Contributions
OurColony | Xbox_360 | Alternate_Reality_Game | Drug_court | Scrapple | Goetta

title: User:Jonamerica


text: Category:Hungarian photographers

title: Category:Hungarian photographers


text:
Brecon Mountain Railway

The Brecon Mountain Railway (Welsh: Rheilffordd Mynydd Brycheiniog) is a narrow gauge tourist railway on the south side of the Brecon Beacons. It climbs northwards from Pant along the full length of the Pontsticill Reservoir (also called 'Taf Fechan' reservoir by Welsh Water) and continues past the adjoining Pentwyn Reservoir to Torpantau railway station. The railway's starting point at Pant is located 2 mile north of the town centre of Merthyr Tydfil, Merthyr Tydfil County Borough, South-East Wales.

Route description
The line runs along part of the trackbed of the northern section of the former Brecon and Merthyr Railway from Pant to a new station at Torpantau, via Pontsticill and Dolygaer, a total of about 4.5 mi.

This takes the BMR just short of the southern entrance to the 667 yd (610 m) long Torpantau tunnel, the highest railway tunnel in Great Britain, which carried the original line through the hills along the side of Glyn Collwn to Brecon or to Moat Lane or Hereford via junctions at Talyllyn and Three Cocks.

One of the benefits of the line, and a condition of the planning permission, is that tourists can access and experience part of the Brecon Beacons National Park without driving their cars through it. Car parking for railway passengers is only available at Pant Station, outside the Brecon Beacons National Park.

The Brecon Mountain Railway is a member of the Great Little Trains of Wales.

History
The Brecon Mountain Railway was founded in the mid-1970s, by Tony Hills (1937–2015). Hills was a long time railway enthusiast who by 1970, had established a base at Gilfach Ddu on the Llanberis Lake Railway where he stored the locomotives he purchased. In 1977, he purchased five miles of trackbed of the abandoned Brecon & Merthyr Railway at Pant and moved his collection there. Construction of the BMR started in 1978, with the grant of a Light Railway Order in 1980. Track was laid between Pant and Pontsticill in 1979–80. At Pontsticill the station house was renovated, the old waiting room was converted into a small workshop and a storage shed was built. Seven bridges were repaired or replaced. The railway opened to passengers in June 1980 using the engine Sybil and one carriage.

Between 1982 and 1996, a large station and workshop were built at Pant. These provide passenger facilities including toilets, cafe, shop and booking office as well as the extensive workshop used to build and maintain the railway locomotives, carriages and wagons.

A 1+1/2 mile extension from Pontsticill to Dol-y-Gaer opened in 1995. The railway was further extended to Torpantau, just short of the southern entrance of the Torpantau Tunnel, with passenger services commencing 1 April 2014.

By 2016, the original waiting room building at Pontsticill, which had served as a workshop for a period, was converted into a steam museum housing various stationary steam engines and three of the smaller locomotives. All of the stationary units were connected up to a steam distribution header and boiler, which in 2017 was still awaiting commissioning.

Stations

 * Pant – southern terminus of the BMR.
 * Pontsticill –  at the southern end of the Pontsticill reservoir.
 * Dolygaer –  station closed, but passing loop in use.
 * Torpantau – current northern terminus of the BMR.

Locomotives
Full list of locomotives at the site:

title: Brecon Mountain Railway


text:
Forsinard

Forsinard is a hamlet in the county of Sutherland in the Highland area of Scotland. It is located on the A897 road in Strath Halladale. It is served by a railway station on the Far North Line. The local hotel closed several years ago, but there is now a B&B just across the level crossing.

Forsinard is situated in the Flow Country, an area of peat bog which straddles the borders of Caithness and Sutherland. The 33000 acre Forsinard estate was purchased in 1977 by Basil Baird. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) runs a 154 km2 nature reserve and a visitor centre at Forsinard. The Forsinard Flows national nature reserve attracts a large range of birds and wildlife.

Rail transport
Forsinard Railway Station lies on the picturesque Far North Line, located north of Kinbrace and south of Altnabreac.

It was opened by the Highland Railway on 28 July 1874. From 1 January 1923 it was owned by the London Midland and Scottish Railway. The station is currently managed by ScotRail. The original two-storey station building, which is located on the northbound platform, is used as the RSPB visitor centre.

title: Forsinard