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Anières

Anières is a municipality in the canton of Geneva in Switzerland.

The inhabitants are known as the "Aniérois". It is known for having some of the most expensive housing in the Geneva area.

History
Anières is first mentioned in 1179 as [Guillelmus] dasneres. It became an independent municipality in 1858 when it separated from Corsier.

Geography
Anières has an area,, of 3.86 km2. Of this area, 2.44 km2 or 63.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.18 km2 or 4.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.2 km2 or 31.1% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.01 km2 or 0.3% is either rivers or lakes.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 22.5% and transportation infrastructure made up 6.2%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 52.1% is used for growing crops and 2.1% is pastures, while 9.1% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality is located on the left bank of Lake Geneva. Two rivers border the commune: the Hermance and the Nant-d'Aisy. It consists of the village of Anières and the hamlets of Bassy and Chevrens.

The municipality of Anières consists of the sub-sections of Anières - lac, Anières - Hutins, Chevrens, Anières - douane and Anières - village.

Demographics
Anières has a population of. , 25.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 15.5%. It has changed at a rate of 14.6% due to migration and at a rate of 1.7% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population speaks French (1,578 or 77.7%), with English being second most common (166 or 8.2%) and German being third (94 or 4.6%). There is 1 person who speaks Romansh.

, the gender distribution of the population was 49.6% male and 50.4% female. The population was made up of 761 Swiss men (30.2% of the population) and 488 (19.4%) non-Swiss men. There were 895 Swiss women (35.6%) and 372 (14.8%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality 310 or about 15.3% were born in Anières and lived there in 2000. There were 670 or 33.0% who were born in the same canton, while 246 or 12.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 638 or 31.4% were born outside of Switzerland.

In there were 13 live births to Swiss citizens and 9 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 9 deaths of Swiss citizens and 4 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 4 while the foreign population increased by 5. There was 1 Swiss man who immigrated back to Switzerland and 6 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 22 non-Swiss men and 19 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was a decrease of 10 and the non-Swiss population increased by 13 people. This represents a population growth rate of 0.1%.

The age distribution of the population is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 28.4% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 57.9% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 13.8%.

, there were 833 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 958 married individuals, 106 widows or widowers and 134 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 682 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.7 persons per household. There were 143 households that consist of only one person and 67 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 704 households that answered this question, 20.3% were households made up of just one person and there were 2 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 185 married couples without children, 285 married couples with children There were 56 single parents with a child or children. There were 11 households that were made up of unrelated people and 22 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.

there were 407 single-family homes (or 76.8% of the total) out of a total of 530 inhabited buildings. There were 60 multi-family buildings (11.3%), along with 45 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (8.5%) and 18 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (3.4%). Of the single-family homes 65 were built before 1919, while 55 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single-family homes (92) were built between 1981 and 1990.

there were 729 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 5 rooms of which there were 162. There were 13 single-room apartments and 417 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 648 apartments (88.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 55 apartments (7.5%) were seasonally occupied and 26 apartments (3.6%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 7.5 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.48%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
The name of the mayor is Antoine Barde, and the two assistants are Caroline Benbassat and Pascal Wassmer.

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the LPS Party which received 28.52% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (19.61%), the Green Party (13.64%) and the CVP (11.17%). In the federal election, a total of 654 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 52.7%.

In the 2009 Grand Conseil election, there were a total of 1,263 registered voters of which 615 (48.7%) voted. The most popular party in the municipality for this election was the Libéral with 35.1% of the ballots. In the canton-wide election they received the highest proportion of votes. The second most popular party was the Les Verts (with 11.7%), they were also second in the canton-wide election, while the third most popular party was the PDC (with 10.7%), they were fifth in the canton-wide election.

For the 2009 Conseil d'État election, there were a total of 1,259 registered voters of which 679 (53.9%) voted.

In 2011, all the municipalities held local elections, and in Anières there were 17 spots open on the municipal council. There were a total of 1,532 registered voters of which 764 (49.9%) voted. Out of the 764 votes, there were 2 blank votes, 1 null or unreadable votes and 94 votes with a name that was not on the list.

Economy
, Anières had an unemployment rate of 3.4%. , there were 27 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 8 businesses involved in this sector. 27 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 11 businesses in this sector. 252 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 46 businesses in this sector.

There were 909 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 44.9% of the workforce. the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 252. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 22, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 26 of which 16 or (61.5%) were in manufacturing and 10 (38.5%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 204. In the tertiary sector; 36 or 17.6% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 4 or 2.0% were in the movement and storage of goods, 11 or 5.4% were in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was in the information industry, 1 was the insurance or financial industry, 8 or 3.9% were technical professionals or scientists, 36 or 17.6% were in education and 90 or 44.1% were in health care.

, there were 205 workers who commuted into the municipality and 763 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 3.7 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 21.0% of the workforce coming into Anières are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.3% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 15.2% used public transportation to get to work, and 66.7% used a private car.

The average income is very high at 478'065 Swiss Francs per year (2015).

Religion
From the, 692 or 34.1% were Roman Catholic, while 527 or 25.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 52 members of an Orthodox church (or about 2.56% of the population), there were 2 individuals (or about 0.10% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 38 individuals (or about 1.87% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 30 individuals (or about 1.48% of the population) who were Jewish, and 21 (or about 1.03% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 2 individuals who were Buddhist and 2 individuals who were Hindu. 441 (or about 21.71% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 224 individuals (or about 11.03% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Anières about 519 or (25.6%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 587 or (28.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 587 who completed tertiary schooling, 38.2% were Swiss men, 30.8% were Swiss women, 18.6% were non-Swiss men and 12.4% were non-Swiss women.

During the 2009-2010 school year there were a total of 564 students in the Anières school system. The education system in the Canton of Geneva allows young children to attend two years of non-obligatory Kindergarten. During that school year, there were 41 children who were in a pre-kindergarten class. The canton's school system provides two years of non-mandatory kindergarten and requires students to attend six years of primary school, with some of the children attending smaller, specialized classes. In Anières there were 53 students in kindergarten or primary school and 6 students were in the special, smaller classes. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling, followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools. There were 53 lower secondary students who attended school in Anières. There were 118 upper secondary students from the municipality along with 21 students who were in a professional, non-university track program. An additional 131 students attended a private school.

, there were 14 students in Anières who came from another municipality, while 290 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Anières


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KXLT-TV

KXLT-TV (channel 47) is a television station licensed to Rochester, Minnesota, United States, serving as the Fox affiliate for Southeast Minnesota and Northern Iowa. It is owned by SagamoreHill Broadcasting alongside Telemundo affiliate KXSH-LD (channel 35); SagamoreHill maintains a shared services agreement (SSA) with Gray Television, owner of dual NBC/CW+ affiliate KTTC (channel 10), for the provision of certain services. The stations share studios in Rochester on Bandel Road Northwest along US 52, and also maintain an advertising sales office on Lakeview Drive in Clear Lake, Iowa, that serves Mason City. KXLT-TV's transmitter is located in Grand Meadow Township, Minnesota.

KXLI satellite
KXLT signed-on for the first time on August 21, 1987, as a full-time satellite of St. Cloud–based independent outlet KXLI. It was the market's first independent station, as well as the area's first new commercial station in 33 years. Its programming consisted mostly of low-budget syndicated fare and cartoons, though for a time it also aired Minnesota North Stars hockey. However, it found the going difficult, not in the least because KMSP-TV and WFTC, two independent stations from Minneapolis–Saint Paul, were both already available on cable.

KXLI / KXLT were owned by Halcomm Inc. with its majority stockholder and president Dale W. Lang, chairman of magazine publisher Lang Communications Inc. Lang attempted with partners to create the "Minnesota Independent Network" (MIN) with 11 stations but never got past planning and initial work.

Lang also made a $9.6 million loan to Halcomm. The station closed down in December 1988 with Lang calling the loan in 1989 taking possession of the stations.

In 1989, Lang became the primary investor in a new television network, the Star Television Network, which featured four hours of infomercials and eight hours of classic programming under the TV Heaven banner. KXLT returned on September 29, 1990, again simulcasting KXLI programming as an owned and operated Star station, with both stations on the air 22 hours a day. Following the closure of Star in January 1991, KXLI/KXLT implemented a schedule of infomercials, religious programming and the Home Shopping Network.

As a KXLI satellite, KXLT operated at lower-than-licensed power due to KXLI's financial problems. KXLI and KXLT were sold to Paxson Communications in 1996 which converted both stations to an all-infomercial format under Paxson's "inTV" network. In 1997, Paxson decided to sell KXLT to raise money to launch the Pax network (today's Ion Television). Late that year, Shockley Communications purchased KXLT.

Fox affiliate
On January 19, 1998, Shockley relaunched the station as a Fox affiliate. Previously, cable systems on the Minnesota side of the market carried WFTC (and before it KMSP) while those on the Iowa side carried KDSM-TV from Des Moines. Shockley instantly invested in the station upgrading it to full power operations and moving to new studios in November of that year. On November 1, 1998, in partnership with The WB, KXLT established a cable-only affiliate of the network. Known by the faux calls "KWBR", the station was programmed by the national The WB 100+ service but local promotion and advertising sales were handled by KXLT.

In 2001, Shockley Communications was bought by Quincy Newspapers, owner of KTTC. However, Quincy could not buy KXLT due to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules governing duopolies. The FCC does not allow two of the four highest-rated stations to be owned by one company. Additionally, Rochester–Austin–Mason City has only six full-power stations, not enough to legally permit a duopoly in any case. Nevertheless, Quincy took over KXLT's operations under a shared services agreement. As part of the arrangement, Quincy provides all technical support, promotions, commercial production, and master control for KXLT. Shockley would later sell the station to current owner SagamoreHill Broadcasting in 2005.

In September 2006, The WB and UPN merged to create The CW. KTTC subsequently established a new second digital subchannel to offer The CW through The CW Plus, a similar national programming service as The WB 100+. At that point, the "KWBR" operation was shut down. KXLT has been digital-only since February 17, 2009 with it remaining on-air for a few more days airing "nightlight" service. KXLT's digital facility on channel 46 has been fully operational since 2004 until 2018 when the station relocated to channel 26 in the repack.

News operation
Through a news share agreement in place since 2001, KTTC produces a half-hour prime time newscast on KXLT seen Sunday through Friday nights. Known as Fox 47 News at Nine, the program originates from a secondary set at the Bandel Road Northwest studios. It features a unique graphics package and news music theme that is different from KTTC. KXLT uses most of the NBC outlet's on-air personnel but maintains separate news anchors who can report for KTTC.

At some point in 2009, CBS affiliate KIMT (channel 3) added the market's second prime time local news show at 9 to its MyNetworkTV-affiliated second digital subchannel. This newscast could be seen for thirty minutes competing with KXLT's broadcast. Eventually, the effort would be reduced to a five-minute weather cut-in featuring an updated forecast. On March 21, 2011, a day after KTTC performed an upgrade to high definition news production, KXLT completed the switch. With the change to HD came an updated set of graphics (still separate from the NBC station). On July 28, 2014, KXLT debuted a weekday morning show known as Fox in the Morning (that is produced by KTTC). Airing for thirty minutes at 8 a.m., the program is formatted with news, weather, local features and entertainment segments. Fox in the Morning is the area's only 8 a.m. newscast. Nicholas Quallich, anchor, Ted Schmidt, meteorologist, have been with the show since its summertime 2014 premiere. Tori Bokios, who joined channel 47 in January 2015, as of the summer of 2015, is the anchor of Fox 47 News at Nine. Amanda Hari is the newest member of the morning show, arriving in September 2015, replacing Bokios. In December 2016, Quallich left KXLT, leaving Hari & Schmidt to handle the morning news. Earlier in 2016, chief meteorologist Randy Brock left his post and went on to pursue a career in real estate. He said that part of his decision was to spend more time with his family.

On September 27, 2019, Fox in the Morning broadcast its last show, with anchor Jack Keenan and meteorologist Ted Schmidt. The 30 minute slot for the morning was used to expand Fox 47 News at Nine to a one-hour broadcast in January 2020, anchored by Maddy Wierus and chief meteorologist Nick Jansen.

The evening program on KXLT maintains separate anchors from KTTC (except for weather segments) and its own graphics scheme. The NBC outlet also maintains an Austin bureau, within the Riverland Community College campus, on 8th Avenue Northwest.

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: KXLT-TV


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Edmonton (federal electoral district)

Edmonton was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada. It was located initially in the Northwest Territories, and following its creation in 1905, the province of Alberta (although between 1905 and 1907 Edmonton also included parts of Saskatchewan). This riding was created in 1903, and was abolished in 1914 when it was redistributed into Edmonton East, Edmonton West and Strathcona ridings.

Members of Parliament
The only person ever to represent this riding was Edmonton Liberal newspaper publisher Frank Oliver who was Minister of the Interior at a time when Alberta was being settled by European immigrants, and when Alberta joined Confederation as a province in 1905.

Election results
By-election: On Mr. Oliver being appointed Minister of Interior, 8 April 1905

title: Edmonton (federal electoral district)


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Sucks (song)

"Sucks" is a KMFDM single released in anticipation of their 1993 album Angst. It contains four versions of the song "Sucks" as well as "More 'N' Faster", a reworked version of "More & Faster".

The song includes the lyric "We don't like Michael Jackson, we hate Depeche Mode, we don't care for Madonna or Kylie Minogue", a tongue-in-cheek reference to the various (false) interpretations of the initialism "KMFDM" at the time, including "Kill Mother-Fucking Depeche Mode", "Kidnap Madonna For Drug Money" and "Kylie Minogue Fans Don't Masturbate".

title: Sucks (song)


text:
User:LuisPinto

Just another very satisfied Wikipedia user and ocasional editor.

title: User:LuisPinto


text:
User talk:Goldbot

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! *Kat* 00:31, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
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dxm categorization
hi goldbot- I've been organizing all the categories associated with hallucinogens and whatnot. DXM is already in Category:Hallucinogens by virtue of it being in Category:Dissociatives, a sub-category of hallucinogens. It's certainly a hallucinogen, but as you'll see at the hallucinogen category page, i've organized everything into their sub-categories and taken them out of hallucinogens, as there isn't any real reason for something to be in both. It reduces clutter and unnecessary repetitions. Thanks for keeping an eye out; there aren't a whole lot of people working on these pages. A lot of them are in need of some work! --Heah 04:33, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Wikiproject
Hi again goldbot. i've sorta outlined a proposal for a new wikiproject, a descendant of the drug project, focusing on hallucinogens. i see that you are a contributor there and are interested in dxm etc., so i figured i'd give you a heads up. maybe you'd like to help out. --Heah 03:01, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:Abbie_hoffman_steal_this_book.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Abbie_hoffman_steal_this_book.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, then you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, then their copyright should also be acknowledged.

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WikiProject Pharmacology Collaboration of the Week
WikiProject Pharmacology is currently organizing a new Collaboration of the Week program, designed to bring drug and medication related articles up to featured status. We're currently soliciting nominations and/or voting on nominations for the first WP:RxCOTW, to begin on September 5, 2007. Please stop by the Pharmacology Collaboration of the Week page to participate! Thanks! Dr. Cash 17:49, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

Pharmacology Collaboration of the Week
Aspirin has been selected as this week's Pharmacology Collaboration of the Week! Please help us bring this article up to featured standards during the week. The goal is to nominate this at WP:FAC on September 10, 2007.

Also, please visitWP:RxCOTW to support other articles for the next COTW. Articles that have been nominated thus far include Doxorubicin, Paracetamol (in the lead with 4 support votes so far), Muscle relaxant, Ethanol, and Bufotenin.

In other news:

 * Bupropion has been promoted to featured status on August 31, 2007.

 * The WikiProject Pharmacology main page has been updated and overhauled, to make it easier to find things, as well as to highlight other goals and announcements for the project.

 * Garrondo is asking for individuals to help review Therapies for multiple sclerosis, as he is considering nominating this article for GA status.

 * Fvasconcellos notes that discussion is ongoing regarding the current wording of MEDMOS on including dosage information in drug articles. All input is welcome.

Dr. Cash 00:46, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Pharmacology Update
Here's a brief update in some of the recent developments of WikiProject Pharmacology!

 * Aspirin has just completed its two week run as the first Collaboration of the Week! Many thanks to those editors that contributed; the article got a lot of good work accomplished, and in particular, much work was done in fixing up the history section. It's still not quite "done" yet (is a wikipedia article really ever done?), but after two weeks I think it's more important to push onwards with the development of the new collaboration of the week program. I will be fixing up Aspirin in the next few days and possibly nominating it for either GA or FA status.

 * Muscle relaxant has been selected as the new Collaboration of the week until October 2, 2007! This article is currently rated as a "stub", so it's got quite a bit of work cut out for collaborators! Admittedly, featured status could be a long way off,... but still attainable! At the least, maybe we could at least get it up to meeting the Good article criteria? Please stop by the article and help improve it.

 * Resveratrol, having recently achieved GA status on August 16, 2007, is now making a run for featured status. This is quite a fascinating compound. If you can, please stop by its discussion page and leave comments in support of it.

 * Please remember that Wikipedia is not a forum for discussing or dispensing medical advice amongst users. Specifically, talk pages of articles should only be used to discuss improving the actual article in question. To help alleviate this situation, the template talkheader may be added to the top of talk pages, reminding users of the purpose of such pages. Additionally, unsigned comments and comments by anonymous users that are inappropriate may be removed from talk pages without being considered vandalism.

 * There was an interesting article on ZDNet last week about Hewlett Packard licensing its patented microneedle technology used in common inkjet printers to be used in transdermal patches to deliver a time-controlled release of drugs to patients. This information could be added to articles such as route of administration or drug delivery.

You are receiving this message because you are listed as one of the participants of WikiProject Pharmacology.

Dr. Cash 05:00, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Pharmacology Update
Here are a few updates in the realm of WikiProject Pharmacology:

 * The Pharmacology Collaboration of the Week has been changed to Collaboration of the Month, based on current participation levels. It is also more likely that articles collaborated on for one month are more likely to achieve featured quality than articles worked on for only a week or two.

 * The current Collaboration of the Month for November is Receptor antagonist. Please take a look at that article and contribute to it if you get a chance. Ideally, the article should adhere to the featured article criteria.

 * Therapies for multiple sclerosis is currently a featured article candidate. If you are familiar with the featured article criteria, please visit WP:FAC and review the article.

 * Anabolic steroid is the wikiproject's newest Featured Article, having been promoted on October 8, 2007.

 * Theobromine was delisted as a Good Article. The Peer review and GA reassessment discussions provide suggestions on improvement. Muscle relaxant was recently reviewed for Good Article status, but not promoted. Please see the full review full review here for details.

Dr. Cash 22:11, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

Image source problem with Image:Hoffman abbie4 med.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:Hoffman abbie4 med.jpg
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File:Goldbot.jpg missing description details
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The Wikipedia Library now offering accounts from Cochrane Collaboration (sign up!)
Cochrane Collaboration is an independent medical nonprofit organization consisting of over 28,000 volunteers in more than 100 countries. The collaboration was formed to organize medical scholarship in a systematic way in the interests of evidence-based research: the group conducts systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials of health-care interventions, which it then publishes in the Cochrane Library.

Cochrane has generously agreed to give free, full-access accounts to 100 medical editors. Individual access would otherwise cost between $300 and $800 per account. Thank you Cochrane!

If you are stil active as a medical editor, come and sign up :)

Cheers, Ocaasit | c 19:52, 16 June 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Goldbot


text:
Talk:The Library of Babel

Dayanithaa Hemanikhaa
Who is Dayanithaa 2405:201:E01B:1031:7D8E:A42F:D5B6:804A (talk) 10:59, 14 June 2024 (UTC)

Shaun andrew.s
About mu age 103.5.113.43 (talk) 13:21, 15 June 2024 (UTC)

If you are here to introduce yourself
Could you tell us why? :) We've noticed a lot of people introducing themselves on this page, but don't know why. Thank you! — Rhododendrites  talk \\ 14:41, 15 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Library of Babel


text:
Felixstowe railway station

Felixstowe railway station is the eastern passenger terminus of the Felixstowe Branch Line, in the east of England and is the only surviving station serving the coastal town of Felixstowe, Suffolk. It is 15 mi down the line from Ipswich and 84 mi measured from London Liverpool Street; the preceding station on the line is Trimley. Its three-letter station code is FLX.

It was opened by the Great Eastern Railway in 1898 as Felixstowe Town to distinguish it from the other stations at Felixstowe Pier and Felixstowe Beach, both of which have since closed.

The station is owned by Network Rail and is currently managed by Greater Anglia, which also operates all trains serving it.

History
The railway from Westerfield to Felixstowe was opened by the Felixstowe Pier and Railway Company on 1 May 1877. The first railway station was at Felixstowe Pier and a second was soon added at Felixstowe Beach. The railway's principal promoter, Colonel George Tomline, was criticised in the Suffolk Chronicle for building the stations where he "thinks people ought to be, rather than where people actually live". It is also claimed that the Beach station was sited there to be away from the Ordnance Hotel, owned by his rival John Chevalier Cobbold.

On 13 July 1891 Princess Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, wife of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany and a relative of Queen Victoria, arrived on a train at Felixstowe Beach station. She and five of her children stayed in the town on holiday until 6 August. This gave the town a boost as a holiday resort. Although the population of the town in 1891 was only 3,507 development was increasing along the higher ground north of the Beach station. By now the railway line had been purchased by the GER which set about obtaining powers in June 1893 to divert the railway to Hamilton Road and build a station there. The new Town station was opened on 1 July 1898 by Lord Claud Hamilton, the chairman of the railway company. The direct line from Trimley to Felixstowe Beach was closed and all trains then had to reverse at the Town station before continuing their journey.

A new Orwell Hotel was opened in 1898 opposite the station entrance. More hotels opened in the town around this time, including the luxury Felix Hotel on the sea front in 1903, which was purchased by the GER in 1919 and operated as a railway hotel until it was sold in 1952. A promenade was built along the seafront in 1903 and a pleasure pier opened in 1905. Lord Claud Hamilton was invited back to the town in 1909 to open a new Spa Pavilion. The developing resort was by now served by direct trains from London Liverpool Street station. In 1905 the 10:00 service from London (which had been introduced the previous year as a non-stop service to Lowestoft) called at Westerfield to detach carriages for Felixstowe. It was only allowed two minutes to do this (reduced to a single minute in 1908), and the Felixstowe portion continued on its way just three minutes later. A non-stop train each way between Liverpool Street and Felixstowe Town was introduced in 1906. Another fast train was introduced in 1907 with a single stop at Colchester.

In 1923 the Great Eastern Railway became a part of the new London and North Eastern Railway (LNER). Fewer through trains were run from London than before World War I, but from 1929 until 1939 there was a regular Eastern Belle Pullman service. This train had been operating as the Clacton Pullman but in 1929 was rescheduled to run from London to different LNER resorts in East Anglia each weekday, which resulted in it coming to Felixstowe once a fortnight. It left Liverpool Street at 11:00, took less than two hours to reach Felixstowe, and returned at 19:35. The fare was five shillings.

In 1938 the LNER received new powers to double the Felixstowe Branch Line and enlarge the station. An additional platform was provided at Felixstowe in 1939, but the second track along the branch failed to materialise due to the outbreak of World War II. Bombs fell near the station during the war resulting in some damage to the signal box.

In 1948 the LNER became the Eastern Region of British Railways. Felixstowe Pier station closed on 2 July 1951 and daily services to Felixstowe Beach ceased on 2 November 1959, thereafter running only during summer months. Felixstowe Beach closed in 1967.

An accelerated passenger service using diesel multiple units was introduced on 15 June 1959. The time from Ipswich to Felixstowe Town was reduced from 35 to 24 minutes which allowed a train to work there and back within an hour. Three Pullman camping coaches were positioned here by the Eastern Region from 1960 to 1965. Freight traffic ended on 5 December 1966. A few months later the branch was converted to "Pay Train" operation, which meant that all fares were collected by the guard, so staff were no longer needed at the station other than a signalman.

In 1967 a new container terminal opened at Felixstowe docks, after which freight traffic quickly grew. Because the direct line to the pier and docks had been closed in 1898 when the Town station opened, all trains to the docks had to enter the station and reverse there to continue their journey. To eliminate this a new direct line was opened to the docks on 13 May 1970 using the same alignment as from 1877 to 1898. At the same time the station was reduced to just a single platform and the direct line from there towards the docks was closed. This allowed the signal box to be closed, the trains now being controlled by the signalman at Trimley until 1999 when this too was closed and control transferred to Colchester.

The station buildings were listed Grade II on 23 December 1980. They were converted into the Great Eastern Square shopping centre, which opened on 14 March 1985.

Accidents
On 1 September 1900 there was a collision at the station. An "up" passenger train from Felixstowe to Ipswich left the station despite the signal not being set to permit this move. There was a freight train arriving at the time and the two trains collided at relatively low speed, resulting in twelve injuries. The investigation was undertaken by Lt Colonel P G Donop for the Board of Trade. After interviewing all the staff involved (train crew, signalman and station master) concluded that the fault lay with the driver (which he readily admitted) who had passed the signal at danger. The locomotives involved were GER 474 (a GER Class T19) on the goods train and 791 (a GER Class M15) on the passenger train.

On 19 July 1933 a signalling error caused a locomotive to run back into a rake of carriages after it had uncoupled from them. Thirteen people were injured.

Description
The station building of 1898 was designed by J. Wilson and the GER's architect W.N. Ashbee in the domestic revival style using red brick with stone dressings and a pantile roof. It was described by the local newspaper as having been built "in a style which harmonises with its aristocratic surroundings". It contained a booking office, refreshment and waiting rooms, and incorporated living accommodation for the Station Master. The building was topped off by an octagonal roof lantern which became known locally as "the lighthouse". Between the wings of the building was a 92x84 foot (28.0x25.6 metre) covered circulating area. A carriage road came to the north side of the station from High Road West. The buildings were listed Grade II on 23 December 1980.

In 1898 a single platform had tracks on both sides, one being 785 ft and the other 650 ft. A glazed roof supported by columns ran along the eastern 500 ft. An additional pair of platforms were added in 1939, however the Board of Trade Inspector did not visit and approve their use until October 1948 due to the war. The station had a goods yard on the south side of the line, opposite the passenger platforms. The 76-lever signal box was on the north side of the line on the east side of the bridge which carries Garrison Lane over the railway. A turntable was situated behind the signal box.

Trains now only use the western end of the one remaining platform (the one built in 1898), although the canopy has been retained here. It is long enough to accommodate a six-coach train.

Services
Trains are operated by Greater Anglia and run throughout the day between Ipswich and Felixstowe, calling at all stations. They run every hour for most of the day, but they start later on Sundays.

title: Felixstowe railway station


text:
Soral

Soral is a municipality in the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.

History
Soral is first mentioned in 1236 as Sorraz.

Geography
Soral has an area,, of 2.95 km2. Of this area, 2.44 km2 or 82.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.12 km2 or 4.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.37 km2 or 12.5% is settled (buildings or roads).

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 6.1% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.7%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 2.7% of the area Out of the forested land, 2.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 62.4% is used for growing crops and 3.7% is pastures, while 16.6% is used for orchards or vine crops.

The municipality is the southernmost municipality of the canton and lies on the Swiss-French border between Saint-Julien-en-Genevois and Viry, both in the Haute-Savoie department. The municipality of Soral consists of the sub-sections or villages of Plaine-du-Loup, Les Lolliets and Entre-Deux-Vignobles.

Demographics
Soral has a population of. , 16.3% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 21.3%. It has changed at a rate of 37.7% due to migration and at a rate of -15.5% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population speaks French (542 or 90.8%), with German being second most common (18 or 3.0%) and English being third (13 or 2.2%). There are 3 people who speak Italian.

, the gender distribution of the population was 49.4% male and 50.6% female. The population was made up of 286 Swiss men (39.3% of the population) and 73 (10.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 294 Swiss women (40.4%) and 74 (10.2%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality 177 or about 29.6% were born in Soral and lived there in 2000. There were 174 or 29.1% who were born in the same canton, while 65 or 10.9% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 112 or 18.8% were born outside of Switzerland.

In there were 9 live births to Swiss citizens and were 22 deaths of Swiss citizens and 2 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 13 while the foreign population decreased by 2. There was 1 Swiss man and 1 Swiss woman who immigrated back to Switzerland. At the same time, there were 5 non-Swiss men and 7 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 11 and the non-Swiss population increased by 10 people. This represents a population growth rate of 3.1%.

The age distribution of the population is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 21.9% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 61.1% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16.9%.

, there were 241 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 291 married individuals, 43 widows or widowers and 22 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 198 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.7 persons per household. There were 52 households that consist of only one person and 21 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 203 households that answered this question, 25.6% were households made up of just one person and there was 1 adult who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 48 married couples without children, 83 married couples with children There were 12 single parents with a child or children. There were 2 households that were made up of unrelated people and 5 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.

there were 88 single family homes (or 61.5% of the total) out of a total of 143 inhabited buildings. There were 23 multi-family buildings (16.1%), along with 29 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (20.3%) and 3 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (2.1%). Of the single family homes 30 were built before 1919, while 4 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of multi-family homes (6) were built before 1919 and again between 1946 and 1960.

there were 203 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 52. There were 12 single room apartments and 84 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 179 apartments (88.2% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 18 apartments (8.9%) were seasonally occupied and 6 apartments (3.0%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 29.2 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.41%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Sights
The entire village of Soral is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Twin Town
Soral is twinned with the town of Labeaume, France.

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the LPS Party which received 23.15% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (20.39%), the CVP (15.35%) and the Green Party (13.41%). In the federal election, a total of 256 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 57.4%.

In the 2009 Grand Conseil election, there were a total of 449 registered voters of which 206 (45.9%) voted. The most popular party in the municipality for this election was the PDC with 18.4% of the ballots. In the canton-wide election they received the fifth highest proportion of votes. The second most popular party was the Libéral (with 18.4%), they were first in the canton-wide election, while the third most popular party was the MCG (with 13.4%), they were also third in the canton-wide election.

For the 2009 Conseil d'Etat election, there were a total of 454 registered voters of which 248 (54.6%) voted.

In 2011, all the municipalities held local elections, and in Soral there were 11 spots open on the municipal council. There were a total of 491 registered voters of which 235 (47.9%) voted. Out of the 235 votes, there were 1 blank votes, 14 votes with a name that was not on the list.

Economy
, Soral had an unemployment rate of 2.4%. , there were 51 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 13 businesses involved in this sector. 3 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 3 businesses in this sector. 51 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 6 businesses in this sector. There were 272 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 41.2% of the workforce.

the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 84. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 36, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 3 of which 1 was in manufacturing and 2 (66.7%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 45. In the tertiary sector; 12 or 26.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was a technical professional or scientist, 3 or 6.7% were in education and 28 or 62.2% were in health care.

, there were 173 workers who commuted into the municipality and 220 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 30.6% of the workforce coming into Soral are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.5% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 8.1% used public transportation to get to work, and 72.4% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 313 or 52.4% were Roman Catholic, while 92 or 15.4% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 member of an Orthodox church, and there were 8 individuals (or about 1.34% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 3 individuals (or about 0.50% of the population) who were Jewish, and there was 1 individual who was Islamic. 153 (or about 25.63% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 26 individuals (or about 4.36% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Soral about 205 or (34.3%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 121 or (20.3%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 121 who completed tertiary schooling, 44.6% were Swiss men, 30.6% were Swiss women, 12.4% were non-Swiss men and 12.4% were non-Swiss women.

During the 2009–2010 school year there were a total of 150 students in the Soral school system. The education system in the Canton of Geneva allows young children to attend two years of non-obligatory Kindergarten. During that school year, there were 19 children who were in a pre-kindergarten class. The canton's school system provides two years of non-mandatory kindergarten and requires students to attend six years of primary school, with some of the children attending smaller, specialized classes. In Soral there were 22 students in kindergarten or primary school and 2 students were in the special, smaller classes. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling, followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools. There were 22 lower secondary students who attended school in Soral. There were 27 upper secondary students from the municipality along with 2 students who were in a professional, non-university track program. An additional 18 students attended a private school.

, there were 28 students in Soral who came from another municipality, while 94 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Soral


text:
Roscoff

Roscoff (, from Rosko; ) is a commune in the Finistère département of Brittany in northwestern France.

Roscoff is renowned for its picturesque architecture, labelled petite cité de caractère de Bretagne (small town of character) since 2009. Roscoff is also a traditional departure point for Onion Johnnies.

After lobbying by local economic leaders headed by Alexis Gourvennec, the French government agreed in 1968 to provide a deep-water port at Roscoff. Existing ferry operators were reluctant to take on the relatively long Plymouth–Roscoff crossing so Gourvennec and colleagues founded Brittany Ferries. Since the early 1970s Roscoff has been developed as a ferry port for the transport of Breton agricultural produce and for motor tourism. Brittany Ferries link Roscoff with both Ireland and the United Kingdom.

Owing to the richness of iodine in the surrounding waters and the mild climate maintained by a sea current that varies only between 8 and 18 °C, Roscoff is also a centre of post-cure, which gave rise to the concept of thalassotherapy in the latter half of the 19th century. A French doctor, Louis-Eugène Bagot, opened the Institut Marin in Roscoff in 1899, the first centre for thalassotherapy in Europe. Since then many important centres of thalassotherapy such as the Institut de Rockroum (originally Institut marin), the clinic Kerléna and a heliomarin hospital founded in 1900, the Perharidy Centre, can be found by the sea at Roscoff.

The nearby Île de Batz, called Enez Vaz in Breton, is a small island that can be reached by launch from the harbour.

Sights
 Image:France Bretagne 29 Roscoff 02.jpg Image:France Bretagne 29 Roscoff 03.jpg Image:France Bretagne 29 Roscoff 04.jpg Image:France Bretagne 29 Roscoff 05.jpg Image:France Bretagne 29 Roscoff 06.jpg Image:France Bretagne 29 Roscoff 07.jpg Image:France Bretagne 29 Roscoff 08.jpg Image:France Bretagne 29 Roscoff 09.jpg Image:France Bretagne 29 Roscoff 10.jpg
 * Roscoff parish church Our Lady of Croaz Batz (Notre Dame de Croaz Batz): Renaissance and Gothic church from the 16th century
 * The house known as "that of Mary, Queen of Scots"
 * The Station Biologique de Roscoff, a research laboratory in oceanography and marine biology
 * The Jardin Exotique de Roscoff
 * The Onion Johnny museum

Population
Inhabitants of Roscoff are called in French Roscovites.

Breton language
The municipality launched a language plan through Ya d'ar brezhoneg on 14 November 2008.

In 2008 18.44% of primary-school children attended bilingual schools.

Ferries
Brittany Ferries operate ferry services from Roscoff to Plymouth daily from February to November with occasional Christmas sailings, to Cork twice a week (Friday and Tuesday service).

Irish Ferries used to operate a ferry service from Roscoff to Rosslare from May to September but now sail to Cherbourg instead.

Historic events

 * In 1375 the harbour was destroyed by English forces under the Earl of Arundel. It would later be rebuilt at its current location, Kroas Batz.
 * From 1522 to 1545–1550 the construction the Church of Our Lady of Kroas Batz (see Monuments above).
 * In 1548 the six-year-old Mary, Queen of Scots, having been betrothed to the Dauphin François, disembarked at Roscoff en route from Scotland.
 * In 1790 Roscoff was raised to independent commune. Until then the town had effectively depended on Saint-Pol-de-Léon.
 * The illustrator Henry Gerbault and his wife moved to Roscoff in 1919 and lived there for the rest of their lives.

International relations
Roscoff is twinned with:
 * Great Torrington, United Kingdom
 * 🇫🇷 Auxerre, France

title: Roscoff


text:
Robert Sterling Arnold

Robert Sterling Arnold (January 26, 1905 – February 8, 2003) was an American shape note music publisher, singer, composer, singing school teacher, and the cousin of country western singer, Eddy Arnold. Robert was born at Coleman in Coleman County, Texas, the son of Millard Franklin and Rowena Victoria (Lawrence) Arnold.

Arnold received his musical training from southern shape note teachers such as Mr. & Mrs. J. H. Carr, W. W. Combs, L. A. Gordon, J. B. Herbert, John A. McClung, Will M. Ramsey, and Frank White. He traveled as a member of several quartets, including the Central Music Company Quartet. He also traveled extensively to teach about 300 shape note singing schools.

In 1927, he joined Bill Bynum, Cecil MacDonald, and Bernie Horner to form the Overall Quartet. Sponsored by the J. C. Penney Company, the group wore pressed blue overalls, white shirts, and black bow ties at their concerts. In 1928, he married Cora Angie McDonald, whom he met at a gospel singing at Veribest (near San Angelo, Texas). They lived in Fort Worth, Kennedale and Jefferson, Texas, returning to Coleman in 1975. While in Fort Worth, he had a studio and taught piano and voice. He was the founder and owner of the National Music Company, which company published about fifty singing convention books. Before that he was a partner with Albert E. Brumley and W. Oliver Cooper in the Hartford National Company. Robert and Cora Arnold were members of the Church of Christ.

Some of his more popular songs include Did You Repent, Fully Repent?, Have You Thought, Really Thought?, If I Could But Just Take One Soul To Heaven, and I Wanta Get Right. No Tears in Heaven, written in 1935, is probably his best known song. In addition to its popularity at shape note singings No Tears in Heaven has been recorded by gospel quarters and artists such as Buck Owens, Skeeter Davis, Red Foley, and The Chuck Wagon Gang.

Robert Sterling Arnold is a member of the 2005 Southern Gospel Music Hall of Fame inductees. Arnold was inducted into the Texas Gospel Music Hall of Fame on September 14, 1985. He died in Coleman County at age 98 on February 8, 2003 and was buried in the Silver Valley Cemetery.

title: Robert Sterling Arnold


text:
Vuong's closeness test

In statistics, the Vuong closeness test is a likelihood-ratio-based test for model selection using the Kullback–Leibler information criterion. This statistic makes probabilistic statements about two models. They can be nested, strictly non-nested or partially non-nested (also called overlapping). The statistic tests the null hypothesis that the two models are equally close to the true data generating process, against the alternative that one model is closer. It cannot make any decision whether the "closer" model is the true model.

Technical description
With strictly non-nested models and iid exogenous variables, model 1 (2) is preferred with significance level α, if the z statistic

 * $$Z=\frac{ \operatorname{LR}_N(\beta_{ML,1},\beta_{ML,2})} {\sqrt{N}\omega_N}$$

with

 * $$ \operatorname{LR}_N(\beta_{ML,1},\beta_{ML,2}) = L^1_N-L^2_N-\frac{K_1-K_2} {2} \log N$$

exceeds the positive (falls below the negative) (1 − α)-quantile of the standard normal distribution. Here K1 and K2 are the numbers of parameters in models 1 and 2 respectively.

The numerator is the difference between the maximum likelihoods of the two models, corrected for the number of coefficients analogous to the BIC, the term in the denominator of the expression for Z, $$\omega_N \,$$, is defined by setting $$\omega_N^2$$ equal to either the mean of the squares of the pointwise log-likelihood ratios $$\ell_i\,$$, or to the sample variance of these values, where

 * $$\ell_i = \log\frac{f_1(y_i\mid x_i,\beta_{ML,1})}{f_2(y_i\mid x_i,\beta_{ML,2})}.$$

For nested or partially non-nested (overlapping) models the statistic

 * $$2\operatorname{LR}_N(\beta_{ML,1},\beta_{ML,2})\,$$

has to be compared to critical values from a weighted sum of chi squared distributions. This can be approximated by a gamma distribution (in shape-rate form):

 * $$M_m(\cdot,\mathbf\lambda)\sim \Gamma(b,p)\,$$

with

 * $$ \mathbf\lambda=(\lambda_1, \lambda_2, \dots, \lambda_m),\,$$

 * $$m=K_1+K_2,\ b=\frac 1 2 \frac {\left(\sum\lambda_i\right)^2} {\sum\lambda_i^2}$$

and

 * $$p=\frac 1 2 \frac {\sum\lambda_i} {\sum\lambda_i^2}.$$

$$\mathbf\lambda$$ is a vector of eigenvalues of a matrix of conditional expectations. The computation is quite difficult, so that in the overlapping and nested case many authors only derive statements from a subjective evaluation of the Z statistic (is it subjectively "big enough" to accept my hypothesis?).

Improper use for zero-inflated models
Vuong's test for non-nested models has been used in model selection to compare a zero-inflated count model to its non-zero-inflated counterpart (e.g., zero-inflated Poisson model versus ordinary Poisson model). Wilson (2015) argues that such use of Vuong's test is invalid as a non-zero-inflated model is neither strictly non-nested nor partially non-nested in its zero-inflated counterpart. The core of the misunderstanding appears to be the terminology, which offers itself to being incorrectly understood to imply that all pairs of non-nested models are either strictly non-nested or partially non-nested (aka overlapping). Crucially, the definitions of strictly non-nested and partially non-nested in Vuong (1989) do not unite to mean "all pairs of models that are not nested". In other words, there are non-nested models that are neither strictly non-nested nor partially non-nested. The zero-inflated Poisson model and its non-zero-inflated counterpart are an example of such a pair of non-nested models. Consequently, Vuong's test is not a valid test for discriminating between them.

Example of strictly and partially non-nested models
Vuong (1989) gives two examples of strictly non-nested models:

 * A pair of standard linear regression models with different distributional assumptions on the distribution of error terms (e.g., normally distributed and logistically distributed).
 * A pair of standard linear regression models with the same distributional assumptions on the distribution of error terms but different functional forms such as $$Y_t=\theta_1+\theta_2'Z_t+\epsilon_t^A$$ and $$Y_t=\exp(\gamma_1+\gamma_2'Z_t)+\epsilon_t^B$$, where $$\theta_2\neq0, \gamma_2\neq0$$ and $$Z_t$$ is a non-degenerate real random vector.

Vuong (1989) also gives an intuitive example of partially non-nested (aka overlapping) models:

 * A pair of standard linear regression models with some common explanatory variables and neither model nested in the other.

title: Vuong's closeness test


text:
User talk:Ybertrand~enwiki

Welcome to the Wikipedia
I noticed you were new, and wanted to share some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library

For more information click  here . You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Sam Spade 00:34, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Ybertrand. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Ybertrand~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:30, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 20:43, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ybertrand~enwiki


text:
Fort Mott (Vermont)

Fort Mott, located in Pittsford, Vermont, was a picket fort used by American militiamen during the American Revolutionary War. The fort was constructed by the citizens of Pittsford as a sanctuary in case of approaching British troops or hostile Native Americans. The Battle of Hubbardton was the only major battle fought in Vermont during the war. Just before the battle, fought on July 7, 1777, the townspeople of Pittsford had to evacuate the town. Those that returned decided to build the fort for their own protection; construction was finished later that same year. It is located on the east bank of the Otter Creek, which provided the fort's fresh water. It was only later named Fort Mott, after, the fort's commander, John Mott.

title: Fort Mott (Vermont)


text:
User:Damon~enwiki

.

title: User:Damon~enwiki


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Raymond Millones

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – Rich Farmbrough 23:16, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Raymond Millones
Delete as a teacher who is known mainly for humorous comments to his classes. Joyous 00:36, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC) Keep This man is a legend, soon he's gonna be in all encyclopedias in the world. 00:45, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC) Keep. Postdlf 00:39, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC) Fraudulent entry by User:65.93.69.91. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 00:51, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity.  Postdlf 00:39, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Above is the only other edit by the creator of the page, . --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 00:51, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Just some teacher. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 00:51, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep.Sorry I have to do this, but I don't know any other way of communicating to people reading this. How is this man so different from some dead person or some random low budget film star? He won a TDSB Teacher Excellence award for being a great business teacher.
 * Another fraudulent entry by User:65.93.69.91. --Chill Pill Bill 02:06, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * No, addressing your concern here is fine, that is the very purpose of this discussion page, to discuss validity. Compared to low-budget film stars or dead famous people, there are no Google results, and he is known mainly for his joking... sorry, but, no, he is not notable. And here at Wikipedia we don't care how notable someone *might* possibly become given time, only about how notable they are right NOW. Please see Wikipedia is not a crystal ball for details. Master Thief Garrett 02:10, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Also, please sign your responses in a discussion so we can tell who said what. As it is, some users (such as Chill Pill Bill) have taken this as malicious/fraudulent commenting, and I do not necessarily blame them. EDIT: and don't think we can't tell from the history who *really* wrote what, because (as demonstrated) we can. Master Thief Garrett 02:10, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. non-notable, vanity, teachercruft. Master Thief Garrett 02:10, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 05:28, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, can think of a half-dozen Toronto educators with better credentials and funnier comments who still aren't notable enough to be on wikipedia. --Veritol 12:27, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 12:41, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Probably a homage from a well meaning student - but non-notable. TigerShark 13:46, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. Pavel Vozenilek 13:55, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, NOW i get it.. You're all racists and hate black and hispanic people like this wonderful man. Damn, another blatant example of a hate crime in progress. It's all clear to me now, especially after searching for ANY black/hispanic teachers on Wikipedia, and finding none. By guyman that made dis fine retarded article. (unsigned, Millonesisgay)
 * PLEASE sign your posts so we know who says what. You may not find any black/hispanic teachers on here, but you will NOT find many "whiteys" either. Teachers are, as a rule, not important enough.
 * We are NOT racists, don't gimme that bull, that's the oldest trick in the book, someone non-white is to be dealt with by the law or whatnot and there are cries of "racism, racism!" in the background. Now understand this, if this article was about my own father I'd have it mercilessly culled! This man is NOT important enough to be here. Please understand this... and don't word your statement in an inciteful way, or people may take offence and bite back. Master Thief Garrett 22:55, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * We can assume that last anonymous posting was pure trollage. (Besides, even if it wasn't, how could we tell the subject of the article was anything other than albino? The article doesn't indicate anything about race, creed, color, shoe size, or blood type.) --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 00:28, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The person who wrote the comment about racism can't possibly be serious. By that logic, all black and hispanic people would be inherently notable.   — J I P | Talk 11:45, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. And please remember to not feed the trolls.  Rossami (talk) 05:00, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete for potential defamation, lack of encyclopedic nature, etc.--TPB 03:36, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, possible spanking. -- 8^D gab 05:26, 2005 Apr 29 (UTC)
 * Delete Nothing more really need be said.  Binabik80 05:41, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Antonio McDyess

Antonio Keithflen McDyess (born September 7, 1974) is an American former professional basketball player. Listed at 6'9" (2.06 m) and 240 lb (111 kg), McDyess played as a power forward.

Early life
McDyess was born in Quitman, Mississippi and attended the University of Alabama. As a prep, McDyess was one of the top 30 players nationally, and made the Magic Johnson Roundball Classic. McDyess played college basketball at the University of Alabama. As a sophomore, he led the Crimson Tide in scoring (13.6) and rebounding (10.0), and was considered the SEC's best big man. He decided to forgo his final two years of college to enter the 1995 NBA draft.

Playing career
McDyess was selected with the second overall pick in the 1995 draft by the Los Angeles Clippers, and was traded to the Denver Nuggets before the season began, along with Randy Woods, for fellow forward Rodney Rogers and a mid-first-round pick that was later used to select Brent Barry. McDyess's explosive leaping and power dunking ability allowed him to average 17.8 points and 8.8 rebounds per game over his first six seasons. In 1997, before his third year, McDyess was traded to the Phoenix Suns. He helped the Suns to a 56–26 record during his lone season in Phoenix.

He became a free agent prior to the lockout-shortened 1998–99 season, and returned to the Nuggets. The move was controversial however, because after he had verbally agreed to return to Denver, he reconsidered an offer to return to Phoenix. According to Sports Illustrated, Jason Kidd, Rex Chapman, and George McCloud flew through a blizzard to Denver in hopes of convincing him to re-sign with the Suns. McDyess was attending a Colorado Avalanche game with Nuggets President and General Manager Dan Issel, and Issel told security to not let the three Suns players into the building. Without any further consultation, he re-signed with the Nuggets. That season, on February 28, 1999, McDyess scored a career-high 46 points and grabbed 19 rebounds in a 116–112 win over the Vancouver Grizzlies.

Considered an up and comer, he was selected to be a part of the gold medal-winning U.S. Olympic men's basketball team at the 2000 Summer Olympics. In 2000–01, McDyess was named an All–Star and became just the third Nugget to average at least 20 points and 10 rebounds for a season, after Issel in 1977–78 and George McGinnis in 1978–79. Near the end of the season, he suffered a partially dislocated left kneecap. Early in the 2001–02 season, McDyess had an injury found during practice in October. An MRI showed a partial tear in his patellar tendon and a mild sprain of the medial collateral ligament. He got surgery for the injury and ended up missing the whole season.

McDyess struggled to play through the injury, re-aggravating it several times and going through additional surgeries over the next few seasons. He was sidelined due to injury for the remainder of the 2001–02 season as well as the entire 2002–03 NBA season.

McDyess was traded to the Knicks on June 26, 2002 in exchange for Marcus Camby, Mark Jackson and the draft rights to Nenê, the seventh overall pick in the 2002 NBA draft. McDyess began the 2002–03 season as a highly anticipated addition to the New York Knicks. But on October 8, 2002, with 1 minute 55 seconds left in an exhibition game against Phoenix, McDyess reinjured the knee while dunking a rebound. He would undergo another surgery four days later.

In the 2003–04 season, McDyess was traded to the Phoenix Suns after just 18 games with the Knicks, alongside Maciej Lampe, Charlie Ward, Howard Eisley, the draft rights of Miloš Vujanić and draft considerations in exchange for Stephon Marbury, Penny Hardaway, and Cezary Trybański. He remained healthy while in Phoenix for the remainder of the 2003–04 season. That off-season, his knee was declared healthy and the Detroit Pistons signed him for the full mid-level exception.

As a member of the Pistons, McDyess was successful in reinventing his game. In his first season with the Pistons, averaged 9.6 points and 6.3 rebounds per 23.3 minutes. He relied mostly on mid–range and turn–around jumpers, but remained an efficient scorer, with a 51.3% FG% (ranked 13th in the NBA), helping the Pistons to an Eastern Conference Championship, though they lost to the Spurs in the NBA Finals. He was a dependable sixth man for Detroit, playing in all 82 games in each of the next two seasons. In 2007–08, following the departure of Chris Webber, McDyess became the Pistons' starting power forward.

On November 3, 2008, McDyess was traded to the Denver Nuggets, along with Chauncey Billups and Cheikh Samb, for Allen Iverson. His inclusion in the trade was for salary cap purposes only, and the Nuggets bought out his contract. He waited the league-mandated 30-day period before he could rejoin Detroit, then re-signed with the Pistons on December 9. That postseason, on April 26, 2009, McDyess scored a playoff career-high 26 points, alongside grabbing 10 rebounds, in a deciding Game 4 loss against the Cleveland Cavaliers.

The San Antonio Spurs reached an agreement with McDyess on July 8, 2009, to a three-year deal worth the mid-level exception (up to $15 million). He spent the next two seasons with San Antonio as their starting Center, next to Tim Duncan. On January 27, 2010, McDyess scored a season-high 17 points in a 105–90 win over the Atlanta Hawks.

On December 19, 2011, McDyess announced his retirement from the NBA.

title: Antonio McDyess


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Talk:Hereditary succession models

the writer of this article has somehow confused several concepts. 62.78.120.160 00:40, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Is the title of the article really correct?
The contents of this (in my opinion, sadly deficient) article are talking only about succession by some sort of primogeniture in a hereditary succession. Where are succession laws of elective monarchy (and other cases of non-hereditary succession), which also should be legitimate and required content under title "succession laws"? Where are succession laws of non-primogenitural successions (such as seniority, tanistry, rotation, proximity of kinship), which also should be legitimate and required content under title "succession laws"? Etc. 62.78.104.193 22:38, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Good point. We should expand this article, then.--Neigel von Teighen 23:39, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * No, we should not expand this article, since the expended knowledge is written in at least one order of succession, or perhaps even in several, other articles already. I recommend finding another title for this piece of text. 62.78.104.193 23:49, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * We can merge the information of this article with Order of succession and make this article "Succession laws" a redirect to that page. --Neigel von Teighen 22:33, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

That is a possibility. However, the images you have in the page now, are forming a consistent, comparative treatise of certain models. I frear that their infpormative value will diminish or vanish, if they are put into that larger page. Therefore, I am preferring an option of creating a new page, for these models and their images, however titled something like Some models of hereditary succession. The problem is not so much with contents (they can be improved) than with the title, which cannot be chanhged without creating a new page. After the change I proposed, THEN the empty page of "succession laws" should be made a redirect page pointing to Order of succession. And NOT to the new page. 62.78.107.8 08:02, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with your idea. I like the title Hereditary succession models. Do you like it? --Neigel von Teighen 23:03, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Equal primogeniture
Sadly, Ashley Y has decided to take the less than clear term "cognatic primogeniture" around here, not respecting the need of the encyclopedia to use terms which have better consensus about its meaning. 213.243.176.92 17:53, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Fair enough. That said I think I prefer "equal" to "lineal", as it's a bit more obvious what it means. —Ashley Y 22:45, 2005 May 4 (UTC)

UK case
See the comments I have just made at Talk:Elective_monarchy; technically the UK is an elective monarchy, merely having hereditary control of the elections - PML.

title: Talk:Hereditary succession models


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Assiniboia (federal electoral district)

Assiniboia was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1908 to 1988. This riding was created in 1907 following the admission of Saskatchewan into the Canadian Confederation in 1905.

The riding was located in the southeast corner of Saskatchewan until the 1949 election, when it was moved westward to be based around the community of Assiniboia. The riding's territory before and after the 1949 election did not overlap. Most of its pre-1949 territory was transferred to Moose Mountain with a small part being transferred to Qu'Appelle. Its new territory was carved out of parts of Wood Mountain and Weyburn.

It was abolished in 1987 when it was redistributed into Moose Jaw—Lake Centre, Regina—Qu'Appelle, Regina—Wascana, Souris—Moose Mountain and Swift Current—Maple Creek—Assiniboia ridings.

title: Assiniboia (federal electoral district)


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Battleford (federal electoral district)

Battleford was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1908 to 1925. This riding was created in 1907 following the admission of Saskatchewan into the Canadian Confederation in 1905 from parts of the Northwest Territories ridings of Assiniboia West, Calgary, Edmonton, Saskatchewan and Strathcona ridings.

It was abolished in 1924 when it was redistributed into Rosetown and South Battleford ridings.

title: Battleford (federal electoral district)


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Moose Jaw (federal electoral district)

Moose Jaw was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1908 to 1953 and from 1968 to 1988.

This riding was created in 1907 from parts of Assiniboia West and Calgary ridings. It was abolished in 1952 when it was redistributed into Assiniboia, Moose Jaw—Lake Centre and Rosetown—Biggar ridings.

It was re-created in 1966 from parts of Assiniboia, Moose Jaw—Lake Centre, Rosetown—Biggar, Rosthern, Saskatoon, and Swift Current ridings. The electoral district was abolished in 1987 when it was redistributed into Moose Jaw—Lake Centre and Regina—Lumsden ridings.

Election results

 * Opposition-Labour
 * SOMERVILLE, James ||align=right|2,946

By-election: On Mr. Johnson's election being declared void, 22 February 1923

title: Moose Jaw (federal electoral district)


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Regina (federal electoral district)

Regina was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1908 to 1935.

This riding was created in 1907 from parts of the former Northwest Territories ridings Assiniboia West and Qu'Appelle ridings. It initially consisted of a part of Saskatchewan stretching from the south boundary of the province.

The riding was abolished in 1933 when it was redistributed into Lake Centre, Qu'Appelle, and Regina City ridings.

Election results
By-election: On Mr. Motherwell's acceptance of an office of emolument under the Crown, 3 January 1922

By-election: On Mr. Darke's resignation, 20 February 1926 to create a vacancy for C.A. Dunning

By-election: On Mr. Dunning's acceptance of an office of emolument under the Crown, 5 October 1926

title: Regina (federal electoral district)


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Saltcoats (federal electoral district)

Saltcoats was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1908 to 1925.

This riding was created in 1907 from parts of Assiniboia East, and Qu'Appelle ridings. It consisted of a part of eastern Saskatchewan north of the Qu'Appelle river. It was abolished in 1924 when it was redistributed into Last Mountain, Melville and Yorkton ridings.

title: Saltcoats (federal electoral district)


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Madonna of the Trail

Madonna of the Trail is a series of 12 identical monuments dedicated to the spirit of pioneer women in the United States. The monuments were commissioned by the National Society of Daughters of the American Revolution (NSDAR). They were installed in each of the 12 states along the National Old Trails Road, which extended from Cumberland, Maryland, to Upland, California.

Created by sculptor August Leimbach and funded by contributions, the Madonna of the Trail monuments were intended to provide a symbol of the courage and faith of the women whose strength and love aided so greatly in conquering the wilderness and establishing permanent homes. Dedicated in 1928 and 1929, the twelve statues became sources of local pride. Through the continuing efforts of local and national groups, all are currently in good condition and on display.

History
Some Madonna of the Trail monuments have become community landmarks.

On June 2, 2020, the Upland, California Madonna of the Trail monument was the site of a Black Lives Matter protest in the wake of the murder of George Floyd.

Locations
There is one monument in each of the 12 states along the National Old Trails Highway (much of which later became U.S. Highway 40 and U.S. Highway 66). The monuments, in order of dedication, are:

title: Madonna of the Trail


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Saskatoon (electoral district)

Saskatoon was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1908 to 1935 and from 1949 to 1968.

This riding was created in 1907 from parts of Assiniboia West, Humboldt and Saskatchewan ridings.

It was abolished in 1933 when it was redistributed into Rosthern and Saskatoon City ridings.

It was recreated in 1947 from parts of Rosthern and Saskatoon City ridings. It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Moose Jaw, Saskatoon—Biggar, and Saskatoon—Humboldt ridings.

title: Saskatoon (electoral district)


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Victoria (Alberta federal electoral district)

 * for other electoral districts with a similar name, see Victoria#Canadian electoral districts

Victoria was a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1909 to 1925. This riding was created in 1907, two years after Alberta was created as a province, from parts of Edmonton and Strathcona ridings.

It was abolished in 1924 when it was redistributed into Battle River, Camrose, Vegreville and Wetaskiwin ridings.


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Archibald Garrod

Sir Archibald Edward Garrod (25 November 1857 – 28 March 1936) was an English physician who pioneered the field of inborn errors of metabolism. He also discovered alkaptonuria, understanding its inheritance. He served as Regius Professor of Medicine at the University of Oxford from 1920 to 1927.

Education and personal life
Archibald was the fourth son of Sir Alfred Baring Garrod, a renowned physician who received his medical degree at the age of 23 and became a professor of medicine at University College, London by the time he was 32. He discovered the abnormal uric acid metabolism associated with gout. Garrod's father also successfully estimated the weight of crystals he obtained from a known quantity of blood, resulting in what Garrod called “the first quantitative biochemical investigation made on the living human body”. Garrod's eldest brother Alfred Henry Garrod was a successful ornithologist that named a number of bird taxa and studied specimens from the Challenger Expedition; Herbert Baring Garrod, his other elder brother also had a successful career, both as a barrister-at-law and as a scholar, writing "Dante, Goethe's Faust, and Other Lectures".

Charles Keene, a cousin, frequently visited Garrod's childhood home. Keene was an illustrator for the magazine Punch for over 40 years. Influenced by Keene, Garrod wrote an illustrated booklet called A Handbook of Classical Architecture. According to Krishna Dronamraju, Garrod displayed an interest in natural history from an early age and was particularly interested in butterflies. At the age of 12, he began collecting them and noted how few female butterflies were present, musing over possible inheritance patterns in mammals.

He was educated at Marlborough College and Christ Church, University of Oxford. He performed poorly at Marlborough, struggling due to his lack of interest in classics, especially Latin prose and grammar. He graduated with a First-class Honours (or a "First") degree in natural science in 1878.

In 1880, he received further medical training at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London, where he obtained several scholarships including the competitive Brackenbury Scholarship. Garrod graduated in 1884 and then spent a year studying in Vienna at the general hospital, known as the Allgemeines Krankenhaus. His experiences in Vienna formed the basis for his 1886 work, An Introduction to the Use of the Laryngoscope, which was very well received. In 1885 he obtained his Bachelor of Medicine and Master of Arts from Oxford, and became a member of the Royal College of Physicians, London.

He married Laura Elizabeth Smith in 1886. They had three sons and a daughter, Dorothy Garrod, an archaeologist who was the first woman to hold an Oxbridge chair, partly through her pioneering work on the Palaeolithic period.

First World War
During the First World War, Garrod served as medical consultant to the army, primarily in Malta and in 1918 was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in recognition of his wartime services.

Two of his three sons were killed in action during the war: Thomas Martin Garrod aged 20 in 1915 and Alfred Noel Garrod aged 28 in 1916.

In 1919, his third son, Basil Rahere Garrod died, aged 21, in Cologne during the Spanish flu pandemic.

Professional career
Over the next 20 years he served on the attending staff of several hospitals in London: Marylebone General Dispensary, West London Hospital, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, and Alexandra Hospital for Children with hip dysplasia.

In 1892, he was appointed assistant physician at the Great Ormand Street Hospital. Dronamraju writes, “He was interested in studies of normal and pathological urine, especially in differences of their coloration. It is of interest that his interest in butterflies and flowers in childhood was also related to color differences and biological variation, and it may well have helped to sharpen his perception in this regard.”

Garrod was a proponent of scientific research as the foundation of medical practice, and published on a variety of diseases and topics throughout his career, including An Introduction to the Use of the Laryngoscope (1886) and A Treatise on Rheumatism and Rheumatoid Arthritis (1890). He helped found the Quarterly Journal of Medicine to provide a forum for more fundamental research into the processes of disease.

He helped edit a pediatrics textbook, Diseases of Children (1913), with Frederick Batten and James Hugh Thursfield.

Alkaptonuria and inborn errors of metabolism
Garrod is best known for his scientific study of inborn errors of metabolism. He developed an increasing interest in chemical pathology, and investigated urine chemistry as a reflection of systemic metabolism and disease. This research, combined with the new understanding of Mendelian inheritance, evolved from an investigation of a few families with an obscure and not very dangerous disease (alkaptonuria) to the realization that a whole territory of mysterious diseases might be understood as inherited disorders of metabolism.

In the 1890s he collaborated with Frederick Gowland Hopkins, a well-known and respected London physician and biochemist who studied the concept of how vitamins, then known as “accessory factors”, effect dietary health of patients. Under Hopkins's influence and led by his own childhood fascination with color variations, he took particular notice of how the color of urine changed.

In 1897, a mother arrived at the Great Ormand Street Hospital with an infant and a diaper stained brownish-black. Dr. Garrod recorded the family history of the baby and kept tabs on the newborn's growth over the years. He quickly began seeking other patients with the same disorder and found forty cases and read up on the disorder, the first instance of which was noted in 1822.

In 1900, the same mother became pregnant. Once the baby was born, Garrod had nurses closely inspecting the baby's diaper. Sure enough, they noted the appearance of the black urine 52 hours after the baby was born. Garrod subsequently deduced that the condition, alkaptonuria, was innate. Looking at his records, Garrod noticed that alkaptonuria was more likely to occur in the children of first cousins.

Working with William Bateson, Garrod came to understand the pattern of alkaptonuria appearance in children based on Mendelian principles. Once he applied Mendel's concepts to alkaptonuria, he published a paper in 1902 called “The Incidence of Alkaptonuria: A Study of Chemical Individuality”. In the paper, Garrod explains how he came to understand the condition and speculates as to its causes. He cites various case studies and compares alkaptonuria to albinism in how it's inherited.

In his paper, Garrod focuses on the concept of “chemical individuality” without any prior knowledge of what would come to be known as genes. He writes, “Owing, as I believe, to their chemical individuality different human beings differ widely in their liability to individual maladies, and to some extent in the signs and symptoms which they exhibit”.

Alkaptonuria is a rare familial disease of organic acid metabolism that is best known for the darkening of urine from yellow to brown to black after it is exposed to the air. In later life, individuals with this disease develop arthritis characterized by deposition of brown pigment in joint cartilage and connective tissue. Garrod studied the recurrence patterns in several families, realized it followed an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance, and postulated that it was caused by a mutation in a gene encoding an enzyme involved in the metabolism of a class of compounds called alkapton. He published The Incidence of Alkaptonuria: a Study in Chemical Individuality in 1902.

Over the next decade he developed an understanding of the possible nature of inherited diseases of metabolism. He described the nature of recessive inheritance of most enzyme defects. In 1908, the core of this work was presented as the Croonian Lectures to the Royal College of Physicians, entitled Inborn Errors of Metabolism and published the following year. Garrod expanded his metabolic studies to cover cystinuria, pentosuria, and albinism. These three inborn errors, along with alkaptonuria are collectively called Garrod's tetrad. In 1923 he summarized these studies in an expanded edition of his best known work.

Honours
As it became clearer that he had pioneered a new field of medicine, Garrod was increasingly honored in England and abroad. He succeeded William Osler as Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1910, was appointed to the Medical Research Council, and was made an honorary member of the American Association of Physicians, and of the Ärztlicher Verein in Munich. He received honorary degrees from the universities of Aberdeen, Dublin, Glasgow, Malta, and Padua. In 1935 he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Society of Medicine.

The Canadian Association of Centres for the Management of Hereditary Metabolic Diseases is commonly referred to as the Garrod Association to honor his contributions to the field of inborn errors of metabolism.

Death
He died at the Cambridge home of his daughter after a brief illness in 1936.

Publications

 * The Nebulae: A Fragment of Astronomical History (Oxford, 1882)
 * An Introduction to the Use of the Laryngoscope (1886)
 * A Treatise on Rheumatism and Rheumatoid Arthritis (1890)
 * A Handbook of Medical Pathology, for the Use of Students in the Museum of St Bartholomew's Hospital (1894), with Sir W.P. Herringham & W.J. Gow
 * A Treatise on Cholelithiasis, Bernhard Naunyn, translated by Garrod (London, 1896)
 * Clinical Diagnosis, Rudolf Von Jaksch, edited by Garrod (London, 5th ed., 1905)
 * Inborn Errors of metabolism (1909), second edition 1923
 * Diseases of Children (1913), with F.E. Batten & Hugh Thursfield
 * The Inborn Factors of Disease (1931)

Quotation
"... scientific method is not the same as the scientific spirit. The scientific spirit does not rest content with applying that which is already known, but is a restless spirit, ever pressing forward towards the regions of the unknown, ... it acts as a check, as well as a stimulus, sifting the value of the evidence, and rejecting that which is worthless, and restraining too eager flights of the imagination and too hasty conclusions."

- Archibald Garrod

title: Archibald Garrod


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Help Us—Save Us—Take Us Away

"Help Us—Save Us—Take Us Away" is a song by industrial rock group KMFDM from their 1992 album Money. The "Schnitzel Mix" on the single is identical to the album version.

Reception
The Trouser Press Guide to '90s Rock described the singing of Dorona Alberti on the song as "Nietsche-goes-disco chant[ing]" and the song's steel guitar as "lonesome". Jeff Bagato of Option magazine called the song "a fascinating and oddly beautiful concoction".

title: Help Us—Save Us—Take Us Away


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Spree

Spree may refer to:

Film and television

 * The Spree, a 1998 American television film directed by Tommy Lee Wallace
 * Spree (film), a 2020 American film starring Joe Keery
 * "Spree" (Numbers), an episode of the television show Numbers
 * "Spree!", an episode of Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi
 * Spree TV, a former shopping television channel in Australia
 * The Spree, a terrorist group of witches in Motherland: Fort Salem

Other uses

 * Spree (river), river in Germany
 * Honda Spree, a motor scooter
 * Killing spree
 * Latrell Sprewell (born 1970), nicknamed "Spree", American basketball player
 * Spraoi (pronounced 'spree'), annual festival in Waterford, Ireland
 * Spree (candy), a type of candy
 * Spree Commerce, an open-source e-commerce platform
 * SpringSpree, the annual cultural festival of the National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India
 * UNSW School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering (SPREE), at the University of New South Wales, Australia

title: Spree