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Eutelsat 33C

Eutelsat 133 West A (formerly Eurobird 1, Eutelsat 28A, and Eutelsat 33C) is a Eutelsat operated Eurobird satellite, used primarily for digital television. It was launched in March 2001, and after a short period testing at 33°E, joined Eutelsat 2F4 at 28.5°E in the Clarke Belt, just within the range of satellite dishes pointed at SES' Astra 2 satellites at 28.2° east. It moved to 33° east and joined Eutelsat 33B in July 2015. Then it was moved to 133° west.

Operations
The satellite has three beams. A fixed beam covers almost all of Europe as well as north-western Africa. There are also two steerable beams - the first, "S1", co-focused with the fixed beam but with a Europe-only footprint, and a second, "S2", aimed to central Europe. This beam features many transponders with low symbol rates, used for satellite news gathering.

It features 24 active transponders and 12 backup transponders, all Ku band. 12 of its transponders are significantly wider (72 MHz bandwidth) than traditional broadcast satellites, and are reconfigurable into multiple "virtual" transponders. Each transponder is fixed only in its polarity, and many are carrying at least two, and up to 6 virtual transponders.

History
Once stationed at 28.5°E, the satellite was promoted as providing satellite coverage for all of Europe, and featured both analogue and digital television and radio services serving Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and other countries. Many of the services it carried had previously been on Kopernikus 2 which had operated at 28.5°E since 1990. These stations slowly started to leave, mostly due to viewers/listeners in those target audiences moving to more traditional orbital positions - 19.2°E for Austria, and the relatively new 23.5°E for Czechia and Slovakia.

On 1 March 2012 Eutelsat renamed Eurobird 1 to Eutelsat 28A.

In August 2012 it was confirmed that, after some loss of power events on Eutelsat 28A, Eutelsat 48B would be redeployed to the orbital position of 28.5 degrees East to ensure continuity of service.

In January 2014 SES and Eutelsat agreed that SES would run the whole spectrum at the 28.5°E slot. Eutelsat leases eight transponders and commercializes 12 transponders from the Astra 2 fleet. The last active Eutelsat 28A transponders transferred to Astra 2E on 29 June 2015. It has been redeployed at 33° east and renamed into Eutelsat 33C on 3 July 2015. It was redeployed at 133° west and renamed Eutelsat 133 West A.

title: Eutelsat 33C


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File:Davidsmmagic1.png

Licensing
David's Midnight Magic screenshot (Apple II version) by Bumm13.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Davidsmmagic1.png


text: User talk:82.33.64.79

title: User talk:82.33.64.79


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Vince Coleman (baseball)

Vincent Maurice Coleman (born September 22, 1961) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) player, best known for his years with the St. Louis Cardinals. Primarily a left fielder, Coleman played from to  and set a number of stolen base records. He was a switch hitter and threw right-handed.

He was a baserunning consultant for the Chicago White Sox during the 2015 season. He was hired by the San Francisco Giants in 2017 as a minor-league baserunning and outfield coach.

Early years
Coleman attended William M. Raines High School in Jacksonville, Florida, and then Florida A&M University in Tallahassee. In 1981, he set the all-time single-season stolen base record at Florida A&M, with seven steals in a single game and 65 steals in a season. He led NCAA Division I that year in both total steals and stolen base percentage.

While at Florida A&M, Coleman was also a kicker and punter on the Florida A&M Rattlers football team, where he followed in the footsteps of his cousin, Greg Coleman, who was also a punter at Florida A&M in the 1970s and went on to a 12-year career in the National Football League. Vince Coleman was a member of the Rattlers team that won the 1978 NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship Game. He was named to the all-conference team in both 1980 and 1981 and kicked a game-winning 34-yard field goal in an unlikely 16–13 Rattlers win over the Division I-A Miami Hurricanes in 1979.

Coleman signed as a free agent with the Washington Redskins in 1982 but quit after a week of training camp because the team wanted to convert him into a wide receiver.

Coleman chose to pursue a baseball career when he was drafted in the 10th round of the 1982 Major League Baseball draft by the St. Louis Cardinals. He stole 145 bases in a single season with the Macon Redbirds of the South Atlantic League in 1983; Coleman did so despite missing a month of the season with a broken hand. He further demonstrated his speed and base-stealing ability with 101 steals for the Louisville Redbirds of the American Association in 1984, before being called up to the majors.

St. Louis Cardinals
Coleman stole 110 bases in his rookie season. As of 2022, the 110 steals are the ninth-highest in Major League history. Coleman stole over 100 bases in each of the following two seasons as well, making him the only player in the 20th century to post three consecutive seasons of 100 or more steals and the first player in Major League history to steal 100 bases in the first three seasons of their career. By the end of only his second year, his 217 stolen bases were second in Cardinal history behind Lou Brock's 888, just ahead of the 203 by Jack Smith. Before signing as a free agent with New York, Coleman led the National League in stolen bases in every season he played with the Cardinals (–), becoming one of just four players ever to lead his league in six consecutive seasons. The other players to accomplish this feat are Rickey Henderson, Luis Aparicio, and Maury Wills. Coleman, Henderson, Wills, and Brock are the only players to steal 100 bases in a season. Only Coleman and Henderson have three different 100-steal seasons to their credit, and only Coleman reached the total in three consecutive years.

As the leadoff hitter for St. Louis, Coleman helped the team reach the 1985 playoffs. However, he suffered an injury prior to the fourth game of the National League Championship Series, when the automatic tarpaulin at Busch Stadium rolled over his leg during routine stretching exercises. The injury sidelined him for the rest of the postseason, and the Cardinals eventually lost a seven-game World Series to Kansas City. Following the season, Coleman became the fourth-ever unanimous selection for the NL Rookie of the Year Award.

In 1985, Coleman declared, "I don't know nothin' about him. Why are you asking me about Jackie Robinson?" Responding to Coleman, Rachel Robinson, Jackie Robinson's widow said, "I hope somehow he'll learn and be embarrassed by his own ignorance."

Coleman compiled the best season of his major league career in, when he posted a .289 batting average and a .363 on-base percentage while totaling 180 hits, 109 stolen bases, and 121 runs scored. He stole second and third base in the same inning 13 times that year. Coleman played in the World Series that year, the only one he would appear in. He batted .143 while reaching base six times (four hits, two walks) and stealing six bases without being caught. In the field, he made two assists (i.e. throws to home from left field for outs), both coming in Game 7; he was the first outfielder to throw two runners out at the plate in one World Series game. The Cardinals lost the Series in 7 games to the Minnesota Twins.

In 1989, Coleman compiled a streak of 50 successful stolen bases without being caught stealing, before it was broken on July 28 when he was thrown out by Montreal Expos catcher Nelson Santovenia in a game at Olympic Stadium.

In June 1990, he recorded his 500th stolen base in just his 804th game, the fewest that any player has needed to reach that milestone. As of the end of the 2022 MLB season, he is the last player to steal 100 bases in a single season.

New York Mets
Coleman left for the Mets after the 1990 season via free agency, signing a four-year, $11.95 million contract. However, his career took a quick downward turn. He missed 215 games (out of a possible 486) due to numerous injuries and suspensions. Coleman was one of three Met players named in a sexual assault complaint filed by a 31-year-old woman in Florida, although prosecutors did not pursue charges in the case. His base-stealing strategy became increasingly suspect; he often ignored or misinterpreted his coaches' signs on the basepaths. He was also very difficult to get along with. He got into an argument with coach Mike Cubbage at the end of his first season with the Mets, which was a factor in manager Bud Harrelson's ouster. In September 1992, he got into a fight with Harrelson's successor, Jeff Torborg, and was suspended without pay for the rest of the season.

The Mets seemingly had enough and tried to trade Coleman, but there were no takers. In April 1993, Coleman injured Dwight Gooden's arm by recklessly swinging a golf club in the clubhouse. Three months later, Coleman was charged with endangerment when he threw a lit firecracker into a crowd of baseball fans waiting for autographs in the Dodger Stadium parking lot. The explosion injured three children, including a two-year-old, Amanda Santos. He was sentenced to 200 hours of community service for the incident while the Mets suspended him with pay. On August 26, the Mets announced that as part of a general house-cleaning of the clubhouse, Coleman would not return in 1994. Manager Dallas Green said that while Coleman had played well, he did not think he had the "head and heart and belly" he wanted to see on the team.

Later career
At the end of the season, the Mets traded him, with cash, to the Kansas City Royals for Kevin McReynolds. He recorded 76 steals in 179 games as a Royal before being traded to the Seattle Mariners in mid-. found Coleman with the Cincinnati Reds, and was subsequently released by the team in June, and he signed with the California Angels, but never played a game for the team. Coleman's final season in the major leagues came in 1997 with the Detroit Tigers, where he again received limited playing time and little success on the basepaths or elsewhere.

Coleman attempted a comeback with the St. Louis Cardinals in 1998 and hit over .300 in spring training, but did not earn a spot on the opening-day roster. He was assigned to the AAA Memphis Redbirds, where he continued to play well, stealing eight bases and hitting .316 with an on-base percentage of .395 in 20 games as the club's regular left fielder and leadoff man. However, after failing to receive a promotion to St. Louis, Coleman elected to retire in May 1998.

Through the 2021 MLB season, Coleman ranks sixth in all-time career stolen bases in the major leagues, with 752. , Coleman ranks 52nd all-time in career stolen base percentage among all players with 80 or more attempts, at 80.9%.

Coaching
The Chicago White Sox added Vince Coleman to their staff as a base-running instructor for the 2015 season. The San Francisco Giants hired him as a roving Minor League baserunning and outfield coach in 2017.

Accomplishments

 * Sixth all-time for career stolen bases (752)
 * National League Rookie of the Year (1985)
 * Most stolen bases in a season by a rookie, with 110 in 1985
 * Holds three of the top six stolen base seasons: #3 (110 in 1985), #4 (109 in 1987) and #6 (107 in 1986.) The three seasons were consecutive.
 * The only man ever to steal 100-or-more bases in 3 consecutive seasons: 110 in 1985, 107 in 1986, and 109 in 1987.
 * The last man to steal 100 bases in a season, in 1987.
 * Two-time All-Star (1988–89)
 * Led the Major Leagues in stolen bases four times (1985–87, 1990)
 * Led the National League in stolen bases six consecutive years (1985–90)
 * Holds an MLB record with 50 consecutive stolen bases without being caught stealing (September 18, 1988 – July 26, 1989)

title: Vince Coleman (baseball)


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User talk:Frogprincess16519

Talk to Me!

title: User talk:Frogprincess16519


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Talk:Firestone and Ford tire controversy

current version of this article is copied from the section in Ford Explorer
I commented out the line saying that the current version of this article is copied from the section in Ford Explorer, so I thought I'd announce it here. --Laura Scudder 23:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Title
The title of this article is misleading. It gives the reader the idea that there was a court case involving Firestone versus Ford. This is incorrect and should be changed. Perhaps this should be moved to Firestone, Ford Explorer controversy or some other title. Any other suggestions are always welcome. -moogle 22:42, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Bad article
If I can be so blunt, this is a terrible article, with zero sources. Both articles would be better served being merged into the respective Ford and Firestone sections, where more editors can edit and improve the article. Best wishes, Travb (talk) 10:29, 11 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose - The Ford article needs things taken out, not more put back. It's massive. Mark83 15:33, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.111.136.85 (talk • contribs)

 * Oppose. You're right, Travb, this is not a well-written article.  However, it could be, with a little work, and this subject is notable by itself.  This was a huge deal in the news when it happened.  I think that it deserves it's own article.  I don't like the title of the article (maybe just "Firestone tire controversy" would be better, or something else), but I think that there should be sections about it in the Firestone and Ford articles, with "Full Article:" links to this article. --Aervanath 03:35, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Actually, the Firestone article already has a section on it.--Aervanath 03:35, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Closed Actually, on second thought, I agree. Thanks for your comments all.Travb (talk) 05:14, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Just to chime in, I would tend to agree that this should not be merged with the Ford and Firestone articles. I concur that the Ford article is way too cluttered with extraneous material, and this material would only serve to further that clutter. I also concur that the topic deserves a seperate article. If the Firestone article already has a mention of the topic, then it should be removed from there, a sentence or two should describe what happened, and link to a separate article (this one) for the topic. Jo7hs2 (talk) 03:26, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

Old name
Firestone vs Ford Motor Company controversy Travb (talk) 15:40, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

I agree —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.111.136.85 (talk • contribs)

Why shouldn't this whole article be deleted?
I know this is pretty brash for an unregistered user, but please explain why any of this article should stand without citations? The whole article is composed of unsourced statements of questionable accuracy. Check out  Unless someone decides to back up any of these bald assertions, I think the article should be junked. 65.175.178.198 03:21, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

 * The article should not be deleted, it should be edited. If I get a chance, I'll do it myself, but it may be a few months. If somebody could do it sooner, please beat me to the punch. Jo7hs2 (talk) 03:23, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

POV Tag
I'm doing POV tag cleanup. Whenever an POV tag is placed, it is necessary to also post a message in the discussion section stating clearly why it is thought the article does not comply with POV guidelines, and suggestions for how to improve it. This permits discussion and consensus among editors. This is a drive-by tag, which is discouraged in WP, and it shall be removed. Future tags should have discussion posted as to why the tag was placed, and how the topic might be improved. Better yet, edit the topic yourself with the improvements. This statement is not a judgement of content, it is only a cleanup of frivolously and/or arbitrarily placed tags. No discussion, no tag.Jjdon (talk) 18:36, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

Mazda Navajeo
Wasn't that only produced from 1991 to 1994? Not anywhere where the tire failures was happening. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Agent Mr (talk • contribs) 07:14, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

Notable?
Deletion discussions before this seem to have been focused on the lack of sources, but is the topic of the article even notable enough for an article? Doesn't look like there was that much media coverage, and this was really only a minor incident. The tyres on several cars failed prematurely, and this failure was attributed to the supplier. This doesn't sound that important to me, and I think the lead sums it up: "a period of unusually high tire failures on some Ford vehicles." --92.27.219.48 (talk) 19:54, 18 November 2010 (UTC)

Unregistered user, yet a quick comment: besides the scale (300+ deaths, 800+ injured), this incident is notable in that it is a prime example of human factors in safety. I wouldn't call it minor. Industry, academia and regulators can reflect on the multiple opportunities the various parties had to intervene and yet chose not to. Allowing historical material of this kind to remain available can contribute to safer design of procedures and control. Macondo (Deepwater Horizon) and the Challenger incidents are arguably other notable instances of human factors on safety costing lives. 194.75.138.93 (talk) 16:13, 13 August 2018 (UTC)

Two changes I made
There were two changes I made. The first was to take out the reference "by non-Union labor" when noting that the tires were manufactured in Decatur, Illinois during the labor strike that stretched on for a couple of years. As noted by the St. Louis Post-Dispatch in 2000 or 2001 (unfortunately I don't have the article in front of me), it is unknown if the bad tires were because of low training of the non-Union labor, or if it was sabotage by a Union laborer who had crossed the line. I live near Decatur, it was an extremely bitter strike and both were possibilities. I didn't want to get into it in the article, but you can't say that the problems were caused by non-Union labor because we just don't know.

The second change was the note that the Car and Driver test was for a rapidly deflating tire, not a tire with tread separation. As noted in the Car and Driver article, they couldn't replicate tread separation so they did deflation - not the same thing. I wrote them a letter slamming their testing methods, they printed it (letter to the editor) a couple of months later. I love Car and Driver and am a subscriber... but it was a poorly designed test. Magicalharp (talk) 04:18, 14 July 2011 (UTC)

need rewording
Currently the article says
 * "As a rubber tire moves on the road, it generates tremendous heat. As steel belts heat up, they expand and want to pull away or separate from rubber. "

But I think it is inaccurate to say the steel belts 'want' to do anything. It's more like a force exists that can generate that effect. Can someone think of words that better express this? RJFJR (talk) 16:20, 26 June 2013 (UTC)

This is an unsubstantiated statement regardless of how its worded and should be deleted unless referenced. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 107.185.138.16 (talk) 16:02, 2 July 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Firestone and Ford tire controversy. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20131105041726/http://www.wsbtv.com/news/news/local/ch-2-investigation-finds-recalled-tires-sale/nbg3G/ to http://www.wsbtv.com/news/news/local/ch-2-investigation-finds-recalled-tires-sale/nbg3G/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 01:32, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

More changes
Anyone who looks through the history of this page will see that I've made quite a few changes over the last several months. I've been trying to improve the overall quality of the article by adding more citations, adding additional content as I find it, and reorganizing information so if flows better.

Improvements for the future:
 * Improve the section on the design of Ford Explorer as a cause in these accidents
 * Improve the section on the design and construction of the Firestone tires as a cause

There's a considerable amount of engineering information buried in NHTSA documents as well as other sources that describes how the Explorer may have led to more rollovers, and how these Firestone tires were more prone to failure.

New Section on Public Relations:
 * Create a new section describing the public relations of both Ford and Firestone (particularly Firestone) which was notably bad before and during the recall.
 * I removed the following citation from article because it didn't relate to the paragraph or sentence at the location it was placed or anywhere else in the article. However it is relevant to a section on a breakdown in public relations. Bridgestone/Firestone Recall: A Case Study in Public Relations Ian m (talk) 12:07, 31 August 2017 (UTC)

--Ian m (talk) 20:19, 16 July 2017 (UTC)

I also reordered the talk page into chronological order to meet the layout standards for talk pages. Ian m (talk) 00:48, 22 July 2017 (UTC)

 * Yes I think you have made it better. I think one point is missing. Explorer was developed and signed off on tires from the Joliette plant, at 26 psi. The same model of tire was then manufactured at Decatur, in parallel with Joliette. The failure rates of tires from Decatur was the main symptom of the problem. Greglocock (talk) 00:13, 17 July 2017 (UTC)

 * I haven't found any evidence that Firestone and Ford agreed to manufacture these tires only at Joliette or that Explorer tires would come only from Joliette. But Firestone did approve Ford's plan to recommend 26psi.Ian m (talk) 01:24, 8 September 2017 (UTC)

 * That was not what I was pointing out. Tire mfrs are self certifying once in production and are free to manufacture wherever they like without discussing it with the OEM. As you can see from the failure rate graph the tires from D and J were not exactly equivalent. Explorer was signed off on tires from one plant, it was mainly the tires from the other plant that failed. Greglocock (talk) 07:39, 8 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Do you have a source for this? I haven't seen anything about it. If you have something I'd be happy to add it.Ian m (talk) 13:25, 8 September 2017 (UTC)

 * No source for the first bit, you might find a statement about it if you search for ford q1 tier 1. The development history is covered in one of the refs, I can't remember which.Greglocock (talk) 17:02, 9 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Failure rates for tires from each factory (and Goodyears) here https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/firestonereport.pdf fig16 P53 Greglocock (talk) 04:04, 4 February 2023 (UTC)

Effect of Benzene on Green Tire Self-Adhesion
This statement is misleading / inaccurate: "Benzene can damage the materials in a tire." It is at odds with the widespread use of organic solvents in the tire industry to improve adhesion of unvulcanized rubber layers during the tire building process. Organic solvents improve adhesion by 1) removing blooms of any waxes that might interfere with adhesion, and 2) increasing the rate of interdiffusion of polymer molecules across the adhesive interface. The source you give does not provide data to substantiate that benzene somehow reduces the adhesion of tire layers, nor does it define what is meant by "damage". This statement should be better verified/sourced, or deleted from the article.

AresLiam (talk) 21:43, 4 September 2017 (UTC)

 * So I don't know chemical engineering but this comes up repeatedly. Several workers testified that they were instructed to put Benzene on tires during manufacturing to improve tackiness and that this weakened the tires in some way. This shows up in numerous articles   and I've found it mentioned in a class action lawsuit which suggests that it was brought up in numerous other lawsuits. For that reason I think it should be kept but worded to suggest that it's not true. To me it's already out there, people may believe it already or will find it if they start read articles or lawsuits. To ignore it would suggest that the wikipedia article isn't complete. Ian m (talk) 01:40, 5 September 2017 (UTC)

 * The section heading is 'cause'. I prefer to see the subject of cause treated in the physical sense of causality (A implies B. what people believe or say does not imply cause).  Your proposal treats cause in the moral/political sense of the word (people assign moral blame/responsibility).  To treat cause in the moral sense will violate NPOV, in addition to simply being inaccurate.  I suppose the statement could go in a section more focused on what views are held by different parties to the controversy.  I can accept that the fact that people believe or say this may be germane to the subject, insofar as the article is about a 'controversy'.  I don't think it belongs in a section focused on hard engineering / scientific reasons for the failures.  AresLiam (talk) 05:29, 5 September 2017 (UTC)

 * I don't think I'm dealing with it in the moral/political sense. I'm not even sure where you see that. I also don't get why a "Causes" section has to be strictly based in engineering. If changes in worker behavior led to tires being assembled incorrectly and therefore the tires were weaker or prone failure then the cause of the problem isn't strictly an engineering / design / chemistry issue, it's also a quality control / labor management problem. Indeed it looks like these tire failures were probably not entirely due to problems in chemistry or design. The CEO Bridgestone stated that there were problems in quality control within Firestone that Bridgestone was not addressing. Workers at the factory stated, on top of the benzene issue, that tires were rolled across the floor in the middle of construction and that contaminants from the floor may have weakened adhesives. That they were piercing bubbles in tires during assembly with an awl, that they were inspecting ~100 tires per hour or ~700-800 per day and were signing off on tires that they didn't actually inspect. Those are all at least partly human resources / labor management problems, but it is still possible that those actions contributed to tire failures.

 * The labor strike section of this article does suggest that work was somehow sloppy or slapdash at different periods of time which suggests that the causes for the failures were not strictly based in engineering or design but were caused by poor management, quality control, or poor assembly by workers.

 * The engineering analyses I've read did find differences in the strength of tires between Decatur and Wilson/Joliette and also found a difference in the method that ingredients were mixed, but could not come to a definitive difference in assembly, chemistry, or engineering between Decatur and Wilson/Joliette that would cause these problems. These analyses didn't look into differences in the failure or strength of tires over time. Nor did they look for differences in the actions of workers over time so they couldn't come to conclusions on those subjects. But the fact that there were differences in the quality of tires over time but no significant differences in the methods of manufacture suggests that something was going on in Decatur on the labor or assembly end of things that led to these failures. That's a cause.

 * In the end this may all be an academic discussion because I'm finding information that benzene, among other organic solvents, will cause rubber to swell and dissolve. It seems likely that if a tire undergoes enough swelling or dissolving then it may be compromised. The right amount of benzene may hold the tire together, too much turns it into jello.
 * Ian m (talk) 01:00, 6 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Because of wikipedia's No Original Research policy, the content of the 'Causes' section should be limited to conclusions drawn in attributable sources. AresLiam (talk) 01:26, 7 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Where am I conducting original research? Ian m (talk) 13:55, 7 September 2017 (UTC)

 * The cites you give in support of the benzene claim contain no more than allegations from trial lawyers and one or two disgruntled former employees. Not exactly unbiased sources.  The WP:NOR policy is about being able to source conclusions from reliable authority.  From the NOR page: "Wikipedia does not publish original thought. All material in Wikipedia must be attributable to a reliable, published source. Articles must not contain any new analysis or synthesis that reaches or implies a conclusion not clearly stated in the published sources."  None of the sources you give substantively supports the claim that benzene damages tires.  Rather, these sources merely repeat allegations from a small number of biased parties who are not in a position to know whether benzene damages a tire.  To get to 'Benzene damages tires', it seems to me that you are synthesizing something that does not really exist in these sources.  I admire your tenacity in defending the claim, but I believe it is misguided in context of wikipedia.  Judging from your edit history, it seems your only interest on wikipedia is the subject of the Ford/Firestone controversy.  FYI, pushing an agenda is frowned upon, see Advocacy. AresLiam (talk) 00:49, 8 September 2017 (UTC)

Lawyer
I'm concerned about statement "Finally, the efforts of one attorney, Randell (Randy) C. Roberts at Roberts & Roberts, resulted in Firestone's hidden corporate documents being revealed to the public." While this lawyer and law firm may have contributed to the legal developments in court cases against Firestone and Ford, there were hundreds of lawsuits involving who knows how many lawyers and law firms many of which made significant contributions. Why is this one so special that it deserves mention? WP:BALASP. If we were to list each individual one then this article could go on forever. In addition, the citation references that law firm's own webpage which is hardly a reliable source WP:NOTRELIABLE. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ian m (talk • contribs) 01:08, 8 April 2018 (UTC)

Actually, that lawyer's contribution was substantial. It broke the case open. Before that, other lawsuits were settled in secret. It was that lawyer that was able to have the documents released to the public, leading to the national recall. So I think it's worthy of inclusion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.221.234.162 (talk) 05:02, 25 August 2018 (UTC)

 * Where's the evidence that this was such a substantial legal watershed that it deserves mention? Again, without referencing the law firm's own website. Ian m (talk) 12:31, 12 September 2018 (UTC)

Personal Experience: For what it's worth.
In the mid 90's I was employed by a automotive service shop that sold Good Year tires. I had completed training on the science of tires some time before the Firestone and Ford controversy happened. My service manager always told everyone to inflate customer tires to the psi indicated by the vehicle door sticker. Due to my knowledge of tires verses load I had to disagree with him on this one case. The Ford Explorer was informing people to use 26 psi, but the load of the vehicle vs the capability of the tires required 30 psi (by my calculations). He agreed after I explained my reasoning and some time later Ford recalled the Explorers. It wasn't long afterwards that I saw a vehicle that went through the recall and the only thing I noted that had changed was the addition of another sticker in the door. It informed people to inflate tires to 30 psi. My supervisor and I were amused to say the least. We never saw new lower springs or wider stance. Other tires were failing too from other manufacturers, just not at the same rate. Years later I still see explorers from the 90s flipping due to high and forward center of gravity. The reason for the center of gravity being so far off was the design was based on an IH Scout 3 concept. Ford just shortened the rear end and moved the center of gravity forward. The only source I have is my experience, knowledge and research. I will happily answer any replies with as much information as I can as well as be more specific as needed. Xanthemann (talk) 09:39, 14 February 2019 (UTC) https://www.redpowermagazine.com/forums/topic/81150-brand-new-international-scout-for-1984/

Pictures
User:Greglocock Take a look the Manufacturing Facility section of the current edit. I didn't remove the image, there were two and I removed one of them and then added the Ford Explorer images. I suppose it's a fair debate about where the image goes, but it seems that two copies of the same image is redundant. --Ian m (talk) 20:27, 3 March 2019 (UTC)

Dollars?
As someone NOT particularly familiar with this event (other than having lived through it): when I read through this article, an unreferenced remark in the last section (Financial) caught my attention because it seems to contradict what's stated before reference #13. "...cost Ford $3 billion." vs. "...cost Bridgestone/Firestone $1.67 billion[73] and Ford Motor Company $530 million." - which is correct? Or did I misunderstand something? Can it be clarified by someone who understands this topic? Thanks. Steve8394 (talk) 17:27, 30 May 2020 (UTC)

 * I'm honestly not sure, but I think the issue is time frame. The lower costs maybe first year costs and higher costs are costs over several years. That is worth looking into and clarifying though. Ian m (talk) 02:21, 12 December 2020 (UTC)


text:
Howard Lindsay

Howard Lindsay, born Herman Nelke, (March 29, 1889 – February 11, 1968) was an American playwright, librettist, director, actor and theatrical producer. He is best known for his writing work as part of the collaboration of Lindsay and Crouse, and for his performance, with his wife Dorothy Stickney, in the long-running play Life with Father.

Biography
Lindsay graduated from Boston Latin School in 1907. He was an actor and director before turning to writing plays. He played the role of "Father" in Life with Father on Broadway in 1939.

Together with Russel Crouse, Lindsay won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the 1945 play State of the Union, which was adapted into a film directed by Frank Capra three years later.

On October 5, 1947, Lindsay became the master of ceremonies of the Ford Theatre radio program.

The 1957 Rodgers and Hammerstein television musical Cinderella, recently revived by PBS, featured Lindsay and Stickney playing the roles of the King and Queen, one of the few times a Lindsay performance has been captured on film.

In 1960, he and Crouse won the Tony Award for Best Musical for The Sound of Music, for which they wrote the book. They also collaborated on Call Me Madam, Happy Hunting and Mr. President.

Lindsay was a member of The Players, the theatrical club founded in the 1800s by Edwin Booth, and served as its president from 1955 to 1965. Lindsay joined The Lambs in 1925 and remained a member until he died. His writing partner, Russel Crouse, was also a member of The Lambs.

Stickney and Howard maintained a longtime home in the Stanton section of Readington Township, New Jersey.

title: Howard Lindsay


text:
User talk:Alll~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
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Thank you for the fixes you made on intelligent control and other places. Oleg Alexandrov 23:22, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Alll. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Alll~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 21:52, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 10:22, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alll~enwiki


text:
Non-performing loan

A non-performing loan (NPL) is a bank loan that is subject to late repayment or is unlikely to be repaid by the borrower in full. Non-performing loans represent a major challenge for the banking sector, as they reduce profitability. They are often claimed to prevent banks from lending more to businesses and consumers, which in turn slows economic growth, although this theory is disputed.

In the European Union, the management of the NPLs resulting from the global financial crisis of 2008 has become a politically sensitive topic, culminating in 2017 with the decision by the European Council to task the European Commission to launch an action plan to tackle NPLs. The action plan supports the fostering of a secondary market for NPLs and the creation of Asset Management Companies (aka bad banks). In December 2020, this action plan was revised in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.

Definition
Non-performing loans are generally recognised as per the following criteria:
 * Payments of interest and principal are past due by 90 days or more
 * At least 90 days of interest payments have been capitalized, refinanced or delayed by agreement
 * Payments are less than 90 days overdue, but there are other good reasons to doubt that payments will be made in full.

Challenges and difficulties of resolving NPLs
In general, the management of NPLs is made difficult due to a variety of reasons:
 * Lack of a standard, accepted definition of NPLs, and no strong reporting frameworks
 * Lack of any standard valuation methodology whereby financial institutions can provision for losses arising from NPL resolution.
 * Incentives for banks and financial institutions to understate their NPLs in order to avoid reputational risk of facing higher funding cost on financial markets
 * Unwillingness of banks to sell NPLs because of the costs associated with such an exercise, which could add to the NPL losses. This in turn could hurt their capital adequacy.
 * Consumer protection regulations

Policy response and NPL management models
There are two main approaches for dealing with NPLs: In practice, both approaches can be used simultaneously, as illustrated by the European Commission's action plan on NPLs, while some authors have argued that systemic crisis generally require a more centralized approach.
 * A decentralized approach involves regulating banks so they take measures to prevent and resolve the NPLs in their loan books, for example by legislating accounting rules to force banks to provision against future losses, or by setting up legislative frameworks and other measures to foster a secondary market for NPLs. In this approach, banks are left alone to manage their own bad loans by giving them incentives, legislative powers, or special accounting or fiscal advantages.
 * A centralized approach takes the form of a central organization/agency such as a "bad bank" (also called "Asset Management Company").

Proactive measures to tackle NPLs include:
 * Impose more transparency on NPLs reporting by banks
 * Accounting framework (such as IFRS9)
 * Prudential Supervision of banks including the levels of capital requirements and buffers.
 * Proactive incentives for banks to offer forbearance to distressed consumers and other debt relief mechanisms
 * Setting up Asset Management Companies (AMCs) or bad banks . These companies use public or bank funds to remove NPAs from the bank books. For example, the Korea Asset Management Corporation purchased as much as 80% of bad loans at market rate following the Asian crises.
 * Fostering secondary markets for NPLs that can offer the mechanism and liquidity required to write off bad loans. Many companies see a business opportunity in buying NPL's. Buying NPL's from financial institutions with a discount, can be a lucrative business. Companies pay from 1% to 80% of the total loan and become the legal owner (creditor). The discount depends on the age of the loan, secured/ unsecured,  age debtor, personal/ commercial debt, area of residence, etc.
 * Securitization of NPLs (i.e. packaging a bulk of NPLs into a pooled financial product such as a covered bond or asset backed security) may help preserve the market value of the NPL package to a level closer to their nominal or real economic value, thus lessening the cost of selling NPLs for banks.
 * Corporate Governance

Non-performing loans in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis
Although the 2020 has seen an actual decrease of non performing loans, the issue is expected to represent a major challenge for the banking industry in the post-COVID-19 era. The ECB has warned that the amount of NPLs in the Eurozone could reach up to 1.4 trillions euros of bad loans, however academic literature suggest the future rise of NPLs will be primarily driven by the pace of the economic recovery after COVID-19, and in particular the level of unemployment. In the context of the COVID-19 crisis, the deactivation of debt payment moratoria and tax deferral are also likely to cause an increase of NPLs.

To prepare for the likely new wave of NPLs, the ECB Supervisory Board's chair Andrea Enria has proposed the creation of a European Bad Bank  and has imposed a ban on dividend distribution by banks, in a move to pressure banks to proactively tackle NPLs. The ECB has also indicated to work on the development of an "Amazon-style" platform to allow banks and investors to trade NPLs on a secondary market.

Meanwhile the European Commission has revised its action plan in December 2020 by focusing on speeding up the fostering of a secondary market for NPLs and to offer support for national Asset Management Companies. The proposal was met with criticism by civil society groups.

Non-performing property loans (NPPLs)
Non-performing property loans are found to lead to banking crises. The need to identify the relationships between macroeconomic factors and NPLs had been crucial for governments and financial institutions to monitor the economy and undertake necessary policies or decisions to control and reduce the number of NPPLs in the financial system. The economic crisis caused by a rise of NPPLs in any particular country had been known to spread to other economies, as seen in the United States of America’s subprime mortgage crisis. During the sub-prime mortgage crisis, the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) has gone through difficult periods of volatile NPPLs and the issue of NPPLs remains a major challenge amongst ASEAN member countries. Early research of NPLs was dominated by internal procedures and specific attributes of the lending banks in approving, controlling and monitoring the loans to ensure they remain active and not impaired. In recent years, research showed that property loans made up the highest percentage of NPLs in countries like Malaysia and US. This had refocused research into the how macroeconomic conditions affect non-performing property loans.

title: Non-performing loan


text:
Talk:Generation loss

A discussion of film would be great
There needs to be a subcategory of the analog section discussing generation loss in film. At what point is generation loss considered significant when you make a copy of a copy of a copy of a copy of some movie film? 100 generations? 5? Tempshill (talk) 16:39, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

Attribution
A reference was added, having been appropriated from the article Alvin Lucier. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 11:54, 29 September 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Generation loss


text: Talk:Voluntary migration

title: Talk:Voluntary migration


text:
Ahtanum View Corrections Center

Ahtanum View Corrections Center was Washington's convalescent hospital for convicts until the Dept. of Corrections closed the facility in 2010 due to budget cuts. It was where inmates with long-term care issues were incarcerated. These can be issues relating to age or long-term health-care needs. Since this facility closed, the inmates were relocated to a new medical housing unit at Coyote Ridge Corrections Center in Connell, Washington, as well as other prison facilities in the state depending on the level of medical care the individual inmates required at the time of transfer.

Located in Yakima, Washington, Ahtanum View is no longer open, except for the work release next door to the closed facility.

title: Ahtanum View Corrections Center


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Handschu agreement

The Handschu agreement is a set of guidelines that regulate police behavior in New York City with regard to political activity.

Background
In 1971, members of the Black Panther Party known as the Panther 21 were tried for conspiracy to blow up police stations and department stores. They were acquitted of all charges after only 90 minutes of jury deliberation. The trial revealed the extent to which the NYPD had infiltrated and kept dossiers on not only the Black Panthers and other radical groups, but also on anti-war groups, gay rights activists, educational reform advocates, religious groups, and civic organizations.

The Handschu agreement, or decree, was the result of a class-action lawsuit filed against the City of New York, its Police Commissioner and the Intelligence Division of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) on behalf of Barbara Handschu and fifteen other plaintiffs affiliated with various political or ideological associations and organizations, known as Handschu v. Special Services Division, 605 F.Supp. 1384, affirmed 787 F.2d 828. The plaintiffs claimed that "informers and infiltrators provoked, solicited and induced members of lawful political and social groups to engage in unlawful activities"; that files were maintained with respect to "persons, places, and activities entirely unrelated to legitimate law enforcement purposes, such as those attending meetings of lawful organizations"; and that information from these files was made available to academic institutions, prospective employers, licensing agencies and others. In addition, plaintiffs protested seven types of police misconduct: (1) the use of informers; (2) infiltration; (3) interrogation; (4) overt surveillance; (5) summary punishment; (6) intelligence gathering; and (7) electronic surveillance, and alleged that these police practices which punished and repressed lawful dissent had had a "chilling effect" upon the exercise of freedom of speech, assembly and association, that they violated constitutional prohibitions against unreasonable searches and seizures, and that they abridged rights of privacy and due process.

In 1985, the court found that police surveillance of political activity violated constitutional protections of free speech. This ruling resulted in a consent decree which prohibited the NYPD from engaging "in any investigation of political activity except through the … Intelligence Division [of the Police Department]" and required that any "such investigations shall be conducted" only in accordance with the Guidelines incorporated into the Decree. The Guidelines further prohibited the Intelligence Division from "commencing an investigation" into the political, ideological or religious activities of an individual or group unless "specific information has been received by the Police Department that a person or group engaged in political activity is engaged in, about to engage in or has threatened to engage in conduct which constitutes a crime…."

Provisions
According to the terms of the agreement, purely political activity can only be investigated by the Public Security Section (PSS) of the NYPD's Intelligence Division, and then only when the Section suspects criminal activity. When the PSS does suspect criminal activity on the part of political groups, it must obtain a warrant from the three-person Handschu Authority, a commission made up of two deputy commissioners and a mayor-appointed civilian.

The agreement also prohibits indiscriminate police videorecording and photographing of public gatherings when there is no indication that unlawful activity is occurring.

The department is also prohibited from sharing information pertaining to political activity with other law enforcement agencies unless those agencies agree to abide by the terms of the Handschu agreement.

The court order mandates the compiling of annual, publicly available reports listing the surveillance requests made by the NYPD and the number of such requests granted.

Current status
In 2002, the NYPD asked federal judge Charles S. Haight Jr., the judge who presided over the original case, to abrogate numerous provisions of the agreement, claiming that they inhibited the department's ability to prevent future terrorist attacks. The requests, if granted, would allow any branch of the department to investigate any political activity, even without suspicion of criminal activity, but only by accessing publicly available meetings and information "as members of the public." It would further allow the department to perform any type of surveillance of public gatherings deemed Constitutional, which is likely to include videorecording. The department also requested that the function of the Handschu authority be changed to investigating complaints of constitutional violations, which would take away the authority's power to oversee political investigations.

In regards to the requested changes, Police Commissioner Raymond W. Kelly said, "Today we live in a more dangerous, constantly changing world, one with challenges and threats that were never envisioned when the Handschu guidelines were written."

Chris Dunn of the New York Civil Liberties Union, called the proposal "troubling," stating that the NYPD "has no legitimate reason to spy on lawful political activity."

Former New York City mayor Ed Koch, previously a critic of police surveillance, agreed with the proposal to rescind large portions of the Handschu agreement. "That's the necessary cost of protecting the public in these times where we're dealing with terrorism," he said.

On February 11, 2003, Haight ruled that the NYPD should be permitted to modify the 1985 Decree, but not to the extent originally requested by the City. The judge instructed the city to adapt the U.S. Attorney General's Guidelines on General Crimes, Racketeering Enterprise and Terrorism Enterprise Investigations, issued by Attorney General John Ashcroft in May, 2002. This weakened the original decree in that a preliminary inquiry could be initiated when there is "information … which indicates the possibility of criminal activity."

In February 2007, Judge Haight ruled that the NYPD had violated the terms of the agreement by videotaping two demonstrations by advocates of the homeless, one in Harlem in March 2005, the other in front of New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg's house in December 2005. On June 13, 2007, Haight reversed the ruling, saying that attorneys for the city had provided new evidence indicating that the protestors may have been "disorderly." Lawyers for the demonstrators vowed to continue fighting to prove that the action was legal and peaceful.

title: Handschu agreement


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/At the Threshold of Liquid Geology

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete (pending; block-compress error). Mindspillage (spill yours?) 18:53, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

At the Threshold of Liquid Geology
Delete Vanity Dsmdgold 19:10, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Advertising and Spam,  Vanity Page, Non-Notable author.  The book, "At the Threshold of Liquid Geology" is published by iUniverse.com, where anyone can get there book published, yet this does not require the need for mention in an encyclopedia article since the book is already being sold online. Wikipedia is being used to promote this book, see the policy on advertising and spam. The author, Eric W.Bragg has 719 google hits, his website surrealcoconut pulls in a lot of internet traffic due to the use of meta-filters and mirrors along with aggressive internet promotion. Note that the website is a free do-it-yourself site. Keep in mind that this book is a commercial product written by an unknown and non-notable author, and this is an encyclopedia. Please keep that fact in mind when voting.Classicjupiter2 23:26, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete books published by vanity presses. —Korath (Talk) 23:59, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable vanity-press book. Amazon lists this book as being published by "Writers Advantage," which does indeed look to be a vanity press associated with (or an imprint of) iUniverse. Amazon sales rank: 628,953. android↔talk 00:01, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as advert, spam, and not notable. I tend to be pretty liberal when it comes to including published authors and their works, even obscure ones.  However, I don't feel that this extends to the vanity press, who will publish pretty much anything (for a fee, of course).  Wikipedia is NOT for the promotion of vanity-press books. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  00:02, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Query. How do you qualify a "real" author? Is an author who sells, say, 1000 books out of a major publisher given preference over one who sells twelve hundred out of a P.O.D. house, even though the non-mainstream author's sales would say he's more popular? How many books does an outsider author have to sell to warrant wikification? Iconoclast 23:35, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I can't quite speak for every wikipedian, but the general consensus is that vanity-press books don't count as published books, since as I mentioned they will publish (almost) anything for money. For works with actual literary merit, there's plenty of publishers out there, from mainstream to local to tiny indies, and anything remotely decent WILL get published if the author tries hard enough.  I hate to make harsh statements like "no real author would use a vanity press", but that's basically the truth.  Just ask any writer or anyone in publishing what their opinion of the vanity press is.  And I also don't support any arbitrary sales figure for notability of authors or books, 1000, 1200, 2000 copies, etc. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  12:41, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. Agree with android. --bainer 12:58, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Adds nothing knowledgeable, seems to be just a promotion, Vanity Bakudai
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Negation (comics)

Negation is a comic book series published by CrossGen. Tony Bedard was the writer for the entire run. Paul Pelletier was the artist for most of the issues, with an occasional fill-in artist on some issues.

Publication history
The series started with the Negation Prequel in December 2001. 27 regular issues followed the prequel. The series concerned a group of different alien races that had been taken prisoner and brought to the Negation universe. A number of the prisoners had innate superhuman powers while many, like Obregon Kaine, were ordinary humans. His tactical military experience made him able to lead the prisoners. He masterminded the plan that allowed a number of his fellow prisoners to escape the prison planet all of them were being held in. The series details the adventures which Kaine and the rest had in Negation space. The series ended with issue #27. CrossGen tried to wrap up all the dangling storylines in the Negation: War mini-series. CrossGen had to declare bankruptcy before the series could be finished. Only two issues of Negation: War were published.

In October 2004, writer Tony Bedard was quoted laying out a design for the future of the characters in an interview.

CrossGen released two trade paperback books which contained the first part of the series:
 * Negation Volume 1: BOHICA
 * Negation Volume 2: Baptism of Fire

Two more books were released on May 25, 2007:
 * Negation Volume 3: Hounded
 * Negation Volume 4: Shock and Awe

CrossGen Chronicles #7, Negation: Lawbringer, and the Mark of Charon mini-series were Negation-related books that CrossGen published. All stories were written by Tony Bedard and expand the universe created in the main Negation series.

Prisoners/Fugitives

 * Obregon Kaine - AKA "The Pest". Occupation: Captain of the Paladins; 24th armored air cavalry. The de facto leader of the group of fugitives due to his military and tactical expertise.
 * Evinlea - one of the race of gods known as The First from House Sinister. She eventually struck a deal with Charon, the god-emperor of the Negation Universe, to get back home and conquer it.
 * Lizard Lady - a female reptilian/humanoid scout (from the Sigil worlds) who stayed with Kaine until the very end of the series. At the end of the Negation series she, Kaine and Zaida are alone on a spaceship; the others having left them on a different ship hoping to hide in some planet in Negation Space. She provides the key to unlock the power of Zaida and her baby. Real name: Khlystek (from Know Your Negation, a character guide found in Negation TPB, vol II: Baptism of Fire).
 * Iress - halfbreed goddess. Born from a member of The First of House Dexter and a mortal. She hates Evinlea with good reason and she does not have nearly the power of Evinlea.
 * Matua - Home Planet: Ciress. Of the Djinn Guild (from the Mystic world) Matua is a skilled sorcerer and a master of a number of "djinn" spirits. He died valiantly fighting Lawbringer LKQR, sacrificing himself with a deadly spell in order to kill the creature.
 * Corrin - Origin: City/State of Atlantis, Earth. She believes that she sleeps in a stasis tube under the sea, and that being in the Negation universe is only a vivid dream. She is woken up to the reality of her life in Negation Space by Gammid (a fellow Atlantean).
 * Gammid - member of the Atlantean Race from Earth. Gammid and his brother Galvan first appeared in the comic book series Crux. Gammid came to Negation Space to guide a tribe of humans to a higher plane of existence. He was imprisoned by Charon for some time before being freed by the group as they rescued Zaida's baby Memi. Gammid was able to return all the powers of all the Sigil bearers (plus Evinlea) and he woke Corrin up to the reality of her situation. Gammid helped to kill Javi (after he returned from the dead) but was in turn sliced in half by one of Charon's elite inverse Sigil bearers.
 * Fluxor - native to Negation Space and a member of the near-extinct kremmin race. During the Negation occupation, seven worlds within the Kremmin Continuum were wiped out by Lawbringers. Occupation: Captain of the kremmin ship, the Outreach. Not very competent as a Captain, his character is very much a spoof of Captain Kirk/William Shatner from Star Trek.
 * Exor - native to Negation Space. Occupation: First Officer to Captain Fluxor. Compensates for his captain's deficiencies as a leader and an officer. He is killed on planet Senkiem along with the rest of the crew of the Outreach.
 * Calyx - Home: Torbel. Occupation: Seamstress. Pet: a vermin-like creature she calls "Foonie".
 * Thustra - a silent elf-like beauty, she does little in the series.
 * Thalia - mortal woman, she is given powers by Lord Kohm of The First, from House Dexter. She dies early.
 * Monchito - a strange little creature that was part of the group that was abducted into Negation Space. He is called "Monchito" because that is all he seems to say. He grows to enormous size in one episode of the comic.
 * Zaida - an orange-eyed modest young woman abducted from Lita City. She gave birth to a baby girl named Memi after being abducted into the Negation Universe and holds a secret.
 * Memi - an inexplicably indestructible infant, she is a daughter of Zaida and a man named Cobi.
 * Zamida - the combination of mother-daughter pair Zaida and Memi, Zamida is a part of a powerful entity living in the Crossgen Universe named Danik. This is the same entity who helped facilitate (through suggestion) the creation of the Sigil-bearers in order to fight the impending Negation invasion. She appears as a little girl in this state, resembling Zaida.

Sigil Bearers
It was revealed in the series that there were five Sigil-Bearers taken by the Negation, though apparently only four survived the "Extinction Wave", a weapon which rendered the prison planet into a burnt husk. The survivors are as follows:

 * Javi Cobian - Sigil Bearer with the ability to empower others and repair any damage done to their bodies. Home Planet: Larrinaga in the Hatorei System. Occupation: Doctor. Cobian is a man of faith, a member of the church of Dedition. Thought to have been killed by Lawbringer QZTR, Javi later resurfaced and lead the first of Charon's inverse Sigil (LIGIS) bearers. He is killed by Gammid and Kaine working together.
 * Mercer Drake - Sigil-bearer with the power to overcome any physical obstacle to attain a location or object. This power is immensely powerful though bizarre to contemplate. Occupation: self-proclaimed pirate. Mercer Drake is described as a "scourge of the skies... Most wanted man in the Kazrath System".
 * Westin - Sigil-bearer with the ability to see how technology is operated. Later it is revealed that he can see backwards in time. Occupation: Thief/Con Artist. He is not the most trusted member of the group.
 * Shassa - Sigil-bearer whose powers enable her to combat any enemy by feeding off portions of their strengths, though it only affects her and does not seem to weaken her opponents in any way. Her powers allowed her to hold her own in battle against both Evinlea and Lawbriner Qztr. Occupation: Constable

The fifth Sigil-bearer, a blue-skinned, blue-haired individual with the Sigil marked on the right side of his neck, was shown in the Negation Prequel, though his name and his abilities were never mentioned. He was apparently slain at the prison planet, possibly either by one of the warden's tests or during the deployment of the Extinction Wave weapon, which effectively annihilated the prison planet.

There was also a character in the prequel that bore a sigil on his shoulder.

Negation Military

 * Charon - God Emperor of the Negation. Called the "Mad God", he occupied the "negation" universe in 10,000 years with the Core Negation. He is currently assembling armies to conquer the "bright" universe, the motive being to restore order, as he claims he did for his current universe.
 * Qztr - said to be the first Lawbringer (the enforcer gods of Negation space) and Charon's most favored child.
 * Kryzorr - Occupation: Military Regent General SectorCom G1 of the Negation Imperium. He is a member of Core Negation, the initial group who followed Charon during his occupation of the "negation" universe, and themselves acquired differing degrees of power; Kryzzor's power is recognized by the aquamarine energy taking up the top half of his head.
 * Komptin - Occupation: High Castellan in the Negation Imperium, a position separate from the Core Negation. Home Planet: Kalima, native to Negation space. He becomes obsessed with capturing and destroying Obregon Kaine, much like Ahab obsesses over the white whale.
 * Murquade - Occupation: Negation General of the Battle Group Clarion and of Core Negation. He fought off and hunted "Transitioned" humans who came, from Earth's continent of Australia, to Negation space via a portal machine, giving them a bit of power (not unlike Murquade's own), marked by the jagged, light green energy emitting from various parts of their bodies. He is eventually destroyed by the Australians.

title: Negation (comics)


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Ptarmigan and Tom Mine

The Ptarmigan and Tom Mine were gold producers located in the Northwest Territories, Canada at Yellowknife. The property was staked by prospectors in 1936 and acquired by Cominco in 1938. The mine first produced between 1941 and 1942 but closed due to wartime restrictions. The old property was demolished in 1969–1970. A new company, Treminco Resources Limited, reopened the workings in 1985 and production from the Tom (62.5325°N, -114.19472°W) portal began in 1986 with material being trucked to Giant Mine. The old Ptarmigan (62.52083°N, -114.19583°W) mine shaft was dewatered and production began in 1987. A new mill was built at the property and was operational in July 1989. Low gold prices forced the company to close the mines in 1997. Total gold production has been approximately 120,000 ozt.

On February 2, 2010, Trivello Energy Corp., a publicly traded company on the TSX Venture Exchange in Canada under the trading symbol "TRV", announced it had acquired the Tom Gold Mine project including five claims of approximately 650 acre.

Trivello Energy Corp. changed its name to Equitas Resources Corp. and trades on the TSX Venture Exchange under the trading symbol "EQT".

title: Ptarmigan and Tom Mine


text:
Intercounty Baseball League

The Intercounty Baseball League (IBL) is a Canadian baseball league, comprising teams of college players and former professionals from North America and beyond. The teams are located in Southern Ontario.

The league was formed in 1919 and has enjoyed much success over its long history. Teams are run similar to a professional minor-league team, providing players an opportunity to play under the same conditions, using wooden bats and minor-league specification baseballs. Teams play 42 scheduled games from early May to late-August. The playoffs are best-of-five series with the championship series typically played around Labour Day. The most recent champions are the Welland Jackfish, who defeated the Barrie Baycats 4-2 in the 2023 Dominico Cup Final.

History
The Intercounty Baseball League (IBL) was founded in 1919 with just four cities represented — Galt, Guelph, Stratford and Kitchener, and is the oldest amateur men's league in Canada. During the early years, the league expanded to include the cities of Waterloo, Brantford, Preston, London, and St. Thomas.

It was previously known as the Intercounty Major Baseball League and the Senior Intercounty Baseball League. Teams compete for the Jack and Lynne Dominico Trophy, which is awarded to the league champions. The trophy is named for the late owners of the Toronto Maple Leafs baseball team, husband and wife Jack and Lynne Dominico.

All-Star Game
On July 8, 2006, in Barrie, the league's New Era IBL All-Star Classic game between the Barrie Baycats and the IBL All-Stars; Barrie won 7–2.

On August 21 and 22, 2010 in Ottawa, the Fat Cats hosted the New Era All-Star Classic between the IBL All-Stars and the All-Stars from Ligue de Baseball Senior Élite du Québec (LBSEQ).

Barrie hosted the league's All-Star Game on July 11, 2015, with the IBL All-Stars defeating Barrie Baycats 13–4.

Following a several-year hiatus the IBL announced they will be hosting a mid summer classic on July 20, 2024 in Welland.

Teams
* a game between Toronto and Kitchener on August 15, was rained out and not made up due to the game not having any effects on the standings

Source:

Champions
The winning team is awarded the Jack and Lynne Dominico Cup.

Other awards presented include:

 * Rawlings IBL Player of the Year Award/John Bell Memorial Trophy
 * IBL Rookie of the Year/Brian Kerr Memorial Trophy

Notable players

 * John Axford (Brantford Red Sox) – Milwaukee Brewers, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Indians, Pittsburgh Pirates, Colorado Rockies, Oakland Athletics, Los Angeles Dodgers, Toronto Blue Jays
 * Don Beaupre (Waterloo Tigers) – Minnesota North Stars
 * Todd Betts (Barrie Baycats) - Yakult Swallows
 * Tom Burgess
 * Matthew Hilderbrandt (Welland Jackfish)† (London Majors) - St. Louis Cardinals
 * Rich Butler (Toronto Maple Leafs) – Toronto Blue Jays, Tampa Bay Devil Rays
 * Rob Butler (Toronto Maple Leafs) – Toronto Blue Jays, Philadelphia Phillies
 * Frank Colman† (London Majors) – Pittsburgh Pirates, New York Yankees
 * Scott Diamond (Guelph Royals) – Minnesota Twins, Toronto Blue Jays
 * Rob Ducey† (Cambridge) Phillies, Toronto Blue Jays, California Angels, Texas Rangers, Nippon-Ham Fighters, Seattle Mariners, Philadelphia Phillies, Montreal Expos
 * Wilmer Fields (Brantford Red Sox) 1939–50 – Homestead Grays
 * Mike Gardiner (Stratford Hillers) Detroit Tigers, Boston Red Sox, Montreal Expos, Seattle Mariners 1990–1995
 * Ferguson Jenkins† (London Majors) Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, Texas Rangers, Boston Red Sox (1991 National Baseball Hall of Fame inductee)
 * Mike Kilkenny (London Majors) – Detroit Tigers
 * Joe Krakauskas (Brantford Red Sox) 1937–46 – Washington Senators & Cleveland Indians
 * Larry Landreth (Stratford Hillers) – Montreal Expos
 * Lester Lockett (Kitchener) – Baltimore Elite Giants
 * Roy McKay (London Majors) – Detroit Tigers
 * Denny McLain (London Majors) – Detroit Tigers, Washington Senators, Oakland Athletics, Atlanta Braves
 * Jesse Orosco (Galt Terriers) – New York Mets, Los Angeles Dodgers, Cleveland Indians, Milwaukee Brewers, Baltimore Orioles, St. Louis Cardinals, San Diego Padres, New York Yankees, Minnesota Twins
 * Pete Orr (Toronto Maple Leafs) – Atlanta Braves, Washington Nationals, Philadelphia Phillies
 * Lester B. Pearson† (Guelph Maple Leafs) – Prime Minister of Canada (22 April 1963 – 20 April 1968)
 * Dalton Pompey (Guelph Royals) - Toronto Blue Jays
 * Goody Rosen† (Galt Terriers) – Brooklyn Dodgers, New York Giants
 * Dave Rozema (London Majors) – Detroit Tigers
 * Chris Speier (Stratford) – San Francisco Giants, St. Louis Cardinals, Minnesota Twins, Chicago Cubs & Montreal Expos
 * Paul Spoljaric (Toronto Maple Leafs, Barrie Baycats) – Toronto Blue Jays, Seattle Mariners, Philadelphia Phillies, Kansas City Royals
 * Ron Stead† (Brantford Red Sox) – 1967 Pan American Games
 * Fred Thomas† (Kitchener Panthers) – Wilkes-Barre Barons, Cincinnati Crescents (basketball), Toronto Argonauts (CFL)
 * Rob Thomson† (Stratford Hillers) – Detroit Tigers
 * Scott Thorman (Brantford Red Sox) – Atlanta Braves
 * Jimmy Wilkes (Brantford Red Sox) – Negro leagues: Newark Eagles, Houston Eagles, Indianapolis Clowns

† Player is an inductee of the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame

Notable executives

 * Bob Ferguson, league statistician (1958 to 1966) and owner of the London Pontiacs (1963 to 1964)

title: Intercounty Baseball League


text:
MIT BBS

MIT BBS was a Chinese-language bulletin board system website. The name "Weiming" may also refer to the Weiming Lake at Peking University campus.

History
The forum was founded in 1997 by Chinese students studying at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under bbs.mit.edu.

In 2002, the Chinese government blocked access to the entire mit.edu domain. Some have speculated that the main reason was to prevent domestic users from accessing the uncensored political discussions on this forum.

In 2004, to circumvent the block in place in China, a self-censored branch mitbbs.cn was opened to facilitate access by users in China.

Currently there were about 300 topic groups. The website claimed that it had hundreds of thousands of registered users, most of whom were Overseas Chinese, and 51% of their internet traffic was generated from within the US.

In July 2022, MIT BBS ceased operations. Other similar websites such as usmitbbs.com, newmitbbs.com, wmkj.org, weiming.info and freeblueplanet.com emerged.

Administration
After moving out of mit.edu, it was then managed by a company located in Beijing, China. Under the current administrator walklooktalk, in the last several years it saw accelerated commercialization, with more prominent space reserved for advertisers, as well as the creation of a spin-off website devoted to personal advertisement.

title: MIT BBS


text: Talk:Hans Riegel

title: Talk:Hans Riegel


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rajanism

Rajanism Possibly vanity, it might also be an insult to the founder because of the sentance  We celebrate Rajanism New Years by smacking Rajan and his pig in their face. Howabout1 23:32, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Total nonsense. I speedy deleted it; it had already been speedied once a couple days ago.  No need for a VfD on a "religion" that celebrates New Year's "every three days" by smacking a man and his pig.  Postdlf 23:38, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Soadman92

— Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ)  23:33, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Soadman92


text: User talk:69.168.163.125

title: User talk:69.168.163.125


text: User talk:216.214.100.185

title: User talk:216.214.100.185


text:
Al Reach

Alfred James Reach (May 25, 1840 – January 14, 1928) was an Anglo-American sportsman who was one of the early stars of baseball in the National Association. After his playing career, he went on to become an influential executive, publisher, sporting goods manufacturer, and spokesman for the sport. He was influential in the founding of the Philadelphia Phillies in 1875.

Early life
Reach was born in London, on May 25, 1840.

Career
Reach was a regular for the champion Eckford club in Brooklyn in the early 1860s before moving to the Philadelphia Athletics in 1865. When the National Association began, he helped them win the first professional baseball pennant in 1871.

Upon his retirement from playing in 1875, he helped found the Philadelphia Phillies franchise. Reach served as team president from 1883 to 1899. Later, similarly to Albert Spalding, Reach formed a sporting goods company and earned millions. In fact, he sold his company to Spalding in 1889. Reach was the trade name used on the game balls for the American League until 1976.

Reach kept his interest in the Phillies franchise, selling to a syndicate led by James Potter in 1903.

Death
Reach died at age 87 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and is interred at West Laurel Hill Cemetery in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.

Legacy
A Pennsylvania historical marker was dedicated on April 4, 2003 at 1820 Chestnut Street in Philadelphia for Reach's contribution to baseball.

title: Al Reach


text:
Green anaconda

The green anaconda (Eunectes murinus), also known as the giant anaconda, emerald anaconda, common anaconda, common water boa, or southern green anaconda, is a semi-aquatic boa species found in South America and the Caribbean island of Trinidad. It is the largest, heaviest, and second longest snake in the world, after the reticulated python. No subspecies are currently recognized. Like all boas, it is a non-venomous constrictor.

The term "anaconda" often refers to this species, though the term could also apply to other members of the genus Eunectes. Fossils of the snake date back to the Late Pleistocene in the Gruta do Urso locality.

Taxonomy
In the famous 10th edition of Systema Naturae of 1758, Carl Linnaeus cited descriptions by Albertus Seba and by Laurens Theodorus Gronovius to erect the distinct species murina of his new genus Boa, which contained eight other species, including Boa constrictor. The generic name Boa came from an ancient Latin word for a type of large snake. The first specimens of Boa murina were of immature individuals from 2.5 to 3.0 ft in length. In 1830, Johann Georg Wagler erected the separate genus Eunectes for Linnaeus's Boa murina after more and larger specimens were known and described. Because of the masculine gender of Eunectes, the feminine Latin specific name murina was changed to murinus and that stayed like ″"murinus" forever.

Linnaeus almost certainly chose the scientific name Boa murina based on the original Latin description given by Albertus Seba in 1735: "Serpens testudinea americana, murium insidiator" [tortoise-patterned (spotted) American snake, a predator that lies in wait for mice (and rats)]. The Latin adjective murinus (murina) in this case would mean "of mice" or "connected with mice", understood in context as "preying on mice", and not as "mouse-gray-colored", another possible meaning of Latin murinus, as now often wrongly indicated for E. murinus.

Early English-language sources, such as George Shaw, referred to the Boa murina as the "rat boa". The Penny Cyclopaedia (Vol. 5) entry for boa explained: "The trivial name murina was given to it from being said to lie in wait for mice." Linnaeus described the appearance of the Boa murina in Latin as rufus maculis supra rotundatis [reddish-brown with rounded spots on upper parts] and made no reference to a gray coloration. Early descriptions of the green anaconda by different authors variously referred to the general color like brown, glaucous, green, or gray.

Common names for E. murinus include green anaconda, anaconda, common anaconda, and water boa.

Description
The green anaconda is the world's heaviest and one of the world's longest snakes, reaching a length of up to 5.21 m long. More typical mature specimens reportedly can range up to 5 m, with adult females, with a mean length of about 4.6 m, being generally much larger than the males, which average around 3 m. Weights are less well studied, though reportedly range from 30 to 80 kg in a typical adult.

It is the largest snake native to the Americas. Although it is slightly shorter than the reticulated python, it is far bulkier. The bulk of a 5.2 m green anaconda is comparable to that of a 7.4 m reticulated python. Reports of anacondas 35 - 40 ft or even longer also exist, but such claims must be regarded with caution, as no specimens of such lengths have ever been deposited in a museum and hard evidence is lacking. The longest and heaviest verified specimen encountered by Dr. Jesús Antonio Rivas, who had examined more than 1,000 anacondas, was a female 5.21 m long and weighing 97.5 kg. In 1937, a specimen shot in Guyana was claimed to have measured 5.9 m long and weighed 163 kg.

The color pattern consists of an olive green background overlaid with black blotches along the length of the body. The head is narrow compared to the body, usually with distinctive orange-yellow striping on either side. The eyes are set high on the head, allowing the snake to see out of the water while swimming without exposing its body. The anaconda's jaw bones splay open at the front because they are loosely connected. This allows it to swallow prey larger than the size of its head. The windpipe in its mouth allows it to breathe while swallowing its prey. Its largest organ is the liver. The digestion process takes many days to complete. During this time the anaconda behaves very sluggishly.

Difficulties in determining maximum size of anacondas
The remote location of the snake's habitat has historically made locating, capturing, and returning specimens difficult. Transporting very large specimens to museums, especially before substantial decay, is difficult, though this has not prevented the return of much larger and more cumbersome crocodilian specimens. Skins can stretch substantially, increasing the snake's size by more than 50% if stretched during the tanning process.

Reports without physical proof are considered dubious if from non-scientists, as such individuals may at worst be more interested in promoting themselves or telling a good tale, or at the least may not be sufficiently trained in proper measurement methods. Observational reports of animals which were not captured are even more dubious, as even trained scientists often substantially overestimate the size of anacondas prior to capture. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, this species has been perhaps subject to the most extreme size exaggerations of any living animal.

Historical records
Numerous historical accounts of green anacondas are reported, often of improbable sizes. Several zoologists, notably Henry Walter Bates and Alfred Russel Wallace, among others, note rumors of snakes beyond 30 or long, but in each case, their direct observations were limited to snakes around 20 ft in length. Numerous estimates and second-hand accounts abound, but are generally considered unreliable. To prove the point of overestimating, in Guyana in 1937, zoologist Alpheus Hyatt Verrill asked the expedition team he was with to estimate the length of a large, curled-up anaconda on a rock. The team's guesses ran from 6.1 to 18.3 m. When measured, this specimen was found to be 5.9 m.

Almost all specimens in excess of 6 m, including a much-publicized specimen allegedly 11.36 m long, have no voucher specimens including skins or bones.

The skin of one specimen, stretched to 10 m, has been preserved in the Instituto Butantan in São Paulo and is reported to have come from an anaconda of 7.6 m in length. While in Colombia in 1978, herpetologist William W. Lamar had an encounter with a large female specimen 7.5 m long, estimated to weigh between 136 and 180 kg. In 1962, W. L. Schurz claimed to have measured a snake in Brazil of 8.46 m with a maximum girth of 112 cm.

One female, reportedly measuring 7.9 m in length, shot in 1963 in Nariva Swamp, Trinidad, contained a 1.5 m caiman. A specimen of 7.3 m, reportedly with a weight of 149 kg, was caught at the mouth of the Kassikaityu River in Guyana, having been restrained by 13 local men, and was later air-lifted for a zoo collection in the United States, but died in ill health shortly thereafter. The largest size verified for E. murinus in captivity was for a specimen kept in Pittsburgh Zoo and PPG Aquarium, which grew to a length of 6.27 m by the time she died on July 20, 1960. When this specimen was 5.94 m long, she weighed 91 kg.

The estimated weight for an anaconda in the range of 8 m would be at least 200 kg. National Geographic has published a weight up to 227 kg for E. murinus, but this is almost certainly a mere estimation. Weight can vary considerably in large specimens depending on environmental conditions and recent feedings, with Verrill's aforementioned specimen, having been extremely bulky, scaled at 163 kg, whereas another specimen considered large at 5.06 m, weighed only 54 kg.

Estimates of maximal size
Size presents challenges to attain breeding condition in larger female anacondas. While larger sizes provide the benefit of a larger number of offspring per clutch, the breeding frequency of the individuals reduces with size, indicating that a point exists at which the advantage of a larger clutch size is negated by the female no longer being able to breed. For the anaconda, this limit was estimated at 6.7 m in total length. This is consistent with the results of a revision of the size at maturity and maximum size of several snakes from North America, which found that the maximum size is between 1.5 and 2.5 times the size at maturity.

The minimum size of breeding anacondas in a survey of 780 individuals was 2.1 m in snout–vent length, indicating that maximum size attained by anacondas following this pattern would be 5.3 m in snout–vent length. However, most anacondas are captured from the llanos, which is more accessible to humans and has smaller prey available, while the rainforest, which is much less explored and has more plentiful large prey, may be home to larger snakes.

The green anaconda is an apex predator, positioning them at the top of the food chain.

Distribution and habitat
Eunectes murinus is found in South America east of the Andes, in countries including Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, the island of Trinidad, and as far south as northern Paraguay. The type locality given is "America".

In April 2021, green anacondas were added to Florida's list of prohibited nonnative species. eleven green anacondas have been verifiably observed in the wild in Florida, including one juvenile found in the Florida Everglades. The range of these specimens, some of which were able to evade capture, spans from Gainesville to Homestead, Florida - a distance of over 350 mi. Florida is the only state in the continental United States with suitable habitat for the species.

While individual specimens have been observed or captured in Florida dating back to 2010, there is no known established population. However, the ecological, economic, and safety risks posed by their existence in the state are deemed 'very high' by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, with the ecological threat reaching the extreme risk level, as introduced anacondas are apex predators, able to compete with Florida's native species.

Anacondas live in swamps, marshes, lagoons, and slow-moving streams and rivers, mainly in the tropical rainforests and seasonally flooded savannas of the Amazon and Orinoco basins. They are cumbersome on land, but stealthy and sleek in the water. Their eyes and nasal openings are on top of their heads, allowing them to lie in wait for prey while remaining nearly completely submerged.

Behavior
Anacondas are mostly nocturnal and aquatic. They float underwater and are known to swim quickly. Their eyes and nose are located on the top of the head, allowing the snake to breathe and watch for prey while the rest of the body is hidden underwater. When prey passes by or stops to drink, the anaconda strikes, without eating or swallowing it, and coils around it with its body, then constricts and suffocates the prey to death.

Feeding
Anacondas are apex predators with a wide variety of prey, almost anything they can overpower, including fish, amphibians, birds, various mammals and other reptiles. Particularly large anacondas may consume tapirs, deer, peccaries, capybaras, jaguars, and caimans, but such large meals are rare. Juvenile anacondas feed on small birds and young caiman typically 40–70 grams in weight. As they develop, their diet becomes increasingly complex. Prey availability varies more in grasslands than in river basins.

In both habitats green anacondas have been found to feed on large prey, usually 14% to 50% of their own mass. Examples of prey include broad-snouted caimans, spectacled caimans, yacare caimans, black caimans, smooth-fronted caimans, wattled jacanas, capybaras, red-rumped agoutis, collared peccaries, South American tapirs, boa constrictors, brown-banded water snakes, green iguanas, cryptic golden tegus, scorpion mud turtles, gibba turtles, Arrau turtles, savanna side-necked turtles, red side-necked turtles, and northern pudús. Capybaras are common prey for the green anaconda.

Large prey occasionally causes serious injuries and death. This risk is likely reduced when anacondas can drown the prey. Some feed on carrion and conspecifics, usually inside or around water. Large anacondas can go weeks to months without food after a large meal, because they have a low metabolism. Females have increased postpartum feeding to recover from their reproductive investment.

Many local stories and legends report anacondas feeding on humans, but there is little evidence of this. Cannibalism among green anacondas is known. Most recorded cases involving a larger female consuming a smaller male. Scientists hypothesize several explanations, including the great sexual dimorphism of the species, and a female's need for food after breeding to sustain the long gestation. The nearby male simply provides the opportunistic female a ready source of nutrition.

Reproduction
Individuals are solitary until the mating season, which occurs during the rainy season, and can last several months, usually from April to May. Typically, females leave pheromone trails for males to follow, but how males track it is unclear. It may be that the pheromone is airborne. This theory is supported by the observation of females that remain motionless, while many males move towards them from all directions. Male anacondas also often flick their tongues to sense chemicals that signal the presence of a female.

Often many males find the same female and wrap around her to copulate with her. Such a "breeding ball" of up to 12 males can stay in this position for two to four weeks as males wrestle in slow-motion to mate with the female.

During mating, males use their spurs to arouse the female. They aggressively press their cloacal regions hard against the female body, while continuously scratching her with their spurs. This can produce a scratching sound. Mating approaches its climax when the stimulus of the males' spurs induces the female to raise her cloacal region, allowing the cloacae of the two snakes to move together. The male then coils his tail around the female, and they copulate. Often, the strongest and largest male wins, but the females may choose another male as they are much larger and stronger. Courtship and mating occur almost exclusively in water.

Mating is followed by a gestation period of six to seven months. The species is ovoviviparous, with females giving birth to live young. Litters usually consist of 20 to 40 offspring, although as many as 100 may be produced. After giving birth, females may lose up to half their weight.

Neonates are around 70 - 80 cm long and receive no parental care. Because of their small size, they often fall prey to other animals. If they survive, they grow quickly until sexual maturity in a few years, then grow more slowly.

When no males are available, facultative parthenogenesis is possible, producing viable homozygous litter. In 2014, green anaconda in West Midland Safari Park gave birth to three young through parthenogenesis.

Longevity
Green anacondas in the wild live for about 10 years. In captivity, they can live 30 years or more. The 2023 Guinness Book of World Records for the oldest living snake in captivity is a green anaconda aged 37 years 317 days, verified on 14 May 2021 by Paul Swires, at Montecasino Bird & Reptile Park in Johannesburg, South Africa.

In popular culture
Anacondas have been portrayed in horror literature and films, often incredibly gigantic, agile and with the ability to swallow adult humans. These traits are occasionally attributed to other species, such as the Burmese python and the reticulated python, but to less extent than to the green anaconda. Despite having the capability to overpower a man, there is no verified evidence of this species consuming humans, unlike the reticulated python. This is possibly because large specimens inhabit remote areas deep inside the Amazon jungle, which is isolated from humans, unlike the python in Asia. Among the most popular of such films are the 1997 film Anaconda and its four sequels.

title: Green anaconda


text:
Lindsay and Crouse

Lindsay and Crouse was the writing team of Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse, who collaborated famously on a succession of Broadway plays and musicals for 27 years during the mid 20th century. Their first collaboration was the rewriting of the book for the Cole Porter musical Anything Goes in 1935. They continued to co-pen books for Broadway musicals through 1962, including Rodgers and Hammerstein's The Sound of Music in 1959. They also penned several successful comedies; notably winning the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1945 for their original play State of the Union. Several of their works were adapted into motion pictures. The team also co-produced the original production of Arsenic and Old Lace by playwright Joseph Kesselring.

Shared work
Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse first collaborated on the rewriting of the book of Anything Goes (1934) which became a major hit and has been frequently revived. They co-authored the books for several musicals with prominent composers and lyricists, including the books for Cole Porter's Red, Hot and Blue (1936), Yip Harburg and Harold Arlen's Hooray for What! (1937), Irving Berlin's Call Me Madam (1950), Harold Karr's Happy Hunting (1956), and Rodgers and Hammerstein's The Sound of Music (1959). Their last collaboration was the 1962 Irving Berlin musical, Mr. President.

They wrote the play Life with Father, which opened in 1939 and starred Lindsay and his wife Dorothy Stickney. It ran for over seven years to become the longest-running non-musical play on Broadway. Other original Broadway plays they penned together included Strip for Action (1942), Life With Mother (1948), Remains to Be Seen (1951), The Prescott Proposals (1953), The Great Sebastians (1956), and Tall Story (1959). In 1946, they were awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for their 1945 play, State of the Union.

In addition to writing the books for Broadway shows, they were also "show doctors" who were asked to come and improve Broadway shows in out-of-town tryouts, assisting the director and author of the show to improve the script. They also co-produced the original production of the play Arsenic and Old Lace which ran on Broadway from 1941 through 1944.

Many of Lindsay and Crouse's plays and librettos for musicals were adapted into films, usually by other Hollywood screenwriters. The duo did co-author the screenplay for the 1936 film version of Anything Goes, starring Bing Crosby. Other films adapted from their musical books include the 1953 film Call Me Madam, starring Ethel Merman, and the 1965 film The Sound of Music, starring Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer. Film adaptations of their plays include Life with Father (1947, starring William Powell, Irene Dunne, and Elizabeth Taylor), State of the Union (1948, starring Katharine Hepburn, Spencer Tracy, and Angela Lansbury) Remains to Be Seen (1953, starring June Allyson and Van Johnson), and Tall Story (1960, starring Anthony Perkins and Jane Fonda).

Crouse named his daughter, the actress Lindsay Crouse, after his longstanding partner.

title: Lindsay and Crouse