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Pic River

The Pic River is a river in the east part of Thunder Bay District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. It flows from McKay Lake southeast of the community of Longlac and empties into Lake Superior southeast of the town of Marathon.

Course
The river begins at an elevation of 321 m at Outlet Bay at the southeast of McKay Lake, about 10 km west of the community of Caramat and 3 km southwest of the Canadian National Railway mainline, flowing south out of the lake over McKay Lake Dam. It heads over the Bigrock Rapids to Sagiwatan Lake, then further south over the Deadman Rapids to Waboosekon Lake. The river passes out of the lake over Waboosekon Lake Dam, turns southeast, passes over the High Falls and Middle Falls, and takes in the left tributary White Otter River.

The Pic heads south over the Manitou Falls and takes in the right tributary Kagiano River. It continues south, passes under Ontario Highway 17 and enters the Pic River 50 Indian reserve of the Ojibways of the Pic River First Nation. The Pic River passes their community of Heron Bay, where it is crossed by the Canadian Pacific Railway mainline, takes in the left tributary Black River, passes the Ojibways of the Pic River First Nation community of Pic River, and reaches its mouth at Lake Superior. A beach and system of sand dunes are found at the mouth.

History
Fort Pic was a trading post founded in 1789 by Gabriel Cotté in partnership with John Grant and Maurice-Régis Blondeau. Its greatest prosperity was in 1799-1815 under Baptiste Perreault, In 1805 there were 16 men, 2 women and 3 children in the fort and 148 Indigenous people in the vicinity. Louis Agassiz visited in 1847. After 1865 only a minimal operation was maintained. It was abandoned in 1914. The site was on the west bank about 150 yards above the river mouth on a flat 16 feet above the normal water level. A lumber camp was built here in 1930. Archaeologists found traces of the fort in 1964. The well, which is still in use, appears to be the original one. There is a government marker.

In later years the Pic was used to transport 8 foot pulp logs to Heron Bay, where they were assembled in booms and towed to Marathon. Marathon Paper operated a pulp mill at Marathon using timber that was driven down the Pic each spring. The Marathon Corporation was purchased by American Can, and in 1982 by the James River Paper Company. The Pic river drive was phased out and trucks were employed in lieu of the water based system that was in place for many years. The woodlands that furnished wood for the mill at Marathon were delineated by the Pic watershed. In the early years woodsmen walked from Marathon after their hire, following trails blazed along the Pic river to camps built to provide wood for the mill. Walkers went from the mill to the camps taking mail and gathering statistics on wood cut and hauled by horses to the river. During the early years all wood was 'driven' in the spring, down the Pic and White Otter rivers. In later years roads supplanted the trails, but until 1982 there was a Camp near the White Otter River operated by American Can. Dynamite caches were located at strategic places along the river so that log jams could be cleared.

Etymology
Two possibilities exist for the origin of the name of the river. It may be from either Ojibwe bikodinaa or French meaning "be a high ground" for the promontory found at the mouth of the river, or from the corruption of the Ojibwe "pekatek" or "mud", which describes its silty water.

Hydroelectricity development
Small scale hydroelectricity developments have been proposed for sites at High Falls and Manitou Falls by the Ojibways of the Pic River First Nation. These would tie in to the transmission line from an existing development on the Kagiano River at Twin Falls, a development just upstream of that river's mouth with the Pic River.

Tributaries

 * Black River
 * Camp 14 Creek (right)
 * Spruce Creek (left)
 * Goodchild Creek (left)
 * Lacobeer Creek (right)
 * Jim Creek (right)
 * Little Joe Creek (right)
 * Huck Creek (right)
 * Cirrus Creek (left)
 * Dewey Creek (right)
 * Nama Creek (left)
 * Slingshot Creek (left)
 * Kagiano River (right)
 * White Otter River (left)
 * Hagarty Creek (left)
 * Deadman Creek (right)
 * Dianthus Creek (right)
 * Kaboosa Creek (left)
 * Bluejay Creek (left)
 * Mustela Creek (right)
 * Bambino Creek (right)

title: Pic River


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Bontddu

is a small settlement just east of Barmouth, near the town of Dolgellau in Gwynedd, Wales. It is in the community of Llanelltyd.

Description
Bontddu consists of a small collection of dwellings, a former chapel and a pub called The Halfway House which closed many years ago and is now boarded up. The settlement is notable as it is the location of Clogau St David's gold mine that traditionally supplies gold for royal wedding rings.

Events
In 1997 the tanks at Bontddu petrol station leaked which caused a fireball and evacuation.

Tourism
Local tourism information describes a popular walk in the area of Bontddu:
 * 'follows the 100 metre contour line along the estuary to the East of Borthwnog. Directly behind us walk up into the RSPB (Garth Gell) reserve and on up toward Cwm Mynach and beyond to the wilds of the Harlech Dome. Bear left from the latter path and double back behind the village of Bontddu and join the old drovers track across to Pont Scethin which allegedly was the scene of many highway robberies in the 17th century'.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bontddu


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Log/Yesterday

 if page isn't updating.


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User talk:Fox1/Archive1

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Welcome, newcomer!

Here are some useful tips to ease you into the Wikipedia experience:

 * First, take a look at the Wikipedia Tutorial, and perhaps dabble a bit in the test area.
 * When you have some free time, take a look at the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines. They can come in very handy!
 * Remember to use a neutral point of view!
 * If you need any help, feel free to post a question at the Help Desk
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Also, here are some odds and ends that I find useful from time to time:

 * Policy Library
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Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can most easily reach me by posting on my talk page.

You can sign your name on any page by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~~~~.

Best of luck, and have fun!

ClockworkTroll 23:25, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

U.S. Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance
Thanks for cleaning up the U.S. Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance article! I tried to start on it, but there's so much information there, and I know very little about military divisions or weapons designation so the acronyms sort-of swam before my eyes. It looks good now.

So where were you stationed? – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 03:15, Mar 20, 2005 (UTC)

U.S. Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance
Fox1,

Thank you for bringing it to my attention the existence of the article at www.specialforces.com. I was unaware of this rather serious problem.

Please read my update in the Discussion of the article for more information. I am almost certain it is they, not us, who plagiarized. I know this is hard to prove, unless I can show you that this article was created before, perhaps, www.specialforces.com's article appeared. The words on that article I am just so certain were mine.

It is always nice to see former military on Wiki. Please, visit my user page to see a few projects that your knowledge might extend handily upon.

Again, thank you for your vigilance,

Semper Fi,

Simon, Tin soldier 04:02, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism by 204.92.192.254
Thanks for reverting the vandalism on Terri Schiavo. I have now blocked 204.92.192.254 (talk · contributions) for 24 hours for repeated vandalism and ignoring warnings. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 16:21, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Whack-a-Mole logic game
He is a persistent varmint, I'll give him that. ;) FuelWagon 13:09, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I'd like to applaude your comments on the subject of Talk:Terri Schiavo:Life Prolonging Procedures. Please help with the Talk:Terri Schiavo/Mediation effort.  We need more reasonable voices.--ghost 16:04, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)

RFC
I have filed a request for comment on NCdave. You can visit the page by going here. I have left this message on your talk page since you have been involved in the dispute resolution process regarding his edits in the past. Mike H 11:32, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

Fox, thanks for the explanation of RFC. ;) FuelWagon 13:59, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I have asked for disciplinary measures against NCDave on Talk:Terri Schiavo/Mediation. I ask for your support.--ghost 20:22, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Mediator's Announcement
You are invited to participate in the Mediation regarding the Terry Schiavo article. Initial discussion is beginning at Talk:Terri Schiavo/Mediation. -- Uncle Ed (talk) 20:28, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

RFC on SlimVirgin
I have filed a request for comment on SlimVirgin. You can visit the page by going here. FuelWagon 22:14, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Open gaming
Thanks for your comments on the Talk:Open gaming article. Whether or not you agree with me, just having someone else reading the article and trying to understand the facts of the matter is a relief. -- BBlackmoor (talk) 02:59, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Incidentally, freeroleplay.org is Axon's web site. -- BBlackmoor (talk) 13:14, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism
Thanks for keeping my page clean, Fox. SlimVirgin (talk) 19:27, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Test
Fox1 (talk) 12:30, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

You are a slave to tradition.
Anyone who uses "rv vandalism" in an edit summary does not need a welcome message, I think. Have a good one! Hipocrite - « Talk » 16:19, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

 * You asked me to call you a slave to tradition! Actually, I think you're just nicer than me. Hipocrite - « Talk » 18:20, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

Prussian Blue
Hi! I felt that the text about Zyklon-B was too far fetched and based on no evidence. I wrote something about it at Talk:Prussian_Blue_%28American_duo%29. Lapinmies 16:53, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Fox1/Archive1


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User:Vhex

test

title: User:Vhex


text:
Talk:Rand McNally

Untitled
The Simpsons episode is not the only place in fiction where writing on maps has been mistaken for, or used to stand for, actual geography.

In the movie Five graves in Cairo, General Rommel hides five ammunition and food deposits in Egypt at exactly the places where the letters E G Y P T appear on his map.

An European comic book, whose name I forget, shows that the letters A T L A N T, appearing on a map of the Atlantic Ocean, actually represent real islands in the shape of the letters. The heroes of the story travel to each island in turn. — J I P | Talk 10:20, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

First numbered highways?
I have removed the following line:
 * In 1917, they introduced the concept of numbering roads, which state and federal authorities adopted across the country.

I did some searching and cannot find a reference for this. The first numbering (at least in the US) was in 1917, in Wisconsin, but nothing indicates Rand McNally helped. --SPUI (talk) 14:34, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Re-added. Originally on their company site, now here;
 * By 1917, the Company had implemented a road numbering system for Illinois that is still used today (including Route 66). The Rand McNally Auto Chum, the original Road Atlas, was published in 1924.
 * Jokestress 7 July 2005 04:11 (UTC)
 * Route 66 was given its number in 1926. --SPUI (talk) 7 July 2005 08:26 (UTC)
 * See also
 * Around 1917 saw the beginning of the Auto Trails system of creating routes initiated by Rand McNally. [ http://www.mapsofpa.com/roadgen1.htm]
 * Jokestress 7 July 2005 04:13 (UTC)
 * The National Auto Trail system was complately separate, and had nothing to do with numbers. --SPUI (talk) 7 July 2005 08:26 (UTC)

And last but not least from randmcnally.com:
 * 1917 - Rand McNally introduces the concept of identifying roads by number, debuting on a road map of Illinois. State and federal authorities subsequently adopt this system and it is still used today.
 * Jokestress 7 July 2005 04:21 (UTC)
 * This seems to be apocryphal information - companies often claim things like this. says that Wisconsin was first.  says that Illinois was numbered in 1918. I'm removing it again - Rand McNally is not exactly an unbiased source, and I have doubts about its accuracy in this case. --SPUI (talk) 7 July 2005 08:26 (UTC)

According to Rand McNally maps didn't show numbers in Illinois until the 1920s. --SPUI (talk) 7 July 2005 09:01 (UTC)
 * Agree on the change. Though it would be accurate and NPOV to say "according to their site," and then adding the statement, I have just sent a note to their communications firm requesting evidence of this claim. Jokestress 7 July 2005 16:22 (UTC)

What is the cite for the installation of route markers? Dnrothx —Preceding undated comment was added at 22:16, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

Word Usage: Jocular
The article states that "[t]he company has always been named "Rand McNally," but is sometimes jocularly referred to as "Rand and McNally," as in the opening to O. Henry's story, A Municipal Report" Is there some reference I am missing here which makes the use of the word "jocularly" make sense? I would submit that "colloquially" is the more appropriate word usage here. [[User:Lumenpetere|Lumenpetere}} 11 November 2005 12:17 (UTC)
 * It was jarring when I read it, too, but it's probably close to the right word. No one actually uses that phrase in everyday talk (ie, colloquially); it was only mentioned in a humorous bit of doggerel. I'm going to put it in the humor/trivia section with Bart Simpson.  flux.books 18:28, 22 February 2006 (UTC)
 * It's not used colloquially. When it is used, it is a deliberate malapropism, used for (feebly) humorous effect. Sort of like pronouncing Target, the department-store chain, as if it were a French word: "Tarzhay." Dpbsmith (talk) 19:20, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

See also: Why maps of the US?
I don't see why Maps of the United States is linked to in the See also section. If we really want to point at Wikipedia articles that contain maps, why not have a link to Category:Atlas or Portal:Atlas instead? Moreover, I'm not sure that those interested in a map making company would be interested in looking at any maps. At best this is geo-politically imbalanced. At worst, it is unrelated altogether. I'm not sure which course to take, so I thought I'd just lay out my thoughts here.  Big Nate 37 (T) 21:58, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
 * You're right about it not being useful. If there were some Rand McNally maps that might be useful, better to put a more specific link to those in.  I'll delete it.  flux.books 13:45, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

Who owns Rand McNally?
Recently, Azumanga1 added some information regarding Rand's ownership. I think there has been some misunderstanding about that. As far as I know, World Color Press (Quebecor World) never owned Rand. Rand was majority owned by the McNally family up until 1997, at which time the book services division (located in Versailles, Kentucky) was sold to World Color Press, and control of the company was bought by AEA Investors. It's a little more complicated than that, because Rand owed money to several creditors, but AEA became the majority owner. During AEA's control, Rand fell upon some hard times in the late 90's - early 00's, struggling to compete with the new online mapping services. AEA ended up selling their stake, and Leonard Green & Partners acquired a 60% interest in Rand. After debt consolidation, restructuring, and prepackaged bankruptcy (that is, Rand wasn't in danger of disappearing, they were just leveraging the U.S.'s financial laws) in 2003, they are now entirely owned by Leonard Green. Rand continues to have things printed at the Quebecor World plant in Versailles, which might have caused some misunderstanding of ownership.

I'm not stating all of the above as irrefutable fact, but I think it's more or less correct. Much more so than what was previously written in the article. This article in general is not so great; it could use a bit of clean up.—Lazytiger 16:35, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Big additions, rewrites, and clean up of article
I'm currently compiling information from dozens of sources about Rand McNally. I'm slowly adding new material to the article, and will start refining the article as more info is added. I could work on all this outside of Wikipedia and submit it when I'm done, but that seems to miss the point of Wikipedia. Expect more big changes in the days/weeks ahead.

Where are all the map buffs? I know they have dedicated sites elsewhere; I'm surprised there isn't a bigger interest in this and other map company articles on Wikipedia. Oh well. I'm happy to try to fill in some holes.—Lazytiger 04:11, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

Products section: In Rand McNally's own words
I'm not sure if this is a Wikipedia policy or not, but it seems a bit self-serving for Rand McNally's own description of their products to be listed here. I won't remove them or make changes myself as I'm still getting my feet wet here, but perhaps these should be marked for change in the near future. CWGannon 18:28, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I absolutely agree. I've been meaning to sweep a bunch of stuff out, but haven't gotten around to it yet. For that matter, I've been meaning to finish writing the article. I have lots of sources and info but just haven't sat down and dealt with it.  Feel free to purge the product section if you are feeling up to it.—Lazytiger 22:35, 17 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I've removed the Products section because it has not had a neutral point of view for far too long and is at this point serving nobody's interests except perhaps Rand McNally's own. If somebody feels fit to revamp that section to include Rand McNally's most important products, so be it, but I feel that a) that has been covered already in this article and b) Wikipedia should not serve as an extension of Rand McNally's own advertisements. CWGannon (talk) 23:41, 25 March 2008 (UTC)
 * The products section that you removed was written entirely by me in a manner that was, I thought, as factual and non-marketingspeak as possible. Nowhere did I use superlatives or otherwise give any sort of subjective opinion of the products.  I was simply listing what exists and a brief description of what it is and how it relates to other products. I suppose it does benefit Rand McNally, in the sense that it informs readers of products' existence. But I would hardly describe this section as a "hard sell". The only thing I might concede was bad is that the section might be more Wikipedia-friendly simply by being briefer.  There was otherwise absolutely nothing factually incorrect or advertisement-driven about it. I think you were a little hasty deleting it all.—Lazytiger (Talk | contribs) 00:33, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

Message to anonymous editor (IP 72.197.X.X)
Sir or Madam: I am writing this message here since you do not have an account, and therefore no user talk page. I mean no disrespect with the deletion of your contributions to this article; you obviously are very supportive of Rand McNally and their products. However, you apparently are not familiar with the policies of Wikipedia—it does not exist to serve as an advertisement for companies or products. Products may be described in earnest, but you cannot use verbatim passages from product catalogs. Catalogs are advertisements and cannot be considered neutral sources of information. (See WP:NOT for more information.) Using such passages is also plagiarism, which is not acceptable in Wikipedia or anywhere else. (See WP:COPY) For portions of your content that are not direct lifts from Rand's catalog, you are not writing in an encyclopedic, neutral tone. (See WP:NPOV)

I have tracked some of your activity in Wikipedia and it is also evident that you do not understand the mechanisms that are used. You have complained about "users" removing your content, but it was actually removed by automated processes put in place to remove inappropriate content. Even when you were told this was the case, your response indicated you still did not understand.

I implore you to better familiarize yourself with the policies and culture of Wikipedia. I don't want to discourage you from contributing, but I also don't want anyone's time being wasted with inappropriate edits.

Thank you.—Lazytiger (Talk | Contribs) 02:24, 18 November 2007 (UTC)

Merge proposal
I propose moving/incorporating appropriate portions of the Thomas Guide article into the Rand article. Thomas Bros. is really just a co-brand on Rand's west coast products, not a separate company anymore. Info pertaining to the pre-merger company should remain a separate article, but should be moved (back) to Thomas Bros. Maps, I think. Thoughts, comments?—Lazytiger (Talk | contribs) 02:47, 28 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I propose exactly the opposite - that the Thomas Guide article remain seperate from Rand McNally, since the Thomas Guide maps existed as a product AND a widely-known pop-culture touchstone for decades before the Rand McNally merger. I've lived in Southern California all my life, and have never heard anything to suggest that the residents of the region know or care about the merger - however, the vast majority of residents immediately recognize the phrase "Thomas Guide" and are very familiar with its nature, appearance and usage.
 * Oppose. When people in California think of a book of street maps, they think of Thomas Guide. Sincerely, GeorgeLouis (talk) 15:31, 28 June 2008 (UTC)
 * I propose merge would be good idea to put the Thomas Guide into Rand McNally wikipedia page. The Product line will start working on the expand the list such as State Road Atlases for Colorado and Etc. Street Guide titles would be only visible by Annual edition. Such as Chicago, San Diego, and even Phoenix for example. The good things about Rand McNally is still growing list for new street guides titles in mostly every month. —Preceding unsigned comment added by SimMoonXP (talk • contribs) 06:38, 7 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I oppose the merge as well; the Thomas Guide has a distinct history separate from Rand McNally. -Branddobbe (talk) 22:01, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Rand McNally. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20081220163632/http://www.answers.com:80/topic/rand-mcnally-company to http://www.answers.com/topic/rand-mcnally-company

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 06:24, 6 January 2016 (UTC)

Commercial Atlas
The atlas is still updated today, now titled the Commercial Atlas & Marketing Guide.

But it is so hard to find on the web. The latest I fond was ISBN 9780528878008. Jidanni (talk) 19:06, 2 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rand McNally


text:
Category:Irish judges

This category lists judges who originated from Ireland or spent a notable part of their careers in Ireland.

title: Category:Irish judges


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yvonne Vera

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. – ABCD 23:34, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Yvonne Vera
Not notable, delete. Feydey 10:22, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC) -- As I look at the article now, keep. Feydey 13:22, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Keep, look at the what links here Wikipedia:Articles requested for more than a year, List of African writers, List of African writers (by country), Wikipedia:Requested articles/Culture and fine arts. --nixie 10:33, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Additionally, keep published authors. Radiant_* 11:12, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per above. Mgm|(talk) 11:20, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable author. Er... nixie? Doesn't "speedy keep" imply that the nomination was made in bad faith? Sjakkalle 12:58, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I didn't intend to imply that the nomination was made in bad faith, however I would expect and editor too look at what links here and do a google search before nominating something for deletion (I do), that way things that are quite obviously valid but badly written etc. don't get stuck on vfd--nixie 13:08, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Feydey has only been an editor since late March this year, give them the benefit of the doubt as a n00b, since they have already struck out their vote. Megan1967 01:08, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User:ReDirection

This is a test.

This is only a TEST

title: User:ReDirection


text: Category:Samuel Beckett characters

title: Category:Samuel Beckett characters


text:
Pace (unit)

A pace is a unit of length consisting either of one normal walking step (approximately 0.75 m), or of a double step, returning to the same foot (approximately 1.5 m). The normal pace length decreases with age and some health conditions. The word "pace" is also used for units inverse to speed, used mainly for walking and running, commonly minutes per kilometer.

The word "pace" is also used to translate similar formal units in other systems of measurement. Pacing is also used as an informal measure in surveying, with the "pace" equal to two of the surveyor's steps reckoned through comparison with a standard rod or chain.

Standardized units
Like other traditional measurements, the pace started as an informal unit of length, but was later standardized, often with the specific length set according to a typical brisk or military marching stride. In the United States the pace is an uncommon customary unit of length denoting a brisk single step and equal to 2+1/2 ft.

The Ancient Roman pace (passus) was notionally the distance of a full stride from the position of one heel where it raised off of the ground to where it set down again at the end of the step: two steps, one by each foot. Under Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, it was standardized as the distance of two steps (gradūs) or five Roman feet (pedes), about 1.48 m. One thousand paces were described simply as mille passus or passuum, now known as a Roman mile; this is the origin of the English term "mile".

The Byzantine pace (βῆμα, bḗma) was an adaption of the Roman step, a distance of 2½ Greek feet. The double pace (βῆμα διπλοῦν, bḗma diploûn), meanwhile, was similar to the Roman unit, comprising 5 Greek feet.

The Welsh pace (cam) was reckoned as 3 Welsh feet of 9 inches and thus may be seen as similar to the English yard: 3 paces made up a leap and 9000 a Welsh mile.

title: Pace (unit)


text:
PLAB

PLAB or Plab may refer to:

Science and technology

 * GDF15 (Growth/differentiation factor 15), a protein
 * Photronics Inc (NASDAQ: PLAB), an American semiconductor photomask manufacturer
 * Phospholipase A
 * Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board, a UK medical test

Other uses

 * Pimsleur Language Aptitude Battery, a foreign language test
 * Paya Lebar Air Base, a military airbase in Singapore
 * Darrin Plab (born 1970), retired American high jumper

title: PLAB


text:
Penn effect

The Penn effect is the economic finding that commodity prices are higher in countries with higher income.

This is often interpreted to mean that real income ratios between high and low income countries are misrepresented by gross domestic product (GDP) conversion at market exchange rates. It is associated with what became the Penn World Table, and it has been a consistent econometric result since at least the 1950s.

However, the "Penn effect", even as Samuelson used it, refers to the general observation: there is correlation between higher price levels and higher per capita income.

The Balassa-Samuelson effect model arises from a project to confirm the result and explicate the cause within the neoclassical framework.

History
Classical economics made simple predictions about exchange rates; it was said that a basket of goods would cost roughly the same amount everywhere in the world, when paid for in some common currency (like gold)1. This is called the purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis, also expressed as saying that the real exchange rate (RER) between goods in various countries should be close to one. Fluctuations over time were expected by this theory but were predicted to be small and non-systematic.

Pre-1940, the PPP hypothesis found econometric support, but some time after the Second World War, a series of studies by a University of Pennsylvania team documented a modern relationship: countries with higher incomes consistently had higher prices of domestically produced goods (as measured by comparable price indices), when compared at market exchange rates.

In 1964 the modern theoretical interpretation was set down as the Balassa–Samuelson effect, with studies since then consistently confirming the original Penn effect. However, subsequent analysis has provided many other mechanisms through which the Penn effect can arise, and historical cases where it is expected, but not found. Up until 1994 the PPP-deviation tended to be known as the "Balassa-Samuelson effect", but in his review of progress “Facets of Balassa-Samuelson Thirty Years Later" Paul Samuelson acknowledged the debt that his theory owed to the Penn World Tables data-gatherers, by coining the term “Penn effect” to describe the “basic fact” they uncovered, when he wrote:
 * "The Penn effect is an important phenomenon of actual history, but not an inevitable fact of life.”

Understanding the Penn effect
Most things are cheaper in poor (low income) countries than in rich ones. Someone from a "first world" country on vacation in a "third world" country will usually find their money going a lot further abroad than at home. For instance, a Big Mac cost $7.84 in Norway and $2.39 in Egypt in January 2013, at the prevailing USD exchange rate for those two local currencies, despite the fact the two products are essentially the same.

The effect's challenge to simple open economy models
The (naïve form of the) purchasing power parity hypothesis argues that the Balassa–Samuelson effect should not occur. A simple open economy model treating Big Macs as commodity goods implies that international price competition will force Norwegian, Egyptian, and U.S. burger prices to converge in price. The Penn effect, however, maintains that the general price level will remain consistently higher where (dollar) incomes are high.

How identical products can be sold at consistently different prices in different places
The law of one price says that the same item cannot sustain two different sale prices in the same market (since everyone would buy only at the lower price). By reversing this law, we can infer that different countries do not share an efficient common market from the fact that prices for the same good are different.

If a McDonald's patron in Oslo were able to eat in an identical Cairo restaurant at one quarter the price they would do so, and price competition would then equalize the Big Mac price throughout the world. Of course, someone can only eat out locally, so regional price differentials can persist; the Oslo and Cairo branches are not in competition. If the Cairo McDonald's starts giving away burgers the price in Oslo will be unaffected, since one is unlikely to dine in Cairo if starting the evening in Oslo, nor can one import an Egyptian meal into Norway by ordering take-out.

The price level
Measuring 'the' price level involves looking at goods other than burgers, but most goods in a consumer price index (CPI) show the same pattern; equivalent things tend to cost more in high income countries. Most services, perishable goods like the Big Mac, and housing cannot be purchased very far from the point of consumption (where the consumer happens to live). These items form the typical consumer shopping list, and therefore the consumer price level can vary from country to country, just like the burger price.

The international development implications
The deviation in Purchasing power parity allows rural Indians to survive on an income below the absolute subsistence level in the rich world. If the money income levels are taken as given, then all else being equal, the Penn effect is a very good thing. If it did not apply, millions of the world's poorest people would find that their income was below the survival threshold. However, the effect implies that the money income level disparity as measured by international exchange rates is an illusion, because these exchange rates only apply to traded goods, a small proportion of consumption.

If the genuine income differential (taking local prices into account) is exaggerated by the market exchange rate, so the real difference in the standard of living between rich and poor countries is less than GDP per capita figures would suggest, if converted at market exchange rates. To make a more significant comparison, economists divide a country's average income by its consumer price index.

title: Penn effect


text:
Talk:Motility

Introductory remarks
Regarding "In addition to animal locomotion, most animals are motile (some move by passive locomotion)."

Why distinguish between locomotion and motility? Aren't they the same?

OGG Media File
Ogv file format for the media file near the start of this article is an outstanding choice. Ogv, after all, is a format that can be included as one of the formats for html-based video. Usually, when ogv is used in web video, it works best when mp4 is also used. That way, it works for almost all browsers, because almost all browsers work awesomely with mp4, so browsers will automatically select mp4 and ogv will not interfere. In this article ogv wisely is used, without accompanying mp4, which achieves the goal of making the media unplayable without a program not installed on most phones. I work with quite a few media formats all the time. After dozens of tests across windows and Mac computers, the ideal solution for playing ogv video I found was to produce video in mp4 and webm formats, then load those two formats. In this configuration, ogv works perfectly because it is not involved. An example of a video setup in this configuration is viewable at https://legacy-systems.biz/longview2500/public_links/public/usa/things_threatening_to_destroy_our_country/marxist_subversion_of_the_united_states/index.php — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:2C1:C200:D480:7867:803E:431C:D4EE (talk) 08:40, 19 April 2021 (UTC)

Untitled
I want to know the term sperm motility and its features. What is the normal range of active / live cells? How can one increase the level of active/live cells from the normal range ? what are the reasons that decreases the active/live cells in sperm motility.

i recommend that there be a unique atricle on treadmilling

scope of the article?
I'm a little bit confused with the scope of this page: the intro suggests that it is about all type of motility (from animals to cells) but the text mainly focus on cell migration. Should cell motility be just a subpart, with a link to the "cell migration" page? Saksihw (talk) 14:56, 10 September 2015 (UTC)

Genetic vs environmental determination of motility.
Is it really valid to include hydrogen cyanide and the resulting cell death as being an environmental determinate for motility? 96.52.112.135 (talk) 17:55, 1 May 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Motility


text:
Sonnenberg Gardens

Sonnenberg Gardens and Mansion State Historic Park is a 50 acre state park located at 151 Charlotte Street in Canandaigua, New York, at the north end of Canandaigua Lake, in the Finger Lakes region of Upstate New York. The house and gardens are open to the public every day, May through October.

History
The property was once the summer home of Frederick Ferris Thompson, a prominent banker in New York City, and his wife Mary Clark Thompson, whose father, Myron Holley Clark, was Governor of New York State in 1855. The Clark family was from Canandaigua. Mr. & Mrs. Thompson's main home was in NYC in a large townhouse on Madison Avenue. The Thompsons purchased the Sonnenberg property in 1863, keeping the name, Sonnenberg (which means "sunny hill" in German). In 1887, they replaced the original farmhouse with a forty-room Queen Anne style mansion. The property also had a 100 acre farm to the east. Sonnenberg's gardens were designed and built between 1902 and 1919, and originally consisted of nine gardens in a variety of styles.

The Thompsons had no children. The nephew who inherited the estate after Mary Clark Thompson's death in 1923 sold the property to the Federal Government in 1931, who built a veteran's hospital (today the Canandaigua VA Medical Center) on the adjacent farmland. The government used the mansion to house doctor's families and some nurses. In 1972, by an act of Congress called the Sonnenberg Bill, the mansion and its grounds were transferred from the Federal Government to a local non-profit organization formed to restore and reopen the property. It was opened to the public in 1973. All nine gardens have been restored and visitors can tour the mansion. In 2005, the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation bought the estate. It is still operated by the non-profit.

Gardens
Today most of the gardens have been restored, as follows:

 * The Conservatory – A Lord & Burnham conservatory complex, built between 1903 and 1915, and considered one of the most important residential greenhouse complexes in the United States. The complex includes a domed Palm House, with other glass houses featuring orchids, cacti, and tropical plants.
 * Japanese Garden – A miniature mountainous Japanese landscape, with torii gate. It is said that its tea house was modeled upon a very old tea house in Kyoto, since destroyed by fire. In addition, there is a statue of Buddha.
 * Sub Rosa Garden – A green garden (having no flowers) with white marble fountain complex set off by green lawn, boxwood, and evergreens. The fountain is Zeus, with Artemis and Apollo.
 * Rose Garden – A belvedere with over 2,500 rose bushes. The main beds are red, white, and pink; other beds are more varied in color.
 * Italian Garden – Four sunken parterres in a fleur-de-lis pattern, bordered by yews, with about 20,000 annuals in the bedding.
 * Blue & White Garden – Blue and white flowers with a Zelkova japonica tree in the center.
 * Pansy Garden – Planted with pansies with a delightful pedestal fountain as the centerpiece.
 * Moonlight Garden – Only white flowers, blooming late afternoon, and many fragrant. Includes heliotrope, tuberoses and verbenas.
 * Old-Fashioned Garden – A geometric garden, in which a low boxwood hedge forms the quincunx pattern of five circles. Four quarter sections, each with a center circle, are filled with annuals and perennials surrounded with diagonal intersecting walks, and an arbor in the center bisects the fifth circle.
 * Rock Garden – Formerly three gardens (the Wild Garden, the Lily Garden, and the Rock Garden), completed in 1919, but now merged to form an informal, wooded garden. Its path winds through a canyon constructed of puddingstone, with natural pockets and crannies used for alpine plants. Water includes 500 feet (150 m) of streams, waterfalls, and pools fed by geysers and springs.
 * Grounds were planted with many specimen trees (some planted by important guests), now numbering over 140 varieties.

Mansion
Built between 1885 and 1887, the 40-room Queen Anne style mansion was designed by Francis Allen, a noted Boston architect. Allen also designed and oversaw the remodeling of the mansion approximately 15 years after it was constructed. Two of the three floors are furnished and open to the public.

The mansion's facade is rusticated graystone with Medina sandstone trim and gables made from timber and stucco. The roof is slate with lead-coated copper.

Other attractions
In addition to the nine gardens and mansion, the property hosts the Finger Lakes Wine Center, which is housed in the Bay House and offers a number of local wines for tasting and purchase, as well a fine gift shop.

A cafe is located in the Gardener's House serving light lunches.

title: Sonnenberg Gardens


text:
Glen Eagles

Glen Eagles (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann na h-Eaglais/Gleann Eagas) is a glen which connects with Glen Devon to form a pass through the Ochil Hills of Perth and Kinross in Scotland. (The spelling as two words, 'Glen Eagles', is as shown on UK Ordnance Survey maps.)

The name's origin has nothing to do with eagles, and is a corruption of eaglais or ecclesia, meaning church, and refers to the chapel and well of Saint Mungo, which was restored as a memorial to the Haldane family which owns the Gleneagles estate.

Gleneagles House at the northern entrance to Gleneagles comprises a 1750 extension to an earlier 17th-century building that is approached by an avenue of lime trees planted to commemorate the Battle of Camperdown. Little remains of Gleneagles Castle, the early 16th-century tower house of the Haldanes.

The Caledonian Railway Company used its name for the Gleneagles Hotel and golf course they built some distance from the glen at the edge of Auchterarder. The hotel hosted the 31st G8 summit conference in July 2005.

Gleneagles railway station, formerly known as Crieff Junction, is on the line between Perth and Stirling. As its name suggests, this was the junction for the Crieff Junction Railway, which closed in 1964.

title: Glen Eagles


text:
The League of Gentlemen's Apocalypse

The League of Gentlemen's Apocalypse is a 2005 disaster horror comedy film based on the British television series The League of Gentlemen. It is directed by Steve Bendelack at his directorial debut and written by the series' cast along with Jeremy Dyson. Starring Mark Gatiss, Steve Pemberton and Reece Shearsmith, who reprise their roles from the TV series, along with Michael Sheen, Victoria Wood, David Warner, Alan Morrissey, Bruno Langley, Bernard Hill, Simon Pegg and Peter Kay who appear in guest roles, the film follows the series' characters as they enter the real world and meet their creators while the setting, the fictional town of Royston Vasey, is facing a series of apocalyptic events.

It is a British-American venture produced by Film4 Productions, Tiger Aspect Films and Universal Pictures. The film was released on 3 June 2005 in the United Kingdom.

Plot
Jeremy Dyson (played by Michael Sheen) proposes to the other members of The League of Gentlemen a new series in which everyone in Royston Vasey wakes up with a tail. The other writers are keen to move on to new projects instead. He is confronted by three characters from the series - Papa Lazarou, Edward and Tubbs - and tries to run but falls off a cliff.

At the church the vicar, Bernice Woodall, tells Pauline Campbell-Jones and Mr. Chinnery that there are signs of The Apocalypse occurring. Hilary Briss has escaped from prison and holds Herr Lipp hostage, using him to hijack a car driven by Geoff Tipps. Fleeing fireballs, Briss leads them through a door in the church crypt, emerging in the real town of Hadfield, Derbyshire, the setting for Royston Vasey in The League of Gentlemen television series.

With the situation explained to them by Lazarou and the Tattsyrups, Briss, Herr Lipp and Geoff Tipps travel to London. Lipp pretends to be his creator, Steve Pemberton, and goes to his home where he discovers Pemberton has been neglecting his family. Briss and Tipps read through The League of Gentlemen's new project, a historical horror called The King's Evil, while Briss chases after an escapee Pemberton and re-captures him. Returning to the hideout, Briss discovers that Tipps has written himself into The King's Evil as the hero. Lipp meanwhile has become deeply attached to Pemberton's family, in particular his children. He searches Pemberton's belongings for his notes.

Briss takes Pemberton to Hadfield, where Pemberton telephones Reece Shearsmith. Shearsmith thinks that Briss is playing a joke on him, so Briss comes to the phone. Shearsmith initially believes that Mark Gatiss is joining in on the "joke" when he opens a door and Gatiss is standing right in front of him. Shearsmith and Gatiss find and capture Herr Lipp, and they travel to Hadfield. They go back to Royston Vasey via the dimensional door and swap hostages, but Pemberton is killed by a stray gunshot. Dr Erasmus Pea, the villain of The King's Evil, tries to persuade Briss to leave Royston Vasey and join him, but Briss refuses. Pea kills his fellow characters and turns them into a gigantic homunculus, which Briss fights. Shearsmith and Gatiss climb up the wall of the church to escape but Shearsmith falls to his death.

Briss kills the monster but is stabbed in the back by Pea. Before dying he tells Tipps that he is the only one who can save Royston Vasey. Tipps fights Pea while Gatiss tries to return to the real world but is held at gunpoint by Lipp. Tipps kills Pea using part of the homunculus. In the church, Lipp says he will kill Gatiss. The other characters try to dissuade him, saying that once all the writers are dead, Royston Vasey will cease to exist and they will die. Lipp claims that they will in fact be better off, because as long as they're controlled by someone else they have no free will and can never change for the better. Tipps tells Lipp that because he saved the day and can therefore change, Lipp need not kill Gatiss. He persuades Lipp to hand him the gun, only for Tipps to accidentally fire it and kill Gatiss.

With all the writers now apparently dead, the residents of Royston Vasey prepare for the worst. Instead, everything calms down and The Apocalypse is averted. The characters realise they now have free will. Herr Lipp adopts some orphaned children, the vet, Mr Chinnery, finds a rabbit and is able to take care of it without killing it, and Bernice and Pauline become romantically involved. Tipps leaves the church, waving goodbye to Edward, Tubbs and Papa Lazarou. It appears that Royston Vasey can continue to exist independently of its dead creators. However, in a mid-credits scene, Dyson is revealed to be alive but in a coma after falling off the cliff. Everyone else in the world now has a tail.

Characters
Nearly all of the action involves the characters Herr Lipp, Hilary Briss and Geoff Tipps, played by Steve Pemberton, Mark Gatiss and Reece Shearsmith respectively. Other characters such as Mr Chinnery, Pauline Campbell-Jones, Mickey Michaels, Barbara Dixon, Reverend Bernice Woodall, Tubbs & Edward Tattsyrup and Papa Lazarou also feature. The actors also play themselves, as well as three other characters from their new project, a 17th-century gothic horror entitled The King's Evil. Visual effects are used to show several characters played by the same actor interacting at once. The fourth member of The League of Gentlemen, Jeremy Dyson, who is not an actor, is played by Michael Sheen.

Cast

 * Mark Gatiss as himself / Matthew Chinnery / Hilary Briss / Mickey / Sir Nicholas Sheet-Lightning
 * Steve Pemberton as himself / Tubbs / Pauline / Herr Lipp / Lemuel Blizzard
 * Reece Shearsmith as himself / Edward / Papa Lazarou / Geoff / Bernice / Father Halfhearte / Red Devil
 * Michael Sheen as Jeremy Dyson
 * Emily Woof as Lindsay
 * Danielle Tilley as Dahlia
 * Bruno Langley as Damon
 * Alan Morrissey as Johnny
 * Liana O'Cleirigh as Claire
 * Victoria Wood as Queen Mary II
 * David Warner as Dr. Erasmus Pea
 * Bernard Hill as King William III
 * Simon Pegg as Peter Cow
 * Peter Kay as Simon Pig
 * Liam Cunningham as Director
 * Rachel Rath (uncredited) as Homunculus

Reception
The film premiered to generally positive reviews, with review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes shows that 83% of critics gave the film a positive review, with an average of 6.8 out of 10, based on 8 reviews.

Soundtrack
Soundtrack references:
 * Track listing
 * 1) "Apocalypse Theme"- 1:47
 * 2) "Little Brown Fish"- 3:45
 * 3) "Leaving for London"- 1:03
 * 4) "Meteors"- 2:25
 * 5) "Pig Funeral"- 0:52
 * 6) "Storm Over Royston Vasey"- 1:21
 * 7) "Stripped Down Theme"- 0:57
 * 8) "Have You Seen Me?"- 1:33
 * 9) "Dr Pea"- 2:00
 * 10) "Into the Crypt"- 1:21
 * 11) "An Humunculus"- 4:30
 * 12) "The Kings' Evil"- 1:55
 * 13) "Herr Lipp in the Attic"- 1:32
 * 14) "Herr Lipp Unmasked"- 2:21
 * 15) "Arise Sir Geoffrey"- 1:19
 * 16) "Back in Royston Vasey"- 3:54
 * 17) "Hilary Versus the Humunculus"- 3:09
 * 18) "It's a Miracle"- 3:02
 * 19) "End Titles"- 3:26

title: The League of Gentlemen's Apocalypse


text:
USS Brooks

USS Brooks (DD-232/APD-10) was a Clemson-class United States Navy destroyer who served primarily in Europe and the Atlantic, the Adriatic, and both the Pacific and Caribbean after WWI. Between 1931 and 1939 she was placed out of commission. She was recommissioned in 1939 and served in the Atlantic until 1941, switching to the Pacific Theatre during World War II where she was badly damaged at the Battle of Lingayen Gulf in January 1945. She was named for Lieutenant John Brooks, Jr.

Construction and commissioning
Brooks was launched 24 April 1919 by New York Shipbuilding Company, sponsored by Mrs. George S. Keyes, grandniece of Lieutenant Brooks, and commissioned 18 June 1920.

Service history
Brooks left Philadelphia for European waters 26 August 1920. She was first assigned to the Baltic Patrol for a short time and then the Naval Forces in the Adriatic Sea. She joined the United States Naval Forces in Turkish waters in June 1921. Brooks departed for the United States 26 September 1921 and arrived at New York City 19 October. She was then assigned to the Scouting Fleet, U. S. Fleet, and participated in fleet maneuvers in the Caribbean, Atlantic, and Pacific until placed out of commission in reserve at Philadelphia Navy Yard 20 January 1931.

Brooks was recommissioned at Philadelphia Navy Yard 18 June 1932, and assigned to the Scouting Force, participating in fleet operations on both coasts until going out of commission in reserve at Philadelphia on 2 September 1938. She was recommissioned 25 April 1939 and assigned to the Neutrality Patrol on the Atlantic coast, where she remained until she joined the Local Defense Force, 13th Naval District, in November 1940. Brooks was operating with this force when the United States entered World War II.

World War II
As a patrol and escort ship, Brooks operated between California, Washington, and Alaska during the first year of World War II. On 20 September 1942, she arrived at Seattle, to commence conversion to a high-speed transport. On 1 December 1942, her classification was changed to APD-10 and she was assigned to the South Pacific.

WWII Pacific stations
She served as a transport and minesweeper during the Lae, New Guinea, landings (4–14 September 1943); Finschhafen, New Guinea, landings (22 and 29–30 September); Cape Gloucester, New Britain, assault (26 and 28–29 December); Saidor, New Guinea, landings (2 January-17 February 1944); Admiralty Islands landings (29 February-5 March and 19 March); Hollandia, New Guinea, assault (22–28 April); capture of Saipan (14–22 June); Leyte occupation (18 November-4 December); Mindoro invasion (12–18 December); and the Lingayen Gulf landings (3–6 January 1945).

Fate
At 1252 on 6 January 1945, the worst day for the Navy during the costly Invasion of Lingayen Gulf, a Japanese kamikaze crashed into Brooks' port side, causing extensive damage and starting a fire amidships. The main and auxiliary steam lines were severed, the fire main was broken, and the sea valve to the condenser was pierced, causing the forward engine room to flood. Three of Brooks' crew were killed and 11 wounded. A number of Brooks's abandoned survivors, were rescued by the adjacent HMAS Warramunga (I44) and later transferred to her sister ship the USS Hovey, a minesweeper staged in Minesweeping Unit 1 for the Lingayen invasion, as was Brooks. Five more of Brooks's crew were killed when the US Hovey was sunk by an aerial torpedo at 455 on the following morning of 7 January. The badly damaged Brooks was towed to San Pedro, California, Watch Hill and decommissioned there on 2 August 1945. Brooks was sold 30 January 1946.

Awards
Brooks received the Navy Unit Commendation and six battle stars for her World War II service.

As of 2015, no other U.S. Navy ships have been named Brooks.

Former crew

 * Sherman A. Minton, World War II

title: USS Brooks


text: Category:Transport in New South Wales

title: Category:Transport in New South Wales


text:
User:Broomballcory

A bit about me:

 * My name is Cory
 * I was born and currently live in Townsville, which is in North Queensland, Australia
 * My date of birth is 16 January 1985 - which at time of writing this (December 06), makes me 21
 * I play broomball and have either written, or had a major hand in writing, most of the broomball articles on Wikipedia. And I plan to expand the ones currently here and write many more in the future to help publicise the sport.  If there any other broomballers out there who'd like to help out, feel free to contact me!
 * I also have an interest in a variety of other things: sports, mainly cricket, football (or soccer to some), rugby league, rugby union, Aussie rules, and professional wrestling; history; geography; linguistics; astronomy; and other various things that catch my fancy from time to time.
 * I have been a member of Wikipedia for...well...I guess probably two years now, but have not done a lot of editing of late. I used to do quite a lot of editing in football and cricket related articles.  Depending on time I may occasionally be seen editing these sort of articles.

title: User:Broomballcory


text:
Boulevard of Broken Dreams (Green Day song)

"Boulevard of Broken Dreams" is a song by American rock band Green Day. The power ballad is the fourth track from their seventh studio album American Idiot (2004). Reprise Records released "Boulevard of Broken Dreams" as the second single from American Idiot on November 29, 2004. The song's lyrics were written by lead singer Billie Joe Armstrong, and the music was composed by the band. Production was handled by Rob Cavallo and Green Day.

The song speaks from the point of view of American Idiot's main character, "Jesus of Suburbia", and is a moderate midtempo song characterized by somber and bleak lyrics. This is in contrast to the previous track on the album, "Holiday", which illustrates Jesus of Suburbia's high of being in The City. MTV's Green Day Makes a Video described "Holiday" as a party, and "Boulevard of Broken Dreams" as the subsequent hangover.

The song was ranked number one on Rolling Stone's Reader's Choice: Singles of the Decade list in 2009 and number 65 on the 100 Best Songs of the Decade list in the same year. It has sold over 2 million copies in the United States as of 2010. The single peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100, making it Green Day's most successful song in the United States. The song was the ninth-highest-selling single of the 2000–2009 decade with worldwide sales exceeding 5 million copies. As of 2021, "Boulevard of Broken Dreams" is the only song to win both the Grammy Award for Record of the Year and MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year. It remains one of Green Day's signature songs.

Background
"Boulevard of Broken Dreams" was written during a respite from pre-production on what would eventually become the band's seventh album, American Idiot. Hoping to clear his head and develop new ideas for songs, Green Day frontman Billie Joe Armstrong traveled to New York City alone for a few weeks, renting a small loft in the East Village of Manhattan. He spent much of this time taking long walks and participating in jam sessions in the basement of Hi-Fi, a bar in Alphabet City. He began socializing with songwriters Ryan Adams and Jesse Malin.

Armstrong wrote the song about his time in New York City, about "feeling alone" and trying to take power from that fact. Armstrong felt the song fit nicely with the album's storyline, which is about "going away and getting the hell out, while at the same time fighting their own inner demons." The song's concept is from a Gottfried Helnwein painting of James Dean, Humphrey Bogart, Marilyn Monroe and Elvis Presley sitting in an all-night diner. In the 2005 VH1 Storytellers program featuring Green Day, Billie Joe Armstrong stated that the title of the song was "nicked" from the painting of James Dean walking alone.

Composition
"Boulevard of Broken Dreams" is set in common time and composed in the key of F minor, like "Holiday", its prelude. The opening features an electric guitar with tremolo playing the verse progression, which is a i–♭III–♭VII–IV progression (Fm–A♭–E♭–B♭). The song's distinct tremolo effect on the opening guitar was achieved by digitally manipulating the recording in ProTools. It was difficult to produce, as it needed to remain in sync with the song's tempo. Armstrong added tracks of acoustic guitar-playing to augment his electric guitar rhythms and Cool's drumming. Billie Joe's vocals begin, accompanied by acoustic guitar. The bass and drums enter after the first two lines. The pre-chorus features a memorable lead guitar melody before seguing into the distorted chorus. The chorus contains a ♭VI–♭III–♭VII–i progression (D♭–A♭–E♭–Fm), ending on a C major vamp. The solo following the second chorus follows the verse progression while the outro follows a heavily distorted i–♭VI–♭VII–♮vi-♭III-♮VII power chord progression (F5–D♭5–E♭5–D5–A♭5–E5).

Oasis controversy
Noel Gallagher of Oasis criticized Green Day in late 2006, saying: "They should have the decency to wait until I am dead [before stealing my songs]. I, at least, pay the people I steal from that courtesy," referencing the fact that "Boulevard of Broken Dreams" uses the same chord progression as Oasis's hit single "Wonderwall". Gallagher's reaction may have partly been due to the emergence of "Boulevard of Broken Songs", a popular mash-up mixed by San Francisco DJ and producer Party Ben in late 2004. The mix consisted of elements from "Boulevard of Broken Dreams", "Wonderwall", Travis's "Writing to Reach You" and Eminem's "Sing for the Moment", the latter of which itself has samples from Aerosmith's "Dream On".

The main repeating guitar and vocal riff also bear a strong resemblance to the 2003 song "She's My Heroine" released by the San Diego band Agent 51. Billie Joe Armstrong had signed the band 3 years prior to his label Adeline Records. To date, no member of Agent 51 has made any public comment regarding the song's similarity, but a short article was written after the release of American Idiot in 2006.

Chart performance
"Boulevard of Broken Dreams" was named Record of the Year at the Grammy Awards of 2006. The song's broad appeal was demonstrated by its performance on several Billboard singles charts: it spent 14 weeks at number one on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart staying there for 38 weeks, 16 weeks at number one on the Modern Rock Tracks chart staying for 32 weeks, 11 weeks at number one on the Adult Top 40 chart staying at 44 weeks, and four weeks at number one on the Mainstream Top 40 staying there for 26 weeks. This was the first song to top the four charts altogether making this song a multi-chart success. It reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 (the highest a Green Day song has ever charted on the Billboard Hot 100), staying there for five weeks behind 50 Cent's "Candy Shop". This was also the first Green Day song to reach the Adult Contemporary chart, peaking at number 30 and though "Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)" didn't chart on the Adult Contemporary, it did chart on its recurrent chart.

Outside the United States, "Boulevard of Broken Dreams" charted strongly on many international charts. The song debuted and peaked at number five on the UK Singles Chart on the chart dated December 5, 2004, giving the band their third top 10 single in that country. It stayed in the UK top 100 for 29 weeks, becoming their longest-charting single at the time, but "Wake Me Up When September Ends" would log 32 weeks in the UK top 100 nearly a year later; it remains their second-longest stay on the UK chart. In 2021, the British Phonographic Industry awarded the song a Platinum certification for sales and streams exceeding 600,000 units. The single was successful in Ireland, reaching number two in January 2005 on two occasions and totaling 23 weeks in the top 50. It was their highest-peaking single there until "The Saints Are Coming" topped the Irish Singles Chart in 2006. Elsewhere in Europe, the song reached number one in the Czech Republic, number two in Sweden, and the top 10 in Austria, Denmark, and Norway. In Australasia, the song reached number five in both Australia and New Zealand. It stayed on the latter country's chart longer, remaining on the RIANZ chart for 25 weeks compared to 17 weeks on the ARIA Singles Chart. Despite this, the song was overall more popular in Australia, finishing 2005 as the 31st best-selling single and earning a Platinum certification from the ARIA for sales exceeding 70,000 copies.

In response to Hurricane Katrina and the popularity of "Boulevard of Broken Dreams", Green Day donated all of the iTunes proceeds from this song for the year to the American Red Cross for Katrina aid efforts.

Music video
The award-winning music video for "Boulevard of Broken Dreams" was directed by Samuel Bayer. The music videos for "Holiday" and "Boulevard of Broken Dreams" were filmed with a single, continuous storyline—the video for "Boulevard of Broken Dreams" picks up where "Holiday" has left off, with the last few seconds of "Holiday" audible at the start of the "Boulevard of Broken Dreams" video. Both videos were also shot back-to-back. The video depicts the band members after their car has stalled in the desert, and they begin a melancholy walk down a dusty road. Scenes are interspersed with film footage, taken from around Los Angeles, of homeless people and other miserable sights. The video also features performance footage of the band playing the song in an abandoned warehouse.

The video features a 1968 green Mercury Monterey convertible that was modified for filming in the "Holiday" and "Boulevard of Broken Dreams" videos. The car features a hood ornament in the shape of the hand and heart grenade image from the American Idiot album cover, which was also used in the video for "Holiday". The "iron fist" was actually used in the video for "Walking Contradiction", when the band members meet at a car towards the end of the video. The band's name is also on the front of the hood in silver letters. The band rode this car to the 2005 MTV Video Music Awards ceremony. As shown in an MTV Making the Video special, Bayer used unorthodox techniques to achieve the aged film look of the "Boulevard of Broken Dreams" video, including using rear projection (as opposed to green screen) and physically damaging the negative: scratching the film with razor blades, pouring coffee on it, and smudging cigarettes on it.

The video won six awards at the MTV Video Music Awards in 2005, most notably for Video of the Year. It also won Best Group Video, Best Rock Video, Best Direction, Best Editing, and Best Cinematography.

Track listings
UK limited-edition 7-inch picture disc

Note
 * All live tracks were recorded on September 21, 2004, at the Irving Plaza in New York City.

Personnel
Personnel are adapted from the UK CD1 liner notes.
 * Green Day – music, production
 * Billie Joe Armstrong – words, lead vocals, guitar
 * Mike Dirnt – bass guitar, backing vocals
 * Tré Cool – drums
 * Rob Cavallo – production
 * Doug McKean – engineering
 * Chris Lord-Alge – mixing
 * Chris Bilheimer – art direction


text:
Jersey Democratic Alliance

The Jersey Democratic Alliance was a political party in Jersey. JDA candidates contested general elections in 2005 and 2008 but announced in August 2011 that it would not be fielding candidates in the October 2011 elections.

Party ideology and policies
The JDA was a centre-left political party. Its stated aims and objectives in 2011 were:
 * "Government in Jersey should be open, honest and transparent."
 * "The public interest will be paramount at all times."
 * "Government in Jersey will be open, honest and transparent."
 * "Trade unions will be recognised as an important part of Jersey society."
 * "The role of States members is to do the greatest good for the greatest number."
 * "The JDA believes that Jersey is a special place with unique laws and customs, countryside, traditions, language and privileges and that these must be preserved and maintained when it is clear that their retention is appropriate."
 * "To ensure that policies put forward promote the values enshrined in the European Convention of Human Rights."
 * "We have now added to those our number one aim which is to reform the States along the principles of Clothier."

In December 2006 the JDA presented an extensive and detailed proposal for electoral reform, to tackle Jersey's lack of political engagement among the general public.

In February 2007 the JDA released their environmental policy, with a general moderate green outlook, and addressing Jersey's outdated approaches to waste disposal and building insulation in particular

On 12 July 2007 the JDA teamed up with the Jersey Chamber of Commerce and the Jersey Hospitality Association to address concerns over the introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST) planned for April 2008, they also issued a statement on the planned 'Zero-Ten' corporate tax rates.

History
The JDA was formed in the spring of 2005 in response to constitutional reforms due to be introduced in December 2005, when the States of Jersey Law 2005 implemented recommendations of the Clothier review by creating a system of ministerial government—with Council of Ministers headed by a Chief Minister in place of a committee-based system of administration.

The party was launched in April 2005 at a mass rally of 1,000 people held at Fort Regent, with the intention of fielding candidates in the 2005 elections of senators and deputies to the States of Jersey. The JDA's founder was Senator Ted Vibert, a returned expatriate and veteran activist in the Australian Labor Party who had been elected to the States of Jersey in February 2003. In June 2005, however, Vibert announced that on medical advice he would not be standing for re-election in the October 2005 election. His successor as head of the party, Tony Keogh (a retired rector of Trinity), also stepped down on medical advice. In June 2005, Geoff Southern was elected as party leader. Some members, including Senator Paul Le Claire feared that under Southern the JDA would move too far to the left, and formed the Centre Party. At the JDA's inaugural annual general meeting in July 2005, Southern said that "the party would continue to maintain the centre ground of politics despite claims from a breakaway group that the alliance had moved to the left under his leadership". The JDA launched its manifesto to a crowd of 150 people in People's Park in September 2005.

Following a poor performance in the 2005 elections, Steve Pallett replaced Geoff Southern as party leader and in 2006 the JDA announced that it would relaunch itself as a political pressure group rather than continue as a political party. In 2007, the JDA was awarded a grant of £27,805 from the Joseph Rowntree Reform Trust, a political body that promotes democratic reform and social justice, "to ensure that the people of Jersey have the opportunity to vote for an opposition party that would scrutinise the government".

In 2008, the JDA distanced itself from the pressure group Time4Change.

Following the 2008 elections, two successful JDA candidates — Geoff Southern and Shona Pitman — were charged with breaching Article 39A of the Public Elections (Jersey) Law 2002, which prohibits a candidate or representative from interfering with a person's application for registration to vote. Southern and Pitman had opposed the introduction of this law when it was debated in the States assembly in 2008. He said he would "continue to assist people who ask me to help them fill in the form … I am among those who may well be prosecuted under the bureaucratic nonsense of a piece of law" and she said "… if this [the prohibition created by Article 39A] goes through as law I will ignore it and continue with collecting these postal votes". On 20 February 2009, Pitman and Southern pleaded guilty in Magistrate's Court to breaking the law "by assisting about 70 elderly, infirm or busy people to complete a postal vote application form in the election and/or delivering their completed forms" and they were committed to the Royal Court for sentencing. In mitigation their advocate submitted that the law infringed the human rights of the disabled and infirm to take part in the electoral process and the debate on Article 39A in the States had been flawed. Southern was sentenced to a fine of £10,000 and Pitman to a fine of £2,000. The party launched a "Fund for Justice" for people to make contributions towards the fines and court costs.

In the summer of 2010, Vibert returned as honorary president of the party, having plans to move the JDA "from the left to the centre ground of Jersey politics".

Deputies Pitman, Pitman and de Sousa resigned from the JDA, along with the party's deputy chairman David Rotherham, in August 2010. In the run-up to the October 2011 elections, the three deputies continued to sit as independents, leaving Southern as the only member of the States assembly formally affiliated to a political party.

In May 2011, Vibert resigned as party leader, citing policy differences.

In August 2011, Southern announced that he would be standing as an independent in the October 2011 elections. The party disbanded shortly afterwards.

Electoral performance
In 2005, Geoff Southern and Denise Carroll stood as JDA candidates in elections for six vacant Senator seats in the States of Jersey. Both were unsuccessful, polling 10th and 13th of the fifteen candidates. In the subsequent elections for Deputies, the JDA followed the Centre Party in announcing that JDA members seeking election would do so as independents.
 * In St Helier No.1 constituency, serving Deputy Judy Martin retained her seat
 * In St Helier No.2, serving Deputy Geoff Southern was re-elected and newcomer Shona Pitman topped the poll
 * In St Helier No.3 and 4, Denise Carroll was finished 5th and so failed to gain one of the four seats
 * In St Brelade No.2, Steve Pallett was not elected.

In January 2008, JDA candidate Alvin Aaron was unsuccessful in his attempt to unseat Simon Crowcroft, the incumbent Connétable of St Helier.

In 2008, Geoff Southern and Trevor Pitman stood as JDA candidates for the six vacant Senator seats. They failed to be elected, Southern finishing in 7th place and Pitman finishing 11th out of 21 candidates. In the subsequent elections for Deputies, the JDA achieved its greatest electoral success, with four of its five candidates elected. Geoff Southern, Shona Pitman and Debbie de Sousa took all three seats in the St Helier No. 2 constituency and Trevor Pitman gained one of the three seats in the St Helier No. 1 constituency. JDA candidate Christine Papworth was unsuccessful in St Saviour No.2.

In June 2010, Southern stood in a by-election for a vacant senatorial seat, finishing fifth out of nine candidates.

title: Jersey Democratic Alliance


text:
Pulitzer, Inc.

Pulitzer, Inc. was an American media company who owned newspapers, television stations and radio stations across the United States. Founded by Joseph Pulitzer (who also funded the Pulitzer Prizes, which are not affiliated with the company), its papers included the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, the Arizona Daily Star (Tucson), and Chicago's Daily Southtown and Lerner Newspapers chain.

Ownership
Pulitzer Inc., which published 14 daily newspapers at the time, was sold to Lee Enterprises for $1.5 billion in 2005 (with both Gannett and the E. W. Scripps Company expressing interest in buying the company prior to Lee's acquisition). Pulitzer had previously acquired Scripps League's 16 daily and 30 non-daily publications in 1996.

In 1998, Pulitzer sold its broadcast group, including nine television stations and five radio stations, to Hearst-Argyle.

Television stations owned (until 1998)

 * (**) – indicates station built and signed on by Pulitzer

Data

 * Yahoo! - Pulitzer Inc. Company Profile

title: Pulitzer, Inc.


text:
Skeleton (disambiguation)

A skeleton is a biological system providing support in a living organism.

Skeleton or skeletons may also refer to:

Science and computers

 * Human skeleton, human anatomy
 * Skeletonization (forensics), refers to the complete decomposition of the non-bony tissues of a corpse, leading to a bare skeleton
 * n-skeleton, the subcomplex of a simplicial complex or CW complex consisting of all faces of or below a certain dimension
 * Skeleton (category theory), in mathematics, every category has a skeleton in which no two distinct objects are isomorphic
 * Skeleton (computer programming), a style of computer programming
 * Algorithmic skeleton, a style of parallel programming based on simple high-level patterns

 * Skeletal animation, a computer technique used to animate 3D characters
 * Topological skeleton, a digital image processing technique used to detect objects and regions within images
 * Morphological skeleton in digital image processing
 * Class skeleton, an outline of a class used in software engineering
 * Skeletal formula, in chemistry, the skeletal structure or skeleton of a molecule
 * Straight skeleton, in geometry, is a method of representing a polygon
 * Skeletonizer (disambiguation), a common name for several species of moth

Music

 * Skeletons (band), an American indie rock group

Albums

 * Skeleton (Abe Vigoda album) or the title song, 2008
 * Skeleton (Figurines album), 2005
 * Skeletons (Danzig album), 2015
 * Skeletons (Hawthorne Heights album), 2010
 * Skeletons (Nothingface album), 2003
 * Skeletons (Sirens and Sailors album) or the title song, 2013
 * Skeletons (Wednesday 13 album) or the title song, 2008
 * Skeletons, by Brothers Osborne, 2020
 * Skeletons, by Seven Story Drop, 2008
 * Skeletons, by Pop Evil, 2023

Songs

 * "Skeleton" (song), by Donghae & Eunhyuk, 2014
 * "Skeletons" (Dihaj song), representing Azerbaijan at Eurovision 2017
 * "Skeletons" (Stevie Wonder song), 1987
 * "Skeletons" (Yeah Yeah Yeahs song), 2010
 * "Skeleton", by Bloc Party from Little Thoughts, 2004
 * "The Skeleton", by Quasi from Field Studies, 1999
 * "Skeletons", by James Arthur from Back from the Edge, 2016
 * "Skeletons", by Travis Scott from Astroworld, 2018
 * "Skeletons", by Tulisa from The Female Boss, 2012

Televisions and films

 * "Skeletons" (CSI: Miami), an episode from season 4 of the American crime drama CSI: Miami
 * "Skeletons", an episode of the fourth season of NCIS
 * "The Skeleton", a 1979 episode of the TV sitcom The Ropers
 * Skeletons (film), a 2010 film by Nick Whitfield
 * Skeletons (1997 film), a television film by David DeCoteau
 * The Skeleton, a fictional character from the novel Something Wicked This Way Comes

Games

 * Skeleton (sport) (or tobogganing), a fast winter sliding sport
 * Skeleton (Guitar Hero), a playable character in the Xbox 360 version of the video game Guitar Hero: World Tour
 * Skeleton (Dungeons & Dragons), an undead creature from the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy roleplaying game
 * Skeleton+, an Atari 2600 video game in Activision Anthology

Other

 * Skeleton (undead), in fantasy, an undead, animated skeleton
 * Skeleton key, a type of key
 * Skeleton watch, a type of watch where the gearing is visible
 * Skeleton crew or staff, a reduced number of staff working off-hours or during a labour strike
 * Skeleton Creek (disambiguation)
 * Skeleton suit, a 19th-century fashion in boys' clothing
 * Skeleton in the closet (idiom), an undisclosed negative fact about someone

title: Skeleton (disambiguation)


text:
The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists

The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists (1914) is a semi-autobiographical novel by Irish house painter and sign writer Robert Noonan, who wrote the book in his spare time under the pen name Robert Tressell. Published after Tressell's death from tuberculosis in the Liverpool Royal Infirmary in 1911, the novel follows a house painter's efforts to find work in the fictional English town of Mugsborough (based on the coastal town of Hastings) to stave off the workhouse for himself, his wife and his son. The original title page, drawn by Tressell, carried the subtitle: "Being the story of twelve months in Hell, told by one of the damned, and written down by Robert Tressell."

Grant Richards Ltd. published about two-thirds of the manuscript in April 1914 after Tressell's daughter, Kathleen Noonan, showed her father's work to her employers. The 1914 edition not only omitted material but also moved text around and gave the novel a depressing ending. Tressell's original manuscript was first published in 1955 by Lawrence and Wishart.

An explicitly political work, the novel is widely regarded as a classic of working-class literature. As of 2003, it had sold over one million copies. George Orwell described it as "a book that everyone should read".

Background
Noonan was the illegitimate son of Mary Ann Noonan and Samuel Croker, a retired magistrate. He was born in Dublin in 1870 and settled in England in 1901 after a short spell living and working in South Africa. He chose the pen name Tressell in reference to the trestle table, an important part of his kit as a painter and decorator.

Based on his own experiences of poverty and exploitation, and his terror that he and his daughter, Kathleen — whom he was raising alone — would be consigned to the workhouse if he fell ill, Noonan embarked on a detailed and scathing analysis of the relationship between working-class people and their employers. The "philanthropists" of the title are the workers who, in Tressell's view, acquiesce in their own exploitation in the interests of their bosses. The novel is set in the fictional town of Mugsborough, based on the southern English coastal town of Hastings, where Noonan lived, although its geographical location as described in the book is well away from the actual town of Hastings.

Noonan completed The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists in 1910, but the 1,600-page hand-written manuscript was rejected by the three publishing houses to which it was submitted. The rejections severely depressed Noonan, and Kathleen Noonan had to save the manuscript from being burnt by keeping it in a metal box under her bed. After her father died of tuberculosis, she showed the manuscript to a friend, the writer Jessie Pope. Pope recommended the book to her own publisher, Grant Richards, who bought the rights in April 1914 for £25 (equal to approximately £2,959.06 in 2021). A much-abridged version was published that year in the United Kingdom, and an even more abridged version — 90,000 words, from the original 250,000 — in 1918. It was also published in Canada and the United States in 1914, in the Soviet Union in 1920, and in Germany in 1925. The publisher removed much of the socialist ideology from the first edition. An unabridged edition with Noonan's original ending was published in 1955, edited by F. C. Ball, who also wrote two biographies of Tressell, Tressell of Mugsborough (1951), and One of the Damned: The Life and Times of Robert Tressell (1973).

Plot
Clearly frustrated at the refusal of his contemporaries to recognise the inequity and iniquity of society, Tressell's cast of hypocritical Christians, exploitative capitalists and corrupt councillors provide a backdrop for his main target: the workers who think that a better life is "not for the likes of them". Hence the title of the book; Tressell paints the workers as "philanthropists" who throw themselves into back-breaking work for poverty wages to generate profit for their masters.

One of the characters, Frank Owen, is a socialist who tries to convince his fellow workers that capitalism is the real source of the poverty he sees all around him, but their education has trained them to distrust their own thoughts and to rely on those of their "betters". Much of the book consists of conversations between Owen and the others, or more often of lectures by Owen in the face of their jeering; this was presumably based on Tressell's own experiences.

Major themes
The book provides a comprehensive picture of social, political, economic and cultural life in Britain at a time when socialism was beginning to gain ground. It was around that time that the Labour Party was founded and began to win seats in the House of Commons.

The book advocates a socialist society in which work is performed to satisfy the needs of all, rather than to generate profit for a few. A significant chapter is "The Great Money Trick", in which Owen organises a mock-up of capitalism with his workmates, using slices of bread as raw materials and knives as machinery. Owen 'employs' his workmates cutting up the bread to illustrate that the employer, who does not work, generates personal wealth while the workers effectively remain no better off than when they began, endlessly swapping coins back and forth for food and wages. This is Tressell's practical way of illustrating the Marxist theory of surplus value, which in the capitalist system is generated by labour.

The three-storeyed house that is under renovation in the book, referred to frequently as the "job", is known by the workmen as "The Cave": "There were, altogether, about twenty-five men working there, carpenters, plumbers, plasterers, bricklayers and painters, besides several unskilled labourers ... The air was full of the sounds of hammering and sawing, the ringing of trowels, the rattle of pails, the splashing of water brushes and the scraping of the stripping knives. It was also heavily laden with dust and disease germs, powdered mortar, lime, plaster, and the dirt that had been accumulating within the old house for years. In brief, those employed there might be said to be living in a Tariff Reform Paradise—they had Plenty of Work."

Given the author's interest in the philosophy of Plato, it is highly likely that "the Cave" is a reference to Plato's "Allegory of the Cave". A major recurring theme in Tressell's book highlights the inability and reluctance of the workers to comprehend, or even consider, an alternative economic system. The author attributes this inability, amongst other things, to the fact that they have never experienced an alternative system, and have been raised as children to unquestioningly accept the status quo, whether or not it is in their interests. In Plato's work, the underlying narrative suggests that in the absence of an alternative, human beings will submit to their present condition and consider it normal, no matter how contrived the circumstances. Owen sets out his view in the first chapter:

"What we call civilisation—the accumulation of knowledge which has come down to us from our forefathers—is the fruit of thousands of years of human thought and toil. It is not the result of the labour of the ancestors of any separate class of people who exist today, and therefore it is by right the common heritage of all. Every little child that is born into the world, no matter whether he is clever or dull, whether he is physically perfect or lame, or blind; no matter how much he may excel or fall short of his fellows in other respects, in one thing at least he is their equal—he is one of the heirs of all the ages that have gone before."

Critical reception
Writing in the Manchester Evening News in April 1946 George Orwell praised the book's ability to convey "[w]ithout sensationalism and almost without plot ... the actual detail of manual work and the tiny things almost unimaginable to any comfortably situated person which make life a misery when one's income drops below a certain level". He considered it "a book that everyone should read" and a piece of social history that left one "with the feeling that a considerable novelist was lost in this young working-man whom society could not bother to keep alive".

In 1979 Jonah Raskin described The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists as "a classic of modern British literature, that ought to rank with the work of Thomas Hardy, D. H. Lawrence, and James Joyce, and yet is largely unknown ... Tressell's bitterness and anger are mixed with compassion, sympathy and a sharp sense of humour." According to David Harker, by 2003 the book had sold over a million copies, and had been printed five times in Germany, four in Russia, three in the United States, and two in Australia and Canada; it had also been published in Bulgarian, Czech, Dutch and Japanese.

Adaptations

 * A graphic novel, by sisters Scarlett and Sophie Rickard and edited by David Hine was published by SelfMadeHero in the UK September 2020, in the US and Canada in December 2021, and in French translation by Delcourt in April 2023. It was nominated for 'best adaptation from another medium' in the 2022 Eisner Awards.

Stage

 * A stage adaptation, written by Stephen Lowe and directed by William Gaskill, was first performed by Joint Stock Theatre Company in Plymouth on 14 September 1978. It opened at the Riverside Studios, Hammersmith on 12 October 1978.
 * A stage adaptation, written by Archie Hind and directed by David Hayman, was performed in 1984 by the Scottish agitprop theatre company 7:84.
 * A stage adaptation was commissioned by the Public and Commercial Services Union for "Unions 08". The play, by Tom Mclennan, is still running and on its third consecutive year of touring.  The Tressell Society said of the adaptation: "This is the best production of this important work we have ever seen."
 * A stage adaptation, written by Howard Brenton and directed by Christopher Morahan, opened at the Liverpool Everyman on 17 June 2010 and subsequently transferred to co-producer the Minerva Theatre in Chichester on 15 July.
 * A two-handed version by Neil Gore debuted at the Hertford Theatre in July 2011, its tour including to the 2012 Edinburgh Festival Fringe. In 2018, Gore was invited by Dan Carden to perform for MPs in Parliament.
 * In 2008, an adaptation by Tom Mclennan, was commissioned by the PCS Union as part of its contribution to the 2008 Liverpool Capital of Culture events. It was performed at various venues in Liverpool and later in Hastings at an event organised by the Tressell Society.
 * Merseyside Young Labour, using an adaptation by Tom Mclennan, performed it as a fundraiser in August 2013, setting ticket prices as 'Pay What You Can Afford', in keeping with the book's values.

Television
A television adaptation in the Theatre 625 series was transmitted on BBC2 on 29 May 1967, starring Edward Fox as Barrington and Alan Wade as Bert the barrow boy, who feature on the front cover of the contemporary paperback. This adaptation no longer exists.

Radio

 * A 6 x 60-minute radio adaptation was transmitted as a "Classic Serial" on BBC Radio 4 in 1989. It starred Sean Barrett, Brian Glover and Peter Vaughan. It was produced by Michael Bakewell and dramatised by Gregory Evans. It was most recently repeated on BBC Radio 4 Extra in April 2024. The 6 episodes can be found on the Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/RaggedTrouseredPhilanthropists
 * An adaptation was made by Above the Title Productions for BBC radio in 2008, produced by Rebecca Pinfield and Johnny Vegas, and directed by Dirk Maggs. Three 60-minute episodes were broadcast as the Classic Serial on Radio 4. Actors included Andrew Lincoln (Owen), Johnny Vegas (Easton), Timothy Spall (Crass), Paul Whitehouse (Old Misery), John Prescott (Policeman), Bill Bailey (Rushton), Kevin Eldon (Slyme), and Tony Haygarth (Philpot). This adaptation was nominated for a Sony Radio Drama Award in 2009.
 * In May 2009, Radio 4 broadcast a two-part sequel called Mugsborough 1917, which featured many of the cast from the previous year's production. The dramatisation by Andrew Lynch picked up the story and characters 10 years on.

Documentary
A short documentary about Tressell, the manuscript and the book's impact was produced by Shut Out The Light in 2014. Contributors included Dennis Skinner, Len McCluskey, Ricky Tomlinson, Stephen Lowe and Neil Gore. The film was described as "an elegant celebration of the centenary of the book's first publication".

title: The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists