text:
Malaysiakini

Malaysiakini (English: "Malaysia Now") is an online news portal in Malaysia which was established in 1999. It is published in Malay, English, Chinese and Tamil, and is among the most read news portals in Malaysia.

At the time of its founding in 1999, traditional print and broadcast media were tightly regulated and controlled by the Barisan Nasional government. Malaysiakini claimed it would try to achieve an independent voice without interference and restrictions from shareholders, advertisers or the government.

Malaysiakini is unaffiliated with Malaysianow – a much smaller rival news website that uses the English translation of Malaysiakini as its name.

Founding
Malaysiakini was founded by Premesh Chandran and Steven Gan in November 1999. Frustrated with the constraints they experienced while working for The Sun newspaper, Premesh and Gan decided to use the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) pledge to create a space for uncensored journalism.

The site began with a staff of five journalists and a starting budget of $100,000, raised with the initial versions of the publication prepared by Premesh. Premesh was CEO, and Gan was editor-in-chief.

For its first story, Malaysiakini posted a report on 20 November 1999 criticising the practices of Sin Chew Daily, Malaysia's largest-circulation Chinese-language newspaper. It reported that Sin Chew Daily had doctored a photograph of Malaysia's ruling party to remove the image of former deputy prime minister Anwar Ibrahim, who then had recently been imprisoned for corruption.

According to BBC News, the Malaysiakini report led to "worldwide infamy" for Sin Chew Daily, and the newspaper later issued a public apology.

Scoop on 2001 ISA detentions
In April 2001, Malaysiakini made news again when it discovered and reported the secret detention of 10 political activists for participating in a rally in favour of the imprisoned Anwar Ibrahim.

Police raid
On 20 January 2003, Malaysiakini was raided by the Royal Malaysian Police (PDRM). Four servers and 15 personal computers from its office worth RM150,000 (US$39,500) were seized during the raid. The police raid was instigated after the right-wing cadres in UMNO Youth, the youth wing of the ruling United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), complained that a letter written by "Petrof", a reader, and published on Malaysiakini's website was seditious.

In its police report, UMNO Youth claimed that the letter had questioned the special rights and privileges of the Bumiputras that are enshrined in the Constitution. Additionally, UMNO Youth claimed that the letter also contained false allegations that the Malaysian government was unfair to other ethnic races in the country. The seizure of the hardware temporarily halted Malaysiakini's operation, though it eventually resumed its normal operations.

Publishing fake news as April's fool joke
On 1 April 2005, Malaysiakini published a fake news report alleging four unnamed senior government officials were being charged with corruption. The report was revealed to be an April Fool's joke, albeit published to spotlight official corruption, a problem still rife in Malaysia. This resulted in with some readers expressing their disappointment at the editorial and the government ordering a probe on the news organisation.

Print permit rejection
Malaysiakini applied in 2010 for a license to circulate its content in print as a newspaper, which was rejected by the Home Ministry. It successfully appealed in the High Court and the High Court judged that Malaysiakini was to be issued a publication permit. The Home Ministry appealed the High Court decision in the Court of Appeal. The appeal was dismissed. Legally victorious, the newspaper requested the Home Ministry again for a permit. However, the application was rejected again.

Funding source
In September 2012, Malaysiakini admitted to receiving grants from National Endowment for Democracy (NED) and other organisations. Premesh Chandran, the CEO of Malaysiakini said that Malaysiakini is "transparent about such partnerships" and that the foreign grants "form a small part of Malaysiakini budget". He also said that Malaysiakini is 70% owned by its co-founders and staff. He claimed that despite receiving grants from international donors, the editorial independence was not compromised. Other than Malaysiakini, other organisations and human right groups in Malaysia such as SUARAM also reportedly having received funding from the NED.

In 2016, Malaysiakini's former editor YL Chong claimed that George Soros indirectly funded the online news portal and that the online news portal refused to allow this fact to be known and that he had resigned in protest. Malaysiakini refuted these allegations. Malaysiakini was probed by the government as a result.

Red paint attack
On February 25, 2014, red paint was splashed outside Malaysiakini's then office premise at Bangsar Utama, Kuala Lumpur. A cardboard box with a duck inside was left at the main entrance. The box had a photograph of DAP's Seputeh MP Teresa Kok strapped to it. The act was perceived as a threat to Malaysiakini and its staff.

Zunar sedition charge
In 2015, political cartoonist Zunar (Zulkiflee Anwar Haque) whose work has run in Malaysiakini for many years, was charged under the Sedition Act 1948 for criticising the Malaysian government in a number of posts on Twitter and was charged under the Sedition Act 1948. The charges were dropped after the change of government in 2018.

Jamal Yunos protest
On Nov 5, 2016, right-wing Umno leader Jamal Yunos led a group of his Red Shirt protesters to the entrance of the news portal's new office premises in Petaling Jaya. They called for Malaysiakini to be closed down but stopped at a (temporary) police barricade and eventually left.

Asia Mobiliti issue
In May 2024, the Selangor government was accused of alleged nepotism in the Demand Responsive Transit (DRT) programme, over the selection of Asia Mobility Technologies Sdn Bhd (Asia Mobiliti) as one of two companies chosen for the trial project. Asia Mobiliti, selected for the nine-month DRT trial in Selangor is co-owned by Ramachandran Muniandy, the husband of Youth and Sports Minister Hannah Yeoh, and ex-Malaysiakini CEO Premesh Chandran.

Premesh, who was still a leading shareholder in Malaysiakini, dismissed allegations of nepotism and argued an open tender was unsuitable because there were only two companies with the necessary Apad registration to participate in Selangor’s proof of concept trial.

Abdul Taib Mahmud bribery allegation
In May 2007, the news portal was sued for defamation by then Chief Minister of Sarawak, Abdul Taib Mahmud in the Kuala Lumpur High Court. He demanded an apology, an unspecified amount of damages and an injunction against Malaysiakini and Gan, for 12 articles published between 6 April and 3 May that year. The suit was retracted in January 2012 after the news portal made an apology in public court for publishing unverified news.

Raub Australian Gold Mine suit
Malaysiakini was sued in 2012 for publishing several articles and videos about residents' concerns over pollution allegedly linked to Raub Australian Gold Mine's gold mining operations in Malaysia. The company had said the articles were defamatory and malicious.

The Kuala Lumpur High Court in 2016 ruled in favour of Malaysiakini on the grounds of responsible journalism and reportage, but the decision was later overturned on appeal. The Federal Court upheld the appellate court's decision in a 3–2 majority ruling, saying Malaysiakini had not been "fair, disinterested or adopted a neutral approach" in reporting the residents' campaign against the mining activities. The ruling came amid concern among activists about freedom of expression in Malaysia, with Malaysiakini perceived to be particularly targeted as one of the most widely read independent news media source.

On July 2, 2021, the Federal Court of Malaysia ordered Malaysiakini to pay RM550,000 (US$132,180) in damages to Raub Australian Gold Mine which by then had become defunct.

Contempt of court over readers' comments
On 19 February 2021, Malaysiakini was found guilty of contempt by the Federal Court of Malaysia over five user comments posted on the website that the Malaysian Attorney General claimed undermined public confidence in the judiciary. The news website was fined RM 500,000 Malaysian ringgit (US$123,644). However, Malaysiakini's editor-in-chief Steven Gan was not found guilty of the offence. The website sought public donations to pay the fine and received donation exceeding the fine amount within the span of roughly four hours.

In covering the trial, the BBC in an article called Malaysiakini: The upstart that changed Malaysia's media landscape said that "Malaysiakini's success so far, its very survival, are all the more remarkable in a country where all news media was once subject to government control, and in a region where truly independent, quality journalism is difficult, dangerous and often driven to the margins."

The New York Times meanwhile wrote a piece called 5 Reader Comments Just Cost a News Website $124,000 in which they wrote that Gan and Malaysiakini were being punished for the outlet’s diligent reporting. It quoted Gan as saying that the court's decision would "have a tremendous chilling impact on discussions of issues of public interest and it delivers a body blow to our continual campaign to fight corruption."

Tajuddin defamation suit
On April 26, 2017, Pasir Salak MP Tajuddin Abdul Rahman filed a defamation suit against Shah Alam MP Khalid Abdul Samad, Malaysiakini subsidiary KiniTV and the New Straits Times Press Bhd (NSTP)

He claimed that Khalid had uttered defamatory statements laced with curse words at two media conferences held at the Parliament lobby in 2016.

On February 22, 2022 the KL High Court dismissed Tajuddin’s suit without costs.

On October 19, 2023 the Court of Appeal ordered Tajuddin to pay a total of RM120,000 in costs to Khalid and KiniTV Sdn Bhd. NSTP was not part of the appeal.

Awards and recognition
In 2001, Malaysiakini won a Free Media Pioneer award from the International Press Institute.

Gan himself won a 2000 International Press Freedom Award of the Committee to Protect Journalists, "an annual recognition of courageous journalism". In July 2001, Businessweek named him one of the "Stars of Asia" in the category "Opinion Shapers" for his work with the website.

In 2014, it received Social Media Award during Worldwide Bloggers and Social Media Award 2014 in Kuala Lumpur.

Through the years, Malaysiakini has won various awards and accolades from the International Press Institute, Reporters Sans Frontiers, Committee to Protect Journalists, Asiaweek and Businessweek.

Malaysiakini is also the only media organisation in Southeast Asia nominated to the prestigious World Economic Forum’s International Media Council.

The news portal has developed a reputation for providing a platform for academics and writers such as Jomo Kwame Sundram, Farish A. Noor, Faisal Tehrani, Uthaya Sankar SB and Wong Chin Huat to reach a wider audience.

Columnists have also included activist Hishamuddin Rais, independent preacher Wan Ji Wan Hussin and award-winning investigative journalist R. Nadeswaran. Additionally, Malaysiakini associate editor Martin Vengadesan was named best columnist in the 2022 Malaysian Press Institute Journalism awards.

The news portal's special reports on issues such as the 50th anniversary of the May 13 riots, environmental exposes and presentations on Budgets and elections, have frequently garnered multimedia awards at local and regional award ceremonies.

In November 2021, Malaysiakini reporter Wong Kai Hui won Thomson Foundation Young Journalist Award, chosen from almost 200 entrants from 55 countries.

Malaysiakini journalist S Vinothaa was awarded Indonesia’s prestigious Hassan Wirajuda Protection Award 2022 for her reporting on issues affecting its citizens in Malaysia.

She was the first foreign journalist to receive the award and the second Malaysian to be recognised by the country since the inception of the annual event in 2015.

In November 2023, academic Janet Steele published Malaysiakini and the Power of Independent Media in Malaysia, a book detailing the company's journey and impact.

In June 2024, Malaysiakini won its first Kajai Award in addition to two gold prizes at the MPI Journalism Awards 2023.

The top award in Malaysian journalism went to journalist S Vinothaa and the news lab team of Ooi Choon Nam and Affan Amrish Mohd Jalani for their contribution to the three-part series on how stateless children in Sabah have been forcibly taken from their parents and put up for adoption.

Vinothaa also won first place in the “Best Investigative Journalism” category for her report titled “Exposed: Shackles of rampant modern-day slave trading”.

For the “Best Multimedia Journalism” category, the first place went to Malaysiakini for its report on the 2023 state elections titled “State polls: How far can the ‘Green Wave’ go?”

Malaysiakini then won the Society of Publishers in Asia (Sopa) 2024 Award for excellence in reporting on women’s issues.

The award was granted to S Vinothaa, Ooi Choon Nam, Aidila Razak and Affan Amrish Mohd Jalani for their contribution to “Baby snatching: How stateless mums lose their infants in Sabah hospital”.

Leadership transition
In August, 2022, co-founder Premesh stepped back from his role as Malaysiakini's chief executive officer.

Similarly, after leading Malaysiakini’s newsroom for 23 years, Gan stepped down as the news portal's editor-in-chief in January 2023.

“It has always been my intention to give way to the next generation when they are ready. The time has come,” Gan said. He now occupies the nominal role of editor-at-large.

While the co-founders have reduced roles in the daily running of the news portal, the duo continue to sit on Malaysiakini's board of directors and remain the company's largest individual shareholders. Since their departure, the editorial team has been led by executive editor RK Anand and managing editor Ng Ling Fong.

Literature

 * Chin, James (2003). MalaysiaKini.com and its Impact on Journalism and Politics in Malaysia. In K.C. Ho, Randy Kluver, & C.C. Yang (Eds.), Asia.com: Asia Encounters the Internet, pp. 129–142. London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 0-415-31503-4.
 * Steele, Janet (2023). MalaysiaKini and the Power of Independent Media in Malaysia. (NUS Press), ISBN 978-981-325-240-0.

title: Malaysiakini


text: Category:Kowloon City

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Kowloon City


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Noel Sharkey

Noel Sharkey (born 14 December 1948) is a computer scientist born in Belfast, Northern Ireland. He is best known to the British public for his appearances on television as an expert on robotics; including the BBC Two television series Robot Wars and Techno Games, and co-hosting Bright Sparks for BBC Northern Ireland. He is emeritus professor of artificial intelligence and robotics at the University of Sheffield.

Sharkey chairs the International Committee for Robot Arms Control, an NGO that is seeking an International treaty to prohibit the development and use of autonomous robot weapons – weapons that once launched can select human targets and kill them without human intervention. He is co-founder and co-director of the Foundation for Responsible Robotics.

Sharkey is the founding editor of the academic journal Connection Science, and an editor for Artificial Intelligence Review and Robotics and Autonomous Systems.

Career
Sharkey held a chair in the Department of Computer Science (from 1994) at the University of Sheffield, and then he was a professor of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics and a professor of Public Engagement. He was supported by an EPSRC Senior Media Fellowship and a Leverhulme Fellowship of the ethics of battlefield robots.

Previously Sharkey held a number of interdisciplinary research and teaching positions in the US (Yale Computer Science and Stanford Psychology) and the UK (Essex Language and Linguistics, Exeter Computer Science). He was director of the Centre for Cognitive Science at University of Essex and Director of the Centre for Connection Science at the University of Sheffield.

He holds a doctorate in psychology, a doctorate in science, is a chartered electrical engineer, a chartered information technology professional, a Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (FIET), a fellow of the British Computer Society, a fellow of the Royal Institute of Navigation and Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (FRSA).

In 2014 Sharkey received an honorary doctorate in Informatics from the University of Skövde, Sweden.

Academic contributions
In the academic world, Sharkey is best known for his contribution to machine learning and cognitive science with more than 150 scientific articles and books.

Since 2006, Sharkey has written and spoken widely concerning the ethical responsibilities of governments and international organisations in a world where robotics applications are dramatically increasing, both in the military and policing contexts. He has also written widely on the ethical danger and societal impact of robotics in childcare, elder care, surgery, medicine, transport, and sex.

Media
Sharkey appeared as an expert on all four series of the BBC Two television Techno Games. and as head judge of every televised series of Robot Wars throughout the world (1998–2003) and again as head judge in the later Robot Wars reboot on BBC Two (2016). He co-hosted Bright Sparks, a science and engineering challenge series, for BBC Northern Ireland, and produces and presents a weekly radio show for the community radio station Sheffield Live! called The Sound of Science.

Sharkey has set up and organised robot competitions for young people around the world, including the national Chinese creative robotics contest, and the national Egyptian schools AI and robotics contest.

Apart from Sharkey's work on popular TV he is also regularly interviewed for radio, magazines, TV and newspapers about issues concerned with the responsible use of robots and Artificial Intelligence. Sharkey's interview on BBC Radio 4's The Life Scientific provides insight into his life story. He also writes for newspapers, magazines and news sites.

Personal life
Sharkey resides in Sheffield with his wife Amanda and has five daughters.

title: Noel Sharkey


text:
Kevin Williams (defensive tackle)

Kevin Williams (born August 16, 1980) is an American former football defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Oklahoma State Cowboys. He was selected by the Minnesota Vikings ninth overall in the 2003 NFL draft.

College career
Williams attended Oklahoma State University, where he was a mainstay on the Oklahoma State Cowboys football team's defensive front, starting 42 games during his career. He recorded 160 tackles, 38 tackles for loss, and 18.5 sacks during his career and was an integral part of a team that improved from 3-8 with 1 win in the conference in 2000 to an 8-5 overall record with a 5-3 conference mark in 2002. The Cowboys' Houston Bowl appearance in 2002 was only the second time in 14 years that OSU made it to a bowl game.

2003 NFL Draft
After an outstanding performance during the Senior Bowl, Williams went from a marginal first round choice to a possible top 12 pick for the 2003 NFL draft in most scouts' estimation. However, he was considered a “classic one-year wonder” and compared to Gerard Warren by Stewart Mandel of Sports Illustrated. Others considered Williams "a more natural end" and suggested a move to the edge in the NFL. The Vikings were actually slotted as the 7th team for the 1st round of the draft, but when their 15 minutes on the clock expired, two other teams rushed in and made selections (Jacksonville took Byron Leftwich and Carolina selected Jordan Gross) before Minnesota finally got to choose Williams.

Minnesota Vikings
In 2003, Williams was one of the top impact rookie defenders in team history and led the Vikings with 10.5 sacks, the 2nd-most sacks by a Vikings rookie behind Keith Millard's 11.0 in 1985. He was a consensus All-Rookie team honoree having started opening 12 games of the season at left defensive end and moved inside to start at nose tackle for the final 4 games. He set the Vikings rookie record with 3.0 sacks in season finale at Arizona on December 28. Williams was named NFC Defensive Rookie of the Month when he had 18 tackles, 5.0 sacks, a forced fumble and an interception in the 4-game stretch and joined Carl Eller (1964) and Al Noga (1988) as the only rookie defensive ends in team history to start the season opener when he debuted in the lineup at Green Bay September 7 and also joined defensive end Lance Johnstone as players with 10.0+ sacks, the first time in Vikings history since 1993 when Chris Doleman and John Randle accomplished the feat.

Williams compiled 11.5 sacks in 2004, 4 in 2005, and 5 in 2006. Williams played under tackle in the Vikings 4–3 defense, with teammate Pat Williams manning the nose tackle position. They were known collectively as the "Williams Wall" as well as the "Williams Wrecking Crew" due to their physical presence at the line of scrimmage, an attribute that helped them lead the Vikings to the best rushing defense in the league for three consecutive seasons (2006–2008).

On December 23, 2006, the Minnesota Vikings signed him to a new 7-year contract extension that could reach $50 million with incentives, the contract also included $16 million in guaranteed money.

In 2007, during the NFL Kickoff game, Williams intercepted Atlanta Falcons quarterback Joey Harrington and ran 54 yards for a touchdown in the 1st quarter. This was the Vikings' first TD for the 2007 season. In week 14 of the same season, Williams intercepted San Francisco 49ers quarterback Trent Dilfer and returned the pick for a touchdown in the 1st quarter. It was the first touchdown of the game and Williams' second interception touchdown of the season.

On December 2, 2008, he received a four-game suspension for use of a diuretic, which can be used a masking agent for steroid use. It is believed that the diuretic was found in a weight-loss supplement that he had been taking. Williams, along with Pat Williams, appealed the suspension to a Minnesota federal court; the judge ruled against the NFL's decision and allowed all suspended players, including Williams, to play until a further review of the case. The case review had been ongoing through the entire 2009 and 2010 NFL seasons, but in 2011, he was suspended for only 2 games under the rules of the new Collective Bargaining Agreement.

Seattle Seahawks
On June 12, 2014, Williams signed a one-year contract with the Seattle Seahawks in excess of $2 million. He would play all 16 games for the Seahawks that season, recording 30 tackles, 3 sacks, 2 pass deflections, and 6 tackles for loss on the #1 defense in points allowed in the league. Williams played in his first career Super Bowl in Super Bowl XLIX. In the Super Bowl, Williams recorded 3 tackles, but the Seahawks lost 28–24 to the New England Patriots.

New Orleans Saints
The New Orleans Saints signed Williams to a one-year contract on June 12, 2015. He blocked an extra point during the Saints Week 12 matchup against the Carolina Panthers. Stephone Anthony picked it up and returned it for two points, becoming the first person to do so.

Retirement
On July 27, 2016, Williams signed a one-day contract with the Minnesota Vikings before announcing his retirement from professional football.

Personal life
Williams graduated from Fordyce High School in 1998, where many of his individual football records still stand. Williams married in June 2005 to Tasha, who ended her collegiate basketball career in 2006 as a senior at Louisiana Tech and helped the Lady Techsters to the NCAA Tournament, earning all-conference honors. Kevin majored in general studies and earned his degree in the spring of 2003 from Oklahoma State.

title: Kevin Williams (defensive tackle)


text:
Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys

Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys (19 November 1805 – 1 March 1881) was a French diplomat. Born in Paris, he was educated at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand. The scion of a wealthy and noble house, he excelled in rhetoric. He quickly became interested in politics and diplomacy.

Biography
He was ambassador to the Netherlands and Spain, and distinguished himself by his opposition to Guizot. Drouyn de Lhuys served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1848 to 1849 in the first government of Odilon Barrot. In Barrot's second government, he was replaced by Alexis de Tocqueville, and was appointed ambassador to Great Britain. He returned briefly as foreign minister for a few days in January 1851, and then returned permanently in the summer of 1852, becoming the first foreign minister of the Second Empire. He resigned his post in 1855, during the Crimean War, when the peace preliminaries he had agreed to in consultation with the British and Austrians at Vienna were rejected by Napoleon III.

Drouyn de Lhuys returned to power 7 years later, in 1862, when foreign minister Édouard Thouvenel resigned over differences with Napoleon on Italian affairs. Drouyn was thus foreign minister in the lead-up to the Austro-Prussian War. He commented that, "the Emperor has immense desires and limited abilities. He wants to do extraordinary things but is only capable of extravagances." In the aftermath of that war, which was disastrous to French interests in Europe, Drouyn resigned and withdrew into private life.

Honours

 * Two Sicilies: Knight of the Illustrious Royal Order of Saint Januarius, 1852
 * Grand Duchy of Hesse: Grand Cross of the Grand Ducal Hessian Order of Ludwig, 11 February 1853
 * 🇪🇸 Spain: Grand Cross of the Royal and Distinguished Order of Charles III, 27 January 1854
 * 🇧🇪 Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold (civil division), 23 July 1854
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Joseph
 * undefined: Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian Order of Saint Stephen, 1855
 * undefined: Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Guadalupe, 1864
 * 🇸🇪 🇳🇴 Sweden-Norway: Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim, 27 March 1865
 * 🇲🇨 Monaco: Grand Cross of the Order of Saint-Charles, 24 December 1865

title: Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys


text:
South Korea at the 1992 Summer Olympics

South Korea competed as Korea at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. 226 competitors, 154 men and 72 women, took part in 134 events in 24 sports.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Archery
Korea's fourth appearance in Olympic archery earned them another pair of gold medals and a pair of silver medals. The women continued to dominate the field, though not quite as thoroughly as they had on their home field four years earlier. The individuals went a combined 16-5, while the teams were 5-1.

Women's Individual Competition:
 * Cho Youn-jeong — Final (→ [[Image:Med 1.png]] Gold Medal), 5-0
 * Kim Soo-nyung — Final (→ [[Image:Med 2.png]] Silver Medal), 4-1
 * Lee Eun-kyung — Round of 16 (→ 14th place), 1-1

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Chung Jae-hun — Final (→ [[Image:Med 2.png]] Silver Medal (4-1)
 * Han Seung-hoon — Round of 16 (→ 15th place), 1-1
 * Lim Hee-sik — Round of 32 (→ 20th place), 1-1

Women's Team Competition:
 * Cho, Kim, and Lee — Final (→ [[Image:Med 1.png]] Gold Medal), 4-0

Men's Team Competition:
 * Chung, Han, and Lim — Quarterfinal (→ 5th place), 1-1

Athletics
Men's Marathon
 * Hwang Young-cho 2:13.23 (→ [[Image:Med 1.png]] Gold Medal)
 * Kim Jae-ryong 2:15.01 (→ 10th place)
 * Kim Wan-ki — 2:18.32 (→ 28th place)

Men's Javelin Throw
 * Kim Ki-hoon
 * Qualification — 72.68 m (→ did not advance)

Women's Marathon
 * Lee Mi-ok — 2:54.21 (→ 25th place)

Boxing
Men's Light Flyweight (– 48 kg)
 * Cho Dong-bum
 * First Round – Defeated Luigi Castiglione (ITA), 8:2
 * Second Round – Lost to Pál Lakatos (HUN), 15:20

Cycling
Four male cyclists represented South Korea in 1992.

 * Men's team pursuit
 * Ji Seung-hwan
 * Kim Yong-gyu
 * Park Min-su
 * Won Chang-yong

 * Men's points race
 * Park Min-su

Fencing
15 fencers, 10 men and 5 women represented South Korea in 1992.

 * Men's foil
 * Yu Bong-hyeong
 * Kim Yeong-ho
 * Kim Seung-pyo

 * Men's team foil
 * Kim Yeong-ho, Kim Seung-pyo, Lee Ho-seong, Lee Seung-yong, Yu Bong-hyeong

 * Men's épée
 * Lee Sang-gi
 * Jang Tae-seok
 * Kim Jeong-gwan

 * Men's team épée
 * Lee Sang-gi, Jang Tae-seok, Kim Jeong-gwan, Gu Gyo-dong, Lee Sang-yeop

 * Women's foil
 * Lee Jeong-sook
 * Shin Seong-ja
 * Kim Jin-sun

 * Women's team foil
 * Lee Jeong-sook, Shin Seong-ja, Kim Jin-sun, Jang Mi-gyeong, Jeon Mi-gyeong

Football
Korea was represented by the following squad in Barcelona: (1) Kim Bong-soo, (2) Na Seung-hwa, (3) Lee Moon-seok, (4) Han Jung-kook, (5) Kang Chul, (6) Shin Tae-yong, (7) Kim Gwi-hwa, (8) Noh Jung-yoon, (9) Gwak Kyung-keun, (10) Chung Jae-kwon, (11) Seo Jung-won, (12) Cho Jung-hyun, (13) Kim Do-keun, (14) Jung Kwang-seok, (15) Lee Seung-hyup, (16) Cho Jin-ho, (17) Lee Lim-saeng, (18) Lee Jin-hang, (19) Shin Bum-chul, and (20) Lee Woon-jae. Coach: Kim Sam-rak.

Men's team competition

 * Preliminary round (group A)
 * South Korea – Hungary 22-18
 * South Korea – Sweden 18-26
 * South Korea – Czechoslovakia 20-19
 * South Korea – Iceland 24-26
 * South Korea – Brazil 30-26

 * Classification Match
 * 5th/6th place: South Korea – Spain 21-36 (→ Sixth place)

 * Team roster
 * Back Sang-suh
 * Cho Burn-yun
 * Cho Chi-hyo
 * Cho Young-shin
 * Choi Suk-jae
 * Jung Kang-wook
 * Kang Jae-won
 * Lee Ki-ho
 * Lee Kyu-chang
 * Lee Min-woo
 * Lee Sun-soon
 * Lim Jin-suk
 * Moon Byung-wook
 * Park Do-hun
 * Shim Jae-hong
 * Yoon Kyung-shin

 * Head coach: Lee Kvu-jung

Women's Team Competition

 * Preliminary round (group B)
 * South Korea – Norway 27-16
 * South Korea – Austria 27-27
 * South Korea – Spain 28-18

 * Semi Finals
 * South Korea – Germany 26-25

 * Gold Medal Match
 * South Korea – Norway 28-21 (→ [[Image:Med 1.png]] Gold Medal)

 * Team roster
 * Nam Eun-young
 * Lee Ho-youn
 * Kim Hwa-sook
 * Moon Hyang-ja
 * Min Hye-sook
 * Cha Jae-kyung
 * Hong Jeong-ho
 * Park Jeong-lim
 * Park Kap-sook
 * Lee Mi-young
 * Lim O-kyeong
 * Jang Ri-ra
 * Oh Sung-ok

 * Head coach: Chung Hyung-kyun

Modern pentathlon
Three male pentathletes represented South Korea in 1992.

 * Individual
 * Lee Yeong-chan
 * Kim Myeong-geon
 * Kim In-ho

 * Team
 * Lee Yeong-chan
 * Kim Myeong-geon
 * Kim In-ho

Shooting
Twelve South Korean shooters (seven men and five women) qualified to compete in the following events:
 * Men

 * Women

 * Open

title: South Korea at the 1992 Summer Olympics


text:
USS Sentry

USS Sentry may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:

 * USS Sentry (AM-299), was an Admirable-class minesweeper, launched in 1943; struck in 1962, and transferred to Vietnam as RVN Ky Hoa (HQ-09).
 * USS Sentry (MCM-3), is an Avenger-class mine countermeasures ship, launched in 1986 and currently in service

title: USS Sentry


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Richster Stites

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedied as nonsense vanity (requested by creator). - Mgm|(talk) 08:45, September 8, 2005 (UTC)

Richster Stites
The article Richster Stites is about a fictional character in a book that has no article of its own. The article does not name the author. The information is sparse, and written in a form not appropriate for an encyclopedia. It is created by user:156.63.100.36, who has made several changes in the Wikipedia, most of which are plainly vandalism; the remaining few are deletions of material without any edit summary (in fact, probably vandalism too). (This assessment is based on the 21 changes so far made in April.)--Niels Ø 19:03, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC) Hey, I'm sorry. I was just messing around. I understand the seriousness of this matter, and was just being immature. - RICH STOLTZ (A.K.A. Richster stites) P.S. Delete this article. I just invented it. SORRY!!!
 * This nom was malformed and never listed on a main VfD page. Fixing now.  No vote.  JYolkowski // talk 01:55, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
 * speedy since the original author has requested its removal (and it is nonsense). — brighterorange  (talk) 02:04, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, per ; brighterorange, and per author. -- BD2412 talk 03:14, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy as above. the wub  "?/!"  08:08, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Ecce homo

Ecce homo (,, ; "behold the man") are the Latin words used by Pontius Pilate in the Vulgate translation of the Gospel of John, when he presents a scourged Jesus, bound and crowned with thorns, to a hostile crowd shortly before His crucifixion (John 19:5). The original, is rendered by most English Bible translations, e.g. the Douay-Rheims Bible and the King James Version, as "behold the man". The scene has been widely depicted in Christian art.

A scene of the ecce homo is a standard component of cycles illustrating the Passion and life of Christ in art. It follows the stories of the Flagellation of Christ, the crowning with thorns and the mocking of Jesus, the last two often being combined: The usual depiction shows Pilate and Jesus, a mocking crowd which may be rather large, and parts of the city of Jerusalem.

But, from the 15th century in the West, and much earlier in the art of the Eastern church, devotional pictures began to portray Jesus alone, in half or full figure with a purple robe, loincloth, crown of thorns and torture wounds, especially on his head, and later became referred to as images of the Ecce homo. Similar subjects but with the wounds of the crucifixion visible (Nail wounds on the limbs, spear wounds on the sides), are termed a Man of Sorrows (also Misericordia). If the instruments of the Passion are present, it may be called an Arma Christi. If Christ is sitting down (usually supporting himself with his hand on his thigh), it may be referred to it as Christ at rest or Pensive Christ. It is not always possible to distinguish these subjects.

Eastern Christianity
Narrative scenes of the biblical moment are almost never shown in Eastern art, but icons of the single figure of the tortured Christ go back over a millennium, and have sometimes been called Ecce homo images by later sources. The first depictions of the ecce homo scene in the arts appear in the 9th and 10th centuries in the Syrian-Byzantine culture of the Antiochian Greek Christians.

Eastern Orthodox tradition generally refers to this type of icon by a different title: ″Jesus Christ the Bridegroom″. It derives from the words in, by which Jesus Christ reveals himself, in his Parable of the Ten Virgins according to the Gospel of Matthew, as the bearer of the most high joy.

The icon presents the bridegroom as a suffering Christ, mocked and humiliated by Pontius Pilate's soldiers before his crucifixion.

The daily Midnight Office summons the faithful to be ready at all times for the day of the Dread Judgement, which will come unexpectedly like "a bridegroom in the night". On Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, the first three days of Passion Week, the last week before Pascha, consecrated to the commemoration of the last days of the earthly life of the Saviour, the troparion is chanted: "Behold the Bridegroom Cometh at Midnight".

A Passion Play, presented in Moscow (27 March 2007) and in Rome (29 March 2007), recalls the words, with which "in Holy Scriptures Christ describes Himself as a bridegroom":

Western Christianity
Depictions of Western Christianity in the Middle Ages, e.g. the Egbert Codex and the Codex Aureus Epternacensis, seem to depict the ecce homo scene (and are usually interpreted as such), but more often than not only show the Crowning of thorns and the Mocking of Christ, which precede the actual ecce homo scene in the Bible. The independent image only developed around 1400, probably in Burgundy, but then rapidly became extremely popular, especially in Northern Europe.

The motif found increasing currency as the Passion became a central theme in Western piety in the 15th and 16th centuries. The ecce homo theme was included not only in the passion plays of medieval theatre, but also in cycles of illustrations of the story of the Passion, as in the Great Passion of Albrecht Dürer or the engravings of Martin Schongauer. The scene was (especially in France) often depicted as a sculpture or group of sculptures; even altarpieces and other paintings with the motif were produced (e.g. by Hieronymus Bosch or Hans Holbein). Like the passion plays, the visual depictions of the ecce homo scene, it has been argued, often, and increasingly, portray the people of Jerusalem in a highly critical light, bordering perhaps on antisemitic caricatures. Equally, this style of art has been read as a kind of simplistic externalisation of the inner hatred of the angry crowd towards Jesus, not necessarily implying any racial judgment.

The motif of the lone figure of a suffering Christ who seems to be staring directly at the observer, enabling him/her to personally identify with the events of the Passion, arose in the late Middle Ages. At the same time similar motifs of the Man of Sorrow and Christ at rest increased in importance. The subject was used repeatedly in later so-called old master prints (e.g. by Jacques Callot and Rembrandt), in the paintings of the Renaissance and the Baroque, as well as in Baroque sculptures.

Hieronymus Bosch painted his first Ecce Homo during the 1470s. He returned to the subject in 1490 to paint in a characteristically Netherlandish style, with deep perspective and a surreal ghostly image of praying monks in the lower left-hand corner.

In 1498, Albrecht Dürer depicted the suffering of Christ in the ecce homo of his Great Passion in unusually close relation with his self-portrait, leading to a reinterpretation of the motif as a metaphor for the suffering of the artist. James Ensor used the ecce homo motif in his ironic painting Christ and the Critics (1891), in which he portrayed himself as Christ.

Antonio Ciseri's 1871 Ecce Homo portrayal presents a semi-photographic view of a balcony seen from behind the central figures of a scourged Christ and Pilate (whose face is not visible). The crowd forms a distant mass, almost without individuality, and much of the detailed focus is on the normally secondary figures of Pilate's aides, guards, secretary and wife.

One of the more famous modern versions of the ecce homo motif was that by the Polish artist Adam Chmielowski, who went on to found, as Brother Albert, the Albertine Brothers (CSAPU) and, a year later, the Albertine Sisters (CSAPI), eventually becoming proclaimed a saint on 12 November 1989 by Pope John Paul II, the author of Our God's Brother, a play about Chmielowski, written between 1944 and 1950, when the future Pontiff and later himself a saint was a young priest. Ecce Homo (Chmielowski) (146 cm x 96.5 cm, unsigned, painted between 1879 and 1881), was significant in Chmielowski's life, as it is in Act 1 of Wojtyła's play. Pope John Paul II is said to have kept a copy of this painting in his apartment at the Vatican. The original can be viewed in the Ecce Homo Sanctuary of the Albertine Sisters in Kraków. It was painted at a time when the painter was going through an inner struggle, trying to decide whether to remain an artist, or to give up painting to pursue the calling to minister to the poor.

Especially in the 19th and 20th centuries, the meaning of ecce homo motif has been extended to the portrayal of suffering and the degradation of humans through violence and war. Notable 20th-century depictions are George Grosz's (1922–1923) and Lovis Corinth's Ecce Homo (1925). The 84 drawings and 16 watercolors of Grosz criticize the socio-political conditions of the Weimar Republic. Corinth shows, from the perspective of the crowd, Jesus, a soldier, and Pilate dressed as a physician. Following the Holocaust of World War II, Otto Dix portrayed himself, in Ecce Homo with self-likeness behind barbed wire (1948), as the suffering Christ in a concentration camp.

Artworks
These are images of the narrative type, with other figures, rather than the devotional Man of Sorrows type.
 * Ecce Homo (Bosch, 1470s), now Frankfurt
 * Ecce Homo (Bosch, 1490s), follower of Bosch, now Indianapolis and Philadelphia
 * Ecce homo (Mantegna), c. 1500, now Paris
 * Ecce Homo (Caravaggio), c. 1605, Genoa
 * Ecce Homo (Caravaggio, Madrid)
 * Ecce Homo (Rubens), c. 1612 Hermitage Museum
 * Ecce Homo (Luini), before 1532, Cologne
 * Ecce Homo (Daumier), 1850, Essen

Publications

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title: Ecce homo


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Herbert Burgess

Herbert Larry Burgess (25 February 1883 – 1954) was an English footballer.

Born in Openshaw, Manchester, Burgess began his football career with Glossop North End, but soon signed for Manchester City. He made his debut for City on 5 September 1903, playing at left back away to Stoke City on the opening day of the 1903–04 season. In 1906, in the wake of a scandal regarding players' wages, Manchester City were forced into selling most of their players, and Burgess was purchased by Manchester United along with Sandy Turnbull, Jimmy Bannister and Billy Meredith. After helping the club to the 1907–08 Football League title, Burgess left the club and moved to Denmark to play for Kristiania. He then emigrated to Hungary, where he played for MTK Budapest, before becoming their manager. In the 1920s, Burgess' managerial career took him to Italy, where he became the manager of Padova. He had a two-year spell at Milan before returning to Padova, but two years later he was on the move again, this time to Roma.

Burgess was capped four times for England.

title: Herbert Burgess


text:
Talk:Scottish Greens

Gaelic
Does this party have any stance about Scots and Gaelic languages?

If not, then why is it so important to translate it to Gaelic? I'm not against it, but then it should be translated to Scots too. --Amir E. Aharoni 13:19, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The reasons is that an ideological faction on wikipedia demands it perpetuate a false impression that gaelic and (their own loosely defined version of ) scots are actually commonly spoken languages in scotland, and on an equal footing with english. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.209.6.40 (talk) 10:38, 6 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Gaelic and Scots are two of the three internationally recognised indigenous languages in Scotland. Scots and ENglish are very similar and mutually intelligible in a lot of cases, but one can effect total confusion among English speakers when going into "full on" mode. BTW, Scots isn't just "slang" or lazy Modern English; it is related to Middle English and there are any number of terms which don't translate directly into English, but are interspersed with modern English usage. Polls have shown that there are significant numbers of people in Scotland who understand and still speak the language, even where they don't realise it.2.101.148.111 (talk) 09:55, 27 April 2016 (UTC) Lance Tyrell
 * Ahead of the 2016 Scottish Parliament elections there were several parties that mentioned languages in their manifestos. Within the manifesto published by the Scottish Greens was: "We support cultural ventures in all the languages of Scotland, including measures to encourage the use of Gaelic, the Scots tongue and the languages of those from minority ethnic backgrounds". . Drchriswilliams (talk) 07:22, 25 November 2016 (UTC)

Is "Pàrtaidh Uaine na h-Alba" really what they call themselves in Gaelic? That's the wrong word for green, I'd have thought? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gordonjcp (talk • contribs) 22:27, 24 November 2016 (UTC)
 * That phrase does appear in some official party newsletters. What aspect did you think was wrong? Drchriswilliams (talk) 07:22, 25 November 2016 (UTC)
 * "Uaine" as opposed to "glas". Uaine is green like paint or chemicals, glas is green like grass and trees.

Policy
The section on the the party's policy refers to "four interconnected principles" and then lists 5 dot-point statements.

Are there five principles or should two of them be amalgamated? --Mckinlayr 13:15, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

According to two should be amalgamated. I'll change it now Jh39 (talk) 17:54, 14 April 2009 (UTC)

Does the statement "These principles taken together give the Scottish Green Party a holistic view that is in common with all Green Parties around the world" need some supporting reference? Is there perhaps a relevant document published by the Global Greens? Laurel Bush (talk) 15:21, 22 December 2009 (UTC)

The statement seems to be a claim by the party itself It should be referenced as such Laurel Bush (talk) 15:41, 28 December 2009 (UTC)

I have now done a little rewrite, with some website references Laurel Bush (talk) 17:04, 28 December 2009 (UTC).

Fair use rationale for Image:Scotgrn.PNG
Image:Scotgrn.PNG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:23, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Confused intro
Excepting the 2007 election, the Party had increased its vote at every comparable election since 1999.

This sounds like party spin - one could equally talk about the vote going up and down in cycles. And at the moment the general election pages (bar 2005) are either showing just the English & Welsh Greens or showing all Green candidates under one total (which the media often do).

Although it currently only stands for the Scottish Parliament,

Is this a recent formal decision by the party? It stood in the last Westminster, European and local elections. Timrollpickering 19:09, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

This is basically wrong. Anihl (talk) 18:23, 18 June 2008 (UTC)
 * As these unsourced statements have been disputed by two separate editors I have now removed them from the article. If someone wishes to restore them, please provide a reference to a reliable source. Road Wizard (talk) 19:22, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

We Campaign?
The We Campaign is not a Scottish Green Party project - and is not a valid reference from the five principles listed here. Why has it been linked? Anihl (talk) 18:18, 18 June 2008 (UTC)
 * The link was established by GregManninLB (talk · contribs) in this edit. I can see no valid reason for the link and it appears to be wildly out of context from the sentence. I will remove it now. Road Wizard (talk) 18:44, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

Scottish Green party cooperation
Compromise. The article lists Green Party of England and Wales, the Green Party in Northern Ireland and the Green Party of Ireland. I propose to state that the Scottish Green party cooperates with the other Green Parties of UK and ROI. It's more factually accurate than GB&I or BI. --HighKing (talk) 00:24, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

 * But that's not a compromise, Bardy, because it achieves your objective of removing BI. Does it not co-operate with Green parties on the Isle of Man? TharkunColl (talk) 00:27, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Is there an Isle of Man Green party?? Anyway, the cooperation mainly stems from cooperation in the EU parliment as part of the EU Green Party, but there's also cooperation of sorts at a global level  --HighKing (talk) 00:43, 23 July 2008 (UTC)
 * And BTW, my objective is for accuracy. Yes, I'm focussing on usage of the term British Isles, but who knows what I'll focus on next.  I rather like the idea of making sure that usage of North America includes Canada and Mexico, and not a shorthand for USA.  Not sure yet... --HighKing (talk) 00:45, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

Political position and Scottish independence vs 'autonomy'
The political ideology section on the infobox used to state Green politics and Scottish independence. However, Scottish independence has now been replaced with 'Scottish Autonomy' by user Allotmentsrule, with autonomy linking to an article about devolution. The same user also changed the political position section from 'Left-wing' to 'Green'.

What is actually meant by 'autonomy' here, and is it really appropriate? I'm a Scottish Green Party member, and my understanding is that the party is still notionally in favour of Scottish independence. This issue was discussed at length at the 2008 Autumn Conference, and I understand that it resulted in a clarification that Greens' position on independence was distinct from the SNP's position, but I don't think that the result of this was a rejection of independence in favour of either the status quo or LibDem-style devolution-max or whatever. Admittedly, there's no mention of this issue whatsoever in the recent 2009 European Manifesto, but it's arguably not particularly relevant to this particular election, and I don't have the most recent version of the full policy document to hand either. At any rate, I've changed it back, unless anybody has information that the party have recently scrapped their policy of Scottish independence since the 2007 election.

As for the political position -- obviously both 'left-wing' and 'green' are highly subjective terms, and I don't think it needs to be the case of one or the other. However, I feel the 'green' element has already been emphasised in the infobox, as next to the political position it says 'Green politics'. Equally, the policies of the Scottish Green Party are clearly 'left-wing' at least by Scottish, British and Western European standards -- they are undoubtedly the most left-wing party with current representation in the Scottish Parliament, for instance. I've changed it back for now. Does anybody have any reason for why 'left-wing' is inappropriate here?

Benjaminkje (talk) 19:14, 24 May 2009 (UTC)

 * When it comes to these sort of questions parties advocating change seem to use an astounding variety of words to the point of obstufication/confusion. Leaving aside the issue of just what "independence" means within the EU (a not insignificant point when the largest party with "Independence" in its name is UKIP), you get "nationalist", "nation", "autonomous", "sovereign", "separatist" and all manner of bizarre constructions no-one can understand (anyone else remember Plaid Cymru's then-leader Dafydd Wigley trying to explain his party didn't want Wales to be independent but to have a seat at the UN, citing Soviet era Ukraine as their model?!). But is Scottish independence/whatever word a key defining feature of the Greens' ideology? Timrollpickering (talk) 23:19, 24 May 2009 (UTC)

 * I see what you mean. In the case of the Scottish Green Party, they certainly used the word 'independence' in their 2007 election manifesto, but yes, I agree that it can be rather confusing as to what this actually means. However, I'd argue that in a Scottish context, it's more or less universally accepted that 'Scottish independence' means the establishment of a Scottish state outwith the United Kingdom -- the question of EU membership tends to be put to one side, rightly or wrongly.

 * As to whether Scottish independence is a key defining feature of the Scottish Greens' ideology, I'd say that no, it isn't, ultimately. However, the issue of Scottish independence tends to be a defining feature of Scottish politics, the so-called 'constitutional question' having arguably been the main political issue in Scotland since the late 1960s, with parties increasingly perceived primarily in terms of 'Unionist' vs. 'Nationalist' by the media. So although from the Scottish Green Party's point of view, Scottish independence would ideally be no more defining than land value tax or a citizen's income scheme, I'd argue that it inevitably ends up being much more defining as a result of the particular political context here. Benjaminkje (talk) 21:00, 25 May 2009 (UTC)

 * I've seen it more in Wales but certainly the point about the EU has been raised by some as a counter to the charge that they want "independence" (and the potential negatives involved), albeit without actually clearly defining what they do want. It just adds to the uncertainty on the matter. (For another mess try to work out what the "autonomism" advocated by Action démocratique du Québec is - see the article talk page for more.)
 * What is clearer is that the Scottish Greens certainly don't pitch themselves heavily on the nation question - for instance their policy page doesn't highlight the issue whilst it's also not one of their defined principles. Whether we should let media perceptions override this is another matter. Timrollpickering (talk) 12:41, 17 December 2009 (UTC)

Seems to me citations are needed re use of labels like left wing, right wing, and Scottish independence, and I am not sure were to go for these except political news media A party's own propaganda can be very bland and non-committal, and if media perceptions are not challenged by a party then perhaps they do represent how the party is happy to be seen Laurel Bush (talk) 13:42, 26 January 2010 (UTC)

Full Manifesto
My website has a full copy of the Scottish Green Party manifesto. We're driving towards having a copy of all English-language political manifestos of every political party in the world on our site in the same/similar format. Most of the content on the Scottish Green Party website is contained in PDF files. As more and more manifestos are added over time, my site could become a useful resource for Wikipedia. Declaration of Interest: I own the site so shouldn't add the link myself. Full Scottish Green Party Manifesto

Looks useful, but I believe there is supposed to be also a "Policy Reference Document" - which may be difficult to get hold of Laurel Bush (talk) 15:27, 22 December 2009 (UTC)

Co-Leaders
There are a couple of problems with the Co-Leaders section of the page. I fixed these a while ago but the same errors have returned, namely:

1) Lorna Slater has been the party's Co-Leader since 2019. The current section confuses Parliamentary Leader with the Party Co-Leader.  If Parliamentary Leaders are to be introduced, this should have its own section rather than provide an inaccurate account of the party's leadership. 2) There is no such thing as 'Male Co-Leader' or 'Female Co-Leader.'  The only requirement is that one of the Co-Leaders be a woman, but it is also possible that two women could serve as Leaders. ShetlandElects (talk) 15:48, 19 October 2021 (UTC)

 * The article says, "A maximum of one of the co-leaders may identify as a man", so presumably both co-leaders could be men provided that at least one of them identified as non-binary or as a woman. JezGrove (talk) 08:14, 6 June 2024 (UTC)

History
I think the "History" section might now be too long to comfortably read and navigate. It also takes up a disproportionately large amount of the page compared to other sections. Maybe you could create a page called History of the Scottish Greens, like History of the Labour Party (UK) and put what is currently written in the history section here over there. Then perhaps revert back to the previous version of the "History" section before you began adding to it. Helper201 (talk) 23:55, 3 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Yep, I agree. When I was writing it, I was kinda basing it structurally of the Labour Party (UK), whcih with hindsight I also think is really annoying to read. Going to have a nose for some better examples and see, but you are correct.
 * But yeah, far, far far too much, I'll mull over it. And then stop, because I've written way too much of this article haha. Nordrhein-Westfalen-CanlntoSpace (talk) 00:09, 4 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Made some changes, but going to come back to it. Not entirely sure how to tackle the Government parts, both in 07 and present which could be shorter.
 * However, looking at pages like Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand and Green Party (Ireland) I think we need to be careful not to go too concise. But I think there's potentially another article (or pre-existing article for it to be moved to) for the government stuff, it is way too long. Nordrhein-Westfalen-CanlntoSpace (talk) 01:29, 4 January 2024 (UTC)
 * History of the Green Party of England and Wales. This page might be helpful to look over if you consider making a similar page on the history of this party. Helper201 (talk) 03:47, 4 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Scottish Greens


text:
Talk:Caffeine culture in Hong Kong

Untitled
I am not sure if caffeine is the right word to use, unless you explicitly want to exclude de-caf coffee?

perhaps caffeine is not the word you are looking for, but rather a translation of the word 'cha chaan teng'.

and is there caffeine in milk tea or do you mean theine?
 * According to the article on caffeine they're the same thing. - KC the MoUsY spell-checker 9 July 2005 06:24 (UTC)

The think is that we're going to talk about coffee from starbucks and pacific coffee so 'cha chaan teng' will not be the best word for it. Do you think decaff-coffee is also part of caffeine culture?

Our?
"Caffeine culture in Hong Kong is different from our general conception of coffee or tea as it had taken in a much different form in Hong Kong since the colonial era began in the early 18th century."

What does "our" refer to in this case? It isn't really NPOV, is it? - KC the MoUsY spell-checker 9 July 2005 06:24 (UTC)

Hot Coke?
Hong Kong people actually drink hot lemon coke? Is that supposed to say room-temperature?

Hot lemon coke is a folk remedy of Hong Kong people to cure cold. It is prepared by heating coke with lemons. not a daily drink but I can't find a notable link to cite here. Snowynight 05:05, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Caffeine culture in Hong Kong


text:
Rumer Willis

Rumer Glenn Willis (born August 16, 1988) is an American actress. The eldest daughter of actors Bruce Willis and Demi Moore, she made her acting debut opposite her mother in the coming-of-age drama Now and Then (1995). She subsequently appeared in films such as Striptease (1996), Hostage (2005), The House Bunny (2008), Sorority Row (2009) and Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019). She portrayed Gia Mannetti on The CW teen drama series 90210 (2009–2010) and Tory Ash on the FOX musical drama series Empire (2017–2018). Willis won season 20 of the ABC dance competition television series Dancing with the Stars, and made her Broadway debut as Roxie Hart in the musical Chicago on September 21, 2015.

Early life
Rumer Glenn Willis was born on August 16, 1988, at Western Baptist Hospital in Paducah, Kentucky, while her father, Bruce Willis, was filming In Country. She was named after author Rumer Godden. Her mother, actress Demi Moore, hired a cameraman to videotape her birth. She has two younger sisters, Scout LaRue Willis (b. 1991), and Tallulah Belle Willis (b. 1994), as well as two younger paternal half-sisters from her father's marriage to model Emma Heming, born in April 2012 and May 2014.

Raised in Hailey, Idaho, Willis enrolled as a freshman at the Interlochen Arts Academy in Interlochen, Michigan. In January 2004, she enrolled as a sophomore at Wildwood Secondary School in Los Angeles, California. She attended the University of Southern California for one semester before dropping out.

Career
In 1995, Willis made her film debut alongside her mother in Now and Then. The following year she appeared in Striptease (1996). She has worked with her father three times: in The Whole Nine Yards in 2000, Hostage in 2005 and Air Strike in 2018. She portrayed Joanne in the comedy film The House Bunny (2008) alongside Emma Stone, Colin Hanks and Anna Faris. The film was a commercial success, grossing $70 million worldwide. She played Natalie Wilburn in the horror film From Within (2008), which premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 25, 2008. In 2009, she appeared in two films, the slasher film Sorority Row and the high school comedy film Wild Cherry. She won "Breakthrough Performance Female" award at Young Hollywood Awards for her performance in Wild Cherry. She was nominated for "Choice Movie Actress: Horror/Thriller" at Teen Choice Awards for Sorority Row. In 2013, Willis landed the lead role of Maya in the drama film The Odd Way Home. She also appeared in films There's Always Woodstock (2014), Return to Sender (2014), The Escort (2015) and Hello Again (2017).

She had guest roles in television shows Miss Guided, Army Wives, CSI: NY, Medium, The Secret Life of the American Teenager, Hawaii Five-0 and Workaholics. Willis portrayed Gia Mannetti in ten episodes of the teen drama television series 90210 (2009–2010). In May 2013, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Willis will portray Zoe in the fourth season of Freeform's teen drama series Pretty Little Liars. She was a judge at Miss USA beauty pageant in 2014. In May 2015, Willis and professional dancer Valentin Chmerkovskiy won season 20 of ABC's dance competition television series Dancing with the Stars. From September 21 to November 1, 2015, Willis starred as Roxie Hart in Chicago on Broadway. W magazine noted that the past six months have been "a major breakout" for Willis." W magazine praised "her astonishing routines on the spring season of the show Dancing with the Stars, which she won with her partner Valentin Chmerkovskiy, that propelled Willis to new heights of fame. It also revealed the actress-singer to be a triple threat."

In 2016, she had a voice role on the stop-motion sketch comedy series Robot Chicken, in the episode "Yogurt in a Bag." On March 22, 2017, she had a recurring role in the third season of FOX's musical drama series Empire as Tory Ash. She became a series regular in Empire during the show's fourth season. In 2019, she appeared as a guest co-host in three episodes of CBS' talk show The Talk.

On February 20, 2019, she was revealed to be "Lion" on the first season of Fox's reality singing competition series The Masked Singer. She finished in the fifth place. Entertainment Weekly wrote that "Willis had commanded the stage with her vocal prowess and magnetic presence during the last eight weeks of the competition, proving time and again how powerful and versatile her singing skills truly are." Willis portrayed Joanna Pettet in the comedy drama film Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019) written and directed by Quentin Tarantino. The film has grossed $368.9 million worldwide, with The Hollywood Reporter writing that critics had "an overall positive view" of the film, calling it "Tarantino's love letter to '60s L.A." She portrayed sex worker Kayla in the social impact film Maya (2023), which raises awareness on child trafficking, domestic violence, alcoholism and child abuse. Inspired by real events, the film shows how predators use social media to lure teenagers. The film was met with positive reviews from critics, Film Threat writing: "Maya is an important film with great value for those who need to learn about this highly destructive underworld in our society."

She plays Ren in the upcoming comedy film My Divorce Party (2024), which follows a group of friends celebrating soon-to-be divorced Xan's, played by Desiree Staples, split. Xan decides to burn her divorce settlement money, but each friend has a different plan in mind. Written and directed by Heidi Weitzer, the film is set to be released on April 20, 2024.

Other ventures
She has appeared on the cover of several magazines, such as Page Six, Prestige, Us Weekly and The House Magazine and pictorials for Vanity Fair, Harper's Bazaar and The Sunday Times. In 2008, Willis ventured into the role of spokesperson for clothing brand Ocean Pacific.

In August 2023, the nursery at her house was featured in an issue of Architectural Digest. In November 2023, she partnered with Bumpsuit to create a baby carrier, titled Rumer Willis ‘Lou Blue’ x Bumpsuit.

Dancing with the Stars
On February 24, 2015, Willis was announced as one of the celebrities to compete on season 20 of Dancing with the Stars. Her professional partner was Valentin Chmerkovskiy. Her performance during week 1 earned her the highest score of the night (32 out of 40), and her performance during two rounds of competition in week 8 landed her two perfect scores.

On May 19, 2015, Willis and Chmerkovskiy were crowned the season's champions, winning over singer and actor Riker Lynch and army veteran Noah Galloway who took second and third place, respectively. Willis joined partner Valentin Chmerkovskiy and other Dancing with the Stars professionals on the 40-city "Dancing with the Stars: Perfect 10 Tour" during the summer of 2015.

Personal life
Since 2022, Willis has been in a relationship with singer Derek Richard Thomas. On December 20, 2022, Willis announced that she was pregnant with their first child. On April 18, 2023, she gave birth to a daughter.

title: Rumer Willis


text:
The Verve E.P.

Verve is the first EP by English rock band Verve, released in December 1992 on Vernon Yard Recordings in the United States and Hut Records in the United Kingdom. Two singles from the EP would reappear on the B-side compilation No Come Down ("Gravity Grave") and the singles compilation This Is Music: The Singles 92–98 ("Gravity Grave" and "She's a Superstar").

The EP captures the Verve's early style of experimental psychedelic rock.

The cover was shot in Richard Ashcroft's flat in Wigan. The person on the cover is Ashcroft's then-girlfriend Sarah Carpenter.

Track listing

 * 1) "Gravity Grave" (edit) – 4:27
 * 2) "A Man Called Sun" – 5:45
 * 3) "She's a Superstar" (edit) – 5:03
 * 4) "Endless Life" – 5:32
 * 5) "Feel" – 10:42

Personnel

 * The Verve
 * Richard Ashcroft – vocals
 * Nick McCabe – guitar
 * Simon Jones – bass
 * Peter Salisbury – drums
 * Technical
 * All tracks produced by Barry Clempson except "A Man Called Sun"
 * "A Man Called Sun" produced and mixed by Paul Schroeder
 * Mixed by Barry Clempson and Tony Harris, Paul Schroeder ("A Man Called Sun")
 * Photography by Michael Spencer Jones
 * Sleeve concept and design by Brian Cannon for Microdot

title: The Verve E.P.


text:
Jimmy Bannister

James Bannister (20 September 1880 – 18 December 1953) was an English footballer. Bannister was purchased by Manchester United from Manchester City in 1906. He helped the club win the 1908 league championship. He left United in 1909 to go to Preston North End.

title: Jimmy Bannister


text:
Marie of Hesse-Kassel

Marie Sophie Frederikke of Hesse-Kassel (28 October 1767 – 21/22 March 1852) was Queen of Denmark and Norway by marriage to Frederick VI. She served as regent of Denmark during the absence of her spouse in 1814–1815.

Early life
Marie was the eldest child of Landgrave Charles of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Louise of Denmark. Her father was the second son of the ruler of Hesse-Kassel, and as such, had no principality of his own. Thus he acted in such positions as were offered to cadet members of royal houses by their reigning relatives. Denmark-Norway offered more and better positions than the small Hesse-Kassel. Her mother was the third and youngest daughter of King Frederick V of Denmark-Norway and his consort, Louise of Great Britain. As such, she was the niece of King Christian VII and the Prince Regent Frederick, as well as their first cousin.

She was born in Hanau, but was raised in Slesvig in Denmark-Norway from 1769, when her father was appointed governor of the Danish duchies. Marie spent her early life in Gottorp Castle and at her mother's Danish country estate Louisenlund. Little is known of Marie's childhood, but the life of the little German court at Louisenlund, headed by Fraulein von Berlichingen, are described by her mother's lady-in-waiting Julie Stolberg as very simple, without great ceremony, and that the royal couple allowed their children to be raised very naturally. She was given a German education, and German was her first language. She was affected by her father's interest in mysticism, and was also fascinated by dreams. Marie was later to describe her childhood as happy, and often expressed that she missed the idyll of her childhood home and longed to visit it.

Crown Princess
After crown prince Frederick was declared of legal majority and resumed the regency in 1784, the Danish royal court started to make inquiries to arrange a marriage for him. Marie was among the candidates for the marriage, and described as literary interested, and reported to have composed poetry and have made a declamation of the Messiah. However, she was not the preferred candidate within the royal court, and it was pointed out both that Frederick did not share Marie's literary interests, and that she was further more given a much too free and unrestricted childhood. The influential half–sister of Frederick, Princess Louise Auguste of Denmark, reportedly feared that she would be replaced in her brother's affections, and her husband, the Duke of Augustenburg, likewise feared to have his influence diminished, and they were supported by a party at court which was opposed to Marie's father Prince Charles, who was widely unpopular. Frederick arranged his marriage against the will of both his court, council and also of his sister and brother-in-law, but he had the support of his future father-in-law, who attempted to gain influence in Danish state affairs through it.

Crown Prince Regent Frederick strongly disliked being affected in his choice by the court, and was eager to show himself independent to it. Marie was selected by her cousin as his spouse mainly as a way for him to demonstrate his independence from his court, who wanted a more political dynastic match. In the summer of 1787, Frederick made a visit to Prince Charles and his aunt Princess Louise at Gottorp Castle and met Marie as well. On 31 July 1790 in Gottorp, she married her first cousin Frederick, then crown prince and regent of Denmark-Norway.

The marriage was greeted with great enthusiasm by the public, as she was regarded as completely Danish and not a foreigner, and she was referred to as a daughter of the nation. Her official entrance into Copenhagen on 14 September 1790 was described as a triumph. The occasion was used by writers and the press to celebrate not only Marie, but also Frederick's enlightened rule and popularity, for which his marriage was taken as another proof because of Marie's status as a Dane. A known poem, Heibergs Indtogsvise, praised the marriage because "Frederick had chosen his bride among the daughters of the nation".

Crown Princess Marie was described as shy and reserved, particularly as she did not master the Danish language, and her shyness was interpreted as haughtiness, while her sister-in-law Louise Augusta continued to be the center of the royal court and the most popular female member of the royal family. This was illustrated by an incident at the Royal Danish Theatre in 1792, when Republican sentiments grew in Copenhagen during the victories of the revolutionary French army under Dumouriez, the crown princess, who entered her box with a deeper nod as greeting to the public than usual, was met by the comment "Look at that, if Dumoriez has not taught the princess to be civil!", while her sister-in-law was greeted by the public with the shouts "Welcome, Darling Augusta!" Within the circles of the royal court and nobility, Marie was viewed as a threat to the popular Louise Augusta, and was compared unfavorably with her. She was criticized at court for being too proud, of driving a wedge between the crown prince at the Augustenburg party, and of not being accommodating enough toward her sister-in-law. Marie, however, is known to have been eager to come to terms with her sister-in-law, and at least on one known occasion to have asked her to forgive her if she had caused her any offence. Her father introduced her and the crown prince to circles invested in German religious mysticism, and the princely couple, Prince Charles, Andreas Peter Bernstorff and Augusta Bernstorff, are known to have invited Lavater to Denmark in 1793. Lavater did visit them in the summer of 1793, and has described Marie as a lovable young child.

Crown Princess Marie was put under immense pressure to produce a male heir to the throne, as the main line of the royal family was in danger of being extinguished. She gave birth to son who died in 1791, and lost several children in the following years, with only two daughters alive, who were not considered suitable heirs to the throne because of their gender. She accepted the death of her children with the words "God's will be done" and expressed herself happy with the children who did live, and her humble and brave attitude during her childbirths was admired and contributed to defeat the hostility at court voiced by the Reventlow-Bernstorft-Schimmelmann-Party, and replaced it with admiration.

As for the relationship with Frederick, Marie described herself privately to the wife of Christian Ditlev Frederik Reventlow as "the happiest of wives". During the fire of Christiansborg Palace in 1794, Andreas Peter Bernstorff described Marie in a letter:
 * "She is, in the truest sense of the word, a Wife and Mother and she does not aspire to be more than that. When I saw her in a terrifying moment, when she did not know, whether anything of her possessions had been saved, she met me with her child, who had not yet been inoculated against the small pocks, on her arm. She said then: 'As of me, I have my treasure', while patting the head of the little princess."

Marie eventually became popular within the small circle of people who came to know her, but her reserved nature did not make her popular among the wider court or public and she was disliked for not being seen very often in public by the side of the crown prince when she might have been expected to be, as she abhorred representational duties.

In 1805, the crown prince couple moved to Kiel to be close to the border during because of the threatening proximity of Napoleon in Germany, and Marie was to remain there until 1809. She enjoyed the years in Kiel very much: court life and representation was reduced, she was able to visit her parents in Gottorp and Louisenlund, and she referred to the years in Kiel as a paradise. In 1808, the burghers of Kiel built a pavilion and presented it to Marie as a gift.

Queen
In 1808, Frederick became king, and Marie queen. On 31 October 1809, she made her second official entry to Copenhagen, this time as queen, an occasion which has been described as a moment when her personal popularity among the public was demonstrated.

During her husband's last years as crown prince, he often spent long periods in Copenhagen while she remained in Kiel, and these years created a distance between them. When her last childbirth in 1808 resulted in an injury which prevented further intercourse, she was forced to accept her spouse's adultery with Frederikke Dannemand. The relationship between Marie and Frederick VI after this was described as a respectful friendship, and the political turmoil of the time reportedly created a trusting relationship between them. The writer Ingemann wrote of her: "She wore the crown with dignity and with a bleeding heart."

Marie was interested in politics, genealogy and history. She had started to take an interest in politics during her years in Kiel. She was more often noted to speak of politics with people to acquire knowledge, was courted by the Reventlow-Stolberg Party, and was opposed to Napoleon and the alliance with France. She inspired Frederick VI to take the later Christian IX of Denmark into his family in 1825, and he arrived in Denmark in 1832. Marie also took an interest in history and literature. She became more acquainted with the native Danes, finally learned the Danish language more fluently, took an interest in Danish literature and was known to read aloud the works of Oehlenschlager and Ingemann. Her lady-in-waiting Amalie Münster, who was a literary person, attracted many artists to the circle of the queen.

As queen she is described as serene, peaceful and dignified. Elise Bernstorff, married to minister Christian August Bernstorff described Marie in 1810:
 * "We were very happy about the kindness of our gracious queen, her excellent, pure French, her in truth princely distance, her dignified and still graceful personality and her friendliness, which was always the same. She wished to win people over, and you were grateful that she wished it so, when princesses from later era in their wish to be truthful when to far and thus seemed proud. It was her longing to be loved by her people, by all classes of her people, and she became truly lovable in this quest. She had been a beauty in her youth, and that youth lasted long, for in 1810 she was still youthful in her appearance, and she was born in 1767."

She was nevertheless known to be strict in regards to etiquette and protocol. Among her closest friends were the courtier Rantzau Breitenburg, who commented about their friendship, that she viewed him as her confessor. Rantzau Breitenburg described the queen as terrified of making the king or the public displeased with her, and therefore very anxious and hesitant to take initiatives.

Queen Marie was regent of Denmark from 5 September 1814 to 1 June 1815, during the absence of her spouse in the Vienna Congress in Austria. Marie took her office as regent with ambition, and she was regarded to have performed her duties well during her regency. When she took her seat on her first day in the regency, she read aloud her own Exposé de la situation politique du Danemarc as her opening speech, a summary of the Danish foreign policy since 1807, which had placed Denmark-Norway, as an ally of Napoleon, in the difficult situation it was in 1814, and an analysis of the political condition of Denmark.

By doing so she voiced concerns widely felt in Denmark at the time, where there was great discontent with the king's policy during the Napoleonic wars, and she was therefore greeted with great enthusiasm during her regency. In October 1814, a foreign spectator noted, "This Princess was greeted at the theater yesterday with great cheers", and the following year, "The queen was greeted with unanimous cheers at the theatre. How times changes! There was a time when one referred to her as 'German Maria', but now its different". She excused Frederick VI in regard to the Norwegian question, and strongly criticized the behavior of King Christian Frederik of Norway, though she did send him a ship to evacuate him from Norway and bring him back to Denmark.

From the end of her regency in 1815 until the death of Frederick VI in 1839, her life as queen was a quiet one and she participated in social life only when necessary to fulfill her representational duties. One of the reasons for her reclusive lifestyle was reportedly the injury from her last childbirth, which evidently made it necessary for her to move about more carefully. In 1822–24, Marie anonymously published the genealogy ''Supplement-Tafeln zu Joh. Hubners genealogischen Tabellen'', a genealogy with historical notes. Reportedly, she kept a diary since her wedding and wrote her memoirs with support of it, but as she had ordered it burnt in her will, it is no longer kept. From 1815, she protected the women's charity organisation Det Kvindelige Velgørende Selskab.

During the reign of Frederick, particularly after the end of the Napoleonic wars, the royal family became a popular symbol of family life, as the king appeared to the public in the capital walking in the park with his wife and daughters, and sailing with them along the canal.

Queen Dowager
Marie was widowed in 1839. As a widow, she retired from public life to a peaceful existence divided by Fredericksburg and Amalienborg, respected as a symbol of the former dynasty line.

Reportedly, she was a stranger to politics during her later life, but the strife between the branches of the family during the succession crisis and the rebellion in Holstein pained her. Marie could not understand the split caused by the emerging nationalism, nor the political conflicts caused by the demands of an emerging democracy, and was confused about the new ideas of the time. Anders Sandøe Ørsted wrote:
 * "No one mourned more deeply about the split, which during her last years emerged in the parts of the nation which was stilled united, she could not even grasp the possibility of it."

Bishop Martensen noted her sorrow over the war with Schleswig-Holstein and that she did not understand the new ideas of a nation, and that she once said:
 * " When one is a person of the nobility, is it not pointless, if one is a Dane or German?"

Marie died at Amalienborg on 21 March 1852.

Children
Marie and Frederick VI had eight children. None of Frederick VI's sons survived infancy, however, and when he died in 1839, he was succeeded by his cousin, Christian VIII of Denmark. The only surviving children of King Frederick VI and Queen Marie were their two daughters:

 * Christian (Copenhagen, 22 September 1791 – Copenhagen, 23 September 1791)
 * Marie Louise (Copenhagen, 19 November 1792 – Frederiksborg, 12 October 1793)
 * Caroline (Copenhagen, 28 October 1793 – Copenhagen, 31 March 1881), married to her father's first cousin Frederick Ferdinand of Denmark, (d. 1863) some months before his nephew Frederik VII of Denmark, Hereditary Prince of Denmark, son of Christian VIII of Denmark. Childless.
 * Louise (Copenhagen, 21 August 1795 – Copenhagen, 7 December 1795)
 * Christian (Copenhagen, 1 September 1797 – Copenhagen, 5 September 1797)
 * Juliana Louise (Copenhagen, 12 February 1802 – Copenhagen, 23 February 1802)
 * Frederikke Marie (Copenhagen, 3 June 1805 – Copenhagen, 14 July 1805)
 * Vilhelmine Marie (Kiel, 18 January 1808 – Glücksburg, 30 May 1891), firstly married to her second cousin Prince Frederik of Denmark, the future Frederick VII of Denmark, but they divorced, and she married secondly her first cousin Karl, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, who was eldest brother of the future Christian IX of Denmark. Both her marriages were childless.

Queen Marie lamented her lack of sons and grandchildren. When her youngest sister, Duchess Louise Caroline of Lyksborg, became a widow when most of her large brood of children were as yet very young, Queen Marie accepted some of the younger ones into her tutelage in the royal household. They were much younger than the queen's two surviving daughters. One such foster child of hers was the future Christian IX of Denmark, born in 1818.

Christian of Lyksborg and his wife Louise of Hesse-Kassel named their second daughter, Marie Sophie Frederikke Dagmar of Lyksborg (born 1847), in the queen's honor as her namesake. After her death in 1852, that girl became Tsarina Maria Fedorovna of Russia, preserving there the queen's first name (Maria/Marie).

She became the 292nd Dame of the Royal Order of Queen Maria Luisa on 17 April 1834.

title: Marie of Hesse-Kassel


text:
San Diego Riptide

The San Diego Riptide was a professional arena football team based in San Diego, California. The team played its home games at the San Diego Sports Arena.

The team was officially announced to the media on January 15, 2002.

The team was originally coached by Cree Morris, then Mouse Davis and finally by Sean Ponder.

The Riptide never officially announced that it had ceased operations, but never came back from its hiatus after the 2005 season, and the AF2 folded into the AFL following the latter's 2009 bankruptcy.

Season-by-season
!Totals || 27 || 39 || 0
 * 2002 || 7 || 9 || 0 || 2nd NC Western || Won Round 1 (San Diego 40, Bakersfield 27) Lost NC Semifinals (Peoria 22, San Diego 12)
 * 2003 || 6 || 10 || 0 || 4th NC Western || --
 * 2004 || 8 || 8 || 0 || 3rd NC Western || --
 * 2005 || 5 || 11 || 0 || 5th NC Western || --
 * 2004 || 8 || 8 || 0 || 3rd NC Western || --
 * 2005 || 5 || 11 || 0 || 5th NC Western || --
 * 2005 || 5 || 11 || 0 || 5th NC Western || --
 * 2005 || 5 || 11 || 0 || 5th NC Western || --
 * colspan="2"| (including playoffs)
 * }

title: San Diego Riptide


text: User talk:68.52.75.249

title: User talk:68.52.75.249


text:
Arizona's Instrument to Measure Standards

Arizona's Instrument to Measure Standards (AIMS) was a standardized test administered by the state of Arizona. AIMS was a standards-based assessment aligned with the Arizona Academic Content Standards. In November 2014, the Arizona State Board of Education voted to replace AIMS with a new test called AzMERIT (Arizona's Measurement of Educational Readiness to Inform Teaching).

Test contents
The content of AIMS varied by grade level, but it usually featured three reading and mathematics sections, as well as a writing portion, where students were assigned to write an essay based on a prompt given to them. For some grade levels, the test included a science portion in lieu of a writing section.

High School Graduation
To graduate from an Arizona public high school, a student had to meet the AIMS High School Graduation Requirement. The most common way to meet this requirement was to pass the writing, reading, and mathematics content areas of the AIMS HS test. High school students had multiple opportunities to take and pass these content areas. For students who did not pass all three required content areas of the AIMS HS test, there were alternative methods for meeting the AIMS High School Graduation requirement. This requirement was dropped after the test was replaced by the AzMERIT test.

AIMS scholarships
Additionally, starting with the class of 2006, high-school students in Arizona who exceeded all three standards in reading, writing, and math may have been eligible for a scholarship to any of the three public state universities if they also met certain other criteria. Students must have completed all 16 core competency courses (4 units English, 4 units Math, 3 units Lab Science, 2 units Social Science, 2 units Foreign Language, and 1 unit Fine Arts) by graduation with a B or better in each course. Students must have also met at least one of the following academic requirements: A cumulative GPA of 3.5 or higher on an unweighted 4.0 scale, or rank in the top 5% of their graduating class.

If a student did not exceed standards on all three tests, they may have still qualified for a scholarship if they exceeded standards on two of the AIMS sections and met standards on the other section. Additionally, they would have either needed to receive at least a score of 3 on two Advanced Placement tests or at least a score of 4 on two International Baccalaureate exams.

Qualified students would receive a full state university tuition waiver valid for one year following graduation from high school. The scholarship was renewable for four years based upon university-determined criteria. The actual dollar amount of the scholarship varied based upon the tuition charged by the state university in which they enrolled.

On September 23, 2010, the Arizona Board of Regents voted 9-1 to cut AIMS scholarships to just 25% of freshman year tuition, stating that the scholarship was too easy to earn. Students also had to have an ACT score of at least 28 or an SAT-1 score of at least 1300 (i.e. the reading and mathematics scores must have been at least 1300). The changes in AIMS scholarships applied beginning with the graduating class of 2013.

Additional facts
In 2007, the AIMS Test began to report out Lexile measures for students in grades 3-8 and 10. A Lexile measure can be used to match readers with targeted text and monitor growth in reading ability.


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Canadian Senate

Canadian Senate
-- Emsworth 19:09, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, although could use one or two more pictures. (Getting pretty cocky, eh Emsworth? Not even bothering to explain your case in the description and marking it as a minor edit? Haha!) [[Image:Flag_of_Australia.svg|30px]] plattopustalk 19:16, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, I have very rarely made comments when nominating, aside from "self nomination" or some such phrase. -- Emsworth 20:09, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Phils 21:42, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support because what is there is very good. Observations for improvement: 1) I'd really like to see some inline citations, using whatever format you like, Footnote3, and Template talk:Inote (invisible notes) are good ones. 2) There is still room for significant wikification it seems. 3) The power of the Governor General to "stack the deck" with eight extra Senators seems important enough to note in the lead as an example of the Senate's lack of power, but I'd leave that to your discretion. - Taxman 21:50, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * I chose not to include that power in the lead, since it is so rarely used, and is rather obscure. (It has only been used once in the past 140+ years.) -- Emsworth 22:30, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I think the article should include something about the Senate's role in the dispute over the 1989 Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement. Mwalcoff 07:37, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Lorddude 04:37, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC) This looks pretty good.


text: User talk:168.156.115.76

title: User talk:168.156.115.76