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Jimmy Clitheroe

James Robinson Clitheroe (24 December 1921 – 6 June 1973) was an English comic entertainer. He is best remembered for his long-running BBC Radio programme, The Clitheroe Kid (1956–72).

Early years
Jimmy Clitheroe was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire, England on Christmas Eve, 1921 to weavers Emma Pye and James Robert Clitheroe, who had married in 1918. His place of birth was his maternal grandparents' home at 58 Wilkin Street (now called Highfield Road). His childhood was spent in the mill village of Blacko, near Nelson, living at 14 Spout Houses, a row of terraced houses below Blacko Tower. He attended the Council School up to the age of 12, when he transferred to Barrowford Board School for his final two years, in an era when education was compulsory only up to the age of 14.

An only child, he was named after his mother's younger brother, James Robinson Pye, who had been born in Clitheroe in 1894 and was killed in action in the First World War.

According to newspapers in 1938, at the age of 16 he was 3 ft tall. Although his father was over 6 ft tall, Jimmy never grew any taller than 4 ft – about average for an eight or nine-year-old boy. His small size was thought to be caused by his thyroid gland being damaged at birth during a forceps delivery. According to Robert Ross, however, Jimmy's small size was due to a rare genetic disorder and until later life he could easily pass for an 11-year-old, which was the character he played on stage, in his early films, and on radio and television.

Career
Being unable to work in the weaving sheds with his parents, as he was too short to reach the looms, Clitheroe worked for a time in a bakery in Nelson, but was also touring the variety theatres in Yorkshire and Lancashire from 1937 as a boy accordionist, and also played the xylophone and saxophone. Later, he bought a caravan to live in whilst touring the various towns in whose theatres he appeared. He made his first pantomime appearance in 1938, alongside the bumptious "Two Ton" Tessie O'Shea. In pantomime he was usually cast as Buttons, Tom Thumb, or Wishee Washee. He moved into films from 1940 (thanks to a chance meeting with top of the bill stars Arthur Lucan and Kitty McShane) and radio from 1954 (initially on the BBC's regional Home Service North, and subsequently on the nationwide BBC Light Programme, then television (with ITV, produced by ABC Television in their Manchester studios) from 1963.

During the 1940s, Clitheroe appeared in pantomime and summer season dates, and in films, with stars of the day including Arthur Lucan (as Old Mother Riley), George Formby, Vera Lynn, and Frank Randle. In 1959, Clitheroe was invited to take part in the Royal Command variety show, in the presence of the Queen Mother.

His long-running radio programme on the BBC, The Clitheroe Kid, was broadcast from 1956 until August 1972. His catchphrase was "Don't some mothers 'ave 'em!" Two versions of the radio series were produced for television on the ITV network: That's My Boy! (which ran for seven episodes in 1963), and Just Jimmy (which ran for 5 years, between 1964 and 1968). Mollie Sugden, who had worked with Clitheroe in his stage shows, played his mother in the latter series. Clitheroe owned a bookmaker's shop on Springfield Road, Blackpool, and the Fernhill Hotel at Preesall. He appeared on the Blackpool stage from 1936 until 1971. In September 1972 The Clitheroe Kid was cancelled by the BBC after a 16-year run.

Personal life
From 1960 onwards, Clitheroe lived in a bungalow at 118 Bispham Road in Blackpool with his mother, to whom he was devoted. His father had died on 9 January 1951, from complications arising from injuries sustained in the First World War. Jimmy was godfather to co-star Diana Day's daughter. She named her son James after him. Clitheroe never married.

For many years he drove a Mercedes car, with blocks on the pedals, adapted by mechanic Michael Darbyshire so that his feet could reach them. Appearing to be an underage driver, he could seldom complete a journey without attracting the attention of the police.

Illness and death
On 30 March 1973, Clitheroe collapsed in his hotel room in Plymouth, while touring in a variety show, and spent four days in hospital.

Jimmy Clitheroe died on 6 June 1973 from an accidental overdose of sleeping pills, combined with seven brandies, on the day of his mother's funeral. He was found unconscious in bed by relatives and died later that day in hospital in Blackpool. His mother had died five days before, aged 84. His funeral was held at Carleton Crematorium, Blackpool, on 11 June 1973, where for many years he was commemorated by a plaque attached to memorial tree Number 3. Over 300 people attended.

Filmography

 * Old Mother Riley in Society (1940) with Lucan and McShane – as Boots
 * Much Too Shy (1942) with George Formby – as Jimmy
 * Rhythm Serenade (1943) with Dame Vera Lynn – as Joey
 * Somewhere in Politics (1948) with Frank Randle – as Sonny
 * School for Randle (1949) with Frank Randle – as Jimmy
 * Stars in Your Eyes (1956) with Nat Jackley – as Joey
 * Jules Verne's Rocket to the Moon (1967) with Burl Ives – as General Tom Thumb

title: Jimmy Clitheroe


text:
User:6~enwiki

6 <--- This is not a number.

Yes it is. M.C. Brown Shoes 04:43, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

No it isn't.

Yes it is. The Laxative (talk) 10:40, 13 June 2009 (UTC)

Dude, it really is. Downloadmeh (talk) 18:17, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:6~enwiki


text:
Corey Glover

Corey Michael Glover (born November 6, 1964) is an American singer. He is the lead vocalist of the rock band Living Colour and has toured as the vocalist for the funk band Galactic. As an actor, he played Francis in the 1986 war movie Platoon.

Career
Glover was born in Brooklyn, New York City. He was an aspiring actor when guitarist Vernon Reid drafted him into Living Colour in 1985, reportedly after seeing Glover singing "Happy Birthday" at a friend's party. He had appeared in a recruiting commercial for the United States Army, as Pvt. Francis in Oliver Stone's Vietnam War film, Platoon, and starred in a short-lived television series called Signs of Life. He has also hosted various shows on VH1.

Living Colour found immediate success with the release of their debut album, Vivid in 1988. It eventually went platinum in April 1989 and again five years later. The album's single "Cult of Personality" won the 1989 Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance and the band was named Best New Artist at the MTV Video Music Awards. Living Colour released two more albums (Time's Up and Stain) before splitting up in 1995. After the split, Glover started a solo career as Reverend Daddy Love and formed the band Vice with guitarist Mike Ciro.

In 1995, Glover participated with an ensemble of notable vocalists, guitarists, bassists, and drummers, including the London Metropolitan Orchestra, to record a Jimi Hendrix tribute album named In From The Storm. Glover provided the vocals for tracks 7 and 8, which were In From The Storm (title track) and Drifting.

Living Colour reunited on December 21, 2000, at CBGB's during a set by Will Calhoun and Doug Wimbish's live drum 'n' bass duo, Headfake. Glover guested on three songs, and Vernon Reid joined them three songs into the set. The reunion was followed by the release of the band's fourth studio album Collideøscope in October 2003.

In August 2006, Glover began co-headlining a national tour of Jesus Christ Superstar, playing the role of Judas Iscariot opposite Ted Neeley. He took the place of singer Carl Anderson, who had played Judas since 1971 alongside Neeley and was set to reprise the role, but had died of leukemia in 2004. The tour ran through 2010. Glover told Neeley that when he was a child, seeing the movie version of the show was what made him decide to be an entertainer. In June 2008, Glover left the show to rejoin with Living Colour and to work on the next CD.

Also in a major 2006 performance, Glover sang "Superstar" (from the musical Jesus Christ Superstar) at the 29th Kennedy Center Honors to its composer, honoree Andrew Lloyd Webber.

On September 15, 2009, Living Colour released their fifth studio album, The Chair in the Doorway.

In 2010, Glover began touring as the vocalist for the band Galactic.

In 2011, Glover decided, through the use of Pledgemusic to ask fans to participate in a follow-up to Hymns. Instead of going through a corporate entity and record executives, Glover asked fans to help fund his next recording, to be released by late 2012.

Glover toured North America in 2012 with Galactic and Soul Rebels Brass Band. On March 29, 2012, the two bands appeared on the late night talk show Conan on TBS.

In November 2012, Glover released The Pledge through Pledgemusic – a Direct-To-Fan Project, which offers various incentives at different prices, as well as access to Pledger-Only items.

In 2015, he appeared on two tracks on indie rapper and producer Decora's debut solo record Bread and Oats. "Glover's mind-expanding contributions included "Nantucket," a breakup track with his "I met this girl from Nantucket / She will electrify your mind" phasing in and out over bird calls and flutes, and "Beautiful Bitch," a 7-minute epic with him intoning "why you such a beautiful bitch" over a spaced instrumental reminiscent of Mozart by way of Nine Inch Nails."

In 2018 Glover teamed up with guitarist George Lynch, drummer Chris Moore, and bassist Pancho Tomaselli to form the rock group Ultraphonix. He also formed a new metal project called Disciples of Verity, and an album was released in 2020.

In 2023, Billboard ranked Glover #45 on its list of 50 Greatest Rock Lead Singers of All Time.

Solo

 * In From the Storm – The Music of Jimi Hendrix (1995)
 * Sonic Adventure Remix (1998)
 * Hymns (1998)
 * Live at CBGB's 12/4/97 (1998)
 * Live at Wetland (1999)
 * The Pledge (2012)

With Ultraphonix

 * Original Human Music (2018)

With Disciples of Verity

 * Pragmatic Sanction (2020)

Stage work

 * Fallen Angel (1994)
 * Jesus Christ Superstar – Judas Iscariot (2006–2008)

title: Corey Glover


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2005 Spanish Grand Prix

The 2005 Spanish Grand Prix (formally the Formula 1 Gran Premio Marlboro de España 2005) was a Formula One motor race, held on 8 May 2005 at Circuit de Catalunya in Montmeló, Spain.

Background
The BAR-Honda did not take part in this race, serving the first of a two race ban following irregularities at the San Marino Grand Prix.

Qualifying
Kimi Räikkönen drove to the pole position before Mark Webber, who set the fastest lap during the second qualifying session to claim the front row, leaving championship leader Fernando Alonso on the second row in third.

Race
Right from the start Räikkönen started pulling away at a blistering pace, setting the fastest lap thirteen times in only twenty four laps. Alonso's tyres wore down and he was forced to take care of them and come home in second place, never taking the lead from Räikkönen.

Webber had a dismal start, losing second and then third to Alonso and Ralf Schumacher, respectively. After the first round of pitstops he lost three positions and had to battle his way back to finish in sixth. Alonso's teammate Giancarlo Fisichella moved around constantly in the field, but managed to end up in fifth from sixth on the grid.

Jarno Trulli had a good race, ending up on the podium in third ahead of his teammate Ralf Schumacher, who fell behind after the first round of pitstops. Meanwhile, Räikkönen's teammate Juan Pablo Montoya had an average race, moving around in the field but still only managing a seventh place. It was his return from a two-race absence to recover from a shoulder injury. David Coulthard claimed the final points-paying position in eighth after starting from ninth.

Some of the retirements included Michael Schumacher, whose tyre failed on lap 47, his third retirement of the year. Jacques Villeneuve also had to retire on lap 52 after a water leak resulted in his engine overheating.

This was Räikkönen's first victory of 2005.

Friday drivers
The bottom 6 teams in the 2004 Constructors' Championship were entitled to run a third car in free practice on Friday. These drivers drove on Friday but did not compete in qualifying or the race.

Qualifying

 * Notes
 * – Tiago Monteiro and Rubens Barrichello received a 10-place grid penalty for engine changes.
 * – Nick Heidfeld received a 20-place grid penalty for engine changes.

Championship standings after the race

 * Drivers' Championship standings

 * Constructors' Championship standings

 * Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.

title: 2005 Spanish Grand Prix


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Phyllanthus acidus

Phyllanthus acidus, known as the Otaheite gooseberry, Malay gooseberry, Tahitian gooseberry, country gooseberry, star gooseberry, starberry, arbari, West India gooseberry, Grosella, or simply gooseberry tree, is one of the trees with small edible yellow berries in the family Phyllanthaceae. Despite its name, the plant does not resemble the gooseberry, except for the acidity of its fruits.

Description
Phyllanthus acidus is an intermediary between a shrub and tree, reaching 2 to 9 m (6½ to 30 ft) high. The tree's dense and bushy crown is composed of thickish, tough main branches, at the end of which are clusters of deciduous, greenish, 15-to-30-cm long branchlets. The branchlets bear alternate leaves that are ovate or lanceolate in form, with short petioles and pointed ends. The leaves are 2–7.5 cm long and thin, they are green and smooth on the upperside and blue-green on the underside. In general, the Otaheite gooseberry tree very much looks like the bilimbi tree.

The flowers can be male, female or hermaphrodite. They are small and pinkish and appear in clusters in 5-to-12.5-cm long panicles. Flowers are formed at leafless parts of the main branches, at the upper part of the tree. The fruits are numerous, oblate, with 6 to 8 ribs, and densely clustered. They are pale yellow or white, waxy, crisp and juicy, and very sour. 4 to 6 seeds are contained in a stone at the center of each fruit.

Origin and distribution
This tropical or subtropical species is found throughout Asia and also in the Caribbean region, Central and South America. In Puerto Rico is called "Grosella".

While its origin is uncertain, the species may have originated in Madagascar. It was found in other parts of South Asia early; according to Eduardo Quisumbing, it was brought to the Philippines in prehistoric times. It spread across the Indian Ocean to Réunion and Mauritius and crossed the Pacific to Hawaii. It expanded to the Caribbean in 1793, when William Bligh carried the plant from Timor to Jamaica.

The tree is common in Guam, Micronesia (where it is called ceremai or cerama), South Vietnam (called chùm ruột), Laos, Cambodia[called Kantuot /កន្ទួត],northern Peninsular Malaysia (called cerme and cermai), India (called - (Tamil-தமிழ்-[அரை நெல்லிக்காய்], chalmeri, harpharoi, Nellikai in Kannada, Laheri (Kokborok) Harfi, Arunellikai, Abazhanga, Nellipuli (Malayalam-നെല്ലിപുളി), Usiri(in Telugu-ఉసిరి), Khatamada, Arinelli, Bimbool, Arinellika, Kiru Nerle, Mara Nelli, Amla, Gihori (Manipuri), Nōṛa (Bengali-নোড়)  in West Bengal and Bangladesh and rosavale (in Konkani) in Goa) and RayAwala रायआवळा in Marathi. It is still found in the Philippines (called iba in Tagalog and karmay in Ilokano), and if not widely, in Cambodia (called kantuet) and Thailand (called mayom). In Grenada, the fruit is called a damsel. In St. Lucia, the fruit is known as "see-wet". In the United States, it is found in Hawaii, and occasionally southern parts of Texas, Florida. It is also found in Puerto Rico (where the fruit is called grosella), Ecuador, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname (where it's also called grosella, as well as ronde, birambi or guinda depending on the region), US Virgin Islands, Peru and Brazil.

Cultivation
The Otaheite gooseberry prefers moist soil. It can be cultivated in a variety of ways—budding, cutting and air-layering—in addition to the usual seed growth. The tree is cultivated for its ornamental value, but also for food and medicinal purposes. While it produces some fruit throughout the year, it is mainly harvested in January except in South India, where it bears crops in April–May and again in August–September. As the fruit does not soften when ripe, it is harvested when the fruit begins to drop.

Nutrition
P. acidus contains 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, adenosine, kaempferol and hypogallic acid.

Culinary
Various parts of the plant are used for food. In Bangladesh, India and Indonesia, the cooked leaves are eaten. While the fruit is eaten fresh, and is sometimes used as flavoring for other dishes in Indonesia, it is generally regarded as too tart to eat by itself in its natural form and is processed further. It is candied in sugar or pickled in salt, used in chutney, relish or preserves. In the Philippines, it is used to make vinegar as well as eaten raw, soaked in salt or vinegar-salt solution and sold along the roadside. It is candied as well, usually stored in jars with syrup. They make these into a syrup in Malaysia. Liberally sugared, it is also used to make fruit juice. In Thailand it is used as an ingredient to make Som tam, to make pickled, boil in syrup (Ma-Yom Chuam).

Medically
The plant is also used medicinally. The peppered leaves are used to make a poultice to treat sciatica, lumbago and rheumatism (but have been observed to cause low blood pressure when combined with nitrates), while the seeds are used as a cathartic and the root, if prepared with care, as a purgative. The syrup is used to medicate the stomach, and in India the fruit is eaten as a blood-enhancer for the liver; a lehyam, nellikai lekiyam, for which the salient ingredient is gooseberry fruit, is offered to children to boost their immunity.

Materials
While the wood is strong and durable if properly treated, the tree is not large and is rarely harvested for wood. If harvested, it is used for small objects such as utensils. In India, the root bark is sometimes used as a tanning agent.

title: Phyllanthus acidus


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Henry Paget, 1st Earl of Uxbridge (second creation)

Henry Bayly-Paget, 1st Earl of Uxbridge (18 June 1744 – 13 March 1812), known as Henry Bayly until 1769 and as Lord Paget between 1769 and 1784, was a British peer.

Early life
Born Henry Bayly, Uxbridge was the eldest son of Sir Nicholas Bayly, 2nd Baronet, of Plas Newydd in Anglesey, by his wife Caroline Paget, daughter of Brigadier-General Thomas Paget and a great-granddaughter of William Paget, 5th Baron Paget. He succeeded as 10th Baron Paget in 1769 on the death of his mother's second cousin, Henry Paget, 2nd Earl of Uxbridge. By Royal Licence on 29 January 1770, he took the name of Paget in lieu of Bayly. In 1782 he succeeded his father as 3rd Baronet.

Career
Paget was commissioned colonel of the newly raised Staffordshire Militia on 22 April 1776 during the War of American Independence. He resigned in 1781 but was re-appointed in 1783, after the war had ended and the regiment was disembodied. He was still commanding the regiment when it was re-embodied for the French Revolutionary War, and remained so until his death.

Uxbridge became Lord Lieutenant of Anglesey in 1782. On 19 May 1784, he was created Earl of Uxbridge, in the County of Middlesex. He was also Lord Lieutenant of Staffordshire between 1801 and 1812, Constable of Caernarfon Castle, Ranger of the Forest of Snowdon, Steward of Bardney, and Vice-Admiral of North Wales.

Personal life
In 1767 Lord Uxbridge married Jane, daughter of the Very Reverend Arthur Champagné, Dean of Clonmacnoise, a descendant of a well-known Huguenot family which had settled in Ireland, and his wife Jane Forbes. They had twelve children:

 * Field Marshal Henry William Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey (1768–1854), who married Lady Caroline Villiers, a daughter of George Villiers, 4th Earl of Jersey. They divorced in 1810 and she married George Campbell, 6th Duke of Argyll.
 * Captain William Paget (1769–1794), an MP who died unmarried.
 * Sir Arthur Paget (1771–1840), who married Lady Augusta Parker, the daughter of John Fane, 10th Earl of Westmorland and former wife of John Parker, 1st Earl of Morley, in 1809.
 * Lady Caroline Paget (1773–1847), who married John Capell, a son of William Capell, 4th Earl of Essex.
 * Lady Jane Paget (1774–1842), who married George Stewart, 8th Earl of Galloway.
 * General Sir Edward Paget (1775–1849), who married Frances Bagot, third daughter of William Bagot, 1st Baron Bagot and Elizabeth St John (eldest daughter of John St John, 2nd Viscount St John), in 1805. After her death in 1806, he married Lady Harriet Legge, third daughter of George Legge, 3rd Earl of Dartmouth.
 * Lady Louisa Paget (1777–1842), who married, firstly, Lt.-Gen. Sir James Erskine, Bt.; and, secondly, Gen. Sir George Murray.
 * Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Paget (1778–1839), who married Elizabeth Monck, daughter and co-heiress of Henry Monck, in 1805.
 * Berkeley Thomas Paget (1780–1842), who married Sophia Bucknall, only surviving child of William Bucknall, (second son of James Grimston, 2nd Viscount Grimston), in 1804.
 * Lady Charlotte Paget (1781–1817), who married John Cole, 2nd Earl of Enniskillen.
 * Lady Mary Paget (1783–1835), who married Thomas Graves, 2nd Baron Graves.
 * Brownlow Paget (1787–1797), who died young.

Lord Uxbridge died in March 1812, aged sixty-seven, and was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son Henry, who gained fame at the Battle of Waterloo and was created Marquess of Anglesey. The Countess of Uxbridge died in March 1817, aged seventy.

In 1809 Lord Uxbridge bought Surbiton Place, just to the south of Kingston upon Thames. When the Surbiton Park estate was built on its grounds in the 1850s, a street was named Uxbridge Road in honour of him and his heir Henry, who inherited it.


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Jinja District

Jinja District is a district in the Eastern Region of Uganda. The town of Jinja is the district's main municipal and commercial center.

Location
Jinja District is bordered by Kamuli District to the north, Luuka District to the east, Mayuge District to the south-east, Buvuma District to the south, Buikwe District to the west, and Kayunga District to the north-west. The district headquarters at Buwenge are located 96 km east of Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city.

Population
In 1991, the national population census estimated the district population at 289,500. The 2002 census estimated the population at 387,600, with an annual population growth rate of 2.7 percent. In 2012, the population was estimated at 501,300.

title: Jinja District


text:
User talk:6~enwiki

Wiki Police, don't arrest me!

(Welcome)
Hi 6, I see you don't have a welcome message yet, so here it is:

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

In particular, you might want to look over Manual of Style (Japan-related articles). Kappa 21:21, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

User:62.254.0.38
If you want to respond to my comments, that's fine — but please don't try to rewrite history by amending your comment and then deleting my response to it. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 21:46, 18 May 2005 (UTC)

 * — For trifles such as my forgetting a tilde and your pointing it out, my adding the missing timestamp and deleting your pointing it out isn't "rewriting history" but Refactoring_talk_pages and "Delete, Don't Justify". Such unimportant trifles didn't mandate your reverting the page (as a minor edit, no less) and thus deleting my answer. I've reverted back to the answered page (and inserted a note about the refactoring). -- Diff to my refactoring, not marked as a minor edit and clearly summarized as "Answered Mel Etitis about bans + Transient trifles: fixed my previous comment's poor wording of "permanent vandalism" and timestamp faux-pas, then deleted Mel Etitis' comment about them.)"

 * ←#6 talk 23:06, 18 May 2005 (UTC)

Tracklisting for MCMXC a.D.
Hi 6, could you please provide your sources about the length of the tracks in Principles of Lust and Back to the Rivers of Belief? And also, I feel that the structure of these 2 songs should not be omitted, and the time should be placed at the end of the song title, as per WikiProject Albums. Thanks and regards. --Andylkl (talk) 17:46, May 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * — Copied and answered on Talk:MCMXC_a.D. where it'll be more useful ;) ←#6 talk 17:40, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for providing me an explanation for your reasons, I do agree with the last two points mentioned. Btw, I'm also forwarding your suggestion to to WikiProject talk page. :) --Andylkl (talk) June 28, 2005 15:34 (UTC)

What are you saying??
Your user page says 6 is not a number. So, what is 3 plus 3?? Georgia guy 19:31, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * — 3 plus 3 may be 6, but 6 is not a number ;-) Cf.
 * The painting "This Is Not A Pipe" (Ceci N'est Pas Une Pipe) by Magritte.
 * The opening sequence to The Prisoner and its answer from Number Six.
 * Regards, ←#6 talk 19:45, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Regards, ←#6 talk 19:45, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Regards, ←#6 talk 19:45, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Bolding
See my reply at Talk:Shakuhachi. Hyacinth 21:49, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

überpedants
ewe really do aNEU! me with this over-zealous adherance to style over content. The purpose of consistent style is to be transparent and thus make it easier to read the content. If you begin rewriting factual content to comply with style, you've defeated the purpose! You'd do well to dwell on that...--feline1 07:55, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

List of English songs whose title includes nonsense-words
Hi - good to see another King Crimson fan at Wikipedia but - if this list is like the other "song" lists, instrumentals aren't included (otherwise I'd have added these and also other Fripp-related tracks like Thrang Thrang Gozimbulx). I've not seen that rule specifically used on this list (it's a new list), but it is used on others like List of songs whose title includes geographical names (it might be worth asking on the talk page). Grutness...  wha?  00:24, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * — Thanks, answered on the nonsense-words's talk page. ←#6 talk 17:28, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Love (band)
What's your problem with the neutrality of the article Love (band)? Discussion page was blank. Thanks Jolomo 28 June 2005 17:11 (UTC)

 * — Copied to, and answered on Talk:Love (band) ←#6 talk 1 July 2005 17:06 (UTC)

VALIS
Hey, 6, thanks for the answer about VALIS and the advice. I haven't actually heard that Cassandra Complex song, as I only have a couple of their earlier tapes. Allow me to test the tilde thing out. Folkor July 2, 2005 16:00 (UTC)

Apology
Hello, 6. I wish to apologise for this edit which you correctly reverted. I did it when I was an RC-patrol newbie. At the time I thought the edit I was deleting was mischievous after examining other edits from the same troublesome IP; I was in error. I consider myself firmly rapped on the knuckles. I assure you I'm not a deletionist. I won't do it again. --RobertG ♬ talk 4 July 2005 09:07 (UTC)

Image:Rob Dougan 2003 promo FA09.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Rob Dougan 2003 promo FA09.jpg. I notice the 'image' page specifies that the image is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed image could reasonably be found or created. If you believe this image is not replaceable, please:
 * 1) Go to the image description page and edit it to add
 * 2) On the image discussion page, write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our fair use criteria. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on [ this link]. Note that any fair use images which are replaceable by free-licensed alternatives will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. -- Chowbok   ☠  01:24, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

Image:Rob Dougan 2003 promo FA07.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Rob Dougan 2003 promo FA07.jpg. I notice the 'image' page specifies that the image is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed image could reasonably be found or created. If you believe this image is not replaceable, please:
 * 1) Go to the image description page and edit it to add
 * 2) On the image discussion page, write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our fair use criteria. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on [ this link]. Note that any fair use images which are replaceable by free-licensed alternatives will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. -- Chowbok   ☠  01:24, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Rob_Dougan_2003_Furious_Angels_cover.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Rob_Dougan_2003_Furious_Angels_cover.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use. Suggestions on how to do so can be found here.

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Hi
Hi, is this you? Thrilling then. Good night Lotje ツ (talk) 05:10, 5 December 2011 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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Renamed

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:59, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:6~enwiki


text: Category:Geography of Morocco

title: Category:Geography of Morocco


text:
Category:Mountain ranges of Pennsylvania

Articles and categories related to mountain ranges of Pennsylvania.


text:
Primal (video game)

Primal is an action-adventure horror video game developed by SCE Studio Cambridge and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for PlayStation 2. It tells the story of Jennifer Tate, a 21-year-old woman searching for her boyfriend through a series of demonic realms. As the story develops, more is revealed about Jen's past and her relationship with her boyfriend, as well as the nature of the demon worlds.

Gameplay
In Primal, the player can control either Jen or Scree as they navigate the realms of Oblivion. As the game progresses, newer demonic forms are obtained, which prove invaluable in solving various puzzles and combat.

Control can be switched between Jen and Scree at any time in game. When in control of one, the other will be operated by an artificial intelligence (AI), performing various functions depending on the situation. During play, the characters can interact with one another, performing actions such as asking questions, or siphoning energy.

When in control of Jen, the player may transform into one of four demonic forms for various purposes, depending on the situation (provided the forms are unlocked). When in a demon form, Jen experiences a boost in attack, defense, speed, attack range and access to abilities unavailable in a human form. The tattoo on Jen's back also glows when in a demon form, corresponding to various forms.

Defeating enemies involves weakening enemies to the point where their hit points reach zero, at which time a finishing move must be performed to kill the enemy. While the moves differ in style and time taken, the final effect remains the same. Enemies can be finished off before the health bar reaches zero, and doing so leaves more residual energy.

While Jen can remain in a demonic form indefinitely, taking damage will reduce health. However, hit points here are represented by demonic energy. When an enemy is killed, the remaining energy can be drained through use of Scree, who can store the energy for when it is needed. Jen can then call on the energy, siphoning it off to replenish her own. Scree can store a vast amount of energy, but also has limits as to how much.

When in control of Scree, the player is invulnerable; Scree, being a gargoyle, cannot suffer damage, making him an effective scout. Scree is capable of climbing on stone walls, a necessary ability when traversing the realms. Scree can also store drained energy from dead enemies, which can be used to replenish Jen's demonic health, though he must remain immobile when doing so.

Scree is revealed to be the long-lost Abdizur, who disappeared following an encounter with the lord of Chaos. In Solus, for a temporary amount of time, the player possesses a life-size statue of Abdizur via Scree, to combat Belhazur when Jen's powers are not fit to do so. The player may also possess other statues in an area under given circumstances.

The player may also happen across various energy crystals, which can be stored and used if Scree's energy reserves are not enough and the player is at low health. These crystals are kept throughout the game, the only exclusion being when revisiting previous scenes, at which point they are reduced to a default amount. This means that the crystals function as extra lives, to a degree.

If Jen is in human form, her health replenishes automatically if she is not in battle (human form only; demon energy must be replenished by either drawing on Scree's reserve energy or, failing that, by using a crystal). While in human form, Jen's health represents her presence in the demon world. If she loses all her health while in human form, she is returned to the human world, where she is in a near-death state. When this happens, the player must direct Scree to the nearest rift gate within a time limit (not seen on screen, though the voice of Arella warns the player that time is running out). If Scree does not reach a rift gate in time, Jen dies, and the game is over.

Throughout the game, constant saving can prove onerous, particularly if the player wishes to backtrack and revisit certain areas. Provided a save game is present, the player may do so, and can revisit nearly all of the locations, once they have been unlocked via an in-game cutscene.

Development
In May 2016, the game was made available for the PlayStation 4 through the PlayStation Network with slightly improved graphics and trophy support.

Music
Primal features music by electronic rock band 16Volt. Some of the tracks presented in the game are:
 * Suffering You (fight music) -Written by Eric Powell, John Desalvo and Mike Peoples
 * Alkali (fight music) -Written by Eric Powell, John Desalvo and Mike Peoples
 * Happy Pill (fight music) -Written by Eric Powell and Mike Peoples
 * Blessed (fight music)
 * At The End (during credits)
 * Moutheater (menu screen) -Written by Eric Powell and Mike Peoples
 * And I Go (fight music)
 * Everyday Everything (fight music) -Written by Eric Powell and Mike Peoples
 * Keep Sleeping (fight music)
 * Plastic Blue -Written by Eric Powell
 * At The End -Written by Eric Powell and Krayge Tyler

The combat tracks from Primal feature on the album SuperCoolNothing V2.0 from 16 Volt, and the band had a cameo appearance in Primal, where they played in a club in the opening cut scene. The "cinematic tracks" were composed by Andrew Barnabas and performed by the City of Prague Philharmonic Orchestra and Chorus. A suite dedicated to its music was performed at the historic Symphonic Game Music Concert in Leipzig 2003.

Reception
Primal received "mixed or average" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. IGN said that the game was "Limited by an inconsequential combat system and basic wander-puzzles. What it does manage to do though is overwhelm us with high-quality production values, wow us with an excellent graphical presentation, and move us with one hell of a killer soundtrack." In the article "Overrated/Underrated" in their September 2004 issue, Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine cited the game's protagonist as an underrated "hot chick" in comparison to Lara Croft, stating "She's smart. She's funny. She hangs out in biker bars. She's good in a fight. And she's got a really nice butt." In the same article, Scree was likewise cited as an underrated sidekick, stating "This is the way to make a memorable sidekick: Make him dignified, make him funny looking, and make him useful." Eurogamer, on the other hand, stated: "A rank combat system, quirky camera and a lack of inspiration at the game's exploration/puzzle core make playing the game hard work."

Legacy
A large amount of development artwork from the game is held in the archive of The Centre for Computing History, and is in the process of being made available to view online as part of their video game preservation initiative.

title: Primal (video game)


text: User talk:81.197.37.81

title: User talk:81.197.37.81


text:
Carulla

Carulla is a Colombian supermarket chain owned by Grupo Éxito and headquartered in Bogotá, Colombia. It was founded in 1905, and now is one of the largest supermarket companies in the country. Founded in the city of Barranquilla, it soon moved most of its operations and headquarters to Bogota.

Carulla has associated its brand with quality products, specializing in fruits and vegetables, although it offers most of the product categories offered in any other supermarket chain. It currently considers its destination categories to be fruits and vegetables, meats, spirits and liquors, and bakery products.

In 2000 it merged with Almacenes Vivero supermarket chain based in Barranquilla, its then-rival which was most prevalent on the Atlantic coast. The merger formed Carulla Vivero S.A. and became the second largest retail chain in Colombia

As of 2006, the Carulla Vivero operated 156 stores; 83 of operated under the Carulla brand.

As of 2006 Carulla Vivero was acquired by Almacenes Exito the largest supermarket company in Colombia, which is and owned by French retailer Groupe Casino.

The Carulla brand will continue to exist after the merger since it has over 100 years of history and holds a strong market participation in Bogota, Medellin, Cartagena, and Barranquilla. The brand's motto is "Carulla, an everyday pleasure".

Carulla was also the first retailer in Colombia to use a loyalty card which currently has about 250,000 members, called the Supercliente Card. The top 45,000 customers have the Diamond Superliente Card as they represent about 65% of the company's profits. Currently it was 98 stores nationwide. Additionally it has the option of delivering groceries to homes or pick up

title: Carulla


text:
Ditlev Gothard Monrad

Ditlev Gothard Monrad (24 November 1811 – 28 March 1887) was a Danish politician and bishop, and a founding father of Danish constitutional democracy; he also led the country as Council President in its huge defeat during the Second Schleswig War. Later, he became a New Zealand pioneer before returning to Denmark to become a bishop and politician once more.

Monrad's father, Otto Sommer Monrad, an attorney, suffered from mental illness, and spent some years in institutions. From time to time Monrad was himself on the brink of, or had, emotional breakdowns.

Career
Monrad studied theology, learned Semitic and Persian languages, and became a Lutheran priest while beginning to participate in politics. He became a co-editor of the publication Fædrelandet in 1840, was a leading figure in the National Liberal Party and spearheaded the movement towards a constitutional Denmark. Monrad wrote the draft of the liberal 1849 Constitution of Denmark, with structure and many phrases similar to the current version. In it he coined the term people's church. The constitution was quite democratic for its time, largely a result of the political and philosophical positions formulated by Monrad.

Monrad became the first Minister of School and Church Affairs (Kultus) in 1848; he held the same position in 1859 as well as from 1860 to 1863. He was also Minister of the Interior 1860–1861, and a member of Parliament from 1849 to 1865 (except for three months between two elections in 1853). He was the bishop of the Lolland–Falster diocese from 1849 to 1854, and then a permanent secretary in the department of kultus from 1855 to 1859.

With war approaching, against the advice of the other National Liberal leaders, Monrad formed a government after the resignation of Hall, due to disagreement with Christian IX. As Council President (1863–1864), Monrad was the Danish state leader during the early part of the Second Schleswig War against the German Confederation led by Otto von Bismarck. With none of the other National Liberal bigwigs wanting to continue in office, Monrad became the most, and arguably often the only, important figure for cabinet decision-making. Yet, at critical moments during the war, Monrad was indecisive. Thus, during an armistice, he let the king decide on a peace proposal at the London Conference to divide Schleswig approximately along the language line between majorities of Danish and German speakers (see also the Schleswig-Holstein Question). The king, who held an unrealistic hope to maintain a personal union with the duchies, rejected, the conference ended with no result, and war resumed resulting in further military defeat. Next, the king dismissed Monrad and his government. The Peace of Vienna resulted in the loss of much of the monarchy's territory, including almost all of Schleswig. Denmark was relegated to a minor power. In what was labelled his speech of madness, Monrad spoke in Parliament for continued resistance and against ratifying the peace treaty even if such actions would look like 'madness'.

Following the war, a depressed and disillusioned Monrad emigrated to New Zealand. After sending his sons to Nelson and other districts of New Zealand to scout for land, he chose to settle in Palmerston North on the North Island of New Zealand. He bought 482 acre of land at Karere Block. He first lived in a small hut and then erected a timber house and started clearing bushland. He and his family farmed cows and sheep.

Monrad helped the New Zealand Company to find suitable settlers from Scandinavia and helped many Danish immigrants find land to settle on, most notably in the area of Dannevirke. His work was disturbed by Māori who had been illegally robbed of their land, members of the Hauhau religion under Chief Tītokowaru. Monrad buried his belongings and went with the family to Wellington and then went back to Denmark in 1869. His sons Viggo and Johannes later returned to Karere to become farmers.

Before leaving New Zealand, he presented to New Zealand's Colonial Museum a collection of 600 woodcuts, etchings and engravings by European Old Masters, including Rembrandt, Hollar, Albrecht Dürer and van Dyck. They are now part of the collection at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa where examples often feature in temporary exhibitions. Monrad Intermediate is a Palmerston North intermediate school named after Monrad.

After his return, Monrad again became bishop of the Lolland-Falster diocese from 1871 until his death. He also again began became a member of parliament from 1882 to 1886. Now, he publicly promoted the original and more liberal 1849 constitution against the conservative revision of 1866. His sharp mind and sense of the public mood was still feared by his opponents. He also defended himself against condemnations for the 1864 defeat while he acknowledged that in hindsight a better result could have been achieved at the London Conference.

Monrad published throughout most of his life on political and religious matters. His book from 1876 about prayer came in many reprints, is still cited and used in religious practice and was translated into five languages, including English. Monrad became one of the earliest and most outspoken Danish opponents of Darwin's new theories on evolution.

Legacy
Monrad was respected for his intellect, idealism, and industriousness. His both theoretical and practical interest in political and ecclesiastical matters had a huge and lasting impact, primarily through the constitution but also a number of legal reforms which bear witness to an able politician and administrator. Yet, he showed himself to be an erratic political leader during the 1864 war ending in disastrous defeat. Ever since, Monrad's legacy has been split between these extremes. The historian Aage Friis characterized Monrad as 'one of the most outstanding but at the same time most enigmatic characters in modern Danish history, and the most difficult person to portray'.

There is a debate on whether Monrad's mental state affected his decision-making during the war, in particular dismissing the supreme commander and the break-up of the London Conference. The Danish television series 1864 portrays Monrad as a maniac nationalist. Other historians point out the high complexity of the situation; the absence in cabinet of other experienced ministers, including the other National Liberal leaders who had made the important decision leading up to the war and ignited the nationalistic public mood but now leaving Monrad to himself; the opinion and dynastic position of the new king; the mixed messages of other European powers; as well as how formidable Bismarck showed himself to be as an opponent with a distinct cause for winning a war as a stepping stone towards German unification. A learned society for promoting knowledge about Monrad exists since 2012, founded by his successor as the bishop of Lolland-Falster.

Literature

 * Claus Bjørn and Carsten Due-Nielsen, Fra helstat til nationalstat 1814–1914. Dansk udenrigspolitisk historie. Second edition, Copenhagen, Gyldendal. 2006. ISBN 978-87-02-04975-6.
 * D. G. Monrad, The World of Prayer; or, Prayer in relation to personal religion. Translated from the fourth German edition by J.S. Banks. Edinburgh 1879, 239 pages. T. & T. Clark [Danish original 1876]. https://archive.org/stream/worldofprayerorp00monr#page/n1/mode/2up
 * G.C. Petersen, D.G. Monrad : Scholar, statesman, priest and New Zealand pioneer and his New Zealand descendants, Kerslake, Billens & Humphrey. 1965.
 * Johan Schioldann-Nielsen, The life of D.G. Monrad (1811-1887) : manic-depressive disorder and political leadership, Odense University Press, 1988. ISBN 87-7492-668-3.
 * Kaare R. Skou, Land at lede, Copenhagen, Lindhardt og Ringhof. 2008. ISBN 978-87-11-31059-5.
 * Svend Thorsen, De danske ministerier 1848–1901, Copenhagen, Pensionsforsikringsanstalten. 1967. ISBN 8774928945

title: Ditlev Gothard Monrad


text:
Michael Hughes (footballer)

Michael Eamon Hughes (born 2 August 1971) is a Northern Irish football manager and former footballer who is a majority shareholder and co-owner of NIFL Premiership side Carrick Rangers.

As a player, he was an attacking midfielder who notably played top flight football for Manchester City, West Ham United, Wimbledon and Crystal Palace, including numerous seasons in the Premier League. He also played in Ligue 1 for Strasbourg and in the Football League for Birmingham City and Coventry City, having initially began his career in Northern Ireland with Carrick Rangers. He finished his career with non-league side St Neots Town. He was capped 71 times by Northern Ireland, scoring five times.

Since retirement, Hughes has returned to Carrick Rangers as first team manager, he has also worked as the clubs chief executive and currently co-owns the club.

Club career
Hughes' career began with Carrick Rangers, before moving to Manchester City as a trainee. In August 1992, he moved to RC Strasbourg for a fee of £450,000. During his four years at Strasbourg, Hughes spent two years on loan to West Ham United. It was during the first of these two loan spells that Hughes would have a say in the outcome of the 1994–95 FA Premier League season. West Ham United were playing at home to Manchester United on the last day of the season. Manchester United's rivals for the title were Blackburn Rovers, who lost against Liverpool on the same day. That meant that had Manchester United beaten West Ham United, they would win the league. However Hughes put West Ham United ahead in the first half and despite a second half equaliser from Brian McClair, West Ham United held out to hand the title to Blackburn Rovers.

West Ham United
In July 1996, Hughes made the move to West Ham United permanent. In the process, he became the first British player to change clubs for free on a Bosman ruling. The following season Joe Kinnear took Hughes to Wimbledon in a £1.6 million deal.

Wimbledon
Hughes became embroiled in a contract dispute between Birmingham City and Wimbledon in 2002. In March 2002, Hughes played three matches for Birmingham on loan, but was injured before the club won promotion to the Premier League and a permanent switch fell through. Wimbledon then refused to take him back. The ensuing dispute over who held his registration continued for over a year and Hughes' career had to be put on hold. In October 2003, Hughes signed for Crystal Palace (who shared Selhurst Park with Wimbledon at the time) and an out-of-court settlement was reached with Birmingham.

Crystal Palace
At Palace, he quickly became a fans' favourite, and, for the 2004–05 season, Hughes was appointed team captain.

Following relegation, he was replaced in the role by defender Fitz Hall (a decision, by the Palace management, which proved unpopular). However, after a run of good form, Hughes was re-appointed team captain, in January 2006. He later lost the captaincy again, this time to Carl Fletcher. He was released by Palace in May 2007.

Peter Taylor commented on Hughes' Palace future claiming that: "Michael Hughes has basically been released, but his is slightly different because I'm really saying that something could also develop later on."

Coventry City
On 6 July 2007, Hughes joined his former manager Iain Dowie at Coventry City, signing a one-year contract.

On 22 May 2008, Michael Hughes was released by Coventry City following the expiry of his contract, having made 18 first team appearances during the 2007–08 season. Hughes fell out of favour with new Coventry manager Chris Coleman who eventually decided not to renew his contract.

St Neots Town
In March 2009, Michael joined St Neots Town as player-coach, working alongside former international teammate Steve Lomas.

International career
Hughes won 71 international caps with the Northern Ireland national team, scoring five times.

Managerial career
Hughes was appointed caretaker manager of Carrick Rangers after the sacking of Stephen Small. On 23 September 2013, Hughes stepped down as manager and was replaced by Gary Haveron. Hughes retained his position as the club's chief executive and majority shareholder.

International goals
''Scores and results list Northern Ireland's goal tally first. ''

title: Michael Hughes (footballer)


text: Category:Mountain ranges of New Mexico

title: Category:Mountain ranges of New Mexico


text:
User:Nlight

See my contributions Also as NLight2 and 131.183.84.98 and 131.183.85.28

title: User:Nlight


text:
Els de Groen

Elly de Groen-Kouwenhoven (born 23 December 1949 in The Hague as Elly Kouwenhoven, and now generally known as Els de Groen) is a Dutch author and politician, who served as a Member of the European Parliament 2004–2009. She was a member of Europe Transparent, which sat with the Greens/EFA party group. As an MEP, she was a member of the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs and the Committee on Petitions, as well as a member of the delegation to the EU–Bulgaria Joint Parliamentary Committee and a substitute for the delegation for relations with the countries of Southeast Europe.

Career

 * Senior secondary teaching certificate
 * French teacher (1970–1975)
 * Writer, essayist and commentator
 * Literary reviewer, children's books (1985–1992)
 * Editor of the Algemeen Dagblad's children's newspaper (1986–1989)
 * Has worked for 20 years on news magazines
 * Author of various works of fiction and non-fiction for adults
 * Her work over the last 20 years has placed a strong emphasis on Eastern Europe
 * Unpaid adviser to the Dutch foundation 'Roma-Emancipatie' in Oss (since 2002)
 * Various literary awards

title: Els de Groen


text:
Talk:Ian Clark (geologist)

VfD
On April 8, 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. The result was keep (no consensus to delete). See Votes for deletion/Ian Clark for a record of the discussion. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 15:02, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

He plays a significant part in channel 4's "The Great Global Warming Swindle" I have added a sound bite.--Timtak 08:58, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

Cut the "Director of the G.G. Hatch Isotope Laboratory"
There is no reference of such a position - nor is Ian Clark listed as personel at the laboratory. --Kim D. Petersen 16:46, 10 April 2007 (UTC) Hmm forgot link to the lab. --Kim D. Petersen 16:48, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

the first reference contains a insult
The first reference of the article contains an insult in Spanish and should be corrected, such vandalism bringing discredit on the all wikipedia initiative

Last paragraph edited
The last paragraph contained criticisms that cited no references and were therefore opinion. There were also stated inaccuracies. Rather than argue the points, I removed them. RobertEDean (talk) 13:58, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

The reference to "Solar activity a downward cycle"
I deleted the passage referring to the above, as the link was dead. I did manage to find other possible sources, e.g. this http://hilltimes.com/page/view/.2004.march.22.letter_6 which is locked, and this http://www.seafaring.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=53117&PHPSESSID#53117 which hardly qualifies as a source, I think. What to do? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.249.185.2 (talk) 14:06, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

obviously he has no peer reviewed articles on Anthropogenic Global Warming
He doesn't believe it exists, why would he publish papers on it? He is a leading expert on paleoclimate. A genuine climate scientist. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 165.228.222.188 (talk) 06:32, 17 April 2012 (UTC)

BLP noticeboard
Section = 109 BLP articles labelled "Climate Change Deniers" all at once. This article was placed in a "climate change deniers" category. After discussion on [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons/Noticeboard/Archive232#109_BLP_articles_labelled_.22Climate_Change_Deniers.22_all_at_once WP:BLPN] and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion/Log/2015_October_16#Category:Climate_Change_deniers WP:CFD] the category was deleted. Peter Gulutzan (talk) 16:18, 20 December 2015 (UTC)

Did Wikipedia once have a Climate Change Denier category? I hope Michael Mann and James Hansen were in it - aren't they the ones who deny climate change (except as caused by humans). Bougatsa42 (talk) 06:12, 8 February 2019 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Ian Clark (geologist)


text:
Thirty Seconds to Mars

Thirty Seconds to Mars (commonly stylized as 30 Seconds to Mars) is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1998. The band consists of brothers Jared Leto (lead vocals, guitar, bass, keyboards) and Shannon Leto (drums, percussion). During the course of its existence, it has undergone various line-up changes with the Leto brothers being the only consistent members.

The band's debut album, 30 Seconds to Mars (2002), was produced by Bob Ezrin and released to positive reviews but only to limited commercial success. The band achieved worldwide fame with the release of its second album A Beautiful Lie (2005), which received multiple certifications all over the world. Its next release, This Is War (2009), showed a dramatic evolution in the band's musical style, as it incorporated experimental music as well as eclectic influences. The recording process of the album was marked by a legal dispute with record label EMI that eventually became the subject of the documentary film Artifact (2012). Thirty Seconds to Mars then moved to Universal Music and released the fourth album, Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams (2013), to critical and commercial success. It was followed by America (2018) and It's the End of the World but It's a Beautiful Day (2023), which both polarized critics upon release.

As of September 2014, the band had sold over 15 million albums worldwide. Thirty Seconds to Mars has consistently enjoyed sold out tours and numerous headlining festival slots. The band is noted for its energetic live performances and for fusing elements from a wide variety of genres, through its use of philosophical and spiritual lyrics, concept albums, and experimental music. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received several awards and accolades throughout its career, including a Guinness World Record, and has been included in the Kerrang! list of best artists of the 2000s.

1998–2000: Formation and first years
Thirty Seconds to Mars started in 1998 in Los Angeles, California, as a collaboration between brothers Jared Leto and Shannon Leto, who had been playing music together since their childhood. The duo later expanded to a four-piece when they added guitarist Solon Bixler and bassist Matt Wachter to the line-up. Additional guitarist Kevin Drake, who first auditioned for the position of bassist, also joined the band as a touring musician. The band played its first concerts under different names, before finally settling on the name "Thirty Seconds to Mars", which was taken from a rare manuscript titled Argus Apocraphex. Jared Leto described the name as "a reference, a rough translation from the book. I think the idea is interesting, it's a metaphor for the future," he explained. "Thirty seconds to Mars—the fact that we're so close to something that's not a tangible idea. Also Mars being the God of War makes it really interesting, as well. You could substitute that in there, but what's important for my brother and I, is that it be imaginative and really represent the sound of our music in as unique a way as possible." He described it as a name that "works on several different levels, a phrase that is lyrical, suggestive, cinematic, and filled with immediacy." When Thirty Seconds to Mars first started, Jared Leto did not allow his vocation as a Hollywood actor to be used in promotion of the band.

By 1998, the group performed gigs at small American venues and clubs. Their eponymous debut album had been in the works for a couple of years, with Leto writing the majority of the songs. During this period, the band recorded demo tracks such as "Valhalla" and "Revolution", or "Jupiter" and "Hero", which later appeared on the band's debut album as "Fallen" and "Year Zero" respectively, but also "Buddha for Mary". Their work led to a number of record labels being interested in signing Thirty Seconds to Mars, which eventually signed to Immortal Records. In 1999, Virgin Records entered into the contract.

2001–2003: Debut album
Thirty Seconds to Mars retreated to the isolation of Wyoming's countryside in 2001 to record their debut album, working with producers Bob Ezrin and Brian Virtue. They contacted Ezrin because they grew up listening to his work with Pink Floyd, Kiss and Alice Cooper and they felt he was the only one who could help them capture the size and scope of what they wanted to accomplish on their debut recording. The band chose an empty warehouse lot on 15000 acre, striving for the precise location that would enhance their sound. Even before the album was released, Puddle of Mudd invited Thirty Seconds to Mars to open a six-week tour for them in the spring of 2002. The band later embarked on a North American tour to support Incubus and began a club tour in August.

The band released their first studio album, 30 Seconds to Mars, on August 27, 2002 in the United States through Immortal and Virgin. Jared Leto described the record as a concept album that focuses on human struggle and self-determination, in which otherworldly elements and conceptual ideas are used to illustrate a truthful personal situation. The album reached number 107 on the US Billboard 200 and number one on the US Top Heatseekers, selling 121,000 copies in the United States. It was preceded by the single "Capricorn (A Brand New Name)", which peaked at number 31 on the US Mainstream Rock chart. Upon its release, 30 Seconds to Mars was met with mostly positive reviews; music critic Megan O'Toole felt that the band has "managed to carve out a unique niche for themselves in the rock realm." The album was a slow-burning success, and eventually sold two million copies worldwide as of March 2011.

In October 2002, the band toured with I Mother Earth and Billy Talent on MTV Campus Invasion. The following month, Thirty Seconds to Mars made their first appearance on television on Last Call with Carson Daly and opened concerts for Our Lady Peace and Sevendust. Released in 2003, "Edge of the Earth" became the second single from the album. In early 2003, Bixler left the band due to issues primarily related to touring. He was later replaced by Tomo Miličević, who successfully auditioned for the part of guitarist. The band later went on tour with Chevelle, Trust Company, and Pacifier, and took a slot on the 2003 Lollapalooza tour.

2004–2008: A Beautiful Lie
Thirty Seconds to Mars returned to the studio in March 2004 to begin working on their second album A Beautiful Lie, with Josh Abraham producing. During the recording process, the band traveled to four different continents to accommodate Jared Leto's acting career. A Beautiful Lie was notably different from the band's debut album, from both musical and lyrical aspect. "On the first record I created a world, then hid behind it," Leto said. "With A Beautiful Lie, it was time to take a more personal and less cerebral approach. Although this record is still full of conceptual elements and thematic ideas it is ultimately much more wrapped around the heart than the head. It's about brutal honesty, growth, change. It's an incredibly intimate look into a life that is in the crossroads. A raw emotional journey. A story of life, love, death, pain, joy, and passion. Of what it is to be human."

A Beautiful Lie was released on August 30, 2005 in the United States. It has since been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and has reached platinum and gold status in several countries, with a sales total of over four million. Its lead single, "Attack", made its radio debut on June 6, 2005 and became the most added track on American modern rock radio during its first week of release. During 2005, Thirty Seconds to Mars went on tour with Chevelle, Audioslave and The Used. The group embarked on their first headlining tour Forever Night, Never Day in March 2006. At the same time, the band released the album's second single, "The Kill", which set a record for the longest-running hit in the history of the US Modern Rock chart when it remained on the national chart for more than 50 weeks, following its number three peak in 2006. Its music video, directed by Jared Leto under the pseudonym of Bartholomew Cubbins, received a largely positive response and numerous accolades, including an MTV Video Music Award.

In October 2006, the band began their Welcome to the Universe Tour, sponsored by MTV2, and were supported by Head Automatica, The Receiving End of Sirens, Cobra Starship, and several other bands including Street Drum Corps. The third single from the album, "From Yesterday", was released in November 2006 and became the band's first number one on the Billboard 's Modern Rock Tracks. Jared Leto directed a short film for the single, which became the first-ever American music video shot in the People's Republic of China in its entirety. A Beautiful Lie was released in Europe in February 2007. During the year, Thirty Seconds to Mars toured extensively throughout Europe and played at several major festivals, including Roskilde, Pinkpop, Rock am Ring, and Download. In March 2007, Matt Wachter left the group to spend more time with his family and was replaced by Tim Kelleher, performing live only.

On November 1, 2007, Thirty Seconds to Mars won an MTV Europe Music Award in the category of Best Rock. The band also received the Kerrang! Award for Best Single in two consecutive years for "The Kill" and "From Yesterday" in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The album's title track, "A Beautiful Lie", was released as the fourth single in North America and selected European countries. Its music video was filmed 200 miles north of the Arctic Circle in Greenland, and proceeds from the sales benefited the Natural Resources Defense Council. At the 2008 MTV Europe Music Awards on November 6, Thirty Seconds to Mars earned their second Best Rock and Best Video for "A Beautiful Lie".

2008–2011: EMI lawsuit and This Is War
Thirty Seconds to Mars began recording their third studio album, This Is War, in August 2008. To produce the record, the band worked with Flood and Steve Lillywhite. Thirty Seconds to Mars had attempted to sign with a new label after the A Beautiful Lie tour, prompting EMI (the parent label of Virgin) to file a lawsuit for $30 million. EMI claimed that the band had failed to produce three of the five records they were obliged to deliver under their 1999 contract, which Virgin entered into with the now-defunct Immortal Records. Jared Leto responded to some of the claims in the suit stating "under California law, where we live and signed our deal, one cannot be bound to a contract for more than seven years." Thirty Seconds to Mars had been contracted for nine years, so the band decided to exercise their "legal right to terminate our old, out-of-date contract, which, according to the law is null and void."

After nearly a year of the lawsuit battle, the band announced on April 28, 2009, that the case had been settled. The suit was resolved following a defense based on a contract case involving actress Olivia de Havilland decades before. Leto explained, "The California Appeals Court ruled that no service contract in California is valid after seven years, and it became known as the De Havilland Law after she used it to get out of her contract with Warner Bros." Thirty Seconds to Mars then signed a new contract with EMI. Leto said the band had resolved their differences with EMI and the decision had been made because of "the willingness and enthusiasm by EMI to address our major concerns and issues, [and] the opportunity to return to work with a team so committed and passionate about Thirty Seconds to Mars."

In a bid to involve their fans in This Is War, Thirty Seconds to Mars held an event, called the Summit, at the Avalon Club in Los Angeles, where they invited fans to provide backing vocals and percussion. After the success of the initial Summit, the group repeated the event in eight countries and extended it digitally. The band also invited fans to submit close-up shots of their faces in order to make 2,000 different individual covers for the album. Leto described This Is War as a record about survival: "It was a two-year creative battle that was ferocious and tough but creatively rewarding, and all of those adverse elements, in hindsight, made us stronger and made the record stronger."

Although the release date was changed many times, This Is War was eventually released in December 2009. The album reached the top ten of several national album charts and entered the Billboard 200 at number 18, with first-week sales of 67,000 in the United States. Its first two singles, "Kings and Queens" and "This Is War", reached the number-one spot on the US Alternative Songs chart. After a promotional tour in winter 2009, Thirty Seconds to Mars embarked on their Into the Wild Tour in February 2010.

At the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards, "Kings and Queens" received four nominations, including Video of the Year and Best Direction, and went on to win Best Rock Video. The album's third single, "Closer to the Edge", was the 2010 best-selling rock single in the United Kingdom, topping the UK Rock Chart for eight consecutive weeks. Thirty Seconds to Mars collaborated with rapper Kanye West on the song "Hurricane", which was released on the deluxe edition of This Is War and became the album's fourth single in some countries. On November 7, Thirty Seconds to Mars and West performed "Hurricane" at the 2010 MTV Europe Music Awards at the Puerta de Alcalá in Madrid, where the band also received their third Best Rock. On May 13, 2011, Thirty Seconds to Mars recorded a performance for the television program MTV Unplugged. They performed with musicians from the Vitamin String Quartet and invited a gospel choir to join the group for a rendition of U2's song "Where the Streets Have No Name".

A Songkick study indicated that, based on quantity of tour dates, Thirty Seconds to Mars was among the hardest-working touring artists in 2010. On October 16, 2011, it was announced that the band would enter the Guinness World Records for most live shows during a single album cycle, with 300 shows. The 300th show, called Tribus Centum Numerarae, took place on December 7, 2011 at the Hammerstein Ballroom in New York City and was followed by a special series of shows which marked the end of the Into the Wild Tour.

2012–2015: Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams
Thirty Seconds to Mars took a break from touring in 2012 and spent most of the year recording their fourth album, entitled Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams. The album was produced by Jared Leto with previous collaborator Steve Lillywhite. Leto said that the band took a new direction with Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams. He explained that the album "is more than an evolution, it's a brand new beginning. Creatively, we've gone to an entirely new place, which is exciting, unexpected, and incredibly inspiring." In September 2012, Artifact, a documentary about the band's legal battle against the record label EMI and the making of This Is War, premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival and won the People's Choice Documentary Award.

In February 2013, it was announced that "Up in the Air" would be the first single from the fourth album. In partnership with NASA, Thirty Seconds to Mars launched the first copy of "Up in the Air" aboard the Dragon spacecraft on SpaceX CRS-2. The mission was launched atop a Falcon 9 rocket on March 1, 2013, sending the first ever commercial copy of music into space. On March 18, 2013, the single premiered from the International Space Station, after a Q&A session with the band and Expedition 35 flight engineer Tom Marshburn, while Annise Parker, mayor of the city of Houston, proclaimed the Thirty Seconds to Mars Day. "Up in the Air" made its radio debut on March 18 and became commercially available for downloading the following day. The song reached number three on the US Alternative Songs chart and experienced success in international markets.

Thirty Seconds to Mars released Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams on May 21, 2013, through Universal in the United States. The album received generally positive reviews and reached the top ten in more than fifteen countries, including the United Kingdom and the United States. The band began their Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams Tour in June, which included festival dates at Rock Werchter, Pinkpop, Rock in Rio, and Rock am Ring. The second single from the album, "Do or Die", achieved a level of play on modern rock radio, while "City of Angels", the third single, was released to rave reviews from critics and eventually reached number eight on the Alternative Songs chart in the US. At the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards, held on August 25, "Up in the Air" won the award for Best Rock Video.

Thirty Seconds to Mars announced on April 25, 2014 that they have parted from Virgin Records after tumultuous years with the label, with Leto telling Billboard, "We're free and clear and excited about the future. It's the most wonderful place to be." In August 2014, the group embarked on a double-headline tour, dubbed the Carnivores Tour, with American rock band Linkin Park, visiting arenas and stadiums throughout North America. Thirty Seconds to Mars then launched a music festival called Camp Mars. The first edition took place in Malibu, California, in August 2015 and included a series of activities in a semi-rustic setting and several DJ sets.

2015–2021: America and the departure of Miličević
On November 3, 2015, it was announced that Thirty Seconds to Mars was working on their fifth studio album. In August 2016, the band revealed to have signed to Interscope Records. The group later unveiled that they would embark on a North American tour with Muse and PVRIS, which took place from May to September 2017. In August 2017, "Walk on Water" was announced as the lead single from the band's fifth album. Thirty Seconds to Mars then performed the song at the 2017 MTV Video Music Awards featuring special guest Travis Scott. During the ceremony, Jared Leto received media attention for his tribute to musicians Chester Bennington and Chris Cornell, who both died earlier that year.

On January 25, 2018, Thirty Seconds to Mars released "Dangerous Night" as the second single from their upcoming fifth studio album. In February 2018, the band officially announced the Monolith Tour with Walk the Moon, Misterwives, K. Flay, Joywave, and Welshly Arms. Thirty Seconds to Mars later confirmed America as title of their fifth album, which was released on April 6, 2018. The album received polarized reviews from critics and debuted at number two on the Billboard 200, becoming the band's highest entry on the chart. America also reached the top ten in seventeen other countries, including number one in Germany and Austria.

During the first leg of the Monolith Tour, it was announced that Miličević would be taking a break from touring due to personal matters. On June 11, 2018, he officially announced his departure from the band.

2021–present: It's the End of the World but It's a Beautiful Day
On October 5, 2021, Leto announced that he would be featured in a song with Illenium called "Wouldn't Change a Thing". On August 27, 2022, Thirty Seconds to Mars announced a commemorative 20th-anniversary version of its debut album. On February 22, 2023, it was announced that the band would be playing at When We Were Young on October 22, 2023.

On May 8, Thirty Seconds to Mars released "Stuck", the lead single from their upcoming sixth studio album, It's the End of the World but It's a Beautiful Day, which was released on September 15. The second track of the album, "Life Is Beautiful", was released as promotional single on June 9.

Musical style
The style of the band's first studio album combined progressive metal and space rock with influences and elements from electronica, utilizing programming and synthesizers. Ryan Rayhill from Blender described the album as a "high-minded space opera of epic scope befitting prog-rock prototypes Rush," and wrote that Thirty Seconds to Mars "emerged with an eponymous debut that sounds like Tool on The Dark Side of the Moon," referring to the 1973 album by Pink Floyd.

Whereas the eponymous concept album's lyrics focus on human struggle and self-determination, A Beautiful Lie ' s lyrics are more personal and the music introduces screaming vocals. The transformation that resonates throughout the album reflects the personal and artistic changes experienced by the band members before and during the creation of the record. The album widened the band's sound by combining elements from progressive rock, hard rock and emo. Such alternative rock style has been compared to bands like The Cure, U2 and The Smashing Pumpkins.

Their third release This Is War was described as "an extremely progressive rock sound with killer choruses," drawing inspirations from experimental Pink Floyd to melodic M83. Chris Harris from Rolling Stone considered it "an ambitious collection of experimental rock" shaped by the band's personal struggles and legal battle with their record label. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic acknowledged the band's progression, referring to the overall style of the record as a mixture of synth rock, heavy metal, and progressive rock.

In Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams the band experimented with different instruments and drew influences from a wider and more varied range of styles. The album mixes experimental instrumentation with elements both symphonic and electronic, and the music introduces a minimalist approach full of ethereal sonics. The record carries the concept album format of This Is War and expands the spectrum to revolve around the themes after which it is named.

Activism
Thirty Seconds to Mars launched a website, called abeautifullie.org, to provide information about environmental issues and ways to participate in environmental activities. People can make donations through the site to support the Natural Resources Defense Council. In 2006, Jared Leto created the cover art for The 97X Green Room: Volume 2, a compilation of live music that includes a Thirty Seconds to Mars song, which proceeds from the sales benefited The Nature Conservancy. During their Welcome to the Universe Tour, the group worked to develop strategies that would minimize fuel consumption to offset the impact that the tour would have had on the environment.

In June 2008, the band joined Habitat for Humanity to work on a home being repaired and renovated through the Greater Los Angeles Area's "A Brush With Kindness" programme. In advance of the build, the band organized an auction of "build slots" to give fans the opportunity to volunteer alongside them. In less than a week, six extra workers were enlisted and over $10,000 was raised to fund additional Habitat for Humanity projects. Thirty Seconds to Mars fans, termed as the Echelon, started several philanthropic organizations and projects with the purpose of supporting various charities and humanitarian causes.

After the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Thirty Seconds to Mars raised $100,100 for Haitian relief through a charity auction. The band has also supported the Haitian population through the Echelon project "House for Haiti" and Hope For Haiti Now telethon special. The group auctioned a quantity of items raising funds to help the Red Cross assist people affected by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. The band contributed one dollar per concert ticket sold on the Carnivores Tour to the charity Music for Relief to support disaster relief and programs to protect and restore the environment.

Band members
Current members
 * Jared Leto – lead vocals, guitars, bass, keyboards, piano, synthesizers (1998–present)
 * Shannon Leto – drums, percussion (1998–present)

Former members
 * Matt Wachter – bass, keyboards, synthesizers, backing vocals (2001–2007)
 * Solon Bixler – guitars, keyboards, backing vocals (2001–2003)
 * Tomo Miličević – guitars, bass, keyboards, violin, percussion, backing vocals (2003–2018)

Current touring musicians
 * Stevie Aiello – bass, guitars, keyboards, backing vocals (2013–present)

Former touring musicians
 * Kevin Drake – guitars (2001–2002)
 * Tim Kelleher – bass, keyboards, guitar, backing vocals (2007–2010, 2011)
 * Braxton Olita – keyboards, guitars, backing vocals (2009–2011)
 * Matt McJunkins – bass, keyboards, guitar, backing vocals (2011)

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * 30 Seconds to Mars (2002)
 * A Beautiful Lie (2005)
 * This Is War (2009)
 * Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams (2013)
 * America (2018)
 * It's the End of the World but It's a Beautiful Day (2023)

Concert tours

 * Forever Night, Never Day Tour (2006)
 * Welcome to the Universe Tour (2006)
 * Into the Wild Tour (2010–11)
 * Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams Tour (2013–15)
 * Carnivores Tour (with Linkin Park) (2014)
 * Monolith Tour (2018–19)
 * Seasons Tour (2024)

title: Thirty Seconds to Mars


text:
Talk:Little green men

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Removed Marvin the Martian reference
There was a sentence or two on Marvin the Martian, with no attributions, and a weak connection to the subject matter. I have removed it as it seems to be original research at best, and doesn't have any reference to any relationship between Marvin the Martian (a little black-coloured alien wearing a green shirt) and the subject matter. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.26.125.101 (talk) 02:26, 30 May 2016 (UTC)

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External links modified (January 2018)
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humanoid-like humanoids that resemble humans?
Isn't the term "humanoid-like" in the opening sentence redundant as humanoid literally means human-like?97.120.121.160 (talk) 03:08, 14 January 2019 (UTC)JeloRoc

Cannot see any evidence for source being the Kelly-Hopkinsville UFO
Please can Wikipedia cite sources. The Kelly-Hopkinsville UFO encounter happened during the mid-1950s. Even if anyone could find any source that the terminology "little green men" was used in relation to the Kelly-Hopkinsville encounter, the novel by Harold Sherman, "The Green Man: A Visitor From Space" was published in 1946. If proof is required, consult the National Library of Congress. Octavius88 (talk) 20:18, 22 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Little green men


text:
Kostur

Kostur may refer to:

Places

 * Kostur, Bulgaria
 * Kostur (Pirot), Serbia
 * Kostur Point, Antarctica
 * Kastoria, Greece

Other

 * Kostur dialect
 * Matúš Kostúr (born 1980), Slovak ice hockey player

title: Kostur


text:
Aisai

Aisai (愛西市) is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 61,320 in 23,451 households, and a population density of 919 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 66.70 sqkm. Aisai is a member of the World Health Organization’s Alliance for Healthy Cities (AFHC).

Geography
Aisai is located in the coastal flatlands of far western Aichi Prefecture, bordering Gifu Prefecture to the west. It has a short border with Mie Prefecture to the southwest. The Kiso River and the Nagara River pass through the city.

Climate
The city has a climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and relatively mild winters (Köppen climate classification Cfa). The average annual temperature in Aisai is 15.6 C. The average annual rainfall is 1729.9 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 27.7 C, and lowest in January, at around 4.2 C.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Aisai has been relatively steady over the past 30 years.

Surrounding municipalities

 * Aichi Prefecture
 * Tsushima
 * Kanie
 * Inazawa
 * Yatomi
 * Ama
 * Mie Prefecture
 * Kuwana
 * Gifu Prefecture
 * Kaizu

Early modern period
During the Edo period, the area of modern Aisai was controlled by the Yokoi clan, retainers of the Owari Tokugawa of Nagoya.

Late modern period
During the Meiji period, the area was organized into several villages under Kasai District and Kaito District, Aichi Prefecture, which later became Ama District, Aichi in the Taishō period.

Contemporary history
The city of Aisai was created through the merger on April 1, 2005 of the towns of Saya and Saori and villages of Hachikai and Tatsuta.

Government
Aisai has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 18 members. The city contributes one member to the Aichi Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Aichi District 8 of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
Aisai is noted for its production of edible lotus root. Other main agricultural include ginger, strawberries, tomatoes, and the brewing of sake.

Education
Aisai has twelve public elementary schools and eight public junior high schools operated by the city government, and two public high schools operated by the Aichi Prefectural Board of Education. There are also two private high schools. The prefecture also operates one special education school for the handicapped.

Conventional lines

 * JR logo (central).svgal Japan Railway Company
 * Kansai Main Line：- Eiwa -
 * Meitetsu logomark 2.svgtsu
 * Tsushima Line：- Shobata – Fujinami -
 * Bisai Line：- Saya – Hibino --(Tsushima)-- Machikata--(Inazawa)--Fuchidaka -

Expressways

 * [[Image:JP Expressway E23.svg|24px|link=|alt=E23]] Higashi-Meihan Expressway

Local attractions

 * Kokie castle
 * Morikawa lotus field

Notable people from Aisai

 * Katō Takaaki, pre-war Prime Minister of Japan
 * Shoichi Yokoi, Imperial Japanese Army holdout found in Guam
 * Daiki Wakamatsu, professional soccer player
 * Ryoji Kuribayashi, professional baseball pitcher for Hiroshima Toyo Carp and 2021 Central League Rookie of the Year

title: Aisai


text: User talk:67.67.132.59

title: User talk:67.67.132.59


text:
Below the line

Below the line may refer to:

 * Below the line (filmmaking), a film's budget excluding actors, producers, director, and writers
 * Below the line (advertising), advertising not involving mass media
 * A type of contract bridge scoring
 * The group voting ticket, option in Australian elections
 * Below the Line (1925 film), a 1925 silent film
 * Below the Line (2003 film), a 2003 Croatian film

title: Below the line