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User talk:SaintBede

Welcome!

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Happy editing! Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 13:19, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:SaintBede


text:
Talk:Nicola Bryant

Biography assessment rating comment
WikiProject Biography Summer 2007 Assessment Drive

The article may be improved by following the WikiProject Biography 11 easy steps to producing at least a B article. -- Yamara 14:01, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

Born in 1962 or 1965?
I've read in a number of places, such as the Sixth Doctor Handbook, that Bryant (on her own confession) lied about her age when applying for the part, pretending to be 21 when she was only 18, which would make her year of birth 1965. Yet a number of sources still state she was born in 1962. Which is right? Timrollpickering 13:19, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I heard the opposite, which is that she claimed to be 18 when she was 21 (and/or the producers originated that fib for publicity). All the biographies I've seen of her have her born in 62. 23skidoo 23:23, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Also her own forum says her birthday is October 11, not January 1 - are there any sources for January 1 that aren't all copying each other? Timrollpickering 23:29, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Obviously we should prefer the date given from Ms. Bryant's own lovely fingers, but then it begs the question, what is the correct year? --khaosworks 23:42, Jun 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm fairly certain I've read that Bonnie Langford was the first companion actress to have been younger than the series, so I'd go for 1962, but that's hardly definite! Angmering 09:34, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

And now we have a brand new user who "corrected" the date of birth to 1964, which is a date I've never seen before in this. Timrollpickering (talk) 20:54, 15 September 2008 (UTC)

 * And now it's been changed by an anon to 1960. I'm going to restore it to 1962 until anyone actually provides a source. Timrollpickering (talk) 17:37, 28 November 2008 (UTC)

 * She was born in 1962 - I've checked the BMD index, and there is no other entry for a Nicola Bryant born in Surrey in the timeframe under discussion. http://www.findmypast.co.uk/birth-indexes-search-start.action?submit=1&redef=X&fromYear=1837&toYear=2006 —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ronstar308 (talk • contribs) 17:00, 26 August 2010 (UTC)

 * I saw that entry too, but note that the registration is in the third quarter, completely inconsistant with a birthday of 11th October. The trick here is to match her family data to find the correct entry.  In Nicola's case, the person who changed it to 1960 was correct.  A Nicola J. Bryant was registered in the fourth quarter of 1960, Surrey South Western district, mother's maiden name listed as Brande.  If you check marriages, Denis H. Bryant married Sheila Brande in the same district in 1953.  And if you search other Bryant births with a mother's name of Brande, up pops her sister Tracy in 1963.  On her website, Nicola stated Tracy is three years younger than her.  With all this in mind, I think it's safe to go with 1960. Analog Kid (talk) 00:30, 19 August 2011 (UTC)

 * This looks like it's her and if so would confirm the 1960 date. Crisso (talk) 21:51, 19 February 2012 (UTC)

Two Doctors documentary?
23skidoo added this nugget recently, which I don't understand. The Two Doctors was released on DVD in 2003, not 2006, and there's no "making of" documentary on it. Is this referring to some other documentary I don't know about, or is it referring to the Robert Holmes featurette on that disc (which I think she was in)? Besides that, is that really her only on-screen Doctor Who DVD appearance? --KJBracey 16:37, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 22:28, 8 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Nicola bryant 1983.png

Scarring
Has she been involved in an accident? In the recent Channel 5 documentary, she has some what looks like scar tissue around her left eye. It might also explain why she is wearing sunglasses in the second photo. 217.196.232.57 (talk) 23:15, 3 December 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Nicola Bryant


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Killing Me Softly with His Song

"Killing Me Softly with His Song" is a song composed by Charles Fox with lyrics by Norman Gimbel. The lyrics were written in collaboration with Lori Lieberman after she was inspired by a Don McLean performance in late 1971. Denied writing credit by Fox and Gimbel, Lieberman released her version of the song in 1972, but it did not chart. The song has been covered by many other artists.

In 1973, it became a number-one hit in the United States, Australia and Canada for Roberta Flack, and also reached number six on the UK Singles Chart. In 1996, Fugees recorded the song with Lauryn Hill on lead vocals. Their version became a number-one hit in twenty countries; including Germany, where it became the first single to debut atop the chart. The version by Flack won the 1974 Grammy for Record of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. The version by Fugees won the 1997 Grammy for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. Propelled by the success of the Fugees track, the 1972 recording by Roberta Flack was remixed in 1996 by Jonathan Peters, with Flack adding some new vocal flourishes; this version topped the Hot Dance Club Play chart.

Since then, Flack and Fugees have performed the song together. The versions by Fugees and Roberta Flack were both placed on the 2021 revised list of Rolling Stone 's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. According to Billboard, it is one of nearly a dozen songs to be Grammy nominated for Song of the Year that have had two versions reach the top 10 on the Billboard Hot 100.

After decades of confirming Lieberman's contribution, Fox and Gimbel changed their story about the song's origins to downplay her role. Gimbel threatened McLean with a lawsuit in 2008, demanding he remove from his website an assertion that McLean was the inspiration for "Killing Me Softly", but McLean responded by showing Gimbel the latter's own words confirming the inspiration, published in 1973.

Lori Lieberman version
Aspiring musician Lori Lieberman was 19 years old in 1971 when she was introduced to veteran songwriter Norman Gimbel and composer Charles Fox; the two men signed her to a management contract in which they would write her songs and manage her career, and take 20% of her income. The three shared a common Jewish heritage and Scorpio astrological signs, and they began to pool songwriting ideas. Gimbel also began an affair with the 19 year old Lieberman, even though he was 43 years old and married. The affair was kept secret for years.

In November 1971, Lieberman, then 20, and her friend Michele Willens (daughter of millionaire Harold Willens) attended a Don McLean performance at the Troubadour nightclub in Los Angeles. McLean's hit song "American Pie" was rising in the charts, but Lieberman was strongly affected by McLean singing another song: "Empty Chairs". This song spurred her to write poetic notes on a paper napkin while he was performing the song. Willens confirms that Lieberman was "scribbling notes" on a napkin as soon as McLean began singing the song. After the concert, Lieberman phoned Gimbel to read him her napkin notes and share her experience of a singer reaching deep inside her world with his song. Lieberman's description reminded Gimbel of a song title that was already in his idea notebook, the title "killing us softly with some blues". Gimbel expanded on Lieberman's notes, fleshing them out into song lyrics. Gimbel said in 1973 that "Her conversation fed me, inspired me, gave me some language and a choice of words." Gimbel passed these lyrics to Fox, who set them to music.

Lieberman recorded the song in late 1971 and released it as a single in 1972, produced by Gimbel and Fox. This version did not chart. Lieberman promoted the album by touring, and she always introduced the song "Killing Me Softly" by describing its origin in the McLean performance. Gimbel and Fox even wrote out for her this introduction of the song so that she could deliver it consistently at each performance. In 1973, in her first appearance on national television, Lieberman described this same origin story on The Mike Douglas Show after performing the song. When Lieberman toured through Canada in 1974 to promote her second album, Billboard magazine carried a public relations piece from Capitol Records about the three-way "song-producing team" of Lieberman/Gimbel/Fox, including a description of the Don McLean performance inspiring the song "Killing Me Softly". Gimbel was quoted saying that he relied on Lieberman to inspire his songwriting creativity since he had passed the most creative days of his youth: "Now I need a reason to write, and Lori is one of the best reasons a lyricwriter could have."

Don McLean said in 1973 that he was surprised to find out that the song described his singing. "I'm absolutely amazed. I've heard both Lori's and Roberta's version and I must say I'm very humbled about the whole thing. You can't help but feel that way about a song written and performed as well as this one is."

Disputed origin
In the 1970s both Gimbel and Fox were in agreement with Lieberman about the song's origin at a McLean concert. Sean Derek, who worked for Gimbel and Fox as an assistant in the 1970s, confirmed that the two men would tell the McLean origin story "all the time". However, Gimbel and Fox changed their stories around 1997, to reduce or dismiss Lieberman's contribution.

In 1976, the Lieberman/Gimbel/Fox songwriting team turned sour. Gimbel had divorced his wife three years earlier, but Lieberman eventually stopped the sexual relationship she had with Gimbel because he "had become emotionally abusive, controlling and unfaithful." She asked to be freed of her contract. Gimbel and Fox directed their lawyers to demand $27,000 from Lieberman to pay expenses, and to demand another $250,000 of her future income, effectively killing her career. Lieberman's lawyer, Frederic Ansis, recalled later that Gimbel and Fox could have been "nice guys" like other managers in the industry who released their unsuccessful artists without onerous payments, but they chose the other route.

By 1997, Lieberman had long severed her ties to Gimbel, but she reconnected with Fox, who attended a concert of hers. Lieberman was interviewed by The New York Times about her recent songwriting work. In this interview she said that when she was young, Gimbel and Fox had been "very, very controlling. I felt like I was pushed on stage, and I was singing other people's material, although that material was based on my private diaries. I felt victimized for most of my early career." Fox never spoke to her again after this revelation.

In 2008, Gimbel demanded that McLean remove text from his website, the text saying that McLean was the inspiration for "Killing Me Softly". McLean did not remove the text; instead, McLean's lawyer sent Gimbel a copy of a 1973 New York Daily News article in which Gimbel is quoted and seems to agree with Lieberman's account. In the article, Lieberman is asked how the song came about and what its inspiration was.

"Don McLean ... I saw him at the Troubadour in LA last year. I had heard about him from some friends but up to then all I knew about him really was what others had told me. But I was moved by his performance, by the way he developed his numbers, he got right through to me."

Gimbel's contribution supports Lieberman's stance:

"Lori is only 20 and she really is a very private person ... She told us about this strong experience she had listening to McLean ... I had a notion this might make a good song so the three of us discussed it. We talked it over several times, just as we did with the rest of the numbers we wrote for the album and we all felt it had possibilities."

Lieberman then adds:

"Norman had a phrase he liked, 'killing me softly with his blues' ... But I didn't feel the word 'blues' was quite what the effect was. It wasn't contemporary enough, somehow. We talked about it a while and finally decided on the word 'song' instead. It seemed right then when we did it."

Fox published a memoir in 2010, Killing Me Softly, My Life in Music, which contained nothing about the McLean performance inspiring the song, and downplayed Lieberman's role in the songwriting team. When Dan MacIntosh of Songfacts asked Fox in 2010 about the McLean origin story, Fox said, "I think it's called an urban legend. It really didn't happen that way." He described Gimbel and himself writing the song, then playing it for Lieberman later, who was reminded of McLean's singing. Fox said that "somehow the words got changed around so that we wrote it based on Don McLean..."

Gimbel described in 2010 how he had been introduced to the Argentinian-born composer Lalo Schifrin (then of Mission: Impossible fame) and began writing songs to a number of Schifrin's films. Both Gimbel and Schifrin made a suggestion to write a Broadway musical together, and Schifrin gave Gimbel an Argentinean novel—Hopscotch by Julio Cortázar—to read as a possible idea. The book was never made into a musical, but in chapter two, the narrator describes himself as sitting in a bar listening to an American pianist friend "kill us softly with some blues". Gimbel put the phrase in his notebook of song ideas for use at a future time.

Lieberman released a song in 2011 called "Cup of Girl" with lyrics about being used by someone who would "rifle through her diary" to write songs about her, who was dishonest, promiscuous and took advantage of her. Lieberman says that Gimbel contacted her after the song was published, sending angry emails, but Lieberman deleted the emails instead of responding to them. Gimbel died in 2018.

In 2020, Lieberman said she was not seeking money or official songwriting credit, she just wanted the world to know the correct origin of the song.

Roberta Flack version
Lieberman was the first to record the song in late 1971, releasing it in early 1972. Helen Reddy has said she was sent the song, but "the demo... sat on my turntable for months without being played because I didn't like the title".

Roberta Flack first heard the song on an airplane, when the Lieberman original was featured on the in-flight audio program. After scanning the listing of available audio selections, Flack would recall: "The title, of course, smacked me in the face. I immediately pulled out some scratch paper, made musical staves [then] play[ed] the song at least eight to ten times jotting down the melody that I heard. When I landed, I immediately called Quincy [Jones] at his house and asked him how to meet Charles Fox. Two days later I had the music." Shortly afterwards Flack rehearsed the song with her band in the Tuff Gong Studios in Kingston, Jamaica, but did not release it. She was unhappy with the background vocals on the various mixes she auditioned. Atlantic executive Tunc Erim assured her it would be a hit song no matter which mix was released. She refused, recalling later that she "wanted to be satisfied with that record more than anything else."

In September 1972, Flack was opening for Quincy Jones at the Los Angeles Greek Theater; after performing her prepared encore song, Flack was advised by Quincy Jones to sing an additional song. Flack recalled, "I said 'Well, I have this new song I've been working on'... After I finished, the audience would not stop screaming. And Quincy said, 'Ro, don't sing that daggone song no more until you record it.

Released in January 1973, Flack's version spent a total of five non-consecutive weeks at number one in February and March, more weeks than any other record in 1973. Billboard ranked it as the No. 3 song for 1973.

Charles Fox suggested that Flack's version was more successful than Lieberman's because Flack's "version was faster and she gave it a strong backbeat that wasn't in the original". According to Flack: "My classical background made it possible for me to try a number of things with [the song's arrangement]. I changed parts of the chord structure and chose to end on a major chord. [The song] wasn't written that way." The single appeared as the opening track of her Killing Me Softly album, issued in August 1973.

Flack won the 1973 Grammy Award for Record of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance, for the single, with Gimbel and Fox earning the Song of the Year Grammy.

In 1996, a house remix of Flack's version went to number one on the US dance chart.

In 1999, Flack's version was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. It ranked number 360 on Rolling Stones list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and number 82 on Billboards greatest songs of all time.

Personnel
Credits are adapted from AllMusic.

 * Roberta Flack – vocals, pianos, rhythm track arrangement
 * Donny Hathaway — harmony vocals
 * Eric Gale – guitars
 * Ron Carter – bass
 * Grady Tate – drums
 * Ralph MacDonald – congas, percussion, tambourine

Fugees version
American hip hop group Fugees released their version of the song (titled "Killing Me Softly") on their second album, The Score (1996), with Lauryn Hill singing the lead vocals. Fugees' version, released in 1996 by Ruffhouse and Columbia, became an international hit. In the United States, it did not appear on the Billboard Hot 100 because it was not released as a commercial single there, which was a rule at the time. It instead reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay chart and number one on the Hot R&B Airplay chart. The song has been certified triple-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales and streaming figues of approximately three million units in the US.

In the United Kingdom, "Killing Me Softly" broke the record at the time for the most radio plays in a single week. Additionally, it was the United Kingdom's best-selling single of 1996, and remains the country's biggest hip hop song by a group, and one of the best-selling singles of all time in the United Kingdom. In Germany, it became the first single to debut at number one, was the best-selling single of the year, and remains one of the best selling singles of all time. It was also the best-selling single of 1996 in Belgium, Iceland, and the Netherlands. "Killing Me Softly" was also among the best-selling songs in France, during the 1990s.

This version sampled the 1990 song "Bonita Applebum" by A Tribe Called Quest, which itself samples the riff from the song "Memory Band" by Rotary Connection. The Fugees' single was so successful that the track was pulled from retailers while it was still in the top 20, in an effort to draw attention to the Fugees' next single "Ready or Not". The Fugees' version won the 1997 Grammy for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, and their music video, directed by Aswad Ayinde, won the MTV Video Music Award for Best R&B Video.

Background
"Killing Me Softly" was the last song Fugees recorded for The Score, after member Pras made the suggestion to cover it. They wanted to "see how we can create break beats. And of course, we all love A Tribe Called Quest and we went in like 'Okay, let's cut that sample.'" They then added a bass reggae drop. Initially, Fugees wanted to change the lyrics of the song to make it anti-drugs and anti-poverty but the songwriters, Norman Gimbel and Charles Fox, refused.

Composition
Fugees' version features "percussive rhythms" with "a synth sitar sound, Wyclef's blurted chants, Hill's vocal melisma on the scatted bridge, and a bombastic drum-loop track".

Critical reception
J.D. Considine from The Baltimore Sun felt that Lauryn Hill's rendition of "Killing Me Softly" "is so convincing, you'd think it was a sample." Celebrating the album's 20th anniversary in February 2016, Kenneth Partridge from Billboard said, "It's a lovely cover that maintains the spirit of the original while taking the material in new directions." Upon the release, the magazine's Larry Flick viewed it as a "crafty cover". Peter Miro from Cash Box stated that the trio's reworking of the Roberta Flack standard "succeeds wildly." He explained, "Basically they dropped a new rasta engine in the ballad for the diddly-bopping, head-nodding masses. Bet this will be the only version they think exists." Another Cash Box editor, Gil L. Robertson IV, named it a "standout track" of The Score album. Simon Price from Melody Maker felt that Hill is "sweet like Candi Staton", "singing a gorgeous a cappella version".

Alan Jones from Music Week deemed it "a sensational update", adding that it "touches myriad musical bases, appealing equally to pop, R&B, easy listening and dance fans. Stripped to its bare bones, it is beautifully sung, with just enough rapping to set it apart from the original. The whole thing is superbly underlined by a bumping bass and percussion. Simple, refreshing and a huge hit." James Hamilton from the Record Mirror Dance Update noted it as a "plaintive girl and muttering chaps' sparse bass bumped and sitar plinked but still tenderly crooned remake". In January 1997, Spin described the song as "an instant classic, pumped out of every passing car from coast to coast, with Lauryn Hill's timeless voice never losing its poignant kick".

Music video
The accompanying music video for "Killing Me Softly", directed by Aswad Ayinde and based on Lauryn Hill's ideas, won an MTV Video Music Award for Best R&B Video. The video depicts the trio watching a movie in a cinema. It also features a cameo of Roberta Flack.

Impact and legacy
"Killing Me Softly" was hailed as one of the most essential hip hop songs in history by XXL. In autumn 2008, VH1 placed it at #25 on their list of the "100 Greatest Hip Hop Songs". In 2021, Rolling Stone included it in their revised list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The song experienced a resurgence in popularity on the social networking app TikTok, during the early 2020s. Their version has been sampled by French Montana, Baby Keem, and Mariah Carey. In October 2023, Billboard ranked "Killing Me Softly" among the "500 Best Pop Songs of All Time".

Bounty Killer remix
Fugees recorded a dancehall version with Bounty Killer rapping, and Hill singing a rewritten chorus. However, they did not receive permission to release it on The Score.

Track listing

 * UK CD1
 * 1) "Killing Me Softly" (Album Version W/Out Intro) – 4:03
 * 2) "Killing Me Softly" (Album Instrumental) – 4:03
 * 3) "Cowboys" (Album Version) – 3:35
 * 4) "Nappy Heads" (Remix) – 3:49

 * UK CD2
 * 1) "Killing Me Softly" (Album Version With Intro) – 4:16
 * 2) "Fu-Gee-La" (Refugee Camp Global Mix) – 4:15
 * 3) "Vocab" (Refugees Hip Hop Mix) – 4:07
 * 4) "Vocab" (Salaam's Acoustic Remix) – 5:54

title: Killing Me Softly with His Song


text:
Aesc

Aesc may refer to;

 * Æsc, Old English for "ash" (tree):
 * Æsc (rune) (ᚫ), a rune of the Anglo-Saxon fuþorc and a continuation of the Elder Fuþark ansuz (ᚨ)
 * Æ, a letter of the Old English alphabet
 * Oisc of Kent, sometimes called Aesc, a legendary early leader of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Kent
 * Automotive Energy Supply Corporation (AESC), manufacturer of lithium based batteries for electric vehicles
 * Aesc., abbreviation for the tree genus Aesculus

title: Aesc


text:
Talk:Inclusive design

The language of the article needs to be de-jargonised. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 13:39, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC) Inclusive vs Universal design I don't think that inclusive design and universal design are the same. Where inclusive design is seen as a method for designing one solution for one individual (usually for someone that has special needs). Design for All or Universal Design takes into account a wide variety of needs so that everyone (with whatever ability can use it). Inclusive design is popular in the field of UX/interaction design, to make digital interfaces more accessible for specific user needs; usually, by solving someone's needs really good, it is easier to use for everyone. https://www.fastcompany.com/90243282/the-no-1-thing-youre-getting-wrong-about-inclusive-design Design for all is more an attribute mostly used in construction and infrastructure. You could use inclusive design methods to reach to a better Universal Design. 2A01:110:8012:1012:187D:F390:8655:CED9 (talk) 11:52, 22 March 2019 (UTC)

Wrong definition
The given definition corresponds to Universal design, not inclusive design. Universal design -> one size fits all, Inclusive design -> one size fits one. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:700:300:17BB:39A2:F5A5:65F0:9BB5 (talk) 12:11, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

Editing Content
I'm planning on editing parts of the "Examples of inclusive design - Interfaces and technology" section by creating a separate area for the "Assistive clothing" paragraph and adding sources. Student4545 (talk) 00:01, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Inclusive design


text:
Petar Božović

Petar Božović (Петар Божовић; born 22 May 1946) is a Serbian actor.

title: Petar Božović


text: User talk:69.158.147.90

title: User talk:69.158.147.90


text:
Andy Kerr (Scottish politician)

Andy Kerr (born 17 March 1962) is a Scottish politician who served as Minister for Finance and Public Services from 2001 to 2004 and Minister for Health and Community Care from 2004 to 2007. A member of the Scottish Labour Party, he was Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the East Kilbride constituency from 1999 to 2011.

Early years
Born in East Kilbride, Kerr was educated at Claremont High School in East Kilbride and obtained a BA in Social Sciences at Glasgow Caledonian University. Prior to being elected to the Scottish Parliament, he was a senior officer in Glasgow City Council land services department and served as an adviser in the Leader's office. He was also founder and managing director of Achieving, a quality assurance consultancy.

Parliamentary career
He was convener of the Scottish Parliament's Transport and Environment Committee and served on the Confederation of British Industry working group designed to bring Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) and business closer together as well as being on the cross-party group on ageing and the elderly.

Kerr is considered to be an ally of Motherwell and Wishaw MSP Jack McConnell, working with him on his two successive bids for the leadership of Scottish Labour and the position of First Minister.

Kerr was first appointed Minister for Finance and Public Services in the Scottish Executive in November 2001 and moved to become Minister for Health and Community Care in October 2004, replacing Malcolm Chisolm. As Health Minister, Kerr oversaw significant NHS restructuring.

He was also responsible for the Scottish ban on smoking ban in public places which was introduced on 26 March 2006. In November 2006, he won the Scottish Politician of the Year award in recognition of his work to bring in the smoking ban. Kerr retained the health portfolio in McConnell's shadow cabinet upon the Scottish National Party's victory at the 2007 election.

Having ruled himself out of contention as a successor for Jack McConnell, Kerr voted for Wendy Alexander to become leader of the Scottish Labour Party. On 17 September 2007 he was appointed Shadow Cabinet Secretary for Public Services and Local Government. With Wendy Alexander's resignation as leader of the Labour Party in Scotland, Kerr stood for election as the next leader. However, following the victory of Iain Gray in the leadership election, Kerr was appointed Shadow Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Sustainable Growth.

At the 2011 Scottish Parliament election, Kerr was one of many Labour casualties, losing his seat after 12 years to Linda Fabiani of the SNP. Kerr did not stand on the regional list, so therefore did not return as an MSP.

After Politics
On 11 July 2011, it was announced that Andy had been appointed to the vacant CEO position at Scottish Charity Organisation, Sense Scotland.

In April 2019, Andy Kerr was appointed Chief Operating Officer at the newly formed Piper Group of charities, partnering Sense Scotland with Enable Scotland. Five Months later, Sense Scotland would quit the partnership, however, Andy Kerr remained in post at The Piper Group.

In November 2019, he was appointed to the Board of the Scottish Funding Council, and in 2020, Andy Kerr was appointed Chair of the Scottish Government's Fair Work in Social Care Group.

Personal life
Kerr lives in Strathaven with his wife and he has 3 daughters.

title: Andy Kerr (Scottish politician)


text:
Albufera de València

The Albufera, La Albufera or L'Albufera de València (, meaning "lagoon" in Valencian, from Arabic البحيرة al-buhayra, "small sea"), is a freshwater lagoon and estuary on the Gulf of Valencia coast of the Valencian Community in eastern Spain. It is the main portion of the Parc Natural de l'Albufera de València ("Valencian Albufera Natural Park"), with a surface area of 21120 ha. The natural biodiversity of the nature reserve allows a great variety of flora and fauna to thrive and be observed year-round. Though once a saltwater lagoon, dilution due to irrigation and canals draining into the estuary and the sand bars increasing in size had converted it to freshwater by the seventeenth century.

Geography
The Valencian Albufera Nature Park and lagoon lies just 11 km south of Valencia, in the municipal areas of 13 towns and four pedanies (former towns) adjoined to the capital city, these in turn lying within four comarques or counties, namely, in Horta Sud: Albal, Alfafar, Beniparrell, Catarroja, Massanassa, Sedaví and Silla; in Ribera Baixa: Albalat de la Ribera, Cullera, Sollana, Sueca and El Mareny de Barraquetes; in Ribera Alta: Algemesí; and in the County of Valencia and greater metropolitan area of València, in the pedanies of Pinedo, El Palmar, El Saler and El Perellonet. Its proximity to the capital city of the Valencian Land and easy access facilitate nature experiences and birdwatching.

Since 1990, the Valencian Albufera Nature Reserve has been included as a Ramsar Site in the list of wetlands of international importance for birds, established in the Ramsar Convention of 1971. Since 1991 the Parc Natural de l'Albufera de València has also been included in the Special Protection Areas (Zepa in Spanish).

Fishing
The most important human use of the lagoon has traditionally been and continues to be fishing.

History
From prehistoric times the rich fishing has attracted people specializing in this activity there. Fishing was legally recognised in year 1250, when regulations were laid down for the El Palmar Fishing Association (residents of the Valencia extramural parish of Russafa who settled permanently on the island of El Palmar to work more conveniently) and which would then be applied to the fisheries of Silla and Catarroja.

Present day
Until the lagoon's catchment area started to become industrialised, fishing generated substantial profits, as the clean waters of the lake provided a great diversity and abundance of fish ("gambeta", "petxinot", eels, bass, etc.).

At present, catches of bass and eels have dropped considerably, while those of mullet and American blue crab (a species introduced in the 1980s) have increased.

Agriculture
Rice growing is another traditional use, though more recent (since the 18th century); it has big economic and environmental importance because plant and animal species that have disappeared from the lake itself still live in the rice fields (where the water of the lagoon is purified). These rice paddies also provide food and shelter for many birds.

Nevertheless, nowadays the amount of water that arrives to the lagoon is less than some years ago, and the quality of the water is worse. It needs a better management of its water, so it can be a good environment for the fish and plants that used to live there.

Microbes of the Albufera
L'Albufera is heavily dominated by Cyanobacteria, particularly Synechococcus. The natural microbial population of Albufera has been recently described.

title: Albufera de València


text: Template:Comfort class hospital ship

title: Template:Comfort class hospital ship


text:
Albula

Albula may refer to:

Places

 * Albula, an old (possibly legendary) name of the Tiber river

Switzerland

 * Albula Range, a mountain range
 * Albula (river), a tributary of the Hinterrhein
 * Albula District, a district in canton Graubünden until 2017
 * Albula/Alvra, a municipality
 * Albula Pass
 * Albula Railway, part of the Rhaetian Railway
 * Albula Region, which replaced Albula District in 2017
 * Albula Tunnel, located on the Albula Railway

Moths

 * Agrisius albula, a moth of family Erebidae
 * Dichomeris albula, a moth of family Gelechiidae
 * Machimia albula, a moth of family Oecophoridae
 * Meganola albula, a moth of family Nolidae
 * Metasia albula, a moth of family Crambidae
 * Nevadopalpa albula, a moth of family Gelechiidae
 * Nodozana albula, a moth of family Erebidae
 * Spodoptera albula, a moth of family Noctuidae

Other species

 * Albula (fish), a genus of ray-finned fish
 * Coregonus albula, a whitefish of family Salmonidae
 * Eurema albula, a butterfly of family Pieridae
 * Hastula albula, a sea snail of family Terebridae
 * Menestho albula, a sea snail of family Pyramidellidae
 * Phaeopate albula, a beetle of family Cerambycidae
 * Stephanasterias albula, a starfish of family Asteriidae

title: Albula


text:
Specialna Enota Policije

Specialna Enota Policije (SEP) (Special Police Unit) is the police tactical unit of the Slovenian National Police Force. SEP is utilised for counter-terrorism and other high-risk tasks that are too dangerous or too difficult for regular police units.

History
The establishment of the first unit started in 1973 as a direct response to the hostage crisis at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich and the infiltration of the armed terrorist groups inside the Yugoslav territory in the same year.

After the break-up of the former Yugoslavia, the unit continues with performing the tasks and missions it was established for.

Functions

 * Anti-terrorist tasks.
 * Arrest of dangerous criminals.
 * VIP guarding.
 * Securing locations.
 * Co-operation with other Police units and their training.

Selection and training
The candidates who want to enter this special unit must be in service at least six and a half years. They also need a good rating of their work. Special knowledge like martial arts, shooting, skiing, etc. are also welcome.

Then the candidates are medically examined and then they need to pass various psychological and physical tests. If the candidate passes these tests he is sent to the unit for seven months where his basic training begins. In the third month, candidates face a 14-day test in which they are pushed to their physical and psychological limits. After the completed training a candidate is accepted to the unit. He must then complete a specialization training for a specific speciality he will perform in the unit (sniper, diver, driver, dog-handler, etc.).

Unit organisation
SEP is under command of Police Specialities Directorate, under General Police Directorate. SEP is organised into three sections:

 * Command plans and controls the work of the whole detachment.
 * Operational Activity Section performs direct operational and intervention assignments.
 * Operational Support Section performs logistical and expert support for operational tasks and training.
 * Bomb Disposal Section performs Bomb disposal tasks, bomb investigation tasks and other work with involving explosives.

Common weaponry

 * H&K MP5 submachine gun
 * H&K HK416 assault rifle
 * H&K HK417 battle rifle
 * H&K G36(E,K) assault rifle
 * SIG Sauer P226 pistol
 * Beretta M92 pistol
 * TRG M10 sniper rifle
 * Steyr sniper rifle
 * Blaser Tactical 2 sniper rifle
 * SIG SSG 3000 sniper rifle
 * Barrett M82 (also M107A1 variant) sniper rifle
 * Ultimax 100 light machine gun

Armored vehicles

 * 4× BOV-M
 * 2x HMV SURVIVOR 1

title: Specialna Enota Policije


text:
TVNorge

TVNorge (literally "TVNorway"; originally abbreviated TVN, now just abbreviated N in the logos) is a Norwegian television channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA.

History
TVNorge went on the air on 5 December 1988 and was the first advertising-supported Norwegian channel. The channel was started with 50 000 NOK. The first broadcast was a live variety show from Oslo Cabaret with Swedish singer Lill-Babs and Norwegian pop group Tomboy as musical guests. Originally TVNorge broadcast via satellite and cable, later they have affiliated several local television broadcasters. The local broadcasters generally were allowed the 17.30–18.30 timeslot for local programming, along with a second slot from 19.30–20.30. The rest of the time was assigned to TVNorge's own schedule.

The channel was styled as TVN until 1995, following a rebrand that year, it became TVNorge.

TVNorge became successful early on, before the launch of TV 2, owing to the success of game shows like Casino and Starshot.

When the last analogue terrestrial television transmitter closed in December 2009, the agreement with the local broadcasters and TVNorge ended. TVNorge now broadcasts via private cable and satellite providers in addition to RiksTV, which is the Norwegian digital terrestrial television distributor.

TVNorge and the rest of the SBS Broadcasting group was wholly owned by ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG, but was sold to Discovery Communications on 14 December 2012.

In 2003, Novell sued TVNorge at The Court of Enforcement (Namsretten) and asked for a temporary injunction against TVNorge as they found the logo too similar to their own. Novell did not seem to proceed to a full court case after losing their case there.

In 2013, the variety group Ylvis created a promo music video for their program on TVNorge entitled The Fox, which became a surprise internet hit and brought international attention to the channel.

As of 2018, TVNorge is also involved in broadcasting the Olympic Games alongside sister network Eurosport.

High Definition
TVNorge launched Norway's first High Definition simulcast on their main channel on 3 October 2008, and starting in 2009 TVNorge broadcast own productions in HD. The first episodes shown in HD was the HBO series Rome, and the channel has included several other imported series like CSI, CSI: Miami, CSI: NY and The Big Bang Theory. The HD station has the same schedule as the SD station. Broadcasts not available in high definition are broadcast in standard definition.

title: TVNorge


text:
Talk:Western lowland gorilla

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Jchristen11. Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 12:52, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Eats 900000 pounds a day?????
"The Western Lowland Gorilla eats plants (including bamboo) and occasionally insects. Males eat up to 90000lbs a day."

This just can't be right! Unfortunately I don't have any information on this, but perhaps someone could insert the correct figure here? 83.142.6.166 (talk) 16:41, 20 March 2009 (UTC)

I don't believe 200 lbs is correct either. I think it's closer to 30 kg, but I can't find a source. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.100.136.217 (talk) 05:13, 8 August 2009 (UTC)

LOL 45 TONS LOL 32ieww (talk) 01:37, 15 March 2017 (UTC)

Wait. Just because that figure is crazy doesn't mean that it's wrong. 32ieww (talk) 01:38, 15 March 2017 (UTC)

Best scientific name ever?
"Gorilla gorilla gorilla" - that is pretty amusing. :-D --Grey Knight 02:52, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

 * You'll probably appreciate this: “Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo” ¦ Reisio 23:13, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

 * The guy who came up with that deserves either a medal or to get a gold metal, and I'm not sure which! --bookey 03:20, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

Attention needed
This article has only basic information about an existing great ape subspecies. − Twas Now ( talk • contribs • e-mail ) 06:18, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

That's what I came here to say, only less formally. Seriously, it's the silverback fucking gorilla, people. It's an awesome kickass animal. Get working on a good article or I'll kill you all through the internets with my super powers.

habitat
western lowland gorillas live usually in tropical forest!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Bookeysize (talk • contribs) 22:39, 8 December 2008 (UTC)

 * From what I know, Western Lowland Gorilla are not found in DRC. In DRC you have Eastern Lowland Gorilla, a different subspecies, Gorilla beringei graueri not Gorilla gorilla gorilla. So I removed DRC uuuǝıɹ 10:12, 3 July 2013 (UTC)

Population
Is anyone watching this page? A couple of years ago I heard that they surveyed western gorillas and found that the number was surprisingly high. Now I googled for it: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/08/080805-gorillas-congo.html http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/africa/08/05/congo.gorillas/ anyone care to adjust the numbers? 201.231.150.119 (talk) 06:05, 10 January 2014 (UTC)

Weight updates
It appears that current mean weight given for males (168kg), based on the 1983 Guinness Book of Records, is not a reliable estimate. A more recent textbook source (Mammals of Africa, 2009 edition, Elsevier; source also excerpted here) gives a mean of 140kg for males and 90kg for females. This also better accords with the estimates from the same source for the Eastern lowland gorilla (160kg, 90kg), which is supposed to be slightly heavier on average.

Accordingly, I have updated this estimate and the source. Please comment here. As we currently have a couple of brave edit-warriors strutting their stuff in the gorilla articles, I hope they will be able to curb their zeal for long enough to actually comment on the talk page before doing their usual thing (, that means you in particular). -- Elmidae (talk · contribs) 08:10, 14 April 2018 (UTC)

Final warning to. Next removal without discussion at a talk page will result in a report. This hamfisted edit-warring is unacceptable. If you can't achieve consensus on your changes, you don't get to make them - simple as that. -- Elmidae (talk · contribs) 16:14, 16 April 2018 (UTC)

Recent photo additions
As these span a number of articles: please discuss recent photo additions by at User_talk:SpaceMusk. -- Elmidae (talk · contribs) 17:48, 8 March 2019 (UTC)

No life expectancy section?
38.73.253.217 (talk) 17:21, 29 September 2021 (UTC)

Conservation Status...
Why are Western Lowland Gorillas critically endangered and not just endangered? They consist of 100,000 individuals in the wild. Yoshioka-Seijuro (talk) 16:57, 25 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Looks like the IUCN is very concerned about how swiftly the population is decreasing. - UtherSRG (talk) 11:24, 26 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Western lowland gorilla


text: Template:Haven class hospital ship

title: Template:Haven class hospital ship


text:
Talk:Mansfield, Queensland

"Middle Class", "Bible Belt"
What sort of references would one need to be able to mention these in relation to Mansfield? I think most people would agree that Mansfield is both a middle class suburb, and situated in Brisbane's Bible Belt. However, the only references that I can find for the latter aren't authoritative (one is a brief mention on the ABC's site for coverage of the 1998 election, and even though the other one is from a government website, it's still just a speech made by a politican).

As far as Mansfield being a middle-class suburb, I can't find any good sources for information on quantifying what "middle-class" actually is. Its median household income is bang on the median household income for Brisbane, and slightly below that of Australia.

On the other hand, if a fact is generally recognised to be true, does it really need to be referenced?

Any suggestions? --Tookr 13:29, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I agree. Most people in the area share this opinion, especially the bible belt one and as this is an artificially designated idea which has arbitrary boundaries (and is not actually in a belt formation) I'd say it's a situation of majority opinion wins. A 'bible belt' is just an expression used locally to describe the religious demographic of the area...

--Aarondoyle 02:58, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Majority opinion? Well, it is two on one but I'm not done yet. I don't think that Mansfield is part of a "bible belt". There's no such belt! I know what you mean. There's a feeling on the southside that Mansfield is a biblethumper's paradise because of the Christian colleges, but "bible belt"... hmmm. Middle class? That's a rather POV description, and not at all accurate so far as I'm concerned. It is not "middle class" compared with Hamilton or somewhere like Paddo, Kangaroo Pt or Coorparoo even.

And yes, you do have to find references. Citing sources is very important, because we're not here to fill articles with our opinions. It's not a huge big deal in this case, but it would be good to have someone else describe it as "Bible belt" and rather than say it is middle class, say the average income is on the median for Brissie. Grace Note 12:09, 1 May 2005 (UTC)
 * AEC statistics from the 2004 election suggest that Mansfield had the highest Family First vote by a long way in the entire City of Brisbane - 8.77% in Reps and 8.57% in the Senate. This was a full 4% higher than any other booth. It also got 8.03% in the recent State election, however this was less strikingly different to other areas in the state poll. Orderinchaos 20:26, 12 October 2007 (UTC)

Infobox
It looks to me like Mansfield is the only suburb with an infobox. I'm planning to put infoboxes on all the suburbs I create (which, if I don't die in the attempt, will be all of them) but I don't much like the one that's there. Does anyone care enough about it to have a say?

As a rough idea of what I'm considering, it would be Title above the box (not key facts because that doesn't match other infoboxes), then year gazetted, postal code, population. I don't really like the surrounding suburbs thing in the box, but I think it would work at the bottom of the article. Even better would be a map, but I don't have a suitable drawing package to make it with. If I can get a PD or free use map, I might try to do something.

Does anyone else have a view on this? I'd be more than happy to chat here or on my userpage. Does anyone have a view on what should be included in articles on suburbs? What would be good to see? My dream is a whole set of standardised articles, one for each suburb, with pictures and boxes. Grace Note 12:57, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree about the 'Surrounding Suburbs' section - that would be better placed at the bottom. If it's just a bunch of links, I don't think there's any real way to arrange them logically in a table or similar - suburbs in Brisbane don't necessarily run in a grid. A map would be a lot clearer, however there'd need to be one map per suburb, which would be a damn lot of work if you did it for every suburb. I do think it needs something, though. Also, you're right about 'Area' being redundant, as most suburbs would have a similar area, I'm guessing.
 * (BTW, sorry about the delay in replying - was on holidays without regular net access for 6 months)Tookr 16:48, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * See Sandgate, Queensland, for an alternative scheme. Lankiveil 04:44, 4 May 2006 (UTC).

Formatting
Here's a question for you - do you think that this article (and Brisbane suburb articles in general) should ideally have headings in the same way that Blackburn South, Victoria does? It makes it clearer to read, but one-sentence paragraphs look wrong. Tookr 16:48, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Reverting
I've reverted a large number of edits all by an IP user, and all of those edits were vandalism of some description. SMC 20:59, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mansfield, Queensland


text:
Albula Pass

The Albula Pass (Romansh: Pass d'Alvra or, Albulapass) (el. 2312 m) is a Swiss mountain pass in the canton of Graubünden. It lies at the heart of the Albula Alps, on the watershed between the Albula, tributary of the Rhine and the Ova d'Alvra, tributary of the Inn. Overlooking the pass are the ranges of Piz Üertsch (north) and Crasta Mora (south).

The Albula Pass is an important axis from central Graubünden to Engadin. It is traversed by a paved road from Thusis to La Punt, via Bergün. It is also traversed by the Albula Railway, although at a lower elevation through the Albula Tunnel (1,820 m), from Thusis to Bever, also via Bergün.

On the summit of the pass is a hospice. East of the pass, on the Engadin side, is a lake named Albulasee (2,294 m) which is 4.2 ha large. West of the pass, at a further distance, is the larger Lai da Palpuogna, a popular stop on the Albula road.

The Albula Pass is one of the three paved road passes connecting the Engadin with the northern Grisons, the two other being the Julier Pass and the Flüela Pass.

title: Albula Pass


text: Template:Mercy class hospital ship

title: Template:Mercy class hospital ship


text:
Jakub Janda

Jakub Janda (born 27 April 1978) is a Czech politician and former ski jumper. In ski jumping he competed from 1996 to 2017, winning the gold medal in the 2005–06 FIS Ski Jumping World Cup as the 2006 World Champion. He also won the 2005/06 Four Hills Tournament (shared with Janne Ahonen), as well as silver and bronze medals at the 2005 World Championships. Janda is one of the most successful ski jumpers from the Czech Republic, and is the only Czech World Cup champion to date.

Ski jumping career
Janda made his World Cup debut in 1996. He had his first major success in 2003, finishing in third place in Liberec. Janda improved his performance under new Slovenian coach Vasja Bajc in 2004. In the 2004–05 season he took several second and third places and one victory in World Cup events. He also won a silver and a bronze medal at the 2005 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Oberstdorf.

Janda started the 2005/06 season with World Cup wins in Kuusamo, Lillehammer, Harrachov and Engelberg, and entered the Four Hills Tournament leading the World Cup standings. In the opening event in Oberstdorf, Janda finished in third place, with Janne Ahonen in first and Roar Ljøkelsøy in second. After winning the second race of the Tournament in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Janda moved to second place in the standings behind the reigning Tournament champion Ahonen. Norway's Lars Bystøl was the unexpected winner in Innsbruck while Janda finished ahead of Ahonen again to move into a two-point lead before the last competition. Like in all previous rounds, Janda advanced in last place into the competition to having skis that were too long during Oberstdorf qualifying and could not participate in the next three qualifying rounds as a result. The tournament climaxed with a head-to-head knockout duel between Janda and Ahonen. Janda won the first round by one point (tied to Ahonen on meters), then increased his lead to three points before the last jump. Ahonen beat Janda in the last jump by 141.5 meters to 139 meters and won the Bischofshofen competition by two points. The overall standings thus had both jumpers tied for first place, the first ever joint victors in the history of the tournament. Norway's Ljøkelsøy finished third. Janda was the first Czech winner of the Tournament since Jiří Raška in 1971.

Janda then experienced a drop of form, leading to poor results at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, finishing 13th in the individual normal hill, 10th in the individual large hill and 9th in the team large hill.

After the Olympics he returned to the podium in the World Cup event (2nd place in Lahti), but his form was less solid than at the beginning of the season. His biggest rival Janne Ahonen tried to take advantage of it, but also struggled and after disappointing Lahti results on the eve of the end of the season, he decided to withdraw from one race of the World Cup to concentrate on the last events in Norway and on mammoth hill in Planica.

Janda's lead grew to 175 points with 200 points to gain in the last round in Planica. Janda announced he did not want to participate in the ski flying event (he finished only seventh in the Ski Flying World Championships just after the Four Hills Tournament), but had to compete in Planica to secure his overall title. Qualifying last to the final round of the first of two Planica races and finishing 29th after the second jump, he was helped by Ahonen, who did not reach a better result than 11th place.

Janda did not enter the last race and finished the World Cup standings with 1151 points, still 127 ahead of Ahonen. He was the first Czech to win the ski jumping World Cup, and the first to win the Olympic discipline World Cup standings.

Coach Vasja Bajc ended his relationship with the Czech team after the season and was replaced by an Austrian, Richard Schallert.

Janda has competed in three Winter Olympics, earning his best finish of seventh in the team large hill event at Vancouver in 2010 while his best individual finish was 13th in the individual normal hill event at Turin four years earlier.

On 2 October 2017 he made his last official career jump when he stuck at the qualification round of Grand Prix season final competition in Klingenthal. He was elected to the Czech parliament three weeks later.

Political career
Janda participated in the 2017 Czech legislative election and was elected into the parliament as a candidate of the Civic Democratic Party. Upon his election, he retired from ski jumping.

title: Jakub Janda


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Secondary science 11-18 years

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge. Tony Sidaway|Talk 14:30, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Secondary science 11-18 years
Not encyclopedic/NPOV, rather random title. ShardPhoenix 13:35, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into a UK section of Science education, then delete link on that page. — RJH 18:24, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Science education. Megan1967 06:55, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to pay homage to our heritage. - RoyBoy 800 04:54, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Kenneth Chenault

Kenneth Irvine Chenault (born June 2, 1951) is an American business executive. He was the CEO and Chairman of American Express from 2001 until 2018. He became the third African American CEO of a Fortune 500 company. He is currently the Chairman of the global venture capital firm, General Catalyst.

Early life and education
Chenault was born in Mineola, New York, the son of a dentist and dental hygienist. His father, Hortenius Chenault, was a graduate of Morehouse College and Howard University Dental School. The elder Chenault passed the New York State dental exam with the highest score ever recorded as of January 2014. Chenault is a member of Phi Beta Sigma fraternity. Kenneth Chenault attended the Waldorf School of Garden City, where he was senior class president. He then received a B.A. in history from Bowdoin College in 1973 and a J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1976.

Career
Chenault began his career as an associate at the law firm Rogers & Wells (1977–1979) in New York City, and as a consultant for Bain & Company (1979–1981).

Chenault joined American Express in 1981, working in its Strategic Planning Group. He became president and chief operating officer in 1997. He became CEO of American Express in 2001.

Chenault has sat on several boards throughout his career. Beginning in 2007, he was on the executive committee of the Business Roundtable and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Chenault was a member of the executive committee of The Business Council in 2011 and 2012.

In 1995, Ebony listed him as one of 50 "living pioneers" in the African-American community. Chenault was inducted into the Junior Achievement U.S. Business Hall of Fame in 2002. In 2008, he gave the commencement address at Howard University.

In May 2010, he gave the commencement speech at Wake Forest University and Northeastern University.

As CEO of American Express in 2007 and 2008, Chenault earned a total compensation of $50,126,585 and $42,752,461 respectively. In 2009, he earned a total compensation of $16,617,639, which included a base salary of $1,201,923, a cash bonus of $10,450,000, an option grant of $3,985,637, and other compensation worth $980,079. In 2016, Chenault earned a total compensation of $22 million.

On October 18, 2017, he announced that he would retire as its chairman and chief executive on February 1, 2018. He was succeeded by Stephen J. Squeri. In December 2018, it was announced that Chenault would step down from his board roles at IBM and Procter & Gamble on February 13, 2019.

In January 2018, Chenault announced he would become chairman and managing director of General Catalyst Partners and joined the board of directors of Airbnb. Chenault has been on the board of directors of Facebook since February 2018. In March 2020 it was announced that Chenault was stepping down from the Facebook board and joining the board of Berkshire Hathaway, replacing Bill Gates.

Civic activities
On November 15, 2010, Old North Foundation recognized Chenault with its Third Lantern Award for individual commitment and dedication to public service. The Foundation honored Chenault and American Express for their significant contributions to the preservation efforts of many significant monuments and landmark structures, including the steeple of the Old North Church. Chenault and wife, Kathryn, are founding donors to the Art for Justice Fund, which aims to reduce prison populations and strengthen employment opportunities for those leaving.

On February 10, 2014, it was announced that he had been elected to fill a vacated seat of the Harvard Corporation; the Corporation is the chief fiduciary authority of the university and is the smaller of the two governing boards, the other being the Harvard Board of Overseers.

On February 6, 2017, Chenault was named chair of the advisory council for the Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History and Culture.

In April 2019, he was appointed as a member of the NCAA's Board of Governors. In 2021, he appeared on the Time 100, Time's annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world.

Personal life
Chenault resides in New Rochelle, New York, with his wife and children. Chenault is a member of Westchester Country Club.

title: Kenneth Chenault


text:
Patricia Ferguson

Patricia Josephine Ferguson (born 24 September 1958) is a Scottish politician who has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow West since the 2024 United Kingdom general election. Ferguson is also a Glasgow City Council Councillor.

Ferguson has previously been a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Glasgow Maryhill and Springburn, previously Glasgow Maryhill, from 1999 to 2016. A member of the Labour Party, she served in the Scottish Cabinet of First Minister Jack McConnell from 2001 to 2007.

Early life and career
Ferguson was educated at Garnethill Convent Secondary School in Glasgow between 1970 and 1976, and at Glasgow College of Technology, where she obtained an HNC in Public Administration in 1978. She spent part of her childhood living in the city's Red Road Flats.

Prior to entering the Scottish Parliament, she worked as a administrator in NHS Scotland between 1978 and 1990, with the Scottish Trades Union Congress between 1990 and 1994, and with the Scottish Labour Party between 1994 and 1999.

Scottish Parliamentary career
She was first elected as an MSP in 1999 for the newly created Glasgow Maryhill constituency, a seat she held until 2011 when Glasgow Maryhill was merged with other constituencies to form the Glasgow Maryhill and Springburn constituency. She won the 2011 Glasgow Maryhill and Springburn election but lost her seat in 2016 to Scottish National Party(SNP) member Bob Doris.

After being elected as MSP for Glasgow Maryhill in May 1999, she was Deputy Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament from 1999 until 2001 and as a member of several of the Parliament's Standards and Procedures Committees.

She was first appointed to the Scottish Executive Cabinet in November 2001 as Minister for Parliament when Jack McConnell became First Minister. She became Minister for Tourism, Culture and Sport in October 2004.

In 2006, her name was included on a variant of a Nigerian scam email after a high-profile trip to Malawi as part of her Scottish Executive brief.

Post-Holyrood career
In the 2022 Glasgow City Council election, Ferguson was one of four members (including Labour colleague Paul Carey) elected to represent the Drumchapel/Anniesland ward.

Ferguson was elected to the United Kingdom Parliament at the 2024 general election, defeating SNP incumbent Carol Monaghan of predecessor seat Glasgow North West. Before that, she was first runner-up to Monaghan in Glasgow North West in 2019.

Personal life
She is married to former Labour MSP Bill Butler.

title: Patricia Ferguson


text:
Talk:Periodic table (detailed cells)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 01:14, 22 May 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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IUPAC Guidelines
According to IUPAC guidelines, Lanthanum (La) and Actinium (Ac) must be placed along with f-block elements. Someone please check this and update the table. Hermit  Curator  09:30, 5 June 2018 (UTC)
 * The link is not named "Guideline" but "What we do" (=IUPAC), which is slightly less defining. WRT the periodic table form & content, there are two main considerations involved. One is editorial, the other scientific.
 * scientific: this is about the scientific statements the periodic table makes. For example, it shows helium and neon in the same column 18, so the statement is they are both noble gases and have the same periodic properties. Another statement being made is: "Which elements are in group 3?". The IUPAC page has all lanthanides and actinides in the column labeled "3", plus scandium and ytterbium (the fact that they are graphically moved to the bottom and represented by a placeholder in the main table is irrelevant for this scientific statement). That is 15+15+2=32 elements in group 3.
 * However, unfortunately, the same IUPAC page says: "Group 3: The question of precisely which elements should be placed in group 3 has been debated from time to time. An IUPAC project has been recently initiated to resolve the question. Will group 3 consist of Sc, Y, Lu, and Lr or, will it consist of Sc, Y, La and Ac?". Whatever the result, the outcome is four elements in group 3. This wiki (the English wikipedia) has chosen to primarily present the Sc/Y/La/Ac quartet as being in group 3. That is why most of our PT articles show this group 3 in a periodic table (see Periodic table, and so this template). (Other group 3 variants are mentioned in dedicated articles, for example in Group 3 element). The discussions were at WT:ELEMENTS, now archived here and here.

 * Editorial: As the What-we-do page says in the bottom paragraph: "... IUPAC has no recommendation for a specific form of the periodic table, i.e. 18-column or 32-column format". (The number 18 or 32 is the number of columns that contain elements; the shown form has 18 such columns). Whether there are elements graphically moved to the bottom is an editorial choice only, as both forms represent the same scientific statements (Article Periodic table (large cells) shows both, nicely). And for clarity, given the group 3 composition we want to show, it is more convenient & clear to move only 14+14 elements to the bottom (15+15 would make group 3 needlessly complicated to show, graphically). That is what this template currently shows, and why we want to keep it that way.

 * Conclusion: For these reasons, the requested change should not be made. will be reverted.

 * TL;DR: scientifically, enwiki wants to show that group 3 is Sc/Y/La/Ac. Alle 32 elements in group 3 is not an option any more. A further IUPAC publication wrt this is awaited. Editorially (graphically), in an 18-column periodic table enwiki prefers to keep the four elements in group 3 together in the main table, so not move them to below, because that is graphically the easiest and clearest solution. In 32-column format, the issue does not appear, but care has been taken to keep the scientific presentation the same. Therefor, the requested change should not be made. - DePiep (talk) 11:30, 5 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Periodic table (detailed cells)


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TV Week

TV Week is a weekly Australian magazine that provides television program listings information and highlights, as well as television-related news.

Content ranges from previews for upcoming storylines of popular television programs, particularly dramas, comedies, soap operas and reality shows airing in Australia, celebrity interviews, gossip and news reports about television, movies and music. A full weekly program guide with highlights is featured, as well listings for streaming services and crossword puzzles.

It was first published as a Melbourne-only publication in December 1957 (as TV-Radio Week), bearing a strong affiliation to television station Channel Nine, GTV9. The publication is also well known for its association with the annual TV Week Logie Awards.

Early days
The first issue of TV-Radio Week published in Melbourne covered the week 5–11 December 1957, with popular GTV9 performers Geoff Corke and Val Ruff featured on the cover. In 1958, the title was shortened to TV Week. Around 1956, radio magazine Listener In first published in 1925 adapted with the times and began covering television and added "TV" to its title. As part of the Herald and Weekly Times (HWT) group, Listener In-TV had an affinity to the company's new television station, HSV7. The magazine was renamed TV Scene in 1976.

Rival publication Television Preview, produced by the Television Owners Club of Australia, was also launched in 1957. By June 1958, the two magazines had more competition with TV News, published by the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) and a fortnight later Australian Consolidated Press (ACP) launched its own guide, TV Times.

It was thought that so many television titles in the market was unsustainable, so ACP entered into a co-publishing deal with the ABC, which saw their respective magazines merged to become TV News-Times, soon simplified to TV Times. By the end of 1958, Television Preview was incorporated into TV Week, leaving two strong rival publications in the market for the next two decades.

In July 1958, TV Week added an edition in Sydney, then the only other TV market in Australia. It continued to expand publication as television launched in other capital cities and regional areas across Australia. At the close of 1958, Melbourne readers were invited to vote for their favourite TV personalities and programs, to be presented awards along with some categories judged by an industry panel. Graham Kennedy and Panda Lisner from GTV's In Melbourne Tonight were voted Melbourne's Most Popular TV personalities. Kennedy then named the awards the Logies, after the inventor of the first working television system, John Logie Baird.

TV Week introduced colour internal pages in 1962, moving to gloss colour covers and internal pages in 1967. As a final evolutionary stage, the magazine doubled size from A5 to A4 in July 1968.

Mergers and rivals
By 1971 TV Week had a national weekly circulation of 400,000. South Australia's TV Guide (formerly TV-Radio Tonight) attempted to launch a Melbourne edition in 1973 but only lasted for four months and later became known as TV-Radio Extra in its home state. TV Week and TV Times dominated the market across Australia. In 1979, Family Circle Publications introduced a local version of the American magazine TV Guide, in the compact A5 size.

In 1980, the ABC chose to end its agreement with TV Week and ACP purchased their interest. ACP then entered into a partnership with News Limited, leading to rival publication TV Times being incorporated into TV Week. Later that year, Family Circle Publications sold the national TV Guide to ACP and it was also incorporated into TV Week. Competition then came from existing women's magazines when The Australian Women’s Weekly began including a free television magazine TV Weekly (later TV World) as an insert for its publication in May 1980. Family Circle followed suit in August 1980, as did Woman's Day with TV Day in November 1981. TV Week hit a peak circulation of 850,000 in the mid-1980s.

In 1984, the Federal Publishing Company's tabloid celebrity gossip magazine Star Enquirer was restyled to become TV Star but only ran until 1985. The Victorian publication TV Scene (formerly Listener In-TV) was shut down after 62 years of publication after it was handed over to Southdown Press, following the media shake-up sparked by Rupert Murdoch's takeover of the Herald and Weekly Times Group Group. TV-Radio Extra was discontinued in South Australia in 1988 when it was incorporated into the Sunday Mail's free television guide, TV Plus. With an increasing number of these types of free magazine supplements in Sunday newspapers across the country in the 1990s, TV Week began to lose significant circulation.

In 1998, in an attempt to boost its local entertainment news credentials, Who Weekly introduced a TV supplement with television news and TV listings but by 2000 this had been dropped.

Later years
TV Week was a joint venture between Kerry Packer's Australian Consolidated Press and Southdown Press (later Pacific Publications), with the latter publishing the magazine on behalf of both parties. In 2002, Packer bought TV Week out of the joint venture, with a clause in the agreement. A legal battle over the custody of the magazine's Logie Awards followed as both Australian Consolidated Press and Pacific Publications claimed ownership. Pacific wanted to use the Logies to promote their new rival TV listing What's on Weekly but Packer won the battle and the Logies remain connected to TV Week. What’s on Weekly ceased publication by the end of that year and it became the last attempt to launch a national rival to TV Week, now with a circulation of 265,000.

ACP Magazines sold TV Week and Foxtel magazine to German Bauer Media Group in 2012. In 2016, another women's magazine New Idea published by Pacific Magazines, introduced TV Extra a supplement covering television news and highlights, however it did not contain TV listings.

In recent years, online program guides have had a significant effect on TV Week's traditional market with circulation dropping below 200,000.

In 2020, Are Media acquired TV Week as part of its acquisition of Bauer Media's Australian and New Zealand assets. Are Media promoted associate editor, Stephen Downie, to editor of the publication in 2021. Outgoing editor Amber Giles was appointed to lead the entertainment group.

Criticism
In 2013, TV Week received criticism from former Neighbours actress Kym Valentine for their lack of coverage of Neighbours. Valentine tweeted to TV Week, saying: "Why don't you give Neighbours as much coverage as Home and Away? The fans are asking for it? Bring back the love xx".

TV Week Soap Extra
TV Week Soap Extra was an Australian fortnightly television magazine, produced as a sister magazine to TV Week.

In January 2014, Bauer Media published a one-off special of TV Week Soap Extra which featured exclusive teasers and first-look photos of upcoming storylines, reviews, and interviews with the stars from local and international soap operas screening in Australia, including Neighbours, Home and Away, The Bold and the Beautiful, The Young and the Restless and Days of Our Lives. Other soaps included in its content were Coronation Street, EastEnders, Emmerdale, Hollyoaks, and Shortland Street.

On 14 July 2014, Bauer Media confirmed that they would be launching TV Week Soap Extra as a fortnightly magazine dedicated to the storylines of Australian and overseas soaps and dramas. The decision came after Bauer Media had identified a gap in the market for a contemporary magazine that covered television soaps and dramas. TV Week deputy editor Erin McWhirter told TV Tonight, "The one-off special of TV Week Soap Extra we produced and launched in January was a huge success. Off the back of that, as well as TV Week's reputation as a known and trusted brand, it was evident there was enough room in the magazine market for TV Week Soap Extra as an ongoing offering." The 66-page magazine was edited by McWhirter, published on a Thursday and cost $4.50. The first issue was available from 31 July 2014.

The final issue of Soap Extra was released on 29 October 2015. Following its release, their coverage of soap operas moved back to TV Week. McWhirter told TV Tonight, "Whilst Soap Extra has attained a loyal following since launch, due to the relative size of the soap market the business decision has been made that the popular content from Soap Extra is better placed within TV Week.

TV Week Close Up
TV Week Close Up is an Australian monthly television magazine, produced as a sister magazine to TV Week.

On 2 August 2018, Bauer Media launched TV Week Close Up as a monthly magazine dedicated to interviews with stars and industry power brokers and behind the scenes stories about Australia's most popular TV shows. TV Week editor Thomas Woodgate told Mumbrella, "TV Week has earned the trust of our best talent over many years, and we have unrivalled access to Australian stars and shows. It's this access that we want to be able to share every month. We want to provide more of what we know readers love, which is in-depth chats, photo shoots with the stars, exclusive behind- the-scenes looks at favourite shows, and nostalgic trips down TV memory lane". The magazine was sold at a special launch price of $2.99 but normally sells for $5.99.

title: TV Week


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Dollar watch

A dollar watch was a pocket watch or later, a wristwatch, that sold for about one US dollar.

History of development
Attempts to make a watch that could be sold for as little as a dollar began in the 1870s. By 1880, the Waterbury Watch Company, not to be confused with the Waterbury Clock Company, had lowered costs to the point where they could sell their so-called long wind watch for $3.50. In the early 1890s the Ingersoll Watch Company started selling a Waterbury Clock Company clock in a watch case for $1.50.

The one dollar price was reached in 1896 when Ingersoll introduced a watch called the Yankee, setting its price at $1. This made it the cheapest watch available at the time, and the first watch to be priced at one dollar.

Later, Western Clock (Westclox) in 1899 and the E. Ingraham Company also began manufacturing them. Dollar watches were practical, mass-produced timepieces intended to be as inexpensive as possible.

Features of dollar watches were their simple, rugged design, movement (usually with a pin-pallet escapement, although sometimes with duplex escapements) which has either no jewels or just one jewel, width of about eighteen size (2 in), and sale price of about a dollar from 1892 until the mid-1950s. Many other companies made them, with literally hundreds of names on the dials. From around 1905, Ingersoll started selling their watches in the UK as Crown watches.

To keep costs down, the watches were often sold in flimsy cardboard boxes, which are now highly collectible.

title: Dollar watch