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La Poudre Pass

La Poudre Pass (elevation 10184 ft), a high mountain pass, is located in the Rocky Mountains of northern Colorado in the United States.

The pass straddles the Continental Divide, and separates the headwaters of La Poudre Pass Creek, which joins the Cache la Poudre River and eventually empties into the Gulf of Mexico, from the headwaters of the Colorado River, which drains into the Gulf of California. At the pass, the Continental Divide is the boundary between Grand and Larimer counties, and is also the northern boundary of Rocky Mountain National Park.

The pass itself is a broad, flat, swampy area. In the wet meadow just south of the divide, the Colorado River begins its course as a tiny stream emerging from this area which includes the small La Poudre Pass Lake. The Rocky Mountain National Park La Poudre Pass Ranger Station is also located in the pass.

The pass is traversed by a hiking trail, by the Grand Ditch as it carries water from the Never Summer Mountains into the Cache La Poudre River, and by a private, gated, maintenance road for the Grand Ditch.

To access the pass, visitors should follow Long Draw Road south from its junction with State Highway 14 in Poudre Canyon, just east of Cameron Pass. Long Draw Road is unpaved, but can be traveled by regular passenger automobiles. After passing Long Draw Reservoir, the road ends at the La Poudre Pass Trailhead parking area. It's a very short walk from here to the pass, which is marked by the entrance sign to the Rocky Mountain National Park. This sign is also located on the Continental Divide.

title: La Poudre Pass


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List of oldest buildings and structures in Montreal

This list of the oldest buildings and structures lists the oldest buildings still standing in Montreal, Quebec, Canada along with their year of completion.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: User talk:67.101.212.150

title: User talk:67.101.212.150


text:
Air Alsie

Air Alsie is a Danish charter airline headquartered in Sønderborg and based at Sønderborg Airport, which operates business jet services.

Destinations
Air Alsie operates all scheduled services for its sister brand Alsie Express.

Since August 2020, Air Alsie also operated scheduled flights on behalf of Lübeck Airport for the virtual airline Lübeck Air to Munich and Stuttgart - and from January 2021 also to Bern and Salzburg - after there were no scheduled operations in Lübeck for several years. In March 2023, Lübeck Air announced it would end its ATR flights and seek to start jet operations with another airline thus ending its affiliation with Air Alsie.

Fleet
As of January 2019, the Air Alsie fleet consists of the following aircraft:

title: Air Alsie


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Lord Lieutenant of Fife

This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Fife.

 * Colin Lindsay, 3rd Earl of Balcarres 1688 – ?
 * John Leslie, 10th Earl of Rothes 1746 – ?
 * George Lindsay-Crawford, 22nd Earl of Crawford 17 March 1794 – 1807
 * Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin 7 March 1807 – 1807
 * George Lindsay-Crawford, 22nd Earl of Crawford 20 May 1807 – 30 June 1808
 * George Douglas, 16th Earl of Morton 18 July 1808 – 1824
 * Thomas Erskine, 9th Earl of Kellie 11 June 1824 – 6 February 1828
 * James St Clair-Erskine, 2nd Earl of Rosslyn 23 February 1828 – 18 January 1837
 * Robert Ferguson 14 February 1837 – 3 December 1840
 * Captain James Erskine Wemyss RN 17 December 1840 – 3 April 1854
 * James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin 22 April 1854 – 20 November 1863
 * James Hay Erskine Wemyss 30 January 1864 – 29 March 1864
 * Sir Robert Anstruther, 5th Baronet 11 June 1864 – 21 April 1886
 * Victor Alexander Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin 5 August 1886 – 18 January 1917
 * Sir William Robertson 21 May 1917 – 27 February 1923
 * Sir Ralph Anstruther, 6th Baronet 29 March 1923 – 30 September 1934
 * Edward James Bruce, 10th Earl of Elgin 5 January 1935 – 1965
 * Sir John McWilliam 20 January 1965 – 7 August 1974
 * William Anstruther-Gray, Baron Kilmany 1 January 1975 – 1980
 * Sir John Gilmour, 3rd Baronet 28 February 1980 – 1987
 * Andrew Bruce, 11th Earl of Elgin 11 December 1987 – 1999
 * Margaret Dean 13 September 1999 – 2015
 * Robert William Balfour 22 January 2015– present

Deputy lieutenants
A deputy lieutenant of Fife is commissioned by the Lord Lieutenant of Fife. Deputy lieutenants support the work of the lord-lieutenant. There can be several deputy lieutenants at any time, depending on the population of the county. Their appointment does not terminate with the changing of the lord-lieutenant, but they usually retire at age 75.

19th Century

 * 5 March 1831: Lord William Robert Keith Douglas
 * 5 March 1831: Lieutenant General Alexander Bethune
 * 5 March 1831: Francis Balfour
 * 5 March 1831: Onesiphorus Tyndal Bruce
 * 5 March 1831: David Wemyss
 * 5 March 1831: John Fergus
 * 5 March 1831: Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Webster
 * 5 March 1831: Robert Douglas
 * 5 March 1831: John Stuart
 * 5 March 1831: Rear Admiral Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland

title: Lord Lieutenant of Fife


text:
Lord Lieutenant of Midlothian

This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Midlothian (also known as Edinburghshire).

 * Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch 17 March 1794 – 11 January 1812
 * Charles Montagu-Scott, 4th Duke of Buccleuch 25 January 1812 – 20 April 1819
 * William Kerr, 6th Marquess of Lothian 8 June 1819 – 27 April 1824
 * George Douglas, 16th Earl of Morton 2 June 1824 – 17 July 1827
 * Walter Montagu-Douglas-Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch 3 January 1828 – 16 April 1884
 * Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery 17 May 1884 – 21 May 1929
 * Harry Primrose, 6th Earl of Rosebery 8 October 1929 – 1964
 * Sir Maxwell Inglis, 9th Baronet 4 June 1964 – 1972
 * Sir John Dutton Clerk, 10th Baronet 11 July 1972 – 1992
 * Capt. George Burnett† 31 January 1992 – 2003
 * Patrick Prenter 23 August 2003 – 18 October 2013
 * Sir Robert Maxwell Clerk, 11th Baronet 18 October 2013 – 3 April 2020 (Vice Lord-Lieutenant from 2011 )
 * Lt. Col. Richard Callander 3 April 2020

† Known as Lord-Lieutenant in Lothian Region (Midlothian District) until 1996.

Deputy Lieutenants

 * John Borthwick 1832
 * Archibald Hope the Younger 1832
 * Major Robert Dundas 23 February 1901
 * Major Robert Gordon Gordon-Gilmour 23 February 1901
 * Colonel Robert George Wardlaw Ramsay 23 February 1901

For the City of Edinburgh see List of Lord Provosts of Edinburgh

title: Lord Lieutenant of Midlothian


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Bulgarian folk dance

Bulgarian folk dances are intimately related to the music of Bulgaria. This distinctive feature of Balkan folk music is the asymmetrical meter, built up around various combinations of 'quick' and 'slow' beats. The music, in Western musical notation, is often described using compound meter notation, where the notational meter accents, i.e., the heard beats, can be of different lengths, usually 1, 2, 3, or 4. Many Bulgarian dances are line dances, in which the dancers dance in a straight or curved line, holding hands.

Overview
Many Bulgarian dances are line dances, with the dancers holding hands in a straight or curved line, facing in toward the center of the dance space. Originally men and women danced in separate lines, or in a gender-segregated line in which the last woman and first man held opposite ends of a handkerchief, to avoid gender contact but today men and women often dance in mixed lines. Several different handholds are used in the different dances"
 * Holding hands down at waist level, the arms of adjacent dancers in the shape of a "V", right hand facing forward, left hand facing back
 * Holding hands at shoulder level, with the arms of adjacent dancers in the shape of a "W", right hand palm up, left hand palm down
 * "Teacup hold", in which each dancer places his left hand on his stomach making a "handle" with his left arm, and loops his right hand loosely through the arm of the right-hand dancer
 * Shoulder hold, with the arms held out straight horizontally to the sides, the hands resting on the near shoulders of the adjacent dancers. This was originally a men's hold, used only in the men's line.
 * Belt hold (na lesa), with each dancer holding the front of the belt or sash of the two adjacent dancers, left arm over right

Bulgarian dances are distinctive for their subtle rhythms and intricate footwork. In some dances, the dancers repeat the same pattern of steps throughout the dance, while others are "called" dances with several different steps in which the leader calls out changes in the steps at his discretion. Still, others have a basic step which individual dancers may embellish at specific points with variations like stamps and foot slaps.

In dances in which the line moves to the right or left, the dancer at the head of the line is the "leader". It is his responsibility to lead the line so it doesn't collide with other lines, and in "called" dances to call the variations. New dancers joining a dancing line join at the end; it is bad manners to join at the head of the line, in front of the leader.

Regional differences
Bulgaria is divided into seven ethnographic regions: Northern Bulgaria, Dobruja, Shopluk, Thrace, Strandzha, Macedonia and Rhodopes. Each region has its own distinctive style of dance, to the extent that a knowledgeable observer can often tell which region a group of Bulgarians comes from by how they perform a popular dance like the pravo. In addition, due to the intricate ethnic mix in the Balkans, each locality and even each village may have its own variation of a dance, different enough that it amounts to a distinct dance. In Bulgarian folkdance literature, local variations are often differentiated by adding the geographical origin to the dance name: for example pravo plovdivsko horo means "the pravo dance from the town of Plovdiv".

Rhythm and meter
The proportions of the beats do not follow any exact rational proportions. For example, the well-known tune "Eleno Mome" (Елено Моме) exists written in three forms: (1), (2) , and (3) times. Here, the latter two forms exist both as a musicologist's way to attempt to indicate the tendency of speeding up the last and first beats, as well in formal version, where the musician plays 3 or 4 about equal length notes on the beat. In music band playing, the meter seems favored, thus skipping some of the time-bending subtleties. Given this fact, though, some meters are more common or popular, but there is a wide variation of less frequent combinations, as well.

There is also disagreement about whether one should use or  as meter denominator, but this is just a notational convenience. In the list below, the denominator follows in part notational practice of the region, and in part the speed of the type of tune, giving the note a reasonable number of beats per minute (as on a metronome).

Folk dancers often speak in terms of "quick" and "slow" instead of a steady meter "1, 2, 3," etc. These dance rhythms may not agree with the rhythms and meters performed by the musicians. For example, the rhythm of the dance kopanitsa is often described as quick-quick-slow-quick-quick,  whereas the tune may be played in what may be written as, i.e., an  time with primary accent at 1, secondary accents at 5 and 8, and tertiary accents at 3, 7, and 10. The dancers thus dance to a meter composition, which may also be played by the musicians, e.g., in Traichovo horo (Трайчово хоро).

In addition, some tunes may have considerable time bends, such as the Macedonian Žensko Beranče and Bajrače, though viewed as and written in. Therefore, in dance instruction, quick and slow beat descriptions, in combination with intuition and careful listening, may be a good approach, though not suitable for performing and notating the music. In addition, a dance instructor not familiar with the exact musical rhythms should not demonstrate these dance rhythms without music. It would be best to use a slowed-down playback, lest the dancers become confused at full speed.

List of Bulgarian folk dances
Below is a list of some Bulgarian folk dances, along with their commonly written rhythms and time signatures. The word horo means "dance" and is sometimes added to the name of the dance.

Since the transliteration of Bulgarian is problematic, the official Bulgarian transliteration is used, which can be checked at Transliteration of proper names in Bulgaria, followed within parenthesizes by the Bulgarian name and, after a semicolon, (for searchability) alternative transliterations. Following a Bulgarian sheet music practice, more complex meters generally appear later in the list.
 * Trite pati (Трите пъти; Trite puti, Trite pŭti) in : Line dance with rapid feet movement; step rhythm quick-quick-slow =.
 * Tropanka (Тропанка) in : Stampy Dobrudzha men's dance, V handhold, with swinging and pumping arm motions.
 * Opas (Опас) in : A varied dance often done with hands across the chest of the person next to you with the next in line.
 * Pravo horo (Право хоро) in or, counted as : Often in music for the Pravo, both  and  time signatures will be used where  is used for the singing and  is used for the slightly faster instrumental portions. In Bulgaria, the  portion is also transcribed in  using triplets. Pravo is characterised by left-over-right arms "belt-hold" (in lieu of hand hold), a beginning right foot diving step toward the center of from one to many concentric broken circles, traveling ultimately counterclockwise. Each dance phrase corresponds to 3 musical measures counted as quick quick slow slow (corresponding to  in  time or  in  time).
 * Shopsko horo (Шопско хоро; Shopluk horo, Shop dance) in : Men's dance often accompanied with bagpipes (gaida) and drum (tŭpan).
 * Paydushko horo (Пайдушко хоро; Paidushko horo, Pajduško horo, Pajduška horo, Payduska horo, Baiduska horo) in or  : Often characterized as a "limping dance", this dance typically involves two footwork patterns, a "step hop" and a "step step". In the southern parts of Bulgaria, North Macedonia and Greece, the quick-slow pattern is sometimes reversed into a slow-quick pattern.
 * Chetvorno horo (Четворно хоро; Četvorno horo) in ( or )
 * Rachenitsa (Ръченица; Rŭchenitsa, Râčenica) in ( or ): Single or couple dance.
 * Lesnoto (Лесното хоро) in : A slow line dance with steps resembling the pravo horo.
 * Ginka (Гинка) in : A slow line dance from the Pirin Mountains.
 * Svornato horo (Сворнато хоро) in : From the Pirin Mountains, a four-phrase line dance.
 * Varnensko horo (Варненско хоро) in : A line dance with slow graceful steps.
 * Elenino horo (Еленино хоро), Eleno Mome (Елено Моме) in, , or : A line dance. Smithsonian recording, performed metric beat proportions about.
 * Petrunino horo (Петрунино хоро) in, , or.
 * Daychovo horo (Дайчово хopo; Daichovo horo, Dajčovo horo) in ( or ): A circle dance where a leader calls what formations/variations the circle should do next.
 * Grancharsko horo (Грънчарско хоро; Gryncharsko horo, Gruncarsko horo) in.
 * Gankino horo (Ганкино хоро), Kopanitsa (Копаница; Kopanica) in ( or ): Line dances.
 * Acano mlada nevesto in ( or ): A Macedonian song, line dance.
 * Krivo plovdivsko horo (Криво пловдивско хоро) in : listen.
 * Ispaychi (Испайчи, Испайче; Ispayche, Ispajče) in ( or ).
 * Elbasansko horo (Елбасанско хоро) in ( or ).
 * Buchimish (Бучимиш; Bučimiš) in : A line dance.
 * Yove male mome (Йове мале моме; Jove male mome, Jove malaj mome), Povela e Yova (Повела е Йова) in
 * Sandansko horo (Санданско хоро) in
 * Sedi Donka (Седи Донка), Plovdivsko horo (Пловдивско хоро) in ( divided as  +  + ): Done with left-over-right belt-hold in a straight line, moving forward (like a military phalanx) performing intricate steps selected by the leader, then repeated in reverse or mirror order while backing up, then stopping and going forward again with the same or even a different choice by the leader, who could be on one end or even in the middle of the phalanx. Suitable for a performance with 6 to 10 dancers on a stage or an exhibition area.
 * Dunavsko horo (Дунавско хоро)

Details on Bulgarian dances
Yove male mome and sedi donka can be thought of as a compound of common (chetvorno) and  (kopanitsa) meters, but it is more unclear what sandansko horo should be: possibilities are a compound, where  is the daychovo meter, and  the Krivo plovdivsko horo meter, or , where  is the daychovo meter.

A ruchenitsa can, in slower tempo, have a distinctive rhythm, but in a quicker pace, it may only be perceived as a. Thus, even though these are well-known rhythmic patterns, one may not arrive at an unambiguous meter interpretation, the way listeners of Western music are used to.

Many of the dances are formed by each person holding the belt or sash of the dancer on either side. These belts are typically fit loosely around the waist so that each person can move easily within the belt, while the overall line can stay together. Although there are basic steps that make up the dance, certain people may improvise variations, sometimes forming a competition between the dancers. These variations must result in the same movement as the rest of the line, but may consist of additional or slightly different steps.

For example, the basic pajdushko horo dance consists of a series of four hop-steps (actually, lift-steps) to the right, followed by a series of four steps to the left where the right foot crosses in front of the left foot on the quick beat, then weight is transferred onto the right foot, which pushes the dancer to the left on the slow beat. Finally, the line moves backwards using four hop-steps, and the dance is repeated. Variations might consist of alternating the right foot in front of and behind the left foot, forming a basic grapevine dance step. Another variation might be that instead of hop-steps backwards, a dancer might use a series of scissor steps and end with a pas-de-bas step.

title: Bulgarian folk dance


text:
Cavatina (Myers)

"Cavatina" is a 1970 classical guitar piece by British composer Stanley Myers based on music originally written for the soundtrack of the film The Walking Stick (1970). After Myers expanded the piece and it was recorded by guitarist John Williams, "Cavatina" was popularized as the theme from the 1978 film The Deer Hunter.

The Italian musical term cavatina is frequently applied to any simple, melodious air.

History
The full version of the composition was first recorded by classical guitarist John Williams at Olympic Sound Studios in London in a session eventually released on Williams' 1971 album Changes. Williams' explained the origins of the arrangement he recorded to Soundtrack Magazine in 2002. Williams said the idea for the expanded arrangement sprang from Myers' impromptu performance of the main theme on piano in a London restaurant where Williams and Myers were having dinner:

"We were sitting in a wonderful Italian restaurant off the Fulham Road in London, and they had a piano bar downstairs, and Stanley went and played those bars from The Walking Stick, but just the opening eight or sixteen bars, which is what was used in The Walking Stick. I hadn’t played [on the recording of the Walking Stick soundtrack music]--a London session guitarist had played it. But I immediately said, “Stanley that is fantastic. You must expand that into a proper, full, instrumental piece.” And then, about four or five years later, Michael Cimino had been given that record, Changes, by his production assistant. That’s where he heard 'Cavatina', and then used it for The Deer Hunter."

In 1973, Cleo Laine wrote lyrics to "Cavatina" and recorded her version under the title "He Was Beautiful". Laine was accompanied by Williams on her recording.

After the release of The Deer Hunter in 1978, Williams' instrumental version became a UK Top 20 hit in 1979. Two other versions also made the Top 20 in the same year: another instrumental recording by The Shadows, with an electric guitar played by Hank Marvin, released on their album String of Hits with the name "Theme from 'The Deer Hunter' (Cavatina)" (number 9 in the UK singles charts and number 1 in The Netherlands); and a vocal version (using Cleo Laine's lyrics) by Iris Williams.

Later recordings
In 1982, guitarist Liona Boyd included it in her "Best Of" Collection, also with arrangement alongside Eric Robertson and Williams.

Angel Romero recorded a version of "Cavatina" on his 1988 Telarc release A Touch of Class.

Cantabile - the London Quartet recorded a Neil Richardson arrangement with Brass Quintet accompaniment of "She Was Beautiful" for their 1992 album "A Tribute to Hollywood"

Norbert Kraft included a version of "Cavatina" on his 1996 Naxos Records release "Guitar Favourites".

Gene Bertoncini recorded a solo guitar arrangement of the piece on his 1999 album Body and Soul (	Ambient Records).

The tune was recorded in 2004 by trumpeter and flugelhorn player Vaughn Nark on his album Panorama: Trumpet Prism for Summit Records, featuring Nark on flugelhorn and Rick Whitehead on classical guitar.

The tune was recorded by Paul Potts on his 2007 debut album, One Chance.

There is a gospel version set to "Cavatina" called "Beautiful"; the author is Billy Evmur and it appears in the Dove on a Distant Oak Tree collection. Another vocal version with different lyrics was recorded by Vince Hill (released on the compilation The Ember Records Story Vol. 2 – 1960–1979).

In 2009, the song was the tenth track of Camilla Kerslake's début album Camilla Kerslake.

In 2011, the song was recorded by singer Joe McElderry and guitarist Miloš Karadaglić for McElderry's second album, Classic.

A full version of Cavatina for solo guitar and symphony orchestra was broadcast by the Faroese Broadcasting Company in 2013. Featuring guitarist Ólavur Jakobsen and Faroe Island Symphony Orchestra.

In 2013, the song was recorded by Mark Vincent for his album Songs from the Heart.

In 2016, the song was recorded and released by Japanese guitarist Kaori Muraji on her Decca Records album Rhapsody Japan.

Guitarist Karin Schaupp and baritone Teddy Tahu Rhodes recorded "She Was Beautiful" for the ABC Classics album I'll Walk Beside You (2018).

Other usage
Williams played the piece for the Amnesty International benefit concert, film and soundtrack The Secret Policeman's Ball in 1979.

The piece is played at the end of the Battlestar Galactica episode "Scar" after Kara "Starbuck" Thrace toasts the memory of pilots who had been tragically killed doing what they loved. See also.

"Cavatina" was used to accompany "The Gallery" in the BBC children's programme Take Hart, and its predecessor Vision On, during the 1970s. It was also used for some time in the 1970s as the closedown music when BBC Radio ceased transmission at 2 a.m.

The song was featured in the 2005 film Jarhead.

title: Cavatina (Myers)


text: Category:Bulgarian dances

title: Category:Bulgarian dances


text:
Lord Lieutenant of Merionethshire

This is a list of people who served as Lord Lieutenant of Merionethshire. After 1762, all Lord Lieutenants were also Custos Rotulorum of Merionethshire. The office was abolished on 31 March 1974, and the area is now covered by the Lord Lieutenant of Gwynedd and Lord Lieutenant of Clwyd.

Lord Lieutenants of Merionethshire to 1974

 * see Lord Lieutenant of Wales before 1694
 * Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury 31 May 1694 – 10 March 1696
 * Charles Gerard, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield 10 March 1696 – 5 November 1701
 * William Stanley, 9th Earl of Derby 18 June 1702 – 5 November 1702
 * Hugh Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Cholmondeley 2 December 1702 – 4 September 1713
 * Other Windsor, 2nd Earl of Plymouth 4 September 1713 – 21 October 1714
 * Hugh Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Cholmondeley 21 October 1714 – 18 January 1725
 * George Cholmondeley, 2nd Earl of Cholmondeley 7 April 1725 – 7 May 1733
 * George Cholmondeley, 3rd Earl of Cholmondeley 14 June 1733 – 25 October 1760
 * vacant
 * William Vaughan 26 April 1762 – 12 April 1775
 * Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 4th Baronet 10 June 1775 – 1789
 * Watkin Williams 27 August 1789 – 4 December 1793
 * Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 5th Baronet 4 December 1793 – 6 January 1840
 * Edward Lloyd-Mostyn, 2nd Baron Mostyn 25 January 1840 – 17 March 1884
 * Robert Davies Pryce 17 May 1884 – 30 September 1891
 * W. R. M. Wynne 30 September 1891 – 25 February 1909
 * Sir Arthur Osmond Williams, 1st Baronet 22 March 1909 – 28 January 1927
 * George Ormsby-Gore, 3rd Baron Harlech 22 February 1927 – 8 May 1938
 * William Ormsby-Gore, 4th Baron Harlech 22 June 1938 – 25 June 1957
 * Col. John Francis Williams-Wynne, 25 June 1957 – 31 March 1974

Deputy Lieutenants
Deputy Lieutenants traditionally supported the Lord-Lieutenant. There could be several deputy lieutenants at any time, depending on the population of the county. Their appointment did not terminate with the changing of the Lord-Lieutenant, but they usually retired at age 75.

 * Hugh Beaver Roberts (1820-1903) April 7, 1863
 * Romer Williams, 19 April 1901
 * Lieutenant-Colonel George Frederick Scott, 15 May 1901

title: Lord Lieutenant of Merionethshire


text:
Taxiride

Taxiride is an Australian rock band. Formed in Melbourne by singer/songwriters Jason Singh, Tim Watson, Tim Wild, and Dan Hall. Taxiride would record two consecutive number one platinum-selling albums. The band have had nine top 40 singles include top five hits Get Set, Everywhere You Go and the most played song on Australian radio in 2002, Creepin' Up Slowly.

Prior to formation, the members of Taxiride—Hall, Singh, Watson and Wild—had been playing in cover bands around Melbourne. The quartet recorded an EP, which a taxi-driving friend of theirs helped promote. They took their name from the experience had by passengers first hearing their music on a taxi ride. After their music was heard by an executive from record label Warner, the band signed a contract and released their debut album, Imaginate, in 1999. This was followed by 2002's Garage Mahal. Both albums were certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). 2005's Axiomatic did not follow in the success of its predecessors.

Taxiride's musical style has changed significantly over the course of their career—from a hybrid pop/pub rock sound merged with classic harmony referencing bands like Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young to a heavier sound on later works. Throughout their history, the band has had multiple lead singers and songwriters on the majority of their songs. The band continued performing live until 2008. In 2015 the four original members reformed and have been performing on the Australian festival circuit as well as public shows.

Formation and early work (1997–1999)
Prior to forming Taxiride, Tim Watson, Tim Wild, Jason Singh, and Dan Hall had each played in cover bands across Melbourne. Watson and Wild began writing together in 1996 in Camberwell, Melbourne, and soon joined Singh as an additional vocalist. The trio invited Hall, whom Wild first encountered busking, to join the group, and he accepted. Originally their name was to be TAXE but they quickly changed that after finding out another band had the same name. The band named themselves Taxiride because they had given some of their early work to a friend of theirs, a taxi driver, who had tested these songs on passengers. The group produced a demo at Melbourne's Secret Sound Studios, and used it to land a contract with Warner in Australia. Meanwhile, a friend of the group passed their work onto a Sire Records executive in the U.S., who signed them despite the group being unknown.

Pop success (1999–2002)
In 1998, Taxiride relocated to Ocean Way Recording studios in Los Angeles to work with producer Jack Joseph Puig on its debut album. Imaginate, released on 1 June 1999 in the U.S. and 18 October in Australia, reached number one on the ARIA Albums Chart, with debut single "Get Set" reaching number eight on the ARIA Singles Chart, number 41 on the New Zealand Singles Chart, and number 36 on the Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart. "Get Set" won the 1999 ARIA Award for "Breakthrough Artist - Single" and was nominated for "Best Pop Release", while Imaginate was nominated for "Breakthrough Artist - Album" and "Highest Selling Album" in 2000. Imaginate was certified double platinum, indicating an excess of 140,000 sales.

Taxiride wrote the majority of the album in a studio, and the final product generally used songs that band members had worked on individually. Imaginate earned a mediocre reception from critics. Steve Kurutz of Allmusic gave it three stars, calling the album a "slick...bid for pop radio". The use of a sitar on "Get Set" was praised, as was the Beatles influence and Puig's production. To promote the album, Taxiride toured Australia, America, Japan, and Europe, with the album selling well in all areas. Despite the album's success, Hall, then lead singer, left the band to work independently and with his other pet project, Airway Lanes. Hall said he was unhappy with "the pop direction the band was taking".

Following Hall's departure, the band began work on their second album. Garage Mahal was released on 5 August 2002, and produced three singles: "Creepin' Up Slowly", "How I Got This Way", and "Afterglow". All three songs charted in Australia; "Creepin' Up Slowly" was the most successful at number six, also reaching number 19 in New Zealand. In 2002, Garage Mahal and "Creepin' Up Slowly" were certified platinum by ARIA.

Much of Garage Mahal was written on the road, while touring, and as such had a different sound from the band's prior work. Most of the writing was done in two places; Mount Macedon in Victoria, and Palindrome Studio in Venice Beach, California, the home of producer Fred Maher. Mixing was done by David Way and Mike Shipley. Despite the change in sound, the band were still seen as purely a pop band—Australian Musician magazine claimed this was because they spent too much time overseas. Gary Glauber of PopMatters praised the album, noting it had not lost the quality of its predecessor, although it was a good deal heavier. Glauber reported on the overall high quality of songs, noting that "almost any of these songs could work as a single", and calling the lyrics of "Creepin' Up Slowly" "perpetually catchy". Bernard Zuel of The Sydney Morning Herald said that the band did not hold back in their aim for American radio, calling the lyrics overly generic, and arguing the band only focused on their mainstream image.

Independent and acoustic (2003–2008)
Watson left Taxiride in 2003, and the band began work on a new album. They decided to release independently after splitting up with Warner Music, and recorded at Wild's Melbourne home for a total of 12 months. During that time, the band collaborated with vocalist Chris Bailey (The Saints lead singer) and Hall, who took time out from working with Airway Lanes. Taxiride's third album, Axiomatic, was released on 5 September 2005, shortly after the first single, "Oh Yeah". It would be the only song to chart from the album, reaching number 40 in Australia. To support the album, the band toured India as part of VH1's Rock Rumble.

Following the release of Axiomatic, Wild and Singh began to write new songs, accompanied by Hall. The band's first acoustic album, Electrophobia, was released on 16 September 2006 on Australian record label Liberation. It features songs from the band's first three albums, all recorded in a standalone session in a Melbourne church on 26 May 2006. The production was arranged by Rob John (producer for Led Zeppelin and The Tea Party).

Reformation (2015–present)
In 2015, Jason Singh brought the original lineup back together. In July 2017, Dan Hall elected to take a break from the group to focus on other musical projects, including South Side Rebel and Interlocker. It is yet to be confirmed if his departure is permanent.

Musical style
Taxiride is primarily a pop rock band, also drawing influences from pub rock. Allmusic's Ed Nimmervoll said that the band distanced themselves from the boy band generation, comparing them to Crosby, Stills, Nash, & Young. Steve Kurutz, in reviewing Imaginate, related the album to the pop work of boy bands The Beatles, The Beach Boys, and The Everly Brothers, labeling the album as a bid for pop radio.

The International Herald Tribunes Mike Zwerin noted the band's style of having "four lead singers, four potential front men"—Imaginates strength was in their collective sound, argued Zwerin. On Garage Mahal, Taxiride had three active singer-songwriters, with their strong opinions on musical content clashing frequently. Singh told Dan Grunebaum of Metropolis Tokyo that the arguments came about "because we were very passionate about what goes down onto tape", and so they were resolved by recognising the overall goal of the band's work.

Discography
Studio albums
 * Imaginate (1999)
 * Garage Mahal (2002)
 * Axiomatic (2005)
 * Electrophobia (2006)

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. They commenced in 1987.

! Ref.
 * rowspan="2"|1999
 * rowspan="2"| "Get Set"
 * Breakthrough Artist - Single
 * Won
 * rowspan="2"|
 * Best Pop Release
 * Nominated
 * rowspan="2"|2000
 * rowspan="2"| Imaginate
 * Breakthrough Artist - Album
 * Nominated
 * rowspan="2"|
 * Highest Selling Album
 * Nominated
 * rowspan="2"|
 * Highest Selling Album
 * Nominated
 * Nominated

title: Taxiride


text:
Copenhagen AirTaxi

Copenhagen AirTaxi (CAT) is an aviation company and flight school based in Roskilde, Denmark. It provide a range of services, including operating regularly scheduled flights from Copenhagen Airport, Roskilde to the Danish islands of Anholt and Læsø; managing the airfield on Anholt, and is also a major airtaxi operator in Denmark, operating from EKRK. CAT is an experienced flight school with flight training leading to a private and commercial pilots license. With large modern facilities based in Roskilde, the school trains the future generation of professional pilots in Denmark. CAT also has a large maintenance facility specialized in General Aviation aircraft.

The company was a first-mover in Europe to introduce charter flights (airtaxi) on single engine turboprop aircraft under new legislation CAT SET-IMC. In 2017, CAT introduced the Pilatus PC-12 business aircraft to its fleet. The aircraft reaches destinations all over Europe, and have exceptional performance for short field operations.

The scheduled route between Roskilde – Anholt – Læsø is operated by a 10-seat Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander, but this may be substituted or augmented with one of the company's 6-seat Partenavia P.68's

Air Seven
In 2020, an airline with the name Air Seven started flying under Copenhagen AirTaxi's AOC.

Aircraft fleet
For use by the resident flight school, airtaxi, scheduled flights or for rental purposes, the company has a fleet including:

Scheduled destinations
As of May 2019 CAT operates to:

 * Roskilde
 * Læsø
 * Anholt

AirZafari
AirZafari is a Greenlandic aviation company whose primary business is sightseeing-flying. The company was founded in 2011 and is operated on the AOC certificate of Copenhagen AirTaxi.

title: Copenhagen AirTaxi


text:
Alkyne trimerisation

An alkyne trimerisation is a [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction in which three alkyne units (C\tC) react to form a benzene ring. The reaction requires a metal catalyst. The process is of historic interest as well as being applicable to organic synthesis. Being a cycloaddition reaction, it has high atom economy. Many variations have been developed, including cyclisation of mixtures of alkynes and alkenes as well as alkynes and nitriles.

Mechanism and stereochemistry
Trimerisation of acetylene to benzene is highly exergonic, proceeding with a free energy change of 142 kcal/mol at room temperature. Kinetic barriers however prevent the reaction from proceeding smoothly. The breakthrough came in 1948, when Walter Reppe and W. J. Schweckendiek reported their wartime results showing that nickel compounds are effective catalysts:

Since this discovery, many other cyclotrimerisations have been reported.

Mechanism
In terms of mechanism, the reactions begin with the formation of metal-alkyne complexes. The combination of two alkynes within the coordination sphere affords a metallacyclopentadiene. Starting from the metallacyclopentadiene intermediate, many pathways can be considered including metallocycloheptatrienes, metallanorbornadienes, and a more complicated structure featuring a carbenoid ligand.

Catalysts used include cyclopentadienylcobalt dicarbonyl and Wilkinson's catalyst.

Stereochemistry and regiochemistry
Trimerisation of unsymmetrical alkynes gives two isomeric benzenes. For example, phenylacetylene affords both 1,3,5- and 1,2,4-C6R3H3. The substitution pattern about the product arene is determined in two steps: formation of the metallocyclopentadiene intermediate and incorporation of the third equivalent of alkyne. Steric bulk on the alkyne coupling partners and catalyst have been invoked as the controlling elements of regioselectivity.

Chiral catalysts have been employed in combination with arynes to produce non-racemic atropisomeric products.

Scope and limitations
Catalysts for cyclotrimerisation are selective for triple bonds, which gives the reaction a fairly wide substrate scope. Many functional groups are tolerated. Regioselective intermolecular trimerization of unsymmetrical alkynes remains an unsolved problem.

Perhaps the most useful development in this area, at least from the commercial perspective is the cotrimerization of nitriles and alkynes. This reaction is a practical route to some substituted pyridines.

Some catalysts are deactivated by formation of stable, 18-electron η4-complexes. Cyclobutadiene, cyclohexadiene, and arene complexes have all been observed as off-cycle, inactivated catalysts. In addition to high-order polymers and dimers and trimers, which originate from low regio- and chemoselectivities, enyne side products derived from alkyne dimerisation have been observed. Rhodium catalysts are particularly adept at enyne formation (see below). For nickel catalysis, formation of larger rings (particularly cyclooctatetraene) can be a problem.

Synthetic applications
Alkyne trimerization is of no practical value, although the reaction was highly influential. The cotrimerization of alkynes and nitriles in the presence of organocobalt catalysts has been commercialized for the production of substituted pyridines.

Cyclization involving substrates in which some or all of the alkyne units are tethered together can provide fused ring systems. The length of the tether(s) controls the sizes of the additional rings. Addition of a 1,5-diyne with an alkyne produces a benzocyclobutene, a strained structure that can then be induced to undergo further reactions.

All three alkyne units can be tethered, leading to creation of three rings in a single step, with each of the two additional ring sizes controlled by the respective tether lengths.

Crowded triynes can cyclize to products exhibiting helical chirality. In one example remarkable for the formation of three new aromatic rings in one step, the triyne shown is transformed into the helical product via treatment with cyclopentadienylcobalt dicarbonyl. As of 2004, this process had yet to be rendered asymmetric, but the products could be separated through chiral HPLC. Cyclisation carried out with a diyne and a separate alkyne affords greater control. Using commercially available cyclopentadienylcobalt dicarbonyl, CpCo(CO)2, as catalyst, bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene (BTMSA) will react with a diyne-1,2-disubstituted benzene to form an anthroquinone aromatic system:

 * 1,7-Diyne_alkyne_cycloaddition.png

Benzyne, generated in situ from a benzene ring bearing ortho-distributed triflate and trimethylsilyl substituents, can be used to generate an aryne in place of an acetylene and combined with a suitable diyne. Such a benzene derivative reacts with 1,7-octadiyne in the presence of a suitable catalyst to generate a naphthalene system. This is an example of a hexadehydro Diels–Alder reaction.

Trimerisation of three 2-butyne (dimethylacetylene) molecules yields hexamethylbenzene. The reaction is catalyzed by triphenylchromium tri-tetrahydrofuranate or by a complex of triisobutylaluminium and titanium tetrachloride.

Trimerisation of three diphenylacetylene molecules yields hexaphenylbenzene. The reaction is catalyzed by dicobalt octacarbonyl.

Comparison with other methods
Cyclotrimerization presents an alternative to the functionalization of pre-formed aromatic compounds through electrophilic or nucleophilic substitution, the regioselectivity of which can sometimes be difficult to control.

Other methods for the direct formation of aromatic rings from substituted, unsaturated precursors include the Dötz reaction, palladium-catalyzed [4+2] benzannulation of enynes with alkynes, and Lewis-acid-mediated [4+2] cycloaddition of enynes with alkynes. Cyclization of transient benzyne species with alkynes, catalyzed by palladium, can also produce substituted aromatic compounds.

title: Alkyne trimerisation


text:
Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire

This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire. Since 1688, all the Lords Lieutenant have also been Custos Rotulorum of Hampshire. From 1889 until 1959, the administrative county was named the County of Southampton.

 * William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester 1551–?
 * William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester bef. 1585 – 24 November 1598 jointly with
 * Henry Radclyffe, 4th Earl of Sussex 3 July 1585 – 14 December 1593
 * Charles Blount, 1st Earl of Devonshire 4 August 1595 – 3 April 1606 jointly with
 * George Carey, 2nd Baron Hunsdon 29 October 1597 – 8 September 1603 and
 * Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton 10 April 1604 – 10 November 1624
 * Edward Conway, 1st Viscount Conway 9 May 1625 – 3 January 1631
 * Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland 8 February 1631 – 13 March 1635
 * James Stewart, 1st Duke of Richmond 29 May 1635 – 1642 jointly with
 * Jerome Weston, 2nd Earl of Portland 29 May 1635 – 1642 and
 * Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton 3 June 1641 – 1642
 * Interregnum
 * Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton 24 September 1660 – 16 May 1667
 * Charles Paulet, Lord St John 20 December 1667 – 1675
 * Edward Noel, 1st Earl of Gainsborough 20 March 1676 – 24 December 1687 jointly with
 * Wriothesley Noel, Viscount Campden 9 April 1684 – 24 December 1687
 * James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick 24 December 1687 – 4 April 1689
 * Charles Paulet, 1st Duke of Bolton 4 April 1689 – 27 February 1699
 * Charles Paulet, 2nd Duke of Bolton 11 June 1699 – 15 September 1710
 * Henry Somerset, 2nd Duke of Beaufort 15 September 1710 – 24 May 1714
 * Charles Paulet, 2nd Duke of Bolton 5 August 1714 – 21 January 1722
 * Charles Paulet, 3rd Duke of Bolton 8 February 1722 – 3 September 1733
 * John Wallop, 1st Earl of Portsmouth 3 September 1733 – 19 July 1742
 * Charles Powlett, 3rd Duke of Bolton 19 July 1742 – 26 August 1754
 * Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Bolton 13 November 1754 – 25 October 1758
 * Charles Powlett, 5th Duke of Bolton 25 October 1758 – 15 June 1763
 * James Brydges, Marquess of Carnarvon 15 June 1763 – 20 August 1764
 * Robert Henley, 1st Earl of Northington 20 August 1764 – 6 February 1771
 * James Brydges, 3rd Duke of Chandos 6 February 1771 – 10 May 1780
 * George Pitt, 1st Baron Rivers 10 May 1780 – 15 April 1782
 * Harry Powlett, 6th Duke of Bolton 15 April 1782 – 5 April 1793
 * In commission: 1793–1798
 * George Paulet, 12th Marquess of Winchester
 * Sir William Heathcote, 3rd Baronet
 * William John Chute
 * Charles Paulet, Earl of Wiltshire 3 March 1798 – 1 March 1800
 * Thomas Orde-Powlett, 1st Baron Bolton 1 March 1800 – 30 July 1807
 * James Harris, 1st Earl of Malmesbury 22 August 1807 – 21 November 1820
 * Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington 27 December 1820 – 1 September 1852
 * John Paulet, 14th Marquess of Winchester 27 October 1852 – 4 July 1887
 * Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon 6 August 1887 – 29 June 1890
 * Thomas Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook 7 November 1890 – 15 November 1904
 * Henry Paulet, 16th Marquess of Winchester 21 December 1904 – 24 January 1918
 * John Edward Bernard Seely, 1st Baron Mottistone 24 January 1918 – 7 November 1947
 * Wyndham Portal, 1st Viscount Portal 12 December 1947 – 6 May 1949
 * Gerald Wellesley, 7th Duke of Wellington 9 September 1949 – 19 September 1960
 * Alexander Francis St Vincent Baring, 6th Baron Ashburton 19 September 1960 – 1973
 * William James Harris, 6th Earl of Malmesbury 16 April 1973 – 1982
 * Lt. Col. Sir James Walter Scott, 2nd Baronet 17 December 1982 – 2 November 1993
 * Dame Mary Fagan 28 March 1994 – 11 September 2014
 * Nigel Atkinson 11 September 2014 – Present

Deputy Lieutenants
A deputy lieutenant of Hampshire is commissioned by the Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire. Deputy lieutenants support the work of the lord-lieutenant. There can be several deputy lieutenants at any time, depending on the population of the county. Their appointment does not terminate with the changing of the lord-lieutenant, but they usually retire at age 75.

19th Century

 * 31 March 1847: John Paulet, 14th Marquess of Winchester
 * 31 March 1847: Lancelot Archer Burton
 * 31 March 1847: Horatio Francis Kingsford Holloway
 * 31 March 1847: Thomas Robbins
 * 13 March 1891: John Carpenter Garnier
 * 13 March 1891: The Duke of Wellington
 * 13 March 1891: The Marquess of Winchester
 * 13 March 1891: The Earl of Northesk
 * 13 March 1891: The Earl of Malmesbury
 * 13 March 1891: The Viscount Lymington
 * 13 March 1891: The Viscount Baring
 * 13 March 1891: The Lord Ashburton
 * 13 March 1891: Lord Montagu of Beaulieu
 * 13 March 1891: Lord Basing
 * 13 March 1891: John Jervis Carnegie
 * 13 March 1891: Anthony Evelyn Melbourne Ashley,
 * 13 March 1891: Sir Nelson Rycroft}
 * 13 March 1891: Lieutenant General Sir Frederick Wellington John Fitzwygram
 * 13 March 1891: Sir William David King
 * 13 March 1891: Sir Steuart Macnaghten
 * 13 March 1891: Colonel Edward Bance
 * 13 March 1891: William Wither Bramston Beach
 * 13 March 1891: Lieutenant Colonel George Francis Birch
 * 13 March 1891: Lieutenant Colonel Philip Aithur Campbell Wyndham
 * 13 March 1891: John Bonham-Carter
 * 13 March 1891: Chaloner William Chute
 * 13 March 1891: Francis Compton
 * 13 March 1891: Frederick Gonnerman Dalgety
 * 13 March 1891: William Henry Deverell
 * 13 March 1891: Admiral Edward Field
 * 13 March 1891: Francis Horatio FitzRoy
 * 13 March 1891: Francis Michael Ellis Jervoise
 * 13 March 1891: Captain Hugh Montolieu Hammersley
 * 13 March 1891: William Howley Kingsmill
 * 13 March 1891: Montagu George Knight
 * 13 March 1891: Walter Jervis Long
 * 13 March 1891: John Mills
 * 13 March 1891: John Morant
 * 13 March 1891: William Graham Nicholson
 * 13 March 1891: Sir Wyndham Spencer Portal
 * 13 March 1891: William Barrow Simonds
 * 13 March 1891: William Wickham

20th century

 * 17 September 1962: Anthony Ewart Ledger Hill

title: Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire


text:
Talk:Robert Wedderburn (radical)

Untitled
Just something I happened across on the web, reproduced here (in case the link goes bad) for anyone who would care to develop the article beyond a stub. This information is currently accesesible at: http://www.electricscotland.com/history/scotsman/colour.htm  deeceevoice 17:05, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Stories from the Scotsman Disowned by his father. . for the colour of his skin THE dark stranger had crossed an ocean to arrive at his destination, the place that he hoped he could call "home".

He had travelled from the fertile plantations of Jamaica, leaving behind the horrors of the island’s slave trade to eventually arrive at an impressive property on the outskirts of Edinburgh - his gruelling journey fuelled by a burning injustice in his heart and longing that his father would at last acknowledge his duty to his son.

But Robert Wedderburn, the result of his Scottish plantation owner father’s "brutal lust" with a feisty but ultimately powerless slave girl called Rosanna, would soon find his unexpected appearance on the doorstep of his father’s Musselburgh home less than welcome.

"I visited my father, who had the inhumanity to threaten to send me to gaol if I troubled him," he wrote years later of his trip to Inveresk Lodge. "He did not deny me to be his son, but called me a lazy fellow and said he would do nothing for me. From his cook I had one draught of small beer, and his footman gave me a cracked sixpence."

Small pickings for the mulatto son of James Wedderburn, a respected member of Edinburgh society who made a very handsome fortune from the Jamaican slavery trade before returning to Scotland to marry into even more wealth. And even then his shocking treatment of the slaves he owned, sold and brutalised - Rosanna bore him three children, another slave delivered him a son and a daughter - was being gradually airbrushed from history.

Indeed, Robert’s shameful treatment at the hands of his disinterested father could easily have remained lost in the mists of time had an Edinburgh academic not paid a moving tribute to his fight for his birth rights and determination to highlight the injustices of slavery, in his own brief memoirs.

Geoff Palmer, a professor of grain science at Heriot-Watt University and award-winning race relations campaigner - whose own family roots were moulded by the 18th and 19th century Jamaican slavery system - believes Robert Wedderburn’s experience was hardly unique, yet still deserves its place in Scottish history lessons.

"James Wedderburn lived out his post-slavery life in great luxury at Inveresk," he points out. "His house, Inveresk Lodge, now stands in Trust, in its whitewash splendour at the high end of a tranquil garden, now open to all. Local historians speak graciously about James Wedderburn and his well-placed white descendants.

"But, through either ignorance or omission, no mention is made of his 28 years as a rapacious slave-owner in Jamaica."

It’s a slice of Scottish history which, he firmly believes, we should remember - regardless of how unsavoury the details may be to a modern, more racially tolerant society. "This is an area of Scottish history that is not taught in schools at all," he adds, "yet Scottish men played an enormous part not only in fashioning the racial mix in Jamaica but also in shaping the country.

"The Scottish influence was enormous. People may well feel it was a disgraceful period but it’s still history."

In fact, there can be few episodes in Scottish history which highlight more clearly the injustices, agonies and human tragedies resulting from the Scots plundering of Jamaica than the story of Robert Wedderburn.

Ironically, his father had also experienced human tragedy at its most gruesome level. James Wedderburn was just 16 in 1746 when he watched his own father being hung, drawn and quartered for his role in the Jacobite Rebellion. There was a further price to pay for his staunch support for the Jacobites - the Wedderburns’ extensive family estates were confiscated to the king, and his descendants, including sons James and John, forced to seek a living wherever and however they could.

They joined the exodus of Scots who travelled to Jamaica, where plantations yielded exotic spices, sugar, coffee and cotton, where the lucrative slave trade flourished and where vast fortunes could be easily made.

James, still little more than a youth, quickly established himself as a doctor, despite his lack of formal qualifications. "He turned an honest penny by drugging and physicing the poor blacks," wrote Robert years later in his book The Horrors of Slavery. "Those that were cured he had the credit for, those he killed, the fault was laid to their own obstinacy."

As his fortune grew, so did his power and his carnal appetites. Like many plantation owners and slave traders at the time, he thought little of satisfying his lust by taking advantage of the prettiest slaves.

"It is a common practice for the planters to have lewd intercourse with their female slaves; and so inhuman are many of these said planters, that many well-authenticated instances are known of their selling slaves while pregnant and making that a pretence to enhance their value," wrote Robert. "A father selling his offspring is no disgrace there. A planter letting out his prettiest female slaves for purposes of lust, is by no means uncommon."

James, he added, was "a perfect parish bull", ranging through his household staff for his own lewd purposes. "They were his personal property, cost nothing extra; and if any one proved with child - why, it was an acquisition which might one day fetch something in the market, like a horse or pig in Smithfield."

Eventually his attention was captured by Rosanna, a lady’s maid, esteemed by her "owner" which gave her the right to refuse any deal to sell her to someone she did not want to work for. Somehow, though, James was able to secure her as his personal slave.

The educated, chaste and virtuous Rosanna became not only the reluctant manager of his household, but the main focus of his desires.

"My father’s house was full of female slaves," Robert wrote. "All objects of his lusts; amongst whom he strutted like Solomon in his grand seraglio or like a bantam cock upon his own dunghill."

Abused and defiled by her master, Rosanna was to suffer further ignominy when he brought another slave to his home, ranking her higher than the woman who had already borne him two children. She was already five months pregnant with Robert in 1762, when, raging at her treatment, Wedderburn finally agreed to return her to her lady owner - for a price - with the concession that the child she bore should be free from slavery from birth.

The young Robert embraced that freedom. Having witnessed atrocities against his mother - he once saw her pregnant, stretched on the ground, hands and feet tied and flogged - and his 70-year-old grandmother falsely accused of witchcraft and almost beaten to death, he battled against the injustices of the slavery trade.

Educated and with a firm belief in the church, he set out for London in 1779, perhaps intending to build a relationship with his father, perhaps with every intention of doing all in his power to highlight his father’s inhumanity. He had met his father only once in Jamaica, having been taken to him by his grandmother, Talkee Amy. "My grandmother called him a mean Scotch rascal thus to desert his own flesh and blood," wrote Robert.

There was no doubt that Wedderburn had enough wealth to distribute just a little to his own son. "James and his brother John had become two of the most pernicious slavers in Jamaican history," explains Geoff Palmer. "They had power and their power was within the laws of the time. Men like them were there to make money, producing rum, sugar cane, coffee, spices. Slavery was legal - why should they treat anyone well . . . the law did not particularly require them to.

"James was a very powerful slave master who also saved all his money. When he returned to Scotland 27 years later, he was a very rich man."

Indeed, James had immediately paid £1000 for Inveresk Lodge on his return to Scotland in 1773. His wealth, gained from the blood, sweat and tears of the slaves whose lives he traded in, helped whitewash over events of some three decades earlier when his family’s land was seized and his father executed.

Now he was rich and respectable - with the social status to attract the daughter of a rich west coast steel magnate for his wife. And the last thing he would have wanted was the mulatto son he had fathered to a slave in Jamaica arriving on his doorstep.

"Robert probably did think he would be invited in," says Geoff Palmer. "He would have thought he would be welcomed as a son and the fact that he wasn’t must have made him angry. But it was a typical problem of the time. When white masters had children with black slaves, it was fine if these mixed race children remained in Jamaica. They were even educated and often given freedom there.

"But Robert turned up just as Wedderburn had established himself back into the Scottish hierarchy - he certainly would not want him to affect his social status."

Stung by his treatment, outraged by Wedderburn’s "legitimate" son Andrew’s claims that he was lying and simply trying to gain money from the family, Robert became one of the nation’s leading anti-slavery activists.

He spent time in prison for his forthright arguments against the slave trade, attacking the government’s position and raging against society’s antipathy towards the plight of plantation slaves. And even when he died, aged 73, in London, just one year after the abolition of the West Indian slave trade, he was still insisting that Wedderburn blood ran through his veins.

His story, insists Palmer, needs to be retold so Scots can understand a vital element of their nation’s history and, perhaps, help put an end racial misunderstandings. "Those ‘ethnic’ people, those slaves, contributed to Western civilisation: how many people today think of oranges, sugar, tea, tobacco, potatoes, chocolate as ethnic foods?

"It’s insulting not to tell people about this episode in Scotland’s history, it’s considering them not to be sophisticated enough or big enough to understand it. The Scottish influence in Jamaica is everywhere - from place names like St Andrews to the black people who have green eyes.

"It’s not something we should simply whitewash from the history books."

Sandra Dick Monday, 9th June 2003 Evening News

The Scotsman

Wedderburn's journalism
According to the Dictionary of Nineteenth Century Journalism, Wedderburn was one of the first black journalists working in Britain, and probably the first black editor. I have also found Wedderburn's letter to newspaper Bell's Life in London, mentioned in the article, so can add that reference. Andhobbs (talk) 10:01, 8 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Robert Wedderburn (radical)


text:
Talk:Doom (film)

Unsigned Comments
There seems to be a lot of comments which have been left unsigned by the authors in this page. It's considered polite to sign your comments. Just a reminder. Crimson Shadow 23:30, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Yes guys, start signing your comments.

Listen to the guy above this comment people, start signing already, thats the right thing to do! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.48.123.76 (talk) 06:27, 25 November 2010 (UTC)

 * 16th April. I have tidied up this page somewhat, but it needs more information on plot etc. - Robert Knight
 * I've written a llttle bit about the plot based on the information released(and removed that information from the details section). It's difficult to write much more without knowing just how faithful the adaptation will be, early reports suggested it would stray greatly from the source material while more recent interviews have been keen to suggest that it will be more or less the same plot as Doom 3. Also I've removed the controversy section, I reworked the point about the in the reports about the plot changing into the details section and scrapped the section about videogame adaptations since it a little bit POV and didn't seem that relevant anyway.  --FlooK 00:02, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

The trailer hasn't been released yet. DrJones 30 June 2005 17:45 (UTC)
 * It was released this week at the link on the bottom of the article --FlooK 22:41, 30 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The website for the film will most likely be http://www.doommovie.com/ . Whois tells me this domain is registered to Universal Pictures and the address is currently forwarded to UP website. 2005/07/19 - Santeri Ukonaho

>>Website should be http://www.crapmovie.com. "But" I said facetiously when leaving the theater, "at least they got the science right!"

Film. It is really older.
I remember reading a long long time ago (between DOOM II and Final DOOM times) in a magazine that id Software wanted to make the film, but finally producers declined to make a such so gore film.

I think they were the same producers (UP), but I currently I don't remember where I put that magazine.

Can anyone please check and improve the article with that information, thanks.

—Claunia 05:05, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I remember reading about plans for a DOOM film sometime in the late 90's. At one point, the California governor whose name I'm too lazy to research in order to spell correctly was attached to star. The plans fell through in pre-production, which happens more often in Hollywood than people realize.

"Pinky demon" is just "Demon"
For people's info: http://classicdoom.com/doominfo.htm About a third of the way down the page is the official list of Doom enemies straight from the game's original readme file.

Awww you had to kill teh fun xD Oh well... I actually knew it, but since i had no proof...

John Wells interview
I just removed a line from the Trivia section about an interview with one of the movie's producers, John Wells. I also commented out the prose beneath the bullet points as lacking in both substance and source information. If someone can find a link or a reference to this supposed interview, I'll gladly reinstate the material. This kind of stuff shouldn't be in an encyclopedia article without a valid source. — EagleOne\Talk 20:09, 23 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Never mind, found it myself. I've put a link to the interview early in the article and again in the Trivia section, just to be clear on where our information is coming from. — EagleOne\Talk 20:33, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

names on the wall
Towards the end when Sarge bursts though some glasswork, there are a bunch of names on that glass (Ying Lee, John Coates, Alan Crow, Alfredo Alvarez and more). Does anyone know who these people are? I'm assuming probably part of the fx team.

 * Those people must be a fool!

>x<ino 09:11, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

Too many images?
Are all these images necessary? The BFG image I can understand -- however, we have an entire article for the BFG9000 in which the BFGv3.14 is noted, as well as an entire article for the BFG10k of the Quake series; both of which should be merged -- but all of the images for the Doom (film) article looks more like clutter than anything else.
 * I agree. For the character section, I've removed all of the marines apart from Sarge and Reaper. Crimson Shadow 16:56, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Doom 2???
Question: Is the Doom 2 movie actually confirmed to be greenlighted? I haven't seen any information on a sequel being greenlighted yet for the Doom movie. KSweeley 05:46, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * This first film lost enough money to feed a chunk of the third-world. I seriously doubt anyone is interested in making a sequel, unless it's budgeted for a straight-to-video Blockbuster release staring Brian Bosworth as the "Snake Grimm", a long-lost cousin.

--Ronnie42 (talk) 11:28, 26 June 2011 (UTC)Actually the sequel has been greenlighted. http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2011-03-10-doom-film-reboot-green-lit-report

Not game related at ALL!
This movie does have NO detail from the games and fans of the game would have hated the movie. The only people who liked it did not play the games at all. The director should have played the games so he could know.

 * Your point?

 * I think the pont he is trying to make is that the movie just plain sucked! Everyone involed must be shot on-site. THE DOOM MOVIE IS HISTORY'S GREATEST MONSTER! (exept the cyper demon, ouch!) Dfrg.msc 07:43, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

 * No, seriously. Your point? What's this got to do with a wiki article? (Also, I liked the movie. Whoo, I guess)TerminusEst13 04:38, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

 * the point:you can simply wacht film and videogame:enemies have different origin(real demon or genetical altered men), a single character(videogame) or a group of soldiers(film), the superpower is granted by the 25th gene only in the film(in the videogame you simply are super!).

and a lesser important different: the technology that transport/create the enemies is a teleport device in the videogame and a genetical improvement discovered and copied by a now-estingued alien race in the film

Riiiiight, so you CANT make a movie that has nothing to do with the videogame at all? Okay then, now if you excuse me i am gonna go watch SF2 the american movie, because THAT ONE SUUURE has lots to do with the game =P

Comment not signed by _your face_ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.48.123.76 (talk) 06:40, 25 November 2010 (UTC)

Switched
Character descriptions for Portman and Destroyer have been swapped. Vandalizm?

sequel
I believe that the sequel should be a try-again of the original movie rather than a by-product based on the success of DVD-sales. --Nintendude 18:16, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

I don't think that they are going to risk the production costs on a Doom-related movie. User:Lord Hawk 04:14, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

Hopefully some day, some one will make another try, but right now, Doom as a movie... is dead. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.203.97.38 (talk) 01:09, 12 July 2008 (UTC)

First Person View
I know this movie did not make histroy by showing the first person view of one of the characters in the movie. The first person view mode was seen by my brother and I in the movie "Belly" starring DMX and Nas.

 * Belly!?...and what do you mean, your bro saw it!?
 * >x<ino 20:42, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

Article comments
Cleaned up the plot overview a bit, it was marked as needing it. But I think the Karl Urban quote needs to go in a different section. --GeneralDuke 22:24, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

I cleaned up a few things about the plots and weapons, and removed the tag. Hope that's ok? Gov 23:56, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

My little thoughts
It appears the Discussion pages for any article relating to either Paul W. S. Anderson, his movies, Uwe Boll, his "movies" and other video game to movie adaptions have become places where people just fume out their anger with nothing but bitter comments and complaints. Well, here's my little thought, I think Doom was a fair effort. True, its not the best video game movie but far more entertaining than either the original game or the Tomb Raider film. Also removed section of criticism that complained about the FPS section being only 5 minutes when 75% of the film was expected to be in First Person. There's no source because it was obviously dreamed up by some idiot. That's another problem, people keep vandalizing and adding theire hateful bias to VG-film articles. Look, they are movies, just like any other films, I've seen many films that were worse than Doom and even worse than House of the Dead. (user:HannuMakinen)

 * why do you tell"dreamed up by some idiot"?fans of a videogame are not idiot, please correct your affermation in something of less offensive.

Reaper engaged to Sarge's daughter??
Where the heck did this info come from?

You didn't know that??? That's why he went after him 'cause he was 'hitting it'

Corporal Dean Portman
'Psychopathic, disgusting, sexually deviant member of the team.'..? Tad on the judgemental side don't you think? As far as I can remember he mentions liking ladyboys, which hardly makes him a devient in today's world, and certainly not in the future when presumably people will have come up with wierd and wonderful 'perversions' that we mere 21st century citizens can't even imagine. If this behavior is supposed to be some kind of indication of a psychotic character, it reflects very badly on the filmakers, who presumably believe that many of the thousands of male tourists that visit Bangcock each year are 'psychopaths' too. The word devient in this context is completly subjective anyway, since it presumes, that like the writer of the profile, everyone regards non-heterosexuals as devients. Needless to say it dosn't take a sociologist to tell you that's a highly innacurate presumption, so I think this needs a little editing... Lauriet 01:10, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Lol disgusting... very neutral opinion huh? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.203.97.38 (talk) 01:11, 12 July 2008 (UTC)

Section 2: Violence predisposition controversy, can it be verified?
I have a question, can section 2 of the article be verified through any reliable source? I've never heard of id Software even being involved with Columbine. KSweeley 06:49, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I remember id being used as a scapegoat after one of the kids said "it's gonna be like fucking Doom" or something like that. Does that help? Crimson Shadow 11:48, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, I do remember that quote and id being used as a public scapegoat, but I don't recall reading in any reliable source that id sent legal representation to the Columbine trial and reading that these parts of section 2 ever occurring during the Columbine case:

"This assumption is similar to the position taken by id Software lawyers on the famous Columbine High School massacre case."

"...representatives of id Software claimed that it was only a “last drop” that triggered the events, but violence was initially in both kids' psyches because they were predisposed to it." KSweeley 08:14, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

Reaper a former scientist?
The article lists Reaper as a former scientist, I don't think that's correct. His sister says something to the effect that he could have been one. His parents died when he was very young and I think he went straight into the Marines when he became eligible. Mcr29 18:16, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

 * does it still do so? I seem to remember that he decided to be a marine instead of a scientist, his sister said something to that effect, didn't she? B10Reaper (talk) 19:21, 10 August 2009 (UTC)

Remove portion of Violence Predisposition Controversy
I suggest that the following portion of the section entitled "Violence Predisposition Controversy" be removed:

"Even in the movie, this point is actually contradicted. Reaper says that he has had a very violent life, but the fact that C-24 doesn't turn him into a demon shows that he does not possess the genes which predispose violent behavior. Further, several characters who are seemingly benigh as normal people (e.g. Pinky) but are turned into demons and thus possess the genes for violent behavior but they don't determine how they actually act."

I don't see how this is a contradiction. Regarding Pinky, the person who wrote this seems to have forgotten the fact that as Portman was being killed, Pinky sat and watched with a smile on his face, and as he was being questioned (I believe by Sarge) if he had a visual on Portman, he replied that he did not. I believe that this was the film's clue to Pinky's predisposition to violence, despite his outward behavior to the contrary. Regarding Reaper, leading a violent life does not make a person instinctively violent. Note Reaper's concern towards the people Sarge was going to kill and his concern for his sister. All he said as he was "dying" was "I've done some bad things," not "I'm a violent person by nature." Almost everybody has done "bad things," which does not inherently make them bad people. Conversely, as with Pinky, not everybody who does good things is a good person. If that was too poorly explained, forgive me - I can give it another shot if need be. I won't remove the section just yet, as my analysis may not be universally agreed on. If I haven't received any compelling arguments to the contrary in a couple days I'm going to go ahead and remove it. Intooblv 00:50, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

Pinky also damned Mac when he left him. He acted unwillingly from the beginning to the end. But if he is good or evil that does not really matter to me. IMO, he is just simply an indication to the appearance of a wheelchair demon.--165.228.131.12 06:19, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

One Big Mistake
When Sarge and Reaper found the dead bodies of Dr. Clay and Dr. Thurman, the place is the entrance to the archeological dig where is outside of Carmack's lab. And here they encountered the Hell Knight of Curtis Stahl, (the others showed before are proved to be the scientists) which means this one was not sealed inside Carmack's lab at the first place. It could start killing the civilians already but not. How unlikely. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 165.228.131.12 (talk) 12:46, 22 January 2007 (UTC).

Hell Knight/Curtis Stahl - was he an Imp before?
By any chance, did Curtis skip the Imp stage? If not, then can we assume (not saying put this in the article) that all the other Imps, given time, would have become Hell Knights? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Ggctuk (talk • contribs) 10:30, 12 February 2007 (UTC).

Similarity between this movie and Predator
Many feel the similarity between this movie and Alien movies because of the similar environment. But I aslo found it and the first Predator movie have something in common. --Mato Rei 07:10, 20 February 2007 (UTC)
 * In both movie, an elite team was sent but only the protagonist survived with a female character.
 * Each team member is designed with clear personality and special skill, though all died at last.
 * The major roles in each movie are both played by former sports stars, Arnold Schwarzenegger and The Rock.
 * The final combat in both is hand to hand combat and ends up with an explosion.
 * Dude, that's pretty much DOZENS of action movies. Lots42 (talk) 15:25, 25 July 2008 (UTC)

I have a suggestion
So, the criticism section is eaten up with weasel words and is seemingly biased. What if we changed that section to a "difference between the game and film" section instead, as to better showcase the differences, which is basically what that section is already about. Thoughts? Levid37 16:42, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

That sounds like it could work. I noticed that the Doom 3 article has a "rebuttals" section. The Doom movie article might also benefit from this, but I don't know if there are any widespread rebuttals to the common critcisms of the film. 24.255.168.225 20:59, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Okay I've changed the criticism section to a difference from the games section, but I'm still not sure that it works out all that well. Maybe if a little more work was put on it. It's still better, to me, than a section full of weasel words and little to no sources. If you feel it just doesn't work then feel free to revert, but at least give it a chance. Levid37 13:10, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

I removed about half of the article, because most of it didn't really fit the definition of differences between the film and game. I removed references to things used sparsely, because they're going to be sparse by default because the games are naturally much longer than the film. I removed the reference to no homage to Romero, because that was in film, not a difference between the film and game. And finally, I took out the note about it being based on Doom 3, because Doom 3 is still a Doom game.

It no longer illistrates very well why people didn't like it compared to the game, but it didn't fit the new heading.

Out of curiosity, why was the note about the possibility of Grimm's first name being a homage to Romero removed? I know it was speculation, but it doesn't seem right to state something like that factually when a distinct possibility like that is present. 24.255.168.225 00:28, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

 * The article looks a lot more clean and I like the fact that those Following part does not cite its sources boxes aren't all over the place anymore. It's still not the kind of article I would want for the movie, but definitely an improvement. -TheHande 09:14, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:1st Person.jpg
Image:1st Person.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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Fair use rationale for Image:Sarge VS. Reaper.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:Doom4.jpg
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My Recent Edits
I removed the info about Pinky from the cast section, as it is redundant, it is covered elsehwere in the article. I also removed the Carmack information for safety; as I recall, the fictional Carmack was a very bad person; comparing this to a real person...well, Wikipedia prefers, in this type of situation to err very heavily on the side of caution. Lots42 (talk) 01:18, 6 June 2008 (UTC)
 * And again it was reverted. Lots42 (talk) 18:00, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

New Doom movie possibility
Added information regarding id Software's CEO Todd Hollenshead's recent statements on a new Doom movie that he would like to do with Universal again, this time possibly based on the upcoming Doom 4 game found on Kotaku. KSweeley (talk) 02:20, 8 September 2008 (UTC)

Contradiction
there is obvious contradiction between revenue and budget size in the template and in the text —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.177.244.248 (talk) 21:33, 16 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I've removed the tag, if there was in fact a contradiction between infobox and text, it appears to have been addressed already. umrguy  42  21:12, 14 March 2009 (UTC)

Really a flop?
The article ends by saying that the movie is "considered a huge flop", yet if you add up the revenue it generated it seems to have made a profit of more than 20 million dollars. As was mentioned above, the article is inconsistent in it's figure for the movie's budget, with it stating as being both $60 million and $70 million, but if you add up the gross revenues including US and Worldwide it comes to $84 million, that sounds like $24 to $14 million of profit, can that really be considered a flop? --Hibernian (talk) 14:29, 2 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Actually, even assuming a budget of only $60 million, it couldn't have made very much. Best case, if the correct method is to add domestic and worldwide totals, total gross would be ~$72 million... nice, but not really great. (If the budget was $70 million, then it just barely broke even in this case.) If the domestic gross is already included in the worldwide gross, then it lost at least $16 million. umrguy  42  21:32, 14 March 2009 (UTC)

Links to use
Above are links that can be used to improve the article. They were in the "External links" section, but I moved them here to avoid making that section into a link farm. — Erik (talk • contrib) 17:43, 13 April 2009 (UTC)
 * A report from Comic-Con with information from a panel of the cast and crew
 * An Interview with Karl Urban about the film
 * An Interview with Doom Executive Producer John Wells
 * The Doug Jones Experience - behind the scenes
 * The Doug Jones Experience - DOOM Journal

Cleaning up the talk page
Seems to me that half these sections violate the talk page guidelines.

"The purpose of a Wikipedia talk page is to provide space for editors to discuss changes to its associated article or project page." -[|Wiki talk page guidelines]

I am not going to touch this, I've been cleaning up blatant vandalism, and took off what seemed to be obvious trolling, but if a senior editor would take it into consideration to clean up this page a little of posts that violate the guidelines, That would be great. B10Reaper (talk) 19:27, 10 August 2009 (UTC)

Doctor's name (Carmack) an obvious tribute
I'm surprised this isn't mentioned in the article: the doctor's name, Carmack, is an obvious tribute to John Carmack, the lead programmer of Doom. --82.171.70.54 (talk) 11:48, 30 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Do you have any links or references to back it up? Since the fictional character Carmack is a very evil person, we are simply not allowed to go comparing him to real, living people without any references. Lots42 (talk) 13:53, 30 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately I do not have any links/references. It's just that Carmack isn't a very common name: eight people listed on that Wikipedia page and two of those Carmacks are co-founders of id Software. The scriptwriters must have done research into Doom and it's unlikely that "Carmack" was a random pick. The Recognition section of the John Carmack article already mentions the character's name was chosen in recognition of Carmack, but without a source. Maybe we could add the same sentence to this article, but change it on both, and start it with "It's likely that..." or "The doctor's name, Carmack, may..." or something similar? --82.171.70.54 (talk) 02:47, 15 August 2010 (UTC)
 * You're still talking about original research though, which is inappropriate for inclusion. As is supposition. If this information appears elsewhere and is also unsourced there, the problem is with its inclusion there without proper sourcing, not its lack of inclusion here. Doniago (talk) 04:06, 15 August 2010 (UTC)
 * By the way, Carmack would not be the only one in question here (As far as I know), as Dr. Willits would also be named for Tim Willits, right? NOw of course surcing would be needed, yaddah yaddah yaddah....  --Clonehunter1 (talk) 03:03, 31 October 2010 (UTC)

2 of the Marine teams' last names are Fantom & Gannon. Oooh, Zelda: Ocarina of Time referance... /eyeroll

Wrong Information
Now, I know its nothing absolutley HUGE, but the death f several characters are inaccurate. Mac, Destroyer, and Portman were not killed by Imps, but by the Hell Knight monster which apears throughout the movie. I also think it could be mentioned that Carmack, after being transformed, is killed by Sarge. I would edit this myself, but I suppose I would like others thoughts or ideas. --Clonehunter1 (talk) 03:09, 31 October 2010 (UTC)

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Producer John Wells interview
Below information was tagged for needing sources in 2010. Feel free to reinsert with appropriate references. DonIago (talk) 18:01, 17 April 2017 (UTC)
 * John Wells interview with Slasherama.biz -- 109.76.153.229 (talk) 08:12, 23 June 2020 (UTC)
 * This could potentially be used to add more details to the production section. (I only now noticed that it was already (badly mis)used in the Reboot section, where it really is not relevant.) -- 109.76.153.229 (talk) 21:42, 23 June 2020 (UTC)

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Ark vs. Arc
Approximately 17 minutes into the movie, a map of the Olduvai facility is shown in which the circular room leading to the Atrium is labeled "Arc Chamber". Unless anyone has any information which contradicts this spelling, it's the one that the article should use. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.70.13.107 (talk) 02:51, 10 October 2020 (UTC)

NVM. On-screen text displays "UAC Ark Facility" at 1 hour 18 minutes into the movie. 73.70.13.107 (talk) 03:13, 10 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Doom (film)


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 You are very stubborn peoples. You block my father Mr. Grußmann from talking with Mr. Wales and then now you are blocking us again. I am not going to stop this until you talk with my fahter. I am telling you, the next step is going to be we are going to sue you and Wikipedia and Wikimedia for stealing our informations. We have already put together the dokuments and things and now we are giving you a last chance. If you are thinking that the Augsburger Forschungszentrum is not real, you should have been looking at the word in brackets ,,Privatinstitut". This is your last chance. Tobleróne (LONG LIVE BONES APART!!!)

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Flag of Palestine

The flag of Palestine (علم فلسطين ) is a tricolour of three equal horizontal stripes—black, white, and green from top to bottom—overlaid by a red triangle issuing from the hoist. It displays the pan-Arab colours, which were first combined in the current style during the 1916 Arab Revolt, and represents the Palestinian people and the State of Palestine.

Used since the 1920s, the Palestinian flag's overall design is almost identical to the flag of the Arab Revolt, with the pan-Arab colours representing four historical Arab dynasties. It was flown during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine and has also been used extensively in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, especially after it was officially adopted as the Palestinian people's flag when the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was founded in 1964. Since 2015, the State of Palestine has observed a Flag Day every 30 September. Since 2021, the Palestinian flag has been lowered to half-mast every 2 November to lament the 1917 Balfour Declaration, which was issued by the United Kingdom, supporting a "national home for the Jewish people" in what was then Ottoman Palestine.

During the Six-Day War in 1967, Israel occupied the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, where it then outlawed the Palestinian flag, which remained until the early 1990s, when Israel and the PLO signed the Oslo Accords. In practice, however, the flag is still routinely confiscated by Israeli authorities throughout the Israeli-occupied territories. In 2023, Amnesty International released a report condemning new Israeli government restrictions on displays of the Palestinian flag as "an attempt to legitimize racism" by suppressing "a symbol of unity and resistance to Israel’s unlawful occupation" in the Palestinian territories. The watermelon symbol rose to defy Israeli restrictions on the Palestinian flag between 1967 and 1993, and continues to be used today as an expression of Palestinian nationalism worldwide.

Origin

The flag used by the Arab Palestinian nationalists in the first half of the 20th century is the flag of the 1916 Arab Revolt. The origins of the flag are the subject of dispute and mythology. In one version, the colours were chosen by the Arab nationalist 'Literary Club' in Istanbul in 1909, based on the words of the 13th-century Arab poet Safi al-Din al-Hili:

Ask the high rising spears, of our aspirations Bring witness the swords, did we lose hope We are a band, honor halts our souls Of beginning with harm, those who won't harm us White are our deeds, black are our battles, Green are our fields, red are our swords.

Another version credits the Young Arab Society, which was formed in Paris in 1911. Yet another version is that the flag was designed by Sir Mark Sykes of the British Foreign Office. Whatever the correct story, the flag was used by Sharif Hussein by 1917 at the latest and quickly became regarded as the flag of the Arab national movement in the Mashriq.

A modified version (changing the order of stripes) has been used in Palestine at least since the early 1920s The Palestinian flag featured during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine, being held in most villages and the rural areas which were declared as "liberated zones". On 18 October 1948, the flag of the Arab Revolt was adopted by the All-Palestine Government, and was recognised subsequently by the Arab League as the flag of Palestine. The flag was officially adopted as the flag of the Palestinian people by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1964. On 1 December of the same year, the Executive Committee of the Liberation Organization established a special system for the flag specifying its standards and dimensions, and the black and green colors replaced each other. On 15 November 1988, the PLO adopted the flag as the flag of the State of Palestine.

On the ground the flag became widely used since the Oslo Agreements, with the establishment of the Palestinian Authority in 1993. Today the flag is flown widely by Palestinians and their supporters.

Suppression by Israel (1967–1993)
Immediately following the Six-Day War in 1967, the State of Israel outlawed the public display of the Palestinian flag in the occupied Gaza Strip and West Bank. A 1980 law forbidding artwork of "political significance" banned artwork composed of its four colours, and Palestinians were frequently arrested for displaying such artwork.

The ban was lifted after the signing of the Oslo Peace Accords in 1993. Since 2014, Israeli police have had the authority to confiscate a flag if it is used in support of terrorism or disrupts public order. Israeli police has been routinely confiscating flags. In January 2023, Minister of National Security Itamar Ben-Gvir announced he had instructed the police to ban the flag's showcasing in public spaces. Israel's restriction on the Palestinian flag were criticized by Amnesty International as an attempt to legitimize racism, adding that the Palestinian flag has been used for the past decades as "a symbol of unity and resistance to Israel’s unlawful occupation".

Watermelon symbol
The use of the watermelon as a Palestinian symbol has come as a response to Israel's confiscation of Palestinian flags.

Other pan-Arab flags
The flag is similar to that of Syria's Ba'ath Party, which uses the same shapes and colours but a 2:3 ratio as opposed to Palestine's 1:2, as well as the short-lived Arab Federation of Iraq and Jordan (which had an equilateral triangle at the hoist). It is also similar to the Flag of Sudan, the Flag of Jordan, and to the Flag of Western Sahara, all of which draw their inspiration from the Great Arab Revolt against Ottoman rule (1916–1918). The flag of the Arab Revolt had the same graphic form, but the colours were arranged differently (white on the bottom, rather than in the middle).

title: Flag of Palestine


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