text:
User talk:Mel Etitis/Archive 6

More to follow
Thanks for your comment - I hadn't realised the protocol!!! I have done it on other pages, but will cease forthwith Peter Shearan 13:02, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism and such
Is there a way to list only those edits of an IP that are not reverted already? I don't know if that possibility exists and I can't find it in the help. Shinobu 13:59, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm afraid that I don't know of any such technique — except to become an admin. One of the joys of sdminhood is the ability to 'rollback' an edit (a quick and easy form of reverting); the 'rollback' button appears next to edits that haven't yet been reverted.  Sorry not to be able to help. Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 15:35, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Well, I'll leave that job to the admins then. Except of course when some vandal has set his evil eyes on something in my watchlist ;-) Shinobu 15:56, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Oliver North
Just so you know, I've blocked the latest two sockpuppets: User:Kylewinters indefinitely for being a sockpuppet created to get round 3RR, and User:Sandleroneill for one week for creating Kylewinters, though if any more are created, the new one(s) will be blocked indefinitely too. That's 21 of them so far, I believe. He must have a high boredom threshold. Or is it a low one? SlimVirgin (talk) 19:52, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)

Traditions Magazine
I would think that the Cultural magazines category would be a closer fit than Paranormal magazines as most of the information contained within the magazine is relevant to specific cultures. There is a decent amount of paranormal information too, but more as it applies to cultures - both past and present. In truth, the best fit would be Anthropological magazines but there isn't a category for that and so Cultural magazines seemed better. I spent alot of time looking at similar pages and trying to find the best fit for the information based on other similar examples, even though there are admittedly few to choose from. Aislingbronach (talk)

Flattery
What a cheek. Indefinite block! Also, you might be interested in Votes for deletion/Simple view of ethics and morals. The title isn't lying. SlimVirgin (talk) 21:07, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, I've just issued my 50th final warning over on Talk:Oliver North. Paul Vogel is connected to Dnagit. I'm pretty sure they're not the same person, but they talk fairly regularly on some of Dnagit's discussion lists. I've noticed that the interest in cosmotheism, transhumanism etc seems to be seasonal, as though they're asleep in a pod most of the time but are brought to life by new moons or something. User:Willmcw was quite up on it at one point. He should be an admin by the way, if he isn't already, and I don't think he is. SlimVirgin (talk) 21:36, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)

FPI
your failure to be informed does not make me kooky

wingover

Thanks!
Thanks for that mail earlier. I'm glad you took the time to welcome me, and I'll do my best to help out Wikipedia where I can. Beanochris 22:13, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

(I hope this works)

Non-categorical non-Aristotlean integrity of Korean art forms.
Could you please read this article before you make a snap judgment on Korean art from your western perspective. Your logical razors are not sharpened to the eastern perspective.

While I can quote at great length enough aesthetic critics to make a 100 page book, suffice to say that the Korean aesthetic is different than western formulaic thinking. This is not a matter of neat categorical thinking as one would have in defining a law case, or the kind of exordia-narratio-divisio-confirmatio-confutatio arguments of Cicero where everything is in its place, and there is a place for everything implicitly.

We are not dealing with formal categories, Aristotlean or others, but a blending of art forms within each other: an integrated form that is part of the Korean philosophy of cultural integrity. This is part of the naturalness of Korean thinking, which does not force itself into categorical artifice. You are trying to make obviously Wordsworth rhyme like Pope. Reframe your perspective to a more natural romantic one than a classical absolutism which is instead found in Japanese works, not Korean. And if you must force some Greek method of thinking, cite Heraclitus.

Form is not necessary formal. And one cannot force Korean or asian art into western categorisation without severe error.

Please look at this briefly.

Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_art

Categories
If the term Cultural in this instance refers to art, then what is the difference between the categories for Cultural magazines and Art magazines? Also should Bukhara magazine then be removed from the Cultural magazines category? Aislingbronach

thank you!
...for supporting my recent RFA as well. I've already enjoyed use of the Speedy Mop and Magic Bucket, as I see you have as well! Beautiful garden, by the way, and hello from another member of the over-40 club. Happy editing, Antandrus 03:50, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

"China"/"PRC" vs. "mainland China" for page titles
Following the long discussion at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Chinese) regarding proper titling of Mainland China-related topics, polls for each single case has now been started here. Please come and join the discussion, and cast your vote. Thank you. — Instantnood 12:56, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)

"doctor"
Well merging them into one page seemed like a good idea until I saw Doctor (children's game) which contains too much information to merge without unbalancing the article. Also I believe that information is better kept separate, and it agrees with the research I did when I was thinking about writing it myself. If you really want these pages merged, I think you should include all the info from that page in the parent article. Kappa 20:12, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It looks to me like whoever made that page found pretty much the same google results I did, and recycled them pretty much the way I would have done (except I would have given references). Kappa 20:42, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The Hoobs
Just wondering, why did you remove my bias template from The Hoobs? The article is clearly not neutral, and should be re-written or re-worded to conform with Wikipedia's policy on a neutral point of view. -- Daniel Lawrence 21:58, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Seems like you and DDerby have already made it a presentable stub. All this for a kids programme, eh.  -- Daniel Lawrence 22:12, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Paul Vunak
Yep, it's insane how many stubs are made in an hour --DDerby 22:09, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Note anything below this is not me...--DDerby 22:15, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Why did you revert the Neo-Fascism page without discussing it?

Thanks
Hi Mel,

thaks for welcoming me! I'd just like to tell you that I like contributing pieces of knowledge for the sake of improving Wikipedia. I'm mainly around the German Wikipedia (I'm a native of Munich, Gemany). I have been learning English for thirty years now and therefore I think my English is appropriate to make small contributions to the Englisch Wikipedia. Thanks again for your warm welcome here!

Max

Category Definitions?
You said that the Cultural magazines category was for art related websites, specificly quoted as "artsy fartsy," and not as a reference to cultural in the anthropolgical sense. As such, Bukhara magazine would be cultural in the sense of the Persian culture and not in an art sense. Bukhara magazine covers Iranian and Persian philosophy, history, culture, literature, language, history, and civilization.

Help?
What do you think of Stereotek and Davenbelle's edits? They conflict with everything I do, They interfere with every article I get involved. I have been stuck with same articles over a month. Their actions are childish and frankly stupid. --Cool Cat My Talk 03:50, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Well they claim they are protecting wikipedia from me in expense of me. I do not like it. If they discuss I can work with it. If they just revert edits and vanish, frankly that can be called a number of things. Vandalism is definately one of them, although farfetched. I was not prepared to deal with this, still am not. Check their contribs too... --Cool Cat My Talk 09:17, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Can you find me a mediator to deal with Armenian Genocide, conversation just cooled so perfect time for positive action. --Cool Cat My Talk 09:19, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Well, I want a productive experience, as you can clearly see, they are my shadow. --Cool Cat My Talk 09:56, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

A mediation is necesary to evade further conflict, the level of personal attacks I have to deal with is rather unreasonable. They think they are right, I am not sure what I think, I ask their proof regarding the matter. Apperantly I am supposed to accept the article as a solid fact to begin any discussion. The dispute in a nutshell is Goverment exterimination vs war casuality (Over simplified). --Cool Cat My Talk 10:06, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Arbitration is necesary. The two users appeared in less than an hour of my post, all my edits are probably gone. Although arbitration started with personal attacks of fadix. Arbitration request is at a personal level, It is unnaceptable to call people names, like nazi or revisionist or declare them of a hidden agenda. I dont want user to die, I want him to be hurt so he stops. All I care is to be treated in a civilised manner. --Cool Cat My Talk 10:19, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I thought I would bring this to your attention: FYI, I just reverted that specific edit by Coolcat. Stereotek 09:53, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

User:Coolcat
Hi, please see my posts at Requests for arbitration — Davenbelle 09:34, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

Harassment
Please stop contributing to the pattern of harassment by Squeakbox. He has been dogposting me for days. His most recent violation of Wikipedia was to change my words on a Talk page. He follows me (that is called stalking or cyberstalking) and makes edits solely for the purpose of harassment.

Pointing out violations of the law is not harassment, nor it is threatening. I am a Florida resident, and protected by the laws of my state. Squeakbox my not be in Florida, but his behavior remains in violation, and he is a Cyberstalker. [removed mass of irrelevant Florida statutes(!?)] Signed ==> Agwiii 17:31, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

Reply to Mel
I'm sorry Mel, but Squeak box did edit my words on a TALK page. That is a 'no no' on Wikipedia, is it not?

Let's talk about philosophy. The Internet is a planetary phenomenon, and one of the problems that we all have are the SPAMMERS, people that create VIRUSES, etc. I'm sure you understand and agree. International Law, National Law, and State Law define the locus of the crime as the unit that will have jurisdiction. For example, if you and your wife visted Florida and there was a public altercation between the two of you, you could be arrested for Domestic Violence. Your due process rights would be upheld, but you would be responsible to the laws of Florida. Cyberstalking laws work the same way. The fact that Squeakbox is in the UK, or any other place, is not exculpatory.

Squeakbox is cyberstalking me. Are you excusing his behavior?

Agwiii 17:50, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure what any of the above has to do with philosophy, but let's stick to facts. I have already said that there is no evidence that he's doing any such thing, nor have you supplied evidence in the form of Diffs — you've just repeated the claim. On the other hand, you have made unsubstantiated claims against him in a number of places, most of them inappropraite, such as 'Vandalism in progress'.  Moreoever, I have just discovered that you have removed a VfD notice from an article that you created, before the debate and voting was complete.  Moreover you did so in an edit marked 'm'.  You are getting perilously close to vandalism, and you have already made personal attacks.  I strongly advise you to calm down — perhaps stop editing for a while until you regain some sense of proportion. Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 18:00, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Leon Uris remark on buraq
You as much as accused me of anti-semitism because I removed a description of the buraq credited to Leon Uris, with a remark something like "how can a Jewish novelist be an authority on the buraq?"

It wouldn't matter in the slightest that he is Jewish if he were a scholar in the field. But he's not a scholar, he's not Muslim, it's not his tradition, I don't see why he should be regarded as an authority on the appearance of a beast that appears in Islamic folklore. It's as if I were to talk about the appearance of Hindu gods, and have it quoted in Wikipedia, despite the fact that I'm not South Asian, not a Hindu, etc.

I can see why you made the assumption that you did but anti-semitism is not, in fact, lurking behind every bush. Zora 18:20, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I have no idea why you think that I accused you of anti-Semitism; my comment in full was:
 * I'm not sure why you think that being Jewish disqualifies a writer from knowing anything about anything else, but please don't remove material for that reason again. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:07, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Your edit summary said merely: ‘Why should a Jewish novelist be any authority on what the buraq looks like?” It seems to me that my response was tempered and to the point; you seem to be rather over-sensitive concerning accusations of anti-Semitism.
 * The article didn't describe him as an authority, incidentally, but quoted a relevant passage from one of his novels. I fail to see your objection. Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 18:33, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Why the heck should I regard Leon Uris as an expert on the buraq? He is not a specialist in Islamic folklore, nor does he qualify as a native informant. Furthermore, he writes FICTION. If I wrote a novel and described a chimera as "a minature hamster with blue fur", does that mean that my description should be quoted in an article on Greek myth? I have NO REASON to trust Leon Uris as an authority on buraqs. Zora 23:07, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Atheism
Mel, what was the problem with the edited version of atheism is islam?

Thanks for the message on Langston. I was trying to add a photo, but was unable to.

Photo
I am not sure how to post a picture. I wanted to post the following photo: http://www.law.howard.edu/alumni/legalgiants/jmlangston1849.jpg

Browning School
you know who Charles Henry Navarro de Silva is? no google hits on him or his parents and the article says he is born in 1986, plus the article is written by an unlogged user. To me it seemed very suspect. I have maybe done wrong reverting Browning School article, sorry for that --Melaen 20:46, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I need your help
Hello Μελ Ετητης. A request for arbitration has been filed against me at WP:RFAr by Snowspinner as the AMA advocate for jguk. What do you think I can do? — Instantnood 20:53, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks Μελ Ετητης. You're right. Wally responded to my previous AMA request for assistance. And naturally I seek her/his advice. :-D  — Instantnood 21:05, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

10,000th
Whoo. You're going from where you now to 10,000 in two or three weeks. You're a better man than I am Gunga Din, a lot better. Best wishes, and I hope you get there on time. ;-) hydnjo talk 21:15, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Unbelievable! I'm not criticizing at all. I wish that I had the dedication and talent to contribute well as you. Again, best wishes, and I'll be watching you. hydnjo talk 21:43, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * PS:Your front page is..is.. well, concise and on point. You have articulated the playing field here as well as could be (in MHO). I don't know when you became an Admin but I'm glad that you are one; your viewpoint is refreshing.
 * I particularly like: they should be treated more strictly when they fall well short. hydnjo talk 23:14, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Kurdistan Workers Party
I am quite capable of acknowleging my error. You are right on Kurdistan Workers Party article. The info may be included however I did reword the categories. One link does not belong there, I think.

Them being my complete shadow still bothers me. Their wikipeida experience is mostly, if not completely devoted in dealing with me. What will that produce aside from conflict? --Cool Cat My Talk 02:26, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * If one of the "them" is me. Since you get involved in any article relating directly or indirectly to Turkey, it is evident that my experience to Wikipedia in participating in an article, would be "in dealing" with you, because you attempt to push the Turkish government position everywhere. Fadix 17:47, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

El Salon Mexico
Dear Mel, Thanks for your note. It's just one of those freaky things that sometimes happen. Last week I got accused of vandalism (me!) because I managed to revert something wrongly without being aware of it. No apology necessary. Deb 07:45, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Image:Pasq3.jpg
Check this one: Image:Merops_apiaster_%28Marek_Szczepanek%29.jpg. I just uploaded it to Commons. Check also the current article European Bee-eater. --Pkuczynski 11:27, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * You are right! The Bee-eater was using the Image:Pasq3.jpg, so I repleaced it. Sorry for this mistake. However IMHO the quality of Image:Pasq3.jpg is very disputable. Its not the photo, either the drawing. And currently nothing links to this image, so it will be never found. Maybe it sould be moved to commons for archive purpouses? I dont know...

--Pkuczynski 11:42, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Browning School Changes
I know very little about the site, but I am trying to contribute information. Maybe it is easier if I just tell you what information to contribute, and you can make the necessary changes. For Browning School under notable alumni: Arthur Sulzberger Jr. should be added. He is the New York Times publisher. Charles Henry Navarro de Silva should be added, he was the nephew of Maximo V. Soliven. His family is prominent in Spain.

Thanks
Oh the first man was "The New York Times has been published for over 100 years, since Adolph Ochs purchased the newspaper in 1896. In 1992, his great-grandson, Arthur Sulzberger, Jr. (born 1951), became the fifth relative to act as its publisher and has since established himself as a strong yet personable manager and something of a pioneer at the old "Gray Lady."

Sulzberger was born to Arthur Ochs and Barbara Winslow Grant Sulzberger in Mount Kisco, New York, on September 22, 1951. His parents divorced in 1956, but Sulzberger and his sister, Karen, still spent time with their father, often at their grandparents' estate near Stamford, Connecticut. The 262-acre property included a private lake taking up five acres, an Olympic-size swimming pool, and an indoor tennis court. As an adolescent, Sulzberger decided to go to Manhattan to live with his father and stepmother, Carol Fox Fuhrman, in their Fifth Avenue apartment. There he enrolled in a college preparatory academy, the Browning School." This is quoted from http://www.bookrags.com/biography-arthur-sulzberger-jr/. Another website http://www.economicprincipals.com/issues/03.06.15.html talks about him as well.

The Second one Charles Henry Navarro de Silva is the heir to Solvec. He will be the first sole owner of the land since 150 years. The land under his guidance has produced wine, fruits and rice. The Japanese are large consumers of his rice. I do concede he is notable because of his family, but I think he deserves a mention under the notable alumni of Browning. Should I write an article on the Navarro family and Arthur Sulzberger (separately of course)?

Thanks66.30.113.132 14:15, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
should I also create an article on the Navarro family? 66.30.113.132 14:15, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Question66.30.113.132 14:52, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
Thanks for all your help, but I wanted to ask is the Article on Maximo V. Soliven on the Wikipedia main page? If not could you move it to the main page?66.30.113.132 14:52, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Sockpuppet letter
It appears that created  as a sockpuppet in order to give him some support at Votes for deletion/Uniform Parental Rights Enforcement and Protection Act. Rex created the article at 9.12 on April 1 here. DJ Clayworth Vfd'd it 6 minutes later At 11.14 Agwiii makes his 1st ever edit here with Rex coming back in here at 12.15. Here RexJudicata mentions and the elimination of Lenin's creation, the 'no fault' divorce.. Here Agwiii cretaes an article on this subject. They have very similar interests, and both supported the father's rights being POV'd into Abortion. Agwiii being a sockpuppet would also explain why he was so paranoid about having his contributions investigated, --SqueakBox 20:30, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)

This may be him here. Why do I think so? |lang_es&client=firefox-a Here is why. Explains the cyberstalking paranoia, --SqueakBox 21:01, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)

Having dealt with User:Cumbey, a middle aged Michigan lawyer, I am not surprised at all. I have put an Rfc Wikipedia:Requests for comment/User:RexJudicata but not worth doing any more unless he reappears or starts hassling me elsewhere, --SqueakBox 21:14, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)

Bear, AKA D7101
Mel, I've reverted your reversion on this article. Unlike most cases the person removing information isn't the vandal in this instance. has been inserting the same erroneous information into that and other Thomas the Tank Engine and Friends related articles for months now, 195.x.x.x anon was reverting to the correct version. See also WP:AN/I and WP:VIP's entry for 2 February. Thryduulf 23:17, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Agwiii images
I noticed you took care of Image:Smile 2.jpg and Image:Ron Branson.jpg. Could you also take a look at the other two images he uploaded, Image:Warren farrell.jpg and Image:Thomas Lessman.jpg? I'm not familiar with the IFD and PUI procedures, and would probably end up doing something wrong. Both images have the same kind of "authorized for use" disclaimer as Image:Ron Branson.jpg had. --cesarb 00:40, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I just came here to ask you to do the same thing, --SqueakBox 04:38, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

Speedy reversions
Preliminary, I want you to know I'm not jumping salty on you; I have no reason to think you acted in bad faith. But I have discovered that you speedied twice on Down the memory hole. The first time was after Netoholic moved the page to my user space; the third time was after I'd scribbled something on the page, trying to figure out what was happening.

(The second time, Curps did the speedy, and put a notice on my Talk page -- if I'd noticed his notice, I'd not have made another experiment.)

I'd like to ask why you speedied the automatic temporary redirect the first time. After all, that redirect is put there just so fools like me will not chase our own tails trying to figure out what went where. I've got about 100 more edits out there than I can keep track of in my head; I depend on history and edit summaries to tell me what's going on. When you speedied without notice, you deleted not only the redirect, but all history, too.

Next, not a question, but a note: Netoholic did the original move, plus tagged the redirect and the two following experiments for speedy. Please be aware that this user is under a injunction against reversions in Wikipedia namespace. The matter is of some concern to me, because this user is stalking me throughout the project, meddling with many pages I touch, often bare minutes after I do so.

I leave it to you to decide if invoking speedy 3 times against the same page is indeed reversion. If you agree, then I ask you to use your authority as suggested. Thank you. — Xiong 熊 talk 04:24, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)

Merging fragmented discussion to: User:Xiong/Metahole. You might want to remove this entire section from your Talk. — Xiong 熊 talk 04:43, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)

Mel, I appreciate your willingness to discuss this metaissue, but there are now several users involved in the discussion, bits and pieces of which got scattered over all participants' Talk pages. As you see, I've merged them all to User:Xiong/Metahole. I'd really appreciate it if you would read and reply on that page. Make sense? — Xiong 熊 talk 13:50, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)

Apology
Mel, I owe you an apology for my criticism of you regarding your comment to the Chamaeleon nomination page. (It's tempting to e-mail this but I feel I owe you a public one.) You ought to have the right to make comments as you see fit without being asked to retract them by others, and I'm sorry I did that. It was one of a number of areas in which that particular subject was making itself felt at that time, and I'd had enough of it, which is why I reacted. It was decent of you to write to the person and ask him what he meant, and I appreciate that you did that, but I apologize for having asked you to. I forgot about the importance of assuming good faith and sticking to Wikiquette (suppressing slight shudder on your behalf). I'm sorry. SlimVirgin (talk) 12:56, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

Deleting RFC

 * "The persons complaining must provide evidence of their efforts, and each of them must certify it by signing this page with ~ . If this does not happen within 48 hours of the creation of this dispute page (which was: 04:29, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)), the page will be deleted. The current date and time is: 13:33, 12 April 2005 (UTC)." (RFC template)
 * "Requests for comment which do not meet these minimum requirements after 48 hours from creation are considered "uncertified" and will be de-listed. The subject RFC page will also be deleted, unless the subject has explicitly requested it to be retained." (main RFC page)
 * Perhaps I misunderstood that, but this RFC in question was not certified by anyone at all. Plus the reactions to it are becoming, well, unpleasant. Anyway you likely know more about RFC policy than I do, so I'd like your feedback on how to get rid of this one. Maybe the RFC page and template should be reworded? Radiant_* 13:39, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Done. Radiant_* 13:49, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

Brian Anidjar
You changed my speedy to a redirect page.

The page was under speedy because Brian Anidjar is NOT Jay Stile

This was the reason for moving the content in first place.

--Easyas12c 15:39, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I understand. So I try to clarify.

 * I personally copied the name Brian Anidjar from Stile Project page.
 * It isn't anymore on that page. And, if you look at the edit history of the
 * page you find an email address from stileproject who says he can verify that
 * Brian Anidjar is not Jay Stile. (Ofcourse this may bne hoax too)
 * If this is true then Brian would be a troll or a victim of a troll.
 * If this is false then we should find proof that they are the same person.
 * But lets not claim so, if we don't have proof.

 * --Easyas12c 16:09, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry for the revert. I thought you were offline.
 * I just spotted that page too. Lets team Wikipedians up to solve this
 * somehow. I don't know how to do this. I hope you know better.

 * --Easyas12c 16:16, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Would it be appropriate to add Template:Disputed template on the redirect page?

 * --Easyas12c 19:01, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Request for assistance
May I ask you to don your sysop hat momentarily? I'm having difficulty with two intractable editors, Ungtss and VorpalBlade, at Teach_the_Controversy and Talk:Teach_the_Controversy. They are defending the article against any content they deem critical and hence we're deadlocked by POV obstructionism and multiple reverts of my editing. Often under the misbegotten guise of labeling it "criticism." My "criticism" consists of simply listing the published goals of the wedge strategy; to understand Teach the Controversy the reader must understand the wedge strategy. To understand the wedge strategy (as with any strategy) the reader must know its goals. It seems obvious to me they should be listed. They do not, likely because the goals expose the wedge strategy as a creationist machination, not the branch of science that it purports to be. Thanks.--FeloniousMonk 15:41, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I see VorpalBlade is now having a go at rewriting the wedge strategy article, BTW.--FeloniousMonk 15:44, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It's 4pm here, and the shenanigans from these two are continuing. My patience is running thin with this constant and repeated POV obstructionism. Unless there's some additional positive effect that your presence may bring there and knowing Ugntss' recent history and seeing that VolpalBlade is cut from an even coarser cloth, I'm doubtful that anything short of RFC or RFAR will get them to allow criticism to exist on the page without many multiple, rambling paragraphs of non sequitur quotes as "response to criticisms." --FeloniousMonk 23:16, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

{User} Template
Hi, just curious - why do you inline references, like this  POofYS (talk · contributions) , instead of using the User template, like this  ? Is it because the extra newline in the User template makes it unsuitable for use in text? I thought about taking out the newline, but worried it would break places where the template was already in use. Maybe I should make a copy of the User template, but without the newline, for use in text? Noel (talk) 16:59, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Is there any particular performance advantage to using it as a subst, as opposed to just the plain template? Noel (talk) 17:15, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Dammit Edition
Hi! I saw your contributions qith blink-182 musical videos, they are all great, but can you keep a similar format when editing them? The way you did with Josie, maybe some aspects of the video can be included (some of them that you erased) as the fact that the background poster is from a film, and that kind of stuff. Of course I'm not talking about fan-gush as "awsome riffs", considering that as a personal appreciation of the music.

Thanks for your time,

--Greedyredbag 17:59, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Hi!! You were the first to salute me!!
Hi Mel, I read your USER page, quite interesting, wow, you work in Oxford! that must be awsome, I like very much English literature, I'm from Argentina, I've got a question, when you edit an article it says "Quote your sources", what is that supposed to mean? I don't really know how to (for example) write a site as a source, I wrote "Taken with permission from [URL]", is that ok?

Thanks for your welcome,

--Greedyredbag 18:23, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

You are writing to Father's rights?
If you are not a father you know nothing of fathers's rights and can not speak to it.

Only fathers' who know of the system set up to deny access to there children should post here to help others in need.

Mel
The fathers rights page is all about "moms rights'"

There is no POV it should be informative for dad's not male bashing for militant moms. Thank you.

I would love to post but the moms shut me out. Lost my son to the system.

Fathers rights
Mel I am a father who lost his son to the system. Who is deleting my post? I am new to the wikipedia and would like to help other fathers who have lost their children. I gave full credit to the author is there still a copyright issue? As the fathers’ rights page is now stands it is from a moms’ POV. This page should be labeled Moms’ rights correct? I would like to pass on links and other help for emancipated dads’. How do I do that? Thank you for your help moberme

Fathers rights
Being a nebe how to I do this? Even the 2 links that I posted have been deleted. Do I have to first become a editor? Who decides what sticks to wikipedia and what does not?

How to Wikify my article on John Willison
Mel

Please can you give me some specific pointers on how to Wikify my article on John Willison, which you have suggested. I am fairly new and whilst, as you can see, I have mastered some aspects of Wikipedia tradition, the full extent of Wikification is still beyond me!--PeterR 21:27, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Brigade of the Guards
Sorry, my bad. Didn't read the whole thing...I'll use the 'Temp' stub create to try and re-do the Indian Army articles. Hammersfan 12/4/05 22.47

Grammer and Spelling in MSM-04 Acguy
I went through the entire article in WordPerfect's spellcheck and grammercheck programs. I fixed my poor spelling. Hopefully this will get that tag removed.

Ayn Rand
Here are some example of Ayn Rand’s growing and global influence:

Ayn Rand in philosophy departments:

There are currently fellowships for the study of Objectivism at the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Texas, and the business schools of universities such as the University of Southern California. A number of other schools are using Ayn Rand’s books in business departments. See

Peer-reviewed Academic Journals Featuring Ayn Rand: Journal of Ayn Rand Studies (since 1999)

Recent publications on Objectivism by PhD philosophers in major universities include:

Lisa Dolling (head of the honors program in theology at St. John's University in New York), Tibor Machan (Chapman University, Emeritus of Auburn University, The Hoover Institution), Douglas Den Uyl (Bellarmine College, Louisville, Kentucky), Douglas Rasmussen (St. John's University, New York), Eric Mack (Tulane University), Aeon Skoble (Bridgewater State College, Massachusetts), Tara Smith (University of Texas at Austin), Lester Hunt (University of Wisconsin, Madison), Randall Dipert (C.S. Peirce Professor of American Philosophy, SUNY Buffalo), Roderick Long (Auburn University), Slavoj Zizek (The European Graduate School), Michael Huemer (University of Colorado, Boulder), Jonathan Jacobs (Colgate University), Wayne Davis (Chair of the Philosophy Department, Georgetown University), Stephen Parrish (Concordia University, Ann Arbor, Michigan), Stephen R. C. Hicks (Rockford College, Illinois), Fred Seddon (adjunct professor at Duquesne University), J. G. Lennox (History and Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh), Allan Gotthelf (Professor Emeritus of The College of New Jersey; Gotthelf is Secretary of the Ayn Rand Society, an official 'group' of the Eastern Division of the American Philosophical Association), and Gary Hull (Business School, Duke University).

Ayn Rand is a now regular topic at mainstream philosophy conferences. See the Ayn Rand Society of the American Philosophical Association, Eastern Division.

Academic publications by Objectivist philosophy reviews by mainstream philosophers:

Viable Values by Tara Smith The Evidence of the Senses by David Kelley The Biological Basis of Teleological Concepts by Harry Binswanger. Objectivism the Philosophy of Ayn Rand by Leonard Peikoff Amazon.com has many more.

Ayn Rand in government:

Chairman Greenspan, arguably the most powerful man in the world was once a member of Ayn Rand’s inner circle.

The Bush administration has many fans of Ayn Rand. See: http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/news/opinion/11010097.htm?1c

Ayn Rand in popular culture:

Current publications with articles of Ayn Rand: The Monist, Catholic World, Germano-Slavica, College English, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Journal of Popular Culture, and the Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy.

Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Encyclopedia of Ethics, American Writers – now list Ayn Rand

Ayn Rand on the web:

There are dozens of popular communities dedicated to Objectivism. For example, www.objectivismonline.net or www.theatlasphere.com (mentioned in mainstream news sources)

Over 1200 Amazon reviews: http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0451191145/104-8455234-5623111?v=glance

"Atlas Shrugged" was cited as the "second most influential book for Americans today" after the Bible, according to a joint survey conducted by the Library of Congress and the Book of the Month Club. "

Ayn Rand in editorials:

See Google News: http://news.google.com/news?q=ayn+rand&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&scoring=d

There are 99 hits for Ayn Rand, but just 2 hits for Emmanuel Kant: http://news.google.com/news?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&scoring=d&q=Emmanuel+Kant&btnG=Search+News

Also see: USA Today Spread: http://www.usatoday.com/money/companies/management/2002-09-23-ayn-rand_x.htm http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2005/02/13/ayn_rands_campus_radicals?pg=full

Ayn Rand in foreign culture:

Ayn Rand is a major influence in Bollywood, the Indian Hollywood, as well as Indian popular culture. My Chinese acquaintances tell me that there is an underground Ayn Rand movement in China as well.

For Indian references, see: http://www.screenindia.com/fullstory.php?content_id=10174 http://www.theatlasphere.com/metablog/000058.php

Ayn Rand’s books have been translated into dozens of languages: http://www.aynrand.org/site/PageServer?pagename=objectivism_FAQ

Also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_work_on_Objectivism

User:143.239.7.2
Hi, I see you've discovered 143.239.7.3, the same person also posts from 143.239.7.1, I've been tidying up after him/her for about two weeks now, they keep adding copyvios generally messing up the format of articles. I definately think that their behaviour warrants blocking and would support your decision to do so--nixie 12:20, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

RfC threshold
I noticed you have become active on RfC, so I thought I would ask you this question. How does one determine the 'two user threshold', and once it is met, should the page be moved only by an admin, only by an uninvolved party, or by anyone? This applies specifically to the RfC against Requests for comment/Cumbey. Thanks Guettarda 15:18, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, thanks. I suppose I should have gone to someone who isn't on their second week on the job - it's just easier to go to people you "know" better.  Thanks - Guettarda 17:27, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Apology
I apologise for the unintentional vandalism I did, but my purpose is to solve out the Zanskar dispute civilly with Mounmine. Hopefully you will act as an active judge between the two of us, and see the talk page of Zanskar for later updates. Thanks.

Mr Tan, 23:43, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Tor House
I recently toured Tor House and Hawk Tower, so I added some bits to the entry. I wondered if I should add more information about the Tor House Foundation and some of the things they've done to keep the property from being bulldozed and turned into another luxury cottage.

Deletion - Bearded lady of Guildford
A quick heads-up - someone's posted a complaint (well, I guess I can call it that) to Help desk about your deletion of Bearded Lady of Guildford yesterday. Just thought you'd like to be aware... Shimgray 17:23, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Your message to 131.107.0.77
You left a message for User:131.107.0.77 on Mar 6. This is one of the proxy servers at the main Microsoft campus, handling thousands of us, so unless the individual author noticed the message, it's impossible to identify him/her. David Brooks 19:11, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * We have a whole rack of proxies balancing the load and I have no idea how many Wikipedians - after all we are also a competitor. And we have a lot of people who were educated in India. No way of finding alums of that particular college, unless I ask my daughter who happens to work in Recruiting... David Brooks 20:02, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

User:DropDeadGorgiasSucks
As flattered as I am to have attracted a fan, do you think that this guy's nick is covered under: Username? I would put a ban on the name myself, but I feel like that might be seen as a unilateral move for personal reasons, so I wanted to see what you thought about it, having reverted some of the nick's vandalism already. Thanks. --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 19:29, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks. As annoying as the vandal was, I guess it shows that I'm doing something right! --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 19:42, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
I just wanted to thank you for welcoming me to this site, I really appreciate it. Sorry I wasn't able to thank soon sooner, what with my homework and all. By the way, I am a fan of philosophy (I love to think!), so I look forward to reading your articles. I do hope I do well with helping out on this site.

Image:100 1060.JPG
Why did you remove the speedy delete template? This is an exact copy of Image:NewarkAirportMonorail.jpg; it appears the uploader realized the name was bad and changed it. --SPUI (talk) 22:27, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

From WP:IFD:
 * As per the speedy deletion policy, administrators can delete on sight "[a]n image which is a redundant (all bits the same or scaled-down) copy of something else on Wikipedia and as long as all inward links have been changed to the image being retained."

This image is clearly redundant. --SPUI (talk) 13:26, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Well, you're right...
Hi!, sorry for my nonsense correction, I just thought that if everywhere Top Twenty is spelled Top 20, it should be right, but I didn't paid atention to the "numbers under 100" rule, so, forgive me.

Keep it with the corrections...

--Greedyredbag 22:59, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Symes
you said: Symes (talk · contributions) is clearly the anon user who made the repeated edits in multiple 3RR violations. He is, frankly, not being honest about the nature of his edits, which ncluded as an introduction to the text: "Kerry admitted to having committed war crimes by saying:" Mel Etitis (Μελ Ετητης) 22:04, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I responded: You're insistence that I am the anon user at John Kerry is False and demeaning - I have asked User:Jamesday to verify this to you - I've been told that he can somehow - However, I respectfully request that you retract and apologize this accusation.
 * Granted I have been coached through IM by someone whom more experienced on wikipedia than I am for some of my problems last night - but I can not believe how quickly I was attacked. Is this what wikipedia does to someone who is fairly new - just attack when the point of view is different - I spent hours reading about all your "high ideals" which I now see are just wasted because there has been no wikilove. Symes 02:48, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Hi, Mel. I just want to let you know User:Trodel, a friend of User:Symes, asked me to look into the trouble here. I thought you ought to know my interest in the matter. As far as the article goes, I have little interest; and I voted for neither Kerry nor Bush this time. Tom Haws 15:00, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)

thanks
Thank you for taking the time to look into the facts regarding my message on the noticeboard. Prior to leaving that message, I had emailed at least 10 admins over the course of several days. Not one of them bothered to respond and take action as you did. Thank you. Rex071404 05:15, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

3 Week old wiki
I was just seeing my Talk Page and saw welcome message - really it is was so encouraging. I had posted my reply to your wishes on my Talk Page, which I should have put here. So, anyway, thanks for welcoming me on 24th March 2005. Now, as a 3 week old wiki, I find the place really wonderful and so I wander from place to place ... may be after some time, I will become more focussed. --Bhadani 09:45, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Zanskar
(No. I take back my statement.) Everybody in wikipedia should give the best of what he could to all articles. Frankly speaking, I admit that my English may have some mistakes, and some of his points are good, some ridiculous, but I'm following the format of wikipedia. I may also be a bit irrational, I admit, but I see that both Moumine and you are not changing.

 * Wikipedia is not a soapbox. See What Wikipedia is not, and it seems that his version of Zanskar seems to be a Personal essays, and it also seems that his Zanskar tend to lean towards Primary (original) research . See No original research

 * Thirdly, you are going against the law of Style and How-to Directory. If there is a mistake, users have the right to correct its Manual-of-style layout, and this is always for the better, and structure for Zanskar/etymology, How can you say that I should be blocked for this reason? Again, see Guide to layout, How to edit a page.

 * Last but not least, you stated that Only in extreme cases (usually when there's only a stub, and when an article hasn't been touched for some time) is an editor justified in wiping the slate clean and starting again. When an article is being actively edited, such an approach is unacceptable.  Do you realise, if you check its page history, that I have made a cleanup, I comparison to Nichalp's Sikkim (see history), and in one of which, you see the Sikkim/temp. Therefore I'm merely shifting my cleanup version from Zanskar/temp to Zanskar, and you may contact User:Nichalp for more information. My version stated its sources like Moumine, and I even gave in by putting his images up. You can see that my version and his version has many points of similarities:

 * By Moumine: version

 * By Mr Tan: version

Therefore, I conclude that you are violating the laws of wikipedia in accordance to the links stated above, and ignorance. If you put up his version, I feel that it is a version that would needs attention. I have my rights to put up my version, with all the proofs and judristications above.

Last, but not least, I hope you understand what I stated. If there is no objections, or any other comments about Zanskar, I assume that you have agreed and will revert to my most current version in three to four days' time.

Good day to you.

Mr Tan, 14:02, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Let me make my point clear:

 * No, do you know what it is to be /temp? It means that the page is being re-created in a temp, which will be shifted to the real article itself. Please see the examples of Tuva and its /temp Tuva/Temp. Get it?

Towards my defence statement: ''No, I dont agree. You have shown surprising rudeness to another editor (rudeness in criticising his English, surprising in that it's better than yours), you've accused him of pushing a point of view, though with no grounds apart from the fact that you disagree with him, and you've unilaterally blanked a Wikipedia page and replaced it with a poorly written, non-Wikipedia request for votes. As soon as the page was unprotected, you did exactly what I'd said that you shouldn't do — you replaced it with your own version. You are acting in an aggressive and arrogant way, which has to change. ''

 * It does seems that you a a native Greek speaker, rather than a native English speaker. Do you know the past tense, present tense and other tenses? If you dont know, I show you a mistake where Moumine is wrong: The Zanskar article stated that

'' Zanskar is also often found to be written Zangskar in sociological studies or Zaskar in geographers reports or maps of the Himalaya fifty or so years ago. An etymological study (Snellgrove and Skorupsky, 1980) of the name “Zangskar” reveals that its origin might refer to the natural occurrence of copper within this region, the Tibetan word for which is Zangs. The second syllable however seems to be more challenging as it has various meanings: Zangs-dkar (white copper), Zangs-mkhar (copper palace) or Zangs-sKar (copper star). Crook (1994) partly shares this interpretation but suggests that the origin of this name might also be Zan-mKhar (food palace), because the staple food crops are so abundant in an otherwise rather arid region. Some of the religious scholars of the district, also cited by Snellgrove and Skorupsky (1980) and Crook (1994), held that it was originally bZang-dKar, meaning good (or beautiful) and white. «Good» refers to the shape of the Padum plain which is triangular, the symbol of Dharma and religion, «white» refers to the simplicity, goodness and religious inclinations of the Zanskaris. Thus, even if etymologically it would be more correct to use Zangskar, the most frequently found spelling for this region is undoubtedly Zanskar.''

---There are unnecessary brackets in his sentence, which made his orientation poor,

---<<>> also destroys the article orientation,

--- there is no need to add the year on every sentence.

Secondly, the article should start off like this before the first section:

''==Geography==

Zanskar together with the better known region of Ladakh were once known as Little or Western Tibet. These two ancient Buddhist kingdoms now belong to the state of Jammu and Kashmir in northwestern India.''

In this point, do you realise that Moumine leave a blank space in the top?

In comparison to mine, do you realise that I started off with a proper introduction before stating the first section, unlike him. Please see my version:

Because of his poor composition orientation, as I have stated in Guide to layout, How to edit a page and gramatical and vocabulary errors, I have to redo everything. This shows that you are making the worse of wikipedia. Again, do you  you understand? I have stated to the maximmum about his format errors, and therefore, I stress again that I sould use my last version.

In my version, I have stated the references from him, images and information from his old verson, cutting off irrevlavant points. Why can't I cleanup the Zanskar article? Please re-elaborate more clearly on your points in regards to: ''The plain fact, though, is that the original article should be the basis of future editing. Mr Tan should, in a collaborative manner, edit what's there. Only in extreme cases (usually when there's only a stub, and when an article hasn't been touched for some time) is an editor justified in wiping the slate clean and starting again. When an article is being actively edited, such an approach is unacceptable.''

Mr Tan, 23:56, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Jose Restrepo
Hi - just a quick question, hope this is to the right person! I am doing research into the genus Restrepia and had been looking everywhere for a picture of Don Jose. This is the first one i have been able to find. Do you happen to know where the picture came from, or who I would need to contact if i wanted to use this or a similar picture in any articles/papers that i am writing. Please point me in the right direction if you are thwrong person to contact

Thanks

Helen

Vandalism; UCC
You recently blocked the IP of University College Cork for repeated vandalism, despite warnings. I can't really remember what the IP was - however, this IP range covers the entire University College, Cork. There are 12,000 students here (undergraduate and postgraduate, I think) and I'm not sure how many staff. When you block this IP, you're blocking every academic and student who wishes to edit a subject; I'm not sure how many people even know of Wikipedia's existence on campus, but I'm a student here myself, and it really irritates me when I can't edit an article or two just because of some vandals. There are 850 computers publicly available in UCC at any one time, and I'd just like to know if there's any solution to the vandalism other than an edit block to the entire college. Thanks, --blahrgh 13:50, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

help?
I'm on one of the UCC computers at the moment; most of the privileges have been removed and I'm not sure how to fetch the IP without it as I'm a bit handicapped without my administrator privileges.--blahrgh 14:00, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Sorry about that, I'm new to wikipedia and it's hard working on a browser-only pc. IP is 143.239.7.2, "The reason given is this: repeated vandalism, despite warnings"--blahrgh 14:13, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Image speedy
What are you talking about? I responded; scroll up to my original statement. --SPUI (talk) 15:09, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

de nada
Ok. we'll see where things go from here. I agree with you: it is always good strategy to leave some things for discussion. You know, ask for more, settle for less. Proabably what is now needed is someone to list the controversial issues on the talk page. If you don't have the time and energy for it (I am not sure I would), perhaps one of the two main combatants will, but I am not holding my breath. All the best. -- Viajero 15:21, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Clout
go to the talk: clout page. perhaps we can work out a way to let the page stay up this time.

title: User talk:Mel Etitis/Archive 6


text: Category:Trinidad and Tobago trade unionists

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Thrifty phenotype

Thrifty phenotype refers to the correlation between low birth weight of neonates and the increased risk of developing metabolic syndromes later in life, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Although early life undernutrition is thought to be the key driving factor to the hypothesis, other environmental factors have been explored for their role in susceptibility, such as physical inactivity. Genes may also play a role in susceptibility of these diseases, as they may make individuals predisposed to factors that lead to increased disease risk.

Historical overview
The term thrifty phenotype was first coined by Charles Nicholas Hales and David Barker in a study published in 1992. In their study, the authors reviewed the literature up to and addressed five central questions regarding role of different factors in type 2 diabetes on which they based their hypothesis. These questions included the following:

 * 1) The role of beta cell deficiency in type 2 diabetes.
 * 2) The extent to which beta cell deficiency contributes to insulin intolerance.
 * 3) The role of major nutritional elements in fetal growth.
 * 4) The role of abnormal amino acid supply in growth limited neonates.
 * 5) The role of malnutrition in irreversibly defective beta cell growth.

From the review of the existing literature, they posited that poor nutritional status in fetal and early neonatal stages could hamper the development and proper functioning of the pancreatic beta cells by impacting structural features of islet anatomy, which could consequently make the individual more susceptible to the development of type 2 diabetes in later life. However, they did not exclude other causal factors such as obesity, ageing and physical inactivity as determining factors of type 2 diabetes.

In a later study, Barker et al. analyzed living patient data from Hertfordshire, UK, and found that men in their sixties having low birthweight (2.95 kg or less) were 10 times more likely to develop syndrome X (type 2 diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia) than men of the same age whose birthweight was 4.31 kg or more. This statistical correlation was independent of the gestation period and other possible confounding factors such as current social class or social class at birth, smoking, and consumption of alcohol. Furthermore, they argued that they were likely to underestimate this association, since they could only sample the surviving patients, and patients having more severe manifestations of syndrome X were less likely to survive to that age.

In 1994, Phillips’ et al. found statistically significant association between thinness in birth (measured as Ponderal index) and insulin resistance, the association being independent of length of gestation period, adult body mass index, and confounding factors like then-current social class or social class at birth.

In 2001, Hales and Barker updated the hypothesis by positing that the thrifty phenotype may be an evolutionary adaptation: the thrifty phenotype responds to fetal malnutrition by selectively preserving more vital organs of the body and preparing the fetus for a postnatal environment where resources will be scarce.

Offspring
Maternal nutrition can affect the development of the unborn child in poor nutritional environments such that it will be prepared for survival within that poor environment. This results in a thrifty phenotype (Hales & Barker, 1992 ). It is sometimes called Barker's hypothesis, after Professor David J. P. Barker, researching at the University of Southampton who published the theory in 1990.

Metabolic
The thrifty phenotype hypothesis says that early-life metabolic adaptations help in survival of the organism by selecting an appropriate trajectory of growth in response to environmental cues. An example of this is type 2 diabetes. In their review, Barker and Hales discuss evidence that beta cells abnormally develop due to malnutrition during fetal development, causing insulin abnormalities later in life. The review also notes that low birth weight alone does not necessarily mean that it is a manifestation of thrifty phenotype. Since low birth weight is not exclusively caused by maternal malnutrition, meaning that other factors could influence the low birth weight–disease relationship.

Before the term thrifty phenotype was coined, Barker had noted the phenomenon with cardiovascular disease. In his lecture paper, he discusses the role of malnutrition during fetal development in obstructed lung disease (now known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]), ischemic heart disease, and blood pressure. In each of these diseases, there was an association with social class and development prevalence of the disease. This was determined to be due to issues of malnutrition during key points in organ development in utero.

Benefit for mother
However, environmental changes during early development may result in the selected trajectory becoming inappropriate, resulting in adverse effects on health. This paradox generates doubts about whether the thrifty phenotype is adaptive for human offspring. Thus, the thrifty phenotype should be considered as the capacity of all offspring to respond to environmental cues during early ontogenetic development. It has been suggested that the thrifty phenotype is the consequence of three unlike adaptive processes: maternal effects, niche construction and developmental plasticity, which all are influenced by the brain. While developmental plasticity demonstrates an adaptation by the offspring, niche construction and parental effects are result of parental selections rather than offspring fitness. Therefore, the thrifty phenotype can be described as a manipulation of offspring phenotype for the benefit of maternal fitness. The information that enters offspring phenotype during early development mirror the mother's own developmental experience and the quality of the environment during her own maturation rather than predicting the possible future environment of the offspring

Other consequences
Not all research into this topic has been conducted on diseases. Other research has explored the thrifty phenotype hypothesis as a causal factor for differing development into puberty and adulthood. A review on the literature, up to 2013, discussed not only the hierarchical tissue preservation within pancreatic cells, but research on limb shortening to preserve development of more vital organs and bones. An example of this phenomenon is a study published in 2018 by the Royal Society, which found that hypoxic stress from differing altitudes affected offspring limb length. Fetal overnutrition may also play a key role in development, increasing the likelihood of early puberty and obesity.

Adverse effects
Many human diseases in adulthood are related to growth patterns during early life, determining early-life nutrition as the underlying mechanism. Individuals with a thrifty phenotype will have "a smaller body size, a lowered metabolic rate and a reduced level of behavioral activity… adaptations to an environment that is chronically short of food" (Bateson & Martin, 1999 ). Those with a thrifty phenotype who actually develop in an affluent environment may be more prone to metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type II diabetes, whereas those who have received a positive maternal forecast will be adapted to good conditions and therefore better able to cope with rich diets. This idea (Barker, 1992 ) is now widely (if not universally) accepted and is a source of concern for societies undergoing a transition from sparse to better nutrition (Robinson, 2001 ).

Risk factors of thrifty phenotype include advanced maternal age and placental insufficiency.

Molecular mechanisms
The ability to conserve, acquire and expend energy is believed to be an innate, ancient trait that is embedded in the genome in a way that is quite protected against mutations. These changes are also believed to possibly be inherited across generations. Leptin has been identified as a possible gene for the acquisition of these thrifty traits.

On a larger anatomic scale, the molecular mechanisms are broadly caused by a suboptimal environment in the reproductive tract or maternal physiological adaptations to pregnancy.

title: Thrifty phenotype


text:
Kalaupapa, Hawaii

Kalaupapa is a small unincorporated community and Hawaiian home land on the island of Molokai, within Kalawao County in the U.S. state of Hawaii. In 1866, during the reign of Kamehameha V, the Hawaii legislature passed a law that resulted in the designation of Molokai as the site for a leper colony, where patients who were seriously affected by leprosy (also known as Hansen's disease) could be quarantined, to prevent them from infecting others. At the time, the disease was little understood: it was believed to be highly contagious and was incurable until the advent of antibiotics. The communities where people with leprosy lived were under the administration of the Board of Health, which appointed superintendents on the island.

Kalaupapa is located on the Kalaupapa Peninsula at the base of sea cliffs that rise 610 m above the Pacific Ocean. In the 1870s a community to support the leper colony was established here. The legislature required people with severe cases to be quarantined on the island in the hope of preventing contagion. The area has been preserved as the Kalaupapa National Historical Park, which takes in the entire county.

Despite the declining population, the post office is still active, having a zip code of 96742.

Leprosy settlement
The village is the site of a former settlement for people with leprosy. At its peak, about 1,200 men, women, and children were exiled to Kalaupapa Peninsula. The isolation law was enacted by King Kamehameha V and remained in effect until its repeal in 1969. Today, about four people who formerly had leprosy continue to live there. The colony is now included within Kalaupapa National Historical Park.

The original leper colony was first established in Kalawao in the east, opposite to the village corner of the peninsula. It was there where Father Damien settled in 1873. Later it was moved to the location of the current village, which was originally a Native Hawaiian fishing village. The settlement was also attended by Mother Marianne Cope and physician Arthur Albert St. Mouritz, among others. In 1893–1894, the Board of Health tried to remove the last fishing village inhabitants in order to expand the colony to encompass the entire Kalaupapa peninsula, including Kalawao.

Shortly before the end of mandatory isolation in 1969, the state legislature considered closing the facility entirely. Intervention by interested persons, such as entertainer Don Ho and TV newsman Don Picken, resulted in allowing the residents who chose to do so to remain there for life. The opponents to closure pointed out that, although there were no active cases of leprosy in the colony, many of the residents were physically scarred by the disease to an extent that would make their integration into mainstream society difficult if not impossible.

In total over the decades, more than 8,500 men, women and children living throughout the Hawaiian islands and diagnosed with leprosy were exiled to the colony by the Hawaiian government and legally declared dead.

Geography
The Kalaupapa Peninsula remains one of the most remote locations in Hawaii due to unique volcanic and geologic activity over millions of years. Specifically, Molokai’s famous sea cliffs, which reach up to three thousand feet above sea level and are among the tallest in the world, are most responsible for restricting access. Geologists thought that these cliffs were carved by wind and water erosion, but it is now believed that they formed after a third of the northern portion of the island collapsed into the sea. The offshore islands—'Ōkala, Mōkapu, and Huelo—support this theory, housing original plant species found on Molokai over two thousand years ago such as the rare native loulu palm. Mōkapu also hosts a remnant population of Emoia impar, the dark-bellied copper-striped skink, which was introduced to Hawaii more recently.

Around 230,000–300,000 years ago, an offshore shield volcano named Pu’u’uao erupted from the sea floor. The extremely hot and fast flowing pāhoehoe lava created a flat triangle of land which eventually cooled and connected to the main part of the island.

Among residents' most pressing challenges to survival were the scarcity and preservation of freshwater. An interest in the Kalaupapa coastal aquifer was captured by conflicting early accounts of visitors Jules Remy (1893) and Nakuino (1878) who described Kauhako Crater lake, a central geomorphic feature of the Kalaupapa peninsula as containing salt or freshwater, respectively. Kauhako lake, a freshwater resource during certain times in Kalaupapa’s history, has largest depth-to-area ratio for any lake on earth. The lake has a weak tidal connection to the ocean and the Kalaupapa peninsula is underlain by only a thin freshwater lens.

Access to the Peninsula
Until the construction of the Kalaupapa Airport in 1935, the only way into the peninsula was by boat or descending down the Kalaupapa Pali trail. Nowadays, accessing the peninsula via boat requires a special use permit. It is prohibited to come within 400 m of the Kalaupapa shoreline.

The Kalaupapa Trail
The 3.5 mi Kalaupapa Pali Trail is the only land access into Kalaupapa. The trail consists of 26 switchbacks with a 2000 ft elevation change over the course of the trail. The National Park Service describes the hike as extremely strenuous due to the steep, uneven surfaces and varied trail conditions. Many visitors also ride Molokai mules down the trail into Kalaupapa.

Trail collapse
On the evening of December 25, 2018, a postal service worker discovered significant damage to the trail from an enormous landslide. According to the Star Advertiser, the landslide took out a bridge on one of the switchbacks, and the trail is indefinitely closed. There has been no report of a damage assessment, likely because the government was shut down at the time. Kenneth Seamon, the Kalaupapa administrator of the State Department of Health, said that supply deliveries shouldn't be affected since they go by barge and plane. The barge arrives once a year in the summer, and Kamaka Air stops weekly.

The Kishin Shinoyama photoshoot
In 1972, Japanese photographer Kishin Shinoyama photographed fashion-model Marie Helvin and some of her family more or less naked on the beach of Kalaupapa. These photos were edited in the book 'Marie's seven days in Molokai'. In her 2007 biography Helvin explained that, according to Japanese custom, these photos were meant to be innocent and artistic.

Kalaupapa National Historical Park
The Kalaupapa National Historical park was established December 22, 1980. The park only allows 100 visitors a day, and each visitor must have a sponsor, either a resident or through one of the tour companies. The National Park Service outlines several key pieces of information to know before planning a visit:
 * Persons under 16 years of age are not permitted to visit Kalaupapa.
 * There are no medical facilities at Kalaupapa. Any emergency medical response can take hours and may require a helicopter flight to Oahu or Maui.
 * There are no dining or shopping facilities available in Kalaupapa. All food and sundries must be brought in and all trash taken out.
 * Photography of patient-residents and their property is strictly prohibited without their express written permission.
 * The 3.5 mi trail to the park is extremely steep and challenging with uneven surfaces. Rock and mudslides on the trail are common. Hiking the trail is physically demanding, so one should give careful consideration to one's physical fitness level before beginning the hike.
 * Overnight accommodations are available only to guests of residents.

title: Kalaupapa, Hawaii


text:
Charter School of Wilmington

The Charter (Sigma) School of Wilmington (CSW) is a college preparatory charter high school in Wilmington, Delaware. It is Delaware's first independently operated public school whose curriculum emphasizes math and science. It shares the former Wilmington High School building with Cab Calloway School of the Arts.

History
The Charter School of Wilmington was chartered by the Red Clay Consolidated School District to replace the Academy of Mathematics and Science magnet school and opened in 1996. Today, the school is operated by a consortium of six companies: AstraZeneca, Verizon, Delmarva Power, DuPont, Hercules Incorporated, and Christiana Care Health System. It is a member of the National Consortium of Secondary STEM Schools, a group of around 100 high schools, as well as affiliates such as colleges and universities, summer programs, foundations, and corporations.

Academics
In 2021,U.S. News & World Report ranked it #74 of nearly 18,000 high schools considered and Newsweek ranked it #94 of STEM schools nationwide. In 2013, CSW was given a Recognition School award from the Delaware Department of Education for exceptional performance and in 2013 and 2019, the US Department of Education named them a National Blue Ribbon School. In June 2014, CSW's Jefferson Awards Council was given the Outstanding Service for Jefferson Council Volunteer award.

Students also have the option of taking classes such as visual arts, drama, and music at Cab Calloway School of the Arts, who they share a building with. They also have the opportunity to dual enroll at the University of Delaware. During their junior year, students must complete a research project for the science fair. Sophomores take Introduction to Scientific Research to prepare for this annual event. These research projects were assigned to Sophomores prior to the 2023-2024 school year.

Demographics
In 2020 White students make large proportions of the student body and about 30% of the students were Asian American. Fewer than 8% of the student bodies combined from this school and Cab Calloway School of the Arts reside in the City of Wilmington, and fewer than 3% are Wilmington residents who are black and/or Hispanic/Latino or multiracial. Barrish and Eichmann wrote that an Asian American suburban student living in an "affluent" area "is a fairly typical Charter of Wilmington student."

Extra-curriculars
Students have the option of joining concert band and marching band, of which are associated with Cab Calloway School of the Arts.

The Force File
The school's newspaper, The Force File, is a digital-first newspaper owned and operated by CSW students.

Media appearances
The Charter School of Wilmington's founder, Ronald Russo, has been featured on TruTV's The Principal's Office.

Notable alumni

 * Andrew Gemmell, swimmer in the 2012 Summer Olympics
 * Kieran Tuntivate, 2019 Southeast Asian Games record-holding distance runner who qualified for the 2020 Summer Olympics, rescheduled for 2021
 * Madinah Wilson-Anton, politician in the Delaware House of Representatives

Notable faculty and staff

 * Chris Eddy (Athletic Director, 2009—present), former MLB pitcher

title: Charter School of Wilmington


text:
Battle of Holowczyn

The Battle of Holowczyn (also spelled  Holofzin or Golovchin) was fought in July 1708 between the Russian army, and the Swedish army, led by Charles XII of Sweden, only 26 years of age at the time. Despite difficult natural obstacles and superior enemy artillery, the Swedes were able to achieve surprise and defeat the numerically superior Russian forces, who were separated from each other, had no overall command and could not coordinate their actions, disallowing them an engagement in full force. Reportedly, it was Charles' favourite victory.

Prelude
After dealing with Saxony-Poland, Charles was ready to take on his remaining enemy in the Great Northern War: Russia. The best route into the Russian heartland was along the continental divide from Grodno to Minsk and Smolensk. From there, Moscow could be reached without having to cross any major rivers. Charles chose instead a straighter – but more difficult – route, over the Berezina and Drut rivers. The army was moved from its winter camp near Radoszkowice in June 1708; the movement was plagued by poor road conditions and weather.

The unexpected choice of route made the Russians unsure of the Swedish intentions. In addition, with Peter I of Russia away the Field Marshal Boris Sheremetev had to contend with the rivalry of Alexander Menshikov. After a council of war, it was decided to draw the Russian defence line by the Dnieper River. In June and July the army was moved piecemeal towards Vabich, a marshy tributary of the Drut river. The Russian forces at Holowczyn had an order to defend their position as long as possible and then retreat, avoiding a general battle.

The main force of the Russian army was deployed around the village of Vasilki, east and across the Vabich from Holowczyn. The bridges across Vabich were fortified and defended with artillery. To the south, General Anikita Repnin deployed his force and fortified his position three kilometers to the southeast, but many fortifications were not completed due to a lack of engineers. To the south, General Anikita Repnin, for whom it was the first battle in which he commanded his troops all by himself, deployed his force and hastily fortified his position three kilometers to the southeast. Most of his fortifications were only partially completed, whereas his forces were stretched and vulnerable for a concentrated attack, forming a long and thin line. Between the two fortified camps lay marshy territory that could not be fortified. The Russian commanders did not use cavalry units for reconnaissance, had limited knowledge of the enemy's movements and little contact with each other. Knowing the weakness of their defence, lacking overall command unity and a clear idea of the enemy's location, they lost confidence in themselves shortly before the battle.

The Swedes had observed the Russian deployment along the Vabich. Starting on 30 June, Swedish regiments started bivouacking on the heights west of Holowczyn. Charles and his followers noticed the gap in the fortifications, and decided on a plan of attack. Crossing the marshy area between the two Russian camps would not only be an unsuspected move, but would also serve to divide the enemy force in two. To ensure success, the attack was to be carried out in the darkness of night.

The battle
At midnight on 4 July the Swedes started moving quietly towards the river. Infantry carried fascines to help them traverse the waterlogged ground before crossing the Vabich on leather pontoon bridges. However, heavy rainfall made the pontoons too heavy to carry; they were left behind. At 02:30 the Russian alarm was raised as Swedish artillery started bombarding the opposite river bank. Swedish success would depend on how many troops could cross the river without the aid of pontoons before the enemy forces could arrive. Charles as so often led the charge personally, by wading across the water in front of his men. After forming with difficulty on the boggy far bank, the Swedes began to advance through the marsh. Meanwhile, fascines were laid on the river banks to assist the cavalry's crossing. Both the engineers and the Swedish vanguard began to be targeted by Repnin's artillery. General Repnin soon saw the danger of a Swedish wedge forming between the two Russian positions, and ordered his men to decamp and head north toward Sheremetev. Five Swedish battalions fought hard to prevent the Russian regiments from merging. Sheremetev, hearing the sound of battle, dispatched reinforcements towards Repnin's position, but by that time enough Swedish forces had arrived to prevent these reinforcements from joining Repnin. The latter was forced to retire his forces eastwards and southwards. Swedish cavalry by now had followed the infantry across the river, and scattered their Russian counterparts towards the south. At this point, Sheremetev's forces were still waiting across the river from Holowczyn. They had been on full alert for hours, in the belief that the attack on Repnin was a feint and expecting the main Swedish attack to come from Holowczyn. Finally, Sheremetev took the initiative to attack the almost undefended Swedish camp to the west. However, when news of the Repnin's setback reached Sheremetev, he decided not to wait for a Swedish attack on his rear, but instead began retreating towards Shklov by the Dnieper.

Aftermath
The victory provided the Swedes with a defensive line along the Dnieper and the area around Mogilev could be used as a base of operations in their campaign against Russia. However, since so many of the Russian troops were able to escape it was not a decisive strategic victory. On the Russian side, Generals Anikita Repnin and Heinrich von der Goltz were put on trial for the lack of coordination between the troops and other mistakes made by the Russian command at Holowczyn, but were released afterwards.

According to official Swedish and Russian reports, the Swedes lost 1,293 men killed and wounded against 1,655 for the Russians. Alexander Gordon, a Russian officer of Scottish descent, however, puts the Russian losses at 2,000 killed, including one otherwise unknown major general and 26 officers more, with an unknown amount of wounded. According to Swedish sources, after having seized the battlefield, the Russians had lost up to 5,000 or 6,000 men in the battle and pursuit, while Russian sources in turn estimated a total loss of 2,000 Swedes.

title: Battle of Holowczyn


text:
Gene Nichol

Gene Ray Nichol, Jr. (born May 11, 1951) is an educator who served as the twenty-sixth president of the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States. He succeeded Timothy J. Sullivan and officially served from July 1, 2005, to February 12, 2008. It was the shortest tenure for a William & Mary president since the Civil War. During each year of his presidency, however, the college continued to break its own application records.

Nichol spent his prep years at Bishop Lynch High School in Dallas, Texas (Class of 1969). He then attended Oklahoma State University (Class of 1973), where he received a philosophy degree and participated on the varsity football team. He received his Juris Doctor from the University of Texas (Class of 1976), graduating Order of the Coif. He then became the dean of the University of Colorado School of Law from 1988 to 1995, as well as dean of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Law from 1999 to 2005.

He previously worked at William & Mary as Cutler Professor of Constitutional Law and director of the Institute of Bill of Rights Law from 1985 to 1988. His other positions have included teaching law in the undergraduate and law schools of the University of Colorado, the University of Florida, the University of Exeter, the University of Oxford, and West Virginia University.

Nichol made a bid for the United States Senate representing the state of Colorado in 1996 with the Democratic Party, but was defeated in the primary. He also made a bid for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1998 and was defeated in a 4-way primary by Mark Udall.

Athletic logo and the NCAA
As president of The College of William & Mary, Nichol was forced by the NCAA to drop the college's feathers from its logo after a lengthy appeals process. The college was allowed to retain the team name of "Tribe." While several schools, including the University of North Dakota and the University of Illinois have been forced to abandon their mascots, others, such as the University of Utah and Florida State University, who have standing relationships and friendly histories with the tribes represented by their mascots, were allowed to keep their Native American-based logos. The college administration disputed the NCAA decision, but ultimately agreed to the restrictions.

Gateway William & Mary program
One of the first initiatives Gene Nichol undertook as president was the "Gateway William & Mary" program. "Designed for women and men whose academic promise exceeds their economic means, the [financial-aid] program . . . provide[s] a combination of institutional, state and federal grants for low- and middle-income students who have the desire to attend a world-class university without incurring debt."

Wren Cross controversy
Nichol's October 2006 decision to change a long-standing university policy by removing a cross from permanent display on the altar of the Chapel in the Wren Building ended his first year as president in controversy. He explained that a cross in the chapel of a public university made some students of other religious traditions feel unwelcome in a place considered by the community to be an important part of campus.

Under the new policy, the cross would be displayed only in the chapel during Christian religious services, or upon request, in an effort to make the space more welcoming to groups of mixed faith. After complaints were made, Nichol amended the policy so that the cross would be displayed on Sundays, and other Christian days of observance.

Nichol became the target of criticism from a number of alumni, students, and benefactors for changing this policy. Nichol stated that he had received "several complaints," from students and parents because the college frequently holds student organization meetings in the chapel.

Due to this decision, alumnus James McGlothlin revoked $12 million he had planned on giving to the college's capital campaign.

Stories had surfaced that Nichol knew of the revoked donation before he announced that the Fund for William and Mary met its $500 million fundraising goal. McGlothlin's rescinding of the pledge pushed the fundraising back under $500 million, and he had revealed to former President Timothy J. Sullivan in an e-mail that he would take back the pledge. In response, Sullivan wrote:

Nichol denied knowing about the revoked pledge before the announcement that the fundraising goal had been reached. The college initially refused to release the e-mail between Nichol and Sullivan, but capitulated to several FOIA requests. The e-mail read:

After months of controversy, which saw conservative commentators and national conservative political figures speak against the decision, Nichol established a presidential committee to explore the issue. Comprising students, faculty, staff, and alumni, the committee was charged with examining the "role of religion in a public university" in general, and at William & Mary in particular. The committee focused its efforts toward resolving the Wren Cross controversy.

On March 6, 2007, William & Mary announced that the committee had recommended that the cross be returned to Wren Chapel as an artifact displayed in a glass case, with a plaque explaining the college's Anglican heritage and historical connection to Bruton Parish Church. Nichol and the Board of Visitors agreed to the recommendation in a press conference. In addition, the chapel sacristy would continue to be available to store religious symbols of any faith, which may be brought into the chapel as appropriate.

Sex Workers' Art Show controversy
Additional controversy followed Nichol after allowing the Sex Workers' Art Show to proceed to campus on February 4, 2008. The tour visited college campuses and other venues across the country. While personally expressing his displeasure with the content of the student-funded show, Nichol felt censoring the performance would be inappropriate. He issued a statement saying, "The First Amendment and the defining traditions of openness that sustain universities are hallmarks of academic inquiry and freedom. It is the speech we disdain that often puts these principles to the test. The College of William & Mary will not knowingly and intentionally violate the constitutional rights of its students. Censorship has no place at a great university." Nichol's allowance of the Sex Workers' Art Show to perform on the campus garnered mixed reactions among both the general public and the college student body.

Public reaction
Local and state levels of government officials, though not directly affected by the decision, spoke against it. Delegate Brenda L. Pogge (R – Yorktown) feared that the college, as a state symbol, may have "tarnished its legacy." Pogge mailed Nichol a letter that asked him to stop the show. She also requested a city police presence to determine if a state obscenity statute was broken.

Statewide, the Virginia House of Delegates (specifically the Privileges and Elections Committee) effectively "threatened" the Board of Visitors' appointees if they refused to fire Nichol over the surrounding controversies during his tenure, culminating with the Sex Workers' Art Show. Nichol's permission to allow a cabaret-style burlesque show on campus also offended many of the college's more conservative alumni, which resulted in some loss of endowment.

Student body reaction
The students at the College of William & Mary showed little opposition to the show. The Art Show's first appearance on campus in 2005 received little media attention, but the second visit in 2006 generated more interest from the students for the following year. Students who opposed the show's content often accepted its arrival on campus due to their support for freedom of speech. The tour performed two shows at William & Mary in 2008, both of which sold out quickly.

Resignation
After the Board of Visitors decided not to renew his three-year contract, which was already set to expire on June 30, 2008, Nichol resigned on February 12. Several weeks after his resignation he returned to teach at the University of North Carolina School of Law. Matt Marvin, a UNC Law School spokesperson, said that all of the controversy surrounding Nichol did not alarm them and that they welcomed him back to the university.

In his resignation letter, Nichol claimed that the Board of Visitors had offered him money to stay silent on the reason he was fired, freedom of speech. He also claimed members of the Board of Visitors had been threatened by legislators if they did not order his resignation, and that the Virginia government was unhappy with his efforts to diversify the student body and faculty. Nichol claimed that he was offered "substantial economic incentives" to not mention this as well. The Board of Visitors denied these claims. W. Taylor Reveley, III, then dean of the law school, was named as the interim president of the college after Nichol's resignation. On September 5, 2008, Reveley officially succeeded Nichol as president when he was hired for a full three-year term.

title: Gene Nichol


text:
Boyd Conservation Area

Boyd Conservation Area is a suburban land preserve owned and operated by the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority in the city of Vaughan, Regional Municipality of York, Ontario, Canada. It also overlaps a life science Area of Natural and Scientific Interest of the same name.

It is a moderate-size park that offers facilities for numerous outdoor activities. The park is situated in the Humber River valley. Public operations run between late April and early October, and are funded in part by nominal fees to access the park. Optionally, individuals or families may acquire a membership, which provides access to a number of parks operated by the Conservation Authority. A little known fact concerning the park is that, upon its creation, it was given the unofficial motto "Natura exorno omnis nos postulo".

In September and October, the park is used as the venue for cross country running events, the most prominent being the OFSAA (Ontario Federation of School Athletic Associations) meet which brings together the best runners in the province, a yearly event it hosted from 1960 to 1965, 1968 to 1972, 1981, 1989, and 2009.

In the summer, it is a popular destination for local residents to enjoy a picnic; businesses may also reserve one of 19 well-groomed sites in the park for corporate picnics, including a few which have sheltered areas. Bocce courts, volleyball and basketball courts, soccer fields, and children's playgrounds are found within the park for the benefit of families and youth groups.

Bird watching and nature hiking are very popular. Outdoor musical concerts are also frequent in Boyd Conservation Area throughout the summer, partly due to the sheltered outdoor sites.

The Boyd staff uniform consists of powder blue shirts bearing the TRCA crest, dark blue work pants, steel-toed boots and TRCA caps or cowboy hats. The Boyd Staff have consistently received very positive reviews on their service from patrons to the park.

Boyd Park is affiliated with the Kortright Centre and all full-time Boyd staff take up work at Kortright over the winter season. Due to limited funding, Boyd only retains a few full-time staff. The rest of their staff is made up of summer students and those who wish to complete community service outdoors, aiding in keeping the grounds clean.

title: Boyd Conservation Area


text:
List of cities in Western Sahara

The following are cities in Western Sahara, listed by population. Due to an ongoing conflict over the territory, the majority is controlled by Morocco, and the eastern and southern portions are controlled by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). Only those cities under Moroccan administration are subject to the government census; SADR-controlled cities are listed at the end. Morocco claims the entire territory, as does the SADR. The list includes cities, towns, villages, oases and other settlements.

title: List of cities in Western Sahara


text: Talk:McDaniel College

title: Talk:McDaniel College


text:
Puzzling World

Puzzling World is a tourist attraction near Wānaka, New Zealand. It began as a single storey maze in 1973, gradually expanding to become an award-winning complex of optical illusions and puzzling rooms and the world's first 3-D maze. Puzzling World is well known for its Leaning Tower of Wanaka and eccentric lavatory styled as a Roman bathroom. Puzzling World had received in excess of 4 million visitors and was attracting around 200,000 people a year.

History
Puzzling World, originally a single level wooden maze at Wānaka in the Queenstown area of New Zealand, opened in 1973. It was the brainchild of Stuart and Jan Landsborough who had been forced to sell their house to raise money for the venture after being refused a bank loan. In the first year the park received 17,600 visitors. A puzzle centre was added in 1979 and a second level added to the maze 3 years later. The park continued to develop with the signature Leaning Tower of Wanaka being added in 1999 with a backwards running clock face. Landsborough credits his father with instilling in him an imaginative business sense and believes that part of the reason for the park's earlier success is because he advertised to attract adults rather than children.

In 2010 the park began a $2.5 million extension that included sculptures designed by local artists, such as Wētā Workshop, props and effects designers for the Lord of the Rings trilogy.

Since 2004 Puzzling World has been run by Stuart's daughter, Heidi, and her husband, operations manager Duncan Spear. As of 2020 the site receives in the region of 200,000 visitors per annum.

In 2016 Puzzling World was the overall winner of the Ignite Wanaka Business Awards and was described as "high-performing, unique and sustainable...with very low staff turnover." The SculptIllusion Gallery was recipient of a national award in the New Zealand Commercial Building Awards 2014.

During the Wanaka earthquake of 2015 people had to be evacuated while some visitors reported they thought it was part of the experience.

Puzzling World is the official sponsor of Junior Challenge Wanaka, a junior triathlon and part of New Zealand's largest triathlon festival.

The SculptIllusion Gallery
The Sculptillusion gallery is a large illusion room which opened in December 2012. It contains impossible objects, perspective paintings and reversible figures. The sculptures include a tap seemingly suspended in mid air and a floating bench, as well as architectural features such as a stone carpet and living wall, created by New Zealand sculptors and designers. The building also contains several Jerry Andrus illusions including Crazy Nuts (an impossible nuts and bolts interactive illusion) and The Magic Square logic puzzle. There is also an area devoted to exhibitions, the first dedicated to advertisements and familiar products which plays with how the viewer sees recognisable company logos. and more recently, "Un-usless" - A large display of impossible or useless inventions and creations by local sculptors and international artists aimed to amuse, confuse and amaze. Other features include stained glass windows with geometrical patterns and an area for conferences and events.

The Leaning Tower of Wanaka
The Leaning Tower of Wanaka is, as the name implies, a tower that is seemingly impossibly balanced on one corner, making the whole structure lean at an angle of 53 degrees to the ground.

Optical illusion rooms
The Illusion Rooms include a set of rooms designed to absorb the visitor within its particular optical illusory theme. Aside from "The Sculpillusion Gallery" it contains The "Hologram Hall", a large range of holographic images, both traditional and new. The "Tilted House", built at a 15-degree angle, contains illusions such as water apparently flowing uphill, the octagonal "Hall of Following Faces" with back-lit hollow mask illusions on the walls, created by artist and sculptor Derek Ball, and an Ames Room, a perspectively confusing room with a delayed video feed where visitors can see themselves afterwards with seemingly different heights depending on where they were positioned.

3D maze
Puzzling World features a large maze in which the traveller must reach four coloured corner towers before finding the middle courtyard (emergency doors are included for those who struggle).

Psychic challenge
The operators of Puzzling World have for many years offered a monetary prize for anybody who can prove they have psychic powers; potential winners need to use their powers to locate a specific item located somewhere on the Puzzling World site. When the challenge began the prize was originally $50,000 NZD, for which any participant was required to find two halves of a promissory note which had been hidden within 5 km of the building. This was then reduced to a radius of 200 m, and finally in 2006, when the prize was doubled to $100,000 NZD, 100 m. Any 'psychic' participant is required to pay $1000 to take part (apparently to ensure no time wasters). For this they may sit in a room for 30 minutes with Stuart Landsborough seated behind a screen and ask questions while he visualises responses. The participant then has an hour to find the notes. To date the prize has not been claimed, although seven "professional" psychics have attempted the challenge, including a diviner and a man who prayed to locate them but failed to come back with an answer. In July 2022, the challenge officially ended.

title: Puzzling World