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Sempach

Sempach is a municipality in the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

History
It has retained some traces of its medieval appearance, especially the main gateway, beneath a watch tower, and reached by a bridge over the old moat. About half an hour distant to the north-east, on the hillside, is the site of the famous Battle of Sempach (9 July 1386), in which the Swiss defeated the Austrians, whose leader, Duke Leopold, lost his life. The legendary deed of Arnold of Winkelried is associated with this victory. The spot is now marked by an ancient and picturesque Battle Chapel (restored in 1886) and by a modern monument to Winkelried.

A few years later, in 1393, the so-called Sempacherbrief was signed between the Acht Orte (the original eight Swiss cantons), plus the associated Canton of Solothurn. It was the first document signed by all eight (plus Solothurn), but it also defined that none of them was to unilaterally start a war without the consent of all the others.

Some miles north of Sempach is the quaint village of Beromünster (973 inhabitants in 1900), with a collegiate church founded in the l0th century and dating, in parts, from the 11th and 12th centuries (fine 17th-century choir stalls and altar frontals), the chapter of secular canons now consisting of invalided priests of the canton of Lucerne: it was in Beromünster that the first dated book was printed (1470) in Switzerland, by care of the canons, while thence came Gering who introduced printing into France.

Sempach is the site of the Sempach Bird Observatory.

Geography
Sempach has an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of. Of this area, about 63.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 14.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 20.7% is settled (buildings or roads) and 1.3% is unproductive land. Over the past two decades (1979/85-2004/09) the amount of land that is settled has increased by 61 ha and the agricultural land has decreased by 67 ha.

, 14.53% of the total land area was forested. Of the agricultural land, 63.8% is used for farming or pastures, while 4.92% is used for orchards or vine crops. Of the settled areas, 6.37% is covered with buildings, 0.89% is industrial, 0.22% is classed as special developments, 1.23% is parks or greenbelts and 7.6% is transportation infrastructure. Of the unproductive areas, 0.34% is unproductive standing water (ponds or lakes), and 0.11% is other unproductive land.

It is built above the eastern shore of Lake Sempach, and about 2 mi by road north of the Sempach railway station (9 mi N.W. of Lucerne) on the main line between Lucerne and Olten.

Steinibühlweiher is located above the town.

Demographics
Sempach has a population of. , 7.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 4 years (2010–2014) the population has changed at a rate of 3.52%. The birth rate in the municipality, in 2014, was 12.3, while the death rate was 5.0 per thousand residents.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 24.6% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 61.0% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 14.4%. In 2015 there were 1,896 single residents, 1,904 people who were married or in a civil partnership, 149 widows or widowers and 210 divorced residents.

In 2014 there were 1,598 private households in Sempach with an average household size of 2.58persons. Of the 635 inhabited buildings in the municipality, in 2000, about 58.0% were single family homes and 18.3% were multiple family buildings. Additionally, about 14.0% of the buildings were built before 1919, while 21.4% were built between 1991 and 2000. In 2013 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 5.78. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.64%. there were 615 inhabited buildings in the municipality, of which 474 were built only as housing, and 141 were mixed use buildings. There were 358 single family homes, 44 double family homes, and 72 multi-family homes in the municipality. Most homes were either two (248) or three (163) story structures. There were only 16 single story buildings and 47 four or more story buildings.

Most of the population speaks German (93.8%), with Albanian being second most common (2.2%) and Spanish being third (0.7%).

Historic population
The historical population is given in the following chart:

Economy
, there were a total of 1,878 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 137 people worked in 32 businesses in the primary economic sector. The secondary sector employed 650 workers in 55 separate businesses. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 1,091 jobs in 238 businesses. In 2014 a total of 5.8% of the population received social assistance.

Politics
In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the CVP with 30.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (20.9%), the FDP (20.5%) and the SP (11.3%). In the federal election, a total of 1,800 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 60.7%.

Crime
In 2014 the crime rate, of the over 200 crimes listed in the Swiss Criminal Code (running from murder, robbery and assault to accepting bribes and election fraud), in Sempach was 42.4 per thousand residents. This rate is only 73.5% of the cantonal rate and 65.6% of the average rate in the entire country. During the same period, the rate of drug crimes was 3.1 per thousand residents, which is about one-third the national rate. The rate of violations of immigration, visa and work permit laws was 0.5 per thousand residents, or about 10% of the national rate.

Education
In Sempach about 81.3% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).

Religion
the religious membership of Sempach was as follows: 2,678 (76.9%) were Roman Catholic and 485 (13.9%) were Protestant, with an additional 22 (0.63%) that were of some other Christian faith. There were 86 individuals (2.47% of the population) who are Muslim. Of the rest, there were 15 (0.43%) individuals who belonged to another religion (not listed), 123 (3.53%) who did not belong to any organized religion, and 74 (2.12%) who did not answer the question.

Weather
Sempach has an average of 133.9 days of rain per year and on average receives 1114 mm of precipitation. The wettest month is June during which time Sempach receives an average of 148 mm of precipitation. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 13.2 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 13.6, but with only 115 mm of precipitation. The driest month of the year is October with an average of 66 mm of precipitation over 13.2 days.

title: Sempach


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Justice Lamar

Justice Lamar may refer to:

 * Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar (1825–1893), associate justice of the United States Supreme Court
 * Joseph Rucker Lamar (1857–1916), associate justice of the United States Supreme Court
 * Henry G. Lamar (1798–1861), associate justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia
 * Ann Hannaford Lamar (born 1952), associate justice of the Supreme Court of Mississippi

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Justice Lamar


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User-defined function

A user-defined function (UDF) is a function provided by the user of a program or environment, in a context where the usual assumption is that functions are built into the program or environment. UDFs are usually written for the requirement of its creator.

BASIC language
In some old implementations of the BASIC programming language, user-defined functions are defined using the "DEF FN" syntax. More modern dialects of BASIC are influenced by the structured programming paradigm, where most or all of the code is written as user-defined functions or procedures, and the concept becomes practically redundant.

COBOL language
In the COBOL programming language, a user-defined function is an entity that is defined by the user by specifying a FUNCTION-ID paragraph. A user-defined function must return a value by specifying the RETURNING phrase of the procedure division header and they are invoked using the function-identifier syntax. See the ISO/IEC 1989:2014 Programming Language COBOL standard for details.

As of May 2022, the IBM Enterprise COBOL for z/OS 6.4 (IBM COBOL) compiler contains support for user-defined functions.

Databases
In relational database management systems, a user-defined function provides a mechanism for extending the functionality of the database server by adding a function, that can be evaluated in standard query language (usually SQL) statements. The SQL standard distinguishes between scalar and table functions. A scalar function returns only a single value (or NULL), whereas a table function returns a (relational) table comprising zero or more rows, each row with one or more columns.

User-defined functions in SQL are declared using the  statement. For example, a user-defined function that converts Celsius to Fahrenheit (a temperature scale used in USA) might be declared like this:

Once created, a user-defined function may be used in expressions in SQL statements. For example, it can be invoked where most other intrinsic functions are allowed. This also includes SELECT statements, where the function can be used against data stored in tables in the database. Conceptually, the function is evaluated once per row in such usage. For example, assume a table named Elements, with a row for each known chemical element. The table has a column named BoilingPoint for the boiling point of that element, in Celsius. The query

would retrieve the name and the boiling point from each row. It invokes the  user-defined function as declared above in order to convert the value in the column to a value in Fahrenheit.

Each user-defined function carries certain properties or characteristics. The SQL standard defines the following properties:
 * Language - defines the programming language in which the user-defined function is implemented; examples include SQL, C, C# and Java.
 * Parameter style - defines the conventions that are used to pass the function parameters and results between the implementation of the function and the database system (only applicable if language is not SQL).
 * Specific name - a name for the function that is unique within the database. Note that the function name does not have to be unique, considering overloaded functions. Some SQL implementations require that function names are unique within a database, and overloaded functions are not allowed.
 * Determinism - specifies whether the function is deterministic or not. The determinism characteristic has an influence on the query optimizer when compiling a SQL statement.
 * SQL-data access - tells the database management system whether the function contains no SQL statements (NO SQL), contains SQL statements but does not access any tables or views (CONTAINS SQL), reads data from tables or views (READS SQL DATA), or actually modifies data in the database (MODIFIES SQL DATA).

User-defined functions should not be confused with stored procedures. Stored procedures allow the user to group a set of SQL commands. A procedure can accept parameters and execute its SQL statements depending on those parameters. A procedure is not an expression and, thus, cannot be used like user-defined functions.

Some database management systems allow the creation of user defined functions in languages other than SQL. Microsoft SQL Server, for example, allows the user to use .NET languages including C# for this purpose. DB2 and Oracle support user-defined functions written in C or Java programming languages.

SQL Server 2000
There are three types of UDF in Microsoft SQL Server 2000: scalar functions, inline table-valued functions, and multistatement table-valued functions.

Scalar functions return a single data value (not a table) with RETURNS clause. Scalar functions can use all scalar data types, with exception of timestamp and user-defined data types. Inline table-valued functions return the result set of a single SELECT statement. Multistatement table-valued functions return a table, which was built with many TRANSACT-SQL statements.

User-defined functions can be invoked from a query like built‑in functions such as OBJECT_ID, LEN, DATEDIFF, or can be executed through an EXECUTE statement like stored procedures.

Performance Notes: 1. On Microsoft SQL Server 2000 a table-valued function which "wraps" a View may be much faster than the View itself. The following MyFunction is an example of a "function-wrapper" which runs faster than the underlying view MyView:

2. On Microsoft SQL Server 2005 the result of the same code execution is the opposite: view is executed faster than the "function-wrapper".

User-defined functions are subroutines made of one or more Transact-SQL statements that can be used to encapsulate code for reuse. It takes zero or more arguments and evaluates a return value. Has both control-flow and DML statements in its body similar to stored procedures. Does not allow changes to any Global Session State, like modifications to database or external resource, such as a file or network. Does not support output parameter. DEFAULT keyword must be specified to pass the default value of parameter. Errors in UDF cause UDF to abort which, in turn, aborts the statement that invoked the UDF.

Data type supported in Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Like a temporary table used to store results Mostly used to define temporary variable of type (table) and the return value of a UDF The scope is limited to function, stored procedure, or batch in which it is defined Assignment operation is not allowed between (Table) variables May be used in SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE CREATE FUNCTION to create UDF ALTER FUNCTION to change the characteristics of UDF DROP FUNCTION to remove UDF

Apache Hive
Apache Hive defines, in addition to the regular user-defined functions (UDF), also user-defined aggregate functions (UDAF) and table-generating functions (UDTF). Hive enables developers to create their own custom functions with Java.

Apache Doris
Apache Doris, an open-source real-time analytical database, allows external users to contribute their own UDFs written in C++ to it.

title: User-defined function


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Saint Louis Priory School

The Saint Louis Priory School, a Catholic secondary day school for boys, is located on a 150-acre campus in Creve Coeur, St. Louis County, Missouri, within the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The school is run by the Benedictine monks of Saint Louis Abbey as part of their religious ministry.

History
The school was established in 1956, at the invitation of St. Louis Catholics, by monks of the Benedictine Ampleforth Abbey in Yorkshire, England. The corresponding Priory of Saints Louis and Mary (now Saint Louis Abbey), a Benedictine monastery, was established in 1955. The Priory, which is a member of the English Benedictine Congregation, became independent of Ampleforth in 1973, and was elevated to an Abbey in 1989.

The founding Prior (1955–1967) was Reverend Columba Cary-Elwes, an author, monastic leader, and former titular Abbot of Westminster. The founding headmaster was scholar and author Rev. Timothy Horner, O.S.B., who also founded the school's first athletic team, the Rebel Ruggers.

The history of the monastery and school was chronicled by founding monk and original headmaster Fr. Timothy Horner, O.S.B., in his In Good Soil: The Founding of the Saint Louis Priory School 1954–1973 (2001). In this history, Horner describes the initial contact with the interested St. Louis Catholic laymen, and explains the process of founding a new school in the English Benedictine Congregation.

As Father Timothy notes in In Good Soil, the purpose of school, as conceived by the lay St. Louis Catholics who initiated the project, was to "offer its students a Catholic-college preparatory education of the highest excellence so as to enter the colleges, universities, and technical schools of their choice." By the middle of the 20th century, Catholics had gone to great lengths to develop their own educational system and were expected to support it, so the fact that the school was founded with a view to sending its alumni to non-Catholic colleges was something of a departure for the time. More than sixty years after its founding, the purpose of the school remains remarkably consistent with the vision of its founders. According to its website, the school exists to "provide a Benedictine, Catholic, college preparatory education of the highest excellence so as to help talented and motivated young men develop their full potential as children of God."

Headmasters

 * 1) Rev. Timothy Horner, OSB 1956–1974
 * 2) Rev. Paul Kidner, OSB 1974–1983
 * 3) Rev. Finbarr Dowling, OSB 1983–1992
 * 4) Rev. Thomas Frerking, OSB 1992–1995
 * 5) Rev. Gregory Mohrman, OSB 1995–2005 (First Priory alumnus to join the monastery and serve as Headmaster, class of 1976)
 * 6) Rev. Michael Brunner, OSB 2005–2012
 * 7) Rev. Linus Dolce, OSB 2012–2014
 * 8) Rev. Gregory Mohrman, OSB 2014–2018 (Elected as Abbot of Saint Louis Abbey in 2018)
 * 9) Rev. Cuthbert Elliott, OSB 2018–present (Second Priory alumnus to serve as Headmaster, class of 2002)

Academics
Priory offers an education shaped by the Benedictine order's tradition of Christian humanism, with particular attention to Catholic theology, classical (Latin and Greek) and modern foreign languages (French, Spanish, and Mandarin Chinese), English and American literature, mathematics and the natural sciences, history, computer science, and the fine arts (vocal music, studio art, theater arts/communication, photography, stained glass art, and mass media and video production).

Students have the option to take up to 14 advanced placement courses. Honors classes begin with foreign languages in 8th grade, and in other disciplines beginning in high school. To graduate, students in their senior year must submit one of three types of theses: a research project, a work of creative writing, or a project in the visual or performing arts. Students must also participate in service to the community in order to graduate.

In 2017, the school announced that the Class of 2018 had six students - nearly 10% of the class - obtain a perfect score of 36 on the ACT with over 44% of the class earning a 33 or higher, placing them in the top 2% nationally. The average ACT score for the class was a 32. Additionally, 16 students were named National Merit Semifinalists, the highest percentage (25%) of any school in Missouri.

The online site Niche ranked Priory as the 2016-2023 Best Catholic high school and Best All Boys high school in the St. Louis Metro area and state of Missouri. It was ranked the 7th Best Catholic school in the United States in 2016; in 2017, it was ranked the 5th Best Catholic school and 10th Best All Boy's High School in the entire United States.

The Washington Post ranked Priory second, and the top private school, in Missouri, in its 2016 list of "America's Most Challenging High Schools."

Abbey Church

The Abbey Church was constructed in 1962 and was finished on September 7, 1962. It is also known as the Church of the Abbey of St. Mary and St. Louis. It was designed by Gyo Obata of Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum. The church's circular facade consists of three tiers of whitewashed, thin-shell concrete parabolic arches, the top one forming a bell-tower. The arches appear to float upward from their grassy base. They are faced with dark insulated-fiberglass polyester window walls, which create a meditative translucency when viewed from within.

The church holds a 14th-century sculpture of the Madonna and Christ child, a 17th-century holy font in the Della Robbia style, and modern sacred art by artists from the United States, Great Britain, Spain, and France. The 2007 AIA|CPC Design Committee bestowed its Twenty-five Year Award on the Abbey Church/Priory Chapel.

On the grounds outside the church are life-size sculptures of the abbey's patron saints, Saint Benedict by Lithuanian-born artist Wiktor Szostalo, and the Holy Blessed Virgin Mother Mary, Our Lady of Grace, by American sculptor Philip Howie. The Abbey Church serves as the home church for the Saint Louis Archdiocese parish of Saint Anselm.

Extracurricular
Priory offers a range of extracurricular offerings for its students. These include the Record newspaper and Shield yearbook, opportunities to perform in theater and musical dramas, a Scholar Bowl academic competition team that participates in local and state tournaments, Model UN, and student government. The Junior Engineering Technical Society (JETS) hosts an annual competition, known as TEAMS, aimed at "challenging high school students in grades 9-12 to work together as a team to apply knowledge learned in the classroom to real-world engineering scenarios." Priory has performed well over the years in this competition, including a national championship in 2000.

Priory also hosts a robotics club with Visitation Academy, the ViPrs, that often does well in the annual local FIRST Robotics Competition. In 2010, the team took second place at the St. Louis Regional competition and in 2011 the team was again successful placing third. In 2013, the team won the Rockwell Collins Innovation & Control Award for their creative use of an overlay on the robot's camera to enable the human controller to scope targets more easily. The team won the Excellence in Engineering award in 2015 and placed highly in the Kansas City and St. Louis Regional competition.

The school is home to the Guild of Saint Columbkille, a medieval arts guild in which students can participate in stained glass, calligraphy, and heraldry. After demonstrating a certain level of proficiency, students may earn the title of "Master."

Additionally, Priory hosts a student-led Sodality of Our Lady, a religious organization that fosters in its participants a closer personal and community relationship with the Blessed Virgin Mary. The Priory Sodality is dedicated in particular to Our Lady of Walsingham.

Priory serves as one of two St. Louis-area sites for AIM High, a program that offers an academic and personal enrichment program for motivated middle school students from high-risk environments. The program involves Priory faculty members, parents, and students.

Sports
Priory's mascot is the Ravens. Abbot Gregory Mohrman, O.S.B., an alumnus of the school from the class of 1976 and a former headmaster, explained the mascot's significance: “Some people have been asking us, why a raven? ... Saint Gregory the Great, in his story of the life and miracles of Saint Benedict, recounts how Benedict had a pet raven, who used to come every evening to be fed bread from Benedict’s own hand. Once, when Benedict was given poisoned bread by a disgruntled and envious priest, Benedict told the raven to take the poisoned bread and drop it in a place where no one could find it. The raven obeyed and returned for his nightly treat. The raven’s bravery and obedience ultimately saved others from the wrath of a wicked man.”

When the school was founded, the sports mascot was the Saints. In the '60s, "under the influence of a charismatic history teacher who specialized in the Civil War", it was changed to the Rebels, referencing the Confederate States of America. Initially, this link was obvious and the students used Confederate symbols to show pride in their sports team, including a giant painting of General Beauregard on the gym walls. Over time, this link weakened and explicit symbols of the Confederacy went away. In 2020, the mascot was officially changed to the Ravens.

Priory is a member of the suburban Metro League, which was reconstituted out of the former ABC League. Priory students are required to participate in a sport each of the three seasons. In the fall, the school offers cross country, football, and soccer. In the winter, the school offers basketball, ice hockey, and wrestling. Students may choose to participate in the winter musical in order to fill their sports requirement. The ice hockey team is a club team that is not sponsored by the school or state, and since the dissolution of hockey clubs at two nearby public schools, Parkway North and Parkway Central, it regularly features non-Priory students on its team. However, according to a rule change starting in the 2009–2010 school year, it now fulfills the sports requirement for the winter term. In the spring, the school offers golf, track and field, tennis, rugby, baseball, lacrosse, and ultimate frisbee. Although the school has racquetball and squash facilities, it does not field teams in these sports, nor does it have a swimming and diving team, as it once did.

In the winter of 2004, the hockey team received a bid to play in the Wickenheiser Cup, a memorial tournament hosted by the Mid-States Club Hockey Association league and named for the late St. Louis Blues Center Doug Wickenheiser. Priory won the championship game, played at the Scottrade Center, giving the school its first state sports title since 1973. In 2007, the hockey team won the Wickenheiser Cup for the second time.

In the fall of 2005, the Priory varsity soccer team became the first in this sport in Missouri's high school sports history, and the first since state titles were officially sanctioned by the Missouri State High School Activities Association, to compete for a full season with no losses or ties. The soccer Rebels led by All-American forward Jimmy Holmes ended the season with a perfect 26-0-0 record, winning the state Class 2 title. In November 2011, the soccer Rebels again produced a perfect season, finishing 27-0-0 and winning the Missouri State High School Class 2 championship with a 2-0 victory over Trinity High School. In so doing they became the only school in Missouri high school soccer history to twice post a perfect season, with no losses and no ties. The soccer Rebels' team record included 24 shutouts, and they outscored opponents 107-5.

In the spring of 2007, the Priory golf team won its first state title, winning by 27 shots. The final team score was 583.

A little over half a decade after establishing a lacrosse program, Priory's varsity lacrosse team won its first Missouri Scholastic Lacrosse Association state title in 2016 by defeating O'Fallon (Illinois) 7-6 in the double overtime Division II championship final.

Recognition
Missouri State High School Athletic Association (MSHSAA) Titles: Mid-States Club Hockey Association State Titles: Missouri Scholastic Lacrosse Association (MSLA) State Title: Missouri State High School Boys' Ultimate Championship Title:
 * Football: 1973
 * Cross Country: 2004
 * Soccer: 2005 (The first soccer team in MSHSAA history to go undefeated at 26-0-0), 2011 (undefeated season, 27-0-0), 2017
 * Golf: 2007 (2nd lowest 36-hole total (583) for par 71-hole course in MSHSAA history), 2018
 * Tennis: 2021
 * Hockey: 2004, 2007, 2022 (Wickenheiser Cup)
 * Lacrosse: 2016 (Division II)
 * Ultimate: 2019

Academic State Titles
 * Scholar Bowl Academic Competitions: 1999, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013
 * Mock Trial: 2007 (the team went on to place fourth in the National Competition)

Notable alumni

 * Government and politics
 * Carl J. Artman (1983), Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs, United States Department of the Interior, 2007–2008
 * John A. Heffern (1972), United States Ambassador to Armenia, 2011–2014, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary, US Department of State Bureau of European Affairs, 2015–present
 * D. John Sauer (1993), Rhodes Scholar, Solicitor General of Missouri

 * Business
 * Tom Baldwin (1974), founder of the Baldwin Group
 * William K. "Billy" Busch (1978), (son of Anheuser-Busch chairman and Saint Louis Cardinals baseball team owner August A. Busch Jr.), founder of William K. Busch Brewing Co.
 * William Donius (1977), President and CEO, Pulaski Bank
 * Preston Henske (1982), Managing Partner, Bain & Company New York
 * Thomas Schlafly (1966), co-founder of Saint Louis Brewery (creators of Schlafly beer)
 * John Leonard Harris (1980), Founder and President of charitable nonprofit organization, Encouragement Unlimited, Inc. (www.encouragementunlimited.org), popular keynote and conference speaker, pastor, author (Practical Wisdom: Learning Life's Lessons from the Simple but Profound Things We Hear Every Day), actor and poet.
 * David Wehner (1986), CFO of Meta Platforms

 * Sports and entertainment
 * Kevin Kline (1965), Academy Award-winning actor
 * John Klein (1983), pro soccer player, St. Louis University Billikens Athletics Hall of Fame, Columbia College Soccer Coach
 * Dave Holmes (1989), MTV VJ and reality TV show host
 * Benjamin R. Noll (2000), NFL offensive lineman; had stints with the St. Louis Rams, Dallas Cowboys, and Detroit Lions

 * Arts and sciences
 * David Linzee (1971), author and mystery writer (Death in Connecticut, Belgravia, Discretion: A Novel, and Spur of the Moment)
 * Stephen Lockhart (1974), Rhodes Scholar, healthcare executive, and anesthesiologist
 * Eddy L. Harris (1974), author (Mississippi Solo, Native Stranger, South of Haunted Dreams, and Still Life in Harlem), and filmmaker (River to the Heart)
 * Thomas L. Delworth (1976), a fellow of the American Geophysical Union who received the 2021 Bert Bolin Award for Climate research
 * John Keene (1983), MacArthur Fellow, writer, translator, professor, and artist

title: Saint Louis Priory School


text:
Sempill

Sempill or Semple may refer to:

People

 * Francis Sempill (1616?–1682), Scottish writer, son of Robert the younger
 * James Sempill (1566–1626), Scottish courtier and diplomat
 * Hugh Sempill (1596–1654), Scottish mathematician
 * Robert Sempill (c.1530–1595), Scottish balladeer
 * Robert Sempill the younger (1595?–1663?), Scottish writer, son of Robert
 * William Forbes-Sempill, 19th Lord Sempill (1893–1965), Scottish pioneering aviator and Japanese spy

Other uses

 * Clan Sempill, a Lowland Scottish clan
 * Lord Sempill, a title in the Peerage of Scotland
 * Sempill Mission, a 1921 military mission to Japan

title: Sempill


text:
Category:Types of words

Types of words.

title: Category:Types of words


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Pancras of Rome

Pancras (Latin: Sanctus Pancratius) was a Roman citizen who converted to Christianity and was beheaded for his faith at the age of fourteen, around the year 304. His name is Greek (Πανκράτιος) and means "all-powerful".

From an early period, Pancras was venerated together with Nereus and Achilleus in a shared feast day and Mass formula on 12 May. In 1595, 25 years after Pope Pius V promulgated the Tridentine Missal, Domitilla was also added.

Since 1969, Pancras has been venerated separately, still on 12 May. He is traditionally the second of the Ice Saints. In the Syriac traditions he is known as Mor Izozoel (Mar Azazael), remembered on 12 May and 12 August. He is the patron saint of children.

The London district of St Pancras, and by extension, the railway station of the same name, is named after St Pancras Old Church and St Pancras New Church.

Legend
Because he was said to have been martyred at the age of fourteen during the persecution under Diocletian, Pancras would have been born around 289, at a place designated as near Synnada, a city of Phrygia Salutaris, to parents of Roman citizenship. When Pancras was nine years old, his mother Cyriada died during childbirth; his father died of grief not long after. Pancras was entrusted to his uncle Dionysius' care. They both moved to Rome to live in a villa on the Caelian Hill. They were converted to Christianity by one Marcellinus, and Pancras became a zealous adherent of the religion. Dionysius subsequently died, leaving Pancras on his own.

During the persecution of Christians by Emperor Diocletian, around 303 AD, he was brought before the authorities and asked to perform a sacrifice to the Roman gods. Diocletian, impressed with the boy's determination to resist, promised him wealth and power, but Pancras refused, and finally the emperor ordered him to be beheaded on the Via Aurelia, on 12 May 303 AD. This traditional year of his martyrdom cannot be squared with the saint's defiance of Diocletian in Rome, which the emperor had not visited since 286, nor with the mention of Cornelius (251–253) as Bishop of Rome at the time of the martyrdom, as the most recent monograph on Pancras' texts and cult has pointed out.

A Roman matron named Octavilla recovered Pancras' body, covered it with balsam, wrapped it in precious linens, and buried it in a newly built sepulchre dug in the Catacombs of Rome. Pancras' head was placed in the reliquary that still exists today in the Basilica of Saint Pancras.

Veneration
Devotion to Pancras existed from the fifth century onwards, for the basilica of Saint Pancras was built by Pope Symmachus (498–514), on the place where the body of the young martyr had been buried; his earliest passio seems to have been written during this time. Pope Gregory the Great gave impetus to the cult of Pancras, sending Augustine to England carrying relics of that saint and including his legend in Liber in gloria martyrum (for this reason, many English churches are dedicated to Pancras; St Pancras Old Church in London is one of the oldest sites of Christian worship in England).

In medieval iconography, Pancras was depicted as a young soldier, due to his association with the paired soldier saints Nereus and Achilleus. By the mid-nineteenth century, pious embroidery set Pancras's martyrdom in the arena among wild beasts, where the panther refrains from attacking and killing him until the martyr gives the beast permission. Pancras is popularly venerated as the patron saint of children, jobs and health. His name is also invoked against cramps, false witnesses, headaches and perjury. His image in statue form can be found in many bars, restaurants and other businesses. He is also the patron saint of the Italian city San Pancrazio Salentino.

The Tridentine calendar had on 12 May a joint feast (semidouble rank) of Nereus, Achilleus and Pancras. The name of Domitilla was added in 1595. The joint celebration of Nereus, Achilleus, Domitilla and Pancras continued with that ranking (see General Roman Calendar of 1954) until the revision of 1960, when it was reclassified as a third-class feast (see General Roman Calendar of 1960).

In the present General Roman Calendar, revised in 1969, Saints Nereus and Achilleus (together) and Saint Pancras have distinct celebrations (optional memorials) on 12 May. Saint Domitilla is not included in the revised calendar, because the liturgical honours once paid to her "have no basis in tradition".

title: Pancras of Rome


text:
M103 heavy tank

The M103 Heavy Tank (officially designated 120mm Gun Combat Tank M103, initially T43) was a heavy tank that served in the United States Army and the United States Marine Corps during the Cold War. Introduced in 1957, it served until 1974, by which time evolution of the concept of a main battle tank considered heavy tanks obsolete.

Design and development
In December 1950, the U.S. Army made blueprints for a heavy tank reference design. In January 1951, it awarded Chrysler a $99 million contract to produce the tank. Chrysler tasked Robert T. Keller, the son of Chrysler Board Chairman K.T. Keller, with overseeing its design, and construction at the company's new Newark, Delaware, tank plant.

The first T43 pilot model was completed in November 1951. Officials said the tank would "out-slug any land-fighting machine ever built."

Like the contemporary British Conqueror, the M103 was designed to counter Soviet heavy tanks, such as the later IS-series tanks or the T-10, if conflict with the Eastern Bloc broke out. Its long-ranged 4.7 in cannon was designed to destroy enemy tanks at extreme distances.

Some 300 tanks were built between 1953 and 1954, initially designated T43E1. Details about the tank, including production plans and specifications, were tightly held. Seeking to keep the tank out of public sight, Secretary of Defense Charles E. Wilson nixed an October 1953 exhibition for the American Ordnance Association at Aberdeen Proving Ground. In May 1954, the tank was debuted publicly at a demonstration at the Newark tank plant.

In 1953, the Pentagon began to reverse the Truman administration's policy of a broad production base in favor of Wilson's "single, efficient producer" concept. In September Wilson chose General Motors over Chrysler to take over production of the M48 Patton. General Motors would also become heir to any additional T43 orders after Chrysler tank production wrapped up in June 1954.

Testing was unsatisfactory, with the tanks failing to meet Continental Army Command's standards and being put into storage in August 1955. Following the approval of 98 improvements the tank was redesignated the M103 Heavy Tank in April 1956. Of the 300 T43E1s built, 80 went to the US Army (74 of which were rebuilt to M103 standard), and 220 were accepted by the US Marine Corps, to be used as infantry support, rebuilt successively to improved M103A1 and then later M103A2 standards.

A House Government Operations subcommittee report in July 1957 called for the heavy tank program to be audited. Investigators had been unable to determine the cost of the program, which was estimated in the hundreds of millions of dollars. The report said the Army had hastened production of the tank for war in Korea despite there being no need for it there. The tank was also unsuited to the rigors of the nuclear battlefield, the report said.

Specifics
Following contemporary American design philosophy, the M103 was built with a two-piece, cast elliptic armor scheme, similar to the M48's design. It featured seven road wheels per side, mounted with long-arm independent torsion bars. The 28 inch track was shoed in steel backed rubber chevron tracks, allowing for a ground pressure of 12.9 psi. The Continental AV-1790 engine was placed at the rear of the tank, and produced a maximum output of 810 hp and 1600 lbft of torque, fed through a General Motors CD-850-4 two-speed transmission. This allowed the 60 ST heavy tank to achieve a maximum road speed of 21 mph and a maximum climbing gradient of 60%.

Initial production versions suffered a host of drivetrain mechanical problems. The Continental powerpack, shared by the much lighter M48/M60 tanks, was insufficient to drive the much heavier M103. The tank was, consequently, severely underpowered and very fuel intensive. This presented a host of logistical problems for the vehicle, most prominently the extremely limited range of just 80 mi. Though this was partially corrected with the introduction of the AV-1790-2 diesel unit, the M103 would remain cumbersome and fuel-thirsty for the majority of its service life.

[[File:M103A1-crew.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|left|The crew of an M103A1 consisted of:

1 - driver, 2 - gunner, 3-4 - two loaders, 5 - commander]] For ease of production, many of the large components of the tank were made from cast armor. This design scheme was also much more mass efficient than traditional rolled plate armor. Despite being better protected than the T29-series of prototypes which preceded it, the M103 was nearly 10 ST lighter, making it competitive with the Soviet T-10/IS-8 tank. The frontal hull glacis was a compound pike, welded at the center seam, with up to 10 inch thick armor at the front. The turret was a massive single-piece cast design, fitted with heavily sloped 10 inch rolled-homogeneous armor.

The M103 was designed to mount the 4.7 in M58 gun, fitted in the M89 turret mount. Using standard Armor-Piercing Ballistic Cap Tracer Rounds, it was capable of penetrating 221 mm of 30-degree sloped rolled-homogeneous armor at 1000 yd and 196 mm at 2000 yd. It could also penetrate 124 mm 60-degree sloped rolled-homogeneous armor at 1000 yd and 114 mm at 2000 yd. The commander could select from 34 rounds of either M358 Armor-Piercing Ballistic Cap Tracer Rounds or M469 HEAT shells, mounted at the rear of the turret and in the hull. With both loaders, the maximum firing rate of the gun was five rounds per minute, owing to the design of the two-piece ammunition. Using the electrohydraulic turret traverse, the gunner could turn the turret at 18 degrees per second, with 15 degrees of elevation and 8 degrees of gun depression.

The armor was made from welded rolled and cast homogeneous steel of varying thickness.

Service

US Army 7th Army wanted the new heavy tank to supplement its M48 tanks. In Europe, the US Army fielded only one battalion of heavy tanks, from January 1958, originally assigned to the 899th Tank Battalion, later re-designated the 2d Battalion, 33d Armor. The US Army heavy armor battalion, in contrast to other armor units, was organized into four tank companies, composed of six platoons each, of which each platoon contained three M103s, for a total of 18 tanks per company. Standard US Army armor battalions at the time had three companies per battalion, each with three five-tank platoons, with 17 tanks per company (two tanks were in headquarters platoon).

One of the flaws of M103 vehicle was it did not have adequate reliability in retreat operations. US Army was aware that more Tiger tanks had been lost during retreat operations than during actual combat, and US Army in Europe could not afford that. In Europe it was found that the engine was underpowered, requiring replacement of engines and transmissions after only about 500 mi.

In addition, the ammunition stowage was not convenient, repeated firing caused excess chamber erosion, and tracks were easily thrown. Last but not least crew safety, comfort and ability to function were impaired by poor interior arrangement.

The M103 was placed on the road to obsolescence when the US Army shifted to the concept of a single main battle tank optimizing firepower, protection, and mobility in a single medium tank design. The U.S. M60 tank fulfilled the breakthrough functions of M103 heavy tank while retaining the mobility of M48 medium tanks. By that time it was years since US Army had realized Soviet heavy tanks were not as potent as suspected, and thus the M103s were rather overkill and expensive to deal with T-54 and T-55 tanks.

The US Marine Corps assigned one M103 company to each of its three Marine tank battalions, including its Marine reserve units. The M103 was never used in combat.

While the US Army deactivated its heavy armor units with the reception of the new M60 series main battle tanks in 1963, the remaining M103s stayed within the US Marine Corps inventory until they began receiving the M60 series main battle tank. With the disappearance of the heavy tank from US forces came the full acceptance of the main battle tank in 1960 for the US Army, and 1973 for the US Marine Corps. Although the later M1 Abrams main battle tank utilizes the same caliber of main gun, 4.7 in, the M103's cannon was a rifled gun firing a separate-loading round, in which the projectile was loaded into the breech, followed by a cartridge case consisting of a brass case, primer, and propellant in a fixed unit. This separate-loading system necessitated the use of two loaders. The only part of the cartridge case consumed during firing was the propellant and a plastic cap on the end of the brass cartridge case. The spent brass cartridge case was ejected after firing. The M1 tank's 4.7 in main gun is a smooth bore firing a semi-caseless round, ejecting only a back cap of the original loaded round; the bulk of the M1's 4.7 in shell casing is consumed during firing.

Ammunition

Ammunition for M103's M58 gun included:

 * M358 APBC-T
 * M356 HE-T
 * M357 WP-T
 * M359E2 TP-T
 * M469 HEAT-T

Variants

 * T43 – Six pilot vehicles produced in 1951.
 * T43E1 – 300 built in 1953.
 * T43E2 – Two vehicles produced from 1955–1956. Turret basket and gunner moved to front of turret. New targeting system (T52 rangefinder, T33 computer, T44 gunners periscopic sight) and hydraulic turret traverse replaced with electric
 * M103 – Produced in 1957. 74 converted into other models.
 * M103A1 Produced in 1959. 219 converted or rebuilt. New sight (Stereoscopic T52) and M14 ballistic computer. Removed one coaxial machine gun. New turret electric amplidyne system traverse. Turret basket.
 * M103A2 Produced 1964. 153 converted or rebuilt. New 750 hp (559 kW) diesel engine from the M60 tank, increasing the road range to 295 mi (480 km) and maximum speed to 23 mph (37 km/h). The M15 Stereoscopic Rangefinder is replaced to M24 Coincidence Rangefinder.
 * Heavy Recovery Vehicle M51 Initially built 1954–1955 and modified 1956–1958 to bring up to standard. Tank recovery version of the M103 heavy tank. 187 built by Chrysler.
 * Manned Evasive Target Tank M103A2s modified in 1977 for use as targets in training TOW missile crews (firing dummy warheads).

Operators

 * United States
 * The U.S. Army operated 80 T43E1 tanks, 74 of them were later converted to the M103 standard.
 * The U.S. Marines operated 220 T43E1 tanks, 219 of them which were later converted to the M103A1 then 154 were rebuilt to the M103A2 standard.

Surviving examples

Existing M103 and M103A2s include:

title: M103 heavy tank


text:
Athens of Texas

The Athens of Texas is a nickname that has been coined to describe several cities in Texas, United States, including:

 * Marshall, Texas
 * Sherman, Texas
 * Waco, Texas

title: Athens of Texas


text:
Mygdonia (disambiguation)

Mygdonia was a district of ancient Macedon.

Mygdonia (Μυγδονία) can also refer to:
 * Mygdonia (Thrace), a town of ancient Thrace
 * Antiochia Mygdonia, a Seleucid colony in ancient Mesopotamia
 * Mygdonia, Thessaloniki, a municipality near Thessaloniki, Greece
 * Mygdonia A.C., a badminton club, Drimos, Thessaloniki, Greece
 * Mygdonia (bug), a genus of bugs in the tribe Mictini

title: Mygdonia (disambiguation)


text:
Percent sign

The percent sign % (sometimes per cent sign in British English) is the symbol used to indicate a percentage, a number or ratio as a fraction of 100. Related signs include the permille (per thousand) sign ‰ and the permyriad (per ten thousand) sign ‱ (also known as a basis point), which indicate that a number is divided by one thousand or ten thousand, respectively. Higher proportions use parts-per notation.

Form and spacing
English style guides prescribe writing the percent sign following the number without any space between (e.g. 50%). However, the International System of Units and ISO 31-0 standard prescribe a space between the number and percent sign,  in line with the general practice of using a non-breaking space between a numerical value and its corresponding unit of measurement.

Other languages have other rules for spacing in front of the percent sign:
 * In Czech and in Slovak, the percent sign is spaced with a non-breaking space if the number is used as a noun. In Czech, no space is inserted if the number is used as an adjective (e.g. "a 50% increase"), whereas Slovak uses a non-breaking space in this case as well.
 * In Croatian, the percent sign is spaced with a non-breaking space.
 * In Finnish, the percent sign is always spaced, and a case suffix can be attached to it using the colon (e.g. 50 %:n kasvu 'an increase of 50%').
 * In French, the percent sign must be spaced with a non-breaking space.
 * According to the Real Academia Española, in Spanish, the percent sign should be spaced now, despite the fact that it is not the linguistic norm. Despite that, in North American Spanish (Mexico and the US), several style guides and institutions either recommend the percent sign be written following the number without any space between or do so in their own publications in accordance with common usage in that region.
 * In Russian, the percent sign is rarely spaced, contrary to the guidelines of the GOST 8.417-2002 state standard.
 * In Chinese, the percent sign is almost never spaced, probably because Chinese does not use spaces to separate characters or words at all.
 * According to the Swedish Language Council, the percent sign should be preceded by a space in Swedish, as all other units.
 * In German, the space is prescribed by the regulatory body in the national standard DIN 5008.
 * In Turkish and some other Turkic languages, the percent sign precedes rather than follows the number, without an intervening space.
 * In Persian texts, the percent sign may either precede or follow the number, in either case without a space.
 * In Arabic, the percent sign follows the number; as Arabic is written from right to left, this means that the percent sign is to the left of the number, usually without a space.
 * In Hebrew, the percent sign is written to the right of the number, just as in English, without an intervening space. This is because numbers in Hebrew (which otherwise is written from right to left) are written from left to right, as in English.
 * In Dutch, the official rule (NBN Z 01-002) is to place a space between the number and the sign (e.g. "een stijging van 50 %"), but most of the time, the space is missing (e.g. "een stijging van 50%").

Usage in text
It is often recommended that the percent sign only be used in tables and other places with space restrictions. In running text, it should be spelled out as percent or per cent (often in newspapers). For example, not "Sales increased by 24% over 2006" but "Sales increased by 24 percent over 2006".

Evolution
Prior to 1425, there is no known evidence of a special symbol being used for percentage. The Italian term per cento, "for a hundred", was used as well as several different abbreviations (e.g. "per 100", "p 100", "p cento"). Examples of this can be seen in the 1339 arithmetic text (author unknown) depicted below. The letter p with its descender crossed by a horizontal or diagonal strike (to indicate abbreviation) conventionally stood for per, por, par, or pur in Medieval and Renaissance palaeography.

 * Percent sign in 1339.png

At some point, a scribe used the abbreviation pc with a tiny loop or circle (depicting the ending -o used in Italian ordinals, as in primo, secondo; it is analogous to the English -th as in 25th). This appears in some additional pages of a 1425 text which were probably added around 1435.

 * Percent sign in 1425.png

The pc with a loop eventually evolved into a horizontal fraction sign by 1650 (see below for an example in a 1684 text) and thereafter lost the per.

 * [[Image:Percent sign in 1648.png|left|thumb|upright=0.8|alt=1684 arithmetic text|1684 arithmetic text in Rara Arithmetica, p. 441]]

In 1925, D. E. Smith wrote, "The solidus form  is modern."

Unicode
The Unicode code points are:
 * (HTML,  ),
 * , which has the circles replaced by square dots set on edge, the shape of the digit 0 in Eastern Arabic numerals.
 * , パーセント (pāsento, from English "percent") in one square character.
 * , which has the circles replaced by square dots set on edge, the shape of the digit 0 in Eastern Arabic numerals.
 * , パーセント (pāsento, from English "percent") in one square character.

ASCII
The ASCII code for the percent character is 37, or 0x25 in hexadecimal.

In computers
Names for the percent sign include percent sign (in ITU-T), mod, grapes (in hacker jargon), and the humorous double-oh-seven (in INTERCAL).

In computing, the percent character is also used for the modulo operation in programming languages that derive their syntax from the C programming language, which in turn acquired this usage from the earlier B.

In the textual representation of URIs, a % immediately followed by a 2-digit hexadecimal number denotes an octet specifying (part of) a character that might otherwise not be allowed in URIs (see percent-encoding).

In SQL, the percent sign is a wildcard character in "LIKE" expressions, for example SELECT * FROM table WHERE fullname LIKE 'Lisa %' will fetch all records whose names start with "Lisa".

In TeX (and therefore also in LaTeX) and PostScript, and in GNU Octave and MATLAB, a % denotes a line comment.

In BASIC, Visual Basic, ASP, and VBA a trailing % after a variable name marks it as an integer.

In ASP, the percent sign can be used to indicate the start and end of the ASP code <%...... %>

In Perl % is the sigil for hashes.

In many programming languages' string formatting operations (performed by functions such as  and  ), the percent sign denotes parts of the template string that will be replaced with arguments. (See printf format string.) In Python and Ruby the percent sign is also used as the string formatting operator.

In the command processors COMMAND.COM (DOS) and CMD.EXE (OS/2 and Windows), %1, %2,... stand for the first, second,... parameters of a batch file. %0 stands for the specification of the batch file itself as typed on the command line. The % sign is also used similarly in the FOR command. %VAR1% represents the value of an environment variable named VAR1. Thus: set PATH=c:\;%PATH% sets a new value for PATH, that being the old value preceded by " ". Because these uses give the percent sign special meaning, the sequence %% (two percent signs) is used to represent a literal percent sign, so that: set PATH=c:\;%%PATH%% would set PATH to the literal value " ".

In the C Shell, % is part of the default command prompt.

In linguistics
In linguistics, the percent sign is prepended to an example sentence or other string to show that it is judged well-formed (grammatical) by some speakers and ill-formed by others. This may be due to differences in dialect or even individual idiolects. This use is similar to those of the asterisk to mark ill-formed strings, the question mark to mark strings where well-formedness is unclear, and the number sign to mark strings that are syntactically well-formed but semantically or pragmatically nonsensical.

title: Percent sign


text:
Talk:Hossein Elahi Ghomshei

Untitled
Ghomshei is a very good speaker. I believe he gives at least one public talk each week that is broadcasted from Iranian TV. He is knowledgable about Islamic and western philosophy. I believe he has also had science background. He is familiar with the works of all the classical persian philosophers and poets. He has the ability to talk in a very simple language while he might be explaining a profound idea. I would like to find out more about his work. I'll appreciate if anyone can elaborate on his work and where they can be found.

This article does not provide any reliable sources or references. As such the content cannot be verified. Dr. Elahy is not a "world renowned" scholar as claimed by the author. The article does not present a neutral view of Dr. Elahy's biography and does not have a proper biography layout. I suggest a complete rewrite plus additon of reliable references. LivingOnIceberg 02:49, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Hossein Elahi Ghomshei


text:
Bell 47

The Bell 47 is a single-rotor single-engine light helicopter manufactured by Bell Helicopter. It was based on the third Bell 30 prototype, which was the company's first helicopter designed by Arthur M. Young. The 47 became the first helicopter certified for civilian use on 8 March 1946. The first civilian delivery was made on 31 December 1946 to Helicopter Air Transport. More than 5,600 Bell 47s were produced, including those under license by Agusta in Italy, Kawasaki Heavy Industries in Japan, and Westland Aircraft in the United Kingdom. The Bell 47J Ranger is a modified version with a fully enclosed cabin and tail boom.

Design and development
Early models varied in appearance, with open cockpits or sheet metal cabins, fabric covered or open structures, some with four-wheel landing gear. Later model D and Korean War H-13D and E types settled on a more utilitarian style. The most common model, the 47G introduced in 1953, can be recognized by the full "soap bubble" canopy, exposed welded-tube tail boom, saddle fuel tanks and skid landing gear.

The later three-seat 47H had an enclosed cabin with full cowling and monocoque tail boom. It was an attempt to market a "luxury" version of the basic 47G. Relatively few were produced.

Engines were Franklin or Lycoming vertically mounted piston engines of 175 to 305 HP (130 to 227 kW). Seating varied from two (early 47s and the later G-5A) to four (the J and KH-4).

In April 2011 there were 1068 registered with the Federal Aviation Administration in the United States and 15 in the United Kingdom.

Bell 47s were produced in Japan by a Bell and Kawasaki venture; this led to the Kawasaki KH-4 variant, a four-seat version of the Model 47 with a cabin similar to the Bell 47J. It differed from the "J" in having a standard uncovered tail boom and fuel tanks like the G series. It was sold throughout Asia, and some were used in Australia.

In February 2010, the Bell 47 type certificates were transferred to Scott's Helicopter Services. The sister company that was formed, Scott's - Bell 47, is in the process of starting production of a turboshaft powered version of the Bell 47, the 47GT-6, using a Rolls-Royce RR300 engine and with composite rotor blades, with deliveries planned from 2016.

Operational history
The Bell 47 entered US military service in late 1946, and operated in a variety of versions and under different designations for three decades. It was designated H-13 Sioux by the US Army, and during the Korean War, it served a variety of roles, including reconnaissance and scouting, search and rescue, and medevac.

The "Telecopter" was a Bell 47 rented by television station KTLA in Los Angeles, California. It was outfitted with a television camera and it made the world's first flight by a television news helicopter on July 3, 1958, with its inventor, John D. Silva, aboard. When the television station reported it was receiving no video, Silva exited the helicopter's cockpit to climb onto its landing skid while it hovered at 1,500 feet (457 m) so he could investigate the microwave transmitter bolted to its side, where he discovered a vacuum tube had failed due to vibration and hot weather. After Silva fixed the problem overnight, the Telecopter made the world's first successful television news flight on July 4, 1958.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) had a number of Bell 47s during the Apollo program, used by astronauts as trainers for the lunar lander. Apollo 17 commander Eugene Cernan had a nearly disastrous crash into the Indian River in Florida in 1971, before his flight to the Moon. The 47 has also served as the helicopter of choice for basic helicopter flight instruction in many countries.

Records

 * 13 May 1949, a Bell 47 set an altitude record of 18550 ft.
 * 21 September 1950, first helicopter to fly over the Alps.
 * 17 September 1952, Bell pilot Elton J. Smith set a world distance record for piston helicopters of 1217 mi by flying nonstop from Hurst, Texas, to Buffalo, New York. As of 2018, this record still stands.

Variants

 * Section source: Complete Encyclopedia

Civilian

 * 47: Pre-production version, powered by a 178 hp Franklin piston engine. Ten pre-production examples built, which varied in appearance.
 * 47A: Improved version of the Bell 47, powered by a 175 hp Franklin O-335-1 piston engine.
 * 47B: Equivalent to the military YR-13/HTL-1, powered by the 175 hp Franklin O-335-1.
 * 47B-3: Agricultural/utility version with open crew positions. Also, offered in a version to the US Postal Service as the Bell Airmailer .

 * 47C
 * 47D: First to appear with a molded "soap bubble" canopy.
 * 47D-1: Introduced in 1949, it had an open tubework tail boom reminiscent of the Bell Model 30 and three seats.

 * 47E: Powered by a 200 hp Franklin 6V4-200-C32 engine.
 * 47F
 * 47G: Combines a 149 kW Franklin engine with the three-seat configuration of the 47D-1 and introduced the twin saddle-bag fuel tank configuration.
 * 47G-2: Powered by the Lycoming VO-435 engine. Produced under license by Westland Aircraft as the Sioux for the UK military.
 * 47G-2A: Powered by a 179 kW VO-435.
 * 47G-2A-1: Wider cabin, improved rotor blades and increased fuel capacity.
 * 47G-3: Powered by a supercharged 168 kW Franklin 6VS-335-A.
 * 47G-3B: Powered by a turbocharged 209 kW Lycoming TVO-435.
 * 47G-4: Three-seat helicopter powered by an Avco Lycoming VO-540 engine.
 * 47G-5: A three-seat utility version. A two-seat agricultural version was later known as the Ag-5. The 47G-5 remained in production even after H & J production had ended.

 * Bell 47H-1: A three-seat version with an enclosed cabin and fuselage.
 * 47J Ranger: A four-seat version powered by a VO-435 engine.
 * 47K:Military two-seat training variant of the 47J.

Military

 * See H-13 Sioux

Licensed versions
Agusta A.115 1971 Italian prototype of a Bell 47J with an unclad, tubular tail boom, and powered by a Turbomeca Astazou II turboshaft engine Meridionali/Agusta EMA 124 Italian prototype with redesigned forward fuselage. Not produced.

Kawasaki KH-4 Japanese production version with redesigned, lengthened cabin, and redesigned control system

Conversions
Carson Super C-4 El Tomcat Mk.II Bell 47G-2 modified extensively for agricultural spraying by Continental Copters Inc. First flew in April 1959, followed by further improved versions.

Military operators

 * For all military operators, regardless of the actual model, see Bell H-13 Sioux operators

Government operators

 * Ontario Lands and Forests
 * Carabinieri
 * Guardia di Finanza
 * Vigili del Fuoco
 * Los Angeles City Fire Department
 * Los Angeles Police Department
 * New York City Police Department
 * Los Angeles City Fire Department
 * Los Angeles Police Department
 * New York City Police Department

Aircraft on display

 * Canada
 * CF-ODM – Bell 47D-1 on static display at the Canadian Bushplane Heritage Centre in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.
 * Unknown ID – Bell 47G on static display at the Alberta Aviation Museum in Edmonton, Alberta. It was assembled from parts and represents a Bell 47D.
 * CF-NHH – Bell 47G on static display at The Hangar Flight Museum in Calgary, Alberta. It was built by college students from parts and has never flown.
 * CF-GWD – Bell 47D-1 on display at the Canadian Museum of History, Gatineau, Quebec.
 * CF-FZX – Bell 47G-4 on display at the British Columbia Aviation Museum.
 * C-FIVE – Bell 47J-2 on display at the Canadian Museum of Flight, Langley, British Columbia.
 * Chile
 * H-03 (Chilean Air Force) – Bell 47D-1 on static display at the Museo Nacional Aeronáutico y del Espacio in Santiago.
 * France
 * 710 (French Air Force) – Bell 47G on static display at the Musée de l’air et de l’espace in Le Bourget, Île-de-France.
 * Germany
 * AS+058 (German Army) – Agusta-Bell 47G-2 on static display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich, Bavaria.
 * Japan
 * JA7008 – Kawasaki-Bell 47D-1 (one of first two aircraft of All Nippon Airways) on static display at ANA Safety Education Center, nearby Haneda Airport. It was once displayed at Transportation Museum of Japan until its closure in 2006.
 * Malta
 * AS7201 – Bell 47G-2 on static display at the Malta Aviation Museum in Ta'Qali. It was the first aircraft of the Armed Forces of Malta and was donated to the museum on 31 May 2008.
 * New Zealand
 * NZ3705 – Bell 47G-3B-1 on static display at the Air Force Museum of New Zealand in Wigram, Canterbury.
 * Norway
 * LN-ORW – Bell 47D-1 on static display at the Norwegian Aviation Museum in Bodø, Nordland.
 * Spain
 * HE.7B-31 – AB-47G-3B1 on static display at the Museo Aeronáutico de Málaga in Málaga, Andalusia.
 * Sweden
 * Unknown ID – Bell 47G on static display at the ABBA: The Museum in Stockholm. It had previously been featured on the cover for ABBA's 1976 album Arrival.
 * Switzerland
 * HB-XAE – Bell 47G-2 on static display at the Swiss Museum of Transport in Lucerne.
 * United Kingdom
 * G-AZYB (painted in former SABENA markings as OO-SHW) – Bell 47H on static display at the Helicopter Museum in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset. It supported a scientific expedition in Antarctica.
 * United States
 * N5H – Bell 47B on static display at the American Helicopter Museum & Education Center in West Chester, Pennsylvania.
 * N3H – Bell 47 on static display at the Niagara Aerospace Museum in Niagara Falls, New York.
 * N116B – Bell 47B on static display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center of the National Air and Space Museum in Chantilly, Virginia.
 * N39KH – Bell 47D on static display at the Hiller Aviation Museum in San Carlos, California.
 * LV-AEE – Bell 47B-3 on static display at the Classic Rotors Museum in Ramona, California.
 * LV-AEF – Bell 47B-3 on static display at the Niagara Aerospace Museum in Niagara Falls, New York.
 * 82 – Bell 47D1 on static display at the Tellus Science Museum in Cartersville, Georgia.
 * N996B – Bell 47H-1 on static display at the Niagara Aerospace Museum in Niagara Falls, New York.
 * N8010E – Bell 47H on static display at the American Helicopter Museum & Education Center in West Chester, Pennsylvania.
 * Unknown ID – On static display at the American Helicopter Museum & Education Center in West Chester, Pennsylvania. It is a Bell 47D-1 that has converted to an H-13 and painted in "M*A*S*H"configuration.
 * Unknown ID – Bell 47D-1 on static display at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, New York.
 * Unknown ID – Bell 47 on static display at the Lawrence D. Bell Aircraft Museum in Mentone, Indiana.
 * Unknown ID – Bell 47 on static, climbable display at the Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium in Omaha, Nebraska.

Surviving aircraft

 * Austria
 * OE-XDM – Bell 47 G-3B-1T (a former United States Army TH-13T) airworthy with The Flying Bulls in Salzburg.

 * Australia
 * A1-402 - Bell 47 G former Australian Army 161 Independent Recce Flight on static display at HARS Parkes Aviation Museum

 * United States
 * N2490B – Bell 47G-2 airworthy at the EAA AirVenture Museum in Oshkosh, Wisconsin.
 * N7576 – Bell 47G-2A airworthy at the Classic Rotors Museum in Ramona, California.
 * N6356X – Continental Copters Bell 47G airworthy at the Mid America Flight Museum in Mount Pleasant, Texas.

title: Bell 47


text: User talk:202.5.6.33

title: User talk:202.5.6.33


text:
Gabriel Sénac de Meilhan

Gabriel Sénac de Meilhan (May 7, 1736 – August 16, 1803) was a French writer. He witnessed the beginning of the French Revolution in Paris, but soon emigrated in 1790 to London and then to Aachen. He wrote a novel, L'Émigré, in 1793. In 1792 he was invited by Catherine II of Russia to become the imperial historiographer, but Catherine was displeased by his manners and dismissed him.

Biography
Son of Jean-Baptiste de Sénac, physician to Louis XV, he was born in Versailles. He entered the civil service in 1762; two years later he bought the office of master of requests, and in 1766 further advanced his position by a rich marriage. He was successively intendant of La Rochelle, of Aix-en-Provence and of Valenciennes. In 1776 he became intendant-general for war, but was soon compelled to resign.

He had hoped to be made Minister of Finance, and was disappointed by the nomination of Necker, of whom he became a bitter opponent. He was intimate with the comtesse de Tess, sister of the duc de Choiseul, and in 1781 met Madame de Créquy, then sixty-seven years of age, and began a long friendship with her. His first book was the fictitious Mémoires d'Anne de Gonzague, princesse palatine (1786), thought by many people at the time to be genuine. In the next year followed the Considérations sur les richesses et le luxe, combating the opinions of Necker; and in 1788 the more valuable Considérations sur l'esprit et les mœurs, a book which abounds in sententious, but often excessively frank, sayings.

Sénac witnessed the beginnings of the French Revolution in Paris, but emigrated in 1790, making his way first to London, and then, in 1791, to Aachen, where he met Pierre Alexandre de Tilly, who asserts in his Memoirs that Sénac attributed the misfortunes of Louis XVI to the refusal of his own services. In 1793, while his recollections of the Revolution were still fresh, he wrote a novel, L'Émigré (Hamburg, 4 vols., 1797), which shows perspicacity and good judgment in its treatment of events. It was reprinted in 1904 in an abridged form by Casimir Stryienski and Frantz Funck-Brentano.

At the invitation of Catherine II, Sénac went in 1792 to Russia, where he hoped to become imperial historiographer, but his manners displeased Catherine, who contented herself with dismissing him with a pension. From Russia he went to Hamburg and thence to Vienna, where he found a friend in the prince de Ligne. He died in 1803 in Vienna.

Works
Sénac also wrote a moderate exposition of the causes that led to the Revolution, entitled Du gouvernement, des mœurs et des conditions en France avant la Révolution, avec les caractères des principaux personnages du règne de Louis XVI; the last part was reprinted (1813) by the duc de Levis with a notice of the author as Portraits & caractères. Sénac collected his own Œuvres philosophiques & litteraires (2 vols.) at Hamburg in 1795.

See his Œuvres choisies, edited by M. de Lescure in 1862; Lettres inédites de Madame de Créquy a Sénac de Meilhan (1856), edited by Édouard Fournier; Louis Legrand, Sénac de Meilhan & l'intendance du Hainaut & du Cambrsis (1868); and the notice by Fernand Caussy prefixed to his edition (1905) of the Considérations sur l'esprit riles mœurs.

title: Gabriel Sénac de Meilhan


text:
New York Underground Film Festival

The New York Underground Film Festival was an annual event that occurred each March at Anthology Film Archives in New York City from 1994 through 2008. It was founded by filmmakers Todd Phillips (Road Trip, Old School) and Andrew Gurland. After Phillips and Gurland turned the festival over to programmer Ed Halter, it became noted for documentary and experimental film programming, and occasionally courted controversy, particularly in its early years.

Some of these have included: premiering the North American Man/Boy Love Association (NAMBLA) documentary Chicken Hawk: Men Who Love Boys in 1994; premiering a film in 1995 that accused Quentin Tarantino of plagiarism; being protested by Reverend Fred Phelps in 2002 (apparently for not choosing to show a film about Phelps); and premiering a theatrical version of Brad Neely's Harry Potter parody Wizard People, Dear Reader, which eventually led to action by Warner Brothers to suppress future theatrical performances of the work.

Nevertheless, though the festival has remained a small affair, and has little value as a market, its programming has attained a certain prestige, especially among younger or more experimental filmmakers. The first year showcased the work of independent animator Bill Plympton. The New York Times described the event "as a collection of love and independence".

In February 2008 the festival organizers announced that, instead of passing on the torch to a younger generation—as has been the tradition—the 15th festival would be the last. Instead two of the former organizers intend to create a new festival under the name Migrating Forms (taking the name from a film by James Fotopoulos).

List of films shown

 * 15th festival, April 2–8, 2008
 * 14th festival, March 28 - April 3, 2007
 * 13th festival, March 8–14, 2006
 * 12th festival, March 9–15, 2005
 * 11th festival, March 10–16, 2004
 * 10th festival, March 5–11, 2003
 * 9th festival, March 6–12, 2002
 * 8th festival, March 7–13, 2001
 * 7th festival, March 8–14, 2000
 * 6th festival, March 10–14, 1999
 * 5th festival, March 18–22, 1998
 * 4th festival, March 19–23, 1997
 * 3rd festival, March 20–24, 1996

References and links

 * Official website for the New York Underground Film Festival
 * Official website for Migrating Forms
 * indieWIRE article on 10th NYUFF
 * Festival Review: Mining Gold at the New York Underground
 * Village Voice article on Fred Phelps protest
 * Official site for Mike White
 * Illegal Art site for Wizard People, Dear Readers (with further links)

title: New York Underground Film Festival


text:
Bless the Martyr and Kiss the Child

Bless the Martyr and Kiss the Child is the debut studio album by American metalcore band Norma Jean, released on August 13, 2002 by Solid State Records. It is the band's only album to feature bassist Joshua Doolittle and vocalist Josh Scogin, the latter of whom later became the lead vocalist of The Chariot.

Background
The band previously released a studio album, Throwing Myself, under the name of Luti-Kriss. The band changed their name due to keyboardist Mick Bailey and bassist Josh Swafford leaving and also wanted to go in a different musical direction (the band played a nu metal/metalcore hybrid ).

Older recordings of the songs "I Used to Hate Cellphones, But Now I Hate Car Accidents" and "The Shotgun Message" were released on a split album with mewithoutYou.

The entire album was recorded live with very few overdubs. The booklet insert claims that the CD was produced entirely without the use of computers.

On the Limited Edition, the song "Pretty Soon, I Don't Know What, but Something Is Going to Happen" features a sample from the 1998 film π, directed by Darren Aronofsky. The song "Face:Face" draws inspiration from Proverbs 30.

Release
The album was released on August 13, 2002 through Solid State Records. Music videos were released for the songs "Memphis Will Be Laid to Waste" and "Face:Face". In the music video for "Memphis Will Be Laid to Waste" it featured touring vocalist Brad Norris and new bassist Jake Schultz instead of Scogin and Doolittle, who had already left the band. Aaron Weiss of mewithoutYou appears on the track "Memphis Will be Laid to Waste" courtesy of Tooth & Nail Records. "Memphis..." had a music video featuring a curious story concept featuring subtitles. It aired on Uranium and Headbangers Ball upon its release.

Reception
Since its release, Bless the Martyr and Kiss the Child has received critical acclaim and is often regarded a landmark in the metalcore genre, often being regarded as one of the best album's released in the genre.

Jason D. Taylor of Allmusic awarded the album 4 out of 5 stars. Taylor praised the band's "blast of macabre hardcore/metal" and the production by Adam Dutkiewicz. Mike Rimmer of Cross Rhythms gave the album 9 out of 10, saying it was "an hour of unrelenting guitar noise". Greg Pratt of Exclaim! compared Norma Jean to the likes of Zao and Living Sacrifice, while praising the progressive metalcore sound of the album and said the album is a must for anyone who is a fan of heavy music. Jesusfreakhideout's Andy Kelly said the album signaled "the hardcore revolution" with a "technically and musically astounding offering". Kelly concluded his review by stating "hardcore just does not get much better than this."

Personnel

 * Norma Jean
 * Josh Scogin – Lead vocals
 * Christopher Day – Rhythm guitar
 * Scottie Henry – Lead Guitar, backing vocals
 * Joshua Doolittle – Bass
 * Daniel Davison – Drums
 * Additional personnel
 * Produced by Adam Dutkiewicz and Norma Jean
 * Mastered by Alan Douches
 * Additional vocals, Piano, guitar, and tambourine by Aaron Johnathan Weiss
 * A&R by Roy Culver
 * Photography by David Stuart

Videos

 * 1) "Memphis Will Be Laid to Waste"
 * 2) "Face:Face"

title: Bless the Martyr and Kiss the Child


text:
Talk:Wolfgang Puck

Wolfgang
I would like to know if Wolfgang can answer this questing from my wife can use self rising flower — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.45.88.150 (talk) 23:21, 19 October 2020 (UTC)

Wolfgang pull air fryer
I have purchased 2 of your air fryer and they both have stopped working in less than a year and when I try to contact costumer service they seem to avoid me, but I’m going to try one last time to see if they will accommodate me, this air fryer was not cheap. Judis 72.46.1.220 (talk) 13:41, 13 February 2022 (UTC)

Air fryer
My fryer quit working after a couple of weeks. I contacted warranty company and a month later I am still waiting for my replacement.

I am getting pretty tired of waiting. Paid a lot of money for it and would like a refund. I know I will never get it. There has to be help out there somewhere. Maybe I’ll start with the better business bureau. 71.223.228.45 (talk) 19:47, 5 May 2022 (UTC)

Nonstick sauce pan
Nonstick is separating from the pan 66.103.234.123 (talk) 15:00, 4 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wolfgang Puck


text:
Bolbe

In Greek mythology, Bolbe (Ancient Greek: Βόλβη) was a beautiful lake goddess or nymph, who dwelled in a Macedonian lake of the same name (modern Lake Volvi). Like other lake gods and goddesses, Bolbe's offspring were Limnades, nymphs who live in freshwater lakes. According to Athenaeus, Bolbe was the mother of Olynthus by Heracles.

title: Bolbe


text:
Gudi Padwa

Gudi Padwa is a spring festival marking the start of the lunisolar new year for Marathi and Konkani Hindus. It is celebrated in and around Maharashtra, Goa & Damaon at the start of Chaitra, the first month of the lunisolar Hindu calendar. The festival is characterised by colourful floor decorations called rangoli, a special gudi dvaja; which is a saari or dhoti or other piece of cloth garlanded with flowers, mango & neem leaves; a sugar crystal garland called gathi, topped with upturned silver or copper vessels. Celebration also includes street gathering, dancing & festive foods.

In Maharashtra, the first day of the bright phase of the moon is called gudhi paadwaa (गुढी पाडवा), pādvo (ಪಾಡ್ಯ; Telugu: పాడ్యమి, paadyami). Konkani Hindus variously refer to the day as sausāra pāḍavo or sausāra pāḍyo (सौसार पाडवो and सौसार पाडयो, respectively). Telugu Hindus celebrate the same occasion as Ugadi, while Kannada Hindus in Karnataka refer to it as Yugadi (युगादि/ ಯುಗಾದಿ). Sindhi people celebrate the day as Cheti Chand, it is observed as the emergence of the day of Jhulelal. Prayers are offered to Jhulelal, and the festival is celebrated by making delicacies like tahiri (sweet rice) and sai bhaji.

However, this is not the universal new year for all Hindus. For some, such as those in and near Gujarat, the new year festivities coincide with the five-day Diwali festival. For many others, the new year falls on Vaisakhi between 13 and 15 April, according to the solar cycle part of the Hindu lunisolar calendar and this is by far the most popular not only among Hindus of the Indian subcontinent but also among Buddhists and Hindus of Southeast Asia.

Etymology
Gudi means 'flag'; according to Kittel, the term is of South Indian origin. The word pāḍavā is derived from the Sanskrit word pratipad for the first day of each fortnight in a lunar month, or the first day on which the moon appears after the "new moon" day (amāvāsya) and the first day after the full moon. A Gudhi is also hoisted on this occasion, giving this festival its name. The term padva or padavo is also associated with Balipratipada.

Significance
Gudi Padva signifies the arrival of spring and the reaping of rabi crops. The festival is linked to the day on which the Hindu god Brahma created time and the universe. To some, it commemorates the coronation of Rama in Ayodhya after his victory over Ravana, or the start of the Shalivahan calendar after he defeated the Huns in the first century. According to Anne Feldhaus, in rural Maharashtra, the festival is linked to Shiva's dance and the coming together of the community as they carry the Gudi Kavads together to a Shiva temple.

The guḍhī
During Gudi Padwa, gudi (or gudhi) are arranged at every household. It is a bright, colorful silk scarf-like cloth tied at the top of a long bamboo. On top of it, one or more boughs of neem and mango leaves are attached with a garland of flowers. It is capped with a silver, bronze, or copper pot (handi or kalash), signifying victory or achievement.

Some temples are located on the top of hills, and groups work together to help reach the kavad to the top.

Some of the significances attributed to raising a gudi are as follows:

 * It symbolises the victory of King Shalivahana and was hoisted by his people when he returned to Paithan.
 * It symbolises Brahma's flag mentioned in the Brahma Purana, and may also represent Indra's flag.
 * It is believed to ward off evil, invite prosperity and good luck into the house.

Festivities
Traditionally, families prepare a special dish that mixes various flavours, particularly the bitter leaves of the neem tree and sweet jaggery (gur, gul). Additional ingredients include sour tamarind and astringent dhane seeds. This, like the pacchadi recipe used in Ugadi festival, is eaten as a reminder of life's sweet and bitter experiences and a belief that the neem-based mixture has health benefits.

Other names
The festival is also known as
 * Cheti Chand among the Sindhi people
 * Navreh among the Kashmiri Pandits in Jammu and Kashmir
 * Pahela Baishakh among the Bengalis in West Bengal and Bangladesh
 * Puthandu among the Tamils in Tamil Nadu
 * Samvatsar Padvo among Hindu Konkanis of Goa and Konkani diaspora in Kerala
 * Vaisakhi or Baisakhi among the Punjabis in Punjab
 * Vishu among the Malayalis in Kerala
 * Ugadi among the south-Indian states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana

title: Gudi Padwa


text:
Talk:Gudi Padwa

Using Gudhi Padwa instead of Gudi Padwa
I went thru the original discussions on this, dated - 1 April 2019 on this page. Marathi word is गुढीपाडवा. Spelling Gudi Padwa transliterate to गुडी पाडवा.

Marathi language uses Devnagri Script. This wikipedia reference - Marathi language shows consonant ढ is pronounced as ḍha. So ढी becomes dhi. This makes spelling Gudhi accurate and not Gudi.

See the google translation of the word गुढीपाडवा - https://translate.google.com/#view=home&op=translate&sl=mr&tl=en&text=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE

We should make Gudhi Padwa as the main page and Gudi Padwa page would redirect to Gudhi Padwa. Right now its reverse. Because of Wikipedia using Gudi Padwa, wrong spelling is promoted through out the world as people think it as authentic source.

All the references on this page are using Gudhi, just the title is Gudi.

Don't refer to the wrong spelling used by media people or other references. Go with the science of pronunciation and transliteration.

Marathi Mandals outside of India are the ones who try to put it right:
 * https://allevents.in/events/philadelphia-marathi-mandal-gudhi-padwa-program/803575256413963
 * https://www.chicagomarathishala.com/news-and-events
 * http://www.orlandomarathi.com/announcements.html
 * https://www.mmtbusa.org/events-1
 * https://www.cmacalgary.ca/pages/
 * https://www.a2mm.org/
 * https://www.mmdet.org/membership/
 * https://www.mmsingapore.org/event-3313761/Registration
 * http://sanantoniomaharashtramandal.org/
 * https://www.mahamandalchicago.org/photo-2019/
 * http://www.mmmadison.org/events/events-pictures/gudhi-padwa-2009
 * http://utahmarathi.com/?s=gudhi

There is another wiki reference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathi_people for using Gudhi instead of Gudi.

Here are few books which use Gudhi Padwa. You may get references for Gudi Padwa in few books, but I feel those are influenced by Wiki :)

 * https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopaedia_of_India/fQB3Fkc3Tl4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=gudhi+padwa&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover
 * https://www.google.com/books/edition/Art_Culture/Co-WDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=gudhi+padwa&pg=PA323&printsec=frontcover
 * https://www.google.com/books/edition/Eva_and_Shiva/ZR-yDQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=gudhi+padwa&pg=PA81&printsec=frontcover
 * https://www.google.com/books/edition/Meri_Khoj_Ek_Bharat_Ki/6A9EZRQIT9kC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=gudhi+padwa&pg=PA105&printsec=frontcover
 * https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Ultimate_India_Quiz_Book/xc0DAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=gudhi+padwa&pg=PA208&printsec=frontcover
 * https://www.google.com/books/edition/Indian_States_At_A_Glance_2008_09_Perfor/oxRO_rCbGv8C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=gudhi+padwa&pg=PP35&printsec=frontcover
 * https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Pearson_Concise_General_Knowledge_Ma/zMIIvR6KXRcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=gudhi+padwa&pg=PP36&printsec=frontcover
 * https://www.google.com/books/edition/Concise_General_Knowledge_Manual/Nywer__WVHMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=gudhi+padwa&pg=PP36&printsec=frontcover

I would like to second this change. Gudhi Padwa should should be the main page instead of Gudi Padwa. archavan (talk) 02:47, 2 February 2023 (UTC)

Sade - Teen Muhurt
I have added this sub-head for the benfit of users, so that ordinary public not having the knowledge should not be misled. Hindu system of Muhurt is a vast knowledge, and should not be used with ignorance or by general rules which are having exceptions. I am author of "Hindu Electional Astrology" so feel like to educate the masses. Users may please see my contribution in electional astrology in wikipedia

--Shridhar

Padva: origin of the word
I am not sure how correct is the speculation about connection between Padva and Pradurbhu. As per my knowledge Padva originated from 'Pratipada' - first day of the fortnight. That is why Diwali also has one Padva.

Can you give reference to where you found the link between Padva and Pradurbhu? Also, Pardurbhu, just means to 'to come to exist'. It does not mean 'crop' or anything related to agriculture.

I was going to remove the mention but thought it is better to first put a note here and wait for a responce. --Kaveri 20:08, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

 * removed this text as nobody responded. Kaveri (talk) 17:53, 8 June 2008 (UTC)

Bali???
Rama never fought with Bali. He fought with Ravana. The source {A Maharashtrain Spring Festival Accessed on 4 March, 2007} is not WP:Rs.--Redtigerxyz (talk) 06:02, 6 April 2008 (UTC) __ Yes Ram fought Bali during his exile, to help Sugreev regain control of his kingdom. NK

Ram returning to Ayodhya
Is this festival celebrated to mark Ram's return to Ayodhya?

I have heard a version that ties the entire concept of Gudhi with Shalivahan and the rebellion against the Huns. yes Ram returned to ayodhya after defeating ravan and people celebrated it by raising gudi as signifcance of victory

Significance of Gudhi Padwa in other languages, states and people
I really don't get what is the significance of Gudhi Padwa in other languages, states and people here. Article should mention what it is all about. Secondly why ref points to blogs and non-reliable sources such as http://www.hindujagruti.org. Concept of Gudhi with Shalivahan is only in folk tales... there is no evidence of it as such. Bring any reliable source that claim that on this very day Shalivahan defeated Huns. -- Onef9day  Talk! 22:18, 19 August 2010 (UTC)

Spelling?
The article name is "Gudi Padwa", but the introduction uses "Gudhi Padwa"...which is correct? If both, shouldn't the introduction give both spellings?

Well, since 'Gudhi Padwa', is the official name, and the actually pronunciation too in Marathi, then page page name should begin with 'Gudhi..' and 'Gudi..' should redirect to this page, right? Besides, the introduction should contain both name as stated above. Sourabh.khot (talk) 17:47, 10 April 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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Requested move 1 April 2019

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: No consensus. This has been relisted once so per closing procedures I am satisfied with a no consensus closure. This is without prejudice to a speedy renomination provided that both the nominator and the discussion contributors base their arguments on article titling policy and the associated guidelines. (closed by non-admin page mover)  SITH   (talk)   11:22, 16 April 2019 (UTC)

Gudi Padwa → Gudhi Padwa – The words Gudhi and Gudi are not the same. The festival originates in Maharashtra and is known by Gudhi Padwa. So it should be Gudhi instead of Gudi Prat1212 (talk) 19:51, 1 April 2019 (UTC) --Relisting. Iffy★Chat 08:20, 9 April 2019 (UTC)

 * NO - Nowhere in the news or any article, Gudhi is used. Keep it Gudi Padwa only. Thanks for your personal interest in promoting Maharashtra, but the fact remains the same, its GUDI PADWA, not Gudhi Padwa. Shobhit Gosain  Talk 03:52, 4 April 2019 (UTC)

 * YES- It's not about the promotion of any kind. It should be stated as it is- GUDHI PADWA. Why change the original name if a certain section of a society cannot pronounce it? And do you think the media people care enough to go to the truth of something? No. They rely on Google. And in turn on Wikipedia. So keep your promotion mindset aside, and learn to go to the root, rather than blabbing about what media says. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Prat1212 (talk • contribs) 11:07, 8 April 2019 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Saundarya
Beauty of Gudi Padwa 's Celebrations 114.79.185.160 (talk) 13:17, 12 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gudi Padwa