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Grupo Modelo

Grupo Modelo is a large brewery in Mexico that exports beer to most countries of the world. Its export brands include Corona, Modelo, and Pacífico. Grupo Modelo also brews brands that are intended solely for the domestic Mexican market and has exclusive rights in Mexico for the import and distribution of beer produced by Anheuser-Busch. Until the 1960s, Grupo Modelo used red poppy flowers in most of its advertising.

On June 12, 2008, The Wall Street Journal stated that Anheuser-Busch InBev, which owned a non-controlling 50% stake in the company, might attempt to acquire the remaining 50%. On June 29, 2012, it was announced that Anheuser-Busch InBev would acquire the remaining 50% stake for an all-cash price of $20.1 billion. On January 31, 2013, the US Department of Justice filed an antitrust suit in an attempt to prevent the buyout. The matter was settled, and the two companies merged in June 2013, with the transfer of all United States rights to Constellation Brands. As a result, all the company's brands are made (in Mexico) by an unrelated company. In the United States, Grupo Modelo brands are distributed by Constellation Brands.

In May 2023, Modelo Especial became the top selling beer in the United States by retail sales volume, surpassing Bud Light. While both beers are owned by the same parent company outside of the United States, the Modelo brand is owned by Constellation Brands in the US and therefore is not affiliated with AB InBev.

Prior ownership
María Asunción Aramburuzabala, known as Mariasun, is Mexico's second-wealthiest woman and inherited her stake in Grupo Modelo.

Grupo Modelo
Grupo Modelo began in 1925, and its founders were a group of twenty-five Spanish immigrants among whom stood out: Braulio Iriarte, owner of bakeries and Molino Euzkaro, in Mexico City, and Martín Oyamburu, industrialist, banker and landowner, founder of Hulera Euzkadi, Banco Crédito Español de México, S.A., and oil fields in the Veracruz area and dairy ranches in the Lindavista area, inaugurated the Modelo Brewery, and three years later the marketing of the Modelo, Negra Modelo and Corona brands would begin, which In 1928 they reached 8 million bottles sold.

Grupo Modelo is the leader in Mexico in beer production, distribution and marketing, with 63.0% of the total (domestic and export) market share, as of December 31, 2008. It has seven brewing plants in Mexico, with a total annual installed capacity of 60 million hectoliters. It is the importer of Anheuser-Busch InBev's products in Mexico, including Budweiser, Bud Light and O'Doul's. It also imports the Chinese Tsingtao Brewery brand and the Danish beer Carlsberg. Through a partnership with Nestlé Waters, it produces and distributes in Mexico the bottled water brands Sta. María and Nestlé Pureza Vital, among others.

Corona

The main Corona brand is Corona Extra, a 4.5% alcohol by volume pale lager. It is the top selling beer from Mexico and is one of the top five selling beers worldwide. Available in over 150 countries, it is also Mexico's leading export brand. It was first brewed in 1925 by Cervecería Modelo on the tenth anniversary of the brewery. In 1926 the brewery decided to package the beer in clear glass quarter bottles. In 1997, Corona Extra became the top-selling imported beer in the United States, surpassing Heineken.

Corona Extra is available in a variety of bottle sizes, ranging from the 250 ml ampolleta (labeled Coronita and referred to as the cuartito) up to the 940 ml Corona Familiar (known as the Familiar or Litro). Corona Mega is now available in a 1.2 liter bottle. A draught version also exists, as does canned Corona in some markets.

Unlike many beers, Corona is bottled in a clear bottle, increasing the opportunity for spoilage. Exposure to sunlight or light from fluorescent bulbs such as those used in refrigerated display cases significantly damages the taste of beer, yielding a taste that is often described as "skunky". This is the result of the essential hop oils spoiling due to UV exposure.

The second Corona brand is Corona Light, the first light beer produced by this brewer. Corona Light has 3.4% alcohol by volume, 99 cal, per 355 ml bottle.

Pacífico

Pacífico is a 4.5% abv pale lager originally brewed in Mazatlán, Sinaloa. The name means Pacific. The picture on the bottle is the city's lighthouse, for which it is famous, surrounded by a ring buoy. A light variety was launched in 2008.

Modelo Especial
First bottled in 1925, Modelo Especial, a 4.4% abv pilsner-style lager, was the number two imported beer in the U.S. by case sales in 2014, selling 22.9 million annually. In June 2023 the beer became the best-selling beer in the United States amid the 2023 Anheuser-Busch boycott. Modelo Especial is most commonly served in 355 ml glass bottles although in some countries can be found in 12 USoz cans.

Modelo Light
Modelo Light is a light lager that was first produced in 1994.

Modelo Negra
Modelo Negra or Negra Modelo is a 5.4% abv Dunkel-style lager first brewed in Mexico by Austrian immigrants, and was introduced as a draft beer in 1926. Modelo Negra comes in an unusually shaped, wide brown bottle with a trademark gold label. Modelo Negra is most commonly served in 355ml glass bottles.

Modelo Reserva
Modelo Reserva ('Reserve') is Modelo Especial finished on aged wood from tequila barrels. It is a German Pilsner made in Mexico with a 5.5% ABV.

Victoria
Victoria is a 4% abv Vienna lager first brewed in Toluca, México, in 1865 by Compañía Toluca y México. Grupo Modelo bought out Compañía Toluca y México in 1935.

It is generally sold in standard 325 ml bottles and 940 ml familiares; a smaller 150 ml bottle exists, but it is rare. The labels of all its presentations depict Gambrinus holding aloft a frothing mug.

Victoria beer is available in six, twelve, and twenty-four pack bottles in 39 states.

Estrella Jalisco
Estrella ("star" in Spanish) is a pilsner beer produced in the Guadalajara Modelo plant and can be found in all of Mexico. Estrella was first produced in the late 19th century by Cervecería Estrella (currently known as Cervecería Modelo de Guadalajara), that Grupo Modelo acquired in 1954.

León
León is a Munich-type dark amber-colored beer, that mixes a sweetness with light bitterness, and a white foam. The León brand was first launched into the market in the early 1900s, its origin is traced back to the southeast region of Mexico, over the years it has become popular throughout the country.

Extra and Modelorama
Grupo Modelo is the owner of the Extra convenience store chain. Extra boasts 2,100 outlets in Mexico and is a part of Grupo Modelo's vertically integrated model of both producing and selling beer.

After the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the company has established a new concept named "Modelorama Now" in which beer, snacks and soda are delivered to homes after being ordered online on their website.

title: Grupo Modelo


text:
User:Astronautics~enwiki/Louis-Albert Cardinal Vachon

Louis-Albert Cardinal Vachon (born February 4, 1912) is a Roman Catholic cardinal and Archbishop Emeritus of Québec. He became a cardinal on May 25, 1985.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Ariane

Ariane may refer to:

 * Ariana (name), also Ariane, Arianne

Arts

 * Ariane (Martinů), an opera by Bohuslav Martinů, first performed 1961
 * Ariane (Massenet), an opera by Jules Massenet, first performed 1906
 * Ariane (film), a 1931 German film directed by Paul Czinner
 * Ariane Films, a former French film production company
 * Ariane, a play by Thomas Corneille (1625–1709)
 * Ariane, the name of the 1957 film Love in the Afternoon in French speaking markets

Transportation

 * Simca Ariane, a French car by Simca, 1957–1963
 * Ariane (automobile), a French car by Automobiles Ariane, 1907
 * French ship Ariane, the name of several French ships
 * Ariane (rocket family), European rockets operated by Arianespace

Other uses

 * Ariane (apple), an apple cultivar
 * 1225 Ariane, an asteroid
 * Ariane, a brand name of the antiandrogen rezvilutamide
 * Tour Ariane (Ariane Tower), an office building west of Paris

title: Ariane


text: Talk:Ariane

title: Talk:Ariane


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American Society for the Defense of Tradition, Family and Property

The American Society for the Defense of Tradition, Family and Property, also known as The American TFP, and legally incorporated as The Foundation for a Christian Civilization, Inc. is a Traditionalist Catholic American advocacy group. It is an autonomous organization which forms part of the larger social conservative, anticommunist and monarchist international Tradition, Family, Property (TFP) movement founded by Brazilian intellectual, politician, and activist Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira.

History
Founded in 1973, it is one of many "Tradition, Family and Property" groups (TFPs) and like-minded organizations worldwide, all of which are inspired by the work of the Brazilian intellectual, politician, and activist Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira. The first American group was incorporated in 1975 and established its first hermitage in 1977 in Yonkers, New York. The Yonkers location was subsequently closed and the hermits establishing their permanent hermitage on 70 acres in Spring Grove, Pennsylvania.

The Foundation for a Christian Civilization ("Foundation") was incorporated in 1973, drawing on earlier ties between Brazilians, who traveled to the US to develop a North American affiliate. The American TFP developed early connections with leaders of the religious and political right, including Paul Weyrich of The Heritage Foundation and the Free Congress Foundation and Morton Blackwell of the College Republican National Committee and the Reagan administration. Founded to help fundraising for a Catholic counterrevolution against left-wing ideologies and communism, it subsequently became a civil cultural organization that aims to uphold and promote what they consider to be the values of Christian civilization. The Foundation later merged in June 1992 with American TFP to form a single corporation identified as The Foundation for a Christian Civilization.

Organization
The organization solicits funds as a non-profit charity, not as a diocesan organization." Its annual public reports to the Internal Revenue Service indicate that between 2002 and 2014 it disbursed $1,800,000 to support the St. Louis de Montfort Academy and $1,500,000 to support related organizations in North and South America, most significantly Canada Needs Our Lady, Associação dos Fundadores and the Tradición y Acción organizations of Colombia and Peru.

Activities
TFP has continued its ties with the political right as a participating sponsor of the Conservative Political Action Conference, and by signing statements issued by the Heartland Institute that opposed housing finance reform legislation, and discussions of climate change in comprehensive energy legislation and in the State Department funding authorization.

TFP Student Action is the university campus outreach of the TFP. Its activities include distributing fliers and other literature on the streets of universities, sponsoring speakers on campuses, hosting student conferences, and organizing protests and petitions, especially against abortion and LGBT student groups at Catholic universities. Its most recent campaign is against the 96 Catholic colleges and universities that allow LGBT student groups. In April 2009, volunteers of TFP Student Action traveled to the major cities of New Hampshire and Maine to distribute literature against same-sex marriage.

The American TFP provides the staff to run Saint Louis de Montfort Academy, a boys' boarding school in Herndon, Pennsylvania, that provides students with a traditional Catholic education. It also operates Call to Chivalry summer camps, which express Oliveira's view of nobility, chivalry, and the benefits of the feudal past.

The Return to Order campaign is an offshoot of the US Foundation for a Christian Civilisation. In 2019, it organized a petition against the Good Omens miniseries as mocking God's wisdom and making Satanism appear normal, light, and acceptable, but they targeted the petition at Netflix rather than Amazon Prime Video which distributes the series. In 2021, they staged a protest at the 59th New York Film Festival due to the festival showing the Paul Verhoeven film Benedetta, which they deemed blasphemous for its portrayal of lesbianism within the confines of a convent.

Criticism
The American TFP has been cited in several articles by the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) for their anti-LGBT views. According to the SPLC the TFP is a "virulently anti-LGBT".

Jesuit priest James Martin, referring to the American TFP and to the organization Church Militant commented that “These online extremist hate groups are now more powerful than local churches”.


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Phosphorus tribromide

Phosphorus tribromide is a colourless liquid with the formula PBr3. The liquid fumes in moist air due to hydrolysis and has a penetrating odour. It is used in the laboratory for the conversion of alcohols to alkyl bromides.

Preparation
PBr3 is prepared by treating red phosphorus with bromine. An excess of phosphorus is used in order to prevent formation of PBr5:
 * P4 + 6 Br2  →  4 PBr3

Because the reaction is highly exothermic, it is often conducted in the presence of a diluent such as PBr3. Phosphorus tribromide is also generated in situ from red phosphorus and bromine.

Reactions
Phosphorus tribromide, like PCl3 and PF3, has both properties of a Lewis base and a Lewis acid. For example, with a Lewis acid such as boron tribromide it forms stable 1 :1 adducts such as Br3B · PBr3. At the same time PBr3 can react as an electrophile or Lewis acid in many of its reactions, for example with amines.

An important reaction of PBr3 is with alcohols, where it replaces an OH group with a bromine atom to produce an alkyl bromide. All three bromides can be transferred.
 * PBr3 + 3 (CH3)2CHCH2OH  →  3 (CH3)2CHCH2Br  +  HP(O)(OH)2

Several detailed procedures are available. In some cases, triphenylphosphine/Br2 is superior to PBr3.

The mechanism for a primary alcohol involves formation of a phosphorous ester (to form a good leaving group), followed by an SN2 substitution.
 * [[Image:PBr3 alcohol rxn.svg|600px]]

Because of the SN2 substitution step, the reaction generally works well for primary and secondary alcohols, but fails for tertiary alcohols. If the reacting carbon centre is chiral, the reaction usually occurs with inversion of configuration at the carbon alpha to the alcohol, as is usual with an SN2 reaction.

In a similar reaction, PBr3 also converts carboxylic acids to acyl bromides:
 * PBr3 + 3 RCO2H  →  3 RCOBr  + HP(O)(OH)2

Applications
The main use for phosphorus tribromide is for conversion of primary or secondary alcohols to alkyl bromides, as described above. PBr3 usually gives higher yields than hydrobromic acid, and it avoids problems of carbocation rearrangement- for example even neopentyl bromide can be made from the alcohol in 60% yield.

Another use for PBr3 is as a catalyst for the α-bromination of carboxylic acids. Although acyl bromides are rarely made in comparison with acyl chlorides, they are used as intermediates in Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky halogenation. Initially PBr3 reacts with the carboxylic acid to form the acyl bromide, which is more reactive towards bromination. The overall process can be represented as

 * [[Image:PBr3 HVZ rxn.png|350px]]

On a commercial scale, phosphorus tribromide is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals such as alprazolam, methohexital and fenoprofen. It is also a potent fire suppression agent marketed under the name PhostrEx.

Phosphorus tribromide is used for doping in microelectronics.

Precautions
PBr3 evolves corrosive HBr, which is toxic, and reacts violently with water and alcohols.

 * PBr3 + 3 H2O → H3PO3 + 3 HBr

In reactions that produce phosphorous acid as a by-product, when working up by distillation be aware that this can decompose above about 160 °C to give phosphine which can cause explosions in contact with air.

title: Phosphorus tribromide


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Karpas

Karpas (כַּרְפַּס) is one of the traditional rituals in the Passover Seder. It refers to the vegetable, usually parsley or celery, that is dipped in liquid (usually salt water) and eaten. Other customs are to use raw onion, or boiled potato. Some say the word comes from the Greek karpos (καρπός) meaning a fresh raw vegetable. It is more likely though that it is related to the Persian "karafs" meaning celery (Persian: کرفس). The standard pronunciation karpas may be a corruption which developed due to a misidentification between this and a similar word found in Esther 1:6 which means fine linen, originally though it was pronounced "karafs". The karpas is traditionally placed on the seder plate on the left side, below the roasted egg. The liquid is usually salt water or wine vinegar. The idea behind the salt water is to symbolize the salty tears that the Jews shed in their slavery in Egypt.

One reason given for dipping a vegetable into saltwater is to provoke children to ask about it, as per the theme of the Seder night that the story is to be recounted by way of question and answer. Dipping a vegetable prior to the main meal is not usually done at other occasions, and thus arouses the curiosity of the children. There is a second ceremonial dipping later in the Seder, when maror is dipped into the charoset. Hence one of the Four Questions, traditionally sung by the youngest at the Seder table, asks why "on all other nights we do not dip vegetables even once, on this night, we dip twice."

Some have explained the dipping of the Karpas into salt water to symbolize Joseph's tunic being dipped into blood by his brothers. Karpas is therefore done at the beginning of the seder, just as Joseph's tunic being dipped into blood began the Israelites' descent to Egypt. Indeed, the Greek word 'karpos' is very similar to the Hebrew loan word from Old Persian 'karpas' meaning fine linen. The second dipping some say reminds us of the dipping of hyssop into lambs blood and painted on the doorposts so the angel of death would passover that house.

title: Karpas


text: Category:92 BC deaths

title: Category:92 BC deaths


text:
User talk:Chemenmaj

Hey, what's up?

title: User talk:Chemenmaj


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MIPT

MIPT can refer to:

 * Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
 * National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism
 * MiPT, N-Methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine
 * Male Iron Pipe Thread, see Gender of connectors and fasteners

title: MIPT


text: User talk:83.219.97.38

title: User talk:83.219.97.38


text:
Live in Tokyo

Live in Tokyo may refer to:

Albums

 * Live in Tokyo, by Miriam Makeba, 1968
 * Live in Tokyo (Gary Burton album), 1971
 * Live in Tokyo (Weather Report album), 1972
 * Live in Tokyo (The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra album), 1974
 * Live in Tokyo (Charles Tolliver album), 1974
 * Live in Tokyo (Barry Harris album), 1976
 * Live in Tokyo (Charles McPherson album), 1976
 * Live in Tokyo (Jimmy Raney album), 1976
 * Live in Tokyo, by Jim Hall, 1976
 * Live in Tokyo, by Amazing Blondel, 1977
 * Live in Tokyo (Wishbone Ash album), 1979
 * Live In Tokyo (Public Image Limited album), 1983
 * Live in Tokyo, by Psychic TV, 1986
 * Live in Tokyo, by Shellac, 1994
 * Man-Tora! Live in Tokyo, by the Manhattan Transfer, 1996
 * Cha Cha 2000 - Live in Tokyo 1996 Vol. 1, by La! Neu?, 1998
 * Live in Tokyo 1996 Vol. 2, by La! Neu?, 1999
 * Live in Tokyo (Hughes Turner Project album), 2002
 * Live in Tokyo (Brad Mehldau album), 2004
 * Live in Tokyo 25th November 2005, by Underworld, 2005
 * Live in Tokyo, by Swing Out Sister, 2005
 * G3: Live in Tokyo, 2005
 * Live in Tokyo (Stevie Ray Vaughan album), 2006
 * Live in Tokyo, by Fazıl Say, 2006
 * Live in Tokyo, by Wig Wam, 2007

Videos

 * Images and Words: Live in Tokyo, by Dream Theater, 1993
 * Live in Tokyo, by Queensrÿche, 1985

title: Live in Tokyo


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Sergio Berlato

Sergio Berlato (born 27 July 1959) is an Italian politician from Veneto.

Biography
Berlato was born in Vicenza. A long-time representative of the hunters' lobby, in the 1990 regional election Berlato was elected to the Regional Council of Veneto for the Hunting Fishing Environment list (Lista Caccia Pesca Ambiente), which under his leadership gained 1.5% of the votes and 1 seat in Province of Vicenza. Between 1994 and 1995 he also served as regional minister in the government led by Aldo Bottin.

Re-elected in 1995 for National Alliance (Alleanza Nazionale) as regional councilor from the Vicenza's constituency, Berlato was appointed Minister of Agricolture in Galan I Government until 19 July 1999 when he resigned because in June 1999 he became MEP for the first time. In 1999, 2004 and 2009 Berlato was thrice elected to the European Parliament (for National Alliance in 1999 and 2004, for its successor The People of Freedom in 2009). In the EP Berlato was member of the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development. He was also a substitute of the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety, a member of the Delegation for relations with Australia and New Zealand and a substitute of the Delegation for relations with People's China.

In late 2013 when The People of Freedom (Il Popolo della Libertà) was dissolved Berlato became a member of Forza Italia, but after some disputes with Berlusconi he left the party in 2014 and he run for re-election in the 2014 EP election with the Giorgia Meloni's Brothers of Italy (Fratelli d'Italia), but that party failed to pass the 4.00% electoral threshold at national level and Berlato lose his seat. In 2015 Berlato returned with Brothers of Italy to the Regional Council after 16 years. In the 2019 EP election he was candidate for North-East Italy with the Meloni's party associated with European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR), but Berlato took his seat only after Brexit.

title: Sergio Berlato


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Hemiaminal

In organic chemistry, a hemiaminal (also carbinolamine) is a functional group or type of chemical compound that has a hydroxyl group and an amine attached to the same carbon atom: \sC(OH)(NR2)\s. R can be hydrogen or an alkyl group. Hemiaminals are intermediates in imine formation from an amine and a carbonyl by alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution. Hemiaminals can be viewed as a blend of aminals and geminal diol. They are a special case of amino alcohols.

Classification according to amine precursor
Hemiaminals form from the reaction of an amine and a ketone or aldehyde. The hemiaminal is sometimes isolable, but often they spontaneously dehydrate to give imines.

Addition of ammonia
The adducts formed by the addition of ammonia to aldehydes have long been studied. Compounds containing both a primary amino group and a hydroxyl group bonded to the same carbon atom are rarely stable, as they tend to dehydrate to form imines which polymerise to hexamethylenetetramine. A rare stable example is the adduct of ammonia and hexafluoroacetone, (CF3)2C(OH)NH2.

The C-substituted derivatives are obtained by reaction of aldehydes and ammonia:

Addition of primary amines
N-substituted derivatives are somewhat stable. They are invoked but rarely observed as intermediates in the Mannich reaction. These N,N',N '' -trisubstituted hexahydro-1,3,5-triazines arise from the condensation of the amine and formaldehyde as illustrated by the route to 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane:

Although adducts generated from primary amines or ammonia are usually unstable, the hemiaminals have been trapped in a cavity.

Addition of secondary amines: carbinolamines (hemiaminals) and bisaminomethanes
One of the simplest reactions entails condensation of formaldehyde and dimethylamine. This reaction produces first the carbinolamine (a hemiaminal) and bis(dimethylamino)methane (Me = CH3):

The reaction of formaldehyde with  carbazole, which is weakly basic, proceed similarly:
 * CarbazoleFormaldehydeReaction.png

Again, this carbinol converts readily to the methylene-linked bis(carbazole).

Hemiaminal ethers
Hemiaminal ethers have the following structure: R‴-C(NR'2)(OR")-R⁗. The glycosylamines are examples of cyclic hemiaminal ethers.

Use in total synthesis
Hemiaminal formation is a key step in an asymmetric total synthesis of saxitoxin:

 * Hemiaminalformationinsaxitoxinsynthesis.png

In this reaction step the alkene group is first oxidized to an intermediate acyloin by action of osmium(III) chloride, oxone (sacrificial catalyst) and sodium carbonate (base).

title: Hemiaminal


text: User talk:67.23.165.28

title: User talk:67.23.165.28


text:
Talk:Bitola

Country name
Wasn't naming of the country solved already elsewhere? If not, then the name use by the people of Macedonia should be used and disputes left to article about the state. Pavel Vozenilek 18:20, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Obtielj = Bitola is the reading of original Beitola the other way around or from reverse. The present name is from Ottoma era "Beitola" which from Arabaic means the House of God. In fact, when the Ottomans conquered the city, they found it like the House of God. Given that the name of God in Arabic is Allah, and of the Kabba "Beit-Allah", then it is clear what Beit-A(o)lla means. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.28.125.187 (talk) 23:21, 28 September 2014 (UTC)

Greeks in Monastiri
The existance of Greeks in Monastiri/Bitola is not a political game. It is a fact. Greeks of Monastiri live not because of a political dispute. They live in Monastiri as their grand grand parents for over 4.000 years. I don't think they live in Monastiri only for causing political disputes. They just exist.

 * According to the latest census held in 2002, There are 95 385 people living in Bitola, 84 616 (nearly 90%) are Macedonians,followed by Albanians - 4164 (nearly 4%), Romas (2613), Turks (1160), Vlachs(1270), Serbs (541) and there are 550 citizens that declared themselves as "Other". Even if all of them are Greeks, it represents 0.5 % of the total population of Bitola, so there is no evidence that there is some significant number of Greeks living in the city today. They just don't exist:) MatriX (talk) 09:49, 23 February 2009 (UTC)

The main evidence is the "Republic of Macedonia" policy. During the last 10 years a lot of Greeks are terrorised by the "Republic of Macedonia" police. These are described in the European Court of Hague. Greeks are not free to declare their Greek identity. Another reason is that as they are forced by the authorities to declare "Macedonians", actually they say the truth. Because they are Macedonians indeed, although the term "Macedonian" has a different meaning for the Greeks. They are just Macedonian Greeks (like Cretan Greeks, Peloponnessian Greeks etc.). If there was freedom and democracy in the "Republic of Macedonia" we could see the actual number of the Greeks.Chrusts 09:21, 3 March 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Pyraechmes (talk • contribs)

I live myself in Monastiri,and there was never Greeks around the present Republic of Macedonia.This is an attempt by Dora Bakoyanis,to trigger violence,for an apparent Greek minority in my country...I think you guys confused Greeks with Vlachs,and I'm one of them...So there you go,bye... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 115.64.173.237 (talk) 09:18, 1 June 2010 (UTC)

Second largest city
Pulvis angelus, you are mixing a town with a municipality. Bitola is the second largest town in Macedonia after Skopje and third largest municipality after Kumanovo. Lets see the data presented from the census in 1991: Then the municipality of Bitola had a population of 122,173 and the municipality of Kumanovo had 135.529. But, please notice that in the table is described the ratio between the city population (69.251) and in the farmers (66.278), in other words, about a half of the Kumanovo municipality citizens lived in the villages. So, in that period Kumanovo had approximately 70 000 citizens. Also, notice that the city population on the census performed in 1994 dropped to 66.237 (you can see that in the same article). The cituation in municipality of Bitola is much different because the population that live in the villages is much smaller than the population that live in the town. You can also check the following data from the 1994 census (click on the picture): Bitola 13:21, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

 * This is pure original research. No data to back Bitola being 2nd largest.   /FunkyFly.talk _   16:23, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

Name
Bitola is the name used by the people of Macedonia. Also, I think that this article has a lot of Albanian POV. Somebody with better knowledge of the city history should check this. User:PANONIAN
 * According to the article, it appears that the name Obitelj/Bitola is older than Monastiri. If this is so, then Monastiri is presumably a translation of Obitelj and is not derived from the number of churches. Rather, Obitelj'' is possibly derived from the many churches. This shiould be clarified, if possible, or the mention of the churches removed. Andreas 14:03, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

 * There is currently a revert war between editors claiming that the Greek name Monastiri came first and editors claiming that the synonymous Slavic name Obitel came first. Instead of just reverting back and forth, it would be more productive to provide documentation for these claims.  If there are good arguments on both sides, then NPOV says that both should be documented. --Macrakis 23:21, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

Finally to hear something reasonable. Because I created the recent look of the article, I'm feeling responsible what will stay in it. My actions are not done based on my personal feelings; instead, I used several different historical sources. According to almost every source I found so far, Bitola as a settlement was established by the Macedonian Slavs that shifted in this area in the VI century:,. Regarding the name, it is considered that the current official name have been gradually derived from the old Slavonic word Obitel. So far, I found two different meanings for the word, the first one tells that it means a monastery, monastery place or monastery settlement and the second one tells that it means a family or house, an area of living. Very interesting fact that supports the second meaning is that the modern Serbian/Croatian word for family is Obitelj (I’m not sure for the other Slavic languages as Russian and Bulgarian):,. Maybe the truth lies (as always) in between, probably the word means a Christian/monastery community, family:. However, you can notice that this word is not directly derived from the Greek word Monastery (Obitel and Monastery as words have completely different structures). According to every source I found so far in the written literature I had, the Byzantium sources called the town Butela, Butelion, Botila, Botili, even Pelagonia as it is stated in Britannica. I believed that the naming section satisfies both sides, because it provides the description of the Slavic word Obitel, as well as the fact that the Turkish, official name of the city before 1913 was Monastiri, derived from the Greek word for monastery (although we have no source for this claim). I also tried to explain that on the user:Miskin, Andreas and user:Hectorian talk pages. Unfortunately, some users don't know nothing else than mercilessly reverting what I have built not easily and in a really good faith. Even Latinus is now searching a way to block me from editing. If that will satisfy you, then please, go on, maybe if we Macedonians give up from editing (I must admit that I'm considering that option seriously), you can freely write everything you want, regardless if that is true or not. Bitola 01:23, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * What are you talking about? If you look at what the Columbia Encyclopedia says, it does not say that it was founded by Slavs, nor does Britannica. It mentions its existance before the Slavic arrivals. You are interpreting it the way you would like to believe it was. This is all speculation as Macrakis correctly notes. Your version is original research. In fact, Columbia says that its former name was Monastir and does not say, nor imply that it was ever called Bitola or anything similar prior to that. What is your source that says that it was called Bitola in the 6th century? --Latinus 01:47, 17 March 2006 (UTC)
 * It could be that the Turkish name comes from the Northern Greek dialect where unstressed /i/ has disappeared. Andreas 02:12, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Ok, but what is wrong then? I already left in the article that the Turkish name probably was translation of the greek word. But, why are you reverting the first paragraph where I describe the recent, official name of the city? The fact that the recent name of the city origins from the old Slavic word is a common fact:,,. Why you always have a need to complicate the things? Bitola 02:19, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Let us see what is agreed on and what is not.
 * Agreed:
 * That the names Bitolj (Serbian) and Bitola (Macedonian) have been used during most of the 20th century (I would guess, but am not sure, that the official name was changed to Bitolj immediately after the Balkan Wars).
 * That the Ottoman name was Monastir. (Hence the Columbia Enc. statement that its "former" name was Monastir.)
 * That Monastir is derived from the Greek name Monastiri, either because of Greek dialectal phonology or the borrowing into Turkish.
 * That Bitola/Obitel and Monastir/Monastiri mean the same thing.
 * Unclear:
 * The relationship between Heraclea Lyncestis and Bitola/Monastiri. Had Heraclea completely disappeared?  Was Bitola/Monastiri a new settlement outside the walls of Heraclea (perhaps of Slavs)?
 * Disputed:
 * Which came first, the name Monastiri or the name Bitola? If we believe the references in the article (which someone should verify), both the names Bitola (or variants thereof) and Monastiri are attested in the 11th century.  It is perfectly possible that even then Slavic-speakers (such as Tsar Samuil) called it Bitola and Greek-speakers called it Monastiri.
 * My proposal:
 * We incorporate all the undisputed content into the article.
 * We do more research on the early name in good sources — Macedonian and Greek newspapers, government publications, and Web sites do not count.
 * Until the matter is clarified, we take no position on which name came first, and simply state that Monastir(i) and Bitola are synonyms, and both are attested as names as far back as the 11th century.
 * What do you think? --Macrakis 14:57, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

I agree and please, if the other editors have no objection on this, rewrite the section according to your proposal. Bitola 18:06, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Count me in... --Latinus 20:45, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I more than agree to this proposed solution in order to end this mindless edit war. Niko Silver  (T) @ (C) 10:07, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The Ottoman Census of Hilmi Pasha in the beginning of the 19th century stated that the millet of Monastir was predominantly Greek. This data is already cited in the talk page of Macedonians(ethnic group). I have a book in the Balkans (from a British) author, which states that many Greek villages of Monastir were Slavicised by the Bulgarians in the turn of the century. The later Slavic predominance in the region can thus be derived. I don't see we should not include that information in the article. The reason I haven't tried it so far, is because I didn't want to make provoking edits against the Slavic crowd. However, after having seen User:Bitola's arrogant persistance of not recognising the original Greek name of the city by making ludicrous statements such as "the Turkish name 'monastir' probably derives from the greek 'Monastiri'", or that 'Monastiri and Bitola don't have the same defitions", I have changed my mind. Miskin 16:42, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Miskin, your sources are undisputed but refer to as late as 19th century. Is it possible that Slavs were in that city sometime between 6th and 19th century, before Greeks came and pushed them out (epecially during 11th)? Is it possible, that they established the name Bitola before the Greeks translated it to "Monastiri"? Even if that's the case, it is still possible that Greeks preceded Slavs, who were in turn succeded by Greeks, to end to Modern Slavs. There is no end in this, unless someone can provide the complete history of the name. The debate is for who named the town after the meaning of "Monastery" first. We need to trace back in time and see which people (Greeks or Slavs) had reasons to name it as such.  N i k o S i l v e r  (T)@(C) 17:01, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * As far as I know the Slavic invaders were settled in rural places, as the cities could not be penetrated. Is there an argument for a non-Christian people to name a city "Monastery"? Miskin 17:08, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * No such irrational argument by me. Please present your sources that Slavic invaders were non-Christian. The second point Slavic invaders settled in rural places, while Monastiri was an urban one, is not redundant, because even if they settled there, they wouldn't have called it Bitola, unless they meant something of their religion relevant to the Christian monastery. If these are true, then I am covered, and the article should be reverted to the original version of Latinus.  N i k o S i l v e r  (T)@(C) 17:52, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

"I thought Slavic invaders not being Christian" was common knowledge, otherwise why would Cyril be credited for their Christianization. It would be simpler to just find some maps of the Justianian era. I do have a bunch under my possession but those sources are currently physically innaccessible. Miskin 18:03, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

When Slavs settled the town in the VI century (according to almost all sources on Internet and in the written literature I have), it was done in the vicinity of the ancient town of Heraclea Lyncestis which was already an important episcope centre. Archaeological excavations revealed rich presence of artefacts from the Early Christian period (see my new adds on the article) and maybe that was the reason why Slavs started to use the name related to Christianity: Obitel. Bitola 18:41, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

The earliest source for either name is 11th century, by which time the Slavs had been christianized. Do we know whether they were christianized when they settled or named the place? I haven't seen any sources either way. Moreover, it is perfectly possible that there was a monastery of Greek-speaking monks in this place, but that the settlement near it was Slavic-speaking. You see this sort of thing in Britain, in Gaul, etc. In any case, all of this is speculation. Until someone comes up with better sources, I see no reason to presume that either name is original. --Macrakis 18:56, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

I agree with you Macrakis. As for the sources from the 11th century, we have incorporated in the article that the Slavic name of the city is mentioned in one of the tsar Samoil treaties. But, do you have some source from the 11th century that the name Monastiri was used in that period? If you have, please tell me and we could include that in the section as well. Thanks Bitola 19:04, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

In the area of Bitola there were never ever,any Greeks.It is propostrous to think that the area of Bitola has been Greek speaking when it wasn't.It is more certain that Peloponez had Slavs,rather than Bitola to have Greeks.I think that anything has to do with the dominance of the church,whether it was Bulgarian,Serb or Greek. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 115.64.173.237 (talk) 14:30, 12 March 2010 (UTC)

It is very unlikely the Greek word to derive from the Slavic (Monastir to come from Obitjal), because Slavs came later. The city was there already. Almost each of the significant places (whether mounteen, river, or towns) are preserved in the language of the newly came populations, it is a pattern. Just they can change the pronunciation according to the language of the new people, or they can be translated in the language of new people. This is not the case only with Slavs and Greeks, but everywhere. For example, the mounteen Orbelas preserved its name (losing the initial -or) Belas and gaining slavic suffix (-ica). Vardar changed its name from Axios to Velika (which mean the same), and most of the cities preserved their names (old cities). So probably Obitjal is translation for Monastir, if it is not from a form like Bouteli. That -lja (Bitol-j, Bitol-ja) might be an older suffix which has the same meaning as today's -ovo, so the name to mean 'a place where there are monasteries' etc. But it may also mean the same as the Skopje municipality Butel, for ex. It remains not very clear. And I am not a Greek. It seems to me, however that a name of a city would hardly come from monasteries. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pelazgo (talk • contribs) 18:04, 25 November 2012 (UTC)

To constant reverters
At least, you could revert the page but include the corrections made by neutral users for irrelevant to the Greek origin of the name data (like Macrakis' correction of the link to the Greek wikipedia). Furthermore, the particular ip range 62.162... can be safely assumed that it evidently is the sockpuppet of a certain editor that has been blocked for repetitive reverts. Please stop, or there will be grounds for requesting a Range Block. Niko Silver  (T) @ (C) 20:28, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * You know what's odd - their blocks have already expired. Why do they use socks? --Latinus 20:49, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

Actually, I think that than anon is User:Bitola. A 62.162... anon make this comment and signed it as "Bitola". In this post, he says that he agrees to Macrakis's proposal and once he implements it, he uses a sock to revert it (while pretending to be someone else). Thus far, we have the following socks: As I doubt that they belong to User:Realek, as his IP is and appears to be a static one, whose else's can it be, but Bitola's. It also appears to be a dynamic IP. --Latinus 20:55, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * BTW, if a range block is needed (doubtful - semi-protection could suffice), a whois check reveals that the IP range is 62.162.0.0 - 62.162.255.255, so we can assume (within reason - there may be more than one user in his city) that if an IP from that range reverts, it is User:Bitola. --Latinus 21:03, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, still reverting . He just told Macrakis that he agrees with his proposal and then reverts him using socks and leaves trollish edit summaries. --Latinus 23:23, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * User:Bitola, does this recent trolling spree which earned you another block serve any purpose whatsoever? --Latinus 00:30, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Do you really believe that I’m so immature after all I have done on WP? Although I’m not satisfied with the current solution (I will explain why or try to edit the section in the future), I have nothing with the current edit war around the Bitola article. My edits on that article ended on 17 March 2006, 00:19. Since than, I didn’t make any single edit there! Actually, when I stopped with my edits on the article, I was a little bit frustrated and decided to take my “extended wikibreak” seriously, so you will not see me much around these days. Anonymous editing is not my style. Bitola 09:00, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The current version of the article has been agreed by all editors that appear in the talk, including User:Bitola. It is very unlikely that the constant reverts are by him. We will just have to wait and see what happens. In the mean time, all sides should be checking that the current version stays, while they search for reliable sources. Niko Silver  (T) @ (C) 10:15, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Ok, if user Bitola agrees then I wont object for the moment. Anyway I dont object per se but I do on 2 points:
 * If we should include that here, we should include the slavic names of geographical places in northern greece and mention their rename.
 * I dont think it should say its translated from one language to the other because we havent determined the direction of the translation. We should find a more neutral solution
 * Realek 23:41, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * It does not mention a translation - have you even read it? The Slavic names are included in certain Greek towns and cities. You can write about them being renamed when you find a WP:RS. --Latinus 23:45, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * It doesnt but it misleads towards it: Both the Greek name Μοναστήρι [monastiri] 'monastery' and the synonymous Slavic names Obitel/Botelja/etc. Why is the slavic name a "synonym"? Concerning your remark about the renaming - I'll will look for a WP:RS. It shouldnt be too hard to find the names used by the Turks who stayed here for 6 centuries. --Realek 00:06, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * the greek and the slavic names are synonyms.aren't they?there is no mention of 'translation'--Hectorian 00:10, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * So you wouldn't object to it being the other way around (that's the logical conclussion of your statemant) --Realek 00:20, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * This edit wouldn't be yours by any chance would it? Hmm... sockpuppetry galore... --Latinus 00:22, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * No its not! But it makes perfect sense! So that is what your accusation on my IP adress page was... Like I said - dont make accusations based on your subjective thoughts! --Realek 00:29, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * It's an enquiry, not an accusation - that one at your IP, was to see if you'd respond (thereby proving that it was your IP). I suspect that this IP belongs to someone else for technical reasons - see above... --Latinus 00:33, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * He's right. This should be Realek's IP. FunkyFly 05:16, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * If you rangeblock the IP you will block 80% of the Macedonian editors. Don't block it, make a workgroup to create an article acceptable for both sides, be objective.
 * MrTequila 17:53, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

(Back to the left margin.)

Realek, you seem to be reading "X and the synonymous Y are attested..." to imply that Y is somehow secondary to X. I suppose you could interpret it that way, though that wasn't my intent in writing it. Would you prefer "X and Y are attested...; they are synonymous"? Stylistically, I don't think that flows as well. And stylistically, I think "The Slavic names A/B/C and the Greek name D" is a little heavier; but I would not object to exchanging the order. But isn't it a little silly to be quibbling about that? As for the Ottoman name, it is "Manastir" (obviously derived from the Greek name) as the article already says. --Macrakis 15:23, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Although I’m officially on wikibreak, I don’t want to leave the things unfinished. I agreed and still agree with the Makrakis proposal. I just made a little rewording of the section in order set up equal mentioning of two most important names for the town and in the following order: 1. official name 2. former name (I think the recent look is slightly biased). I hope nobody will find offended by this and that this article will become an example of good cooperation between the Macedonian and Greek editors. Bitola 18:42, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Your rewording is fine by me. The current name specified first is undisputably correct. Had we known better, we would include information about who named it with the meaning of the word "Monastery" first. I hope sources stating that will come up. I too, believe there are amicable solutions to every subject, and wish our governments thought the same...  N i k o S i l v e r  (T)@(C) 21:20, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Were does Manastır name comes from ? Kailar was the big city of Manastır and Ana Britanica

 * Ottoman writing: (منسطر )M-N-S-D-R in latin)drived from manas (epic). Because people of manasdır originally comes from Kyrgizistan. Old people of Manasdır were look like Kyrgyz people,also they were poetic people and some words of them used only in Kyrgizistan language.

The 1911 Edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica about Yuruks, Kailars and Konariotes
see link

The first Turkish immigration from Asia Minor took place under the Byzantine emperors before the conquest of the country. The first purely Turkish town, Yenije-Vardar, was founded on the ruins of Vardar in 1362. After the capture of Salonica (1430), a strong Turkish population was settled in the city, and similar colonies were founded in Monastir, Ochrida, Serres, Drama and other important places. In many of these towns half or more of the population is still Turkish. A series of military colonies were subsequently established at various points of strategic importance along the principal lines of communication. Before 1360 large numbers of nomad shepherds, or Yuruks, from the district of Konya, in Asia Minor, had settled in the country; their descendants are still known as Konariotes. Further immigration from this region took place from time to time up to the middle of the 18th century. After the establishment of the feudal system in 1397 many of the Seljuk noble families came over from Asia Minor; their descendants may be recognized among the beys or Moslem landowners in southern Macedonia. At the beginning of the 18th century the Turkish population was very considerable, but since that time it has continuously decreased. A low birth rate, the exhaustion of the male population by military service, and great mortality from epidemics, against which Moslem fatalism takes no pre-cautions, have brought about a decline which has latterly been hastened by emigration

The Turkish rural population is found in three principal groups: The second and third groups are mainly composed of Konariot shepherds. Besides these fairly compact settlements there are numerous isolated Turkish colonies in various parts of the country.''' The Turkish rural population is quiet, sober and orderly, presenting some of the best characteristics of the race. Apostolos Margaritis 10:44, 2 February 2006 (UTC)--3210 22:50, 19 May 2006 (UTC)
 * the most easterly extends from the Mesta to Drama, Pravishta and Orfano, reaching the sea-coast on either side of Kavala, which is partly Turkish, partly Greek.
 * The second, or central group begins on the sea-coast, a little west of the mouth of the Strymon, where a Greek population intervenes, and extends to the north-west along the Kara-Dagh and Belasitza ranges in the direction of Strumnitza, Veles, Shtip and Radovisht.
 * '''The third, or southern, group is centred around Kailar, an entirely Turkish town, and extends from Lake Ostrovo to Selfije (Servia).

Size
Is it the third largest?! Is it the second largest?! Who knows? If you can't agree, leave it out. - FrancisTyers · 17:21, 7 June 2006 (UTC) As far as i know because i come from Bitola,it is the 2nd biggest city in Macedonia.

Manaki brothers
In the article about them it says that they were born in the village of Avdela. Shouldn't they be removed from here or does this Notable people from Bitola mean people that have lived there? --Laveol 10:44, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

 * They lived the most of their life in Bitola, so I guess that is making them a notable people from Bitola. MatriX 10:49, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Oks, that's what I wanted to know :) --Laveol 11:05, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:GRB201.jpg
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BetacommandBot 05:01, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:GRB201.jpg
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Picture Location
I believe that if pictures were put on both sides of the page, not just on the right, the article may be more pleasing to the eye. Spencer 19:40, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:MKD muni flag(Bitola).png
Image:MKD muni flag(Bitola).png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 13:40, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

name
The title has Greek:Monastiri, i was wondering what sources there are that have Greek as the second most spoken langauge in Bitola? Last time i checked Roma were 3,46%, albanians at 2.36%, turks - 2.1%, Aromanians- 1,34%, Serbs - .66%, Bosnians - 0,002% and others at 0,67% or 497 people. Where are the greek speakers? PMK1 (talk) 06:13, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Apparently they are more abundant than the Macedonian speakers in Florina.  Balkan Fever  08:07, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Historically important (yes, no Greeks left today at all)? Why does everyone constantly bitch about the names? Like a Slavic or Greek name is going to ruin your country's image. 3rdAlcove (talk) 09:27, 12 June 2008 (UTC)
 * That's just an answer to the Florina stuff. Otherwise it wouldn't be a problem.--Lav e o l  T 09:29, 12 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Isn't there a guideline about how wiki editors shouldn't care about OTHERSTUFFHAPPENING (yeah, like the Balkaneers would follow it anyway)? I re-added it in Florina. There REALLY should be a guideline concerning names in the Balkans. Intro, not intro? Special cases if a significant minority exists? This is just tiring. 3rdAlcove (talk) 09:33, 12 June 2008 (UTC)
 * We're trying to figure out something here - Ethnic and cultural conflicts noticeboard.--Lav e o l  T 09:40, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

Well, it was introduced "per Florina" so OTHERCRAPEXISTS can work both ways here. As I have always said, regardless of the supposed strength (or sanity) of the arguments, names in other languages in the lead cause the arguments, and so they should go.  Balkan Fever  11:30, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Let's just leave them out, shall we? ·ΚΕΚΡΩΨ· (talk) 11:32, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

 * If you wouldn't mind bringing it up at the new noticeboard?  Balkan Fever  11:40, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I would not object if it had (Lerin). As opposed to those bizzare "local slavic dialects". PMK1 (talk) 09:17, 1 July 2008 (UTC)

Local Hellenic
Nice one. They still speak 'local Hellenic' in Bitola and some of the surrounding villages, but the 'local Hellenic' speakers call it Ellinika (Greek). But so what. Politis (talk) 16:12, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

Why the Greek name is needed
I entered again the Greek name of the city, which IMO is necessary for obvious reasons (and it is difficult indeed for me to understand the reaction of certain users, such as Balkan Fever). Whether we like it or not, Greek history is related to this city, where the Greeks and Byzantines flourished for centuries; this is also the case for the spreading of the Greek language. After all it is the article itself which states that until 1911 the Greek element was dominant in the region. So erasing the Greek name from the lead is historical blindness!

There are also other similar examples, such as Smyrna, where, although there are very very few Greeks in the city, the Greek name is there. And how could it be different?! We speak about more than 2,000 years of Greek influence in the area. And the same stands for a series of other now-Greek or now-Turkish cities (see Alexandroupoli etc.). And don't tell me "raise the issue there, do not bother us here." Because all these examples indicate a certain practice, which should be taken into account.

After all, just make a quick serfing in google book to see how often the term "Monastir" appears. And even here in Wikipedia we have a Monastir dis article! So, are we going to pretend that all these things just do not exist?! And conceal a part of the city's history? Because that is exactly what the Greek name expresses. A part of the city's rich historical past.

In any case, if those disagreeing with me want more third-party input, this is no problem of course. I support an open invitation to any third-party editors are interested in to express their views.--Yannismarou (talk) 17:09, 13 June 2008 (UTC)
 * If the Greek name is so "non-grata" for the Slav-Macedonian users, I have no problem to put the magic word "formerly" before the Greek name, or even to write in Latin "formerly Monastir"; my intention is not to offend anybody's sensitivity, but neither to conceal a part of the city's indentity.--Yannismarou (talk) 17:16, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

 * It has nothing to do with offence or not believing it's a name. If I'm not mistaken you removed Lerin from the Florina lead because you didn't believe it was an alternate name. I didn't have a "reaction" to this, it's a way of avoiding problems. You very well know someone will remove the Greek at some point, and someone will remove the local Slavic (Macedonian) from Florina, and then it will have to continually be reverted, even though they are both in a "name" section anyway.  Balkan Fever  04:26, 14 June 2008 (UTC)
 * You previously in an edit summary said "if you have a problem with Florina name" go there! So why now do you confuse the two issues?! Anyway, if I have to speak about the "Lerin" issue, I removed indeed the Lerin from Florina in a rushy decision, but then as 3dAlcove told me, I checked the talk page (which I should have done previously), and I read carefully the other side's arguments, which are logical. So, personally, I can understand the presence of the South Slavic name in Florina's article, and I hope that you'll all also can understand the presence of the Greek name in Bitola's article! Cheers!--Yannismarou (talk) 13:25, 14 June 2008 (UTC)
 * And I do, I'm just saying it would be easier to relegate both of them to the name section, and others have agreed. But it's not a big deal.  Balkan Fever  13:28, 14 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Just spotted that. I have always agreed with what BF says. Can we agree once and for all (with a decision that actually binds all of us) that only the name in the country's official language will be on the lead paragraph and all the others should be at the name section? There was such a de facto agreement but recently this seems to have been reversed.--   Avg     21:14, 17 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I have no problem to agree on that if there is a consensus, although I am not 100% sure it is the correct thing to do. IMO each article should be examined separately, and if there is a basis for an additional name to be added why not. And this "de facto agreement" referred to which country? Greece-fYROM, all the Balkans, what? And with the Greece-Turkey cities we'll have a different "de facto agreement" (because the current consensus seems to be quite the opposite there)?--Yannismarou (talk) 08:57, 18 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Actually I was referring to an overall Balkan pre-existing consensus, including Greece-Turkey articles. This also has been reversed recently. Check User:Aramgar role on that.--   Avg     16:36, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

It's a question of frequency of usage, international exposure. The city is clearly referred to as Monastiri until well after WWI, and rarely as Bitola - just look at the postcards, despaches, references. Its fame and fortune was built under the name Monastiri. Likewise for Istanbul, Alexandroupoli, Izmir. So the Monastiri reference should be up there next to Bitola. However, Florina had almost zero exposure as Lerin - just look at the maps; also the Lerin appelation already exists in the paragraph below. Any other choice for those two cities is, in my opinion, political (if not irredentist motivated). Politis (talk) 17:17, 18 July 2008 (UTC)
 * It is not accurate Avg that such a consensus covered Greece-Turkey articles. You can see previous discussions and Baristarim's comments when Turkish names were removed from some Greek cities' leads. In any case, I agree with Politis' statement.--Yannismarou (talk) 17:28, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

The Turkish case is different. Turkey markets its former-Hellenic cities under their Hellenic names - just look at their official brochures (admitedly, it does not recognise them as Greek, but as Helleno-Roman, Roman, Ionian, Lydian, etc). This, they believe, enhances their European credentials and, as our Turkish friends know, there is no overt or covert attempt by Greek rhetoric to appropriate those cities via their name. Also, in the west, those cities have a long history of being referred to by their ancient name. Politis (talk) 17:39, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

 * So basically what you're both saying is that you agree with examining every case separately. We have seen that in action and I'm not sure it is clear enough in the way things have to be clear in such an unproductive environment as the Balkans. In terms of previous consensus, many many times people have been reverted and never came back in Balkan city articles when someone told them that there is a consensus on not putting other names in the lead. Otherwise we could have repeated occurrences of mass-changing of the lead paragraph like what User:Carlossuarez46 is doing with his scripts in hundreds of articles. --   Avg     18:52, 18 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Avg, see the discussion here, where there was no consensus, and see also, as an example, Rhodes' lead. Should we exclude from Rhodes' lead the Italian and the Turkish name?--Yannismarou (talk) 10:34, 19 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Nobody (even then) said that not mentioning something in the lead means not mentioning it at all. Alternative names are important and it is undoubtedly encyclopaedic to include them, the issue here is only their prominence.--   Avg     11:04, 19 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Consistency's not bad, of course, but I honestly don't think it matters much if names are featured in the lede or in a separate section. At least, I don't bother moving from one place to another. 3rdAlcove (talk) 18:59, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

Si-Do
This section needs a quick spelling/grammar clean up: "Children from differend countries such as EU,Russia,Ukrain,Serbia,Croatia,BiH and Macedonia participate on this event which is usually consisted of 18-22 songs. This festival is supported by the association of culture "ProMedia" from Bitola which organized this event under a different topic every year.The only award at this festival is for interpretation." Menrunningpast (talk) 00:37, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

Slavic etymology

 * According to Adrian Room, the name Bitola is derived from the old Slavic word Obitel'' (monastery or abode), since the city was formerly noted for its monastery. When the meaning of the name was no longer understood, it lost its prefix "o".

Could someone take a look at the statement and reference above (link). It is unclear where Mr. Room got his information. I believe a more reliable source is probably in order. Aramgar (talk) 17:05, 2 January 2009 (UTC)

External link

 * New portal for tourism in Bitola —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jovep305 (talk • contribs) 09:22, 22 July 2009
 * Please explain notability of link. —Preceding unsigned comment added by The New Mikemoral (talk • contribs) 18:23, 22 July 2009

 * ✅ Makes sense to me, per external linking policy - ie it adds useful info about the topic that could not reasonably be incorporated into the article, and it does not appear promotional. The contact info seems to confirm that it is an official tourist info site.  Chzz  ►  05:04, 23 July 2009 (UTC)

Monastiri, Manastir
BalkanFever: your edit stated, "whats the point of having three variants of the same name if they're not in english? especially since they are better treated in the etymolgoy section". I might call on your services in other articles to back me up. I leave your edit as it stands. Just one point, do the Albanian Macedonians call it Manastir? Politis (talk) 09:23, 30 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Apparently they call it Manastiri.  Balkan Fever  10:33, 30 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Hmm, Thessaloniki was formerly a Turkish city officially called "Selanik" before it became part of the Greek state. Polibiush (talk) 01:36, 4 August 2009 (UTC)

Notable people from Bitola
I think that Hristijan Spirovski and Nikolce Noveski should be removed from "People from Bitola". Dimitar Ilievski - Murato and Georgi Hristov are more remarkable than the other two, or at least you should add them in the main list in Bitola page, if there is no limit of how many names should be in the main list —Preceding unsigned comment added by Spiderwebmkd (talk • contribs) 18:41, 9 October 2009 (UTC)

90.216.5.170 (talk) 23:09, 20 February 2010 (UTC)stramota kade e tuka durlovski najdobriot makedonski operski pejac,pa i toj e bitolcanec neli?

Isto Mile - Kuburot da ne go zaborajte da go spomnite. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.247.13.225 (talk) 14:22, 23 March 2010 (UTC)

Why Edith Durham is not a reliable source?
Latest revision as of 17:46, 5 January 2012 (edit) (undo) Athenean (talk | contribs) (edith durham is not a reliable source)

According to Athenean, Edith Durham is not a reliable source when she says that there were Orthodox Albanians living in Bitola, but strangely in the same article you can find Edith Durham, but this one seems reliable to Athenean:

A former dragoman who witnessed the Balkan Wars noted in January 1914 that "hardly a year has elapsed since Monastir fell into Servian hands, and this very short period has been enough to turn it into a desert city."[12] ^ Durham, M.Edith. Twenty Years of Balkan Tangle, p255

I will undo the change of Athenean, because it seems that it just directed towards Albanians.

(Edvin (talk) 18:39, 5 January 2012 (UTC))

 * Well, some of the reasons Edith Durham is not considered a reliable source are presented in...the wikipedia article on Edith Durham, namely she is 1) not a scholar, and 2) extremely biased. Thanks for pointing out the above, I will remove it as well. Athenean (talk) 18:43, 5 January 2012 (UTC)

Historical writing of the name Manastir in Macedonian
The name Manastir was in use in Ottoman times. The Macedonian Alphabet is in use after 1944, i.e. it is impossible the name to was written in Macedonian during Ottoman times. Jingiby (talk) 19:17, 29 January 2013 (UTC)

R. Macedonia
Leasten, you Americans: Stop converting the facts about Slavish poulation in this region, in contrary we could ask from Russia to solve the problem!!! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.205.75.118 (talk) 14:46, 23 March 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 3 external links on Bitola. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080329085722/http://www.nbrm.gov.mk/default-en.asp?ItemID=A82826138490824E874DC0F6B8BCE3DE to http://www.nbrm.gov.mk/default-en.asp?ItemID=A82826138490824E874DC0F6B8BCE3DE
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141104203728/http://emagazin.mk/%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8-%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D0%B7%D0%B0/ to http://emagazin.mk/%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8-%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D0%B7%D0%B0/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141104193400/http://www.tera.mk/index.php/vesti/aktuel/80636-zatvoren-konzulatot-na-velika-britanija to http://www.tera.mk/index.php/vesti/aktuel/80636-zatvoren-konzulatot-na-velika-britanija

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NPOV
Medieval history of the region is one of the least documented periods of its history. There are no direct or indirect sources of Clement's and Naum's activity in the area, and including them only by the virtue of Ohrid being geographically close to Bitola is not adequate. The medieval monasteries were mentioned twice. Repetitive use of the title "of Bulgaria" is clearly tendentious, as those figures are not known as "of Bulgaria" in any historiography, including the Bulgarian one (as a the matter of fact the articles on corresponding Wikipedia are never named as such, and there is no need of that whenever the article title is a unique name, especially in the case of Gavrilo Radomir). Throughout the whole article no other rulers are name "of [state]", which is right and in accordance with general and Wikipedias principles. I see no other reasons, except a suspicious non-NPOV motives for accentuating only one state when referring to medieval rulers.--strich3D (talk) 23:03, 14 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Keep to the rules of Wikipedia. If you disagree with some articles' names, disuss it on the corresponding articles' talk page and gain a consensus to change it. Thanks. Jingiby (talk) 03:44, 15 June 2020 (UTC)

Bulgarian, Serbian and Romanian language schools in Ottoman Bitola
Hello, I recently changed a segment of the Ottoman schools to specify that they had taught in the specific languages yet had my edit reverted and told that it is not an improvement. May I get an explanation for this, User:Jingiby ? Okrados (talk) 03:23, 21 May 2021 (UTC)
 * These schools were not Ottoman. Jingiby (talk) 06:46, 21 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I'm pretty sure that's clear in the article but can I get an explanation as to why it was reverted? Okrados (talk) 07:13, 21 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Apart from teaching in the respective languages, these schools were not owned by the Ottoman authorities, but by the respective ethno-religious and linguistic community officially recognized by the Ottomans as a separate ethnic entity. Jingiby (talk) 10:07, 21 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bitola


text:
Talk:What Is Property?

Criticism section
Removed from Criticism section:
 * (please write more on "Property is Theft" and the nature of private property)

I added a paragraph about criticisms of "What is Property." Hogeye 18:06, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

=Merge proposal= Property is theft is a theory/statement from the book, but there are no references to a substantial following outside of the book. Therefore, it doesn't seem as if a standalone article is needed, and a "property is theft" section in this article would be sufficient --Thanatosil 14:56, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

 * It's a widely known slogan. But I would agree with a merge, definitely! Jobjörn (Talk ° contribs) 22:20, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

As long as the search term "what is property" is still active, yes, merge. Exitr 18:52, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree with this merger. I am reviving the proposal. --EmbraceParadox (talk) 14:39, 17 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Right now, a google search for "property is theft" will show property is theft as the top hit, explaining the origin of the phrase. I think that's good.  A lot of people have heard "property is theft" and don't know who Proudhon is or about the existence of his book.  These probably outnumber those who know Proudhon.  These seem to me to be good reasons to keep the existing page.  Moreover, a merged version would have to give a very small place to "property is theft", probably not even a section.  Realistically, "property is theft!" is the more popular topic than What is Property?.  I'm not sure that in itself means there should be a separate article, but I think it does mean that there should be a very specific and obvious place where the slogan itself is addressed -- which might be awkward with a merge.  So -- I disagree with the merger. —Jemmytc 21:33, 17 July 2008 (UTC)

 * But the division is artificial, and contributors already were not respecting it [] []. Maybe you could give a hint as to how you would expand an article which is only about the phrase? Because as it stands, it looks like there just isn't much to say about the phrase itself. (Assuming the "criticism" section is going to be removed or significantly reduced, what's left will be really short.) --EmbraceParadox (talk) 15:53, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't see why you assume the article needs to be expanded. There's not much to say.  Property is Theft seems to be about the same length as some other articles in Category:Political slogans. —Jemmytc 20:36, 20 July 2008 (UTC)

To be honest I had not read this page (What is Property?) until just now (at least in a long time). This article is the one in need of major expansion. Proudhon talks about a lot in that book. What exists is nothing like a summary of it. —Jemmytc 20:58, 20 July 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:What Is Property?


text:
Ebell

Ebell can refer to:

 * Adrian John Ebell (1840-1877), Sri Lankan-born US educator and photographer
 * Myron Ebell (f. 2000s), US advocate against global warming theory
 * Tyler Ebell (born 1983), Canadian athlete in professional football
 * Ebell of Los Angeles, a woman's educational club based on principles of Adrian John Ebell.
 * Ebell Club of Santa Paula, a woman's educational club chapter based on principles of Adrian John Ebell.

title: Ebell


text:
Aminal

In organic chemistry, an aminal or aminoacetal is a functional group or type of organic compound that has two amine groups attached to the same carbon atom: \sC(NR2)(NR2)\s. (As is customary in organic chemistry, R can represent hydrogen or an alkyl group). A common aminal is bis(dimethylamino)methane, a colorless liquid that is prepared by the reaction of dimethylamine and formaldehyde:
 * 2 (CH3)2NH + CH2O -> [(CH3)2N]2CH2  +  H2O

Aminals are encountered in, for instance, the Fischer indole synthesis. Several examples exist in nature.

Hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine ((CH2NH)3), an intermediate in the condensation of formaldehyde and ammonia, tends to degrade to hexamethylene tetraamine.

Cyclic aminals can be obtained by the condensation of a diamine and an aldehyde. Imidazolidines are one class of these cyclic aminals.

title: Aminal


text:
Talk:System Planning Corporation

Please take note that SPC is first and foremost a Radar company. Any software they produce is purely accidental.

-anonymous software developer.

"Systems Planning Corporation takes no responsibility for the lack of investigation into former corporate star Dov Zakhiem--the Pentagon Comptroller who was in charge when trillions of dollars went missing."

This statement is inconsistent with the main article that discusses Dov Zakhiem. The above statement appears both meaningless in conclusion and inaccurate in premise. According to the main article Zekheim wasn't comptroller when the trillions reportedly went missing, he was reportedly tasked with finding them after the fact. At the very least Zakheim became the comptroller of the Pentagon after he appearently left System Planning. What responsibility would System Planning Corporation have for investigating a former employee for actions that took place after he had left their employment unless it directly effected them? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.83.208.120 (talk) 01:01, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:SystemPlanningCorporationLogo.png
Image:SystemPlanningCorporationLogo.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot 04:53, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:System Planning Corporation


text:
User:Shawnomancy

 * Home page

title: User:Shawnomancy


text:
Yaadein (2001 film)

Yaadein is a 2001 Indian Hindi-language musical drama film written, directed, edited and produced by Subhash Ghai. The ensemble cast cross over film starring Jackie Shroff, Hrithik Roshan, and Kareena Kapoor. The film was released worldwide on 27 July 2001 to negative reviews and was a box office disappointment. Jackie Shroff received a nomination for Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor at the 47th Filmfare Awards. Despite its box office failure, the film was profitable due to ancillary revenues of ₹21 crore, including ₹8.2 crore from selling music rights to Tips.

The filming took place in locations such as the Cliveden House, which was used as Ronit's family mansion, the Apex Bar and Restaurant, Radisson Hampshire, the Leicester Square, the Ascot, the King's Arms Pub, the Thames Embankment, the Thorpe Park, the Tower Bridge, the Windsor Great Park, the Windsor and Eton Central railway station, the Windsor Castle, the Piccadilly Circus, the Queensmere Shopping Centre, Slough, in the U.K. The Eagle Square, and Langkawi Yacht Club Langkawi, Malaysia, the Lake Palace Hotel, Udaipur, Rajasthan, and Panchkula.

Plot
Raj Singh Puri (Jackie Shroff) is the best friend of Lalit Malhotra (Anang Desai), the younger brother of J.K. Malhotra (Amrish Puri). The Malhotras are wealthy business tycoons in London. Lalit and his wife Nalini's (Supriya Karnik) busy lifestyles have little time for their son, Ronit (Hrithik Roshan), who opposes his family's greed and as a child comes to regard his "uncle" Raj and late "aunt" Shalini as his surrogate parents. Raj's wife, Shalini (Rati Agnihotri), died in an accident some years prior, leaving Raj to raise their three daughters alone. Ronit has maintained close friendships with Raj and his daughters, having grown up with them.

Raj's eldest daughter, Avantika, is happy in her arranged marriage to Ronit's college friend, Pankaj; his second daughter, Saania, marries her boyfriend Sukant against Raj's advice, and despite stark differences in family values and upbringing. Isha (Kareena Kapoor), the youngest and most strong-willed one, claims that she does not believe in love. After a few weeks of living with her in-laws and bearing their taunts and abuse, Saania returns home begging for a divorce but eventually reconciles with Sukant. Meanwhile, Isha and Ronit attend a sports event in Malaysia, where their friendship unexpectedly blossoms into love. Neither are aware that back in London, Ronit's parents are secretly arranging for him to marry Monishka Rai (Kiran Rathod), the spoiled daughter of another business tycoon, in order to create a business merger between the two wealthy families. With Raj being a longtime friend of the Rai family, the Malhotras ask Raj to help them facilitate the marriage proposal. Raj agrees, the Malhotras having misled him to believe that Ronit would be happy with the marriage.

Raj is shocked when Isha asks for his blessing to marry Ronit, his loyalties to the Malhotra and Rai families making him feel guilty. Overcome with emotion, he ends up injuring himself in an accident, upsetting Isha. Though sympathetic to Isha's feelings, Raj informs her of Ronit's planned engagement and explains that she would never find acceptance as a daughter-in-law in the Malhotra family, due to their obsession with money. Isha then ends her relationship with Ronit and pretends that she loves Ronit only as a friend, although doing so deeply hurts her. Ronit, heartbroken and angry, is pressured by both Raj and his parents to marry Monishka. Bitterly agreeing to the engagement, Ronit soon discovers that Monishka and her parents' lifestyles are totally opposite to the Malhotras' own traditional Indian values; after proving this to Raj, Raj begs the Malhotras to reconsider the engagement. This culminates in J.K. Malhotra publicly insulting Raj, and accusing him of using Isha to worm his way into their wealthy family. Shattered, Raj ends his relationship with the Malhotras.

On the eve of the engagement party, during which the Malhotras and Rais plan to announce their business merger, Ronit lashes out at his parents for their lifelong neglect of his feelings. He and Isha then reconcile and appear to elope, sending the Malhotras into a panic. Nalini is the first to understand Ronit's plight and apologizes to Raj, who convinces Ronit and Isha to return home. With Nalini and Monishka's support, at the engagement party Ronit gives a speech that exposes the families' selfish sacrifice of their children's happiness for money, which shocks the guests and prompts the Rai family to cancel the business merger. J.K. asks both Raj and Isha for forgiveness, and the Malhotras give their blessing to Ronit and Isha.

The film ends with a flashforward to several years later, showing an aged Raj with Avantika's young daughter, and implying that Raj's three daughters remain close and happily married.

Cast

 * Jackie Shroff as Raj Singh Puri
 * Hrithik Roshan as Ronit Malhotra
 * Kareena Kapoor as Isha Singh Puri / Isha Ronit Malhotra
 * Rati Agnihotri as Shalini Puri, Raj's deceased wife.
 * Supriya Karnik as Nalini Malhotra, Ronit's mother.
 * Amrish Puri as Jagdish Kumar Malhotra, Ronit's uncle.
 * Anang Desai as Lalit Kumar Malhotra, Ronit's father.
 * Kiran Rathod as Monishka Rai
 * Avni Vasa as Avantika Puri
 * Himani Rawat as Saania Puri
 * Madan Joshi as Mr. Ranvir Rai, Monishka's father.
 * Dolly Bindra as Sania's mother-in-law
 * Kamya Panjabi as Pinky, Isha's friend.
 * Subhash Ghai in a cameo in the watch present scene.
 * Suhas Khandke
 * Rajan Kapoor as Sukant's father
 * Rahul Singh
 * Gargi Patel as Mrs. Kudesia
 * Suman Dutta
 * Jennifer Kotwal as Preeti Sahai
 * Kamal Adib as Mr. Kudesia
 * Akhil Ghai as Pankaj Kudesia, Avantika's husband.
 * Sheena Bajaj as Supriya, Avantika and Pankaj's daughter.

Production
Initially, Ameesha Patel was approached for the female lead. However, she was not available for the film. Thereafter, Kareena Kapoor was signed, marking her first of several films opposite Hrithik Roshan. Patel later said she was lucky to have missed out on the film, as it was a box office failure.

Soundtrack
Music for the film's soundtrack was composed by Anu Malik and lyrics written by Anand Bakshi. Subhash Ghai wanted A. R. Rahman to compose for the film, but the latter declined the offer, since he was busy with the work of Bombay Dreams. According to the Indian trade website Box Office India, with 2.2million units sold, the film's soundtrack album was the year's seventh highest-selling Bollywood music album. Tips, that distributed the album in the market, collected more than ₹6.5 crore from the sales.

title: Yaadein (2001 film)


text:
File:Skids - The Absolute Game LP cover.jpg

Summary
The Skids - The Absolute Game. Original UK LP album cover

Licensing
Original UK release album cover - album covers are fair use. Picture scanned by me Ian Dunster from original UK LP album.


text: File:Covermount demos.JPG

title: File:Covermount demos.JPG


text: Category:Dog equipment

title: Category:Dog equipment


text:
User:Pingswept

Take a look at my user page on Wikinews.

title: User:Pingswept