text:
Talk:Look-and-say sequence

Untitled
Audioactive decay now redirects here - could someone add a mention of it? FreplySpang (talk) 19:11, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Basic Properties
Having stumbled upon this page, I wanted to point out two issues I see with the basic properties section. Should these be deemed necessary to the article, feel free to put them back, but in the meantime I have updated the first bullet point, and removed the second. This edit can be found in the page history under (see talk page for rationale: factual correction and redundancy fix). Cheers, 66.71.54.190 (talk) 10:48, 20 February 2008 (UTC)
 * The first point is untrue on the basis that at least the look-and-say sequences for a seed of 42 and 196 loop, and so do not grow indefinitely. 42 begins to loop at its 8th iteration (31123314, which generates 31123314), and 196 loops in a 5-iteration loop beginning at its 11th iteration (6122261415261719).
 * The second point says "a is true unless it is not true". This is, of course, true though it doesn't seem to merit a bullet point.
 * I am sorry, but I have undone your edit. Your first point is a simple misunderstanding: e.g. 31123314 actually becomes 132112231114, the result of transforming a group of equal digits has the number of digits first.
 * The second point is more subtle. The statement is not trivial, as the sequence is a sequence of numbers, each of which can have many digits, and it speaks about what new digits can appear in numbers as the sequence develops.  The digits 1, 2 and 3 can (and unless starting with 22, all eventually must) appear as the number of digits of a group at the previous stage, e.g. 3 -> 13, 33 -> 23, 12 -> 1112 -> 3112.  Digits higher than 3 eventually cannot, because it is impossible to get a group of length larger than 3 unless you start out with an even longer one. --Ørjan (talk) 07:17, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

I can't believe I completely goofed on that edit. Thank you for clarifying both points.

66.71.54.190 (talk) 16:31, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

I have added the qualifier 'eventually' to the statement "In fact, any variant defined by starting with a different (seed) number will also grow indefinitely", since it is clearly possible to find a seed which causes the sequence to initially decrease. 55555 -> 55 -> 25... is an example, 333111 -> 3331 -> 3311 -> 2321... is another. I'm not sure if there are any seeds where the sequence decreases for the first five terms or more. 99.234.1.72 (talk) 21:03, 16 July 2008 (UTC)
 * As long as we are working in a finite base such as decimal, it can decrease for an arbitrary number of steps. 55555 can come from a sequence of 5555 digits 5, and so on without limit.  This ties in with the section "Sequence or sequence of sequences?" below.  If you treat it as a sequence of sequences instead then it must stop shrinking pretty quickly, since you cannot get more than three identical "digits" (actually integers) in a row, even after one step.  Not sure if four terms is the limit but it cannot be much more. --Ørjan (talk) 04:38, 17 July 2008 (UTC)

Origins
The original article was in the magazine Eureka. Not only do I remember its publication, it's also listed as an earlier publication in Conway's own bibliography.

More on the Origins
To be more precise, Conway's original article was on pages 5-16 of Eureka 46 (January 1986). Page 4 of the same issue tells a bit more of its history (and my own part in it), going back to the Dutch team in the 1977 International Mathematical Olympiad, via the British team (including myself), via Miranda Mowbray and Eddy Welbourne (who edited Eureka 46) to Prof. Conway hearing about the problem shortly before Christmas 1983 and writing the article for Eureka 46 in January 1986. [Richard Pennington] 82.15.183.136 (talk) 20:59, 19 April 2020 (UTC)

Sequence or sequence of sequences?
The article claims the sequence is a "sequence of integers". Is this really the case? (That is, does the rule yield 1111111111 → 101 → 111011 in base 10?) Or is it a sequence of sequences of integers? (That is, does the rule yield 1111111111 → {10}1 → 1{10}11?) Gdr 20:05, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)

 * Yes, it is a sequence of integers, not a sequence of sequences of integers. The rule to change one element of the sequence to the next decomposes the first integer into a string of base 10 digits, applies a transformation on them, and then converts the result into another integer.  Your example does not cause a problem, because it can be proven that there will never appear a string of 10 identical digits (unless we begin with one as the first element).   In fact there will never appear a string of more than 3 identical digits, because of the optimality of the transformation (11 → 21, not 1111). Redquark 21:11, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Expansion request

 * Does this sequence have any practical applications?
 * What is the connection with run-length encoding? Is look-and-say used as part of a compression technique?
 * It's a bit confused whether there is one such sequence, or if there are an infinite number because different start sequences may be used.

 * I see your point. In fact, Look-and-say is not a sequence. Rather, it is a rule for generating sequences from a seed value. To me, the distinction is clear. But if you worry this could be confusing to some people, why not have a go at reworking the text? Cheers
 * --Philopedia 23:04, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

-- Beland 21:22, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

Essentially, yes. Ignoring that base 256, rather than base 10, is used for run length encoding, it essentially _is_ look-and-say.

Suppose you have a picture that looks like this

11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 11111111111111111222222222211111111111111111 11111111111111122222222222222111111111111111 11111111111111222222333322222211111111111111 11111111111111222223333332222211111111111111 11111111111111222223333332222211111111111111 11111111111111222222333322222211111111111111 11111111111111122222222222222111111111111111 11111111111111111222222222211111111111111111 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

"look and say" (if we limit to sequences of 9 since we have no space in base 10 for more) would result in the encoding 91919191919191919191919191919191919191919191 91919191319212919191519252919191216243629191 91115263529191911152635291919111624362919191 21925291919151921291919191919191919191919191 91919191919191919191919191919191919121

which is clearly dramatically shorter. --Random832 (contribs) 19:28, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

useless info ?
The "Basic property" : "The 70th member of the sequence has 179,691,598 digits." seems completely useless, can someone give me a reason why it should stay ? (If not, I'll remove it in a few days) --Garo 21:54, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

Undefined terms
The "Properties" section contains a lot of undefined terms that the reader is assumed to be able to deduce the meaning of:

 * variant
 * degenerate sequence
 * seed number
 * transuranic
 * cosmological theorem (wikified, but no such article exists)
 * generation

Some are more obvious than others, but it would help if they were all defined before use.

Further, and importantly, are these terms in actual use, or have they been coined so that they can be used in the article? If the latter is true, they should be replaced with their definitions. — Paul G 10:36, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

 * As far as I can see, variant has its usual English meaning, degenerate has a link, and I just added (seed) to clarify that it is the starting number in a variant sequence. Maybe iteration would be better than generation there?  In any case I think those are obvious but as someone who has done work on slightly similar subjects I may be biased.  I believe I was the one who added "transuranic" and someone else added "cosmological theorem", as far as I know both are terms Conway uses, as part of his work on this sequence and its variants.  Actually I think the cosmological theorem is essentially the content of the item mentioning it, so I've clarified that and removed the link (I doubt it will get its own article as it only exists within the context of the L&S sequence).  --Ørjan 18:39, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

Conway's polynomial
For fun, I made this: http://bendwavy.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/conway.png The roots (crosses in the article's picture) are the points where all four colors meet. Green means the real part of Conway's polynomial is positive, and red means the imaginary part is positive. —Tamfang (talk) 02:02, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Oops, my picture appears to put positive reals on the left. Wonder why. —Tamfang (talk) 17:18, 20 June 2017 (UTC)

Pea pattern?
Pea pattern? Stop making things up... --24.90.209.169 (talk) 02:12, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

Computer program section
The Computer program section was growing too large, clearly MOS:CODE doesn't support including more than one code example at most. I was pondering whether to keep the Python or not, but even that didn't seem particularly illustrative, so I asked someone and they said the section wasn't needed at all since it wasn't an article about an algorithm. So I just deleted it entirely. --Ørjan (talk) 10:30, 3 March 2014 (UTC)

 * Sounds reasonable to me. --JBL (talk) 14:21, 3 March 2014 (UTC)

Graph
I don't think the graph purporting to show the growth in the number of digits can be quite right. The blue plot looks as though it starts 1,1,1, whereas it should start 1,2,2

Kestrelsummer (talk) 22:26, 18 May 2017 (UTC)

 * Comparing the other colored lines, I would say the graph starts 2, 2, 2. Otherwise looks fine. Good eye. --JBL (talk) 23:43, 18 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Look-and-say sequence. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141011160655/http://www.archim.org.uk/archives/eureka/ to http://www.archim.org.uk/archives/eureka/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110301172113/http://www.nitrxgen.net/source/lookandsay/ to http://www.nitrxgen.net/source/lookandsay/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:07, 6 January 2018 (UTC)

A question
Is '22' (which can be read as 'two 2s') considered some kind of Pseudo 'Look-and-say' number? ThrowawayEpic1000 (talk) 20:10, 27 September 2021 (UTC)
 * See the section Look-and-say sequence where this is mentioned briefly. --JBL (talk) 20:18, 27 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Look-and-say sequence


text:
Talk:Hopsan

The text in http://www.uqtr.ca/~gonciar/des_mec.html that was listed as the source of the copyright violation on HOPSAN, seems to have been copied from http://hydra.ikp.liu.se/hopsan.html. It is just listing a few facts, so I rewrite them a little more.

Requested move
HOPSAN → Hopsan — Name of the software project was changed so that all letters shall not be uppercase.--Rowbr (talk) 14:04, 5 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Support: It appears that the main use of the software name on their website is not in all caps. --Thekmc (talk) 22:51, 5 February 2011 (UTC)
 * ✅--Kotniski (talk) 17:37, 13 February 2011 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Hopsan


text:
Boneless Fish

Boneless Fish is a fish-based frozen food brand and grocery product, the process in the production of which was invented by Dairei Corporation (大冷株式会社) of Japan in 1998. It is essentially a fish that has been scaled, gutted and deboned by a skilled worker before being reassembled with a transglutaminase to look like a dressed fish (fish gutted and with its head and fins removed). The fish is then flash-frozen and packaged, remaining uncooked.

It is possible to manufacture a boneless fish with head and fins intact, but it had been found to be impractical.

Purpose
The Boneless Fish product was initially intended to feed three groups: the elderly, hospital patients, and schoolchildren. It differs from an ordinary frozen fish fillet in that the content of a Boneless Fish pack looks just like a dressed fish. The product is cooked in the same manner as an ordinary fish.

Dairei began to market it to families in 2002. It had been found to be advantageous to consumers in that aside from being easy to prepare, cooking the brand's boneless fish at home—as against the usual market fish—generates a very small amount of waste.

Production
The production of Boneless Fish is labor-intensive. Dairei set up HACCP-certified factories in Thailand, China and Vietnam, where its workers cut open the fish and use a pair of tweezers to remove the bones. The end product is then examined to make sure that it is free of bones and then "glued back together" using a food-grade enzyme produced by Ajinomoto.

The Ajinomoto binding agent used in Boneless Fish is a transglutaminase (product name: Activa TG-B) separated from a culture of Streptoverticillium mobaraense. It works by binding the collagen in the fish tissue. At temperatures under 5 °C, it may take several hours for the enzyme to do its job properly.

Similar products
The popularity of boneless fish inspired another technology-intensive Japanese product, "Fish with Delicious Bones" (骨までおいしい魚; honemade oishii sakana), which has been on sale since 2004. The fish, in the form of a butterfly fillet, is prepared by a patent pending process that uses heat and pressure to tenderize fish bones. The entire fish, including the head and fins, becomes completely edible, much like what happens to canned sardines. It is a joint claimed invention of Maruha Corporation (株式会社マルハ) and Miyajima Soysauce Corporation (宮島醤油株式会社).

Another similar product is "Cold Set Bound Fish Kebabs", made from alternating layers of salmon and cod "glued together" by transglutaminase.

title: Boneless Fish


text:
Ethel Cochrane

Ethel M. Cochrane (born September 23, 1937) is a former Canadian Senator having represented the province of Newfoundland and Labrador from 1986 until 2012.

A teacher by training, Cochrane worked as an educator in her native Newfoundland culminating in her period as a school principal. An advocate for education and literacy, she was appointed to the Senate by Governor General Jeanne Sauvé, on the recommendation of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, in November 1986. She sat as a Progressive Conservative senator until February 2004 when she and most other PC Senators joined the new Conservative Party of Canada. Cochrane is the first female senator to represent Newfoundland and Labrador. She retired in 2012 when she reached the mandatory retirement age of 75. She is a past member of the Girl Guides of Canada.

Senator Cochrane now resides in Port Au Port East with her husband Jim.

title: Ethel Cochrane


text:
Boneless fish

Boneless fish may refer to:
 * Boneless Fish, a product of Dairei Corporation, by which a fish has been deboned and reassembled with a transglutaminase to look like a dressed fish
 * Fish fillet, the flesh of a fish which has been sliced from the bone
 * Fish finger, a processed food made using the meat of a whitefish which has been battered or breaded
 * Fried fish, fish that has been deboned and prepared as food by frying

title: Boneless fish


text:
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Football Federation

The Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Football Federation (SVGFF) is the governing body of football in the island state of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. It was founded in 1979 but only gained ascension into FIFA in 1988. Currently based in Kingstown, it oversees all aspects of football in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines including the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines national football team and the NLA Premier League.

Executive committee
Source: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Football Federation


text:
User talk:Worden

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --JYolkowski 19:14, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:Worden


text:
Cut to the chase

To "cut to the chase" is to get to the point without wasting time.

The saying originated from early film studios' silent films. It was a favorite of, and thought to have been coined by, Hal Roach Sr., referring to the repeated trope in silent films to feature a chase scene at the climax.

History
Films, particularly comedies, often climaxed in chase scenes. Some inexperienced screenwriters or directors would pad the film with unnecessary dialogue, which bored the audience and prolonged the time before the exciting chase scene. Cut to the chase was a phrase used by movie studio executives to mean that the audience shouldn't get bored by the extra dialogue, and that the film should get to the interesting scenes without unnecessary delays. The phrase is now widely used, and means "get to the point."

An earlier version of the phrase is found in Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Wife of Bath's Tale" from The Canterbury Tales c.1400: "and shortly forth this tale for to chace" (to cut a long story short). A later variant (recorded 1880–1940) was Cut to Hecuba. This refers to the practice of shortening matinée performances of Hamlet by cutting the long speeches before the reference to Hecuba in Act II, Scene ii.

title: Cut to the chase


text:
Talk:Mac OS X Panther

Cleanup
This arfticle should be cleaned up and expanded to match the formating of other Mac OS X v10.x articles. --Cab88 17:11, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Yea, the whole article is a list. However, being that it's been over a year since you put of that tag: I guess no one cares. That's too bad. Nja247 (talk • contribs) 07:16, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

Cleanup (2)
Hello,

Today I'll clean this page up. Well, at least i'll make it more like 10.2/10.4/10.5-articles(If needed i'll clean them up a bit too) User:TijhofGraphics 16:49, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Hello again,
 * I done with the cleanup, I also made the other OSX-articles a bit more like the rest of them
 * User:TijhofGraphics 20:31, 26 November 2007 (UTC)
 * User:TijhofGraphics 20:31, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

Advertisement
Hi, this article sounds a lot like an advertisement, it mostly lists new features and applications.

122.108.109.84 (talk) 12:01, 3 August 2008 (UTC)Anonymous

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Mac OS X Leopard which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RFC bot 21:30, 12 November 2009 (UTC)

Protect this article
I saw some vandalism while I was looking back for previous article edits to see where Panther was not supported any more.

Qwertyxp2000 (talk) 07:52, 21 June 2014 (UTC)

Release note links appear dead
We might need to start using Archive.org URLs for the support notes linking to the minor updates. Lugevas (talk) 21:28, 8 January 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mac OS X Panther


text:
Gérard Filion

Gérard Filion, (August 18, 1909 – March 26, 2005) was a Canadian businessman and journalist.

History
Born in L'Isle-Verte, Quebec, the youngest of 17 children, he received a Bachelor of Arts from Université Laval in 1931 and a diploma in 1934 from École des Hautes Études Commerciales de Montréal. From 1935 until 1947 he worked for the l'Union catholique des cultivateurs, a group representing farmers. From 1947 until 1963 he was the publisher of Le Devoir, a French-language newspaper published in Montreal. He was one of the most vocal critics of Maurice Duplessis's government.

He was Mayor of Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville from 1960-1968. In 1970 he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada. In 1989 he was made a Grand Officer of the National Order of Quebec. He was married to Françoise Servêtre and had nine children.

Filion’s journalism career began when he was 26. Working for the Terre de Chez Nous, a paper run by the Catholic Union of Farmers, Filion became a lifelong ally of many Quebec unions.

In 1947 he began publishing Le Devoir and used the paper to rise to the unions’ defence against Maurice Duplessis, the province’s Premier. Duplessis was the leader of Quebec’s conservative Union Nationale government and Filion became one of his fiercest opponents. Decades later, Filion credited Duplessis as being a boon to his career. Without having the Premier as an opponent, Filion doubted he ever would have published such excellent work during his time with Le Devoir.

After Duplessis’ death in 1959, Filion continued pushing to modernize Quebec. A member of many Crown commissions, he worked with the group that took control of French-Canadian schools away from the Catholic Church. Because of this work, he is considered a key player in Quebec’s Quiet Revolution.

In 1970, he became a Companion of the Order of Canada.

Filion died in 2005. He was inducted into the Canadian News Hall of Fame in 1966.

title: Gérard Filion


text:
User talk:Skyfiler

Hi,

I changed "August First Rockets" back to Bayi Rockets, because English-language media in China and elsewhere very rarely use the name "August First Rockets" (or "August 1st Rockets" or "August 1 Rockets").

Doing a Google search on August First/August 1st/August 1 Rockets shows only a handful of hits, maybe a dozen. Doing a search on "Bayi Rockets" shows 2000+ hits (and "Bayi Shuanglu" and "Bayi Army Rockets" adds a few dozen more). Sites such as http://english.people.com.cn/ (English-language People's Daily) also use "Bayi Rockets".

I did edit the Bayi Rockets page to mention the "August 1st" connection clearer, though.

-- Curps 19:16, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Tao(disambiguation)
I would have just moved the page myself, but there was a notice that a major edit was being undergone, so I decided not to. After you are done, please move the page to Tao (disambiguation), with a space between "Tao" and "(disambiguation)". Thanks, zappa 03:44, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

Edits to Xiahou Dun
i don't see the point of adding links to Zhang Fei and Liu Chan under "See also" in the abovementioned article. Please elaborate. Also, i believe that linking to History of China is rather far-fetched. What do you think? --Plastictv 08:11, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Edits to book references
Hi. Please do not change the author names and book titles of the books placed under Reference sections. It might pose problems or confusions to readers who try to locate the books. Just leave them as they are stated. Thanks a lot. --Plastictv 01:23, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

Minor edits
Hi Skyfiler, I think you are marking your edits as minor by default (see 'my preferences' -> 'Editing'). Remember to mark your edits as minor only when they genuinely are (see Minor edit). "The rule of thumb is that an edit of a page that is spelling corrections, formatting, and minor rearranging of text should be flagged as a 'minor edit'." --pfctdayelise 13:29, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Mao: Genocide and democide
I only restored the Mao regime to the list because it is a recognized democide. I have no personal feelings about the number, although I am aware it is in the tens of millions. It used to be 40 million; another user changed it to 70 million. I won't object if you return it to that 40 million, althouth another user might. The big problem is that you removed it outright rather than editing it. The definition of democide does include "reckless and depraved disregard for life," which includes mass starvation. Mao's regime is even included in that article, with a value of 40 million.

I'm going to restore Mao again. If you have justification for editing that value, please do so but to remove it outright corrupts the article. It makes it inconsistent with other articles about Mao and democide.

Finally, removing 70 million deaths from this list is a significant edit. Please start a conversation on the Talk page before you make any edits that significant.

- Sethery 15:25, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

Your BLOG1 link
In your user page, you might want to check your first blog link http://jiangsheng.blogsopt.com/ as the site seems to be dead (it goes to all advertising now). Shenme 12:31, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

one-child policy
I attempted to flesh out the human rights section with some sources. I inadvertantly made a mess. You seem to be active and experienced, could you please take a look at my edits. In particular I think its important to show that China official policy seems to disagree with alledged practices as reported by alledged officials charged in the execution of these duties. You may want to touch on the autonomy of local officials and their own initiatives to appease bejing (at least in my view). I'm sure there is a source for such, could easily be compared to some of the nutty things local US governments do that fly in the face of official US human rights policy. Also I tried to touch on the historical practice of at least forced sterilization and how even the US is guilty of endorsing it in the past, especially the fact that some laws are still on the books here making it legal to sterilize the 'feebleminded'. Its my personal opinion that because of the nature of Chinese government its hard to say that if these things are occurring, its sponsored at the national level, and in fact more likely its personal initiatives by local officials. I think its important to not only point out human rights violations, but also who is claiming such violations and their own history on violations of same type. People are trying to condemn China for trying to deal with a very real population problem using methods the rest of the world freely and openly practiced at various times in the last 100 years, and practiced for the sake of nothing more than eugenics - dealing with social problems through genetics, a flawed approach utilizing means that clearly violate any accepted human rights standard. You might find it interesting reading material, even the US Supreme Court sided with the states in their assertion of the right to sterilize people for being nothing more than feebleminded - at a time when the diagnostic ability to accurately determine what febblemindedness was, let alone that it was genetic and could be dealt with by reproduction was non-exsistant. How many US citizens were sterilized that were suffering from lack of education and oppertunity? suffering from treatable mental illness with no genetic cause? suffering from developmental problems caused by things like lead paint? - in other words at no increased risk for having developmentally impaired offspring... Even as recently as 1980 these people were denied civil judgement by the Supreme Court. random wiki reader 65.24.200.137 21:25, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

I answered you...
here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Cao_Cao#Family_templates --Sarazyn • TALK • DE 09:00, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

Would you please tell me what you think of it? -- Sarazyn • TALK • DE 10:24, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

RfA
I notcied that you've left messages for Zappa.jake on his talk page, so I thought you mihgt want to vote in his RfA at WP:RFA. ShortJason 15:13, 27 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I apologize for ShortJason's advertising. Normally most people consider it unacceptable to advertise RfAs (Requests for Adminship) on people's talk pages.  I have asked him to stop here.  Regardless, now that it's here, if you do wish to vote, do so here.  Sorry, zappa.jak e  (talk) 19:11, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:BanqiaoDamAfterFailure.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:BanqiaoDamAfterFailure.jpg. The image description page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 19:05, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

Battle of Wuhan
Hey, I just extensively expanded the Battle of Wuhan article.. Please check it out! :)

--AQu01rius 17:34, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

Calling programmers
We need coders for the WikiProject Disambigation fixer. We need to make a program to make faster and easier the fixing of links. We will be happy if you could check the project. You can Help! --Neo139 09:17, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

Hmm...
I think you may have copied the wrong link here. --  tariq abjotu  (joturner) 16:07, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

Burning of books and burying of scholars
If you have time, could you possibly translate the note section and put the translation in parantheses after it? We've got quite a backlog on the translation project, so your help would be greatly appreciated! -Yupik 07:05, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

Welcome to Wikipedia. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our encyclopedia. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing. However, unconstructive edits are considered vandalism, and if you continue in this manner you may be blocked from editing without further warning. Please stop, and consider improving rather than damaging the work of others. Thank you.

You also violate WP:3RR rule from editing of Shang dynasty

Current events
Thanks for finding better sources for the Chinese terror-raid story. The Fox News link turns out to have been temporary. KazakhPol 20:51, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

Renminbi usage in foreign countries
Hi,

I have heard of the 60% figure in Mongolia. However, the link you provided seem to be broken. Do you think you can find another source. Thanks. --ChoChoPK (球球PK) (talk | contrib) 14:41, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

Zhou Tong (archer)
I see that you created a page for Qin Kuai. I think some of the info came from my rewrite of the Yue Fei page. I know the page is not as good as it could be, but it's a lot better than what it was. Anyway, I'm trying to promote my article about Yue Fei's teacher from A-class to Feature article and I am looking for people to vote on it. I figure you might like the page since you created one on Qin. After reading the page, please leave comments on the article's FAC page. (Ghostexorcist 06:08, 11 July 2007 (UTC))

IP blocking?
((unblock-auto|1=64.217.74.225|2=repeated vandalism for several days|3=Can't sleep, clown will eat me)) --Skyfiler 15:51, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I've contacted the blocking admin, please hold. --Yamla 16:20, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

 * That is some nasty vandalism. Skyfiler, please contact the unblock-en mailing list from your ISP-issued email address regarding this request.  Thank you, Can't sleep, clown will eat me 16:24, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

2008 Sichuan earthquake
Hi, some anonymous IPs are adding Republic of China as a country in this article. Noticed you reverted one of such edit. Thanks for the revert. I have reverted such disruptive edits two times and bordering 3rr. Please have an eye on this issue. Also see this edit.  Otolemur crassicaudatus  (talk) 02:50, 13 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Taiwan is back. User:Nyttend added it back.  Otolemur crassicaudatus  (talk) 02:55, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Oak Pacific Interactive
A tag has been placed on Oak Pacific Interactive, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article seems to be blatant advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become an encyclopedia article. Please read the guidelines on spam as well as the Business' FAQ for more information.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the article does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that a copy be emailed to you. Woland (talk) 20:56, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Human flesh search engine
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Human flesh search engine, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process
 * Non-notable neologism

All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised because, even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Blowdart | talk 20:07, 31 December 2008 (UTC)

Your recent edits to the People's Republic of China
Welcome to Wikipedia. It might not have been your intention, but your recent edit removed a large amount of information from. When removing text, please specify a reason in the edit summary and discuss edits that are likely to be controversial on the article's talk page. If this was a mistake, don't worry; the text has been restored, as you can see from the. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia, and if you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Ono (talk) 00:26, 15 March 2009 (UTC)

Kung Fu Hustle
Kung Fu Hustle has recently gone through several improvements and is again nominated for a WP:FA. Any useful comments can be given. World Cinema Writer (talk • contributions) 13:31, 7 August 2009 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Skyfiler! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 3 of the articles that you created  are tagged as Unreferenced Biographies of Living Persons. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to insure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. if you were to bring these articles up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the articles are adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the list:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 19:43, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Klaus Schlappner -
 * 2) Peng Peiyun -
 * 3) Wu Shaozu -

AfD nomination of List of words censored by search engines in the People's Republic of China
An editor has nominated one or more articles which you have created or worked on, for deletion. The nominated article is List of words censored by search engines in the People's Republic of China. We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also Notability and "What Wikipedia is not").

Your opinions on whether the article meets inclusion criteria and what should be done with the article are welcome; please participate in the discussion(s) by adding your comments to Articles for deletion/List of words censored by search engines in the People's Republic of China. Please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ).

You may also edit the article during the discussion to improve it but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate.

Please note: This is an automatic notification by a bot. I have nothing to do with this article or the deletion nomination, and can't do anything about it. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 01:10, 14 January 2010 (UTC)

You are now a Reviewer
Hello. Your account has been granted the "reviewer" userright, allowing you to review other users' edits on certain flagged pages. Pending changes, also known as flagged protection, is currently undergoing a two-month trial scheduled to end 15 August 2010.

Reviewers can review edits made by users who are not autoconfirmed to articles placed under pending changes. Pending changes is applied to only a small number of articles, similarly to how semi-protection is applied but in a more controlled way for the trial. The list of articles with pending changes awaiting review is located at Special:OldReviewedPages.

When reviewing, edits should be accepted if they are not obvious vandalism or BLP violations, and not clearly problematic in light of the reason given for protection (see Reviewing process). More detailed documentation and guidelines can be found here.

If you do not want this userright, you may ask any administrator to remove it for you at any time. Courcelles (talk) 18:01, 19 June 2010 (UTC)

Usage of BMP format
I reverted your revision because you attempted to delve into the detail of the BMP files in the intro of the article. This section is supposed to contain only general introductory statements and not the details. Also your mentioning of the size of some of the headers and file structure duplicates information in the section "File Structure" in the article.

A more appropriate place for mentioning the usage frequency of certain BMP formats is the "Usage of BMP format" section of the article as it is not a technical format information but rather sociological statement referring to the current programming and marketing trends. Also, if you are going to make concrete statements about the usage frequency of certain bitmap formats, be prepared to support it with references to statistical research.

Note that the article already contains a statement that some mechanisms in the BMP files are used more frequently than the others. e.g. the sentence: "The BITFIELD mechanism described above allows for the definition of tens of thousands different pixel formats, however only several of them are used in practice" - and proceeds to list these formats.

In any case, the introductory section of the article is not a place for such information.

Verpies (talk)verpies —Preceding undated comment added 09:34, 22 May 2011 (UTC).

Taiwan
Regarding this edit, could you please cite the specific section of WP:Naming conventions (geographic names) that supports your view? --Cyber cobra (talk) 01:41, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
 * If the place does not exist anymore, or the article deals only with a place in a period when it held a different name, the widely accepted historical English name should be used. The article deals with ROC which held a different name in an extended period (in fact it is still holding on that name).--Skyfiler (talk) 02:00, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
 * The article also (and post-move, arguably mainly) deals with modern Taiwan, hence your excerpt fails on the "only" qualifier. --Cyber cobra (talk) 02:48, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Additionally, I direct your attention to these two edit summaries. --Cyber cobra (talk) 02:52, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't think the WP:COMMONNAME can override WP:DUE in the context of article text, it self is just a section of WP:TITLE. Look up Taiwan in a dictionary as instructed by Naming conventions (precision) or encyclopedia like Merriam-Webster's, The American Heritage Dictionary or Britannica. Just because you say A is the common name of B in the context of B does not mean you can define A is B when A has a much broader definition. You need to prove that A is B in most contexts of A. And certainly you can't prove Taiwan is ROC when dominant definition among authoritative dictionaries define Taiwan as something else than a country.--Skyfiler (talk) 03:08, 9 April 2012 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for November 5
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited Nine Chapter Law, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Jin Dynasty (check to confirm | fix with Dab solver). Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 11:07, 5 November 2012 (UTC)

Talkback
SGMD1 Talk/Contribs 21:38, 5 March 2013 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for March 6
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited 1999 Chongqing vs Shenyang football match, you added links pointing to the disambiguation pages Qingdao Hainiu and Jilin Aodong (check to confirm | fix with Dab solver). Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 11:21, 6 March 2013 (UTC)

Talkback
P.S.: it would have been better to place quoted material in quotation marks, and perhaps a bit of revamp to the lead section. I've removed the tags for now. hmssolent \Let's convene My patrols 01:18, 8 March 2013 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for March 14
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited Offshore Medical School in the Caribbean, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Trimester (check to confirm | fix with Dab solver). Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 14:20, 14 March 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:59, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

JavaScript RegExp problem
I noticed you have experience in JavaScript. I'm hoping you can help me with a problem I've run into writing a userscript.

Please see my post at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject JavaScript.

Thank you. The Transhumanist 12:26, 5 May 2017 (UTC)

fyi
about this - you see that Rajmaan's comment is from LAST July, right? 2016. I think his/her points were largely unactionable and that is why they were simply left unattended to. but congratulations for being a Chinese person outside the groupthink.... Happy  monsoon  day  22:56, 30 June 2017 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Cao and Xiahou family
Template:Cao and Xiahou family has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. LDS contact me 06:18, 21 November 2017 (UTC)

I have sent you a note about a page you started
Hello, Skyfiler. Thank you for creating September 11 Great Armed Clan Feud of Matian. User:SunDawn, while examining this page as a part of our page curation process, had the following comments:

To reply, leave a comment here and begin it with. Please remember to sign your reply with ~. (Message delivered via the Page Curation tool, on behalf of the reviewer.)

✠ SunDawn ✠    (contact)   12:28, 5 October 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Skyfiler


text:
The Decks Ran Red

The Decks Ran Red (also called Infamy) is a 1958 MGM American seagoing suspense drama film based on the book Infamy at Sea, and directed by Andrew L. Stone. The feature starred James Mason, Dorothy Dandridge, Broderick Crawford, and Stuart Whitman.

The film received generally poor reviews, but received wide viewership for Dorothy Dandridge's role. Filming took place in southern California aboard the Chios, Greece-registered SS Igor (originally the Philip C. Shera), a World War II Liberty Ship owned by the Los and Pezas shipowning families.

Plot
When the captain of the merchant vessel S.S. Berwind dies, Ed Rummill (James Mason) is offered the job. He accepts, even as he is warned of recent problems aboard the ship, now moored at New Zealand. Those problems involve two of the ship's crew members, Henry Scott (Broderick Crawford) and Leroy Martin (Stuart Whitman). The two have hatched an elaborate plot that includes a million-dollar payoff. They intend to anger the crew into mutiny, killing the officers (and eventually the rest of the crew) to make it appear they abandoned a sinking ship, thus leaving Scott in possession of a vessel which, according to maritime law, can be sold off for salvage value.

While still in port, the company's cook, along with two other seamen, have had enough of the Berwind and decide to jump ship. In order to replace them, Captain Rummill authorizes the hiring of a Maori cook (Joel Fluellen) and his young wife (Dorothy Dandridge) to work in the ship's galley as replacements. This turns out to be the new skipper's first mistake. The cook's wife is, to cite Rummill himself, "exotically beautiful." Scott decides to use the woman as a catalyst to stir up more animosity among the crew.

After the ship has sailed, however, the crew refuse to join Scott and Leroy's mutiny. Disappointed, the two retrieve a rifle and handgun they have smuggled aboard. They proceed to shoot 4 of their co-workers and secure the engine room for themselves. In a short time, Rummill and the officers realize no one in the engine room can be contacted. It also becomes apparent that the engine is slowing, due to the ship taking on water as part of Scott's plan to make it appear the crew abandoned a sinking ship. The captain orders that the crew not be informed of this. That way, they won't go for the lifeboats and risk being sniped at by the two muntineers. Meanwhile, a frustrated Scott uses his rifle to pick off additional crew members, starting with the ship's bridge and working his way down. Thus, will Ed Rummill's first command turn out to be his last? Or can he organize the officers and men, largely unarmed, to regain control of the vessel?

Cast

 * James Mason as Capt. Edwin Rummill
 * Dorothy Dandridge as Mahia, Pete's Wife
 * Broderick Crawford as Henry Scott, Mutineer
 * Stuart Whitman as Leroy Martin, Scott's Accomplice
 * Katharine Bard as Joan Rumill
 * Jack Kruschen as Alex Cole
 * John Gallaudet as "Bull" Pringle
 * Barney Phillips as Karl Pope
 * David R. Cross as Mace
 * Hank Patterson as Mr. Moody
 * Harry Bartell as Tom Walsh
 * Joel Fluellen as Pete the Cook
 * Guy Kingsford as Jim Osborne
 * Jonathan Hole as Mr. Adams
 * Harlan Warde as Vic
 * Joel Marston as Russ Hendersen
 * Ed Hinton as Mansard
 * Marshall Kent as Sammy
 * Robert Christopher as Seaman
 * Art Lewis as Seaman

Reception
According to MGM records the film earned $365,000 in the US and Canada and $435,000 elsewhere resulting in a loss of $273,000.

title: The Decks Ran Red


text:
Planckian locus

In physics and color science, the Planckian locus or black body locus is the path or locus that the color of an incandescent black body would take in a particular chromaticity space as the blackbody temperature changes. It goes from deep red at low temperatures through orange, yellowish, white, and finally bluish white at very high temperatures.

A color space is a three-dimensional space; that is, a color is specified by a set of three numbers (the CIE coordinates X, Y, and Z, for example, or other values such as hue, colorfulness, and luminance) which specify the color and brightness of a particular homogeneous visual stimulus. A chromaticity is a color projected into a two-dimensional space that ignores brightness. For example, the standard CIE XYZ color space projects directly to the corresponding chromaticity space specified by the two chromaticity coordinates known as x and y, making the familiar chromaticity diagram shown in the figure. The Planckian locus, the path that the color of a black body takes as the blackbody temperature changes, is often shown in this standard chromaticity space.

Planckian locus in the XYZ color space

In the CIE XYZ color space, the three coordinates defining a color are given by X, Y, and Z:
 * $$X_T = \int_\lambda X(\lambda)M(\lambda,T)\,d\lambda$$
 * $$Y_T = \int_\lambda Y(\lambda)M(\lambda,T)\,d\lambda$$
 * $$Z_T = \int_\lambda Z(\lambda)M(\lambda,T)\,d\lambda$$

where M(λ,T) is the spectral radiant exitance of the light being viewed, and X(λ), Y(λ) and Z(λ) are the color matching functions of the CIE standard colorimetric observer, shown in the diagram on the right, and λ is the wavelength. The Planckian locus is determined by substituting into the above equations the black body spectral radiant exitance, which is given by Planck's law:
 * $$M(\lambda,T) =\frac{c_{1}}{\lambda^5}\frac{1}{\exp\left(\frac{c_2}{{\lambda}T}\right)-1}$$

where:
 * c1 = 2$\pi$hc2 is the first radiation constant
 * c2 = hc/k is the second radiation constant

and
 * M is the black body spectral radiant exitance (power per unit area per unit wavelength: watt per square meter per meter (W/m3))
 * T is the temperature of the black body
 * h is the Planck constant
 * c is the speed of light
 * k is the Boltzmann constant

This will give the Planckian locus in CIE XYZ color space. If these coordinates are XT, YT, ZT where T is the temperature, then the CIE chromaticity coordinates will be
 * $$x_T = \frac{X_T}{X_T+Y_T+Z_T}$$
 * $$y_T = \frac{Y_T}{X_T+Y_T+Z_T}$$

Note that in the above formula for Planck's Law, you might as well use c1L = 2hc2 (the first radiation constant for spectral radiance) instead of c1 (the “regular” first radiation constant), in which case the formula would give the spectral radiance L(λ,T) of the black body instead of the spectral radiant exitance M(λ,T). However, this change only affects the absolute values of XT, YT and ZT, not the values relative to each other. Since XT, YT and ZT are usually normalized to YT = 1 (or YT = 100) and are normalized when xT and yT are calculated, the absolute values of XT, YT and ZT do not matter. For practical reasons, c1 might therefore simply be replaced by 1.

Approximation
The Planckian locus in xy space is depicted as a curve in the chromaticity diagram above. While it is possible to compute the CIE xy co-ordinates exactly given the above formulas, it is faster to use approximations. Since the mired scale changes more evenly along the locus than the temperature itself, it is common for such approximations to be functions of the reciprocal temperature. Kim et al. use a cubic spline:
 * $$x_\text{c}=\begin{cases}

-0.2661239 \frac{10^9}{T^3} - 0.2343589 \frac{10^6}{T^2} + 0.8776956 \frac{10^3}{T} + 0.179910 & 1667\,\text{K} \leq T \leq 4000\,\text{K} \\ -3.0258469 \frac{10^9}{T^3} + 2.1070379 \frac{10^6}{T^2} + 0.2226347 \frac{10^3}{T} + 0.240390 & 4000\,\text{K} \leq T \leq 25000\,\text{K} \end{cases}$$
 * $$y_\text{c}=\begin{cases}

-1.1063814 x_\text{c}^3 - 1.34811020 x_\text{c}^2 + 2.18555832 x_\text{c} - 0.20219683 & 1667\,\text{K} \leq T \leq 2222\,\text{K} \\ -0.9549476 x_\text{c}^3 - 1.37418593 x_\text{c}^2 + 2.09137015 x_\text{c} - 0.16748867 & 2222\,\text{K} \leq T \leq 4000\,\text{K} \\ +3.0817580 x_\text{c}^3 - 5.87338670 x_\text{c}^2 + 3.75112997 x_\text{c} - 0.37001483 & 4000\,\text{K} \leq T \leq 25000\,\text{K} \end{cases}$$

The Planckian locus can also be approximated in the CIE 1960 color space, which is used to compute CCT and CRI, using the following expressions:
 * $$\bar{u}(T)=\frac{0.860117757+1.54118254 \times 10^{-4}T + 1.28641212 \times 10^{-7} T^2}{1+8.42420235 \times 10^{-4}T + 7.08145163 \times 10^{-7}T^2}$$
 * $$\bar{v}(T)=\frac{0.317398726+4.22806245 \times 10^{-5}T + 4.20481691 \times 10^{-8} T^2}{1-2.89741816 \times 10^{-5}T+1.61456053 \times 10^{-7}T^2}$$

This approximation is accurate to within $$\left| u-\bar{u} \right| < 8\times10^{-5}$$ and $$\left|v-\bar{v}\right|<9\times10^{-5}$$ for $$1000\,K<T<15\,000\,K$$. Alternatively, one can use the chromaticity (x, y) coordinates estimated from above to derive the corresponding (u, v), if a larger range of temperatures is required.

The inverse calculation, from chromaticity co-ordinates (x, y) on or near the Planckian locus to correlated color temperature, is discussed in .

Correlated color temperature
"The correlated color temperature (Tcp) is the temperature of the Planckian radiator whose perceived colour most closely resembles that of a given stimulus at the same brightness and under specified viewing conditions"

The mathematical procedure for determining the correlated color temperature involves finding the closest point to the light source's white point on the Planckian locus. Since the CIE's 1959 meeting in Brussels, the Planckian locus has been computed using the CIE 1960 color space, also known as MacAdam's (u,v) diagram. Today, the CIE 1960 color space is deprecated for other purposes:

"The 1960 UCS diagram and 1964 Uniform Space are declared obsolete recommendation in CIE 15.2 (1986), but have been retained for the time being for calculating colour rendering indices and correlated colour temperature."

Owing to the perceptual inaccuracy inherent to the concept, it suffices to calculate to within 2 K at lower CCTs and 10 K at higher CCTs to reach the threshold of imperceptibility.

International Temperature Scale
The Planckian locus is derived by the determining the chromaticity values of a Planckian radiator using the standard colorimetric observer. The relative spectral power distribution (SPD) of a Planckian radiator follows Planck's law, and depends on the second radiation constant, $$c_2=hc/k$$. As measuring techniques have improved, the General Conference on Weights and Measures has revised its estimate of this constant, with the International Temperature Scale (and briefly, the International Practical Temperature Scale). These successive revisions caused a shift in the Planckian locus and, as a result, the correlated color temperature scale. Before ceasing publication of standard illuminants, the CIE worked around this problem by explicitly specifying the form of the SPD, rather than making references to black bodies and a color temperature. Nevertheless, it is useful to be aware of previous revisions in order to be able to verify calculations made in older texts:
 * $$c_2$$ = $1.432 m·K$ (ITS-27). Note: Was in effect during the standardization of Illuminants A, B, C (1931), however the CIE used the value recommended by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards, 1.435 × 10−2
 * $$c_2$$ = $1.438 m·K$ (IPTS-48). In effect for Illuminant series D (formalized in 1967).
 * $$c_2$$ = $1.439 m·K$ (ITS-68), (ITS-90). Often used in recent papers.
 * $$c_2$$ = $1.439 m·K$ (CODATA 2010)
 * $$c_2$$ = $1.439 m·K$ (CODATA 2014)
 * $$c_2$$ = $1.439 m·K$ (CODATA 2018). Current value, as of 2020. The 2019 redefinition of the SI base units fixed the Boltzmann constant to an exact value. Since the Planck constant and the speed of light were already fixed to exact values, that means that c2 is now an exact value as well. Note that ... doesn't indicate a repeating fraction; it merely means that of this exact value only the first ten digits are shown.

title: Planckian locus


text:
Matej Ninoslav

Matej Ninoslav (Матеј Нинослав; died 1250) was the Ban of Bosnia in the period of 1232–50. Most of Bosnia was under the Kingdom of Hungary from 1235 to 1241. Ninoslav was also a Prince of Split in 1242–1244 during the local civil war. Ninoslav established control of most of Bosnia after the Hungarian withdrawal. Ninoslav continually defended Bosnia during the Bosnian Crusade that persecuted its heretic population. He was succeeded by his cousin, Ban Prijezda, in 1254.

Early rule
Before his rule, early in his life, Ninoslav was an opposer of the Bosnian Church, a faithful Hungarian supporter and a pious Catholic Christian. Entering his rule, Matej Ninoslav forcibly replaced his predecessor, Stjepan Kulinić with the help of the adherents of the Bosnian Church, which caused good relations with Serbia to sour.

During his rule, Ninoslav served as a faithful Hungarian vassal, but was greatly underestimated during his reign. The Prenestine Bishop James, serving as the Pope's legate, finished a business in Hungary and came to Bosnia to influence Matej Ninoslav to give a statement that he will remain a Catholic, even though his ancestors were adherents of the Bosnian Church. The Roman Pope wrote a letter to Matej Ninoslav thus on 10 October 1233, guaranteeing his integrity and putting him under his protectorate: "Hugging you with true love, your person and your land of Bosnia. We accept under the protection of Saint Peter and Us with all the lands, that you rightfully hold, and We stand by you through the protection of this letter, as long as you remain in Catholic religion..." The letter also bears a mention of his Krstjani n cousin, Prijezda, who now returned to his old religion by converting to Catholicism. This was insufficient to the Pope's emissaries - so Prijezda had to give his son hostage as a guarantee. Ban Ninoslav himself had to beg to Rome itself for the release of Prijezda's son.

In 1234, King Andrew II of Hungary gifted Ninoslav's title to Herzeg Coloman, who passed on the title on to Matej's cousin, Prijezda during the crusades between 1234 and 1239, weakening Matej's position as Ban. At the same time, the son of former Bosnia's Ban Stjepan, Prince Sibislav of Usora began to intrude on Ninoslav's territory with his forces, trying to return the title of Ban to the House of Kulinić. To make matters worse; the Pope was unsatisfied with the Krstjani in Bosnia; so he replaced the old, presumably strayed Bosnian Bishop, in 1233, with a German member of the Dominican Order Johannes Wildeshausen. Wildeshausen was not welcomed in Bosnia since its population did not want an extremely zealous German for their ecclesiastical leader. The Pope's emissaries to Bosnia become more frequent as the situation becomes more tense. It led to Pope Gregory IX calling for a Crusade on Bosnia on 17 October 1234. This proclamation was given in Rome the same significance of the Crusades for the Holy Land. On 9 August 1235, the Pope also confirmed King Andrew's proclamation of Croatia's Herzog Coloman as the legitimate Ban of Bosnia.

Edicts to Dubrovnik
Some time between 1232 and 1235, Matej issued an edict to the Republic of Ragusa, guaranteeing the old privileges given to Ragusa by Ban Kulin long ago. It dealt with commercial privileges and states that for deceit by a Vlach of a Serb, a Bosnian court was to be conveyed. But for deceit of a Serb over a Vlach, a court was to be convened in Ragusa (Dubrovnik). Ninoslav reissued the edict to Ragusa on 22 March 1240, but expanded it to include a protectorate guaranteeing the independence of Ragusa in case of an attack by Rascian King Stefan Vladislav. The latter was reissued in March 1249 during the reign of King Stefan Uroš I. In all three of them the terms Serbs (Srblji) for Bosnians and Vlachs (Vlasi) for Ragusans were used, however such terminology was never used beforehand or afterwards for the Bosnians, nor of Vlachs for Ragusans by the Bosnians. It is considered that the terminology was brought from Serbian documents via the Dubrovnik office (first written by notary Desoje, and two others by notary Paskal who previously copied a document by Stefan the First-Crowned of Serbia).

Late rule and the Crusades
The Hungarians amassed an immense Crusader Force. The Bosnians did not want to give up their religion for another, under Hungarian sword, so they organized resistance. Soon the Crusaders, led by Croatia's Herzog Coloman, stormed Bosnia. As Ban Matej did not have the strength to oppose, he retreated to the impassable mountains and primeval forests. The war lasted for almost five years and was exhausting for both sides as can be seen in the fact that Bishop Wildeshausen begged the Pope to relieve him from his duty. Ninoslav put up a staunch defense. Prince Sibislav of Usora joined the fight against Ninoslav soon. Many of the Bosnian noblemen under Sibislav crossed to the Hungarian side, while others were simply too afraid to act. On 26 April 1238, it seemed that Coloman had destroyed the heretic strength in Bosnia, reporting to the Pope that Bosnia had been cleansed. On 23 December 1238, Coloman continued to amass victories against the heretic side. Although the Crusaders managed to freely overrun the Western Areas and the Hum they could never get a permanent hold of Bosnia proper. In 1237, deemed incapable, Bishop Wildeshausen was replaced by the Pope with a Hungarian Dominican, who conducted terror by burning the Bogomils on stakes. Matej had to retreat to Dubrovnik in 1240, after the numerous crusaders overran his realm.

In 1241, the Tartars invaded Hungary and killed Herzog Coloman on the river of Šaj. King Bela IV was on the retreat which enabled Ninoslav to restore control over most of Bosnia. The Bosnian Church prevailed and would continue to play an integral role in the inner politics of Bosnian society until the Ottoman conquest.

Split-Trogir conflict
In retaliation, Ninoslav punished the Pope's supporters throughout Bosnia after he restored control. His cousin, Prijezda, fled to Hungary. Ninoslav also intervened in the civil war in Croatia between the loyalist city of Trogir and rebelling Split as he was looking to gain more of Split's possessions. He sided with Split which rebelled against King Bela IV and elected Ninoslav as its new Prince. The Split assault on the City of Trogir failed, but the City's surroundings were devastated. In 1244, King Bela sent one of his two armies on Bosnia against Ninoslav. Ninoslav lost Split, as the Hungarian Army, under Slavonia's Ban Dionisus, together with the forces of Trogir took the city in the summer of 1244. A peace treaty was signed on July 19, 1244. The amnesty itself excluded Split's allies, presented by Ninoslav. The other army was led by King Bela and breached to the city of Glaško in Bosnia. Bosnia was not harmed itself by the King's military campaign and a peace was signed on 20 July 1244 with Ban Ninoslav and his brothers and nobility, that confirmed the rights and lands of the Bosnian Church. Bela's negotiations lasted in Glaško from 15th to 21 July. Matej Ninoslav had to only nominally recognize Hungarian rule and kept his possessions abroad, in Slavonia. He also had to grant numerous lands in Bosnia itself, recognizing and keeping the organization and infrastructure of the Catholic Church.

Proposed Crusade against Ninoslav
The Bosnian heresy remained strong, so King Bela IV and the Roman Catholic Archbishop requested that Pope Innocent IV launch a new Crusade against Ninoslav in 1247. The situation grew very dangerous, so Ninoslav wrote to the new Pope that he always remained a staunch Catholic Christian, and never a heretic. This was confirmed by the Pope's delegates that visited Bosnia shortly thereafter. The Pope wrote to the Catholic Archbishop in 1248 stating that he found Ninoslav to be a noble man and loyal to the Catholic faith, despite the sympathy he received infidels against his old enemies, and asked the Archbishop not to rise up against the Ban.

The remainder of his reign, Ban Ninoslav Matej dealt with inner matters in Bosnia. His death after 1249, possibly in 1250, brought some conflicts over the throne; as the Bosnian Church desired someone from their own sphere of interest, and the Hungarians side desired someone that they could easily control. Eventually, King Bela IV conquered and pacified Bosnia and succeed in putting Ninoslav's Catholic cousin Prijezda as the Bosnian Ban. The Bosnian Bishop was expelled to Djakovo in Slavonia and never returned to Bosnia, with the Roman Catholic Church permanently losing all greater foundations in Bosnia.

Annotations

 * Name: His name is mostly spelled Matej Ninoslav (Матеј Нинослав), and also Matija Ninoslav.

title: Matej Ninoslav


text:
Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik

Yitzchok Zev Halevi Soloveitchik (Hebrew: יצחק זאב הלוי סולובייצ'יק), also known as Velvel Soloveitchik ("Zev" means "wolf" in Hebrew, and "Velvel" is the diminutive of "wolf" in Yiddish) or the Brisker Rov ("rabbi of/from Brisk", (19 October 1886 – 11 October 1959), was an Orthodox rabbi and rosh yeshiva of the Brisk yeshiva in Jerusalem.

A scion of the Soloveitchik rabbinical dynasty, he is commonly referred to as the "GRY"Z" (an acronym for Gaon Rabbi Yitzchok Zev) and "The Rov". He was known for his stringency in halakha (Jewish law) and advocacy for non-participation in the Israeli political system.

Biography
Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik was born to Chaim Soloveitchik in Valozhyn. On his mother's side, he was the grandson of Refael Shapiro, a rosh yeshiva in the Volozhin yeshiva.

Soloveitchik moved with his family the Jewish community of Brisk after the czarist government closed the Volozhin yeshiva. He would succeed his father as a rabbi of Brisk and leader of Judaic studies in his region.

After fleeing the Holocaust and moving to Mandatory Palestine, he re-established the Brisk yeshiva in Jerusalem, where he continued to educate students the way his father did. That system would become known as the Brisker method of studying the Talmud, a form of analysis stressing conceptual understanding combined with strict adherence to the text, with a special emphasis on Maimonides’ work, the Mishneh Torah.

Soloveitchik was a leader of the Haredi community in Israel. He advocated complete withdrawal of participation in the government, the secular ideals and values of which were, in his view, antithetical to the principles of Orthodox Judaism. He went as far as opposing the reliance on government funding in support of yeshivas and other Torah institutions. This viewpoint was supported by Joel Teitelbaum but disputed by Elazar Shach.

After Soloveitchik died in Jerusalem, his sons, among them Rabbi Berel, Rabbi Meshulam Dovid and Rabbi Meir Soloveitchik, established  their own yeshivas , each teaching  their own students in accordance with their father's approach.

Halakhic approach
Soloveichik was known for his stringency in halakha (Jewish law). This partly stems from his use of the Brisker method of study, in which laws are broken down into precise components, which can then be assembled into new combinations, creating novel halachic possibilities which perhaps a person should be strict to follow or avoid. This, however, does not explain all of his stringencies.

He is reputed to have observed Yom tov sheni shel galuyot (a second day of Yom Tov) in Jerusalem. The practice is normally reserved only for areas outside the Holy Land as a memory for ancient times, when people far from Jerusalem would not hear about the declaration of the new month, and by extension would not know on which day to celebrate the holidays. Soloveitchik's concern revolved around the possibility that the messengers who announced the new month may not have passed by the exact place where he lived in Jerusalem on their way to the Jewish diaspora. Taking this possibility into account, he observed a second day, just to be safe.

In one case, Soloveitchik surprised observers by not following a well-known stringency. Halakha states that on Sukkot, one is required to eat certain foods in a sukkah. It is praiseworthy, but not required, that all eating and drinking take place in the sukkah. Soloveitchik was willing to eat and drink certain foods outside the sukkah, explaining that he is only stringent in areas where there is a chance that the stringency might be required by the halakha, whereas in this case, the halakhic permissiveness is unquestionable. Soloveitchik was very careful when speaking to not recite from memory rather he would read all his sources from their original works. Even though he knew them by heart, this comes from the Brisker commitment to truth.

title: Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik


text:
John Cordner (politician)

John Cordner (3 July 1816 – 22 June 1894) was the first Unitarian minister in Canada.

Cordner was born in Ireland, where his family in Newry belonged to a politically radical sect of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland. Cordner studied at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution, then worked in commerce. He was ordained in 1843 as a Unitarian minister. That year, he emigrated to Montreal to become minister to the first Unitarian congregation in Canada.

Cordner's ministry was successful and popular, especially among the upper-middle classes and the business elite. He wrote and edited several magazines. In sermons and speeches, he championed progressive issues: world peace, woman's rights, and anti-slavery in the US, among others. He was succeeded by William Sullivan Barnes.

He retired to Boston for the warmer climate where he died in 1894. He was still writing on issues important to the Unitarian movement.

title: John Cordner (politician)


text:
User talk:Rich Farmbrough/20050412-01

Justin Canha and the Google Test
Hello, Rich. I just saw your justification to not speedy delete the Justin canha article, in the article's history page. Responding to my speedy deletion reason: "This is an article about someone with less than 500 hits on Google", you said (sic): "Google hits do not a speedy deletion make".

Are we abolishing the Google Test?

Among other reasons to do a Google Test there is: ...to decide whether a person is famous enough to have an article or is just making the page because of vanity

--Abu Badali 17:15, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * Firstly The Google test has always been and very likely always will remain an imperfect tool used to produce a general gauge of notability. It is not and should never be considered definitive.

 * Secondly notability or lack thereof is not a reason for speedy deletion neither is vanity. Criteria for speedy deletion

 * I agree that Justin Canha almost certainly “should” be speedied, but under the current policy it needs to go to VfD. Rich Farmbrough 19:24, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

VFD
Just one more thing, Google Test was really voted for deletion. But the result was keep. --Abu Badali 17:23, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

.
Hello--Crestville 18:17, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rich Farmbrough/20050412-01


text:
Talk:Vicky Pope

WTF, mate?
Is this even real? It could make more sense, convery more information.

 * (William M. Connolley 20:37, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)) Its real (as following the links would tell you). Its a stub, of course.

Guardian quotation not on the web?
This quotation about consensus and skeptics evidently dates back to before the above 2005 comments. I had to look hard to find the Guardian story to use for the cite, but I found it at

http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/articles/0,,1371594,00.html

I will also fix some formatting problems of mismatched quotation marks.

There are two more recent Guardian web articles quoting Dr. Pope:

"Extreme drought will spread, warn forecasters" Ian Sample, science correspondent Wednesday October 4, 2006

[Climate change] "is something we need to take extremely seriously. Even if droughts get only half as bad as we predict it will have a tremendous impact."

and

"Experts debate global impact of greenhouse gases", Guardian Unlimited, Tuesday February 1 2005

Vicky Pope, head of the Met Office's climate prediction programmme, said emissions had been produced since the industrial revolution but that technology had only recently been able to reveal what has happened over the last century, and predict what might happen in the future.

"Even the most conservative predictions will give us substantial climate changes by the end of the century," she said.

The 2006 one is more emphatic.Birdbrainscan 03:32, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Vicky Pope. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131004232843/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/people/vicky-pope to http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/people/vicky-pope

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:08, 26 December 2017 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: https://www.ucl.ac.uk/steapp/people/pope. Copied or closely paraphrased material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.)

For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, and, if allowed under fair use, may copy sentences and phrases, provided they are included in quotation marks and referenced properly. The material may also be rewritten, providing it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Therefore, such paraphrased portions must provide their source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Davemck (talk) 00:35, 30 May 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vicky Pope