text:
Talk:Anti-social behaviour order

Keep it neutral
Many are complaining about what this article implies in certain areas. Moaning about how it's arguing for a side. I have neutralised some wording on here, but we must leave the stories that some may consider "whacky", as long as we do not turn it into any form of propaganda.

If someone feels distressed at the concentration on "whacky" ASBO cases, then feel free to create a section that comments how some have praised the ASBO, but keep it neutral.

Legal remedies?
I came to this article hoping to find information like whether it's possible to appeal against an ASBO. If anyone knows this, perhaps they could add it to the article!--New Thought 13:54, 25 July 2006 (UTC) Sorry for the late response but you can appeal an ASBO See: WikiCrimeLine Appeals against ASBOs

Miscellaneous Concerns About This Article
Why don't you concentrate on the good aspects of ASBO Legislation instead of being the usual, run of the mill, boring teller of "whacky" ASBO Stories

ASBO has a place in modern society because modern society has failed miserable. We are a Nation of whingers who want things to happen to improve our lives but when that change occurs our bleeding heart suddenly turn in panic and we start bleating about a Nanny State!

Its just typical of the malaise affecting this Country since the Lefties of the 60's started to ruin every aspect of our lives.

 * Ah yes those damn lefties with their "democracy" and their "rule of law" and their "human rights" and their "justice" why won't they just go away so we can institute summary executions for sneezing?

 * That's like asking for an article to focus on the good aspects of getting shot in the face. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.185.167.13 (talk) 11:49, 23 December 2012 (UTC)

i think that this Anti Social Behaviour Order may finally bring an end to the uncontrollable youths who are terrorising our communities which can usually be traced back to bad parenting -145.229.156.40

I recall an article in The Economist some time ago discussing these, and giving as an example an elderly man who was prohibited from making sarcastic comments to his neighbour; the Economist suggested that it was somewhat ridiculous that a government could legally prohibit someone from making sarcastic comments. Anyone recall the specific case or have more information? --Delirium 23:17, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

There are loads of these. has some, has some more.

Both this and Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003 need a lot, and need to be scrupulously NPOV (I'm strongly anti). I think this article should contain:

 * moral panics - folk devils?
 * criminal law vs civil law (beyond reasonable doubt doesn't apply -can use hearsay evidence) - [added] this is not correct. First, the standard in criminal law is not "beyond reasonable doubt". A court/jury should convict if they are "sure" of guilt. This is what a judge tells a jury - that they should be "sure" of the defendant's guilt in order to convict. Second, the burden of proof to this criminal standard does apply in free-standing asbo applications. The court must be "sure" to the criminal standard that the respondent to the application has acted in an anti-social manner before it may consider imposing an asbo.
 * breaching is an imprisonable offense, even if behaviour that caused order not criminal
 * no clear definition of anti-social behaviour and no punishment restrictions? - [added] the definition of anti-social behaviour is contained in the act. It is conduct that causes harassment, alarm and distress. If this has been demonstrated to the criminal standard, the court may only order an asbo if it is necessary. Therefore, a person can be caused harassment, alarm and distress but the court can still consider that an asbo is not necessary.
 * statistics - especially if broken down
 * apparently 97% of applications are successful. (where is this stat from?)

and more. Secretlondon 03:28, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

We could make a whole article listing these but:

etc etc - children, protestors, post release, alcohol etc, farcical
 * Scottish woman banning her from answering her front door in her underwear. She faces jail if she is seen in her garden or windows in knickers and bra.
 * Norfolk pig farmer re: pigs in gardens.
 * Person not allowed to show stump whilst begging
 * various animal rights protestors
 * 60 year old banned from sunbathing in a thong
 * parking in a disabled spot without badge
 * rowing with your wife
 * making complaints to public bodies
 * sarcasm

 * A few examples are ok but we don't want to be a database for every 'weird' ASBO given out. Skinnyweed 11:02, 18 June 2006 (UTC)

I, personally, can't believe legislation like this would pass in to law in a free society. Big brother's watching I suppose .. I wonder if I should stop taking showers in the nude? Oh crap, sarcasm ... I'm screwed.

Criminal standard?
An IP has changed the article to say that the evidence must be to the standard of criminal law not civil law. This contradicts things I've read on this subject. Anyone know for sure? Secretlondon 15:40, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

No evidence is based upon civil law ie. hearsay, reports and evidence from witnesses who who are absent from the court. This is part of the reason why they are so effective, oftern when a criminal case has been thrown out of the criminal court the police will still use the case for an ASBO in the civil court. Although breach of the asbo is a criminal matter. [added] This is not accurate. Evidence may be used in a criminal case for a specific charge, for example, affray or assault. The criminal case may fail. However, the evidence can still be used. The test for an asbo is whether the behaviour has caused a person to feel harassment, alarm or distress. The evidence used in the criminal case may not demonstrate that there had been an actual assault or an affray. But it may show that a person was caused harassment, alarm or distress. Therefore, it is not the 'criminal case' which is used in the 'civil case'. It is the evidence that is used.

 * Actually it's a combination of the two - criminal standard of proof but anonymous testimony and hearsay are admissible. Confirmation can be found in Home Office guidelines here....http://www.together.gov.uk/cagetfile.asp?rid=536

[added] It's not a combination of the two. The House of Lords held that as ASBO proceedings were civil in their nature it followed, at least in principle, that the ordinary civil standard of proof applied. However, it continued that given the seriousness of the matters involved, at least some reference to the heightened civil standard was necessary. The Lords stated that this standard was all but indistinguishable from the criminal standard and that as a matter of pragmatism, in all asbo cases, the criminal standard of proof was to be applied: R V MANCHESTER CROWN COURT, EX PARTE MCCANN & ORS (2003) 1 AC 787; (2002) 3 WLR 1313; (2002) 4 All ER 593; The Times, October 21, 2002.

When hearsay evidence is called, the court must still be satisfied to the criminal standard that the respondent has acted in an anti-social manner. The burden of proof is not lowered by the use of hearsay evidence. The hearsay evidence must meet the higher standard. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.2.52.8 (talk) 22:47, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

International law
Did anybody challenge ASBO in front of EU or UN courts? What were the results? 195.70.48.242 11:34, 11 January 2006 (UTC)
 * There aren't really any EU or UN courts.. There is the European Court of Human Rights (which isn't connected to the EU, it's connected to the Council of Europe) and the European Court of Justice. It would be the European Court of Human Rights, that would get involved in this I think. I don't know what happened but I'll see if I can find out. Secretlondon 12:36, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

NPOV
I removed "Rather than providing her with treatment or counselling," from the ASBO for attempting suicide paragraph. First, it's not clear to me that this is an option for magistrates, particularly when the woman in question does not suffer from a mental disorder (as reported in the press). Second, the phrasing doesn't suggest a NPOV. I think readers can draw their own conclusions from a bald statement of the facts. Mark Nesbitt 13:10, 14 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I changed "sarcastic remarks" to "sarcastic remarks to neighbours or their visitors"; as it stood before it was misleading. I agree with the NPOV flag here, the infrequent eccentric uses are strongly highlighted and changed slightly to make ASBOs appear more personally offensive. mr_happyhour

I'm not from UK and because I've heard about ASBO, I came to read this article to learn more about that piece of legislation. As it stands, the article mentions rather absurd examples of ASBOs. However, the article states that there is public support for this legislation so the article really needs to describe some cases where, according to the supporters of the legislation, applying this legislation makes sense and is effective in reducing whatever it is supposed to reduce. 80.221.36.191

More POV
The article currently makes ASBOs out to be draconian. Whether they are or not isn't the point: the article has to maintain a level of POV. Example: The claim that "a seventeen-year-old forbidden to use his front door" makes ASBOs seem ridiculous and tyrannical, but checking out the source shows that "So bad was his behaviour, which included attacking homes and cars and shouting obscenities, that police had to use CS gas to subdue him" -- hence, the guy wasn't some innocent victim. Other stuff, like having Thought police listed in the "See Also" makes it quite obvious that this article needs a serious POV clean up. I'm not saying that ASBOs aren't crap or often overly harsh; all I'm saying is that this article needs to be a bit more diplomatic, and more importantly, honest, about things. 66.229.160.94 00:42, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

 * While you can keep the tone neutral - there is only so much you can do to avoid the facts. An ASBO means that in Britain today you can be banned from doing something that is not illegal itself - under a set of entirely subjective conditions. If you fall afowl of the police or neighbours for your political views - you can have your freedoms severely curtailed under the premise of an ASBO.

 * And the clear facts are that the ASBOs are not just used for unruly teenagers. Even when they are, it's probably not the most useful thing in the world - and will create more people with criminal records  (when they break the ASBO) or resentment of the authorities.

 * There is no way that an objective detailing of what ASBOs entail will show them in a positive light. zoney ♣ talk 11:22, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

How about
How about forking this into an article listing notable (i.e. weird and interesting) ASBOs, and then mentioning them here putting a Main article: List of notable ASBOs or something to that effect under the subheading? Joffeloff 12:49, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

Breaches
While this is an old article, and a comment piece at that, it says that 42% of ASBOs are breached, leading to a jail term and contributing to the overcrowding in British prisons. Is there a more up-to-date statistic on this? Confusing Manifestation 02:18, 7 July 2006 (UTC)
 * In todays newpaper they say thet 55% of the ASBOs issued between 2000 and 2008 was broken. Since 1999 broken ASBOs have led to more then 5500 people getting jailed. It also mentions that Amnesty International have criticised the overcrowding. It also mentions some wacky ASBOs like 33year old Michael Logan that isn't allowed to sing Bob Marley songs and a persson putting anti-war flyers in 50 mailboxes. I also notice that the article seem to leave out what happens if you break an ASBO. // Liftarn (talk) 17:59, 17 August 2011 (UTC)

reference needed
Please can someone provide a reference for the Derby water drinker tale?

Criticism section
I believe that WP:NPOV and WP:WTA both indicate that we should not be using sections specifically for outlining criticism. Instead, these criticisms should be throughout the article. This doesn't mean we shouldn't have a section titled 'Civil Liberties Groups Responses' or similar (but with better grammar).-Localzuk(talk) 09:52, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

I have a couple of refs but no time to enter them properly- referring to the two NACRO criticisms of ASBOS - they are in Wikinews format - help please. See them by opening 'edit'.

Fenton Robb 19:26, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

Insanity
The UK is dissolving into martial law. Anything that documents this is worthy of praise and I praise the authors of this article. Whilst the ASBO could be seen as the final solution for the 'Neighbors from hell' problem of urbia, its just giving yet more power to people who don't deserve it.

Police State?
Is it really appropriate to have a link to Police State in the See Also section? This is a POV, and the ASBO's aren't exactly the beginnings of a police state. If no-one complains, I'm going to remove it. Big Moira 18:50, 11 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I think it should be there as some people have noted that the introduction of ASBO's was a slippery slope into a police state. It is a POV, but it is one that is held by a significant minority. I think a single link is not undue weight so it should stay.-Localzuk(talk) 21:01, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Yeah, sure, moron! —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 213.54.18.150 (talk • contribs).

 * Huh? You replying to me or to Big Moira? -Localzuk(talk) 14:22, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

 * If you observe carefully you'll see that Britain is steadily turning into a police state and ASBOs are one sign of that. 80.47.208.148 20:58, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

 * There may be something to this, but unless the issue of police states is discussed explicitly in the article, with appropriate citations, then we can't justify linking to it. garik 14:34, 24 May 2007 (UTC)
 * That isn't how See also works though. If it were discussed in the article then it would be linked within the text. As it isn't and there is a link, it should be linked in See Also.-Localzuk(talk) 14:59, 24 May 2007 (UTC)
 * OK, I take your point there, but including it in "See Also" remains POV, and we need something in the article to support linking to it. On the same basis, you could include a link to Fascism here, or to Mass Murder in the George Bush article.  Both reflect the opinion of some people, but that's no justification for including such a link. garik 21:39, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

Improving the NPOV of the article
The article, as it stands, is quite well balanced. However we need a little more information on the 'non-typical' asbos as they seem to be written for shock value at the moment.

We also need to add information about support for ASBOs as there seems to be an overall 'anti' asbo feel to the page (although this isn't too strong). -Localzuk(talk) 13:59, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

A case at Manchester Magistrates Court, November-December 2002.
the article refers to a case where 2 youths were prevented from wearing a golf glove in manchester. but the refrence is simply "A case at Manchester Magistrates Court, November-December 2002." which is probably the vagest refrence i've seen in a while. could somebody find an actual refrence? otherwise i would feel that it should not suggest that it is a refrenced fact. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Keirstitt (talk • contribs) 22:15, 13 February 2007 (UTC).

POV
I believe I have dealt with a fair amount of the problems that this article had regarding POV. It now needs work to tidy up its actually wording though. Any takers?-Localzuk(talk) 18:46, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

Are you sure the ASBO in the Republic of Ireland is introduced in March of this year? A case in my town was brought against someone in about January of this year. 86.43.68.170 21:05, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

ASBO concern
This was in the article. Removing and sticking here. Secretlondon 17:59, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

ASBO Concern highlights the following issues:

1. Asbos can be used to criminalise behaviour that would otherwise not be illegal. Under asbo law, people have been banned from playing football, feeding pigeons, swearing, being sarcastic and riding a bicycle. Asbo laws have also been used to curb people's rights to free speech and association. It is not uncommon for someone to be banned from being with more than one other person in a public place.

2. If you breach your asbo you can be sent to jail for 5 years, with children aged under 17 years facing a 2 year Detention and Training Order. Overall, one in four of those who have been given an asbo have ended up in prison.

3. The Government said that asbos would only be imposed on children "in exceptional circumstances" but this promise has proved to be worthless. In reality, more than four in ten asbos have been imposed on young people aged less than 17 years old.

4. Many of these asbos have been imposed on children with special needs. A study by the British institute for Brain Injured Children (BIBIC) found that up to 35 percent of young people with asbos had a diagnosed mental disorder or accepted learning difficulty.

5. Asbos have also been imposed on vulnerable adults including people with mental health problems and homeless beggars: - One homeless man was given an asbo banning him from begging in an 'earnest and humble manner'. He carried on begging, was jailed and died in prison. - In another shocking case, a suicidal woman was banned from going near the railways, multistorey car parks, rivers or bridges. Instead of offering support to deal with her depression, the judge threatened her with imprisonment for being a nuisance!

6. Anyone who gets and asbo can be publicly 'named and shamed' - this means that your photo and personal details are posted on the internet, through door to door leaflet drops and poster campaigns. Children as young as 10 have been named and shamed in this way, with some facing threats of violence from vigilantes as a result. Other children regard naming and shaming as a perverse "badge of honour", making it very unlikely to change their behaviour for the better.

7. Asbos are being misused because they are so easy to impose. Less than one in a hundred of the applications made so far have been refused This is because local council officials or the police merely have to persuade a judge that your behaviour "may cause harassment or alarm or distress" to someone else to get one imposed. They are also allowed to use second or third hand hearsay as evidence in court, so it is very hard to defend yourself against vindictive or mistaken allegations.

8. There is no evidence that asbos stop people from behaving antisocially. More than four in ten are breached and frequently those that are not merely move the problem on to another area. This is because at best they are a quick fix which fails to address the root cause of problem behavour.

9. There is strong public support more positive methods of tackling antisocial behaviour. Research by the Joseph Rowntree Trust found that two thirds of those surveyed preferred preventative approaches to punitive approaches such as asbos.

10. Asboconcern has presented the government with a dossier of evidence of the widespread misuse of asbos. But Ministers have so far refused to accept our call for full independent review of their use. We believe that the public has the right to know why so many asbos are being imposed, how many asbo recipients have disabilities or medical conditions, what people are being banned from doing and why so many asbos fail to work. Small Text

 * I put it back, then tidied it, then commented it out. Anthony Appleyard 06:24, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

 * What is the point of putting it in the article and then commenting it out? It looks like the text of a leaflet or something - its not suitable for the article but would be suitable as a reference if we can find the original prose. Secretlondon 21:56, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

ASBOS
SO WHAT CAN I DO WHEN THE FATHER OF THE FAMILY I WANT TO GET THE ASBO OUT ON IS A POLICE MAN! AND I HAVE REPOTED HIM TWICE, ONCE TO HIS SARGENT AND THEN TO ANOTHER SAGENT AT ANOTHER POLICE STATION, I DUN IT OFF RECORD AS I DIDNT WANT TO LOSE HIM HIS JOB, THOUGHT DOIN IT THIS WAY WOULD WORK, BUT ITS GETIN BAD AGAIN, SO NOW I HAVE TO GET THE ASBO!
 * I'm sorry to hear of your problems but please remember that this isn't a forum for expressing them. If you feel there is a problem with ASBO law or difficulty with someone, please contact a solicitor.-Localzuk(talk) 17:54, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

Dispersal orders
I've removed the claim

 * An ASBO granted to a whole area, to part of Skegness allowing the police to arrest anyone who caused trouble in the area.

"Skegness is given an ASBO", Skegness Today, 26 July 2006. URL accessed on 2 August 2006.

This is clearly talking about a dispersal order, and has nothing to do with ASBOs, despite the claim in the referenced news article (which I assume has intended to be humerous). Roy Badami 23:20, 22 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I have re-instated it as a dispersal order under the Anti Social Behaviour Act 2003 is a form of ASBO. These orders are made in the same way as an ASBO but apply to an area instead of a person or group of people.-Localzuk(talk) 23:24, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

I question the fact that it is made under the Antisocial Behaviour Act makes it an ASBO. This is clearly not what the term ASBO normally means Roy Badami 23:28, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

Also, I would add that dispersal orders are hardly unusual, and there is nothing special about Skipton. If we want to talk about dispersal orders, lets have a section on 'other provisions of antisocial behaviour legislation'. Let's not pretend that this was some novel and inventive use of an ASBO, because it isn't one. Roy Badami 23:30, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Ah, actually, looking at it the 2 do seem to have a difference. My confusion is based on discussions with, what appears to be now, an ill informed police officer. The problem is, we should cover Dispersal orders in a bit more detail somewhere on WP. I shall look into doing this at some point soon.-Localzuk(talk) 23:35, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

Good Behaviour Bond
In Australia, courts can issue people with a "Good Behaviour Bond". Maybe this should be merged into a common Wiki article. 203.166.255.9 00:39, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

Two points:
Firstly, the "anti-social behaviour" link in the into re-directs to "Antisocial personality disorder", which is not (always) the same thing.

Secondly, the next section begins simply:
 * United Kingdom

 * In the United Kingdom, this is defined as "conduct which caused or was likely to cause alarm, harassment, or distress to one or more persons not of the same household as him or herself and where an ASBO is seen as necessary to protect relevant persons from further anti-social acts by the Defendant".[3] In England and Wales they are issued by Magistrates' Courts, and in Scotland by the Sheriff Courts.

What "this" is this referring to? anti-social beahaviour, or ASBOs themselves? It seems to start off referring to the former, then switch mid-sentance to the later. Indeed, this paragraph is a partial duplication of the first section of Prevention of crime and disorder act. The full text of this section reads:
 * 1 Anti-social behaviour orders

 * (1) An application for an order under this section may be made by a relevant authority if it appears to the authority that the following conditions are fulfilled with respect to any person aged 10 or over, namely—

 * (a) that the person has acted, since the commencement date, in an anti-social manner, that is to say, in a manner that caused or was likely to cause harassment, alarm or distress to one or more persons not of the same household as himself; and

 * (b) that such an order is necessary to protect persons in the local government area in which the harassment, alarm or distress was caused or was likely to be caused from further anti-social acts by him;

 * and in this section “relevant authority” means the council for the local government area or any chief officer of police any part of whose police area lies within that area.

When I have the time, I'll see if I can write a better description of whichever thing (ASBOs or antisocial behaviour) is most relevant here. 212.159.79.130 08:52, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I'd say anti-social behaviour and anti social personality disorder were very different things. Secretlondon (talk) 09:41, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

How long does an ASBO last?
Once a person is given an ASBO, do they ever expire? This is not addressed in the main article Throckmorton Guildersleeve (talk) 16:40, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Each ASBO can last for as long as the Judge allows from a minimum of two years.86.0.201.68 (talk) 20:31, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

Scotland
The current references to Scotland are wrong. ASBOs were introduced in Scotland (with some differences) in 1998 i.e. before Devolution. At the moment it says they were introduced in 2004 for the first time. They were modified in criminal justice legislation in 2001 and again in the Antisocial Behaviour etc (Scotland) Act 2004.86.0.201.68 (talk) 20:31, 20 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Indeed. They were introduced in 1998 under the same law as the rest of the UK, but with their own wording to reflect the different legal system. I shall ammend it.-Localzuk(talk) 18:44, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

Other ASBOs
I think this article needs an overhaul too many inaccuracies and POV and there is no mention of interim-ASBOs or ASB interdicts which are similar and more commonly used but with much less media coverage.86.0.201.68 (talk) 20:30, 20 February 2008 (UTC)
 * You are welcome to make those edits... The reason they are not covered is probably just that no-one has spent the time to research them.-Localzuk(talk) 18:41, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

Less common ASBOs
This section needs work. If the criteria of inclusion in this section is just the opinion of a few editors as to what constitutes an unusal ASBO, then it needs to be heavily edited or removed. For instance, a young boy forbidden to play football in the street, I could understand that if it was because he was kicking it into his neighbours windows, the 87 year old who swears at his neighbours, age does not place you above the law. Therefore, if there is nothing more than the opinion of editors as to what constitutes "less common" it needs to be taken down. The best thing would be if there was a report listing "unusual ASBOs" because then we could actually have a reason for listing what we did, because that reliable third party source did so. It can't stay as it is. SGGH speak! 22:27, 3 March 2008 (UTC)
 * IIRC, there is such a list somewhere. It was used as a reference for something on this page I believe.-Localzuk(talk) 22:37, 3 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Would that be the home office report? NCCO or something from memory? If so, the ones listed in this section need to be only the ones mentioned in that report as "less common" and ones not from it ought to be removed. My point is simply that it cannot be down to the wikipedia user to decide what qualifies as "less common" it must be a third party source. I will go over them now and remove ones that are inappropriate. SGGH speak! 09:49, 4 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I have removed all instances of examples not referenced in that report (in fact a couple of examples referenced to news sites were also in the report so re-referenced them) and I have added a couple more from the report to flesh it out. I have also left a note outlining how further entries should be added. In this way, there is no longer an arbitrary selection process for inclusion in that section. I think that should solve it. Let me know on my talk page if the issue crops up again. SGGH speak! 10:04, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

Irony
As someone who is not from Britian, I couldn't help but notice the strange name of the offence, given that the actions for which it is given tend to be anything but anti-social. A kid who sits in his room by himself all day playing video games should get an anti-social behaviour order. - 121.208.89.99 (talk) 02:56, 14 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I think you're using a definition of "antisocial" that is more in line with "asocial". There is no evidence of a correlation between asocial behavior and lower likelihood of committing a crime that would warrant an ASBO. --82.31.164.172 (talk) 23:19, 20 March 2011 (UTC)

Applies to tourists?
This may be a silly question, but can an ASBO be given to a tourist, and if that tourist stays in town long enough to violate it can they be jailed (and stopped from returning to their home country)?

I'm assuming that just like any normal law that it applies equally to tourists as it does to citizens. VegKilla (talk) 21:45, 7 November 2008 (UTC)

 * The chances of you getting one are very slim indeed. That said, most countries have bizarre laws. You should expect that when you are a tourist. For example, in many arabic countries there are penalties for homosexuality, and in the US, you can get in trouble for making jokes about bombs on airplanes. Arpitt (talk) 14:07, 4 February 2009 (UTC)

External Link Suggestion - DO ASBOs WORK?
Please view this film from an online youth magazine as I would like to submit it as an external link. Thanks Willsmore (talk) 17:55, 18 March 2009 (UTC)

incorrect example
Concerning this line: "The youngest recipient of an ASBO, a two year old autistic boy accused of kicking a football at windows over a fence 7 feet (2.1 m) high and verbally abusing residents when asked to stop.[29]"

If people read the article correctly it will state in the final paragraphs that the police may have made a clerical error. Also Lennon hasn't received an ASBO yet, but that he merely received a generic letter saying that he is liable to get one. 94.215.169.38 (talk) 15:57, 25 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Changed to: "The youngest person to be threatened with an ASBO, a two-year-old boy accused of kicking a football at windows over a fence 7 feet (2.1 m) high and verbally abusing residents when asked to stop." VegKilla (talk) 06:18, 23 April 2009 (UTC)

Criminal Procedure and Investigation Act 1996
"As the ASBO is a civil order, the defendant has no right to evidence that might disprove the assertions of the plaintiff, though violating an ASBO can incur up to five years imprisonment."

I have removed the above text from the article, as is poorly phrased, and gives the impression that the Defendant is unable to mount a defence. This is not the case - although the original contributor may have in mind the provisions of the Criminal Procedure and Investigation Act 1996, which places a duty of disclosure on the prosecution and defence. Where a Post conviction ASBO is made, obviously the CPIA will apply, and where an ASBO is made by Magistrates sitting in a civil capacity, different rules of disclosure apply. To state that D has no right to evidence that may tend to disprove the claimant's case is simply incorrect. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Wowjm (talk • contribs) 18:49, 3 August 2010 (UTC)

"In the UK, there has been criticism that an ASBO is sometimes viewed as a badge of honour by youth."
Lol, seriously? It is viewed as honourable among some people to have been caught for a petty crime? Regardless of whether you're a virtuous citizen or an aspiring master criminal, that's pretty sad, but nonetheless, if a claim like this is to be included in a Wikipedia article, it needs to reference an authoritative source. It is also advisable to elaborate on this criticism and tie it in better with the rest of the article rather than sticking it in the middle of a paragraph among relatively unrelated sentences. Cheers. --82.31.164.172 (talk) 22:32, 20 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I moved the sentence to the "Criticism of ASBOs" category, where it ties in better with the rest of the article. --82.31.164.172 (talk) 23:27, 20 March 2011 (UTC)

Theresa May's further reforms 2012
This article says that Theresa_May wanted to reform ASBOs in 2010, but it has been on the news this month (May 2012) that she wants to ban them. If any one knows about this, it would help to update the article. ACEOREVIVED (talk) 20:23, 23 May 2012 (UTC)

More information might be on:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/18150193ACEOREVIVED (talk) 21:11, 23 May 2012 (UTC)

imprecise
The statistic about people having "problems of subtance abuse or learning difficulties" is not good. It mixes up two completely different things. 88% of people who were carrying a shopping bag or a sub machine gun will agree with me. Johncmullen1960 (talk) 05:55, 7 March 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Anti-social behaviour order. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20101011060117/http://www.communities.gov.uk:80/documents/housing/pdf/hrs230.pdf to http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/housing/pdf/hrs230.pdf
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"Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Bill" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-social_Behaviour,_Crime_and_Policing_Bill&redirect=no Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Bill] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Steel1943 (talk) 17:26, 23 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anti-social behaviour order


text: Category:Spanish businesspeople

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Spanish businesspeople


text:
Peace and Liberation Party

The Peace and Liberation Party is a political party in Sierra Leone. In the elections held on 14 May 2002, the party won 3.6% of popular votes and two out of 112 seats. Its candidate at the presidential elections, Johnny Paul Koroma, won 3.0% of the vote. It was formed by followers of Koroma, who ruled as military dictator from 1997 to 1998 after deposing the elected government of Ahmad Tejan Kabbah. During the Sierra Leone Civil War, Koroma's junta group was known as the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council.

Today, the party is led by Kandeh Baba Conteh. In the August 2007 general election, the party, with 0.38% of the vote, did not win any seats in parliament.

title: Peace and Liberation Party


text:
Gambit (disambiguation)

A gambit is a type of chess opening move in which one of the pieces is sacrificed in order to achieve a better position.

Gambit may also refer to:

Film

 * Gambit (1966 film), a 1966 film starring Michael Caine and Shirley MacLaine
 * Gambit (2012 film), a remake of the 1966 film
 * Gambit (unproduced film), an unproduced X-Men franchise film about the eponymous Marvel Comics comicbook superhero

Television

 * Gambit (game show), based on the card game blackjack
 * Gambit (British game show), UK version based on the card game blackjack
 * Mike Gambit, a character in The New Avengers TV series
 * "Gambit", an episode of Blake's 7
 * "Gambit" (Star Trek: The Next Generation), a 1993 two-part, seventh-season episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation
 * Opening gambit, a short stand-alone action sequence starting many episodes of MacGyver

Music

 * The Gambit (record producer) (born 1982), rapper and record producer
 * The Gambit (album) by Shelly Manne & His Men

Other

 * Gambit (Marvel Comics), a fictional comic book superhero and member of the X-Men in the Marvel Universe
 * Gambit (novel), a 1962 Nero Wolfe detective novel by Rex Stout
 * Gambit system, a party control system implemented in the Final Fantasy XII and Final Fantasy XII: Revenant Wings video game

Technology

 * Gambit (forum), a non-profit gambling industry organisation
 * Gambit (Scheme implementation), an implementation of the Scheme programming language
 * KH-7 Gambit, a reconnaissance satellite used by the United States from July 1963 to June 1967
 * KH-8 Gambit 3, a long-lived series of reconnaissance satellites used by the United States from July 1966 to April 1984

Other

 * Gambit, a lexical item, or unit
 * Gambit Publications, a publisher of chess books
 * Gambit (roller coaster), a former roller coaster at Japanese amusement park, Thrill Valley
 * Gambit (newspaper), a New Orleans-based newspaper
 * Operation Gambit, a part of Operation Neptune
 * Contract bridge, opening bid on the 2 level for a long weak suit to be made Trump, thereby hindering opponent bids to reach game in another suit

title: Gambit (disambiguation)


text:
Category:Catholic martyrs

This category is for individuals and groups of martyrs who died for their Roman Catholic faith.

Earlier martyrs are categorised as Category:Ante-Nicene Christian martyrs (1st to 4th century) or Category:Christian martyrs of the Middle Ages (5th to 15th centuries).

title: Category:Catholic martyrs


text: Category:Mexican businesspeople

title: Category:Mexican businesspeople


text:
User talk:Vfxblog

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
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-- utcursch | talk to me

title: User talk:Vfxblog


text:
Talk:Geography of Monaco

[Untitled]
What area is reclaimed is of great interest.

How many kilometres is from Italy to Monaco? --Janezdrilc (talk) 15:20, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

The yellow line on the arial view is incorrect - it includes Cap d'Ail, which is in France.

Merger proposal
I believe both articles, Geography of Monaco and Administrative divisions of Monaco should be combined. Both page overlap already, otherwise both pages will remain stubs as there isn't much more you can write on this topic. B-watchmework (talk) 18:59, 4 February 2012 (UTC)

Merger completed. B-watchmework (talk) 22:59, 31 March 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Geography of Monaco


text:
Nanjing Road

Nanjing Road (Shanghainese: Noecin Lu) is a road in Shanghai, the eastern part of which is the main shopping district of Shanghai. It is one of the world's busiest shopping streets, along with Fifth Avenue, Oxford Street, Orchard Road, Takeshita Street and the Champs-Élysées. The street is named after Nanjing, capital of Jiangsu province and the former capital of the Republic of China. Today's Nanjing Road comprises two sections, Nanjing Road East and Nanjing Road West.

In some contexts, "Nanjing Road" refers only to what was pre-1945 Nanjing Road, then rendered as Nanking Road in English. The former Nanking Road lay entirely within the Shanghai International Settlement. Today's Nanjing Road West was formerly Bubbling Well Road, an extra-settlement road built by concession authorities outside the concession proper. The two roads met on the northern edge of the Shanghai Race Club.

Location
Nanjing Road is located in the city center, running in a west–east direction. Its eastern section is in Huangpu District and extends from The Bund west to People's Square. The western section begins at People's Square and continues westward towards Jing'an District.

History

The history of Nanjing Road can be traced back to the year 1845. At that time it was called "Park Lane", which stretched from the Bund to He'nan Road. In 1854, it was extended to Zhejiang Road, and eight years later, once more extended to Xizang Road. In 1862, it was named formally "Nanking Road" by the Municipal Council, which administered the International Settlement. In Chinese it was usually referred to as the Main Road (大马路). Around 1930 it was a bustling street with at least one reported casino (probably at nr. 181). In 1943 the International Settlement was annulled, and after World War II the government changed its name from Nanking Road to "East Nanjing Road", meanwhile they also renamed the former Bubbling Well Road "West Nanjing Road", and the general name of the two roads became "Nanjing Road", comprising five kilometres total length.

At the beginning of the 20th century, eight big department stores were established along the street. A series of franchised stores were also set up at that time.

On 23 August 1937, a Chinese warplane attempting to bomb the Japanese ship Izumo missed its target, dropping four bombs onto the crowded nearby streets, two of which landed on Nanjing Road. Around 2,000 people were killed by the four bombs collectively.

In 2000, as a part of the development plan held by the local government, Nanjing Road was renovated to be a characteristic pedestrian street. The width is about 28 meters and the total length is 1,200 meters, which extends from Middle He'nan Road to Middle Xizang Road.

In 2007, the Jing'an and Huangpu governments agreed to coordinate their policy to enhance the development of Nanjing Road, through a unique launching of a committee. This agreement followed a request by the committee of Champs-Elysees in the perspective of a friendship agreement between both famous streets.

In 2019–2020, the section between Middle Henan Road and the Bund (East-1 Zhongshan Road) was converted into a pedestrian-only zone, extending the pedestrian mall eastward to the Bund.

Description
Nanjing Road is the world's longest shopping district, around 5.5 km long, and attracts over 1 million visitors daily.

Nanjing Road East （南京东路）
East Nanjing Road is a dedicated commercial zone. At its eastern end is the central section of the Bund, featuring the Peace Hotel. Immediately west of the Bund precinct was traditionally the hub of European-style restaurants and cafes, although in recent years these have become less of a feature as the demographics of visitors to Nanjing Road have shifted from affluent local residents to visitors from around the country. Close by is the Central Market, a century-old outdoor market today specialising in electronic components and digital media. Further west is the Nanjing Road pedestrian mall. Located here are most of Shanghai's oldest and largest department stores, as well as a variety of domestic retail outlets, and some traditional eateries with a long history. From the perspective of the historical development of Nanjing East Road, the start and redevelopment of this road were driven by the pursuit of commerce and image. The commercialization of Nanjing East Road has both a promotion and a restrictive effect.

Nanjing Road West (南京西路）
The pedestrian mall, and East Nanjing Road, ends at People's Park, formerly the Shanghai Race Course. Opposite the park are some of Shanghai's prestigious historic hotels, including Park Hotel. West Nanjing Road begins here, and features a number of upmarket malls including Plaza 66, Jing An Kerry Centre and HKRI Taikoo Hui, office buildings, the Shanghai Exhibition Centre, and shops. This area also previously featured a number of large mansions and estates, most of which are today either demolished or used by the government.

West Nanjing Road, near Jing'an Temple, was built in 1860 as Bubbling Well Road (靜安寺路), an extra-settlement road outside the concession proper. It was once one of Shanghai's premier residential areas, but has witnessed constant development over the past ten years. This area is now host to several five star hotels, upscale shopping centers, restaurants and prime office buildings. Recently, the area has benefited from the construction of Subway Line 7, connecting with Line 2 at Jing'an Temple station. Many luxury goods, fashion and sport brand boutiques are located on West Nanjing Road.

In December 2017, Starbucks opened a 30,000 square feet (2,800 m2) Starbucks Reserve Roastery at HKRI Taikoo Hui on Nanjing Road West, the largest Starbucks branch in the world. It features its own roasting facility and Shanghai specific offerings including nitro draft lattes and alcoholic drinks.

Transportation
Shanghai Metro Line 2 runs along Nanjing Road, including the following stations and other stations:
 * Nanjing Road (E.) (E. Nanjing Rd / M. Henan Rd.) (formerly Henan Zhong Road), At the intersection between East Nanjing Road and Middle Henan Road.
 * People's Square (Nanjing Rd. / M. Tibet Rd.), the metro station on People's Square in the middle of Nanjing Road. Across the M. Tibet Road from this station is the west end of the pedestrianized part of the road. The Nanjing Rd / M. Tibet Road. crossing is the split point of E. and W. Nanjing Rd.
 * Nanjing Road (W.) (W. Nanjing Rd. / Shimen Rd.) (formerly Shimen No. 1 Road).
 * Jing'an Temple (W. Nanjing Rd. / Jiaozhou Rd.), in the farther western section of Nanjing Road.

Shanghai Metro Line 1 and 8 include the following station:
 * People's Square (Nanjing Rd. / M. Tibet Rd.), the metro station on People's Square in the middle of Nanjing Road. Across the M. Tibet Road from this station is the west end of the pedestrianized part of the road. The Nanjing Rd / M. Tibet Road. crossing is the split point of E. and W. Nanjing Rd.

Shanghai Metro Line 10 includes the following station:
 * Nanjing Road (E.) (E. Nanjing Rd / M. Henan Rd.) (formerly Henan Zhong Road), At the intersection between East Nanjing Road and Middle Henan Road.

Shanghai Metro Line 12 and Shanghai Metro Line 13 include the following station:
 * Nanjing Road (W.) (W. Nanjing Rd. / Shimen Rd.)

Events
Tourists and guests often celebrate various holidays at Nanjing Road, such as the Chinese New Year, New Year's Eve, Christmas and Easter. Some parts of the buildings and shopping malls seen in front of Nanjing Road may host a fireworks display over the street.

title: Nanjing Road


text:
Nordland Line

The Nordland Line (Nordlandsbanen, ) is a 729 km railway line between Trondheim and Bodø, Norway. It is the longest in Norway and lacks electrification. The route runs through the counties of Trøndelag (formerly Sør-Trøndelag and Nord-Trøndelag) and Nordland, carrying a combination of commuter, long-haul passenger and freight trains. From Trondheim Central Station to Steinkjer Station the line is most heavily used, with hourly services by the Trøndelag Commuter Rail. There are three branch lines—the Stavne–Leangen Line at Leangen Station, the Meråker Line at Hell Station and the Namsos Line at Grong Station.

The section from Trondheim to Hell opened on 22 July 1882. The next section, initially the Hell–Sunnan Line, opened in stages between 1902 and 1905. The line was lengthened to Snåsa Station on 30 October 1926 and then to Grong on 30 November 1929. Construction continued in a slow pace northwards, but was accelerated by the Wehrmacht after the 1940 occupation. The line was built through most of Helgeland and opened in seven stages to Dunderland Station in the next five years. The line then had to be brought up to standards before continuing northwards. It opened to Røkland Station in 1955, to Fauske Station in 1958 and to Bodø Station on 1 February 1962.

Route
Traditionally the Nordland Line was defined as running from Hell to Bodø, but the National Rail Administration has officially classified it as running from Trondheim Central Station to Bodø, a distance of 728 km. This makes it the longest railway line in Norway. It is single track, standard gauge, but not electrified. Centralized traffic control is installed south of Mosjøen, with partial automatic train control. GSM-R is installed on the whole line. The Nordland Line is owned and maintained by the Norwegian National Rail Administration.

From Trondheim the line runs largely following the Trondheimsfjord to Steinkjer Station, traveling through the districts of Stjørdalen and Innherred. At Hell Station, 31.54 km from Trondheim, the Meråker Line branches off. North of Steinkjer (125.50 km) the line follows the east shore of Snåsavatnet until Snåsa Station (181.64 km), passing into the district of Namdal. At Grong Station (219.54 km) the line intersects with the Namsos Line. It continues up the valley through an inland route and passes into the district of Helgeland. There it reaches a summit of 320 m above sea level at Majavatn Station (321.74 km) before descending back to sea level near Mosjøen Station (406.01 km). The line continues along a rugged section often hugging the sides of fjords until Mo i Rana Station (497.98 km).

From Mo the line runs up the Dunderland Valley at a 1.2% gradient. From Dunderland Station (543.03 km) the line climbs at a 1.8% gradient for 38.5 km onto the Saltfjellet mountain plateau. It reaches its highest elevation just south of Stødi Station (581.46 km), at 680 m above mean sea level, about 1.8 km after passing the Arctic Circle. The line then descends for the next 40 km at a 1.8% gradient until reaching almost sea level at Rognan Station (647.76 km), by which time it has reached the district of Salten. The section onward to Finneid Station (671.08 km) has steep terrain and the line hugs the mountainside, frequently entering tunnels. From Fauske the line heads west to Bodø Station.

Trondheim–Hell
A committee to look into building a railway northwards from Trondheim was established in 1870. The goal was to build a railway which connected to Jämtland, Sweden. Similar investigations were carried out on the Swedish side of the border. An early alternative to build via Verdal was discarded. The line was at first estimated to cost 4.7 million Norwegian krone and the line built with a narrow gauge. Shares in the railway company were offered for sale in 1871, of which NOK 1.2 million was bought by Trondheim Municipality. The Parliament of Norway rejected the line the same year, although it resulted in a local railway committee being established. Legislation to build the line was passed by Parliament on 2 May 1872. The state would receive shares in the company equal to their monetary contribution. In 1873, the Parliament of Sweden voted to build a narrow gauge railway from Torpshammar to the Norwegian border, where it would connect to the Sundsvall–Torpshammar Line.

By 1874, Swedish authorities had decided that all railways should be built in standard gauge, and the Parliament of Norway chose to change their configuration to the same gauge in 1874, increasing estimated costs from NOK 4.7 to 8.9 million. In Trondheim, the existing Trondhjem–Støren Line terminated at a station at Kalvskinnet. This was a cul-de-sac station, and to allow the two lines to interconnect, a new station was built at Brattøra, costing NOK 1.4 million.

The river of Stjørdalselva created a barrier just north of Hell, and it would be cheaper to make the line go on the south shore of the river down to Hegra. However, the major population center was located at Stjørdalshalsen, on the north shore of the river. Locally, there were many protests against the line bypassing such a large town, but the cost of the bridge made parliament choose the southern alternative. This gave residents in Stjørdal a considerably longer route to the train, since they had to cross the river to get access to the railway. This decreased the railway's ability to compete with the steam ships and thus the overall profitability of the line.

The first blasting was performed during a ceremony in 1875, but the real work did not start until 1876. Construction of the last section into Trondheim, along with the station, did not start until 1878, due to disagreements about the plans. By 1878, tracks were laid from Leangen to the border between Nedre Stjørdal and Øvre Stjørdal (54 km). On 27 August 1879, the first train ran from Rotvoll Station, just outside Trondheim, to the national border. Before the line was finished in Sweden, the Norwegian State Railways operated a train once per week from 11 February 1880. Full service was introduced on 17 October 1881, though the line was not yet completed to Östersund; nor did Trondheim Central Station open until 1882. The official opening was on 22 July 1882.

The work paid well, and attracted many navvies to the area. Land-owners were compensated NOK 50–200 per hectare (2.5 acres) for cultivated land, and NOK 10 per hectare for forest. Many local farmers made good money offering transport of cargo for the construction, as well as renting out annexes for navvies; others made money as traders. As with all such construction areas, many legal and illegal pubs and brothels were established. After construction was completed, some moved on, while others settled in the area; many of these received jobs with the railway company.

Hell–Sunnan
In 1872, Ole Tobias Olsen proposed in Morgenbladet that a railway be built between Mo i Rana via Haparanda, Sweden, to Saint Petersburg, Russia. He was inspired by Scottish railways and hoped to use the line to export fresh fish. The engineer succeeded the following year at gaining a public grant to investigate a route to Gulf of Bothnia. Om 1875, Olsen proposed that a railway be built from Trondheim via Steinkjer and Namsos to Vestfjorden. That year, Nord-Trøndelag County Council established a committee to plan a railway from Stjørdal to Namsos, while Nordland County Council established a committee for a continuation of the line to Nordland.

On 23 August 1876, the Nord-Trøndelag committee published a report to encourage national authorities to consider the line, which resulted in surveying starting in 1877. On 27 April 1881, the committee made its recommendation to the county council and ceased its work. However, it was not until 1889 that the county council appointed a new railway committee, which was led by Wexelsen. In 1891, the county's road committee, led by Øverland, sent an official request to the railway committee, asking for details about their plans, so the appropriate roads could be planned. This spurred the committees work and a cooperation with Nordland County Council was initiated to increase the projects priority by national politicians. The railway was also regarded as having a strategic importance for the postal service and the military, as transport times northwards would decrease significantly and be less affected by severe weather, which particularly during winter could hinder efficient steam ship transport.

On 2 March 1896, with 87 against 27 votes, Parliament passed legislation approving a railway from Hell to Sunnan. Costs were estimated at 8.75 million Norwegian krone (NOK), of which 15 percent was to be financed with local grants and the remainder by the state. Construction was scheduled to take 15 years. The decision initially called for the railway to be built in two stages, with the split at Rinnan in Levanger—the site of the military camp Rinnleiret. Final approval of construction was made by Parliament on 11 June 1898. The choice of route through Innherred was largely without much debate, as the line naturally went through all the towns and most of the important villages. Sunnan was a natural place to halt construction, as it is located at the foot of the lake of Snåsavatnet, allowing connection with steam ships.

Hell Station had to be rebuilt, and the old station building was moved to Sunnan Station. Controversies arose over the location of Skatval Station, Levanger Station, Verdal Station, Sparbu Station, with the initial discarding of Mære Station, and Steinkjer Station. The line through Steinkjer was controversial, as the proposal would split the town in two, and there was an intense debate as to which side of the river the station should be built on. A counter-proposal which saw the line run further up and cross through Steinkjersannan and Furuskogen—and thus avoid the town itself—was discarded because it would wreck the military camp at Steinkjersannan and would be located too far from the port.

Four navvies were killed during construction, three in a landslide in a trench and one by a piling log, all in Levanger. Construction on the line's second part, from Levanger to Sunnan, started in 1901. Part of the reason for the early start was to help employ older navvies who were working on the southern section during the summer. At Røra, a spur was originally planned to Hylla, but this was discarded late in the planning phase. At Hellem in Inderøy the right-of-way had to be moved because of poor soil mechanics. There were similar issues north of the Lunnan Tunnel, forcing the tunnel to be extended and a supporting being built. Steinkjer is surrounded by a moraine which had to be traversed with a cutting, 85 m long and up to 21 m deep. 125000 m3 of earthwork was removed, half with a steam shovel, and largely used to build reclaimed land for the railway's right-of-way through Steinkjer.

The 3.0 km long section from Hell to Stjørdal started revenue service on 1 February 1902. The 49.4 km long section from Stjørdalshalsen to Levanger was officially opened on 27 October 1902, with ordinary services starting on 29 October. The 12.4 km long section from Levanger to Verdal was opened on 1 November 1904, although the station building was not completed until 1905. At the time there were two trains per direction per day, one passenger train and one post train. The official opening of the 40.4 km long section between Verdal and Sunnan took place on 14 November 1905. Revenue service started the following day.

Gullsmedvik–Storforshei
In 1896, Olsen applied for a concession to build a railway up the Dunderland Valley to connect his mining claims to Mo i Rana, but this was rejected by the state. However, in 1902, the Dunderland Iron Ore Company started building a private railway to connect its mine at Storforshei to their port at Gullsmedvik in Mo. It was officially handed over from the construction company on 1 November 1904. Revenue service started in 1906. The mine only operated in three short periods, from 1906 to 1908, from the mid-1920s to 1931 and from 1937 to 1939.

Sunnan–Grong
The original proposal called for the line to run from Steinkjer via Beitstad to Namsos and onwards to Nordland. Connecting Namdalen to the railway network was seen as important to ease export both of lumber, farm produce and seafood. In 1877, Grong Municipal Council instead proposed building the Nordland Line from Steinkjer via Snåsa to Grong and instead build a branch from Grong to Namsos. In an 1892 report, a line from Trondheim via Beitstad to Namsos was estimated to be 212 km long and would take 6 hours and 40 minutes. In comparison, the steam ships at the time used 16 hours.

During the 1890s, public meetings were held throughout the area to rally support for public spending on the railway and for support for the most advantageous route for the local area. The Beitstad Line would run through areas with a population three to four times that of the Snåsa Line. All previous railway lines were built following the route which gave the most people a service, as this gave the best economic impact and would create more revenue for the railway, making it more profitable. Namsos was also the gateway to Nærøy and Vikna. On the other hand, the Snåsa Line would be 52 km shorter. It was further argued that Beitstad did not need a railway as it was connected to the Trondheimsfjord and that a branch line to Namsos would be built anyway. All municipalities in Namdalen, except Grong, supported the Beitstad Line, while municipalities from Steinkjer and south supported the Snåsa Line.

In 1899, the cost of a line from Sunnan via Namsos to Grong was estimated at NOK 11.68 million and would be 122.5 km long. Conversely, a line from Sunnan via Snåsa to Grong would cost NOK 6.59 million and would be 79.2 km long. In addition, the branch from Grong to Namsos was estimated at 4.28 million and would be 48.4 km long. Thus the Snåsa Line would be 4.1 km shorter and 824,000 Norwegian krone cheaper. Both routes were based on municipal grants of NOK 500,000. In 1899, a county railway committee published its recommendation, with the majority of three members recommending the Snåsa Line, while the minority of two members recommended the Beitstad Line. Nord-Trøndelag County Council voted over the issue on 13 June 1900, with 18 votes for the Snåsa Line and 12 for the Beitstad Line. The same year, Nordland County Council voted in favor of the Snåsa Line. In Nordland there was unanimous support for the Snåsa Line, as they wanted the Nordland Line to be as short as possible.

From 1905, the government started work on financing several large railway projects, including the Dovre Line, the Rauma Line, the Sørlandet Line and the Nordland Line. On 10 June 1908, Parliament unanimously passed these lines in the Railway Plan of 1908, which included the 79 km long section from Sunnan via Snåsa to Grong, albeit without a branch to Namsos. The county stated that they would not grant any district funding to the line unless a branch to Namsos was also passed. This was a high-stake game, as Parliament could as a counter-measure decide to not built the line to Grong. In 1912, the Norwegian Directorate of Mining proposed a branch of the Nordland Line from Grong to Tunnsjøen, where pyrite mining was planned. The decision to build the Namsos Line was taken by Parliament in 1913. Work started in 1916 and it was opened in 1934. The main train service became a daily round trip from Trondheim to Namsos, using four and half hours to Grong.

Grong–Mo i Rana
Politicians in Nordland started work to get a railway to Nordland upon decision to build the Hell–Sunnan Line.

The line from Grong to Bodø was passed as part of a national railway plan approved by Parliament on 17 November 1923. This involved first building the 182 km section from Grong to Mosjøen. The detailed plans were split between two routes, the first from Storforsen til Mosjøen approved the following year and the rest of the line in 1926. Due to high unemployment, work on sections at Spelruem and Gullsmedvik started in late 1923. The main route discussion involved where to run the line immediately north of Grong, where a detour was rejected which would have cut the length of the Medjå Tunnel. Grong received a station above the town in order to avoid clay deposits. Also in Brekkvasselv there were two route alternatives.

Construction of the tunnel commenced in 1926. Due to the line running through many sparsely populated areas, many of the guard houses were built early in construction to be used to house workers. By 1933 there were 869 men working on construction, rising to 1,744 three years later. Laying of track started around Brekkvasselv and Mosjøen in 1936. The line was built in NSB's highest standard, with 35 kg/m (70 lb/ft) tracks. The line as far as Mosjøen was planned to be opened in the fall of 1940, and to Elsfjord in November. The German occupation of Norway in April 1940 dramatically changed the pacing of construction. The Nordland Line was given high military priority and the order was given for imminent opening of the line. Three bridges were destroyed during the Norwegian Campaign and new temporary structures had to be put up to replace them or the damages repaired. Operations from Grong to Mosjøen started on 5 July with an official opening two days later. NSB extended the daily Trondheim–Grong train to Mosjøen. In addition military trains were operated as needed. Due to shortcuts in the hasty completion, full operating speeds were not reached until 1 July 1942. With increased use of the line, several Class 63 locomotives were imported from Germany for use on the line. Later Class 30 and 32 were used further south.

Work north of Mosjøen, on the 41.6 km section to Elsfjord, started in 1935, based on a detailed plan approved by Parliament the same year. Proposals were made for the line running on either side of Elsfjorden, with the east side ultimately chosen. A major dispute on this segment was if the line should cross the fjord along Røssingtangen and on a bridge, but instead a 6 km longer route around the fjord was chosen. Elsfjord Station was completed in 1938 to be used as a construction office. The Wehrmacht intensified construction on this section from 1940, and by July 1,950 people were working there, increasing to 4,966 people by September. Attempts were made to introduce work on Sundays, but this proved impossible to carry out as the workers just became tired. Futsa was crossed using a German-built bridge. A major hindrance to faster completion was the time needed to blast the final four tunnels. Temporary operation on the line to Elsfjord commenced on 15 March 1941. Without a rail or road connection onward, there was little practical use of this segment on itself.

Next focus shifted to completing the next 25 km to Finneidfjord, including blasting of several tunnels north and south of Finneidfjord. The lack of roads near the route meant all supplies had to freighted in on the fjord. Food to the workers remained one of the most difficult logistical challenges, both regarding procurement and transport to the sites. Any conceivable short-cut was taken during the work if it could be allowed to speed up the opening date. Ties were cut into the ice during the winter instead of waiting for summer, and in the unfinished Falkmo Tunnel the ties were placed right on bedrock due to insufficient height. Blasting of Hattflåget Tunnel was particularly difficult, where lack of controls caused part of the tunnel to collapse during construction.

The segment to Bjerka Station opened on 21 February 1942. The section onward to Finneidfoss could not be opened due to a slide in a cutting north of Bjerka, caused by erroneous earth-moving techniques. To reach Mo i Rana a temporary segment was opened past Bjerka Tunnel, allowing the final part to Mo to open on 21 March. The station was far from finished. The missing 3 km to connect to the Dunderland Line were quickly built, opening on 5 May. The poor condition of the track meant that travel time on the 92 km from Mosjøen to Mo was three hours. Much of the work on this section had to be corrected and improved afterwards. An estimated 18 workers were killed on this segment alone.

Mo i Rana–Bodø
The Wehrmacht had set a goal of ultimately extending the Nordland Line to Kirkenes. In early 1942 construction of two segments were started, north of Mo i Rana as well as the Polar Line which ran from Fauske and northward. This work was originally organized as part of Eisenbahnbaukommando Norwegian, with Organisation Todt responsible from March 1943. In addition to the Nordland Line, they were working on the completion of the Sørlandet Line.

Beginning in September 1942, the workforce was supplemented by prisoners of war. The number reached 21,600 on the Nordland and Polar Lines by 1945, distributed between 47 camps. An estimated ten percent of these died before the war ended. The 15 km from Storforshei to Grønfjelldal was completed in April 1943. The last opening during the war was to Dunderland on 1 May 1945.

At the end of the war in May 1945, NSB took control over the construction. They shifted focus towards bringing the existing line up to standards. The Dunderland Line was bought by the state and taken over by NSB on 1 July 1947. Class 87 diesel multiple units were introduced between Elsfjord and Mosjøen, later extended to Majavatn, until 1951. An express train started running directly from Trondheim in 1949 and the next year a night train service was introduced. Sleeping cars to Mo i Rana were introduced in 1956, and to Mosjøen in 1970.

The preliminary earthworking on route up to Lønsdal was finished by the end of the war, and this segment of the line could open on 8 December 1947. Work was carried out along the entire line until Fauske, and for instance, the bridge across Finneidstrømmen was completed in 1947, ten years before the line was taken into use. Once the war was finished the investments on the line fell dramatically. The next stage, to Røkland, was not opened until 1 December 1955. With this a direct freight and passenger train operated north of Mo i Rana, while previously all trains had been locals terminating there. NSB's first diesel locomotive, Di 1 was used from Trondheim to Mo from 1953. The following year also Di 3 locomotives were used, which gradually were taken into use on more and more trains. The line was finished to Fauske on 1 December 1958. At the time it had a common station with the narrow-gauge Sulitjelma Line at Finneid Station.

Because the Wehrmacht was not interested in a branch to Bodø, this segment of the line originally did not receive any work until 1946, albeit very limited until 1956. From the completion of Fauske the workforce was moved to the final stretch, peaking at 430 people in 1961. The 54 km cost about 100 million kroner. Revenue freight service commenced on 1 December 1961, with passenger trains running from 1 February 1962. The official opening of the Nordland Line was carried out on 7 June 1962 by King Olav V.

Later operational history
The mines at Storforsrei reopened in 1964 and again needed to use the railway for transport, being hauled by Di 3s. Loading took place in a 700 m tunnel. From 1983 the ore at Storforshei was depleted and mining moved to Ørtfjell, 13 km further north. This required the construction of a branch line with a bridge over Ranelva. These initially consisted of 33 hopper cars pulled by two Di 3s.

During the 1960s the passenger trains were up to fourteen cars long, and would have to be hauled by two locomotives. Freight traffic increased beyond expectations with the opening of the Bodø extension. A direct freight train service from Oslo to Bodø was introduced in 1977, cutting travel time to 21 hours. It was mostly used for containers, which could then be transshipped to a north-bound ship service. Transport time to Tromsø was thus cut by 24 hours. Fauske received a container terminal two years later.

The southern part of the line received centralized traffic control in four phases: from Trondheim to Stjørdal on 11 January 1976, to Levanger on 9 January 1977, to Steinkjer on 6 December 1977 and to Snåsa on 23 November 1984. Di 4-locomotives were introduced in 1981. At first they could only be used to Mo i Rana. After upgrades to the line further north, they could be used to Bodø from 1986. NSB introduced Class 92 diesel multiple units in 1985, cutting travel time on local services between Steinkjer and Trondheim by 25 minutes. A morning service from Mo i Rana to Trondheim with a return in the afternoon was introduced from 1986. A similar morning train from Mosjøen to Bodø with return in the afternoon was introduced from 1990.

NSB launched the Trøndelag Commuter Rail on 1 September 1993, of which the main service ran from Steinkjer to Trondheim. The initial plans called to the continued use of the Class 92 rolling stock, but saw change in schedules and the upgrading platforms for NOK 15 million. The service from Trondheim to Steinkjer had ten daily round trips. After six months operation, the service had experienced a 40 percent growth in patronage. This was further increased with the opening of Trondheim Airport Station on 15 November 1994 and a station serving Levanger Hospital on 20 December 1995. On 10 November 1994, the line received automatic train control. NSB was split up on 1 December 1996 and the ownership of the tracks and infrastructure was inherited by the Norwegian National Rail Administration, while the operation of trains was taken over by the new NSB. From 1994, Di 6 and Di 8 locomotives were introduced, but the Di 6 proved unreliable and returned to the manufacturer.

NSB decided to improve their commuter rail service with the closing of several stations for the commuter train service. Fifty percent of the stations were responsible for only two percent of the traffic, and NSB instead wanted buses to transport people to the closest railway station, which would reduce overall transport time for most passengers. From 7 January 2001, a fixed, hourly headway was introduced on the trains from Steinkjer to Trondheim. From June 2001, NSB introduced additional rush-hour trains between Trondheim and Steinkjer, giving a half-hour headway. NSB introduced their Class 93 locomotives in 2001: starting on 7 January they were used on the Salten Commuter Rail, which ran a higher frequency of departures between Rognan and Bodø. This service has become a success. This was not the case when the same trains were put in as replacements on the intercity trains. Although allowing for almost an hour faster travel, they had fewer amenities and little space. Passengers protested, and after trials from 2003, Di 4s with carriages were reintroduced during the summers from 2003 and all year from 2007. From 2006 the sleeper services were cut from Mosjøen and Mo i Rana.

The Nordland Line had not received NSB's first generation of train radio, Scanet, so was among the first lines to receive GSM-R from 1 December 2004. NSB's cargo division, CargoNet, introduced EMD Class 66 locomotives from 2003. These were replaced with Vossloh Euro in 2010. Centralized traffic control from Grong to Majavatn was implemented in 2007, and to Eiterstraum from 2011. The same year the 5 km Gevingåsen Tunnel opened south of Trondheim Airport. The newer B5 carriages were introduced on intercity trains in 2012.

Architecture
Buildings along the Meråker Line, and hence the stations from Trondheim to Hell, were designed by Peter Andreas Blix. The stations bear resemblance to other Norwegian stations from the era, Few of these buildings remain intact, as they have mostly been expanded later. Blix' buildings were freer modeled, often taking an asymmetrical shape to suit its function. Stylistically the buildings have Medieval and New Gothic inspiration. The exception is Trondheim Central Station, a plastered brick building designed by Balthazar Lange in New Renaissance style.

Stations along the Hell–Sunnan Line were designed by Paul Due. These had a more grandiose expression, which stylewise represent a transition between Swiss chalet style and Dragon Style on the one hand and Art Nouveau on the other. Many of the smaller stations received a ground floor in stone and an upper story in wood. Steinkjer and Levanger were both built in plastered brick.

The section from Sunnan to Grong was designed by Eivind Gleditsch and in a transitional style between Historicism and Neo Classism. Increased standardization had been taken into use and the so-called Veggli Class or variations of it were used on most smaller station through Namdal. As the line continued northwards, reduced spending on architectural elegance caused simpler and simpler designs in wood. Once the line reached Salten it was evident that steam traction would soon be history and the functional layout of the stations changed. In Salten the smaller stations typically received a concrete ground floor and a wooden upper floor. The more monumental stations were Fauske in concrete and Bodø in brick.

Hell−Bodø
Hell station at the mouth of Stjørdalselva at the eponymous Stjørdalsfjord ( part of Trondheimsfjord) is left northwards via Trondheim airport and the line crosses over to Åsenfjorden through the coastal hinterland. Vuddudalen is then used as natural corridor to Åsen, from where the Skogn area, still at the Trondheimsfjord, is reached. Further north, the route runs along the eastern shore of the aforementioned Fjord, partly inland, via Verdal ti Steinkjer, which marks one end of Beitstadfjorden. Coming up Snåsavatnet, where Nordland Line runs alongside the southern shore to Snåsa. From here on, the line crosses over to Namdalen, having been built around Snorronfjellet on its way to Formofoss (and Grong). The Namsen valley corridor is left after about 100 km further north at Smalåsen, where the Nordland Line changes to the Vefsna river corridor until Mosjøen, located at Vefsnfjord.

To get to Mo i Rana, the route crosses inland over Drevjedalen valley, passing by Drevvatnet, in order to reach Elsfjord (municipality) at the eponymous fjord and runs alongside its coastline via Bjerka to the main branch of Ranfjorden, where the mouth of Ranelva is located right at the fjord's northern end, in Mo i Rana. Ranelvas valley acts as traffic corridor both for European route E6 and the railway and it then leads up to the crossing of Polar circle an, a little bit northwards, the line's summit at about 700m above sea level (Saltfjellet). Downhill, Saltelva valley is used until Rognan at Saltdalsfjorden. Again, the route runs alongside a fjord's flank northwards to Fauske, where it changes direction westwards to reach the end, Bodø.

Operations
There is a mix of both local, regional and long-distance passenger and freight traffic on the Nordland Line. SJ Norge operate a daily intercity through service between Trondheim and Bodø, supplemented with a night service on the same route. These are operated using Di 4 locomotives with B5 carriages. SJ also operates morning trains from Mo i Rana to Trondheim, and from Mosjøen to Bodø, with return in the afternoon. There are also seven additional trains in each direction from Rognan or Fauske to Bodø. These are all operated with Class 93 multiple units. Travel time between Trondheim and Bodø is 9 hours and 50 minutes, while the commuter service from Rognan to Bodø takes 1 hour and 5 minutes.

South of Steinkjer SJ operates the Trøndelag Commuter Rail. It operates with a fixed hourly headway with some additional rush-hour services, in total nineteen services per day. These run to Trondheim and onwards along the Dovre Line to Lundamo Station. Travel time from Trondheim to Steinkjer is 2 hours and 6 minutes. The services are operated with Class 92 diesel multiple units.

Intermodal cargo trains are operated by CargoNet. They run from Oslo and Trondheim, unloading containers in Mo i Rana, Fauske and Bodø. Cargolink's trains also carry cars. CargoNet operates two trains per day, using 11 hours and 35 minutes from Trondheim, and 20 hours from Oslo. Cargolink operates once per week. Since 2011 they have also operate iron ore trains through the Dunderland Valley to Mo i Rana. The 3,400-tonne trains consist of 35 hopper cars of ore. These operate six times per day, each taking 45 minutes. There are also some lumber trains, mostly operating out of Formofoss Lumber Terminal. CargoNet hauls using Vossloh Euro, while Cargolink uses Di 6 locomotives, respectively.

Future
Two major developments have been proposed for the Nordland Line—electrification and installation of centralized traffic control (CTC). The latter is scheduled to take place as part of nationwide implementation of European Train Control System. The sections currently without CTC have the highest priority, with Mosjøen–Bodø scheduled for completion in 2019 and Steinkjer–Mosjøen the following year. Trondheim–Steinkjer is scheduled for completion in 2023.

Between 2014 and 2018 the section of track between Hell and Trondheim Airport is being rebuilt to double track and the two stations will be upgraded. Combined with other investments, such as double track onward from Hell to Trondheim and electrification, this could allow travel time from Trondheim to Steinkjer to drop to one hour. Electrification from Trondheim to Steinkjer, combined with that on the Stavne–Leangen Line and the Meråker Line, is scheduled to take place between 2017 and 2023. A 2015 report concluded that electrification of the rest of the Nordland Line would be profitable for society, but recommended that the Røros and Solør Lines be prioritized, as these could serve as reserve lines to the Dovre Line.

title: Nordland Line


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