text:
USS Spence

USS Spence (DD-512), a Fletcher-class destroyer, was laid down on 18 May 1942 by the Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine; launched on 27 October 1942; sponsored by Mrs. Eben Learned; and commissioned on 8 January 1943. The ship was named for Robert T. Spence, superintendent of the construction of USS Ontario (1813), and captain of USS Cyane (1815).

Spence conducted her shakedown cruise out of Guantanamo Bay from 8 to 28 February. She then served as an escort in the Atlantic and Caribbean and had convoy duty in the Casablanca area in April. She was routed to the west coast and, on 25 July, got underway from San Francisco for Pearl Harbor, to serve in the Pacific against the Japanese in World War II.

History
Spence sailed on 25 August as a unit of Task Group (TG) 1.2 consisting of the light carriers USS Princeton (CVL-23) and USS Belleau Wood (CVL-24) to support troops who took possession of Baker Island on 1 September. On the 13 September, she proceeded to Efate and arrived at Havannah Harbor on 18 September.

Spence was attached to Destroyer Division (DesDiv) 46 of Destroyer Squadron (DesRon) 23. The squadron sailed on 22 September for Tulagi, Solomon Islands. On the 28th, she set a surface craft on fire with her main batteries near Kolombangara and then patrolled between that island and Vella Lavella. On the night of 1 and 2 October, Spence was with a force off Vella Lavella to interdict Japanese shipping and helped to destroy 20 Japanese barges. The DD then made two escort runs from Tulagi to Purvis Bay during the first part of the month and ended October supporting landings on the Treasury Islands.

Capt. Arleigh A. Burke assumed command of DesRon 23 on 23 October, and the squadron became known as the "Little Beavers." On 1 November, Spence participated in the bombardment of Buka and Bonis airfields and of Japanese positions in the Shortland Islands to support the Landings at Cape Torokina, Bougainville.

Battle of Empress Augusta Bay
In the early hours of 2 November, Task Force 39 intercepted an enemy force consisting of two heavy cruisers (Haguro and Myōkō), two light cruisers (Agano and Sendai) with six destroyers steaming towards Empress Augusta Bay. At 02:31, Spence made radar contact at 16 mi. While closing the range from her target, Spence was hit by a 6-inch (152 mm) shell which hit below the water line. This had to have been fired from Agano, as she was the only Japanese warship present armed with 6-inch (152 mm) guns. However, the shell did not explode and only caused minor flooding. Spence charged on despite the damage.

The destroyer fired a spread of torpedoes at a ship 3000 yd away and was rewarded with black smoke pouring from the target. As Spence retired to rendezvous with DesDiv 45, she spotted another Japanese force 4000 yd away. She opened fire, was "on target," and watched one ship stop dead in the water and burn fiercely. Since Spence was low on ammunition, she called upon DesDiv 45 to pour shells into the ill-fated destroyer Hatsukaze which sank stern first. Sendai was also sunk in the engagement by combined US cruiser gunfire.

When daybreak came, so did between 70 and 80 enemy aircraft. But the Japanese lost over 20 planes while scoring only two hits on USS Montpelier (CL-57).

Spence retired to Purvis Bay on 3 November. The next day, she called at Tulagi and sailed with USS Nashville (CL-43) for Kula Gulf. On the afternoon of the 5th, she was operating northwest of the Treasury Islands when she was attacked by enemy aircraft. One plane dropped three bombs, but the closest fell 75 yd off Spence's starboard beam.

Battle of Cape St. George
For the next three weeks, Spence performed patrol and escort duty in the Port Purvis-Kula Gulf area. On 24 November, the squadron was refueling in Hathorn Sound when ordered northwest of Buka Island to intercept Japanese shipping which American intelligence had learned would attempt to evacuate aviation personnel from the Buka-Bonis airfields. Early the next morning, the "Little Beavers" were patrolling the Buka-Rabaul route. At 01:42, in St. George Channel, Spence made surface radar contacts at 22000 yd. The range closed rapidly, and, at 01:56, DesDiv 45 fired torpedoes at two Japanese ships and scored several hits. Several minutes later, American radar picked up a second group of three enemy ships. Spence and USS Converse (DD-509) were ordered to finish off the first group while DesDiv 45 bombarded the second group.

In the first group, Onami exploded and sank immediately while Makinami was badly damaged. Spence and Converse opened on her with their main batteries and she sank at 02:53. In the second group, DesDiv 45 sank Yugiri. Three of five Japanese destroyers were sunk with no damage to DesRon 23. The squadron returned to Purvis Bay on 31 October.

1944
Spence operated out of Purvis Bay until late January 1944 when she patrolled near Green Island and Bougainville Strait. On 5 February, she participated in the bombardment of supply and bivouac areas at Hahela Plantation on the southeast coast of Buka Island. The next day, she sank an enemy barge with shellfire near Green Island. On the night of 9 and 10 February, Spence helped to shell Tiaraka and Teopasino, Bougainville, Kavieng and Cape St. George, New Ireland. On the 18th, she made a sweep of shipping lanes between Kavieng and Truk. The American warships encountered no ships so they returned to Kavieng and shelled it again on the 22nd. On that day, Spence and DesDiv 45 sank a Japanese merchantman of about 5,000 tons with shellfire.

Spence operated with TF 39 from 1 to 24 March to support the landings on Emirau Island. On the 27th she sortied from Purvis Bay with TF 58 for strikes against Palau, Yap, Ulithi and Woleai, Caroline Islands. From 13 to 25 April, Spence screened the fast carriers as they struck targets on New Guinea in support of the Landing at Aitape, Tanahmerah Bay, and at Humboldt Bay, New Guinea. On the 29th and 30th, the carriers struck enemy shipping and installations at Truk, the powerful Japanese naval base in the Caroline Islands. The destroyer returned to Majuro for a period of upkeep from 4 May to 5 June.

Spence sortied with TG 58.4, the fast carriers, on 6 June, to attack the Mariana Islands. As aircraft struck the islands, the destroyer moved in and bombarded Japanese positions on Guam and Saipan. The planes attacked Iwo Jima on the 16th and then returned to shell the Marianas. Spence participated in the "Marianas Turkey Shoot" during the Battle of the Philippine Sea on 19 and 20 June. On 23 and 24 June, aircraft bombed targets on Guam, Saipan and Tinian. The destroyer conducted shore bombardment against Rota, Saipan and Guam from 26 June through the end of the month setting fuel tanks afire and sinking two sampans on the 27th. Spence replenished at Eniwetok in July and, on 4 August, sailed for the California coast via Pearl Harbor and arrived at San Francisco on 18 August. She was drydocked all of September and, on 5 October, sailed for Pearl Harbor and the Marshalls. She arrived at Eniwetok on 31 October and was ordered to Ulithi in early November, where she was assigned to TG 38.1, the Support Unit for the fast carriers of TF 38. She screened the carriers in Philippine waters as they launched attacks against Luzon during November and the first part of December.

Loss
On 17 December, Spence prepared to refuel and pumped out all of the salt water ballast from her tanks; but rough seas caused the fueling operation to be cancelled. The next day, the weather worsened and the storm turned into a major typhoon. As the ships wallowed in canyon-like troughs of brine, Spence's electrical equipment got wet from great quantities of sea water taken on board. After a 72-degree roll to port, all of the lights went out and the pumps stopped. The rudder jammed; and, after a deep roll to port about 11:00, Spence capsized and sank. Only 24 of her complement survived. USS Hull (DD-350) and USS Monaghan (DD-354) were also sunk in the typhoon. Spence was struck from the Navy list on 19 January 1945.

Honors
Spence received eight battle stars for World War II service.

title: USS Spence


text:
Red Hill Pass

Red Hill Pass may refer to:

 * Red Hill Pass (Arizona), United States
 * Red Hill Pass (Colorado), United States
 * Red Hill Pass (Eastern Cape pass), South Africa

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Red Hill Pass


text: User talk:213.202.139.201

title: User talk:213.202.139.201


text:
Warsaw Commuter Railway

Warsaw Commuter Railway (Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa, WKD) is a light rail commuter line in Poland's capital city of Warsaw. The line, together with its two branches, links Warsaw with the municipalities of Michałowice, Pruszków, Brwinów, Podkowa Leśna, Milanówek and Grodzisk Mazowiecki to the south-west of Warsaw.

History
Source: The line was constructed and operated under the original name Elektryczne Koleje Dojazdowe (Electric Commuter Rail) by a privately owned electrical power industry consortium Siła i Światło (Power and Light) established with the participation of British capital shortly after Poland regained independence after World War I in 1918. The consortium sought to build an electric railway in order to accelerate economic development and increase the demand for its services. To achieve this goal it created in 1922 the company Elektryczne Koleje Dojazdowe S.A., owned in 40% by Siła i Światło, 25% by one of the financing banks and the remaining 35% held by small shareholders.

In 1924 the company received a concession from the ministry of transport to build a private railroad from Warsaw through Grodzisk Mazowiecki to Żyrardów, under the condition that it would be run at least 2 kilometers from the existing line of the former Warsaw-Vienna Railway owned by the Polish State Railways (PKP). The work began in Komorów and proceeded simultaneously in two directions. In 1927 a 32.4 kilometres long standard gauge line electrified at 650 V DC with overhead wire was opened, linking Grodzisk Mazowiecki with the center of Warsaw. The line was connected with a 3 kilometre long non-electrified technical line with the national rail system in Komorów, 24 kilometres of the line between Podkowa Leśna and Warsaw consisted of double track, the four kilometres long segment of the line leading to the railroad's final station in Warsaw at Marszałkowska Street was street-running. The railroad operated 20 four-axle electric railcars produced by the English Electric Company at Preston, capable of travelling at a speed of up to 70 km/h, along with 20 unpowered passenger cars.

In 1932 the line was extended in Grodzisk Mazowiecki to reach Grodzisk Mazowiecki PKP station and a short branch line was built in Włochy just outside Warsaw, likewise linking with the Włochy PKP station. In 1936 a branch line was opened from Podkowa Leśna to Milanówek PKP station. Before the outbreak of World War II work was initiated on the construction of a second line from Komorów to Nadarzyn and Mszczonów.

The Elektryczna Kolej Dojazowa in 1939 carried 4000 passengers a day and ran trains every 10 minutes during rush hours. Its core business had not yet reached profitability, however the company made money reselling real estate which gained in value significantly due to the railroad.

During World War II the railroad remained operational during most of the German occupation albeit only on part of the line. In 1947 the company was nationalised by the Soviet installed communist government and in 1951 placed under the administration of the Polish State Railways and renamed to Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa (Warsaw Commuter Rail), however the line retains a narrower loading gauge and (until 2016) its specific electrification system while the national rail network uses 3 kV DC. During the 1960s the line was gradually trimmed at its ends and in Warsaw moved to newly built tracks in a cutting of the western part of the Warsaw Cross-City Line. In 1972 the almost half-a-century-old English Electric railcars were replaced by new PKP class EN94 EMUs produced by Pafawag in Wrocław designed especially for the line.

In 2001 with the restructuring of the Polish State Railways a separate company called ''PKP Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa Sp. z o.o.'' was created within the PKP Group and in 2007 taken over by a consortium formed by the Masovian Voivodeship and the municipalities through which the line runs, dropping the letters PKP from its name.

Several proposals have been made for the modernisation of line, proposing alternately either switching the line to standard tram rolling stock and eventually integrating with the Warsaw Tramway system or rebuilding the line to standard rail loading gauge and converting to a 3 kV electrification system in order to integrate it with the national rail network. Additionally, plans have been prepared for moving the final station of the line in Warsaw to Rondo Dmowskiego at Marszałkowska Street in order to facilitate easier transfers to the Centrum station on line M1 of the Warsaw Metro and to build the second, long-planned line between Komorów and Nadarzyn, however as of 2022 no funds have been allocated towards any of those.

In 2004 Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa received a single prototype of a new EMU designated PKP class EN95 built by PESA in Bydgoszcz which remains in service today, however no further units of this type have been ordered. Instead in 2010, the company ordered also from PESA 14 EMUs class EN97 (a.k.a. 33WE) of a completely new design, requiring in the specification the possibility to convert them to the voltage used on the national rail network, these were delivered in 2012. In 2016 the overhead voltage has been switched from 600 to 3,000 V and all EN97s were converted to a new voltage. In the same year Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa received 6 EMUs class EN100 (a.k.a. 39WE), manufactured by Newag (ordered in 2014).

In 2020 Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa started preparations to double-track the 7.5-km long Podkowa Leśna Główna – Grodzisk Mazowiecki Radońska section. This section was planned from the outset to be double track but for financial reasons only one track was built at the time. The works are expected to be completed by mid-December 2022.

Route
Starting as double-track from the Warszawa Śródmieście WKD terminus adjacent to the mainline Warszawa Centralna railway station, the line initially runs to the west alongside Warsaw's main east–west railway line before turning to the south-west on its own right of way. The length of the Warszawa Śródmieście WKD to Grodzisk Mazowiecki Radońska line is 33 km, and of the Milanówek branch 3 km. The stations are:

 * Warszawa Śródmieście WKD
 * Warszawa Ochota
 * Warszawa Zachodnia
 * Warszawa Reduta Ordona
 * Warszawa Aleje Jerozolimskie
 * Warszawa Raków
 * Warszawa Salomea
 * Opacz
 * Michałowice
 * Reguły
 * Malichy
 * Tworki
 * Pruszków WKD
 * Komorów
 * Nowa Wieś Warszawska
 * Kanie Helenowskie
 * Otrębusy
 * Podkowa Leśna Wschodnia
 * Podkowa Leśnia Główna
 * Podkowa Leśna Zachodnia

Here the line splits into two branches. The stations on the Milanówek branch (line 48) are:

 * Polesie
 * Milanówek Grudów

The stations on the Grodzisk Mazowiecki branch (line 47) are:

 * Kazimierówka
 * Brzózki
 * Grodzisk Mazowiecki Okrężna
 * Grodzisk Mazowiecki Piaskowa
 * Grodzisk Mazowiecki Jordanowice
 * Grodzisk Mazowiecki Radońska

There is a single-track non-electrified link between the Komorów station and the PKP rail network (Pruszków station), carrying no scheduled traffic.

Operation
The company's headquarters and the main technical depot are in Grodzisk Mazowiecki. The WKD is a standard gauge line and is electrified at 3 kV DC. Until May 2016, the railway line used 600 V DC as the only public railway line in Poland.

Rolling stock
The company also owns a vintage type EN80 four-axle electric unit, built by English Electric at Preston in 1927, and a small diesel shunter, obtained second hand from PKP.

On the main line, trains operate every 15 minutes at peak hours and every 30 minutes off-peak, with a service gap between midnight and 05:00. For most of the day, one train an hour runs through to Milanówek Grudów, with most of the other trains running through to Grodzisk Mazowiecki Radońska. All trains stop at all stations on their route, and a journey from Warszawa Śródmieście to Grodzisk Mazowiecki Radońska takes just under one hour.

Within Warsaw's borders, WKD accepts day tickets and transit passes issued by the Public Transport Authority.

title: Warsaw Commuter Railway


text:
Talk:Tactical Neural Implant

Tactical Neural Implant
Simply THE BEST example of 80's Industrial Music, and it still sounds fresh, BUT good luck buying it, and if you do find it you are very lucky!! 24.68.69.28 (talk) 22:04, 8 February 2008 (UTC)

Agreed on the absolutely amazing nature of this album. :') so happy I could cry. --24.13.224.40 (talk) 19:11, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

Videos from album

 * 1) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=93HFV01ybLg&feature=related -=- The Blade; from the 1992 Single Release
 * 2) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u8W6ID8jk4A -=- Mindphaser; the clips are from a Japanese sci-fi movie 'Gunhed'

Are there any more?!? 24.68.69.28 (talk) 22:09, 8 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tactical Neural Implant


text:
User:לערי ריינהארט/monobook.js

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authors: לערי ריינהארט

title: User:לערי ריינהארט/monobook.js


text:
Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)

Ninth Avenue, known as Columbus Avenue between West 59th and 110th Streets, is a thoroughfare on the West Side of Manhattan in New York City, United States. Traffic runs downtown (southbound) from the Upper West Side to Chelsea. Two short sections of Ninth Avenue also exist in the Inwood neighborhood, carrying two-way traffic.

Description
Ninth Avenue originates just south of West 14th Street at Gansevoort Street in the West Village, and extends uptown for 48 blocks until its intersection with West 59th Street, where it becomes Columbus Avenue – named after Christopher Columbus. It continues without interruption through the Upper West Side to West 110th Street, where its name changes again, to Morningside Drive, and runs north through Morningside Heights to West 122nd Street.

A one-block stretch of Ninth Avenue between 15th and 16th Streets is also signed as "Oreo Way". The first Oreo cookies were manufactured in 1912 at the former Nabisco headquarters on that block.

The portion of the avenue between 14th and 31st Streets was remodeled in 2008 with a bicycle lane between the eastern curb and the parking lane, followed by another portion between 77th and 96th Streets in 2011.

Above the Lincoln Square neighborhood—where the ABC television network houses its corporate headquarters in a group of rehabilitated and modern buildings—Columbus Avenue passes through the Central Park West Historic District, stretching from 67th/68th Streets to 89th Street. There, the avenue presents a unified streetscape of 5- to 7-story tenement buildings of brick and brownstone with discreet Romanesque and Italianate details, employing cast terracotta details and panels and courses of angle-laid brickwork. Many ornate tin cornices remain. The buildings are separated in mid-block by the narrowest of access alleys, giving glimpses of Ailanthus foliage in the side-street yards. The repeated designs of three or four commercial speculative builders, using the same features and detailing, add to the avenue's architectural unity. There are several generously scaled pre-World War I apartment buildings and the former Endicott Hotel, as well as a small commercial block from the office of McKim, Mead, and White at 72nd Street.

Between 77th and 81st Streets, Columbus Avenue borders the American Museum of Natural History and Theodore Roosevelt Park.

Ninth Avenue reappears in the Inwood neighborhood as a short two-way street in two segments interrupted by the New York City Subway's 207th Street Yard. It runs from West 201st Street to West 208th Street, dead-ending at Inwood North Cove Park at the Harlem River, then picks up again at West 215th Street, and terminates at Broadway between West 220th Street and the Broadway Bridge, at the location where West 221st Street would normally be. The addresses along this upper stretch from 201st Street to Broadway are continuous with the lower portion of Ninth Avenue.

History
The Ninth Avenue Elevated was a passenger train that ran above Ninth Avenue, beginning in the nineteenth century. The lease for the line was assumed by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) on April 1, 1903. The line ran until it was closed and dismantled in 1940, following the purchase of the IRT by the City of New York, as it was made redundant by the city's Eighth Avenue subway line.

Ninth Avenue and Columbus Avenue were converted to carry one-way traffic southbound in two stages. South of its intersection with Broadway, the avenue was converted on November 6, 1948. The remaining stretch, to 110th Street, was converted on December 6, 1951.

In 2007, Ninth Avenue became the first major north-south avenue in Manhattan with a protected bike lane. The bike lane initially extended only from 23rd to 16th Street. A protected bike lane on Columbus Avenue was built between 96th and 77th Street in 2010–2011; the bike lane led to increases in vehicular speeds, since drivers were no longer stuck behind bicyclists. After a $231 million project that replaced some of the water pipes under Ninth Avenue, the segment between 59th and 50th Street was narrowed to three travel lanes in March 2023, and a painted sidewalk and protected bike lane were added.

The Ninth Avenue International Food Festival street fair is held every year in May.

Transportation
Ninth Avenue (Columbus Avenue) is served primarily by the M7 between 66th Street and 106th Street while the M11 between Cathedral Parkway and 14th Street. The M12, M79 SBS, M34A SBS, and M14D+ Select Bus runs on short portions of the street.

The 1 (2 during late nights) have a station on Columbus Avenue on the IRT Broadway - Seventh Avenue Line at 66th Street and Broadway

Points of interest

 * Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, on Ninth Avenue and 55th Street
 * American Museum of Natural History
 * Chelsea, neighborhood
 * Church of St. Paul the Apostle
 * Church of the Holy Apostles
 * Fordham University
 * Gansevoort Market
 * Hell's Kitchen, neighborhood

 * John Jay College
 * Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, intersection of Columbus Avenue and Broadway (near 65th Street)
 * Manhattan West
 * Moynihan Station
 * Port Authority Bus Terminal, 41st Street
 * Roosevelt Hospital
 * 66th Street – the only subway station on Ninth or Columbus Avenues, serving the

In popular culture

 * Ninth Avenue is the setting of Saul Steinberg's View of the World from 9th Avenue.
 * In the TV show Seinfeld, the street set on which most of the street scenes were filmed was based on Columbus Avenue.
 * In the play The Zoo Story by Edward Albee, Jerry claims to live between Columbus Avenue and Central Park.

title: Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)


text: File:Screaming Trees Sweet Oblivion.jpg

title: File:Screaming Trees Sweet Oblivion.jpg


text:
Keasbey Nights

Keasbey Nights is the debut album by the American ska punk band Catch 22, released on March 24, 1998, by Victory Records. It is the only album by the band's original lineup, as singer/songwriter/guitarist Tomas Kalnoky, bassist Josh Ansley, and horn player James Egan all left the group later that year. Kalnoky re-recorded the entire album in 2006 with his new band Streetlight Manifesto in response to Victory's plan to re-release it. The album's title references Keasbey, New Jersey, an unincorporated area within the Woodbridge Township of Middlesex County.

Track listing
All songs written by Tomas Kalnoky
 * 1) "Dear Sergio" – 2:31
 * 2) "Sick and Sad" – 2:21
 * 3) "Keasbey Nights" – 3:02
 * 4) "Day In, Day Out" – 3:22
 * 5) "Walking Away" – 4:06
 * 6) "Giving Up, Giving In" – 2:48
 * 7) "On & On & On" – 3:14
 * 8) "Riding the Fourth Wave" – 1:50
 * 9) "This One Goes Out To…" – 2:35
 * 10) "Supernothing" – 2:49
 * 11) "9mm and a Three Piece Suit" – 1:56
 * 12) "Kristina She Don't Know I Exist" – 5:10
 * 13) "As the Footsteps Die Out Forever" – 3:11
 * 14) "1234, 1234" – 7:09

Personnel

 * Tomas Kalnoky - concept, guitars, music, photography, lead vocals, lyrics
 * Josh Ansley - bass guitar, backing vocals
 * Sean Bonner - construction
 * Alan Douches - mastering
 * Jamie Egan - co-production, trombone, flute, French horn, tin whistle, backing vocals
 * Ryan Eldred - saxophone, backing vocals
 * Grace Falconer - assistant Engineer
 * Chris Greer - drum kit
 * Kevin Gunther - trumpet, backing vocals
 * Hillary Johnson - co-production, mixing, recording
 * Augusto F. Menezes - photography

Streetlight Manifesto version
In 2004, Kalnoky decided to re-record Keasbey Nights with his new band Streetlight Manifesto. The decision was prompted by Victory Records' plan to re-release the album with additional content. The Streetlight Manifesto version was originally scheduled to be released in late 2004, but was continually delayed until being released on March 7, 2006.

The re-recorded version includes several musical and lyrical changes from the original. "Dear Sergio" includes an extra verse that Kalnoky had added when he recorded the song with the Bandits of the Acoustic Revolution on A Call to Arms (2001). Day In, Day Out features a new verse in place of playing the first verse again. The muted trumpet solo in "This One Goes Out To..." was replaced with a tenor saxophone, and different instruments were also used during the solo section of "Kristina She Don't Know I Exist". In "As the Footsteps Die out Forever", the line "I got a lot to do, I got a lot to be" is replaced with "You've got a lot to do, you've got a lot to be". Most notably, Kalnoky replaced the shout-outs during the extended ending of "1234, 1234" with a text-to-speech transcription of an interview in which he explains his motivations for re-recording the album:

"We wanted to get it right for once. Plus it helps me sleep at night knowing blood, sweat, and tears were put into a record as opposed to making people pay thirteen bucks for a record and they only get flashy new cover art. This release is a preemptive strike, I guess. Whatever you want to call it, it'll piss people off, and that, at the end of the day, is all that really matters.

If there's one thing I can't stand it's when a CD is re-released untouched sonically, with a new cover and maybe a live video, and kids are duped into buying this new edition of something they already have. I was upset when I was told the guys were going to do this for Keasbey, so I offered to re-record it because I've always thought it sounded like pure garbage sound-wise. Plus the budgets we get are laughable, particularly for a band with seven musicians to record. So we used some of our own money and took our time with this one. I'll tell you right now, we have no intent on hiding our intentions. We wanted to prevent the re-release of Keasbey untouched as well as get the record to sound how it should have sounded originally. For that we sacrificed months of our time and our money, and now we feel what we have is worth paying for. Although, truth be told, I don't care if a single record is sold, as it is indeed old music, and kids have a right to know what it is and to decide whether or not they'll pay for it. Do I think it's worth thirteen dollars? Yes, very much so, but that's my opinion. What other people decide, that's their own opinion. We're going to keep doing what we do whether or not a single record is sold."

The liner notes for the album include a message: "There is absolutely no way of explaining the existence of the record you now hold in your hands without somehow offending, infuriating, confusing or alienating certain parties, so we won't even try. Please enjoy this for what it is."

Personnel

 * Jim Conti - tenor saxophone
 * Jamie Egan - trumpet, backing vocals
 * Tomas Kalnoky - guitar, mixing, music, recording, lead vocals, lyrics
 * Chris Paszik - bass guitar, backing vocals
 * Dan Ross - alto saxophone, baritone saxophone
 * Mike Soprano - trombone
 * Chris Thatcher - drum kit
 * Colin Bell, Kenny Holland, Christopher Knowles, and Jeff Smith - gang vocals
 * Jay Franco - mastering
 * Rob Thatcher - hand percussion, gang vocals

Reception of both albums
Allmusic's Corey Apar rated both versions of Keasbey Nights four out of five stars. Of the original version, she stated that "ska revival fans of the late '90s will recognize the title immediately". Of the newer version, she explained that the tone "comes off a bit smoother and lacking some of the raw, youthful energy that made the original album such a cult classic." Putting both albums into perspective, she also stated: "Lacking the energy or desire to pick both albums apart and compare song by song, [the listener] shall instead be left with these thoughts."

title: Keasbey Nights


text: User talk:4.241.217.139

title: User talk:4.241.217.139


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File:Boomtown Rats - A Tonic For The Troops album cover.jpg

Summary
The Boomtown Rats - A Tonic For The Troops. Original UK LP album cover

Licensing
Original UK release album cover - album covers are fair use. Picture scanned by me Ian Dunster from original UK LP album.


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North West Hampshire (UK Parliament constituency)

North West Hampshire is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by Conservative Kit Malthouse, who served as Education Secretary in 2022.

History
This constituency's results suggest a Conservative safe seat since its creation for the 1983 general election. The outgoing MP for Basingstoke, David Mitchell, was elected the first MP as he chose to represent the area carved out from the old seat, where he lived instead, and served for fourteen years. On Sir David Mitchell's retirement in 1997 George Young won the seat and held it until his resignation in 2015. Young was previously MP for the marginal constituency of Ealing, Acton from 1974 to 1997, and was Transport Secretary in the Government of John Major from 1995 to 1997. He also ran for Speaker of the House in 2000 and 2009, being defeated on both occasions. Young was appointed Leader of the House of Commons in the coalition government following the 2010 general election, but returned to the backbenches in David Cameron's cabinet reshuffle of 4 September 2012 and returned to the government frontbenches as Chief Whip a few weeks later, in October 2012 in place of Mitchell's son Andrew Mitchell. In 2015, Young was succeeded by Kit Malthouse, also a Conservative.

The 2010 result placed the seat 31st of the 307 Conservative seats by share of the vote polled.

Constituency profile
The constituency is in the county of Hampshire focused around the town of Andover which has small pockets of regionally high levels of social housing and unemployment; however, the seat overall had the 32nd lowest level of claimants of the 84 seats in the South East, at 1.7%, lower than the regional average of 2.4%.

The economy is built on the military research, building and operations in the area and larger homes attracting wealthy older families and retirees, a high proportion of which are detached or semi-detached in both authorities covered, building and engineering industries and the ease of most areas to access London, Basingstoke, Reading and the Commuter Belt. Smaller towns in the constituency include Tadley and Whitchurch.

Boundaries
1983–1997: The Borough of Test Valley wards of Alamein, Anna, Bourne Valley, Dun Valley, Harewood, Harrow Way, Kings Somborne and Michelmersh, Millway, Nether Wallop and Broughton, Over Wallop, St Mary's, Stockbridge, Tedworth, Weyhill, and Winton, and the Borough of Basingstoke and Deane wards of Baughurst, Burghclere, East Woodhay, Kingsclere, Overton, St Mary Bourne, Tadley Central, Tadley North, Tadley South, and Whitchurch.

1997–2010: The Borough of Test Valley wards of Alamein, Anna, Bourne Valley, Harrow Way, Millway, St Mary's, Tedworth, Weyhill, and Winton, and the Borough of Basingstoke and Deane wards of Baughurst and Heath End, Burghclere, East Woodhay, Highclere and Bourne, Kingsclere, Oakley and North Waltham, Overton and Laverstoke, Sherborne St John, Tadley, and Whitchurch.

2010–2024: The Borough of Test Valley wards of Alamein, Amport, Anna, Bourne Valley, Charlton, Harrow Way, Millway, Penton Bellinger, St Mary's, and Winton, and the Borough of Basingstoke and Deane wards of Baughurst, Burghclere, East Woodhay, Highclere and Bourne, Kingsclere, Oakley and North Waltham, Overton, Laverstoke and Steventon, Tadley North, Tadley South, and Whitchurch.

2024-present: Further to the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, enacted by the Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023, from the 2024 United Kingdom general election, the constituency composed of the following (as they existed on 1 December 2020):

 * The Borough of Basingstoke and Deane wards of: Evingar; Sherborne St. John & Rooksdown; Tadley & Pamber; Tadley North, Kingsclere & Baughurst; Whitchurch, Overton & Laverstoke.
 * The Borough of Test Valley wards of: Andover Downlands; Andover Harroway; Andover Millway; Andover Romans; Andover St. Mary’s; Andover Winton; Bourne Valley.

''To bring the electorate within the permitted range, rural areas to the west and south of Andover will be transferred to Romsey and Southampton North and, in the east, the village of Oakley will be transferred to Basingstoke. The Sherborne St John & Rooksdown ward will be transferred in.''

Members of Parliament
Basingstoke and Winchester prior to 1983

Elections in the 2010s
UKIP originally selected Diane James for this constituency. In March 2015 James was replaced firstly by Malcolm Bint, then shortly afterwards by Susan Perkins. Bint became candidate in North Durham.


text:
National Hispanic Cultural Center

The National Hispanic Cultural Center is an institution in Albuquerque, New Mexico dedicated to Hispanic culture, arts and humanities. The campus spans 20 acres and is located along the Rio Grande in Albuquerque, New Mexico, on Avenida César Chávez and 4th St. Now presenting 700 events a year, the NHCC is home to three theatres, an art museum, library, genealogy center, Spanish-language resource center, two restaurants (Pop Fizz Paleteria and La Fonda del Bosque ) and the largest concave fresco in North America.

The NHCC opened in 2000 and is one of several institutions governed by the State of New Mexico's Department of Cultural Affairs. Events, exhibitions and programs are presented in the areas of music, theatre, dance, visual arts, culinary arts, film, history, literary arts and culturally-significant customs, featuring local, national and international artists, scholars and entertainers. In addition to its own events, the NHCC also hosts hundreds of rental events each year, including film screenings, weddings, memorial services, graduation parties and quinceañeras - in its theatres, ballrooms and outside plaza.

The NHCC sits within the Barelas neighborhood, a traditionally Hispanic neighborhood that has historically been a crossroads for New Mexico's people. The community was settled for its proximity to a natural ford in the Rio Grande and to the Camino Real, the Spanish colonial-era Royal Road used primarily for trade between Mexico and northern New Mexico, and later grew dramatically due to its proximity to the railroad.

title: National Hispanic Cultural Center


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Beccles railway station

Beccles railway station is on the East Suffolk Line in the east of England, serving the town of Beccles, Suffolk. It is 40 mi down the line from Ipswich and 109 mi measured from London Liverpool Street; it is situated between Brampton and Oulton Broad South stations. Its three-letter station code is BCC.

It is managed by Abellio Greater Anglia, which also operates all trains that call.

History
The East Suffolk Railway opened in 1854, operating as far as Halesworth, and the line was then extended to Ipswich and Yarmouth South Town in 1859. The Beccles to Lowestoft line opened in the same year. The Waveney Valley Line from Tivetshall on the Great Eastern Main Line reached Beccles in 1863, making the town an important junction on the expanding Great Eastern Railway network.

The Waveney Valley Line closed to passengers in 1954 and the Yarmouth-Beccles Line closed to passengers in 1959. The Waveney Valley Line was then closed to freight traffic in 1963. The engine shed was demolished in 2006.

Passing loop development
Work began in early 2010 to develop a passing loop at Beccles to allow services to operate hourly on the single-track line. The lack of a double-track to allow trains to pass north of Saxmundham had previously made this frequency of service impossible.

By March 2010, the single track at Beccles was renewed with continuously welded rail and concrete sleepers. The track was also realigned from the southern approach to the station to allow room for the loop. The old track was lifted and placed alongside the disused platform and disposed of in late 2010. By March 2012, work had started to build the passing loop and, by May of that year, new turnout points were in place and work had begun on redeveloping the disused island platform. The old trackbed had also been removed.

Work was completed by December 2012 and enhanced services began on 10 December 2012. The £4 million scheme was jointly funded by Network Rail and Suffolk County Council.

Facilities
There is a café in the original station building adjoining the Lowestoft-bound platform.

There is a footbridge with quite steep ramps connecting the platforms, and passenger information screens on both platforms.

Services
the typical Monday-Sunday off-peak service at Beccles is as follows:

Trains direct to and from London Liverpool Street were withdrawn in 2010.

One weekday early-morning train is extended through to Harwich International and there is a return from there in the evening.

title: Beccles railway station


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Jill Bennett (British actress)

Nora Noel Jill Bennett (24 December 1926 – 4 October 1990) was a British actress.

Early life and education
Jill Bennett was born in Penang, the Straits Settlements, to "wealthy Scottish parents" who owned a rubber plantation. She was educated at Prior's Field School, an independent girls boarding school in Godalming, from which she was expelled when she was fourteen. She attended RADA from 1944 to 1946.

Career
Bennett made her West End debut in Now Barabbas in March 1947, was a company member during the 1949 season at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre in Stratford upon Avon, and made her first film, The Long Dark Hall with Rex Harrison, in 1950.

She made many appearances in British films, including Lust for Life (1956), The Criminal (1960), The Nanny (1965), The Skull (1965), Inadmissible Evidence (1968), The Charge of the Light Brigade (1968), Julius Caesar (1970), I Want What I Want (1972), Mister Quilp (1975), Full Circle (1977) and Britannia Hospital (1982). She also appeared in the Bond film For Your Eyes Only (1981), Lady Jane (1986) and Hawks (1988). Her final film performance was in The Sheltering Sky (1990).

She made forays into television, such as roles in Play for Today (Country, 1981), with Wendy Hiller, and as the colourful Lady Grace Fanner in John Mortimer's adaptation of his own novel, Paradise Postponed (1985). In 1984 she co-wrote and starred in the sitcom Poor Little Rich Girls alongside Maria Aitken. Among several roles, Osborne wrote the character of Annie in his play The Hotel in Amsterdam (1968) for her. But Bennett's busy schedule prevented her from playing the role until it was screened on television in 1971.

She co-starred with Rachel Roberts in the Alan Bennett television play The Old Crowd (1979), directed by Lindsay Anderson.

Personal life
Bennett was the live-in companion of actor Godfrey Tearle in the late 1940s and early 1950s. She was married to screenwriter Willis Hall and later to John Osborne. Bennett and Osborne divorced, acrimoniously, in 1978. She had no children.

Death
Bennett died by suicide on 4 October 1990, aged 63, having long suffered from depression and the brutalising effects of her marriage to Osborne (according to Osborne's biographer). She did this by taking an overdose of Quinalbarbitone. Her death took place at home, 23 Gloucester Walk, Kensington, London W8, and she left an estate valued at £596,978.

Osborne, who was subject during her life to a restraining order regarding written comments about her, immediately wrote a vituperative chapter about her to be added to the second volume of his autobiography. The chapter, in which he rejoiced at her death, caused great controversy.

In 1992, Bennett's ashes, along with those of her friend, the actress Rachel Roberts (who also died by suicide, in 1980), were scattered by their friend Lindsay Anderson on the waters of the River Thames in London. Anderson, with several of the two actresses' professional colleagues and friends, took a boat trip down the Thames, and the ashes were scattered while musician Alan Price sang the song "Is That All There Is?" The event was included in Anderson's autobiographical BBC documentary Is That All There Is? (1992).

Theatre career

 * Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford upon Avon, 1949 season
 * Titania in A Midsummer Night's Dream, St Martin's Theatre, December 1949
 * Anni in Captain Carvallo, St. James' Theatre, August 1950
 * Iras in Caesar and Cleopatra and Antony and Cleopatra, St. James' Theatre, May 1951 (opposite Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh)
 * Helen Eliot in The Night of the Ball, New Theatre, January 1955
 * Masha in The Seagull, Saville Theatre, August 1956
 * Mrs. Martin in The Bald Prima Donna, Arts Theatre, November 1956
 * Sarah Stanham in The Touch of Fear, Aldwych Theatre, December 1956
 * Isabelle in Dinner With the Family, New Theatre, December 1957
 * Penelope in Last Day in Dreamland and A Glimpse of the Sea, Lyric Hammersmith, November 1959
 * Susan Roper in Breakfast for One, Arts Theatre, April 1961
 * Feemy Evans in The Showing Up of Blanco Posnet, and Lavinia in Androcles and the Lion, Mermaid Theatre, October 1961
 * Estelle in In Camera (Huis Clos), Oxford Playhouse, February 1962
 * Ophelia in Castle in Sweden, Piccadilly Theatre, May 1962
 * Hilary in The Sponge Room, and Elizabeth Mintey in Squat Betty, Royal Court, December 1962
 * Isabelle in The Love Game, New Arts Theatre, October 1964
 * Countess Sophia Delyanoff in A Patriot for Me, Royal Court, June 1965
 * Anna Bowers in A Lily in Little India, Hampstead Theatre Club, November 1965
 * Imogen Parrott in Trelawney of the Wells, National Theatre at the Old Vic, August 1966
 * Katerina in The Storm, National Theatre at the Old Vic, October 1966
 * Pamela in Time Present, Royal Court, May 1968 at the Duke of York's Theatre, July 1968 (for which she won the Variety Club and Evening Standard Awards for Best Actress)
 * Anna Bowers in Three Months Gone at the Royal Court in January 1970; at the Duchess Theatre in March 1970,
 * Frederica in West of Suez, Royal Court, August 1971; Cambridge Theatre, October 1971
 * Hedda in Hedda Gabler, Royal Court, June 1972
 * Amanda in Private Lives (briefly taking over for Maggie Smith), Queen's Theatre, June 1973
 * Leslie Crosbie in The Letter, Palace Theatre, Watford, July 1973
 * Isobel Sands in The End of Me Old Cigar, Greenwich Theatre, January 1975
 * Fay in Loot, Royal Court, June 1975
 * Sally Prosser in Watch It Come Down, National Theatre at the Old Vic, February 1976 at the National Theatre at the Old Vic; March 1976 at the Lyttelton Theatre
 * Mrs. Shankland and Miss Railton-Bell in Separate Tables, Apollo Theatre, January 1977
 * Mrs. Tina in The Aspern Papers (1978); The Queen in The Eagle Has Two Heads (1979); and Maggie Cutler in The Man Who Came to Dinner (1979); all at the Chichester Festival Theatre
 * Gertrude in Hamlet, Royal Court, April 1980
 * Alice in The Dance of Death, Royal Exchange Manchester, October 1983
 * Janine in Infidelities, at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in August 1985; at the Donmar Warehouse in October 1985; and revived at the Boulevard Theatre in June 1986
 * Queen Elizabeth I in Mary Stuart, Edinburgh Festival, August 1987
 * Miss Singer in Exceptions, New End Theatre, Hampstead, July 1988
 * Anne in Poor Nanny, King's Head Theatre, March 1989

Radio theatre
Nora in A Doll's House, BBC Third Programme 1959. Directed by Frederick Bradnum. Cast included Jack May and John Gabriel.

Masha in The Three Sisters/TRI SESTRY, BBC Home Service Radio 1965. Directed by John Tydeman. Cast included Paul Scofield, Ian McKellen, Lynn Redgrave and Wilfrid Lawson.

Theatre sources

 * Who’s Who in the Theatre, 17th Edition, Vol. 1. (Gale Research, 1981.)
 * 25 Years of the English Stage Company at the Royal Court, Richard Findlater, ed. (Amber Lane Press, 1981.)
 * Theatre Record (periodical indexes)

title: Jill Bennett (British actress)


text: User talk:83.129.31.78

title: User talk:83.129.31.78


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Talk:Keasbey Nights

Song Meanings
Does anyone know anything about the meanings of any of the songs on this album? Trusko 12:25, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

look under the bandits of the acoustic revolution notes, it explains dear sergio and here's to life really nicely http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Call_to_Arms

title: Talk:Keasbey Nights


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A Tonic for the Troops

A Tonic for the Troops is the second album by Irish rock band the Boomtown Rats, released in June 1978.

A Tonic for the Troops peaked at No. 8 on the UK Albums Chart in 1978. The album included the singles "She's So Modern", "Like Clockwork" and "Rat Trap". "She's So Modern" reached number 12 on the UK Singles Chart. The most commercially successful track on the album was "Rat Trap", which made it to Number 1 on the UK Singles Chart.

Background
The album featured dark themes in an often upbeat, pop-punk style. One of the album's tracks, "(I Never Loved) Eva Braun", was described by one critic as "the happiest, cheeriest, best upbeat song about Hitler ever written." The lyrics of other songs discussed suicide ("Living in an Island") and euthanasia ("Can't Stop").

The album's title was taken from a line in "She's So Modern": "And Charlie ain't no Nazi/ she likes to wear her leather boots/ 'cuz it's exciting for the veterans/ and it's a tonic for the troops."

"Rat Trap" was the final cut on the UK version of the album but the opening track on the US version.

Reception
Rolling Stone critic Tom Carson described A Tonic for the Troops as "an inventive and melodically forceful piece of work, glossily ingratiating all the way", but also found the band "far too impressed by their own wit to be particularly incisive or convincing musically." Robert Christgau of The Village Voice was more positive, remarking that while the album "does turn rather campy at times... it will certainly do." He concluded: "I'll take a good calculating song about Adolf Hitler over an ordinary calculating song about the perils of romance any day, and if you're heading your music toward the rock mainstream, wit and flash don't hurt." The Globe and Mail noted that "A Tonic for the Troops isn't so much a rock and roll album as it is a hot scamper through a number of recently-molded styles, from Talking Heads to Elvis Costello."

Track listing
All songs written by Bob Geldof except where indicated.

LP British version
SIDE 1 SIDE 2
 * 1) "Like Clockwork" (Bob Geldof, Pete Briquette, Simon Crowe)
 * 2) "Blind Date"
 * 3) "(I Never Loved) Eva Braun"
 * 4) "Living in an Island"
 * 5) "Don't Believe What You Read"
 * 1) "She's So Modern" (Geldof, Johnnie Fingers)
 * 2) "Me and Howard Hughes"
 * 3) "Can't Stop"
 * 4) "(Watch Out For) The Normal People"
 * 5) "Rat Trap"

CD British version

 * 1) "Like Clockwork" (Bob Geldof, Pete Briquette, Simon Crowe)
 * 2) "Blind Date"
 * 3) "(I Never Loved) Eva Braun"
 * 4) "She's So Modern" (Geldof, Johnnie Fingers) (Track 6 – 1 on Side 2 – on the European version)
 * 5) "Don't Believe What You Read"
 * 6) "Living in an Island"
 * 7) "Me and Howard Hughes"
 * 8) "Can't Stop"
 * 9) "(Watch Out For) The Normal People"
 * 10) "Rat Trap"
 * 11) "Lying Again" (CD bonus track)
 * 12) "How Do You Do?" (CD bonus track)
 * 13) "So Strange" (CD bonus track)

American LP version
SIDE 1 SIDE 2
 * 1) "Rat Trap"
 * 2) "Me and Howard Hughes"
 * 3) "(I Never Loved) Eva Braun"
 * 4) "Living in an Island"
 * 5) "Like Clockwork" (Geldof, Briquette, Crowe)
 * 1) "Blind Date"
 * 2) "Mary of the 4th Form" (a re-recorded version of the original found on their first LP The Boomtown Rats)
 * 3) "Don't Believe What You Read"
 * 4) "She's So Modern" (Geldof, Fingers)
 * 5) "Joey's on the Street Again" (from The Boomtown Rats)

Personnel
Credits adapted from album liner notes and AllMusic.

The Boomtown Rats
 * Bob Geldof – vocals, saxophone
 * Pete Briquette – bass, vocals
 * Gerry Cott – guitar
 * Johnnie Fingers – keyboards, vocals
 * Simon Crowe – drums, vocals
 * Garry Roberts – guitar, vocals

Additional musicians
 * Alan Holmes – saxophone

Technical
 * The Boomtown Rats – production
 * Stuff Brown – engineering
 * Fin Costello – photography
 * Chalkie Davies – photography
 * Tim Friese-Greene – engineering
 * Hothouse – artwork, design
 * Chuck Loyola – painting
 * Robert John "Mutt" Lange – production

title: A Tonic for the Troops


text: User:Agoracritus

title: User:Agoracritus


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Talk:USS Spence

DANFS
material is sourced from DANFS. The bot should be patched to check against a white list of public domain sources before automatically tagging someting as a possible copyright violation. This white list could be easily maintained, as we already have a start with the various license stubs. Davejenk1ns 17:26, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:USS Spence


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User talk:Thomasmschaefer

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -  BanyanTree 17:26, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

A tag has been placed on Don Gregory, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article appears to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think that you can assert the notability of the subject, you may contest the deletion. To do this, add  on the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag) and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm the subject's notability under Wikipedia guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Realkyhick 01:25, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Thomasmschaefer


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List of South African English regionalisms

This is a list of words used in mainstream South African English but not usually found in other dialects of the English language. For internationally common English words of South African origin, see List of English words of Afrikaans origin.

A-B

 * aikhona: (informal) meaning no or hell no
 * Amasi: fermented milk, sometimes called maas.
 * bakkie: a utility truck or pickup truck. Can also mean a small basin or other container.
 * bergie: (informal) refers to a particular subculture of vagrants in Cape Town (from Afrikaans berg (mountain), originally referring to vagrants who sheltered in the forests of Table Mountain). Increasingly used in other cities to mean a vagrant of any description. The term hobo is also used for homeless vagrants.
 * bioscope, bio: cinema; movie theatre (now dated)
 * biltong: cured meat, similar to jerky
 * bladdy: (informal) occasionally heard South African version of bloody (the predominantly heard form), from the Cape Coloured/Afrikaans blerrie, itself a corruption of the English word
 * boerewors: traditional sausage (from Afrikaans "farmer’s sausage"), usually made with a mixture of course-ground beef and pork and seasoned with spices such as coriander. Droëwors is boerewors with vinegar added as a preservative that has been cured similar to biltong.
 * boy: in addition to its normal meaning, an archaic and derogatory term for a male domestic servant of colour, for example, a gardener may be called a garden boy (not uncommon)
 * braai: a barbecue, to barbecue
 * buck: a rand, referring to the Springbok that is featured on the South African R1-coin (one rand coin).
 * bundu, bundus: a wilderness region, remote from cities (from Shona bundo, meaning grasslands)
 * bunny chow: loaf of bread filled with curry, speciality of Durban, particularly Indian South Africans also called a kota by black South Africans, on account of it commonly being sold in a quarter loaf of bread (see also spatlo).
 * bokkie: originally referring to a baby antelope. It refers to a nubile (often Afrikaner) white girl, and it can also be applied as a pet-name between lovers.

C-E

 * cafe: when pronounced refers to a convenience store not a coffee shop (originally such stores sold coffee and other basic items) called a tea room by Durbanites.
 * checkers
 * A plastic carrier bag, named after the South African grocery chain ‘Checkers’.

 * china: (informal) a friend, abbreviated Cockney rhyming slang, "china plate", for "mate" e.g. "Howzit my China?"
 * circle: Used to refer to the shape but also used to refer to a traffic roundabout, given its circular shape
 * Coloured: refers to typically brown skinned South Africans of mixed European and Khoisan or black and/or Malay ancestry, a definition formally codified under apartheid.
 * combi/kombi/coombi: a mini-van, people-carrier, especially referring to the Volkswagen Type 2 and its descendants. Not usually used in the context of minibus taxis, which are referred to as taxis.
 * cool drink, cold drink: soft drink, fizzy drink (not necessarily chilled). Groovy was used to refer to canned soft drinks (after one of the first brands to introduce the container to South Africa) :may refer to a bribe, typically to a traffic cop
 * creepy crawly Kreepy Krauly: automated pool cleaner
 * dagga: (pronounced or more commonly, ) marijuana
 * donga: an erosion ditch of the type found in South African topography (from Zulu, wall)
 * draadkar/draad-kar: a toy car which is constructed out of throw-away steel wires.
 * entjie: a cigarette.
 * erf
 * (plural erfs, in English, erven/erve in Dutch/Afrikaans) a plot of land in an urban area (from Cape Dutch)

F-J

 * geyser: a domestic hot water heater, particularly a storage hot water heater
 * girl: in addition to its normal meaning, archaic and derogatory term for a female domestic servant of colour. Superseded by "maid", and more recently "domestic worker" or "domestic".
 * gogga: (pronounced, the latter similar to the Afrikaans pronunciation) a creepy crawly or an insect
 * gogo: Zulu word meaning grandmother/grandma, also used as a general term of respect for women of appropriate age. Became part of the iconic slogan Yebo Gogo (Yes, Grandma) from the South African cellular service-provider Vodacom

gogo in tswana has the same meaning as gogga - it refers to a creepy crawly or an insect.;
 * homeland: under apartheid, typically referred to a self-governing "state" for black South Africans
 * howzit: (colloquial) hello, how are you, good morning (despite being a contracted of 'how is it going', howzit is almost exclusively a greeting, and seldom a question)
 * imbizo: A meeting or conference, similar to a legotla or indaba, formerly called a bosberaad (Afrikaans for bush meeting): often a retreat for senior government and political officials to discuss policy.
 * is it?: (colloquial) Is that so? An all purpose exclamative, can be used in any context where "really?", "uh-huh", etc. would be appropriate, e.g. "I'm feeling pretty tired." "Is it?".
 * indaba: a conference (from Zulu, "a matter for discussion")
 * jam: (informal) can also be referred to as having a good time, partying, drinking etc. e.g. "Let's jam soon"
 * ja: (colloquial) yes (from Afrikaans "yes"). Pronounced "ya".
 * janee, ja-nee, ja/nee, ja nee: (colloquial) meaning yes/agreed, in response to a question: "Ja no, that's fine." (From Afrikaans "ja nee", which is used in the same sense)
 * jol: (informal, pronounced ) another term more commonly used for partying and drinking. e.g. "It was a jol" or "I am jolling with you soon." Can also mean having a lighthearted fling or affair ("I'm jolling that cherrie").
 * just now: idiomatically used to mean soon, later, in a short while, or a short time ago, but unlike the UK not immediately.

K-L

 * kaffir: (derogatory/offensive, pronounced ) a black-skinned person (from Arabic kafir meaning non-believer) used as a racial slur
 * kif: (informal) indicating appreciation, like "cool"
 * kip: a nap
 * Klaas Vakie: the Sandman
 * koki, koki pen: (pronounced ) a fibre-tip pen or sharpie (from a defunct local brand name).
 * koppie: a small hill, (also Afrikaans for a cup/mug)
 * koeksister: a Dutch-derived sweet pastry dessert dipped in a syrup. Pastry is traditionally shaped in the form of a French braid. The name  koeksister  translates as  Cake-sister
 * lapa: permanent, semi-open thatched structure used for entertaining
 * lekker
 * (informal, pronounced ) nice, pleasant, enjoyable (from Afrikaans "nice")

 * lappie: (informal) a small dishcloth used for cleaning, as opposed to a dishcloth or teatowel
 * laaitie: (informal) one's own child or younger brother, specifically refers to a young boy, or to refer to a young person as a lightweight or inexperienced in something particular
 * location, kasi: an apartheid-era urban area populated by Blacks, Cape Coloureds, or Indians. It was replaced by "township" in common usage amongst Whites but is still widely used by Blacks in the form of kasi

M-N

 * matric: school-leaving certificate or the final year of high school or a student in the final year, short for matriculation
 * mielie, mealie: an ear of maize (from Afrikaans mielie)
 * mieliemeel, mealie meal: used for both cornmeal (maize meal) and the traditional porridge made from it similar to polenta, the latter also commonly known by the Afrikaans word pap, and is a traditional staple food of black South Africans. See pap
 * Melktert/Milktart: a Dutch custard-tart with a strong milk flavor, usually sprinkled with cinnamon on top.
 * monkey's wedding: a sunshower.
 * Moola: currency used by the now-defunct South African mobile-data service Mxit; money in general
 * morgan: a traditional unit of measurement of land area of Dutch origin, that is approximately equal to two acres.
 * muti: any sort of medicine but especially something unfamiliar (Zulu for traditional medicine)
 * Mzansi: another name for South Africa, from the Xhosa word for "South".
 * naartjie: a mandarin orange (from Indonesian via Afrikaans), a tangerine in Britain. Mandarin is used in Durban, rather than naartjie
 * now now: (colloquial) derived from the Afrikaans  nou-nou  (which can be used both in future- and immediate past-tense) idiomatically used to mean soon, but not immediately (sooner than just now in South Africa, but similar to just now in the United Kingdom)

O-R

 * outjie: a person, similar to "bloke" (man)
 * ousie: Afrikaans for maid/housekeeper, usually applied only to female housekeepers of colour, but is far more derogatory than maid/mate and is often never used except to be derogatory.
 * pap: porridge-like dish made from maize meal (cornmeal)
 * poppie: (informal) a ditzy woman (derogatory term), from the Afrikaans word pop, meaning a doll
 * potjie: a cast iron dutch oven.
 * robot: besides the standard meaning, in South Africa this is also used for traffic lights. The etymology of the word derives from a description of early traffic lights as robot policemen, which then got truncated with time.
 * rondavel: round free-standing hut-like structure, usually with a thatched roof,.
 * rusk: a type of bread or pastry that was traditionally dried to extend its shelf life, and that is dipped in tea or coffee.

S

 * samp: dried and roughly ground maize kernels, similar to American grits
 * sarmie: a sandwich
 * samoosa: a small triangular pastry of Indian origin. South African spelling and pronunciation of samosa.
 * Sangoma: a traditional African healer
 * shame
 * an exclamation denoting sympathy as in "shame, you poor thing, you must be cold". Also used to describe a cuteness factor.

 * sharp, shapp, shapp-shapp, pashasha, pashash: General positive exclamation meaning "OK", "all's good", "no worries", or "goodbye". Often accompanied by a thumbs-up gesture. A similar, more recent term used in Cape Town is aweh. Also means intelligent (that laaitie is sharp).
 * shebeen: (also used in Ireland and Scotland) an illegal drinking establishment, nowadays meaning any legal, informal bar, especially in townships
 * shongololo, songololo: millipede (from Zulu and Xhosa, ukushonga, to roll up)
 * skyfie: segment of an orange or other citrus fruit
 * snackwich: a Jaffle-style toasted sandwich made in an electric toaster
 * sosatie: a kebab on a stick
 * soutie: derogatory term for an English-speaking South African, from the Afrikaans soutpiel (literally "salty penis"), which referred to British colonial settlers who had one foot in England, one foot in South Africa and, consequently, their manhood dangling in the Atlantic Ocean.
 * spanspek: a cantaloupe
 * spaza: an informal trading post/convenience store found in townships and remote areas
 * standard: besides other meanings, used to refer to a school grade higher than grades 1 and 2 (now defunct)
 * State President: head of state between 1961 and 1994 - the position is now the President of South Africa
 * Stompie: A discarded cigarette / cigarette butt-end. Also another name for a rumour that is generally made up and not reliable.

T-Z

 * tackies, takkies, tekkies: sneakers, trainers
 * tea room: convenience store, used by Durbanites (see also cafe).
 * thumb suck: an estimate that is based on a pure guess and not based on any sort of analysis.
 * tickey box, ticky-box, tiekieboks: a payphone, derived from "tickey" coin (threepenny coin minted in 1892), as one had to insert a coin to make a call. Archaic, and superseded by public phone and payphone.
 * town: the Central Business District (CBD) of a town or city, used without the definite article ("let's go to town to buy clothes"). CBD tends to be used in more formal contexts.
 * township: residential area, historically reserved for black Africans, Coloureds or Indians under apartheid. Sometimes also used to describe impoverished formally designated residential areas largely populated by black Africans, established post-Apartheid. Formerly called a location. Also has a distinct legal meaning in South Africa's system of land title, with no racial connotations.
 * veld: virgin bush, especially grassland or wide open rural spaces. Afrikaans for field.
 * vetkoek: Afrikaner deep fried dough bread


text:
Woodbridge railway station

Woodbridge railway station is on the East Suffolk Line in the east of England, serving the town of Woodbridge, Suffolk. It is 10 mi down the line from Ipswich and 79 mi measured from London Liverpool Street; it is situated between Westerfield and Melton. Its three-letter station code is WDB.

The station was opened in 1859. Today it is managed by Abellio Greater Anglia, which also operates all trains that call.

History
The railway line connecting the East Suffolk Railway (ESR) at Halesworth with the Eastern Union Railway (EUR) (although since 1854 this had been leased by the Eastern Counties Railway) at Ipswich was built in two parts: the portion of this line south of Woodbridge was built by the EUR; Woodbridge station and the portion of line north of there was built by the ESR. The line opened on 1 June 1859, and Woodbridge station opened with the line. The ESR was absorbed by the ECR on opening day. The station buildings were designed by Frederick Barnes, who also designed other Suffolk stations such as Thurston, Elmswell and Bealings.

On 1 July 1862, the ECR and other small railway companies amalgamated to become the Great Eastern Railway (GER). At the 1923 Grouping, the GER was amalgamated with other companies to form the London and North Eastern Railway; this in turn was a constituent of British Railways at the start of 1948.

On 1 January 1927 there was a train crash at Woodbridge station. A wagon coupling had broken at Bealings and when the engine stopped at Woodbridge, the rear portion running downhill smashed into the back of the stationary train. Only one minor injury was recorded.

The station's goods yard closed on 18 April 1966. The ticket office closed with the introduction of Paytrains on 7 March 1967.

With the privatisation of British Rail, ownership of the line and station passed to Railtrack on 1 April 1994. The franchise to operate the passenger services on this route was won by Anglia Railways in 1997; in 2004 National Express won the franchise and operated services using the branding 'one', which was renamed National Express East Anglia in 2008. In 2012, the franchise passed to the current operator, Abellio Greater Anglia.

On 28 January 2003 a train collided with a car on the ungated level crossing leading to the marina.

On 13 December 2010 a train hit a car on a level crossing close to Woodbridge station.

In spring 2021 due to increasing number of people using the crossings, the barriers at Haywards and Ferry Lane level crossings were upgraded to full barriers making them safer.

Services
, the typical Monday-Sunday off-peak service at Woodbridge is as follows:

Direct trains to and from London Liverpool Street were withdrawn in 2010.

One weekday early-morning train is extended through to Harwich International, with a return journey in the evening.

title: Woodbridge railway station


text: User talk:67.64.255.123

title: User talk:67.64.255.123


text:
Vengeance on Varos

Vengeance on Varos is the second serial of the 22nd season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in two weekly parts on 19 and 26 January 1985.

The serial is set on the planet Varos, where the Sixth Doctor and Peri find themselves in a world in which torture and executions are broadcast to the public as entertainment, and the alien mining representative is extorting the planet's Governor into selling the valuable ore Zeiton-7 to his company cheaply.

Plot
The Sixth Doctor and Peri travel to the planet Varos in search of Zeiton-7 ore in order to repair the TARDIS.

On Varos, the Galatron Mining Corporation's representative Sil is negotiating with Varos's Governor over the price of Zeiton-7 ore. The popular vote is against the Governor, and he is forced to please the citizens by ordering the execution of a rebel leader named Jondar.

The Doctor and Peri free Jondar and flee, meeting up with Jondar's wife Areta. The Doctor is separated from the others, who are arrested. With his attempt to escape now being broadcast as entertainment to all of Varos, he enters a corridor that appears in his mind as a desert, and due to its psychological effects, begins to die from thirst.

The Governor decrees that the Doctor and Jondar will be executed by hanging, while Peri and Areta are to be subjected to horrific scientific experiments. The four escape towards a possible escape route before Peri is recaptured and taken to the control centre.

The Chief Officer and Sil make their final move on the Governor in hopes that losing the next vote will finally kill him. The vote starts and the bombardment begins, but the guard Meldak has a change of heart and stops the device, saving the Governor and Peri. They all make their way back to the control centre as Sil reveals the invasion force he had dispatched hours earlier to take Varos by force. It is revealed that the invasion force has been called back, and a second Zeiton-7 deposit has been discovered, so his company has ordered him to obtain the Varosian ore at any price. The Doctor and Peri then bid the Governor farewell, taking some ore with them for the TARDIS. Soon after, the Governor issues a message to the citizens to abolish their government's injustice, torture, and executions.

Production notes
During the first recording of the noose execution scene, part of the set collapsed under the weight of the actors. Fortunately, this did not happen when Baker and Connery actually had their necks in the nooses (although, for both safety and the plot, the nooses were not actually tied up).

In his 1986 interview for Starburst, script editor Eric Saward said he thought this story was "poorly directed".

Cast notes
Jason Connery (Jondar) is the son of actor Sean Connery. Martin Jarvis features as the beleaguered Governor of Varos; he had previously appeared in the series in a story in each of the previous two decades: The Web Planet (1965) and Invasion of the Dinosaurs (1974). Subsequent to Vengeance On Varos, Jarvis as a different character reunited with Colin Baker in the Big Finish story Jubilee. After Jubilee, Jarvis appeared in the Torchwood BBC radio play The Devil and Miss Carew. Nabil Shaban, who plays Sil, returns in the next season's The Trial of a Time Lord. Stephen Yardley (Arak) previously played Sevrin in Genesis of the Daleks (1975). Owen Teale (Maldak) later appeared as Evan Sherman in the Torchwood episode "Countrycide" (2006) and also played Hayton in the audio play The Mind's Eye. Sheila Reid later played Clara Oswald's Gran in "The Time of the Doctor" (2013) and "Dark Water" (2014).

Broadcast and reception
Vengeance on Varos reflected the media's contemporary concern over video nasties and snuff movies and provoked considerable controversy for its violent content. The scenes featuring acid bath deaths, attempted hangings and genetic experiments on the female characters were widely criticised in the Radio Times letters page, and the programme Points of View. Unlike previous criticisms of the show's violence, this time complaints about Vengeance on Varos were raised by members of the general public and some of the show's fans, as well as traditional critics such as Mary Whitehouse.

Reviewing the story in About Time, Tat Wood described it as "like channel-zapping between a radical fringe theatre and children's television". He praised Martin's script and the story's production design, stating the story "gets more marks for effort than anything else this year". Wood also suggested that if someone wanted to understand what it was like to be living in Thatcher's Britain, they should watch Vengeance on Varos, then to "imagine a world where this could be followed by Jim'll Fix It". In Doctor Who: The Complete Guide, Mark Campbell awarded Vengeance on Varos six out of ten, describing it as "a brave idea, hindered by a plodding narrative and wooden performances". He also thought the "notorious acid bath scene" was "deeply problematic". Patrick Mulkern of Radio Times awarded it four stars out of five, describing Nabil Shaban's Sil as "one of the most effective new Doctor Who monsters in ages". He found that Jason Connery was "struggling through cumbersome dialogue" but felt there were "several weaker performances on display", though he praised Martin Jarvis as "graceful and suitably subdued". He was also critical of the acid bath scene, considering it "unfunny, unDoctorly and should have been changed at script stage". While describing Ron Jones as "not the greatest director", Mulkern believed it was "one of the more polished productions of his career".

In print
A novelisation of this serial, written by Philip Martin, was published by Target Books in January 1988. It was originally planned to be released 2 years earlier, but was pushed back after delays in the delivery of the manuscript by Philip Martin. However, it kept its original number of 106. In addition, although Target had launched a new cover design format for the books with the previous volume, Time and the Rani, reflecting the new series logo of the Sylvester McCoy era, Vengeance on Varos was published with the earlier book cover format using the neon-tube logo of the Baker-Davison era.

In 1997 the novel was also issued by BBC Audio as an audio book, read by Colin Baker.

Home media
Vengeance on Varos was released on VHS in the UK in 1993 as part of the Doctor Who 30th Anniversary celebrations. It was released on DVD in the UK on 15 October 2001. The DVD commentary is provided by actors Colin Baker (The Doctor), Nicola Bryant (Peri), and Nabil Shaban (Sil). This serial was also released as part of the Doctor Who DVD Files in issue 68 on 10 August 2011. A Special Edition DVD was released on 10 September 2012.

In 2013 it was released on DVD again as part of the "Doctor Who: The Doctors Revisited 5-8" box set, alongside Earthshock, Remembrance of the Daleks and the TV movie. Alongside a documentary on the Sixth Doctor, the disc features the serial put together as a single feature in widescreen format with an introduction from then current show runner Steven Moffat, as well as its original version.

It was released as part of the ‘Doctor Who The Collection: Season 22’ blu-ray box set on 20 June 2022. An extended cut of the story was included as an extra on the set featuring a total of over 15 minutes of extended and deleted footage reinserted - the runtime of this extended two-parter was approximately 115 minutes.

Tales of the TARDIS
A special edition of the episode aired on BBC iPlayer on 1 November 2023, in the spin-off Tales of the TARDIS.

title: Vengeance on Varos


text:
Zanzibar national football team

The Zanzibar national football team represents Zanzibar in international football and is controlled by the Zanzibar Football Federation.

History
Zanzibar is not a member of FIFA and is therefore not eligible to enter the World Cup. The island is part of the nation of Tanzania, which holds FIFA recognition at the international level. Prior to the union of Zanzibar and Tanganyika in 1964, Zanzibar was a fully independent member of the Confederation of African Football (CAF), but never qualified for the African Nations Cup.

Zanzibar was a provisional member of the N.F.-Board. The team placed second in the 2006 FIFI Wild Cup tournament, losing 4–1 on penalties to the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in the final. For that tournament, they were coached by the German comedian Oliver Pocher.

Their U-20 team also played in the 2006 ELF Cup, finishing fourth of eight, winning one game (1–0 against Kyrgyzstan's national football team) and drawing twice (against Gagauzia and Greenland) before losing 5–0 to Northern Cyprus in the semifinal. They regularly play in the CECAFA Cup, which includes national teams from Central and East Africa, and in 1995 they became champions, winning the final match 1–0 against the host nation, Uganda.

In March 2017, Zanzibar were admitted to CAF, becoming its 55th member, only for their membership to be rescinded four months later, with CAF president Ahmad Ahmad claiming the region should never have been admitted as it is not a sovereign nation.

Coaching history

 * 🇷🇴 Gheorghe Dungu (1972–1974)
 * 🇩🇪 Oliver Pocher (2005–2006)
 * 🇪🇬 Abdel-Fattah Abbas (2006–2008)
 * 🇸🇳 Souleymane Sané (2008–2011)
 * 🏴 Stewart Hall (2010)
 * 🇹🇿Hemed "Morocco" Suleiman (2017–2021)
 * Hababuu Ali Omar (2021–present)

Notable players

 * Ally Badru – played for El Qanah 🇪🇬 and Al Bashaer 🇴🇲

Records

 * Players in bold are still active with Zanzibar.

CECAFA Cup
Zanzibar competed in the Gossage Cup from 1949 to 1967, when the competition was renamed to the East and Central African Senior Challenge Cup:

Africa Cup of Nations
In March 2017, Zanzibar were admitted to the Confederation of African Football, becoming eligible for the Africa Cup of Nations. The invitation was rescinded in July when FIFA rules forbade two teams from one nation.

title: Zanzibar national football team


text:
Talk:Erraid

Untitled
The folling part doesn't seem to fit with the page for Robert Louis Stevenson ''The island was the birthplace of writer Robert Louis Stevenson. His father ran a granite quarry on the island, while Robert wrote part of his novel Kidnapped there.'' Anyone like to suggest which is true? --JBellis 17:31, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

R L Stevenson was born in Edinburgh. His father did work on the island while the nearby lighthouse was being built, and R L spent some summers there. He set a chapter in "Kidnapped" there, but I can find no indication that he actually wrote that chapter while staying on the island. Catriona M. 207.119.151.182 (talk) 20:16, 25 February 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Erraid


text:
L'Illusion Comique

L'Illusion comique is a comedic play written by Pierre Corneille in 1636. In its use of meta-theatricality (plays-within-the-play), it is far ahead of its time. It was first performed at the Hôtel de Bourgogne in 1636 and published in 1639.

Corneille wrote this piece at the age of 29 and had already written seven other plays. L'Illusion comique marks a turning point in his career. This piece can be regarded as the end of an apprenticeship during which the author demonstrates his literary prowess. In this work, Corneille makes use of all theatre genres: the first act is a prologue that is inspired by the pastoral style, and the next three acts are an imperfect comedy with the farcical character Matamore at the center. The fourth and fifth acts evolve into a tragicomedy with their episodes of rivalry, imprisonment, and even death. L'Illusion comique is therefore a summary of a theatrical universe, and it is in this play that Corneille shows his mastery of theatre as a whole.

Plot summary

 * Act I. The first act begins at the entrance to a grotto where Pridamant and Dorante are trying to discover the cause of the disappearance of Clindor, Pridamant's son. Dorante wants to introduce Pridamant to a magician who can help.  This magician, Alcandre, correctly determines the reasons why Pridamant has come to him and tells him that he can show him his son through a device.  Alcandre asks Dorante to leave.  After Dorante leaves, Alcandre tells Pridamant that his son is living the life of a picaro since his disappearance and that he is now in the service of a captain of soldiers in the region of Bordeaux.
 * Act II. At the beginning of Act II, Alcandre and Pridamant are looking at the magician's instrument and are able to see Clindor and his master Matamore. Clindor is listening to Matamore brag about his impossible feats while waiting for the arrival of Isabelle, who appears accompanied by her official servant. Clindor and Matamore hide themselves; and Adraste approaches Isabelle.  She rejects his advances but this does not keep him from asking her father for permission to marry her.  After his departure, Matamore and Clindor come out of hiding and Matamore leaves when a page arrives to tell him that he has pressing affairs elsewhere.  Alone with Clindor, Isabelle reaffirms her love for him.  She flees when Adraste returns.   Clindor also leaves, and Adraste begins to suspect that Clindor is his rival.  Isabelle's servant, Lyse, tells Adraste he should go and spy on the two of them.  Alone, Lyse reveals that she is in love with Clindor and hopes to get revenge on her mistress by sending Adraste. Alcandre tries to reassure Pridamant that all will be well for his son.
 * Act III. The third act begins with the reproaches of Isabelle's father, Géronte, who wants her to marry Adraste. Alone, Géronte decides to force her to do his will.  He then dismisses Matamore, who vows revenge. Lyse appears and Clindor tries to seduce her, pretending that he only loves Isabelle for her money.  He leaves, and Lyse hesitates before continuing with her plot against the lovers.  Matamore arrives on stage and hides himself when Isabelle and Clindor appear.  Clindor and Isabelle try to kiss, when Adraste arrives with Géronte and his valets.  Matamore flees, Clindor attacks Adraste, but Adraste strikes back.  The final image is of  Pridamant, who believes his son is dead.
 * Act IV. Act IV opens with Isabelle's tragic monologue. Adraste is dead, Clindor is hurt and also sentenced to death.  Isabelle vows that she will die.  She is rejoined by Lyse who makes fun of her and then reassures her: Isabelle and Clindor can flee that night with Lyse and the jailer, who is now Lyse's lover.  Isabelle goes to prepare her affairs, and Lyse admits that she didn't resent Clindor so much as to want his death.  Isabelle runs across Matamore who has been in hiding for several days. She and Lyse make fun of him and chase him off.  The jailer arrives to let them know that all is ready.  They liberate Clindor from prison.  Alcandre assures Pridamant that the foursome will find great fortune.
 * Act V. Alcandre asks Pridamant to stay near him, as the young heroes arrive, completely changed. Isabelle appears at night, dressed as a princess in a palace garden to tell Lyse that her husband has a lover's meeting with Princess Rosine.   Clindor arrives, and mistaking Rosine for Isabelle, declares his love for her.  Isabelle reproaches him for his infidelities and reminds him that she left everything in order to follow him.  Clindor reaffirms his love for her, but Isabelle threatens suicide.  Clindor renounces Rosine just as Rosine arrives.  Isabelle watches from the shadows as Clindor resists her advances.  Suddenly, Prince Florilame's men enter and kill both Rosine and Clindor.  Isabelle is taken to the prince, who is in love with her.   Pridamant is beside himself, when Alcandre begins laughing.  He reveals Clindor and the other characters alive and in the process of dividing money.  Clindor and his friends have become actors and what Pridamant observed was their performance of the final act of a tragedy.  The play ends with Alcandre's apology explaining the virtue of becoming an actor.

Characters

 * Alcandre, a magician.
 * Pridamant, father of Clindor.
 * Dorante, friend of Pridamant.
 * Matamore, a captain.
 * Clindor, son of Pridamant, lover of Isabelle.
 * Isabelle, lover of Clindor.
 * Adraste, in love with Isabelle.
 * Géronte, Isabelle's father.
 * Lise, Isabelle's servant, in love with Clindor.
 * Rosine, an English princess.
 * Florilame, the husband of Rosine.

Structure
L'Illusion comique plays with the idea of theatre within the theatre and has many layers of representation:
 * The first level is the entire play with its share of conflicts, complications, and dénouements.
 * The second level is the scene between Alcandre and Pridamant, who are actors and spectators at the same time
 * The third level is that of the young lovers, Clindor and Isabelle, and their adventures
 * The fourth level is that of the play that is performed by Clindor and Isabelle in the final act

"The theatre of the world"
The complex structure of the play, based on a mise en abyme and a play on appearances is designed to confuse the reader. The game of illusions is found in the Baroque idea that life is a theatre; and Corneille exploits this idea by mixing the real life of Clindor and the role that he plays. Disguise and changing identity are marks of the Baroque in this play. The grotto can also be interpreted as a metaphor for the theatre and its spectators.

Instability
The linearity of the story is broken several times, and numerous digressions interrupt actions that overlap and are often incomplete. The principal story is interlaced with many subplots. The inconsistency of the plot is reinforced by the amorous inconsistency of the characters. This instability is present again at the end when Pridamant and the reader cannot distinguish between reality and fiction.

Disregard of the three unities
Corneille seems to disregard the three unities of classical theatre:
 * the entanglement of the plots breaks the unity of action;
 * two years pass between the end of act IV and the beginning of act V, which breaks the unity of time ;
 * the unity of place is in question: the first act is in Alcandre's grotto in Touraine, the three middle acts are in Bordeaux, and the final act is in Paris

L'Illusion comique was written during a period of transition from the Baroque to the Classical, and it can be seen as both a homage to the Baroque theatre as well as a satire of the same.

Classicism
Although this piece is primarily Baroque, certain passages seem to follow the traditional lines of classical tragedy. In spite of the legerity of the plot concerning the lovers, the theme of death appears several times. Of course, there is the false death of Clindor which plunges the play into the atmosphere of tragedy; like Pridamant, the spectator is faced with emotions of terror and pity which are the two great theatrical sentiments according to Aristotle. However, the two passages that are the most classical in nature are the monologues of Isabelle (Act IV, scene 1) and of Clindor (Act IV, scene 7. Devastated by the judgment against her lover, Isabelle imagines her own death like the heroine of a tragedy. Moreover, she is not satisfied to follow Clindor in death; she also hopes to punish her father.  As for Clindor, he uses his memory of Isabelle in order to overcome his fear of death.  He exclaims: "I die glorious because I die for you!"  For a moment, he falls back into despair, but ultimately, love allows him to transcend his thoughts and fears of death.

The Commedia dell'arte
The Commedia dell'arte is the principal source for the new theatre of the 17th century by bringing together a popular technique with the aesthetic development of the Renaissance in Italy. The Commedia dell'arte concerns itself mostly with the verbal and physical dexterity of the actors and relies heavily on improvisation. The character of Matamore is directly borrowed from this tradition as well as the juxtaposition of characters from several social classes. Matamore can be compared to Sganarelle, the valet of Don Juan.

The pastoral tradition
Pastoral theatre takes place in an idealized setting according to the ancient model of Arcadia. The first act of L'Illusion comique borrows several elements from the pastoral, including the grotto and the magician.

The "Tragi-comedy"
A tragicomedy uses characters that are relatively close to everyday life who are confronted with situations where emotions get in the way of actions. The mixture of death (tragedy) and marriage (comedy) is one manifestation of this.

Adaptations
The play has enjoyed renewed popularity in recent years, since Tony Kushner adapted it as The Illusion.

The Comédie Française commissioned an adaptation in modern dress from the actor/director Mathieu Amalric and that film débuted on French television in 2010. Among other changes, Matamore has become the designer of a shooter video game, while the final act takes place in a night club.

Ranjit Bolt's translation was dramatized and broadcast on BBC Radio 3 on 25 September 2011 directed by Peter Kavanagh with original music composed and performed by Russell Taylor and Steve Cooke. The cast included: Richard Johnson as Alcandre, Michael Maloney as Clindor, John Sessions as Matamore, Hattie Morahan as Isabelle, Benjamin Whitrow as Géronte, Pip Torrens as Adraste, Rosie Fellner as Lyse, Paul Moriarty as Pridamant, Simon Bubb as Dorante and Victoria Inez-Hardy as Empress/Queen.

In 2012, a new adaptation of the play opened at Under St. Mark's in New York City. The production was adapted and directed by Kevin P. Joyce, and transposes the play from 17th century France to Turn-of-the-20th Century Louisiana, specifically the Atchafalaya Basin (Alcandre's lair), the Garden District (Isabelle's home) and a showboat (the Fifth Act). The role of Alcandre was rewritten for a woman and modeled after Marie Laveau. The production was directed by Mr. Joyce and featured Christopher Fayne as Pridamant, Rebeca Radozskowicz as Alcandre (understudied by Juanita Pearl Johnson), Matt Alford as Clindor, Alexandra Scardapane as Isabelle, Maisie Salinger as Lyse, Chris Lemieux as Matamore, Jesse Keitel as Adraste, Evan Pearson as Geronte, Andrew Meyer as Dorante/Jailer and Joshua Wise as the Page. It also featured music by PJ Rassmussen, designs by Justin West, Matsy Stintson, George Scholes Robson V, Vincent Coviello & Brian McManimon, as well as fight choreography by Brian Walters. The production received positive reviews from audiences but no reviews were publicly published due to the play's limited run.

The end credits of Illusion (2004 film) cite the play as its inspiration.

title: L'Illusion Comique


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