text:
Talk:Solitaire (cipher)

Untitled
I'd like to add a lot more to this page, including a Wikicode version, but I'm not sure about the copyright issues. There are several implementations available from Bruce's web page, and most of the are licensed using the GPL. I've also personally ported the C version to PHP and submitted it back to Bruce, but I never got a response back from him and it's never been added to that page.

Can I just go ahead and create the Wikicode and put it in the article?

--Jachim69 06:08, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Good work on starting this page, and please do add more, if you get the chance. I'm not a lawyer, but (as I understand it), as long as your Wikicode isn't a "derived work" of some GPL code, then it should be OK. I would think that if you understand how the algorithm works, and are simply describing it in pseudocode, there shouldn't be any problem. — Matt Crypto 00:08, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Bruce has sort-of lost interest in Solitaire because of the bias in the output. The best known hand cipher is currently RC4-52.
 * Also I personally can't see the point of Wikicode when Python is equally readable but has an interpreter, but it's up to you. — ciphergoth 08:17, 2005 Apr 18 (UTC)

What about discarding every second letter? This get rid of the "consecutive identical letters" bias. Of course it make the process twice slower, there may be better ways. Are there other bias ? - 12:10, August 21, 2005 140.77.13.62

 * I don't think this proposal would lead to a strong or efficient hand cipher. The lessons of Memo to the Amateur Cipher Designer apply to one applying "tweaks" to an existing cipher as much as to one designing a new cipher from scratch. — ciphergoth 15:16, August 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * Unless I'm misinterpreting the problem, discarding alternate letters would only halve the bias.

 * No, it would have a stronger effect than that, something more like the square but I don't have time to work it out just now — ciphergoth 06:20, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Regarding the reversibility problem, suppose one changed the first two steps to:

 * Move the A joker one card down. If the joker is the bottom card, move it to the top.
 * Move the B joker two cards down. If the joker is the bottom card, move it below the top card.  If the joker is the second card from the bottom, move it to the top.

 * That is, basically treat the deck as having an invisible "dummy" card between the top and bottom, much like a dummy node is used in a circular doubly-linked list to eliminate special cases. Wouldn't this make the operation fully reversible?  Or would it screw up the algorithm in other ways? — Xaonon (Talk) 03:50, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, apparently this was what Bruce meant to propose in the first place but he got it wrong. However, because of the bias he didn't pursue it; the bias is present in this modified version also. — ciphergoth 06:20, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

--bsjeep 09:50, Aug 17, 2006 (PST)
 * The 2 decks vs. 4 decks discussion in the main article is confusing, and after reading the detailed writeup on the Author's website, it appears that the example in the article is only using 1 deck. Can someone confirm and clarify the main article...

Solitaire seems closely related to RC4, in that there is a byte array being permuted and two pointers. I am unable to find a reference, though. John85 (talk) 01:18, 25 December 2011 (UTC)

Problems?
I've just cut the following from the intro section: Why? Well It's one blogger saying something about Solitaire. What exactly the importance of this is is not made clear, and it links to a primary source (WP:PSTS). Further, the intro should reflect and summarize the body - yet this doesn't appear there. Snori (talk) 23:50, 23 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Cryptanalysis by Paul Crowley in 1999 shows that the probability that two successive outputs from the cipher are the same, contrary to what one might expect based on intuition, is not 1 in 26, but closer to 1 in 22.5.

 * Sounds like the right decision to me. WP:BRD at work! --Guy Macon (talk) 23:54, 23 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Rethinking the above. See discussion below.

 * Good one, I'd never heard of that. Still, a little justifying note on my edit would have helped :-) Snori (talk) 09:15, 24 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Hi, Paul Crowley here. For some reason the acknowledgement of my work has disappeared from the Solitaire page, but it was there in 2001.
 * I probably shouldn't, but I wanted to respond a little to "one blogger". It's probably worth pointing out that I have a few peer reviewed papers:
 * Mercy (cipher) - published FSE 2000, now broken
 * attack on LEVIATHAN (cipher) (with Stefan Lucks)
 * attack on reduced-round Salsa20 winning djb's $1000 prize
 * attack on Py (cipher)

 * I now lead storage encryption for Android; I helped bring in file based encryption and the Pixel 2 security module. Thanks! ciphergoth (talk) 20:34, 17 July 2018 (UTC)

 * Probably also worth noting that mine is not the only relevant security analysis; Schneier lists two others here. ciphergoth (talk) 20:45, 17 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Pinging I'd say that if the creator of the algorithm acknowledges the weakness, it's worth mentioning, whether it's published in a peer-reviewed journal or a YouTube comment. Your thoughts? Suffusion of Yellow (talk) 21:36, 17 July 2018 (UTC)
 * ...Maybe not Youtube comments. See Video links.

 * Despite my initial 2012 response above, looking at the ref more closely, in my opinion the archived counterpane.com source appears to meet our criteria for being a reliable source, and I believe that it should be included. Please discuss.

 * Re: the comment by Ciphergoth above, is there any evidence that the writer is Paul Crowley? As an example, when I established that Guy Macon is my legal name, I posted a note on guymacon.com to prove that I am the same Guy Macon who owns that web page. --Guy Macon (talk) 22:40, 17 July 2018 (UTC)
 * FWIW, has made over 4000 edits and has been claiming to be Paul Crowley since at least 2006 and the real Paul hasn't shown up to say "Hey! Stop it already!" yet. Seems like a very strange ruse to maintain for 12 years, undetected. I'm willing to AGF. Suffusion of Yellow (talk) 23:33, 17 July 2018 (UTC)
 * What's an easy way for me to add evidence here? My home page links to my Twitter, so if I verify this Wikipedia account on my Twitter account, might that suffice? Thanks! ciphergoth (talk) 23:40, 17 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Done (tweeted a random account so as not to bother those who follow me) ciphergoth (talk) 23:56, 17 July 2018 (UTC)
 * It's good enough for me, but as I said I was already convinced. You probably should link that from your userpage in case in comes up again. If anyone else has a problem, there is some fancy way to "officially" verify your identity to WP:OTRS but I'm not sure exactly how it works. Suffusion of Yellow (talk) 00:24, 18 July 2018 (UTC)
 * No further evidence is needed. I just looked at the tweet and havce personally verified that the person who is Paul Crowley on twitter is the person who is Ciphergoth on Wikipedia. Link to this comment if anyone ever question this. (Twitter may go away some day but my Wikipedia edit history is on many hundreds of computers in many countries and cannot be modified. --Guy Macon (talk) 03:03, 18 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Link is at [ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ASolitaire_%28cipher%29&type=revision&diff=850809089&oldid=850791279 ].

title: Talk:Solitaire (cipher)


text:
Jean Mairet

Jean (de) Mairet (10 May 1604 – 31 January 1686) was a classical french dramatist who wrote both tragedies and comedies.

Life
He was born at Besançon, and went to Paris to study at the Collège des Grassins about 1625. In that year he produced his first piece Chryséide et Arimand. In 1634 he produced his masterpiece, Sophonisbe, which marks, in its observance of the rules, the first to be staged of the classical French tragedies. He also introduced to French drama the three classical unities of time, action and place, after a misreading of Aristotle's Poetics.

Mairet was one of the bitterest assailants of Corneille in the controversy over the violation of the classical unities in Corneille's play Le Cid. He produced several pamphlets against Corneille, who responded more than once, most famously with his Advertissement au Besançonnois Mairet (1637). The personal intervention of Cardinal Richelieu was eventually required to calm the furore in the theatres. It was perhaps his jealousy of the successful Corneille, together with the deaths of his aristocratic patrons, first the duc de Montmorency (1632) and then François de Faudoas, comte de Belin, that made Mairet give up writing for the stage.

He was appointed in 1648 official representative of his home country, the county of Burgundy, which allowed him to stay in Paris, but in 1653 he was banished by Cardinal Mazarin. He was subsequently allowed to return, but in 1668 he retired to Besançon, and subsequently rarely left.

Other plays

 * La Sylvie, a pastoral tragi-comedy (1626)
 * La Silvanire, ou la Morte-vive, with an elaborate preface on the observance of the unities (1631)
 * Les Galanteries du duc d'Ossonne, comedy (1632)
 * La Virginie, tragi-comedy (1633)
 * Le Marc-Antoine, ou la Cléopâtre, tragedy (1635)
 * L'illustre corsaire, tragi-comedy (1636)
 * Le Grand et dernier Solyman, tragedy (1637)
 * L’Illustre corsaire, tragi-comedy (1640)
 * Le Roland furieux, tragi-comedy (1641)
 * L’Athénaïs, tragi-comedy (1642)
 * La Sidonie, tragi-comedy (1643)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jean Mairet


text:
Talk:Nancy Ward

Beloved woman
She is the last woman to receive the title of Beloved Woman until the late 20th century Who since then? Possibly Wilma Mankiller? -Corvus cornix
 * Maggie Wachacha, Eastern Band Cherokee. -Uyvsdi (talk) 23:33, 22 January 2010 (UTC)Uyvsdi

Neat stuff
Someone has fleshed out this entry since I last looked at it, and added some great detail. Please use in-line sources and footnote these great contributions. This article has some real potential now. Regards, MarmadukePercy (talk) 12:24, 11 February 2009 (UTC).

I added the information from the Moravian Journals that her Cherokee name was "Chiconehla". I don't know how to set up the reference notes using the Wikipedia format. (Occonpstota) (207.245.188.95 (talk) 13:12, 7 July 2009 (UTC)).

Not colonial
Colonial implies at some level being under the power of a foriegn authorit. Nanvcy Ward never recognied auhority beyond the Cherokees. He should not be classed as colonial. Her father may have been of European descent (although this is disputed) and her husband may have been European, but this no more made her European than any other out marriage. She lived in Cherokee land, in a place under Cherokee government. She was not within the direct area of British control.John Pack Lambert (talk) 23:08, 17 November 2012 (UTC)

 * This is one of a number of discussions (started by John Pack Lambert) that are forked from Categories for discussion/Log/2012 November 16. Rather than conduct discussions of this topic in a dozen different places, let's have just one discussion. Please continue the discussion at the WP:CFD page. --Orlady (talk) 06:07, 18 November 2012 (UTC)

Kingfisher in Cherokee is not Tsu-la that is the word for Red Fox. The word for Kingfisher in Cherokee is Chv-tlo. Dhanren7 (talk) 07:20, 21 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nancy Ward


text:
Norbert Blüm

Norbert Blüm (21 July 1935 – 23 April 2020) was a German politician who served as a federal legislator from North Rhine-Westphalia, chairman of the CDU North Rhine-Westphalia (1987–1999), and Minister of Labour and Social Affairs.

Blüm was the only cabinet member who served in his function for all sixteen years of Helmut Kohl's time as Chancellor of Germany. He served as a member of the Bundestag from 1972 to 1981 and again from 1983 to 2002. Blüm was part of the left wing of the conservative Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

Early life and education
Born in Rüsselsheim am Main, Blüm attended the Volksschule. In 1950, aged 15, Blüm joined the CDU. This year he also joined the IG Metall. That's why he often was nicknamed Herz-Jesu-Marxist. He trained and worked locally as a toolmaker for Opel from 1949 to 1957. He was engaged in the factory as a youth representative. During this time, he was a founding member of the local Boy Scouts affiliation, the Deutsche Pfadfinderschaft Sankt Georg. In 1961 he passed his Abitur at an Abendgymnasium in Mainz, thereby obtaining the university entrance qualification.

He studied German language and literature, history, philosophy and theology at the University of Bonn and University of Cologne until 1967. One of his teachers was Joseph Ratzinger. In 1967, he received his doctorate of philosophy (PhD) in Bonn with the dissertation ''Willenslehre und Soziallehre bei Ferdinand Tönnies. Ein Beitrag zum Verständnis von "Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft"''.

Career in national politics
Blüm was a member of the Bundestag for the CDU from 1972 to 1981 and again from 1983 to 2002.

From 1977 to 1987 Blüm was chairman of the Christian Democratic Employees' Association. He was a member of the CDU federal executive committee from 1969 to 2000. He was vice chairman of the federal CDU from 1981 to 1990 and again from 1992 to 2000.

Career in state politics
From 1981 to 1982 Blüm served as Senator of Berlin.

Minister for Labour and Social Affairs, 1982–1998
Blüm was Federal Minister for Labour and Social Affairs from 1982 to 1998. As minister, he was responsible for reforms and changes in the pension system. His greatest political success was the introduction of long-term care insurance (Pflegeversicherung) in 1995, after those reform plans were hotly and controversially debated in the Bundestag.

Blüm served as chairman of the CDU of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia from 1987 to 1999.

Political positions
Blüm adhered to Christian values and belonged to the left wing of the generally centre-right CDU. Blüm was strongly influenced by the Jesuit social philosopher Oswald von Nell-Breuning, one of the founders of the modern Catholic social teaching who lectured in Frankfurt. Nell-Breuning taught Blüm about the main three pillars "subsidiarity", "solidarity" and "charity".

During his time in office, Blüm held out and pushed back against demands by fellow CDU politicians to raise the federal retirement age from 65 to 70.

A popular quotation attributed to him is "Die Rente ist sicher" (loosely translated as: "Pensions are safe"), based on the governmental slogan he wielded in 1986: "Eins ist sicher: Die Rente" ("One thing is safe: pensions"). This quotation quickly gained notoriety in Germany and became a popular target for comedy, as well as a cynical reference that would be used by his opponents and critics for years to come.

The politician was a fervent supporter of human rights. On a trip to Chile in 1987, he accused former dictator Augusto Pinochet of torture.

Blüm once said that "politics is a struggle". "Whoever is in search of harmony must look for another profession. (...) But if you want to change something, you cannot please everybody." Core issues of his politics were social justice and the fight against unemployment. For Blüm, "the little people" were important, which is why he tried to prevent a division of society into rich and poor with his politics. He saw social peace threatened by the Agenda 2010 that was later passed by the German government.

Blüm was an outspoken critic of Scientology. As a consequence, he was targeted by Scientology advocates, who would claim that the organization was a victim of religious discrimination in Germany.

Despite his good relationship with Helmut Kohl, Blüm criticized his handling of the CDU donations scandal.

After his departure from the Bundestag in 2002, he continued to comment on political issues publicly. Because of his criticism of Israel in the Middle East conflict, he was sometimes accused of antisemitism, which he rejected.

In 2016, he criticised the CDU's refugee policy because of the cold-hearted discussion about refugees. During the refugee crisis, the former minister visited the Greek refugee camp Idomeni in 2016 and heavily criticized the EU's treatment of refugees ("This kind of brutality is unworthy of European culture"). Out of solidarity he slept one night in the refugee camp.

In 2016 he opposed an unconditional basic income, on which Switzerland held a referendum at this time. It would be "unfair" and an "attempted escape from welfare state responsibility".

Personal life
Blüm married Marita Blüm (née Binger) in 1964. The couple had three children, a son and two daughters. Blüm was a practising Roman Catholic.

After blood poisoning in 2019, Blüm became paralysed in his arms and legs. He commented in a guest article for the German weekly Die Zeit in March 2020 about his new life in a wheelchair due to his paralysis, in which he compared his position to that of a puppet whose strings were pulled so that its parts dangled incoherently in the air: "Like a thief in the night, disaster broke into my life in the form of insidious blood poisoning".

Blüm died in Bonn on 23 April 2020.

Other activities

 * Member of the Advisory Board of the Hans Böckler Prize of the City of Cologne
 * Green Helmets, Member of the Board of Trustees
 * Bonn Minster, Member of the Board of Trustees
 * St. Maria zur Wiese, Member of the Board of Trustees
 * IG Metall, Member (since 1949)

Awards

 * 2000: Münchhausen Prize
 * 2001: Leipzig Human Rights Award
 * 2005: Leopold Kunschak Prize

title: Norbert Blüm


text:
Talk:Joseph-Goderic Blanchet

NAME?
I think the article has the wrong name, see:

 * Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

Note there is no accent in the variant spelling as Goderic. DoCB is very careful about this things. Fawcett5 06:11, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * And, unfortunately, the Parliament of Canada site is not careful at all and often spells the same person's name several different ways. --Big_Iron 12:08, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Joseph-Goderic Blanchet


text:
Cryptobiosis

Cryptobiosis or anabiosis is a metabolic state in extremophilic organisms in response to adverse environmental conditions such as desiccation, freezing, and oxygen deficiency. In the cryptobiotic state, all measurable metabolic processes stop, preventing reproduction, development, and repair. When environmental conditions return to being hospitable, the organism will return to its metabolic state of life as it was prior to cryptobiosis.

Anhydrobiosis
Anhydrobiosis is the most studied form of cryptobiosis and occurs in situations of extreme desiccation. The term anhydrobiosis derives from the Greek for "life without water" and is most commonly used for the desiccation tolerance observed in certain invertebrate animals such as bdelloid rotifers, tardigrades, brine shrimp, nematodes, and at least one insect, a species of chironomid (Polypedilum vanderplanki). However, other life forms exhibit desiccation tolerance. These include the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum, the majority of plant seeds, and many microorganisms such as bakers' yeast. Studies have shown that some anhydrobiotic organisms can survive for decades, even centuries, in the dry state.

Invertebrates undergoing anhydrobiosis often contract into a smaller shape and some proceed to form a sugar called trehalose. Desiccation tolerance in plants is associated with the production of another sugar, sucrose. These sugars are thought to protect the organism from desiccation damage. In some creatures, such as bdelloid rotifers, no trehalose has been found, which has led scientists to propose other mechanisms of anhydrobiosis, possibly involving intrinsically disordered proteins.

In 2011, Caenorhabditis elegans, a nematode that is also one of the best-studied model organisms, was shown to undergo anhydrobiosis in the dauer larva stage. Further research taking advantage of genetic and biochemical tools available for this organism revealed that in addition to trehalose biosynthesis, a set of other functional pathways is involved in anhydrobiosis at the molecular level. These are mainly defense mechanisms against reactive oxygen species and xenobiotics, expression of heat shock proteins and intrinsically disordered proteins as well as biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyamines. Some of them are conserved among anhydrobiotic plants and animals, suggesting that anhydrobiotic ability may depend on a set of common mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms in detail might enable modification of non-anhydrobiotic cells, tissues, organs or even organisms so that they can be preserved in a dried state of suspended animation over long time periods.

As of 2004, such an application of anhydrobiosis is being applied to vaccines. In vaccines, the process can produce a dry vaccine that reactivates once it is injected into the body. In theory, dry-vaccine technology could be used on any vaccine, including live vaccines such as the one for measles. It could also potentially be adapted to allow a vaccine's slow release, eliminating the need for boosters. This proposes to eliminate the need for refrigerating vaccines, thus making dry vaccines more widely available throughout the developing world where refrigeration, electricity, and proper storage are less accessible.

Based on similar principles, lyopreservation has been developed as a technique for preservation of biological samples at ambient temperatures. Lyopreservation is a biomimetic strategy based on anhydrobiosis to preserve cells at ambient temperatures. It has been explored as an alternative technique for cryopreservation. The technique has the advantages of being able to preserve biological samples at ambient temperatures, without the need for refrigeration or use of cryogenic temperatures.

Anoxybiosis
In situations lacking oxygen (a.k.a., anoxia), many cryptobionts (such as M. tardigradum) take in water and become turgid and immobile, but can survive for prolonged periods of time. Some ectothermic vertebrates and some invertebrates, such as brine shrimps, copepods, nematodes, and sponge gemmules, are capable of surviving in a seemingly inactive state during anoxic conditions for months to decades.

Studies of the metabolic activity of these idling organisms during anoxia have been mostly inconclusive. This is because it is difficult to measure very small degrees of metabolic activity reliably enough to prove a cryptobiotic state rather than ordinary metabolic rate depression (MRD). Many experts are skeptical of the biological feasibility of anoxybiosis, as the organism is managing to prevent damage to its cellular structures from the environmental negative free energy, despite being both surrounded by plenty of water and thermal energy and without using any free energy of its own. However, there is evidence that the stress-induced protein p26 may act as a protein chaperone that requires no energy in cystic Artemia franciscana (sea monkey) embryos, and most likely an extremely specialized and slow guanine polynucleotide pathway continues to provide metabolic free energy to the A. franciscana embryos during anoxic conditions. It seems that A. franciscana approaches but does not reach true anoxybiosis.

Chemobiosis
Chemobiosis is the cryptobiotic response to high levels of environmental toxins. It has been observed in tardigrades.

Cryobiosis
Cryobiosis is a form of cryptobiosis that takes place in reaction to decreased temperature. Cryobiosis begins when the water surrounding the organism's cells has been frozen. Stopping molecule mobility allows the organism to endure the freezing temperatures until more hospitable conditions return. Organisms capable of enduring these conditions typically feature molecules that facilitate freezing of water in preferential locations while also prohibiting the growth of large ice crystals that could otherwise damage cells. One such organism is the lobster.

Osmobiosis
Osmobiosis is the least studied of all types of cryptobiosis. Osmobiosis occurs in response to increased solute concentration in the solution the organism lives in. Little is known for certain, other than that osmobiosis appears to involve a cessation of metabolism.

Examples
The brine shrimp Artemia salina, which can be found in the Makgadikgadi Pans in Botswana, survives over the dry season when the water of the pans evaporates, leaving a virtually desiccated lake bed.

The tardigrade, or water bear, can undergo all five types of cryptobiosis. While in a cryptobiotic state, its metabolism reduces to less than 0.01% of what is normal, and its water content can drop to 1% of normal. It can withstand extreme temperature, radiation, and pressure while in a cryptobiotic state.

Some nematodes and rotifers can also undergo cryptobiosis.

title: Cryptobiosis


text: User talk:64.146.238.59

title: User talk:64.146.238.59


text:
User talk:Chong Kaixiang

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Hyacinth 06:16, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:Chong Kaixiang


text:
Bug spray

Bug spray may refer to:

 * Insect repellent
 * Insecticides or other pesticides that kill "bugs" or arthropods.
 * It can also mean some kind of fumigant

title: Bug spray


text:
Restriction digest

A restriction digest is a procedure used in molecular biology to prepare DNA for analysis or other processing. It is sometimes termed DNA fragmentation, though this term is used for other procedures as well. In a restriction digest, DNA molecules are cleaved at specific restriction sites of 4-12 nucleotides in length by use of restriction enzymes which recognize these sequences.

The resulting digested DNA is very often selectively amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), making it more suitable for analytical techniques such as agarose gel electrophoresis, and chromatography. It is used in genetic fingerprinting, plasmid subcloning, and RFLP analysis.

Restriction site
A given restriction enzyme cuts DNA segments within a specific nucleotide sequence, at what is called a restriction site. These recognition sequences are typically four, six, eight, ten, or twelve nucleotides long and generally palindromic (i.e. the same nucleotide sequence in the 5' – 3' direction). Because there are only so many ways to arrange the four nucleotides that compose DNA (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine) into a four- to twelve-nucleotide sequence, recognition sequences tend to occur by chance in any long sequence. Restriction enzymes specific to hundreds of distinct sequences have been identified and synthesized for sale to laboratories, and as a result, several potential "restriction sites" appear in almost any gene or locus of interest on any chromosome. Furthermore, almost all artificial plasmids include a (often entirely synthetic) polylinker (also called "multiple cloning site") that contains dozens of restriction enzyme recognition sequences within a very short segment of DNA. This allows the insertion of almost any specific fragment of DNA into plasmid vectors, which can be efficiently "cloned" by insertion into replicating bacterial cells.

After restriction digest, DNA can then be analysed using agarose gel electrophoresis. In gel electrophoresis, a sample of DNA is first "loaded" onto a slab of agarose gel (literally pipetted into small wells at one end of the slab). The gel is then subjected to an electric field, which draws the negatively charged DNA across it. The molecules travel at different rates (and therefore end up at different distances) depending on their net charge (more highly charged particles travel further), and size (smaller particles travel further). Since none of the four nucleotide bases carry any charge, net charge becomes insignificant and size is the main factor affecting rate of diffusion through the gel. Net charge in DNA is produced by the sugar-phosphate backbone. This is in contrast to proteins, in which there is no "backbone", and net charge is generated by different combinations and numbers of charged amino acids.

Possible uses
Restriction digest is most commonly used as part of the process of the molecular cloning of DNA fragment into a vector (such as a cloning vector or an expression vector). The vector typically contains a multiple cloning site where many restriction site may be found, and a foreign piece of DNA may be inserted into the vector by first cutting the restriction sites in the vector as well the DNA fragment, followed by ligation of the DNA fragment into the vector.

Restriction digests are also necessary for performing any of the following analytical techniques:
 * RFLP – Restriction fragment length polymorphism
 * AFLP – Amplified fragment length polymorphism
 * STRP – Short tandem repeat polymorphism

Various restriction enzymes
There are numerous types of restriction enzymes, each of which will cut DNA differently. Most commonly used restriction enzymes are Type II restriction endonuclease (See article on Restriction enzymes for examples). There are some that cut a three base pair sequence while others can cut four, six, and even eight. Each enzyme has distinct properties that determine how efficiently it can cut and under what conditions. Most manufacturers that produce such enzymes will often provide a specific buffer solution that contains the unique mix of cations and other components that aid the enzyme in cutting as efficiently as possible. Different restriction enzymes may also have different optimal temperatures under which they function.

Note that for efficient digest of DNA, the restriction site should not be located at the very end of a DNA fragment. The restriction enzymes may require a minimum number of base pairs between the restriction site and the end of the DNA for the enzyme to work efficiently. This number may vary between enzymes, but for most commonly used restriction enzymes around 6–10 base pair is sufficient.

title: Restriction digest


text:
Talk:Gulf of Naples

[Untitled]
I removed the sentence "The towns of Sorrento, Positano and the Amalfi Coast line the Italian shore of the gulf." Positano and Amalfi Coast are on the Southern side of the Sorrentine Peninsula and therefore are not on the shores of the Gulf of Naples. Furthermore, I'm not sure what is meant by "Italian shore". I retained the link to the town of Sorrento. --Chino 06:18, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

photos
if anyone has photos of this bay, please add them, as it a beautiful bay and a photo is desperatly needed for this article

corrections
This Gulf has nothing to do with the Black Sea, changed it to read "opens in the west to the Tyrrhenian Sea".

Also, Mount Everest is nowhere near Italy, removed any reference to that.

Lastly, removed "the Peninsula separates it from the Palatine Hill," which is incorrect. Palatine Hill is in Roma, too far north to be associated with the Gulf of Naples. -- Windsor, 20070407:1700 UTC

I can't seem to find any other stories about these lost torpedoes other than the short article in the Independant. I think this should be removed.

84.83.237.103 (talk) 16:44, 29 April 2012 (UTC)

lost torpedoes in bay of naples
I can't seem to find any other stories about these lost torpedoes other than the short article in the Independant. I think this should be removed.

84.83.237.103 (talk) 16:46, 29 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Scaramella cites the IAEA report which mentions that an unconfirmed submarine accident may have happened in the Gulf of Naples. The idea that it was nuclear torpedos, and the amount of them are details he added himself. I will remove the section entirely since it simply seems to be a rumour, and this comment is sufficient for future reassessment. Link to cited article for future reference. JSory (talk) 22:52, 27 April 2023 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Gulf of Naples. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110713024833/http://www.incampania.com/en/assets/allegati/Gulf%20of%20Naples%20Islands.pdf to http://www.incampania.com/en/assets/allegati/Gulf%20of%20Naples%20Islands.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 06:35, 1 December 2017 (UTC)

Gulf -> Bay of Naples?
I know that the Italian is Golfo di Napoli, but the name is usually rendered in English as "Bay of Naples". The English language sources of the page (the Independent article, and the Olympics venues list) both use "Bay". A Google search for "Gulf of Naples" returns 17m matches; searching for "Bay of Naples" gives 73m matches. Scarabocchio (talk) 18:56, 21 February 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gulf of Naples


text:
Ramon Franco

Ramon Franco may refer to:

 * Ramón Franco (actor) (born 1968), actor known for his portrayal of Alberto Ruiz in the TV series Tour of Duty
 * Ramón Franco (1896–1938), Spanish pioneer of aviation

title: Ramon Franco


text:
230th Infantry (Coastal Defense) Division

The 230th Infantry (Coastal Defense) Division (230. Infanterie-Division or 230. Küste-Abwehr-Infanterie-Division) was created in April 1942 for the defense of Alta in the Norwegian Finnmark.

The division was a non-standard organization, consisting mostly of a collection of fortress infantry battalions.

Organization
Structure of the division:

 * Headquarters at Northern Norway
 * 349th Grenadier Regiment
 * 859th Fortress Grenadier Regiment
 * 930th Artillery Battalion
 * 930th Tank Destroyer Company
 * 930th Engineer Company (Later Battalion)
 * 930th Signal Company
 * 930th Divisional Supply Group

Commanders

 * Generalmajor Otto Schonheer
 * Generalmajor Konrad Menkel
 * Generalleutnant Albrecht Baier
 * Generalmajor Benhard Pampel


text:
Five-a-side football

Five-a-side football is a version of minifootball, in which each team fields five players (four outfield players and a goalkeeper). Other differences from association football include a smaller pitch, smaller goals, and a reduced game duration. Matches are played indoors, or outdoors on artificial grass pitches that may be enclosed within a barrier or "cage" to prevent the ball from leaving the playing area and keep the game constantly flowing.

Five-a-side football is an informal, small-sided game with flexible rules, often determined before play begins. The penalty area is semi-circular and only the goalkeeper can touch the ball within it. There are no offside rules, headers are allowed, and yellow and red cards work similarly to traditional 11-a-side football. Players must wear shin guards and are prohibited from wearing metal studded boots.

Variations of five-a-side football include futsal, indoor soccer, jorkyball, beach soccer, six-a-side football, and seven-a-side football, each with their own unique rules and pitch dimensions. SUB football is a seven-a-side variation mainly played in Australia and New Zealand. There is also blind football, played by athletes with visual impairments.

Five-a-side football is quite popular among youth organizations in the US, and some teams have secured sponsorship deals worth thousands of pounds. Governing bodies like the World Minifootball Federation, International Socca Federation, and JFA7 promote small-sided football competitions and unite national associations.

Rules
The penalty area is significantly different from football: it is semi-circular in shape, only the goalkeeper is allowed to touch the ball within it, and they may or may not be allowed out. Goalkeepers are only allowed to give the ball out to another player through hands. The goalkeeper may only kick the ball to effect a save. There are no offside rules. Headers are allowed. There is no protocol of deliberate handball versus accidental handball – the referee needs to make a decision based on the distance from where the ball was hit. Yellow cards may result in the offending player being sent to the "sin bin" for a predetermined length of time. Red cards work in the same way as the 11-a-side game, the offending player being dismissed from the match. Charging/sliding tackles are awarded a yellow card.

Additionally, metal studded boots cannot be worn, as this would damage the playing surface. Players are also required to wear shin guards, but enforcement of this is usually at the discretion of the referee.

Five-a-side is commonly played informally, and the rules are therefore flexible and are sometimes decided immediately before play begins; this is in contrast to futsal, for which official laws are published by FIFA.

The English FA have drawn up a full list of laws for the small-sided game which expands upon the rules outlined above and includes minimum/maximum pitch dimensions as well as technicalities on free-kicks and other parts of the game.

Futsal
Futsal is a version of indoor five-a-side football developed by the Asociación Mundial de Fútbol de Salón (AMF / English: World Futsal Association). It currently has two governing bodies: the AMF and the association football international body; the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA).

Indoor soccer
Indoor soccer is an indoor variant played primarily in North America, typically with six-a-side teams on an ice hockey-sized pitch.

Jorkyball
Jorkyball is a 2vs2 format of football played in a plexiglass cage of 10m x 5m. The players can use the walls to pass and to score. The governing body is the Jorkyball International Federation.

Beach soccer
Beach soccer is a variation on five-a-side football in that it is played on a sandy surface. Rules do not greatly differ from those found in regular five-a-side football.

OmegaBall
A variation with three five-a-side teams playing simultaneously on a circular pitch 60 yd in diameter. A team scores a point by advancing the ball through either of their opponents' goals.The game was invented in, and is seen primarily in, the United States.

Six-a-side football
A variation with increased pitch size and number of players on a team. In this variation there are five outfield players and one goalkeeper on the pitch for each team at any time. Other rules do not differ from those found in five-a-side football.

Seven-a-side football
This is another variation with increased pitch and team size; in this case with six outfield players and a goalkeeper on each side. The rules differ from those from five-a-side.

SUB football is a variation of seven-a-side football primarily played in Australia and New Zealand. The rules have been modified slightly to encourage new players to the game, with strict enforcement of non-contact and two ways to score points: by scoring a goal in the same manner as the other formats, or by scoring a board that is on either side of the goal. The boards are usually 2.5m long and one third of the height of the goal. A goal is 3 points and a board is 1 point. When the ball goes out of play, it may be kicked or thrown in. This applies to the sideline and corners.

Different organisations
There are many operators of five-a-side football in Europe (Powerleague, Goals Soccer Center, UrbanSoccer), and most of all in the UK.

World Minifootball Federation (WMF) unites 71 national associations, grouped into federations by continent. European Minifootball Federation consists of 32 member associations. EMF organizes EMF miniEURO and EMF Champions League competitions.

International Socca Federation (ISF) is a six-a-side football organization, running yearly Socca World Cup events since 2018. 44 national teams participated in the 2023 Socca World Cup.

The F5WC is the world's largest amateur five-a-side football tournament in the world with over 48 participating nations.

IFA7 is the international association that promotes seven-a-side football. IFA7 held the first known Seven-a-side Football World Cup in 2017 in Guatemala, with Russia winning the title.

Small-side football facilities are increasingly popular as a way for clubs to generate revenue through rentals, birthday parties and corporate events and to allow early scouting of young players.

Youth organisations
The popularity of five-a-side youth football has grown tremendously within the US. Many organisations have chosen this format and modified it slightly to promote an environment where children can excel early in youth sports. The American Youth Soccer Organization and the United States Youth Soccer Association are among the largest organisations bringing this format to the regional US-based youth soccer arena.

Sponsorships
In recent years a few five-a-side teams have found themselves sponsorship deals with thousand-pound contracts. Sponsors feel with the vast numbers of participation in five-a-side football rising in the UK that it is a good place to advertise and tend to sponsor competition winners or league winners at local facilities so that they know that their deals are with the best five-a-side teams around the area.

title: Five-a-side football


text:
Talk:Hideki Matsui

pronunciation
I don't know how to properly type out the pronunciation of his family name. Syllabically, it's ma-tsu-i, not mat-soo-i. I know that's how the American sportcasters pronounce it, but they are wrong. --Feitclub 06:32, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)

 * You must not be from New York. Michael Kay always pronounces it correctly.
 * Ncsaint 05:17, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

How about "mah-TSEW-ē". Ken6en 04:47, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

There's a lot of data on the data chart that will go out of date every year. Maybe it would be better to use absolute dates instead, e.g. birthday instead of age. Ken6en 04:47, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

birth place
Hideki Matsui was born in Komatsu. I've been to the museum. (anonymous)

 * Kind of splitting hairs at this point, but according to the museum website (which is located in Nomi) he was born in Neagari, which merged with neighboring towns to become Nomi. His birthplace is variously listed as Komatsu (the neighboring larger town), Kanazawa (the nearest big city), and Ishikawa (the prefecture).  I don't know exactly which hospital he was born at, but he birthplace is usually listed as Neagari, where his parents lived at and still remain.  When you pass Neagari by train there's a huge billboard that says "birthplace of Hideki Matsui"  Japanese Wikipedia lists his hometown as Neagari too.  Anyone begging to differ will surely suffer the wrath of Neagarians...they are REALLY proud of him (it's a small town). Ken6en 06:10, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

intentinal walk
Intentional walk itself was not uncommon in then Japan.--Extrahitz 09:20, 10 December 2005 (UTC)

Relavance?
I deleted this paragraph because I failed to find relevance to this article:

"Some years ago, Matsui was quoted by a Japanese newspaper, "I do not like women who smoke." It is generally believed that he was referring to actress Takako Matsu, who although not known as such is a heavy smoker."

If the world would like to remember Matsui for this quote above all other things he has said, someone in the future can restore it to the article. - User:Abisai

Time Asia
Time Asia is a well respected magazine and is held to the same standards as Time in the U.S. Look at an archive of their magazines here:

http://www.time.com/time/asia/archive/

You will find that these issues look very much Time and share no resemblance to tabloids. If you believe that Time Asia is a tabloid, how about posting some links, references, or other evidence of this please. Furthermore, Robert Whiting who reports on Matsui's adult video collection is a well-respected author and journalist. Whiting has published in the New York Time, Sports Illustrated, The Smithsonian, Time, and US News and World Report, and has written several successful books on contemporary Japanese culture. He is not at all a "gossip columnist" by any means, and you can see his Wiki page here:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whiting

I also find it funny how Robert Whiting is referenced in references 1 - 5 and no one complains that these are "bad references" that are untrustworthy and removes the phrases that use them as references. So Robert Whiting can be trusted to report on Matsui in any way, shape, or form, except when it comes to his porn collection? He's a "tabloid gossip reporter" when it comes to reporting on Matsui's porn collection, but he's trustworthy when it comes to everything else? Please!

In short, whoever wrote the comments in the below paragraph is outright lying and has no references to support his or her position. It is a well known and accepted fact that Matsui does have a large porn collection, and if you're a moderator that has some personal "agenda" to censor this fact, you're probably breaking some terms of Wiki usage.

--TheTruth -- From time to time someone adds a link or mentions an article from Time.com Asia edition in which Robert Whiting describes Matsui as a fan of "porno" movies. This article should not be taken seriously. Although Time is famous and respected in the US, it is not famous in Japan. If you check out Whiting, you'll find that he's basically a tabloid newspaper-type sensationalistic gossip writer. I suppose that due to the lack of English speaking reporters in Japan, Time had to resort to these kind of writers for material. In addition, gossip-type entertainment/sports newspapers are very popular in Japan (though not respected as legitamite journalism). The article makes it seem as if Matsui's alleged hobby is common knowledge in Japan, but this is not the case. If it was, it would be all over the media. Since Wikipedia is becoming quite well-known, it would be very irresponsible to allow information from gossip pages to be listed as "facts".

By the way, one user that keeps posting this gossip seems to be from an IP address registered to Lucent in Illinois. If it's a company IP address it's unbelievable that someone would be posting this kind of stuff from a tracable address within the company. If someone posted that IP on the Lucent wikipedia page, for example, lots of people in the company would probably see it and find out who it was. Ken6en 13:06, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I would like to see a lot more information verifying that, in fact, TIME Asia is a tabloid before I would discount it. Time may not be famous in Asia, but its an internationally respected news provider with reputation and is unlikely -- even in its gossip pages -- to publish unsubstantiated and potentially libelous content.  If you would like to discount the information, please provide us with a equally respectable news source that contradicts the pornography trivia.

 * By the way, I am posting from Columbia University, not work, and I have no embarassment about making changes like this. I'm not a Yankees fan, but I am a fan of Matsui, and was before I learned this about him. I think this trivia is not only interesting but gives some small insight into his personality.  Mjgilbert 00:49, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Let's take the opposite approach. If National Enquirer published a story that Hillary Clinton's left foot was transplanted from an ape after a childhood accident, do you think it would be possible to locate a contradictory reference?    And don't you think reporters in NY would be asking him about this everyday if he were really so open about it?  Let's use some common sense here.

 * By the way, what I meant about Lucent is not that it's embarassing, but that usually the company wouldn't be happy about employees spending time at work using company resources just to post this kind of gossip on the web. Most people wouldn't want to risk their reputation at work over something silly like this. Ken6en 12:20, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't think you've responded to my points at all, but I wonder if maybe this isn't a misunderstanding. Here is the actual time article -- http://www.time.com/time/asia/2003/heroes/hideki_matsui.html.  It involves three reporters collaborating on the piece and its not a quick entry in a trashy gossup column.  It's a comphrensive overview of Matsui's career that is over 2500 words long and published in a respected, non-tablid magazine.  Time ASIA may or may not be as respected as its western counterpart, but it is a genuine and respected publication and there is absolutely no reason to discount what it says.  I'm going to keep resinerting this trivia until (1) I get bored with it, or (2) you find me some evidence, other than your own opinion, that:  (a)  TIME Asia is, contrary to all appeareances, the equal of the Inquirer, (b) positive evidence that Matsui does not, in fact, have a fascination with pornography.

 * Or to put it more simply, I believe by finding a trustworthy newssource that asserts a point, and finding no contrary information in a comparably respected source, I have met the bar for Wiki-inclusion. The burden is now on you to demonstrate that the info is false.   Mjgilbert 14:06, 22 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Your sole purpose appears to be to post this nonsense, and I have reported you to an admin for corrective action. Wahkeenah 16:41, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

I also took you up on your suggestion to "check out Robert Whiting" and it doesn't appear at all that his is a "basically a tabloid newspaper-type sensationalistic (sic) gossip writer." Baseball-reference.com (http://www.baseball-reference.com/bullpen/Robert_Whiting) refers to him as "the foremost English-language writer about Nippon Pro Baseball," he has written at least five award winning books about the subject, (http://www.hachettebookgroupusa.com/authors/55/2926/index.html) and contributed to:

/The New York Times, The Smithsonian, Sports Illustrated, Newsweek, U.S. News/ and /World Report, Readers Digest, Sport/ and /Time/ Magazine. He is also one of the few Westerners to write a regular column in the Japanese press. From 1979-1985, he was a columnist for the Japanese language /Daily Sports./ From 1988 to 1992, he wrote a weekly column for the popular magazine /Shukan Asahi./ From 1990-1993, he was a reporter/commentator for News Station, the #1 rated news program in Japan. He has appeared in numerous documentaries about Japan and on such shows as CNN's Larry King Live, the PBS Macneil-Lehrer News Hour, Nightline, ESPN's Sports Central, HBO's Real Sports and All Things Considered

http://www.hachettebookgroupusa.com/authors/55/2926/index.html

Here is Whiting being interviewed by Boston.com (owned by the Boston Globe) about Daisuke Matsuzaka as a "Japanese Baseball Expert." http://www.boston.com/sports/baseball/redsox/articles/2006/11/21/robert_whiting_daisuke_matsuzaka_chat_transcript/

In sum I don't see anything here that would support your allegations, and a lot of evidence to the contrary. Mjgilbert 16:41, 22 April 2007 (UTC)
 * OK, you have an alleged source. Now tell us why it matters, what this guy does on his own time. Wahkeenah 17:28, 22 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm very happy to reply to that. This is a biography, not a sports summary.  It's about Matsui as a human being, not just Matsui as a player -- that's why we're interested in his childhood, where he grew up, his early career.  Morever this is the trivia section, where interesting (but, by definition, not 'important') information is placed, that readers may enjoy learning about.
 * Personally, I think this adds a lot of interest to Matsui as a person, and I don't understand why a few of my fellow editors here feel the information ought to be censored. There's nothing wrong with a single, young, adult man being interested in pornography.  In fact, I think its admirable that isn't even embarassed about it.  I'm not bashing Matsui here, I *like* Matsui.
 * If you are objecting purely on journalistic/accuracy grounds, then please respond to the points that I've made. I have a real source, not an 'alleged' source.  The source is a respected writer, well published, and his claims have been published.  I have not seen, anywhere on the internet, anyone attempting to refute this claim.  To say that it is "nonsense" is not supportable.  If, for example, the New York Times publishes a piece about about a celebrity mentioning that they enjoy putting black pepper on their hotdogs, should we have to find three or four supporting sources on this?  Assuming (1) the publication is respectable and has a reputation for journalistic integrity, and (2) the author is likewise respected, and (3) the author has good reason to know about the information they share, and so long, finally, as (4) there are no contradicting sources of comparable weight, then by all principles of journalism and editorship, the fact can be taken as truth until and unless new evidence is found.   If this is some elaborate urban legend purportrated by a well known sportswriter in collusion with a major respected publiciation, then please do find evidence of that, and then we can have an entry that corrects the rumor.
 * In any event, I rephrased the section, making it clear what the source is, even using "according to" language, and providing multiple references. If you're going to keep reverting me on this, why not instead insert your own information afterwards.  E.g., "Whiting's claim has been disputed by [____] writing for [____], where it was states that Matsui does not, in fact, enjoy this hobby."  Lastly, I first included, but then removed, a link to a Yankees fan site, where you can see that the vast majority of fans embrace this aspect of Matsui, and find it (1) amusing (2) very interesting, and (3) feel that it doesn't diminish in any way their regard for this well liked player.
 * Mjgilbert 17:45, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

Which one is the exact link which proves that Matsui does this stuff? We understand your reasons, and they are justified but I don't know which one is the correct link for the trivia claim. 333cool 02:42, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Sorry that it isn't clear. If you look at the entry itself, its the last reference (ref 4).  Originally I had it link to one of the (many) news articles that came out in response to the Time Asia piece.  In the last revision I changed it to link directly to the Time article.  Refs 2 and 3 are admittedly defensive measures in response to a claim that the author of the article lacked journalistic standing (it turns out he's arguably the foremost authority in America on Japanese baseball).

This is certainly important information to an encyclopedia. What a role model, eh? And if an announcer says Matsui's improving his "stroke", how will we know for sure what he means? Wahkeenah 17:51, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Also, when he injured his wrist and snapped his consecutive games streak, maybe the injury in the game wasn't the real problem. Wahkeenah 04:33, 6 May 2007 (UTC)
 * or at least the hitting streak wasn't his greatest loss —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 160.39.61.120 (talk) 21:48, 9 May 2007 (UTC).

I'm siding on the side of removing this for a few reasons. One, it is very trivial in nature, and possibly a violation of WP:BLP which basically says "keep it out, unless it is thoroughly sourced". We have one guy writing about something in a second-hand manner, and that is not a good source for a controversial subject. Secondly, to quote the article, "extensive" is the words of one American writer whose eyes might pop out if he ever were to ride a subway in Japan with the rest of the "extensive" porn-wielding salarymen on their commute home. Anecdotal evidence of trading tapes does not automatically make Matsui into Larry Flynt. The whole point of those two half-paragraphs are that Matsui does not treat the porno as anything spectacular, and in fact, little evidence is supplied by the author that it IS anything spectacular. Rumors of the size of his, er, collection are just that -- rumors, and not encyclopedic. If there is a source that comments on the size of the collection, and that it qualifies for notability, then, we can revisit the issue. As it is, I don't think it qualifies for inclusion here. Neier 04:07, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Please find a credible source that discounts the one I've cited to. As support for the statement, there are easily half a dozen highly reputable news sources all of which cite to Whiting's article : while it may be a point source, it is: (1) undisputed; (2) by a highly credibly source; and (3) has been accepted widely by other credible sources and newsrooms, each which has its own vetting procedures to keep out inaccurate information.  I don't understand what this witch hunt is about.  Go to the Yankee's fan forum, discussed above, you will see that many Yankees fans find this an interesting fact.  Nor is the statement libelous/a violation of WikiPolicy: the statement is properly phrased ("according to"), properly cited, and uncontroverted.  160.39.61.120 04:48, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
 * hidiki good —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.125.162.49 (talk) 14:06, 3 March 2010 (UTC)

Possible relevance to porn garbage
There is one argument for its being relevant. Look at the standings: The appropriately-named "Yank-me" ball club is 8 games back of the Red Sox and continuing to flirt with last place. So far, the Bombers are playing like a bunch of jerk-offs. And that's where the possible relevance of Matsui and his alleged traveling porn collection come in, don'cha know. Wahkeenah 04:13, 14 May 2007 (UTC)
 * In fact, the picture currently posted for this article makes Matsui look like he spent all night practicing his stroke, as it were. Wahkeenah 04:14, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

Language
Does Matsui speak English? I used to assume he did, but then saw an article mention that he was using a translator to talk about whatever the article was about (I can't remember). Anybody know if he speaks English, or does speak some but not fluently enough and thus requires a translator at times? -albrozdude 22:48, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

He speaks very little English. On the Yankees radio network random Yankees say you're listening to the Yankees radio network. Matsui does it too. - Guest

Trivia removed from article
I removed the Trivia section from the article, based on the guidance at WP:BLP. The section is copied below, if anyone wants to try making any of it relevant, and weaving it into the rest of the article. Neier 23:11, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

 * In the popular manga Major the hero's father Honda Shigeharu gains his fame as a great pitcher (for the fictional team "Yokohama Blue Oceans") by striking Matsui out. After being demoted to the minors he makes his dream to come back to the majors and strike Matsui out again, but he is injured before achieving that goal. Not giving up, he returns to the majors as a batter and after his team is losing because of home run by Matsui, he slams a home run right on his first at bat in the majors.

 * The Yankee Stadium PA system often plays The Who's Baba O'Riley when Matsui strides to the plate for an important late-game at-bat; also they play  Immigrant Song by Led Zeppelin.

 * Matsui makes a cameo appearance in the 2006 film Click in a cut scene where he hits a two-run home run.

 * A museum dedicated to Matsui and his career is located in Nomi, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan.

 * According to a widely quoted article in Time ASIA by sportswriter Robert Whiting, one of Matsui's favorite hobbies is collecting pornography. Notwithstanding his well deserved reputation for cordiality and integrity, the unabashed hitter doesn't hide his fascination, routinely taking a small rolling suitcase full of pornography on road trips, and freely trading movies with reporters.

Nickname
The article states that Matsui's nickname was earned in Japan due to hitting power, but then cites a source that states, "But like the misunderstood monster Godzilla, whose coarse complexion prompted Matsui's nickname as a youngster, the left-handed power hitter has created a reputation for leaving chaos in his wake."Adambkny (talk) 03:11, 5 November 2009 (UTC)

Please add this image to the article Matsuiinoutfield.JPG
Thanks. It was locked when I was about to add it. He is in yankees uniform. Onetwo1 00:08, 23 June 2007 (UTC)

 * ✅ Image added --Muboshgu (talk) 14:57, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

Designated Hitter
Matsui is no loner an outfielder, he is solely a designated hitter. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jonahlomunz (talk • contribs) 21:10, 10 January 2009 (UTC)

Bats and Throws
I personally don't know how to modify this, but it says that he bats ketchup and throws cheese. Is this someones attempt at humor? reichs435 (talk) 14:22, 4 August 2010 (UTC)reichs435

Career Statistics
The "summary box" at the right gives his total career statistics in MLB in America. it should also list his career statistics for Japanese baseball, also in my opinion. Totally different leagues, statistics should not be added together, but the Japanese Statistics should also be listed. What I am suggesting is already done for Ichiro Suzuki Wfoj2 (talk) 15:59, 28 December 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Hideki Matsui. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20060501215211/http://insidetheyankees.com:80/players/hidekimatsui.htm to http://insidetheyankees.com/players/hidekimatsui.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 01:28, 19 October 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Hideki Matsui. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060501215211/http://insidetheyankees.com/players/hidekimatsui.htm to http://insidetheyankees.com/players/hidekimatsui.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:00, 2 April 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Hideki Matsui. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121231010722/http://www.nypost.com/p/blogs/yankeesblog/former_yankees_slugger_matsui_to_CFPWLt6B5Kq7TgGFhsMsZI to http://www.nypost.com/p/blogs/yankeesblog/former_yankees_slugger_matsui_to_CFPWLt6B5Kq7TgGFhsMsZI

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:38, 3 November 2017 (UTC)

Original Choice to Light the Olympic Flame
Per an article in The Daily Beast, he was the original choice of Yoshiro Mori to light the Olympic flame. May be worth including somewhere. TOKYO—The 2020 Olympics delighted the world when, at the opening ceremony on July 23, biracial tennis superstar Naomi Osaka—with a rose-gold torch in her hand—lit the Olympic cauldron. But that wasn’t the original plan. According to Olympic insiders who spoke to The Daily Beast, disgraced former Tokyo Organizing Committee chair Yoshiro Mori was pushing to have someone else do the honors. “Mori wanted ‘Godzilla’ to light the Olympic flame at the end, not Naomi Osaka, ” an employee for the committee, who spoke on conditions of anonymity due to a punitive non-disclosure agreement, told The Daily Beast.

title: Talk:Hideki Matsui


text:
Ensign Ro

Ensign Ro may refer to:

 * Ro Laren
 * "Ensign Ro" (Star Trek: The Next Generation)

title: Ensign Ro


text:
SUAL Group

Siberian-Urals Aluminium Company (Сибирско-Уральская Алюминиевая Компания), commonly known as SUAL (СУАЛ), is a fully vertically integrated aluminium company that ranks amongst the world's top ten aluminium producers. It comprises 19 businesses that are located in nine Russian regions and are involved in the production of bauxite, alumina, primary aluminium, silicon, semi-finished and finished aluminium products. The Group's revenue for the year ended December 31, 2003 was USD 1.7 billion. It has some 62,000 employees.

United Company RUSAL (Rusal) was founded in March 2007 through the merger of RUSAL, SUAL, and the alumina assets of Glencore. Kamensk-Uralsky Metallurgical Works which earlier belonged to the SUAL group was not merged to RUSAL and exists as an independent company. SUAL group uses the ventilation fan equipment produced at Ventprom.

title: SUAL Group


text:
Whitsunday Islands

The Whitsunday Islands are 74 continental islands of various sizes off the central coast of Queensland, Australia, 560 mi north of Brisbane. The northernmost of the islands are off the coast by the town of Bowen, while the southernmost islands are off the coast by Proserpine. The island group is centred on Whitsunday Island, while the commercial centre is Hamilton Island. The traditional owners of the area are the Ngaro people and the Gia people, whose Juru people has the only legally recognised native title in the Whitsunday Region.

The islands are within the locality of Whitsundays and the local government Whitsunday Region. In 2009, as part of the Q150 celebrations, the Whitsunday Islands became one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for their role as a natural attraction.

Naming
On Sunday 3 June 1770, (the day Whitsun—Pentecost was celebrated on the Christian calendar) Captain James Cook sailed his ship H.M.B. Endeavour, through a broad expanse of islands which provided an unimpeded passage to the north. Cook named the passage "Whitsundays' Passage". Cook's recorded times and dates are often questioned. Time quoted is simply local time (calculated at noon), the date recorded is a little more confusing. Cook recorded nautical time (the day starts at noon). Considering the International Date Line, and knowing today's date on the east coast of Australia is calculated at GMT+10, Cook's recorded date is fortuitously correct.

There is some contention as to exactly which islands are within the informally named Whitsunday Islands, in particular those at the southern extremity and the inclusions to the west. What is certain is that they lie within the chain named Cumberland Isles by Captain Cook (now officially the Cumberland Islands) and a reasonably defined section of that chain and surrounding waters have become known worldwide as The Whitsundays, based on a contraction of the Whitsunday Islands designation.

Tourism
The Whitsunday islands are a popular tourist destination for travellers to Queensland and the Great Barrier Reef with the area being one of the most popular yachting destinations in the Southern Hemisphere. The islands received about 700,000 visitors between March 2008 and March 2009.

The Whitsunday Ngaro Sea Trail is a mix of seaways and short walks, crossing South Molle, Hook and Whitsunday islands. The tracks across the islands are linked by seaways suited to kayaking, sailing or powerboating. Camping is available at eight camping areas on the three islands. Several islands have large resorts, offering a wide variety of accommodation and activities. Chartering a yacht or bareboating is a popular way to explore the seaways, beaches and coves.

The Ngaro Whitsundays Underwater Art Trail is a series on sculptures of Turtle, Manta ray, Maori wrasse, Coral polyp and a traditional piece named Bywa. They are located in shallow water depths assessable for snorkelling.

Components
There are a total of 74 islands and islets among all the groups in the Whitsundays.

Whitsunday group
The most notable islands in the main Whitsunday group are named Dent, Hamilton, Hayman, Hook and Whitsunday which features the white sands of Whitehaven Beach.

Lindeman group
The best known island in the Lindeman group is its namesake Lindeman Island (-20.4456°N, 149.0425°W). However the largest island in the group is Shaw Island (-20.4867°N, 149.0756°W).

Molle group
The most notable islands in the Molle group are Daydream Island (formerly West Molle Island), Long Island and South Molle Island.

Northern group
Some of the islands in the Northern group are Armit, Gloucester and Saddleback.

Table of islands
Listed below are islands of The Whitsundays, divided by group locality. Named rocks and islets can be found listed within the entry for the nearest island to that feature.

title: Whitsunday Islands


text:
The Marshall News Messenger

The Marshall News Messenger (originally the Marshall Morning News) is a daily newspaper based in Marshall, Texas.

History
There have been three newspapers based in Marshall, Texas: the Texas Republican (1849–1872), the Tri-Weekly Herald (1874), and the current Marshall News Messenger (originally the Marshall Morning News).

The Marshall Morning News was founded in 1919, with the first issue appearing September 7. It was founded by Homer Price and Bryan Blalock.

Several notable people began careers at The Marshall News Messenger: Bill Moyers began his journalism career at age sixteen as a cub reporter, and popular Texas radio talk show host, Mattie Dellinger, had her first job in journalism there in 1953.

The Texas Republican and the Tri-Weekly Herald, both published by Robert W. Loughery, were credited with aiding the election of Marshall citizens J.P. Henderson, Edward Clark, and Pendleton Murrah to the Governor's office and Louis T. Wigfall to the U.S. Senate.

In the Texas Republican, Loughery defended slavery and plantation agriculture and supported the secession of Texas and later the Confederacy. The election of local citizens and the fiery pro-confederate stance of the Texas Republican made it one of the most-read papers in Texas and made Marshall a major political center in Antebellum Texas.

Cox Enterprises sold the newspaper to ASP Westward in 2009. In 2012, ASP announced the sale of the Marshall and Longview papers, along with 12 of its other non-daily East Texas papers, to Texas Community Media LLC, a new company formed by the longtime owners of the Victoria Advocate in South Texas.

title: The Marshall News Messenger


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mma troll

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 17:09, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Mma troll
Non-encyclopedic, but then again the GNAA were kept so I don't know what to believe. Xezbeth 06:44, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC) 10 Apr 2005 (UTC) KeepTrolls in MMA are a rich part of its history.Hollywood Blonde 01:36, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete trollcruft. / Uppland 07:11, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete obviously. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 07:58, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, troll vanity. Notable pranksters are people like Chris Morris, these people are just boring. Average Earthman 12:16, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep The mma trolling culture has a major impact on the sport of mixed martial arts like the UFC to the point of actual trolls stepping into the rings with professional fighters. The term boring might not be appropriate if one had actually seen the events unfold.--The Donbreakyourarmi 12:27, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * (This is this user's 13th edit, and the previous 12 were to this article) Dave the Red (talk) 19:08, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Extreme delete. GNAA was a notable exception, this is not.  —RaD Man (talk) 18:24, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable trolls. Dave the Red (talk) 19:08, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * I tend to think that all web-forum trolls should be required to engage in Mixed Martial Arts combat with professional fighters. Let's get GNAA's WP-contributors into the circle first.  No vote until I see evidence of this phenomenon garnering widespread attention beyond an obscure niche.  Barno 20:29, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. RickK 22:59, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Carnildo 23:32, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity CDC   (talk)  05:32,
 * Keep This is important and should be expanded. 'Ultimate Fighting' is the future of martial arts.
 * First edit by anon.
 * Keep The MMA scene is a strong and unique MMA community. 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * User has no other edits, apart from vandalising this page.
 * Delete. Bunch of losers seeking attention, not notable, vanity, trollcruft. jni 13:06, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Could not agree with jni more. --Bucephalus 18:13, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: User's first, second, and third edits. --Carnildo 01:45, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Whee, an article on trolls that gets supported by more trolls! Delete. Radiant_* 09:25, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. SlimVirgin (talk) 23:51, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. These guys are idiots, I have to read their crap on mma.tv everyday - PLEASE not here too.  Tufflaw 18:58, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, but credit for inciting a VfD referencing Chris Morris. Watch out for that bomb-child.  Chris talk back 23:37, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity, nn. Vlad M V  ٭ talk 13:28, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn trollcruft. ComCat 06:25, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User:Shantanu

Hello I am Shantanu

Shantanu Singh Chauhan to be precise. Life is long and interesting. You win some time and loose sometime. But what matter is, that we should enjoy living it.

You can reach my blog here and another one at ]

title: User:Shantanu


text:
Venkat Prabhu

Venkat Kumar Gangai Amaren (born 7 November 1975), better known by his stage name Venkat Prabhu, is an Indian film director, actor and playback singer in Tamil cinema. After completing his education, he began pursuing an acting career, with his first three ventures featuring him in a starring role, failing to release, following which he began appearing in character roles.

He entered the spotlight for the first time when he turned director with the summer hit Chennai 600028 (2007). He achieved further commercial successes with his subsequent directorials Saroja (2008), Goa (2010), Mankatha (2011), Biriyani (2013), Masss (2015) and Maanaadu (2021). His father Gangai Amaren is a film director and music director. He is currently working on his film The Greatest of All Time (2024).

Early life and career
Following his return to India, Prabhu began singing for demos by his cousins, Yuvan Shankar Raja and Karthik Raja, and started his career as a playback singer in the film industry. In 1996, he, his brother Premgi Amaren and his childhood friend S. P. B. Charan set up a music band called Next Generation, which also featured Yugendran and Thaman as members, and did several stage performances. The following year, Prabhu played the lead role opposite Sangeetha in a film titled Poonjolai directed by his father Gangai Amaren, but the film was cancelled in mid-production and attempts to revive and release the film by the late-2000s were unsuccessful. Prabhu starred in two more ventures, alongside his friends S. P. B. Charan and Yugendran; Wanted, directed by Premgi Amaren, and Agathiyan's Kadhal Samrajyam,  both failing to release as well. Venkat Prabhu was then approached to essay supporting roles, with April Maadhathil (2002) becoming his first release. He went on to play character roles in nearly ten films, the most notable ventures being N. Linguswamy's Ji, starring Ajith Kumar, and the Perarasu-directed Sivakasi, featuring Vijay in the lead role. In 2008, he worked in Seeman's Vaazhthugal alongside Madhavan in his last credited appearance to date. He also played lead roles in Samuthirakani's directorial debut Unnai Charanadaindhen and Gnabagam Varuthey (2007), both co-starring Charan.

In 2007, Venkat Prabhu ventured into film directing with the sports comedy film Chennai 600028, produced by S. P. B. Charan, that revolved around a street cricket team from a suburban area in Chennai, with its players being portrayed by 11 newcomers, including his brother Premgi. The film emerged as a sleeper hit, garnering high critical acclaim and becoming labelled a "cult classic" in the following years, which led to the lead cast growing in popularity. He next directed the comedy thriller film Saroja (2008), the title being derived from a hit number from Chennai 600028, which also featured an ensemble cast including Charan and Premgi. The film followed the journey of four young men who, by taking a diversion off the main road, land into the hands of a kidnapper gang; it received positive response from critics and at the box office as well. He followed it up with Goa (2010), a full-length comedy film, which received mixed response and did fairly well at the box office. In 2011, he directed his biggest project to date, the action thriller Mankatha, featuring Ajith Kumar in the lead role and was later a blockbuster.

His next project, Biriyani (2013), starred Karthi and Hansika Motwani. After Venkat Prabhu directed Massu Engira Masilamani, with Suriya and Nayanthara in the lead role.

He directed Chennai 600028 II, the sequel of the 2007 blockbuster Chennai 600028, and it was released on 9 December 2016 to positive reviews.

His upcoming film, The Greatest of All Time, starring Vijay and music by Yuvan Shankar Raja, was officially announced in May 2023. The film is bankrolled by AGS Entertainment, which marks their second collaboration with Vijay and the #TheGoat film will also have an English dubbed theatrical release and other Indian languages dubbed release using Vijay's voice in AI technology. Whistle Podu song remix alternative version will be released along with film release rather than the original version.

Personal life
Venkat Prabhu is the son of director-turned-music-director Gangai Amaran and older brother to actor, singer and music director Premgi Amaran. His uncle is the music director Ilayaraaja and his cousins are the music composers Yuvan Shankar Raja, Karthik Raja and singer Bhavatharini. S. P. B. Charan, producer of Prabhu's first directorial venture Chennai 600028, is his very close friend and they both have worked together on several projects.

He did his schooling at St. Bede's school in Chennai. On 10 September 2001, Venkat Prabhu married Rajalakshmi, the daughter of dance teacher K. J. Sarasa, and now has a daughter named Shivani. Shivani has already sung a song for the album Thaaaii when she was 5 years old.

Frequent collaborators
Venkat Prabhu frequently works with the same actors and crew members, most prominently Premji Amaren, Yuvan Shankar Raja, and editor Praveen K. L.

Television

 * Idho Boopalaam
 * Kundakka Mandakka
 * Thedathey Tholaindhu Povai
 * Kollywood Kings

title: Venkat Prabhu


text:
Hawker, Australian Capital Territory

Hawker (postcode: 2614) is a suburb of the Belconnen district of Canberra, located within the Australian Capital Territory, Australia.

The suburb of Hawker is named after Charles Hawker (1894–1938), Member of the House of Representatives from 1929 to 1938 and Federal minister in 1932. Streets in the suburb are named according to the theme of Northern Territory pastoral stations.

Features and location
The centrepiece of the suburb is a group centre where there are many small businesses and shops like take aways, a newsagent, a motel, KFC,a hairdresser and Olive at Hawker – Mediterranean Restaurant. The area supports three schools: Hawker Primary School, Belconnen High School and Hawker College (a specialist senior secondary school). Combined, these schools cover students from preschool to Year 12.

Hawker is a popular location for sport, and includes the multi-purpose Hawker Playing Fields; Hawker Enclosed Oval, a small football (soccer) stadium (Robertfam Park), centres for tennis and lawn bowls; and the Hawker International Softball Centre.

In 2016, the median weekly household income in Hawker of $2,028 were slightly below the ACT average of $2,070.

Geology
Silurian age Green grey rhyodacite of the Walker Volcanics underlie the whole suburb. Off the south west of the suburb and south east of the Pinnacle is a lens of limestone and shale underneath the rhyodacite.

title: Hawker, Australian Capital Territory