text:
User talk:Arkiii

Hawkins
Entries need to meet our criteria for notability. It was decided through an AFD discussion (see Articles for deletion/David R. Hawkins (2nd nomination) that Hawkins doesn't meet those, and and the article about him was deleted for that reason. Thanks. Dougweller (talk) 07:09, 16 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Seconding Dougweller's statement. Hawkins has lodged complaints about his coverage on Wikipedia in the past.  See also WP:BLP, some people don't like being connected to a diploma mill.  Skinwalker (talk) 12:39, 16 October 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't know why I'm being asked to clarify this. It was decided at AfD. Dougweller (talk) 13:56, 16 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Actually there were two AfDs, both ended in delete. Arkill, you are now edit warring. Although it's now more than 24 hours, you need to read WP:3RR. Dougweller (talk) 15:48, 16 October 2012 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation
 Thank you for your recent submission to Articles for Creation. Your article submission has been reviewed. Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. Please view your submission to see the comments left by the reviewer. You are welcome to edit the submission to address the issues raised, and resubmit once you feel they have been resolved.
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Your submission at Articles for creation: Adolph "Fito" Kahn (November 20)
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Proposed deletion of Texas Jazz Jam Cruise

The article Texas Jazz Jam Cruise has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Poorly referenced stub.

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

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Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. I dream of horses If you reply here, please leave me a message on my talk page. @ 09:22, 8 December 2013 (UTC)

Better source request for File:Closeup image of Fito Kahn.jpg
Thanks for your upload to Wikipedia: You provided a source, but it is difficult for other users to examine the copyright status of the image because the source is incomplete. Please consider clarifying the exact source so that the copyright status may be checked more easily. It is best to specify the exact Web page where you found the image, rather than only giving the source domain or the URL of the image file itself. Please update the image description with a URL that will be more helpful to other users in determining the copyright status.
 * File:Closeup image of Fito Kahn.jpg

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source in a complete manner. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page or me at my talk page. Thank you. Message delivered by Theo's Little Bot (opt-out) 03:13, 9 December 2013 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation: Adolph "Fito" Kahn (December 31)
 Thank you for your recent submission to Articles for Creation. Your article submission has been reviewed. Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. Please view your submission to see the comments left by the reviewer. You are welcome to edit the submission to address the issues raised, and resubmit if you feel they have been resolved.
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Your submission at Articles for creation: Adolph "Fito" Kahn (February 2)
 Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. Please read the comments left by the reviewer on your submission. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit when they have been resolved. ''' Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia! '''
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User:Anon126 (talk - contribs) 22:44, 2 February 2014 (UTC)
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Your submission at Articles for creation: Adolph "Fito" Kahn has been accepted
 Adolph "Fito" Kahn, which you submitted to Articles for creation, has been created. You are more than welcome to continue making quality contributions to Wikipedia. . Thank you for helping improve Wikipedia! JustBerry (talk) 21:31, 20 May 2014 (UTC)
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Adolph "Fito" Kahn
Your edit here removed the prose tag I recently added to the page. Rather than removing the tag, you need to make the necessary changes to the page that the tag requests, see WP:PROSE. I would recommend replacing the list under the Education section with a paragraph noting the universities Kahn attended. Let me know if you have any questions. Thanks Meatsgains (talk) 00:08, 29 May 2014 (UTC)

Nomination of Paul C. Klemperer for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Paul C. Klemperer is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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File permission problem with File:Photo of Paul Klemperer playing the saxophone.png
Thanks for uploading File:Photo of Paul Klemperer playing the saxophone.png. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file has agreed to release it under the given license.

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Wikipedia and copyright
Hello Arkiii, and welcome to Wikipedia. Your addition to Paul C. Klemperer has had to be removed, as it appears to have added copyrighted material without permission from the copyright holder. While we appreciate your contributing to Wikipedia, there are certain things you must keep in mind about using information from your sources to avoid copyright or plagiarism issues here.

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 * Our primary policy on using copyrighted content is Copyrights. You may also want to review Copy-paste.
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 * In very rare cases (that is, for sources that are public domain or compatibly licensed), it may be possible to include greater portions of a source text. However, please seek help at the help desk before adding such content to the article. 99.9% of sources may not be added in this way, so it is necessary to seek confirmation first. If you do confirm that a source is public domain or compatibly licensed, you will still need to provide full attribution; see Plagiarism for the steps you need to follow.
 * Also note that Wikipedia articles may not be copied without attribution. If you want to copy from another Wikipedia project or article, you can, but please follow the steps in Copying within Wikipedia.

It's very important that contributors understand and follow these practices, as policy requires that people who persistently do not must be blocked from editing. If you have any questions about this, you are welcome to leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you. Dougweller (talk) 15:20, 14 August 2014 (UTC)

Nomination of Texas Jazz Jam Cruise for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Texas Jazz Jam Cruise is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Texas Jazz Jam Cruise until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Dougweller (talk) 15:26, 14 August 2014 (UTC)

Managing a conflict of interest
Hello, Arkiii. We welcome your contributions to Wikipedia, but if you are affiliated with some of the people, places or things you have written about on Wikipedia, you may have a conflict of interest or close connection to the subject.

All editors are required to comply with Wikipedia's neutral point of view content policy. People who are very close to a subject often have a distorted view of it, which may cause them to inadvertently edit in ways that make the article either too flattering or too disparaging. People with a close connection to a subject are not absolutely prohibited from editing about that subject, but they need to be especially careful about ensuring their edits are verified by reliable sources and writing with as little bias as possible.

If you are very close to a subject, here are some ways you can reduce the risk of problems:

 * Avoid or exercise great caution when editing or creating articles related to you, your organization, or its competitors, as well as projects and products they are involved with.
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 * Avoid linking to the Wikipedia article or website of your organization in other articles (see Spam).
 * Exercise great caution so that you do not accidentally breach Wikipedia's content policies.

Please familiarize yourself with relevant content policies and guidelines, especially those pertaining to neutral point of view, verifiability of information, and autobiographies.

For information on how to contribute to Wikipedia when you have a conflict of interest, please see our frequently asked questions for organizations. Thank you. Logical Cowboy (talk) 17:07, 14 August 2014 (UTC)

 * Here is some more relevant information, WP:COS (writing about your self and your work), and WP:DISCUSSAFD (disclosing vested interest when participating in deletion discussions). Logical Cowboy (talk) 19:33, 14 August 2014 (UTC)

Nomination of Adolph "Fito" Kahn for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Adolph "Fito" Kahn is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Adolph "Fito" Kahn until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article.

Proposed deletion of Austin Jazz Alliance

The article Austin Jazz Alliance has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Not notable. Lacks coverage in independent reliable sources.

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. duffbeerforme (talk) 13:39, 16 August 2014 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of ISMS Records

The article ISMS Records has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Not notable. Lacks coverage in multiple independent reliable sources.

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. duffbeerforme (talk) 12:54, 18 August 2014 (UTC)

Nomination of Austin Jazz Alliance for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Austin Jazz Alliance is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Austin Jazz Alliance until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. duffbeerforme (talk) 12:29, 2 September 2014 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Closeup image of Fito Kahn.jpg

The file File:Closeup image of Fito Kahn.jpg has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Orphaned image with source/licensing that is not 100% clear. Because the article on Fito Kahn was deleted years ago as non-notable, it is probably reasonable to delete this as well. WP:NOTWEBHOST"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. ★ Bigr   Tex  01:13, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Arkiii


text:
User:Rudi Hayward

I am a mildly dyslexic twin with an interest in philosophy (especially reformational), film (particularly foreign) and music (specifically jazz).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Rudi Hayward


text:
Bexhill railway station

Bexhill railway station serves Bexhill-on-Sea in East Sussex, England. It is on the East Coastway Line, and train services are provided by Southern.

History
Bexhill Station is the third station on this site. The present station was opened in June 1902 and replaced a previous station positioned on both sides of the track across the top of Devonshire Road. The new station had exceptionally long platforms, approximately 960 yards. The station was known as Bexhill Central after July 1923, when the Southern Railway was formed. This was because the former SECR establishment in Terminus Road took was also Bexhill. Bexhill Central reverted to Bexhill sometime after the SECR establishment closed in June 1964. The previous stations on this site were the first station of 1847 which was sited west of the present down platform. The second station was on the up and down sides across the top of Station Square, now Devonshire Square.

Description
The station is a grade II listed building, and a restoration project to the platform canopies and ticket office area was completed in the summer of 2008.

The station is accredited as part of the Department for Transport's Secure Stations scheme, with a digital CCTV system in place. It is staffed during the daytime but not late in the evenings.

The station has ticket barrier access only, prior to this the station was often unmanned.

Services
All services at Bexhill are operated by Southern using EMUs and  DMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:

 * 1 tph to London Victoria via Gatwick Airport
 * 1 tph to Brighton (semi-fast)
 * 1 tph to Eastbourne (stopping)
 * 2 tph to Ore
 * 1 tph to Ashford International

Additional services call at the station during the peak hours.

title: Bexhill railway station


text:
Wyszków County

Wyszków County (powiat wyszkowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It originally existed from 1956 until the abolition of the powiats in 1975, but was re-created on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998, which reintroduced the powiats and created 16 large voivodeships. The administrative seat and only town in the county is Wyszków, which lies 53 km north-east of Warsaw.

The county covers an area of 876.49 km2. As of 2019 its total population is 74,094, out of which the population of Wyszków is 26,905, and the rural population is 47,189.

Neighbouring counties
Wyszków County is bordered by Ostrołęka County to the north, Ostrów Mazowiecka County to the north-east, Węgrów County to the east, Wołomin County to the south, Legionowo County and Pułtusk County to the west, and Maków County to the north-west.

Administrative division
The county is subdivided into six gminas (one urban-rural and five rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.

title: Wyszków County


text:
Talk:Revolutions per minute

Hertz in place of RP?
Is there any reason to use rpm instead of Hertz in frequencies of the order of 1000 rpm? Wouldn't 17 Hz be more handy? Army1987 20:18, 20 April 2005 (virtual signature from edit history)

 * We should probably consider that rotational motion was studied by mechanical engineers, while repetitive back-and-forth motions and vibrations were studied by electrical engineers and acoustical engineers. Large, early reciprocating steam engines revolved slowly, where an increase in speed from 65 to 70 RPM was not likely to be announced as "we have increased the top speed from 1.08333 Hertz to 1.16666 Hertz". I don't expect them to be receptive to a unit-of-measure change after hundreds of years. ~ Chris the speller 21:18, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

What exactly does RPM measure in an engine?
Hello. You say in your article that RPM measures the revolutions of an engine. What exactly is it measuring? An engine is stationary and does not move, but the pieces that make up an engine obviously do. So what piece of the engine is being measured? The crankshaft?

This is an encyclopaedia, so please be more specific. Dpolwarth 11:30, 3 August 2005

 * Hi there. The RPM of an engine is measured before gears, so that would be directly from the crankshaft. This information should be included in the article, and as you can see above I've mentioned that it needs cleaning up. So I advise anyone taking on the task of cleaning up this article to add that information. --Badharlick 04:16, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

---could someone clarify exactly which cycle is measured in an engine? I mean, in a four-stroke engine, the physical shaft actually makes two complete rotations within each complete "cycle" of the engine. Which of these is measured by rpm?
 * Rotation —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.125.110.223 (talk) 20:23, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

This article is unclear, and needs cleaning up
I'm going to mark this article as requiring a cleanup, since it leaves more questions than it answers, and some that it just doesn't answer full stop. For instance, what is the standard radius of the rotating object from which the RPM is calculated?

Also the article is worded and formatted in a user unfriendly and inaccessable manner.

So changes to be made are: -add more information. -clarify current information. -rewrite/reformat the entire document for clarity.

--Badharlick 04:16, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

 * The radius makes no difference when measuring RPM on a solid object. Imagine a 2-foot-diameter flywheel rotating at 200 RPM. A spot on the rim (radius 12 inches, which is half the diameter) goes around the axis 200 times every minute, and so does a spot that is at radius 6 inches (halfway from the axis to the rim), or any other spot. The spot on the rim, however, is traveling twice as fast (20.94 MPH) as the spot 6 inches out (10.47 MPH), because it has twice as far to go in each rotation. ~ Chris the speller 21:18, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

I have reworked the article. It seems considerably better and clearer to me, but that may not count for much. ~ Chris the speller 23:38, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Notes reordered
I have reordered the notes above in chronological order (oldest at the top) and added virtual signatures and timestamps from the edit history page. ~ Chris the speller 21:18, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Category

 * Unit of velocity??? Ojw 10:33, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

N1
The article N1 redirects here, but that's not mentioned here. 85.179.21.26 13:19, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

How do you measure rpms?
What devices are used to measure rpms... this should be in the main article too. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.73.235.7 (talk) 21:22, 11 July 2008 (UTC)

rpm
what if i use the word rotations instead of revolutions? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Cbhan (talk • contribs) 14:35, 26 January 2009 (UTC)

"RPM" or "rpm" ?
In an official plate declaring nominal rating of an electrical engine, should I write "RPM" or "rpm" ? (I'm adding USA units to a "SI" plate) Thanks Michele. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.220.225.212 (talk) 22:08, 27 February 2010 (UTC)

 * This talk page is not the right place for your query. Ask your question at the reference desk. Graham 87 08:16, 28 February 2010 (UTC)

Revolve v. Rotate
In many cases, Revolve and Rotate have different meanings. In this article, the two words are used interchangeably. AaronzAccount (talk) 22:05, 28 June 2011 (UTC)

The revolution as a measure of angle
I am of the firm conviction that the turn or revolution is the most natural measure of angle and unfortunately one of the most neglected. To children we explain that a circle is made up of 360 degress. However the circle itself exists and each rotation around its centre, which is of an angle of 360 degrees or 2pi radians results in being at the same position.

It therefore follows that rpm is a measure of angular velocity. This interpretation is consistent with the examples given on this talk page. To convert to radians per second, multiply by 2pi radians/revolution and 1 minute/60 seconds. Tony.wallace.nz (talk) 07:03, 22 February 2012 (UTC)

Revised
Hi all.

As per my earlier post I have rewritten this article emphasising rpm as a measure of angular velocity. Frequency and angular velocity being related by the number of complete revolutions within a time period being the frequency: thus f=2πω. I believe this angular velocity approach to be consistent with common usage.

Tony.wallace.nz (talk) 08:20, 22 February 2012 (UTC)

 * I don't know anything about this subject, and I only have this article on my watchlist in case of vandalism, but this rewrite sounds good to me. Graham 87 15:06, 22 February 2012 (UTC)

I don't know what you mean, but your saying that f=2πω is completely and totally wrong and incorrect

The correct formula is ω = 2πf just google it. it is high-school stuff. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 104.129.194.79 (talk) 15:03, 23 April 2015 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Kilometres per hour which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 01:00, 10 December 2013 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:RPM (disambiguation) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 21:47, 2 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Revolutions per minute


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Algiers Agreement

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 15:35, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

Algiers Agreement
A copy of the agreement is not encyclopedic. Maybe it could live on WikiSource or another Wikimedia project? In any case, this article should be deleted unless someone wants to re-write it. David Johnson [ T|C ] 20:18, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Belongs at Wikisource. Though I must say keep, but re-written as a good stub.-Casito⇝Talk 22:39, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I am working on a re-write. Please give me a couple of days on this. Ground Zero 23:08, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * VfD discussions generally last for 5 days, so you'll have plenty of time. android↔talk 01:55, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep pending Ground Zero's rewrite. Important agreement that ended the Eritrean War. Capitalistroadster 05:47, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I have placed the text on wikisource here. Assuming that a rewrite appears, Keep Dsmdgold 13:07, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * I've taken the first run at a re-write. Others are invited to improve on my work. It is odd that we have an article about the agreement to end a war for which we have no article, but that is a part of Wikipedia's idiosyncratic charm. Let's hope there is an article on the war some day. See also Ethiopia-Eritrea War Ground Zero 16:33, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Now that Ground Zero has rewritten it, Keep. A useful contribution to a subject Wikipedia is weak in. -- llywrch 20:08, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Re-written, so keep. Ditto to Llywrch's comment. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 20:35, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Howard Clark (bishop)

Howard Hewlett Clark (April 23, 1901 – January 21, 1983) was Primate of the Anglican Church of Canada from 1959 to 1971.

Born in Fort Macleod, Alberta, Clark attended the University of Trinity College in Toronto. He was first appointed Curate of St. John the Baptist Norway in Toronto, Ontario in 1930. In 1932 he was made Curate of Christ Church Cathedral in Ottawa. He became Priest-in-Charge in 1938, Rector in 1939, and Dean and Rector from 1945 to 1953. He was Bishop of the Diocese of Edmonton from 1954 to 1961 and Bishop of Rupert's Land from 1961 to 1970. He was elected Primate of the Anglican Church of Canada in 1959; and became metropolitan of Rupert's Land in 1961.

In 1970 Clark was made a Companion of the Order of Canada. From 1971 to 1982 he was Chancellor of Trinity College, Toronto.

title: Howard Clark (bishop)


text:
X4

X4, X-4 or x4 may refer to:

 * BMW X4, a German crossover automobile
 * Sehol X4, a Chinese crossover automobile
 * Honda X4, a Japanese motorcycle
 * Moto X4, an Android Smartphone
 * Mega Man X4, a video game
 * Naish X4, a kitesurfing kite
 * The Norteños street gang
 * Northrop X-4 Bantam, an early jet age research aircraft
 * A common name for petroleum ether
 * A four-lane PCI Express slot
 * Ruhrstahl X-4, a German World War II air-to-air guided missile
 * Ultimate X4, a comic-book crossover in the Ultimate Marvel Universe
 * X4 (New York City bus), an express bus route
 * Stagecoach Gold bus route X4, a bus route in the United Kingdom
 * X4 virus, a T-cell tropic HIV
 * X-Men Origins: Wolverine, a 2009 film
 * X-Men: Days of Future Past, a 2014 film
 * WordPerfect X4, a version of word processing software
 * X4: Foundations, a 2018 video game

title: X4


text:
Talk:Alfredo Palacio

González/Gonzales
The Reference link says Gonzales, which is also a very common variance of the name. —Cantus… ☎   20:20, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * A quick Google test shows a 50/50 chance for any of the two names, slightly leaning towards González. Could the government site have misspelled his name? —Cantus… ☎   20:24, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * Call it a hunch; maybe I'm wrong. Here is a list of the cabinet, with "gonzález" (also, interestingly, calling him "Luis Alberto"). I thought it was suspicious because it was written GONZALES (block caps) on the govt page, but there are so many hits out there with the Gonzales spelling (or Gonzáles, which is odd, too) that I'm beginning to have serious doubts. Shall we just leave off the 2do apellido until matters become clearer? –Hajor 20:40, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Gonzáles is just a mistake. —Cantus… ☎   21:22, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

Protection
Could we get a temporary protect for this? Amerika 22:07, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Vandal seems to have gone... –Hajor 22:28, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Lynching
"Palacio maintains he is "not a politician" because he belongs to no political party, and he used this as an excuse to avoid getting lynched by a mob on April 20."

Is this true, I think lynching might be an over exaggeration, if it is true, it needs a citation. --Horses In The Sky 18:12, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I removed it as no one had come up with a source.--Jersey Devil 04:14, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Alfredo Palacio


text:
Battle of Maguaga

The Battle of Maguaga (also known as the Battle of Monguagon or the Battle of the Oakwoods) was a small battle between British troops, Canadian militia and Tecumseh's natives against a larger force of American troops, Ohio Volunteers and Michigan Legion near the Wyandot village of Maguaga which become The Township of Monguagon Township, Michigan in what is now The City of Riverview, Michigan.

Background
In the early days of the War of 1812, an American army under Brigadier-General William Hull who was also the first Governor of Michigan Territory moved to Detroit, intending to use it as a base for an attack on Upper Canada. Hull's resolution quickly faded. After deciding not to attack the British at Fort Amherstburg, he learned that Mackinac Island had been captured by the British and feared that many Native Americans would flock south from there to join the British. On 3 August, he retreated to American territory.

At the Miami Rapids, Captain Henry Brush's company of Ohio Volunteers were waiting with vital supplies for Hull's garrison, including 300 head of cattle and 70 packhorses each laden with 200 pounds of flour. On 4 August, British troops under Captain (local Major) Adam Muir of the 41st Regiment and Native Americans under Tecumseh and Roundhead defeated a detachment which Hull had sent to collect these supplies at the Battle of Brownstown. Hull sent a larger detachment under Lieutenant-Colonel James Miller to escort the supply train back to Detroit.

The battle
At Monguagon, Miller's command, comprising 280 regulars, more than 330 Ohio Volunteer troops, and about 60 Michigan Legionnaires(Mostly Muskrat French under Antoine Dequindre) found their path barred by Adam Muir, with 205 British regulars, Canadian militia and Native American. As the Americans advanced into a heavy fire, things started to go wrong for the British. The Canadian author John Richardson was present as a volunteer and later wrote:

"Here it was that we first had an opportunity of perceiving the extreme disadvantage of opposing regular troops to the enemy in the woods. Accustomed to the use of the rifle from his infancy ... and possessing the advantage of a dress which renders him almost undistinguishable to the eye of a European, the American marksman enters with comparative security into a contest with the English soldier whose glaring habiliment and accoutrements are objects too conspicuous to be missed, while his utter ignorance of a mode of warfare, in which courage and discipline are of no avail, renders the struggle for mastery even more unequal."

Noticing some men creeping through the woods on their right, some of the redcoats thought it was the enemy trying to outflank them and opened fire on them. The "enemy" turned out to be Potawatomi warriors allied to the British under Chief Main Poc, who immediately thought that the people firing at them must be Americans. Briton and Native American blazed away at each other until the Potawatomi realized that they were fighting their own side and withdrew into the woods to the rear.

Meanwhile, seeing the American advance waver, Muir ordered the bugler of the light company of the 41st Regiment to sound the charge. In the British Army, only the light infantry used the bugle; the rest of the infantry communicated using drumbeats. The officer commanding one of the other companies of the 41st Regiment thought that the bugle was sounding the "recall" and ordered his men to fall back. Before Muir knew what was happening, his whole force was streaming off to the rear. The Americans, who thought that the British were running from them, took heart and advanced over Muir's vacated position in pursuit of an enemy they thought they had routed. Miller advanced a good distance only to find that Muir had rallied his men and was standing, awaiting another attack. Miller, satisfied with his "victory", decided not to renew his assault.

Miller's force had suffered 18 killed and 64 wounded. Muir recorded 3 killed, 13 wounded and 2 missing from the 41st Regiment; 1 killed and 2 wounded from the Canadian Militia and 2 killed and 6 wounded from the Native American contingent. The 2 men returned as "missing" were taken prisoner. The Americans later claimed to have taken thirty Indian scalps at the battle.

At this point, Colonel Miller's nerve seems to have gone. His men had discarded their knapsacks at the beginning of the battle so that they could fight more effectively. Now, Miller refused to go back into the woods to retrieve the knapsacks in case the enemy were waiting there to ambush him. He camped in a large clearing and the next morning, he refused to continue the advance to the Rapids. Miller may have been shaken by the comparatively heavy casualties that his command had suffered. He clearly did not fancy another encounter with Muir. He was also very ill, and almost in a state of collapse.

Unknown to Miller, Muir's detachment had long since retired to their boats and sailed back to Fort Malden, Amherstburg. For two days, Miller stayed bivouacked, ignoring repeated orders from Hull to resume his advance to the Rapids. Finally, Hull realized that Miller was not going to obey him, and ordered him to return to Detroit.

Aftermath
The Battle of Monguagon was characterized by a series of errors by both sides.

The British routed themselves thanks to two misunderstandings, at least one of which could have been avoided through better training. The 41st Regiment had been stated to be "very sharp", but this probably indicated that their standards of discipline, administration and parade-ground drill were good. Like most British regiments, they were not trained in light infantry tactics or "bush warfare" (except for the Light company, and possibly the Grenadier company which was not present at Maguaga).

Colonel Miller first wasted the tactical advantage that was given to him by the confusion within the British force, and then appears to have completely lost his nerve. James Miller's War of 1812 career ended in success and promotion to brigadier-general, thanks mainly to his capture of the British batteries at the Battle of Lundy's Lane. Nevertheless, in the wake of the Battle of Monguagon, he may have been fortunate to escape being court-martialled and cashiered.

Miller's failure might have had dire consequences for the garrison of Detroit in the event of a sustained siege, when the supplies from the Miami Rapids would have been needed. In the event, Detroit surrendered to General Brock after a siege of only a few hours, so the absence of the extra food supplies was irrelevant. The only difference that the failure of Miller's expedition might have made was that Captain Brush's company and their supplies were not in Detroit to be captured. However, the terms of capitulation signed by General Hull included the garrison at the Rapids in the surrender agreement, and the British got the supplies anyway.

Monguagon was the first encounter of the War of 1812 that was big enough to be called a "battle" even by the standards of this small-scale conflict.

Three active battalions of the current 3rd Infantry (1-3 Inf, 2-3 Inf and 4-3 Inf) perpetuate the lineage of the old 1st Infantry Regiment, which had a detachment at the Battle of Maguaga.

The Essex and Kent Scottish regiment of the Canadian Army Reserves perpetuate the 1st and 2nd Essex Militia Regiments which fought at the Battle of Maguaga.

title: Battle of Maguaga


text:
National Alliance for Autism Research

The National Alliance for Autism Research (NAAR), based in Princeton, New Jersey, was a non-profit advocacy organization, founded by parents of children with autism concerned about the limited funding available for research.

Origins and activities
NAAR was founded in 1994 as an attempt to stimulate biomedical research and science-based approaches to understanding, treating, and curing autism spectrum disorders. The founders comprised a small group of parents, including two psychiatrists, a lawyer, a CPA and a chemistry professor.

NAAR raised money to provide research grants focusing on autism, and has committed an excess of $20 million to over 200 autism research projects, fellowships and collaborative programs - more than any other non-governmental organization. NAAR focused intently on its role in establishing and funding the Autism Tissue Program, a post-mortem brain tissue donation program designed to further autism research studies at the cellular and molecular level. Other major programs included the 'High Risk Baby Sibling Autism Research Project' and the 'NAAR Genome Project'. NAAR also published the NAARRATIVE, a newsletter on autism biomedical research. In early 2006, NAAR merged with Autism Speaks.

title: National Alliance for Autism Research


text:
Angel of Independence

The Angel of Independence, most commonly known by the shortened name El Ángel and officially known as Monumento a la Independencia ("Monument to Independence"), is a victory column on a roundabout on the major thoroughfare of Paseo de la Reforma in downtown Mexico City.

El Ángel was built in 1910 during the presidency of Porfirio Díaz by architect Antonio Rivas Mercado, to commemorate the centennial of the beginning of Mexico's War of Independence. In later years it was made into a mausoleum for the most important heroes of that war. It is one of the most recognizable landmarks in Mexico City, and it has become a focal point for both celebration and protest. It resembles the July Column in Paris, Nelson's Column in London, the Victory Column in Berlin and the Columbus Monument in New York City.

Description
The base of the column is quadrangular with each vertex featuring a bronze sculpture symbolizing law, war, justice and peace. Originally, nine steps led to the base, but due to the sinking of the ground, an ongoing problem in Mexico City, fourteen more steps have been added.

On the main face of the base facing downtown Mexico City, an inscription reads La Nación a los Héroes de la Independencia ("The Nation to the Heroes of Independence"). In front of this inscription is a bronze statue of a giant, laureled lion that guides a child, which symbolizes, according to Rivas Mercado, "the Mexican people, strong during war and docile during peace."

Next to the column is a group of marble statues of some of the heroes of the War of Independence. The column itself is 36 m high. The structure is made of steel covered with quarried stone decorated with garlands, palms and rings with the names of Independence figures. Inside the column is a two-hundred step staircase that leads to a viewpoint above the capital. The Corinthian-style capital is adorned by four eagles with extended wings from the Mexican coat of arms used at the time.

Crowning the column is a 6.7 m statue by Enrique Alciati of Nike, the Greek goddess of Victory. Like other similar victory columns around the world, it is made of bronze covered with 24k gold (restored in 2006), and weighs seven tons. In her right hand the Angel, as it is commonly known, holds a laurel crown symbolically above both Miguel Hidalgo's head and the nation below, symbolizing Victory, while in her left she holds a broken chain with three links, symbolizing Freedom from three centuries of Spanish domain.

History
Construction of the column of independence topped by a depiction of winged victory was ordered in 1900 by President Porfirio Díaz. Antonio Rivas Mercado began to design the monument, envisioned as a column with both classical and modern elements, with bronze statues at its base. The foundation stone was laid on January 2, 1902.

Placed in it was a gold chest with a record of independence and a series of coins minted in that epoch. But in May 1906, when the foundations were built and 2,400 stones placed to a height of 25 m, the sides of the monument collapsed, so Díaz created a study commission composed of engineers Guillermo Beltrán y Puga, Manuel Marroquín y Rivera, and Gonzalo Garita. The commission determined that the foundations of the monument were poorly planned, so it was decided to demolish the structure. The work was restarted under the supervision of a steering committee composed of engineers Beltran y Puga, Marroquin y Rivera and the architect Manuel Gorozpe, leaving the artwork in the care of architect Antonio Rivas Mercado. All the sculptures were made by Italian artist Enrique Alciati. One of the faces in the doors is of one of Rivas Mercado's daughter, Antonieta.

The monument was completed in time for the festivities to commemorate the first hundred years of Mexican Independence in 1910. The inauguration was held on 16 September, the 100th anniversary of the Grito de Dolores (the battle cry by Father Miguel Hidalgo that was considered the initiation of Mexican independence). The ceremony was attended by President Díaz and many foreign dignitaries. Some 10,000 Mexican soldiers and contingents of foreign military forces helped mark the occasion. The main speaker at the event was Mexican poet Salvador Díaz Mirón.

An eternal flame (Lámpara Votiva) honoring these independence heroes was installed in the base of the column at the order of President Emilio Portes Gil in 1929.

The monument suffered some damage during an earthquake on July 28, 1957, when the sculpture of the Winged Victory fell to the ground and broke into several pieces. Sculptor José Fernández Urbina was in charge of the restoration, which lasted more than a year. The monument was reopened on September 16, 1958. It survived the devastating earthquake of September 19, 1985, with some damage to the staircases and the reliefs, but none to the Angel.

On August 16, 2019, following feminist demonstrations against gender-based violence and feminicides, the monument was affected due to acts of vandalism and graffiti. The Government of Mexico City closed access for an indefinite period; but it is estimated that it could be between one and two years. However, the capital government declared justifying that the closure is due to the restoration, within the framework of a work program in Paseo de la Reforma that involves several more monuments. The restorations concluded in October 2021.

Mausoleum

In 1925, during the administration of Plutarco Elías Calles, the remains of the following Heroes of the Mexican Independence were interred in a mausoleum under the base of the monument. At the entry to the mausoleum is a statue of William Lamport, also known as Don Guillén de Lampart y Guzmán, an Irishman who was tried by the Mexican Inquisition in the mid seventeenth century, following the discovery of his plot to achieve the independence of New Spain. He was released by the inquisition to secular authorities and executed in the auto de fe of 1659, with his remains forbidden burial in sacred ground.

The actual remains of insurgents are buried in the mausoleum:

 * Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla: Chief instigator of independence in 1810 and "Father of the Nation".
 * Father José María Morelos y Pavón: Skilled general and leader of the independence movement after Hidalgo's execution.
 * Ignacio Allende: Lieutenant general of the insurgent army and later rebel leader.
 * Juan Aldama: A rebel captain and conspirator.
 * José Mariano Jiménez: Hidalgo's lieutenant colonel.
 * Guadalupe Victoria: Commander of the insurgent army and first President of Mexico.
 * Vicente Guerrero: Insurgent general following the death of Morelos and second President of Mexico.
 * Nicolás Bravo: Commander of the rebel army and later President of Mexico on three occasions.
 * Mariano Matamoros: A priest who served as Morelos's lieutenant general.
 * Andrés Quintana Roo: A prominent constitutionalist.
 * Leona Vicario: Active supporter of the rebel movement and wife of Andrés Quintana Roo.
 * Francisco Javier Mina (Xavier Mina): A Spanish officer who joined the rebel cause against the absolute monarchy of Ferdinand VII.
 * Pedro Moreno: Insurgente
 * Víctor Rosales: Insurgente

Absent from the mausoleum is Agustín de Iturbide, who achieved Mexico's independence from Spain in 1821; his remains are in the Metropolitan Cathedral of Mexico City. President Calles excluded Iturbide when other insurgents' remains were transferred to the mausoleum in 1925.

More than 60 years after the mausoleum was erected, on September 16, 1998, it was permanently opened to the public by President Ernesto Zedillo and Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas, Head of Government of the Federal District.

On May 30, 2010, as part of the Bicentennial celebrations of the War of Independence, the remains of the National Heroes were exhumed and then escorted by the Armed Forces with full military honors to the National History Museum in Chapultepec Castle, where they were subject of studies by members of the National Institute of Anthropology and History. After these studies, the remains were temporarily exhibited at the National Palace until August 2011, when they were returned to the mausoleum.

Visiting
Visitors may enter the monument, view the memorial plaques at the base level, and climb to the top of the tower. While entry is free, visitors must obtain a permit at the Cuauhtémoc borough by showing an ID. Groups of no more than six people are permitted inside the monument for about 15 minutes. With about 200 steps, the climb is arduous. The first approximately 15 stairs, located in the monument the base, are wide and comfortable. The stairs in the column itself, approximately 185, are circular, metal, very narrow and without a landing or resting point until the top. Visitors who are not in good physical shape will find the climb exhausting—it is the equivalent of climbing a 14-story building in one go, and those not comfortable in tight spaces should avoid the climb as it has insufficient room to allow others to bypass. Some staircase areas are very dark, with only a few slits to let in light. The top balcony, though narrow, offers a commanding view of the wide avenues that surround the column. The return trip down is by way of the same circular staircase.

More recently El Ángel has become the traditional gathering place for celebration by Mexico City inhabitants, particularly following Mexico national football team victories and as a focal point for political rallies.

As of March 2016, visiting inside is limited to Saturdays and Sundays from 10:00 AM to 1:00 PM.

title: Angel of Independence


text:
Collington railway station

Collington railway station serves Collington, at the western end of Bexhill in East Sussex. It is on the East Coastway Line, and train services are provided by Southern.

The station has had several name changes: it was opened as Collington Wood Halt on 11 September 1905; closed a year later, it reopened as West Bexhill Halt, and then became Collington Halt in 1929; the Halt was dropped in 1969.

The station has two platforms linked by a footbridge. There are ticket machines on both platforms which have recently replaced the Permit to Travel machines. There are also train information displays on both sides of the station, as well as an information box with an automated announcer providing departure announcements.

The station's sponsorship has recently been acquired by Hastings Direct who now advertise below the station's nameplate.

Services
All services at Collington are operated by Southern using DMUs and  EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 1 tph to London Victoria via Gatwick Airport
 * 1 tph to Eastbourne
 * 1 tph to Ore
 * 1 tph to Ashford International

During the peak hours, a number of additional services between Brighton, Hastings and Ore also call at the station.

title: Collington railway station


text:
Shigetoshi Hasegawa

Shigetoshi Hasegawa (長谷川 滋利) is a retired relief pitcher in Major League Baseball, best-selling author and Japanese television personality. He achieved the most recognition when he played for the Seattle Mariners from through. Previously, Hasegawa played with the Anaheim Angels (–), and before that spent six years with the Orix BlueWave. He bats and throws right-handed.

Baseball career
Hasegawa was drafted in the first round by the Orix BlueWave in 1990. He won 12 games in his rookie year, and received the Japanese Rookie of the Year Award in 1991. He was a teammate of Ichiro Suzuki in Japan, and won two championships with the Orix BlueWave. In six seasons with the BlueWave, he was 57–45 with a 3.33	ERA.

Hasegawa was purchased by the Anaheim Angels in January 1997, and he pitched well as a setup man. He signed with the Seattle Mariners on January 14, 2002. In 2003, Hasegawa was named to the American League All-Star team as a middle reliever. He converted 16 of 17 saves at the end of the season when Mariners closer Kazuhiro Sasaki was injured. He concluded the season with a 1.48 ERA in 63 relief appearances.

Hasegawa was not offered a contract by the Mariners after the 2005 season, On January 23, 2006, he announced his retirement despite receiving several offers from Major League and Japanese league teams. In his nine-season MLB career, Hasegawa compiled a 45–44 record with 33 saves and a 3.71 ERA in 517 games. He holds the record for most appearances by an Asian pitcher in Major League Baseball ahead of Hideo Nomo. Hasegawa was known for releasing the ball very quickly, throwing off the batter's timing. He was very durable, spending time on the disabled list only once in nine years in the majors.

Personal life
Hasegawa explained that he did not move to the U.S. to play in the majors; he entered the majors because he wanted to live in the U.S. He has since obtained permanent residence in the U.S. He speaks fluent English, even interviewing teammates on an American television show, and he introduced himself in English at his first press conference in the U.S. He has also published a book in Japan with tips on improving English language skills.

In addition to selling real estate in Irvine, California, Hasegawa frequently appears on baseball-related television shows in Japan, and is a commentator for major league games shown in Japan on NHK.

title: Shigetoshi Hasegawa


text:
Dré Bly

Donald André Bly (born May 22, 1977) is an American football coach and former player who is a defensive analyst coach for Charlotte. He played as a cornerback for 11 seasons in the NFL. He played college football for the North Carolina Tar Heels, earning All-American honors twice. Bly was selected by the St. Louis Rams in the second round of the 1999 NFL draft, and spent four seasons with the Rams, earning a Super Bowl ring with them in Super Bowl XXXIV over the Tennessee Titans. He was selected to two Pro Bowls during his four-year tenure with the Detroit Lions, and also played for the Denver Broncos and San Francisco 49ers.

He most-recently served as the cornerbacks coach for the Tar Heels before his departure in 2023.

Early life
Bly was born in Portsmouth, Virginia. He graduated from Western Branch High School in Chesapeake, where he was an all-state high school football player as well as a decorated baseball player for Western Branch Bruins.

College career
Bly attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he played for the North Carolina Tar Heels football team. In his redshirt freshman season at UNC, he led the nation with 11 interceptions. He received all-American honors, and at the time was only one of five players in NCAA history to achieve this honor as a freshman (Tony Dorsett, Herschel Walker, Bjorn Merten, and Marshall Faulk being the others). Bly was the only football player in UNC and Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) history to receive consensus first-team All-America honors twice in his college career. In his sophomore year, he was one of three finalists for the Bronko Nagurski National Defensive Player of the Year Award. Bly set the ACC record for career interceptions (20), which was later broken by Alphonso Smith of Wake Forest (21). He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2014.

St. Louis Rams
The St. Louis Rams selected Bly in the second round of the 1999 NFL draft. Bly started his career in St. Louis, playing there for four years. In his 1999 rookie season, Bly was the third cornerback or nickel back on the Rams roster, behind Todd Lyght and Dexter McCleon. While with the Rams, Bly won a Super Bowl ring for Super Bowl XXXIV. In the 2001 season, Bly notched six interceptions and led the NFL with 150 return yards. In Super Bowl XXXVI, the Rams lost to the New England Patriots, marking Bly's second Super Bowl with St. Louis.

Detroit Lions
In 2003, Bly became a free agent, left the St. Louis Rams, and signed with the Detroit Lions on a five-year contract, reportedly worth $24.5 million with a $6 million signing bonus. He made the Pro Bowl in two of his seasons with the team. Bly was the 2003 recipient of the Detroit Lions/Detroit Sports Broadcasters Association/Pro Football Writers Association's Media-Friendly "Good Guy" Award. The Good Guy Award is given yearly to the Detroit Lions player who shows consideration to, and cooperation with the media at all times during the course of the season.

On November 29, 2005, the day after Lions head coach Steve Mariucci was fired, Bly told the NFL Network that if their back-up quarterback, Jeff Garcia, had been healthy the entire season, the Lions would be in a better situation, and Mariucci would still be coaching the team. He has since apologized, albeit not to Joey Harrington, the Lions starting quarterback that season.

Denver Broncos
On March 1, 2007, Bly was traded by the Detroit Lions to the Denver Broncos for running back Tatum Bell, offensive tackle George Foster, and a 5th round draft pick. On March 28, 2007, the Denver Broncos and Bly agreed to a 5-year, $33 million contract. The contract included $18 million in bonus money and $16 million guaranteed. Bly finished the 2007 season as the Broncos leader in interceptions with five.

The Broncos restructured Bly's contract on February 18, 2008 to free up salary cap space and keep Bly on the team. As of December 1, Bly had a total of 98 tackles and 7 interceptions with the Broncos.

The Broncos released Bly on February 17, 2009.

Later career
On May 21, 2009, Bly signed a one-year, $845,000 contract with the San Francisco 49ers. On July 2, 2010, Bly re-signed with the Detroit Lions, but was released on September 4.

Coaching career
In October 2018, Bly was named the defensive backs coach for the San Diego Fleet of the Alliance of American Football. However, in December, he joined the North Carolina Tar Heels coaching staff as their cornerbacks coach. He and North Carolina mutually parted ways on January 11, 2023. He was hired by the Detroit Lions as their cornerbacks coach on February 2, 2023.

Personal life
Bly and his wife, Kristyn, have four sons, Trey, Jordan, AJ, and Emanuel, and a daughter, Peyton. Trey was a cornerback for UNC-Charlotte. Jordan currently plays wide receiver for Old Dominion. Bly also has an older sister Donna Mitchell, who is a high school teacher. His nephew, Josh Downs, played for Carolina, where he was the team's top receiver. In 2017, Bly was voted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame.

title: Dré Bly


text:
Cooden Beach railway station

Cooden Beach serves Cooden at the western end of Bexhill in East Sussex. It is on the East Coastway Line, and train services are provided by Southern.

The station
The station was first opened on 11 September 1905 as Cooden Golf Halt to serve a growing area of new, mainly high quality, housing located close to the beach (hence its later name). By 1922, the name had been simplified to Cooden Halt. With the growing housing development of the 1930s and the electrification of the line a new enlarged station was built adopting its present name of Cooden Beach on 7 July 1935. The station building is at street level and a subway leads to the platforms with their wooden shelters. The shop next to the ticket office (now combined) has been a sporting goods store and a carpet store.

In the latter half of 2005 and early 2006, Cooden Beach station underwent a minor refurbishment programme to bring the station in line with Southern's image (the company's dark green colour scheme was implemented). The improvements included new double glazing on the subways leading to the platforms and opening up the waiting rooms, which had been closed for at least a decade. The last major refurbishment, by Connex, opened up the old ticket office and shop and turned it into a Costcutter supermarket but a whole station refurbishment was never completed.

The station had a ticket office since its change from a halt, as well as an adjoining shop; however since the latter days of British Rail and early Connex times, the station was unmanned and a single ticket machine and Permit to travel dispenser were the only station furniture. The introduction of the mini-market seems to have boosted visits to the station and trains now run more frequently. Although in 2008 the mini market was sold and a new ticket office was built.

Cooden Beach is a penalty fare station with most trains operating Southern's strict Penalty Fares policy.

Services
All services at Cooden Beach are operated by Southern using DMUs and  EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 1 tph to London Victoria via Gatwick Airport
 * 1 tph to Eastbourne
 * 1 tph to Ore
 * 1 tph to Ashford International

During the peak hours, a number of additional services between Brighton, Hastings and Ore also call at the station.

title: Cooden Beach railway station


text: User talk:216.163.247.1

title: User talk:216.163.247.1


text:
The Perpetual Orgy

The Perpetual Orgy: Flaubert and Madame Bovary (La orgía perpetua. Flaubert y Madame Bovary, 1975) is a book-length essay by the Nobel Prize–winning Peruvian novelist Mario Vargas Llosa which examines Flaubert's 1857 book Madame Bovary as the first modern novel. The first part of Flaubert's novel has an autobiographical tone ; Vargas Llosa then goes on to examine the structure and meaning of Madame Bovary as well as its role in the development of the modern novel. First published in Spanish in 1975, the book was translated into English in 1986 by Helen Lane.

According to Julian Barnes: "Most of The Perpetual Orgy, at last available in Helen Lane's elegant translation, is a discussion of the genesis, execution, structure and technique of Madame Bovary. It is the best single account of the novel I know. Flaubertistes will instantly set it alongside Francis Steegmuller's classic Flaubert and Madame Bovary; students of literature who want to know how a novel works could not be better advised than to listen to Mr. Vargas Llosa hunched over this masterpiece like some vintage car freak over the engine of a Lagonda."

John Gross, also reviewing the Helen Lane translation for The New York Times, praised the book's treatment of Flaubert's technical mastery:

"He [Vargas Llosa] is excellent, however, on more fundamental matters, on the handling of time in the novel (he differentiates four types of Flaubertian time—singular, circular, immobile and imaginary) and on the constantly shifting narrative viewpoint. These may sound like dry technical issues, but Mr. Vargas Llosa brings them to life, and makes it clear how central they are if you want to understand the suppleness and subtlety that Flaubert achieved."

title: The Perpetual Orgy


text:
Raw chocolate

Raw chocolate, or raw ground chocolate paste when ground, is chocolate produced from cocoa beans that does not contain any additives like sugar.

Origins
Cacao originated in Mesoamerica around 5,300 years ago, where it was first domesticated by the Mayo-Chinchipe culture in present-day southeast Ecuador. Cultivation of cacao spread across the region, encompassing areas of modern-day Mexico, Central America, and parts of South America

Cacao held a central role in indigenous cultures, where it was not only prized for its taste but also imbued with ritual and social significance. Among diverse communities, from the Mayans to the Aztecs, cacao was viewed as a sacred substance, consumed in ceremonial contexts and esteemed for its perceived medicinal and spiritual properties.

As a beverage, chocolate became a symbol of unity and hospitality, enjoyed in communal gatherings and offered as a sign of goodwill. However, the arrival of the Spanish in the early sixteenth century marked a pivotal moment in the history of cacao. Chocolate was introduced to Europe in the seventeenth century and was marketed as an "Indian Drink" because a large portion of cocoa beans were imported from the West Indies, today known as the Caribbean region.

With the onset of colonisation, the Spanish recognized the economic potential of cacao and began to develop its trade on a global scale. Utilising indigenous labor and implementing colonial policies, the Spanish established cacao plantations in regions such as present-day Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. This expansion of cacao cultivation transformed it from a local delicacy into a valuable commodity for international trade.

Production
Chocolate's quality is heavily impacted by the basic raw materials and various steps of its manufacturing process. Traditional chocolate-making steps include conching, tempering, emulsification, flavouring, fermentation, drying, roasting, and grinding cocoa seeds, which are then combined with materials such as cocoa mass, sugar, cocoa butter, and, in certain cases, milk components. Crucial chemical reactions occur throughout these processes, particularly during fermentation, drying, roasting, and conching, which have a substantial impact on the final product's flavour and texture. Furthermore, these stages cause chemical changes that alter the biological properties of cocoa seeds.

In contrast to traditional chocolate, which requires roasted cocoa beans, raw chocolate is produced using unroasted cocoa beans, cocoa butter, and cane sugar. This differs from regular chocolate where the cocoa beans must be roasted. Keeping the cocoa beans unroasted is believed to give raw chocolate more health benefits than regular chocolate due to its high magnesium level and alternative sugars. Because of the precision required to make raw chocolate, the beans must not exceed 48 degrees Celsius.

Crushing and deshelling cocoa beans, refining cane sugar, and conching cocoa butter are all steps in the raw chocolate production process, followed by moulding and refining the combination at a regulated temperature over several weeks. The chocolate is then tempered, crystallised, taken from the mould, and packaged. Raw cocoa has been linked to a variety of health advantages, including relaxation, due to its high magnesium content.

Popularity
Raw chocolate represents a fast-growing segment of the chocolate industry. It is often made in small batches. It has been promoted as having higher concentrations of some nutrients, although few studies have been conducted to support this. According to research, more than 200 ingredients, found in chocolate and cocoa tree seeds (beans), may promote health and wellbeing. However, several of those chemicals—like serotonin, phenylethylamine, and acylethanolamines—do not exist in sufficient concentrations to have a positive impact on health. The low-heat or "cold" production process (which avoids roasting) may help to preserve the polyphenols present in cocoa. Many marketers produce raw chocolate that is certified organic or fairly-traded.

The aphrodisiac and anti-depressive qualities combined with specific sensory aspects of chocolate extend its effects beyond the cardiovascular system, metabolic diseases, neurological problems, and psychological profiles. Moreover, the potential health advantages of antioxidants and other substances found in the phytochemical composition of dark chocolate and cocoa have garnered more attention in the last fifteen years.

As of 2018, the world's yearly consumption of cacao was estimated to be 4.6 million metric tons, a 3.9% increase from 2017.

title: Raw chocolate


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Poole Pottery

Poole Pottery is a British pottery brand owned by Denby Pottery Company, with the products made in Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire.

It was founded as a manufacturer in 1873 on Poole quayside in Dorset where it produced pottery, before moving its factory operations in 1999 to a new site in Sopers Lane until its closure in 2006. They generally specialised on earthenware, although other bodies such as stoneware were periodically produced.

Historical products from Poole Pottery are displayed in museums including the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.

History
Poole Pottery was originally "Carter's Industrial Tile Manufactory" and it was this company that provided the financial foundation for the later "Poole Pottery". Carter (Jesse) joined forces in the 1920s with designers Harold Stabler and Phoebe Stabler, and potters John Adams and Truda Adams (Truda Carter) to form "Carter Stabler Adams", who produced Art Deco pottery. The Carter company produced much of the ceramic tiling used on London Underground stations built in the 1930s and, of particular note, made the relief tiles, designed by Stabler, showing symbols of London–some of these can still be seen on stations such as Bethnal Green.

"Carter Stabler Adams" eventually became "Poole Pottery", and during and after World War II produced many lines, including Twintone and Traditional. Much of the traditional range was based on the work of the chief designer in the 1920s, Truda Carter; her original designs were interpreted by "paintresses" who added their own individuality to the pieces, all of which were handmade.

Robert Jefferson joined in the 1950s, and alongside such artisans as Leslie Elsden (designer of the "Aegean" Range), Guy Sydenham, thrower and designer of the "Atlantis" range, Tony Morris, developer of the early "Delphis" Studio wares with Jefferson, and paintresses such as Carol Cutler, Diana Davies, Ros Sommerfeld, Ann Godfrey and others, including the three Wills sisters, Laura, Julia and Carolyn, produced two lines which are probably the most famous of all Poole's output: Delphis and Aegean.

Delphis is easily recognised: it is psychedelic, with vibrant colours and designs inspired by artists such as Mondrian, Warhol, Matisse and Pollock. Aegean is more subtle, with the sgraffito technique used to create the "silhouette" patterns that make this range so recognisable.

Twintone
Poole Pottery (Carter, Stabler and Adams) produced two-coloured tableware from the 1930s, but had to stop production during World War Two. When they re-launched the range in the late 1940s, they named it Twintone. Twintone was used on three shapes of tableware, many table accessories and a whole host of decorative ware right up to 1981.

Delphis
The Poole Delphis range, launched in 1963, was initially conceived by Guy Sydenham and Robert Jefferson and later developed by Jefferson and Tony Morris. Every piece is pretty much unique, with designs created by the decorators themselves.

Aegean
Introduced in 1970, Aegean utilises spray-on glazes in a wide range of techniques (sgraffito, silhouette, mosaic, flow line and carved clay) and patterns (from pure 1970's abstraction to more figurative images of fish, leaves, boats and pastoral scenes). Initially thought of as a replacement for Delphis, it was never as successful.

Living Glaze
Poole Pottery giftware is currently created using "Living Glaze". This involves the application of different glazes which react with one another to achieve unique results on each piece.

Closure and re-establishment
Leonard Curtis were appointed administrators in 2003, and sold the company as a going concern to Dorset businessman Peter Ford. They also raised funds for creditors by selling historic artefacts from the Pottery's museum.

On 15 December 2006, it was announced that the shop would close, due to non-payment of debts mounting up since new owners took over in August. The company, including the factory, went into administration on 20 December 2006, owing £1 million to over 300 creditors.

Poole Pottery came out of administration on 10 February 2007 and was under the control of Lifestyle Group Ltd, which also owns Royal Stafford Tableware.

The pottery shop opened on Poole Quay, selling Poole Pottery giftware (first and seconds), lighting, tableware and studio ranges. The shop closed down in 2017.

The main Poole Pottery factory is now at the Middleport Pottery (sharing with Burleigh Pottery) in Burslem, Stoke on Trent where production is now carried out following the closure of the Poole factory.

In June 2011, the Denby Pottery Company under the ownership of Hilco bought Poole Pottery.

title: Poole Pottery


text:
Normans Bay railway station

Normans Bay railway station serves Normans Bay in East Sussex. It is on the East Coastway Line, and train services are provided by Southern.

History
The station was opened on 11 September 1905 and was originally named Pevensey Sluice, but later that year it was renamed Normans Bay Halt. The name was altered to Normans Bay on 5 May 1969.

A level crossing named "Havensmouth" by Network Rail is in operation at Normans Bay, which was upgraded to automatic full length barriers in 2015 in co-operation with the upgrading of part of the East Coastway Line.

A self-service ticket machine was installed at the station in 2016.

Services
All services at Normans Bay are operated by Southern using DMUs and  EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 1 tph to London Victoria via Gatwick Airport
 * 1 tph to Ore via Hastings

Additional services between Brighton, Hastings and Ore, and between Eastbourne and Ashford International call at the station during the peak hours.

title: Normans Bay railway station


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Haven (film)

Haven is a 2004 feature film set in the Cayman Islands, a British offshore financial centre. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2004. It is written and directed by native Caymanian Frank E. Flowers and filmed entirely in the 100 sqmi West Indian dependency.

Haven is an ensemble film in which unconnected lives intersect and result in a violent chain of events that turns tranquility into chaos. It was released in limited theaters in the United States on September 15, 2006.

The film's tagline was "Can love survive the fall of paradise?"

Plot
A corrupt and greedy businessman, Carl Ridley (Bill Paxton), is running from the government, with his 18-year-old daughter Pippa (Agnes Bruckner) in tow. Pippa is not happy to leave her friends and comfortable life in Miami for the Cayman Islands.

Arriving in the islands, Ridley is preoccupied. Banks are rapidly closing and he must find a clean place to store his stolen money. Meanwhile, Pippa finds native Caymanian Fritz (Victor Rasuk) sleeping off a late night in her bed. He flees out the window, leaving his wallet behind. She later finds Fritz on the beach to return his wallet and befriends him, in spite of his ridiculous come-on attempts.

Fritz is yearning to show her the island, including its wild parties. But he owes money to island gang leader Richie Ritch (Raz Adoti), and when he peeks in on Pippa's father unwrapping a massive amount of cash that he had taped around his torso, Fritz begins scheming. Pippa is completely unaware that she's leading her father into even more trouble than he had in the United States.

A parallel storyline involves Shy (Orlando Bloom), a Cayman native. He is in love with Andrea (Zoë Saldaña), the daughter of his boss, Mr. Sterling, a very influential person in the island. But for an unknown reason, Andrea's brother Hammer (Anthony Mackie) despises Shy. To protect their secret affair, whenever Shy would visit Andrea at home his good friend Kimo (Mpho Koaho) would watch the house in case Andrea's father were to arrive. On Andrea's birthday Shy visits her house and has sex with her, but Kimo falls asleep and fails to warn Shy of Sterling's arrival. Shy escapes out the window, but not without being identified by Hammer. Later on, to avenge his sister's lost womanhood, Hammer attacks Shy with acid which leaves a permanent scar on Shy's face. Hammer is sent to jail for four months.

Physically and emotionally scarred, Shy becomes a recluse. Andrea is emotionally broken and gives in to drugs and sex. Shy has his friend Patrick, the son of Mr. Allen (Ridley's lawyer), take him to Richie's birthday party to find Andrea. Finding her in the bathroom having sex with a stranger, he runs into the front yard and vomits. She runs after him but he pushes her away knowing that she is high. Hammer sees Shy and begins to beat him up with help from his friends. Shy finally breaks free and runs down the street as Hammer curses at him, telling him to stay away.

Meanwhile, at the same party, Fritz gets pulled in to see Richie while Pippa talks to a few other white girls doing drugs. Upset after smoking some pot, she finds Fritz and demands that he take her home. Having just told Richie to go to her home to steal the cash, he instead takes her to Mr. Sterling's yacht. As they sit down inside, they find that the alarm has been set off; the police arrive shortly and arrest both of them. Pippa is taken to the police station, while Fritz is transported to a laundromat where a local cop who knows him delivers a lecture and a beating for acting disobediently throughout his life.

After his own beating, Shy obtains a gun and returns to the party to find Hammer. After firing the gun to clear out the party, he corners Hammer and explains what a mess Hammer has made of his own sister's life. He says that he will spare Hammer's life so that he can watch the trouble that he has caused in Andrea's life. Hammer replies that he would rather see Andrea become a whore than be with Shy. Enraged, Shy pulls the trigger. Shocked by what he has done, he apologizes and runs off.

Over the next few hours, Andrea asks Patrick to take her to find Shy. He is disgusted with her and kicks her out of his car, but tells her that Shy is at the docks. When she finds him, she expresses her desire to be with him, regardless of others' feelings. When he confesses to killing her brother, however, she leaves him in disgust, forgetting her shoes in her hurry.

When Allen and Ridley go to the police station the next morning, Ridley soon realizes that he has been betrayed and is taken into custody by the FBI. When Allen goes home to retrieve the money that he believes he tricked Ridley into leaving in his safe, he discovers that the bag contains only sand and a conch shell. At her own condo, Pippa discovers the million dollars under her mattress.

In the final scenes, Andrea prepares for Hammer's funeral with her father, Kimo comforts Shy's mother, and Shy sits on the dock where Andrea left him. He then gets into his boat, cuts the rope and motors away, throwing the gun into the water.

Cast

 * Orlando Bloom as "Shy"
 * Zoë Saldaña as Andrea
 * Victor Rasuk as Fritz
 * Bill Paxton as Carl Ridley
 * Stephen Dillane as Mr. Allen
 * Razaaq Adoti as Richie Rich
 * Agnes Bruckner as Pippa Ridley
 * Joy Bryant as Sheila
 * Bobby Cannavale as Lieutenant
 * Robert Wisdom as Mr. Sterling
 * Lee Ingleby as Patrick
 * Anthony Mackie as "Hammer"
 * Sarah Carter as Chanel
 * Ky-Mani Marley as John "The Baptist"
 * Jake Weber as Officer Powell
 * Mpho Koaho as Kimo
 * Santiago Cabrera as Gene
 * Rachel Miner as Eva
 * Peter O'Meara as Officer Franklin
 * Serena Scott Thomas as Mrs. Allen

title: Haven (film)


text:
Bomberman Max

Bomberman Max: Blue Champion and Bomberman Max: Red Challenger are video games released for the Game Boy Color on May 14, 2000. The game was followed by Bomberman Max 2 which was released for the Game Boy Advance on June 4, 2002. There are two versions called Bomberman Max: Blue Champion and Bomberman Max: Red Challenger. In Blue Champion the playable character is Bomberman where in Red Challenger the playable character is Max.

A third version of the game, Bomberman Max: Ain Version, was a Japan-exclusive limited edition. Limited to 2,000 copies, it was only available through a lucky draw contest by the Pentel Ain ad campaign.

Story
The story in both versions of the game is the same. An artificial intelligence named Brain has transformed five peaceful, happy planets into cold, dark, mechanical worlds. Both Bomberman and Max hear the distress cry of the Charaboms who live on these planets, and they begin a race to see who can save the Charaboms and defeat Brain first.

Gameplay
Bomberman and Max must conquer 100 different stages, all of which have the classic overhead Bomberman view. Only 80 of them are playable by default, as the other 20 stages are version-exclusive. To unlock those version-exclusive stages the player must link the Game Boy Color with another one having the opposite version using the infrared sensors in the Pitch Area. While there are various tasks on each level, gameplay mainly consists of bombing, similar to the debut NES title. Some of the levels can only be unlocked by the Infer Red Function on a Gameboy Color.

A new addition to the game is the introduction of the Charaboms. Each game has a unique set of Charaboms obtainable through single player mode.

Release
Bomberman Max was developed by Hudson Soft and published by Vatical Entertainment. It was originally planned for either a spring or summer 2000 release in the United States.

Reception
Bomberman Max: Blue Champion has an aggregated review score of 74.50% based on four reviews on Gamerankings. Christian Huey of Allgame suggested that the Charabom mode owes a lot to Pokémon, citing both the monster battling aspect as well as the fact that the game has two versions like Pokémon Red and Blue did. As far as traditional Bomberman gameplay goes, Huey felt that it was the pinnacle of the series at the time, and that while Bomberman fans will be satisfied, casual gamers may be turned off by the multiple versions. Brett Elston of GamesRadar called it the strangest addition to the Bomberman franchise until Bomberman: Act Zero released, criticizing the developer for "missing the point" of having multiple versions. Jeremy Parish praised it as a quality multiplayer experience for the Game Boy Color, hoping that it would see a re-release on a hypothetical Game Boy Color Mini. Craig Harris of IGN praised the game, citing the music, visuals, and gameplay for making it a quality experience. He also praised the infra-red functionality of the game. However, Harris felt disappointment that a traditional Bomberman multiplayer experience was absent. Justin Speer of GameSpot praised the gameplay, but similarly expressed disappointment that the game lacks a traditional multiplayer mode for the series, feeling that the multiplayer mode present does not make up for it.

title: Bomberman Max


text: User talk:204.184.47.3

title: User talk:204.184.47.3


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Floyd of Rosedale

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. sjorford →•← 08:44, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Floyd of Rosedale
A trophy contested in one football match between two universities doesn't seem notable to me. Maybe it could be merged somewhere, but it probably isn't worth it. David Johnson [ T|C ] 20:28, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC) Capitalistroadster 05:49, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. A 70 year old trophy passed between two very notable football teams is notable. Stuff like this adds a lot of depth to Wikipedia. Well researched, too. Merging it somewhere would be unacceptable, as it is large enough to clutter any related article. Also, there is no good non-biased placed I can think of to merge it. I'll clean it up and Wikify it, it will look a lot better-Casito⇝Talk 22:12, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep There are other articles about similar trophies. Rmhermen 22:55, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Important local sporting tradition in midwest. Well done Casito for the rewrite.
 * Keep. It's an obscure piece of regional culture/tradition, worth hanging on to.
 * keep per Capitalistroadster 05:49, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)  —msh210 17:27, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. While this might not be included in a traditional paper encyclopedia, it is the sort of article that adds value to Wikipedia. --NormanEinstein 14:17, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This trophy has historical value to both the schools and the Big Ten, and to the states as well.  Frank12

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Erection Day

"Erection Day" is the seventh episode in the ninth season of the American animated television series South Park. The 132nd episode overall, it first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on April 20, 2005. In the episode, South Park Elementary's talent show is coming up and everyone expects Jimmy to win. Jimmy is elated to perform his stand-up comedy routines, but begins to suffer from unwanted erections and tries to resolve the problem.

Plot
Jimmy faces a dilemma because he begins to experience random erections. This makes him afraid to perform his stand-up comedy routine at the South Park Elementary Talent Show for fear that he would be embarrassed in front of the entire school. He consults Butters, the only kid in town whom he expects not to make fun of him. Butters explains to him about sexual intercourse; Jimmy concludes that if he does not want to get an erection during his performance, he should have intercourse before he goes up. He attempts to arrange a date with a girl from school, with Cartman's help. When this ultimately fails, he goes to Colfax Avenue, the red-light district of town based on a suggestion from Officer Barbrady, looking for sex.

While the talent show begins at the school, Jimmy picks up an obese, STD-ridden prostitute known as Nut-Gobbler. The naïve Jimmy attempts to woo her but her pimp comes in and, thinking she is betraying him, grabs her and goes off to kill her. Jimmy summons a taxi, and a car chase ensues. In the end, Jimmy manages to distract the pimp with his comedy routine, while Nut-Gobbler subdues him with a club to the back of the head. Jimmy, presumably after having sex with the hooker, arrives at the talent show and hurries onstage at the last minute. He begins his routine, but then suddenly gets another erection.

Cultural references

 * The scene where Jimmy is carrying Nut-Gobbler is a parody of the closing scene from the 1982 film An Officer and a Gentleman.
 * Cartman's act in the talent show is a reference to the 1983 film Scarface.
 * The restaurant that Jimmy and his dates go to, Buga de Faggoncini, is named after the restaurant chain Buca di Beppo, although, according to Parker and Stone, the actual restaurant in concept is based on Romano's Macaroni Grill.

title: Erection Day


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Pevensey Bay railway station

Pevensey Bay railway station serves Pevensey Bay in East Sussex, England. It is on the East Coastway Line, and train services are provided by Southern.

It was opened by the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway on 11 September 1905, and was originally named Pevensey Bay Halt. It was renamed Pevensey Bay on 5 May 1969.

The station was the setting for an episode of The Goon Show called 'The Pevensey Bay Disaster' which was first broadcast in 1956.

Services
All services at Pevensey Bay are operated by Southern using EMUs.

The station is served by a limited service which operates during the peak hours on weekdays only. The station is served by four trains per day to Brighton and five trains per day to Hastings, four of which continue to Ore. There are no weekend services.

title: Pevensey Bay railway station


text: User talk:137.164.146.7

title: User talk:137.164.146.7


text:
Rupes Recta

Rupes Recta is a linear fault on the Moon, in the southeastern part of the Mare Nubium at. The name is Latin for straight cliff, although it is more commonly called the Straight Wall. This is the best-known escarpment on the Moon, and is a popular target for amateur astronomers. When the sun illuminates the feature at an oblique angle at about day 8 of the Moon's orbit, the Rupes Recta casts a wide shadow that gives it the appearance of a steep cliff. The fault has a length of 110 km, a typical width of 2–3 km, and a height of 240–300 m. Thus although it appears to be a vertical cliff in the lunar surface, in actuality the grade of the slope is relatively shallow.

To the west of this escarpment is the crater Birt, which is about 17 km in diameter. Also to the west is the Rima Birt rille. At the southern end is a group of hills often called the "Stag's-Horn Mountains", although this name is not officially recognized by the IAU.

To the northeast is the crater Alpetragius, and to the east is Thebit.

title: Rupes Recta


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Merkinch

Merkinch (Scottish Gaelic: Marc-Innis, meaning "Island of the Horse" ) is an area of the city of Inverness in the Highland council area of Scotland. One of the oldest neighbourhoods in Inverness, it's situated in the city's north-west flanked by the Caledonian Canal to its west and River Ness to its east. It is a traditionally working-class area.

In Merkinch is Grant Street Park, home to Clachnacuddin Football Club, and Merkinch Primary School, one of the oldest schools in the city.

In February 2020, Merkinch was ranked as the number 8th most deprived area in Scotland, in a report by the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD). Residents immediately leapt to defend their community.

Notably, Merkinch was one of the last areas in Inverness to retain the city's own dialect of Scottish Gaelic.

Local History
Merkinch first appears in writing during the reign of King Alexander II, when it was granted by royal charter to the burgh of Inverness. This occurred in 1232, with the charter written four years afterwards. As part of this, the area was required to contribute "one pound of pepper" (or risk a fine of nine shillings) to the city every Michaelmas.

Prior to the area's industrialisation, Merkinch was almost entirely farmland sitting on an island in the River Ness (hence its name-meaning in Gaelic). Wher the river flowed past the neighbourhood on its west side, is now the Caledonian Canal today. In 1829 it was the subject of a land dispute between the Frasers of Torbreck and Duffs of Muirtown, as tenants on both properties were unsure to whom they answered.

In the Highland Potato Famine of 1846, wide social unrest gripped the city of Inverness. In Merkinch, a march was organised through the area and neighbouring Muirtown (another working-class neighbourhood), led by a 12-year-old drummer boy named John Fraser. The January protests were a direct result of potato prices skyrocketing at the market on Academy Street, it being a staple food both for rural and urban lay-folk. Despite the famine affecting Highlands, potatoes were still being exported in vast quantities to London—causing an angry mob to overturn carts at the city's quay, and vandalise the houses of prominent potato merchants. In the end, 70 soldiers were called in to quell further unrest.

Fraser's march would inspire similar ones across the Highlands, and over a year later similar protests occurred in response to rising oatmeal prices.

Before the Second World War, Merkinch became home to Inverness' shipbuilding industry; across the railway lines to the area's north, the Kessock Ferry would cross the Moray Firth from a pier in South Kessock. Distilling was another important industry, with several distilleries in the area.

Today, industrial activity still takes place on the Carse Industrial Estate and Telford Retail Park.

title: Merkinch


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Pevensey & Westham railway station

Pevensey & Westham railway station serves the villages of Pevensey and Westham in East Sussex, England. It is on the East Coastway Line, and train services are provided by Southern. The station is located around 4 mi from Eastbourne town centre, and is one of four stations serving the town (the others being Polegate, Hampden Park and Eastbourne).

History
The station opened as Westham and Pevensey on 27 June 1846 with the opening of the line between Lewes and St.Leonards (Bulverhythe). It was renamed Pevensey & Westham in January 1851 but in November 1851 was renamed Pevensey until January 1890 when it received its present name. Electric trains began serving the station in 1935. The signal box closed in 2015 when new signalling was introduced controlled from Three Bridges Regional Operations Centre.

Services
All services at Pevensey & Westham are operated by Southern using DMUs and  EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 1 tph to London Victoria via Gatwick Airport
 * 1 tph to Eastbourne
 * 1 tph to Ore
 * 1 tph to Ashford International

During the peak hours, a number of additional services between Brighton, Hastings and Ore also call at the station.

title: Pevensey & Westham railway station


text:
São Gonçalo (Funchal)

São Gonçalo is a freguesia ("civil parish") parish in the municipality of Funchal, located near the south coast of the island of Madeira, in Portugal.

The population in 2011 was 6,587, in an area of 7.06 km².

Geography
The São Gonçalo civil parish consists of the settlements Algarvio, Bica do Pau, Boa Nova, Cancela, Farrobo de Baixo, Fonte, Igreja, Lomba da Quinta, Neves, Palheiro Ferreiro, Piornais, Ribeiro da Qinta, Ribeiro Seco, Salões and São João Latrão.

It is located on the eastern border of Santa Cruz civil parish. São Gonçalo is linked by regional roads to Funchal to the west, to Machico, and to Porto da Cruz.

History
The settlement of the area of São Gonçalo, much like the first lands cultivated on the island, progressed after the initial colonization by João Gonçalves Zarco. Gonçalo Aires Ferreira, one of the first settlers in this region, was a member of Zarco's fleet, and acquired land west of the primary settlement (that would become Funchal), encompassing the area between the right margin of Ribeiro Gonçalo Aires and Ribeira de Santa Luzia. The area became known as São Gonçalo for the fact that it was explored by Gonçalo Aires Ferreira, under the direction of Gonçalo Zarco, and not specifically for the Saints with the same name. The ravine physically divided the Gonçalo Aires Ferreira's lands at the mouth of the Ribeiro Lazareto, cutting it from the ecclesiastical parish of Santa Maria Maior.

Jerónimo Dias Leite later identified the first children born on Madeira, as the children of Gonçalo Aires, who were named Adam and Eve: a reflection of the regliosity of these first settlers, who saw the newly discovered lands as a new Paradise. Further, the profound religious inclination of the period was characterised by construction of small chapels alongside the homes of many of the first nobility to settle along the coast.

As the religious orders divided the newly baptized community of Funchal into two ecclesiastical parishes (Sé and Santa Maria Maior), the region of São Gonçalo continued as the enclave within the latter. The faithful concentrated their religious devotion at the Church of Nossa Senhora do Calhau, while new nuclei developing throughout the 15th century. Some services occurred in a small chapel within the enclave, which was located in a peak that became known as Pico do Lopo Machado, and whose landowner lived in the zone: Ermitério das Neves.

title: São Gonçalo (Funchal)