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Talk:Rollerball (1975 film)

References to use

 * Please add to the list references that can be used for the film article.

Organ
Did Virgil Fox play all the organ? It sounds like him. Kwantus 20:38, 2005 Apr 16 (UTC)
 * It does, at least the opening version. . 68.148.233.117 (talk) 03:10, 22 April 2012 (UTC)

Intelligence women
The comment about the rich women being intelligence agents is ridiculous.
 * Even if they were all employed as spies on their mates, the likelihood that they would need weapons training is non-sensical. Remember, their domestic partners are pampered business executives, not James Bond nor Red Grant. Plenty of corporate espionage can happen without any physical violence.
 * If they were all spies with such training, why would multiple agents blow their cover at the party?

Much simpler explanations of the scene:
 * a bored and perverse society that needs violence and destruction to stay entertained (already stated in the article).
 * pleasure unit women venting out their sublimated anger over their imposed roles in this heartless society.

For either reason, the scene would have been much less effective if all of the pistol shots hit the ground. Dyl 01:21, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

Removal of non-cited items
There was a long part removed about the end of the last game. It was removed for no reference citing. Would this particular thing HAVE to be cited? How could opinions be cited? Jimmylogan0916 04:42, 6 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I believe that opinions are not desired in a encyclopedic article. See WP:NOT, the section on "Wikipedia is not a publisher of original thought".  If you can cite (i.e. verifiable) claims to the opinion, that may be worthy of inclusion.

Fair use rationale for Image:Rollerball-poster02.jpg
Image:Rollerball-poster02.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 07:35, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Other media
I remember there being a comic on the same theme, but with ice skates instead of roller skates. Anyone else seen it? 83.250.197.97 20:41, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

 * ( Overlooking that I appear to be answering this question over a year after it was asked. )

 * The fictional sport was Spinball and it initially appeared in 1976 in the story "Death Game 1999" in the British comic "ACTION Comic". ( No connection to the US comic "Action Comics" which introduced - and still features - Superman. )

 * Certain sections of the popular media created a furore over allegations of excessive violence and... come to think of it, it would make more sense to give links rather than relate the controversies here :)

 * http://www.comicsuk.co.uk/ComicInformationPages/TemplateCharacterStory.asp?ComicTitle=Action&CharStoryName=DeathGame1999

 * http://www.sevenpennynightmare.co.uk/stories/strips/deathgame.htm

 * 86.29.225.91 (talk) 08:56, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

External Links - a broken link
The last link - "Science Fiction Radio Theater - Rollerball Murder Rollerball Murder Audio Drama" - is broken. Can anyone remove it? Thanks Kvsh5 (talk) 06:45, 21 March 2009 (UTC)

 * done :) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.25.120.194 (talk) 20:25, 23 March 2009 (UTC)

John Travolta cameo?
I have looked but couldn't find a listing of small parts in Rollerball. Look at the first game's referee. I am pretty sure that is John Travolta. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.213.224.36 (talk) 06:28, 19 September 2010 (UTC)
 * If it was him, and I doubt it, he was like 21. Dbrodbeck (talk) 12:52, 19 September 2010 (UTC)

About verifications (on films older then the www)
I've seen this (rather lousy) picture, which thow is somekind of a story unlike the new version by John Mc Tierman - my subjective point of view. But this is discussion, not article. To the probably young man who wants mor verifications on this film - how should it be possible to verify even more then the article wrighters already have done ? It's an unknowm shit movie 35 years old ! But the article is OK thow. There is no more things to verify but watching the shit. Please do remove the "suggestion" to add more verifications. The film is described as it is, and from an objective point of view. (By the way I saw it in a cinema with 800 seats - and 20 people watching. But I do remember my first x-rated movies very well. (i'm 46 today)
 * I've rarely read a paragraph in a Wikipedia Talk page more concisely, more unintentionally or more sadly revealing of its author than is the unsigned comment above. Rt3368 (talk) 21:42, 10 November 2017 (UTC)

 * There are archives of reviews etc available. Not all sources need to be online.  Dbrodbeck (talk) 15:09, 28 December 2010 (UTC)

Corporatocracy
To begin with, the IP(s) adding the link were blocked for a few months back in 2012, and haven't stopped editing, so the block is still in effect. I'm not sure that corporate-run society is a appropriate link, as opposed to an WP:EGG. If appropriate, it should be up in the lead, probably instead of in the body. — Arthur Rubin (talk) 08:55, 20 November 2014 (UTC)

In popular culture
I removed this section, nothing is cited, if you can come up with citations bring them here. Dbrodbeck (talk) 15:22, 5 July 2017 (UTC) Dbrodbeck (talk) 15:23, 5 July 2017 (UTC)
 * IJK Software based its Commodore 64 game Rocketball (1985) on Rollerball.
 * Microid's game Killerball (1989) is also based on Rollerball.
 * Cinematronics, Inc's Arcade game Mayhem 2002 is based around rollerball, but is played between 2 teams with 1 player per team and played on a smaller circular track
 * In the cyberpunk manga Battle Angel Alita, "Motorball" is a popular, bloody sport inspired by Rollerball.
 * In the British weekly comic magazine Action, the series Death Game 1999 was inspired by the films Rollerball and Death Race 2000.
 * MAD magazine #181 (March 1976) presented a satire of the movie, entitled “Rollerbrawl”.  Like the movie, the satire ends with all of Johnathan’s teammates and friends being killed.  On the bright side, Bartholomew tells Johnathan that he’s a shoo-in for “Most Valuable Player”.
 * Speedball, video game based on Rollerball

Box office
The box office section is contradictory and makes no sense. It uses the bizarre phrase "theatrical rentals", it should either be home media rentals, or theatrical release. Also the claimed figure of $6.2 million contradicts the Infobox which which lists $30 million as the box office.

It seems more likely that the film made $30 million at the box office, and a further $6.2 million in home media rentals.

(Note: Box office mojo does not seem to have a listing for Rollerball 1975 only Rollerball 2002.) -- 109.79.76.49 (talk) 17:33, 26 June 2020 (UTC)

 * FYI, "theatrical rental" is a term used with older films. Per The Numbers, " When a movie is shown in theaters, the studio/distributor and the exhibitor (movie theater) will share revenue from ticket sales. The studio’s share (usually around 50%) is called the 'rental'. This should not be confused with video rentals (e.g., through Blockbuster, RedBox etc.)." Thanks, Erik (talk | contrib) (ping me) 18:28, 26 June 2020 (UTC)
 * That explains the jargon, it does not explain why it is a good idea for this encyclopedia article to choose to use that old jargon. Also it does not explain the two very different figures. (FWIW i looked on the Variety website but couldn't find an online copy of the reference.) -- 109.79.76.49 (talk) 18:35, 26 June 2020 (UTC)
 * added it as seen here. They are still active. Dutchy85, why this particular addition? Erik (talk | contrib) (ping me) 19:41, 26 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Hey Erik thanks for getting in touch. I would always try to use Variety over Box Office Mojo or the Numbers. I have no faith in Box Office Mojo or the Numbers, particularly for older movies. I don't know where they get their figures - their information is unsourced. "$30 million" could come from anywhere. I used the terminology "theatrical rentals" because that's what Variety used. I wanted to have a more accurate figure in the listing for the film. I believe there is a greater chance of accuracy from Variety than Box Office Mojo. I didn't want to put it in the box though because the figure I had was a very specific figure - to do with its initial theatrical release. The best source for this information is always studio accounts. But "Variety" I believe is the next best level. Hope this clarifies.Dutchy85 (talk) 00:33, 27 June 2020 (UTC)
 * I've learned not to trust Box Office Mojo either but Wikipedia isn't about our opinions, it is about what the sources say. We shouldn't be second guessing the sources, we should present what they say as clearly and objectively as possible. (Variety not only uses industry jargon but plenty of jargon all their own, which an encyclopedia should of course avoid.) As it stands the article is confusing and contradictory, readers shouldn't need to figure out what is going on, we should explain it more clearly. We cannot simply choose to ignore one source or the other, I think this is a case where we need to name the sources in the article text, specify that the figure of $6.2 million was "According to Variety magazine" but that "The Numbers" put the domestic gross at $30 million. For some films I've been able to find corroborating information at latimes.com or nytimes.com but in this case no luck so far.
 * I can't seem to find a Box Office Mojo page for Rollerball 1975, searches only return a page for the 2002 version.
 * Unrelated but if anyone is interested in developing the article further they might find the AFI Catalog entry for Rollerball a useful source. -- 109.78.215.215 (talk) 00:13, 6 July 2020 (UTC)

Repairing broken link
The link to the article "The Evolution of Rollerball" is broken, but attempts to relink it from my end have failed. The game site where the article originally appeared folded, so it was republished elsewhere. Feel free to update it or not.

https://speedrally.wordpress.com/rulerball/the-evolution-of-rollerball/ 2600:1700:3901:2CC0:B17C:1748:1569:2F55 (talk) 15:11, 3 August 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 18:06, 11 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Rollerball - Caan and Beck.jpg

title: Talk:Rollerball (1975 film)


text:
Antongil Bay

Helodranon' Antongila (Bay of Antongila), more commonly called Antongil Bay in English, is the largest bay in Madagascar. This bay is on the island's east coast, toward the northern end of the eastern coastline of the island. It is within Analanjirofo administrative region.

The bay is about 60 km long and 30 km wide. Forming the eastern edge of the bay is the Masoala peninsula. The island Nosy Mangabe and the town of Maroantsetra are situated at the northern end of the bay, while the southern end of the bay is near the site of the town of Mananara Avaratra and the mouth of the Mananara River (Analanjirofo).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Antongil Bay


text:
Huwara checkpoint

The Huwara checkpoint (מחסום חווארה; حاجز حوارة) is a formerly major checkpoint operated by the Israel Defense Forces at one of the four main exits of Nablus. Situated to the south of the city, it was named after the nearby town of Huwara. It was established in October 2000, during the Second Intifada.

History
In 2002, the checkpoint was open from morning to evening. Later, it remained open for 24 hours everyday. All vehicles were required to have special permits and be searched.

In 2008, renovations were carried out to ease the overcrowding.

Conditions at Hawara were relaxed in July 2009. The checkpoint was opened to allow pedestrians to cross freely without being searched. Palestinian vehicles have sometimes faced random inspections.

In 2011, Israeli newspapers reported that the checkpoint would be removed, but according to the Palestinian human rights organization Al-Haq, the checkpoint is still in use as of 2014. According to B'Tselem, the checkpoint is infrequently in use.

Violent incidents
On 24 March 2004, a 16-year-old Palestinian boy known as Hussam Abdo tried to pass through the checkpoint while having an explosive belt strapped to his body for an attempted suicide attack. However, he failed to do so and subsequently surrendered to Israeli soldiers at the checkpoint.

In May 2005, a 15-year-old Palestinian boy was arrested at the checkpoint with two pipe bombs inside a black bag, apparently instructed to give them to someone in Israel. In November 2007, two Palestinian teenagers were detained for interrogation after they were found to be carrying three bombs; an Israeli sapper detonated them without incident. In September 2008, during Ramadan, a Palestinian woman threw acid at an Israeli soldier's face while she was passing through the checkpoint, leaving him blind in one eye. She was subsequently captured and arrested after trying to flee from the checkpoint.

title: Huwara checkpoint


text: User talk:213.249.185.140

title: User talk:213.249.185.140


text:
User:Ianthegecko

Ianthegecko is a Wikipedia user from Aurora, Colorado. He's not that good with userpage icons & stuff, so his page is very short. Here's his Sandbox.

He attended Boulder, Colorado's Wikipedia 10 event in 2011.

title: User:Ianthegecko


text:
Gilbert Fitz Richard

Gilbert Fitz Richard (c. 1066–c. 1117), 2nd feudal baron of Clare in Suffolk, and styled "de Tonbridge", was a powerful Anglo-Norman baron who was granted the Lordship of Cardigan, in Wales c. 1107–1111.

Life
Gilbert, born before 1066, was the second son and an heir of Richard Fitz Gilbert of Clare and Rohese Giffard. He succeeded to his father's possessions in England in 1088 when his father retired to a monastery; his brother, Roger Fitz Richard, inherited his father's lands in Normandy. That same year he, along with his brother Roger, fortified his castle at Tonbridge against the forces of William Rufus. But his castle was stormed, Gilbert was wounded and taken prisoner. However he and his brother were in attendance on king William Rufus at his death in August 1100. He was with Henry I at his Christmas court at Westminster in 1101.

It has been hinted, by modern historians, that Gilbert, as a part of a baronial conspiracy, played some part in the suspicious death of William II. Frank Barlow points out that no proof has been found he had any part in the king's death or that a conspiracy even existed.

In 1110, King Henry I took Cardigan from Owain ap Cadwgan, son of Cadwgan ap Bleddyn as punishment for a number of crimes including that of the abduction of Nest, wife of Gerald de Windsor. In turn Henry gave the Lordship of Cardigan, including Cardigan Castle to Gilbert Fitz Richard. He founded the Clunic priory at Stoke-by-Clare, Suffolk. Gilbert died in or before 1117.

Family
About 1088, Gilbert married Adeliza/Alice de Clermont, daughter of Hugh, Count of Clermont, and Margaret de Ramerupt. Gilbert and Adeliza had at least eight children:
 * Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare, d. 1136.
 * Gilbert Fitz Gilbert de Clare, d. 1148, 1st Earl of Pembroke.
 * Baldwin Fitz Gilbert de Clare, d. 1154, m. Adeline de Rollos.
 * Adelize/Alice de Clare, d. 1163, m. (ca. 1105), Aubrey II de Vere, son of Aubrey I de Vere and Beatrice. She had 9 children and in her widowhood was a corrodian at St. Osyth's, Chich, Essex.
 * Hervey de Clare, Lord of Montmorency.
 * Walter de Clare, d. 1149.
 * Margaret de Clare, d. 1185, m. (ca. 1108), Sir William de Montfitchet, Lord of Stansted Mountfitchet.
 * Rohese de Clare, d. 1149, m. (ca. 1130), Baderon of Monmouth

title: Gilbert Fitz Richard


text: Template:User fa

title: Template:User fa


text:
List of state visits made by Elizabeth II

Queen Elizabeth II undertook a number of state and official visits over her 70-year reign (1952 to 2022), as well as trips throughout the Commonwealth, making her the most widely travelled head of state in history. She did not require a British passport for travelling overseas, as all British passports were issued in her name.

Elizabeth II was the sovereign of more than one independent state and represented both Canada and the United Kingdom on state visits, though the former on just two occasions. The relevant governor-general usually carried out state visits on the Queen's behalf.


text:
Burnout 2: Point of Impact

Burnout 2: Point of Impact is a 2002 racing video game developed by Criterion Games and published by Acclaim Entertainment for PlayStation 2, GameCube and Xbox. It is the sequel to the 2001 video game Burnout and the second title in the Burnout series. It was the last Burnout game to be released on the GameCube and the series would not see a release on a Nintendo platform until the release of Burnout Legends in 2005. The game also marked Acclaim's last entry in the Burnout series, as Acclaim would go bankrupt in 2004; the rest of the series would be published by Electronic Arts.

Gameplay
The goal of Burnout 2: Point of Impact is to race circuits around a track, either alone, against the game artificial intelligence or human opponents. The tracks feature traffic, complex junctions and obstacles which can make driving at high speeds difficult. To travel faster, the player needs to accumulate Boost. This can be done by driving down the wrong side of the road, drifting around corners at high speeds, swerving to avoid traffic and hitting jumps at speed to gain air. Colliding with traffic or scenery at high speed causes the car to lose control and crash. After a short interval a replacement car then appears on the track without damage, but with a loss of boost.

The game also includes a "Crash" mode, in which the player(s) earn points by causing damage to other vehicles. Crash mode is generally seen as the "puzzle" aspect of Burnout, as each scenario's vehicles are not randomised. This adds a layer of strategy, as well as trial and error, to determine which angle, speed, and point of impact is required to obtain maximum points. The points are given in cash (dollars).

There is also a Pursuit mode where the player takes the role of a cop and must wreck an escaping criminal's car to arrest him, thereby unlocking the car.

The game contains a few glitches such as "the teleport glitch", where the car being driven flies off the edge of a mountain or bridge, and ends up in a higher position than where they were before, and the "flying truck glitch", which happens in crash mode when a large truck has its front turned sideways at a ninety-degree angle and becomes airborne.

The Xbox version of the game is subtitled the "Developer's Cut" and it features 21 new car skins, 15 more "crash" mode tracks, which totals up to 30 "crash" mode tracks in all and an Xbox Live online leaderboard, which was also the first use of Xbox Live in a Burnout game. The GameCube version of the game also includes the 15 additional crash mode tracks.

The GameCube and PlayStation 2 versions include all the custom cars from the Xbox version, but they do not have customisable liveries, online functions, or custom soundtrack capabilities.

Promotion
To promote the game, Acclaim offered to reimburse any driver in the United Kingdom who received a speeding ticket. Following a negative reaction to this from the UK government, the plan was cancelled.

Reception
Burnout 2: Point of Impact received "favourable" reviews on all platforms according to video game review aggregator Metacritic.

GameSpot called the PS2 version of the game a "must-own" title for arcade racing fans due to its inclusion of single-player and multiplayer modes. The publication also named it the best Xbox game of April 2003. Commenting the PS2 version, GameSpy said that "if Gran Turismo 3 is Dom Perignon, Burnout 2 is Jack Daniels", more preferring the latter. IGN called the same version "an excellent sequel", praising the graphics, the sense of speed, and modes of play, particularly the Crash mode. Eurogamer's Kristan Reed said the game was worth playing whether the players liked or not the first game in the series. Reed thought the multiplayer mode was a little disappointing, with a lower frame rate than other parts of the game but was otherwise highly complimentary:

"'Burnout 2 is the most compelling arcade driving experience we have ever had the pleasure of undertaking. It's a visual master class, supremely playable, addictive, has huge replayability and has a superb learning curve that will ensure it has a broad appeal to anyone with even a vague interest in videogames. There really is no excuse not to buy this – it will restore your faith in the ability of videogames to generate excitement. Burnout 2 is pure adrenaline. You owe it to yourself to play this game'."

During the AIAS' 7th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, Burnout 2 received a nomination for "Console Racing Game of the Year". Edge magazine ranked the game 75th on their 100 Best Video Games in 2007.

title: Burnout 2: Point of Impact


text:
Talk:The Diary of Alicia Keys

Reviews

 * http://www.popentertainment.com/keys.htm
 * http://www.hotpress.com/music/reviews/albums/The-Diary-of-Alicia-Keys-/2699328.html
 * http://nymag.com/nymetro/arts/music/pop/reviews/n_9636/
 * http://newsok.com/cd-reviews/article/1886893/?page=2
 * http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/bg63
 * http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2004/02/alicia-keys-the-diary-of-alicia-keys.html
 * http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20148795,00.html
 * http://www.stylusmagazine.com/reviews/alicia-keys/the-diary-of-alicia-keys.htm
 * https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1454&dat=20031217&id=kRJPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4x8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=3670,585677&hl=fi
 * http://www.boston.com/news/globe/living/articles/2003/12/02/a_hard_act_to_follow/
 * http://wcfcourier.com/special_sections/pulse/alicia-keys-diary-a-fantastic-listen/article_f4ed4866-1227-54e0-8be5-a80b867daca1.html

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Durable good

In economics, a durable good or a hard good or consumer durable is a good that does not quickly wear out or, more specifically, one that yields utility over time rather than being completely consumed in one use. Items like bricks could be considered perfectly durable goods because they should theoretically never wear out. Highly durable goods such as refrigerators or cars usually continue to be useful for several years of use, so durable goods are typically characterized by long periods between successive purchases.

Durable goods are known to form an imperative part of economic production. This can be exemplified from the fact that personal expenditures on durables exceeded the total value of $800 billion in 2000. In the year 2000 itself, durable goods production composed of approximately 60 percent of aggregate production within the manufacturing sector in the United States.

Examples of consumer durable goods include vehicles, books, household goods (home appliances, consumer electronics, furniture, musical instruments, tools, etc.), sports equipment, jewelry, medical equipment, and toys.

Nondurable goods or soft goods (consumables) are the opposite of durable goods. They may be defined either as goods that are immediately consumed in one use or ones that have a lifespan of less than three years.

Examples of nondurable goods include fast-moving consumer goods such as food, cosmetics, cleaning products, medication, clothing, packaging and fuel.

While durable goods can usually be rented as well as bought, nondurable goods generally are not rented.

Durability
According to Cooper (1994, p5) "durability is the ability of a product to perform its required function over a lengthy period under normal conditions of use without excessive expenditure on maintenance or repair". Several units may be used to measure the durability of a product according to its field of application such as years of existence, hours of use and operational cycles.

Product life spans and sustainable consumption
The life span of household goods is significant for sustainable consumption. The longer product life spans could contribute to eco-efficiency and sufficiency, thus slowing consumption in order to progress towards a sustainable consumption. Cooper (2005) proposed a model to demonstrate the crucial role of product life spans for sustainable production and consumption.

Durability, as a characteristic relating to the quality of goods that can be demanded by consumers, was not clear until an amendment of the law in 1994 relating to the quality standards for supplied goods.

The condition of the economy is one of the biggest factors as well as the philosophy of money. Consumers want to use their money effectively and essentially get what they paid for, and in the best-case scenario, get more than what they paid for. In the pursuit of durable goods through the lifespans of the products and consumption of those products money and price dictate two of the biggest factors other than supply and demand. “At some point, people will realize that they can trade more easily if they use some intermediate good—money. This intermediate good should ideally be easy to handle, store and transport (function i). It should be easy to measure and divide to facilitate calculations (function ii). And it should be difficult to destroy so that it lasts over time (function iii)” (de Bruin 2023). Durable good falls into this category since ease of commerce and convenience are key factors into making it a good product to buy.

title: Durable good


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Talk:Paolo Uccello

September 2005
I have added a stumpy and naive run-through of his famous painting's life. It is missing some vital names, and could do with some TLC. Better than nothing, at least.

I'm unsure why there is some (incorrect) information on the battle of San Romana's page, describing this painting's history.

--Iacobus 03:16, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

November 2005
Added bibliographic details. I plan to do more work on this page: hope this doesn't clash with anyone else's plans.

--Iacobus 06:50, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Biography and list of works added to present. I have substituted a new opening paragraph and deleted text about origins of Battle of San Romano panels, as this seems (from my reading) to be somewhat apocryphal, and marginal to a general article about the artist. At some point I aim to create pages for each of Paolo's major works.

Action-Item List from Peer Review
Following are some bulleted items from the Peer Review by Awadewit in March 2007. If anyone is interested in addressing some of these items in his/her edits to the article, please then place indented comments within the list as individual items are responded to.

 * General comment 1: Consider dividing his life into subsections: Early life and apprenticeship, Florence, etc.

 * General comment 2: Consider including a separate section on Paolo Uccello's aesthetic so that you can delve into an analysis of his paintings. You might have a subsection here on his artistic legacy or even make that a separate section altogether.

 * General comment 3: There are several one-sentence paragraphs. Can these be worked into the narrative or expanded?

 * He had some influence on twentieth century art and literary criticism. - what kind of influence? Consider adding a hint to the lead.

 * His nickname Uccello came from his fondness for painting birds. - could one simply add "Uccello, which means "bird" in Latin,.."

 * His father, Dono di Paolo, was a barber-surgeon from Pratovecchio near Arezzo, his mother’s name was Antonia. - awkwardly worded
 * March2011: Reworded slightly to make it flow better.

 * Tell why it is significant that Paolo was friends with Donatello (alas, not everyone knows who Donatello was).

 * Actual quotes from Vasari would add to the article. Ex:
 * Vasari writes that people thought this was a great and beautiful achievement.
 * His depiction of a fierce lion fighting with a venom-spouting snake was espeically appreciated by Vasari.

 * Paolo was asked to paint a number of distempered scenes of animals for the house of the Medici. - It is unclear what is meant by "distempered".

 * Should he be referred to as Paolo or Uccello? It seems odd to refer to him as the bird. What do scholarly sources do?

 * Uccello was married to Tomassa Malifici by 1453, because in that year Donato (named after Donatello) was born, and in 1456 his wife gave birth to Antonia. - oddly worded

 * He painted a predella with the Miracle of the Profaned Host part of a monumental altarpiece. - briefly tell what a predella is

 * With his precise, analytical mind he tried to apply a scientific method to depict objects in three-dimensional space. In particular, some of his studies of the perspective foreshortening of the torus are preserved, and he realised the thus acquired insights in his paintings in form of the mazzocchio. - awkwardly worded

 * To go for GA and eventually FA, there will need to be inline citations. WP:CITE Pope-Hennessy is mentioned as a source for the list of works (obviously a classic in the field) and there is a good list of references. Editors who have access to these references are requested to add footnotes in the text.

 * Is there is a picture available of Paolo Uccello himself to put in the infobox?

Thanks again to Awadewit for the review, and thanks in advance to any editors who work on the items above. Cheers, Lini 04:19, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

Vasari
About Vasari's facts and opinions. Vasari's opinions are sometimes apparently manufactured on hearsay. The point is is in regards to the colours used in the frescoes at San Miniato al Monte. Vasari states that the frescoes were in terra verde and colour. He then goes on to talk about the red brickks and blue fields and then gives a POV "He was wrong to do so because something that is meant to represent stone could not and should not be coloured with another tint.''

Vasari then goes on to priase the Sir John Hawkwood, the prophets' heads and the Flood Cycle.

What is the problem in all this?

The problem is that Uccello habitually painted in terra verde and vermilion. Sir John Hawkwood, the Prohets' heads and the magnificent Flood cycle use the identical colour scheme that Vasari slams as being inappropriate at San Miniato al Monte.

So what is it all about?

Little of the work a San Miniato is intact. Perhaps the monkks destroyed or had it painted over. I don't know. But one thing that we can gather is this, that at some point in time between the creation and Vasari's writing, the monks said they did not like the unusual colour scheme and their complaints were recorded so that Vasari eventually heard that the colours were wrong! Exactly the same colours pleased the commissioners at il Duomo and the Dominican Fathers at their new church of Santa Maria Novella.

We know that they were pleased at il Duomo because they gave him another commission, and later they ordered a matching painting from Castagno. As for the Flood at Santa Maria Novella, ever since the cycle was painted it has been regarded as a masterpiece. Unfortunately, these paintings are in a poor state and barely indicate their remarkable quality as works of art.

The problem with complaints at San Miniato may not have occurred at the time of painting. It might have happened years later. On the other hand it may have been that the paintings were simply too modern, which complaint has been said a thousand times. However it is, when Vasari says "He was wrong to do it..." he is reflecting the disappointment of another party, not the way the artistic fraternity of Florence at the time, or at Vasari's time perceived Uccello's works in terra verde. Elsewhere they were perceived as very remarkable.

In instances like this one, Vasari is a very unreliable source, because he has published conflicting opinions of the identical artistic style, without realising that the things that he has described are stylistically the same and that the opinions therefore are in conflict.

Another point:- Vasari says, and it is quoted here, that Uccello painted trees in natural colours. He didn't. His frescoed trees at Santa Maria Novella are in the same bluish green that is described as being wrong in the San Miniato paintings.

At Santa Maria Novella there are, in the frescoes, a number of trees and a great deal of broken foliage. These trees and the landscape, all in bluish green, are magnificently painted. They are, from my memory at least, by far the best painted trees in any fresco of the period or earlier. But it is not natural colouration that makes them so outstanding. It is three dimentionality and the naturalness of the foliage, regardless of their monochrome colour.

I think this article needs some work. I'm going to get stuck into it.

--Amandajm 09:33, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

new edits: "host", vasari, etc.; new entry help requested
Hi,

A number of the changes and additions I made today (see diffs) do in fact agree with those suggested in the peer review (which I hadn't read when I dived in).

The general quality of the piece is kind of a listing of paintings, and then come sentences un-analyzed, such as "his perspective was good" kind of stuff.

Not to go too deep into the history of perspective in painting, which is an entry I'd like to start--and invite any and all of you to help--, but comparison with Mazzochio, say, or at least some contemporary context, as well as comments on the how of the skills involved, is necessary. (Hell, even that revolting "Desectration of the Host" panel has extraordinary golden section and vanishing- line stuff going on.)

Best to whoever contributed to the entry, of course, --Shlishke (talk) 09:40, 16 February 2008 (UTC)

Around this time he was taught geometry by Antonio Manetti. ????
So the Baby-Manetti taught the young adult Ucello euclidian geometry? Kinda unlikely.... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.225.10.31 (talk) 17:01, 7 March 2014 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 02:14, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

Article Critique for 01/31/17 Class
As previously stated by many others, this article is very useful in the fact that it has a pretty substantial number of pictures. However, a few changes could definitely be made to improve the quality even more. First of all, there are many areas where it's missing inline citations. For example, there isn't a single citation in the introduction part of the article and there is also a quote ("I find myself old and ailing, my wife is ill, and I can no longer work.") that isn't cited at all. Going back through and carefully assessing where citations are needed and then adding them in would solve the majority of this article's weaknesses. Additionally, while I do believe that everything included in this article is relevant to the subject at hand, the fact that there are numerous single-sentence paragraphs and that the "Life" section of the article is so long is quite distracting to the reader. Nevertheless, expanding upon the ideas that lack detail and dividing "Life" into numerous sections would easily fix these issues, making the article flow better and stronger overall. Tsd14 (talk) 19:38, 30 January 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Paolo Uccello


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Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Kalimpong/archive1

Kalimpong
A self nomination, I have added most of the matter on this small town in the Himalayan foothills. Kaal and IMpbt copyedited most of the text. All MoS are adhered to. (PS: Some of the references (books) were already mentioned before I added info to the page). Was in Peer Review for a while: Peer review/Kalimpong/archive1, but did not receive any suggestions. Suggestions welcome. :) == 20:37, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * Support ; Very nice work! Has everything I'd expect a small city article to have, and more. --mav 23:08, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, looks pretty good. Are you from this place, or have you been there? Did you take those nice pictures? Everyking 02:26, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I was there last December for a fortnight. Some of the pics are mine, the rest belong to Anujkp and were uploaded by Eloquence. :) == 19:01, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * Support. Good job, Nichalp (I could say "as usual"). The photos are great. Phils 08:38, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, never knew so much could be said of such a small place. Mgm|(talk) 09:53, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support looks good Mozzerati 10:45, 2005 Apr 17 (UTC)
 * Support. Excellent work, a paragon. To be pedantic, a prettier map won't go amiss. —Oldak Quill 14:22, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I know the map looks a little odd. Once we get a detailed West Bengal state map, I'll replace this map. == 19:01, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * Support. A very good article and effort --IMpbt 23:46, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - really, Kalimgpong is a 'work of art by the God', and this article by User:Nichalp reflects the beauty of the place - as a featured article, a wider section of wikipedians will be able to enjoy this beauty of nature. Congrats.--Bhadani 03:36, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. --DanielNuyu 03:42, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Yet another model article from Nichalp; thanks to the other contributors too. -- 04:47, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)


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Talk:Knights of Columbus/Archive 1

(New quotes at the bottom, please. --SarekOfVulcan 02:33, 20 October 2005 (UTC))

Compliment
Fine job on the article. Paul 20:38, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Criticism
Pitchka reverted my edit saying Freemasonry is not anti-Catholic. He later changed it to say that Freemasonry was formerly anti-Catholic. I assert, as a Master Mason, that there is nothing in the Lodge that is or was Anti-Catholic. Some anti-Catholics were prominent Masons at times, but their opinions are by no means the opinions of Masonry as a whole. His actions are rather POV. You can see on his user page that he is a staunch Catholic. He is also a stanch critic of the Masons. It is Canon Law that states that Masons are anti-Catholic. It is the Catholic Church who perceives that the Masons are opposed to them. Such opinions cannot be substantiated by the ritual. I avoided the issue altogether, but he decided to put it back in. What do I do to resolve this? 24.5.54.209 23:15, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * You could file a Request for comment about the actions, but as an anonomous editor complaining about a logged in one, it will be more dificult to persuade people to take it seriously. If you create an account, and edit in good faith here and else where you might be interested, perhaps Pitchka will decide to open a dialogue on the subject. There are also other benefits to becoming a regular member of the community.  Most of all, don't be discouraged because of what you percieve as one stubborn editor. Gentgeen 23:31, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Uhm, am I being labeled a stubborn editor because I changed this persons edit? Not only have I found mentioned on a Masonry site written by a freemason that in the past they were anti-Catholic, but I also have from other sources that this was the case. My grandfather, in fact, was a Freemason. I also know that even earlier many of the Masons also doubled as Klan members in the South, but I'm sure this anon would say that wasn't reflected in the ritual either but it doesn't make it any less true. He obviously is out to put Freemasonry in a good light. Dwain 02:47, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * What websites claim that Freemasonry was anti-Catholic at one point in time?

 * What does the Klan have to do with anything? Sure.... there were Masons who were in the Klan in the South. There were also Masons who opposed the Klan in the North. Why does it matter if some Masons were Klan members or not? Why does it matter if some Masons were anti-Catholic or not? You are making accusations against the movement as a whole, not individual members. What you're doing is like someone saying that all Roman Catholics adhere to liberation theology because sizable numbers of Catholics adhere to it in certain areas. It isn't a representation of Roman Catholicism as a whole.

 * Would you be happy if the page were edited to say that the Roman Catholic Church believed that the Masons were opposed to them and then link to the Catholicism and Freemasonry web page? I know I would be. That's essentially what my edit was, anyway.

 * As for me out to put Masonry in a good light, I've admitted I'm a Mason. I can take and understand criticism of my order. Such things are worthy of inclusion in an encyclopedia. However, what you're trying to do is state the Roman Catholic Church's opinion on the issue as fact. Their opinion is certainly relevant to this article, because it was that opinion that lead to the creation of the Knights of Columbus. However, their opinion should not be stated as fact, as there is much disagreement about it. 24.5.54.209 07:48, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

There were two main reasons for the Church to teach against the faithful joining a Masonic or Masonic-like organization. From Humanum Genus: first, Masonic secrecy and oaths were deemed to be a practical rejection of both spiritual and secular authorities; second is the claim that their "fundamental doctrine...is that human nature and human reason ought in all things to be mistress and guide" which is in direct conflict of the belief in divine revelation. Did the Masons actually claim to oppose the Catholic Church? I don't know. Were their perceived goals in conflict with Christianity? I would say yes. So, unless there is good reference data from an independent observer that the Masons actively tried to damage the Church, the fair statement would be: Freemasonry was discouraged by church hierarchy because they considered it to be anti-Catholic, and was banned by Pope Leo XIII in 1884.

My 2 cents. --Eoghanacht 12:37, 2005 July 18 (UTC)

 * Note that Humanum Genus also complains about public schools and the separation of church and state.--SarekOfVulcan 14:50, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * "I assert, as a Master Mason, that there is nothing in the Lodge that is or was Anti-Catholic." Yeah, except its members. I get it now! Thanks for the clarification. Dwain 17:07, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * That's stupid. The Masons simply reflected the opinions of the general populace at the time . The same thing could be said of certain governments. The same thing could be said about nearly every single social and professional organization in certain areas at certain times. Masonry, as a whole, took no opinion on the issue. It was totally irrelevant to their operation, so they didn't concern themselves with it. What lodge members said or did on their own time is irrelevant to Masonry. Why can't we go with Eoghanacht's statement? It seems fair enough for me. It describes why the order was created. It doesn't make a judgment on the issue of anti-Catholicism and Freemasonry, which is certainly up for debate. 24.5.54.209 19:07, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Why don't you register? Or are you already? Dwain 22:16, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * That's irrelevant to the issue I have. How is that a response to my last comment? 24.5.54.209 17:57, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Since Pitchka seems to want to make me look like an idiot by making it look like I didn't read his comment and he won't discuss this anymore, I am proposing the following edit. Unless there are any objections, I'll make it tomorrow. It seems like a reasonable, NPOV statement, unlike the loaded and misleading statement currently up there.

"The organization was also intended to provide an alternative for Catholics to membership in a Masonic lodge—Freemasonry, which was an organization that consisted of many anti-Catholics at the time, was discouraged by church hierarchy, and banned by Pope Leo XIII in 1884." turns into "The organization was also intended to provide an alternative for Catholics to membership in a Masonic Lodge, which was discouraged by the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy and banned by Pope Leo XIII in 1884 because they believed Freemasonry to be anti-Catholic." 24.5.54.209 08:09, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * It is somewhat ironic this has turned into a forum for Freemasonry more than Knights of Columbus......first off, good article.

 * Second, for a history of Masonic anti-Catholic activity in the US, I would encourage a read of "Behind the Lodge Door" by Paul A. Fisher. If one wishes to read why the Church sees them as anti-Catholic (and a Pope, I believe, would be a "credible expert" on matters of anti-Catholicism) one can consult over one-hundred years of Papal documents regarding their activities and aims at various times.

 * Third, whether one accepts the anti-Catholic action as originating whithin the order or from persons apart from the order, the Masonic oaths, whether ritualistic or not, are diametrically opposed to Catholic teaching. If they are meant to be real, than God is called upon to witness to an oath that professes beliefs and actions the Church teaches he has condemned; and if they are symbolic, than a Freemason makes a mockery of God by calling on Him to witness to what amounts to a joke. Either way, from a Catholic (or Christian, in general) point of view it is a violation of the 2nd Commandment, and therefore sets them against Catholic doctrine. They are therefore "anti-Catholic," anti meaning against, in nature. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Pitchka (talk • contribs) 15:50, 19 October 2005.

 * The article is hardly a forum for freemasonry -- it mentions it once, and hardly in a complimentary manner. You and others keep trying to make it even less complimentary, and this is not the article to do it in. Catholicism and Freemasonry is the appropriate place, which you have already found and edited. --SarekOfVulcan 22:59, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I forgot to sign - it was not a post by Pitchka, but by myself. I wasn't trying to degrade masonry, merely trying to point out potential reasons why the Church does not allow members to join the Masonic societies - that includes KofC members, who make a pledge to uphold the Pope, the Church, and its teachings. When I make a comment such as "makes a mockery of God," notice it is followed up shortly with the statement "from the Catholic...Christian...point of view". DonaNobisPacem 07:11, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

masons go home
I wish these freemasons would just dry up and build a wall or something. Honestly, I've never seen anything like it. It's not enough to just write about their own organization, no they want to come around and write their propaganda here too!
 * Actually, I am writing about my own organization. I'm a 3rd-degree Knight, and a 3rd-degree Freemason.--SarekOfVulcan 02:34, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

The Knights of Columbus is a great organization that follows Christianity. Unlike the masons people don't swear to protect their organization by any means necessary and it does not print special versions of the bible in order for the bible to be in line with masonic beliefs. The Knights don't use pentagrams as part of their symbolism either!

 * Actually, Masons don't swear to protect the organization by any means necessary, and a typical "Masonic" bible is just a King James edition with frontispieces for signatures of the presiding officers along with supplemental material on King Solomon's Temple.
 * Besides, I've read books about cults that state that hexagrams are worse than pentagrams. What's that say about Judaism? -- Sarek

What's a vulcan freemason look like? Does he have pentagrams for ears? This link here lets freemasons talk for themselves and gives examples of why freemasonry is its own religion and not in line with Christianity Sniptilgrab 02:25, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Freemasonry is not a religion. Every Mason brings his own religion to the Lodge, and prays to God in his own way. I know Catholic, Protestant, and Jewish Masons personally. -- Sarek again

 * Well, Dr. Albert G. Mackey, a mason, and an expert on freemasonry states in his book Encyclopedia of Freemasonry that freemasonry is a religion. He strongly argues point by point what a religion is and then attributes freemasonry as fitting the definition. It figures that you would right off attack the Jewish religion that is typical of people of your ilk. Oh, but that’s right you love Jews and Catholics don’t you, you know a couple! Dr. Mackey also says that “some slight but necessary modifications” are made by the masons in Scripture. So that exposes you as either a liar or one who is ignorant in the ways of your beloved masonry. Why don’t you spend your time editing the masonry article. You don’t see me editing your freemasonry page. On second thought maybe I might, I have a lot that I think I could contribute to the article! Sniptilgrab 15:28, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * No one man speaks for Freemasonry. Just because Mackey says it's a religion doesn't make it so.--SarekOfVulcan 16:23, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Also, those "slight but necessary" modifications aren't in Scripture, they're in the lessons we take from Scripture. There is no change to our core religious beliefs. Long before I joined the Lodge, I believed in an infinite God, which means that there are an infinite number of correct ways to worship Him. Some of the material attacking Masonry presupposes that if you're not Christian (and they don't usually define Catholics as Christian), you're going to hell. --SarekOfVulcan 16:26, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

"Practical" vs "Practicing"
Rather than go from wprding which is slightly confusing to that which is slightly inaccurate, why not un-hide the note explaining the KoC usage, possibly with some added bit on the 19th century use of "practical? Anmccaff (talk) 17:44, 24 January 2018 (UTC)

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Wayaobu Manifesto

The Wayaobu Manifesto was issued in December 1935, by Mao Zedong in Wayaobu, northern Shaanxi. It deliberated on policies and strategies to confront the Japanese invasion of China (see Second Sino-Japanese War).

Mao Zedong called for a national united front with the Kuomintang to resist the Japanese. This appeal struck a responsive chord among Chinese. This decision of the Chinese Communist Party differed sharply with Chiang Kai-shek's policy of first defeating the Communists before challenging Japan directly (安内攘外).

On December 9, 1935, students and other citizens (dubbed the “December Niners”) held a demonstration on the Tiananmen Square in Beijing (renamed as Beiping then) to protest Chiang Kai-shek's continued “nonresistance” against the Japanese. City police used violence to suppress the students, turning the fire hoses on them, in the near-freezing weather. However, this demonstration became a potent symbol of anti-Japanese resistance and led to patriotic groups sprouting around the country.

title: Wayaobu Manifesto


text:
Chuppah

A chuppah (חֻפָּה, חֻפָּה) is a canopy under which a Jewish couple stand during their wedding ceremony. It consists of a cloth or sheet, sometimes a tallit, stretched or supported over four poles, or sometimes manually held up by attendants to the ceremony. A chuppah symbolizes the home that the couple will build together.

In a more general sense, chuppah refers to the method by which nessuin, the second stage of a Jewish wedding, is accomplished. According to some opinions, it is accomplished by the couple standing under the canopy along with the rabbi who weds them; however, there are other views.

Customs
A traditional chuppah, especially in Orthodox Judaism, recommends that there be open sky exactly above the chuppah, although this is not mandatory among Sephardic communities. If the wedding ceremony is held indoors in a hall, sometimes a special opening is built to be opened during the ceremony. Many Hasidim prefer to conduct the entire ceremony outdoors. It is said that the couple's ancestors are present at the chuppah ceremony.

In Yemenite communities, the practice was not for the groom and his bride to stand under a canopy (chuppah) hung on four poles, as is widely practised today in Jewish weddings, but rather to be secluded in a bridal chamber that was, in effect, a highly decorated room in the house of the groom, known as the chuppah (see Yichud).

History and legal aspects
The word chuppah appears in the Hebrew Bible, for example in Joel 2:16 and Psalms 19:5. Abraham P. Bloch states that the connection between the term chuppah and the wedding ceremony 'can be traced to the Bible'; however, 'the physical appearance of the chuppah and its religious significance have undergone many changes since then'.

There were for centuries regional differences in what constituted a huppah. Indeed, Solomon Freehof finds that the wedding canopy was unknown before the 16th century. Alfred J. Kolatch notes that it was during the Middle Ages that the "chupa ... in use today" became customary. Daniel Sperber notes that for many communities before the 16th century, the huppah consisted of a veil worn by the bride. In others, it was a cloth spread over the shoulders of the bride and groom.

Numerous illustrations of Jewish weddings in medieval Europe, North Africa and Italy show no evidence of a huppah as it is known today. Moses Isserles (1520–1572) notes that the portable marriage canopy was widely adopted by Ashkenazi Jews as a symbol of the chamber within which marriages originally took place in the generation before he composed his commentary to the Shulchan Aruch.

In Biblical times, a couple consummated their marriage in a room or tent. In Talmudic times, the room where the marriage was consummated was called the chuppah. There is however a reference of a wedding canopy in the Babylonian Talmud, Gittin 57a: "It was the custom when a boy was born to plant a cedar tree and when a girl was born to plant a pine tree, and when they married, the tree was cut down and a canopy made of the branches".

Jewish weddings consist of two separate parts: the erusin or betrothan, and the actual ceremony, known as the nessuin. The betrothal ceremony, which is today accomplished when the groom gives a wedding ring to the bride, prohibits her to all other men and cannot be dissolved without a get or religious divorce. The second ceremony, the nessuin, permits the bride to her husband.

Originally, the two ceremonies usually took place separately. After the betrothal, the bride lived with her parents until the day the actual marriage ceremony arrived; the wedding ceremony would then take place in a room or tent that the groom had set up for her. After the ceremony the bride and groom would spend an hour together in an ordinary room, and then the bride would enter the chuppah and, after gaining her permission, the groom would join her.

In the Middle Ages these two stages were increasingly combined into a single ceremony (which, from the 16th century, became the 'all but universal Jewish custom' and the chuppah lost its original meaning, with various other customs replacing it. Indeed, in post-talmudic times the use of the chuppa chamber ceased; the custom that became most common instead was to 'perform the whole combined ceremony under a canopy, to which the term chuppah was then applied, and to regard the bride's entry under the canopy as a symbol of the consummation of the marriage. The canopy 'created the semblance of a room'.

There are varying legal opinions as to how the chuppah ceremony is to be performed today. Major opinions include standing under the canopy, and secluding the couple together in a room (yichud). The betrothal and chuppah ceremonies are separated by the reading of the ketubah.

This chuppah ceremony is connected to the seven blessings which are recited over a cup of wine after the ceremony (birchat nisuin or sheva brachot).

Symbolism
The chuppah represents a Jewish home symbolized by the cloth canopy and the four poles. Just as a chuppah is open on all four sides, so was the tent of Abraham open for hospitality. Thus, the chuppah represents hospitality to one's guests. This "home" initially lacks furniture as a reminder that the basis of a Jewish home is the people within it, not the possessions. In a spiritual sense, the covering of the chuppah represents the presence of God over the covenant of marriage. As the kippah served as a reminder of the Creator above all, (also a symbol of separation from God), so the chuppah was erected to signify that the ceremony and institution of marriage has divine origins. The symbol of the chuppah is often painted or embroidered onto wimpels after a boy’s Brit Milah ceremony. Here, the chuppah is a reference to a wish for the boy’s life to be under the guidance of God and for him to have a traditional marriage and family (also expressed in a blessing).

In Ashkenazic communities, before going under the chuppah the groom covers the bride's face with a veil, known as the badeken (in Yiddish) or hinuma (in Hebrew). The origin of this tradition and its original purpose are in dispute. There are opinions that the chuppah means "covering the bride's face", hence covering the couple to be married. Others suggest that the purpose was for others to witness the act of covering, formalizing the family's home in a community, as it is a public part of the wedding. In Sephardic communities, this custom is not practiced. Instead, underneath the chuppah, the couple is wrapped together underneath a tallit, which is a fringed garment.

The groom enters the chuppah first to represent his ownership of the home on behalf of the couple. When the bride then enters the chuppah it is as though the groom is providing her with shelter or clothing, and he thus publicly demonstrates his new responsibilities toward her.

Modern trends
A chuppah can be made of any material. A tallit or embroidered velvet cloth are commonly used. Silk or quilted chuppot are increasingly common, and can often be customized or personalized to suit the couple's unique interests and occupations.

title: Chuppah


text:
USS Bailey

Four ships of United States Navy have been named Bailey for Theodorus Bailey:

 * USS Bailey (1856), was a United States Coast Survey schooner in the early years of the American Civil War.
 * USS Bailey (TB-21), was a torpedo boat commissioned in 1901. She was renamed Coast Torpedo Boat No. 8 in 1918 and decommissioned in 1919.
 * USS Bailey (DD-269), was a Clemson-class destroyer, commissioned in 1919 and transferred to the Royal Navy in 1940, where she served as HMS Reading.
 * USS Bailey (DD-492), was a Benson-class destroyer, commissioned in 1942 and decommissioned in 1946.

title: USS Bailey


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Livonia Mall

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 20:20, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

Livonia Mall
Delete. Article does not provide more information than title. It's a mall, it's in Livonia. FreplySpang (talk) 20:41, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * article manages to establish NON-NOTABILITY. This mall is frequently shopped at. It has been around for several decades and at one time, was a unique shopping mall. I would guess that the origin of this article is the link to Livona Mall in the Livonia, Michigan article.  I'm going to pre-emptively yank another mall redlink to prevent further silliness. BigFatDave 22:30, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, "unique" makes it notable. Kappa 23:48, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Er ... how, exactly? I'm unique.  As are you.  Uncle G 01:17, 2005 Apr 17 (UTC)
 * If it was "unique" in that sense, it would still be so. Kappa 03:20, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * My confusion is stemming from the fact that it isn't apparent to me from the text of the article in what sense the mall actually was unique. The article baldly states the mall was, at one time, unique.  It doesn't say how it was unique. Is it merely saying that it was, at one time, the only shopping mall in Livonia, Michigan? Or was it unique for some other reason (such as, say, being the only shopping mall painted bright fluorescent orange throughout)? Uncle G 04:07, 2005 Apr 17 (UTC)
 * As I suspected, it was unique at least in the sense that "at one time, was the only shopping mall in Livonia". Kappa 22:31, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Perhaps your vote should be discounted on the grounds that it makes absolutely no sense. Gamaliel 01:23, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, The mall is worth making an article about, I am sure google will find results about it. Just do more google testing to find out if it is a keeper. --SuperDude 00:47, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No notability established. If this mall truly deserves an article, there wouldn't be any big loss if the current article were deleted – the description there could be applied to just about any American mall. android↔talk 02:15, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. notability. Mikkalai 03:58, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 05:11, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Isn't it strange how SuperDude115 stepped in to put in a "keep" vote on yet another SamuraiClinton Michigan nanostub...?  Lucky smells socks. - Lucky 6.9 07:24, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutral. I tried adding something to it to make it not just a redundant "generic mall" label, but I agree there's not much reason to keep it now (other than Wikipedia is not paper), so I'm counting on people who live around there to add to it. It does serve a city of a 100,000, after all. -- Natalinasmpf 17:30, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, screamingly non-notable. Slac speak up!  01:21, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Malls are generally non-notable. Gamaliel 01:23, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Maybe make a mention in Livonia, Michigan and delete - Skysmith 08:54, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Another mall? Delete them all. The world's that small. Now curtain, fall. Radiant_* 13:55, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * If Skysmith wants to mention this in the Livonia, MI article, we can redirect to Livonia, MI. Otherwise just keep if you find more intriguing details. --SuperDude 03:43, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * You already voted. android↔talk 03:49, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Notability not established. Jonathunder 04:12, 2005 Apr 19 (UTC)
 * Delete. Inconsequential.  Postdlf 09:08, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Pavel Vozenilek 02:10, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mineral at the University of Toronto

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 06:17, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)

Mineral at the University of Toronto
Ad. LevelCheck 20:42, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The title is clearly wrong, and the article itself is adspeak. I would recommend merging into the University of Toronto article, but there's nothing to merge.  Delete.  RickK 21:27, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I object to articles on individual college programs. Belongs on the school website, not in an encyclopedia. Isomorphic 21:30, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, blatant advertising. Firebug 01:57, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete Pavel Vozenilek 02:11, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.