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Snow Day (2000 film)

Snow Day is a 2000 American comedy film directed by Chris Koch, written by Will McRobb and Chris Viscardi, and produced by Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon Movies. It stars Chris Elliott, Mark Webber, Jean Smart, and Chevy Chase with supporting roles by Schuyler Fisk, Pam Grier, Zena Grey, Josh Peck, Emmanuelle Chriqui, and David Paetkau. The film premiered on January 29, 2000, and was theatrically released on February 11, 2000. It takes place during the events of a record snow day in upstate New York, depicting various subplots including a group of kids planning to thwart a snowplow driver in an attempt to get a second snow day. This is the first of two films to star both Josh Peck and Zena Grey, the other being Max Keeble's Big Move, released the following year.

Snow Day was met with generally negative reviews but was a box office success. The soundtrack single "Another Dumb Blonde", by Hoku, was her only chart hit, peaking at #27 on the Billboard Hot 100. The film was released on home video on October 3, 2000, and re-released on DVD on September 26, 2017.

A musical remake was released on December 16, 2022, on Paramount+.

Plot
Despite an unusually warm season, a snow storm descends upon Syracuse, New York, leaving the Brandston family's neighborhood covered in a blanket of snow. Tom, the local weatherman (and father of Hal, Natalie, and Randy), is involved in a rivalry with Chad Symmonz, a weatherman from another station. Even though Tom predicted the previous night's snowstorm first, Chad is taking credit for the news. His wife Laura is a workaholic, but cannot make it into work as she and youngest son Randy are severely snowed in. Stuck at home with Randy, she eventually takes her mind off work and lets loose with her son in the snow.

Meanwhile, Hal plans to spend the day trying to win over his crush Claire Bonner, the school's most popular girl who has just broken up with her loud jock boyfriend Chuck, after Hal found Claire's sperm whale anklet in the swimming pool. His best friend Lane expresses disbelief at his plan, reasoning to him that love is about finding someone you can stand to be around for more than ten minutes at a time, but she agrees to accompany him on his mission. Hal tries everything from reaching out to Claire live on his dad's news station and facing off with Chuck in a snowmobile chase.

Natalie plans to use the magic of the snow day to take on her archenemy Snowplowman, a local villain who is said to run over kids and plow the streets so efficiently that there has never been a second snow day in years. With her friends Chet and Wayne, Natalie tricks Snowplowman into thinking Wayne is dead in the street. The diversion works as Snowplowman leaves the plow to investigate, and she sneaks inside the plow. Natalie is attacked by his bird Trudy, so she kidnaps the violent creature. Snowplowman retaliates by grabbing Wayne. Snowplowman agrees to swap with Natalie. She will get Wayne back and a second snow day in exchange for the bird. However, Snowplowman goes back on his word following the exchange and continues on his route to plow the snow. Natalie is about to give up when she devises a plan. Tom is able to prove Chad is a fraud when he's unable to answer basic meteorology questions on air, proving he discovered the storm first. With Chad exposed and fleeing, Tom wins back his status.

When Hal shows no signs of giving up, he ropes Lane into attracting Claire to a snow art of a sperm whale where he finds out that she actually likes zebras. After Hal dodges Chuck's group, Lane gets angry with him and admits she hasn't done what she wants to do for the snow day. When Hal asks what is it, she kisses him and leaves. He later meets up with Claire at the school's pool where she kisses him, but Hal realizes that he was wrong and he has stronger feelings for Lane. Claire encourages Hal to go after her. Later that night, Natalie faces off with Snowplowman alone. He taunts her, but she reveals an army of kids have united to stop him. The kids tie him to a street sign and commandeer his plow, restoring the snow onto the roads.

In search of Lane, Hal is attacked by Chuck. A fight ensues, but Hal is saved when Natalie and friends plow Chuck away into a snow bank with the plow. Hal is impressed with Natalie's accomplishment of her mission and says he wants to spend the soon-to-be second snow day with her.

Hal finds Lane at the local skating rink and apologizes to her. He repeats her line about true love being about finding someone you can stand to be around for ten minutes, and then asks her "You got ten minutes?" They kiss. The Brandstons, Lane, and Claire have found new paths in their lives.

Cast

 * Zena Grey as Natalie Brandston, a young girl out to preserve the snow day that happens to Syracuse.
 * Mark Webber as Hal Brandston, the older brother of Natalie. He serves as the narrator of the film.
 * Jean Smart as Laura Brandston, the mother of Natalie and Hal.
 * Chevy Chase as Tom Brandston, father of Natalie and Hal, who works as a weather man.
 * Chris Elliott as Roger Stubblefield / Snowplowman, a mean snowplow driver who has a reputation of eliminating snow days.
 * Josh Peck as Wayne Alworth, a friend of Natalie.
 * Jade Yorker as Chet Felker, a friend of Natalie.
 * Schuyler Fisk as Lane Leonard, the best friend of Hal who harbors feelings for him.
 * Emmanuelle Chriqui as Claire Bonner, a popular teenager and expert diver who is Hal's love interest.
 * Iggy Pop as Mr. Zellweger, a boring disc jockey.
 * Pam Grier as Tina
 * John Schneider as Chad Symmonz, a weather man who is Tom's rival.
 * Damian Young as Principal Ken Weaver, the principal of Natalie's school who becomes a target of snowballs on snow days which becomes a running gag throughout the film.
 * Connor Matheus as Randy Brandston, the younger brother of Natalie and Hal.
 * David Paetkau as Chuck Wheeler, Claire's on-off boyfriend.
 * Kea Wong as Paula
 * Carly Pope as Fawn
 * Rozonda Thomas as Mona
 * Katharine Isabelle as Marla
 * Tim Paleniuk as Mailman

Production
In February 1999, it was announced Nick and Paramount would team on Snow Day. It was mostly filmed in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Box office
The film opened at number three at the North American box office, making US$14.3 million in its first weekend, behind The Beach and Scream 3, the latter of which was on its second week at the top spot. Snow Day was a box office success, earning $60,020,107 in its domestic run, and $62,464,731 worldwide.

Critical response
Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reports the film holds an approval rating of 29% based on 66 reviews, with an average score of 4.26/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Weak assembly of characters and story lines made this movie forgettable and silly." Metacritic gives it a weighted average score of 34 out of 100, based on reviews from 22 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B−" on an A+ to F scale.

In a comparison to 1983's A Christmas Story, Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times called Snow Day "an uninspired assembly of characters and story lines that interrupt one another until the battle against Snowplow Man takes over just when we're hoping he will disappear from the movie and set free the teenage romance trapped inside it." Aside from the film itself, Ebert also wrote, "What a thoughtless place is Hollywood, and what talent it must feel free to waste", in reference to Pam Grier being given another "lousy role" after her "wonderful performance" in Jackie Brown (1997). Entertainment Weeklys Owen Gleiberman wrote "Even Snow Days winter wonderland looks fake," and gave it an F grade.

Soundtrack
The film's soundtrack peaked at number 183 on the Billboard 200 chart.

The following songs were included in the film but not featured on the soundtrack:

 * Al Martino – "Love Letters", "Fascination" and "To Each His Own"
 * Irving Berlin – "Heat Wave"
 * Smash Mouth – "Satellite"
 * Ernest Gold – "The Big W"
 * Simon Chardiet – "Drag Blob"
 * The Wiseguys – "Ooh La La"
 * Schuyler Fisk – "It's Not Her"
 * The Brian Setzer Orchestra – "Switchblade 327"

Musical remake
On March 1, 2022, it was announced that a remake of the film had gone into production in Montreal. Reimagined as a musical, it stars Ky Baldwin, Jerry Trainor, Laura Bell Bundy, Rob Huebel, Michaela Russell, Shelby Simmons, and Fabi Aguirre. It was released on Nickelodeon and Paramount+ on December 16 of that same year. In June 2023, the film was removed from the service.

title: Snow Day (2000 film)


text: User talk:67.20.251.30

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:67.20.251.30


text:
Aloba Arch

Aloba Arch is a natural arch located in Chad. Large natural arches are somewhat rare outside the southern and western regions of China and the Colorado Plateau of the southwest United States. Chad's Ennedi Plateau, located within the Sahara Desert in the northeast part of the country near Libya and Sudan has a geology similar to the Colorado Plateau and has produced a number of natural arches and similar landforms, although only Aloba can claim to be on the top ten list of longest arches in the world.

Aloba Arch's span is considered to be the 8th longest known natural arch, and the longest outside of China and Utah. Due in part to its location as well as being only recently recognized for its size, estimates based on photography yield an approximate span of 250 ft. Xianren Bridge (Fairy Bridge) in China has a span of 400 ft which is the longest discovered and measured span to date. Perhaps more striking than the span, however, is the sheer height of the arch. At 394 ft tall, it towers over the more famous Rainbow Bridge and is one of the tallest known arches in the world.

title: Aloba Arch


text:
Edmonton North

Edmonton North was a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1979 to 2004.

Geography
The riding consisted of the northern part of the city of Edmonton, Alberta.

History
It was created in 1976 from parts of Edmonton Centre, Edmonton East, Edmonton West and Pembina ridings.

It was abolished in 2003 when it was redistributed into Edmonton East, Edmonton—Sherwood Park and Edmonton—St. Albert ridings.

Members of Parliament
This riding elected the following members of Parliament:

Election results

 * Liberal
 * Jim Jacuta
 * align="right"|14,786
 * align="right"|34.32%
 * align="right"|
 * align="right"|$28,846
 * New Democratic Party
 * Laurie Lang
 * align="right"|3,216
 * align="right"|7.46%
 * align="right"|
 * align="right"|$815

!align="right" colspan=3|Total valid votes !align="right"|43,075 !align="right"|100.00% !align="right"| !align="right" colspan=3|Total rejected ballots !align="right"|174 !align="right"|0.40% !align="right"| !align="right" colspan=3|Turnout !align="right"|43,249 !align="right"|57.20% !align="right"|
 * Progressive Conservative
 * Dean Sanduga
 * align="right"|3,010
 * align="right"|6.98%
 * align="right"|
 * align="right"|$9,842
 * - bgcolor="white"
 * - bgcolor="white"
 * - bgcolor="white"

 * Liberal
 * Jonathan Murphy
 * align="right"|11,820
 * align="right"|32.47%
 * align="right"|$46,517
 * align="right"|$46,517
 * New Democratic Party
 * Ray Martin
 * align="right"|5,413
 * align="right"|14.87%
 * align="right"|$60,286
 * align="right"|$60,286

 * Progressive Conservative
 * Mitch Panciuk
 * align="right"|2,811
 * align="right"|7.72%
 * align="right"|$51,169
 * align="right"|$51,169

!align="right" colspan=3|Total valid votes !align="right"|36,394 !align="right"|100.00% ! ! !align="right" colspan=3|Total rejected ballots !align="right"|99 !align="right"|0.27% ! ! !align="right" colspan=3|Turnout !align="right"|36,493 !align="right"|55.63% ! !
 * Natural Law
 * Ric Johnsen
 * align="right"|226
 * align="right"|0.62%
 * align="right"|
 * align="right"|
 * - bgcolor="white"
 * - bgcolor="white"
 * - bgcolor="white"

title: Edmonton North


text: Category:Toulouse

title: Category:Toulouse


text:
Emmanuelle Chriqui

Emmanuelle Sophie Anne Chriqui (born 10 December 1975 ) is a Canadian actress. She is known for playing Sloan McQuewick on HBO's Entourage (2004–2011), Claire Bonner in Snow Day (2000), Dalia in You Don't Mess with the Zohan (2008), Lorelei Martins on CBS's The Mentalist (2008–2015), and Lana Lang on The CW's Superman & Lois (2021–present).

Early life
Chriqui was born in Montreal, Quebec, the daughter of Moroccan Jewish parents. Her mother, Liliane, was born in Casablanca, and her father, Albert, in Rabat. Her family practiced Orthodox Judaism.

Chriqui has an older brother, Serge, and an older sister, Laurence. When she was almost two, her family moved to Toronto, Ontario. She grew up in Markham, Ontario, a suburb northeast of the city. Her mother, an aesthetician who once told Emmanuelle she would become an actress, died when Chriqui was sixteen years old.

When Chriqui was a child, her brother began paying for her to take acting classes. She attended the drama program at Unionville High School, after having studied in high school in Paris and having done two years of comedy studies at the Perimony school (Paris, France), she decided to pursue a career in acting.

Career
Chriqui began acting while a 10-year-old in a McDonald's commercial. She moved to Vancouver in the mid-1990s, guest-starring in series such as Are You Afraid of the Dark?, Forever Knight, Once a Thief, and Psi Factor: Chronicles of the Paranormal. Her first Hollywood role was as a supporting character in Detroit Rock City (1999). She had a larger role in Chris Koch's teen comedy Snow Day (2000) portraying Claire Bonner, and then appeared in several other Hollywood films, such as 100 Girls, Wrong Turn, On the Line, and In the Mix. She played Eve in the 2005 comedy National Lampoon's Adam & Eve, and played Adam Sandler's love interest Dalia in the 2008 film You Don't Mess with the Zohan.

Chriqui was nominated for a Best Actress DVD Exclusive Award for her performance in 100 Girls and was nominated, with Lance Bass, for a Choice Liplock Teen Choice Award in On the Line. In April 2008, she won the Standout Performance Trophy at the Young Hollywood Awards.

Chriqui also starred in several music videos including Hinder's "Lips of an Angel", Zac Brown Band's "Whatever It Is", and Charles Perry's "I Could Be the Best Time of Your Life". She threw out the ceremonial first pitch at a Los Angeles Dodgers game on June 8, 2008. Chriqui was on the cover of the Autumn 2008 issue of Naked Eye.

She appeared in the 2008 film Cadillac Records as Revetta Chess, where she performed with Beyoncé Knowles. Chriqui was seen in 2009 as one of several women whose lives interconnect in the comedy Women in Trouble and appeared in its 2010 sequel Elektra Luxx.

From the second season to the end of the show's original run, Chriqui played Sloan McQuewick in the hit HBO series Entourage. She reprised the role for the 2015 film of the show. In 2010, Chriqui joined Showtime's series, The Borgias. She topped AskMen's "Most Desirable Women" list in the same year. She also voiced Cheetara in the ThunderCats 2011 animated series, and Numbers in the Activision video game Call of Duty: Black Ops. In 2019, she played Madison in the Netflix film The Knight Before Christmas, opposite Vanessa Hudgens.

In April 2020, Chriqui was cast as Lana Lang in the CW action-superhero series Superman & Lois, and also portrayed her Bizarro counterpart Lana-Rho in the second season.

Personal life
In September 2017, Chriqui became a U.S. citizen. Chriqui practices Transcendental Meditation.

title: Emmanuelle Chriqui


text:
Liz Cunningham

Elizabeth Anne Cunningham is an Australian politician. She was an independent member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1995 to 2015, representing the electorate of Gladstone. A conservative MLA in a traditionally Labor district, Cunningham is perhaps most well known for having brought Rob Borbidge's Coalition minority government to power in 1996, following the loss of the Mundingburra by-election by the then Goss Labor government.

Early life
Cunningham was involved in local politics prior to entering state politics, serving on the Calliope Shire Council from 1988 to 1995 and serving as its mayor from 1991 to 1995. A social conservative and devout Christian, she ran in the traditionally Labor seat of Gladstone in the 1992 election. She ran an unexpectedly strong campaign on "back to basics" issues, in particular concern about the downgrading of Gladstone Hospital. She narrowly lost to Labor candidate Neil Bennett in 1992, reducing the notional Labor majority from a comfortably safe margin of 12 percent to an extremely marginal two percent.

Balance of power
Cunningham sought a rematch against Bennett in 1995, and defeated him after National preferences flowed overwhelmingly to her. She became the first non-Labor MLA for Gladstone in 63 years, and only the third in 80 years.

Cunningham's victory was especially significant in the light of the extremely close result of the 1995 state election. It initially appeared as if the result would be a hung parliament with Cunningham holding the balance of power, although later counting delivered a one-seat majority to the Goss Labor government. The situation nevertheless gave her significant influence, as she forced the retention of incumbent Speaker Jim Fouras for the new parliament over the party's desired replacement. Her inaugural speech in September 1995 reaffirmed her combined focus on community issues and social policy, criticising the Goss government's transport and health policies, and advocating the reintroduction of corporal punishment, a return to institutionalisation of the mentally ill, and a return to Christian values.

Cunningham's influence in the Assembly increased dramatically in December 1995 when the Court of Disputed Returns ordered a by-election in the seat of Mundingburra, which the Labor government had held by 16 votes in the general election. After a disastrous by-election campaign which included the disendorsement of incumbent MLA Ken Davies, Liberal candidate Frank Tanti won, costing the government its majority and leaving Cunningham in a position to effectively choose the next Premier of Queensland. Cunningham announced that she would support the Coalition on matters of confidence and supply in the Legislative Assembly, citing their having won the popular vote in the general election. Rather than face certain defeat in the legislature, Goss resigned, paving the way for Borbidge to succeed him. She declined an offer from the new government to become Speaker, insisting that it would compromise her ability to represent her electorate.

Throughout her first term, Cunningham generally supported the Coalition government. With her support, Borbidge was able to fend off numerous no-confidence motions and pass most of his major legislative proposals. When the ALP moved against the government over the Carruthers and Connolly-Ryan inquiries, Cunningham helped block a no-confidence motion in the government and, although she moved a motion against Attorney-General Denver Beanland, insisted that she did not demand his resignation. This resulted in criticism from some quarters that she was effectively another National MP.

She nevertheless insisted that the government consult with her on most legislation, including budgets and, she was also able to exercise significant power. This was made clear in 1996, when she watered down the government's workplace compensation reforms, despite strong government resistance, so as to retain access to the common law for injured workers, and workers compensation for travel to and from work, among other things. As a generally conservative MP, Cunningham became known for her opposition to abortion and her support of capital punishment. In 1996, she was the only member of the parliament to oppose new gun control reforms in the aftermath of the Port Arthur massacre, which otherwise received bipartisan support. The following year, Cunningham was responsible for an amendment which successfully defined the term "life" in the state's criminal code (assault provisions) as "beginning at conception".

Later parliamentary career
Cunningham increased her primary vote at the 1998 state election, but her political influence severely declined when Peter Beattie formed an ALP government with the support of newly elected independent Peter Wellington. Taking a similar line to the state National Party, Cunningham noted in the lead-up to the election that she would be willing to work with any members of the far-right One Nation party if they were elected. She held her seat with an increased majority at the 2001 election even as Labor won its biggest victory ever in Queensland. She actually won enough primary votes to clinch reelection without the need for preferences.

In April 2002, Cunningham was stopped by police while driving and asked to undergo a breath test. She refused on the grounds of suffering asthma, and was subsequently charged. After receiving little sympathy from Premier Beattie, she was fined and had her driving license suspended. Her third term was also marked by an attempt to ban flag-burning, which failed after the government blocked her private member's bill on the grounds that it violated free speech. Her call for a Commission of Inquiry into child sexual abuse in foster care also failed due to opposition from the government. She received her highest primary vote yet at the 2004 election, again with enough votes to win without going to preferences.

Cunningham was nominated for Speaker after the election, with the support of the opposition National–Liberal coalition, One Nation, and the state's six independents, but was soundly defeated by government nominee Ray Hollis. She raised allegations of bullying against the management of the Gladstone Hospital in 2005, going to Rockhampton to testify before the Forster Review of the state's health system.

Cunningham was a strong favourite to retain her seat at the 2006 state election, which she held coming into the election by a margin of 11.2 points. However, after a strong local Labor campaign focusing on Cunningham's perceived support for controversial federal industrial relations laws, she came close to defeat, with her eventual victory over Labor candidate Chris Trevor being one of the last results declared of the election. During the next parliament, she voted against the cloning of embryos for stem cell research.

Cunningham once again retained her seat in the 2009 state election, despite a 4-point swing to Labor, and she was easily re-elected at the 2012 state election, achieving a swing of 8 points towards her after preferences were distributed.

In early 2015, Cunningham confirmed she would retire after the 2015 state election. Despite Cunningham's popularity, Gladstone remained a Labor stronghold at nearly all levels, and it was taken for granted that her seat would revert to Labor once she retired. Most calculations during her tenure showed that Gladstone was a safe Labor seat in "traditional" two-party matchups. These predictions proved correct, as her 2012 opponent, Glenn Butcher, won the seat resoundingly and has easily held the seat ever since.

title: Liz Cunningham


text:
Walliser

Walliser may refer to:
 * people from the Swiss canton of Valais (German: Wallis)
 * Pennine Alps (German: Walliser Alpen)
 * Walliser German, an Alemannic dialect spoken in Valais and other regions of the Alps
 * Cole Walliser (born 1981), a Canadian filmmaker and music video director
 * Maria Walliser (born 1963), a Swiss former alpine skier
 * Ursi Walliser (born 1975), a Swiss skeleton racer

title: Walliser


text:
Daniel Frohman

Daniel Frohman (August 22, 1851 – December 26, 1940) was an American theatrical producer and manager, and an early film producer.

Biography
Frohman was born to a Jewish family in Sandusky, Ohio. His parents were Henry (1826–1899) and Barbara (Babelle) Straus (1828–1891) Frohman. In his younger days he worked as a clerk at the New York Tribune, and while there witnessed the fatal shooting of the reporter Albert Deane Richardson by Daniel McFarland on November 25, 1869, and was a witness at McFarland's murder trial.

With his brothers Charles and Gustave Frohman, he helped to develop a system of road companies that would tour the nation while the show also played in New York City. The three brothers worked together at the Madison Square Theatre in the early 1880s. Daniel was the producer-manager of the old and new Lyceum Theatres and the Lyceum stock company from 1886 to 1909. During this period he launched careers for such actors as E. H. Sothern, Henry Miller, William Faversham, Maude Adams, Richard Mansfield and James Keteltas Hackett.

Daniel Frohman was married to Broadway actress Margaret Illington from 1903 to 1909. Illington later married Major Bowes.

Frohman became involved in the motion picture business as a partner and producer with Adolph Zukor in the Famous Players Film Company. He worked from offices on West 26th Street in New York City; between 1913 and 1917 he was part of the production of more than seventy films.

Frohman died at LeRoy Sanitarium in New York on December 26, 1940. He was buried in the Union Field Cemetery in Queens, near his brother Charles, who had died in 1915 in the sinking of the RMS Lusitania.

Selected filmography

 * The Prisoner of Zenda (1915)

title: Daniel Frohman


text:
Han Dongfang

Han Dongfang (born 1963) is a Chinese advocate for workers' rights.

Han was born in the impoverished village of Nanweiquan in Shanxi and first came to international prominence as a railway worker in Beijing. He helped set up the Beijing Workers’ Autonomous Federation (BWAF) during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. The BWAF was the People's Republic of China's first independent trade union, established as an alternative to the Party-controlled All-China Federation of Trade Unions.

The BWAF was disbanded after the June 4 crackdown, and Han was placed at the top of the Chinese government’s most-wanted list. He turned himself in to the police and was imprisoned for 22 months without trial until he contracted tuberculosis in prison and was released in April 1991. He spent a year in the U.S. undergoing medical treatment before returning to China in August 1993. On his return, he was arrested in Guangzhou and expelled to Hong Kong, where he still lives today.

In 1994, he established China Labour Bulletin, a Hong Kong-based non-governmental organization that seeks to uphold and defend the rights of workers across China.

In addition to his work at CLB, Han conducts regular interviews with workers and peasants across China on Radio Free Asia. These interviews give insight into lives of workers in China and are broadcast three times weekly on shortwave radio.

Education and work
Han graduated high school in Beijing but did not attend college or university. Despite this, he was an avid reader of everything from Greek to Chinese classics and worked as an assistant librarian at Beijing Normal University. In 1983, attracted by higher wages, Han began a job at the Fengtai Locomotive Maintenance Section in Beijing. While working there his feelings about workers' rights were emboldened, as he saw China's "savage" economic policies had a lack for regard for China's "society and environment." Because of this, Han believed that workers needed to protect and represent their own interests, which most likely served as a key incentive for him to join the BWAF.

Public Security Soldiers Corps
In 1980, Han decided to join the Gong An Bing, or Public Security Soldiers Corps. After going through basic training at the Qinghe prison labor camp, he was given command of a squad consisting of 12 men. During an annual review of the camp, he claimed that officers were stealing a third of the food rations from his men, and that his men were also being beaten and abused. Han claimed that these acts were in violation of Chairman Mao's teachings that officers and soldiers should share good and bad fortunes and be treated as equals. Han's application to join the Communist Party was allegedly destroyed by a battalion commandant the following day.

Tiananmen Square
On April 17, 1989, Han gave a speech at the Tiananmen Square protests that praised the moral courage of the students at the Square and advocated for the protection and constitutional right for Chinese workers to freely organize. During this speech, he also focused his attention towards the People's Liberation Army, claiming that the army and the people "are like fish and water" and should not antagonize or attack one another. While it was considered normal for many workers to hide their identities in the early stages of the protests, Han gave his name freely to those who asked. He said he did this because he felt like he needed to set an example and encourage others to own their words and be prepared to "face the consequences" for what they said. He made more impromptu speeches throughout the movement, often accompanied by his wife Chen Jingyun.

Despite Han's speeches and fervor for the movement, many student protesters at Tiananmen Square were apprehensive and questioned whether or not workers should be welcome or permitted into the Tiananmen protests. Many of the student leaders, particularly the security members, were concerned about the movement being infiltrated by government agents or police who would purposefully provoke violence or "hooliganism." Likewise, many students felt that the movement needed to remain solely run by students to avoid giving the government grounds for accusing them of trying to start a revolution.

Beijing Workers' Autonomous Federation
Han joined the movement and became a leader within BWAF when its membership numbered just a few hundred. Han and Li Jinjin wrote appeals for workers and students to join together in the Tiananmen protests. The BWAF tried to read some of these documents on the student owned loudspeakers in Tiananmen Square, but were turned down by the students. Undeterred, the BWAF pooled their money together and bought their own hand cranked system to use as a loudspeaker.

Han said that he saw the BWAF as an opportunity to educate workers about China's constitution and how much of their rights were not put into practice. He did not have much faith that the BWAF or the Tiananmen Protests would survive very long, but he felt that the BWAF was important since its legacy would live on through the workers who would be educated about China's constitution.

Han's arrest after Tiananmen protests
After finding out he was at the top of the most wanted list, Han wanted to avoid the "humiliation" of being tracked down the police and turned himself in to "straighten out" the police and tell them what really happened at the protests. He then spent 22 months in prison, where he often debated with interrogators and prison guards about the formation of the Tiananmen protests, particularly about the protests’ spontaneous rather than planned nature. He was freed in 1992 after an international campaign pressured the Chinese government to release him to the United States for treatment of tuberculosis, which he contracted while imprisoned. Han then attempted to travel back to China but was expelled to Hong Kong, where he founded the China Labor Bulletin.

Awards

 * 1993 Democracy Award
 * 1996 Bremen Solidarity Prize
 * 2005 Gleitsman International Activist Award

Video external links

 * Han Dongfang's Youtube page – videos of Han's call-in program with Radio Free Asia (Mandarin language)
 * Social Justice and Harmony in China: Trade Union Movement – talk by Han to UCLA International Institute on June 2, 2005
 * When will we have Free Unions in China? – online video of speech given in February 2007 in Montreal
 * Speech by Han on unions to SEIU United Healthcare Workers-West on March 8, 2008

title: Han Dongfang


text:
Marissa Ribisi

Marissa Ribisi (born December 17, 1974) is an American actress. She has appeared in the films Dazed and Confused (1993), The Brady Bunch Movie (1995), Pleasantville (1998), True Crime (1999), and Don's Plum (2001) and television shows such as Felicity, Friends, Grace Under Fire, Watching Ellie, and Tales of the City. She is the twin sister of actor Giovanni Ribisi.

Early life
Ribisi began acting when she was nine years old. Her twin brother, Giovanni, is also an actor. Like her brother, she is a Scientologist.

Career
Ribisi first appeared on television in 1988, playing a minor red-haired character, possibly because she's a natural redhead, named Ginger in "She'll Get Over It", an episode of My Two Dads. This was followed by similar brief appearances in Baywatch ("Old Friends" 1990), DEA (1991), and the miniseries Tales of the City (1993), playing a receptionist.

Ribisi's first role in a feature film was in the 1993 film Dazed and Confused. She starred alongside Matthew McConaughey and Adam Goldberg, who were then, like Ribisi, unknowns. The actress played Cynthia, a socially marginalized girl who runs with two verbose outsiders (Goldberg and Anthony Rapp).

In 1998, Ribisi cowrote the film Some Girl and starred in it alongside Juliette Lewis, Michael Rapaport, and Giovanni Ribisi. The film, directed by Rory Kelly, relates the story of insecure young women searching for long-term relationships in 1990s Los Angeles. She has had roles in the films True Crime, The Brady Bunch Movie, Pleasantville, and Don's Plum. She has also appeared in television shows such as Felicity, Friends, Grace Under Fire, and Watching Ellie, as well as the TV miniseries Tales of the City.

She also appeared on the short-lived TV series Grown Ups from 1999 to 2000. In 2001 she played the role of Dora in the movie 100 Girls. In October 2007, Ribisi launched a fashion line, Whitley Kros, with partner Sophia Banks.

Personal life
Ribisi married musician and recording artist Beck in April 2004, shortly before giving birth to their son, Cosimo Henri. The couple's second child, daughter Tuesday, was born in 2007. On February 15, 2019, Beck filed for divorce from Ribisi after nearly 15 years of marriage. Their divorce was finalized on September 3, 2021.

title: Marissa Ribisi


text:
User talk:Jaideek27

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Feco 07:33, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
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Creating Articles
Good work creating new articles. When you create things, it helps tremendously to assign them to an accurate category (see WP:CG for info). If you're really not sure about categories, at least assign your new articles a stub category (see WP:SC for info). By assigning a category, you help make sure your new articles don't get lost as 'orphans' that are not associated with related topics. Feco 07:34, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Copyright Policy
Good work creating new articles and contributing to exisiting ones. When you make contributions, be careful that you don't include copyrighted material. Copyright rules are complicated, so take some time to review Copyrights. A good general rule is that most things on the internet are already copyrighted by someone else, so they cannot be contributed to wikipedia. Again, content from webpages is usually copyrighted and cannot be added to wiki. Keep up the good work, and feel free to contact me with questions. Feco 07:34, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jaideek27


text:
Justice Harlan

Justice Harlan may refer to one of three Associate Justices of the United States Supreme Court:
 * John Marshall Harlan (1833–1911)
 * John Marshall Harlan II (1899–1971), grandson of the pre-World War I Justice Harlan
 * Harlan F. Stone (1872–1946), though he is more correctly referred to by last name as Justice Stone

title: Justice Harlan


text:
Rockingham Castle

Rockingham Castle is a former royal castle and hunting lodge in Rockingham Forest, approximately two miles north from the town centre of Corby, Northamptonshire, England.

11th – 14th centuries
The site on which the castle stands was used in the Iron Age, in the Roman period, by the Saxons, Normans, Tudors and also in the medieval period. This is because its position on elevated ground provides clear views of the Welland Valley from a strong defensible location.

William the Conqueror ordered the construction of a wooden Motte and Bailey at Rockingham in the 11th century shortly after the Norman conquest of England. Within three decades, William II replaced it with a stone castle. A stone keep was added to the large motte and the outer bailey was enclosed by a curtain wall. The castle was then used as a royal retreat throughout the Norman and Plantagenet periods. Nearby Rockingham Forest was especially good for hunting wild boar and deer.

A church/state council was held at the castle in 1095 to address the issue of episcopal appointments. It was attended by William II and Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, but failed to reach a resolution.

In 1270 Henry III strengthened the castle with the addition of a twin D-tower gatehouse. But less than a century later Edward III became the last monarch to visit the castle while it was possessed by the Crown.

15th – 21st centuries
By the late 15th century Rockingham Castle had fallen into disrepair. Sir Edward Watson, founder of the Watson dynasty, acquired the lease of the castle from Henry VIII. Parts of the castle were later replaced with a Tudor house with gardens. The former royal castle became a hunting lodge for the nobility. Watson's grandson Lewis Watson acquired the freehold of the castle and lands from the Crown. Watson was successively a knight, baronet and baron.

In the 1640s, during the English Civil War, Rockingham was garrisoned by royalist troops. They fought several small skirmishes with Parliamentary forces. In 1643 Rockingham was captured by Parliamentarian general Henry Grey, 1st Earl of Stamford and Lewis Watson was temporarily forced to leave. Its remaining walls were slighted in 1646. In the latter 17th and 18th centuries, Rockingham returned to being a civil residence.

Lewis' grandson, also Lewis, already Baron Rockingham, was created Earl of Rockingham and Viscount Sondes in 1714. He had inherited Lees Court, in 1709 on the death without issue of his brother in law Louis De Duras 2nd Earl of Ferversham, The earldom was extinguished with the death of the 5th baron (3rd earl) in 1746. While the Barony of Rockingham passed to another cousin, Thomas Watson-Wentworth, who was created Marquess of Rockingham later that year, The Rockingham estate along with Lees Court, Sheldwich then passed to his cousin Lewis Monson, who changed his name to Watson and later became in 1760 Baron Sondes of Lees Court. Lees Court was a modern house having been rebuilt in the mid 16th Century by George Sondes 1st Earl of Feversham and it became the principal family seat, meaning that Rockingham Castle remained unaltered during this period. Both estates descended via the 2nd and 3rd Barons Sondes, until the later's death. He was Lewis Richard Watson who died unmarried in 1836. At this point the estates of Rockingham Castle and Lees Court diverged, Lees Court remained with the Baron Sondes line and passed to Lewis Richard's brother George John Watson 4th Baron Sondes, However, from the 3rd Baron Sondes, Rockingham Castle passed firstly to his younger brother The Rev. Henry Watson and then another brother Richard Watson. The castle was inherited by successively by the sons of Richard Watson, George Lewis Watson (d.1899) and Rev Wentworth Watson, on whose death in 1925 the estate passed to his great nephew Sir Michael Culme-Seymour, 5th Baronet in 1925. He lived here with his wife, Lady Mary Faith Montagu, a daughter of the 9th Earl of Sandwich, until 1967, when he transferred it to his nephew, Commander Michael Saunders Watson CBE, chairman of the British Library.

Today the mainstay of the castle is the home of the Saunders-Watson family led by James Saunders Watson, the son of Michael Saunders, who achieved £4,000,000 in revenue from its events and rentals in 2017. He served as High Sheriff of Northamptonshire for 2018/19.

Description
The castle has a strong gatehouse, which is to be expected for castles of its time. There are two large semicircular towers, protruding from the castle wall, located on either side of the gate. These are also known as D-towers. This gatehouse is on the east side of the structure, facing almost entirely towards the field. The plan of the castle is a typical rectangular shape, with a passage through the center of the structure. This passage is entered through a porch beneath a drop arch, and was guarded by a portcullis in front of a wooden door. Another door is located at the end of the passage. Along the sides of the passage are openings, leading to rectangular chambers. In the east walls of these were the doorways two the semicircular chambers of the towers. The gatehouse and its towers have only two floors. This design is reminiscent of the rectangular stone gatehouse of the early Norman castle. The remainder of the castle is contained by stone walls. Within this castle are many halls, units of housing, and other buildings.

Location
The parish borders directly onto the town of Corby. Rockingham (and Corby) are part of North Northamptonshire, part of the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire.

The castle overlooks the villages of Rockingham and Caldecott, and has views over the Welland Valley. Privately owned, it is open to the public for events and on certain days.

The place was visited by writer Charles Dickens, who was a friend of Richard and Lavinia Watson, ancestors of the current family. The castle is arguably the inspiration for Chesney Wold in Dickens' novel Bleak House, published in 1853.

The castle takes its name from the manor of Rockingham, which was the only manor of the parish which in turn had markedly few churchlands, especially as is common after the dissolution of the monasteries. Rockingham Forest was, largely outside of the parish, named after the place during the time of William the Conqueror because of the castle's importance as a royal retreat.

A cricket pitch lies within the grounds and is home to Old Eastonians Cricket Club.

Filming
Rockingham Castle was used as a principal setting for the BBC English Civil War period drama By the Sword Divided. In the TV series, "Arnescote Castle" was the home of the Royalist Lacey family. The castle also featured in the film Top Secret!, which starred Val Kilmer.

title: Rockingham Castle


text: User talk:203.87.4.162

title: User talk:203.87.4.162


text:
Marc Lawrence

Marc Lawrence (born Max Goldsmith; February 17, 1910 – November 28, 2005) was an American character actor who specialized in underworld types. He has also been credited as F. A. Foss, Marc Laurence and Marc C. Lawrence.

Early life
Lawrence was born in New York City, the son of a Polish Jewish mother, Minerva Norma (née Sugarman), and a Russian Jewish father, Israel Simon Goldsmith. He participated in plays in school, then attended the City College of New York. In 1930, he received a two-year scholarship to the repertory theater operated by Eva Le Gallienne.

Career
Lawrence's film debut came in 1933.

Lawrence's pock-marked complexion, brooding appearance and New York street-guy accent made him a natural for heavies, and he played scores of gangsters and mob bosses over the next six decades. He had become so familiar in the niche that Lawrence was once informed by studio executive Harry Cohn that infamous mobster Johnny Roselli called Lawrence "the best hood in films." Lawrence himself concurred that many Italian hoods told him he played them better than anyone else.

Later, Lawrence found himself under scrutiny for his political leanings. When called before the House Un-American Activities Committee, he admitted he had once been a member of the Communist Party. He named Sterling Hayden, Lionel Stander, Anne Revere, Larry Parks, Karen Morley and Jeff Corey as Communists. He departed for Europe, where he continued to make films.

Following the demise of the blacklist, he returned to America and resumed his position as a familiar and talented purveyor of gangland types. He played gangsters in two James Bond movies: 1971's Diamonds Are Forever opposite Sean Connery, and 1974's The Man with the Golden Gun opposite Roger Moore. He also portrayed a henchman opposite Laurence Olivier in Marathon Man (1976) and a stereotypical Miami mob boss alongside Jerry Reed and Dom DeLuise in the comedy Hot Stuff (1979).

Lawrence played Volnoth, a member of the Gatherers, in the 1989 Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "The Vengeance Factor". He subsequently returned to the Star Trek franchise when he played Mr. Zeemo in the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode "Badda-Bing Badda-Bang", which aired in February 1999.

He played the elderly motel owner in From Dusk Till Dawn. His final film role was in Looney Tunes Back in Action (2003), appearing as an Acme Corporation vice president.

Lawrence directed Nightmare in the Sun (1965) and Pigs (1973).

Books
In 1991 Lawrence's autobiography was published entitled Long Time No See: Confessions of a Hollywood Gangster (ISBN 0-9636700-0-X). Lawrence was also the subject of a novel, The Beautiful and the Profane (ISBN 978-1-4107-0292-0) (published in 2002).

Personal life
In 1942, he married Fanya Foss, a Ukrainian-American screenwriter and had 2 children. She died in 1995. His daughter Toni was married to Billy Bob Thornton from 1986 to 1988. In 2003, at the age of 93, Lawrence remarried Alicia, a Mexican woman. He lived in Palm Springs, California.

Death
After having been hospitalized for over a week after an illness, Lawrence died on November 28, 2005 at his home at the age of 95.

Selected filmography

 * 1932 If I Had a Million as Henchman of Mike The Gangster (uncredited)
 * 1933 Gambling Ship as Hood (uncredited)
 * 1933 Her First Mate as Orderly With Message (uncredited)
 * 1933 Lady for a Day as Nick, Mug At Reception (uncredited)
 * 1933 White Woman as Connors
 * 1934 Straight Is the Way as Monk's Henchmen (uncredited)
 * 1934 Death on the Diamond as Bookies' Doorman (uncredited)
 * 1934 Million Dollar Baby as Gangster
 * 1935 G Men as Gangster Killed At Lodge (uncredited)
 * 1935 Go Into Your Dance as Eddie Logan (uncredited)
 * 1935 Strangers All as Communist Meeting Chairman (uncredited)
 * 1935 Men of the Hour as Joe
 * 1935 The Arizonian as Henchman Who Pistol-Whipped Clay (uncredited)
 * 1935 Don't Bet on Blondes as Gangster #6 (uncredited)
 * 1935 After the Dance as Tom, Prisoner (uncredited)
 * 1935 Little Big Shot as Doré's Henchman
 * 1935 Dr. Socrates as "Lefty" Croger, Gangster (uncredited)
 * 1935 Three Kids and a Queen as Gangster (uncredited)
 * 1936 Road Gang as Pete, Friendly Convict
 * 1936 Don't Gamble with Love as Gambler (uncredited)
 * 1936 Love on a Bet as County Fair Barker (uncredited)
 * 1936 Robin Hood of El Dorado as Manuel (uncredited)
 * 1936 Desire as Charles, The Valet (uncredited)
 * 1936 Under Two Flags as Grivon (uncredited)
 * 1936 Counterfeit as "Dint" Coleman
 * 1936 Trapped by Television as Frank Griffin (uncredited)
 * 1936 The Final Hour as Mike Magellon
 * 1936 Blackmailer as "Pinky" (uncredited)
 * 1936 The Cowboy Star as Johnny Sampson
 * 1936 Charlie Chan at the Opera as Unknown Role (uncredited)
 * 1936 Night Waitress as Dorn, The Henchman
 * 1937 Racketeers in Exile as "Blackie" White
 * 1937 Motor Madness as Gus Slater
 * 1937 I Promise to Pay as "Whitehat", The Henchman
 * 1937 Criminals of the Air as "Blast" Reardon
 * 1937 San Quentin as Venetti
 * 1937 What Price Vengeance? as Pete Brower
 * 1937 It Can't Last Forever as Hoodlum (uncredited)
 * 1937 A Dangerous Adventure as Calkins
 * 1937 Charlie Chan on Broadway as Thomas Mitchell
 * 1937 Life Begins with Love as Pearson (uncredited)
 * 1937 Counsel for Crime as Edwin Mitchell
 * 1937 Murder in Greenwich Village as "Rusty" Morgan
 * 1937 The Shadow as "Kid" Crow
 * 1938 Penitentiary as Jack Hawkins (uncredited)
 * 1938 Who Killed Gail Preston? as Frank Daniels
 * 1938 Squadron of Honor as Lawlor
 * 1938 Convicted as Milton Militis
 * 1938 I Am the Law as Eddie Girard
 * 1938 The Spider's Web (Serial) as Steve Harmon
 * 1938 Adventure in Sahara as Poule
 * 1938 While New York Sleeps as "Happy" Nelson
 * 1938 Charlie Chan in Honolulu as Johnny McCoy
 * 1939 Homicide Bureau as Chuck Brown
 * 1939 There's That Woman Again as Stevens (uncredited)
 * 1939 The Lone Wolf Spy Hunt as The Henchman In Trenchcoat (uncredited)
 * 1939 Sergeant Madden as "Piggy" Ceders
 * 1939 Romance of the Redwoods as Joe
 * 1939 Code of the Streets as Denver Collins / Halstead, The Henchman
 * 1939 Blind Alley as Buck
 * 1939 Ex-Champ as Bill Crosley, Olsen's Manager
 * 1939 S.O.S. Tidal Wave as Melvin Sutter
 * 1939 Dust Be My Destiny as Venetti
 * 1939 Beware Spooks! as "Slick" Eastman
 * 1939 The Housekeeper's Daughter as Floyd
 * 1939 Invisible Stripes as "Lefty" Sloan
 * 1940 Johnny Apollo as Bates
 * 1940 Love, Honor and Oh-Baby! as Tony Luffo
 * 1940 The Man Who Talked Too Much as "Lefty" Kyler
 * 1940 The Golden Fleecing as "Happy" Dugan
 * 1940 Brigham Young as Prosecutor
 * 1940 The Great Profile as Tony
 * 1940 Charlie Chan at the Wax Museum as Steve McBirney
 * 1941 Tall, Dark and Handsome as Louie
 * 1941 The Monster and the Girl as "Sleeper"
 * 1941 The Man Who Lost Himself as Frank DeSoto
 * 1941 Blossoms in the Dust as LaVerne
 * 1941 The Shepherd of the Hills as Pete Matthews
 * 1941 Lady Scarface as "Lefty" Landers
 * 1941 Hold That Ghost as Charlie Smith
 * 1941 A Dangerous Game as Joe
 * 1941 Sundown as Abdi Hammud
 * 1941 Public Enemies as Mike
 * 1942 Nazi Agent as Joe Aiello
 * 1942 Yokel Boy as "Trigger", The Henchman
 * 1942 This Gun for Hire as Tommy
 * 1942 Call of the Canyon as Horace Dunston
 * 1942 Eyes of the Underworld as Gordon Finch
 * 1942 'Neath Brooklyn Bridge as McGaffey
 * 1943 Calaboose as "Sluggsy" Baker
 * 1943 Submarine Alert as Vincent Bela
 * 1943 The Ox-Bow Incident as Jeff Farnley
 * 1943 Hit the Ice as Phil
 * 1944 Tampico as Valdez
 * 1944 Rainbow Island as Alcoa
 * 1944 The Princess and the Pirate as Pedro
 * 1945 Dillinger as "Doc" Madison
 * 1945 Flame of Barbary Coast as Joe Disko
 * 1945 Don't Fence Me In as Clifford Anson
 * 1945 Club Havana as Joe Reed
 * 1945 Life with Blondie as Pete, Blackie's Henchman
 * 1946 Blonde Alibi as Joe DeRita
 * 1946 The Virginian as Pete
 * 1946 Inside Job as Donovan
 * 1946 Cloak and Dagger as Luigi
 * 1947 Yankee Fakir as Duke
 * 1947 Joe Palooka in the Knockout as John Mitchell
 * 1947 Unconquered as Sioto, The Medicine Man
 * 1947 Captain from Castile as Corio
 * 1948 I Walk Alone as Nick Palestro
 * 1948 Key Largo as "Ziggy"
 * 1948 Out of the Storm as "Red" Stubbins
 * 1949 Jigsaw as Angelo Agostini
 * 1949 Calamity Jane and Sam Bass as Harry Dean
 * 1949 Tough Assignment as Vince
 * 1950 Black Hand as Caesar Xavier Serpi
 * 1950 The Asphalt Jungle as Cobby
 * 1950 The Desert Hawk as Samad
 * 1950 Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion as Frankie, The Loan Shark
 * 1951 Hurricane Island as Angus MacReady (uncredited)
 * 1951 My Favorite Spy as Ben Ali
 * 1952 Torment of the Past as Andrea Rossi
 * 1952 Girls Marked Danger as Manchedi
 * 1952 The Three Pirates as Van Gould
 * 1952 Brothers of Italy as Il Capitano March, Un Ufficiale Austriaco
 * 1953 Jolanda, the Daughter of the Black Corsair as Van Gould
 * 1953 Noi peccatori as Camillo
 * 1953 Legione straniera as Sergeant Schwartz
 * 1953 Funniest Show on Earth as Il Proprietario Del Circo
 * 1954 Vacation with a Gangster as Jack Mariotti
 * 1954 Tragic Ballad as Felipe Alvaro
 * 1955 New Moon as Pierre
 * 1955 Suor Maria as Don Mario, Proprietario Del Night Club
 * 1955 La catena dell'odio as Braschi
 * 1956 Helen of Troy as Diomedes
 * 1957 Kill Her Gently as William Connors
 * 1963 Johnny Cool as Johnny Colini
 * 1966 Due mafiosi contro Al Capone as Joe Minasi
 * 1966 Johnny Tiger as William Billie
 * 1966 Savage Pampas as Sergeant Barril
 * 1966 7 monaci d'oro as "Lucky" Marciano, Capo Da Banda
 * 1967 Du mou dans la gâchette as Magnum
 * 1967 Custer of the West as Gold Miner
 * 1968 Kong Island as Albert Muller
 * 1969 Krakatoa, East of Java as Jacobs
 * 1970 The Kremlin Letter as The Priest
 * 1970 Dream No Evil as The Undertaker
 * 1971 Diamonds Are Forever as Slumber Inc. Attendant
 * 1972 In Pursuit of Treasure
 * 1972 Daddy's Deadly Darling as Zambrini
 * 1973 Frasier, the Sensuous Lion as Chiarelli
 * 1974 The Man with the Golden Gun as Rodney
 * 1976 Marathon Man as Erhard
 * 1977 A Piece of the Action as Louie
 * 1978 Foul Play as Stiltskin
 * 1978 Goin' Coconuts as Webster
 * 1979 Hot Stuff as Carmine
 * 1979 Swap Meet as Mr. Booth
 * 1980 Super Fuzz as "Torpedo"
 * 1980 Cataclysm as Abraham Weiss / Dieter
 * 1982 Cat and Dog as Don Salvatore Licuti
 * 1985 Night Train to Terror as Mr. Weiss / Dieter (segment "The Case of Claire Hansen")
 * 1986 The Big Easy as Vinnie "The Cannon" DiMotti
 * 1989 Blood Red as Michael Fazio
 * 1992 Ruby as Santos Alicante
 * 1992 Newsies as Kloppman
 * 1995 Four Rooms as Sam, The Bellhop
 * 1996 From Dusk till Dawn as Old Timer Motel Owner
 * 1996 Gotti as Carlo "Don Carlo" Gambino
 * 1999 End of Days as Old Man
 * 2001 The Shipping News as Cousin Nolan
 * 2003 Looney Tunes: Back in Action as Acme VP, Stating The Obvious (final film role)

title: Marc Lawrence


text:
Justice Johnson

Justice Johnson may refer to:

 * United States Supreme Court
 * Thomas Johnson (judge) (1732–1819), associate justice of the United States Supreme Court
 * William Johnson (judge) (1771–1834), associate justice of the United States Supreme Court

 * United States state supreme courts
 * Alexander S. Johnson (1817–1878), chief judge of the New York Court of Appeals
 * Benjamin Johnson (Rhode Island judge) (1749–1814), associate justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court
 * Benjamin A. Johnson (1887–1943), associate justice of the Maryland Court of Appeals
 * Bernette Joshua Johnson (born 1943), chief justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court
 * Byron J. Johnson (1937–2012), associate justice of the Idaho Supreme Court
 * Cecil E. Johnson (1888–1955), associate justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court
 * Charles W. Johnson (jurist) (born 1951), associate chief justice of the Washington Supreme Court
 * Clarke Howard Johnson (1851–1930), associate justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court
 * David Johnson (Michigan jurist) (1809–1886), associate justice of the Michigan Supreme Court
 * Denise R. Johnson (born 1947), associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court
 * Howard A. Johnson (1893–1974), associate justice of the Montana Supreme Court
 * J. Mercer Johnson (1906–1988), associate justice of the Arizona Supreme Court
 * J. Neely Johnson (1825–1872), justice of the Nevada Supreme Court from 1867 to 1871
 * J. Philip Johnson (born 1938), justice of the North Dakota Supreme Court from 1974 to 1975 and again in 1992
 * James D. Johnson (1924–2010), associate justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court
 * James G. Johnson (1855–1936), associate justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio
 * James M. Johnson (judge) (fl. 1970s–2010s), associate justice of the Washington Supreme Court
 * Jefferson D. Johnson Jr. (1900–1960), associate justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court
 * John Johnson Sr. (1770–1824), judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals
 * John Johnson (Indiana judge) (1776–1817), associate justice of the Indiana Supreme Court Justices
 * John T. Johnson (Oklahoma judge) (1856–1935), associate justice of the Oklahoma Supreme Court
 * Lee A. Johnson (born 1947), associate justice of the Kansas Supreme Court
 * Nels Johnson (judge) (1896–1958), associate justice of the North Dakota Supreme Court
 * Okey Johnson (1834–1903), associate justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia
 * Phil Johnson (judge) (born 1944), associate justice of the Supreme Court of Texas
 * Sveinbjorn Johnson (1883–1946), associate justice of the North Dakota Supreme Court
 * Thomas Johnson (Arkansas judge) (1808–1878), chief justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court
 * William Samuel Johnson (1727–1819), member of the colonial Connecticut Supreme Court 1772–1774
 * William Wartenbee Johnson (1826–1887), associate justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio

title: Justice Johnson


text:
Nanika

Nanika is an ukagaka developed by Sagawa Toyoaki, a Japanese programmer.

Nanika is composed of three parts: 'materia', which is the basic foundation of Nanika system; 'shell', which can be described as a skin; 'ghost', which is a pseudo-AI engine.

Nanika is heavily influenced by Japanese anime, such as Kanon and Ghost in the Shell.

Nanika can: check e-mail, set computer time, watch for website headlines, sing along MP3 files, use a plug-in to enhance its ability, learn words, 'talk' using pseudo-AI engine, and more.

title: Nanika


text:
Henry Miller (actor)

Henry Miller (February 1, 1859 – April 9, 1926) was an English-born American actor, director, theatrical producer and manager.

Born as John Pegge in London, Miller's parents immigrated to Canada where he started acting as a juvenile. He first performed at the Grand Opera House in Toronto in 1878. He played juvenile roles in the Helena Modjeska company and performed with Ada Cavendish in the Adelaide Neilson company. He joined the Augustin Daly company to play in Odette opposite Bijou Heron. They were married February 1, 1883 in New York.

The following season, joined the Madison Square Theatre Company (Broadway theatre in New York City) where he starred with Minnie Maddern Fiske, Agnes Booth and Dion Boucicault. He was one of the original members of the Lyceum Theatre company. He became the leading man in Charles Frohman's stock company in New York City's Empire Theatre in 1893. He performed the starring role in Heartsease with the A. M. Palmer company in Chicago. He made a name for himself touring with Margaret Anglin in William Vaughn Moody's play, The Great Divide.

After 1908, Miller began working as a manager and was responsible for launching the acting careers of Alla Nazimova, Walter Hampden, Laura Hope Crews and Ruth Chatterton. With the backing of Elizabeth Milbank Anderson, who owned the lot at 124 West 43rd Street, he also built and operated Henry Miller's Theatre in New York.

The Millers had three children: Gilbert Miller who would become a major producer on Broadway and in the West End, actor Henry, Jr. (aka Jack Miller, Rube Miller(in silent films)..), and actress, Agnes Miller, who married and divorced actor Tim McCoy.

title: Henry Miller (actor)


text:
212th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)

The 212th Infantry Division was a German infantry division that fought in World War II. It was destroyed in Lithuania, and reconstituted as the 578th Volksgrenadier Division before being renamed the 212th Volksgrenadier Division.

212th Infantry Division
The 212th Infantry Division was raised on 26 August 1939 and remained on garrison duty in Germany until March 1941, when it spent three months as a coastal defense unit along the English Channel. In November 1941 it was transferred to the Eastern Front where it joined Army Group North near Leningrad and along the Volkhov Front. It continued with Army Group North until the summer of 1944, when it had been pushed back to Lithuania and was transferred to the control of Army Group Center. The division was destroyed there between August and September.

578th Volksgrenadier Division
The survivors of the destroyed division were immediately reconstituted as the 578th Volksgrenadier Division, which was renamed as 212th Volksgrenadier Division almost as soon as it had been formed.

212th Volksgrenadier Division
The division retained a number of experienced officers and Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs). The replacements received were mostly from Bavaria and were rated as above-average. Rebuilt to full personnel strength the division had weaknesses shared by almost all Volksgrenadier divisions: not enough communications equipment and a lack of assault guns. The reconstituted division transferred to the western front in December 1944. The division was assigned to the LXXX Corps of the 7th Army which formed the southern shoulder of the German armies attacking in the Ardennes. General der Panzertruppe Erich Brandenberger, the German Seventh Army commander, rated the 212th Volksgrenadier Division as his best division. Because of this it was assigned the mission of protecting the southern flank of the Seventh Army. Placed opposite of the US Army's 4th Infantry Division, they would need to pin down as many American units as possible, in order to prevent the transfer of reserves against the main effort.

Although the troops under Sensfuss had a numerical superiority, they were at a disadvantage in one regard: The Americans had tanks, while they did not. On December 16, after making a successful crossing of the Sauer river, the 212th Volksgrendier Division was able to infiltrate through American lines, push into the streets of Echternach, and overwhelm all major resistance. They were also able to surround but not defeat a fairly large U.S. battle group at Berdorf. Over the next two days, they were able to penetrate as far as Scheidgen before digging in to repulse numerous counter-attacks by the Americans. After several days of slow progress, however, the Ardennes offensive as a whole was looking increasingly non-viable. By December 28, Brandenberger ordered the 212th Volksgrenadier Division to withdraw back to its starting positions. It went on to participate in subsequent defensive operations along the Rhine, until surrendering to the Americans near the end of the war.

212th Infantry Division

 * Generalmajor Walter Friedrichs (? August 1939 – 15 September 1939)
 * General der Artillerie Theodor Endres (15 September 1939 – 1 October 1942)
 * Generalleutnant Hellmuth Reymann (1 October 1942 – 1 October 1943)
 * Generalmajor Dr. Karl Koske (1 October 1943 – 1 May 1944)
 * Generalleutnant Franz Sensfuß (1 May 1944 – 15 September 1944)

212th Volksgrenadier Division

 * Generalleutnant Franz Sensfuß (October 1944 – 1 April 1945)
 * Genralmajor Max Ulich (1 April 1945 – 21 April 1945)
 * Generalmajor Jobst Freiherr von Buddenbrock (21 April 1945 – 8 May 1945)

1939

 * 316th Infantry Regiment
 * 320th Infantry Regiment
 * 423rd Infantry Regiment
 * 212th Artillery Regiment
 * 212th Engineer Battalion
 * 212th Anti-tank Detachment
 * 212th Reconnaissance Detachment
 * 212th Signal Detachment
 * Supply Troops

1943

 * 316th Grenadier Regiment
 * 320th Grenadier Regiment
 * 423rd Grenadier Regiment
 * 212th Fusilier Battalion
 * 212th Field Replacement Battalion
 * 212th Artillery Regiment
 * 212th Engineer Battalion
 * 212th Panzerjäger Detachment
 * 212th Signal Detachment
 * Supply Troops

title: 212th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)


text: Category:History of Sheffield

title: Category:History of Sheffield


text:
Justice Marshall

Justice Marshall may refer to:

United States Supreme Court

 * John Marshall (1755–1835), chief justice of the United States Supreme Court
 * Thurgood Marshall (1908–1993), associate justice of the United States Supreme Court
 * John Marshall Harlan (1833–1911), associate justice of the United States Supreme Court
 * John Marshall Harlan II (1899–1971), associate justice of the United States Supreme Court

Other courts

 * Carrington T. Marshall (1869–1958), chief justice of the Ohio Supreme Court
 * John Marshall (Kansas judge) (1858–1931), justice of the Kansas Supreme Court from 1915 to 1931
 * Margaret H. Marshall (born 1944), 23rd chief justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
 * Roujet D. Marshall (1847–1922), associate justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court

title: Justice Marshall


text:
Justice Chase

Justice Chase may refer to:

United States Supreme Court
 * Samuel Chase (1741–1811), associate justice of the United States Supreme Court
 * Salmon P. Chase, chief justice of the United States Supreme Court

U.S. state supreme courts
 * Dudley Chase (1771–1846), chief justice of the Vermont Supreme Court
 * Emory A. Chase (1854–1921), justice of the New York Supreme Court and a judge of the New York Court of Appeals
 * Harrie B. Chase (1889–1969), associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court
 * Jeremiah Chase (1748–1828), associate justice of the Court of Appeals of Maryland
 * Paul A. Chase (1895–1963), associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court

title: Justice Chase


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Columbine Redemption

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was settlement via copyvio (WP:CP). - Mailer Diablo 12:49, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Columbine Redemption
Delete - This is cut and paste from the website linked in the article...advertising/NPOV/possible copyvio -- Plasmatics 07:45, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't see what's "possible" about it. It's a copy&paste from an article published on a web-site, which is by default copyrighted and which is not explicitly licensed with a GFDL-compatible copyright licence, and is a copyright violation.  This should have gone directly to WP:CP. Copyvio. Uncle G 12:03, 2005 Apr 9 (UTC)
 * Delete, copyright vio, advert/promo. Megan1967 04:10, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - even leaving aside copyright issues, it's nonfactual and violates NPOV. This is just a retelling of the Columbine "shot for being Christian" urban legend. Firebug 05:53, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Victim feminism

Victim feminism is a term that has been used by some conservative postfeminist writers such as Katie Roiphe and Naomi Wolf to critique forms of feminist activism which they see as reinforcing the idea that women are weak or lacking in agency. Primary sources:

Roiphe, Wolf and "power feminism"
Self-described feminist Naomi Wolf uses the term victim feminism in her 1993 book Fire With Fire. Wolf contrasts victim feminism with power feminism. In her view, victim feminists present women as "beleaguered, fragile, intuitive angels" thus preventing women from taking responsibility for the power they actually have. Among various attributes of victim feminism, Wolf writes that it projects violence and competitiveness onto men or their patriarchy, while disregarding these qualities in women.

Religious scholar Colin Grant describes Wolf's power vs. victim dichotomy as being rooted in differences in how feminists address the liabilities that women suffer: while victim feminism simply dwells on them, power feminism seeks to identify them, with the purpose to challenge and overcome them. Grant also mentions that Wolf herself appears to have embraced both sides: her book The Beauty Myth seems to be from the victim feminism camp, but with Fire with Fire Wolf transitions to the power feminism side.

This dichotomy of "victim" vs "power" was criticized by other feminist scholars, such as Elizabeth M. Schneider, for being defined too broadly so that Wolf's argument became lost. In addition, it lumps together diverse and radically different feminist schools, and this confusion aids anti-feminists in their rhetoric.

Wolf's Fire With Fire and Katie Roiphe's The Morning After garnered considerable media attention. They formed part of a backlash against the perceived domination of the feminist theme of victimization in the contemporary popular culture. Victim feminism was viewed as a negative tendency by Wolf and those who built on her analysis. The more positive tendency recognizes the distinctiveness of women's experience and views (regarding sex, morality, etc.) as a positive alternative in contrast to that imposed by the "patriarchal" views of men.

One of Wolf's and Roiphe's arguments is that emphasis on victimization reinforces the stereotype of women being fragile and vulnerable. However, it was argued that their solution in the form of "power feminism" is simplistic, because it fails to take into an account the systemic nature of women's subordination. Overall, the "victim vs. power" dichotomy was described as false and fundamentally inadequate, and leading to "problematic extremes".

Schneider criticizes the dichotomy of feminism in the form of "victimhood vs. agency" from the legal standpoint, arguing that the view of women as either victims or agents is incomplete and static. She points out that, first, both concepts are too narrow and incomplete, and second, they are not the opposite poles of a spectrum, they are independent, but interrelated dimensions of women's experience.

"Agency-affirming" feminism
Gender studies scholar Rebecca Stringer writes that besides Wolf and Roiphe, other feminist authors have criticized the representation of women as victims and promoted a brand of agency-affirming feminism. These include Camille Paglia, Christina Hoff Sommers, Natasha Walter, and Rene Denfeld. Each of these authors wrote popular books in the 1990s about feminism framed as calls to action, like earlier works by Betty Friedan and Germaine Greer. According to Stringer, this trend of 1990s agitation against "victim feminism" is tied to the concurrent rise of neoliberalism. At the same time, in her book Knowing Victims Stringer argues that these critiques of "victim feminism" do not affirm women's agency, but rather problematize women's capacity for agency and declare a lack of women's personal responsibility, which is, in Stringer's view, akin to victim blaming.

title: Victim feminism


text: Category:Hinduism by country

title: Category:Hinduism by country


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Jade Kindar-Martin

Jade Kindar-Martin (born February 16, 1974) is an American highwire walker and circus performer.

Career
Kindar-Martin started performing on the wire at the age of 14 with Circus Smirkus, a youth circus based in Vermont. Following his graduation from Champlain Valley Union High School in 1992, he went on to further his studies in the circus arts in Montreal, Quebec, Canada at the Ecole Nationale de Cirque and then at the Centre National des Arts du Cirque in Châlons-en-Champagne, France. Kindar-Martin there came under the tutelage and mentorship of highwire artist Rudy Omankowski Jr. and began his partnership with Didier Pasquette.

Together, Kindar-Martin and Pasquette soon began touring worldwide, as well as performing their own brand of highwire theatre as part of the Camion Funambule. In the six years they performed together, the two became known equally for their highly technical bicycle acrobatics and dramatic skywalks, including their Guinness World Record-setting double skywalk across the River Thames in London in 1997.

In 1999, Kindar-Martin was recruited by Cirque du Soleil for a new show, La Nouba, in Orlando, Florida, where he performed until January 2004.

In the summer of 2004, Jade married fellow Cirque du Soleil performer and stunt woman Karine Mauffrey, high up in the air on a wire stretched over the grounds of the Château de Chantilly in Chantilly, France. Kindar-Martin and his wife now split their time between Los Angeles, California, and their home in the south of France.

In the summer of 2005, Jade joined The Flying Wallendas, the world-famous highwire family, and performs regularly with them in the "Seven-Man Pyramid".

In May 2007 in Seoul, South Korea, Kindar-Martin competed in the First World Highwire Championships. Kindar-Martin, along with 18 other highwire walkers from around the world, competed for the fastest crossing of the kilometer-long wire over the Han River. With a time of 0:11:35.54, Kindar-Martin won the bronze medal, 13 seconds behind first place. In completing the walk, all who made it across now also share a new Guinness World Record for longest highwire walk. A longer skywalk may have been accomplished by Rudy Omankowski Jr., Kindar-Martin's mentor.

In 2022, Kindar-Martin took place on AGT: Extreme where he finished as a Grand Finalist.

In 2023, Kinder-Martin was a suit performer for the indigo rabbit animatronic Bonnie in the Five Nights at Freddy's film.

title: Jade Kindar-Martin


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Devil May Cry 4

Devil May Cry 4 (デビル メイ クライ4) is a 2008 action-adventure game developed and published by Capcom. It was released for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows platforms. It is the fourth installment in the Devil May Cry series and is written by Bingo Morihashi and directed by Hideaki Itsuno. The story follows Nero, a young man possessing demonic powers who is on a mission to stop the series' main character, Dante, after he assassinates the leader of the Order of the Sword. The player assumes the role of both Nero and Dante as they fight enemies using their demonic powers and a variety of weapons.

Devil May Cry 4 is the first entry in the series to be released simultaneously for multiple consoles. During its development, Capcom focused on each version achieving the same visual quality using the MT Framework game engine. Around eighty people formed the team that created the game. Nero was introduced to attract the new gamers. Dante's popularity with gamers proved challenging because the developers needed to use him as a supporting character in the story.

Critical reception to Devil May Cry 4 was positive. It was praised for its challenging difficulty, its visuals and Nero's characterization as a new protagonist. However, it was criticized for its backtracking in Dante's stages and a troublesome camera. The game sold over three million units worldwide, becoming the series' best-selling title before the release of its sequel. Bingo Morihashi adapted it into a two-volume light novel.

It was released on iOS as Devil May Cry 4: Refrain in February 2011. A remastered version of the game was released in June 2015 as Devil May Cry 4: Special Edition which adds both English and Japanese voice tracks, improved visual effects and textures, in-game re-balancing, additional costumes, and three bonus playable characters: Vergil, Lady and Trish. A sequel, Devil May Cry 5, was released on March 8, 2019.

Gameplay
Gameplay in Devil May Cry 4 is like previous games in the series. The player must fight through levels called "missions", occasionally solving puzzles or gathering items. Performance in a mission is graded from "D", the lowest grade, to "A" then "S", "SS", and "SSS", the highest grade. Grades are based on items used, Red Orbs gathered, time taken, and the number of Style Points accumulated. Each Style Point grade has its own tag-word. The stylish grade shows up on the side of the screen and begins at "Deadly" (D); progresses through "Carnage" (C), "Brutal" (B), and "Atomic" (A); then, advances through one last bar of grades containing the phrases "Smokin'" (S), "Smokin' Style" (SS), and lastly "Smokin' Sick Style" (SSS). Stylish combat is the focus of the game, conveyed through unbroken combos of varied attacks while avoiding damage. The player must avoid enemy attacks to continue performing combos, often by memorizing attack patterns. The Devil Trigger is a super state that enables the player to become more powerful adding a slow but steady health regeneration, with increased damage done. Devil Trigger can be activated by pressing the button to trigger it when the gauge is filled.

Some changes introduced in Devil May Cry 4 are the presence of two playable characters, Dante and Nero, and a slight modification to the shop system. A new currency, Proud Souls, is used to buy new abilities while Red Orbs are used to buy items. Proud Souls are rewarded at the end of missions; the amount varies depending on how well the player performed. The cost of abilities increases with the purchase of other abilities, though all abilities can be sold back for their original price.

The player plays as Nero throughout most of the game. He is equipped with the Red Queen sword, Blue Rose revolver, and the powers of his Devil Bringer. The Red Queen features an Exceed Gauge that can be charged up to the 3 stages, allowing for subsequent attacks that are more powerful than regular slashes, until the gauge empties. Nero also has the powers of his Devil Bringer and can use it to pull himself towards enemies or vice versa. The Devil Bringer may also be used for context-sensitive throw attacks, leading to high damage and various effects depending on the enemy. Nero's Devil Bringer also gains new abilities during the game, including being able to detect secret missions or caches of Red Orbs. Nero eventually gains the ability to use Devil Trigger after getting the katana known as Yamato. This increases his Devil Bringer's power changing its attacks into more powerful versions with different animations.

The player plays as Dante through seven missions, taking over halfway through the game. His gameplay is like that in Devil May Cry 3. He has access to multiple melee and ranged weapons which he gains after boss battles. He is able to cycle through them freely in combat and is no longer limited to equipping two weapons of each type as he was in the previous game. Dante also begins with his four styles, each of which grants him different abilities. But, unlike in Devil May Cry 3, he may now switch them at will with buttons or pads on the controller. He also gains the Dark Slayer style near the end of his appearance, which only has one style level. Styles do not level up through experience as in the previous game, but instead must be upgraded like other skills in the shop screen in between missions or at statues. Dante can also enter Devil Trigger where he gains most of the benefits that Nero's Devil Trigger has. Since he does not have the Devil Bringer, he gets animation and property changes on some of his normal attacks instead.

Plot
Nero is a young demon hunter who lives on the isolated island of Fortuna and is also a member of the Order of the Sword: a religious sect of knights who worship the Legendary Dark Knight Sparda as a God. Dante arrives, and murders The Order's leader, the High Priest Sanctus, in front of the entire congregation. At the same time, an army of demons invade the city, putting everyone, including Nero's love interest Kyrie, in danger. Tasked with stopping Dante by Kyrie's brother Credo, the Captain of the Holy Knights, Nero's journey leads him to discover that he is in fact a descendant of Sparda himself, and Dante is not his enemy. Under orders from Sanctus, Agnus, has been siphoning the power of the long lost Devil Arm Yamato, the sword of Dante's brother Vergil, to create a demonic army, and imbue high-ranking members of the Order with demonic power. To Agnus' shock, the shattered Yamato restores itself in Nero's presence, and flies to Nero's aid. With The Order's plans revealed, Agnus flees to inform the newly resurrected Sanctus.

As Nero sets his sights on The Order, he discovers to his dismay that Credo is part of the conspiracy, until he ends up being deceived as well when they witness Kyrie being kidnapped by Sanctus. He intends to use a creature known as Savior to defeat the demon army he's created, as a means of strengthening the people's worship of Sparda. With the Sparda Sword already in his possession, and needing the blood of a descendant of Sparda along with the Yamato, Sanctus captures Nero to power The Savior's core. Dante arrives, with Trish, who was revealed to be a spy within The Order, and makes a promise to the dying Credo to save Nero and Kyrie. Splitting up, Trish evacuates Fortuna's human residents, while Dante destroys all the Hell Gates scattered over Fortuna, and defeats Agnus, reclaiming the Yamato sword for the last time. Confronting the Savior in a sky battle above Fortuna, Dante drives the Yamato through The Savior's chest, where Nero recovers it inside, freeing himself and Kyrie, and defeating Sanctus.

Nero is able to make peace with the power it has given him to protect those he cares about. Before Dante leaves, he decides to entrust Nero with the Yamato, and Kyrie and Nero share their first kiss in the ruins of Fortuna. Back at Dante's office, Lady arrives. As previously revealed in the game, it was Lady who sent Dante and Trish to Fortuna in the first place as The Order had begun butting in on some of her jobs, which was why Trish immediately went undercover to expose The Order's true colors. As Trish and Lady bicker over the small reward, Dante gets a phone call from a customer and the trio moves out of the office for a new mission.

Development
Development of Devil May Cry 4 began shortly after its predecessor was a success. A total of eighty people formed the development team. The first teaser was that of Dante on a snowy peak shown at E3 2005, while the Tokyo Game Show 2005 trailer showed Dante doing multiple moves in front of a camera, both containing elements that were not included in the finished product. Capcom only made the E3 2005 video to confirm their staff had begun work on the game. Since they had just finished Devil May Cry 3 and Devil May Cry 3: Special Edition, the developers initially were confused in regards to what they had to do in order to innovate the gameplay mechanics they developed previously. The team wanted to introduce new gameplay elements and a new character allowed them to do this. This was the first Devil May Cry not to be released for PlayStation 2, because it was designed for the next generation of hardware. This allowed the team to try new play mechanics and expand the series' plot. While not intending to send a religious message, members from the Capcom team did research in Vatican City and Istanbul.

On September 6, 2006, Japanese video game magazine Famitsu reported that the previous games' main character, Dante, would not be the protagonist in Devil May Cry 4. Instead, a new character named Nero, voiced and motion captured by Johnny Yong Bosch, took the lead. The use of a new protagonist was discussed many times at Capcom but was not approved until producer Hiroyuki Kobayashi said that the Dante character had to be in the game. Fearing negative feedback, as happened when Konami's stealth game Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty introduced a new character, replacing protagonist Solid Snake with newcomer Raiden, producer Kobayashi said Capcom aimed to make Nero fun to play like Dante and intended to make him stronger at some point.

Two of the game's PC exclusive features are Turbo Mode (previously used only in Devil May Cry 3: Special Edition) giving the game a twenty percent speed boost, and a new difficulty mode called Legendary Dark Knight Mode which can display over 100 enemies in some missions at once. Both features returned in the Devil May Cry 4: Special Edition release.

The PC version also has both DirectX 9 and DirectX 10 mode. It is labeled Games for Windows and runs on Windows XP, Vista, and Windows 7. It assumes a Gamepad is present and only uses the mouse in the menus, providing the same interface as the Xbox 360 version.

Engine
Hiroyuki Kobayashi noted the production team began working with the game using a PC-based engine. He said that this was the first PlayStation 3 game developed by Capcom, and making this transition was a "hard step", particularly because no member of the production team was familiar with the console's capabilities. Capcom justified the game's multi-platform crossover by emphasizing the Xbox 360's success in the North American and European markets, labeling the move as "natural". The final version of Devil May Cry 4 uses Capcom's internally developed MT Framework engine. In a thread questioning the move on the official Capcom message board, the company's senior director of strategic planning and research, Christian Svensson, responded by saying that they were moved by people's strong feelings about the decision, but that it was the best decision for the company and consumers. He also claimed that the contents would be identical, except that "the feel of the controller" may cause a slight difference. Despite Capcom having already used the MT Framework to create two Xbox 360 games-Dead Rising and Lost Planet, the team found difficulties with this engine. The developers first showed a demo of the game at Tokyo Game Show 2006 where Dante fought the boss character Berial. The visuals satisfied the Capcom staff to the point where they called them a "miracle".

Itsuno said in the Famitsu article that the visuals attempt to deliver a satisfying feel of being in the air. The actions of Nero's Devil Bringer could not be done on second generation consoles, but they could be done on the new generation of consoles such as the PlayStation 3. Kobayashi said the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions would be identical, although he did not comment on the PC version. Kobayashi confirmed the PC version "would be great, because the same team is working on both". The PlayStation 3 version requires the user to install 5GB of game data which takes 20 minutes and shortens the length of the loading screens throughout the game.

During production, new gameplay options were implemented to "keep up with fresh action games"; among these is the Devil Bringer's ability to bring enemies towards the characters. Unlike Dante's progress in Devil May Cry 3, Nero was designed to become stronger by upgrading his Devil Bringer ability instead of receiving new weapons after defeating boss characters. During development the production team decided that Nero would be one of two main characters and that Dante was not going to be the only character from previous entries to appear in the series. Producer Hiroyuki Kobashi noted before the game's release they wanted to make Dante seem significantly more powerful than Nero. This was done to create an obvious difference between the strength of a "veteran" when compared to a "rookie". Unlike Devil May Cry 3, the game's difficulty would be the same in both the Japanese and European versions as the version released in North America.

Scenario and cast
For the first time in the series Bingo Morihashi was the game's writer. He collaborated with film director Yuji Shimomura who worked on the earlier games. Morihashi had many issues with the making of the game to the point he quit Capcom. However, after Itsuno's asked him to return, he did so. He finished writing the game's events, which took a year. Morihashi had difficulties with the characterization of Nero, the new protagonist. Dante returned as a supporting character. Itsuno was responsible for most of Kyrie's elements. She was envisioned as an "ordinary, cute heroine" who had a big impact on Nero despite not being a fighter. Her role was to motivate Nero and the player as the story progresses.

The writings of late manga artist Ramo Nakajima in the series Amagasaki City inspired Morihashi to write Nero's story; "I love you, so I protect the city you love." Love is the focus of the Devil May Cry series; Devil May Cry 4 focuses on Nero's love for Kyrie. While Devil May Cry 4 is a simple story similar to Hollywood movies involving a damsel in distress, the staff were satisfied with it because it also carried Morihashi's ideas well. The Capcom staff created Nero as a new protagonist who would develop across the Devil May Cry series because Dante had become stronger with each game. Nero was created as a weaker character who develops new powers as the story progresses until he reaches Dante's level. This was done mostly through his "Devil Bringer" ability, which makes him stand out. Another reason for Nero's introduction was to attract new gamers to the franchise.

Before commencing the designs for the characters in Devil May Cry 4, character designer Tatsuya Yoshikawa consulted with several members of the staff who had worked on the series before to become familiar with previous elements. The characters were designed to emphasize their moves, which made the staff controlling their motions vital to the design. Some of the antagonist's demonic forms in Devil May Cry 4 resemble angels. These characters were designed to be attractive to the game's audience while providing a contrast when compared to other demons in the game. Yoshikawa noted that several of the boss characters presented some difficulty when creating them. He said that Nero's design was one of the biggest challenges he had experienced in his career, because the character had to be accepted by the public and fit in the series' universe. Yoshikawa liked the interactions between Nero and Dante because of the balance the two playable characters make.

Yoshikawa also created another devil transformation, the Devil Trigger, for Nero. Unlike Dante's transformation that makes him look like a devil, Nero's Devil Trigger generates a creature situated behind his back. One that did not appear in the game turned Nero into a demon like Dante. Nero's hood covers one eye as a symbol whose interpretation is left up to the fans. Yoshikawa wanted to incorporate this into the game and hoped to make it into a figurine, but this was not possible.

Both main voice actors motion capture actors, Reuben Langdon and Bosch, expressed pleasure working as Dante and Nero, respectively with the former noting he made Dante like his younger Devil May Cry 3 persona but more mature. Langdon's inspiration for the character was Roy Focker of the anime series The Super Dimension Fortress Macross.

Music
The soundtrack for Devil May Cry 4 was composed by Tetsuya Shibata, Shusaku Uchiyama, Kento Hasegawa, Akihiko Narita, Kota Suzuki, Rei Kondoh, Masayoshi "Chamy" Ishi, Masami Ueda and Shinichiro Sato. Shibata said that since the release of Devil May Cry 3 he had wanted to emphasized lyrics in the fourth title. The game is noted for its use of heavy metal songs.

Devil May Cry 4 Original Soundtrack is a three-disc, 104 track soundtrack. It was released in Japan on February 27, 2008. Female vocals are handled by Aubrey Ashburn (1-02) while male vocals are handled by Shawn "Shootie HG" McPherson of Hostile Groove (1-20 and 3-03) and Jason "ShyBoy" Arnold of Hypnogaja (1-13 and 3-38). Tetsuya Shibata is credited as the primary composer, with tracks composed by Shusaku Uchiyama, Kota Suzuki, Akihiko Narita, Rei Kondoh, Chamy Ishikawa and Shinichiro Satoh. The soundtrack was released in the US on November 25, 2008, with new artwork.

Marketing and release
The first teaser trailer was shown at E3 2005, depicting Dante traveling through a snow-covered environment. A more substantial trailer was released at that year's Tokyo Game Show, with a more rugged and older Dante in a city-like setting. Both teasers show very little detail of the game itself. At the 2006 Tokyo Game Show, a more complete trailer debuted, along with a playable demo, featuring the character Nero.

A fourth trailer, released on December 17, 2007, revealed more gameplay and story detail, as well as information on new songs for the game. These included a new version of "Lock and Load", Dante's theme music from the first Devil May Cry, with new lyrics written and performed by Shawn "Shootie HG" McPherson, the lyricist and lead vocalist on the soundtrack of Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening. Released with the Japanese version of the game is Japanese rock band, L'Arc-en-Ciel, and their new single, "Drink It Down", which is used as the Japanese opening for the game. The company presented the game's first demo at an event titled "Capcom's Gamer's Day", where Kobayashi highlighted several of the game's features. With the team focused on completing the game, a new demo was not produced in time for the 2007 E3 Media and Business Summit.

Collector's Edition
A collector's edition of the game was released at the same time as the regular version. The North American version features a bonus disc containing the making of Devil May Cry 4, and an additional disc of the first four episodes of Devil May Cry: The Animated Series, while the European and Australian versions include a signed artbook instead, titled Art of the Devil A very small number of Collector's Edition packages were signed by the game's producer, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, on the back of the metal tin on Dante's left shoulder. This number was reported to be as low as only 100 signed copies for each console, for a total of 200 signed copies. Both versions were packaged in a steelbook case.

An iOS version called Devil May Cry 4: Refrain was announced January 11, 2011. It was released on February 3, 2011.

Critical reception
Devil May Cry 4 received favorable reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. Japanese gaming magazine Famitsu gave the game a "Platinum" rank as part of its review. It praised the difficulty balance and gameplay options.

Devil May Cry 4 received praise for its hack and slash mechanics. Xbox World Australia called it "the most solid of all of the Devil May Cry games" citing its responsive controls despite being the first game in the series to be released for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. PSM3 rated the game's degree of difficulty positively based on how the system ranks the player and the challenges the game offers. 1UP.com praised the gameplay and "predictably slick" looks. However, sites often criticized the game's backtracking elements, a big issue found within the level design. Some criticized the theme songs. The use of boss fights and the approach to the action's style was well received by GameSpot. They felt it would attract and appeal to gamers despite the backtracking issues.

As to the presentation, GameTrailers praised the voice acting, fight scenes, but criticized the corny dialogue. GameSpy said the game succeeds thanks to its gameplay and visuals. The introduction of Nero as new protagonist was well received. Bosch's voice acting in the English-language version was also praised by GameZone and GameSpot. Despite the similarities between Nero and Dante, IGN still found the new protagonist appealing based on how different his gameplay is from the returning hero's. IGN agreed, finding Nero's story appealing. The GameSpy review also praised the Nero character for "[bringing] something fresh to the franchise" and being "as diverse as DMC3 SE's Vergil". When it came to the console version, IGN said fans would enjoy the video game, but might be disappointed that Dante had fewer weapons and missions than he did in Devil May Cry 3. GameSpy also said that "it cheapens things a little to see that the team has opted to recycle assets in lieu of showing us more of this rich world". They did not find the soundtrack appealing. Hyper's Dirk Watch commended the game for "looking great, combos galore and being more fun than Devil May Cry 3". However, he criticized it for "still playing like Devil May Cry 2" and for its "choppy pacing and level design".

The PC version received mixed reviews. 1UP.com appreciated the port's exclusive Legendary Dark Knight mode where the character is cornered by multiple enemies in a single battle. However, they felt that Capcom could have made a more comfortable controller as it had similar issues as the one from Resident Evil 4. They expected the developers to have put in more features. While also appreciating Dark Knight and the Turbo mode that increased the game's speed, IGN said this port was only for hardcore fans of the series since it was not too different from the original console versions. Nevertheless, GameZone said that Capcom did not rush the port and praised it for being as enjoyable as the original game in contrast to other PC ports.

Sales
Capcom expected Devil May Cry 4 to ship 1.8 Million Units by the end of its fiscal year. Upon its release week in Japan, the PlayStation 3 version outsold the Xbox 360 version—140,000 units to 28,000. On February 20, 2008, Capcom's president Haruhiro Tsujimoto announced in a press release that the game shipped two million copies in its first month, making it the fastest selling title in the series. By the end of the title's launch year, it had sold 2.32 million copies and would eventually reach the milestone of three million units sold by December 31, 2014. Capcom's Christian Svensson noted the PC retail version's sales in the US did not meet his expectations. A digital download version was only available in pirated form as Capcom Japan did not allow the game to be sold online. A PC digital distribution release was made available over a year later.

Legacy
A two-volume graphic novel adaptation of the game titled Devil May Cry 4: Deadly Fortune was released in 2009 by Capcom. It is written by Bingo Morihashi and his assistant writer Yasui Kentarou. In the afterword, Morihashi wrote that some of the novel's scenes were intended to be included in the game but were removed due to production issues.

Director Hideaki Itsuno noted the action system implemented in the game was expanded further in his next title Dragon's Dogma. Kobayashi said fans of Devil May Cry 4 might enjoy this new RPG game.

The series' original creator, Hideki Kamiya, said he used this game for research while developing Bayonetta, an action game that would use a similar style and which borrowed elements from the Devil May Cry series. In 2010, the game was included as one of the titles in the book 1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die.

In the fighting game Street Fighter V, Dante and Nero's original appearance serve as alternate costumes.

A sequel, Devil May Cry 5, was announced by Capcom in June 2018. It released on 8 March 2019 and featured the return of Nero, Dante and introduced a new playable character known as "V".

title: Devil May Cry 4


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Justice Jackson

Justice Jackson may refer to:

 * Three justices of the U.S. Supreme Court:
 * Ketanji Brown Jackson (born 1970), associate justice
 * Robert H. Jackson (1892–1954), associate justice
 * Howell E. Jackson (1832–1895), associate justice
 * Amos W. Jackson (1904–1972), associate justice of the Indiana Supreme Court
 * Andrew Jackson (1767–1845), associate justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court
 * Barbara Jackson (born 1961), associate justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court
 * James Jackson (congressman) (1819–1887), chief justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia
 * Joseph Raymond Jackson (1880–1969), commissioner for the Montana Supreme Court
 * Mortimer M. Jackson (1809–1889), associate justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court
 * Rupert Jackson (born 1948), Lord Justice of Appeal of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales
 * Schuyler W. Jackson (1904–1964), associate justice of the Kansas Supreme Court

title: Justice Jackson