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Nose cone

A nose cone is the conically shaped forwardmost section of a rocket, guided missile or aircraft, designed to modulate oncoming airflow behaviors and minimize aerodynamic drag. Nose cones are also designed for submerged watercraft such as submarines, submersibles and torpedoes, and in high-speed land vehicles such as rocket cars and velomobiles.

Rockets
On a suborbital rocket vehicle it consists of a chamber or chambers in which instruments, animals, plants, or auxiliary equipment may be carried, and an outer surface built to withstand high temperatures generated by aerodynamic heating. Much of the fundamental research related to hypersonic flight was done towards creating viable nose cone designs for the atmospheric reentry of spacecraft and ICBM reentry vehicles.

In a satellite launch vehicle, the nose cone may become the satellite itself after separating from the final stage of the rocket, or it may be used as a payload fairing to shield the satellite until out of the atmosphere, then separating (often in two halves) from the satellite.

Aircraft
On airliners the nose cone is also a radome protecting the weather radar from aerodynamic forces. The shape of the nose cone must be chosen for minimum drag so a solid of revolution is used that gives least resistance to motion. The article on nose cone design contains possible shapes and formulas.

Supersonic
Due to the extreme temperatures involved, nose cones for high-speed applications (e.g. Supersonic speeds or atmospheric reentry of orbital vehicles) have to be made of refractory materials. Pyrolytic carbon is one choice, reinforced carbon-carbon composite or HRSI ceramics are other popular choices. Another design strategy is using ablative heat shields, which get consumed during operation, disposing of excess heat that way. Materials used for ablative shields include, for example carbon phenolic, polydimethylsiloxane composite with silica filler and carbon fibers, or as in of some Chinese FSW reentry vehicles, oak wood.

In general, the constraints and goals for atmospheric reentry conflict with those for other high-speed flight applications; during reentry a high-drag blunt reentry shape is frequently used, which minimises the heat transfer by creating a shock wave that stands off from the vehicle, but some very-high-temperature materials may permit sharper-edged designs.

Nose cone design
Given the problem of the aerodynamic design of the nose cone section of any vehicle or body meant to travel through a compressible fluid medium (such as a rocket or aircraft, missile or bullet), an important problem is the determination of the nose cone geometrical shape for optimum performance. For many applications, such a task requires the definition of a solid of revolution shape that experiences minimal resistance to rapid motion through such a fluid medium, which consists of elastic particles.

title: Nose cone


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Rubinstein

Rubinstein is a surname of German and Yiddish origin, mostly found among Ashkenazi Jews; it denotes "ruby-stone". Notable persons named Rubinstein include:

A–E

 * Akiba Rubinstein (1880–1961), Polish chess grandmaster
 * Amnon Rubinstein (1931-2024), Israeli scholar, politician and columnist
 * Anton Rubinstein (1829–1894), Russian pianist, composer and conductor, brother of Nikolai Rubinstein
 * Ariel Rubinstein (born 1951), game theorist at Tel Aviv University and New York University
 * Arthur Rubinstein (1887–1982), Polish-American pianist
 * Arthur B. Rubinstein (1938–2018), American drama and film score composer and conductor
 * Benjamin B. Rubinstein (1905–1989), Finnish-born American psychoanalyst
 * Benny Rubinstein, Israeli footballer
 * Dave Rubinstein (1964–1993), singer in the band Reagan Youth
 * David Rubinstein (pianist) (born 1949)
 * David Rubinstein (social historian) (1932–2019), American-born social historian living in England, specializing in the 19th and 20th centuries
 * Elyakim Rubinstein (born 1947), Israeli diplomat, former Attorney General of Israel and vice president of the Supreme Court of Israel
 * Erna Rubinstein (1903–1966), Hungarian-American classical violinist

F–J

 * Gennadii Rubinstein
 * Gillian Rubinstein (born 1942), English-born Australian author of children's books and for adults as Lian Hearn
 * Hadar Rubinstein (born 1967), Israeli Olympic swimmer
 * Helena Rubinstein (1872–1965), Polish-born American cosmetics entrepreneur and art collector
 * Hilary Rubinstein (1926–2012), British literary agent and publisher
 * Ida Rubinstein (1885–1960), Russian dancer with the Ballet Russe in Paris
 * Jacob Leon Rubenstein (1911-1967), birth name of Jack Ruby, American nightclub owner who killed Lee Harvey Oswald
 * John Rubinstein (born 1946), American actor, singer, composer, director; son of pianist Arthur Rubinstein
 * Jolyon Rubinstein (born 1981), English satirist, director and writer
 * Jon Rubinstein (born 1956), American computer scientist and electrical engineer instrumental in the creation of the iPod
 * J. Hyam Rubinstein (born 1948), Australian mathematician primarily interested in topology

K–O

 * Lev Rubinstein (1947–2024), Russian poet and essayist
 * Marcos Rubinstein, Swiss engineer
 * Mark Rubinstein, American financial economist and financial engineer
 * Michael Rubinstein (born 1973), birth name of Michael Weston, American television and film actor and son of John Rubinstein and Judi West
 * Nicolai Rubinstein (1911–2002), Russian historian
 * Nikolai Rubinstein (1835–1881), Russian pianist and composer, brother of Anton Rubinstein

P–Z

 * Pablo Rubinstein, Chilean doctor who pioneered the preservation and medical use of placenta blood as a form of stem cell technology
 * Robert A. Rubinstein (born 1951), American anthropologist
 * Robert J. Rubinstein (born 1952), entrepreneur and founder of the TBLI group
 * Roman Rubinshteyn (born 1996), Belarusian-Israeli basketball player
 * Sergei Rubinstein, Soviet psychologist, critic to Lev Vygotsky
 * Seymour I. Rubinstein (born 1934), American software developer
 * Susanna Rubinstein (1847–1914), Austrian psychologist
 * William Rubinstein (born 1946), British historian
 * Yaakov Rubinstein, Israeli violinist
 * Zdenka Rubinstein (1911–1961), Croatian operatic soprano
 * Zelda Rubinstein (1933–2010), American actress

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Rubinstein


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Important Bird Area

An Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) is an area identified using an internationally agreed set of criteria as being globally important for the conservation of bird populations.

IBA was developed and sites are identified by BirdLife International. There are over 13,000 IBAs worldwide. These sites are small enough to be entirely conserved and differ in their character, habitat or ornithological importance from the surrounding habitat. In the United States the Program is administered by the National Audubon Society.

Often IBAs form part of a country's existing protected area network, and so are protected under national legislation. Legal recognition and protection of IBAs that are not within existing protected areas varies within different countries. Some countries have a National IBA Conservation Strategy, whereas in others protection is completely lacking.

History
In 1985, following a specific request from the European Economic Community, Birdlife International drew up a list of sites to be protected as a matter of priority. In 1989, a repertoire of IBAs of Europe was released.

At first the official name of this type of site was Important Bird Area, hence the acronym IBA, then at the BirdLife World Congress held in Canada in 2014 it was decided to adopt the name Important Bird and Biodiversity Area, without changing the acronym.

Criteria
IBAs are determined by an internationally agreed set of criteria. Specific IBA thresholds are set by regional and national governing organizations. To be listed as an IBA, a site must satisfy at least one of the following rating criteria: The site qualifies if it is known, estimated or thought to hold a population of a species categorized by the IUCN Red List as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable. In general, the regular presence of a Critical or Endangered species, irrespective of population size, at a site may be sufficient for a site to qualify as an IBA. For Vulnerable species, the presence of more than threshold numbers at a site is necessary to trigger selection. The site forms one of a set selected to ensure that all restricted-range species of an Endemic Bird Area (EBA) or a Secondary Area (SA) are present in significant numbers in at least one site and preferably more. The site forms one of a set selected to ensure adequate representation of all species restricted to a given biome, both across the biome as a whole and for all of its species in each range state.
 * A1. Globally threatened species
 * A2. Restricted-range species
 * A3. Biome-restricted species
 * A4. Congregations
 * i. This applies to 'waterbird' species as defined by Delaney and Scott and is modelled on criterion 6 of the Ramsar Convention for identifying wetlands of international importance. Depending upon how species are distributed, the 1% thresholds for the biogeographic populations may be taken directly from Delaney & Scott, they may be generated by combining flyway populations within a biogeographic region or, for those for which no quantitative thresholds are given, they are determined regionally or inter-regionally, as appropriate, using the best available information.
 * ii. This includes those seabird species not covered by Delaney and Scott (2002). Quantitative data are taken from a variety of published and unpublished sources.
 * iii. This is modeled on criterion 5 of the Ramsar Convention for identifying wetlands of international importance. The use of this criterion is discouraged where quantitative data are good enough to permit the application of A4i and A4ii.
 * iv. The site is known or thought to exceed thresholds set for migratory species at bottleneck sites.

The assessment by expert individuals is however not entirely reliable and a study in South America found that the coverage needed for at-risk bird conservation as chosen by computational algorithms rarely overlapped with IBAs and suggested that such methods should be used to complement expert driven IBA site choices.

title: Important Bird Area


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Category:United Kingdom coast and countryside

United Kingdom coast and countryside.


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Andrew Kehoe

Andrew Philip Kehoe (February 1, 1872 – May 18, 1927) was an American mass murderer. Kehoe was a Michigan farmer who became disgruntled after losing reelection as treasurer of the Bath Township school board. He subsequently murdered his wife and then detonated bombs at the Bath Consolidated School on May 18, 1927, resulting in the Bath School disaster in which 44 people were killed and 58 more people were injured. Kehoe killed himself near the school by detonating dynamite in his truck, causing an explosion which killed several other people and wounded more. He had earlier set off incendiary devices in his house and around his farm, destroying all the buildings.

Early life and education
Kehoe was born in Tecumseh, Michigan, among the younger of a family of 13 children. His parents were Philip Kehoe (1833–1915) and Mary (McGovern) Kehoe (1835–1890). He attended Tecumseh High School and Michigan State College (later Michigan State University), where he studied electrical engineering. There, he first met his future wife, Ellen "Nellie" Price, the daughter of a wealthy Lansing family.

After college, Kehoe went southwest, apparently working for several years as an electrician in St. Louis, Missouri. During this period, in 1911, he suffered a severe head injury in a fall which resulted in him being in a coma for two weeks.

Kehoe then moved back in with his father after the injury. During Kehoe's time away his mother had died and his father had married Frances Wilder, whom Kehoe did not like. On September 17, 1911, Frances was severely burned when the family's stove exploded as she was attempting to light it. The fuel soaked her, with her body catching fire. Kehoe threw water from a nearby bucket on her; due to the oil-based nature of the fire, the water did nothing to put the flames out. Frances soon died from her injuries, with allegations being made that the stove had been tampered with.

Marriage and family
After his return to Michigan, in 1912 he married Nellie Price. In 1919 the couple bought a 185 acre farm outside the village of Bath from Nellie's aunt for $12,000 (equivalent to $0 in ). He paid $6,000 in cash and took out a $6,000 mortgage.

Personality
Kehoe was regarded by his neighbors as a highly intelligent man who grew impatient and angry with those who disagreed with him. Neighbors recalled that Kehoe was always neat, dressed meticulously, and was known to change his shirt at midday or whenever it became even slightly dirty. Neighbors also recounted how Kehoe was cruel to his farm animals, having once beaten a horse to death. The Kehoes initially attended services at the Catholic church in Bath, but he refused to pay the church's parish assessment of members and later prevented his wife from attending.

Kehoe's neighbors thought he preferred mechanical tinkering to farming. His neighbor M. J. "Monty" Ellsworth wrote in his account of the disaster,

"He never farmed it as other farmers do and he tried to do everything with his tractor. He was in the height of his glory when fixing machinery or tinkering. He was always trying new methods in his work, for instance, hitching two mowers behind his tractor. This method did not work at different times and he would just leave the hay standing. He also put four sections of drag and two rollers at once behind his tractor. He spent so much time tinkering that he didn't prosper."

Recent analysis identifies Kehoe by the term "dangerous injustice collector”: a person who remembers slights and holds a grudge for a long time.

Bath Consolidated School administration
With a reputation for thrift, Kehoe was elected treasurer of the Bath Consolidated School board in 1924. While on the board, Kehoe fought for lower taxes and was often at cross purposes with other board members, voting against them and calling for adjournment when he did not get his way. He repeatedly accused superintendent Emory Huyck of financial mismanagement.

While on the school board, Kehoe was appointed as the Bath Township Clerk in 1925 for a short period. In the spring 1926 election, he was defeated for the position, and was angered by his public defeat. His neighbor Ellsworth thought Kehoe started planning his "murderous revenge" against the community at that time. Another neighbor, A. McMullen, noticed that Kehoe stopped working altogether on his farm in his last year, and thought he might be planning suicide.

During these years, Nellie Kehoe was chronically ill with tuberculosis, and had frequent hospital stays—at the time there was no effective treatment or cure for the disease. By the time of the Bath School disaster, Kehoe had ceased making mortgage and homeowner's insurance payments. The mortgage lender had begun foreclosure proceedings against the farm.

Bath School disaster
The Bath School disaster is the name given to a series of explosions perpetrated by Kehoe on May 18, 1927, in Bath Township, Michigan, which killed 45 people including Kehoe himself, and injured at least 58. Of the 44 directly attributed fatalities, thirty-eight were of children, all aged between 7 and 14 years of age (most under 12 years), attending the second to sixth grades at the Bath Consolidated School. The disaster remains the deadliest act of mass murder in a school in U.S. history.

Kehoe killed his wife between May 16, when she returned home from a hospital stay, and the morning of May 18. He moved her body to a farm building before setting off incendiary explosions in their house and farm buildings. About the same time, he had arranged timed explosions in the new school building. The materials in the north wing exploded as planned, killing many students and some adults inside. Kehoe had set a timed detonator to ignite dynamite and hundreds of pounds of pyrotol at the school, which he had secretly bought and planted in the basement of both wings over the course of many months. The second 500 lb of explosives in the south wing did not detonate, so that part of the school was not destroyed.

As rescuers started gathering at the school, Kehoe drove up and stopped his truck. During a struggle with Superintendent Huyck, Kehoe detonated dynamite stored inside his shrapnel-filled truck, killing himself and Huyck, as well as killing and injuring several others (among them a boy who had survived the initial bombing). During the rescue efforts, searchers discovered the additional 500 lb of unexploded dynamite and pyrotol planted throughout the basement of the school's south wing. These explosives, connected to an alarm clock that was supposed to act as the detonator, had been set for the same time as the other explosion.

After the bombings, investigators found a wooden sign wired to the farm's fence with Kehoe's last message, "Criminals are made, not born," stenciled on it. When investigators were done taking an inventory of the Kehoe estate, they estimated that, prior to its destruction, sale of the unused equipment and materials on the farm would have yielded enough money to pay off the Kehoes' mortgage.

One of Kehoe's sisters claimed his remains and arranged for burial without ceremony in an unmarked grave at Mount Rest Cemetery in St. Johns, Michigan. The Price family claimed Nellie's remains and had her body buried in Lansing, under her maiden name.

title: Andrew Kehoe


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Joseph Pease (railway pioneer)

Joseph Pease (22 June 1799 – 8 February 1872) was a British proponent and supporter of the Stockton and Darlington Railway Company, one of first public railway systems in the world, and was the first Quaker permitted to take his seat in Parliament.

Life
Joseph Pease joined his father Edward and other members of the Pease family in starting the Stockton and Darlington Company. In 1826 he married Emma Gurney, youngest daughter of Joseph Gurney of Norwich. They had twelve children, amongst whom, were Sir Joseph Whitwell Pease, his eldest son, and Arthur Pease (1837-1898), his fourth son. Joseph's fifth child, Elizabeth Lucy Pease, married the agricultural engineer and inventor John Fowler, a pioneer in the application of steam power to agriculture.

In 1829 Pease was managing the Stockton and Darlington Railway in place of his father. In 1830, he bought a sufficient number of the collieries in the area, to become the largest owner of collieries in South Durham. That same year, along with his father-in-law Joseph Gurney of Norfolk, and other Quaker businessmen, they bought a large tract of land at Middlesbrough, which they projected as a port for exporting coal. In December 1830, a new railway line was opened on the Stockton and Darlington railway, to Middlesbrough, for transporting the coal to the new port. In addition to collieries, he was interested in quarries and ironstone mines in Durham and North Yorkshire, as well as in cotton and woollen manufactures, and he was active in educational and philanthropic work.

In 1832, Pease was elected Member of Parliament for South Durham. As a Quaker, he was not immediately allowed to take his seat, because he refused to take the oath of office. A special committee considered the question and decided that Pease could affirm, rather than swear and thus, he was allowed to take his seat in Parliament, the first Quaker so to do. He was also unusual, in that, like most Quakers of the day, he refused to remove his hat, even when he entered the House of Commons.

Pease introduced as a bill the Cruelty to Animals Act 1835, being a member of the committee of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. The law was passed in part due to lobbying by the Society (founded 1824, since 1840 the RSPCA). The 1835 Act amended the existing legislation to prohibit the keeping of premises for the purpose of staging the baiting of bulls, dogs, bears, badgers or "other Animal (whether of domestic or wild Nature or Kind)". The Act also banned (but failed to eradicate) dog fighting and cockfighting.

Pease supported the Whig governments of Earl Grey and Lord Melbourne. He joined Thomas Fowell Buxton in the anti-slavery movement. He supported the removal of bishops from the House of Lords. He was also in favour of shorter Parliaments and the secret ballot. He retired from politics in 1841.

In 1860, Pease became the president of the Peace Society, a post he held until his death.

He wrote a poem in praise of Newington Academy for Girls, founded by Quaker scientist and abolitionist, William Allen.

Like his father before him, he is buried at the Friends Burial Ground, Skinnergate, Darlington, County Durham.

A statue to Joseph Pease stands at the junction of High Row and Bondgate, in the centre of Darlington. It was unveiled in 1875, to mark the golden jubilee of the opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway.

Joseph Pease also paid for the building of the Clock Tower in Darlington as a gift to Darlington.

title: Joseph Pease (railway pioneer)


text: Category:Prefecture-level divisions of Shandong


text: Template:The Complete Robot

title: Template:The Complete Robot


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Dagmersellen

Dagmersellen is a municipality in the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2006, the former municipalities of Buchs and Uffikon were merged into Dagmersellen, causing a one-third increase in its population and a marked increase in its territorial area.

History
Dagmersellen is first mentioned around 1070–1090 as Tagmarsellen. In 1173 it was mentioned as Tagemarsseildon.

Geography
Dagmersellen has an area,, of 23.9 km2. Of this area, 54.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 34% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 10.2% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (1.3%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). , 33.91% of the total land area was forested. Of the agricultural land, 50.86% is used for farming or pastures, while 3.73% is used for orchards or vine crops. Of the settled areas, 3.9% is covered with buildings, 0.88% is industrial, 0.42% is classed as special developments, 0.21% is parks or greenbelts and 4.78% is transportation infrastructure. Of the unproductive areas, 0.17% is unproductive standing water (ponds or lakes), 0.55% is unproductive flowing water (rivers) and 0.59% is other unproductive land.

The municipality is located in the lower Wiggertal, on the A2 motorway between Basel and Lucerne. It consists of the linear village of Dagmersellen.

Demographics
Dagmersellen has a population (as of ) of. , 605 or about 12.5% are not Swiss citizens. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 9%. Most of the population speaks German  (91.0%), with Albanian being second most common ( 2.2%) and Italian being third ( 1.6%).

In the 2007 election the most popular party was the CVP which received 37.4% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (26.7%), the FDP (24.5%) and the SPS (5.8%).

The age distribution,, in Dagmersellen is; 1,112 people or 22.9% of the population is 0–19 years old. 1,514 people or 31.2% are 20–39 years old, and 1,584 people or 32.7% are 40–64 years old. The senior population distribution is 474 people or 9.8% are 65–79 years old, 136 or 2.8% are 80–89 years old and 27 people or 0.6% of the population are 90+ years old.

The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Dagmersellen about 66.4% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either University or a Fachhochschule).

there are 1,565 households, of which 412 households (or about 26.3%) contain only a single individual. 206 or about 13.2% are large households, with at least five members. there were 837 inhabited buildings in the municipality, of which 625 were built only as housing, and 212 were mixed use buildings. There were 412 single family homes, 106 double family homes, and 107 multi-family homes in the municipality. Most homes were either two (372) or three (170) story structures. There were only 46 single story buildings and 37 four or more story buildings.

the religious membership of Dagmersellen was; 3,518 (81.5%) were Roman Catholic, and 346 (8.%) were Protestant, with an additional 107 (2.48%) that were of some other Christian faith. There are 76 individuals (1.76% of the population) who are Muslim. Of the rest; there were 10 (0.23%) individuals who belong to another religion (not listed), 114 (2.64%) who do not belong to any organized religion, 148 (3.43%) who did not answer the question.

The historical population is given in the following table:

Industry
Over the last decades Dagmersellen has turned from a farming village into an industrial town, attracting domestic and international companies due to its location.

Dagmersellen has an unemployment rate of 1.33%. , there were 312 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 106 businesses involved in this sector. 1331 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 70 businesses in this sector. 839 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 120 businesses in this sector. 52.7% of the population of the municipality were employed in some capacity. At the same time, females made up 40.6% of the workforce.

title: Dagmersellen


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title: User:Dave.Dunford


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HMS Calliope

Five ships and a shore establishment of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Calliope after the muse Calliope in Greek mythology:

 * HMS Calliope (1808) was a 10-gun Cherokee-class brig-sloop launched in 1808 and broken up in 1829.
 * HMS Calliope (1837) was a 28-gun sixth rate launched in 1837. She was used as a floating chapel in 1860 and a factory from 1865.  She was broken up in 1883.
 * HMS Calliope (1884) was a Calypso-class corvette or third class cruiser launched in 1884. She was used as a Royal Naval Reserve drill ship from 1907, was renamed HMS Helicon in 1915 and took back the name of HMS Calliope in 1931. She was sold in 1951.
 * HMS Calliope (1914) was a C-class cruiser light cruiser launched in 1914, the lead ship of the Calliope subgroup. She was sold in 1931.
 * HMS Calliope was originally the Shoreham-class sloop sloop HMS Falmouth (L34). She was launched in 1932, and renamed HMS Calliope in 1952 when she replaced the 1884 HMS Calliope as the RNR's drill ship. She was broken up in 1968.
 * HMS Calliope (shore establishment), one of fourteen Royal Naval Reserve units, is a "stone frigate" situated on the Gateshead bank of the River Tyne, between the Tyne Bridge and the Gateshead Millennium Bridge.

title: HMS Calliope


text: Category:Prefecture-level divisions of Shanxi


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ole Martin Pettersen

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was UNANIMOUS DELETE. Postdlf 00:04, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

Ole Martin Pettersen
Delete I find one reference to this person online at this website. Not being Norwegian I cannot make head nor tails of it, but strongly suspect this is a vanity article or self promotion by a non-notable actor. The phone and fax details make the website look like an actor looking for work. Along with this article an entry has been made in the June 16 article recording a time of birth by the creator of this article, 152.93.4.33. --Randolph 10:14, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment creator of the article blanked the page. --Randolph 17:09, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Pure Vanity. That link is to a different Ole Martin Pettersen (someone in the board of the Norwegian Farmers Organization)), but neither of those are notable. Shanes 21:11, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The only meaningful content (in other words, everything but the sub-stub tag and the VfD tag) was blanked by the original author. I think that's reasonable evidence that this qualifies for speedy deletion under case G7.  Rossami (talk) 23:20, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Ad and pretty lousy. Pavel Vozenilek 09:34, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Ginsu knife

I've just removed this from the article (and tidied it a little), as it's not relevant to the subject. It might be used for an article on 'Dial Media', I suppose, if there's a call for such a thing:

 Valenti and Becher opened advertising agency "Dial Media" on a shoestring budget, writing and producing their own two-minute commercial that literally crammed the content of a twenty-five minute demonstration of The Miracle Painter within it. The offbeat, high-energy commercials which opened with a man in a tuxedo painting a ceiling were an incredible success, leading Dial Media to expand their business to include a number of other items marketed in the same rapid-fire manner. Many of the duo's catch phrases actually became part of the lexicon and are used and even parodied today, phrases such as "now how much would you pay?" and "but wait, there's more! Dial's use of comedy combined with research into purchasing prime television advertising time, the use of toll-free telephone numbers to place orders and acceptance of credit cards was the forerunner of today's direct marketing industry. According to the company's website those items included:

 Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 10:15, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The Miracle Slicer
 * The Miracle Duster
 * Claudette Louberge Hosiery
 * Royal Durasteel
 * Vacufresh
 * The "Chainge" Adjustable Necklace
 * Lusterware Flatware
 * Armourcote Cookware and the subject of this article,
 * Ginsu Knives

 * I like it. Admittedly, I kind of slapped the temp page together with info from the corporate site.  This really would be better served at another article.  Good call!  Might make this my next project. - Lucky 6.9 17:48, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ginsu knife


text: Category:Protected areas of the United Kingdom


text:
Hailar District

Hailar District, formerly a county-level city, is an urban district that serves as the seat of the prefecture-level city Hulunbuir in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China. Hulunbuir, due to its massive size, is a city in administrative terms only, being mainly grassland and rural.

Long known as the "Pearl of the Grasslands", Hailar acts as a gateway between China and Russia. The district spans an area of 1,319.8 square kilometers, and has an estimated population of 365,000 as of 2010. The district serves as a regional center for commerce, trade, and transportation.

History
Hailar was founded as a Chinese fort in 1734, and during the administration of the Republic of China, it was the capital city of Xing'an Province. It was a center of agricultural production on the historical Chinese Eastern Railway. Once known as Hulun, Hailar today is a relatively small, but thriving modern industrial city of around 300,000, its population having soared from an estimated 20,000 in the mid-20th century.

After the Mukden Incident in 1931, Japan invaded China's northeastern provinces and established the puppet state of Manchukuo. Hailar Fortress, a huge underground Japanese fortress, was completed in 1937 by forced Chinese laborers. The Kwantung Army garrisoned in Manchukuo built the fortress complex as one of biggest Japanese fortifications in Manchukuo. Some of the fiercest fighting of the Soviet–Japanese War in August 1945 took place around Hailar. Prisoners of war and civilians were massacred by the Kwantung Army in August 1945 during the final month of World War II. The World Anti-fascist War Hailar Memorial Park, a museum and war memorial, is built on the site of the Hailar Fortress, parts of the fortress tunnels are open for public viewing.

Transportation
Hulunbeier Hailar Airport serves the city, with flights to Beijing and Shenyang amongst others. Hailar's railway station is the penultimate major station before Manzhouli, the port city that stands close to the Russian border. It is on the famous Western line of the Trans-Siberian express route and China National Highway 301. Trains to Harbin take about 12 hours, and 27 to Beijing. Hailar has a frequent series of buses that cover the town.

Geography
Hailar is located in close proximity to the Greater Xing'an Mountains, and has an elevation ranging from 603.0 to 776.6 m. Of the city's 1,319.8 square kilometers, 28 square kilometers (or 2.12%) of the district is urban.

Administrative divisions
Hailar is divided into 7 subdistricts and 2 towns:

Climate
Hailar has a dry-winter humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb). Winters are long, very dry and severe, due to the semi−permanent Siberian High, while summers are short, though very warm, and rather wet, due to the East Asian monsoon. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −24.8 °C in January to 20.4 °C in July, while the annual mean is −0.40 °C. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 55% in December to 69% in February, sunshine is abundant year-round, and the annual total is 2,719 hours. More than two-thirds of the annual rainfall occurs during the three summer months. The Mohe-Huma-Hailar triangle between northern Heilongjiang and Northeastern Inner Mongolia, which is almost equivalent to China's subarctic climate zone, suffers the most severe cold winter in China.

Culture
Hailar is a multi-ethnic town, with notable Han, Mongolian, Hui, Daur, Evenki, Russian populations. As such, signs are usually bilingual and Mongolian influence pervades in songs played on shop CD players, domes on buildings and the everyday speech of some locals.

Composer Vladimir Ussachevsky was born in Hailar, as well as leading news anchor Bai Yansong; the folk metal band Nine Treasures also originated in Hailar.

Sister city

 * 🇷🇺 Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia.
 * 🇲🇳 Chinggis City, Mongolia.

title: Hailar District


text:
Talk:Manic Street Preachers

Cleanup history section
I’ve been adding a bit of info to this page recently and it seems to me that the entire History section is way too long and detailed, even in comparison to other bands’ pages. I feel like it should be greatly cut down for ease of reading, although obviously still covering major events, all albums, etc. Does this sound like a fair idea? GloverMist (talk) 18:30, 21 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Agree, the history is far too long, especially so for some of the more recent albums there is far too much detail. Polyamorph (talk) 07:03, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I've started the process of cutting it down. To be honest what remains probably also needs a rewrite and resourcing. Polyamorph (talk) 09:59, 10 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks very much! That’s really good work, it’s appreciated. GloverMist (talk) 21:51, 10 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Manic Street Preachers


text:
Talk:Valet parking

This page is automobile normative. It relegates bike parking to one small corner of the page. Most of this information is incorrect or irrelevant from the perspective of bike valet. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.236.152.221 (talk) 00:10, 9 September 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Valet parking


text: User talk:217.196.232.33

title: User talk:217.196.232.33


text:
Talk:Terence Conran

Untitled
Not sure why this is marked as an artist stub - he's not an artist, is he? (Except in the very broad sense that designers are artists.) Ben Finn 10:21, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * If there are enough articles for a template, you can make one, but meanwhile it is more likely to be found by interested editors this way than with a generic stub tag. - Uppland 10:37, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * OK Ben Finn 13:09, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

WP:FOOD Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Restaurants or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. You can find the related request for tagging here -- TinucherianBot (talk) 11:21, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

Blueprint Magazine
Have removed (promotional?) links to Blueprint magazine - giving his friends £2000 to help fund a magazine does not make him a "co-founder", and he has no links at all with the present magazine in its "new era". ExLibre (talk) 09:52, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

Wives?
It ought to name the three wives, with dates of marriage and divorce. 86.184.142.75 (talk) 07:47, 7 May 2013 (UTC)

Next Plc
In the article on Next plc it says, "In 1982 Hepworth & Son acquired Kendall & Sons Ltd, a Leicester-based rainwear and ladies fashion company from Combined English Stores. The intention was to redevelop the Kendall's stores as a womenswear chain of shops. Terence Conran, the designer, was Chairman of Hepworth's at this time and he recruited George Davies, who went on to become Chief Executive of Next." So Sir Terence also had a hand in creating Britain's largest (since 2012) clothing company. I guess this should be mentioned.

Massively underplaying the importance here
I think this is massively underplaying TC's role in helping to define the taste of the post-war generations in the UK and his influence further afield – from Habitat to multiple restaurant businesses + Festival of Britain, Design Museum and so on – I've added some tags I think are appropriate on this page and will also look at the article over the next week or so to add a bit more authority and clearer explanation of his activities. It really does need inline citations. Libby norman (talk) 17:22, 9 July 2014 (UTC)

Thetford?
Terence Conrad had a factory in Thetford Norfolk? Info please — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.67.194.124 (talk) 17:48, 13 January 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Terence Conran


text: Category:Prefecture-level divisions of Sichuan


text:
Sexual Chocolate

Sexual Chocolate may refer to:
 * Sexual Chocolate, a fictional band in Coming to America
 * Mark Henry, wrestler and weightlifter
 * "Sexual Chocolate", a song on WWF The Music, Vol. 4
 * Ryan Sidebottom, cricketer
 * "Sexual Chocolate", a song by CeeLo Green from Violator: The Album, V2.0
 * Sexual Chocolate, Alanis Morissette's tour band, two members of which became Taylor Hawkins and the Coattail Riders

title: Sexual Chocolate


text: User talk:85.81.51.102

title: User talk:85.81.51.102


text:
National Democratic Action Society

The National Democratic Labour Action Society – Wa'ad (جمعية العمل الوطني الديمقراطي – وعد) is Bahrain's largest leftist political party.

History and profile
It emerged from the Popular Front, a "radical" clandestine opposition movement of socialist and Arab nationalist orientation. Under the reform process initiated by Bahrain's King Hamad, the leaders of the Popular Front returned from exile to participate in the political process through the National Democratic Labour Action (NDLA).

The NDLA's leaders supported Beijing during the 1960s Left-Left split in the Arab world between the pro-Moscow camp and the pro-China camp. The party is the first licensed political group in any of the Arab states of the Persian Gulf.

Historically, the Left in Bahrain had been very strong, partly as a result of the creation of a local working class through the Kingdom's industrialisation with the discovery of oil in the 1930s; however the waning of Arab nationalism, the collapse of communism as an ideology and the rise of the Islamist Right have marginalised the NDLA and robbed it of much of its traditional support. The party was established by returning exiles in 2002.

The current leader of the party is Fouad Seyadi, who was elected after the general assembly of the party in November 2016. One of the current known figures of the party is Ibrahim Sharif Al-Sayed, who took over in 2005 until 2012 from Abdul-Rahman Al Nuaimi. In 2005 the party renamed itself Wa'ad (وعد), which translates to "Promise". Other prominent members include: Abdul-Nabi Alekri, Ebrahim KamalAldeen, Sami Seyadi, Ali Salih and Munira Fakhro

The party suffered a very disappointing result in 2002's municipal elections when none of its candidates were elected in any constituency. Despite this, the NDLA's leaders are widely respected and retain a great deal of influence in Bahraini society. The party boycotted 2002's parliamentary elections, but took part in the Bahraini parliamentary election of 2006; among its candidates was its vice president and former Harvard academic, Munira Fakhro, who contested an Isa Town constituency against Salah Ali of Al-Menbar Islamic Society.

In June 2017, the party was banned on terrorism charges. The ban was criticised by Amnesty International and Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy. Lynn Maalouf of Amnesty International stated that "the suspension of Waad is a flagrant attack on freedom of expression and association".

Organizational structure
The Highest Authority of Wa'ad is its General Assembly which all Wa'ad active members has the right to attend, which hold its meetings every 2 years. The General Assembly elects a Central Committee which holds the legislative power until the next General assembly. The Central Committee elects in its first meeting a General Secretary and a political bureau which act as governing body for the party until the next General Assembly.

title: National Democratic Action Society


text:
Talk:Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9

Units
I see some of the ",000 km" have been turned into Mm.

Does anyone use the megametre in practice? MKS (meter-kilogram-second as referenced in the article International System of Units) astronomers tend to use "×106 m" (or, for CGS, "×108 cm"); others generally use "thousand km", in my experience. -- ALoan (Talk) 18:26, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

At one part of the page it says that temperatures rose by 10 K (18 F). 10 Kelvin does not equal 18 Fahrenheit. Is there an error? Sorry, I don't know how to post this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.45.172.37 (talk) 16:22, 22 December 2017 (UTC)

 * It now says "temperatures 10 K (−263.1 °C; −441.7 °F) higher than the surroundings", which is wrong - a temperature of 10K is a temperature of −263.1 °C or −441.7 °F), but that does not work for temperature difference, where 10K is about 10°C or 18°F. Indeed, the concept of a temperature difference of −441.7 °F makes little sense. I don't know enough about complex Wikipedia things to be able to change it. 62.3.68.174 (talk) 17:17, 27 August 2023 (UTC)

...and terms
I think ,000km is more immediately comprehendible to the general public, and astronomers too - the refs pretty much universally use ,000 km in this context. Therefore, I've switched it back.

Also, the term perizene is not ever used by astronomers. Much used here on Wikipedia is the Google test, but in astronomy you can also use the ADS test (ADS is the astrophysics data service, and has an extremely advanced search engine which covers references back to the 1850s), which in this case gives perijove an impressive 17,882-0 victory over perizene in the number of occurrences in the literature. So, I've changed that back as well. Worldtraveller 18:49, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Oops, it's not quite such an emphatic win for perijove - I had the synonym replacement turned on so it was searching for Jupiter, Jovian etc as well as perijove - it's actually 41-0. Worldtraveller 19:19, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Indeed - I was happy to read the apsis page, and see the "correct" term perizene, but from a google test it seem that no-one uses it apart from WP and its mirrors. -- ALoan (Talk) 20:00, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Clarification on Impact
One thing I hope someone could clarify... the "Impact" section says that the comet impacted Jupiter on the side hidden from earth, but that Galileo was able to observe this even though it was on it's way to Jupiter. Wouldn't that mean Galileo would also be unable to see it? Could someone clarify this, either here or on the main page, as to the path of Galileo that allowed it to see the impacts?

 * The Galileo spacecraft had an interesting journey to Jupiter, with gravitational slingshots past Earth twice and Venus once - essentially it approached Jupiter from the side. In any event, approaching direct from Earth would be difficult, due to the spacecraft's angular momentum. See this illustration -- ALoan (Talk) 11:34, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

picture mislabelled
The picture with the caption "A sequence of Hubble Space Telescope images showing the appearance of the fireball of the largest impact, that of fragment G" was in fact not taken by the Hubble. I believe it was taken by the galileo. A picture of Jupiter showing a partial phase like that could never be taken from Earth, or Earth orbit.

 * Good spot. Changed.  I also I think it was W rather than G - see this and  this... -- ALoan (Talk) 11:34, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

But now there's a mismatch between the article and the description on the image's page. Bazza 16:06, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Collision
This was not the first direct observation of two celestial bodies in collision. That was in 1178 when several people in Canteberry, England observed an object collide with the moon. A monk recorded the event. Not to nit pick. The overall article is great. Dr U 01:13, 15 November 2005 (UTC)
 * That's not what it says here http://unisci.com/stories/20012/0420014.htm! And do you mean "Canterbury" :-)

What SL9 orbits
I removed the bogus third sentance on SL9 orbiting Jupiter rather then the Sun and the reference that caused the confused sentance. I then replaced it with a (week) sentance trying to focus on what made SL9 interesting, the fact that it might hit Jupiter!

 * In fact, it was orbiting Jupiter when discovered - you can easily verify this by checking the references. User:Worldtraveller

 * The link to Worldtraveller is no longer useful (and would not count as a citation anyway). I want to know, was SL9 orbiting Jupiter when discovered or only for one orbit after discovery. I have put a CN tag after the statement and hopefully someone can clear this up. Rsduhamel 20:37, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Ah, that link was part of his signature, not one of the references to which he referred. (That comment was left in November 2005.)  The first reference currently in the article includes the sentence "Calculations of the orbit prior to 7 July 1992 are very uncertain but it seems very likely that the comet was previously in orbit around Jupiter for two decades or more."

 * I added the fact that SL9 was in orbit around Jupiter to this article back in 2004, but the reference I used at the time (which is still [web accessable]) seems to have been removed from the article since. I think it's clearer than the current reference, so I'll add it back. --Noren 16:17, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

The Cure
As I do not have much time now and I do not know where to put this trivia bit, I ask the community: On the Wild Mood Swings album (1996) The Cure had a song called 'Jupiter Crash', which commented on the crash ('Was that it?' / 'Was that the Jupiter show?' / 'It wasn't quite what I'd hoped for you know'), which is used to comment on an unsuccessful love affair. Maybe someone can add a trivia section and check the exact text? Thanks!

Zement 08:56, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Lyrics to the song can be found here: ''[Link to copyvio website removed]"

I added a trivia section today. As I am not a native speaker of English, I'd like to ask that someone checks it for errors. Thanks! Zement 09:52, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

User:Worldtraveller removed the Trivia-section for being "too tangential". Do you agree? I think hat, while the article explicitely mentions the huge media attention for the event, a trivia section should be allowed. Zement 17:40, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

Continuum?
- "Radio observations revealed a sharp increase in continuum emission at a wavelength of 21 cm after the largest impacts ..." -

"continuum" links to a disambiguation page, and none of the referral pages there seems to be relevant. Can anyone clarify this? -- 15 NOV 2005

 * I've linked continuum to Black body (radiation) as the best match I can find. -Wikibob 22:29, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Decreasing content
WorldTraveller, would you care to explain why you felt compelled to decrease the article's content? Specifically:
 * The comparison between Jupiter's Hill sphere radius and the comet's apoastron about Jupiter.
 * The Jupiter-centric eccentricity of the orbit, compared to the heliocentric value.
 * The fact that the comet's 1992 approach was well within Metis' orbit.
 * Urhixidur 03:58, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

Sure. I didn't actually feel compelled to 'decrease the article's content', I just felt compelled to ensure it was readable and understandable to an audience as wide as possible, and I removed those bits because
 * I had no idea what a Hill sphere was, or why it was being compared to the comet's apojove. I am an astronomer so I thought that would certainly be even more confusing for a layman.
 * Again, very confusing. I understand what was meant but I don't think most people would.  I couldn't see any way of rewording it without making it overly lengthy.  Also, I didn't think it was terribly important to talk about how the comet's orbit looked in the frame of reference of the Sun, as it doesn't really add anything to the reader's understanding of the comet.
 * Its significance was unclear. I've added it back now with a mention that Metis is the innermost moon.

Among the other changes I made were changing Gm to million km - this is because I think the latter is immediately understandable to a far larger number of people. This is discussed at the top of this page as well. And I removed all the redlinks to astronomers because I really think most or all of them would not warrant an article. If they do, I do too for my paper cited in Cat's Eye Nebula, and I am sure I'm not notable. Worldtraveller 11:35, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

 * A Hill sphere (not heard of that one either) seems to be the same as the Roche sphere (related to the Roche limit, no doubt, within which tidal disruption can be expected) - this should be explained. I have no idea why eccentricity around the Sun or Jupiter is that interesting (this is a comet: its orbit is bound to be wildly eccentric, however one looks at it).  The third point is clearly related to the first and looks interesting, though. -- ALoan (Talk) 12:20, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

 * « ...I have no idea why eccentricity around the Sun or Jupiter is that interesting (this is a comet: its orbit is bound to be wildly eccentric, however one looks at it... »
 * That was the whole point of the comparison: SL9's orbit was not wildly eccentric in heliocentric terms. As is typical of short-period comets, the eccentricity was mild (about 0.2). It became very accentuated (almost 1) for two reasons: 1) as a result of the capture process and 2) only in Jupiter's frame of reference.
 * Urhixidur 04:53, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Ignorance about the Hill sphere is not going to be remedied by omitting any mentions of the concept, now is it? There is an article that describes it, so fresh knowledge is just a click away. (Sarcasm off) It is indeed closely related to Roche's work, and any considerations of orbital capture unavoidably deal with it. To speak of the comet being in orbit about Jupiter is just another way of saying it is wholly within Jupiter's Hill sphere. All right, I'll try adding a paragraph that explains these bits in better fashion. Not that it matters, but I also hold an M.Sc. in Astronomy.
 * Urhixidur 04:13, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay, done. Interestingly, source 1 has SL9 be a Jupiter inner-grazer before the capture, whilst source 17 has it an outer-grazer after the capture. This may not be a contradiction (the swap may be part of the capture process), but until we can get our hands on a copy of source 1, I changed the paragraph so it gives a more geometry-neutral explanation.
 * Urhixidur 04:47, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Fine - clearly I was displaying my ignorance of solar system astronomy ;) As you say, not that it matters, but if academic credentials are at all relevant, Worldtraveller and I both have doctorates in astronomy (mine, ahem, some time ago, before I started doing something less worthwhile...) Your fuller explanations are excellent. Well done. -- ALoan (Talk) 10:35, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

rate of cometary impacts?
I've changed this claim: rate of cometary impacts on Jupiter is thought to be between two and ten times higher than the rate on Earth [15] because it was contradicted by the source it cites: for Jupiter-interacting comets of greater than 1 km diameter, a Jupiter impact takes place every 500-1000 yr, and an Earth impact every 2-4 Myr. Now every 500 to 1000 years is a rate 2 to 8 thousand times higher than the rate on Earth. Even so, out of curiosity, is a two thousand times impact rate lower or higher than would be expected from Jupiter's greater mass and capture cross-section? It orbits at 13 km/sec, compared to Earth's 29 km/sec, has 121 Earth's area, so ignoring gravity it looks like Jupiter should sweep up 55 times more objects. I've no idea how to estimate the gravity effects, but suspect that the cited rate is somehow greater than would be expected. -Wikianon 13:04, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

sources and details
I know someone is going to say, "go edit yourself". The bottom line is that I don't have sufficient time to do it well right now. However, there are quite a few small errors in the article. For example, the best models put the progenitor comet at 2 km, and the largest pieces at 0.5 km. The waves predicted included both seismic (compressional) and gravity (buoyancy) waves. The observed waves were likely the latter, as the former go much faster and have a non-constant speed (or rather the speed of their intersection with the visible surface is non-constant). Shocks were also observed. I wrote a review article for this event in 2004, and am one of the few investigators still working on it. You can get the review article here: http://physics.ucf.edu/~jh/ast/papers/Ch8_indexed.pdf Changes between this and the final proof were minor. That's not a permanent URL, so please don't link to it. The publication reference is:

Harrington, J., I. de Pater, S. H. Brecht, D. Deming, V. S. Meadows, K. Zahnle, and P. D. Nicholson 2004. Lessons from Shoemaker-Levy 9 about Jupiter and planetary impacts. In F. Bagenal, T. E. Dowling, and W. McKinnon (Eds.), Jupiter: Planet, Satellites & Magnetosphere, pp. 159-184. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

--jh-- Joeharr4 04:21, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

I looked for this article while looking for Eugene Shoemaker's name. I was a little surprised the "Discovery" section did not list the discoverers by name. Shoe has his own wiki page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Shoemaker I'll see what else I can find on this, and may update it myself when I have the moxy. Tomligon (talk) 02:10, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

Shoemaker-Levy 9 Impacting Earth instead?
Is there any scientific speculation on the impact to Earth had Shoemaker-Levy 9 hit us instead? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.168.86.197 (talk) 10:19, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * An old question, but the short answer is "catastrophic." A greater than 2-kilometer wide body hitting the planet at 37 miles/sec???                         "We believe it was a comet or asteroid measuring perhaps a few hundred meters wide," says Don Yeomans of NASA's Near-Earth Object Office at JPL. "If something of similar size hit Earth—we're talking about 2000 megatons of energy--there would be serious regional devastation or a tsunami if it hit the ocean."  Please note that other astronomers estimated that pieces of SL-9 were in the 2 kilometer range. HammerFilmFan (talk) 18:12, 16 July 2012 (UTC)

10 July 2008 changes to lead
I've made a series of small changes to the lead in an attempt to improve how it scans and remove redundancy. One edit removes the words "described as" thus changing an opinion to a fact. If it's an opinon, it was lazy wording anyway and needs attribution anyway, but I want to ensure I don't accidentally label opinion as truth. 0_o brenneman  00:26, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

 * [[Image:Jupiter_showing_SL9_impact_sites.jpg|left|40px]]I think it was a somewhat awkward way of saying that while they were somewhat smaller than the Spot they had far greater color contrast. "more easily visible" seems rather subjective in this case.  How should the spots in the picture on the left be described? --Noren (talk) 13:45, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

"Space debris"?
From the lead section: "The collision provided new information about Jupiter and highlighted its role in reducing space debris in the inner solar system." However the "space debris" article explicitly refers only to man-made objects. Axl (talk) 20:04, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

In the section Jupiter as a "cosmic vacuum cleaner" it says "Recently, however, it has been shown that the presence of a smaller planet at Jupiter's position". This sounds as if it is giving a contrasting position. But in fact that paragraph is just supporting the statements of the previous two paragraphs. BLW 21 December 2010

And in "A planet of Jupiter's mass still seems to provide increased protection against asteroids, but the total effect on all orbital bodies within the solar system is unclear." the purpose of "still" and "but" are unclear. BLW 21 December 2010 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.82.105.24 (talk) 00:17, 22 December 2010 (UTC)

1992? 1994?
The third paragraph states that SL9 passed within Jupiter's Roche limit in July 1992, and goes on to state that the fragments collided in July 1994.

Given that the second paragraph says it was discovered in 1993, I think the '92 date may be an error. Don't know though, and not sure how to research it. Perhaps someone more knowledgeable than myself can look into this. MichaelCaricofe (talk) 04:35, 26 August 2009 (UTC)

 * It is correct. The comet was discovered after it had split. -- Kheider (talk) 12:05, 26 August 2009 (UTC)

Roche
The text includes "the planet's Roche limit, inside which tidal forces are strong enough to disrupt a body held together only by gravity.".

That could be misleading.

The Roche distance is not a property of the planet alone; it depends on the ratio of the densities of the planet and the body. See the Roche limit article, etc. 82.163.24.100 (talk) 22:12, 28 February 2010 (UTC)

Isn't it a MOON?
Surely a "comet orbiting Jupiter" would be more correctly known as a MOON of Jupiter? 94.194.66.92 (talk) 17:39, 11 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Not really. The proper term is "temporary satellite capture (TSC)". -- Kheider (talk) 15:37, 12 August 2010 (UTC)

Predictions
In the grand tradition of the magazine Nature, astonishingly inaccurate predictions were published, while prescient ones were ignored. Bill Bryson tells the story in a "A Short History of Nearly Everything." An article was published entitled "The Big Fizzle Is Coming," which is available here.

http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/sl9/news9.html

The author confidently predicts an estimate that is more than 600 times less than what actually occurred. I don't feel like editing the section but maybe someone else does, as well adding to the "Criticisms" section of the Nature article if there is such a section.

Here is the relevant quote from Short History: "One week before the impact, Nature ran an article, "The Big Fizzle is Coming," predicting that the impact would constitute nothing more than a meteor shower....One fragment, known as Nucleus G, struck with the force of about six million megatons." The math is my own, but note that this is one fragment out of 21, so the magnitude of wrongness is far greater. [Bryson, Page 202, Random House, 2003.]

Allow me to further note that "cautious" is not a descriptor that can be applied to adjectives and phrases such as "thus," "will be," and "far less... than some have predicted." So much for the universally applied label "prestigious" to Nature, which frequently rejects methodical papers that don't comport with religiously held orthodox views. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.16.253.227 (talk) 04:15, 24 June 2011 (UTC)

Request move
Since this affects multiple pages, I have moved this to the manual of style. Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style/Archive_125. --Enric Naval (talk) 11:52, 25 August 2011 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: speedy close, knowingly counter to MOS and disruptive. -- JHunterJ (talk) 19:32, 2 December 2012 (UTC)

Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 → Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 – Spelling. Per the IAU comets are spelled with spaces and hyphens, not dashes. Apteva (talk) 09:23, 1 December 2012 (UTC)

Survey

 * Feel free to state your position on the renaming proposal by beginning a new line in this section with  or  , then sign your comment with  . Since polling is not a substitute for discussion, please explain your reasons, taking into account Wikipedia's policy on article titles.

 * Oppose; we follow our own style guide for punctuation and do not blindly follow "official" formatting. Powers T 17:08, 1 December 2012 (UTC)
 * No, we have no reason to incorrectly use dashes where hyphens are correctly used. Doing otherwise is just plain ridiculous. Per WP:TITLE, which is what determines titles, not the MOS, we follow common use. Does anyone really not understand how ridiculous it sounds to say we "do not blindly follow 'official' formatting"? That is not formatting, that is spelling - the choice of a character to form a name. Sure in some cases we use common use instead of official spelling, but those are the two and only two choices - official spelling or common use. What we now have is neither. What we have is a misspelling which serves no purpose in an encyclopedia. Apteva (talk) 18:47, 1 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose and close this discussion. A clear consensus was reached just a few months ago and no new arguments have been presented as to why that consensus should be overturned. The nominator seems to be doing everything possible to ensure a ban. Phil Bridger (talk) 17:30, 1 December 2012 (UTC)
 * No, a small number of editors decided to put an error into the MOS. That is not consensus. That error is now being discussed, and needs to be corrected. No, the nominator is interested in one and only one goal - the improvement of Wikipedia. Those voting to oppose the move, clearly have something other than improvement of Wikipedia in mind. Apteva (talk) 18:47, 1 December 2012 (UTC)
 * That "error" has already been discussed many times, and a far smaller number of editors has considered it an error than not. Nobody is asking you to change your opinion, but simply to stop disrupting Wikipedia by continually describing others' opinions as errors, and trying to force your opinion on everyone else when consensus has been made perfectly clear. Phil Bridger (talk) 19:05, 1 December 2012 (UTC)
 * No one is being forced to do anything. The question is, should the article be moved to be spelled what our guidelines and policy say it should be named, or should we leave it at the current title? Hopefully more editors will support the move than oppose the move, but it never hurts to find ot. Apteva (talk) 04:59, 2 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose as disruptive. Apteva has failed to convince the community centrally, so he's now trying article by article. — kwami (talk) 02:10, 2 December 2012 (UTC)
 * That's not really what I would call a valid reason for supporting or opposing a move. And it can never be called disruptive to correct a spelling error. Apteva (talk) 05:01, 2 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Consensus is that it is not a spelling error, but a stylistic variant. This has been discussed ad nauseum, and you have failed to persuade anyone. Continuing here what you have failed to achieve elsewhere is what's disruptive. — kwami (talk) 08:38, 2 December 2012 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Any additional comments:

 * Disruptive and WP:POINTy – I have filed a complaint about this RM at Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents. Dicklyon (talk) 01:53, 2 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Not the least, this is misnamed both per Wp:MOS and per WP:TITLE. Apteva (talk) 04:54, 2 December 2012 (UTC)
 * You know that is not true, or you would have continued the discussions at MOS and TITLE. — kwami (talk) 08:39, 2 December 2012 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Angular Measurements?
In the Discovery section, it says: "...comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 was an unusual comet, as it appeared to show multiple nuclei in an elongated region about 50 arcseconds long and 10 arcseconds wide." It goes on to say that "the comet lay only about 4 degrees from Jupiter as seen from Earth." Why is it using angular measurement units for distance? Ethg242 (talk) 23:05, 27 January 2014 (UTC)

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Removal of methods of observation
At one time there was material present in the article on the different ways astronomers were going to observe the event, including using probes such as Galileo and one of the Voyagers. Why was this material removed? Sephiroth9611 (talk) 22:19, 12 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Forget it. I can't read. Sephiroth9611 (talk) 01:43, 19 August 2019 (UTC)

Hatnote re Shoemaker-Levy
The hatnote says
 * "Shoemaker–Levy" redirects here. For other Shoemaker–Levy comets, see List of periodic comets.

However, that list has very little on Shomeaker-Levy comets. I'm not sure how to amend this.--Nø (talk) 12:47, 29 January 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 18:07, 24 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Max Planck Institute Shoemaker–Levy 9.gif

Predicted Footprint/Ellipses?
I curated List of landing ellipses on extraterrestrial bodies a few days ago, and I've been plowing through IAUC notices tonight trying to find the best prediction of the impact zones. As near as I can figure, it was known that they would be beyond the planet's limb (and that its rotation would bring them into terran view within minutes), but is there a citation as to which quadrant, hemisphere, band, zone, or whatever? Thx. kencf0618 (talk) 02:53, 25 January 2024 (UTC)

Unclear

 * This and other recent models call into question the nature of Jupiter's influence on Earth impacts

Looks like a hasty paraphrase job eliminated the intended meaning. It is isn’t at all clear to the reader why this is "called into question”. Viriditas (talk) 04:52, 16 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9


text:
On the Rocks

On the rocks is bartending terminology for a drink served over ice cubes.

On the Rocks may also refer to:

Literature

 * On the Rocks: A Political Comedy, a 1932 play by George Bernard Shaw
 * On the Rocks (2008 play), a play by Amy Rosenthal, directed by Clare Lizzimore
 * Wally and Osborne, formerly On the Rocks, a webcomic by Tyler Martin

Music

 * On The Rocks, University of Oregon a cappella group founded by Peter Hollens
 * On the Rocks (The Byron Band album)
 * On the Rocks (Midland album), 2017
 * "On the Rocks" (song), a 2014 song by Nicole Scherzinger
 * "On the Rocks", a single by Grieves from the album Together/Apart
 * "On the Rocks", a 1981 song by David Robinson
 * "On the Rocks", a 1995 song by The Delta 72
 * "On the Rocks", a 1982 song by Gillan 1982
 * "On the Rocks", a 1958 song by The Ramrocks
 * "On the Rocks", a 1981 song by Spookey
 * "On the Rocks", a 1979 song by the Sutherland Brothers
 * "On the Rocks", a 2014 song by The Rural Alberta Advantage

Television, film, and radio

 * On the Rocks (American TV series), an American sitcom that aired from 1975 to 1976 on ABC
 * On the Rocks (British TV series), a 1969 British television situation comedy series
 * On the Rocks (film), an American comedy-drama film
 * On the Rocks (XM), a radio station provided by XM Satellite Radio

title: On the Rocks


text: Category:Prefecture-level divisions of Xinjiang


text:
Talk:St. Petersburg paradox

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 27 August 2021 and 19 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Yibeiiiii. Peer reviewers: EyeOfTheUniverse, 5740 Grant L, Jimyzhu.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 10:06, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

About "The St. Petersburg Game" heading.
The fair price to pay for the contestant to enter the game should not be based on the expected payoff ($), but on the expected number of tosses until a win. The expected number of tosses until a win is given by: E(x) = (1/2)*1 + (1/4)*2 + (1/8)*3 + ... = ∑$x/2^{x}$ (summing the infinite terms). This is not a divergent sum and it has the result 2. The win amount for scoring on the 2nd toss is 4 dollars, so a fair price to pay to enter the game should be 4 dollars. Anyone disagree?

--Alin Jonas (talk) 14:45, 19 December 2021 (UTC)

 * As the number of tosses gets higher, the prize increases and the probability decreases. So you end up with an infinitely small chance of winning an infinitely large amount of money, right? So doesn't that balance out to unity? Or, since the prize money is infinite, and infinitely unlikely, wouldn't an infinitessimally small amount of money be the correct price to enter? Which is more or less what most people would pay, I suspect.
 * If I'm supposed to come up with the $2 stake from my own pocket, I wouldn't play. There's no profit in the odds. Of course traditional gambling adds up to a loss, too, which is why I don't do that either. 84.71.64.87 (talk) 19:19, 17 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Since you will always win at least $2 in this game, an infinitessimally small price, or anything less than $2 will be a no-brainer for the contestant...
 * But I think that the lesson to be learned from this 'paradox' is that there is no logical basis for equating fair stake and expected value, or any other mathematically defined quantity generally. Also, when dealing with infinities and divergent sums the whole idea is too far into theoretical-land anyway. First of all, this example assumes the game continues forever, but we humans live only for a short while. If the game was set to never stop, then sure, the average prize sum for all the so far participated contentasts will increase in linear fasion with no bound, but what does that matter to any of the contestants? It has already been suggested that the median value could be a better predictor, that will mean (since half of the contestans will score tail on the first toss) that $2 is fair enough. But wait, what if the win prize for tailing on the first toss was an infinite amount of money, and zero for all the other cases, would that mean than an infinite amount of money was a fair price to enter the contest? Like I said, when dealing with infinities... But you could limit the value, to say that 50 million was the win amount for tails, and zero otherwise. Would then 25 million be a good price to pay? Well, if you had significantly more than 25 millions I guess you could go for that, but you can see why this line of reasoning is kind of ridiculous. Alin Jonas (talk) 19:57, 22 October 2022 (UTC)

The solution is obvious
If someone plays the game 64 times he will on average win: $2 32 times = $64, $4 16 times =$64 $8 8 times = $64, $16 4 times = 64, $32 2 times = 64, $64 once = $64 (plus one more go) So he can expect just over 6*64 = 384 dollars.

Your expected winnings is (log base 2)+1 times the number of times you play. While it's true this tends to infinity if you keep playing forever, you would require a huge bankroll to get started. If they set the cost at $11 you would need to play around 1024 games to reach profit on average. So you would require around $10,000 to minimize the probability of ruin. And it would take days.

It's not a very good casino game, or much of a paradox. 2A00:23C6:3081:4501:418A:247D:1682:B772 (talk) 00:49, 24 July 2023 (UTC)

Theory or Expected utility hypothesis ?
? Xx236 (talk) 06:46, 14 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:St. Petersburg paradox