text:
User talk:Lopo~enwiki

Welcome!

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Happy editing! Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:48, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Hey, I've heared your parents informed you that they are actually Romani. I am sending my consolations to your family. Nergaal (talk) 06:41, 14 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Your comment was racist, not my supposedly-joke. Nergaal (talk) 07:17, 14 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Ah my bad, that was a typo, and I meant Roman, as in coming from the city of Rome. I accidentally pressed "i" when I was typing. Nergaal (talk) 16:45, 14 June 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Lopo. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Lopo~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:12, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 15:35, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lopo~enwiki


text:
Helle Thorning-Schmidt

Helle Thorning-Schmidt (born 14 December 1966) is a Danish retired politician who served as the 26th Prime Minister of Denmark from 2011 to 2015, and Leader of the Social Democrats from 2005 to 2015. She is the first woman to have held each post. Following defeat in 2015, she announced that she would step down as both Danish Prime Minister and Social Democratic party leader. Ending her political career in April 2016, she was the chief executive of the NGO Save the Children until June 2019.

Thorning-Schmidt served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Denmark from 1999 to 2004 before being elected to the Danish Parliament in 2005. She was elected to replace Mogens Lykketoft as Leader of the Social Democrats after the 2005 parliamentary election, leading her party through the 2007 parliamentary election, which was won by the centre-right alliance, and the 2011 parliamentary election, after which she was appointed Prime Minister by Queen Margrethe II, and the 2015 election. Thorning-Schmidt holds a degree in political science from the University of Copenhagen and a master's degree from the College of Europe.

Since 2020, Thorning-Schmidt has served as a Co-Chair of the Facebook Oversight Board.

Early life and education
Helle Thorning-Schmidt was born in Rødovre to Holger Thorning-Schmidt, a lecturer in mathematics and national economics at the University of Copenhagen, and his wife Grete. Her father was politically conservative and she grew up in the Copenhagen suburb of Ishøj. She attended Ishøj Gymnasium from which she graduated in 1985. Her parents divorced when she was 10 years old.

Thorning-Schmidt studied political science at University of Copenhagen, earning a cand.scient.pol. degree in 1994. She also holds a master's degree in European studies specialising in policy and public administration from the College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium, where she studied from 1992 to 1993 (she is an alumna of the Charles IV promotion). At the time, Denmark had a quota administered by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of one student at this prestigious institution, and Thorning-Schmidt was selected. In addition to her native Danish, she speaks fluent English and French.

She became a social democrat during her studies in Belgium and joined the Social Democratic Party in 1993.

European Parliament
From 1994 to 1997, Thorning-Schmidt led the secretariat of the Danish delegation of Social Democrats in the European Parliament. After her time in Brussels she worked as an international consultant with the Danish Confederation of Trade Unions until being elected MEP in 1999.

Thorning-Schmidt was elected to the European Parliament as a member of the Party of European Socialists. During the five-year term, she was a member of the Employment and Social Committee and served as a substitute on the Constitutional Committee. She co-founded the Campaign for Parliament Reform (CPR).

Member of the Folketing
In the 2005 Danish parliamentary election Thorning-Schmidt was elected to the Folketing. After the defeat in the 2005 election, in which the Social Democrats lost five seats and failed to regain the majority it had lost in the 2001 election, former Minister of Finance and party leader Mogens Lykketoft resigned his post, taking responsibility for the poor election results. In his speech of resignation on election night, 8 February 2005, he called for a leadership election in order to determine who should lead the party into the next election.

Thorning-Schmidt campaigned for the party leadership as a moderate candidate and was elected by the party members on 12 April 2005, ahead of the other candidate, Frank Jensen. She led the Social Democrats in the 2007 election, in which her party suffered modest losses and was forced into a third term in opposition. The party was also unable to regain its position as the largest party in the Folketing.

She was against holding a referendum on the European Reform Treaty. During her 2007 campaign she promised to relax restrictions on asylum seekers and immigrants. She also opposed tax cuts announced by Anders Fogh Rasmussen, instead stating she would like to see more funding for welfare. The party also campaigned on a platform of combating increased inequalities in society, and fighting global warming by supplying 45% of Denmark's energy from renewable sources by 2025.

Although her party again lost two seats in the 2007 election reducing the total to 45 seats, her leadership was not questioned by her party. In June 2008, according to a Gallup poll, the opposition centre-left was at 49.8% compared to 49.6% for the centre-right. This would leave the centre-left with 88 seats, two short of a majority, discounting the Faroe Island and Greenland seats. Since late 2009 the opposition enjoyed large majorities in the polls, and according to polls carried out in January 2011 the opposition led the governing coalition under Lars Løkke Rasmussen by 5–7 points and the Social Democrats led Venstre by 7–10 points which would make the Social Democrats the largest party by far in the Folketing.

Both Margrethe Vestager (Social Liberal Party) and Villy Søvndal (Socialist People's Party) pledged their support to Thorning-Schmidt after a potential election victory. After the 2007 election Helle Thorning-Schmidt started working towards forming a centre-left government coalition consisting of the Socialist People's Party and the Social Liberal Party with parliamentary support from the small Red-Green Alliance. As the leader of the largest opposition party in Denmark, she was described by the media as the leader of the Danish opposition.

2011 Danish election
In the 2011 parliamentary election, she was re-elected to parliament. Although the ruling Liberal Party became the largest party and gained a seat and the Social Democrats lost a seat, the opposition parties combined obtained more seats than the government coalition. Her four-party bloc gained a majority of 89 seats in the 179-seat parliament against 86 for the sitting prime minister and his center-right parliamentary supporters. Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen formally tendered his resignation to Queen Margrethe on 16 September 2011. Rasmussen's cabinet remained in office as a caretaker government until 3 October, when Helle Thorning-Schmidt was appointed prime minister by the Queen following negotiations with the other opposition parties.

First Cabinet
Helle Thorning-Schmidt officially began her first term as prime minister on 3 October 2011, after having presented her cabinet to the Queen and having received her official appointment. Thorning-Schmidt pursued a centrist compromise agenda, building several reforms with support from both sides of the Folketing. This caused friction with the supporting Red-Green Alliance, which was kept outside of influence. Thorning-Schmidt presided over the successful conclusion of NATO's strike missions in Libya, to which Denmark was a contributor, less than three weeks after taking office. During the first year in office her government rolled back anti-immigration legislation enacted by the previous government, and passed a tax reform with support from the liberal-conservative opposition. The tax reform raised the top tax threshold, effectively lowering tax rates for high income earners. The aim of the tax reform was to increase labour output to fend off a projected shortage within the next decades. The stated goal was to entice Danes to work more in order to compensate for the decreasing workforce, by lowering tax on wages and gradually lowering welfare payments to those outside of the labour market to increase the economic benefit of working relative to receiving welfare. Despite effectively lowering tax rates on high income earners, tax revenue continued to increase from 831,172 million Krone in 2011, to 901,001 million Krone in 2013, and eventually reached 954,473 million Krone in 2015 by the end of her time in office. These effective reductions were in line with the 2009 tax reforms of Anders Fogh Rasmussen, a Venstre prime minister preceding her, which is likely why she received liberal-conservative support.

On 9 August and 12 December 2013, amid tensions between coalition partners, Thorning-Schmidt made cabinet reshuffles.

Second Cabinet
On 30 January 2014, the Socialist People's Party announced their departure from Thorning-Schmidt's government due to a conflict over the proposed sale of DONG Energy shares to Goldman Sachs. Before departure, they also announced they will support Thorning-Schmidt although not being a part of her government.

Thorning-Schmidt led her party into the 2015 general election in which her party increased its share of votes and seats. However, the Social Liberals lost nine seats, leaving the left bloc without enough support to remain in office. Within an hour of the results being declared, she announced her resignation as both prime minister and leader of the Social Democrats.

Electoral history
Thorning was the leader of the Social Democrats through seven electoral campaigns.

Life after politics
Having lost the Danish general election of 2015, Thorning-Schmidt stepped down as prime minister and as leader of the Social Democratic Party. It was announced that she would become her party's member of the Presidium of the Folketing, and she served as the Presidium's 1st Vice-President. On 4 September 2015, Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen announced that the Danish government had nominated Thorning-Schmidt as Denmark's official candidate to the position as new United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

After her retirement from Danish politics, Thorning-Schmidt served as the CEO of Save the Children from 2016 until 2019.

Following the resignation of Ghassan Salamé as head of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) in 2020, the American Government proposed Thorning-Schmidt as special envoy to focus on mediating peace in Libya; according to media reports, however, she withdrew herself shortly after.

In May 2020, Thorning-Schmidt joined the Facebook Oversight Group, established as an independent entity within Facebook, Inc. She was appointed as a full board member (one of twenty) who as a board have initially adjudicated on deleted Facebook posts in 2021.

Also in 2020, Thorning-Schmidt was appointed by the World Health Organization's Regional Office for Europe to serve as a member of the Pan-European Commission on Health and Sustainable Development, chaired by Mario Monti. From 2021 to 2022, she was a member of the Trilateral Commission’s Task Force on Global Capitalism in Transition, chaired by Carl Bildt, Kelly Grier and Takeshi Niinami.

In addition, Thorning-Schmidt has held several other paid and unpaid positions, including:

 * Friends of Europe, Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2020)
 * Vestas, Member of the Board of Directors (since 2019)
 * DBU's Women Commission to promote women's football in Denmark, Chairperson of the commission (since 2016)
 * International Commission on Financing Global Education Opportunity (led by Gordon Brown), Member (since 2015)
 * United Nations High-level Advisory Group for Every Woman Every Child, Member (since 2016)
 * International Crisis Group, Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2016)
 * Atlantic Council, Member of the International Advisory Board
 * Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), Member of the Global Board of Advisors
 * Scaling Up Nutrition Movement, Member of the Lead Group (since 2016, appointed by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon)
 * Berggruen Institute, Member of the 21st Century Council
 * European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR), Member
 * Center for Global Development, Member of the European Advisory Group
 * Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Member of the Board
 * Progressives Zentrum, Member of the Circle of Friends

Personal life
Thorning-Schmidt married Welsh politician Stephen Kinnock in 1996, becoming the daughter-in-law of Neil Kinnock, former Leader of the Opposition and leader of the British Labour Party and European Commissioner, and Glenys Kinnock, former British Minister for Europe. She met her husband while they were both attending the College of Europe. They have two children, daughter Johanna and son Milo. Thorning-Schmidt lived in Copenhagen with their children, while her husband partly resided in Davos, Switzerland, where he worked as a director for the World Economic Forum. In 2014, he worked for London-based Xyntéo as managing director for the "Global Leadership and Technology Exchange", but was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Aberavon at the 2015 United Kingdom general election. The family have been living in Kilburn, London since Thorning-Schmidt became CEO of Save the Children, whilst also spending time at Kinnock's constituency in Port Talbot. Thorning-Schmidt has also campaigned for her husband and for the British Labour Party.

Although Thorning-Schmidt has been baptized into the Church of Denmark, she is not confirmed. She occasionally goes to church but does not believe in eternal life, salvation, heaven, or hell.

Tax affairs
In August 2010, the Danish tax authorities (SKAT) investigated reports that Thorning-Schmidt's husband, Stephen Kinnock, was guilty of tax evasion. Kinnock had declared that he was not a resident of Denmark and thus not subject to Danish taxes, while at the same time Thorning-Schmidt had declared, in an application for dispensation for Kinnock to own property in Denmark, that he resided in Denmark "every weekend of the year from Friday through to Monday". Thorning-Schmidt attributed the discrepancy to a "big and sloppy error". On 16 September 2010, Danish tax authorities acquitted the couple and the charges of tax evasion were dropped.

A week before 15 September 2011 elections to the Danish Parliament, the 2010 decision from SKAT (the taxation department) surfaced in the Danish tabloid B.T. The case had been leaked to the newspaper several months previously. It turned out that from 2000 to 2008 Thorning-Schmidt had made use of tax deductions applicable to her husband, even though he was not subject to Danish taxes and had no income in Denmark. The mistake was corrected by SKAT for the three years from 2006 to 2008, and Thorning-Schmidt paid the amount she had saved due to the error. She was however not required to pay the amounts saved for the six years from 2000 to 2005, because of the statutory time limit for liability in such cases.

In November 2011, the daily Politiken disclosed that the Tax Ministry deputy chief Peter Loft had attended several meetings attending to the Thorning-Schmidt case and had tried to insert comments into the final resolution text. This would be unlawful under Danish law as the Tax Ministry may not interfere with the decisions taken in individual tax cases. This set off a flurry of speculation in the press, as to whether there had been any political pressure from the then government to pursue a stricter course in the tax case. The Tax Minister in the new government, Thor Möger Pedersen, subsequently asked Peter Loft and the director of the revenue service's Copenhagen branch, Erling Andersen, to give a report on the happenings. On 2 December, Pedersen disclosed that he had found such big discrepancies in the two reports that he would set up a commission of inquiry to determine the actual course of events.

Further controversy erupted when two days later the tabloid daily, Ekstra Bladet, reported that they had also been offered the confidential information that was made public during the election campaign. The source of the leak was determined to be Peter Arnfeldt, spin doctor for then Minister for Taxation Troels Lund Poulsen. This led to intense media speculation that the former government, and specifically Troels Lund Poulsen, were engaged in leaking confidential tax information and trying to pressure the revenue service into changing its decision in the case, in an active attempt to discredit the opposition leader in the then imminent election. This would constitute a hitherto unseen level of abuse of power in Danish political life. The commission of inquiry that had already been announced two days previously, was broadly supported by the Danish Parliament to also look into whether the former government was involved in, or knew of, the leak. On the same day, Troels Lund Poulsen announced he would be taking an indefinite leave of absence from the Danish Parliament. Peter Arnfeldt has been reported to the police by the Ministry for Taxation. In March 2012, Peter Loft was suspended from his post as deputy chief, for the duration of the two-year investigation period.

Selfie controversy
In December 2013, Thorning-Schmidt, British prime minister David Cameron and US president Barack Obama faced criticism on social media that they had behaved inappropriately after posing for a "selfie" taken with Thorning-Schmidt's mobile phone during the memorial service for the former South African President Nelson Mandela. Defending her actions, Thorning-Schmidt said, "There were lots of pictures taken that day, and I just thought it was a bit fun. Maybe it also shows that when we meet heads of state and government, we too are just people who have fun." Cameron said he was being polite when Thorning-Schmidt asked him to take part in the picture. On a previous occasion, Thorning-Schmidt had stopped her car to ask for a picture with the actress Sarah Jessica Parker after spotting her signing autographs in Oslo.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Helle Thorning-Schmidt


text:
Newbridge, Caerphilly

Newbridge (Trecelyn) is a town and community in the county borough of Caerphilly, south Wales. It lies within the historic boundaries of the county of Monmouthshire.

Etymology
The Welsh placename for Newbridge is often incorrectly shown on OS Maps as Cefn Bychan. It is in fact Trecelyn, meaning "the town of the holly trees".

History
The town is located within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire, considered by some to be a part of England until the late 20th century.

In medieval times what are now the separate townships of Abercarn, Cwmcarn and Newbridge were known as Abercarne, a manorial title which goes back to the Norman period. Until quite recently the three townships were also within the boundaries of the ancient parish of Mynyddislwyn.

Newbridge, as its name implies, was the name of land around the "new bridge" built across the Ebbw River towards the end of the 18th century. Newbridge was then a predominantly Welsh agrarian community of rural farms and sheep pasture with a low population.

In the valley, the chief farms were Ty-Llydd, where the new vicarage now stands, Tynewydd, where the Newbridge Hotel stands, Ty-hir, the house which stands next to the Beaufort Arms, and the Newbridge corn mill which stood near the South Celynen Colliery. The modern road pattern did not exist—all activity and commerce took place along the mountain tracks, which led over Mynyddislwyn and Mynydd Maen. Adjacent to the tracks were the more prosperous farms, Hyfod Fach, Glanshon and Cillonydd.

The coal-mining boom
Towards the end of the 18th century, Newbridge was established as a farming community around a new bridge across the Ebbw River. Like many towns in the area, it underwent a population explosion and socio-economic change with the arrival of coal mining in the 19th century. The mines attracted workers from the English West Country and West Midlands, Cornwall, Scotland, Mid Wales and further afield. The Celynen Collieries Workingmen's Institute, (the "Stute") and Memorial Hall (the "Memo") together became, like many miners' institutes, the communal heart of the town. The local collieries enjoyed a reputation for highly skilled miners, a productive workforce and non-radical politics, and the community had thriving shops, churches, chapels and sports teams.[citation?]

Modern Newbridge
Mining eventually ceased in the mid-1980s, after surviving the 1926 general strike, the 1930s Depression and post-war nationalisation, but became unsustainable following the UK miners' strike (1984-1985). The Institute became a drinking club.

Since the end of coal mining, new leisure facilities have been constructed in Newbridge. Residents have also reported the return to the area of birds such as herons, buzzards and kestrels.

After some delays, the Ebbw Valley Railway, originally running from Ebbw Vale Parkway (as of 17 May 2015 extended to Ebbw Vale Town) to Cardiff Central railway station, opened in February 2008. Newbridge is one of 8 stations on the line.

A bridge linking the main town of Newbridge with the school and leisure centre over the Ebbw River was completed at a cost of over £3 million and was opened by Joe Calzaghe and his father, Enzo Calzaghe in November 2009.

Sport and leisure
Newbridge Rugby Union Football Club plays in the WRU Championship.

Newbridge Cricket Club play on the Welfare Ground and are a South Wales Premier League side, fielding 2 senior sides plus junior sides and a Women and girls side.

Newbridge Town AFC play in the 7th tier of Welsh football, the North Gwent Premier League, and were champions for the 2022/23 season.

Newbridge Boxing Club is the base of Team Calzaghe whose famous member Joe Calzaghe retired in 2009 as an undefeated world champion.

Newbridge has a public leisure centre which was opened in January 1997. The complex includes a swimming pool and a fitness suite which was enlarged from one to two floors in 2007. The second floor is a viewing area which looks over the pool.

Workingman's Institute & Memorial Hall
The Celynen Collieries' Institute (1908) and Memorial Hall (1925) on High Street, are both listed buildings, the Memo being Grade II*. The Institute is unusual as the miners themselves built it, borrowing the money through a private mortgage. The Memo was built to commemorate the 75 Newbridge men who died in the First World War. It is still the focus of Armistice Day and Remembrance Sunday activities every year. The Memo contains a ballroom with a sprung dance floor and an art deco auditorium which was designed to be both a theatre and a cinema. Both buildings now provide community facilities for local groups and societies, live music and community events but are both in urgent need of repair. After the mines closed, the Institute & Memorial Hall lost its income and became a drinking club. In 2004, when the local council was considering purchasing the land for a car park, a public meeting called by local MP Don Touhig led to the formation of The Friends of Newbridge Memo who got the buildings onto the BBC2 programme Restoration. They narrowly missed winning the final but received assistance from the Heritage Lottery Fund to begin the long process of raising money to restore both buildings. After a development grant was awarded by the Heritage Lottery Fund in summer 2009, Cadw and Caerphilly County Borough Council are actively supporting the scheme and the Big Lottery awarded £500,000 in December 2009. In July 2010 it was announced that the Heritage Lottery would grant the project £2.9 million to restore the buildings.

Education
Newbridge Secondary School (formerly known as Newbridge Comprehensive School and Newbridge Grammar School before that) is located in the town, catering for some 978 pupils aged 11 to 16. Tynewydd Primary School in Greenfield, Pantside Primary School, and Pentwynmawr Primary School cater for 4-11 year olds.

Notable people

 * See also Category:People from Newbridge, Caerphilly

Notable people to have grown up in Newbridge include, world-champion boxer Joe Calzaghe CBE; Kim Simmonds of Savoy Brown; Steve Strange, frontman of New Romantic band Visage; and Sir Terry Matthews OBE, high-tech entrepreneur and owner of the Celtic Manor Resort. British Lions and Welsh rugby union captain and coach John Dawes OBE is from Chapel-Of-Ease, near Newbridge. Elliot Dee who plays rugby for Wales was born and raised in Newbridge. The town also hosts the Newbridge Celynen Brass Band that over its time has won many awards and competitions.

title: Newbridge, Caerphilly


text:
Homburg Castle

Homburg Castle is an old hill castle in Nümbrecht, Oberbergischer Kreis in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

History and construction
The Homburg is first mentioned in records of 1276. Gottfried I of Sayn from the House of Sponheim (1247-1283/84) transferred his castrum Homburg to the German King Rudolf of Habsburg, in order to place it under his protection. He received the castle back as an inheritance. The castle was the residence of the Counts of Homburg, an imperial fiefdom (Reichsherrschaft).

From 1635 Count Ernst von Sayn-Wittgenstein altered the castle to its present-day appearance. One hundred years later the line of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg took over its management; the structure then fell into disrepair. Not until 1904 was its decline halted and, in 1926, a museum, founded by Hermann Conrad, took over the premises. Today it is the Museum of Oberbergisches Kreis.

In 1999 during an excavation, a stone keep of about 12.5 metres diameter was uncovered. Experts estimate that it dates to the 11th century. A consequence of this was that the history of the castle had to be reassessed to that time.

At the beginning of 2005 the district council decided to upgrade the castle. Their plans included inter alia the expansion of the 'Red House' (Rotes Haus) and the construction of a central cash desk and toilet area. The old orangery was to be torn down and replaced by a new two-storey administration and exhibition building.

Other buildings on the castle site
In the immediate vicinity are a sawmill and mill with a bakery. In addition, in the former farmhouse building, the 'Red House', the castle's tithe barn, is the headquarters of the Oberberg Biological Station, whose main fields of work are the scientific and practical support of the Oberberg nature reserves and various landscape conservation projects.

Homburg Castle nature trail
The nature trail was established in 2004. This is a circular walk that was the initiative of the Oberberg Biological Station and German Forest Conservation Society (Schutzgemeinschaft Deutscher Wald).

The footpath and nature trail starts at the castle and runs through Homburg Bröl and Huppichteroth, past the historic Holstein Mill and the Dicke Steine back to Homburg Castle. Nine information stations have been set up along the route which describe the natural environment around Homburg Castle and the Bröl meadow to walkers.

The stations are:
 * Forests around Homburg Castle (Wälder um Schloss Homburg). Here the visitor can learn about the individual types of trees species using viewing boxes.
 * The Oak (Die Eiche). Here the life of an oak is explained with the help of annular rings, and the height of an oak can be measured.
 * Cultural Landscape (Kulturlandschaft). The diverse cultural landscape is explored together with the individual habitats using a telescope.
 * Village Life (Lebensraum Dorf). This explains how man and nature live side-by-side. Several bird calls may be heard here.
 * Hedge (Hecke). The planting of hedges as well as the life in the hedge is explained using diagrams and a picture board.
 * Tree-Top Platform (Baumkronen-Plattform). A platform built in the tree tops offers an unusual perspective with information boards that describe life in this part of the wood.
 * Bröl Meadow (Brölaue). Here the water level and the animal life in the Bröl stream is demonstrated using viewing screens and a rotating wheel.
 * Dicke Steine. The origin of this natural monument is clearly explained.
 * Woodpecker Wood (Spechtwald). At this station there is a view of a spotted woodpecker nest.

The Homburg Castle nature trail is about 2.8 km long and the walk generally takes 1.5 to 2 hours.

title: Homburg Castle


text:
File:The Witness box art.jpg

Box art for The Witness (1983 video game). Source: http://gallery.guetech.org/witness/witness.html, with permission.

title: File:The Witness box art.jpg


text:
User talk:Eplant

Welcome!

'''Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my New-Users' Talk Page.'''

Additional tips:
 * Here are some extra tips to help you get around Wikipedia:
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 * Click on the Edit button on a page, and look at how other editors did what they did.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: ~~~. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too. Always sign comments on Talk pages, never sign Articles.
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Happy editing! Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:52, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Eplant


text:
The Witness (1983 video game)

The Witness is an interactive fiction video game published by Infocom in 1983. Like Infocom's earlier title Deadline, it is a murder mystery. The Witness was written in the ZIL language for the Z-machine, which allowed it to be released simultaneously on many systems. It is Infocom's seventh game.

Plot

The game takes place in Cabeza Plana, a quiet and fictional (the name is Spanish for "Flathead", from Zork mythology) suburb of Los Angeles, California in February 1938.

Freeman Linder, a local millionaire, has begged the police for protection from a man named Stiles. The player's character is a detective assigned one evening to check out the wealthy man's claims: is Linder seriously in danger or just another rich eccentric? Before the player can decide, a window explodes and Linder collapses, dead.

The case of possible harassment has just become a murder, with the player as the only witness. With the help of Sgt. Duffy (last seen in Deadline), the player has until sunrise to solve the mystery. Motive, method, and opportunity must all be established to secure a solid arrest and the optimal ending. There are two ways for the player to die.

Development
Enjoying playing Deadline more than Zork, Stu Galley decided to write another mystery game as its counterpart; while Deadline is set in the eastern United States on a summer day, Witness is set in the West Coast at night. For authenticity, he obtained a 1930s Sears catalog and researched contemporary slang; the radio plays the programs that aired on the day the game occurs in.

Release
Included in each package of The Witness were the following supplementary items:

 * Virginia Linder's suicide note addressed to her daughter Monica
 * A telegram from Freeman Linder pleading for protection from Stiles
 * A matchbook from The Brass Lantern Chinese restaurant
 * A February 1938 issue of the fictional magazine National Detective Gazette
 * Two pages of a real issue of the Santa Ana newspaper The Register, with two articles added about Virginia and Freeman Linder

Reception
Creative Computing wrote "Infocom has come up with another fine game with Witness ... If you have ever longed to work with Philip Marlowe, Miss Marple, or Lord Peter Wimsey, Witness is the next best thing." Dan Gutman in Compute! stated that "The Witness is the latest in Infocom's masterful series in all-text adventures, and it may be their best one yet". He praised the game's feelies and period-accurate prose style, and said that the addition of Duffy avoided Deadline's tendency to "bog down". Gutman cautioned, however, that only those who enjoyed intricate puzzles would like The Witness. BYTE agreed on the game's difficulty, and stated that author Stu Galley "apparently read enough of the [hard-boiled mystery] genre to emulate the style without mocking it", with "quick but thorough and evocative" descriptions. The magazine praised the feelies, and concluded that "Galley and the Infocom staff have succeeded in designing what Sherlock Holmes would call a 'three-pipe problem.'" PC Magazine gave the game 11.0 points out of 12. It stated that the quality of the text parser and intricate plot balanced the "scant" 28 locations in the game.

The Witness received the award for "1984 Best Computer Adventure" at the 5th annual Arkie Awards where judges warned those who thought text adventures were "passe" that the game had "run away with the Arcade Award" just as Infocom's previous text adventure, Deadline, had the previous year.

title: The Witness (1983 video game)


text:
FOX-7

FOX-7 or 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (DADNE) is an insensitive high explosive compound. It was first synthesized in 1998 by the Swedish National Defence Research Institute (FOS). The name FOX-7 is derived from the acronym of the Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), with the I replaced by an X to indicate an explosive, as in RDX and HMX.

FOX-7 is similar to the insensitive chemical compound TATB, which is a benzene ring compound with three amino and three nitro groups. FOX-7 has a two-carbon backbone rather than a benzene ring, but the amino and nitro groups have similar effects in both cases according to published reports on the sensitivity and chemical decay processes of FOX-7. FOX-7 is stoichiometrically identical (but structurally unrelated) to the explosives and propellants RDX and HMX, and therefore produces the same quantity of gas per gram, a key determinant of performance.

By various measures, such as dropped-weight impact, friction force, temperature of ignition, and response to heating under confinement, it is less sensitive than the benchmark explosive RDX, while having performance slightly greater than the same. Its explosive properties appear extremely favorable; in addition to its insensitive properties, the detonation velocity of mixtures of 80% FOX-7 plus binders is as high as Composition B, and nearly pure FOX-7 based plastic bonded explosives are slightly superior to RDX. FOX-7 has been calculated to have a detonation velocity of 8,870 m/s. Charges composed of EVA-coated FOX-7 granules pressed into pellets of 92% theoretical maximum density were found to have a detonation velocity of 7730 m/s, compared to 7630 m/s for a similar RDX/EVA composition, and 5% greater detonation pressure.

FOX-7 is produced as of 2018 by EURENCO Bofors AB of Sweden, having been made in batches up to 7kg in 2001. In laboratory-scale synthesis, material costs were calculated at ~AU$3000/kg (prices in 2002 AUD) using prices from research chemical suppliers. At that time, FOX-7 could be purchased from NEXPLO Bofors AB at SEK3200/kg. Due to its small-scale production, the cost of FOX-7 is relatively high. However, the production is based on commercial starting material and the synthesis is uncomplicated.

FOX-7 is an attractive subject for research and development due to its combination of insensitivity and power. FOX-7 performs similarly to RDX, one of the most powerful explosives and propellants in use, unlike other insensitive high explosives under investigation, such as TATB, nitrotriazolone, TEX, and 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105). Due to the need for less sensitive munitions, FOX-7 is being investigated at many military research centers, including in Australia, India, the USA, and Sweden.

title: FOX-7


text:
Dick Traum

Dick Traum (November 18, 1940 – January 23, 2024) was an American disability runner and businessman who was the founder of the Achilles Track Club for disabled athletes. In 1976, he completed the New York City Marathon, becoming the first runner to complete such an event with a prosthetic leg after being the first at shorter distances. He also collaborated with Marathon founder Fred Lebow in drawing more disabled athletes into the marathon. In the 1980s he became the first amputee to finish a 100 km ultra event, in Poland.

In 1993, Traum wrote A Victory for Humanity.

Terry Fox credited reading an article about Traum's marathon running inspired his cross-Canada run for cancer research.

In 2010, Traum was inducted into the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. The Achilles Track Club was renamed Achilles International in 2004. Dick remained the CEO for 37-years before retiring in 2019. He was inducted to the NYRR Hall of Fame in 2018. As of 2019, he'd run the marathon distance more than seventy times and was the oldest athlete from New York City to run that year's Boston Marathon.

Traum died on January 23, 2024, at the age of 83.

title: Dick Traum


text:
Greytown

Greytown may refer to one of several places:
 * Greytown, KwaZulu-Natal, a town in South Africa
 * Greytown, New Zealand, a town in the southern North Island's Wairarapa region
 * Greytown, Nicaragua, the capital city of the municipality of San Juan de Nicaragua

title: Greytown


text:
Bowline on a bight

The bowline on a bight is a knot which makes a pair of fixed-size loops in the middle of a rope. Its advantage is that it is reasonably easy to untie after being exposed to load. It is one of the two tie-in knots that are being taught by the German Alpine Club (DAV), generally being considered secure.

Dangers
2011 testing shows that the knot might slip when only one loop is loaded. Cavers and canyoneers ought to fasten their cow-tail carabiner through both loops. European cavers widely advocate the use of a figure eight twisted version of the bowline on a bight.

Applications
This knot can be used to provide a toe hold in the middle of a rope; to make an emergency bosun's chair; and to create an upper rope "block" to make a crude purchase by threading the rope round an anchor point and then back up through the loop. It is sometimes used in sport climbing to tie into two anchor bolts independently. This knot is convenient when a dependable loop is required but neither end of the line is available. It's also commonly used as a seat while being hoisted as there are two secure loops as opposed to the traditional one loop bowline. In theory, this knot would make hoisting many people with one line possible. This knot is very popular in caving as it allows the load to be spread between two anchor points, reducing the stress placed on them and providing a backup should one fail. Commonly known as the Y-hang it allows for a free-hang descent and can be easily adjusted to avoid waterfalls or rub points.

As mentioned earlier, this knot can replace the figure-eight knot when tying into a climbing harness by tying a regular bowline knot and then re-threading it, such as is done with a figure eight knot. However, it is critical to use a strong backup knot with plenty of tail beyond the knot, as the knot may untie during long climbs. The advantage of using this knot instead of the figure eight knot is that it can be easily untied after a severe fall.

Technique
The bight of rope is initially used to make a bowline in the usual way (picture on right). However, the bowline is not completed by going on round the standing end(s) and tucking the bight back down beside itself. Instead, the bight is opened up to allow the whole knot to pass through it (see picture on right). When tightened, the bight now embraces the pair of standing ends (see top picture)

title: Bowline on a bight


text:
Tabua

A tabua is a polished tooth of a sperm whale that is an important cultural item in Fijian society. They were traditionally given as gifts for atonement or esteem (called sevusevu), and were important in negotiations between rival chiefs. The dead men would be buried with their tabua, along with war clubs and even their strangled wives, to help them in the afterlife. Originally they were very rare items, available only from beached whales and from trade from neighbouring Tonga (where the practice may have originated), but when the market became known in the early 19th century thousands of teeth, and fake teeth made from ivory and walrus tusks entered the market. This trade led to the development of the European art of scrimshaw.

Today the tabua remains an important item in Fijian life. They are not sold but traded regularly as gifts in weddings, birthdays, and at funerals. The tabua is also increasingly used in advertising as a trusted symbol or brand, for example Fiji Airways has a Tabua Club (frequent flyer) and a Tabua Class for business class. They also feature on the Fijian 20 cent piece.

Exporting of tabua
As tabua are a cultural item and the tooth is sourced from an endangered species, the removal of tabua from Fiji is highly restricted at 225 exports per year. Permits from the Ministry of iTaukei Affairs are required as well as CITES permits. Original CITES permits must be presented to border officials of the importing country or tabua may be seized. In 2007, New Zealand authorities returned 146 tabua to Fijian authorities that had been seized due to having been illegally exported without valid CITES permits.

title: Tabua


text:
Talk:Profinite group

Inverse systems
Something perhaps needs to be said about the inverse systems? I mean, these are supposed to be indexed in such a way as to have a 'filtering' property? What is said about ind-finite isn't correct, anyway, unless the direct system tells you more than cyclic subgroups being finite, which is just a torsion group.

Charles Matthews 17:58, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * What it seems to amount to categorically is that a profinite group is a cofiltered limit of finite groups where the cofiltering category is also a partial order, and an ind-finite group is a filtered colimit where the filtering category is a partial order. The "inverse system" and "inductive system" terminology appears to be archaic from this point of view. In fact, some people even call the relevant functors "profinite groups", although this is not standard. - Gauge 05:39, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

Can we say more about the functors involved here? If limits and colimits are going to be introduced, it seems best to show how the construction of profinite groups fits that definition. Exactly which categories are involved is not even clear to somebody who isn't a specialist. Dennis Muhonen (talk) 10:35, 15 July 2013 (UTC)

natural topology
A profinite group, as defined here, doesn't have a natural topology until one selects an isomorphism with an inverse limit. It is still unclear whether the topology of a profinite group is unique, hence it's not proven that the given definitions are equivalent (i.e. that they define equivalent categories). This question is equivalent to the following:

Is every profinite group isomorphic to its profinite completion?

A group for which this holds is called strongly complete.

Zhw 00:52, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Oh, I recently asked this and got some wonderful replies. It has been known for a long time that there are many profinite groups that are not isomorphic to their profinite completions.  Indeed, the profinite completion of a profinite completion is virtually never itself (usually the cardinality bumps up).  However for finitely generated profinite groups everything is now much nicer.  It was recently shown (published announcement in 2006, probably somewhat announced in 2005, proof published in 2008) that the topology on finitely generated profinite group is unique and every finitely generated profinite group is strongly complete. JackSchmidt (talk) 04:02, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

Title
Why is this article called "Pro-finite group" rather than "Profinite group"? The unhyphenated form is by far the most common in the literature. I intend to move the article if there are no objections. --Zundark 15:24, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

 * OK, I've moved it. I should probably remove the excess hyphens in article text too. --Zundark 15:39, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

inverse system
Given an arbitrary group G, there is a related profinite group G^, the profinite completion of G. It is defined as the inverse limit of the groups G/N, where N runs through the normal subgroups in G of finite index (these normal subgroups are partially ordered by inclusion, which translates into an inverse system of natural homomorphisms between the quotients).

How can it be that the normal subgroups of finite index of an arbitrary group are partially ordered by inclusion? Take Z/10Z under addition. The subgroups <2> and <5> are both normal and of finite index but 5 belongs to <5> and 2 belongs to <2> but neither belong to the other. Thus we have neither <2> in <5> nor <5> in <2>. The set Z/pZ of subgroups of prime index of Z is also a counter example.

How can we construct the profinite completion of Z/10Z? How can we have an inverse system if (Z/10Z)/<5> is a two element group and (Z/10Z)/<2> is a 5 element group? There can never exist a surjective homomorphism from the 5 element group to the 2 element group.

--Gtg207u (talk) 01:49, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

 * A partial order doesn't require all elements to be comparable - that's a total order. Any set of sets is partially ordered by inclusion.

 * In the case of Z/10Z, there are four normal subgroups (of finite index). There's no inclusion between the subgroups of orders 2 and 5, so there's no homomorphism between the corresponding quotients in the inverse system. --Zundark (talk) 09:25, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

 * The profinite completion of Z/10Z is the group Z/10Z with the projections n + 10Z maps to n + kZ for k=1,2,5,10. The inverse system has two more homomorphisms in it, the projections n + kZ maps to n + 1Z for k=2,5 from Z/kZ to Z/1Z.  Here I am using the natural isomorphisms of (Z/nZ)/(kZ/nZ) = Z/kZ when k divides n. JackSchmidt (talk) 14:17, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

thank you sincerely. --Gtg207u (talk) 15:41, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

Small stuff
The word 'discrete' in front of 'discrete finite groups' seems redundant. aren't all finite groups discrete? --Wishcow (talk) 18:11, 13 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Of course, you can give every topological space the coarse topology, where only the empty set and the whole space are open. If the space contains more than one point, this topology isn't discrete. Spaetzle (talk) 08:27, 18 July 2011 (UTC)

Krull Topology
A google for "Krull Topology" lists this page as the 2nd result, and yet this page doesn't even define the Krull topology anywhere. It simply says that "The topology we obtain on Gal(L/K) is known as the Krull topology", which is woefully inadequate in my opinion.

Can someone actually include the definition of the krull topology for a profinite group on this page? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.203.167.50 (talk) 21:32, 25 February 2013 (UTC)

 * The Krull topology is the name given to the topology on Gal(L/K) when it is viewed as a profinite group as described in that paragraph. RobHar (talk) 06:21, 26 February 2013 (UTC)
 * I think what you might be asking for is what is the profinite topology on an inverse limit, and quite surprisingly this doesn't seem to appear on this page (it is however discussed at Inverse limit).RobHar (talk) 06:24, 26 February 2013 (UTC)

problem with first definition
"A profinite group is a topological group that is isomorphic to the inverse limit of AN inverse system of discrete finite groups." so.. any inverse system? so for example if take an inverse system given by a single discrete group? do I get that ALL discrete groups are pro finite? this is certainly false, so I see a problem in the first definition!--78.6.83.200 (talk) 16:58, 29 January 2019 (UTC)

 * The definition is correct. Note that it says an inverse system of discrete finite groups. So the inverse system can consist of a single discrete group, but that group must be finite. --Zundark (talk) 17:34, 29 January 2019 (UTC)

Circle group restrict to algebraic coordinates
Could we say the Circle group, intersected with the set of algebraic points on the x-y plane, is profinite?UsingNewWikiName (talk) 15:31, 10 August 2020 (UTC)

 * No, because it's not compact. --Zundark (talk) 20:09, 10 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Profinite group


text:
Talk:Ike Turner

REWRITE . . . SO FAR . ..
THE ARTICLE IS EXCESSIVELY WORDY WITH POOR SENTENCE STRUCTURE. THERE ARE ALSO A LOT OF STATEMENTS WITHOUT VERIFICATION, SOME POTENTIALLY LIBELOUS. HERE IS WHAT I HAVE, THUS FAR:

Ike Wister Turner (November 5, 1931[1][2] – December 12, 2007) was an Americanmusician, bandleader, songwriter, arranger, talent scout, and record producer. In a career that lasted more than half a century, his repertoire included blues, soul, rock, and funk. He is most popularly known for his 1960s work with his then wife Tina Turner in the Ike & Tina Turner revue. Turner won two Grammy Awards and was nominated for three others.[7] Alongside his former wife, Turner was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1991 and in 2001 was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame.

Early life (1931-45) [edit]

Ike Turner's birthplace and childhood home at 304 Washington Avenue in the Riverton neighborhood of Clarksdale, Mississippi.[15] Turner was born in Clarksdale, Mississippi, on 5 November 1931, to Beatrice Cushenberry (1909–195?), a seamstress, and Isaiah (or Izear) Luster Turner, a Baptist minister. The younger of two siblings, Turner had an elder sister, named Ethel May.[11] Turner believed for many years that he was named Izear Luster Turner, Jr. after his father. He discovered his name was registered as Ike Wister Turner while applying for his first passport.[11] He never discovered the origin of his name.

Turner had claimed that his youth was troubled. His birth father died when Ike was a boy. Turner alleged that his stepfather was a violent alcoholic[11]. Turner also claimed to have been molested as early as six. (NEW SECTION HEADING HERE) Turner said that as a boy he began hanging out at the local Clarksdale radio station, WROX, located in the Alcazar Hotel in downtown Clarksdale. WROX was notable as one of the first radio stations to employ a black DJ, Early Wright, to play blues records.[21] DJ John Frisella put Turner to work as he watched the record turntables. Soon he was left to play records while the DJ went across the street for coffee.[22] Turner described this as "the beginning of my thing with music."[23] This led to Turner being offered a job by the station manager as the DJ on the late-afternoon shift. The job meant he had access to all the new releases. On his show he played a diverse range of music, playing Louis Jordan alongside early rockabilly records.[19] Ike Turner was inspired to learn the piano on a visit to his friend Ernest Lane's house, where he heard Pinetop Perkins playing Lane's fathers' piano. Turner convinced his mother to pay for him to have piano lessons with a teacher; however he did not take to the formal style of playing, instead spending the money in a pool hall, then learning boogie-woogie from Perkins. He taught himself to play guitar by playing along to old blues records.[24][25] At some point in the 1940s, Turner moved into Clarksdale’s Riverside Hotel, run by Mrs. Z.L. Ratliff.[26]The Riverside played host to a great number of touring musicians, including Sonny Boy Williamson II and Duke Ellington. Turner associated and played music with many of these guests.[18]

Music career [edit]

Tophatters to Kings of Rhythm (1946–1952) [edit]

Main article: Kings of Rhythm

See also: Rocket 88

In high school, a teenage Turner joined a huge local rhythm ensemble called The Tophatters, who played dances around Clarksdale, Mississippi.[3] Members of the band were taken from Clarksdale musicians, and included Turner's school friends Raymond Hill, Eugene Fox and Clayton Love.[27][28] The Tophatters played big-band arrangements from sheet music. Turner, who was trained by ear and could not sight read music, would learn the pieces by listening to a version on record at home, pretending to be reading the music during rehearsals.[3] The band had over 30 members and eventually split into two,[29] with one act who wanted to carry on playing dance-band jazz calling themselves The Dukes of Swing; the other, led by Turner becoming the Kings of Rhythm. Said Turner: "We wanted to play blues, boogie-woogie and Roy Brown, Jimmy Liggins, Roy Milton."[3] Turner would keep the name of the band throughout his career, although it went through considerable lineup changes over time. Their early stage performances consisted largely of covers of popular jukebox hits. They were helped by B. B. King, who helped them to get a steady weekend gig and recommended them to Sam Phillips at Sun Studio.[30] In the 50s, Turner's group got regular airplay from live sessions on WROX-Am,[21] and KFFA radio in Helena, Arkansas.[31]

Sun Studio at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis, Tennessee, where in 1951 Turner and the Kings of Rhythm recorded Rocket 88, one of the first Rock and roll records. Turner would later work at the studio as in-house producer forSam Phillips. About this time, Turner and Ernest Lane became unofficial roadies for blues singer Robert Nighthawk, who often played live on WROX. The pair sat in playing drums and piano on radio sessions and supported Nighthawk at blues dates around Clarksdale. His association with Nighthawk [32] gave him access to opportunities to play for other headliners around the “?chittlin’ circuit”, such as Sonny Boy Williamson II (Alex "Rice" Miller),Howlin' Wolf, Charley Booker, Elmore James, Muddy Waters and Little Walter.[23] Performances typically lasted for about twelve hours, from early evening to dawn the next day. Turner described the scenario to an interviewer:

“

We played juke joints; we'd start playing at 8.00pm and wouldn't get off till 8.00am. No intermissions, no breaks. If you had to go to the restroom, well that's how I learned to play drums and guitar! When one had to go, someone had to take his place.[23]

”

[33] (NEW ROCKET 88 HEADING NEEDED.)

It was around this time that Turner and his band came up with the song, "Rocket 88". The song was written as the group drove down to Memphis to record at Sam Phillips' Sun Studios. Turner came up with the introduction and first verse, the band collaborated on the rest with Brenston, the band's saxophonist, on vocals. Phillips sold the recording to Chess in Chicago, who released it under the name "Jackie Brenston and His Delta Cats". Although, the record sold approximately half a million copies, Turner claimed he was paid a meagre $20. And he success of the record caused tensions and ego clashes in the band. Jackie Brenston to leave to pursue a solo career, taking some of the original members with him. Turner, without a band and disappointed his hit record had not created more opportunities for him, disbanded the Kings of Rhythm for a few years.[33]

Session musician and talent scout (1952–1956) [edit]

After the brief success of Rocket 88, Turner became a session musician and production assistant for Sam Philips and the Modern Records owners the Bihari Brothers. He began by contributing piano to a B. B. King track "You Know I Love You". Joe Bihari insisted on Turner's services on another King track 3 O'Clock Blues. It became King's first hit.[4] Bihari also signed him as a talent scout, paying him to search out southern musicians who might be worth recording.[33] Turner also wrote new material for the artists to perform, which, unknown to him theBihari Brothers registered the copyright on. Turner estimated he wrote 78 hit records for the Biharis. Artists Turner discovered for Modern included Bobby Bland, Howlin' Wolf and Rosco Gordon. He played piano on sessions with them and other lesser known artists such asThe Prisonaires, Ben Burton Orchestra, Little Milton, Matt Cockrell and Dennis Binder.[4] While he was contractually obligated to the Bihari Brothers, he continued to work on the sly for Sam Phillips at Sun Studios, where he was effectively the in-house producer. His conflicting business commitments caused problems. Turner cut two Howlin' Wolf tracks, "How Many More Years" and "Moanin' at Midnight," which Phillips sent to Chess Records. Turner then took Wolf across the state border, re-recorded the tracks without Phillips' or Chess's knowledge, and sent these cuts to Modern/RPM. Turner also attempted to poach Elmore James from Trumpet Records and record him for Modern. Trumpet found out and Modern had to cancel the record. However James did eventually sign for Modern, with Turner playing piano on a recording of James at Club Desire in Canton.[4][34]

St. Louis (1956–59) [edit]

In 1956, Turner took a reformed version of the Kings of Rhythm north to St. Louis,[35] including Kizart, Sims, O'Neal, Jessie Knight Jnr and Turner's third wife --3RD WIFE??? WHO WERE THE OTHER TWO???-- Annie Mae Wilson Turner on piano and vocals. It was at this time that Turner moved over to playing guitar to accommodate Annie Mae, taking lessons from Willie Kizart to improve.[36][37] Turner maintained strict discipline over the band by insisting they live in a large house with him so he could conduct early morning rehearsals at a moment's notice. Up until the age of 30, Turner was a teetotaler --check spelling-- and had never taken drugs. He insisted all members of his band also adopt this policy, and would fire anyone he even suspected of breaking the rules.[11] He would also fine or physically assault --serious accusation-- band-members if they played a wrong note. Starting off playing at a club, Kingsbury's ---spelling correct???-- in Madison, Illinois, within a year Turner had built up a full schedule of gigs, establishing his group as one of the most highly rated on the St. Louis club circuit, and vying for popularity with their main competition, Sir John's Trio featuring Chuck Berry. The bands would play all-nighters in St. Louis, then cross the river to the clubs of East St. Louis, Illinois, and continue playing until dawn. In St. Louis for the first time Turner, was exposed to a developing white teenage audience who were excited by R&B. The Club Imperial, which was popular with white teenagers, The Dynaflow, The Moonlight Lounge, Club Riviera and the West End Walters all were venues for the New Kings of Rhythm. In addition to Kingsbury’s the group also played Club Manhattan and The Sportsman in East Saint Louis.[36][37]  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Johncheverly (talk • contribs) 03:43, 19 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Please do not add multiple - in this case, a ridiculously large number of - tags to the article without proper explanation. Please do not copy and paste large sections of article text onto this page - it makes it extremely difficult, if not impossible, to see what changes you are proposing. Please also consider making minor edits - such as sub-headings - to the article yourself.  If other editors do not agree with your suggestions, they will revert you, and there can then be a more focused discussion here.  Please do not SHOUT by using capital letters - at me or anyone else.  It's rude.  And please remember to sign your posts on talk pages with four of these: ~   Ghmyrtle (talk) 08:47, 19 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Hey John, if you want to rewrite the article, may I suggest you do it in your userspace? Somewhere like User:Johncheverly/Ike Turner draft? That way, you can edit it as many times as you feel necessary without clogging up the talk page? Thanks. Go   Phightins  !  10:44, 19 March 2013 (UTC)
 * @Ghmyrtle and  Go  I am going to put this in my sandbox to work on and delete this section.  In all my years of using Wikipedia and my brief months of editing, the Ike Turner article is the most poorly written accumulation of syntax that I have ever waded through.johncheverly 18:19, 19 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Your comments are noted. However, please assume good faith, and please avoid making personal attacks - implicit or explicit - on the many very experienced editors who have contributed to the article so far.  Several projects have graded the article as C class - plenty of room for improvement, but by no means one of the worst articles here. It would probably be a very good idea for you to bring specific suggestions for improving the text here to the talk page first, rather than making the edits yourself, so that we can achieve a consensus on the changes necessary.  Ghmyrtle (talk) 19:15, 19 March 2013 (UTC)

The popular nature of this aricle - is this a True Crimes site or an Encyclopedia
"popular" writing style adopted in this article:

"Turner recounted how he was introduced to sex at the age of six by a middle-aged lady called Miss Boozie. Walking past her house to school, she would invite him to help feed her chickens, and then take him to bed. This continued for some years. Turner claimed to not be traumatized by this, commenting that 'in those days they didn't call it abuse, they called it fun'. He was also sexually molested by two other women before he was twelve."

Really. I'm from the UK and we call it the "entertainment" industry for a reason. The tone of this article needs to be balanced - less of an "exposé" to more of a "solid biography". In any encyclopedia its common to find points to do with personality but a balance has to be struck - when sensationalism becomes the main feature of any article then scholarship gives way to false accounting.

As a good example we have Suetonius writing on the Caesars - great book but I'd reserve judgement.

Sluffs (talk) 19:53, 14 April 2013 (UTC)

Rocket 88 Credit
Jackie Brenston was credited with writing "Rocket 88." Turner certainly had a prominent role in the recording, but the way this currently reads, it's as if Turner was the primary composer. I suppose we'll never know for sure, Turner claimed to have written the song, but no one in the media ever asked Brenston's opinion on the matter. Brenston died nearly 30 years before Turner did, so perhaps Turner's claims should be taken with a grain of salt. I'd like to reword this to indicate that Brenston was credited with writing the song, but Turner's piano intro was later used nearly note-for-note by Little Richard in "Good Golly Miss Molly." There are sources for both of these statements. Where is the source for Ike having written the first verse, and the group collaborating on the rest? That should be removed if there is no source. Both the Brenston and Rocket 88 wikipedia articles indicate that Brenston was credited with writing the song. If you know of the source, please let me know. I'll take a crack at editing in a few days. Tidewater 2014 (talk) 16:36, 5 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Your interpretation looks correct to me - go for it. Ghmyrtle (talk) 16:56, 5 January 2016 (UTC)
 * My rather extravagant X-mas present to myself was Peter Guralnick's new biography of Sam Phillips - who recorded Rocket 88. Phillips was not impressed with the songs that Turner's band played for him and he asked if they had any more.  They had something that "they'd been working on - it wasn't fully rhymed up, but it got a pretty good reaction whenever they did it. . . ... it was an almost literal take off on Jimmy Liggins' 1948 hit "Cadillac Boogie," with the words changed a little."  They started off with Ike singing it but Phillips was not happy and asked if anyone else in the band could sing it.  Ike said, Brenston  could do it, ,"which was ironic, the other members of the band must have thought, because it was, after all, Jackie's song."  (pp. 105-106).  What ever that means in terms of who wrote it.  Einar aka Carptrash (talk) 18:54, 5 January 2016 (UTC)

Done, and I decided not to mention the songwriting, since this is Turner's article. The Brenston writing credit is seen in both the Brenston and Rocket 88 articles. I focused more on Turner's piano playing. If anyone has read either of the Turner biographies, it may be worthwhile to include his thoughts on the songwriting issue, if it was discussed. Tidewater 2014 (talk) 21:58, 14 January 2016 (UTC)

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111115022308/http://thecelebritycafe.com/interviews/ike_turner.html to http://thecelebritycafe.com/interviews/ike_turner.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121122192559/http://www.bostonphoenix.com/boston/music/other_stories/documents/01647283.htm to http://www.bostonphoenix.com/boston/music/other_stories/documents/01647283.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100328115233/http://www.premierguitar.com/Magazine/Issue/2009/Dec/Ike_Turner_The_Soulful_Style_of_the_Electric_Blues_R_B_Guitarist.aspx to http://www.premierguitar.com/Magazine/Issue/2009/Dec/Ike_Turner_The_Soulful_Style_of_the_Electric_Blues_R_B_Guitarist.aspx
 * Added tag to http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/news.php?id=79208
 * Added tag to http://www.fender.com/en-GB/news/index.php/?display_article=226
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110926152051/http://www.grammy365.com/chapters/memphis-chapter to http://www.grammy365.com/chapters/memphis-chapter
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081217122243/http://voanews.com/english/archive/2007-12/2007-12-13-voa18.cfm to http://voanews.com/english/archive/2007-12/2007-12-13-voa18.cfm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 06:44, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

Dubious sentence and overall tone
I have marked the following sentence as dubious: "The facts surrounding Turner's marriage to Anna Mae Bullock (Tina Turner) have been very publicly debated." Not sure what this even means. Overall, I found this article to be a bit slanted. Some other wording (which I have edited out) seemed to imply that Tina Turner's account of Ike Turner's abuse is suspect. This is a bit odd, considering that Ike repeatedly admitted to the abuse in writing. SunCrow (talk) 03:39, 24 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Looking at the article now, I am even more concerned about the tone and POV. Every time Ike's domestic violence toward Tina is mentioned, the article goes out of its way to cast doubt on Tina's accusations and to make her the "bad guy". The lede even goes so far as to say that Tina's accusations of domestic violence "impacted his career". It's sort of like saying that Woodward and Bernstein's reporting impacted Nixon's career. Furthermore, the article is almost endless and includes a good deal of minute detail that doesn't need to be there. I plan on making some edits to address both issues and have tagged the article accordingly.SunCrow (talk) 10:40, 1 December 2019 (UTC)
 * This article is shorter than the article on Jimi Hendrix and Ike Turner's career spanned 6 decades. The lede says "Turner's cocaine addiction and legal troubles, together with accounts by Tina Turner of domestic violence (published in her autobiography I, Tina and the portrayal of him in its film adaptation What's Love Got to Do with It), impacted his career in the 1980s and 1990s." That does not make Tina Turner look like the bad guy. It explains the implications of what happened to his career.Twixister (talk) 17:39, 1 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes, Woodward and Bernstein's reporting did impact Nixon's career. The difference here is that Tina didn't deserve what she got. Martinevans123 (talk) 17:45, 1 December 2019 (UTC)
 * This isn't about our opinions on what Tina deserved. It's just stating facts. After the revelations of their marriage he received negative publicity. That isn't to say it wasn't warranted, it's just stating the implications of his drug addiction and the release of her book which led to the movie.Twixister (talk) 18:10, 1 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes agree, facts. I'm struck my "opinion". But it is still my opinion. Martinevans123 (talk) 18:12, 1 December 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm concerned about edits that claim to remove "a good deal of minute detail that doesn't need to be there". It is undeniable that Turner was a very important figure in the development of rock music, and, if material is well referenced, the presumption should be that it should remain.  The article is long but not excessively so, given the length and significance of his career.  I endorse the points made by .  Ghmyrtle (talk) 20:41, 1 December 2019 (UTC)

Two marriages
The Marriages section contains these sentences: "In 1995, Turner married St. Louis native singer Jeanette Bazzell. They met in 1987; she started as an Ikette before becoming his lead singer. They divorced in 2000, but remained friends. On October 8, 2006, Turner married Audrey Madison in Las Vegas after six years of dating. They met in 1993; she started as an Ikette before becoming his lead singer....". Assuming that this is factually correct - that they both started as Ikettes, and both became his lead singers - there surely needs to be at least one "also" in there... otherwise many readers will think that this precise duplication of wording may be a drafting error that has occurred somewhere along the line in the editing process. Ghmyrtle (talk) 10:40, 29 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Like Tina, it seems Audrey was also beaten by Ike, as she says in her autobiography. Jeanette also notable in her own right, it seems. Martinevans123 (talk) 17:51, 1 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Indeed. Ghmyrtle (talk) 12:50, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
 * I've added two "also"s. Martinevans123 (talk) 14:29, 12 February 2020 (UTC)

death of father was industrial accident, no racism
https://web.archive.org/web/20130131131240/http://www2.gibson.com/News-Lifestyle/Features/en-us/King-of-Rhythm_-Remembering-Ro.aspx

this is your own footnote nr 18, why playing racism card?

"After his father died terribly from an industrial accident and his mother had a nervous breakdown, Turner was raised by Mrs. Z.L. Ratliff, the proprietor of Clarksdale’s Riverside Hotel, a former African-American hospital where the blues singer Bessie Smith breathed her last." 2003:CA:A74B:AB00:F1FC:826D:F685:A821 (talk) 05:40, 25 May 2023 (UTC)

POV, other
Basically this sentence "According to Turner, Tina suggested Ann fill in as an Ikette because although she could not sing, she was attractive." Possibly has a POV of whoever written that sentence.

Also, Mia was born Cicily Rashale Turner not born with the name Mia, according to her birth certificate obtained by the California Birth Index and on Ancestry, which says she was born in Bakersfield, California in 1969. post says the same too. Her birth certificate was also shown on Daily Mail, which is unreliable but the picture gives a full sense of what was Mia’s birth name. Also see this is correct too. Don't prove me wrong but I am correct. TheGreatestLuvofAll ( chat with me ) 21:04, 20 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ike Turner


text:
Aldrich Public Library

The Aldrich Public Library is the public library serving the city of Barre, Vermont. It is located at 6 Washington Street in the city center, in an architecturally distinguished Classical Revival building constructed in 1907–08 with funds bequested by Leonard Frost Aldrich, a local businessman, and was substantially enlarged in 2000. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.

Architecture and history
The Aldrich Public Library is a prominent feature of downtown Barre, at the northeast corner of Washington and Elm Streets, across Washington Street from Vermont City Park. It is set back from the intersection, accessed via paved walkways traversing a lawn. It is a two-story building, with a steel frame and brick veneer exterior trimmed in local granite. The front facade is three bays wide, the center one projecting. Banded brick pilasters with Doric capitals articulate each of the bays. The outer bays have three-part windows on each level, set in a shared keystoned granite surround. The main entrance is recessed in the center section, with flanking Ionic columns. It is topped by a decorative granite frieze, and there is a balconied three-part window above. The stairway leading to the entrance is framed by granite sidewalls topped by original Beaux-Arts iron globe light fixtures.

The oldest documented library in Barre was a small subscription library established in 1848. In 1873, the Barre Library Association was organized, as a formal subscription library stored in local businesses and homes. A second subscription library, the French Barre Library, was founded in 1887. These two collections were merged when the Aldrich Library was built in 1907–08. The Aldrich Library was made possible by a bequest from Leonard Frost Aldrich, a local businessman who had died without issue. His bequest included funding for construction of the building and the acquisition of books for its collection. The city council originally sought to have a building completely faced in local granite (the city's primary business), but this was found to be cost prohibitive, and a compromise construction of brick trimmed in local granite was developed by the architect, Penn Varney of Lynn, Massachusetts.

title: Aldrich Public Library


text:
Radical Liberal Party

Radical Liberal Party may refer to:

 * Radical Liberal Party (Luxembourg), a political party in Luxembourg
 * Radical Liberal Party (Paraguay), a political party in Paraguay
 * Authentic Radical Liberal Party, a political party in Paraguay
 * Unified Radical Liberal Party, a political party in Paraguay
 * Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party, a political party in Ecuador
 * Radical Liberal Party, a fictional left-wing Confederate party and the main opposition of the Whig Party in the Southern Victory series

title: Radical Liberal Party


text: User talk:Weightshead

title: User talk:Weightshead