text:
The New Yankee Workshop

The New Yankee Workshop is an American half-hour woodworking television series produced by WGBH Boston, which aired on PBS. Created in 1989 by Russell Morash, the program was hosted by Norm Abram, a regular fixture on Morash's television series This Old House.

Overview
The New Yankee Workshop featured the construction of woodworking projects, including workshop accessories, architectural details and furniture projects ranging from simple pieces to complex, high-quality reproductions of antique classic furniture. In the course of 21 seasons, approximately 235 projects were produced. In addition to furniture and cabinets, the show also focused on outdoor projects such as the building of a gazebo, shed, greenhouse, sailing boat, flag pole, mail box, cupola, and fences. He also goes to different places that are related to woodworking.

Theme song
The New Yankee Workshop theme song consists of a fast-paced guitar tune with a harmonica sound. It is composed by Peter Bell and David Mash of Musictech Productions.

Set design
The shop where the show was produced is owned by Morash and is located on his property even though the viewer was given the impression that it was in Abram's backyard.

The shop is 936 sqft in size. The famous sliding barn door faces west. Along the west wall is the "back bench" and drill press. Along the south wall is the miter bench and storage unit, radial arm saw, and (not seen in episodes) a computer, a TV, and a small office area. The east wall of the shop has a staircase leading to a loft area, jig storage, horizontal edge sander, and dust collector. The north wall houses sheet goods, router table, bar clamps, wide belt sander, planer, jointer, band saw, and various mobile tools. The center area of the shop consists of the table saw and associated outfeed tables as well as a large assembly table. In the northeast section of the building is a separate finishing room.

Cancelation
On October 16, 2009, WGBH Boston announced that no further episodes of New Yankee Workshop would be produced. In remarking on the end of the show, Abram stated, "We've had a great run, built challenging projects, met wonderful woodworkers and received loyal support from millions of viewers." Abram later claimed that the entire duration of the show was fully funded through underwriting and could have kept going, but he decided he had accomplished everything he wanted to do and wanted to spend more time with his family.

Until September 5, 2022, episodes of The New Yankee Workshop were available to stream on NewYankee.com and through the This Old House Insider subscription service. Project plan PDFs were also available with the Insider subscription. It was announced that the license agreement between Morash Assoc., Inc. WGBH Educational Foundation, Linnor, Inc. and This Old House Ventures, LLC (parent company Roku, Inc.) had expired and episodes would no longer be available through This Old House.

On January 13, 2023, the New Yankee Workshop YouTube channel posted a video of Russell Morash announcing the availability of episodes on YouTube. After giving a tour of the New Yankee Workshop Morash ended the video by stating, "We are thrilled to know that YouTube is now showing The New Yankee episodes to a whole new generation of people who may have somehow missed out the first time it was around, and now they're available anytime you tune to YouTube and want to watch a feast of woodworking. It's all there and it's all for you to enjoy and I certainly hope you do."

Award nominations

 * Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Service Show, Russell Morash (1997, 1998, 2000)
 * Daytime Emmy Award for Single Camera Editing, Gary Stephenson (1999)

Episodes
Over the course of its 21 seasons, at least 235 projects were built on New Yankee Workshop.

Season 1 (1989)

 * The closing credits for the first eight seasons of The New Yankee Workshop consisted of an exterior shot of the workshop with a sign in it, as we see Norm Abram closing the workshop door, and gets ready to go home and have dinner with his family.
 * On early episodes of this season, with the workshop door already opened, a dog is seen running away while Norm puts his tools away. For the rest of the entire season, after Norm puts his tools away, he moves the table, and the corner cupboard out of the way, and closes the workshop door.

Season 6 (1994)

 * This was the last season to use the News Plantin credits font, which had been used since Season 1.

Season 7 (1995)

 * Starting with this season, the end credits are shown in a Copperplate font.

Season 8 (1996)

 * Beginning this season, Norm Abram is credited as master carpenter in the closing credits.

Season 9 (1997)

 * Starting with this season, The New Yankee Workshop introduced a new closing sequence. It shows an exterior shot of the workshop. Then, Abram opens the workshop door, and walks out to get some fresh air. Then, Abram walks back in the shop. It was also used for reruns of older episodes on HGTV.

Season 10 (1998)
Season 10 introduced a new episode numbering system. Previous seasons had been numbered in three digit format using the season number (1-9) as the first digit, and the episode number making up the last two digits. So, for example, the third episode of the 4th season would be episode number 403. Starting with this season, episode numbers consisted of four digits with the first two digits representing the last two digits of the year in which the season first aired and the last two digits representing the episode number within that season. So, the fourth episode of the 10th season, having first aired in 1998, would be episode number 9804.

Season 20 (2008)
Season 20 varied slightly in format from previous seasons in that the first nine episodes were devoted to a single, larger project. This project involved a kitchen remodeling and focused on cabinet construction. The kitchen being remodeled belongs to Morash. Season 20 also represented the last season in which original projects were constructed for the show.

Season 21 (2009)
Season 21 stood out from other seasons in that it had approximately twice the number of episodes of any previous season. The season also varied from previous seasons in that no new projects were built. Instead each episode rebroadcast a project built in a previous season. All of the rebroadcast episodes were from either the ninth or tenth season. Each "new" episode consisted of the original episode prefaced by a newly recorded introduction by Abram.

title: The New Yankee Workshop


text:
User talk:Doppelganger~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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Zzyzx11 | Talk 18:28, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Doppelganger. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Doppelganger~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:30, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 12:16, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Doppelganger~enwiki


text:
Mona, Jamaica

Mona is a neighbourhood in southeastern Saint Andrew Parish, approximately eight kilometres from Kingston, Jamaica. A former sugarcane plantation, it is the site of a reservoir serving the city of Kingston and the main campus of the University of the West Indies.

Name
The neighbourhood is named for the former Mona Estate.

Geography
Mona is bordered by the neighbouring communities of Liguanea, Hope Pastures, Beverly Hills, August Town, and Papine.

Mona Reservoir
The Mona Reservoir replaces the system of aqueducts that were used at the sugar plantations and then the city of Kingston. The reservoir is now the main water source for Kingston and a recreational area for hikers.

History
Much of Mona was on what was earlier part of estate holdings awarded to British officers who took over Jamaica from the Spanish in the 1655.

Mona Estate
The Mona Estate was once a large sugar plantation with water supplied via stone aqueducts. Evidence of its existence can be found in the ruins of water wheel, mills, and aqueducts on the Mona campus of the University of the West Indies.

Gibraltar Camp
During World War II, a refugee camp was established for Gibraltarian and Jewish refugees from Portugal and Spain. By 1942, approximately 1,500 evacuees from Gibraltar, a British territory, were in Jamaica; other civilians were evacuated to Britain and Madeira. They were removed to make way for a military force of 30,000 who fortified the area against German attack.

To speed up the development of the camp, barrack frames were built on the Jamaica-bound ship. The camp was situated on 252 acres of the former Mona Estate. It had housing for the evacuees, staff, and Roman Catholic priests and nuns. Facilities included a hospital, police station, and store. It was outfitted with electrical, water, and telephone service. There was a kosher kitchen and synagogue for Jewish refugees. People who had a trade could work within the camp.

The camp was designed to take 7,000, but the population of Malta had refused to be moved to Jamaica and the authorities wanted to use the unused capacity as a prisoner of war camp or as barracks for the local militia in 1943.

University of Technology
Formerly the College of Arts, Sciences and Technology (CAST), the University of Technology offers hospitality and architectural programmes. It has the largest sculpture garden in the Kingston area.

University of the West Indies
In 1948, the Mona campus was established as a college of the University of London. It is the first campus of the multi-campus University of the West Indies system. In October 1948, it accepted 33 medical students. In 1949 and 1950, Natural Science and the Arts were added to the curriculum, respectively. It now offers undergraduate, masters and doctoral courses in a wide range of subjects.

The University of the West Indies Mona campus is situated on the former site of the camp. Wooden buildings erected for the refugee camp were repurposed to become the original campus structures, which included lecture halls, laboratories, residence halls, and office buildings. These buildings were augmented with new construction that began in the early 1950s. Ruins from the Mona Estate, a sugar plantation, are present on the campus, including a water wheel, aqueducts, and mills. The chapel was built from stone blocks from an old, abandoned mansion in Trelawny.

University Hospital of the West Indies
The University Hospital of the West Indies was opened in 1953. In addition to offering patient care, the hospital also facilitates research and teaching along with the Medical Services department of the Mona campus of the University of the West Indies.

title: Mona, Jamaica


text:
Talk:Colfe

Untitled
Note: An exact copy of this article is at Abraham Colfe. TAS 18:28, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Colfe


text: User talk:69.173.200.3

title: User talk:69.173.200.3


text:
Talk:General Electric J79

Smoke in afterburner?
Based on what I read (and what I've seen), I think the bold part of the following quote is incorrect as the afterburner actually reduced the smoke output considerably:

 * It proved highly successful, although experience in the Vietnam War was to show the disadvantages of its smoky exhaust, particularly in afterburner

Please correct me if I'm wrong! --172.176.149.204 18:29, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * shuddup

You are correct. J79 smoked at military power but ran fairly clean in afterburner. Emt147 06:34, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Relevance of XB-70 crash to J79 article?
I'm not sure what the GE photo shoot has to do with the J79. I don't think it really belongs here and is discussed elsewhere where more appropriate.J79Thrust (talk) 04:43, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Uh, that really doesn't tell us much. Inappropriate how? - BillCJ (talk) 04:56, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

 * It is discussed in the XB-70 article, where it is an important aspect of that airplane's history. It also has a place in the F-104 article, but it has little to do with the J79 itself. -J79Thrust (talk) 05:04, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I really don't see a problem, but go ahead and take it out. I didn't add it in here, so I can't guess at why the original editor thought it was relevent. Perhaps his username was J57 or J75, I don't know :) - BillCJ (talk) 05:15, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I must have picked the wrong name to try to edit anything about the J79.... I don't necessarily mind the reference to the crash, but it seemed to me out of place and I was just looking for another opinion. -J79Thrust (talk) 05:24, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

 * It's OK. The more I thought about it, the more I see your point here,a nd I'm sorry for being so contentious about it. Having no actual connection with the engine or the aircraft it has powered, I've always thought the J79 one of the better engines made, and admired it from afar. I think the F11F-1F with the J79 was probably the one of the better fighters never to enter production, and a far improvement over the J65-powered F11F-1. A victim of politics, and bad timing, as often happens to otherwise good designs. - BillCJ (talk) 05:47, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

Deletion of XF4D/J79 development flight tests
Curious why the portion of the old J79 article about follow on J79 development testing in one of the XF4D airplanes was deleted in the new version of the article? For an easy to get to reference, all I can give for the actual use of the airplane is from Joe Bauger's website, which I have seen in other discussions here as being something of reasonable value. The Baugher article on the F4D has a blurb about the J79. http://home.att.net/~jbaugher1/f6_1.html Otherwise there is a book called "Seven Decades of Progress" by the General Electric Company.

I'd like to see something about J79 pre-service development with something more than the B-45 added back into this article--it was a very important step in the engine's entry into service. J79Thrust (talk) 03:36, 19 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I took it out because according to Angelucci-The American Fighter the only engines used in the XF4D were the J35 and J40, with the J57 used for production. The next aircraft the F5D Skylancer was designed around the J79 according to him but it used the J57. I've got to go out but will have a look into this later. Baugher is usually reliable but we have had problems at FA level using his site as a reference. Cheers Nimbus (talk) 08:37, 19 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I found a good reference for Skyray J79 use in Bill Gunston's Fighter's of the Fifties and added in what was there. Nimbus (talk) 15:29, 19 April 2008 (UTC)

Outperform?
it was one of the first US-designed engines to outperform designs from the United Kingdom[citation needed], which had previously led in the jet field. - hmm, what about the Rolls-Royce Avon and Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire. I would say that the J79 was one of the first US-designed engines to approach the performance of UK designs. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.40.254.40 (talk) 12:52, 6 November 2009 (UTC)

 * I would say (as a Brit) that the statement is generally correct but that the cite tag may be warranted. The J79 was a revolutionary design mainly due to its variable compressor stator blade system. The Sapphire was in a lower thrust class, its licensed-built American version, the Wright J65, could not achieve Mach 2 in the Lockheed XF-104. The Avon is in a similar thrust range but a much older design, its specific fuel consumption was higher than the J79 ('performance' covers less obvious things like fuel consumption and pressure ratios). It might be of note that the British versions of the F-4 Phantom replaced the J79 with the physically larger Rolls-Royce Spey although this was more a political decision than performance related. Nimbus (Cumulus nimbus floats by)    15:58, 6 November 2009 (UTC)

 * According to Flight, the nearest UK counterpart to the J79 was the de Havilland Gyron -  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.4.57.101 (talk) 17:32, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

 * The UK Phantom F-4K and F-4M used the turbofan Spey in order to provide greater over-water range than was possible with the turbojet J79, and also to give engine commonality with the Buccaneer S.2.

 * The Royal Navy knew that at least 90% of the total flight time of its Phantoms would be spent at or below Mach 0.9, so using a turbofan while reducing overall top speed slightly, would give great benefits in additional range and endurance. The two-spool Spey also gave the aircraft better acceleration than the J79 variants. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.149.172.209 (talk) 10:56, 8 December 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:General Electric J79


text:
Blak Twang

Blak Twang (born Tony Olabode in England), who also uses the pseudonyms Taipanic and Tony Rotton, is a British rapper who grew up in Deptford, Lewisham, South-East London.

Blak Twang is admired for his live performances, and is also respected for the effectiveness with which he includes South London slang and lexicon, including references to specific South London locales, in his music without being too obvious about it. This has made him a favourite of English hip-hop fans, who have dubbed him “the original Hip-Hop Geezer".

Career
Twang's debut single was 1995's "What Goin' On". His debut album, Dettwork SouthEast (a pun on the name of the rail company Network SouthEast) was sent out to the media for the same of self-promotion but never released. It included the song "Real Estate" and the title track, "Dettwork SouthEast".

His second album, 19 Long Time, also suffered from record label obstruction. The album included "Red Letters" and the Roots Manuva collaboration "Shhhoosh".

However, his 2002 album Kik Off was promoted properly by his label, and spawned several singles, including the football-themed "Kik Off", his signature song "So Rotton", and "Trixsta" (featuring Estelle), all of which achieved radio play and a degree of commercial success. In 2005 he released the album The Rotton Club, backed by the single "GCSE (Ghetto Children Sex Education)" featuring Twang's protégé and Rottonus Records signee K9. Twang released another single from the album in late 2005. This was called "Travellin", and the album version featured Barrington Levy, but a video was made for the First Man Remix, which featured the female singer Tali.

On 20 October 2013 he released a single, "Badda Dan Dat", which was remixed by drum and bass artists Run Tingz Cru, Serial Killaz and Terrahawk. It was released through Ramajam Recordings. In September 2014, Dettwerk SouthEast finally received a full release on Sony Music.

Blak Twang has longstanding and close links to the rapper Versetti and to several other rappers. He was featured alongside rapper Ty on the UK remix of Talib Kweli & Hi Tek's "Down for the Count" in 2001.

Blak Twang has been nominated for several awards, including a MOBO, a Kora, and a "Best International Hip-Hop Act" nomination from The Source.

In 2019 Blak Twang joined Ty and Rodney P to form Kingdem, called a "supergroup of British rap elders" by the New York Times.

Albums

 * 1996 Dettwork SouthEast [reissued 2014]
 * 1998 19 Longtime (Recognition)
 * 2002 Kik Off (Bad Magic)
 * 2005 The Rotton Club (Wall of Sound)
 * 2008 Speaking from Xperience (Abstract)

EPs

 * 2013 Rebel Emcee (featuring Congo Natty)
 * 2013 Badda Dan Dat
 * 2015 The Pantheon EP (feat. Blackmale Beats)

title: Blak Twang


text:
User talk:Jimn2k

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- TAS 18:31, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
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Speedy deletion of Luie Luie
A tag has been placed on Luie Luie requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not indicate the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for biographies.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the article (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the article's talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Pseudomonas(talk) 02:19, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

A tag has been placed on User:Jimn2k, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article seems to be blatant advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become an encyclopedia article. Please read the general criteria for speedy deletion, particularly item 11, as well as the guidelines on spam.

If you can indicate why the subject of this article is not blatant advertising, you may contest the tagging. To do this, please add  on the top of the article and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would help make it encyclopedic, as well as adding any citations from reliable sources to ensure that the article will be verifiable. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Calton | Talk 04:53, 31 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jimn2k


text:
What If? 2 (essays)

'What If? 2, subtitled More What If?: Eminent Historians Imagine What Might Have Been', is an anthology of twenty-five essays dealing with counterfactual history. It was published by G.P. Putnam's Sons in 2001, ISBN 0-399-14795-0, and edited by Robert Cowley. It is the successor of What If? It was combined with the original What If? in The Collected What If?

Essays

 * "Socrates Dies at Delium, 424 BC" by Victor Davis Hanson
 * What if Socrates had died before his philosophy was written down by Plato?
 * "Not by a Nose" by Josiah Ober
 * What if Antony and Cleopatra had won the Battle of Actium?
 * "Pontius Pilate Spares Jesus" by Carlos M. N. Eire
 * What if Jesus had not been crucified and instead lived into old age?
 * "Repulse at Hastings, October 14, 1066" by Cecelia Holland
 * What if William had not conquered England?
 * "The Chinese Discovery of the New World, 15th century" by Theodore F. Cook, Jr.
 * What if Zheng He's expeditions had been allowed to continue?
 * "Martin Luther Burns at the Stake, 1521" by Geoffrey Parker
 * What if Martin Luther had been sentenced to death at the Diet of Worms?
 * "If Charles I Had Not Left Whitehall, August 1641" by Theodore K. Rabb
 * What if the English king had died from an outbreak of plague in 1641?
 * "Napoléon's Invasion of North America" by Thomas Fleming
 * What if yellow fever had not decimated the French forces in Haiti in 1802?
 * "If Lincoln Had Not Freed the Slaves" by Tom Wicker
 * What if there was no Emancipation Proclamation?
 * "France Turns the Other Cheek, July 1870" by Alistair Horne
 * What if there had been no Franco-Prussian War?
 * "The Election of Theodore Roosevelt, 1912" by John Lukacs
 * What if Roosevelt had received the Republican nomination for President over incumbent William Howard Taft in 1912?
 * "The Great War Torpedoed" by Robert L. O'Connell
 * What if German Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg had not prevented the Imperial German Navy from continuing unrestricted submarine warfare after the Sinking of the RMS Lusitania?
 * "No Finland Station" by George Feifer
 * What if Lenin had been stopped before he arrived at Petrograd?
 * "The Luck of Franklin Delano Roosevelt" by Geoffrey C. Ward
 * What if FDR's life or circumstances had been different in the 20th century? (Seven counterfactual scenarios are presented here.)
 * "The War of 1938" by Williamson Murray
 * What if Britain and France had declared war on Nazi Germany after the invasion of Czechoslovakia?
 * "Prime Minister Halifax" by Andrew Roberts
 * What if Lord Halifax had been Prime Minister instead of Churchill?
 * "The Boys Who Saved Australia, 1942" by James Bradley
 * What if the Japanese had won the Kokoda Track campaign?
 * "Enigma Uncracked" by David Kahn
 * What if Bletchley Park had failed to crack the Wehrmacht Enigma code?
 * "Pius XII Protests The Holocaust" by Robert Katz
 * What if the Vatican had been more forceful against the Nazi regime?
 * "VE Day—November 11, 1944" by Caleb Carr
 * What if Patton and Montgomery's armies had been allowed to advance into Germany after D-Day rather than pursue a "broad front" strategy?
 * "The Führer in the Dock" by Roger Spiller
 * What if Hitler had lived to stand trial?
 * "No Bomb, No End" by Richard B. Frank
 * What if Operation Olympic had proceeded on November 1, 1945?
 * "The Presidency of Henry Wallace" by James Chace
 * What if Franklin Roosevelt had not chosen Harry S. Truman as his 1944 running mate?
 * "A Tale of Three Congressmen, 1948" by Lance Morrow
 * What if Nixon, Johnson, and Kennedy had chosen different paths than they did?
 * "What if Pizarro Had Not Found Potatoes in Peru?" by William H. McNeill

Reviews

 * "As a mental exercise or from simple curiosity, it is not uncommon to wonder what might have happened if an event had ended other than as history records." —Washington Times
 * "A follow-up to the 1999 book by prominent historians who each examine a key moment in history and theorize how a slight turn of fate at a decisive moment could have changed history. The first book helped give alternate history its 'serious' look, and this book should cement that." —USA Today

title: What If? 2 (essays)


text:
User talk:Frankidou

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- TAS 18:32, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Frankidou


text:
Nothotsuga

Nothotsuga is a genus of coniferous trees in the family Pinaceae endemic to China. Nothotsuga contains only one species, Nothotsuga longibracteata, commonly known as the bristlecone hemlock, which is found in southeastern China, in southern Fujian, northern Guangdong, northeast Guangxi, northeast Guizhou, and southwest Hunan.

Description
N. longibracteata is an evergreen tree reaching 30 m tall. The leaves are flat, needle-like, 1.2 - 4 cm long and 1 - 2 mm broad, very similar to those of Tsuga. The cones are very similar to those of Keteleeria, but smaller, 2.5 - 5 cm long, erect, and mature in about 6–8 months after pollination.

Taxonomy
In many respects, Nothotsuga is intermediate between the genera Keteleeria and Tsuga. It was discovered in 1932, and at first treated as Tsuga longibracteata, being classified in its own genus in 1989 when new research indicated how distinct it is from other species of Tsuga - by the larger, erect cones with exserted bracts, and (like Keteleeria) male cones in umbels, and from Keteleeria by the shorter leaves and smaller cones.

Conservation
It is a very rare tree listed as a near-threatened species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature due to historical deforestation, though it is now protected.

title: Nothotsuga


text:
Talk:Transit watchdog

This article is restricted to a very dictionary-like tone, and should be expanded to encyclopedia status

title: Talk:Transit watchdog


text:
User:SimplePlanFan892

Saterday,April 23,2005

Hey this is SimplePlanFan892. Well i'm startin this thingy so yeah.

Today its rainy and boring so i went outside and im wet.

2morrow is my cousens weddin thingy.

Keep ya posted,

SimplePlanFan892

title: User:SimplePlanFan892


text:
User talk:Sgrayban

Blanked --71.32.15.193 (talk) 11:34, 29 July 2009 (UTC) --Scott Grayban (talk) 12:18, 27 August 2009 (UTC)

Nomination of YPOPs! for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article YPOPs! is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/YPOPs! until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. DirtyHarry991 (talk) 22:38, 6 December 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sgrayban


text:
Eb/N0

In digital communication or data transmission, $$E_b/N_0$$ (energy per bit to noise power spectral density ratio) is a normalized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measure, also known as the "SNR per bit". It is especially useful when comparing the bit error rate (BER) performance of different digital modulation schemes without taking bandwidth into account.

As the description implies, $$E_b$$ is the signal energy associated with each user data bit; it is equal to the signal power divided by the user bit rate (not the channel symbol rate). If signal power is in watts and bit rate is in bits per second, $$E_b$$ is in units of joules (watt-seconds). $$N_0$$ is the noise spectral density, the noise power in a 1 Hz bandwidth, measured in watts per hertz or joules.

These are the same units as $$E_b$$ so the ratio $$E_b/N_0$$ is dimensionless; it is frequently expressed in decibels. $$E_b/N_0$$ directly indicates the power efficiency of the system without regard to modulation type, error correction coding or signal bandwidth (including any use of spread spectrum). This also avoids any confusion as to which of several definitions of "bandwidth" to apply to the signal.

But when the signal bandwidth is well defined, $$E_b/N_0$$ is also equal to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in that bandwidth divided by the "gross" link spectral efficiency in bit/s⋅Hz, where the bits in this context again refer to user data bits, irrespective of error correction information and modulation type.

$$E_b/N_0$$ must be used with care on interference-limited channels since additive white noise (with constant noise density $$N_0$$) is assumed, and interference is not always noise-like. In spread spectrum systems (e.g., CDMA), the interference is sufficiently noise-like that it can be represented as $$I_0$$ and added to the thermal noise $$N_0$$ to produce the overall ratio $$E_b/(N_0 + I_0)$$.

Relation to carrier-to-noise ratio
$$E_b/N_0$$ is closely related to the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR or $$\frac{C}{N}$$), i.e. the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the received signal, after the receiver filter but before detection:

$$\frac{C}{N} = \frac{E_\text{b}}{N_0} \frac{f_\text{b}}{B}$$

where   $$f_b$$ is the channel data rate (net bit rate) and    $B$ is the channel bandwidth.

The equivalent expression in logarithmic form (dB):

$$\text{CNR}_\text{dB} = 10\log_{10}\left(\frac{E_\text{b}}{N_0}\right) + 10\log_{10}\left(\frac{f_\text{b}}{B}\right)$$

Caution: Sometimes, the noise power is denoted by $$N_0/2$$ when negative frequencies and complex-valued equivalent baseband signals are considered rather than passband signals, and in that case, there will be a 3 dB difference.

Relation to Es/N0
$$E_b/N_0$$ can be seen as a normalized measure of the energy per symbol to noise power spectral density ($$E_s/N_0$$):

$$\frac{E_b}{N_0} = \frac{E_\text{s}}{\rho N_0}$$

where $$E_s$$ is the energy per symbol in joules and $ρ$ is the nominal spectral efficiency in (bits/s)/Hz. $$E_s/N_0$$ is also commonly used in the analysis of digital modulation schemes. The two quotients are related to each other according to the following:

$$\frac{E_\text{s}}{N_0} = \frac{E_\text{b}}{N_0} \log_2(M)$$

where $M$ is the number of alternative modulation symbols, e.g. $$M = 4$$ for QPSK and $$M = 8$$ for 8PSK.

This is the energy per bit, not the energy per information bit.

$$E_s/N_0$$ can further be expressed as:

$$\frac{E_\text{s}}{N_0} = \frac{C}{N}\frac{B}{f_\text{s}}$$

where   $$\frac{C}{N}$$ is the carrier-to-noise ratio or signal-to-noise ratio,    $B$ is the channel bandwidth in hertz, and    $$f_s$$ is the symbol rate in baud or symbols per second.

Shannon limit
The Shannon–Hartley theorem says that the limit of reliable information rate (data rate exclusive of error-correcting codes) of a channel depends on bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio according to:

$$I < B \log_2 \left( 1 + \frac{S}{N} \right)$$

where   $I$ is the information rate in bits per second excluding error-correcting codes,    $B$ is the bandwidth of the channel in hertz,    $S$ is the total signal power (equivalent to the carrier power $C$), and    $N$ is the total noise power in the bandwidth.

This equation can be used to establish a bound on $$E_b/N_0$$ for any system that achieves reliable communication, by considering a gross bit rate $R$ equal to the net bit rate $I$ and therefore an average energy per bit of $$E_b = S/R$$, with noise spectral density of $$N_0 = N/B$$. For this calculation, it is conventional to define a normalized rate $$R_l = R/(2B)$$, a bandwidth utilization parameter of bits per second per half hertz, or bits per dimension (a signal of bandwidth $B$ can be encoded with $$2B$$ dimensions, according to the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem). Making appropriate substitutions, the Shannon limit is:

$${R \over B} = 2 R_l < \log_2 \left( 1 + 2R_l\frac{E_\text{b}}{N_0} \right)$$

Which can be solved to get the Shannon-limit bound on $$E_b/N_0$$:

$$\frac{E_\text{b}}{N_0} > \frac{2^{2R_l} - 1}{2R_l}$$

When the data rate is small compared to the bandwidth, so that $$R_l$$ is near zero, the bound, sometimes called the ultimate Shannon limit, is:

$$\frac{E_\text{b}}{N_0} > \ln(2)$$

which corresponds to −1.59dB.

This often-quoted limit of −1.59 dB applies only to the theoretical case of infinite bandwidth. The Shannon limit for finite-bandwidth signals is always higher.

Cutoff rate
For any given system of coding and decoding, there exists what is known as a cutoff rate $$R_0$$, typically corresponding to an $$E_b/N_0$$ about 2 dB above the Shannon capacity limit. The cutoff rate used to be thought of as the limit on practical error correction codes without an unbounded increase in processing complexity, but has been rendered largely obsolete by the more recent discovery of turbo codes, low-density parity-check (LDPC) and polar codes.

title: Eb/N0


text:
Ashley Walters (actor)

Ashley Anthony Walters (born 30 June 1982), also known by his stage name Asher D, is a British actor and rapper. He first rose to fame as a member of the UK garage group So Solid Crew, which hit the top spot with their second single "21 Seconds".

Walters has also had an active acting career. After gaining recognition in the early 2000s for his roles in Storm Damage (2000) Bullet Boy (2004), Get Rich or Die Tryin' (2005) and Life and Lyrics (2006), Walters achieved nationwide fame in the 2010s for his lead role as Dushane Hill in the British crime series Top Boy, and as Ronnie Pike Jr. in the Sky One police procedural series Bulletproof, which he co-created with Noel Clarke and Nick Love. He has also appeared in British TV shows such as Grange Hill, The Bill, Holby City, Doctor Who, Silent Witness and the 2015 BBC police programme Cuffs.

Early life
Walters was born in Peckham, south-east London, to Jamaican parents. He was raised by his mother, Pamela Case, a local government officer. He attended St. George's CE Primary School, Camberwell, from the age of four. He then went on to Pimlico School, now known as Pimlico Academy. He completed his GCSEs, receiving good grades in all 10 subjects.

In July 2001, following an argument with a traffic warden, Walters was found to be carrying a loaded Brocock air pistol modified to fire live ammunition. He was arrested and, in 2002, jailed for 18 months, in a young offenders' institute. Having spent the previous nine months in custody, he subsequently served an additional nine months to complete his sentence.

Music career
Walters joined the group So Solid Crew.

After the group split, in 2006 he recorded In Memory of the Street Fighter, featuring the single "Andrea". He released a studio album in 2008 entitled The Appetiser, a 12-track album produced with Laurence Ezra. In early 2012, Walters signed a recording contract with the independent record label SK Records. His single "How You Like Me Now" was released on 29 July 2012, followed up by "Your Love" released on 12 November 2012, featuring vocals from Alesha Dixon.

Acting career
Walters is also an actor, appearing under his full name, Ashley Walters. He appeared on television as Omar in The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles and as Andy in Grange Hill, both at the age of 14. He appeared in Saul Dibb's 2004 feature film Bullet Boy, where he played Ricky, who had just been released from prison and back into living a normal life, a role for which Walters was named Best Newcomer at the British Independent Film Awards. He also appeared in 2005's Get Rich or Die Tryin'.

In 2006, he played the role of Wolf in the film Stormbreaker, and Danny in Life and Lyrics, for which he has received many plaudits. In 2007, he starred in WΔZ, alongside Selma Blair and Melissa George, and in Sugarhouse. He played Lacey in the BBC Three drama pilot West 10 LDN. He played the character Billy Bond in five episodes of the fourth series of BBC TV drama Hustle. He also appeared in the MTV series Top Buzzer and played the role of Al B in the 2006 production House of 9, alongside Dennis Hopper.

Walters performed on stage in 2002 at the Royal National Theatre in Roy Williams' Sing Yer Heart Out for the Lads and in 2008 at the Royal Court Theatre in Levi David Addai's Oxford Street. Another feature film, Tuesday (2008), sees him playing a jewel thief. He appeared in Bola Agbaje's play Off the Endz at the Royal Court Theatre during February and March 2010.

He made appearances in ITV's police drama The Bill and firefighting drama London's Burning. His Grange Hill history and autobiography was referenced by the comedian Stewart Lee on 16 March 2009, on the BBC Two show Stewart Lee's Comedy Vehicle in the episode themed on "Toilet Books". Walters also appeared on BBC TV in 2009's adaptation of Andrea Levy's Small Island and as Jack Holt in the short-lived drama  Outcasts in February and March 2011.

For the BBC Learning project "Off By Heart Shakespeare", Walters delivered one of Shakespeare's best known speeches — "But soft, what light through yonder window breaks?" from Romeo and Juliet. In October 2011, Walters starred in the Arjun Rose slasher Demons Never Die. From 31 October 2011, he played Dushane in Channel 4's four-part drama Top Boy. In February 2012, he played Chris in the BBC drama Inside Men. In 2013, Walters reprised his role as main character Dushane in the second series of Top Boy.

He managed to get in trouble with the producers on the first day of filming Doctor Who episode "Journey to the Centre of the TARDIS" when he tweeted a picture of himself in his costume in his trailer with the word "space". The picture was immediately removed.

In 2017, Walters received the British Urban Film Festival honorary award from Lisa Maffia & Sheila Nortley at the BT Tower in London for 25 years outstanding contribution to film and television. Walters reprised his role in 2019 as Dushane in Top Boy again following its revival on streaming service Netflix, appearing in the third series that year, the fourth series of the drama in 2022 and the fifth in 2023.

Personal life
Walters has four children with his ex-partner. He lives with his wife and their two children in Herne Bay, Kent.

On 31 March 2014, he was fined £600 after he admitted assaulting a security guard in Aberdeen in September 2013. In July 2014, he was fined £1250 for possession of cannabis at Holyhead, Anglesey. In May 2016, Walters was fined £1000 after admitting using threatening words and behaviour towards staff at the Hilton Hotel, Islington. Walters has said his father's absence while he was growing up contributed to his criminal behaviour.

Walters is an avid supporter of Arsenal F.C.

Political views
In December 2019, along with 42 other leading cultural figures, Walters signed a letter endorsing the Labour Party under Jeremy Corbyn's leadership in the 2019 general election. The letter stated that "Labour's election manifesto under Jeremy Corbyn's leadership offers a transformative plan that prioritises the needs of people and the planet over private profit and the vested interests of a few."

title: Ashley Walters (actor)


text:
Dryades

Dryades is a genus of flowering plants in family Rutaceae. It includes five species native to eastern and southern Brazil.

Species
Five species are currently accepted:
 * Dryades concinna (Kallunki) Groppo & Kallunki – eastern Brazil (southeastern Bahia)
 * Dryades cyrtantha (Kallunki) Groppo & Kallunki – eastern and southeastern Brazil (Bahia and Espírito Santo)
 * Dryades gaudichaudiana (A.St.-Hil.) Groppo, Kallunki & Pirani – northeastern, southeastern, and southern Brazil
 * Dryades hirsuta (Pirani) Groppo & Pirani – eastern Brazil (southeastern Bahia)
 * Dryades insignis (Pirani) Groppo & Pirani – eastern and southeastern Brazil (Bahia and Espírito Santo)

title: Dryades


text:
Talk:B.C. (comic strip)

Anachronisms
Even before the strip becoming so overtly sociopolitical, there were all sorts of anachronisms, such as hunting a turkey for Thanksgiving and baseball games, so the anachronisms did not begin in the 1990s. Rlquall 18:37, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Can we put something about this strip being nonsensical and not funny any more?--Theloniouszen 05:54, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * That's POV. Somebody must find it funny. Right? ccwaters 10:49, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

I have been wondering for some time why it is called BC when there are so many references to Christmas and Easter etc. I am a Christian so it does not bother me. It just does not work with the premise of the strip. Dennis R. 12/01/05

 * Keep in mind that one of the characters is named B.C. So, in theory, it could just be a coincidence. Not likely. But keep in mind the cartoon was started in like 1959, and was strictly prehistoric at the time. Maybe it's a little late to change it. :) Wahkeenah 23:54, 1 December 2005 (UTC)
 * It did not become overtly Christian until the last decade or so, as Hart himself changed. For the first couple of decades, it was strictly humor (and very good humor, too). - DavidWBrooks 00:05, 2 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Once Johnny Hart "found it", did he also "lose it" (i.e. his sense of humour)? Wahkeenah 00:08, 2 December 2005 (UTC)
 * It's also good to keep in mind that the B.C. comic, like many comics, takes place in an artificial setting in order to sharpen the satire. This is not a new concept. The Flintstones did the same thing. And going a little farther back, Gilbert and Sullivan's The Mikado was plainly about the English, only disguised as Japan. Wahkeenah 00:12, 2 December 2005 (UTC)
 * It's important to realize that even now the strip is only "religious" 10 or 20% of the time. But (secular) anachronisms occur probably 80% of the time.  Wasted Time R 21:18, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I'd like to know just what it was that got him "banned" for a week. Wahkeenah 23:07, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I just read the link. He's a zealot, and if Doonesbury deserves to be banned from time to time, B.C. certainly does. By contrast, Peanuts characters (notably Linus) often discussed religion, but not in the patronizing way that Hart evidently does. Wahkeenah 23:15, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

Alternate explanation
Has anyone else here encountered the idea that BC in fact takes place in a post-nuclear-apocolyptic world? It would explain pretty much all of the anachronisms (maybe the dinosaurs are mutated lizards or something, etc.), and what group of people wouldn't be extremely interested in religion if, in a sense, Armageddeon had already happened? I'm still not sure the theory is worth posting on the main article, though. Any thoughts? User:Lenoxus 16:35, 15 April 2006 Lenoxus (UTC)
 * I've been reading BC for four decades, and that's the first time I've encountered that idea - so, no, I don't think this belongs in the article. - DavidWBrooks 17:22, 15 April 2006 (UTC)
 * No more so than The Flintstones, which also celebrated Christmas, etc. Keep in mind that both of those were/are simply literary vehicles for satirizing modern American cutlure. Much in the way that The Mikado was set in Japan, and Hamlet was set in Denmark, and Gulliver's Travels were set in exotic lands, but all of those were really about British culture. Wahkeenah 21:15, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

Yes, yes, yes.... "Literary vehicles for satirizing American culture". That's it. The same as the Flintstones, even the Wizard of Id, also Johnny's strip. Read it's description. Thank you. B.C. began in 1958. Johnny Hart became a Christian in 1984. We need to tone down this article to remove the "B" score. Ppom55 (talk) 23:40, 25 January 2010 (UTC)

Post-apocalyptic?
Gimme a break. B.C. is, and always has been, a satire about modern humans... just like the Flintstones was... or Bugs Bunny, for that matter. Wahkeenah 17:06, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

Yes, satire, but it most definitely post-apocolyptic. A few years ago, Clumsy clearly states he's reading a magazine from "back in 2004." http://bcblastedcavemen.blogspot.com/2006/11/bc-prehistoric-or-postapocalyptic.html  This should be incorporated into the article.

Remember that Christian doctrine states that Christ will be back... so maybe Hart is thinking "BC" in the sense of the post-apocalptic "second fall of man" - before the second coming. If yall think this is worth including, feel free -BC
 * To Wahkeena: I certainly wasn't being serious enough for any break to have be given (in other words, everyone who read my comment was given a break to begin with) — that's why I raised the possibility here instead of direct editing. The more I see it, it seems clear that even the points raised by the two (or possibly one) user(s) above are very much in the obsessive-consistency mode of thinking, although I have to admit chuckling at the "second coming" idea. I very much doubt any of the inconsistencies actually trouble Hart, and of course it's a satire on humans. Just wondering if there was anything to back up the possible interpretation, but I'd say the simple, obvious answer is no. Thank for responding, guys (and sorry to be so late in getting back here about it — I just figured out a good system for following the conversations I start). --Lenoxus 02:02, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

The post-apocalyptic thing was confirmed. In the same arc where Anno and Conahonty are introduced i.e. the one where the character travels around the world on a raft. It's really weird, if you asked I doubt one in ten people would recall it even though it's pretty much the most significant moment in the strip and the arc in question lasted quite some time. I don't even think it's been put in any collections either. 206.180.38.20 17:34, 17 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I happen to recall that arc, but my fuzzy memory doesn't suggest any kind of "confirmed" post-apocalyptic thing; in retrospect, I'd say I was being mostly facetious with that idea; I'm pretty sure the symbolism of having a character named "Anno" isn't enough to confirm anything, except maybe hint at Johnny Hart's liking of Christian symbolism… and now I'll shut up before this loses every strand of connection to Wikipedianess. Peace out! $$\sim$$ Lenoxus " * " 03:38, 17 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Ah, I don't think he is saying that Anno is the marker that the strip is post apocalyptic, but that in the company of Anno he descends into a cave where he discovers a mouldering pile of contemporary, paper-and-binding books. See 22nd January, 2002. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.168.0.175 (talk) 14:55, 23 April 2009 (UTC)

Religious Controversy
Can someone find a citation on Mel Lazarus's friendship and defense of Johnny Hart? Perhaps a quote of defense instead of the remark about one of Johnny Hart's best friends being Jewish which is rather cliche, and meaningless. Gavroche42 12:47, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Or, in short, "Lazarus? Come forth!" Wahkeenah 18:40, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Ok, that was made of win.
 * Removed "(interestingly, one of Hart's best friends and defenders is Jewish-American cartoonist Mel Lazarus)" as yes, it is cliche. Furthermore does not add any substance to the article.  Discussing criticism by Jewish and Muslim groups implies that some of Hart's strips appeared anti-semitic.  Making a counter-argument might serve the function of balancing the article; however, the cliche my-best-friend-is-Jewish statement is a terrible way of doing that.  A quote of a defense would serve that purpose much better.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.97.167.187 (talk) 04:06, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

Character explanations
Just as a thought: Although all of the principal characters are mentioned in the article, it might not be a bad idea to have them listed in their own section, along with some brief notes about their personalities and/or any running gags that they are involved in (Wiley's Dictionary, Peter and his messages to the guy on the other side of the world, etc.). Willbyr (talk | contribs) 15:48, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

That's a good idea, and really should be done to match other articles about comic strips. If someone could do that it would be great. Rhino131 22:47, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

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Help!
I'm trying to find an old B.C. comic that my mom used to carry around. I know on the very last panel 2 ants are sitting on a cross, talking. I can't find it ANYWHERE!!!! Please reply!

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Mason Mastroianni
on Mason Mastroianni in Wikipedia: Where is his Religious aspect? instead of Johnny Hart? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.64.98.251 (talk) 00:23, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

I don't think that Mastroianni's religious views are relevant. After Johnny Hart died Christian references largely disappeared from "B.C." and the strip became much more like it had been forty years earlier. So, Masroianni's views on religion are not important here because he keeps them out of the strip.Simon Peter Hughes (talk) 14:48, 12 September 2009 (UTC)

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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:56, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

'Easter' gif: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.C._(comic_strip)#/media/File:Bc_easter.gif
AS posted and now captioned, this no more and no less than a typically ad hominem slur of the lowest sort.

The caption clearly claims this 'prompted complaints from some Jewish groups'.

Unsourced, unverified, unnamed, and most importantly, no linked, sources are acceptable/unobjectionable in precisely which school of journalistic 'expertise'?

On which page/line/graf of Wikipedia editorial guidelines/stylebook/manual/rules are listed the conditions under which the above errors are acceptable?

Add to the above fact the point that the image is of such low, and inferior, resolution it is near impossible to read, thus to judge for oneself the degree of impropriety, if any at all.

Now throw in the mix that that the image is a static image, yet is presented in .gif, a format most often used for very short and very low res vid loops, is at least questionable.

Why, if the intent of Wikipedia and -all- Wikipedia editors, is to increase information access for all, and to get facts into human minds so individuals can make informed decisions, is this image so filled with such obvious faults, flaws, and errors journalistic and technical?

This image should be removed if it cannot be made readable. If it can be made readable, the caption must change to include citation links, or be rewritten to reflect facts, and only facts, accurately. As it is now, readable image or not, the caption is a slur of the sort all too common on 'unbiased' Wikipedia.

No tildy key on either of my two keyboards, so: tildy tildy tildy tildy Cheers! ;-) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.33.149.134 (talk) 12:56, 14 January 2019 (UTC)

Crescent Shaped Window
Artists (especially in cartoons) have been drawing a crescent shaped window on outhouse doors for generations, and so did the people who built real outhouses in real life. I know. We had a few different outhouses in a few different places when I was a child. They all had crescent shaped windows cut into the door.

When I was a kid I asked my great grandfather why they had windows that looked like that and he told me they need windows because of the scent/harmful fumes, and because circles and squares would easily allow birds and possibly other animals to get inside - crescents made it harder for creatures to make a home in an outhouse. And, he said (probably jokingly), because stars are more difficult to make than crescents.

And that's why artists draw them with crescents on the door: because most of them looked that way in real life. And now people expect to see them when they see a picture of an outhouse. Well, older people expect it. Perhaps most younger people don't.

That's it though. Nothing hurtful or evil.

And to suggest that it is anything more than a functional and decorative window is rather offensive, because it's the same as suggesting that every instance of crescent shaped windows on outhouse doors in real life and in every piece of art that has ever had one was only there to disparage an entire religious group. And that is a ridiculous suggestion. I knew many old timers in small towns decades upon decades ago who'd never even heard of religions that weren't Christianity and Judaism, and they had outhouses with crescent shaped windows on the doors.

Anyway, all throughout the 1900's there were animated cartoons, comic strips, comic books, graphic novels, movies and television shows that had the image of an outhouse with a crescent shaped window cut into the door.

This is just my opinion, by the way. I'm not trying to dismiss or defend anything Mr. Hart might've done. It's possible that he meant it negatively. But it's also possible that he remembered seeing outhouses when he was a kid and also remembered seeing dozens of depictions of them throughout his lifetime.

EDIT: grammar, punctuation, etc. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Smartstocks (talk • contribs)
 * The Wikipedia article for outhouse does have images of outhouses with the crescent moon shape on it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Outhouse,_Lake_Providence,_LA_IMG_7386.JPG https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Outhouse_in_an_old_west_scene.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:G-Sahuaro_Ranch_Pit_Hole_small.jpg In old movies you see it too, it was a common thing.  D r e a m Focus  02:15, 3 February 2022 (UTC)

The Early Bird and the Worm
Two characters not currently mentioned in the article are The Early Bird and The Worm. There were several strips featuring the Early Bird's unsuccessful attempts to get the Worm. In one strip the Worm decides to stay in bed on a cold morning, commenting through the fourth wall that the Early Bird will probably be up there "freezing his beak off". He then dozes off until a frozen beak falls down the wormhole... I haven't done it justice, you need to read the original...

In another the Dookey Bird captures and eats a worm whose name was "Bruce", much to the consternation of John the Turtle.

Another character who may have appeared only once is the Purple Bellied Doowhopper (that may not be word perfect) "the last of the species" who was caught and cooked in that same episode. Andrewa (talk) 20:02, 3 June 2021 (UTC)

Life is a Seventy-Five Cent Paperback
This book came out in 1970, not 1975. Correcting the list. I know because I love the joke about increasing the amount on the title and have been collecting the variants and they all indicate 1970 as the original publication date. 70.73.90.119 (talk) 15:07, 27 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:B.C. (comic strip)


text:
Geiger (crater)

Geiger is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It lies to the southwest of the much larger walled plain Keeler, and slightly farther to the northeast of the huge walled plain Gagarin. To the south is the crater Cyrano.

This is a not-quite symmetrical crater formation with small outward bulges along the north and northeast. The rim to the southeast is less well-formed than elsewhere. The northern inner wall is more extensive than elsewhere, slumping across about one-third the inner floor. The interior is otherwise relatively level and is marked by a few tiny craterlets.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Geiger.

title: Geiger (crater)


text:
.270 Winchester

The .270 Winchester is a rifle cartridge developed by Winchester Repeating Arms Company in 1923, and it was unveiled in 1925 as a chambering for their bolt-action Model 54 to become arguably the flattest shooting cartridge of its day, only competing with the .300 Holland & Holland Magnum, also introduced in the same year.

The .270 Winchester was derived from the .30-06 Springfield and the bore diameter was likely inspired by 7mm Mauser. The .270 Winchester uses a .270 inch (6.86 mm) bore diameter and a .277 inch (7.04 mm) bullet diameter.

History
Introduced in 1925 along with the Winchester Model 54 bolt action rifle under the name "270 WCF" (270 Winchester Centerfire), the .270 Winchester was not an immediate success due to the popularity of the relatively recently introduced .30-06 Springfield, chambered for the M1903 Springfield bolt action rifle, which was commonly "sporterized" for hunting purposes.

However, the .270 Winchester attained great popularity among hunters and sporting rifle enthusiasts in the succeeding decades and especially in the post-World War II period, ranking it among the most popular and widely used big game hunting cartridges worldwide, especially with the widespread popularity of rifle scopes. Shooters started noticing that the .277" caliber cartridge was capable of shooting flatter than the popular 30–06.

The .270 Winchester, conceived solely as a big game hunting cartridge, became very popular, in part, due to the widespread praises of gun writer Jack O'Connor who used the cartridge for 40 years and touted its merits in the pages of Outdoor Life as well as other renowned gun writers of the time such as late Col. Townsend Whelen.

The cartridge was initially commercially loaded to drive a 130 grain (8.4 gram) bullet at approximately 3140 ft/s, later reduced to 3060 ft/s, demonstrating a high performance at the time of its introduction while being marketed as a suitable cartridge for big game shooting in the 300 to 500 yd range. Two additional bullet weights were soon introduced: a 100-grain (6.5 gram) hollow-point bullet for varmint shooting, and a 150 grain (9.7 gram) bullet, offering a higher sectional density, which made it suitable for achieving better penetration for large sized deer, such as wapiti, and moose. However, the 130 grain bullet remains the most popular option.

For decades the only other commercial 6.8mm cartridge available for sporting purposes was the .270 Weatherby Magnum, which offered a flatter trajectory based on the larger powder capacity allowed by the belted magnum case, however due to the higher price and offer limit, it never reached the popularity of the .270 Winchester.

Nowadays a new breed of .277" caliber cartridges have been introduced to the market, including the .270 Winchester Short Magnum, which launches a bullet of the same weight 200 fps faster from a short action mechanism; the 27 Nosler, which is even faster but requires a long magnum action, and the recent 6.8 Western, which is basically a modification of the 270 WSM firing a heavier and larger bullet with a higher ballistic coefficient. The latest .277 round is Sig Sauer's .277 Fury, which utilizes a hybrid steel and brass case to safely reach 80,000 psi. Nevertheless, none of these new cartridges match the popularity of the old 270 Winchester and offer little advantage for practical hunting purposes.

Other of the main reasons why the .270 Win is still one of the most popular loads is because of its acceptance worldwide. Internationally, ammunition and firearms manufacturers offer this chambering in a wide range of firearm options including bolt-actions, single-shots, lever-actions (such as the Browning BLR), pump-actions (such as the Remington 7600), autoloaders (such as the Remington 7400), and even a few double rifles.

Sporting use
The .270 Winchester is a suitable cartridge for hunting deer-sized game at open ranges making it suitable for plains game and mountain hunting. It may be chambered in standard length actions and though the optimum barrel size is considered to be 24 inches, it doesn't lose much muzzle velocity with 22 inch barrels, making it a suitable cartridge for developing a light mountain rifle.

The .270 Winchester cartridge is equipped with a 130-grain bullet traveling at approximately 3,060 feet per second (fps). When sighted in to intersect 3 inches above the line of sight at 100 yards (about 90 meters), it maintains a trajectory that rises no more than 3.5 inches and aligns with the line of sight around 270 yards. This setup allows for a maximum point blank range of roughly 325 yards, ideal for effectively targeting game the size of deer within a 7-inch diameter target area. Hunters can shoot confidently within this range without needing to adjust for bullet drop. Additionally, the cartridge, loaded with the 130-grain bullet, retains around 1,500 foot-pounds of energy up to 400 yards, meeting the minimum recommended for hunting elk.

Performance
Cartridges are commonly available from 100 to 160 gr sizes with 130 and 150 gr loads being by far the most popular. Though handloaders have a wider range of options with the availability of bullets in a number of weights from 90 to 180 grains (5.8 to 11.7 grams), rifles are barrelled with 1:10 inch twist rifling, which may stabilize bullets up to 150 gr in order to provide the required accuracy expected. Common bullet weight recommendations for shooting different game are as follows:
 * 90 - 110 gr bullets: varmint and small deer
 * 130 gr bullets: deer size game including mule deer, white tail, sheep, mountain goats, antelope
 * 140 - 160 gr bullets: deer, red stag, elk, moose, caribou, and similar larger animals.

However, bullet construction is more important than bullet weight in order to shoot the heavier game.

Recent introductions of low-drag bullets suited to the .270 Winchester such as the Nosler Accubond Long-Range, Hornady ELD-X and Matrix long-range bullets are promoting renewed interest in the cartridge among long-range hunters.

While it is true that a .270 Winchester case can be formed from a .30-06 Springfield case, the case length of a .30-06 is 2.494 in while the case length of a .270 is 2.540 in, within .5mm of a .30-03 Springfield. However, the brass of a .30-06 case will often stretch, or lengthen, past the dimension of the .30-06 case when necked down to form a .270 case requiring trimming regardless, and "The slight difference in length of reformed cases doesn't make any practical difference."

title: .270 Winchester


text:
Amalfian Laws

The Amalfian Laws are a code of maritime laws compiled in the 12th century in Amalfi, a town in Italy.

They took the form of the Tabula Amalfitana (Amalfi's Board), and were for centuries the international mercantile code accepted and taken as a model.

title: Amalfian Laws


text:
Yoshi's Universal Gravitation

Yoshi's Universal Gravitation (ヨッシーの万有引力) (released in North America as Yoshi Topsy-Turvy) is a 2004 platform game for the Game Boy Advance that was developed by Artoon and published by Nintendo. It features a built-in tilt sensor, which is used to manipulate the game's environment. By tilting the Game Boy Advance left or right, the player can tilt the game area, causing enemies and other objects to slide as the direction of gravity changes. This gameplay mechanic is used to solve puzzles or aid Yoshi in completing levels. The game received mixed reviews.

Gameplay
Each course is controlled by a spirit, each with an obsession — one loves money, one loves fast things, one loves friendliness, one loves strength, etc. They will set out guidelines for the course, such as collecting fruit to free a certain number of Egglings, finishing a course before time runs out, finding a certain number of coins or defeating — or not defeating — a certain number of enemies. By satisfying that spirit's requirements, players pass the course.

Yoshi can jump and stick out his tongue to eat fruit or enemies. After eating an enemy, Yoshi will produce a small puff of air instead of making eggs. The main feature of the game is the tilt mechanism. By moving the Game Boy Advance side to side, players tilt the world around Yoshi, causing enemies to roll around, swinging ships and pendulums, and bouncing items all over the place. An impassable wall will become a climbable slope, or a rolled-up carpet will become a long platform. Each environment requires players to master not only button presses but also tilt movements to progress.

Plot
When Bowser starts wreaking havoc on Yoshi's Island, a book spirit named Hongo traps the island within the pages of a storybook. Only by locking Bowser away can Yoshi convince Hongo to release the rest of the island. So he sets out to progress through the chapters of the book.

Reception
At the time of its release, most critics thought of Yoshi's Universal Gravitation as a mediocre title. Craig Harris of IGN said the game was too short, and most critics thought the other Game Boy Advance game to use a tilt sensor, WarioWare: Twisted!, was a better example of tilt-sensing technology in video games. 1UP.com's Jeremy Parish called the tilt controls "graceless and clumsy" and the character animations "choppy", concluding that it was a "mediocre" and "boring" game. GameSpot's Justin Calvert thought the tilting worked alright and enjoyed the graphics and difficulty curve, but overall found the game to be "repetitive and disappointingly short". Game Informer enjoyed the tilt sensing, calling it a "neat" and "inventive" mechanic that "breathe[d] new life into the [platformer] genre", but was disappointed by the level designs, which were mostly "pretty standard fare."

title: Yoshi's Universal Gravitation


text:
Talk:Naked Snake

Pages splitted
Ok, this page used to be redirected to Big Boss page, as it's a DAMN HUGE SPOILER I just made another page w/ another picture, ok? Now Big Boss has his page and Naked Snake has another, but the pages are pretty much identical. So if you're gonna update one, update the other too. Thanks. -Imperator 18:38, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I recommend to include only information of Big Boss' early life and his potrayal as Naked Snake (including name debate) in MGS3 in the Naked Snake article, while include information of his post-Snake Eater career and his potrayal in the MSX games in the Big Boss page. Jonny2x4 18:37, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Revision
It's a bit superfluous to have a duplicate page with mirrored content just to avoid a spoiler. I removed all of the identical information and added a note about the possible spoiler and his identity. --Asriel 21:33, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, cool thing you did. Nice! -Imperator 18:48, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Naked Snake?
But... but... he's not naked, is he? — J I P | Talk 19:00, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * 'Naked' refers to his insertion method in the begining of MGS3: Snake Eater.
 * (He is given no weapons or equipment)

Merging back to Big Boss.
I've been thinking alot about this the other day. Is it really that big of a spoiler that Naked Snake and Big Boss are the same person? I mean, it was pretty obvious from the game's setting. So what's difference between knowing beforehand that Naked Snake and Big Boss from knowing the same about Iroquois Pliskin and Solid Snake? Jonny2x4 06:43, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Yeah, this page is totally unnecessary. Not only is it obvious from MGS3 bing set in 1964, but it's also made clear by the Big Boss article. Valenkorps

I agree with merging it. That Naked Snake picture would look good in the Big Boss article anyway. --DoubleCross July 1, 2005 19:19 (UTC)
 * Oh, it's already there. :) --DoubleCross July 1, 2005 19:20 (UTC)

 * While I initially agreed with merging it, I did not know they were the same person until my friend pointed it out to me (obviously, I had not beaten the game yet). While it is obvious when realized, it is not as obvious as Pliskin/Solid.

title: Talk:Naked Snake


text:
Quonset State Airport

Quonset State Airport is a joint civil-military public airport located on Quonset Point, in northeastern North Kingstown, Rhode Island, United States, adjacent to Narragansett Bay. It is a general aviation airport and there is no scheduled airline service available. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2023–2027, in which it is categorized as a regional reliever facility.

It was the site of the Naval Air Station Quonset Point from 1941 until the early 1970s, when the military presence in Rhode Island was drastically scaled down. Despite the Navy's departure, the airport remains the home of Quonset Point Air National Guard Station and the 143d Airlift Wing (143 AW) of the Rhode Island Air National Guard, flying the C-130J Hercules. The Rhode Island Army National Guard also maintains an Army Aviation Support Facility adjacent to the Air National Guard Station for the 1st Battalion, 126th Aviation Regiment, flying the UH-60 Blackhawk.

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Quonset State Airport is assigned OQU by the FAA but is designated NCO by the IATA.

Quonset State Airport is one of six active airports operated by the Rhode Island Airports Corporation. The other five airports include T.F. Green State Airport, North Central State Airport, Westerly State Airport, Newport State Airport, and Block Island State Airport.

In the early 1980s Providence Airline Corp had daily flights leaving Quonset to Boston, Massachusetts; Hartford County, Connecticut; Syracuse, New York; Buffalo, New York; Chicago, Illinois; and Romulus, Michigan.

On May 19, 2021, Air Force One carrying President Joe Biden landed at Quonset State Airport where he was greeted by Rhode Island Governor Dan McKee as well as Col. Adam Wiggins, the 143rd Airlift Wing Commander and other officials. He then continued on Marine One to the Coast Guard Academy in New London and returned later in the day to depart on Air Force One.

Facilities and aircraft
Quonset State Airport covers an area of 754 acre which contains two asphalt paved runways: 16/34 measuring 7,504 x 150 ft (2,287 x 46 m) and 5/23 measuring 4,000 x 75 ft (1,219 x 23 m).

The airport lies within Class D airspace and has an operating non-federal air traffic control tower (closed on Mondays).

For the 12-month period ending April 30, 2022, the airport had 19,400 aircraft operations, an average of 53 per day: 50% general aviation, 44% military and 6% air taxi. At that time there were 21 aircraft based at this airport: 8 single-engine, 1 jet, and 12 military.

The fixed-base operator on field is FlightLevel Aviation.

The flight and aviation instruction and airplane rental company on field is Parker Aviation, LLC., which was established on field in 2012.

title: Quonset State Airport


text:
Mark Ridley (zoologist)

Mark Ridley (born 1956) is a British zoologist and writer on evolution.

He studied at both Oxford and Cambridge in the 1980s (his doctoral advisor being Richard Dawkins), and later worked at Emory University. he worked as a research assistant at the Department of Zoology, Oxford University. Ridley has worked on the evolution of reproductive behaviour and written a number of popular accounts of evolutionary biology, including articles for the New York Times, The Sunday Times, Nature, New Scientist and The Times Literary Supplement. He is sometimes confused with Matt Ridley, another writer on evolution who is also from the UK.

Published works

 * Ridley, Mark 1993. Evolution Blackwell; 2nd ed 1996 Blackwell ISBN 0-86542-495-0; 3rd ed 2003 Wiley ISBN 978-1-4051-0345-9. A comprehensive textbook: case studies, commentary, dedicated website and CD.
 * Mendel's Demon: Gene Justice and the Complexity of Life 2001 ISBN 978-0-7538-1410-9
 * Released in the US with the title: The Cooperative Gene: How Mendel's Demon Explains the Evolution of Complex Beings 2001 ISBN 978-0-7432-0161-2
 * Animal Behavior: An Introduction to Behavioral Mechanisms, Development, and Ecology 1995 ISBN 978-0-632-01416-3
 * The Problems of Evolution 1985 ISBN 978-0-19-219194-6
 * The Darwin Reader (Second Edition) 1996 ISBN 978-0-393-96967-2
 * How to Read Darwin 2006 ISBN 978-0-393-32881-3
 * Evolution and classification: The reformation of cladism 1986 ISBN 978-0-582-44497-3
 * Narrow Roads of Geneland (with W. D. Hamilton) 2006 ISBN 978-0-19-856690-8
 * The Explanation of Organic Diversity: The Comparative Method and Adaptations for Mating 1983 ISBN 978-0-19-857597-9
 * Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology: 1985 (with Richard Dawkins) Vol. 2 1986 ISBN 978-0-19-854174-5, Vol. 3 1987 ISBN 978-0-19-854199-8
 * Animal Behaviour: A Concise Introduction 1995 ISBN 978-0-86542-390-9
 * Richard Dawkins: How a Scientist Changed the Way We Think (editor, with Alan Grafen) 2007 ISBN 978-0-19-921466-2

title: Mark Ridley (zoologist)


text: User talk:81.196.252.28

title: User talk:81.196.252.28


text:
Charlotte Raven

Charlotte Raven (born 1969) is a British author and journalist. She studied English at the University of Manchester. As a Labour Club activist there in the late 1980s and early 1990s, she was part of a successful campaign to oust then student union communications officer Derek Draper, though she subsequently had a four-year relationship with him. She was University of Manchester Students' Union Women's Officer in 1990-91 and presided over an election in which future Labour MP Liam Byrne failed to be elected as the Union's Welfare Officer. She later studied at the University of Sussex.

Raven was a contributor to the Modern Review, and the editor of the relaunched version in 1997. There she met Julie Burchill, with whom she had an affair in 1995: the two are pictured in the National Portrait Gallery. Her columns have appeared frequently in The Guardian and New Statesman.

In 2001 Raven was accused of regional 'racism' after launching an attack on Denise Fergus, the mother of child murder victim James Bulger, and the people of Liverpool in general, in a Guardian article on the James Bulger case. The article generated a high level of complaints. In response, Guardian readers' editor Ian Mayes concluded that the article should not have been published.

In April 2013, it was announced that the feminist magazine Spare Rib would relaunch with Raven as the editor. It was subsequently announced that while a magazine and website were to be launched, it would now have a different name.

Personal life
She and her partner, the film maker Tom Sheahan, have a daughter, Anna, born in 2004 and a son, John, who was born in 2009.

In January 2010 she revealed that she had been diagnosed with Huntington's disease, an incurable hereditary disease, in January 2006 and had been contemplating suicide, an option she rejected after visiting a clinic in an area of Venezuela with a very high incidence of Huntington's Disease. In 2019 she became patient 1 on the Roche Gen-Peak trial of a huntingtin protein-lowering drug tominersen. In 2021 she published a memoir, Patient 1, with her doctor Edward Wild on the experience of coming to terms with the diagnosis, the drug trial and the living with the illness as it affected her mind and body. Raven was shortlisted for the 2022 Royal Society of Literature Christopher Bland Prize for the book.

Recognition
She was recognized as one of the BBC's 100 women of 2013.

title: Charlotte Raven