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Adoption of the Constitution of Ireland

The current Constitution of Ireland came into effect on 29 December 1937, repealing and replacing the Constitution of the Irish Free State, having been approved in a national plebiscite on 1 July 1937 with the support of 56.5% of voters in the then Irish Free State. The Constitution was closely associated with Éamon de Valera, the President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State at the time of its approval (and who assumed the position of Taoiseach on its adoption).

Background
The Constitution of Ireland replaced the Constitution of the Irish Free State, which had come into force on 6 December 1922, marking the establishment of a separate dominion within the British Commonwealth of Nations.

1922 Constitution
The original text of the 1922 Constitution was a schedule to the Constitution of the Irish Free State (Saorstát Eireann) Act 1922, passed by the Third Dáil sitting as a Constituent Assembly on 25 October 1922. This Act has subsequently been regarded by Irish courts as sufficient in itself to bring the Constitution into effect. However, the view of the British government at the time was different, and the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed on 5 December 1922 its own act, the Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922, with the entire Irish Act as a schedule, to give effect to the Constitution in British law.

Under the 1922 Constitution amendments were governed by Article 50. Article 50, at the time the 1937 Constitution was adopted, provided that constitutional amendments could be enacted by the Oireachtas (parliament) under the same procedure used for the adoption of ordinary laws. De Valera's government repudiated the 1922 Constitution as an unrepublican, foreign imposition and so deliberately provided that the new constitution would be adopted by in a manner outside the terms of the 1922 Constitution.

Motivation for change
There were two main motivations for replacing the constitution in 1937. Firstly, the Irish Free State constitution of 1922 was, in the eyes of many, associated with the Anglo-Irish Treaty. The largest political group in the anti-treaty faction, who opposed the treaty initially by force of arms, had boycotted the institutions of the new Irish Free State until 1926. In 1932 they were elected into power as the Fianna Fáil party.

After 1932, some of the articles of the original Constitution which were required by the Anglo-Irish Treaty were dismantled by acts of the Oireachtas, as permitted in British law by the Statute of Westminster 1931. These amendments removed references to the Oath of Allegiance, appeals to the United Kingdom's Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, the British Crown and the Governor General. The sudden abdication of Edward VIII in December 1936 was quickly used to redefine the royal connection via the Executive Authority (External Relations) Act 1936. Nevertheless, the Fianna Fáil government, led by Éamon de Valera, still desired to replace the constitutional document they saw as having been imposed by the UK government in 1922. The desire to replace the Constitution of the Irish Free State was motivated largely by the association of the existing constitution with the Anglo-Irish Treaty, and a belief that it had been imposed upon Ireland by the government of the United Kingdom. The main opponents of the Treaty had been elected to power as Fianna Fáil under Éamon de Valera in 1932, and a commitment was made to replace the constitution of the Free State. So closely tied to the policies of Fianna Fáil was the proposed new constitution that the 1937 referendum has been described as a vote of confidence in the republican government. After a new constitution was drafted by John Hearne, supervised by de Valera, the draft was debated and approved by the Oireachtas. The Oireachtas passed the Plebiscite (Draft Constitution) Act 1937, which allowed for a plebiscite to be held on the new constitution.

The second motive for replacing the original constitution was primarily symbolic. De Valera wanted to put an Irish stamp on the institutions of government, and chose to do this in particular through the use of Irish-language nomenclature.

Drafting process
De Valera as President of the Executive Council personally supervised the writing of the Constitution. It was drafted initially by John Hearne, legal adviser to the Department of External Affairs. De Valera served as his own External Affairs Minister, hence the use of the Department's Legal Advisor, with whom he had previously worked closely, as opposed to the Attorney General or someone from the Department of the President of the Executive Council. He also received significant input from John Charles McQuaid, the Catholic Archbishop of Dublin, on religious, educational, family and social welfare issues. The text was translated into Irish over a number of drafts by a group headed by Micheál Ó Gríobhtha (assisted by Risteárd Ó Foghludha), who worked in the Department of Education.

A draft of the constitution was presented personally to the Vatican for review and comment on two occasions by the Department Head at External Relations, Joseph P. Walsh. Prior to its tabling in Dáil Éireann and presentation to the Irish electorate in a plebiscite, Vatican Secretary of State Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, the future Pope Pius XII, said about the final amended draft, "I do not approve, neither do I disapprove; We shall maintain silence." The quid pro quo for this indulgence of the Catholic Church's interests in Ireland was the degree of respectability which it conferred on De Valera's formerly denounced republican faction and its reputation as the 'semi-constitutional' political wing of the 'irregular' anti-treaty forces.

Dáil debate
The draft constitution was approved by the Oireachtas before being put to a vote. The Free State Oireachtas was originally bicameral, consisting of the Dáil and the Seanad or Senate, as well as the Governor-General, who gave royal assent to bills to enact them. However, the Seanad and Governor-General had been abolished in 1936, so that once passed by the Dáil, a bill became law on the signature of the Ceann Comhairle.

The Constitution was not presented as a bill for enactment by the Oireachtas. Instead, the standing orders of the Dáil were changed so that it could pass a resolution by which it "approved" the draft constitution without it therefore immediately becoming law. The draft Constitution was introduced in Dáil on 10 March 1937, and was processed in the same manner as a bill, with first and second stages, committee and report stages, and a final stage on 14 June. Some amendments were made during these stages; notably, the name of the state was changed from Éire to "Éire, or in the English language, Ireland".

Positions on Draft Constitution
Supporters of replacing the Irish Free State Constitution were largely sympathetic to the Fianna Fáil party, or republicans who believed in removing the remaining constitutional and legal links to the British state. Opponents of the new constitution included a coalition of supporters of Fine Gael and the Labour Party, and former unionists who were concerned about permanently losing the last vestiges of Britain's influence on the institutions of Irish government. The National University Women Graduates' Association opposed the new constitution on the basis that it could undermine women's rights and privacy in the home.

Plebiscite
The framers of the 1937 Constitution decided that it would be enacted not by an elected body but by the people themselves by means of a plebiscite. The preamble to the 1937 Constitution is thus written in the name not of the legislature but of "We, the people of Éire". The Oireachtas on 2 June 1937 passed the Plebiscite (Draft Constitution) Act 1937, which mandated the holding of a plebiscite on the draft constitution on the same date as the next general election. The Dáil was dissolved as soon as it had approved the draft constitution on 14 June 1937. The ensuing general election was held on 1 July 1937, and the plebiscite was held in parallel.

It was the only statewide plebiscite or referendum to take place in the Irish Free State. (The term referendum is used in Irish law where the question is enactment of a bill; plebiscite is used for other questions.) The question put to voters was: It was passed with 56.5% of those voting in favour, comprising 38.6% of the total electorate.

The number of invalid or blank votes was high at almost 10% of the total votes cast. The 'Yes' vote won a majority in all but five of the thirty four constituencies, representing a solid level of support across Ireland. In a further six constituencies (Cavan, Cork North, Cork South-East, Leitrim, Roscommon, and Wexford), the majority for 'Yes' was less than the number of spoilt votes (spoilt votes also exceeded the 'No' majority in four of the five constituencies that voted 'No', the exception being Dublin Townships). Geographically, the 'No' vote was strongest in the constituencies of Dublin County and Wicklow, and in Cork West. The draft constitution had least support in Dublin Townships, and gained most support in Galway West, where three-quarters of voters backed the proposal. The plebiscite vote was heavily influenced by party political loyalties. Fianna Fáil voters overwhelmingly voted 'Yes', while Fine Gael voters and Protestants largely voted 'No'. The bulk of Labour voters supported the new constitution, despite the opposition of the party leadership.

Legal basis of enactment & coming into effect
The enactment of the Constitution of Ireland in 1937 has been described as a "legal revolution". The Irish Free State government was bound by the 1922 Constitution of the Irish Free State. The 1922 Constitution was made subject to the Anglo-Irish Treaty. Dáil Éireann (there was no Seanad Éireann at the time) did not have the power under article 12 of the Treaty to enact a new constitution. That was for a new constituent assembly only. The government chose to ignore these restrictions. The draft constitution was published on 1 May 1937, and only approved by Dáil Éireann on 14 June 1937. On 2 June 1937, the Oireachtas had enacted the Plebiscite (Draft Constitution) Act 1937. That statute made provision for a plebiscite on the draft constitution "throughout Saorstát Éireann" defined in Irish law as excluding Northern Ireland. The plebiscite on 1 July 1937 (as opposed to its organization) was not constitutional, which is why enactment by the people was a legal revolution.

Article 48 of the new Constitution provided for the repeal of the Irish Free State constitution, from the date of coming into operation of the new constitution. Under article 62, this was either after an interval of 180 days, or sooner if the Dáil so decided. The Irish Free State government chose not to have the Dáil (operating under the 1922 Constitution) decide, and the new Constitution came into operation on 29 December 1937 (without legal challenge to its validity).

Consequential acts were passed between July and December 1937 to provide for the establishment of, and holding elections for, the new Seanad and the Presidency, as well as for other adaptations. The Presidential Establishment Act 1938 was passed after the Constitution had come into effect but before the first President, Douglas Hyde, took office.

New official stamps, seals, and papers marked "Éire" replaced those with "Saorstát Éireann"; in some cases immediately, in other cases after existing stocks had run out.

International response
When the new constitution was enacted, according to The New York Times, the British government "contented itself with a legalistic protest". Its protest took the form of a communiqué on 30 December 1937 in which the British stated:

"His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom has considered the position created by the new Constitution … of the Irish Free State, in future to be described under the Constitution as 'Eire' or 'Ireland' … [and] cannot recognize that the adoption of the name 'Eire' or 'Ireland', or any other provision of those articles [of the Irish constitution], involves any right to territory … forming part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland … They therefore regard the use of the name 'Eire' or 'Ireland' in this connection as relating only to that area which has hitherto been known as the Irish Free State."

The Eire (Confirmation of Agreements) Act 1938 provided that Eire would be the style in UK law for the Irish state.

The Irish Government received messages of goodwill from 268 United States congressmen including eight senators. The signatories expressed "their ardent congratulations on the birth of the State of Ireland and the consequent coming into effect of the new constitution", adding that "We regard the adoption of the new constitution and the emergence of the State of Ireland as events of the utmost importance."

Ireland, a successor state?
Given that there is little doubt about statehood in Ireland in 1937, was Ireland a successor state to the Irish Free State? The answer would appear to be yes. Ireland was treated as a successor state in its international relations. That the Department of External Affairs merely notified foreign governments only of the change of name and did not re-accredit diplomats as it could have done is not decisive.

title: Adoption of the Constitution of Ireland


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Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion

In the control system theory, the Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion is a mathematical test that is a necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of a linear time-invariant (LTI) dynamical system or control system. A stable system is one whose output signal is bounded; the position, velocity or energy do not increase to infinity as time goes on. The Routh test is an efficient recursive algorithm that English mathematician Edward John Routh proposed in 1876 to determine whether all the roots of the characteristic polynomial of a linear system have negative real parts. German mathematician Adolf Hurwitz independently proposed in 1895 to arrange the coefficients of the polynomial into a square matrix, called the Hurwitz matrix, and showed that the polynomial is stable if and only if the sequence of determinants of its principal submatrices are all positive. The two procedures are equivalent, with the Routh test providing a more efficient way to compute the Hurwitz determinants ($$\Delta_i$$) than computing them directly. A polynomial satisfying the Routh–Hurwitz criterion is called a Hurwitz polynomial.

The importance of the criterion is that the roots p of the characteristic equation of a linear system with negative real parts represent solutions ept of the system that are stable (bounded). Thus the criterion provides a way to determine if the equations of motion of a linear system have only stable solutions, without solving the system directly. For discrete systems, the corresponding stability test can be handled by the Schur–Cohn criterion, the Jury test and the Bistritz test. With the advent of computers, the criterion has become less widely used, as an alternative is to solve the polynomial numerically, obtaining approximations to the roots directly.

The Routh test can be derived through the use of the Euclidean algorithm and Sturm's theorem in evaluating Cauchy indices. Hurwitz derived his conditions differently.

Using Euclid's algorithm
The criterion is related to Routh–Hurwitz theorem. From the statement of that theorem, we have $$p-q=w(+\infty)-w(-\infty)$$ where: By the fundamental theorem of algebra, each polynomial of degree n must have n roots in the complex plane (i.e., for an ƒ with no roots on the imaginary line, p + q = n). Thus, we have the condition that ƒ is a (Hurwitz) stable polynomial if and only if p − q = n (the proof is given below). Using the Routh–Hurwitz theorem, we can replace the condition on p and q by a condition on the generalized Sturm chain, which will give in turn a condition on the coefficients of ƒ.
 * $$p$$ is the number of roots of the polynomial $$f(z)$$ with negative real part;
 * $$q$$ is the number of roots of the polynomial $$f(z)$$ with positive real part (according to the theorem, $$f$$ is supposed to have no roots lying on the imaginary line);
 * w(x) is the number of variations of the generalized Sturm chain obtained from $$P_0(y)$$ and $$P_1(y)$$ (by successive Euclidean divisions) where $$f(iy)=P_0(y)+iP_1(y)$$ for a real y.

Using matrices
Let f(z) be a complex polynomial. The process is as follows:
 * 1) Compute the polynomials $$P_0(y)$$ and $$P_1(y)$$ such that $$f(iy)=P_0(y)+iP_1(y)$$ where y is a real number.
 * 2) Compute the Sylvester matrix associated to  $$P_0(y)$$ and  $$P_1(y)$$.
 * 3) Rearrange each row in such a way that an odd row and the following one have the same number of leading zeros.
 * 4) Compute each principal minor of that matrix.
 * 5) If at least one of the minors is negative (or zero), then the polynomial f is not stable.

Example

 * Let $$f(z)=az^2+bz+c$$ (for the sake of simplicity we take real coefficients) where $$ c\neq 0$$ (to avoid a root in zero so that we can use the Routh–Hurwitz theorem). First, we have to calculate the real polynomials $$P_0(y)$$ and $$P_1(y)$$:
 * $$f(iy)=-ay^2+iby+c=P_0(y)+iP_1(y)=-ay^2+c+i(by).$$
 * Next, we divide those polynomials to obtain the generalized Sturm chain:
 * $$P_0(y)=((-a/b)y)P_1(y)+c,$$ yields $$ P_2(y)=-c,$$
 * $$P_1(y)=((-b/c)y)P_2(y),$$ yields $$P_3(y)=0$$ and the Euclidean division stops.

Notice that we had to suppose b different from zero in the first division. The generalized Sturm chain is in this case $$(P_0(y),P_1(y),P_2(y))=(c-ay^2,by,-c)$$. Putting $$y=+\infty$$, the sign of $$(c-ay^2)$$ is the opposite sign of a and the sign of by is the sign of b. When we put $$(y=-\infty)$$, the sign of the first element of the chain is again the opposite sign of a and the sign of by is the opposite sign of b. Finally, -c has always the opposite sign of c.

Suppose now that f is Hurwitz-stable. This means that $$w(+\infty)-w(-\infty)=2$$ (the degree of f). By the properties of the function w, this is the same as $$w(+\infty)=2$$ and $$w(-\infty)=0$$. Thus, a, b and c must have the same sign. We have thus found the necessary condition of stability for polynomials of degree 2.

Routh–Hurwitz criterion for second, third and fourth-order polynomials

 * For second-order polynomial $$ P(s) = a_2s^2 + a_1s + a_0 = 0 $$, all coefficients must be positive, where $$ a_i > 0 $$ for $$ (i = 0, 1, 2) $$.
 * For third-order polynomial $$ P(s) = a_3s^3 + a_2s^2 + a_1s + a_0 = 0 $$, all coefficients must be positive, where $$ a_i > 0 $$ for $$ (i = 0, 1, 2, 3) $$, and $$ a_2a_1 - a_3a_0 > 0$$.
 * For a fourth-order polynomial $$ P(s) = a_4s^4 + a_3s^3 + a_2s^2 + a_1s + a_0 = 0 $$, all coefficients must be positive, where $$ a_i > 0 $$ for $$ (i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) $$, $$ a_2a_1 - a_3a_0 > 0$$ and $$ a_3a_2a_1 - a_4a_1^2 - a_3^2a_0 > 0$$ (When this is derived you do not know all coefficients should be positive, and you add $$ a_3a_2 > a_1$$.)
 * In general the Routh stability criterion states a polynomial has all roots in the open left half-plane if and only if all first-column elements of the Routh array have the same sign.
 * All coefficients being positive (or all negative) is necessary for all roots to be located in the open left half-plane. That is why here $$ a_n $$ is fixed to 1, which is positive. When this is assumed, we can remove $$ a_3a_2 > a_1$$ from fourth-order polynomial, and conditions for fifth- and sixth-order can be simplified. For fifth-order we only need to check that $$\Delta_2>0, \Delta_4>0$$ and for sixth-order we only need to check $$\Delta_3>0, \Delta_5>0$$ and this is further optimised in Liénard–Chipart criterion. Indeed, some coefficients being positive is not independent with principal minors being positive, like $$a_2 > 0$$ check can be removed for third-order polynomial.

Higher-order example
A tabular method can be used to determine the stability when the roots of a higher order characteristic polynomial are difficult to obtain. For an nth-degree polynomial the table has n + 1 rows and the following structure: where the elements $$b_i$$ and $$c_i$$ can be computed as follows: When completed, the number of sign changes in the first column will be the number of non-negative roots. In the first column, there are two sign changes (0.75 → −3, and −3 → 3), thus there are two non-negative roots where the system is unstable.
 * $$D(s)=a_ns^n+a_{n-1}s^{n-1}+\cdots+a_1s+a_0$$
 * $$b_i=\frac{a_{n-1}\times{a_{n-2i}}-a_n\times{a_{n-(2i+1)}}}{a_{n-1}}.$$
 * $$c_i=\frac{b_1\times{a_{n-(2i+1)}}-a_{n-1}\times{b_{i+1}}}{b_1}.$$

The characteristic equation of a servo system is given by:

 * $$b_0s^4+b_1s^3+b_2s^2+b_3s+b_4=0$$

for stability, all the elements in the first column of the Routh array must be positive. So the conditions that must be satisfied for stability of the given system as follows:

$$b_1>0, b_1b_2-b_0b_3>0 , (b_1b_2-b_0b_3)b_3-b_1^2b_4 >0 ,b_4>0 $$

We see that if

$$(b_1b_2-b_0b_3)b_3-b_1^2b_4\geq0$$

then

$$b_1b_2-b_0b_3>0 $$

Is satisfied.

$$
 * $$s^4+6s^3+11s^2+6s+200=0

We have the following table : there are two sign changes. The system is unstable, since it has two right-half-plane poles and two left-half-plane poles. The system cannot have jω poles since a row of zeros did not appear in the Routh table.

Sometimes the presence of poles on the imaginary axis creates a situation of marginal stability. In that case the coefficients of the "Routh array" in a whole row become zero and thus further solution of the polynomial for finding changes in sign is not possible. Then another approach comes into play. The row of polynomial which is just above the row containing the zeroes is called the "auxiliary polynomial".

We have the following table: In such a case the auxiliary polynomial is $$A(s)=2s^4+12s^2+16\,$$ which is again equal to zero. The next step is to differentiate the above equation which yields the polynomial $$B(s)=8s^3+24s^1$$. The coefficients of the row containing zero now become "8" and "24". The process of Routh array is proceeded using these values which yield two points on the imaginary axis. These two points on the imaginary axis are the prime cause of marginal stability.
 * $$s^6+2s^5+8s^4+12s^3+20s^2+16s+16=0.\,$$

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion


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Talk:List of house styles

Untitled
This is a strange article. I don't know what the original point was. I've changed it into something a little more coherent, but it could use a lot more work. If house styles from other countries can't be added, shouldn't the title be changed?

Mothperson 17:13, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I added a bunch of disambiguated links to improve things a bit... and the House styles category, which I've been working on (largely before even finding this page (doh!), but the results were about the same). I suppose a name change might be in order... they're all American/Western European styles, but they are creeping around the world I imagine.  --W.marsh 17:05, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I've wondered about that. The creeping, I mean.  I appreciate your improvements.  --Mothperson cocoon 17:15, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Over time I've radically improved and lengthened the article Architectural_style. This could now be merged into it. All House style is a subset of architectural style generally, and the same styles have been applied to houses, commercial and civic buildings, etc. It is the style that matters, not the function of the building. Bards (talk) 19:39, 28 February 2012 (UTC)

Multiple Links
Is it really necessary to have three links to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudorbethan_architecture right next to each other? Pharod42 05:53, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

Merge talk
If interested, see Talk:List of house types where I've posted a comment about merging the two articles --W.marsh 21:45, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Add Styles
Austin Style - popular in Texas. Involves local lime stone, local red clay brick and lots of local natural cedar on the exterior as well as hipped roofs. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.170.212.28 (talk) 19:03, 12 December 2011 (UTC)

Type not style
House, like any building, can only be categorized by type, never by style; style is something which can be applied to any type of house/building - this is what they teach you in arch school. However, I noticed that this common mistake in categorization is prevalent online, sometime even in some official org. lingo. (There is entire Guide for house style printed by historical preservation office at Longbeach.org - and since they, historical preservation office, must have bunch of experts in art and arch with them, it is mindboggling.) ౪ Santa ౪  99°  18:25, 16 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia goes by what reputable sources say. Can you demonstrate that the majority of reputable sources make that distinction? - Donald Albury 21:53, 16 October 2022 (UTC)
 * "House.... can only be categorized by type, never by style" - I'm not at all not convinced that's true. Obscurasky (talk) 08:59, 17 October 2022 (UTC)

Foursquare house
The picture is not a Foursquare house. Foursquare houses have hipped roofs. 174.17.163.219 (talk) 16:46, 29 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of house styles


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Alex Bunbury

Alexander Bunbury (born 18 June 1967) is a Canadian former professional soccer player who played as a striker.

He played mainly for Marítimo in Portugal during a 13-year professional career, and represented the Canadian national team during 11 years. In 2000, Bunbury became a manager.

Club career
Born in Plaisance, Guyana, Bunbury started playing professionally with the Hamilton Steelers where he was managed by John Charles, also having one-year spells in the Canadian Soccer League with the Toronto Blizzard and Montreal Supra.

In 1993, after an unassuming season for West Ham United (only six appearances overall), he moved to Portugal's C.S. Marítimo, going on to become the club's all-time leading goalscorer in the Primeira Liga with 59 goals. In his second season, he won the Foreign Player of the Year award, and he scored a career-best 15 goals in the 1998–99 campaign, helping his team to the tenth position in what was his final year in Madeira.

In early 1999, after requesting a move to play closer to his hometown of Montreal, Bunbury returned to North America, and retired after two seasons with the Kansas City Wizards of Major League Soccer. Subsequently, he took up coaching in Minnesota, first with youth team Bangu FC and later at the Minnesota Thunder Academy.

Bunbury was inducted into the Canadian Soccer Hall of Fame in April 2006. In 2012, as part of the Canadian Soccer Association's centennial celebration, he was named to the all-time Canada XI men's team.

International career
Bunbury played in all three of Canada's games at the 1985 FIFA World Youth Championship in the Soviet Union. He made his debut with the senior side in an August 1986 Merlion Cup match against Singapore, and went on to earn 65 caps and score 15 goals during 11 years.

Bunbury ranked fourth in the all-time scorer's list in June 2008, and eighth in appearances. He represented the nation in 30 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, and played at the inaugural 1989 FIFA Futsal World Championship.

Bunbury's final international was a November 1997 World Cup qualification match against Costa Rica, a game after which Paul Dolan, Geoff Aunger, Frank Yallop and Colin Miller also said farewell to the national team.

International goals

 * Scores and results list Canada's goal tally first.

Personal life
After his retirement, Bunbury made Prior Lake, Minnesota, his home, where he worked as a youth soccer coach and trainer. He has four children with his ex-wife Kristi: actress Kylie, professional soccer players Teal and Mataeo, and Logan.

Honours
Marítimo
 * Taça de Portugal: runner-up 1994–95

Kansas City Wizards
 * MLS Cup: 2000
 * MLS Supporters' Shield: 2000

Individual
 * Canadian International Player of the Year: 1993, 1995
 * Primeira Liga: Foreign Player of the Year 1994–95

title: Alex Bunbury


text: User talk:67.131.173.2

title: User talk:67.131.173.2


text:
User:Mosesroth

My real name is Moses Roth (big surprise). You can email me at mosesroth (at) gmail (dot) com (also big surprise).

title: User:Mosesroth


text:
Freeway II: Confessions of a Trickbaby

Freeway II: Confessions of a Trickbaby is a 1999 black comedy crime thriller film and the sequel to Freeway (1996), written and directed by Matthew Bright. It stars Natasha Lyonne as Crystal "White Girl" Van Meter and María Celedonio as Angela "Cyclona" Garcia. While the first film was partly inspired by "Little Red Riding Hood", the second film is somewhat based on "Hansel and Gretel". It was an international co-production between the United States and Mexico.

In the film, a 15 yr old prostitute is imprisoned for robbing her customers. She escapes from a minimal-security hospital, alongside a 16 yr old serial killer. The killer promises that her new partner (and love interest) can get medical help by the killer's former caretaker. The caretaker turns out to be a witch, a cult leader, a cannibal, and a child pornographer.

Plot
Crystal "White Girl" Van Meter is a 15-year-old prostitute who is sentenced to 25 years for a long list of crimes that include beating up and robbing her customers. Transferred to a minimum security hospital to seek treatment for bulimia, White Girl teams up with Angela "Cyclona" Garcia, a lesbian teenage serial killer. Together, they escape from the hospital, despite White Girl injuring herself on a barbed-wire fence. Cyclona is convinced her beloved former caretaker Sister Gomez can help White Girl with her eating disorder and they head to Tijuana. On the way, Cyclona murders a family and has sex with the dead bodies. White Girl is not happy that Cyclona has stopped taking her medication and insists she continue to take occasional doses should they continue together. They steal the family's car and make their way south. On the way, Cyclona reveals how Sister Gomez saved her from being molested by her father and possibly aliens. After drinking one too many beers and huffing some paint, they crash and fall down a hill laughing.

Undaunted, the two fugitives catch a ride on a freight train only to be assaulted by a transient crack addict. Cyclona kills him to protect White Girl, and the two make off with his bag of crack and guns. Venturing into the woods, they leave a trail of crack which is picked away by shady men with crow feathers on their hats. Lost and confused, they make it to the border only to have a stand-off with two customs officials, both of whom Cyclona kills. White Girl, angry that Cyclona has murdered two law-enforcement officials, violently pistol-whips Cyclona and after making her point, the two race to the suburbs of Tijuana.

Upon their arrival in Tijuana, White Girl makes money by luring men to dark alleys on the promise of sex and mugging them. Cyclona and White Girl check into a run-down motel where they relax with beer, a shower and a vibrating bed. White Girl finally gives in to Cyclona's sexual advances toward her and the two of them engage in energetic lesbian sex.

After a few days, the two lovers find a poster that shows Sister Gomez is in town. Sister Gomez appears to be a Catholic/spiritualist healer; Cyclona is very keen that they visit her, for Sister Gomez has protected her from abuse in the past, and might be able to help them. They visit Sister Gomez at her gaudy mission house. Sister makes an enormous roast feast for her "little movie star" (Cyclona) and the friend "with the hungry demon" (Crystal), referring to her bulimia.

Cyclona then disappears as White Girl is forced to work for Sister Gomez in the same way as she has been doing, in exchange for food. Finally, Crystal grows weary and makes her way to the basement, where she finds small children in a bondage room with a U.F.O shaped lantern. There is blood everywhere. Cyclona is hanging half-nude in a bondage style contraption. She tells Crystal that Sister Gomez made her watch while she chopped up children and made food out of them. She reveals that her ultimate plan for Crystal was to fatten her up with the meat of the children, and then serve Crystal up for dinner as well.

Crystal concludes that Sister Gomez is the witch-leader of a bizarre cult that rapes and eats children and then sells child pornography videos, protected by the front of a Catholic mission. Ready to deliver justice, White Girl frees Cyclona and kills all the cult members; she also reveals Sister Gomez to be a trans woman. Not succumbing to bullets, Gomez is thrown in the oven. Burning, Gomez screams of her 100,000 years of terror and the revenge from her father Jupiter that will ensue.

White Girl, keeping a promise made earlier, is forced to kill Cyclona in a tearful scene rather than allow her to be captured. Cyclona, wishing to leave behind a life of abuse and violence, hopes to be reincarnated as an eagle (we discover that Sister Gomez was her earliest abuser). White Girl makes a deal with the federales and leaves with her lawyer/pimp, stating "I'm not hungry anymore."

Release
The film premiered in the "Midnight Madness" category at the 1999 Toronto International Film Festival. In the United States, it was released direct to video.

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 36% based on 11 reviews.

The A.V. Club describes it as "a sketchy but eerily effective take on Hansel And Gretel, with the ever-eccentric Gallo making a profound impact as a creepily soothing, androgynous charlatan with sinister intentions." In Variety, Dennis Harvey opines "Lacking the inspired performances as well as wit, suspense, energy and crisp storyline of the first film, it trades in a strained sensationalism that soon waxes surprisingly dull."

title: Freeway II: Confessions of a Trickbaby


text:
Virtual Reality Applications Center

The Virtual Reality Applications Center (VRAC) is a research center within the Engineering Teaching and Research Complex (ETRC) at Iowa State University (ISU) and is involved in advanced research of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), human computer interaction (HCI), visualization, and is home to the world's highest resolution immersive virtual reality facility, known as the C6.

Origins of VRAC
VRAC began in 1990 as the Iowa Center for Emerging Manufacturing Technology (ICEMT) under the directorship of Dr. James Bernard, a faculty member in the Mechanical Engineering department. ICEMT was established within the Institute for Physical Research and Technology, a network of research and technology-transfer centers and industrial-outreach programs at Iowa State University. In 1992 ICEMT received its first VR-focused grant, a three-year project from the Office of Naval Research, focused on virtual reality applications for manufacturing. In 1994 ICEMT began virtual prototyping research for John Deere, which remains VRAC's longest continuous industrial relationship.

ICEMT constructed its first VR facility, a 12'x12' CAVE-like structure named the C2, in 1996 under the supervision of Dr. Carolina Cruz-Neira, inventor of the CAVE and the ICEMT Associate Director. Starting in November 1999 ICEMT changed its name to the Virtual Reality Applications Center, moved into the newly constructed Engineering Teaching and Research Complex (ETRC) and started construction on a new VR facility known as the C6. In June 2000 the C6 officially opened as the world's first fully immersive 6-sided virtual reality facility with all wireless tracking, navigation, and control systems, and the first such system located in the United States.

In 2003 VRAC expanded its mission by creating an interdepartmental graduate program known as Human Computer Interaction (HCI). In 2004 Dr. James Oliver, a faculty member in Mechanical Engineering, began his tenure as the VRAC Director. A technology refresh of the C6 in 2006 put the facility on the map as the highest resolution immersive environment of its kind with over 100 million pixels.

History of 6-sided visualization facilities

 * September, 1998
 * COSMOS at Gifu Prefectural Science & Technology Promotion Center, in "Techno-Plaza" of VR Techno in Kakamigahara City, Gifu prefecture, Japan (north of Nagoya).
 * "photos of COSMOS"

 * October 23, 1998
 * "VR-CUBE" at Center for Parallel Computers (PDC) at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm, Sweden.

 * August, 1999
 * "Six sided CAVE" at VR-Center Nord at Aalborg University in Aalborg, Denmark.

 * June 19, 2000
 * C6 at the Virtual Reality Applications Center (VRAC) at Iowa State University in Ames, IA, USA.

 * November 2001
 * Adaptive Laboratory for Immersive Cognitive Experiments (ALICE) at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Beckman Institute.

title: Virtual Reality Applications Center


text: User talk:62.128.167.19

title: User talk:62.128.167.19


text: User talk:147.70.105.227

title: User talk:147.70.105.227


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John Deasy (Fine Gael politician)

John Deasy (born 8 October 1967) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Waterford constituency from 2002 to 2020.

Early and personal life
Deasy was brought up in Stradbally and Dungarvan, County Waterford. He was educated at Coláiste na Rinne, An Rinn, County Waterford, and at St. Augustine's College in Dungarvan. Deasy studied at Mercyhurst College, Erie, Pennsylvania, on a golfing scholarship where he received a Bachelor of Arts in History and Communications.

In 1990, Deasy was employed as a legislative assistant in the United States Senate, handling trade and foreign affairs, for Republican Senator John Heinz. He remained in the position until Heinz's death in 1991. The following year he became manager of public affairs for a multinational waste company. Deasy was also legislative assistant in the United States House of Representatives, handling trade, foreign affairs, energy, environment, banking, economic development, immigration and human rights, for Congressman Ronald Machtley.

He returned to Ireland in 1997, and studied at University College Cork, qualifying with a degree in law. In May 2005, Deasy married the RTÉ presenter, Maura Derrane. The couple have a son, Cal, born in 2014.

Political career
In 1999, he embarked on a political career and was elected to Waterford County Council and Dungarvan Town Council. At the 2002 general election he was elected to Dáil Éireann for the first time, succeeding his father, former Minister for Agriculture Austin Deasy, who was retiring. He was appointed Spokesperson for Justice, Equality and Law Reform, by the new leader, Enda Kenny. He was sacked from the Fine Gael front bench in 2004, for smoking tobacco in the members bar at Leinster House, the seat of the Irish Parliament, just days after a nationwide ban on smoking in the workplace had come into effect. In October 2004, he failed to return to the front bench in the reshuffle, but was appointed Chairman of the Dáil European Union Affairs Committee.

In January 2007, he announced his intention to challenge Enda Kenny's leadership of Fine Gael, should the party fail to enter government after the 2007 election. Fine Gael did not enter government, nor did Deasy carry out his challenge. He served as party Deputy Spokesperson on Foreign Affairs, with special responsibility for Overseas Development Aid from 2007 to 2010. Having topped the poll in Waterford at the 2011 election, he was vice-chair of the Dáil Committee of Public Accounts.

Deasy was re-elected at the 2016 election. In July 2017, he was appointed government envoy to the United States Congress advocating for Irish undocumented immigrants. In November 2017, he announced that he would not be standing at the next general election due to health concerns. In June 2019, the Fine Gael organisation in Waterford constituency passed a motion of no confidence in Deasy, supporting his longtime rival Paudie Coffey.

title: John Deasy (Fine Gael politician)


text:
Talk:Pipe organ/refactor

This has now been superceded by WikiProject PipeOrgan

Welcome
The Pipe Organ Refactor Project is a temporary project to address some problems with the articles concerning pipe organs.

It exists for three reasons:

1. To help me and any others who participate keep track of what is done and what outstanding.

2. To invite others (you!) to participate.

3. To provide a target for a temporary message to replace the various merge and cleanup messages currently on the articles.

This is a discussion page. Feel free to edit it. Andrewa 17:26, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Participants
You don't need to list yourself here to participate, but it might help communication.

 * 1) Andrewa
 * 2) The Uninvited Co., Inc.
 * 3) Daniel Lotspeich
 * 4) L. P. (I'm not sure if I'm allowed to add my name here, but I am willing to help/participate and wanted to let you know.)

Refactor Project Message
I am replacing some of the cleanup, merge and attention messages with a message pointing here. As this is a temporary message, I have deliberately not created a template for it.

These messages should be removed when the article is in a state that no longer warrants cleanup, merge, etc attention, and not before. If you feel that another message is necessary in addition, as a means of attracting more help for example, then by all means add it. But personally I feel that this new temporary message is sufficient, obviously.

When all such messages have been removed, this project will terminate, and this page will be archived. Andrewa 17:26, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The message is generated by

This article is part of the Pipe Organ Refactor Project. See that page for details.

For a list of articles tagged with it, see below.

Scope of the project
This project exists to remove some specific problems with existng pipe organ articles:

 * Excessive redundancy of material.
 * Inaccuracy.
 * In particular, several authors (in good faith no doubt) have represented the features of some style of organ as being representative of all organs.

There will be some copyedits done at the same time no doubt, and material added, but those are not the main aims.

The project does not at this stage seek to address:

 * Stubs. These will just be tagged with the existing   notice (possibly in addition to the refactor notice) and processed by the normal channels.
 * Categories. There are several problems with existing categories, but all articles to be addressed by this project seem to be appropriate for the existing category:pipe organ, and will be added to it.

Progress
Several articles have been moved from category:woodwind instruments and the nonexistent category:organ to category:pipe organ, others with no category have just been added to category:pipe organ.

Cleanup, attention and merge tags on some affected articles have been replaced by the temporary refactor tag, and some new refactor tags added.

Refactor of pipe organ article has started, with a new introduction and structure, and a link to the newly-discovered organ repertoire article, which has itself now been added to cat:pipe organ and expanded a very little.

The introduction of electronic organ has been rewritten, to make it a more suitable target for a link from organ (music) and possible recipient of some material from this article.

 * I see Stop (pipe organ) has been merged to pipe organ, which wasn't what I had in mind at all but can work. However the logical structure of that article now seems rather strange to me. Andrewa 10:21, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Don't forget organ stop - it touches/covers a few things that weren't in the other article. (And BTW I chucked something into miter joint that probably should be redood.) Kwantus 04:13, 2005 Apr 26 (UTC)
 * G'day. I'm looking at the mitre joint article, which relates to woodworking and there's this bit there about pipe organs which I'd like to move somewhere more appropriate. Can you suggest a place for it? I know nothing about pipe organs. Maybe it needs a new article called mitre joint (pipe organ) or something and a link on the mitre disambiguation page? It doesn't make a lot of sense to leave it where it is. I'm happy to do the work if you point me in the right direction. SilentC 00:10, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I've done some rearranging and added material to the already-expanded pipe organ article. It's a bit more logical in its structure now, but there is still lots to do. Andrewa 13:32, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Outstanding issues
This list will probably never be complete!

List of tagged articles
This list is for convenience; The tagged articles can also be identified by listing what links to this page.

 * Variations in timbre of organ pipes: Formerly listed for cleanup, no talk page yet. Also listed as a musical instrument stub.
 * Previously listed for merge, although nobody really thinks it should happen, what is needed rather is a refactor of both articles:
 * Organ (music) - refactored
 * Pipe organ
 * Organ flue pipe scaling: Previously listed for both cleanup and attention; talk page reads Good information but needs to be translated a little better to the non-expert. Also listed as a musical instrument stub.
 * Need to be merged:
 * Stop (pipe organ) - merged to pipe organ.
 * Organ stop - merge no longer required.
 * Organ pipe - fairly bare

Planned article structure

 * Organ (music) will be a short article for non-specialists, containing material about organs in general.
 * Pipe organ will contain general information about pipe organs, including the history of pipe organs.
 * Electronic organ will contain information about electronic organs, including their history.

 * Comment: will you consider digital classical organs separately from electronic (e.g. Hammond) organs? - Just zis Guy, you know? [T]/[C] AfD? 15:02, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

Specific issues noticed but not being addressed by this project

 * Category:electronic music instruments should probably be named electronic musical instruments for consistency with other category names.
 * Electronic organ needs a complete rewrite, the style is a bit peculiar, in particular use of the feminine pronoun she to refer to all organists. But the content seems good, both accurate and comprehensive. No talk page as yet.

WikiProject Pipe Organ proposed
Hi. If anyone still watches this page, I have formally proposed the WikiProject WikiProject Council/Proposals to see if we can give some revived support to improving the Pipe organ articles. Please add your name to the interested list and lets see if we can get this off the ground. Mdcollins1984 10:22, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pipe organ/refactor


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)

This WikiProject seeks to do the following:

 * 1) Help create and maintain a comprehensive resource on all aspects of Quakers and Quakerism that are suitable for Wikipedia, including Quaker history, practices, theology, beliefs, biographies, writings, meetings, and organizations.
 * 2) Help maintain quality articles on issues that Friends have traditionally been concerned with, like peace/pacifism, gambling, Native American issues, and so on.
 * 3) Ensure that Friends are accurately represented in other Wikipedia articles, such as articles about religion or Christianity. E.g. Christian views of women

Scope
This project includes in its scope all things relating to The Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). These articles should be placed in the Category:Quakerism or one of its subcategories.

An initial listing of articles included in other reference works regarding Quakers can be found WikiProject Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)/Missing articles. We should definitely work to ensure that material related to Quakerism which is to be found in other reference works is also discussed somewhere here.

Current Collaboration
Create or complete articles for topics featured in the Quaker Tapestry. There is a list of the panels in the tapestry's article already, we should break out a list of what's needed and post that here.

You can find an archive of past collaborations here.

Categories
We keep an eye on the categories related to our work:

There are also the following two minor categories for the article tracking (see below):
 * Category:Quaker articles by quality
 * Category:Quaker articles by importance
 * List of

Templates
These templates will prove useful for labeling pages, use them well. See Category:Quaker templates.

List of articles
We need to keep the list of articles below in sync with the articles in the categories we watch (please note not all articles below should be in the Quakerism category).
 * Please add all articles by category to the WikiProject Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)/Articles list.
 * Use the recent changes function to check these articles for improvements, vandalism, and other changes.
 * It might also be possible to create articles on all the pages in the Quaker Wikia site, a list of which can be found at WikiProject Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)/Wikia articles.

Featured articles

 * George Fox
 * Ursula Franklin

Good articles

 * Benjaminville Friends Meeting House and Burial Ground
 * Smedley Butler

DYK (Did You Know)s

 * Benjaminville Friends Meeting House and Burial Ground - 26 June 2007.
 * Benjaminville, Illinois - 26 June 2007.
 * Michael Rowntree - 15 November 2007.
 * Cornwall Friends Meeting House - 1 March 2009.
 * Smith Clove Meetinghouse - 11 March 2009.
 * William Yardley - 17 August 2008.

Former featured articles

 * Shakers

Former good articles

 * Religious Society of Friends

Version 1.0 Editorial Team selections
The following articles have all been selected for inclusion in one or more release versions of Wikipedia. Please help ensure that these articles remain of the highest possible quality.
 * George Fox
 * Religious Society of Friends

List of Quakers
Items on the List of Quakers and in the Category:Quakers need to be cross-checked to include all relevant people in both places. Any articles on the list page that are not in the category need to have added to the end. We also need to cross check those pages with the list of people in the article section below.

 * This list has now been deleted by an editor, without consultation. See Talk Page.

Friends Schools
Similar to List of Quakers, and List of Friends Schools page and Category:Quaker schools need to be cross checked, and the list of articles below updated.

Templates

 * putting our stub tag,, on pages that need it.
 * a YM template
 * a Quaker bio template

Illustrations

 * Have a look at Quaker and Portraits of Quakers illustrations on Wikimedia Commons.
 * Quaker star-T.svg Quaker star on Wikimedia Commons.

Cross-wiki collaboration?
It would be great to have the classic Quaker texts on Wikisource, and even greater to have more than just the classics. Also, the familiar quotes could be put on Wikiquote.

Articles
Articles for this project are broken into several groups. Articles on those pages are currently organized with the schema found here. The bot-generated list of articles and their rates can be found here, statistics on articles being tracked by the bot can be found in the table to the right.

 * Basic info and terms
 * Beliefs and Practices
 * Geography and YM's
 * History and events
 * Locations and Events
 * Meeting Houses
 * Organizations and Groups
 * People
 * Schools
 * Requested Articles

In addition to the groups listed here there are also lists of Quaker related pages at: List of Quakers, List of Friends Schools and List of Quaker businesses.

Procedures
This WikiProject should follow existing Quaker practices when possible. In particular, rather than voting on proposed actions that require a group decision, participants should comment as they are led, this is fortunately very compatible with Wikipedia's decision making process.

Currently there are no proposed group actions and no clerk but the need has not yet arisen.

Vocabulary

 * "Several of the articles I have worked on (Religious Society of Friends included), have had problems finding agreed upon vocabulary. I'd like to suggest that we include in this project a set of agreed upon vocabulary for use in the articles.  Hopefully this will promote constancy and clarity across the articles. To that end, I propose the first term to be listed be the name of the group, and my idea of a suggested format for listing. I don't mean to suggest this as the final answer, just a starting place." --Ahc

"Religious Society of Friends" versus "Society of Friends" versus "Friends" versus "Quakers"

 * Within articles about Friends we use the full traditional name Religious Society of Friends, or simply Friends for short.
 * Use of Society of Friends be restricted to use to discussions of groups that are not comfortable with the Religious titling.
 * Be aware that there are Friends that feel that "SoF" has its own meaning (see archived discussion of RSoF page title.
 * The term Quaker should be reserved for use in other articles as links to RSoF and when the history of the term is being explained.

non-credal, non-creedal?
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, either form is used. Two es if you think it comes from "creed", one if you think it comes from the Latin credo. The more "current" form is with one e (the most recent use of "creedal" the OED lists is from the 1870s, while the other form is how the Economist spelt it in 1957).

We'll use the spelling "credal" and "non-credal" ("noncredal" looks funny ) when it comes up.

Participants
Please add yourself, and if you like indicate your connection with Friends or particular areas of interest. Members will receive the project newsletter automatically. To unsubscribe add yourself to the list here.


text:
Nesttun

Nesttun is an urban settlement in the borough of Fana in the municipality of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway. It is located approximately 10 km south of the city centre. It was the centre of the old Fana municipality, which merged with Bergen in 1972, and is today the administration centre of Fana borough. Nesttun contains a mall, several smaller shops, a library, and Birkeland Church.

Climate
A problem facing Nesttun is flooding after heavy rain. In 2005, heavy rain caused the river that flows through the town to break its banks. A 2014 article in Fanaposten said that the municipality has taken too few measures to avoid flooding of the magnitude of the 2005 flooding.

Transport
Until the opening of the Ulriken Tunnel in 1964, Nesttun was a station on the Bergensbanen railway, and a station on the Nesttun-Osbanen railway until its closure in 1935. After lengthy construction work, the two double-lane roads which went through the centre of Nesttun were converted into a pedestrian mall and a single-lane road. Nesttun is a major traffic junction of the Bergen area, and this status will be strengthened in 2010, when the first phase of the Bergen Light Rail system is completed. Buses to the city centre of Bergen depart Nesttun every five minutes.

Education
There are several schools in the immediate vicinity of Nesttun. Midtun skole and Slåtthaug ungdomsskole are located directly to the south, the former being an elementary school and the latter a lower secondary school. Ulsmåg skole, an elementary school, is located to the east of Nesttun. The closest upper secondary schools are Fana gymnas, the Rudolf Steiner school of Bergen, and Slåtthaug videregående skole, as well as Bjørkåsen videregående skole, a special school for deaf students.

title: Nesttun


text:
Tom Prichard

Thomas Prichard (born August 18, 1959) is an American retired professional wrestler and author better known by the ring name Dr. Tom Prichard. He is the older brother of Bruce Prichard.

Early career (1979–1986)
Tom Prichard began his career in Los Angeles, around 1979, working for Gene and Mike LeBell's Los Angeles Olympic Auditorium wrestling promotion, where he held several championships in that organization, including the Americas tag team title with Chris Adams. After LeBell closed the L.A. promotion down in 1982, Prichard competed in various NWA territories for the next four years (including a stint as color commentator in Georgia Championship Wrestling (replacing the departed Roddy Piper) in 1982-83) before settling in the southeast, where he had the greatest success of his career.

Continental Championship Wrestling / Continental Wrestling Federation (1986–1989)
Prichard joined Continental Championship Wrestling in 1986, and by 1988, he feuded with "The Dirty White Boy" Tony Anthony. Their feud included a very controversial angle, which aired on April 23, 1988, where Anthony's valet came out with a black eye and begged Prichard to help her, only for Anthony to attack him from behind, cuff his hands behind his back and hang him. On October 3, 1988, in Birmingham, Alabama, he defeated Anthony in the finals of a tournament to win the vacant CWF Heavyweight Championship. Prichard lost the title to Wendell Cooley on April 7, 1989, in Knoxville, Tennessee, but regained the belt on June 23 of that year. He lost the title to Dennis Condrey a month later on July 22 in Dothan, Alabama, before once again regaining it after defeating Condrey on December 6 of that same year. Prichard held the title until the CWF closed later that month.

United States Wrestling Association (1990–1992)
In 1990, Prichard then moved on to the United States Wrestling Association, first working out of the Texas branch, where he formed a heel stable that included Eric Embry and Steve Austin, managed by Tojo Yamamoto. They feuded with the other top babyfaces, including Jeff Jarrett, Bill Dundee, Robert Fuller, and others. While based out of Texas, Prichard won both the USWA Southern Heavyweight championship and the USWA Texas Heavyweight championship before the USWA closed the Texas end of their territory in November 1990. Afterwards, Prichard competed in the Memphis end of the USWA before the opening of Smoky Mountain Wrestling in 1992.

Smoky Mountain Wrestling and World Wrestling Federation (1992–1995)
Stan Lane and Prichard formed a team as "The Heavenly Bodies" and joined Smoky Mountain Wrestling upon its formation in 1992, and on April 23, 1992, in Harrogate, Tennessee, they defeated The Fantastics to become the first SMW Tag Team Champions. They continued to feud with The Fantastics throughout mid-1992, and were finally defeated for the titles on August 8, 1992, in a barbed wire cage match in Johnson City, Tennessee. The Heavenly Bodies regained the titles two days later, holding them for three months before losing to the Rock 'N Roll Express on November 13, 1992, in a hospital elimination match in Harlan, Kentucky. They traded the titles with the Rock 'N Roll Express three times in a variety of hardcore matches over the following year before Lane left the promotion and retired from the ring.

Prichard reformed the Heavenly Bodies with Jimmy Del Ray, and the two competed in both SMW and the World Wrestling Federation, wrestling the WWF World tag team champions the Steiner Brothers at SummerSlam 1993. On November 24, 1993, in Boston on the World Wrestling Federation's pay-per-view Survivor Series 1993, Prichard and Del Ray defeated the Rock 'N Roll Express. The Rock 'N Roll Express regained the titles on February 18, 1994, in Port Huron, Michigan, but lost the titles to the Heavenly Bodies on the following day in Taylor, Michigan. At WrestleMania X the Heavenly Bodies defeated the Bushwhackers in a dark match.

The Rock 'N Roll Express defeated the Heavenly Bodies on April 1, 1994, in Pikeville, Kentucky in a "Loser Leaves SMW match", where they then competed in the World Wrestling Federation for about a year, before being released in the summer of 1995. Prichard fought in a couple of single matches against Bret Hart and Shawn Michaels. They returned to SMW and regained the SMW Tag Team Championship, marking Prichard's eighth title reign, on August 4, 1995, in Knoxville, Tennessee, defeating Tracy Smothers and Dirty White Boy at the Super Bowl of Wrestling. During the feud, The Thugs injured Prichard's leg, and he began wearing a loaded boot, which he used as a weapon to gain victories for him and Del Ray. They held the titles until the promotion folded on November 26, 1995. Also that summer they worked for United States Wrestling Association. They won the USWA Tag Team titles from PG-13 on August 7, 1995. After SMW folded, the Heavenly Bodies briefly wrestled for Extreme Championship Wrestling, until Prichard returned to the WWF.

Return to the WWF (1995–2004)
Prichard competed under his own name with his Heavenly Bodies attire at the Survivor Series 1995, wrestling on future tag team partner Skip's team "The Bodydonnas." Prichard was the first man eliminated as the Bodydonnas defeated Barry Horowitz's "Underdogs" team. A month later, Prichard was officially introduced as Zip, Skip's on-screen cousin and tag team partner, interfering in a match allowing Skip to defeat Rad Radford, who had been trying to become a Bodydonna himself. Before this appearance he had changed his long curly brown hair into a dyed blond crew cut, to more resemble his storyline cousin.

On the WrestleMania XII pre-show, on March 31, 1996, the team defeated The Godwinns in the finals of an eight team tournament to win the vacant WWF Tag Team Championship. They held the titles until May 19, 1996, when they were defeated by the Godwinns in Madison Square Garden in New York City. After Skip left the WWF in fall of 1996, Prichard became a masked jobber named Dr.X. Dr. X fought mainly on house shows but made a few TV appearances on Superstars. Dr. X lost to Brakkus at In Your House 12: It's Time. By 1997, he became a trainer for the company, responsible for training such future stars as The Rock, Kurt Angle, and Mark Henry, among others. On November 16, 1998, Prichard became the masked Blue Blazer teaming with Jeff Jarrett losing to Steve Blackman and Goldust on Raw Is War. The next week he lost to Blackman and December 21 both on Raw Is War. The Blue Blazer gimmick was related to Owen Hart storylines and Hart's feud with Blackman. On September 27, 1999, Prichard teamed up with Jeff Jarrett to face against Chyna and Debra on Raw Is War. Prichard hit Chyna with a guitar and Jarrett was knocked out cold as Chyna went for the victory. He also occasionally commentated for shows such as WWF Metal. In addition, Prichard made a few appearances as a singles wrestler for ECW, and also co-hosted Byte This!, the WWF's internet talk show. Prichard was released from WWE in 2004.

Independent circuit (2004–2007)
He went on to wrestle in the United Wrestling Association and in various other independent promotions in the Southeastern United States. He also holds training seminars in conjunction with certain promotions. During this time Prichard also befriended online professional wrestling journalist James Guttman of World Wrestling Insanity and provided a weekly commentary on the world of pro wrestling entitled Tuesdays with Tom. On August 10, 2006, eight days prior to his 47th birthday, he became the oldest man to win the United Wrestling Association Heavyweight Championship, defeating Dillinger for the title.

Second return to WWE (2007–2012)
In January 2007, he was rehired by WWE and replaced Bill DeMott as the head trainer for Deep South Wrestling (DSW). When DSW closed, he was moved to WWE's new developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling. On May 30, 2012, Prichard was released from the WWE, being replaced by Bill DeMott as the head trainer.

Independent circuit (2017)
In 2017, Prichard had a match in Runcorn Wrestling Academy (RWA) in which he teamed in an 8-man tag team match with the owner of the RWA and his former OVW trainee, Andreas Rossi (Andy Baker), Chris Von Sharpe and Connor “The Bullet” Stafford to take on the team of “Fantastic” Matt Fox, Demoni, Johnathan Alexander and Mr. Williams. At the end of this match both Prichard and Rossi announced that this was their last match.

Wrestlers trained

 * Kurt Angle
 * Val Venis
 * Randy Orton
 * The Rock
 * J.R. Miller
 * Shane McMahon
 * Giant Silva
 * Jamey Best
 * The Bella Twins
 * Steve Bradley
 * Dolph Ziggler
 * Brakkus
 * Cheeseburger

Championships and accomplishments

 * All-Star Wrestling
 * ASW Southern Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * American Wrestling Council
 * AWC Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Five Star Wrestling
 * FSW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Smack Johnson
 * George Tragos/Lou Thesz Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
 * Verne Gagne Trainers Award (2024)
 * Global Championship Wrestling
 * Texas Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * NWA Hollywood Wrestling
 * NWA Americas Tag Team Championship (5 times) – with Apollo Jalisco (2), Alberto Madril (2), and Chris Adams (1)
 * NWA Rocky Top
 * NWA Rocky Top Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * NWA Wrestle Birmingham
 * NWA Alabama Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Pacific Northwest Wrestling
 * NWA Pacific Northwest Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Brett Sawyer
 * Pennsylvania Championship Wrestling 14 times
 * PCW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Jimmy Del Ray
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * PWI ranked him # 318 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI Years in 2003
 * PWI ranked him # 73 of the 100 best tag teams of the PWI Years, with Jimmy Del Ray and Stan Lane in 2003.
 * Ring Around The Northwest Newsletter
 * Tag Team of the Year (1984) with Brett Sawyer
 * Southeastern Championship Wrestling / Continental Championship Wrestling / Continental Wrestling Federation
 * CWF Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
 * NWA Alabama Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 * NWA Southeast United States Junior Heavyweight Championship (5 times)
 * Smoky Mountain Wrestling
 * SMW Tag Team Championship (8 times) – with Stan Lane (5) and Jimmy Del Ray (3)
 * United States Wrestling Association
 * USWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (6 times)
 * USWA Texas Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 * USWA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Jimmy Del Ray
 * United Wrestling Association
 * UWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * UWA Texas Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * World Wrestling Federation
 * WWF Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Skip
 * WWF Tag Team Championship Tournament (1996) - with Skip

title: Tom Prichard


text:
Talk:Measurement

Proposed merge from Baculometry
Baculometry appears to merely be one archaic form of measurement, which would be best merged here. BD2412 T 03:36, 9 September 2022 (UTC)
 * As it is so archaic, and we have so little of a description of the method, I suggest that a merge to the author of the seminal text would be a better idea; so, merge to Daniel Schwenter. Klbrain (talk) 21:45, 23 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Most of the text of Baculometry is already present at Daniel Schwenter. This is almost a redirect situation. Joyous! | Talk 03:15, 15 December 2022 (UTC)

Mathematics
Measurement conversion table 96.43.180.121 (talk) 20:50, 19 February 2023 (UTC)

Quantum measurement
I know that quantum measurement is contentious so I want to say a bit more about my edits of this section.

I removed sentence: Before a measurement is made, a quantum system is simultaneously described by all values in a range of possible values,

This is not correct as can be seen by reading the rest of the paragraph. Measuring a quantum state puts the system in a new state corresponding to the value measured. So obviously then it is obviously not in a state with "all values".

I replaced it with some content derived from and referenced to A. Messiah's book, that addresses the same concept in a more correct way.

I also moved the last sentence up and connected it to the one on "collapse". Penrose, cited in the article talks about both sentences so now the missing citation tag is not needed. Johnjbarton (talk) 15:31, 17 June 2023 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: 4A Wikipedia Assignment
— Assignment last updated by Ahlluhn (talk) 00:57, 31 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Measurement


text:
IL Gneist

IL Gneist is a sports club from Ytrebygda, Bergen, Norway founded on December 16, 1945. It has several branches, including association football, handball, athletics, gymnastics, orienteering, climbing and volleyball.

The main seat is in Liland, not far from Flesland International Airport.

The men's football team plays in the Norwegian Fourth Division, the women's team in the Third Division.

The men's handball team plays in the Norwegian Third Division, the women's team in the First Division.

title: IL Gneist


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/AXL's TFC

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 01:30, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

AXL's TFC
Advertising/Vanity, I wish they directed their efforts on improving the TF articles on Wikipedia instead. Delete --Slux 17:31, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

This is explaining two long running servers and their history (in progress). Not only is it explaining the uniqueness of the servers and how it is democratic, but the way the users have gathered together to form a group of people that interact outside of an online game through the use of the forums mentioned. If you think showing the IPs is that we are trying to "advertise" then we will take them off. What we are trying to show is a history of the group not try push ourselves on the masses. Also, you say "I wish they directed their efforts on improving the TF articles". Users that are editting this have and will continue working on those. You may want to check the history of both and compare users before making statements like that, which are false. Keep --Cassius 17:47, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

It might be necessary to remove the IP addresses and IRC channels. However, this article is not meant to be an advertising tool, or one of vanity. Axl's TFC is a developed community with a unique history, and this article is intended to articulate that history and how it has affected the game on which it is based. Keep Nufy8 18:03, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I think this is a great arcticle which purpose does not fit advertising nor vanity. It merely shows what Axl's TFC is about, its history, its uniqueness. I wouldn't mind missing the IP addresses, but a link to the official website seems in place. I say we keep this topic, for the critisism is not accurate. Keep Shino 19:38, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment, this is Shino's first and, so far, only edit.
 * You do know that people can help wikipedia without actually having a username. May not be this his/her first edit, may just know that have to actually have an account to vote to keep this article. --Cassius

 * Comment: . Mrwojo 19:06, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, at least someone over on those forums has good enough sense to discourage sockpuppets, although I see we've already got two. android↔talk 19:30, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * According to Wikipedia's sockpuppet policy, a sockpuppet is defined as "an additional username used by a Wikipedian who edits under more than one name." Everyone who has voted is each a separate person, and therefore no aliases or sockpuppets have been used. — unsigned comment by Nufy8
 * We also use the term sockpuppet here on VfD to refer to those low-edit or new users that show up solely to defend one article. android↔talk 19:54, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * #1 So you are making policies yourself now? Shouldn't you go by the policy of the site that you are on, not things you make up? #2 - You are basing this off the posts they have made using a username, I have made changes without a username up until this point, but I decided to start using a username, which do not show other contributions I have made.  --Cassius
 * I'm not making anything up, just describing standard practice around here. android↔talk 20:09, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * So I can break policy, as long as it's standard practice? --Cassius
 * What are you talking about? Who's "breaking policy?" android↔talk 20:15, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * According to Wikipedia's sockpuppet policy, a sockpuppet is defined as "an additional username used by a Wikipedian who edits under more than one name." Everyone who has voted is each a separate person, and therefore no aliases or sockpuppets have been used. - That's the policy, changing the definition to the "standard practice" versus what the policy says is breaking policy. --Cassius
 * As I've already mentioned, we use a slightly different definition of sockpuppet on VfD than does Wikipedia at large. I fail to see how this is "breaking policy," but your point is a minor quibble, at best. The meaning of my initial point doesn't change whether I say "sockpuppets" or "low-edit or new users." android↔talk 20:28, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * And you have no way of knowing how many posts a user has actually made. A username maybe, but not a user. --Cassius
 * Delete. Not notable, and as evidenced by Mrwojo's link, vanity. android↔talk 19:30, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * I fail to see how this forum thread that notifies the community of the article constitutes evidence of vanity. — unsigned comment by Nufy8
 * A member of said community created the article. That's pretty much the definition of vanity. android↔talk 19:54, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * The whole purpose of the forum thread was to get community members to help in the process of editing the article so that it would be as professional and noteworthy as possible.
 * You may want to read the definition of Vanity again. Wikipedia Policy Quote: "Furthermore, it should be noted that an article is not a "vanity" page simply because it was written by its subject." --Cassius
 * I'm using the definition of vanity from WP:GVFD. android↔talk 20:14, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, didn't see a definition there, but there was the definition of what I put here: Vanity_page. --Cassius
 * Search the page for the word vanity; fourth instance. android↔talk 20:28, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Great, you keep your definition, I'll keep the one on the Vanity Page. --Cassius
 * Delete Not notable, vanity Dsmdgold 19:35, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak delete, gamecruft, not yet persuaded that this game community forum is more notable than dozens or hundreds of others. The Radio KoL stuff referenced in a few of today's other VfD's shows more evidence of pioneering extra-game interaction related to a game than anything I see in the article or the forum.  Labelling a gamers' forum "democratic" is hardly groundbreaking.  Wikipedia is not a gamers' guide nor a web directory.  Barno 20:04, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vaNNity. Radiant_* 21:11, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. By my personal definition, any article which requires the creation of multiple sock puppet accounts to vote "keep" fails to establish its own notability.  RickK 21:34, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I don't see myself as a sock puppet. I just never had to sign up for anything on Wikipedia. My first comment has to start somewhere! I think there is nothing wrong with this article. I don't see why people are making a big fuss out of this. Shino 10:47, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as gamecruft. Shino, welcome to Wikipedia. I hope you post many encyclopedic articles while you are here. This is not one. You'll learn to tell the difference pretty quickly if you stick around on VfD! --Halidecyphon 21:57, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. —Markaci 2005-04-7 T 23:48 Z
 * Delete. Non notable vanity. Votes by users with small edit history don't count. Dave the Red (talk) 01:57, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Would be better as an off-site homepage. Votes by users other than me don't count. Asriel86 06:10, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Article doesn't establish noticeability Lectonar 07:48, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable. Dave, VfD's not about a vote "count," it's about the discussion and attempt to reach a consensus.  Sock puppets aside, I think the validity of the arguments that a user brings to the debate are more important than the size of his edit history. —Miles (Talk) 21:59, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * delete absent clear evidence of influence in the gaming community Mozzerati 19:35, 2005 Apr 10 (UTC)
 * Delete: not notable, but probably well-intentioned. Wikilawyering by previously unseen editors doesn't help this article's cause, either. --TenOfAllTrades | Talk 23:21, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Article does not establish notability. --NormanEinstein 01:50, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Orpington (UK Parliament constituency)

Orpington is a constituency created in 1945 and represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2019 by Gareth Bacon, a Conservative. It is the largest constituency in Greater London by area, covering the east and south of the London Borough of Bromley.

History
Orpington was created in a major boundary review enacted at the 1945 general election, which followed an absence of reviews since 1918. The seats of Dartford and Chislehurst had both seen their electorate grow enormously into newly built houses since the 1918 review and were treated as one and reformed into four seats, creating the additional seats of Bexley and this one in 1945. The seat has been won by a Conservative since creation except for the 1962, 1964 and 1966 Liberal Party wins of Eric Lubbock.
 * Political history

The 2015 result made the seat the 43rd safest of the Conservative Party's 331 seats by percentage of majority.

The seat is famous for its 1962 by-election when it was taken in a shock result and substantial victory by the Liberal Party candidate Eric Lubbock. He lost the seat in the 1970 general election.
 * Role in the Liberal Party revival

The constituency shared boundaries with the Orpington electoral division for election of councillors to the Greater London Council at elections in 1973, 1977 and 1981.

Historic
1945–1950: The urban district of Orpington, and part of the municipal boroughs of Beckenham and Bromley.

1950–1955: The urban district of Orpington, and the rural district of Dartford except the parishes of Darenth, Stone, Sutton at Hone, and Wilmington.

1955–1974: The urban district of Orpington.

1974–1983: The London Borough of Bromley wards of Biggin Hill, Chelsfield, Darwin, Farnborough, Goddington, Petts Wood, and St Mary Cray.

1983–1997: In the same borough: Chelsfield and Goddington, Crofton, Farnborough, Orpington Central, Petts Wood and Knoll, and St Mary Cray.

1997–2010: In the same borough: Biggin Hill, Chelsfield and Goddington, Crofton, Darwin, Farnborough, Orpington Central, Petts Wood and Knoll, St Mary Cray, and St Paul's Cray.

2010–2024: In the same borough: Biggin Hill, Chelsfield and Pratts Bottom, Cray Valley East, Darwin, Farnborough and Crofton, Orpington, and Petts Wood and Knoll.

The seat has changed a little in subsequent boundary reviews since 1945. For the 1997 general election the Ravensbourne seat which had emerged in the west by Bromley was divided between three constituencies which before then overshot the London Borough of Bromley, adding to Orpington the community of Biggin Hill.
 * Boundary changes

Current
Further to the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, which came into effect for the 2024 general election, the constituency was defined as comprising the following wards of the London Borough of Bromley as they existed on 1 December 2020:

 * Chelsfield and Pratts Bottom; Cray Valley East; Cray Valley West; Darwin (part1); Farnborough and Crofton; Orpington; Petts Wood and Knoll.

1.Area marked “4” on the map of the Orpington constituency produced by the Boundary Commission for England

The boundary with Bromley and Chislehurst (to be renamed Bromley and Biggin Hill) was realigned with Cray Valley West ward being transferred in (thus uniting the two Cray Valley wards), offset by the loss of Biggin Hill.

Following a local government boundary review which came into effect in May 2022, the constituency now comprises the following wards of the London Borough of Bromley from the 2024 general election:

 * Chelsfield; Darwin (except polling district DAR1); Farnborough and Crofton; Orpington; Petts Wood and Knoll; St Mary Cray; St Paul's Cray.

Constituency profile
The constituency is in the quite uniformly larger-housing dominated London Borough of Bromley, which has low unemployment and forms the southeastern limits of Greater London. It contains the largely buffered settlements of St Mary Cray, parts of St Pauls Cray, Swanley and Ruxley, then ascends through Orpington, Farnborough, and Chelsfield to the uppermost tracts of the North Downs and to the Biggin Hill settlement, which has an airport and retains some of the hill-farming and woodland which dominated the area through the Industrial Revolution until the inter-war period.

The wealth of the Conservative vote comes from Biggin Hill, Biggin Hill Valley, Downe and Orpington. The area mainly comprises detached and semi-detached houses surrounded by winding roads and vast areas of parkland, which since the seat's creation have continually returned Conservative candidates, with the exception of 1962, when a Liberal MP was elected.

Elections in the 2010s
By numerical vote share, the 2017 general election saw Orpington become the safest Conservative seat in London.

title: Orpington (UK Parliament constituency)


text:
IL Bjarg

Idrettslaget Bjarg is a sports club in Stavollen, Bergen not far from Bergen Flesland Airport. It supports football, handball, athletics, and gymnastics. The football team plays in the 3. divisjon, the fourth tier in the Norwegian football league system.

Men's team

 * {|class="wikitable"

! Season ! ! Pos. ! Pl. ! W ! D ! L ! GS ! GA ! P !Cup !Notes Source:
 * -bgcolor="#efefef"
 * 2004
 * 5. divisjon, Hordaland section 1
 * align=right bgcolor="#DDFFDD"| 2
 * align=right|22||align=right|15||align=right|2||align=right|5
 * align=right|80||align=right|46||align=right|47
 * Promoted
 * 2005
 * 4. divisjon, Hordaland section 1
 * align=right|8
 * align=right|22||align=right|7||align=right|4||align=right|11
 * align=right|44||align=right|47||align=right|25
 * 2006
 * 4. divisjon, Hordaland section 2
 * align=right|5
 * align=right|22||align=right|10||align=right|4||align=right|8
 * align=right|55||align=right|49||align=right|34
 * 2007
 * 4. divisjon, Hordaland section 1
 * align=right|3
 * align=right|24||align=right|12||align=right|5||align=right|7
 * align=right|56||align=right|36||align=right|41
 * 2008
 * 4. divisjon, Hordaland section 2
 * align=right bgcolor="#DDFFDD"| 2
 * align=right|22||align=right|15||align=right|4||align=right|3
 * align=right|51||align=right|32||align=right|49
 * Promoted
 * 2009
 * 3. divisjon, Hordaland section 2
 * align=right|7
 * align=right|22||align=right|7||align=right|7||align=right|8
 * align=right|33||align=right|38||align=right|28
 * 2010
 * 3. divisjon, Hordaland section 1
 * align=right|5
 * align=right|22||align=right|10||align=right|3||align=right|9
 * align=right|37||align=right|32||align=right|33
 * 1st qual. round
 * 2011
 * 3. divisjon, section 8
 * align=right|2
 * align=right|26||align=right|14||align=right|3||align=right|9
 * align=right|59||align=right|40||align=right|45
 * 2nd round
 * 2012
 * 3. divisjon, section 7
 * align=right|8
 * align=right|26||align=right|11||align=right|4||align=right|11
 * align=right|44||align=right|47||align=right|37
 * 1st round
 * 2013
 * 3. divisjon, section 8
 * align=right|3
 * align=right|24||align=right|13||align=right|0||align=right|11
 * align=right|53||align=right|43||align=right|39
 * 2nd qual. round
 * 2014
 * 3. divisjon, section 7
 * align=right|4
 * align=right|26||align=right|11||align=right|9||align=right|6
 * align=right|58||align=right|45||align=right|42
 * 1st round
 * 2015
 * 3. divisjon, section 7
 * align=right|9
 * align=right|26||align=right|8||align=right|4||align=right|14
 * align=right|47||align=right|58||align=right|28
 * 1st qual. round
 * 2016
 * 3. divisjon, section 7
 * align=right bgcolor="#FFCCCC"| 5
 * align=right|24||align=right|12||align=right|4||align=right|8
 * align=right|56||align=right|50||align=right|40
 * 2nd qual. round
 * Relegated
 * 2017
 * 4. divisjon, Hordaland section 1
 * align=right|4
 * align=right|22||align=right|9||align=right|6||align=right|7
 * align=right|47||align=right|41||align=right|33
 * 1st round
 * 2018
 * 4. divisjon, Hordaland section 2
 * align=right|7
 * align=right|22||align=right|9||align=right|3||align=right|10
 * align=right|46||align=right|37||align=right|30
 * 1st qual. round
 * 2019
 * 4. divisjon, Hordaland section 1
 * align=right bgcolor="#DDFFDD"| 1
 * align=right|22||align=right|14||align=right|6||align=right|2
 * align=right|60||align=right|37||align=right|48
 * 1st qual. round
 * Promoted
 * 2020
 * colspan="11"|Season cancelled
 * 2021
 * 3. divisjon, section 4
 * align=right|5
 * align=right|13||align=right|7||align=right|1||align=right|5
 * align=right|25||align=right|29||align=right|22
 * 1st round
 * 2022
 * 3. divisjon, section 3
 * align=right|6
 * align=right|26||align=right|12||align=right|5||align=right|9
 * align=right|47||align=right|44||align=right|41
 * 2nd round
 * }
 * align=right|47||align=right|41||align=right|33
 * 1st round
 * 2018
 * 4. divisjon, Hordaland section 2
 * align=right|7
 * align=right|22||align=right|9||align=right|3||align=right|10
 * align=right|46||align=right|37||align=right|30
 * 1st qual. round
 * 2019
 * 4. divisjon, Hordaland section 1
 * align=right bgcolor="#DDFFDD"| 1
 * align=right|22||align=right|14||align=right|6||align=right|2
 * align=right|60||align=right|37||align=right|48
 * 1st qual. round
 * Promoted
 * 2020
 * colspan="11"|Season cancelled
 * 2021
 * 3. divisjon, section 4
 * align=right|5
 * align=right|13||align=right|7||align=right|1||align=right|5
 * align=right|25||align=right|29||align=right|22
 * 1st round
 * 2022
 * 3. divisjon, section 3
 * align=right|6
 * align=right|26||align=right|12||align=right|5||align=right|9
 * align=right|47||align=right|44||align=right|41
 * 2nd round
 * }
 * 2022
 * 3. divisjon, section 3
 * align=right|6
 * align=right|26||align=right|12||align=right|5||align=right|9
 * align=right|47||align=right|44||align=right|41
 * 2nd round
 * }
 * }
 * }

title: IL Bjarg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Prima Vera Angelhair

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge. Radio KoL was merged with Kingdom of Loathing and this into that. Jinian 12:53, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Prima Vera Angelhair
Webcast-only radio DJ, for a station with an alexa rank of 1,023,586--station probably isn't even notable (40 displayed hits for "Radio KoL" shoutcast), let alone articles on each DJ. Only 11 displayed hits for "Prima Vera Angelhair". Niteowlneils 17:33, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge to Radio KoL. I could explain in many ways, why the station is notable, I'd just say it's THE ONLY radiostation based around a MMORPG, not even Everquest has something similar. It works 24 hours a day, all djs are people who play the game and they waste up to 4 hours a day on the radio. A truly notable radiostation. I agree that all djs should be merged into one article, I dunno who got the "bright" idea to start a separate article on them. Grue 17:38, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I think the whole lot started during a show by Prima Vera Angelhair, at which someone in chat pointed out the KoL Wikipedia page. Then, that lead to the Radio KoL Page. Then a Prima Vera Angelhair article appeared. Freshly created. I think it was created because of talking about Wikipedia. Things Snowballed.... Reading this, I think it may be a good idea to Merge all the DJ information onto the Radio KoL page. DaCyclops 23:51, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Even the station is questionable as to it's having an article. If internet radio presenters are notable, i'll start on my article. Hedley 16:55, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I'm a real (i.e. off-Web) DJ, and I don't have an article. Chris 00:51, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * But you didn't interview Gene Ray, did you? Grue 05:16, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * True, I didn't. Will Jane Davidson do instead? 131.251.0.8 15:32, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) (This is me forgetting to sign in first. Chris 15:36, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC))
 * Keep I don't see why you want to delete this. Phoenix Hacker

 * Delete or merge; this doesn't need its own article. --TenOfAllTrades | Talk 23:16, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to pasta. Mmmmmmm... pasta! -- 8^D gab 18:48, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.