text: Category:History of Nottinghamshire

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:History of Nottinghamshire


text:
Live a Little, Love a Little

Live a Little, Love a Little is a 1968 American musical comedy film starring Elvis Presley. It was directed by Norman Taurog, who had directed several previous Presley films. This was to be Taurog's final film, as he went blind shortly after production ended. Presley shares the screen with fellow legendary singing idol Rudy Vallee, whose career dated to the 1920s, but Vallee, in his late 60s, did not sing in the film.

The film introduced the song "A Little Less Conversation", an alternate take of which would form the basis of a remix that returned Presley to international music sales charts in 2002.

Plot
Greg Nolan (Presley) is a newspaper photographer who lives a carefree life until he encounters an eccentric, lovelorn woman named Bernice on the beach. Bernice assumes different names and personalities whenever the mood hits her. She introduces herself to Greg as "Alice" but she is known to the grocery delivery boy as "Susie" and to the milkman as "Betty."

After having her Great Dane dog Albert chase Greg into the water when he insults her after a kiss, Bernice invites him to stay at her beachfront home. Bernice later causes Greg to get fired from his job and get evicted from his apartment after drugging him, which leaves him in a deep sleep for days.

However, Bernice manages to find Greg another home. Greg wants to repay her, so he procures two full-time photographer jobs: one for a Playboy-like magazine owned by Mike Lansdown, and the other for a very conservative advertising firm co-owned by Mr. Penlow. The two jobs are in the same building, forcing Greg to run from one to the other without being detected. Greg also deals with Bernice and her eccentric ways, and finally realizes he has fallen in love with her.

Background
Based on the 1965 novel Kiss My Firm, But Pliant, Lips by Dan Greenburg, and with a screenplay co-written by Greenburg, Live a Little, Love a Little was a departure from the standard Presley films of the period. It had a more mature tone than other Presley musicals, with strong language, drug references and an implied sexual encounter.

Presley was paid $850,000 plus 50% of the profits. Elvis also did all of his own stunts in the film, including dating driving in the opening scene which has been compared to Steve McQueen and a fight scene he also choreographed and showed his karate skills.

Unlike many previous films that involved "location scenes" shot against a backdrop, Presley appeared in more real location scenes than usual. Scenes were filmed in and around Hollywood, along the Malibu coast, at Marineland and at the Los Angeles Music Center.

The film co-starred Michele Carey, Don Porter, Rudy Vallee and Dick Sargent, and featured Presley's father Vernon in an uncredited cameo. Several of Presley's Memphis Mafia friends, such as Red West and Joe Esposito, also appeared.

Released on October 23, 1968, the film failed to impress most critics. With a very poor performance on its American release, the film was not released in many regions, including in the U.K.

Soundtrack
Live a Little, Love a Little, the second of Presley's five final movies during the 1960s, included just a handful of musical numbers. The recording session for the four songs written for the film took place at Western Recorders in Hollywood on March 7, 1968. The producer in nominal charge of the session, Billy Strange (also known for his work as a session guitarist and songwriter), was attuned to current trends in popular music and brought in a group of musicians outside of Presley's usual stable, offering written arrangements that strayed from Presley's usual sound. "Almost in Love" was co-written by Brazilian Bossa Nova great Luiz Bonfá, and has the undeniable groove of the Samba and Jazz blended style sweeping the World at that time. "Edge of Reality" was a piece of pseudo-acid rock and "A Little Less Conversation", written by Strange and his new discovery Mac Davis, bordered on funk.

"A Little Less Conversation" was released as a single with "Almost in Love" on the reverse side on September 3, 1968, RCA catalog nr. 47–9610. It peaked at No. 69, while its B-side scraped into the Billboard Hot 100 at No. 95 independently. Over three decades later, a remix of "A Little Less Conversation" became a global No. 1 hit record. The version sourced for the remix was initially believed to be a later re-recording made for the soundtrack of Presley's 1968 NBC comeback special, and not the movie version; however, when the Live a Little, Love a Little soundtrack tapes were rediscovered in the vaults. "Edge of Reality" appeared on November 5, 1968, as the B-side of RCA single 47-9670 "If I Can Dream," the song Presley used to close out his 1968 Christmas Special. "Wonderful World," which played over the opening credits to the film, appeared on the compilation Elvis Sings Flaming Star. All three tracks released on singles also appear on Command Performances: The Essential 60's Masters II.

Track listing

 * 1) "Wonderful World" (Doug Flett, Guy Fletcher)
 * 2) "Edge of Reality" (Bernie Baum, Bill Giant, Florence Kaye)
 * 3) "A Little Less Conversation" (Billy Strange, Mac Davis)
 * 4) "Almost in Love" (Luiz Bonfá, Randy Starr)

Personnel
Credits compiled from RCA and AFM union paperwork as organized and published by sessionographer Keith Flynn.

 * Elvis Presley – vocals
 * B. J. Baker, Sally Stevens, Bob Tebow, John Bahler – backing vocals
 * Joseph 'Bobby' Gibbons – electric guitar
 * Neil Levang – electric guitar
 * Al Casey – electric guitar
 * Charles Britz – electric guitar
 * Don Randi – piano
 * Larry Knechtel – electric bass
 * Charles Berghofer – double bass
 * Hal Blaine – drums
 * Gary Coleman – percussion
 * Lew McCreary, Thomas Shepard, Richard Leith, Dick Hyde - trombones
 * Roy Caton, Oliver Mitchell - trumpets
 * James Horn - saxophone
 * Lou Raderman, Sidney Sharp, Leonard Malarsky, Ralph Schaeffer, William Kurasch, Tibor Zelig, Jerome Reisler, James Getzoff, Harry Bluestone, Arnold Belnick, Bernard Kundell, Stanley Plummer - violins
 * Harry Hyams, Joe DiFiore, Leonard Selic, Louis Kievman, David Burke, Gareth Nuttycombe - violas
 * Jesse Ehrlich, Armand Kaproff, Joseph DiTullio, Victor Sazer, Frederick Seykora, H.G. Bemko - cellos
 * Billy Strange - producer
 * Chuck Britz - engineer

Quotes
Celeste Yarnall, who played Ellen, recalled the making of the film and her impressions of Presley: "I adored Elvis. When I met him for the first time he immediately put me at ease. We had to film our kissing first and neither of us heard the director say, 'Cut!' For me, it was love at first kiss! We became very good friends. He was warm and kind and full of love. He had this tremendous desire to please people. We watched the funeral of Martin Luther King Jr. together over lunch in his trailer. He cried. He really cared deeply. He was far more handsome in person with deep blue eyes and a Roman profile. He held jam sessions on the set and would play cars with George Barris or play football with the 'boys' who traveled with him everywhere. He was truly 'The King.'"

Reception
Variety called the film one of Presley's "dimmest vehicles," writing that Taurog's direction "tried to give some lilt to the proceedings. Nothing, however, can buck that writing. Songs are dull, physical values are standard, and mediocrity prevails."

Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times called the film "a pleasant Elvis Presley picture that's rather more sophisticated than the durable singing star's 27 prior efforts."

The Monthly Film Bulletin, reviewing the film in 1978, wrote that it "commendably attempts to create a more eccentric, 'sophisticated' setting for Presley than hitherto," but that it "fails to achieve the kind of comic invention vital to a screwball romantic comedy," and that its songs were "unmemorable."

Home media
Live a Little, Love a Little was released by Warner Home Video on August 7, 2007, as a Region 1 widescreen DVD.

title: Live a Little, Love a Little


text:
Capri pants

Capri pants (also known as three quarter legs, or capris, crop pants, man-pris, clam-diggers, flood pants, ankle pants, jams, highwaters, or toreador pants ) are pants that are longer than shorts, but are not as long as trousers. Capri pants can be a generic term for any cropped slim pants, and also used as a specific term to refer to pants that end on the ankle bone.

History
Capri pants were introduced by fashion designer Sonja de Lennart in 1948, and were popularized by her and English couturier Bunny Roger. The name of the pants is derived from the Italian isle of Capri, where they rose to popularity in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The actress Audrey Hepburn was among the first movie stars who wore capris, and the pants quickly became synonymous with her classic style. The French actress Brigitte Bardot famously wore capri pants at a time when trousers were still a new fashion for women. Marilyn Monroe always traveled with capri pants.

Capri pants were popularized in the United States in the 1960s television series The Dick Van Dyke Show. The character Laura Petrie, the young housewife played by Mary Tyler Moore, caused a fashion sensation – and some mild controversy – by wearing close-fitting capri pants throughout the show's run (capris that were later referred to as 1950s hausfrau ).

By the mid 1960s, capri-style tight-fitting cargo pants became popular among teenage boys; a good example was the superstar teen actor of that era, Luke Halpin, who wore them in some episodes of the popular Flipper. After a drop in popularity during the 1970s through the 1990s, capri pants returned to favor in the mid 2000s. Spanish tennis player Rafael Nadal wore capri pants in the majority of his matches before 2009 following a deal with Nike to wear sponsored capris, a deal that Roger Federer had turned down before him. Jodie Whittaker wore Capri Pants when she appeared on Doctor Who. Kate Middleton wore capri pants for outdoorsy events.

In 2017, the superintendent of the Douglas County School District in Georgia USA sent out an email qualifying capri pants as inappropriate garments for the school environment, thus raising the question of what pants length remain acceptable.

title: Capri pants


text:
Talk:Unit ring

conventions
According to our convention, at ring (mathematics), we assume rings have 1.

It would be useful to have some project page where this and a small number of other conventions were noted. This page, however, is slightly awkward given that convention.

Charles Matthews 16:32, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It would be useful to have a conventions page; for at own use at least. Maybe WikiProject_Mathematics/Conventions. The associated talk page would be a good place to hash out arguments regarding said conventions, rather than on misellaneous talk pages scattered throughout the wiki.

 * Regarding this page: Given the definition on ring (mathematics) (which currently contradicts glossary of ring theory thanks to some anonymous edit — I'll fix this) it would seem more appropriate to have a article on nonunital rings (or rngs as the advocates of rigs like to call them). What to do with this page?
 * keep it here and explain that we consider rings to have unit unless otherwise specified
 * merge it with unital (algebra)
 * redirect it to ring (mathematics)
 * Any thoughts? -- Fropuff 23:33, 2005 Apr 22 (UTC)

Leave at present. Let's try to collect up the conventions on the WikiProjectMathematics page first. Then perhaps make some subcategory of Category:Mathematical terminology to address non-uniformity of terminology across the literature. Charles Matthews 10:58, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi, I just noticed somehow late your "I'll fix this" - but why did you "fix" glossary of ring theory w.r.t. ring (mathematics) and not vice-versa? For those from functional analysis, it is natural that a ring (of functions) needs not to have a unit (since all classical test function spaces are rings without unit). Insofar more, as many request an algebra to be a ring (instead of defining it as module with a bilinear map into itself). And the whole of sheaf theory, which is very important in functional analysis, could then not use any more properties from the category of rings to sheaves made of these function spaces. (Very little is written specifically about the category Rng, and 99% of all which is written for rings without specifically mentioning the unit, is valid for Rng's.) — MFH:Talk 04:14, 10 March 2006 (UTC)
 * PS: I even remember referring to the "not necessarily unital" ring on the "glossary" page in several places!

 * Well, according to the conventions page we assume rings to have unit by default. There has been plenty discussion about this, with good arguments on both sides. Discussion can be found at Talk:Ring theory and Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Mathematics/Conventions. We would like to centralize discussion on the conventions page, so feel free to bring up your concerns there. -- Fropuff 04:50, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

Leave at present?
It's been over 10 months. As it stands, I'm going to Be bold and remove the merge from unit (ring theory), where it does not belong at all. — Arthur Rubin | (talk) 21:41, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

 * sorry, I didn't read this, since the merge directs to the other talk page where I also advocate for not merging. — MFH:Talk 03:55, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm also against the merge. Two different topics. -- Fropuff 04:50, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

Redundant article
This article is entirely redundant and should be a redirect either to ring (mathematics) or to unital. A redirect to ring (mathematics)—although entirely appropriate, since rings are defined there to be unital—could potentially confuse readers, so perhaps a merge with unital would be better. The latter should probably be renamed to unital algebra (per standard naming conventions). If no one objects, I'll go ahead and do this. -- Fropuff (talk) 07:02, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Unit ring


text: User talk:64.239.193.131

title: User talk:64.239.193.131


text:
Gog Magog Hills

The Gog Magog Hills are a range of low chalk hills, extending for several miles to the southeast of Cambridge in England. The highest points are either side of the A1307 Babraham Road, and are marked on Ordnance Survey 1:25000 maps as "Telegraph Clump" at 75 m, Little Trees Hill and Wandlebury Hill, both at 74 m. The area as a whole is undefined but is roughly the elevated area lying north west of the 41 m col at Worsted Lodge.

Unlike the nearby hills of the Newmarket Ridge, which have steep sides but flat tops, these hills have large drops between summits and as such have quite a distinctive appearance; Little Trees Hill looks particularly good from Huckeridge Hill near Sawston, and White Hill dominates the view from the National Cycle Route 11 section towards Great Shelford. The hills therefore have relatively high topographic prominence. Other tops include: Limepit Hill 56 m — Mag's Hill — Copley Hill  — Meggs Hill — Fox Hill — Clarke's Hill — White Hill

History
In English folklore and the Matter of Britain, Gogmagog was a giant, and according to Geoffrey of Monmouth's influential 12th-century Historia Regum Britanniae, one of the inhabitants of Albion discovered by Brutus of Troy and his men. He was the last of the giants that they killed, and was thrown from a cliff by Corineus.

The 1990 book Where Troy Once Stood argued that the ancient city of Troy was in fact located in the Gog Magog Downs; however, this is not taken seriously by scholars.

The earliest mention of the name Gog Magog for this region is found in a decree of 1574, forbidding students to visit the Gog Magog Hills on pain of a fine. Random excavations around the hills revealed the remains of defences at Copley Hill and Cherry Hinton, not older than the Iron Age but the sites themselves are now known already to have been occupied in the Bronze Age. The better-preserved hill fort known as the Wandlebury Ring, which is now situated in a public park, had several concentric ditches and earthen walls, which were kept in place by wooden palisades. It was already inhabited in the Bronze Age and archaeological finds include bronze and iron objects and pottery, including "Knobbed Ware", dating from the Bronze Age.

"Telegraph clump" functioned as one of the locations for the semaphore line, an optical telegraph system, between London and Great Yarmouth from around the 1820s to around 1850.

The dowser and archaeologist T. C. Lethbridge claimed to have identified some ancient hill figures buried in the chalk under the surface of the hills. These were purported to represent a sun-god, a moon-goddess and a warrior-god. Lethbridge's claims, however, were controversial and are not widely accepted.

Gog Magog Golf Club has used part of the chalk downs as a golf course since 1901. Much of the area is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest.

Magog Down
In 1989 the Magog Trust, a charity and registered company created for the purpose, bought 163.5 acre of former farmland surrounding Little Trees Hill for £327,100 so that it could be returned to chalk grassland and opened to the public. The reserve was named Magog Down. Some of the money to buy the land came from the sale of "Gogs" to the general public: these were notional areas of land costing £5 each but without title or rights. As well as re-establishing chalkland plants and insects, Magog Down has become well used for recreation and by dog walkers. A 5-mile running race involving two laps of the reserve and a shorter fun-run have helped raise funds for the local primary school for several years. The Cambridge University Hare and Hounds running club have also used Magog Down as the venue for their tri-annual hosting of the RAF Match.

Magog Down is situated across the A1307 road from the Wandlebury country park (which itself has been managed since 1954 by Cambridge Past, Present & Future). Both Magog Down and Wandlebury Country Park are popular places to visit for fresh air and recreation on the edge of Cambridge.

Naming
Locals tend to refer to the open access areas on these hills as simply the Gogs, usually in reference to Magog Down, though some people may also use the term to refer to Wandlebury Country Park. The local paper, Cambridge News, tends to refer to "the Gog Magogs" as a general term, lumping Wandlebury and Magog Down together. To further confuse matters, the adjacent Gog Magog Hills Farm Shop and Cafe re-branded itself in 2016 to be called "The Gog".

The postal address "Gog Magog Hills" is shared by 16 addresses on the Gog Magog Hills Estate which are mostly within the grounds of Wandlebury Country Park.

Busway proposals
In February 2016 the Greater Cambridge City Deal (since renamed the Greater Cambridge Partnership ) published early-stage "concepts" for improved transport links along the A1307, which included the idea of a new, off-road busway apparently straight across the Gog Magog Hills, possibly through or adjacent to the edge of Magog Down. This concept was met with dismay by both Cambridge Past, Present & Future and the Magog Trust. Later that month reassurances were made that any busway would not go through the hills; the formal consultation document in June 2016 still included an off-road busway option, albeit with the line on the map drawn slightly further south from Magog Down. The preferred options following the 2016 consultation were stated to include an in-bound (towards Cambridge) bus lane alongside the A1307, however by October 2017 the proposal for an off-road busway was back on the agenda again.

title: Gog Magog Hills


text:
Category:Terpenes and terpenoids

A terpene is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon based on combinations of the isoprene unit. Terpenoids are compounds related to terpenes, which may include some oxygen functionality or some rearrangement, however the two terms are often used interchangeably.

de:Kategorie:Isoprenoid

title: Category:Terpenes and terpenoids


text:
Talk:Public transport in Frankfurt am Main

Untitled
the maps are way out of date. can somebody update them? here are the new maps:

http://www.rmv.de/coremedia/generator/Bilder/0Abbildungen/PlaeneNetzplaene/PLA__Schnellbahnplan_3Dgr,property=image.gif http://www.traffiq.de/fm/20/traffiQ_Liniennetzplan_2009.pdf —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.230.52.25 (talk) 16:52, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

I've just rewritten and copyedited this article into a higher quality of English. The previous version was apparently by a non-native speaker, but one who did a much better job than I could have managed in German. There is one phrase that stands out as too good to get burried in the history pages, so I've copied it here for posterity
 * "There are no turnstilles or other controlling devices. Riders must control themself."

Thryduulf 16:36, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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text:
User:Jordan Elder

User pages are overrated.

title: User:Jordan Elder


text:
Talk:The Bravery

Advertisement
Removing "On April 23, 2007, The Bravery will perform in a concert that will be streamed live via MSN Music." Seems nothing signficant to it... actually seems to be a subtle advertisment.

Trivia Credit
The song Unconditional was the song used in the debut commercial of the 2007 Saturn SKY as shown here http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34ukcmFzcGo

Fair use rationale for Image:Bravery.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:The Sun and The Moon.jpg
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Main image
User:Dave Burke 03 keeps trying to change the free image to a non-free promotional one. Free images always top fair use - please stop doing this. Exxolon (talk) 23:24, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Bravery.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:Bravery.jpg
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Break-up or Hiatus
I changed where it said 'Post Break-Up Activities' to instead say 'Hiatus'. I did this because as stated here http://thebravery.com/ they are on hiatus, not broken-up.

External links modified
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title: Talk:The Bravery


text: User talk:69.217.126.25

title: User talk:69.217.126.25


text:
Arx

Arx, ARX, or ArX may refer to:

 * ARX (Algorithmic Research Ltd.), a digital security company
 * ARX (gene), Aristaless related homeobox
 * ARX (operating system), an operating system
 * Arx (Roman), a Roman citadel, and in particular:
 * The northern hump of the two forming the Capitoline Hill of ancient Rome
 * Arx, Landes, a commune of the Landes département in France
 * Arx Fatalis, a first person role-playing game developed by Arkane Studios in 2002
 * Arx, a sculpture by Lars Vilks
 * Americas Rallycross Championship, also known as ARX Rallycross
 * Add-Rotate-XOR; see block cipher
 * Josef Adolph von Arx (1922-1988), mycologist from the Netherlands

title: Arx


text:
User talk:207.99.40.142

November 2013
Hello, I'm Wywin. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to History of Easter Island because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, you can use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. -- Wywin (talk | contribs) 19:19, 12 November 2013 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Protease. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. Epicfailure 2 (talk) 15:34, 19 November 2013 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Hello, I'm Some jerk on the Internet. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to Togo because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, you can use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. The reverted edit can be found [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=583533911 here].  --some jerk on the Internet   (talk)  14:43, 27 November 2013 (UTC)

January 2014
Hello, I'm Skr15081997. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to Miep Gies because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Skr15081997 (talk) 14:31, 10 January 2014 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Jesuit Universaties in the United States
Shouldn't Scranton University in Pennsylvania be added to the list of Jesuit Universities in the United States?

http://www.scranton.edu/

207.99.40.142 (talk) 16:30, 6 October 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:207.99.40.142


text:
User talk:Omecik

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Eskisehir, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text borrowed from web sites. For more information, take a look at our policy library. Happy editing!

Zzyzx11 | Talk 16:40, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

License tagging for Image:Aa1-1-.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Aa1-1-.jpg. Wikipedia gets thousands of images uploaded every day, and in order to verify that the images can be legally used on Wikipedia, the source and copyright status must be indicated. Images need to have an image tag applied to the image description page indicating the copyright status of the image. This uniform and easy-to-understand method of indicating the license status allows potential re-users of the images to know what they are allowed to do with the images.

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title: User talk:Omecik


text:
User talk:Zowie

(You can leave messages for me here, or check my archive for older stuff... zowie)

=Note on availability=

I seem not to log in to Wikipedia very much these days, partly because I am too busy with too many other projects! If you need to reach me in a hurry (defined as less than about three months) I would appreciate the favor of an e-mail at [mailto:deforest@boulder.swri.edu my Southwest Research Institute account]. zowie (talk) 21:29, 25 February 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zowie


text:
Lola Falana

Loletha Elayne Falana or Loletha Elaine Falana (born September 11, 1942),  better known by her stage name Lola Falana, is an American singer, dancer, and actress. She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical in 1975 for her performance as Edna Mae Sheridan in Doctor Jazz.

Early life
Lola Falana was born in Camden, New Jersey. She was the third of six children born to Bennett, a welder, and Cleo Falana, a seamstress (1921–2010). Falana's father, an Afro-Cuban, left his homeland of Cuba to serve in the U.S. Marine Corps, later becoming a welder shortly after meeting Falana's mother, who was African-American. By age 3, Falana was dancing, and by age 5, she was singing in the church choir. In 1952, Falana's family, which by this time included two more siblings, moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In the period she was in junior high school, Falana was dancing in nightclubs to which she was escorted by her mother. Pursuing a musical career became so important to her that, against her parents' wishes, she dropped out of Germantown High School a few months before graduation and moved to New York City.

Career
In 1958, Falana's first dancing gig was at age 16 during a Dinah Washington nightclub appearance in Philadelphia in which Washington gave her the opening act slot to perform. Washington, dubbed the Queen of Blues, was influential in fostering Falana's early career. While dancing in a chorus line in Atlantic City, New Jersey, Falana was discovered by Sammy Davis Jr., who gave her a featured role in his 1964 Broadway musical Golden Boy. After the musical, Falana launched her music career later in 1964. "My Baby", her first single, was recorded and released for Mercury Records in 1965. Later in her career, she recorded under Frank Sinatra's record label. In the late 1960s, Falana was mentored by Sammy Davis, Jr.

In 1966, Davis cast Falana, with himself, Ossie Davis, and Cicely Tyson, in her first film role, in A Man Called Adam. Falana became a major star of Italian television in 1966 and cinema in 1967. In Italy, she learned to speak fluent Italian while starring in three movies, the first of which was considered a Spaghetti Western. She sang and danced on the TV show Sabato sera, next to singer Mina. She was known as the "Black Venus". During this time she was busy touring with Davis as a singer and dancer, making films in Italy, and reprising her role in Golden Boy during its revival in London. In 1969, Falana ended her close working relationship with Sammy Davis Jr., but the two remained friends. "If I didn't break away," she told TV Guide, "I would always be known as the little dancer with Sammy Davis Jr...I wanted to be known as something more." In 1970, she made her American film debut in The Liberation of L.B. Jones and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actress for her performance. The same year, she posed for Playboy magazine. She was the first black woman to model for the Fabergé "Tigress" perfume ads. In those early years, she starred in a few movies considered to be of the blaxploitation genre. She appeared at the Val Air Ballroom sponsored by Black Pride, Inc., in 1978.

American TV audiences became familiar with Falana during the early 1970s. She often appeared on The Joey Bishop Show and The Hollywood Palace, displaying her talent for music, dance, and light comedy. These appearances led to more opportunities. She was the first supporting player hired by Bill Cosby for his much-anticipated variety hour The New Bill Cosby Show, which made its debut on September 11, 1972 (her 30th birthday). Cosby had met Falana in his college days when he was a struggling comic and she was a teenager dancing in Philadelphia nightclubs. Throughout the mid-1970s, Falana made guest appearances on many popular TV shows, including The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, The Muppet Show, Laugh-In and The Flip Wilson Show. She also starred in her own television specials. In 1975, Falana's disco record There's A Man Out There Somewhere reached #67 on the Billboard R&B chart. That same year, she returned to Broadway as the lead in the musical Doctor Jazz. Although the production closed after five performances, Falana was nominated for a Tony Award, and she won the 1975 Theater World Award.

With help from Sammy Davis, Jr., she brought her act to Las Vegas, and she became a top draw there. By the late 1970s, Falana was considered the "Queen of Las Vegas". She played to sold-out crowds at The Sands, The Riviera, and the MGM Grand hotels. Finally The Aladdin offered her $100,000 per week to perform. At the time, Falana was the highest paid female performer in Las Vegas. Her show ran 20 weeks during the year, and it became a major tourist attraction. While playing to sold-out crowds in Las Vegas, Falana looked for other TV roles. She was slated to star in a remake of the 1950s Vampira Show. When this project collapsed, she joined the cast of the short-lived CBS soap opera Capitol as Charity Blake, a wealthy entertainment mogul.

Later career and life
In 1995, Falana recorded the song "Don't Cry, Mary" with Catholic artist Joseph Lee Hooker. No longer performing, she now tours the country with a message of hope and spirituality. When not on tour, she lives a quiet life in Las Vegas working on The Lambs of God Ministry, an apostolate she founded. The ministry is focused on helping children who have been orphaned in Sub-Saharan Africa, and it works closely with the group Save Sub-Saharan Orphans. Falana's last known musical performance was in 1997 at Wayne Newton's theater in Branson, Missouri.

Love affair and marriage
Sometime between 1965 and 1968, Lola Falana had an affair with her then-mentor Sammy Davis Jr. that became public knowledge after Davis confessed it to his then-wife May Britt, which led to their divorce in 1968.

In 1970, Falana married Feliciano "Butch" Tavares Jr., one of five brothers of the popular R&B and soul vocal band Tavares; they divorced in 1975.

Health problems
In June 1987, Falana had a severe relapse of multiple sclerosis. Falana's left side was paralyzed, she became partially blind, and her voice and hearing were impaired. Her recovery lasted a year and a half, and she spent most of her time praying. Falana attributes her recovery to a spiritual experience which she described as "Being able to feel the presence of the Lord". Falana converted to Catholicism in 1988. Although she performed again in Las Vegas shows in 1987, Falana's practice of religion and faith became the center of her life. After another bout with multiple sclerosis in 1996, Falana returned to Philadelphia and lived with her parents for a short time.

Cultural references

 * Rapper Foxy Brown rapped "Lola Falana dripped in Gabbana, 90's style, the finest style..." in her song "I'll Be Good", with Jay Z on her debut album Ill Na Na.
 * In D.C. Cab, Tyrone (played by Charlie Barnett) asks the character Denise "When you goin' out with me?" Her incredulous response of "Why should I go out with you?" is met by a defiant "Because I'm black and I'm beautiful." Denise deadpans "Well, so is Lola Falana, but you don't see me goin' out with her."
 * In A Different World, Whitley Gilbert makes numerous references to Lola Falana throughout the series.
 * In Wayans Bros., Marlon and Shawn attempt to pick up an elderly man in their "afrocab" and tell him that they have an old magazine with Lola Falana (you remember her from all those hilarious Bob Hope specials Marlon proclaims) as the centerpiece. They force the man into the cab after he declines and runs off, and Shawn and Marlon realize the magazine is gone. Shawn then says "those white guys sure love them some Lola Falana."
 * The SCTV character Lola Heatherton, played by Catherine O'Hara, was derived from the names of Lola Falana and Joey Heatherton. The character spoofed both women, especially in their later career television variety show appearances in the 1970s.
 * In a January 19, 1991 sketch on Saturday Night Live entitled "The Sinatra Group," Frank Sinatra (Phil Hartman) tells Luther Campbell (Chris Rock), "You got talent! You got a Dionne Warwick/Falana kind of thing going."
 * In Roxanne Shante's song "Have a Nice Day", she declares herself "A pioneer/like Lola Falana".
 * In Barbershop 2: Back in Business, barber Eddie (Cedric the Entertainer) admonishes his boss Calvin (Ice Cube) for making him take down his picture of Lola Falana from the wall of his booth.
 * In Family Matters, Eddie (Darius McCrary) wants new high-tops that cost $70, but Carl (Reginald VelJohnson) "would not pay $70 for shoes if Lola Falana was in them."
 * In Marvel Comics's Tomb of Dracula #58 (published in July 1977), the vampire hunter Blade says "That's why I was watchin' that clock like it was a Penthouse pin-up of Lola Falana!"
 * In the Sanford and Son episode "The Escorts" (season 5, episode 19) Fred (Redd Foxx) is hired by Lola Falana and returns from her home exhausted and disheveled with her dog, a huge Saint Bernard, on a chain.
 * Rapper Esham recorded a song titled "Lowlafalana" in 1997.
 * "Miss Black Person USA," a recurring sketch on In Living Color, takes place at the fictional Lola Falana Recreational Center in Detroit.
 * In an early episode of Family Guy, Peter Griffin flashes back to a time when he confused his girlfriend Leslie Uggams with Lola Falana.
 * In an August 2019 interview with Vulture, actress Niecy Nash named Falana as her earliest inspiration: "I knew I wanted to be an actor when I was 5 years old and I saw the most gorgeous black woman on television. I said to my grandmother 'Who is that?,' and she said 'Baby, that's Lola Falana.' And I said 'That's what I want to be, Grandma. I want to be black and fabulous and on TV.'"
 * In 2022, R&B singer Muni Long referred to Falana with her performance at the BET Awards.

Television work

 * Sabato sera (1967) – Italy
 * The Flip Wilson Show, season 1, episode 8 (1970)
 * Teatro Dieci (1971) – Italy
 * The New Bill Cosby Show (1972–1973)
 * Hai visto mai? (1973) – Italy
 * The Streets of San Francisco, episode "A String of Puppets" (February 7, 1974)
 * Ben Vereen... Comin' at Ya (1975) (canceled after 4 episodes)
 * Lola (1975)
 * The Lola Falana Show, four variety specials on ABC (January – March 1976)
 * The Love Boat, season 2, episodes 1 and 2 (1978)
 * Liberace: Valentine's Day Special (1979)
 * The Muppet Show, season 4, episode 11 (1979)
 * Fantasy Island, "Spending Spree", season 2, episode 19 (1979)
 * Lola, Lola y Lollo (1982)
 * Made in Italy (1982) – Italy
 * Capitol (1984–1986)

title: Lola Falana


text: Category:History of Catholicism in Ireland


text: User talk:217.112.242.227

title: User talk:217.112.242.227


text: User talk:70.176.187.188

title: User talk:70.176.187.188


text:
Homerpalooza

"Homerpalooza" is the twenty-fourth and penultimate episode of the seventh season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 19, 1996. In the episode, Homer is shocked to find classic rock is no longer considered cool. Hoping to earn "street cred", he joins the Hullabalooza music festival as a carnival freak. The episode's title is a play on the Lollapalooza music festival. It was the last Simpsons episode written by Brent Forrester and the last one directed by Wes Archer (both Forrester and Archer left to work on King of the Hill). Peter Frampton and musical groups Sonic Youth, Cypress Hill, and The Smashing Pumpkins guest star as themselves.

Plot
After Otto destroys the school bus, Homer is forced to carpool several students to school. He is shocked to find all the kids hate the classic rock radio station he listens to. Homer realizes that music from his high school days is no longer considered cool after a hipster at a record store derides it.

Hoping to impress them, Homer takes Bart and Lisa to the Hullabalooza music festival. Homer tries to act cool by wearing a Rastafarian hat, but an angry crowd of Generation Xers confronts him after mistaking him for a narc. After being tossed out by the crowd, Homer angrily kicks a cannon, which shoots one of Peter Frampton's inflatable pigs at his stomach. The festival head is impressed by Homer's ability to absorb cannon fire and hires him for the festival's freak show (played by the Jim Rose Circus), called the pageant of the transmundane.

Homer tours with the festival and parties with rap and rock stars Sonic Youth, Cypress Hill and The Smashing Pumpkins while earning respect among young people, including Bart. As the tour approaches a stop in Springfield, Homer's stomach aches and he is sent to a veterinarian. The doctor informs Homer he will die if he takes another cannonball to his gut. Homer decides to perform his act one last time, but he dodges the cannonball at the last second. After a warm sendoff from the touring bands, Homer leaves the festival and loses his kids' respect for no longer being cool, which he embraces.

Production
The entire story of this episode was developed by David Cohen, although it was written by Brent Forrester, who felt that Cohen at least deserved a "story by" credit. To do research for this episode, Forrester went to one of the Lollapalooza concerts, which he thought would be a fun little perk, but ended up being a horrible experience. Several of the jokes in this episode are based on his experiences: cameras were being seized and thrown in the garbage, there were numerous advertisements, several "sour faced teens", a real freak show (Jim Rose Circus), and at one point a stranger approached Forrester and asked, "how's it going, narc?".

During Homer's confrontation with the Hullabalooza crowd, there is a brief shot of Homer with the members of the band No Doubt behind him. Eric Stefani, the founding member of No Doubt and the brother of its lead singer Gwen Stefani, was working as an animator on the show at the time and added them in.

The writers were aiming to have artists that represented several genres: hip hop (Cypress Hill), alternative rock (Sonic Youth, Smashing Pumpkins), and a classic rock singer. Originally, Bob Dylan was sought for this role, but he was replaced by Peter Frampton. Billy Corgan impressed the production staff by doing strong impersonations of Homer and Marge, though it was decided to not have him use them in the episode. Pearl Jam was asked to appear in the episode but declined.

Originally, Courtney Love and Hole were wanted for this episode, but they declined. According to the DVD commentary, an unnamed group (later revealed by Entertainment Weekly to be Sonic Youth) said that they would refuse to appear in the episode if Courtney Love was involved. It was thought that Love would appear in the episode because she had recently done a film with James L. Brooks, but she never responded to the request. Love was wanted specifically for one joke which would be in an exchange between her and Homer:

"Courtney Love: Hi Homer! I'm a big fan, Courtney Love. Homer: Homer Grateful!" However, she did not appear and the joke was reworded for Billy Corgan of the Smashing Pumpkins:"Billy Corgan: Billy Corgan, Smashing Pumpkins. Homer: Homer Simpson, smiling politely."

Cultural references
The flashback where Homer meets the guys in the van is based on the film Dazed and Confused. Several of the scenes where Homer is hit with a cannonball are based on famous stock footage of Frank "Cannonball" Richards being hit with a cannonball, as is the entire concept of a "cannonball catcher". Otto's drug-induced hallucination of his "talking shoes" is based on the opening of the album version of Prince's song "1999". Homer's walk in one scene parodies the walk in Robert Crumb's comic Keep on Truckin'.

Reception
In its original broadcast, "Homerpalooza" finished 57th in ratings for the week of May 13–19, 1996, with a Nielsen rating of 7.8, equivalent to approximately 7.5 million viewing households. It was the third highest-rated show on the Fox network that week, following The X-Files and Married... with Children.

In 1998, TV Guide listed it in its list of top twelve Simpsons episodes.

The BBC website called the episode "One of the most memorable episodes, if not one of the greatest – the satire on youth counterculture is well handled, and Homer's flashback to his youth is fabulous." and IGN said the episode was one of the best of season seven.

In 2019, Consequence of Sound ranked it the third greatest episode on its list of top 30 Simpsons episodes.

In a list of the 25 greatest guest voices on the show, released September 5, 2006, IGN ranked the Hullabalooza performers 23rd.

The noise rock version of the end credits performed by Sonic Youth has been ranked among the best versions of the theme by Matt Groening and also by Chris Turner in his book Planet Simpson.

Bill Oakley has said that Peter Frampton is one of his favorite guest stars and he wished he could have done a TV show with him. Alternatively, the Rover Hendrix act break joke has been called one of the worst jokes in The Simpsons history by the writers and producers.

In 2007, Simon Crerar of The Times listed the Smashing Pumpkins' and Cypress Hill's performances among the 33 funniest cameos in the history of the show. In 2024, the group made the joke of performing with the London Symphony Orchestra a reality.

Andrew Martin of Prefix Mag named Cypress Hill his sixth-favorite musical guests on The Simpsons out of a list of ten.

title: Homerpalooza


text: User talk:68.199.137.111

title: User talk:68.199.137.111


text:
Jerome Pathon

Jerome Pathon (born December 16, 1975) is a South African-born Canadian former gridiron football player who was a wide receiver for eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Washington Huskies, earning first-team All-American honors in 1997. Selected by the Indianapolis Colts in the second round of the 1998 NFL draft, he played in the NFL for the Colts, New Orleans Saints, and Atlanta Falcons. After his playing career, he was a position coach for both the University of South Florida and University of San Diego football teams.

Early life
Pathon was a student of Carson Graham Secondary School in North Vancouver, Canada from 1987 to 1992 and attended Acadia University in Wolfville, Nova Scotia for one year (1993–94), where he had 44 receptions and 868 receiving yards and was named Atlantic University Sport (AUS) and Canadian Interuniversity Athletics Union (CIAU) Football Rookie of the Year.

University of Washington
Pathon was a standout wide receiver for the University of Washington Huskies, playing three seasons from 1995 to 1997. His 73 receptions his senior year still ranks fifth all-time on the Huskies' single season record book. He gained 1,299 yards receiving that year, an average of 108.3 yards per game, including 4 receptions for 54 yards in the Huskies' 51-23 victory over Michigan State in the 1997 Aloha Bowl.

NFL playing career
Pathon was originally drafted 32nd overall in the second round of the 1998 NFL draft by the Indianapolis Colts. He was also selected by the Montreal Alouettes in the second round (11th overall) of the 1997 Canadian College Draft. Pathon played 46 regular-season games for Indianapolis (1998–2001) and 45 games for the New Orleans Saints from 2002-2004. On December 21, 2003 during his time with the Saints, he scored the touchdown in the famous play known as The River City Relay, which could have led to a tie game, but only for the extra point to be missed by John Carney. He also played for the Atlanta Falcons in 2005. He finished with 260 career receptions for 3,350 yards and 15 touchdowns in 99 NFL games played as well as 36 kickoff returns for 773 yards.

Coaching career
Pathon became the wide receivers coach at the University of San Diego in July 2009. Pathon became the wide receivers coach at South Florida in February 2012.

Lawsuit against the NFL
In December 2011, Pathon announced that he and a group of 11 other professional players had filed a lawsuit against the NFL. Pathon and his attorneys allege that the League failed to properly treat head injuries in spite of prevailing medical evidence, leading the players to develop effects of brain injury ranging from chronic headaches to depression.

title: Jerome Pathon


text:
Exodus International

Exodus International was a non-profit, interdenominational ex-gay Christian umbrella organization connecting organizations that sought to "help people who wished to limit their homosexual desires". Founded in 1976, Exodus International originally asserted that conversion therapy, the reorientation of same-sex attraction, was possible. In 2006, Exodus International had over 250 local ministries in the United States and Canada and over 150 ministries in 17 other countries. Although Exodus was formally an interdenominational Christian entity, it was most closely associated with Protestant and evangelical denominations.

In 2012, then president Alan Chambers renounced conversion therapy, saying it did not work and was harmful. The following year, Chambers closed the organization and apologized for the "pain and hurt" participants of their programs had experienced. Several other prominent former members, including John Paulk, have made similar apologies. While Exodus International no longer operates, many of its member ministries continue to do so, either forming new networks, joining existing ones such as the Exodus Global Alliance, or operating independently.

History
During the presidency of Sy Rogers in the 1990s, Exodus International had offices on five continents and declared that "all homosexual relationships are sinful."

Day of Truth
In 2007, Exodus International began supporting the Day of Truth, an event created by Alliance Defending Freedom (ADF) in 2005 that challenges homosexuality. In 2009, the ADF announced they had passed on their leadership role for the event to Exodus. In October 2010, Exodus announced they would no longer support the event. President Alan Chambers stated they realised they needed to "equip kids to live out biblical tolerance and grace while treating their neighbors as they'd like to be treated, whether they agree with them or not", adding that the Day of Truth was becoming too divisive. Chambers said that Exodus had not changed its position on homosexuality, rather they were reevaluating how to best communicate their message. Focus on the Family subsequently took leadership of the event, and renamed it the Day of Dialogue.

Love Won Out
In 2009, Exodus International purchased the Love Won Out conferences from Focus on the Family. The conferences' purpose was "to exhort and equip Christian churches to respond in a Christ-like way to the issue of homosexuality." Love Won Out maintained that "[t]he sin of homosexual behavior, like all sins, can be forgiven and healed by the grace revealed in the life and death of Christ. All sexual sin affects the human personality like no other sin, for sexual issues run deep into our character, and change is slow and uphill - but is possible nonetheless." Love Won Out ceased to exist when Exodus International closed.

Renunciation of conversion therapy
In January 2012, Alan Chambers announced during his address to a Gay Christian Network conference, that "the majority of people that I have met, and I would say the majority meaning 99.9% of them have not experienced a change in their orientation", and apologized for the previous Exodus slogan "Change Is Possible". While he believed that "any sexual activity outside a heterosexual, monogamous marriage is sinful according to the Bible", he was attempting to disassociate the group from "reparative therapy" and also step back from contentious political engagement. Speaking to The New York Times in July 2012, Chambers talked about how he believed gay people can have gay sex and still go to heaven. "But we've been asking people with same-sex attractions to overcome something in a way that we don't ask of anyone else [with other sins]."

In a shift in the organization's previous positions, Chambers stated in June 2012 that conversion therapy is potentially harmful to those participating and it does not work: "I do not believe that cure is a word that is applicable to really any struggle, homosexuality included, for someone to put out a shingle and say, 'I can cure homosexuality'—that to me is as bizarre as someone saying they can cure any other common temptation or struggle that anyone faces on Planet Earth."

Closure
On May 28, 2013, Exodus International withdrew from the Exodus Global Alliance. On June 19, following a vote of the seven member board of directors at the organization's annual meeting in Irvine, California, the board of directors announced the impending closure of Exodus International.

Alan Chambers said that the board made the move "after a year of dialogue and prayer about the organization's place in a changing culture." Chambers repudiated one part of the organization's mission in a nearly hour-long talk at Exodus International's 38th annual meeting:

"I am sorry for the pain and hurt many of you have experienced. I am sorry that some of you spent years working through the shame and guilt you felt when your attractions didn't change. I am sorry we promoted sexual orientation change efforts and reparative theories about sexual orientation that stigmatized parents."

Chambers stated that his next ministry would be different: "Our goals are to reduce fear and come alongside churches to become safe, welcoming and mutually transforming communities".

Board member Tony Moore issued a statement that clarified that the decision is "not negating the ways God used Exodus to positively affect thousands of people", further explaining that "a new generation of Christians is looking for change—and they want it to be heard." The organization's local affiliates may continue to operate independently under a name other than Exodus.

Chambers appeared on Lisa Ling's Our America show, broadcast on the Oprah Winfrey Network, in a June 20, 2013, episode entitled "God and Gays". Ling stated in a media interview prior to the airing of the episode, "I think Alan was sincere in his apology. I think things are happening so quickly and he's going through a transition. Where they leave the organization has yet to be determined."

The decision of the three member board of directors resulted in the closure of Exodus International as an umbrella organization, but had no direct impact on the member ministries which continue to operate. Many have joined together to form two new networks, including Restored Hope Network; while others continue to operate independently.

Additionally, some former member ministries publicly expressed disagreement with the board of directors, Chambers, and his apologies.

A close affiliate to Exodus International was the National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH), who issued a statement saying the member ministries of Exodus "still exist and we imagine that they will always exist as long as we have individuals who find homosexual sex incongruent with their personal or religious values".

Studies of Exodus participants
While there is an overwhelming scientific consensus that conversion therapy is both a pseudoscience and harmful to participants,  several studies of Exodus participants, conducted by people in favor of conversion therapy and from an evangelical perspective, have concluded that the therapy could be successful. Such studies have often been countered and criticized for bias and inaccuracy, and the standards for which they measured "success".

Jones and Yarhouse
Professors Stanton L. Jones of the evangelical Christian Wheaton College and Mark Yarhouse authored a paper that studied whether people "who participate in focused religious ministries experience a change in their sexual orientation" and whether such programs are harmful.

Results found, from a sample of 73 participants (98 before dropouts), that 15% had successfully converted to heterosexuality, 23% "reported homosexual attraction to be present only incidentally" and 29% had "modest decreases in homosexual attraction". No significant change was reported by 27% of participants; 12% reported giving up on conversion therapy, and 8% subsequently identified as homosexual. Jones and Yarhouse's study found "no evidence that the type of attempt to change sexual orientation studied here is harmful."

Response
Dwight Panozzo from New York University stated that there were several flaws in the Jones and Yarhouse study, the most prominent of which was the decision not to exclude participants who were likely to benefit financially from the study finding in favor of conversion therapy. According to Panozzo, these participants would have been more likely to report successful results, thereby "undermining the validity of the findings". Panozzo also said while their methods used to conclude there was no harm caused by conversion therapy had "an impressive level of face validity", these findings could not be accepted. Among several other criticisms, Panozzo states that Jones and Yarhouse did not have a baseline from which to measure harm, adding that "from a research perspective, this [was] a cardinal and insurmountable error."

Controversy
There have been several controversial incidents regarding Exodus and their leaders; Christianity Today reported in 2007 that scandals had become less frequent.

Michael Bussee and Gary Cooper
Michael Bussee, one of the founders of Exodus and Gary Cooper, a leader within the ministry of Exodus, left the group to be in a relationship with each other in 1979. They divorced their wives and participated in a commitment ceremony in 1982. Bussee and Cooper lived together until Cooper's death from AIDS-related illness in 1991.

In June 2007, Bussee issued an apology for his involvement in promoting orientation change through Exodus. Also apologizing were Jeremy Marks, former president of Exodus International Europe, and Darlene Bogle, the founder of Paraclete Ministries, an Exodus referral agency. The apology stated in part "Some who heard our message were compelled to try to change an integral part of themselves, bringing harm to themselves and their families." Bussee stated, "In the almost 40 years since I started Exodus International, I can honestly say that I have never met a gay person who became heterosexual through conversion therapy or ex-gay programs. Yes, some stayed celibate for a time. Some even married and said they were happy. But most of those marriages ended with very painful divorces."

John Paulk
In September 2000, John Paulk, who had been elected Chairman of the board of Exodus International North America since August 1995, was identified drinking at a Washington, D.C. gay bar. A patron recognized him and contacted Wayne Besen, an employee of the Human Rights Campaign, who came to the bar and confronted Paulk. Paulk denied who he was and gave an alias, but was photographed as he left the bar. When confronted by Besen about the incident and the photographs later, Paulk admitted being in the bar, but stated that he did not know it was a gay bar and had simply stopped in to use the restroom. He later conceded he had known it was a gay bar before entering. Paulk was subsequently removed as board chairman by Exodus.

In 2013, Paulk renounced his former cause, stating that his sexual orientation had never truly changed, that reparative therapy does not work and  "does great harm to many people".

Billboard parody
In March 2006, Liberty Counsel, a law firm acting on behalf of Exodus International, sent cease-and-desist letters to bloggers Justin Watt and Mike Airhart, demanding they "immediately cease use" of an edited photograph on their respective blogs "or in any other form" which parodied an Exodus billboard. The original billboard image, obtained from Exodus's website, consisted of the message "Gay? Unhappy? www.exodus.to" while the parody image, created by Watt in September 2005, showed the same sign, substantially cropped, with the text altered to read "Straight? Unhappy? www.gay.com."

In response, Watt contacted the ACLU, who took his defence. Exodus decided against pursuing further legal action once the Exodus logo was removed from the parody. As a result of the media attention, more than 40 other websites began displaying the parody.

iPhone app
In 2011, Exodus International released an iPhone app which promoted the idea that homosexuality can be cured. In the app, Exodus quoted research by scientist Gary Remafedi. Remafedi, however, stated that Exodus had manipulated and misused his research, and wrote to Apple founder Steve Jobs and interim CEO Tim Cook informing them of this. On March 24, 2011, Apple spokesman Tom Neumayr stated: "We removed the Exodus International app from the App Store because it violates our developer guidelines by being offensive to large groups of people."

Petitions to both remove and keep the app were set up on Change.org. On March 24, 2011, The Register reported that while the petition to remove the app had received over 150,000 signatures, the counter petition to keep the app had only received 8 signatures.

Ugandan conference
In 2009, Exodus International board member Don Schmierer and two other evangelical Christians travelled to Uganda to speak at a conference on homosexuality, informing thousands of attendees that homosexuality was "evil" and could be "cured". A month later a Ugandan politician, with the help of the organizers of the conference, introduced what became known as the "Kill the Gays" bill. If passed, the bill would have made homosexuality punishable by death. Close to a year later, Chambers expressed regret for the organization's involvement, and spoke out against the proposed bill.

title: Exodus International


text:
Julián Carrillo

Julián Carrillo Trujillo (January 28, 1875 – September 9, 1965) was a Mexican composer, conductor, violinist and music theorist, famous for developing a theory of microtonal music which he dubbed "The Thirteenth Sound" (Sonido 13).

Biography
Carrillo was born on January 28, 1875, in Ahualulco, a village in the state of San Luis Potosí. He was the last of the 19 children of Nabor Carrillo and Antonia Trujillo.

Early education
Carrillo sang in the children's choir of Ahualulco's church. The choir's conductor, Flavio F. Carlos, encouraged him to study music in the state capital, San Luis Potosí. He planned to study for two years, then return to Ahualulco as the church's singer, but problems prevented this plan. He arrived to San Luis Potosí City in 1885 and began to study with Flavio F. Carlos, teacher to several generations of San Luis Potosí's composers. Carrillo also began to work in his teacher's orchestra where he was a percussionist and later, violinist.

He composed his first small works for this group. Because of his family's financial situation, Carrillo left his primary school studies early, but continued working in the orchestra and studying music with Carlos. In 1894, Carrillo composed a mass that was locally successful. This, along with a letter of recommendation from the government of San Luis Potosí, allowed him to go to study in the National Conservatory of Music in Mexico City. Carrillo made quick progress in the Conservatory. His professors included Pedro Manzano (violin), Melesio Morales (composition), and Francisco Ortega y Fonseca (physics, acoustics, and mathematics).

Having not completed primary studies, he was ignorant of the acoustic basis of music—so he was fascinated when Ortega discussed laws governing generation of fundamental intervals in music. For example, when a violin string is depressed (stopped) at its midpoint, it produces a pitch twice the frequency of (an octave above) the open string. When a string is stopped at one-third, the remaining two-thirds vibrates a perfect fifth higher than the open string (almost exactly equivalent to 5/8 of an octave). Carrillo explored these relationships in experiments. For a while he tried, but couldn't divide the string further than into eight equal parts. Then he left the traditional way of dividing the string into two, three, four, five, six, seven and eight equal parts, and, using a razor to stop the string, divided the fourth string of his violin between G and A into sixteen parts. He could produce sixteen clearly different sounds within a whole tone.

From then on, he immersed himself in the study of the physical and mathematical basis of music. In 1899, General Porfirio Díaz, President of Mexico, heard Carrillo as a violinist. Díaz was impressed, and gave him a special scholarship to study in Europe.

Studies abroad
Carrillo was admitted to the Leipzig Royal Conservatory, where he studied with Hans Becker (violin), Johann Merkel (piano), and Salomon Jadassohn (composition, harmony and counterpoint). He became first violin in two orchestras: the Conservatory's Orchestra, conducted by Hans Sitt; and the Gewandhaus Orchestra, conducted by Arthur Nikisch. Carrillo composed several works at Leipzig, including Sextet in G Major for two violins, two violas and two violoncellos (1900), and the First Symphony in D Major for Orchestra (1901). Carrillo conducted the Leipzig Royal Conservatory Orchestra in the premiere performance of his First Symphony.

In 1900, Carrillo attended the International Congress of Music in Paris, presided by Camille Saint-Saëns. He presented a paper, which the Congress accepted and published, on the names of musical sounds. He proposed that, since each note is one sound, each note name (C, D flat, etc.) should be a single syllable. He proposed 35 monosyllabic names. He also befriended Romain Rolland. When he finished his studies in the Leipzig Conservatory, he went to Belgium to improve his skills as a violinist. There, he studied with Albert Zimmer (who had been Eugène Ysaÿe's student) and was admitted to the Ghent Royal Conservatory of Music. In 1903, he composed a Quartet in E minor, which he intended to give, "ideological unity, [and] tonal variety," to classical forms.

Return to Mexico
In 1904, he won the First Award Cum Laud and with Distinction in the Ghent Conservatory International Violin Competition. Later that year he returned to Mexico where President Díaz gave him an Amati violin "as a present from the Mexican Nation" for his excellent performance in foreign countries. In Mexico City, Carrillo began intense work as violinist, orchestra conductor, composer and teacher. He was appointed professor of history (1906), composition, counterpoint, fugue and orchestration in 1908 by the National Conservatory. Among his students was José Francisco Vázquez Cano who founded the Free School of Music and Declamation, the Faculty of Music of the National University (UNAM) and the National University Philharmonic Orchestra (OFUNAM).

Other notable students were Antonio Gómezanda (pianist and composer), Rafael Ordoñez, Rafael Adame, Vicente Teódulo Mendoza (researcher of the Mexican folklore), Gerónimo Baqueiro Foster (composer and music historian and critic), Daniel Ayala, José López Alavés (composer of the famous Mexican song Canción Mixteca), Rosendo Sánchez, Leticia Euroza, Angel Badillo, Felipe Cortés Texeira, Agustin Oropeza, and Gabriel Gómez. Carrillo organized and conducted the Beethoven Symphony Orchestra (1909) and the Beethoven String Quartet (1910). He published Discursos sobre la música (Discourses on music, 1913) and Pláticas musicales (Musical talks, 1914 and 1922). In 1910 he performed for the first time his Canto a la Bandera (Song to the Flag, with lyrics by Rafael López), which has been since an official song to the Mexican Patriot Flag.

In 1911 Carrillo was official delegate to both the Musical Congress of Rome and the Musical Congress of London. At the first, he presented a report, "Reforming the great forms of composition to give symphony, concert, sonata and quartet ideological unity and tonal diversity". At the second congress, he argued a need to improve the artistic level of military bands. Each report was approved by its respective congress. In 1913 Carrillo was nominated Principal of the National Conservatory. There he amended the curriculum, putting more emphasis on rigorous musical technical preparation as well as literature and Spanish language. That year he was admitted as a member of the Mexican Society of Geography and Statistics.

Birth of the "Thirteenth Sound"
When Victoriano Huerta's government was overthrown, Carrillo had to flee to the United States. In New York City, he organized and conducted the Symphony Orchestra of America. He performed his First Symphony in New York. The success of this work was so great that a journalist named him "the herald of a musical Monroe Doctrine". In 1916, Carrillo composed music for D. W. Griffith's film, Intolerance. In New York, Carrillo also wrote the "Thirteenth Sound Theory" which was published later in the second volume of Musical Talks.

Return home
In 1918, he came back to Mexico, where he was chosen to conduct the National Symphony Orchestra (1918–1924) which had been the Conservatory's Orchestra. He was also named Principal of the National Conservatory (1920–1921). Carrillo led the National Symphony Orchestra to performance excellence. Renowned pianist Leopold Godowsky said the orchestra was superior to the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. The National Symphony Orchestra was so popular, it could be sustained by its own economic resources. With his orchestra, Carrillo introduced Mexico to the music of Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Weber, Wagner, Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakoff, Richard Strauss, Saint-Saëns, Debussy and Ravel.

He directed two Beethoven Festivals in 1920 and 1921. He also introduced Mexican composers Manuel M. Ponce, Antonio Gómezanda, Juan León Mariscal, and himself, among others. In 1920, Julián Carrillo described his Thirteenth Sound Theory through the Mexican press and in conferences. It stated that, given the evolution of the musical system, the next step of musical composition must be the use of intervals smaller than half tones. He cited examples from his earlier experiments. The Thirteenth Sound Theory was not well received. Some enthusiastic people (most of them Carrillo's students) supported it, but others attacked it and its author. They said it was impossible to perceive such little intervals but, even if possible, Carrillo had stolen the idea from European musicians. The main opponent was "Group 9", consisting of seven musicians, a physician, and a lawyer. Carrillo's followers organized themselves as "Group 13". The two groups confronted each other to defend their positions through press, broadcasts and conferences.

This debate is known as the Thirteenth Sound Polemic and was supported principally by the Mexico City's daily El Universal. The polemic culminated with a concert by the Group 13 on February 15, 1925. The program included several compositions of Carillo and his students in quarter-, eighth- and sixteenth-tones, performed with adapted instruments and specially trained voices. From September to November 1925, Carrillo made a Thirteenth Sound excursion through several cities of the country. In December 1925, Carrillo presented the Thirteenth Sound in Havana. In 1926 he arrived in New York City. There, he edited a few issues of the bilingual musical magazine The Thirteenth Sound: The Herald of America's Musical Culture.

The League of Composers commissioned a microtonal work. He wrote the Sonata casi fantasía in quarter-, eighth- and sixteenth-tones. It was performed for the first time in Town Hall on March 13, 1926. Then, Leopold Stokowski commissioned a Carrillo work, the Concertino in quarter-, eighth- and sixteenth-tones, which Stokowski and the Philadelphia Symphony Orchestra performed in New York and Philadelphia. At that time, Carrillo wrote Leyes de Metamórfosis Musicales (Musical Metamorphosis Laws), a method to transform the tonal proportions of a work. For example, half tones become whole tones and whole tones become double tones; or half tones become quarter tones and quarters become eighths, and so on. In addition, these laws present a compositional process similar to serialism. He also wrote Pre-Sonido 13: Rectificación básica al sistema musical clásico—Análisis físico musical (Pre-Thirteenth Sound: Essential Rectification to classical musical system—Physical musical analysis) and Teoría lógica de la música (Logical Theory of Music).

When he came back to Mexico, State of San Luis Potosí's government honored him for the Thirteenth Sound. It declared July 13 (anniversary of the 1895 experiment) as State Day of Honor. The National Flag was raised over Carrillo's house from 6 am to 6 pm. Despite governmental recognition, Carrillo didn't receive economic support for his musical revolution. Opponents put obstacles to his working as a conductor and professor of music. After that, he rarely was invited to conduct in Mexico and his music seldom performed. The former Principal of the National Musical Conservatory and titular Conductor of the National Symphony never obtained similar jobs again, in spite of his abilities and experience. He had to pay for his own musical research, making musical instruments, publishing his compositions, et cetera. In 1930, Carrillo organized the Thirteenth Sound Symphony Orchestra, in which all the musical instruments could perform microtones.

From 1930 to 1931 Carrillo and Leopold Stokowski conducted this orchestra. In New York City on February 7, 1930, Ángel Reyes, principal of the Thirteenth Sound Group of Havana, recorded the Preludio a Colón (Prelude to Christopher Columbus) for the Columbia label. That year, the town of Ahualulco was officially renamed Ahualulco del Sonido 13. In 1934, Carrillo published La revolución musical del Sonido 13 (The Thirteenth Sound Musical Revolution), which gave the historical background of his revolution. In 1940 he published another book, Génesis de la Revolución Musical del Sonido 13 (Genesis of the Thirteenth-Sound Musical Revolution).

Pianos and metamorphosis
In 1940, Carrillo patented fifteen metamorphoser pianos for producing whole tones, third-tones, quarter-tones, fifth-, sixth-, seventh-, eighth-, ninth-, tenth-, eleventh-, twelfth-, thirteenth- fourteenth-, fifteenth-, and sixteenth-tones. Each piano produced one set of intervals but all of these pianos have sets of 96 keys unlike common pianos. The piano with quarter-tones could produce four full octaves and the piano with sixteenth-tones only one. In contrast, Wyshnegradsky's piano for quarter-tones has three sets of 88 keys. In 1941 Carrillo published Método racional de solfeo (Rational method of solfeggio). Its guiding idea is that a person has to proceed from known things to discover new things. So his exercises for singing are variations on the Mexican National Anthem. In 1947 he conducted experiments at New York University examining the node law that prevailed at the time and showed that it had to be modified. His reasoning followed from the fact that a node is not a mathematical point but a physical point. If a violin string is stopped below halfway, the frequency of the bowed fraction is more than twice the frequency of its base note.

Carrillo later extended his work on musical physics (the node law and harmonic law) in Dos leyes de física musical (Two laws of musical physics, Mexico City, 1956)In 1949, the first metamorphoser piano was made for third-tones and Carrillo brought it to the Paris Musical Conservatory the next year. In France, he met Jean-Étienne Marie, who spread Carrillo's theories in Europe.

Carrillo lectured in France, Spain and Belgium. In 1951 Carrillo produced a concert in the Esperanza Iris Theatre of Mexico City to demonstrate the musical metamorphosis laws. That year, in Pittsburgh, Leopold Stokowski performed for the first time Horizontes: Poema sinfónico (Horizons: Symphonic Poem for violin, cello and harp in quarter- eighth- and sixteenth-tones). The concert was so successful that Stokowski had to repeat the complete work. Next year, Stokowski performed Horizontes in Washington, Baltimore and Minneapolis. In 1954 he donated a metamorphoser piano for third-tones to the Schola Cantorum of Paris. In 1956, France's president decorated Carrillo with the badge of Knight of the Legion of Honor. Germany's government decorated Carrillo with the Great Cross of the Order of Merit. In 1958 Carrillo showed his 15 metamorphoser pianos at the Brussels' World Exposition. They won a gold medal. Then the pianos were shown in the Gaveau Hall in Paris. Julián Carrillo, Ivan Wyschnegradsky and Alois Hába met in Paris where they were all participating in the International Congress of Music that year. Carrillo performed in concert at UNESCO.

Last years
From 1960 to 1965 Carrillo recorded about thirty musical works with the Lamoureaux Concerts' Association Symphony Orchestra with renowned French musicians like Jean-Pierre Rampal, Bernard Flavigny, Robert Gendre, and Reine Flachot. These records were made by Philips in Paris. Jean-Etienne Marie was the sound engineer. In 1960 Carrillo composed his Canon atonal a 64 voces (Atonal Canon for 64 Voices); the Misa de la Restauración dedicada a Juan XXIII (Mass of the Restoration dedicated to Pope John XXIII for male voices acapella in quarter-tones); Balbuceos (Babbles for metamorphoser piano in sixteenth-tones and orchestra).

This last work was commissioned by Leopold Stokowski and performed for the first time in Houston. In Paris during 1963, Carrillo won the Great Award of Latin American Music. He lectured in the Mexican Embassy in London and was interviewed by the BBC. The Times of London published an article from their Mexico City correspondent: "The grand old man of Mexican music, Julián Carrillo, has spent his life peering into an unsuspected microtonic world of sound. He has shattered and then remade our chromatic scale, and we might be tempted to call him the atom-splitter of music, except that the name gives no idea of the rich emotional world he has opened. ... This was a more startling revolution than when Terpander, in Greece 26 centuries ago, added two notes to the Chinese five-tone scale." In 1964 Robert Gendre premiered Carrillo's First Violin Concerto in quarter-tones. That year, Carrillo wrote several works: three sonatas for viola in quarter-tones, a Sonata for violin in quarter-tones, the Second Violin Concerto in quarter-tones, and several atonal canons. Mexico's government awarded him the Civic Merit Medal because of the anniversary of the Canto a la Bandera (Song to the National Flag).

In 1965 the USSR invited Carrillo to perform several concerts across the country, but he died before it could be a reality. He also won the Sibelius Award of Finland, with the support of the most important musical institutes of France, Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico, but his death prevented his receiving it personally. Carrillo died in Mexico City on September 9, 1965. His remains were interred at the Rotunda of Illustrious Persons.

title: Julián Carrillo


text:
Thomas Hora

Thomas Hora (January 25, 1914 - October 30, 1995) is considered the founder of the discipline of metapsychiatry, an attempt to integrate principles from metaphysics, spirituality, and psychology.

Education and early practice
After growing up in northern Hungary, Hora received medical degrees from Royal Hungarian University in Budapest in 1942, and from Charles University in Prague, Czechoslovakia in 1945. He performed his residency in psychiatry at Budapest General Hospital and Carlsbad City Hospital in Carlsbad, Czechoslovakia. In 1952, Hora established private practices in New York City and in Bedford Village, New York. For the next fifteen years, he was active in professional psychiatric circles in the U.S. and in Europe, and published several articles. In 1958, in recognition of his contributions to his field, he received the Karen Horney Award for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis.

Development of metapsychiatry
However, at about this time, Hora was inspired to look for alternative solutions to psychological problems and life issues. Dissatisfied with orthodox treatments for mental illness, he investigated alternate cures and treatments, soon leading him to spiritual literature. Hora is described as having read the sacred texts and major writings of many major world religions, including Zen Buddhism, Christianity, Taoism, and Judaism. In addition to the literature of the world's major religions, Hora also read from an extensive list of philosophers, both existentialist and classical. He is also said to have met with Carl Jung, Alan Watts and a Zen master to ask questions and seek guidance, incorporating many of their thoughts into his work. The teachings of Jesus became especially important to Hora's formulation of metapsychiatry, and many of his books (such as Beyond the Dream: Discourses on Metapsychiatry and Spiritual Guidance (ISBN 0-913105-14-7)) drew heavily from Jesus' teachings. Hora continued to teach and provide mentorship until shortly before his death on October 30, 1995. His teachings continue to be promulgated through the PAGL (Peace, Assurance, Gratitude, and Love) Foundation, which continues to publish his works.

title: Thomas Hora


text:
Yoshizaki-gobō

The Yoshizaki-gobō (吉崎御坊) was a Buddhist temple located in what is the Yoshizaki neighbourhood of the city of Awara, Fukui, Japan. It is known for its connection to Rennyo, the founder of the Ikkō sect of Japanese Buddhism. The ruins of the temple were designated a National Historic Site in 2012.

Overview
In 1457, Rennyo was appointed as the eighth chief abbot of Hongan-ji, on the outskirts of Kyoto. Under Rennyo's leadership, Hongan-ji began to expand the teachings of Shinran's Pure Land Buddhism to areas beyond the capital. However, the rapid growth of Hongan-ji was met with hostility by the orthodox Tendai sect based at Enryaku-ji on Mount Hiei, and in 1465, Hongan-ji was destroyed by militant monks from Enryaku-ji and Rennyo was forced to flee Kyoto. In 1471, he re-established Hongaki-ji at the small village of Yoshizaki on the border of Echizen Province with Kaga Province. This rectory, known as the "Yoshizaki-gobō" was the location from which he sent out many epistles explaining the teachings of his version of the Pure Land faith, known as the Ikkō-shū, in colloquial Japanese, and was the location at which he reformed the ritual practices of the sect. It was also from this location that he implemented his vision of reforming society by creating a semi-theocratic republic, in which the traditional feudal landlords would be replaced by communal landholding by lay followers of the sect led by the priesthood, thus laying the foundations for the Ikkō-ikki movement. The town of Yoshizaki had residences for both priests and lay followers and provided lodgings and other services, and rapidly attracted large numbers of pilgrims mainly from the northern provinces as far away as Dewa and Ōshū. However, Rennyo's success at Yoshizaki drew hostility from the traditional political authorities. The Yoshizaki-gobō burned down in 1474 and again in 1475. After this, Rennyo left Yoshizaki and returned to Kyoto.

The Yoshizaki Hongan-ji continued to be used by his followers and the Kaga ikki movement until it was destroyed by the forces of the Asakura clan in 1506.

A new temple was built on the site in 1747, belonging to the Ōtani-branch of the Jōdo Shinshū movement.

title: Yoshizaki-gobō


text:
University of Virginia School of Architecture

The University of Virginia School of Architecture is the graduate school of architecture at the University of Virginia, a public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia. The school offers master's, doctoral and limited bachelor's programmes in architecture, landscape architecture, architectural history, and urban and environmental planning. Additionally, the school offers a certificate in historic preservation.

Founded by Thomas Jefferson, and set in the UNESCO World Heritage Academical Village, the school was founded in 1919, but the original vision for the school dated to 1826. To date, the school is considered a leader for architectural studies, and is ranked among the top ten schools of architecture in the United States.

History
The School of Architecture was a cornerstone of founder Thomas Jefferson's concept for the university. He intended to use the architecture of the Academical Village as a didactic instrument for students. Evidence suggests that Jefferson planned to instruct architecture students himself, but he died in 1826 before his vision could be realized.

It would take more than 100 years after Jefferson's death for the School of Architecture to be formed. In 1919, a School of Fine Arts was established under the direction of Sidney Fiske Kimball, for whom the university's Fine Arts Library is named. In 1954 the university dissolved the School of Fine Arts, merging it into the College of Arts and Sciences, and creating a new School of Architecture.

In the nine decades since its founding, the school has grown from an initial enrollment of eleven students to some 350 undergraduate and 175 graduate students, with 54 full-time faculty members and an extensive staff.

Facilities
The school is located in Campbell Hall, and includes studio space, lecture halls, classrooms, the Fine Arts Café, and the Arts & Architecture Store (colloquially known as the A&A).

A decade-long program entitled "Campbell Constructions" was created by Dean Karen Van Lengen (1999–2009). She invited Architecture and Landscape Architecture faculty to contribute to the renovation and rejuvenation of the school and its grounds. Eleven projects were completed during this ten-year period, ranging from furniture to interior renovations, as well as building additions and outdoor projects and landscapes. Van Lengen led the planning and oversight of the designs.

This series of projects was also part of a larger redevelopment program at the university. The two building expansions and landscape designs were collaborative design efforts between the faculty offices and SMBW Architects, the "Architects of Record" for all of the major additions and landscape projects. These expansions added some 12,000 square feet (1,100 m2) to accommodate the school's growth over the previous two decades. The South Addition, by faculty member Bill Sherman, provides office space along the south side of the building. A series of landscape interventions accompany the South Addition, designed by Warren Byrd (Nelson Byrd Woltz Landscape Architects). The Elmaleh East Wing, by faculty member W. G. Clark, provides additional space for reviews and exhibits. The new additions were dedicated in October 2008. The original building, by Pietro Belluschi, was completed in 1970.

Rankings
In the 2012 rankings by the journal DesignIntelligence, the school's architecture program tied for first place among public Master of Architecture programs and ranked seventh overall. U.Va. is also the top program among public and private universities in the South. The program has been ranked the first or second public Master of Architecture program three times in the last 10 years, and in the top five publics of the last 10 years. The Master of Architecture program has the lowest tuition of any top-10 program ranked by DesignIntelligence's 2012 report.

The graduate landscape architecture program is ranked third in master's programs at public universities and fifth overall. In a survey of deans and administrators, U.Va.'s Master of Landscape Architecture program ranked third overall, second for research and theory, fourth in design communication and cross-disciplinary teamwork, and fifth in computer applications. The program has consistently remained in the top six of public programs and top 15 overall since 2005.

The Planetizen 2012 Guide to Graduate Urban Planning Programs ranked U.Va.'s program in Urban and Environmental Planning seventh in the nation.


text: Talk:Molle Islands National Park

title: Talk:Molle Islands National Park