text:
USS Lawrence (DD-250)

The fourth USS Lawrence (DD-250) was a Clemson-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War II. She was named for James Lawrence.

Lawrence was laid down 14 August 1919 and launched 10 July 1920 by New York Shipbuilding Corporation; sponsored by Miss Ruth Lawrence, and commissioned 18 April 1921.

History
After shakedown Lawrence was assigned to the Destroyer Force Atlantic Fleet. Departing Newport, Rhode Island 13 June 1922, the destroyer sailed for the Mediterranean and joined Naval Forces at Constantinople 4 July. For the next year she cruised in the eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea during the Crimean crisis. During this time of upheaval throughout the Near East and south Russia, she rendered aid to American commercial personnel, Red Cross workers, and U.S. Food Administration officials who were assisting the stricken inhabitants. Lawrence together with other American destroyers also evacuated thousands of Greek refugees from areas of Asia Minor which had been occupied by Turkish Forces. The destroyer returned to New York 30 October 1923, and resumed operations with the Scouting Fleet.

She departed New York 3 January 1924 to join in Army-Navy exercises which tested the defenses and facilities of the Panama Canal. In August of that year Lawrence was stationed off Labrador during the Army around the world flight, returning to Boston, Massachusetts in September to resume operations with the Scouting Fleet. For the next 3 years she performed reserve training cruises, maneuvers along the east coast and engaged in simulated attack exercises on the Hawaiian Islands.

Lawrence detached from the Scouting Fleet 11 February 1927, and sailed off the coast of Nicaragua to protect American lives and property during the Civil War then underway in that country. The destroyer departed the Nicaraguan coast 5 weeks later, and she resumed her cruising cycle with the Scouting Fleet, continuing these operations until she decommissioned at Philadelphia 6 January 1931.

Lawrence recommissioned 13 June 1932 and departed Philadelphia 15 August to join the Pacific Fleet. From her arrival San Diego, California 8 September until 1938, she operated continuously with Pacific destroyer squadrons, engaging in fleet tactical and strategic exercises along the coast and fleet problems off the Panama Canal Zone and Hawaii. She decommissioned at San Diego 13 September 1938.

World War II
Once again Lawrence recommissioned 26 September 1939 and sailed 2 months later for maneuvers and patrol in the Caribbean. Following training operations, she arrived at Boston 1 March 1940, and later that month was assigned to the east coast sound school at New London, Connecticut. The destroyer conducted tactical exercises along the east coast until 3 December when she steamed for the Pacific.

Arriving at San Francisco, California on the 27th, she was later assigned to the Sound School at San Diego, continuing these operations until America's declaration of war on Japan. During the early months of the war the destroyer performed convoy escort operations between San Francisco and Seattle, Washington. Lawrence departed San Francisco 13 August 1942 to escort a troop convoy en route to Kodiak, Alaska, arriving there 7 days later. For the next month the destroyer covered convoy approaches between Kodiak, Dutch Harbor, and Adak before returning to San Francisco 27 September.

Based at Treasure Island, California for the rest of the war, Lawrence served on patrol and escort operations to the approaches of San Francisco Bay. On 31 May 1944, the destroyer rescued 192 men of SS Henry Bergh which had grounded on the Farallon Islands, then resumed patrol and escort operations. After the war, Lawrence departed San Francisco 28 August 1945, arriving Philadelphia 20 September.

She decommissioned at Philadelphia 24 October 1945 and was sold to Boston Metal Company, Baltimore, Maryland, on 1 October 1946.

title: USS Lawrence (DD-250)


text:
Hong Kong at the 1992 Summer Olympics

Hong Kong competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. 38 competitors, 28 men and 10 women, took part in 39 events in 11 sports.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Archery
In its third Olympic archery competition, Hong Kong was represented by only one archer. He did not advance to the elimination rounds.

Men's Individual Competition:
 * Fung Yick
 * Ranking Round — 69th place (0-0)

Athletics
Men's 100m metres
 * Wai-Ming Ku
 * Heat — 10.74 (→ did not advance)

Men's 200m metres
 * Pat Kwok Wai
 * Heat — 22.45 (→ did not advance)

Fencing
Three male fencers represented Hong Kong in 1992.

 * Men's foil
 * Lo Moon Tong
 * Wu Xing Yao
 * Tang Kwong Hau

Judo
Men's Judo-60 kg Lee Kan

Sailing
Men's Sailboard (Lechner A-390)
 * Wong Tak Sum
 * Final Ranking — 227.7 points (→ 20th place)

Women's Sailboard (Lechner A-390)
 * Lee Lai Shan
 * Final Ranking — 143.0 points (→ 11th place)

Swimming
Men's 50m Freestyle
 * Michael Wright
 * Heat – 23.90 (→ did not advance, 39th place)
 * Tat Cheung Wu
 * Heat – 25.45 (→ did not advance, 59th place)

Men's 100m Freestyle
 * Michael Wright
 * Heat – 51.88 (→ did not advance, 39th place)
 * Arthur Kai Yien Li
 * Heat – 52.22 (→ did not advance, 42nd place)

Men's 200m Freestyle
 * Arthur Kai Yien Li
 * Heat – 1:54.35 (→ did not advance, 33rd place)
 * Kar Wai Kelvin Li
 * Heat – 1:59.40 (→ did not advance, 41st place)

Men's 100m Breaststroke
 * Andrew Rutherford
 * Heat – 1:04.23 (→ did not advance, 29th place)
 * Jia Han Chi
 * Heat – 1:06.81 (→ did not advance, 44th place)

Men's 200m Breaststroke
 * Andrew Rutherford
 * Heat – 2:24.29 (→ did not advance, 37th place)
 * Jia Han Chi
 * Heat – 2:30.74 (→ did not advance, 44th place)

Men's 100m Butterfly
 * Arthur Kai Yien Li
 * Heat – 56.47 (→ did not advance, 39th place)
 * Duncan Todd
 * Heat – 57.29 (→ did not advance, 48th place)

Men's 200m Butterfly
 * Duncan Todd
 * Heat – 2:08.20 (→ did not advance, 38th place)

Men's 200m Individual Medley
 * Arthur Kai Yien Li
 * Heat – 2:09.32 (→ did not advance, 37th place)
 * Duncan Todd
 * Heat – 2:12.29 (→ did not advance, 42nd place)

Men's 400m Individual Medley
 * Duncan Todd
 * Heat – 4:41.84 (→ did not advance, 30th place)

Men's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay
 * Arthur Kai Yien Li, Tat Cheung Wu, Kar Wai Kelvin Li, and Michael Wright
 * Heat – 3:30.61 (→ did not advance, 14th place)

Men's 4 × 200 m Freestyle Relay
 * Arthur Kai Yien Li, Michael Wright, Kar Wai Kelvin Li, and Tat Cheung Wu
 * Heat – 7:54.30 (→ did not advance, 16th place)

Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay Women's 50m Freestyle
 * Arthur Kai Yien Li, Andrew Rutherford, Duncan Todd, and Michael Wright
 * Heat – 3:56.46 (→ did not advance, 19th place)
 * Robyn Lamsam
 * Heat – 27.40 (→ did not advance, 36th place)

Women's 100m Freestyle
 * Robyn Lamsam
 * Heat – 59.26 (→ did not advance, 37th place)

Women's 200m Freestyle
 * Robyn Lamsam
 * Heat – 2:08.60 (→ did not advance, 30th place)

Women's 400m Freestyle
 * Robyn Lamsam
 * Heat – 4:32.23 (→ did not advance, 30th place)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hong Kong at the 1992 Summer Olympics


text:
Michael Bentine's Potty Time

Michael Bentine's Potty Time was a British children's show, written by and starring Michael Bentine, and directed and produced by Leon Thau for Thames Television on ITV. It ran from 1973 to 1980. Bentine had  introduced  The  Potties  on  a  BBC  show Michael Bentine Time  a  year  earlier. The episodes consisted largely of bearded puppets (called "Potties"), comically re-enacting famous historical situations. The Potties' faces were always obscured by facial hair, with only their noses protruding. They were operated from beneath and had two distinct sizes - approximately two feet (60 cm) and one foot (30 cm) tall. All of the Potty characters were designed by Bentine, who also provided all of their voices. Their operators were from The Barry Smith Theatre of Puppets.

The title 'Potty Time' is a humorous double entendre also referring to the toilet training of infants - a 'potty' being slang for a child's chamber pot.

In 2001, it was voted into 71st place in Channel 4's 100 Greatest Kids' TV shows poll.

In the 1970s and early 80s it was broadcast in Australia on Channel 7. The series was also broadcast in New Zealand first on South Pacific Television and later on Television One.

Other media
Several Region 2 DVDs of the three series have been released by Network Releasing.

This was also a title of a comic strip run in Look-in magazine featuring Bentine and the Potties, drawn by Arthur Ranson.

title: Michael Bentine's Potty Time


text: Category:History of Gloucestershire

title: Category:History of Gloucestershire


text: User talk:69.230.51.220

title: User talk:69.230.51.220


text:
Scott Duncan (footballer)

Adam Scott Mathieson Duncan (2 November 1888 – 3 October 1976) was a Scottish football player and manager, who played as an outside right. He made over 100 appearances for Rangers, played in England for Newcastle United, winning the Football League title in 1908–09. He also had three spells with Dumbarton, and played for Cowdenbeath and guested for Celtic. As a manager, he led Hamilton Academical and Cowdenbeath before going to England, where he managed Manchester United and then Ipswich Town, the latter for 18 years.

Playing career
Born in Dumbarton, Duncan was working as a law clerk when he joined his home-town club Dumbarton in 1906. He moved to Newcastle United in March 1908 for a fee of £200. A versatile forward, although primarily an outside-right, he scored 12 times in 81 league games for the Magpies and was a member of the 1908–09 English Football League championship winning side.

In May 1913, he returned to Scotland, moving to Rangers for a fee of £750. He remained with Rangers during World War I, in which he served as a signalling instructor in the Royal Field Artillery. He also played two wartime games for Celtic. In 1918 he rejoined Dumbarton and in the 1920 close season signed for Cowdenbeath. In 1922 he rejoined Dumbarton for a third time, but retired at the end of the 1922–23 season.

Managerial and coaching career
Duncan was appointed as secretary-manager of Hamilton Academical in the summer of 1923. He left in October 1925 to take over as secretary-manager of Cowdenbeath and had seven successful years at the club, keeping them in the Scottish First Division throughout his time in charge.

In June 1932 he was appointed as secretary-manager of Manchester United. Despite spending a lot of money on players, United were almost relegated to the Third Division in the 1933–34 season. However, Duncan turned things around and led United to the Second Division championship in the 1935–36 season. However, they were relegated the following season and, in November 1937, he resigned to become manager of Ipswich Town, who were then a Southern League side.

At the end of the 1938–39 season Ipswich were elected into the English Football League despite finishing third in the Southern League. Duncan remained with Ipswich Town as manager for 18 years, winning the Third Division (South) title in the 1953–54 season. However, Town were relegated the following season and Duncan stood down as manager in August 1955 season when Alf Ramsey took over. He remained as secretary for three further years.

He was honoured with a testimonial match at the end of the 1957–58 season against Norwich City at Portman Road, which Ipswich won 3–1.

He returned to live in Scotland in his retirement until his death in 1976, at the age of 87.

As a player

 * Newcastle United
 * First Division: 1908–09
 * FA Charity Shield: 1909

As a manager

 * Manchester United
 * Second Division: 1935–36

 * Ipswich Town
 * Division Three South: 1953–54

title: Scott Duncan (footballer)


text:
Sexual addiction

Sexual addiction is a state characterized by compulsive participation or engagement in sexual activity, particularly sexual intercourse, despite negative consequences. The concept is contentious; neither of the two major mainstream medical categorization systems recognise sex addiction as a real medical condition, instead categorizing such behavior under labels such as compulsive sexual behavior.

There is considerable debate among psychiatrists, psychologists, sexologists, and other specialists whether compulsive sexual behavior constitutes an addiction – i.e., in this instance a behavioral addiction –, and therefore its classification and possible diagnosis. Animal research has established that compulsive sexual behavior arises from the same transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms that mediate drug addiction in laboratory animals; however, sexual addiction is not a clinical diagnosis in either the DSM or ICD medical classifications of diseases and medical disorders. Some argue that applying such concepts to normal behaviors such as sex can be problematic, and suggest that applying medical models such as addiction to human sexuality can serve to pathologise normal behavior and cause harm.

Classification
None of the official diagnostic classification frameworks list "sexual addiction" as a distinct disorder.

Proponents of a diagnostic model for sexual addiction consider it to be one of several sex-related disorders within hypersexual disorder. The term sexual dependence is also used to refer to people who report being unable to control their sexual urges, behaviors, or thoughts. Related or synonymous models of pathological sexual behavior include hypersexuality (nymphomania and satyriasis), erotomania, Don Juanism, and paraphilia-related disorders.

The ICD-11 created a new condition classification, compulsive sexual behavior disorder, to cover "a persistent pattern of failure to control intense, repetitive sexual impulses or urges resulting in repetitive sexual behaviour". However, CSBD is not considered to be an addiction, and the WHO does not support a diagnosis of sex addiction.

DSM
The American Psychiatric Association (APA) publishes and periodically updates the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), a widely recognized compendium of mental health diagnostics.

The version published in 1987 (DSM-III-R), referred to "distress about a pattern of repeated sexual conquests or other forms of nonparaphilic sexual addiction, involving a succession of people who exist only as things to be used." The reference to sexual addiction was subsequently removed. The DSM-IV-TR, published in 2000 (DSM-IV-TR), did not include sexual addiction as a mental disorder.

Some authors suggested that sexual addiction should be re-introduced into the DSM system; however, sexual addiction was rejected for inclusion in the DSM-5, which was published in 2013. Darrel Regier, vice-chair of the DSM-5 task force, said that "[A]lthough 'hypersexuality' is a proposed new addition...[the phenomenon] was not at the point where we were ready to call it an addiction." According to the APA, the proposed diagnosis was not included due to a lack of research into diagnostic criteria for compulsive sexual behavior.

DSM-5-TR, published in March 2022, does not recognize a diagnosis of sexual addiction.

ICD
The World Health Organization produces the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), which is not limited to mental disorders. The most recent approved version of that document, ICD-10, includes "excessive sexual drive" as a diagnosis (code F52.7), subdividing it into satyriasis (for males) and nymphomania (for females). However, the ICD categorizes these diagnoses as compulsive behaviors or impulse control disorders and not addiction. The most recent version of that document, ICD-11, includes "compulsive sexual behavior disorder" as a diagnosis (code 6C72) – however, it does not use the addiction model.

CCMD
The Chinese Society of Psychiatry produces the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (CCMD), which is currently in its third edition – the CCMD-3 does not include sexual addiction as a diagnosis.

Other
Some mental health providers have proposed various, but similar, criteria for diagnosing sexual addiction, including Patrick Carnes, Aviel Goodman, and Jonathan Marsh. Carnes authored the first clinical book about sex addiction in 1983, based on his own empirical research. His diagnostic model is still largely utilized by the thousands of certified sex addiction therapists (CSATs) trained by the organization he founded. No diagnostic proposal for sex addiction has been adopted into any official medical diagnostic manual, however.

In 2011, the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), the largest medical consensus of physicians dedicated to treating and preventing addiction, redefined addiction as a chronic brain disorder, which for the first time broadened the definition of addiction from substances to include addictive behaviors and reward-seeking, such as gambling and sex.

Borderline personality disorder
The ICD, DSM and CCMD list promiscuity as a prevalent and problematic symptom for Borderline Personality Disorder. Individuals with this diagnosis sometimes engage in sexual behaviors that can appear out of control, distressing the individual or attracting negative reactions from others. There is therefore a risk that a person presenting with sex addiction, may in fact have Borderline Personality Disorder. This may lead to inappropriate or incomplete treatment.

Medical reviews and position statements
In November 2016, the American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors and Therapists (AASECT), the official body for sex and relationship therapy in the United States, issued a position statement on sex addiction declaring that their organization "does not find sufficient empirical evidence to support the classification of sex addiction or porn addiction as a mental health disorder, and does not find the sexual addiction training and treatment methods and educational pedagogies to be adequately informed by accurate human sexuality knowledge. Therefore, it is the position of AASECT that linking problems related to sexual urges, thoughts or behaviors to a porn/sexual addiction process cannot be advanced by AASECT as a standard of practice for sexuality education delivery, counseling or therapy."

In 2017, three new USA sexual health organizations found no support for the idea that sex or adult films were addictive in their position statement.

On 16 November 2017 the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (ATSA) published a position against sending sex offenders to sex addiction treatment facilities.

Neuroscientists who are sex researchers state sex is not addictive. Addiction criteria were not met for sexual behaviours: “experimental studies do not support key elements of addiction such as escalation of use, difficulty regulating urges, negative effects, reward deficiency syndrome, withdrawal syndrome with cessation, tolerance, or enhanced late positive potentials.” Аs well as evidence of a key neurobiological feature of addiction is scarce in case of sex.

"Yet, despite these advances, research related to sexual addiction remains in its infancy. A lack of theoretical integration, deficits in methodological rigor, a paucity of clinical samples, over reliance on convenience samples (i.e., university students or Mechanical Turk samples), the complete absence of epidemiological studies, widespread inconsistencies in the definitions and measurements of CSB, and a lack of treatment studies all still plague the literature related to sexual addiction. If scientists, researchers, and clinicians in this domain want to bring the field forward and provide evidence-based care to people who report out-of control sexual behaviors, all of the above are needed. (Grubbs et al. 2020)"

ICD-11
The Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder is determined by following criteria:
 * Persistent pattern of failure to control intense, repetitive sexual impulses or urges resulting in repetitive sexual behaviour
 * The pattern of failure to control intense, sexual impulses or urges and resulting repetitive sexual behaviour is manifested over an extended period of time (6 months or more)
 * Causes marked distress or significant impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
 * Distress that is entirely related to moral judgments and disapproval about sexual impulses, urges, or behaviours is not sufficient to meet this requirement

ICD-11 added pornography to CSBD. CSBD is not an addiction and should not be conflated with sex addiction.

Possible mechanisms
Animal research involving rats that exhibit compulsive sexual behavior has identified that this behavior is mediated through the same molecular mechanisms in the brain that mediate drug addiction. Sexual activity is an intrinsic reward that has been shown to act as a positive reinforcer, strongly activate the reward system, and induce the accumulation of ΔFosB in part of the striatum (specifically, the nucleus accumbens). Chronic and excessive activation of certain pathways within the reward system and the accumulation of ΔFosB in a specific group of neurons within the nucleus accumbens has been directly implicated in the development of the compulsive behavior that characterizes addiction.

In humans, a dopamine dysregulation syndrome, characterized by drug-induced compulsive engagement in sexual activity or gambling, has also been observed in some individuals taking dopaminergic medications. Current experimental models of addiction to natural rewards and drug reward demonstrate common alterations in gene expression in the mesocorticolimbic projection. ΔFosB is the most significant gene transcription factor involved in addiction, since its viral or genetic overexpression in the nucleus accumbens is necessary and sufficient for most of the neural adaptations and plasticity that occur; it has been implicated in addictions to alcohol, cannabinoids, cocaine, nicotine, opioids, phenylcyclidine, and substituted amphetamines. ΔJunD is the transcription factor which directly opposes ΔFosB. Increases in nucleus accumbens ΔJunD expression can reduce or, with a large increase, even block most of the neural alterations seen in chronic drug abuse (i.e., the alterations mediated by ΔFosB).

ΔFosB also plays an important role in regulating behavioral responses to natural rewards, such as palatable food, sex, and exercise. Natural rewards, like drugs of abuse, induce ΔFosB in the nucleus accumbens, and chronic acquisition of these rewards can result in a similar pathological addictive state.Table 1" Thus, ΔFosB is also the key transcription factor involved in addictions to natural rewards as well, and sexual addictions in particular, since ΔFosB in the nucleus accumbens is critical for the reinforcing effects of sexual reward. Research on the interaction between natural and drug rewards suggests that psychostimulants and sexual reward possess cross-sensitization effects and act on common biomolecular mechanisms of addiction-related neuroplasticity which are mediated through ΔFosB.

Counseling
As of 2023, none of the official regulatory bodies for Psycho-sexual Counseling or Sex and Relationship therapy, have accepted sex addiction as a distinct entity with associated treatment protocols. Indeed, some practitioners regard sex addiction as a potentially harmful diagnosis and draw parallels with gay conversion therapy. As a result, treatment for sex addiction is more often provided by addiction professionals in the counseling field than psychosexual specialists. These counseling professionals typically hold advanced degrees of education including master's degrees or Doctorates in counseling or a related field like psychology. These counselors can also hold certifications like Licensed Professional Counselors (LPC-S) who are required to hold a master's degree or higher level of education. Therapists and Psychologists usually also hold a Master's in a related field of study.

Cognitive behavioral therapy is a common form of behavioral treatment for addictions and maladaptive behaviors in general. Dialectical behavior therapy has been shown to improve treatment outcomes as well. Certified Sex Addiction Therapists (CSAT) – a group of sexual addiction therapists certified by the International Institute for Trauma and Addiction Professionals –  offer specialized behavioral therapy designed specifically for sexual addiction.

In-person support groups
In-person support groups are available in most of the developed world. None yet have any scientific evidence to show whether or not they are helpful, so attendees do so at their own risk.

Support groups may be useful for uninsured or under-insured individuals. (See also: .) They may also be useful as an adjunct to professional treatment. In addition, they may be useful in places where professional practices are full (i.e. not accepting new patients), scarce, or nonexistent, or where these practices have waiting lists. Finally, they may be useful for patients who are reluctant to spend money on professional treatment.

Epidemiology
According to a systematic review from 2014, observed prevalence rates of sexual addiction/hypersexual disorder range from 3% to 6%. Some studies suggest that sex addicts are disproportionately male, at 80%.

History
Sex addiction as a term first emerged in the mid-1970s when various members of Alcoholics Anonymous sought to apply the principles of 12-steps toward sexual recovery from serial infidelity and other unmanageable compulsive sex behaviors that were similar to the powerlessness and un-manageability they experienced with alcoholism. Multiple 12-step style self-help groups now exist for people who identify as sex addicts, including Sex Addicts Anonymous, Sexaholics Anonymous, Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous, Sexual Recovery Anonymous, and Sexual Compulsives Anonymous.

Controversy
The controversy surrounding sexual addiction is centered around its identification, through a diagnostic model, in a clinical setting. As noted in current medical literature reviews, compulsive sexual behavior has been observed in humans; drug-induced compulsive sexual behavior has also been noted clinically in some individuals taking dopaminergic drugs. Moreover, some research suggests compulsive engagement in sexual behavior despite negative consequences in animal models. Since current diagnostic models use drug-related concepts as diagnostic criteria for addictions, these are ill-suited for modelling compulsive behaviors in a clinical setting. Consequently, diagnostic classification systems, such as the DSM, do not include sexual addiction as a diagnosis because there is currently "insufficient peer-reviewed evidence to establish the diagnostic criteria and course descriptions needed to identify these behaviors as mental disorders". A systematic review on sexual addiction conducted in 2014 argued that the "lack of empirical evidence on sexual addiction is the result of the disease's complete absence from versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders."

There have been debates regarding the definition and existence of sexual addictions for decades, as the issue was covered in a 1994 journal article. The Mayo Clinic considers sexual addiction a form of obsessive compulsive disorder and refer to it as "sexual compulsivity" (note that addiction has been defined as a compulsion toward rewarding stimuli, although the ASAM now describe it as "a primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory and related circuitry.") ). A paper dating back to 1988 and a journal comment letter published in 2006 asserted that sex addiction is itself a myth, a by-product of cultural and other influences. The 1988 paper argued that the condition is instead a way of projecting social stigma onto patients. "Love addiction" falls into the same controversial area as well since it refers to a frequent pattern of intimate relationships which can be a by product of cultural norms and commonly accepted morals.

In a report from 2003, Marty Klein, stated that "the concept of sex addiction provides an excellent example of a model that is both sex-negative and politically disastrous." Klein singled out a number of features that he considered crucial limitations of the sex addiction model and stated that the diagnostic criteria for sexual addiction are easy to find on the internet. Drawing on the Sexual Addiction Screening Test, he stated that "the sexual addiction diagnostic criteria make problems of nonproblematic experiences, and as a result pathologize a majority of people."

Hyper sexuality or sexual addiction are other terms used to describe compulsive sexual activity. There is a strong emphasis on uncontrollable sexual imaginations, impulses, or acts. Your relationships, career, health, and other areas of your life suffer as a result, and you experience misery.

Various types of sexual experiences that are generally gratifying can be associated with compulsive sexual behavior. Masturbation, using a computer to interact and become sexually aroused, having many partners, utilizing pornography, and paying for sex are a few examples. However, it’s probably compulsive sexual behavior when these activities take up a significant portion of your time, are hard for you to control, create issues for you or others, or become a substantial source of stress.

It has been argued that the CSBD diagnosis is not based upon sex research.

According to Apryl Alexander, historically, in the US, the claim of sex addiction has been the preferred defense of white men who committed felonies.

Popular culture
Sexual addiction has been the main theme in a variety of films including Diary of a Sex Addict, I Am a Sex Addict, Black Snake Moan, Confessions of a Porn Addict, Shame, Thanks for Sharing, Don Jon, and Choke. Charles II of England was portrayed as a sex addict in 17th century satires.

title: Sexual addiction


text:
Talk:A Lesson Before Dying

Racism
It is Gaines' intention in the writing of this book to imply that racism is not gone today, just not in the spotlight anymore. It still occurs discretely

Religion
The purpose of religion in this book is to bring community to a very segregated people.

The Measure of a Man
In the book, Grant has to teach Jefferson how to be a man, and in turn learns, himself, what it takes to be a man.

Transfiguration
Throughout the course of the novel, Grant undergoes a transformation. Once he starts teaching Jefferson how to ‘become a man,’ he realizes that he himself has not truly become a man.

As Grant was growing up, his school teacher was very influential in his life, but he never thought he would ever grow up to be just like him. Inside, Matthew Antoine, “He hated himself for the mixture of his blood and the cowardice of his being, and he hated us for daily reminding him of it.” Grant did not understand that what his former school teacher felt was a sense of guilt. He felt that he had let himself and his other black community members down by not standing up for himself and the unfair things that happened in the town. Racism and prejudice ruled the opinions of others, and Matthew Antoine did not do anything about it. This in turn left him feeling worthless and bitter.

Along with this feeling, the school teacher felt that it was a curse to be educated. He said to Grant, “Good, good you want to learn? Good, good here is the burden.” Being educated, meant you had the knowledge of how cruel the government, court, and world were towards the African American race. In saying this, he was trying to save Grant from going through the pain and remorse that he has lived through. Matthew knew Grant wanted to learn, and knew that if he just went outside and chopped wood like all the other children and was able to retain his innocent nature, than he would live a happier life.

Once Grant starts to teach Jefferson, he is able to realize that all these years he has been just like his former teacher, cowardly and not able to stand up for what is right. After he had the courage to take a stand and help Jefferson on his way, he was able to see the gratification he felt in knowing that he was able to make a difference in the way society perceived blacks.

Sources

Gordon-Yarbrough, Jane (1995). The Antioch Review. The Antioch Review, Inc.

Gaines, Ernest J. A Lesson Before Dying. New York: Vintage Books, 1993

Isolation
Ernest J. Gaines novel, A Lesson Before Dying, transcends the racial barriers presented in the story. Not only does Gaines speak to the long, harsh history of white oppression of blacks, but to the unjust oppression in preset day society. Gaines exemplifies the mental and behavioral effects of poverty-specifically lack of education and the prison system. The character of Jefferson serves as the prime example of the detrimental problems in society.

"There were two elementary schools uptown, one catholic, one public, for whites; and the same back of town for colored." (p. 25)

Though this may have a huge effect on Jefferson’s ability to understand his trial, Gaines shows that Jefferson is still very aware of his unjust sentence. The ability to comprehend justice transcends one’s education to a certain point. While Jefferson does not know exactly who to blame for his trial, he does know he has not been a treated humanely.

"Then he looked at me. You know what I’m talking about, don’t you? his eyes said.  They were big brown eyes, the whites too reddish. You know, don’t you? his eyes said again. I looked back at him.  My eyes would not dare answer him.  But his eyes knew that my eyes knew." (p. 73)

This scenario is often observed in the violent revolts by lower class citizens in third world countries. Though the people know they have been treaty wrongly, their response is not always aimed at the appropriate persons, which is understandable.

Once Jefferson is locked up, his humanity is further degraded. After being called a hog at his court case by his defense attorney, without anyone to tell him otherwise he soon begins to believe he is not human.

"That’s for youmans," he said. "I ain’t no youman. Hogs don’t give nothing. Hogs don’t leave nothing. Hogs don’t worry. Hogs just know," he said. "Hogs don’t know anything, Jefferson," I said. "Only human beings know. Only human beings worry."

"This hog knows. Fattening up for Christmas. Kill him at Christmastime," he said. (p. 140)

The physical and symbolic isolation of Jefferson’s jail cell from society only further contributes to Jefferson’s eroded mindset. All of the prisoners in the jailhouse are distanced from the other prison workers by numerous flights of stairs and multiple long hallways. The black prisoners are again separated from the white prisoners. Jefferson’s cell is located at the end of the hallway, apart from the rest of the jail prisoners. His location is symbolic of the sentiment that he is not even fit to be amongst the regular black prisoners. Jefferson’s jail cell is small, and furnished with the basic necessities to live, but not to live comfortably. Everything is grimy, the quarters are cramped, and the window is too high to even receive sunlight. His single connection with the outside world is as minimal as possible.

"We followed him down a long, dark corridor, passing offices with open doors, and bathrooms for white ladies and white men. At the end of the corridor we had to go up a set of stairs. The stairs were made of steel. There were six steps, then a landing, a sharp turn, and another six steps. Then we went through a heavy steel door to the area where the prisoners were quartered. The white prisoners were also on this floor, but in a separate section. I counted eight cells for black prisoners, with two bunks to each cell. Half of the cells were empty, the others had one or two prisoners.

The cell was roughly six by ten, with a metal bunk covered by a thin mattress and a wooden army blanket; a toilet without seat or toilet paper; a washbowl, brownish from residue and grime; a small metal shelf upon which was a pan, a tin cup, and a tablespoon. A single bulb hung over the center of the cell, and at the end opposite the door was a barred window, which looked out onto a sycamore tree behind the courthouse. I could see the sunlight on the upper leaves. But the window was too high to catch sight of any other buildings or the ground." (p. 71)

These bleak living conditions soon begin to alter Jefferson’s mindset. Without interacting with other people, Jefferson loses his grip on reality. Jefferson is reduced to the lowest level on Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. While his physical needs are met, he is left without any healthy social relationships. To fill this gap he begins to behave erratically and cruelly. Even tactless social communication is more than he would have otherwise. He lashes out at Grant, but it is apparent that he does this because of his need for some sort of social contact.

"Manners is for the living," he said. He looked at me awhile then he swung around and knocked the bag of food off the bunk. "Food for the living, too," he said.

We looked at each other, and I could see in those big reddened eyes that he was not going to scream. He was full of anger-and who could blame him?- but he was no fool. He needed me, and he wanted me here, if only to insult me. (p.130)

Jefferson is isolated from society by all means possible, both physically and figuratively. Yet, this does nothing to rehabilitate him or improve his behavior. Instead, it sends him into a deeper spiral of need and pain. Both his actions and his cognitive processes are greatly affected by this separation from society. In A Lesson Before Dying, Gaines addresses the many institutions of isolation that still exist in today’s society and their detrimental effects to one’s humanity.

"That’s for youmans," he said. "I ain’t no youman. Hogs don’t give nothing. Hogs don’t leave nothing."

"Hogs don’t worry. Hogs just know," he said "Hogs don’t know anything, Jefferson," I said. "Only human beings know. Only human beings worry."

"This hog knows. Fattening up for Christmas. Kill him at Christmastime," he said. (p. 140)

Sources

Gaines, Ernest J. A Lesson Before Dying. New York: Vintage Books, 1993

Alienation
In reading Ernest J. Gaines’ novel, A Lesson Before Dying, I noticed a theme of alienation in the main character and narrator, Grant Wiggins. Grant’s actions alienate him from his family, his friends and everyone else around him. Sometimes, he does it to himself, other times it’s forced upon him by others. Grant suffers this separation from people due to his advanced education, lack of religion and desire to flee from the plantation. Most of the problems Grant has stem from his sense of not belonging.

In the 1940’s most black men were not educated beyond a few years in public school. Thus, any remarks that would indicate further education were looked down upon by those who thought themselves superior. Phillip Auger, in his article entitled, “A Lesson in Manhood: Appropriating ‘The Word’ in Ernest Gaines’s A Lesson Before Dying,” writes, “Grant makes it clear that even he, a black man who has been college educated, cannot express himself in the way he wishes in his community,” (76). Grant often encounters discrimination where he cannot express himself. In one such encounter, Grant corrects the sheriff by using “doesn’t” instead of “don’t.” (Gaines 48). In another instance, Gaines writes, “’Leave it,’ the sheriff said. ‘I’ll see that he gets it. Batries, I hope.’ ‘Yes, sir, batries,’ I said. I had almost said ‘batteries,’” (177). Grant has to speak as though he is stupid when around less educated white people simply because he has a different skin color. A lot of other people see this kind of racism and discrimination as the way things always have been and always will be. Grant rebels against his “place” in society and is shunned by white people because of his illusions of grandeur. As well, the society of the white people enjoys its position of superiority and the society of the black people is too afraid of retribution to try and change anything drastic. Grant’s education not only alienates himself from the white people, but also from those in the quarter.

Grant’s discussions with the people in the quarter are a lot like those he has with Reverend Ambrose. Reverend Ambrose resents Grant because Grant feels superior to the rest of the quarter because of his education (Gaines 214-216). Many of the people in the quarter distance themselves from Grant for this same reason. In getting his education, Grant gained a lot of knowledge, but at the same time, he lost his religion.

Religion causes much strife with Grant. Tante Lou, Grant’s aunt, feels disappointed because he lost his religion when he went off to school. Grant deals with the oppression of the times with superior knowledge whereas, “the way in which Grant’s Aunt, Jefferson’s Godmother, and Reverend Ambrose learn to deal with such oppression is through their faith and institution of religion,” (Auger 77). Grant wants nothing to do with organized religion, although he does believe in a God-like force (Gaines 223). Reverend Mose Ambrose believes, “they send you to school to relieve pain, to relieve hurt—and if you have to lie to do it, then you lie. You lie and you lie and you lie” (Gaines 218). Reverend Ambrose, in this statement, is telling Grant to lie to Jefferson so he will pray to God for forgiveness of his sins, thus going to heaven. Grant refuses to lie to Jefferson, thereby alienating himself from the reverend. Most people of the day were religious and by putting himself on the opposite side of the fence from Reverend Ambrose, he distances himself from a lot of the community in the quarter. Grant can find peace with neither the white people, nor the black people in his community. He has only one person who he truly cares about, and that is Vivian. She, unfortunately, causes him to be alienated when they don’t see eye-to-eye on matters.

Grant firmly believes that leaving the plantation area will solve his problems. Grant tells Vivian, “I don’t feel alive here. I’m not living here. I know we can do better someplace else,” (Gaines 29). This belief pushes him away from most of the community as he is the teacher, and a vital part of the community because of it. The only reason Grant has not left the area is his lover, Vivian. Vivian asks him why he hasn’t left and his only response is, “because of you,” (Gaines 29). More than anything else, he wants to leave Louisiana with Vivian and go to California or someplace and live, what he perceives would be, a better life. Vivian, however, is happy where she is. She doesn’t want to move. She feels a responsibility to her teaching job, to her students and to her children. When Grant asks her if she wants to leave she says, “we can’t. We’re teachers and we have a commitment,” (Gaines 29). Mary Ann Doyle, in her article “Educational Studies,” points out if Vivian ran away with Grant, her estranged husband would have backing on his side of the custody battle for their two children (457). For these reasons, Vivian feels she cannot easily leave the area of Bayonne and in turn Grant is torn by his desire to run and live someplace better and his desire to be with Vivian, raising a barrier between himself and Vivian.

Conflict is ripe with Grant: with both the white and black communities because he is more educated than a lot of them, with his local community and family because of his refusal to go to church and with Vivian and himself because of his desire to flee versus his desire to be with Vivian. All of these conflicts cause Grant to be alienated from everyone around him. This alienation is the root of Grant’s problems. He wants to stand up and be a man, something the whites don’t want to allow. He doesn’t go to church and denies the god the people of the quarter believe in, so he has little or no connection with his family and neighbors in the quarter. Finally, he wants to pick up and move, to leave his troubles behind him. All of this holds him back from doing anything truly great where he lives until Tante Lou forces him to make something of Jefferson. In this way, Grant actually achieves something.

Barrett writes in his article entitled, “When Teacher Becomes Student”, “Grant himself suffers a temporal dislocation that leaves him unable to live and teach in and for the present that white Louisiana crafts for black men, women, and children” (2). Grant wants things to change but feels powerless where he is to change things. He is a man of the future—a future where black is not considered to be inferior to anyone else. He could only be comfortable in such an atmosphere. Jefferson is his only source of redemption. If he can convince Jefferson to act like the man he is, his teaching will have come to some avail. This would be the beginning of Grant’s redemption from alienation. It would be a long series of events that would bring Grant back from being alienated, but the first stone would be showing the members of all communities that black people are just that. They are people. Then the blacks would think of themselves as equals to the whites and history has shown that to have happened, but it wouldn’t have happened without actions of people like Grant Wiggins.

--Dataspot

Sources

Auger, Philip. “A Lesson About Manhood: Appropriating “The Word” in Ernest Gaines’s A Lesson Before Dying.”  Southern Literary Journal. 27.2 (Spring 95): 74-85.

Barrett, Peter A. “When Teacher Becomes Student”. Independent School, 57.2 (Winter 98): 98-101.

Doyle, Mary Ann. “The Social Foundations Classroom”. Educational Studies, 32.4 (December 2001): 453-470.

Gaines, Ernest J. A Lesson Before Dying. New York: Vintage Books, 1993

Disputed
It seems that the novel described in the page is not A Lesson Before Dying. A Lesson Before Dying has nothing to do with Mexico and was set in 1940's Louisiana. I am not sure what novel has been described, but it is definetly not A Lesson Before Dying by Ernest Gaines. The sources cited from Spark Notes at the bottom of the page seems to describe the correct novel. Everything in the Talk page seems to be correct too and is referencing the correct novel. Dm46607 06:30, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Vandalism
I removed the following sentence "A Lesson Before Dying is also in the process of becoming a feature length movie starring Sylvester Stallone, Angelina Jolie, and Arnold Schwartzenegger" from the section Film, TV or theatrical adaptations as it's unsubstantiated/unsourced at best and at worst seemed vandalism. SINsApple 01:51, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Again reverted to an earlier version to revert vandalism. SINsApple 05:04, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

Missing Text?
In the middle of the description of Miss Emma, the text then goes to the middle of a quote on something unrelated. I believe a section might be missing here, on the setting, maybe? If someone could look into/ correct this, I would be much obliged. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.205.224.16 (talk) 19:13, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Needs References/Rewrite
Reads like a book report, especially usage of page number citations. Needs a major rewrite, with citations from other sources. Fooqwah (talk) 06:56, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

Vandalism!
I came to this article hoping to learn about the novel. In the lede were at least two signs of vandalism: "World War 3" and "Jim Crew". From other discussion on this page it appears to have been repeatedly vandalized. 72.251.57.40 (talk) 04:15, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * This book is in a lot of high school curriculums; it's only natural that some immature kids who hated the book will saunter over to Wikipedia to vandalize the article. We try to keep them out with large chunks of school IPs blocked, but there's no getting around user accounts. Soren121 (talk) 04:40, 2 August 2011 (UTC)

Intro provides an analysis without references
The introduction to this article seems to reflect the article's authors views of about the important thems in the book without a single reference. The article desperately needs content and ciations from the scholarly literature. Otherwise, this is original research. A searchGoogle Scholar search returns a lot of material that could be relevant, including several interviews with Gaines:

The intro is too fixated on thematic analysis and doesn't describe the plot. Jefferson is introduced 3/4 of the way down, without any indication of his role in the novel's plot. Robertekraut (talk) 20:14, 4 August 2011 (UTC)

Great essay, bad article
This reads like an A paper in a sociology class. Author(s) should be proud. That being said, not encyclopedic. Don't make original conjectures about themes and stuff and then try to prove them with the text. Good college, bad wiki. Try to find the author talking about his work to back up your interpretations. 68.168.160.16 (talk) 21:15, 29 May 2013 (UTC)

HENRI PICHOT
YOU MAKE THE ARTICLE. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 104.8.134.223 (talk) 04:00, 4 September 2014 (UTC)

Another Grant Wiggins
A real person with this name died recently: http://www.tolerance.org/blog/educational-canvas-rip-grant-wiggins He seems worthy of his own article. Mathyeti (talk) 20:21, 28 May 2015 (UTC)

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User talk:Salvadorjo~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Zzyzx11 | Talk 22:43, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
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Lisbon
Hello Salvadorjo. I've just read the message you left in my page about the changes I had made in Lisbon. Ok. Partially my mistake since, from what was writen, it was not clear that the tribes/peoples mentioned were only those of the area of Lisbon (notice that the rest of the references refer only to the Iberians and the Celts in general), so my changes were a way of mentioning the major groups in Western Iberia (I was using Celtiberian in a loose sense, refering to mixtures of Celts and Iberians, and not in the stric sense of the ones living in East Iberia). However, and I'm not doubting you, where is it said (what's the source?) that there were Conii and Cempsi (also Cinetes or Cunetes?) in the mouth of the Tagus River? From what I can gather these peoples were found in the Algarve (see, for instance, the incredible map of Pre-Roman Peoples of Iberia at about 200 BC done by the archeologist Luís Fraga; you can find it at ). Furthermore, if you go to the Conii's page you will see that it is not clear (as the afore mentioned map shows) if the Conii were Celts, Pre-Celts or even close to the Iberian Turdetani. Can you help learn more about all this? I'm just doing a slight change, that of fixing the link Conni to Conii. Thanks! The Ogre 23:51, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Image:150px-FND1.png listed for deletion
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Convite
Olá Salvadorjo! Não quererás participar nas discussões em curso em Talk:Timeline of the Muslim Occupation of Spain e Talk:Roman Spain? A questão que aí se coloca, como poderás ver, é a da utilização da palavra "Spain", com todo o que isso implica, para designar toda a Península Ibérica em qualquer momento da sua história. Participa como te aprover! The Ogre 11:23, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Portal de Portugal
Já abriu o Portal de Portugal na Wikipedia! Junta-te a nós para trabalharmos em prol de artigos, listas e imagens relacionadas com Portugal. No portal, encontrarás um artigo geral, um artigo biográfico, um artigo geográfico e uma imagem todas as semanas em destaque. Para além disso estão apresentadas também secções de Notícias, Curiosidades, Listas, Citações, Opentasks, informação sobre artigos recentes, etc. Futuramente teremos um WikiProject para geografia de Portugal (de modo a estandardizar todos os artigos relativos às localidades e divisões administrativas portuguesas), história de Portugal, biografias, e possivelmente desporto. Também temos em vista a criação de uma Colaboração Semanal para artigos sobre Portugal. Por isto, e tudo mais, pedimos-te que venhas ajudar-nos. Estamos também à procura de colaboradores, por isso, se estiveres interessado, é só pedires que já estás no grupo de manutenção do portal. Saudações! Gameiro 19:57, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
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Guam at the 1992 Summer Olympics

Guam competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. 22 competitors, 16 men and 6 women, took part in 27 events in 8 sports. As of 2022, it is Guam's largest Olympic delegation.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Archery

 * Men

Athletics

 * Men
 * Track and road events

 * Women
 * Track and road events

Cycling
Six cyclists, five men and one woman, represented Guam in 1992.

Road

 * Men

 * Women

Track

 * Pursuit

Judo

 * Men

 * Women

Sailing

 * Men

 * Women

Swimming

 * Men

 * Women

Wrestling

 * Freestyle

title: Guam at the 1992 Summer Olympics


text:
Talk:Newbury (UK Parliament constituency)

Previous MPs
I can't find anywhere which says which party some of the previous MPs come from. Stranger is a Liberal according to election.demon.co.uk and therefore I've worked out that Howard Clifton Brown must reasonably be a Conservative. William Arthur Mount is listed on the Chiltern Hundreds so he definately resigned, he is probably a conservative.

Cinema
If needed, I have a scan of the flyer the Conservatives posted just before the elction regarding the Newbury cinema. 84.64.141.210 20:52, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

Fox-hunting and so on
That bit about fox-hunting is rubbish and should be taken out. The Tories won because they won over more people on council estates in the constituency, where the average voter is largely unconcerned with hunting. I was there throughout the early part of 2005 and have studied the constituency in depth and the change in support is too large to be accounted for solely by hunting. It is a cop-out on Rendel's behalf because the most significant factor in Rendel's defeat was the fact that he had neglected the constituency for years and national issues played a large part in getting out the vote on the day. Lstanley1979 (talk) 12:27, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

I've taken out the whole of the paragraphs on 2005. Most of it is untrue or misleading (the LibDems wanted to turn the whole of the marketplace into an Italian piazza, not just use imported marble) and is written from a POV which I can only describe as biased. Most wikis on constituencies in the UK do not have any preamble to the results and let them stand alone as their own witness. Anyone involved in electoral politics in the UK is going to take sides on issues and skew them in their own favour so I don't believe it is necessary to detail the campaign as if one was writing an article for your local party newsletter. Sorry but better no commentary than an obviously biased one. Lstanley1979 (talk) 12:35, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

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Mr. Six (mascot)

Mr. Six is an advertising character since 2004 for an advertising campaign by the American theme park chain Six Flags. Appearing as an elderly man wearing a tuxedo and thick-framed glasses, he was usually shown stepping slowly off a bus before he suddenly performed a frenetic dance to an instrumental version of the Vengaboys song "We Like to Party" to invite stressed and overworked people to Six Flags. Mr. Six last appeared in 2010, with Six Flags stating the character was on a hiatus. On June 25th, 2024, Six Flags brought Mr. Six back in a Fright Fest ad after 14 years.

Origin
According to USA Today, Mr. Six is the creation of Doner Advertising of Southfield, Michigan. The success of the ad became such that Six Flags toured the vintage bus featured in the ad to all of its 31 parks selling old T-shirts based on the Mr. Six advertisement. Mr. Six also appeared on the nationally broadcast U.S. TV morning show Good Morning America.

The first airing had Mr. Six as an apparently elderly, slow-moving man dressed in his trademark tuxedo and large glasses, entering a suburban neighborhood in a retro-style bus. The neighborhood's families are working hard but appear bored with doing so. Mr. Six slowly shuffles off the bus, then suddenly becomes more limber and performs a high-energy dance routine as "We Like to Party" begins playing. The suburban families happily board the bus and are driven to Six Flags, where Mr. Six dances around park guests and joins them on various attractions. His dance borrows moves from the Melbourne shuffle, jumpstyle, and Techtonik. Ads later showed different variations of Mr. Six dancing and inviting people to Six Flags. Initially he had a non-speaking role.

Six Flags did not disclose the identity of the actor playing Mr. Six for some time, but eventually it became known that Mr. Six was played by choreographer Danny Teeson. Teeson said in 2018, "The first few years, I had a hefty NDA [non-disclosure agreement] agreement with my contract."

Mr. Six impersonators
On July 9, 2004, Six Flags Great America held a contest to find the best person who could impersonate the new "Ambassador of Fun" Mr. Six and dance like him. The reward was $2,500 cash and other small prizes. About 200 people who wore tuxedos and red bow ties, went out onto the stage and danced. Jordan Pope, 13, won the contest. Jim Crowley, Six Flags Great America marketing director, said, "Jordan truly embodies the spirit of Six Flags!... He had Mr. Six's unique dance moves down to a science, the crowd went wild when he took the stage!"

Hiatus & Return
On November 29, 2005, Daniel Snyder, then the owner of the NFL's Washington Redskins (now the Washington Commanders), took over Six Flags and the next day, he announced the retirement of the ad campaign. Snyder said that Mr. Six was "pointless". Mr. Six and the "It's Playtime!" motto were dropped and Six Flags' next ad campaign was "Friendly, Clean, Fast, Safe, Service." (The mascot was still prominently featured at Six Flags theme parks on merchandise until his revival in 2009.) The Mr. Six campaign was replaced by the "More Flags, More Fun" campaign, which introduced an unnamed Asian character shouting the tagline at viewers.

On February 2, 2009, Mr. Six began appearing in place of the unnamed Asian character in the "More Flags, More Fun" ads on the Six Flags website. In March 2009, Six Flags announced the return of Mr. Six to promote their 2009 season opening in numerous press releases. Mr. Six also resumed appearances in a number of new television commercials where he dances and says the "More Flags, More Fun" tagline, alongside his sidekick Little Six, a much younger version of himself.

Mr. Six appeared as a bobblehead in the Six Flags New for 2017 announcement video.

Throughout the first half of 2024, Six Flags began teasing the return of Mr. Six. On March 21, several of Six Flags' social media accounts posted a video featuring "We Like to Party" playing in the background on speakers. On June 21, the Six Flags Instagram account posted a video featuring a Halloween remix of “We Like to Party”, depicting the Six Flags bus opening with fog coming out of the back. On June 25, Six Flags released a Fright Fest ad featuring Mr. Six, marking his first appearance since 2010.

Parodies

 * A 2004 episode of The Late Show with David Letterman featured a parody with show announcer Alan Kalter driving the Six Flags bus and "accidentally" running over Mr. Six.
 * Mr. Six is also parodied in the Robot Chicken episode "Celebrity Rocket". In a sketch, Mr. Six appears at the site of a car accident and whisks all involved to Six Flags (including a woman, a man, a cop, and a corpse in a body bag). At one point, he dances behind the woman in a very provocative manner, causing the cop to yank him away from her. At the end, Mr. Six begins driving them away from Six Flags only to cause another fatal accident. As the bus passengers look on at the horrifying results, Mr. Six begins dancing again. The cop gets annoyed and shoots him in the head.
 * Mr. Six was parodied twice on Saturday Night Live.
 * He was parodied on the February 23, 2008 episode hosted by Tina Fey. In the sketch, NBC has over-scheduled The Apprentice and dozens of spinoffs have been created, including one in which the contestants are TV commercial characters. Donald Trump (played by Darrell Hammond) asks Mr. Six (played by Amy Poehler) if he would dance for him. Mr. Six says he would rather not, but the skit ends with Mr. Six next to Trump dancing to "We Like to Party".
 * On the April 16, 2022 episode, host Lizzo brings a date (played by Mikey Day) home, only for it to be revealed that her grandfather (played by Sarah Sherman), with whom she lives, is Mr. Six, referred to throughout the sketch as "The Six Flags Guy". Further, it is revealed that her grandmother (Ego Nwodim) and their poker club (Aristotle Athari, Kate McKinnon, Kyle Mooney) are all also "Six Flags Guys".  The sketch ends with everyone doing the Mr. Six dance to "We Like to Party".
 * Art Wander portrayed "Mr. Empire," a direct parody of Mr. Six, in an advertisement for Empire Sports Network. The original Mr. Six ads were in heavy rotation at the time to promote Six Flags Darien Lake in Empire's coverage area.

title: Mr. Six (mascot)


text:
User talk:Agent-88

Welcome!
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text:
Hamish MacInnes

Hamish MacInnes (born McInnes; 7 July 1930 – 22 November 2020) was a Scottish mountaineer, explorer, mountain search and rescuer, and author. He has been described as the "father of modern mountain rescue in Scotland". He is credited with inventing the first all-metal ice-axe and an eponymous lightweight foldable alloy stretcher called MacInnes stretcher, widely used in mountain and helicopter rescue. He was a mountain safety advisor to a number of major films, including Monty Python and the Holy Grail, The Eiger Sanction and The Mission. His 1972 International Mountain Rescue Handbook is considered a manual in the mountain search and rescue discipline.

Early life
MacInnes was born in Gatehouse of Fleet, in the historical county of Kirkcudbrightshire in Galloway, Scotland, on 7 July 1930. His father's surname was McInnes, but Hamish, (according to his obituary in The Times) "later adopted the more distinctive Scottish spelling of the family name". He was the youngest child amongst five siblings. He had three sisters and a brother who was eighteen years older than Hamish. His father served in the Chinese police in Shanghai, then returned to join the British Army and the Canadian Army during World War I. He had served with National service, shortly after the Second World War, with a deployment in Austria.

Mountaineering and mountain rescue
MacInnes was exposed to mountaineering at a very early age and by the age of 16, he had already climbed the Matterhorn. He had also built a motor car from scratch at the age of 17. In 1953, when he was 23, he made an attempt to scale Mount Everest, with his friend John Crabbe Cunningham and had almost made it before Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay scaled the mountain. He went on to complete the first winter ascent of Crowberry Ridge Direct and of Raven's Gully on Buachaille Etive Mòr in the Scottish Highlands, with Chris Bonington in 1953. He was also a part of the group that scaled the Bonatti Pillar on the Aiguille du Dru, a mountain on the Mont Blanc massif of the French Alps. He performed this feat with a fractured skull, which he suffered after being hit by a rockfall.

He is noted for bringing many innovations to mountaineering equipment, including designing the first all-metal ice axe. He is credited with introducing the short ice axe and hammer with inclined picks for Scottish winter work in the early 1960s. He also pioneered the exploration of the Glencoe cliffs for winter work with the Glencoe School of Winter Climbing and led the area's mountain rescue team from 1961. In the 1960s he was secretary of the Mountain Rescue Committee of Scotland. He is recognised as having developed modern mountain rescue in Scotland, setting up the Search and Rescue Dog Association with his wife in 1965 and the Scottish Avalanche Information Service in 1988. He invented the eponymous MacInnes stretcher, a lightweight and specialised folding alloy stretcher, which is used for rescues worldwide.

In 1972 he was part of an 11-strong team that attempted to be the first to ascend the southwest face of Everest, but their expedition did not reach the summit due to bad weather. In 1975, MacInnes was deputy leader to Bonington's Mount Everest Southwest Face expedition, which included Dougal Haston and Doug Scott. He had been tasked with designing equipment for that expedition but after being caught in an avalanche high on the mountain was unable to continue. He went on to scale the overhanging prow of Mount Roraima in the mountainous regions around Brazil, Venezuela and Guyana.

Although never an official member, MacInnes climbed extensively with the Creagh Dhu, Glasgow-based climbing club as well as with the rival Aberdeen clubs. He joined forces with Tom Patey to make the first winter traverse of the Cuillin Ridge on Skye.

He was involved with a number of films, as climber, climbing double and safety officer, including The Eiger Sanction and The Mission. He also worked on the 1975 film The Eiger Sanction and the 1986 film The Mission. He was part of the production team for the 1975 film Monty Python and the Holy Grail. He served as mountaineering consultant, built the film's "bridge of death" and became friends with star Michael Palin.

He wrote many books on mountaineering, including the International Mountain Rescue Handbook (1972), which is regarded as the standard manual worldwide in the mountain search and rescue discipline, and Call-out: A climber's tales of mountain rescue in Scotland (1973), his account of his experiences leading the Glencoe Rescue team.

MacInnes acquired a number of nicknames within the mountaineering community, including the affectionate "Old Fox of Glencoe", "The Fox of Glencoe" and "MacPiton".

In 1994 MacInnes resigned his position as leader of the Glencoe Mountain Rescue team, over a decision taken by his colleagues to let the BBC make a documentary based on their work. However, the decision changed and he returned as leader.

Awards and honours
MacInnes was awarded the British Empire Medal (BEM) in the 1962 New Year Honours. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to mountaineering and mountain rescue in Scotland in the 1979 New Year Honours. He received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 1992, University of Stirling in 1997 and University of Dundee in 2004. In 2007 he was awarded honorary fellowship of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society. He was inducted into the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame in 2003 and received the Scottish Award for Excellence in Mountain Culture in 2008. In 2016 he was presented with the Chancellor’s Medal from the University of the Highlands and Islands.

In 2018 a documentary film was produced for BBC Scotland, titled Final Ascent:The Legend of Hamish MacInnes. Introduced by his friend, Michael Palin, it recounts the story of MacInnes's life and achievements, and how he used archive footage, his photographs and his many books to "recover his memories and rescue himself".

Personal life
MacInnes lived in Glen Coe for many years. Until 1998, he resided at "Allt Na Reigh", a cottage within the glen that was subsequently purchased by media personality, Jimmy Savile. MacInnes later said that he was hoodwinked by Savile, and pleaded that the house, which was believed not to have been the scene of any of the offences for which Savile subsequently became infamous, not be demolished; however, after his death, a friend of MacInnes told the BBC that MacInnes "would have wanted" the house knocked down to "remove the stain from the landscape." In June 2024, the house's current owners were granted planning permission to demolish it and replace it with a new residence, to be named Hamish House in MacInnes' honour.

Illness and death
In 2014, MacInnes suffered a urinary tract infection which, initially undiagnosed, rendered him severely confused and suffering from delirium. He was sectioned into Belford psychiatric hospital in the Scottish Highlands. From there he made multiple attempts to escape, including scaling up the outside of the hospital to stand on its roof. After around five years the infection was diagnosed and treated. MacInnes recovered, though he lost memories of his adventuring career that he sought to rebuild by reading his accounts of them.

He died on 22 November 2020, aged 90, at his home in Glen Coe. Writing on his death, the Scottish daily The Scotsman said, "No one man has done more to help put in place the network of emergency response efforts designed to keep climbers from harm’s way, and it seems that MacInnes took just as much pleasure in helping to rescue people as he did in making record-breaking ascents."

title: Hamish MacInnes


text:
User talk:Trwier

Sorry, it seems that nobody has given you a proper welcome to Wikipedia, so if you don't mind...

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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Zzyzx11 | Talk 22:45, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Looking for articles to work on?
Hello, Trwier. I'm SuggestBot, a Wikipedia bot that helps new members contribute to Wikipedia. You might like to edit these articles I picked for you based on things you've edited in the past. Check it out -- I hope you find it useful. -- SuggestBot 15:38, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

Ancient Greek Wikisource
I understand from your userboxes you're interested in Ancient Greek. I've submitted a proposal to add an Ancient Greek Wikisource on Meta, and I'd be very grateful if you could assist me by either voting in Support of the proposal, or even adding your name as one of the contributors in the template. (NB: I'm posting this to a lot of people, so please reply to my talkpage or to Meta) --Nema Fakei 20:10, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

Georgian reports of early IYPTs
Dear Thomas,

Can I ask you for a little assistance?

I am very interested in contributing to the article International Young Physicists' Tournament, namely to the sections that clarify the history of that competition in 1988 - 1996.

It seems that very little information is known about these years. At least, almost nothing is available in Slavic languages, in Hungarian and in English that were among spoken languages at the IYPTs in those days.

I have just found an article in Georgian language that seems to report the participants, schedules and winners (from 1992):

http://www.vekua42.edu.ge/IYPT/IYPT-International.htm

Please, could I ask your help in translating the reports of 1992-1996 into English? Only factual information (days, months, years, names of the participating countries and winners) is necessary.

It would be a really invaluable contribution. Thank you in advance. --Ilya Martchenko 00:48, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

 * The translation is already done. Best regards and happy holidays. :-) --Ilya Martchenko 19:26, 26 December 2007 (UTC)

File:Le Concours de Chateaux de Sable.JPG listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Le Concours de Chateaux de Sable.JPG, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Calliopejen1 (talk) 21:57, 21 February 2010 (UTC)

WikiProject Theoretical Linguistics
Hello, I am trying to bring WP:WikiProject Theoretical Linguistics back to semi-active status. Toward that end, I have moved all members who have not posted to the project page in the past six months to a section, "Inactive members." If you wish to be active in the project, I hope you will move your name back to the section, "Members." You may also remove your name if you are no longer interested in the project. Thanks, and happy editing, Cnilep (talk) 17:43, 19 June 2010 (UTC)

Population update project
Hi. The 18th edition of Ethnologue just came out, and if we divide up our language articles among us, it won't take long to update them. I would appreciate it if you could help out, even if it's just a few articles (5,000 articles is a lot for just me), but I won't be insulted if you delete this request.

A largely complete list of articles to be updated is at Category:Language articles citing Ethnologue 17. The priority articles are in Category:Language articles with old Ethnologue 17 speaker data. These are the 10% that have population figures at least 25 years old.

Probably 90% of the time, Ethnologue has not changed their figures between the 17th and 18th editions, so all we need to do is change "e17" to "e18" in the reference (ref) field of the language info box. That will change the citation for the artcle to the current edition. Please put the data in the proper fields, or the info box will flag it as needing editorial review. The other relevant fields are "speakers" (the number of native speakers in all countries), "date" (the date of the reference or census that Ethnologue uses, not the date of Ethnologue!), and sometimes "speakers2". Our convention has been to enter e.g. "1990 census" when a census is used, as other data can be much older than the publication date. Sometimes a citation elsewhere in the article depends on the e17 entry, in which case you will need to change "name=e17" to "name=e18" in the reference tag (assuming the 18th edition still supports the cited claim).

Remember, we want the *total* number of native speakers, which is often not the first figure given by Ethnologue. Sometimes the data is too incompatible to add together (e.g. a figure from the 1950s for one country, and a figure from 2006 for another), in which case it should be presented that way. That's one use for the "speakers2" field. If you're not sure, just ask, or skip that article.

Data should not be displayed with more than two, or at most three, significant figures. Sometimes it should be rounded off to just one significant figure, e.g. when some of the component data used by Ethnologue has been approximated with one figure (200,000, 3 million, etc.) and the other data has greater precision. For example, a figure of 200,000 for one country and 4,230 for another is really just 200,000 in total, as the 4,230 is within the margin of rounding off in the 200,000. If you want to retain the spurious precision of the number in Ethnologue, you might want to use the sigfig template. (First parameter in this template is for the data, second is for the number of figures to round it off to.)

Dates will often need to be a range of all the country data in the Ethnologue article. When entering the date range, I often ignore dates from countries that have only a few percent of the population, as often 10% or so of the population isn't even separately listed by Ethnologue and so is undated anyway.

If Ethnologue does not provide a date for the bulk of the population, just enter "no date" in the date field. But if the population figure is undated, and hasn't changed between the 17th & 18th editions of Ethnologue, please leave the ref field set to "e17", and maybe add a comment to keep it so that other editors don't change it. In cases like this, the edition of Ethnologue that the data first appeared in may be our only indication of how old it is. We still cite the 14th edition in a couple dozen articles, so our readers can see that the data is getting old.

The articles in the categories linked above are over 90% of the job. There are probably also articles that do not currently cite Ethnologue, but which we might want to update with the 18th edition. I'll need to generate another category to capture those, probably after most of the Ethnologue 17 citations are taken care of.

Jump in at the WP:LANG talk page if you have any comments or concerns. Thanks for any help you can give!

— kwami (talk) 02:13, 4 March 2015 (UTC)

Wikipedia:WikiProject United States/The 50,000 Challenge
--MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 02:42, 8 November 2016 (UTC)

2019 US Banknote Contest
Sent by ZLEA at 23:30, 19 October 2019 (UTC) via MediaWiki message delivery (talk)

title: User talk:Trwier


text:
User talk:67.173.107.96

Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia! You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikipedia, but creating an account is quick, free and non-intrusive, requires you to provide no personal information, and gives you many benefits, including:
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We hope that you choose to become a Wikipedian and create an account.

Zzyzx11 | Talk 22:45, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Athlete stub articles
Hi!

Glad to see you're creating new articles about athletes. While you've been tagging many of those articles with (and the effort is appreciated), you might consider using the more precise  tag instead. The articles should be more likely to receive care and attention from appropriately specialized editors.

Happy editing. --TenOfAllTrades (talk/contrib) 18:12, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Please close the brackets of birth dates after hockey plaeys' names. eg. Wayne Gretzky (born June 5, 1965). Simple, but crucial to do. Harro5 02:23, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)

Manchester United/History of Manchester United
Hi,

I noticed you'd been working on Man United-related pages and could do with your opinion on something.

The history section was split out of the page last year (I think) but someone then wrote another history section in the main page. Both pages are now well over the recommended maximum size for a Wikipedia article, and it's getting to the stage where I suspect people are editing them without reading them all the way through (which would explain why the Glazer takeover is mentioned twice in Manchester United, in roughly the same amount of detail each time.

So, my idea is to create new pages for different eras in United's history, merge the relevant bits of Alex Ferguson, History of Manchester United and the History section of Manchester United into each new page and put summaries of each new page on Manchester United, with comments asking people not to make the summaries too long. The new articles would have titles like:

 * Manchester United pre-1945
 * Manchester United 1945-1968
 * Manchester United 1968-1986
 * Manchester United 1986-present

I think something like this is necessary to keep the pages manageable, but obviously don't want to make such big changes to other people's work without hearing what people think first. Please let me know what you think, at the Manchester United talk page.

Thanks, Cantthinkofagoodname 11:09, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

Hermosillo Seris
Do you have any idea what a Seri is? RickK 22:28, May 30, 2005 (UTC)

One Line Entries
Just something to think about. Adding a bunch of one line entries is considered bad form because it causes more work as often if something is only one line it gets deleted because its not considered important enough if it only has one line entered. Another thing to consider with it is lots of people use the red links (indicating no article) as a way to know what they should work on and if you have created a tiny one line article they don't know that it needs to be worked on. Would be a great help to add a little more detail than just one sentence like I noticed in some of the ABA team articles. Anyways great to see someone new in the community that is so enthusiatic! Keep it up! --Djsasso 22:32, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

Team_Hawaii
I have added a "" template to the article Team_Hawaii, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached.--Parker007 19:26, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Portland Reign
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Portland Reign, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process
 * Unnotable basketball team

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Speedy deletion nomination of Corey Bradford
A tag has been placed on Corey Bradford requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for biographies. You may also wish to consider using a Wizard to help you create articles - see the Article Wizard.

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Proposed deletion of Daytona Beach Hawgs

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Proposed deletion of The Cards Against Humanity Baseball Place

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735th top contributer by article count! (Top IP contributer by article count)
Congratulations to being Wikipedia's top IP contributer and 735th overall contributer (by article count; 1 May, 2022 update)! 209.212.1.162 (talk) 17:49, 3 May 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:67.173.107.96


text:
San Marino at the 1992 Summer Olympics

San Marino competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. Seventeen competitors, sixteen men and one woman, took part in fifteen events in seven sports.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Archery
In its debut Olympic archery competition, San Marino was represented by one man. He did not advance to the elimination rounds.

Athletics
Men's 100m metres
 * Dominique Canti
 * Heat — 11.14 (→ did not advance)

Men's 4 × 100 m metres Relay
 * Nicola Selva, Manlio Molinari, Dominique Canti, and Aldo Canti
 * Heat — 42.08 (→ did not advance)

Men's Marathon
 * Gian Luigi Macina
 * Final — 2:30.45 (66)

Cycling
One male cyclist represented San Marino in 1992.

 * Men's road race
 * Guido Frisoni

Swimming
Men's 50m Freestyle
 * Filippo Piva
 * Heat – 26.41 (→ did not advance, 66th place)
 * Roberto Pellandra
 * Heat – 26.51 (→ did not advance, 67th place)

Men's 200m Freestyle
 * Daniele Casadei
 * Heat – 2:06.14 (→ did not advance, 52nd place)

Men's 100m Breaststroke
 * Danilo Zavoli
 * Heat – 1:09.65 (→ did not advance, 50th place)

Men's 200m Breaststroke Women's 50m Freestyle
 * Danilo Zavoli
 * Heat – 2:34.87 (→ did not advance, 47th place)
 * Sara Casadei
 * Heat – 30.05 (→ did not advance, 49th place)

Tennis
Men's Doubles Competition
 * Christian Forcellini and Gabriel Francini
 * First round — Lost to Anastasios Bavelas and Konstantinos Efraimoglou (Greece) 1–6, 1–6, 2-6

title: San Marino at the 1992 Summer Olympics