text:
3rd Mountain Division (Wehrmacht)

The 3rd Mountain Division (3. Gebirgs-Division) was a formation of the German Wehrmacht during World War II. It was created from the Austrian Army's 5th and 7th Divisions following the Anschluss in 1938.

History
The division took part in the Invasion of Poland 1939 as part of Army Group South, but was transferred to garrison the West Wall before the end of the campaign. In 1940 it joined the invasion of Norway, most famously sending its 139th Mountain Regiment under General Eduard Dietl to seize the ice-free Arctic port of Narvik. The Allies briefly managed to take the town back, but abandoned it to the Germans after the invasion of France.

In 1941 the division moved into Lapland to participate in Operation Silberfuchs, the attack on the Soviet Arctic as part of Operation Barbarossa, but failed to capture Murmansk. The division was withdrawn to Germany for rehabilitation at the end of the year, but left its 139th Mountain Infantry Regiment behind to operate independently. After rehabilitation, the division returned to Norway in 1942, where it served as a reserve. It was then transferred to the Eastern Front, where it served as a reserve for Army Group North near Leningrad. In November 1942 it was committed to the front where the Soviets had surrounded Velikiye Luki, and then transferred to the far south to help in the attempt to relieve Stalingrad. It fought the remainder of the war in the south, retreating with the front lines through Ukraine, Hungary, Slovakia, and finally surrendering to the Soviets in Silesia at the end of the war.

On 1 January 1945, the 3rd Mountain Division (then under Army Group Heinrici of Army Group A) had a strength of 9,805 men.

Organization
Organization of the Division:

Commanders

 * Generaloberst Eduard Dietl  (1938 – 14 June 1940)
 * General der Gebirgstruppe Julius Ringel  (14 June 1940 – 23 October 1940)
 * General der Gebirgstruppe Hans Kreysing  (23 October 1940 – 10 August 1943)
 * Generalleutnant Egbert Picker  (10 August 1943 – 26 August 1943)
 * General der Infanterie Siegfried Rasp  (26 August 1943 – 10 September 1943)
 * Generalleutnant Egbert Picker  (10 September 1943 – 29 September 1943)
 * Generalleutnant August Wittmann  (29 September 1943 – 3 July 1944)
 * Generalleutnant Paul Klatt  (3 July 1944 – 8 May 1945)

title: 3rd Mountain Division (Wehrmacht)


text: User talk:70.248.185.97

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:70.248.185.97


text:
Tweekend

Tweekend is the second studio album by American electronic music duo the Crystal Method, released on July 31, 2001, by Outpost Recordings and Geffen Records. The album title is derived from the demise of the West Coast rave scene in the late 1990s and 2000s.

The album features the single "Name of the Game", which has been featured in many films, television series and commercials. The other two singles from the album were "Murder" and "Wild, Sweet and Cool".

Commercial performance
Tweekend debuted at number 32 on the Billboard 200 in the United States, Crystal Method's highest position on that chart in their history. It also debuted at number 6 on the Canadian Albums Chart, selling 9,603 copies in its first week.

Track listing
N.B.: Track 11 Contains a hidden track with a remix of "Name of the Game", after one minute of silence from Tough Guy.

Personnel

 * Track 2 and 5: guitars by Tom Morello.
 * Track 4: vocals by Scott Weiland, guitars by Doug Grean.
 * Track 5: scratching by DJ Swamp.
 * Track 5 and 7: vocals by Ryan "Ryu" Maginn.
 * Track 8: vocals by Julie Gallios.

Note: Alternate versions of this album have "Murder" and "Over the Line" switched around.

The album was packaged with a bonus disc for the Australian/New Zealand tour with the track listing

 * 1) "Busy Child (Überzone Mix)"
 * 2) "Name of the Game (Hybrid Blackout in LA Mix)"
 * 3) "Name of the Game (Eric Kupper's Deep Dub Mix)"
 * 4) "You Know It's Hard (John Creamer & Stephane K Mix)"
 * 5) "You Know It's Hard (Dub Pistols Dub Mix)"
 * 6) "You Know It's Hard (Koma and Bones Mix)"

Cover art
The cover is a direct homage to the album art of the Supertramp album Crisis? What Crisis?

In popular culture

 * "Name of the Game" was featured in various media, including feature films, television shows, video games, and commercials.
 * "Roll It Up" has been used in Nissan and Adidas ads, an episode of Dark Angel, the film Zoolander, and the 2005 remake of The Longest Yard. It was also one of the main themes of the original Xbox game Mad Dash Racing, in the intro of the Jacksonville Chicago matchup on the NFL on CBS week 17 January 6, 2002. Moreover, it was used in Fast & Furious 6 (2013) during the introduction to Letty scene in London.
 * "The Winner" was featured in the video games FreQuency and NBA Live 2002, the television series Dark Angel finale episode "Freak Nation", and as the theme song for the former Cedar Point roller coaster Wicked Twister.
 * "Wild, Sweet Cool" was used in various promo spots for the 2002 Winter Olympics.
 * Selected tracks from this album were used in the Columbo episode "Columbo Likes the Nightlife" (2003).

title: Tweekend


text:
User talk:Manualph

Please stop removing the copyvio notice from S-400. The page text is a copyright violation and has to be dealt with accordingly, and constantly removing the notice is not going to change that. Thanks, Ferkelparade π 09:29, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Alright, once again: Do Not remove copyvio notices from articles. Continuing to do so will be considered vandalism and will be dealt with accordingly. Thanks, Ferkelparade π 10:04, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Hi Manualph, thanks for replying on my talk page. On the S-400 article: for one thing, the new article you have submitted looks very similar to one I found at globalsecutity.com - there's nothing wrong with using external sources as a basis for articles, but the information from that article should be rewritten in your own words so as not to look too much like a copyright violation. The other thing is that the original article was clearly a copyright violation - in such a case, we have an established procedure that involves checking if maybe the original poster had permission to submit the material and otherwise deleting the article. If you want to start a new article without copyrighted text, you'll have to do so at the article's Temp subpage, as indicated on the copyvio notice. Thanks for your consideration, Ferkelparade π 10:59, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Image:Pope-shot-26.jpg

 * I have relisted this image, as for some reason it was tagged PD due to age, which it is clear not. This tagging was not by you, but I figured I would mention it. Burgundavia (✈ take a flight?) 03:07, May 30, 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Pope shot.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Pope shot.jpg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the image qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. —  THOR  =/\= 13:13, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Pope shot.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Pope shot.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. —  THOR  =/\= 13:13, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

December 2012
Your addition to Joseph of Cupertino has been removed, as it appears to have added copyrighted material to Wikipedia without permission from the copyright holder. If you are the copyright holder, please read Donating copyrighted materials for more information on uploading your material to Wikipedia. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted text, or images borrowed from other websites, or printed material without a verifiable license; such additions will be deleted. You may use external websites or publications as a source of information, but not as a source of article content, such as sentences or images—you must write using your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. Moonriddengirl (talk) 13:49, 11 December 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Manualph


text:
Milestones (Miles Davis album)

Milestones is a studio album by Miles Davis. It was recorded with his "first great quintet" augmented as a sextet and released in 1958 by Columbia Records.

Composition
Tenor saxophonist John Coltrane's return to Davis' group in 1958 coincided with the "modal phase" albums: Milestones and Kind of Blue (1959) are both considered essential examples of 1950s modern jazz. Davis at this point was experimenting with modes – scale patterns other than major and minor.

Davis plays both trumpet and piano on "Sid's Ahead", a blues which is reminiscent of "Walkin'" that Davis had recorded under the title "Weirdo" for Blue Note in 1954. He plays trumpet in the ensemble passages and solos on trumpet but moves to the piano to accompany the saxophonists and Paul Chambers's bass solo in the absence of pianist Red Garland. "Billy Boy" is a solo feature for Garland and the rhythm section.

Critical reception
In a five-star review, AllMusic's Thom Jurek called Milestones a classic album with blues material in both bebop and post-bop veins, as well as the "memorable" title track, which introduced modalism in jazz and defined Davis' subsequent music in the years to follow. Andy Hermann of PopMatters felt that the album offers more aggressive swinging than Kind of Blue and showcases the first session between saxophonists Coltrane and Cannonball Adderley, whose different styles "feed off each other and push each musician to greater heights." Jim Santella of All About Jazz said that the quality of the personnel Davis enlisted was "the very best", even though the sextet was short-lived, and that Milestones is "a seminal album that helped shape jazz history."

The Penguin Guide to Jazz selected the album as part of its suggested "Core Collection", calling it "one of the very great modern-jazz albums."

Stereo remix and remaster
Milestones was originally released in mono, as well as in electronically re-channeled stereo (also called pseudo-stereo). The album was remixed and remastered in stereo for The Complete Columbia Recordings of Miles Davis with John Coltrane and, in 2001, reissued in stereo on the Columbia/Legacy label.

Track listing

 * Side one
 * 1) "Dr. Jekyll" (titled "Dr. Jackle" on later LP and CD releases) – 5:55 (Jackie McLean)
 * 2) "Sid's Ahead" – 13:13 (Miles Davis)
 * 3) "Two Bass Hit" – 5:19 (John Lewis, Dizzy Gillespie)

 * Side two
 * 1) "Miles" (titled "Milestones" on later LP and CD releases) – 5:49 (Davis)
 * 2) "Billy Boy" – 7:19 (Traditional; arranged by Ahmad Jamal)
 * 3) "Straight, No Chaser" – 10:41 (Thelonious Monk)

 * Sides one and two were combined as tracks 1–6 on CD reissues.
 * CD reissue bonus tracks
 * 1) "Two Bass Hit" (alternate take) – 4:29
 * 2) "Milestones" (alternate take) – 5:58
 * 3) "Straight, No Chaser" (alternate take) – 10:28

Tracks 3–9 recorded on February 4, 1958; tracks 1–2 recorded on March 4, 1958.

Personnel

 * Miles Davis – trumpet, piano (on "Sid's Ahead"), flugelhorn (on "Milestones")
 * Julian "Cannonball" Adderley – alto saxophone
 * John Coltrane – tenor saxophone
 * Red Garland – piano (except on "Sid's Ahead")
 * Paul Chambers – double bass
 * Philly Joe Jones – drums

title: Milestones (Miles Davis album)


text: User talk:62.212.230.15

title: User talk:62.212.230.15


text:
List of roads in Metro Manila

This list of roads in Metro Manila summarizes the major thoroughfares and the numbering system currently being implemented in Metro Manila, Philippines.

Metro Manila's major road network comprises six circumferential roads and ten radial roads connecting the cities of Caloocan, Las Piñas, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Manila, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Parañaque, Pasay, Pasig, Quezon City, San Juan, Taguig, and Valenzuela, and the municipality of Pateros.

Route classification
This list only covers roads that are listed on the Department of Public Works and Highways's Infrastructure Atlas, as well as the previous circumferential and radial road system prior to 2014, and other notable roads in the metro. These road classifications are defined as follows:
 * National Primary Roads – Contiguous road sections extending that connect major cities. Primary roads make up the main trunk line or backbone of the national road system.
 * National secondary roads – Roads that directly connect major ports, major ferry terminals, major airports, tourist service centers, and major government infrastructure to national primary roads.

Both primary and secondary roads may be designated as bypass or diversion roads, which divert through traffic away from city or municipal business centers with affirmative feasibility studies, or roads that would connect or fill the gap between adjoining national roads.

 * National tertiary roads – Other existing roads under the Department of Public Works and Highways that perform a local function.

Any roads not classified as mational primary, national secondary, or national tertiary may be classified as follows:

 * Expressways – Controlled-access highways or limited-access roads, normally with interchanges that may include facilities for levying tolls for passage in an open or closed system.
 * Provincial roads – Roads that connect barangays through rural areas, major provincial government infrastructure, and/or cities and municipalities without traversing any national roads.
 * Municipal and city roads – Roads within a poblacion or roads that connect provincial and national roads or provide inter-barangay connections to major municipal and city infrastructure without traversing provincial roads
 * Barangay roads – Any other public roads within a barangay not covered by other classifications.

Additional classifications are unclassified roads, road not yet given official classification, and private roads, roads that are maintained by private entities and may have access restrictions.

Circumferential and radial roads
The first road numbering system in the Philippines was adapted in 1940 by the administration of President Manuel Quezon, and was very much similar to U.S. Highway numbering system. Portions of it are 70 roads labeled Highway 1 to Highway 60. Some parts of the numbering system are Admiral Dewey Boulevard (Highway 1), Calle Manila (Highway 50) and 19 de Junio (Highway 54).

In 1945, the Metropolitan Thoroughfare Plan was submitted by Quezon City planners Louis Croft and Antonio Kayanan which proposed the laying of 10 radial roads, which purposes in conveying traffic in and out of the city of Manila to the surrounding cities and provinces, and the completion of six Circumferential Roads, that will act as beltways of the city, forming altogether a web-like arterial road system. The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) is the government agency that deals with these projects.

The road numbering for radial roads are R-1 up to R-10. The radial roads never intersect one another and they do not intersect circumferential roads twice; hence they continue straight routes leading out from the city of Manila to the provinces. The numbering is arranged in a counter-clockwise pattern, wherein the southernmost is R-1 and the northernmost is R-10. Circumferential roads are numbered C-1 to C-6, the innermost beltway is C-1, while the outermost is C-6.

Radial roads
There are ten radial roads that serves the purpose of conveying traffic in and out of the city of Manila to the surrounding cities of the metropolis and to the provinces, numbered in a counter clockwise pattern. All radial roads starts at Kilometer Zero, demarked by a marble marcos across the Rizal Monument in Rizal Park along Roxas Boulevard.

Circumferential roads
There are six circumferential roads around the City of Manila that acts as beltways for the city. The first two runs inside the City of Manila, while the next three runs outside the City of Manila. All are beltways around Intramuros.

Highway network
The radial and circumferential road numbers are being supplanted by a new highway number system, which the Department of Public Works and Highways have laid out in 2014. The new system classifies the national roads or highways as national primary roads, national secondary roads, and national tertiary roads. Primary national roads are numbered with one to two-digit numbers. Secondary national roads are assigned three-digit numbers, with the first digit being the number of the principal national road of the region. Secondary national roads around Manila mostly connect to N1 and are numbered with 100-series numbers.

Expressway network
Expressways are assigned with numbers with an E prefix to avoid confusion with numbered national roads. The network consists of controlled-access highways and limited-access roads, with crossing traffic limited to overpasses, underpasses, and interchanges. Some existing expressways serving Metro Manila also form part of the latter's arterial road network (see the list above).

Other major roads
Many other streets in the metropolis are considered major roads. Only Dr. Arcadio Santos Avenue (Sucat Road or N63) is designated a primary national road that is not part of the arterial road system. Roads with 3-number designations are secondary national roads.

This list only covers roads that are listed as National Primary, National Secondary, or National Tertiary Roads on the Department of Public Works and Highways's Infrastructure Atlas or are considered as notable roads for the specific city or municipality.

Quezon City

 * N.S. Amoranto Sr. Avenue (formerly called Retiro)
 * Balete Drive (New Manila neighborhood of Quezon City)
 * Banawe Street (Santa Mesa Heights neighborhood of Quezon City)
 * Batasan Road (Batasan Hills, Quezon City)
 * Batasan-San Mateo Road (Batasan Road in Quezon City to San Mateo, Rizal)
 * Broadway Avenue – (formerly Doña Juana Rodriguez; New Manila neighborhood of Quezon City)
 * Bonny Serrano Avenue (formerly called Santolan Road; Katipunan Avenue to Ortigas Avenue) – N185
 * D. Tuazon Street (Sgt. Rivera to E. Rodriguez Sr. Avenue in Quezon City)
 * Del Monte Avenue (San Francisco del Monte neighborhood of Quezon City)
 * Don A. Roces Avenue (Quezon Avenue to Tomas Morato in Quezon City)
 * Doña Hemady Avenue (N. Domingo to E. Rodriguez, Sr. Ave.; New Manila neighborhood of Quezon City)
 * East Avenue (Diliman neighborhood of Quezon City) – N174
 * Eulogio Rodriguez Sr. Avenue (Welcome Rotunda to Cubao District of Quezon City)
 * General Luis Street (Novaliches) - N118
 * Gilmore Avenue (New Manila neighborhood of Quezon City)
 * Greenmeadows Avenue (C5 to Ortigas Avenue)
 * Kalayaan Avenue (Elliptical Road to Kamias Road)
 * Kamias Road (EDSA to Kalayaan Avenue)
 * Mayon Street (La Loma neighborhood of Quezon City)
 * Mindanao Avenue (Regalado to Commonwealth Avenue; not to be confused with Mindanao Avenue of C-5 Road)
 * North Avenue (Project 6 neighborhood of Quezon City) – N173
 * Regalado Avenue (North Fairview District)
 * Regalado Highway (Commonwealth Avenue to Quirino Highway in Fairview District, Quezon City)
 * Roosevelt Avenue (Quezon Avenue to EDSA in Quezon City)
 * Susano Road (Novaliches)
 * Timog Avenue (Barangay Laging Handa of Quezon City; Timog is Tagalog for "south") – N172
 * Times Street (Barangay West Triangle; exclusive neighborhood of Quezon City)
 * Tomas Morato Avenue (ABS-CBN Compound in South Triangle to E. Rodriguez Sr. Avenue in Quezon City)
 * Visayas Avenue (Quezon Memorial Circle to Tandang Sora Avenue in Quezon City)
 * West Avenue (Project 7 neighborhood of Quezon City) – N171
 * White Plains Avenue (Temple Drive to EDSA)
 * Zabarte Road (Quirino Highway to Caloocan)

Caloocan

 * South Caloocan
 * 5th Avenue – N130
 * 10th Avenue
 * A. Mabini Street
 * Samson Road – N120
 * North Caloocan
 * Camarin Road
 * Deparo Road
 * Susano Road
 * Zabarte Road

Malabon

 * Governor Pascual Avenue
 * Paterio Aquino Avenue

Navotas

 * North Bay Boulevard

Valenzuela

 * General Luis Street - N118
 * Maysan Road – N118

Pateros

 * B. Morcilla Street (Pateros town proper)
 * Jose P. Rizal Avenue Extension (also known as Guadalupe-Pateros Road)
 * M. Almeda Street (Gen. Luna Street in Taguig to R. Jabson Street in Pasig)
 * P. Rosales Street (going to Tipas area in Taguig)

Taguig

 * 5th Avenue (Bonifacio Global City)
 * 8th Avenue (Bonifacio Global City)
 * 11th Avenue (Bonifacio Global City)
 * 26th Street (Bonifacio Global City)
 * 32nd Street (Bonifacio Global City)
 * 38th Street (Bonifacio Global City)
 * Arca Boulevard
 * Bagong Calzada Street
 * Bayani Road
 * Cayetano Boulevard
 * Carlos P. Garcia Avenue/C-5 Road
 * General Luna Street
 * General Santos Avenue
 * Lawton Avenue
 * Le Grande Avenue (Bonifacio Capital District)
 * McKinley Parkway (Bonifacio Global City)
 * McKinley Road (Bonifacio Global City to Makati CBD)
 * Maria Rodriguez Tinga Avenue
 * Manuel L. Quezon Street
 * South Luzon Expressway
 * University Parkway (Bonifacio Global City)
 * Upper McKinley Road (Bonifacio Capital District)

title: List of roads in Metro Manila


text:
Li Ang (writer)

Shih Shu-tuan (born 5 April 1952, in Lukang, Taiwan), pen name Li Ang, is a Taiwanese feminist writer. After graduating from Chinese Culture University with a degree in philosophy, she studied drama at the University of Oregon, after which she returned to teach at her alma mater. Her major work is The Butcher's Wife (殺夫: 1983, tr. 1986), though she has written many other novels. Feminist themes and sexuality are present in much of her work. Many of her stories are set in Lukang.

Career
The Butcher's Wife is critical of traditional Chinese patriarchy. The heroine is sold by her dead father's brother into marriage with a brutal butcher much older than she. He dominates her sexually and takes pleasure in frightening her in various ways, including a visit to the slaughterhouse, after which the heroine in a disoriented state of mind murders him with a butcher's blade.

Li Ang is known for her idiosyncratic, candid and penetrating insights on gender politics in the social life in contemporary Taiwan. Beginning her writing career at the age of 16, she has published nearly twenty novels and collections of short stories centering on women in such topics as pubescent female psychosexuality, feminism and gender, sex and female subjectivity. Her bold and successive broaching of subjects bordering on the taboo within the cultural context of Taiwan has earned her extensive critical acclaim both in the world of Chinese letters and internationally. Translated into different languages and published worldwide, many of her works have been reviewed by leading newspapers in many countries, including The New York Times, and made into films and T.V. series. In 2004, Li Ang was awarded the “Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres” by the French Minister of Culture and Communication in recognition of her outstanding contribution to world literature.

Works
This is a complete list of Li Ang's works published in Taiwan as well as the English translations of her work.

Novels

 * 1977 《人間世》The Secular World (Taipei: Dahan Publisher)
 * 1982 《愛情試驗》Test of Love (Taipei: Hongfan Bookstore)
 * 1983 《殺夫：鹿城故事》The Butcher’s Wife (Taipei: Linking Books)
 * 1984 《她們的眼淚》Their Tears (Taipei: Hongfan Bookstore)
 * 1985 《花季》Flower Season (Taipei: Hongfan Bookstore)
 * 1985 《暗夜》Dark Night (Taipei: China Times Publisher)
 * 1986 《一封未寄的情書》A Love Letter Never Sent (Taipei: Hongfan Bookstore)
 * 1988 《年華》The Best Years (Taipei: Hongfan Bookstore)
 * 1991 《迷園》Mysterious Garden (Taipei: Maotun famai Co.)
 * 1991 《甜美生活》Sweet Life (Taipei: Hongfan Bookstore)
 * 1992 《李昂集》Selected Works by Li Ang (Taipei: Avanguard)
 * 1997 《北港香爐人人插：戴貞操帶的魔鬼系列》Beigang Incense Burner of Lust: The Devil with a Chastity Belt Series (Taipei: Rye Field Publishing Co)
 * 1999 《禁色的暗夜：李昂情色小說集》The Dark Night of Forbidden Desire (Taipei: Crown Publisher)
 * 2000 《自傳の小說》Autobiography: A Novel (Taipei: Crown Publisher)
 * 2004 《看得見的鬼》Visible Ghosts (Taipei: Unitas Publisher)
 * 2005 《花間迷情》Bewitching Love (Taipei: Locus Publishing)
 * 2007 《鴛鴦春膳》An Erotic Feast for Lovebirds (Taipei: Unitas Publisher)
 * 2009 《七世姻緣之台灣／中國情人》Marriage in Seven Lives: Entangled Love Affairs of Taiwanese Mainlander (Taiepei: Linking Books)
 * 2011 《附身》Possession (Taipei: Chiuko)
 * 2014 《路邊甘蔗眾人啃》Everyone Takes a Bite out of Roadside Sugarcanes (Taipei: Chiuko)

Prose

 * 1987 《貓咪與情人》A Stray Cat and a Lover (Taipei: China Times Publisher)
 * 2000 《漂流之旅》Drifting Voyageur (Taipei: Crown Publisher)
 * 2002 《愛吃鬼》Gourmand (Taipei: Yifan)
 * 2009 《愛吃鬼的華麗冒險》The Splendid Adventure of a Gourmand (Taipei: Route Culture Co.)
 * 2013 《愛吃鬼的祕徑：李昂帶路的美食奇妙之旅》A Gourmand’s Secret Footpath (Taipei: Route Culture Co.)
 * 2014 《李昂的獨嘉美食》Li Ang’s Exclusive Chiayi Cuisines (Chiayi: Cultural Bureau of Chiayi City)

Other works

 * 1976 《群像─中國當代藝術家訪問》Group of Characters (Taipei: Dahan Publisher)(interview collection)
 * 1984 《女性的意見》Women’s Opinions (Taipei: China Times Publisher)(newspaper column collection)
 * 1985 《外遇》Extra-Marital Affairs (Taipei: China Times Publisher)(Fieldwork report)
 * 1986 《走出暗夜》Walking Out of the Dark Night (Taipei: Avanguard)(newspaper column collection)
 * 1989 《水鬼城煌》City God: The Water Spirit (Taipei: Yuan-liu Publishing Co)(children's literature)
 * 1993 《懶人變猴子：賽夏族的故事》Lazy People Turn into Monkeys: Saisiat Folklore (Taipei: Yuan-liu Publishing Co.)(children's literature)
 * 1993 《施明德前傳》An Early Chapter of Shi Mingde’s Life (Taipei: Avanguard)(biography)
 * 1994 《李昂說情》Li Ang Talks about Love (Taipei: Maotun famai Co.)(newspaper column collection)

title: Li Ang (writer)


text:
Talk:Leslie Fiedler

Untitled
The quotation from the Writer's Almanac 2005 is from a copyright web page. please don't add such material to Wikipedia: we can't use it, and cleaning it up causes trouble.

Charles Matthews 09:35, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Miscellaneous Comments
1. sporadic, not sporatic.

2. "Fiedler was invited to Hollywood parties through his connections and was able to meet Burgess Meredith and Shirley MacLaine among others." This is silly.

3. Love and Death is not a deconstruction.

4. In the section on 'Drug charges', there are links to the University of Amsterdam and the University of Sussex. The problem with the the  prefix is that Wikipedia does not recognize that it already has articles about these institutions. I am not an experienced editor so could someone please correct this?

done point 4 --Jahsonic 17:01, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

Trolling? Not!
One editor accuses me of "trolling" on this page whereas I am only trying to make it neutral. readable and reliable. Previous to my edits it read like a gushing fan's page. I've tried to introduce a neutral tone and to remove hyperbolic, UNVERIFIED statements. It needs a vast number of citations, something I have tried to indicate. George Custer's Sabre (talk) 10:02, 24 September 2015 (UTC)

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Citations desperately needed
There are an alarming number of "citation needed" notes on this page. Surely this is the responsibility of the person who wrote the article? I can correct errors in spelling, punctuation, etc., but I am not prepared to do extensive research. Are there editors who enjoy or specialize in this sort of thing? If no one steps up, shouldn't the article be removed or heavily edited to remove the unsourced statements?

2601:5C2:200:59A8:41FB:8CDB:C551:B057 (talk) 05:35, 12 May 2019 (UTC) May 12, 2019
 * It is the responsibility of the person who put in the numerous cn notices to ensure that they are not in the references cited. In this case I believe they mostly are. There is a certain type of troll who makes mischief by going around putting cn notices everywhere and being too lazy to check them themself. Xxanthippe (talk) 05:51, 12 May 2019 (UTC).
 * A mention of his framed-up prosecution for drug offenses initiated by corrupt police in the sixties should be included. Xxanthippe (talk) 00:03, 8 January 2022 (UTC).

Removal of unreferenced material that has been tagged as requiring citations for almost three years
All the matetrial that I removed was unreferenced and tagged as such for almost three years (since September 2016)! For it to be replaced will require an editor to add reliable and published third-party sources. I deleted the material according to the WP:BURDEN and WP:NOCITE guidelines. According to the former (which also states that: "Any material lacking a reliable source directly supporting it may be removed and should not be restored without an inline citation to a reliable source"), the burden is not on me to provide the sources, but on any editor who wants to add the information again ("The burden to demonstrate verifiability lies with the editor who adds or restores material, and it is satisfied by providing an inline citation to a reliable source that directly supports the contribution"). Best regards, George Custer's Sabre 04:10, 22 May 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Leslie Fiedler


text:
Peter Dudley

Peter Dudley (21 June 1935 – 20 October 1983) was an English character actor best known for his role as Bert Tilsley in the ITV television series Coronation Street; a role he played continuously from 1979 until his death in 1983.

Early life and career
As a child, Dudley harboured a desire to become an actor, but after leaving school, he began his working life as a doffer in a local mill—but this job lasted only two days. He then took a job in a grocer's shop before he joined the Bolton Hippodrome where he stayed for six months. He then worked as a window dresser and a salesman before doing his national service with the army.

After leaving the army, Dudley returned to acting with the Oldham Repertory Company and at the University Theatre in Manchester. He also became a leading actor with Manchester's Library Theatre Company. He made his first appearances on Coronation Street in the late 1960s, first playing a waiter and later a delivery man. He appeared in a small part as a lorry driver in the film The Ragman's Daughter (1972) and on television in The Siege of Golden Hill (1975), Against The Crowd, Have Bird Will Travel, Here I Stand, Shabby Tiger, Strangers and Crown Court. He also played two further small roles in Coronation Street during this time, as Duggie Bowker in 1973 and as Donald Anderson in 1978. After these bit parts, he was eventually cast as series regular Bert Tilsley, appearing from January 1979 onwards. Bert was the husband of Ivy Tilsley (played by Lynne Perrie) and father of Brian Tilsley (played by Christopher Quinten).

Court case and decline in health
Dudley was openly gay to the cast and crew of Coronation Street. In 1981, he was observed exposing himself to another man in a public toilet in Didsbury, and was arrested and charged with importuning. Following the arrest, Coronation Street producer Bill Podmore allowed him to continue to appear in the series. Dudley pleaded guilty and was fined £200. Some months later, he was charged again with gross indecency for an alleged similar offence, though this time he claimed he was not guilty and had been set up by the police. He chose to be tried in the Crown Court rather than a magistrates' court, which prolonged the affair and made it highly public. A jury failed to agree on a verdict and the judge ordered a retrial. The strain became too much and Dudley suffered a stroke, losing much of the use of his left side, and briefly his speech. The retrial was postponed but the case kept open.

Dudley spent time in physiotherapy but wanted to continue to act in Coronation Street, so a storyline of Bert being injured in a compressor explosion in Brian's garage was devised. Although his disabilities were largely hidden, it was clear the actor was unwell. Dudley was then written out of the show in mid 1983 so that he could prepare for his pending retrial, but before the second trial was heard, he suffered two heart attacks and a further stroke. He died on 20 October 1983 in Salford Royal Hospital, at the age of 48. He was cremated at Blackley Crematorium, Manchester on 25 October 1983. Coincidentally, Dudley's co-star Lynne Perrie, who played his screen wife, was also briefly admitted to the same hospital after experiencing chest pains the day before he died. Later, upon learning of his death, she was said to be "devastated". Co-star Eileen Derbyshire, who played Emily Bishop in the series, stated she would remember Dudley as "full of vitality, fun and laughter, despite his personal problems."

title: Peter Dudley


text:
Category talk:Chess players

Untitled
Combining men and women players in one page was a terrible idea. I didn't realize just how bad until I just tried to gather certain data and had to wade through this artificial, and irrelevant, sorting to find the information. It may not matter to anyone not interested in chess, but to those of us who are, and that would be the vast majority of people who use this page, it matters a great deal.
 * Point taken, but the Category:Female chess players was deleted in regular process and replaced with List of female chess players. (I voted against this listification, but lost). Sjakkalle 10:08, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Wow that was a terrible idea. Female chessplayers should be a subcategory. If you can get a veto going to reverse that, let me know on my talk and you'll have my vote. --Malathion 5 July 2005 02:42 (UTC)

Categorization by nationality
Throughout the Sportspeople categories, I've been removing individuals from main listings and making sure they were under their nationalities instead. So now, for example, all individuals in Category:Snooker players are just listed under nationality rather than under the main listing. There's just two categories that I haven't turned my attention to, Category:Poker players and this one. I don't want to do anything to upset the distinctions you've drawn here, but is there a reason that, say, Isidor Gunsberg is listed both in the main listing and Category:Hungarian chess players? Please enlighten me.--Mike Selinker 19:08, 23 November 2005 (UTC)
 * On second thought, it's too confusing to attempt to determine who belongs on the main page and who doesn't. If someone else would like to attempt a categorization that removes all individuals from the main page (as with all other sportspeople categories), please do so. I don't have the knowledge to do it myself.--Mike Selinker 03:37, 26 November 2005 (UTC)

Deep Blue
Would Deep Blue qualify for this category? I understand that normally chess programs wouldn't be listed, but isn't Deep Blue a special case?

What about strong players before the GM title existed?
Since this category is limited to non-grandmasters, and FIDE first awarded the title in 1950. (I think the czar designated the first five finishers at a tournament circa 1910 as "grandmasters" (I think it was Lasker, Rubinstein, Marshall, Tarrasch, Capablanca or something like that -- maybe not Capa, I forget. Dunno if Wikipedia considers those five "grandmasters.") But in any event, the relative recency of the title means that people like Morphy and Steinitz are not in the categories for either grandmasters or chess players. This seems screwed up, although I'm not sure what to do about it.

 * Five chess masters who played in a final at Sankt Petersburg 1914 (1°Lasker, 2°Capablanca, 3°Aljechin (Alekhine), 4°Tarrasch, 5°Marshall) were awarded the Grandmaster title by tzar Nicolas II Romanov. Another, who played in first phase of the tournament (6°-7°Bernstein and Rubinstein, 8°Nimzowitsch, 9°-10°Blackburne and Janowski, 11°Gunsberg) - not.

It means that till 1950, only that Russian tzar is an authority for many chess formalists on the GM title. Mibelz 22:17, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

PockBot (run by IP:81.174.157.135) - Category articles summary as of 18:31:52, Sat Dec 16, 2006
 List of all pages in category Chess players retrieved by Chris G Bot 2. '''Chris G Bot 2 is an authorised bot. '''   Edit by PockBot (on behalf of PocklingtonDan)

Amateur chess players
This category was deleted, see Categories_for_discussion/Log/2021_November_5. – Fayenatic  L ondon 16:07, 15 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Chess players


text:
Uniform Driver Interface

The Uniform Driver Interface (UDI) is a defunct project developed by several companies to define a portable interface for device drivers.

The Uniform Driver Interface (UDI) allowed device drivers to be portable across both hardware platforms and operating systems without any changes to the driver source. With the participation of multiple OS, platform and device hardware vendors, UDI was intended to be the first interface which was likely to achieve such portability on a wide scale. UDI provided an encapsulating environment for drivers with well-defined interfaces which isolated drivers from OS policies and from platform and I/O bus dependencies. In principle, this allowed driver development to be totally independent of OS development. In addition, the UDI architecture was intended to insulate drivers from platform specifics such as byte-ordering, DMA implications, multi-processing, interrupt implementations and I/O bus topologies.

While UDI could potentially benefit open source operating systems such as Linux and *BSD by providing more driver support from companies, some open source/free software advocates feared that UDI would cause a proliferation of closed source drivers and a reduction in open source support by companies, undermining the purpose of the free software and open source movements. Richard Stallman (the leader of the free software movement) has claimed that the project does not benefit the free software movement.

title: Uniform Driver Interface


text: Category:Malian politicians

title: Category:Malian politicians


text:
Entwicklung series

The Entwicklung series (from German Entwicklung lit. 'development'), more commonly known as the E-Series, was a late-World War II attempt by Nazi Germany to produce a standardised series of tank designs. There were to be standard designs in five different weight classes (E-10, E-25, E-50, E-75 and E-100) from which several specialised variants were to be developed. Design standardisation was envisioned to bring improvements over extreme complexity of previous tank designs that resulted in poor production rates and mechanical unreliability.

Overview
The E-series designs were simpler, cheaper to produce and more efficient than their predecessors; however, they offered only modest improvements in armour and firepower over the designs they were intended to replace, such as the Jagdpanzer 38(t), Panther Ausf. G or Tiger II; and would have represented the final standardization of German armoured vehicle design. Indeed, nearly all of the E-series vehicles — up to and including the E-75 — were intended to use what were essentially the Tiger II's 80 centimeter steel-rimmed wheels for their suspension, meant to overlap each other (as on the later production Tiger and Panther tanks that also used them), abandoning the interleaved Schachtellaufwerk suspension that first appeared on German military half-tracks in the early 1930s.

Jagdpanzer E-10
Said to have been designed by the Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Magirus AG firm in Ulm, the E-10 project (development name: "Hetzer") was developed as a replacement for the Jagdpanzer 38(t). The name Hetzer was never officially used for the 38(t).

The designs based on this new chassis would all be in the 10 to 25 tonnes weight class, and using only four Tiger II-style but larger all-steel road wheels per side in an overlapping layout for its main "slack-track" suspension with no return rollers and a rear drive sprocket. Much simplified was the suspension, which was intended to be based on the concept of using conical-spring Belleville washers for the E-series AFVs as a whole. These were simply bolted on to the chassis and could be easily removed for repair or replacement. This suspension system was later used on the Swiss Panzer 61. A most interesting aspect was the ability to lower the hull by placing the pivot points of the suspension units higher in respect to the hull bottom; by not having torsion-bars occupying the entire hull planform in the lowermost interior areas of the hull, but via cranks driven by hydraulic actuators on the sides of the hull. This reduced the height of the vehicles from 176 cm to 140 cm.

The intention was to create several new light tank destroyers as a replacement for the Jagdpanzer 38(t), as well as a new family of gun platforms (Waffenträger) armed with heavy anti-tank guns. However, from September 1944 the design was abandoned in favour of a redesigned and enlarged Jagdpanzer 38(t), using German parts as opposed to the Czech parts for the Jagdpanzer 38(t). This new design was called Jagdpanzer 38D, and was to use a Tatra 12-cylinder air-cooled diesel engine similar to the one fitted to the Sd.Kfz. 234 'Puma'. None of these vehicles reached series production

Jagdpanzer E-25
The E-25 designs, in the 25-50 tonnes weight class, were to be the replacements of all Panzer III and Panzer IV based designs, with involvement of the Alkett, Argus, Adler and Porsche firms. This family would include medium reconnaissance vehicles, medium Jagdpanzer vehicles and heavy Waffenträger vehicles. All would use five Tiger II style road wheels but larger per side in a similar overlapping layout to the lighter E-10 suspension, as well as "slack-track" design and a rear drive sprocket. As main armament, a 75 mm Pak 42 L/70 was planned, with a possible MG in a small turret. Overall, this vehicle would have been similar to the Hetzer tank destroyer. The tank would have been very maneuverable, and due to its low profile, hard to spot on the battlefield.

E-50 Standardpanzer
The E-50 Standardpanzer was intended as a standard medium tank, replacing the Panther and Tiger I and the conversions based on these tanks. The E-50 hull was to be longer than the Panther, it was practically identical to the Tiger II in overall dimensions (except for the upper and lower glacis plate layout). Compared to those earlier designs however, the amount of drilling and machining involved in producing these Standardpanzer was reduced drastically, which would have made them quicker, easier and cheaper to produce, as would the proposed conical spring system, replacing their predecessors' torsion bar system which required a special steel alloy.

A new turret was to be designed for the E-50 and E-75, but drawings were never made and the turret was never even conceptualised. Armament was never confirmed in any design documents.

As indicated by its name, the weight of the E-50 was expected to fall between 50 and 75 tonnes. The engine was intended to be an improved Maybach HL234 with 900 hp. Maximum speed was supposed to be 60 km/h.

E-75 Standardpanzer
The E-75 Standardpanzer was intended to be the standard heavy tank as a replacement of the Tiger II and Jagdtiger. The E-75 would have been built on the same production lines as the E-50 for ease of manufacture, and the two vehicles were to share many components, including the same Maybach HL234 engine.

Compared to the Tiger II, the E-75 would have had much thicker armour. As its name indicates, the resulting vehicle would have weighed in at over 75 tonnes, reducing its speed to around 40 km/h. To offset the increased weight, the bogies were spaced differently than on the E-50, with an extra pair added on each side, giving the E-75 a slightly improved track to ground contact length. According to some sources, the similarities between the E-50 and the E-75 went further; they were to be equipped with the same turret and 88 mm L/71 cannon, along with an optical rangefinder for increased long-range accuracy (as the war drew to a close, German engineers designed the Schmalturm or narrow turret with infra-red lighting and sights for use on the prototype Panther Ausf. F).

However, other sources indicate that the E-75 was to be fitted with the much larger Tiger II turret, which could be adapted to mount an even more powerful high-velocity 105 mm cannon.

E-100

The earliest ancestor of the E-100 was the Tiger-Maus. It was supposed to be a simplified Maus. The Tiger-Maus was never built, but it was to use components from the Tiger I Ausf. H and a slightly modified turret from the Maus.

The E-100 was to be a superheavy combat tank designed to be the replacement for the prototype-only, Porsche-designed Maus. Development and building of a prototype E-100 started in 1944 but was largely abandoned after Adolf Hitler ordered an end to the development of the Maus.

Only the chassis was finished. It was taken to the United Kingdom for evaluation purposes and eventually scrapped.

During early development the Maus turret was planned for the E-100, but later a modified Maus II turret was proposed to have been used. It would have housed 128 mm KwK 44 L/55 (75 rounds) and a 7.5 cm KwK 37 L/24.

According to Panzer Tracts 6-3, there was a proposal for the 15 cm KwK 44 L/38 to be mounted on the E-100 as well. The US military magazine Armor reported in its January–February 1959 edition that a 150 mm cannon was considered for the E-100 during the Second World War. This was also reported by Anthony Tucker-Jones. According to Kenneth Estes, a 150 mm or even 170 mm gun was proposed for the E-100 but Estes reports that Dr Karl Jenschke, the Adler works technical director and chief constructor, considered this only possible on an assault gun variant of such a vehicle (Sturmgeschütz E100), because the turret space could not support such weapons.

Estes reports the following specifications for the E-100:
 * Crew: 6
 * Weight: 123.5 ton design
 * Power-to-weight ratio: 4.8
 * Length: 11.073 m overall (8.733 chassis)
 * Width: 4.48 m
 * Height: 3.375 m
 * Turret basket diameter: N/A
 * Engines: Maybach HL230 V-12 gasoline, 700 hp; the theoretical replacement was the experimental fuel-injected HL234 developing 900 hp, which never reached series production
 * Transmission: ZF Olvar pre-selector gearbox OG 40 12 16B; for the HL234 engine, a Mekydro transmission was specified
 * Fuel capacity: 2050 L internal
 * Max speed (road): 23 km/h
 * Max range: 160 km
 * Ground clearance: 0.5 m
 * Ground pressure: 1.26 kg/cm2 (17.93 psi)
 * Armament: 128 mm KwK 44 L/55, one 75 mm L/24, one MG-34. Elevation -7/+20 degrees. Ammunition stowage unknown.
 * Armour (mm/angle in degrees from vertical):
 * Hull front: 200/60 upper, 150/50 lower
 * Hull sides: 120/0
 * Hull rear: 150/30
 * Hull top: 40/90 forward
 * Hull bottom: 80/90 forward, 40/90 aft
 * Turret front: 200/30
 * Turret side: 80/29
 * Turret rear: 150/15
 * Turret roof: 40/90

Post-war development
After the war, the French designed and built the AMX-50 series of armoured fighting vehicles, which used a 1000 hp Maybach engine with rear drive, as had been intended for the E-50 and E-75, whilst the idea of external Belleville washer suspension - which was also developed with the Entwicklung series in mind - resurfaced on the Swiss Panzer 61.

title: Entwicklung series


text:
Kanhoji Jedhe

Kanhoji Naik-Jedhe Deshmukh was a 17th-century Marathi Sardar , and a trusted aide of Shahaji, and of Shahaji's son Shivaji Maharaj, who founded the Maratha Empire in 1646.

Kanhoji owned the entire 'Rohid Khora', which includes the forts of Raireshwar and Rohideshwar, in present-day Bhor taluka, near Pune. The administration was controlled from his native place Kaari. Kanhoji was of the same age of Shahaji. His eldest son Baji 'Sarjerao' Jedhe was two months older than Chhatrapati Shivaji. Shahaji sent Kanhoji along with the young Shivaji to Pune. Because of his high personal standing among the Jamindars, he helped Shivaji in organising most of them under his banner.

His actual testing time came when Afzal Khan, a Sardar sent by Bijapur court, came to attack Chhatrapati Shivaji. Adilshah threatened all the Deshmukhs of the Maval region to support Afzal or else perish. At the behest of Shivaji, Kanhoji convened a meeting of all the Deshmukhs (who had received similar threats from Adilshah) at his 'wadaa' at Kaari. Kanhoji not only stood by Shivaji, but inspired and motivated all the Deshmukhs to fight for Swaraj. He played a pivotal role in planning and executing the battle of Prataapgad which eventually led to the defeat of Afzal Khan's army. After Afzal was defeated soundly at the Battle of Pratapgad, Shivaji honored the loyalty and bravery of Kanhoji by awarding him talwarichya pahilya panache maankari (Sword of Honour).

Kanhoji Jedhe also played a pivotal part in bringing Shivaji back from Agra where he was under house arrest.

Descendants
In the 20th century, the descendants of Kanhoji Jedhe also played a leading role in the establishment of the State of Maharashtra; Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti, founded by Keshavrao Jedhe, led the demand for a Marathi-speaking state. Maharashtra was formed as a direct result of this Samiti; the Hutatma Chowk and Maharashtra Day commemorate the relentless efforts of the Jedhes.

title: Kanhoji Jedhe


text:
Talk:Brian Darling

Circulation of the memo is disputed
Darling admitted to writing the memo but not to circulating it. The matter of its circulation is disputed by Martinez who says that he had a single copy which he gave to Harkin. Some Democrats claimed that there was circulation of the memo among Republicans, which they deny. The distribution of the memo on the Senate floor is also argued to be a violation of its rules as well. I'm editing to state that the matter of its circulation remains disputed. If there's an admission forthcoming from Martinez or Darling regarding a different role in its circulation, then we will need to revisit this.

Newsbull is an advocacy site which presents the Republican version of the circulation dispute.--patsw 09:41, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * There is no dispute here. One year later, no evidence has surfaced that a Republican senator other than Martinez had a copy. I will edit the page accordingly.--24.55.228.56 14:51, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Brian Darling


text:
Template talk:TextLicenseFreeUse

Shouldn't it be "to all my text contributions on Wikipedia" instead? --cesarb 09:41, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The other multilicensing template don't seem to do this, but it doesn't hurt to be explicit. I wonder also whether this should apply to talk pages. Deco 22:44, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Better now, but some things still have to be done:
 * Perhaps it should be changed to English Wikipedia (sorry, I thought about it 1 minute after leaving).
 * A topic somewhere in the Village pump or even on the recent changes header is probably needed (I don't think many people noticed You can't grant your work into the public domain yet). Maybe the new legal mailing list could be involved in this too.
 * This template needs to be protected, like the older ones are.
 * And last but not least, somebody who is not afraid of flames should spam all the people with the "deprecated" templates (I know I would feel grateful for it if I hadn't noticed the discussion before, but some people might get annoyed).
 * --cesarb 23:43, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks again for your advice. I'm not sure what section to drop a Village Pump note on — perhaps policy. I'm waiting for 4 days before deprecating the multilicensing PD templates, to give people a chance to complain. The image PD templates have already had a link to can't grant added, so I expect that to grab some attention. There are so many people using the PD image templates that I fear only a bot will be able to get in contact with them all, though. Deco 02:02, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Please ignore the above. I no longer contend that it is impossible to release one's works into the public domain - I am not a lawyer and there is no legal precedent in this matter. Relevent discussion. Deco 05:34, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

Protected edit request on 26 July 2021
I request that this template be moved to Category:Wikipedia copyright templates. It doesn't belong in Category:Copyright user templates it should only be for userboxes. Catfurball (talk) 17:14, 26 July 2021 (UTC)
 * ❌ (consider this a BRD) - this is a user template, it is meant to be used by a user - to place on their own page.  It is not for licensing media.  That it is not in the shape of a traditional userbox doesn't make it any less user-specific. (Also combined all these to one request as it is all the same matter). —  xaosflux  Talk 18:32, 26 July 2021 (UTC)
 * It looks like there is actually a big sloppy mess of categorization going on here - so we should probably get a wider discussion going as to the best direction. Notably your requested 'to' category is not listed as a "userboxes" category.  There certainly is use of categorizing these, and making it clear that there is a difference between templates intended to be used by a user on their own page, and templates to be placed on media descriptions. —  xaosflux  Talk 18:38, 26 July 2021 (UTC)
 * (Note, you will not need to reactivate all the individual ER's whichever way this goes, it can just be done once above). — xaosflux  Talk 18:50, 26 July 2021 (UTC)
 * I think we just need better documentation on the two category pages. One should say "This cat is for templates that go on User pages" and the other should say "This cat is for templates that go on File pages." Or something like that, maybe with a bit more nuance of which I am not aware. – Jonesey95 (talk) 00:13, 27 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Template talk:TextLicenseFreeUse


text:
Tungsten (music)

A Tungsten or Tungs-Tone is a type of phonograph stylus. Constructed from tungsten wire, held in a metal shank, a tungsten stylus differs from a steel stylus in that it has a cylindrical rather than a conical shape, meaning that the cross-section of the stylus remains the same as the stylus wears down improving durability to several plays.

Typically, a new steel needle is required for every record played on an old acoustic phonograph. This is because the record contains abrasive material. In the first few silent tracks this abrasion hones the steel needle to a profile that tracks the grooves properly. The needle continues to wear as it plays the record, so that by the end its diameter has increased to the point where the sharp edges may damage the grooves on subsequent plays.

One famous brand of tungsten stylus was the Tungs-Tone stylus, manufactured by the Victor Talking Machine Company in the 1910s and 1920s.

title: Tungsten (music)


text:
Aidan Davison

Aidan John Davison (born 11 May 1968) is a football coach and former professional footballer who is goalkeeping coach of League 2 side Wrexham.

As a player, he played as a goalkeeper from 1987 until 2008. Having started his career with non-league side Billingham Synthonia, he moved on to Notts County and subsequently spent loan spells with Leyton Orient and Bury before joining the latter on a permanent deal. He went on to play for Chester City, Blackpool and Millwall before earning his biggest break yet by signing for Bolton Wanderers and in 1995 gaining promotion to the Premier League. Loan spells with Ipswich Town and Hull City followed before joining Bradford City permanently. In 1997, he signed for Grimsby Town where he arguably played some of his best football having won promotion and a domestic cup in his two years at the club. He went on to Sheffield United and then returned to Premier League football when he re-joined Bradford City in 2000. In 2003, he returned to Grimsby Town for a year before finishing his career with a four-year spell at Colchester United. In his career, he was capped three times by Northern Ireland.

In 2009 following his retirement he joined the coaching staff of Premier League Hull City and became the club's reserve team manager. In 2010, he briefly came out of retirement and signed as a player to add to the club's goalkeeping cover, however he only made the substitute bench for the reserve team he managed. In 2011, he became head coach of American side FC Jax Destroyers.

Early career
Davison was brought up in the North East of England. He played for Newcastle United in their youth team during their successful FA Youth Cup period. He was later released and in 1987 he signed terms with Non-League side Billingham Synthonia where he played 33 times and scored once. It did not take too long for the professional scouts to pick him up and he departed the club midway through the 1987–88 season

In March 1988 Davison moved to Nottingham signing with Notts County who at the time were under the stewardship of John Barnwell and were competing in the Football League Third Division. While at County he made one league appearance and was loaned out too Leyton Orient and then Bury. The Shakers re-signed Davison for a fee of £6,000 in November 1989 following his loan spell in the previous month. Whilst at Gigg Lane, Davison played under Martin Dobson, Sam Ellis and Mike Walsh. Whilst with the club he also spent time out on loan, having spells with both Chester City and Blackpool. Walsh released Davison to Millwall in the summer of 1991, and he became one of Bruce Rioch's new signings at Millwall ahead of the 1991–92 season. Davison played two seasons with Millwall, making 42 appearances in all competitions. He was named as player of the year. He also sustained a collapsed lung during a home game against Derby County which kept him out of action for 12 weeks.

Bolton Wanderers
In August 1993 Davison followed Bruce Rioch and signed with Bolton Wanderers for £125,000 where he would fight for the number one spot with Keith Branagan. In his second season for The Trotters they earned promotion to the Premier League. Davison made his Premiership debut on 22 November 1995 in a 3–2 defeat at Stamford Bridge against Chelsea. He also played in the home matches against Nottingham Forest, Liverpool, Tottenham Hotspur and Sheffield Wednesday. Wanderers however finished 20th in the league and were relegated. During the 1996–97 season Davison spent time on loan with Hull City and Ipswich Town before departing in March 1997.

Bradford City
In March 1997 he joined fellow Football League First Division Bradford City on a free transfer. Davison played in 10 matches for the West Yorkshire side but departed Valley Parade at the end 1996–97 season after successfully helping the club retain its championship status.

Grimsby Town
In the summer of 1997 Davison joined Grimsby Town on a free transfer. The club had recently slipped into the Football League Second Division and manager Alan Buckley had sought after a new number 1 keeper following the departure of Paul Crichton a year before, his replacement Jason Pearcey had failed to live up to expectations and would start the 1997–98 season as Davison's understudy. He made his Town debut on 9 August 1997 in a 1–1 draw with Bristol City. His period at Blundell Park would see him play a part in one of the most successful seasons with Grimsby defeating AFC Bournemouth in the Football League Trophy final at Wembley Stadium and a few weeks later defeating Northampton Town in the Play-Off final also at Wembley. During the 1998–99 season, Steve Croudson became his new understudy as Grimsby cemented themselves 11th spot in the First Division. During his two-year stay he helped the club set a new clean sheet record of 50 in 100 games.

Sheffield United
Davison departed Blundell Park in the summer of 1999 under the new Bosman ruling signing with Neil Warnock's fellow Championship Division side Sheffield United. His first team opportunities were limited to United's first choice keeper Simon Tracey and would only make two appearances for the Bramall Lane club, a 6–0 hammering by Manchester City and a 3–1 victory over Crystal Palace.

Return to Bradford City
In January 2000 he cut short his short stay in Sheffield and returned for a second spell at Bradford City who had been promoted to the Premier League in the previous season. He made his second Premiership Bradford City debut on 22 January 2000 in 3–2 victory over Watford. He also played in the following months 2–1 home victory over Arsenal but despite playing in six Premiership games in the remainder of the 1999–2000 season he could only make the bench as City defeated Liverpool on the final day of the season to stay in the England's top flight. During his time at City he would fight for his place with two top keepers in Gary Walsh or Matt Clarke. In the 2000–01 season Davison made three appearances in the UEFA Intertoto Cup with victories over Atlantas Klaipėda and RKC Waalwijk and a defeat against Zenit St. Petersburg. City suffered relegation during that season which meant he spent the next two seasons playing in the Championship Division. His final campaign with The Bantams was the 2002–03 season in which he was also the club's number one keeper.

Return to Grimsby Town
Davison was convinced to return to Grimsby Town in July 2003 who were now under the stewardship of former Grimsby teammate Paul Groves. Like the first time he had signed with The Mariners they had recently suffered relegation in the previous season from the second tier of English football to the third. This spell with Town however would be a lot less successful as an injury in early 2004 meant his place was contested by his under study Andrew Pettinger and Hull City loanee Alan Fettis. Grimsby, without a fit Davison suffered a second successive relegation on the last day of the 2003–04 season. His final game for Grimsby came on 24 February 2004 in a 3–2 win over Luton Town.

Colchester United
Following Grimsby's relegation in the previous campaign Davison stayed in the newly named Football League One with Colchester United. In his second season with Colchester the club earned promotion to the Football League Championship. He eventually hung his boots up at the end of the 2007–08 season having spent his final season as player coach helping his former understudy Dean Gerken. He played 109 times for United in all competitions. During Davisons time at Colchester Utd the team gained promotion, had a successful FA cup campaign playing Chelsea at Stamford Bridge. He was also a pivotal part of the team which went in a 22-game unbeaten run making Layer Road a tough place to visit.he retired from playing after tearing his left shoulder in a collision against Coventry City in a Championship game. He fought for 6 months to get back to fitness but opted to retire in 2008 after a 21-year pro career. He helped nurture Dean Gerken and Mark Cousins who went on to have successful careers.

Northern Ireland
Davison made his debut against Sweden on 24 April 1996 and also played against Thailand and Germany. He was selected for over twenty full squads in a 5-year International career including European Championship and World Cup qualifier games. He played under Bryan Hamilton and Lawrie McMenemy.

Coaching career
After being released by Colchester United at the end of the 2007–08 season, he and his wife (Kristine) and kids (Ryan, Kiera, Mia) have acted upon his dream to live in United States. After which returned as reserve team manager at Hull City A.F.C. In February 2010, he briefly came out of retirement to be named as an unused substitute for Hull City in a friendly match against Galway United, providing goalkeeping back-up for Matt Duke.

On 18 July 2011 it was announced that Davison had been appointed head coach of FC JAX Destroyers. Davison left the club a year later after they disbanded and joined American Soccer school IMG Academy as a coach. In September 2017, Davison took over head coaching duties for Sporting AZ FC from Tim Marchisotto, who became the general manager. He successfully guided Sporting AZ FC through the 2018 US Open Cup qualifying, earning a victory over United Soccer League side Phoenix Rising FC in the second. Davison's amateur-league club finally fell in the third round to USL professional side Fresno.

In 2018, Davison signed for Indian Super League side Pune FC as goalkeeping coach, later holding the same position at rivals Hyderabad FC.

On 25 June 2022, Davison returned to the United Kingdom, signing as a goalkeeping coach for National League side Wrexham.

Personal life
Davison previously resided in Daytona Beach, Florida, United States, and ran his own successful soccer company.

Honours
Bolton Wanderers
 * Football League Cup runner-up: 1994–95

Grimsby Town
 * Football League Second Division play-offs: 1998
 * Football League Trophy: 1997–98

Colchester United
 * Football League One second-place promotion: 2005–06

title: Aidan Davison


text:
Moropant Trimbak Pingle

Moropant Trimbak Pingale (1620–1683), was the first peshwa of the Maratha Empire, serving on Shivaji Maharaj's Ashta Pradhan (Council of Eight Ministers).

Early life
Moropant Trimbak Pingle was born to a Deshastha Brahmin family in 1620 Nimgaon. In 1647, he joined Chhatrapati Shivaji in establishing the Maratha Empire.

Career
He was one of the warriors who participated in the successful 1659 battle of Shivaji Maharaj's forces against the forces of Bijapur's Adil Shah which immediately followed Adil Shah's general Afzalkhān's death at Jāwali. He also participated in the battles at Trimbakeshwar Fort and Wāni-Dindori against the Mughal Empire. He participated in Shivaji's invasion of Surat in 1664. He also participated in the Battle of Salher Moropant surrounded and attacked the 25,000 strong Mughal infantry at Salher with his 20,000 infantry. Prominent maratha sardar and Shivaji's childhood friend Suryaji Kakde was killed by a Zamburak cannon in the battle. Chhatrapati Sambhaji son of Shivaji stayed with Moropant's relatives in Mathura after their escape from Agra.. Moropant introduced sound revenue administration to Shivaji's regime, and played an important role in resource planning concerning defenses and maintenance of strategic forts. He was also responsible for the construction and administration of Pratapgad. At Chhatrapati Shivaji's death, Moropant Pinglay was working as a supervisor of fort development activities in Nashik District for the Salher-Mulher forts. Under Shivaji Maharaj's successor, Chhatrapati Sambhaji, he also participated in the battle of Burhanpur in 1681 which resulted in the sacking of the important Mughal trade centre of Burhanpur. He was killed during an ambush by Mughal forces in 1683.

title: Moropant Trimbak Pingle


text:
Kanhoji Angre

Kanhoji Angre ( [kanʱod͡ʒiː aːŋɡɾe]), also known as Conajee Angria or Sarkhel Angré (August 1669 – 4 July 1729) was a chief of the Maratha Navy in present-day India. Kanhoji became known for attacking and capturing European merchant ships and collecting jakat (known to locals as taxes), seen by Europeans traders and colonists as ransoming of their crews. British, Dutch and Portuguese ships often fell victims to these raids.Despite attempts by the Portuguese and British to put an end to his privateering activities, Angre continued to capture and collect jakat from European merchant ships until his death in 1729. Kanhoji's naval prowess in capturing dozens of European trading ships and avoiding capture has led to many historians to appraise Kanhoji as the most skilled Indian navy chief in the maritime history of India.

Titles
In 1713, Shahu dispatched a formidable force led by the Peshwa, Bahirupant Pingle, to protect the region's inland territories and curb the expanding influence of Angria. However, upon learning of the Peshwa's advance, the seasoned warrior Kanhoji swiftly mobilized his forces, confronting and decisively defeating the Peshwa, taking him captive. Expanding his conquests, Kanhoji seized strategic forts like Lohagad and Rajmachi near Khandala, poised to advance towards Satara. In response, all available troops were rallied under the command of Balaji Vishwanath, recognizing the magnitude of Kanhoji's prowess and ambition. A negotiation ensued, wherein Balaji proposed terms: if Kanhoji released the Peshwa, severed ties with Sambhaji, pledged allegiance to Shahu, and relinquished his conquests except for Rajmachi, he would be granted ten forts and sixteen fortified posts, crowned as the admiral of the Maratha fleet with the prestigious titles of Vizarat Mal and Sarkhel.

Early life
Angre was born on the fort Suvarnadurg, near Ratnagari in the year 1667 to mother, Ambabai and father, Tukoji. His father served at Suvarnadurg under Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj with a command of 200 posts. Kanhoji family background attracted much wild speculation amongst European Merchants, travelers and writers in the 18th century, and later. In 2009, modern Dutch Historian, Rene Barendse, specializing in South Asian history as well as history related to the Indian Ocean, summarises that Kanhoji Angre's origin is highly controversial. He writes: "To the British he was of Siddi (east african) descent, to the nationalist Maratha literature an impeccable Maratha. According to the Portuguese Angre was of 'vile and poor' origins, and he 'exercised the office of servant and peon for another Hindu' – most likely he was a Koli. But he adroitly used his vaunted Ethiopian descent to gain ascendancy over the other bands of seafarers and their leaders along the Konkan Coast, a group that the Dutch with some justification called 'Shivaji's roving and robbing armadas'." Other sources, mainly Indian, on his family background go into details of each opinion. As per Rajaram Narayan Saletore, his surname "Angre" is derived from Angarwadi; the family's original name was Sankpal, and the family members before Kanhoji were known as Sankpals. Historian Sen believes that Angre's origin is "obscure and he certainly did not belong to the nobility of the land". Citation of the Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino (historical archives of the Portuguese empire) is given to show that Kanhoji started his life as a humble servant of some Hindus in the island of Versova. According to his family history, he was a "Kshatriya" Maratha. Historian V. G. Dighe, in 1951, cites G. S. Sardesai's Selections from the Peshwa Daftar, and calls them "blue-blood Marathas" who "would spurn to marry in families lower than those of Deshmukhs, Jadhavs, Jagtaps and Shitoles." However, S.R.Sharma seems to agree with the Portuguese opinions and believes him to have been a "Maratha Koli captain". Little is known about his early life except that he was involved in daring exploits at sea with his father. He spent much of his childhood in the Suvarnadurg Fort. Kanhoji grew up among Koli sailors, and learned seamanship from them.

Naval career
Angre's career as a Naval commander began in 1685 when the Killedar (fort commander) of Suvranadurg tried to defect to the Siddis of Janjira, an 18 year old Angre took control of the fort and captured the Killedar. When this news reached the Maratha ruler Chatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj, he was pleased with Kanhoji's loyalty. As a result, Chatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj made Kanhoji the Killedar (commander) of Suvarnadurg. After the death of Admiral Sidhoji Gujar around 1698, the Maratha Navy survived because of the extensive efforts of Kanhoji Angre. He was originally appointed as Sarkhel or Darya-Saranga (Admiral) by the chief of Satara in c. 1698. Under that authority, he was master of the Western coast of India from Mumbai to Vingoria (now Vengurla) in present-day state of Maharashtra, except for the property of the Muslim Siddis of Murud-Janjira who were affiliated with the Mughal Empire. Under his leadership, the British naval power was checked along the western coast of India. Kanhoji later swore allegiance to  supreme Maratha ruler Chhatrapati Shahu and his prime minister Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath. He gained their support to develop naval facilities on the western coast of India, or Konkan. Angre was also placed as chief of 26 forts and fortified places of Maharashtra.

Kanhoji started his career by attacking merchant ships of the East India Company and slowly gained respect from all the European powers. In 1702, he abducted a merchant vessel from Calicut with six English sailors and took it to his harbor. In 1707, he attacked the East Indiaman Bombay which blew up during the fight. In time, the Europeans thought that he could capture any merchant ship except large, heavily armed ships. When Maratha Chhatrapati Shahu ascended the leadership of the Maratha Empire, he appointed Balaji Viswanath Bhat as his Senakarta (Commander) and negotiated an agreement with Angre around 1707. This was partly to appease Angre who supported the other ruler, Tarabai, who claimed the Maratha throne. As per agreement, Angre became head of the Maratha Navy.

Naval strategy and resources
Under the leadership of Kanhoji, the Maratha developed a naval base at Vijayadurg featuring dockyard facilities for building vessels, mounting guns, and making the ships sea-worthy. Their naval fleet consisted of ten gurabs/grabs (warship) and fifty gallivats (warboat). A gallivat had a displacement lower than 120 tons, while a grab could go as high as 400 tons. Another ship type used was the Pal (Maratha Man-of-war), which was a cannon-armed, three-masted vessel. The grabs had broadsides of 6 and 9-pounder guns, and carried two 9 or 12-pounders on their main decks. These guns pointed forward through port-holes cut in the bulkheads. The gallivats were mostly armed with light swivel guns, but some also mounted six or eight cannons, either 2 or 4-pounders. These boats were propelled by forty to fifty oars. Even during the reign of Kanhoji Angre, the Maratha Government signed a treaty of friendship with the Portuguese in 1703. As per the treaty, the Portuguese agreed to supply cannon and gunpowder to the Maratha, supplies which they needed as they had only a few cannon foundries producing their own armaments. The Marathas signed a treaty with the Siddi as well, thus concentrating all their forces against the English East India Company. By the beginning of the 18th century, Kanhoji Angre controlled the entire coastline from Sawantwadi to Mumbai, which is the entire coastline of present-day Maharashtra. He built coastal fortifications on almost all creeks, cove, and harbours, such as a fortress or citadel with navigational facilities. The main naval bases were at Bankot, Anjanvel, Jaygad, Vijaydurg and Sindhudurg. Any ship sailing through Maratha territorial waters was to pay a levy called Chouth, which expressed Angre's dominance. To develop a strong navy Angre encouraged shipbuilding. Most of the vessels were built with teak grown near Bombay. Angre also encouraged cultivation of Teak on the western coast to ensure a supply of timber for the boats. to the Angre forces. He built ship building factories at Kolaba fort,  Sakharkhadi, Suvarnadurg, and Vijaydurgh. The design of these ships and their durability had been of high quality. Kanhoji also utilized shipbuilding on modern European or more specifically English designs.

Between 1717 and 1720, the East India Company made at least two attempts to defeat the Maratha Navy, but were unsuccessful. In response to a British ship being captured by Kanhoji's seamen, the British attempted to capture Vijayadurg and Khanderi, but these attempts were unsuccessful. In 1720, Angre captured the vessel Charlotte along its owner, a merchant named Curgenven who had been bound to China from Surat. Curgenven would be imprisoned for 10 years.

Naval crew
Crew on Maratha belonged to diverse communities. They included seafaring indigenous communities such as Koli, Bhandari and Kharva.

He also had Muslim staff. Since most of these people were illiterate, Angre employed Europeans, generally Dutch, to command his best vessels. He also employed a Jamaican pirate named James Plantain and entrusted him with significant responsibilities such as the chief gunner post. Angre employed Manuel de Castro, a Portuguese soldier who was about to be punished by the East India Company for his failure in capturing Khanderi Island, which was controlled by Kanhoji Angre.

Bases

 * In 1698, Angre located his first base at Vijayadurg ('Victory Fort') (formerly Gheriah), Devgad Taluka, located about 485 km from Mumbai. The fort which was originally built by king Bhoj and strengthened by Maratha ruler Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, is located on the coast and has an entrance hollowed out in it to accommodate entry of a vessel from the sea.
 * Angre created an operating base from the fortified islands of "Kolaba" at Alibaug. Khanderi and Underi off the coast of Thal, Alibaug, and attempted to levy a tax on every merchant vessel entering the harbour.
 * He established a township called Alibag on seashore at southern tip of Mumbai. The main village at that time, was today's Ramnath. Kanhoji even issued his own currency in the form of a silver coin called the Alibagi rupaiya.
 * In 1724, Angre built a port at Purnagad, located in Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra. Seven guns and 70 cannonballs were found in the port. The port was also used for limited trading activities.

Campaigns
Kanhoji intensified the attacks on European ships on the western coast of India. On 4 November 1712, his navy even succeeded in capturing the yacht HCS Algerine of the Governor of Bombay, William Aislabie, killing the chief of their Karwar factory, Thomas Chown, and making his wife a prisoner, not releasing the captured yacht and Mrs. Chown until 13 February 1713 for a Jakat/tax of 30,000 Rupees. The release was done along with the return of previously captured territory, hoping that the East India Company will help him in his other wars, but later Angre made an alliance with Balaji Viswanath and continued fighting the company. He seized East Indiamen Somers and Grantham, near Goa as these vessels were on their voyage from England to Bombay. In 1712, he disabled a thirty-gun man-of-war which was conveying Portuguese "armado" and captured it.

Angre eventually signed a treaty with the East India Company President Aislabie to stop harassing the company's fleet. Aislabie would eventually return to England during October 1715.

After the arrival of Charles Boone as the new Governor of Bombay on 26 December 1715, Boone made several attempts to capture Angre. Instead of succeeding, in 1718 Angre captured three East India Company merchant ships, which refused due Jakat/tax and hence ransoming their crews.

On 29 November 1721 a joint attempt by the Portuguese (Viceroy Francisco José de Sampaio e Castro) and the British (General Robert Cowan) to capture Kanhoji proved unsuccessful. This fleet consisted of 6,000 soldiers in four Man of war class ships led by Commander Thomas Mathews. Aided by Maratha warriors including Mendhaji Bhatkar and his navy, Angre continued to harass and plunder the European ships. Commander Matthews returned to Great Britain, but was accused and convicted of trading with the Marathas in December 1723. Also, during 1723, Governor Boone returned to Great Britain. After Boone's departure, relative calm prevailed between the British and Angre, until Angre's death in 1729.

Battles

 * 1690 - Kanhoji Angre defeated combined forces of Siddis, Mughals, Portuguese and took Sagargad.
 * 1707 – Attacked the East Indiaman Bombay which blew up during the fight.
 * 1710 – Captures the Kennery (now Khanderi) Islands near Mumbai after fighting the East India Company vessel Godolphin for two days.
 * 1712 – Captured the yacht, HCS Algerine, of the President of Bombay, Mr. Aislabie, releasing it only after obtaining a jakat/tax of Rs. 30,000. (1713)
 * 1717 - Kanhoji Angre seized the british ship HMS Success and withstood a British attack on Vijaydurg Fort.
 * 1718 - Squadron of British Troops attacked Khanderi Kanhoji Angre successfully repulsed the British.
 * 1720 - Kanhoji repulsed joint Portuguese - British attack on Vijaydurg.
 * 1722 - a second joint Portuguese - British attack on Kolaba under admiral Thomas Mathews was repulsed.
 * 1724 - Dutch attack on Vijaydurg was repulsed by Kanhoji.
 * He seized East Indiamen Somers and Grantham, near Goa as these vessels were on their voyage from England to Bombay.
 * He disabled a thirty-gun man-of-war which was conveying Portuguese "armado" and captured it.

Death and aftermath

By the time of his death on 4 July 1729, Kanhoji Angre had emerged as a master of the Arabian Sea from Surat to south Konkan. He left behind two legitimate sons, Sekhoji and Sambhaji; four illegitimate sons, Tulaji, Manaji, Yesaji and Dhondji. Angre's Samadhi (tomb) is situated at Shivaji Chowk, Alibag, Maharashtra.

After Kanhoji, his son Sekhoji continued Maratha exploits at sea till his death in 1733. After Sekhoji's death, Angre's holdings were split between two brothers, Sambhaji and Manaji, because of divisions in the family. With the Marathas neglecting naval concerns, the British soon found it easier to defeat the remnants of the kingdom. Angre and his sons' reign over the Western coast ended with the capture of Tulaji in a joint attack on the fort of Gheriah (now Vijaydurg) in February 1756 by the forces of the British East India Company and Maratha Peshwa Balaji Bajirao. The Peshwa's half brother Shamsher Bahadur commanded the Maratha forces.

Seals of Kanhoji Angre
Three seals have been known to be used by Sarkhel Kanhoji Angre. One during the reign of Chhatrapati Rajaram, and two during the reign of Chhatrapati Shahu.

The three seals, along with their inscriptions and meaning are given below.

Legacy
Kanhoji Angre stands as one of the most notable admirals of the Maratha Navy who caused significant troubles to the European trading companies. Kanhoji is credited with the foresight that a Blue Water Navy's ultimate and strategic role is to keep the enemy engaged far from the shores of the homeland. At one time, Kanhoji was so successful that he attracted enterprising Europeans in his fleet as mercenaries, including one Dutchman, whom he appointed to the rank of Commodore. At the height of his power, Kanhoji commanded hundreds of warships and thousands of sailors at a time when the Royal Navy had little in the way of naval resources in far-away India that could significantly offset the growing strength of the Maratha Navy.

Kanhoji's harassment of British commercial interests and the English victory over the Portuguese at Swally led them to establish a small naval force that eventually became the modern Indian Navy. Today, a statue of Angre stands in Indian Naval Dockyard in Mumbai. While the original fort built by Angre that overlooked the Naval Docks has vanished, its boundary wall is still intact and within it lays the Headquarters of Indian Western Naval Command and is called INS Angre (Indian Naval Station Angre).

The end of Angre family influences
The descendants of Angres continued to live in Kolaba till the 1840s and in 1843, the city was annexed to East India Company as per a despatch to Governor General of Bombay dated 30 December 1843.

Publication of family history
Chandrojirao Angre, a descendant of Kanhoji Angre, and his distant cousin, Jijabai Angre (later Parvatibai Puar, of Dewas Junior) supported the publication of History of the Angres in 1939 at Alibag Mumbai.

Tributes

 * Angria Bank, a submerged atoll structure located on the continental shelf 105 km west of the coast of Vijaydurg, Maharashtra, was named after Kanhoji Angre.
 * The Western Naval command of the Indian Navy was named INS Angre on 15 September 1951 in honour of Kanhoji Angre. Other important naval offices are also located at INS Angre. His statue is erected at the old Bombay Castle located within the enclave located at the Naval Dockyard, South Mumbai.
 * During April 1999, the Indian Postal Service released a Rupee 3 stamp showing a ghurab of Kanhoji Angre's fleet as depicted in a c. 1700 AD painting.
 * The old Kennery Lighthouse, on Khanderi Island which marks the southern boundary of the Mumbai Port, was renamed as Kanhoji Angre Light House.
 * The large residential colony of Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers at Alibaug is named as " Sarkhel Kanhoji Angre Nagar".
 * During the Malwani Jatrotsav festival in 1995 at Parel, Mumbai, a simulation of the naval battle between Angre and the East India Company fleet led by Charles Boon was conducted using remote-control wooden boats in an open tank (70' x 30'). Radio Controlled boats carved out of Teak wood and powered by high torque motors were constructed by Vivek S. Kambli and Vishesh S. Kambli. A thrilling soundtrack complemented this Audio Visual 3 Dimensional depiction of an important chapter from Maratha Naval history. The show lasted 10 days and was witnessed by thousands of Mumbai denizens.
 * An all-weather port at Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, named as Angre port, was inaugurated on 24 April 2012 by 9th descendant of Kanhoji Angre.
 * The 2007 Hollywood film Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End portrays a character named Sri Sumbahjee, a purported reference to Sambhaji, Kanhoji Angre's son.
 * Aniruddha Pimpalkhare of Pune built a 17 footer gaff rigged wooden boat in 2021 and named it SV Angré as a tribute to Sarkhel Angre. She is currently moored at Colaba, Mumbai in front of Gateway of India.

title: Kanhoji Angre


text:
Soay, St Kilda

Soay (Soaigh) is an uninhabited islet in the St Kilda archipelago, Scotland. The name is from Old Norse Sauðey, meaning "island of sheep". The island is part of the St Kilda World Heritage Site and home to a primitive breed of sheep. Excluding Rockall, it is the westernmost point of the United Kingdom.

Geography
Soay lies some 40 mi west-northwest of North Uist in the North Atlantic It is about 2 km north-west of Hirta, from which it is separated by the narrow Sound of Soay, which is only about 500 metres wide. Two sea stacks, Stac Shoaigh (Soay Stac), 61 m, and Stac Biorach, 73 m, lie between. The island covers about 96.8 ha and reaches a height of 378 m, the cliffs rising sheer from the sea.

The island is formed of a breccia of gabbro and dolerites and is a single mountain peak rising from the sea-bed, without Ice-Age erosion. Along with the rest of the archipelago, Soay is owned by the National Trust for Scotland, managed by NatureScot as a nature reserve and is included it the St Kilda World Heritage Site. It is unlikely that this island ever had permanent habitation. Men from Hirta would stay for a few days while gathering wool.

Wildlife
Feral Soay sheep are a relict population of the first sheep brought to northern Europe around 5000BC. They were kept for their wool, which was plucked, not shorn, and made into tweed. Only occasionally were the sheep killed for meat. When the neighbouring island of Hirta became uninhabited, Soay sheep were introduced there too, and more recently they have become widely kept elsewhere as a livestock animal. Another somewhat less primitive breed, the Boreray, lives on another island in the group.

The island's cliffs hold breeding colonies of many seabirds, including gannet, fulmar, storm petrel, Manx shearwater, razorbill, great skua, Leach's petrel and puffin.

title: Soay, St Kilda