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Adjuncts

In brewing, adjuncts are unmalted grains (such as barley, wheat, maize, rice, rye, and oats ) or grain products used in brewing beer which supplement the main mash ingredient (such as malted barley). This is often done with the intention of cutting costs, but sometimes also to create an additional feature, such as better foam retention, flavours or nutritional value or additives. Both solid and liquid adjuncts are commonly used.

Definition
Ingredients which are standard for certain beers, such as wheat in a wheat beer, may be termed adjuncts when used in beers which could be made without them — such as adding wheat to a pale ale for the purpose of creating a lasting head. The sense here is that the ingredient is additional and strictly unnecessary, though it may be beneficial and attractive. Under the Bavarian Reinheitsgebot purity law it would be considered that an adjunct is any beer ingredient other than water, barley, hops, and yeast; this, however, is an antiquated view. This purity law originated in 16th-century Germany and did not initially include yeast due to the fact that it had not been discovered yet.

The term adjunct is often used to refer to corn, rice, oats, unmalted barley and rye. The use of ingredients as substitutes for the main starch source is where the term adjunct is most often used.

Types of adjuncts and adjunct products
Adjuncts can be broadly classified according to the physical form in which they are used into solids and liquid syrups.
 * Solid adjuncts are either starchy adjuncts which need to be converted to simpler sugars, or solid sugar adjuncts which can be added after conversion. Solid starchy adjuncts are normally produced from cereals and are used in the form of flakes, grits, flour or purified starch and must be added before  the mash tun to convert the starch into simple sugars which the yeast can use during fermentation. Cereals with a higher gelatinisation temperature than the standard mashing temperatures must be cooked in a cereal cooker to gelatinise the starch before adding to the mash. Solid sugar adjuncts include granulated sugar and glucose chips.
 * Liquid adjuncts are either sucrose syrups or syrups from a grain (maize, rice or wheat), are added directly to the wort kettle and therefore can be used to reduce loading on the mash and lauter tun and effectively increase the brewhouse capacity. Liquid adjuncts may also be added after fermentation as primings sugars to give sweetness to the beer for secondary fermentation as in cask or bottle conditioning.

Sources of starch adjuncts
Barley is used as an un-malted grain at up to 10% of the grist. Barley provides both carbohydrates and proteins to the wort; on the negative side, the cell walls of the un-malted barley contain high levels of beta-glucans that affect wort viscosity and create haze problems in the bright beer. Barley is also used in the mash as roasted barley to provide colour to the beer.

Cassava is a novel adjunct used in Africa either as a wet cake or as a purified starch.

Corn is commonly used in the production of American-style pale lagers, particularly malt liquor. Corn is generally used in brewing as corn syrup, and as such is highly fermentable. Corn is cheaper than barley, so it is used as a cost-saving measure.

Oats are used in oatmeal stouts. Oatmeal stouts usually do not specifically taste of oats. The smoothness of oatmeal stouts comes from the high content of proteins, lipids, and gums imparted by the use of oats. The gums increase the viscosity and body adding to the sense of smoothness.

Rice is sometimes used in the production of pale lagers, most notably Anheuser-Busch's Budweiser. Anheuser-Busch is the largest North American buyer of U.S. rice. Rice may be used to lighten the body and the mouthfeel, or increase alcohol content, or add a little sweetness.

Rye is used in roggenbiers from Germany and in rye beers from America. Rye is notoriously difficult to brew with, so most rye beers only include a small amount of rye. Rye provides a spicy flavour to beer and dramatically increases head formation.

Sorghum is used in Africa as a local ingredient saving on expensive imported malt and developing the local agricultural sector. Sorghum has a high gelatinisation temperature and is added to a mash cooker to gelatinise the starch before adding to the mash tun. Sorghum has been used for hundreds of years as the main ingredient in many of the indigenous traditional African beers. Sorghum can be used in the malted or the un-malted form.

Wheat is used in German and American wheat beers, in lambic and other Belgian ales, and in English ales. Wheat lightens the body, improves head retention, and provides a tart flavour. Wheat beers are often served with fruit syrups or slices of lemon in the US and Germany.

Sugar adjuncts
Sugar adjuncts provide only carbohydrates and if used at high levels will result in wort lacking in amino acids and this may lead to poor yeast growth causing tailing fermentations and poor yeast crops.

Primings sugars such as maple syrup, honey, and molasses are common in craft beers and homebrew.

Candi sugar is a common ingredient in strong Belgian ales, where it increases the beer's strength while keeping the body fairly light; dark varieties of candi sugar also affect the colour and flavour of the beer.

Caramel syrup is used to provide colour to brews and can either be added in the wort kettle or at filtration when needed to correct low beer colours. This caramel is not sweet and provides little or no fermentable extract.

Grain syrups (primarily corn syrup in North America) may be made from maize, wheat, rice or sorghum and are normally added in the wort kettle during the boil. The carbohydrate profile of these syrups may be tailored to suit the brewers' requirements and normally have a fermentability of between 70 and 100%. Typically these syrups are 74 to 80% w/w extract.

Honey is a primary fermentable in mead, and can be used for flavour (though also supplying some fermentable sugar) in beer.

Sucrose may come from sugar-cane or from sugar-beet.

Flavourings
A number of traditional beer styles are brewed with spices. For example, Belgian witbier is brewed with coriander, Finnish sahti is brewed with juniper berries, and traditional beers in Britain are brewed with honey and spices. Also, some strong winter beers are flavoured with nutmeg or cinnamon, while ginger is a popular flavouring for a range of beers. Many commercially available pumpkin ales are made with pumpkin pie spices without any actual pumpkin.

Spices may be added to the wort during the boil or spices or spice extract may be added at any time during fermentation depending on desired results.

Spices used in brewing include:
 * Allspice
 * Anise
 * Cinnamon
 * Clove
 * Coriander
 * Ginger
 * Hot pepper
 * Juniper berries or boughs
 * Licorice
 * Nutmeg
 * Orange or Lemon peel
 * Spruce needles or twigs (see spruce beer)
 * Wormwood
 * Yarrow

Other, less common flavourings include chocolate, coffee, milk, chili peppers and even oysters.

Fruit or vegetable

Beer may be brewed with a fruit or vegetable adjunct or flavouring.

Fruits have been used as a beer adjunct or flavouring for centuries, especially with Belgian lambic styles. Cherry, raspberry, and peach are a common addition to this style of beer. Modern breweries may add only flavoured extracts to the finished product, rather than actually fermenting the fruit.
 * Fruit flavouring and adjuncts

 * Vegetable flavouring and adjunct

Pumpkin-flavoured beers are brewed seasonally in the autumn in North America.

Chile pepper is used to flavour pale lagers.

title: Adjuncts


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The First President Street Power Station South Africa

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was no consensus. Tony Sidaway|Talk 13:39, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The First President Street Power Station South Africa
Tagged as unencyclopedic. Seems to describe an ill fated South African power station from the early days of the 20th century. I do not understand how it could be notable. Zzyzx11 | Talk 03:12, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete It might have made the local news a century ago, but there seems to be nothing of any enduring significance even in that area, wherever it was. Maybe something that was news when the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica was written, when electric power was something new?  I'm the one who stuck that uncyclopedic tag on; later I saw something about use of that being discouraged, but it sure seemed appropriate here.  Gene Nygaard 03:46, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Copyvio of [] Still it's a very interesting story of engineering malpractice, whereby the engineers spec'd an expensive though elegant system, giant internal combustion engines powered by producer gas. Except that they intended to use bituminous coal (Instead of coke) in the producers without concern for the massive amount of coal tar fouling and corrosion that would result from the direct gasification of bituminous coal. When the fouling and corrosion started; hilairity ensued and by mid 1907 the City Council had to reject the whole scheme and instituted legal proceedings against the suppliers to recover their losses.
 * Keep (once the copyvio has been dealt with). Totally encyclopedic (with a bit of context added) - there are lots of historical items in Wikipedia far more trivial than this. But possibly better merged into an appropriate article on South African history. If they really mean gas turbine that would be a remarkably early use (I think they mean reciprocating gas engine). -- RHaworth 07:16, 2005 Apr 16 (UTC)
 * Yes, basicly a very big for the time four stroke engine. Gas Turbines would require WWII era metalurgy/enginnering. All this takes place in 1906. Seems like the city had a good case against the engineers. People knew that if you used anything but coke in a producer, the output gas would contain the volitiles from the feedstock coal. And unless you planned to install a full getup to scrub the gas, primitive gas treatment equipment was going leave fairly large amount of tar and condensibles in the gas. Whats interesting is that the city purchased this system over a steam one, on the basis of saving fuel. I'm guess the reason then went with the producer gas engines, is that the system could easily adapt to fluctuations in demand whereas a steam boiler requires a pretty much constant fuel input to maintain high steam pressure. Big savings on high pressure piping since a producer gas system runs at almost atmospheric pressure. BTW if you are interested please take a look at Town gasKlonimus 09:55, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete the copyvio, but if someone writes a good stub then it sounds like an encyclopedic topic. --TenOfAllTrades | Talk 17:13, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm a bit busy right now, but if this stays up for a little while, I'll rewrite it. Klonimus 20:24, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Wow. Fix the copyvio, but any power station that can be made this interesting in its vfd discussion deserves an article. FreplySpang (talk) 20:30, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC) (Did that sound sarcastic? I meant it sincerely. FreplySpang (talk) 15:55, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC))
 * Double wow. Klonimus, if your new article is half as interesting as your above comment, we'll have us an instant feature. Delete the copyvio (natch) and let's make room for a great original article! - Lucky 6.9 04:46, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, if somone is willing to contact the person mentioned in the copyvio'ed article we could get some more information. A hobby of mine is the history of coal gasification and related technologies. Thats how I was able to make a good hypothesis as to what happened in the article. I dont want write an article that is mostly hypothesizing on my part, even if I am pretty sure I am correct. What we need is a Request for knowledge I'd be happy to work with somone who knew more about early electric power systems. Klonimus 12:10, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Copyvio must go but the subject may deserve an article - Skysmith 08:46, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: User talk:12.202.74.148

title: User talk:12.202.74.148


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Bill Lewis

William Lewis (born 1 August 1953) is an English artist, story-teller, poet and mythographer. He was a founder-member of The Medway Poets and of the Stuckists art group.

Early life
Bill Lewis was born in Maidstone, Kent, England. He attended Westborough Secondary Modern School and left in 1968 with no qualifications. In 1975, with his friend, Rob Earl, he started a series of poetry readings called Outcrowd at the Lamb pub, later renamed Drakes' Crab and Oyster House, by the River Medway in Maidstone. Both Charles Thomson and Billy Childish, the later co-founders of the Stuckists group, read at these events.

1970s
He spent a year unloading trucks in Chiesmans department store in Maidstone, then in 1976 he had a nervous breakdown, attempted suicide and spent three months in Crossfield psychiatric ward, West Malling. 1977–1978, he studied Foundation Art at Medway College of Art and Design, at the same time as Childish and Thomas von Üricht, another future Stuckist.

In 1979, his interest in Berlin Cabaret, combined with the current punk culture, led him to joining up with Childish, Charles Thomson, Sexton Ming, Rob Earl and Miriam Carney to found the anarchic poetry performance group, The Medway Poets, which he named. The group performed in colleges, pubs and festivals, including the international Cambridge Poetry Festival in 1981. It was the subject of a TV South documentary the following year. In Lewis's performances, he "jumped on a chair, threw his arms wide (at least once hitting his head on the ceiling)."

1980s

In 1980, he had a show of paintings at Peter Waite's Rochester Pottery Gallery, as did Thomson, Childish, Sanchia Lewis (no relation) and Sexton Ming, the last two also founder members of the Stuckist group.

1978–82 he was the CSSD Porter at West Kent General Hospital, which provided subject matter for many of his poems at the time. He knew Tracey Emin and helped edit her short stories for her first book, Six Turkish Tales (Hangman books 1987). Since 1982, he has been a full-time artist (though he gave up visual art at this time ) with "occasional forays into tomato picking". In 1985, he was appointed as the first writer-in-residence at the Brighton Festival.

During this time he performed at the Kent Literature Festival in Folkestone. His first major collection of poems Rage without Anger was published during this period.

He read and published work on the theme of Human Rights. His poem "Red Guitar" dedicated to the murdered Chilean songwriter Victor Jara, was published in Chilean journals in England and translated into Spanish and published in an underground magazine in Chile.

In 1989 the Nicaraguan poet and storyteller Carlos Rigby invited Lewis to Nicaragua, suggesting he would find the revolution receptive to his poetry. Lewis, with his wife Ann, embarked on a three-month stay in that country. Lewis carried out a series of poetry readings there. Much of his experiences from this journey were later explored in his book The Book of Misplaced but Imperishable Names.

1990s

During this period that Bill Lewis performed three times with '60s star Julie Felix.

In 1999 he was one of the founding members of the Stuckist art group along with Childish, Thomson and Ming. Lewis has been featured prominently in all the key Stuckist shows. In 2004, he was one of the fourteen "founder and featured" artists in The Stuckists Punk Victorian held at the Walker Art Gallery for the Liverpool Biennial.

In the 1990s Lewis experimented with singing some of his poems often using a frame drum made for him by an American Indian drum maker and also a Native American horn rattle. His sung poems have influences from shamanic, Latin American and middle Eastern tunes and rhythms.

Throughout the 1990s he carried out many poetry reading tours, six on the East Coast of the United States, he also performed (in English) in Paris, France. Many of Lewis' American readings were organized by Professor Robert Parker Sorlien of the University of Rhode Island. Other readings were funded and organized by The Curbstone Press of Connecticut. The last of these readings was at a festival in Willimantic, Connecticut, where Lewis appeared on stage with Claribel Alegría, Naomi Ayala and Luis J. Rodriguez.

During this period several of his short stories were translated and published in German newspapers and magazines. A few of his poems were also translated into Spanish.

2000s and beyond
After co-founding, with Dave Wise, The Urban Fox Press, Lewis went on to found The Medway Delta Press in 2005. The first project was a limited edition set of 3 CDs entitled Voices From The Medway Delta, featuring work by Billy Childish, Sexton Ming, Chris Broderick, Bill Lewis, and other names in the Medway scene. The Medway Delta Press has also published a DVD documentary by Carol Lynn on Stuckism.

He was one of the thirteen "leading Stuckists" in the Go West exhibition at Spectrum London gallery in October 2006.

As the 1990s ended and 2000 started Lewis taught courses in mythology for the Kent Children's University (a Kent County Council initiative). The students were aged between 10 and 11 years old.

At the same time he was teaching courses in Myth and Culture and also Creative Writing for Adult Education in Maidstone and on the Isle of Sheppey. It was during one of these sessions on the Isle of Sheppey that future Stuckist painter Joe Machine joined the course as a student. Lewis recognized Joe's talent and later introduced him to Billy Childish and Charles Thomson.

He has had a solo show at the Rochester International Photography Festival.

In 2011 he had his first major solo exhibition at the Deaf Cat Café and Gallery in Rochester, Kent. This was a very successful show with Lewis selling 17 of the 27 pictures.

In the same year Lewis gave a series of lectures on Myth, Culture and the New Paradigm at the University of Creative Arts in Medway Pop-up Gallery. He also exhibited some of his latest paintings in their shows.

In 2012 he was presented with the Literature Award at the Culture and Design Awards for Medway. This was in recognition, not only of his writing, but also his work in the community mentoring younger artists and promoting art and culture in the Medway area.

In 2017 Lewis become a member of COLONY: A Community of Artists. This group of artists work in a variety of mediums and all have a reputation outside of the group. Their aim is not only to exhibit together but also to support and encourage each other. The group was officially launched in October 2018 at the Halpern Gallery, Chatham, Kent.

In 2020 Bill had some of his poems translated into Italian by Silvia Pio and they were published in the online magazine 'Margutte' Read it here:

Art

His position in art in many ways stands for the Stuckist ethic. He has said "I do this because I can’t do anything else and I’ve spent 20 years doing it." He says the importance of his work is not in the technique, but "what's underneath it"; he redraws or repaints an image as many as eighty times, until he is satisfied with it. He names as influences Marc Chagall, Paula Rego, Ana Maria Pacheco, films and comic books. He has been quoted as saying "People are never sure if we are being ironic or not. We are not. We are coming from the heart."

He often uses symbols in his work, frequently imagery from Jewish, Christian and Pagan traditions. A white dog that appears in paintings is a trickster figure that indicates the human shadow; a blindfold woman, applying make-up, is linked to the Shekinah. These symbols are mostly "unconsciously generated" to create "magical realist" paintings. He said of his painting, God Is an Atheist: She Doesn't Believe in Me:

"'I had this move through Christianity and Judaism towards something else—I'm not quite sure what yet. The woman represents both my idea of holiness and the feminine part of myself, which is my link to the Great Mystery—that otherness that you sense behind things but you don't know what it is. I used to call it God, but now that seems a very lame word. In old paintings the dog would have represented fidelity, but it could also be an anagram of God or a trickster figure who illuminates the human shadow (the buried part of us). None of these things are separate: they only appear separate. My paintings are like a magic mirror in fairy stories. I hold it up to try to see my true likeness. Sometimes it takes me years to work out what the symbols mean. That's why I do them—to try and find out something. '"

Books
Lewis has published seven books of poetry and three of short stories; he has made five reading tours in the United States and one in Nicaragua. and has read in Europe. His writing is included in The Green Man (Viking Press), World Fantasy Award winner, as well as The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror, 1997 and 1998.

In 2011 Lewis was published by Greenheart Press and his first book with them 'In The House of Ladders' is a book of poems which also contains six black and white prints by the author. Lewis' second book for Greenheart Press, "In the Long Ago and Eternal Now", was published in January 2017. This also contains black and white pictures by the author and it features several long sequences. Mare Nostrum is a nine part suite of poems that uses the Mediterranean as a metaphor for both the collective and personal unconscious. This sequence has elements of mythology as well as the poet's own personal memories. Another longer piece in the book is called "The Other" and celebrates Otherness in all of its forms e.g. ethnic, gender, duality.

In 2019 the first volume of Lewis' collected poems was published by Colony Press entitled "This Love Like A Rage Without Anger", Poems 1975–2005. This collection contains the first 30 years of his writing including his 'Medway Suite' and poems written in the Americas.

title: Bill Lewis


text: User talk:207.200.116.138

title: User talk:207.200.116.138


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Magic in A.D.J.L.

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 20:29, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

Magic in A.D.J.L.
Tagged as unencyclopedic. Seems to be cruft for a game called A.D.J.L. Zzyzx11 | Talk 03:16, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Actually it's cruft for American Dragon: Jake Long (Animated Series). FreplySpang (talk) 20:33, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Mcfly85 06:30, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Sexton Ming

Sexton Ming (born 1961) is a British artist, poet and musician who was a founding member of The Medway Poets (1979) and Stuckism art movement (1999).

Life and career
Ming was born in Gravesend, Kent, England. In 1979 he was one of the founder members of The Medway Poets group. He is an old associate of Billy Childish and collaborated with him on albums and films up until 2008 when Ming severed contact with Childish. Ming and Childish began recording again in 2011 and released a new collaborative release in 2012.

In 1999, Ming was one of the 13 original members of the Stuckists, a pro-figurative painting, anti-conceptual art, group, which was co-founded by fellow Medway Poets, Billy Childish and Charles Thomson. He exhibited in the group's shows, most notably being one of the "featured artists" in their first national museum exhibition, The Stuckists Punk Victorian, at the Walker Art Gallery during the 2004 Liverpool Biennial. He left the Stuckists in 2005 to pursue a solo career. He exhibits at the L-13 Gallery, London. In 2012, Ming contributed artwork to "The King of The Shale" single by Ex-Hefner guitarist Jack Hayter on Audio Antihero records.

He is married to Stuckist artist Ella Guru.

Solo albums, unless stated otherwise

 * Old Horse of the Nation (1987) [Billy Childish appears on most tracks]
 * Ban the Mindreader (1987) [The Mindreaders]
 * Six More Miles to the Graveyard (1988)
 * Birds With Teeth (1991)
 * Master of Gibberish (1993)
 * Endless Discipline (1993) [Sexton Ming and The Diamond Gussets]
 * Rogue Male (1997) [Sexton Ming and Steady]
 * Marshan Love Secrets (1998)
 * A Lifetime of Nervous Gutaches #1: Rare Recordings 1979–2002 (2003)
 * Crumb Girl (2003)
 * Funk Child (2004)
 * Out to Stud (2005)
 * A Lifetime of Nervous Gutaches Volume 2: Rare Recordings 1979–2005 (2005)
 * A Taste of Wood (2006) [Sexton Ming and Stout]
 * Punks are sad, Hippies are cool (2007)
 * A Lifetime of Nervous Gut Aches Vol. 3 Rare recordings 1979–2010 (2010)
 * Live at the 12 Bar (2010) [The Talented Losers (Sexton Ming and Colin Shaddick)]
 * We Steal your Girlfriend (2010) [The Talented Losers (Sexton Ming and Colin Shaddick)]
 * Hotchicu Blues (2010) [The Talented Losers (Sexton Ming and Colin Shaddick)]
 * For the Love of Scrap (2011) [The Talented Losers (Sexton Ming and Colin Shaddick)]
 * Beer Mat Chronicles (2011) [The Talented Losers (Sexton Ming and Colin Shaddick)]
 * Coming Face to Face (2012)

With Billy Childish

 * Which Dead Donkey Daddy? (1987)
 * Plump Prizes & Little Gems (1987)
 * Ypres 1917 Overture (Verdun Ossuary) (1988)
 * The Cheeky Cheese (1999)
 * Here Comes the Fleece Geese (2002)
 * Dung Beetle Rolls Again (2012)

title: Sexton Ming


text: User talk:70.24.147.219

title: User talk:70.24.147.219


text:
User talk:Dbenbenn/Image tutorial

Hi, I just discovered a faster alternative to pnmcrop when converting from postscript:

convert -trim foo.ps foo.png

seems to be faster (and neater) than

convert foo.ps foo.pnm && pnmcrop < foo.pnm | pnmtopng > foo.png

Enjoy! Lupin 03:22, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dbenbenn/Image tutorial


text:
Talk:Dreamgirls

Untitled
wow! beyonce as effie?
 * Apparently, she is now to play Deena, which is maybe just a little bit TOO ironic. --FuriousFreddy 00:52, 14 May 2005 (UTC)

Happy Ending?
Perhaps the plot summary was taken from the broadway booklet, or some other official form, but I think it is really too simplistic to claim that "the story ends with a happy ending for all." I think it's fairly obvious that there is a bitter-sweet ending, in truth, probably leaning much more towards the 'bitter' end of the spectrum. 65.92.63.76 03:25, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

Contains error: Second sentence, reference to the Shirelles: This was not a Motown group. It was from the Philadelphia area and recorded on an independewnt label based in Philadelphia that was -- in a rarity for the time -- headed by a woman. The Shirelles started scoring hit records around 1959 or so -- ahead of the rise of Motown and its female singing groups. None of this is to say that the Shirelles were or were not part of the inspiration for "Dreamgirls." It was a three-member group of African-American women. Rogerbryant 02:28, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

S. Epatha Merkerson
S. Epatha Merkerson of TVs "Law and Order" said she participated in a workshop of Dreamgirls when it was still referred to as Project #9 on an episode of The View. She went into greater detail about the character she helped develope and the changes that were eventually made to the show. (Her character was dropped.) I tried to find more information about this online, because I don't remember all the details. Once more complete info is found, I think this bit of trivia is worth including under the History section.

The famous Amateur Night talent competition at the Apollo Theatre in Chicago?
Shouldn't the section in ACT I read "the famous Amateur Night talent competition at the Apollo Theatre in Harlem NY"? The Apollo Theater in Harlem NY is the home of the world famous Amateur Night for over the past 80 some-odd years.
 * Will fix. --FuriousFreddy 01:21, 26 August 2007 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: No consensus to move – This is not a vote guys; most of you haven't given any reasons and/or evidence why the move should be carried out. There's no way to determine consensus here. The only reason given is not really valid I'm afraid, since "first to be produced" doesn't necessarily mean it's the primary topic. If there is evidence that there is a primary topic, you can make a new move request. ≈ Chamal talk ¤ 10:13, 8 March 2010 (UTC)

Dreamgirls (musical) → Dreamgirls — The article was controversially moved to the current location recently without discussion or consensus. The musical is the primary topic and a dab page for two articles is not necessary. Aspects (talk) 21:37, 28 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Mark E (talk) 22:31, 28 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Agreed. -- Ssilvers (talk) 23:16, 28 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Agreed. The musical was the first to be produced, and should be considered primary.JeanColumbia (talk) 11:49, 1 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Oppose unless primary topic status can be established. Original vs. derivative and/or original title do not suffice.  —   AjaxSmack   21:52, 1 March 2010 (UTC)
 * oppose--Levineps (talk) 05:39, 3 March 2010 (UTC)

Discussion
Still no arguments for a move. Highly popular multiple award-winning musical vs. highly popular multiple award-winning movie = no primary topic. The original title dates from before the movie's release so precedent arguments are weak. Derivative arguments also do not, by themselves, establish primacy. Please comment if I'm missing something. —  AjaxSmack   19:57, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 one external links on Dreamgirls. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091120195310/http://www.playbill.com:80/news/article/134661-Not-Going-So-Fast-Dreamgirls-Extends-by-a-Week-at-NYCs-Apollo to http://www.playbill.com/news/article/134661-Not-Going-So-Fast-Dreamgirls-Extends-by-a-Week-at-NYCs-Apollo
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090301030949/http://www.playbill.com:80/news/article/97516.html to http://www.playbill.com/news/article/97516.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110211025852/http://tuts.com/Images/SeasonShowDocs/dreamgirls_study.pdf to http://www.tuts.com/Images/SeasonShowDocs/dreamgirls_study.pdf

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Interesting casting choices
The last column of the 'Casts of notable productions' section (titled '2017 UK tour') is nonsense. None of those actors have ever been in any production of Dreamgirls.

82.28.236.173 (talk) 20:20, 24 November 2020 (UTC)
 * It has been removed. Thanks! BOVINEBOY 2008 16:59, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dreamgirls


text:
User talk:RunningEagle

Welcome!

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title: User talk:RunningEagle


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/2005 Britannica takeover of Wikimedia/Archive

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was move to Wikipedia talk:2005 Britannica takeover of Wikimedia/archive. I deleted the redirect at the original namespace. Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 20:27, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Talk:2005 Britannica takeover of Wikimedia/Archive
Delete. Wikipedia does not want humor in any of its articles. 66.91.63.100 03:28, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep (and move to wherever it is that its corresponding article ends up). I originally removed the vfd notice from this page, as no subpage had been created, it hadn't been listed on vfd, and deleting a talk page archive is nonsensical, but since the anon reverted me, I'm bringing it to today's vfd page for resolution. —Korath (Talk) 10:21, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Obvious keep. It's a talk archive and those shouldn't be deleted without a really good reason. Jeltz talk  11:02, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It is a talk page and I do not see a sufficient reason to delete it. Zzyzx11 | Talk 12:59, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep "Wikipedia does not want humor in any of its articles.", and this isn't an article. Move it to whereever the article goes. It's an historic archive of discussion related to the page and should be kept for anyone who wants to delete it or learn about its origins. Mgm|(talk) 19:50, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Talk page with no accompanying article. RickK 20:24, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, so you want to delete all archived talk pages? Dave the Red (talk) 06:24, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and move to the BJAODN subpage where the main article ended up.--cesarb 01:24, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and rename/move to stay with its parent page as Cesarb suggested. Barno 15:43, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * keep talk pages if you will Yuckfoo 06:43, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Sayfo

Images
Assyrian capture of Urmia in 1918

According to historian David Gaunt, a primary characteristic was the total targeting of the Assyrian population, including farming villages as well as rebelling mountain tribes. The killing in rural regions was more extensive, while some survived the massacres in cities; Gaunt states that this indicates that a primary aim was the confiscation of land. The property, villages and animals of the villagers were destroyed totally to prevent their return. In most areas, the genocide occurred between June and October 1915.

title: Talk:Sayfo


text:
User:Prendergast

Patrick Lee Prendergast
Born on 11/25/77, is an aspiring comic book artist, who longs for attention.

title: User:Prendergast


text:
Myron Thompson

Myron D. Thompson (April 23, 1936 – January 5, 2019) was a Conservative Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of Canada. He represented the riding of Wild Rose in Alberta.

Early life and education
A dual citizen of Canada and the United States, Thompson was born and raised in Monte Vista, Colorado. At the age 19 he tried out for the New York Yankees as a catcher, but failed to make the team due to Yogi Berra's dominance at the position. Years later in a meeting with U.S. President George W. Bush, upon hearing of the tryout, Bush looked at Thompson's hands and guessed which position he played.

In the 1950s, Thompson studied at Adams State College in Colorado, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration and Education.

Career
Thompson served in the United States Army from 1958 to 1960. He moved to Canada in 1968 and became a citizen in 1974. For 23 years, Thompson was a high school teacher and then principal, and later became the mayor of Sundre, Alberta, serving from 1974 to 1980.

Thompson was first elected to Parliament in 1993 as a member of the Reform Party, and continued to serve under its successors the Canadian Alliance and the Conservative Party of Canada. He became known for wearing a cowboy hat, and lobbied unsuccessfully to be allowed to wear it on the floor of the Commons. He claimed that the cowboy hat was part of his heritage, and he had as much right to wear it as MPs had the right to wear turbans or native feathers.

While serving in opposition, Thompson was harshly critical of the Liberal government. Issues he has focused on include government spending, same-sex marriage, victims' rights, child pornography, and prison reform.

In 1994, the Reform Party passed a policy at its national convention to deny family benefits to same-sex couples. Thompson said at the time, "I do not hate homosexuals – I hate homosexuality."

In 2001, Thompson stated in question period that he felt too many RCMP officers were patrolling national parks searching for poachers instead of hunting in cities for terrorists.

Thompson was one of the loudest critics of former Prime Minister Jean Chrétien's decision that Canada would not take part in the multinational force in Iraq and the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

In 2006, after a decision to ban media members from the base where the bodies of Canadian soldiers were arriving from Afghanistan, Thompson said he would shoot any media member if they attempted to come on site to cover a dead son of his.

In June 2007, Thompson announced that he would not be running for re-election, and as a result stepped down from Parliament after the 2008 federal election.

Personal life
Thompson's son, Dennis Thompson, who also has dual American-Canadian citizenship, enlisted in the U.S. Army in 1996 and later served for a year in Iraq and Afghanistan. Thompson died of pancreatic cancer on January 5, 2019, at the age of 82.

title: Myron Thompson


text:
Hafler Trio

The Hafler Trio is an English conceptual, performance and sound art collaborative project. It was originally a duo formed in the early 1980s by Andrew McKenzie and Chris Watson. The third person in the 'trio' was a fictional scientist named Dr. Edward Moolenbeek. The Hafler Trio became the solo project of McKenzie (although often working with guest artists) with a strong focus on dadaesque sound art works and multimedia work. His recordings often having carefully and elaborately designed packaging. Chris Watson went on to a critically regarded career as a field recording artist and sound engineer.

Since, Andrew M. McKenzie's Hafler Trio project has seen the release of numerous albums and CDs in experimental musical styles ranging from electronic, cut-up, ambient, environmental soundscape, musique concrète, electro-acoustic, and audio-montage as cinema for the ears from 1982 to present, each of which use graphic design and text for contextual juxtaposition with the recordings, as well as having a diverse but concrete philosophical and sometimes quasi-religious framework to place them in.

History
Despite the name, The Hafler Trio is essentially the work of one man, Andrew M. McKenzie, born in Scotland in 1963 and whose family moved to Newcastle upon Tyne shortly after. McKenzie released his first 7" single at the age of 16, having formed a post-punk rock group named Flesh.

There have been numerous members and collaborators alongside Andrew M. McKenzie, including Cabaret Voltaire co-founder Chris Watson, the fictitious Dr. Edward Moolenbeek, Steven Stapleton of Nurse With Wound, Adi Newton of Clock DVA, Z'EV, Fluxus artist Willem de Ridder, David Tibet (of Current 93), Genesis P-Orridge, Annie Sprinkle, Jónsi Birgisson (of Sigur Rós), Michael Gira (of Swans and Angels of Light), Chloe Vevrier, Erla Þórarinsdóttir, Blixa Bargeld, Netochka Nezvanova, Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson, Jóhann Jóhannsson, John Lacey of COUM Transmissions, and Autechre among many others. McKenzie was also part of Whitehouse along with Steven Stapleton and William Bennett for their first live performance.

In addition to the 6-part retrospective set released by The Grey Area of Mute Records titled The Golden Hammer (including many early LPs and EPs such as The Sea Org, "Bang" – An Open Letter, Three Ways of Saying Two, All That Rises Must Converge, Seven Hours Sleep, A Thirsty Fish and more), CD releases include: Intoutof, A Bag of Cats, Mastery of Money, How to Reform Mankind, with several notable stand-out collaborations: One Dozen Economical Stories by Peter Greenaway, Nurse With Wound and the Hafler Trio Hit Again! (collaboration with Nurse with Wound), Snuff (with Willem De Ridder), Soundtrack to Brion Gysin's 'Dreamachine' (which included detailed historical documentation and instructions for use), a substantial 2-part collaboration with Autechre, and most recently a three part collaboration with Jónsi Birgisson of Sigur Rós.

2009 saw the shutdown of the Brainwashed h3o website, the renunciation of conventional CD releases, almost all internet activity, and the exclusive concentration on methods of "complementary education" and related disciplines referenced by and developed in tandem with the work of The Hafler Trio since its inception, under the umbrella of Simply Superior. The website, simplysuperior.org, became the only official source of information about The Hafler Trio and related matters.

In 2017, Andrew McKenzie was interviewed by the Data.Wave webzine.

Selected body of audio work

 * The Hafler Trio – An Introduction (1983, Cassette, ROBOL Sound Recordings (UK), white plastic wallet, cards, this is first release)
 * "BANG" – An Open Letter (1984 LP, Re-issued on CD with extra material in 1994)
 * Soundtrack To "Alternation, Perception, And Resistance" – A Comprehension Exercise (1985 12", Re-issued as part of the 1994 CD, "Walk Gently Through the Gates of Joy")
 * Seven Hours Sleep (1985 Double LP, Re-issued on CD in 1994 and re-issued/re-mastered again on CD in 2006)
 * Hotondo Kiki Torenai (1985 Cassette, Limited edition of 100)
 * Brain Song (1986 12", Limited edition of 1000, Re-issued in 1987 as the A side of a split LP with Luciano Dari titled "Ben, Ruach, Ab, Shaloshethem, Yechad Thaubodo / Idrogeni Superiori", Re-issued again on CD with extra material as part of the 1994 CD, "All That Rises Must Converge" Some of the original material actually recorded by Ema Maynard now known as Ema Lea)
 * Redintegrate (1986 Cassette, Re-issued on CD in 1991)
 * The Sea Org (1986 10", Re-issued on CD with extra material as part of the 1994 CD, "All That Rises Must Converge" and re-issued/re-mastered again in 2004 on CD with completely different extra material under the original title of "The Sea Org")
 * Three Ways of Saying Two (1986 LP, Re-issued on CD with extra material as part of the 1994 CD, "Four Ways of Saying Five")
 * A Thirsty Fish (1987 Double LP, Re-issued on CD in 1994 with fewer tracks, then re-issued/re-mastered in full on Double CD in 2005)
 * Dislocation (1987 Cassette, Re-issued on CD in 1990)
 * Nurse With Wound and the Hafler Trio Hit Again! (with Nurse With Wound) (1987 Cassette, Re-issued on CD in 1995 under the title, "The Murray Fontana Orchestra Plays The Hafler Trio" in a limited edition of 1000)
 * Untitled (with Thee Temple Ov Psychick Youth) (1987 Cassette, Limited edition of 100, somewhat re-issued on the 1989 release, "Present Brion Gysin's Dreamachine")
 * Intoutof (1988 LP, Re-issued on Limited edition CD in 1990 and again in 1998)
 * Ignotum per Ignotius (1989 CD, Re-issued/re-mastered in 2007)
 * Present Brion Gysin's Dreamachine (with Thee Temple Ov Psychick Youth) (1989 LP and CD, larger scale re-issue of 1987 cassette, "Untitled")
 * A Bag of Cats (1990 CD, Re-issued in 1992)
 * Alaura/Slave Priest (1990 CD Single)
 * Kuklos (1990 Cassette)
 * Kill The King (1991 CD, Re-issued/re-mastered in 2003)
 * Masturbatorium (with Annie Sprinkle) (1991 CD)
 * The Hafler Trio Play The Hafler Trio (1991 CD)
 * The Hafler Trio Play The Hafler Trio Play The Hafler Trio (1991 Cassette, Limited edition of 30)
 * FUCK (1992 CD)
 * Mastery of Money (1992 CD, Re-issued/re-mastered in 2004)
 * Snuff (with Willem De Ridder) (1992 CD)
 * Resurrection (with The Sons of God) (1993 CD)
 * Walk Gently Through the Gates of Joy (1994 CD)
 * Four Ways of Saying Five (1994 CD)
 * All That Rises Must Converge (1994 CD)
 * Designer Time (with Reptilicus) (1994 CD)
 * How To Reform Mankind (1994 CD, Re-issued/re-mastered in 2004)
 * Negentropy (1994 LP, Limited edition of 1000)
 * One Dozen Economical Stories by Peter Greenaway (1994 CD)
 * Unentitled (with Zoviet France and Jim O'Rourke) (1995 CD)
 * An Utterance of the Supreme Ventriloquist (1996 LP, Limited edition of 451, then re-issued/re-mastered in 2005 on a CD limited to 1000 copies)
 * I Was There/That Would Be (with Stilluppsteypa) (1996 7", Limited edition of 500)
 * Infidelity to Reason (1996 7", Limited edition of 111)
 * Right Here Where You Are Sitting Now (1996 7", Limited edition of 333)
 * The Day I Married The World (1996 7", Limited edition of 479)
 * Who Sees Goes On #1: Timerape (1997 10", Limited edition of 333, 111 of which are signed)
 * Who Sees Goes On #2: Broadcast in White (1997 10", Limited edition of 333, 111 of which are signed)
 * Who Sees Goes On #3: Lipchamber (1997 10", Limited edition of 333, 111 of which are signed)
 * Who Sees Goes On #4: Godfood (1997 10", Limited edition of 333, 111 of which are signed)
 * Who Sees Goes On #5: Solvitur Ambulado (1997 10", Limited edition of 333, 111 of which are signed)
 * Who Sees Goes On #6: Dream Adjustments (1997 10", Limited edition of 333, 111 of which are signed)
 * Who Sees Goes On #7: Avec Le Vide Les Pleins Pouvoirs  (1997 10", Limited edition of 333, 111 of which are signed)
 * Who Sees Goes On (1998 Boxed 10" Set with bonus CD titled "Hand Wave", Limited edition of 46, 25 without the original cover)
 * Hljóðmynd (2000 CD, Limited edition of 1000)
 * Cleave: 9 Great Openings (2002 CD)
 * La Chanson Dada (2002 10", Limited edition of 500)
 * A House Waiting For Its Master (2003 10", Limited edition of 400)
 * A Small Child Dreams Of Voiding The Plague (2003 CD, Limited edition of 500, 100 of which come with a signed photo)
 * æ³o & h³æ (with Autechre) (2003 Double CD)
 * How To Slice A Loaf of Bread (2003 Triple CD, Limited edition of 500)
 * Kisses With Both Hands From Gods Little Toy (2003 CD, Limited edition of 500, 100 of which come with a signed photo)
 * No Man Put Asunder: 7 Fruitful and Seamless Unions (2003 CD, Limited edition of 1500)
 * No More Twain, Of One Flesh: 11 Unequivocal Obsecrations (2003 CD, Limited edition of 1000)
 * Normally (with Blixa Bargeld) (2003 Double CD, Limited edition of 500)
 * The Birds Must Be Eliminated (2003 10", Limited edition of 500)
 * The Man Who Tried To Disappear (2003 10", Limited edition of 500)
 * The Moment When We Blow The Flour From Our Tongues (2003 10", Limited edition of 500)
 * Untitled (with Ditterich Von Euler-Donnersperg) (2003 7", Limited edition of 500, 200 of which come with an additional 7" by Kontakt Der Jünglinge and Asmus Tietchens)
 * Whistling About Chickens (2003, Double CD)
 * "How To Slice A Loaf of Bread (Lengthwise)" (2004, Triple CD, Limited Edition of 500, volume two of the series)
 * Anything That Anyone Else Tells You Is Not Good Enough (2004 12", Limited edition of 500)
 * Where Are You? (with David Tibet) (2004 CD, A separate limited edition of 93 copies also exists)
 * Exactly As I Say (with Jónsi Birgisson) (2004 CD, A separate limited edition of 111 copies also exists)
 * I Never Knew That's Who You Thought You Were (2004 CD, Limited edition of 500, 100 of which come with a signed photo)
 * Only The Hand That Erases Can Write The True Thing (2004 Double 10", Separate limited editions of 100 white vinyl and 500 clear vinyl)
 * Scissors Cut Arrow (2004 Double CD with DVD (PAL), Limited edition of 500)
 * The Concentrated Recapturing of Thought (2004 10", Limited edition of 500)
 * Wolf Sheep Cabbage (Evidence Pertaining to the Destroyer) (2004 7", Limited edition of 333, the first 33 of which are signed)
 * Wolf Sheep Cabbage (Evidence Pertaining to the Creator) (2004 7", Limited edition of 333, the first 33 of which are signed)
 * Wolf Sheep Cabbage (Evidence Pertaining to the Preserver) (2004 7", Limited edition of 333, the first 33 of which are signed)
 * Á Ég Að Halda Áfram? (2005 CD, Limited edition of 500, 100 of which come with a signed photo)
 * æo³ & ³hæ (with Autechre) (2005 Double CD)
 * Being A Firefighter Isn't Just About Squirting Water (2005 CD, Limited edition of 500, 100 of which come with a signed photo)
 * Exactly As I Am (with Jónsi Birgisson) (2005 Double CD)
 * Exactly As I Do (with Jónsi Birgisson) (2005 Double CD)
 * If Take, Then Take: Tricks, Half-Tricks and Real Phenomena (2005 LP, Limited edition of 400)
 * No One Remains (with Willem De Ridder) (2005 10" Boxed Set, Limited edition of 200)
 * The Explanation (with Fovea Hex) (2005 CD, Limited edition of 300)
 * The Water Has No Hair To Hold On To (2005 10", Limited edition of 500)
 * 3 Eggs (with Colin Potter and Andrew Liles) (2006 CD, Limited edition of 1000)
 * A Pressed on Sandwich (with Colin Potter) (2006 CD, Limited edition of 1010)
 * The Discussion (with Fovea Hex) (2006 CD, Limited edition of 300)
 * An Answer (with Fovea Hex) (2007 CD, Limited edition of 300)
 * Who Gave You The Ability To Envisage Perfection? (2007 7", Limited edition of 333)
 * ah³eo & ha³oe (with Autechre) (2011 Double DVD, 5.1 Audio, Limited edition of 1000)

Selected writings

 * Plucking Feathers From A Bald Frog (1991 Psychic Release Cerebrum and Press in Stockholm, A collection of Andrew M. McKenzie's texts from 1978 to 1991, Limited edition of 500)
 * A Conversation Through A Sheet of Glass in an Empty Room (1990 Psychic Release Cerebrum and Press in Stockholm, A text in 11 parts from 1990, unknown edition)
 * Just Because A Cat Has Her Kittens in the Oven Doesn't Make Them Biscuits (1992, Temple Press Limited in Brighton, UK, A film treatment in 31 scenes printed as part of a larger publication titled "Ratio 3/TransMediators" )

McKenzie's medical condition
In 2004, Andrew announced that he was suffering from diagnosed hepatitis B and autoimmune hepatitis. Both of these conditions require drugs which McKenzie has stated he cannot afford.

title: Hafler Trio


text: User talk:24.20.92.231

title: User talk:24.20.92.231


text:
Arpad Elo

Arpad Emmerich Elo ( August 25, 1903 – November 5, 1992) was a Hungarian-American physics professor who created the Elo rating system for two-player games such as chess.

Born in Egyházaskesző, Kingdom of Hungary, he moved to the United States with his parents in 1913. He was a professor of physics at Marquette University in Milwaukee and a chess master. By the 1930s he was the strongest chess player in Milwaukee, at the time one of the nation's leading chess cities. He won the Wisconsin State Championship eight times, and was the 11th person inducted into the World Chess Hall of Fame.

Death
Elo died of a heart attack at his home in Brookfield, Wisconsin, on November 5, 1992.

The Elo rating system
Elo is known for his chess player rating system. The original player rating system was developed in 1950 by Kenneth Harkness, the Business Manager of the United States Chess Federation. By 1960, using the data developed through the Harkness Rating System, Elo developed his own formula which had a sound statistical basis and constituted an improvement on the Harkness System. The new rating system was approved and passed at a meeting of the United States Chess Federation in St. Louis in 1960.

In 1970, FIDE, the World Chess Federation, agreed to adopt the Elo Rating System. From then on until the mid-1980s, Elo himself made the rating calculations. At the time, the computational task was relatively easy because fewer than 2000 players were rated by FIDE.

FIDE reassigned the task of managing and computing the ratings to others, excluding Elo. FIDE also added new "Qualification for Rating" rules to its handbook awarding arbitrary ratings (typically in the 2200 range, which is the low end for a chess master) for players who scored at least 50 percent in the games played at selected events, such as named Chess Olympiads.

Books

 * The Rating of Chess Players, Past and Present (First Edition 1978, Second Edition 1986), Arco. ISBN 0-668-04721-6

title: Arpad Elo


text:
User:Themanwithoutapast

 * }

The name
My nick is themanwithoutapast and I think it's rather obvious that this is not my real name. It's the film title of the 2002 Golden Palme winner in Cannes of famous Finnish director Aki Kaurismäki. So that's were the name comes from (if anybody is interested).

Articles on Austria
My major contributions up to now were predominatly articles related to Austria, I'm not quite sure why... Articles I've contributed to or started include:

 * the Anschluss (large rewrite, restructure and additions)
 * List of Austrians (complete restructure and sublists)
 * List of Austrian writers
 * List of Austrian Scientists
 * List of Austrians in music
 * List of Austrian mountaineers
 * List of Austrian artists and architects
 * List of Austrian actors
 * List of Austrian Politicians

 * Austria (history, culture and general additions and improvement)
 * Economy of Austria

Austrian people:

and others
 * Wolfgang Schüssel
 * Kurt Waldheim
 * Rudolf Kirchschläger
 * Paul Watzlawick
 * Viktor Frankl
 * Inge Morath
 * Peter Aufschnaiter
 * Alfred Hermann Fried
 * Joseph Schumpeter
 * Elias Canetti
 * Herbert Tichy
 * Christian Doppler
 * Robert Bernardis
 * Carl Szokoll

Other articles

 * Crew Exploration Vehicle
 * ESA (general restructure and expansion -> looks good now)
 * Economy of the European Union

Images listed for deletion
Some of your images or media files have been listed for deletion. Please see Images and media for deletion if you are interested in preserving them. Thank you. - ARC Gritt TALK 13:25, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

title: User:Themanwithoutapast


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gallery of pages from the Vienna Dioscurides

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Tony Sidaway|Talk 14:00, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Gallery of pages from the Vienna Dioscurides
'''Very important points have been made at Votes for deletion/Gallery of illuminated manuscript images in favor of keeping. I suggest all of you to read it and synchronize your votes there and here.''' Mikkalai 00:28, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

''The creator of this VfD page (me) is a moron' - I meant the gallery of course since it is all images. Precedent was set on this issue by the Yucca Mountain article and the deletion of Yucca Mountain/images. I apologize for posting the wrong link at the top of my VfD even though this page is Votes for deletion/Gallery of pages from the Vienna Dioscurides. Sorry for my mistake and I cannot be sure how many of those votes are because of my stupidity.... Unless this gallery page has some encyclopedic value then the place for image galleries is in the commons. gren 22:00, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The vote from this precedent is found at Votes for deletion/Yucca Mountain/Images. This vote received no votes other than the nominator, gren.  I do not believe that this is adequate to establish a consensus for deletion, or is adequate to establish a precedent that could wipe out an entire category of articles.  There are 144 articles in Category:Wikipedia image galleries, and not all image galleries have been categorized.  It also doesn't seem to me that the folk at Commons have come to a consensus as to whether or not images will be grouped into articles or categories there.  If they decide against having galleries, we will be left without the content, having deleted ours.  Now as to if there is some encyclopedic value to image galleries, I would say yes. One of the great advantages of Wikipedia is that it is not paper. One of the great drawbacks of traditional encyclopedias is that the number of images limited because they are expensive.  When discussing an art object (which is what I consider the Vienna Dioscurides to be) the best way to understand it is to see it.  With a complex object like a codex, you need many pictures to understand it.  I felt when I created this article that separating the pictures into a gallery made the main article less ugly, but I consider them absolutely essential to understanding the piece. I am uncomfortable having the main gallery being on another project and which will include text in multiple languages as Wikicommons evolves.  Perhaps I erred and should have just included the gallery in the main article, as has been done for Codex Aureus of Lorsch, but I find this very ugly. Dsmdgold 00:10, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, by encyclopedic value I meant words a number of words (other than captions) to explain the images. Yes pictures have encyclopedic value, however, I don't believe they have a need to be duplicated on commons and Wikipedia if there is not going to be a big article with them.  There will be arbitration on this issue in the near future no doubt  gren 02:14, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Insisting that words are the key to having encyclodedic value is, in my mind, simply wrong when dealing with art objects. Commons is not an encyclopedia and certainly not an English language encyclopedia. Using Commons to provide galleries for the English Wikipedia will result in the linking to articles like this, which is simply unacceptable for an English language encyclopedia.

Vienna Dioscurides replaces the need for this page as media pages should be migrated to commons (especially when all of the files are already commons).

 * Delete Commons > wikipedia gallery. gren 03:36, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Huh? I'm afraid I don't understand.  Why do we want an English language article on the commons?  I thought the commons was to be used for images to be used by all language Wikipedias.  Are we now planning on making every article part of the Commons?  Keep.  RickK 06:48, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, seems absolutely noteable. Martg76 07:18, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * If the VfD is on the Gallery page, I change my vote to Delete/Transwiki. Martg76 15:32, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and "Huh?" as above. Kappa 13:21, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep The link from to this page was removed from the article Vienna Dioscurides was removed by Grenavitar. In the Edit Summary he wrote "commons make that page useless". I would argue that that is not so. A newcomer to Wikipedia would not understand the purpose of the Commons link, but would understand the link to this article. Dsmdgold 14:25, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - if you really believe that is an issue (which I don't) you can make a link like Gallery of page from Vienna Dioscurides linking to the commons but showing that it is the gallery. gren 22:02, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, One can do that. But consider this scenario: some one has a list of specific manuscripts they want to read about. They read the Vienna Dioscurides article, follow the link to commons, are not aware that they have left Wikipedia, look at the pretty pictures, decide to go to the next manuscript, and type in "Book of Kells" in the search box and hit go. They get this rather than this.  At this point, the poor user is confused and we have failed them. Dsmdgold 10:47, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment: It seems that this VfD actually was supposed to target Gallery of pages from the Vienna Dioscurides, not Vienna Dioscurides. Martg76 17:10, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * delete and do as gren says. Mikkalai 01:59, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)...er... done as grey says. Mikkalai 02:01, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Notable pictures. Klonimus 07:17, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to commons. - SimonP 12:57, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)

'''Very important points have been made at Votes for deletion/Gallery of illuminated manuscript images in favor of keeping. I suggest all of you to read it and synchronize your votes there and here.''' Mikkalai 00:28, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Melissa Pastore

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 19:50, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)

Melissa Pastore
Delete This article obviously does not belong in Wikipedia. Looks like a copy paste from a personal webpage. --DuKot 03:37, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: delete for now. She may end up being considerably more famous, but right now she's nothing but the nobody widow of a dead somebody. --Durin 03:48, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Garbage. Delete. - Mike Rosoft 14:56, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I've put a NPOV tag on this article for form, in case anyone happens across it during the discussion period.  (I've also blanked a whole load of personally identifying information including telephone numbers and home addresses.) This article is horrendously non-neutral, quoting from records and then editorializing (for example: "Comment: Kinda cuts to the heart of the credibility question, doesn't it?"), and badly written, much of it being written in the first person.  If it were cleaned up, however, there wouldn't be much left.  This woman is the widow of Eugene Scott, and the only thing that this article tells us (in amongst all of the editorializing, "maybe"s, and "possibly"s) is that her maiden name was "Melissa Peroff" and that someone sued her once.  This hardly satisfies the criteria for inclusion of biographies. *Delete. Uncle G 16:03, 2005 Apr 18 (UTC)
 * Delete Gibberish with no likelihood of becoming encyclopedic. Johntex 17:07, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 'Delete. I've never heard of her, and I'd be surprised if (in a couple of generations) my children have heard of her either. Master Thief Garrett 03:33, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Gary Rossington

Gary Robert Rossington (December 4, 1951 – March 5, 2023) was an American musician best known as a founding guitarist of Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd, with whom he performed until his death. Rossington was also a founding member of the Rossington Collins Band, along with former bandmate Allen Collins. Rossington was the last surviving founding member of Lynyrd Skynyrd and the only original member left in the band at the time of his death.

Early life
Rossington was born in Jacksonville, Florida. His mother recalled that he had a strong childhood interest in baseball and aspired as a child to one day play for the New York Yankees. Rossington recalled that he was a "good ball player" but upon hearing the Rolling Stones in his early teens he became interested in music and ultimately gave up on his baseball aspirations.

It was Rossington's love of baseball that indirectly led to the formation of Lynyrd Skynyrd in the summer of 1964. He became acquainted with Ronnie Van Zant and Bob Burns while playing on rival Jacksonville baseball teams and the trio decided to jam together one afternoon after Burns was injured by a ball hit by Van Zant. They set up their equipment in the carport of Burns' parents' house and played The Rolling Stones' then-current hit "Time Is on My Side". Liking what they heard, they immediately decided to form a band. Naming themselves The Noble Five, with the additions of guitarist Allen Collins and bassist Larry Junstrom, they later changed the name of the band to The One Percent before eventually settling on the name Lynyrd Skynyrd in 1969.

Rossington grew up in a single-parent household and said that early in their relationship, Van Zant became something of a father figure to him. He credited Van Zant, who was three years his senior, with teaching him and his bandmates how to drive a car, as well as introducing them to "all that stuff you learn when you're 14, 15, 16".

According to a New York Times article, Lacy Van Zant, patriarch of the Van Zant family, once went to West Jacksonville's Robert E. Lee High School to plead Rossington's case to school administrators after the fatherless Rossington was suspended for having long hair. Lacy Van Zant explained to the assistant principal that Rossington's father, who died shortly after Rossington was born, had died in the Army and that Rossington's mother needed the money Rossington made playing in his band. Lacy Van Zant further explained that, like his own sons, they were working men and long hair was part of the job. It is not known if the elder Van Zant's efforts were successful, but Rossington later dropped out of high school to focus on Lynyrd Skynyrd full-time.

Career
Rossington's instrument of choice was a 1959 Gibson Les Paul which he had purchased from a woman whose boyfriend had left her and left behind his guitar. He named it "Berniece" in honor of his mother, whom he was extremely close to after the death of his father. Rossington played lead guitar on "Tuesday's Gone" and the slide guitar for "Free Bird". Along with Collins, Rossington also provided the guitar work for "Simple Man". Besides the Les Paul, he used various other Gibson Guitars including Gibson SGs. Gibson also released a Gary Rossington SG/Les Paul in their Custom Shop. For most of his career, he played through Marshall and Peavey amplifiers.

In 1976, Rossington and fellow Skynyrd guitarist Allen Collins were both involved in separate car accidents in their hometown of Jacksonville. Rossington had just bought a new Ford Torino and hit an oak tree while under the influence of alcohol and other drugs. The band was forced to postpone a tour scheduled to begin a few days later, and Rossington was fined US$5,000 for the delay his actions caused to the band's schedule. The song "That Smell", written by Van Zant and Collins, was based on the wreck and Rossington's state of influence from drugs and alcohol that caused it.

Rossington was one of 20 passengers who survived the October 20, 1977, plane crash near McComb, Mississippi, that claimed the lives of Lynyrd Skynyrd members Ronnie Van Zant, Steve Gaines, Cassie Gaines, and three others. As the passengers braced for impact, Rossington recalls hearing what sounded like hundreds of baseball bats hitting the plane's fuselage as it began striking trees. The sound got louder and louder until Rossington was knocked unconscious; he awoke some time later on the ground with the plane's door on top of him. Days later, Rossington was informed in the hospital by his mother that Van Zant and the others had been killed. Rossington recovered from his injuries and played on stage again, with steel rods in his right arm and right leg.

Though in time Rossington fully recovered from the severe injuries sustained in the crash, he battled serious drug addiction for several years, largely the result of his heavy dependence on pain medication taken during his recovery from the plane crash. Rossington co-founded the Rossington Collins Band with Collins in 1980. The band released two albums, but disbanded in 1982 after the death of Collins' wife, Kathy. Along with his wife, Dale Krantz-Rossington, he then formed The Rossington Band, which released two albums in 1986 and 1988. Until his death in 2023, Rossington still played with Lynyrd Skynyrd. With the death of bassist Larry Junstrom in 2019, he became the last surviving original member of the band.

Personal life and death
Rossington and Dale Krantz-Rossington were married in 1982 and had two daughters. Rossington suffered a heart attack on October 8, 2015, after which two Lynyrd Skynyrd concerts had to be canceled. In July 2021, he underwent emergency heart surgery.

Rossington died at his home in Milton, Georgia, on March 5, 2023, at age 71. The cause of his death was not revealed.

title: Gary Rossington


text:
Talk:Discussion and clarification of PPP

I'm not sure if a "Discussion and clarification" page has a special status, but I've treated it as a normal page. There is a sentence on the page which I haven't changed but am unsure about. I wonder if anyone has an opinion about this: "Ultimately, the quality of life will depend on subjective judgement and individual preferences." Is this anything more than a platitude? I hate to be critical, but I'd like to know if this has a place in the Wikipedia before I start removing sentiments like that. Perhaps it's an approved style.


text:
Talk:Battle of Baxter Springs

Copyright?
Not a copyright violation. The source is public domain. -- brian0918 ™  03:43, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Baxter Springs

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moved back. BusterD (talk) 14:04, 7 November 2014 (UTC)

Why is this battle named Baxter Springs, I just read the article and it says the battle occurred at Fort Blair, Baxter Springs is mentioned once but by looking at this page and the Baxter Springs Kansas page, the town did not exist at the time of the battle. The fighting occurred near where the town would eventually be built. Generally battles are named after their location. Wouldn't the Battle of Fort Blair be the more proper name for this battle? I wil rename the battle to the name used during the actual conflict and not the name used years after the battle was over. I will leave the Battle of Baxter Srpings and Baxter Springs Massacre in the text to show the other, more later, names of the engagement. --Az81964444 (talk) 19:03, 22 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Object to this move, though I see your argument and have no problem with your good faith boldness. My problem with the move is that you've provided no citation or source material to back your point of view, however logical. I can, on the other hand, point to dozens of online and in-print sources which call the battle by its location, for example "near Baxter Springs," and "camp at the Springs" by someone who was actually present on October 6, 1863, commanding general James G. Blunt's October 19, 1863 report (OR Series I, Volume 22, Part 1, Page 688, in the section entitled "Action at Baxter Springs, Kans."); "Baxter Springs" (Boatner, TCW Dictionary, p. 51), and the NPS site which is linked on the page. BusterD (talk) 23:30, 22 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Object on several grounds and will be changing the name back.  Here are the problems with the change that was made without consent:
 * 1. Baxter Springs Massacre or simply Baxter Springs is the most common name.  Albert Castel uses it, The Civil War Battlefield Guide uses it, Brownlee uses it, the history of the county from 1904, etc.  Sometimes one sees it as Fort Baxter.
 * 2. Fort Blair is conspicuously not used and will not be recognized by the reader.  I was trying to figure out what it was when I ended up on this page...
 * 3. The original claim that Baxter Springs as a place did not exist at the time is refuted by it being on the Official Records Atlas map of that section of Kansas.  It is also directly stated by Blunt as the location in his report.  And the History of Cherokee County, Kansas and representative citizens; Ed. and comp. by Nathaniel Thompson Allison, 1904 reports this: Baxter Springs took its name from A. Baxter, the first person to take a claim on the land on which the northeast part of the town was afterward built. According to the statement of Mrs. A. Willard, who is now 64 years old, and who has lived all her life in the neighborhood, 'Old Man Baxter' lighted upon his claim about the year 1850, and could, therefore, be nothing more than a 'squatter.'"  That it was incorporated as a city in 1867 does not change the fact that it was already a recognized place name.
 * 4. The full O.R. has many, many references to "Baxter Springs" before and after the massacre.
 * 5. I don't believe editors are supposed to coin new names for battles. Red Harvest (talk) 06:44, 7 November 2014 (UTC)

 * Comment At the suggestion of User:Red Harvest, I looked at the bold move by (now blocked) User:Az81964444. Clicking through sources, I couldn't find a single one which used the naming Battle of Fort Blair, though I did of course find numerous references to the fort, as it was the name of the post at the time of the incident. I moved the page back to Battle of Baxter Springs, then clicked through the pages which linked to the Fort Blair namespace, removing the double redirects. BusterD (talk) 13:55, 7 November 2014 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Infobox battle result
An IP editor at Fort Hays State is adding additional information to the infobox result, which per the APBB is classified as a "Confederate victory." Calling it a "raid victory" is contorted. Similarly, the other wording is inappropriate for what should be a simple summary, and is already covered in the text. While the small fort held out, there were extremely heavy Federal casualties because of the attack on Blunt's column, so I don't see a good reason to add "Fort Blair remains in Union hands" in the summary infobox result, especially considering it was abandoned shortly thereafter because of its vulnerability. It wasn't like it held strategic value and there wasn't an all out assault. It was typical of raiders (and guerrillas) attempting to capture such a position without heavy assault, and withdrawing in the face of determined defense. Absent the massacre and assuming that the raiders did not make and succeed in an all out assault because of the absence of Blunt, it would have been a Union victory.

Insertion of the additional wording carries some unnecessary bias that I believe it would be best to avoid. Red Harvest (talk) 00:47, 25 March 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Battle of Baxter Springs


text:
Talk:Warner Music Group

Help switching to new logo
I am an employee of Warner Music Group. I was hoping someone could help me switch out the old logo in the infobox. Below is the link to the new Warner Music Group logo, which as an employee of WMG I have just uploaded to Wikimedia Commons.

The third line in the infobox reading logo goes from:

 * logo = Warner Music Group 2013 logo.svg

to

 * logo = Warner Music Group Logo.png

The fourth line for logo caption should be changed to:

 * logo_caption = Warner Music Group logo as of November 2021

Thank you very much for your help.Music2022 (talk) 23:50, 6 November 2021 (UTC)

 * This request has now been answered. Music2022 (talk) 00:15, 7 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Warner Music Group


text:
User talk:Bdgrell

Battle of Baxter Springs
That page wasn't a copyright violation, because the site is public domain. -- brian0918 ™  03:45, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bdgrell


text: User talk:68.6.107.93

title: User talk:68.6.107.93


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yggdrasil (author)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 18:09, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)

Yggdrasil (author)
Not convinced of the notability. Quite a number of google hits (2000 contain the words "Yggrasil" and "nationalism", but I don't think all of them are about this guy), but that's only to be expected from someone whose vehicle for expression is the internet. Grutness|hello? 03:47, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yggdrasil's website ranks fifth in the Google Directory for White "Supremacy and Separatism" Organizations - Morning star 23:45, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - While I certainly understand questioning his notability (there being an inherent ring of non-notability to "anonymous Internet author"), I think he has made a substantial contribution to White nationalist discourse (one of his texts being used by the National Alliance, for example) —Morning star 05:53, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep I'm sure his works regularly pop up on stormfront. I just wonder if we have enough information to make an article. Klonimus 06:43, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Not only his works, but his posts have appeared on Stormfront, from 2001 to the present. Apparently he "had a major influence on [Stormfront]" and on Don Black's adoption and use of the term "White Nationalist" [ http://www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=38455]. - Morning star 23:45, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. -Sean Curtin 23:19, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Verifiability. Mikkalai 02:16, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. "Yggdrasil" was head seraphim in the game Tales of Symphonia, meaning this is likely just a hoax. Bky1701 06:58, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * That is irrelevant. Yggdrasil is the world tree in Nordic myhology and a quite fitting pen-name for a white nationalist author. I think that they glike to use things of Germanic origin. I think that it comes from there rather than from any modern work of fiction which have borrowed this name form mythology, like Tales of Symphonia and Starcraft. No vote from me but I doubt the verifiability of this. Jeltz talk  10:38, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Correct. He defines the mythical tree and states: "In the context of White Nationalism, one can assume that Yggdrasil binds together different classes of Europeans".  - Morning star 23:45, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The fact is, in the game he was a elf that wanted to turn all humans into lifeless beings. Making it just seems hoax-like... Bky1701 06:20, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not verifiable. Yggdrasil is also a character in the Storm (comic) series, among others. Radiant_* 13:44, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep If only for the linking of the Yggdrasil tree with White Nationalist currency.  The sheer volume of critiques and myriad other works on the Internet is notable for its contribution to and impact on the White Nationalist movement .  We cannot fall prey to the consideration that Yggdrasil is not notable because hir works have not gained wide circulation outside the strictures of hir  virtually anonymous Internet platform.  Curtsurly 05:26, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Mcfly85 06:31, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Article does not establish notability. Gamaliel 07:18, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Richard Machalek

Richard Machalek (born April 12, 1946) is a social theorist, sociobiologist, and professor of sociology. He is emeritus faculty of sociology at the University of Wyoming.

A student and colleague of sociobiologist E.O. Wilson, Machalek is best known for using traditional sociological frameworks and theories to explain complex social behavior and structures in non-human societies, with a special emphasis on ant populations.

Machalek believes that the bedrock of sociological knowledge lies in explaining social phenomena that are exhibited across many different types of species. Machalek also applies knowledge from the fields of evolutionary theory, zoology, and biology and is especially concerned with the trans-species social behaviors of cheating, cooperation, and division of labor, among others.

title: Richard Machalek